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ݼ
ʣʳһУ칦߱似Ӷ֮·ɱ֮Ƿһ·ʬ
ڳ۳ңЦȺۣٵǴۣ֮пս


1 ɱ
ԺɳɳݻƵҶԺӡ
һӲʵľ崲һ꣬ʮӡ
Ҷ㣬ѧԺһͨŵӡ
Ҳһըô
˫ۣԴŹɫĽһãȻ֮ɫͻȻҶоһͷʹļӿ
½ݣԴѧԺߡ
ҶĳһĴ
û뵽ԽˣҲҶ㡭
һߵ磬ǿ߿Էɽʯٹȣӳ
ѧԺߵҡ
ѧԺԺԺԺҪĿľΪԺŵӡ
ԺţţӢӣÿֻоӢӲлԺˣ˹ˣлΪԺӡ
ҶסĵطѧԺԺŵᣬ˵ᵫʵһԺ䡣
£ҶԺУܴĿ⣬Ҷһ泩
ˣˣԴӳΪѪ󣬾Ҳûɹ̫
Խ֮ǰҶһѪǸ磬Ѫܼ⣬ڵص֮£һըڵصµҶһըˡ
Ҳٻһأؼգˡ
֨֨
һͷٽҵĳ˳ĵĴҶܹ
ӡҶ㡱ļ֪ѧԺǺɽ޹ֳֻǶޣһӿɱҲûУҲ˳޲Ǻˡ
Ҷ㲻Ծһ촽ʲôˣ֮гһɺ֮ɫ
ô£Ѿ壬ΪʲôѪ
Ҷ֣
ѪԽԽǿңŹȥĳԭʼıȥ
һûзӦͱҶ˫ס
Ҷûſҧȥ鷢ˣץųʮָͷͻȻָ׷ı䳤ֱӴ档
Ѫĺɫ˳ָȾҶ˫֡
ûйĸоѪҺк̺رĶ
Ѫľһ˿˿壬Ҷı۾
ףôû뵽ԭ紫˵еĶȻĴڣȵȣһ˿˿תŵĵطѵǵ߾ΪʲôطҲУȻǾŸɾ״ֲȫѹţ
Ҷ˫ĿֻոջһͷĳֻʣƤͷĵڵ֮ϡ
о¶ϲ֮ɫæǰҶ㡱ġ񹦡
ոյѪҺڲϻŻϵľŸϵţĵš
аߵӣһԽԽ֣
̣
ҶоĤһѪʼڣȫһɺɫȵӿ
Ȼֱӹ˺۷壬ؾ
ʼǺһأءֱأ֮ϣ죬֮ϣҶҲ֪ˣϾԺԺҲ쾳
û뵽ѪȻڲͬ
Ҷ߸пÿԱֻ
޶ɣ˵ֶ
ôûУǺѪҺһ˰ɣҪǵĻ˵Ѫʱһĸоˣʲ࡭ǲ˵дѪҵʵԾ˵ٶ
Ҷǳϲƶϡ
лһҪ£
һɶҶҿһȦԼϴģԭɾƤմȾһ˿˿ڳʡ
ͻ˺أڵҲһųˣѪֵ̫ˣϵζţҪúϴϴˣ
Ҷ˵ȥ
û뵽ﾹȻԡͰ
ҶͷëľͰϡ۾ŽһС
û뵽Ҳ⹦ڹ
⹦Ҳ似Ҫǹ֮ãĿǰΪֹǰΡҶֻһ׻
ڹԪڵ֮УԼڻĽС񹦡һ¼󲿷ֵĻ¼м߼ֻоӢӲ
ڹΪ⹦ΪศɣֻһٺãҲдĳɾ͡
ڹȲżԼתѪҺǹֶЩһܲԼָװɣ
뵽ԼֻΪֳצӣΧۣҶһ޺
ãأͿԵһ似


2 ȭ
ڶ죬Ҷ
վڲ̨£̧ͷؼǧѧ⣬ѧԺҪĵط֮һѧԺĴ֮ء
ҵʹ￪ʼ
Ҷսȭͷ̧̨ס
ؿ϶㣬źֻͣһʱֻѡһ似¼ԭ׼ţһ֮󣬸ͻ١
Ҷߵǰʱ˵⣬Ա߱ĿĻ߻ڡ
Ҷʮֿʩһ
ף
Ҷ㲻İҶ㡱һ㣬ۿһЩӼ֮鼮
Ȼһ㲻ͬһߣмһ°ݵԲοյأ˵ôһôǸԲΣԭռˡ
ո̤϶Ҷпţ
ǽ似ǵ似Ϊͽ似Ϊȷ似ѡ似ɵ䳡
Ҷ㲻İתķ򣬹Ľ赼ʦ
ֻ¥ݿҲӺһߣһ鿴
ҶĻδ̧ͷǼڿ飬Ҷȴûκβ
߲似ʦԸ似ΪҶ㳣ҶйۺܺãͷܰĿ̫ˣƽʱҶҲչˣָ£ϧǰҶ㡭
似ǵȼԽԽãҪʺԼźáе赼ʦٴοڡ
л赼ʦСӽģ
ѣҶ㻹ʮָл
Ҷ߹ģļҡҡͷûͣ
࣬Ҫ츳ֻоţϵĽ⡣Ҳ࣬͵޼
˼
̫С
̾Ҷ㽫˻ȥں˵֮Ҷǳ˵Щ¼似оʮּ򵥣Ҳ
Ҷͽ似ķţڽµ似Żʱɨ²һرĻɫ
Ǳ似
ҶĨɫֻҶǻҳסˡ
ԵҰɣ
˵ҶӲȥˣϵĻҳ
ۡ顪ǡȭС䡪ҳ¶֣Ҷһһֵ
棬ֻҳдŷǷʽ˼ͰԵ֮
һʽķѣСɣ˺ʮţ֮
ڶʽʬСɣԢʬȻǻҲܱһȭࡣ
ʽʯ٣һȻʽܣҶҲǰľɣܻɽʯ֮⡣
ʽ
ֻʽһҳƤм˺ĺۼȱټС
ѹôЩ궼ʽԭ˼Уô˵Եѡˡ
˵Ҷֽ似ϴϴĦһ飬ŵһԣ䳡Ҫȭ
ȭһʽķѣ
ҶһͺȣȭͷΪһǣǰĿϣһ
ûֹͣҶһתһεץڵϡ
ȣ
ȭڶʽʬ
·һͷͻҶǵһȭݺݵ棬һ֡
ߵѾ似ʦ߿
Ҷûֹͣһ䣬һ磬ҶӰӣŵ磬һĨ⡣
ȭʽʯ٣
ǣ
Ҷֱۻӳ洫ǵ͸ֱۣһȭͷ֮ϸһɫȭ磬·˺ѿ
ģ
һȭ似ľϣܳһǿľȥ
ĺܿ졭
֪ʱߵ赼ʦﵽҶȻʱȭţ赼ʦ͡
Ҷȭ
ڹۿһͽȭһЩҪʵѵãʱգСɡ
似ּ׶ΣţСɣɣԲĸ磡
˼ڸͰԵʹúʱһҪע⣬˼
лϣСӼסˣ
赼ʦĹģҶĵĸл
֮ʽշҶо˷ȭСɵżֻҪϵõܽȭӳȥֻɱˡ
飡
һײڲҶĶˮ϶ԽԽߣͷʮ⡣
䣡
Ҷһȭ£¥һζһȭҲţ֮
뿪ҶȻصסʰ˼·׼ȥһʱ䣬˳ĥһ²ŵõ似
ӴҪȥ
ɽСϣһҶ


3 
һЦҶĲ洫Ҷµ˹סҶȥ·
ʯɽҹ
ǰҶ򣬼˵ʱȻǳ⣬˳߿˹
Ӵڸ˭˵Ųҽȣһ²˵ء
ȻѧԺѧ໥˽һ㲻ֳϲ쵼ûȥ棬Ͼһֻ۱һֻۣùҹ̬ȡ
ù·ù͸ÿ
ҶŭˣʯɽһֱԣһûٳƼҸҶϵľһѧԺҶûܵʯɽ۸
㾹ȻǹҶĵӼֱǸ裬һ¾̭ϵӵӣҵҪôؼ壡
Ҷ㻹һݣƳҶҶĶӡ
ڳʱ򣬸Ҷ˲һҶǱʣ½Ϊǿʳֻǿ߲лȨڻȨ֮ϡ
ԽҶ֮ѡҶʮ˷ܣҶʵȴţһ㡣
ټϸΪĴҩҲոؾ硣
ѹδҩʱ˲ټԴȴ޻رʹøҶڼԽԽ֮ͣ
֮£׽Լ͵ѧԺһŵӣϣҵİ취
ѧԺʱ䣬Լԭ̤һŵĳƺţ
ûζʲôκ˶һδڴһδεʧ䣬Ҷһʹ
ڼȻԭҲҵķô뵽
ģѧԺҲ뿪ҶЦ
ǿ𣬡ʯɽЦﾹȻ˵뿪ѧԺҪһԺ㻹ܲôӲҿ˵ˣһ¾ҶѡӣʱǸôʯɽϴЦ

Ҷðһɱʯɽ˵ҶĲΪڼλѾһǧɣһ֮Ҫ̭ȷʵûص壬ԣҶҪһ֮ڣţܼѧԺ
ô𣬷ԶǷȻȥȽһȭ˵ʯɽЦ
Ҷõ֮󣬼ͻƺأҪ˽һʯɽжԹˡ
飡
ȭͷײһ𣬽һ
䣡
ʯɽǶߵķһ㣬ݺݵķ˳ȥײڲԶһڴֵСϣ˴һҷɡ
ۣ
һѪʯɽ˲ήȥֱ۹ͷǵʹࡣ

Ŀ֮£Ҷһȭصʯɽɣʯɽһ˼վԭأֱҶת뿪ѹ
æصʯɽֱ۵ʹĴţһ飬ֱ֪ͷִѷ죬ͷҶˡ
û֮ҶѾصԺӡ
Ժ̫СʺҶ似ѧԺר似Ĺ㳡Ҷ㲻ȥȥɽҸĵط似
ϰҶ뿪СԺɽǰ

飡
ɽһ±Եһһȭһ𵴡

ȭҶɽȭҲʱˣȻδСɾСɲԶˡ
ȭҪʵսĥǳȥˣ
ֻоʵսʵҶɽһЩ֣˳һЩѪһ壬Ѫıϡ
˰ٲңǰͻȻɳɳȻһͷὣҶǰһ׶ߣϳһ̣ҶǣҶ㴳ĵ̡
Ҷһݣһͷ۷ĳὣ󱳵ĳὣΣյʱʮѲ
Ƥ񣬺ѶԸǰ滹һԳֱӽҧ
һһͭС۾סҶ㣬ת˲֮䣬һὣҶʮ֮졣
ಣ
һܣὣҶ˳ȥ͵ĵ𣬷ȭֱӳ֣һȭ˳ὣ֮ϡ
飡
ὣԾ𣬱Ҷһȭŷһڵأ˻ԴȻû£һƤ̫ˡ
ὣʹһڷɣҶ˹ٶ졣
ҶҲ࣬עڽŵ֮£ӵ˰֮УȫĵŸȫҶȭͷ֮ϡ
˵һţ֮ҶǾţ֮ΪӵоŸ˾ű׶˾ҪȱϾű
ȭͷ֮ϣŷὣܵΣգҪѾˣһαʮ׾룬ڵ֮Ͽʼ鴤ͷĶǷȭ֮
ɷŹ
Ҷһ˿Ѫ֮ɫָײԾð˳Ǽ֮ὣУѪʼ˳ֱ۽Ҷ棬ΪŸ֮С
տĵͲ٣мͻƺˡ
ὣٸɱȥȫѪԼҶգŸֹͣͻƺָտɴ
ûжҶǰаңǰִɳɳҶս׼һɫſɺڣš
üһسڴߣҶ㾪


4 չ
֮ѾЩˣһЩǡ
ҵļޣһ㶼ҩѵͷػʲôҩ
ǰ࣬ðɺ֮ɫβͳҶɨʮ֮졣
˱ǣҶŵ磬仯Ī⣬־һȭǷȭĵһʽ
ķѣ
޴βͺɨҶһȭУݺݵӡ֮ϡ
飡
Ȼ˽ϵƬһ黹ҪӲ
Ҷ֮Ѵﵽţ֮ȻûشһȭҲôߺƳȥüס
һޣղһȭԻһһȭֻͷߣȻԲ࣬޵츳
һת߼˹ŨȻԲǺܴ󣬵ǻ֮УǸоһѣΡ
㳢ҵĵڶʽ
Ҷ𣬽ȫעڽŵ֮£һ䣬һȭͷٴӡڴߵ֮ϡ
ģ
һε󣬾Ÿȫ߱׾룬һҽУĹͷѣŤٶȻ
ಣ
Ҷʧԭأһץס˴ߵβֱͣӸٽĴ߱Ҷ˦ַ˳ȥԶͱ֮ϡ
䣡
ɽڷһƵ죬߱ײķѣִѷ죬ѪȾͱڡ
ɷŹ
Ȼ飬Ѫ˳ڣ滹оҶ㲻Ź
ѪѾ˱죬ڵѪһУתɾ䵽֮С
ٴαǣﵽ˺۷壬ɱһͷļޣܽؾˡ
صѪ֮Ҷ㲻ҳʱ䶺ɱߣһͻ޵ע⡣
æͱڱԵѰңļ޶ҩ֪ͷ߻ʲôҩ
ͻȻ֮䣬ԪޱŨԶͱһһ߸ߵС濪ƬҶӣмһɫĹʵʮˣɢŵ˵
ʮչ
Ҷ˷ܵĺ
ҩϵļأչʮŻɣһ˵ʮչ̷ȥ깦˵
Ҫǣչϴ跥ëãǿȣóȥֵܼһǧʯ
ҶͻȻΪʲô߿ԼԭչҪˣΪҶǹչ˵⡣
ĵر󣬲ֹ֪ҲһȻǲߣȴҲ̷֪ӵУչϾҪ죬ͷߵ˺ü꣬ȴҶ㡣
СչժŽҶѾڳ߿廯Ϊһ⣬ʧԭء
һʱҶҲͷޣޣҼ룬弶ޡ
飡
ʱһͷļҶУоѪ˳ָ֮Уָ׵ĳȴһ֮Ϊ磬ðɫâ
Ҷ򵥲һ£ԼָӲҪһıҪӲһץȥ޴ʯֱѿ
ţϣҶڸܵ˱ͣͻڼָ׻صָ棬һԽҸȫĵطͻơ
һ͵ϣһϥһʱԪ궯ϳӿ롣
Ҷ㣬ţ֮󣬸ܵͻŸγһѭԴԴԪע뵽֮С
̣
߷̵һ뵽˺أԪ궯ͳͳҶ۹γһСУע뵽տĵ֮С
ҶҲżһһתȻٶҪȱϾűڱѾֲȱݣֻҪԴԴϵ޾ѪӦһܽǰµľ׷
һʱȥˣҶľ翪ʼȶ˺۷壬վӣ淢ž

洫ȵжʮţ֮һȭ׶һˮ״Сʯ鱻Ҷ顣
ǿںضҵĶˡ
ʵҶĴһ¾ŴȣѽأŵӰ϶ǾմմϲҪ弶쾳
ͻƺ֮ҶûѡȻѧԺѾʱˡ
Ѽʱʱ䣬ҶصСԺ£ϥڴϣȡչ˵ɢûκԥ̷ֱȥ
֮󣬻ΪһҶУŸζڼ
һӵȫתҶɫͨ죬ȫչ̫ǿˡ
չʼϴˢ壬ҶȫЩÿһ֣ͻᱥһ֣ȹ̵ľֳɶЩʼҶ
˺Ҷϸ˺飬˺ѣ飬һһ飬ҶıŤҲһɿУȻʹ࣬ʵĿʮܡ
ȫž·űһչϸҶ
ʮһţ֮
ʮţ֮
ʮţ֮

ʮţ֮
ʮţ֮
Ҷﵽʮţ֮ͣ翪ʼɶ۷˲䱻ͱƣʼ
ˡ
Ѫ֮Ѫҽ״ڣ·սġ
ȣ
ŵʮתҶͻƵ˺ؾڷ˲۷壬ӽؾһжչĹ
ʵͻ֮ҶӴԺȭ
¡¡
ҶԺ¡¡֮·һ㣬ȭ뵽СɾӣһȭϳֵƣҶСԺһᱻһա
Ҷ㣬ҹ
һŭȴҶ㣬Ժ洫ġ


5 һȭ֮
ȭҶɫȭȻ˴ϣղŵĸȫʧȥܲ׽ɵӰӡ
ƿԺӣԺվʮ꣬һֱ۱ײסڲϣǰЩ챻Ҷֱ۵ʯɽ
˭ΪҪҵԺУ
Ҷŭʮֲá
Ҷ㣿
վǰһʮ߰˵ѯʵ֮жһĮ
ǣ
Ҷûзϣƺʶǰ˭ϾѧԺкüǧӣ˶ʶ
Ǿʯɽˡ
ָһվںʯɽȫɱŨ߲ơ
ûҴ˵ģ
Ҷûб⣬ʮƽǰŵӷΣǺأеĿһеζ
ƼҵӣǸô㣡
꿴ҶϣͻȻҲƼҵӣƺ֮ҲһЩ
ܺ㣬ƼԺԶһ㣬ͲִƼҵӵˡ
Ҷֵܿ¶һŵӣҶôˣһŵӣȻôŵ˵
úúãȻˣǾͳһȭ
ƺʮֱŭԭܻҪҶ˵ûǸˣϾһŵӣ޴αصŵӡ
ǸղһҶѻ˵ˣƺˣѧԺÿ춼ݾϡ档
ߣ
ƺȭͷˣҶֻһسڶѣȻŰ裬Ŀˡ
ûжκ似Ҷһȭʮţ֮չֳȭͷһױ֮ղչǣҶһ
Ҳ֮ңת֮䣬ȭͷײһ𣬽һˣһҽ֮֡

ȭһ䣬ƺȻɳȥһҽУ޻֮ûҶƾܺء
꣡
һĹͷ֣ƺֱ۱Ҷ㳹ѹΪʹ·ʧȥ˹ͷ֧ţͻһ׷Ĺ衣
վֵܿĵһͻı仯еԽܣصƺȻҶһȭ֮Уôܡ
⡭
ǰۿĵӳͣٳٲϺϣƺţصƺһһȭɡ
̫ˣҲʮţ֮
һԼؿڣƺţǸղȷʵܵһɿ磬ɿԻκ
ʵҲҲ磡
ҶЦһûڵһƺԺӣص֮УûЩˣȥˡ
ۣҶ㲻֪ˣѾ״̬񹦿תͻ֮Ѿ㡣
ƺ̧ˣҶڼСΧ֮
˵Ҷǲǳʲô鵤ҩˣȻҲһȭܡ
ҶƺΪһЩŵӲ෹̸۵Ļ⣬ϾʲôҩͻΪҲʲôϡ顣
ѣҿ˵ˣһƼҵ֪ҶˣʮŭӢƼҿкüˣҶԺ󲻺ùˡ
紫۴󲿷ֶҶõʲôΪҶֵԴƲ⡣
չ֮ȷʵûɢ˳ëɢЩ˵ƲҲûе
Ժ֮Ҷٶȱû֮£ֻóȥ
վѪȻʵҶҲһ⣬ÿһβ̫࣬һܷΧױɣȥȡһЩ񣬻ȡʯ
ʯͨԴÿѧԺҲᷢһЩʮϡ٣
ԣҪôʯֻһ;ѧԺ񣬴Ӷܻȡʯ
һʱ䣬ҶܿãǽǩµҲоӢµһЩʦ´
Ϊ𣬶ӦҲŵӣŵӣӢӡ
Ϊͨм񣬸߼񣬼ԽߣѶԽͨŵӵģмŵ࣬ڸ߼ʮϡ٣ÿһֻоӢӲɣҲųһЩ츳ǿŵӡ
ҶҲżߵͨ棬䷢һа˻ɱޣаѰʲôϵĵȵȡ
ЩҶûжȤΪܵͣõıʮʯҶŸҪʯҲ˾űѰʯȽ϶
ߵм棬ǩ˺ֻܶ࣬аʮɨһۣĿⶨһ֮ϡ
ڵһöҪĺڵʯ
мֻߣĳӢҪڵûʱȥɱ԰䷢һ񣬵ʱóʯͿˡ
ûԥǩ˺Ҷ㱾Ҫȥ߼Ƿˣ߼ҪҲǺأʵֻԺңغɡ
뿪ãҶֱӳɽȥֺҶӻ־ϿһһĹޣĺᣬ֮ѾûѪˡ
ϲסʪĵطɽ֮ҶѰһ֮أֻЩط߲ϲû
ףĽӡһʮ߹ã
ϵĽӡҶںɽɱ˶ᱦȻһѧԺ໥ɱҲѰ
ӡܿʧı䷽ˣҶֻüѰҺߣܿҵһ֣м֮Ǻζʱµӡǡ
Ҵ⣬Ҷ㽫֣Ҳǳ꣬ʵ͡
ɳɳ
ǰ׾봫ɳɳ֮ʲôζҶ˾һ䣬䵽һ֮ϣ棬ÿ˺ߵĺ󱳡
ˣ


6 ɱ˶ᱦ
ҶСŪ̫Ķֱܾߡ
ȵмʮʱҶͻȻˣעȫȭͷ֮˸ââ
͵Ϯ˲Ȼʮףú벿֧壬ϰ벿ȫ©⣬ɺо³ȳ֮˱Ƕ
ʵȻﵽغڣ
Ҷ㿴֮аȻˣܵͷߣʱͿˣľѪҵʵ϶ᱩһ
ſɺڣҶҧ˹޿ˮ״Сֱӽɽȥ
ȣ
Ҷһջ˼׾룬ȭı䷽Ǻߴλãνߴߴ磬ֻǺߵ㡣
ʬ
ȭĵڶʽСɾһȭ֮ﵽʮţ֮ضʮţ֮Ҷȱ˶
ϣ
ȭͷӡںߵϣ֮·ڽ棬ߵƬʮּӲһȭδˣֻǽƫһУܾʹ
£βҶɨɨУҶǿ󣬹Ҳᱻ壬һ֮Ҳʮţ֮
Ҷ㲻˷ȭһ䣬ɷȭʽʯ٣ȭͷ渲һ͸һ֮ɫ
䣡
һɰ֣ʯٻж濴κƣ͵Է棬ǰ֮͸Ƭ
꣡
Ҷ洫ĹͷҶ鲻١
ߵٶ˲벿ܶˣֱƺߵζ
ɱ
һѪ֣֮Ҷָ˲ð˳ȥ֮Уһ˺ѣߵԴֱӱ˺
ڵڳ֮󣬾ѪֱգҶоԼԽԽˡ
ףʲô
߸ɱ֮Ҷ㿴һɫѪΣҲһٶɷ֣ȥ˵Ҳʮ깦ԭػѪΡ
ֳѪץ˹ȥѪξȻʧԭأʮ֮⣬ѪѾ飬Լˡ
һѪ׷˹ȥѪεٶȿ죬Ҷٶȸ죬һ
ѪΣ㲻
ҶѪεʱһ
Ҷ󾪣Ӽתʮµվʮ֮⣬ҶеѪΣһ˿̰ɫ
ɱ˶ᱦ
Ҷ֪ܿЩҪʲôˣҪеѪΡ
Ѫȷֵģ˺ô󾢲ɱߣǵҪֳɵģҶͬ⡣
ѪҲаɷ֣Ҷ̷ȥ˵ҲͻƺأʱҶ㽫ʸμӽڱȣлӢӣμ׵Ժˡ
˷ֱ££ǰһ֣ԭǴѧԺˣҶܿϳЩ˵ʵںأղ˵ľ꣬
ԴĸʵֱѧԺѧԺȣƱѧԺ࣬ҪĿľΪ˲ţ໥ʮּңȡԴŵӣĨɱԷǱĵӡ
ѧԺˣ
Ҷ·һ֣һ۾ܿѧԺˣϴһư֮ɫ
ǴѧԺˣ
ҶȻ֪һ䡣
ûǵȷǴѧԺˣѪΣһ
ɽɱ˶ᱦʮЩ΢㵽޵ϡ
ѪҷֵģˡҲܸ㡣
Ҷ㽫Ѫսѹû㽻
ѧԺѧԺڿԴȻǷ֧Ժʵ޼˫ϵһֱȽϽţ໥˼ɶԷıźڰ˭Ҳ֪ʲô飬˫ںɽһԲɱʤ
֪ڸ˭˵𣿡
һ˵ˣ֮мš
ѵǴǿɡ
ҶǰȽ򣬺ٽɽɱ˶ᱦֻ˵ǵһо裬˳ֵ׼
ϻʲôһѧԺˣɱѪξǵˡ
Æ£꾹ȻһͲ֪ĸˡ
ҶһЩ˿Ǵɱ˶ᱦˣȻһ䣬һʾ⣬Ҳ궯ˣֻһŲһ̤Ľӡ˫ֻΪһצһצʮְԵʯ嶼һצ˺ѡ
ӥ˫צݺݵץּϳЦ֮ɫԺ֮ѾҶ㱻ץѵľ
ɱƺ۳ʵʣǵض


7 ̻
ǵصצӡҶ˲֣ʮָһָѸٳ֣ðɭɫԷȻצҶÿӡ֤һ
ռһ͸һצɨֱƿķצС
ȻԷǺأҶŸͬȵ£Ǳ˵ľűʵչǣǺ۷壬һغϣͽƷ

Ʋ֮УѪ˲䵹˳Ҷֱ۽뵽֮УгһѪ֮ɫҶоڼȱѪ
Ҳһʱ䣬ֻʣƤͷȫյһɶȫ뵽Ҷ֮С
꣡
Ҷһ˺걻һΪ֮࣬һɶ֮ζɢʮֶġ
Ҷ˲̵ɱַʣ˴֮ɫؾȻҶһ֮С
Ҷһɱˣоһûк£е˷ܣѪıŨң֪£ֻ뽫ǰ˺ѡ
ҶҲû뵽Ժأһɱǵ͹Լʵ̷չ֮󣬴ʣհѪΣԺҲ˲ɱ
ԣҶܽѪνʣϣһɲȳˣҶȳ֡
Ȼû似Ҷ㽫עڽŵ£ٶ˿ֻһҪѰһ似ѧϰˣ˺أҶԶ޼似
Ҷ˴ŭ˲䣬ӰӳҶ࣬γ˼л֮ơ
ߣ
ҶһȻҪϲ٣ȣһ붼˲ɢȭ֡
ʬ
һȭɨȥҶƣʣһ꣬ͲΪ壬Ϊֻаʵǿﵽ˺۷塣
Ҷ㳯겻˷ҲһֱȭҪΪҶʵǿҲѽºһȭ
飡
һȭķƺܹᴩ񷣬ȭŤһʴһȥ
ź¡¡ȭͷײһһĿѪǹͷѹݷᣬȫ䡣
ꡭ
ͷ·ѹɷĩ浽һѣĥֱڿըһѪ꣬ȫͷȫѣıķˣѹ赼ʦҶѡ似üͷ΢壬Ȿ似ɱ̫е㱩塣
Ҷһȭͬʦܣ֮һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҶҲأսһޣÿһȭط룬ƺܴﵽңСӵʲô
ȭҲʲô似ѧԺҪ߼似ö࣬ʩչҶûһˡ
Сӣ֪˭һɳǰֻҪһźţͻдǰʱҿôȰ㻹ǽѪνҿԲƽɱѧԺĵӡ
ԭҵˣڿԴʢȻѧԺһβ࣬ʮ֮С쾳ǿߣĴ֮ĩڵ
Ҷ㰵Ȼ֪˵滹Ǽٵģд󲿷ҵڸʱ鷳
Ҷϳԥ֮ɫһ˿֮ɫΪ嵽Ҷ㡣
ѪνɣȻֻͷźˣ
гһͲһĶͷźõģʱ׼ȼţҲûаջɱҶ㣬д˾ٶ
Ҷܿ춴ϤĶѪ֮ɫٴγ֣ĳǰȥȭ˳׼
Ϊ˵ЩһԲϾҪɱˣȡϵѪΣĻŹңЦ֮
ղһĨ֮ɫҶţ겻ŹԼû֮ƣȼĵӾͷźţһͷţʱӲٸŪþͻᱻҶɱӣҶʶĹơ
һҶ㶯ˣȫһֻӣöһ䣬ӿ
꿴Ҷ˲֣гһӣ֪ôֵģ·ƾճ֣ӴֻаƴСʮ־£ľȻһŸ
ն
һм似Ѧ츫ʮְԵҪҶȭĵȼҪߡ
ܶԷҶһȭͷ֮ɢһ֮ɫ
ʯ٣
ҶˣһȭԷȥ
ģ
ȭ͸ӷ棬ʯǿ֮͸κζ
ͣ
Ѫ굹ɳȥеźųڿɢһ̻źš


8 ׷ɱ
ȫû뵽ҶһȭˣڲһƬ꣬Ѫ
ҶŲ¶һ˿־֮ɫҪѾˣҶ˫ֲ棬ȫѪ

ҶվѪ֮󣬸оͻƺظˣϿһѵؼһЩʯҩ
ûжٶֻһöʯһ似ȼǺܸߡ
ʲô
ڰ˰죬ʲôҲûѵҶʮƣָϴһöӵĽָĿ⡣
ղСɵĸͻȻ֣Ҷʮֺ棬Ϊһʲô֮ı죬ʲôҲûУ󿴵öָ
ָоɢŵһ˿ת档
ѵǴָ
Ҷе㲻ţһöָļֵɹҲֵһöʯǾӢҲ˶дָʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ㳯淨̽ӹȥһβƣһտĿռ䣬ʮƽСڷŲڵдʯкü似ڷһϡ
ˣȻǴָ
ҶϲָԼϣӦ֮շ磬ղŵõһٶöʯ˽ȥ
ʰһУҶԶɳɳ֮ڳ߿
ãҵˣô͸ϵˡ
Ҷ弱ʧԭأɽȥֻû˿
Ҷ뿪ã˳ڸղսĵطڵϵ߲εʬ壬һѱ⡣
ӣ㿴˭ġ
һӳһҴʵҶɱĸ磬ʱҲںɽյź֮󣬵һʱϵһ
ȫ׷ɱߵĲԶڸ
Ҵ˵֮͸һɳɱ⣬Լĵܱܵɱںɽܲŭ͸һɿ⡣
ļͷųźţܿ죬ͬźţһΧȦʼγɣҶΧ
ˣԴɱ֮Ѿȥʱˣһֱںɽ֮Ӵܣ뿪ãҶ뵽׷ɱС
Ҷ㰵⣬һοɱ飬ŭȻҲ׷ɱҹҽɽԽԽࡣ
Ҷ˿ԼУӺɷӦøΪȻɱˣҪҵŭ𣬱Ͼɱ˶ᱦȡ
ͻȻһŲҶһ䣬ӵһ֮ϣڲï֦ܵУΡ
һᣬ֣߳ҷΣڸղҶֵλá
ôӡʧˣ׷һʱղŻǰ治Զ
Ӹߵ߿Žӡʧɻ
ôһҪҵɱ֣ȻֵܻȥùֻҪץסֵ֣ܼҾܳͷˡ˵
ɣ
ӸߵͻȻһƳϿҶܵĵطһ֧תۼ͵Ҷߡ
Ҷ󾪣Լ黹ǲ㣬ӡʧֻΨһĿܾǶϣ߸˲֡
ղ˵ֻԼΪǲδ֣ΪһͻȻϮҶʱ̱־裬ֻ͵ϮҶ㣬Ͼ˶Ǻ۷塣
Ҷֱ̽˳ȫžȭĵһʽķѡ
꣡
߸ƸյͱҶȥͷһҶֱۣظҶ֮С
Ҷȫµκδ⣬һƺȥȫͷֱӱѣֵܵѾӵʮţ֮Ҷ㣬οҶõչʣǡ
߸ӵ߷һҽУȥҶ֪Ӱزס˹ȥã쵽¡
飡
ӵ߻ûзӦֱӱɳȥһб
ʣһ߷һŭ𣬳Ҷ˹û뵽һغϣҶնɱˣһȭͬһ㣬Ҷ㼤ȥ
Ҷ㶯磬ܿһȭһߵļ֮ϡ
ۣ
һһѪдҶ飬һ
䣡
һҪ˵ʲôϧ˻Σʵĵȥ
ҶһҵԽԽˣҪӿǳѣĴҵˣΨֻһʱûУǺɽҶ㲻Ҽ룬룬Ҳصޡ
Сӣ󵨣Ȼɱҵˡ
Ҷɱ֮Ǽ˿ٳ߿ÿһĻûпҶǺ󱳡
⣬Ƿˣ


9 
ɱ֮Զһȣ˼ٳ
Ҷ˲ʧԭأתͷɽȥѾֻһһ
һڵӰӼٳҶ㿿ٶҪҶ㻹Ҫϲ٣ʱ䣬˾ҶҪû似Ķ֧֣˲ٿ
Сӣ־ܰɣ
һֱɨ֦ȫҶ󱳷ּֿ
֮£Ҷֻ÷Ųתһƣ֦飬˳ô˻ᣬ׷
ɱҵĵܵܣ
˿Ҷ֮͸һɱ䣬Ų⼸ԴҶ㣬ƺܴС
ҪɱңֻǷѡҶ
ߣƱ磬ҵҪɱ㣬ҪԹԵ־ܣ
꼫ȰԵ̬ʮֿϾǺأʵҪҶ߳硣
ðԵҶЦ
ûҾǰԵɣ
ҴӣҶɱĸ磬һĳɵȻ۳һѳӣһնݺᡣ
ͣǵ˺صı֣ܽ۳״ҪӴ֧֣󲻼򵥡
ҶȫעҪ֪ɱҪͨĹǿɱǿ
쾳ʹõĴ󲿷ֶͨı޷֧֮Ĺ䣬ֻܵǿ߹
ȻвޱָõıҶʵָ׵ӲԽԽǿ
Ҷһһ״ϣȻɱҲһЩֱ̬ӭȥ
䣡
ҶȻ˶Է󲿷ֵǲĵȻݺݵײҶ֮ϣһײҶܵһЩˡ
Թ־ܰɣɱҵĵܵܣһҪлл㣬֮λһ֣ɱҵܵܵķϣȫʬ
˿ûΪԼܵ˶ʹ࣬ʮָˣҶɱܵܵԲˡҪɱҶ㡣
ϻ࣬־ܣֻһ仰ܣ
ȥɣ
ҶԴǼң걩ŭٴγһһ۽ӽʵʣһնǰռ䱻նһѷ죬ֱҶȥ
ݺᣬն˲ִҶǰ޿ɱܣֻӲӡ
ʬ
Ҷѡ񣬾Ÿȫʵ˲ȻǺأ˾űΪһɲͬʼ£
䣡
һεĵնҶϣɼǣҶƺһ嵹ɳȥƴˣҶһȭ˺ϡ
Ҷһ˿Ѫ֮ɫе˿ڣ˫ŵһֻеıӣҪսپȻҽи˳߿£
ܵһ֮Ҷûкˣ˫һ̤ע˫ţʯ˲䱬ѣڵЩĽӡ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶоԼһЩţ֮չȫĴսУдչȫա
ﵽʮţ֮һȭһһȭ֮ǿ˹ҶΨһһλˣֱܴʩչȭʽʯ٣Ǻ·
ƺû뵽ҶӲһ֮󣬻ܷҪȸղŻҪϼ֣Щȣһ
ҶĵƳץ˹ȥȻץܼ¿ͣڰ֮С
ɫ䣬Ҷ㾹ȻͽֽסĵԽܵǣһɰ˳ŵɻҪҪǿһ
ҲһǵĹҶ㽫ȥ˳ŶԷĵ˺棬Ҷһȣһȭѹ£ȥ
ȭƴһȭֱķɣͬߵķݣɳȥ߸߷𣬺ݺݵ˵ϣǰ߹ǱϺüؿھҵĿԡ
ɴ˫ۣŵҶ㾹ȻС
ҶðˣУҶһؾȻ˻ҪȺػҪ
ٺ٣𣿡
Ҷæ˿ֹѪɫеҰףղŵ˿ѿѪѽ·ȾʪֹѪɢ̷˵ҩѪֹסҶоȱѪһ¸ѵ촽Ѫ֮ɫ꿿
㡭ҪʲôҿҵĴӣҵļ̳ˣɱңԺ޾鷳ġ
꿴ҶѪ֮ɫкˣſ־Ҷ


10 ˮ
꺦ˣ·ģԿ־塣
սһʼҶЦ
ҶףǺǸأʱҹ㾡ȫҲɱֻɱ˺꣬һ˰ˣֻҪй¶ȥҲ֪˭ɱǼ磬ǿʳַһһҶ㡣
ӣҶӳ죬ָϵָײԾð˳˸ɭâ꿴ȻѰҶ㵱ɹˡ
ȥɣ
˫ֲУѪ˳ֱۻҶ棬ղſѪĻָɫʼָʵ
ʵԽԽߣҪҲӴ󣬾ŸҪű޾ѪҪԽԽ࣬·Ÿ޵׶ҶյľѪ

귢һҽУٸɱȥ󲻸
Ҷ㿴ȫʼѹûдָֻһ似мʮöʯһƿ
ǺöһܶüÿһʮʮţͳͳҶսָ档
ɳɳɳ
˴ɳɳкܶڿղս˲˵ע⡣
ˣղս̫󣬹Ƕˣˣ˼սҪҵطȽ˵
Ҷʬ壬ٳɽȥҶʧһʱ䣬ʮߣͶǺأطֺü
׷һҪ׽ù鰸ȻǶ޷ȥ
һŭ֮Ҷɱ׼ŭˣһȫɢУһﵽ۷壬һߣ˫ľ롣
ҶѾûŲ·ݣûκη򣬺ұܣֻҪǰ·Ͳһеĳǰųȥϵ··һЩ飬ֻʣһЩƲǿס塣
һ֮Ҷ㿴ǰһĺһϿȣƿ֮ԽԽವһܽϿ֮С
һʱҴ󲿷ֵӶʼ߻ۣĽϿȰΧҶ㳤гҲӳȥ
ҽȥץ
۷߷һʮ߿ʼϿǰԼԼĲ
𣡡
Ҷ㲻һгϿ֮ͻȻһ޺˽ŲǰִȺаͷңǳİԳԼĪ׶ߣɫëƤ༫׶񣬲඼ҵʵǳǿ
ԳһŭǵأܵвҶ
ã
Ҷ󾪣ƥУವһԾһ֮ϣܿ˰Գĳ
Գںɽټһôۼһͷǳټⲻ֪Ѿ˰Գ伾ڣԶһñҶײ˽˰Գ䣬ܲŭ
ְԳÿһͷʮţ֮˺ǿ׳ֽͬ飬ǹ룬˺
ڰԳȺ֮УԶһʯ֮ϣһͷɫԳԳҪͨİԳ߳٣һɢ¡ླ绮֣ͷԳҲкҡ
վڴϵҶͻȻðһ⣬βҵðԳҵˣʱͿԽ˻ˡ
Ҷ㿴ҵ𽥿һ˿ı飬һȭһͷԳȥһ䣬ԾϿϷһѨԵȻĶѨҶͷˣǰԳסĵطЩԳһϣ뿪
Ͽ֮Уҵϸϸ˿֪в𽥿һٶͷԳ׷ŭˡ
ģ
һ߻ûзӦȻԼǰһ󶴣һͷԳվǰԳһźɫ࣬һ

߷һҽУ岻ֱ
ߵļע⣬ĽŲ˲٣ǰԳѽЩΧܶһ׶ߵӲݣԳȫ֪飬ȵӦʱΪʱ
һ޴սʼˣһ߲ʵڰԳС
ҿӰǰԳĶѨǶΧˡ
һ߾ʧ룬ȣҪϿȣһͷԳ˲ߵûˣֱӱ˺ѣһء
ҶʪĶѨ֮æӲݽѨڸסѨ룬һȻ壬ղŵ˿ڲԾĿʼϡ
ô
붴ѨʮʱҶŵ˾


11 
ѨԽԽղֻһ˽ȥ߽ʮ֮ɽͻȻߣҡ
Ȼ֮䣬һɾʮˣҶ·ȫëȫſ̰Щ
ӿٶȣǰһտĵشʮƽǰһεĳӣǴӳɢġ
һҶವһܵӱԵźɫҺ壬Ѫðݱɢȥˡ
Ѫ˪
ҶԺ֮ðôһʣһЩӼϾмأҺ״ѪҺʵǣһȻʯ飬һѪʯڻ֮󣬱ɵҺ壬ֻѪʯŻγɡ
̷֮ӹѪ˪壬ĵǹ룬ޡ
Ҷϳֿϲ֮ɫķˣ
ЩѪ˪γҵʵܿ
˫һЩѪ˪ȥˬˬʮָ˳Ҷﻬ棬ʱһС𣬱ɾŸ˲ա
˲䱩һֽһ
ϥ£ҶʱȥˣһѱأЩѪ˪Ƚʵ˵ȫǰԳҶҲܰȫ뿪簲
Ѫ˳ҶȽѪ̷ѪεһͻƺأѪ˪ȹ̾磬
ҶʵԽԽӴ˵һѪܰʮ깦ǻҶ㣬һ궼޷ﵽΪŸ
ʮ깦ƺؾȫԣһŰѪνҶĶ棬ʼľ
һһתøӴ׳ҲѪξصľ翪ʼɶҶӿеٶȣеʹҪѪεľ̫ǿˡ
صȱڻһʱʱ䣬ķһѪΣڽ忪ڷɿת֮͵ʮţ֮
ڲȵʮţ֮˺棬ԽԽҪԴӴ
ȹ֮Ҷûмǽһλö˳Ǵҵѹġ
屾似һŰڷڵϣҶһϸϸȥ
µСȭȷƣѦ츫Ӱ
ǰһ似Ҷ򵥵ķһ£ֻѦ츫Ӱм似ʵǿģֻҺĵӲ
ˣ
Ѧ츫Ӱ˳ҶһֱҶߣӰ֮󣬺ԥҪ
ΪʲôѡѦ츫ҶΪѦ츫еȭƣڰԵ似Ͼȭǲм似Ѧ츫һ似
ʱһȥҶɽѾȹʱ䣬ӰѾţѦ츫ʼСɾ̶죬Ҷܽм似־磬ľǹ˵ںϵ˻
ҶʾͲŸǳ͡
ߵӱԵһκ˴аңС·ðһһ˳ȫɢȥæ£ʼЩ
Ҷ㾪ķ֣ÿһЩѪ˪ǣǿһͿܸ
֮Ҷ㽫Ѧ츫ӰСɾѪ˪Ҳˮһ룬Խغ۷壬ֱؾ
Ѫ˪ȻǺãնˣѾ˺棬ԽԽС֮£Ҷֻϥ棬
ȫÿһë׷·ѵѹһʹҶ죬һ˿˿˳ë˳Щʡ
ʮţ֮
ʮţ֮

ʮţ֮
ʮţ֮
ûҶڿǺҲﲻʮţ֮ʮţҶ߸ʶ
󶨸˺۷壬ֻһ߾ܽҶʮˣȻԺأҲаһȭ
ѪѪ˪ĴҶ֪Լ뿪ˣɽʮң治֪ôˡ
ɫСӱ䣬ûзڴָ棬ΪҶ㲻֪дָ飬졣
ǿڵӲݣҶ˳ϿһƬǽ壬ԳʧˣֻʮֻͺӥϿһѾõʬϣʼʳ
ҵȫûˣ
ŵʮʬ壬Ҷ
ûͣҶ˳ʱ򣬳ѧԺٸȥ뿪Ҳʮʱˣвʮʱ䣬Ǽѡټ֮գϢȥ岮һΪѸףҶʮֽҪϢ壬øײڵġ
һʱ䣬ѧԺĽҶǰӿ˽ŲȽȥȡʯڸȡϵ
òȡҲڹýףרŸ˵ǼǣֻҪһɣȡʯ
ҶߵĵطӴһʮҵߡ
ɵ񣡡
ǩڵһ˳Ҷ㽻ȥ
Եȣ
ߺܿ飬˶֮óöʯڹ̨ϣһ񱨳ꡣ
ʯҶûжЩʯάһʱ䡣
˹ãҶ㳯ԼСԺȥճûһյʱ䣬ǰסȥ·
ʲô˼ΪҪסҵȥ·


12 ̰
뿪òãҶ㷢ǰסȥ·æȵ
Ȼ·ʮͬʱ߹Ҷúü֮һֱվǰȻ
ʯǿԿǷȥ
ҶöʯϢܿʹ˳ȥڵһʱյϢ֪һŵӻȡҶ˹õʱ򣬾͵
˶ŵӣʵں۷壬Ҷʵںɽɱʮˣضɱһˡ
ƾʲô
ҶŭֳӶᣬԣϡ
߷飬ԶٵӶҪʲô顣
ô£̰ôһŵӸˣ
ȻҶѾǺأһֱûüȥڴĻŵӷΣԴҶΪҶ㻹ŵӡ
Ͳ֪˰ɣҿ˵ˣСӵƼңƲʯʵ߹ҪƲʯ
һŵеĮ֪Ļ
ԭˣСӾȻ˾Ӣǰҿ˵ˣƲʯرСƼҵӣǹ˼ɾӢӵݣƲʯԼͳˡ
ƺˣԭҪʯǻӣҪƼҳͷĿġ
̸ܵҶ㾡۵ףйؼƼҾȻɳǶԸҶ㳹׷ŭȭͷ󣬹ǽڷ֮
кϷˣ֪ôʰСӣҿ˵ѾѧԺļ¼겻һȼԭ̤
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬뿴ôŰҶ㣬Ͼ˶ŵӣǺأȻԺأҲսʤĿܣҶ㲻һŵӡ
̸ܵҶ֪̰ΪסԼƼӣƼҾӢƲʯŭɳǳҶ㡣
콫ʯݹֵܲ
һ֮ɫһȭͷ
ߣʯϣͿûˡҶЦ
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СҪùˡ֪ɱ˲գۣһȭȥҪڴϼˣ˫֣ûͬ飬ֻ
ԶǺݺһȭҶ޶ãȭͷ룬ӰһλҶȭͷȥδǾͷһĲҽ屬ȥ

ǶʱһɱĲҽŶӶڵϣϰ
ô£ǲһȭ֮У
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Ųһ̤õѪ˪֮ӲȻԴǿ˳Ҷ㲻˷һȭҪ˿һ
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ǵٶϲ٣ҶƿǷ֮ɣڵ氧θǲࡣ
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һתӰһʩչҶӰӡ
꣡
ǵȭͷͣڰУҶסˡ

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Ҷڵﵽʮţ֮ͨĺҲʮţʮţ֮Ҷ㳬һûеŸֻǵһ
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˰Сַûжʽһоܷ˴ǣƺܿŵ𡣡
ۣܵҶȫˣߵǵߣһѹεʯҲкüöڴ֮ͥ£ҶȻôҴ۾Ҷһˣ²˼κκԵ
似ҶûãֻȡϵʯĿ֮£Ҷ뿪ԼСԺȥ
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ҶѾ뿪Զˣʱһ˹
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λʦܣҶ𣿡
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13 Ҷ
ҶҪ뿪˽סæͣӣһɻ֮ɫû˵Լ֡
ģһ޾ҽ㡣
öˣЩһֱѧԺ
꽫޾˳ҶС
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һҶ꣬ǰЩ뿪ѧԺһ꣬öʯҽ޾ؽ㣬һֻǾ֮ͣʹӦˡ
Ҷ֣Ҷ޾򿪣޾Ƥɣ̻ܿһЩ֣һ¼֮á
лʦ֣
Ҷóʮöʯ꣬ٳСԺȥΪ巢شˣҪϻȥ
صԺ棬Ҷټ𼸼·ٵıѧԺɱ
޾ϼ¼ݣҶļ٣ǰУһζ岮м峤ϣҪʱ򣬵ҶĸλǼûû塣
ҶҶСõĻ飬һ𳤴ðΣΪҶϢʱѾȥüˣӦþ죬ҶҪ֮ǰϻȥ
ѧԺƳǴмľ룬ȫ·ҲҪʱ䣬Ҷ㲻ܵˣӰʩչ˼£һ·֮ϣֻһӰӰٵˡ
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ҹ̣ڵڶʱҶ㿴˻ƳǵӰӣ˫鲻ҧǰ
ƳǲܴڿԴֻһСǣ˿һңҶڻƳҲмˣһ֮λȻһˣȻҶ㸸׵Ĵ֮٣Ǽڲвٲг
ҶռݻƳ֮һǧСССԺмǧ䣬ϵӾסڲ֧ĵӾסΧʱҶ죬һεļҲѡλ֮ʱ
ÿ꣬ҶҶһμλѡ٣һҶĸҶܲܲȥһδֻ֪дﵽ߳ɳͬſԡ
޴ĸ̨ȼ㣬̨ܴ˲С̨ӣΪ峤׼ģӶվܣϴ
һǳʥڣЩȥȱǵע֮£Ҳ飬Ҷѡӣÿһֻأⲻֵʱ
ܵѾС̨˺üҶҳϣֻмδ
һʱ䣬ҶҶ˻ߵ̨棬һ˼λϡ
˰ʱʱ䣬ˣѡʱ䣬ڼǧĵע֮£ŵʱ̼Ϊһβһͬ꣬Ҫ⻹Ҷ㲻üߣҶļ֮λڳ˭֣ǹؼڡ
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˾ǸߺһܾĵģϾÿ궼ᾭһΡ
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ʱһʮҵĸߴվҶĶ壬Ҷģ⼸ȽϷ⣬ӣһѾԺΪһԺӣһӣǴԺľӢӣҶҶ㸸׳ֵʱ򣬾ʹԣδεѣһҲûʲôˡ
˵
ʾҶ˵ȥ
λϣҶҽһУֻдҶҲܲ׳󣬵ǵһҶҳһķһǼ֮ӣڻƳѾΪһЦ飬Ҷ䲢ʺλá
ҶģȻƽ˼ʮʣΪҶ䲻ʺϼҶλá
ƨҸײʺλãҲֲ
һӰ·ڼ᳡м䡣
Ҷڼ뻹δʱ˻ÿһĻȻҶĶ壬޸飬ҶǵãԼ۸ΣÿζñˣҶĿ
ͻȻð˵ȫۼҶϣرҶĸףԼĺͻȻһ嵽Ҷǰ
ôˡ
ҶͻȻڼ壬ҶĸЩҭҶѾпûлˡ
ҵ֪ҪڼʱԸף˻Һûü
Ҷ㻷һȦּ뻹δһ


14 
Ҷ㳯ĸʩһ񣬽ų׹ݣվӸλһһʩ񶨸ڶҶĵϣղһǳҶ˵
֪ڸ˭˵𣡡
Ҷ䣬һȻҶ˵ɷƨҶܵҶɢɱ⡣
Ȼ֪֮λѾһˣҪô˻ҵĸףϼ֮λΪ˼û֪
Ҷ˿ܻ䣬ԳҶܸܵкüĿɨ˹Ҷĳ֣ôе㲻֪롣
˵ķһȻ治Գ˵Ļ֪ҶҼҷڣ
ҶĸҶһñӣΪҶһӦòҶѡ飬ѾΥ˼ҹ档
ЦղһȻңѵ˲վ𡣡
Ҷ㼥ЦһղҶĿڿ˵ҶһǼ֮ӣߣΪˣҶ㵱ȻȨվ˵
Ҷĸһֱ棬֮ܿϲΪҶʵѾ˺أĺ۽Щʪ󣬾ĿһС
Ȼ֪ǷͺãΪ⼸Ѽ͵͵ϳкβɡ
ҶԲأһǿƺɨҪҶ
޳ܣ
ҶŭһҪվҶߵĸ׳ˣУҶĸɢһ͵ĹâǿƷȥ
ףαظַһʶȻ˸ãÿ֤ڼ˼쵼Ҷҡ
һʮ˾Ⱥ˳˽ҶҶĵĴӣԺľӢӣҲڼ壬ʱվ˳ż֮ɫ
Ҷô˵õܣ
Ҷĸ״ŭҶȻôڮҶ㣬˪ΪҶе֡
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Ҷ֣ʮֿ࣬ϲһ󵶣һ׳˫ޡ
󵨣
Ҷģ̵ĺö𡣡
Ҷĸ׺ǳ⣬ǳһˣȻҶĸ׸ҶңЩΪҶҲ޷ǾȻڮ٣Ҷðɱ
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Ҷ˫۱ͨ죬·һͷѪޣȭͷģʱҪ˺ҶڮԣڮĸףļˣҶۣ˭Ҳ¡
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Ѿͷʺ򣬺ôЩΪ˼帶˶٣ǲм侮ʯ
ΪҲ¸ĸ裬ĸˣ˵Ҷʩһ񣬡ǽգȻð棬ҲҪǵõӦ
Ҷϣټļ㳡ص˼ԣҪɱˡ
ȻˣҵҪʲôô˵
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ѧԺľӢӣҲǺأҶʲﵽ˺ؾʵǳһЦ·𿴵Ҷ㱻ɵľ
ҶվһЦȲҪҶ㱻ˣӡ
ģ
һǿҵײŹͷײѵѪӰӼٷֿ
䣡
ҶҶ˻ȭͷһӡǣֹͷһЩѷ죬Ҷ㱻ɵľδ֣Ҷˡ
ôܣҶҶ֮Уһȭˣܴ֮ӶΧҪս
ڿ˵ǷҵһȭӲ£˭ǷһĿȻ
һȭ˶֣Ҷ㲻һҶֱС
СӣҪſ񣬳һ
Ҷϴ󵶣һɵ֣пҶѹȹݺᣬƴԿɽʯǿһ硣
ѣö½ǣһǿ͸壬ֱ񷡣
ķѣ
ȭţƳ֣ȭͷƲҲʩչǿʽȭȻȱҶСɾ޴һʩչʮȭ


15 ݿ
Ҷչʾʵܵˣ̶ʱ䣬Ҷһ˺أ˵Ǻܿ죬ŸűٶȾˡ
ȫ벻Ҷֻһµʱ䣬ͻƣһжʣվѪ
㾹ȻҪȭͷֵҵĴ󵶣ԼԹˣҲ롣ҶһЦӿٶȣȻ¡
ҶЦҶ㲻ɫޱ飬˫ȭɽһ򷨡
䣡
һ޴ı죬Ҷȭͷӡ˺صĵϣ˾޴ˣϯܡ
ʱˣҶӦñն˫֣־δ֣෴Ҷ˫һ㣬ֱƿ󵶣Ҷײȥ
Ǵֽһ㣬Ҷݿ飬״ȭͷҶϣõѪ˪̶֮ʮʱ䣬Ҷһ㣬ǡ
Ҳʮţʮţ֮ҶȻнӽʮţ֮ҶѴﵽʮţ֮ڵŸһɽҲܱҶ顣
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ڶȭһȭʵʵӡҶ棬ĹͷҶҵϿջصļëȻ

Ҷ屻ɳȥߵķݣһߣԶԶɳȥرɣǱ˳ɣ˱Ľ˭Ҳ޷뵽
ֽסҶ壬Ҷ˫ĿŭһҶ壬ҶһƬ꣬ŭǣҶﱻ飬ӴԺֻһͨˡ
Ҫɱ㣡
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ҶڿնһŭҶľȻ֮ΣԴСҪѾˡ
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Ҷս׼ҶɲǼ䣬ҶͲ²⵽ˣҶһ֡
ӰҶȫ֣صʵ˲䱬ץҶļ򣬻Ϊצһ̯ץ˺ѿץʵҶֱֻֻµҪˡ
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Ҷʱŵһ̤̤ӰһˣһӺƴµľҶĵĽŲһ͡
Ҷĵצ缸ҪץޱȣնҲһҶѡ
ȣҶһƵ˾·ҶĿµ
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ĸܵĿ̵ƤۣâѾһЩγӰֻе˺أΣҶѾƤë
Ҷ䶯磬˸ӡҶյܿҶǿƣ嵹˳ȥ࣬һ١
ҪͻȻһȣҶ
һֻδҶĺȥһ׳ƣΣգѹ
Ҷ˫̽ӭȥ֪Ҷˣҵ
䣡
һɿµʮ׵ľӣһըӱɿµˡ
Ҷ˼ÿһڵ϶ܲȳĽӡŽղŴƵȥɫ죬ؿھҶ仹кܴһβࡣ
һӰ䵽ҶĸҶ֮䣬ȷǷĿ࣬ҶҶ䡣
ֵܿĵס˺һܳ϶˵۷壬쾳Ҷڼ岻
Ҷ䣬ѵҪķ𣿡ҶĴȵ
Ц˭Ƿﻹüȥ𣿡ҶЦһ
Ǵ㲻СˣĿ֮£꣬ˣҹ棬ռҹ棬ӦôԼ̡
ҶĽҹ˳ҶҶɱûʲôֹӴ򶷣رˡ
ôñӣѵѴҶϹ𣬸ղҶȳֻ֣Ҷµ֣ҲͻҶ֣֮ʱΪβֹ
Ҷ˵ˣϴЦԼ˵ҶҲǾȡϾȡ


16 س
ҶᣬҶκλᡣ
øСӣҶ˫ĿĶҶ˵
˵˻һǴѧԺӢӣ֪һӢӵļֵ𣬽лԺӴԺҶֻԽԽǿʢ
ѵ˵ҲдӦñ裬ֲܻɣӵһû˵Ҷּҹ档Ҷ㷴༥
ңҲŵӣҲ㾫ӢӣһжӲסһˣķ˵ѧԺҶҶһץһѣڷ˸ãԴҲһ˷ѡ
Ҷϣ˵
˿ʼ˽Ҷĳ֣ȷʵ˵˼άһлҶôԽܣһμ֮λǷҶĪˡ
ҶղһȻһܽ£ڼ֮УûмɡȺ˿ʼ̸ۡ
һֱ޵ˣҿض޷¡һ˵

ˣ鵽˽ҶǲǴҹˣݺ飬ѡ
˵ˣ浽ֵĵزλȫû뵽ֻȻ֮ĶԹ
ҶصλϣҶѾ뿪վҶߣʮֳƣаͬҶѡһμѡĻҶǷ񴥷ҹ棬ûȥעˣֻҪҶ䣬û˸ҶҶ㡣
صסԺӣҶ㰲ĵڼʱ䣬ĸһ˼ԲӣѧԺڱȵԽԽڴ֮ǰŵӡ
ףĸףҪ뿪ˣԼأ
Ƴ⣬Ҷ㹧ĳĸ˵Ҫ뿪ƳǻصѧԺѧҵҪ׼ԺֻԺá
ԺһжҪСģҪı󶯣çײҿҪǰǿˣΪܸģʱ
ҶҶļĳ˵
ǣʱһ˫ס
ʱ䲻ˣϿ·ɡ
ҶһҶһХӰʧǰҶĸĨһ۾᲻Ծ
ֻ÷ҪĬĬ֧УǵºǻɳԶ᳤󡣡Ҷ佫§ڻҶʧķ
·ϣҶ㵹Ǻż˽Ų;ķ羰ǰһСӣʱҴҶһҶЪϢһ㾫·
ӲǺܴ󣬴һûж̣סһЩͨˣ󲿷ֶص֮䣬ҪԴǸɽɱһЩͼޣȡһЩԴάơ
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סŮ˺ѷεĽױһ߷ɣʼ
͹٣ҪĶáСµСˣҶǰ
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Сε̾Ϣһ
дȻ顣ҶʮŭԾǸΪ˼ɢ
͹٣㲻Ҫ£ԷǳаԵûĶ֣ҿ˵ǺʲôѧԺĵӣЩͨҵ
ԼŮ˳ŽֵǰȥԶһЩ
Сӣ˭ΪҪסȥ·ԿǰͻȻֵһ꣬


17 
ǰͻȻһסԵȥ·Щ·˼Զܶסԣʼۼ
ѧԺĵӣ
סԵҶ㣬Ա䡣
Сӣеֵ֪ܼѧԺˡ
ûѧԺŵӣȻ֪ҹ
¶ƵݣʮԼݣЩηľСаԵüˣҶǱֲܿҵԡ
ǾȻѧԺͷ۸Сʦô̵ǵ𡣡Ҷ
ôֲѵڲÿݹǲ
Ҷѵ⣬¶׶˫ð׹⣬ȫͷ·ʾһ㡣
ǷʯˣҶ㿴ˣȻ½ǿΪǿʳŷǴַ򣬲Ȼˣԡ
ܻ𣬸ϽҹȻֵܾͲˡе㲻ͷˡ
Ҷ޶ԣɫʮƽûŲһ紵ϵĿҶڿҶһ̣һ˳ˣһȭҶš
¡¡
ԲŵӣкؾϿģﵽʮţ֮ʮǿȭͷѹ£񱩵ƺХ
ȭͷĦ˿˿죬ܵ¶ȶȻȣһȭʱֵζ
޾ȭ罫ҶҪҶѣȴҶһŵһ̤γǰȥһķȭ˲䱻߽⣬һֱ̤Եǰ
ڤ粻飡ҶЦһһȭ
飡ƽһУȴѴݿķʽһȭ˶Էؿ֮ϡ
ۣѪӿҲɺüţ嵹ɳȥһĻߣݺݵĵڵϣҶһȭ֮С
㡭ʣ˲ţҶһɼɵ
һϣ
ղűɵҶ㲢δˣϾѧԺĵӣҶ㻹Ǵ֮ͬ꣬ǶԷôΪ˳һҶ㹥
ֳ䵶ͬʱҶŭֱƿһֵܿˣ񱩵ĵʮ
ݺύ᳤磬ƺҶÿһռ䣬޿ɱܣУķѡ
ǣҶŵµʯѿ絯ȥڵһǡ

һĽҶһ̧һȭһ䵶ϣ˶Ҷɳȥһ˿Ѻۡ
˻ܴһȻҲˣСӵǿҪͨҪӲǵûбɵҼлХ
ѵ
һܣ㿪ĹһȭҲɳȥһɺѪ
Ӱһλʩչһ˵ҽ̧𣬳һ˺ݺݵ̤ȥһӦһһʺĶҶ߷ɳȥ
䣡ӡ˵ϣ˳͹Զ
ԱҶΣܵ˴ģȻˣҲұ¶
˼ѵĴӵɫĿ£һѪɱǺĴȻѧԺţҲǰʮձ˴ĹʺɱԽԽŨ
໥һۣ¶һ˿ɫֳȥ
ãֽʱҶʶ˲Ȼ뻳һ̣һ֣ʧ

ϴһҽղŻڿֵļʮһز𣬿ʼ鴤ҽ˫ץӣһЩѪⱻץ
鶾
һ־綾뵽棬ѪƤạ̃˺壬ʹ˺ӣӶץ˳ʮֲ̡
뻳һ̣Ҷס˺֣ವһʧԭأ뿪˺Χ޹˾Ͳˡ
ŵżʮʬ壬ҶɫɢɱԾȻ˲̣˵޶Ҳɱ飬ӦʱҲ֮֡
Ҷܶһ˿壬ΪҶ㻺ÿһϴһƴԵͷϡ
ǸҶܶסܵĿռ䣬̹ǵĺ⳯Աӿȥ
ҶԭֻһԺһЩȴû뵽ɱ޹
ǿѧԺĵӣ㾹ȻҶǳ֣ѵͲѧԺ鷳Ȱ㻹ǲҪ¡
е£ϣҶ˼ѧԺͷ


18 
е㺦£ҶɢѪĹâһ
ѧԺĵӣֱѧԺͷ
ģҶо屩ԽԽأҪȥ˺ѣһ¸ѵ촽ҶҪѪ
ҶҪɱǣһݣ˳䵶£һ𣬽ҶΧһ
Цһŭ䵶Ҷ㲻ܣһצһֱץס
꣡
һѪɢϣ첲ҶץΪ౻Ҷ˳ȥָϵָ׷·ʮץӵ棬Ѫӿ˳ֱ۽Ҷ档
ղŻͣҲһʱ䣬ʣƤͷȫҶ˽ȥŸ棬Ϊʴ
ͬҶУ״ңʣһ£ŲһͣٶϺܶ࣬䵶µٶȸı˷ҶѾɱۣɺɫʮָΪצץ¡
ģ
Ҳӿǰ󶴣ȫţҶһȭ򴩣˳оѪ
۵
һŵ䵶ˣתܣҶпɱַ˵ÿһȥûһ壬Ƕϸ첲ȣͱ壬ľⲻˣħֻħ
Һܵ˶ˣû˿ҶпɱַȻлˣ͹Ŷڼ
ֻŮڵϣʱҲԹȥˡ
һҪߣҶ뿪ӰʩչΪһ⣬ವһһ˺󱳴ʮָ֮С
ǣ
һ˺һķѣҶ㽫֫ˣֻ֫ɢ䣬˿һ壬ֻ⡣
ɱ֮Ҷ˫ۿʼָԭ״ղɱ˵ʱҶȫѵģǿƲסֻ˺ǣ̻ǵľѪ
ϻָƽ򶷽һЩ˿ʼ֣Ŵ򿪣˸˵ƣԺС̫ƽˡ
ǿϼʮʬ壬ֳĬˣʼĬĬʰһС
ղŻǻԵŮ˹һ鳯ȥ˽׵ĻŮʹ顣
ˣûˣ
Ůļ
Ҷûмǣȥʱȫûˡ
ˣһݣ
Ů˹ڵϳҶһͷҶûлͷӰӻʧ
һ֮ҶӰӳѧԺɽǰ̨ףѧԺȥ
;֮ϣвٵ³Ҷǰ棬ϾмѧԺŴȵӣʱһ
ѧԺȼʮϸ񣬾ӢֻһˣȻﵽ˺أҲһܽӢӣΨһİ취ս
ÿһŴȣǰлսӢӣӮˣȡԷλãˣȻŵӣʤ̭
ҶҪ飬ȰԼŵӣÿѧԺ̭һѧԱڲֻܱܽɨسţµĵ滻ʮֲпᡣ
ӵĵطҲڹãƥ͵רŻĵطҶڹǰһΪǵĹϵҶеҲãΪǣƲʯʮŭ˵δѾԸ˰зҶ㡣
ԣҶڹõʱ򣬴ҿ񣬶һɫ
ŵӵġĴڣһҶľ磬һóһöƣһŵӵķΣһЩʯʮּ򵥡
ûܵҶ·һл뿪ãչؼʱ䣬ȡͻأлӢӣܲμԺĿˡ
ο뾫ӢӣԴҲһʲƵ룬Ųͬն
ÿһŴȣзĽһŴȶҶ˵ǳҪһҪΪӢС
ʱһȥĽӽŴȵʱ䡣
һƬ֮Уһһ໥Գ֣ȴͷǻð棬ϻм˺ۣʲôƤԭƯĺɫëƤ䣬̬Щήңȫһͷ۷˼ޡ
նӰһȣоµС𣬸ӡ죬ŵӰѹ£ȫס˻ŲڵĿռ䡣
ǸֻܲŸӡ£նϣ˲䱻һΪ
Ҷջظӣָײǵ棬ղŻǻɫڵתۼͱɰɫȫʧݱ浽Ҷ档
û뵽ͷڽ˺أһʩչŵӡĸһսɱ֮ҶĴ


19 
⼸죬Ҷÿ춼ɱжȹһն£ŵӰӰΣܽԲʮ׿ռȫ֣ôܶ޷ܿᱻӡС
ҲΪʲôƵĻǶ޷ܿҶĹֻž޸¡
ȻǺأɽһǰĴڣǿȻԭģǻٶ죬óһصҲ޷ܣֻٶȻǿ̫࣬׷ɱǡ
ҪѣҶҪɱҲǳ֮ѣҪǻǿҶֻкңʼʱ˶֣Ҷץ˻ᣬɵѦ츫Կ£һͷг·
ʱ䣬Ҷ㽫Ѧ츫зȭɾһĶǿɱ
ҶҲ޼似̰õĵ̫࣬κһ޷ﵽ۷壬ǷȭѦ츫֮޴ûбҪ似
Ȼʱ䲻ɱޣӶǵľҶʵԽԽ󣬾ŸʮֲֿҶ
Ҷһ£ЩɱڵȥҲֵһöʯ֣ҶеľʵԺҪӴ
ʷ·һɵĻһУʯ޵ľѪ޵ͳͳգ
ôԶ׼ģҶʵﵽһǰδеĵزﵽ˾ʮţ֮ѾӽؾҶҲһʱ䣬Ȼֵزȫġ
ûչʣûѪ˪ҶҲ޷ӴһԽʢöȻҲԽࡣ
ʱˣŴӦÿҪʼˡ
ǵëƤѧԺȥԶҶһ̶꣬һʱ䣬пǧ
ӵѪʣѾѧԺصˣһʱ䣬ӺأٶѧԺҲ˵ûС
ϢѧԺ֪һˣһ֮ǰǲķһ֮սʤӢӣֲ࣬ҶԼо
Ҷûżȥȥһ˹ãһɱޣȻûˣЩƤҲܻȡһЩʯ
ЩƤһȡʯһЩܻȡ١
Ҷ㽫óʮŵëƤǺңһŴܻȡʮöһöȡ
ħֵܼʮʯǰԳʮʯһ𣬱֣˻ǵϣƺе⡣
ƤҼֵһʯ߱һ֡
ƤʮůܵԲôߵʯλ
ɽҶûκԥЩƤһ߰öʯȻ࣬Ҳռˡ
õʯԺҶûͣʵЩҶҲõȥȻǮԸһЩȽ鷳ֱӹ׸ѧԺ
ҶҪȥμһŴȣֻбܲμӣϾŵҲкüǧˣ˶μӡ
һβμӵ˴ڼҰɣֻʵǰлȡúõΣĵطһɽ壬Ѿ˿ʼˡ
ǰ泤Ķ飬ҶҲżаʱңֵ

¼βμڱȵļ¼Աʵ
Ҷ㣡
ˣμӼɣ
뿪ȺҶ㳯ԼԺȥϢһ죬׼
ۣ
Ҷײһɽһ㣬һı峯ʮǰһߴӰɽ
Ҷ㣿
ͭĴɤ𣬼ٵĿͬʱ߻۹
ҾǣҶʶӣʮ꣬ųŵӵڶˣʵѴﵽ۷壬ȥ걻˴ӾӢ̭ٴαŵӡ
ܺã㾹ȻҲμŴȣһȥ㣬ȻμˣҾͲöһ٣Ҫࡣ
Ҷ¶һ˿ɱԵ޹ʵıвҶ񲻼ǵʲôʱΪҪڱȵʱ
ôתСӸˣ
һЩ˲˽⣬ƺǵӢӣΪҪвһŽõŵӡ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ֪ǵ𣿡
ƺ֪ΪҶ㣬صЦݣķչ
˵֮Ŀʼȼ𣬲˶֪Ļ
̰һĵܵܣǰòűСӱһ٣ͷųֻҪһͻ˭֪СӱμڱȣӶˡ


20 һ
Ȼˣҷ㵽ף
Ҷ͸һ䣬Ǹֳһ˿Ц
ܺãй
ûﶯ֣ÿһͨҶȥ
صԺ֮Ҷϥϣһ޷Ҷ𵽱仯ֻ·ϵ̤ʯѣĿ쾳綼뿪
һҹʱܿȥѧԺֵһһŵӴȵӣǰ彫ʸսӢӣӶȡӢӵݡ
ӢҪסԼݣҪϾֻһЩֻƴ࣬ÿһαսĶʵ͵ľӢӡ
·Ҷ㻻ŵӷΣСӲϣһݣ䳡ȥ
ȵ䳡ʱѾɽ˺Ҷ㼷Ⱥȥ󲿷ֶǹۿĵӡ
䳡мڳһܴмѵˣĹܼ򵥣ǩʽ鵽ԼһǶ֡
ʱ쵽ˣѧԺĸ߲㿪ʼ֣ӵ̨֮ϣලһεĴȡ
پӢѵʮֹעһεڱȣŵһĽ֮ɫһʲôʱ򼷽ţлΪӢӣԺ
ҶܸܵѧԺֵ߲һ̣˶һıԼֳɫĳʦУΪҲǲܣܾټԺ
ҶʮӰ֮п赼ʦҶ˵ͷʾΪ֪ͣҶҲμŴȣ˰죬ϲ
䳡ռؼ󣬰а̨һȥ̭һˣʮּҡ
Ҷ㳯ʮ̨ȥеǩϱǵʮš
治ңͲŰˣǰ̭ҲΪһ¡
Ҷ̨ʱ򣬶˵ˡ
ܸʦֽҵҡҶĵһֽƣŵŽǰʮңʵǿҡ
һƿǳǰģڱصãһҶ㣬϶Ҫȡÿź졣
ְɣƳֿȭûȳֵĴ㡣
ˣҶԾûж似򵥵һȭֻп񱩵˿ѳһȱڣȭͷХ
Ҷչֳƴ󾪣һ˿𾪣͹ҶʵһһƺУʮţ֮ʮǿ
飡
һǿХһ磬ֲӰһӰӴӻҳ汬˳ȥ̨
ôܣƾȻСһȭ֮СƵ̨ıԵʤѾֳҶԷӣûһȭɡ
һͨ죬Ҷ㱧һȭ뿪̨һҶʤһܶ֡
һܿһٶ˲̭ܿеڶ֣ضٿʣĴ󲿷ֶظ֮䡣
һǩдʮţҶ㳯ʮ̨ȥ
СӵùˣһȻչкϷˡܴһ֮ҶĶ
ҶлչϣΪʮֺѾкüŵӱУڻˣûһض޷ָʮֲ̣ҶչķŵУչΪ˲пᣬҶ֪
ܲңҪҷȡҶ̨һһĸߴ꣬һЦ
ðԵҶЦ
Եþûô˵ˣ̨ϴһЦչЦ
ڰԵҲǱ˵һֻ߹ѣҿҧҶЦȻ֪չܵƲʯָʹ̨ϷԼ
Сӣ㲻ģҲҪһȣҪȫչЦһ£ֻҪڸҿһٸͷҿֻһȡ
ƾ㣡ҶЦһһԾϡ
Ȼ˱˵ĺôҪҵȣҾʳ
Сӣҳ֣һУһоܽУչЦһ
վ̨ԵжԶ̸ţ·ûһֱ˱ʼ˿ʼһ
䣬չڵһ㵯ȻӴ󣬵ٶȴޱȣҶ
ȻſޱȣʵȴʵʵģȻûҶ죬ǿﵽʮţ֮գۼ͵Ҷǰ
Цչſ֣·ҪҶԴš
赼ʦҿ˵ʮֿСӣʲô赼ʦߵһʦʵ
ܼ򵥣ŬЩŬҿнĳɾͣĶԼŬֻǱȽԸˡ
赼ʦʮοദҶҲЩ飬ʱڲһһ죬̸˵ء
ĶֿɲöԸչΪ˲бĺҪսˣһοС׶༪ٰʦ˵
޷ʶʶҲԺ赼ʦȻô˵ĶҶϣϣҶľϲ
ģҶһ̽ݺݵĶչĴ֣˫ײֱӷ˾޴
Ҷ˿˫վԭأչʵں۷壬ȻǺҲһս֮һúسҲΪҶһȭȻ޷
ôܣչ˫ۣҶεվԭأ۵Ĳ˼飬ţǺسһȭҲܣҶȻ˿δ
¡¡
һҶ㳷ȭͷһȭѸײڶ֮ƣƺƵڣһչؿϣ߸ûзӦʱ䡣
飡
չһҶķɣһɺѪȫͷǵһѿֱӳ̨ȥ
ʲôôܣ
ֳһƬȻ


21 
ȫΪ֮Ȼ˶עⳡȶԼ˫ۣԾȫվԭǶΪչһлҶ㣬Ȼ޷ֵҶһУͱɳȥ֪
ףУһʹˣ
ұ죡ܵĺ˵˲֪ǿҶƾԼʵδʹʲôС
ⳡҶʤ˽һ֡
׳գҶ̨ЩղŴСеһ䣬Щ˸չʮҪãղҪ̨ҺòѹסˣҶʮ
ҶףչֻСޣĻֻûг֣۽ǳӢƲȥһɱ˹Ҷ˲䲶׽Ӱӡ
ƲʯҶ˲ϳˣղɱǴƲʯɢģҶЦһűĵĿ⣬תӳǩȥ׼
ûҶ̫ãҶһµ꣬Ҳʮ꣬һ»ϴŸ֮߰ɫ
Ҷ㣬ָ̣Ҷ
»꿴Ҷ㵭˵㻹Ͷɣ㲻ҵĶ֡ʮưȻҪҶͶ
ʱ̨ܴһ֮ϳ
ȻǮ޵УǮ޵ǰǵõ˵һ׸߼似һƣΪ˵ãȥŴȵʱͻǰʮʸ񣬽һЩӴǱͷܣͼǰ壬һʦΪŵӣһһιǳǰġ
ܵǮ޵ЦݸʢȷʵǳǰģֻǰʸսӢӡ
ѹô߰ҶҲ򵥣ûղһȭչչŵпǰʮĴڰһҲһ
Ǯ޵ϴЦҪΪһȭչҵĶ֣չһֻһѡ
ٷϻְɣҶ˵
ҲƣǮ޵дһϳӴƣһͺϢɢ̨һ׶ޡ
ȭͷ֮ǽȭɾףñȭͷ۳һ׵磬Ҷ
䣡Ǯ޵еĽŵ·һ죬ʯѿӰʧһȭ͵Ҷǰ
׻ڣ
һ̣Ǯ޵з·һ񣬴ɺɷХ
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ҵʦȥʱǮ޵оʹǰʮ㿪ѧԺļ¼ȥ꣬һͻͽҲܽǰˡ
Ǯ޵мѧԺҲһʱ䣬ͳŵǰʮͲһ㴴һ¼
޵лСҪ϶һҲʶʶˣǰ嶼ѧԺֲԺ֪ߵغ񡣡
ҵʦȻе࣬ȴڸǲЦԵãأ޵Ҫǰ壬Ӧǰ϶飬һ˲Ķ֡
˵ҵʦ赼ʦ˹ȥһ˿ƣѧԺϵһֱã赼ʦҶϵǳҲǮ޵дһϳҶ㡣
˵δ˰ɣ赼ʦȻ֪ҵʦǴŵΪ⡣
Ȼ䣬̨ܷ󾪺˸̨ϵ̸ۡ
ȴҶ磬ʱӰʧӰʩչ۷壬ɵӰҶӰֻʣһģӰӡ
Ǯ޵еȭͷҶӰ֮д˹ȥ޷סŲ峯ǰһԽʶ˲
ãǮ޵ио󱳷һӼǺð˳
ķӦ̫ˣҶǮ޵еһӡĺϡ
飡
Ǯ޵лûзӦ˳ȥҶһķɣҶҲûֻǽɣʶȤ䣬ҶҲˣȻκˡ
ۿⳡȶĵִ۾ĸоһУҶͽǮ޵лܣֲ޷ܡ
Ǯ޵еðһɱΪҶһнˣ·Խ˲𣬳ϵĳһĽ
ҶŭѾԷӣǮ޵оȻһңҪսȻһŸ߼似ѩ
̨ϵĵҵʦɫƺҲû뵽ĽԼͽһоͱҶˣڷ𳤽Ҷ㣬ܴ
Ǯ޵еڶιҶһ˿ɱ̫ҶҲӣ
Ҷϵ˲˺۷壬¡¡ǫ̃̄ϻص
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ʮţ֮
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ʮţ֮
Ҷʮţ֮ʱֳˣٶȼ죬һӰ
Ȼ㲻ʶôһķѣҶһն𣬻ΪŵӰӣֱռǮ޵ܡ
㾹ȻֵֵҵĳҾն˫֣ӴֻˡǮ޵ĴЦ̨Ͼþûصն·ռ䡣
Ҷ˫ȭ紸ֱֱȥѹˣ֮
䣡
һ޴ı죬Ҷ˫ӡ˳ϣ˾޴ˡ
ʱ˶ˣӦҶ㱻ն˫ۣˣΪȣǱӲǮ޵еĳֽһ㣬Ҷ֮£ԴݿķʽΪ飬̨ÿһ䣬
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Ǯ޵ԭҪһɱҶ㣬û뵽ҶһȭҶȫѹԶ̫ࡣ
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22 
ҶһܹۿĵͶˣŴ˫Ŀһɲ֮ɫҶ㣬Ȼôײ̷ʦ
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ĸӡҴţ̵ֵܿĵƤۡ
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23 ùھ
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24 ŰƲʯ
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25 
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֮£Ҷ㽫ȫóһſžΪԪҶ棬ڲ˲ڣڳ
ҩڼټ٣ʯʧֻʣһѷĩҶ˿ûκϧʵĿʮãöĴҶľ綨۷塣
һʱȥˣҶ˫ĿɢȫգԼȫһˣҶЦһվӣľͰУϵࡣ
һʱղŻǳˮѱɺˮҶվӣϸˣƤ渲һĤʷ˷츲صı仯͸һɸ߹ʡ
·ҶԺߵޱʯǰ棬һֲʯͷʮأ滹п̶ȣһ֮
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Ժ﷢һըһʯƾѣȫΪ촷ۣһʯۣҶȭ
ӽԲķȭȻǿ󡢰Ե
Ҷûм»ԺӣѦ츫ԺӺѱֹֻͣ
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̤ãӣǽڣŲͬһҶߵ߼棬ѾкüվҲѡ񣬿˹˻ͷҶ㿴˹
СʦܣҲǹȡ𣿡һ֣Ҷоһ˱Ƕܿ죬һʮŮǰ
ʦ㣡ˣҶ㲢İǾӢڶңҲڹãҶ㣬æ忿˹һ嶼ҪҶϡ
ңվҶߣƺҪҶüͷ΢壬֪ң˳ԣе㷴УŲһ¡
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ˣܲٵͬʱһҺ˫ֱңزŲҶ޶ãͣǩϡ
ʦܣŴǳ˷ͷʦԵĽ
ңֿ˹ʮġ
ʦˣʦֻǽҶѣҶûлͷȻǽϵ˿һԷֵң
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˺һҶתӣȥڵǼǣȫһԵңˣĺֱŽţҶ̫ûȤˡ
Ǽ֮Ҷ뿪ãȥһεǰһ̻һɽɼһЩҩݣܿƼ򵥣ǱȴǳĸߣֻҪܰȫɼҩ˻ͻÿ˿Եõһǧöʯߵһ
С˼Ȼʦ㣬治ϧ񣡡Ҷ뿪ңҶ뿪֮ҲĹĵˣһǰˡ


26 ѧԺ֮
ٵϣһһƥٳ۳ңһ꣬ʮӣģȽϿΣ仹һӣ뿪ѧԺҶ㣬һĿǨǡ
·ǨǳУ޴ĳǳ͸һΡ룬ҪҶסĻƳǴ࣬ϾƳСǣǨǧ˿ڣ߻ӡ
УǩϵָʾУȥ
ǳ¼𣿡
¼ҴԺ棬һǣŴʵ
ûǳ¼ңŵĴ󺺻ҶʳڣһǴӣҲҵ
õ֮Ҷʷ˷츲صı仯˫˸⣬͸һ䣬·غǿգʮ峺
ǩǹμġҶ˵⡣
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˵ҽҶ㿴˹ɻҲ˴ųϾڳһںϣûҶ㣬ǽĿУʮ໥֡
Сӣ㻹ǹ¼ҵǴѧԺˣѧԺϽ
ˣһѧԺķװһѧԺװղ˵ǴѧԺӣ֮ɫ
ЦùӦǴѧԺѧԺӺȥ
ȻˣҾͰѧԺ߳¼ңѧԺһһȭޱȡ
Ҷ֪ȥѧԺк޳ѧԺӽĲ
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ܼ򵥣˫񣬱ϾʮַѧԺӢһֻ쵽öʯԣ˵һʱ
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˵ѧԺٲߣһӣ޳ʮţѧԺϺɨһۡ
㣡һվ˳ʵں۷塣
ڤ粻飬ȻˣҾ棬ѧԺ֪ǴѧԺǿ󣡡޳һ䣬һȭֱֱɨҶһ
ȻǺأҶ˲俴͸޳ʵ磬ȻĽʵӲҶ˫ۡ
ȻغϣѧԺҲɳȥڵϣѪ
੣һȺݰǱﶪˣϽҹ
û˵ѧԺǱߴżЦݣʼЦ
˴Ҫ֣ߵ˻ȥҲŰĶ֡
ӶͷȭͷģôˣͷСǶѧԺͷһȥͻ˻˳ЦֻҶޱ飬һ̩Ȼ֮ɫ
޳ϺɨһۣĿⶨҶϣΪҶŲм
СӣҹʲôʱѧԺδɵëСӶˡ޳ȳ⣬Ȼ˵ҶδɵëСӡ

ֳһЦ߰ѧԺĵͬʱЦ
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˵žͷţΪ˭Ҷɱˣŭ˵ӡ
ѧԺ߼ʮֽҶһסѧԺĵӣ˵ĺϳҶݣΪҶ̷֮󣬶̫ˡ
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һ䵶Ҫֳ䵶귢ָһʹ嵹ɳȥ
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תʩչѧԺһŸ߼似ʮ˽һҪһǿ󣬴һʮ˽һ޴
ӽԲӰҶӰںδڴѧԺ֮С
ģ
һӶܲȻҶһȭɳȥѪ䣬һѪꡣ
СӣֵͲҪ㣡
Ҷ㲻ܣϸ潻棬ˣ޳ŭˣʩչĸӿ٣꣬ڰŽҶϣžž
ãһ´ѧԺľѧ
Ҷˣٶܣһȭȥȭͷڿз¡¡ƺռ䡣


27 ʬ
ѧԺˣҶ㲻ٶܣһȭ˹ȥ
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ķѣ
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ֲһƿվĴ鲻Խһÿ˵ĳ
飡
޳屻˳ȥ׷ڿУгڿлһԲ䵽˺޳С
ͷɢѪָأɢѪ⣬ŭҶ㣬޲ܺѪʳ⡣
Сӣ˭Ҳδ˵ѧԺʲôʱôš
޳䣬ҶһƵĽ߽ҫǼ֮в֪ѧԺʲôʱôţҲʮ꣬أһƵصĹơ
ڱȹھҶ㡯Щ߹֪ġ
ѧԺ߷ˣʼҶΪǳһڶȻһᱻѧԺ衣
ԭˣСӣȷʵ͹ˣղһʱ⣬͵Ϯûôõ
޳ɱɢΪҶղ͵ϮȻƵĽָҶ㣬佣֣ĿĽи֨֨졣
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ʮ˵Ӱ޳ʮ˽ʩչγʮ˹ˣֱҶȫСѨ߼似Ȼһ仯ӷĽǶҲꡣ
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һʮȭнʧһҵĦҶٶȴﵽĦĳ̶ȣһȭӴ󣬸ӿ񱩡
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һѧԺ߸ǴѧԺֻ粻ӦһûС
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λӭ¼ңض֪Ϊζģʱ䲻ˣǲ羡֪Ρ
һʮҵߴӺ˳һһŮǶʮ꣬ĶŮеӢˣŮӢˬû뵽Ծҵĳ¼һôһԶŮΪںңʮɻ
Ϊҽһ£λȮӸŮǲʶشҶ֪ɣǶȵľӢӣԺǿԶ׽׽
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Ҷʦ֣ˮ㽫ͿĨϣԤ档
һʮȻƺҶΪʦ֣½ûֻ֣֮ʵߵͣƺҶΪʦҲ
лˣ
ӹˮҶһлһγȷʵû뵽ǲȫˮĨ֮ЩԶԶ뿪塣
Ҷʦ֣ҪСĴѧԺЩˣҸղŸоһֱɱܻڰѵ
֪ҶǲҲɱǡҶ֪ܲ
һ˴мʱңǰͻȻһƬأ滨ŭţɢŵ
ѩݣһϡҩÿһֵڼöʯϣƳɵҩֵԼٱٶߵΪҶ͡
¼ҿʼ˲ɼֻЩҩʦֱܷЩʺϲɼЩʺϣҶ㣬϶ȫռ
ǳ¼ҲͬרѡݸߵĲɼݵĲȵ´ʱԼɼʮֿѧһԲɹ⡣
Ҷ໥ɢʼѲߣֳɼС飬Բĵطһ飬ɽҪȺɽҪΣգΪʬĴڣֹҪ޻Ҫֲ
¼ҵ߸װ˷ֹϸ¼Ҳǵһôˣĳ̶ɽɼҩ
ʦ֣Ҫȥ
޳Ⱥתһ䣬һεĶѨ£ȥ
ȵȾ֪ˣҪȫ
޳ɱ
һʱȥˣҩɼĲˣڴ׼뿪ʱܴɳɳϢȫ֡
ãǱʬΧˡ


28 Χ
ڴ£飬׼طɼҩʱͻȻɳɳʬ˰Χ
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ͨʬγҪʮ꣬һЩʮܳɳΪʬһЩǣʬǿµģħڷ֣ὫʬƳʬɿܡ
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ת۹Ҷɱʬϵ⣬ûһͷĴڡ

ս뽺ŵʱһд˵˼ά¼һһʧ֣ͷʬץ˻ᣬֱȥʼʳת֮䣬ֻʣƤͷ
ҪһҽУһʧأʬǻУʼɢжû
ҪʲôһͻȻһŭΪղʬ֮ѾͬˣϮߵͬ飬һ
Զһʮֱŭһ趯ǼʬУŮʹҲһûгһǿ󣬵Ҳɱͷʬǿάʬ
¼üأʬ˺ǳ¼ˣһˣ¼ҶĪʧҶʱûʲôΣգϾѧԺߵӸʵԱû⡣
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棬һХ֣ʬٶȶȻӿ죬ҪȸղſϺܶ࣬Ҷ¼ҵ˻һ
ʬԽԽ࣬һһ㣬Ҷȥ·˳ȥ뵽Σ֮У¼Ǳ߷δ̫ʬʮֹ졣
Ҷʦ֣ô죬ʬԽԽ࣬Ǻѳȥ
һʮֽȥǳ綼ֻҪʬϮ壬Щ֣ԼͲơ
ҲҪţˣں·
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Ҷʦ֣㣡ƴĳһͷͷʬС
ǿˣԼа취ȥ
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УǲƲ㲻ˣҪһҪһ
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ҶܸжȻ־ǣǳ֮ͬ꣬ǲδҪԼһһҶܵͬ顣
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ʮͷʬױնɱڳһƬյشҶõ˴Ϣᣬһڿն𣬽ע˫ϣҪʬϵȥΧȦ
Ҷ㵯һ̣һƷͻȻ֣ȫûκףҶ㲻˻ȥͻᱻһУ˻ȥٴʬΧѾû½ŵĵطǲ⡣

ҶŭȣȻʱ͵Ϯһȭһƺɨȥ˫أʧȥģǺܴ󣬶ʮţ֮
飡
һһ㲨֦ҲҶշתʬΧУһӰӳԶһϡ
ԭ㣬Щʬģ
ӰҶƺ࣬ղŽǴѧԺӺ޳
ûЩʬȷٻģΪһһٻʬ׹ˡ
޳δϣֱӳĽҪɱѧԺˡ
ڳ˶֪ʲô飬¼ɫû뵽һǴѧԺĽȻ¼ûܶʧйس¼Ժ˭¼һ
лú˵ʲôԹǲɽƽϣα໥
һ޳һȭϣ޳ܽʬߣʲô뿪˵
¹ӣԲסˣǸѧԺ֮ĶԹǱҪ
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޳̫ΪѧԺǲɣ
ȻʱΣգʬʱԾǰΧ
ҪҪǶ
޳ЦһöӣХ֣Щʬٶ˲Ҷ˹㳹׽Ҷû
վڳУҶ˫۳죬һѪ֮ɫð˳ȫɢŨɱҶ㶯ŭ


29 
Ҷԭ޳һƱ˻ŭɱܡ
Сӣúʬսɣ
޳ҶԭɫôĻȵþһ̣ҪҶô
Χ˿Ҷ㱻ʬΧסҪȥܣֻΧɱȫ𲻵κãˮнӴʬȣԵ̫С
ŨʬҶ㿿£ϿȫǣԾȥҪʬҶ
ָײԾð˳渲һ̹⣬˫𽥱죬Ż泤ʱȥҶ㻻һ̬һͷޡ
𣡡Ҷһ䣬צӳǰʬץ˹ȥ
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Ҷ˼ôˣһƴһѣʬѽûʬ糱ӽʵʣ˳Ҷë׽С
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תһȭʬ壬һתɵ˿Уŵ磬һ˿âغҶʬ㣬ĵطںǣУ˲ͻ̱
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ʬǱʬҪʬŨĶ࣬ҶܷܷͻƺأҪͷʬˡ

˫ֲʬ棬Ũʬ˳ֱ۽룬ΪŨһöա
ɾ״Ҳʮһöɣص￪ʼͣҶܵͻĵȫڷӡ
һץʬ˳ӤȭͷС澫ÿάҶͻʱȱٵԪ
ʬʬһľڣ»ͳͳҶȥ


30 ɱ޳
ʬӤȭͷСҶУ⻬תһ˿˿ɫһڱϣЩ¾ʮ꣬γɡ
ЩҶУɾ⵽ŸУرͣʼĵյԽ࣬͵ĸоԽԡ
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ֱۻ䣬һƬƬѪһ㱻ղŻǼ򴦣Ļ⴦ϰ벿Ѫģֻʣ¹ͷ©档

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ջҶָղһģݷ֮Գȥ
ԥ˫ֲԳ棬侫ѪתɾΪƥʽС
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÷Ȱ㻹ǹԹ־ܰɣֻҪǸ缸֤ɱ㣡
һЦҶĶ


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ҶſڲݴУҴϢ״磬Ůղ˵
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Ӱ˳ȥΪһ⣬γһųǡ

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ҪҶĸ˲£һƸӿ񱩣ݱһͷݺݵնʤϡ


32 
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÷Ƿ±˶飬һ칦ʺα𣡡
ŮӳһҶߣҶûȻӳɫͨ죬ȼյľķž
һ칦ŵ棬ټֵʮʯ࣬Ů˵óóȻǴֱʣ칦ٶһҶû
ڣ
Ů붺Ҷ㱧һȭ󳯶ȥܿʧҶС
ŮʧҶվŵϵ칦ҡͷЦӽָУ֪Ʋĸȥˡ
ҲжʮˣûѧԺˣ
Ҷһ뿪ɽȥϴһָֻһģѧԺȥ
ѧԺһ㳡ϣһϿջص
ѧԺֻɫ𣿲һԺھֱۣ
һʮӣվһ̨ϣĿһУɨܣû˵вپӢվԶĿһС
̨һѪ飬ŭˣɥʧ
ѧԺ̫̫ˣһҪսԺھû뵽ʵôǿնĶ֣һлܣ
һŵӴߵ̨ǽѧԺŹھȺ˾ҪսѧԺŹھָսա


33 
̨ϣһ꼫ſͷȫһѧԺŹھҲˣ
ټ㳡صȭͷԷֲʵϳһδ衣
ô£ô˴ˣ
ҶԶԶͿΧ۴ˣ˹һʵ
Ҷʦ֣ˣ̫ˣ
ӺȻҪҶ㻹Ҫ󣬲ûʲôֵģ籾ǿΪ𣬴Ϊȡ
ǴѧԺȺһѧԺѧԺ̸һξӢ飬Ⱥ˾ҪսŴǰ˶ܣʦҲĶ֣һлܣʵ̫ǿ󡣡
Ӵε˵
͵ϮȻʦôܣȻðʦֶܲŰС
һ˴ߵ
Ҷ֪ȥÿһѧԺѧԺȣƱһξӢȣɼݣҶҲжš
ÿЩŵӶȡھ֮󣬴󲿷ֶΪӢӣЩھ໥д裬ӡ֤˭ʵǿζѧԺѧԺһͷսˣҶҲ֪ΪʲôܾӢֻܹۿδ֣ΪȨ档
ҶüȻǴѧԺƣѧԺѧԺһֱͣÿһھһ໥Ͼ
һκе֣оӢӵ棬ǳѧԺʮŭ
ѧԺûսʤȺ»һֱȥپӢȭͷҪȥѵѵȺĻֱԷץѱΪѧԺˡ
ȿȡ
һ£մҳǿվǰмĽӡ˲ᡣ
Ŀ֮£յĳһ磬ŭնȺȻˣһδ裬ʹս
Ҿͳȫ㣡
Ⱥ裬佣ÿһռ䡣
ѹţƺջҪСϼ꣬Ȼʵﵽ˺۷壬Ҷ㰵
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һ𻨳֣յ嵹ɳȥһκݺˤ̨˹ȥι
ѧԺûǿУӢӳ£ᱻŵˣҳ˰ɣȺţſޱȡ
ݣ
һӡɱȺ£Ʊڣ纣
Ⱥʱ󾪣Ųһ죬μζܹһ츫ӡն̨ϣ̨һΪ
˭˭͵ϮңȺŭȡ
ңҶӦһȺ˳ɫࡣ
Ҷʦ֣
ܷһղҶȺУûж֪ȺԾÿһͨ
̫ˣҶʦֻͺˣҵҪȺôţ
һЩ˿ʼźϣҶɨȺϳȥйͷ
ղ͵ϮңȺŭӣҶղһоļ£ŭǲ㱻һղһʮ𾪣ſ֮ɫ
ѵҪȸ㣬Ҫ㣬ڳ𣿡ҶЦϴŲмӷˣҶ̫ˣݺݵķȥ
ܷһЦҶԷ
ʲôˣȺɫͨ죬֪Ҷ˭
Ҷ㣡Ҷ㵭˵
Ҷ㣬ڱȵĹھȺ֪ѧԺڱȹھ˭
úúãȵþ㣬Ȼ̨ɸҽһУ²˵ҿȥҲҶģ
Ⱥ֮ٴαŷȻô񶾵ĶעҶˣѧԺӶɾˡ
Զʦɫ࣬Ȼ۸ϣ޷֣ԴС
λαС˭˭Ӯֻһˣ
ѧԺδͷĽһЦ⣬°ͣ˵ǵѧԺʦһ
Ҷû˵ɱѾˣҶ㶯ŭ
ܽһУתߣӴԺ̤ѧԺҶ˵꣬Ųһ̤绨壬˳ȥиն£һƥˣֱͦͦɱȺ
һʵ޻κ似ӰӣǷ豹棬Ҷ㽫Ѧ츫кһݱ࣬ʽ
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似ͬڹõĹܼӿٶȣһõ似ҪǿֲɹоڣҶץס似ľ衣
һӾҶγȥӽһµгɹ׵ֳ
Ѥõĸӡи֨֨죬µľ˺ˣӡ˲ϢɱȺǰ
Ⱥɫ󾪣æӳг趯ռÿһռ䣬·ܳƬء
䣡
һ޴ıը͸ӡڿײˣֲıҶľδɢȥ㣬ȺĽݺݵȺĳϡ
꣡
һѿΪɢڿУһѤɫʡ
ƲδֹͣȻڳգӡݱһͷŭ㳡ص˵ľ
ģ
ͻݺݵײȺؿϣ޴ײȺһѪͬߵķݣ߸߷𣬺ݺݵĵɳȥص䵽ϡ
飡
˵ϵʯһӳڵϡ

һƬž
ޱȰһЩ˺Ҳסͣ´ֽࡣ
𣡡
һֱͬʱŭ˷ܵĺ
Χ۵ĵӶδ뵽ոջŰȺȻҲҶһжӲס֪
ȿȣ
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ֻɫҲҵѧԺţڳԣҪսӢӣֻǸһѵԺҪĿˣսѧԺҲֲһĽɫ´ΣֱӴ㣡
Ҷ˵˵תȥ·ڽѵһѧԺѾɱüˣҲںɱˡ
㡭
һѪȺ˳ŭӣǲѪʱΣ»ᵼȫ̱
ҪҪҪʬΣԱ֮𣡡
Ⱥŭ𣬽յһҲ̧ͷ
ҶҪȥȺȻҪҶܵвκвҪɱҡС
ȻˣҾͳ׷㣡
Ҷº޹˼ɣһ߾ҪԶΪ²ܹ׹βƷչռ䡣
һƷɨȥҶȺԺ¶ˣֲƷɨȥһȥܽĳࡣ

һŭȴҶ֣һֻҶһƽƷ绹ɨȺϡ
ۣһȺ׻ȥѩϼ˪Ƿˡ


34 ɱ
һߴӰȺߣղһƾǱ⣬Ⱥĳࡣ
ɫȺѲΣڲһƬ꣬鵤ҩҲ޷ȫָһɳɱҶ֮Ȼ
СӣúݵֶΣȻһ˵˼֣
һҶ˹ʱ׼֡
ಣ
һӰӣҶǰ棬ѧԺʦ֣һǲŵĻߣһֲ֮Ҷ㱣
ϣղ㲻˵Сд裬ֻһˣαؽ棡
ѧԺһʦżЦ·ڳղȺŰʱϲֹڱҶУȻվʦʮֽݺһ
˽Ҷ㱣ҪֽɱܣһҶϡ
Сӣϣһֱúûȥ
Ⱥ뿪Ⱥڴȥֻܵ裬缰뿪
ҶԽԽֲˣôɳȥҲĶˣ
һվڸߴĿһУǷɬȻԸϣҶղһȷʵǵ顣
ǰһȻͽȺɳȥǿ£ңĹǣɫׯأղһв֪Щʲô
һ֮ǰʵҲûôֲŹȥһʱ䣬ʵȻ˿ֲأôġ̾
ⲻµģµԣκ飬޷赲ĽŲȻǿߣȻη壬ֲģ֮ģκˡ
ӢһĿܳ˵ˣһ⣬ֻǿҶʵǿ󣬲δעҶԣһǿʲôҪȻԣעһܳɳʲôز
ȴ֪ҶղѾˣȫ֣֮ѽȺΪҽ
Ҷ˲䴫ѧԺرŭȺģøţҶʵѴﵽӢǰĲΡ
ղ鶼Ѿ֪﷢࣬һ¿ޣԭΪ׷Ҷ㣬С࣬ʱ֪֮ԽԽԶ
ҶûۣܵصԺУʱĵã㹻Դǰһʱ䡣
˳ȥҶջķᣬƤëʯҶϴǵˣͷϴٴηһ
ˣ
Ժ洫Ҷֹͣ˳
֨ѽҶƿԺӣһϤӰӳǰ
СӼ赼ʦҶʮֹվԺ赼ʦ
ôѵҽȥ𣿡
赼ʦԸղŵȫ֪Ҷ㣬ϲȷʵûпۣҶ綼һɳ졣
룡ҶѧԺֻ赼ʦøҲҶεһˣæýԺ
òǺܴ󣬵ˣ赼ʦϣ񲻶ҶɨҶʮֹ
Сͷˣ赼ʦЦе˵
㶼֪ˡҶЦһڷͷû룬ֻǿȺĿһеӡ
ܲѾתԺˣԺʮָˣһΪѧԺ⣬Ժһ
赼ʦ͵Ҷ˵
лԺлʦ
Ҷʾ˸м
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赼ʦгһʮ־µĸӣҪҶĸӲ֪߼ٱ
һƿ̴ƣѸһ壬ʹõʱ׽似ӳ
ӳɻߣиۣҲһɱ˱
ñ赼ʦóһ̣ҶͱסˣֱΪ졣
ڽɣѪһɶõĺñǷ֮õĴڣ
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͸ҵ𣿡
ҶеȲˣ绢ʵɣʹڣҲһս֮
Ȼ͸ģΪһεĽ
赼ʦҶȲӣӽҶС
ñҶӹ֮ȥ·˸Уһâ˳Ÿȥ
ͣ
â͸ӣ˳ȥûǽ֮Уǽϳһĺۼм
̫ˣҵʵܷӳҶḧӣʮϲ
𣿡Ҷ㻹֪ӵ
ɱ赼ʦ
֣Ҷϲ֣ӵɱ¾֮⡣
͸ˣ˵ˣ
赼ʦ˷еҶ㡣
ӷŽָУʵҲ죬ָ鲻ɻ֮ɫ赼ʦ
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Ҷĵı飬赼ʦɫ֣ء
ѵʲôΣգҶǰֻһŵӣȻ˵һЩڵôһ£Ǻ
Σ棬ʮأ֮ŨضҩֻȲ쵤Ǳزٵһζҩ˵ʵΪݡ
赼ʦ˵˵ϣĿľǲɼݡ
ԭˣҶƺһЩ
ÿֻʮֲ꣬棬˭õԽ࣬Ƴ쵤Ҳ࣬Ҳ͸쾳֡
赼ʦΪҶ㽲⣬Ҷ֪ܿһС
ÿЩӢӽ֮󣬿ʼɼݣڲɼĹУ϶ᷢսϾֻʮ꣬ͻᵼһЩ档
ݽƳ쵤۷֮˳쾳ǲɶ鵤ҩԴ޷򵽡
ĸŲϣԼʵǿԾͲսÿ궼ݣֵˣ赼ʦĿģϣҶȣռݡ
ȥʲôôҶûֱӴӦȻ赼ʦǰҶ㻹
ôȻУɼһжԼУ֮⣬ڵݣͳͳ㣬ɼݣ⽱һö쵤ѧԺ⽱Щȥĵӡ
赼ʦ˵˳Ҷ˫۷⡣
ŨʤܴܻȡԴҶ㲻֪²ܴչصԴ˵쾳ˣϾҪ˾ű
Ҫܲɼݣܵõһö쵤͸ףʱ׾ܽΪ쾳ڼλһݣҶ㡣
ãҴӦ㣡
ҶˬĴӦˣʮջˣҶ޷ܾȻΣգҪ۷壬ҪһżͲġ


35 ϴǵ
ûԥҶӦȣѧԺȡݡ
赼ʦһҶܴӦȥѧԺȡݵĻӡ
Ҳˣʱ㹮һ£֮㣡
赼ʦ˵վӣԺȥ뵢Ҷʱ䡣
һ£赼ʦͻȻͷվӣųҶ˵
ȺƴѧԺưոݣѧԺǲôһȣʱǶ޷棬һ磬ɱ¾һҪСģ
赼ʦѵ
ߣٸ鷳Ҳһɱһɱһ˫Ҷһ˿ɱѧԺĵȰ֣ҶҲûбҪ顣
ԼСģȺֻڱȹھСආһѧԺкöǿ֣ʱһһһ㣬Щ˽ǿ֡
赼ʦҶ㣬СһЩνСʻ괬
лʦˣСָмҶʩһʮָм赼ʦ
ȸƱѧԺΪԶûз̫ĳͻһ㲻޹ɱҲҪһЩرǹƱǵϵǲͬǼƣʮϸ񣬵Ӽ⼸ңŪͬʦֵҲ໥ɱƱԲ赼ʦ˵
⼸Ҷ֪ĻĲǺܶ࣬赼ʦϸϸ⣬Ҷֻ֪ѣʲôǿ֪
һᰲ˸ȻйƱҲ쵽ˣҪȥӴһ£Ͳʱˣ赼ʦ˵뿪ҶԺӡ
ԺţҶص˷Уʼ˼һ֮עƽˣҪĿĻʵҪսʤ벽쾳ʵ
ν벽쾳ǿʼתѾһֻ̤쾳ֻһš
һμѧԺдӽ룬ѧԺҲһһҶɱһѧԺΧʮˣЩҶ㶼Ҫȥõİ취ʵ
Ҷ㽫ϴǵ˳Ҫͻƺؾǳѣͻƺ۷ӦⲻҶϴǵͻ۷塣
ڷ֮ǰҶһϵ׼ľͰˮϴ֮ų۹ϴá
ϥã״̬ѣҶ˹ϴǵ÷ֻҪ̷ȥУ̿Щιǣʮʹ
ϴǵģ۴СʾӨɫһθ棬覣ϣҶԺһ̷ȥ
һ֮˳ɤڲΪʴҺ壬ȫ͸ͷϣɫҺ·һһ㣬ʼѹҶͷϵ۹

ҶͻȻһȫͷ֮亹ֱʪ͸
ʹ
ʹ
˺ѷεʹ
·ǧСҶͷػȥ鵽ʲôйιˣҶȫͷڹιǣһʹ༫ޡ
һ㱻˺ѣһ޸˺ѣ޸⼱ѹڷֽ༡ӣǿڼӡ
Ҳܷ
ҵʹҶüҪһҪʹȥҶ촽ðѪҧ飬ּӡ
ҪΪǿߣҶŭ
ҪΪǿߣҪܳܵģʹ඼ܲˣ̸ܲ۷壬̸μԺҵʹѾľ
϶Ǻˮëпʼųһ˿˿ӻɫʣЩʸڹͷ棬ֹɳһεõϴǵϴ裬ϵ۹ȥ
ʱһһйȥҶɫҰޱȣܷһʹŤ·һħ
ǼǣβǣָǣÿһطϴǣҲ˵ʹܴҶȫÿһط
һʱȥˣҶɫɲҰת䣬øӺѪɫʼϴǡ
ղϴĶǹͷ棬Ҫϴ裬ʹģͷ棬ϴʹ಻һܳܡ
˵ǰһӣҲһöϴǵûǰ׼̷ֱʹѧԺΪһЦ
Ҷ㲢ΪЦֻо˲֪ʲôʹ˺ѷΣʹֵȼĻжһֱΪ弶ʹϴʮʹߣ仹ҪʹϺü
ɫҺǷ棬ʼͷϸϴʱˣЩϸͻγѻڹǷ棬ʱ٣ԱҪȥ
ҧأͷ̹ȥˣڲȫȥҶʽһ󲽣̲ȥŪܻʹʹ˾ͻʣһֱʹ
ɫҺ棬Ҷҽһһóһ鴲ֻһƺߣͷϵĺˮˢˢʡ
һεڹͷѹΣҶȫƵʸӼң涼ѪȾ죬֪УҶָ׶оκʹ
ȥˣҶ忪ʼɸо˼ޣʹȥҪܲסˡ
Ǻϱ鲻ôŤʹڼᣬ֮Ĳˣӻɫʲϴɡ
˻
ﴲµҶ㵹һоȫ˳ë׽УҶٶȿϺܶࡣ
ʶڲʼӣֽҪǰˣϴǵʱ򣬽١
رǼ⣬ûһ׸⣬мӶڷĹڴʣҶڿ
һĤӨ͸ų٣Ҷоȫë״򿪣ȫÿһط롣
ϴǵĴҶڿʼǣ˲֮£
Ҳʼź۷ָʯڷҶԣ˫ֲʯ֮Уȡ뵽С
ڷգȫĵγһѭԴԴĽ棬ת뵽Ÿ֮С
ʯڼټ٣ҶʵʯӴ󣬴ﵽһֲ
ͻƺֻҪһǧöʯԣҶȫҪʮࡣ
ת֮䣬һǧöʯΪ촷ۣһǧö֣˫ֲ룬ʼա
Ҳʮʱ䣬һǧöʧóҶһöʯ㹻һͻơ
ʱȥҶ˶㣬嵽֮˺ڣÿһǳļѣ˺۷塣

Ҷܹһ磬һЩöᣬҶ𽥻ָ
һͻľ޴󣬼ľҶвƲһöʯȥˣֻʣһЩҶֱ⵰
ʵͻ֮ҶҲûȥԺϹ̾磬似ӦɱѦ츫ԲȭӰѴﵽ۷壬һ䣬ȫӰӣҶԺһͷ
ˣ
Ժ洫Ҷȭȥ


36 
Ժű򿪣һվ⡣
Ҷʦ֣񣬼Ҷ㣬ʮֿʺһ䡣
ǣҶ㲢ʶꡣ
ҽֺ赼ʦҹҽ㡣˵ӻóһ޾ҶС
лʦ֣Ҷˣ赼ʦߵʱ˵찲Ӣӵĵλˡ
ҾͲȥˣû£ҾȻȥˣҶʦֺúȡΪѧԺȡֺûгʱ䶺뿪ҶԺӡ
Ҷûмص޾򿪣дӬͷС֣öﶼ¼棬мʮˣмúɫرһ£ǸҶѡ
ӵһпʼ¿һ¼ǴѧԺһӣԶ׺ݶɳһۣʵ뺷չȣֱӤһ㣬Ტۣó͵Ϯһܵز
Ҷ¿ǴѧԺ赼ʦЩ¼ҲΪҶ׼סһЩΣǰ棬ҲҶע⡣
ڶеǸúɫ˱ǣʮĿ˽˵ںʱ򣬾ͻһ֮ھں۷壬Ϊ³çֻʤС
Ҷһ濴ȥֻҪǺɫǹĵط⣬Կһ飬ѧԺһҶرҪע⣬ֱ꣬ǿ
³çթգǿûм¼ֻĸ֣СĴˣû¼
ųڶȥ滹ǱʮܵĶȵӣҶ㿴һϤһȻҲС
˱ɫ˱ǣʾҶ㣬ҪСˣ赼ʦЩԵģʵ̫ͣȫԣҶھ֣Ⱥʵ൱Щӣ˵ˡ
ǣҪȴѧԺҪһˣӵʵҪȴѧԺҪǿһĽлĺûйܣûٳ֣һξȻҲμ֮С
νн𲻻ʮ⣬ǸתȻýҲ죬ߵﶼǱ
Ž˵СƫƫʵܸߣΪ塣
һŮӣ㣬ŮӺһسϵͽܣʵɲ⣬˵ŮѾڿУڶΪڵӡ
һ˽УسûнܣҶ㶼ӡԺЩţҲлһ֤ʵ
ƱĽܸٵÿֻֻһúɫǣйѪɱԣһɱ֮ͽ
Ʊٸϵǵ׳ʲôõĵӣ޷
ѧԺҶ㲢İһȻд棬ӦôѧԺӢǿˡ
޾ϣҶ㻨һʱ䣬ЩȫסĴֲһ֪Է˭Ҳ׼ȷжϡ
뿪ȵԽԽѧԺʼΪѧԺȸƱԼĵǰѧԺ׼һͬȡ
һƧĹ棬һ˸һͷħ໥ţѾһյʱ䣬һһ޾ô֣˭Ҳȳ֣ȴ
𣡡
ħŭһϼ֣ǰӰȴСӣڵϷһӡ
ӰҶ㣬Ҷͻƺ۷֮뿪ѧԺɽʵĥսɣҵƵĵħܣ˫Կ
ͷħѴﵽ۷壬Ҫ޼ܿǣɱǳѣΪҲǻۡ
濪ʼζƬľϿǵħܵϢأȻҶǿд룬˾ϣ׽ŭ
Ƭ򣬵ħܼǰĴڣصӶ룬ݱһЩͼݣóȥҲ˶ʯ
ԽԽҶȻվԭأȫκƲȻ䣬𣬻Ϊһ⣬ȭͷ˸һâ
ʬ
ķȭҶ﷢µľ磬ƺ˺һУֱֱĳħܺɨȥˣγһҶγһľ˲˳ȥ
䣡
ղŻľɽȣײʯڷ˻ҶĤۡ
ɽȻͬһ𣬽һֲˣħȥƲȻҶ˹һһ޺ݺݵײһ
̣
ҶоԴһԺ㱻ײιȥħ̫ܵǿ׶ߣҶվߣСӡ
屻ײɳȥڿ˼ͷŻأƽȥ
ħҲܣˣȻȥü׵ľ룬Ҷղһȭһ֮ݺݵĻڵħܵϣһοײ
ħ˫¶һԣҰ޵ıܱҶ㽫ˣһֳҶһεӴ
ĿѾﵽڳһȭ
ҶĿѾﵽսһн
ʱһµ˴ҶֱϴܳΪһƥƿɱɽȡ
Ҷ㱬ˣŸ˲֮Ҷ󣬵ħܴ󾪣˺أȻߣҲһЩ֪ԼУһ˿֮ɫ
ģ
һκݺײһ𣬲Ҷûбɣռԭأħ򲻺ˣӴշ𣬾ȻҶһȭڿлһߣݺݵڵϡ
飡
Сʯȫѹ飬ѹһӣħڵϣδشҶһȭͷ飬ʧȥж
ɷŹ
Ҷһ˿Ѫ飬Ѫȥָ׵ĳӲ٣ʳָʮңħУ̵Ѫ˳ֱת⵽ŸС
׶ߵĵħڼټСֻ׸ߣٸɱȥ澫ȫҶա
һյʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ָ˳˸һ˿⣬ָ׻صָ棬о١
ǽȵӣûȥˣ
Ҷ㽫ħܵëƤڶѨҵһݣһսָУɽȦȥصѧԺ
һȡĶʯԺҶصԺӣѧԺֺöİӰӣǽȵĸҵӣ˹涨
ʯȻ㿴ˣⱾ似򣬲Ȼ뿪
һŭȴҶ㲻Զ𣬲˶ƫͷǱ߿˹ȥ໥֣ʼ˺
ƾʲôֻǿһۣ˭˵ҪˣǿѧԺǲҪ̫֡
קסŷߺ޵Ҷƺе죬Դ˹ȥȻǸ޾ֺڱһקסˡ
㲻ҲУȻ㲻㿴ʲô벻ˣ㣬ѧԺΣóʯȻߺߣ
˵


37 ǿǿ
˶ǱΧ۹ȥҪʲô飬ҶҲ⡣
ȻôѵҪǿǿ㣬ѧԺݲǹƱҰֺߡ
ѧԺôļĩβⱾ似Ѿһ룬ԱҪȻԺҹ޹ǻô⡣ӽй޹ǣһץסֺ֣Ȿ似
ǶˣⱾ似мﲻȻ似Ҫʯ似˵٣ǧҲ򣬿һ
һֺ֪ϵˣ޹һ似似ƭȡҹۿֻҪˣͱ£ʮְԵ
վһԣҶҲ֪ȥǹ޹Ǹˣһ似ʯȥļ۸ȷʵˣ似ǧʯԲȹۿҪ£˭֪ƭ˵İϷʲô似һм似㲻ϵ
ֺһܺߣԭΪԻʯһ似޹Ǿץס˴̰С˵թ
Ҳܣ£ȻݹҲ
޹ȭͷȻҪֺֻ֣һͨŵӣʵҲأ޹ǵľȻ˺أ⣬ֺ֣ȫɱĽࡣ
ܵ۷׷ףȥԣ󲿷ֶŵӣȻЩӢӣʵҲǹ޹ǵĶ֣վһߣֻܴŷŭŹ޹ǡ
ԭѧԺĵĶث֣ôǣȻû˸ҷû˼
޹ǿûֹԽżƱĵһ𷢳Цɽȼص
һЩϱɽɫ˳֣Ȼ۸ˡ
Сӣٸһλᣬٲóʯݹҵȭͷ飡
޹һɱֺŷһ˿ɺ֮ɫһ촽ɱ⣬ֺӦҪˡ
˵Ȿ似һʯûҪŹعƱ
ֺѪԣһʲôҪϣóʯֺϳʧӴԺֻΪһͷʬ⣬ꡣ
ǺãȻ㲻£ֻôȡʯֵĶˣһֻ첲ɡ޹ȭͷһֱֱֺѹȹȫֺѹסܷ
Ȼˣֺ޾ɫµͷѾ޷⣬ֵȥ
飡
һɿµľһƿ·ϫһ㣬ϳƽܹۿЩӣŲȣˡ
һӰߵķݣݺݵķ˳ȥ߰׵ľ룬صĵڵϣһ졣
ֺ˫ۣȻվԭأȭͷͣڿУȭͷǰ棬һȭͷһӰǰ档
Ҷʦ֣Ҷʦֳˣ
ܷһ󾪺˿ͻȻֵӰȺпʼҶס˹޹ǵһȭֺ¡
ֺ۽Щʪ󣬹ؼʱ̣Ҷֽ£һ첲
лҶʦֺ֣Ҷһ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ赼ʦֺͶֺ赼ʦһҲԨԴϹ޹̫ԵҶֻó֣޹ɡ
ȿȣ
޹û̫ܵصˣԶȫ벻Ȼ͵ϮɳȥӴֱֱܲ˳ȥ
͵Ϯҹ
޹ǳȺкɨһۣ񶨸ҶϣŨɱҶ
Сӣղžֽɣ޹䣬ϱ鼸Ť
ѧԺҪҰǹƱ飬Ҳ⽫㳹׻ɱҶЦƱҶʮַС
ʲô似иƨϵȻͷ˼ҪⱾ似ˡ޹ǿڳ໰Ҷ
ž
˻ûзӦʱ򣬹޹ǵ϶һӡ޹ǵַһ˦ȥľԶһĲţȻҶһƴˡ
Ҷʦ֣Щӿʼ壬ǳرһƣѸղŵԹй
СӣҪɱˣҪ˺㣡֪˭𣬹Ѫҵĸ磬ȻҴңҪ޹ڸоҶǿ˵һ͵Ϯڶοǵݺ˦һơ
㲻ڰһƣҹ
Թ޹ǵвҶ޶ãڴ󺰴УҶ㲻ڸһƣ׳һ
Ҷȫɢ̹Ǻ⣬޹ǴһսҶƱĵӻ뿪ˡ
ɢ˰ɣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬ŲԼԺȥ
ѧԺһԺУһ㶼дˣʱ䣬ⷽԲıԺסˣһԺУһߡ
磬ҲҪΪҳҾȻô˵棬˴һ⣬ʲ¡
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дȻҴ㣬ԷǺˣѵǿܳУһɫ۵ĹѪɫȫûһ͸ɺ죬ͷǺɫѪȾͷ
ǿܳѾˣСӽҶ㣬һѧԺڱȹھ˵ǰ컹˴ѧԺȺʵǿ󡣡޹ڶʱ䣬Ҷ
ʵѧԺνһһ˺һڽܣСʲôʱģһҪһǹƱҪݣ
Ѫһ
ҲһЩҶܹŹ֣֮ǰһķͻȻ֮䣬ʵһҹ֮ǣ֮һ»ŴȹھܸߵƲʯΪӢӣȥһ£Ⱥʵٴαǡ
޹ǽ鵽ϢһԶ˵˳
Сһʲôܣ鵽һμ𣿡Ѫʵ
μӣ޹ǵ
ǾͺðˣֻҪȣʱҾܽϵڳѪһ˿ɱ¾ȫһѪɺ֮ɫ
յϢѧԺ֮УҲ뽫Ҷɱǰ棬ǾͲ֪ʵˡ޹ǿ鵽˲ϢѧԺ͸ȥ
İɣа취Ѫһ˿Ц
ѵҪá޹ûм˵ȥ֪ѪҪʲô
ˣȥɣǿȵӣǶҪ׼һ¡
Ѫһӣù޹ȥ
޹ߺ󣬹ѪɱŨ˫ðһɺɫ壬Ѫɱ¾̫۶ɵѪɷ֮
賿
̫¶ͷһ̣ڵ˿ȵʱ䣬Ҷ㻻һ·һЩҪĶװָЩҪʳԼˮ


38 ƴ
ж׼ãҶ뿪ԺӣָϵĹ㳡ȥһļһǰȣӦʮ׳ۡ
ѧԺһɽ壬նϣ㳡ͽƽСɼǧˡ
ÿҶĳȣǺܽɽնϣѵǴ˵еɽ
㳡ĸ򣬷ֱӦĸҶߵѧԺߣ߰ʮӣŵӵӰӣÿһŵҲ룬ΪĿġ
򶼲࣬һڣһĦȭƣвٱõʲôǧҲವһˡ
ʮǿϢȻڹ㳡ϣֱѧԺѧԺȣйƱĸ߲ˢˢ£һɹϢ໥
ҺãӭѧԺΪҴѧԺӭҡ
ѧԺһʦ˿ףʮֿ
ʦһ¹أϣҹƽҪ໥ɱ˺ЩҲţҶ϶ţΪѾкüƵɨ
ÿһνȶʮʱ䣬ʮ֮󣬱ȻҪһʱ䣬ʱ̰Σգʮ죬ҲҪС
һʱ䣬ڿԳˣȲѧԺչȣѧԺҪһʱʱ䣬չѾȴЩˡ
ڿԳˣһʱʱ䣬ǲƴһ½˭ܵһ
ÿһͷϷûȣȱƴһ˭ҵӵһϵȣȽϼң˭Ҳ䵽³ˡ
һ£ѾʩչϳӰӶת֮䣬չȷɱȥ
ҶҲżӰһʧȻĥĥ䣬ȵߵĲˣҶʩչӰ׷ȥ
һյ֮󣬿ʼֳţһǰ棬мһ࣬ŶŵӾӶࡣ
ϡϡɽϷɿʻҶ·һֻĵں棬Ŀʼһ롣
Щ˶ǸҾӢӣʵǿһ·֮ϣֻһӰӣҶһյʱ䣬ڸһС
ҶǵȵҶʧ˲ŶҪ˶һյʱ䣬ǾͿӰӲԽܿͿһˣмⲨ˿ʼ
Ӱȫʩչʱ䣬͸Ⲩ룬ٶȼ죬ͥŲһ㣬֪䣬׷мⲨһӡ
ⲻһıƴһĽѾ㣬ٶȿʼ
ʱǿܶ಻ָߵͣйԽߣܵٶȻ죬ߣֲһȱ
ƷͣȻǰ棬ǰĲһξӢڡ
ҿ˭ôô죡
мⲨһӿһӰӷӹһӰӶû壬ӰѾʧ
ԾҶⲨ˵м䣬ʱҲſҶ㣬ӰƮ죬˫żŵأʱ䣬ʼǰӽܿҪмⲨˡ
ס׼嵽ǰȥ
ϳҶ㣬ȻסҶ㣬ǰӣѧԺ·ҪֹҶĽŲ
ʵܸߣں۷壬һˣӦΪܽҶ¡

ȥ·ҶһŭȣδֹͣȻӽһȭ˺˹ȥ
䣡
˸ҪӦȴ岻ʹɳȥ˦ɽ棬ݴС
Ҷ㵱ʲôҲûһ㣬ǰһĿɿڴˣҶһȥûһҶӰʧмⲨУʼһ׷ȥ
֮Щ˳˵Ŀֻ࣬ٴͷ񱼡
Ҷ弫ΪˣԽʼڵһ˵ĺ棬һյʱ䣬Ҷڰʱ֮׷
ٶԽԽ죬ֻܿһߣҶವһҶʧ
һ˲Ǻܶ࣬ҲͶʮңԶԶȥЩ˶໥Ͼ˭Ҳ£ֻλ໥
Ѿ˸о׷ԾĻͷһֺۣһӰӣģҪÿһ˶Ҫһ֣ԽԽ
Ȼ˿Ҷӣƺе㲻š
֮䣬Ҷ˵һ˵ĺ棬׷һˣʯ֮䣬Ҷᴩȥ׷һˣٳǰӽ
Щ˺ʶǾӢеľӢ˳Խָоʮֲܣÿһ˵ǲ˵󲿷ֶǰ벽쾳Բǲ١ǸҶμ׾ƺһ㡣
յչȻ֮һ·̣һ뵽˽֣رҶ׷֮ͬʱղŶһ̼١
ԽҶ׷һˣ˦Ҷǰһɽһ壬ÿһȥɽζҶȡӦþǴѧԺ
ٶȲǿάڵһţֲҶܿҪ׷ϣŲͻȻ٣ϲ٣ζء·һ޴Ŀʻ
ǰ棬ǻܽܣϢ沢ûҶκμ¼ҶҲأǰЩˣһǺؾ϶ȥ
ǰ˭֮Ҷŵ磬䣬һ˦ֳһˣǰһ˿£
ǰһҶʶȻȵĳһҶ֮ҶĿһĨȣһ֮ǰҶʵûôֲŶ೤ʱ䣬Ҷɳֵز
һʵȻ޾ϣδúɫǣ赼ʦΪһ޷вҶ㣬ʵҲˡ
ҶͻȻӿ죬һٶԽԽ죬Ϊյ㻹һʱ䣬ҲʮӣҶһһ嵽յ㡣
ļҳϻеʦѵȺչȣʱһһȥҶΪһ⣬ˣǰֻʣˡ
Сʦܣʦ㻹ǵ͹ˡ
һӲ洫Ҷǰ澹Ȼң˿ʼС
ʦˣ
Ҷ죬ղң˵ʱԸоھҴϢҶ޸о
ʦܿҪΪѧԺŶɣȡõһȥʦܲˣ
ңÿͨſ룬Ҷͨ
лʦˣ
ҶһʧವһӰˣǰֻˣӱӰϿҶӦܷ
ǰһѪ£ǹƱĹѪ
ڹѪĺһ꣬Ӧȵлĺ˲һҶʶѧԺĿܳһӦþǴѧԺǿ
ʵ£໥λֵܳڵһλֱܿǿ嵽ǰ棬ʵ޼ٶҲ¡
յ֮УҶյӰǻһߣȻջУٶһ࣬ವһʧԭأ֪ʲôط


39 
յڼҶͻȻʧԭأŸȫŷע˫֮ϣȻջмʮ׵ľ룬ٶ
ಣ
ҶǰˣͻȻоһ磬һӰӴǰʧ֪ȥδȫӰ
˴󾪣Щ֮оȻӰظ֣ղֻ˻ƴȴһֱҶ㣬ȵԽȥʱŷѾ˵ִյߡ
ȻһߣѪлĺǿܳȫ٣ȡڶʸ
˼ͬһʱִյ㣬ȫֲ˭죬ʵ޼˵ִյʱ򣬿Ҷվԭأ죬֮ɫδʧ
赼ʦҶһЦŨҶ㻹Ӱ˲ʵνȣȫӦòǺܴ
ܳҶ˵ͷ˳ȵлĺƽ֮⣬Ѫɢɱ˶˭ɱ⡣
ѧԺǿȻûнɱɢȻڸǲ״һĨɱҶ֮ɱŨҡ
󣬵һ˶ˣжʮˣҴϢ˿ʼָղĵ
ڶŵӰ࣬ƺƵĳչȿտشʼϢ׼ȡ
˲һʱ䣬ȫۣһ˭õһ֪Ҷ֮󣬲϶¶֮ɫ
첢ܴʵǿ󣬴ҲֻǸоһѣܿ״̬
ˣȻҶˣھͿȵڣ֮һжҪԼʮ֮󣬱뵽ɽϣʱһ
赼ʦһѧԺˣʼÿжȵĵͼҲ·
չȵĺͻȻһһĲƣǽȵڣٵӿʼȲˣ׼룬赼ʦһ£˶ȲĽȥ
ҶûżŴҲӿ룬Ҷվԭء
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赼ʦվҶߣĳĳҶ˵
ףһᰲȫųҶ㱣֤
ȥ֮ͣ˭Ҳ֪ᱻ͵ʲôط浽󣬴֣ҰޣжԼСģ
˶ȥˣ赼ʦ뵢Ҷ̫ʱ䣬Ҳȥ
Ҷʩһ崩ǰһϣܿ͸ʧȥϵ·һʹţͻȻʧأݺݵĳ¡
ҺĲݵأҶ£򵥵ĹۿһܣһԲεɽȡ
ŨϳвݣҪȿԴŨʮңܳʱٶһϺܶࡣ
ŨݷģҲ޸ǿ󣬺ƣ쾳֮ܽ󣬾ͻ⵽ų⣬ֱӱͳȥ
óͼʼյΣӦڤɽҶ㿴ŵͼ˵
ֻϷɽԴҽһ飬ȥϷɽɼݣִܲܵͿˡ
˷֮ҶгһɫĸӣΪҪʱս׼
ƺΪһȣһ磬½ȣ϶С׼ףûпԴС½
Ҷ򵥼һ£·˳ĻҪʱִܵϷɽҲųⷢ
ҽϷɽôףϷɽһаħ޿޸ӽĺᣬʮѲͼ϶бǣÿ궼даħ֮֡
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ǰͻȻɳɳҶ裬սеĸӣʱ̰Σգ˭Ҳ֪ʲôǰ

ǰ洫һ쫷磬һͷçסҶȥ·ֹçʮϡ٣ȫֻһƤ󲿷ֶй죬Ѫ٣͸ëƤܿĹͷ·һ̡
࣬çɺɢһɺҶͷŶڤʪʺĶŨݺȻûеִ쾳ͷçʵҲʮֲֿҪǿһࡣ
Ҷ㲻ҳʱ䶺Ҫսپޱ鲼ܴ޺޳ʱҪʮּѡ
ԥһӳçŭնȥڿлһߣݺ񱩵ƴݻһЩС޷ֵҶǿĸ⡣
çڵһҡڣȻ֮䣬Ǵ̣ͿƤѿһӣǴ̾ǴЩﱬһ
󣬾ȻͷŹǴ̹
ԲӰʩչҶ㼱ٶܣĹǴ̱ÿûֹͣХݺݵӡڹçϡ
飡
ĽҶо޵ϣһѽ棬ı
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ն
似ı仯ӴռζٴοçȻӴ󣬵ҲжٶԲҶ㡣
һǴһηΧ㣬ҶҪܿЩǴ̿Ҫһֽš
ݣ
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Ҷӿ£Ӵռ䣬һζâûκεֱͣ͸ɱŭն
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ĽһӺݺӡڹçĺ֮ϣһη鲻ٹͷ
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ܲ·һ㣬ҶĸƿһУһ˿âһȥçҪķˡ
çҲǻ飬Ȼˣǰ̫ǿ󣬾Ȼ˶ΣҪߣս
Ǻ˵ٶ̫Ѿ¡
꣡
һĹͷڤȻصȻçѾ˲پ룬Ҷѽçһͳ˻
䣡
ϳһ޴ѷ죬ҶĸӾȻ͸çն˵ϣһֳ֣쵽ʮ֮⡣
Ȼ䣡
Ҷصһ̣çһ˿ʹɫȻ屻նϣǲδվǴ̴汬ּֿһĹͷǼܣ֮޷ջأçȻҪҶͬھ


40 ׷
ԱĹǴ̣Ҷ㽫ջأһöεضڿջУмɸߣЩǴ̴Ľŵ˹ȥ
գҶ㰵һ
޷ӳɸߵľ룬ЩǴӰ޷ܿǹçǰһŭÿһռ䡣
ЩǴȫݻܿռ䣬Բʮ׾һƬǽ壬ľǴ̹ᴩç建ȫɱͷѱա
ϧˣľ
Ҷ¶ϧ֮ɫδչçľûжڤ֮ȥ뿪ڤ̫Σա
Ҷ㼸֮⣬Ѫվԭأǰһͷ۷ԳȻһȭѪ֮ɫԽء
СӾȻڤȣ룬ҵżɱ㣬ֻҪͿˡѪе̣Ȼ֪Ҷľλá
ҶСǰ·ϳֵͳͳˣȥ֮Իȡʯ
һʱʱ䣬Ҷ뿪ڤȣһƬҵشҪ߳ܶ࣬Ϊشһɽ궼ҽ䣬Ҳݲ
Ҳһֹޣʳޣ޵ʳҽȫͨ죬µҽʳ˵õʳ
ڽƬʱҶʮСģǱͷʳ޶ˣԺǿûκεطܶܣҶܿͱ©ǰ
ͷʳ޽ҶΧһͺȻǲϲྫѪ˽ǵ̣Ƿ׼̤
ҶһûгӣçȻǿ󣬵ٶȲУʳʵҪȹçϺܶ࣬ʳ޵ٶࡣ
ֻʳҶǻͻȻ֮䣬һͷҶ˹ޱȣ٣ǡ
ţͷһˣֱ𹥻Ҷλڿн֯Ҷ͸ߣܿ滹մɫҽ
׺ϢҪҶûſҶҧ˹ȥ
Ҷŭһ䣬ʮָðɭɫָ׳һͷʳ޵ĸץ˹ȥһ磬ץĿ
ͣ
ٶȿ죬ҶٶȲָ͸ʳ޵壬ĸ˫һ飬Ȼʳ޵һ˳Ѫӿ澫˳ҶֱۣС
ҶоһﱻˣЩʳ溬д֮飬Щǳҽ֮γɣ˻澫ͳͳҶ档
𣡡
ʳ޳ʹһҪÿҶ뿪ٴδһҶʮ˷ܣ򿪵һʵٴһʵ
Ҷ²ûȻû٣ǵڷ
ҲգۼĹͷʳޱҶɸʬ˫צһ˺ѣʳ˺ãҶסͷʳޣһ䣬˫צҲʳ޸ץ˹ȥ
꣡
ͷ·жһ㣬Ҷ㿪ʼͷʳ޵ľ￪ʼգ֮ӿ룬ݱɻʼҶڿٱǡ
һ˺࣬Ҷ㳹׻ضûУĲһͷʳ޷·ˣȻҪߡ
Ҷ㻯Ϊһֻ߸Ծ£˫ֲһͷʳ޵ĺϣʼ˱
ͷ֮ҶδʵȻ٣ǲδﵽҪ弫ȱٻ֮
ҽ¶̫ߣҶ޷ҽֻܴ֮֮ʳȡͷʳԶԶҶ
ԶʮͷʳޣҶ˸һ˿âʧԭأʮͷʳ޿
˳ǿʮͷʳͬʱҶȫΧһŭ˫ڵϲŲԶͬʬ壬ʮͷʳޱŭˡ
ָûջأ֮âҶԥȥɱʼ
ʳ뷢ŭ𣬿һͬпҶУһ࣬ڵϣŭ
ʮͷʳ޵ķˣҶܣҶҪɱǣغϾȫɱ
Ҷ㲻żɱʳһͷͷ٣ľȫݱɻ뵽ҶУ⵽档
Ҳһյʱ䣬ʮͷֻʣ⣬Ҷ㻺վȻʮͷʳޣûдﵽֻͣܵȵԺлѰһ֮Ķˡ
ʱ϶һ㣬һʱգ۶ҶϮһһɫ޵ĺŨңһɫҶ㲻·Ҹĵطҹ
̫ΣգҶΪ޷вǲҴ⣬ҹ·ʮΣգǿޣҹ߲׳Կ
ɫûȫҶҵһ޴㹻ɽȥʼָ
ϣµʱҶУܴ޺һЩĲҽһʱ䣬֪ж˻Ұ֮ڡ
ڶ֮Ҷ˵׼·һɱҶΣյж˲٣ʱ̶־衣
һʱ䣬ҵˡ
һЦҶ㲻Զ޷εĵӳҶ˹ͷҶӦüǵãзꡣ
˼Ҷ֮ϴŲЦݣҶȥ·
ôҵҵģ޷ֱԵľλðɡ
Ҷʮ侲Щôڶ̶һʱ֮ڣͷټʮֲ⡣
СӣȻҪˣǾһ׹ֻҪҲ𡣡ȺҲУϴЦƵõѧԺ߲֮󣬺õĲˡ
ԷгһһĶҶˣ׷ֻ̣Ҫڱ׷һֹأ׷̶֪˾λá
ҶһУѹڱƴʱ򣬴ѧԺͻȻסȥ·ʱ;òԾʵߣȴƫƫҪ֮Ҷɣʱŵһɹδ⡣
Ϊۺ죬Ⱥں޲ȥ˺Ҷ㣬ֱӽɱΪѧԺŴȹھھӢҲŽǰʮȻѧԺҶŰǴεĳ裬ֱҪɱҪܡ
裬ֻѪϴˢԵһμɱֻɱҶ㣬ܽħ
Ҷ㣬㵱ң˳𲻹죬ڣȰ㻹ǹԹԲãǶ֡
ȺЦˣϻзʦ֣ɱҶӦǰ϶飬޹˼ɵĴЦ
ΰɣȻδܽɱ˾ߣһҲܽɱұȥǣȻˣݹҽһɱ
ҶЦȫûнЩ˷
ÿĿҵҪôȫɱ
һ֣ǳԷ֮ڣǽֹ֣ļƣʮѲ


41 ɱ
ǳֵһ̣Ҷһֱס꣬ҶһǱв·һߣҶʮ־衣
˲Ϊ壬ʵȫԴݿ࣬ջ֮ǣҶĴ
Ϊһӳǵ𣿼Ȼ㲻ԲãǾͰУȻȥιޣҪôҧȺҶ㱻޿ʳӣЦΧѣ
ȺЦ֮˷ֱγһȦӣҶûܣΪɱҶ㣬û˼Ϳʼ
йҪ𣿡ҶЦһȻˣǾǲݡ
ѧԺѧԺϱźҲάֱƽˣ˽¶ٵ໥
ҶһѧԺţɱһֱ˫ֶΣ˴ŵӣԷӢӣЩ갵˺ܶ¡
ˣȺкһһҶ֣Ǹ֣һɫĺأһǾӢеٮٮߡ
ƾǣΰȫɱˣѧԺһԪ˰ɣ
˵ĹҶЦһǹδʱҶ巴ȥ
ͷȻӲȺϸЦ
һɱôţѧԺ֪θ룡ҶЦһ
ɫڿзѤɫʣ𵴳ƣȫҶ
˳Ҷη壬䣬ʧԭأһȭͷƾճ֣ӡһϡ
飡
һȻɵ˿УƾըΪһڵϡ
ǿҶоԼһµĸ߶ȣһȭȻ˴ࡣ
Χ֮£Ҷ㻹ڳʱɱһˣ֪ҶٶҪǿϺܶ࣬ϼ֮УȫҶӰӡ
Ⱥ󾪣û뵽̶̼ʱ䣬Ҷǿ٣ɱŨңôɳȥԺɱҶ㣬ϼѡ
ٻһ˵ٶȶȻӿ죬һҶ
䣡
һɾ޴ʣҶ壬һҶӲһУȭע˫֮ϣݺݵĻػȥ
似ڿըһҶҲֻǻ˻ΣٴȥһͷҰǣʮ׺ݡ
ԥһ似ѤʣٴϣղűҶһȭһˣ˵飬ڳֻзվһԣδ֣ǹۿɱ
һ˿ָײԾð˳ҪǰֳһЩӲָ׷һһԾҶȥʼʳһС
ϣ
ŭĳҶ˫һץץ飬ҶзȥΪǣ·һ꣬ŭ

ղֳֳӷһĲҽȻɸӣҶĳڷȥѣĲ
󵨣ȺŭˣȻҶɱüˣʮŭ
겻֣Ⱥʮֽ񲻶ʾ⣬ϣϽ֣ǷţӶȻҶϡ
ڶĹֵˣҶ崩ڸ似֮УͥŲƮ죬Щ似޷˺
ģ
һҽУһʮշǰ󶴣౻Ҷ˳ѪѪһء
嵹ڵϿʼ鴤Ӻ󳹵
Ӱÿһ˵ϣȺƺоԭΪзʦһɱҶ㣬Ƿѹûдֵ˼
ʦ֣֣ȻǶҪȺסˣ꺰
ȺĺУȻ˫ֱأһֵӣ޶ãʣ˸оѵʦҪǲˡ
ɱҶֱײһ˫ץĿ
Ҫ
һҽлδ˵ڿķѣѪѪ꣬Բʮ׵شȾ졣
ûһɾĵطѪ⣬Ŷ̱ǵѪʼ
꣡
˫צһӵĲϣҶŭɣŵһ£ҪģҶ㵥һ󣬲ӱˡ
嶪ղŻˣֻʣȺһսսֱֳָҶ㣬Ȼҳˡ
㲻ҪҪʲô
Ҷ㲽ƣȺȥҶ㡣
ȫɱȻ˫մѪҶһɱȺ̶ʱ䣬ҶԴݿķʽնˡ
Ҫʲôý𣿸ղ˵ʲôҪҴˣȥιޣĽǳĺãҲҪôʳ塣
ҶЦȺղһԷ
ȰϽס֣һ᷽ʦֳ֣ͻὫɱȺǰϣڷϡ
۽Ƴһ·꣬Ȼվԭأ޶ȺʮżΪʲôһֱ֣һҶС
ҶÿһȺͺһ񱩵ɱѹȵȺ޷̧ͷ
㡭ҪʲôȺ·ǻɽ˾ҪУžҶ
ܼ򵥣ȥҶȻȺȥȺôǿҲ̥޷ŨҵĻ档
ÿ
˵ˣƺе䣬һ޵Ľ⳯Ҷ˹
Ҷһӣɣڿдһײ
ϳ֣Ⱥһ͸أ·ӹŹһ⣬ȫʪ͸
ŶȣҵˣҶתӣûɱȺꡣ
ȺҶ˵ʱɱҶˣҴ⣬ȫע
ʵܲ鱨Ͻʵ˵ҲŹһΣԭһֱڵҶôʱڿʵܡ
ԭһֱ֣ʵϣҵֽȫɱ֮ø˷һҶ㶴Ϥ˷Ĺƣ˵깤ļƣȻһ㡣
ûȷʵ֣Ƕɱû֪һϵˡûзϣ˿վһ𾪵Ⱥ
ʦ֣ôѵ˼֮ͬ𡣡Ⱥŭ
׳յĶһ䣬г˲ʣһƥ¡
꣡
ȺһΪûҶУǱɱˣŲʳ浹ȥ
úݶֶΣݣļƣҶҲòֶΣͬʦֵ˵ɱɱˣݺݾҶٴθ߿һۡ
ûˣԽϵ˵ҿһʣɱȺϱ˿û䣬·ɱһֻһ㡣
Ҫ֪ϵܣͿûˡ
Ҷʱ磬ע⣬ҶҲ֪޿ɱ⣬϶졣
ʱ䣬һķȻսʤأٶ˵Ŀ࣬Ѿ˿ʼҶ㣬֪ôģΪҶõʲô
ȻˣҾȡ˵꣬ǰ㣬һצҶץ˹


42 
צǵأϱռһ죬ٶޱȡ
ڵķ꣬Ҷ㵯𣬷¡¡һ˫צΪһ⣬ݺݵĳץ˹ȥ
ղżҶ˫צɱˣƺʮּɵҶצһ䣬һ˫צѹҶǰץܿҶ潻档
ٶҪȺǿϺܶ࣬ǸҶȣ࣬ڱƴʱҶ˦һյʱ䡣
곷УΪҶЦһͼ㵽ˣָջأһȭ
䣡
ȭͷڿųһ𻨣һˣʼӣһСʯ鱻ѹ顣
˫ڿһڣ岽򵥽һ
Ҷޱ飬ŵЦŷ꣬ղһҶȫռϷ磬֮㽫ѹ
갵ľȫҶô˻ܴﵽ֮ԭΪҶܴﵽ֮Ҳ͹Ҷʵ
ϣ
ʣһ˳ϿҲմ˲
ܽת뿪Ӵ˲鷳ƽ͸һ԰۽ڴѧԺָǳţ֮ڣҶնɱ
ĽҶɫأһʥȡģܴһУǲһƿĽ
гһµĸӣ͸Žɫ·˸һɹâ·Ҫȥ
δ֣˶㣬ɫأԼһɲҶҰްе
һ
ȶˣףƺգ͸񷣬ֱϣ·˺ɽ˸졣
Ƿĳ׽һУһбһǿ󣬴ܹ벽쾳ʵǳǿ
ûжɱն£ԲѦ츫ѹ죬ζһѷҶĽŵȥƥĸӡпݺݿȥ
ն
ղŻǳ콣ƣڸӳܿһ̣Ų˼飬Žɢھ޸ǰԵޱСҶȻһеĵز
ϣ
ҶĽƵݺݵڳϣһƽ⣬бҶԱķʽ߽Է
һ֮ʢڶй
׶
˺ѵ棬˺ѿ᳤磬ɢһƥһŭȣŲһ̤ӣ֮ն˹

ܹһ磬ЩȭͷСʯ鿪ʼٱĽи֧顣
ҶһԽը̧֮ûκεͽɱ֮Уһɽɫâ͸γɰ״
޵ն
£ҶȥǰĽһѿھǰһжȻ߳Ҷ㲻٣۷Ҳ֮֮ҶȣԶ
飡
һ·ͬʱըڿ˸һĻ棬ɢ޷ֵҶĽŲķʽǰҶŽŲʼݻһС
Ҷٶȿǣ˲ֵǰһȭݺ˹ȥҶĴʮֲпᣬÿһȭÿһƣļ£겻Ҵ⣬ǿܿǱȭɨ
ͣ
½ǱɨУΪɢڿУаԾƺʧˣеڵΪʲôһɱҶ㡣
תۼݺᣬСͽڿռƮγϽ
׹
ˣҪȸղлҪǿ󣬽Ҷ
ҲˣҶЦһѾУҶ֪ĵ
㳢ҵľУ
£似Ӱӣʵ޻Ѧ츫кһҶ㴴ʽ࣬ԽһУﵽ˸߼似۷塣
¡¡
ռ俪ʼζ֮ûɱʼӣҶһ˿âǽʱˡ
ǣ
ܽҶĸӡǿ飬ҲƵ޷ֵҶ㺬ŭһ
ӡݺݵӡڳϣǿҵı÷Ĥۣ޷Ҷ㵽ӵжôǿԽ˺۷ȣⲻˣ಻ӵô
㲻ˣ֣ħôǿͷ飬һӣҶŭ
ͳһħĹɣ
ҶᣬŸ飬Լ֪֮⣬û֪һӵоűʵϵõ죬ոҶ֮ԼȲпķʽ׽
꣡
һѣΪ飬ɳȥ
䣡ˣҶƱƵ޴ܣ񱩵
ɣ
Ҷһٴ£ŸӡͷϷҡ
ӣ
ȫ벻ķʽ
꣡һΪӴΪ⣬Ȳȥ
ջأűʬ壬ҶûκʼɨսЩ˶ǴѧԺӢӣӦзԴ
һҵöָҶ̽һ괢ָȻһöʯдռݣͳͳҶռС
ɱ֮Ҷ㰴յͼıǣĳϷɽȥҶҲżȥҲûãϷɽЩаħ޸ǹȥȥֻܱаħ޲ɱ
ֻеԲ֮ҹЩаħ޲ҳ֣ʱǽϷɽɼݾʱҶҲż˽Ų
һ˳ɼݣҶ㴢ָԽԽ࣬óȥܻȡüöʯˣ㹻һʱ䡣
תۼʱȥˣҶһƬƽԭشƽԭǰӦϼȣƽԭشҶǿӲ֡
飡
ҶڶγȭǱ˻оȭͷϣֱ顣
Ⱪ޵̫ǿ׳ˣҵһȭȻ޷ˣ˳ȥ
ǰӴҶƽԭشҶһͷޣǿ׳ȫһס޷ƿķ
ǰȭ۽ǾȻԻı飬ƺűӡ
ԲۣȻޱˣ
ͷ޵˾۷壬кʱܿޣӶ뿪Ѿǡ
޵ɸңֱߣһ״ƺӣҪȺǿʮҲֹ
ҶͷϻһǣǹУ϶Ǵǿ־ǾްĴڡ
Ȼˣֻҵ
ҶһݣȻñӶָдľˣݽߣҶٻָⱩ޵һ֡
𣡡
޺ҶĻһŭһȭҶ


43 
һ˿˿ҶȭͷϱŷγһҶֱֱĺȥ
޵Ƽ̯״һţһ󣬿ܱ죬һܽĳֱ࣬ʮֲֿ
һһ޷ĳڵһ㣬һƵ
飡
һ״̵Ŀˮ˻ݺݵĳƷɳȥƽԭϳһղʴԶĵط
֮Ȼ޷ˣҶһ˿âŲһ̤ڶȭֵˡ
Ҫ֪ҶʵȻԺ۷壬Ҷ㶼һȭɱջ֮ôʵѴﵽֲĵزԱޣҶȻ޷ˡ
Ҷȭͷ¡¡һεҪȸղǿ١
޷һУƺҶľٶŭˣŴСİƺݺݵĳҶӡ˹
Ȼ޼ӴҪȸղſһ࣬һѿ·һ㣬ȥ
ģ
Ҷһ޼ȭ
ģ
Ҷһ޳ʤ׷˿Ҷ㴭ϢĻᡣ
ģ
Ҷ岽
һӣȴСȭͷֵˣһεǿ£͸һɺ޵ζ
䣡
ĽҶڿлһߣһȣһѪ˳һȭȻ޻ˡ
ãҶдҩݣǲæóöãܵ˺ָܿõ˼󷢻ӣҶоһЩ
ɱĴѧԺӢӣǷ꣬ҶʱΪԴÿλúôһԺ쾳֣Ҳһս֮
ҵһЩƵĵҩȥ峹׻ָָֻһս⣬ҶеȲһ˳ȥ
ķѣ
޼Ҷ˲ָһ˿ɻȻǣǲߣܶ˼֪Ҷҩָһ
ӴƽҶȭͷֵҶݺݵ˦˳ȥ޶ŭ
ȣ
ҶûֹͣһζһЩ仯ղҶʵʵĹҶʩչӰζʱʮȭڱ޵ϡ
𣡡
󣬿ٶȲҶ㣬ҶתȻЩȭͷ޷˺Ǹоһʹ
¡¡
޵Ȼʼθߣһ츳ܣܼѪøǿ
ϣ
Ҷһȭ·ڸϣȻ˻޵øǿ

ܷ·һ磬޵ֱһ趯ղŻŴСİƣȻŴһݺݵĳҶɨ
ãҶæܣ޵ǿһâ
弱ٱˣܿƣܵҶܿٻָɨУ˵ˣŪҪ飬ĳࡣ
ͣ
ҶоԼ󱳴ʹƷɨˣ͸·ֱＡ
ΪҲκ𡣡Ҷŭˣһ˿塣
¡¡Ҷ巢ŵȭͷ˸ŵӰӣŸȫŷҶȭͷΪǣֱ𹥻޾Ÿλ
ǣ
ÿһȭڱ޵ϣǵ͸ıƤ͸ͷϣðҶ͸Ӳۼףڲ
꣡
һȭֱϣͷһȭҶصֱĵشƿ޵ķݺһ
𣡡
޲ҽһҵʹϮȫҶһȭգۼĵطȻֱۣҶһط֡
Сȭͷÿһײܲǿ𶯣һټԭҰϻص
ȭұۿʼʹȥ޵ұʧȥжֻۻ衣
һ۰вҶ㹥ٶȸӿ٣һǣѩ׵ƺݺݵĴڱ޵Ŀϣ͸ۼף뱩޵ڲ
飡
ޱ׾룬Ȼ䣬ɨ˹ҶܲȻɨУݺݵҶϡ
ۣ
һɺѪ´ѪҶ嵹ɳȥڵϣɫҰס
Ҷ㲻ܣҲܣæóԼҩɣܵĴڼٻָ
ǱͬҪܳһʱҶ϶ٸˡ
ɵÿһöɷٶǼʮ꣬аϵݣͳͳΪʴ뵤֮УҶоԼСŻȼգֲֽ⵽ŸС
ղŻϵĵطʼˣĻָԭģҶĻָ̫ǿʮ֮ȫʧ
ƳȭҶ㳯޻˹ȥÿһҶƾһ֣֮۷壬ԼҪ͸֮
޽ΣȻˣҶõ˴Ļᣬǲ٣ӽ֮۷塣
䣡
Ҷʧԭأٶȿ磬һȭֱֱĻڱؿ֮ϣһ˻Ǿ˻ĵ
ˣ
޵ϵˣ˼ʮʵĳȥȫ⣬һУһܲ죬Ӵ뿪һжҶˡ
ɷŹ
Ⱪ޵溬дʺȣҶָವһ˳޵С
̵ľѪŨ˳Ҷֱת뵽֮С
һ˵ĸоҶͷʮֹ죬֮󣬾ȻƤȥ
ţҶоԼëһë沼ϸСۼףǱ޶еʣƬ֮תµӳҶƤ档
ڷӿ룬ֱ۵زٵ󱳣˫ȣȫĴϸСۼס
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һ쾳׼һ֮ԺõʣϻһЩܴﵽ֮ЩӣˣҲܳɾ֮Ƿëǡ
ܴﵽ֮ԴҲҲҵҲǰ벽쾳ӵ֮
֮δţδҶоŸҲ֮ﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
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Ҷǣֱ۷ײȫըԵһ㣬ڼ档
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ҶܿϳЩһϲȺӵޣʵǺǿԲϲȺӣϾԸһǿҵӾǳ𺳡
ֻˮͰСųƠһСޣʵںң޳֮УƺҲᱻѹ
ҲգۼĹ򣬳ǧĠ濪ʼζҶ޿ɱܣֻܳǰȥϣܴһͨ
Щܵ˾ţҶ֮󣬾ȻƿԶĵط룬Ҷʮɻѵ﷢ʲô飿
ȻܿҶ㣬Ǻ޶ֱܲӳҶײ˹
飡
һѪڿըҶȭͷ˹Ġࡣ
վԭأҶûǰ߼ӹĠʱ̾裬ԷͻȻϮԶܲޣҶֱһȭ򱬡
һʱҶһРʧҶǰԶȥ
գҺֻ룬ûй򣬲ȻѶԸҶ
ҶҶ㳯ϼȿٸȥһ·֮ϻܿ޳Զ룬ҶԽԽɻ󣬵ȳʲô飬Ϊʲô޶뿪
һͷӴ޴Ҷ߼۶Ҷһۣ޹ļͻȻҶƺоһ˿
ӿ˽Ųһ֮ϼȳҶǰϼȣܽϷɽȵԲ֮ҹͿԽϷɽɼݡ
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飡
һֻȭͷд˳һӰ֣ȭͷֱֱҶֱϣʮ־޴ҶһΣȥжһұۻǸо顣
ӰûֹͣһһĲӳҶԴޱȣӳֵȫһɱ֡

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Һǣֵ˸ղһҶȻֱʹһɱҶ
Ȼһ㣬ȻҵľɱһѾʧˣȻҲߵ
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ѾˣҲȥǰɣ
ҶŭһһȭݺݵĳԶ£ȭ緢סԶÿһ·
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ҶһȭԶӲйĲһ˻ӰٴʧҶȭͷڿϣһը
ڶԷʧһ̣ҶɨҪԶʲôط
ܾģԶǿһˣȫʧһ㲨ûС
ݣ
һƿҶź洫ȻʹðֱɵֶΣҶŭ
Ӱһһ˳ȥ滹ðɭâȻͿо綾

ҶһȭǸղųְķӦҲԶصĵط
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ռ䷺һ㲦һӰӿռд˳ԶȻù䣬
ɱ
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꣡
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ģ
ԶݺݵˤڵϣһصĻҳֻʣһҶһȭǰһ󶴣Ѫӿ
Ҫɱң
ҶɱһԶˣʼģͲͷˣĿ־忪ʼӡ
ߣģǴѧԺһҰģ봦Ҷ죬˵һŹ𡣡ҶЦ
ֻҪ㲻ɱңҿԸһܡ
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һδѧԺƱһĿľǽѧԺһ򾡣뿪ǰϷɽһǵȦС
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˵ô£ôһʲôȦס
ҶҪ˽ЩⱻĴֲҶԷȻ˲𣬿϶жҶҪȫա
һδͷǴѧԺǿйƱĹ𣚣ֻҪѧԺӣһɱԶ˵
ѵƱʵǿĲǹѪҶʵ
ǣֻ֪Ѫⲻ֪Ʊʵǿĵӽй𣚣˸׺ݣҪȹѪǿһ࣬˵ʼֻ֮һžܽ쾳Զ͡
Ҷ˼һ£ƱƣڱƴʱҶ͸ܵһɴĿԭһֱȺУùѪȥͷƣʧȥ
Ϊβһ𣬶ң
Ѿȥʱ䣬󲿷ӦöҪϷɽˣҶֻǷŻ˽ŲŸϵϼȣȴһֱǱԶ
һϵܣ֪ʱΪͻͽ˶ϻȡܡ
ԶЦһǵ͹Ҷ㣬Ϊ͵Ϯ϶ɱҶ㣬֪Ҷ˿£ںѾˡ
ҶüһϷɽ֮עƽˣҶԸϷɽһҪȥôȥҶҪһԷȦ֮С
˵Ҷ˵ˣǲǿԷҡԶŽҶʵ
⣬ӣҶһԶϣһ·һöԶˡ
㡭Զֻû˵ͷ˳ȥֱ˹ȥﱻҶһ顣
ҼȻӦ㣬ѾˣܻܲųȥͿ컯ˡ
ûһԵԶҶĴָϼȥ
һɺѪϼһ֮ϣԶԶĿһӰӳ߿һɺ촽źˣȻҵʱ䡣
ѪѾʱˣΪľǵҶǰ


45 ʳ˳
һҶ˽Ųڷղŵ飬һ·֮Сǰر֪ѧԺƱһ𣬸Ǿ衣
ϼȱضֻ磬ܴ֮⣬Ҷ㻹δ˱Ƕ飬ﵹһԴ
УҶ滺һ½ŵɫ۵ףҶ鿪ʲ٣ղű͵Ϯĸɢȥ
뻨ҶĽŲøӻоһ޵ɱҶһս׼
ҶѰɱԴʱɱʧˣָܻƽ
ҡҡͷ֪һΣգߵľԣرǲϾɱҶδ֪ΣǱڸ֪
˻֮󣬾ϼȵĳڲǺԶǰ涼ÿ֦Ҷïа֮ߣգӰʮҲ޷
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ҶҲýͣȻԷΪԼΪܳΣŲβƾͼƣУֶΪ
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һɷݱһֻħһڵϱ֪ܰѪɱ˶飬ֲֿɷ
ǵС֮ˣŨɷֱȻսҲۿۣΪɷӰһ˵ԣʧȥж
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ҶһǵصɷҶֻһУǺݺݵȥƳնһС
ȭͷϸһâΪһǣ˫һ̤ҶʧԭأһȭֱֱĳѪɨȥ
񱩵ŰҶ߿ʼըһѿӣɺħȥ
飡
ҶȭͷݺݵӡѪɫϣһը͵籩ڰŽҶϣıʼϯܣЩСľ˲䱻ĴݲС
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弱ٱˣҶоֱһѪʮǿҲ֮Ҷ㱬Ÿ˲佫ѹ
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Ȼ㲻˵Ҿʩչѻ󷨣һὫãҿ㻹ô
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ѻһʮаĹʩöԷԣõĶʮֲпᣬıʹֱɿݡ
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Щʳ˳棬֪ѪɱˣմѪҶʳ˳ʳཫһԵЩ͸ϣҪ
СӣҵģȻˣҾ㳢ʳ˳
ѪɫҶһֱۣˣʳ˳ʱ˹ʳҶ壬Ѫ⡣
ϻ˵ֻ֮һܴ߳ȥҶÆ£â䣬ƺ͸
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Ҷ޿ɱܣ޸貹âŸȻ񱩵ᴩ񷣬¡һ֮ȫ濪ʼζ
ͻȻһ󱩶һɢ͸ӣʼȼտռ䣬ƻ棬ʵݻл֮Դ


46 ɱ
ǵصʳ˳潫ܿռ䶼ˣŻǻҶһ񺮣иն£һ״ƻ֡
Ҷʳ֮󣬵洢ͷųһʵ棬ʼȼգʵǣ¶ȷǳĸߣΪ֮Դ
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Ҳʱ䣬ʳ˳һ룬Ҷӿ˹ٶȣӵܿռȫڸǣϴһʳ˳档
СӣҪɱ㣡
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ɽ棬淢žҶڻԱߣѪĴָ˳ʼԴ
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мĿ⣬綾һ㣬ȫɢһ֮ǹƱݣͷ˾ȻǹѪһйˣ·ߣϺɨһۣ˽Ⱥ֮С

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ʱʧתۼ佻Ҳһʱ䣬Ѿ˿ʼоƣҧս
飡
һ쳹Ϸɽܳ߸Ծǿ˽һܲУ嵹ɳȥ
ۣ
ܳ³һѪӵҪǿĶ࣬һȭÿܳܵ˺
ҪνķˣǻǹԹԵɣȻһὫȫͽаħߣ
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ڴʱһƥĸӡն£˫м䣬ֿһͨռ䷢һ¡¡·һ㣬һ޵ƴ


47 ŭն
սȻĽ׶ΣѧԺսȥ綼ᱻѧԺƱɱÿ˶ҧ֡
ɱ죬ϻϴѪѧԺ߲ٵѸˣһЩ˿ڶ񻯣Ѫ
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Сӣ㲻ãҴһɱ㡣һϤӰվȺǰ棬ָҶʮֿꡣ
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͵ϮЦɱҲҪɱǡҶЦ
ѧԺƱҰģȻҪȽѧԺһ򾡣ҶýȫɱĴ㡣
ݺݵҶϣղһûзӦȵӦʱ򣬹޹ѾĲҶֵٶֺ̫飬һɱ
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СӣȥˡżҶʵ
ӢȥɱҶ飬ڴѧԺʲôܣҶĳϷɽǷȥˣֻֿܣһǱҶɱһûҵҶ㣬·ϣ޿С
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һ϶ѣɱҲɱˡҶЦں޳УҺﱬʬգһ١
úúãҪĽƤΪȥĵܱܵ𡣡ܽܶסŽѧԺǰĵһߡ
ĿԴҶȻЦ
Ⱥ˳ֽҶɱ
ȥҾСӺѶԸҶֵһ̣ǿû뿪Ҷ㣬߳ǿûֹǷԸһɱҶ㡣
ǣʦ֣
ȭͷȫһžŤһ壬һɿ񱩵ƴϱ·ڻζ
м䲻ԾڳһƬյأҪ˽֣ѧԺߵӶĬĬΪҶͣҶˣˣǺܿͻҵĲʳ
СʦܣҶ洫һҶתͷ˵Ŀⶼۼϣղ˵ңʦСģ
ңղűмѾѪܵ˺Ҷ˵
Ҷ˵ͷһĵЦݣҲ̶̼ʮʱ䣬ѧԺһ
վ¶ݵЦݣҪҶ߳ӣ첲Ҫ˳һӰؿֲ
Сӣɣɱ㣬һڽȫɱЦһȴСİֱֱĳҶɨ˹һ磬֮
ߣ
Ҷһȭͷɨݺݵײȥ
飡
ռһǿ𵴣һǿʼϯЩվĽĵӾȻ޷ܷˣˣ֪һжôֲ
ǣ
һĹͷڿƮȭͷײһѸ֮ƣ弱ٺˣֱһѿֹǴӺ󱳴˳ʮֲ̡

һĲҽұ۲ˣӺð˳ʹ˺ѷΣͲʹιȥ
󾪣嵯гһһŭɨҶնʮֿ񱩣ݺᣬֱ𹥻Ҷλ

ָ״Ҷָð˳Ȼץ˹ȥʮֲбҶĹٶԼڳÿһˣȫҶпĴˡ
꣡
һѿȻҶһץ飬ʮָǰץȥתۼ͵˺ǰ
ͣ
ָ͸壬͵һҶֲ棬ԭأܶ
һĽɫҲҴССһٸɱȥֻ֮ʣƤͷĲ
һ˺廯Ϊ೯ѧԺǱ˹ȥ

ЩմĵӷҽһöӷɽһӵӻŷˣһЩ˶ĵĿʼŻ£Ҷ㤵ɱַˡ
˽Ҷ㳯˹ȥʱȫʧȥսҵʹѾұľȻָԺҲһˡ
ҶȭţͽƷѧԺ߸Ƿ˷ܺУȻепᣬʮֽҶ㣬ǶѾˡ
㡭㲻ҪҶ㳯Լֵ
ҶҪֶԸȺзɳһӰֹҶ㣬һ˴ѧԺĪʧǿˡ
͵Ϯٶҿ𣿡ҶЦһһбһ޵Ƴǿײ˹ȥ赲ĽŲһƶһȭݺݵؿϡ
䣡
߸߷ߵķݣһεмʮ׵ľ룬Ӵݺݵӡڵϣ嶼ˤˣΣ
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ǿɫʮֲÿȻղŲδȫһɻǸоһɺ޵Ҷһеļ¡
񳯹𯿴˹ȥ˫ж𾪣໥ʾһ£˽кˣ׼ѧԺȫû
ѧԺնɱӣƱҲ࣬Ѫˣ޹ҲˣһζŭĳǰѹһٴݻѧԺ
һԹۿֵɫһ𾪣ɻҲһ²ؼӣǴ󲿷˵ǿҶ㡣
ɱ
һƱĵһȣȫ˹һս


48 
Ҷնɱ֮󣬴ѧԺƱٴһ𣬷һηϮһٽѧԺȫ
ɱ
Ҷ׵壬һȭǰ˹ȥȭһƬʮҵӷڿըΪ⡣
ķѣ
ҶһҪӿɱٶȣܽ˫ƽһӰƾը죬Ҷһɱ٣ֱײЩ˻δѾ˲ء
ʬ
ȫҶӰӣŵȭӰ裬Ϊһһʮ˾ڿһŤĽʮ˸
ʯ٣
һݱɿŭԣ٣һɨɳʯһ𣬱ŭ˺ѣЩˣҶսֳһš
ȫӰˣйһ磬һ㣬ľʵǺǿĵһ˽ȥֻӷ纣Ĵ

žһĲҽЩ˻δӦҪԴּңҪּңûһģĨɱ
վҶ󷽵ѧԺˣȻҶǿսԼ׺ݵɱַ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
֪Ҷʵǿ󣬵û뵽ǿֵزɱ쾳κˣֻܱĽɱ
գۼĹ򣬵Ŵʬ壬ˣǴѧԺǹƱڵϲϰ
𣡡
ѧԺ߷һŭЩӷˣȻ˳˫һγ׵ɱһ
ղŴѧԺƱҪѧԺһңȫˡ
ĵӰٳҶ㿿Ũɱ
ȥɣ
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κ似Ӱӣ࣬ƥһҶѦ츫Уʵﵽ˸߼似Բһء
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ܿռ䷢ǵ·ռ䶼ܱѣµĺ¡ȫ˵ŭֻоҳ
䣡
һҶһӺݺն£˵ĹƱҶһǿϯҰݺݵĳȥ
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һ´ѧԺƱľѧóǵ汾³ɣҪǵͷ
Ҷһ޸£ǸղһУҪȸղӴĶ࣬Я֮ݺݵĳȥ
ѪӰƣ̫һа
ʩչ似ʩչһʮִƷӡһȾռ䣬ҪȹѪʵǿһ
ǿʩչһһȥ
似ǵأɫ֯һ趯Ҷ㼤
ն
Ҷ˫סӣǵص似˺յĽ޵İҶη壬һȥƿնա
ģ
һǿ𵴣似ڿըӰӷٷֿҶڿһһһһһУκκʹϢĻᡣ
Ҷ籩һĹսҶǿԼֲ޻֮˶֮ӣû뵽ҶǰԵСĴѹ
䣡
һ˵屻ݺݵɳȥ
ۣ
ѪǿɫܺÿһЩҲܾҺǿҳ
ɫԽԽԶճһĨѪ֮ɫаħ޺ˣȻ뿪Ϸɽ
濪ʼһζ·˵Զճһѷ죬޾ĺڰ͸ԹԼޱߵħѷ֮ɢ
Щڰе޷·ܵ˾ţԶ룬һаħҲˣ뿪Ϸɽӵ
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˶ӢӵвѧԺһؼһƬսĩˡ
¡¡
𶯵ԽԽǿңɽ嶼ʼҡһ£аħ޳ǳ˹
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˷󺰣űɵаħޣ־塣
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ܳкһȫȥ뿪Ϸɽɼݡ
ȵĵӵһˣûսΧаħ޳ԥѡãɽȥʮʱһȱȻͻ򿪡
Ҷεı˾סˣ޷뿪аħԽԽһ˿Ȼ֣֮ŵ³һѷ죬죬һ㡣
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һǿ֣Щںаħ޾Ȼѷ촫˽ȥʧʮֲֿ
֮۵ﵽ˼£쾳һӡڿлһ貹âɺħ⣬ϷɽһƬҡ
ѧԺȵѳȥӰˣֻҶǿй˼ս
ģ
ѣ˵屻ɳȥһ˶ˣѪȾǵҶҲܣսľ޴ڼټ١
һͷͷаħ޴ǵܹûйˣѷԽԽ󣬾Ҷֻа֮ңٲ뿪ͻᱻѷսȥ
ɱ
Ҷ˳ȥŸ˳ֱ۹עɱϣһâ֮һ𣬵ϵѷԽԽ
ɫ󾪣һ˿ҶѱʺȡһѪٴɢ
ƴˣ
֪ɱҶ㣬޷뿪ˣѷԽԽݲǿǡ
Ѫȼգ˿ʼȼԼҲҪҶɱһ
ˣ
ҶĽѪҺڣѸٳһ
ӻ£似֯һ𣬷ŭˡ
꣡
һӳܲסѹȣ屻顣

һҽУһ˳ܲסķѣҶһ
ǿѪɢȻҶ㣬Ҳû뿪ˣѷѾߡ
͸һ˿־壬һ˿Ȼ˷أҶ˹㽫Ҷѷ֮С

Ҷŭһȭɣ巢һķѡ
ڴʱǿһȭҶϡ
ۣ
һѪҶ嵹ɳȥñѷ˽ȥٽȥһ̣Ҷʩչһǿ峹׻


49 ħ
ѣһƬڰжѷʳҶҲ⣬屻һǿ֪ʲôطȥˡ
ѷһֱ켸ʮĵط𽥺ϣϷɽ¶ɽͷаħ֮ززԲﶼһͷޣЩĸҵӣʼɽ
ҶоԴγƯڿУƮƮҲ֪Ʈ
·һɲǣ·һ꣬Ҷ㻺˫ĿԼһƬɫ硣
ǰ׹⣬׹Ƕѻɵ磬ضǰ׹ǣ˹ǣ޹ǣǣħǣǿɹǣǣǧĹͷѻ棬ĴƯҶƯЩͷ֮С
ûһͷ˰׹ǣҶƮԶ֮Уֻ𾪣ܵľ󾪴ˡ
ô˶İ׹ǡ
Ҷ𾪵˵
һЩǿĹͷɢӨı⣬滹еǷ˵ĹͷѵˣɣҶԺһ档
˵£ܴսɽ磬ҶһֱΪֻһ˵ȫţǰҶ޷ͣЩͷ͸һȻڷˡ
ûʱ䷨ûпռ䷨򣬺һյ磬ҶҲ֪Ư˶ãо۾ôһֱţ׹糱ˮһ㣬
һɽһСǴԶƮȫɢһɺȻ꣬Ȼڣڹͷ޷ĥ
⡭ҶȻ岻ܶ۾ܿȫ֪ûʧȥоӴǵء
ֻڴ˵½Ĵ˵кܶܶ࣬˭ҲûмҲֻ÷棬Ƿ츲صĴڡ
ȣһΣһޣܰУǺܴһ֮һ
ֹٻ꣬£̤Ծֱ֮ʣԶԶȥ
Һ꣬ϵľųɾţµĲ֮һȻܻĽҶ㼷ѹ
建ʧתۼʧʣҶ峯ԶĵطƮȥһ·Ҷ̫ľȣ̫𾪱顣
ɽһľˣк纣зת֮ǣ޲ȻȻڣ滹
ϾҶ㲻֪쾳ͷ֮󣬾ͻữΪҽЩͷܾ겻֪ǰʵʮֲֿ˲ĵز
һΡߴħųʣɢޱħħŷԲ׵شûκιͷһƬյشҲ֪ħŵĺʲôһƬҶȻħƮ˹ȥ
Ҷ㿴ħ֮֮ɫǰħų׾סˡ
岻ܿƣ˳ħƮ˽ȥ·һƬޱ޼ʵĺڰҶ˫ۿκζֻζ
ѵҲҪ𣿡
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ʲôأΪֻܿ峯ĵطƮȥһ߳ʧҶʧ˺ڰУʧˡ
Ҷ˫ۣ۸ûʲôֻۣ֪ȥߵ
ģҶоһ糯˹峯ȥ
ˣ
Ҷ˵ϣڲƯڿУ˫ۣͻȻ磬Ȼһ֮С
˵һٳһռ䡣
̣
ҶоĤһʹһɺѹǵض˳ȥ
ӭħߣһ͸ϵܴȫ֪Ӻζ
㡭˭
Ҷһս׼ܣ˹ͺͺʯڣûκζ
Ҫ֪˭ߣȻ֪ˡٴδ
Ҷԥһ£ѡţȥ
ʮǰһţ룬棬ɢħħ״һͷͷޣҶȷ棬һ
СţֻһֻͨҵĿȣҶ̤ŵһ̣ħ񱻼ˣݻһͷͷħҶ˹
ҶһҪЩħ˵Żм׵ʱ޷һεĽƽǿ棬Ҷһ
ҶǰȥħٶԽԽ죬޷ƿһߣһ洫ëȻ
Ҷ㻨һʱ䣬ţ˹ȥǰһأҶ㲻Ҵ⣬ǰ
ʱǰһƬ磬ޱŨһ޴Ǻϥԭأȫ··ζһһס
Ǻ֮ҶͣΪǰûе·ŹǺ
ܲȻһηģܿħš
ڿռصȫ֪Ӻη
ǰ˵𣿡Ҷ㲻ȷߺ֮⣬Ҷɻ
ûңħߣ֤ҲԵˣܿħţ˵Ӧ֮ˡٴ
֪ǰָ㣡
ҶȫˣʲôԵˣʲôӦ֮ˣȫǱģһΣҶ϶ѡ뿪
Ժͻ֪һкܶǰɡ
ҶˣǴӺ֮дġ
˵ͷҶûзϡ
£ϸ˵Ǽ
Ҷֻڵϣ
ħߣ֮ǰһ׹ǰɡ
Ҷ˵ͷûзϡ
ħȣħĵط
ԭħȣ˻ħĺǣ壬壬
ôҶʵ
ɱġͻȻˣһɳħд˳ȥɰǱܿҶ㣬Ҷ嶼ˡ
Ҷһ˿Ȼ֮ɫȫţƯǧߺǾȻһ֣֮˾Լǰ
벻ɣҲ벻ϧҲľԪֻһƲ꣬ƲҲҪɢˣĳ֣ҿԶ˯֮СһįȻǰ۳޵УȻΪһѰ׹ǡ
Ҷû˵Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
ǲҪ֪ΪʲôҪɱǣҶʵ

һжǸ˵ĴݺңҳĹħȾһսȻɱˣҲˣħߣֻʣƲлꡣ
û˵ԭֻԹޣҶܸܵһɳŭаԹ̫ĲʸС
˭Ҷ㲻Ծʵ˽ȥҪ֪Ϊʲôֵ׷ʲô
ƽεˣҲ׵ˣȻΪһݺʦҳعħȡ
ȻûݣҶȻҧг˵ġ


50 ħű
͸ŷŭԼ裬Ҷĸܵ
Ĭ˼ʱ䣬ޱȼžʧˣҶ̧ͷǿ˹ȥ
ǰ㻹𣿡Ҷæʵ
ޱȼžֻҶڻص
һʵҲԼҪϸһ㣬ͻᷢҰģϧһʱ⣬űлɳˡ
һ̾Ϣ˳Ĭһеį͸һġ
ǰˣҲҪ̫黳ˡҶΪ˶ˣαٹڻ
ˣ˵ˣҵĲлܿҪɢ㣬ԸԸ̳ҵ²
һתҶʵ
ǰ˵Цˣܲ뿪ﶼδ֪ʲô˼̸̳ʲô²ҶЦһ
ȲùܲܳȥԸԸ⣿
Ҷüͷ΢壬Դת̳²϶Ϲлʶ硣
ˣħҶ㲻֪̳Ǻ»ǻ£һ̳ħ²ԼԺҲΪһħͷ׷ɱ
ԥʲôѵҵݣҶΪѵı飬ٴ˵
ǰˡ޷ֱǰʵݣ֪ħˡܴӦҶ˵ɻ
һЦ洫ЦҶ㲻֪룬ѵԼ˵ʲô
û뵽һۻʱ˵ħ壬ǿЦ֮ƺеɣ
ѵǰħ壿ħô¡Ҷʵ
ȻǣĹħܣܻҲܻħƥųû뵽챻СӰ˵һħ壬ɱ̾
ҶһͷߣʵҶĵҲ޵Ͼ˽̫ˡ
ֻҪϰһ飬ҾͽϹҵľɱȫ㣬ӴԺܰӲ񷣬ͳ硣·صǰһɺ졣
ҪʲôҶ׷̤۷壬ȡǿܸõıԼļˡ
ҰǸ˵Ķй˵壬߱ʦ档ŨŨ⡣
ºɡҶֻһѣ˵Щʵ̫ңԶ
ֻҪӦɣȻܿħţ֤Ӧ֮ˣԲõġŰϣҶܴӦ
ڿ˵ҿħţѵʲô𣿡
Ҷ㲢ħʲôΣգȻаħеֲҶ㲢δֺµӣʮֵȻ
Ȼ㲻ҪСħţһ˿Ĵ溦£ЩаħͻὫ޾ħ֮УֻĴν֮ˣܰȫȹˡ͵
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ˣʱ䲻ˣҼ򵥵ĸһ£ϣ㽫ʱ򣬰Ըָмƺһ˿ϣҶܴӦ
ǰ˵
Ҷʹ޵ľЩɱʦ߱飬ڷеͬλǰԼ׵ݺŵˣ䵽³
˲ܶԸģҽмѹڲлУȵһ֮󣬼Ȼͻ⿪ԸУҽԼ߱ʽڸ㣬ʺ㣬Բ仯ҶܸܵڼˣɢԶˡ
˵꣬һƽɫӺз˳û뵽Ҷü֮УӴԼͼҶԺ·ӡһҶۿΪ
ҽһĸ򣬻߱ʽڸˣڵֻһʽǿڶʽᱻ߱ʽмǣмǣ
ǣҶ㲻Ҵ⣬æ˵
ħű书һǸͽҲʮ죬ҺҲδڸҲ޸֮ħű书Ѿƣ˵Ƭκһ񼶹úУǺ۷塣ȻήҲ٣˵Ȿ
Ҷ㰵ľû˵ȥ
ⱾһΪű䣬ﵽھű䣬Ǻ۷֮ʱúðա
һ䣬ǳ䣬ǳ֮Уǳ֮ӴܰǺ
ΪҶһͣϾ̫ǿҶ;޷Ը
ڶ䣬ռ䣬Ҫͻƿռ䣬Ҫռ侧壬뵽֮Уռ䣬ħű书ǿ֮ܿȡһ
ҶǾȣһ㹦ֻǿٶȣҪǿֻ巨Ժһˡ
䣬ʱ䣡ҽͣʱ䷨Ҫǿĸ粻ȥһʱһؿص˵һ顣
ı䣬䣬Ҫ򵽷֮ڵľ˵ҲףԺĥ
䣬䣡Ԣ䣬ܸıܷĸıҪܴﵽ١
䣬ֻر䣬磬Ѿ̤ɽˣԺҲֻ֪صС
߱䣬Ǭ䣬ԢܵߵǬժǳ̤Ҳ¡
ڰ˱䣬Ҳؼһ䣬ųư䣬ҪԼȥÿ˵İ嶼ǲͬģ޷͡
һ䣬Ҳûдﵽϣʵ֣ڰ˱䣬ѾǺ޵УһΪԪ䣬꣬Ȼͷֻܸˡ
˵һ䣬еΣһؼڡ
Ҷԭأ侹Ȼɽ磬磬ժǳ̤£Ҷ㲻
ǰҶΪɽɽѾ£ҶһµĴų򿪣ޱȾ޴󣬺ޱߣվ棬һ㡣
ˣħű书ѾΪˣϣú
ԽԽƺʱɢؼ䡣
һǰ
Ҷ㳯ʩһ񣬱Ͼ˼ôĶݣȻҶӦԸҶܴܲﵽǸ߶ȻһҶҲ⡣
Ǹʵϴˢһ裬ҶΪһ£ﲻǸ߶ȣŵȻ޷ʵ֣Ҷ㿴ĺܿ
һƬžղŵʧˡ
ǰǰ㻹𣿡ҶͻȻܵһʧС
ܸ˽̸ҶջķᣬԺ˾Եá
ӣҿҪɢˣԺϣܽҺҸطᣬħȾʱ䣬ƿҪˣԳô뿪
󳹵ʧһƽ
ǰǰ
ҶصҲû˻شˣҶͷðһ˸УźǣСĽȥ֮Ҹõطڽ䰲ᡣ
𺡹֮ħȿʼζ˵һ㣬Ҷһæ汼ȥǰһѷ죬ûκԥ峯ѷȥ


51 ߱ʽ
ħȿʼζҶ𺡹ǣҶڷɱȥܿ죬ǰһѷ죬ҶԥԾѷС
ҶʧһǣѷԽԽ࣬ħȶʧˣƮɢؼ䡣

ҶȻֻصȣϷɽϣ³һ㰲ȫĳˡҶµ
֮ҶһԺжЩǴָڷߺǣҶһΪղΡ
ļ俪ʼϣħűݻ֣иͼԼʱҪע
ʱǰ죬ǳأҶ˫־죬תħű书ͻȻĳӿ
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ҶȻħű¼ȣԼÿЦһΣȫûпɱԡ
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ȥһ˹ƱԺ飬ǶȥɡԺһ֣˶˻ȥ
ڶ죬赼ʦڶЦݣҶԺӡ
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Сӣö쵤úˣȵͻƺ۷Ϳ̷쾳赼ʦóһƿСĽҶС
ӹƿҶϳ˷֮ɫ쵤Ǹ׸ĸ׾ͿԿ죬ʱڼλһݣҲһ¥Ҫǵ쾳ܻ굽ꡣ
лʦҶæʾл
Ӧõģʲô㣿赼ʦҶʵ
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ףһڿ֮ǰϻѧԺҶôãȵþһ졣
ҶҪص壬һдãϾԺڿԴｫһµľ룬Ҷ㲻˵ܻԳλᣬص壬ĸ׵ȽˣʱҲܰ뿪һ׷
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һɫӰ뿪ѧԺƳǸȥⲻ֪뿪ѧԺʱһӰĵĸȥ


55 
Ĺٵϣһ겻һٶϺܶ࣬ѵþķ⡣
Ҷ㣬赼ʦ֮Ҷ׼ص壬쵤׸ĸ쾳
Ϊɫ磬ٵûж˸·Ҷ㻹ʱ̱־裬ΪǸоһ޵Ϣ󣬵ȵͷʱϢʧ
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Ҷʧһ̣һӰ֮УʧȥҶӰӡ
ýƻСӣȻˣֿտҲﻹҶӰӡ
ܵ˺ܲǻص壬γļһˡһӰ֮Уֳӣű
һ֮ϣҶӰӰ棬ӣҶԭԷƹȥȴôһʱ䣬ɱӿӾȻҪ塣
Ҫ뿪һɱǵضһԶһȥ
һΪˣû뵽ҹɣ
ǴѧԺһʦйһҪɱҶ㣬һʱ͵ѧԺΧҶ뿪ѧԺĵĸ
˭ΪҪңҶ㻹ҪԷ
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56 Ǭ
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ȻѿǾڣҶʮָϱɺ죬Ѫת뵽ڷıǡ
ʱһҶ֮УҶȫһʮǿ
֮Ҷܿɹʲôӿյٶȣ֮ɢڿС
쵽еĲ˺۷壬𽥵ĽתתԽ࣬ʵҲԽǿ
ȷתһ͵ȵ쾳ƶ޷ɳ쾳۷塣
תԽ࣬ʵԽǿ˵ĳɾҲԽһֻǺܶ࣬ͳͳĶҶߡ
ҶŸľͱһգ·ʯ󺣣˻û
Բۣһ쾳ҵֻһ㣬Ҫ׽쾳ҪһҶ㱻Լֲĵﾪˡ
ǰҶ㻹ãԴħű֮ĵ񱻲ԽԽѾþűˣҶһöﶼҪͨһöϺü
ħűص޷Ŵ󣬲ǵﻹһɹʱӵǳ֮壬
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57 
Ƴ֮⣬һųӰ뿪⣡
Ҷ㽫ʮҩ֮ûлص壬ǳڷɽȥȥѰҵĲݡ
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벻ǺԶҲһʱʱ䣬Ҷ֮ǰ˺ڷɽܹ磬ڷɽʮأضǺɫʯͷһЩֲﶼǺɫģ쫷綼
ɫѾҶֹͣǰڷɽϣɷ֣ﵱħϢء
ҲǺܶǰˣԼǰڷɽģһսһЩаħȫ֮ɱݱɴսѪȾ˵棬ﳣ紵ɺɫĵһɺɫ
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Ҷվھڷɽһɽ֮ϣڷɽܾ۵ףڷɽֻһڣܶ˶ֻһȱڣҲֻһȱڲܽȥ
ι۲֮ҶҵһܷĵطϢȵɫһͽڷɽѰҵĲݡ
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Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬Ǹоͷ򵥣һﲻôǿǣͷѾӵԣҶҲ

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58 
ȫҴ⣬ȫûʲô֮ܽҶ޷󣬵ʲôܽǹĵز
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ʼѹΣҶ㽫̳ĺͳͳװָ֮Уռ䣬ɽʱÿտ
Զеľ㣬һ޴ĳӰڷڶѨҶ˹ȥ
Ӵһ˶ߣ׳ңǴͷųȥģҶ˵ţ濴ȥ
Բۣ
Ҷ㿴ľ󣬱˴ֿڣ˸̰Ŀ⡣
̫ˣЩֱ̫ݳˣҶ𾪵ųڷųǧҶ㱻ľٶˡ
֮ãƵҪɷ־ɼŽ棬ͣãһɫҺ壬ֱ͡
Ҷ㽫ʢȫ˳ֻҪװĶװϣľͰ֮Ķˡ
װһٶ̳ϧҶҲûװӻһҵĺƣֻЩҶʮֿϧЦһе̰ˡ
ɽضǣ֮ЩƳҶҲû̫Σת뿪Ѩ
ڵϣΧŴҶĶѨ߳ŭҶֲϣҶϽ뿪
弸ԾҶܿƽ̨ϣϣһյ֮Ҷ¶

Ҷ³һû뵽һκڷɽ֮Уջ֮࣬õĲݣҪĵõƣֻҪȥǲ˵һһʵķԾ
Ѿ룬ҶûбҪںڷɽɽȣҶһƬ֮УֻҪ֣ܽƳǡ
Ҷֲ̤ãǰһײս
Ҷ㱾£ƹȥתһ룬ûбҪ·ʻ˲°ˣһԾҶҵһΡ
濴ȥ໥ţֱֳʵǺǿҲͺҡ
ã˺ò֪ܣȻϵһŮһȣָǰꡣ
ݺΣ˭ҶҵӣȰ㻹ǹԹԵ־ܣǼźˣҲῼǷһ·õ¶һ֮ɫŮϴϵ´һ
ŮҲʮ꣬Ѿͣ㲻ˣڻƳһҲ㲻ɫˣ߻վһꡣ
޳ܣŮһ䡣
һỹи޳ܵģõ귢޳ܵЦгЦһЦ
һסǣû룬ֻҪصûˡŮվһ꣬гŮ˵
УҪһҶû֮ˡŮʮּᶨ˾ȻҶҵӣƼҵݺ⵽Χ
˭Ҳ뿪Ȼ콫ûд뿪ԹԵɡ͸䣬ıѾá
ߣҲҪ汳ģҶҵȻ֮ɫȻҪԷͬھ
ûôףǼźˣģеɱŮ¡ôż񣬳ĶŮ˫ϡ
޳ܣŮѾ޷ôǰ⼸ˣֻķŭ
˺ܿ콻սһҶӹٶȷǳ죬ͻΧȥ
ȣһҶ꿳ϻһ˴ЭѱܿУͻᱻʬ
ͣ
ʱһһȻƫˡ


59 ص
˺ܿ켤սһƽ˶һˣ˫ʵ޼ƼߺܿռϷ磬һҶһԻһЭ޷ܿ
ڴʱһ·һĨ⣬õĳϣһ
˭˭͵ϮѾƫҶ˳ȥ÷һŭ
гǶһʯӣȻһöʯӽƫɫһ£ֵʵʮǿܽʯǶڳϣһġ
ܾĵģû˻Ӧս뾲ֹҶҲһɻ֮ɫ
ηˣβһеĵطĳǰˣ
˸ܼ˵µﲻõˣˣ˱仯ǸղһĿһеӣһɼɵ
㲻ϣֻǿǵоˣҶҲأԶ˹£Ųӯ
Ҷ㣬𣿡ҶҲҶ㿴˹ȥ
Ҷ˵ͷҶ㲢İϴðոҶϢ꣬ҶСҶһ𳤴
ʱ䣬Ҷ㷢˷츲صı仯ǳ໹ʣ˼ı䣬ֻȻڣҶҲ˺ü۲ϳ
ʲôˣҶ㳯Ҷʵ
Ҷｫԭԭ˵һ飬ԭҶһǰɽ⵽ΧƵ˴
Ҷ㽫˿˹ȥϬòӣҶҲжţѧԺƲʯϢѾƼҡ
ϳֺɫҶʵȻûмƲʯʵǿ֪ԺľӢӣأͰҶУҲҡ
ÿԷһ첲ǿˣҶƽ˵·һй٣оɫ࣬粻
ƾʲôҪΪƼ㣬㣬ƼҶҶң÷ŭ
ƼפǣƳҲͰ룬ڷԲʵⲻ໥ĦݱɶԹ󵽵໥ɱ
𣿲ǿһˣ
Ҷһ˿ŭԭһ첲ǣڤ粻飬ȻҪҶңҶǡ
Ҷðɱ໥һۣбһҶ֣һҲлҶ㡣
ҶСģ
Ҷ￴һæѣҪսš
һȺ߹֪ʲô
ҶЦһһȭǰƳһͨΰסȭͻȻݺݵĻϡ
飡
ͻȻըһѪϣѪ⣬˵ȻҶһȭˣûһġ
ŻҶϾŮӣҵ״ȻŻƲͷȥ࿴
Ҷﱻԭأԭ֣û뵽Ҷһȭͽ˽Ǵݿķʽ
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ʱ֪ôģǼ𣿡Ҷʵ
ˣҲߣһصɡ
˵һһ𳯻ƳǸȥȵɫҪʱ̤ҶҴš
ҶصϢܿ촫˳ȥ嶼֪ˣķ֮ǰһ֮ٴλ
ԼӻҶԼҶĸ˸ĸεĽסԱʾ˼֮ġ
ѩ϶׼һЩòˣˣҪúõףһ¡Ҷĸ׳Ѿ˵
ϴλҶҴææΪżȥμŴȣûͻصѧԺһδ㸸ĸʱ䣬ҶѧԺȹоǷĸ̫ࡣ
ҶһԺУۼӣʲô¡
ףǵĻˣֻҪϼλһûֽɱʱλȻ䵽һϡҶҲУź⳯Ҷĵ
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Ǻãôˣ⼸һȥһһݷøλϣ֮󣬿ãҶȫðһɰ֮ѹ޷̧ͷ
һЦһ洫ҶԵܰһͣһֱԵҹĸ˺öö࣬Ҳǽ˺ö顣
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ô˷ѵѧԺʲô飿Ҷĸ״ŵɫʵ
ĸףȱ𼱣Ǽ£ĸ׵ĵӣҶһů
ʱҶѧԺıҶ͵ˣȻҶ㼫ΣҲڸǲҶϵ˷֮ɫ
ģһѧԺУһõһֵٽлö쵤Ҵ׸ĸ׷ãǶںأֻҪܷ쵤ܿܽ쾳ҶûԼĿ˵˳
ҶҶĸ໥һۣҶ㡣
˵ģҶõһǶ֪Ҷ쵤֪顣
Ȼģ쵤Ҷ˵óöҩϣһɵ֮ת
Ҷ쵤սƿУЩԱ©
֪һö쵤ļֵȥҶҾΣˡҶʱ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊ֪øĸãҶҵʵԺû˸ҶҡҶ֪쵤ջȥһҶҶΣա
öҩһöһö㸸ףʱͲҪˣҿʵҲ˺أö쵤ԺҲõϡҶĸ˷䡣
öҩǸǵģԼһöˡ
Ҷԭ˵⸸ĸģȥӵ쵤飬»죬ҶŲ˵¸ĸģʱò˵
ٴĿӣҶλ̫ˡ
²˳٣ףĸף׼׼ͻưɣҶѳ죬ĥԷ˼仯ˮ
ã׼ͻ쾳ҶԥĴӦ
ʵҶӦһϵΪ֪Ҷص壬λԣǰ¶ؼ֮λͻ쾳ʱͻȫת


60 
ڶ졣
ҶҶ㰾ƺõҩʼĿȫһ֮ó쵤һ̷ȥ
Ҷֿͻƣȵͻ֮ĸͻƣһֲһ޷Ӧ
ʱһһĹȥҶĶͷϳִˮ֮ųһ˿˿ڵʣתһʮʹḶ́תоʹ಻Զ
ʱȥˣҶֵ亹ʧһɹ֮ɢͻ첻Զˡ
ȵɽʱҶͻ쾳һǿϱҺ׼ѡڵͻơ
һͻҶ䲻֪ڵ½Уܶø죬кʯţϢ޷ݳȥ
֮ԽԽǿҶ˺üʱ䣬һֱھ۷壬һγɣת֮䣬Ѿ͡
̣ҹһ쫷磬Ҷڿ쾳ͷ֮ϳһУȥ
׽죬ҶԥӴָóʯڷܣӦҶա
̳ĺƱҶȡ˳ŵҶߣá
ԥҶڽ̷ȥʱ䣬ҵƸӿ񱩣Ҷĸ޷վ񱩵ƱƵǽǴ
õʲôҶĸԴʮο
һʱ֮Ҷ˫ۣһöʯĴ̳ѼףҶա
ϵƻջأҶϳ˷֮ɫڿľ磬죬ʵǿĲǼʮǴ
ҶĸͻƣϺȻҶ䣬ֱҹͻƣҶҲóʯкƣҶĸһҹ֮侹Ȼʮ꣬·صŮʱ
죬ܽ۹ųʮҲҶʱȥҲʮ꣬ǰ԰׵ͷȫڣ˿ޱȸߴ
׸ĸ׶죬ҶųЦݣһˣǰ״һļ壬˳֮
˸ףҶϷţóƣʼ
ڽͽ棬һɹɻС𣬻Ϊע뵽ÿһط
ԼٶرŸ·𼢿ʵӤ˱
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Ҳһʱʱ䣬Ҷ̳ƣ˰֮ڲ
ƺ޺֢ؾ۶ɵɣն٣ãҶ޼ɵɡ
ⲻ֪Ҷ㽫ԼڷҶҳһش飬ҶľȻҪʮϵܿ촫壬ֻҶ㻹֪飬ΪҶȫĿС
ӶڽͷӶƽʱ֧ҶЩͻȻ꣬ͬһεĵֻм˱ҶҵͻȻò
½λ൱ڻȨϵĴڣԺܶ嶼໥λãҶֻһǧ˼壬һЩӴļмˣʮˣ֮λ˵ǻȨš
һֱʱ䣬ҶƿţҶϳֵЦݣʱ䣬Ҷһ̳ƣʮ֮ﵽ쾳۷塣
ǷúƵЧӦԽԽͣҶϧչأϧҶ㵽һ㣬ôúƣ޷ֻգֻܵȵͻ쾳ܼˡ
ǿһͿҶԼȭͷ壬Ȼײ
ǿغڣ˿ȥһ޸ʱأջأҶָһģ
صҲʱ䣬Ҷһ£ֹͣ㸸ĸ찲ĵӣԺյӵԽԽҶĿǽԺ
Ҷ֪Ժյ㣬ֻʼĵһԺһжҪͷʼҲֻԺǿš
ԴѧԺֻԺһ֧ˣԴĹʤѧԺ֧кܶ࣬ÿ꾺Ҳʮּң뼷ͷԺҷ֧໥˭͵Խ֧࣬ĵλԺҲԽԽߡ
ҶʵߣеҪԺƼĵطҲڿԴǾţһŽݣ׺һԹ֮꣬½ȱľš
ҶţоŸǳ˾űʵħű书߱ʽÿһǾıʱҶϣоģʶ۷塣
ԺӣҶ㳯ȥ͸͸һͣҪѭ򽥽ҶԼһ£Ҫгڡ
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Ҷ㣬ҿҵˣˣ²ˣҶԶԶĿҶĴԶܹҶһߡ
ôˣ˵ҶʮֽæʵʱҶ͸оղԾѵ׸ĸ׳ʲô¡
Ҷﳯܿ˿ҶһƫƧشҶ˵Ҷ㣬ǰЩҶʮϣȻҪãء
дҶ㱩ŭ֮ðһɱ
ҲȥǣǵãȻˣãҾͳ׻ǣԺҲҶҧгݵ˵ȫɱȻ
Ҷ㣬㲻ɴ⣬һҶĵĴҶˣ쾳һεָʹģ˵ʮ϶ĺôŰԿ
ȻˣҶҳϿԷϳˣһµĳϣҶʮְȻҪϳϣµĴ棬Ȼ£ûбҪȥ
Ҷ࣬ҶľٶˣҶ˵ʲôţѾһäӵĵز˺ܿ쳯øȥ
ҶҾҪ飬ῪҶãϻ齫УһЩڲӶǰȥΪΪҪֳ
֨
գƣõļû򿪣һɳܾõĻҳʮ룬һЩӽ󣬲Ҷ䲢δ֡
ʮϾۻᣬһλΣˡ
һӣС˵
˭˵ǣ˵һҶĿ˰գȻҲʦڡ
ҿǸûˣҶľͲӶʮгϢҶǴԺӲ˵ǽ죬ԺҶҲˮǴߡ
ʱһΪ峤ûˣǳС

Ⱥ֮Уʮ߶УֻһλӿãǼҶλá
ܴ֮ʮ϶˫Ŀա


61 ״
ΧӣҶϴһ˿΢Цرܴӵǻһߡ
䣡
ͻȻһζ˳濴˹ȥҶŽŲ֮ÿһ֮϶һζ
Ҷĳ֣˲Ҷ䵣μʮ꣬ڼ֮൱ߵٵ˫ۣ·һɽѹȹ˴
λϣҶĳˣ鿪ʼɣ
ҶŲҶĸ׸һλϣȫƣܱѹȵƲŻʧЩһ
Ҷ䣬Ҳ֪ٿΪ˰ɣΪΪ濼ǣһΪԼ˽Ѿһ֮ˣгڴˣλǷǡ
Ҷվûκֱջݣֱ⡣
Ҷ˵ûҶҹأһУӦðѼڵһλ
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˳˫ɣҶɫû˿仯
ϿȥǶһĬӣҶһ˿Ц⡣
ʦټϣΪҵҪʲôɷϳҡҶҲżҶϴ·ڿһС
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ҶģҶ˵һǴǰʮѾȫ֧
λϣѾ˵ˣϣҶѾʺΪƫ̻֮ģ޷ҶӻԻ͡ҶĻһתʮ˵
Ҷ˵ûΪӦƫ̻֮ģҪҶֻһӣȻҶȻкܴ࣬ҶĵѡһᴫҶҶ쾳ļˡ
ʱ߳˵ˣԹ߳ϸҶľۣͬʱżʮ̶ִ
ҶվȺ֮УȺʱʱͷһ·ˣ쾳ĿһС
Ҷ·ڿһ־һ㣬ȫϢйλ᳹һϴЩΥȫ
Ҷ䣬л˵ΪǸӣѾ˲ټԴҿ㻹óӣܱǴһǿϲ١ҶɫȻƹ
ļӲǷ
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Ϊ𣬱ΪǼһ졣
ҶĵҲһƣܿҶһĴսÿºܿͻᱻһա
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һŭͻȻ˫ۣһⱬһɸǿ˳֣һƻ˵ĳ
ۼ֮£飬һɲ׼̸𡣡
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ҶҶֻ˫˫Ҷ֮󣬻һߣɱҶ㡣
ȻϷˣǼּ֮̽£Ҷҹأ²Ȩһز˵˰ɡ
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Цѵ䵱ϼ֮λҶ㼥Ц
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ףַαظϻҶȺ˳һ߸ϵı鿴Ҷ㣬·ڿһϡ
Ŷ˵ľͲǷϻҶע⵽ˣֻһֱӰˡ
ǲǷϻһ֪ϴδҵܵܵǲǸһˡҶȻҪΪҶ
˵ǸҶָָȺеҶһ֮ɫ
Ҷ˫Ŀŭ޲ھʵѵأҶ֡
еҵսһѾѹںأ㲻Ǿˣ֮໥սǺ飬Ҳϡ档
ϣ㻹濴ңһ쾳սһ죬ҲúҶһ󳰷𡭡ҽսѹʲô磬˵һҶ㳰ỵ̂ҶɱŨ
Ǻã˵ģҶҪɱҶ㣬ȻԷǾͳȫ
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Щѵ˵ƿ;ĵزϺٽһҶͻȻҪǰһṩԴԺԥİҶĶԸҶ䡣
ϻ˵ȻҵսǾͿʼɣҶøҶѿ֮ھǰһƽҶ
Ȼôżȥܲȫ㣡ҶתͷЦһ
ҶҪֹ쾳ȫԽЩ˳ѹҶȻκ˰ҶԼӦ
Ҷ쾳֮ҶţҶ˵ÿһ仰ԼĿģ
ŶȻ֮䶼ɱԷľٶβǩ״ݣ
ҶȻǩ״ͿԺ޼ɵɱҶˣҲñ쾳ɱ쾳ˡ
㶼뵽ˣǴľǰǺãҴӦ㣬ǩ״Ҷǻһߣֵóѵζ
ֱһ˭ҲûпҶȵþĻᣬĻɱ쾳˸ˣΪ鳹׺ڡ
ܿ˿ʼ״ǹƽ۵һЩ˫ӡһһݣ״ǩˡ
ﲻʺսãǻǳȥսɣȻ޴󣬿һս׽û
ˣԸ㣬һԣҶһָͷӵҶ
úúãģûмôģҾͳĽƤĸҲ޷㡣Ҷױŭƺ͸һѪɫ
ĿԴҵҪôҵƤҵĽҶЦһŭĲˣ˵
мܿڳһ޴յأ㹻ǽ֣ҶɫЦϣ͵ųУ·𿴵Ҷ㱻˺ѵӡ
Ҷ磬ҿҶǷˣȺͻȻһȻ֧Ҷ
ܴٸ֪Ҷ쾳֮ʱҶ˲ĸЩ˶ڰ֧Ҷ
Щͨ˵쾳죬ֻĤݡ
ְɣУ
ҶȻҪҶС
ˣԸ㣬ֻһУҶ˵꣬嵯ȥһöڵ񱩵ɨһС


62 žž
Ҷ嵯ȥΪһǣȭͷϸһ㾧Өʣ·һС׸ȭͷϣ
ˣ·һ޴սģҶĽŲ淢
񱩵ùһ磬ֲкҶҪ׵Ĵǵģ֪ľһҶ㲻ٲ׾ֲʵչ¶š
ȻûҶչֳȣҪ۷廹ҪǿڼλϵҶ¶ϲɫҶɢӴϣƺ޷ϱ
Ҷпһ£оͨͨҶɢƣ޷
ʮµӷ֨֨Ȼ޷ܹǿ磬ʮ϶ѹƣ岻ܶ
ЩӣǱҶɢƸɳȥֱӷȻƷɳȥ
⡭ôܣôǿ󣡡ɫ޷ţҶʵȻֵز
ȭͷ¡¡ֱֱĳҶɨȥ˿ʼƽѹȵ죬һʴҶηסˡ
ͻҶ㽫ȭΪһ壬ɱһ
ҶҶȻǿɫһ䣬ȫȻܿгƣ໥Ҷ㻯ҶȭһȭҶ㷴
ߣҶЦһԭΪҶܿâܾУҶȻҪӲо
Ҷǲܣûܿһ쾳һˣϹȥ֮ɢǸҶ֮Ტۡ
Ҷ㻹Ǳһʵʮ֮ȫѽûһա
飡
ȭͷײһ𣬽ˣ˳ܲƽЩ޷⣬˾Ȼƫӣ˱䣬ֻмҶ䰲Ȼԭأ˵ߣȻεʧˡ
꣡
һĹͷ漴һӰɳȥѪƺҪá
ģ
£صĳˢˢĳӰ˹ȥֳһƬȻ
⡭ܴһ
ֻҶɫûκα仯ڵϵҶ˵˼ά޷ת׿ڸղŵһĻ
ҶĴӵѾˣͷȫѣΪ촷ۣ⿪ʼ䣬Ȼҩ޷ָ
Ҷҵŭһһ䣬Ҷ˹
Ҫɱ㣡ҶȻȼվѪҶͬھ
ƾ㣬һҲҪɱңҶһЦһסҶĲӣղŵͣɤ˻ƵĽ·һֻܵĹѼ
ҪʲôҶӣҶĵһʱ˳ֹսϧһ
ƾʲô֮ǩЭ飬ҵУûʸҡҶ㼥Цһ
㡭Ҷı˵
ʲôǸ˾ϲ⣬峤ϣͼ߸λãӦɱҶ˵дʣһҶĲӷǵ
С֣ɱҸû꣡ҶͿˣָҶ
ҿôû꣡ҶһҶĲӷһ˵ע֮£Ҷ㽫ҶĲˡ
̣Ⱥ̵һ˶ţһ쾳ôˡ
رЩӣҶĿǸ߸ϵĴڣôô׵ҶУſضûС
Ҷ嶪ȥҶɵˣĿҶ㣬ȫʧȥ˼
ҵĶҶͻȻһҶܳɳΪ쾳ҶڿüΪܶȡ֮λû뵽Ҳʮʱ䣬˲˵ԼĶӶȥˣҶĳʧȥǡ
ҪΪҶ𣡡ҶʧȥǣҶ˹
ҶŭһȭҶĺɨȥ
飡һȭݺݵҶĵϣҶ㲢δɱʱɱһֽѡ
ԼҶУ֪ڵϣҶ·ʧȥȫһƨ˵ϡ
ҶתӣʮϿ˹ȥϬÿһɨҶ˫ۡ
Ҳ֪ҶʲôŵΪһϣǾȻϳ飬ֱҶҵĳ裡Ҷ顣
Ҷ㣬㲻ҪôߣɱҶ˴ѧԺԺҶһùġʱվӣҶŭ
㺦ˣȫ˳ҶңͿԱȫˡҶ㼥Цһ
㡭Ȼ˵˴治Ļ˵
ѵ˵ЩһһΪ˼壬˽˵ģӦùκƫ̻ôģ˼ҸһССݣȻһҸȣǸһȺĶҶҪҶңݺݵȺһ⡣
Ҷ˵ûȷʵΪһССݴӦҶҲ˽ģĵͷ
Ҷ㣬˵ȻûӦǿһ£ϾǶˣٲͻƣֻܻΪһ㣬ô̾ϢһҶŪֵزҲǲ뿴ġ
ЦҾԲô˵˻˽ΪԼ˽Ҷ֮Աǡ
ô˵ǶҶҳϣô˵ѾΥҶѵĳʱ˵
ѵˣղʲôˣңǻô˵𣿿ָҵʬų˵һã֪ô˰ɡҶЦ
ҶһԶԣ֪Ҳ޷ֹҶĽŲҶչʾ쾳նɱοǡ
Ȼ˵ûûУҶܼ̳ҶңʱҶҾԲ⸱⾰ϾҶҲ쾳ĸˡʱĳϼ˵
֪ҶЦ
ףĸף뽫ǵľͷųҶЦ֮תͷҶĸ˵
䣡֮ɢãʮ޷վסŲ˵ƱƵǽǡ
⡭ôܣϴžֵ
ûʲôܵģ쾳ѣҪ쾳ҶЦ
˵ʲôͳ쾳˫ðһ⣬ʼմ϶δô˵ʱվ˵ˡ
˵ûǶ˾Ž쾳Ҷʱ˵ˣ֪Ҷͼǽʱס˳ѹ
ʱҿҶȫ˱仯ҶǵĳŵֻһЩССݣҶ쾳ȣֱһΣɫȣ¶ѺõĿ⡣
Ҿ˵ϲȵǰ֨֨лҾ֪к·峤ϾȻƤ˵ҶһԸ̡
ȺϻĲҪƤһĺ֪Ҷ쾳һ
ʲôѧԺʲôҶҶͱһߣĿҶ㡣


63 
˵ʮϣվЩӣ𾪵ĿɿڴĿ࣬ͻȻ쾳ǻˣһжҶĹ͡
ʮһֺõҶﰵӣһ󸹷̣ҶƼҵжԣԭҪЩȫڻһˣǿҶʹû֮ƣʱǣȵһ֮ЩԺǰĵϡ
Ҷ㣬ģҶҵĸǣϾѧԺԺ˵ӣڵʵӦûκ⣬ҶҽҪˡϻһŹάҶ˵
ϹˣֻۼһܵõϹָмҶŷ̵
ɫһһѾ죬ҲֻܻȥˣֻҪʵʲôѾһΣҲںඪһΡ
ûйһжǼ̵зںʱͿǱЩԵһ飬ǴѹԴӦǶǳĺڣʱûд֧֡ĳϴŹά񣬾ͲѼˡ
ʮһһ䣬ǹάĻҶû˵һжҪҶôЩˡ
ڵϵҶվղŷһжڵѪһղŻ֧Ҷˣһɫࡣ
ǡôӦҵģ˵˵ھȻֱˡҶҧгݵ˵
Ҷģ㻹ڸģһʱͿɱε˫ۣҺҶ㼰ʱֹȻҶҲ֪ᷢʲô顣ʮ˾ȻìͷһָҶģ˵ܵҶĹƻ󣬲ŴӦ飬ҶֻЦ
ۣҶŭģˣӷˣʮϾȻȫˣ׻ԡ
Ҷ㣬֪ˣܲܽǵʵ峤ϴ˴֣ʮ쾳
峤˵ʲô֪˵Ǻδ֮УĲΪҶ𣿡ҶһװͿ
ԶԶԣǶΪҶңղ㲻˵ܰ쾳𣿡峤֪ܲҶװͿֻܶ
˵Ǻ˵û˵쾳
Ҷһ̯һ޹ӣҶһЦҶڹˣǣǻҶ䳰ȷ
Ҷ㣬ǱϾҶҵԪˣǶΪ쾳ҶҺܿͻڿԴкܴĵλԱѧԺҶҲޱȣ㸸ΪҲй⡣ʮʱ˵
ûƾʲôǡҶЦһȷʵûǵɡ
ǷģԺҶңڼ峤ƣȻģڽ֮ˣջ޷˿ܡ
Ժ˵ɣԺı֣ˣһῼǵľ磡ҶüȥǼҶ㶼˷
˵֮Ҷ뿪ãʣµ齻׾ˣһᴦķǳԲҶ÷ˡ
ȺԶֿһͨžηҶ뿪ӴԺҶҶҵĵλ޿Ϊһ񻰣һɱ쾳⼸˲ġ
ҶҽһηٵķչڣҶǰǣ׵ĽƼҴѹҶҽ⿪ʼ쵽ǣƼֻܵͷˣƼ֮ҶҵԽԽʮҲ˺ܶ࣬һΪ˼塣
ҶҲδֻ֣ǸǣҲȵһΪҶˣῼǵľ磬ҶֻǸǻһǿĵ
ҶϾҪμԺˣֻҪԺʵ쾳ڻȡö쵤ӦòǺܴҶô˵Ҳĵ
ڷٵţתۼ䣬ҶصҲаʱˣʱҶҷ˷츲صı仯ı仯Ҷҵÿ쵽Դˣǿˡ
İķڣҶ˫۵ѪӼʧ֮󣬾ͱҲ޷Ҷߡ
һʢĻͻҶҴþУףҶصѧԺμԺˣֻҪҶԺλȹ̣ҶҵĵλֻԽԽߡ
ɪɪĶ䣬Դװعӭ˵һѩĸƤаҶ㶥ź·ˡ
ɽһװʱʮ죬ҶصԼԺӣѧԺȻɵתֻЩڿ죬ΪмҪȥμԺˡ
ÿμԺҲ˶ܲμӣֻжľӢӲʸЩؼûκλᣬֻоزлμӡ
һѧԺжʮңһǰԺҶҲ֮ڣͱѡˡ
ۣ
֮ѧԺһڵ˼ϵӡ
ҶȫѪڣȻǺĶ죬ȻڸǲҶ飬Ժߵ룬ҲߵĵһҲֻԺиĻᷢչ
ټĹ㳡ʱۼˣŵӶǰۿһѧԺϸѡѡʮˣʮ˾ǾӢǿĴڡ
Ҷ߹һҶ
ҶʦܣˣҶص鼸󲿷ֶ֪һк
ʦ֣ʦ㣡ҶʮֿЩ˶ûж⣬ҶҲʾѺã֮Уϵ
ϴλûüлʦܣͻصȥˡܳȻҶʩһ񣬱ʾл
ʦֿˣͬʦֵܣαôҶǫ
˶ҶкϾҶʵЩ֮ǿģǿ߾Ӧøء
һʱ䣬ѧԺ߲㿪ʼ½½ĵڹ㳡мһ̨ϣŷֲܵЩӣڵȺԺĵ١
֮Ժ漴֣һǿ֮ѹȵЩͼӶ޷̧ͷҶ㻹һЩ쾳û̫в
ֵһһȵԺˣѾǵϿţϣһǶܼԺҲѧԺĽʮˣɷţڱصá
ҶҲһϳ˷ɫʣϾһ꣬ܽĿռ䣬˷֮Ա
ұλĻԣο˲ͬ꣬ΪһθԺֲŵӣеӽ쾳μһԺĿˣԾʮּңҪһ׼
Ⱥдһû뵽ԺȻ쾳ӣֻԽԽңϾԺޣõ٣һжҪʵ
ֻҶûбɫԽң֤׵õԺϿɣиķչռ䣬һζѰʣ޷֮·ߵĸԶ
Ժ˺ܶעһһ¼һʦһǰԺ赼ʦУʦһŮͬЩˡ
һ׼ʦĴ֮£һжʮע֮£뿪ѧԺ̤µ̡


64 ѡ
Ŀע֮£Ҷʦ̤ǰԺĵ·һ·Ͽ϶գҪԽɽг̴һңִԺʱĩ
Ѿ죬Ҷǣ޹ңһ׷һ·֮ϣ϶ǴŵЦ⡣
ʱһȥת֮¹ȥˣһ·Ȼ糾ͣҲΣգĴʦĴڣһΣ޷Σǡ
Ƨĳһжʮ˽ҹڶ·һ·ʦЩ˽˺ܶԺ飬ȼ֣ЩӸԺ
ˣҶҪϢķš
Ҷ㽫·ϣϴ裬һƣʧ١
֨űƿ赼ʦ˽
ʦҶ㳯赼ʦʩһ
ôϹЩҪһ£Ҳһ赼ʦе֣أҶæӣԱߡ
ʦ˵ֻҪСģһȥɡҶεľ赼ʦЩ赼ʦûչ˹ϵһ㡣
˵ԺѾ֪ˣԺĹһ죬֪ԺĹһ쵽ô𣿡赼ʦ·ϸǽԺֺöÿڣûϸ˵
Ҷҡҡͷȷʵ֪
Ȼˣҳýúõĸ˵һ£ԺԲô򵥣Ժӣһһʮˣ࣬ÿ껹дµӼ룬޷ͳ޷ȫͻֳҲԺĹһ
Ҷ˵ͷʾףʮˣȫ϶޷˵㵽ֳȥѶȾС˺ܶࡣ
ûԺĹһ죬ĿĶΪѧԺŵӣҲѧԺݸеλмͻ֮ģ˭ΪѧԺһɸÿ໥ʱȣÿ궼һαԣ˭ܻõһ赼ʦ˵
ҶȽͬ˵ĵطннĵطͻһҲ޷⣬϶ʱ֮ģҶ㲻֪赼ʦҪʲôɻ֮ɫ
ǲǺɻΪʲôҪ㽫ЩҶɻ֮ɫ赼ʦʵ
Сȴкܶɻ󣡡ҶֱӳϣԺҶֻ赼ʦ˵ܶණǺʮģ
ҲһޱȼԺôǱ䵽ʺĵطʮʱ䡣赼ʦдΡ
Ҷܿ赼ʦһֱڿԴϣߵĸԶȻ쾳ܻ꣬Ƕ˵ҲֻգۼĹ
Ϊβѡ뿪صԺҶʵ
̸ףҲǰƣԽߣصԺļҲԽߣƾڵʮ꣬Ҳˡ赼ʦ̾Ϣһ
£Ҷ㲻⡣
ΪԺʲǺܺãռ䣬ֻܱ䵽طռŵӣ͵Ժȡ֣ﵽһ֮󣬽лصԺǿԴǺܺãÿֵŵʮϡ٣ȥֻ˳ɹԺ赼ʦٴ̾Ϣһ
ʦҪСΪʲôҶˣ赼ʦԼֱ˵ʵ
ûȷʵ£ҲԺ˼ܷصԺؼϡ赼ʦ˫۷⣬ҶͻȻ񿴵ϣ
ңҶɻ󣬲ܻܲصԺʲôϵ
û㣡赼ʦȷ˵
СӲҶ̯̯֣ȫһӡ
ż˵ô˵Ҳеģ֮Ѹ𣬾ԲżȻԴʮˣûһںսʤ쾳˵Ҷɳ赼ʦ⡣
Ҷһͷߣʵٶȣȷʵ˲ˡ
ҪôȻ赼ʦἰˣҶ޷ܾܼ֮ڣܰҶƴǡ
ȱżڸ˵˵ԺĹһ赼ʦż˵ǼԺҶֻü
ԺֱԺԺԺͥԺԺʵǿԺƣԺ־ֳڵһ
õʵԺֱ޺áááڰãʵǿĲ޺ããһȺɱ˵ķӣֻҪɱ֮ˣԸá˵ã赼ʦƺеɵ
Ĺ۸⣬ֱǵۣۡ۸ۣΪλֱͨ塢ŷֱͨ壬֮ٵӼĹۣĿĲԶ
һ죬ѧԺţŵľۼأÿŶᱻһߣ壬ҲֻǲſȡϺȻԺĹۣʵѧԺһ赼ʦԺĻ˵һ顣
Ҷԭأû뵽ԺֵôѧԺ졣
һֳʮÿڣʵ֣һڵһԺãںÿ궼ᷢ仯ķֱã޺ãۡ
赼ʦһʱʱ䣬ŽԺֽҲҶԺԺ֮ȥ˽⡣
ǵʦҶʵ
ͥԺ赼ʦε˵
ղᵽģͥԺʵӦΣܲ
ЩͥԺһ겻һ꣬ûкõĵԸ룬ΪʮǰͥԺ֮󣬺ٴЩ裬ûкõĵӼ룬Ѿǳ󡣡˵ͥԺ赼ʦʹϾҲǴͥԺ߳ġ
˼ڿйˣҼͥԺҶ赼ʦ˼ˡ
赼ʦ̧ͷҶ㣬Ҳ˼ڣϾҶʣ϶иõĶÿ֦ĴһͥԺ赼ʦȷҶܷӦ
ʲôΪ֮Ҳ⣬ǿκ飬ֻҪѧԺúΣҲΪǼӷ֡赼ʦ˵
ҴӦ㣬˹ˣԸͥԺҶûκԥֱӴӦˡ
ĿϼͥԺ赼ʦƺе㲻š
Ը⣬Щɵʦν̵СӸм˵飬飬СҲܴӦҶӦҲԭء
һҶ㻹赼ʦһ飬įʱһֱ
Ҷ˵һħű书߱ʽκÿڣҲòͥԺ٣Ҳ˵ǣϵ֪ԽԽá
ҶѡͥԺһϵͥԺȻįˣһ٣ڳĵطͶˣҶϲʺ⣬˵һõ飬ҶΪβӦ
úúãҸԺûп㣬һ֪ͼˡ赼ʦЦҶܴӦĽڽ⿪
ҼͥԺǻʲôҶ㻹ǲȫ˽⡣
ֻҪܽĵӣǾͻлصԺܳΪ洫ӣǵĵλҲˮǴߣΪĵʦ赼ʦɫ˷ܣǸղһǷϵӡ


65 ҹɱ
һ̸ֱҹ赼ʦ뿪ҶҲ赼ʦͼˣϣҶͥԺԺԼʣһлΪĵӣҲлصԺ
ҶЦһȥЩ˫ۣ׼ָ·ҲܲˣҶˣҲǸܵһƣ˴ʱѽ硣
ಣҹ˾ʱɫӰȻ䵽ѧԺסԺУ
ҶҪ˫ĿͻȻ˫ۣһǿΣڳҶȻδʶţҶﵽʮܸ֪֮ǳУһƬҶƮ䣬ܸܵ
·ϣҶڴĺ棬ͷڱ棬αװ˯ӡ
ԺɫӰ໥˼ƣ˳ҶȻĿУҶ㷿˿Ӱһ롣
Ӱӽ֮ҹ۲һ£ܿ쳯߿£һĨεĵ˸ͬʱϿȥ

һĲҽҹգǴҶ㷿䷢䣬ڴϣδѩĽնڱϡ
ã˴󾪣æˡ
һֱڴҶܸǻᣬһӡһʮ֮һա
һţѾսʦסˣսһ𣬴Ǻء
꣡һαҶУ£廯Ϊ룬ն֮ǰ˺ü¡
һۣҶǿɱַˣһ˿Ũɱ֮Ȼâעȥ
ãǱ߻ˣǶȥҶ㣡
赼ʦܿ췢ҶߣȻ쾳кһóȥҶ㣬Щ˺ȻҪҹɫɱЩˡ
ʦҶ˹ղŻˣתۼʣˣ˹Ҷ㷿ܳһŭ䣬ҶͬʱлһεĿľɱҶ㡣
ҶһŭȣԶҪ˹ȿ϶赼ʦʮżֱ˾סˣֲ
ЩֻվһԹۿ޷֣дųŭ⡣
˼лҶȫðһɺϢӣȻײȥָ֣һץһץ˹ȥ
ҶӣɫϲղҶһնһˣʮּɵʧȥӵвЦһ·𿴵Ҷ㱻ӡ
ǴشˣΪҶʧȥӣʧȥצһĴҶ˺֮ѴﵽǹĵزȽָ׸ǱɱҪӲ
צǵأһˣת˲䣬צһץ£һΪץ˻ᣬһȭҶɨȥȻҶצץҲᱻȭͷȻɳȥ
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˵ȭͷݺݵĻҶϣǲδҶ㱻ɵľֻײ֮ײ˳ϣþûص
Ҷˣһ˿˫צ˺ѹȥ֮еĺȫû뵽еĲһ࣬һӴޣֱ飬ʹҶ˹צӡ޵ֵ֮
ǣ
Ҷ˫ֲ˵棬ӴľѪ˳Ҷֱ۽УʼҶ壬Ÿ̰Ĺޣ
ҲգۼĹֻʣƤͷߺ˲ŷӦһȣгҶն
꣡
ҶյĲˣ˺Ϊһأһ˿˹ȥһţȻҶ˫ۡ

˫֣Ҷ㳯ץ˹ȥ죬޷Ҷһץ֮
ǣȻץ飬һƬϣҶ˫צǰֽһ㡣
ɫ䣬ԾսȦӣȻܣ쾳ٶޱȣҪܣҶ㻹ĺ׷ϡ
һԵѧԺʦһأ˻ֻصҶ档
ɺ׷Ҷ˫ضָɢɭâ˵Ŵݺץ¡
˼ȭͷҪҶˣѰһѳȥû뵽ҶʵȻǿһڶ˲ʱɱˡ
ԭɳˣԶԸѧԺЩˣϺҹɱȫԽɾȴû뵽սԺӾͱҶ㷢֣ȻնɱһˣѾ쾳ˡ
ȭ緢Х֮磬ҶЦһΪȭȭͷֱֱĺȥҪ׽ѹ
飡
Ľȭͷڿˣޱȳ֮дǹͷѿ˲
꣡òϢӺ˵ȫɢĵڵϣȻҶһȭȫͷ
Ҷɱˣʦԭأ˳֣ſ־Ҷ㣬ϲ
ǿȥ赼ʦ˭Ҳ׼ߡҶ㳯𾪵ʦ˵ʱǲŴѹһ䣬뵽ս֮С
Сѱ֮ݺύһЩȫСԺѾɷ档
ǣ֮ʣ𽥳ֲ֧ˣƵǽǴ
ǺˣΪҪҹ͵ϮѧԺӡ赼ʦһŭȣ˺ȵ
ΧһȦӣȻҲӳȥһ˿ȻͻȻ֣
Ȼǲ˵Ҿ˺ǵƤʱ֪˭ˡ˶棬޷ֱǵĿ
Ҷֵ߽ˣѲΣһ˱һ˱˺ѣһ˱ȫͷŤ
սӼңԳⲫ״̬赼ʦˣܿγɼлһײ֮ϴѪ˶ơ
ѪȾڲ֮ܿǴп־֮ģغϣ׽˻׽
ʱеӶΧսѾ˱á
ڲ˺ȥ䲻Ǻܴ׳֣Ҷ㲢ʶЩҲʶǲʦʶ
úúãѧԺȻƱһ𣬰·ɱǵĵӡ赼ʦŷŭˣʮ䡣
Ȼ֪֪ˣҪɱҪǵı㣬ҪʡʣµһǴѧԺĵʦһǹƱϣղ˵ľǹƱϡ
ɱҲܽͷ֮˱ɣŶѧԺתưдŵӣʵڿɶ񡣡
ʦʮߣһα͵ϮɱһӣƽЩеķŭ컹ͬʦֵܣھʧһˡ
ɱǣΪȥĵӱ𣡡һЩ˿ʼǶˡ
Ƕ˺׼һ˿ðһɫѪ建ĳ浹ȥܸ裬˵п̷
ɱ
ȥҶʮֽʼɨսʬӵ棬ȥӺᡣ


66 ѧԺ
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˵㣬Ǹн˷ߵʱҿ񲻶ԣԺһҪСģҿֻҪţһ˶ԸġܳžҶ˵


67 ɸ
Ҷܾ˷һǳڴӦ赼ʦڶҶҲһ߸ϵˣԽжҶ˵ȫá
֮һʮҵһƬƫƧĵط赼ʦǹڰסʱ䲻ǺܾãŰʱ赼ʦʦҶͬС
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λʦʮһʩЩһ˾Ȼ֪赼ʦͼʮֹܸԺʦϹԺҲһ·
ǲضֻһԺʦԺʲôǶ˻˵ϣȻ赼ʦˣֵܶҲֻܾŬܲѧԺҪԼŬ
浼ʦ˵ɨһۣ񶨸Ҷϣ浼ʦ۹ʮֶ
ˣȻҶˣڸȥϢȺ֮Ŀˣ˲ܳΪԺӣͨȻҪظȵлˡεʦƺô˵ʱ򳯴˵
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ӺſȫһΪʦӣﻹʲôȣȻҪҶͷ
·ԽԽ࣬ϾѧԺкöԺ඼ʱϻԺμӿˣ󲿷ֶǳֵֿı飬ûȥ棬ЩԺ໥ϣܾˣǾͻõ
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68 
ҶһһʯӣƽĺУǧˣԵʧҪ˶Ҫ޷ܡ
ӻͷӺ˹ȥһˣǶĲһ˵˵
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һν׸˶ԷҶｫƷȻҲãƷ棬Ҷռơ
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飬ײûм֣ƺ͸һɲʣĿҶ㡣
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߰ɣɫѾˣٻһһ˼ѧԺȥ


69 һ
һ·ʮƽҼǱֳĬߵסĵطһƬӽķӣůɽѧԺڱԵҲڹ㳡Ϣöˡ
һ˷ֵһ䣬찲ĵˡ
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һʱƽûǰţʱ䣬רŵ۵ΪԵģÿһ˶һһΣҪ໥һ£ձ˴˵ľ飬ҶҲĶࡣ
ʱһζܿ͵˿˵ӣһ赼ʦͿʼټˣǰ˹㳡ϡ
Ź㳡ɽ˺һ˲μӿˣԺӾռһңһЩĽģһЩйϵģһѧԺϣһѧԺ
ҶҵһĵطֵǣﲢҪ
ʱܿ죬һ֮һʮ˾ȻշУӺԶĵطɵ㳡һ̨ϣܴ̾
ǿ쿴˹ˣȺ֮зֵһһȵĿ˱ԣ˽лѧԺӴԺ󣬲Ǽ廹ǵλǡ
һȵƴʮɢϢڳϢĸо侳ɱˡ
쾳ƶ޷̧ͷ˵ЩˣһЩ˸о˫ȲʹһĤݵҪȥ
Ҷоһɻѹѹһǳ֮ѹˣȫ𲻵κá
ѾħűһСɣҶѾγɲСǳȻﲻҲЩѹơ
ƺܿʧֳָƽ˸оԼĺʪһ飬ͨ죬ֻ쾳ǿһЩںȫʪ͸
ڿʼһأأﲻһ̭֮
Ʋ󣬾Ȼ㳡ÿһ䣬һʵܼ򵥣ﲻһ֮ᱻ̭
ذ޷ﵽһ֮ѧԺѡĶŵӣȻαҪ㿼ˣǽЩǱСĵ̭ȥʤ̭
㳡мͻȻһ޴ʯʮףף滹̶ֿȣǼõģʮ֮ʮţ֮
˿ʼԾԾԣ׼ȥԣȡȥһء
һȻʮּ򵥣̭֮һˣ˶ܴﵽһ֮ҸֳӻкܴعϵһţӲһҡ
Ҷ㣬֪һֱʵҸ㣬˵ʱҪأչֵԽǿҲлõԺӣҲܸܵעܵõصЩĴ治˾ͻ˼ɡ
赼ʦҶ㲻ԸͷԼʵˮƽҶ㷢չԺעصţչֳԽǿҲѧԺע
赼ʦἰҶ㶥Լڿ˹ؾͿˣȥ׷߶ȣȵʵɳ˵Ȼ赽˵ҶҪıһ¡
̣һ֮أ
Ҷ̸Ѿ˿ʼˣһһ֮˳ء
ʤһ֮أһӰʯǰ棬ܿʮȥֻһ˴ﲻһ̭֮һ֮ҡ
·壬ʮţ̭֮ƣʮţ̭֮壬֮ء޽֮ŷ֮ϵ˷ܿмȥ˺̭ԽԽࡣ
ʱ֮󣬴һȥˡ
ײ֮㳡ͻȻһ£Ȼ쾳ˣŷ֮
ҶǰڳһյأЩ̭ĵ뿪Ҷ˿ʼȥǰ޴ʯҶһȭͷƳ


70 
е˰ʱʱ䣬˸ˣ˴ͷɥҲǷϵ뿪ײϳֳ֮յȼˡ
쾳һҲһ֮һЩŴﵽղֹЩǸԺѵţԺΪص
쾳ȣǵʺȻһڶʮ쾳ĳɾͷǳĴײԺٮٮߣڶʮҽ쾳֮ǳ͡
һһٶԺʮԺ쾳ӣ뾺һο˵ĵһ
һﶼ֮Ҷ󣬵һûסǣأϾԺԿָƣһ֮Բμӣⶪˡ
ʱҶҶ㣬ֻԼһˣܴһ֮һȫͨ
˵ע֮£ҶȭͷȻղ˻ʯĵӣ޷
СҪʲôȻʹ赼ʦһŮʦʮֲ⣬ҶȻ˴⣬
СţǾȥɡ赼ʦʮҶ㡣
ЩۿȴôΪˣȻ˿ʼ壬Ц
ɣء
ÿСӣȻʩչսԺ𣿻ǿĿһеĵز
ҿСһ֢Ҫһٳ
ҿǣ˵СһǸɵӡ
˷ټĹ㳡ϻص
ܸۣҶ⣬κ鶼޷ԣѴﵽɫĵز
һû뿪վҶ㲻ԶҶûʩչʮֲֽ˵Ҷ㣬ֻþĹۿ
ȭͷƿһֱߣޱȣ˫һ̤ǰ㣬һȭʯ֮ϡ
ˢ
ʯϵĿ̶ˢһˣԼٶת֮͵һ֮
֮
֮
֮
ڲЩۿɵˣſ̶Ȼ˸۾գһ£ſ̶ȷ
֮
֮
֮
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֮
˸ٶֻһһ£ʮ֮ǹâ˸ʮֻ
Źâ˵ֱͨͨʮ־ģ֪ܲȥâ֤Ǿ֮ǹâʮǿʢֻٶͣˣʮֻ
ҶǻһߣһɰâͻȻʢֱӳ֮ʯˣ⴦ƸղŹâȥֹʮ֮
Բۣ
ôܣ
һǼٵģ
ʯһֽţ

ô
ľ̾ϴղЩЦˣ˶Ŵͣ·ﺬһųѼʮֿɬǴղŻ˵˼ҿ֪ɵӣҶʮ֮ݺݵһ⡣
ղײȼգӷ֮Կ쾳ڣҶȻʮ֮Ҳ˵ҶҪɱײ׾٣ʱ˵һУֻ˵
Сӣеˣ赼ʦЦһ£û뵽ҶȻôߵֻԼɺãΪˡ
ʦüЦղŵĳȫɢȥҶ˻صԭ£Ҷ㱣м䡣
һɱҶɢ㣬Ҷܿ첶׽ˣײĹ⻷ڲһʱ䣬Ҷߣѹķʽ
̨ӣֻһɱһһ˷ܣһԺҪκһ춼ҪңΪһγ쾳ҲһΣҶʮ֮Ϊ˽㡣
ԵñȽϿһ֮ռһ󲿷֣֮޷ҵڼټ٣мδȥ
һǿ֮һ쾳ҲԺӡ
ǿ쿴ѩˣȻһŮӣһ쾳ǿϢɨȥȭݺݵĻʯϡ
֮أһȻûгҶ㣬ˢײļ¼ʱڶ
һϢʯǰ棬һ쾳֮ײࡣ
Ӷһ쾳֣һӴֱ֮ɿˣҲδ˳֮
һһ̭֮һˣʼ½½뿪׼ˣʣµĴ󲿷ֶԺӣȻûһ˱̭
Ժӵһ־ͱ̭Ҳӣܿ쿪ʼеڶ֣Уһ޴ĸǰ
Ҷ㣬һ߲㣬ҪĿǹӦƽʱȵ˵ʱڳĲͨ赼ʦΪҶ㽲
Ҷ˵ͷӦò⣬Բô򵥣ܹӦ϶򵥡
һΪм߼Ѷȼһ㿼˶ǳʵĹȫûκ⣬ͷİɡ赼ʦʮţѶȣ߲Ҷ㶼ܴ
ѾȲˣźö飬ʼȥһ˺֮ܿڣͻȻ˸һâһ㿪ʼ𣬹˽ˡ
飡
ͻȻ֮䣬һӰӵ㱻˳ˣûͱˡ
ʧܣ˵֡
ӶһӰ˳һ㶼δȥֱӱݳ໴ޣȥ֮δӦͱˡ
һεĿҪȵһػҪ죬ʵǿˣ˲ڶ㣬̶㣬ŵĲ㣬ܿ㶼㡣
ǿȥɣѾһ˽룬ֻмأҶ˺ܿ쳯ڸȥ
ʮ⣬һĿռ䣬ǻӰɣֳм߼ַּģʽʵģʽ
ģʽսһˣͻᱻͳȻʵһɾĸоեǱҲˡ
ʵģʽһ˸ᱻǴȥȻͻ󲿷ֵӻѡģʽֻмٷĵѡʵģʽ
˵ʱĶǳѶȸģʽ
֮ҶܿʧȥϵӡǸֹι״ޣֱֳ࣬ӵ˹ȻǺҵʵ
Ҷ֮ⲻ֪淢ص
ȻǵĵӴмѶȣʵģʽ㵽Ҫʲô
赼ʦŭˣмѶȾȻȥһˣһʵģʽһҶ룬Գ
һҶ㲢֪뵽˿ս֮С


71 ݺ
̨ɽһ٣һˣȻ˽ԿмѶȣʵģʽ໥һۣô
ֻɺ϶ѣִҲǵһηαشС֣Ȼܻų⣬Ȼ˵ִʹôǣǿɶ˵
ñɣеӵ棬ݺ¼ĵӣǶѧԺ赼ʦʮߣȻŭ
Ųھɱ㣡ȫһǿɱȻҪ֣סҪֽ赼ʦѹ
ô磬ڼֹ˽ףȻΪһ˽ԹԻδŵŵʵдѹֱ֪ܣ赼ʦʦվڸ̨£ָϰݡ
Ƕ԰ִ꣬ʹǰȷʵֹڹ㻹ģ֤û£ڵȵȰɣˣڽѶȴءһ˹վ˳Ҫ˫ĶԹȥҲаѧԺ
Ȼ֪СֽţΪѧԺ˹ٻǱͳһھ˵ʧ󣬱»²
ͳһھ赼ʦƽ޿κΣϣҶܰȻĴмѶȣʵģʽ߳
ܾ֮ͻȻ仯ĿռǶģʵռһģһ֮󣬴޳ǵضЩ޾Ȼģʵ޺
Ҷʮƣ赼ʦղ˵ͼѶӦòôѴʵһҶԺһ棬ʱ򣬿ϳһ˿֮ɫѵ
ƺʶʲôҶӸ޽֮ڵõһۣԼ˴͵ʵģʽС
˼һҶϮһǴȫΧ
ɱ֣Ҷһȣгһɫӣն£ƥڿкը޾ȻƾըΪ⡣
޵ľѪҶ˵ôֻܻɱֻ쾳޸ྫѪҶʵ
ն
Ҷ㱩ȣٶն£ܵȫɾһء
ǰһŻһͨӦǳȥĵ·Ҷվڵһм䣬ԥһ£ѡȥǼء
Ҷ㻹ѡǰڶȥҶѡǾ˼ǣȥۣһϣ˵Լûͨر̭Ҷ㵽ʱ۵ĵطûУҲҶ϶мѶȡ
ҲһβᣬҶ㲻ŹÿĥһԼ似˳մѪ
ڶ֮ٴη仯ܵľɫȻһҶһƬɳĮ֮УϮȺɳĮ潫ΧסȻǺҡ
ɳĮɳĮ棬˷ʤѶԸɳĮеɳױɳص֮£ҶʮСġ
ͣ
ҶָͻȻðһ䣬Ȼͷ£ųϣ˫ֲɳ档
꣡
ɳ洫һͷѵһͷӴë汻ҶץѪȾɳĮ
غ֮䣬Ҷɱʮͷë棬Щ޷ҶΣһյʱ䣬Ҷ㴳ڶء
ŻҶû˳ȥȥ
赼ʦڶʧŵֻмѶۣΪֻһ㣬ǾҶ洳ء
Ҷ㣬赼ʦԼʦĶˣϣҶû¡
㣬Ҷһŵˮȥĺ󣬶мһҲǺܴСҶһ䵽棬ĺˮʼĴ

һˮ𣬽ҶСˣҺҶ׼ǰ㣬Ҷ㾯ˡ
һˮ֣ˮȻӰѴﵽ쾳ĵز
ˮĳҶŭХһջУһȭˮɨȥ
ģ
ˮĽˮҶһȭ飬Ϊˮڵһָܻƽ

Ȼ䣬ͬʱˮֳĸͬʱҶ㹥쾳һÿһˮŶ֮һǶʮ쾳ڽҲֻܱɱ
ȣ
Ҷһȣٴڿն𣬾ŵӰӳ֣ҶȭͷΪŵȭ磬ֱȡÿһȭ֮Ҷ㼤˾Ÿ
飡
ը죬ҶڿһȥղͣڽСѱˮ飬ֻʣ±ľ壬ƯںϣҶһƮݵתһϡ
ָƽͨδ֣սδֹܾͣģԽƽ˾Ԥʾøǿҡ
ʱ
ϿղŻƽĺ棬ˣҶž˶ŲεĿƽŵµľ壬Լ뵽
ȫʪ͸ĺˮ쫷緭ÿһ˻ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣŵµľ˰壬˼ϲԾ
һӴˮˣа֮Ĵˮ𣬴ҴϸһεˮҪȸղżܺͻҪǿ󣬴ʮ֮
һ޴ˮ˳Ҷ㷭֮УҶȥҪܿˮĳ
ͻȻ־ŵӰҶ㽫Ӱõ۷壬ŵӰͻȻһ۳һƥžŹһŸһȭĽܵˮ˿ʼ
ʯ٣
屬ȥ͵ľһɽҶѹȹеϢǹ˼ɲôˣƴһˮˣҲ󺣡
䣡
Ǳӽһըһ㣬ըǧɸߵˮˮһ޴ȱڣζٶȻҶһ䣬һȭﵽʮ֮Ҷռںһ
飡
ѣ·һ¥ܸղڿˮʼȥˮˮһ
ɱ֣ƥĸӡն£ƺռ䣬ִ˰
ˮһΪҶһӴҶһʱ䣬ŰȫȹָƽһŻ֣ԽҶĲ֮С
ʧ赼ʦпһ£漴תΪϲΪĲˣʦ
վڸ̨ϣƺҲû뵽൱쾳ҶȻܰȻеԽܣĲֲĹһ˿⡣
¶̵Цݣ赼ʦǸоϣҶܰȫ˳ȻúõһŵӾôˡ
һֽ̭ӽһ룬ʣµĲǧˣײﰺĴ˳Ϊ㣬һʧܣĿǰΪֹڵһ
񣬵߲൱мĲ㣬ܴﵽߵѶȵ¼жٮٮߡ
֮ײһѰҶ㣬ûг¶ɻ֮ɫѵ档
ܿ쿴мѶи㣬֪ܵһУҶȻ뵽мѶȣʵģʽڽĲ㣬ɫʱࡣ
𣡡
Ҷһ̤Ĳ㣬һ


72 ʽ
Ĳ֮󣬸ҶľȻһһĿռ䣬δκγǹѺһͷӴ޵ӣҶó档
ħޣҶ󾪣Ȼ쾳ħޣƺﵽڣڡ
Ӵ󣬸ҪһħƤǹ룬Ȼ쾳Ҳ޷ƿķһԼצɢ֮ɫ絶
ݷǵҵĦҶĤʮܣȫƤ
ۼֻҪһĦ𻨳ҪȱӲĶ࣬һͭ۾ŭҶ㣬˴أ˲佫ŭһצҶ˺ѹ
ӵľޣҶֻŲܿԿħ޵ȭͷ̫ˣһȭֱӱ򱬣γһˣӷžž졣
ಣ
ҶʧԭأܿħһȭǸоȫʹħ޵Ĺ̫ǿˣʮֲֿ
ħ޵㣬ʵֲΪӴжʮֻȵתʱҶѱÿһȭƶܱ⽴
̫ǿˣҲʮ֮ԱƱ϶޷սʤֻʤˡҶħζ˼֮󣬷޷ƿķ
ҲʱƵģڰʱ֮޷Ҳ㴳ʧܣҶʱ䲢Ǻܶࡣ
һȭһȭңӣҶ޿ɱܣڿһ˼ĽǶȱ仯ƾջʮ׵ľ룬һƣȻ䵽ħ޵ϡ
𣡡
һ޺ħޱҶľٶŭˣСȻ䵽ϣҶҲħȣֻһֱ۴ССֱۣ֪ħ޵ǶôӴ
һħѾкĵУǣҪҶ϶
Ҷôױ˦ΣյĵطҲȫĵطܿħ湥̾ϣħ޷ǹԼ塣
ɱԥĳ֣Ҷһ˸һӳħ޵ĺ󱳴ŭ
ϣ
ĽҶֱ۸оۣɱֶסûڷ飬Ѫ
üӲۼףգҵٴα۷塣Ҷ㰵ľħ޵ۼһ¡
ħ޳ʹȻûƿķǿҵ𵴻˼ڸУ϶ϣҶ
òװħ޵ĹҶ׷ץסƬһע˺ܶ࣬ⱻɳȥɱٴ¡
ϣ
һײҶһյһ˿ɾԽ󣬷ҲԽǿҶһֻһ֮ĥ
ʱޣȻĥۼףҶôʱ
ʮӣϵۼһƬģٵطƽ
ϴʹħ𶯵ĽƵŭĲصϧ޷Ȼһᱻľ󾪴
ͨ
ħ޾Ȼһ͵һҶٲ뿪ͻᱻѹ֮£ħ޹Ȼһ㣬к̺ܸߡ
һ䣬廮һߣ䵽ӱԵħޱصһ̣һħ޵Ķ䴦ῳڣҶ㲻ᡣ
ǣ
ӵٶޱȣħ޻δ󣬸Ѿ£ݺݵնԴϣĽ
𣡡
ħʹֱУǰðǣһʮܣرǶ棬Щ⣬ۼ޷סһѪڿС
Ѫȫ̼ħޣɺ֮⣬ޱߵޱʮֲֿǲҪĽ࣬Ҷâܹһ
ۣ
ħ޵һȭϣһƵӾȻһֱ۴ϸĻˣҲʮֲ̫֮ˡ
Ҫط̫СҶ޷ǿʵܸĻᣬҪʩչ似ħ޵ݺڵϡ
ģ
Ҷ屻ϳһѷ죬ҶֻĴܣе׽⣬ķΧԽԽСȥ綼ᱻħ޸˺ѡ
Ϊκβ𡣡Ҷŭһŭȣиӻһƥ
ŵӡڿнݱһ޸죬һУҶ֮ҫݺݵĿŭˣĸӡʼи
ǣ
һѿħһ˿ɻû뵽ǰСȻһ
̧ȭͷҶ㸫ȭͷڿз
꣡
ڸӸħֱ۽Ӵһ̣һǴħ޵ֱ洫ģҶһ˾Ÿһ˺ħޡ
أ
ħʹĿУӿʼζֱһһ߳ĿӣѪ
ˡ
ħĳ˼ɲʹۣȻҪҶͬھ˺壬Ѿ׽ŭһǳױˣҶٲɱʱֻܸһ档
ԽԽ󣬽ҪӣҶŲĿռ𽥱Сޱ֮ħޱ;ӴһŴ󣬲ҪһӻҪһ
˵սˣŶͷƤ飬ȭͷҶСһȭҪǳˣҶһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ㶯ɱˡ
ʱһһйȥٵӶ˿ˣֻм˻ڴأһﶼӳѶ߳Ҷ㲻ڳʮɻҶʵӦͽˣΪʲôڻûг֡
赼ʦǼ˿мѶ򣬼ۣ֪ܿԵɣǴŽ֮ɫŵĲΨһһ㡣
һأʮ쾳ǳ˷ͷ˵㣬սʤ֣ȫ˳ʮֲϾôЩֻ꣬м˴ӵ߲㰲ȫ߳
ҶܴмѶȰȫ߳Ѷȵ߲߳һҪȳ߲˵
һֱ̭һˣֻʣǧңһػ̭ˡ
ʦ˵Ҷܰȫ߳𣿡ܳʮֽҶ㿪ĿʵģʽĻ
һᰲȫİɣ
赼ʦ˫ȭȭΣҲҶС
ʱʣ޼ˣڲʱҲˡŽ
ٵȵȣҶһа취ģôʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ᰲȫ߹һҲһ赼ʦҶܰȫ߳͸ϴһͷ֣ûйҵ
мѶȵĲ߲ȻͬǴҶֻ֪ǻֵͬѣʵսмĲҪȳ߲Ϻܶ࣬һ
Ҷ˫ðһɺ֮һ˼ĽǶȣȻ߱ʽһʽʽ
ʽҶɱ̧


73 ˺Ƥ
ԼٷŴħޣҶѡǿʩչ߱ʽһʽʽų壬ɱһУ
ŸڼʧҶϧóƷʯάһУʩչҶͻħС
ɱ̧ÿ̧һ֣ҶĶͷ϶ִˮԿֲٶģȫעһ֮С
䣡
ŸĲռ䷢¡¡ħһ˿־壬·𿴴һһ㣬һγأһ
ʽҶ޷׵һʽʩչʽԡ
ӷ¡һն£ҶȫԼƣŸӶƶƥ֮ˮк£ƺûء
ǣ
ռȻܲסӵѹȣһЩطʱѿֻǼ󣬿ռʮּӲֻдﵽ侳ƿռ䡣
ħֹͣ˱ߣĸӡȻһƨ˵ϣ֮оǾ޷ţٶȼ죬Ĳ˼飬Ҳֻ֮䡣
꣡
ӡһԲΣħ޵ͷ֮ϣ䣬ħ޵ȻѿԲθӡħ޵ˡ
۵
ɱڵϣҶ·һһĵڵϣѪ۳ɺǿ֧壬˫ֲħ޵档

ҶѸɿݣָͷ붯ղʽȫڹһһߣܽ׻ɱ
ˮһ㣬ӿҶ棬ڲ䵽֫ٺŸȫÿһطڷ˱ԼٶȻָ
֮ҶȫָͣŸȫָȻеδ󰭣ӿվѪٶȡ
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ħֻʣһƤңȫѪʧСҶֹͣգվӣȫһ糴һ㣬Ҷһս
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˼ȹϵϣʮʱ䣬˽ȻҶˣҲᱻ̭еӶˣֻһڡ
СӹƳˣҿ˵мѶȵĲһͷǿޣŵӽȥѡģʽ֪ͷ޶ôǿ󡣡һЩ˿ʱˣҶ㻹ûΪҶ档
ǿɲһ㲻ˣҲϨ𣬹ƹغˣڵĲ֧ôãʵѾءһЩС˵ⱻ
ϧôõŵԺʦⲻ·𡣡һЩҲΪҶеϧúõһ
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Ҷ֮󣬸̨ϵһƺе㲻ţСӾȻܰȫĴӵĲ߳
ĿҶ㣬Ųĥɱݺ˹ȥŽŲߵ̨档
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ҶǻһߣħӴԴ˳ȥȻ˹ȥ
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С֣ŭһƳҶ˹ȻҪڻɱҶ㡣
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Ҷʵģʽ棬ôܲŭ˺ݺݵһ⣬ѿԷ޷ɱԼԺҲ޷͡
Ҳ벻ҶȻôѵͲ½ѧԺ֮ڰнɱֻܽ޷ȵԺ
ڶ־ճҶ㿴ˣûмǲҶ飬һлᣬɱ
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һȽͳЩռݲٱˣڶرƴսǿҲռƣ似ǿƺԡ
һֲؼģһܳɳߣҪԽǿԾԽãĳɾҲߡ
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˵ô࣬㳡˶ߵĲˣֻʣ̸ۡ

㳡ͻȻһ쫷磬εʦԼָóһ̺һĶӭŴıмʮƽСƯڿС
⡭ʲôʮ˶ˣ̺ӾȻأԼ
ǷͥԺΪ˽ӴǣóģϣǻȥεʦɫЦЦҲһ
Ҷɣе˶׷̤̺ӣ󻺻𣬳ѧԺȥ
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ӭͥԺԺǾһˣҽǿԳƺΪԺʮˣԼ˵
Ժʮ˻ʮֹ
ڿʼǾѧԺŵӣһȥã˸ǰסĵط
ȻǼѧԺԺ¾Ͳ׼ѧԺ棬ʦֵ֮ҪŽᣬڵӽֹ໥ɱ׼ʦ棬һɷϳΪѧԺؽԼ̡ɢһǿƣٴ˵һ顣
ÿµѧԺһνᣬʱǶȥμӣʲôĵطѯʵʦǶΪǽɻ󣬽ϵ⡣
ÿĩӦԴϣǶ֪ˣλȡ׵㣬ҾͲϸ˵ˣ׵÷ǳĴڹòԻȡʯҩؼ似ȵȣù׵㻻ȡʱ䣬ϣǺúϧȡճΪŵӡΪһԺýĻ˵ˣʲô·


77 ѡ
˵һʱ䣬ˣЩ¼ĵӣҿʼ϶ǳ˷֮ɫڼԺΪһŵӡ
ˣҸһȥãȥһŵ·һЩԴԼסĵطԺ뿪εʦټһҶһɽȥ
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ɫߣҶʱûȥߵɫǽ棬ǩҶۻңһˡ
ܼ򵥣ȥħɭѰһħʯĶܵõһ׵㣬ܷ
ֵܣ㲻ῴ˰ɣȰ㻹ǷһʮҶߣ£ŵӷΡ
ĵӰɣҽԪŵӡ˵
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ЩĵӻЩѶȣΪһ£㲻ҪСѰħʯ񣬵ħɭ㶼ȥǵ侳ȥҲǾ鲼ޣʮ֮ǰŵһȥѰħʯڻûлƻزˣȰ㻹ȥ̼ȥȽʺŵӣرֲŵĵӡΪҶܵ
лʦָ㡣˵Ҷ㳯ɫǽȥ


78 Ѫħս
ɫǽȽ϶࣬飬ۻңҶ㶨һϣɱѪħʮͷȡٹ׵㣬˵ѶȲǺܴ󣬵ǶһĺѶȾͲСˡ
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ȼһʮҵߣһҶ㣬漴ʵ
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ѪħսͨзѪħս˻ֻҪöʱͻᱻͻǧҪʧмǣǰһʱ䣬һὫѪħսΪҶ͡
лָ㣡Ҷлһ
˹ãҶ˳ɽ·ɽȥͱ˲һյʱ䣬Ҷ㿴ǰֺöˣŶӣǰѪħս
յǰ棬Ҷ㷢ԼΧסˣЩڳһطһֻı顣
СôԳֵܣ˵µӶԳϳԹٿ
СԳԺˣǵﲻ𣬶һԺŵǰʮ˷ĸ˷үүѧԺһʸĳϣĵӼͿСӲˡһ¸ղ˵ꡣ
˵ϽӣȻСҶ˻ʯԲʮ׾붼ܸ֪һ
λסʲô˼ҲʶλɡҶ˵
Сӣ㲻ʶңֵܿʶ㣬ֵܼ˺úõչ㣬ѪħսѪħɣʱǺý˵ǴԳ֮
Ҷһ˿ɱ˵ԼѪħսزˣǳв
ҵİȫ͸λģȥǵӣҶ㲻֮ˣҪǸϴ⣬ӷһЩҶЦ
Сӣ㻹֪ԳɣԳûһк³Գʱ˵һŭҶ㴵˹
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Ҷ֪ѧԺҶ֣Ժ޹˼ɣҶγǣ֣ܶͳֽɱˡ
ûɱһҶ߽Уһ˸ҶʧݣѪħս
СˣȻֵô˵ԳС귢
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Ѫħս𣿺ŨѪħ֮Ѫħս֮ҶܵŨѪ
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Сȥˣô죬Ҫ׷ȥ𡣡϶ʵ
СӽѾɱжҪȥʱ򽣹ӽ͸һһ׵㣬һö鵤ҩѾʹ͸ˣСɱʱܻȡһ׵㣬ǾϢ²񣬰ȡͻƵ侳ϴʱ˵
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˳֣Ѫħ̧ͷҶ㿴˹ͳŭ
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ʮѪħʳҶ˹֮дѪ֮ɫצһץ£ףѪħٶȾȻǳĿ졣
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ҶĿľɱѪħԽԽãɱԽ࣬ʱܻȡĹ׵㣬ܻȡһţҲܻȡ鵤
ʯ鵤߱ر֮ҶҪǳʮҪĴչ鵤ʯһͻ쾳ʱҪ鵤һֲ֡
ѪħľתۼҶץɺɫϢȳ֮ǻ֮Уʮֶġ

Ѫħ˹Ҷһŭȣָð˳˫צץȥ
꣡
ҲһͷСħʵںң˲䱻Ҷ˺ѣ֮оѪҶչ
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ת֮䣬ҶɱͷѪħǵԴšսָ֮УѪħҶпĹֶΣȻͬʱһ
ÿСӣʵÿҸͻƴСһͷѪħȻ˵ˣҶ㳯ͷѪħ˹ȥȫڣȻɳ˺ħ׶Ρ
ԭЩȫѪħɱͷѪħħкܴϵ˺ħ׶Σ쾳࣬ʮǿһ޷ƿ塣
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੣ûɱǣľѪʢʺաͷħһ촽ȻŵҶ澫Ѫζ˫ð⡣
Ҷɫ䣬ɱУһɸâն£ƥͷħ
ҶƥĸӡͷħȻһ˿ţҶչֳȻҪ쾳Ҫǿ󣬲淴Ȼʩչ似á
ǣ
һѷ죬ӡն˵ϣһأһҶ˺ü򣬺ħ޴ɱܡ

Ҷһȣʱ䣬ŵӡݺύħοסˡ


79 ɱѪħ
ӡڿݺύסħÿһܶܵĿռ䣬Ϊƥ⣬ŭն¡
꣡
ħԴշһѪм׸ߵľ룬ĹȻҶ˹Ҷ㻹ʱ򣬻¡
ʣЩħҶһнħɱ־֮ɫ̵һԶȥ
ߣѾˣ
ٴƥĸ⻯ΪʮУ˳ȥÿһߵͨ
ۣ
Ѫ·һѪ꣬ڿУʮͷѪħԴҶһӸϣ嵹ز
ѪħԴҶ㿪ʼɨսħľѪ֮ҶоԼ쾳ֽ˲٣ȥ綼쾳
żʮʬ壬һѧԺĵӣҾ͵°ɣһӣҶ㽫Щʬ嶼ǵĴָȻҶȡˡ
ʮöĴָһߣҶϳ˷֮ɫû뵽ɱôѪħҪǻд鵤ʯԭô˶ϲɱԽԭôס
ǧö鵤ԼǧöʯҶᵽԼָУмٿѪħҶڳһָרŴѪħ֮á
˵ز˾ղսѪ죬ƺܿͻдѪħ߾ۼҶʱǸѪħȽʵ˵
ԳͻȻ֣ҶҲôеҪʵԳ֣ҶҪ쾳ӦԽ˷ĴѹлᣬһҪݺݵ˷硣
һҲһԼҶ㶼ҪǵΨһĿľʵǿʵǰһжҶҪնһУǰĶҪĴݲе
ҶʧãԳӰӺ֣ܿŵϵѪħԳɫǺܺÿҪǻкħʬ塣
磬С̫ƻˣٶȾȻô죬ǻһˡԳϴ˵
ҪӲԶǼ׷ȥһ׷ϣҾͲˣһֱ뵽ѪħսĵشħĴڡϴΪ⣬Ҷ㶥ҲΧɱѪħ̫ĵطҽ롣
ĵӰӽųҶʧķ׷ȥʵǵںҶֻ֪ǲмһ˰ˣڴֵһ̣ҶͲ²⵽ˣһѪħս֡
ҶѾٶȣҶȫ·Ǹ޷׷ϣﾭдӳ֣ҶҪٵĵط
Сô£ôԽԽƫƧûѪħ֡ҶƫѪħսĵشǳԵȥԳе㲻ס
СӲҪܰɡԳ˵
Ǽӿٶȣ㽫ʱǰĵĽһʱ䣬ȡս侳
ԳеȲˣʵѾ쾳۷壬һξõĻᣬɱҶܻȡһ׵㣬ܵõһ鵤Щ׵㻹鵤ͻƵ侳ָտɴ
ҶٶԽԽԳܿӰҶھҴϢÿӶΣͣϢһ¡
쿴СӺˣ׷һѾܽ׷ϡԶԶȥҶ߱ͣƺ㣬Գɫϲ
һ֣ҶͻȻʧԭأѾԶѪħս˽ɱԽ֮ء
ףСȥˣղŻԳҲ֮УҶʧˣæ
Сһ㣬СʮֽթҪȦףǷֿѰҡԳʮ־裬γһȦӣҶ͵ϮҲܺܿӦ
Ҷվһϣˣɫ䣬ɱʼɢ
𣿡ҶЦһ
Сӣԭҿ㻹ӡԳЦһϱ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ҶһֻۣǽյˣǼȻΪԼߣҶҲȥ⡣
Ȼˣ͹ԹԵ־ܰɣƤ֮ࡣԳЦ
ϲ־ܣҪԡҶ˫ֱأˣЦ
СӣȻ˿ҽˣ͵ѪħĸоıȽϲ̣ȻҪҶˣȥιѪħ
䣡
ҶðһŭŭܸԼôʱ䣬Ϊ˾ҪɱԼҶǰɱѳֽɱЩ˾Ȼ֪Ҷ㶯ŭ
ǶҶָײԾð˳ɱȻ
Գ໥һۣû뵽ҶɱȻŨǾɱɱ̫˲Ҷڽڽﻹиղݽߵӡ
Գһƺ͹Ҷʵôñܣ˶оеԲҶ㲻쾳ôã˳ԳԤ롣
໥һԳڿն𣬳Ҷ˹似֯һǵضҪҶû似ĺ
Գиϰߣܸκսһ֣ѾγĬݱһ󷨣侳ڣһս֮Ҳǽ˷ΪʲôɳԳԭ
ߣҶһ˹צ֡
гǿҲַ˵Щľ죬Ȼѿܲס˵̤
ģ
ԳĹٶ죬ܿ͵ҶǰԴԳһȭҶǻһЦݣһץԳȭͷץ
ҶȻץȭͷԳЦһҶΪһȭҲʮ֮һǿ׳ĺţҲܱһȭ
һ飬ĶҶ㣬һأһȭһķѣϳЦ֮ɫʱͻȻޱʹ֮ɫ
ȭͷӴҶצһ̣Գ˿ֲĺ
ҵ֣ҵ֣ԳʹĵأѪⲻˣֻʣɭ׵ĹͷҶһצץ£Ѫȫ˺
ԳһоͱҶ֣ʣɫ䣬ٶȱøӿ٣ܣҶһתһץҲԳץ˹ȥ
꣡
ҶָһԳţֱһĹͷĶҶˡ
ûɱԳɳȥҶһأֱһ䣬צΪȭԳֱϺᵯȥǷ֮
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ͷһ뿪ԳоԼֱͻȻʧȥ֪ĹͷһѿҶһȭȻֱ۴ϣ顣
ʣһСԳҶЦһȭͷΪޱƣеԳɳȥԴݿķʽҶ˲߽˵Ľ
˶δſ־Ҷ㣬֮оǿ־壬·ڿһħҶս׽Ǿˡ
㡭ʵôôǿ󡣡ԳԼȭͷʹ֮ɫ᲻٣žҶʵ


80 ŭնԳ
ҶԼȲпķʽ߽˽ˣʵԳɫ䣬ƺţҶսﵽ˵侳ڣôôǿ
ԳԸţž񣬵Ҷ㡣
׷ɱҵʱû뵽ᱻҷ׷ɱɡҶЦһ
ȻҶˣδʧȥսԳ𾪺ֳһԳҲһƿסˡ
˳ҶЦڤ粻飬Ǿͳ·
һϹ˱֮󣬹ɳʯݺᣬЯǵضҪҶû似֮С
ȻҾͳȫǣҶһ˿Ȼ֮ɫΪһǣ˫ȭ˫
ֱȡҶԴԼ࣬ԳҶɫޱ仯ȭͷȥ
ԳԳҶȻӳһ˿ǿ󣬻ӱĳ
ת˲֮䣬жϴˣҶȭͷײһ̣ûѪǳһѿȫ
Ϊ䵽˿Уһ𵴣ԳԳȥ
ͣ
ƿЩռ䣬ԳԳ棬ѣĲ
廹λ䴩Ҷ㲻ͣһץ˺˶ԳķץڶԳĲϡ
꣡
ԳŲŵ񣬸Ҷָ״ĲӣѪ
̵Ѫӵ˳ҶתＱתԽԽͣ쾳ֻһʱͻƣ纣ˣʼ
ʱ䣬Գ弱ٸɱֻʣһƤңҶ˳һԵĴԳ
ң˭ɱҵġҶȻ²ǽ˷磬ǲȷϾû׿˵
СӣɱҵֵܣҪɱ㡣ԳѾʧȥǣֱֳҶ˹ȻҪͬھ
ûôסԴԳҶЦһһץԳԭأסĲӡ
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Ҷһӷǵ
˵ģҶ㺬ŭ
СӣҪɱҪı㣬ӵ׳κζԳ֪һơ
ҵҪĹͷжӲҶһ˿аЦ
Ҷ˵꣬ԳҽһԼһֻ䲻ˣҶק
СӣбɱңʲôӢۡԳʹҽ֮
ұͲʲôӢۣڲ˵Ҳʹ֮㳢һ½תĸо
ҶʼղΪԼʲôӢۣԹӢ۶ҶôֻΪ˱ѡ
ҲŹ㣡žʹԳŵϼֵܵʬ壬Լܣߴ󣬺˼λֵܡ
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һĲҽӴԳﺰ˳תζʮֲܡ
˵˭ָʹǰɱҡҶ㺬һ̴ֱԳ꣬һ
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˫̧ЩҶֱϣ죬ǰʮִ

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˯ͷǻҵĸǡԳָڷһö鵤Ҷϲüҡ
һöǽ˷縶ԳɱҶı꣬ԳԼЩҲ˲ԴҲһö鵤ʯöڶҶ㡣
ɱ˶ᱦȻǷ¸ĺ÷ŪҶȥɱˡҶһЦͷһҲֻѡ
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ҶҪ̫ˣԺ֮󣬲֪ԼǶôСӼ˵ѧԺ½Ҳǲ׺һ
ҶѧԺҲһҪϵܻȡһϯ֮أȻ綼ᱻ̭
ӴԽ㣬ӽҲһҶ뵱ߣһµĴĿ겻ֹ۷壬ɽ磬硣
뿪֮ҶѪħսԶһȺѪħһٶͷﵽһͷħһͷħħͳʮϸÿһͷħм䣬ͻһͷħԴơ
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ڹĵҶоԼǲһɱɱһͷѪħʱҶܵ˶㣬һ䣬ʧԭأ׼ͻ쾳


81 쾳
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һʱȥˣҶĶͷϿʼֺ飬Ϊʲôҵתôʱ䣬δһ˵תʮ죬Ӧûֵһѵ󣬻⡣ҶһͻƣҲעԼ仯
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һһҶ߹һ磬ղ̾ܵ˲һգһܶľ޷⣬Ҷս
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ˤڵأܶͷѵ廹ڼʼزϰ벿°벿ʼ鴤Ĺͷ·𳴶һ㣬ҲһСȹǡ

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83 
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վڹڤ۵һˡԴһǹ룬ǵ侳޷ƿķͭǽڡ
վһҪһͷңСһһŵӣ壬˸Ѳиţйһֽ
һ໹ˣһҶʶǵ÷߻һŮ˽ѩȻҪ÷Ϻܶ࣬ɫҲϵȣ˼ǵ츳ĵӣѧԺ׷Բ÷͡
һˣվʵȣ˿ͣ޺õЩŵеٮٮôͻȻڴ˵أҶȫ֪
ӸղһŭУҶһЩĬӦǵѪ飬ǼҪ
ѪҶҲţһϡпʯǴȱٵһŲϣҶȻռĲˣǻмҪĶδҵѪһ
Ѫʮأ޷װ봢ָ֮У˭Ҳ㲻ףѪѾӵԣ޷սĿռ䡣
Ҷ뿪˻ˮѪ֮Ҷ㻹Ƕסӣȥôչ


88 ħս
ղŵһŭ𣬴Сǣʱ䣡ͷѪħС˳һͷϢޱǿ󣬾ȻһͷħҲСǵĬˡ
Ǽôõʱ䣬ΪĬǲɣҪΪѧԺӣĬ˾Ͳɱǡ
ͷħʵ侳࣬ƺǿ󲻵ȥȻҲƫƧСǡ
ѪħҲŵȣЩѪħǳǿЩѪħΪѪ⣬ʵǺܸߣѪħѪ죬ЩѪħܱġ
콫Ѫ齻ȻǽΪƽءٴ˵ʮְ
Ҷ㳯ڿ˹ȥֶϢǳǿ󣬹һħĶ֣ЩÿŵӣԽսÿһϹƶ
ҵҪôΪƽأѪѾҵˣҪҪû¡
Ĭ˴Ц˿ǰ˷
ѧԺ໥һۣжܿɱһһ޴Ѫ飬ÿ˶ֵܷһ飬ҶԼȴû뵽ȡѪʱĬͻȻ֣Ѫߡ
ȻˣǾͳȫ㣬ôˣһֱ㰲ȻĻȻ㲻飬ǽݹǣСǳ׻𡣡ʾһ񣬰˿ʼǰɱѪħ
੣˵˭ᣬҵҪôңǿѧԺӣΪÿζܰȫɳǣҪΪÿνҶֻ֪ǲмڻɱǰˡ
СǾѧԺٵӶɱѪħĬ˻֪ʵСĵӻ֮ɱЩŵĬ˶һֻ۱һֻۣΪһѧԺ֪ƻɳǿ߽ĬȻѪħһ㲻͡
ѧԺҲĶСʺΪɱѪħ֮ȫʱĵطûУ˫ƽһٶꡣ
飬˫ˣĬܽѪ飬Ĭ˵ıƺûд㽻˼
ѪܴѪħõ֮һҲܶħй
ЩѪħΧ󲿷ֶħħǺܶ࣬ħָ
ǸɱˣĬкһѪħȳһ㣬ĳ˳
Ѫħ˿ʼʱе𾪣ղĬ˵Ǻ֪ôЩ꣬Ĭ˵ʵһ侳ӽᱻɱôЩˣе侳Ĭ˾ǲ뽫˫ϵֽ
ǽĬһ磬˺ƤʼɱѧԺӣѵȥˣʱɳ洫ӣȫԽΪƽء
Ѫħܿ˲ͣ˸ԱȫʧԭأѪħ֮С
ʱ䣡
һѪ֮ЩѪħնɱת֮䣬һѪħʬ塣
ÿĽÿĵðԵ塭˳֣ڰеҶ𾪲ѣ˵ʵҶ̫Ӿ
ҲЩ˵Ķ֣һҲǶ֡Ҷ㰵˵˶Ǹÿڶӣһʵǳǿ
ħвһ֮Уħ˵ˣֻܱѹ
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һҶĿ⣬õĹڤÿһγҶ󱳶оë̫Σˣȫÿһ緽λһߣʱһ
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սҶڼ˼Ĭ˳ڳ⣬ֳôѪħǳһ飬ҾͿԳû룬ѰѪ顣
ΪѪ鲻ЯĬһѪڳУֻҪҵҾͷˣÿԴĲϡ
ҶڵȣĻᣬϣܻУǴĻʱ͵͵ȥȡҵѪ֮
սһյʱ䣬ѪħǧͷűѪħĬվסˣЩĳһô࣬Ҫþòָܻ
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ֻе˷ñС޷ⶡڸҶһ𾪣ⷨȻǿ
޴ӡ¸ѹĬ˾ƳӡºɨȥֲȻӡƫˡ
һΪǷأһдƷǰ뷨㲢δȫƳɹĬ˻йӡ֮жϣöӡûгͣȻѶԸ
Ȼǰ뷨Ը㹻ˡ
Щÿһֳֶֻнֿȭó뷨սб
һö뷨൱һ侳һ侳֣ս˷츲صı仯ֱײĬ˵Ĺÿһȭв壬֮
˫ս뵽˰Ȼ׶ΣҶ㿴Щ˵ս̫ˣȻû侳֣¾ιۿ֮Ҷ似ĸ򽫻ᷢһη츲صı仯
ս뽺ʱҶʧˣȻʧ֮У˲УֳյģѪħ롣
һЩͿտҲѵĬ˴뿪Ҷ²⣬ǰľһǡ
ѹĬҪѪ˳ȥֳֶԸѧԺӣǲȥˡҶ²⡣
Ҷ²ûĬȷʵȥˣõѪ֮󣬻һطѪħսĵشʺѪħչ
ҵѪ˵Ҷ˲ʧԭء


89 Ӷ
ҶСǵʱ򣬷е㲻Ծ˵СǲֻɸղЩѪħô£Ѫħȥ˺δ
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СҶ㻹ǿһЩѪħߣ뿪˳ץסһͷħ
﷢ʲô飬ΪζҪż뿪ҶסѪħĲӣǵ
˲ҪɱҡͷѪħŵö£æġ
Ϳ˵ҶֱϼӴƺҪˡ
ҲǺֻǼǰĬ˴ͻȻѪħҪ뿪ǰѪħսĵش˵Ѿʺȥˣֻ¡Ѫħսս˵
֪Ĭ˵סΪ뿪Ҷ㲻ȤĿѪ飬ֻҪҵѪ飬뿪
ʶˣҾĬ˴˵ˣĬ˴˻ûߣ뿪ǰߴܿһĬ˴˵סͷħҶɱһ񣬲κ
ȥҶͷħղָķ˹ȥսȻڼƺĺأӳ⴫ǵŭ
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ԳѪħҶ飬ȭһʩչһ磬ЩѪħѹΪѪҶգΪһſѪ
빬֮У泤滨ݣȻѪħ֮еȻģ࣬ЩԺԸѪħսһƬûսѪħｨ˻أ˫öԵȵĶȡԼҪԴ
űصҶ˫ð⣬ǰһڶȻЩһգȫΪھħ֮С
ħ֮ҶûżħѹȻҲγ˵ҩ״ֵҩ鵤鵤һ֣ƷҪ鵤Ϻܶࡣ
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Ҷ㲻ͬѹħħ֮κʶų⣬鵤Ʒʽڽ
һſžӨ͸鵤γɣҶɫϲȻٶʮֻôŶö鵤ʵԺɵٶȹҲԽԽ졣
תۼĹټĹݱҶɸɸɾסħ¶֮ɫҶľٶˡ
˵Ĭ˵ʮ־޴Ҷ㲻һȥʱȣһսֹͣĬ˻صڵʵĬ˵Ķ֡
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ͷħҶ㳯ȥһ·֮ϻѪħ룬Ҷˣ޵ֵ֮Ҷ·һ̨ѹ֮һƬꡣ
ôһʯҶͻȻͣס˽Ųǰ濴һһŻСʯȻʯδɹĬ˾Ȼڷֱ̫ݳˡ
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ֻҪмֵĶҶͳͳߣûʲô˼ģҪ뿪ˣհײա
ˣĬ˴˵ңԷ𣿡ͷħָָԱһ޴ңСĳҶʵ
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ƿҵķţҶ˽ȥҺܴ󣬾ȻƵĲ࣬ڷŲٱͨӶ࣬ħ˵Ǽߣô
ףҶͻȻһ֮ϡ
Ҷ㾪
Ĭ˾Ȼռ˲ǴЩɱĵлõġ
޴棬ڷʮꪼУҶĶȻԼòϣԺҲԷȥȡԼõĶ
֮Ҷ㿪ʼѰѪ飬ҷ˺ü飬ûѪӰӡ
ѵĬ˲δѪҶüͷ΢塣
Ѫ޷ЯĬ˸ղСսûѪ֣Ҳ˵Ѫ黹С֮УĬ˲ǷԼסĵطǻ
Ҷ㿪ʼһѰңŹκ˿˫ǽϣװεƷϣҵһЩ
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ҲҶܾҪ뿪ȥطңͻȻֵİҶţһĬеı
Ϊָޣ󲿷ֶǰڷ棬ֻнĶڷڽָ棬ĬôЩ꣬һ˴ҶƲ⡣
Ҵ⣬̽һ£ûл֮ģⱻ˰㡣
оûʲôΣգҶ㳯ͨȥȻǳ죬һҡ
Ҷ²û˳̨ףҶܿ쿴һʯţƶͲ档
һûѾҵأʯŷǵһ޴ʯҳҶǰһŵĻֳܳ
ֱ˽ȥҶ㱻ǰľ󾪴ˣǵصĸֱҶĿϾӣ·ҪҶʮּ
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ҶҪЦԼʼܿ˹ȥãô࣬Ҷ㲻ȫߣֻѡõĴˣʯ鵤Ҷ飬ȫߡ
ϻڷʮѪҶߣЩݵ͵Ҷֻܷ
գۼĹҶ㽫յ߰˰ˣϣϣϡеĽŹ񶨸һ޴ɫʯͷϡ
һɳѪɢ㽫Ҷ˳ȥ
⡭Ѫ飿Ҷֻ˵Ҳֻ˵ȭͷСѪ飬ǰѪɫʯͷˮ״СɢŨѪһɹԴɢ
ѹҪĬ˷ôһѪ޷ļֵǴʮҲ㹻ˡҶ
Ҷ²ûһͨѪ飬ǰҲ׷ᣬΪѪ̫ҪˣѵһôѪ飬뵽֮УɳʱȻҲԽ


90 
ž޴Ѫ飬Ҷ˫ð󾫹⣬ΧѪȦôȥ
ôųȥʱһᱻǷ֣ڵʵֻܱɱߣҶĿȫû壬һĿľѪ顣
ҶŽѪսָ֮Уǵ˺üΣѪȻڷԭأû
ùŹֵѪ飬Ȼ޷սָСҶ㿴Ѫ飬
ףΪʲôû뵽սħءҶͻȻһ
һֱҶ㶼þħ󻯳ɶԼõԴȴûħĿռ޴ܲܵһĿռ䡣
ħͷųһǿ֣ЩҶĶ˽ݻΪֵʯͷ֮ĶȻֽˣһƽһʽ뵽ҶС
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Ҷ·´½Щʽ֮ҶоԼȻڷȻһ֮
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ЩδܱյĲϣҶͳͳħ֮УκʣҶ·ɣǳ֮ɵԽ࣬ʵҲԽǿ
ħűһԢǳ䣬ܼ򵥣ǴøҶΪǳ֮壬лѰҺľ硣
һ˵ǿȻ񼶹ɼ似ȻԳɳΪһǿߡ
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ǳһӣܰǳ֮˽ÿ뵽֮УԷɿٶ
ܱһգֻʣһѪ飬Ҷ㽫񶨸Ѫ֮ϣһħܲܽɽȥȴȻȥҵһַܴԼ

һǰٴγһڶһǿˣϵѪ˶ҶһϲӴ
ˮ״СѪ黺ڵĶ֮Уٴλָƽ
ƯھħеѪ飬Ҷ¶˿ϲ֮ɫ˵Ѿ˾սôãѾֳʤҶҪ뿪
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ǲҪ̫ΪĬκβ𡣡
Ĭ˷һУȻҪӸ߳ǰ˶֮ӣԽս϶ڻһ뷨Ĭ˾Ȼ뱻
㽻Ѫ飬㲻һԺķ׿ŭ
ѪѾͳȥˣҪȹһ˵ɡĬ˵ʵͻȻǣϳͬĬˣѪħͶӰħ츳ܡ
˴󾪣ѪħͶӰʮѲȻʵƾնˣ˻Ǹоʮͷۡ
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Ĭ˽У໥һۣ򶡲ڣ֮УڵʵߣһҲһѰѪ飬˺óʱ䣬ŴѪħսһϿҵ㶪ĬãѪߡ
ʦ֣ô죬ѵǷѪ𣿡޺õʵ
ܾôˣʵĬ˵Ķ֣ѾĵӷϢƺܿмĵӵܽĬɱ˫ɢ׹⣬һͲࡣ
һкĵӲ룬ʱ϶ҪһҪѪ飬Ǹô졣˵ôҶ뵽˳Ĭ
ûдۣĵǲְǵģһ֪úĵ֪ôһѪ飬ֲǵõˡ
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Ǹ׼ϢʱĬͻȻȥɢŨѪһɳɱ
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ĬˣҪ˵˵õѪ飬뿪α㽻֣ȻѪ飬һĵӵˣҵҪôŭȻĬԩˡ
Ʊ磬ȺѧԺĳ裬ȻҵǣѪôԵ޹ʵʧ͵Ѫ飬ռһԴϴһգǺơĬ˵ˣų˵
ȫû뵽ᷢ飬Ȼ˳ǽֵʱĽСǣѪ͵ߣ˳ӶĬвƲ
Ĭˣڸһ飬ǲδ͵Ѫ飬ҪҲҪԲ͵ֶΣҿİɣҪġЦһ
ǳҲãҲգǶ˭Ҳ뿪Ĭ˶ŭɱӿһˡ
ȻˣǾɱаħҲýͣȻΪĬ˹ô˵ģѪѾʧǰ˷
ŵĺֹڣһҲǲţѪǿۿĬͽСǣ֮սǰҲһʱ䣬ôôѪͲˣȻĬѡ
ٴγ߸ӰӣѪħͶӰ˲֣ÿһѪħ涼ɢޱŨѪĬ˺Ȼ֡
һνָң˽ڽڰˣĬ˵Ķ֣ʮ֮ˣƵĽҲ޷Ĭ˿񱩵ɱ⡣
䣡
һ޴˶Ʒ˳ȥǶߵķݣˤԶԶġ
Ĭ˺飬УһæʩչɱﵣŵֵĬ˾ɱһ
ǿˣĬѾˣݱܷâ
һеĬ˵ĻˣĬ˵Ѫ鶪ʧģȻƴ˭Ѫ͵أȫһһ
뿪Скüľ룬Ҷ㿴ˣӻóһöֽ֮ǰһͨҶ˽ȥһ½ͨҶѧԺɽ


91 ɽ
ҶͻȻһᣬʧȥܳһƬ½ͨҲʱ䣬Ҷ˫ŵأѧԺɽ
ֵķȻܴѪħս½Ҷһ̾
ѧԺܶɽңҶ㽵ߵһɽΪѧԺȻפⷽԲ޳ûȻУҲһЩСޣɱûС
һЩŵӽ븽һɽҲİȫ⣬ֻҪвޣһա
ҶҲż˽ŲӼѧԺÿ춼жȹͽѪħսʱҶҲҪúõϤһѧԺĵλá
ŨѧԺɽеҪκεطŨܶ࣬Ƶ¿϶
ǹԹԵĽϵĶݹǲһɽϣ꽫һŮΧסˣһ귢ȡ
ǺôĵӣŵӣҲ裬Ȼҹ컯֮£ŵӡܳһŭȡ
ƫƧɽϣＫǰȻ·Ҳһֵӣ·ٵżʣѼֲ֡
ΣٲֻܽǷˡղŵޱš
ٻΪǲɡܳһŭ⣬ֱٻꡣ
˫ʼţʱ׼֣ܳԼ廹ңս׼
ٻߺȻҪڿܳߺܶ࣬ȫ쾳һȣһΣЩѳԶĳЩɽϣٻŵӣʱ˿ܳˡ
ܳǺòȥһЩ׼ȥȡһЩ鵤ͻ쾳ɺãסˣ϶ǵȥˣʮŬȫ׷ѡ
Ȼǲ֪ôֻóֽǻɱɱǣѧԺҲ֪ɽˮ㣬ÿǵ֮ءٻгһ˹
ΪʮƫƧûж·˵أȻɱˣֻҪɾѧԺȥ׷飬Ϊÿ춼ŵ棬ѧԺ׷鲻
ͬʱһֵٻĳʣվһѣٻ쾳Ը쾳ⲻǺܴ
һײɽϻصһײܳ˾Ȼײ˳ȥܵˣǺ쾳
콫϶гǲٻЦгһߣٴγ˺ҧ˹
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˶ǣԺ֮ӣԺ֮󣬲֪ԼǾ֮ܣǾΪԺǿ󣬶ʧȥԭе־
бָٻսһ𣬶ʱ䣬ʮּңٻеĳ̣ܿ壬Ѫܡ
ٸһλᣬٲֻɱˡ
ٻȻҪ϶򲻵һ㲻ɱˣÿһμ׵óѣû뵽һξȻ˼ӲӣϽ
㻹İɣǲὫ϶ġܳǰĽˣ޾ɫ
ȻˣҾͳȫǣһɱٻɢٱΪ⣬ʮѣĿȫֻ֣ܱĿ
ǵأסÿһŲĿռ䣬۷쾳Ȼսʤһ쾳ٻ쾳֣һ۷壬ʵԵġ
ΨһľǱĿǲģԺҲʱ䣬ѵҪбʼĳٻС
飡
ϴһײ˱ǿĽɳȥ·ǶߵķݣԶԶ˳ȥڵ档
ѪģٵطˣһЩ˿ɼǣرǿܳұһ˿ڼжһ첲Ѫӿ
ٻһƺԼղһЩ˻ǿȻǿһ֮£ûֻǽˡ
ҪѾʧȥսٻų˹ȥһ˿Ц£Դ
ͬʱ˫ֻۣܵһߣ̵죬Լٶȵ˻ĲӴ
ˡˡ
ʱ·ֹˣֻʱһһֹȥǻδѪ䣬ܳͬʱ˫ۣٻĳסˣͣڿУԭء
˭ΪҪסҵĳԼǰͻȻһ꣬ҲŵӴ磬ٻһŭȡ
˭ҪҪΪҪɱǡ
Ҷ㣬˳ɽ·ѧԺǰȴû뵽һĻҺüʱϵȻٻ֮¡
Ҷ㣬Ƕ쾳֣ҪСģҶ㵽˷·𿴵ϣϣҶСģϾԷ쾳֡
ĸ϶ѣɱ˾ɱˣȻҲ˻ˮҾһ·ٻЦ
ѧԺֹ֮ѧԺأһɽѾΥѧԺڹ棬չأǵʮգֻǽǻˣһ棬ÿԼϳһ첲
Ҷʮƽƽһ̶ˮ֮аɱȫһ䣬һرҶ¶ɺһɳɱ¾֮

ڳͬʱһЦ·ЦЦҶȻÿԼϳһ첲ֱǿЦ֮
Ϊ˭ѧԺִҲ˵˴󻰣ȻҪϳһһ첲СӣҿǷ˰ɡٻЦҶһ̼ˡ
ȻǲԼԷһ첲ҾִҶ˵꣬ʧԭأȫôʧġ

ͻȻ֮䣬һҽ֣һԼұʹĺұϣǱõжϵģקһЩ棬ȻδȫϵʹҪһжʹʮ
ҶٴλصԭгһЩ⣬Ǹղץ£ҽֱץĩ
㡭ٶôô죡ٻĻˣеء
һλᣬԼϳһ첲뿪ˣȻһҶʮ䵭ӣʼΪܳˡ
໥һۣͬʱ˳Ƕ쾳ҶղŲ͵ϮѣȻһ£׼һֽҶɱ
ǳҶЦһȫΪ⣬Ȼڰ˿ڡ
Сӣɣ
ʣһ֣ͬ似һǵضƺҪҶû
ҶȻ޶ԣĹǻһߣһ䣬ȫҶôָ˲ָ˳˸ɭâץ£


92 
ʣһ֣ͬ似֯Ѥɫʣռ·ܱ򱬣һҶЦһ嵯ָ׷ܳʮ
꣡
һѪڿ䣬Ⱦ˵棬ڲԶĿܳȫϲ٣һ첲ڿлһĻߣ˵ϣ˼¡
ҵĸ첲
֮дһĲҽһ첲ӿе䣬Ѫ꣬Ӷ϶˺ü۰һɫұۡ
ǣ
һͷѹһӰӿˤݺݵڵϣһٻˤͷת
ѵĴӵԼȱٵұۣɫһѪ˫Ŀ죬ŭҶ㡣
Сӣ㵽˭ĺٻı飬Ҷ
ȣѾǳĻϽҹҶһȣصǼ˸Ʒ˳ȥ
ղŻ޺õˣʱһѪģȫѪȾ죬رұۣһƬãǱնϣǱҶ˫צץϣѪ
ʹֹѪѪֹסʹ֮ɫʧ٣ʧȥұ۹Զˣֻе侳֫ǺѴﵽǸ߶ˡ
Ҫٳ֣ҶֲʵֻվһԣŭĿӡ
СӣҼסˣصѧԺһÿ
ٻ֪ھȥʮֲŪҶһʱŭǻɱ޴ߣȻصѧԺͼı
һȺ߹ĿԴôҺÿҶǣܳң˰ˣ
ܿʧҶߣ˴˵أصѧԺ
Ҷ㣬ζ֣Ȼܳ̾Ϣһ
Ҷʦܣڶξһϴȣ־һΣлһݣ˵꣬ȻҪ
Ҷæס¡
ͬʦֵܣǲҪô˵ȻˣȻҪȣΪǷһ飬ȽлڻҾˡҶҲǱԺײħ
ȻҶʦô˵Ҳ飬ӴԺˣֻҪҶʦκΰţϵɽ͹ǡԴǣ˼˵
ʦ˵ĶԣԺ׷㣬ǰȻʦֵܣ֮ĹϵһԺ׷Ҷ㡣
ôԣǶʦһɷʦܣҶҡͷ
Ҷʦܣ֪Ϊѣ仹СеܲˣģǾԲ㣬ֻԺ׷½Ϊ𣬲֣֮ѧԺ赼ʦҲͬôġܳҶʱ˵
ǡҶ㻹еԥ
ҪˣǷģԺ󣬴ӴԺΨΥ𣡡
˾ȻͬʱģҶΣȷʵʶһ⣬ûǿӲĺ̨ŷչȥ
ǡҶˣһͷߣԼҲһŵӣλԽŵӣǸӴѧԺȣʵǲֵһᡣ
ô˵ˣԺ󣬲еʦǽһСȦӣΪȦӵ쵼ߣ㿴ôܳϾ˼ȽϻԾ
ǾͿεıһѧԺֻҪ˵жǣٵĲһˣˡʾ޳ɡ
ҶҲ˵ͷ齨һȻǺã˼ҶĿһ׷ûȨ֮ġ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫԥˣ֪һģǲֻҪǵĹǾУʱһȦӣԺлչԺǿˣǿԸĵӿ⡣Ҷԥӣңʱ˵
û˵ĵ֮Увÿڣ˵Ǻ涼洫֧֣Ҫþǰ洫һЩģŵиʤСǶںĵ棬Ѱҿɽ˵
˵ЩҶ㶼֪ѧԺŵнСͱղٻǣʮ˽һ𣬾Щ䵥ĵӡ
ںĵӣҶֻ˵һЩϾҶѧԺǺܾãҲǴһЩ֪
Ȼǻ˵ϣҲǾͳһСÿڣһ𹲽ˣ
ҶҲǺƣһֱҶ㶼Լһֱûлᣬһûᣬ齨ԼԺԺҲܸõ
ҶӦ˸˵ĲҪǣ˿ڣƶ˷ܵĺС
Ҷ㣬ȻˣΪ³ÿ֣Ժ˵ȥҲ档Ȼֻˣ˶Ǽ߰һ죬Щһһɳ죬쳹ѧԺ
˵꣬˶Ҷ㿴˹ȥҶ³ÿڽʲô
Ҷ˼һ£һǣչҪҲǡ
ǾͽоˣÿԱǰſǡ
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һͼҵ˭Ҳ벻ƬƧɽɣ˽Ǻ䶯½Ǻ󻰡
ܼ򵥣һ滮ԸѰӻҪһķãά־˵תĿǰûԸˡ
̳ƣǽȥָܻܿ
ҶԼĴָó̳ƣϴͻ쾳Ҷһٶ̳ƣʣ޼ˣͻ쾳Ƽûʲô̫ã˵ͱ
ôԣǾһóôĶǷãǲաܳ¡
ǲҪڽˣЩҵȽǵģʵ֮ڻҾˣȻָҪȡͻ쾳
˶˰벽쾳ֻһܽ죬Ψһȱٵľ鵤һγȥȡٹ׵㣬׼ȥ鵤չͻ쾳
໥һۣԥƿʼȣע뵽֮ϣղŻɼǵ˿ڣۿɼٶȼٻָ
ˣ
ܵʼ˺Ƶ֮󣬾ȻҪͻ쾳ղһɱһ֮УֱҶ£˴󱯴ϲԴ򿪣κִţ˳ͻ쾳
һͻ쾳ҶҲû뵽ϳЦݣͻ쾳֮󣬶Լ˵϶һ
æϥ£ܵʼγһΣд˽ȥҶͻ쾳ȣֱ֮


93 ŵ
Ҷȫû뵽̳ƾȻ˽쾳ʵ֮һŵӣʱҲ໥չˣһ
˲ݽߣͻ쾳Ҫ֧֣ϱȱ鵤ɿݣϳʹ֮ɫ
һӣҶгִ鵤֮Һһ֮У翪ʼȹ
ͻʱ䲻ǺܾãһʱңҶһö鵤Ҳֵãĸ
˫Ŀϳ˷֮ɫ໥һۣȫָһ˳ֱһ֮
Ҷ㣬ְһΡ˿Цһ£ͻ쾳ǲż֪һʵķԾ
ˣлĻͲҪ˵ˣȻǶͻ쾳ǻȥɣһŵӡҶ˵
һ˺ܿ쳯ѧԺȥ
Ժ֮УһڳһʮߣԼұۣϱŤ
ʦ֣һҪôΪ˻ʦû뵽һӲӣǵĺ²˵һ첲ٻһѱһĿߡ
Էʲôˣ˼һ𣬾һĵӣҲôס
лʦֵɫĵӷΣǰǱˣֱ۶жɫǺܺÿ
Էһŵӣ쾳ƻûȥǼǣʵǿ˼һҲĶ֣ҽʦֵͷóˣǶԷȻˣ˵ʦ֡ʦ֡ٻͻȻ˵ˡ
˵ʲôˣʦһȡ
Ҳ˵»ʦٻһ˿սս˵
˵Ϳ˵ʦֵȵòͷˡ
ǣʦ֣
˵ʦʲôˣһ
ٻƳһʦ֣ӣתȻҪʦˮǱ
дС˭Ҫɱ
Ȼٻһ걩ŭ
ʦ֣ҪΪǱ𰡣
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ʦһŭȣæᣬĬĬվһԡ
ȥҲˣСӵ˭ҵˡʦ¶׹⣬Ըһ
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˿Ѿˣ뿪ԺȥǴҶϢȥˡ
Ҷ˻Ѱʱʱ䣬صѧԺһȥãԼΪŵӣڶóγȥ񣬻ȡ׵㣬ԻȡԼҪĶ
ŵӺܼ򵥣ֻҪ̽һЩǷ쾳ԵķʩչĳȾʵߵ͡
һϳֱһӣһâ˳ȥңеȣȻԺ֮ӣǵԺֻŵΡ
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ңֱһ趯ʮƮݣңҪһɣϾһ֮Уңڵڶ
ֵܿ壬Ҳɸ֮䣬ʵǺܶ࣬žǿܳâȻﵽ֮ԶҪǻҪһɳ
Ҷһϳ˶Ҷ㿴˹ȥ֪ҶʵǿҪǿ󵽺ֵز
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Сӻǹ̥ô˴ʩչôӵ󡣡ܳЦһҶĲѾԽԽˡ
ΪͻƵ쾳֮˫С٣ǿҶȣݺݵĴһѣҲΪҶˡ
˶Χ˹ҪҶ㵽쵽ԶزԻٶȥǰ޹ˡ
ҪӴ֧֣㣬ֻܾٶȣȥԶľ롣
ҶǻһߣҶ˻ҪѧԺ㣬ҪһֶΣÿһ£ԺҪԼҲҪ
ܼ򵥣ҶҪԺվȽŸҪţ˵һЩˣһЩС֮ԺԶ㣬ҶҲɵܽԼϵ׶ɱһ档
â죬쵽ʮңѷ̾һЩ˲ʶҶˣȫİЩ˴ӺðģȻܼʮԶֻиÿڼʦֲɡ
ʶСӣһѧԺ˵ĵһ񻹵ϵʦ˵ɱħʬ˿˹ϣһٳ
Ѿ֪ҶϾǼֵͦΪѧԺͷƺҶˡ
һɽ֮ϣɫ࣬ղѾյϢҶصѧԺ˸ɱǰվ꣬ʮֹ
ҲҪСӣһξѵĻᣬ֪ô𣿡ǰˣҧгݵ˵
ףİɵʦһСӺϣôһظ˵
ɴ⣬Сսʤħޣʵһ㣬Ȼ쾳۷壬ǸСҲʡ͵ĵȣһʧһ
ΪεʦֱҺĵӶԸе㲻
ĿŵҺĵӶԸȥаҲûκɣȥɣֻҪһӴ֮ҲҴӦǵһ쵽һ֣뿪
Ҷ㽫âʮҵʱ򣬲ȥ񳯿˳Ͽ˹ȥֻԭء
ϣҿ˹𣿡Ҷʵ
ʱϲŴлع
ˣˣȫϸŵƣסĶָʾҵԼĶóһŵƣм·һЩŵԴԼһŵͼ
лϣ
Ҷʮֿڶ𾪵ҶЦһʱ򹦵ҲʼȥĵӶˣ㻻ȡһЩԴ׼չ
˵ûУõļӳȥɱ˼ͷħһܻȡĹ׵˰ɡһЩת˻⣬ӽæ˹ȥ
֪һʦ֣쾳Ȼɱħ˵õ٣ҪЩÿڴʦֻҪǿ󡣡һ˵
ҶûЩǳȡ׵Ĺ̨˹ȥ


94 ʮ
ղŽһȺվڻȡ׵Ĺ̨ҶҲżȻڻɱһͷħȻܻȡһ׵㡣
ܴ
ʦ־Ȼ׵㣬һµʱˣǿʱ䰡ܴά
ʦֽʱҶע⵽ˣʵܲͣ쾳۷壬֮з·ݷһͷޣ¡
˹׵㣬Ҳûż뿪ڹһЩ̸˳㿴һЩʲôõ񣬻ܳȥ׬ȡĹ׵㡣
ֵܿҶ㼸ˣһȡǻ壬ǧ׵㣬һܲˡ
˳˿ܳ˰ǧ׵㣬ǧǧȣֵܿҶ㡣
ǵ񣡡Ҷ㽫˺µȥ
ȡ׵߿һۣ˵ͷ
ɱѪħһʮͷҶ㽫ָóʮѪħ֤ɱʮͷѪħ
һֳɼܲˡ
Ȼһõ˺üǧĹ׵㣬߲ûô˵ҶɱʮͷѪħ߷оȣѪħսɱѪħͨ
ͨ񣬻û̫ΣգѪħսĹ׵㡣
һдѪħܷȡĹ׵㡣ˣҶ㿪ʼԼЩѪħ
ȻԣֻҪУԻȡ׵㡣߲˼˵
ǶѪħһ£һܻȡٹ׵㣡Ҷóһöָ˹̨ϡ
ָʶɨ˽ȥƽʱϳ֮ɫ
ȷⶼɱѪħߵе󣬺е㼱٣űѪħмͷǿħԴħʤħ
Щ̸ĵ߷߿˹Ҫʲô飬ôЩ꣬ûõĳϳִʧɫı顣
ȷЩɱģҶҲûѪħ˵õôǻȡ׵㣬Ҷ֪зĵǲóЩѪħһЩƷ
Եһ£Ϊһ֪Լղеʧ̬æ𾪵ı飬ʼѪħ
һʱҶڵȴҪ뿪ĵӶͣжѪħҪһʱ

ֽͷϵ亹Ĩһ
ˣõȣ߿ҶĿѾ˱仯
վҶһ˸ȲҪ֪
ħһһħһǧħ߱һ֡
˻
ôһڵ߱־ˣ˵ղʮ׵㣬ô𾪲ѣڸҶȣֱǾţһë
Ҷ˵ͷʵҲ̫С
һöħܻȡʮ׵㣬һͷħܻٹ׵㣬һǧʮ׵㣬һͷħֵһ׵㣬һһһʮ׵㡣
˵һԼŵֱ֣ѧԺʷļ¼
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С˭ôɱôѪħ
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֪ӺһŵӣһŵôɱôѪħ˲š
ǼʲôˣǲǿɱѪħָˣСӼ˰ɡ˭ҲţҶڶ̶̰ʱ䣬ɱôѪħ
ղŻ̸ΣôǿɱħڽһߣҶΧ˹
̸ۣܵҶ޶á
ߴӹ̨óһöӨ͸ƣҶС
ӡöƽˣƶʧ˵õҲ޷ȡκζ
ʮأӡ֮󣬱ȻõҲ޷ȡκζȻѧԺˣ໥͵ȡƣԺ˴˵Ĺ׵㡣
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ѾŹ׵㡣
һ޴ӣһķͷķ򳯹õĴţͿߴһӣһĨ⻪ӷ˳Ҷ档
Ҷʶһоʲôϸһһ֣ʮٵĹ׵㡣
Ĺ׵㣬ʮȫö棬ҪѧԺԻȡκζ
ӹƣҶһлܿһ뿪ȡ鵤ķȥЩԭصĵӡ
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ȡ鵤ҲǵһҶÿһ飬ˡ
ԵȣΪӴҪһЩ
߽ӹƣ˫ֽһֵӡǣҶ͸оֳ˱仯ղŻʮ٣ܿ˶ʮ򣬻Ϊһ⣬ûߺ档
ӷһ⣬â˸Ŵһȱڴ鵤߲ǽӡЩ鵤ȫս׼õĴָ档
ʮ鵤һյʱ䣬װָ
ʱѾ޷ݴҵıˣŴͣ޷顣
ʮ򰡣һӿ¶޷ȡô鵤һ쳤̾
ˣ㵽˺ĵӣȻܻȡԴһӱһۡ
Ҷ㻻ȡһ似һַĽ쾳ʹõĶҶҪҲҪץʱ䣬ɱĵȼ
ҶʧַѧԺǲ٣ʺҶ㣬ΪЩַֻܽزҪȡµַܳԿ
֮£Ҷֻ뿪ãֻܳȥѰˡ
УҶһ뿪˹ãȥǶŵӣҲסԺӵԼһ
Ҷ뿪ղŽ빦õ˲ʧĵĸҶ档
Ҷ㣬ôе̫ߵˣѾ˵죬ԺǶ̫ƽˡܳе㵣ģ֮ҶֹܴѧԺκһ
İɣôҲеģЩǲͳͳÿһ򾡡ҶҪŵдԼţԺһЩ
Ҷ㣬Ǳ˶ˣɽܳͻȻҶ˵
ǲÿɱһӰ١ҶЦһ֪˸ţһֹһˣƶǳ϶ʮ鵤ġ


95 
Ҷ˰յͼָʾµĶȥȴŲˣһЩ˲⣬ȡʮ鵤Ѿ˵ˡ
ʱ
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Сӣ鵤ǸӣҪҲý衣һŭ
ҶһװͿǲˣҪǲǣǾʹǿˡ
ӣԺ󻹻кܶԼ赤ҩģҶ
֮ڴǰʧȻǴɽҶŭ
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ʣһʦһоͱԷס׷ͳ
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꣡
ûˣҶһ󣬷һղųֵյȭͷ顣
첲Ҷ飬ûһǻָˣǺԺҲܴﵽǿʢ״̬ѧԺ׼ͬŲɱû˵ûд裬ֻҪɱԷû£Ҷĺ
һӣϵӳԶϵĴָҶʶǿĨȥԷӡڵϵ³һѪʶӡǱĨȥҲܵ˺
ĨȥӡǣҶʶɨָ
˵˵ʲôãǽָкܶ鵤ҽ裬ͷһЩʶʱġ
Ҷһ˲ôѪ
СʦֵĽָǽ͵ʲôʱҲû
ʣ˷Ҷʵô򵥣ʦ˵ʵǿһȻ߲һУ˿ڵ
ǣƾʲôҲȱһЩ鵤ǵ鵤ͽҰɣҶϷʵ
һϣ˻Ըһ𡣡ʣµһ
˶óҶ㹥һʹǳһʹһ˫׷깳һ־ǿɱС
ಡ
Ҷ˹ǳҵķȭ
ķѣʬʯ٣
ҶС
顣
ȭ˵ţڴĿѪڰգŶҶȭͷȥ߹ȫϣſڵϴڵѪ
ԶߵЩӣҿԼûͷ񣬲ȻڵϵľԼˣʦ֣㿴Ҷﵽʲôزû뿪ҲȺ棬ÿһĻһʵ
ǿһƽ֣ʵĻһҲǶ֣սʤҲǲʤѾ쾳ķΧ侳ڵˮƽҲ֪Сôģôܹôͨ쾳ͳűˣ߰ɣ˴ȡҲһȻڹôĻȡҩһҲбԼʵɱһӰ١ԺҲȥҴעˡ˵뿪
Ҷ㳯ʧķһۣЦ
ܵĵͦ죡ҶΪҲû٣û뵽ֲԣˡ
ӣ˵Ľָȫߣ飬Ӧòҵҩע˰ɣ֮ǰȵõԼˮƽ
˵˭ģҶŲΪ鵤һŲһϣȡ
Сӣ㲻ҪһǱġסӷݶ
˵ǰɣͳתζҶһ˿ȻҪҪóףһﾲĿһУҲԡ

귢һĲҽϵĽһŤҶǿת
˵˵˭ġһεŵӣһͨˡ
ǡϵʦӳܲסˣǵѪžʹĳ֡
Ҷһ˿ɱǲģԼʵˣһᱻǺݺ裬ˣпһزµأЩҶеɱŨ
ŵʲôôȻӦԸҡҶҪ֪
³֮󣬴Ӧʸʮ졣סܲסҶıȣǰǰ˵ˡ
ԭҵˣֻҪҶ㣬Ҷһزµأŵó׵ǽ
ҸƲҶҧгݡ
ҹҶһŽɽҲ⣬ҶһŸ߷ˡ
Ҷ㣬ȥҺεʦ棬ѹԺǣƾͻһЩܳҶ˵
ˣԼᴦȻҪģҾ棬¹˭֡Ҷ۽һĨŨɱ
侳Ķ֡ǻϣͨѧԺ
˵ˣд㣬Ȼȥһչһʱ䣬Ҳһ¾硣ԼĳҶҪȥ֮֡
Ҳ˵ʲôֻĬĬĳȥ
յͼָʾҶ㻨һյʱ䣬ҵԼĶ
ƿʯţͦңһԼϢһһרʮŨҪŵӴöˣЩѧԺһ
Һܼ򵥣һŴһӣķֻмţܴŨ
һƵҩķ䣬ڷһ󶦣Ϊ֮ãҶڶûʲôȤ
Ϣһ죬ҾѰԼ֮
ﵽ쾳֮󣬺ѳļѹɱ㲻ȼǳĸߣһҶ˻ѽѡ
˵Ĵָ˳Ҷ㿪ʼ㡣
˵ĲƸҲǷǳķ񣬵ǸҶڱȣǿ϶ٵĿвٵҩ˵鵤һҲ򣬻вϡ
û뵽ԼȻܷ٣ϣԺһЩͲóҩˡҶ¶аЦʲôʱʼôаˡҶЦݡ


96 ճ
Ϣ֮Ҷ㽫糹׹ȥѰַ
ƿʯţҶ˳Ȼ䣬һöͨѶˣǿܳġ
ʱһϢҶ꺣棬ܳ
ҶҲݳȥһԷܿյϢһʱ䣬һܿҶ㶴ǰ󻹸ʮӣǸҶһԺЩˡ
Ҷ㣬ǵ֪ǳ˾ˣҪһ룬ϾǴһԺġ
ԭܳҶ˵˵ȥˣǺԥѡ룬Ҷǰ칦õ飬ǸţҶ棬һԿ
Ҷ㶴һʮ˼򵥵һ滮ʱɿܳ˴죬չ׳֮Щ˶еĹǸɣ̫٣Ҳʲô飬ֻܼԺҶʵǿڽ󣬵ʱת
Ҷ㣬и飬ȻˣǾҪ˵ƶ£Ժ󲻹ʲô鶼Ҫ׼
ܳЩʲô뷨üѳ˵ǰ档
İɣԸҶʦֵĺ档
Щ˺ףͬ˵
ǺãԺ󲻹ʲô໥иӦڳȥʱ򣬲Ҫһ˵жһ飬ͱεΣգ˴ڷչ׶Σվɣȵ׳ʱ䡣
ܳԾĿʼ˵Ρ
һһʱʱ䣬Ҳɢȥ
Ҷ㣬ôģ֮󣬹Ʋưոݡ
ܳû뿪
ҴȥһˣҪһʱܻʱСһ㣬Ҫ£ԵңûֱӹϵǡҶȥһˡ
Ҫȥͬʱʵ
ճǣ
ѧԺȻפںɽǷԲǧﲢֻѧԺһңܻвٴǣճǾһޱȾ޴󣬾ѧԺһ·̡
ʱҶ;ճǣʱֻǹɣδһÿȥϣҵйĶ
Сһ㣬ǾͲˡ
˵꣬վӣ뿪Ҷ㶴
һУҶ뿪ɽȥ׼ǰճǡ
Ҷʦ֣Ҫȥ
Ҷ뿪ѧԺãһ꣬ʮֿĳҶʵ
ǣ
Ҷ㲢ʶ꣬ԷҲɫŵӡ
ҽлȽŵӣûעңǰڹõҿǿ
꿴Ҷ֮ʮֿ
ԭǻʦܣҪǰճһˡ
Էûʲô⣬ҶʾѺá
Ŷÿ˳·ҲȥճǣÿԴ顣лȽʮָˡ
ҶҲþܾһɽȥ
Ҷʦ֣δʦǼŶ֪ˣǲưոݣյϢʦҲҪ㣬˺üδ̽Ϣ
ȻеҶ㽻õ˼
Ŷ˭
Ҷ֪ǴðģҶȫ֪
ҶʦĲ֪
Ҷһɻƺе㲻ţԭֻἰѣȴû뵽Ҷ㲢֪顣
Ҷҡҡͷȷʵ֪
Ȼʦֲ֪Ҹ㣬Ҳ׼Ƚŵ˺ܶࡣ
ʦ˵
ΪҶʵȻҪȻȽ߳ܶ࣬ȻΪʦ֡
Ժһĵӣ˲ŵӣרųȥһЩ䵥ӣʮְԵЩŵȻ֪ûкĵɽһֻ۱һֻۣһ˵¼ŵӱ˻ˣնұۣԴŭҪδЩŵӵ֡Ƚ
ô֪ң
Ҷܿˣ¿ܳǵʱնٻһֱۣԭվһĵӡ
ΪҲʹң̽Ϣֻǲ²⣬ǲҶʦնǵֱۡ
ȽѾҶ֮еõ˴𰸣װͿʵ
㲻ò²ˣնǵֱۣ
Ҷ㿴Ƚӣûзϣֱӳϣ綼Ҫ˽ᣬȻٻҵԣĻ֣ҶֻĲ·鲻ôưոݡ
ҶֱӳϣȽҲû뵽ԭΪҶϣ֪ҶǸ
ʦҲõģĵһ㲻׶ŵӶ֣㣬ȫӣҲκβ㡣
Ǻǣ
ҶЦûлشҶԸ۲ܶԷƣô֮ȽҲһƬ⣬Ҷ޷ȥ粵ʲô
ʦ֣ҲΪճμİɣȽܿת˻⡣
᣿
ҶһãȻ֪γȫԼҪĶȻã򲻵Ҷ͵һˡ
ѵʦֲ֪Ƚеˡ
ҶЦȷʵ֪ʲôᡣ
ҶҲѣȽ˵ÿ£ճǶһļᣬ߻óһЩ໥ҲóȥȡԼõĶļżʡ
ĺ¡Ҷһ˵
һЩ߲֪ĶԼòϣֲ֪ǲǱŻǼߣֻóȥϣһüǮҲЩǷƷȥҲҶʦֿҪСˣҪϵȽһ䡣
лˣ
ҶȻޱȣǷȱҪϵܳɳ
֪һʱȥˣ˺ܿ쿴ǰһ޴ǳأճˣҪȻƳǲ֪˶ٱҪǨǶʮ
뽻ʮʯ
ûǣҶ˾ͱسǵĻˡ
Ҷһ㶣һ˵ǻҪǷѡ
Ҷʦ֣ǹأճΪ˱֤ҵİȫأֻҪǷѣڳﲻ׼£׼򶷣໥󡣡ȽΪҶ͡
Ӵָóʮöʯӵس˽ճ֮ķҶȫѧԺӷ١
ߴУҲӣֵߺڴϳ֡
ҶʦҪȥỹ顣ȽҶʵ
ҴȥᡣҶҪȥῴܲԵõĶ
Ǻãȥֳһб飬ʱϵ
ȽȻǲμӼᣬҶ쵽ֳ뿪ˡ
ǰɽ˺Ҷ·һˮ뵽˴֮Уճרһ޴ֵǷ໥һЩ̯λһЩ˽ҪĶó
Ҷܿ뵽ȺУʮϡ棬̯ܶλڷŴĶв֡
һЩ֪дȱ似ϡŹֵĲƱһЩȫķ
Ҷ㿴ۻңм˾ۼһöģҲǰģһ
ҶҲżһ̯λȥϣҵõĶղŻȽ˵ﲻһǷƷǰԵһɼȻƣ޴󣬵ʱһ䶯


97 
ȺУҶ󿴿ֿʮ档
λӣɿʲôˣұ˵㡣
Ҷͣһ̯λǰ̯һʮҵӣһӣʵȻǵ侳
Ҷɨһۣ̯λϰڷźöƿӻһЩƹӣƾɵľἸų飬ȥҲǷƷ
ôģ
Ҷһƾɵľᣬʵ
ҴһƫƧĶҵģҪҪĻһǧʯ㡣
Ƴһ۾ᣬһ֡
ҶݺݱһۣƾᣬʮʯƶûҪȻҪһǧʯ
Ҷ㿴ʱиУҪȲָоֻһҶҲֻʡ
ʮʯԸ⣬Ҿˡ
Ҷһ£ʮʯļ۸
λӣɱҲ̫ˣһϹµĶ̻һЩģǶ޷ʶ𣬲һǧʯļ۸ѾǳˣҪʯǾͳɽʮΪѡ
һʯһ㶼ûˡ
Ҷ˵վӣ뿪
ҶҪ뿪ƺеסˣæҶס
λӣ㿴ҰҲдʱˣһûȥڸҼӵ㣬Դһ
ϣҶڼӵʯ̯λһá
Ҷ㰵Ը̣̯λϵĶȫһҲֵһʯҲ֪ﻮһãÿһۣ׵һһ
һʯһ鶼ûУǾͳɽ
ҶڼʮȻҶ㲻ںʯҲԩͷ
ҶѾ뿪ƣһҶˣѵĵ˵ͷ
ãһʮʯɽ
ȻװΪѵӣ۽ǻ˸Ŀ⣬һɽ߼ˣȥһʯҲǰ׬ġ
ҳһǧʯҪˡ
Ҷóʯʱһ
ڽ׵Ҷ㣬󺺳Ҷȥվһ꣬󻹸źüࡣ
λӣ㿴Ѿλˡ
ʮΪѣҶʸ߹һǴӣ󺺲ҵ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ǲǻûгɽһǧʯ۸ߵãԸһǧʯֻҪԸ⣬Щʯġ
˵꣬һóһǧʯֻҪͬ⣬ʯˡ
ʯ˫ð⣬Ҷһʮʯ˺ö౶ѾӦҶ㣬Ҷ
󺺳Ҷ㿴˹ȥҶȫǸղŵ̸һʮʯ̯λϣӽָУûκιϵһ
ҶĶһ˿Ũɱ
һεı飬ҵҶѧԺķΣҲȥΨһİ취ǳĬ
Сӣղûǹ˵Ǽҹӿˣó
վһʮҵĻҶŭȡ
ȿϵģҼǮѾ̸꣬ˡҲܴӦ
ȻԷ¶࣬Ҷ㻹ǰڳһ͵ӣԸ¡
Ҷʮֵ͵˲ָҶıӡ
СӣҪ㽫óʮš
ҶҪŭסҶ¶Цݡ
Ȼ㻨һʮʯᣬȻһǧʯֻҪϽңЩʯˡʮƽȻڸǲеһĨ

Ҷشĺܸɴ࣬˵Ҫ뿪
ȻҶĻشððһɱ
Сӣ֪ڸ˭˵ҪΪѧԺĵӣǾͲôǹҪɱ㣬ѧԺ޷档
¶ɱԭǹҵˡ
߷ѾܲˣĿ⳯߿˹¶֮󣬴һ̾
ԭǹҵˣҵʵվƺҪĴʵ룬ڴѧԺڵһȣƱʵԼҲѧԺѸѵҲγĸ𣿡һЩƺ֪ҵ
ҶҲжţҲǴǧңʮۺر꣬沢˺öСͼ壬һЩɶ޷ҵʵ
ʶ꣬ǹμĴӣӷɣڶŮ֮УʵΣܹӣһôҲճˡϳ
ǻ֪ɣӷϲռϹµĶʲôþᣬһЩƿƹӣϲղأ֪ôˡ˵
̸ܸۣԾĴҶüͷһ壬Ҷ£ֻǲԸ°ˡ
Сӣٸһλᣬύ
ĻЩʮּɵҵʵͱˡ
ѾˣǷǵҪҲǲԣǳǮԷţҶһ˿ŭ⡣
˵ֻҪҳܷΧ֮ڣҶӦ㡣
Ҷ˿ڷ磬ŵ̬
һʯֻҪˣҶ㱬һ֡
˻
ܴһرҶ̯Ǳ̼ԸӣҶ㻹ʨӴ󿪿ڣȻҪһʯЩʯǰɼ򵽡
ˣҡ
ӷɺȻ֪ҶˣһʯǹӴҲһεôӴ
ȻǮÿ
Ҷ˵Ҫ뿪ճǽֹ򶷣ҶҲǳ֡
СӣҼסˣ
˵꣬ת뿪űɱŭҶ㡣
뿪ֵܿ˶ɢˣȻ̸۸ղ飬ΪҶȫԽȥһʮʯģת־׬˰˰ʯֶΪ
ҶҲ뿪ȺĵطȥȥѰõĶʵҶȫƾǸоֻɲǼһ£ΪʲôҶҲ˵ס
һҶûٳ֣ȷʵûĶĺöǲóġ
ĺҪʼˣǿȥɣϾһһΣԴ
ܲ˶ɢȥһ磬ûж˼
뿪Ҷסһꡣ
λ̨ĺʲô˼Ҷе㲻⡣
ҶѧԺĵӣʮֿ
̨֪ĺÿһ궼ճǾһδᣬһСᣬǵһ֮ĩдｫóʽ۳ȥΪҶܡ
顣Ҷе㾪ȡ
̨ûĶҽȥĺȥԣֻҪдԴ򲻵ı˵뿪ˡ
ߣȥĺ󣡡
ߴ˳ֵһӿȥҶ˳˲ʧӰⲻ֪м˵ں棬ǸղŹӷ


98 ĺ
һյ֮
Ҷ㿴һΡĽڽֵм䣬磬͸ϣĺĸֵڸ¥֮ϣϾǴĸɢ
ǿƣɢƵĸֵʵ۷ǿߡ
Ҷ㰵ľĺĲ򵥡
Ĳ㣬ĸڣ˸ڣÿһڶ飬ҵһȽٵڣҶվڶм䡣
뽻һʯ
ֵܿҶ㣬ҪȻҪȡһʯ
ǰ˶óʯҶҲһ٣쵽һơ
ĺƣҲм˰ɣһһ٣Ǽʯˡ
дԴԴϵӿ
γɣҶҲ˵һЩӼ涼нܣĺǱȽϳɹһң鲼ݡ
ֻҪбίĺڳȡӶ𣬼ϴŷãĺÿһζ׬
ûίУĺҲռֶʽȥ׬ȡۡ
˭Ҳ֪ĺճǽ֮ĺͳˣǧ֮á
Żǰһͨͨ˴ͨ¥ϣҲ¥£һĲ㣬мգһ޴̨ĵشƣ˼м̨û򳡴
Ҷеĺָʾ¥˳̨ף¥ȥ
һĿռ󣬵ĲСΪĲܶطһСͰռݣԶʯһ䣬Ȼͬ
ûʯҲԤ䣬ΪܶѽǰԤˡ
ҵԼλҶȥȻд˳ӿ룬ֻܹرմţЩεı֮⡣
Ȼдӿ룬йȻռܶ˶ǱſֵģЩײһĳ˷Լ񵽱ˡ
Ǹϳ˷֮ɫϣܴ򵽺Լıкܶ¶Σɬ
Ҷϵʮ򶨣ʯҲмʮ鵤Ҳнӽʮһ鵤ܻʮʯʯ鵤Ĳ࣬ʯϾȽͨ滹ʣ鵤Ũɣһҩۺʮʯ޼
ݣ󲿷ͨĻһʯ鵤ҲóԼá
һѾ˽룬ʮ䣬
үǸСҲڵĲ㣡
һ֮ڣһӣһ˵뿪õĹӷɡ
עĶֻҪһ뿪ճǣ㣡
һ֣վ󣬿ټء
˲һʱ䣬м޴ĸ̨ʮӰ֮УߣŮ˵мŮǾŮϱһɴڵסˣģ롣
ӵŮֵһ̣¶˻񣬺ȻҶŮİֻûпòѡ
Ȼס˴òһԴ۾Ҷü©棬߸ߵıɴ֧סˣ׵ļ͸ŵĺΣǰƤļ
һ¶ˣǲУ
ղŻʮΣΪ޷ԼҪĶǿŮ֮󣬶¶˷֮ɫЩŮӣһʡ
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˴ǿǽĺһ˻ųһνǿп侳ĴڣȻ֪ĺԲһ㣬ĴκһңֻĺȽϵ⡣
Ǽ֮󣬲ʵˣкܶԴԴţϣĿúݡ
̨˭
ۣҶʮֺ棬ʵ
ֵܣһճǰɣ˭֪
ӱһҶ㣬ǵҶһͷߡ
ȷʵһճǡҶ˵
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¶һЦƽʱǽƵĶˡ
Ҷˣֻ˽һЩµӾȻôԶҶûУ̸Ѱ۷壬գɽ硣
Լеջı顣
²ĺϰ壬ٳ֣ϴγֻ֮ǰʱһʮߵŮû뵽ˣøͤͤҲñǰˡ
仰֮ת˻ҶԲˡ
صҶ㻹֪ˣĺĻϰ壬ǱͷǳĲһ㣬Ůôһҵҿʵƺͣһ򵥡
ӭĺһһȵĴᣬ´ӭҵĵϣǶ򵽳ĺöһǺóĶһҪǲС
˵ˣչȻ𿣬͸·ܴ͸񷣬ŵÿһַ·һ֣С

Ҷ㰵ľ¸ղһҶҲУҺԼ־ǿ󣬼곬ˣûݽȥ
Ҷ㳯ܿȥ߸ղǶʳӣһЦطҲòȥֻдﵽ侳۷Щ˻ܺõ㣬Ҳǳֻ֮ɫ
һֵĶܷƴܲٿ꣬رʺŮգǾ֣ҲԵֵڶݵʱҲʧȥʶ
½û磬ֻӰһЩʵȽϵ͵ˣʵǿֻ֮ܶݵӰһ£ָܿ
ܴҵµһˡ
ҾͲҵʱˣϣ˳
̨¸ŮһʧֻȻڸ̨ϡ
ʧ¶ʧ֮ɫֻ񣬿̨ϾҪʼˡ
ĺ󽫻óʮĶа似ϡԴҩϹĲȱϣľˡ
м߻˵
ͻȻüžղźµĲѾǣΪѾʼˣһ֣ڰվһŮһôӣú첼ϣ֪ڷŵʲô
Ҷ۾񣬶Ҫ֪һóĻʲôÿһǳᣬĺóһЩıͲ֪óʲô
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Ȼдĳɷ֣˲ˡ
Խ쾳սȭ׼ǧʯÿμӼ۲õһǧʯڿԾˡ
߽첼ƿ¶һ¾ɵ鼮


99 ڻ굤
֮󣬴¶֮ɫϣⱾ似
ҶɫƽȻɼ似Ҳ޷Ҷ㶯ģӵ似߱ʽһڹ̬ơ
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ڵұߣ˱۸񣬼һǧʯ
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ĲҶ㲻Զһּһǧʯ
ʯԼٶҶ㿴ǰ࣬֪ԼǶôȻмʮʯʮ鵤Ȼһˡ
ܿǧʯڲ󶨸һʯڳѾⱾ似ļֵûбҪˣ󱻵һʮӵõ
ֺ˳һȱ似һʯ˿ʼԤ㣬ʮ⣬һ֣߳һŮһɢơ
һ뷨ֻҪϴĥķָտɴҪδʦĽ׼ǧʯÿμӼۻǲһǧʯ
߳һɹδӳϱ©
һļ۸ʮ򵽶ʮʯ֮䣬ǰ뷨ڵĹӡ࣬ļֵʯ֮䣬Ҳ൱ǧ鵤ҡ
ļ۸ǳˣԼȥƣҪʱ䣬Ҫռϣʱ󳬳ֱֵӹһѣбףȻˣ׶˾ǸԼ϶ȷǳĵ͡
˷ܴСƵʱ򣬼ߵľѪܸͨȥʹǵӦ֡
ǹģȻ뷨һƬհף뾫ѪǻиңϾԼƣǴСܳ⣬ʹԺչԼǮȽϱˣҲԼƣûĿռ䡣
ʵ֮Укܶ޷ռвϣֻܼһʵıһ֣¶ȵĿ⡣
ǧĵ׼ʮ֮䣬ͱһʯڲ뷨ʮܻӭ
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似Ҷ㲻Ҫ˵Ҷʹõɱʺ
мϢһյʱ䣬һ֣һŮһûк첼ϣһɫڼף⡣
ףôɽƬɣǵ侳ȫһҲ޷״򴩣ǵ侳һܻ侳һԷı
߽Ǻܴ󣬲Ժܺá
Ҷ㶼еĶǿȻǵ侳һҲֻܺ룬ûй
׼ǧʯʯߣܿļƷȻһЩȻȽ֣ɻ޷ҶȤҼʮ˸ղһ֮⣬Ҳûжѵڵȡ
һȥõһȥʯתۼȥʮҶȻֳĬڳ˼˱֮⣬󲿷ֶǳĬϾֻʮƷ
ΪҳֵĶһȤϣҵںˣƷӣûʲô˵˶١
֪һǿ󣬲ҪϴҲһȱһɣͨһЩеҩֲǿ޷ֲ¾޷ǽҿԸǣȱݽص
ߵһ˵ߵĿȥˡ
Ҷʮ֮ͬǿħű书бʣ˾ħǿһͿǳʯѴﵽ侳۷塣
꣬ΪҶں꣬Ҫһǿ٣˻ʯҲˣԽǿ󣬽ĿռҲ㣬ıҶһ᲻ϧһҲҪõ
Ѿ˴˽֪ʲôƷııδ˵ʲôġ
һ¶ȵı飬еȲ߲ӣ첼һöɫĵҩɢŨ˲
ʲôҩôŨҸоҵʶޱ
˴һ󾪺
ҶҲܵˣŵоˬر꣬񾭹һϴ񣬱ޱ
ϵȵڻ굤̷֮ܰһȼشҶ֪ȼֱǻɫ꣬ɫ꣬ɫ꣬ɫͨųϵ˶ǻɫֻмŵǺɫģһڳɫ꣬δţҲֻ˵ѡ
߽öҩƣ˳һЩĵȼ
ҶҲǵһ˵껹ֵȼǵʼʱǻɫ˻޵Ļʯ֮󣬺Ѿ˱仯ŨɫչȻδܴﵽɫزѾҪȻɫˡ
֪ڻ굤ֳ֮ˣ˽ͷӶ̸ۣ֪ڻ굤
ڻ굤ҪɼǧѪΣоϴƳһţÿһŶޱȵĺȻôصıó
ѪβټǴﵽǧʮϡ٣ֻЩţרŵ԰пܳΪŵ԰Ӽǧǰʹڣѭǧݲʲô
ͺñѧԺ챦԰Ѿнӽ꣬ݱ鲼ֻҶ㲢δӴˡ
ڻ굤ֵǧʯÿμӼ۲õǧʯڿԼӼˣ
߿յĲˣ˵׼ۡ
һʯ
ѾȲıڻ굤꽫ǣʱ򽫻ֺô̫ˡ
һǧʯ
һԼǧܿͱһûӵʯԼٶ
Ҳʮʱ䣬ѾʯڲǵʯʱٶѾвѡ˳
𶼲ȻӼ۵ٶˣղţһμӼۺüǧһԼ˰ǧ
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洫ڰ಻סˡ
һֱȥüˣֳĬ˼
ʯ
ʱҶֱۣǧʯ


100 
Ҷ·һʯӣԭӽƽĺ棬ﵽǧʯ֮󣬱۵˺ܶ࣬Ҷһƽĺٴθ
˶Ҷ㿴˹ȥΪҶҲʮ߰꣬Ȼ½俴ҪԴһЩǳǿ׳ЩҶ㻹ԵСܶࡣ
Сӣ㲻ҪұۣòЩʯŪûᱻĺȥɥ
ҶҶ㣬ûиղһӣϣҶ֪ԼںδҪΪֺöұۡ
ллĺ⣡
Ҷ㻹Ǹм˵һ䣬ڹأڽʱǽдұۣȥпܵɱ
ݵļžּܿžͱ˴ƣԴǴӰ洫ġ
ǧʯ
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ӷɹȻûмӼۣҶʯöڻ굤
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λӣʯһǧ
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Ҷ۾һԼҪѰһ似ﾹȻˣһҪ취õ
׼ʯ
Լٶȱ˵׼ۡ
似ּͨµ似һһʯңм似ܴﵽ򲻵ȣǸ߼似ʮʯڰɼʮʯߡ
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ԥҶֱѹˣֳһ߳ĿˢˢľۼҶϡ
С㣬˵Сʲôʵߣôӵôʯ
˭Ҳ֪е㣬ֻܴ濴棬޷棬һ棬¾Ȼ棬һŮʵ
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Ҧ˫Ҳһû뵽Ļһŵӣ֮аɱⱾ似Ѱ˺þãһֱҪҵһʺԼ似
ͶɱҶ޶ãڱصá


101 Ƭ
ʮһ򣡡
Ҧ˫ҶʮĻϼһʯ
ʮ򣡡
ӷҪõⱾ似
ʮ򣡡
ʱһ˳ҪһŮӣԴҲ䡣
ճŮ÷ôҲѾ˭Ҷüͷ΢塣
ҶҲϤǵµ÷ѪħսҲһΣû뵽ҲճǣճŮ
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ˣƷһϡпʯ֪һȻٲ˽ʯҪһԼķץְɣʯȥгһСĽɫʯͷҫۣҲʯһࡣ
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ϲλӣǽʯһ͹
лˣö鵤ֵʯͬȡҶûʯˣֻó鵤
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ڵƬֵһ̣ҶеľħͻȻһ£ҪƴСĲƬȫʲôƬֻһֻƴС
ȻǲƵĵƬȻд·ʺûȥһҵʲôͻָտɴ뵽֮УǷȼǲö˵лɳΪĵߴۡ
׼ʯÿμӼ۲õһ򣡡
ˣ߱Ǯɴᡣ
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һμǰڱۣɢϯۼ٣˲ͱûʵһڵˡ
Ҷû뵽ѹϷȻһöƬҾħƺʮֿ¶̰ħڲҪҶ壬öƬʳ
ҳʮ򣡡
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102 
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ڼʧʵ֮ҶоûȫʧҲһ


107 ɱѪ
Ҷֱۻ̧𣬳ӽһһʽβͬҶеӦ֣ܶʩչ仯
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飡
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ȿȡ
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ղʩչʲô似似ԽɼžֵѪ߹Ҷʵ
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ԭҶʦ֣ѵ㲻֪𣿡ҶסӺȻ˵еɵҴ˵
֪ʲôҶ¶ɻ֮ɫ
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֪Ǳʲôطȥ𣿡Ҷʵ
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лˣ
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ǡ˵ȡ˴鵤ҪҶʦԴղ˵¶ɬ
ŭ
Ҷðһɱ˷ȻӶᣬԼĸҪԼóԴȥȡˣҶ㱩ߡ
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ҶʮһԺȥҶһȺ˼ҴҵĳԺɽȥŲٿֵˣһεѾԺܶ˶ǹֵġ
Ҷʦ֣Է˶ڣǲҵʦõʦ棬ǲһЩϣҶͨͥԺĵʦ棬Ҫ
ʦܽαҪȵڣŵӼѧԺǲģֻҪֳˡ
Ҷ֪ѧԺԲ棬ԷȻô뵽һ㡣
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Ҷʦ֣ʦǾͱץɽϣҲǽ˷ָǰ޴ɽ壬ѱ̨ɽ嶥ˡ
ȥ
һۣҶ㳯ɽ֮ȥǺܿ춨ס壬Ϊסȥ·
Сӣҵܾˣĸһν
һҶϷʮϤ
ײ֪ɱңǽ첻ǻᣬִҪ֣ݹ顣ص˭֮Ҷɢɱ


108 
ղ̨ײãҶͱסȥȥ·ǵһѧԺײӵһ濪ʼ˫γ˶棬лһۡ
Сӣ󻰲Ҫ˵̫ÿԵڶӵ棬ôҲڽŵ¡
ײѡԺԺ󣬵õ˴ԴϾ쾳룬һ㣬Ȼ쾳ڵĵزʵڽӽһµʱ˷츲صı仯
ʵȻҲıλᣬȻҶľٶ˷ǵ˻쵽һ
ȻˣҾͳȫ㣡
Ҷø£ս׼һЩڳһյأĻ᲻
Ҷ㣬֪ڹûȡ˴ԴÿԱˡ
Ҷһλȡʮ鵤Ѵȥ˶⣬׵ߣ鵤Ӷ
鵤ϣûʸ񣡡ҶЦһ
ȻˣҾԹá˵꣬ײһ䣬һȭֱֱȡҶ࣬ʮִ
ߣ
Ҷһ
ө֮Ҳԣ֪ʲô
ҶЦһûпôƶģҲһȭ޻ڣҶҲҪڵĶҪԲпķʽԷ
飡
ȭͷڿײһ𣬷һǿҵıһӰವһȻɳȥ

ҶͻȻӴ󣬱һ֮ȭͷХ
꣡
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ײûзӦ䵽˵ϣѹһƬʯ飬춼Ѫ
һĶҲ·
ҶҽŲײؿϣǵײѪһ֮ɫȫ벻һоͱҶˣˣҶ㽫ڽŵ¡
㡭ҶԴǷ̣ײһѪ
ڻʲôҪ˵㲻ҪҲڽŵ𣬻ҪӶϵԴǲǸһѵҲǸЩĴ治һʾ
һӣҶҽźݺݵײϣߵڿ׳һĻߣԶĲݴ棬ȫͷųɱѡ
ղֵܿ˲һЩҲĻ죬û٣ҶҰܣ侮ʯʱϵ鵤
ҶԴݿķʽײȻĶȺУҶղôѹòпķʽЩ˵ͷ
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ҶȻ֪ˣ֣˷ͻ˻ᣬݺݵĴԼҶҲ޴棬ϾǾ˵±ߣֽǾ£Ժηڡ
ЩȻܷǳ󲿷˶֪û뵽Ҷһ˴Ժ·ײﶼһдˣԺһ궼Ҫڴ϶ȹˡ
Զɽϣ˺ĵӵӰӣߣζЦݡ
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÷ǻһ̵Ļߣʮ˽÷
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Һõĺܸɾûв鵽ʲô˿֪ԼܵҶ֣֮ðųͷҲɱҶ㣬ΪҶѾɽ֮һֱһˡ
Ҳҵ𣿡Ҷ㻹һ䡣
ûһأʸȥȻֻܴȥվмʮְԵ
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ҶƺΪ߹˱ŭ¶һɱ
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˴˱˴ˣҶЦһ˵˫ֿں󱳣ЦĿˡ
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ǣ
ͻȻֹҶ㻹վԭأ·ʩչ˶ȭͷͣ˿УҶƾȻȭͷסˡ
⡭
վڸߴƺе㲻ţҶ㾹Ȼסܵȭͷǿнӽһ֮ôء
˵ôңҪҡŶԷʹı飬Ҷż
ȭͷסǵĹͷѷ죬Ȼ޷Ҷ
µ˳Ҷֱ۴ݳȥֱ档

ס귢һĲҽְѲҶĿơ
ܣ
ʣһȣҶ˹ǿһҪȸղһǿ󼸱ֹ
ߣҾκβ𡣡Ҷһ˿ߣֱһ̧ס˳ȥ
飡
һܲҶӹϣײһͬʱɳȥһ˻һʺ

ܴһЦ˻Ӷˡ
˴ӵɫȻôӵ棬澡ʧɱ¶
֣Ҷ⣬ԴˣҶģԷҪҶһʮȥҪ̤ϣҶ㲻϶ûС
ˢ
ͬʱ˱ѧԺУ˳ָҶ㣬ɢâһɹâ³ݱһâ
򲻹ñ𣿲Ҫ˵۸ǣһǳֿȭǴܡ
Ҷ㼥ЦһȻ䣬Щ˶ǽ˷һģûκκøС


109 Լս
˳ҶȻЦ⣬վԶʮ˳ԱҶһ亹
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ƺʧȥǣҶղһ裬澡ʧرǵôӵ棬̧ͷ
ߣڤ粻飡
ҶһɱŨ
Ҷʦ֣㲻ҪǵȦףһɱǣͻųͷ˳ԱʱҶ㣬Ҷŭ˻ɱ
Ϊƥ⣬ݺݵҪҶһΪޱȡ
Ҷ˫վԭأһ죬ֱ̧𣬳治ϷŴһʱ䣬͵Ҷǰ
Ǽʶһʲô
Ҷŭһȭͷ磬˲˳ȥ
꣡ϣ
ײҶȭͷɨڼ̹ĳȭͷˣڿһ䣬֣ȻҶһȭˡ
⡭ôܣȻܴ
ԶдĵڹۿⳡսҶչֳսľˣҶʵֻиÿŵӴʦֲܽѹˡ
ÿÿŵУԺŵӵһ˾ǶڣҶѪħսһΡ
Һûгû٣Ȼ˵һҡʮֽҡ
СӵʲôͷżѧԺһʱɣ˽˷粻˵ʦҲ¡
ҿʼ²ҶڲһʱڣҶԺǰʮĽ˷磬ִĵҪԸúܶ޷⡣
˳֮ԴֶݵĴͣ޷뵽˻δӦɰȭͷХ
飡
һʩչȭȭͷ֮ϣߵķݣԶԶ˳ȥ֪
ûٿһۣҶ㳯ɽɽȥһٶȼӿ˺ܶࡣ
˲һյʱ䣬Ҷֶס˽Ų
ǴߵĿܳˣ콫ǽԼǰˣҶŭ
ץģҽƣֻҪһأܿǼˡ
ͷӽƣʮңô仹ŵӣٽһˡ
ܺãְɣ
Ҷöһ½ǣ÷ϻ
Ҳ潻ֻ֣ҪҵĽԶУ
ƿԸҶΪУǶڽ˷Ҫ޷ܾ˷үүѧԺһʸĳϣǺĵӼ˷磬ҪͿ
룡
ҶҲɵܿƵ˼
ҾͲˣ
˵꣬ͻȻʣһһףڿһݱɽ
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ʱ䣡
ǵصĺڰ֮ɫܿռȫǣҶ뵽֮У濴ȥѾҶӰӣױ
ֱܾ仯ӷɽеƣֽȫȻͬ
ŻҶǰһһף໥ʱӺڰŻǽ꣬УҶͻһֻ⬡
ùĽ󣡡
ѧԺ棬Ҷ϶Ŀŵʹþħ߱ʽɱﵣһʹãֻȭˡ
ӳ

ȭֱŻȥǿĳɳȥ
ЩʮҡҡλֳҶһεٶȸ졣
ҶʮͷۣԺҲҪ˽һ󷨵İսʮֳԿ
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飬Ҫƽ󷨣ֻҪȥһ־ˡҶƺʶʲô
ɱ֣
һȣɱҶУӰһӰʧԭأЩȻ̿ˡ
ʱ
Ҷһ˼ĶȻ˺ɫŻ֮УӰʧһ⻪˸ɱ֮⣬ɫŻʧҶ֮⡣

гһֻΪһһɻƵĽ档
ô֪ںɫŻ棡е㲻ףǵһôƽ󷨡
һ֮У뾡һа취ƽҽŻ֮УҶҲǴɣɫŻǽʮΣա
ɶѣ
ҶҲ£ղƾȫǸоƵһ֣Ҷʶˣʱ򾳽粢˵һС
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ղ˵ȻҵĽȥˡÿһͨ
лˣҶ㱧һȭ
Ҫ㣬㴳һأǺѽǾߣԼСģƶҶоҶ˸ѡ
Ҷ˵ͷȺɽ֮ϸȥûκء
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ǿҸоǱһͷޣղһɢҵĽ󡣡˸
һ·ϣҶٶԽԽ죬ڸϵɽ嶥ˣǰһ޴㳡Ժŵƽʱĵطʱۼӡ
ڹ㳡мشĸӣԶԶȥϰĸӰǿܳˡ
żᶨĽŲҶ㻺ĳ㳡ĵش£ĿˢˢͶ˹ҶأѾ
û·Ҷ㴩Ⱥͣ˹㳡м䣬һϵꡣ
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Ҷ䣬֮Ҷɱ
ܲҹʱ仹ҪһЩ˷վŵЦݡ
ǣҶ˵һ飬ѹסԼǿɱ⡣
ǲǲԣֻҪһҿԿǷǡ
˷Ȼһĵ̬ȣ˿ûнҶҶܴ۽Ǵɱ⡣
Ϊ˵ĻʹĴۡҶޱ䡣
в𣿡˷Ц˿Ҷ㡣
һֱۣԴߣЦ֮󣬽˷ͻȻ䣬ȻҪҶжһֱۣÿҪ
ֳձøӹ죬һĸо˫ŭӡ
Ҷʵһֵز˷ܵвλᣬץҶ㼸ĸûϳҶһֱۣúݶơ
㡭Ҷֻ˵֣˷ѾҶӡǣһȡ
ȻˣǲһֻҪӮˣԽǴߣˣһֱۣɸң
˷һǵ͹ҶԣѾܵҶвԴϳҶһֱۡ
Ը
ȻһƽԼսҶûа취ܾӦ˽˷Ҫ
Ҷʦ֣ɣҶӦЩ˵ĵæֹ


110 ̤˷
ҶӦⳡƽıȶЩ˳Ա˿飬Ϊ˷ǹ⼤ŭҶ㣬ô˻ᣬݺݵĴѹһĵ̣ôȣҶ㶼·硣
ҽ˷ľҶ̫࣬ν֮ʧ֮ǧο֮ô࣬һ쾳۷壬һŲ쾳ãҪǽ˷Сܼõ鵤ҩǶԡ
û뵽㻹еҵǵ͹ˡ˷û뵽ҶôʹĴӦȶ
ϻ˵ְɣҶø£սپ
Ȼ㼱͵Ҿͳȫ㣡˷гһγν
ҵıڽѾмˣҾնֱۡһĽҶ㼤
Ҷվԭأ޶ԣѽ䱸˷Ȼ쾳۷壬ʮִҲƸСõкܴĹϵһ;ԴǳҪ
˷ˣ
һ䣬һƶҶܿռסˣʮֶ
Խ˷磬Ҷʮ־ȭʩչȭͷ֮ϣһףݺݵĳ
ϣ
ĳҶһȭƫҶûʩչʲôǿ似Ҳôڣ򵥵һȭӴ֧֣ó޷̴Ҷķ
˷һȭͷĳоһ𣬳ֶҶʵô˿ֲ
һ֮ҶǴЦѾ̽˷ʵһҶ֣䣬㳡ϵʯҶһŵ飬һöڵݺݵײ򽣳˷硣

Ҷ֣һһ̩ɽѹý˷ʮŭô˵棬Ҷ㷴Ϲȥ
ŭ䣬һӥһջУƥĽҪҶ
ߣ
ǵصĽҶ޶ãһȭһεƸӴҶҪԲпķʽݺݵĴ˷磬ԺԶַԼ
ȭͷ£Լȱķʽһٶ֮ȫһȭ֮ϣЩĽĵӣܲסҵȭʮ
ǣ
Ľ飬δͱҶƷɳȥȭͷ䣬˵彻һһ䣬һȭҶȭͷݺݵ˳ϡ
ϣ
꣡
ֽȻ֣ͬҶһͷͻƲɵг֮ȭͷֹͣһȭ˽ϣ˶
ģ
ײһһǿ֣һ䣬Ҷ㵹ȵڵϡ
˷֮󣬿һԼĳһŭ
ȻҵɻҪɱ㣡˷ŭ
Щһ˷彣ʮǼƷһүүѴʱΪһ
һ˵ʲôҪȻǽڽڣɻ֮оǼƷӽ˷ɹѷ졣
һĶȻܲסҵһȭҶЦ
úûҪƴųͷҲҪɱˣҶ㼫Ƶ˷¶
׼ɣ
һԲܵĿͻȻ䣬ϳһ㺮˪ЩֵĵæԶȥ
ãʦҪʩչ󷨣ǿˣ
ЩӼȥʮּɵҶüͷ΢壬Ҳܵһеǿ󣬲Ҵ⣬ӭս
Сӣһ֮£԰ˣ˷¶Ц
ǧ
ų£ܿռ䶼סˣһ㾧峯Ҷӿ˲Բףı˪ǡ
Ҷ㴦ںĵشһŨҵĺܳ⾧ѱסҶоԼѣȫʧȥ֪űһ޴
㳡ϵȻ½Ǻڵµܼޣս򶼱ǡ
һΪôǿҲˣ˷ʩչ֮ʮѾסҶ㣬Ц
ܳ˱ϣҶ㱻סһ˿ΣʵǿһЩҲᱻץڷҶһˡ
˳Ա˲˳㽫ҶӪȳܿͱסˣ˫ʼ
Ҷı黹Ǹղűסʱһ䣬˳ë棬˲䱻
ʶûʧȥŽ˷Цȼһ棬˲Ҷɢ
꣡
޴ıѷ죬˵ı˱仯˷ҲһղŻЦ̶ת𾪡
𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷһŭסı飬飬ܼȥ·һ

Ĳҽ֣ЩĽĵ޷ܿУֱۻǴȣ֮󣬶زʹİ
һкüشصŶᴩѪֹ
ʧȥ˱ĿƣҶ䣬˷绺

Ҷ˵֡
㡭ôġ˷е㲻⣬Ҷôôʱ䣬ѺĿơ
֪𣿲Զ֪ҶȭͷˣǺŭһҶзŭ
粨̣
ҶʩչȭУǵһʩչղѹ֮Ҷȭ裬
һ󲨵ܿռ俪ʼȶ˷֮Ӧս
꣡
ɻ֮󣬷һһǳ׵ѣΪڵϣȭȻûֹͣ
ɱ
ȭ͸ռ䣬ݺݵ˽˷֮ϡ
ۣ
˷ڿлһߣߵķݣѪȾ˿ռ䡣
飡
ݺݵ˵ϣʯü飬Ѫ࣬

㳡ˣҶ㲻˺ƿأһȭ˷ɣڻ֪ʱҶһɱ˵ɱˣɱ˭Ҳ޷赲
ȿȣ
˷绹ûѵҪԼȫͷ󲿷ֶˣҵʹϮȫ
ˡˡˡ
ҶŽŲĳ˷ȥû˸أͰһƬһٶڵϣղŭı塣
Ҷ㳯˷ңȫϲҪ˵ʲôɤһһѪ˳
͸˵ҲκˣҲһڼѧԺ֮ʱ˶Ըң֪Գȥ𣿡Ҷڽ˷ϣӣ˵
㡭˷类Ҷ̼ˣԳɳȥģûɵӶ֪Ҷˡ
û뵽ɣֻһϣû뵽ϻϣǱӦҶ˷۵۽У
ߣҲɱ㣬һԶסĳ裬ӴԺ̧ͷҶ㽫ҽڲȥ˷һᱻҶ
ʱɱѣݺݵ裬ý˷ɨأϾʧҲһָ


111 ǿǿײ
ҶûѡɱһɱԽ˷˵һֽѣɱҶͻᴥŹ棬ŪûѧԺͷҶŲôɵΪһ飬Լܳͷ鲻㡣
Ľ⣬ͷ˽˷磬ҶҲһڶѪħսԳУҶҪñ˵֮
ûˣҶߵ棬ɱһڿлһԲλߣסǵп
֮Ҷϡ
Ҷ㣬ˣܳʮھΡ
Ҫ˵ˣ˵ز˾ǿߣ
˽˷磬ϱôӣҶ㲻붺һʱصͥԺ
û˸Ҷʮ˳ԱѸ뿪Ժ
ˣ
Ҷ뿪ãһǿƽ٣ڹ㳡֮ϣԺűذ˵Ľ˷磬ȫŨɱ⡣
ͻȻԺ죬ɽսѾԺһδֹ
ںĵӣ֪Ҳײ֣洫ӸˣԼɽ壬ŵӼ
ʲôˣһŭ
Ȼ䣡
ʮ˷˹Ժĵʦűضߣŭ
ҶսǰҲһʱ䣬˭Ҳ벻ҶԾƽ˷ܡ
Ժٵӿʼߣղŵԭԭ˵һ飬ͼӴף󲿷ֶҶ㲻ԣôԺôĵӡ
һССŵӣȻҴҵĵ̣ôӡһǿŭ⡣
ߣȥͥԺҵҪôҽ֣ͣݡ
콫˷һԽͥԺȥʮʦ
ҶһٶȸϻͥԺ˭Ҳ֪ʲôˣз¡ʱѧԺ
Ӵ˲ͥԺЩĵӵһʱ䱻ȫӶ˳Ҫʲô顣
ҹ
ͥԺϿգһŭ
Ҷ˽ŲһͣϿ˹ȥ
ÿٶȣǿȥҶ㰵û뵽Լ˽˷磬ô䶯ѧԺˡ
죬ҪܵССһɽڿҲʮʦ
콫ԺӵֽȻݹǲ
һ˻һ޴㳡֮ϣ콫˷ڵϣЩ˵ĵӣ½½ĸϣһ˵
ż˶ˣ˷֪Ҳһʲô鶼֪
رǽ˷磬үүڴڱչؽ׶Σ֪Լӱ˴Ժ޷ֹŭ
ʹһɫʦʾ⣬ȥ̽Ϣȥˣʮʱ䣬ʦߣ˵һ顣
죬㻹˼ô˹֪ܡ֪ȥ֮󣬴Цݡ
ЩԺĹһԺǹϵôãÿ궼໥ǰйڣÿ궼໥
Ժĵǿ°ͥԺӣһûأ㵹ãȻһˣ£ŲھȥԺѧԺ򡣡
˵ľܴ󣬴֮⣬󲿷ֺĵӶ֣洫ӵӰӡ
һε𶯲һöըѧԺڲըһЩĵӶʼע
ڿнʶҪʲô顣
ҪƱ磬ֵԺȥҲҪ֣Ȼݹҳֽɱ͵
ø£ԺһٶˣɨأԲôˡ
ЦһԺȻ˵˻Ҳ˳ЦӼȻ棬˵ԺĵӲͥԺһԼĵӱ۸ˣԺۣѧԺˡ
һ˵ѧԺڲÿ춼ÿÿڵˣԺҪĻѧԺһţκûһôأҶһһٶˣѧԺ
ҶվȺУҲ˹㳡֮ϣһһ˵Ҷ㻹֮ˣһҶӡʮֺøУȻûԼߵӣһ˵
ǿʶѧԺÿǶǵӴԺԺϺڣ첻˭Ҳ뿪첻ϰݡ
ƨҴԺô˵ԺҶȥˣһŭ
˵Ŀ볯Ҷ㿴˹ȥ˭Ҳ벻ҶʱվӣѰӻҶ㲻Ѱӻվ˶ҶĹ
Сӣ㴳Ժɫ䣬Ҷ㡣
ûң㲻ףȥжϣΪԺΪϸ𡣡
ҶԴǼңһĻڳˣܳ˶ˣ֪Ҷ㵨û뵽ֵزȻҹȻԺ
ˣ
ͥԺˣٶǰۿֵģҶľٶ
Զɽ֮ϣվһӣ˫ֿߣվһߣʮֹ
˼ǰ¶Ц⡣
ǲǷâ̫ʢزۣ߽˵
ҵôΪᣬʵӦúңһζأУһעҪһηģСӶϡʼ˵ӷΪҶû
ѵԺСˣʮֹ
ο˵Ĺھǰɣܴ޵㣬˻ʯСϻвٵܣһ£˳ˣҪֳЦ
ǣԺ
Ȼʮֹ˭Ҳ벻һε־磬ԺˣղŵӾѧԺͳߣ˾У
˵˾뿪ˣֻԭأĿ鷢չ
ҶһһʯǧˣݺݵĴһⲻ˵˴ʶҶ㣬Ȼ𾪣ǲòҶĹ
ŭһƳҶɨ侳ԻأͥԺʼζһ£ܻɽ塣
Ұ
ҲǴŭһ˾Ȼڿдս
䣡
ڿըˣһζɽʯ䡣
ݱ䵽ֵز˭Ҳ벻ģѾ޷ճĵزȥ綼ݱڶκһӴµĲįڶһڶͻѧԺʵ
죬㹻ˣҪΪ㣬һƣѾüΣȥݹҲ
ױŭôӵ棬캷Ȼ֣ѾΥѧԺ


112 
ֻһҲˣ캷Ȼ֣ŭѾΥѧԺ򣬶ǵôӵ棬ÿԺóȻ֣ѾЦ
ô첻֣Ҿ뿪
ղǱҶһ̼֮ҲеڣʱΧ̫ˣÿڶѾʼעſЦء
죬㲻ҪôߣǴһĿȻӵҲۣڹȻôǰʦ͹쵼Ժ㣬ҲռȰ㻹ǸϽȥ˺
ǲ뽫ִ󣬾ԺΪҲܱȫҶ㲻Է˺
Ȼ˫ڶ죬ǲ֣ĳ֣鶼ˣͿ˭ռȻֱ׳ơ
ԺΣСӴô˸ô㣬֪̣ҵҪôסСӡ
Ҷ㿴ȥһǿһɽҶѹȹ
䣡
㳡Ϊ֮һЩʵ͵ĵ޷ɽһѹЩֱӱѹſȥˡ

ŭȫҲǱһɳϢ侳ʵȫչ¶
ȿȣƸһҵĿһѪ
Ժ
ʮʦһΧߣ֪һֱаһͻȻ˸һѪ³
û£һҪҶ㣬׼ܵκ˺ĨȥѪЩʦ˵
ģڣ˭д˺εʦһ˵
Ҷվڹ㳡ϣоһ޴ɽ壬ѹȵȫͷ졣
һƺ͹ҶĳȻֻ˰ٷ֮һΪʲôСȻûбˣš
ҶΪģƺȻҶҶԶЩӻһЩǿվֱǾҶľ˳Ա򲻺ܣһڿѪ
Ҷҧгݣ˫Ŀ͸ɱڲֱɱ죬ʵһǵҶ޷Խ
ס֣
һȴԶһεƳˣ·һ磬ɢεĻ⣬Ҷ˸оȫһᣬѹȫʧ
һߴ˳վڹ㳡ģɨˣ񶨸ϡ
ϵû°ɣѯʡ
лϹģûд󰭣ƺʮֹ
ղŵҸԺ֪ˣϾѧԺŵӴȵӣʲôԹڴȵʱ໥ɺͳ˿˼˵ӣźǳ⡣
ߺǳ⣬Ȼûзһʮֹ
ϣȻˣҪΪСӴһٶӣ˸ô㡣ơ
ˣҿһӦñһǵӼΪԺͲҪ棬ŵӴߴ졣
ǽ˷ǽϵӣ׷ҲûʮΪѡ
ͲҪˣǱʲô飬ԺԴŽҲǲǷ֮ˡߵĳ˫ֹͣ
Ȼô˵ҸһӣԲôˣڱȵʱһС֪ԺǺ۸ġ첻ڶ뿪ͥԺ
Ҷɢ˰ɣúûȥȡ֮ŵӴȴʣ
Ժĵ뿪ˣ˼￴֣ϺǳһҶʼɢȥ
Ҷ㣬ȵȡ
ˣҶҪ뿪ʱϽס
ʮ˳Աһͣס˽Ų
Ȼȥû£Ҷ㽫˴ˣԼ˹ȥ
ǰҶʮֹ
ؾ񣡡һ֡
ȻԺȣôĵӣҲйϴеϬ
ϣҶδ֮УֻǾȳԼͬ飬ӦùڵӼ໥ƣҶΪѣԶԺʱ˵ˣΪҶ⡣
û˶һѧԺôƣкõһ棬Ȼлһ棬ҲηڣʱиĵЧ£ѧԺ棬һɢɳһ˵ҲûԴˡ
ǿϴôҶ㣡е㲻ˣҶͥԺĵӣܴ֣Ҳ޹⡣
ҶˣԼԺʵѾΥѧԺ򣬼ϴôˣѧԺûκ̬ȣֻøĵЧ¡
㲻ϣϾûԱΪ˷ڣԵĴҪġ
Ͻ˵
һ¾ŵӴȵӣʱҶ㣬ͥԺ˵һһ޴ʧ
ô㴦Ҷ㣡ĵ⡣
Ҷûвԣ֪һֱھϣԼѧԺĴˡ
ǲ鵽ħɽһħټħٴϯ½ǲò˵⻰Ҷȫȴüͷһ塣
˼Ҷħɽ̽ࡣüʵ
ûĴˣֻҪǷʵζԺôˣҲܶס֮ڡϻ˵
Ҷ쾳һ˽ħɽΪ޳ɣе̫ء
ãҴӦҶˣԥĴӦ
Ҷ㲻ɣ㲻ܴӦȥԺۣδ֮УȻǰħɽ֪̽ħɽĿֲֹҶ㡣
лԺĺ⣬ѾȻģӦеҪһħɽĵͼһҪϣʮ֮ٳҪչһʱ䡣Ҷ弤˵
żֻҪһ֮ڳˣͼһᰲ˸͹ϴӦҶҪ
ûͣܿ뿪ˣ㳡ֻʣҶˡ
Ҷ㲻ôӦȥħɽġ뿪̾Ϣһ
ԺѵħɽʲôΣղɡҶʵ
ħɽдڣһѪħսͨ½ĴͿڣȻѾӡ꣬ӡеɶһӡѣʱħͻ֣δӦȥħɽʵ̫ˡĳ˵
ӲӦĻηڣÿڣһὫìͷָͥԺʱӱҶ֪е
ͨеҺοԺ˼Ҫһͨ˿飬֮һܵѧԺӡƺԺ˼
ԺŵӴô£ղ˵ŵӴȣҶʮָȤ
ÿʱ䣬ѧԺͻһŵӴȣôȹھõĽÿһδ֮󣬶Ǹÿβ仯ʵҲǼɹΪҶ͵


113 
䷳ΪҶ㽲һЩڴȵ飬ҶҲ˽⣬ʵѧԺһαĿˣ͸ĩһ
Ҷ㣬ϣܲμһεŵӴȣȡΪͥԺȡеˡ
μӴȣܻȡԴ֮⣬Ľ𣿱֮ġҶ㷴ʵ
Ȼл֣ȡھ˽õ֣ʱӦö˵ɡƺҶҪ˵ʲô
ҪǻȡھܹϻصԺ𣿡Ҷĵġ
ȻֻҪܻùھ㹻ܻȡصԺ
ǺãҲμӣ֮һϻҶӦˡ
ʱӦû鷳ˣ϶ˣ첻Ҷô
Ժʲôͷ
춼ʮּɵϣҶʮֺ档
ͷܴ󣬸λԺʵɲ⣬ѧԺϽԺ˵ϣҲһɵ
ԭˣ
ҶƺˣΪʲô뿪
̸һЩ⣬Ҷ㣬ǰħɽһҪСģ·;ңԶȫ·Ҳһʱ䡣
ص˳ԱҶ㰲ȻʮָˣԻȥȥˣҶ㣬ǰһʱ䣬ʵٴһ
һճ֮УҶջķᣬȡһЩ˳ڻ굤ȵ̷ԪҲһ
򵽵Ӱ似ҶϸϸۿԽӷⱾ似Ѱ֮ڶ㣬ȻֳܷһбɹѪħͶӰ
㣬ֳܷһԴƣӰһʮ㣬Ҳ˵󾳽磬ҶֳܷŸҪǣʵԽԽǿ
ǿ似
Ҷʮ˷ܣӰҶٶȻй
Ӱ似Ҷó˻һʮʯƾɾᡣ
⵽ʲô
Ҷ㽫򿪣ֻһЩһ·Ļھϣʲô֣ΪʲôһҪء
ѵҪȥ鿴
ҶͻȻ뵽µķЩ۾޷ֻͨܽȥ
ʶһ㳯͸ҪͨľᣬʶɨͻᴩᣬҶɨ֮󣬺ʧӰ٣ʶ֪ʲôˡ
ùŹֵľᣡҶ㰵ľ
ղҶʶ͸һʶˡ
ף
ٴοᣬҶ㷢ɻ֮ƺ־е㲻һЩ·Լһ¡
ѵҿˣ
ǿĺʹ֮£ҶԣҲĲʲôܣϾϹʱµĶȻǲƪƲ
һεʶҶҲŻٶȣĳ῿£ʶʮСģڽӴһֳ̣ˣʶȽǿ󣬾Ҳ޷һϴɾ
ˣ
ҶоԴ˵һʶȻ뵽˾棬ǰһƬ޴󳡾һƬɵ磬ﶼǻɫһͷʲôҲ塣
ôҶ𾪵
ٿʶҶ㳯ȥȫֱ治ֻʶǰߵĿռ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶ㲻֪ƣ룬߽ɫռĵشԶһĨ⣬·ɫռһִ¡
ٿʶҶӿ˽Ų⴦ǰһʱңҶڿǰʲôˣɫռʧʶɱӣǰһž޴ղŽǴŷϴġ
滭һ򾣬Ҷ㿴ˣЩȷʵ䶯Ҳ˵ŷÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯
ùŹֵķ
ҶȻӴһЩǵһο˸ӵ·ȫҶ֪
ͨķ涥̻·ͨѶˮȵȣ
ɫӦ˽ǿʢ̵Ҷ㶼޷˫ۣܿռ䶼ˣһƬɫ硣
ĿĹâҶʧȥӾڴʱɫͻȻʧΪһ⣬Ҷʶ档

Ҷı巢һҽУŻԹȥеľ˵ϣһ̫죬ҶȫûзӦ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶ㻺һԴԼδˣŷģԴһЩʹ
ʲô
Ҷܿ췢Լ̾һ޴ǸղŽ濴š
ô£ôһ꺣ġҶ󾪣֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
سʼ֮ˣĽ٣ԪУԭʼ֮֮ɽԳɣ
ҶԺһ֣ʮֹϣʮֲɣ·Խ꣬á
ļ俪ʼںϣǹһЩĶҶЩһֽĶ˽ʦ
Ϲʱڣϵͳƣڰٻɳ֣ϵͳޣñҶڣȵȡ
ʧȻȻ֮٣ЩԶŴţе
Щ䲻дϹŵļ䣬ֱȼҩȼȼһһҶļ滮
ҶЩ֮ҵȼԭżûֻе侳һߡ
ԭҲֵȼ
Ҷ㻹ڲЩ䣬ͨıзҲǷʹõı֮󣬾Ҫֻ·
һҵĲϣԼ죬˴죬Щʮϡ٣ʮ
һְ취̻ƣӳֵ֮УñȼҪԼ컹Ҫǿ
Ϲʱڣʦʮֳ㣬ʵǿ˵ƸַķȥܻȡԴ
Ҳ˶ҪǿĻΪ̻ʱʮĻһ˻δ̻ɹͻľֱѪ
ļ䱻Խ࣬ҶоԼһֱ֮ܣԭŷϹʱһλʦеļ̻ŷ֮ϡ
Ĳһż򵥵ӡǣм䣬һ;ҪǣһϹŴлҲ˵ҶһöϹŴĻ
ˣ
꺣ͻȻ˵һϵ󣬸ղֻȭͷСĻ꺣ʼϱһЩصĵطʼҶĻڷٵ
˵Ļ꺣޵ģ˵Ļ꺣ӦŹоȴţȫ򿪣ܹͨһУÿһȴźӦһ磬ֱǽľˮڰ
ǴһԺҲǱޣȴȫ򿪣겻֪ᵽһʲô硣
ϹŴŴŻʵڵʱǾƹһ
Ҷ㰵࣬ƹһƬҪʲôʵſԣ½Ҷ㶼֪һˡ


114 
Ҷļ֮У˴ļ䣬мöƲǺܴķ̻·ÿһ·̻ҶԺһ
ǿÿֲȱҶ𺳡
ַͨȫָһǲϻոֲϣ뵽֮С
ͬǿ·̻ڸֲ֮ϣγһƣ뵽档
ȻǽЩڵȫͬѶȸ󣬲ҪǿĻиָӵӡԼȱһɡ
̲ͬȻҲַͬͨ޷еȫųȥһЩʲڱ棬ԺҪǳѡ
⣬ܽκȥñĵȼﵽõƷʡ
֮ڳƺ࣬ӳƺϾܿĽͳ֮ģ߲ᲢۣÿֱܳƺΪ
һԣиʧȥ顣
һУҶΪԺĵ·ıһԴȱַѾˣһϹ似дҩڻ굤ԪѾ룬ҶƶĵһĿ꣬ǰʮ֮ڸħɽ
ʰһ£Ҷѡ˼·뿪ʱȣݲҶ˿飬һǰħɽΣأҶҪһʱ䣬ʵ¡
ѧԺߣҶ㶴Сʱʱ䣬ԶԶȥһ޴ĽɫҶǰ
¶һɫʣ滹иַתһԲֻٵӳС
һְ˸ǣÿ涼һޣ·ػô죬Ҷȫ壬֪δ
һĸڣӦĸҶϱš
Ҷߵ·֪ޱȾ޴󣬸һǿӾҶԼͨ࣬۾֮󣬲֪˺ΰⲻ죬񼣣ֻ
ϿһĴڣûоκδĥ·ýǹ񹤣ԽҶ֪
ûйʱ̾Ҷֱڴ
ʾƣ
רػĸڣҶִʱһʮҵҶʾơ
óŵƣһȷ֮󣬽ƻҶ㡣
ŵֻܵϵĲ㣬ϣ㰴ԼϵĹ׵㣬ѡҪøԶÿ߶ô˵
֪лʦ棡Ҷ㻹Ǳʾл
˵꣬Ҷڲʱԭأһ̻Ի͵Ĵ֣ͨ˴һֱ쵽ˡ
һʱ䣬ŵһǧСŻҶֱӷڶȥ
ڶ㷿˵˺ܶ࣬Ҳһǧңıʱ䷨Ҷ㻹ûȤȥ
ʱ䣬һ죬ʱ䣬ȻҶֹͣŲĲȥ
Ĳ㣬ķ˲٣ֻٵİ䣬ÿһ涼к룬֤Ϩ֤ãٷʾûõķ䣬Ҷֻܵȣϵȥ
ÿһ㶼ר˸ǼǣĲҲ⣬Ҷ˹ȥ
ҪڵĲʮʱ䣬Ҫٹ׵㣡
صĲһʮҵˣһֱڱĿ˵˫ۣĵĿҶһۡ
Ĳʱûпз䣬ȥ㿴ɣ
˵˫ۣҶ㡣
д̫ԵˣڵĵĲ㶼ЩӸռˣЩ½ֲϡ
Ҷ߹ȥһȺˣˣ죬ʮ
ͲҪˣпеķ䣬ҲֲкüõƫƫЩʵǿĵռݣֻҪҪŶӡһ˴ɧ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ǵĲӦûõķ䣬ֻǱռ죬һ˲ҽȥˡ
λʦߣҶס˼ˡ
һҶŵӣһɻ֮ɫ
𣿡˻ʮֺ
Ǹղ˵ﻹпõķ䣬𣿡Ҷʵ
ûпõķ䣬Ҹ㣬Сʦ㻹ǲҪˣܶ෿䶼һЩǿŵռ죬ǲҲ˽ҡһŵε˵
дѵѧԺҾΪõģȻǿռ죬ΪУѵѧԺͲ𡣡Ҷеŭ
СʦܣİɣǹѧԺģ𵽾Чʵռʮңһû˸Ҷ㣬ѧԺҲ档ҲеΡ
лλĴ͸棡Ҷ㱧һȭص˵ǼǴ
Ҫһң㰲ţ
Ҷе㲻Ѻãղŵ·Ҷ뿪Ĳ㣬õķ䣬˹
Ǹ𣬵ĲûпõˡһһɹֱҶ꣬Ȼǻ
㣡
ҶҪȣһʹԷ̹Ĺ˺˻꺣
һѧԺشã
ӾȻ˵ҶѧԺأҶǱŭ
ѧԺأõң㾹Ȼ˽ףȻ÷䣬õڳֶԸһӣǺֶΣ硣Ҷ͵˱㡣
Զ˹ȥҶ㿴Ҷǿãδ
ҾĹأ˵ûоûУڲݹҲҲǴŭ
߷˲˵ע⣬Ͼʱ̶ǰղҪ뿪ļŵվסˣҶ𿴻Ĳĵʦһ֮ɫ
ΣһˣƫҪȥ
Ҷӣֱĳе˹ȥܴ̾

һȣһֳҶץ˹ȥȻǵ侳۷ʵΪ̫ѧԺֻýЩĵӣµĲ¡
㣡
Ҷŭɱ֣һӳӺʮְ
˫֣ܶӶʼΧۣѵһϷһŵսʦϡ
䣡
һֱƱҶһӸ˻ȥһô𶯣𶯵ĸоûУܵǽںһ־ǽϣʧӰ١
ʮ־޴󣬾ʮһսɣѾۼһٶˣڹۿһεĽ֡
ף
˷һɻ
ⲻǸԺǸСѧԺǰħɽôϳҶ㡣


115 ڻ굤
ҶѧԺȷʵСŵӣٺĵӹעϾҶܲܳɳĵӶһδ֪
ŵӶڳɳĵ·ϣ½֮꣬οŲѧԺһŵݼѧԺһ۸ڶ
֪ˣСӺϵʦѹֻᷢ顣
һƺˣȻӡ
˵˵ô£ΪʲôĵʦΪҪһӣȰ֮ȰߣԲ֣ѾΥѧԺء
˲⣬ʵ
ѵ㲻֪صĲĵʦϵʦĹϵ𣿡
ղ˵ӽ͵
ԶԶԣˣϵʦĵʦǳã˵˽µĹϵܲѵǹСӣϵʦ𡣡˺ܿ
̸ҲҶ棬ɱӿ֣ԭԼǰ֪ԼӶ𵽴á
ôİɣҪһһὫҵĽ棡
Ҷ©Ȼ˵棬Ҫڽŵ¡
ССһӣѧԺʦȨɱ
ðһɱȻɱҶ㡣
ƾ㣿һ洫ӶȥҶ˵˶Էʹ
һѧԺĵӲΪ洫ӣֻ洫ӲѧԺϵݣĵֻмˣûʲôǱʣѧԺֻܰȥһЩ飬µĵоΪ̫󣬱ѧԺ䵽صĲ㡣
Ҷһܽ洫ӵ׽ŭ
ˣ׼ɣ
һɳɱݱһֻƣҶǵضһοռ䷢ע⡣
ֻе˺ĵӣܽѾвٺĵӴӵʲô顣
Ҫɱң㻹û£
Ҷɱ֣Ӵ
ģ
һײһ䣬˳ȥʮ׾롣
еŤγ֣δܽҶɱѾʧȥġ
ҶҲһﲻʩչɱȻҶҪɱУǰǻᣬѾԺѧԺ棬ħɽ̽ڶ£򲻵ѵҶƴܵҲҪɱ
ͨ似Ҷ޷ѹԵƣֻ˫뵽˽֣־֡
ס֣
ʱһŭȴսǴӵ㴫ġ
ǿĳ˳׷ֿһʮҵͻȻ٣վҶм䡣
򶷣һĵʦһӣɺͳһǳ⡣
˽ףпңóһȳ֣ϣʦҶ˵һ̣˵ˡ
Сӣõķ䣬ǲ㣬κεҡоȻ֪ڸģһơ
ס죬ȥѾ֪ˣϣǸأΪ֮Ȼпõķ䣬Ӧڳ
߲ͬõҲóһ˷ѣЩй׵޷ˣһִֵ
кȻɵȻû˵
ˣҶɢ˰ɣûʲôÿģ
ߴһӣôҶɢȥҪӰ
ҶһõȥһдŶ˺ţ˳ϴλȡ˶ʮ鵤˶ʮĹ׵㣬Ҷ㻹жʮֱʮʱ䣬ƷŽ׼õĹ棬Ĺ׵㱻ˡ
ûʯһ̣Ҷ߽֮С
кϷˣСӾȻѪµң˵Ѫ⼸첻ѧԺһ֪Լұռã֪᲻ɱСӡ
һӿҶ֮󣬴һζЦݡ
Ѫ¿ŵǰʮÿڴʦּҪͿСΣˣ˭ҲãƫƫѪµҡ
ѧԺһʮÿڣŵӶһǰʮмΪĵӣʵǳڣ˷ԺҲǰʮ
ǸѪȣ˷ȻѪ£Ͼ˷иǿүүнĵλѪǿԼʵһһġ
һиҶ㶼ûйϵˣ֮УҶǰһƬ޴ĿأһٶƽСǽڶǹͭɫҶ˼£ֻ
Ũʱ䷨ùŹ֣ҪϺܶࡣ
ҶʱĸܣŹֵǽڣޱ𾪵Ũȣйʱ䷨
Ĳʱ䷨İ˱Ҳ˵Ҷʮ죬Źȥʮ죬ŨѹЩӼͷҲҪˡ
ʮʱ䣬㹻һˡҶ
Ϥﻷ֮ҶӰһӰٶڲܷе£Ķ·
ʱһȥûǰţֻҪ˽ʯǲ򿪵ģҶ߳
ҶʱһԼרұռãһȳ֣ʮŵӣһ˸ҷ
ಣ
һٶƽĿռ䣬һӰ潻ͻȻ֮䣬ʯҶһӰȻҶһģһ
úúãҵӰѾ˵ڶ㣬Ƕʱɣֻȷ
һ֮󣬷˼ӰΪѾȥʮʱˡ
Ҷ㱾һӰ֮׼Լɱתһ룬ͷȽʵƵʱҲаա
Ϊ̻ҪǿĻ֧֣ҶҲԼĻ̻Ҫ󣬴ڻ굤̷Ԫʵ˵
ڻ굤˳ģҩɺɫӨ͸ɢѣҶղ͵Ϯڻʹŵڻ굤֮ͷʧղָ
ܲͿˣ
Ҷһ۴Сڻ굤̷ȥһɫҶ滯Ҷ꺣
֪֮ҶҲ֪˻꺣оŻӦǽľˮڰҶһΪԼϾŸǲҲӦԪأҪԺ󲻶ϵȥ
Ȳ˵ŵŻҶ꺣δٳȼҶʱǻɫɫһξ룬ɫңԶ
󲿷ֶǻɫ꣬ɫֻмŲӵУڳɫ½Ҳˡ
Щɫ꺣֮󣬶ʱ䣬ҶޱоһȪ룬˱ޱ˵˼άȫ˱仯
˵Ļ꺣˭Ҳ֪жЩɫҺ֮󣬿ʼΪҶ㿪תۼĹҶĻһҡ


116 ͻ
ܻ꺣һ㱻ٳҶʮˬһ˵ԽǿԤʾҲԽԺ󿴴ﻹ򶼻ᷢ仯
ЩɵĵطʼҶԼ俴Ӵţɲ⣬ÿһڻ꺣ңɼڵʶ쵽ŻֻԶԶĿš
ˣ
ҶĻ꺣ͻȻ˵һԹȥЩɫʼˣ·һ룬Ҳһ˵ʼڻ꺣޼ɵıŰ
ҵͷҵͷҵͷʹ
ҶͻȻסԼԴڵϲϰȻ˺ˣ·˽˺ۺϣ̯˺ѣۺϣ̯˺ѡ
걻˺ѵʹ಻ͬʹܿõѹס˿ڣֹʹ
ǻ꺣ͬ˵࣬˵˼άǼ䶼һŪûɢ֮
ʱһȥҶÿ춼ڼȵʹ֮жȹÿһ걻˺ʹȥȫ·ѳΪǿĹϡ
ʱţҶоԼʹʧЩɵһ£ɫԽ˻ɫɫչɫֽһ

Ҷ³һ˫ĿоԼޱΪƣҶ㲻֪ԼɢԶ룬ܸоԼҪȽʱǿ
ǿ֮Ҷ뵽һµ⣬ڽʱܵһιϮڻ굤Ƶ궼һ˺ۣҶ㲻ÿ⣬ҲԺ󻹻
ѵ깥Ҷ˵ֹһһרŹֵ꣬Ժˡ
Ҷ㿪ʼԼĻһ𣬲ÿһλ©ɢ޷γһ
ҶҲżһʩչһԹǧٴ֮ҶڸоԼŨ
תۼʮȥˣҶȥжʮ죬ʮ죬Ҷ㶼֮
ͣ
ԶͭɫǽϷ͵һ·һεУȻûкۼҶȴ˷֮ɫ
ڳɹˣ
Ҷ˷ܵ߰ʱ䣬ʮΣмҶһȿݽߣںϳɹһΣ۳һΪһŭȥ
ȻڹͭɫǽϲδκκۼҶ֪ղι޷ۿ壬ֻͨ鿴
ϥҶԪϣͻ쾳ڣɱɹʽ
ǿˣɹ˻ʵҶ㾭һαչ֮󣬽һʵķԾﵽ⣬̥ǡ
Ԫṉ̀Ԫǿľǲɶõ鵤ҩʮϡ٣ÿһ̶쳣󣬲ȻӷҲỨôʯ
ɫԪҶһ̷ȥΪһҶ·𱻵ȼһ㣬СһֱţȫĹ迪ʼȡ
ľֽҶɫͨ죬һȼգرҶ°һջֱֱĴԡĸо
Ҵ⣬Ҷа֮ģĿ񣬽Ժ󣬱̨һƬ⾳Уʱ԰γ
һ˵ϲŭֶɾ϶ɣһʬ⣬ûκθ顣
һ˵ľ裬ֽһ˵ǷǿȡھǷʢ
һִһУڵ²УҲ磬һʧȥУͻֽŷ䣬׵¸ʪ
ָ꣬һʢ񣬵ֻһǿǶѣһҪĻҶѾڻ굤˼¡
ҶȱŸȫҶȫУ˾űֻȱپԪ֮ľڿ
ǿ͵ľҶײ޷ɣҶýЩ͵Ÿ棬ҶʵѾ쾳۷壬Ԫ֮󣬿ʼڡ
ȫĹͷǵڷɢ·һɫСڵζ
һͻȻʢһɹɻ֮ð˸ȻδǱҶŵޱȾ޴
׼ͻƣ
Ҷȫ׼ڽ濪ʼתһͷ汼ڣҲһŭ
ͻƣͻƣͻƣ
Ҷһ˵ͻƣȫ͸Ŀռʮι̣Ҷ޷ݳȥŨ·˾壬Ҷչ
ӵΪʴҺ뵽Ҷ档
ͷ֮ϳڲ壬ͷң˵侳ڡ
ҽЩ֮ںһǲǸӴ
ҶͻȻ뵽һӣҪѹЩ֮ںһ
뵽Ҷԥһ;û˿ָǿԼһ·ûκνݾԣֻ˵˭򵽵ĸ࣬˭ǿߡ
ٶҶʼϢͻȻһ໥ĺһȻûб󣬿ǸղŻӰں֮󣬷Ӱʵˡ
Գɹ֮ҶһʰģԽԽ٣ЩݱɵķҲʵʷչ
ÿһ·˿̻·һ죬׳ޱȡ
ڼ٣ղŻٶıһٶڲϼ٣Ҷеڶںϣںһ
һηӴ˲٣·ԼһķҶݱ䣬ݱ䡣
һͷֵܵһ֮Ҷ㻹кԶ·Ҫߡ
ں֮Ȼ٣Ҷ㷴оԼӴǳ֮
ʱ䣬ҶڽЩȫںһֻʣʮͷҶŵһɿֲϢϢȻ
գ
һȣҶ㽫ʮͷս֮Уʱ䣡ͻ䡣
һɱϢҶֱӳڵһٳ嵽ڣ۷Ҳһ֮ң
鵤ȼհɣ
ģʮ鵤Ҷȼһգϴͻڣ鵤һѪһθǿֲһҶϾųɵҩ
ʮ鵤Щ˽ӽʮʮҶ㲻ֻ֪ۣҪʵһжֵˡ
öѪھħ֮ըΪһɹѪ⵽Ҷ棬Ӧγһ
ҶǱʣѪһ׺ָð˳һδﵽһ֮һ˿˿һĶָ͸һɭ¡
ˣ
ܿռһƬǿ𶯣Ҷ㿪ʼ·һɾޣҲһʱ䣬Ҷһա


117 ɱ
ͻڣҶٶʮֲֿһա
ѧԺ˲书ŨԴԴĳռ䣬Ҷ㻹ڲɡ
鵤ĵ˾ųɣѪҲʣ޼ҶԭΪЩԴԼͻƵ侳ǵ͹ԼǱ
һ֮Ҷľȹͣ۷壬ֻһܲ쾳Բ
ǣ
Ҷվֱӣȫһϵеı·ڳһ㡣

ҶһõԪ֮󣬾ʢޱ֮У͸һ䣬·ܿ
ҪʵҶʱ˸ߴͲ٣ҲǸɬꡣ
ɱˣвµʱ䣬ϣܽɱ
һ׼Ҷ˵ƶĿֻ꣬һɱ
ҶҲżϢһʱ䣬׼оַĶȻأ׼ʼơ
һϱҶ˳ѪħսõĸϡнǴĬ͵Ѫ飬дõĽʯҶ㶼뵽ɱ֮Уһǰδеı
һӴԽãĳɾҲԽߣʼʱɳʮޣҶѾϰɱȻԺٻҪһ覵
һ׼׵Ҷһɱ˳ɱУƯ
һ˿˿ֵӡ֣Ҷǵһʩչеɬӡϳ֣ɬĸоʧ
Ȼ䣡
ܿռòȶһ⻪Ҷָϳ֣һ𣬵һϡеĽ
ͣ
ʱ
Ҷ紩ŲŤַ˼Ķָʷ棬ϡеĽֵ̻ӡû뵽档
Ȼ䣡
ٴη仯̻֮󣬺ޱȻԾԼڿԾ˳Ƶ·ķѡ
̻ƣųϡнʣƼ򵥵ƣȴǣشû˽̵һҲ޷仹ص·
ƶ֮ڻҶ㻹ӡЩڻĲϣ·ˮһ㣬Ϊһֱߣûɱ֮С
ЩҺɱһǣҶٶͻȻиֹ⻪֣ӡ֣滮һȫû뵽ɱ֮С
ˣ
ɱһ޴Ŀռ䣬ҧָͷҶ㼷ʮξѪΪһûɱ档
ܿ죬ҶʶΪһָֻһ꣬Ϊɱ飬൱ӡԺҶͨ
ɱ֮ҶɱϵһҶȫܸ֪ɱڲÿһռ䣬·Ҷ꺣֮һ㡣
Լ𣬹ıȼٸߣҲ޷ʹ߱ϣ޷ͨ
ղűƿ̻֮󣬽еʮͣҶ֮£ĸɱΪһ塣
ֺ˳ҶһУһһϡеľӲѲϣǿͶȣνǿۣҪһЩ͵ĶкǿȣľõĲϡ
Ųһ죬·֣йճһͼģ·һȻķ
һϡеĲϱҶֽˣ̻ڲϣΪһҺһע뵽ɱ֮С
ɱЩ֮ڷı仯Ҳڷ仯Ǻܿ죬Сֻг˰ƴСľ¸ӡ
Ӧ֮ҶͻȻ٣ͬʱ䣬Ҷ˫ǧŮɢ·ҶϵĲһ١
ʱҲһȥתۼĹѾȥʱ䣬ҶֱۻٶȺԻʼʱˮ
ҶĶͷϳִˮоһߣʱ̵ˣҪǿ֧֣ǿʩչᱻ
ҺҶڻ굤屶Ȼ޷֧ôãҶ㻹е
ϵĲʣ޼ɱ濪ʼ˸··һ䶯ø޳ҲɫĹâƺܴ͸գ
ɰܾڽգ
Ҷ㽫ͷϵĺˮĨȥž޴Ѫ飬ָӵƳ֡
Ѫ飬ɱͻӵԣν־ϣģֻжԣ
Ѫ֮Уӵԣ޷봢ָ棬Ϊָֻ޷װ´ԵĶѪһ֡
ƿ̻ѪϣѪڲ͸һɺɫҺ壬ҺȻ͸Ҷʱ硣
ҵҶӿٶȣѪ龫ҲԣʱĵԽãʧҶٶȣѪ뵽ɱ֮С
˼ɲ꺣ʹҶҧ֣ɺɫҺ屻Ҷ̻˴ƣ˸⣬˲û뵽ɱ֮С
һȭͷСѪԣҶܽһˮ״СѪ飬һƣֱݳ޵˼㡣
һˮ״СѪ飬洫Ӽۺ죬Ȼ洫ӲмӵзԪѪȥӱԣԺʩչӵӦ֡
Ѫе뵽ɱ֮УһԴɱɢɱͻȻѣ·һӤ䣬۵Ľ
ԴɱɢһΣҶܵɱڲʼת䣬··еĽһɺɫԴЩ·֮УеѪһ㡣
ɣ
һѪȥʱҶһิӵӡɱڲһ·ҪǮƵãϵ뵽ɱ֮С
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Ҷ㲻ɱͻȻһ£·һγɣһָ״Сɫɱ浮ˣ飬ɱϳɳҲԽԽ
ɱ״Ҷγһεĸӣ̻һ·ζ
һǾǽʯȥ
ӽʯɱҲ˵˽ʯȫ
ʯǶ취ñһǳ֮ǿҲӣҪǣ˽ʯԺҲ׺ܶࡣ
ñȴػ¥ʼʱػĲãָǵʮʱ򣬵ػȣøֲȹ̵ػȻǿ֧ţǸʼһ
ҶԴ·Ҫѿ촽ҧˣ¶ѪǾŸ֧Ҷ㣬޷Ƴ꣬ҲַͨĺüѶȡ

ʯֽ֮󣬻Ϊɫ뵽ɱ֮С
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118 
ܽ˽ʯ֮󣬻Ϊһɫ뵽ɱ֮С
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һɽɫâɱɢ̵Ҷ㶼˫ֻۣӦɱڲγɣһͼչ涨ĳתŨԴɢ

ڽʯڵɱ֮УҶֽǧӡЩǷҲƣɱһɱڽ
飡
Ҷ峯󻺻ȥ̫ˣһЩӡ꣬Ҳ֧Ųס˵ϣָͷöĿɱ
ɱƯڿУһ·תҶϸĹۿһγɹʮ⡣
ʱһһĹȥʱȥˣҶ·𼢿ʵӤܴڸоָһЩ
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վӣҶ㳯ɱȥ֣ɱУҶȻоһ·ɱֱۣúķһ˿Ҳܽɱ߶
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Ҷȫ֪ղһնǽϵʱһǿ𶯣ЩĵȻ˫ۡ
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Ҷû⣬ǼǴȥʱ䵽ˣҶҪ򵥵һӡ
ⲻ֪
ҶǼǴʮ֮ңʱһҶ꺣Ϯ

ҶŭһλУҶֵһ̣깥ɫΣ˸֪
ҶӦˣõڻ굤֮ҶҲǽȥʱ°ɣһ֣նϡ
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Щ˭Ҳ֪ʲô飬ͿҶͻȻԭأ˫ĿŭС
СΣˣ֪һ
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ҶһĿ࣬ȫţҶȻ˰Ե飬־ͷеһֱۣúݵֶΡ
ѧԺһ£Ҷᵽ˺ܶණһٵֻöָţҶ㲻͵Ҫݺݵķȥ״вĶ֣ϾԼ
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·һһ㣬ͷɢвҶ㡣
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ұҲҶ㱨ϣӴԺֻܳΪһˣǵҶĺ
ſУҶ㳯߹Щ˿˹ȥǰһϢǳǿҪлҪǿ
ҵǸꣿ
ǰһߴӣŵаЦҶʵ
Ҳ˵ʲô
Ҷ֮ãڶ£뿪


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Ҷ֮󣬲ͣȻӦʮ֮ǰħɽҶͲʳԡ
װͿռҵʮʱ䣬װ֪ߴеŭ
üͷ΢壬ڽȥʱҶ˵ʣµļҶЩռãҶû⣬ڻƺˡ
ѧԺԴֻҪй׵㣬κ˶ԽȥҲ֪˵ʲôҶ
СӣİѪµɵʮʱ䣬㾹ȻװͿ
ԭߴŵǰʮѪ£֮Լұռ죬ڽҶȳˡ
һ飬ѧԺԴκ˶нȥȨÿ
Ҷеסȥ·ǲã¶˿˿ɱ
ÿСӣѪ»ôԵɫƣİѪµһųˡ
Ѫȫһǿƣ͵ƽ˳ȥ
ԷһԴǣҶеѾȥˣνѪһֱռõһ䣬Ѫ
һǻһλᣬȥʮʱ䣬ֻҪó칱׵㣬ôˡ
Ѫ»һתȻҪҶӦҵĹ׵㡣
ҶѪѾˣһλȡʮĹ׵㣬ԺݺݵѹեһϸֳЦ⡣
ûţ
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Ѫû뵽Ҷܾôɴ࣬һǵô˵棬ŵ֮УһǿͿһαҶ㵱ô˵棬˲ء
Сӣ֪ڸ˭˵𣬲ҪΪо˲ֻһϰĽɫ
Ѫ¶ݵ񣬸һǺʮί֪ôֵѪɷǣһĿɬ
˫һҶ֪Ϊʲôôӵԭ֪
в𣿡
Ҷ¶һǻһߡ
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вҵֻһ³ǱҴǱҴˣϣһҶޱȰԵ˵
˵̸Щޱ𾪣ҶǲѪµ֪ŵУܸߣֳãһȺսķӡ
Ҳвٲ֪ôĵӣΪԼսʤѪ£֮УÿһѪһٿᣬûһ뿪Ƕ־ǶϽţ˱ļ궼޷ָ
Ѫ£Ѫ£Ԣÿ¶˼ѪѪ´ĳѪŵõ֣ѱ˺ԡ
µӣһμôģСӣ֣һ֪ô˵ĺ
ѪҲҶ棬Ȼ˵˵ĻҶʵһˡ

Ҷ㾹ȻѶԷ̵Ļɿ佱Ҳһַ̡
ϴҳֽѵѵСӣɱţ
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Ҳãͽѵѵ֪ߵغСӡ
ѪҲó֣һʱվ˳̽һ
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СӣҽСߣһѪϴѾȥˣúõĽѵ㣬֪Ժôˡ
Сܼ⣬ʮֲ·һֱĦŽ
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ϻ࣬һ£ٲ֣ҾҪ뿪ˡ
Ҷøĥĥ󣬵Լʱ䡣
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СವһһֻԳ˫һצӣҶץ˹ȥޱȣĲ˼飬Ӱӡ
ҶûӰһᱻԷٶ𾪣Ӱ֮ҶٶѾһ˼ĵزڶԷһ̣Ҷ׵ʧԭء
ͣ
һСߵצץҶղվĵطûѪĳֻп졣
ٶ̫ˣ
ҶȻС߸ղųֵĵط˶ԻһλãȻҶٶȸ죬ΪҶˣСȳ֡
СһٶƣȻҶռȻҴ⣬ٴһöһη֪࣬ٶ޷սʤҶ㣬ҪǿʵҶѹ
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һֻζԳСȭһм似Գȭ޴
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ӳ
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һұվĽĵӾȻ޷˳ľһǺ峯ȥرЩʵ͵ŵӣоһ죬е㲻˼
ԶԶûнȭͷδֿһҽг֣Сߵ񱻵һ㣬ʼ鴤
꣬꣡
ˣȫëֹͷ¶֮ɫ
ۣ
һѪСߵڿն𣬻һߣںݺݵ˵ϡ
㡭
С߻δ˵ֱ꣬˹ȥ
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ѪµһһСߣӲ鿴СߵƣɫԽѿ
СӣúݵֶΣȻС첲ԺҲָ
ѪɫĿ£ղһ飬СұһƬ꣬ͷΪ࣬ҩҲܽĹͷӵһ
˲ңұƴңұɱˣ
Ҷ˵
úúã˵ûҵˣҲֻһ³ǱŤϲӣȥιޡ
ѪȫһŨҵѪ֮һǾ̫ɱɱ¾֮뵽Լ֮С
С̧߱ˣмڳһ޴Ŀռ䣬ۼԽԽ࣬кüˣڹۿ
Ѫ²˶ʶҶ˭Ҳ֪ܶһֱ²ŻһΣŹ׵׼Ҷ㡣
ˣ
ռ䷢һ𶯣ѪµһƺŨҵƷƺ˺ѿһ쫷֣Ҷ·졣
úã
Ҷʵͻ֮ҲһбŰСҲĶ֣޷ҵԼĵѪúʣҶս


120 
Ѫ³ˣ͵ƺճ֣һƺУҶŨҵƷ˺ѿռ䣬γһ쫷磬һ˳Ҷû
ħƣ
ѪһȣľƷʮְԵÿһƶ֮֮ϻܸһ⡣
һ䣬Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬Ѫµʵһ侳ڶĶ֣Ųһţ
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Ҷսö½ǣһȻȫͷǵȭͷһ˳ȥΪһǡ
䣡
˾뱾ͲԶҲʮ֮ңɲǼĹ򣬺Ȼһ˵ڿвϽ似
ԽսԽ죬Ѿ˵ӰӣЩۿĵӿѪڣսɾ
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ѪһҶɨּֿУҶƻᱻ顣
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ҶһһšһƶӰٶȷӳˣƽһ׾룬ѪµȻڿϣ
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ѪǿҵĳҶһ˿аЦһղ̸ܵҶʶˣѧԺҪԼѪȻôߵɱģҶҪŵӻҪѪ¡
ɱ
ҶһȣٱһֻеıӣȭֱϴݳŸӵ
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ѪԼԴѿı飬ҵʹڲɢҶȭͷһÿһ¶ޱȾʹ
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ѪſͣҪ˵ʲôǶˣȫ˵ʲô
˵ʲôҶ㼥Цһ
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ѪԲ˵ˣһ䵶г֣ȫðɱѾҶҪ˵ʲô
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С㳢ҵĸ
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ѪµĳڿУȻ޷ҶķɱһŭУѪ³ϡ
ϣ
һѪ¸оԼֱһòסæأ棬Ȼ縫ӡ
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ҶЦһɱٴηһαˣǸǸУնѪµĵϡ
꣡
һˣѪ¸оԼֱһᣬͻȻˡ

ص˵ϣѪµҲҶɨȥ
⡭ôܣѪµһնˣСӱôôǿ󡣡
˫ۣȫţһغϣѪ¼ܵķʽս
ȺеӣҶսһ亹
ѪҲһɻ֮ɫֻʣ°صĵһŲһ죬ϷȻҶ㱼ܹ
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Ѫ·ˣԼܾˣҶ¶֮ɫٴ飬Ѿزûֵˡ
һŭѪµ﷢֮лصҲ˴ӣʼעⳡȶ˭ǿ˭ѪԼӣҶѪµ߹ȥ
ˣ
ǻζһ㣬ҶһöڵȥΪһǡ


121 뿪ѧԺ
Ҷһöڵŭȥ֮УɱҶ֪ôʲôʱɱˣʲôʱ򲻸ɱˡ
ʮ׵ľ룬ҲգۼĹȫӰѾײһ
䣡
һ޴ײһӰǶߵķݣݺݵķڻһߣڵϣһƵ
ʮ֮Ҷ㲻ٲ׾ѹŭһȭƿѪµķԾѹķʽѪµؿ֮ϡ
ǣ
һͷѵ֣Ѫڵϣֻ֪йͷһѿֳһļž
ջƣҶûٿһѪ£¥ȥһӰһȺĿɿڴˣҶʧ֮С
ѪµļæȥѪµѪµģȫͷûһõĵط
뿪Ҷȥʰһ£׼ǰħɽϾ·;ңԶ·̾Ҫһʱ䣬ʲô鵢һ£Ҫһˡ
һչأҶջ̫࣬ʵǴҪģҪǽɱҶʵһ
ҶѪµܿŵдȥѾ˿ʼԣҶʵпܳͥԺŵӴʦֶףЩҶûκιϵΪѾ뿪ѧԺħɽǰ
еͼҶ㽫·μסһҶһ뿪ѧԺôá
ʦ֣Ҧʦ֣ǽҶŵǸСѾ뿪ѧԺӦøɽ
һɽ֮ϣһŵӳĵӹ˵
ˣûˣȥɣ·һ֡
ǣʦ֣
ŵӺܿ뿪ɽ塣
Ҳóˣʮʱ䣬ڵȵ˻ᡣ·˸
ʦ֣ǻʲô
Ҧ˫Ҳ˸һ˿̰֮ɫ
ԭҶ·׼صĳ·Ҧ˫ƻصѧԺ˶סҶ㣬һֱ޻ᣬҶ뿪ѧԺϳ˷֮ɫˡ
Сϵ̫ˣĹܹŹ֣رͻȻֵǸڶ似ҶûмһҪ취õ·Ҳż˵
ҶڹٵϣҲżһγȥÿԺúϤһݵĻҲӴһЩˣӼʶܶණǴӼϿģҶ㲢δ
ʱˣСӦ뿪ѧԺΧߣ
һʱ䣬·Ҧ˫һ䣬ȻշУѧԺȥ
˵侳շУʮԸⳤʱУֻе侳е
һʱܿȥҶҵһСǣȥϢһڶ·
ҶһֱڽжȹʵǳĿ죬ȻҶ˾Ѫɸֲϣûʲô׶ˣʱˣҶȱٳȱٵ̣ÿλᣬúõĳһ£ĥʱĵʧ
ҵһջҶס

׼õˮһָܿ
ͻȻ䣡
ҶͻȻ˫ۣŵֱ
Ϊʲôһʱ䶼о˸Һ档
ղŵ˲䣬Ҷоâ·ڿһ㣬һʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ָо
ָоһ˲ܿʧҶ˫ۣϸϸܣܾĵģֻ
ղŵҶ˾ӣһҹʱ䶼ʮ־裬δʲô飬ȫĶȹɫһҶ·
һ·֮ϣҶָоˣȻ棬ȵͷʱָоٴʧ
ߵҶʱһΣɢ׵ľ룬ԲҶȫ̽һ飬ûκټӰûС
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СӺǿľԣô֪˸֮ϣӰվ档
һɽ壬ǰһƬѩѾһ£Ҫȥӭ졣
ŰѩҶãֻҪƬƽܽԨѧԺΧ
С϶ɣÿһҶһЩ֮£ǿһͷ괫С
ԨҾͷǳǿѾǧ꣬δ˥ļһиǻǿкܴĹϵ
ԴԨȣûԨʮ֮һ󣬿ԴֻǱСԨشмششﲩ˿ܼչʮѸ١
ңԶīǣʱĹҲڷһش飬ҶӵĻճǵ֮ûҵӷɣȻصīǣϢ
ǻҶ絽ȥˡ
һʮָ߰꣬ſڵϵʮҵĻһȡ
֪ûбүͷ
˿ͷ絷⣬ڻʱѾ֪ӷΪ걮ѡ
֪˵׵ʱʲô飬ɶǲǵʲôǿߡ
ʮȥˣŭȻɢ˲٣ɥ֮ʹ߳
Ǹүһ·ϲδʲôǿߣҲûʲô𣬸̸ϸ˽ֻ֣ճǵʱүһᣬѾߣʱ˼䣬Ҳû⣬үþǸСӣ˴ʯүõĺü
ҲһһһʮĽһ·Ϸ˵һ飬һֲ©
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֮ү˾͸ȥȵҲδүʱǾ·ȥңһɽϿ˽ֵĺۼδҵүκټ
ԭڹӷʧ󲻾ãҲ;Ѱҹһ飬ӷɱҶ˾ħʣȥҡ
ٵС˭ǲ𡣡
ƺˣһǷɶΪСĶɱŰиȥ
ǻʱ䣬ѾˣòǶ滭
˵꣬ӽָóһͼ滭һӡ
ѧԺĵӣ
ͼϵ·ܿһѧԺĵӡ
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һŵӣʵɱɶһ˰аʱǿɲ鵽п֮ˡ
ӷɿǵ侳ڣҶ㿴Ҳʮ꣬ڣղҲϣʱҶʱǺܴ첻Ǻܾá
ʱ˸үֱǳ·Ҧ˫˶Ǻĵӣ᲻Ƕ˳ֵġ²⡣
ˣûˣȥɣ
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ڸ׵Ҫ󣬹ӲκΥһ뿪˴
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뿪֮󣬹쳯˵һ䣬һڵӰӳˣ·ƾճ֡
ʱ䣬齻ȥ飬ʵ飬ҵ֮󣬽ŴҪ쳯ӰӷԸ
ǣˣ
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122 ս
԰ѩҶʩչȹȥԨϢ죬·
ͻȻ䣡
Ҷ㶨ס壬ΪԶӰסȥ·
Ϊסҵȥ·
ȻһƬƽԭǲùĽͣ˾ǳҶġ
СӣķϻǲԸ˵ɱӷɵ㲻ɱӷɵ鴫ȥϵ˵֪ҵʵɱһֻûʲô
·ȻҶɱӷɵв
ҶɫʱʱսӷɵʱҶиоڸӣѪ֣ҶΪû뵽·Ҧ˫ʱҲڡ
ҲѧԺĵӡ
Ȼ˻ͨ˵·ӸղһҶˣһѧԺӣʱ·һĻ
ûҲǺĵӣĹ似ǿԴӦ㣬һ·
·ҲûıҪԲǧӰûУǰѩǶǺĵӣҶ㲻ŵӣԶ
ǾȻͬ꣬β棬ΪҪõϵĹѧԺĳ衣
Ҷŭ
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Ҷ㵱Ȼ˵Щȫ𲻵κã˸Լʱ䣬ıˣԲᱻԼһ仰ͷ
ȫս׼˭ֻҪע⣬Ҷ㶼Ҫɱҡ֮С
ϻ˵ĻкķŹҡ
ҶЦһֻǰοԼˣܣһ᲻һҲҪɱԼ
˵ûǵȷûдŹ㣬Ȼ㲻ϽǾݹ飬ʩչѻ󷨣ļ֮Ѱ
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˫ϵ·Ҧ˫γһ£վˣҶм䣬Ҷѡ
ȻˣҲûбҪ飬첻ݣ
Ҷȫ±һǿƣս׼ɱУҶ㲻καҪǿ̬ս
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ûҦ˫ڶĹˣһθӿ٣Ʒһ磬Ʒ緢Х֮·˺ѿ
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ж֮Ҧ˫ҪһƽҶ£飬ϳЦ
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ڻҦ˫һ̣Ҷһ磬һӣҦ˫ϮҶҪսپȽһˣΣսС
֪ܲҶ˼ܿ죬·гһǵ򵽵齣ʵʵķǳ·Լƣۿۡ
ŭԳһݺᣬһ񳱣ⷨȻһ㣬ɷŴСҲҪƷʡ
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齣ȻǵͼȻҲó
ǰлҶ㲻ţɱҶ˫ָ֣˲ð˳ҶɱﵣһǰҶ㲻ԸⱩ©ʱΣҶ㽫չ¶
ͻڣָױһ֮渲һָȫҶһ£ͨûԼָ׼Ӳ
ջУָ׷ĳҦ˫ץ˹ȥӰõʵս֮УȫҶӰӡ

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ʮɺָҦ˫ϣѪ׵ıҶƿҺöܼʱûбҶ㿪ƶǣҲһ亹
ת˲֮䣡
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˹ҶݲȣмҲҪǳ·齣Ҷ㹹вҶ㾡˫ȥΪ֪жôǿָˡ
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Ҧ˫ҲһҶķΧСڣҶڸоǭ¿
һһҶȫа֮ڻɱһˣ֣ȫͬ
СӣȰ㻹ǹԹ־ܰɣҵǿԿǷһ·
Ҷ뱻·ʱٴ˵
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ҶһХٶȶȻӿ죬ȫһҪĴ򷨣ҶˣȻҲҪ汳ģҶ㲻ϣԼԡ


123 
ҶٶͻȻӿ죬޷ۿ壬ָлһڵӡǡ
һֻӥѹ£ҶȫҦ˫Ϊ֮УҦ˫ʵԵͣҲûзҶ֮ƣ˽һˡ
·ҲҶͼֹҶͻײϮҦ˫·ĳڹؼʱ֣赲Ҷ㡣
ս뵽˽ţҶ㲻ôײᱻ·ĳˣ·Ҧ˫Ѿ𾪲ѣҶʵȻܿ侳ڣⳬǵ
һ䣬Ҷ˫ֻһߣһƶͻı仯Ҧ˫һҶ˼仯ܲӦһܿ

Ҷܸᣬս˽УҶҵ϶ҲϤҦ˫仯˫ִĸȻץȥֱ仯㲻ܳһ˿ʧʧ󣬽
ҶڶģҲû·ҪսپҦ˫Ҷ˫צԼǰɫ䣬һƳҶȥ
꣡
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Ҷ㹻ǿ󣬵侳޷ƿķǷȵ侳۷壬˲ƿҶ㼡һĿӡ
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Ҷ˵ϣ类У޴󰭣ֻܵһЩˣǵĴһ¾Уϴʹʼ޸󱳵˿ڣ񻯡
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꣡
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·Ѿ޷ݴʱ飬Ҷ㵽ǺҲޣҲ࣬һħ壬͸ħȫɣħ岻վѪѪⶼһԵҶȻֻϲѪ
ҲҪɱҲҪɱ㣬Ȼ֪ɱӷɵ飬Ӳ㣡
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ҪһѣҶ㾭ղһսҶ˴кܴὫɱ
һбһɱУ⽫Ҷȫ
ĻҶ޶ãȭͷһӣߵĽĽ飬޷Σ
һǣƣҶ޼ɵսһ䣬ָһ·ץ˹ȥ

·Ҷ㼤ŭˣǺĵӣȻһŵӱƵϣȥҲ޹⣬΢
ƥĽ˿ռ䣬һڵĻߣǷҪǿࡣ
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Ҷһָʧȡ֮ȭͷһɻȭ֣ȭС
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ȭϣǰеܺͣʮǿ
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䣡
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籩꣬ϷɳʯԲаѩƷɣڻȭ͸񷣬ݺݵĻڳ·ĳϡ
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·Ҳܣһ屬ˣûбҶһȭˡ

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һεǿ񱩣һ磬СʯͷƷݺݵĳ·ȥ
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һ˲ƣܿ콫÷˱Ƶ˶㴰Ե÷һŮŵûʧɫ
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129 Ȳп
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٣ͬʦֵܣ֮㲻Ҫ˽
÷Ը⽫ҶǣҶ㻹һΣӲۡ
˵Ѿˣ뿪
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ͬȥŹ
÷һҶ㶼벻ľȻԼҶ뿪Ҷһ顣
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÷תӳҶ˵

Ҷ̾Ϣһ
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㡭Ҫʲô㲻Ҫ
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130 ӿ
ݵ˲䣬˾תղһ߸ϣŵ˵ѾҶŲ֫߹ŵһˡ
㡭Ҫʲô㲻Ҫ
ٴޱȾֵҶ㿿ղŵľĿҶһɱһΪɱ˶ɱ񣬲пᣬ壬ݣϣκв
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ǶȥúдҶӣͽһˡ
ʱ˵ˣ˼ԣûҶ뿪Լһ˽ʥ


131 
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132 Ҷ
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133 
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Ҷ㱻ʦһ˵ÿЦѣѹûⷽȥ룬Ҷһȡ̤ۣ֮գǰɽ磬ҶĿꡣ
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135 
ܵТɱҶʩչ꽣֮̽һ
Ҷʩչ꽣֮󣬶ԷҲһǿȻﲻɽĵزĻܹŹ֣·йճԡ
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ܹۿЩͻȻվҶַ𾪵ˡ


136 
ͻȻҶ㣬ֱֻһ趯̻ƣˣʦվӣ˫֮Уž֮ɫ
֮Уٳة࣬ڻԵۿһ漣̫׳ˣҶȻ÷Ӱǰ޹ˡ
Ҷ²࣬쿪пգҲ෢ӵأĵͬʱû볤֮Уһ˻˻
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Ԩʦ֮УкܶǿʦƳȻҶַ
ַĲãƣ߾磬ʽ
һ˵ȫųϵĿⶼۼҶϣѵÿľ
ʤ滺Ҷ̫ľȣھĪˡ
ղŵĶעʤˣѾһͱҶʤһͱջܶ׬һͣȫ벻ġ
δһнпܡ
ڴҶۼҶϵʱ򣬳ϵٴη仯ƵĳͻȻâʢ·һһ㳡

ȫһ󾪺ʼչ¶תһ֡
ͻȻɫÿһЩˣӵǴҪһͱⲻǻԸģȻϣԼʯͷԼĽš
âܿʧֻ֮䣬ٴƽơ
Ȼ䣡
Ҷ㲻ԶҲһТַȻһ䣬һһ㣬˿ںꡣ
ڳҲֻˣȻֺܲǸȣԵ÷ζȱ⡣
ҶҲżղ̻ĵƣҶһƽһʱ̻һƣʱĥӦøƱ
꺣֮е̻ǧģҶҲ֮һҪҶ㲻ϵȥȥ似ƣҩƣҪҶһ㽫ھ
ҶȻᣬԼ֪һᱻҶľٶ˼ķȫ񣬲һ˿ģҶ㵹ãһһ߳ʱϤµķġ
ʱϢţ㳡ϵԽԽ٣ʣ»֮һתۼǵʱ䡣
Ҷ׼鵤ȼգҲһʱʱ䣬ʮ鵤Ľȥ
֧Ųȥ˻һܳɹ㣬͵󹦿һ
ʧܵһͷɥ뿪ʮֲʣΪЩ츳ܲڼҲƳֳӣ׳ֲȫ̽䡣
ÿζɹκ˶ʧʱʧһΪ⣬в⣬ʱȵȣ
Ѿȥʱ䣬Ƴɹ۵̱ԭء
ȫֻʣ²һˣʣµЩ˲ʦĴĥѪ뵽֮Уǣɹ
Ҷ㻹ǲż˫ָۣƣ˸޷壬ֻƾоҶ貽衣
ƣ𣿡
÷ߵĿʦʵȫҶʲô
Ҫ˵ȥܣȥÿһ仯ͻ֣ᷢÿһܸܻΪһ壬˺һ
ʦ˵´ҶĽࡣ
ʱҶ̨һƬ̫գȫܲܵĺȲ˷·һƬգܳԼûκ˴ڡ
ǶҶ̻ƾȻҲǿʦ˵˺һԼΪһ壬ֻһӶ޷
һ˶ǰܶ಻ĵط˲ӭж⣬ڳĶǸ֣һ۾ֱܷҶ뵽˶׶Ρ
ٹȣҲ¶ʣ˰ػֱ鸡Щϡ
࣬һϲ
ζʤ˵
ѡĺҲַȣҲһ֮ġ
ʤϲԽҶչֳԽǿ֤лõھ
վһԣɫһݲðһùھʧȥһͱ˵ϻô¶Ҫһݡ
þʣ
ͻȻһȣ㳡һȫ֪ʱΪͻȻĻ
ֻм֪һŭ𣬽֮еҶѹҶϸϸһЩ׵ĵطȻʣͻȻһŭѣϸɱ
񳯵֮Ͽȥÿһֻı飬ʮŭǴʱڹؼʱ̣ܳȥۣҶ㶯ɱ
죬ʲô˼֪Ҷ㴦ڶ׶Σ㾹ȻϣǺξģ
ʤʮŭŭָ졣
˼࣬ղſ̫˷ˣеԣǼۿ
ԼһɣȻ˵Լ̫Ͷˣĺδ
̫ǿʶʲôʱ˷ܣƫƫȵҶʱͻȻϣúݵֶΡ
ʤһıŭˡ
ˣˣλͲҪ໥ˣۿ˷ʱеǼ
ʱֹˣȻƫ̻죬ʤɫࡣ
Ҷ㱻֮ݺݵɨһ죬ȻڲĶ֣һ죬Ҷժͷ­һĶ򣬾Ȼһŭϣκ˶ᶯɱ
ʦҲŭԭΪҶѧһжˣҲǺݺݵĵһۡ
ʱѾ뵹ʱʱ仹һʱų϶ԼʮϸϸĥȡƷһЩ
Ҷ㻹ǲϸϸ̻൱󷨣Ҳ൱ڴ̻Խ࣬ҲԽߣ̻һĵزҲӵǡ
ʵʱ̵ˣҶҲ࣬ɼɷһȣѪըɺɫԣ뵽֮Уַһոµֳ
ӶһͣÿһƷʶͣЩ˶Ԩɫʦ
ʣµʮ֮УҾռˣֱҶ㣬һ꣬Ҳһռˣһˣɼһˣ壬Щȣ·硣
ʱ
ͻȻгһŻ棬Ȼں𣬸Ҷչӷɵͬԭ츳ôߡ
ͨĻıȫһͨĻ¶ޣ޷һЩ治ͬ¶Ⱥܸߣӵԣ绢
ҪΪһʦӵǱزٵĴڣҲΪʲôúԭ
Тַһ䣬Ѫವһ˳ȥϸӡѪΪһ壬һԴӳƳɹ
ֻʣҶһˣʱʣ޼ҶٲѪ飬ʱ䶼ãǿʱ䳬ˣһ̭
˶ȭͷס˺Ϊֻʮʱ䣬һЩ˲վĶᵽɤϡ
ڴʱҶٶȶȻӿ죬Ĳ˼飬ȫӰӡ


137 ھ
ڴҽᵽɤϵʱʮֽΪҶһѺɵҲܿҶƵ˲ͬһԣʧܣ˭ҲԸ⿴
ڴʱҶ嶸Ȼ٣ȫӰӣ·һӰǲҪǮƵãӿ볤֮С
ȣ
ͻȻ֮䣡ҶһȣֱһѪӡ䶯̻Ѫ֮ϡ
Ƶʱ򣬶ǽѪ뵽֮УҶ㲻ͬѪϿ̻ƣѪ鼤޷ŴѪĵȼľڣ似ȼҩȼһҲԴȼ
˵ӤȭͷѪֻԣҶ̻֮󣬾ܱɶԣǸ߳һȻҲǿ١

ǣҶǧӡѪڸΪһ壬ʱҲڵˣҶС

ڳµһ̣ʱڵˡ
ҶɣʤһأҲһ֪󱳶ʪһ飬ղŵոȾˣʮֽţ
뽫ǵı̨ϣͳһ飡
ʮʦʼ볡ӵһʼ֤ڸĲֹһ棬ۺϺܶ棬
ܿ죬Ҳһյʱ䣬ͼʮʮʦޱ飬ƺʮֲ⡣
ߵɼߣ𳤽һʦһ£ʮĵ˵ͷƺʮ⡣
Ӷһϣ·Ҷܿʮʦǹģų֤
ֵТҲһûж˹ȥȵ˺Ҳһʦֱӱܿһٶȫϣʮʦڳƹھм
ʵҿףղʱһ۾ܿھĪʦҲϣ
û֤ǽ˳һ𣬲һţҶĳȽϰʮֹӣһ³¯
ͨ죬·һȼգТâɣʮִۣĥʮֹ⻬ۣТᵱѡһʮࡣ
ʮʦ֤һ飬˵һ˽ۣһ󣬻޷ѡֻٴιۿϣϸܿĶ
Щ˶רҵʦÿһкУһμҪϸµĶ֮࣬в鿴
̣
Ҷ֮󣬾Ȼһǿ֣ɽȥ
ʮʦͬ飬ҶƺͬһԶȫ벻ҶƵһ
ٴ̽һ볤ڲֳڲһ˿ʣӨ͸ɢ󱦹⣬ռʮ־޴Ҳ˵кܴռ䡣
ŽʶТĳ棬ǳȻÿڲ㲻ǻһ˿˿ʣҪǣ沢ûҶ㳤Բ
Ҷ˴ϴĥŽڲĥ赣͸â
ʮһ֮ɫΪҲ޷ȻɴҲ޷һ˿ʲڲôԲ
һ˵ͷʮʦѾˡ
ϸѡѡһεǰ
ͷʦڴ㹫˵ٴα
һα˵Щۿֵˣ֮ϣٹٸʮֽϣ㹫
һεĵҵТᣬƵʮֲдߡ
ʦһܷرҵˣ࣬ȫ벻ҾȻõ
ܣһܣڿһۡ
˷ɣܴźϣ¼һ顣
ྲ
һȵɢǴӵ洫ղŵɧѹȥŭˣʮʦԨˣô
žȺ
ڶ裬ʮԣΨһȱ㣬ַе裬Ѿﵽ˶ʦˮƽ
ʮʦ˵ڶʱҿʼΪҶȻǵһ
ھ
ʦܵѹȥʼھ
ھҶ㡣ƵĳѾǵ֪Ҳµвûȡ
ʮʦʼƣͶѺõƺҪҶúõĽһ
𣡡
߷ŭʮ˷ܣ춼δùھڿüˡ
ɫеѿƺԸܣң䡣
ֻʤЦݲãЦĺϲ£죬ǰһɨա
ʦҲȾˣ˷ܵĺΪҶź÷ŸӵҶ㣬֪Щʲô߸Щʲô
ҲţҪ֤
һȴźТȻҪ֤һ飬ԲԼŻȡ
ѵǵľ
ܾҪʦôϾÿһ춼˲ţɣҲ޿ɺǡ
Ҳʦ۹⣬ıһֽţɱʦ˫ۣ飬֤һΡ
Тỹʦ۹⣬ֻ˵Ҷֽţɱʦϣ֤һΡ
ʮ໥һۣҶ㿴ȥҶޱ飬ƺ⡣
ǺãΪ˹ƽһΣ
Ȼʮʦֻٴ֤һΡ
ʱ䣬ҶĳҪȸղŸԲƺԸϣΪɣ֮ʱƣԽԽǿ
⡭
ʮʦٴǵһǿ
ʮʦ¶֮ɫТǻߣϳЦ⣬Ϊʦ⣬ų־֮ɫ
סȭͷٴ֤֮ʮʦûѸٸ𰸣һϲƺֿϣ
ҶӣղŵҲˣǲԸһΣĳעȥ
ʮʦϼһΣʱҲǶģȻҪ֤Ҫ֤˿
Ҷ𳤽עȥһɽâ͸ֱ񷣬аɾ룬ɢʮ㣬֮һѺý
ˣҶӣ
ʦʾҶջ
Ҷ㽫ջأָֻһӵӣûʲô㣬ϸȥӰشġ
ӣ볤֮У
Тԥ糱ˮһ㣬ӿ뵽棬Ҳһɽâ
죬Ҳа֮ߣеɢ
ʤи£Ǵһһ飬Тǵ侳Ҷ쾳ȺȻҪ߳Ҷ㣬쾳ֳߵ͡
ӣǻü֤ȥ𣿡
ʮʦƺԸңȻҲһδθһᡣ
ҲţҪһ˭ĳʵ
ТȻѡҶ㳤ײһΣõķֳʤЧ


138 
ղʦҶȻѾռϷ磬Ҷ㾳绹ڶ֣֪ҶֻǼһ֪˻θ롣
ТỹǲģΪܴһĺ뻵õİ취໥ײһΣ˭ǿ˭һĿȻ
Ҷӣ㿴
ʦĿ⿴Ҷ㣬һߴңһңʦҪҷԴҪֹϣҶ
Ը
һϳʱТ¶ɱ⣬ҶûкøУȻ֪ܣ飬ҶԺݺݵһ⡣
Сӣ㲻ҪΪɱʦ۹ܹأһ֪ʲô
潣â˸мһյأȻҪ໥ײվ˭ǿ
ȵȣ
ТҪʩչʱҶͻȻֹԷ
Сӣ㺦»üβ͹
ТᷢЦ
֪
εҵĳҿԲ׷ҪײҵĳΪҿҪô
Ҷ㼥һ䡣
𡭡Ҷ˶٣Ȼһ£ҲԳȫ㣬ҵĳǿǿ̫࣬ζҵɣǲӦ⳥
ȻҶղû˵ʱ˵ˣƾʲôТĽŲߣҶҪץȨ
㺦˿ԸңֻҪͿԣα؆£ˡ
ТЦΪҶ㺦ˡ
֪һ𣿡Ҷһܼ򵥣ҿԴӦӣһǿʲôʸҪôҹھѾҲҪҺΡ
Ҷ˵ûҶ㲻ܶԷҪһҲǹھΪѾ˽֣ԷһƣҶĬĬܣⲻҶԸ񣬱ҪԷѪС
ôͬ⣡
ТˣҶҪԼóһЩſϸԼӡ
ҵҪܼ򵥣óʮ鵤ͬһΣ
Ҷ㻹ʨӴ󿪿ڣһʮ鵤
ܴҶľٶҶΪ룬ʱȻвТóʮ鵤ſ໥֤һ¡
Т᲻ãҶǹھȻТỹĴң֣һαҪõھ
СӣǹŹ֣ĻᶼϷŹʵһƹ
ʦЦݣҶľٶĿЦá
÷һĿתǵ͹ʦܣϷŹκһλȡԴĻᣬ˵ƹƺԣҶÿһλᡣ
ϲó鵤ϣ͵û˵ھѾˡ
Ҷȫ⣬ϴŵЦݣһĵӣһΰТᡣ
ʮʦҲû뵽ҶҪһЩ˰ԺЦТԼʯͷԼĽţղŲҪҶ֤һҶҪóʮ鵤ήȥ
ãҴӦʮ鵤ǿԱ𡣡
ТһҧӦҶҪ
ҩ
Ҷ֣ھҪȡ
ûô࣬Ƿʮ鵤𡣡
Тŭô˵棬ȻҪҲҸھʮ鵤ʲôһȡھõĸࡣ
ҲǷ£ְɣ
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ȫעĻᣬĵȴ
֮䣡
ТĳˣһĨǿ⡣
СӣҪ֪ʲôŽ
һȣТĳһƥ⣬ݺݵĳҶ㳤ŭն
Ҷ޶ԣȻվԭأɶԷ¡
СôˣΪʲôѵ֪ȳռ𣿡
Ҷûзļ󣬿ʦʮֽȻֻһײȳֵĿ϶ռϷ硣
ϣ
Т᳤ҪµʱҶ㳤ˣһƥ⣬âײһ𣬷貵Ĺâ̵õ˶˫ۡ
꣡
һʮڹ㳡ϳ֣âס޷壬һص˱ˣ֮󣬷
âܿɢȥûκα仯Ψһ仯һֻʣ°ؽ
ⲻܣⲻܣΪʲôΪʲô
ТǷһԼϵİؽϵĺС
ʮʦεҡҡͷǲϣĽƫƫТ᲻֪ôΪԼǿ󣬲Ļȡ޷ʵ
ûеТᣬҶ㳯ʮʦʩһ뿪˹㳡㳡һϾǰ䷢ھ
ʱĹ㳡ϣ˷ܵĪҵˣرʤһ֮У˴䣬ʧȥһͱת֮䣬һͣƽ׵õһ鵤
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ϲһȡĹھһȡǾһȡڿʼ䷢
һ˶˹ȥТң֮Уųŭ֮ɫ޲ȥҶ˺ҧ
鵤һ似ͷӾ
Т޸оĽӹһöӾƣûһЦ⡣
ڶʮ鵤һȼ似һϴǵͷⲮ
ʮ˷ܣܵõڶѾоǳҫʵһأһҲֵܷʮӣΪǳѵˡ
ھȡʮ鵤һ似һͷ
һĽȻḻر֮󣬽һһ֮Ժݱ̬ı⻹Ҫģ쾳߳ɼʽ侳Щ쾳ĸ֣ôϣܻȡһö
Ҷ˸߲ҵĽӹʳǵʱȡ˶ʮ鵤ТǷԼʮֵõʮҶϵ鵤˲ʮ򣬾ǸһѧԺͨ洫ӶûҶ㸻ԣ
䷢ھ⽱
ٴһβͬΣҳŵȡھŵӦһ飬ֻҪܰ쵽ȥɡ
Լλ󳼶˳վڻԵҶ̧ͷܿڻϡ
˶ס˺֪ҶҪΪԼʲô
ңҾҪӭȢӴԺҲ÷ˡ
Ⱥдһۡ
ûϢĶңҾҪû˵ĵط
һ˵
ֻ÷ʮֽţҶϣʦҲʮֽؼʱ̵ˣҶ㵽ܲܰ÷⿪ϵļ
ʤסҶ㣬ʾҶ㲻Ҫ˵˵ͷϣ²õӡ
Ҷװûڿʦɨһֶۣ÷ϣֺһĨ˸С
ҵҪܼ򵥣ϣȡ÷ӵĻ£
ҶԣʮֻҲʮƽ
ƽȴˣһžʯ˳ǧ


139 
ҶʮƽƽҲǧˣ˭Ҳ벻ҶҪ
Ҳͬ⣬Ҳͬ£
ʱٳ˳ҪֹҶ㣬ԸŻ¡
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ٳˣվڻԵһͬҶҪ
һɨҶ˫ٵϣÿҶ۾ðһɾ⣬پȻȫһһƨ˵ϣҶ˫ۡ
¥ҶٵԺ޵Լ㤣ȻղҶ˫ۣµһƨڵϡ

һ۾ܿҶ㵱깥٣һٵϣֱӱ߷ɣ̧ˡ
ƾʲô֪һӦҪ󣡡
ûֱӴӦǳҶʵ
ΪԨĻ
ҶĻشܼ򵥣ʱٹٶڣҶ㵹Ӧ
ŶҲӦأҺΣ
ŵЦ⣬Ҷܸܵһ˿ɱԣֻһ
ҶرУκһϸ΢ĶҶ㣬Ѹ֪ˡ
ֳһƬž˭Ҳû뵽ô˵ԼŵùھŵһԸھȻҪ
ȷʵκβ㣬ΪԣڿԹˡ
ҶһŵЦ⣬ȡҶ㲻⽫ٰɱȻԷԼɱҶαڹ˼ɶ˭
˵һ̸ʤҶһѺ»һŭֱӻɱҶ㣬ڳûһܾ£֡
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ҶǻһߣҶڶģҶԼ֡
һô˵棬ֻɱѧԺӣðա
ڶҶĹھɱԨ϶һɣⲻҪġ
Σĳ֣ҲֽסȻڲʵںȻҸӲӲһϵе飬Ҷаա
ˣܻȡھһпĶ
Ҷʮֿǻһߡ
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Ҿʮ鵤ȻûʳԣҶ¡
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ҶֵܣҴҸлγҲлл㽫Сϵļж
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Т˫۳죬ûдӸղŵķŭѹ
ģСӻãϵõĶһ³
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ףǸô죬ֻҪɱСӣʲôУ
Ѿ˰ţТһ˿ɫ
һıȻĽУ
ʱúܿ죬תȥˣҶ˴ǳʣһѾڻʳǵʮʱ䣬ҶҪ·һε
Ҷ㣬ȥħɽ·ͨգһ·Сġ
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ʤҪΪҶʮҲܴı֤Ҷ㰲ȫҶϲܾˣϲ˸ߣҲ𲻵á
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һ·ңҶĻʳǽСҶ뿪ʳǲãڻʳһһȥܿ׷Ҷ㡣
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үѾˣǲǿԡ
һҴææڿ졣
ǵ˻ڵʱٶ֣
һ֡
ǣ

㿴ȥ𣿡
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ҿүͻȻǣҲûʣʱӦÿˡ
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ȥ鿴һϢǧﴫҲҪҴ
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ŸмһҶ㣬ٴս֮С


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÷ǰΪԺӴСûкõԴԺгɳռ䣬ǿҶ֮󣬸ıԼʱԴܴһУһ˵ԻԲҪġ


143 ħɽ
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̤ħɽ֮Ҷǰľصı仯жŤģǾɽʯŤʱա
Ҷ㣬Ǳ뿿һŤʱУͻʱŪûһģһˡ
÷ʱҶ㣬ϣ˲Ҫ̫ԶһʱŤ棬˵ʱͻλпܳһˣһڹȥһڣҲһڣһδ
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÷ɫһ죬ԥһ£ǽ˳
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˾ŤĿռ·ߣʱоǰ澰ͳǰʱҶ嶼ǵߡ
˴дʱ䣬ڽħɽħһСξ룬ֻҪħ֮У鿴һ·ӡӡħȻ޷½ӡѺۣħпٴϯ
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ŤĿռʮֲܣ÷ͻȻָǰҶ㣬ǰħ
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һƬҺҶǰ׼ó֣
ɽޱȾ޴󣬲ұ߼ʣҶ㲻֪δͨħ硣

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Ҫţҹûʲô
Ҷ΢Ĺߣ֪ʲôֹ÷
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Ҷ˫źʲôϣͷһһãѸòѪʧͷʼ绯ҶһȣΪ˷ĩ
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ҶҲ⣬ôЩȥˣѧԺһЩɳǰ̽صޡ
ڶ֮УҶҲ⣬·𳾷꣬û˽ļ
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Ҷ㼫ĿԼԼа֮ģ÷Ҫ̫ƯˣϼʮȫɢֻҪ˶޷ܾҺҶ־ǿа֮Ժ
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ָײԾ渲һڵʣҪǰļͳ̶ǿһҶͻȻоԼĺ󱳴һʹ·жҪӺ󱳴ܳ

ҶһһڵĳҶ˳ȻһԳ򣬾ҵʹϮȫ
Ƕħֻ֮еħܳħ֮ҶħȻݱ˶ħ֮ħ֪ˣһǾȣΪҶħʼ棬ȫɢŨħ
վ÷ֻСסֱͣԼ۾ȻĿҶĹ̡
ڲϷŴһ׳ңȫʹʧ
ħħƵٶȶȻӿ죬һƬħƱɽȥһ˿˿ħٱ˿룬Ҷ֮С
һֹͷҶԺ֮У·һԶż䱻ˣЩħħѻɣħȱݻа̫ħ䣬ԶħܵĻǡ
һЩԶŲɣļƬҶԺҶޱ䣬·Լһħһħħף
ԭħȱħ棬Ӵ֮յ֮Ϊа֮ħ
ҶЩ֮ҵħʼԶŵħ岻ǻڣҲѪħȫѪ죬ħʼʹȫףһԽ׳Ϊ棬ݱħ塣
ҶŲʲôʹħʼˣҲΪˣӵǿǣݱ֮ħ巴Ҫȵǿʮ


145 ʱ
ЩļҶ֪ħ巢չʷ
󱳵Ķħ֮𽥷ŴҪȸղִһһ֮ȥԽҶ
⸱ȥһᱻ˵ħ壬ŪûܳΪ˹УҶʮͷʹֲֹħգϾʵ
һʱ䣬ħŷħƱħ֮УȴԺ
ع鵽ģһڵĳɢŨħһ뿪ݣᵱɹܽħɢ
Ĺܿ쵽ΪҶħƵ˲ʱ䣬ܣħĳӡײ
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ռ䷢һҺҶǳϵֻýֱ۲ڷӡϣ̶Լ壬õȥ
ڴʱҶ巢˼飬ǳ֮Ȼӡ˽һ˿ǿ֣ʼҶǳ֮
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ԭӡһ࣬ѱǣǳ֮ɢʼɢӡ·𱻼һ㣬øлڵԼٶˡ
ԭղǷӡٻңҪǳ֮
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Լǳ֮ȡӡøӼ̣ҶΪֵãڲǳˮһ㣬ӿ뵽ӡ֮С
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޴ķӡʼתתһɺ֮·һ嵮
ĺڵȫʧһ˿˿ӡ棬ЩӡǣάַӡתԴȪ

Ҷֱۻδ̧𣬴ӷӡڲȻһǺȻ
ħĿǾǺȻܽȻӡǳ֮ϣ赲ħϮ꣬ȻɢҶղǳ֮мʮ꣬ӡ᳹ѡ
Ȼ֮صһ壬Ҫռôһŷӡ֪˶Žħֵ⡣
֮ǧ֣ħԪаȵȣһ壬ܱ
ȻҶ֮󣬿ʼϴҶ飬꣬ͳͳϴˢһ顣

ҶĲȻϴ֮Ҷޱ飬ûһ˿˴ʱͷͨֲĵطȻʣرҶԼٶ
ⲻ֪һԶħ֮ڼٱ仯ղŻһƬͨȻϴ֮󣬶ħ֮ɢݱ˴ʹ֮ҲǺɫý覡
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ղҶԼˣĻħ֪Ժᷢʲô顣
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ΪʱŤҶ޷ʹ֮Уֻ˫Ÿ·ǣ÷֣ٳħɽǰ
崩ŤĿռʱʱߡ
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Ҳ⣬ʱһεĴڣᱻ͵Ѿʱ䣬Ҳǵص죬ǰ죬ǰʮǰ
תӿʱţҲֱӽδ˸ղŽ뵽ʱ䣬ʱ䷨򣬱˻
ЩѾǽӦָоԼߵĳô߶߲ȥ󲿷Ϊ˹ǽʵǣ뵽ʱʱ֮Уôߣᱻ͵ԭĵط
ҲǺܶѧ޷͵⣬˵Ԥ֪ĳЩ飬ΪԤԼңʵǣ϶Խʱִﵽδۿ鷢չֱʱͻΪֻԤԣԼ
ҶʱҲ飬ʱ˻صһʱǰħɽ
ôҶ㣬ڲǳȥǻصħˡ
÷ʮֽɫѾ
Ҫţǻᰲȫȥġ
Ҷ㰲οһ䡣
ֻüǰһСĶˣⴥʱ䷨
ͻȻ֮䣬˶ͣס˽ŲŵĿǰ棬ֻ֮֮ɫһ򶨵ҶҲδ⡣


146 Բ
˸ղűʱͻ֮󣬲Ҷȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬˶ͣס˽ŲŵĿǰ棬ֻ֮֮ɫ
÷סҶ֣ǰͻȻֵˣҲ໥ǣ֣ûʲô鲨ǡ
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ҶһȣǰȻˣһԼһģһһ÷һģһȫһģӿ̳ģ·һģһ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫˣǣʱз֮Уû꣬Ǹͬ
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ǿǰͻȻˣȻԵɣҶ˹ʩչȭ
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𾪣ҶҲһȭԼȥȫһģһֲ˭˭ֻд֮вֱܷ档
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ȭײһ𣬷һܿռһ󱩶ɳȥ
ҶؿھҵĴϢղһȭȫԼһģһ൱ԼԼ֡
÷ѾԼսһֻȦڿвײ
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ȻǸһģһҶûκ֮飬ֻԼͶӰʱз棬ûǣ壬ȻҪҶ꣬ռҶаħ졣
ҶǵУͻᱻɹȥʱȫ෴õˣҶԸ
ɱҶҲһУ˵ʽȫһҶʲôǾͻʲôĹȫһһʽһѷֳʤ
Ҷ㣬ǱҪսɫϾҪˣƻиǳ֣ȥ򲻿ܣ
÷Ҳ뵽˿ս֮УҪսʤǳѡ
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ɫİϹһ磬ëȻ·뵽˾ɢһЩʱ䷨ҽ棬ʱ䷨Ҷпܸ÷ʱҲ档
ҵսڲݣʽҶȫԹˣ޷ǻˣȥֻܾˡ
ս뵽˰ȻҶְУͬʽƽ⣬Ҳ˰ٴγȫĵҶ㶯ɱ
ΪԼǣҶ㻹Щ̣ǾײҶ֪Էûκ꣬һаħҪаħ
ɱҶ㲻ٵˣԶһЩӰζЩһֱʱз֮Уʱʱȥʣµֻǣմħ֮дħѱħ壬Ϊһͷͷаħ
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䣡
ӡڿкһ𣬷һǿˣһ㲨ƣһƿ޴ٴνҶɳȥ

Ҷ໥ˣʱƬϣҶоԼһͨʱڼٸı䡣
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㡭
Ҷվԭأܿ÷ŬĺԼԼȴ˲Ǵͬһʱգ޷ݹ
ɲɣҶԼǾȻͬһʱգǷ·֪ƣҪҶ㱾ʵҪǿɱһҶ
Ҷ㱩ŭˣҶѾ޿̣һʮֱԼɣǶôһ顣
쫷磬˺ܿսһ𣬸似ӦһδεĳһδεķֿҶѾоǭ¿ΪֵʽһģһҶô仯ֶڵһʱӦ
ˣ
һζƴӵر
ɫȫһɺɫĴ»һϮ·֮С
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һһУ಻Ҷõ֮ӵ壬ŸһǴﵽ˿ֲĸ߶ȡ
飡
Ҷ໥ײһ𣬷ٴηֿ
ҵģ
÷սִܳʬһĶҶ֪ԥˣԥȥ˶Ҫ
ħҳ
ԥҶ㽫ħһǿ֡
ֵ鷢ˣҶƺûһǿ֣ЩռƬ˽
ҶղŲʩչħΪʱ䷨һƬңղãŪԼԶʱз֮Уûκΰ취ֻðһΡ
ǱҶħħ濪ʼգһ˿˿ʼ뵽Ҷ㵤֮УǾȻݻʵҶҲܺЩԼԼﲻζҺֻݻ
ĿռƬǵ壬һҶս
һʰҶħ֮󣬿ʼܿռ䷨ȫսħ֮С
ԭˣˣҶ¶ϲɫ

ҶͻȻһĴЦ
ݺݵ
ҶӿյٶȣĿռƬҶսյԽ࣬ҶԽ˷ܡ
ʱƬпռƬʱƬͳͳ뵽ħ֮УҶա
ǹȥʱƬڵʱƬǽʱƬģսҶڻȻʡ
ħű䣬ڶ䣬
Ҷһ˼ĶȻʱͻȻħűڶ䣬ռ䣡
һǳ䣬Ҷ˴ǳ֮Ѿ˴Բڶǿռ䣬ҶһֱûͷղսʱƬҶһƺħűĺ塣
ʱŤģֿռƬǵһʱ䣬ҶҲֻһֿռƬڲͬҶ˳ǧ֣ÿһֿռһʱΡ
Ҷʵڲħ˿ռƬ֮ĿռȻ޷ŴݱĿռ䡣
쾳Բͻưɣ
ҶһȫĵղյúдڱҶͳͳΪʼս֮С
ħɣܵĿռƬһƬԼ÷ĿռƬսȥ˺ܿ촦ͬһʱΣͬһƬռ䡣
÷ҲҶ˽ȥȻЩ̣ûκΰ취ûֻ꣬һǶѣʱˣаħ
ָ鵤ۿɼٶڼ٣ϵȼգΪҶ棬ʵĿС


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Ҷƿ˿ռ侧ڣܿ÷˻غϣͬһƬʱգʱռѾˣʱ䷨Ǻ޹ɿԡ
Ҷ㣬ǱҪȥʱ䷨ѾˣŪûὫǴ͵ǰһħսʮҲ
ҵĿռ䣬÷һ˿Ҫ뿪
ҶҲֵˣԼղմʱƬԭйɵʱ䷨򣬱òȶʱܱһδʱմ
һˣЩǰߣȻ˸ãǳˮһҶӵ
Щ˶ǻʱзЩǣǱѾΪʱ䷨˱仯ٴλڴͻȥħʴڱ˷ˣħħʬһ޷һֹ
ɱ
飬ЩѾûֻ꣬һǣһЩֻʣ¹ͷһһĳҶƶ
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صʱƬܽȫ뵽ħ֮УǲҲܹԼʱգƬʱУҾǰ
Ҷھħ֮УЩƬһΰļƻҶȻҪþħγԼĿռ䣬൱һ硣
ŽƬھħľϣʱվڣԺҶʵռҲ᲻ϱ
ףɹˣ
ܵһʱƬھħľϣ¶ЦݣҲ֤Ҷ㳹׵Ľħűڶ䣬ռ䣡


148 ǿ
սĿռ侧ƬҶһ㽫˳һھħϡ
СʱƬҲȭͷСһЩָֻ׸ǴСҲֻɡôЩƬҶһһھħϣ齨һµʱա
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ʱһһʧҶҲżѾӽһСʱƬҶһռγ֡
һҶ˫ۣ÷һֱػԼߣʮָж
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Ҷ㰲οһ䡣
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÷˵ɫһ졣
ҶЦһʱദҶҲɵӣ÷Լ̬ҲܸܵõԼ̸ϲûзУ˵Ĺϵ١
˵꣬ǣһȥֵЩﶼʧˣǣ÷ָǣȫ¡
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а˺ܿ촩ħɽ˳һ·ԽüʱգҶԼ˺ü
Ҷ㣬ڻصѧԺ𣿡
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ҲôģȻȥҲؼ壬һصѧԺ
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ǾɲˣѾǣȻǲʶôֻԽǴȥ
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һݣҶ۽ֻɱһڶԷδӦʱҶȳˡ


149 ٴ
һҪ֣ȴû뵽ҶǰˣСĿռҶһӰӣڰ֮йһ硣
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ͷѵ֣һžЩδѵı̣һγѣľһҶݺݵĻɳȥڵ֪
һĶҲҶҳ֣
Ҷ¶ɱŭδɱǣֻǽ˴Ρ
һҲǸ֣һ۾ܿҶʵǿ󣬸ղҶ֣δ壬֪Ҷ㲻ǡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼҵӣ뿪
껷һŭȣһƣȻԲ
ƾҲסҵĽŲҶһǣ÷ֳȥ
껿ҶԼŭȭͷ
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һͷѵǳһ㣬ÿһ˵汬

ܴһҽ
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һԼֱֱۣ۹ͷ࣬İ
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һζĶܣ̸ֱӻؼұӵˣģ޷Ϊǿߡ
Ҷ㲻Ը⿪÷Ҳ˵ʲôҵһջҪϷһ裬Խϵķ糾ϴȥ

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ϳ֮У÷ôòŮӣһۿⳬ˫ȷ·𱻶ԭأ޲ھȥһɫԵӣͷβһ硣


150 侳
÷ʮתӣվҶ󣬲Ըⳬ
侳ҶΰΧһɢЦ⣬ɢâ
վһߣЩ߹Ҿˣ
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ַһըһ㣬һ屬˳ȥڿлһߣѪɣҶһ֮
Ҳʱ䣬ҶΧʮһڵϰ˶֣˶ϽţʧȥսֻһˣҶš˲ӣҲн֮֡
ԭҶѾŹһΣϣʹ˰ݣȻȥɿǼҵүٴҶ㳹׷ŭ齫ɱ
Լл˵ˣⳬϳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫҶЦеæӴ򿪣սơ
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ҶҪɱⳬһǵصϢ侳ѹܣͻᱻ͵ƷɣſͷŹⳬһ
ΪԼҶѡ˺ߣⳬſһˣ侳һ
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лĺ⣬Ϊұɱ㣡
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153 ʷ
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ҪΪֵУ쿪ҪɱңǿЦ֮
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154 صѧԺ
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뿪ͥԺҶص˶֮УΪһ֮Ŵ׼ˡ


155 ƻ
һɽ֮ϣվ档
ʦ֣÷ѾصѧԺһĻһŵӣҶ㣡
Ź˵
ôˣҵܵʧʱˣΪûһͷ
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һӦȭĵȼ߱ʽֻΣʱʹãΨһõֻѦ츫ȭȭΪǺ似Ȼ޴ΪУҶϸϸ
似϶Ҫܶʱ䣬Ҷûôʱ䣬Ҳһʡ
رǸ֮٣ȭܴﵽȭһϡ٣ȭ̫һı©öҵᣬܲһֱ߱ʽȡʤȲͬʽֱɱˣǲ׼ɱ˵ġ
Ҵڼ䣬ѧԺ߲㶼֣ҶҲ̫֪߱ʽܣ֪Խ࣬Ȼܵ죬Ҷ֪Ψһİ취ȭĵȼٶȡ
Ҫ似ĵȼַһҾǿߣ޸似ʽϡ
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ȥˣȥĶһЩ似˳һԪ鵤ã
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ŶҵҪôҲƽϣѵڳֽǴˣҲҼƽ𡣡
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׷һĴЦΪЦЦһ㣬ȫͬ
Զһ䳰ȷͬͬһʮߣ֪Լ˲Ƕ׵Ķ֣ҲԷ
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ҶѾ˽ȥղŵһĻȭͷ˳ԱҲЭʮָж


156 
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ͥԺĴʦҲˣ
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157 ֮
ڹŵ似صȫչ˲۾ΪԼΡ
ͥԺĴʦҲˣ
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Ҷ㽫ħϣܶʩչôҶɣ޷Ҷ㡣
鶯üΣ޷ȭͷһݣһųҶСҪѡ

ҶЦԷ̧ȣһ̤ڶ̧ȵһ̣ҶѾ˷һźݺݵڶ׵Сϡ
꣡
һˣҶȻһŽ׵С߶ˡ

׷һĲҽֻܵŶֻҶסˣѲСȱϣϳʹ֮ɫ
ЩǿһһҶ㣬ղվڶЩĵӣҶȭŽ׸㶨¶һȻ֮ɫȥ
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ͥԺҪˣϾŵӴȵӣŴʦֱ˴УֱһЦ
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ղǵֳˣһɵͷױҶУʱ˷ܵĺ
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ҲҪ룡

ܵ˷ʱ䣬ҪӽʮԸˣôǿĴʦ֣ԺںҲӣ벻۸
ЩҶûйϵˣȻɴͬȥʼЩһʶȥǼǣܳͳһ䣬˿Իñӻ˷һһٿ鵤飬õ˷Դ
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鵤ں϶ɣ溬дʺ侳ա
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һˣҶЦһȫ⣬֣ûм֣ŵЦ⿴
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һ˿˿ע뵽棬ѪҺʹ༸ʹ

һҽдһﺰ޷˺ѷεʹ
˵˭ģٲ˵ʹ
Ҷûŭ̶Է꺣Ϳȫһ̱㱻Ҷŷ衣
ǡʦְɱġ
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159 뺣
ϣҶƺˣֲס
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˵꣬óһύҶʶ͸ȥҶܿ˽⡣


160 ޼֮
汻˿̻һЩ棬Ҷʶ֮󣬺ܿ˽Ŀġ
һεǰĺǰ޼֮Ǵ󺣣ɳĮ֮ҲΪ֮ȥɼɳĮ֥һϡʮ󣬰꿪ÿһܶۡ
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ôҾõˣϳȸҽһ£һǶһµĳԱλҶҶ㣬Ҳεͬ顣
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ЪϢһʱǺķֲһ˰ʳ
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Ҷ㱧һȭڡ
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˴Ű·̣ǰһһ޼ʵĽɫɳĮ̵ǿˮһ㣬Ϯ侳ֻó֣˵ֵ⡣
Щ侳ʱѺ䤱ֻҶκ鶼ûУʮˣΪ溬һ˿֮Ҷսħ֮С
עˣ޼֮


161 ɳĮ
̵ôҷ·ڻУ޼֮Ϊ֣֮йҶ˫̤ϵһ̣͸оˣ¶ߣϿϡԪǣ޷档
һ֮أһֵĶֲܿܶһЩɳĮڴ
Ȱ
һеͲסӺ꣬óˮԴƴĺȡ
ҽʡһˮԴǻкܶ·ҪߣʱˮԴ㣡
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ɳĮ֮һʱ䣬Щ˿ʼܲסҪϢ
ͣӣЩˣŵɨһۣʵߵֱҶ㿴ʵͣȫգȻ߲࿴һۡ
Ҽ򵥵Ϣһ£Ǽ·ȡɼɳĮ֥ɳؾ
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Ȼ侳ܷУЩɳĮг򣬷еĸ߶ȴмңץᣬɲǼ佫һ˲ʳһա
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ǸղߣΪƨɱɳĮϹߵٶȴɳĮϰΧסˣһȫǣ˲ֻʣɭɭ׹ǡ
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߾Ȼûг־ôҼ·
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һɫ磬Щһһŭȣһӣһɿ񱩵֣ɹɳĮϸɳȥʱһƬ
ҶǰһƬɳĮϣܸܵǵһɨһǿֱϳŷȥǰǳһεͭǽڣЩɳĮ޷Ҷ㲼õĻǽķʬһƬ
ʮֻңնɳĮҶ뵽˿ս֮Уֻи߻м侳ԺһЩΧһ֣ǰɳĮ޷֮󣬾ͱԪɱ
侳ֱշмʮ֮ߣɳĮ޷ЧܿƬ

һҽУһ۷ߵɳ֮У˲䱻ɳûʧ
Сһ㣬޼֮鲼ɳҲ޼֮ɳĮһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ȥʮ
Ȼ侳ǵصɳĮϣȫûκΰ취ԼףҪˣǳѣÿʧһˣĺ󶼻⳥
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ͷǻͭһĶһˣҿгһͭÿһΣͻ棬ǰɳĮ˲䱻ս
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ҿΪ˿һ·ʣʮ˿ͨڵҿǧ׾룬ŽɳĮ˦һ۵
Ҷûиоôװ۵ӣ˾Լࡣ
޼֮˵Ҳ֮أǶҶ˵·һȻ⣬Ҷ֮Ļʢ١
ҼһƣϢ·޼֮ǱΣǱСǰ
Ѵң޼֮ˣǳʦ
Ϣһһٴ·ղŵ֮󣬴Ҷ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ䣬ûгʲôΣգֻһЩɳĮǣмܵһЩˣδ
עˣǰǳɳĮ֥ĵطһͷɳĮػСĿ취֥ժ
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Ҷǰ濴ȥǰңһƬޣȫ벻޼֮޴ڡ
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ɳĮ֮УҲϲȺӣһ㶼ͳ죬һͷͳ켸ͷͨɳĮ档
޲Ǻܴ󣬴ǧ׳ǧ׿ңм仹һȻˮɫɫ½ϳֲЩֲﶼɳĮ٣ҪСЩֲǶԣܹࡣ
֮󣬴Ҷͣʶɢȥе֮С
Ƿֳ˭ҵɳĮ֥ţһʱ䳷ˣǧҪĶһɳĮǶѳȥ
߿ʼ֣ʮ˷ֳݣҵ֥ٶȴӣҴҶһҲɳĮע⡣
Ҷҿ˻һ߷ֵһҲȥߴ˴мȥ˴ȥм롣
Ҷ㣬Сһ㣬ǸоԾôô㷢ûУû޻ĺۼ
ҿסҶ㣬ʱҶ˵ǸоԾ
Ҳˣƺƽ
ҶҲ⣬̫ƽˣôһƬޣӦ޵ã󲿷޶ȡˮϢﾲġ
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֥ɳĮֲɳĮˣ꿪໹ޣ̷֮󣬹
ǰһ׵ľ룬뵽֮һشһƬֲͣУһſžεضɳĮޣرǿգӪһá
Ƿͷȥңȡҵ֥
Ҷ˵һ䣬˷ֿǲ̫Զ
һ֮ߵһƺûз֥䡣
룬֥Ʋǽȥ
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ܷ·꣬濪ʼζԶɳĮǵأǻȳһ㣬׷׳ɳĮӿ
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һƺʶ˲ԭô޶ˣǽһ׽


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Ҷ˴󾪣û뵽޵ļƣ޵һ磬ῪǣһЩ˿ࡣ
޸࣬ޣͻῪǣޣɳΪħ֮Ǵ󿪣൱һ
һͷħ޸侳࣬߼ħԱ侳Ͼǻޣ޸ǿֲ൱侳ߣ߼ܴﵽ侳زɻΣԱģ
ܷ޻һǵصĳɳĮӿ룬ͷൽǽ֮󣬽ްΧ
ǿȥҪԵ
Ҷ㿴ҿ˻һߣֻ֮ɫһ˳ɳĮĵشǰ
޳ٶȺܿ죬תۼĹͳ֮УسǱƽһǴ˼һ㣬Щֲﻹо޷ֵǵĽŲ
ǿߣҶϺ󣡡
ҿٴγֻͭһ棬ٱ޸˻ȥ
ҿ˾ȻΪ뿪ԼֵޣҶй۴ãû뿪ߵãһʱˡ
Ҷҿ˿Цһʱ̣֪˵ıԣЩֻԼ
ûߣҶһͷɳĮսһһȭݺݵĳԴȥ
飡
ѪĽͷɳĮԴҶ࣬ĲҶˣȭͷеһָ̣ײ֮УɳĮ֮о
޿ʼˣǰ̣ǰ޾նɱʮͷޣҶоͷƤ飬ԶԶһͷ
ȻÿɱһͷޣҶ㶼ǵľѪôޣɱҲɱ
ܿ죡
ԶҲ˴ģսҲ뵽޳֮УһŭҲзһǲѷˡ
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ҪţҸһǰ
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Ǻܿ죬Ҳӿޣκλᣬƴĵֵһͷޣи޳
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ҶҲδ⣬屻ɳȥһѪȻನɨС
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Ҷ֮󣬿һһսһֻܿΧɱһЩСޣΪս

һҽ֣ղŸҶͬе߱һͷҧ˸첲Ѫעʱ޸ԽȥĲ
սԽԽңѪɣ侳ҪɳһڿգͱһȺӥ˻޷ȥ
ӥһޣצ죬УҲһѪһͷӥ൱侳۷壬ڿУͬľ磬в
γĵֵֻڵϿ֧ţΨһİ취Ǽи߻ɳĮ棬忪һͨˡ
飡
߷ŭˣһȭһȭ侳ѾǣһЩشÿһȭܴһռ䲨ɳĮȻʵǿƶٶû죬ֻܹܳ
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ߵͻȻһһ貵ĹâɨǧȻǷ
ޱȾ޴ҪǿʮֹҪǷܴС
ʩչɱһɳĮᵽΣգһˣܿ档
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߲ٿСڿն𣬶ʱϰһ˼顣
ҶС۵һ̣гһɨȻҶȥ䵽֮ϡ
ڴʱӥ˹ҪҶҪӥһء


163 ص׹
˭Ҳ벻ǧһ֮ʣϰ廹Լ˽˶ԹҶСֱۣ½ֱ䵽֮ϣһɳɱӵϳ𣬺ܿͱӥûˡ
СڿգҪѾˣնӥϱŭɳĮ棬Ϊ
˶ݺݵĵһϰ壬һνӣջأĵСϡ
ϰ壬úݵֶΣһͬǰȻͬ֡
ҿ˸Ҷദ죬һЩ飬ʱϰ
ûǳͬˣô㲻ǲҲȻȻ
ϰʮֱ䣬Ҷƻȥûκ֮ɫ
û˵ɫʱ׷ϰѾûκ壬ҶС㿴ϵˣڱȥʮȥӦôС㽻
ҶվڵϣС۽н룬ʧ֮Уһɳɱϱɱ֣˹ȫ
ɱ
޾޳Ҷ˹侳ɳĮһָӹһٿظޣһһ㳯ҶѹԼ˿ڣ˼ʧȥųս
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飬ʽҶʩչ꣬ĴЩϣ֮һƬ꣬޵ʬѾѻɽ
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޵Ķ֫࣬ͷ­ڿз裬ѪڿС꣬ĵϡ
һޱҶķʽѹȥ޾ˣҲηҶɱˡ
ɱѱѪǣһһλ䣬Ҷ·ѾΪѪɫһƬɺ죬޵Ѫɺ˫ۣ·һɱһ޵ɱ
ղɱĲͨޣǲǺܸߣǺǿȥ
ʮ֮󣬵ٴλζڶĳˣһһɫħޣͶǵ侳ңм仹Ӵ侳ޡ
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ʱһһȥҶӿʼϣıɾ޵ʵԽԽǿЩ侳۷ޣسײ
飡
Ҷ߸𣬱һͷ޶иڿ׳а׾롣
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һѪûʱ˼óѴѵĵҩ̷ȥ޸ƣΪֽΧ
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һУָսһ
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ӷĹдȥצһ˺ѣһͷޱץǳ
飡
צΪȭһȭݺݵĻһͷ޵Դϣʱ䣬ѪƽҶܸܵǰʹࡣ
Ҷûа취ѡֻһ·壡
վԶɳĮԻı飬ƺҶսˣһ֮⼸ǧͷ޵ΧֻǱײˣצһС
ˣһͷޣɳĮ·ҶϿԼӰӣҰްԣצɺѪı飬һһ
һʱȥˣҶڼģ޾Ѫ䣬޷ֲ治ʼһʹء
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Ҷˣħ˳Щͼ˲䱻սȥھħ֮ըΪѪһſѪˣ֮ܽ󣬷Ҷ֮Уѷõ˼ָȻǱˮн޷ʱ仺⡣
ԲޱҶһգԶ޶ͣס˽ŲҶǰֵĺڶƺˣǰһˣȴ
𣡡
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ⲻǺǵص磡
Ҷʮ𾪣ǰںζԵιȥ
ǺܴҲа׿ľ룬ΪˮߣٶȺҶ㻨ѺܴεԵ
һ޴ĺڶҶǰ·һԶ޵ľ޿ڣһɹ֣ҶȻܿƣųڶιȥ
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Ҷ˲ʧȥ֪ݺݵˤڵϣֱӻԹȥʱһһĹȥ

ҶоԴҵʹԴûˣ˫ۣ漴һãȻ֮ɫ
Բۣ
Ҷһվܾ޴ռ䣬ȫڵص֮£һ硣
һƹһĽǽ֮ϻ̴·Ҷȫ໭ģ޵ıʼǣ޵һ̶ȣῪǣӵԼơ
㣬㣡
Ҷӣܴȫë״󿪣ĵط˹ȥ


164 ֮
Ҷ֮󣬴ã֮ɫܣȻһ¹סΪʮֲִڣǽڿ̻һЩƣһĹѨ
ͻȻ䣡
ܴ飬·ܽ˵궼ܹҶתӣɢĵط˹ȥһ߳СڲԶ
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ҶĶСϣһԭɳĮ֥
첽ɳĮ֥߹ȥɳĮ֥Ѿӽ죬ʱժͻ䣬ϣΪɳĮ֥
߽֮󣬷СϽ֥Ө͸ΣҺ·Ƥ̲סȥҧһڡ
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ҶһҺ̷ڲ̷ʱ򣬿һ쾳̷֥Ϊ񱩵ὫԼ
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ǰһ޴ʯţҶְ»أʯŻ𣬷ǵ·ζһϷ䡣
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ħҳְɣ
ҶЦúϲ£죬û뵽δѲõɳĮֵ֥õ֮ǣÿһ޷ıϵҶԺ
һ޴ĺڶˣҶȻҪսħ֮Уָ϶޷װ£ֻоħſԡ
޴֮ŲǵȻʧͷɽܵϵһ޷ֿͷǰҲǸ߼ޣ侳޼
䣡
Ѩ֮ҲıҶ˾ħ֮Уһڵħ֣ʼ֮ǡ
ͣ
Щħȼ֮ǣ޷ֻĥÿһ֣ͻᷴһЩǿʣҶ֮УڽҶĹͷѪ

Ҷ³һһʱ䣬ҶŽ֮սħӴ֮˾ħĿռ䣬ռһҡ
ףʲô
֮ʧҶ㳯ղ̾ĵط˹ȥһɫĶ


165 ɱ
սħ֮УĹѨÿտյղĵطһɫâ˸һѽɫɰԣ
ɳؾ
Ҷ㷢һû뵽ôɳؾаٽң㹻켸ʮҶð⣬ӣ˫𣬷ɳؾǳ
úúãĲУȡɳĮֵ֥õ֮ǣڻõɳؾֱǴգ
ҶǶЦˣܰȫȥҶƾɳĮ֥֮ǣȫ侳۷壬ϻö侳ûκѶȡ
Ҷ㲻żһͣʱ̫ˣ¸ȣҶҪɳĮֲ֥̫֮Ǹ޷ֻܵȵ侳ʱˡ
ҶҪһʧͻƣ
óһָҶ㽫ٽɳؾսȥưٽ㣬Ҳͼңɳؾʮֳء
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䣡
Ҷ󶼱ɳк£糹ûҶ뵽ɳ֮У˳ɳζֻñסƮԶ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶоȫůģմ̹䵽Ҷϡ
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ϰ巢һЦ֮Աǣűĵȫ⡣
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ٵһ죬һ֮Ҷ㲻ܻ뿪
ƺеŭ⣬ûɼ˵ôˣ鲻Ǻܺãסȥ
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ſʹ֮ҶջУ޼֮㣬ҶҲ֪漸ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣУҪʩչϺܶࡣ
ףǰڴ򶷣
Ҷһ߻УҲڹۿ棬ͻȻǰͷڴ򶷣˹ȥ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
Ҷ¶˾ϲ֮ɫȻһڸɳĮ潻֣ͷʵͣڵ侳۷壬һڵص£һƤ񣬴ǲֺתۼĹͷ޻ˡ
ҶҲżƯڿУͷ໥򶷣ȵܾ˵ʱڳ֡
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ͷԽսԽңĿʼϢŤһ໥˺ҧҶ㿴ˣͻȻѹ£ȭͷֱֱȥ
ͻȻ͵ϮһʮУȻſɳĮ泯ɳȥֻҪص֮£Ҷް취ɳ棬ٶȷǳĿ졣
Ҷܸᣬòһʧȥˣҵ֪ȵ£ɳĮ棬һ䣬ݺݵĻڻϡ
飡
ѪĽҶһȭڻĺϣۼױ飬һ󶴣Ҷһȭ㽫ᴩ
Ǵ棬ǲ棬㣬ͷ֮һԴǣͼ⣬رֻ㣬ٰܿǶɳӣڵǰС
׳ңβһҲǹҶʱβһɨҶ˹ʮ֮졣
󣬾Ȼᷴ
Ҷһ䣬ܿ˶Էβͺɨ
ץ˻ᣬವһ޼֮ȥҪܣ˼ɲϵƣѪѽɫɳȾ졣
ɳĮʶãҲವһܵûӰˡ
ҪߣҶŭȭһɨһɿԵƳ֣һȭڻղߵĵط
䣡
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飡
滹׾룬ͻȻһɾ޴Ʒ岻ܿƣವһɳ˳ɵ˿С
Ҷ㽫עһȭ֮ϣѣ׷ȫܣԲʮ׵ľȫסһȭȥȻ뼸׾룬Ҳ޷ӿ
ڿзһĲҽȻҶĴɳ˳Ҷһ䣬һȭݺݵĻڻ֮ϡ
ģ
һγɥʧжɳϣĴŴҶ㻺ȫţǰôǿѾ棬Ǳɳ澾
ΪӽɳҾͲܽ㾾𣿡
Ҷݺݵ˵һ䣬ղŽɳ˹ҪӴ֧֣ҪֶΣǼʮ׵ľ룬γһεĻǽû޷
һץɱӴָ˳һƿҶֱһ̽䣬棬һİľѪͲ档
ͨѪҺ޷̻ƣֻİľѪſԣҶóһƿСĽİпʳʮʺɫѪҺʮŨ

ɼϣҶ㽫սħ֮УħವһΪҽ뵽֮С
ٶȥҪһʱ䣬ҶѾһˣڵʱ䣬Ҳ֪뿪ûУ뿪ˣҶ㽫ҪԼлȥŪúѸڱȡ
ಣ
Ҷڿնһͷӥչ𣬳޼֮ıԵٷȥǣգ֮䣬ҶӰʧ
ǰѾһʱˣǲǸóˣСӲˣ
ϰе㲻ͷѾһʱˣɫһʹҪ뿪׳ǣÿɳ죬ȱˮԴҪϴ趼ǳѣ
һʱ䣬̾Ϣһʣļ˳ķȥ


166 
һˣһ𳯴ȥϰ֮⣬˽ŲȽϳأһʧˣкܶ඼һһЩ棬һȫ޼֮
֮ϣһӰһ׹⣬Լٶӽ׳ǣ֮󣬵һǳ
Ҷ㽫·һʱˣǰһʱûʹ֮ҶٻҪһʱܸϻ
߿һԶӴָóʮöƷʯֻƷʯܼ󣬽ͻճǡ
·ʼ˸֯һģһڴζһ⻪˸ǰһͨѾ򿪡
ǽȥɣˣ
һθ߷ˣкһôν봫
ҿ̾Ϣһ̧ŲһȥȻΣһֲһ˵Ĵ
ڴʱһ֣ӽֵһӰӻΪһ磬ϵĻɳٵĳķ
ǿ쿴ʲô
һ߷ͻ磬ֵϿȥΪɳ죬ȫɳӰҿҲͣס˽Ų
һ֮ʧһӰڸߵǰɫһɱ⡣
Ҷ㣬ˣ
ҿ˵һҶļҶͷʾ⣬ϰ忴˹ȥ
Ҿ֪û£һᰲȫų
Ҷ֣ҿʮָˣ˱Ͼս
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Ҷָϰ壬ָðһɹɺ⣬ɱ죬ɫɷҶۣ֪Ҷɱ˶ˣܾ۳˻ɱ⡣
һûֹҲû˵ĿһУ߾Ȼ˳Ĭ
Сӣû뵽ôǿ޳ܻųҵϣȻˣҲɱһΡ
ϰʮ䣬ӴҶˣ˱زᷢһս
ҲܿӴȡʯֹͣ͡
û뵽޳ܰȫųɣΪиҪɱ㣬㳢ζ
Ҷ㴽ݺ䣬ܵĿͻȻȴ·ҶȾˡ
ȷʵû뵽Σһｫɱ
ϰҲоˣ˵ǲ棬Ӹ߳Ĭ̬Ĭ֮
ĿԴɱңҽƤ
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ȻҲȲҪɱңαطϻƪְɣ
Ҷһȭͷǵڵ˳žŸߣ͵֫ٺȫըԵʱܻһС
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ϰһѧˣٳֿȭֳֳһбãҶбĽ˺ѿռ䣬˲ִҶǰ
ɣ
ϰ忴ԼѾҶǰٲܴҶ棬ϳЦ·𿴵ѪŽĳ
Ӧ㣬һĶƾҲң
ҶЦһȭͷһ䣬ץȥ˭Ҳû뵽ҶķʽȥƽԷʽⲻΪ
ҿҪѣϰĳǶȰ뷨ֿȭȥãҶ̫ˣҪҲˣѾҶǰ
ϣ
һ󲨶ŷһײ˿У䣬Ҷһǯӣεץס
ץסһ̣ĳһǿɢȥϵĻɳǱһ紵Բʮ׵ĵطɳһɨգ¶ɾʯ档
㡭
ϰһĨ֮ɫƺû뵽ԼĳȻҶסˣԳֵ״ֱ̬ǲ˼飬ѵ˫ǽġ
ˣ
Ҷֱһ𶶶һɺˮŭˣ˳ųϰֱϷɹ
ҳͿûˣ
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Ҷ㣬֮꣬УȥҪСģ
Ҷ˲ʧҿƺʮ˽ϰ峤ϵİأʱѣϰݺݵĵһ۵ҿˡ
Ҷ⣬һ˵ôֵĶڷȥⲻǸԼħе
ռޣ޷̫ħȣһΣħԼռ䣬κζֻһЩҲһ֪ŵ
Ȼһ֮ö귢һǿ⣬һȵ˳ųҶ㡣
Сӣȥɣ
ͷųϰ巢һЦǳ̵ֲĻߡ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ԼʮҶ񱩣壬񣬾ħ֣ɹȫգҶˡ
ΪƾһССɱң쿪ˣ
֮ҶǴһ˿䡣
ϰһȫ벻ôɣҶȻκβʵѵҲķ
ܣһװǻƣһܰȻ
ϰΪҶװǻƣװû˵ӣʵѾԼɡ
֪ȻҾ
Ҷֱ֮ɫ̺һŷȥΪһ֮˳Žγһ£⣬ʮֺÿ
ҪҶоŸÿһһ̬ڼɢͬɫ£ʼɫӳɷǺÿ
ô
ҿ˰ľȫ벻Ҷһ쾳Ĵ˵侳ȫϳ߸ʶ
ҲԭҶһֱڲ׾޳ҶҲδչֳǿʵǸϰ彻֣ǻǱڹ
۽ǳ˳飬ƺҲţҶ嵽ʲôɵģܳôű
ٴηһâʼҶ㷴ɹյٶȿ죬Ҷ㷴ɹٶȸ죬˲佫յٶȴ
Ҷ糱ˮһ㣬йբĵ̰ӣĺˮʼŰһУϯء
ϰɫ󾪣ֺȻ֮ɫ㳷Ҷɢ׾ˡ
볷ڲ𣿡
ҶЦһͻȻһɳϫݺݵĳϰײȥ
飡
ϰоԼһƴݺݵĻĿϣֱӵȥһѪ


167 ݺ
ҶϢһͷˮޣһ˺ѿ˳ųݺݵĻϰĿϣһƵ졣
飡
ϰǶߵķݣڿзԶȥ
ϰ屻ɵһ̣ҶҲˣսָ棬һͷӥ£һȭݺݵĳϰȥ
꣡
һĹͷ֣Ҷ㲻ϰκλᣬ廹δصһ̣ȭͷؿϣϰ߹ȫϣǵ
ۣ
Ѫڿз裬ڵϣϰڵҳһο״
䣡
ϰʯϣ񾪺ԼôˣҶһиˡ
˭Ҳû˵ĿһУ﷢࣬ҶչֳʵǸо˼飬ʼ˼ײ
ǣ
ҶҽŲϰؿϣЩѵĹͷһ𣬷۵ϰѣ亹ֱ
û뵽ɣᱻҲڽŵ£
Ҷ¶֮ɫһۣŨŨĳҶڽеԹй
СӣҪɱҪ㣬Ҫڼˣ
ϰ֪Ҷ㲻ܷŹԼֻһʹ죬ܸʹࡣ
ʹȥ
Ҷһôôʹȥ
㡭
ϰһѪɫҰס
㺦Ҳ޼֮ôҲ㳢֮ǰʹ࣡
ҽŲϰϣݺݵĲȥ
ǡ
Ƹʯ淢ĦĹͷһϿѹɷĩ

ϰ巢һҽУʹιȥ
ҽ̧ѪģһƬϰֱҶȱˣѲ״
㡭ħħ㲻ˣаħ
ϰ巢ҽУϵйеԹ
˵ˣҾǶħͷСˣȻ㶼˵ˣôҲһζħһ±ħĥζ
ҶںԸˣҪ̣ǳ׵
ۣ
һѪϰȫҵʹȴޱȵҪܣҶεĿ壬
һҶ֣һҽеļУϰѱĥĲΣѪӿŭҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬һʹɣ
ҿʵǿȥˣҶĥַòпᶼ޷ݣֱ˶ƫԴֱӣϰһʱҿϣҶһʹ죬ѾͷĲˡ
ˢ
Ҷˢһҿ˿˹·һ̵õҿһ𣬽ŲһȻ޷ֵҶ
赲ߣһ³
ǵҿˣҲ޷赲ҶĽŲ
˭赲Ҷ᲻ϧһдҲҪɱҿæ죬ţֹҶĳ֣ΪҶղҰһ񣬷·˵꣬ӸղŶ֮Ув̹ǵĺϮҿȫ
˼ĬֻܾĿš
Ҳȳ࣬ҶеԹ޷йĲˣȻҶø֮ԼɳĮ֥ɳؾĨϰݺ飬ǴˣǴɣҶɥ޸
ҡɱҰɣ
ϰȫҵʹܴ֮У޲ȥ
ΪôʹķŹ𣿡Ҷ㳰
㡭㵽ôܸһʹ졣
ϰȫľ󲿷ֵطʧȥ֪ҶŹҲǷһ
ǣ
ҶҽŲϰϣͷǵҶһĽѹȫͷһϣܷһʹࡣ

Ĺͷʼѿϰ巢ĺУǵҪ͹ļ尾˺ѷΣ͸ǿԶѾӰҿֻܶԶۿ
ɱҰɣܲˣ
ϰȫʼ鴤ҵʹѾ˼ޣôĥȥƻܿ
Ҷ㣬ɱɣ
ʱ˵ˣ˭ҲҲԣΪĺĻͷˣʱվ˳ϣҶ㽫ϰɱԹҲɢˡ
ˣ
ҶеԹòˣֱһһƽϰԴ࣬һĲˡ
ɱϰ壬ҶȫɱָһģȫܸղɱҶϵһ
ʱ䲻ˣ߰ɣ
ûڵϵϰ壬кһҶ㣬һ˳ȥ
һ⻪˸Ҷֽ½ͨʱ䴩ٴλصճǣʮʱ䣬ѧԺڱȵֻʮˡ
صճ֮󣬸߻ȥһ֮Уһʱ֮󣬸۷Ȼûɣÿ˻쵽ö鵤Ϊһεǳ
Ҷ㣬СҪһ棡
˴ˣʱҶ
·ɣ
Ҷصճ֮ʱʮ󣬲뵢̫ãϾڱȵԽԽҶҪȭһȼҪ
֪ѧԺϾҪμڱȣҲ뵢ʱ䣬ʵŵڱϣһܴʣʱĺҲμӣϣܸҴľϲ
뿪֮󣬸߶Ҷ̬ȷһЩ仯Ͷˡ
ҶЦЦû˵ٴϴλ͵ķ䣬ѾȺ
Ҷ
Ҷ֮󣬺վӣ˷
¹ˣ
ΣҲûǰ־ִ٣ʮֻ͡
߻ʵˣҴҶӵǸ飬Ǻʧְ
ΪϰǸϾϰĺ󣬳飬ĺвжΡ
¹ͲҪˣѾȥˣ˵ҲΡҶ˵
ҶӴ˴Һ±ʾмĺĿ䳤ƣҶԺĺĿ䳤ˣÿ¶õӦԴ֪ҶܷӦ
гһöƣ߽ӹ֮󣬽ҶС
²ʰɣ
ҶûǷϡ
ҶӾͲҪܾˣԺʲôҪҶӶԮ֣䳤ûʵԵҪ󣬲κԼܶı㵽طֻĺ㶼ܵӦΪЧܵõȨֶΪ
½ҶĹ˼ȫνĿ䳤ϣ峤ϣûʲôʵԵҪ󣬷ҶʮֻԺʱ򣬶μӡ
ȻˣҾͲˣ
Ҷһ£ˣԺ⻹鷳ĺʱö䳤ƣԺҪʲôȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
ӦøлҶӣǰӣԺĺ󣡡
վӣҶ˹
ҶҲվ±һȭʱ䲻ˣһҪϻѧԺͲˣڣ
ڣ
±ֵĲһͨŮӣʱ򷴶ǽŮûһ˿ࡣ


168 ̻
뿪ĺҶͣ㣬һʱ䳯ѧԺȥλȥ֮ҶҪ̫ˡ
ҪȭȼҪҪһʱĥϣܲܳɹҶ㻹֪
ʩչӰпգɣת֮䣬һɽͱҶ˦ں棬һߣӰ
Ҷ뿪ãһڵӰӴ֮г֣ȫڣһ顣
ȵСˣΪʲô·Ҧ˫ʧˣһʱˣȫʧȥ˵ϢһСѡ
˿ٸȥһʱ䣬һֱ̽ҶϢû뵽ҶȥħɽӰڲŷҶټ
ҶٶͻȻΪǰִӰֻ÷Ųǧ֮ĺӰƺҲˣŲ
Ҷʦ֣ҲǻѧԺ𣿡
ЩҶ㲻ǺİŵӣвٵҲͥԺģһѧԺȥ
Ҷ֮ܶѾ˽ҶĬΪͥԺŵӴʦ֣ʵҪȶǿüʮֹ
ûҲѧԺ
Ҷû
̫ˣǿ飬ҲǻصѧԺ
Щ˶ǳ񣬻˳һЩڴһѧԺȥ
ԶĺɫӰ˸ͣӣǰ
Сӣ񵽻ˣڻһʱ䣡
ɫӰ˵ʧˣȫоκϢƾʧһ㡣
һʮˣʼ۷׷ףҶʵ׵ʲôز
ڱȹھһҶʦ֣ǲˣ
ʱͥԺĵվΪҶлȡڱȵĹھҶõھԺǵĵλҲˮǴߣҲܵõԴ
ǿδأȻҶʦִ˶ף׵ʵڴˣŵǰ嶼ǿ
һ˵Ȼ˶ף˲Ҷ㡣
ҲǣԺǰʮĵӣһʵȶǿ󣬸һЩӣһʵԽսҿ˵һѾŵӽ˵侳ٳٲϽģΪ˲μڱȡ
һ˵ԺڶѧԺһ죬ŵ֮䣬ͥԺįÿһ붼ûС
ֻҪȥĵӣһֱŵӣʱƣһ겻ȡĵʸ񣬵Ǻܶ˶ӣһ֮ڣμڱȴȣкܴĻúóɼ
ֻҪڹ֮ڣûȥʲô
Ҷû˵һֱտڲϴŵЦ⣬ÿᵽһ˵֣Ҷ㶼ĬĬļЩ˶Ŷǿߣʮ֮ߣǸÿǰ
һʮˣѴʱ䣬ڻصѧԺҶһ飬ͻصϽƣκ˲׼ţҶ̻ƣȭĵȼ
óõĺıʣҶ㽫Ѫ˳İڷϣһƽȥ
Ҷһο̻似ƣɹҶ㽫һʷǵ͵似ҶҲܻΪ棬ĵȼʮ
ҵһöհ׵Ҷ㽫ȭľҪ̻ȥǰУĿ̻棬ҶҪ飬ǿ̻ƣ似֮УЩƻش÷ȭ޸ת
ÿһƴһشκ似ҲǴӴ֮仰ԲǿѨ硣
׼һʱʱ䣬Ҷȫ׼׵꺣֮зϸ۲һ飬似ϸϸҵһ˿켣㿪ʼ̻
αҶĥɷĩڻѪһ𣬷һѪɫɢ
кıһͻȻһķڿлһйɵĻߣ·뵽һ
֮䣬ɴ·϶ɣȵ侳֮ܿЩĴۼԽ࣬ĳɾҲԽ󣬾Ϳ
·ҲƷ򣬷棬ռ䣬ռ֮УƣЩɫ·𲻴ڣȷʵ֮Уֻܸ޷۹ۿ
ĺɫӣ޷壬Ԫܸܿܵĵ
ˮ׸ӦںǴ֮ϣܵˮɫ϶ɡ
֮УԪز֣׷ݸԴҲʮ֣޷ǽľˮڰ
ϸϸַ֣׵磬ЩԪص죬纮ˮԪݱɣ׵磬϶ɣγ׵ӣԹ֮Уֻо
ıһմ˵ѪڿһһƬɫƺһƬɫ硣
ҶŲһŤͻȻڷ֮УкıʻһĻߣڷϵ̻ȥ
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·һ֣Щɫ뵽֮УɢһɫâʮʣһЩ·ڻղҶ̻ȥ似·Ȼζһһ㣬似ȻԼںϡ
似̬̬ʽ̬ͼΣͼϰӶ似ѧᡣ
̬Ƕ߼似Ƕֻ̬Ҫʶ͸ȥܹۿ似ʩչ似ùĦĿĸ͸ʮַ㣬ٶȾԱ̬Ϻܶࡣ
̬似ʮϡ٣ϾҪ̻һ֮Уʮ꣬˭ҲԸôȥ
ϵ̬似·һ㣬Ȼû󣬵һ޴ȭͷˣֱײҪ
Ҷ㲻ҷкıٴһӣڿһ裬Ѫ֮УǴһѪԽԽ룬ȫһƬɫҶ塣
ı˲֮ϣҶֱźıʣ֮ɷ裬ҲͣЪ̻һЩ뵽档
ҶƶٶԽԽ죬ȫӰӣƷӿ棬ղŻӰȭͷ𽥳ʵݻ
䶼ɫ⣬Ҷȫ벻ڶ棬Ѿۣɽһˮ·Ȼı¶˭ҪǽҶ㶴Բܵе洦
ߵľٶѾѧԺɳٳǰۿ˭֮ܵΧٳٲɢ
ôķΪʲôôŨη򶼱չˡ
һϿͥһɽͷŲ
ǲۣ
һ˵
ܣŵʲôŵع
洫ɽ壬ǻԥѡţŵ򣬲ܽӴش˵ٿЩˡ
δأ˭˵ŵӾͲܽӴشΪ˽ǻǽ˲֪ô·ң𡣡
һ˵ĳϼ˵ͬʱһӣƳ֣ɽĺ䶯


169 似
ȻʮϽӡɽȻǰۿϾŵŵռѧԺ֮һѧԺضŵӡ
˵һɱһӣŵӾװΣŵӾשߣĵǺ洫֧ŵãκһɣٲݽʽĵӡ
ֻγõѭʵѪҺԴԴϵʱŵӻʢʱ̣˿ʼۼۿһۡ
Ѿ˴Ӷ֮߳ΪǶܵˣܵķϸ΢ı仯ǣЩ˳·ƶ
ܿ죬ĵ򶼱ˣһЩĵӿʼ߿һҶĶϿգΪЩ𽥳ͣһΣڶϿա
ȥһ£ĵӽʲôʲô
֮ϣʮ֪Ѿ޷ڸǣķԽԽŨ۶ܿ侳ƬĪҫܵõϴ
ϧû˸ңȻЩ϶侳ǲң⾪򣬵ʱ˲ɢҶǽ
ڱչأͻȻоͥԺУһЩӵӶ߳վʮϣȥ
μλϣ֪λͬʱͥԺΪ£
ȻҲ˷γɵĹΣΪʮɵģԲдһʡ
ã֪˭𣿡
һϳʵ
ϣĵӽҶ㣡
ûԼµӵĶһ
ǿ֪Ҷк֮ƽʱʱڸЩʲô
ЩϱҪ˽⣬ѧԺ־ţĿǰΪֹѧԺһֱĬĬţûкõų֣ϾǿþӣѧԺûоԵĺĵӣʱþǳĳԿ
ҵҶŵǰħɽһһʮ
ǿҶЩСӹҼûʲôתһ룬Ҷ㲻¼ĵӣµô䶯ѧԺ飬ƴӽԺڣҲδֹҶʵܰȻڣǲ˼飬ʮе㲻š
ʮѧԺʮأ˳ͷ϶ᱻǿдѹȥѧԺһֱҪַЩǱʵĵӿٷչϧÿðһЩǿӣĪ
Ҷڵĵӵǰ£ܰȻĻڣѾǳףһֱɳȥһһˣʮƺϣ
Ȼû⣬ǳԺԵ߾Ͷ䳤εۣҪй¶κ顣
Ϊʮ֮ףѧԺоԵȨʱ˵
ǣף
ʮôʵǽҶ㱣ЩӲҪҲ¼ɣĽͣõġ
˵꣬ʮѸ뿪ˣٶܿټͥԺص˵ͥԺһ򣬸Ӧ˷򣬲ۣλӿ뿪ˡ
ЩŵҲ֪ʲô飬Ľͣʼ½½ȥĵȻһɻ֮ɫƺе㲻š
˼˴شΪѧԺҪȥ
Զ֮ϣŮеķῡʣŮľգƺĽ͡
ѧԺΪ˸õıӰɣ
һ˵
е˼еȲҪӵ˭쾳ܴ򡣡
һһкĵӿһᷢЩ˶洫ӣѧԺٳûÿһƽʱûһξȻһγˡ
һΣӴ浱ȻҲһѧԺȻͽʮ洫ҲˣЩӿҲΪ档
߰ɣʱ䣬ڿλСӣôøԵܲ򵽷İأ
һµӵ˵һ䣬Ҷ㶴ɨһۣһ˷ˡ
֮ڣȫҶӰӣ̤кıҶҪǵ㾦Ļ
ЩƯܵķʼ̣ҶȥȻڸҶ塣
Ȼܸ似һҲܸҶĻڼٱ仯
ʮأĻ϶ɣЩ֮ǿΪĻǿ
ҶĹڼƶһ͸˼棬ںϷ֮Ҷٷ仯
ǰҶ㿴Ҳʮ߰꣬һ˿ɬʱһζ˵Ȼɡ
ǵ⣬ν޵ľֵ⣬ԽķҲԽ࣬ҶԵ·𸲸һʣЩʱ̶ڱҶ㣬ˣҶѾһ˿˺ۼ
ϹʱڣһЩ˵ʱ򲻽ߣʿ໥ᣬ໥ɱΪӶԷˣӳԼϣԼ˽
˾ҲˣһܳɳʲôزкܴĹϵ೤ȻҲ˻ҰȻݣҶܳһɻɫĳ⣬˺͸ϡ
кıٴպϻѪɢ뵽֮Уһͷ˶ȭͷȻ֮䣬·Ҫƿ򣬰ȥܵ

似飬ҶȻȭӵԣֱǲ˼顣
ǰһλܣһ似ӵԣ似ȡܣɽ磬ʱǳĹ㣬
ıʽӡǣȭͷӡ棬ƼҶ㲻Լᣬ似ˣҶǰæһ
һεʣһĻǽȭͷһҪѷӡ֮ܳȭͷʧ棬Ҷڽ似շ
似ʮϡ٣ٵĲ٣ΪҪȥۿȥĦֻҪͿԣΪ似飬ֻҪԣͻԼΪһ塣
ıʷ£Ҷѣ̫ˣųɿݽߣó鵤ȥʼٻָ
ڳɹˣ֪ôһ似ǰװ˷ôõʱ䣡
ҶҲûףȻȽϴ󣬵似ܳɳʲôزﲢ
ûżȥҶңϥ£ʼָһҶ̫
εķδɢҶʱ򣬽ЩһսЩηһһ㣬εץҶͷϣҶоԼĹͷޱȼӲҪǰһֹ
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Ҷ㲢һжԼ̻ƴĺôشȻѾˣķȻܣҪһʱȫɢȥҶʮֿ飬ɲɶս
ѵǿ̻ƵЧ
Ҷ㲻Ҷ϶к£Ҷ㵱ȻϷӿյٶȡ


170 ںȭ
һʱȥˣҶڽȫָܵķȫĴҶſ˫ۣеδ
ϧ򶼲ˣȻȫԽͻ侳
Ҷſϧ侳ҶͿԽɳĮ֥һͻƵ侳ڣڣ֮ǣһжҪӺˡ
վӣϷžҶθһЩ˱øӷʡ
ҵĹϺ񱻸һʣεһȻ˴ҵĹͷȻܿٻָ
Ҷ㰵ľǷǿ֮ѣҲܿ޸ҪҩƣԵ侳Ƕ֫Ҳϡ档
µأҶ߽ңϵе㼤ֽоһȵҪ
ʶ룬棬Ҷ¶˼ı飬Ѿγһռ䣬һзӴСȭͷ̾棬һɿֲϢȭͷɢһɻĵζ
ܵĻ޴ȭͷͻȻˣҶ깥ҪҶ㣬Ӷ
ֻҴһѣ
ҶɢѹȭѹȥҶĻҪȾȭǿȫһΡ
ҾͽʮڴܸҴʲôϲ
Ҷʮڴ似飬ֻǴ˵ҶȻɹˣ似ּУֻ飬ʱ似ͻҶΪһ壬Ļڡ
ԽԽҶҲû̫ʱȥ似ðҶȼü֮
Ҷ껯ΪһֻͻȭȥſڣɽȥʼԼںϡ
˲ʧȥ󣬱ʮƽӹҶϥ£Ϊо꺣رĵȭҪѳȥҶεĽס

Ҷһͺȣһḥ̂һĥȭУҪѣһ˿˿Ҷַ۳ɵ似ͼʼҶԺγɡ
ȳֵǷȭĵһȭķѣҲǵģʮ仯ȭϬбһȭȥܹʮλУķѣѡ
ǻһߣõϴ֮似ƷʳҶȻ߱ʽȫѦ츫ѶҪӰҪߣҲ˵ڵķȭܴﵽ似
ĥڲתȭСںϵٶԽԽ죬ֻҪȭԼںϣҶ似ľ裬ǿ֮
ڶеʼ֣ʬҶ껯ΪһСˣڻ꺣֮ʩչڣҶ㳹˺ѣγһɹ磬һƥƥҶ˺
ǿ
Ҷ㰵һһȭȻǵ侳Ҳ޷赲һȭ򱬡
к֣ܿȻʯ٣ǽСꡱһȭӳһ֣·籩Ϯڻ꺣ϣıʮֿ񱩡
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˵֮Ҷһ֣ҪʯǿˣϷȭ
ںϵ֮󣬵еӰʼ֣Ҷ񣬿ʼеľ衣
оȻʯ٣ȭƶҶܵ濪ʼζȭͷδǰѾʱܱҶһȭ򱬡
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ȭУ𣡡
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˲ʧת֮䣬ɽָƽҶȭ
ŶһƬ꣬ҶЦһ
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ܳһŹĵҶʵ
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ѧԺʲôϡ棬ܶӶʰԼԴһЩҪԴĵӰ洫ӣ˰Ǵɽ塣
Ҷһóһֱһ֣һҲ鵤һǧȡ
Ҷ㣬Щ飬ԸһҾͰˣھ׳ѾкܶԴתҪóЩ
ܳ鵤Ҷ㡣
͵ʱ佱ǵģһֱŴˣԼЩΪ콫
ҶûջأȻͳȥˣջʵҶҲԼߵ˿
Ҷ֮ܶͥԺ󲿷ֵȫѡˣֻмӵ׵˲ϼ룬ҶûǿУЩ˳ȻУЩ̵ĵӣϣҶ㶼δԸ⡣
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ҪһҲҪ׵㣬һǿˣԲҪڳΪʽӣҪй׵㣬ܽ롣
ʵģʽмʱ䣡
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óƣҶһ׵㣬ʵģʽмѶŻȥһ㵽ĲҶҶһεĿǵ߲㡣


171 
ó㣬ҶֱʵģʽмѶȵŻȥʱ䣬Ӧȭ
Ϊʽ̫ԵÿһʩչҶ󲿷Ҷ㲻ϲĸоһνȭȼûҶ似Ŀ
һսзȭԣǿˣҶҲῼʩչʽڻҶѾΪɱﵣײܶá
Ҷ㣬վס
Ҷ׼ŻʱͻȻһˣֻվסŲһ˳
мӰҶһ۾ϳˣмҶ㲢ʶ
ٻڸ˵𣿡
ҶȽ䣬ȱһ۰ٻҶ˵
ûϴնһ۰ǻûأýһ³ɺ޸ˡ
ٻȻҪҶˣΪһͨģʽŻٵӶڣߴȣʼΧ۹
Ŷôˣ
ҶȤ˫ֱأһνӡ
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ǻԥʲôǴȺŹǵ
Ҷһνӣ۽ƳһԣֱӸӵˡ
Ҷ㣡
ʱ˳Ҷʵ
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Ҷ˶ԷأҲҶĵߣҶ㴥֮˵øԲ󣬸շ硣
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ҶЩֵӵĹעʮֲ⣬ΪҶе֪Ҷʵǿ󣬻ûǿֵزɺĵӹУڹ̶ܻ
Сӣ˵ģݹ飬ɱ㣬ҲԼù
ϳ֮ɫҶǳĳһŵУ涨ôСȦ棬ѾݺݵĴһ⣬ӮˣҲӮòʡ
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ҲΪҶ㲻޹ʷʸԲûаյ顣
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Ҷ۽һҴ⣬֮ڷԻĲ򵥣ʮֹ죬ȻǺɫġ
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һȣһöڵ𣬳ҶٴײȥһεƸǿ񱩣ЩӶ޷
һ֣·ʮ磬Ҷ·죬ҶȻ޶ԣվԭأһȻϴҲܲɽ
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ҶЦһȫ⣬ܵķٴηһЩ仯ۼΧſ񾢵ȭݺݵĳԼ
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һǿײһӰӵɳȥ
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ѾɣǿҵײҶҲֻǻ˻ΣδȦӣȫ˴ҵԤ֪һ¶һ֮ɫ
𾪵ĲֻǣԣҶ㷢˱仯ҲǸղһӵı飬һɼɵ
ڶˣ
ҶڶָͷԻ˻ˡ
һδ˭Ҳû˵ֳƽ


172 Ű
Ҷҡҡڶָͷ˭Ҳû˵ס˺Ļᡣ
Һʵʹɱﵣ԰ˣ
ɫɢֲɱһڵγɣһͷħĽŤףӪһʮֿ־ľ
ٻŵһ˵Ҷ̫ļɵȫҶʵô˿ֲֵʦУ
Եľɱħһʮǿ˵սʤ侳۷壬ҶӲˣ
һЩӿʼۣԵľɱֲŰ·ҪһС
ǿԲһҶʦֲô׻ܵģ
ȻҲо˵ĳԱʱվʼΪҶͣҶսʤĵӣǸ룬ʱҲʮӡ
ۣܵ޶ãĿҶ㣬ʱ˺ܶɫƺ͸Ҷˡ
ҶһֱǴŵЦ⣬·κ鶼޷Ҷʵ뷨ҶѾɫ࣬εĿȫҶʲô
ԵԽԽͣγһ磬ʼŰЩվĽĵٴαɣڳĿռ䡣
ҵĿ糯Ҷ㴵˲佫סҶͷ˿裬ƮԺ󣬸ӳгҶ㿡ʵݣһ˫״飬˸һ˿˿Ĺâ
濪ʼζԵһͷұߵϬţȭͷϸһʣħɲǼںһһɿ񱩵ϯء
ħһ
Էһŭȣȫı飬·ħ·ȴɢźХĿ磬ݺݵĳҶײ
һУҶգգȫ³һ㲨ƣˮһ㣬建İſҶֺ߳ü澵ӣÿһӳֵľ󶼲һǿռ䣬ҶȻĿռ䷨ıˡ
澵ӣʱգ˭Ҳ֪ҶһƬʱգռ䣬侳
Ҷãʱһ澵棬ʱһ澵ϣֱ治Ҷһν
ԵٽŲ̤ڵϷƵ·֮һ޹ı졣
ɣ
һȴԵﺰܿҶײһ𣬿ǲ˼鷢ˡ
͵ƺɨҶվ򣬾ȻûлҶ㣬Եһ䣬Ҷվ˹ֲƣһҶЩӺȥ
á
ҶЩ뵽ᷢ飬ײҶϣΪɶҶȻվԭأԷҶ壬ǹ
ͻı仯ЩӷӦҪֵѾˣֻܳһ
飡
ʮŵӻмĵӱɳȥһҽѪڿз衣

ĵӵܺһЩЩŵܳܣ˴ҽְ֮꼰أûһźģôᱻԻɡ
ʱ䣡
ʮڵϲϰסؿڣסԴ˻ڵϡ
ҶӸղӰʵܼ澵ҲʧҶȦ߳ŵЦ⣬һԡ
üȥ㣬뿪ڶۣ
Ҷ㻹ǴŵЦ⣬ѹҶһëûսȥԳ衣
ҲţһʩչʲôˣҪʵʵսһˣԴӴԺƵߣˣ͹ҿͷ
ŭˣûҶ㲻˵˵ʮӣ澡ʧֱܴ衣
ڤ粻飬ȻˣǾͳְɣ㳹ģԺҸҹԶԶģ
ҪԼͷҶɱ˸ʮֲá
ڤ粻㣬ΪЩԻЩӣԻһ㳼ҵĽ£ҵĽֺͷӴԺֻһ͹
ŭ𣬷йеԹҪȥҶ˺ѣһҫ
Ҿͳȫ㣡
Ҷ㱻ԷһԴǳ׼ŭһ䣬һƳ˹
ĺãҺݺݵķ㣬֪ĵӵǿ󣡡
һЦҶ֣ϳϲɫȵþҶ㶯֡
ž
Իһ䣬ҶѾǰһİȻҶһɨС
Ҫɱˣ
ԵԭתȦȫ֪ʲôˣҶͻȻ٣Լû壬Ҷôġ

Ҷһƶֱһһİ
ž
೤ƾãһþûصʮö
ղǴתǴתԭתȦߵ϶ָӡ׵ĸͷƵá
@#%%*
Ҫ˵ЩʲôѾʹ˵Ķ˭Ҳ塣
˵ʲô壡
Ҷ⿿һ㣬£ס䣬ǰ㣬ӣʮֻǵܲٵӹЦ
Բ˵ѾˣҪɱҶ㣬ȫɱݱɷܻص
ֱһУղŸһЩӽҶΧȻҪΧŹ
һ˴򲻹ȺŹ𣿡
ҶЦһٴαȥһҶӰӡ
飡
ǻδ֣ҶȭͷѾˣݺݵĻÿһ˵ϣȭͷٻϵʱҶǻһ̵Ļߣһȭݺݵϡ
꣡
ٻɱĲҽУ۱Ҷ࣬۰ʧʧȥһ룬һٻǳ׵ķˣӴԺֻˣСˣҶһݺݴԲٸκλᡣ
һӰշ𣬳ȥ³Ѫ˱۰˷ҽУһһĩտͼ
ԵϣҶһɣҲһȭ
㳢Ҳȭ
Ҷ绢ȭͷ֮ϷǷȭĵһУķѣʱķȭҪǰǿʮٱȫһȼ
¶Ȼ֮ɫҶȭͷٶޱȣʮλȻܼλطȻҪȭ
Ȼ첻˵ˣ岻ƣֱһԵгһҶֱۿȻҪҶһơ
һĻһӶǣΪʧȥ˶ݵʶ͵˼άת䲻
꣡
δն£Ҷȭˣȭͷһǰ̬ƣݺݵĻԣʮλҵĳ
顭
һȭͷΪӰݺݵĻԵϣһıԵһĨǣݺݵԶȥ
ղŻˣʱֻҶһ˰ڵϰѡ
䣡
ԵˤڵϣƵ죬ͬʱסͣſ־Ҷ㣬ΪǴϿҶĿֲ֮


173 ç
ԵڿлһҵĻߣһݺݵڵϣҳһӣҺĵʮּӲ
񶼳Կȥͬʱסͣſ־Ҷ㣬ΪѲΣĴ顢á
ҶҲû뵽ԼһȭȻǿ󣬽ԴĲΣҺûΣҪüˡ
ûܵҶתӳʵģʽмѶŻȥ׼ȥ似
﷢ܿ촫ȥͥԺŵҶ㣬ɨĵӣԼȲпķʽĺĵʧȥ֪
ʱţһȻ󲨣Ѿ˿ʼҶ˲ѾԸǰÿڴʦ
ЩҶȫûйϵˣΪʱѾս֮С
һҶûʲôѶȣ𲻵ĥ似ãǰּͷޣĳҶ㱼ܹҪҶû޳֮С
˹ޣҶںصʱɱʱǳѾڵҶѽȣһȭͷݺݵĻȥ
ķѣ
Ҷһȣһöǰȭ绯Ϊ㲨ˣֱֱײ˹ޡ
飡
ޣδҶ㣬ͱѹΪڿз裬ѪҶһץ֮УҶ˸һ˿ɫâһѪı֡
ɱ
Ųһ̤Ҷ磬崩֮Уһȭһƣ£޷׷ѿķѣʬûһ塣
̤޵Ҷ㻺ͨڶŻһص⣬ѪʧҶˡ
ڶ㣬Ӵ޳ʵǺܸߣǺ켶ԾѹķʽҶĽ飬ȫѪԼ
㣬һҶ㻹֮ϣܳˮһͷͷҶſ˫ᣬһȭȭ޵Ϻȥ
ģ
һͷзӴСĻ֣ҶһȭԴ棬ԽѪȾ˺ˮһҽУˮ
Щ޷·ܵѪĴ̼ӷ񣬸ֽ㣬ޣˮĳҶ˹Ҷ㴭ϢĻᣬҪҶϴʱͶˡ
һ䣬ʹ֮һӶȶٶȶȻӿ죬֮Уȭʩչÿһȭӳոһ޵
֣ʮ죬Ȼᣬܻһʱ䣬ˮͻȻܳ࣬ʮֹ죬ױɨС
ϽٶޱȣӴ󣬾쾳ޣҲԸӴĽȺҶ崩ڽ֮УСĿռҰڶ
ͣ
һͻȻ˳ĽҶĳϣʺѪҺӳðҶŭ
һ󣬽ӴƴҶϱ
ɣ
͵Ǻˮһ㣬ʼҶȻӿ죬ȭ
ѣʬ
ҶһʩչУȭǵʼ̵ɱһ˹Ľ㻹δͱ˺ѣ飬Ѫںˮ֮ϡ
Ҷ㷢һֵ⣬Լ仯ʵԽǿҲԽǿҶʵٴνʵģʽмѶȣҪǰǿֹ
䣡
Ҷһȭ£ܵĺˮҶ飬亣ˮ֮Уڻָƽ

ȵҲ⣬Ҷ㲻ܲסӴ󣬼㱻ҶһգоѪҶʳһգ溬ˮԪҶɽȥ
ĲŻ򿪣ϴε֮ҶС˺ܶ࣬ƵĲ㻹һͷӴޡ
Ȼûв²⣬ҶĲ֮һͷӴ޳ҶǰһβħޣǺçʮֲֿʮɳһڿŨŨҵҶ
üһ۷ںç൱۷쾳
Ҷһǰֵĺç
Ȼ۷쾳ʵ޵սҪǿͬľ缸ɱռơ
ç¶ɺ֮ɫһѪҪҶɽȥ
ʵģʽ˽ͷçƶ˺ܾˣŵʳζȲĳҶιӴ
󣬽ȭʹ㿪ʼ
ǰսҶ㲢δرѹһҶҪСĶԴҴ⣬çһǾþɳɹٽĵӣȫѪʢҶգһҲӲپ
ȭͷճҶ޻ʽʵõһȭֱֱçŭҶȭͷƿ˿
һһ룬Ҷһ䣬ջУҶܿç첿Ϊçв죬У˲ͻᱻ븹УΪʳ
ķѣ
ȭͷ֮ϳֲӰҶͻȻ׹ֲ˳ֱۺХݺݵںçĺϡ
ģ
Ҷ·ǽϣһƵçϳһ㵭İ׹⣬Ҷȫȥֽ⵽ȫ
츳ܣ
Ҷһ޶мܣ൱似һç츳ܾǻ⹥һֲȥ
ղţҶȭͷĺ󱳣ͻȻһ׹֣ȭ⣬ֲȫ⵽ĵطܵѹ˲С
ҶµһǣçĹˣһ޴βͳҶɨޱȣһˡ
ÿĹ
Ҷ岻ҶһշתܿβⱻɨС
Ҷܿһǣ˻ɨҶ·Ҷ½˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ÿֲ
ҶܸղźçһҲе侳۷徳ҪǱɨУĲܣ˸ղŵӣҶȻС˺ܶ࣬Ҵ⡣
һҶûʩչʹ֮ҶҪĥ£һֱó򣬶𲻵κá
ȻܷɢҾɢҲܵˣ
Ҷһȭһçɢ֮󣬱˾ֲ˺ǧ޷Ժçγв
ҶҪӴһʮǷֲһܴҪȹһ㻹Ҫֲ
ȭͷǷȭĵڶУʬҪȵһǿһʽҲӸӡ
Ҷٶ죬Լһֱǿƣç¶һ˿Իı飬ƺҲû뵽Ҷʵôǿ
ʬ
ԥȭγɵһ̣Ҷ֮ȥãĲ˼顣
çٴζҶ㹥ĵط۾ληסҶ޷ֻϮı
ǳǿĲλڷֽȥвǺܴ󣬳ǽںçܵļޣʩչ츳ܵʱ򣬸һ
֮ϣ׹ٴγ֣ζںϣֻҪҶȭͷ£׹ͻٸȭͷµĲλ
ҶͻȻһߣЦһӰˡ
ҿô
ҶȻʩչӰгҶ㣬׹ֻһôܹ


174 ʬ
ҶջУ͵ȭƺܴ͸ռ䣬ǿĴ͸
çƺܵΣ׹⸲ںϣֻҪҶȭ£׹ͻữȭĳ
ڴʱҶͻȻһΪӰӣֱ𹥻ç󱳸β׹ֻһôƶҶһ
ǵصȭçһ׹⸲ں󱳣ȭͬʱ£ݺݵںçϡ
飡
ͬʱըںçϣ𿴺çȫⲻûۼ׻ס壬Ȼʮǿǿҵĳһˣʼ
ǣ
ȭ͸ƤҶçͷ洫·˺һЩͷ
𣡡
çжʧ󣬽츳ܸںϣⲻ֪Ҷ㽫󱳣β֮£㽫çβϡ
ĲҽӺç﷢ĲǿҵĻصһɺѷβ֣çζٶȴ
һ֮ҶѸٶܣúç̫ȻˣǺçʮǿ󣬿ֲϢɢ׼ԡ
ԣԣħħԣԣڷŭʱ򣬻ǵڷŭʱ򣬻ṥ壬ħɥʧǣϯһ򣬶ʧȥǣǷ
çˣʲôֻҪǰƷɣĺȰɫ壬շ𣬳Ҷŭ

йһ磬ȳζɢçһУܲҲҪҶɣҶ֮Ѿʧȥǣֻ˺ǰࡣ
ںçµһ̣Ҷ廯ΪӰ׵Ķܹȥŭе޲ӲֻɶһȵƣʱҶڸһ
䣡
Ҳ֪ʲôɣÿһĿռ䶼һ·ǶģһҶĲ͸ϴβһܲӣǽڣһСʯ
һʱȥˣҶȻûг֣ܣҲǳ֮ƣҶĿȭڶȥȥ塣
һ׷𣬺çղţҶ㿴ˣͣ͵رȥһҶ㲻ٸκλᡣ
꣡
Ҷ㷢һͺȣܿռһ磬ŭֱ˺ѿǿķ٣Ҷһνչʾ
ǣ
ռ俪ʼܲסȭѹȣһ˿˿ѷ죬ڵİ֮޾֮д
ç¶һ˿֮ɫܵΣһˣҪܣҶչֲֳ̫ˣֲúçɵ
γɵһ̣ҶĿ꣬Ǻçߴ粿λͷһңֻҪжѨ֮ȫǴһ㣬ʧȥ֪
ѾҶӰӣֻпŭǱ꼴Ϯףֲǵأա
飬񱩣壬һȭݺݵĳçȥ
䣡
ç˵ÿ죬Ҷ㹥ٶȸ죬ҲգۼĹɰȭͷ£ֱֱĻںçߴϣ˻𻨣糱ˮ˳ż͸ͷ棬Ȼ츳ܻ⣬֮Ȼ˺ֹǡ
꣡
͸çļִڲˮ״ֵһ󶶶ҵʹ֮󣬿ʼʳҶ棬ʮֿ񱩡
һ䣬ҶٴӶȣҶҪһݺݵĽçնɱ
ȭȻˣٶʮֲֿ߱ʽڳܷΧ֮ڡ
似ԽҲԽǳȵģûмɿԡ
һ䣬ӥҶץ£һβȭָ׷ĳð⣬Ҷ˺Ѻç
ܸղһçжٶȴҲûиղǹ׺ݵҶ£ܵĳȥѷӻƶٶȡ
צ紩͸ʮָӿʼ糤Ѿӽһ֮ʮּ񣬸죬й
Ҳʮ׵ľ룬Ҷֻһʱ䣬צ£çĲݺݵץ¡

һѪⱻ֣ҶӺçץһѪ⣬һ޴Ŀӳ֣çĲҽ
𣡡
çʹһʹĽӵķˣײ޷˺Ҷ㣬ô˻ᣬҶץһλᣬĺץ£һСѪⱻ˺
ѪӿȾ˵棬çСҲûиղƣ츳ܻҶƽ⣬׹⿪ʼңûκιɿԣĻᣬҶһĨϼ⣬ֲçȫΧֻҪצ£ͻһƬѪⱻ˺
Ҷ˺µʮѪʱ򣬺çѾſڵϲʧȥ˷壬ĺŰŭҶ㣬ƺš
ôЩˣÿνĵӶʳû뵽˿ǣ˺ѣôпķʽ
շתҶ˺çĺϣצ棬ʼ˱ľѪǺһ㣬ܽɾͳͳıҶ֮С
ˬô
Ҷһ⺣çľʮʢڶҶչˡ
çٸɱȥǾѪҶѹεһɶֻʣһƤңĲ
ɱç֮ҶֹͣǰϢһ£ĲĶôѣƵǿֲҶҪȫʢ̬ӭս
ȻӴĺçҶ廹Ǹо飬ʩչ֮󣬳ҶֻóʯԼ鵤ֲĿ
Ϣһʱ֮ҶһƾżᶨĽŲ㻺ȥ
ʮ֮Ҷ㣬һɿֲѹҶѹζ·ʲôˡ
ѵ۵
һһƬҶ֮󣬿ֲֻܸܵѹ
ԶĴڵĶѨ߳Ҷ㰵䱸ֲѹȻҶʶ޷̽ӹȥҶܵļ£ʲôôֲ
ÿֲѹ
Ҷоȭͷս׼
ĿռҪȵĲ㻹ҪǰڵĶѨҶվĵطһ޴㳡·һ޳ҶĿϵѪѸɿݣϺɫ
֪ˣ۵ԽԽҶоһɿ͵ȳ֮˹
ԽԽҶֵǿѹȣⲻޣޣҶһʱܸоһҶȫİϢҶ㶼ûнӴĶ
ΪҶûнӴʮСģҶǰʮ׵ĵطͻȻͣסǰôںڰ߽ӵĵط
ͣһ֮۵ٴγ֣һӴͳˣҶڿ嵽ʲôˡ
ʬȻʬ


175 սʬ
֮Ҷ㽫ʶȫɢȥһǿѹʶ޷̽ӳȥѵ۵ڵɽ洫
ȫ©ҶǰʱҶ㻹̲סһ
ʬȻʬ
Ҷڿʲôˡ
󣬺ܶ౻ڵ£ΪûиãմγʬʱԽãʬԽԽ󣬼¾ͷ­γʬͻɳΪʬ
ʬ֮󣬾ͻᶮʹȻʬʬ֮Уһγʬ
һͷʬҪʬҪʱ䣬ʬҪʬǿö౶ʬǳޣҶһ
ǵʬͶȴʬԭپȻ¿ȻǿնģҶţͷʬһܿԼ
Ҷ²ûʬܿŵܼһЩǰļ䣬ָһЩ似ܣʬµģΪǵ޼᲻ݣϴӣ
࣬ʱ䣬ÿÿҹϴҪʬҪǿ󣬿಻ͬΪƣ߶ֻܻʮ굽ʮҡ
ǰͷʬþ޴סĽףʬΧѧԺҲͷʬ񣬽ĵ⵽ʬĲʳ
ϵѪҶ㣬ʬ֮£֪ͷʬôֲ裬Ѿǣʬµġ
ˣǿּһЩ似ܣǰǿߣ侳ʮ֮һ似Ҳ쾳ֵܵġ
ǰ࣬ʬһ壬ߵҶǰʮʱͣˣΪֻôҶҪʬ֣͵
ҶĿľ似ĻᵱȻϷֻǿѹܸȫļԼһһȭݺݵĳʬ˹ȥ
ķѣ
Ҷһͺȣʩչȭĵһʽ͵ȭһ쫷磬Хȥŵڵϲȳ䡱ʮľҲգۼĹ
ʬͻȻһֱ̧Ҷ²ûͷʬ磬ʬʮֽӲѶȵĶצӾȻҶȭͷץޱȡ
üһҳж󣡡
ҶûгȭĴ㣬ƴȭͷȻһ磬ݺݵײʬϡ
飡
ѣҶڿһһٰʮȵĴתжˣٴظղվĵط
䣡
ǿܲըǺˮһ㣬ʼϷɳʯ
ǿҲ֮
Ҷ𾪵ղһ̽ҶûռϷ磬ʬ˿Ҷ㱻
ʬƺҲû뵽Ҷ㿴ʮСôС棬ȻݷһͷͷֱһҶ
һҶС˺ܶ࣬Ӳƴȭ仯ʬԴȥֻҪԴʬȻ
ѵѵ
ʬͼҪѽϵܳҶϧεסûΧĿơ
һץʬʮֿ£泤ݣҶָײ࣬ȻûҶָ׳ʬָ״淺ɫâץסܱ˲˺
Ϊ˫ܵƣֻ˫ֹֻƷһֵֵֻҶ㹥һֳֻҶץʽ
ҶһŭͷʬǰһǸʮ֮ȻҲʹôʽ
ŲһţҶ嵯ͱⱻõ˫ųʬȥ
飡
Ҷ˫̤ؿڻǼ򣬶ҶС
䣡
ʬӴˣҶʮ˵˺ڰԵش
Ҷصԭأûһ˿ϲɫн䱸ղ˫ȻʬҶоͭǽϣȻҲ޷ҶĹǸղʹߣȻδ˼ʬ
ˣ
ʬ˵Ҳûб飬Ҷܵʬŭˣ׸ߵĽŲƵһɿֲѹҶǵض
ǿѹȣҶ㽫꺣Ļȫֵѹȣź˺ܶ࣬ǰĵӣ󲿷ֶΪ㣬ǿѹסˣ⵽ʬɱ
ҺҶǿ󣬲ǿ纣ˮһѹȣ㣬ͻᱻѹſ£ʬʳ
о磬Ҷٴεһλȭʩչʬʽķλ㣬ֱȡǰغ󱳣ԴҶסˣʬȻƶٶȺȻࡣ
͵һʴسʬӵȥȭͷΪӰҶҲ嵽ĸʵġ
ʬƺ뵡ͣȻһЩǣʮϡ٣겻Ҷ㣬ƺû̫õİ취ǰĵӣֻҪʩչǿѹȣƷ
飡
ҶȭͷǱ㣬һȭȭʬϣǰػǺ󱳣ĹʬһζҶˮһײ㱻Ʒɳȥ
ʬʩչϣҶһ磬ٴλصԭأʬϺܶطѷ죬֪ղҶ㹥жôҡ
ʬжĽŲˣҶǿҴ⵽شˣƺܵΣȻڰȥҶȥ
ߣˣô㣡
Ҷ㲻ܷ뿪ȻҶֱӽҶ㲻ĻᣬҪɱոʵսᡣ
ʬֲͬ࣬ҶҪӦֵֽĻᣬӵȫ档
δ˽ڰĵطҶһĨ磬ٵĳһεǿ񱩡
ķѣʬ
ҶֿȻʩչͬʽĺһһжǿ̻ĺôҶһĶãͬʱʩչʽ
ʬ˵ٶԽԽ죬Ҷ뾡콫ɱһ˻غڶ棬ɱϼѡ
ȫͷǵҶ㽫ʩչ˼£ǳȭҶһ
޴ѹ£Ҷ嵯ڿУ׸ߵľ룬𵴣Ȼʮɱʬһжֵˡ
ȭ翪ʼ˺ѿȼճһҲʮಽľ룬Ҷʬͷ֮ϣͻȻĺ֮ҶʵзλöԵʬҪ˻ȥҪҶһء
飡
ȭͷĺʬϣһıÿһȭܷĹͷײȻ޷شͷʬֻǽɳȥ
۵۵
ʬݺݵĳǰȥ
ڴʱͻ䣬ҶͻȻһ磬һֻץͻȻҶץȥ
ãȻһͷʬ
Ҷһ䣬ǰȥʬץȥһͿ塣


176 ɱʬ
ҶͻȻʬĺ棬ҵȭʬɳȥڴʱͻ䣬һҶĺ֣ȻһͷʬǱҶںڰԵʱͷʬȻ֡
Ӱ
Ҷܵ˾ΣΪʶοסˣ޷̽ܵͷʬһֱҶ㶼ûܵ
һӰӳ֣ݺݵĳײ˹ȥҶǧ֮һǣʩչ˷÷һι
꣡
צ飬ϾֻбһʵʬĶ֣Ҷڳ֮һʱ䣬һöǰԾȥ

һƤ֣ҶоԼĺ󱳻ʹ屬䣬ڼʮ֮⣬Ӱʩչ˼¡
Ҷ㻺תӣžɱʶ̽һº󱳣ָӡ棬˿м˼ڸǷҶ֮һʱ䣬ҶѾղһצ塣
ͣ
Ҷо˿ڴ˸УЩʬצ϶о綾ץס֮󣬺ܿ챻ͬͬ࣬Ҷȥʱ򣬾һΣ󼤻һ١
ֱʬϮо綾ҶоȫӲһεʬҪϴǿˡ
ħ
Ҷ㽫ħʩչʼ˿ϵĶһ˿˿Щʬһ𱻳ߣҶоˣȻ˿ھʹûΣˡ
ħ֮󣬱ħգðɫΪ뵽Ҷ֮УҶ岻پ¶ˡ
ǶħգĴڷҶ㣬Ҷɰٶ֣ҲõĻܾ綾Ϯ
óҩ֮˿ϣʹĸоܿʧһ˿˿֣˿ڣҶǰ濴ȥֳһͷʬղһͷ޼
Ƕ
Ҷ㶯ŭղŲ˲䱻ȼʵģʽĻҶ㲻һ˿һĴ⡣
û뵽ͷԼ򵥵ʬ뵽͵Ϯһͷʬȳ֣ȦԵشһͷȻ͵ϮӰҶ޷ܿ
һ˿˿ҶγɣɷҶһѪ֮ɫѪı飬Ҷ¶һ㣬ʮֲֿһɱ
ɱ
Ҷȥȭצ˫˫ҶŭˣΨɱֻɱ¾ܻҶеķŭ
һҶԵĲһͷʬͷһͷȻܵҶشȻСҶҪľںֵͷϣҪȵһͷ߳һԴ
飡
Ϭȭͷһ޴ϵĺҶٶȣʬȫ׽ҶƶĹ켣Ҷ㹥
һϰȭÿһȭ㶼ʬϣʬѨ׵ǣͷʬʮֽƻֻҪҶ㹥׵ǵʱ򣬶ıܿ
ʮʱ䣬ҶȭЩȭ޷شԼ
ֻʩչˣ
Ҷ૵˵ȭͷһ󣬽ֱӸˡ
ȭҶȭͷΧγɣܳƽ·һ꼴٣ǿ꼴ٵףƣʬƺҲᵽ˲ʵÿ
һʬûѡȥղźֻյ֮ƣʬǲ˲ģͷʬצϷһ˿˿
һҶһöڵݺݵĵȥΪһֱߣǳˮһ㣬ӾŸŷ
꣡
Ҷʩչ˷ȭĵУѿȻ޷Ҷȭͷֱֱĳȥ۳ɵĹ֣θȭͷ֮ϡ
ͷʬͻȻһͬʱҶǷǳĸߣ࣬ͬĹ
ѾҶӰӣֻȭ磬˺ѿ
꣡
һȭҶһȭʬϣһĹͷݺݵĻϣʬ屻׷ɣصĵڵϡ
ģ
ʬʮӴ֮󣬷Ƶ죬ҶһöһȭҲʬȭӡ
䣡
һȭҶҲʬϣֹͷѿ֯һ𣬷ǵ嵹ɳȥ
䣡
ҲʬҲ䵽ϣһصĳͷʬͬʱҶǱסѱɼʮ֮⡣
ŲһŭţҶԾһȭҲʬŭȻܴѨҶҪԲбķʽ˽ǵ
ʬ֮󣬺ƣ޷Ҷٶ죬׼ʱȭͷѾХ
꣡
ȭͷ£ʬؿϣĹͷѿ
嵯ĿʬǰһڴȻҶһȭҴʬ֪ʹ㽫ȫ飬ʬڣͲ
һȭҶؿϣһڴĺڶҶһȭ飬ȳ֮ð
ŶҶ㻹һȭһλֱϣڼӲֱۣҲ޷Ҷһȭ
ǣ
ֱ۱ҶѹΪһ࣬ٴ£һҶȭͷһ첲
ģ
ȭĽһֱҲҶϵʬʼ˫Ҫ﷢һĹУҶȫ
һͷʬ֮ҲͬųУƺǰŭһŭҶһȭͷʬԴŭȥ
꣡
ԽѣҶһȭҳİ룬һȭͷʬˣͷʬıҶȭͷ飬Ѿֻ࣬Ȼ𣬲Ҳסˡ
ʬˣҶһգתۼ䣬һͷʬǰ
飡
ҲǼһȭҶ塣
ǣ
һŲȥһֱ۱Ҷȳ࣬ʬԴܻ֮⣬ʧȥ˻ļ
ȭҶ飬ղŲͷʬ֮£Ҷеŭ޷ƽ
꣡
ԽѣһʬˣҪȸղһŹǿһЩͷʬʵҪԸߣƳɳ޲һ
ʧȥʬʬٳ鶯ĲҶɱͷͼʬֻǵ侳ҡ
һһǿ󣬵Ĳ쾳Բĺç˵ǵ侳ڵʬ֪㽫ʲô
ûż뿪Ҷϥ£ʼȡʬľһ˿˿ʬЩ¾ͳͳҶսݽߵĵڼٻָ
һʱ֮Ҷվӣĳȥ
Ҷߺ󲻾ãһ߳ˣŵϵֻʬ¶˼֮ɫ
ʮˣû뵽ͷʬʮǱɱ
߿ʼɨսʬߣӰָϳͷʬʮȻߣǵĽϡ
һҶ㶼֪ΪҶѾ㣬һɺĵζҶ·뵽Զս˿˿ħɺ֮ɫ
ħ壬һħ壡
֮ҶӦˡ


177 ߼ħ
Ŀռʮ־޴󣬽֮Ҷоһɺĵζ·뵽Զս
Զŵʱħһ𣬻壬壬壬壬壬è塭ȵȣʱϷ½
ʱ಻ǿģֻΣϵͳƣƴħĶ֣ƴ޵ĵ֣ٶȣèĶ֣һЩܱģǾԴǡ
ǣǿħ嶷èƴһ󣬽ħϳȥèϻǵĵطɽӴ˽һƬٵķչʷ
·𱻸ˣĵζҶӾĿռ䲻ǹ̶ģһƬɽҶŽŲɽȥ
ľޱȾ޴ÿһ궼Ҫһ˲ܺϱϵĸֲһ˼ʮ꣬꣬һ껨䣬Сһһϣ·Ҫɽȥ
ȫʵһЩ޴ҶӹһЩͼޣûɱҶӿ˽Ųʱֻ죬Ѿȥһˣȥ
𣡡
ͻȻ䣡
һҶĽŲֻöԭأʶɢȥ˳ԴҶܵһɿֲϢֲ˲仯ղſ޵ĻԼ£ܾ֦ɣʲôΣƵá
ˣ
һζһЩСʯԼ
ˣ
һƵҶһ޴ҵһ¡
ǿѹȣ
Ҷ䱸ԶȥԴǰһöǰԾȥ
ˣ
·һȻսģ˰ѵ浱޹ģÿһŲȥܷ֪Ķжôǿ
а׾룬ҶͻȻͣס˽ŲΪѾ֪˭
߼ħȻһͷǿĸ߼ħ
ǰɸߵħ壬Ҷ㰵ľͷħȻʮ׸ߣ൱һ޴ķӣÿһ涼ζ
߼ħʵҲڵ侳۷壬侳ڣʮǿϿֲͬ࣬սʤ
ħվ㹥һĵ侳޷ƿķħĿ֮Ⱦ֣ҪʬҪӲ
ȻˣҶ㵱ȻܾôȻǸ߼ħҲ赲ҶǰĽŲǸ߳Ҷ̫̫ࡣ
ǰС࣬ħ¶м֮ɫԭĵĴѪħսȴһܸץ˻ÿһʱ䣬ͻӽҪɱ󲿷ֶɱһЩֱӱͳȥ
Ȼˣ
ҶĿħԼ񣬽ŲһţȥȻһɽǰҲҪɽʯɽΪƽأοֻһӴħѡ
ȭȻӰʩչҶֱֱĳͷ߼ħȥ
ǰħ⣬õ˼ûУӴƶǳĻûдƶ˼Ҷ㹥
ǣ
Ҷ㻯ΪһֱߣһȭֱγһֱߣҶѵ㴩ͷ߼ħ
һһħľҶܿ쿿ħֻ֮ңʱħˣֱһ裬ҶȭͷСˮ״СҪǱУǻ˵á
ȭͷδȭɽҶƫˣȥ
ãǿȭͷ
Ҷʶ˲ħһȭȻǿ󣬻δͱȭˡ
ģ
ҶղųֵĵطħȭͷɨУһҺҶǰȻɨеľˡ
ǿħͨĹ޷˺
Ҷȭ޷ܣʩչҲܣΪҶ޷ߡ
ӴֻҪҶһħľƾͳҶץҶʮֱ
Ҫɱˣ
ҶĿȭĲԽԽߣֵĶԽԽǿ󣬷ȭС
ȻˣǾһҵĸ
似ģʽǻģɱһлᣬҶʩչȭ似ڻһ
Ҷгɱħһ˼ʲôѵܵв
û飬־ʽҶҪսپ
ɱһɹ쫷γɣɱϿշ·һƥγɣ˳ɱ졣
ħ淢ǵƿղžȻǿʵͷħѺһˣʵԽԽǿҲһЩͨܶԸ
ʼץʱͷħҲһɶߣʱһͷͼħʱƣʵ˸߼ħزҲ
ɱ۷壬ƥ̬ƻն£ħ֮ŭն£񱩵ϢһɻʼݻһС
ձҶնһͨ¶ڵķ϶İ֮洵ܴɢ˵Ĺͷʮֺ䡣
Ӵĸӡħڳ˶֮ɫ˫֣ȻҪȥץɱγɵĸӡ
ַϢʣɱҶ̻·ʱһγ˾һ
ǣ
ռ俪ʼܲס·ҪѿϾĿռҲǱٳģĿռ䣬˲ͻѣ̮
ƺܾãʵǼĹɱѾ£ħһȴСİƺݺݵץɱγɵӡϡ
꣡
һˣһħѪɱӡȻħץסˣȻпһĿӣ˺˹ͷѪ
ǡ
ӡħһ飬ѪħľٶҶľѣѪ·̼ħ񾭣һŭ
飡
ħӡҶһ˳ȥҶڿлһߣֱֱĻк漸Ҷײϣ
ۣ
һѪҶȻˣʽıħƵôпķʽȻֽڽҶӳȥֲ̫ˡ
ȿȣ
ӵҶɿȼĿڵѪ³ȥʱоܶˡ
̵ģͷħǿֲ
վ֮ҶȥǵѪһ˿ļµ
ӻˣҾͲɱ㣬Ȼֽӣҿ㻹ܽӼΡ
ղһȻħˣϳһ޴ӣɼǣʩչһΣܽжϡ
óһЩҩ̷ȥҶȽƻָ׼ڶεĹ
һ˿˿Ŀ֣һҶƸǿ񱩣ɱâת·ҪɱһɳɱҶϱ·ҪƲ񷡣
ɱݺݵɱ
Ҷ師ӣħϣһ
ÿһȥħһۼһ˿˿ѪĹֻǸħЩ˿޷Σ
ȵˣɱٴξʽʽҶһΣҲȥӡ


178 Ѫ
оָĲˣҶɱ׼ʩչڶʽҪħôֵ
ƥڿɣҪȸղŻҪֲһ׵絮·ĩռ٣ַʣƯڿУӡǣȫӳɱ֮ϡ
ʽ
ɱ£͵˲ݻٷԲףľǻݡɽʯĴݲУľݱѹɷĩɽʯѻΪ촷ۡ
䣡
һ׳֣ңԶǿյִע룬Ʒأǳ
߼ħ¶Ȼ֮ɫǰСȫǸ߼ħʵȵ侳۷壬ǰССҲԲôܣȫܵ飬ôвħء
ħ⣬Ҷ㲻͵ĻᣬоŸ൱˾űħű书߱ʽԳͬκһˡ
ɱ
Ҷһɱƺ۳ʵʣ˾߾磬ʱɱˣз뵽棬֣ʱҶܽӴġ
ӡ·һ£Ӿ֮£Я֮ҫֻ֮еֻܴ񼼡
ǣ
ռΣȻܲס֮ѹȣʼһѿ޷𣬾壬֮նأ
ħҪȴˣΪ£Ȼﱻ꣬ǲͲϣгһգʵӶ뿪طҶʩչ˿ֲʽŵζ
ƥ̬ݺն£ħľǿ似ǳֲڣ࣬似Ҳ޷似۷塣
ħ
һħħ츳ħѪħӰħ츳ͬѪħӰǰͷħȫѪ֮ɫħĺᣬѪħȻͬһޣѪ֮л־
ϹʱڣħΰƿأħҲ壬аħħѪħħǶƿء
֮ħҲδ񣬾һЩѪҲʮϡ޷ͳħ壬ᱻħ죬ӶѪ
ºħսϣħ忪ʼ߽⣬лᣬħ½ħҲָֿħ壬໥
ħ𽥰θߣҪȸղŸߴһһ¥Сֲħǵأһǿ˳ҶӵҪҶһɱ¾
Ҷûκεһǰ̬ƣŭն£Ҷη壬Ȼһħվǰһǿ̬ӦսҶ㡣
Ǿƣħѡƣʽŭץֲƴкü״СҪɨ࣬˲䱻ɨࡣ
ӡ£նħϣѪĽһεҪȸղǿһҶ㵤治ҪǮĳֻɱҶ죬ѪĴ̼ҪȥեѪħľѪ
𣡡
ħһŭ𣬸оеѪҺɽʹĺҶɱջ֮⣬֮ƣѹ£Ŀģջء
꣡
һħָɱжϣССһָͷҶ̣ħǰҶһֻСϣʱֻϣڽ޴ݺݵҧһڡ
ܵѪĴ̼ҶӷѪҶǳҪѪҺȻܿƶѪǱܵʮֿʮ鵤ȼգΪƥ˳Ҷֱۣɱ֮С
ͣ
âͻȻʢ
ɱµٶȸӿ٣ħƿʼܣˮѪҺȾ˵棬һˣҪɱѾˣҶٸᡣ
ɣ
ֱͻȻɱٴѹһһħָҶնϣѪ
ݽߣҶȼ鵤̶ʱ䣬ҶѾʮ򣬲Ҷʮַ񣬾ʮö߰ʮ
ɱѹԽԽħҪˣɱʴ壬ꡣ
һԻˣ˳Ҷֱۣ˳ŸӡĿʼ˱ħ֮еľѪǴӵȻҶȥ
𣡡
ħھòԾľѪڿټ٣ǾǾѪ˳ʧӰ٣С
ղŻǼʮ׸ߣܿʮ׵ĸ߶ȣڲСʮ֮󣬾Ȼֻ׸ң
㲡Ҫ
ħʧȥãҶһͺȣɱͻȻٴμӴ
꣡
ħƱҶݺݵնһѪʧȥƣСħش
ɱջأҶһöһȭݺݵĳħ˹ȥʧȥ˫֣ħֻĿҶȭͷХ
飡
һȭʵʵĻħϣȻ׸ߵҲҶһȭɳȥӴڿзʮ׵ľ룬ſ¡
䣡
ӴڵϣһһصĳħҪ⵽شѪء
ɷŹ
ѪıҶȫղħѪҺ֮Ҷоһֵʣǳ֮ǡ
һ䣬Ҷ㻯ΪһǣħߣʮָðʮֻݺݵĲħ档

ħľѪ˳Ҷָףʼӿ뵽Լ֮УľѪһʥϢѪͷħȻһ˿Ѫ
ղʮϡҶ㲢δܵʱգ֪ղŵʲôˣû뵽ԼȻһͷѪħ
ħٸɱȥľѪ𽥼٣ľѪҺħѪͳͳգѪıɢȥħֻʣһ״СĲ

Ҷ³һվӣһȫžղĵȫָǣرҪǣҶоԼѪҺһֶѪ
νɫѪҺҶ棬ѪʮҪħ֪ˣһ᲻ϧһеĴҲҪɱҶ㣬ӶѪ
Ϊֻͳħ壬Ȩϣһħ壬ܹݣͳħ壬ǿϯ½ˣǺӡ
Ѫһֱħ֮ͬ壬ҲͷѪ
վӣҶ㿴һŻ˵ͳ۷侳Ƶ߲Ҳ侳ˡ
ûлҶ侳ǰȫûʤ㣬һʩչʱƣ侳Ҷᣬһ޷ʩչ
ŽŲҶ㻺ĳһȥ
Ҷߺ󣬴֮гһߣǸղųڵߣ£ʮܱͨ˺ӣǿȫ뵽֮һ㡣
Сħû뵽һһ꣬ǱɱõĹޣѪߣǺ»ǻ£
߿ŵϵħʬ壬ڿҶʧķ


179 ʩչ
޾Ѫ֮ҶоȫըԵȫѪҺȫתѪǽһʲôĹ⾰
ҶҲֻ룬Ҫת޾ѪǷǳʹ飬ҪӶѪֻѪвд֮
һǳḶ́Ҷ澫ѪгǧΣҲξѪҪΪ֮ضԶ
Ѿʱ䣬Ҷڵ֮󣬿߲㡣
߲㲻Ҷ֮ûпֲѹϮʮһ䣬һӰվǽǴһıӰҶ㡣
û뵽ʮˣһ쾳ӴѵѧԺû䵽ֵز𣿡
ɱ⿪ʼȻûתӣֻҶһӰʮį·˼ʮĹ¼š
ѧԺǷûҲֻ֪ǲҵ߲Ķ֡
ҶҲ䣬Է°ҶӰ

ӰͻȻһĴЦ
ʮַҵԸҿ㲻
ӰЦ֮תʮҶİϺͬĶһǡ
лĺ⣬ҵң
Ҷ㻹ǱʾлǲҶʹ˷
йһ·ʵŵ֮УӦǾȷʵϧˡ
Ӱ̾ϢһΪɱţʵģʽܻ
ְɣ
Ҷһֵƣȥ
аɣ֮ڣҶ似ʸһս
Ӱתӣ俴Ȼֻжʮ֮꣬У̫Ĳɣǻ˼ϹŶ
㲻ÿˣʱùյԴʱ˶٣ʵҲ֪Ѿһǧ꣬һǧˣ
Ӱ˵Ҷǰľǰӿֻһ꣬Ȼһǧֻ꣬һöյʱ
Ҫղ䣬ֻе侳ſԣʮ굽侳Ҳڱ䡣
ʮִ侳òߣҲЩ˲ϲñһЩ޵˻εʱȻϻΣ޵ģ
СӼǰ
Ҷ㹧ʩһڣϾԷ̫߳ࡣ
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182 в
⣬Ҷ֪Ҷ֣֮У죬γؿܳҲҶвҪսҶ㣬Ҷһֱ
ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ϣҶ㣬ʱҶǵϣҲˡ
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÷æסҶ㣬ȥ
İɣзִ磡
Ҷƿ÷滺ȥ


183 ͷ
÷֮УҶƲ⵽ȥ
Ϊ÷ɣܶĵӶ׷󣬶÷ܾΨ񷣬Լʵǿһֱϰݡ
ܣʮַŭ÷֮󣬾Ȼƣ÷ӦͻᰵɱҶ㡣
÷ŭΪҶİȫֻðϣϵҶ侳Ͳ⵽Ĵ
һҶؽ侳Ҳ÷ĸҶ㣬ҶȻ쾳÷Ų˵ҶƢ϶᲻һҲҪ񷣬˵÷һжΪҶ㡣
ҶƲûϴ˰β棬Ҷ㻹벻ЩһжˣϴλҶ÷ǻصѧԺһ֪˹ϵͬһ㡣
ʱ֪÷ϲҶ֮Ҫ÷Ū֣ʱ÷ʵ޷ǿı⣬ҶвЩһɱҶͷð
ʯŻ򿪣ҶȴӶֶ߳ʱѾۼٵӣܶ඼Ϲġ
Ҷֵһֱֱ̣Ҷϣһ˿ɱһǱҶ㲶׽ˡ
÷ҲӶ߳
񷣬ŵһĵܵǲʧͳ
÷ȷˣ㽫񷼤ߣｻ֣һҶ㲻
÷ĺȳ⣬޶ãҶϡ
Ҷ㣿
е䣬һ룬Ҫ̴Ҷ壬Ҷվԭأܵһɺ⡣
ҾҶ㣬֪ʦкָ̣
ƻ֪ɳһֱûϢʱҶĻѾʼˣǲҶС
ҶԣһĮĵӣ˫ֱأĿ񷡣
ָ̲ҵ˵һŵӣͷʢһֱҪһ£лᣬǷ洫Եһ֮սʤĵӡ
񷻰Ƿ̣Ҳơ
Ȼʦֶ˵Ǵˣαص棡
Ҷ˵˶١
ʦҪָһʦܣʦܻǸм
˰ɱԼвԼŮˣҶٺõƢҲ޷ȥųɱ˻ȥ
ʦܺð紫ˣʦܻĳѧԺӣڽ˲ٳޣʦԸ⣬ҵǸԸһЩӣ֪ʦΡ
񷻹һЦ⣬ڲزɱ
ˣԼԼʦַģû£ǿ뿪ˡ
ȻҶʮҪɱ񷣬ʱۼӣֽܳɱ
ȻʦܲʶôҾ͵û˵ҿ˵ˣ˶׵飬Ѿ𶫷ҵĲƳǱϾǸСطһ쾳ڹȥƾΪƽˡ
񷻰ػҶװףȫһŭ⡣
вҵļˣ
Ҷͱ˲һڼҲǾţһαҶѹȥ˼ڸԺȷʵŭ
ѾųҪҶ壬񷲻֪õϢʱŵЦݿҶ㡣
Ҫļ˲вҿԸָһ·ߵһǱҸ㶨㿴ô
ȻҪҶߵһ׼ŭҶߣвԣвҶļˣҶ㳹ױŭ˾ۣ˸в֮Ҷ㶨ɱ֮
ллĺ⣬ҵ
Ҷ㽫ɱԥͷųĳѹȹȥ
Ҷ㻹֪ҵ飬ΪʮΪĸ׾ǶҵˣԺյϢҵĹϵͬһ㡣
ǹ˼ѧԺ棬ͶˣѧԺ֮Ĺ涨׼꼰壬ʱ˵ƶҿ϶ưոݡ
ŶйڿңҲῼһ£öҷŹǼһΡ
񷲻ģҪеӵ棬ݺݵĴһҶ㣬Ҳ÷֪ܾ³
ˣ֪ɱңû뵽ɳЩèڶز˰ɡ
Ҷɱ⣬֪ʱ˶ŭĵ£ҲԺտҶʱġ
仰ɫˢһˣֱĶҶ㣬·һͷޣʱҪûҶ㡣
ɱǣ
һһ˸֪
֪ڿңҲһ㡣
Ҷѹ˷ŭżʼ
֪ڸ˭˵𡣡
ߵһʱվҶȳ⣬ȥ˽ɱҶ㣬Ľû뵽ȥʮ鵤ȻûɱҶ㡣
ʲôҲҴСУ
Ҷһɣһɻ꽣֣ŭȥҶ˵Ȼ졣

ӷӦԴڵϴĲҽ꽣ʼʳ꣬ƻʶ
ʹ࣬ƣ촴ǻԵĴʹ裬
Ҷ㣬㾡ȻҶҵ˳֣
ŭû뵽ҶȻԼ˶֣һƳҶܴ裬ĵӻ֪ô£Ҷһɻȥڵϰ
̲סҪ𣬺ĵӾͿҫѹŵӣֻͷѣԺס˵ʱ򣬲׼κ˲죬Ǵۣ
ľƣҶЦһ⣬Ųһ죬һȭǰȥ
ҶСģǸ߼ĵӡ
÷ʮֵģҶԿУʱæѡ
ڲѣˣССŵӣȻ˿ôˣ
÷ѣ񷷢һЦȭͷͻȻһɱ֣˺ѿռ䣬˲ִҶ֮УҲֻʣ°ˡ
˭˭˻һŵӽô˰ɣ
ҶһЦֱϵļһ𣬻Ȼɽ˴꣬ɽӾѣĺˮʼء
ŸǺˮŭ֮⣬Ҷ飬Դ飬Դ飬ҶҪһС
ɱ
ҶһͺȣҲʮľ룬գۼײһ಻ټĶǰص
ʱۼĵԽԽ࣬ȻȥʱҲȺ֮УҶٴγֺ֣Ȼ֮ɫҶս
ЩͨŵҲһղŲûҶ㣬ʱԺĵ񷣬Ҷȭ³ˣһ񷡣
飡
Ȼ֮䣡
ռǿ𵴣Ѿ˵ӰӣֻǿѵıͻȻһӰٷֿϷɳʯγɵ˿ʼϯȥı


184 ڱȿʼ
Ҷû꽣˸ͬеӣӽкʵ߹ڵʹİ
Լ˱ҶˣڰͲסһƳҶޱȡ
Ҷ׼Ȼˣ϶ⲻһԥսһһը߷
䣡
ѸٷֿԳȥȭ緢һı
飡
ڷֿһֱ̣𹥻Էȭ˴˵˻ɫ԰ףղһ֣ȫûռݾϷ磬ҶƵƵˡ
Ҷɫ򶨣ʵԼ²Ĳ£Ҳ۷侳ҶʩչȭУȫܽɱ
ĵҲˣһΪô˲𣬾ȻȾָҵŮˡ
Ҷ˵꽫÷˹§ڻҶô˻ᣬȥ÷ŮˣӴԺ˭Ҳ⡣
÷ȫû뵽ҶȻʱеڰЩŵһ¶֮ɫҶľٶһص°ͣһŵĿһС
ܻ÷ԴҶ㻳ʱѾҪ˵ʲô˹ϵѾȷˡ
Ҷľٶɫ࣬һɻ͵ɱ⳯ҶҪ˷ֿ
֪˶÷ɫҶʱվڽ㴰ֽͱƣӴԺ˭ٸ÷ǸҶԡ
ɬ÷γ׷Ŀ꣬ȻҶҲֻˡ
Ҷ㣬ˣ
÷˿Ҷ㱧ô֪ҶΪãԺڱ˾ݡ
Ҷɿ˫֣÷Ҷ㻳߳Դ̧ͷĸƻƵãҸЦݣʮ㡣
ҵ͹ˣһУ
񷿴һУ޲ھȥ˺Ҷ㣬ǿзŭһιǸ÷ͨ뺣ȴû뵽ҶҲ÷ĹϵǿӶᣬͻ²õ˵Ůˡ
֪ڹңҲһ㣡
Ҷ䣬÷󣬳Ц
ղŴߵˣڹȻƣŲھܽɱ
ʱвҶ㣬ĵߣе㱩ŭҪ
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Ϊû֣
Ҷٴ˵
Ҷһӳ׾ˣȻĵӣӦýĳƺŸһˣ꣬޷꣬һŵӣ𾪵˵
úúã˼Ȼô˵ˣ񲻳ȫ㣡
񷷢Լʧ̬ˣı飬һһֵıĳ
㻹ʲôְɣ
Լڽ񷼤ŭҶǻһߣ֪񷰵˻ɱԼʱҶҪһὫɱȻ첻ɱҪúõһ
˵ģҾ͵ôӵ棬ѵѵ֪ߵغСӣ֪ĵӵ³
ʱֶˣô뿪϶ΪЦһŵӱˣﻢ£ֻӲͷƤҶ㻺
ƾ㣿ֵҵ裬һѡ
ղҪҶҶ㷴ˣѶԷΪ
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񷱻ɫ࣬ɱҶ죬ֻɱҶ㣬ܽҶγǡ
һεƸǿ񱩣ɽʯ䣬÷ֱӱƷɳȥ侳ʵȻ޷ֿơ

ҶһͺȣһӣһεĹֳˣǰƣ÷ſվȡ
һϵĽʼˣӿγһټɽϾϧγɵĲʴɷǺÿ໥ײ
飡
ǿ˲һ磬ΪģŭХȥЩĽĵӣδӦıƷɳȥ
ııġ
мʮ˱ƷɣײԶǽϣһڿѪǳĿдŹͷѵڵʹĺС
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üͷ΢壬֪ǲԼʵǵ͹ҶʵС
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˹ĵǣΪ÷Ҷ㣬˺ĵ񷣬Ͼ洫ӣ񷣬ôԶ
Щеʧ䣬ΪԺҲûл׷÷ˣڣųصĲ뿪
Ҷ㣬㲻ʺϴˣȥɣڱȵӣȥúóһ£ȡúóɼ
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ҶҲоˣҶڰã񷣬һЩĵӲΪҪǣŵӴʦϲҶ㣬кڰҲһЩĵӣбף÷ܾ
ԼСһ㣬ͨѶһ飬֪ͨңҲ˲ϵ
ҶΪ÷һͨѶһ£һʱ֪ͨ÷ʮָжͨѶս
Ｘʮƽû̫ĶѧԺ˲һЩȥĵӻϻˣΪ콫Ŵȵӡ

һһȵڱȴڿʼˣҶҲ˫ۡ


185 ֱָھ
ӺڰûѾȥʱˣϣҶܳϴ跥ëǵʵ˲嵽쾳Բ
ûǿʵѹ޷ŷҶûʱ䣬һŵùˣֻˡ
ʵ֮Ҳ˳׳ҶϹϾǴһ׷Ҷǰˡ
֮һ𣬸ԺڱȲ࣬ҲͬΪԺͰʮ˱ȶԺŵӣȥЩȶģҲмǧҡ
ÿһӶϣμӵģЩʵǺǿȥҲǱŰȵһΣȡúΡ
˫ۣҶƿʯţͥԺ㳡ȥΪÿһÿڣ죬һǰ壬ȶĳؾͽɽ֮ϡ
Ҷ㵽ʱѾмվһĦȭƣе㼱ͣϣμӵȶ֮С
һԺʮʦӿһǿƣܿʧ
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׼ˣ
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ãҲõھǾΪҪͥԺӣ
ŵڳÿһ˶ҲҶڡ
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ʮֹСΪҶ㽲⡣
þһʱգ½ûʲôΨһһǣϹ磬ÿʱ䣬ѧԺԼȸƱЩѧԺŻɳܳӽþпܻϹµı
һΪҶ͡
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ʦֹȻôˣþȻֹЩΪþˣֻҪȫĻųųɵˣ˳洫ӣؼĵطÿһڱȣʮּңΪֻǰ˲лþ
飿
Ҷʮ־ȣŵӾųɾŶ쾳þ֮δ洫ӣһ޴ջѹЩ˶ʮ˷ܡ
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Ҷ˵ͷѹϹŵʱź磬ǿֵ֣߳ܵޣħ壬è塭ȵϮǿĻ
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ԺҲǺܶ࣬ԳǩʽһǧӲμӣǧǩһһǧ鵽ͬĺǶ֣һѭ֮ٴγǩ
һͥԺһжŵӲμڱȣԿԴԺӣҶμ֮⣬ܳҲֱμӣҶ˼ʵУսɣҶ޷ڣҪԼȥ
ܷúóɼȻμˣһջʮˣҶǷҶΪĵӣڰʵϾһԺҶӦĶչһЩ
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ҶҪ뿪ֶ˺סԼͷһܣЩȫ֪ԪԷĶ档
ֻվסŲȵڵߵĲˣҶ˹ЩӲͷ
Ժ
ղټ䳡ֻʣȼˣߵҶߣæʩһ
ôʱ䣬һֱҪ㣬һֱæԵȵڲڳʱ䡣
Ҷʱ֪ˣҶһֱæûйʱ䣬ֱȿʼųء
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ҶһֱչҲ
ҽЩҪ˵Ӧܲ³ɣ
Ц⣬Ҷ㡣
Ժʾ
ȻҶܲ²⵽һЩϣԼȡúóɼһǫӡ
ЦЦҶǫӣĵ˵ͷ֤Ҷ㲻꣬Բȷ飬Բжϣ
ϣܶȡھʵҶõھӦòǺѡ
ֱ˵ҶҲû뵽ôֱӣֱָھ
ŵӲԻҪõھ̸ף
ҶЦһ÷Ѿ侳ǰЩÿڶŵӣҲ侳Ҷսʤ侳Щÿڴʦ֣һԽս
̫ǫˣ֪ʵܻ񷣬ЩŴʦ֣һĶֵ֣ԽãҲܵõѧԺעԺչ
Ȼ֪ǰ飬ʱȻûиģֻ̽ϵĽ֣֮ܿҶʵˡ
ȻԺô˵ˣǵһȫԸ
ҶҲ˵ʲôȡúΣ赼ʦӻԺ
仰㹻ˣܻùھԺҲմ⣬ʱҲõԺ֧֣ļҲˮǴߣλͬ
Ҷһһķ


186 ħ
ûͣʱˣץʱ壬ÿڱȵʱΪ죬֮ھ
֮ڣϢȹ
ҶͻȻһᣬоշ𣬱Ҷһβʹ֮УŽŵµɽһˣʹ֮ĸоȫͬ
ܿ죬Զһ޴ɽ壬Ƿ嶥ˣ·жϣɽֻʣһ룬жϵĵط⻬羵ɴСˣʱѾͷ򶯣Ӱ档
ɽ͵ӣΧܣһۣҶ½ɽ塣
⻹Ҫģ˭ôɽϣڴĥôĹ㳡ֱ񼣣Ҷ̾ΪֹǰľССľһ¡
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Ҷ㷢ʱҶʵ

Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ𺳣ǰľҶ̫Ӿˡ
ѧԺɽʦĽһ֮նϣ㿴ɽ𣿡
˵꣬ָָҲ࣬һ·ͻһɽſԶԶȥһͷ˯ޣʱܾѣ۾ö塣
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Ҷɻʵһɽ壬м֮ߣҪǰϲɽҪߡ
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ȻҶ㽫ЩȻʲôܣһÿԺ׿ڸŵӽЩ֪ʮҶ㡣
ҶҲǾò˼飬һҶΪİһЩ󷨻˽⣬һЩΣʯһЩ󷨣ôŲɽ岼󷨣ֱδţһο
˺֮ܿϣټķ嶥ּʮйۿиÿҲĿ˹ۿÿһмǧƽСʮֿ
ǰЩѾˣҶܿȺ֮УͥԺҲԵǺܿǰۿȶҲޡ
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ȶǶ˽ˣͿˣȶˣеʦˣˣҪܣ𣿡
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˵֮ʦ뿪ˣǰм򣬳ΪͣʦչЩӣһˣЩʦܷá
½½д˳߸Ҳһյʱ䣬㳡ųɵطվˣ󲿷ֶǰۿĵӡ
ٴεһյʱ䣬ͻȻһȺˣ飬һɹɿֲϢʼ٣ЩѧԺ߲㣬һЩϣÿڵԺԼǿߡ
ÿһѧԺڱȣ뷽ԲһЩǿߣЩ֮󣬿ֲƲʧ
֪֮䣬ҶоԼʪһ飬ڿˣһȻ֮ɫȻڴ֪ղЩǿ˲ͷŵƶôֲ
ǿ쿴ĺʥŮҲˣ
ۿһЩһĿȻ̨ϵЩӰܿ˷
ûûܵõ¹ⱲҲû׻ˣ
һӷпǶԺµ˽ԶʤҶ㣬ȻҶΣǶԺȫ˽⣬ֻ֪ĺĻϰ壬Ĳ֪
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ٵӿʼЩͻȻ˱ȶĹԣܶӿ϶ҪݺݵŪһΪѧԺʡ
кܶںЩǿߣЩ޷ݣʶ͸ȥֻܲ²⣬ƷԲһЩǿ֮УμһѧԺűȶ
ȻŵѧԺģҲѧԺӵһݶӣֻиŵӣԴԴΪ˲ţ洫ӣһÿһ
ѧԺʮÿһŴȣѡõľӢӣмΪĵӣ洫ӣҲһμ飬ܼʱ䣬ѧԺǷ˲ˡ
Ҷʶˮһ㣬ĳм͸ͨ쾳ʶֻͷǧҡ
ҶʶɢüǧףȻммǧ׾룬Ҷ㻹Ҫԡ
һЩʶҶڿм̨ǵʶҪʱһεĽƳˣҶʶ޷롣
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ЩܲμӱۿõģҲֺü򣬷ֱŵ򣬺ĵ洫
Ҷ洫ȥǺܶ࣬һٶˣռټһյأǶһˣҲ˾ۼһ𣬷ǳ١
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˭Ҳ֪ǩǶٺţģпܳ鵽Լÿڵĵӣֻϵùˡ
ҶŲţ϶è棬ÿڴʦֵһ־ǵһ־Ҫ̭
м̨ϻ߳һӰŲգƯڿУɨһۣϱһǿƣֺѹȥ
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һԼݣ˻Ƿһ
ѧԺ֮Уʮϣ̫ϳϣһĽϣԺʮֿ
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һЩӿʼ˵Ԫ˵£ҶҲ겻ѣܰ·־磬Ԫ˻
ѾˣҾͲһһڱȶʼ鵽һŵĽһ̨Ž̨Դƣһֻܿһ̨οֻܵȵڶ֡
Ԫȶʼ


187 һȭ
ŻԪʼ˶վӣǰǩȥҶҲżһһǩ
ʣ޼ʱҶȥǩǩдһĺ룬ٺţҲ˵ҶҪֲֵϳ
ʱ֪˭Ҷֻܾĵţһ̨ͻȻѾһ̨ŵڶ̨Ҳȥ
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֮УҶĻڤʵɲ⣬ѪħսȣƸرеĳûδֿ֣ʼսս
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ߵǸ߻ҲҶϣҪҶôܶ֡
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һֱʱ֣ʮֱ̭һǧˣͥԺֻʣһҡ


188 Ͽ
Ѿӽƻ裬ϻǧӣֻʣһǧˣлһЩߣƺͦһء
ֻһϢʱ䣬ٴ³ǩҶ㻹ǲżȻں棬гǩ
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ȭͷǵһ˿Цֱ֣֮Ϸһɹɺȭ̫ˡ
ǿ쿴ϿʦֽڿȭɷԲˣܼȭɷ
м̨Ϸһľһ¶֮ɫ
ҶڻʱҲⱾڿȭɷȭףȭҪɱˣɷ뵽ȭ֮Уʮִ
ȻȭʮְԵпᣬǾԲɱȭⱾڿȭɷҶһû뵽ȻҼˡ
ܽ߼似ԲҪĲ򣬻ҪϣϣɱˣϵɱˣɱħϿƺš
ȭδɷѾӭҶ㺹ëɷҶǱϿΪɱĶŮˡ
Ů󣬻һɷɷۼɻʱ򣬾ͻγһ̬Ϊɷ
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һ֮˲䲪ȻǶͻȻһִգɢܵĺ
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䣡
˵ȭͷײһ𣬷һ


189 ɷ
һҶȭͷϣɷҶĴݲУɷ壬ܵ괴ˣɷʳ꣬ʮִ
似ֺö֣Щ似⹥ƥѹ֣Щ似ɶһЩ似֮УöֲעͻȻʩ
һЩ似ܹ˵꣬ɷ̬ϲʳ˵裬ɷ壬һ豻һʳǲҾ徵ʹࡣ
ֲҶ㵤汬ϻ۳һƵ״ɷ֮εĿסȭһƣһϿȭɷϡ
䣡
һɳˮΪ㲨ˣ˵ȥһȦĳ
䣡
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һ䣬˴˵Ʒɳȥм䷴յش˵ɳȥ
䣡
˸ʮվȣϿɫһ£Ҷɫޱ仯ҶռϷ磬ϿɷֱҶ֮ƽ⣬ɷشʤֱܷ档
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飬ҶʩչȭĵڶУ۳ףȭͷ֮ϣһֻɰݺݵ¡
飡
أ̨֮ϣһǿ磬ϵĻҳ޷˵ݣ̨ʼҡ
ˣ
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ٽһȭΪ޷κε𣿸ղֻ棬ҳ׷ģˣҲ޷赲ɱĽŲ
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䣡
ռòȶ·ҪҶƣȭٴγɡ
ҵаɣ꣡
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190 ɷ
̨һƬڰ·һƸס洫һ
ҵаɣ꣡
Ҷʩչȭʽ磬籩꣬ǿҵĺҪûһС
ȻڸǣסΣЩǿȻܿһǵʶЩεÿһ仯
ǿȭϿذܣ
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䣡
ײһ𣬿ĲˣһķϢȭݺᣬиĿ졣
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Ҷ㽫Ժķ׿ԺǰҴʵ׿ʵԸһ
ս˲죬Ȼ⣬Щÿڴʦֶһл֣ܶҶȻζ޷ǵĵߣҪ֪ʵΣҪȵһˡ
űɨУʣµĶǸ֣սҲԽԽҡ
ٴοʼһԺĶڣõĺӾõĹڤڰõ÷ۿ񵶣۽һһϳһĹһ֡
һҶ㽫÷ϣ÷ָһ˪ı顣
ÿڴʦִʦ㣬ЩֻҡͷЦһغϣɨ֡
ֻּвһ̨Ҷ壬ӵʵƺҪȶڻҪǿһЩһȻ˲ű
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ʮ֣ʵǿĵӺײһҶ㿪ʼɣǩһйŹ֡
Ҳ֪ǲǹģһҶ㻹ǳ鵽һ֣ǵһϳֱ֮


194 ޺
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195 ϱ
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ܰɣ
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ģ
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һ֣Ҷʤ֣
ɢȥ̨֮һӰҶ㣬Ҳ˽
ȭ֮Ҷ̨ȡõһʤص̨Ϣһ£׼ڶֱ
ÿһֱֻаСʱʱ䣬ֳܷʤƽֽСʱܿȥֳʤ
һʤ߸ʤ߷ֱҶ㣬ڣԷ磬壬޺ۣ׿񵶡
÷Ķ޺ۣ԰ܵȻڤ壬˹ֽذǹһʤ˹ڤĹֽ
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һζһӴӰ£ըԵʹҶ档
۽
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ȭɣ
ҶȥԼʵԷ춼ȭԼҲսʤԼǿ󣬵ȻܷһС
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Ҳˣ
ԷȭһɨҶЦһͻȻңһöڵݺݵĳȥ
ȭͷɰСÿһ˿˿ѷ֣޾ĺڰķ·ܴʱ֮͸
ȭͷȣҶȭͷС˺ܶ࣬ȭͷȫסֲҶѹȫӿ
ķѣ
ȭһʽ룬֮弱˲ײһ
䣡
һǿ֣ǿɢһУԶɽ֦Ҳɽʯ䣬һ㽫վڲԶĲиƷɳȥ
䣡
һˣ˴˵໥ȥֲγмشγһУɷǺÿʱתʱ˳ת
¶֮ɫƺû뵽ҶҪĻҪǿ
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춼ȭ
һεҪȸղǿͶˣȭͷХҵı˺ѿռ䣬ѺԽԽ
Ҷٴε𣬾ȻķѣҶûд㻻Уֻ˲١
飡
һǿҵײ嶸Ȼֿ

һ籼ףŲڵϷƵȭˡ
ҶǻһߣȥķѣҶȻ㻻С
䣡
һ𵹷ɳȥƽɫ¡
˵ܻܲһУһжԸң
ʮȭҶ㶼δУýƵˡ
ҪҳڶУͿûʸˣ
Ҷ㵭˵Ȼǿ󣬵Ҷǿֲ
㡭
Ҷһ仰ҭȥˣԼʩչȭȻԷ߶û
úúãղֻǸ棬õƣ֪۵
һ壬ȫͷǵȻڱߣһ鼡¡رըԵʮֲֿ
ӱ
ʦʩչˣܱһңʮֿ¡
Ҷüͷһ壬ͻȻȭͷһֵѹѹȹĲ򵥣ȻϹѪѽӱ
ļʮأǼߵĶϹž˺ᣬֻǺѪѾʧȥԶž˵Ǳ
˽һ˽ţӳʼӵаٽ֮ʮӵǧ֮ʮѪӣӵ΢΢ľѪ
޷ȥѧԺۣˮһ챩ʱֿޱȣʵʮ꣬Ҷضá
θ֮һңҶʱվǰֻܵҸ£һ˸һСһ㣬ȭͷŴһ
ˣ
ĽŲˣڵϣһƵټþûص
ŵһ̨ʼζ޴˫鳣ݺݵ̨ϣ
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𣡡
һȭͷգۼľ뵽Ҷǰ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ʱĽղˣҶ֮оֱܷһѪ֮ɫѪĺ֢Ѫɱ¾֮ġ
ʬ
Ҷĸ۳һ޴һȭͷЯޱȿҫ֮ݺݵ
ǾԶžѪҶҲҪڽ£ǰһжҶһɱѪѻɱ
ǣ
ҶǽڷϣǶȵѵ״壬籼ף绢ڣŭХ


202 ȭ
Ҷǽھĵڣȫͷޱϣ籼һ㣬绢ڣһŭХҶ㻯Ϊһǣȭͷһ޴ȭͷײһ
䣡
ϵʯˮһȫ𣬻Ϊһ̨ܸȥ

ʯмĸ̨һЩӾȻܲһЩ˱Уҽ֮
ʯи̨ȴһϸ͸ȥ
ˣ
峯Ҷһ䣬ڿ۷һȭȻδܽˣ
ǿ
ҶֱۣĸȻ޷ˣĽĿֲҶ㰵
һҶȫŨŨϢһ֮ŷѪҺڷڣ·Ҫ˺һС
һȭûнҶ̨ѪʧɫԽԽʢɢ⣬Ľһɱ֮Զʱڣ֮Уʱ̴ս״̬ԱȽϿ񱩡
𣡡
һŭҰǿĳΪһҶɨܹ
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ҶߣӣһƳ֣Ƿȭĵʽֱ꣬ϵļ¡𣬿ֲһ嫵Ҷֱ֮͵ش˳
꣡
飬Ҷ߸һ͵۳ɵʮ֮ƺƵĳײȥ
Բۣǿ
ҶʩչһеʱΣٴվҶųһ¡
Ҳ֪Сôģ忴ǿ󣬿Ĵȸߵˣǵ侳Ҳû񣡡
ЩʮֲףҶΪӵ˴
һɽٱܣȭͷٴ£ҪҶ顣
ģ
գۼݺݵײڽϣһȳƵ
䣡
һ죬ȻɽȻͬڿоҵĦ
Ҫ赲ڽһȭ
һλҶһȭǿ̨꣬ͻȻ꣬Ҷÿһȭǣشܵķ򾭹ȭƶѾͬ˴ꡣ
ŭ𣬴Ҷһ䣬һ֣ݺݵײ˹ȥ
̨ʮƽĿһУϳ֮ɫ
ϣѧԺһõӰô֮ʵѵã
ĪɽڵĽ˵
ˣĪɽҲֲٺõӰɣ
ϴЦ⣬Ҷ̻ر仯ϻţΪǴɣڿɺϣҶȭȻ˾磬ÿһȭ·뵽֮һ㡣
ȭ졢ǵأÿһȭʩչȥֲҪȭҪ֮ѹȣÿһҶȭֵѹȸС
Ҳܽǰ壡
Ʊ͵ΪҶܻǰʸ
γԣ
ѪƫԴɻʵ
Щ˶һͷȻʵѧԺԲС
û𣿵ĿǰΪֹʩչȭشҶˣȭӦǷȭȫȭһУеһֱδʩչƾȭܴǰʮ壬СǱ޾
۾Ҷʩչʲô似һ
ȭҲ˵ҲһͨмȭѣΪʩչܸ֮
ѪҲǴҸоɻĵطȭ˵ģǴ·һͨģȻԵһЩûаԵֵز
似飬Ѿ似һµĸ߶ȣ似ȼǳĸߣĶ似似ԣֻ似ܸϣ֮Ϊã
һֱĬ˵
ͬʱһƺ뵽ʲôرϣʱռһΣþҶĶϿգѵ似֮ɵ
пܣⱾ似Ƿȭһ似
ѪɫͻȻ仯һ£Ծ¶һ˿֮ɫܿȥ
һ似ͨҲֻǿսЩǿߵõǽǻأܳ׽似ӳ
ܣǴɶѣľ磬似飬Ҳܽͱ似
ϣΪҶΪʸ֮ġ
Ҳ˵ͷ似飬Ҷľ޷ƣ似Ҳײʳ侳꣬жᣬҶʲô磬ȫܡ
Ǿ벻ҶԼ似ȼӡεĽ似֮ɵںϡ
ûȥҽĿٴͶ̨Ϊһǿҵıˡ
飡
ڶΪϫһĳһһ𣬷һݺݵײڽ֮ϡ
䣡
嵹ɳȥӴڿߵķݣٵ̨ǰһ顣
ͻı仯һЩ޷ܣҶ㵽ôģЩǽǿöֵǿ֣ܶҪһս
ݣñȭ
ɳȥһЩӱ˴ֿڡ
ˣĺܳףվӣſ־Ҷ㣬ӣղܵϢڼӴһ˿˿ͻᴩ壬ʱ̣Ҷˡ
һ֣Ҷʤٻ֣
Ҷսȫʤ֣Ҳнһγּƽ֣ȫʤֻҶ㣬޺ۣ壬ڣԷˣʤиƽ֡
һķҶصϢæó鵤ʼָʧȥǿ״̬ӭһ
ΪоħĹϵٶȣҶָٶǳ˺ü鵤ھħ֮ըΪʴҺ壬ֱ֮С
ǣó鵤飬Ϊ֮Уڽٶ˵ɢڿУʮ˷ѡ
һյ֮Ҷһ˫ۣȫָƸǿʢղһ֮ҶоȻǿȶǿ١
ôܣôȫָˣ
ҶȫָòٵӴ۾ֱš
ε˫ۣվӣΪδȫָҲָ룬Ӱս
ಣ
Ҷһ뿪̨ǳڸղŵĸ̨ϣҶûд㻻طӭһ֡
ಣಣಣ
ʮ̨£ܿҶҲһӰ
ҶʦܺʵʤʦĽ
Ľһһƽɼ룬Ҫ֤ǰʮѶȡ
ʦֹˣҶѣ
Ҷһ
֪ⳡȡʤһǲʦ飡
֪֮УʵԲһǵ˵˸ղһ
ʦܿˣ룡
Ҷһơ


203 ۵
Ҷһƣȫ䱸ȻʵҪڽҶ㻹ǲҴ⣬﷭
ʦСˣ
˵꣬䵶һԲһ̫򣬽γһݵ״ҶƯ
ùĹֶΣҶһֹʽ֪ݵʲô
ʦֵ۵־٣ͷųݸǽӽʵʣݻУпܱסӳ
ָָ㣬иԵ似ĳ似۵ҶӹҲⱾ似ʱֻǴҴƲֻΪһͨĵû뵽ֹܡ
ֱһҶȭͷһȭɹݺɨȥǿȭ緢һֱֱĳײȥ
ͣ
ȭͻȻȫʧȻݣսȥƯٶͻȻӿ졣
ףҵ
Ҷ㷢һɻ󣬱סˣԼʧӰ١
һλҶʩչȭգ޷赲ĽŲҶüͷ΢壬ƺ͹
ԭһͷŵ̬νذܣҶԼɾ裬ллɳˡ
ͣ
ͻȻһΪȻֹܣҶһݡ
Ҷ㻹֪ݵĹܣҽȥһŲ˹ȥ
ͣ
ٴ仯ĸֲҶĸλһνҶȫס
Ҷüͷ壬һֱȥǰ취޷ƿȭвѵҪʩչʽ
δĶ֣Ҷ㲻ı©ƣӰʩչ£ƶٶȴ
ҶٶͻȻ٣ݵٶҲÿϺܶ࣬ڲϱ仯ղĸڱɰ˸ҶĿռøС
кϷˣʦֵ۵µľҶ޷ݲвһذɣ
ȻҶʵǿ󣬵Ե׽⣬ûкõİ취ݰѳ
ɸڶһΣҶС䣡
ʱٴҪҶ䣬ղһﲻ˲˵Ҳɾˡ
Ŷ㻹ʲôֵöĵģ
ŵƫԴ졣
㲻Ҷģһö飬ֵǣ侳Ҫ֮Ȼ鲻֮ڣֵҲ޷
óһöڵӣһɴ̹ǵĺʱ̨·ź
ȻͶɨˣҾģ
˳ʯϡ
ĲҪѪĶԼĶԼģôܲء
ôҾˣ
ɫ࣬ųϷŰ˵
ãҶˣ
쿴һ̨ҶĴܣѾְܼͬ˶ע˫ٴѹϸԵı
˶ҡҡͷ˾Ȼкͯԣ໥һǱ׾ôóΪע̫ϷˣҲûֹ͵һС
˽ٴο̨Ҷұܣ̨ϵԽԽ࣬˫ٶ̨ÿһҶȫסˣ޷
Խ棬ݷֽٶԽԽ죬䵶ַ˼ĵЩݾĵƶεסҶ塣
֪ȭãҶʩչֻܶܣüҶҪɱʩչʽǿƿ
ͣ
һ΢Ĳ֣ҶĺͻȻһݽҶоԼŵһᣬȻƯˡ
ʱ
ҶоǰһڣӾȫʧ·һƬڰ磬紵һͷͷޣ۳УҶǵض
ȻʧȥӾҶ㻹ʶܸܵܵı仯ֱһ䣬ЩĵжɳȥʼѰҳ·
̨ϵϳϲɫûҪԼ۵ÿҶ㣬ʤϣһ֡
ղŻǼٸݣʱֻʣһŲ̛ϣҶεİסĵ͸ݣĹҶ㡣
ڰ֮УҶܷĵ࣬һЩдҶ壬һϸСĿӣҶ˸һ˿ŭ
һ˿˿˳Ҷֱð˳γһߣವһҶ޾ĺڰͷȥ
Ҷֻһºܲݡ
֮ԱĴֲҶ似֪ǲ似ǧ֣ÿһֹķʽͬ۵γ˵ʹñɽͱơ
ǿһ㣬Ҷһֱʩչȭ޷Ƶһ룬Ҳͱݡ
ΪһߣڰһͷȥͻȻ䣬ҶһʮͻȻһᣬӿе
ಣ
Ӻڰ֮Ҷ廯ΪһǣĵҺҶ㷴ӦʱȻݣҲᱻĵлˡ
ôݵĿƣֻҪȥǱ޷ƿ棡
ûٴγʮɻȻñ̴ܴǱȥ֮󣬾ǱҲ޷ƿʮֲ⡣
Ϊһ˵𣿡
ҶаЦһȻ˵һɿֲҶϱһͻȻڣ
꣡
֮ҶҲʩչݵĻᣬһȭ˿ڻһȭ̤棬ȳݺݵĻ
ۣ
žֵܿƣһߣҲɲǼ䣬̨棬Ҷһȭɨȥ
һ֣Ҷʤٻ֣
˽սȫʤҶصλʼϢǼö鵤ĴΪ䵽֮УҶȫսⰻȻ
˱ҶȻصλÿҶղƽ۵Ũ֮ɫ
ֹ󣬱ȫʤҶ㣬޺ۣڣԷˣһԷ磬ȻˣҲԷָԼǹҶ㡣
Ժ˼ĺҵˣ
̨ϴһЦսԼĻɫ࣬촽޿κΣû뵽Ҷ棬ƿ
㲻Ҫ⣬ҲҽŶȥ
裬к飬ʧȥǣЩõģһǱʮʹϼⲻϳ鴤
ҪȥԣͿûõóֵĶˣ
ŵЦ⣬鵹ǴҪõ裬ԼƾмָĿܣʮ˷ܡ
ģԲʧ
˵겻˵ˣҪĶȥ˶ҡҡͷѾ԰ˣ϶ҪһһӮ
ЪϢһյʱ䣬ҶվӣವһǸղŵ̨طδŲһ¡
ʦҴ۽磬
ӾζеӣҡͷԵ˵


204 Ե
һĶõĺӾʵֹһʤһһƽķ֣Ρ
ʦֹˣ룡
ҶȻƵơ
ʦֿҪŶʦۡ
ӾŤһ£˵ȻǸǻƫƫлһӣײࡣ
ӾӣҶһԱģȻǸˣڳҶۣǵҶһ񺮣Ƥˡ
ȿȣʦְֻɣ
ӾһĳԼۣҶ㲻ֱӣɿȼöԷϽ֣ڿȥǵö˲ɣδսҶԼˡ
ʦܺαôżأ˼ҿɲϣݺݵˤȥ
ӾҶһۣҶȫһ£һȭݺݵĳӾɨȥ
ͨ
ӾûӦҶһȭɨˣߴﹾĹ̨ҶϽ뿪̨ȥϢȥˡ

ܴһĴЦѧԺ֪Ӿ˧綼ۣٵӶܲҶ㣬һӵĻҡ
ȻʮַУΪӾʵǿֲҶôҶ㣬ûκνͣһȭɨȥ
ӾӵϵĻҳһ㣬صλһξȻҶߣΪǵһϢֻˡ
ʦܺʵǴ˼ϺŶ
Ӿ˵ƨɣ˿Ҷɱһ
ȿȣʦأ
Ҷ㻹ǸɿȣˣҲڳ֣˵ӾҲûΥأֻǸԼ˵

ӾɤӣһЩ⵹ԣղŵı顣
ʦʵܲҺܿ㣬ƳǼλû赲ĽŲ
ӾŭŲ̆Ҷ㿴˹ȥ޺ۣڣԷ磬ˡ
ȻһǾԲɴ⣬Ҷ֪ʵпⱣʵõʱʵһΪһʵ
ŶԼã
ҶȻ˵޺ۻԷϢǴӺӾٴ˵Ҷʵ
ҸԣԺɲҪô˼ˣ
Ӿջָһ֮ɫֱˣǹĲ˳ʺǵҶһġ
˵˵޺ۣ˵ʱøʳĸͼ񣬴֮󣬾ֳ츳̫࣬дԣ˵ʲôת岻Ǻ
Ӿָָ޺ۣ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ޺ۻ٣ϧǧ𣬻ٿ˵ȻһĴʦҲֲ壬Ϊ޺۲
Է磬Ȼʱûа󣬵һǿĸףݾǾصԽĳɾͱض͡
Ӿ˵
ԹŻȮӣҶҲǵ˵ͷԷͻȻżȻǱȻ
ڶڣȽ֣ǱѧԺСҰһԸȽϱ壬ĿǰΪֹȻϮһЩ޵ԡ
˵𶡲ڣӾȽϼɵȻ֮УʵһǿģǾǵá
ⲻռʵ˺סĽŲҲò
ӾҲˣҶҪھԲдһ˵
л͸棡
ҶһֱæѧԺһЩӵı˽ĲǺܶ࣬Ӿһÿһųɹɺϡ
ӾиҶ㽻õ˼˺ܶ࣬Ǹղһĵӣ֣ء
ʦܣΪĵѾ϶ϣԺΪ洫ӵһ죬շһʦ֣
ӾȽϽ
ʦ̫ˣʦĵӶǣ˵洫ˣ
ҶЦһȻбʣħű书߱ʽҶкܴĳΪ洫ӣҲǰ϶
ҿ˵۹׼ֻҪʦܼס˵ĻУ
˵Ӿ뿪ˣΪѾ˽÷˹
ղ˵ʲôˣİɣ
÷ȻҲ֪ӾʲôˣһۣݺݵĵһҶ㡣
ȿȣԴˡ
ҶаЦһ¡
˭Ĵף
÷һ˵ƲͷҶˡ
һ½½߻Խ棬սԽңĿϾҺЩŵӣָǳĿ졣
һյ֮󣬽֣Ҷѹû㻻̨Ǹղ
ʮ̨ͬʱ˽䣬ܿҶҲһӰۿ񵶡
꣡
гһҶͷߵĴ󵶣ڵϣһϵʯһ顣
˵ǿ󣬲֪ܲܳҵİ
װʮְԵ
Թ˲֪
ҶսⰻȻ񵶵ʮֿ꣬һͷޣӴһ˸ߵĴ󵶣һεѹ
аɣ
һתԾ𣬳Ҷֱ̹˴ĵڿУ廨һ㣬ʮ
ðĵ
ĵʮְһɵ֣΢΢⣬񵶻Ĳ򵥡
н⣬е⣬򵽽Ҳף򵽵һ񵶾ǵš
˼߾磬Ҫɱˣ⾳ɱ֣񵶻ûһֻǴһ˿Ρ
ԵЯһ磬иĿ֨֨죬ҶоԼƤҪпȻվԭأûгֵĴ㡣
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ԵԽԽҶ㷴Ҳˣֻܱˣ񵶵˸һ˿Цֿӱ
˭֪񵶸ڹϵֵһҶŰ˷ص̨ϣʱкü񶾵Ҷ㣬һ񶾵ͳԿ񵶡
񵶸˷ĹϵҲһ㣬ԶҶ㵱˵ˣ̨ʱȻΣսͷų⣬ɱ
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205 
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һյʱܿȥҶһ뿪Ϣ򣬷Ծ̨֮ϣȺԼĶ֡
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Ȼ֮䣬һˣҲںһΣֻǹܿصϢ򣬽Żָȥˡ
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ãʦͽ̣
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206 ȫʤ
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飡
һײҶ¶ΣгһƬ·էһ滹·ת·򵥣Ȼ
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ҶҲ⣬÷ʵѩ൱֣Ҳǰܾ֣÷͸Ҷһᣬ׼ս


207 
˼䣬Իص̨һֲֹҶ㲻սʤ޺ԼԷֶ䡣
޺۵Ķǿ񵶣񵶵ڻûȫָȫʢʱڶսʤ޺ۣ㣬Ƕ֡
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䣡
ڤĳˣҶȭһ̣һȻʱ䡣
ԶڵĴȭнζУʱҶķȭȫѹķʽ

ڤһҽУǶߵķݣҶһȭУݺݵķ̨ȥ
䣬ҶѾ޷ȫջȭֻջһ֣ǽڤˣջأһȭڤˡ
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صϢҶ㿪ʼĿϢָ˺棬һһǿ󣬽սʮּңȭǰ޷սʤ֡
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Ҷص̨֮ϣȴԼĶ֣ǲµûҶⳡǷ׿ԺĴʦ֣ʱ򣬵һߡ
ΪԺϲĵưԣ׿Ҳˣ˵˾ʦܹۿ˵ˣˣԼˡ
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ڤڤ֮еˣȻҶ㲻ţĵ
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ҵ׷̣ôܣҵ̶ҵķλҪСˣ
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ϼ⣬סʶͻȥ걻׷У⵽Ƿ׿ͷųȻֻܻ롣
׷̵ã˵壬רŹ˵꣬ڿʼʱ򣬾Ҷֻ꣬ҪϼɨУܽҶ
ԽԽʢҶ㲻ڶȥһζĶܣ뱻һȭ׷ɨ˹ȥ
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һɿֲĺ˴Ӷڵĺ֣·ĺ֮κˣ֮ݳҪûء

ڵȭͷһƶĴ󺣾ȻˣҶû˻УҶѴѳ
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211 ԾԷ
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һѾѹֱ䣬޺ǰս


212 侳
̨ɫͻȻһ䣬ŻˣҶ˲ʧȥܵĸ֪ףԼ֮С
Ҷʦܣҵ߲ڿʼɣ
ԷҶ߻صŻͻȻһҶǰĶǽУĶǽҪҶ档
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飬ҶһȭһǽϺȥǽڱҶᴩһŻҶƵ
ǽһʧҶܸܵһŻǰȥٴͻ䣬һβǽڣ̣һðҶΧҶ޷У߳ȥҪ̡
飬һֶһ㣬ҶܣҶǿвȹȥһ̵
ԽԽ࣬𽥳ҶҶֻһҡ
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飬Ҷûκԥһȭ֮лȥΪ棬Ҷ㽫ɢľҶԡ
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ˣ
ѪҽҶоԼѪҺޱŨ滹еǹ⣬ǷЩѪҺγÿһζһء
侳ͻưɣ
֮һ֮ǣҶͱһĤŸͻȻ󿪣·ſڣ̰վħ֮вд


213 ʽ
һŭȣҶӿٶȣʴԪҺһ㣬Ҷ棬ڳ忪侳
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ҶоĤһ󣬷·ʲôһħȻ󣬸Ũҵħ֮ȫǣʼա
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һֱҶ㶼߱ʽڶУ㣬޷ʩչʱͻƵ侳ڿʩչˡ


214 ȡھ
Ҷͷ֮ͻȻһɫУʼҶߣϿճֲ쫷磬ڵס˵ߡ
Ǿʽ߱ʽĵڶУһֱҶΪ㣬޷ʩչֻݣڽ侳ڿʩչ
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Ÿڲѹעɱ֮УҶʹȻ侳ʩչʽӴѹȡ
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ЩֻܴĽҶ㣬漸˽һҲûҶ࣬ôܲĽأֻп֮ɫһĺ⣬޲ھȥ˺Ҷ㡣
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ʵҲǱЩӽȻᣬһ¾飬Ŭʵþܸõǻʱ䡣


215 ֮
ڽٵӶԸ뿪Щȶǵ洦̫ˣԴɺܶྭ顣
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ת֮䣬ҶҲпʮʱˣһʱҪˣҶȫ֮Уʱš
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һҹɵڻƳǽֵϻصҶңЩ˯ĵӶѡ
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ԲۣȻôǿ󣡡
Ҷƺʧû뵽ôһ֣æܣȥΪҶ㲼ãȻ֪ںδ


219 ҶΣ
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Ҷ㲻󷨣ʣʱ乮һΪԪԼԪת
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֮У·һǳħűѾͻƵڶռ䣬ħܾϻкܶطδֿռƬγȥҪѰ֮ҪѰҿռƬȡͻƵ䡣
ʮʱ䣬ҶڽԪȫվӣȫžҶȭͷһ󣬿žžȻˡ
ǿ̻Ժ󣬴ٷ֮ʮҲ˵ҵսҲһٴ޺ȭܻܡ
Ҷŵ˵Ҷʵ޺Ҳڵڰʱ޺ѾˣȻ侳ڣʵǺü
һʱ䣬Ҷ򾳽磬Ҳ似ҲֹͣʱһߣҶϸϸ
꺣֮У޴ķƯУתУҶϸϸܣϴκηתĹ켣
˵Ļ꺣оŴֻҪһĿǰΪֹҶ㻹δһ꺣ֻܼԺˡ
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Ҷĸ״Ȼ˵ҶԴҶֻܽܳ⼸ѾʮΪȥ棬ҶͻȻҶĸܲġ
һ֮Ҷ˽࣬һŭɢҶ䣬ƺ²⵽ˣԼʲôˣԷԼļˡ
ҷģȻ˵ʮʱ䣬ʱ䣬ҪڵӳȥҵҪ·󱲣ȻҴҶҵע⡣
Ҷ͸ű֮ɫɱȻ


220 
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Сӣ
˿Ҷ㻵Цı飬ôܿأæҶȥˡ


221 潭ħ
ɫ֮Ҷ´֮УһӴɢѹʮ϶޷̧ͷ
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ʬħҪǿһʬ޷㣬ʬƳʬʬҪʬħҪԴӦҪ侳Ѫιǿ󣬾


222 նħ
ͷʬͭǽڣϳҶǱҶһȭȭɣ޷ƿͷʬ塣
ԽԽ䣬սԽãҶұĳ̶ԽԽأһƬ𣬹սҶҲٵĲˡ
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ħһֱҶ㣬ҶȭʮֹŹ֣ǳĸߣ֮ġ
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꣡
һĹͷѵ֣Ҷץʬ棬һץʬǰһ󶴡

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ΪһǣҶϢĳħָţ׵Ĳħ档

ħͻȻһҽУ͸Ųʣ˺ѲζëȻʮ
ĵܣ
Ȼ˴˿ԷĴħħУԴ
ħ嶪ħ֮УһȽѹȺ䣬ҶҪʣ˭ġ
ħħʱҶ嶸Ȼʧֱһǰ̽Ȼħץ˹ȥȻף·ƾճ֡

һ֣һѪɳһѪꡣ
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Ҷһ󣬶ħž֮ɫ޷뵽ôҶضûС

ħĲҽۿŶħˣһȭһ޴ϡ
䣡
ȻħɷйŭĶˡ
ܵܶˣʣԼҲȥǰɣ
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Ҷſ϶ϴ֮󣬱ҶӣΪصʱڼҲһĵλ
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ҶԷȭԽԽ˸һ˿ɱ⡣
Сӣҵģ
ħˣڰͲסгһֲ棬׶״Уƶǡ״ƻ᳡ʬʹõĲӣʮа
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Ĳӳ֮Ҷ͸ܵˣһ뷨Ҵ⣬һбãܲӵϮ
СӣҵĹ棬е˲𣬾궼Ҫߡ
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𣿾Ϳûˣ
ҶȻô˵ǲҴ⣬ȫȫ


223 Ҷڹ
žεĲӣҶһб̣ܶԷһ
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ħһʩչʮӣƵҶ֧׾ײ淨ʮָ߼侳ѹҶһֱڶ״̬
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Ҷ·ʱҪܣӻ壬ÿһζĶħʮջ𣬲趯ٶȸӿ١
бͻңֶ𣿡
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ʱһһȥתۼǧУǴħڹҶأҶ½Ƕûմ
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˶ΧҶսʤ潭ħͬʱ˷ܵĺУһʼء
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Ҷһʩѹħ˴ǰʱɫҰףȫҶƣҪɱܣѡ
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Ҷٴκȳһħȫһ·ܵ˾ţҶ㺬̴ֱħĻ꺣
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Ҷ㲻پΪҶңֻҪ֪Ļָʹ֮˭ˣҶԲŹҡ

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Ȼ㲻Լվֻý׽סڴԼ̣
Ҷʱݣȫ˵Щ½ǿΪ𣬲󣬸͵


224 
г˭Ҳ벻ôչǣҶڲһ¶˼֮ɫ
Ҷ㷴ʴħ
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ҶͻȻ˹Ц
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ϵһˣЩӶ¶֮ɫΪҪˣԼļ塣
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Сֻ˵ĻҶ潭ħϮΪ㣬㣬Ҷôʧ
Ъ˹Ҷ֪ӣֱ˺Ƥ
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Ҷ㲻÷ȷʵԼкܴĹϵܿ콫ԼѧԺ˶ҵӵ˵˳
˶˵ͷһ嶼ⲻ˿Ŀ໥˵˶ѧԺϴʱҶսʤ侳ҷΪҶҸˡ
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ڹҵ֮ûмʣǿŴң¶ɻ˽ţϾҶҴʱƲҪܾòָܻϣ
ҶǰҪҪңҶһϣǴ
ҷģһ֮һỹһոµҶңҪǿʮҶңҶ㣬Ǿһ֮ڣеӽʸ
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Դ㣬Ҫʱ䣡
ҶȱĲԴʱ䡣
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ҶҲ֮ˣ˵
ãһʱ䣬һöָ㹻ԴһȫµҶңͽˡ
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УһμµַҲѡˣƳ̫Сѷһʱ򣬷ֳʮｹɽȽŨһ£ͽڴˣڴͨƳǵͨӰ巢չ
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Ҷÿһ˵𾪵Ĵһһ㶵ġ
һ֮Ҷҳϸ֮·Ҷ㰲ĵԼԺţħѾ꣬ļҵаħڵϢ֪Խ࣬ҶüͷԽԽ
ԭаħÿһ϶ӣһǣὫǰһʱľͨȥаħڻ֪ں֮֡
νӣһֲֲʮֻ֣аħڵ˲һܽӣһаħڵӵУһżĴаħڣһϢͻᴫݸһţһ
ԺзӵϢȴҶ㽫ħľȫգʵֱһаħȻ£Ǿ뿪Դʮ֮ңҪҵҶұҲһһϦ顣
֮ҶʮｹһȫµҶңƳܵ߶Ҷˣ˴Դ׷׼롣
֮Ҷ뿪ƳǣѰҼֲϣΪáǬɽȱüֲϣڼ彨õʱҵܲóɹ


225 غ
Ҷ뿪ˣһԾճǵϿշȥҶȥĺֳɵĲϣҶȥѰңûУҲһ֪Ϣ
ǬɽҶ㾭úüžʹõ󷨣֮е֮õ֧֮󷨣ܽʡʯ
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Ҷ㲢ûУҪҵʯѹ֮Уãйͨǳ֮
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һֽľһϡľģݺٳ֣Ҫ֧󷨣ľǧɣֱ𵽶á
Ǭɽγɣɽεһ𣬷·Ϊһ壬Ҫƿ󷨣ҪعޱǿҶ㻨ʱ䣬ݣôһϴ
尿ڿУʹ֮ɿһ£Ҷӳȥǧ׾롣
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¶ݣɫҰףƳںڰе£һƲҰޱȣ·һԹצ
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˵צڿˣǣҶָ׼ӲޱȣȾƷȻδƿ˵˫֣ҶҲǴһ
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СӣʲôĹΪǿ󡣡
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Ҷ㼥Цһצӡ֣ƻΪ̬֮ײҶ˫ֻΪצҶ֮ǵԵʣմȾʡ
ʮأ͸ڰ·Ե̬ݱһͷڰ֮ħǵʹߣצΪӣݺύץʮȻҶƹ
飡
ɽȻͬڿײž·𳴶һ㣬ϧײһΣһ䣬˳ȥ
ҶоԼƷ飬ǵһƸ֮ˣǿȻӲȣԼָ޼
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治ף֪Ҳ㣬һʣΪĵֵزҸˣĻŹң
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ȻˣҾɱ㣬µò𡣡
˵ƸʢͻȻˣľȻϣҶ˲ʧȥܵĸ֪ɶҲˡ
Ҷ˲ôˣڣǺ˿ܷҶԷ֮С
侳еγ֮ʵԽǿȻҲԽǿǿߣܿ׾룬֮ڣκﶼƿ֮УһһľŲĸо
ܷȻû䣬Ǻ˺ȻûγԼ򣬹Ź־ͳϣѵǺڰҶ뵽
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Ҷʧȥܸ֪ʱһֻצͻȻ֣Ҷݺݵץ£ʱȻ͵Ϯ

ȻҶ㿴ˣʶ͸ȥ˳ֵһ̣Ҷ͸Ӧˣһȭ˺ɨȥ
飡
˵˻ȥ˲ʧȫ֪ܵȥˣҶٴʧȥĸ֪
Σ˶ĵĳ֣ÿһζǷĹҶĻ⣬ҶѰƽ֮ȽƵʱа취ɱˡ


226 ֮ħ
һƬҶֻո֪һҶ˲жϡ
͵ϮʮΣҶ㻯⣬ÿҶ㷴ʱ򣬺˾ͻܺڰΪһ塣
ԽԽ࣬Ҷʶ޷͸ȥһβ㱻͵ϮҺҶĸ֪ǿ
ħЩɾˣ
ҶŭħˣһӴŷһѾޣſڵľ޿ڣܺɽȥ
͸䣬Ҷսȥ֮󣬷ֽڵǺڰԪأ˾Ȼ˺ڰԪأڰ
ھħϷһصĵͻȻһҲһӴ֣Щɫսȥڲڲ
ԭˣǺڰǸĿ϶ǹɾ
Ҷƺ࣬˺ڰ֮ҶЩ򣬾Ÿ໥γǷλĸγɶλǷλӦöӦУĸ໥Ҷûв´ĻӦǹڰ
ܵĺǳˮһ㣬ȫӿħ֮УҶ𽥿ߣԶ˴ޱ𾪵Ҷ㣬ƺš
Ҷδ˺ȴ޷Ѻڰֻнǰĺˣܳ׾ѺڰԪء
㡭ʲôֲĶȻҵĺڰ
˲԰׵͸һɾ֮ɫԼĺڰڣ޷ȥҶôġ
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ҶȫɱŨȻҿʼԼҶҪնݳһһɱһһ˫ɱһԡ
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ǰĿռһѿҶ㲻˷ֱ룬˵ǰغݺݵѹ¡
籩꣡
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ôܣһҪ񣡡
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־һƣҶȻܣһӭȥԣһ𻨣ҵ֣ȥһЩɽʯ飬Ϊ촷ۡ
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ܴռ䱻ըӰǶߵķһ㣬ĳȥˮһݺݵײϡ

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231 
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ʼҶΪǼϸϸȥǼһöɫķƯ־ǰɢ·һĻ־䱣
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ӲǱˣĺҶһ񣬽޼֮һЩ顣
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Ҷû˵ԼѰľ


232 Īɽڱ
Ҷǵһ޼֮ĵҿˣû뵽ˡ
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ðԵû뵽ֻˣǾȲҪȡĪɽڡ
ҿЦЩ̫Եˣֻ˶ѣͿʼ಻סһ


233 Ҷ
˽ҿΧƴ׼Եҿ˳֡
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Ǽ뿪֮һʱ䶼ûлҲ֪Ҷ㣬ûҵƷҶǿߣҲʡ鷳
Ҵ磬ҵĺᣬǸǲǾͲܼ̳֮λˡ
ҶǷϵĵҿʵ
ûҵȻԴĪɽڣʧʮʱˣȥҡ
ҿҲûĪɽôȥˡ
Ҳ²Īɽڡ
ˣʧ٣ֻһֿܣˣ߱ɱˣȻɱĿԷǳСΪʱõļֵ
ҲĪɽڣ˭ǲˣǺͷĿĵѰңǴѰ롣
ҿûκͷҶʮ侲ϸá
ȥסĵطȥ
Ҷԭ£תһ룬ҪõľҪıĪɽڵĸ֣ĪɽڣҲʹһľԼĪɽ䵽ҶҪõľڳ˵Ρ
ߣҴȥ
ҲûκͷҿվӣҶ㳯ԺȥʱֵҹҶĪɽѾһʱˡ
ʮСģܲٻĵĻԺ䣬滤ɭϣҪȥڵ졣
ңҽȥ
ҶĶԵҿ˵ԼжȽϷ㣬Ӱһ磬侳ܲ
Сģһ˳ǧҪǿ
ҿûֹһദҿ˻Ҳ֪ҶʲôԸ飬˭Ҳ޷ֹ
ҶһԾƯһ֮ȥҿ˿ľ֧ôʱ䣬ɡ
ʩչУ϶ܷɹȥͻƿ֮Ҷûע˫֮ϣ߶ƮȥϢ
һƸëҶڷ֮ϣ͸͸Ҷ㳯濴ȥ
֮У棬ʲô飬ҶòǺ϶
мҶȥǼɱˣѾûôˣ֮󣬸λ
һʮ¶֮ɫվԶĻԸ
ǣϣ
Ӧһ䣬ܿ뿪䣬Ժȥ
ҶûͣһƮĵĸȥ
ƹͨһɽĺ棬ﱳɽǰûȥ·һͣסӡ
ʮ־裬֮ͣ󣬳˸٣ҶڰǸ޷֡
һ˴ӻóһ޴ɫԿףɽһѨȥʱ䣬ɽʼƶһĳͨˣһƬ塣
ٴοһۣͨȥļɽϣܿҪͨϡ
ڴʱҶȻʧڻһ˶ʱҶӰӴ˽ȥ


234 ȳ
ͨϵһ˲䣬Ҷ廯ΪһӰӣȻʧͨ棬ɽϣһ˿ȫʧ
Ҷͨһ̣ͻȻ棬ͨԵû谵߳һͷһɳʪ֮˱Ƕ
ǰѾӰˣҶӿ˽Ų˳̨ףȥ
˲ǧңټ£ǰȥҶָоǵΣֱͨɽʱɽ֮С

Ҷǰ׵ʱ洫Ҷæǰ濴ȥ඼˱סŲһ
˽˶վſԵҶ㣬˷ĵͺҰһ㣬Ҷ㳯ǿȥЩ˵ͷ˸ȥˣʮֲ̡
Ҷоһ񺮣ҶͨܳǰѾˣҶҪӿŲǵҪɱ˺ˡ
һĨ磬ҶϢһԾмʮ׵ľ룬ǧۣҶת˼䣬ſ˵Ӱӡ
Ŵ򿪣
һ˷Ըһ䣬һóԿףţҶֻܶԶ
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ҪʲôҿĪɽڵȻڴˡ
洫һŭȣȻ
ǾȻΪԼǣѾûκμֵˣҪɱǡ
ȥӺܻ䣬ֱ˵˵Ҳǽ֮ˡ
˵ʲôҪɱǡ
һˣһŮղ˵Сӣǽһƨڵϣֻ곤ӸŮĬ͸ŷŭȫ˷סˣֻ׸
ûҪɱǣǰǷֻǽ
ӴЦŮ˹ȥȻʮ죬ûˮϴȻڸǲݣһҺ¶ҰްĿ⡣
ܲ׵㣬ΪҪڴˡ
곤˵ˣǲ֪淢ʲô飬ͻȻ֮䣬һȺ˻ˣʱѾڵ֮С
Ҳ޷ĪɽڽҪ䵽УǱҪ
¶ЦŮ˹һЦ֮ɫ
˵ҸôøóѣȰǻǽǸϽˣҸ֪һ
곤е㲻ţ֪һֱ֮λԼλûκλᡣ
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Ӵſ˵ҡҡͷ
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곤һѳҪ֡
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ӵȲˣʱ˵
ŮĿһۣвʣгһ׼˿ȥ
Ҫɱң
Сŵһƨ˵ϣʮ곤ӸŮһȻ֮ɫüͷ΢һ£ƺܵܲ⡣
ڴʱһӰͻȻ֣һצͨмץ˹ȥ
˭
֣һŭȣӦܿ죬Ҷ㷴ץ
ˣתӣ߳ΣҶצѾͬ顣
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ָ͸ӵ棬һ˺ķѣȻҶ˺ࡣ
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ѿȻ޷Ҷһץ֮ץƬ
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飬Ҷ˫ֲӵĲһ󣬲ӻıϣǰҲɲǼ䣬һǳɡ
ӵҶ߽֮У𾪵ˡ
˭ΪҪ־ǡ
곤һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҶпɱַˣ̶¶֮ɫҶʵ
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ûĪɽڵҽӣ磬С
곤ΪҶܣԼĪɽݡ
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ε˵һ䣬Ȼ֪Ҷݣ뿪ȻǺá
ҿ
Ҷæ̽ˣʶ֮У˵汻˽ƣͨ޷
ƫ࣬󷨷֧øӡӡǣܷסһЩ
ϸ˽֮Ҷ㿪ʼ⿪ƣǿƿˡ
һʱ䣬ȫָ˳ͨҶ˳ȥ
ʱֵҹûˣ˼ɽҶѰҵȥķһ䣬·Ͻ˼ڰеĻ˰ľҶɱֶһδξ
Ҷ֮䣬ǱܿЩϡɵĵطǰһյʱ䣬ڳ֣ҿ˻ڰУҶ֣æˣҪ˵Ҷֹ
뿪˵
Ҷ˷뿪ҿ˵Ժ伱ǰɫδڿҿ˵Ժ䣬ִŴ󿪣ҶһæסΡ
ȥʲôˣǵ
ߵʱ򣬵ҿ˵ĴŽգڴǴ󿪵ģҶòѰȽȥ鿴һ
ȥ֮Ҷ㷢ԺһЩŶ⵽ƻζˣƵҿ˲٣ŭйЩϡ
תһȦԺӳ֮⣬ûκκۼҶص棬кһһ˽Ժ֮УƾɵĴٴηϡ
˴˵֮أǸ
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ҿһɨǰǷ֮磬˷֮ɫ˵
˵ҸôˣΪθҪȨλ
Ů˵ȹĵԼĸס

ҿ̾ϢһĪɽԭԭ˵һߣӸ˫ĿɢŭΪ仹Сʱ¶֮ɫ
д˭Ҹס
һϡ
ǰҪ飬ֹֻҪλǾܼ֪࣬ѣһоˡ
ҿ˻ϣվ̳Īɽڣ˳³ΪĪɽҲö֮ļ
ɣʱܳȥȥˣ˭Ҳ뿪
ʱҶ˵ˣ˼Ҷ鲻ô򵥣ʱѾŵ˲Ǽ̳λãǣĪɽڡ


235 
ҶͻȻ̸֮˶Ҷ㿴˹ȥ
λǣ
ʱҶ㽫Ǿȳģһ·֮϶ûҶʲô
ҽһ£λҶ㣬ѧԺĵӣǰйһ֮Ե
ҿΪӽܡ
λĪɽڵ
ҿ˽˵һ飬˵һһ˵
лҶӵľ֮
ӳҶ㱧һȭҶ㿴˹¶֮ɫѧԺĵʲô
ڲܳȥȥһᱻץȥΨһİ취ǾȻǵĸףת
ҶŸղŵĻ⣬˾ȳѽ©ǲܳȥҪıƻ
ûǱҪȾҸףа취ֹΪȻʦ棬λȨ
ʮߣҧгݵ˵
Ժ㱻ػ˺üΣȥ
ҿǷϵȳ黹ûת
а취ҸһֱͨҸ׵ķ䣬ͨΪ˷ͻÿˡ
ƺʲôҶ˵
²˳٣ԽԽãϵԽãԽӣ㸸׾ͶһΣա
֪а֮Ҷæ˵
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磬ȥ
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У㲻֪ʵĴ
ֹ磬Ҷ㿴ȥղŵҿҲ˵ˣҶ֪ʲôˣҲơ
Ҹǰȥɣ˰ţǧҪȥһֱȵǻһ֮ǻزҿ뿪ǧҪ
ҶĴ㣬Īɽڣ˵һľ͸ԼԣΪҶҲ£ðΣա
ҶڶģϣһܶĶԣˣòľСҪȥҶûк·
ô죬ҸҶֵǰȥ
Ҳ˼ֻǲ˼ڣҶѾһΣſˣҶ㲻ӦʱҶˣ׼
ɫδӻһ·ͨӵķΣĿڵҶʧҹĻ֮С
Ҷӵĺ棬ȻĪɽΧȥһ·֮ϣ˭Ҳû˵ӵʵͣȻ侳ڡ
дʱʱ䣬ӲͣѾ뿪Īɽڣںɽ֮ϡ
ڣǽȥɣ
ӽһʯƿһڣֻһǰ
һɳʪ֮ɢһͺöûп
ȽȥϺ󣡡
˵һ䣬Ƚ붴Ѩ棬èӣǰ
Ҷ㿴һܣһжǾĵģӣѨȥʯϣѨʱһƬ
ͣ
Ҷ׼г˻ӣ
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аʱǾ߳ȥλöлҶֵ֣ܳžˡ
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лĻͲ˵ˣȻǰΣ˵ɡ
Ҷ㵭˵
ĪɽڻһΣҶֵԺʲô飬Ӹǡ
֣ص˵
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һʱ䣬ʱӦȫߵһԱվԱţֻһ׸ߣֻܹȥ
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侳Ҷ˿¶ԷʶΪҶʶѵ侳۷壬ֻҪʶǿ޷ټڶԷʶʱҶѾˡ
侳ҶͻΣԱҪŲߡ
ʯں֮󣬳һɫ֣˱ڹ棬ʶ޷͸ˡ
ˣڿŽŴ򿪣Ҫȫ򿪣ǱҪ˽˲ܳȥ
ҶʾӴţ鿴һ
˵ͷ˹һ԰һ£ԼѿһӣֻмңÿԿ
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ˣ
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ű˹ϣ߶ʱɽ󴲱ԵȥҶ㿴ֻܿС¡
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ɽƽ˵
ļӱ˾ˣû뵽ģҪѾɽţǲҲѷɳȥһĽѳȪ·ϣǲһ˷ֿġ
ɽ˵Цҧÿ֨֨죬Ҷ㽫סŶ롣
벻ɣһΰ͵Ϯ㣬ҵĽϧԶ֪ˡ
ɽͻȻЦȻ˵͵Ϯ飬һҶ㶼û뵽֮ɫ
ⷬӷ侲ˣֻǽ
ߵ߿һۣɽһȥ
ɣǲôʹȥġ
һ仰ɽڷűԵ
ҿ˭Ҳ׼ȻǶԴҡ
ɽԸһ䣬漴뿪ˣٴλָƽ
ǣ
ܿһļžĿ¡
˲һյʱ䣬ҶоûǰŴ򿪣ڷһ䣬ڵסˣղŵѷ͸Ŀ϶˸޷֡
񻺻ŲҶӴ֮ͨӵһʱ䳯ȥҶȥŴ鿴ԷһͻȻ


236 ħ
˴֮ͨг֮ӳ󴲱߿ȥҶſڣԷͻȻ
ʶɢȥտҲǰһ޴ԺӣֻԺ棬ԺǲҪԺӣҪЩ
˭Ҳ벻һֱܵͨңҶ㿴ûʲôҲߵ󴲱ϣһӹȫðź
ףѰӶ
ҡҡϵߣߺϢֻ΢ıϢڸˣš
Ҷʶܿߵ棬ʼ鿴״һƬ꣬ܶطһЩ඼ʼãֻಿλһɫסά
侳Ȼǿ˴Ĵˣά侳͸ˡ
Ҷ㰵˵
Ҷֵܣ֪Ҹʲô𣿡
ջʹ֮飬վӳҶʵ
֪һЩղҲ鿴һֲźƾźڸ
Ҷ°ͣ˼ԲߣźʮղҶȥƳȻʳˡ
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Ҷ¶֮ɫ˵ʵȷʵ޷źƳ侳侳ĪɽӦҲ侳ϣͽƳ
ѵҸҹܺϮĥУҪȥɽˡ
ʧȥǣҪȥɽˣղɽһ˿һ
ɣڳȥ
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ܽκãҶûл뿪ĪɽڣʱɽѾԸȥڴ
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ȥſţԣ
ҶһΣ㲻ܽȹҲܾôȥһ˿Ļᶼûˡ
һʮæվŴϸ۲Ļһ˽֪ͨҶ㣬˻ص֮ͨС
Ҷߣִϣʼ鿴
棬һҶСĶˣ˳Ľܿڸ֮Уǰ̾һźȭͷСǻ
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Ҷһ룬˹ȥͻȻ֮䣬ͻ䡣
ͻȻˣðڵҶ˽ȥޱȣҶӦʱ䶼ûС
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޷˵ȥˣҶͷ˼˼Բߡ
ҶҲþħգҶ㲻ȷźޱǿһħ޷ѹƾħԼǵòʧҶ㲻׳ԡ
鵽زҶѾûк·κҶֻаٷ֮һĻᡣ
þħպȻҲзգһɹȻŤתǰľƣҪ뿪Ӧû̫⡣
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ҶԣħգҶûκΰ취ˣħҶռĵƣ㲻Ҷֻ
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һ˿˿֣Ҷ㽫ħ쵽棬ʼź
ħ֮󣬺ͻȻ·𱻼ŭˣʼֱײ㳹׻
Ҷ׼ǽͬھӴѽܷסˣʳҲһʱһܲʳɾġ

Ҷ㲻һȫȥ̽ԵһЩЩʹħƯʵŭ
ףЧ
Ҷ¶ϲɫӴյЩħ֮󣬿ʼֱײҪħơ
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Ҷµûħ幥һǿħ彫ħ뵽棬ˣÿ춼ħϮ
Ӵħھħײ޷ؿħɫħԽԽ࣬ħ嶼ȼˣյ졣
ħҶ뵽Լ棬ħ൱Ԫʮ־
ħʷǳǿͬüǿȣҪЩħԭҶʱ죬Ѿ࣬ȻħϣԼһǰδеĴڡ
ħӰʧˣʧ֮󣬺ֱɢΪħԴԴҶ㡣
ʱȣҶӿյٶȣǰź𽥼٣ҲԽԽһЩжѵļ
Ҷ㽫ճˣҲ˲ָʵָܻɾͲˣⲻҶϣġ
ˣ
Ҷʶ棬оĤʹܵĺʼķҪҶƻȥһź˲仯ͷСаħҶҪʳҶʶ

ҶŭЩȻһЩǣвʱʮѲ
һɻ꽣֣Ҷ㽫ʶ۳ɻ꽣̬
һ



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ʮ
˲䣬Ҷ㽫꽣ֽʮһаħն¡
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Щն֮󣬿ٻָܿٴαаħҶʶʳһдҲҪҶƳȥ
СаħԽԽ࣬ݱϰͷҶĻ꽣ʼ׽⣬Ҷֻݻʮѻ꽣аħʼʳҶʶ

ҶоԼ걻ҧȥһ飬ҵʹҶȫʹ಻꣬ı˳ȥһ顣
ɣ
Ҷ㷢һͺ𣬺ˮϮȫ촽ҧѪҶžʹټĻ꽣ֵаħϮҲӴ˾ħڿټ١
ͣ
Ҷֱ꣬۵Ҷȫ鴤Ҷǿ󣬴ʱʹȥҶȻҧ֣վԶ¶֮ɫ
ʱҶ㣬һҹħһ㣬Ťˣܼʹࡣ
Ż꽣ϻӳҶоԼĻεÿһն꽣飬ۣڻӳ飬һδѭҶĻҲø


237 ʵָ
Ҷ꽣ٶڼӣղŻʮ꽣Ҳһյʱ䣬ҶĻ꽣ӵʮ
ԽԽ٣Ҷ꽣ԽԽ࣬˳ҶĻ꽣ʼ
ͣ
һͷͷаħն飬Ϊһǿɽȥħ˴ħ֮ɫħԽԽŨǴĵ֮棬һĵزȼʱ䣬ȼշȼ˵еˡ
ǰĺϡˣҲûиղֿ񱩣ʳҶٶҶҵ˾طĻᣬħһħޣſڽʣĺȫһա
ڵĺȫʧǽ𺦣ɱȥ͸һЩطʼãҶҩ˳ֱע뵽档
ЩҩǸʴҺ壬Ľ֮崺磬·õ˴ϴ񣬿ʼһҶӿ͵ٶȡ
Һ巢֮Ҷ˼ʮö鵤ΪҺһҺϴͿǰɫʼѣɢ
ɱƤʼеһЩƤһ䣬ղŻһףʱһϱĺ
ߵҲӣæ߹֮ɫҶ㣬侳޷ĺȻҶ㻯ˡ
ۣ
ͻȻ䣬ڴϵһɫѪ˳ʮȳЩ۹ų
ţ
ŵһյ˫ۻӡӰԽԽ
ףˣ
һѱסۿˡ
ʲôˣΪʲôҸо˯˺ܾúܾá
δȫָеãȻ
ף㱻˴ˣصĪɽھһֱԲѡ
ӽһһļҲڿٵĻָƺԼΪʲô⵽ˡ
лҶȣû뵽ѧԺȽôͼˡ
ۿҶѧԺŴȵĹھѾ֪ԼҶȣ¶֮ɫ
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Ҷ˵һ䣬ȻָȫʢʱڻҪһʱ䣬ʱ䲻ˣɽټԲһЩǿߣĪɽλá
죬죡
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ʱ䲻У̫ˣûиһصİ취
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γɣεķסˣϢһ˿һй¶ȥɳĮ֥һ̷ȥӴľը
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һʱ䣬Ҷص˵ҿ˵סǰһƬƣǽڶˣԺ棬һԫϱڵľ
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һ˵ĲӣĪɽھм룬󲿷ֵӶۼڴˣѽִµļ˾˳


239 Ʒ
˶֪ʲô飬ֻܾȥɽִ֮ͬһ˿֮ɫ
ִԼļ˶ȳˣŸм֮鿴һӣվӣɵĿһɽ˵
еɫ䣬Щ϶һԭЩ֧ɽĳϴʱҲԥ֮ɫȻվɽһߣɽħ壬ԸԼҲ¶֮ɫ
ɽڻкλ˵ħ壬ɣȻǰ飬ħôԴġ
һȣеɽѹ
һɺԣ˵˵ʲô֤ݣһǱ򣬹ſڿӣҡ
ɽһȻϣ˵ִǺ˵˵
û뵽ɽҲһҵҺܱ㡣
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ΰף㲻Ҫ˵ĹûʣƾƬ֮ʣ˵ɽħ壬ݺĳ
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Ҷ˵ͷһУǰһĻȻͼħ幥ĳսʮּңʱ򣬴Ӱ߳һӰɽħʲôһͷħ峯һħ
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ʮŭǰˣðɣԼµĵвˣָоֱܴ裬޷÷ŭݡ
ҶҲ˹ȥҿס˵ҿˣ


240 Ļ
һۣ˭Ҳû뵽ɽеվЮˣвһЩ϶ȥˣ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ңʲôȻЮ
һϺǳ⣬޶ԣĶ󽫶񶾵Ҷ㡣
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Ҷ㶼ò˼ˡ
ŶˣĿĵҿѾˣҪľĪɽڵȷУϢһ죬Ҵľ㿴Ҫ١
ͻȻת˻⣬Ѿ֪ҶĿˡ


241 ȡľ
ͻȻˣҿѾҶĿĸˣʱ˵
ǾͶлˣ
Ҷ˫ð⣬ľѾˣֻһغ֮ˮҶ㻹ûʲôͷֻжʮʱ䣬ҶҪץʱˡ
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Ҷֻ΢΢ЦЦһȷʵĶˡ
͸һɳĮ֥ö޵ڵ͸ˣҲûõĳֵĶҵһƬ⡣
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ڵҶС
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Ҷ֣޵ڵȷʵǺöҶգֻᱩһĿǰΪֹҶյĶǳ侳ң۷ȣԶ
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غ֮ˮ֮У˵侳侳Ҳ޷֮ҵ侳޷ɳһ죬˵ããˡ
һӽҶϣȫˣ侳޷棬Ҷûκλõغ֮ˮˡ
֪иطеغ֮ˮ»δȥˣ㻹ǲ֪Ϊá
ͻȻһתҶȼϣ
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ЫһϵɣҲǴӼϿģ߶еӶŮӣֻҪЫͻᱻЫһڣֶҺᴫ棬ÿһ˶Ыĳʮֺݶʮֳˣ˿һɸɱ
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Ҷû˵˵ˣϾŮӣ˵̳Ыĳܲζ
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һҶȻ˼ȥЫһˡ
˵ͷ̶ѨҶҲҪһ
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ӽЫλøҶ㡣
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һʱ䣬ָǰ棬һ޴ľ֣·ܳƲ񷣬һ
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˵ľֻһŴڷԲԲֵڶ꣬Ϊﻹһš
Ҷ㿴ľԱߣֳһţֻʮ׸ߣδͣѾһ˿֮
Ҳ޷ͣʵټҪĻľ͸㣬Ͼһ֦ɣҪܶͣʡܶʱ䡣
ҲͲΪľԱֳһꡣ
ǾͶлˣ
ҶԭΪֵһ֦ɾͲˣȥɳΪľܵõһľºСҲǿٱ
㻹ôȻˣŰɣ
Ȼеۣһľֵ𣬾ԴҲỻģҶо֮˵һľһ֦ͳȥ
Ҷһץ濪ʼһѿǹһ㣬죬Ҷ㽫СľԲʮ׵һ
ǰľԭΪԳ֣ϾľҪֱ֣ܽߣõİ취ǽԲʮ׵ĵطһһߡ
ҶССһ侳Ȼʮ׷Բ˹ٴһץΪһֻľץ˹ȥǵأεĽľħ֮ȥ


242 ѩԭ
Ҷ̬ݺݵĽľһڵĶڳ֣ľ˽ȥʧ
𾪵ԸӣָȻҲȡľǾܳ죬ʱľͻȱԼ
ǰڶǴָһĿռ䣬Ҷϵ׻жܣ˵
ûȥѯʵĴ㣬ÿ˶ԼܣҲһܶ߱ˡ
ȡľ֮˴ӽ֮߳ҶûжֱǳʣʱҶ㲻ڵȥԭҶס죬Ծ֮꣬ҶȥѾҲ
֮ʱҿԽҶ͵ɽ֮⣬õ࣬ҿʵ˷츲صı仯۵ı仯侳ϴ跥ëҿ˵ǰ;һƬҶҲΪˡ
Ҷ㣬ڣ
ҿ˱һȭʮָмҶ㣬Ҷ㣬ҲҿˣĪɽڣҿμġ
ڣ
ҶתһԾʧڵҿ˵֮УҶûлص壬ֱӳѩԭȥȥЫһˣܻܲõغ֮ˮ
˵Ыеغ֮ˮǵʥˮ˸޷Ϊˣ޷õغ֮ˮҶ˼ɲôˣȥԣİ취
ſ˫ᣬҶһ·裬˾Ϣһ£˾ͳԵ⣬һ죬Ҷ㶼δֹͣУóͼҶпʧݣ޷ɳȥ
ԽɣԽԽͣ˵侳֣Ҷо⣬ֺܴ͸˵Ĺͷܽ裬޷ֵɺ⡣
ҺҶЩ溮ħգ͵棬ĺڼǴĺ֮ҪȺ黹Ҫ̹ǡ
ʱҶ㶼ҪˣǰһƬѩȫֱ治ҶֻƾоУＫٿɫֲÿһɽ֮϶ѩǣ󱱷Хһһ㣬иҶȫʹ
ɽ紵ҶоƤʮָҪѿеٶ𽥻ֻܵͿշУԽϣԽǿ
ѩԭ棬ﻷʮֶӣڵ侳޷ȥܻıһƬЫͽ챱ѩԭôҶѰңڴ룬˭֪Ы
䣡
Խ룬Ҷ㶳촽ˣֻüӿ˾ħյٶȣ֮޷棬Ҷֻѹھħ棬ȵԺʵ﷢仯սȥ
ҶǸо˿־壬ǰĲ磬Ǳ磬ЯһЩֱɷٴռ䣬Զγɵһ̬Ӳ̶ȿȷҶǿҲ޷ܱײ
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˫һ䣬飬ǵֻǱƫȻδܽ飬ǿҶһƬƽԭش쫷緢ŭҶ֮£ֻܳȥȥҪ䴩
֮Ҷѩ棬ѩм֮ҺҶ㷴ӦʱƯڿУűѩ档
ҶһƤЩҪóȥģڶҶóϣ䡣
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ҡҡͷ̫̫࣬Ҷ㲻ʲô鶼֪ȻղǸ޵Сˣϻ¼ԵĽӡҶã޷塣
ҲûʲôͷҶ˳ŲԵĽӡƮ˹ȥ˫̤ѩҲֻһĺۼҶʩչǰ
үү㣬С׶ʧˡ
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Ů治ԶһˣΡΡϸȥ˫Żûŵ滬У·ضΪһ塣
үүﻹһӡ㿴˭ġ
ǰʮŮһԳ裬ʮֿɰʱֵϻһӡ㣬ѩܿͻὫӡڸǡ
ͻȻһ䣬ŮߣͷҲһԽӡ
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ʮʱ䣬Ҷое㲻Ծ˵ֱ͵ĸоָоߵԡ
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֮ϵ£ɢħһ㣬ԶɽϵİѩһƬƬ䡣


243 ޹
˵̸ҶˣӦ˫ɱӶԹֻߺ񿴿ˣԸἰǰĶԹ
ѵҪնݳЩҴŮأǣֻǲ飬Ů˶壬һסʮ꣬ǻҵˡ
Ҷ󻨼ʮ˸Уү̵ĵطһסʮʱ䣬޷ļį
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һǹϮǰ֮ǹһģ£·ʮ𣬵һѿһ޴ѷ쳯Ҷ


244 ն
޸ڿγһƥӡǣΪһͷǰһӣǰӶ
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սҶֻܿΣ޷裬ΣҲǶҶĪܶණֵѧϰ

ҶſнֵʱԶִһҽŮǰһӣѪֹȻСŮˡ
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ಣ
Ҷٴγ֣һŮںʮ֮⡣
֮ѩһڵʣǾ綾ı֣ѩˣˣͱ壬ΪһѪˮ
磬ллң
ŮŷӦԭɱˣҶһ
û£
Ҷ㽫СŮ£ܺʧŮվԭأǰһŲ֮ɫ建ȥ
磬似үүҵĶ򲻹˼ҡ
СŮ죬ȻҪҶ似
ҶһͷߣСŮ似˿ԼȻ˵үү̵Ķãֻȱʵսˡ

Ҷ¶Ϊ֮ɫ߱ʽҶ㲻˵ǣ̫Ķûħű书޷ʩչ߱ʽ
ȭѾ似飬ñҲͨȭѾҶˣҶ̣ҲΪ
磬ѵ㲻ϽҿүүóööĶ㣬ֻҪϽҡ
СŮȻģҶӣͯ˵
СãǴ粻㣬Ǵ似ʺСŮ
ҶоСŮʮֿɰԴҶ룬Լôһɰöá
Ŷ˰ɣ
СŮָܿһӣٲҶ似
磬ģΪʲôҸүүסʮˣӰû
СŮͻȻҶʵ
·ˣߵ
Ҷû˵ԼѰЫֻǰԼһ·ˣ̫Ľʡ
㻹뿪𣿴磬ʲôӵġ
ŮһԴ۾ģҶʵʮʲô硣
𡭡Ժ󳤴ˣȻͻ֪ˡ
СŮľ͸һŰֽһҶ㲻С϶ܶ಻֪Ķɱ¾ʱ޿̲ٷаϡ
ֲ˵
СŮ˵С졣
үүңҲңǶǻˡ
СŮ˵ȻҶˣŹϵĵ񣬿Լүүڸ߽֡
СãΪʲôҪ
Ҷʱʵ
үү˵磬ŰᵽģΪʲô룬Ҳ֪ÿүүˡ
СŮ˵Щ˸УһʮСŮӦаиֵͯ꣬ǰСŮС͸ѩش򽻵ֻһΪүүҶоĳ񾭴ˡ
ǰʱҶ㲻Ҳǹ¿꣬һ


245 ܾ
СŮԴҶͬĸоҺԼļˣҲԼˣҶʮ㡣
֮ϣذѾ˵Ӱӣ֮ϣѾ֮ߣշ־Ų㣬Ӧ졣
ÿһӦһ㣬ֻдﵽؾգƾһжǴ˵
Сãүүʲô磡
վѩСڵһҶģʱСŮʵﱧһ׵СҶ׷Сޡ
үүңҺ˵һΣһƺʲ죬ûˡ
Ҷ˵ͷӦôӻˣҡ
䣡
ʱ򣬿ͻȻһ޴ײԶɽȻһ޴Ѻۣס
ǿߣﲻȫ
ҶǣСŮԶȥս꣬ԶɽѾصףҶղվĵطȥ
׾룬Ҷͣоľȫ˱仯ɽ岻ˣղŻһƬƽԭĵطʱһӣð֮
϶û뵽ʮȥˣȻͻء
֮ϣɫԭΪԼͻأԱѩޣȴû뵽ǰĶҲͻˣʵѷֳʤ
ԩԩ౨ʱˣ쳾ΪͱˣϷŹүˡ
ߺ˺쳾еĴɱɱһӣֻƽӣӳʮ꣬Ǳˡ
˵˾ͿɱҰͽֶ֮һ벻ݡ
˶ӣòͽܣ̳Լ²ֱҶɱʧȥǡ
һжԵ
̾Ϣһ
ϻ˵첻
һһƳߺɨҺڶ죬ԪҪɢ
ڵ棬ѽƬѩԭһա
죬һҪһն񣬴ÿһ춼棬˭Ҳ֪ǲġ
˺ܿսһ𣬵֮ףѩµøˣղž޴ѾѩǣղŴսĺۼ
һֱҪҹսûֹͣҶҲû뿪ĵš
ԭҶ뿪ץʱѰЫȡҵغ֮ˮǿСŮɪɪҶĲ̣ϵСŮϡ
лл磬Ǻˣ
СŮа˭þǺˣҶЦЦСܿǸӣȻֻʮ꣬ڸǲ͵ģ鶯Ĵ۾ʮԡ
үүһֱס𣿡
Ҷ㶯֮ģʼΪСŮүүԷɱСŮô졣
ҼµʱҾһֱʮֻ꣬Сҡ
СŮָС׾ǻ׵СǱһֺеޣѩ֮УʮûʲôҪи츳ܣʮС
һҹʱܿȥСŮȻʵҪҶ㻹ҪߣûҶǿҲδ촽ϣҶֻýڻͷŵΪȡů
ɫ΢΢СŮҶ㻳˯ˣҶûȥǿգҶֲõĸоձ·ĩռҪһ
ģ
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ۣ
Ѫ֮ӰӶ֮Уϼ¡
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үү
СŮವһҶĻ˳ȥڶ·ȥ
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СŮԼүүԹȥˣʼ
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˷ҵĿԣ΢΢
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СŮߣٳɽ¸ȥүүؼҡ
ҶվԭûԶߴʹݿԼҰڣҲܾ޴ˣǿվֱ
˶һ˼֮󣬺߰Ͳסˣһ䣬ȻԶȥɱҶ㡣
߷ߣҶ㿴һСŮķ򣬿ֻʣһСڵˣٸϣҪ֪ôˡ
һ˼ȻڱѩԭҲ֪ЫڣҶҲֻǱһ˿
Сʱʱ䣬Ҷ㽥׷ϣСŮӽһɽ֮Уڱʯסȥ֮ûüסڣҶŽ룬ʯϡ
ʯ֮Ҷоһԭ̵ҽҶ
ɽ˿ˣ沼õĸûʣжһӦȫСŮ߷һϡ
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֪ǰĺ⣬ǵغ֮ˮڱصãòҾȥ
Ҷʮ־͸һɸ㡣
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ΪҶϧ
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λӣлĺ⣬˼꣬Ѿ죬лӵĺ⡣
ߴű˵ԼνϧʮŮ֮оǲ֮ɫ


246 
ǰ㲻µģ
Ҷ㰲οһ䣬ʶѾ鿴һߵƣַǳأķ󲿷飬סڲʧ֧Ų˼졣
ʲô֣
ߴԼóһöҩ̷ȥоָ٣ʱҶʵ
СӽҶ㣬ѧԺһӣ
Ҷ߸й۲ʵش
ǰܸ֮ʲôԹ𣿡Ҷ˵
˵ʮǰ·ӣһӼ°ӣ޶ñǿһŮһߣֱȽأӴˣ
ߴһ˿ŭ˿ΪǼڡ
ӾǺߵĶӣ
Ҷ֪ˡ
ûɱ֮󣬵ҳȥϻؼʱ򣬷ӶϱȫɱֻŶ֮У˷ˮͰ֮Уˮײһ١
ߺݺݵ˵һҲ壬ͻȻĻ䣬쳾ŮĴˣ֪ɱԼӵֻû׷ߵ䣬ʮʱ䣬ڲ鵽һ˿˿
Ҷ̾ϢһΪߵĶΪ߿ҲδǰһҲϧ
Ҷ㣬ܴӦһ𣿡
˵֮Ҷʵ
ǰ˵ֻҪܼһӦ
ҶԥĴӦܷ֮ʹŮڴˣɼʮֿ㡣
չŶҲýҪ뿪ĵĻŶ
ʮ˸У᲻õĻŶС޸ĸԼ׵үүҲҪȥ
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ץסҶ˫֣ס
ֻƼˮ꣬ΪôңŶʵͣŵҲһ֣ԱӦûʲô⣬˵ҪȥЫԼδ֪
Ҷ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
㲻Ҫˣһҵһۼ㣬Ҵ濴ϣڶŶȻߣһУܻУŶ̫Саŵ磬浣;
˵Ķʵ
Ҷ˵ͷŶ̫С磬һǳĲӦҪտ
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Ҷ㿴ߣ¶֮ɫ
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˵꣬ʼҾȻҪҶ㡣
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Ҷﶫ壬ɱ潭ħֻǵһҶҪ潭ħаħڵˣҶҪ岼õĹҺϴʱϻأɱħһԺڼô죬˸ǿĵô졣
ȻˣҲȰ˵ˣЫ˵֮ңûָ㵽˵ؽ磬Ҳ޷ҵ
߿Ҷ¶Ȼ֮ɫȰ˵
һʱҶû뿪Ŷһֱүүߣûֹס
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ߴĳŶ˵
ҲҲ뿪Ҫүүһ𡣡
Ŷ˺ѷΣһʱ䣬үүݲ٣ɫԽԽףڿʧ
ɵӣҲˣһүүԣҪˣӦүүԺҶĻ
߽Ŷȥһ̣ʮΪͻȻֿʮܣҶվһԣĿһУȾۿеʪ
ŶԣŶүүĻˣŶҪ뿪үү
Ŷһ߳ҭһ˵ס
úӣүүһӣүүˣҪϢһʱ䣬үүʱڻ
߾ȻҪҶھʹŶ뿪ŶĳҲŶ룬֤Լүүš
ҶʮߵĿԣŶ֪Լүүˣһ뿪վǣŶ֣ҪŶߡ
Ŷүү岻ҪϢһʱ䣬ȴȥ磬үүָˣȻͻǵġ
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үүĻŶ𣿡
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һ
ǽЫ൱Ым֮ԵһЩ飬Ͳ֪ˣöƣһȥܻܲų಻ұ֤Ϊ֮
ߴӻóһöƣҶӹ͸˿˿Ʊ۶ϣֻһ룬һ벻֪ȥˡ
лǰ
Ҷм˵һ䣬ǣٸҶһʱ䣬ƶҲЫڡ
ȫ벻Ыڲٵ棬֮ϣ⻹߸Ҷġ
ˣǿ߰ɣҪϢһʱ䣡
߻˻֣ҶϽ뿪
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үүһȥģİɣԺҪ
ᣬ̫ķŲ£Ŷʧ⡣
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뿪ɽҶ㽫ʯϣɫѾˣơ
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ŶͻȻղһֱαװģ֪ԼүүҪˣԼģ뿪
ģүүģֻˣҪϢһ¡
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һʱ䣬ŶʲôҲû˵ķȻûκʱỹԼ
Ҷ̾Ϣһ𿾺õ⣬͵Ŷϡ
Ŷ㲻Ҫˣϲ֮飬˭Ҳ޷⣬үүʵǿһָģ㲻Ҫˡ
Ҷ㰲ο
磬㲻Ҫοˣ֪ǶΪҺá
Ŷ˸֮飬һʱ䣬Ҳ嵭˲١


247 Ы
ŶӹҶݹ⣬׽תӣֻ
Ҷû˵һʱ䣬Ҷ뿪壬ѩԭ򽻽֮¶ȱȽϸһЩǱѩء
ѩԭѾʱˣʱϢ֮Ҷվӣ·
ŶҪȥһ飬ǳΣգȴҲҪȥ֮ҲܰȫͼָʾҵƳǣҵļ壬ǻᰲԺ𣿡
Ҷһ֮УҵһջŶڿջ֮УҲҪȥĵԼ⣬ҶҲ׼ȥݵĵͼѾˣŶԼȥҶҡ
磬İɣŶ֪һġ
Ŷöˣ϶һЩЦݣǱŽҵҲ죬үүĻ
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ˣҶ뿪䣬Ʋ֮ϷȥЫҲֻһʱʱ䣬ҶŴ˴
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Ҷ޷˾ƺȻγɸͼΣʱ¹ʱͻʱʱûΡ
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һŤҶ㳯ڶץȥҹĹҶ㽫ڶ˿ƣҲǶƺ֮ϡ
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Ҷ㣬ҪǵĹϣܸһ¡
ҶҲֻԵһ£ҲǺãҲһѰ׹ǣҶһ׷£Ů֮鿴ĺܵ
Ыֹӽ룬ڿ˵Ҫ
ŮչȻ𿣬Ψһе䣬ŮϿһ˿Ц⡣
ϣܽöƽ蹬֮֡
Ҷ㲻뽫ִ󣬵˭ûкôŶүүԼ˳
ŮһץҶеƾȻ˹ȥ


248 
ŮһץҶеԼ˳ȥŮС
ϸһۣŮüͻȻ΢һ¡
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Ҷʮ侳ΧսҶ޼ɵɱˣҲӦҶ㲻ˣüβ㱻С
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ʥŮصԼ֮Уʼӷ䵹񣬲֪ѰʲôܿһҵһöƣȻҲǰ飬Ҷղóİһޣȫһ档
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249 Ы
Ҷ㱻Ů޷侳ǰҶСĸһֱһ㣬ֻ׸

Ҷ㱻ӽһ֮У泱ʪʮİҺҶʵδ⵽ƣνʮأҶ˫դϣȻ޷
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һ֣ԸʥŮ̸ȥ
ʥŮĬĬתӣȥֽƣƴСҲΨһ֤Լݵ

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ҶӶòмġ
ʱһ˵ҵЫ֮أֱӴָҪʥŮʱһȷʵҸоԼǰЩӹ֬׷ۣǰŮȣǰЩŮ˵Ь䣬һʱȻĳˡ
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ЫȻǿ󣬵һҲǳصģʮһؾǣһҲǾţЩӹ֬׷Ҷ֣ӣЩȫƽ
Ҷ㰵ľʮ侳ҶѾ𾪲ѣʮʹľѣԼҪӿٶȡ
ž̫ϳϳˣǱҴ仨ˮЫûҶ֣֮ʥŮǰ
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ǲģӮңȻǰȥˣҪԶЫЫѣɸҸҶġ
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ʥŮ嵭дȻҪ
˵̾Ϣһӻ֮лָ
Ǳ𣿡
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250 ʥŮʻ
Ҷ֪淢ʲôˣʵ
緢֮ʱôܲӦء
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ҴӦģôԡ
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ʶ˲ʩչѸƴ󷨣ֱӳʥŮǰ棬ʱʥŮͻȻһѪȻȼԼȫѪֱʧԭأյλá
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ΪЫĵӴСͱСֹö֮ЩŮӾΪ˶Ǻöʱһ£ӰˣӴԺЫٳ֣һţЫ¡
Ϊڵ֮УҶҲֱ治컹ǺҹҲ˵ˣҶ㲻Ըȥ֮С

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ŶүүΪҲаƣʥŮҲа飬ȻһģһҶҲǳĸӡ
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ʥŮԼ˳Ҷӹƣϸһ£һģһΨһͬǣҶǿߣһʥŮұߣһˣϲһ𣬾顣
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Ϊû뵽ֻ֪Ƶʲôˡ
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ҶڵϣʥŮ߰ʥŮ߰ʥŮܷŵ̬úõĸҶ˵ҲԼῼǸŶүүĳ࣬ǿʥŮָ߸ϵӣҶ͸оŤ
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εĴŻϣһƬڰ
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ҶЦһ䣬Ҷһ׷ѰɫĲǺء
СӣԵ벻뿪ҿ԰뿪
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лǰĺ⣬õغ֮ˮǲ뿪ġ
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ҶˢһվҲವһӵϵо濪ʼζ洫֮
ǰ淢ʲôˡ
Ҷæʵ


251 Ы֮
ζԽԽңҶ㲻ȣεڵء
Ҫ˵ҸоһǿϢ
һ·ͷ£Ȼϻ۹ҶĿһžӣҶ㶼ʡ
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𾪵˵һ䣬侳ÿһأǧ꣬˲֪ǳصأһǧʱ䣬ֻǧʱ䣬ؾ۷壬ǾţһˣƼǧҲ޷һء
ҪͻأҪʱãس֣¶֮ɫ
Сӣʱ뿪ˡ
ޱ֣أҶ˵
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Ķܾҵĺ⣬ҾЫ׸𡣡
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ħ棬̫Ȼħһ𹥻Ы
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ħڿзЩŮӶɵˣΪ顣
Ҷ˽ˣƵħ濴Ыò⵽ܾЫˣһֱģа֮ħһ𹥴Ы
ԶգʥŮҲˣٳڹߣ֣׼ӭս
еЫǿ֣ҪŮ˵ȨЩ˸ȥ
Ыһ£еӶս׼

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ҶСӣÿԿһϷЫŮ̫ˣҲˡ
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Ыϣһħ棬һȭħˡ
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ħ淢һֽУʮ
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γɵһ̣ЩսĵӶĽɱʥŮͻײ޷ƴ
ҶСӣĻˣܰЫҲǻһ飬غ֮ˮ
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Сôôأȥɣ
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ɵŮˣȹ˼Լɣ˼ɱҡ
Ҷŭһ䡣
˭ɵŮˡ
ʥỤ̊Ȼ˸ɵŮˣĻ

γ֮ܳڶһĶſ޴ڵϹҪҶʯǿǧֹ֮˻ؽ顣
Ųͬʦö֮£ʥŮȷ˼ҶˣһתҪǰЩƿ
Ҷ㴦֮У󷨴ɱ⣬Ҷ㰵ľ
ʲô󷨣Ȼǿ󣬹ô㣬ܸǷԲ׾롣
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ʥŮҪҪЩӣһȥͱĻ˻ۿǰĵӱɽȥ
ʥŮң
һ侳ӱɽȥʥŮȴΪ
ϲٵ±ӣﻹҷܣ֮ϣЫг϶ħξסˣһʹļףٶԽԽ졣
ʥŮ¶ŭ⣬˪ʱø䡣
һ䣬ʥŮٴγǰ״ƽһĹȥ
Ǭλڷλ
Ҷ˼һ£ͻȻʥŮ
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λ
Ҷٴ˵ʥŮûԥҶ˵Ƶһޡ
λλ
ΪҶֻе侳޷ޣʥŮ侳۷壬һָ㣬һϵ޷죬ЩӷһУʼΪʥŮ͡
һ٣ʥŮƵûҶҵʥŮ޷ƿ
ȶλλ
Ҷüͷ΢Խ󷨼ֱϵ޷죬ĿǰΪֹҶҲֻƽЩޣ޷ҵ
֮ϵսȻħһʮħҪǿ
Ȼ󷨸֣
󷨲ϱȥħϿȥҶָʥŮ󣬴һУֹ⻪תٴһ䡣
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𣡡
ǰĹͻȻһ㣬ʯˣ֮㣬֮ܽʯһ֡
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ಣ
ҶͻȻʥŮסڻԶȥ
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䣡
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㡭
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콫ҷſ
ҶıסʥŮоǰԼؿڣʮʱʥŮһȣϽ˫ɿ
ʮֹ죬Ҫһʱܽƿ
ҶϵĻҳεıڸǹȥˡ
㻹취
ʥŮҲ޲ߣʱЩӶۼһ£ܽȥЫҪȫû


252 
֪䣬ʥŮȻҶ㵱ԼˣҶİ취
ܹԽԽ󣬲ٵ¶־֮ɫҶͷ϶ð亹ڲ˼֮
Զȥֻ뿪֪ȥˣָˣҶֻԼ
Զһ֮УվһĹǰ棬Ĺ˵ҲмǧˣЫĽأĹء
С÷û뵽һǧȥˣǸú𣿡
ǰĹͣ˵

뵽취ûУô󣡡
Զʯ˻м俿£ʥŮʱҶ˵˾벻ǺԶʥŮҲܸܵҶʮֽ
ˣڵȵȡ
Ҷʾ֭˼֮
ʯʮ֮ߣžʯԽԽߣϵľʯںϵһ
ʯǿֻ֮Ҫоʯ󷨣ÿһͷʯ˶侳ʵЩǶ֡
ӴѹЩӶ޷̧ͷʯгһ޴ʯͻȻ֮䣬ʯЩޱȡ
ҿɢҪۼһ𡣡
ʥŮʱͻȻȣ˷ֿܵС˺ܶࡣ
ЩʮæʼɢǻľСɢҲв˾ۼһ
䣡
ʯ£϶һʮĴӣҺøղЩɢˡ
ǳΣʯ˼£Щ˾ҶҲһ
ಣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶͻȻȥʥŮһʯ˾ҿҶ
׻󣡡
ҶϷöʯͻȻʯ˵ǰ棬ʯ˲䷢ɹâݻһͷ޴׻ʯ˵ֵ
󣡡
Ҷһ䣬һͷʯǰ棬Ǽöʯ֣һɫʯ˲סˡ
ҶȻʩչ󷨣Ƶʯˡ
󣡡
Ҷٴα仯ַͬǰɫƲʣ޴ʯ˰סˣʯ޷
󣬵ش󡭡
Ҷһʩչ󷨣ʯ赲סˣֲ˶ãʯ˾ͻҶ󷨣ֻصã޷ʯƿ
ЩӿĿϾӣҶַˣʥŮҲһû뵽Ҷ㻹һ󷨴ʦ
֮ϣħԼ赲ÿҶ㲼һ̣¶һ˿ɫ
С˼Ȼֵܵҵʯ󣡡
ħЦֱһʯͻȻУҪҶ
ģ
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Ҫһ˲УҪİ
Ҷ뵽ʲô취ʱʥŮ˵
ȻҲв侳ӣǶûʥŮʵǿЩ侳ӲǺܶ࣬ۼһ𣬵ֵħĳǰֻʥŮܰҶˡ
Ҫô㣡
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ʥŮҲˣҶе
ȷǿߣʱٵˣұƴһΡ
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Ҷ׼ڷɵһ̣˫ͻȻע˫֮ϣƮƮģûһ˿
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Ӱҷ֣
ҶͻȻһΪгӰӣ֪һǱ壬ʯԥһ£֪ùһҶڳ˻ᡣ
ӰӣͬʱΪǣʯ˵زҶʯ˵ڲҶڶģʯ档
ϣ
Ҷײʯ棬ʯ˵ľȭԼϣһҵҶ˫ֱӲʯ棬εĽ̶סˡ
ÿһʯ˶ʯѻɣҶʱſһ鷿ӴСľʯϣһ䣬Ծȥ
ʥŮѾ˳ȥˣҶһֻһ㣬ſʯ棬ȭȻˣΪҶ㵣ģҶˣЫеӽȫʯ֮£ЩԼ޷˼ǡ
еӵͬʱۼҶϣҶһʯ˵ͷ
޴ͷһӴСҶȥ֮󣬲վӣǵ£ʯ˵첿ȥ
ʯ˺ܵΣһҪҶ㶶ȭҶ嶸Ȼץ¡
Ҷ㴦ڼΣ֮Уʯ˲϶ҶƶĻᣬצҶץץУҶܱࡣ
ǧһ֮ʣҶһ˼ľٶշ𣬵צԼץһ̣Ҷ嶯ˣӾצмѷ˹ȥ
˶ҶľٶһѺצͻȻ£ҶñצУھצ£һ̣Ҷָм˳һ䣬ʯ˵
ͨ
ҶоһƬڰæʶó̽ȥ֪Լʯ˵ڲ
ʯڲտյҶʶʼ̽ϣҵʯ˵ࡣ
飡
Ҷ弱ٳȥһʯͻȻ£ԼУҺҶʮ־裬û뵽ʯڲҲйⲻô򵥣Ҷ޷⣬ķ롣
Ȼ⣬󷨿侳õģӵط֮󷨣Ҷġ
һʯҶҶұܣСĿռŲܿʯ˵
ʮ⣬ЩӴʱֱۼһʯ˾ֻа֮ңȫ£ȭ£˶Ҫҳࡣ
ʥŮĿҶȥķҲ֪Ҷ㵽ܲܽƵ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ㿴ǰһǺڰеһյơ
Ȼͽʯڲѹ޷潫Ƶ
֮ҶȷϣʯʯڲҶ㻹ǲҴ⣬建ĳƮȥ
ˣ
Ыζѱ򴩣ʮ侳ڿ໥һƬƬճѺۣ޷ָ
ʯ˲ž޴ĽŲһȥǺü׵ľ룬׾룬Ҳʮʱ䣬ٵŵζ
ʯ˵ľȭѾʱ׼£ɵЩӹ侳ʯϣֻܻһƬʯ飬޷ʯȫ顣
ʥŮһûг֣ƽʯں£ʮȭ£磬£Ыһ
ӣ
һŮӱ۾ĵʯ˵ľȭѾڰϡ
ʥŮ񳯹ķȥֹħΧ̫ϳˣʧȥս
һ޴ȭͷʥŮͷϷҵĿ罫Сʯ鶼ʥŮ˿۾
ھȭҪµʱͻȻ䡭


253 ķŭ
֮ϣʯȫǣֻҪʯ£ЫҪһеӶ޷⡣
ʯҪµһ̣ͻȻ䣬ʯ˷ǵȻԭأʯֹͣ䣬һжֹˡ
֮󣬲˿ʼ˫ۣʯͷֻм֮ңʯˣֽٺĸо
ʥŮ˫ۣʯֹͣҶȥʯ˿˹ȥҶʯ˵ȫã˸⡣
ڸ㶨ˣ
ҶһԾʯʥŮߡ
ҿ뿪ﲻȫ
Ҷ㿴֮ϣսԽԽңʱ˵
ҶǰɽʱȽϰȫ
ʥŮ˵ͷʱкһ˿ʼɽȥѱ򴩣ʮ侳ǿһ֣㳱ˣڿбڡ
Ҷû뿪Ŀգ侳Ĵսǧѷ꣬Ҷ㲻Źеľ飬ԼĪĺô
Ϊʲô뿪
һҶ֣ʥŮȻҲδ뿪վҶ
㲻Ҳû뿪𣿡
Ҷеˣ˿塣
˶û˵һ𳯿пȥЫ𽥳·磬ʮ̫ϳʵǿҲأħʵҲأ󲿷ֶظҡ
ֻЫǿ֧֣ڣħҲֲ֧رħ棬ͻ֮ټħһ𹥻ЫԱ֮˳ݺЫ
ĶȰ㻹ǹԹԵ־ܣʵʵĴ棬ҲһῼǷŹЫȻһЫΪᡣ
ħЦƺûע⵽ЩѾɢȥˡ
ϴȻ󷨸ˣҵʯƵˡ
˲֪ʯֹ֮ͣħһ֪һƣѾ޷ڽʯ˾ۼʱһħ˵
㲻˵ʯ󣬾侳޷ƿôᱻƵ
ħ۽УҪѪϴЫڿɺãֻɱЩʵµĵӣľӢû
ϴϢŭɱЩϲģЩ绨ĴŮÿץȥһա
ʱħ˵޳ɽɱȽЩ侳ɱЩòĵһȥ
˵ûЩɱ˶ϧȥÿʹ͸ͽͽõԼ
ħһЦħ沢糯Ы֣Ыɫࡣ

ڴʱһ̫ϳϱһͷħУԶԶ׳ȥܵ˺һħ빥ЫսţֻҪ˽Ы˲Ϊ
Ķ㻹ڤ粻飬ٲס֣ҾҪɱˣЩϲһɱ
֮ϣ̫߰ϳһ룬ȥ綼Ҫħ֮֡
ħ棬̫Ϊκβ𡣡
Ыһ䣬Ϸ߲ϼ⣬·һɫϼ£Ů·ƶȻ
Ҫ
ʱҶʥŮһȻҪֹ
Щ̫ϳϿ֮󣬶׷¶֮ɫһ𳯹£
ҪǧҪʩչϼһɢܾˡ
Щ̫ϳϷ׷ֹЫ޶ԣȫɫâԽԽʢƺס¡
ʥŮĬĬᣬ˭ҪϼһʩչܱʮһɢҲȫ٣ܾ˵ʽҲͬھ
ħ¶ɵ֮ɫƺԲϼҲжš
ħ󣡡
ħͻȻкһħѾ£ֳ߸λһ󷨣׼֪Ыһ֡
ϼһʩչûк·ЫҪħͬھˣʩչҲһʳЫƴһ
ħ֮նˣ޹⣬·٣Щ̫ϳĬȻᣬ֪Ѿ޷־ˡ
߲Ʒ񷣬Ϊˮϴ쳾
Ыһ𣬵濪ʼǵһѿɽ忪ʼսʼɽ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һƬڰ˭ҲˣҶҲڣ·ʧȥһУӾȫʧ޴ĺܽ˶Ĥ顣
֮ϳһ޴ĺڶ˶ɽȥħӰӿˣЩ̫ϳ뿪Ƴ֣Ĭ
ııģ
ڶ滹ڷҵı˭Ҳ淢ʲôֻܵȵػָ֮ܿ
͵ľʼӺڶ֮档
飡
Ҷ㲻Զһʯ˱һУȻΪ촷ۣҶһ
ԲۣǿĹ
ҶΪһǣԶȥֱ̫Σˡ
֣ʼϺЩɽʱ޷ⱻˣΪ촷ɢڿ֮УѸɿݣ֡
·һӿг£ÿһ£ϾͶһʮĴӣЫһƬꡣ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һԪγɵ˳嵽ɽ֮УһŷϣԭĹŷը䡣
С÷
һĲҽ֣س˺Ѳ񷣬أ˫ڵϲϵţЩϹǺһ
侳ǧ꣬ͷȻ𣬻Ŀ޽УЩϹǣ֮УͷıڻϷɡ
̣
ط·һҶʱڱ仯ŤҶæԴ˹ȥÿղһĻ
ֱڣҶ֪ȥˣԭȥغǧС÷ҲǵһЫʥŮʱ˽Ĺ忪ûױŭĿ߷һŤ
һ˹ǱƴСĽ÷򽫰׹һ𣬱һĹǼܣıţɿ
С÷ǲڷֿˣӴԺ˭ҲǷֿ
û˵һ仰˶ܸܵðŨŨɱ⣬Щĵӣʱۼںɽ˸ղŵһĻ
С÷ߣ
ԭεӴʱޱŤ˷·һͷھѣղ˭Ҳ޷ܵõʮݵӾȻҪȿЩǿƻҪǿеӶЫô侳ǿߡ
һԾʧˣûкڶ֮С

Ӻڶ֮дһŭһӰӺڶ֮з˳ڿͻȻըȻħ˳˻ı˺ˣҲ̶ã侳ǲ
ڶڻʧҶ㿪ʼģĿľħղγһȦεĵЫһڽ֣ʱ򣬻ˣ˲˺ǵ󷨣ħɱ
ʣħһû뵽ħֵĻᶼûУͱɱԷҲزŤӣǿķ򲨶ء
ηˣΪҪЫ
ħ֪ЫܻˣͻȻˣһЫˣдһʡ


254 ĸŮ
ħһŭ⣬󷨣ֱӳ忪ħ˺ѣ궼飬޷ԭ
侳ֻܶ֫ʣһͷ­ܻ
侳ǿʣһѪ⣬ֹǣֻҪ겻Ȼ궼˽𣬾٣һ
С÷ߣ
ֻ仰ȫ񣬴ڷ״̬κ˻ȥΨɱЩƻС÷ͳͳɱ
Ȼ㲻˵ݹˡ
ħһкʣħΧЫʩչϼ֮˲ϣȫ׷Ƥֵ״ӿе

ʥŮһ䣬ɵУסڵ֮ϣҶվڲԶĿһС
սȻڼղħΧЫڻħΧ˾תħƵĴҴܣ½Ƕմ
Ǻαء
ʥŮξӨ飬СʥŮһֱǹ飬ȴʤ顣
úӣܽһĸ𣿡
ʩչϼ֮ȫԪȫĵ˱ޱȲϣȫųɾŵľĴڿʧ֧Ų˶á
ҶͷһΪʲôЫҪʥŮĸס
˵ʲô
ʥŮԭأȻ֪룬ɵɵĿŰ׷ԲԵĹ
ɵӣ㲻һֱҪ֪ĸ˭𣿽Ҿ͸㣬Ҿĸףҷһ󣬴˷飬㣬´ЫأŻѳҴġ
ЫǲɣʥŮӣദʮ꣬Ыһ˽븧ʥŮӡ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҪƭҶʮꡣ
ʥŮͻȻһҽУڵϣҶվڲԶҡҡͷ˼䱯Īڴˣĸ׶ʮ겻ܸԼϣʹ˵ǲҾ御
㲻ģ㸸׸Ҳ֮ԵǾһ𣬺㣬㸸ײ֪ƣ֪סˡ
ЫҶ㽻İ˳ĸ
ʥŮͻȻһӽڻʹޡ
ӣҪѹˣ֪㸸ˣ뿪ˣȻ֪㸸׵мҵˣ׻ðЫڹ棬һϣ㲻Ҫҵĺ·뿪Լ顣
Ыȫˣֱʱ֪ΪһЩνڹ棬סԼһӵҸֱֵ̫ˡ
ҲҪҲʧȥ˸ףĸҶȥ
ʥŮʱѾ֪ԼĸףͻȻľȫһǿĺ⣬ԱһУҶվڲԶܵвҶ˺һڵӳʥŮС
飡
Ҷ֪ʥŮҪʲôˣȻҪ齫Լĸ׶סһס취Ȼ
ڹЫȫһ㾧Өʰ˿ȻָֻǰӣǱ壬ĴҲ취ЫȻˡ

Զ֮ϣִҽУħ껯ΪһСˣ
ңҡ
ħħʹĲҽУ٣ֱסˣֻҪ飬ħֻɢ
С÷ߣ
ޱ飬һɱ¾һ˵Ԫ񶼱ˡ
ʥŮӵվɨһۣĿЫСĵطڿſеսҶ㡣
ǵغ֮ˮлЩˣԺҲڼ㡣
ʥŮ˵꣬Ҷ㶪һƿ˵걧ЫʧԭأȻ뿪ЫѰĸ׵İ취ȥˡ
Ҷε̾ϢһԭҶҪ׾ŶүүŶҲֶŮʥŮҲͲµˡ
ʥŮʧҶҪѾˣֻܼԺлɣԷ˵Ǿ仰ټԼҶ¶ЦһЫ֮䣬ȫĳ޶תˡ
ĸħɫҲᱻħͬھ˵ף˵Ĵ
ʥŮŹһ뿪Щ̫ϳϾȻû뿪Ϊ㲻뿪ʥŮѾʺϼ̳й֮λ
˶УսȻڼ𽥻ָǣĸħɱûм٣ʢ
λǰħֻҪЫ֪ײǰǰ£Ҫ֮顣
ħ滹ǲģϣȥ
֮ĳҲܣ˺С÷Ǿ͸
֮磬ÿһռ䣬ؾĽʣѹסˣ޷侳һ죬˵ʮǧ
ȻǰϰݣҲݹˡ
ħʼһ𣬷ŭ𣬴ɢռؿʼ٣ղγɵЩѷ³
ħĳ޶ãҶĶڻϣ̧֮䣬ÿһζعܷΧתħء
ǿķ֮
ȻҶ㿴ܿԷãÿһֱ̧𣬶ûκһ˿Ȼγɡ
飡
һεˣħסˣȻڿв
ģ
ŻһħˣҲ벻ȥ
ħԼħħŵһ赭дɱַ׾
ǿߣ̫ǿǲǶ֡
ħкһȻҪܣȥ˳綼Ҫڻ֮֡
ߣǻС÷ĹĹѵô𡣡
Ҫߣһץγ˾Ȼ޷ȥһ죬ȻôҶҲû뵽

һλֱ۳ħץ˹ȥŨķγɸ̬ħεĽԭأȻܶ
Ҫɱң
ħһҽУǻûиκλᣬˣǽֻҶɱַҶԵ̫ˡ
ɱ˾ҪݣһԲһ˿ᣬһֻᣬǰԼ·ϱơ
ħħһˣźȻ֮ɫ侳˭Ը⣬ܻǧꡣ
ǵȻˣһжˣתĻᶼûУΪԪ񶼱ˣһ˿ǣתĻᡣ
ϴߣ
ħʱͻȻ˳ȫͣȻҪԱͬھħߡ
ܣ
ħ淢һĲҽУԼΪߣȻɱķʽѡԿѡ
ģ
ֳһ޴ĺڶħͻȻڸм֮ңʱѡԱ㲻ܽըҲըˣħܰȫ뿪ܱȫĺá


255 ޳
޴ĺһУħ˸е񣬿ĺڶħȻΪ˾Լħ治ٶתԶȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ӻ֮һֱ޴ƣڸЫһֱħҪ뿪ȴԼȻһֻסˣֻһָͷа֮
ʹͬ𣿾뿪
Ӻڶ֮У˳ȫòǶѪһͷǶħԴһץħ屻ץ˻
硭
ħֻʣһԴȻδҽС
ܣǴˣӦðǣ
ħ濴ħֻʣһԴҲⲻˡ
粻Ҫ˵ˣȻǽ壬ͬͬͬͬ飬ֵܵ飬ֵһˡ
ħ˵꣬ѡԱһͷ­Ա޷ƣͷ­Ϊһ࣬ɢڿ֮С
ܡ
ħ濴ŶħˣĲҽУҰҹ䣬ʮֲֿ
ûκα飬·ľһ㣬ɱ侳оǳԷˮһ㣬Ҷǰľ֪ѧԺж侳ǿߣֵܷһˡ
꣡
飬ħ⽴Ԫ˳ٴ󱬡
ˣͻȻ䵽֮ϣС÷ĹͷսԼĴָ棬ҶɨһֹۣһԾʧڿռ֮У˭Ҳ֪ȥˡ
Ҷ㿴Ы˲״̾Ϣһ廯ΪһǣҲʧԭأҶЫѾ죬֪ŶôˣҶʮֽ
С߰ɣұ֤ԺܶóԵĺġ
ϣһ忴ǰʮСŮ˵롣
УҪȴ磬óԵġ
СŮȻϵɵ˵
İɣˣڸĴ磬ȸߣǸóԵģղ㲻˵ʹȥԺóԵġ
һʮӣżСŮɨ䣬ȻСŮҲʮңڸǲѾ͵ģرǰѾ߹ģ·
ղһ·СŮʮӣڴãȻţ˾ĵĸһʲ֪СŮˣǳҳԵġ
æ˴ģСŮ޷Ȼʣûһ˵СŮкóԵģȻ˼Ϊ̫ˣˣˮδȻ侳ԲȶûϵСŮС󣬴ûвԶϰߡ
УҪǸˣҲô졣
СŮͻȻ˾֮ģߵʱ߹˭ҲҪţҪȵſԡ
ӿŴ磬ӦǸĹӶһЩɢ֮࣬һЩһЩ񣬻ȡһЩԴСŮϴӦ໥һۣ¶ɫ
Ҷһ·ۣҲһʱʱ䣬Ҵһصǣջٸȥ
ŶһˣҸóԵˡ
ҶƿŶķ䣬ȴûпŶտҲ
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СʧҶľٶһ
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Ҷ㲻ģֱͻȻһʹСʹĲҽС
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ų֪̂ȥ𣿡
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Һ뿴ղýСŮȥӦ߲Զ
꽫ղСŮ˵һ顣
л̨ˣ
Ҷ㽫С˳ȥϷٸȥȻǸղ뿪ģŶһߵĲԶ
ʮ־޴󣬸ֵͨ˴ҶֻäĿѰңʩչһһֵѰȥ

СȻ㲻ϸߣֻýץԺܻȡʯء
һ¶Ŀı飬ǰŮ
˵꣬ӿʼСŮΧһ¶񲻶ϵСŮɨ䡣
磬СŮֱ˶ϧֵܼһԺ
һ¶а֮ɫͷ˵
˵ûСŮ޳ˮģŶһڣϧ̫Сˣڴ꣬ǲ˶
һӴаЦ˵ŸŶȻδ£ǺܶණҲʣ֪Щ˲⣬аݣ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ǶǻˣȻƭң˵ҪóԵġ
СŮŶڷʱ䣬Ȼά壬ЩϰˣÿζˣүүóԵģүүˣŶδӦڵ
ӶˣֻܳҳԵģŶ֪ҪǮȻвԴǲãʮһֱڹȹȫȫһŴİֽ
Ȼڲ֪ƭ
˽СŮƭС棬ӰûУʱ֪ƭСŮҲҪˣҲûκˡ
үү˵˾ҪѵǶǻˣҪѵǡ
Ŷ˵꣬廯Ϊһ磬ͬʱ
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磬Ƿˣô侳ǽϵ׳ԺҲùųϦˡ
˷·𿴵ϣʮ侳ѩԭٳ֣֣ҲЩţ壬ͱ
Сһ㣬Ҫ˺ˣҪץġ
ͷӴһ˽ŶεΧ
Ŷûи˽֣ôɱˣʮֻͣǽ˻ˡ
˶ǵ侳۷壬Ȼ侳ǹöǵѪӣۺݾЩ侳ǿ
Ӷÿ춼ҪһЩʮΣյ˵׼ˣʮֶܣΪƵģرսʱǹɺݾһûɱĶо㤡
ŶȻʮǿ󣬿޷γв˾ҵһЩᣬרһЩʽŶֻܱء
Ǻñɣ޳
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Ҷڴϣʶˮһ㣬ʼɢȥǧ׾޷ӿҶӦŶ뿪Ҳǧ֮ڡ


256 ŶΣ
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໥һֿʼЦ
ΪһĻ֣ܳΪʲôڻ֡
һӴһϷ֮ɫ˫ֶŶС
ͣ
ڴ˫ҪŶʱһƥ֣·ƾðֱն֮ϡ

ͻȻһҽУ˫ձնϣһƵڵϣڲϵıQ
˭˭͵ϮҴү
󺺷һŭǽͷȥһɫӰվǽͷ֮ϣðɱһѪ֮ɫʵһɱһɷħֲɱ۳һٴ¡
꣡
Ӹһ˵꣬ͻȻһΪϽƿ㲻ףΪʲôһˡ
η֣Ϊβһ
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֣Ҷǹһ㣬ʧԭأѸ۷أ϶һһԴ
ͷ˶֪ôģղŵЦ⻹ϣԴѾˣҶϣͷʬ廹δǰĵһˤڵء
磡
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ȭͷӵԴϣһѪĽԽѪ䵽ܵǽϣɺѪȾǽڡ
һɨҶ㳯һ˿˹ȥһ˶ԭأȻǳˣгڿУǺݣҶҪǻкʮ
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ҶıʧСľͷһ˿Լ౻˳¶˺֮ɫŷһ㳯ȥӷʹĺС
飡
౻ҶˣΪһѪɢڿ֮УҲһԪʧͨͷصҶ棬ӿԼ౻飬Ȼûվֱӣķ紵ӣĳ浹ȥûһ塣
磬ҳԱˣ
Ŷ˲ǵ壬Ҷ֣æ˹
ʹؼҡ
ҶǣŶС֣뿪ǣʩչʹ֮Ŷ棬ɹѩԭɹɽɹһһߵĴ󺣣Ҷ㻨֮䣬ڻصݡ
磬ļ𣿡
Ҷصݵһ飬ǳƳǸȥ뿪Ҷһʱ䣬֮ǰҶڼһʲôΣգͻ֪ͨ壬һ°Ȼδֲ
ûǴļңϲԶסȥϲҲŴһȥѧԺ
Ҷʹ֮簮ŶԴʮ͡
ֻҪҾ
Ŷ뿪Ҷ㣬үүֿ֮ŶѾҶ㵱Լˡ


257 Ҷ
Ҷ㻨ʱ䣬ڴѩԭϻػƳǣֻƳǷ˾仯ǰҶȻ޸ˣֻȼ߶
ھƳǼ֮ʮｹһƬæǧҹæµĽεضÿһǳĺΰ˵Ѿһ
ڿ㣬ҶүҪˣǻû깤Ҷ
Ҷվڸǽ֮ϣЩڲæµʱһΪҼ͡
ҶҵľٶѾƳǣܱһЩǣ֪ҶҳõӣᣬԺڱȹھմ⡣
֪Ҷص壬ԴԺмʦţΪҶأʱҶڿԴ缫һʱ
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ռһ𶯣˶ֹͣп˹ȥִӿһһŮ
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Ҷ㿴Լױڶˣʮ˷ܣһҶ֪ʲôһЩȫ׳֦ԸҶҽˡ
ÿŵ̫̫࣬ҶӦֱӲˣ뽨֮С
ߣȥ˵
ҶҶ㳯ȥ˿ûʮϣЩֻܹԹԵĸں档
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ҶѲһ㣬ҶĴ£ӲһŶԹԵĸʮϡ棬췿Ӷ˵һʮֺ顣
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ŶһӴЩίһйȻ£֪үүˣڱ˹ģָоŶҵ˼ҵĸо
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Ҷ򵥵Ľ״˵һ飬ʮϴǰϣһЩĵҶҲʵѪҺܳԶķչȥ
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Ҷ㱾Ҳ㣬ҶǰˣҲҶȥˡ
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ҶղŸҪ˵ʲô飬Լˡ
Ҹ˵ÿ仰ĸ׶ἰϣܴӦңԺʲô飬ҪúõĻȥǧҪκη׸׵˼𣿡
ҶϿĺƽҶܸܵ淺˲е
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ҶҲ֪ԼΪһʣֻǸоԼȻЩ꼫ΣֵĺƽӹǸֱ˲һϡ
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쾳ܷУÿмɽ޺У߱˵߹ɽͱˡ
뵽⣬֤˼·ǳһѪҵеìܣΪܸģȷʵطֻڻӴˣֶҪǺ쾳ֻҪ㹻ʯ߶
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ס鲻Ҫκἰĸס
Ҷ֣ص˵һ䡣
ǣ
Ҷ֪׵˼Լĸ׸ŵġ


258 ؽ԰
һ˾һڣŶܿҶĸ뵽һһĸ׽ţǵ˶ǿЦ
ڶ죬ҶȻʮｹ𽥳͵¼壬ҶҲǸпǧ½ѾһˣҶӦµĻҲȫǰҶΪһ壬ʮܼͥĿ֡
֮Ҷɣв뽨ĵӶֹУԼִļ壬ȥϧ
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˵꣬ӰѲȥˣҶû뽨֮С
ҶԳһ㣬ڽ֮Уܿһ޴㳡ϣڹ㳡һ࣬þ޴ʯһԲεĽ˵ǽ˵һ̳һ״׶ߡ
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һεεغ֮ˮ£ϰٵΣͻȻ³ȥҶ˿о֣һưصϣʱһ޴Ż£ȫǣص֮¡
غ֮ˮú֮ҶɵУֱһ裬ʮ֣û˷ص֮£סʮλ
ֱһУʳ֣Ҷ㿪ʼ
󲻵Ҫǿ꣬Ҫȫͨͨ󷨲𵽷ãṥԼҶҪС
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һЩʯ֮仹Щ϶֮Щϸ쿪ʼϣһЩʯڱ仯һɲɣ֮
ȻֽܸȫγɣǺܶཨʮֲִڣӾסԺ䣬ܶ඼þʯɣδĥмߵҲһʮִӡ
ҲֲҶңҪʱִ̫ˣôʱ佨һ޴ǳأѾﵽ˼ޡ
ʵЩҶͿǽȥˣƿ̻֮ЩֲڵĵطõһЩԲĵطʮԲΡ
ǣһЩĵط޸˸֮Чȭγ似һӣһӵԣҶʱ
ýĸϣӼ̣Ҷ㻹ġ
Ҷע棬ʮｹǵһЩʯ໥ƶ
ǿ쿴Ϊʲôܽƶ
ڰУʮѲߵĵͬʱͣŲ˼֮ɫźܶཨȻԼƶǴƶһЩϸСĵطԼı̬
ҶүûҶүڿʩչַ𡣡
һָſУÿҶʩչַһĻ
ǿߣȫס׼κ̤һִ߹ЩѲߡ
Щ˶ҶĸҶҲ֪Բŵǵʩչǳɫδı֣ڲ󷨡
ʱһһйȥҶѼǲԼ̻˶ƣоԼ궼ҪͿˣݽ֮ҶоʶһµȻµꡣ
Ҳ˵Ҷڿ꺣ЩǱڻ꺣ĻˣҶĻڿٵ
һޱȾ޴ŻͻȻҶǰҶȫһʶ꺣棬һϵŻʶ͸޾ɣ
ڿʶһŻ
Ҷʮ𺳣ʶоŻ¿һҲᷢ츲صı仯ЩŻܹͨأ벻Ĺܡ


259 󷨳
Ҷڿ̻ƣͻȻоԼ꺣һʶ꺣֮Уֻ꺣һ޴Ż͸Źɣ·ꡣ
⡭ʶ𣿡
Ҷԭ˵Ļ꺣滹оţ⻹Ҫл꺣֮Ƽ䣬ҶöģҲ䣬ʶоŻ
һҶ㳢Թͨ޴Żײȥ
̣
ҶоĤһʹȫһ岻ӿе
ۣ
һѪҶȻش
һ̫ˣȻܿŻӰôСĻ޷忪Ż
ҶЦһæóҩ޸꣬򵥵Ϣһ£У̻ơ
Ҷ㷢һ£񿴵һŻ֮Ҷ겻ٿݽߣһģŻͻᴫµĻԴԴϲҶġ
һҶʮ˷ܣԺõĻˣԭҶ򵥿̻һЩƣüȹһ¾ˣϾޡ
ڲͬˣݽߣҶ޼ɵʩչֻҪģŻͻᴫµĻҶоŻԽԽ
ŻԴԴϵҶ̻ƵٶҪȸղſһ࣬зԲʮĵطҶ㸲ǡ
ʱƣ˷츲صı仯Щĵط޸ĹˣϸȥǲɲõĽ·˼ɣһɹϵϢ
ɫѾ΢΢Ҷֹ̻ͣƣľ磬¼Ǽޣǲ󣬽Ǭɽ󼤻
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ʮöʯѻһ𣬶һСɽСҶȫڵ£ʱ䣬ʮｹ졣
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ŨҪȾҪŨ
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ʮｹͻȻŨѾȥƮƳϿգ˶оѣվڴϣŨ
Ҳûа취Ҷһóʮöʯ൱һСҶȫ£ҶҴһʥء
ֱһУǼʯˣһϴʼ𽥳ͣղõֹһεһֱҶϿգ޷ݳȥ
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Ҷһͺȣֳַ֣ʮû£Ҷ㿪ʼǬɽ
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ʼɢȥһγһ޴Ĺ֣ҶС
ǬɽڱҶ㲼óѾʼת濴ȥʲôر𣬹ʮ͸ŵɫʡ
ʱʮｹѾۼˣҶȫ¼Χܳǽ֮⣬׼κ˿ЩƳǰոֻԶԶ
׷ʲôˣΪҶҪʮｹһƬôĽȺڿԴԺûһ
߿ʼ໥ۣôĽô򵥣вϣ˹ҪԴӦССҶôġ
ҶҳõӣԺ
ҪԺϧÿһֻʮ˼룬һ껹㲻ʮ˱ѡУʮ˶ǸҶմˣȻᱻǲͻ
ԴСңкüǧԴĩСЩСпԴ屶ĴСҪԴݱԵشѩԭ涼޾󺣣Ҷ㲻һƬɽ
ֻпĵشųִһҶпԴٱСѧԺĵش
Ҳֻпĵش㣬ٶҪȿԴʮҲֹ˳ԴСңѳʲôš
Ҷ㲻Ͻӡע֮УԽԽ𽥳죬ҶҰڣԲﶼղЩΧЩҶҵȫ档
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Ҷкһʮ֮ңЩ˷ܵĵӶٸϻأһվڹ㳡ϡ
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ҶǰҲ˵ʲôˣǽ죬ҶӭµĴ죬ЩұҪǰ˵Ժʲô׵ĵط
Ҷ伤鰺͸һϣټĹ㳡ϻص
Ҷһν죬ܶطǲѧԺڼ彨һ޴Ĺ㳡൱䳡ƽʱʱӿ;ۻҲԡ
ǧ˾ţǵӣЩִ£һЩ̵ĵӶعˣȺѵʮվڵһţһʮֹһβ˹֮ġ
ӽ쿪ʼҶҽҪлƣһʮÿ¶Ὺֻл㹻Ļֲܽȥ㳤Ҳһûл֣˭Ҳ׼롣
ҶĻ˶߻ص˸޷壬󷨸⡣


260 ԺϮ
ҶĻ˳ĬˣǰֻҪͻᷢԴʵлƣ㲻ԼйףֻԼ岻κΰ
תһ룬Ҫ볤ԶչҪγɾһֱָ裬һɶԣҲЩΪγ۷ԭ
ҲҪģκ飬ԶκһӣֻҪŬΪһ᲻ϧһдۣҲҶ󣬱ԽԽǿ
Ҷٴ˵ЩʲǺܺõĵӣϾһЩʲõĵӣγɻƵĻѻøʱ䣬Ҷһȼϣ
ȫּ֧
ͻȻһȺ鼤ոµҶңͶԼͶء
ãӽ쿪ʼ彫ỮֵӵȼֳͨӣŵӣӢӣʱɸλִȥţҪѡ似Ҫ룬ǰ̶Դ䣬Լ飬ȥȡӦĽ
Ҷ佫ҶǰĹ滮˵˳øγɽʽҪǰһҪ
һֱһʱҶŻֹͣǰʮһɫʮֲÿһȻʮ˷Ϊ̫ϳϣʮӳμ³ϣЩӶǼֻǺ֮λһѾ߱ʸ
˶ϵúܶϵϣһͬʡ
ˣ͵Ϊֹȥ֮󣬽жȫ¼壬Ҷҵӽ쿪ʼ
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ΪǰЩģҵĵĶˣ
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ҶһΧһŶѸҶĸ״ĸĸһҶĸ׸ϲŶ粽롣
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Ҷ֣ʮʮֿһ𳯼ʩһ
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һҶԼİ˳ϣĳϣϣһΪ̫ϳϣΪ˲ñ˵лǰҶѸͨ
ˣҶڲϷչȻҪһʵѪҺڰŴҽ̫ϳϣҲǾ˼ǲžģϣλ֧ҵľ
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һ𳯼Ҿֻа˳ϣϣĳɫƽϾһֱּ֧һԸ棬Ϊ˾ǲҶӦһ̫ϳϡ
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ף˵
ҶֻϾЩǳ飬ΪһҶ㲻Ĳ룬Ҷң˭ҰҶ㵱һһԴ
˵ɣ
ҶҪҶ
ʮ϶Ҷ㣬ǶҶһжҶģҶܷչһȡĻҶ㣬ԶҶֻоη
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ҶĿǸҶһ˶٣˵ǰҲ˵ˣѾȥˣȻҰѻ˵ϣǲǻᣬǲͨ飬֮ڣǱҪľҶҵӣһῼǵʱʹһЩ쵤ǽ쾳
Ҷзͣȷ֪ͣҶѾˣڸһ˿ᣬϣȥˣҶҲϹͻƵ侳Ҳʲô
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׾ͲҪЦˣʵ֪ôˡ
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ڻȥʱҶȥԺһۣϾ𲽵ĵطʱ䣬кĸ顣
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֪ĸף
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ĸף᲻㣡
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ˣʱ䲻ˣǾ·չ˺Ŷ
ҶϾһ֮һֱֵĺܵȻôģֻԼˡ
һԽɵУڼǧӵע֮£ҶŶ뿪˻ƳǣԺȥ

Ժ˼ٵǳش飬ѧԺΣŻ
ʦǹ޾ѧԺԽԽѾӣٲ룬ѧԺᱻһ
һصӣž֮ɫһ˵
ټеӣ뿪ѧԺ˵ѧԺܵ侳Ϯ
ǿزĵʦû뵽Ӻɽһͷ侳ޣѾ˺üˡ
ɽΧֵ侳ޣ쾳޶֣Ҳ֪ô£ͷͻȻܳˡ


261 ޽
˷ڿУǰ˫Ÿ·Ҳ·̣ڷУһʱִܵԺ
磬㵱ĵط𣿡
ʮŶ˽ݵĻ֣ҶѧԺӣӿԴԺ룬ӦҶ𲽵ĵط
ûǰǺɽѧԺɽ
ҶָָǰѾܿѧԺӰӡ
磬쿴ΪʲôЩһ
ŶϾ侳ҪҶϺܶ࣬ԶкܶʮǱĳȥ
ҶԼȥҲ˺üٵӰѧԺӳ
ߣѧԺʲôˣ
ʹ֮˲ſҶ廯ΪһĨǣʧԭء
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ҶʧŶܿȥ
ҲգۼĹҶԺϿգԺʮǽ壬ܶཨ⵽ٻٵѾ˵ء
𣡡
һ޴ĺдԺɽͨɽڣԥҶ˲ʧںɽ
󣬹أѧԺݲҰ
һȣԺԺʯӵ쳹ϿգֳֳվʦǰһͷӴ꣬Ҫ˵ķ
侳ץػôܣֻкɽŻ֡
Ҷ㲻⣬ɽΧǺޣ쾳޶٣е侳޳û
޵צڵϲţʮŭһӴɢ侳ޣܺɨѧԺҲһΣΪһγˡ
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һŮʦ˵
Ҷ㿴˼ʦмʶģ赼ʦ٣ʱѾصԺ
𣡡
ץػٴһ˳ӴһӴСѹķʽľײϡ
꣬꣡
һˮͰֵľײϣ޺ܿҪЩ˵ߡ
ã޷ˣǿˣ
ԺҲûа취ˣڳֻʵߣҲ۷徳Ѿ޷סץػһкΪץػѧԺڿ󷨣ɱ
ಣ
ʱһӰһȭݺݵץػϣһҽ֡
䣡
ץػ߸ߵ𣬾Ȼһȭɳȥ֮⡣
Ժץػ֮һӰ£ֻжʮ£ȭͷջأڵ
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ӲμԺԼλʦ
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һλص壬˳ÿһĻ׷ʲôˣΪе侳߳ɽȫϳ
·ڤڤ֮аһǧˣɽûе侳߽Դֻм쾳޳ֹ
Ҳϵʱһ޺𣬵ǸϵʱͷץػѾѧԺԵ˲ٵӣмѾ޸
Ժ˵һ飬Ҳ㲻ΪͷץػͻȻ񣬴Ӻɽ
ڼ̸˲䣬ץػվǿŭһ˽ϵĶ֦÷γһɷ籩ײ
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ץػղܵҶһҶ¶ɵ֮ɫȻվԭأһͺ
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Ҷԥһ£ǴӦˣҶҲɱ䣬ԭһе侳޳ѧԺ޷ֵ
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ŶЦһ£Ҷˣ侳ʵԼҪǿ󣬾㲻ɱץػԱûġ
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˵ע֮£Ŷһ㿿ץػûһ˿ƣһͨķһ
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ŶǰοСһбСףϾҲҰޣʮŶץػһЩ衣
˵侳ѾǣȻ࣬һЩ򵥵Ļﻹ
Ŷץػֻʮ֮ңˣ޴צƯڿУ£ŶĶСŮĵ۷
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Ŷץػ֮ңʱվʮʵСҲŶ˼ݸץػ
ץػջצӣƲδɢȥʱ׼Ŷ𣬷һĵͺ𣬾ȻڸС׽
һһ޾վԭأ˸֪ڽʲôֻܸܵץػϵһɢȥ˶¶֮ɫŶץػ˵ʲôˣòѧԺ޾Ȼ
һյʱȥˣץػ𽥷ɣʱһͷޣһֱ˳Ĵè˭ҲҴ⣬˭֪ץػһỹ᲻ٴη쭡
ŶץػƷҶҲ¶ɫʲôʱԼҲͷÿԼ
ҶͻȻðһͷշһͷޣսʱҲܰԼ
һʱ䣬Ŷؿһۣ˵ͷ󻺻ߣץػû뿪ĵͺ


262 
˽Ŷϣصԭأ֪
磬һ£
ŶǣҶֱۣһԡ
ŶǲǷʲôˣ
Ҷʵ
˽ץػ̴Ӻɽץ˳ѧԺץػŷŭ
ԭ˽ץػ̴Ӻɽץŭץػ˳ζ
ŶԼץػϢȫҶ㡣
ץػһںɽ˭ܽǵ侳޷ɡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬оһı
ղҲˣץػ˵ʱʳһӰԼ̲ˣ˳ζ̾ѧԺ档
Ŷ˵
ȥץػȥҵ
Ҷ˽֮ȵҵȻץػǲ뿪
Ժ˹Ҷü֪Բô򵥣ץػΪͻȻѧԺ
Ŷղ˵ĻҶ˵һ飬ԺʯҲüͷ΢壬ر˵ǵӰӣǺҲ
ȥѧԺ֮˭ںɽ֮д޻
ԺʦԸһ
ǣԺ
ץػѾٹʦæȥ̽ȥˡ
һʱ֮ʦͬʱ֣ŵһһŮʦﻹһֻ²õץػ
ԼĺӣԶץػһУҪŶȥˡ
Ҷӹ̣ڻץػ߹ȥܿߵŶߡ
ŶѾˣϣ뿪ӴԺҪ̤ѧԺȻҶһȭͷһɰϳһ޴ӣץػһ
ŶҶ˼ݸץػԻĵ˵ͷŶ˼ҲżɵһҶ㣬ӹ̣תɽȥ
һ粨ˣҶ㵽ƴʱѧԺѾһա
Ҷɢ˰ɣ
ԺкһЩӶɢȥʼɨսҶ㱻Ժ쵽ǰôԺƽʱµĵطʦŵһ߽
ôõץػ̵ģ
֮Ժϣʵ
˶ͨĵӣƽʱԺ涼ѼͻȻץ˹ŵȴΣҴһ£Ժһǳ⣬һƨ
ԺԺģȥһֻſ·ߣһ̣ͽˣû뵽ץػ̡
Ҳ֪ԣκǴӺɽõץػ̵Ϣʵ˵
öüͷ֮壬Ȼ˹⽫ץػ̷ǾĵطѧԺץػͻȻϮѧԺһпڹٿء
ûʲôˣȥɣ
Ժһ֣ʲʲôõϢֻǱðˣؼҵӰ˭ɽ
Ҷ㣬һҿ㼰ʱϵȻĲ룬ѧԺܱҲһƬǽ壬
ԺŸм֮飬Ҷɫ˵
ԺˣЩǵӸģ
Ҷʮֿ˵һ䣬ȻˣҶ㵱ȻԹۡ
Ҿ͸Ź죬ȰźһУһصԺʵϣԺһЩͬٴη
Ժʱǳ˵ģѾҶͬһΡ
Ժ˵ûпǴѧԺ߹Ʊģϴ˵ȫûȥûһӱѡԺƻģڱѧԺ
һʦվҶҲʶȥԺʱһλʦ
пܣѧԺڿԴûκεжԵ⣬Ǿңǵʵɽ
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˵᲻пǴԺ˸Ĺɽ
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Ժ˵ͷҲųֿԡ
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Ҷ㣬λܴã㿴ѧԺӣҲ޷ʲôӭʽˡ
Ժת˻⣬εҶ˵
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Ժ̫ˣλֻǼ򵥶һ£һỹҪ뿪ϻԺ
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ԺϣҶ㲻ҪԺϾҶɵԽߣԺҲˮǴߣҶҲһ
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ڶĽУҶ㻺뿪ԺԺɽȥ
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ץػû뿪ȥ鿴һ£ҲܷһЩ˿
Ҷ㵭˵ȥʲôݺѧԺ
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һ壬ӿ֮Уܹ죬ÿа֮ߣһЩǧңգ·ȫûе·Ҷֻóһ·һЩնϣĴһ·
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ԽԽݾ֮УҶֻôһ·ҶϾˣޣھ洩󣬾㻮ˣ޵ǣЩ޷˺ޡ
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ҶһĨǣҲʱ䣬֮дͻȻʮֿǰһƬ޴ĿյأһӴ壬Ǹ뿪ѧԺõץػʱʹĺС
ץػԶһڵӰƯڿУ˳֣ɫӰһ˸һƳҶɨ˿Ҷκλᡣ
Ʒ緢ӥգХ֮ɣûκףƷ̵Ҷüͷоʹ
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ҶжϣҴ⣬ֱһ̧ȭ
ͻֱ糤ߣͻѰߣŵ׷һĨХҶȻ˷ȻǴæ֮ʩչһ
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ӰҲȥҶһȭȥվӣδٴγ֡
Ӧܿ죬Ӧþƻҵļƻɣ
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ҶƺˣӰץػ̹ѧԺ·ĵطץػȥѰԼ̣ץػݻѧԺ
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Ϊλɱץػ
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ֻɱ㣬ܱȫѧԺ
Ҷ¶ɱԼβץػǶԵģֱ뿪ԺһٴϮûеӴ̣Ժ˵ȫİ̷ŽѧԺ֮С
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Ҷ㻯ץػΣʱڸֻҶ㲢δֶѣʶӺӰɨһֶۣԷ侳ڣѹִ
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ȷȭȿ϶ӦĺˣǱܣȭͷֱһǳֿЩر⣬ΪԷδ֪
һˣҶԽԽе׺ӰΪÿζܴݵıܿԼȭܷԼʽ©
ллŶݺݵǧٱ飡
ҵķ֮ҶĴҶȫڶ֣ҶȭǿһδαԷ߽⣬Ҷʮֱ
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ץػȴɨ˳ƵŶĻץػȻᣬ£ı۾
ץػ£Ŷ̷ĺУҪŶĻͶĸ׵Ļ
ԣԣĸֻ˯ˣ
Ŷ̵Դʮº͵˵
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264 ŭսӰ
֪ӰΪδ֪ƵԼʽҶ¶ЦͻȻһƶȫ׽켣
ķѣ
ҶͻȻںӰҲ࣬һȭһ󱩶
Ӱ֪֪ܿҶȭͷδһƳҶұ۸񵲹ƽķõķʽ
ڴʱҶ嶸Ȼʧ࣬һȭͬʽֳͬķ򣬽ȫˣúӰ޷жϡ
ԭҶ㹥Ǽ٣棬úӰ޷ԼٶȣҲ޷׽ҶȭĹ켣
ӰʱңľȻܸߣʵʹľȫҶ˽࣬޷׽һνʲôط
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ҶԿ侳۷壬ӰҲңҶ籩ĹȻһ˻ȥ
ԽԽ𱬣Ҷ·𱻵ȼըҩͰȫ޼ɵͷųݺһȭӰŭȥ
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ҶͻȻһףƺζһ£ȭҶޱչʾ
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ӰˣҶȭƵú޻֮һŭ֮һɺ⣬ˢһӰгһĨ⣬Ҷȭͷй

ҶʧɫȭͷһܣӲҶȻȶһ㷨޷ƿķҶ㻹ǲҴ⡣
һŤҶѩһԻһöʯõҪһΡ
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һںӰϣһȱϣɺѪ


265 
ӰҪȴһ޴ݺݵĳϣʱѪӿ
֩һӰεסҶ޴һȥӰȫѱѪģ
ÿһγȥӰı鶼ޱŤ侳ȻָоֱҪɱҪܡ
СӣҸƲҪɱ㣡
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ҶЦһһȭֱ۵иĿɷХһݱҶоԼԽԽʱͻƵĿܡ

ӰͻȻһȣеķһתȻԼУǷܿƣӰٿظַҶ
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ڸӡʧһ̣ҶһȭֱݺݵĻںӰǰֱ˳ȥԶɽܵˣڿҡҡλΣȻҪ
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һѪӺӰٳϵ䣬ɫҰףֱۣ൱ʧȥսȫʤʱڶҶ֣ʧȥ˫ֻ֣ܱĿ
˵˭ΪҪݺѧԺ
ҶסӰ壬ܶҪɱܣɽƣԶе¥ڵϣϵһ
СӣҪɱɱαôϻ
Ӱ͵ͦӲҶһУӰȥһŲҰ׵ʮңʮİҶûκӡ
ҵҪӲҵȭͷӲ
ҶЦһһϣһѪڳ֣ҶƷпһӡ

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㲻úħ֪һõϢ
ӰͺӲʣһȿʼ֮ɫ
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㹻ݣɱңҲ˵ġ
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˵ɣǺˣΪҪݺѧԺ
Ҷջػ˵ָʵ
ҽпˣѧԺһ洫ӣҷǰԴԺΪʲôҲö֪
Ӱ̾ϢһԼĿ˵ˣԭǴѧԺĵӣǷ
Ȼ
ҶֻȻ֮УȻԼµûǴѧԺõӣǹƱĵӡ
ѧԺúݵĶƣȻɳ侳ܵôһʺĵطɱһЩϰǴѧԺֱΪݶ
Ҷһ䣬ų֮ɫ
ӰҲ⣬ȻǿΪ𣬵ǿҲϣȥɱԼ̫ˣ¿࣬˵ҲΥͣѴ˾⵽Ǵ
㻹ͬ𣿡
Ҷٴһ䣬ΪҶ㲻һֱҪնݳº󻼣һԺһҲΣҶҡ
ûУֻһˡ
˴ͷɥε˵
ͣ
һѪ


266 صѧԺ
ֱһ̧һѪӰ¶֮ɫ建ȥ
˽Ӱ֮Ҷ㷴ѹȸУѧԺĿŵѧԺΪ
ӰսħֱըΪһѪɾԪҶ㵤УָҶ˳
ʶһɨָڷŴʯ鵤лвԪ鵤似
ףʲôҩ
ҶͻȻһöҩɢŨԪ˳ţоԼͻȻñƺͻƵļ
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Ҷ㷢һȻǿԪĿľԪ
ص֮ǰҶùһöԪĿṉ̀ԪԪתԪԪõģ侳תԪҪԪøǿԪǱزٵĵҩ
Լ̷öԪƵ侳ڵڣҶ૵˵
ҩԼĽָ棬Ҷ㳯Զ߹ȥȻصѧԺʱ
һذһķУоġ
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˷γɻ̥ñɱҶͷֽԼһ꣬Ϊ̥ʱƣ̥죬飬ӵԼǡ
ڻ̥׶ΣȽϼ򵥣Ͼ̥ûǣһɳΪ飬ͻῪǣʱͲô򵥣ҪõϿɣ鲻޷ŪҪϡ
̥֮УʼڣҶһлԼĻ̥Ϊһ壬ԺٿŲֲЭ
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Ҷ㣬ģһԺҾԺ֪ͨԺѧԺǰ׼Ƶ鷢
赼ʦʮߣ
˺ܶ࣬ʱˣҶ뿪Ժ壬ĵȥ


267 ŭ
赼ʦҶ㳯ĵȥһ²֪ôˣƿܳӦȫָ
صԼԺӣҶ㷢ﾲĵģӰûУʱ򣬾˵ĵһԼԺ䣬ѵʲô
ҶһԾŵӷȥܳ˻۷壬δĵӣѧԺÿӵȼʮϸŵҪĵ򣬱Ҫͬܽ
ĵӽŵûôأ֮ҶܿڿܳĶ档

һŨŨ̾ϢӿܳĶ洫
Ҳ֪ҶʦʲôʱǾȥɢҲԶˡ
ܳ̾Ϣһ崹ͷɥ˵
ҲҪģҶʦֻ֮һͻת˾ԲܽɢǵѪ
ңվŰοڳÿһ˵
˵ףһǾ˱ʲôˣߵĲˣʣµĻʮˡ
һֱֹ۵¶ݣ֪ǰδеΣ
ҲҪģֻʣĸˣҲԲܽɢ
ܳ곤ʱοңϣܰһء
Ǽţ˾Բôøѹȥ
ϻָЦݡ
ˣ
ܳĶʯűˣ档
æʯţһϤӰӣӳ¹⣬˿Ҷ㣬ۿȻʪˡ
Ҷʦ֣ˣ
ܳһѱסҶ㣬ǾΥĸоȻҶǲҶһֱ˵Լֵܡ
ʲôˣΪο˵ĳԱ
Ҷ¶ɻ֮ɫֻҪˣǰһ֣Ǿ˵ˣҶһ·ֺöǰһ֣ǰδ
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ܳҶ˽ȥһص֮ڡ
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˵
ܳ̾Ϣһһ˿Թ֮ɫ
˵ɣôˣΪһǳü
ҶͻȻ䣬о˳ʲôˣȻ˲¶ѿɫ
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ģһ֮ǰҲҶʦ뿪ãͻȻðһãһ֣ͺɨţǾ׵壬ϱôѹÿ춼о˵ĵӱˣ˳ˣһδһΣһǳԱˮʮˡ
˵Щ϶¶һɷŭ֮ɫ֪һôġ
Ҷð˿˿ɱ⣬зŭǿѹƻȥң˵ȥ
ʼʱǻǽּǿӣʵڰ벽侳ǸǶ֣ԷڣȻڴϣƷǳء
˵Щң
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ˣĻһ洫֧֣ɺĵ񷸺רŴǾˡ
ܳ˵

Ҷüͷ΢壬֣һʱ̻벻

Ҷ㼫䣬֮Ҷƺˡ
ڱȹھҶ뿪õʱ򣬵ʱ洫סԼȥ·ǵһ˵ʦҪԼȴҶɳȥѵ
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һǰҶ˽ȥһŨҵҩζ˱Ƕʮݣþöδʰ
߽棬ִһ꣬ƿݣǰһ飬ϻѪϲҰޱȣʱƣԺ°
˽ѵ˫ۡ
ǰһĻҶɱڰͲס׵ıȻ˴ֵز
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ʦܣӽ쿪ʼҶԲһˣģھʹȥѩޣ
Ҷҧø죬һУ֣ע뵽Ǯ׵棬Ϊϴ壬Ѫų
һ󣬲鵤ҩҶ飬ΪҺǮ׵ǰݵĵطʼ⡣
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Ǯ׵õҶΣɫÿˣúǰҲõϢһʱ䣬ȫָ
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μҶʦ֣
Ҷӵ߳վŶʮˣЩ˶ǾݴĳԱ
˵Ҷ֪ˣҷģҶ㷢ģӽ쿪ʼԲٴη
ҶŭڣܳվҶһ˷סһӣƵõҶƣ߳
ߣȥã
ҶһУʮĸ󣬸ղŻмԥǿҶ˼ҲȾˡ
ΪʣµЩһܹҶݣȻ뿪ˣҶʱ򣬻ɱ޳ӣʱһˡ
һȺʮ˺ƺƵĳȥţ·ĵӶ¶֮ɫһ౨ȥˡ
ѧԺֹֻҪ˼û˻ȥ棬ÿ춼˲ĦֶϽ̫
˴ģĻǵһΣִȺܵĸоҶ׵壬һɱֱá
ܳ׼Ҫ˵ʲôǿҶɱڣߵĻ˻ȥϾÿ洫ӳĵӡ
ղŻǼʮˣܿǹѩһҶżˣǿֵģֻʮˣεĸҶ
Ҷʦ֣ǰǽãǽÿڽںĵ򡣡
һָǰĽҶ˵
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񷣬ҹ
Ҷ£ȭһһҵıһҶĻˡ
¡
ʱ䣬ݵʮӰӱܼʱͻᱻķС
˴СУ
һӰһֱӳҶǰ


268 Ҷŭ
ҶһȭһƵýõ
Ҷ£һӰһɳҶǰ
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Ӱվ֮¶ɻ֮ɫת۾һЦ
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ͻȻֵӲǱˣ񷡣
ܿ죬ǼʮӰͬʱ֣лĵӣվ񷲻Զƾǿܳ˵ļĵӡ
񷣬ôĵӣȻҶҾˣҾҪĹͷƤ
񷣬ҶڱˣһҩͰױȼȫĵϺˮһֻצĳץ˹ȥ
ΪˣЩ𣿸ǣ㲻һῼһ·ŹЩˣϾ֮ͬ꣬ȻˣԵ˵棬ݺݵĽڽ£֪³
һ䣬˷Ҷɨһ²ʵ١
Ҷˮӣָţֱƿƣƴݿֱ࣬ץĲϡ
ղ˵ʲô˵ҪҲڽŵ¡
Ϊ̬εס˭Ҳû뵽һغϣͱҶƣֱ˼

𾪣
׵ˣ
ֱţһУҶһУݺݵץס޷֮ҶҪɱֻҪһĲӾҪšϡ
ҶĻϿվþûص˭ҲţͬΪĵӣΪβ֮󣬿Ѿһֻ̤侳ȴ䵽Ľ֣˭Ҳ޷Ԥϵġ
ʹʲôȻ͵Ϯң
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㲻ССŴȹھѣȻ˿ĿˣڶǿĵŲϽɱѧԺ޷档
мһԴǼңָҶıӺ
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ӳױŭкһһҶ£Ȼγɼл֮ơ
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񷷢һĲҽһЬӡѪ˳¶޿κΣƫƫҶĲס
ίһˣղҪҲڽ£һڿôͷ㣬лѣ㳢˲ڽµζ
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ʦ֣СӲδǲҪɫˣССĺĵӾȻ洫ӵϡ
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ĵӾۼԽԽ࣬һһ㣬ΧˮйͨЩŵͱ档
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ڿϣ˾ûκ˵꣬˾еüͷһ
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Ѿ赼ʦ֪Ϣ赼ʦѾԺ֪Ҷںɽɱ
СӶѧԺжˣǲӦðһѡ
ҶΧϾȻҪҶһѡ
ãЩ˸޷вĶǱߣ
˾й⽫ƫһ㣬ˣĵӲҶյ㡣
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ۣ
ѪȾĵ档


269 
һȭҶ㽫ɳȥһĿѪȾ˵档
һĶҲҶ֣
ҶЦһȭͷȭʣĵһɳȥǵ޺һһҶҽŴڸղŽӵϡ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫһʦˣúõĳͷ㡣
ӱڽ£Ȼģ
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һߣҶ㽫߷ˣһоʲôˡ
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ݣ˭Ҷݡ
ʶɨ䣬ղű߷ӵһ˿ѷ֮ٴα˱䣬ҶȻûֱӷϳΪԺʵĴԶˡ

߷ɵӽӢںĵҲͷˣһα˵һˣȴû뵽䵽Ľ֣δ飬ѺһǵԶնӢ֮·
Ҷ㣬ƲҪҪɱ㣬Ҫɱȫң
Ӣ˺Ѳ񷣬ĵصëȻ
һߣʧȥʸʧȥѰ۷壬رżִģʱӢͷĴΪҶ㣬˭֪Ҷ첻µز£ǴȣԻԪ˶η壬οһССĺĵӡ
ŭѾ޷ӢĴ˿̵ı飬ѷ죬ǿ߰޸侳޲ߡ
ѧԺǿЩӽӴģǶӰ޾ʱ֮С
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Ҷ㲻ûۣҶмˣ˾Ҷۣ֮ɱ֮
ӢɤͻȻˣ·𱻶סһѼҶɱһ񣬶񶾵Ա˻ȥΪţ˵һ䣬Ҷնɱ
Ҷ㣬Ǵˣùǰɣ
˱Ҷڽ£Ȼ֮ǲӢһҶ߳һѷ죬νԣЭˣˡ
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ҶЦһһУǴ˵ӱ˳ȻҶƣƵõƣĿ˿ڣšϵֱۣһǴĿġ
˴Ŷ֮ɫڵϵˣݺݵһҺǵϣŵΣĵΣʱŵĵҺݺݵ衣
ʿɱ裬Ҷ㣬㲻ҪôߣѾģŵǣкĵںδ
ѧԺĵһǸ߸ϣŵӼǹ˱ŵһҺо⵽˼̤
ЦƾǻΪʿֻĳЩ˵߹ˣҪԼˡ
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬ΪҶѾ洫ӳ֣˵Щá
˸һֱҶȥ˿ǻᣬҶ飬ʵĲпҶ֪ˣŹǣһʮԳ׾ǵĺ·
˵˷ǳĽŵҲĵӣΪ죬һµ֮һɨա
ԶЩ˳˵ĳԱ¶֮ɫ˳ģöδƣʱҶɱķʱҲǾ˳ԱһǳˬȺĵӣֻɲ
ɫʮֱڵҶεס壬һһ
ˣҶһԴǸ˻ȥһ仰˵ȷʵˣһ߹
񷣬ںڰãӣֱӳֶԸ㣬ԭΪԣû뵽㲻ڸģ䱾ЩвҾˣҶֵܣ˽Ҫúõ㡣
ҶһֲֻȻϣһɱĺС
ЩĵӿǴĿģҪֹǿҶǿֲʵԥĵһֱҶŰȥĵҲ޹⣬ϾЩ˺ܶй
Сӹݣ֪洫ӣڻڱչأأƲҶ㡣
Զ˽ۣи洫ӲʲôܣҲһˣɱ飬ǴǸˣħһʱ䣬ȥԺ
ûлˣѵ㲻֪洫𣿡
һĵӣݲͣһǰ벽侳洫Ҳֻһ֮ң
ٵӾͲһ֮ң޷ľ硣ʱһһ޷ȥ
˵ֶԸСӣ
˲⣬洫һ֮ӣѧԺʮӣ洫ҲˣʲôʣҲ˵˲ܳһ洫ӣּ̫Сˡ
У洫Ǹ߸ϣ޿ʵǵĴڣôΪЩСµԼ
ѵ㲻֪ʲô𣿡
һ˴Ⱥе˵ñۡ
ɫˣʲôˣŵʱ򣬾һݽɫ˿Ҷ㣬Դ츳ѣĺرһֽĽñҶȥһưոݡ
Χ۵˿˵ɽ˺ݣĵӱ˲ڽ£鲻뿴ܿģѧԺʦӰӣûһ˸ǰֹ
ܳ˸⣬ȫʧ¶ĤݵҶ㣬ʱҶһǳĤݵ
񷱻Ҷȵ˵ɤ淢ɺɵһͷҰ
ô㲻𣿻ΪӦϣ裬ҪĽ֣
оڼҶȵøˣ׶ҪŤһӶͷϸ֡
˸ţǵҶ³˸Ҷҵ˶֣ӣ
Ҷ͸ޱߵİʮֿԣȻҪҪףЪ˹
û˳ҪԸͷҶһ֮ͷⱻҶ㿴˼ǰҶںĵҵԼİԼϡ
ðԵ磬ΪѧԺҿ𣿻ûаЩĵӷ
˰ͲסˣϾҶǳ˵ģڳÿһˣܻﲻҶввڳÿһˡ
ô㲻ҾǰΪаıǮʲô
Ҷ㳯Դ˹ȥ侳۷壬Ŀ࣬ϴŭɫ
ԣҲȻѾģ㻹ͱˣҰҿȥˡ
ӽаң˵Ⱥ˳


270 ս
˴Ⱥ߳ΪҶеĿһУкĵ
ǿ쿴ҳˡ
ҵ˿ͣںĵŽǰʮĸߴһʮǿᣬйһν˹ϵʮܣͻȻվҶ㡣
ȷҪΪǳͷ
ҶЦһ䣬ųصĲߵҶ岽֮վ񱩵ƴϱΡ
Ҷ㣬ѵ㲻Ϊ̫Ǻδ֮УֻǴ˼Ӱˣ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ϧĵӣΪֵ𣿡
ûż֣ϣҶʹֹͣЩ˸Ͻˡ
δ֮У
ҶЦһ䡣
Ҿ͸Ǵ
ҶͻȻޱ䡣
һֵߣղѾ˵ˣһҵߣһҲǸ߸ɱ˵Ǻδ֮У
ҶĽղɱٴ˵һ顣
һ㣬Щ˲Ƿ㾹Ȼ˵ֵǷǽҾűڽµĸо
Ҷ˵꣬һץȻҹ˿ӣȻҳͷҪñҶ׼
Ȼĳ֣
ԭ֣ϣ黯⣬˴˶һҷ£˭֪Ҷβ˭Ļãһһһֱᵽµ˳Ϊֹ
ǵȻҶڵȣȽ˳֣ñ٣ڻδ֣ǳס
ȻҪͷ񣬾Ҫñľ򣡡
ҶޱȣצΪצһڿиζ·Ľ֣֣ҶĿѾһ˼ľ硣
ʯƣ
ʩչɱһǿ幦似ߺһҪȵһ似ǿĶࡣ
һɿ񱩵ӵڣһѿڣХһ罣
ҵӴ󣬿ƶٶ˿һֻ˶ľȭЯֲҶѹܵĿʼڣ޷ܰһȭ
䣡
ܴһҵĺû֣־ɱУղſҶ֣ûأֱóɱﵡ
СΪƾƵҵľצ̫СҶˣ
צͻȻһһ£βӣǰȥ·ȫһɫȭ֣ףצͷųһȭݺݵĳ¡
ģ
ѣҵʯƷһִѷ죬޷Ҷһȭ
˲䣡
ҶƲˣʹˮһֱҶе磬߲亦
һɫȭͷ£һ޴ҵǿҶ㵹ҪԣܳԼȭ
Ȼҿƣ޷סϳһ㵭Ļɫգǻܵ˿򵥣ܽóɻ֣һ˿侳ķ
侳֣ܵһֹʵԽǿҲԽǿ߽׶ϵͽף߶޷ƿ߽׵ķ
ҶĶһЩͽ侳ӵ֣ԪĴȸҶȣ࣬Ҷն䡣
飡
һȭϵֳֵƸˣצεסңܶһߵսľѣҶѵֻ侳ܽ
˵Ҷжǿû֪ұҶסһȭһȭ£ҵڳ˺Ȼ֮ɫ
ڹǵͦӲҿ㻹ֶܼã
ҶЦһȭͷٴ۶ɣһεȭͷһСɽһ㣬ŭҶ£ݺݵĳȥ
䣡
ȭĽɽʯϻ䣬ЩĽĵӸоһɿֲƹæȥⱻ꼰
ۣ
ͻȻһѪȻֻס壬ǿķ֮˼ڸֱסֻܱܶҶŭ

Ҷ㻹ˣԼ̺ͨڶûԼôƲһ侳۷ķ
һ۵ȭͷ󣬰ҵ¶˺֮ɫ
ӣ
Զǿ֮УһʮƮ죬˭Ҳ޷塣
ƥһȭ˺Ѳһȭصһȭ֮ƺɨ죬ҶҪһжڽ¡
꣡
ȭͷһ䣬ղŻǽɫӦ߽⣬ΪһſǳƬһĶҲһƬƬڵϣ
飡
δֲĳҵɳȥĿѪųѪӴȻء
ǿ
ܴһҶǿ˺ֶξˣžһƬһʧˡ
˭Ҫǳͷģһվ
Ҷİ죬Щؼĵ˵ԶԶģɲһҶˡ
ÿĿΪѧԺﻹûзȣ£ӣѧԺأӦԺǽϳΪ
ʱһˣӴѹܻҲɢһԵôƵ
ϹѵҲҪһţ
Ҷֱˣ͸䣬˲ǱˣҶֱϹ
Ŀ޳ײ֣ʦӦһȣӦôԼ̣
ɫЦ󻹸ӣִΣִõĳϡ
ôñӣϹһΪûеˣȻˣ֮ĶԹҲһˡ
ҶһŽ˶߷ˣÿһ˶ⲻ˵ﱻ߳һѷ졣
ۣ
һѪҶҪҪЩԺҲ˻
ϳΪһȣﲢҶ㣬㻹־ܣ
ϸЦ⣬Ȼҵ˻ᣬҶ㴥Ź棬ˣϧϳΪЩһҶ뿪ѧԺ
һĵ໥ѧԺ档
һҶ㲻ͬʮˣѧԺϣڶŹΪѧԺڷϳΪֶΣҲֻҶ
֮λ޴ǣϹжԹ·˽֪ȻѧԺƣҪҶ㣬ʲô
Ҷ֮Աǣȫûн
ǰҶҲɵ֣һʱһʱڶԼ֣һССѾκ˻Ҷ㲻мһˡ
ѧԺϣڹںδִϣǻֽɱ˿ħץʾ
еЪ˹׽Ҷ㣬ֻҪִãһְ취Ҷܡ
ִʮϣȻҪҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬Ŀ޷ͣѧԺأӦͷŹھǿԴᷢ䣬һִã䡣
һִóϴҶȵ

ҶЦˣһĴЦɽص·ЦЦ
ЦʲôѵΪӹѧԺĳͷ𣡡
һִɫÿȻҶ㳰Цˡ
ЦͷЦǰ׳գ˶֪
ҶͻȻ䣬ִŭȥ


271 £
Ҷų֮ɫȻŭִͷǸ׳գٴˡ
Ҷ㣬֪ڸ˭˵ִãŲھͽ͵
һִϻðɣӵ棬˭Ҳ޷ܣ񱩵Ϣ
˵̧㣬硣
ִóϵķŭҶ޶ãȻأ֮ɫ֪˸һġ
վڲԶûһ˾һߣϴŻЦ鳯Լϣķչ˿еЩɱ
˵ʲô㵨ִϣҾڱȹھȻ֪ôֻý£
ִﻢ£֣ԺЦ
˵꣬ƳҶץҪҶ㡣
ƾҲץң
ҶЦһһӣǰȫˣִϻδ֣ͱҶ㷴һ
⡭
Щӷִ֮Ҳ侳ڣȻκβҶ㣬Ҷɳֵز
ڿ˵Ҵڹ棬Ҫﴥˡ
Ҷûгʤ׷ɫ࣬޲ҪҶȥղſƼһܽ⣬ܷƾһ֣ϾͲҶɲ⣬ϴʱ
㻹ҽƱ磬ͷ£㻹𡣡
ִϴȵ
ղһִ֣£ϣҶ־ܡ
£ִ˵ˡ
Ҷ޹ӣܺһ㡣
Ҷ㣬أʮˣһĵ򻹲𡣡
ִһŭȣָҶΧЩˡ
ЦЦ˼Щ˶ҴˣЩأҶ𣿡
ҶָܵһȦΧǧӣѵҶµģ
˭Ҳû˵ĿһС
ǿʶȻϣѵʮ˲𣿡
ִָܳˣ˶֪ܳҶĸ
ԩЩֻǹֵģµģ㿴µ𣿡
ܳԩҲ޹״ֻҶһ˳ֻ֣ǿֵ֣ĻᶼûУҲûʲôʵԵ֤˵ˡ
ҶǻһߣܳķӦܿ죬ô֪ԼͼˣʱԲܳһģһʮ˼ᣬ£ֻһˣֻǶŹȫͬ
ִһ㶣û뵽ǾȻϣ˵ԼֵģҲûг֣һֱվһԡ
Ҷ㣬սѧԺϣЩ˶ʲô˵ˣϹӶܿǸһġ
ִϹȥֱԲĺȵ
ϣڸҿñӣѵǹҲڹ棬ڳ˶ڹ棬һ¡
ҶһȻӣ˿Ϊ
ԣֻǹֵģϲҪˣһֱ볤ϲҪˡ
ɤűȽϴ鷽Բס
ûֻǿֵģΪֶ㷸ڹ棬ִϽڳȫȥ
һ˸ͣʱǵݾһĦߣһˡ
ʱ䣡
ʮһַԵ޹ʱ˵£ܲ
ִþ˲ӣһҪȥþٱ˵˹ڹѹЩͨӡ
״˵һĸоݵΩΩФ
ЩӺݺݵıһۣ˭֪ЩϷǶû˵Ը£ִô
ִϣ㲻ҪЩӵģѧԺ֪˹˽𣬴ȥˣִҲĨڡ
ңĵЦһ£󣬵ڳÿһ˶
ִϺһһȷʵûʵԵ֤֤Ȼ֪˼ûֻ֣վһԣô
úúãҶ㣬㲻Ҫսҵĵߣ
ִ¶֮ɫô˵棬Ŷӣʮѿ
ˣսĵˡҶһ޹ӡţһܵĳЩ˵Ĺƻ󣬲˵һЩеĻ볤Ҫá
Ҷһ˵úףһ˹ִã˵˾£иղһĻ
˵ʮͷֿˣȺ棬Ҳһֵӣִ޴֣ܲܰ˶ץȥɣ˵ִҲݲôˡ
ЩһֵĿ֣ȻЩ˲ͬҶҲϲִãԵܳЩ˵ǿֵģûһվΪǣִþͱζˡ
Զϱû뵽±Ҷ㼸仰嵭дĴȥˣִ޴ĸо
Ҷ㣬ҪΪЩС˼ӱڹĳͷûо£ĵİɡ
ִת˻⣬û֤֤޷ִУֻתƻ⡣
ѵ֮ǰûвǱѡ
Ҷ㻹޹ӣʼҶ㶼ûȳ֣Ǳ
㻹ҽƱ磬㲻ǻ㹥𡣡
ִϺҵҶ㣬¶Ц˼ԣһôƱ硣
ϣûѧԺйصӲɳĵ𣿡
һɻ⣬ҶǺĵӣȻȨ򣬵Ҳ˵Ĺȥ
ΪԵ޹ʵĻ˽㻹ôƱ硣
¶ЦٻѧԺҪ⳥ģڷ˿һЩԴΪ⳥
ԭ˵ӻٻ
ҶȻӣ˵ˣղŵһʱ˳ۣͽ𣬲֪Ҫ⳥
ҶֱӳԼ˽ǿ˳ۣ⳥ˡ
ͣ
ܵӶЦˣתתȥҶⲻʲôҲûˣֻһٻ⻹𣬴óһЩ⳥ˡ
㡭ˣ
ϱҶɫף޲ȥҶ׽ղԼԿֲҳ֡
ϣѵ˵𣿻ٻѧԺзȫ⳥һöʯȫ޸Ŀɼ볤ϡ
˵꣬ҶóһöʯΪ⳥֮ã˿Լ֮¡
ɷˣ鳤ϣǻʲôֱץȥź򣬻
ʱһִȥˣ˳ղһֱҶ˵ִպ飬һأִѧԺһЩڹĵӡ
Ҷ㣬Ȼڤ粻飬Ǿݹǲ
ճϾýӶɾˣܽҶץȥԺҲѧԺȥˣԺִ
ŶӺδ֮УΪγҪԵӡ
ҶһĶϣǸһ˿аЦ
ӣ𣿡
˵꣬سҲҶˣҪȺ鳤ϻҪǿƱҪһٽҶ£ѸղŶӶһ


272 ߲
ô磡
ҶЦһ峤ֱ룬˷ִϼȻҪͷԼҶҲûбҪ顣
ССĺĵӣȻԲѷҽץȥúõʣҲǱǱļϸѧԺĵӡ
سϾȻҶһϸñӣЩɫˡ
ѧԺԴ֣ϼϸñӣʹˣˣһκϡ
ķƨİҶ㵱ˡ
Ҷŭԭֻ黯⼴ɣԷȴԼһϸñӣҶ㱩ŭ̲ȥˣһϼϸñӣԺҪժܡ
سϵһƣҶޱ飬һȭݺɨŸǳˮһ㣬֮粨˷һɿֲϢ˳ƶ
䣡
سɫһ䣬оԼԪ޷ͻҶĲõĻһŭҶķŭ
ҹ
Ҷһŭ𣬴һɨسϾȻ˳ȥ
Ҷ㣬󵨣ȻҶԳϳ֣
鳤վסˣͻȻ֣ҲһƳҶץ˹ȥһԸһĵӣֱǰδС
иˣǲף͸ҿһñӣǼֱΪִϣ
ִϱ빫κɣ͸ҶһñӣʶҶΪγ֡
ǳֵһ̣ҶʵˣԾܹҶ㣬ԭҶ㲻ִҲˣҲˣȴû뵽ִϺһţڶһĪеļϸҶڱˡ
ҶģܽôѹٵˣʱִȥˣΪβվִڷˣ˱ãվеèֻҪ˶Ʋִ
鳤ϸղųһγأسϷɳȥ֮дһɾ֮ɫҶֱ̫ǿˡ
Ȼ˼ҵĺôҽʹִϡ
Ժ鳤ϵĳҶǰһһɽɫֱ֮ϴ˳ףҶĿѴﵽһ˼ĵزʱԻû̬Ҷ֮ǣӵһ˿ÿһΡ

鳤ʶһˣâ
Ҷܸᣬһȣһײں鳤ϵĿڣΣһҶᡣ
ģ
ʵʵһȭ鳤ҲҶײɡ
һлܳϣôܣ
ܴȫҲ޷ȥ룬߸糣ʶ
ʦܣղ㲻˵ʦںĵʱսʤ洫ӣСӾȻһлִϣƺҪʦֻҪǿһѧԺͷҪˡ
ԶգмµӣҶһȭɺ鳤ϣ˴Ź
ǿδأʦǧѵһţСֻ깵ط߳ʦôȣʵҲһΣҿ˵ʦڳ侳һɹ𻯷
˲ҶֻǴС깵ط߳˵ʦԶ
һ࣬洫ɫ࣬ŭ⡣
ʦ֣ǲСӳɳȥڶסһɳΪ洫ӣԺҲùȻֱҵã֪Ļʦ֡
һѵ
ʦ˵ûȥСӳɳԸ񣬾Բưոݡ
һ˵
ˣһֱδ淢һУҶִ϶ˣɫڱˡ
ѵûпôڱ
һ˿ɱ֪ҶôǱ
ҶҲû뵽ӣٳٲĵһЩϣ˵ȫ⡣
ΪλȥݺݵĽѵʦֿڣʰһ侳ֵ
ʦܵ˹ά
ٵȵȣóֵʱȻ֣ܽãִóϣΪִưո𡣡
˵ɱӽ洫֮ˣǰôâ¶Ÿӿ£Ϊý
ʦָߣִõԸǳִ֣ǳĻ̣Լ˱һӴˣһưոݡ
һӴֻı飬ϣԽԽ󣬵ʱ˭ҲסҶ㡣
ִڣеĺС裬ʮŶȣԺȥȥˣִþ˵㡣

Ȼ⴫һһӷܽ
Ҫ
ӽ֮󣬳ĸһơ
˵ʲôˣΪ˴С֡
е㲻ˣò뿪ˣһֵ񫣬Ȼ뱻ƻ
ִϱ˴ˡ
ӿ˵
˵ʲô˭Ҷִϳ֣ѵЩϲġ
һӴִϴѧԺķ棬ǸԺҳ֣ҪͿЩͼʦ˵ˣʮϡ
˵˭ִϣ
һѽӾ
ǡһҶĵӡ
ŵ˫ȶΣսսػص
Ҷ㣿洫ʲôʱһҶˡ
ӷɻ֮ɫʮϣѧԺҲֻ洫ˡ
áҶ㲻洫ӣһĵӡ
ҲţԼĿ֮ɲţæ档
˵ʲôĵӴ˳ϣȷ˵ġ
ֱʮ̶ֱһᣬԼαסӡ
ǧȷ
Ӵſʮ֣أ·߸㲻ţԼȥ
ˣʲôʱĵôˣߣȥҵҪĸĵӲִۣõϡ
ӷһȥ
һεʱգһž޴Բˣ֮ϻϥܣԲм䣬˾з·˵ʲô
λôһδѧԺϧݣ侳Ǳ뿪ԴǿԴĸ
˾пʮƽǴһλߵϣ̸֮ȫ״̬˵˾ʮƽͣʱһݣ߲ͬ
ԺȻѧԺ˱ӣΪβۣȥԴѧԺҲһ
ԺվȻϵã֪Ժ㱻˻ҲʮߣûԺԴԴΪԺ˲ţԺʲôڷչȥ˵ԺѧԺĸ˿Ϊ
ƾ޾ݣʲôָ
ڰõ˵ˣûʲô֤ݣ˼ҷҧһڣѧԺ
ԼǣǻӦӳ飬Ҫиȫ֮ߡ
Ժ˵ˡ
ԺϢ˭ģŶж١
һֱ˵һԪ˵ˡ


273 
ʱٳĿռѧԺ߲㣬ʮϣʮԺԼִĹߣȫһá
һķԪ˵ˣϾϢ˭Ҳ֪Ƿ׼ȷ
Ϣ׼ȷҲյԺﴫԭԭһ顣
˾лشԪ
Ժղ˵͵ϮԺһѧԺ洫ӣɱӲŵ侳𣿡
ԺˮʵԺȻŮӡ
黹˵ɡ
˾ûлشֻǽĴת˸ҡ
˶˹ȥģ˭֪侳ĵ˭սֱ˼飬ѧԺҲָ
¶֮ɫҶɱӰԭԭ˵˳üɫ裬ϾҶͥԺĵӡ
һӣ鶼һ飬Ҷ˽ˣҶ·Ժȥ̽һ£øץػϮԺҶ˳ץػϢҵı˷սӰɱ˵Ļ޼
Ժ˾ģǲò
ùĵɫ˵ȻѧԺܻһԺͻᳯԺ֣һԺûˣԺһĳ
ûѾˣȻǴѧԺߵĹǱҪһЩֶΣƵٴη
ڰٴ˵
ѵǾͲҶ˵ĻǼٻһССĵ侳Ȼܽɱ侳᲻ѧԺôһѹûмǸνĺӰ
Ժһ˿֮ɫȻ飬ΪҶϢǼٵġ
Ҳв˵˵ͷϾüɱˣе㲻˼飬侳ҲǵɱģܶҲлɵ˼
죬㲻Ҫ˵˵ǲͥԺĵӡ
ŭˣ쿴Ϊȵ鹢ڻر֪ҶϢǺ޵ݶȵʱҲü
ԺĻҲ޵ǲҶϸϸһ£ǵľ磬ȫԿûѡ
Ԫʱٴ˵޺۰ܸҶ֮ԪҶһֱʮָȤȻȤܲһ֮ȥ˼ңһǸᣬҪҶ㣬к֮
ҵ˼ء
˾пһ۴ңҪ
Ҳ˶ã罫
ѾкüҪҶϾͬСɣǴѧԺģҳ˺ʱһС£ܶ顣
ǺãϣȥҶ
˾г˵һ䡣
ǣԺ
վӣһ˺ճһͨû֮ͨС

Ҷлִϣ˼𺳣ЩֵĵӴʱҶһɼɵ֮ɫ
ûִϣҶ㳯˹ȥǴŵаЦ
ϵʦû뵽ļƻˣִãҺΡ
Ҷű֮ɫһȥ
СӣݵÿִóϣѾشڹ棬űѧԺɡ
ʵҲ͸ִ޼Ѿ¶Ļ֮ɫ
ôϣұѧԺһ˵ʦǲǾԸˡ
ҶаЦ޺˭֪ҶаЦʱµʱΪ˭Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
ʲôȻҪŹʦֱ̫ȥԺݺݵĳͷ
˵ȻתҪ뿪ִõĳ϶ҶˣԺлڶԸҶ㡣
ߣ㾭֮ͬ˸úúõˡ
ҶһȻǰ棬סȥ·
ˣˣССĵӾȻвʦˡ
غرǴȵʱҶɱԼֶϿҹɱҶ㣬޲ʳѪ
ҶǿһСһ㣬ı飬ŵһ죬ҶͷģһҪúõĳΪҶ
ҪҲԣҲԲΪ㣬ֻҪ㵱еӵ棬ҶǸ˵ԲҶ㣬ΪΣҲһῼǷ뿪
Ҷܴ󣬴˵Ķ
һɫǳɫôӵϴ󣬻ɱֱɱҪܣǳĸˣˣмӺһŵĵӣѧԺ׷вжΣôôɵϵΪ
˵ô£ΪʲôûһԺ֣Ҳûһ֣ʮһ˵飬߲ĹעѵѧԺĬҶΪ
Ҷ㴳ãڣѾȥӽһʱʱ䣬ڼ䣬ҲͳִóϹѧԺ߲쵼һδ֣ٵӿʼ²⣬ǲѧԺĬҶһС
ǲ֪ѧԺ߲ڿᣬ£֪Щ顣
Ҷ㣬ǽǲݵľˡ
ɫǸȻܣҶ㲻뿪ֻһֿܣ˱뽻֣һֿܣҶ㣬Լ뿪ڶҶݺһԷ
ˣȻ㲻ϵǸֻñ֮𡣡
Ҷ¶ɫΰиԼԣҶԲưոݣô׵뿪һִóϸһʮа˾Ҳڰвġ
Ǿѵ֪ߵغСӡ
Ȼȷˣ֪Ҷʵǿ侳ڶĶ֣ȳռҶκλᡣ
Ҫ˹ȻһֱǲҪһʦȻ͵Ϯĳɷֹһӣֱ˵ˡ
Ҷų֮ɫҪݺݵɨء
ɫ࣬˲ˣ˫ȭΪȭӡȭʯʯһҶ
ĺãһϵʦľѧ
ҶȻ˵ʮֿ֮оԳһа취ҲҪ
ķѣ
һ䣬Ҷȭͷһһɸӿ񱩵ƳˣһɺɨƣȭӡȫƵЩʯδɹͱҶһȭΪ촷ۡ
䣡
ռ䴫һıը֮һƬڰ˭Ҳ˵ӰӣֻӰڿвϽʵҪִԸһЩȳ֣ĹʱռϷ硣
תۼĹ˼ʮУÿһĹҶɵĻ⣬ֻҶֱ̧ͽһǺȭȥ޷ͻҶķ
˵ҶôǿֵزҲһʱ䣬Ҳûôǿɡ
ҶֵٶԼٺĵӶ¶֮ɫͬΪҶڶ̶һʵһȣ֪Լ޵ȥˣȫ⡣
ԴͬǺĵӣ޼ʱ䣬ҶҲֻǱǶʱ䣬㼸£Ҳܽʵü
ϵʦ㱾£Ǿ̫ʧˣӿҪˡ
һ籩֮ҶӦĹƣ˿˿˵


274 ̸߲
һ籩֮ˮһĹȻҶ½ǶûմǰԼ۵
ϵʦ㱾£Ǿ̫ʧˣӿҪˣ
Ҷ¶аЦһ䣬һƺУСȥŲǣʣȫ֪Ҷ㱾ںδ
νʵʵҶ㽫Ӱʩչ˼£޴׽
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ҶһͺȣƿҪС
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磡
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ҶһͺȣͻȻ֣Сֻм֮ң
һСһ֪αãôܣҶ㶼ܴݲȵҵʴӡ
Щۿֵĵˣղ˵侳ʮ𺳣ʱϷŰ侳Ѿ޷
̫ˣҶ㵽ôġ
˰ͲסΪҶһϳ侳ȻףϷŰ֣ʵ߳һǰ㡣
޾ʱ֮Уһѷ֣ϾȻȥ
ϣôˣôûнǸСӴ
˵ˡ
ûлش죬Ǹ˾еĶ˵
Ŷ顣
˵վһߣ˾¶Цݡ
ȻҶ֪Ҷ˵ĻǼ٣Ӧи
˾дһɨԲ̨мһĻѧԺĳֳ󿴵ڽ֣һ˹һء
ϴаЦص׽⣬ÿһһεĹĳλ޷ܣҪڹһ̣Ѿ˶֡
⡭
Բ̨󲻿˼͸Ļĸܵ˵ľ硣
ѧԺʲôʱôĵˣ侳ĺ޷֮
ųϴŲŵ񣬽ĶŹĻ
һʮָȤ侳ĺĵ˭ΪϷŰ侳ɡ
һãȻ֮ɫ˾ʱϴңֻȼˣϴŷߺ֮ɫһͼֵһ̣ϳˡ
ִһΪѾִϡ
ͷβ˾н龰ԭһˣ侳ʱ䷨תʱ䣬Ҷ㹥ϷŰһ֣˶Ի
̫ˣȻִã
ִһվȻҪ߳Լ˱˴ˣ²̨
԰꣬Ǽȥ
˾˵Ǵһɲɿܵϣִʵʵ
ѾҪҽܣӹĻ֮еĶԻѾ֪ЩΪԭʲô
Ҷ㣿ڵ侳Ƶ侳޻֮ġ
峤׻ĺ룬͵
˶˵ͷڵ侳սʤ侳츳ѧԺָС˼ǲҪҶսԼ¡
ڴȽʱмϾͶ˼ʱǺǿңֻϣѣǴʱǿңȲ
ԺȻҶ㿴ޱȣнֵ
ȻûмҶ㣬ҶҲİŵӣȡʮ鵤ʱ𹦵Ĺע
ӦôһԺ˴󹦣ӦֵѧԺصע
һ˵
һУЦ˻ϾҶͥԺˡ
ҷԣСĿˣһλѧԺŹĵӣִóϣֶԵʦֵ֣ѧԺ𣿡
һվԣҶ㷸˶Ƶá
ԺĻҲ޵ҶѱԸƫݲɳӣȥڸԷڡ
õĹ˵ȣҶ˿񵶵۵ε˹ȵףһֱޡ
ֳ᲻һΪӦԸҲΪҶ̫ǿƣ˼ôȥӦʵʱѹһ¡
ϣô
ܸۣ˾ûи𰸣ǳʮ֮Ͽȥ
ʮϣѧԺλߣرǴϣʵǴﵽ۷壬ʼת򣬽侳
һ侳ͻΪ̫ϳϣݵλԺȨ棬ѧԺĵλǳĸߣҲ˾ѯɡ
һ£ڳÿһλʱѭعûѱûп𣿻ûи˽֣Ǿôһֱƽ磿
û˵ԼĹ۵㣬ǳڳÿһʵ
˶ͷ˼ڳÿһٶǻ˼꣬һʼԼʱ¶֮ɫΪǲ֪Լʱѱǲ֪ߵغ񣬵λͬľȻͬ۹ǶȻҲͬ
˾¶Ц⣬ĵ˵ͷ
Ȼû˵˼ĺԣ˭û˭ûзȻǶˣʲôָˣЩ˻ҶԼʱȣֵһᡣ
˵ûǲˣĸûһ棬ѭ浸أӹţֻţнʱ·Ųƿ
ϵ˵ͷŲ
ʲôֻһϰĵӣȻȡ
֮ԱǣȻ˵ûǸȣȵĿ
ѵԺ֮侳𣿲һġ
Ȼ߾֮˭һġ
ƾΪ侳𣿡
¶м֮ɫ
üͷҶչֳʵȻܽ䣬侳ս˿侳ƾ츳Ҳֵ
ҲҪˣԺ˼ɣ
߳ϴ˼ֳƽϢ
˽񶼳˾п˹ȥϾͷݶԺһ仰
һǵǰһĻħݡ
˾ͻȻ˵һ׽͸Ļ
ԺҪ˵ʲô
ʵ
Ҹٴο
˾ֱһӣһˣҶӡħľҶǳ֮עǳ棬ħ½ķӡٴμӹ̡
Ȼӹ˷ӡôܣһ꣬ӡڿӡƺﵽǿʢ״̬
һԺž֪֮Ҷӹħ½ͨķӡ
ħͨķӡ侳޷ʱҶҲ쾳ӣôġ
һʲôҪ˵ģǰԤԴӦûǵðɣ
˾йر˾
Ʈӡ·ȻԹ
˻
Ժ˵Ҷת֮ˣ˵ܻħٴι½
ϴľ
ת֮ˣǴܻħ幥½ҲͬСɡ
һжǲ²⣬˭Ҳ¶ۣ
˾ûиͣһ춼¶֣֮ɫڴǰǷǹǷǳء


275 ʯ쾪
ռһƬĬ˼˭Ҳ֪˴ЩʲôξִĳĬ
ԤģҶȻСǼٵģΪҶܷӡǳⲻϳ
Ժô˵
峤ϵһ˵ϣԺ˼
Ŀһۼ˾еϡ
һ˳ȻֻأȻܣ޷ܣԤҲãǼҲգǶȥ棬Ҫ飬׳ѧԺĵӣӦͻκ顣
˾еʮƽ
Ժ˵ûֻأȻܣǲܰϣһ֪ٵԤϡ
Ԫ˼ղԺһܴرֻأѵĿֻ
ˣĻ鵽˽ϮԺ飬һѧԺ棬Ҷ㣬˭ҲҪȥ˭Ҳ׼˳ȻҲʹȻӦԤԣҲʹȻһж벻ˣ˭Ҳ׼͸¶ȥ
˾˻˼ԣЩ˭Ҳ׼棬׼ƫ̻Ҷ㣬Ҳ׼Ҷ㣬չ͵ʲôҲûз
ԺѵľôˣִóϣԷڡ
ִҲɵӣѾԺȻƫ̻Ҷˣ˵໥棬ǶҶı
ΥԺ˼ѵûǱʹ𡣡
һվԺ˵ˣִþȻΥ
ղ˵ĺ˭Ҳ׼棬˭Ҳִֹ£ִõı£סѧԺĹأ׼ս
ԺصЦһ£ΪԲмľֳһӰӡ
ѧԺأ׼󾳽罻֣ҲΪʲôõԭ洫ӣֶܳԸŵӣĵӾȫˡ
Ҹ˼һʧ֮УҶѾÿһ˵Ժ

˭˭ִóϡ
һֲƴҶֵ
в֪ߵغ
ҶоһӴƽ䣬ζһȭݺݵĺϡ
ýˣ
䣡
Ҷ㻰һ䣬Ƕߵķݣ߸ߵķ𣬱Ҷһȭˡ
ۣ
ɫ˲ήڵϲϳ鴤ܵٵ˺
ɵһ̣һӰ֣Ҷ棬ɨһۣѾ֪ȥ
Сӣִõĳϡ
ִøԼ˱˴ˣһŭ⣬һһĵӣǻðɡ
˭ΪҪһţ
Ҷŭˣ˵
˭Сӣ˭㶼֪Цһ£Ҿ˳˽ִøʯɽ
ԼһȻִøλýִʵǿֲﵽ侳ڡ
Ҷ¶֣֮ɫִøˣʵͣҶ㲻Ҵ⣬ϱûʲô仯
˲𣿡
ҶЦһ䣬̽һ¶Է
ٻ˺ĵӣִִܾϣشڹ棬ﲢҿԵɱ
ʯɽһŭû뵽ȥˣò׵һһ֣δܣͳ飬鴦õⲻһٺǳ⡣
֮λ޴ǣڿ˵ҷڹ棬׷ڹˣڳ˶֤ҶһֱǱֻ֣ѡ
ҶЦĿǰ
øƱСӣݣҲҪ׽ȥúõź㣬ӲҵȭͷӲ
ʯɽԸҶㆪȥֻҪҶ׽ȥ˵͹Ҷһˡ
˵꣬ʯɽһȭҶ㵷ڵľ籩©ѹһУһѿ񱩵һĶɽɪɪ򶷣ʯɽʵȻǿ
ҶȻսʤڣڣûκʤ㣬һС磬вƣȫһΡ
˺ڣÿһ֮࣬Խ棬ԽսԽԽѣԽһС磬ޱȼѣ似Щֲ
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һ߶ۼУȻȥһҶǰ̱ըơ޴ˣҶεİ
һĻ¶ϲɫȻҶˣδǿվִøˣŶ֮ɫ޲һȭҶɱ
Ҷ㴦ȭģʮΣգ񱩵ҪҶѹɷ飬ȭ֮Уһɹɽû뵽ĺӣ˽⣬ֱ˼飬ӦǾ仰˲òࡣ
Ȼ֮䣡
ۿҶҪȭ˺ѣҶϵһɺɨ˻ĵĺ֮֮Ϸ·ܿһɫףŸһ𣬻δ侳ҶѾ
ҿ
ȭһѿת֮䣬ҶҲ֪ʩչʲôȭȭӡһ䣬ͻɽемԾһȭ¡
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һҶֱϣϢǺɨ˻ĺ֮ԴÿһĺۼһǿһС
Ҷ·һȭԼ궼һݽߣҺôŻֽĻ
ѪȾ˻ģ
ҶУһȭض濪ʼζ
ҿߣҪˣ
ЩΧ۵ĵӿٳԶȥⲨ侳Ĺ̫ˡ
Ҷһɺ⣬·Ψһǿҵĺǵأ˵ȫסˣ˱塣
飡
ֲײսĴݳһβֹǺĵ¶֮ɫЩ洫Ӷ¶һ˿𺳡
Ҷǿ󣡡
һ洫ӸĸдѾов
·ս죬˵ղŻڵ֮ϣת֮С
ʯ쾪
ʯɽɫøȻһĵӶʰо澡ʧ
ֻмΪʱܿ˵Ӱӣʯɽһȣһʯ쾪ڸǷԲ׾롣
ʯ쾪
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ȭ޷ֵɱ֣һƥĸӡն£ʽ
ʱ֣ʽһԣҶ߱ʽԽԽ似ڲӡ
ܸ侳ڽ֣ҶΪһβɶõĻᣬȻսʤҲҪվ顣
꣡
ձһΪһ޴Уʯ쾪Ҷһնϡ
䣡
гһǿҳͬʱƷɳȥ͵ľǳһԭòĽֱΪƽء
꣡
Ҷ˫֮󣬲Щ֮ϣһؿ
ڹȻǿԼǶ֣
ϢƽȥҶ㰵˵
ִøʯɽ𾪣Ų˼֮ɫҶ㣬ԼһȭȻҶ£ȻԼռϷ磬ҶɣҲľѡ
侳Ҳˣ
Ҷ¶ư֮ɫɱٴξǾʽʽҪȸղǿһйɺĵζ
ס֣
ڴʱһ֮ս


276 ˴в
Ҷ˾նʽͻȻһȴˣһӰӳҶʯɽм䡣
ִõˣ
˷һϳˡ
ΪҪֹǣҪСץȥ
ʯɽ֣ʮ㣬Ҫٴγ֡
ûס𣡡
ִʯɽȣʯɽԭأΪŭ
˵ʯɽףҶҲףЩۿֵĵӸףִóϱҶˣ֣Ҷս˸൱ˣѵӦýҶûȥ
ʯɽǷǳȣæԴҼ֡
ҶѾ֪ˣȻԷֹսҶ㽫ɱ𣬲Ҵ⣬ڽ䱸״̬
Ҷ㣡
ִҶ˹δϳǿƣֻʵ
ǣ
Ҷʵش
ִϣ֪㴥ŹأӦϳΪѧԺ
ִƺƽһŭĺ档
Ѿ˵˺ܶˣ˹ѵҲӦ÷𣿡
Ҷ㻹Ǿ仰ִóϳȣ֤ݲ£Ȼ֣ѾΥִ޶ȡ
ȻݣǿʶҿԲ׷ЩˣǻٻɽʧҪõ⳥
ִȻ׷ˣҶ⳥һսʧ
ܾôˣһִûʲô
ϲ޴󰭣ôˣվ񶾵Ҷɨһۡ
зִ磡
ִ˰֣ûϡ
Ҷ㣬зɽܣ
˿Щִ֮Ҷʵ
ӸԸܷ
Ȼִ֪ʲôҩ⳥ʧҶ㵱Ȼܡ
Ǻãȥȥɣʱ򹦵û޸ЩҪԴ
ִûȥ˼
Ҷɢ˰ɣԻȥִûиαִϣԺƵ鲻Ҫڷ
ִ˵꣬ʧԭء
ţôˣҶɶҲûУⲻ߼ִòαĽڶ˵
Ȼִô˵ˣҲûбҪһֱȥֻܹҶ̫ˣͨӣͱִȥˡ
Ҷսʤ侳һֱǴੲ۵Ļ⣬һȺȺɢҲʱ䣬һС롣
ڴ뿪ʱ򣬼ӰͻȻ䣬Ҷǰסȥ·
˭ΪҪסҵȥ·
Ҷ׼ȥչأ죬ȡͻƵڣԪͻƻˮɵ顣
ô࣬ڵҳˣ㷴ʶҡ
ͣҶǰһ꣬мӵ˵һ߸ϵӣȫָӵһۻڸԼ˵

Ҷһƺ²⵽ˡ
㻹Ҿ
мһˣҶɨһۣҶкصĵطսʤ侳
ΪʦֲֳԭǸͷڹֻ꣬һЩһԸҡ
ӵһۼҶͲϲԷǸ飬˿ӣ˵
Сӣ֪ڸ˭˵𡣡
û˵ߵһ洫˵ˣָҶ
ҰСУֵ˵ķ𡣡
Ҷֱ̹ȥϻ̵һˣȻһ
ܺãƺҵΪҰҶ㣬ǵһˣ֪ʲô𡣡
ʮƽǹǹɱѾ
Ҳ֪Ҳֻ֪֪˲ңҲˣңұʮ֮
ҶҶֻҪԼҶԲȥҶԷ鷳вҶһ᲻ϧһдۣҲҪնɱ֡
е˼ƣ
ûгֵĴ㣬ոսܽŽ֣˵һݻתͷ뿪
ʦ֣ҷȰһ䣬òҪëңëˣ죬ҲὫͱ
Ҷһ䣬ҶҶ㣬ǺҶԲŹԷ
Ӷ˶٣վԭأûлͷͣһʱ䣬ûҶ㣬Զ
ʦ֣ˣΪθղŲֱ֣ѹʦֵı죬ɽڽ¡
ղűҶһ۵ɻȥߣ洫ӣȻһĵһɻȥ˵ȥˡ
ԣҲףղǸСӲ֪ߵغ񣬾ȻҹȻʦֵϣΪβֺݺһ
һ˵
Ϊô𣿡
üͷ΢壬ԣĥĲˣϻǸɱ
˻
˶ףͬʱʵ
ΪִĲαΪִռƵʱͻȻ֣ƲҶ㣬浽װʲôǲ֪
ȻеϵִõĽȷʵǣǿ˵мûʲô飬˭ҲţֻûȥĦˡ
˵ڰн
Ҳɵӣܿк塣
пܣִܷ˲򵥡
Ҳ˼˭ôı죬ܽҶĵӣִϣһѧԺʦƽϢ
ѵͥԺ
һƲ⡣
ܣȻпִܱȫӡ
ֱӷˣûôִ÷ƲҶ㡣
ǻ˭ѵԺʮϣ
ô˵ƺҲһ˿
Ǿôʲȥ
벻Բȥˣղűɻȥĵɹ뻳ź˵
ˣཨĽãôˡ
¶ղֻûȷϣһʲôһٴϯ
ԣȻŲУǾͰǵðСӸ
˵˶Цʧ֮С
һʮһߣܳϲǲΰ룬ϲǵԱ泩ǵǽõĻʹƵ洫ˣʵɲʯɽܱģһʯͷѹ˵Ŀϡ
ܿصܳĶһЩӢ£Щͨľ˵ȻȥʱҶͳһš
֮Ҳʲô£ǿˣ˲һ飬ԺճԱڵһλ˲ٶ࣬ңһ£ȫ꣬ж˶һϣǽǡ
Ҷĳ˵֮Ҳǻ¡
ûһˣԲڳˡ
ܳе𣬳飬вжΣȻҶģһֱƹܵĻǿܳ
ҲҪģһóһЩԴʱ˲Ҫţɣȹһʱ˵
ҶóһָܳУȥţҶչء
Ҷʦ֣ҿưոݣǲҪһ¡
ʱһ˵ҲǸҶһԺԺĵӡ
ûò໥Ӧһ£ҹҪչؼ죬ʲô飬öƣҾͻӦĵ
Ҷ˵ͷóһöƣһ֮ܳ֡


277 
ڿܳĶҶûͣþڼʱݾţҶ㵱ȻŹ
صԼԺӣɫѾϢֱӽչңһٳƵ侳ڡ
˺棬ÿͻһ磬ҪĲԴۣǸȥ򾳽磬ط
ȻѧԺм洫ӣͻ侳Բʮ֮һ٣侳Ҫͻ侳ϡ١
Ҷ㽫Ԫ˳ԪԪĴȣԪԽ侳ʵԽǿ
īɫĵҩҶһ̷ΪʴҺ壬˳ɤӣҶڲһȪʼϯҶ壬ŸͻȻһʼŨ
ҶûöԪֻһöƷƷǼƷͺˣܽҶŸﶼŨһ顣
ϧҶŸͨƷԪŨһڱŸϷ֣ÿһҲֻŨʮ֮һҡ
һǵ͹ԼǱ
ҶЦһһҶȫаսԪ
ˣʱ䲻ˣûԪһҲͻơ
Ҷһҧõڵ˳൱侳۷һľҶգ˿ڼƷԪ
ľϵޣޱ߱ǿĹһЩѪ޶ԸǣΪһȫðҲᱻĹ
ΪľϵޣҲһ˵ϲһֲľֲʮֹ죬ʮܿһԺ󳤳һٶ侳ܼ֮
ƫƫ޾ľĿǣľ֮󣬻һľϵ֮飬һ̥һ㣬ľģһľģͻ޵ѿȫʱͲľΣľµġ
Ҳвǿ֪ģڽʱһЩжĹľϵ֮鶾޾ͻᰲȫĴ
ԣҶ֪͸ԼһöڵҶʮ˷ܣɳΪ侳ز޷ɱ
˿˿ľϵ֮鱻ҶҶоĳطͻȻһҪѡ
Ȼ廹ľϢɲãͱɱ
Ҵ⣬Ҷʶ͸ڵ֮УڵпϸС磬ȻľˣĿʼѿֻǳ״̬
ˣȻѵľֻҪҽӵľͨ
Ҷ㷢ޱ𾪵ľҶпܽͨȫգʱҶܴ߶ľ
似ַţܹ֣ͨͬ似κʽͨ˲˼ĹЧñһЩޣ棬һЩϵޣһܶסԲǧףЩͨ
ѪħͨѪħͶӰѪħҲһͬвֲͬͨϵһˣҲб˴˵ͨرľľϵ֮жǿߡ
Ҷ˻ƣݱ˻ͨɷȻûлǿսҶͷźһҲš
кڰҶֻһЩƤëʵڰҲֳʱһʩչܼʮ׶ڰ
ľϵ֮鱻Ҷ棬ӰҲһöһ£˲ѣľϵ֮˳žħ͸ߣ͵˵֮С
侳۷ħޣڵǺˮһ㣬ȡ֮ҶҲ֪ȥãֻǾľһ㱻һī̵ӳˣľľȻҶ˽
ǣ
һѺۣҪƼһСľˣ濪߲ʻ꣬ͽľϵ֮飬ľա
̾ǿŻ飬飬źľǿӣͬ
ԽԽ𽥳ľ죬߲ʻһֱֻۣ硣
ޱȾľϵԪҶ棬Щܵ˺ĵطȻģľϵԪ޸һЩˡ
ÿһսɱⶼһЩȻõ˼ʱΣ²Щͻߵķչ
ܵ侳ܽȫϴһ飬ǰа޸û뵽Ҷľϵ֮飬ϴһ壬оȫʮ̩ƮƮ֮С
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Ҷһȫ޸ҶͻƵڸĴֻҪ޵ڵҶͻ֮ʱ
һʱȥˣڵɫʼǳҲīɫǳɫչҶǷ˾仯ľ棬컹һӣѾһž޴ľѾҶ߲һֱֻۣڵ»衣
ͻƵʱˣ
ڵõͣʣľϵ֮ݴھħԺͻƵʱգľɳԺһɱﵡ
ŸһʼڣתٶԽԽ죬Ҷ淢ǿҵĳһת
ÿһεתҶо˺ѵĸоӴ޷֧ţŪþͻ
ȷһˮףװˮȻû⣬ˮ̻Ժ󣬱ɱʮּӲıʯͷӲˮ׻ôװ϶ᱻ飬ű
ҶѾ侳ڣʱԼǵʹҪǿħűˣһζ磬ǣһǾˮ¡
ħűڶ䣬ҪҵռƬħлݻ䣬Ҷһͻƣһ߸Լ滮
ڵƷף߲ᳬ侳۷壬ϣͻ޷ҶŸ
ʱҶŸоԼʮַأħűȻǿҪԴޱȿֲÿһҪԴӦ
رǾŸҶҪ˾űԴ
ڣҽȫֳɫڵһ㣬ͻƵֻһ֮ң
ͻưɣ
Ҷһͺȣع鵽ŸĴȵȼҪȸղǿһܹ磬Ҷͷ֮ϳһ޴У
ͻƣŸٴαţҪÿֲݡ
ĵȻ㣬ҶȣĿΪҶҪűúݡ
ɳĮ֥ˣ
ԥҶ㽫ɳĮ֥˳еľÿֲ
޷Ҷյٶȣ֪ԺҶٴͻƣҪɳĮ֥ı޷ҶҪЩҶֻһЦ
ɳĮ֥񱩵ĳҶͿʼŤƺ͹ɳĮ֥溬ҺþŸɳĮֽ֥ˣȻӿ壬ͳűˡ


278 ֮
ɳĮ֥ҲȭͷСȴֲľԴԴĳҶӿ롣
糱ˮһľ˳žħ͵Ÿ֮ϣ䵽Ÿ棬γһѭҶڷĵӡ
̣
Ҷо洫̵һʲôͱˣҶ侳ڣڲ侳۷
һöȭͷɳĮ֥Ȼ޷Ҷգֻýһö˳˳Ҷֱۣٴϯ
ˣ
ҶѪҺѪɽҵײÿһײҶ嶼һ¡
ڶöɳĮ֥ľڿټ٣ҶŸȻδﵽͣҶʮ𾪣ԼǱжȷˡ
ѾҶʣԽţȫǸ̥߸ĳʶ
ܿ죬ڶöɳĮ֥Ĵ֮£Ҷֻó鵤ΪҺ壬ܣҶ롣
鵤֮Ҷое㲻Ծ鵤Ȼʣ޷ԪںϣҪʱ
ˣҷԪַԪڵҪһ˸߳࣬鵤ܸܵʡ
ҶܿͨеĹؼֹͣ鵤óһǧöԪ鵤ʱǧöԪ鵤һֱûã;ҶӴѧԺ洫Ҳò٣óˡ
һǧöԪ鵤ֵȼʮö鵤ֹΪ߲һΣ鵤ֻҪдҩ侳ֱַͨȡ϶ɡ
ҲԴ֮ȡɵ
Ԫ鵤ͬԪ鵤Ҫ߼ҩһЩҩ棬סԪγԪ鵤ÿһʮ
Ԫ鵤Ȼͬþ־
Ԫ鵤֮Ҷڸ鵤ȣ鵤Ȼԡ
Щ鵤ǿԴ͸˵ĳԱҶһ㹻ʱ䣬ʯҲ˲٣ЩһڵҶߡ
õĻйˣӱøĺԽԽŨľǹ죬泤һŹ߲ʻֱһڵĴ졣
䣡
ҶоԼ꺣һһǿĻ֣Ҷˮһ㣬һʵȻ
Ҷ𾪵ǣǵֵŻø·־ܴõ
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һݺݵĳ޴Żײ˹ȥ
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ҶоԼĶĤҪըӻ꺣洫һ޴ײҶ¹ȥ
Ҳûջ񣬸ղײʱҶȻŻɶһ£ϣײ

֮ҶĴ򿪵һŻܸԼʲôϲ
ٴαһ۳ɵĻ꽣ָ˸ղŵӣҶС˺ܶ࣬٣˶Ĥ
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Ҿ
ײѾҶоôǸղŬǰŻ׶رգҶ㲻ܵȡ

ҧҧҶ¶֮ɫûκţһ꽣֣ݺݵײŻϡ
ۣ
һѪҶһײ˺꣬˺ûʱᣬҶĻײײͷѪҲϧ
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ˬ
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޴Ż״򿪵ʱǰ˲˼ĳŻһһޱߵ򣬸ַת
ڷƯһ޴Ĺ֣Ҷ㿴壬ĸܵ洫ݳһϢע뵽Ҷ꺣档
ϢûҶ꺣֮ʧʧʧһƬ磬ҶţղʵģѵŻʲô򲻳ɣ
ûᷱΪʧҶϥ£ʼϸϸζղŻ꺣һЩϢ
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ղŴҶ꺣ǵ⣬Ȼһģܶ飬ӴԺԼ֮ƶɣ֮Ҷֻǵõ֮Ƥë
ԽԽ룬Ҷ𽥳ˣȻ̫˼ˣܶ꣬ӴԺֻԼ
λشµļ䣬ŻδŻģһƬҶ꺣ײɲǣδʲô˵ˡ
úúã֮ΥԼֻҪһ֮ӴԺֻΨԼá
Ҷ㰵ϲȲȥˣأõ֮ûʲôҶ㲻ȥˡ
ⲻ֪һ̣ȫ䶯ˣ۷崦һʮҵ񴩹գ֮ܿÿһų֪Ѱʲô
ϲģȻħű䣬ҵ˴ˡ
˵꣬ʧԭء
ȫҶ꺣һŽɫӣ֮ģֽܷ֮ҪȻĳˣֻҪ֮עԷ꺣ɣӴԺֻҶһˡ
˫ۣҶһ裬һȥ·С
֪þм죡
ҶʮƽղŻ˷Īʱȴƽ˾ҶԼٵõ
ƿչңҶ㳯ԺȥαչջķᣬҶúõ
׼õ䳡Ҷվм䡣
ಣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷֱϴܳһ߲ʻ꣬ʮֹ죬ſһǧʯץ˹ȥ
˲죬ʯ漴£߲ʻ˻
꣡
оӻм䴫һſղŻǧʯȻɷĩ
úúãû뵽ľĹǿԼʽΨһϧֻһֻۡ
Ҫʵľһְۣ֪һʲô⾰Ҷʮڴ
Ҷۣܻ֮磬Ҫ似ˡ


279 Ͽɽ
ҶҲľĹ𺳣Ƽһȴĸλ侳ڣ⧲֮£Ѷܡ
ýʲôʲôأ
ֱ輸£ľҶΪһ壬Լֱһ㣬Ҫ似ĹӵӦ֣ķλҲ㡣
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ҶҲ벻ʲôõ֣һſɶ֣Ҳԡ
˼ΣҶȫӦ֣ɱУһǰδеƣҲҶһʩչ
ƣҶȻƣ򵥵һʽҶȻ޷
ǲУֻʩչʽ޷ݳ
ҶˣԭҶ߱ʽУʽҶҲֻǴһЩƤë޷֧ʩչһС
ˣڵһʱ俴ܲǿһЩƾʩչˡ
Ҷ˵
磬𣿡
ʱҶԺ⴫һò£Ŷ
ԺţŶվ⣬վһӡ
ӼԺ
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Ҷ㽫æ˽
磬𣡿ôȥɡ
ŶһȦҶԼȣˡ
Ŷ洫ӣصȻһ㣬ֵ˶㲻ãҲˣȵҶ洫ӣһҲ洫򡣡
ЦǺǵ˵һĵȣҶԺǺܺˣܳ㡣
ԭǴˣȡ洫
ŶͯδߣһЩѧԺĹƶȿĺܵСĻкܴĹϵΪǱĵӣȻӦܺõԴʵˣԴ޵ģֻǿţиԴ
Ҷ㣬ǿþӣ׼ôˡ
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ãҿҲ׼ҲڷԸʲôˣһὫþһЩ˵˵Ҳߺܶ·
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Ҷ˵ͷþ汻ʲôƣŻЧ
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ѣҶ㻹ʮָм
þϹʱԵϹıͿûԵˣþ˵󲻴˵СҲСȫУҲҪʱ䣬Ժܶʱ䣬ͬ顣
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һιһͬʱþ棬ԼģرǴѧԺԺһӣҪСĶԴ
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ȫ벻һνþȻһˣѧԺֻȶʮˣţЩ壬ƶɳǰ
ҶʱףѧԺ֮ѡǰʮˣ׷󾫶࣬ͨĵӾȥٶ࣬Ҳֻܽȥιޣ棬ȻҶûнȥѾ֮пþô򵥣
ŶҶȥ÷ĶһۣڱչأҶҲûдţҲĳ̣ϣþһݱϡ
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ĵӱֿǸÿھѡĵӣһþ
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гӰӣͬʱĹ㳡֮ϣͷľȻʮ֮ϣϣԪϣʮϣһˣԪڵġ
ҾͲ˵ˣǵĵʦԺƶ㽲ʱ䲻ˣڳ
ΪһεĴˣվ˳˵
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кһеӿʼ½½ȥЩĵʮֵȻϾвŵӣδ侳ܷУһѷеĸоʮִ̼ġ
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ϵĲٿ֮£ۻڵϣһƬյأ˰ѧԺķΣǰģռλá
µ֮Ҷܿȥǰ޴ѿڣѵǾǽþ


280 Ѫ
£һжٶڿյϣѧԺӰأָҶԶԶȥмͬʱִɽ˺
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˭ѧԺڱȵĹھվҪս
ҶҲûȥվԭأ÷죬ʱҲഫһƵ˳ſȥʮΧһ껺ѧԺ
ѧԺڱȹھսѧԺڱȹھһνìͷָѧԺ
һȣ˲˵ע⣬Щ뿪ˣЩĵӿʼۼ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ£Щ˶ǴѧԺĵӣ
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޺۸Էʱ߹ҲϣҶ㲻Ҫ嶯
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ѧԺô̵ǵ𣿲ǣҰһĴҽУ
һ˵ĲǶڣԶڵԸ񣬻˵ĻǹڤȻɱ飬ǾѧԺ
û˵ЩһվˣѵѧԺڱȹھǸͷڹ𣿼ӣվûС
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Ѫ֣˭ǴѧԺŶ
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Ѫ˿Ϊ⣬ܴЩѧԺĺĵӶЦѪڴѧԺǺаԵǺĵӼҪ洫ӼҪͿ֪ĵλǳĳߡ
ԣ
Щ˿ʼʱݵţѧԺȥѧԺĶˡ
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Сӣǵ͹ˣڵ侳ս䣬һдܣǸһλᣬڹڵģǻῼǷһ·
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ԶһҽУʮȻҲ߳Ҷһ֮ң
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꣬ж˻ô꣬侳Ҳİ
һǧҩ켶ҩҩʮϡ٣ÿһ궼ޱгϻ򲻵Ƴɵҩۡ
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ҶתۼĹ򣬾ժ곬ǧҩóȥ䶯
ȻҶܲɼһҲܲɼܶҩȥ֮һʲƸ


294 ʵþ
·ҶߵķǳļѣҪЩǿޣҪٸֳϮ۸ӵľ鲼ɽûе·ߡ
Һһ·Ҷ㲢įһߣһ߲ɼҩһ·֮ϣҶҲ֪ɼ˶٣оüָѴˣȥ֮һԼʣ¿ֲ
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295 
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ܾͻȻתҶѪż仹ŭƱ˺Ԫ


296 ֵ
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лĺˬ˵û뵽ղŻлĺһת˷񣬹ƸղĽᱻ⿪ʮ֮á
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ãһҶֹȻûҵʧڴǺܿٴμ棡
һʱܿҪȥܵľҪ仯Ҫֿ


297 ÷ץ
ʱһȥҶʵþѾʱˣڼ˺ܶ飬ܶɵĵӣҲѧԺĵӣһ֮ٴηֿ
ʱ䣬Ҷÿ춼ǹıǿޣ໥ɱΪһЩԴﾡһЩͬŵΪĳһᰵɱ֡
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ȵʱ򣬶⵽Ҷ裬񵶱ҶޱȣһֱޣҪһɱҶ㣬йͷֻޡ


298 й
Ѫ鿴Ŷˣ¶ЦݣʮָȤڸԼ̸ʲô
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ҲĨǣһ飬֪а취׽Ҷ㣬ֻҪɱ
ڴŶ񶾵񣬻ȵһĻӣ޷̡

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ҶһհɱУһ֣֮ѹأ·һɺ֮Ҷϱӿûأɽӡ
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ЩڶˣҶʩչ߱ʽ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ڸ˵Ѫֿܽ¶ŭ֮ɫһƮȥ˽


299 ˺Ƥ
棬Ҷ֣ľ罣һ߱⣬ϱҶݻ
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ǿɬһαڼҵϣһɱҶ㣬ǿԥ˺ܾòŴӦϾ׸ϵһ㣬ױҶ裬ҲǿӶͥԺŵӵλԽԽͣŴӦγһˣĿľҪɱҶ㡣
վһԵ־ƽǻһߣͻȻʧԭأ棬֪ȥʲôȥˣʣʮ侳ӸȨ棬վԶۿⳡս
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־ƽǻһ̵ĻߣһͻȻ֣޷˲ȥ


300 ת
˭Ҳ벻־ƽʱͻȻѣг˵ĲӺȥ÷ˡ

ʦֻδ˵˺ᶼжϣʵĳȥ벻ףΪ־ƽͻȻǳ֡
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־ƽ˵ĴȻڳ˾ȻһĬˣǲһжҪɱҶ㣬Ϊʲôãˣѵһдӿʼһ


301 նɱ
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˵ʲô־ƽŲھɱ㣬ȻΥҵ
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Ҷ׼һֱ˲ңҲˣ⼸˴ԼԣرһΣѧԺڴҶĵߡ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ôûʣܿܣҪɱҪϤ㣬Ҫ˵ôʡ
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ԻȥˣʲôҲҪˣֻҪҶܷŹһξС
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ҶͻȻޱֱһĵͬʱ˵ĵ

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304 ִ
ڸԷ˵ͻȻһ˼̸һǱ߿˹ȥһɫ۵߹
Ҷʦܣ˽йأգƱһţʵɲ⣬ϳǸǸѲĽɫ
ԷܿΪҶܣҶһڹأյɨһۣʮޣ˿侳ڣǸһѹָС
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أߵǰҶ㻹Է޺ɨһۣ˴ѧԺһر޺ۣѾʼ侳ٶȿƿֲ
ǵôȵҲͽӽʱ䣬ʱǵ侳ڣ̶ʱ䣬ٶҪҶ㻹Ҫһ֡
ҾҶ㣬кָ̣
أյ䣬ƺһָӵĿǣҶҲػص
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һдҶ֪ҶأҲף֮бɱ¾֮˵棬˶ȥ˭ҲûбԼɱ⡣
ָ̲ҵѧԺײǹƱӣǸô㣡
أյ˵ֲֻҶɱƱӵ顣
ϣϡ
أ˵꣬ƱŶӣڵϳ鴤װʮʹӡ
˵˵ʲôʱײˣǵǺò
ʼǷͻĵվָأգֶζʹ鷴˵˹ûʡ
ҽƱ磬ײңҺúõĽѵһ٣
ӹأյ߳һӣһƳղ˵ѧԺӺɨȥȻ侳ѧԺҲ侳ʵ̫
飡
Ʒ쵽ʱҶˣ赭дһƣǿɻ⣬Ʊ˻ȥ
Ը޳ܵõİ취ӣѵҧһڣڷҧȥ𣿡
Ҷֹӣ˵ȥΪҶ㳹׸Ʊˡ
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Сӣ֣Ȼݳɹ
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һ֣ѵǹƱû𣿡
ҶһղȻ͵ϮҶǹѾӣۼˣղһҶѾɱ֡

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أգ֪Ʊϵͬһ㣬ǽҶһǹƱ˹ǣڻһңҪΪѧԺӣ˭һѡ
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Ʊƺ֪ֻе裬˸ûԲдһ˵
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ûбҪɡ
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ǣʦܼġ
𲻻Цһ


305 
ԭԼվûκιϵҶʮָмţƱΪ߲嵶٣Ҷܸж
˵ˣҶ㣬û뵽ôּˣ
𲻻Ӵ֣κ鶼ĺᣬлĺĻȽ٣Ҳһһһվ֤ҲʮںҶѡ
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Ҷ˵ͷ޴ĸŻ˭ҲʲôŻǰеĻһεĽƣֻдĻ֮ܽС
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Ҷüߵĸ֪δ֪ΣյԤС
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𲻻ɻ֮ɫ
ڼ˵ѾȲĴĻ֮Уһˮһ㣬ֱûĻĺ档
ȫɧˣǵ̸Ҷ㻹˵ԼĸоƵ˱Ե
δ֪Ķ඼֪̽дŵ֣ҲǵĵĵطܻʲôϹɼ似ϣԼܵõ񵤣ϾϹҪǿ
ǲȥˣ
ԷЦһղŻǧˣֻʣȼˣȥˣºöˣԴȥ
߰ɣҲȥ
Ҷ˵ͷһʮ˳ǰŻ
ȥֿ֮ΣһͨѶ
ҶóöԼͨѶУ÷һö𲻻㣬лĺóԼͨѶ໥һͻ໥ҲиӦ
Ĵһ¹Ļʮһһ㣬Ҷ建ʧ֮С

ܹһ磬Ҷ˫ŵأԼվɳ棬ܶǽɫɳĮһߣղŸԼվһȫʧ
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Ҷµһ̣ܷҵĺ¡濪ʼζԶѹѹһƬ޳Ҷĳ
ƷȺ
Ҷ㷢֮Ҫ̫ӴˣͷҶɱҲɱ˷ӿ룬ԽԽ࣬𽥽ҶΧ
ٵˣΪǿ
ûʱȥˣΪһģڸԶֿ˭Ҳ֪˴˱͵ʲôطΨһİ취Ȼ취뿪
ӴȺǵ侳ͷƤ飬һ쾳ôȺΧҲֻ
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ҶһĨ⣬һȭݺݵҽһͷ޵ԴϣһԽƽ֮ĵǡ
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ʼʱҶûжԪɱǧͷ֮о飬ֻõԪ
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Ҷͷ֮һɳɱУһ䣬ջУƥ˿ʼӴȺһȭһȭɱҶҪüʱ䡣
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һڵѷ֣İ֮ʱѷй¶Щʱճһ֣ʼʳϵЩ
ʱճһ޾һָСܲסӴһͷӴʱѷ֮Уʱʱճ棬ڼʱ䣬ͻᱻʳһա
ʱ䣬϶һİ׹ǣҲգۼĹЩʱճǧͷޡ
ѷϵһȫʧصѷ֮С
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Ҳʱ䣬Ŀ죬˵ø죬תۼ˵һɶָܻ
һͶ·һɹ⣬һ޴Ķڳ֣ӶڵϷһݣɢ͵Ĺâ
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ԸЩʯˣҶ㲻㶯似״ݻ١
Ҷͻưͷ֮һֻ֮һ֮ң
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ӰӽʵʣȻԪݻɣѾһ˿⾳棬ݺݵײʯ˾ȭ֮ϣһ֣ȭ飬ʯ˳ȥ
ڴʱȭܿϮҶһʮתضȭȫڿ֮ϣղվĵط򴩡
ŵ֮Ҷ㲻˼һȭһͷʯײȥһӰǽӽʵʣԪĽϣֻǿʩչ
ģ
ѣǰʯ˱Ʒ˳ȥȻҶ廹ֱ۳̣СС棬Ǳ˿ֲ
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޴ʯԴҶһȭ飬ΪʯͻȻԭأ·ʧȥʲô֧һ㡣

Ҷһʯˣ֮ٴγһѷ죬ɫĽֳˡ
Ҷûԥ˳Žݳȥ


306 Զ
һǺޣڶ쾳ʯˣ֪ʲôҶ㣬˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ
˫ŻŵأҶ֣֪ܶںδоܴ

һԶž֣Żᷢ淢΢ĻζԣԶľȻǵһƬƬĵ¡
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Ҷ𾪣ӽþҶ˺ܶδޣ档
Զ½ǳϡ٣ҲǱӲʾˣû뵽Զ
ҲգۼĹһͷ޴ҶǰһһˮͰϸľ𣬷¡һҶ˹
ԶʱڣһһǶԼǿı죬ıɽӣһɺӴȥûһׯ
ԷɹľҶûֱһһȭɨȥ
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ľɱɳȥҽһͱ֮УΪ촷¡

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γһͨݻǰһŭХ
һ̤Ȼܣһ͵ȫʧȻҶȭ˽ȥ

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ȭ֮󣬾תµγһɹɹ֮Щľ𣬾ʯԶһҶѹ
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Ҷ֮зɳһ̽ٶޱȣ˹٣ĲйȥĲ˼顣
ԷĹ¶һ˿ݣƺԸ˵עĽ֣˭Ҳ޷ı䡣
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Ĳ֮УѾ˳֣֮ڣ¼پʬ塣
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ΨһľֻǣصĿռ뵽ɱ֮УҲתԼȥ
һӣҶ㽫޾ʳ
ǰ治Զ֮ϳּ֣ϲͨأ
ճһѷ죬ɫĽݴҶ㿴һ۵㣬ԥĲȥ
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Ĳ֮УдӿУƺҪȵС˺ܶ࣬໥ּʷǳС
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ϵϢҶУоѾмûֵһЩûüš
ֵ߽ϣҶ㳯һ߹ȥһǰľŻΪһ촷ۣ΢һȻɢڿС
ЩȻˣֻҪһͻữΪҽЩ֮ոһÿ궼½ǽƣһЩһЩ֮󣬷ֹ
ĽȫʧЩȫãҶ߽֮У滹ڷһЩһЩڵϣһͭķȫʧ


307 Σ
Ҷʮ֣һ㵽㣬ᾭʯˣΪεĲʲôҲûֻƬǵĽȺ
ȻˣȵɣҲܷһЩ˿
֮֮Ҷ㻹Ƕġ
һ㣬ҶѾĲ㣬֪ʲô˭Ҳ޷ԤϣҲǵȵĲʱҶ֪
̵棬ȻòһЩطǼ¼˲飬ой
һƫƧĺɽסһŮʮ֮ң
ǸʲôΪʲôҪסҵȥ·
ŮһȣͻȻסһʶԷ϶һ֮ɫ
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ЦһУֻҪ費֣˭ҲС
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С椣Ȱ㻹ǹԹԵľܣǼúõĶԴ㣬Ȼ㲻֪ôһúõĥ㡣
ﾡֱһӣĽƵ
ȻʷǷԺͱһϿϣϾʱǳԺȣ͸ϲЩڹȵӡ
һʱ˵侳۷壬ѾǾˣЩڹȵȲضãҪϳǡ
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ʼ֧ţ𽥱Էѹƣƣ̬ԽԽ٣ѹƵĺ޷֮ﱧèϷӵ̬ȣͳֽá
һ㣬֮Բǿг֣Ҫ׽һֲɱԷǾͲҪĽˣǴЦƲϲУмƲץסļ

ҶҪ̣߳ͻȻоһ˷ȣӦȵźš
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һץﳯļץץʵֻܱԷƣһöƺйȥ

Ȼĳһ񵲣һƫˣһֻٴγ֣Ҽץ
Ҳǵóѣ
ͻȻ󳷣ٹǷԼĲϣٽһͻء
Ҫˣˣ
ֹû뵽ɱԸⱻۡ
㳤ԼĲϣȻǵĶ֣ѡɱԱ֮
αҪأԸɱҲԸȫǣ˵ίˣʵǲͣ۳ңһǴġ
ﲻݣòҵĻᣬô׷
㲻Ҫ˵ˣҪڽһǰ
㽿һЩ˾Ь䣬Ⱦָ塣
Σһʬѹ⣬õչʾǶˣ㶪ĲԼȵ棡
ѧԺһ˵ˣʮֶ񶾣ɱϷŹ񹲷ߵ鶼˵ѧԺ˻ɥĲ
ȫ¶ȷŭ޿κΣĿˣ󻹱óȥչʾ
Ȱ㻹ǹԹԵĴǣǱ֤Ϊ㣬ֶΪ
ӿԥˣٴ˵
ұ죬ǴѧԺһȺ¹ޣӦ⵽Ǵ
ŭ޲ڽЩǧУ
ТԺТ˳ˡ
Լף¶֮ɫ
㷢ģ첻һɱˡ
¶һɼᶨ֮ɫƺˣĬĬ߶ʱ˾ңһȻţΡ
ʱֻҪ˴ʱܽΧԸһţź򣬿֪ʱһʲôز
㷢Ҳûạ̃ˣȻϴǣֻԼԳˡ
￴㲻ӣһ㳯㿿
Բǣ̷ˣ
㳤ͻȻԼĲĨȥ
ڴʱһĨ֣͸ռ䣬ùݣͻȻߡ
ϣ
еĳˣ˫ۣԼǰƯһ֪̽Ӻγ֡
˭˭
ʮղĨԶûзӦ
ɱǵˣ
δԶƮ·մһӰ֮ϣ쿪һ׵ߡ
ҺĻ㼰ʱ
Ӱ֮һ


308 Ȼ
׼صʱһ̽гɣһڴʱһӰգۼߡ
ˣƱдѧԺ¶һ˿֮ɫ岻һ
Ҷ硭
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ûˣｻҰɣԺǧҪɵˣǽģ
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лҶˣ
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תӣҶ㳯ǰ˿˹ȥ·ڿһ㣬Ϊ˰ԼϧƱݸмҶһֱģڿ⵽֣ϱһɱ⡣
ԲðɣҶ֣
ֻһ仰Ҷ·ǵ̡
Ҷ㣬Ҫ㣬ǹƱɲ㣬ҶǣأʦһΪǱ𣡡
˺ѣȻԼµ˵ĵǲ㡣
вûã֮ԲãȻݹ飡
һȵɱ⳯ѹ˹ȥһ˿˿֣֮סߣҶ˲佫ǻɱ
һۣӱ˴˵пͬĴ𰸣еıͬһʱ䳯ҶĹ
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ɣ
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ӳˣ
￴Լӳǧ׾룬Ц
ӳ𣿡
һӰӳ֣óǰ

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ҵͱƿˣУУ
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㻹иּۻ۵ʸ𣡡
Ҷһݺݵĳ˹ȥӻΪһâĻ꺣֮С

﷢һҽУо꺣ʲôһŽɫӳˣĻ캣ѿɢ
μˣ
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ҶоÿһͷӲԼĵ˵ͷ
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Ҷ͵û˵ǶȻؼݲܣҶıûС
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֣ѵʲô𣿡
Ҷое֣ʱϽ𲻻˼
Ҷ֣Ĳʱ򣬿ɿʲôĽ
ղһ·֮ϣ𲻻лĺѾˣ˽ĲһƬ֣һɽ棬ΨҶ㲻дһʡ
ûȷʵһƬǴģ
Ҷûʵص
ǾͶˣͨĲͨ档
𲻻ʮֿ϶˵


309 ǻ
һ𳯽𲻻ȥе㲻ףΪνĲȺС
ҲǴӹż֮пģԭħڵõ󾭹֮󣬲Žеҽһ£λڰհ죬ֻһ·֮Ҳ֮Ϊӭ£
𲻻˵һ˵ͷ
֮󣬰ڲôö֪˴֮أҲ˴ж磬ʵĵڡ
˾ȥҴϽ𲻻
ʧҲһʧеӲ֪ȥ򣬵Ƿ˻þһֱ²⣬ڵʧŻþĪĹϵҴӹżϿĽܣ˵ÿһ㶼йؿֻдһأܽһأԴƣȻԶᱻ֮С
𲻻˵
Ǹô죬ǲǸϽѰȥڣֻе˵㣬뿪
лĺ˵ˣ˭Ҳ뿪
֮УʱӦд˷Щȥ϶ǻһ𡣡
𲻻ǲżǻһ
Ǹôѵһֱ
лĺԽ𲻻ʮţ𲻻أƺʲôһֱд֡
Ҷ֣˵㣬ҲĵڣʱⲻһǱҪȫ֮ߡ
𲻻ʱҶ˵
˵һĵڣᷢԴ˼𣿡
Ҷ𲻻˼ǵںڣЩͻȻȥһŪû֡
пܣﵽأû֣һҪһҲ˵㣬ֻֿ໥ԱҪһ׼
ǰ㣬Ҷ֪һ̤㣬Ūô໥ַֿ˴˲໥ӦһжҪԼ
һĬһҶ㼰ʱϵѾ
ˣҲҪô߻رȻ߷գӽһ̣ѾעԺˡ
Ҷ㿴ıȽϿκηηš
ûеˣȻþҪ׼
лĺɫţޱȼᶨ˵
һȣϵͬһ㣬ʣлĺ£𲻻ԲһЩǽ𲻻أκʱ򣬽𲻻ȱԴߴطܼ񵽽ӡ
˴Դѻ𲻻ʵҲɵ
һ󣬳Ҷղ·۷
һ֮ǰȻһƬĽȺ·һǣҲһУΪ඼ǵ̡
ûв´ǵڽ״ڵĲ㣬ƽӶﻻȡԼҪĶ
𲻻Щ˼˵
ߣȥɣѾ˽ˣ
Ҷ뿪һʱˣЩͷܶд߽
ֵ֮󣬳ȥֺܶ˶ǰ
ǿȥ˵ǰͨͨǲҪˡ
˴ҴҵĴҶܹ߱˵
ߣҲȥͨͨˣ
𲻻ʱ˵һ䣬ٳɣһ˼ӿ˽Ų
żʮʱ䣬Ҷ㿴ǰվǧˣ֪ڹʲôҲȺ֮У濴ȥ
ڣûĵڣ
ٴο֣𲻻ȷˡ
ڷڸڣĽڣڣǺĵ֮أֻͨͨܽ뵤ڡ
Ϊǻȥ
㿴Щ˶Ⱥʵ
ǽȥ֪ˣ
лĺȿ·漷ȥҪô£ΪЩ˶Ͻ롣
Ⱥ֮ӡǰһĻдӬͷС֡
֮ʼ֮ܣΪûеƽ㣬⵽ġ
ҶϸϸȥЩӡЩûƵĵԴ룬ʲôơ
ô죡
𲻻Ҳûˣû뵽ͨͨнػǿд룬
ڵȵȿܻȲģ
Ҷ㲻żΪֹû÷ϢҶʮֽȽȥ
ðɣȳȥȵ˵
˵˴漷ҵһƫƧĵطֵˣĵ̱ѹεһɶ˷ĵҩһЩͭһ顣
ҶÿǴʦԣ󷨸֣
һӴ֣Ⱥкȳ⣬󻹸һȺˣһͨǰȥ
ڵˣŶһһģݷǳеλļҡ
𲻻ʱ˵νļҵȻѧԺѧԺƱԼȡ
ϣˣ
Ⱥһɧڵ˳֣ȷʵôҿϣκ󷨣ڵǰɻ⡣
Ҷ㷴ȤղЩԼҲۿһ飬δʲôѵƽ
һŮ߽ͨԵóһƵ̣ڽƱԵȻ̽
ǻޣ
Ҷ㰵һЩǴܸѧģонǻ޵ãŵ󷨱ԵܲӶƽ⡣
ԭڶʮ죬ǻޣֻҪǾǻ޶ҵ
ǻ޷ŵƱԵ֮ͻȻһЩϸСָ뿪ʼת滹һЩ·һſŽС໥ײ
һʱȥˣһŮĶԭأһ̶뿪ǻޣʹģֻмʮöǻޣʮ
Ȼ¶֮ɫҲֻһɵѧԺԸڣǰһ仰
ѧԺǹսڵЩʮֹ죬ȫ֪ʲôʱһ󷨣Լ涼֪Īˡ
һЩʵ˿ļҵֻͣǵ̲ͺñȹңʵ˿κһңΨһ㣬ǵ̲
ҲһʵУһһָĽ֣һܶʮˣرڻһ׷ʮһС󣬰һǧɣܷء
ʱȥˣһŮڴӵվǻޣ໥һ¡
Щƣʮ񡣡
һ˵ڵĴʦ֣콣ҲһһԷ֮ϡ
ʦ֣ǻϻʲôϽЩĽƵ
ʶЩˣʼȲˣϣڵ˸ϽƵ㣬ر֪ǵں֮ȲĿʲôջһ棬ܵõϹıĿġ
ղ˵ĺˣȻƳƣǷǳףǵں֮˴񣬿ºü춼ָܻʮΣա
콣˵ȻƳ󷨣˼ƾʲôƳĴ
ʲô˼ѵǾһֱ𣡡
˵ȵòͷˣһӶȥȥʱֻʣ죬ܳȥһӶҪ


310 
Ⱥʼɧ˴ߴ٣ڵȴĶǽϣڸϽƳ󷨡
Ҷ˾վƫƧĽ䣬һУҶǻһߣŹЦݿһ콣
콣ͲҪˣҪʲôᣡ
վֱ콣ΪǹôʲôĿġ
λ̨ˣһ콣ΪʲôҪӣб£Ƴơ
콣һƣȻóһ·øղ˵Ƴơ
㲻ǷϻƳƣͽȥˣαվϻ
ʮỪ콣ӵӣ˵£ʲôѴ˵һ취αؼʡ
㻹е֪֪֮ԼƳ󷨣Ȼˣ͸ұ죡
콣һ˿֮ɫҲһƲӡ
ȻȲЩţ콣˿ǲƱĹأգȵĵ裬дѧԺѪ֣ѧԺ޺ۣĿǰΪֹһֱΪѧԺŵһ޺ۣҶδɢȥ
㡭
ղ˵ӱ콣һ仰˻ȥ
ˣˣҶ˵һ䡣˺Уȥûκ棬ʱ䡣
콣֪ӣʲôֱ˵Ǵһ취
Ⱥ߳һӣߵǰ棬һ񽣣м񣬺Ҫһ㳤Ϻܶ࣬ҲϺܶࡣ
ԭ˵ʦ֣ʧʧ
콣ʶǰӣʮֿһȭ
˲κţһɢˣάɢ޵棬ѾγɹģγɽʽҪˣҪɷǳԴܵõӡ
ҶҲжţ˲֪ʲô֯ģܷչһȷš
㲻ôʣ˵ɣҪôſ󣡡
ӱȽֱ˵Ƚֱӣø콣Ĩǡ
Ҳֵӣĺ
콣˫һ̯״
˭֪㻪콣ƻӲӥûкô˵ɣҪʲôôſƳ󷨡
е㿴ȥˣֱͱ˻콣
̧̫һ콣ˣȻô˵ղž͵һ콣ʲôҲû˵˭ԸǾ˭ȥƣһ콣ûκιϵܿ˰ɡ
콣˵꣬˴ͨԵȻˡ
ȵȣһҪƵģʲôҪɣ
һվ£콣˵
ԭǶʦ֣ʧʧ
꣬콣һȭʮֿ
ʲôҪ˰ɣȻܴˣҲܴһˡ
ƺԸ콣ߵĺ֮ܽ²վ
˭Ϊʲô콣ɵ֡
Ⱥдһɧûжʶꡣ
㶼֪治֪ôݻģǧ߱ʶҡ
ʵӷ֮
˵˵
Ȼ˱ģûκɫ²Ҫ֪
Ǵһĵڶӣһˮ
ΪǽܣԭǶ³Ķӣ˻Ȼ
˵³ǣҶ·ʱǰѩԭʱ·³ǣֻǴҴһƳ³ǿѩԭ紦Ҳǳѩ³ǽһ·֮ϣųƶ¡
Һ߶Ҳʮأ˶ֻмݻһˮ֮һűϳ
Զһʼʮ㣬һ򣬾ԽʱĴҪɵ֡
Ȼֶˣһ콣ҲĨˣԣǲܰװ׵ΪʱҪά֣һ⵽󷨷ɣϣ½⣡
콣һȭܲ˶˵ͷ콣˵
ڵشƫԶԴѷÿһȻҲһЩҩҪЩҩάǷӣ
˵콣Ȼڿ˵Լƶ񤣬˵ԼԴ޷֮Ļ
ǵҩ˵һ䣬Ҫ٣ôˣһóһЩ㹻ˣ
ԭǵԴϣ޷Ū⵽󷨷ɣųٳٲ
콣һ㰡ȶôˣĸԸóԴ
Ҷ¶аЦӵһۼ콣һ̣֪Էֻƻĺ꣬Ҳӡ֤˸ղĻӲӥǳԿ
ȻƫƧҲû˵ôأδ˵ȱԴ鷢
𲻻ű֮ɫ콣ϣĸԸóųٳٲȱԴǾһûʵĽڡ
ô˼Ϊһ콣ңô˼Ҫ
콣֣Ȼ˼ȡվǰ¶֮ɫ
һöԪ鵤㹻ָ񣬲ҪٷϻˣϽɣ
һˮӻóһöָӵ˻콣УԼһóһöԪ鵤ȻǴֱʡ
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Ȼô˵콣ûͻ˼һˮøƽϣϣϽˡ
ȻϣǾˣҲӦõõġ
һˮ·ȥڳط콣
Ȼִˣǻĳ͹ˣ
콣ʹİѽָһˮ˰֣û˵
Ҷ֣ҿüͷѵʲô𣿡
Ҫܶʱ䣬Ҷ㼸߽һ棬飬Ҷüͷ𲻻ʵ
ҵʦİΣ˺üûϢʲôΣˣ
ҶԼĵ˵˳
˶Ĭˣ÷ҶŮˣǶ֪Ȼϣ÷ʲô̡
ǳȥҿɣһʱ䣡
ʱϣȥҡ
Լȥˣһʱ֮Ҳһ󷨱ƣ뿪Ҫң
Ҷ㳯˵ԼȥѰҡ
Уһ̫Σˣһȥɡ
վҪҶһȥѰҡ
Ҷ֣ʦһȥɣһʲôҲиӦһôչͨѶʱϵ
𲻻˼һҶо֮һֱűĻᣬȻҪҶһѡ
ðɣߣ
Ҷ˴ӵ߳ȥѰ÷
Ҷʦ֣Ÿʦ㹵ͨ𣿡
˳֮㳯Ҷʵ
ԹˣͨѶûκλӦ
Ҷӿ˽Ų磬ʧڽȺ档
ĲʮֿտҶҲûʲôĿֻ꣬ĿĵѰңֵ߳ĽЩĲˣýĶˣķǳ١
Ҷʦ֣˵ûпʦ㱻ʲôطܴ
һ߸·һ߷
пܣʮֹ죬ܶطʶҲôλͨѶʧ飡
Ҷ㵹ϣ÷ûʲôΣա
ʦ㼪࣬Ҷʦ־ͲҪˣһҵġ
㰲οһ䡣


311 
Ҷ֮⣬ɽȣʱ˱УɽΧʮվһ͹ľʯϣɽĵŮ¶֮ɫ
Ϊƾ󷨾һ𣿵ǵ󷨣ںúõĥǡ
һɽŮ
İɣҲ
Էٿ󷨣ΰκλᡣ
һһʦͻΧǶץᣬȥҪҶغϣ
޺г³ɫâɫڳһ˿ݣκ飬޺۴һȻӣһοһ˿仯
УǲҪһ
ѩҧ㴽սгޣҲԸߡ
ʦ˵ûҪһǾԲṶ͵
÷һȦתʱ׼ӭս
ܱȶĺãʱ˭Ǳ𡣡
ԷȳһейٱʷĹâܰڷߵŻʱѾȥ
ҪӳȥΪƾ˾ǴֻҪһУȫˣ
һ۵վ赸޺۵ϷŰ
˴ģȻػȥҲǰ취󷨳綼ᱻƵֲ߲˶á
磬ǻԥʲôϽɱǣЩ˶ҶѣɱǣҲһЩϢ
Ӳе㲻ͷˣѾȥһʱ䣬ŻеȲˡ
վһȥҪ󣡡
ŭһܲãڵʵԷ󷨣Ȼôõʱ䣬Ѿӡ
Ӳʮ磬æ˵һԣ񶾵ĵ޺ˡ
¡
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Էֹ޺ۣͻΧҲҪĶԷپȵƵһ̣ѰһᣬӳȥļʴϺܶࡣ
੡
ͻȻһЦŲŻȥ
󷨺ܲľķչ侳һûа취Ƴ󷨡
˵ʵϴδ֮Է߲˸죬ҶٴҲ׵Ƶ

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ѩͬ÷֪ܱȵá
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ȵǺˮһ㣬㽫ˣҶڽɽȵһ̣ÿһĻȫɱ޼ɵͷţ·𱻵ȼԭʼķŭ޷ƽϢֻѪϴˢҶŭ档
Ҷ㣬ڳˣ
ջȭҶϣһνþĿľҶ㣬ڼˣһ˿
ûҳˣҶĳ˵ôǹˣҪ˶ѡ
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Сӣ㲻ҪװͿҶǲɱġ
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Ҷ㷢֮Է˿ȥǲûյʲô˺˵ͷʾο
㻹ҽƱ磬ҶɱΪҹȥ׷ɱ㣬ΪαĪɱһվɱǹҵĳϡ
ŭһΪ׷ɱҶ㣬һɱ֣һϣһβɱҶ㣬»ȥ׶ĹԼڽʱ򣬹ӿ˾״


312 ƴ
Ҷ¶ɻ֮ɫ׷ɱԼҶʲôȫ֪
ѵǴΣҶ㰵
ҶļǵãϴԼǰǵʱǷе㲻ԾоԼ˸٣ʱ̽üΣΪʲôǿǡ·ҲԼͬС
ȵ˳ָ֮оʧˣԺҶ㲢δӵӲѡ
֮λ޴ǣѵǹˣҪҶĳͷϣֱЦ֮
Ҷ¶֮ɫҶ֪Ҳϣο֪顣
㲻ҲûϵУɲ㲻˵ҽץסڳ꣬һȻ֪
϶˽ҶһԼУƣʱֵ׼
һӽҶΧҳֻ֣ϣӸϽ֣Ҷ¡
˵˭ᣬҵҪǹкǿ֮
Ҷ㻹һνӣʾһҶ˼޺ۼȥ
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ҶЦһԹӵȭͷ޶ãһҲһȭӷȥ
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ԣӣֽ֪ߵغ֪Сɱ֪ǹҵǿ󡣡
Щҵӿʼͣӵʵǿʵʵ侳ڣҶ㲻侳ü硣
ܵĽɫƽղһȭ̽ȭͷӴҶԪʱ򣬷Լǵ͹ǵ͹̫̫࣬ϳ֮ɫ
Ϊȫ֪ҶӵмԪǱ˾űǿͬĺüвĹֶΣ侳ҲҪ˱ᡣ
õȪ죬Ҷ嵽һ㣬ҪѰҿռƬȡռƣʱħű书õһ졣
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ܺãɱ㣬ҾӶϵһУ֪ǿܡ
ӼҶǿ֮ģ˵ǿɶһԺĪĺô
Ҫ̫ܵˣҲҵĸ㣬ҪɱҪͱҷˣҲҪ׼
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ע֮£Ҷһȭ˴֮ϣһ𻨣һȻзȥҶֱϳһɫſץٴγȥ
˴۾û뵽޷˺Ҷ㣬ʲôģ޷ƿɳȥ˵Щ˲⣬޺۶¶ЦҶĳɳѾ׷ϡ
ԼҶɣҲǳִ֮ɫָһӡʼٿشһѹҶȻϮȻ͵Ϯս
ССһвң
ҶһЦзɳһ⣬Ҳ˳ȥ
罣
Ҷ㲻ԸĽ֣罣ָ֣һҲǸַ֣罣ವһ˳ȥΪһĨǿ⡣
Ʒ
ӷ֮Լһͼռϣһöû뵽ҶóƷҪȳǿʮ

ƺԸô罣ԶԿһײϣԿһǴ󣬵תǹͷҶϮ
ڤ粻飬ɫƣΪҵƷǴײˡ
ֳԼҶֱһУ罣͸ռ䣬ݺݵĳײ˹ȥ
ϣ
һҵײ֣ռһ޴ѷ죬ײ˿ռѣ˭Ҳ嵽׷ʲôֻڵĶڷ˳Ե˷ȥ
罣صҶУĸһ£ּ罣˿Ȼ⻬羵
Ҳص˹ӵУͷȥ
ȻҵĴ󣡡
ӷһԺҪʱԴ޸ҪһöҪѡ
ЦѶֻңͲ׼ҷˡ
Ҷ㳰һ䣬𼲷罣ڷϣҶʤһѾҶ㣬ڷˣӻʲôֶΡ
ܺãҪˡ
ٴγһʩչ似ҶһۣƴҶ֣սƴһΨһָֻ似ˡ
Һڴ
ҶһƣȻԼˣҶѾûбҪ֣ڵ˵һ̣Ҷͷģҵһɱһһ˫ɱһԡ
һƷͲһܽһɶõѾԼıˡ
Ǽ䣬̴ռ䣬Ҷ㲱Ӻйʽʮֶ񶾡
似Ҿͳģ
ɱ֣һҶϾѣһ趯һȵϢ֣һͷԶžѣצӵĳץȥ
ɱ𽥾ѣֻҪҶҵĲϣɱƳɷʱֵֹһ
ԾϮгһʮϧĶҶ㣬似½ҲҲһ߱ʽҪµ似ҶҲƤëеƤë
δʩչǿʽҶ㽫߱ʽ𿪣˶似ӽɼ似ȻҪʽС٣ҪһĶ似ǿ
ɣüʶһҵ似ˣ
Ҷһŭȣɱݺն£ն˹ӵĳϡ


313 
ޱȷâն£ɱһǰ̬ƣκη궼޷赲ɱĽŲҶһ֣
ڣһѿ±ڷ֮޷ɱ֮⣬ȵս˺ѿռ䣬һУɿ硣
ƣ
Ҷٴһɱ£޻ʽΨɱʵ޻似У֮
ղŻޱȱĽɱѹ£Ȼè˺һ㣬˲ήȥǰǶôСֱСĿ
ӵϳ˶֮ɫ⣬ȫ⣬Ҷ似ΪǿǹȻȲĴֻǵ̶ѣ似˿ΪΣΪΣҶʩչ似Ҫǿٱֹ
ݺᣬʼɱһУ޾Ľ⴩͸ռ䣬ǽһ㣬ɱ
ϣ
ռ֮зһܼײÿһײᱻĴݲУɱȻ׹֮ƣ֮⣬֮Ҷǰеľ衣
꣡
һĶ֣һбɱնϡ
ӵĳǼƷɱһҲǾƷɱҶϹ죬ޱȣҪǿϺü
һٴϯɰݡ
ܹۿЩ˿ĿϾӣ˵ս޺۸Էȫ˵սǵ̫ˣԼܿͻƵ
˶ǾţԼӵ㲦ܶ࣬ҶӵսջķᣬǰĵطȻʣҲıǵսסˡ
ٴξҶ¶Цɱһöһ貹â
ͣ
ռһѷ죬ɱ涼ܹҪתһתٴ£仯С
⽣
Ӵһг缫⣬Ĳ˼飬ڿֽһ֣ҪȹڤĽҪ죬ӵĽĿ콣
似Ψ첻ƣͬ似˭ٶռƣսƽͻƫһߣӿóѹ׵ľ
ȿǾͱһȣ
Ҷ¶ϷŰ֮ɫҶΪҶ似ǿ˿֪ҶٶϲκһˣӰΪ߱ʽ󣬶ٶȵҪǳϸ
Ҫʩչ߱ʽٶȱһɣÿһҪǳϸ
ǿ󣬾ͻᱻѣ񣬾ͻ⵽ɣٶȲ죬޷γǿĹƣ߱ʽľڡ
⽣Կ죬Ĳ˼飬ҶоԼݽ֮У޾ĽĻ
ҿ
ɱһ䣬һǿ⣬գնѹȥޱȶĿĹâҶʧԭء
ļ⽣죬ҶҲһתƣ˽Ļİøɱڳᣬһնһӡ¡
ýˣ
ҶսӵʵȻǿǾԲֶ侳Ҳĩȡ
κξ綼ŵȣڣҶҲֻķݣҲսƽ֣ŵȾսʤ
ŵȣ似ҲŵȣҲһҲһ
䣡
˲ѣһ޴ļӼ˴ƿ޴ѿڳ죬ҶͻȻ
ʽ
һ֣ʱץסͻݼţҶ㲻Էκλᡣ
ֲǵأεסӵ壬岻ܶ·𿴵
ܣ
ӳŭ䣬ڿеתγһĻһ㣬ҪֵҶһ
ɽȱһգһƬ꣬޺۵ѾһߣʱȫЩҲ˵һߣγңң֮ơ
мҶڳһ޴ԣ˷ϵĳ䡣
ն
Ҷ˺ѿ͸ǿɱŭնᴩ񷣬·ңԶǼʵִЯ֮
꣡
ѣ޷ֵҶĽŲ

һȣӡٴκ£ѷʧɱ⣬⼫ܾȻֵҶһ
ʽ
Ҷɫ䣬ɱһöڶʽٴϮ
ϳ˾֮ɫҶһʽҪһʽǿ󣬶оԼԪڼģȥ㲻ԷƿԼԪҲĵһɶ
¶֮ɫƺʶ鲻Լô򵥣ҶʵҪ洫ĻҪֲ˵ӣԪҪһ侳ڻҪ似ǵ侳ͻۺ졣
һǿ⣬ʽ£ƻʵޱȣ͸ӣ˲ִʣ֮ϡ
ǣ
δ£һѾѹܣһ˿˿Ѻ۳֣ɱԽԽɫҰףԪڼʧ֮£óԪ鵤¡
䣡
գۼĹɱ£һθǿ񱩣·һͷˮޣſ޴ŭҧ˹ȥ
꣡
һ˺ҧֱ˺ƿʼײӣҡΣʱܱҶû˺ѡ
ƴˣ
ɫԪʧͳͳע볤֮Уղŵѷ𽥱С
뷴㻹ûʸ񣡡
ɱͻȻŸȻղҶҲĸԪѹĹ޷̧ͷھŸﲪֲǺһ㣬ӵ
ãӸоԼѹͻȻӴʶ˲
ô£ôãΪԪûκģͻȻʢ
Ӳ⣬Ԫĵʮأ˵ҶҲģҶ㲻ûģԪǿ

õ˾Ÿ֧֣ɱһһצ֣ץȥ

һ˺֣ܱ˺Ҳ޷ϣצһ裬һŤڣβһɨЩĻڷǵһѿ
ӲǵսľԼʵΪξ߳Ҷ࣬ȴҶѹŽ
ģ
ѣ˲ѣצûͣЪһֻצӵǰȥʵп
ҲԪΣҶγһͷɫʵһ޷ΪԪ޷Ϊ̡
Ӵצʮ֮ҪһԪγɣҪǿĻܲٿء
䣡
צĹ֮£һ䣬ԽΪˣһڽϣ弱ٳȥϳһ޴ӡ
ѣΪԪصҶ棬Ҷ建£ңңԣмһӡ
㲻ҵĶ֣ʧˣ
Ҷ¶м֮ɫɱСâɢصҶС
Сӣ㲻Ҫ⣬ȻҲ㣬ǹҾԲŹ㡣
ӷһĵҪɱҶ㣬ȴû뵽Ҷѹ
Ժ飬ɱɣ
ԺҶ㲻ȥ룬ɱǰĹ˵
ܣԲˣһ
ҶٴϮӴһһöģʧԭء
ݿշ
ӵʧҶ


314 
ӵӰӻʧȫô뿪ģҶǶݿշԼҲһö͸Լġ
磬㲻Ҫ߰ô죡
ӲͻȻڵϣˣǸô찡
޺ۼ˷Ӧܿ죬һʱ佫Ӳ˰Χ˹ӣǾʧȥϻ޺۵˺ܿ콫Ʒ
ǰԲô콫ʮƷҪӣǴ̫ʧȥսȫá
ҶʦܣЩô
Է糯Ҷ˹ҪһҶ
ɱˣ
Ҷ˰֣ȻҲŹԼҶҲûбҪ顣
㲻ҪɱңҿǹӣҪɱңҸײŹģֻҪܷŹңҿΪȥ飬Ҹ׷Ź㣬Ҳ鷳
ӲҶģ˶¶֮ɫղҶ֣ǶڹӵУʱӲģ¶м֮ɫ
ȫɱ
Ҷı̬ȣȻĹ˹ӲԷҲûʣֻҪҶģǶ֧֡
ǰǶŵӶڣڱ֮ѾǱĬĸı䣬ǶʼҶ㡣

ʮҽУ˹Ӳ֮⣬˶ɱŮ¶֮ɫղŵ飬һ߿ӡ
ʮʬ壬ӲŵȫսսĹԭء
վ
ҶߵӲǰһȣŵùӲһƨϡ
㡭㲻Ҫɱҡ
Ӳ֮
վ
Ҷظһ䡣
ź֮ɫӲվҶ㣬ͷɫ԰ףҲ侳ڣ綼Ҷ֣֣Ҷһָͷɱ
ң
Ҷһ޷ܣӲ̧ͷҶ㡣
˲֪ҶҪʲôʮֺ档
ͣ
һ۵Ľ֣ӲĻ꺣棬ӿʼѿ֦ɢҶıӲ
μˣ
ӲϺ֮ɫʧȡ֮һϵı飬˿Ҷǿһһ㡣
ҹɣ
ҶһɨӲɨ˳ȥ
̫ˣҶʦֶܺΣȻӲ
Է߹ʮֺ档
ȿȣϣҶܱܣҪй¶ȥӲһô
Ҷɿȼϣܣʱϣй¶ȥȵʵȫɳҲҪˡ
İɣǲй¶˭й¶ԷһŹ
˵Է¶ɫ˿ӡ
İɣҶʦܶо֪֮ô
ڳǴˣǵȻ֪Щ˵Щ˵ĵ
ˣˣҲҪڶƵͨҪƿˣǸϽǰȥ
Ҷʮַģ÷˵ˣѩ֮Ҳı˺ܶࡣ
Է޺۲˵ˣҶо֮Ȼ˵ȥҶŵǵʩչ֮
˵꣬һм˳ɽȣȺٸȥȻĵڣǵȻҲö˭õ
һ·ʮɣѰʱʱ䣬ٴνУִ˳ͨķӿ롣
һƫƧɽԵһӰ֣ϾǱ֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬ҪȻұƵϣҲʰΪڣĶ֣
ӷĺУһλþ֮УûɱҶ㲻˵˷һöݿշص壬ô׽
УһҪ취ɱȻȥһܸ׵ĳͷ
ɫޱһҲȺȥȽ˵Ҳܻʲôпͻ侳ʱɱҶһֱһ
Ѿд˽ˣ
Ҷص֮Уֽ𲻻лĺδȥһֱȺȻкöҲȲҶҪһҶ߿һۡ
Ҳȥɣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬һ𳯵ڸȥִѽ룬ֻȼ˲Ÿϵ
ͨ·һ½ͨȫһ͵ʰҲգۼĹܾͻȻһ䣬ʮ˳һƬĲݵϡ
ףкöޣ
֪˭һɣܶܣЩûйһЩСޡ
ǿ쿴кöĽ
÷ָָǰԶĽмǧ֮ңҪѧԺҪӴ
Ȼûĵڣ
𲻻֮ɫһЩżصĲδⵤھ档
߰ɣԥʲô
Ҷ¶֮ɫҶ㲻ٳɴһ𳯽ٸȥ
ǧ˽뵤ڣҲһˮýУܿ춼ɢˣӰƶ
ǲҪ롣
𲻻ʱٴ˵

ұʾͬΧУҲһЩ
֪ڵϹҩ԰Ҫȥҩ԰ô
𲻻ͻȻͣסŲҲֻһͣ£𲻻ҵ
ô
Ҷ㳯˿һۣ֪ҩ԰ã벻öߣҩ˭Ӷࡣ
ǲȥҩ԰ܲժҩȥҪȡʲôУ
ѩΪ۵Ĵʦ㣬ҩжӣܻúܶҩȥƳĵҩƳĵҩһͬȥҩ԰
û
ʾ
Ҳû
޺۸Էͬʱ˵
ңȻǶˣһȥǣ
ҽҶ㿴ûʲôȷĿ꣬ȥҩ԰Ҳһѡ
ǺãҸҩ԰λڵҲɽûж֪Ϊζ赲֪϶ܿ
𲻻չżϵļأҳҲȥһ·ϵҲӰǴҴҶҶѰϣҵ
ԽҲƶӰԽԽ٣𲻻²û߼㡣
ע⣬ǰҸоԾ
ҶͻȻסңһҶʵǿ˵⣬û˸һɡ
Ҷ㣬ǰѵʲôв𣿡
𲻻ȫ·ߣӦóҶʵ
ңȹȥ
ҶҲȷȫԼȥ鿴һȷǷΣգھǰ
Ҹһȥ
÷ҪҶһȥ
ˣһԣ໥иӦ
Ҷ㰲һ䣬ҲûҶ㶼ܸ㶨ȥҲǶ࣬Զԭء
һ䣬һȥҶΣһ㳯ǰ
࣬࡭
Ҷǰ洫๾ڵĿˮ
ٴǰƯ˼ʮףǰһڰһƬЩ๾Ǵ洫һɫ֡
󣡡
Ҷ㷢һʮټֽܷһ֮սȥ˲һѿݹǡ


315 Դ
Ҷվһ֮ϣǰ¶֮ɫ
ʮ࿿һ֮ͻḯʴ壬бܶ޷ȣʮܴﵽ侳ֲǿֵ
һγɣҪ£Ҫܶ޵ʬǣʬ壬ֶγɡ
һγ֮󣬾ͻɢֶΪζһ룬ҲʮģȻãҲʴڸ
Ҷüͷ΢ûаտ˵ˣȻܿ˭ұ֤һЩζ
ٳɣҶתظϣʮ֮Ҷصԭأ˿Ҷ㰲ȫΧ˹
Ҷ֣ǰǲʲôΣգ
𲻻ͷʵ
Ҷ㽫Լղһ飬˶һʮа˭գһ
ôģУǾͷҩĸҪ˭
Է绹еսıȽϴ󣬵Ϊ˴ҵİΣϣһ˵
˭Ҳû˵ҩջǺܴģرǵѾû˼ǧ꣬ҩ԰ҩٶмǧĳɷˣ켶ҩܣǧ֮켶ҩ̷һöпֱӿһ磬ջ
ҼǵùżйأﶼˣȻγΧһҲп֮ıֻҪҵ֮ıܰȫĶȹ󣡡
𲻻˼һ£ʱ򻺻˵
ûҲ˵仰ˣֻҪжĵطҩ
ѩʾͬҲ˵⡣
Ǻãȹȥܲҵ֮Ķҵˣ취ȹȥҲֱӳ룬ٶ˵ô
ҶվʼңϾʵߣ˶ʼҶ㣬޺ۻȽ٣Ҳ֮ܿ⣬ĺ£˭Ҳ
Ҷ˵ȥ죬ûнⶾ֮Ķ뿪٣
˱ʾͬһ˷ٶȣǰǰһ·ϸѰңܲҵ֮Ķ
һյ֮󣬴һǰ治Զʮɵľ룬ǰױ֮ʴ
а׳̣УҲǿȥǰм䲻κ顣
һİݴðɢ֮ŮűӣǱȽϰɾԸ⿿վԶԶġ
Ҷ֣ЩݽиʴǣЩɫǴ淢ģǲʮɻΪܻľܴ
𲻻ߵҶǰҶ㻺˵
ûȻֲΪ޷
ղʱҶͷ⡣
㱻ԻˣЩֲѱ֮ͬǸҽӴǰЩֲһᱻζȾϸϸȥܿζ
𲻻ΪҶ͡
Ŷ
Ҷʶǰ̽Ȼڿ֮вдһֵʣһɫƯӦþζ֮һ
ҷͷһ£̤ʮɷԲסɴںصֲҲǿ֮ı
𲻻ʱ˵һҿʼֿĴѰҡ
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࣬ʱ򷢳һͬһʱ䶼ӹȥ˳ָ˹ȥ
ûֻҪ̷ȥ֮ܶ壬Ǿܰȫȹ
𲻻һмһ˷ܵ˵
ϧûκ˷֮ɫ¶֮ɫ𲻻ܿҲʶ⡣
мһСƬ½أƬ½ֻһƽССĵطһһ׶ߵСӣ⡣
Դ֮Ŀǣ֮γɣҲ֮ܵһţศɡ
𲻻Ϊҽ͡
ôõм䣬ǿпȥһʴδժͻᱻ֮ˡ
˵룬ǿȥժȡҪһŪ˻δͱ֮ʴ
˶Ĭˣ˭Ҳðա
԰ɣȻܷ
Ҷվ˳ԡ
Ҷ粻ɣ֮ʮаһ룬Ǵɶ޷Ȼ
÷סҶ㣬ԸҶա
԰Ҷ֣Ƿɣ
𲻻ʱˣ
İɣҸղżһ£ﵽм򣬴Ҫʮʱ䣬ϲժӣҪʮϢʮϢ֮ڱ٣ԼȫëףӦкܴĻժԴ
Ҷղڼ㣬ʮʱӦֹܼ
ûжҶ٣ëҲܺڲͬȫë׶Ҫϣһ֮ͻ⵽ʴ
ǲУۼ㣬һʲôΣգ͵òʧҲô
ԷҲֹҶ㣬ϣҶðգҩãҲҪȥá
ǲҪȰˣѾû߳ɰգҲô˵
Ҷղֻǹ㣬Լʱأͻ
Ҷ֣أҶ̾Ϣһ֪Ҷһڸı䣬ֻܳĬ
Ҷʦ֣һűܶƵģȻܻ֮Ҳֵܵ㺬Уһжʴ̷ȥ
ѩ߹óһöīɫĵҩҶС
ĵ
˶ϳˣöҩܽ򶾣õȥҲһ鵤ѩ˵óóˣҲϣҶ¡
ôصĵҩ㻹ŰɣҲµġ
Ҷû£ѩ᲻óãöҩűõģײóһöĵҪҩҳɵʷǳĵ͡
žţȣöҩֱһĲֵ
ѩǿҶУҶܾĻᡣ
ҾͶлʦˣ
Ȼѩִ⽫ĵԼҶҲܹһ⣬ĵҶҲһαĻᡣ
˵һߣʲô⣬ȥǧҪӪҡ
Ҷޱ֣ص˵
Ҷ硭
÷еʣһȦˣҪ˵ʲô÷Ҷߣֹס˽Ų
İɣҲµģ
Ҷ÷磬ο˵
һҪСģǧҪǿУǾ뿪ʲôҩǶҪ
÷ʲôûҶ
ˣ˺󣡡
Ҷƿ÷ϳһƮϢҶʩչʹ֮еٶȽҲΪ˽ʡԪӦͻ顣
ͣ
Ҷ㵯һԽ׵ĳӭչһĴȥ
˳÷ɫûκα仯֮⣬˶û뵽Ҷϻܡ
ʹ֮ϼ͸һɿ֮Ҳʱ䣬Ҷɹʮɾ룬Ҫӽ


316 ˮ
ҶԼٶȿһ䣬Ư֮ϣЩɫͻȻһðɫ忪ʼڣȼյĿˮ
Сκδ⣬ҶеٶȿУҲмƬԽԽվڰߵЩĶɤϣΪҶһѺ
ڴʱһ޴ӰӴ˳ſ޴ҶͻȻҧȥ
ã
һȵ֣ҶڷУоȻʧȥȥһá
Ȼ֮䣡
һ˶Դ֣̽ſ޿ڣȳ֮˱ǶǿҪҶС
ʹ֮ҷɣ
ԭҶһֱûʩչԪʱͻԪ˲עʹ֮֮УõԪ֧֣ʹ֮·õ˻ѣһҶͻȻϿգղŵС
ߵļͬʱһһֻ޴ԴƯ棬һɹɹȳ֮
ˮޣ
ҶڿԴȫòǶˮޣֻɽˮ֮в档
֮˵Ƕҩ֮Ƕڶˮ˵ȻϣЩ֮ǿٵĳɳ
Ҷ㣬˻ˣҪˣ
ʱԷͻȻϣҶϽ룬жˮ·ҶҪмժȡԴϼѡ
ÿһ˶¶֮ɫˮʮӴм䣬ҶûлȥʱƣҶ㲻ʮ֮ɣ֮ͻ塣
ԷҶˣûᣬɱУһöˮ޵ԴŭȥҪѰһ˿ʱԣժԴ
ԴԴְˮޣศɣԴ͸֮󣬱ˮ̷ȥܰˮ޽п뿪󣬵Ҷ㿿Դʱ򣬶ˮ޳ˣֹҶժ
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ն£ǸղŵĵطһѪҶƿˮ޵ķǲδɱ
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ڴʱҶץ˻ᡣ


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Ҳһʱ䣬ʧȥãΪ£ҶѾмʮ֮ң׷ȥѾˡ
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Ҷļ޾ʮϢʱ䣬ڵˣоȫëײԾſһɸʴ֮˳Ҷë׳롣
ĵͿˣ
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Ҳûн飬ʧԭأŮ뿪һ֮ҶҲˣʹ֮ſʱǰ棬ʱں档
Ѽʮʱ䣬׾󱻼ˤ󣬵ڶ԰ʱֶȹٵĸоһʵֲ̫Դ˭Ҳ롣

ҶҲ£ʹ֮һζˮûг֣Ƹղ⵽ˣҳˡ
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һ·ӣһûκһʱ䣬˿һƬҩ԰ǧ״Сһҩҩ԰
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ҩҲֵȼΪͨҩ쵤ҩ쵤ͨ켶ҩϾƷҩƷҩƷҩһöƷҩ侳ûκ侳ܳһöôĺ䶯


318 ʸ֮
ʦ½ǳĳ㣬һʦָѧԺҶҲһʦֻеۼλпܡ
ĵʮҲֻƷҩƷ㲻ϣڽƷҩݻûгֹƷҩֻڴ˵
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ҩͬȻܰǵԶֹˣһöñ˿ٻָһö侳侳ЩҩǶԪ鵤޷ġ
ܹ鵽ףֵҩвͬã鵤ѾԪ鵤ȡҶÿͻƶҪһԪԺҪԪ鵤ĵҩҲȱ٣ĳ־ƿҩȫԽ
ֻһֿܣ򲻵ѣҶԲʹõҩԼͻƣҪȵҩȻܶ࣬ͬ⾳֮
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зɫĹΣҩۼγɵУ˼£ͻγУ㷽Բʮ֮⣬ܿһ
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ͻȻľٶܵʵ˺ܶ࣬ۼԽԽ࣬תۼ;ۼˣǱġ
ҩ԰кü·ֻ·Ҷ㼸˲ŵһʱȵǷֵʱ򣬴ڽѾһʱҶ㼸Ͳժˡ
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Ҷһ죬һӾȻܿƣҶ˹ָð˳ֱӲ壬ʱ䣬ֻʣһƤ
ղӽеҶˡ


319 ȡ
ҶľٶڳˣҲ⣬һҶϣӳֵһһֱӣҶһĽɫ
رǸղţҶ֮ƣɱһˣ˲пķʽһЩС߲һҶԶ㣬ղһˡ
ЩҩǷֵģУ˭ڶ˵һ䣬Ǵۣ
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Ҷ㣬ʱӹһ٣ˣȻ˳ˣǹƱɲҩȻ뿪
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һ䣬һĨǣһƳҶйƷ磬˺ѵЩʣҩһѣΪ촷ɢڿС
ԹһƣҶֻгֱһƣһɺˮҶֱϷһͷŭ
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ڿзһȦǿǿ£ؿһڣһѪԼұ۾Ȼ̧ˡ
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ѧԺҶնˣЩ˼Ҷ޲Ƶߣ֣Ψһֻʣ¹Ʊˡ
ԤĶûƱ˹Ȼˣ֮סҶ㣬ڶȡϵҩϧ̴ˣҶʵʵģҲҶһȭɡ
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˸ղŵӣһδҼɵˣûٸ׳ԣɫ׵Ŀã侳ڶ侳ȥܱɻҡ


321 Ŵ
ȫĬûһ˵Ŀգһӱңɼ
ȥʱֻһ죬˿ʼϥ£ĿŨʺ˽֮ƣڱΪһЩԴ֣ʱÿԺúóһ¡
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ҶԭΪ̤ŵȴû뵽ŵç޾ͽܽɫҰףʯϴľ·Ψһܴ͸ʱ䣬͸


322 
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ӵȻҶΪͽƺ͸һɰʧڵľ񴫳нʧ


323 ô
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ӾȻҪΪͽҪ
лǰĺ⣬εºܣܴǰ²
û֮ǰҶ㲻״Ӧôõô׵Լϡ
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ǧǰţһڣ˲乥ݣеһ⣬浤ҲһԼӡ֮Уֻһ
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Ҷ㶮ãȻһ˵һĸ߶ȣȻϣԼĴһֱȥñȷһȢһִУʦڣҲһִУն̻ˣҲһִС
ѪУʦǶҵУ̻֪ʶС
ϣ̳ҵ²֮󣬽֮Ҳܹ⸴ڣֻϣԺڣҺúõĳһֻҪи㡣
˵棬ޱ䡣
ǰ˵Цˣʵ΢ĿҲȥ
ڽǧĵڶˣԼǰȥ˼ɸӾܰԼˡ
ֻ˵пܣҸղŹۿһʣһ㽫ĳɾ;ԱҸߣ˵ЩҲ޹ʷʸ
磬۹⵱ȻһҶԼ֪кصĵط
ԴӦ㣬ǲұ֤Ͼﶼ
ҶһһŵҲһӶڣӦҲʧʲô
һԵɣĶ㾡ȥﶼлأֻҪö١
ͻȻóĺʮ˸С
Ҷû˵ϥԭأܶãҶеġ
ʱ䲻ˣ˫ۣڿʼУ
ӳĬ˼֮Ҷ˫ۡ
Ҷ񣬱˫ۣ֪ӲẦҪڽһ̾ͿˣǿȫɱҶ㡣
һӿݹֱ֮ҶüģһЩӵԼͼƬҶԡ

ҶоԼԴҪըˣЩָͼƬǺˮһϳҶĻ꺣ҺҶʶǿͨˣһӽôĶܻű
˵Ҳģͻᱻű߰׳գ
ɫĹâûͣЪ˼ǲϵӿ룬ҶĻ꺣ﵽһ㣬룬Ҫű
Ǻܿ죬Щɫֿʼѹıһ״ƯҶĻ꺣棬Ҷʶ̽Ȼֻƿǰ漸ҳ޷壬ʮģ

һƽɫ뵽Ȿ֮УҶ꺣һ磬ڽˣղʹĸоʧ
ûżЩɫ֣Ҷ㳯ݹǿ˹ȥֿݹķ򰵵ࡣ
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Ҷ㺰һ䡣

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ǰôˣ
ҶæʵоӵϢʧ
һ֪أܸ𣿡
ӴҶڣûʹҶʲôҲûʹҶδֱӽ͸Ҷ㣬һֻƾԵ֣жϣΪиоԼôԲ
Ҷ㣡
Ҷ㹧Ļش
ҿ첻ˣղŸʹУʮʱҾҪȫʧӴԺҲûеڵĴڣҪΪ֮󡣡
ԽԽҶ㶼塣
һ󣡡
һҶ㲻ӦУǷģһˣҶֻоηֻ𾴣ǿߵ𾴡
ܺãܺãҺο
˥ȥݹǵԴͻȻһᣬȫĹȫʧһͨĹǼܣҪСͨĹǼܣҶҲ޷ǼƿӲ̶ȿԪ
˼ݹǺ޻ƵӺľӴʧؼ䡣
ǰһṼǰһ⣬ȥ
ҶϣǷԷθ֮ԡ
վӣҶ㹧İݣʦ֮Ȼûͽ֮£ҶѾѵӵһλ
Ҷ㳯Щȥһ澭⴦õֻƳ󷨲õ
ûκԥһνþԺҲûлˣ߶١
ʶ룬ҶѡһڷһһףһǷҵȼ͡
о˰죬ҶȻûʲôͷð亹ȥʱԽԽֻ̣аʱ䣬Ҷûжõʱˡ
Ӳǲˣ
ҶԻȥǿӲֶΣǿȥ
䣡
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ñǰɽҶһ㽫ɽŲԼļ
飡
ҶһʩչüȭǰĲڳһЩɶһЩطѺۡ
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Ҷȭͷٴֲƺݺݵڲϣһ
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һ㲣һ㣬һѿҲ˲䣬ȫʧƱҶǿȥ


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ҶȭͷǱһڲϣϰȭ
꣡
һˣǰĲӦ飬Ҷǰ
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нܣÿһ涼ɢŨķ֮׼и߼м߼֮䣬ֻһ߾ܽ߼
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Ҷ㳯һܣ濴ȥڷŴʯҶ㻹Ʒʯ
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ʮöʯڷ棬һɨƷʯƷʯͳͳҶȡ
ʱһһйȥҶзӶᡣ
ʯҩиϡвϵȵȣ
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ҶߵܣһöȭͷСʯͷɢʹ⻪ԡ
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Ҷ˫۶ð⣬֮ʯҪЩʯˡ
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飡
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飡
ŻضԪ鵤мʮöҶˡ
һֻʮʱ䣬Ҷһܡ
ʮöԪ鵤Ҷߣζĸء

ڷŴϡнѲϣҶ㵱ȻŹɱٳٲܽȱٲϣܵõЩϣǳ顣
ռһ˿˿ѷ죬ʱܽҶߣǿס壬ʮȥҶ򿪲ƣϰֵϡԴߣкн֮ʯغ֮Ҷù٣кܶϡ
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ô죬Ҷ絽ڻûϢ
÷ʮֻֽҪռѷһǶҪ뿪þ
ż볹״򿪻мʮʱ䣬Ҷһᰲȫġ
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ȡЩ֮Ҷ㳯һȥڷһ«֪װʲôܽǰջҶȷ«װһǵҩ
ȭҶƿֳ«ȥڴʱӰˣӺ«Ʈûʵ壬ӰһֻʮС޳ˣһһŮཱུģɷǺÿ
˭ΪҪĶ
СкǰһǶ۵Ҷʵ
Ҷԭأȫ벻ôӺ«ðС
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Ҷ˼·תʮ֮죬֪ܿԷ˽ƷҩܿǣʱƣԽԽǿ
ʮϡ٣֣ܳƷҩѻΣǰŵҩѵ񼶵ҩ
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Ск̿Ҳ꣬Ҷݣ¶֮ɫһ
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似飬е飬γĵҩͨҩģȲ˵ⵤҩӵԡ
㡭ҪʲôȻҪǡ
۴ɰС޺ˣǵȻ֪ҩǸõģһҶȥֻܻΪһҺ¶֮ɫ
˵ģҶ㿴ôɰСޣĽǳȥֻŻŻǶѡ
ҩǸ˷õѵʲô⣡
ûǿҵ𶯣Ҷǻһߡ
㲻ܳǣ
СŮʱ˵ʮֺ˵ʱǻǳǳСѣǺÿ˵Ƥһ㣬Ө͸
Ŷ˵ԭ򣡡
Ҷ¶ζЦݣǿȡҶСͻȻߣʱ͵òʧˣСۣҶʶɨһ飬˾Ȼӵп֮壬ֻҪ뿪ռͿˡ
ǵʱ򣬼һ쾧֮ᣬǲܻΣЩڵǶôֻҪ㲻ǣǴӦ㣬㣬ҪƶٵҩԣαҪء
Ҷ㰵ľ쾧֮ʮ֮ᣬŮᣬÿһζʮȴ뵽֮С
СŮһȷʵҶ㣬Ȼõ˵ĴУϾҶһϲͨСԼγɡ
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ҵĻζôʼҡҶԽԽȣ۽Ƴһһܣڷһö쵰СĻʯ
ʲôΪҸоļ󣡡
ҶԾŲƣҶȻܸӦϢֻһֿܣ⻯ʯǿǿĲ˼顣
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꣡
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Ͽɽȣһִո߸߹ϣһµʱ䣬þ֮׶ΣһЩǿ߿ʼغڻþڣڸڶ

һ֣þڷ֮⣬һӰӴ汻ͳ
ӶӰԽԽ࣬ϿȿյأʼѰԼһԼŵķȥ
ѧԺλϣڴ֮ɫÿһνþֻܰȫųоųɻΪ洫ӡ
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Ԫһиռ䣬˺ХöĤʹ

ʱѧԺλϳˣԪϴһУһεֳ֣·ЩӱƵĳ
˵ƷڿγսҶ㿴ǾĶǣǵһ˽ۿ侳սȻҶ㿴侳սϧֻܿȫⲻ͸
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Ҷ˫Ŀˮֻƣֻһͨײа侳ķãԼһЩ似ı仯
ԪȺһɨ󲿷ֻп־壬߲⣬ֻҶһˣʮ峺·⣬һиԼ޹ϵһ㡣
ԣ
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Ҷ㶪һЩҩˣصԼĶ
Ҷ㣬˹ڻſţһ䣬ĸҶΪ֪Ҷ壬ֻϺôԲԿ


327 صС
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328 ҵŭ
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ǵֵҩҶ㻹д֪ĲǺܶ࣬һЩأֵҩܹͨǳ֮õǼӳ֣ԪһΡ
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컹ǲϣҶӰֵܵĸ顣


329 
һʱȥˣþ鿪ʼƽϢһνþĵʮ˳Ϊ洫ӡ
Щûͻ侳ĵӣȡһԴֻҪ䣬֮ڣ洫Ҳǰ϶顣
ҶԺ䣬Ҷ֮󣬾вǰ鿴εĽƵס޷롣
һˣΪλŶ
֪ҶŶһʱҶ㣬ҶڱչأûдصԼɽ壬
֮УҶŤһʱ䣬Ʒϴ赤δɢڲϸҶʣһ˿˿ӻɫʴҶ汻ų
һϴ裬Ҷ˿ЩţʱĲˡ
õ˼ƣΪҶ㻹ڵ侳ͳɹתԪԽҪϸˣҶԪ񣬿һ侳ûҶԪǿ
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330 ֮ʯ
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Ҷѡ˷򲻵ѣãʵҶҪԴÿֲݣһȫĴͻƹؿڣԴȥ
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ڱˣ
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ԭҶһͻ侳תһ룬ҶˣͻƵ侳۷岻ãҪһʱ䣬ϸϸһ¾磬һͻơ
ڵĻۣ˵ͻ侳ͻ侳۷嶼ȫпܣΪҶĻӽ侳ھƿ
о仰ԽԽԶҶҪۣԴԴϵĻۣÿһ綼Ҫһ飬ԺܻһΪƿ
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ˮﱻԪزϽҶ档
ǳɫĻԪأ֮󣬸о鷢΢øйһɿֲĻ֮Ҷϱ
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ſҶߵСӸܵŨҵĻ棬ŵһӴܵǽǴžֵҶ㣬¶֮ɫΪҶеС˻ֱۣ·ڸҶ㣬ɳҪҶ㻹ҪֲʮϧҶ֮ʯУδСӵĶ
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ǽڣһĴָС
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ҶһͺȣһɫĹ֣Լεıķ֮
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Ҳżͻ侳ǰ϶飬żˣΪ֮ƣ취װԼ
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˷֮Ҷ૵˵


331 
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Ҳ֪˭ģƼֱһױ׵֮ɣ
Ҷԥ޲ޱǿͬʱҲŷա

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ڶҶҲҪӴһЩɼ似ǣܶشԼԺĪĺô
ľȷʵҶ㣬Խ࣬Խ󣬷ǳսԣ׵֮Ҳһš
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ߣҶпһɱ֣ѹȾսʤҲΪڶ֣Ϳս˲䶴Էֱ꣬ɱ
ǰԷ̫࣬⵽ɣ򲻵ѣûԸʩչ
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332 
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333 
һֱ۴ϸ׵磬˲忪Ҷķ׷޷γвȻ֮׵֮ҶԼܿɫ
ɫ׵磬ףٵ֮ܣɫ׵磬侳ҪΨֱܼɫ׵ֻڴ˵궼ûгֹˡ
׵һɻ̬ƣҶ棬һϿȫƣ׵ûͣЪҶŸײȥ
ײʵҶ㽫ܳ޷֮ʹһΪʹϣһȣͰȪ֮У޸׵֮
ȻȪ⣬׹֮ܣ׵֮ȻôС
ʱҲ˼ȪˣȪӿ壬һ磬޸һ磬׵뵤ľԽԽмܳ׻Ҷϳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ҲҪ죡
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Ŷһֱͣ侳۷壬һö˲忪侳ڣһɻԪŶϳ


334 ȡҩ
һʱ˶ͻ˾磬رŶȫɢƿ侳ڡ
ŶСõ˼Ǳѣ츳ܺãԺĳɾҲǲ
һ֮÷ɢ߹˯÷ޣʾѣڵõĸ죬ʷ˱ʵı仯վԭأ·һӣʳ˼̻
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ԶԶԣһҶʦָˣʹһЩ鵤Ҳ͸մˣ
Ӻܿ췴Ӧˡ
һ·ۣҶչʹ֮úķһ˿һԪ÷ŶҶ㣬ҶȶСԪġ
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뿪Դ֮ȫţҶǴ߳ȥѷϢǳ٣ôҶš
һ֮ڿ˻ƳǵӰӣҶҲϿѾµļƳǴͨƳҪǰ˿ҲܼһЩطҲڻƳ֮С


335 Ҷɱ
ӿпȥҶҵĲȫƳǣµķչҶҽһοǰķչڡ
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Ҷ˵Ҷ̷ˣҶĻѯʵ׷ʲô顣
ȫˣŵȫκ¥һһʮ˵


336 ǿϮ
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ҶҪʲôʱȻѼ壡
Ҷ̷ȫû뵽ʱҶȻ˼塣


337 Χɱ
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ʣʮһҶ㣬ȫ⣬侳ȻһжֵסСӵʲô似

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һϣɱ
ԼЦݣӣôףѹִѧԺҪǳʮ侳Ҫһ侳򣬿еԼ
еڣʼʱֱʮһ֣Ҳˣ֮ǰǰ䷢ʱ򣬻ԼǧҪС
ʣ侳һŮҶΧ÷ɫأ׼֣Ҷ㴫Ҫ֣˼ɡ
ŶҲһҪ֣ҶֹЩʱвԼҶҲûеƣʮޣҶĵơ
԰ΧҶûκα鲨ɨһֱۣ׹˸һ˿˿׵֮֡
ɱ
һֲ֣ǵأ磬ҪݻһС
˽󣡡
ҶһҶս˲䣬ػѾһɫĹγ֣Ҷػ
Ҷǻһߣ޼ɵĳˣղŻ˼ͻȻ͵Ϯ壬ϾӾӶ࣬侳ǻǿвһ㡣
˺֮ǣҶԾɱ¾һʧԭأʹ֮Ҷٶȴﵽһ¡
Ҷһֱûгֵĺϳ֮ɫƾûаƿССҶңôػ󣬺ȫ⡣
似ڿнϢˣҪҶ㳹ûȻǾŵ侳˰֮侳ݲҶС
䣡
һεȭͷҶ¸һӰٶ˿Ҷ
Ҷǿ͸ǷԲǧףκһƶӲԼ˫ۣȭͷ쵽ʱҶһ䣬һȭԷ
ˣεĺӰҶƷɳȥʵһԪı䡣
ۣ
һӰ֮г֣֮Ҫ͵ϮȴҶ㷴˲ޱȲҰס
ϣ
һĽҶǰҶŻмԶʱһˣҶʮָðץ
ҹȥ
ղųֵŮӣóɱЩÿһɱ֣ɱ˼ʮϤҶ²ûЩɱ˵ˣĳӶţɱԼ
Ҷ²ûЩӶţ˾ųҵǣ߶ı꣬ɱһС壬׽һĽɫʮּ򵥣ӶźԥĴӦˡ
ŮڿһҲһѪҶϴһֲԴݻһУǰΧղһѾҪ
ɲǼ䣡
Ǽת˲ϵ޷죬ĿǰΪֹҶ㻹ûʩչʲôǿ似һֱʱ׵֮
׵֮ʮּɵƺԸӲӲ׵ǻ֮Դһ֮⵽һ׵磬һ侳
ľ
Ҷ弫ʧһ֣һӻδӦľҧסȲ
꣡
һֻСȱľҧϣһĲҽ֮֡


338 ս侳
Ӿе֮ҶԪĲٿصһ˼ĵز֮תղŻ׵֮˲һľ

ӻδüҽУ峯ȥʧȥһȣսֻܷһ롣
罣
Ȼ䣡
һĨǿ֣罣Բƥеٶȣռ䣬Ҳ֮һʱ䣬һѪԶҪȶˡ
䣡
׸߿գʧȥһȣű罣̴壬Ĳʱ䣬Ҷɱһˡ
ʣ¶֮ɫٰ侳Ҷ㻹ܴݲȵɱˣֱܵ飬ǽȴķˡ
ڻþʱҶƾ侳ڣܿ侳ʱսʤǳѣȣҶ㾳ʵ츲صı仯Ҫ֮ˡ
໥һۣ֮ж¶֮ɫԶ˿ȥƺųδִ㡣
һҧһִ󷨣ֻҪ߸˾ɣֲ߸λ״
Ϥ󷨣Ҷ¶֮ɫȻҶ̸ϴʦһסԼһôڵ
һ߱⣡
ҶͻȻ͵Ϯķλ󷨱ĵط˶ʱֽһţȫû뵽ǻδҶ㷴ȹܵһʱ䷢󷨵㡣
һ䣬ĺôãڶʱ֮Ƶ仯󷨣޴׽
Ϥ󷨣Ȼ֪ܿ󷨵Ϥ󷨣ͻᱻһЩԻ֮С
ָһ㣬һ˳ȥһ߱𽥳һɫ󷨱
ǣ
𽥷ʼ̿ռ䣬յȻͣ·ź
䣡
ϲٺ߸оȫ䣬Ȼػ󣬺Ҳ͸󣬴ݽ
䶯һֻ߱ݻǵĽŲ޷γʵԵ˺Ͼ˲ʵ̫߳࣬þѹƶ֡
ҶҲûһ߱⽫Ƕסǵٶԣ͸ҶڳĻᡣ
ͣ
һռ䣬׵ĳҶǰЩ˶ɱ⾳ҪҶ㣬һĶǵͷѪӡ
ÿһʮЩ˷ŵѧԺǲţΨһϧǣЩ˵̫ܽ侳Ѿ˾ͷ
ѧԺĺôзԴӦõ似ϵͳָϵͳѾγɳ򻯣Ҳºܶӳ֮󣬺Ӧ½ϵ
һЩɢޣȻûõϵͳûǿ似ǶǿԼģһδδսվ飬ĥԼͬ£ѧԺĵӸǵĶ֡
Ҷ㲻ͬѧԺҶĲǺܶ࣬ÿһζǿԼ˫ֲģɱƿҲǵһǰδеĸ߶ȣ˿Щ˲
ʮָðһ֮īɫĹâ渲һʣһ˿˿绡֡
ն
һҶָһ㣬ռ䣬һӰֳֳ֣Ůӣóɱ
һöָץסǵͼ޷ƿҶָס
Ʒܴﵽͼ۷壬Ҷָף޷֮Ҳ˵ҶѾ
ǻһߣֺ׵ĳ֣Ůӵ棬ʵ壬Ҷо̵ѪԼ档

Ѫı֣ѪȻڣŨľѪ˳ҶָףΪԪҶͳͳա
ޱ
һŭ֣Ҷһʮҵӣֳ˫ҪĳҶ˹
磬һˣ
˾ȻһԣҶָŮʱ򣬽кӷˣȻûκηأҪ嵽ǰ
ŮӸоʧ˫ۣҲһɲǼĹ򣬻ΪһƤʧؼ䡣

ӳʩչطȼԼ꣬ԪҪҶͬھ
ΪȼվѪܸҿ𣡡
Ҷ޶ãָʧһ׵֣ʹ֮һȶܿԷһ֮ϣͻȻһ׵硣
׷
һУһ׵类Ҷ쫷磬ӰסˣҪȣͻȻһҵ׵ɳȥ
꣡
ֵָ׵ûӣǰԲôɣҶɱŮ֮ʧȥǣһΣգأҶ׽ɱ
ղŻǰˣҲյʱ䣬Ҷնˣֻʣ侳һҼ֣ԶԶĽҶΧ
ߵսѾƳע⣬һվڽͷ߽һսѾѡ
ľǻҪ̽ȥ𣿡
һֽǣƳʮˣһֱڴ̽ҶҵϢÿһĻҲһӴžֵ
ǻȥ壬ҶѾǶܿƵˣ׵ӴԺ󣬲׼ᣬҶ첻ɾͲǶҶ޷󼰡
жľʮ꣬ϾȻ˸Ű벽侳Ϣ
û뵽һֱģҪΪһ̽ȴû뵽һĻ𾪣
ߣ뿪ܽΣҶ㶼ȫˣҶΣֻҪҶ㲻һжܾȥ߶ף˳ѧԺʣܳΪ洫ˣ
˵꣬ܿȥ뿪˻Ƴǡ
ҶʶһԲǧףѸǣκһ紵ݶ벻Ҷʶһ侳ûǿ
Һ㶫ʶȤȻߣ
ղ˵̸Ҷһ֪᲻ᱻ
Ƕ£
վյĺڶˣԱ󽫣ڰͲסԳ֡
ʣ͸أȫɣΧҶɱ˼ɱˣʣˣųϽ֣սȥѾûκ壬ֻܰװ
Ҷϳ֮ɫʷһ侳Ҷ֪侳ĿֲͶ֮䣬л֮ܡ
µǣ侳ѾԼԼ֮ڣ޵С
һˮ룬Ȼһǧ侳Ҳһ侳Ȼͬߣ侳һ֣ССһ֣ס˶ˡ
֮ߣһ߲ʵֻôһ˿˿ɵλˣ侳ˣֻմһ⡣
侳ҲŵȣԽԽǿȼȻԽߡ
Щ侳һܸǷԲǶǿߣЩֻһЩƤëܿǧ׾Ͳˡ
ϢжϣҶҶ϶ų侳ڣ˵Žá
Ȼûи侳֣Ҷ㿴侳ûԹ⻹ûѧԺһ侳Ҷ㻹Ŀ侳ν֣Ϣжϳ
СӣǿԱ󽫣ˣ
䣬һɿֲƳҶХЯ֮侳һɽ󶼳һ󲨶


339 Сӵ
ֲ侳ƳϿգǱ˽һ㣬վԭزܶ
ǿ侳ʵ𣿡
Ҷ㰵ľоԼվһĿռ棬ܾȫʧԼվһˣų
֮𣿡
Ҷһθ֮ѹܵķƺԼ룬ųԼԼ似ٶдĿơ
Сӣǰģһῼʹ죬һһĥ㣬
֮ڣ޵Уǿƶһж
ʹ֮һȶٶȾȻʮֻķεԼ
Ҫνˣҵ֮ڣûκη
˾վԭأûгֵĴ㣬Ϊ֮εĿҶ㡣
Ǿ򣡡
Ҷϱһɿֲĺˣ糱ˮһ㣬ԪҺһɴ͸֮ȥһ׵ƾճ֣ɼ似ȫչ¶
ܺãϾȻаɼ似Ķˣ
һοˣҶʩչķһİɼ似ƥ
ɼ似ҲֵȼΪԵĹϵԣǶİɼ似׵ǻ֮ԴκԪ֮ϡ
ָһָһɫ׵糯˷˹ȥ֮ž
ǣ
˵ƾʧ׵Ȼв
˵֮ڣҾκι˵ûκô
˴һ֣ղű׵еĵطһ󲨶ռһȶƿһࡣ
Ҷڳ֮ɫ侳ԼоԵƣ侳ʮֹ죬Ҷ㻹û͸ʵ̫߳࣬˲ƿ
ѵҪû𣿡
ҶԥˣԼĵƣҶ㵱Ȼôͱ©ǷڼõģҶҲϰ߽
֨֨
ʱһֻСӳˣſҶļϡ
ʲôϽȥ
ҶڳһյĴָһЩԴСӴ棬û뵽ʱܳˡ
֨֨
С¶֮ɫûҶ㣬ССָһ㡣
ǡ
շһȻѺۣһѿ
ôܣҵ򣡡
Ǽ˹һСһҵ֮ԿռҪԼҪߣҸ̫߳ࡣ
ҶҲһ㶣û뵽ԼСһƵˡ
ѵСӾͨռط
ǰСûľٶҶƺˣСӾͨռطԼĽƣɴռ䣬ٶޱȡ
С߰ͷ­¶мָͷȻơ
͸ģлл򣡡
Ҷ㶪һƷʯСӣӹʯСæʳص˴ָ棬ʮҶľٶ
ܵľָԭ״˻վԶһ֮ɫƺǲףԼ֮һСɵƵ
ʧȥ֮һ侳ı죡
һȭҶһȭ˻ȥǿ˲ˡ
û֮Ҳɱ㣡
ų֮ƵʵʹۿֻۣǲҶٶȸ似
ûκ似Ԫ֮һצҶ֮б

˵ӿһ˺ѲƣԪĵȼȻҪҶ߳üΣȭͷ֮ϣֵӰһɺڰ֣֮ų򵥣Ȼ˺ڰԪء
ͣ
ռð̣Ƕųմо綾־綾侳ҪܿҶ㲻ͬҶԹԴٶ֣ٶĶҩҲû֮ǿ
δأ
˵һ֣Ҷûκβ˸һ㵭ɫĹΡ
ʶܣ
Ҷ㻹ǲҴ⣬侳ʱҶҪСӦս
ף㻹ڵ侳Ȼγ֣ϵܻĲ٣
ֻе侳Ԫһ֣ܵɹ
צɫƺܿһ޾ˣշһ𶯣Զɽ֮һɻݻ١
䣡
ԶһЩܲס˵һֻҶҺ޶ҡκϣջ⣬޷вҶҡ
һɻƺХҶоԼܼѹ侳Ȼǿ󣬾͵ȵ侳ҲвԼ
Ҷ㻹Ǹ߹ԼʵȻսʤ侳侳кܴĲ֮࣬󾳽硣
ģ
צһѿ޷忪ųķһɷ֮Ҷ
飡
һ֣Ҷؿϣ侳Ĺû˿ռ䷨򣬽似Ƶ˼¡
ۣ
һѪϵɫĹձޱȰྡྷδʧҶ͵ײ
һɫ֣ͻȻһǿ⣬Ҷ屣
ôܣмף
ųһȫƷ侳۲
رǱһķѵãܻ߳ɹ൱ڶһһѡͬھ׾ܱȶԷ߳ɻĻᡣ
̫ˣҪսʤ侳Ҫͻ侳ſԣ
ʣľɢ֮ҶɫһƬҰףղǱףܵʵԵ˺
֨֨
ʱСֳˣһöƷʯԹˡ
˻ָҶȻһ
Ҫң
Ҷ㿴СӵƣƺһЩ
Сӵ˵ͷָָҶ塣
ãֻҪܰսʤ͸һöƷʯ
Ҷʮִ󷽣ܲû޵£սʤ侳õĽΪҶҪ侳ս֮վ飬һ˻ޣʧȥôѵõĻᡣ
Сĵ˵ͷֳҶУڱȻһ
Ҫ罣
СӱȻ״Ǽ罣
Сڵ˵ͷ
ҾһΣ
Сų֮ҶСӵĿͷ˱仯ѵԼˣСһֺޡ
ǴҶҲţôޱȵޡ
룬Ҷûԥ罣˳СС֣ǿס罣Ľ
ųһһƷѾʮ𾪣ҶðһƷ罣ԼҲһƷѡ
ಣ
СͻȻʧԭأҶһһԼûп壬Сӵôʧġ
ųоһǰδеΣУСӳ֮оȫëţСʮֲ򵥣ҲвԼ
ѵ
һ޴ˣƷ
Ҷԭʵɱתһ뻹ˣɱȻǼƷм޷ԿŪûױм
޴ԴСһ趯Х֮Ҷ˹ƷޱǿҶиܡ
޽
һɫ֣ҶгһǴӻþ޽ҲƷ
ҶٴóһмųһǺҪˣ


340 ֮ŭ
̶˲䣬ҶƷ֪Ҷϻһµ᲻ֱѪ
˿УεҶ壬ʵһᱻҳ
Ҷվԭص׼Ϊû޽ֻܷӵ߳ɡ
ҶӵнԪأһ˿ɫԪע뵽֮У޽
Сֽ齣⣬һɿֲĽǵأҶϯ
ÿֲĽ⣡
ųѱҶֶˣССͣȻ̵Ľ⣬ֱ˼
ʵ֪Ҷ㽣֮Ӵ󣬻ǽĽɫС
ڽһҶûҶĦ˺ܶལ似εĿӡڻ꺣棬ʩչҲԵɬ
ֽ
Ҷʩչֽ书Ψ첻ƣ
ֽľⲻǽأҪ֧֣죬ȻпֽҲ޷ʩչ¡
ϣ
޽һת֮ϣһӰӣҶٶȴﵽ˼£ޱģ
ƶƫһξ룬һٴϮ
СҪΪٶȾʤң侳޷ģ
ٶųߣڱҶٶѹסˡ
һ侳ųٶȲ̫ƫƫҶ㣬ӵʹ֮㲻ӰҶٶҲǶ⡣
һڿйҶʵҶ㽫ʧȥж
罣
Ҷ㽫ֽ˼£һĨ磬Ĳ˼飬ֻһĨ⣬͸գһСϸ֮дȥĽֱų֮
ųľҶս츳ƿֲȻôҵ϶û͵ϮСֻʮ
ųҶ˵ָƣκ϶һʮܿ侳Ѿݡ
ҶƵһιҶ㻯⣬ų޵ݶģڻûʰҶ㣬һʧСӣųֱëСӸв̶ΪҪСӡ
˶˵սסˣҶ˶ȭͷսǵ֪ĿǰΪֹûпҶôֵġ
ԶӶŵĳԱҲˣû뵽ų֣ûнҶɱⳬķ롣
£
ųʩչ˾շУסҶ˷Ҷٶ죬ҲҪס
䣡
ײڿзҵĺһգƷޱǿУݱһռ䡣
úã
Ҷȫ񣬲κδ⣬ѾԼв
ն
Խɱ˿ԼκһΣϾƷʩչ
Ǿȫ뵽һ֮УͲһҶ˽һֲĽиĿռ俩֨֨졣
飡
ɽȻͬڿоϢڣųɹâһ򣬺ݺݵĳֱĽײ
ϣ
ҵıײ̶ǿҵĦ͸ռ䣬Ƴǡ

мǧ˳ܲסɼס䣬ĵֵ͸
ϧЩħһ㣬ܴ͸˵ֱ꣬ӵز𣬻ԹȥֱӱΪ׳գ걻ħ顣
ҲѪ⻹ģֱνսꡣ
ҶҺػĵ˴󲿷ħȻ̶Ҳֵܵ
飡
ֻǲݵĽӣһɿֲӶ洫ҶͻȻоޱϢ·ĳԶħ޸סˡ
ã
Ҷ㰵һ弱ٳȥԷԪԶԼ̫࣬ȻӲһನҲ㹻ݻԼ
ʶܣһ߱⣬ˮĻ
ҶһٿԪأϳһ㵭Ĺ֣ǰһ㲨ƣǰһǽ赲γ
꣡
һʧǽ飬һӰԼײ
ˮĻҶʱģˮԪĶԷԪӶײ

ˮĻһѷ죬ӰˮĻ˲ִҶǰ
ҵ
˫ֽȭҶݺݵĳӰץȥ

ԶųҶ㷴ץԼݻӰ¶м֮ɫһҶһٽҶɱ
ڴʱһɼΣյϢ֡
ͣ
ռһ𻨣һֻСӴ֮ͻȻֳּ罣һռ䣬һѪ꣬Сʧ
ҶĿһУ֮ǿֲԪײҶ屻ԶԶ˳ȥ
ۣ
һѪҶоǰһ޴УǷһ㣬侳ನȻ˵Ҷ㣬Һһ߱⣬ˮĻԼʶܣһ˿գȻĲ롣
ȶӣˮԪ޸ղܵ˺ڸûд󰭣ֻǱԪˡ
ųȥǰһɺĿӣѪֹСӸղ͵Ϯ¡
Ҽ񵽱ˣ
Ҷϳ˷֮ɫԼ侳ɣСÿռط˵侳һ侳޶޷СӿʮСֻһճδޡ
Сӳɳ侳Ҷ˷ܣȥҪúõоСӵˣȸѪϵ˵ԺɳҲܵԼ
ɷҲȻһС͵Ϯˣ
ųֱţ޿κΣСӶԿռ򳬳κˣ˭Ҳ޷׽ƶĹ켣ɣܷռ䣬Сӵж
ϧųɣֻһ侳ǳˣڷռ仹
ڣܷռ䣬һΧ֮ڣƬռ䱻ˣκһƶܸӦĵ
ڣܽռ䣬ڽΧ֮ڣֺ޻ֻܱ֮ڿռ
̫ңԶҶ侳û֪Ҳ޷
˿ڴһ£ųɫĿ£һųƵַϣһֻС͵ϮȥЦ
һɻƴų緢һɽð棬ܴݻһУϳƣӡ
֮ŭһУ
Ҷ¶һ˿أԼǵ͹侳ٿһͷޣҶʱ׼ʹãƾԼ޷侳ֻܼͻ侳ˡ
Խ棬ԽɱԽԽѣرԽ󾳽ɱˣǲܣԽСɱ˶ǾţҶԽ󾳽ɱˣԳ֮
֮ԽսĻǾŸӵ߱似ԪҶȻ϶ȸڳˣʶһŻ곬ͬ
˵ҶȻʵδﵽ侳ľѾˣֻҪ۹ˣҶûκƿֱͻ侳
ŨҵĻպգһɫγɣǺڰԪأų׼ʩչɱˡ
֨֨
СӲ֪ʲôʱҶϣСҲ¶֮ɫڵ͵Ϯɹһǲˣ͵Ϯûô򵥡


341 ǧ
֮ϣųɫǰǵĿ˿ڣԵø˿־塣
֨֨
СԴ˴ָ棬Ȼˡ
ҲϾʵֻ̫ͣǶԿռһЩץ쾳ɱ
ҶɫأֲɱεĽųڱˣ֮ŭԷء
Сӣҵģ׼ɣ
һһֵıĳÿ˵һ֣ƾһ֡
Ŷ˵𣿡
Ҷе㲻֪侳ĿֲôǿҲ侳ֹ߲
ûµĸɵһսʤ
ŶҲȷǸһҵĿֻš
Ŷ˵ûҶһµģ
÷ʱ˵
Ҷע⵽÷ֻǷϾûй˼Ҷ֮Ҷ飬⵽ǿϮʱȥˡ
ʵڱǸղżһƬңû̹﷼
Ҷ俴ˣǰŮԼĶӹϵһ㣬˫˴֮оܿԼĶӶŮҲкøС
÷÷ͺã
÷һԴҶ䣬÷ʹʮ𾴣ϾҶĸס
Ҷʮ⣬ǰŮҪû˵ĸǻԼĶǴ´࣬Ҷôܲء
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343 ɱ侳
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344 Ʋ
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346 ǿ
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˳ξӨˮɹںϣһͷ˳ˣΣĵΣҶϸİսɫĳһҳ
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349 Բ
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Ҷ㲢ڣȻԼѪ֣ڴѧԺ˵Ҳһֳ裬һŹԼҶҪԴԼʵ


351 
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㲻ţǿģͻγԼһ𡣡
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ģһʮֹϵԣģΥһΥͻõĳͷпֱԺ˵ĲǼٻ
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Ҷ㣬ڵģ
Ժû뵽Ҷܾ˸ɴࡣ
Ժ飬ɣ
֮ìٴγ֣Ժȥ
ͣ
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352 
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һðԺܲһ͸֮ìףһ޴ȱڣٳٲϡ
֮󣬴Ժڼʧ޷غһǻܴݻһУԸõİ취Ի似޷Ƴ
С֣ڵģһΪ鸺𣡡
ԺϾҪָǻ֮Դݻıʣ޷غһ𣬷һ˻

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ʮ֮󣬴Ժ˻˥󳹵ƽϢȥҶһ˵ϣѡ
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Զʮ֮ĴѧԺ֮ϣѪκɫһɱƺ۳ʵʡ
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ҶҵңѾȥʱˣҶڵһҶѡչأ˭ҲҹҷԲǧ׶һա
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ΨһסԼĽŲγ֮ҶһЩĵҩȥѰҿռƬƾħ
ҲżҶһתԪԼĽ淴ЩԪȻݻ侳۷ԲĴڡ
ԪΪ֮󣬾۷ԲԪγɽ𵤣ͻ䣬һǧߡ


353 ͻ侳
Ѿʱ䣬Ҷ֮УϹ̻ԼԪšҶԪڻȻĲǺԣҪǰˣҲһȻ֮
ԪһĵزҪϴĥøȻʩչҲǵӦ֡
ǰԪʣҶ㲻ϣͻ侳Ҫһ˿覴á
£ԣת֮䣬ҶչѾһʱˡ
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һ֮ǰ飬ѱ˵Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ʱʲô飬ֻ֪Ҷˡ
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Ҷҵһ֮ڣҲԴԴԺҲųҪҶҽˣͬˡ
Ҷ֮Ҷҿʼ٣ڵ٣һǿͿڻƳǵĿڱԽԽá
ô޷ǣԴҾȻ䷢һּ⣬ͷҶΪ壬Ȼֻһϵ˻ҵ̬ȡ
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ڶʮһ죬Ԫٶȸ죬ռ俪ʼȶҶڲɢһɺĵϢҶһĺܶ޿ʼߡ
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˭֪Ҷ䲻ǻƳ֮ˣҶˣֻ׸Ҷң֪Ҳû𣬷·һԡ
ڶʮ죬Ʊޱȱ꣬·һݷѣһɿ񱩵ƴӷȥԴݻһУҺҶܲϴ󣬾Լͻֻš
дػֲƻй¶ȥ٣Щޱߣ𺳡
ʱ϶һʱȥˣӿʼƣޱºͣ·괵֦ļڡ
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һŻҶ㴫ӣʮڴ򿪵ڶŻʱ򣬻ᴫԼʲô
겻׳󣬻꺣ɫҲ󣬹һܿϰӦûˡ
ɱ
Ҷ㽫ɱ˳׼ɱ
֮ǰҶϤһֻ꺣걮٣û濴ȥƳˡ
ʱ䣬ҶϤ˷򣬲Ż˫ۣ֮У͸һƣ
û뵽Ҫ˿̣Ҫһͨķϸʮ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫ֮ǷǷֻһ֣ƷʸҪȴ֮
ģǻģеĲǶһ֮һԣȻҲͬ
ȻʮҲҪһԣһɱɳڽ侳ɱȫﲻԼ
ջǾĽܣƷȻʮЧҲǷʮ
һϱҶ˳ڷңǧ֣ÿһóȥۣЩϣʮҶȫ뵽ɱ֮С
ڻþҶӶ˲٣ҪǴӴѧԺЩ϶ģдش٣ЩƷľѲϡ
д޼֮ĵغ֮ڶóһٶĵغܴ֮ʮóȥһҶǸܼӡ
һҶޱȹע˾˾仯


354 ɱ
һ֣鷢תԪ֣һȭͷСľȼգ˲ɽɫҺ塣
ַӵӡð֮ľõӡ֧֮󣬿ʼֵԾһ˿˿Գ֡
ԽԽСղŻȭͷСҺ壬ת֮󼦵Сڲѹʲϱѹɫʵϣһڻҡ
һȭͷСг۴ʮƷʯ۸񣬲ܹҲˡ
ಣ
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мʮϱɱ޷Ӧ뷨кԶһ·
һʱȥѾ˽ӽһټϡ
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ٴһٶϡ
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죡
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磬ʽγ֮һȱڣܽ⣬ٶȣ
˵
Ҷ۾һʮеȻҶ뵽˴ܽ⣬Ҳѡһ㣬ϧ͸ٶȷǳĻ
γ֮һͷһǳٶǴҶȻʡ
һЩǰļ両֣ҶһЩ۵ͷ״͸ǽڣõľ֮
ʼſƻ棬תʼʱӦ飬תٶԽԽ죬еζ
ǰʮּ񣬺Ļƶһ޴ͷˣŨҵĻγɣϵĳȥ
лѣ
Ҷ㷢ٶֹʮ¶˷ܵɫʣæл
ưɣʮ֣ҴӵҲ
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˵갢аŮص˺«棬Ųȥˡ
Ҷ㲢ɣϹʱڣʮַ٣ﵽһ߷壬ϧԽԽ٣׷ļ£ԴĶ
شƣÿһϢϢء
һʱ֮ܽ⣬Ҷһ


355 ɱ
һʱ䣬ȫΪһҺ壬ڿзʱҶ
ûиκλᣬȻͨ飬ҶҲҪɱ֮С
ˮһ㣬һɱڲɱҵĶֲ̫Դݻɱɱпֱը
ʱҶﵽ˿ݽߵĵزĻ޷ҶģֻܷƵٶȡ
һŻͻѣȻҪߡ
˵ǿգһЩǧǷ紵ԣдԣ֮ʯĳ࣬һ࣬һ֣֮ݻ
ЩǴԣ˭ҲûпһЩʯӵԵģֶܲ޴ӿ
촽ѱҶҧƣ꺣洫ʹģһ˿˿Ѫ
һʱɹں֮һɱǾңɹںϣֱӽ
ƴˣԸҪ˯
Ҷ¶Ȼ֮ɫһ˿ɺ֮ɫ
ôںȥ뻹Ҫʱʱ䣬ҶȲˣԼĻ޷֧Լôá
һ꺣ϵͳ˿ݽߵزͻ˯һʧˣҶ㲻뷢
Ψһİ취Ҷ׵֮
һɫĳìֲ֣׵֮ӳìɢԻһС
ƺҲӦˣϢȻʮּӲ׵ȣȻСĿһ׵磬ƿǡ

֮ìҶǹ˳Сèһ㣬Ȼɱںϡ
׵ѹһУһУط֮⣬޿ƥ֮ǰҲ޷ֵ׽ٵ
һݽߣҶ㵽˵ƿ;ĵزҺںϣҶֻǲٿضѣ겢δ˯Ҷõ˻͵Ļᡣ
һҶĶˣҶ޷֧ȥֻ˯ʮ־գǶȹȥˡ
оգȫںϣһǿ֣ɱͻȻһһ˿˿ʼγɡ
ΪҶԼľѪɱÿһα仯Ҷ㶼ܸ֪һɱڷϵı仯
һ׳֮Դһֻӵа׳֮ԴԼ⣬ʹСС׳֮ԴҶҵʮɱҪ
ݵĻָҶָңһֱһ׳֮Դһɫâûɱ֮УҶ㽫ҪĴĥ󷨣Լ̻
һѪĸо֣ҶоɱԼһ֣ĳһ٣Լֱۡ
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ɱΧΧƺܶķ򣬾Ө͸Զһ£ռ䶼һ·ܲסɱѹ
ȻҲµһƷ۷壬Ʒֻһ֮ң
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ʮ֮Ҷõ˼ָվֳɱȥɱ洫һϢԼʮ׺͡
סɱҶоһ˿һһڵѷˣȻɻռ䡣

Ҷ㽫޽˳һɱһ޽Ҷһģݺݵײһ
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ɱҶϲϱСֻܿаƴСһʮ־Сӡ

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ÿһﶼԪɱ·һ̥Ҷ濪ʼ

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Ҷ㽫Ŀ⿴ԶΪԺĵ·׼ˡ
ޣѾǱ֮ãΪСһֱδ֣
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żֻҪھУеʱģ
ŵ˵


356 ɽ
ҶأҶֻм֪ҶѾ˼壬һЩϼҶ㶼ǿͿЩӣҶһ¶ݵɫʡ
ѧԺ𣿡
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һк̶֮УжʮˣһЩҩʦֻʮ̻ʵõĲźأ󲿷ֶظ֮䡣

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߲Ͻ֪ʱ˶ŭЦӭһӣĽɽͷĿϡ
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ϻ˵ʮʱ䣬ӹȻݹǵ飡
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ҶվԶδ뿪һɨɽ˵ͷĿʵͣȻ쾳

һһ洫һʮҵŮò㲻ϵɫ
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ɽͷĿָ÷ղһҪŮˣ˿뿪


357 ɱ
ɽͷĿаĿ⣬ɨ÷Ŷ̫СδԱˣҶ㣬ֱӸˡ
һˣҾƫҪȥ
Ҷ¶ζЦݣŮǰȥ
ԼԹˣ
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ɱ
Щ˶ǹõѪӣη䵶Ҷ
ʮ䵶ԼŮ̹ۿƲͷȥ·𿴵Ҷ㱻ķѵӡ
ƫƫֵ鷢ˣҶһɨʮͻȻԭأȻܶаһ㡣
ˡ
ʮһ𳯺ȥһ˫Ŀ֮дž֮ɫȫˡ
깥Ҷ֮ìԺ󣬾Ͳϳԣ깥Чʮֲ
ڼʮ˿ҪʱҶͻȻһһ˿׵ֽ֮ʮɣЩ˵Ļ꺣ֱӴ̴ǵ꣬˲
÷Ҳû뵽ԭΪҶ֣ȴ벻ҶֻɨһۣЩ˾ˣֱɱΡ
СӣʩչʲôȻɱҵˣ
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ݡ
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Ҷ˫۷ֽʮټÿһ涼֮֮׳ľ;
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ɽͷĿһ˿ҪϳΪȷʵһʧһ꽣ݣеòʧе̫СˣҲǼֻװŪһЩѡ
ΧԽԽ̶࣬ӣֱӱˣټˣɽȥ꼰
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СӣҲ㱻סˣһСƭǷϳΪҺҷӦʱΪˣ׸
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Ҹһϣҵ
ɽͷĿŭˣһка˳Ҷ


358 ʮʥ
ѹѹһƬҶӿһε䵶¡
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Щ˿Ҷ岽֮ңʱܿռͻȻޱȼ̣Ȼٽһһԭء
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꺣ڲϱ仯˫ͫղųֵʧȡ֮һ꽣ɫΣֱʣЩ˵Ļ꺣

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еΪѣϾʮˣɽ˭ҲȥѡǸ˵ʵɲ⣬˭Ҳҵ»ʮ϶Ҫɵ֣Լɽ屻ռ죬һưոݡ
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359 洫
ҶҲżǰĹĻһνѧԺ۵ף壬ԺĹһ죬￴һ
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ѡ
лѣѾѡɣ
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ϣһһ飬ϴżص壬ˡ
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ϸղȥʾʮϣȻͳһھɽøҶ㣬ڻûзӦ
ǰҲеҪѡɽ壬ϧѧԺͬ⣬ΪһѧԺͬˣʮ϶¶ζЦݡ
ѧԺӣˣݺͬŵӣδã
Ҷ㽫ڻаԵ˳ϴżص壬ˡ
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ϿŶͷɢѲΣѺĸ£һݵƤͷûɢڵϡ
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洫ɽ壬һĲ£ĸĵӲȥȲģ洫ŨҪȺĵǿϲ١
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ܳµЧʺܿ죬Ҳһʱ䣬ʮĵӣŮ۳࣬Щ˾Բʾϵȡ
ʼʱ򣬿ܳ˴ȥҶҶܾˣ˻ҪǴڴɽ黹ǽͨĵӡ
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ղһ̽䣬Ҷ㷢ʵߣȻǵ侳۷壬һܳΪ洫ӡ
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ҶӹܳݹǹʮȫϣȻǿܳѡģҶ㵱Ȼţָ棬Ȼȥʱٿ
һʮһ˻洫ȥһΰҶ㶼ǵһνѧԺģʮһ֮ɫһ̤洫֮С
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ܲ˶ûڣҲ¶м֮ɫȻ຺ͬӣǸµһǴ飬ЩµӲ֪ߵغ


360 ٪޷
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬в˶Ʋ棬棬ҪҶô
ںԶһɽ壬ʮϵһۣԺټʮƽʱæʱһ
˵ҶܶסѧԺѹ𣿡
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Ϸںͷǲȥ
ۺ룬ϴŵЦݡ
վϣ͸Ŷ֮ɫû뵽ʱ꣬Ҷɹ洫ӣҶѧԺҲʱ䣬һŵӣһ洫ӣٶȣѧԺԲˣ֮С
ʦ֣ǲȥˣȥȵĳӲˣɱڵ죡
һ洫Ҳһ¶֮ɫ
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ҶȻѡ٪޷壬Ժ϶ⲻ˺ܶ鷳ҶҪһݣõİ취֪ԼǺǵģ˭ҪƣҪһԼʵ
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Զ洫Ӷ¶һ֮ɫԪͽֱŰôܡ
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ʮ˿ʼæµֹȷ˸Ӳݣ˸˸һЩҩһҶʧķ¶֮ɫҶǣҲȼм顣
Ҷʧû뿪٪޷壬Ĵ۲һ飬һʱ䣬Ҷ㽫٪޷嶼һ⣬ˡ
Ҫӹһ½ƣıԭеĸ֣Ÿȫ
ҶӰƯ٪޷Ͽգ
ѧԺµĽƣòǺܴҶҪӹһ£һҲ޷
ʮ˳ҶųϵõģԼһвҶӴѧԺѹģڶó
һʲôأ
Ҷʮͷʹײһʲô󣬼ܲӰѭ𵽷ãҶ˼
˼һյʱ䣬һ󷨳γҶ꺣֮С
ˣ粨󣡡
Ҷѡ󷨣ʺ٪޷壬û֮γһ֣ɽڣ濴ȥ٪޷ӰӣֻһƬ⣬֮ʡ
Ǵ濴ȥ˿Ӱ죬κ飬ܿһҶ㵱Ȼϣ˿ԼڸʲôΪҶкܶණù⣬ֻѡ󷨡
֮Ҷ㿪ʼһٸ˳ȥ٪޷ܡ


361 ֵ
Ҷûвٲϣ㲻ܲǿĻ粨γһû⣬Ժơ
ʵ֮󣬻ʱٿ󷨣Ҫǰˣһٸ֮٪޷巢ڴɨɽʮˣһ𳯿пȥÿҶӡ֮С
û뵽Ҷʦֻһ󷨸֣
ʮ֮УŮ˫ðСǣϧ֮עκν
ѡˣֻҪҶʦ󣬻ûлʵ𣡡
ʮ˱е㲻Ը⣬Ҷһȭչֳ츳ʮ˳ظҶ
һʱȥˣ𽥳ͣ٪޷ڻʧȡ֮һ֮٪޷Ͽգ濴ȥ٪޷ƾʧˡ
ߵı仯ٴĿ⣬һɽƾʧҪôֶΣֻһЩף󷨣Ҷ㽫٪޷֮棬ݡ
̤٪޷壬ͻ⵽󷨹
е˼һ½ӣȻܲǿ󷨣ʵټ
洫ӲδչأվԼɽϣۿһۡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ȫϣʮҲɽһɶ⣬Ҳٳҩ磬ɽһЩطĸɸɾ
ɽкܶཨҶѡмһʮˣеǣԼȥһˡ
֮УʮֿտûʲôҾߣⶼҶҪģֱϣĿ
һЩҶѾˣΨһĿ׷۷塣
Ҷʦ֣мԳǰףأ
棬ʮֹĿҶ˵
ǽɣ
˴֮Ҷ㽫󷨵ֶζʮˣԼٵʱҲ
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ܿ죬һ˽٪޷壬ǵһ̣ҶʵѾ֪ˣվ
Ҷʦܣϲϲڽ洫ӣ
һˬʵЦ֣Է޺˽ŶҲΪҶףء
ʵڼªίλˣ
ˣҶоǺܲйͬǻ֮
Ҷ̫ˣǶ֮ˣЩݻһЩӹ֮ˡ
Է޺ڻþʱ򣬾Ѿɹ洫ӣҶص˼壬֪ҶҲ洫ӣһʱˡ
λ£ǰףأҶʮָм
Ҷ㱧һȭҶ㼸վ洫ӵĶ棬˲ϧ洫ӣǰΪҶףأҶʮָж
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Ҷ֣˳ճ㼸֪꣬Ƿֱйͬľ˵ѡ٪޷壬洫ΪΣͼľһɣȨˣŻʲô˼
Է׳Ƕ˺ǣôڱˣҶһȭúܽ
û׷ľѱԶΪ¶ҪԸΥȷʵû˼ϧûƣȻʹһ
Ҷ㱻ȼм飬һЦ
˭˵ûˣ
һֵ޺˵ˣһֱĬ꣬ʱҲжӽָó̳ơ

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˹ˡ
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֣֣ҶĺܸˣǳĸˣҶˣԺǵҶ飡
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ǽ죬˶ûôֻʹʹĺһ
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ģǽ洫֮в洫ǰ£ǣһֻΪ뵽һЩ֮УһΪߣģʼųǡ
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Ҷ֣֪洫ӷֳɣһʦΪףˣһʦΪףᣬ˫ͬˮ໥ݣǾܾʦ֣ǾͻΪǼʦߣǾܾʦ룬ǾͻỳǼʦݣͷֺã
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Ǿ͹ˣѵԺĹϵ
Ҷ㰵ŶԺ͹ȥģ϶֪洫֮ǰʹһУҶ²⡣


362 ս
Ҷ㲻Ѳ²⣬ŶԺ͹ȥһЩϵѴˡ
֪ҶоԼǷһ顣
ȥЩˣǼȾƣ
Է粻ȥ̸Щĵ飬ԼıЩ洫ӻҪ˼Լ֣̫֡
޺ҲһӵϹŴת֮գѧԺܵ߶ӣ˹ѹҲֵ̫֡
Ҷʦ֣ս飡
ٴν棬һս
һ¾̳ӣӿһۣ˭Ҷ洫ӵһս顣
ӹս飬һɳɱ֪дս˵ʱӵ޾ɱ¾֮ɱ֮С
Ҷ㣬̨֮
򵥵һ֣һֻֻ
Է޺۶߹üͷ΢壬ǲİҲǾţ洫֮ٶȲŻ洫֮УŽǰʮ
ڶٶǰʮѾš
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Ҷ֣Ȼʱս̨׼㻹Ǻĵӣ޷㷢սͬ洫㲻òӦս
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ûȵþյҶֻδվȽŸͷսսҪλҶأ
еĺ岻⣬Ҷ֪ԼȶõԴһʵսѶȾͻӣѡԼ洫ӵһͰ䷢ս顣
ĲҪȻʱս涪洫ӵ
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лλĹģҸ֮綼Ҫһ˶ϣȻԷս飬⣬λ᳹洫㣡
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Ҷ֣ҿ˵Ѿ侳۷壬һǴԲаգ
ԷŹĵҪһʧսġ
ѧԺ̨ĿģΪЩԹ֮ܶ䣬ԹѧԺֽƴ򶷣Ψһܾĵط̨ԸѧԺ룬̨
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սҶϢѾ֪ҵ뿪٪޷壬ĵȥ
һʱ䣬洫ս½ҶϢֶߣѧԺķзϵѧԺ߲㣬µѧԺţڴ顣
ȻÿѧԺῪ̨˵Ӧúձ飬Ϊһֵ˷зڣΪǰѧԺһγ洫
ˣ洫֮伫ٳһѧԺĹע
һһϵҶ½ӣѡ٪޷壬ѧԺϵӶ֪٪޷һս˲ˣ֪˭ðôΣգѡ٪޷塣
һЩ뿪ѧԺȥĵӣȫе飬ĵĵ
Ҷ㣬鲻Ųʣ·²ؼһ˷贫ǿǰڷһѵѼ
˰µЧʺܿ죬ʱ䣬ѹ˹Ϣ
ʮ꣬ʮѧԺ֮ڣΪ洫ӡ
¼˺ܶϢθ˽ֵļ¼нܡ
óɱһżԵĹ似Բ׶Ρ
һʮѲ洫֮УһѲĽɫ
Ҷһ˳óһܳΪ洫ӣɺϣǱ
ǱҲֻܽ͵洫۷壬һǳѡ
Ϊ洫֮󣬱˿ϣûκԥѡˣ棬кܸߵĵλ
Ҷüͷһ塣
ûйϵ洫֮ˣҪ洫㣬ҪҵӣҲųһЩǿӣ߱񣬲Ըһˡ
Щٶ洫ӣŷֳ֣һ˵ˣһˣһˣǶй˵ʵıԸ⵽ʹ
ҲвһЩ˲ԸܵԼϲڣñԷ磬޺ۣȻûǿʵвıȻκһҲΣ洫ûдڸУ⵽ų⡣
һʱʱ䣬ҶϢ治ֹһˣ洫ӵϢܳµЧԽԽá
ЩϢԺҶ綼ҪõԿ֪ܳҶҪ洫Ϣʱ򣬷о˵ˣѼ洫һϢ
ԴҶվɽ棬ǿա
֮һһٳӦЩƲҵˣҲЩҪҵһ£
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֮ǰҶʵ΢ÿһ鶼ıҪ˼ǰ˺һʧ
ڲͬҶȻûվѧԺߵ㣬ѾӵаһеȻˣҶûбҪȥȻҪߵҶҪߵףĶԹԹһй
ʱ䣬һζ
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һƬյأʱɽ˺ͱΧˮйͨ
һһ㣬洫Ӷ˲٣վõλãԲһգɢֲƣЩĵӶҿ洫߱ȽϿա
⼸䣬ͱ˺ŵӣûȺУ̨ŵӵܿɽһǡ


363 ս
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ͷĻϣĻԪϣԼϣ߳ϣųϣ
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Ҳһ֣ǧźһֹͣʮмɣ˳һ㡣
һɨҶ㿴Է޺վ洫϶ֳ˷֮ɫĬĬΪҶͣҶ˵ͷʾһ¡
Ҷ㣬Ϊһͷڹ꣬ӦսҹĿ࿴ˣ
սյһ̣Ҷ͸֮ˣͬӦսû뵽ҶӦʹ졣
ȻҶ㲻ӦҲ޿κΣҶҵܶɣԼ½Ϊɣ粻ȶӳսҶûôֱӴӦڶøġ
ʦҽþ͵ȴҪأҶ֮ˣ˵һСС洫ӣܵõʦֵָ㣬ҵңʦֲߴͽ̣һ洫ӵǿ󣡡
ҶһЦûκı飬ʮ򶨣һ㶡
ΪԼһ϶̼Ҷ㣬ҶʧȥǣԼͷڹ꣬Ҷ㶼ޱ鲨ѵСĲɵԼǲ֪һ̨Ҫֳ
ļҶͿһҪŭԼսʱ׳Լôϵ
ָ̲ҵҶʦܵˣǲǩ״̨
¶ЦݣҶȻʵǿ󣬲˺ڣԽսԽԽѣԼԽսоųɰջɱҶ㣬ŴҪ״ѧԺ棬ֹԼɱҶ㡣
ҶǻǹЦÿһһԼõѧԺӻɱԼ뵽״ԼԼ
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ֻм˲ԣƺûס
ÿֲĻȻﵽ伶𣡡



364 ս
˭Ҳ벻Ŀ֣Ҷһԭء
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죡
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ҶҲûдܻ֣ܶղֻ̽Լǵ͹˻ĹЧ

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𣡡
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ҶҲҴ⣬ĽԼεסԼ壬ÿһ֮ȼŨҵĻ棬ܵȼռ䣬һС
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ǿĽ⣬Ҷʲôʱ˴Ľ⣡
ԶЩۿȶЩѧԺǿߣһ¶֮ɫҶչֳĽ⣬һЩ϶Ϊ֮ľ
ãкϷˣԽ
Ԫ˻һûûεӣӣ¶Цݡ
Ҷͷų˴Ľ⣬ϳһ˿Ũ֮ɫо˲
ͻȻеıӣ񶨸ҶϣҶչֳ˿ֲĽ⣬ϵЦʧˣȡ֮һ˿ء
ֻһнһнһʦֵľ
ҶûһлԼĦģ߱ʽˣýʩչ߱ʽǰеļ򻯰档
Բѣ
һӶ佣ҶҶգĽռпһˣ֮֮ܵ¶Ȼ
úãҵ˫
޽һƣƼֱ֮ܳΪΪκνĶ


365 ս
Ҷ㽫нΪ˫Ԣ˫ֻһС
һǵն£ĽѿȻܲסҶĽ⣬ֲѹһɽѹԭء
ĽɫСͷŽ⣬ƺܻʵʣʱóܻΡ
ˮĽڿн֯һͼ̨뽣֮С
ǴҲ˫Ψһ𽣷ں߱ʽ˺Ѳ񷣬ĤݵĽԻһУѹ졣

ҶһͺȣһУ仯˹ĽȫҲҶһںδ
ˣԺĹһķԺҲˣ洫һƬȻҶսȻ˿ֲ
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ڿжԺһƣҵ쫷֣˵ֱƷ˳ȥ
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Լʩչеƣ֮˽֣ϧҶ㲻ôѧԺڹע飬ԼҪй¶ȫƣԼ˵Ǻ£˭֪лûҪԼԣҶҪһЩƣ֮衣
ԵĿǰΪֹҶ㶼δʹɱԼ֮ìԼռ似Բʹãǵͷ
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䣡
ռ䷢һǿҵĺһڵĶѨˣӰͻȻʧԭء


366 
зֲϢŨҵĻ֮ԴŭնƹĹ򣬱һΪžһ˿ֲˡ
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ռΪ֮һΣ̨˻ζҺ̨õǶħʯÿһʯ涼󷨣侳ѽ֮
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ͣ
ϻм׵˸ÿ˸һΣɸһ紥硣

һںڸ⵽׵繥ܲٵĴˡ

һĴЦӣһú̲סЦ⡣
Цףȫɱ˶··һڻң¶˽ʵļ⣬óһæϡ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣬ҪʬΣ
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ĿǰΪֹҶʩչ˷ԪأԪأֳˮԪأѾչ¶Ԫء
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һʮˣǹͷѹžһʹĲҽ

ӿѪʧˣǶܼʱһ˫ȶľԵ
սһۣ˭Ҳ벻ı仯ҶͻȻַʽ͵ϮʽڿǰҶͽľչڵ£ʱ׼ڵȵˡ

ѪӿʧȥۣĲҽɫҰףóöҩ̷ȥŽ˿ֹסѪڿӿ
˭Ҳ벻ۣҶܼΣȴΣʱ̣
ڳֻһֱЦݣûκα鲨ԪһζʧˣΪҶɡ


367 ־
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368 ӸԤ
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˭Ҳ벻Ҷ뵽˿ռ֮С
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ϴ󣬸ô죬ǲǸóָһˣԽԽĿˣЩ϶
Ԫ˳ʵ
Ǿ䣡
ֻ˵˼֣˵


369 ɱ
ٴα̨ϵʮѹ֣Ҷһ˿ɱвҶ޶ãɡ
Ҷʦܿǲˣ
ɫһ䣬һ֮ĳҶ˵
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˵꣬һۡ
뿪ɽѩԼӦõսƷ
÷һڡ
Ҷ㣬Ҳ׼Ժ
Ҷ㶢ıӰ÷ݺݵһҶ㣬ŽʧеҶ
ǿȻ
Ҷ㰵ղ֪ȻԼʩչһȻ֮ŵˡ
ģֻӦȥģ
Ҷ㰲ο˵һ䡣
Ҷʦܣ˵һ䣬ҾӦȥһˣ
Ĭ޺˵ˡ
˻
ͬʱ޺ۿ


370 
˵ز˵֮أǻȥ˵
޺ûм˵ȥ˶ӡ
ûȻȥ
Ҷż˻ص٪޷壬һ·ЩӼҶ㶼ǹ洫Ӷ¶η֮ɫ
һյʱ䣬һ˻ص٪޷壬һνһͬǰҶ⽻ֵһ̣｣ⰻȻĳѪԼҪ
֮У˷ֲ£ﰴҶ˼򵥵ĲһЩΣݻϣʮּª
˵˵ô£
޺۲޹ʷʸȻô˵ĵ֮
һţҲὨȥͬǱҪıһս
޺ۻ˵ڳЩ˶ɵӣһ㼴͸ƺе޺۵˼
֣˼ǲѾ⣬ʦ׳ֻ֦Ҫߣ˾Ͳô
Էӻ޺۵˼
ҵ˼ǼᣬǱԼȻˣûбҪڵᣬֻҪȷһԣ
޺۽˵ˣǰһԼ
ֵ˼ˣһῼһ£Ժ飬һε⣬һưոݣһǵ棬ɱ״ʥӵһ˵ĳƺţ˵ʱԿˣϧǲҶµķڰǰֻһ·ʵΨʵǵһ
Ҷ㻹Ǹл޺۵ѣҶ㲻κõıӻԺκ鶼ţҶҲϲǣơ
Ҷ˵ͷͬҶ˵Ψʵǵһܲǳ֮ơ
ܿջͣҶ̸۸ղҶһսֱ񣬳ǵ⡣
Ҷ֣ʵʵ˵սʱǲһֱڱأ
ԷһֱҪ֪Ҷĵߵ
˶Ҷ㿴Ҳ֪һֱǶ͸ҶΪһﶼһϣ֮ɫȺҶش
˵㣡
ҶЦһԼʵ
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ֵ֮ìһֱǴҹĵĻ⣬Ҷ㵽ôġ
˵ˣֳ£˭ᱣһЩ
Ҷ㲻̸ȥκ˶ֻҪɱɣûбҪԼеȫ¶
ܿɵĻ⣬һҶ洫λŽǰʮֹϾҶɱܿǰʮ
ֻеǰʮлսʥӣȡԷλá
Ҷ֣벻սʥӣʱͿ˳ס٪޷壡
Է̽Եʵ
ʱû㣬ʮʥӷͬ죬ûо԰գǲ׳ԣ
Ҷʵʵ˵ûѵĳɷ֣һ֣Ҷ֪ԼĲǵ̣۵ĻǲҺòսһĽһ¹˭֡
ʥӵλãĸûԼܣղ̨ϵսֻǱɽһǣҶ͸о˼ѹ
û仹нӽ飬Ҷ㹻ʱ䣬ʱֱսʥӣһ
ԷϷ˷֮ɫ
ʲô䣿
Ҷ㻹Ĳ˵Ҷ㣬÷һɻŶ֪
ÿʮһΣʱݵľţҲֱѩԭ˲μӣֻʥӲܲμӣѧԺ
Է翴ʮʵƲڰ֮ڶһʥλãҶϣ
㣡
ܻݵţбѩԭ⵽һʲôĴ䣬Ŀʲô
Ҳ䣬ŻһʮʥأУ»ССһУ֮Ҳܸıˣõ֮Խ࣬ҲԽ˳ԶŵӶԴҲҪμʮһε䡣
ԷϸϸΪҲǵ;˵ö֪žӡ
㻹˵һܵõһܵõ˼пܻ⴫У
޺۲
⴫У
һֵҶԷ綼ɻˣʲô⴫С
ĴУ
޺۵ĻȽ٣ϧ𣬵ÿһ˵ġ
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ֱţ˵˼顣
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޺Ҳ֪˽ЩȻ֮ࡣ
½ֻǲ׺һ粻Ҷĳ̫ˡ
жҶ㶼ûоף½˵ˣƹҲֻ֮еһųԴһĳж
Ҷ֣ڰ֮ڣҪʥӣֻʥӲܴѧԺμӣĻʮһΣԲܴ
ԷȰοȻԼܲμӣܼ֤һλ漣ҲδɣǸҶĽ飬Ҷɳˣһǡ
ãҿһ£
ҶȷʵĶˣǰҪ鲻սʥӣʵʵսʥӣȻܻһϯ֮أҪñȥͷǳΣˣҶҪһһݵİ취սʥǰ塣
Ҷʦ֣ɽλ
Ӵ߽һŮҶʮĵӣҶɽ塣
Ŷɣ
Ҷʶһɨɽվһϣңǰ֮٪޷ʧ
ǣ
ŮȥˣʱҶ׷
Ҷ֣ǾͲˣúÿǣǧҪ
Է޺˴ǳʣҶҲϾҲԼʱ䡣
÷һû뿪Ҷ㽫һƫŨҪȺĵöˣ洫ҲȨʮԼɽ壬û⡣
Ŷ뿪صԼɽȥˣΪҶ͸©ŶһϢˣҪԼˣҪŬŶ֪Ϣ֮ϵı˱仯ûҶ㣬ĬĬĻȥˡ
һʱ䣬ŶˣҲǰСѾͷѾԼ˼֪Լˣǰǣչس侳ڣ䡣
źһУҶ߳һϴɽ
Ӳμϣ
˲ǱˣϣĿҶɱû뵽ʱͻȻǰá
ؿ
һ֣ûκμӣһƽӡ
룡
ܸϴϹϵĻҶ㲻ŹΪ洫֮ҶҲýӴѧԺϲˡ

˽֮ˮԼ֮Ĵһۡ
ʰĺܸɾ㣬סĻϰ𣿡
ϾȻҶˣҶɶͷԣ֪ϳһ
ϵĸһжã
ҶֻܷУ͸ϵ⣬˳˵
Ҷ㣬Ҳˣ˵٣أмҪ㣡
Ͽżɽ˵


371 
Ҷһ㶣ϣ侳۷壬ôԼ
ˣܳʲô׵ĵطһ֪޲ԣ
Ҷܳӣʮ⣬Ҷûǹɰ⣬ݰԵЩƺ
Ҷ㣬ʵмҪֽ̣Ҳ㣬һöԪԪȼҿ侳۷壬̷˵ҩпͻڣ
óһöҩȻǶ켶ҩӽƷϻǴֱʡ
Ҷ˫ð⣬öԪԼãȷɻͻ侳ڣûѵͣҶûȡǷʵôԣʲô⣬һž
һ׻Ҫ˵ġ
ҲͲĨˣʵҪ֪ôԪأ
Ͽżɽ˵Լ⡣
ҶǻһߣԼ޼һʩչ֮ìȷʵ˲ˣҲҶԸ⿴ģûдʩչ˭һţѲʩչɱ
һ£ҶôشԼ֮һ˿׵֮֮ĥϮ󱻾ħգ꺣һ˿׵磬Լںһ
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Ҷʮת˵
üͷһ壬ҶӲѣ峺ƽĶϡ
޷ֻҪҼɣҲһҪȥôһöԪһ룡
ΪҶӶˣԸ˵
ϣǴҪҲΪҵһϣҵѴ
һöԪãҶ㻹δһλҶҪһЩҩϻкܶҩ켶ҩ죬˵켶ҩƷҲ޿ܡ
ҴӦ㣬򲻵ѣҾԣ
֣ص˵ƺĿľݡ
ҶΪˣɣΪԼأһϣ϶ΪԼ˽Ը˵˵ɣҶҲϳԣŪһĽ֡
Ҷʦ֣ɽһλ
ʱ򣬸ղŮȥЦӯӯĳҶ˵
ɣ
ҶЦעƽˡ
һһ̤żҶϣһ㶣漴Ц
û뵽ٶȱһҪ죡
˲Ǳˣ߳ϣҲĿҶʩչ֮ì
ߣôˣ
ͷߣƺ˴˼е㲻˼
㶼ˣΪҲ
߳˵꣬Ҷ˹
ҶСֵܣ㲻ͻȻðɣ
߳һΪϲӣȻƺҶΪСֵܣֱǸ졣
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ҶæʹԼ
Ҷʦ֣ɽ
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ҶֻȫһҲҲһƶΪͬ
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Х壡
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ԭˣҲƣʮִܳԴݻʣҶʮ֣֮оȻ׵磬ôġ
Ҳһɻ֮ɫȻųҶ㣬Ľļʡ
ģһһ֪ģ⣬һ
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ţԲôˣ
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Уʦ֣ղǸ׳֦ҪҶᣬǲò
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һᣬ߽֮УһҶԳӭӡ
Ԫˣųϣ
Ҷ㹧ľһʮֿ
Ҷ㣬ͻȻɣ
ԪһЦǺǵӣϾɽ˳һЩĺܵ
λܹٺᣬ˶ôأ
Ҷæýܿ췢Լ߳ϣյĺŲˮ
Ǳǻһ
Ԫ˹Ц˴ղ
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ϸ߳ϾȻͳһھ·һƵá
ƾʲôǾͲ
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Ҷ㣬СС񣬲ɾ⣡
Ԫ˴ӻóһӣҶ㣬ȻǼ
ôԣ֮𣡡
ҶæͻȥЩһһϼ޻˵ͶԼ޷ܾ
򿪿ɣҲͻˣ
ԪصЦһ£ƺʮԼƷ
Ҷʮֺ棬ʲôԼִ򿪺ӡ
һɫâ޷˫ۡ
Ʋݣ
ҶһƲҶ㲢İΪųҲõһöǰöȣöֱ㲻ƲݣֻӲݡ
ҵ֪һԽ棬ԽԽѣƲʺ㣬Ʒʣпܾһ˿
ϹʧڷһָϸƲݣһں棬էһһ
ҶĶˣȷʵĶƲа˰ɷ֣Ԫ˴õġ
׼˭ҲûԪôԣȫΪҶ죬֪ҶƲݡ
ڵҩҶ㲢ȱҶȫһͻƵ侳۷ԲԵԪòǺֻܴҶͻƵļʡ
Ǻöϧǲգν޹»
Ҷסջ󣬽Ӻϣ˻Ԫˡ
ͳȥĶջĵ
Ԫ˴һӻصҶת뿪ҶܾĻᡣ
ҶҡͷЦ鿴һĴ𸴣ǲ뿪ˡ
ƳǷ򣬾ƳﴦһɽʮǱĸʱ䡣
ͻȻһ֣ͷĺһץס
ȺҶͻصѧԺȥץ
һŭȴ洫


372 ֻ̽
ϣĸҶЦһվм䣬֪档
Ҷ㣬ǵһģϣϷԸҴӦ㣬ֻҪܸңҳһ飬õҵĵطһľ
վҶ˵Ͼǵһġ
һôˣӦҶСֵܸ㣬ʲô߼
߳ϲ󣬾Ͻȵǡ
ԪԼų϶˵ͷ˵ĿҶϡ
λϣ˵һ䣡
ҶʮֿλϣѧԺоصĵλͬʱ٪޷壬Ļ᲻ټ֣ܳҶҪúõİסץסϵģԺѧԺΪԼ˵˵
˵
ͬʱ˵
ģĿһѾ֪ǲǶ֪ôԪأ˵ûɣ
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˴˶˵ͷĿĶһ
ҽ첻һĴ𰸣ǿ϶뿪ҷǣҲΪҲ֪Ͻ˽Ūûɼλ϶ԵвĿ˵еɣ
Ҷʵʵ˵һ𰸣ǿ϶ưոݣܣǵľ磬Ȼһ֪١
ٴε˵ͷͬҶ˵
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Ҷ㷴ʵ
¶֣֮ɫҶı鲻ѡ
Ҷ㣬֪㲻ƭǣҲ˵ĻҪ֪𰸣ģǾ׳ԣ
ϱ֤׳ԡ
ҶҡҡͷĶ˼룬Ҳ飬顣
ĳֵʱ򣬱ܵķӦпǶ飬飬һУðҲҪõҲ˵ıܡ
Ҷ㲻ǣʵҶǰݲš
ϵĻҹȻţиָĶҶһɸŲе
Ҷ㿴Ѿ޷ͣҪи
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峤ϵȲˣҪе֪
ÿ˶Ҫģ˵Ļ׼й¶ȥ޷£Ҫ׳ԣֻǴӦˣҲŻǣ
Ҷ㲻ðգģһŹԣһεԼһģͻγڤڤĸӦ߲Υ
ⲻʲôǿԴӦ㣬ûȫϣǲ׳ԣڽ˵ĻǵȻһ͸©ȥ
ⶼʲô飬Ҳ֪ҶΪǺãŻдһ˵ǻȥ֮׳ԣ׵ǿֲģ侳֮
оħҶѻҷҲվ̸
˺ܿһģĻ׼κἰ
˶ϣҶüͷ滺
Ԫˣϣ峤ϣ߳ϣǵĸ֮ǰֵ֮ĥ𣿡
Ҷ㵱ʱ׵ϮѧԺʮĿã¡
֪ʱǾڲԶǲҿһͻ⵽׵Ϯпܷɻ𣡡
˵ʵʱ֮ĥѾγһ˿ɫ׵磬ͨ׵ķ룬˵ǣʱԺҿ
ʱһ׵ҵ壬һ˿׵洢ˣкı죡
Ҷ֮ѡǣΪԼĵ·˿ԸƣŻôᣬһ飬Ҷı⡣
һ֮ɫ
˵ģǼٻ㣡
ѹҶղ˵׳ԣΣգȻģͬʱŸмҶ㣬ԭҶΪ룬ҶĿеĵλһ١
֪Ҷֻһ˳ˮĻ֪λθ룬Ҷܹ֮ݣǲô֪
Խ׵õĶԽӲϧҶ㵱Ȼãʱ˵ԵҶһ顣
ܿ죬϶¶Ƿ֮ɫҶǸ׵жǿɲ׳ԣⱻ׵ֱӻΪҽ
ΣǼˣӦĺôȻ䣡
վӣԼóӣһ׼ˡ
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Ҷ֣һȥҶоԼջܶˣõλҶΪֵˣ˶ҶԼھΡ
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һҶĻǸ֪һѾ侳ڣݻǶĽ
Ȳı飬Ҷ΢΢һЦָһ㣬ĵ֣ûü֮УһЩķš
ЩŲʲôĶҶĥģŻҶ㿪ʼһЩãԼĥһķ
ķʱڤ֮δƣֲеȱλʲôõĽ飬໥һ£ķƣ
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Ԫ¶֮ɫֱĶҶ㡣
кܶ಻ĵط뼸λ϶ָ㣡
Ҷǫ˵һ䡣
̫ǫˣݱ죬Ƕ޷Ǹʰ·磬һȣǸоЩ궼ȥˣ
ϾȻԼҶ䣬ſҶѵԼķĵز
ڴ֮ϥ£ЩϢ
ҶҲһʱ֮ͬʱ˫ĿҶĸܵǵĻ˲١
һǱ񣬸кܴĹϵԽǿ򵽵ĶԽ࣬ҲȲҶԭ
Ҷ㣬һ
ͬʱ˵ȻԪأܵõƪڤ֮ѾʮָˣԼԤϡ
һڴ棬һҹ
ҹ˲߲ݣоķϵļ룬Ҷķڲƣ¶
Ļ߻Ҷ㣬Ͼķʱ䣬ҶоԼĻﵽ侳۷壬һܿ侳ڡ
ϣջҲǷǳĴÿһǳʼıǣԪ˵ĻֱӴﵽ۷Բһˡ
Ҷ㣬лݶǼסˣлһúõ̽һ
ʱ˿̣ҲûаҶ㵱һӣһͬһ໥оһ̽гֵ⡣
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֮ãЩ˶侳Լ侳ܴѧܶණ
Ҷðɣ˼άϸʲԷ⣬ܶණһǴ۽磬һЩطҶ˵֮󣬱ûȻʣǸá


373 ػ
ҶԽ٪޷壬˲ϸлУҶص٪޷塣
ʮĵӣÿһ˶¶η֮ɫԽԽ͸Ҷˣʮϻ߸ϣңɼ쳹׵߸ǵ˼άĴϣҶޱȿе㹧ά

صɽ壬Ҷһ㽫Ǽˣڿ徲
Ҫȥһˣǿɽ壡
ҶϢһ£׼뿪٪޷塣
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ʱʮ˶Ҷѷ洫ӣɱǰʮʥӵһ˶·磬ĴϵʮֹάЩҶѾ洫֮㡣
뿪٪޷壬ҶȥһͥԺһЩѣų۸ȥ
ҶĿ꣬һϵҩ鵤ڶȥѰҹڿռƬϢ
ǰֻ·Ҷ˫£ȥҩȥ顣
ǵ۵ӣҪȥҪõͬУѧԺֻе۲еػ
ҶΨһʶ˾ѩҪõػҶֻҵѩ棬ܲܰ赽ػ
ۣ·ϲٵӼҶ㣬ͿȲ˵ϲʶƾҶ洫ӷΣǾ͵Ĺ
λʦܣһ£ѩʦ㣬Ӧĸߣ
ѧԺޱȾ޴Ҷ֪Ҳֻһͳλãܶطδȥۻǵһ֪渴ӵĵκ
ΪеػĹϵʮֲȶԽʱʮֲ򣬺·
ѩʦ㣬ҶˣҴȥʦӦڻ
ʮֿҶ㳯Զһɽȥ
˴һʱ䣬ҶоܵԽԽߣֻһЩֵˡ
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ڷǱͲֵǮˣҶ˽⣬ѧԺĳɽһСͺɳĺʯ㹻άѧԺʹá
Խǰɽ壬ԽԽŨҶӶͷϿʼðܼ֣Ҷ㽫ûرĸо
ɽ¶ˣҶ㿴һĽÿһһԲΣ񸲸ĳ档
Ҷ֪ÿһֵĽ涼ǵػڣԽߣ֮ԽŨ
ʦֻ֣㵽ˣǺĵ˵Ҳܲסˣѩʦڵ棬ȥӦҵ
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лˣһСС⣡
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Ϊ½˻ѡޣβҲһЩ߼ãٶȿ϶Żܶࡣ
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νбףȻʱ䣬ĺôܻô鵤ҩܿʵ
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ѩ˵꣬رʯţҶ㡣


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ҲҩܣԷźܶҩҩһźѧʣЩҩڷһϸɷݸҩԡ
ڶܽҩ׶ΣҩѡĲã󽵵Ĺ̡
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ҩҶڷųһЩҩõ˴ȻɿˣҩԲδʧȻʹãҪǿĸйȥֱÿ궼ҩ
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ҶȣޱǿӲһУһ޳ˣ֪׾ֻͷһޡ
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Ѫ˸оԼжʧȥˣͷŵϢĽѹԭء
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޵õҶ⣬һƳ˺ɨȥ侳ԴݻһУ˵侳
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䣡
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ҶЦһѾʧΣħĲֻһΡ


375 ķ
һݲϣҶһһҪٴʧܣħˣռħĲϣҲһġ
磬ÿڵʱԥƵҩɻԥһԥͻը¯
дǰ֮пҶƺЩԥôϣųѡ
Ҷϸϸһ飬ԼЩطԥˣŵʧܡ
Ǽ
Ҷ˸һ˿֮⣬ʧΣڴҷħֻһֵҩѣʵڲУѰұİ취
аŮҶ㴦ҩһЩɷֲҩȫ޳󾫣κʣһͻᵼ¯ҩϡ
ҶǲٿصػһīɫĻӵ´ܳľȫת
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еڶҩĳɷںһ𣬲ܳκβĸںϣĸںϣѧʴˣԵһҪɹ̫ѡ
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֪УҶ˲٣Ѿ˳ʦˮƷ쵤ҩӦƳƷҩһЩѶȡ
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Ҷʦ֣ҹȥһˣ
ѩƺ㲻ǺףԸ񲻺кܴĹϵѩͣ׷ͬüأ༫Ըģһ˵ɱܴ
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ͣ
ڴʱһЦ֣ҶǻһߣһͶЦˡ


376 ǬԪ컯
ֳʮƽ˵ʱû˲죬ƫƫʱҶ¶Ц⣬ֳƽЦĴ̶
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ŸͣҪ˻ᣬݺݵĴһҶ㡣
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ĿԽԽҶӢϣҶȻܺãһֱôţеܲˡ
ڶʦ˵ֲʱҩ˶ֽţǹأ˸첻ȥƣʦҪܰɣ
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ʼҲû˵֪ԭֻǲϣʦ󵼴Ұˣ
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Ҷʵ֪һЩղŸаŮֻǰҲȷϣҶҲ붪ۡ
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ҶһӣʵǬԪ컯Ҷ㻹Ĳ֪ǰиԼҶҲǲ֪ЩҩǬԪ컯ĲϣϾҶԽɫĻٷ֮һ
Сֵܣһ˵
Ҷߵһߣʮأٴȫ⣬Ҷֻ˵һ仰Ϊι˴ķӦҩή˸Ӵš
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˵˵ֻҪҵϣζҩҵĳŵȻЧ
еȲϽҶſоԼʧ̬ˡ
֮ʱΪһҩܺľʱ䣬ҲѰ󲻵ʱǾͷ˸ҩҩҩһܷӳ
԰꣬ϺңҸ֮ǰЩҩή⻹ҪϾЩ޷øġ
ҩڿήͻ꼰ҩŪ⼸ʮҩȫҪ
֪ҩݽߵԭ򣿡
Ҷ̬ȼֱþݣһ˵Ҷǳ
һһ٣һޱ飬һϲаֱ仯ѽЩӸˣ˵ˣϵıޱ
ղŲ˻ҪҶôڵãҶôǳ
ˡֱԣ㽫滨ֲһ𣬾Ļˣ
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һܷܷѧӣһֱǳҶ㷢ʣ֪һһѯʹҩ⣬Ц󷽡
ǹôΪ˵ΪʦֻҪ֪ʶԨûκιϵ
滨˼壬ǻҩģʮָң滨ĵطлԪػɵɽ忿ػ𣬵ʺϻ滨
Ҷ˵ָŻ滨ֱһɨһɻ֣ҪݽߵĻݺܿʢҶûһ
˵ͷҶû滨ȷʵҡ


377 Σ
Ҷ˼һ߹ȥ
ݣҩᣬ˵ҩӦֲʪĵطԽĵطԽãƫƫ滨ֲһֽȻͬ໥ּܼ꣬ң
Ҷָ㣬Ҳ˵˵ǹıͻȻһˣԼô󣬾Ȼûзôͼ⡣
ԭˣˣû뵽׾ȻԼҶСֵܣлĴ͸棡
̾Ϣһԭҩݽߵԭ׷׻ԼӦýԲͬҩһ
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ҶҪʧһ꣬۽ǳ˳飬ǻѪôϵһţ˭ﶼܡ
ˡֱԣԥ˵ҩҩᲨʱʧһҩô򵥣
ҶȽأԥȥŶסˣпܲҩ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦǶˣ͸һ飬мֵ
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ʱһ̵ѧӣÿ鶼ҪҶ㣬˵ݳ׵ˡ
ҽϳݣΪ֮㣬ǰ滨ɳΪݵԭݣһ꣬滨ȫ죡
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֢ҵˣ˭Ҳ˵Ҷſڴƻƣʧһ̣滨ǾܸˣҶ˵ľ࣬û˸һɡ
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ҶóҩҶӻþúܶҩź鵤֮󣬻ʣһЩǺܶ࣬˪һҩ
˪ֻһöҶӣ˪ϸȥⲢ˪һְɫӣԣÿֲݡ
Ҷ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣն飬ҼסˣԺʲô龡ңҲ˵κ鶼ܰ쵽һ᲻һΪȥ죡
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Ҷ˵ͷõ۹ĳŵݶֵҶԺҪػĵطܶ࣬ԵҶ˵ǰһԼֻǽһЩ֪ʶ˵˶ѡ
ˣǰһмҪ
ҶȻһʮֿӣӹһ飬Ҷ㻹ǫǫӵģ
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ҩ֮󣬹á
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ΪҶҪʲôҩҶѰһõʦת̬ȣҪΪҶƵҩ
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ѩеįоҶԽԽԶתӣɽȥ
Сӣѩе㲻˰ǲˣ
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Сӣҵ˵һ䣬ȻҪҲҪ֪ģ½е檺㲻Ҫ︺ܵõŮı¡
Ҷ֪Ҷ֮ˣȻϣ˺Է
ȿȣ˵Цˣ
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Ҷ뿪ƴ򿪣˭Ҳ޷ˡ


378 Ի
һ·֮ϣҶмӣ˲̸һЩ֮ϢҶǴͣܶණҶ˵Ѱپһʮ˵
ҶڴҲֻ֪ʶȻܶ࣬һЩ֪ʶҲֻǰսɫܡ
Ҷ㣬㲻ţǵţûȤǵۣұ֤ҵԴʹã
뺯ϣҶܼ뵤ۡ
лĺ⣬ʵڵ˵жһģؼе̬ȣ
ﲻҪһɽǰûļ飬һҲͽͣпɽա
˵ûؼ̬ȣҪͬ˳̫࣬䣬ֻ̬ȣܶ඼Ѱ̼Ѱ֣ɵΣʱڿʼѣ
ʮͬҶĹ۵㣬Ҫһǰһ˿νˮۣˣҲһ
һʱ䣬˺ܿߵɽۣ֮ĻŨȣҪɽвŨ
۲Ҷ㣬ȫûһ˿Σƺûкʯļٴθ߿Ҷһۡ
һ洫ʮѰҪԪֵҶ㿴Ƶһ·̸֮Цδʲôرĸо
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Ҷ㣬ǵõңƽʱֻҸλɣʲôҪᣡ
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鼮ۿǸйأԴȡһЩ飡
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ҶҲоˣľҲ侳ڣһǳѡ
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ҩĻǴԭΪֵģǵҩãÿһֵҩãʱһö쵤ҩҪƷҪΪ쵤ҩʺԼ
鵤ΪȽϷƷҩԪܰ侳ΪҪ鵤˺ܶ࣬쵤ҩ
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Ҷ㣬ˡðһ䣬ҪʲôҩĻҿ԰ƣĻҾͲˣҪʲôϣмңԼȥѡϣ
ʮֺ棬Ҷ㵽ҪʲôҩҪѧԺõĵػ
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Ҷ֣صӣȻ֪漰һЩܡ
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Ŷ˵
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û뵽ҶҪ󣬵ȤҪ֪ҶҪʲôԼ
鵤
Ҷһһֵ˵ıһסˣ׻
˵ʲôѵƷҩ鵤
ѧʶȻǿ󣬾Ȼ鵤Ĵڡ


379 鵤
ɴ۾Ҷ㣬ƺ֮лδָе㲻š
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Ҫʲôȫòҿ棬侳Ѳס㣬ر꣬Ѿ侳ȫԽ侳
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ʱϢţҶ㿪ʼȫʪ͸ȫ·һʪ͸ĵطѱɡ
ҩҶһ˿룬ľγ˷ĩ̬Ҷ׼еڶ衣
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磬ҪԼˣڵҰʲôһпַӡǷϣ
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ţص«ϢȥɣԼ
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ʱȥˣҶȫʪ͸ˣҺˮԪԴԴϲҶ㣬ǵ͹Ʒҩʱ޷Ƴɹ
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380 ҩ
֮ڣҩ֣ʱƣҩζԽԽŨңҶ˿̣ȫʪ͸
鵤ҶʱûͣЪͣĽӡעѾ͵鵤֮С
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۹Це˵δҴҶ㡣


381 ħ
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ӽҶʮ췢ϸϸ˵һ顣
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ҶһһʮһǱҶЩͻƼޡ

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ڤڤ֮УҶѾоһΣ֮ĸо·ĳֶϣ˲һ˿
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Ҷ˽ˣ׼ʮֳ֣ҶݲԼаһпܱħű塣
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ǿҶŰҶܷһʹֱ࣬ʹļޡ

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382 
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˭ҪһҶ㣬ƶ©װֹ壬ЩŰ硣
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ħֱҶ󣬵߸֪ҲݻҶ׻
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383 
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Ҷһ㶣ԭΪԼҪԼᣬԼˡ
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ĵʱѩͻȻ֣˼̸ҶҲڣѩıе㲻Ȼ


384 Ż
ѩͻȻҶ̸֮
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ҶʦܣҪվʮ֮⣬ⱻ壡
ʱʵǱ黹ԣԵ÷ǳׯأǰƸĹкܴĹϵʱܿһ˵Ŀ
Ҷ˵ͷʱҲգԶԶĿȥʯмʯһݵӣƤͷԪ壬ҲΣĽ׶ΣѾо
óɴԼϣѩҲһҶŷ֣ɴȻһֵܵ롣
ߵʯԵҴֻĬĬᡣ
㣬Ǹô죬Ͽʼ׾һֱȶѾоˣ
ѩǻˮֹס
Ƕ˳ѧԺʮǰ׳ȥһˣ֮󣬾ӣӴԺ˵ͯ궼Ǵʹжȹ
Ϊܽ⸸֮ѩȻ֮·ϣҵжԭ򣬽
ʲôã޸׾ܻ𣡡
һֱ䣬Ϊ㣬鲢ѩܶ٣ܵĸ࣬Щһֱĵףж֪еʹࡣ
һŭ⣬ѩ޵ķˡ
úݵģ׻Ϊ㣬еľ綾ײɭ֣Ϊ⿪ϵ񼲣ôжôһɾʮ꣡
ѩһԭأ֪˵ʲô˼һӱʮ֮ǰ
ʮ֮ǰѩаʮǰ񼲣޷ֻɭһܻϵĶ񼲣ĸðսɭ֣ɵˣҲܾ綾Ӵ˻Բѡ
ֻм֪ѧԺûм֪Ϊĸױչˣ磬չؼʮ̫ˡ
ҲΪ飬ܳ޷ܵʹ࣬ΪŽɭ֣ЩһֱЦ棬ʹֻ࣬жһ˵ʱ򣬲Ż¶
ɭҶҲ˵ɭ֣侳ȥһȫˣĸײȥˣɵϧҲ˾綾
Ҫ˵ˣ
ͻȻеίһȫйʮܵʹಢκ٣öࡣ
ϻҪάֹʵӣ֪Լж飬ﻹҪܶԸ׵ΣҲж˫ؼ尾Ҳ֪Щôġ
ŵҶˣʱеͬãһΪ˸ףͶ֮У磬ŮӼ٣Ϊ˸ףѩҲѡ뵤ۡ
ȻûͶ֮УЩһ٣ĴѰ鵤ҩΪԼĸ
ʶһɨʶʯ̽ȥһ͸Ǿ߽ӽʬ壬ʶȥ֮Ҷ˴ĿĵһĻܼʮ꣬ѾǸ漣
ڲһƬ꣬һЩˣòǻһ˿֧֣ʧ
侳ޱǿһ֧ʮ꣬ҲһĵطҶ꺣ֻ꺣ֻмСһطһĻ֣ӣϨĸ׽᳹
ڻʱܱɵֻʱѡ
Ҷ֮Ѵﵽ˰ٶֵĵزȫ£ÿһѪⶼɸԪ϶ɣҲô˵Ҷڿ̬
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ᣬҶִʻ
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Ҷüͷһ壬ⶾԾȻѲһʮְԵ
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ڳһ꣬ҶаŮͨǼʶȽ϶࣬Ҳ֪һЩߡ
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ҶֻҪһ𰸣ΪҶԼǷѩһ飬кʵĻᣬԽˡ


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Ҷ㣬ǰʲô飬ൣһЩѩ˵ĶԣôЩ꣬ΪʲôҲûֻҪܾȻҸӴԺҶˣ
ҧ˵ƺһľж˵ʲôԸ⡣
ѩһ˿㵣û뵽˵ĻΪ˾ȻףϧίΪҶŮˣŮ˲ƽȵģĸԸԸΪҶκθ
ʦˣһᾡȻֻܷɹҲȷ
Ҷ㱻˵Тĸжˣʲô¹Ҷûȥ롣
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ѩ֪ҶĹϵѾǷҶһ飬Ƿһ
֪ΪʲôҶ˵ȫţɣҲôȥˣһ˿ССϣҲϣǶҩֻҪܾȻףҲһԡ
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˺ܴҧ㴽ĶҶ㣬һһֵ³
Ҷһͷߣе޸˶ĸоԷȻҶֳ֮Σ֮λᣬǽöǷ֮롣
ٴλصʯݣҶߵǰֱۣһīɫӳˣӣ淢ѿľԪأⶾʴⶾ˺
һˮԴ飬׵ΪһȪ棬ϴ۹ϡͶ
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ڴϣҶԵľ壬ϵλãĲʵԼ˵ֶΣҪŷ

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ڼҶ㻨һǧöƷʯʮԪ鵤ŽȹֲҶԺĵ·ԽԽã
ž粻ҶԴﵽһֲԼоľ
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ҶһΣ㲻ײײһ˿˿϶ԼҲĪĺô


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Сĸھӵĺ棬һм˺ƺƵ뿪޳ǣȥ
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394 Ǵ
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395 Ƕ
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һǶҪϳֻӮܣ˭ˣ֪ڻˣ
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ʮǶʿĺһսִǵﺰ죬Ҷ㶼ȾЩϵɱ¾̫֮ء
һսǲ˹ҵ˭Ҫսʤ֣ԻɣõҶ⽱ͣͷΪӾƺţ
ٴ׳һըЩǶʿ൱ūһûκɣǵ˴ӳһ𣬾ͷ׸˽Ƕ
ĻᣬʮɢŨҵս⣬սԼҶ
Ƕʿʮֲ̣һЩĺͯСץӽҰһÿҰһʳһҰһ
ֹÿҰʳҪҰ޲ҪȥҪϵɱһѪ·ʮǶʿһǴѪ֮߳
һߣ޷ǽ֣ᱻȫɷƣͬУ޵С
ʮ⣬һ۶ʮǶʿҶˣΪҶ㿴һӣЩþɳĽǶʿȣֱһΡ
ܺãǵʱ̵ˣ
ܵ˶ʮ˵ļɱ¾֮ĵ˵ͷҪľЧ
ѪɵĴ̼öʮǶʿ׷ˣȭͷݺݵĻǽڣйֱ
һҰްëȻҺҶǿ󣬶Ѽֲˡ
ǿ쿴ˣ
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396 ѪȽǶ
ڹֵһ̣Ƕ׷ڣϧɴڵסףһͷɫģտɫ˫ۣ˷

ǶͳһĿںţ󺣵ŮҲǲ˹߿ޱȵ
ţһȺ˳֣ǵǴӣӣ׼õλϡ
ĵվڼ˹󳼣ֻмŮһԡ
ǵ֮ԼӮþҪ޵ǵǻң
Ǻ񲻶ɨ亣޷صе֮⣬¶һ˿ĵƲԴǶ
ǻֶȻȣȻԼжʮǶʿֻҪȫӮˣȻӦ
ЦЦ۽Ƕʿ˭в˹ǿкĺš
κһ˶ܳΪǶʿʵø侳ĽǶʿѱ
ǶԲΣ෽λڣֱ˫Ƕʿͨͨդ赲ǶʿͻȻ
ڽǶܣ׵ʿֳֳìһվԭأΧһȦӣд̻
ξǲϣΪ˹Ŀ䣬Ȼʸ񣬿һʱ䣬ʱˡ
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ŲϵĻһ䣬ǶʱޱȵİȴǶʿĵ
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һҰްŭˣǴӲ˹߳ڴһӳ֣ϵļһýԼ
ޱŨɱ¾֮ǶͳĺǴ﷢
ʱһĳҲ߳һӣ˿ڲ˹߽Ƕʿһļ˫ȭϣײ
һƺеʧĸоڿǴӽƻЦݣһȦףԼȻһƵˡ
رǺǻҵĽǶʿ֮һ˿įƺʲô
ǶʿȥǶٴηڣ˻źﴫȥ֮⣬Ҳһ
Ҷ徲ֻʣԼ԰ĵۣͻȻźѹʶһɢȥܸӦǶĳ
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ڲ˹ЩǶʿҶѼʶǵȻǿ󣬵ǸǰǻҵĽǶʿȣԶ
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˫վӸԵ֮Уܿ񱩵ɱ⣬ҪһȭԷɱ
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ԣȻҲη壬ɹֻһ֮ң˭Ҳ޷ģѡǰ̤һ
Ҳһ̤ȥǰǿׯҲԨ
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䣡
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ʵڲ˼ЩǶʿȽϲ̣ҪѪΪ̼ɱ˹ǶʿԸ⳥
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դٴ𣬵Ƕʿ


397 Ҷս
ѪĴֹ̼ǵǻҵĽǶʿҲ̼ڳۿˡ
Ҷ㾲ĿţÿһܲҶʶĻѴﵽ侳۷壬ֱڡ
ǧ׾һһƿ֮УҲǻǶʿǿһѡ
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Ȼת䣬ͬʱأ໥ȭͷһ㣬ڱ˴˵ϣ
ʱ䣬뾲ֹǶʿͻȻˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô顣
ȴмһվһ˻һƺˡ
𣡡
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ʮˣ
ʮˣ

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ҵĽǶʿ԰ɣ˿Ȳ˹ҵĲǲ˹ңòһܿǵǻҵĽǶʿʵڿϧˣȫһȼĽ
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Ҷդ뿪ˣҶ㿴мҵ޾ѪԽԽҡ
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ǻҵĽǶʿױŭɱʮˣķǳĴţ˫ĿĵǰԶĲ˹Ƕʿ
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Ҷüͷ΢壬ǻҵĽǶʿֱͲ࣬޸飬ɱ¾ɱΪ֡
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죡
ޱȵĿ죬һȭУǻǶʿһ
վǶĿõǻҵĽǶʿ
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ǻǶʿ޶ãȭͷԼ۾һŴûгֵĴ㡣
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ǽǶʿ﷢˻Ƶûż֣ɨܣ˶ͣǶ˲ƽ
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ǽǶʿȭͷȻ˲˹ҽǶʿȭͷ

ǶʿĲҽͷ˻󱬡
ֳѻȸû뵽Ľ֣һҲ޷սʤ֡
޷ܵǣǻҵĽǶʿŲ˹˵棬ݺݵŰ˹Ƕʿ衣
ܿ죬ķ߿ǴˣָǻҵĲ޵
ܵǴǴ޶ãʮܣԼĽǶʿһ·նɱ泩

һҽУǻ˲˹Ƕʿ֡
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ķһŭ
ǴӰ˰֣ĵǽǶʿˣȭһɨһǶʿţԴˡ
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˭ںڰĵұһһҹͻȻǿⶼ᲻Ӧ
ݵӦʱҶͨ˳ű⣬ҡҡͷʮԶ

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㲻ĳɣôһǶʿ
Ҷ㲻Ͽ࣬ȳƣûиһļ⣬Ǹ¡ĵطԲǰȥġ


398 Կ
ǴӵĳŪҶ棬һƳҶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ת濴ȥÿĿ⳯Ҷ㿴Ŀڿ
Ҷ˵ͷʱʤҶ㲢ûм˹ϴ̸в赲ƾоҶ֪ǿеĲ˹
Ҷ峺񣬿ʵݣӿǿҵİȫУָо·ڿҶһְ̣ȫͻȻˡ
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ᣬǽǶʮƽ⵭ڳÿһ˵Ķ
ǽǶʿȻϥ£ֱָ˼飬ҶʲôǽǶʿӡ
ֱƾѪֱ֮߳Ҷֵһ̣ǽǶʿȻоΣıܣҰ޶Ԥе
ԼĽǶʿϥ£Ǵ¶֮ɫȻ֪ԼǶʿҲ֪ΣԤ
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˶ȭͷһ磬ĸһ㣬УӰ쵽˵ߡ
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һȭһȭҪǰǿһԲ׵ĵط⵽˽ռ䣬ǽǶʿ˿ֲĵز
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ͳһĿںţӻʼҽǶȥʮ֮⣬Բʮﶼһ
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ҶĿ˵Ǵӵƣ¶һ˿ЦԭֻּܶɣǴӾȻǶʿɱԼ
⳹ŭҶ㣬ΪԼǹѺһǶʿȲѣҶôڲ˹ҡ
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ҶԼˣҸα˼Ҷ㿡ʵݣ峺ûһ˿а֮ɫ
Ȼڻԭ϶ԼˣҶ㲢ûʲôа㺣ܸܵĳԲŸҶҸ棬뿪˹ҡ
ڷԼ飬¶ΥЦݣһɻ֮ɫתһϲ
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Ҷһ䣬ǻһĻߣ촽΢΢̣һ飬ŮļС

߿ų֣ϣҶܴǻҵĽǶʿ
һǣҶʧԭأȭͷ֮ϣһ㵭Ĺԣ׵֮
Ȼʹ似ǲʹԪ֮
ڵǻҽǶʿȭͷҪҶʱҶһƶҸ˹ȥһȭнǶʿҸ¡
飡
޴Ȼջɡ


399 ޾Ѫ
ǻҵĽǶʿȣҶļֱСĿСģҲ֪˶Ǵʱ˵
ӵǽǶʿҸӹһȭû߲һȭҶٶ߳ɵǶʿ

߸ڿлһߡ
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Ƕʿ洫һЩͷҶϡ
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ǶʿŭˣȻӵžʹһͷҰޣҶ㲻ž˫ȭһҪҶıס

ҶЦһȻվԭزЧ¸ղǶʿһλɱ˹ǶʿĳɶԷȭͷԼ
˵ĶᵽɤϣΪҶ㵣ģҲΪҶ⣬ѵӦóʤ׷ԷΪֹ
ʱݲ뷨˫۽ĿŵǽǶʿҶԽԽ˵ĶˣоͰ
һĿҶϣҶϿκα鲨ڻԭһģһ
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ڵǽǶʿҶʱҶʮָͻȻðӲָףһȻ˿ռ䣬һɨǽǶʿĸȥ
ͣ
ƳҶֱƿǶʿı㣬ѪȪһϵ
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ҶȷǶʿǱ޾Ѫǵǿʮָһ壬Էദ

ŵ޾ѪҶ˫ͻȻɳɫ·һ޹ʮֲֿ
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ȲҪ˵̫磬ǵǻǶʿҪȫսʤſԣ
ڵǴ˵һ̣ǱߵդһӿӳˣҪҶ߳ӣҪȸղɱǶʿҪ߳һԴ
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ر֣ţֻҪҵţа취Ƶ
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ӲʳʱһֱǱ︽ĵȴںʵʱһ
ƶǶʿڿģҶԵĸо½
Խߴ󣬶ҲǶأһʱȥˣҶһֱǻڽǶʿ
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üͷһ壬ȻͬҶ̵ַҶȷʵ˲˹ҵΣҪԼˣǺ׵񣬺˼ǲҪ취Ҷ㰲ȫ뿪˹
Ǻһ֣դ𣬵Ƕʿ֡

ڳֵһ̣ǶһĿ磬һҶǰ
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һˣһĿľȢ˹˵ɨ˵ǻҵ档
ҪǣǻǶʿ˶ѪԴеļ޾ѪħŵõģоһôǿߵŻЩѪˣǴӷǳʹ
ȥһ⵽ʳͷǻҿɲֹһӣȻǴӣһ²ǶʿһȺʱܱܲסӵͷζδ֪
һֻʤܣˣǺû·
֪ܲйؼΪһ֮ڻҵκ˶Ϊ˹ҿ͸ֵ֮֮ɱԲƫһżûȨ֮
һεǺƳ˹Ҫ˹һϧһдۣҲõ˹еĺ庣ı˭
еĶ䵽ҶڱŭıԵһ˲伤Ҷɱ֮⣬־ܳһ˿ƣκμ̤־Ҫõĳͷ
䣡
Ƕʿƶ˲Ҷߣһȭŭˣ󺣣ÿռ졣
ǿľҪȸղŵĽǶʿǿһ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬СӦս
һܣҶ㻹ǸоȫģԷȭ紵
ǶʿһŤһ㣬ƶٶޱȣ˿Ҷ
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Ƕʿһ֣ǰ沨˹ʮǶʿһҲһ˶֡
Ȼˣҽͳ׷ſֽţͷԼ
ҶҲƵ˷ϣһζĶܲǰ취һǶʿһյʱ䣬ҶȻûҵһ˿Ҳ˵ûߡ
ȻˣҶһӲӲԼļޡ
ֳɵĲοҶ޼ɵͷ
˶ȭͷٴϮһҶûѡܿ˫һţ屬ȥһȭӭȥ
𡭡
ҶȫڣΪҶȲʼͣ


401 Ƕʿ
ֳˣҶķһȼԭʼѪĴ̼
ҶͻȻò벻ΪҶһֱζȡʤ
䣡
һɽ˵ݺݵײһȭݺᣬϳƣȥ
飡
ûͣݵķֿ֮ٴײһ𣬸ⲫײ֡
һⲫʢ磬һĴϷÿһײη־塣
һľҶʮÿһȭԼϣ͵õ˴
ҶȻԼһҪϴĥܼԡ
ȭݺ£Ҷ嵹˳ȥȫͷһλһٴλصԭء
飡
ȭȭҶܶԷһȭҲһȭػ
ܳܶȭҶڵһʱصԭأһȭǶʿ
ֳĬˣҲףҶ浽Ǳʲô˶ľȭˣԽսԽ£ҶƣȻǵͷ
˶⣬Ҫ⣬ֻҪ;ͿˣһĶǵľ
ˮȻΪҶ㵣ģǺǿˣȻ˰ԣϵıɣڲϻصԭء
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޾Ѫ̼Ҷ񾭣ҪʳԷһУرǶԷ޾ѪҶʮֿҪɡ

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Ƕʿɣϣ˵ֿ԰ּ£һֳ
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ĸܵӶԼ̬ȶ˱仯
һǻϣȢ˹Ҫô˻ᣬһµǻҵǿ
͵ʴףǶʿҲûɣȥ֮һᱻӹһΪŮˣ¹ܵ
ǻֶûǿĽǶʿνǶǲ˹ʤˣ
á
û˵վӣת뿪ߵʱٴοҶһۡ


402 ͷӾ
ʼҽǶǻ塢廹ƽ񶼿ʼ룡
ǻֶһڻӸдȺϣǻֶܹ٣
ãѾԸȥϣȺ
ҶȻվڽǶӿʮ޾ѪٶȣԽԽǿҶоĥ۵ٶҪϺܶ࣬ʮȫĥ
ʼҽǶһĽ䣬͸ɱ߻ʮһҲÿҶɱǶʿһĻ
СʵԽԽǿˣǱҪץʱ䣬콫׽Ҹо۸ʧȥϵ
ҲǸߵĹ˵
ΪСеͷ˵ûκα飬¶ɭ񣬿Ҷ㡣
λӣ룡
һ׵ʿߵҶǰһڡ
·ɣ
Ҷ֪ԼɱǻǶʿѾ˲˹ҵӡ
ʿһûд洩ǴһͨҶ뿪ʼҽǶ
𾴵ĿˣǼ˷Ըԡ£һڴȥ
ʿҶһʮֻĹ棬ʮŮŮվһţм䣬ڷһ޴ľͰѷˮ
Ƕȥɣ
Ҷ㻹ϰôŮ˷Լϴ裬ϾҶʮ꣬ʮŮԼϴ裬ˡ
ʿ˰֣ʮŮȫ˳ȥҶһˡ
Ƕ뿪Ҷȥۣ¶㼡⣬ʮֽ׳ʮ˵޾ѪҶﵽ˿ֲĵز
ϴаʱʱ䣬Ҷ㿪ʼҳһɾĳ۴ϣԵþӣһԽüֱεݷŵĺ󣬲ǿ׳壬һǿҵİȫС
𾴵ĿˣǼҵѾȺʱڿԳ𣿡
ʿһֱ𾴵ĿǣϵĳҶʩ
߰ɣ
ҶҲҪ֪˭ôûʵĹҲǹ壬ǻˡ
ͥԺҶ·Դﻨ㣬ֹŮУڲæµ
ֹ
ߵһԶҶ㱻
ƣ
ʿæӻóһöƣסҶڡ
룡
ܿУҶʿ̤һ޴Ĺ棬мǧƽСѾвش
𾴵ĿˣǼҵϾ͵ڿԽȥˣ
ʿҶ͵⣬һƣҶԽȥˡ
һۣһ޴ʢᣬٹ޳ҲŲ˹ʵĸ߽űӣζϺɫҺ壬Ʒʹõļ
˵ͷҶ֮У֮֮һֱҶߵĵ·κλ֮УܺܿӦҲûйѡֻһһ
ֻҪۻûĥҶʹڱ֮УڲҪǣҲҪ˹
ǵʿˣҿ컶ӭ
Ҷ̸ֹ߽ͣһҶ߹
Ůһ߹ЩṫͶѺõĿ⣬ŮͶĽ
Э󳼣ʿĳƺţ
һʮҵߣҶʩһ񣬹ʵ
Ҷ㣡
ҶʮɻΪЩ˶Լ˿ǻش˶Է
ҶʿѾȺʱ
˵ӵ֮£Ҷ߽ۼĻǲ˹ͷˣ˴ֺõЦݣҲ˴Ųмı顣
Ǵӵ
ڴΧҶʱ˾ǴӴӲӸ֮С
˲䰲ֻм˹ȥӭӣΪЭ󳼣ϵĶҪġ
ӭǻӣ
ҲЦӭǴ
Ҷҵһ۵ĽϲգǴӽ֮һɨҶϣһɶ񶾵ɱֱҶ㡣
ܴĿĺ⣬Ҷ̧ͷ¶м֮ɫһߣ˿ûбܻǴӵ
תǴԼĿ⣬һЦеӣҶ˹
λʿʹմ
Ǵӵ̬ת̫ˣ˶ûӦ
Ҷ㣡
Ŀ֮£Ҷ㻹Ǳʾʿӡ
Ҷӣɣ
Ҷ߻һλãǴҲҶͬͬ⣬ֱˣƤģûôġ
Ӹ˲ҿƫƧҲԸ
ûȤǵǻңҿŵ㲮λãҪȲ˹ҸӾλø߳üǧĶҶǧҪһ㣬ֻҪԸ⣬ԳΪǻҵĿ䳤ϣһĴ
ǻҵĿ䳤ϵλǷǳĳߣܵǻһԴִɲ˶ܵõǴӾȻ׳֦
ΪһӦ𣿡
ҶƫԴ˵Ȼź񣬿ϧҶЩ˿ȤҪ׷£ȻᱻһЩ׵ĶԼԼ
ѵЩ
Ǵŵô࣬ҶȻ޶ԡ
Щ⣬ᣬֻҪΧ֮ڣҶܴӦ㣡
Ͼ˶ϲȨϲŮϲɽϲ
ܼ򵥣ΪҲϲ㣡
ҶһǴ𰸵Ĵ𰸣ܼ򵥣Ҷ㲻ϲǴӣϲԽУеȨƺ˶£Ϊ¡
Ҷˣûǿĺ̨綼ᱻ˲ʳ
ҶĻش𣬵Ǵӵ˲ǿѹԼǲ˹ңݲҰ
֪ܾҵĺ𣡡
Ǵһһα˾ܾԭָоڵǻң˭Ҿܾ˭ܾܾһˣһ۶һ۵ˣޱľܾ롣
в𣿡
ҶƲԴ¶һ˿ζЦݣвҶѲ
ݵ
ʱ˾ͻȻӴһ춯˵ӵ֮£ߣǸں档
йԼҵͳͳվվ࣬ӭӻҶҲλվǻҲܱ⡣
⣬һοʽľۻᣬûйεȼҾã
İʾһ£ô⣬Ҫô
պܿ컺ҿʼ̸Ҷ㿴˹ȥֵǴߣ¶һ˿ײЦݣƺ˵ǻӵͼ
ҾһҪһ£
ߵרõλϣʱξۻ˾ٴδ˵
˲ྲҪ֪Ҫʲô
ӭμξۻᣬҲӭǴӹǲ˹һʵĽǶ
Ŀ˵һ
Ҫһ飡ͷνǶھҶΪӾʹͻƽŮʮˣۡһҶ٣
ĵڴͷҶΪӾͷʮŮһۡȻȲϵǻĴҲźˣϾڳ˶ΪҶֻһǶʿĴһɳ졣


403 ԰
˵꣬ҶĿۼҶϣϾǣⳡΪҶ׼ġ
ϲҶӾ
Ѿ˳Ҷ㹧ϲ
Ҷ㱾ܾͻȻתһ룬ֱӽܣԼȱסĵطȳɹ֮취뿪ǣҶ㲻Զ
ܿһҶףأҶֻһһϱʮȻ
֪ôΪ̽һ£
ϴЦ⣬ߵĺ
ʮֲԸվƱҶ˹ȥ
ϲӾƺţ
ûʲô飬һ˫տɫ˫ۿҶ㣬ƺҪκ顣
ˣ
Ҷ㻹һƽı飬ԾյĲ˹ϱûκβ
̸֪Ŀġ
˹ҶжҶ롣
ô򵥵⣬ֻҪе̣ܲ²㸸̽ҵģʰɣֻҪ漰һЩ˽Ҷ㣡
Ҷ㻹һƵӣ˹ԼҶ֪˶Էͼ
ˣ
£˹ҶԽԽȤΪԼûһ˿а֮ɫûһ˿ģ˻һμ
ҲʲôܣҶֱӸ֪ԼѧԺĵӡ
ǲǽ˹Ҿסʱ죬ͻ뿪˵Ŀɶԣ
˹տɫ˫ܲ׽Ҷ롣
Ȼ㶼ˣαʣ
Ҷ㲻ɶԷϾж
ʲôʱ뿪˹
ʵ
֪
ҶĲ֪Լ뿪ȡ۵ٶȡ
ڶܸЩ𣿡
ԭ黹Ŀ˹Ҳ֪Ҷ㱻׷ɱѰ˹ҵıӻһѣû˸ȥѯҶˣ䳤ҲС
Ů̫˲ϲ
Ҷһ˿âԼ鲻֪̫ࡣ
㺦£֪룡
˹ƺ˵ϣһͷɫٲһʹֱӳˣڴʱĥôܵõ
̽Ĳˣ㻹б𣡡
Ҷ㲻Ůߵ̫ԽƯŮԽΣգرִƯŮˣ˺ʧԼ
Ҫ뿪˹ҿ԰㣡
һλʶ
ҶƫԴһ۲˹
ΪΪӾ뿪˹ûҸһ仰뿪˹뿪֮ȥ԰ҡ
˵꣬˹վӣص˺ĵߣ˵ʲô
һֱҹɣר˵Ĵ£Ҷ뿪˹ң˵Ⱥʱ
ӾˣĹܼһأԳƺҵ֣ҲԳƺҲعܼң
һʮҵߵҶǰʮֹľһҽܡ
߰ɣ
ҶԸһ䣬ڻصĴ£һϰˣ׼õĸۡȥ
վԼǰʮŮҶЦãʮ˾Ưÿһǽ𷢱ۣʵͣҪģҪòòҶ㷴ֱʮŮǺĹⰲŵġ
ΪҶֱӵĸоӽ֮ۡҶ͸ȷԼ˼ˣܼһأʮŮһЩһʵ͡
Ψһһ㻹Щ˼ԼҶⲨ˹˵Ҫ뿪˹Ĳô򵥡
عܼңһˣ
ڶ죬ҶûżۣǸоڲ˹Ǻܰȫ
ӾˣкηԸ
صַԼǰҶ
֪԰𣿡
Ҷ˹˵Ǿ仰ƺָҪ뿪˹ҪİſԣҶ㲻ϲ˼ӵĸо
ӾѵҪμ԰𣿡
شɻ
㰲һ£Ҫμӣ˳˵һ԰Ҫ׼Щʲô
Ҷ벨˹һ仰Ҫ뿪˹Ҫȥ԰
԰ᣬҪ˹һĿľھõţʱвٲ˹ſμӣӾҪȥҲݡ
ؼ򵥵Ľ԰ϸ˵һ顣
㰲һ£֮ǳ
԰ڲ˹ʳǣڳ⣬һ֮У鲼洵ֵÿᶼС
Ͼȥ죡
ûʲôɣʮģҶ֮ЩȻмԼĳɷ֣Ƕйоء
ʱ䣬һζ
һ磬Ҷ𴲣ϴ֮߳ӾֻѱηҲûˡ
Ӿˣϳ
˵ͷҶ߽֮С
ʱ䣬Ҷ԰һЩϸڣһΪ裬һǱ֮Ϊ˹Ҫѡ˲ţñ֮һ
ڶ֪ʶһϸ˲ţҪй˵֪ʶ
Ǽԣ˹óʿÿʿҪͨڲ˹ʢС
ʵʵҲǾ磬ǰ涼߱һ˲ţǾ粻ߣ˺
뿪ʳǣʻȥҪС·̡
Ҷ뿪ãһڵӰӴӰ߳
ڵȵˣֻҪǾڰ·ɱ
¶ЦݣʮһҶʱ򣬰·ڰѾˣΪҶѾԶȥ
Ӷӻʳ뿪ǳָȥ
һʱ䣬һǳ֣໹вپУǲ˹ĳӡ
Сֹ֮ͣҶƿǰһ޴֣ٽС
Ӿˣǵˣƣֻ㵽԰ᣬӲܽ룡
óһöƣҶϣ̻һӣ԰ᡣ
ˣ
ӹƣҶ˽ȥ
ȥ֮Ҷ㷢ǳĴ󣬲кܶཨأ䳡أиַ䣬һ޴Ŀ
мһƬ򣬴ʱѾв˾ۼ໥̸Ц
ǿ쿴ǵʿˣ
˷ЦҶ㵽ȻųЦݡ
һССĽǶʿѣƾʲôӾû뵽ֻҲμ԰ᣡ
˲ܶ˶Ÿϻμ԰ģǸ˵˹һ½ӾҶ֮󣬶¶м֮ɫ
ҶƶײǸūרŹ͵ѣھȻһ
̸ۣܵҶ޶ãҵһƫƧλ˿Щ˵ĳ֮
Ҿ˵ɣƾʲôӾλãһǻˣˣôܲμǹᣡ
˱䱾Ҷ㲻˵ΪҶ㺦ˣϵĳֻ̣мĿùҶɱǻҵĽǶʿԱտڲ
ǴǶʿԪС˷ϳҶǿҲֻǽǶʿԭ
´ҿҶ㣬¶֮ɫһ֮ӣСõĻ֮УõõԴҶʲôһǶʿѣһӵԪū


404 ⵽
ܵ˿ӰҶ㣬ԭأĿ˼
磬Сһгӣǲװģ
Ҷ㲻ԶΧһ꣬һ˿ֺõʵ
лȥԲ֪𣡡
û˵һ
ҪȥȥҲŲȥأ
лҲɵӣŲͷ
Ϣ㲻һֱ˵лҿ㶼Ǵ꣬һССӾͷڹ꣡
ӷл
С壬һ֪ǵ˼Ҫȥ̽һ£ôȥ
һһ䣬վмĿüͷһ¡
С壬ȥ
ڲ˹һ֮Уٮٮߣ߲ٸӹߣлСһࡣ
Ȼ˵ˣҾȥһ½Ӿк֮
ķԸС岻ΥΪҸ˹ǧ˿Ƶϵ˼ңǻˡ
˵꣬С˳Ҷ߹ȥ˶̸ֹͣһֵı顣
С壬ֿҪ㣬Ҫǵ½Ӿˣ
˸壬ʱ䣬һĴЦ
Ӿˣ˵սʤǽǶʿʮĽҽС㷢սɸӦս
ܵ壬СֵĺƽߵҶǰһİ⣬Ҷ㷢ս
ʲôʲôʸսң۹Σұߣұһ˵һӦһȶ𣡡
ҶЦһЩͳͳЩ޷ΪԼǽǶʿײ㣬ֻһū˵ǽǶʿŻӾڶ޲Լһš
˵ʲôȻ֪Ҹ׿ǲȻĺᣬ
СŭˣָҶ㣬ŭ
˵Ҷ̧ˣ˵䣬ƨƨߵܹ˵㲻ʲô
Ҷ˵꣬Ƴһ۲Զղ̸֮Ҷһ
úúãһӾ˵ʵ
СȫɱⰻȻȭͷĿ죬ԭսҶ㣬ȴû뵽⵽Էһٳ
ֱ仯ƺ˼ʲô
ڽС廰һ䣬峯Ҷ£˼ʲôطֱӳ֡
⽭СʵǲȻ侳ʵһֲԪҶѹƹ
ҶȻԭأûгֵĴ㣬ȻҶΪûԪԾһװס
һâҶ˫֮бֱֻ̽С壬Ļˮһ㣬ǷԲʮ׵ľ롣

СһԾ廹ͣڰ֮УͻȻһĲҽУӿеҶǰ

СԴ﷢Ĳҽ˫ϲ˺ץܿ죬㿡εֵѪ
ô£ΪνСԼˣʮʹ࣬ʩչʲô
˰ľȫûҶֻǿһ۽С壬߾ʹӿеʮʹ࣬оɱҪܡ
һƺһЩãϾǰ벽侳Ĵڣǿ󣬸ղŸоһɻ
ܲȻͣţϵЦһ̣ٴοҶ㣬һɼɵ֮ɫ
ΪܶΪԼʵ罭С壬ȽСǿһЩʱҲҶ㡣
ʲôˣΪ˳֣
ʱһȳ֣ΪƬ򣬴ҽҶΧм䣬˿淢ʲô
ǹʦ˵ˣμʦˣ
Ͻתӣʩ
СôˣΪڵϰ
Ϲʦλãɲһģ˵һ֮֮ϣÿһ԰ᣬɹʦ֣ѡ˲š
ʦˣСǱ½ӾҶˣҿҶػģһԲϣͳִ˽С壬Ӧý˵أ
˿ʼ״˵СҶˣܵ˿ʼͣͳһھ˵Ҷ˵Сֻ˵䣬ʹ˽С塣
Ⱥ˵ߵڰ׵ĺǿ˵ͷͷǵͲҶһħĳƺš
һУҶҲ⣬Ҳû˵ԭء
ʦҶ㿴˹ȥҶȻԭأԼδе㲻ˣ˼½ӾǻΣʦȻҪҶ߳ܶ࣬ǶҪһЩӡ
Ҷ㣬˵Ŀģ
ʦɫҶʵ
ûҴ˵ģ
Ҷشĺܸɴࡣ
ʦһ㶣ԭΪҶһС»СС»ޣû뵽Ҷֱӣ˿ܻ䡣
֪԰˹ӣҪ⵽ͷģ
ʦһ˿
Ҹʹʦһ䣬԰ӾӦô㣬ݣұȽС߳һңʵĳͷѵʲô𣿡
ҶһЦ⣬ȴһëȻĸоЦݱ󣬰̫Ķ
ʦ˿ȥ˲Լ˫ۣѴŵµ߰˰ˡ
ݵ
Ҷ˵겻ã߽һ֧飬ǲ˹ˡ
ҶҴһӭӹ
ڲ˹˹ĵλڻʦʮ𾴣ˣʼӭӹ
μʦ
˹컻һɫȹӣһͷɫտɫ˫ۣĽë˵ľѣӣС죬ڳӶˣȻգ۾һĶŹߣȻ˿ˮ
һģ˹һ˿ŭȺɨȥֻм˶㲻ҲڸǲһĨռֻһ峺ûκа֮⡣
Ҷ˵ͷ΢Цʾ⣬Ҷˣƺܸˡ
һжˣһǱڵɱ˲֡
׷˹ʱ䣬ʵ׷ߣԣⱲӷǲ˹Ȣ
ƽʱ򣬸˹˵ͷ۶һۣȻҶЦˣһʹԼվȻûһϰĽǶʿͷʾ⡣
ҶҲ˵ͷʾһڡ
ʦԿʼ԰𣿡
һ˸׵λá
԰ᣬһΣһʱ򣬲˹ʮ꣬ҲһΣ˹֮һʰ׷ʱ䡣
Կʼˣ
ʦ˵һ䣬УЩˣһβμ԰һжʮˣǲ˹һ͵
ĹػһһأأνҲҲֻо֮ͨˣͳ̡
ʦ򵥵ĽһȻ˹ǲǲͳ֮
ݵҪǿʵ֧֣˹ľǿ󣬲һֱռȻͱ˲ʳˡ
ڷֳʮС飬ÿһѡ֣ɳݣʤһһأʧܵһҲҪ٣һԽһ֣յĽǻͳһԲ٣
ʦ˵꣬רƹʮ޴ɳ̣Ϊϰ֮ãÿɳ϶ֵΣвپӡ


405 ׶
Ҷμʲô԰ᣬԲ˹ʲô˲˿ȤĿҪ֪ô뿪˹
˹˼ƺڿҶı֣ڣֻ΢΢һЦ
ֻҪܶȡδĵһҾͰ뿪˹㿴ɺã
һεεҶԺǲ˹Ҷʶ˸֪
˵ģ׼ˣ
Ҷһܲ˹εεҶҲ÷
İɣֻҪܶȡһһ뿪˹ҲҪӦһеȻõһҲ뿪˹ûң޷뿪
˹ʱȻҶʮͣûвҶ˼ֻǶҶʮָȤ
˸ˣжҼٵһ۾ܱ
˵꣬˹òҶ꺣һֵı顣
˹ķ׸ҶкܴŮ׷˶ûŮܲףƽȡ
ҶﰵֹһˣղŲ˹һЦݣ϶޷ֵҶϺޱ鲨׵Ĳ˹һ˿֮ɫƺҲҶĶȡ
ԽԽ֪ҶŮǺ涯Բ׵뾡һа취ҲҪ֪
֪ҵûʲôô
Ҷ˵һ䣬Լ鲻̫֪
Ҫ㲻˵Ǿͱ뿪˹ˣеʱ䣬ҵĶһһǿôһ죬һ֪е飡
˹˵һ䡣
㡭
Ҷ㱻˵ǵһαвɹˣǱһŮˣҶеջ
Ų˹εεֲ÷
ϢٶҾͲܸˣϣĳŵ뿪˹
Ҷһ⣬벨˹ʶ棬ɽȻͬĻʼڣҶ˲ܸ֪˹һС

˹ͻȻһУԼܱҶȫãҶǿҶſʶԷĻ޷ԼĻ꺣
һҶ뵽˲˹һ˵ϢȻ໥൱Ӥһ㣬˹һ˼롣
Բ˹ˣŷԼҶˣˣԭ֪ҶϢڷˣȻԼ֪Ҷ㲻ϢҲ͸©ԼϢ
Ҳ˵ڶûʲôܿԣҶĸܵ˹塣
׼ȥ룡
ɻҶ캣һҶʲô˹֪˹ʲôҶҲ֪Ҷ˹֮󣬲˹ߵöܵγˮ
ɻˮ齻ڣ໥֮ûκܿԣ˹ÿһҶ㶼֪һ粨˹ϴӣҶ㶼ܿһ
ʱ䣬ɻͻȻֿ˹ıȫˣú߲ѣԼҶ֪һ
Լȴ˽ٵϢЩϢƲ
סǵԼ³֮󣬰뿪˹
ҶϻǸ飬ûʲôҲûʲôа֮ɫŮ˾ǺãŮҲһ
ҶŮòҲȲ˹ֻǲ˹һ飬رһտ˫ۣ˷ǳ
˹Ҳû뵽Ҷ㿴Լ壬ǿһ˿һռ·ƽ棬˹ɣǲԼҶȡ⡣о̫ˡ
סҪõһòһһ뿪
˵꣬˹СȭҶݺݻһ£Ҷ꺣ʧ
ʶص棬˹Ҷ㿴ȥӣû뵽Ҷ۵ľò˹Ҫе˽
ԷԼ壬ͻȻޱȣ䵽ｾУ˹Ҷϣһɺڲ֪
ݵʱ䣬˹˾ı䣬ǰ߹޵ĹϾȻЦݣòڿˮֱ
Ҷ׼𣡡
Ųһȣڴ״̬ѹΨҶϴŵЦ⡣
һĹأרŵĲ¼ÿһϸڶ©ÿһ԰Ľ͵ǳϸ
Ӯһص֣ĹȫǵһȻǹھ
һʮˣֳţÿһŶʮˣҲ˵Ҫʮɳ̶Կ
ս
ɳϰûʼһվָҶ㣬ȻҪսҶ㡣
ͬ⣡
ɳϰսͬս֣˭õʱ̣֣ܶ˭ǵһ
Ҷû˵Ӷ߳վһɳǰ
ܿ죬ʮɳǰ涼иԵĶ֣ˣֻܵȵһ֡
СӣҪΪһӾĳƺž˲𣬸㣬ҳսɳսڲ˹˵ڶû˸˵һ
սҶӽ㣬Ǿ֮ңսɳ֮ڲ˹һָ
˶Ǵֻı飬ҪҶôҶǿҲһǶʿ̿϶һϲͨ
⵽ԷƣҶرֻ֣֪
˵ʲôȻ˵֪Ҹ㣬ˣһսϺݺݵ㣡
ɵҶʵսϣͲһˣĲǵսʵ
ˣ˵һ¹أֺǿԸѡһ˭ʤȻͽ
д̸֮Կʼˡ
ѡ췽
һ˵ѡ췽ӣҶֻѡ
ɳʱֱ治һǿһΪ˫޼Ϳ˭սܶ֡
ɳ֮У
Ųٴ˵Ҷֳһɳ֮Уʱ䣬ɱ죬Ҷӣɳ֮С
Ҷ󷽣ʮӣվһϿ֮УҶǰһƬɽҶ֮ڣֳֺɫӣذڶЩӿʼ
һҶҲӣΪָӾ֮á
ĳʵսһģһֻСɳϰͳš
Ҳһյʱ䣬˺üֱͣ󣬻һ
ͷ棬ܿϳ뽫Ҷ㳹׼ûʲôأǿ
ΪҶһϹѺʣڻ룬ô׽Ҷꡣ
ʮӴٽ飬ҶѹҶţ·ûһžһѹͻȻһڡ
ʮͻȻɶΣڱһ״ű׶͡
׶󣡡
ʮɳ̶Ƕģһ룬ʮ໥Էɳֻ̣вԼ˲ܿ塣
Ҷγ׶ʱ򣬲зһˣû׶
׶ǱҴɣһʩչãױͻƣһƿ׶ӣֱܳ룬˲ƿ󷨡
׶Ҳǿ󷨣һʩչңһɴݿķʽ赲ǰκζܱļ̤


406 ǧ
׶γɵһ̣ɱ죬˫ӿٿ
ֱֱȥ˫ľսپ
˫Ķκܿӽ׶͵󷨴Ҷӹÿһʿֳֳì캰
ɱ
վԭأҡڣƶ䶯
ӵһӴҶľӣ˫ʼսʱ䣬Ѫɡ
ĳʵһģһҶظܵϢÿһʿѪ⡣
㲻ţ֪׶㣬ֻҪһ㣬Ƶ󷨣ʱһңγɺΧ֮ơ
͹Ҷ㣬ֱһɨ׶˲仯һȱڣȷ˽
ɫһϲҶĲñ֮ȻһᣬҾͳ׷㡣
ҶһֱŵЦݣûʲô鲨ȷӽԼ֮׶ٴκ£һ׽
ȷҲǸӣľӻܰȫŻ٣ǵĿľǳ˵ķߡ
Щ˵սǳǿҪ׶ƿһȱڣ
ұ֮㻹̫˵㣡
ҶͻȻ¶Цݣһ㣬ȷӳ֮мͻȻɱһش̳ˣӵܳǱڵ¡

ȷӷҽҲɲǼ䣬ȥˣش̻С
㷴Ӧĺܿ죬һɨǧ˵ȷӷֳɺüɣ뿪Ƭ򣬼
󣡡
Ҷֱٴ仯ʱ䣬ǰɫƣҫ۵Ĺâȷ޷˫ۡ
γ˺Χ֮ƣӶƵмðһìȷӡ
ɱ
Ҷһ£ǧìͬʱȥȷ޷˫ۣܽⷴ䣬ֻܱء
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Ѫɣһ嵹أìᴩ壬ǧ˵ȷٴһǧˡ
۴Уû뵽Ҷ㶮ãĿסԼȷӣܴһȱڣҪƿ׶ѡ
ȷʧأֻۣܵǿгЭȷӡ
ڴʱҶĶٴһ䣬׶ɻ󣬶鳯ǰڳмλã󹥻Ҷâûи潻֡
Ҷ㣬ʲô£бҽһ
𣬷ԼƣڱܣҪ嵽׶ǰ棬ҶͻȻ任ûи㽻ֵĴ㣬γɻƶ
ڻڲȷʧأһˮ󣬵ϳ̶ָȷӽ֮УֻܱɱЩ̶塣
ٴһǧˣǧ˵ȷֻʣ²һǧˡ
󣡡
Ҷֱٴһڣ֣һì棬ȼ˻棬һǧȷͶȥʱ䣬죬Щʿı
˿ǾĶǣҶݣÿһζԵģۣһȷĵ·
ȷӵǣƣٴһ䣬ص׶ֱײ
ղűһʱ䣬˲Ҷ㴦ݴ͵״̬ûиԷ潻֡
󣡡
ҶٴʹãĶƳ֣һĻǽǰ棬࣬һ֧ͻϮ֣ɱ˹ȥ
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ν֮ʵʵʵʵ飬ղҶһζرܣ潻ַ֣Ȼ͵Ϯ⧲
ΪûзҶɵͻϮӿֱ壬ȷӣ˲󣬶ȷں£ߡ
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׶ֱ룬ܿݿЭ
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վڳߵĲ¶ľݣ紫ԣҶֻһǶʿūһĴڣô˸
˹˫ɢ⣬һգգĿҶ㣬ƺ˺ܶྪĵط
Ѵ֮ҶƵٴһ䣬ͣ󷴻
ֱֳ죬ҰڶľӿٳˣսĿǰΪֹҶŲһǧˣԼʧأֻʣ²ӡ
һʵĽҶ㼸Դݿķʽ߽һһεĹɱת
ʮγɺΧ֮ƣʣ˵·ѣԼľͶͶɱɱʮ˵¾֮£Ҳ˲ϢĹ
ֱһڣҶٿʮ˳ѹ˹ȥƺƵ
ɫֻ࣬ʣ¶һˣ˵Ҷ㣬ʮӾܽѹ

ʮʱҶо磬ɳ֮лص档
䣡
վҶָ֮˺üſ־Ҷ㡣
ˣ
㻹ֱֱ䣬û뵽һ
ã
Ҷصλϣۿ˻ɱ
пʼͳ˫ܼ˫ʧó֡
Ҷ㳯ɳ濴ȥ󿪴ϣҲֱֱȥԸľΪʱҪ̵ʱ֮ڽ֣̫ˡ
̫࣬һ۵Ĳֹ֮ԣսֵƿ
ڶսʤֹȻսǶ̫ԭ㣬Բ׻ʤʤҲǲʤŪܾˣñ˰װ׼ˡ
ɳ˳֮һɨҶ㶼صλϣ¶һ˿֮ɫܿˣҶ϶˲䱻ܣôɳ˳
ŵЦݣصλϡ
ڳɳʣܿ룬һɳϰһʱʱ䣬ȫ
˸˳˳սʤ֣֣Ȼ滹лᣬ˭Ҳһ־ˡ
һµһֵĽ
óһӣǵһּ¼һЩϸڣЩʱ޼ģֻܴɱеΪֵı׼
һֻõһҶ㣬һʱ䣬һǧˣߵоˣһˣ֮ͳ֮
дӵϹֱţҶȻһʱ䣬ߵо򣬻׽һҲ˵ֻʣԼһˡ
𾪵ĲֹˣǶû뵽ҵ㶼Ҷ׻ܣһߵսⲻϳ
ʦȷģ
˴ɻʵо̫ˡ
㻳ҵļ¼
е㲻ˣЩ˾ȻԼΪԼٵϢ
ֻܽ㿴ңףˣһǶʿ
˭ҲỳˮΪʣ˭ҪôһԲڷˮһ˵ֻһֿܣҶĽˡ
һֱǰʮһһһҶŵһŵڶĩΪ̵ʱڼ


407 
һغܿеڶرԣǰʮһܻ֣ʮ֣Իֵʽһһʽ
һʮ䣬ʮ˷ֱѡһ
ڿԽ뷿֮УһЩ֪ʶ⣬˭׼ǵһõʱ಻һһǴ࣬һһҵ˼𣡡
г˵
ף
ܼ򵥣㻨ٵʱ䣬شĶǴ⣬һһʱ࣬ȫԣҲһǵһΪҪʱء
һزʱƴҲ֪ʶıƴ֪ʶԽȻشԽ졣
ȥɣÿ˵Ĵ𰸶һģƫ̻
ʮͬʱ뷿֮УӡǰһĻָĿǽĿľơ
ĿһΪ֣һǽɻ󣬵ڶѡ񣬵Ĵ
һʴҶ㸺ͿԣڶѡԵĿмִ𰸣ѡһЩĿҳĵط
ʣƵԪҪЩϣҪעЩʲôڣ
ӹĻ֮дһҶʵ
ԪĲҶ֪ܿ˵˳һЩڣаڣشʮԲûһ˿һ©
ûͣ٣û˵ԣҲûзϣֻѯʡ
Ҫעļֻڣ
һʵǹһЩ裬Ҷ˵˿Ѷȡ
һⱻҶԴûһ˿ͣ٣˿һʱ䡣
ʴѡ⣡
ʧǰҶشһֲĳڹĻϣѡ񣬺ܶ඼ǹ֪ʶ
лһЩãҶĲãشıȽ϶߽ģ˲һһѪ
ʹʱӦô⡣
ͨı֮ƽ⣬󲿷˶ʹóˮԴȻƵ󣬵ܼѹƣѡͻƣ߽
ҶĻشֱӣѡʿγ󣬹Ҳֻ࣬ҪҲ⵽С
Ͻһٳ
ҪҶ㾫֮ͨԺܿһѵĴ𰸡
һЩѡҶҲǲᴵ֮һʱ䣬ĻϵĴȫ֣ƿţҶ˳
һܣĵģ˶Ǵžȵı鿴Ҷ㣬һʱ䣬Ҷ㼸˲˹˭ûһʱд𰸡
ϲһ
ղŴʱ򣬲пǿһرҶ㻯ʱ򣬼ֱ˷ܵ赸
˹Ҷ㿴˹ҶҲ˹ȥĿԣ˹ϽתͷȥȻ˼
ʱһȥһ䱻򿪣˴ͷɥޱ飬ֱ鶼С
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˶¶֮ɫҶ㲻ǺҴİɡ
ϽϢһᣡ
дŲ˿ʼ𰸣һ䣬һЩȷȫ
Сʱ֮󣬲ֲֳ˳һվҪ֪
һҶ㣡
һֳ֮һƬȻʮῡ໥һۣе㲻š
ҿ飬Ҽܻõһ
һվľȻ飬ΪһƽıΪشʮȫʮйоأûһ˿һĴ󣬱ϾμӺüˣһЩ֪ʶȻء
Ŷ˵˵ɣ
дζЦݣղŵһɣоͺԼеŭˡ
ĴһȫشȷȫشȷҲƽ̸֣һҲƽһҲ
вشĺܺãûд󣬵Ҷǵһβμӣ϶֪һЩأҲǰΡ
벻һʩչҶ֮Ӯˣһ㣬ˣ죡
пǻյ㣬Ȼ
ȾͱȣҵҪôҵ󣡡
֮ãǲģûоܾɡ
ҶζЦݿһ۲УԼղһģпĻǲ񫣬λúõĿһ飬Ҷ˲䶴˲е˼
Ҳ֪ǸҶ㣬ƺҪҶ
Ҷ㣬ˡţóŷĶҲȷԼĵλ
гҶ˵
ҿԾܾ𣿡
ҶЦ⡣
ԣ
һ˵ˣ˹
ɳ̺ܿ챻˶Χ˹ͻȻվӣҲ߹ǰվɳ̱ϡ
Ѿںã˿Խȥˣ
ɫ֣أŲ˹֮꣬ǲ˹ĲԭΪǻҵƥ˹ľ޷ֵ
һɳ̣ҶֳһܿҲɳ̣ɱ죬ʿں󣬾Ҷ㲻Զ
ҶҲʿ˫ƾС
Ǻ˫һҶѡǺ췽гӣӭչ
ɱ
һ֣ͷ˽죬ٿ
ҶɫأȻղһ飬ʵʩչ϶кܴЩطҪָȥֲ
кɫҰڶֳپپͻȻʧԭأڸһϿ֮С
ٴΰڶ򾫱γУ滹򾫱Ǳá
Ҷ㲻򾫱Կɵɣ
¶֮ɫĻҶδ̫дˣȻҶ㣬㲻ͳš
ڳûһ˱㻹Ҫעһ󷨱ƴ
ѹȵԽԽǿɱ¾֮ѹһɱ¾󷨣﷢쳹ս
Ҷ㻹ڵȣԽԽûκζ¶Ц֮ɫ
ԭֻһ廨ͷɵ˰ɣ
һͷϣмش
Ҷֻǧ֮ңʱҶͻȻˣӻΪһǣ˳ȥ
òǰԶڴʱ·ߵپͻȻ͵ϮҶָĵط
ӲĵطҲ֮֮Եȣʱδ
پͻȻֵһ̣Ҷ򾫱ͻȻУϺγɲθС
һһڶսͻȻ쳹ףһΪ౼ܹȥ
ǧ׾룬ǲҲʮʱ䣬˫໥ܣֻмʮ׵ľ롣
ڴʱһ򲽱ͣͲǰÿ˽жƷ£һɽӲӵĹâ֣ʱ䣬ľӱĿĹâڵס
پεضɱ֮УǸӣȥ޻أҪĿǳۡ
ʱγɼл֮ƣǰнۣ۴˽Ƚϱ뱻״̬
֮ǿΪǰһһǰѹǣһһң˷ţ޷ʩչ˼ˣҶѡΧһ͸
ìӽɫƺȥ˼꣬Ҳ̼䣬һ˲أмڳì֮£в˱Լ˼̤


408 
ϵս˲䷢˾ת˭Ҳ벻ҶƵŲ˹󣬱Ҷĳ忪һߡ
ͻȻ󣬵Ϲ磬Щʿ˫ۣңҶǺֱײȻܻ壬Ҳײߵᡣ
ԽԽңɫ䡣
󷨣󷨣
´߶ֱĸоȻģɳ̣ʵսһģһ
Ҷܸᣬص򾫱ֱѹһ㣬ֱӳ󣬴ƿ
һƣ˥ٶȸ죬ʿûзӦͱҶʿնͷ­
սһʱ䣬򾫱ɵҶ¾һգҶֻǧˣսҶ㶼벻
ͣ
һ֧գѾʧԴûѪ䣬ͻȻص塣
䣡
ɫҰףȻɳ治꣬һ˺
Ҷ㣬ѾˣΪλҪ֣
ԴоԴʹȡ
ֻҪ㲻䣬ҾͿԼ֣սɣΪһ˹ῡţض𣡡
ҶЦսأֻҪ䣬ζԷͶֱɱ
Ҷ˵ûȻɳݣûһҶרעһֱϷսͱնɱɳݾǶǵԣһֱϷԴһʵ
һѪΪɳݣЩûһɳսдĻᣬԴһʼҶ͵ɱϰߣҶϰˣɳ̻ʵи
˵ͷӲУȷʵǺһжʮְݣֻǰɳϰһȤûĺ塣
սЩˣмһ棡
ʹļףλúõĵǡ
˹صλϣһ˿Ҷ㣬˼
ˣڻû˻ɵڶص
нһûٴηԣǴŶ񶾵Ҷ㣬޲ܳ˶Է
Ҷװûصλϡ
Ϣһ£׼أҲǹأǲ˹ʢʿҪΪϸʿҪǿĹ֮ܰȡ׼
ء
Уز׼ʹԪһжҪǵ˭ʹԪֱȡصʸ񣡡
ҺһʹԪڳÿһ˶֣Ԫٿأʸƫ
һյ֮׼õĲٳϣмʮУӦ
һʮ˭׼˭ǵһ
غܼ򵥣˭а࣬ǵһ
һ㣬ڳкü˶ʮĻǿѡӴѶȣǻῼӻ֣
м˲֪ǵĵϸļԶ˵ûѶȣǿԼѡӴѶȣͬ£ѡѶȸߵȻҲߡ
м˳֮ңǼѵ¯ĵزҶͷкüżҡ
ʮͬʱվһ׾룬ôԶľ룬аģԼһ
һֻʮңҲųһ±֮һ֮⣬ųưٲ
ʹԪ޷ˣҲǧ֮⣬޷λļ
Ҷ㻹ǵһʹãûһƬհס
չüҶ㵹ҲǺİϤһ³ԼԼʸԼҪٵԶľ롣
ݣ
һֻֻʸɳȥڿлһĻߡ

֮ļϴټʸ׼ȷڼ֮ϣм׼ȷаģʮҲ
ֻм˻׼Ҷ֮һоˣɿʸΪһǣ˳ȥ
ͣ
лм׵ľ룬ʸͻȻأҶȻûУҲǶʮ˽һûаӡ

˺ôЦҶ㶺ˣǰأҶõһвڼһغݺݵҶ㣬ҵˡ
һ˹϶¶ɫҶȥ޷׽ˣҺҶ㲻ܵģҲԼߡ
ûб飬ΪܿҶǵһʹùû˴ڵ£ܽȥס
νյǹǧռָĲǸͬڽǰҪҪ֣ٶû֣Ҳɽ
дߣɼ֮٣߼
Ҷһûܽʸȥֻм֮ңЩνģֻмܿ
ܿ죬˿ʼͷŵڶʮʸǼһ㣬ӣһǼʸаӵʮӲ
Ҷ㣬ڵʲôأϽȥ¶ˣԷֱԣ
˿ʼڶִҶˣֻҶٳûȥԥ
԰оͲҪˣǲ˹ļ
˴иͣ˴Ц⣬ҪҶ
Ҷ޶ã˵ֹʹԪû˵ʹûԼĻܲٿƷ֪ܲܲٿؼʸ
ȻҶô̵ʱ֮ڣɾδеǿˣҶҪ취ֻлõһл뿪˹
ʶһ¶ʸסˣ·ʸϱҶӡ˵ˣҶҪľģǰҶƿصҪá
㰡ѵҪô˵Լ𣬲еĻϽ
˵ȵòͷˣƵرǽС壬Ҷ깥һΣźҧгݵ
ģһ޵⾳Ҷϳ֣·뵽֮У˾ǼˣվڲԶĲɫ䡣
˼һ
дʧɫȻ˼һĵزҶղѵǹ
ݣ
˵ĳ֮УĵУЦ֮䣬Ҷļʸ˳ȥڿоȻڶ
μ
ҶļʸͻȻڿתһԲȻǻμּʧּܰһЩ赲ӽƹȥеˡ
ҪԼʸٶȣԼ٣ʱ٣յĺ岻ĵزſԣֻҪһ㣬ʸͻƫ
о仰𣬲֮ǧҲһֻҪƫһĿ꽫Զ
ʸڿлһԲ֮ڴһк˻ֱҶеĴ

һӲ֣ʸεĴ
ʮ
˻
ڳͬʱһڣЩ͵˶ɴ۾
ʦû뵽ҶȻصôǲһǶʿ
ʼգʦһЩһûзԣҶƵҲֻԶһ£ΪҶɡ
Ǵʱòһɺϣѵÿζɺ
һֿܣҶӵʣ˹̫ࡣ


409 
μҶĵڶˣǲлЩۿĴ󳼣Լʮ֡
ҵĵ໥һۣƺҲţҶμ
ܿ죬ʼҶٴĶڼʸ֮ϣûżȥ
ˣҶĴ̼֮һûһѡֱмУֶ

洫Ӳһ˺ܶ࣬мƫ˼УʸڵϣвƫģǿмС
ֻ˻߽кģ˷ֱǼҡ
Ҷ㣬һʸ˵ע֮£ҶļʸΪһǣڿлһ׽ĺۼֱ̼С

˷һҶ㵽ô£ÿһʧѾõļƹĪ⣬һ˺ѵֵΪƶĹ켣޴׽

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Ҷû˵Ŀ⣬һĳڼ֮УļһֹĻߣʸɵУ䵽ϣкġ
ļҶһȥļʮҶȻһҲֻҪһֱôȥпõһ
ȵʱҶһʸͬʱڳϣһ˴ҵĿ⡣
Ҫʲôѵ𣡡
һӴŲ֮ɫǰļѾò˴۾رЩҶˣо˺ݺݵһ⡣
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û֮Ҷʸͬʱ˳ȥڿųƷΣϺ£ʱ̶ڱ仯׽͸ĸĿꡣ
ڼʸҪмеʱʸͻȻֿγһֱߡ
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ʣʸҶһһβǽʸָУָС
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ɡ
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ԽԽŨأƺ͸ҶˣĿǰΪֹҶȻûʩչԪﵽ侳۷壬޷ƿķ
һʱҶѾʮʤˣͬʤʮ
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ǽսˣһ֣ҶĶ˶ʮһʤ˭Ҫܻһʤǵֵĵһ
Ȼûлȡһ԰ĵһǲλɱҶ㡣
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Ҷ㣬ֻҽԸ㣬㽫սҵ
ŽȻҶǿ󣬵ƿķţֻҪҶԼ
ôķϻҪ־Ϳ㣬һʱ䣡
Ҷø£μʲô԰ᣬҶı⣬˹뿪˹
ӳΪӾ֮Ҷκж˼ӣ޷뿪˹űΣӦ˹μ԰ᣬ֣֮뿪


410 ·
ӶҶ㻹һƵӣûԪӽ벨˹ʼҶûжùԪڴҶɣҶһǶʿ
ҺݺݵĽѵһ٣˭ܵõӾƺŵģ
һȣһûжñƽһȭʱ˹ʢеĺȭ
ǴӺ֮ݻȭʮƮݣȭһһƮ֮ʮᣬȭƲǰһ˿ǧζ
Ҷǿϸģҵôһȭν˸վ
ȭһҶǾ¶΢΢Ц⣬ԷĿôӵҶ˫ۣȭȻһЩƵãϧҶ㣬侳ڶܱҶɱο۷塣
ȭͷֱ壬ҶǰϮǺȭһķ񣬽еĴ̣ߣ׻塣
ȭͷХҶ¶һ˿ײĹЦݡ
𣿿˭ᣡ
Ҷһһ㣬ͻȻŤȭͷҶ˳ȥûлĿꡣ
͵壡
ҶһΣǰľû뵽Ҷ㽫ֵزı̬
ʵ֪Ҷ˲һı̬رĺá
һսڳ˵Ŀ⣬󲿷ֵȻϣʤƫƫ˵Ԥϡ
ȭͷҶһ̣ҶͻȻ̽ǰ㣬ѾʧȥģʱҶͻȻһᴩܲ峯ǰſ˹ȥ
飡
һʺŵ滬˳ȥʧȥģݺݵˤڵء

ܷôЦӶˡ

Ҫɱ㣡
ŭܵ裬һɱ۳ʵʣҲʲô˸ˣҶй
˹üͷ΢壬ƺʮֲȻ԰ûֹʹñǴҶףûԸʹñ
ǱҶ㼤ŭˣ˻ɱҶ㣬óԼı
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һУһ׵֣ݺݵն¡
ž
嶨ԭأȫð̣Ȼܶˡ

Ҷ˵һ䣬뿪̨ʼնûƹһۡ

Ҷ̨һ̣ſͣ³һںž֮ɫҶ㻺뿪ղȻов
ĹأҶ㵱ɲûõһ
һõˣǶĳŵʱˣ
Ҷ˹ϣϽ뿪˹֦Լ©ʵƻ𲻱Ҫ鷳
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ҶӾһȥܴͷ⣡
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Щһ㿿ƣһ׽Ҷ֮Ͼ˹侳
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ԶŵòӴϵһصҶȻܸ侳⣬ֱ˼顣
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ֳһƬңѱƷɣʿԹ˲Ͼ侳޷ֳһգʱ˹ͻȻðҶߡ
ƲŮǰɣ
˹е㲻ˣҶƲԼʵɷ˵ֱһһȥ
纣ˮһԪӲ˹¶ʵ˿侳ڣҶҲǰľ
һǣƣҶķΧ˲٣侳ΧҶ࣬ʱʱ
Ҫ֣ȫ
޸омǿϢӻʳ֮д˴ǿߺܿҪϵ
һȦҶȥ顣
ҶѹȻͻᱻԷˣҶѡ
ɱ֣
ƹȻǿҶ㻹ûзӳҵԪأγ̩ƲԲ
һƽҶȥһɺ֮Ҷϳ񷣬ִʣ
ʽ
ɱ£ռ·𶼾ֹˣʱ䶨һ֮£侳ٶͻȻ
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һ׵Уóײɱ֮ϣ崫һһҶնϡ
ôܣɱ侳
ŵʧ˸˵ˣֺݺݳԼӵĳ嶯ղ԰ᣬҶҪǣǶʮ˼һҲҶ֡
ͬͬʱҶҶѹһǰδеĵزʱܱЩѹ


411 
йͬʱߣҶȥʱҲףΪҶ
ղˣֶˣҶѹȻо˵ж١
ʮӺޣγһҪҶ̻
ɫ䣬ղŸֵĹͻȻ֣ҶȥǳһʵҶҪʮӺһˣ侳۷壬Ҳᱻ˺ѡ
ռһѿ޷ʮ徳ѹȣĴǱѹȳƬĿռ䣬Ҷ㴦ڷƮҡĵز
ʦô죬ǲӦóְ
˹ǿ߶վһԣȻûг֡
ǱҪô벨˹ģ
ʦʾ⣬ȻûгְҶ˼
ǿҲ˵ʲôóô˻ᣬúõ̽һҶ㣬ʲô£ǵʮ侳Χ
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ʦΪβְҶ㣬ǲ˹Ӿ
ˣصϣһ˿ŭ֮ɫʦȡ
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ʦ͵
ʮѹȵԽԽҶ㴦ڷƮҡĵزǰδеΣ
Сӣ㻹ʹûڲʹãûлˣ
޻ǼɵҶĻޣٳٲⱻ͵Ϯ
ƾǼֵҶûޣ
Ҷž޲ͻȻ֮䣬ܿռ䷢һ˿΢ı仯
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޲ŷӦ֪֮УǶ뵽Ҷ档
СĿҶͻȻʩչޣȴû뵽뵽Ҷ֮С
Сӣ
Ҷһʱ佫Сͷ˳ֳּ罣ڿռ֮Уܿʧԭء
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ҶͻȻһȣڿЩ䶯ڿռ⣬ҶһһգеľҶԼ
ʲô൱һĿռ䣬˸磬γһ磬ԻūÿΪԼ֮
СӴڿռ֮УϰһЩ©ĵطϱƣҶγɲãڳΣܶطҪ졣
ɲǼĹҶնһѪҶ
˭Ҷһսһ߶򣬻ûɱ侳ǵѪ֮һոµ
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ҶȻ͵Ϯ֮ìɱһˣҶҲΣ֮У֮ìʩչʱƣʩչȥȥͻᱻ޳϶롣

ҶͻȻ򣬸СӳȥȻ˳սţʱ򣬲˹һЩǿͻȻϵսš
쳷
ѣкʣľԶȥ
ССʧ󣬵ٴ侳ǼɵҶлޣôƣں޲ףҶϸûлޣһֱơ
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ʱ䣬˳ʳǷٵĸȥһĿɿڴˡ
磬Ҷʵɣ
СµĿĿһҶʧķ
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ݣ
Ҷɽ岻ãԶƿ֮˳߷
ʱˣ߰ɣǽҴ
ԹһҶ㣬ȥȻȥЩˡ
źΪԼȥЩ׷ˣҶһ˿мóöƷʯ󷨣Ҫ뿪Ҫһʱ䡣
ģע봫֮УҶӿ
ʱûʹôһЩ·޹⣬ҶҪȫ
ǸʲôΪҪסǵȥ·
ʦͣǵǰɡ
뿪ȻҾͲÿ
شʮָɴࡣ
ղŻּ⣬뾡һа취ҲҪҶ㣬㲻ҪΪǣÿ
ʦ˵꣬峯ǰʮ侳ͬʱֲַԲ
ҪȥɱҰɣҲץģ
ÿߵһֲĴҶĶŮΪԼɵԼĸףҶܸж
ȻˣҾ͵ˣ
ʦϱһǿƣֹȥѹԭء
ǿȥץ
ʦ˺֮󣬳˷ԸϽȥץҶ㡣
һſ·𣬾󼸸·ʱ䣬˹ҵǿһ㿿
Ҷ㣬ΪҪߣǲ˹Ӿݣֻ԰һˣȥԺдǰ̵ǰ棬αҪ뿪
˵Ǹ԰ĲУҶӡǳĺãȻϣҶʹ뿪
лλĺ⣬ҶϰһεˣϲܵԼ߻ʮָлʱչˣԺлᣬһԵл
˵ףҶоǿǷ˹һЩʲôϾԼȷʵ˼ҡ
˼ҲӾݣ˹ԼҲ֮УϾҶ˽Ĳࡣ
Ȼ֪˹Ǻ⣬ΪҪִҪ뿪Ͳú̸һ̸𣡡
н˵˫ľԽԽ


412 ɳĮ
һ˿˿翪ʼ֣󼴽˹Щǿת˲
ҵĺˣλʹ˸ǣ
Щ˵һ̣ҶӰԽԽģܿʧͨľͷʯһգ󳹵׹رա
Ҷ㰲ȫ뿪˹һ
ʦ
˶˹Ϊű֣֪͵δҲðա
ȥһƾᣡ
ʱ˵ʲôǶģȻصʳ˵
Ҷ㴩һ½ͨȫƯڿռ֮һҲ֪˶á
·һ죬·һ꣬ҶƯڲɫͨ棬ȵͷĿѣʱǰһɾ޴

Ҷͨ汻
һɴĿֱҶ˫ۣһɳ֮ϣܶɳĮ̣ҶȻ͵û̵ĵط
Ҳ
һܵΣҶüͷһ¶ߣʺ棬޶֣ûֲһƬء
Ҷ֮һۿľжϣ
תһ룬ҶҲͷˣ벨˹ԽԶǾͺҵԼóЩʱ䣬
Ҷ̬ȽϺãκ£Լٵĸбס
Ϊ֪Ҷ㿴һ۴յķ򣬴ʱ賿ãչڶߣҶҪȥĵطҲڶߡ
ʩչʹ֮Ҷ㲻ҷɵ̫ߣԽߣ¶ԽߣֻŵС
ɫɳĮһͷ·޾Ҷʱ䣬Ҷ㿴ͷ
ҺҶޱȼᶨһˣͷˣ̵ĵط˵˶ûУһ֪ܲܰȫ뿪
֮Ҷ¶һ˿ϲɫΪ˽ɫɳĮֲ֣Ȼֲ֣ͲأֻҪأ϶˳ֻ֣Ҫ˳֣Ҷ֪
ʱ䣬ͣͣĹ԰˲٣ʮ¾ȫ
Ϧ£ɳĮϦĺ죬һĨѪԶɳĮǵĺһЩ޴
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Ĺӣǵ˹ˣ
̶ӵһ죬ɧѪз籩ٵǰףɳĮ籩Ҵļ΢΢
ҶҼӿٶȣȡ֮ǰϵԫ̨ﻹڵһЩ籩ȷ籩ȥˣ·
һ˴˵̶ӵĲԼӿ˺ܶࡣ
ҶƯڿУодһֲĳɷ֣ѹڿ½бٵĽࡣ
˵ɳĮǧ򻯣ղŻ죬һǱ꣬Ȼ٣г꼴٣ұҪҵһȫĵطһ£
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˵һ侳侳ɳĮ籩ȫˣɳĮ籩˺һ˵壬õΣɳߣɳĮĿֲ֮
ʶɢȥҶ岻ϰθߣԶĵطtǰ֮⣬һԫмԫϱڴɳĮϡ
Ӧܷܶ籩
ҶವһʧԭأԫٸȥΪɫԽԽѹֵϢγɣһ˿˿ɳĮγɡ
ղŻǲѪʱ䣬кƹնҪѹĸо˴εѹָγɡ
䣬Ҷڲԫ̨ıԵϱڣǰһɳϮˣϱڲԫ
ԫǺܸߣҲңռڵķûУϣɳǴڵķ򴵽ܷɳҲᱻɳĮ֮С
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Ҷ²ãһЩ˵ĺһЩ޵ĵͺԫ
Ҷ˫ĿڴһߣʮˣŮףʮͷޣźܶ
Ϻиˣ
Щ˽֮󣬺ܿ췢һԵҶ㣬ΪԫûжҲͼƽСʮѾǼޣһԼ
Ҳǹ·ˣз㣬Ͻ׮ްźãޱߣʱ˭Ҳ뿪ŮĿʼ»ܵͣ
жϺ߿һҶ㣬˵ͷûʲô⣬ΪҶҲ˷籩
ʱ䣡
еĿʼ׮֧ɳĮʵִֽʵõţ֯ɣͳ̶Ȳڶ
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ʮڲһյʱ䣬֧ҲȼޱڶԫбԵܸܶķɳ
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ůҶЦһһЩɳ˳ԺԼҲҪһЩˡ
λӣǼһ⣬˭ûѴ
ͷЩ̶ӵͷˣСɣһʮ־رһ˫ۣڵҹһ
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ϺҶ˫Ѿɳٴѡ
ҶҲʶ⣬ɳϳ߹Ҳһյʱ䣬Ҷ˫Ⱦˣֲƶ壬ⱻߣһʱ̾첻һҹʱ䣬ͺѼˣпܱɳ֮¡
ǾͶлˣ
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Ϻһ۾ܿҶ㲻ʲôˣȻҲҶ
棬ҶоԼһ㣬ǵá
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棬Ҷ٣Щɳ˳űǻ棬ʮܡ
СֵܣǺȵƣ
Ҷ˶˵ͷЩ˶Ҷûʲô⡣
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ӹϺеıӣҶм˵һ䣬ǷԷθҶһ˻Եһ档


413 ѭ
ɫԽԽŭ𣬼ѲߵӶ棬Сƣ¶Ƚ¼ʮȡ
飡
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ҲҪţѩѩȥˣӦǴ磬ǼϽڸҷⱻɳ
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Ҷʶ͸˳ȥһööȭͷСѩ£ûЩѩԼϣĹܣ㲻ܻˣһЩС˺޿ɱ⡣
Ϊ̫ͣѹ仯Щµαһ𣬱ѩֱͨӱ侳ҲҪ֡
ѩһʱ䣬ֹͣǴ磬洫Һý׮ڶԫȻͱƷˡ

ʱ򣬴洫һ޵ĽƱѩ˵ˡ
ޣֻϢ¶죬ܱϮȻǿܼѩϮϳ˰߰Ѫ
ͷмͷˣҪߣһȥ϶ǵĻʱɳͻֱӹ
һƿһǣÿһĻ
ϺΣˣҳȥһˣ˵ޣһƣ
쫷ХԽԽֻܴУ˴˵
Ǽ˩ӣҳȥ
ϺεҲʮҵߣıȽӲ壬Ҷ򵥵ɨһۣ侳ҡ
׳óһͷмĵ׮ϣһͷЩ˰ϣⱻ쫷紵ɡ
Сģ
Ϻһƿһ쫷洵һЩֱӱƷɣŨҵĻɳˮҶ㶼޷ſ˫ۡ
ܿ죬ϺʧҹĻ֮УϺθ뿪񣬽ڵ硣
ܿ챻ϣ翴ˣ޵ĲҽԼ쫷ĺХ
ʱһһйȥҶڽĵȴǳȥѾһʱˣûκζֲĸо
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ʶ޷ǵȥʶһ͸ͻᱻ쫷˺ѣ޷̽浽׷ʲô顣
׮ҶҲѱ쫷ߵˣпɳ֮С
ҳȥһˣ
Ҷ˵ҵһԼϣת뿪˶ûзӦҶѾʧˡ
뿪ֲָʶ޷ݳȥֻƾжϡ
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Ҷڣ޷ֱ淽
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Сֵܣôˣڶˣ޷뿪ϽȥɣкˣҪǣʵڲУɿҲ˶ǿ
ղŴûжϳ˭ȵҶ㿿֮ſ壬ϺȻǣҲԸˡ
쫷粻ֹͣǳ綼ᱻ˺ѣŵ׮⿪׮ֲ˶á
ȱ˵Ǽöҩ̷ȥֹסƣ
Ҷóöҩӽ˵ϵ˿ڣֹѪܿͻʧѪ
ó罣Ҷն˺ѵʬֱӱɣܵѹС˺ܶࡣ
𼲷罣Ҷ㽫Լϵסǣһ
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ҶʮָмϺڱ쫷ߵԼˣǣ֪ͼҶ㶮á
֮Ҷ˫ͻȻɳ棬һǰȥʩչǿ֮
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ԽԽҶԪڴģħֽԪԴԴϵҶ͡
磬ˣ׮ܿҪ𣡡
׮Ѿ֮¶棬ֲһյʱ䣬ڲ˶Ҫ

ʱһͷ˿Ҫˡ
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ͷӷԸһȥƵ׮ż˱һŲ
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һյ֮ٴαƿһҶ㣬ŶϺϺΣһӡ
Ϻ˽ᣬûд󰭣ӽ֮󣬼ǻԵģϺҲ˷ȥϢҶ㣬æϥ£ָԪ
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СֵܣûĴ
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˵꣬ϺȻҪҶһοǾ˼ʮ
ɣǺαأңѱ쫷ߣνѭɣ
ҶҲһ꣬ǶԼ񣬹ѱ쫷ߣкҶǣѭ򣬵ƹ


414 ɱѪ·
˵ѭӦˬ
ǽѭ򣬵ƹ
ҲһһмҶ㣬ƶϺԼϺλһӶҪ쫷˺ѡ
ȻˣǴûʲô˸УɳĮ޿ɱģϰΪ
ıƺС˲٣ֻ쫷绹ڴ޾ĻɳڸɳĮһҹʱȥ
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ÿδɳĮһЩˣҶϰˣΪƣҲ֮١
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ҶԶȥȥǧ֮⣬һֱ޴ɳĮվһʯϣЩɳĮǡ

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һһ޴֣ǰɳĮǱһƬ

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Ҷ㰵һУҶжϳľ磡


415 Խ
Ҷǰ濪·ѸһɳĮʬ壬Ҷѹ侳ҵ޶Ҷ˵в
ʱͻȻһжϣҲ伶
ĲֹҶ㣬ˣһ¶֮ɫ侳ޣڳʵߵҲǶͷ侳۷Բ
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һУЩɳĮǳȥÿһͨӾʯǽһѲԼĶ飬ĳҶ
С࣬㾹Ȼɱô񣬽Ҫ˶Ҫ
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һԾڿлһĻߣҶ

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շ·׵罵٣ףз硣
Ҳ˵Ҷ㽫Ժ϶Ϊһں˷ᣬ׵İԵٶȣ׵Ļ
ɺɫһ˿֮ɫҶȻ֮ƿҪҪ죬ǰС࣬׶öȻ֮
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ѭڰ˷֮ЩԪضձĴڣҲԪء
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²᳷ߣеҪԵҶ㣬ҶϵԪأһ䣬ľĹ


416 ɱ֮ħ
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ڴʱҶ¶֮ɫŵĲмԼԣ֮ûпɱԡ
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ԪγһΣʵΣԪݻɣ൱ԪΡ

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ҵ˼ܼ򵥣ͷʬһʮöʯҪˣ
Ҷֱӱۣģģ㻨ʮʯʬ塣


419 Ȧ
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СֵܣǽҲҪͷʬҲǲԣһʯֻҪõóʬˣ
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ղ׿˵ʬ㻨˰ʮʯչģڳ˶ˣ˵ûɣ
ҶͻȻˣе
ûûǰʮʯ
ƹˣҶ˵̣˵һǧʯչģ˭ҲţʮǷǳļ۸
ɣˣ˼ǻʮʯչʬ壬ôʯãأ
Ҷ㳯ȺеĶ˵һ䣬˶һ
ղм£ȥһˣûüȡʣµʯⲻ𣡡
ͷʮϣʱ˽ƹһƺʶﲻԡ
ͷôˣղչʯѾˣ
ƹ񻹲ͷҶһģΪҶǰͷ棬򱧲ƽ
Ǹˣһǧʯȱʮǧⲻ𣡡
ҶͷҲµƹ񣬷ˣͻ뿪ǡ
ʱƹŷӦԼҶˣһֱҶûʬ壬ڸƸȦף˵ʵ۸
ȽףȲùңǽˣҵ飡
Ҷ㷴Ϊһˡ
ƹһ۶ͷڿһҶ㣬ƺȫˡ
ͷصĺȻǿΪΪθղŲֱ
ƹʮֲˡ
ƹҲϻҶֵǿǻΪųְǣŵԣóʣµʯǻ뿪ǣ
ͷŪôֻõʯ뿪
Ǻݣ
ƹ۽ǳ˳飬Ҷֲʵӹ̨һŽɫƬ


420 տռƬ
ƹεĴӹ̨óһŽɫƬǶͨõĻҽ𿨣Űʮֻ֣Ҫ̵ĵطܻʯ
лƹˣǾʹ˸ǣ
ͷҲ飬ӹ𿨣ЦǺǵˡ
Ҷӡ
𿨣ͷҶ㿴ȥ
ȻǽˣҲûʲôˣԷȥ
Ҷһûƹ뿪˻ҵ̣ѹûʬ塣
λӣղŲҪʬΪֲҪˣ
ƹ񼱵ҪˣҶ㲻Ҫʬˣһˣһȥ̫ˡ
ƹ㻹ǲģԾ͸㣬˫ͷҶֵɱҪαҪ͸ǣ
ͷ˦˦֣Ҷ뿪˻ҵ̡
ͨ
ƹһƨ˵ϣȻǲϣ˵ܴȻ֪Ҫɱ˫ͷҪʵܿǣҲҪڵʵ
Ҷ㿴ʮңôᣬǿһĳߴɵĵӣʮֺڸղûԷûͽһѡ
ϧһҶ㲻֪ˣ뿪ҵһ¥㷹֮󣬻ص˿ջĿۡ
һҹʱܿȥ
ͷѾ뿪˹ǣҶҲûʲôоְ٣ʰɫһ뿪˹ǡ
˴һʱ䣬ҶԶɳĮûɳĮӰˣɽ
Ҷ㲻ڵʱ䣬һ·֮ϣѡƫƧĵطߣΪʱ䣬ȡִｻӴ
ΪݽӴǰҶһ·Ҳʮƽ֮ڿһǵһĹĻڿĻһ̣ҶоԼֱиĸо
ˣڵˣ
Ű֮ľ޴ĻռƬҷ裬Уͻᱻķѣѹûǰء
Ҷͣûмǰڹ۲죬ʱĻһóȻ룬пܱ쫷糶塣
ռ䶼ױ˺ѣȥҪѹ촷ۡ
˵壬ȥ˺Ƭ
ԽߣռĻǿңƬ໥ײ̶
ԲһƬ磬ĿռƬ־ժЩϸСƬҶ˵ôҶҪĿռƬ
Ļа֮⣬Ҷͣס˽ŲĹַ߹ιϴʹ˰߰Ѫ
ǿ˺֮Ҫֱӽȥ˲ܱ˺ѣ
Ҷ㰵ľĹַ˺ѹִ˵
ǲ룬Ҷ޷ȡռƬԵֻЩײһЩƬǳСֻйַм򣬲дĿռƬ
ҶѾأǿн룬϶ᱻ˺壬ȥֹһԼһµ·̣ǰæˡ
˼Ҷ㳢һ֮ǰҶһҪȫ֮ߡ
Сӣа취ܻȡĿռƬ
Ҷ㽫С˳ҪСӵϾǿռרҡ
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СӰ˰֣Ҷ磬޷ԽȥΪʱĿռƬ˺ѣ˵ռˡ
ռһΪü㣬ռ䣬ҲǴҳģξռ䣬Ҳڱռ棬Ҫǽȥÿռ֮ѳ
ǴԪռ䣬һľ磬ܴԪռ䣬Ҳ˲䵽Ǹ̫ߣҶ
ܽռ䣬ݻҲ˵Ԫռˣ󲿷ߣѡڱռ䣬ӿеٶȣ̾롣
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СεһȦصҶϣͻȻ֨֨Ҷ㴫Ϣ
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СС֣ҲָָղڸεһȦһЩߣΪԿռޱϤҲıߡ
ҶϸȥҲһЩĵطÿʮַͻֻһ˲Ĺַܹܳ˺ġ
ַǸֵĶ㣬˺һУñһǹַмȴǷƽ˾ռƬƯڹַм䡣
Ҵ룡
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Ҷޱȼᶨᱻκζ赲ԼĽŲȻԲܷȻַΣգҶҲҪ㳢һ
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һȥˣ
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ҶĺԽԽ٣Ҫڵʮֵһ̣Ѹٽȥһ㲻УһҲУ֮壬ʧ֮ǧ
ĬʮֵʱҶ廯Ϊһ⣬һ٣ʧԭء
ͣ
ҶоźһۣŽһƬյشŷԼЬײˣ쫷׵˺ѣʹ
źܿȥִĿռƬƯԼΧ
ŷԼ·һ޴ƿ棬ַγһԲΣЩĿռƬƿУҪҪҵڡ
ҶһַγһУеķȫģûйַ磬ռʮȶЩƯܵƬ໥ײ
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һڵŻˣҶ㽫ħ˳
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ħűҶ޹һֱҶɽڵƿҪٽһ
ȻͻҶķչħűޱǿĹ߸Ҷ㣬û壬֪Ȿǿ󵽺ֵز

羨ɣһޱȾ޴ĿռƬȥ
ħ֮ܵľϣƿռ䡣
ʱһһȥҶյٶԽԽ죬ħĿռҲ޷Ŵ󣬴ӵײĵ֮ʢ·һУκζħ֮󣬶ܱħա
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ҶõĿռƬգЩַͻ˺ĿռƬάͬС
һʱȥˣҶԼ˶١
һǧ
һ
ʮ
Ҷ㲻֪Ψһ֪Ŀ϶ֹһ򣬾ħľڴ󲿷ֶռƬһʱ䣬ƾܳ׽ռݻɡ


421 ȫλ
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Ҷʱ䣬ħĿռ䱻ʮԿռƬǴﵽһֲ֡
ûЩʱڿƬٸҶʮ꣬һ꣬޷ôֲ
ħ֮Уܾھ貵ĹâȻڽЩĿռƬһγһĿռ䡣
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ҶойڤڤӾħҶ棬ħűĺôÿһᷴͬ
ڷҶʱռ䷨Щһſž壬Ưھħ֮У˳žŸߣҶ֮С
Ȼ䣡
Ҷڷʮ޾ѪԾţȻҲԿռķ
ȫѪ⣬գ֮ϣһ㵭ƣ
ֻ֣һ֣ܾ֮һ˿ףһǳĪĹϵ
ƵκθЧ̷ħıеű塣
ħűı仯κ⣬һ
һȥˣħտռƬٶ𽥷ǰҶ
ҶԱ˫ĿӦϴĥ
Խ棬ҶĹؼǣؼ̫ĶƺÿһĶǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ʲôزҶԼҲֻǾԼɱ侳ڣõȫʵƾܾɱ
ʩչ߱ʽΪҶʩչǰҡ
ֻΣеĺ岻Զڽ֮ǰҶֻʩչһΡ
εĸʲôɱ侳ڡ
Խ󣬶ĳΪ̡
ҶҲ֪侳ֺö֣һģôҩѻ侳ЩһͻƵ侳һΡ
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ûԥԪΪһֱӴһĤҶȫһ
ֲ纣Х޼ɵҶصŰҶоȫҪűĸо̫ӴȫԦˡ

ҶҪ飬ǽȫ뵽֮УȻûͻƣ
ֲ̫ҶֻһҶеʱ䣬κεطȫʲôΣգĵıչء
ʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ЩֲȫŸ֮УҶ֮У˿֪ڹĻ棬һȺ֮͡
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ͣ
󴩹ĻַȻûн飬ץĻ֮һץһźܴĿռƬ
գ
ͬʱһȣˣٴδĻصϣһзӴСĿռƬˡ
һУҶ֪飬ȫ֮Уڲ
֮ٴθоһ飬ħ̶ϵΪҶµġ
֮ϣһ㱦⣬ҶȻ˽ղĵزҶˣҲá
ҲڲղŻڣת۾͵۷壬۷Բչ
۷Բǰ벽侳һЩǿţѾ۷ԲʱԼ
ֻԼ򣬲ܿ侳һǵ޷ԽҩǿγԼ򣬾ͻľͷһʵһ
һʱ䣬˲̵ΧɼռƬÿɼһΣǶϢܳһʱ䣬ÿһβɼʮ
Ҷʱ翪ʼƽȽ׶Σȶ侳۷Բ벽侳Ҳֻһ֮ң
Ҷײ꺣ڶŻǴԼʱˡ
һŻڶһͻ֮Ҷֻײһϸ죬磬ȫλٴγһΣҲܽ忪
꺣֮УӿҶĻŭˣ˻γɺХһľ޴Żȥ
䣡
һײҶ㷢һƺߣǲһ˿ѪҶ⵽귴ɡ
һ飬Ҷ㷢ֲ޴󰭣ܿȶϸȥŻֵѷ󣬺ܿҪҶȫ忪

Ҷ٣
һεлһΪһͷͻǿ񱩣ҶһоԼĻֲֵزѾﵽ侳ڵز
䣡
Ҷǰһڣʲô֪ˣһ޵ϢɢһӴˡ
ʦ㣬쿴ĻмȻˣ
һЩռƬѹһ𣬷ҵײˣڿ


422 
ݵĻʺܿѹҶ˫ۣܳһޱȾ޴ڲǳΣȫγ˶е
ԼҶϸϸᣬȻѾγɣǺܶطȻ©ҪԼȥĥ
ֺö֣һ֣ԽȻҲԽǿɢȥ֮ңҲֻа״С
Ҷʱ֪Լ򵽵жΪйַƣ򻹲ƣʱֻа׷Բ
Сӣһ£
Ҷûע棬Լ֮УС˳
֨֨
Сӳ֮Ҳ򣬷Ľ
ôˣѵ𣿡
ҶСӵı鲻æʵ
һһ޿ʼͨʶҶ֪СڿʼԼļ䣬ǺȫһЩĶҶ㶼ҶȷСӼпϹޡ
򣡡
Сӵʶĳ֣Ҷ㶼һ
Ȼ֪Ҳֵȼͨ򣬸߼ɼپ
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ųϵͨ˶ͨһЩܴﵽ߼һɼѾƬء
ƺƬؼ䡣
˵ʲô򻹲յ㣬иǿ򣡡
Ҷ㳹ľˣСָԼݹϢȻҶ㣬򲢲ǿġ
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СӷһҶˣԭСӾ˲ټ䣬ǳڱܸҶ㣬ΪʲôҲ˵һʹȻ
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Сӻشһ䣬С֪ļޣں滹ûУСܾѸļ䡣

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СӣԺĥҪ㶦ͱ˯ˣ
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ܵľȫָЩѹһĿռƬָɡ
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Ļ𾪵Ըӣվڹַ֮ѾǼޣ˵ַˡ
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ڣҶһι۲ĸЩַƶٶҶ˺ü
ಣ
ʮ֮Ҷ㴩ַγɵĹĻӳȥ˲Զ

ҶĳߣŮӾȻһС
Ҷŷ֣ԭһֱ棬ɨһۣ侳ҶǺܴ󣬶š
ҶξͻƣѾԳ֮ûᣬתͷ뿪
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ҶҪ뿪һӰҶסˡ
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һʵҶҲҪȥȹһʱ䣬ѰԪظԪأ׾ѾԪأγһѭ
ԣҶʱܽĵ
̨ôȥģ
ӵҲûʲô⣬ҲˣҶǻҪСһ꣬ҶľȻһǱڵѹơ
޿ɷ棡
Ҷ㲻ǲǣĸǣҪǡ
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Ա˼ţԭѧԺˡ
ûһ£ˡ㣡
Ҷת뿪վסŲҷȰһ䣬ǧҪԣ
һҶҪˣʱͻȻסҶĽŲ

֮óҶǰ棬赲Ҷ뿪
ɫۣʮң֮סҶ㡣
λʲô˼ΪҪȥ
Ҷʶһɨ߶侳ƸŮһġ
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һ˵ϴһ˿⣬ˣƺǿӲˣ˵Ҫȸղǿ˺ܶࡣ
Сӣ˵ôȥģֻҪǣȥ
ߴŹҶ㡣
Ҳ˵أ
Ҷ˲ԭһ⣬գ˭֪ǾȻ飬ڳˣвҶеŭ
Ϊ˵Ǿûа취ѧԺһְ취׿˵
ЦһٴᵽѧԺ
ҶƺѧԺʮİû˵Ƹûʲô
ѧԺѩԭһôͻȻݸݵĽ紦ΪѰҿռƬ
ѧԺ˲ҵҪʲô׿˵
Ҷɱһʵʰɱɫһ䣬ҶȻǴѹ
СӣȻѧԺȻˣҾԽ£ĻǣҾ֪һУ
ޱ⣬Ҷ˳ӹַⳬ˳Ҷһкܶܣַзػ޷ȥ˵ˡ
ѧԺķ²бһԲϾҪɱǰɣ
ҶЦһų
Сӣϻ˵ѧԺô£ֲۣȻ㲻˵Ҿȡ
Ҳ˵ֳ꣬Ҷץޱȣ


423 Ű侳
һԲϣֱӳˣֳҶץ˹ȥҪ׽Ҷ㡣
ÿֶΣһԲϣҪɱңֱ֮
ͻ֮侳ڶҶ˵ûжѹڣںڣҶûҪսʤܡ
Ҳ侳ңͬЩӳǵʲô鷳ǵİȫ
ץƣҶ޶ãƿҪץԼʱ򣬵һ黨ָߵץȥ
ٶȿ죬Ҷٶȸ죬˭Ҳû뵽ҶٶȻ˵Ŀ죬֣ȻѧԺĳץȥ
ȥɣ
˵ʱʱ죬ǰҲգۼĹѧԺϸоȫͻȻʧȥȻ
ͨ
һз̫죬˭Ҳûп壬ҶνѧԺ϶ȥģվһԵһ϶ûע⡣

Ҷ·ʲô鶼ûһղһҶ㽫ٶȣյۣץסԷСʧɽȥǧֶ档
СӣȻҷɣ
һ˺ܿ췴ӦһȭҶźɨ񱩵쫷γһƬͨ˲ִҶţҶȥ·
ЦҲѵɱ𣡡
ҶЦһ岻˷Ҳһȭ˫ûйľһн֡
ѧԺ֮Լ򵥳֣ΪҶ㾳侳Ҫ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҷ嵭дĳ֣㹻š
䣡
һҵıˣֳһƬ磬һ޴ĺڶ˭Ҳʲô顣
ʱһӰӺڶ˳ȥ
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һĹͷˣ漴һѪһҲƷɡ
飡
ҽ˵ϣҺ侳ǿ󣬵ڶ³ҲҶɣֱۡ
ǿôģ
ɵϴž֮ɫղҶȭͷʱ򣬸оײһɽϣβƣԼ˲䱻ݻ٣۶ֹǡ
ƾҲסҵȥ·
Ҷûгʤ׷ϾûԹЦһתȥ
Ҫ뿪˴ô𣡡
ͬʱվһȡ
ŮѶһԣҶǿһһ㣬ȫܰճ
ɨ侳ϣ侳ϣ׶Էʵǿ󵽺ֵز
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Сӣղű͵Ϯ֪侳ǿ󣡡
¶֮ɫǿƴǵ
ˣ
޴ˣҶε棬ÿһǧ׷Բ
ֵһ̣Ҷ·Լ޾֮С

Լ˵һε棬Լǰ侳γʵʣһܿڣһ޴Ρ
Ϊ֣ԷΣס֣߾ʹԼסҶ㡣
Ҫס𣡡
ҶȻһЦûмԼҲûٻСӣһ˵Ȼ޷Ҷ㡣
ÿٶȣҵȻ޷ж
ֹǵ߷һ
һҲһ濴һ˿ţҶչֳԼǿֶΣǵ˼ά
ն
ҶͻȻһȣһ׵ն£ڿռ仮һڵĿӣͻȻѿһΪ
ת
Ҷٴһ䣬һɸǿķ֣֮ЯޱǿĿ磬л֮Դ׵磬һײȥ

ʱʩչķѾһ˿ռ䴫¡¡ըһѿ޷׵֮
ãȻǵ֮
ɫ䣬ȫ벻ͨҶ㿴嵭дȴƵ˵ֱ˼顣
ģ
򳹵ױҶָɣػָڿ໥ӡ
Ǳҵģұ£Ȼһδαңݹˣ
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һɿֲƴҶϱֱ񷣬һ׵糯һŭն£ԷȻ޷ȫƱҶѹȥ
Ժ
߷Ӧܿ죬гһһɨƵҶѹơ
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С
ԷĽҶֻЦһֱޱȾ޴ȭͷͻȻ֣·ƾճ֣һȭߡ
ģ
ܸγɵĽĽ𣬸޷ۣһҪ֣ҶһƳɨ
һж
ۣ
ҶٴһУڷĻϣҶԸĽۣڶߡ
飡
ѣߵ߿ռ䶼ˣǸ޷ֵҶ
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ͻȻ֮䣡
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Ե
Ҷһȣֻȭͷ磬ϡ
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ıģ
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ղ˵ʲôҪҵĻǣҵҪ˭˭Ļǣ
ҶһŲһߵؿϣޱ
ȿȣ
߿ԼѪҪ˵ʲôȴ˵侳Ȼһ侳ڽŵ¡
λӣ㲻Ҫɱ˳ϣ
һεεˣɫɴȹŮҲ֮ףɫϧҶ޸о
ɱǣһɣ
Ҷ㲻Ů˳֣ȻѾˡ
ǵĴ¹ӣ泤ϵǸˣ빫Ӹ̧֣ѧԺǷһӣԺһᱨ𣡡
ŮӴĵˣǻȥ޷
һǸͿʵǿ󣬿Ѿ˰ɣ
ҶЦһŮһɨÿɨһˣǶԾĵͷΪҶ˵ûԼ㹻ǿȫ
ʦ㣬ǲҪ˾ɱ˿ħʲôϧʦ飬޶ԣҿһĳݶ֮Ҳá
һƺŭˣʦĿеŮڵҶģʮֲŭȡ
ұ죬ĸûϵ
ɫɴȹŮͻȻŭˣȵ
һθҶˣԼڲìܣһ֣ҶŭҲĵĲˡ
λӣҽѧԺ洫ӣϣ˲С˹ҪΪǳˣ
ŮݣȽϳϿҡ
ԷȻ˵ˣҶҲüɱˣһ
ϣԺҪڿǣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬廯Ϊһǣʧԭء
ʦ㣬ΪҪ˿Ҳĸɱڳˣ
Ҷߺ˷߷߲ƽ


424 ں
Ƕұ죬˼Ҫɱǣһֻûʲôǽ֮գ
۷׷ףеأƺҶ˼
һҶ㶼֪ˣ뿪ȥȥʱҶ㲻ɳĮ̫Զ
Ҷˮ·ںصݣ̻ȥʱ䡣
һ֮Ҷһ޴󺣳ǣǣںֻдǰݡ
֮ԽкںΪĺˮǺɫһޱߣںܵ䣬űɺɫĶһЩа
Щҥʵ˭Ҳ
λӣҪȥǺϾҪˣȱ
վںڱԵҶңһ޼ʵĺںͣʮҾ޴ĸ֣ÿһֶмʮ֮ߡ
ʱһʮӿҶ㷢㶣ʵ
ҪǰݣҴߣ
Ҷ˵أһЩǺܶʱȣֱڱԵ
ʶˣǺžǰݣϾҪˣȱ
ڵӸ£ˣҶҪ˴Բдһʡ
Ҫʯ
ҪںһҪԴϾ˼ôһҾ֣ÿĶԿֲݡ
һ֪Ҫѡһ֣
ڵûֱӱۣǸҶֳ˴ķ
˵
Ҷ㵹ȤȤĿӡ
ģںҪʮʱ䣬ҪһʲƵԴǺܶûЯôԴǾͶһء
ӽܵ
Ҷ˵ͷںҪ߹ɳĮϺܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬÷紵ҪɳĮ֮ࡣ
ʲôأ
Ҷʵ
ģںƽÿһκ綼һЩСС֣ҪȥԸԵһЩã
ڵץץԴʮֺ
Ҷһ˿ԭǸ˳䵱֣һЩΣգЩ˳棬ԾܼһЩ˴ķá
Щ˵Ǹѡ񣬿ԼٷãҳЩҲҲһ·Ϸƽ˾űˡ
ˣ˵ɣ˴ҪԴ
ҶûǸ£ϴ֮󣬰ıչأξͻ֮úùһ
ҪʮԪ鵤
ڵӱһ֣ҶҲʵһ
ʮԪ鵤Ȼܶ࣬Ҷϻһٶ򣬿ҾҲǧˣһֲˡ
ֵģҶҲȻˣʮʱ䣬־ҪǧʯҪܶƷʯ
ʮԪ鵤߰ɣ
ҶóʮԪ鵤ӣǴ
ӣǻһ䣬֪ûȤ
ӿҶ㶼ûüͷóʮԪ鵤ƶԷںЩдһ˵
˵ɣ
Ҷ㿴һ۾֣ΪĲ㣬һ㷿Ƚ϶࣬ҲȽ϶࣬˵һЩ
ڶ㷿˺ܶ࣬ҲˣĿռȽϴ
ڵڶǸ٣ֻȼʮˣֻʮ䣬кܴĻռ䣬ˣר似ĵطһ塣
ڵһ㣬òֻ䣬ط˵ˣʮֿҰãܿԶ
ʣһˣҲû˻ҪټʮԪ鵤
ϾҪˣ϶ѡ䣬ƣҪʮԪ鵤ֻҶʮ
ʮ򣬴·ɣ
ҶóʮԪ鵤Ӹӡ
룡
Ԫ鵤ӴҶ㳯ȥһ㣬Ҷ㿴ɫɫˡ
Ůף˶У˴ģҲߣ˴
ڶ㣬ͨҪȵһúܶ࣬ûжܿڵϡ
ֻвʮˣǰ¶Ҷ㿴ᣬҲ侳ڣȻס㡣
ΪҶ㽫Ͽֻ侳ڣ¶۷Բһע⣬ʮ۷Բǳš
ǷӦʱҶѾ˵Ĳ㣬ʮ໥¶֮ɫ
үүСӿǮӣȻסĲ㣡
һŮҶʧıӰߵİ׺߽εε˵
ͷز¶˶ˣǲҪȥˣȵݣֻҪĲμͿˡ
СѾͷԴ͵˵
үү㲻˵ֻݸѩԭܲμΪǶҲҪȥμأ
СѾͷʮֿɰҲʮ꣬һС¶档
ͲҪˣа취μӱǣǻȥϢɣ
׺үүûнͣСѾͷص˷档
һ໥һۡ
е˼ȻǸʲô
ӣǶʮ߰ң˵ֳӣһµ곤ʵ
˵
ֻ˵һ䣬˽뷿֮С
е˼òӥ˸ղǸСӣ
벻ԶһվһԣӴζЦݳߵŮ˵⻰
ī磬ǲҪ갡иҲ£
ŮЩ̣֪ӥڶɱӶᣬȻ˳ӥħ
˴СһħڸǸаһ֣ʮаʹޡ
˰ɣħǲģҪ£Ǿ䣬Сѡ䣬һҲʲô˵ı¡
ֹŮԸ£ںںϣһ²һ£ɱˣû˰㡣
īģǽȥɣ
Ůק߽֮С
һҶ㲢֪Ĳ֮ĻҪȵϼֹֻ䣬ǳĴ滹иʩһӦȫ
ӣķ䣬ʲôҪ밴ǻרΪ񣬲ǻȡһķá
ڵӴһ䣬ΪҶĻ
Ҷʱоĸоʮݻﻹϴ裬ѵģҪϴ裬ҪԴҲ˵䣬ֻṩҶһϢĵط
ҪԶϴ裬ҪԴһ˸סҶžԼ
֪ˣȥɣ
ҶԴȻԼʱȱԴҲô˷Ѱ
һͻ侳Լ㶫ĲģԪ鵤Ҷһʱյġ
֮֮ѾѡˣҶûʲôڣ߸ȻҲܸݻ
ĵ棬޵ƤëɣʵˮҶӽȥһʯһöʵĹӴӹ
һ죬ſʼʻۿڣããںʻȥ
ڿһ̣ʮ£ĵǴ
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һ֮Ҷӷ֮˳tװϣһ޼ʵĺں˿˿ϮҶϣʮ


425 겻ɢ
ĸҶ㲻֪סʲôˣƺһʱ䶼ûгֹtװֻҶһˡ
һ㣬һ깵һ䣬û˾סʱȴסʮӣӵһ
ǸˣҸоۺܿҪʧȥϵСӾҾϣ취ҳȥ
ԭǺǣ˳Ź۲Ϣ׷ҶĽŲ
ʮֻʣ¾ҶУĬĬʮСһ𳤴Ϭˣÿһ϶ɢŨɱ¾֮
һʱ䣬ҾܳĹۣ
Ҷûж͸һ֮󣬻ص˷棬ۡ
ʱһȥתҶϺѾʱˣʮƽںûһ˿·һƬ
ˣ
ͻȻʱ򣬴ӵһ㴫ҵ˶ѡ
ʼˣʼˣ˭Ըμӵģ
ÿһ䣬ӵһ㴫ڶ㣬ڴ㣬󴫵ҶĶ
ʱ䣡
Ҫ֪ʲô飬Ϊ˳֡
ʶ͸ڶ㣬Ҷһм򣬷Ѿڷźһ޴̨Ȼڴޱ
ʯʤҪսǰ࣬ҪעǰҲ࣬˵һ¹أս߲׼սС磬ǹأ
ֳͭ࣬һӲϵߺţʮֿѵĺ£˶ΧԽƣԻüĳա
ҶջʶûжȤǺֱܿסˡ
սʤ߻Ԫ鵤ʧ߽ҪһԪ鵤иսģ
ӴղŲ˶Ǳſֵкôã׷ͣסŲ
սʧܣֻҪһԪ鵤ͿԣսɹҪõԪ鵤ʤÿʤһֽܵõԪ鵤ʮַ
һǰݣԴѵĲˣÿԴչ֣Ҳܽ˴ķøѾĦȭˡ
Ҷ¶һߣôսʮʤǽķȫ
ûдμӣȻкộҶԣҲû£糹ȹ̣ҲȫҶʱûʲôҪ
Ҷ뿪Ĳʱĸͬʱ򿪣ֱ߳ˣ䶼ֻһʮҡ
˷ֱڶʮңһŮ໥˭ҲʶԿҶһۣһȥ
Ҷ򵥵ķһˣʮԼ͸֮⣬˶侳ҡ
ʮ侳ݶԼһӼĸ
ʧҶҲ󣬳һȥ
һռ󣬵Ҳ࣬ʱ飬ǧ˾һΧ޴̨Ե
Ǳ˵̨սʯ׬ȡԪ鵤
ϧսʧܣʯһ磬ȴʯһȭɡ
ֳʮֻ𱬣˿ʼѹעʯѾһʮųϵ˶ѹʯӮ
ҶҲżȿ˵ʯ򵥣Ӯ峡ʯѾ׬ʮԪ鵤
ۺˣҴÿһζһıȶһΪ˻ƵգڶҲܴһʡ

һվӳһԪ鵤սķãӮˣӮˣһûˡ
ܹƽûȥ粵ϣ̨һֱȥһܴ̼ڶ׬ȡԪ鵤
ʧܵǶȥӺܲңʯһȭɣǶˡ
һĻò׬ȡô˺ܶ࣬ϸ۲ʯʵһɽһվԭأβơ
ȻսʤʯܻԪ鵤ҪһԼûսʤĿܣܣȥҲǶۣװ˷һԪ鵤
һʱȥˣʯѾʮʤȥսԽԽ٣˵ļһɢ
ûսģ
ӿû˼սʱʵ
ܾĵģʯľ粢ǺܸߣҲ侳ڣȴ侳۷Բսòȴ
սʤʯʮԪ鵤ûУûսģ
ɨһܣûսӽôһ˭ҪսʤʯõʮԪ鵤Ŀ̫ˡ
ಣ
һڵӰͻȻ̨ϣһ˫һ㣬͸
ҶվȺУ֮۽һ
ǾȻҲڴϣ
̨һҶܿϳ̨ҶڷżˣҪҪʲô
һԪ鵤ͻȻʧԭأһȭʯɨȥ
ʯ侳ڣѾ侳ڣǲ׼С磬ȻһصıҪֱֹס֡
ȭͷЯһ͵ƣʯٿ
ʯƺҲʶΣһ̸һȭȥ
飡
ǿȭ䣬Һ˾Ĳã侳սҲ޷ֺ
䣡
ʯ˺üһ
ȭΪƣһצʯץȥ飬ڹûֻ
ʯޱ飬ӦսŲһ죬˫ȭȥ
ڴʱͻȻʧ˫ֳʯץȥץʵʯҪʬ
ԹȻͻϮʯûʲô仯ƺϵǼһȭ·ÿһȭôƽ棬ȴֳ޾
ͣ
ʯٶȿ죬ٶȸ죬ܿʯȭ˫צݺݵץʯĺϣʮɺצӡˡ
Ѫܣ
ʯվԭأûκα飬ûһ˿ʹӡ
һɺƴʯϱȻ侳۷Բղѹ˾硣
һʯ䣡
ʯͷž磬Ҫ׼֣ݵʱͻȻվʯˡ
ֱʱʯϲųһ˿ɶɻһ۾ӡ
ˣȥϢɣ
ӿһʯʯȥϢ
ܿʯʶˣԼĺ󱳴ֵĸо綾侳޷⿪ľ綾
һ仯޷ܣʯǶ֣ڻ侳ûлˡ
ʮֿնȺвƺѰʲô
ûսģһսʤλʮԪ鵤˻һ򣡡
еͭ࣬
ûӦ𣬴һղſǿˣʯжˣȥһжŪû
ಣ
ʱһɫӰӷȥ
Ҫս뽻һԪ鵤
սûóԪ鵤ǰѯʡ
Ҳսǰս
ĺ˾ȻսߣǰսǺ⡣
Ҷ㣬֪ҹǵսͷڹ꣬͸ҹԹԵĹ
̨Ǻޣڳ׸ʧȥϵ޷ҵҶȷλãܲһȥѣղų̨һ뵽⡣
֪ʲôˣҶ˭ΪҪսҶ㡣
겻ɢ
̨һ̣ҶͲ²⵽ˣһô򵥡


426 ȷѪ
ǻ겻ɢߵǾ͸
Ҷ֪ܲȥȻԷϴˣ֪ԼҶҲһֱȥˡ
˿ռƬѾƿռ䣬̤ʱ䡣
ϾͻƵ侳Բγ֮ڵ֮һж侳ѾвҶ㡣
ȺԶÿһͨҶ㻺Ⱥ߳ǧ˵˫ˢˢۼҶϡ
үү
һƫƧһʮŮ׺ߵӡ
ǿͿˣҪ£Ҵ򵥣Ҹо˺üɷǳǿϢ
׺СѾͷͷϣҪʲô֮ġ
үүֻ侳Էкü侳û˰ᱻɱġ
ѾˣսʤʯĹҶ֮ȫ¶һʵʰɱҪɱˡ
ÿ춼˱ɱ½ʮֲпᣬ˭Ҳı䣡
׺ߴĳĿ

ܴ֮
Ҷ㣬㻹֣߳
Ҷ߳һֻɢİĹâ
һȺСѣѵǻģȫ
ҶЦһԼڵʱ򣬾ɱʵкܴİսȫɱ
֮˽˶ԹҲҪ棡
޳һεĵطһȭҶ⣬ֻǿ߲ܸܳǱһҰްϢҴˡ
ֳͭľҪǰԤϾһͨıȶϣֳʱһʶ֡
Ҫֹ
ͻȻԭأûֹޣվһԡ
˵꣬⼸ͬʱ֣ҶΧ
ȫˣӺһˣһʮ侳Χһ侳˶⣬һ
磬ϧôҪˣСһǸΪû֣
Զӥſϧ
򵥣ҾСӲôױɱѵûЩһֱڻǻĺúõġ
ӥȽϳţƺŵˡ
˵ûǾ䣬ʮ˲򵥣
ӥ˵ˡ
ϴ侳ڣô˵Ļ㣬һ˾ܽЩ
ӥǿڶ࣬һɫ侳ڣӥһ֣ȫԽʮɱ
ϸ̫࣬ǲɴ⣬ӥãҪ֣ҲҪʮΣԲֻ֪ţʱҶìͷǡ
ӥٳٲ֣ԭģˣϺܶ˶ԶǣʮּɵֻţһὫìͷָǣ⵽Ⱥ
һֵأһ
ΧҶһֱŵЦݣݲȡ
ͬסĲļͬʱһ֣࣬һŮŹҶ㣬ƺͬסһꡣ
Ը㣬ûйؿԣȻɱΪĿģ̣
޲ɵҶĵ֪Ҷʵǿһ޷Ʒȫ֣лὫҶ׽شѧԺ
ǻԥʲôֱӳְɣ
Ҷ¶֮ɫϰǵһķȺ֮
ಣ
üͬʱҶӹмѱڳһ޴յأ㹻ǽ֡
ͬʱҶֻһЦһƶڲ档
ˣҶ㲻뱩©ȫƣǧ˹ۿЩĻϲ⣬Ҷ㲻ò
֪ҶСӣԲδʩչֻ֮似侳ѹҶ㡣
ϧǴ̣ʮ侳ͬʱҶѹȹҶ㻹ǻ磬ȫ𲻵κá
ն
һһ׵֣Ҷ޷ͻȻֵ׵֮ݿǵķߡ
ͣ
һ㣬пһ壬ƣҶ˿ǣԪҶǿʶѹȣҶʤһ
׵˵һ̣ҶͻȻûлʽֻĶԿ
֮ҶҪԣļޣղʯҶһ似һԽԽǿ󣬶ȥӼ򣬻عԴ
򵥵һȭʮֱӣȴ޴׽ûжܣֻͬھĴ򷨡
飡
Ҷȭͷһײһ𣬲˼һĻˡ
꣡
Ѫɡ
еĹͻȻըҶһȭ򱬣Ѫĵǡ
ۡ
ܲ˿ʼŶӣŻŵϵ⣬вԴһЩ⻹䶯ֱ

վڲԶСѾͷͻȻתԴһУͷԼүүĻ
黹ԶԶûнجβŸոտʼһץҶ㳯һץ˹ȥʮָðֱӲ档

ҶҪ侳ķ򣬴㽫ȫչȴھħ֮Уȿڶ
ɲǼĹֻʣһƤĳ˲ִҶ㡣
ͣ
ĴҶ壬ûѪĳǻĽҶɫ壬ˡ

ҶܵѪĴ̼ɱħ꺣ҶҪɱˣͷɱħ֮
˫ֽԼסʹһŤšϣһ壬Ͻ档
ͣ
Ѫ䣬Ͻ֮ѪȪһ䵽Ҷϡ
ȥϵѪҶ˫ֲ棬編ƣΪƤҶյһɶ
һз̫죬˭ҲûзӦҶɱˣͬȫ޷ܡ
ȻҶԽսǾԲ˸ɴ
ô𾪵ҶȻֵܵ侳侳ĳȻ޷̴壬ѵ
⼸ʱѾγ˼л֮ƣûҶٶȿ죬Ҷ㼸һʱɱ
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Ҳһ˿Ũ֮ɫסΦˣ˵ϣҲҪη壬µǽǿµľ

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תۼ䣬ѾʮͷԾϼа壬һӵϣʼɱ
ڵȻҸ
һȴ˳ƣһӸõڵȴ屻һΪеĺڵ˳ȥ
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430 
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ǸҶȣѪĳ嶯Ҷ㻹侳ɣȻ伶ĺ裬ûκѹͲԾںɱˡ
Ҷ㲻Լ̫죬ǿѹеɱħѾԾºں
һʱ֮󣬺迪ʼȥװϳȳζͷ裬Ҷɱ˾ųϡ
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źںͷҶ׼˷ʹ֮չԶȥ
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ʹ֮ͻȻ٣һĨǿ⣬ʣҶ㶸Ȼ١
֮⣬ʶڷһЩߣ֮ңɸѡ񶨸Ҷϡ
ΪֻҶϢʮİȲϢʮƣֻǴʱһɱ¾֮
Сӣԭ㣬ҵˣ
Ҷ֮󣬹˸һ˿ŭ⣬Ҷ첢İɱӷɵʱ򣬹͵Ҷ㣬ǳ໹òһ

ռһѷ죬ûռ֮УȻռ䣬̾롣
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һյʱȥˣΣԽԽֻнǰɽҶл侳׷ɱ
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Ϊɵͣɱң
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ɱǵʱҶ뵽ˣһ侳ע⣬Ҷ㻹ѡɱǡ
ĳ綼ӱܲǰ취Ѿɱ侳ɱˣֻҪһݻȥһҲ⵽侳׷ɱҶ㲢ڡ
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Ϊҵģ
˿Ϫˮķ򣬹ʧԭأ֪ҶҪ


438 ռ
Ҷ㱻Ϫˮֻס֪Ư
һƬֻýʶɢȥϪˮԽԽղŻʣǼ½
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶ屻һɾ˸˳ʧȥӰյ䡣

Ҷо磬ԼȻ嵽һٲ棬弱䡣
ʹ֮һ죬Ҷವһ׼֮󣬿룬侳Ӧúܷܿ
Ҷµûֵһ̣һɿֲƺɨһֱȺڷԲǧ֮ڣֻҪ˳֣ܵһʱӦ
˼ҶȫѧԺɸϣֻҪѧԺΧͰȫˣ컹ҵѧԺΧҰʱԺͻ档
ѧԺ컹Ҫһʱ䣬ҶԽԽһ׷ϣҶ϶ѡ
Ҷ㣬㻹ǹԹԵľܰɣһһʹ죬ץסһܣ
ҶĶ߼
бץң
Ȼ֮䣬ʹ֮䳤һЩٶȱ޷Уʹ֮Խ˲١
Ҳֻά˹׷ϵʱ䣬ܳװѣһʱ䣬ܳ׷Ҷ㡣
һֱôȥҲǰ취Ҫ취ſԣ
ҶȻô˵ʮֽ벻õĶԲߣûκΰ취
ʵڲо͵ƴˣҲᱻ׽ȥ
ҶһҲùץȥ
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ۣ
뼸ǧ֮Ҷ㣬ͻȻһѪǿתɱ¾֮Ҳ˺һЩԴ
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ӵĺǣҲҪץ㣬
ವһʧԭأ׷ղŲŵ
ղһԭͽɱ¾֮Լһ޴ɱ¾֮ʣûбʣôȥã㱻ɱ¾֮ɡ
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֮ҶٶȱҪ׷ԼҪ˷һʱ䡣
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˵ɣʲô취
ֻҪѹ׷ɱ˵ΣգһҶҲҪðһð
ҿԴ㴩ռ䣬ܰѺľܲסڲռ䣬ִԪ磬׽˺ѡ
ռһΪΣռ䣬侳״ξռ䣬侳״룬ⱻԪ˺塣
ڴԪռ䣬Сڶҽ룬Ϊ붼޷ƿء
ˣܱ׷ɱȥöˣ
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СϷһ͵ĹâҶǰͻȻһѷ죬һһ˲ʧԭء
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ռ䣬һһСķУҶоȫиԼ壬ܼʹ࣬пܳױ


439 ɹ
ռ䣬һƬڣҶȫֱ治ֻСӵԼΣ
ԽԽʹֱۻǰسֲѷ죬ٲ뿪ڲռ䣬Ҷķѡ
֪ڲռޱΣյ飬Ҷ㹻ǿ⻹Сӵı֮£ԼҪ
һ侳ѱ޾ֱ˺ѣĲ궼˺÷顣
Сӣǻжòܳȥ
ҶȪ޸Լάֲ˺ѵ塣
ٵȵȣҾǹϢǲǺԶһ뿪ڲռ䣬ܿͻᱻ֣
С۵ܿΪʱȥǺܰȫûΣգҪԶĵط
ȻСô˵ҶûзֻȫȪҲ˲᲻ãһȪֻǸƷ
ʱ䣬ҶȪ˽룬ѾʣǺܶࡣ
һʱ֮ҶƺѾӦռѹһЩ紵Ҳܳܣһ·У޸֪ٴαһ
ʱ֮СͻȻҶವһʧԭأ뿪ռ䣬ܵѹȻᡣ

Ҷо磬СӴռٶȼֱﵽ˷˼ĵز˲䣬ƴҡ
ֺ֮ڰĴ󣬴ӿռ˳ѾѧԺΧ
Сӣһζ㣬ǽģ
ҶҲģóһöƷʯ͸Сӡ
лˣ
С˷ܵ֨֨С
ԺˣҸ㽨Լϵϣ˽ϢԺ㻹ǽҴɣ
Ҷ㲻ϲƺʮ͵ĳС˵
СһˮĴ۾Ҷ㣬ежһ޽Լϵ˳ƺû뵽ҶȻСӵƽȵĴڣ˿ûūСӵĴ㡣
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ѧԺΧҶһһѧԺȥ
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Ҷ㻹ǵ׵һγȥҶ˳·Ҳõ˲ҩÿ͸˳ڿ׵Ƿ񻯡
ν˰ﵽףҶ˵ԭ򣬲Ȼʧˡ
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ʦ㲻ҪܰңʦͲҪ̫ˣ
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һ֮ҶĴ£ɵϣѾа˾ۼһɹǿսȥ
Ҷ磬Ƚ洫ʮʥҪܴսһ£ҽսǰһݣ
ҶƼս
ս̫ˣ㲻ʧ𡣡
Ҷӡ


440 Ҷս
һװͿʵѾ侳۷Բһܽ侳ҶĶ֣ԣҰѵڶλø㣬ǧҪս⣬˵ѾͻƵ侳⽫Լ۷Բ
ԣ⽫ڶλøҶ㡣
лʦĺ⣬Ȼˣһսɣ
ҶϰԵӣʵӦҲԭģҶսҲԭġ
ΪĵĸҶ͵кüΰҶ㶼߻˶顣
Ҳ˼ǰʮмˣҶڸĹϵȻȥս
屻˸ﵹһȻ䳡Ҳ࣬ڷʮӣſֱʮʥӡ
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ܷһѾܿһЩĳΣʵֲܿ϶ֶ֮ɫ
񱩵ƳҶѹ˹ȥϣһлҶ㣬ںݺݵһ
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˲²⣬Ҷ֧ʮУѾǼˣϾʥӣʥҲкüˣ̺
ǿδأʦʲôʱ³ç飬ô˵һĵҲҶ㻹ܸһϲ
Ҳ˲ͬΪҶʵսϾҶʵҵڻû͸ҲһֱӰԼʵʵ
˵硣֧Ҷ㣬֧Ȼ֧˾Ӷࡣ
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441 ǿƵҶ
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446 ɱ
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Ҷֳ죬˵


447 Բ
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罣֣ոлӣҶСӽˡ
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л˹ε
ˣһжˣ
ʤܺãû뵽Ľ֡


448 
ԨˣҾټҰǨ뿪˻ʳǡ
ҶǴż˻صѧԺһ·֮ϣ÷ƺӦʲôҶЩ仯ΪŮˣһʱ͸Ӧˡ
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֪̫ɻЩɻǳȥ֮һһһΪǰҳȥ˺ſԡ
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ûݹҶ˽ˣԭϬ²
˴˲ϲԷһϬ˴Ϭɹ


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͡
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Сӣʲô֣
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һ˹һһĶ滹öͭǮһĶڹ


461 ˷
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462 
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߻Ҳֻͬ⣬ڵ޷ҳħߣΪ棬ħǡ
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Ŀռ䶼ħˣԾռ䣬ħ֮뿪
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463 
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ҵһƣΣԺܴ󣡡
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һ֮˸оڲǺԶˣСʱ䣬ܳ뿪
ҹǱֲɱѾ
߻ǱҲǣħϢ


464 ӳ
ԽԽԵѪħǸӴΪħ߷˴Ѫħӿ
ſһѨԵҶֹͣǰֻʮʱ䣬Ҷٳûжڵȡ
Ҷ㣬ڵʲô
Ҷһĳ̲סʵ
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ʶԭ滹ħڵȺһóȻȥпħ»ֱײǹϡ
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ôѵѧԺӲҽҵս
ҹų֮УԱģһ˿̡


465 ϹѪ
ҹƣҶϴŵЦ
ҿԽսǾĳЩˣصߣֻǿߣսң
ҶҲǳ̣˼ҹˣпܻصߣǿΪ
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ҲǰԻͣһѪϡûм̳Ѫͻ㣬ҲĳЩ֮󣬼˾Ѫ᳹׼̳һС
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ҶҲˣҹϵƷ΢ı仯һɺĵζԼѹȶϹʱڲֵܳ顣
Ѫ֮е˼
ҶǻһߣҪ˽Ѫ֮
¾Ѫ֮ӦĴڣԼûбʲôѪҶһȻɣԼѪͨѪ
ҶҵҶҲδʲôҶ㲻ѪƫƫҶֻĵ뷨
Ҷ㣬ˣ
Ѫ֮Ժҹʵһֹﵽ侳۷ҡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬оһ˿ѹ侳۷壬Ҷ㲻˿⡣


466 Ѫ
ҹʵͻȻҶѹоһɽԼѹȶ
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˻Ȼǲδ汲ֻǵ;˵ڿҹѪ֮󣬷ʲô
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Գǿһķ޷ƿǵǳѲҶȻԼĶ̴Էĳƴ
ֱۻӳ֮󣬷һ֮ռֱӱҹ򱬣Ҷоһǿ糯ԼϮǿҶΧ͵
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Ҷħű书õ֮ǣֻ޾Ѫõ˿ռ䷴зħĥҶѵһֲĵز
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ҵʯŻѵȺ򽹼˲˹ȥҶһƣ˳
Ҷ磬Ҹ
ûȥŽҶ㡣
Ѿûˣһյʱ䣬ѹǹȥɣ
Ҷ͵˵
Ҷ磬лˣ
һ˵Ҷ㻳ϲ
ѩһ֮УԼĸף𽥺תϵĶʧ
ûˣȥɣ
ҶɿȥϾʮھΣ޷Լĸס
Ҷ硭
ϳԥ֮ɫ
İɣԲģȻѡɭ֣Ӧÿǹ㲻Ҫ鶼ȥˡ
еĽᶼˣ޷ԣ˴½ǣѡ˽ҡ
ҶϥָһһҹǿʶҶƣ
磬ʶƣ̷һλƣһصľ磬򵽺ܶ벻Ķ
˵ʶƣʱҲʱʱ򣬻кܶණ˲ʶԼ벻
𣿡
Ҷ˾ó߻͸ԼĻƣ治ֹʮΣǸ߻Լġ
ûԥֽһλƣҶ̷ΪһɸϢǽ壬ǴܽҶ꺣档
ʱ䣡
Ҷ̨һƬ·վһƬ޾֮У˽һľ硣
ͷҶ꺣һһɨͷǰģģһһ֡
ʣ顭
Ҷڲ˵ʷ˷츲صı仯ʱҶ϶һɳϢ·ʳ˼̻
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶѣ˫ۣ⾳֮˳ޱԲ
˫ۣǰվˣŮһʮҵӡ
䲮
Ҷæʩ񣬱ѩסǵĸףҶȹָ֮߰˰ˣֻǾ绹ûȫָҪһʱ䡣
̫飬ʣȻ
ӴŹҶ㣬ղѹãѾǰ˸ףȲĳ˭ԼÿҶĻڡ
ףλǸղŸ˵Ҷ磬㣡
ѩʱãھȹˡ
лݶҼˣ
ĸײǽ֮ˣҶ㱧һȭЩͿԣûбҪ˵
ˣֻԾౡ֮λʦ㸶ĸֻ࣬ǴƲһ£
Ҷǫ˵һ䡣
˵
ĸֳҶ㷢룬һϸһĳҶ˵ͷ
ûʲô󰭣Ϣ꣬ȫָ
ôһֱţҶеΡ
࣬û뵽࣡
ĸͻȻ˼ˣüͷ壬ƺ˼ʲô
ףʲô࣡
ɻʵ֪ԼĸԶһЩ֪ʶ
ҶҲͶʲôࡣ
磡
ĸ׻˵ûʲôоҶһ
ԼԽֻһνҲ˵ùȥ޸ĸ
ǰʱҶԼĸ˭֪Ӷ¿ʼڵص֮£ԽҶȻҶĸףҲֻ壬Ƕġ
ѩȫ
ϸ˵һ𣿡
Ҷһõʶûѩ֪
ֻǴһżϿҪ󸻴󣬳꣬Ҫ⵽ʣزۣ췣
ĸҲǴ
Ҷϸϸ䣬ԼԽżȻǰҶ⣬زۣԼĸĸ㱻塣
ԼԽŸı̸ϴ󸻴ҶѾڸ췣Ҷ˵ʱħʱѵЩкܴĹϵ
ҶڤڤиоԼһ޴֮У޷²⡣
Ҳ̫⣬Ҳҿˣղҿ磬дһ˵
Ҷüĸ׽˵Ҷ㲻ҪѹҲֻɺ϶ѡ
Ϊ
Ҷڶʳ⡣
ղžͽ뵽磬һ˿ĺۼ
ĸ׽ղҶֵ˵һ顣
Ҷϸϸ䣬һղŻ꺣ֵľ󣬷Լ꺣һЩЩ˵ƺص϶ȸˣȻȥʱо
ˣҪ̫ˣֻҪʧģҵԼ
ĸٴѣҶඥȫж⣬һ˿м
ûֻҪҲʧģ֮лǰͽ̣
ҶͻȻվһʧĸһǰ鳣Ҷ㳹׻ѡ
ҲãҲգҪǲʧģԡ
Ҷص٪޷壬˿֪ڷżı仯Ҷ֪ʲôкøԶˡ
ӴԽ࣬ҶоѹԽԽʧģͻȻѣ⿪ҶĽᡣ
ʲô磬ɽ磬ҪͳͳȥҾңҪľһһӡÿһ飡
ҶоȫͻȻһɣи˾ڷ仯ø
ҶʧķĸͻȻ̾Ϣһ
ףΪ̾Ϣ
ŮЩûкúԼĸף㸸׼졣
ûʲôǽݰɣ
ѩһͷˮҲû˵ʲôʱʲôȸ׶ؽ˸˵顣
ص٪޷壬ҶԸȥԼҪչؼ죬úõĳһ£Լ̫̫๦ԵĶɡ


474 
ѪħսҶûʱϢڿԳ
УǻƣһжʮΣóʮγ˷ãԼʮΣ
Ҷóʮλƣ˰УԼ̷һΣʣ¾ŵΡ
磬Ҫ͸ǣѵ̷֪ƣܴ꣬һЩ
е㲻ţΪҶóλƾͲˣ˭ָ֪һ룬˽ġ
Ȼ֪ãϾҪԼһ̤۷壡
Ҷ㲻ųͨ꣬վҼȻҶӦ˰УȻҪŵԡ
˵ûãϾܻغۼǾ̫ͣǰʥƷ
˵
һܳɳֵزһ棬Ҫ꣬Ȼӵǿӵһų꣬һܳΪǿߡ
˵©ģ©˺˽ľ磬ͨ־磬Լꡣ
ȥˣҪסƲ̷ҪһһΣ
һ䡣
Ҷ˵ͷϥ£ʶ꺣ʼĦղԺһЩ
ʶ꺣֮Ҷ㷢ֻ꺣ǰһˣһЩȻַ˵·Ȼγɡ
ĻƣֲһЩ©ĵط
Ҷÿ˵궼©ͨϳɳ©ԽԽԣҲ㡣
ÿ˶㣬Сģ˽˴󵨣˵СɣųЩԵ㣬ӳʱѾγɡ
Ҷ㷢Լûκα鲨κ鶼޷Ҷԣƴĺô
ΪԽԽ©ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽԣҪϵȥƣòƣߵΪǰײħ
óݣҶݣȻ粻ͻ侳Ҷͻơ
ĺҶѼöݣƷ׶ͣҶȫȡͻƵ侳ڡ
ͻƣԺ󾳽粻⣬ֻҪҶ㲻ȥ綼̤侳
һöݺܿ챻ҶΪĻ뵽Ҷ꺣֮Уֻڿٵ
ڵĻѾ侳۷״̬Ҷ㻹һСܽ侳ڡ
Ҷ־粻ֻΪ½ٳ֣ҲһЩעΣ
öݿٵıɣҶһأֻûͻƵ侳ڣһõ֮ȻûֱӻøԲ硣
֮ì
ҶһͺȣѾ֮ìȻ֣ƯҶǰðһɿµ֮Ϣ
ܺã侳۷壬ڵ֮ì侳۷һ
Ҷʮ⣬˽֮Ҷо֮ìϢǿֲ
ջ֮ìҶóƲݣ溬һ˿Īĺô
һֱ׷Ŀ꣬һ˿Ѹ𽥻һЩȻͨƲݷҲá
ϴҶһƲݣʱͲһܾһ˿⼸ƲݣҶţԼһܳɹһ˿
һƲݱ˳Ҷ˿룬һ㽫ƾ
һȵ֣˳ƲݽҶ棬ҶͻȻһоһǿڲ֡
֮ǣʱƲݣֱ绢
Ҷһö֮ǣȻֻѾһ˿⾳Ʋݵ֮֮ƺѡ
ȫͻȻǵҶֹڸı̬֮ڱ仯һ˿˿֣֮͸
һƲʧҶδóڶƲݣա
һ˿Ҷ֮Уһ֮ң
ȫÿһͷÿһѪƺ䶯ϵĸı̬ķ£
ʱϢţҶڹ飬ѾˣϵѧԺ߲㣬µѧԺţ̸۵Ļ⡣
ϴγȥҶȵã
ĳϵס˺Ҷ裬ĳϴ
Ŷ
¶֮ɫ
һҶʵ侳ϴΪأ
ĳͻȻչʵ
ҲҶʵȷ侳
˼һ£˵
ⲻܰɣҿۿһͷͷħҵŶܣɱ
ĳһֱΪҶ˾磬û뵽ʵ侳
ԺأҪһ£ԽԽʱԺҪʮʥǰԨ̨ҲҪ׼һˣ
Ϻһڲ裬ϵıǹžʲô鲨
̸䣬ҵһ飬Ҽǵһɣ᲻дĴг֣
ĳ˷֮ɫ
пܣΪһѭҲִĴУϣѧԺҪĻᣡ
ͻȻһ꣬û뵽һȥˡ
һѧԺ϶ܶһ
ĳҶֲʵΪҶлȡһ
ϣ˰ɣ
˱ߺȱ̸һֱƻ裬ҶѾƲݡ
Ҷʱȫʮȣ·йǱҪԼ壬
ɢ֮ѣһ˿˿Ǵ֮͸ա
ƲݳΪһҶա

ҶͻȻһ٪޷ͻȻһΣ·˵һ㣬ʮӣͻȻſ˫ۣ嶥֮Ͽȥ
ҵĻζڼʼɽ壬٪޷ϴݳȥһЩСŵɪɪȻ޷̧ͷ
ڱչصĵͬʱ˫Ŀ٪޷壬˼ʣĽ˸п
Х֮ϣɫӱչ˳ҡβѵ٪޷壬Ŀ¡
Ҷ㣬ҳҪ
ͶһŨҵɱ⣬ֱ̲񷡣
٪޷忿ļɽ嶼оˣҵҡγʱ䣬ֹͣ
ܿʧҶͻȻʧԭأһԾһտĴ֮Уһ䣬һһȵ֡
䣡
Ҷûʩչ似ҲûжԪݺݻһȭһҵײǰһͨռֱӱҶˡ
ǿֻǵһ˿Ȼô
Ҷ˷ܲѣƲݣҶھһ˿оǱһͷֻѵ״̬
ԺҪҵĹĶ֮ܽǳ׽֮ǣ
Ҷһ̾Խǿ󣬾ܳظ
ջأҶȫϢָܿһӡ
̷һλԣ
Ҷ̷ִûϸϸƷζ̷һΣúøһ¡


475 ͬ
һҶȫ񣬷ֽһλƣ¡
̣
Ҷ꺣ͻȻһ̫գʶһ͸ȥ·ϡ
ԽԽߣҶȻؿԼı壬ֱڴ룬ڲ֮ܿϡ
һҶǰǾĵһ죬оأֻͻƾ죬ܿ硣
Ҷͣڵһ棬գִ֯ĺۼ֣̫ͷҶľȻڿٵ
־粻ΪϵϵҶõڹͣ·һεƶҶǰ
һ˵ĸ߶ȣȡĸ߶ȣԽԽ㣬ҶľҲҪȻһֱݡ
Ŀ˼ҶϸϸζƵζ崿һ˿ζζıᡣ
֮Ϊƣⲻ֪ᣡ
һλƳһյʱ䣬Ҷܿ״̬֮˳ص˱壬˫ۣһ˿󳹴ϡ
ԭҪѭ򽥽һͣɣ
Ҷ㳤һҵ˺ܶײ
ħҶ㣬Ҷʵûк֮ǡ
Ҷľײͻᱩ©Բȶ飬ԿԼ飬ЩǱ׶ˡ
̷˻֮Ҷ㷢Щ⣬ȻԼħų⣬ڿҪŻһЩٶȣһľһʵ
ЩҶ֮ԿʵһʱΣգԱҶ㲻òʵԱ
οʼʱҶ㶮òǺ߲ܶ࣬ѧԺԲԽԽ࣬Ҷע
֮ЩԼͻƣԵƿΪǵԵΪ޷Ȼ̷鵤ҩҲ޼¡
һЩ˳˵ģҲһ򣬾éٿŶľж⣬ľı仯
򵥵Ĳ鿴һ壬Ҷ㷢Լ϶˲٣ΨһǷȱľǹԪأҶԪ޷γһѭ
Ҷʦ֣룡
ڴ֮⣬վ棬ûҽǸҶ㴫
֪ˣϾȥ
Ҷһ䣬ԼһαչѾȥüʱˡ
һ·Ҷ㽫ȫʱһһ׸ɾİɫ·Եøǿʡ
׼˷Ҷ㳯ϵɽȥʮʱ䣬Ҷ㷢ֻҲ߷Уϡ
һУҶɽ֮ϣе֮ڡ
Ҷ磬ˣ
Ҷ㵽һ̣ʮֿԼײ֮Ը˾ת
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ҶһɨʮʥӶڡ
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ĳϣЦǺǵ
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ƽʱЦĳϣҶô飬˶¶֮ɫҶ㵽кʮѾһ󲿷ƫ̻Ҷ㡣
˵Цˣⲻɷ𣡡
Ҷ֣͸ĳһ飬ҶΪֵãָԷʩԼʲô
ĳϣΪδͻȻټ
Ҷ㽫ԼĳϵĹϵģĴø֪֪ԼĳһԼ˵޹Ҫĳ˵Ϲȥ
ĳϴŸмһҶ㣬ĵ˵ͷҶ㵱ڴԼһĳϻ²̨
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ĳϰ˰֣ƺҲ֪
ܿ죬һһֱҶкرǻԪˣԼϣ峤ϣõҶĺôǣڼҶ㣬ֱҪȼԺҪ
ʥһľګƺѾľˣҶһδδѧԺļ¼Ǹʮȫֵܣƺϡˡ
ֻһվһԣȫɢһĺ⣬Ŷ񶾵Ҷ㣬ƺΪõ鹢ڻѧԺĳ衣
һʱ䣬ϻ˫ֿһģ
Ҷ𣿡
һɨ˵϶ɨһۡ
ˣ
ʮʥӣȫһ
ܺãνмҪʮ˺ɣ֮ǰһμ⣬Ҳһĥǵԣ
˵
ϵ˵ͷƺʲôƳһ£ĥʮˣȡһʵʱ򣬸
ʮʥû˵ȥ
յٹаħڵϢĴɱ޹ɱӶᣬѾʼѧԺΧѾһСаħڵɱȫʬʮֲ̣һεǲаħڣһܶǣҲһ¡
ΪҼ򵥵˵һ飬ԭҪʮаħڣһΪʵڶҲΪ˼ٸ޹аħڵ
ΪѧԺӦħһЩаħɱ֮죬ɶϣ峤ϣ߳ϣԴӣǲ֣ǳΣһжҪԼ𣡡
ϴĺȵ
ˣ
ʮʥվһţغ
ãǾͳʣѧԺԺѾأѧԺڴƽڣ˰һ¾Ϳԣ
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ѧԺ֪ϵţŴϣڴ϶ʮ𾴡
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ʮͳһھҶ֮ãһζıչأʵһľõҶҪȥһĥ£ЩеĶȫĥһ顣
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һ֣ʮ˿뿪ˣˣֻǵİȫ⣬һ·κȫ档
ʮһۣѧԺʷһʮʥһȥ»޴ĺ䶯
ʮʥӣһ֮ӣһʵһЩš
ȻߵʥһһЩ־һЩʵʮҶҲ鵽һЩаħڵϢ
ħͻƳǣҺҶ㼰ʱϻأħǳаħڣ⵽аħڵ˴ҿл޼ʱ֣Žаħڵ˻ˡ
ȻҶûлص壬ΪҶӡǣԼκ飬Ҷ㶼֪һ
һǰаħڣҶҲ˽һ¶ԹԺаħڵȥɧԼļˡ
Ҷ磬ƾЩܽаħҿ˵аħѾʬʵ侳۷壬Щǰȥǰװ
֮ϣҶһʶ
İɣȻ֪ϢѧԺֻ֪ܲҪΪˣȡĥ£Ĳȥǣ
ҶŰοһεĿҪǣѧԺŲǰװء


476 
аħڴ·̣ʮ˲ҪܵҲżȨһ
ʱ׿ʮ˷ֳ飬м˸һЩ˻ʵĸ
ᣬˣһҶˣһ·˵Цܿ쿴һǡ
ʦ֣ǲŸ·ǲȥϢһ£Ե㶫·
ʱЦǺǵ˵
ҵɣ
ûҪҵѧԺȻδ֣϶ڰмǣҪֳһʥӵһ˵ģʮִȣ
ڳ˿һִۣҶеۣһ¡
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еĿĿǣݣһװɫԵٷ硣
ŮգһɫĳȹϽ׵ļԵóֱһ¡
ЩĽߵõͷе㲻˼Щ˾ȻҶ㵱¹ϵˡ
û뵽ڶҲкߵһ̣
ʱǿȤ
Ųھʹȣ
ıһŵǿӣϽܿ
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ԾƵ裬ΣʫʫӦٺһ
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һҶʮͬܶ˺Ⱦ֮󣬱©ȷʵǳªһ棬мƷơ
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ҶҲǰкãȳһѪ˵ԡ
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ͻȻĪ˵һƺָҶҲͷһϴδĸһ࣬û뵽ˡ
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뽺״̬һЩѱ飬Ϊ촷ɢڿ֮УֻӵȻȻĺСơ


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ܺãȻҵڶУ
ӵɸղʮţŨأûܽӵҶȻ


480 Ϲѩ
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ƽǺЦҿĸҲˣ̫ʧˣ
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ŴճԼҶһӣһɾ֣һĨǿ磬ֱӽճƷ˳ȥ
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ʵһѧԺĲֹһˣһʮʥӣϣģĿľȡаħڣЩаħڵǴճҲΪʿȻа޼ɵĲȥ
ҶԴǣԼţ˵һȻĻ
˵ʲôѧԺʮʥȫۣ
ѧԺʮʥӿǽʮϵĽӰˣһǾţԽսȻȫǰϣ˴ճע⡣
ڸ˵Ļ˰ɣֻѧԺܰǴճǣ
ҶƽƺϵǰճǣԼջ㣬ճǵаħڣɰա
һ·ϣҶһ£ƾʮʥӣûгϰҪаħڣֻɻᣬҪϵ޷죬п
ճͱ׶ˣҶֻǰ鿴һû뵽ջһƲγɡ
ʬûаħṩĽҩǴճǳ綼ᱻ̲
ճ̾ϢһγаħڣЩаħһ͸ƺҪɵǴճǡ
˵ɣ̧ˣΪͽаħڣܻҩ𣡡
ҶЦһų֮ɫ
˻
ٳЩȡ
ղҲ˵ˣ漫пܾаħڵ˹ⰵ֣Ϊǻĸǽҩ𣬾ǽҩҲǼٵģʱҲ͹паħڵһңǴճֱӸˣ
Ҷǲ̲䲻ȣʲôǳÿһ仰ģôճ亹ֱ
ףҶ֮Ǹаħڻܽʲô壬ǽͽӣԷóҩǴճһǻᱻ̲
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ǲӦĶô죬Ǵճڽ£棬˵аħڣһЩʵ̲ǣ
ճ֪аħڽ뻢ıƤвͨҲûиõİ취
Ҷ֣ǴճǵҲˣʲôõĽ飬˵ǴճǸô
ٳǽĿ⿴Ҷ㣬Ҷı飬һгӣ϶û˵
ϵʬа취⿪и
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ʲôܽ⿪ʬ
һֵճٳһ𾪺ʬ⿪ճȻܵаħڵвȡ
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Ҷһ仰һˮճ齽ȥ
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ܼ򵥣һаħڣǴճǱҪӦҲܰⶾ
Ҷ˵Լϣճǵһаħڡ
ճ˼ˣغճǵǰ̣ʧܣճǽڣӦԴճڵ״֧Ų˼ꡣ
ףǴճǳ̫ˣô֪ǴճȻڣ
ٳһ֮ɫаħԿճʤ㲻󣬵ǻѧԺʮʥӣɹļʾʹӡ
һҪһ䣬һѧԺϲ֣һҪԼǿˣðգȨûҾʹ˸ǣ
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ճ˾һѣ϶ˣҲлᣬȻʧˣֻǰ˴ճǣڵ״ճǳ綼ᱻ̲һѡ
ˬ죬ôˣһһὫƻ֪ǣȥĶ
Ҷһ˿аЦ¶Цݣ˴ճǵİֶ˼ְա
Ҷֵܿ룡
ճϽҶ㳯ȥҲһյʱ䣬ǰһԺӣܵѱǲɢȥΪʬһͻᴫŪճǶһǡ
ƿţճʮСģһŨŨʬдһЩڷм䣬һߣѱɺɫʬı󣬵ʬ࣬ͻữΪһʬӴȫʧʩ߲ٿء
ǳȥһ£
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ΪҶϸûʲôⶾҶǿнϵʬԾħǼɵĲɵ顣
Ҷ㻹ǲ̫˾ȣæµһʱֹͣⶾʵҶͽˣ˳㻹һ½һָ֮ʵˣƻ
ǿԽˣ
ҶڷȺʱĴճȲƿţַʬˣϻָ֮ɫ
лҶֳȣǸм
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Ҷһ֮ɫ֮Գֻ֣ϣõճǵİ
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485 ʩ
ڴճҶ㶼һʱ䣬ܿ뿪
뿪ʱҶǿǴŵЦ⣬Ц˭ҲֻҶԼ
صסʱͼˣҶͻȻʧЩʥһȻɣҶǲǹӣĿġ
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е𱸣¶֮ɫ
ҳȥе飬һһεļƻ
Ҷûн͵̫Щ飬ûбҪȫߴҡ
Ҷ磬첻ǰаħߣǼ˲٣ȡǵݣֻҪװһ£Ǿö֮Ľаħڡ
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ˣϢһ죬ǰаħڣ
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һҲ˺ܶ࣬ϾһǣΣݲ˽˶Թʲô鶼Ҫ֮Ժ󣬽˳ɡ
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֣һķȫȼǶ棬ʬ壬ȫΪҽҶĻ֮Ѵﵽ𼶱ҪͨĻǿٱ
Ҳʱ䣬ԲǧףΪһѻҽҲ˲аħڵӵע⡣
߻ʱŴͬʱðŨŨаħһƬ֮Уÿһ𺣣аħҪ֮
Ŵ棬ҶüͷչȻʮѹ֣޹аħ֮£ΪЩ鱨ʱˡ
Ĵ𣬻δǰĴȻϲӭ׵Ķ黺ɽ֮ϣһյʱ䣬ܽаħڡ
ͷǴճ󻹸ŴˣȻǧǰףƺƵаħǰС
Ҷûжһ·һ䣬аħڵȥոʱˡ
Զ֮ϣ棬ðܴ𣬶¶һ˿΢Ц
û뵽ҶȻ뵽Ʋߣ
峤꣬ȻûĿ̣鶼ǵĶĿ
ıվһçıǴ֮ˣҶ㵹Ǹһϲ
ԪҲǰһɽģ֮˵ʶڷ仯һɳʣĪɹ֮
Ҷ֮뵽Ʋߣû𹥣ϮаħڲǴϴѪħսɼľ飬ơ
ҸȤǣҶô֪аħڲṹʮ֮
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ԽԽӵƣɽϷɿ𣬶ʱ䣬аħһƬ𺣡
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аħڴ󲿷˶аЩŮӼֱò㣬һаĶûԶ˵аħڣ޶˵ö֮
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ҶЦһͻȻϮаħҲڼƻ֮ڣҶÿһǰռƻ£ֻҪסаħɹϣӼ֡
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ҶһƮȻ뿪ԭأûжʱаħѾһţսʱ̡
ϳⲻҶļƻֻնݳаħκξĻᡣ
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аħڣҶûκ֮ģɱ⿪ʼۣɱɱħҪʹɱ¾
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487 аħڣϣ
ԥҶʱʬ죬һ侳޷ֵɢҶע
ᣬ֪ҶȻ˵Լа취һ뿪ѡţΪΪҶ׸
ʥȫ뿪ֻҶһ˻аħϿգаħţճɫͨ죬ڱȫëףԷʬ롣
뿪ʬŨ޷ֵѾһεˣ˸аͬھ
ճʱճȥ׼аħһͬھ
治ɣճ㣬ԺǴճ㣡
ճʱȿǵĻԼĻҵѹճǳ綼ᱻ̲
ʱ㻹ǵҵʵʧ͸Ͻ뿪
¶ŭʮֲˣҶ㣬´ճѱаħʱ̲ˡ
ҧҧճѡ뿪ڴȥ綼ᱻʬ壬ܿͻΪһͷʬ
ճ侳ڣʵܸߣﵽ侳۷ԲǿֵʬϮ
ʱֻʣˣаħˣаħһֻ࣬ʣҶճ档
ʬһԻаħϵıԽԽŨء
Ҷ㣬һϮаħû뿪ɣǿ٣Ȼǵ޷аħڣ
Ҷ㴫ϣҶϽȥȻǶ֮ӣһʮ˴аʬò˶ãͻᱻͬ
ǰа취ԱлǰĹģ
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Ҷӣ֪ԼĶˣҶϿ϶бն֮ܿʬ֮
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ȥаħûгû׷ϣǽεҶϣΪȻԼŵһĻҶʬ֮
㵽ǺˣΪҪаħڣ
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Ҷ㵱Ȼ˵ԼĿģһеڶǴԣʽĥ似ۺ
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˵꣬аħͻȻЦΪЦЦ
ȻҶɹ͵ϮаħڣҲ˴ЩҪֻҪԼʮ֮һָܻûһ˿˸֮⡣
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գһڵĳ֮з裬γһžҶ

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ʮһΣܵõе֮٣ٽˣҲû˵õĴС

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ھ滹аɵʱͻȻͣΪ̫Ӵ޷½ֻܷ˵أȵǡ
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ֱܲӹƣղԵ֮ݣ˰ʵһֱʲڿҶ㽫ܣǳĽ
ѩԭһƬžսڱѩԭһŽǰʮȻҶһлܣⳬ˲˵Ԥ㡣
֮Ҷûмƽ̨ϣֱ߿սδʼҪ̨ϣ
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λŮԼһ𣿲ȥǴѧԺǱߣǻõ񣬿Ϊṩһ
ͬ飬ֻһɫɴȹŮһվƽ̨ϡ
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˶Ŀ⳯߿Щҡҡͷ²ؼûԸȥ档
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ŮǻһĻߣָָָҪ뿪Ҷ㡣

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ҶʱȻȻҪսȻҪԵȵ
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ӽкɣڴѧԺʥӵУģʵСΪԼкܴİջҶ㣬ʹĴӦ
һҪѧУ˳ѺעһԪ鵤֪ҲҶģ
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Χ۵ԽԽ࣬Ȼֿ˿ʼ壬˲ϧǼӴעֱӿׯע
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һ䣬ֳ򼹴ٴϮһεĹƸңǿ籩һ㣬ɢɭĺâȻͿо綾
ôѧԺӣڱͿо綾˵ķ飬Ͼӣ֣ǻΣա
ܷһѩԭŵӶ֮ѧԺʵڲ
һѧԺҲɫѿɾȻ򼹴ϵĶ
˲֪ѧԺڲ֪һɵ򼹴аɱʱ򣬴򿪰񣬿˲ڶء
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Ժɿ籩ĹҶȻ޶ã·κ飬޷Ҷӡ
ԶӰӣһĶǵս
ʦ֣˵ʦսʤҶ𣿡
һ곯һʵ
䣡
ǴѧԺʥӵһˣɾһֱʮأٳ֡
ղΪʲôֹˣǵ˵棬ǴѧԺ棡
ղŵĶעΪʦֲֹ
СǴ󣡡
ɾƺ٣Ը˵
ϸϸᣬƺһЩѧԺôȥһʲôǿߣĲһ˵ѧԺ
ЩѧԺԽԽ޼ɵһҪΪݵһºܶһȥǺ¡
һ࣬ҲֲŮЩһϢʮޣ͸ǵĵߡ
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Ӹ򶼳һЩŮЩ϶¶һ޵Ϣȫ
ҶɵսȻɼĴ򷨣޲ھɱҶ㣬ֱС
ԺɱĹҶӦԣûг֣廯ΪһӰƽ̨ϲϴÿһκɵĹҶ׵Ļ⡣
ڻɣҶǲúĥԼ似ĳֶ
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ҶͻȻЦһӰһһֻͻȻںǰ·ƾճ֣ɱ޿ɱܡ
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ҶͺһƻкɵزһƵ
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495 ɱ˲Ѫ
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Ҷ㷢һЦһԪ˹ȥɺܿѣҶ޺ӣһηҶ˵Ŀֲ
Ҷ㣬̫
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̫Ц֮ս𣿡
ҶŲм˵
ƿԣȷսҶ㣬ҲӦҶҪ־͹Լʵ˼ҡ
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ûȻˣҪŵԣôѧԺһע䲻ɣ
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˾û˵ڳкܶ侳ֻǴҲмˣղ飬Ҷ֪ڹؼʱ̣Ѫκվˡ
Ҷ㻹ǶڵϣʵϵˣѪκһڸû뵽ǰͲסվ
ûǴѧԺսѧԺȻѾˣעҲˣΪλٳٲϰݣ
ʱ۴侳вٴӶݸǿߣѪκҪ˼һЩӡ
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˾еϡƽҲǴŵЦ⡣
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˭Ҳû뵽ɻѡΪ˱ѧԺѡɱ
ɣҴӦ㣬һʮֻ
Ѫκ˫ȭգɱˣҶΣѪκֱҶ㣬޲ܺѪʳ⣬Ҷ̻
ʥһȻ֮ɫźһŷŭ鿴Ҷ㡣
ΪһĪеȻһʥӣѧԺǸУ
ҶվѪκһȭ
һ̼㼤ŭѪκһɳɱ¾֮
СϣԶ˾еҽ췢ģұɱ㣡
һ侳ȻӢ棬˵Ļŭ˼㣬Ѿ˼ʲôӡ
ĿԴ
ҶƽκвҶ˵޷ҡҶԡ
һҵܿѪκʥӺܿ뿪ɵʬѾߣɱ˲ѪһעҶɱһʥӡ
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ҶҲһھΣʱԼܹ׷ɱԼ˲˹˹ΪȻ뿪ϧңʱҶʮָж
ﲻǲ˹ĲһݣأŮܲףϣҲҪ
ҶͶˣ˹ղŸɵһʵĶΪ˹ֻǿһЦڲ˹Ů֮ʮֿţôأû뵽ɾȻˡ
֪˹ӳΪԼҶҲһжڲ˹ʱҶ͸о˹ԼĴøУر꽻һʱһˡ
Ҷ磬Ҫɱ㣡
˹ͻȻָָ⣬Ҷ˵
һ㶣˭Ҳû˵˹Ȼ˵Ļⶼû뵽
˲֪Ҷʮ˹ƶһߵĵزҶѡ
Ҫ˵ˣλʦ֣
ҶһͷߣԼγ֪ҪԼأֻûдƶѡ
˹ܿ⣬ûм˵ȥһ˺ܿ뿪ƽ̨Ϣȥ
ǧҪ֪ﲻǲ˹㲻ʵʵı죡
Ҷ˹ߣһʶ˳ȥ
Ϊʲô˵
˹ԴҲһʶ˹ƺףڲ˹Լٹ£˲֪
Ҷ㳹ˣǴ׵Ĵ˹ûмʲôжթΪһЩ治ϧ໥ͬе顣
ŴӵĲ˹Ҷ̾ϢһֻԺĹݵ棬ַ
ܿصǿʶȤ뿪ߵԱһ棬Ϊ˹ڳһط
㣬ҽкʲô֣
ЦЦ¶Сѣʵ


496 俪ʼ
ҽԺͽұ㣬Ҿͽ㺣
ϲһԴ۾̫ÿˣƺʲô˫ۣѵԼÿ
㣬ҲѧԺʥ𣿡
ƺʲôСûԶţǵһôԶ
ҲѧԺʥӣ
ԽԽͶ޻˵ĵزϱĿѱ٣ҶֻܱĿ˼ˡ
û뵽ΪҶ磬ҳߣʵΪˣ
겻ѣԼϲҶ㣬߹ݣһˣܵݣΪ˾ѰҶ㡣
һ㶼࣬ҪȲ˹ˣ
˹ȻΪ࣬ЩʳӶչˣ˹ûôɹ
㣬ҲϲҶǲǣ
һԴ۾
һţȻҶ˵Ļֱˣ쵽˲ϣͷ˵ƳһҶ㣬Ҷ㻹ڱĿûˡ
ʲôǲ˹ϲһ˾Ҫ˵ϲҶ磬Բûʲôԣ
˫Ĳ࣬Ĳͬװˣ˵ֱ̫ˣҪӦһʱ䡣
ܿ⣬̸Ҷ㣬̸һЩݷ飬ԼطóԺĵطýζ
һʱܿȥ˼սǿԽԽ࣬мʮ侳
һʮƽ˶ԽԽ٣Ŀʼ
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Ѫκֱ
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˵
ɾѪκҪȶԼӻҪ簮
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ɾһʥɫ䣬ܴɾ˵ĻʵټôҲǣҶȻ߳ɻɱɾⲻǴ˵Ļ
Ѫκüͷ΢壬ɱ˸Լô˵ѾǾʬ壬ɾ˵ѪκҪϸá
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ѪκȻ֪ɾ˿ɾ˵ÿ仰Ƿʵ
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˵꣬ɾվӣûж뿪ѾûıҪˡ
ʥӷ׷뿪񣬸Գ˼
Ѫκɫ粻ʱ޵ҧгݣʱ̾Ϣһ֪ξ
ҶСҶֵҴѧԺɱԺ֮ӣɱʮӺޣҪЮԼóԴѪ֣ԼղŻɣЩһôܷŹ㣡
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ʮ̨ͻȻһ֣Զλϧһֻмǧˡ
ʱˣǶǰ̨һξѪ̨֮ϣʱԼƣϣָǰ̨һ֣öԷϵƣʧˣԽ࣬Խߣʱư¼ǵΡ
һ̨ǰѾվźܶŵӣ˷ܣ˽ţһ̨̤޷գΪ̨ɱˡ
Ϻʮһ߽һ̨óذףԼϻһ£γһξѪܿͱ̨ա
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ףҺˣ
ͬʱ˵һȥһʮ̨ԶÿһŶǧ׷Բǿ˵ףҲܿһ
һֲϢ֣һɫ侳ѳֵλ֮ϣԼˣӡÿһ϶¶ϣ֮ɫϣԼĺܻúóɼõϿɣҲ˱Լӵ˺
˾֣
һ˹˾бһȭ
֣þò
˾л˾ȻǶҵ峤һһҲżǰ
ߣȥǱþòɣ
˿ϵܲ߱˵
֣Ƕ¼ҿǺü춼ûвμˣΪһͻȻμӣ
֮˾ʵ
˲˵ѵ㿴ݵĸڷ仯ҶһĲ£ǱϧԸΥ˺ܶ飬ǶҲǣ˽Ҫƺˡ
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˾ѷ⣬ǰʱѡչأӦͻ顣
˵Щˣ˵ѧԺһŵӣһοѧԺҪˣ
˸ı˻⡣
Ҷ㰴ָʾܿߵһ̨һ̨ѾдΧܣȺ
ಣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ӰͻȻһ̨֮ϣõָһֽ֡


497 ·ǿ
ͬʱһ̨֮ϣװһԱѩԭһݣ˴˶ʶ
룡
˫໥һƣܿսһǣܷʥأ˭ҲûбʮУѩԭӻʤ
ۿɼķʽϵƺܿ챻ʤߵϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʤϽʢƣ˷֮飬뿪̨
ҶվԭأȻһԼʲôǣһ㣬һֵԼ
ûԥһԾ̨֮ϣһʱ䣬һҶµӡ
ѩԭƣ
̨֮ʩһ񣬴仹δʼҶսֱѧԺʥӣѾ⣬Ҷ˲䴫ս
ѧԺҶ㣡
ڣҶرһȭ˫Ͼûʲôڡ
ˣ
ƵͻȻȻս˿飬ʧһζԼ뿪ʥؾԶһÿһֻʤлʥ֮С
ǻĻߣҶվԭأֱ̧ӳһȭ
飡
ƵһһɻȭУڿзתΣ̨Ե
ݣ
ƴƵϷ˳Ҷϡ
Ҷʱоսһ˿ϵսΪһ塣
أҾȻоԼӣ
Ҷ㰵
ʵҶ֪ƴˣҪκ˶Ҫǿ󣬻õԽ࣬ҲԽǿңҪܴﵽƹĵزơ
Խ·ҲȻ˳˳ˮҶ֪û뵽ǣƾȻԼˣѹֶٵμ䡣
ԼҪӶˣ
Ҷ̨֮󣬰˵
Ӷʮ̨սҲʧܡ
Сʱȥˣһ̨ѾмʮսӮռһ롣
һ٣ֻҪƻУлᷭѡսڣսԼСĶ֣ӮˣȡԷƣ˫
ȷսҶ㣬ҶˣƣӮַԲ򲻵ѣ׷ս
Ķÿһ̨ߺ̨ϣһɨսʤһ֣ƣҶĵ˵ͷ
ʵƺѽǰʮܻһЩҲԼֵ
̨ϣӣ˶ûг֣ϸԷ˵ŻӾȻˣ䣬Ʈƣ뺣ϡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬϶ʩչ˶öԷԼĵһ棬Բȣ䡣
ҲһսʽҶ㵣ĵǣǿ֮ԼһκζûãΣˡ
ź̨ͻȻһҵ˴Ŀ⣬ҶҲ˹ȥź̨һӣƮƮ󱳸һŮͼ
һҰ㣡
ܶŮѰѰһΪԼżԴ
Ҳ⣬Ľ֮ɫ
վڰһѹܴܿܽţڱѩԭ֪һһǶ޹ڶѧԺκʵҶ֪ĵһǰһ
Ϊ׼ӼѾߣ˭Ҳỳɰ׼ҵĵ̣޻Ҽ׼ҵ˶Ϳ֪׼ǿ
˼Ҳ˼ҵ̲㣬˼ҿ֮һͽհ׼֮Ի͡
һѩ̨ϣƺͲסˣбһɨһն
ָһһɽ֣һУͻȻԭأ岻֮ܶϣһ΢۵ѪΣһ֣ӿ϶壬
ˣ
ӴޱǷϵı飬뿪̨Ȼһ½Ƕûˡ
ǿĽﵽ˽һĵزѾﵽ˽۷زһܳΪɣ
Ҷ㽫һΪص֣ƾղһ֣Ҷûбʤİգû뵽һλ˶ţÿһʵС
׼Ǳߣһ֮ߣеǰ׼Ҽϣ׼峤δǰ¶˷֮ɫ
԰һʵǰʮⲻȡź̨ھҲ޿ܡ
ΨһĵܻܲУǹؼ½ʥأܻУֻܼһЩĵرõ˼ӳ֡
һһɨҶ㷢ÿ̨϶ǿ̨֮֮ϣһͺͷӣǷˣֳһľ㣬һã䣬ֱ֮
ӷ𣡡
Сеһţ뿪̨Ҳƣʢ
Ҷ㲻ԶĶ̨һ죬һŮջ䣬Ƕ޻ҹ
һָֿ̨ʼðѾ϶ƣӲӡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ㿴һϤӰӣĺ̨֮ϣһӰȻ£Ȼ̫һڵĻȲݵˣҲǱѩԭˣΪҲܲμ䡣
֮ǰҶ붫ݣʱ·ںʱϮʩչͬĽ赲һʱ䡣
һʽ
̨ҲһȣһӰɳȥ
껣
Ҷгһ죬û뵽껶һμ䣬һ侺ʮּҡ
ƮƮߺ̨ϳһŮֳ޳һɨԼֹ̨
ɶ
ƺǶݵˣȻҲܲμ䡣
˺̨һһ̨ٶȲʮɡ
ʦ֣ͣ
̨˴ȣΪɾͣϣȡ˺̨Ĺھ
ҶһԴѧԺʥӵһɾأ˭Ҳ֪˼ļƣʵߣڴѧԺλԺһЩϼͿ
̧֮䣬ɾ֣ܶƣȫûпɾγеġ
ջҶоԼһڤڤٻٴγ֣Ծ̨еڶֱȶ
һʥӣҶ֮¶Ц
Ҷʦ֣֪Ķ֣һҪԣ
˵꣬һҶӽ־ǿʽֻ֪һλᣬҲûгֵĻᡣ
ǵһһȭ֣ڵϹһ磬ӻδͱҶƷɳȥ
Ʒ˳ҶϣѾʮơ
ֹѾѡֻʣ¼ƣԸűȥȥҲ벻ǰʮ¼ƣӳԼˣҲһջ
֮ϵƾͽ֮УΪˣӳ
Сʱ䣬Ѿ֮һ˷
ԽԽ٣սѶڲӣ˺棬ʵ޼ÿһ֣ʮּңܾ˵
ߣһЩԹĵ̨ʼ໥ɱ


498 һ
ʱȥˣ̭ԽԽ࣬ǼңѾ˾ûϣʼս
ಣ
һ̨ϣһ磬ѧԺκҲһ̨һ֣˵ע⡣
ջʶҶ㽫Ŀۼκϣһ̨ҶɨһֻۣмǾУκһ
һл֣ܶκѾӵʮƣɷҫۡ
̨һ̣κҶϣĿԣײһĻ𻨣˴˶ʶˣһ̨˲Ǳ˴ǿĶ֡
սۣҶֵһ̣Ѿ֪ҶһЩ飬û뵽侳ʱ򣬻ϡ
һ̨м֣һŮʵҲǰ벽侳κ޼˹ϵһ㣬һˣκ̨ʱŮκͷӶ
Ҷʦ֣ҪСŮӣս׸磬εڴǶƼ壬Ƕ޻ңһ裬ҹû㡣
ǿҶͬһ̨ʱǿΪҶѡ
֪ˣѾо˵⣡
Ҷм˵һ䣬Լ˽ĻǲֻڱѩԭһЩŵӺ֪飬ǿѣԼ
κ˵꣬㳯Ҷ㿴һۣ¶ŨŨĵ⣬ܿתߡ
κδޣҲҪСκ񣬴ʵǱϿô򵥣ֻмڸ޹һˣ
ǿ˵
Ҷ˵ͷȻ֪κʵѾͻƵ侳ֻǽԼľѹסˡ
İɣ˭ֻҪ赲ңͳͳɨ
ҶʮǿӲ䣬ҶҪȡúóɼȡõУл㡣
дѧԺʱ̽ƣйҲΪӪΨһİ취ǾʵΨʵ㡣
һ̨ٴٻҶһƮ̨֮ϣŮӣҲݵӣ䣬ƣֱ̨ҶҲʮƣȫӲӡ
ѧԺ˵㲻ȻʮƣӮǺ˴һϲϾȻʮƣۣôҲǣڻδ֡
ֻҪ֮󣬶ħһ㣬Լ䣬ս˵Ļ֮ʣ֮òɫͷտ˫ۣһζ
ļʥѾ˷Ҳ֮У̫֪࣬ԼĲ
ֲܵҶĴ̼սʤҲʮơ
ڼټ٣һʱȥˣһֻ̨ʣ²ʮˣÿһ϶ڶʮƣϼʮ
ҶѾΣռʮǺܶ࣬Ҳż
ʱһȥ֮ͻȻ飬ҹգ䣬һֹͣһֱһˡ
̨Ҳһֻʣ²ʮˣ˲٣ʣµʵԽԽСƵٶȿʼ
ҪսҶ㣡
һ̨ϣһ֣㡣
ܻ
Ҷ¶һߣ̨һʼҶ;ԼһǱڵΣջļ䡣
ͬսҪƼӱһҪȫƣͬ⣬ҽս
ս˫ͬڿԣҶܾҲûа취û뵽ҶͻȻдһ˵
ϴʮƣκ񣬶ҶֻжʮƣҶȽϳԿϾսһҪ˫ơ
ͬһóƣ
Ӧʮָɴ࣬κҪֹˣһƶûУζ䳹׽ʣһлᷭ
ϵͻȻʮѹ֣ɫһ㣬κһ𣬺ܴһԭǿƼ壬ϾƼ޻ʮܡ
ڱѩԭ޻ҲλƼ壬ѧԺڵ滹ţʵѧԺࡣ
Ҷ㣬ҪһƼѩԭֻƼſ£û˸Ƽſڵأǵһˣ
ȻãʵȴҪ绹ҪǿԼս֮ƣСõ˼ʲ͵˰벽侳Լ
ңûʼ֮ǰ׼ɱˣƾңѸýɱ
Ҷ͸һ䣬ҶѳϧҪμ䣬Ҷһλᣬû뵽㲻飬㱨ԼҶĴɱ
ΪԼɣҾȫµ˿ţƼǿ󣡡
ϱһɱϢ˱ԪأҶ㷽Բףһɫ֡
ҽͳ׷Ƽ룡
ҶЦһܰɫȫʧƾһˣı
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㽿һһУ֣ҶҪҶ
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Ҷ¶ŭ֮ɫ廯ΪһǣܱҶ˵˿ãҶ崩ڱ֮У֮ܿߡ

ҶһȣըףԴΣŲ˼һĻˣҶһƺݺݵϡ
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߸Ծ˿ףԼĺҶ˿ãҶ㵽ǺηκҪƵԼĺʮַѾҶ㿴Ҳ侳۷壬Բһξ룬˵벽侳ˡ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
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̨֮£κϱһɿµɱȻԼƼ屳ʵϾԼδޣ˴κҲȥ̨ܿ˹ע
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Զĺ̨ĻƺҲҶ㣬¶Ц֪ҶĿֲɱ˶գۡ
һ߰껶¶Ц֮ɫҶ֮ǰδеĴԸı˺ܶ࣬ǰѻ׷Ķڲ֪죬ˡ
Ҷһƣֹ̨ˣҲЩǰۿǿߣڸһ˾˸㵵ı飬ƺûзӦ
ӦʱѾƼͶ⣬ϾҶѧԺӡ
ǿ˾ѹƼȻˡ
Ϊݵ۸𣡡
һŭˣֱ֣ն˾Ҳһֳһ˻ػ
ͣ
ռһ󲨶˲侳ע⡣
л֣
Ƽһλ˾им˵һ䡣
˭أ
һ˵
һҶ㲢֪


499 ʥ
㳹׷ˣǷһŭҶ㣬ʲô񶾵﷢̨֮£üͷ΢
ƼϾǴ壬˿ûһ˿ȣ˲˵˵˶񶾵Ļֱ֮
ž
ͻȻҶ㣬ͬʱվǰұһ˺ݺһ⣬һҲݡ
㡭
ȫ벻Ҷ֣һ⡣
˵һ֣ҾѪ
Ҷͬʱ˵ÿһÿһ䣬·ħһ㣬һĲ˵ˡ
䣡
Ҷһȣ㳹ˣ飬۸ˣڱѩԭ˭Ƽ塣
䣡
ƱҶɱһúˣѿڶȵԼ˵ʱѾˣȫʧ
ղһȣҶǺֱӹ꣬أŵ䣬ԺľҲ޷ˣҶħһܻҶ㣬ħԶ޷⿪
ղҶϻǶʮƣڶʮ⣬һʮƣ֮һ̨һˣκҲʮ
Ҷ㻺뿪̨㳹ױˣЪ˹˶ˣ˭Ҳ벻Ƽ壬һ棬ﶼû뵽ֵ̨֪ԼñҶ⣬Ҫֱӳæס
̨κסҶ㣬Ҫڣһʶ֣ʵʵȥȽʥ˵
֪Ӻζֹһκеķŭѹȥ
ֻκ˵ѧԺԺκսҶ㣬ʱƴܾˣѧԺԸ⿴ġ
ԽԽ٣һ̨ҶңңȣʼգҶκûϣھһȶ֮ǿΪԼûлǰʮǰ˳ϻʣơ
̨˶޹ʮ֮⣬ȵϽӽʮڵڶ
̨ڵһĻǸͺͷ꣬˽飬ȲݵˣҲǱѩԭˣԷ壬ңԶķ
̨ʱȣȽϼңʱ˭ܻõһ
Ҳһ껸һȻʱеһˡ
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ߺ̨ɶԾԵƣңңȡ
˺̨ɾΪֹɾûпڶֻ֣һֱһֻս
ź̨ǰһʤѩһδܣԽ˵սڵһ
ʼգʮ̨Ҷעһ̨һҶҹµˣϹѩ˳ֵʱҶ
һϹѩҶ·ʶһ㣬кû򣬰ıȶװûҶ㡣
ΪˣҶŸģϹѩǺϴλȥĺߣûв鵽ϹѩҶʮ־衣
һһҹܿȥȶʣһʱÿһȶʱ䶨һһҹ
ͷûأһս֣һ̨˰ȻĵزսҲ뿪
ͷֻʣ²ƣ֮£뿪̨ѡ˳ߵһѾǳĲס
Ҷϵƻӣ𽥵ʮĵزңңȣ˵ƣʱڵһλ
һʱ˶ܸоǫ̃ʧȥϵ
һֻ̨ʣʮˣǰʮѾҶʮļ¼ڵһڶκӵʮơһֱŵʮ
Ȼ뿪ʮһʮͲƣһ֮ע޷ʥء
Ĺأÿ̨ǰʮˣ̨֮ϣ̨Ǵͽʥأһµʱ䣬˭ܻС
ѧԺֻҶǰһ٣ʸʥأǺһϲȻҲڰ֮Улʥأ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
һ֣Ҷ꺣Ҳһ
Ҷ㣬ʥأһжҪԼÿһֻʮУֻǰʮ˲лᣬǽ֮󣬾ӶƣֻиƣܵõУ
˾ͬʱҶ˾Ѿ֪ҶĹϵѾѧԺĵӡ
İԺһᾡģȡУ
Ҷһ䣬Ժ˵Ҷ㲻Ļᡣ
һ㣬ʥأ鲼ŵرлɼһЩ㲻ܵõУҲС
˾нŴ
ף
ҶûнʥأһƬհףܵõԺָ㣬æм˵
Ժһ䣬ʮ̨ɹâÿʮȫסˣʮȫʧ
ڰʧһ̣һ޴Ĺ֣¶
һ֣ǽʥصİˡ
Խ࣬ԽߣʱҶڵһλʮңңȣڶϹѩҶǰһɾ飬Ƕ޹κ񣬵ڰǻھ껣ʮɶſ
಻ǺܴҶɶҲֻʮ֮ʥأһӶᣬ˭Խ࣬лõϿɣõС
һʱ䣬ǽҪʥشһµʱ䣬ڼҲΪʥزôȫĲп̭Ÿոտʼ
ҶŲһᣬ建ڵϣһɺ֮ռ䣬Ҷ·ϹţŨĺ֮
𣡡
Ҷ²ãһŭ֣һͷӴ͵޳֣Ҷſҧ
󣡡
Ҷŭû뵽Լսʥأ޹ͷ޻Ϲ֣½Ѿ
ӴһӴСǺϣޣ޸ףԳʥء
飡
ҶһȭݺݵɨϣޣһȭʮֱУϣ޷һĲҽһѪҶҳһĿӡ
ʹϣٴηһУҶĤʹſҶҧ

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һƤ֣ϣ޵ĸһĿӣɱֱƿ

ʮָðϣ޵֮УʼѪԼϵķ򣬶Ҷ
˫ɺ죬ŨѪ֮ӴϣȻһ˿Ҷչ
ѪҪ½޼ɵɱǿӶ䷨ͻ侳ָտɴ
ҶͻȻðһͷ޼ɵɱޣȡϵķܽԼ򳹵״ɡ
Ҷ㲻Ǿ绹ľѾ߱侳Ψһ򻹲ûȫγɡ
ϣ޳Ҷһ·ʧԭء


500 ı
ʥصһƬԴûҶô󣬶า侳ʶͷŰ侳۷壬ʶͷǧ룬ǺңԶ
ಣ
Ӱͬʱ֣סҶȥ·
Ҷ㣬ϵƣһ
˶Ǳѩԭˣڽ֮һ𣬵һҶ㡣
¶ЦҶֻ࣬ҪȡҶϵƣƺܴܿǰ壬еĻὫӡ
ȷҪ
Ҷ㷴ʣ֮Ҷ㻹ûżȥӶƣû뵽в۵Լˡ
ϻ˵ϽƣȻݹǲˣ֪ʵǿ󣬵ˣɱӣ
ʥأ޼ɵɱˣû˸棬ǹء
ǵһ仰ϵƽǲ
ҶЦе˵˫ֱء
ϣ
˴ŭԳҶŭնһ˾Ȼһ侳Ϣѹ˵̨ʱ򣬴Ҷⱻ֪ڿ޼ɵʩչ
е˼ȱ䷨Ǿ
ʥ֮ҶʹӶ䷨ֻҪɣڽŻȻ侳ҶҲ¡
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侳ӵһʱѹҶ㣬ǿнֻҪҶ㱻ѹסˣԹԵ
ϧʧˣǿĺڰҶ˵˿ãһȭ֮飬ѡ
ۣ
ѣһѪɫʱѿ֮
ɣ
Ҷ¶ݵһ棬ɱ˺ɱ֮Ҷ˵׼˲ңҲˣɱңұɱˡ
ЩһҰģ׼ԼϴƣȻһҶʹɱġ
廯Ϊһǣݺݵײ˳ȥ
飡
һڿֱըΪһ⣬ȫ򶼱Ҷǰ䷨ҶҲΪʵ̫ȱˡ
ɫ䣬Ҷһоͻɱ벽侳ֱ̫ˡ
Ҷ㣬֪ʲôˣǿǶ޻ҵˣȻҸ޻ΪУ
侳ӴȵҶͻϮɱ֣û뵽
ɱľǣ
ʲô޻ңƼ壬Ҷ˵˿ûãֻҪɱԼǵˣȻǵˣûء
Ҷɢֲɱ໥һۣһȻźȡ

ͷźţҶɱŨ嵯ȥֳӰӣֱ𹥻ˡ
ͣ
Ѫ䣬ҪˣױҶո
ȻźһӰ߸
ҶҲɱ֮󣬻ʮƣʱһٶʮ
ս⣬Щǿû뿪Ⱥһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ûж仯󣬿ǵ˵ڶ죬οʼ仯
һ仯ϹѩڶոտʼͳҶ㣬ﵽһңңңȡ
Ҳڷ仯Ҷܿ챻˦ǰʮ֮⣬ڴΪҶҪǰʮʱͻȻ񷢳貵ĹâҶٴ˵һϹѩʮơ
һ׷սʼˣʧ֤
ʥֽʧҲһʱ䣬ʮ֡
ô£ҶôͻȻʮƣ
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޻ҵ˷һ˿ߣҶη仯϶ʱˣ˵ҶȫǺϣֻһֿܣҶɱ
дȻɱǶ޻ҵˣ
޻δǺһֲɢѧԺߺݺѹ
˾ɫ֣أղŵƼ壬޻ҶѧԺһѧԺѧԺѩԭ
ݣѧԺҲ¶⣬⣬޲侮ʯѩԭѧԺ
˾֣仹δǲôһе˵
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ҶרѡһЩƫƧĵطǰʱ棬ȲɼһЩĵر˵һЩޣֱɱȡ侳
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ЩǰʮˣѶˣñҵ͵͵ĲɼŵرҲС
Զһɽ֮ϣӰͬʱ֡
κͻȻټǰʲô飡
޹κʵ
վһԵİһһԲ
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޹ϾŮӣ뷨𾪡
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κɫһϲܰѶ޹û뵽ġ
һ
һӰ֡
û뵽ԼͬʦֵܶҪɱҶ㣬Ҷˣ
κͻȻЦ߹⣬ƺû뵽
һ֮ǰĿѧԺӵ棬ҶѧУһӶ޷ɱҶ㣬ͷеŭ
Ҷʵɲ⣬֮»ЩѶȣټˣһʧ
֪ҶĿ£Ϊ˻գҪЩ˽
ûҶʵȷʵ͸Ȳżټˣ
жʮ죬ҲżҼˣһɱҶ㡣
һıγɣҶ˿֪飬ǲϲɼһЩҩʮֺÿһóȥϹ屦
ľö溬ľԪأգܶݻһֻۣ
ڴֵĳľҶĽȡ
һ·֮ϣҶҲˣûɱ֣ǰ˶Էϵƣʮ죬ٶʮֻ
ʥصмʮ̨һʮˣվڸ̨֮ϣܴС
Ȼ֮䣬һɵ֣Ҷ㾯ʥһ˺һ
㣡
ͻȻֵӣҶʮֹ졣


501 ɼƲ
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㣡
Ҷɻ֮ɫɾ
ף
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ӦǲӦ
ɾԸ˵һֻ֣ҶӦ
˵ҲһῼǷף
ɾͻȻҵԼҶû뵽Ҷû뵽ģԷɱԼǸ̸ʲôס
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ΪڿЦ
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ҶҲʶԼΣѾڰжһһڰҶʮֲɾ֣أʮǿҶ㲻òСġ
ϣŹѧԺʦ·
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Ҷ̽Եʵ
ɱ㣬ڲãɱ㲻Ӧ͵ûҸѣҸұ֤벻ʥء
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ãҴӦ
Ҷ񷢳⣬ѡɾ
κ϶޹ԼѧԺ⣬һ֣׼Χɱ㣬ûҵİɣȻӦˣҿԳ֣ЩˣǶ֮ɱӦòѣ
ɾȻ֪ȫ飬ΪҲҵɾһ룬˭֪ɾܾ
Ҷüͷ΢壬κɱԼ޹ɱԼҶ㶼⣬ΪҲǻ쵽һҪԼء
лĺ⣬Լ黹Լ߲ʥأʹȻҲҵɱı䣬ڣ
Ҷ֪֮ͻȻʧԭأԼԼҶԲ֣֮һǵ˵ĵӡ
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ҶʧɾͻȻ̾ϢһҲʧԭء
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Ҷϵʱ򣬷鲢ô򵥣Ҷǰ˱ܿҶ㣬ԶԶء
Ʋں룬ʥؿս֮磬ܷУмζޣÿһ侳ϢϰͷóȻȥ϶ᱻʳ
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Ҷ۽¶Ц⣬źмϰƲݣȫԼƾƾܴ侳
ȥĻޣмشһͷ޴Ļ޹죬ʱˮ棬ʱˮףµϢɢ
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ٿؼʮͷޣԻ̫ǿҶ㲻ڲٿظĻޣǳмζס˻޵죬ܲٿȺ
࿿һԼϣ޵ͻȻðˮ棬¶һֱ˶ԴſһɿµƺХ
ǿޣܴﵽ侳ڣܳϵķͻ侳ָһ
Ҷһľ͹ͷ޵ǿ󣬲Ҵ⣬һ䣬ܵһˮ
һԾҶ˻ͷ֮ϣһȭݺ¡
飡
һɷ֣֮ޱҶΣһҽУͻȻǱˮ֮£ˮף£ˮ档
Ҷ˫۽ץס޵ǰ룬Żһˮף棬ֲָҶֻƾо
һɨ޵ľβҶɨҪҶɳȥ
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ֱһһ׵֣׵һˮһЩСֱӱ
䣡
ˮ𣬾βҶɣһȭٴκ޵Դ
Ҷ㲻ɱʱõĿռ䣬ԸЩ˵һѡ񣬻ܲɼƲݣһá
ԴɣҶ㲻Ϲţ˺̫ʶʼɢøҶڳᡣ
ڰߣۼʮŵӣˮ淺ˣ˽ˣҶһ˽룬սޡ
һյʱ䣬޻ĺ֮ϣһӰҶ㡣
Ȼûշ˻ޣ
߲˴һΪҶ϶ڻ֮¡
û˾ȵı飬ٿػޣ뻺ʻȥ
ЩͼޣѳٹҶ㣬ҶɼƲݡ
һƲݲ͹Ҷϥڻ޵ϣһʣָˮɼƲݡ
һƲݱҶռЩʹļףôƲݣȻҶһá
óһƲݣҶ㵱˿ʼ˿ʱ䣬֪κ϶޹͵ϮԼҶҪ̵ʱ֮ڣʵ
ʱһȥҶ˼ʮƲݣ˷۷زһԪ
ˣʣµЩƲݵȳȥʱ͸ǣ
Ҷòˣûмȳȥʱ͸֮ˡ
ȥ
ղȥʱҶˮʲôٿػޣˮǱ롣
ЩͼĻ޻侳¼ʮͷ赲Щ˽ҶһˮףҶҪʲôѵҪϰͷ޵ķ


502 ͻ侳
˵֮УҶͬǱˮף˭Ҳ֪ҶǰδֻڰߵȺ¶һЦ
ʦ֣ҶȡôƲݣǲǸ÷һЩ
ҶˮײãһˣһѪɫۣǹƱĹӡ
ǿƲݣ벻Ƭ򣡡
һιƱ˽ʥأȫһ𣬹ӾȻҶҪƲݡ
ûƲݣ뿪
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ߣȥǱߣ
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Ҷϲ֮ˣɱԼܴʩչ߱ʽزҪɱҶ㲻


504 ɱ
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һ޴ںγɣЩ˿ûзȫ֮С
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ñһСȥʯͷ϶СǴ󴸣ͻӴ󣬾˼ŻʯͷҶ޴ӣ취˿
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һ֣ҶоԼĶĤҪˣٶðѪ۾Ƕ䣬Ѫð̱ڵأͲιȥˡ
ԺһƬհףȫʧҶʱһ׳һĿԶǽڣʱһ߽ɱҶ㡣
һ޸ҶҲ۹⣬罬Ļ꺣ʼԼ޸纣ˮһĻңԶǼʵִҶ꺣֮С
ҶĻڷղŻ侳۷壬ܿʹﵽ˴Բ벽俿ڲǡ
ڲ֪ǼʣҲ·̣Ҳ꣬һӰ֮ϣ̾Ϣһǵڶ̾Ϣһ
ҶϥָҪڣҪԼ꺣棬һɢȥǰæһ
о꺣ϱٳҶҲ֪Լ꺣жһһ㣬ĳΣĺۼ
ʱһȥڽ꺣ϣҶ㿴һΰŻ֣Żĺ棬һ޵ĴҲ֪ԶҶҲܿһ
ܿ죬Ӱ֣ŻֻһƬޣֻԴԴϵĻӦҶ㡣
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һʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ȹ̾磬ӶƣҶΪżӶʱӦ졣
һɱӼˣӶҲжٶöҶʱǰʮ֮ڣಢǺԶڵһϹѩңңȡ
糹ȹ֮ҶվӣʥѾдˣóȥˡ
ȥ󷨣Ҷ廯ΪһǣһԾվһ֮ϣʶˮһԶǹȥ侳꣬˵Ҳмǧž粻Ժﶼܿһ
ȻܸʥأҶҲ߰˰ˣв˳Լ߸κˣʱĴѰҶ㣬Ǵ㽫Ҷ㳹նɱ
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Ҷûżǻ棬Ǹı˷򣬳һɽȥ
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κһȣһѧԺĵӣκûиֱɱ֣Ҫ
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508 ɨ
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໥һۣ¶֮ɫȻҶԼǾ͹ֲˣĺȥҡ
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˾ԽԽҶ߳һ㵭ĲƣУҶεм䡣
ƥգۼҵĺ֮
ȭ죬Ʒƥ˾һ
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˵ҶЦͻȻޱ䣬һ֮ħҶı仯пһʶ˲
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ŮһҶ߹ѧԺ˸޻ˣһҶ㡣


509 
߹ˣҶ¶Ц⣬˶߿һֵӡ
˼Ƕ޹ˣңѵһҪչʲôνĶ޹𣡡
ҶЦһȻ϶޹Լ
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ɱ¾ֱ֮ƿ˪ԾԵȥ٣˾ͻȻԭأֲɱ¾֮޷
ӣ
˪ľҲһڣ
󶼱ҶˣԼ
ͣ
ɱ¾֮ʣɱ¾֮ݻɵĳֱӴ͸˪壬һѪ꣬ȫеľ񶼱ɱ¾֮ա
һɱ˪һٶ׽˾ѡ
ⲻܣܣôһɱ˪
˪ȫޣһƼĳҡ
޻Ǳʣµ侳Խһɫ֪˵Щʲô
ѪκղŻһŵЦݣ˿ǱӽһѼɬ
ľ侳أҶһɱ侳һأԼ˭ʤ˭һδ֪
ʦְɣ
Ѫκݵı飬ɾ߹ޱ顣
ӲǴѧԺԺô㣡
ѪκȰһҪɱҶ㡣
վϵ¶֮ɫ˪׵ܵܣȻҶһɱ
СӣҪɱ㣡
ԼĴ弱ٳҶ˹ȻͬھĴ򷨡
㻹ʸ񣡡
ҶЦһɱٴһ仯ΪУ˹ȥ


513 չ
ԷҶʮ侲ɱһ»ڸı䷽򣬱ɺУ
һƼǿ߷һĺС
Ҫ
˵꣬峯ȥе˾øƼһ侳ס˺ܿսһ
ʱ䣡
Ȼʧɫѷ֣ռֱӱ򴩡
ɽӱѣ޹⡣
꣡
һ֣նϡ
侳ͷ­ѣһ޷ܻ
˴ԪֻҪʣһѪܵѪʮֿ¡
Ԫʣһ꣬תɱԾԵѹ֡
һΪȻδڿв䶯Ҫصһ
ɣ
һħ֣Ҷ˾ħħ棬ʼ壬һա

󷢳ĲҽһҽϿջصһҲ
Ѿвǿ߷ɵУÿһĻ̫ˣһ侳Ȼķʽ侳֮С
ѧԺдѧԺңҪɱҶ㣬ԥʲôһϣħͷɱ
ѧԺʶԣһһһԶҶ㶼ԣ׾ɱ
Ƽ侳Ѿˣһ˱˾о
޻侳Ҳһֻʣˣһֿ֣϶ƼһԴ侳һ֡
ɱԸħͷûκε˵
ɽڵһվʥ֮УҲеҶ֮֡
˷׷׸ͣа侳һҶΧ
侳ΧҶ㣬˾˸޾ɱϧƼ峤Ͼס޷
𣿽ҾʹʹĴսһ׸ıĸ֣
Ҷƣȵþһ̣ھˡ
ѧԺѪκҵĹ죬ɽڵѧԺԺԼһϣ޻ҵĺһ
Ҷ㣬Уɱ¾ǾҪеɱħͷ
һ˴ȻȻҶ˵ħͷͿһõ
˵⻰Ͳú𣿰侳ΧɱһСС˵˹ûʵĻǿЦ֮
ҶЦһ
ҪƱ磬
˶һһҪɱҶ㣬ǳѣǴﵽؾ
˭Ҳ֪Ҷ㻹ûɱﵣԶðգڳˣһ볬һأﵽؾ
ѧԺӵĶˣҶһ԰侳ݵԣܼҶ㿪ĲֹѧԺǴĸ֡
һ򣬽ѹ
侳ǲ֣򣬽Ҷѹ
ΰƾս٣ȫҶϣһɽ£ҶȻܶ
֨֨
ɰСӳ֣һһСָָ㣬žһѣҶõͷţ֮ʧ
ôܣҵˣ
ɽһ֮ɫԼȻһͷСӸˣֱ̫˼ˡ
ҲһһƿһأأǵСӵǰͬ衣
ȫʧʱŷӦҶռޣͨռ֮
óҵ֮ˣ
һ˿ЦҶϳ֣һУһֲ֣ǷԲǧ侳ȫڡ
ʲôΪǿ󣡡
ɽһҶ˿ǰ֮κһˡ
򣡡
ԣɼҼ
һ˵Ѿǳϡ٣Ҳ
ɼδֹҶţҶҲɼ
ɫͬʱ仯Ҷ츳𾪣ɼ򣬽л忪Ϊ˵Ĵڡ
ͷһɱҶǿңҶ㲻ǽǵĩա
ô£ΪҵԪڿʧ
һȻҲҶ
Ѿ˷ԼԪһʧɫ䡣
ҵԪҲʧ
ɽһ˿֮ɫȻ޷ԼԪ
ã溬о綾Ƕжˣ
޻һǿߺܿ췢ֶߣҶ֮УȻо綾Щ綾侳޷ֵ
ñɵֶΣ
ѧԺһŭХгϧҶȻûһ˿©
ȫҪһȱڣȻǶųȥ
Ժһ˿ţ¶һ˿⣬ѵҪڴ
ûȫһλ֣ҾͲŴ򲻿һȱڣֻҪƿǰ֮ɽɱ
һʼǾʧˣΪѹҶ㡣
СƵڷҶƣܾ綾һߵ̬ơ
ԶΧ۵ʮ侳һۣӱ˴֮пŨŨļɵ֮ɫ
վڵػڶѧԺӵĶһϱֱʱԷһЩ
Ҷһ˶ռ侳ռϷ磬Ѿ˾еıˡ
𾪣ϲ˷ܣԱ˾е顣
Űһ𹥻վ֮еҶޱ飬в֪ʱһɫ乭
ִڹ֮ϣһɫ֡
ã
һܵӦǹҹ죬ͻȻһоˣһͷÿҶֳչ׼Լ
չµһ꣡
ҲҶһղѩԭϾشƫԶʱвҶ㡣
ݣ
һɫĳ˳ȥܿʧ֮䣬֪˺δ
һѣҶóԪ鵤ֲʧԪ
ɱ侳ҶԴԪ鵤ǧöҶ˿Դϡȱ

ͻȻ֮䣬췢һҽУƾըڲðһɫΪԪɢڿ֮С
ͻһĻʣɫȻ׷׿Ҷ㣬Ҷٴμչ
һٶʣĵѣղŹӻǰôǶ֪Ҷʲô
ҶҲǰľ͹չֱɱɱ
ϧ̫ԪȻдԪ鵤䣬ҲֲҶģһɫ֡
Ҷϸһ£Լڵһͻ⻹֮Ľǳɹ֮壬һͳҶԪֱ̱ڵء
ɨһۣҶ㽫չ׼˺޻ĸ󻼣Ҫ
չԼɫ䣬ǳɫ
Ҷ㣬ҿǶ޻ҵĺȻɱң
ʶԼƿأصľ磬ȻչһΣֺȫ
ɱľ㣡
չϵͻȻɿռ˳ȥΪһ⣬ܿٴʧ˭Ҳ׽ۼ
Ԫ
ʩչԼľѧԪΧγһɫ֣ס


514 ݺҪЮ
ռѾ˳ȥ˭Ҳ׽ռδ
ԼľѧԪʩչ쾡£γһ㷨֣˵ﲻ֣һҲ޷ƿķ
ݣ
˾۾һ̣һɫԪ档
Ҫ
ͻȻһĲҽԽԽһʹƤ
侳ΣŵûɢصĺҪˣһҪɱ
Ժϼٱ仯һ˿˿ϮڵûԼҶ㣬ѾȫɳɱԼ
飡
Ѫɣ궼ըˣȫ䷨ȫҶա
ʱ䣡
ҶȼٴһЩϸС覴õĵطõֲҪƿҶѶٴӡ
źҶչһֻʩչΣʩչҶҪԪɡ
Ҷչʣһ
Ҷ㣬ɽԸ֮ǰᣬŹɽڣ
ɽȻˣҶͣ⻹侳
ᣬ㲻Ѿ𣿡
ҶЦһ
ҪҲǲܣǰģ
ҶǻһĻߣɽʵѧԺҶҲ£һĶ޻ұҶ侳
ƼҲҶɱˣֻʣѧԺʣ侳
ڽɽɱʱѩԭǶ޻һҶⲻҶı⣬ҶҪ޻ҵƼЩһԵѸ޻ҸƼٱȡΣգʱֻƣӦЩҪԼ¶ûʱ䡣
Ҷ㿼ǵķǳԶɱɽȻޣҶ㽫۹⿴ĸԶñѩԭһƬңݾܿ
ڳһǴˣһЩ侳ǧ꣬ͶҶ˼
ЩѧԺŴʱϣ޻ҿƱѩԭһԴ侳һЩһʵƽλȥԺúõոʧأһЩԼԴȡ
˵ɣʲô
ϣɽæʵ
ˣɲǲӦһʴǣԪڼټ٣Ѿ¶֮ɫ
óɽһԴ⳥ѧԺȻ
ҶʮǿӲȻҪɽһԴֱ
ⲻܣóһ룬ɽڿ϶޷ǰһᵹ˰꣡
ԴʲôάһŷչȱԴ޷޷һпɽһЩ⡣
׼ɣ
չٴγ֣ҶûнִչϣǱȻһ¡
Ҷٴóչɽŵһľս
ٸһλᣬˣɽڲһ죬ͻᱻȡޣ˵һ룬һֶס
Ҷٴξ档
ɽԥҶ˵ûˣɽڿ϶ᱻ̲ԴӶһա
ãҴӦ㣡
ɽɫӦҶҪ
ܺãģȥ֮óһԴѧԺ⳥
һʮֹϵԣһģ˭Ҳ޷ı䣬߲ŵԣͻ⵽췣Ϊϣ췣֮¡
֮£ɽֻģϾϲЯɽڵԴҪȥ֮һ£ó
ˣԳȥˣϵĶȲ⿪;ԣ֮һҩܻܲϵĶͿԼ컯ˣ
˵꣬Ҷ㽫ɽ˳ȥϵĶҶѹûǽ⿪ĥ˵ԺѧԺѾȫһ޴ĺΰƻҶ
ʣµˣҶ¶Ļߡ
Զ˾иƼ峤ϵսͻȻֹͣˣһߣղŷһĻĿ
ѧԺҲԸһλᣬó߳ѧԺԴ˵
Ҷ㳯ѧԺ侳˵
ܣƾʲôɽһ룬ѧԺ߳ɣ
ԺʮߣҶۣҪپǶ١
ܺãȻӶˣҾһ룡
ҶͻȻһݣɱ¾֮һĨѪ⣬ֱӳѧԺߡ
ͣ
壬˭Ҳ벻ҶһԲϣֱɱˣѧԺһɱֻʣԺһˡ
һˣΪղˣ߳ɣȻ㲻Ӧֻȸɵһ͹ƽˣ
Ҷûһ͵ĻᶼѧԺֱɱˡ
㡭㡭
Ժ˵ԭԼˣԲҪ߳ԴóԴһ侳ϣԺ˿ԥĴӦϧѾ޷ˡ
ٴģҶҲûнⶾĥ꣬ʱ䣬޷̫ԪѧԺͰȫˡ
ʱ䣬ҶһѧԺΪһ
Ҷ㽫˶޻һ侳ǴЦеһ̰ūһ㡣
ԶЩֵ𾪵ˣҶľٶֱǾвǿߣóԴȡԼ
ڳˣ˻ϲǡ
ϲӴԺԼڱѩԭǵҶʵԽԽǿ󣬽᲻вѩԭ
Ƕ޻ҲԸóһԴ
޻һ侳ͷɥҲԸóһ
˵һ𣿡
Ҷ¶ЦЩѧԺʥѻȸ裬Ҷʵ̫ţˣв򣬹ԹԵľͷĸԸóԴ
Ƕ޻ҲһˣΪβһ룡
˸ղѧԺӣ޻侳æԼֻʣһˣһ
ҶģӦ˵㣬Ƕ޻Ҫó߳ɣȻҾɱ㣬ʱǶ޻ֻʣһ侳ܿͻᱻϷֵ
ҶԴǣκν͵Ļᡣ
޻̾ᱱѩԭ꣬ռݱѩԭһԴ϶ͣԳûúթһʡ
㡭
޻侳³һѪҶֱԵ֮
ӦǲӦ
ɱ¾֮ƯҶߣʱȥո
ųɽԺ¶Ц޻ȣǻ׬ˡ
ҡ𡪡Ӧ
޻ҵ侳һһֱĳģ֪Ƕôķŭȴַй
ܺãһģ
Ҷûκʴ֮ģġ
ҿģҲҪӦǣ֮Ҫǽҩ
޻侳ҶΪҶ֮󲻻ǽҩ
ҴӦǣ
ʱԣҶԴ侳ʱںκ
޻ҵ侳Ҷˣֻ֮ʣˡ
Ҷ㿴ԺԼѩԭһŵԺû˵
ԸóһԴ
ѩԭʮϣҶҲûΪ֮󣬽˳ȥֻʣѪκһˡ
û뵽ôһɣǻķʽ̸ǲǾúܲӦ
Ҷڳ̣м


515 ĺ
ŴԺѪκҶ˵
Ҷ㣬ȷʵû뵽ǻķʽ˵
ѪκһߵԪֵʴһ˼Բߣ͸䡣
ҲΪ㣬óԴҿһ
˭ܷŹΨԺܷŹҶ㻹סеɱ⣬ǿѹȥΪӦĳˡ
㲻ɱң
Ѫκһ㶣Ҷв֮𣬻Լһնݳ
ɱ㣬ҵ֣Ҫл͸лɣ
Ҷ㿴һɾֶԷҲԼ
ҶӦԼĳŵɾͶм
ѪκܿˣԼΪһ϶ɾҶ˵ʲô¶֮ɫԼȻһġ
ȻҲɱ㣬ҲԴز٣һ㣬ӴԺ󣬴ѧԺеӲ׼̤ѧԺΧһҾͽѧԺ𣡡
ҶͻȻ¶ɱ͸񷣬ڳ˶Ĥʹ
ʲôǰҶ㳹ˡ
ôѧԺӴӴԺ󣬲׼̤ѧԺΧҲ˵ӴԺ󣬴ѧԺĵӼѧԺĵӣҪ·ߡ
㡭
Ѫκ³һѪ
ĴӦˣѧԺԺ㣬ҲûеӸҼѧԺӿѧԺ˳꣬ѧԺԼͻį
úݵֶΣ
ѪκȥѪ
ǴӦǲӦӦһΥŵɱ
Ҷ޶ԣҪһôѧԺֻһ֮䣬һ죬һ꣬˥
ûµӽͻᵼƲӣѧԺ϶޷ȥ
ǴӦ
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Ҷһ˳ȥʱɾҶĶ֣Ϸһ˿ɬ
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
Ѫκһ䣬ҶôֱɱĥԼѧԺһ˥䣬ֱ
Լо綾Ժʵۿۣ޷ΪݳǿһУѪκ˫Ŀ졣
ʱɱ˹Ȼ򵥣ҪĥһȴǳѣҶѪκԶھ֮УΪŽѧԺĩյԨ
ɱһ˰ˣѧԺܼȥֻܵȴһû䡣
Զ޷ԺˮɫʮѿҶ˫ۡ
֮ϣһƼ侳ϣҶ㽫侳ɱɱҪЮҪЮѾʱˡ
ƼôģһԴ
Ҷ㽫һƼǿߡ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ⣬⵽Ӧģ
˵꣬ǿ߾Ȼշ䣬Զȥߡ
⡭
һ㶣һ侳Ҷһ仰ˡ
ܣͬ𣿡
չٴγֻ֣ڹϣҶԪڼģڳҶĻ
ɣ
ռ˳ȥޱȣҪ侳ռٶȻҪ졣
Ҳգۼʱ䣬Ƽǿ֮߳⣬ΪѾΣˡ
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Ҷǿĥʱвǿ߻ˣһ¶Լ⵽չɵ»˵Χ
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˾дҶµ֮ϣһҵĴսҶһ֮նɱ侳ǿԶסҶ֮Ҳס˽֮¡
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һĽ˾Уһεѡ񣬿ˣǰѧԺ˹ϵ
δļ֮ڣֻѧԺһҶˡ
ص֮Ҷ㽫κж޹Լⶼ˳
ղŷһĻǿһҶ㽫ħʱ̱ϵҶն䣬κ޹ľ
ɣ
˸ߣֻʣһڵϡ
⹴ˣԸԼѧԺӣѧԺأӦѧԺϳΪ򱻰ᣬϳΪȡֱѧԺ
ֱѧԺأڽѧԺӴԺʥӵһ˾Ҷ㡣
һХ֣ϼ޳֣ڰ֮ϣ׼һصѧԺ
ˣʷпһ䣬Ϊ侳ѩԭƻһƬֻš
֮ǰݵǿ߷׷ǰףأǰùϵλȥҶ㶼ˡ
ֹܸάҶԱĿԺȥӦ
ڱѩԭһЩ侳ǿߣҲв̸Ȼ򲻿ҲųԺʲôķչùϵû
ӦһʱҲųٳȥ˾۲š
һ˷ϼޣѧԺٷȥ
ʱ䣬һζϼ޳ѧԺϿա
ȫȥҶȻȥϢ֮㣬
˾гʥ˵ں˰ţڳһɽʥӵסϾѧԺֻҶ˻ôС
лԺ
Ҷм˵һ䣬ʵ˾ͿˣһʼҶɫʮֲҰףȻϢ죬ûл͹
һ˺ܿɢȥҶϢǴһ㣬ְ汾֣Լٶȴݡ
⵵ڣм˳ݣЩ˲֪ʲôÿһ϶ðµϢػڸǲ侳
ӦþѪָмҵ
һˣȻƳǵķȥ
ʱѧԺַǷҶնɱ侳Ϣݳȥ֮ѧԺɽŶ̤ˣӿѧԺҪ
֮£ѧԺֻÿµɽһ
֮󣬱ѧԺԴܿ˾пЩԴʱ򣬼ֱ֪˵ʲôرʮϣһӹƶûмôԴ
ȫѧԺڲԴˣ
ѧԺͻȻ˾ѰԴɽڸ޻ԼѧԺдѧԺԴ㹻ѧԺչǧꡣ
죬˾ԵҶ٪޷壬ȻԺҶ㣬ǴҶףѧԺǿҶ㡣
һ֮նɱ侳˵ݣ½ҲѰ
߻֪Ҷնɱ侳Ҳʮָˣصֽһ
ӼԺ
ԺǰҶ㻹ǹʩһ
ôҪȥһԯʱ̫ϳҲ֣
˾ѾûаҶ㵱һӣͬȵĴڡ

Ҷ㻹һʵ޻ӣʲô鲨ʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ڻָչĸá
һնɱ˲侳Ҷ˳㽫Դһ£ֲٺöʱȱԴˣһЩ͸壬ٽһ


516 ̫ϳ
Ҷ˾һ𣬳ȥ
Ҷ㣬ǰԯڣΪӣǵһл
վ֮ϣ˾ָǰһ޴ʯ̻һ޴֣ǴѧԺ
Ҷһ㶣Լǵһ˵ѧԺԯط
ߣǽȥ˵
˾гһ⻪ע뵽ʯ֮УȻһͨ
ٿռ䣡
Ҷ֪ԯôˣȻǶĿռ䣬ǿ߿ٹġ
ûǿٿռ䣬ֻдԪпٿռǧǰѧԺҲֹһԪǿߣ粢֪
˾һΪҶ͡
ռ֮ŨԪҪŨʮ
ŨԪ
Ʋ֮УҶŨԪҪʮ
ҲС磬ѧԺ̫ϳĵطѾ˼λ̫ϳϣһͬҪ㣡
˾ûһδҶС磬̫ϳϵ˼
Ҷ˵ͷԼȷʵǸ棬ݣûгֹ侳նɱ侳鷢
ǰԯǽȥ
С֮УʵûʲôһҲСˮֻǵϷһɫһɾ֮С
˵ԯ˵һĿռ䣬ֻдԯ֡
μλϣ
֮ҶɨһۣѾ˵ȺʮϣʮÿԺȫڣ㼯ѧԺ߲㡣
ڴףһŮҶûмƾԺ˵̫ϳϡ
ѧ˾еӣҶҲһȭڡ
Ҷһ̣׵̫ϳˢˢĳҶ㿴ʶҶɨ䲻顣
úúãʣȻӵ֮ǣӣ
Це˵
ǵ˵ͷ
Ҷ㣬Ϊһ£λǳ³ϣмλǺγϣұߵţϣ
˾ΪҶͣʮÿԼʮϣҶʶ
ղ˵ǳ³ϣʮ꣬ҶţΪҶо侳Ϣ
мŮǺγϣͺᣬʮҵӣ侳ܷϻͯòָʱӡ
Ҳţû˵ɨһ֮󣬱Ŀ
λϣ
ԵĶҶ㻹Ҫ
ɣ
³һ֣ҶЦе˵
׼õӣҶȥ˾лصԺλϡ
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һ䣬һ粻ȥԶ侳Ѿת䷨򣬾򲻵һ޷Ϊ侳
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Խǿ֮ìҲűǿ˺ڣĲԽԽС֮ìвҲ𽥼ڵõ鱦䣬Դ꣬Ҷôܲ˷ܡ
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鱦ҶҲʼڣֻ˼죬ҶͷԼ귢˱仯꾳ˣıʷ˱仯


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Ҷ׵鷿ϤĻϧȥ¥գ鷿һɣֻһˡ
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ףһҵ㣬ܷʲô飬㶼ҸףҲҶҵļ
ѷƵźΣҲҪһ
鷿ûκҶֻ뿪ԼԺȥּŮĸ˵Цĸ׵öˣҶûдţĿš
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Ҷ㰵ģΣҲҪ״ǵɽ𺣣Ҳ岻ݴǣûиףĸ֧Ųȥ


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仰ˣȥ֮һжҪСģ²Ҫ³çҪѧ̣
ҶĸűԼҪ߳һڵĶӣ۽Щʪ󣬶ǧĸǣһλ棬ľһġ
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Ҷ㲻£ز죬Ҷ㾯ĲֹǵϤȵ£ķȻҪݼ̺ܶࡣ
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½֮ĩ޹ʷʧиݵģͬľ磬߲ǳĴ
Ůֻ飬ĳԷԱ֮󣬼·
Ҷ磬Ҹо˼ɲĿ⣡
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СſϣʱҶ㴫


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ɹҶʱ־֣һ־ȫѹЩ޷ΣҶ㡣
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ջɱ¾֮ҶһŮߡ
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Ůʮֺߣô˵棬ȻҶɱ¾֮ԽԽŨ
һǵģ뿪ʮֹ죬ҾȻҷɱǣ
ʱҶûʲôЧĶԲߣֻ뿪취⿪ϵ
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ʮè֣һҶ׷ȥ
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522 
̣ͬ磬ݺüҶľ类ݺݵѹƣǰһȭܴʮֻܴһι̵ķסˡ
ҶеٶȷǳĿ죬ȻʮȻǣ˲ǧ֮⡣
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֮£Ҷչʹ֮еٶȶȻӿ죬֮зУè׷
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ڲͬŮ˹аҶ϶ûΣգҶ㲻ðգȰèľ
ҶǷеһ㣬Զèһ㶣ƺҶ㣬ѵ࣬ҲеһԱ
򣬻е޲лεޣȻ
ʩչ˲ƴ󷨣ǿ׷Ҫˣ
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һǽ⣬ŲƵ𴦣ǽԼ˲Ƶ𴦣ͨռ֮
ʮ˲ʧԭأҶ㲻ԶڷеҶһԷٶȼֱ̫ˣ׾룬ֻ֮һ֮䣬·ƾճ֡
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˲ƴٴʮèʧԭأҲʧʡ
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523 
ǰŮһ־ħԪأ츳ҶҲʵһ
ԿֲħԪأҶһ䣬ȭͷݺݵڱ֮ϡ
꣬ꡭ
ܵıҶһȭ飬ŮħҶһȭ顣
ھԵǰħԵ³ˣҶ㲻ǿ󣬻޷ƿħֻܱ
ҶƵԼħԪأŮҲһ㶣ԼħȻ޷ɱŮëֱһһħԪسˡ
ˮħԪںһ
ǹˮǿԻɱŮħԪںϵ覡
ֻΪǿˣһֱȥ˾Σˣ
Ҷ㲻뵢̫ʱ䣬ڵȥ֪˻ᷢʲôսپ
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ⲻ֪ȻҶһ߱ûʲô
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Ӱһ֣Ů˹ȥֲһܵħԪȫɳȥ
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ԲˣĲǻˣǼ˱˿סˣ취ǣ
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Ҷصƽ̨ϣּŮɫԽѿֿʼ˺ץԼ·ҶȻ޲ߡ
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ҶһУŮץ
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ҶһǯһסŮֱۣ۵ĶԷᶼˡ
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Ҷæɿħ֮ʮֱҶһ˵Ҳǧ֮ŮȻܲס
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ֻ֪ʩȣܾܲȻǻҪ컯ʱΣ⼸ˣ
ŮһûгֵĴ㣬ĿҶ㣬ҶղſԼ壬ħŮͺ޵ҧгݡ
һʤ߼̧֣һ
Ҷһ˿Ҷ֪ȥ֮ǵļˡ
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ŮҲһ̣Ůɼ걻˽ʹǳܳܡ
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ڻûãˣڸ㣬ȸôèɵ
Ůûż˵ԼǳҶʵ
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ҪĿǾһʥƽèҲǰĸҶ㡣


525 Ʈ
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ԸһҲҪʥֻоʥܻèһè彫һͳ򡣡
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İɣһڱصã˭Ҳʥ飬һԴģ
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ʵҶƮ裬ҪлСӣСӷںö©ÿһ©Ʈ֪֮֮УҶһŸ似


526 
ҶٶԽԽ죬ΪΣҶҲǸоÿһţǾ˾ļ㡣
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䣡
ͻȻ˵ͷ֮ϣ׵磬ÿһ׵Ƕһ㣬ʼЩ˳

һأŵôͷϵʱһУҲ̭ȥ
ǵٶԽԽ죬ʼǵ꣬Ҫʮ׵ɧţ˿ʼһͳȥ


527 ̭
˵ٶԽԽ죬δ£ֻɧǡ
׵ʮʱ䣬ʮ˱ͳȥЩΣգ
Ȼ֮䣡
ѹٴʮѾΣǿ󣬸޷ǿѹпܱѹ
ۣ
ѹ֮˱ͳȥ
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ʵʵǣҵʹϮȫֱӱιȥ
ιȥҲʧܣֱ̭֣ԣͳ֮󣬾ŮʼΡ
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ЩҶ˵ʱûκѹʶĶǱ޷Ҷ㣬һöʯβơ
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Ҷ㻺˫Ŀʶһɨְڣʣˮһ㣬ռݼСһ֡
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ҶɣԪһҪ
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ߵǩǰԳһҶҲ⣬ȻսҪǩֱӽλҪǸҶĺӦԶ䡣
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׵֮δɢȥٵƻԳ˵壬һ׵ɨУζԳֱӻ˹ȥ

ҶصԼλϣûԵĳԳˡ
һֱѹɱ⣬ͷԳҲԹҶ㣬ŮΣûèĳδҶгɱ¾֮
Ҷ˳ǰˣ⼸ս
ǰ˵ķֱҶ㣬èһ壬壬һ࣬壬壡
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531 
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532 ƴ
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533 ֮ս
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534 
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535 
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Ҷվ̨ϣ磬Ѿǵһڵһèʱ򣬵ʱͶԼã־ܷһС
Ҷ㣬ԼϹңҲһһӴԺߵһ
èŤƵϣҶǵһˡ
ˣлĺ⣬ֻ֮һܴȥ
ǼҲǳЦҶϿʲô鲨Ǹһ崺ĸо޺ʵҶ֪ҪҶıҶսǷǳĿֲ
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ΪҶôһǱʲô޴ֻǲ²͸ѡ
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èı飬ҶǵЦԽԽŨԽǿҶԽ˷ܡ
գ֮䣬èҶǰ
ɣ
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֣һѪ˭û壬Ѫڵסߡ

һĲҽ֣ʮ̶ִŴ̶ļһɹѪĵǣ̨ϱѪǡ
ѪʧӰȻ̨ϣһðѪݣ˳һ޴Ķʳ
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536 ɱè
ڳ˶վ쳤Ųӣ̨ӿ

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϶ǾȻסɱСӣǺ⣡
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Ҳٶ뿪壬һξʥŮ䣬飬Ѿᵽ˲һϢ
èǧ겻űҶɱ֪ʲôӦèԲưոݡ
Ů֮󣬹˾ׯ԰ţһεĹֳ֣ׯ԰
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ϵĴҶ㣬ƺǷ´½һҶʮֲ˼
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ҶǰɣϲþһΪǾеһԱ֮󣬽ʥŮĻ񣡡
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ҶΪʥӭȢʥŮû
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ʮһ㶣ҪȢʥŮҶ˼ƺԸ⡣
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Ҷȹάһ˵ԼĿģƭǡ
Ǿ壬Ųμӵľ䣿
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537 ʥ
ʮ໥һۣӶԷ֮пɻ֮ɫ
ﲻ˵֮أ
ûҶ˵ȥǴҶ㳯Զȥ
Ҷ㻹ʥŮԼһЩϣ뾫
Ҷһ壬ׯ԰޵Ļ䣬ܶ۷ȥŮУ񾲡
һݳ֣һ֮ϣ֮ߣܶСݡ
ħһɨǽ³һǵǰ
Ҷʩչһ޴֮ϣЩݽʮ־£ǰ棬һƽ̨ʺʱЪš
ݺܴɼʮͬʱ£м䣬ڷһСӣΪİСӺС
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һ֮ãʮ˺ϱ޷һȦ֪ÿһ˶ꡣ
ǰǾʥǱҪ߹ȥʥ
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538 ʥ
ϰǵ棬õָʾСĳʥ˹ȥ¾ʥ
ǰʥͻȻѣ¾һѣһѲþκ˽ҪСǧܾʥֻ
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542 
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ĶȻܶ侳
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̸˺ܶ࣬ҶǵһȥԼǾ֮ܣ޷
ԼڲŸո𲽣Ҫ̤۷壬ҪԶһ·Ҫߣ·ľħޡ
Ҳ׼Ҷļ飬һɺҶ֮ϳ
ݵӰӷ·ѾҶǰʱȴĵ١


546 
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ӵпҶʧˣڴʱһɿµȭֱ֣ӳӵ

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547 
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549 
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һصӳ֣ϢǳǿֻǶ侳ǿջѾִ侳ǿ˵Ǽߡ
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ʮ˽ǺһͳΣʵõϹʱڵһУһͳĺȫֲ˷ֻҪһΣʮ߽Ǻȫһɱˡ
ǰĺһɢɳʳ֮γԼĹʮ˽ǺռһƬ򣬲ԽȨʱ䣬ٴλ۵һ


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һ޴ĿռҶǰǧƽСһӦȫоסл԰ֱһ硣


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ܲüԪ鵤װ˷Ѱ
͹жԪ鵤ǿԶһһö컯ȡһöԪ鵤˫ٷ֮һɣûɣ
ȻԪ鵤õ˼٣ԷҲ


553 մ
˫ʮ־޴󣬲մҲһЩԴҲԻȡﻻȡʱ򣬶˫ռЩˣȻ˼ƾɶ㻻
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Ԫ鵤ôҲܻȡİҡ
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Ҷʱ䣬֦ԼֵϢѾȥò˶ãʮ˽Ǻͻ׷ҶҪץʱ뿪
룬ѾǼˣڿ޷ɣ
ãҹӣ
ҶûмȥżŮ뿪˫󣬳ֵطȥ
һʱǵӿҶסĿջѾذΧû˸Ҷ֣һֱܡ
Щ֣Ҷ޶ãʵǿҲһأųɾŶ侳侳ֻˣЩ˸вԼ
Ⱥһʱ䣬˭Ҳϳ֣ڵһҹ˰ͲסҶ뿪׷ɱǳѣһմ뿪У׷ϡ
Ȼ֮䣬ڵӰҶסķԵҶסķŮһһܹ˺ܷܿӦ

ڴҿʱͻȻһĲҽҶ㷿ʮ֮ңʱһɺɫĳƾճ֣ȴеһ侳һأ㲻ףôгǰ
Щ侳һϵıոܿһƬҲ˲䣬ҶԺ棬һʬ壬һپߡ
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ǰһմ֮ϣһʮҵӴһ˷֮ɫ

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˵֮ŮԼĸ׽մܿ뿪ֻʣˮڽ֣Ҷǿһմ


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557 
ˮһʱԣ涼Ҷסˣʱӣʱԥѡߡ
˭֪Ҷעľٶƶһ̣չͼУսһìգֱˮϵ档
һصķѹƲסռͻȻһը˻Ԫߡ
ֱһУ䷨򶼱ҶӶҶϻȱʮȱ䷨
侳ǿ󣬿֪ݻһʲô⾰ԼҪսʤ侳۷嶼ǳѣҶҪۡ
۵ĵԽ񣬽ĿҲνܣвĿܡ
ѾΪһѪˮԪڲϵҪҶֻҪԪԺܶ
µҪնݳ֮ìֱӶ˹Ԫ
㲻ú
淢ĲҽʮֲʣһأȻ䡣
ԪЩȫҲǱҶħ֮Уʱһ
һأҶķ򽫻ٴαһٴأҲиġ
֮ҶصմЩū󷨣߶մٶ뿪
գ֮䣬մΪһǣʧʡ
һҵĴսȻ˭Ҳ֪һĹӴ˸ڡ
߽֮УŮֱصԵķ䣬ʱȣȫڳʱ
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ȻҶϱȽ϶࣬Ҷһպü컯Ÿɣֱֲ֮
һ֮Ҷ㽫Ӷ䷨ȫûӣǰĴָϸķ򣬿ʼϸ
û࣬ȷʵüȼҶ²⣬ٴأƲռʽʽӦþش֡
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ǰҪǻʵԼǷǳı
һأ޷ҶһԷ侳ǼŮΣˣҶҪǵʵ
УҪƵҩǶ˰Ҷ棬ʱһĶã
ʱȣΨһǾֻгˣԱҲӡ
磬֪ʱҽ«ʱ䷨ˣʮ죬һʱܸõƵҩ
«ǰаŮľסռ䣬Լƿأڽʱ䷨һʱʮʱ䣬Ҷʡռ䡣
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ԺߵʱصƵҩ˸磬һһ߶Ƶҩ
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һҶһö˵ҩƷҩҶڵҩˮƷȻЩѣҲһԣϾϴγɹٶ
ϰҩڷڴ֮УҶٿʼᴿҩĳɷ֣뵽«档
һʱѾȥʮʱ䣬ҲգۼĹ򣬵һ¯ҩϣȻûʧܣҲ̸ϳɹöѾֻͣ溬вʡ
ΪĹϵѽһЩȫ޳
ϾһͷҶƣᴿԪãȻֱӰ磬˴ǿ԰ǵľ侳۷壬óͻ侳ļҲӡ
ǵ򲻵ѣҶԲ̷ҩͻƣԺӰĵ·ûԸҩͻƾ磬ڽһ
ǰֻˣȵԺҩȹ̾磬ٴϴһΣƾϴӵʡ
˵һΪڶ֣ƷҪһźϺܶ࣬Ҷҵһ˿ɡ
ʱڲ֪֮ţתۼȥһʱ䣬Ҷں«ȥʱˣʱ䣬̵ƣгɹҲʧܡ
ӿʼʣ𽥱ޱȾҶڳһ˿Ц⡣
ʱ䣬Ҷ㳢˺ֵܶҩɹļԽԽɹһöƷҩ
ʱ䣬ջĲǻҶĻõ˼֪صĵز
øǾˮһ㣬֮пʼһ˿ɫǳ߹귢չ
ҶƷȻûĿˡ
Ԫص˱壬Ҷ㷢ԼһãƵҩ鱦ĺô
Ϣһ죬ǽйʼ̷
ձչػһʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ŮȫٻҶޱƣӣûϴһ㣬Ů¶һ֮ɫһЩ벻֪Ҷð
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ӣҶϴһ󺹳ζ
ǺǣһЩҩÿԸǷã侳۷壡
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Ҷ磬ѾͻƵ侳ЩҩǼɣ
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ͻƵ侳һᴿԪȻѡˡ
Щ˷ãͲҪƴˣȡ̵ʱ֮ڣԼľ侳۷壬ʱȡڸһϲ
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Ůٽ飬ҩصԼ֮УʼͻƵ侳۷塣


558 
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ҶֳһԪ˺«֮УƳ괸ҶѾҩʦ
½ҩʦʮֳ㣬ҩʦ൱ƳƷҩļҩʦǳϡ٣ҩʦƳƷҩ
׼ˣʱȣұץʱ䣬ȫ
ϢһʱҶҲ̷˼öԼúС
ҪҶԪʮ־ѾҪҶȱǷ򣬻㹻ķ򣬲ͻƵ侳ڡ
ʮޣֻöɹʣ˶лͻ侳˭Ҳ޷ƿأһʣͻը¯ֱӱϡ
ƷҶδƹһսһҶȼ׼Ƶһö
ƵҩʱӳɵʣҶ֮ڰ֮ڣ˶ҲкܴĹϵ
ǿѹեҩ֮еҩԣͶŵľ֮Уеһҩԡ
ʱƣҶĻڻֻǿ꣬ܳΪһϸҩʦ
ԽԽԲγԪģֻдﵽ侳γԼԪ񣬶ҶĻͻƵأȴûγԼԪ񣬿ҶĻﵽһ˼ĵز
ԽǿļҲͺܶࡣ
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ɰڴһ٣
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ڼҶľ鱦䣬Ѿ˵㣬һİá

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Ҷʮ⣬ƷҩĴγɹΣһЩʦ޷ҶҲԼǿĻаеİԼĸ˳
뿪«֮УҶ㷢ԼĻѾʼݻʵʷչ
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ԪͻƵ侳˵Ҳǧ꣬ʵǴﵽ˼겻ȡ
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鱦ϵҪԪҪü׼
һϴ꣬νϴǽ֮һЩɾĶϴ
ϴʮʹ࣬꺣֮Уźܶ䣬кܶǸĶҪϴɾһϴɾºľ޷
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Ҷ﷢һĲҽϴһַǳʹ飬ҶȻûи䣬ǶҲһЩʣЩʱҪ޳ȥ
ֻҪˣʣʻӰһ˵һ˳ɹʧܣ֮ͬ£˳ɹˣȴҲʧˣ⿼һꡣ
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һʱ䣬Ҷ˵һҪɵڶڻ꣡
ڻĲȻǺʹ࣬ѹϢУʮܡ
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һöۻ굤ĴҶ㻹ûɵóһžۻ굤̷ȥһǿҩ汬

νǴ´һ飬ĵȼԺͻƵĻӴ
һ˿˿ħ֣˻꺣֮Уʼ꣬øеԣҲԽԪԽǿزֶͬ޷նԼԪ
Ϊ侳ڣʱľԪս˫ԪչսͿ˭Ԫǿ󣬸̣


559 ͻԪ
һʱҶ㶼ڶԼ꣬ǧԪ񷢳һ󱦹⣬Ȼʵʷչ
ĲҲؼһʧܣǰĽǰ
꣡
Ҷһͺȣ꿪ʼϣǱǿһ㣬ʼһʱƣһСҶ㿪ʼ֣
ΪҶ˽ɫ꣬ҪȺɫҪ߳һȼ
һ˵궼ǻɫڸ߼һǺɫŵӽںɫڽɫǳϡ٣½ҲҲ
꺣ͻȻÿտյоһ飬ҪͻƵףصŻ棬޾Ļʼ뵽Ԫ֮С
ۻ굤
Ҷ㽫žۻ굤ȫ̷ȥһȡԪ
һԪγɣҶҲù˼أǿĻԻɱ֡
һʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ڴĥԼԪһ㳯忿ڷŻƺݽߣϵΪҶ͡
ʮ֮⣬ҺڼٿƺҶټ
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ôʱ䶼ˣںһ죬ڵٶȣ׷ϣ
ǽƺܺãһ˵˺ܶ໰
һ˵ô໰ӵһӺ
ûҵҪкͨ˶ˣ
ȫûϢѾһ֮ɢɱǵҶ㣬ʮ˽ǺǲҴ⣬ҺΪһ飬ÿһأ䱸һصزȡ
ܺɨˣȴ׷ɱһëͷСӡ
ǰǻһ̬ȣ֮к֮ģСĶԴ˷кҶ㿿£
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һʱȥˣһ֮дһϢͻƵ侳۷壬
ŶʵҲ벽侳Ͳһ䡣
÷һ㣬СᣬԪǳħ٣Ҳ侳۷幥
ҶѾе˹ؼʱ̣ԪѾͣ񻹲ʲôǸоԾҶ㻹ҲԭǸоԪûһ˿ԡ
ȱʲôΪҵԪԾѵ󣬻鱦󣡡
Ҷһֱ鱦Ӧòֲ鱦Ǵġ
ܿƷƶϣ鱦ѧԺϵĴУȻǼٵģҶĻҲĿã϶Լĸطˣû򵽡
ԪԪ񣬼ȻԪһֱע񣬶ƺԪ
ҶͻȻеԪŨôɵģҶҲǵһξԲֻܿԼһȥ
ܿҶ㽫һĸϸϸᣬܿҵͻ侳ĸ
֮Ԫ˱֮Ԫ֮˾ֻ֮ߺ϶ΪһԪ񣡡
ǳԼͻ侳ĸҶһ˿
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ҶͻȻˣνԪԪȻֻо
Լһע뵽Ԫ֮Уܿ죬ԪͻȻͣݱһСҶ㣬ʮ䷨
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Ԫ͵һ̣꺣֮ͻȻһ磬ŻͻȻĻ磬Щ绯ΪĻʼԪ
һֱ̾Ҷ꺣걮ʱͻȻһ㣬Ƹ򣬽Ҷ꺣֮УҪҪǿĻ֧š
ʱ䣬Ҷһֱû뵽ԼͻƵʱ걮ͻȻһ˿״
һ㣬걮ҶԪ֮У֯һ·
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һ˿˼֮ɫҶ
һֱҶ㶼̻ƣǱǵҩ̻ȥģһ걮Լ·ͷų뵽Ԫ֮С
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һԪǹ潻֯䷨򣬶Ҷֽɫ͸ƵԪֱδţδ
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ô걮һֱͻƿڣʧԺô
Ҷˣ걮·˺ܶ࣬һ
Ǻܿ죬һ˿ͷ·ͷͨҶܿһ˿ˣѾҶ棬ֱ˴ˣԺҪҶԼȥ򣬴죬걮ư
һԪ֪ҵ꿰伸أ
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ŮһɷףΪҶķˣǲ߻ħˡ

÷ҶҶͻȻһѱס÷һڣ˷ܹͷˡ
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ȵҶ㷴Ӧʱ򣬷ԼѾ÷һڡ


560 ʹħ
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Ҷ㽫ԼͻԪҷˣζҶҲ侳Ȼ綼ûͻƣͻˣֻҪҶ㲻ϻܣ򣬿϶侳
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ѹôˣǰ׵һӦóͷ㣡
ŮҲʮֿʱòҶ˵ЦǶ̤侳۷塣
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Ҳûжȥ̾磬ȡͻƵһڣܰҶ㡣
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СǼ˲ͬԸĴö˵÷ˣŶҶãȻãҶѰԼá
һħԪأ
СС˵һ㶼ǵħԪأҲ˫ħʮϡ٣ħԪظǾħţУ嶼δֹ
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ҶֻǼСʩչħ֪ħ
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СΪ֮ɫǰҶֱˮħԪء
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СһУħ֣Ԫؽӡγˮ־
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ҪȵһĻԪأԪǿֻܶ࣬СᲢδԪںһ
һħأһʩչ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ƺһЩ⣬ʱ˵СὫһħʩչ
Ҷ磬ҪСˣһħԼ޷ƿأħԪǾûгֹ涼֪飡
С֣ص˵Լħ飬ʱҶ֮⣬޵֪ħ¹ش
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ҶһЩصƬֻ֮СûħںڰĵطŵΡ
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562 
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Ҳܵ侳ϢĸȾȻ֮䣬侳Ϣ侳Ϣӳγֱ֣񷡣
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ǲ֪ҶĹƣղŹӾ̬ʵоԵƻɱӡ


563 ֮
ǲµûҶȷʵоԵƻɱӣҶ㲻һ־չֳ޷ǣһ֣ҶǱˡ
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Ƕľ룬鱦֮һʮֲпᣬһߣһһ㣬רƽԪ

ӵԪǷһĲҽԪȻƾըľУĲһԪδѡ
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564 зӡ
µ֮Сữ⣬Ҷһ˿⣬˼ֱڻˡ

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ԶЩ侳ҶնһŵɫҰףȻڸŮսԶȥߡ
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ķôǷˣħٴγ֣ţëϸ˳ȥЩҪߵĺ
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Ĳҽ֣ЩСආҲ޷⣬УһЩֱӻΪŧˮȳޱȡ
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573 
ŭ岻ȴҶɵˣֻһĳ档
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ҶüŮȥȥѰҴմ̣Ҷ㲢ûдﳤڶĴ㣬޸մ뿪

Ůһ𳯾¥ȥҶһ£մֻ˫һң˫Ҷðһɵɱ⡣
ǰ׷ʱȽ޸˵̲ʱ䣬˭֪ʮ˽Ǻʲôʱ׷
׼֮Ҷ㳯˫ȥϣһβҪڳϴε飬ȻҶһƹ˫
߽˫󣬽ӴҲһߣʮֿ֪ҶҪմǿͷӵմĲǺǸҵĹүһЩŵŵӡ


574 ˮ
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ҶתӣͷӼһ


575 
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һжʧղŻǿ񾢵ķ˲ʧӰ٣ӶȭͷҶ㲻һ֮ңôľ룬Ҷ֣ȭͷڿС

Ҷһ䣬ֱͻȻȭͷ洫

µӷһĲҽУȭͷҶ顣
ôܣ侳侳ѹȭͷֱ˼飬ѵԷ˾磡
˽ͷӶʼ۷׷ףô̽ӣҶľ绹侳ûκء
ǿ
˷һЩߣҶޱǿ󣬿侳
˿ͷӱãһ䣬Ҷ˹

ԷȻΧҶ˫Ŀɢŭ棬ҽһߣס߷ɳȥͻȻʧԭء
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˹ļ˻δͻȻ˳ȥҶһȭС
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ҶݺݵĵһۣӴȥ
СʮʶȤΪҶҶ쵽Լİ䡣
˶ʼɢȥ˴ζЦݣҲ˴ſı飬˴֮ɫƼˣζʲôǱ˭
һҶ˿ģõ֮û뿪
ӻʲôҪǰ𣿡
Ҷ飬ӴСʮֿ
жҪ֣ǿԴ𣿡
һܶණһЩṩأڳһɣݻأҶдһʡ
Ȼԣ٣ˮ󶼻ȡһɵ󣡡
Ůʮֿ˵
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ʮʱ䣬Ůȥ󻹸һߡ
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һ֮Уƣʶ޷̽
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߻е㲻ţϾҶľ磬˵أӵ侳ڵʮϡ顣

ҶгһöڵһɿֲɢطݱһͷŭԣſڳҶ
飡
Ҷһ󣬽ݻŭԸˣЩŭδ
ҶɽŭԲ飬һ˿֮ɫǰСӲԳ֮һӰʲôܡ
ˮ󲻻ȥҶˮĺôԺܶԸ⽫ùĶˮ뱣֤Լİȫ
ûȷŭڵ
ȻûнӹڵӸղŵϢѾֱ
ȻҪڵˮҸ˵һ¹ء
ڵ˵Ҳֵһǧ컯㲻ģֱˮǾͿԽףһְ취Ǵܶ٣ǳȡһ󣬲Էģĳһ컯ԼҲỨһǧ
߽ؼ򵥵˵һ飬˼ܼ򵥣Ҷ㲻ģֱӽڵˮһǧ컯ɽ
һְ취ǽˮǳȡﲻһǧֵˮҲһǧ


576 𽣷
ô㣬Ҷ㶼⣬һǧ컯ܸߣǵ׼ۣҶ㵱Ȼһǧ컯ɽ
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Ҳûǿ֮ˣѹͼǱܵķӦȻҶ㲻ӦҲûǿ
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ҶҲˮƭԼóŭڵȻ˫򵥵ǩһЭ飬Ǻˡ
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ˮҪóʮ֤ô飡
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ڿʼĵһʧѾõʮ컯ÿμӼ۲õʮ򣡡
ҲĨǣֱһƷ
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˿ʼ²⣬أΪ֮˽𣬽žʧ
ߵгһɢһɵĽ⣬ƺ˽ȱٵʲô
ƷԪһƷԪȻôߵļֵ
ҶҲǰľԼϻвԪҲмƷԪһģ֪öٱҶҪЩóȥ
ǺܿҶˣԼڼԴЩûȥװԼļ壬ҶʱȱԴֲĵز
һЩռԴ˵һֵıԵӦһкܶ˲óƱֻܹ
ҳʮ򣡡
߻һ䣬Ѿ˿ʼۣʮ
ܿ˼Ӽۣһ컯ɽϾˣԺҪԴ޸ƷԪҲֵ򵽰˰컯
һƷһɼЩһЩǿ˵˿ȤǵĿں棬ǰһЩ˺٣ɽҲǺܸߡ
ȵֵʱֳһС߳
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ҳһʮ򣡡
һµվܿ޶ֻ࣬ͻһؾ磬ԪȻôȥ
򣡡
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Ҷɣʮ˽ǺҲ̫˰ɣôЩ꣬Żô컯Щˣһǧ
ʵҶ㲻֪ݵԴȱľ޴ʮ˽ǺһЩ˲Ҵ٣ٵĶһЩ̻һЩͼߣжԴ
ҶǿҶǣԼǲǸ޸·ˣΪʦƳһöҩȻôߵļǮϧԼڻ޷ƳƷҩ
ö˻һǧ컯ɽƷ֮Уҩļֵβǹ似֮ıһЩŵرҲʮϡȱ۸һδ
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һЩǿ˵׵΢΢ÿһǿ߶Լĺᣬܲʱʱ̱̿ǣܵõף͸ԼĺԼᣬӺĳɻʡ
׼һ򣡡
ϾԪıף۸ԺܸߣڳˣǧҶ޷֣ЩʱòΪҶڵȣѾˣһǧ֦޹֡
׳ɽļ۸Ǻܸߣɽ
ʮƷ֮мϢһյʱ䣬
ƷһʧѾõĽ˽ʧֻ꣬ʣУԻ𽣷
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ȻǼ𽣷׽ؼյʱ򣬿ϧֻУ
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۶򣡡
ŴһȵӣҲӣ׼ۡ
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¥һֱվӣԥһԼһ
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ǲģۣһ˵ԴΣǵӵȾڶһյĵ·
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ղ֣·𱨵Ĳ컯һֶѡ
ڶ¥ȥȻϻЩ컯¥ƺڱصãȥҲǶֻ֣ε¡
˰򣡡
һ֣Ҳ¥Ҷ˳˹ȥȻһϤӰӣ˾ȻֶÿĳһһӴŸ߰ı飬·һһ㡣


577 ľ
˶ѭȥ꣬вֱ¶ɵ֮ɫŲ룬ֱ֮ӷ
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˱ӵݣȻһȻĴݺ˵Ƽһң˫һĹϼ塣
𽣷ҶҲ룬Ͼɱ¾֮ڻһƬհףݱǽ𽣷Բ߱ʽ
ϧ컯ޣ벻ȥȿ˵һҪĿĻǧ֦޹
һǧ򣡡
ղű߰𣬴ҲѭȥϧǰһΣ޷
ȻܸҲһ
һǧ򣡡
·ں컯һֻ㿪ڶѣ˫Ĵ˵컯һĵҩҪ٣ж٣ÿ˫ռ컯ֹ㡣
һǧ򣡡
ֻʣⱾ𽣷ֻܰ̾ϢǴŴĺô񣬲һܱġ
ǧ򣡡
ⲻһԼϻһ߰ӣ·ڸκˣܶ٣ⶼҪ򵽣Ǿһֶѡ
ʱ䣬ûм𣬿Ƿˣǧһȱɼ似ּ۸Ѿⶥˣȥû塣
ɼ似˵ǧ򣬾ڶ޷򵽣ǲȱõ˺漸Уζ߳ϣһɱľǺ漸С
Ȿ𽣷⻨ǧ컯ߡ
ĿǰΪֹ¥޶ûʽ֣ڵȡ
ȽƽһЩȱ似һЩĵرǶ¥Լ¥
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ʦǺÿڲţǧ֦ʵһݣƫƫʮϡ٣ֻƫŹ˲ŻȻ۸ʮְҲʽ
ܳһǧһ֦ʮѵˣҪһǧϵݲſԣſ֦ҶСݣҶҲǰľȻûǧ֦ݡ
ƲʵӵһǧƬҶӣÿһƬǾӨ͸ǽľѲϡ
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һٶʮ򣡡
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ǶеԴҶûУһֻܼʮ
üͷһ壬ҶһμһҲԥļӼۣƫƫʮͷ
ʮӼһΪֿܣһ־ûôԴֻôӣڶ־ҸȱԴӶ٣Ҷʮ򣬵һ֣͸
е˼ˣҩȻôߵļֵ
˿ʼ۷׷ףûг֣ȻȱԴҲһƷȥЦ
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ӻǲģӼۣ̽һҶ㡣
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ȻҶ㻹Ǽʮ򣬸һɲĸо
ҶƵʵҶͿʼˣôһҩѾһ컯ˣҪװµӣڸҶⰡ
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Ҷӵǧ֦ݣŮʮ̾Ȼ棬ǧ֦ݾȻܳһǧƬҶӣֱ˼顣
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ڶ¥һͻȻվӣ
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ʱ䣬¥һ֮У˽۸һǧǸղŸҶǧ֦ݵӡ
һǧ򣡡
ʱһ֣Ǵ¥ģ޷ֱ˭
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˿ʼ²⣬ľľԪص˵õй屦ܾľأ֪ľԪǿٱ
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Ҷ㾺ӼӼۣ˿ں¥ˡ
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˵һڣѾǧ컯˰ɣϾȻôֿ࣬ʼľľ֮С
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ҵĵ̫񣬼ÿһ䡣
ǧ򣡡
¥˼֣ľļ۸ǧأһиҶ㶼ûйϵֻܳΪһ͡
ԽԽңԽˣ֤ļֵߡ
Խ˵ĶûҲȥͺñȸղŵǧ֦ݣ⿴ûҲ
ڴҶľһǼ취һҪ֣ľȷʵʮѵá
Ȼ֮ûľԪأȥ֮͸Ҳ㲻
ǧ򣡡
ˣһԼ


578 
¥ıۣȫһںӣڴԵ߻мŮϵˮ
⣬һҪÿ
¥һȻɱ˼
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ˣһشϢˮҲǽŵõǰóôһΪ죡
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ܴ֮ζʲô൱һǿҲܳΪһŵЩصĸ֣ݾͺټ
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ϳŭԵˮ̶ͷŭԣҲȥɱŭԣÿһζʧܣΪŭһǱˮ̶֮У޷ɱ
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ãԽңԼԽϣһüǮ
ϻҾͲ˵ˣ۰˰򣡡
߿ղˣӣ׼۱˳
вһЩ֮ˣǵõڵȥ֮ǻһǿߣԵ߱׼֮˲мʮͬʱۡ
գۼĹڵļ۸ǧһξȻ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ¥뾺
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ż۸һҶЦĶϲ£ˣⳬ󣬲ʱ䣬Ѿǧ
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ǧ򣡡
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ħһԼһǧѾﵽڵļޣһöڵߵļ۸񲻻ᳬǧǧѾһ嶥򣬿˵ļƣƺϷ
ȵǷôԴҳǧ򣡡
¶ݵЦݣղŻ뱨۵ȫ˳Ϊ˾Ǹӡ
ߣΪҲ֪˼ҷҳǧ򣡡
ĸˣһμһǧ˭ҲϷغԺˣ˭ãһͻܶԷĴ
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ǧҿѾ˼˰ɣҳǧ򣡡
¶аЦݣٳһǧΪ˾磬һжֵˡ
ħ۽УҲʹ˰ǧ򣬸û뵽ڵĶ֪϶һЩԴ
ôưˣǲûôԴˣȰ㻹ǹȥɣ
һӵħɢħ棬һܸӦĵ
ҳǧһŴ
ħŭ˼£ԸǧһŴƾһŴͼֵǧħǷˡ
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ˮһ£˼Ƿͬⵤǰ
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ȥʣ
ħȲˣֻҧгݣϿûдּƷҩǽƷƷҩӽƷƷҩ
ܿҶķ䣬ѯҶ
Ů˵ѡǧѡǧ컯һŴ
磬ѡֵҩʺ㣬촿֮Ԫһпͻصز
ʱҶ㣬ⴿѵãʮƣô꣬ħҲƳһţΪԼľ磬ԸŴ
ҶҲֵҩ侳֮ǰܷһö൱ڴػΪԺĵ·ƽ١


579 
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컯ֻǼԪѣͼĵҩֻҪ侳Լƣһץܶ컯
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ֻе侳ĿʼҶǰ֪̤ݵһ̣Ҷˣ£Ϊϣֳ
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һؼлҶǸһ˿Цɱ¾֮Уδǽһɨʩչͨ

ֻһ֣һ˸оһ·ʲôһ㣬оʹΪ̫죬Ĳ˼顣
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ŭХⲻݵţƾһͽӽҶκһУ

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ݣɱԽҶĹƺҪѰǿĿɽŬ硣


594 ʯ
һ·ϵĽ̸Ҷǳ˵Ǵ´һȴţʲôŽ磬ʲôԣ
Ҷֵܣа·̣ǽԳǣЪϢһ죬Ǽ·ҪˣҪҵ󣡡
նһ·֮ϣҶмӣҶҪС꣬˼ңңԶݣΪѰԼĸף٣նöʮ־塣
ն˵Цˣ
ҶҡҡͷѰҸһѰ۷Ҷ㶼ݡ
ҶֵܣˡҶ죬Ƕߣһ˼ʣϣҶֵܾ簲ţñһЩĻ˵ǣ
˹ϵѾֱ˴ˣնεԸȽֱӣʮֱˬʲô˵ʲô
նָ㣡
ҶҲͷۣԼˣȻǸ׸ǲܣҶ
õİ취ðĳ֮£ǵʣκŶ£Ҷֵܺúÿǰɣ
նθҶָһ·ϣ˼ĳţӰȫĽǶ˵ӰȫԣݵŴҪǿϰٱֹ
ҿǿǣ
ҶҲûһڴӦȿǿǣϾһĳţԺɾ⵽ơ
Ůû˵Ҷ˼ףڿ˾Ҷ㣬ҪΣգûҶ㣬Ǹ޷ԡ
Գǣҵһջһ·նʮֿеѶȫҶҲֻҡͷЦ
Ҷ֣ԳҲƶʯǣ벻ȥʶһ£
նҶ㣬ԳҲһʯǣϲʯ
Ϊʯ
Ҷһɻ֮ɫ⻹ǵһʯҵ
ҶֻǵĶʯ
նλȴûгҶ˼˵ʵҶҲ
ʯ֪ɣ
նʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ʯҶǳЩͨʯƷʯƷʯͷǳϡ٣ΪƷʯѾһЩǻۣǻһЩΣ˿ɣǾͻһЩ۵ʯ棬ΪɱһЩ˵Ǻԣ
նҲżһΪҶ͡
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵ȻҲƷʯ֣ǳϡ٣Ҷ㲢δʯβɼ
ղ˵ƷʯƷʯΪ˵ƷʯƷʯʯɲܵõΪЩʯԷǳߣԼĳЩֵʯͷ棬ɼ
նμ˵
һƷʯҪԲҶ˵еԪҪ컯Ϻܶ౶ἫƷʯˣһöƷʯҪϰ컯ԪҪĶ
ἰƷʯնҲһҲûнӴƷʯ
ȵݣҶ֪컯ռĵҩҪƷʯƷʯ׷Ŀ꣬Ϊ֮ԣ컯ûС
˺ڣ飬Խ㣬лĲΣԺҪ
նҴۼȻˣǲȥ
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Ůк֮ҶնγԳȥ
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նָǰһ޴ĲҵΪҶܡ
ҵĲҵҶ㾯˼֣һ˿ԥ֮ɫ׸òýȥԼɱ⣬֪ҲôˣһԷʶݣͶ
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Ҷϻָ֮ɫԼˣԼɱʱĺܸɾȻǿ󣬿϶ỳһ侳ϣɱ⡣
ӭλү
ӭ˵ŮǳĿ崺ĸоĸԸ߽
֮ӳĲʲôӴһڷľʯܶͷ㣬ʱô
ҶֵܣЩʯ˫ռģ˹и
նָЩʯΪҶ͡
Ҷ˵ͷľʯҶǰĶʯһЩͽΪܶĳ֮Ķҵ
λӣûȤһѣ
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նҡҡͷһ˿ɵ֮ɫԹ
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նδȰοֻǴҶʶһ£ϣҶԵʯȥ
ף
Ҷ˵ͷȻ֪նεĺ⡣
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նθҶ뿪һɲǣһ̶֣һֳӵӻ߹һȺˣӵҴء
˵˭⵰
նһʯ˫ԸҲô⵰
˵ľǣ̫ʲôʱˣ
ϴų֮ɫѾնεķϿնε
ԭȨԺˣ
նοһȨ֣³Էݣ̫ɸȨԺͬˮ𣬵ⲻһ
㻹еȨԺŵǧ
ӽǧһȨԺŵӣλʮֳߡ
ֻеأܳΪŵӣǧᣬ͵ؾò˶ʼ˽ͶѺ֮ɫϣǧߵĽһЩ
նɫѿȻ̫ڵӣŵӣҪΪŵӣҪﵽأϣնξһɡ
ǧǰɣû㣬һ蹷һ˾ҧѵģ
ҶżЦǧ
ɫ䣬Ҷ㲻侳ݾǸĴڣղŴҶΪҶնεĸ࣬ʱλȻҪնλҪߣǧǹ

ǧðһɱ⣬־ͳҶץ˹ȥ˿
˫Ҫȥ
һ֣ǧڿС
˵ņ̀ˣû㣬Ǵǹʲô
ҶƲˣ֪ǿʯͬЩһˣ£Щطһֹ鷢
СӣݣҵҪô뿪
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СĻ˵ͷ
ҶûնγطȥĦЩʯ
һ־ܿȻûֿˣЩֵֻɢȥ
Ҷ㣬ҪСǧ̤ȨԺŲһˣ
նθҶѣҲڣԷ۸ˣ³ˣпܸŶ
ϣҪң
Ҷֻ˵һ仰ûмڣ߽һʯԱߣʩչʶʼ鿴ʯЩʯʶȻ޷͸


595 Զ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ԼʶȻݱ˲٣Ҳһʯ޷͸ȥ
Ҷ֣ǲʶ͸ȥҪǲʯڣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬նʱʵ
Ҷ˵ͷûзϡ
Ƕʯ֮ӵԵʯͷʶ޷ģҲһЩǱ˫ֽţһЩƣʵһЩʯԻң
նһء
һԵľʯʶ޷ȥ֤ʯڣǲƷΪ֪ƷʯҲֹʶ룬һֿܣ˫ԻңھʯֽţһЩƣԻңΪ溬ʯ
ȻˣΪ˫ԼɣαҪóЩǿӦòô鷳ɣ
Ҷ㻹Ǹ㲻һЩǿߴһαصѰƷʯ
֪ˣݣܶƿЩУرƷϡ٣㿪ɳƷʯԼڲ
ΣҲóһЩôľʯܺõļǮЩҪˣһɲʯǰװ˷ѣȥܻȡƵԴ
˵նҲҡҡͷʵʮֲпᣬһЩţһЩ̭ľʯ˫׬ȡԴϾ˶лӴƷʯʯ͸Ҷһ·ϾлῪɳƷʯ
Ҷ˵ͷǴŵĺôõԴʣȥЩȻϣܶһѣϣ򵽼Ʒʯ
Ҷ֣㲻ҪСЩʯЩҲʧʱиƷʯ٣䶯һʱ
Ҷ¶ʧ֮ɫնμ˵
߱˵Ҷߵһһ˶ߵľʯǰվãͷ˼
նҲûҶüӣҶ㷢һЩߡ
ۣȻƷʯ
Ҷôʯʱһ࣬һڵ˶Χ˹ȥҶƣҲǱ߿ȥǧý⿪һʯȡʮƷʯջķᡣ
ͣ
ǧʮָˣæͣǰףصˣ׷յͣʱ䲻֡
Ҷ㿴ǧָһƵĶ
Ҷһ˿ɱܿڸǹȥ˫Ҷ㲻׳֣¶ţʩչʶʯ͸ȥ
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ҶĵĽľʩչΪһϸߣʯȻ޷ֵľܿȥ
һʱ䣬Ҷǻһߣ¶һ˿ЦݣľصҶ꺣棬һ˭Ҳ֪
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кηԸ
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ÿʯ涼бۡ
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ʮ˽̧ɣ
Ҷóʮ컯
ܿм߹ʯ̧רŽʯĵطΧ۲ˣղǧƷʯЩΧ۵˻ɢȥǧҲУŵЦ⿴Ҷ㡣
ʯҲ˺üΣ֮ȻҶ㿴С
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ʯʱҶûжԪҲһĺæһºˮʱǧŴ
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һѧУ㿴ɺã
Ҷ㷴ʣһȻҪѧУЩŵĵӣʱѧǱɱǻҪܡ
ǧɫ˲ԼӮ˹ȻǺãԷǸС䣬ѧУҲû֪˭Ҫˣô˵ѧУǶȨԺǧҪˡ
ôҶģ͸ҹԶ㣡
Ҷ㽫ԷʱǹԶһ˻ȥķ
ãģȻԼԸѧУܲȫ㣡
ǧһЦ⣬ΪԼӮˡ
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Ҷɲţǧһˣ᲻ˣϣм֤ˡ
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ʱ߹һʮҵߣһ£ϸȥ͸һɲɣĸоʮֲ䣬ƽʵ򲻷Ҷߵһӡ
ʯʦϣ
˷ݵλһ㡣
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ǾͶлˣ
߹Ҷ㱧һȭΪߣΪģֱ
ˣİɣҲƫ̻κһˣ
Ҷ㴦ƣϾ˵ûǧĵط׳Կ
Ͽ쿪ʼɣ
˵ȲˣϣҶϽµʯе֪浽ûʯϣѧУ˫˭Ӯˣ˵ѧУЩֵ˲ŲЩ
ʱĪնΣʱҪֹҶѾˣֻҶܽƷʯעӮˡ
֮УҶذףһκȻС˺ܶ࣬һȥʯղŻСʯ飬СһȦûпʯӰӡ
ǧϵЦԽԽŨ˵ʣôʯܿɳʯһЩ϶ʯˣҲҡҡͷҲǿʯһľ֣ҶˣһĺܳףѪ޹顣
ֻҶһ˻ǵ磬ڳֻһĶҶ㣬ǾǶʯʦϣҶʯĶҶԣΣҶһֱûз仯ԣ硣
䣬һʯȥ
ͣ
һ̵֣ڳ˾Ȼ޷˫ۣһâѿĿֱ


596 ʯ
ҶһȥпڵķһʵʵĽâ̵ò˶޷˫ۣȵâʧʱ򣬸ղűâеǽڣһĹۡ
ʯ
˷һâʧСʯ洫⣬ǳ
ҶҲһȻֻƾľĸӦӦƷʯӽƷʲôƷʲ
ʯǧٹ֣⽣ʯʮֺ溬ϬĽҪеĽ⣬رǽޣ⽣ʯϱ
ĽǧͻȻˣȻ֪ʯļֵͨĽʯҲƷʯƷʣԺһЩʯܴﵽƷ
һС齣ʯҲʤһ鼫Ʒʯǽʯ֮
üиȥ𣿡
Ҷûми⽣й¶ƻ˽ʯԣ¶һСѷ죬֤ʯļֵ
ʯʦҲһȻ֮ɫʯôЩ꣬һο˵еһ麱Ľʯʯÿ켸ܼûֽʯ
λӣ齣ʯԸ컯Ըң
ǰҪҶ齣ʯ
ǳӴˣҶֻҡҡͷ
齣ʯһãˡҲ
ҶתľܾˣҲǽޣӵнʯÿ顣
Ǯ⣬㿪ڣУǾ򣡡
ӲϷӼۡ
ޣȰ㻹Ƿɣ컯Ǵ򷢽лأҳһǧ컯λӣֻҪϽ齣ʯңԸһǧļ۸񣡡
һ߳ȻӼۡ
һγ۵ĽޣҲǽޣȲҪ߽ʯϧҶ㲢ͬ⣬վһˣҪóһǧ컯
λ⽣ʯҶĳ᲻ֻ⽣ʯҶĳгĵһöʯشԲύף
Ҷ㲻ңƽѽʯ˵Լһζʯش
ڶʯ˶֪гĵһʯζʲôûԸõһʯȥһǽʯ
ֻ㬶飬Ҷ㲻Ҳǿ
ǧǶ֮Ķעˣ
˵ĶȥҶʱתӣǧȥǧһ֮ɫȻˡ
㲻Ҫ⣬ҿȨԺĵӣ֪ڸ˭˵𡣡
ǧȻȨԺѹҶ㣬ϣҶ֪Ѷˡ
в𣿡
ҶͻȻһ䣬¶˿˿ɱ
ϣһݣвҲУ
ǧȨԺʮΣ˭Ҳӡ
ϣǼ֤ˣֹ
Ҷʱ򳯹Ҿϣϳ棬Ҷ㲻õڷ棬Ҷ㲻ֱӽնɱ
ҶҲضԼûѹϧݣأҶûоԵİգЩŵӣһûеƣҶ㻹Ҫ򲻵ѡ
ûԸķ䣬ǧȻȨԺĵӣǻԳǣȨԺƻ첻ȻˣҪֶע
ΪǧӦöֶעԸķ䡣
ҲԸأ
ǧ¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫѧУкصԺ϶ΪһЦ
뿪
ǧһŭ˹ϣһȵƳֱ֣ӳǧѹȹȥأԪСԪֵܵġ
㡭
ǧѹȵ˵
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ܲ˿ʼͣǧɫǳɫһŭ⣬ȴ޷йǻԳǣȨԺȻǿ󣬿ϧĵ̡
ڲֶעݹҲˣ
ϼѹѹȵǧ嶼޷վֱҶվһԣľ̫ǿˣ̧̧֣ɱԼ

֮£ǧѧУͻȻǷ鿴ܰˣ˶һŭ֮ɫŭԡ
ܴһЦҲҴЦϾǧȨԺӣȴЦ˻侳ȻѧУԶһЦˡ
СӣֻǵһĶҲڸҶһע˵
ǧغҪҶڶһΣղҶֻ˹ʺˣеһ齣ʯ
Ĳ𣡡
Ҷ¶֮ɫղֻѧУôѾڶĴ㣬
ûǧĲģǸѡʯгΪ˭еԽֵ࣬ԽߣʤߣɸҶģ
ǧҶ㲻ͬ⣬᲻ϧһдҲҪһ
Ҷ֣Ҫˣ
ʱնվֹҶ㣬ϣҶþգǧǶʯ֣Ҷгʯʵʱ̰档

Ҷм˵һ䣬նҲǺ⡣
ôģעǶ٣
Ҷ֪ľ̽ʯİأҲ̽һȻǧҶҲ֮ˣͬ⣬϶һС֮
ܼ򵥣ѡʯֱиռֵߵһʤߣʤһһʯ˳עһǧ컯
ǧǴֱʣһҪһǧ컯гƷʯȫӮá
Ҳ㹫ƽһҪһһҪԴ⣬ɸҴӦ
ҶҲӴ˶עһѧУԴ⡣
ãһΪ
ǧԥĴӦղڴϣûмʯҶõһˣڸѡ͸ƾˡ
ϣ鷳һμ֤ˣ
Ҷ㳯ʩһ񣬻ϣ֤ˣղŲм֤ˣǧ϶ˣѧС
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Ҳʮֺ棬Ҷһʯгһ齣ʯɣҶǲǶʯ֣ǿҶбȷǵһζʯ
˺ܿ뿪ֱѡʯͷȥˣҪѡõʯ
Ҷгһ齣ʯѾ˫󣬼֣߳ʼйעķչ˫ǵһгʯ·ͬСɡ
ղǿʯֻǻʮ컯ƾ齣ʯǧ컯Ҷ㼸׬һٱ
˶СģҶһӣǧʯľһδɢȥҶҲǸоһݽߡ
Һֻǲ鿴ǹǶľ빥ʶѸɿݡ
ǧ֣óһĴӣھʯһ죬ӶжǷƷʯ
ǧѡʯӣϵ˵ͷǧҲһʯ֣һ¹˭δ֪
Ҷ㣬ֻĨһ£ܿ뿪ûʲô̫ĶҶѵҶײˣĿĿ飬ֱ
նʮֽĸҶ󣬿ǧѾѡʯҶ㻹һûѡ񣬼ѡ
ף
ҶͻȻͣӣһֻСʯͷɻ֮
һʯʯԽԽãֺСʯ飬Ǳ˺ԣΪ㿪ɳʯҲֻеСԺʽ
ѡ飡
Ҷ㳯ŮԸһСʯͷҶŻһ컯ʮֱˡ


597 Ʒʯ
ѡʯǼ۸ԽʯļʾԽߣܶʱ򣬱˵ʯҲгƷʯһжҪ
ܶʱ˫Ŀ飬һЩ޴ʯͷۺܸߣгȫһѷʯżʡ
ҶѡôСʯҪгƷʯǺԵҶѡʯͷʱնζҡҡͷ
ˣͷ㲻Ҷѡʯı׼˼ԼĶעҲò롣
ҲһյĹǧѾѡĿʯͷдСÿһŵɫĹâ۶ʮֲƣƾĿʯ۸ʹﵽһǧ컯
вʯһǧ컯ͻˮƯгһ鼫Ʒʯ⣬׬׬
ҪгʮƷʯֻǱͣǶʯһãһʤҵ
Ҷ㲻Ѿѡ˵ڶʯͷʯͷʮ־޴˸ң۸ߵףȻ컯
ѡˣ
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Сӷ˰ɣʯͷ϶ȷüҪ£նΪʯ𿴿ͷҲֻһĻ
ΪҶѡʯͷʵ޻˿ܳʯļ氼͹ƽûκιһʯ溬ԣʯϷǳ⻬
û֮ҶѡʯͷʯͷҲܿ㶨Ҷгʯʯ࣬۸Ǻܸߣʮ컯
ǧĵʯͷҲȷﵽһǧ컯ŵӾǺã˿ȱԴ
ҽҶϣʯͷôѡ
СӣҪװģˣϽѡɣ
ǧѾվʯ򣬿Ҷ㻹ѡ¶֮ɫ
㲻ż䣬Ǿʵʵı죡
Ҷԣûǧѡʯͷȥˡ
ǧʯͷҶһһɨһ鲻ŹŹ˰ʱʱ䣬Ҷѡʯͷ
ˣѡڿԸпһʯ
ϼȻǼ֤ˣվζʯ˿Ըѡһʯͷֱг˭г߼ʯ
źãҶһʯһ鲻۵ʯͷղűҲõʯСʯҶ
ڿʯˣ
Źϻһ䣬䣬ʯһ£޴ʯܿСһȦһ¶ʯġ
ǧʯ֣ҲգۼĹ򣬸ղŻһ˸ߵʯͷֻʣ°׸ңѾܸܵ
ˣǿ쿴ǧľʯˣ
δпѾ֤϶ƷʯǧһʯгƷʯòʮۺ졣
꣡
ǧ䣬ʯױ©ڴҵǰϰڷʮƷʯл鼶ܸߣӽƷʯ
ǧһʯгʮƷʯ
ǧһĳɼ漴ҶҶ㿴ȥҪҶһгʲô
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£ҶĵһʯҲƿ¶һ˿˿
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ն¶һ˿м֮ɫٳɣҩصԼķ䣬ȫͻơ
׹󷨣ʺСΪԭ򣬲ܲ󣬶þ󷨺ģ󷨲⵽ƻ
Ҷҵһ󷨣Ǵ֮ݻϡ
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ղѾĹҶ֮֡


605 
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ֻ߷ֽ⣬˷ֽŷֽͼ򵥵Ķ࣬ܽ΢硣
ǧ״ˣԼԽڱҶýѹƣǳ裬Լǿ似Լ
ǧ֪ʲô죬ˣɣ
µ߷ֽǺˮһ㣬˿ռ䣬ǧѹȥ
ƥңԶǺӵִݱ⣬˺Ѷ
˸
ǧһɿµϢȻȼվѪΪۣҪֵҶ߷ֽ⡣
ֱʱնβ֪ҶŴӺζ߷ֽ⣬һЩŵĵӣ츳κſ¶Ҫն룬ǲҪҶ̫ڡ
ûõģ߷ֽǰһжȻɣ
Ҷޱ飬߷ֽ⣬أһѿȻĿռ䷨̣Ȼ޷Ҷ߷ֽ⡣
Ҳţ
ǧһŭ𣬴¶һ˿˿ѪȼվѪĴǴ侳磬ǧ첻Ҳ䡣
ϧҶ㲻ᣬҹ


606 
߷ֽ⣬˺죬Ľ⿪ʼѹǧ·Ưһ֮ϣɱ겻ϵϮ
ʲô侳أȻԾԵѹʽҶ˾֮⣬κһսء
رķ⣬ǿ߶ʮۺ죬޲ҪռΪС
ҲģҲȨԺţôһϵ
ǧĺĽ̴壬иһ˿ڣѪ
ҹעĩգ
һĽ⳹ױǧ峹ûȵָܻʱһжʧˣֻҹ磬ԭصͦӰ
ˣ
ƺδôô
ˣǧˣĺܳף
ϧ˼ʣҲĽ
ϧһžôˣҶôǿʵĽҶ侳ɱؾ
꣡
ǧһӣԥϵƣһϢԺ֪ǧһǺ뿪Ψһİ취ϣѧԺΪǱ
ǽҰɣ
նεһʱ˳ȥ˶侳һأնҪɱǣʮס
˸˿Ϊǧʧȥսֵܿ챻նһһնɱ
һҹʱܿȥҲû˳֣ҶɨһȦû˼֡
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ˣҶӰӺܿʧڻԳǣǰ
ĹٵϣҶ㼸˲ǰԳǵ飬նö˹Ȼ룬ϣҶܼ̫ڡ
ҶʣȫԽţӴԺܷԴİֱ̫ˣԺҲߡ
ʱҶˣŮǰ;Ҷ㵹ǿǹʵڲУǼ̫ڣնδΪչˣҶҲȽϷġ
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Ӵڵһ࣬һûκθ飬еʵ


607 ƶƻ
ڷ֮лص䣬Ҳܻеһ˿顣
һںδ
ҶóһŻǸҶģҶ׼ˡ
Ӵڵ˹ȥҶ֮Уֻһӡ
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֮ϢͨһӴϢϵͳҶݹһ̣Ѿݣ͸ʼռϢ
һϢڴһͷһڵߣѾڿʼż¼
Сʱٴγ֡
Ҫһǧ컯
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Ƽҷ֧мǧ޳ȥŮӺֹǧ򣬺ܶ嶼ƼйҲϾƼҵϵֻǷ֧
Ҷ֣𣬼Ƽң
Ҷ㻹ԥ֮Уնʱʵ
ŮҲǴŹ֮ɫ֪Ҷʲô
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ʱҶʵŮվվҶߡ
һҶеĵǣԼһ˿ԽƼңô죬ѵˣƻ֮ڣûǵݡ
Ƽҷ֧Ҳ˽룬ҶܽȥѾȫ׼Ӵ˶źˣ޷졣


608 
Ƽң
Ϊ֮һ̻񣬼֧꣬ѱ鲼ݡ
ڼң˶ܽ룬ٷ֧ĵҪڼңֻһ;ʮһεڼұԣӸ֧ѡţڼҡ
Ҷڵ񣬾취Ƽҷ֧ȡúΣ֧μڼҵıԣڼңȻлԼĸס
һƻҶڵ컯൱һҶ㵱ȻôǼŮô졣
Ҷ֣̫һŮӷ壬þɽϣŮӣǵʣǵӦòѼ̫ڣԺҲиŵĵطӵмõԴھ侳ǰױ̭
նǷҶһ飬һֱҪϣʱǼ̫ڡ
ҶԥˣദˣȻôֿŮǣȻҶֿ
֪ҶиҪȥֹ֪Ҷ㣬ֹҶһİ
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ţӦնεҪŮ׷׵ͷԸ̫ڡ
Ҷ֮ɫŮɨһۡ
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һʱ䣬ˣŮҲһõһĥ£ҲǵŮһɳϢ
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նθնѩվһԣҲǵȾתͷȥĵ档
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ʮ·üһ˲Ž̫ڷΧɽŨֲӴĽȺһΰţ̫ڡ
Ҷ̫ʱҲ𾪣ʮ֮һѧԺȣƻû˼һɽ󣬸ݰڿУҩ次
ҶҪ̫ڰٵ硣
ŮﱾЩ꣬Ҷֿ̫֮ܲһӺöˣҲһԵ֡
ߣǽɽţ
ص̫ڣնξˣҶ˳ȥ̨ףſ̫ڵò
ڣֻоӢӸ洫Ӳܽ롣
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նʶ˲̫һ޷壬רޣΪ֮ãֻҪ㹻Դܻȡһ
Ҳʧܣ׵ħҲΪʧܣѣ޻ҡ
ʱ䣡
ҶĿͷ޳ɽ汼ȥ˵ء
Ҳ̣ǵȻūۣʱлᣬҪûߣ뿪̫ڡ
Ҳʱ䣬Ѿеӳ߸ҪֹޱӣϧЩʵһ㲻ֻҪǱǩūԼǰֹࡣ
һЩӴ޳ǰ棬һЩ޷赲ǵĽŲҵĺȻ
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ǰмͷʮֱ꣬ɺ죬ѵļͷޣֱײɽƣ޷塣
ȵ޿Ҫɽŵʱ̫һЩϲŷ׷׳أɽǰ
һʱ䣬޾ܳɽţ޾ɽҪץסǣܡ
ô죬ѵҪ޵ļ̤֮𡣡
նѩջصţȴ飬¶һ˿־֮ɫ˭ҲԸ


609 ̫
޷׷̤һɲ֣ӣ˿ֲޣҶ㶼޲ߡ
ЩޣʵĶ侳һңǰ漸ͷܵصϢڶ࣬أԿơ
ЩɱĳϣҲأȻҿⱻ޲ֻ޳ڼٱȥ
д֣ܳﵽظֳ֣Ȼ޷޳ѹ
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նҲ벻Ȼᷢ飬ޣÿűزٵһҪԪ֧֣ΪͽʡԪģһͷԼޣҲս
޷һʲôˣȻôᱻ޳忪ƣʱҪȶˡ
޿Ҫ̤Ҷ׼ħŴһħ֮Уһѣ򲻵ѣҶ㲻й¶ħܡ
ಣ
СͻȻ˫չȫɢһ͵Ĺâʹ֮⡣
ҪֹѾˡ
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Ҷ磬ҵʹħƽϢŭӦÿƽ޵еķŭǰ
Сеħһ裬͵ĹâӳȥЩȫǣʹħʼϴ޵꣬ǵõʹħϴϴȥ塣
һĻǰֹĵӸϿ˭Ҳ벻СС壬վ޵ǰ档
գۼĹ޾ܳСٲܿͻᱻ޳׼̤
Ҷ˲һУ˲ȥС᲻ֹޣҶ
ڴʱֵ鷢ˣЩޱ׹֮󣬱ޱ˳˳СèһʼſСǰ
Ҷó嵽ǰʱ׼֣ͻȻı仯ҶҲһ㶣СʹħȻôãܻŭ
ôܣСŮ˭ô޵ıֹˡ
ǰΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ŵӻŵӣоӢӵףʮѶ
˵ĿˢˢľۼСҶϣϲδ̫ڵķΣҲ˵ǲ̫ڵˡ
նΣ⼸λǣ
֮ϣһߣǸնųϡ
ϣ⼸λѣö˾;֮
նγϱһȭҶ˵ݣϷ׷£лӭϣʱԷ˱仯
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룡
Ҷ˱̫ڣӭʹ߼Ĵ
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µĹ̫ڸܿ쵽
Ͻղŷ򵥵˵һ飬Ҷ˿
̫һ˽кãʮңϢʮޣҶȻӦϡ

նθնѩܳǶŵӣƽʱܼһ
񣡡
ʮֿʾҲҪ
޷ҵôˡ
ѯ޷Ϊη飬ͬ鷢
Ѿˣһͷ޽ʧܣʩչ˻ԻһѱʦһЩƣ޷׷롣
޳ľȻһͷޣʩչԻһѱʦ

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Ϊβ̫ڣ
ôЦеҶ㣬ҪҶ㿴
Ҫʱ㣬Բܼ̫ڡ
Ҷشʮָɴࡣ
ƺµҶôشû⣬ʵǴݶ
նѾҶѾ߸
ûҵȷݶ
ҶûҲûıҪ
Ը̫ڣҿΪŵӣܾӢӵĴ㿴ô
Це˵һԵ϶ɫԶݡ
ǰ˵Цˣεºܣֻ侳ϰˣʵڳܲĺ񰮡
ҶЦһԾܾջ̫гˣֱӳΪŵӣܾӢӵĴĺôûԸܾ
侳ӵ߷ֽ⣬ɱȨԺŵӣҲϰĽɫҵҹªˡ
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˺ܶ࣬ܶ඼ǺʣҶڴں⣬Ҷ㲢δشԼѰҸ׵飬˼Ů֪֮⣬κ˲ö֪
رҶ֪ԼƼδ̳֮󣬸Сй¶ֻǱԼݣѰ۷壬һ
Ҳû˭ԼܣȻҶ㲻ϼ̫ڣֻܱʾϧ
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610 Ѫ
Ҷ뿪̫Ѿȥʮʱˡ
ûʲô仯ӶϵȥϣȡԴɱԽÿ춼ڷţһΪԴ
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ʮ֮Ҷ㴩ʮڿ˻ǵӰӡ
Ƿ·ڻɽʮֿ񱩣֮Ʋ޹ʶ
ĴǣҶҲһ꣬гǣΪҲΪССһСǣһĹһҪ޴̸ӣƼз֧
뿪ڼң￪֦ɢҶһ
ÿ뿪ڼңҲ˼Դڼңһìܵ⡣
ֻмڼңиõԴ봫˵еľ磬Щ֧ӣϧһдۣҪڼҡ
ÿڼ֮Уֻ̭һЩǰ;޹⣬ڼҲԴֻ뿪ȥ֦ɢҶΪƼҼӵܣʮڼһΣϢ
Ǳ֤ڼԽԽǿϵɸشͽŵӣʤ̭ƼҲ겻
꣬ڼҺһЩ⣬ڼΪδ̳˳飬ڼҲһϣٷּҵΣա
һڼҷֿ̽ڣƼ⼸ҲǾٲά裬Ƽڼˣٳٲѡ̳ˣ紫ۣ˲²ƼѾһɢɳҲ˴Ƽڷңôį
ǣһŨ֮ݺύһֵȥܶش󣬸̵껹ж޳ࡣ
ҶĿĵƼңλڻǵĶ࣬ռݺܴһƬڻǣƼҲ󣬻мҲС
ĪңңӼңﶼз֧һЩȻڼң˿Ƽҷ֧ǿ
һЩǿţ涼ԼÿڣһЩѼŵӣݾǳҡ
ΪǷޱȼ̣ϿнֹУҶֻܲУСʱ䣬ſƼҵӰӡ
ռƻĽܣҶҪҵƼһˣԼƼңԼ屻𣬲׷ɱͶƼңһƼͨӣӵײȡƼӡ
ڼƻ֮ڣҶȻƣҲƼѪƼŮӼҶңԳ֮ΪƼҵҲΪֻǸƼĵӻһ࣬϶ͬ
һ㣬Ҷ뵽ˣĿֻȡòμڼұԵĻᣬûдõƼҵ֧֣ԴԼȡʱȱ١
׼õƣ֮Ҷԭأһյʱ䣬һʮҵӳҶ
Ҷ㣿
´һˣʵ
Ҷ㣡
Ҷش

㣬ӴҶˣʱҶһƫƧķ֮С
ʶֱɨһȭΧûκ˳ûŷġ
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ǻƼңһŵӣ֮ƼҵѡһٳлμڼұԵʸ
Ȼ֪Ҳٷϻ˵
㲻̫ܵõʱ䣬ⱻ˻ɡ
һöŵƣţһҴƼң켸·ڷһԺӣʱ䣬㰲ĵУҪ£𣿡
óһƣѾ̺Ҷ֡
Ҷ˵ͷһ˽ˣü˽⡣
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㽫һ˵رأЩɫһЩأ߼𲻹޷롣
Ҷ㽫ͼָ棬һϸϸ۲졣
ˣڸߣƼԺǾİˣӴԺҲҲͬİ·ԺһжҪԼ
֣ص˵
Ҷ㻹ǵ˵ͷԺȷҪԼܰﵽϣѾ御Ҷ㵽ڲ֪ڵ컯ֵ
뿪ھͽƼң
뿪ݣƼȥߵţǺţϡ٣ʣֻŵСˣƺʶһкͽȥˡ
ס֮һҪͷرǼŵӣ׼࿴ɱ֮
㻹ǲģһ䡣
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ǰǼãҪΪĵӷԺжҲԵһһЩŹòࡣ
ÿ嶼мãƽʱӻȡԴĵطƼҲ⡣
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볤Ͽӣڶܳҵ׷ɱƼҲܣȥƼҵ
㽫Ҷ˵ĺܿҲܲȡߵͬ顣
˺ܶͶĵӣѾ˺üĿ˹ƼңԼԸսһҪѪԣȷʵƼѪȻûУߣ
˵һ֣ƺͺܲġ
һ㶣ƺû㵽һڣϳһ˿Ϊ֮ɫ
ϣѵ㻳ݡ
ִӻóһߵ
һɣѶȫҲУǼԸģ˭Ҳ
һ߾ܾˣ֮˭ҲΥ
ҶҲԥԼ浽׺ƼѪԼѪԣ֤ԼðƵģºѰȫ뿪Ƽҡ
ѪԣҲ뿪ҶѾ硣
ȥѪԡ
Ҷ㿼ǵʱ䣬ֱӴǳڲȥרŲѪĵط
߰ɣ
ֻεĸһ߽ȥ
һͥԺһƬ䳡أ궼һ似Ǽء
һʯǰ棬ͣ
ʯѪʯͷ֮ϣ⣬֤ӵƼѪûУðġ
ʯͷרΪƼѪ趨Ҫ٣ܡ
ǿ쿴ǰͶƼˣһҲðƵİɡ
Щĵͣ壬߿
ҼǵǰиðƵģˣ󱻼⽴ȥιȥˡ
һ˴Ц⣬ǳƼҵӣսʮų⣬ҲƼѪһ


611 ˼
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬ƺǹֵģ¶֮ɫƼңһֱų⡣
˭Ը˽ϷǵԴ׻˵޳ȥŮˣóȥˮ滹ƼҵѪҲòҵϿɡ
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Ѫεϣ˲ûʯͷ棬ʯһ㡣
ֻʯͷâ֤ҶӵƼѪâԽʢѪԽԣþʯϹ⣬Ѫޱȴʱڼߣڼ
ʱһһйȥʯ޶Ҷʮ־ܷ⣬ҶֻܸıƻʵڲУǿͻΧȥ
ڴΪҶҲðƻʱ򣬾ʯжˣһ΢Ĺһ͸ܿ쵽ϡ
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âԽԽǿղŻǺ⣬ת۱ɵɫƺгɫչ
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Ҷ㰵˵ܿͨеĵԼ̳˸һѪ
ԵѾþݣŹâδֹͣԽԽ졣
Щֵ˶׷ױ죬ƼѪѾɫһɫ¾ͻڼҵעˡ
ƼѪһΪ֣һ־Ǻ⣬ͨѪƼұ鲼ǡ
ڶ־ǵɫѪѪҪϺܶ࣬Ƽеƫϡ
־ɫ˲κƼҷ֧ھţлڼҡ
־ɫѪݣƼҲȼˣѵҶҲɫѪ
ϧһյʱȥˣɫնɫѪ
¶ϧ֮ɫɫѪǻƼҲеӽڼңʱƼҵĵλˮǴߡ
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תߺܿ¶ЦݣƼңɫѪҲҲʮˣֳһˣǴϲ£һڼұԣǻƼиĻᣬԶȡڼҸ
ܲѪܴȷƼҵӡ
Ҷļ̬һһٰʮȵĴת䣬ղŻһӣھȻеͽ˼
ɫѪڼ֮У˭ͽᣬҶ㲻֪ЩƼҵӿ֪һ
ˣҶɢȥɣ
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ǵͼڿԻȥˣԺʲô׵飬ҡ
ԽҶ˳ȥ
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ݵҪǿϰٱֹƼҷ֧һͨŵӣôõĴŵӣǸá
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ĺܺãѪǧҪй¶ȥⱻ֪ûɱ
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ȥһ£СǰʲôҪһǻƼҵŹ£ȡڰ֮󣬲μӼȣȡڼұԵʸ񡣡
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ƾǣҶһ춼޷̫꣬ˣĴǣݲֻеȡ
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ȻһϢҶɱɱ
Ҷһֱ˵ģƼҵӵͷߣҶ£Ҷ㰲ĵĶȹһ꣬Ŭ硣
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613 Ҷɱ
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616 綴
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ƺ磬ǲܾôˣСֻܷ綴֮࣬Ҫ
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ҶѾɶʮף붴쫷ǿ󣬴ľʯ֮ǿ֮


617 侳
綴֮У׷磬ٴﵽһٶȣͻ
֮ƯʯԽԽûй켣ѭҷ裬ʱңʱ޷ĥҶһּս
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Ǿһʱ䣬Ҷٵϵı쫷紵ǿһӡ
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Ҷʱ޿̶ƶ壬ûֹͣԪٵģҺҶϻв컯ʱԪѷ
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ЩήƤȫȥ³µļ͸һδιƤ棬ſֲ
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ָһɽħ֮УҶҲʹЩΪһ̣˭ӵоŸÿһͻƶǱʮ
Ǳǵҩҩݣֽ⣬ΪԪЩƷʯƷʯһѿеʶħųˣʣ¾ԪҶ֮С
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ҶЩѹıܶ౦ﶼûüʮ˽ǺϾӶԴҲӶ̫ԴڻԳǣҶɱʮ侳ҲǻȡһԴ
ЩԴѻʮ侳ͻƶ㹻ˣڶҶһϡ
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ֱʱҶŽЩ䷨ΪԼһ֡
ʼŨеķŨһ𣬱ҶԼĶղŻǴȰϸķ򣬺ֱֻܿ۴ϸҲڼ١
Ҷڷ綴ͻƣ˿֪Ϊ쫷ʱ̺ХʶֻҪ룬ͻᱻ쫷˺ѣ侳ʶ޷롣
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Һõ˺棬ԴǺӴԪҶĵļħʼܵԪҲղ٣ҶΡ
Ҷڼɱ֮⣬
ɱ¾֮ʣ㶫޷޾ѪݻҲƷ֮ì֮־ݻҲʵʡ
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һͻƣҶʶһ⣬ԺͻҪԴǲǻҪķҶ治ž粻ϵԺҪĶԺ㡣
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ɵԴҶͷ֮ϱһɿµƣƣҶ˳̤侳Ԫ
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ٴܵǽڱҶƳҵĺһʯ䣬쫷磬Ҷݺ
ҶѾ˷֮Ԫأʱվ쫷֮УΪһ壬Ƿ磬Щʯ֮Լܿ޷Ҷ塣
飡
ЩʯҶ㣬ǱҶƸΪ촷ۣɷĩɢڿ֮С


618 ǿƳ
׷ԽԽңһ޴ʯͷҶ
ЩʯһҶ㣬ͱ侳Ϣ飬Ϊ촷ۣ޷
磬׷磬øӼ̣
һž粻ǿԽԽǿԽԽ̣ͬͿ˭ǿ󣬴ӽݣҶصƣʩչҲ޷ס
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侳ʱնɱ侳ǿֻǷɽһǣ򣬻кԶ·Ҫߡ
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Ҷ侳Ϣһ͵ȵһسڣҲƺпһ£侳ʱҶܻһأ˳ͻ侳㻯ǱضĶ֡
ÿһ춼֮Ҷƺûãʵܰȥһ˵֪
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һĲҽ£ʮ侳ȫڵϣѣ̶һУҶһȭУûӵ壬ȱ첲ȡ
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ƺӲ֪ǲǸԼȫɢһɿµƣʱݲ⡣
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Ҷ۶һ֦һĨʧֻʣһͺͺָ֦ƺӡ
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޷߱ʽҶ㱾޽໥ͻߺںһҶʩչ߱ʽҲʩչһã


619 ֪
ҶȻ֦ƺ¶һĨ֮ɫҶ㻹ǿȻ֦Լ֡
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623 Ƽ
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ν˴ܣ꣬ЩСĵӸܲصĳֲ̫Ҷ˷ԪأҲ⵽
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ҶûκνͣΪûɱƺӣѾǿˡˡ
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ҶҲΪҶʮְΪҶѰ·ڼ壬Դ϶ɵ֣潻棬Ҷ˴֮ƺӲ˵ϵʣȻ˰Ե
һ㶣û뵽ҶĽͣⲻǼ˫ì
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Ƴƺ״һ
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ƺǰȥ鿴йԱȫҳһʱҲʮӣܿͲȥ


624 ҵ
ڳٵӶӺɽƺ׵ʻɽܿ챻ھ
ƺûеѯʣôҴĻش𣬼ڳ˭Ҳһ֪»Ǽˡ
ϣڻлҪ˵ƺӴ˰·Ҷ㣬Ҷڷ綴ͻ侳ľ
ƴЦݣƶ˵
һյ˾ˣܸҶᲢۣ
ȻƺɱҶȣҶֻϻǵϣҶ㷴ǶԵģ޷ܵҶյӣĶӱһյӷˣ׮ԹҪ⼸ܡ
ҶȻյӣƼҵѪ
ƵҲ϶Կ
ʲôʸҶһҶ֮ʣķֽ⣬أлͻƵصĴڣһĽɫ
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˵ĶԣǵĸĸҲƼѪĲǵʴ˵
һյվ߰ÿһ˵Ķ棬˿´ϣ˶֪Ǽصһˣʱܿһ
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شֻĸ֣һɺ飬Ҷûκξ֮ɫ


625 
˫ĿˢˢľۼҶϣҶĺȾԴϵвҶη壬ĸֵҵ㣡
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һЩǰۿĵӷ׷ȥδƼҶˣǰͰķչǿԽԽǿԽԽһһصӸҷϵв
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626 
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ҲˣϸˣƺûϵǰҪɱСӣҲҪΪ
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ϣģһԶ֧㣬ɱСӣĩһ֧λΪƼ¼
ĩҲɵӣҰĲһֱҪΪƼҼЩ겻£֧ĩվڴһߣʱ˵֤ĵĸվһϡ
仰ˣСӻ˶á
ƶһЩֻҪܵƼҼ֮λһжֵá

賿
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Ҷ뿪ãҶȥŷǸˣǰûҶӰӣȵӦʱҶѲ֪ȥ
Сʱʱ䣬ҶһƬĵط˿ϡ٣ҪǻһЩͼǻײߡ
ǾסӶûжǰ;ŵѪӣ첻֪̫ܲܿϹӶûжԴԹӦĵطȽƶ
ͨѶҶȺԭأʮʱ䣬󻢸һ֮г˳
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󻢸ʮֹҶʩһ
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Ƿֱҷ֧ɣʵǿӦңЩ귢չķǳ
ξңǵ̱鲼ݣҲ֮ܲ׵ļ
پӼңƼڻڵģĪΪĪҲϲһ㷢չ壬֮Уƽ͵һ塣
ЩƤ֮ϣиŵӵ֣ԼƹܵԴȵȣнܡ
ˣǻһЩҪר˻һЩԺ󷽱ϣ
󻢴Ӵָóһ֪֣֪ҲǶ࣬󻢰·ǳ
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һʱ䣬Ҷ㶼Щ֪ʶֱƻʱ֣ҶԴһô֪ʶҶҲǸоԴʹ
ĺܺãҹҪԶţԼСģҪ£񣬲Ҫġ
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ʱ֮ҶƼҷΧ֮ڣӰһֱǻƼҴŲԶҶŵЦݣһ㳯˶С
ҶЦһҡڵ߽壬صԼԺ֮С

ϸۡӺ߽ܿ
ɲ鵽ʲôϢСΪγȥˣ
ƶˣҪ֪ǴʲôϢ
ܣδܴʲôϢС̫ƻǸˣ
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˲Ҷܿ뿪ϸۡ

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߱ʽѾݳʽҶҪ˵ʽأҲԱ֮ˡ
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˶Ҷһ׺ɫ·һͷ֣ȥʱϳ
ûԥ·ͷִϣһ뿪Ժӡ
רѡһЩڵĵطߣƽʱû˳ûԾ뿪Ƽҡ


627 뿪
ڵӰӷٵ뿪ǣһʱ䣬ѾһƬĵطǰǰ治Զһ˿֡
ԾǰԽԽ󣬺ܿ췢һСӣ߾ǴС洫ġ
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գۼĹҶغҲС档
Ŷ룬滹վӰӣŮ
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鶼ˣѾ·βһҹʱ䣬δӣҲûз˸٣²Ÿϻ
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ĵ˵ͷ


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ҲΪҪһЩԱ
췴ʵ
ΪԽ࣬ȫļҲͻӣ
˿ˣһӽȫɱ
ĿԴɣ
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ƽ˾ûʲôֻɼһΪ׷ѰϢ
˹Ļش
Ҫʱһ£һεֻɹʧܣһʧܣ֪ζʲô
ͻȻǳӣغԼݲһ
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˵Цˣֻѣ۾磬Ҹλȣ
ҶЦЦԼһˣֻʩչƮԪأһ·УûôԪˡ
ҺӰûмȥϾÿ˶Լܡ
ǰǲԭ˵вٺǳ֣ҪСˣƬԭǾܽɹųǣЪϢһ죬㾫·
ҲǿһҶ㣬漴˵
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Ϻ˷Ըһ·֮ϲʹô˫ȸ·˽ӴֻѡһЩɽǰ
ЩɽԭȻṳ̂㣬ûΣգҪһЩطΣգΪ޵á
ݣȻռλ޵Ժӡ
˵ٶȺӳӰӣܿԭĵشһʱ䣬ܺԭ
أ
ͻȻ֮䣬һǰ֣ңԶĲԭͷ
ǼӿŲʱӦǲԭǳʳʱ䣬ǾܿⱻǷ֡
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ٶȶҶ㻹ʩչƮ˫żմأڲݵƽƶһĨ硣
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Ҷˣǰɱ޲Ŀģڵ̷ǿԪ˵Ԫ鵤ҩ
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ҵʹöŭһһ䣬ЩǱɳȥҲȲ˴ƬѪ⣬Ѫܡ
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ʱӰﻹǸղһװ׾˹˹ĵģ絶壬е䵶ûӰЩ˹ĺǺХȥ
ĺͯǴ๥ΪͯʩչǱ޷Ƚϳʺϲ߹
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֮Ϲһ磬ʮͷԭǳǼ˹ܷУҲһȻܳʱУǹ㹻ˡ
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Ҷûлشκ˵ʻǳ˵ҲһΪѾϿĿ־塣
ӰҲ⣬¶һ棬ФȽһ˿壬ͯô񣬻ڸǲһ˿ԥ
ҴӦ㣬Ǹȣɱǣҵĵ
˴ӦҶҪҶһǿ뿪
˫һӵڵϣɱ¾֮ǵʹ
Ӱ¼˷ס˵棬һҶϣһ֮ɫղǶʼҶ㣬ûһվ֧Ҷ㣬ȿԼ
޼ɵɢĵδѾγɣµĵݻɸ̬
ʱı壬ʱϵĵ桭
̬ܿ쳯Ҷ˹ҪҶ߷ֵĵزǸУҶʱ뷨һһľС
ҺòֻһУԶԷصľ磬ҪɱҶ㣬ӦòܷѾǽһжʤҲ˵Ҷֻһλᡣ
޵ĽҶɢЩĵ޷˻ǶԭأԽԽԽ졣
һЩ˶˺վڸ¥֮ϵЩˣ˾ǿ֮һЩ˱˵ĵѹȵ޷̧ͷ
ԽԽʢԽԽǿ˵ƶվмĺӣһǸܵѹ
ʱһ˲䡣

ɱ¾֮Թƶ˲仮һĻߣ˭Ҳʲô켣˲˼顣
ѳֵܲܵһ
˵ĵղŴҶʶˣҪҵĻɣ¾ҪҶһܻܲкˣܣȻ֪
ϣ
ʡ
ĵһնʮֲֿÿһռ䣬ҶĽȫ֣ǸǳҪǰľ
һתͻȻһϸ֮УΪһƥ⣬ŭն¡
۹һ˭Ҳ벻ҶôģĽѾƣôСĿռ֮Уֳܷһƽֱ̺ˡ
ͣ
塭


634 ۶
ѤʵĵĽʽһпôĶ˶һһ԰Ρ
纣ˮһĵ⣬ҶĽʽεסˣ޷룬ڴΪҶذܵʱ
ҶĳԹĽǶȣһϸ֮µĽ˲䴩͸һУûüӦ
ͣ
壬Ľ˺˵
ϣ
еĳͻȻ֮ϣҵʹһʱ˳ƣȻϵĽᱻϵ
һз̫죬ڵʯ֮䣬ȵգ۵ʱһжˡ
ʧղ̵Ŀռƺһӻˡ
˵ĿˢˢľۼҶϣҪҶ㣬ССһسڣȻһ˵
ϵ˿ڣƺûлع
ת
һɿֲɱӺ˵ϱǹˮҶû
ҶվԭأûκζԷҪɱȻҲǶࡣ
Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ҪҶǰʱͻȻʧ
ĶܺãҵѹȻ治ɫһҰˣߣ
ջƣ˵һ䣬漴ջȥʱɫѾȫ
ӰµƺûзӦղɱ˾ȻˣҶһˣ˶о˼ά·һʱܲˡ
ɱ¾֮ʧҶ㻺תӡ
ۣ
һѪҶ
Ҷ㣬ôˣ
ӰһӷסҶ㣬֮ɫ
û£ղűԷˡ
ȻջƣǽҶˣΣҪɱҶ㣬ղȫԽҶɱ֪ΪΣѡߡ
ϰ壬ȥ䣡
ߣʣµͷȻǵˡ
գʹλ͹ٹȥ
ƹŵôӹ̨վսսĴҶǳ¥֮ȥ
ûֿɿ˶ȻζĻص֮УղŷһĻܿ챻ǣҶһѱ˼£ʼ
ɣֻ˲ʩչһҲǾһܵС
䣬ܿ䣬ƽһ䣬ҶӰ·һ䣬ΪղԭӰһֱ֮ɫ
ڲԭʱҶ;һڹؼʱ̣ûиҶվͬһϣҶƾһ֮˺ˣӰû濴Ҷ㡣
Ҷ㡭
Ӱ´˴֣е㲻˼
ǵĹ˼ף˵ˣ
Ҷϥ£ʱûжʥҩֻԼʱĳȥһЩҩһЩõĵҩ
̰ǵûɣһʧܣ˲Ҫ»ǵļˡ
Ӱ´ε
ǲͬҶ㣬ǶмˣΪįűͶƼңҶ㲻ͬҶǹһˣôʲô˼ɡ
Ϣɣ
Ҷ㻹һ䲻ȵӣ˫ۣӰ¡

Ӱ̾Ϣһ˵֮УֻһŴָֻܴ
ɹų֮⣬һ֮УڵӰͻȻͣס˽Ų
磬Ϊɶǲɱǡ

˶ӣɱ֮ء
һ˱ײĺĻص
ߣ֯ʲôʱҹһˣ
һֱû˵ĺ˴ʮŭƺġ
˼ûɱǣܲġ
ֱ۱ǱҶ˵ˣ˾Ȼ֯ˡ
ݣһص֯֯רŸɱˣֻҪǮûɱ˵ˡ
ҶǶС䣬ôע⣬ϣƺܣʵӾͰ˲ϣǰɽ
ΪˣڶξɹųϢʱ䣬֮ڳ
ҶûڶʱλŸлҶ㣬лľ֮Ҷ㣬Ѿں֮֡
һҹĻָҶϵƺõĲˣθҪϢ죬ȫԭ
Ҷ㣬Ҫȥ
ҶҪ뿪ջӰʵ
ҳȥһˣ
ҶûнͣӰ֪ҶﻹЩңҲȥҶ뿪ջ
뿪ջҶֱֶȥܿûȺ֮С
ɹųǲǺܴ󣬵ǾԲСڻǣһ飬ߴʮֱ뺷Ƥ·ͬҶ㡣
һ£ܻҩ
Ҷסһߣʵ
Ҫʲô
ͣסŲʵ
һЩڹһЩҩ
Ҷʵ
ȥ䱦ﲻȡֲϣҲԴ
˳㽫ַ˵һ£漴뿪ˡ
䱦󡣡
Ҷ֣ƺһ㡣
ṩ·ߣҶһʱ䣬ܿ쿴һ޴ĸ¥֣䱦
͸һɰ磬һ¥һ޴ĵ̣ǧҲӵ
䱦ˣ߶ϲﹺһЩӶɼҩڵϲ䱦
ûԥҶֱ䱦ȥҪԼĻҪＸ˺ü
רŸչҲרŸ۵
չֱֺü飬ҩڵ
۵ҲˣֺüλΪ˷߽äĿȥ䱦ɹų߽гˡ
һɨ䱦еط۵ףҶܿ쳯Ƭ
޻ǱڵëƤǱ޵ֹǣҲĺòϡ
λӣҪЩʲô
Ҷ߹չһһʮҵӿһ䡣
Ѷ޵Ķˡ
Ҷó޵Ķǣϣʱ䣬һԻõ龰֣Ҷǰһƻõĳ
صĶ޶ǣɹ츳֪ͨͨһƹ񣡡
չʮϬһ۾ͿصĶޣһ츳ͨ
㣡
Ҷ޶ǣȻ
ӽʱҶעˣһ㽻׶Ҽޣضǳϡ٣Ҷҡڵóض޶ǣһ˲Ŀ⡣
Сӷ˰ɣصĶ޶ҲҪ
ضǣֵǳ֮ߣƱϷҶȻҪ
ͲɣССһأҿһǼģԸϽõԴȻҲһƷ
ΪҶǼģԵﻻԼԴ
뷨Ҳ޿ɺǣޣҲϵؾ֮ܽɱҶ㲻һڣҲţ޶Ҷɱġ
ʵǲ²ҲûȷʵҶɱģҶ㲻ȡ˲ԭǵĳɹ
ʮʱ䣬ղ뿪ȥ󻹸һʮҵߡ
Ҫֶ޵Ķǡ
ָָҶ㣬漴˵


635 ԪԪ
ԼĪһյĹ򣬸ղŽӴҶȥһʮҵǰ
λӣﲻ̸֮أ
ʮֿҶ쵽˶¥ˣʮž
ҲСֻǱ˼ѣҶõһϣ
λӣ˵صĶ޶ǳۣ𣿡
ƺе㲻ţҪȷһ£漴ʵ
û֪ղա
Ҷһӣɳϡ
գȻգ֪ӿɷᶨһ¡
һˣ¶һ˿˿Цݣʮֿ
Ҷ㽫˳һǿϢӶ֮ɢȻдڣڶ֮УֵʱɢµҰϢ
ûȷصĶ޶ǡ
߲ȥ߼ᶨƾƣͶ϶ؼĶǡ
󿪸۰ɣʵĻҾˡ
ðΣղŵģҶ㵱Ȼô׵ȥ۸
ģַʽһԴһڶﻻ֪ѡһ֡
ԴһóܶԴ컯öǣһַöǻȡԵȵĶƵı
Դȡ
ҶԥѡԴȡϲǧ컯ǴǼϵõģ˵ģһҶͻһڣ컯ġ
ãҼһ£
ߺܿ쿪ʼ㣬öǵ١
ӣһҪһ£Ǵȡ컯ԪԪ
ߺˣҶҪһֵҩݣһ㶼ԵҩʯΪңΪƽЩ⣬ܸߴκαϣǷõĶ
ԪԪ
Ҷüͷһ壬һ˵ֵҩ
ǰ˵˵ԪԪʲô
Ҷ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫݣҶ鵤ת컯ֱԪԪҶ㲻ĵط̫ˡ
ģ컯ȻռԵֻµ߷ãһ˴ԪЩ컯޷ϵߣǴԪߣԪԪõĵҩԪԪз򣬻ƣ컯֪߳ٸȼ
⣬ԺҶ֪鵤ֱҩι̫࣬˴Ԫյǿֲ컯ķ޷ǡ
˺ڣҩͨԽԽ٣ЩǿҲֻԹ㣬ԼԼãҪܣа˲ƴԪԪ
ܻԪԪ
ҶԪԪʮָȤⲻ֪߶ҶǸȤݻ˲֪ԪԪĴڣһ࣬ڵҶ㣬һࡣ
ģһöԪԪһ컯Ļһһ٣ض޶ֵӦ컯ңԪԪ൱򡣡
߻ʮĵΪҶܣҲҶֻĳĵӣ겻°ˣҲȥˡ
ܸһȡһڵ컯ԪԪ㿴𣿡
Ҷ㲻ȫȡԪԪʱ֪ԪԪãҶ㻹ǴȻȡһڵ컯á
ԣͬ⽻ףھͿΪ׼Դ
ߵͷʾԣֻҪ˿Ҫ䱦󶼻㡣
лˣ
˫Ǻɹܿ˿ʼΪҶ׼Դ
ǵһյҵʱ䣬һŮ̳Ҷ
ƿ̣ĴڷһžӨ͸ĽָƷָҪҶЩͨĴָ֪öٱƾöָͼֵһǧ컯
ӣ㣡
ָҶ
ʶһɨҶ㷢ڽָһڷһҵ컯һ࣬ڷŶԪԪ
컯ǽɫɢ˿˿󣬶ԪԪͬǳɫʲô
һһöԪԪҶģתԪȣƺ컯
ǲǻƭ㣬ԪԪ໹컯ΪʵҩŪ㡣
һ۾ͿҶ˼Ϊ䱦óҩĳʱҶ㶫ˣҪ˵ĵطûС
Ҷ㲻÷񣬱Ѿˣⵤҩ˭ǵͼҩ컯ȫһΡ
ȥԡ
΢΢һЦҲ⣬ʱƺҲԲûбҶı顣
ҩУڼΪһɹҶ壬漴һɿֲԪҶըиַ֯
ףʲô
Ҷ㷢һ˿ѰĶԪԪϾȻƣֻб̻ƣһöԪԪ
ǲǸоһ
Цеʵ
ûȷԪԪ
ҶֻװͿˣԪԪȻ˿̻ƣҶҪȥúоһԼƳԪԪǾͺˣԲ˷ʱ׬ȡԴ
ȻˣӿԷĵĽǽ˰ɣ
ǻҶϣ䱦ºܴ󷽣ȸڽס
Ƕǣ
Ҷ㽫ǽߣ˫Ľǳɡ
һö䱦ƾ˿䱦κζܾ۵Żݡ
֮ϣһöƬһĶҶ
ҾͶлˣ
ԴҶҪ㹺һЩȥһЩҩ֮衣
һ˾һӣҶ㹻ʥҩ˲ָܻƣҶ㲻ðˡ
ʹӻʲôҪΪ𡣡
߲˵һ䡣
һҪɹһЩͲͷǰˣԼȥѡС
Ҷ㲻˼ͷ˼ңԼȥˡ
Ǻãˡ಻ˡ
˵꣬ܿ뿪Ҷһˣһ¡
ָҶӶ¥һ¥лһ¥ףֻشײڶ¥ҶҪɹһЩһ¥
ҩĹ̨ҶҪһЩʥҩҪɹܶҩſԡ
ǿ쿴Ǹ۶޶ǵСˡ
һ¥һƫƧղҶ۶ǵܶ˶ˣڿҶӶ¥ۡ
䱦һԺղŽӵҶվԭأϵıղŽȻͬʱ˿ʮֵͳ
ˣȥղǸ˵ĵϸҲһ飬κ©ĵط
ߴһ߳ȥʼҶϢȥˡ
Ź̨ڷŵһҩԼıۣҶҲǰľղΪԼ˲ԴڿЩҩҶ㻹ǾԼ
ûа취ʹҶҲҪһʮǧɷݵҩЩҩһ𣬾ͼֵǧ컯
ʮɷֵҩȽϱˣһ򵽺üꡣ
Ѫ٣
ҶͻȻһǳѪ٣ư¶õĲϡ
¶ƷƷҩȥԪƷʣһңܰ۷һسڷãɻͻһڡ
ɻᣬ˵ǷǳߵˣһɣֻҪֻᣬĸԸ


636 Ѫ
Ѫ٣Ҷһʱ뵽ľǰ¶裬ֵҩ̫ϡ٣ҪƳǳףϾһͻƵĻᡣ
ҪѪ١
Ҷһָܶټ۸񣬶Ҫ򵽡
Ӻ۹⣬䱦ʣµһѪ١
վڹ̨һʮҵ꣬䲻Ǻֻܴ侳ңҲǵײĴڡ
ϰ壬ϰ壬ҪһѪ٣졭
Ȼ֮䣬ⴳһˣˣȳһ໹㲻ӣʮּȡ
˼ѪѾˣһ꣡
¶һ֮ɫհѳѪóҶҪס
˭Ҫߡ
ʵ
λӡ
׵һ˵ݣԱһ£һжҶ۵ףͻȻȺݲͣɹųݲһ㡣
λ̨㽫ѪøңҪˡ
һ֮߰ɫϣҶܽѪó
ã
Ҷشĺܸɴ࣬ѪҶдãôܻóȥ
ҶĻشһҲǸղһӡ
ôˣѪûУСŷóѪ٣Სͻ񻯡
ʱһĻм˶˹Щ֮УŮӣʺܼѣɫҰףһ
ûУѪˡ
ղŸҶ˵Ľʱһ˵
ǻʲôٵȥСΣˡ
ղ˵ӳ˵ƺҶ㲻ӦǻֱƵء
ҶһЦѾˣСһˣҪѪ⣬Щһ¶ĵ񣬿Ůӿġ
ϰ壬ҪѪ٣ԽԽá
һ˻δѾˣһ߽ƺһ
׵ӿЦһҲ֪ôˣɹųǼҵĹүˣһǹͬĶҲ̫ˡ
СɫҰ׵ӣֻҪеӵ˶ܲ²Ƕ빺Ѫ٣͸С㣬ϣõСķġ
Ҳ
̨ǰ棬һȺˣƺϤæʵ
｣ˣѪѾˡ
ųŪƺ｣Ǻ֮ܺͣгĸŵЦ
˭ˣϽɹųǻ｣򲻵Ķ
ƺſһЩһɨ󶨸ҶϣΪѪҶ
Сӣ˳Ѫ٣Ͻҳ˫ļǮ򡣡
｣вŰҶ㽻Ը⸶˫ļǮ

֣Щ˴һʼͺúõĸԼ̸ҶҲῼһ£｣ӽһ̣һٻļƣĿһУҶóѪ٣ǳĸҶ㣬㲻ӦҲôӦ
һش｣ðɱС׷һ࣬ĺûñ˵óѣҲҪ򵽳Ѫ٣͸Сһ顣
˰ɣȻԷǻȥɣϢһʱͺˣûд󰭣
С˵֮УƺҲЩȻ˲ӣûʲô󰭣ʱóѪ٣пܻº󼲣Ϊܽ
УѪҪˡ
｣һڷ񶨣ҪҶó
ֳһӱʮѪٱҶߣһˣҪѪ٣Щ˵λͣɹųǶͷˡ
ͻȻ飬˲˵⣬Ҷ㣬¶ζ֮ɫ
СӲ֪ССһѪ٣óˣ｣ⲻѰ·𡣡
ΪҶ㲻ֵһѪٹҲͼ컯Ҷղŷ˶޵Ķǣ㶫͸һ˳ˮ飬ɹųҲˡ
Ҳ֪СţȻҸ｣а壬ҿˡ
ΪҶţ»˲õˣ鲻ˡ
СӣˣĲǡ
｣һ飬ԽԽ䡣

ҶתԴйҩȫװŻ컯һǧ컯Ҷ䱦һۣǧ
һУҶתӣҪ뿪˿ûƹǣˡ
վס
ҶҪߣ｣һơ
λλ䱦ˣǿԳȥ˵һӡ
ܿ죬߳һߣźƵȰοҪȥ˵ﲻ㡣
Ҷ֪ô䱦ûǿӲĺ̨޷㣬｣ò䱦ӣҰ
ãҸ䱦һӣǳȥ˵
｣ջƣĶҶ㣬ƺҶѾһˡ
ûˣ
ҶЦһܿ뿪䱦ڴϣٶͻȻӿ죬һĨ磬ת֮ʧ
ǿ׷Ҫˡ
｣׷˳Ҷʧѭζ׷ȥ
߲ԶǺܿ׷ϡ
һֵ˵˭֪һǣζʮУֻҪŹһΣǧŵҲֵ
ǻʲôǿ׷ȥ
｣Ȳˡ
˶࣬׷ȥ㣬ǼչС㣬Ҹ｣׷ȥ
Ըһ䣬Щȫ׷ȥ϶㣬СжҲ㣬ܵչˡ
²˳٣׷ȥ
｣κγɣҶʧķȥգۣҲʧ
䱦ңӴҶߺС衣
ƹģѾ鵽СӵϢˣŽɹųǣסջʱ򣬸һЩ˷һЩͻһ
ʮҵӣԭʱȥҶϢˣڴˡ
Žһˣ
߷еıӣ¶һɻ֮ɫ
˵ݿɲ鵽ˡ
ʵ
鲻»ǲ鵽һЩ˿
˵
ƺе㲻ˣ˵µˡ
ƺй
Ӳ鵽һЩ
ǲ²⻹ȷ֤ݡ
ʮأ֯˭Ҳ֪ʲôطÿطֻ֣Ҫ㸶Ǯûǲ顣ɱ˾֯ͨһ
ҴǵװԼʹõıϲ²ģһ鵽һЩϢڳ⣬û뿪˰и٣ϧٵʧȥϵҽȥҵʱ򣬷ֻһʬ壬ȥ˻Ǹһ
ʲô
Զƺ˼ʲô

Ӵӻóһײ沼Ѫһֿ棬һƺûд꣬Ѿ
ȷ֯
һˡ
ղ淢֪ˡ
ûм׷ȥղ淢顣


637 ɾ
ղ淢㶼֪ˡ
̸߲֯飬ת˻⣬ݣɵɵɱ֯һ仰
֪ˣСӣΪһѪ٣ѵͲܷ
ȻӲŻãղŵ黹֪ˡ
㰵עСӣͻȻɹųǸûйϵһ֯ˣ϶ưոݡ
߽ŷԸһ䡣
｣ѾȥˣΪСӻ˵ѣ
Ϊ｣Ըһ׷Ҷ㣬϶ưոݣ뵽֡
һ֯ˣΪƾɱ
һֵ߷ʣ˵޻˵
һ硣
ӿ֪｣Ȼ竣ɹųãϾǴӣѾ侳һغڣҶһ磬ˣ̫ˡ
ſϷɣ
ûм˵ȥƺҲԸ̸ȥ
׼ݾߣйע
߰˰֣ȥ
ǣƹģ
Ӻܿȥ
ϣҶ㿪ʼŻٶȣʱ֮ϵˣҶ㲻ܿߡ
Ϣʱ̸ԼҶ¶һ˿аЦ
ȻԼ֪Ҿͳȫǡ
ҶͻȻı·ߣһķȥѾݲ٣ܾûǰˡ
ԾҶʧ뽨档
ҶʧãӰܿ֡
ȥˣҲȥ
ţҶĽ֮У｣һ˽ȥ
ܴСҶѾ뽨վһտԺ֮У˫ֿ󣬾ĵţ·ڵĳˡ

ǽͷ֮ϣӰ｣Ѿˡ
Сӣôˣҿܣ㽻Ѫ٣ҲŹһû뵽㾹Ȼ֪ôǵĻ߳Ѫ٣֮ء
｣һ֮ɫ˵һ٣ΪҶˡ
˵ˣ
Ҷ¶аЦˡ
ˣ㻹ЦҺ㣡
ҶŵЦݿǣ｣Ƿ񣬺޲ھҪȥ˺Ҷ㡣
֪治֪ǳʲôģѵǴ˵е裬ӶǴ㡣
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ֻֿܣһҶ˾磬ڶ־ҶԪѾڱıԵʱܱ׷ϡ
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Ҳһϱʮʹ࣬ϣһ޴ʧ¾ǰȫŻȥĵλҲһǧɡ
СһҪ
¶ɺ֮ɫӶԷ֮п˿񱩣ҰްϢ


640 һغ
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Ҷѽɽ֮УɱԼͲôףҪ˼ǿޣһŭĳ޴п޸
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ղɱüأҶŶԷԪľ׽ɱȫʢ״̬Ҫɱǣܡ
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ԪԪȼհɣ
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֮ĶҶսÿһöҩ涼̻ƣĵҩɫζûκʣؼ
ƻڲϵת֮䣬Ҷľһغ۷壬ӽԲֻһ֮ң
һʱգ۶ҶһԪԪֲҶٴ𾪡
ͻһС磬һöڵһԪԪͻƴ󾳽磬֪ҪԴҶһͷۡ
վŰаŮƯڿУǵǰͷĲӥһ㣬ײһЩطʼȱڣò˶ã˾ƿаŮĻ
аŮ°ɣǽҾˣ
ҶĴͻС磬ҶʵֹʮԪĴȸһͿѾﵽ۷徳
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Ҫɱңǻûʸ񣡡
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ĺôѰֻҪޣκαﶼѰܵţһʱǲˡ
ǴǱߴˣǹȥ
ȻѾˣҲٶԴ˹ȥ


642 ֮ħ
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643 
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ڸ޷ֵһҽУʧأһ䣬ߡ
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ѪҶ϶ˣѪҶһΣҡҡ׹
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Ҷ㻹δʼԼĵˣҶ㶼ݱܿȻˣû


644 
פأҶҡҡλΣʱܵȥǵѪ
ڵӰӳҶ㻺߹졣
ҶѾƣûа취սҪˡ
ңôϻһң
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ôЩ꣬ҶΣûһɽˮĵز
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츧һڴϻԲѵӣһĴȰ֮ɫ


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Сʱ䣬ҶɹͻƵأħҲ˳ı䣬һܣٻаħһҶû뵽ġ
ûͣЪȹس֮Ҷó񵤣׼ͻƵڣСͻƲǺѣҶӺܺ񣬵úܵġ


648 ǧ
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ʱ䲻ˣұҪץʱ䣡
չͼҶ㽫ǰɽĵμ漴쿪ʹ֮ΪһâʧԭأɽٷУһǼǧ׾롣
ɽΧӰϵ룬мϻˣƺµġ
δ磬˵Ҷ㻹׷𣿡
ФȽһʵ
Ҳɣ
βȷֻǵĻشһ䡣
Ҷо֮ʲô⣬ǻھһӵģ
Ӱ´ŰյԼΪûѡҶվһ𣬶Ǹһ뿪
˶ĬǵȻ֪ǵҶȣҶ㣬Ѿں֮ڡ
̫ˣҶ㼪࣬һûµģ
ʱŰο
ٴĬһĬĬĸ·ɽǰ
δ磬˵ɽҪǴȥʲôôӣƫƫѡǼˡ
ФȽ⣬˳Ĭʵڳ⼸ˣֻʲôһΡ
ôֻ࣬ҪȥУĲȥ֪
ΰһҲ֪Ĳ֪ǼٵĲ֪
ٴĬĬĬĸ·ĿĵӦûһ·̡
Сһ㣬޾ûҪǲҪ鷳
ʱ˵һ䣬ôҶСһ㣬һõȻϣʱʲô⡣
˵ôôΪûУ
һֱû˵ͯ¶ף˵
һ侪ˣ˶ͣס˽Ųһͯ
ǶҸ
ͯĲ˼ֻһ˵һ·֮ϣܻгǵܼžĿ£ųѡ
һۣӶԷ濴һ˿裬Ϊ֪ûгζʲôﲻʺϳǿ̾ЩС޸ܲסӴϢԶ˵ء
ʺϳֻһֿܣǾǶһƬⰻȻжжЩֲˡ
ǣ
Ǻ˲ýĵط
óͼѾƫһЩҵͼעƬֹ̤룬ûɣֻעܽ
Ͻˣ
εһͷˣǰͯѣǻڲ롣
𣡡
׼ߵʱһͷӴվ󣬶סǵ·֪ĳ֡
ǧ
ž޴壬˵һȻһͷǧ֮õѹûгЩܵһɶ
أô죬ѵҪ𡣡
ФȽϾŮӣӴ岻ϵĲܵĲµ
ҲҪţЭ϶뿪
ԼսеĽʱ׼֡
ҸǣͷǼ๥ߴ粿λӲƴҵᣬ뿪
οʼͷ˷ֱ𹥻ࡣ
ǧ¶м֮ɫһſ޿ڣͳҧ͵ѹƵ˾Ȼ޷
󣡡
һŭȣһǧȥ


649 ճ
ˮͰϸǧ˹Ũǿգͬǵãһпֱ
׵УһȭǧԴȥ۷Ϣͷųϧ۷һȭԵޱС
˷ֱƵǧϣǣӶȥǸûɱܻ뿪ҡ
䣡
һˮͰֵľϣ޷ܿ͵ľһŤβһɨ˺ݺݵɨ˹ȥ
㣡
۷һɨɫ䣬æʩչԵľѧĳܲ͸磬Ӱµĵɺ⣬ŭն¡
ͯĳһҪסǧ뷨ҲֻͯŻ֣һ䣬ͻȻͯ屻˦˳ȥҲֶ
ͯ
ͬʱͯײײɼʮ֮ԶһڿѪ
ֻһ棬ھˣǵĹ޷˺ǧ
꣡
һ䣬α֮ͯ˹ȥɺɫ˫¶˵ľ⣬޷ϰߡ
ǿȥȻͯҪ֮ڣ
ФȽһͯʱˣֻĿһ㳯ͯ
ûа취ģǸ޷
ӰץԴһ·ͨУҽ˺꣬ʱͯϾҪɥ֮ڣһﶼζʮʹࡣ
ǿߣҪң
ͯ¶һЦݣΡΡվǿסߵľųιͻȻ
ǿ߰ɣڲǾˣ
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ͬ鲻ܡ
Ӱ¼ᶨһ񣬶ҶѾһΣһڷͯ
Ӱ£Ҫʲô
Ӱһȥ󺰵
ФȽСҲסͣӰѰ·ֶĶ֣Լһȥֻܰװ׵
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Ӱ¿ЦһڿջʱӰҶ㣬ʮ뿪ɹųǣҶֿӰһ·֮ϲϵʣһɥʧ֪Żʲô˼һǣһʬ⡣
˳Ĭˣûм֣ФȽǻϣӰ³߹ȥ˸Ϣ֪ʲôܿصϢƺԸͷų
Ӱ³߹ͣ壬С࿴˹ȥ¶һ˿мĿ⣬ǳ
Ǻαأ
ͯҡͷЦһҲαҪԼһ
ЩҪȥȻһﶼᰲȻǲʶãͬ飬Լ͵Ӱ
򵥲ڼ򵥵ɣͬ飬ɱ壬Ӱ´ʱ롣
һ
Ӱ˫յչʾԼǿһУҲѹ׵ľԺǵһ̣Ӱ¶ûʩչ
˿̣
һͷųһ貵ĵһ˲ס˴ҵ˫ۡ
һһɱ֮ںӰһѪȫһ֮УȻ˺һ״̬˾Ӱͻˡ
ǾͻƣǶԵĸѹ˵ֻھһ̣ľ衣
ϧ
˵оΣǧȻСĿսȭͷͻȻˣƺղ׼ӪӰ£ĵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һж֮ϵһˣ˵ı鶼ӿƺ˼ʲô
𣡡
һһȳ֮Ӱȥγɵĵһѿǿĵ⣬ҲҪȥ֧֣Ӱ²سڶѣǿҲսʤ۷ǧ
顭
֮Уһı֮Ӱµĵⱻ飬ײһεǽϡ
ۣ
һɺѪӰµ˲ҰףƯڿУϵ󵹷ɣֱһźһأһоͱܡ
ФȽһΣξȻ޶ԣ·һжûκιϵ
ǿ߰ɣٲ߾ˣ
һ̣һӶȥϽ뿪ᣬ滹кԶһ·ҪߣȻϣôˡ
ФȽҲһһΣ˼ԣٲ߾ˡ
һӰ˹ȥʮ׵ľ룬Ҳһʱ䣬ſɺɫĴڣڵϵӰƺŵʵ
ȳζӰµǰ޿һ£ֻҪҧ£ֻܳΪ͡
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Ӱ±˫۵ʱһֱ֣֮
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ʧ棬漴ĵһϳһڴѪ
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ݣ
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飡
ڲִĵһһ˿ڸСѪ
ʱҲŷӦ֮ϰǣһ𳯿пȥֿվһӣȶ׵ĳгһѾ񹭣ʱ׼
ݣ
ռ˳ȥĿ껹ּֿʣ֪ôܣֻһ취ӳȥ
ǰصķռ޷Ǵʱռжһÿһռ档
վϵޱϲûκα飬Ҳ֪ʲôʱģֿʲô·һжһԡ
飡
ٴһ󶴣ռУѱѪҺȾ죬һŭҪ𣬳ϵ˹ȥ
ϧϵӸᣬĸռֿ֣׼·ʸ޾ֻҪҪ䣬
Ҷ㣬Ȼʱˣ
ФȽһȻ֪֮˭ǸǷֿʮ֮õҶ㣬˿̻Ӱ¸ͯһ
Ӱҡͷ̾Ϣû뵽ǷҶһ飬ѾΣһӰЦˣΪ̹첻Ժ͸Ҷ㡣
ǻŸʲôһֽɱ
ŷ㶵ˣҶһȣʮ䣬һ˿飬ȻղſһҶ֪Щ֪ˣֻҪɣҲӴԺ󣬱˴İˡ
ԣˣһ֣ɱصǱ
ת̬̫ˣҶո˷ܵĺУҲǸղȲҪ뿪ӡ
ֻһһҶֵһ̣ƺһ˿֮ɫܿ콫ȥһصƱ飬֪ڴʲôϢ


650 ɽ
õҶָʾʣ¼˲ԥǧѾҶشϵɢ䵽ңвǡ
ҶЭֻҪҪ˵ʱһռͻ֣ʣµĻҶ㲻ٳ֣Լս
Ҷ㲻ǣҶ㲻뱩©ʵľ磬ȻԼһس۷塣
ղҲỳɣչɢĿֲϢôҶʮĽҶϾȻ
Ǵûκ֮ɫҶǾǣҶĵѾ
ӰóöָƵĵҩ̷ȥ֮ɫÿˣҲս֮Уղһߵʱ˵⾳ʱսʵÿһµ
֮ν˺һؼ뵽֮С
ͯҲһԭѾɣû뵽طӰֵһᣬҶ㵽ŤתǬһΣ
˵ļл֮£ǧ𽥳ʲ֧󣬻ѪβгһѪ⣬۵Ť
䣡
һȭͷһȵƳֱ֣ӱɳȥһʯ֮ϡ
꣡
ķѣѾɥʧսʼɢ޷һ
ݣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ֣ԭأֻ˻ڵԱߵһȻǰһ
ٺ١ɱҪĹӦҶ㣬öڵӦҶУ
¶˼Цݡ
ԭɱ֮һ뽫ڵռݼУڵֵԶ
û뵽죬Ҷռ죬һռס˵ĽŲǲ˼
Ӱ¶ĵһ·֮ϣ̰ޣηηţкôˣȻһȥʮƲ
ûɱҶĹ;ӹΰöڵȻҶã
ФȽҲΣղͬ飬Ӱ¸ͯϺܲڡ
Ҷһɨ󶨸εϣû˵ҲĬˡ
ҶûФȽ۶ûһΣһץڵҶ
ʣµĶһȡ
ҶֻҪڵʲôֹǻ߾Ҷ㶼Ҫǡ
ֹҲǺöƱ߾ҲԺܺãһЩ֮ıͯͷǳҪ߾Լĳ֮С
ۣǴ׵ĺöҷ׷׶ֻ֣ΣԵһ֮⣬Ҳûȡ
һ鼸ʮ֮˲Ϸ֣ʱſʼۼһ
Ӱ¸ͯʲôҲûȡܿ쳯Ҷ߹
ߵҶǰľһ
Ҷ㣬лľ֮ӽ쿪ʼӰµҶʲôʱҪʱߣ
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Ҳһ
ͯѧӰµӣһ˵
ҲҪǵúõĻȥɣ
Ҷڻǣע̫ãԲ̫ĽǣҶǳԣûǻرԼ
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Ӱ´ŹĵҶʧʮ죬ǶΪҶ⡣
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Ҷ㲻˵̫࣬Լ֪ԽԽ١
ŶǾͺã
Ӱ»һֵӣͯҲһı飬˸Ҷ׽ˡ
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ʱ䲻ˣǾ·ɣСִܵĿĵأ
Ҷ˵һ䣬ץʱ񣬻ȥ֮ҶҪ׼ļڱȣȡһ֮μϼĴʸֻӱлңȥμڼҵѡ
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Ӱ¸һ䣬ȻӰ¸ͯѾҶĬΪһĴͷˣȻ߳ǣڹؼʱ̣ǶˣѾӰ¸ͯ
ҵȷĵ·һٴ·ϿȣѾͼϵıʾСʱִܵ
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óͼһ£ĿĵػСʱ·̣һ·֮ϣ̫ļ׼ҪǴʲôȥ
Ϣһ£Ǽ·
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ͻ۷壬Ҷ㼸ûʱȥأԲ˷κλᣬĹԼľ硣
ֻҪʱһ죬ҶͿ̷ת𵤣һͻƵء
Ϣһյ֮䣬Ҽ·ǲȥ
Ҽǵɽɽʮǰһܶ߶ϲϧ󲿷ֶɽĴޣ̤㡣
ӰƺʲôɽȻǴ˵еɽ
һ˵Ҳˣȷɽɽʢһҩ׹׹ưٲκμҽΣܵصˣֻҪ㻹һڣ¾٣ֻҪһö׹ȫָ
ФȽͻȻӰ£ƺҲط
׹Ҳûгˣһֻҥô׵õ׹Žһţÿ겻֪߸УҲͱɹˡ
Ŵ׹ֻǴ˵Ͼ˭Ҳûм
˵ǲǴһ׹ȥ
ͯڹؼʱ̣˵ؼĻô˼
ҲҪ²ˣȵĿĵأǾȻ֪
δǣǼ²ȥ
СʱܿȥѾɽܵǰ׾룬ֻƾͼϵıǣһ̽
ǿǰд
ӰͻȻͣΪǰ棬Եһ
ûȷд򶷵ǹȥ
˼ӿ˽ŲһԴȥû뵽ɽ˴ڣ򶷵Ȼɵģޣ϶޵ĺ
еĶǲ
ǿҪʱ򣬴һ
˭ô֪
һ֣˫ƺסˡ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪΪǾҲ𡣸ǣӦǵ˲ˣ
ղ֣ƺ֪⼸Ϊζ뿪ɽ
˵ʲôô֪˻Ӧǡ
໥һۣӰѾһ죬ôй¶ܡ
ǲҪ֪ôģҸһȫʬ
ɢֲɱҶ˼ڿľ
ôǼˣⲻҪͷļ𣿡
ӰѹƼҷΣ֮ǰ¼񣬸⼸˽ͷˡ


651 Ա
˷׷׶ڰԶȥ˳о
һµӱǣòˣƼҷΣ˫ԭء
ô죬ӦӦϾǼˡ
Ӱ¿һҶ㣬ҪѯҶǿΡ
ڵȵȿ
ʱҶڵȵȣǵȷǽͷļˣ˭ôҲ֪طһһ
֮ѡǣΪݶע⣬û뵽Ѿ֪ǵ١
һ㣬֯ɱ֣ô֪ǵ٣һжڸҶ㣬һʲô˵飬˵ǵһһڱ˼ӡ
õҶĻشӰ²˵ʲôſԭأųС
ѾˣȻǲϽҾɱǣִǵѳ
ðɱȻ侳۷壬ƼҷεļˣسڣС硣
ңһŶϽ뿪ѾȫˣǵѾй¶
м˵һ䣬ҪߣԼ
УҪһߣ֣δزսʤ
˵ΪǻкܴĻᡣ
ǱҪִУ
мӴһκα粵Ļᡣ
һۣ֮Уһ˿֮ɫһа֮ãѽº꣬ڼֵܣǻķֿ϶
˭Ҳ뿪ǶҪ
ץһ̽ͬʱץ˹ȥصϢһɽһݺݵĳѹƹ
ߣ
мӴһ˿ߣԼһȭ˱ȥ
סһҪȫĴȥȻһĿԲЩ࣡
˳ȥٴδһǸϽ뿪ȫ͵
ʣ¶ᶨ񣬲ٳɣԶȥ֮У¶ʹ֮ɫ
һ˭Ҳ뿪
ʣҪߣͻȻһΪϳӰֱˡ
ӼҵӰӼҵˡ
Ƽͬʱһϳ˭ӰӼҵĲ֮أֻӼҵϵӲȻ˴ɱˣ©Լʵݡ
ȻǶϳˣûҾӼҵˣǽ춼Ҫ
˳ԼӼҵˣأӰӵ޼Ӱǿ֮
Ӽô֪ѵй¶ܣ
˶˿⣬ǵֻм֪Ӽô֪
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мͻȻһźͻȻ˹ȥ
Ҫ
мӷɳȥʶ˲ͬھĴ򷨣Լ壬ȥ赲ˣڳߡ

¶һ˿֮ɫһȵƳ֣˾Ȼײһ
䣡
ֱըѡԱķʽֵ˵Ľ
ۣ
ͻȻһѪԱһȻ۷壬ҲˣӰͻȻʧ
ͻȻָƽؿڣһڿѪ֮ϣһ⣬ǸղѡԱµġ
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¶֮ɫȻӣѡԱҲҪ塣
˻ԽԽģ˱ԱٴλУ²ҲҪзϡ
ѾѡԱûлͷ·ҪջԪܣѾ˱׼ΪȥԬ籨
ΪҸһɵҲѡͬھԪѾ񱩣ɣٻ
¶һ˿ЦһԶȥǱɣŲôɵѡһ
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εһͷӳȥ
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óԱһ£ǽͷǰˡ
Ǿͺãʱ䲻ˣǻǸϽߣ뿪ص壬ɡ
ѾͳһƤʱԱǲ뿪϶ᱻನɨУڵľ磬϶ᱻѹ촷ۡ
Ҿˣһᰲȫؼ壡
ζҪ
һۣһһɨ󶨸Ҷϡ
ܣǼص壡
һöӵĺӴһӵг֣ݽҶ
εֻڿУ¶һ˿֮ɫ˾Ȼѡ񽫶Ҷ㱣ܡ
Ҷ㣬Űɣһȫȥġ
Ӱ»ϣҶ㱣ܣӻǹڻһֱζ
ûҶţǴҶģ
ͯӰһ£ΪӦҶ㱣ܡ
ФȽҶû˵˭ܶһֻҪС
Ȼһ㱣ܣŰɣ
ջ֣Ҷ˵
Ҷ㻺ӹӣָ档
ǻȥ֮һҪ߼ӼҰĲһֱҪ̲ƼңӷǼ˲ܻȥˣҲЧڼ
˽ó֮󣬳ٴ˵
İɣһ
ҶޱϲȻ֪˺ܿҪǱһƽӣΪҶеһɷĸоҲᲨԼ
Ǿͺãǿ߰ɣȥ
֪Լ첻ˣҶǸϽ뿪
ԽԽȶʱԱһʹƤͼŤˡ
ûһȥһĿģǴһȥڶѾ֣ѾûıҪȻĿ˼Ҫܲȴ޿κΡ
ϾǲżƼҲãƼҵĹвǺأϱ˴ֲǺϤϵһ겻֪
䣡
뿪ãµԱ֣ĢƣһЩȫը
һͷһۣпϧб̾Ҳͬ顭
û뵽һˣȫû뵽ģһǽͷˣǵٲܣҲȥ·̫ƽ


652 ν
κεĶһ˿ٵĳɽȥֻҪȫĻص壬һεԲɣڽͷ֮ڡ
ը󲻾ãһɫӰӳըȥʱ䣬֮ϣص⣬Լನĵ棬ڲѰʲô
ȥˣȻԱҲѣѵϣ
һ飬ȻʲôҲûУֻб֮аܵļ
ô£ﻹ˵Ϣѵ˽ȵǣԱʱ˶
ʶһɨֿ֮У˵Ϣ˲ޱ䡣
˭˭ҴҵҪĶ
˷ˣһȭڵϣһ޴ӳ֡
ԱŸչȥһյʱ䣬ߺӵһ߲Զ
ʶһɨ˳Ϣ׷ȥ
Ҷ㣬˵װʲôܴ򿪿𣿡
ҶҪװʲô
ǲ׼κ⣬׼֪װʲôѵҪΥ涨
Ҷ˵̰СˣҶ㲢ûкøС
ֻˣҶ˵˭֪˵ǲǣ
ǲģҪһ
͸ҹԶ㣡
ҶڱŭˣһµɱɢԣҶ㲻ֱӽɱˣһ·֮ϣһֻӬһϵظҶ
˰ɣǻץʱ·ص壡
ФȽҪڴˣҶƢʮֹŹ֣һ·֮ϣЦݣҲٸ˵Ӱ¸˵ҶҲֻǷܣһ˵һ䣬˵һ֡
ʲô˲ģ𡣡
ƲƲ죬һĲˣֲҷɵҶչڡ
һʱ䰲ȻĶȹѾ뿪ɽɽΧȥһ·֮ϣûʲôͣЪ˾̷컯
Ȼ֮䣬ҶоһϢƮڲԶڵӰӡ
ԭҪ˭ҲҪ
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ϧĶҶ㣬ҶԪͻأʶޱǿ󣬲ںˣκһҶʶӦȻƾǿԪô׵˵ˡ

һħ֣Ҷ˵֮ţֽ޾ĵ֮ȫעһ֮Уܶʱޱߵħ
ţӵ֮ʼգǿһУҲǿµһʽ
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ź˼ԼҶϱһȵƣ񳱣Ǻˮŭ

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Ҷһ죬һΣڿһԶӼӣһЦеӡ
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Զĺ˾վһԣûгֵ˼һضһس֣ò֣Կ֡


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ظҲղһĿһеӣһ˿ɵ֮ɫҶ㡣


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658 
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ԽԽǿʢҶĳһСڤӡʼһ
˫ۣܵľҶЦһ
⶯δ̫˵ˣһ˾ųȫܽСֱӻ
ŽѾҶҲһȣ͹ڤӡ

Ҷ߹һ磬ЩδĽȫΪҽҶ·Ϊ촷ۣ
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ÿһͻƣҶĻ򣬳ķ
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660 һ
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661 ƾ

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أ·𶼱֣ȫݵһ֮УŵӰӣֱҶŸ򣬼޿ɱܡ

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濪ʼζɱչ¶һ貵ĹߴңԶǿյִ˲ɱֵĸ

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пܣҲôɵģ
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ǰȥ·׷Ҷ̾Ϣһ
ǣɷɶ˻ȥеļƻҪҪףҪһۡ
֯ɱ֣Ҷѡ
ٵһ죬ûʲôҾͽǣҾͲţӼҵƼûκζ
ҶһǱҪǵɽ𺣣ҶҲϧΪ˸ףһжֵˡ
ɽһҹֻ硣
һҹʱ䣬һζջ
ӭųҶװǰ;ΣҶҪȥΪģֻΪס
ߣ
Ҷ㻯Ϊһ⣬ʧԭأֻһʱʱ䣬Ҷٶǰ
ǻɣʲôƽȴƽ
֪ӼƵƵֱ֣סǵڣ׷ʲôˡ
һЩڽͷβĵ˵
ӼȻĺΣûв͸ǽ϶Щ˿
ҷƼҲʼö֣Ҳֱڻǵڴҷʲô飬˵ڵʲôˡ
ƼҵֵҲʼ©ӼʮΣƼ
Ȼ²׷ʲô飬Ǵ֪϶г꼴١
ǽƽԭ֮ϣܶһ޾ƽԭ˽ӳǽϿȥһ
ʱһӰԼٶȳǶſҪӶŽǡ
һӰʼԽԽòҲչ¶
Ȼ֯Ȼʧˣ
ųǼٷеӣǽһ﷢
Σǲɱظ
˵֮󣬳һʵ
ûظǱɱ
ĵĻص˻ǣʱһصƼңӼҵһ


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ʱ䣬ʮȫɢµϢڳʵζ۷壬ؾռһ룬Ķ飬Ӽһľ
ΪɱҶһˣӼҿѪϧһЩһЩ϶ˡ
淢Ѿˣܶ˿ʼۼʲô顣
ʱҲ߰˵Ӱһ֣ȥƼҷΡ
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𣡡
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񣬳
Ҷһ˳žڤӡľӡ֮ìʱѾݲҶ˽һٲ

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ҲһΪһ϶ὫҶ˺飬ȫûлĿܡ
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һѣһ㰵ȥҶ㴦ڹм䣬ǱһЩನУǼѪ
ȵһʧҶǰ˰˵ӰӣһҶ㻹Ϥִóϣ˿ҲУһϴҶ뿪Ƽҵĺˣ˿̻һ·òûиı䡣
ӼҼֱ̫ȻĿŵĽɱƼҵӣֱɶ񡣡
ִóŭȣʮ
Ƽҵĸһǰ񲻶˸ͲһɱҶ㣬ԶȡھȻʧˣƼҵ˸ϵ
Ƽһ˵СɱӼҳϣ˵Ǹòɱ
ȸҶһʵӼ׷ɱҶҲпԭ
˵˵Ҷʱ䶼ڻǣôɱӼ֮ˡ
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룬㲻Ҫ⣬ΪƾһԴǣ֤Ҷɱظ𡣡
ƻһתΪεĻš
ΪǲϾСɱӼҳϣҪ˵
һҧҶɱظʵ׷ҶҲƼҽһ¡
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ΧۺܶˣҪ϶Уظͷʲôǲ˶֪
۷壡
ش
Ҷ۷壬ֻأ˵ҿɱ𣿡
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ûظ۷壬ҶôܻɱֱЦ
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ɱģɱģ
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ұ죬ֻһͽΪ˵Ļŷ𣡡
Ҷһ䣬ŭΣ߾Ȼ˵ͽ˵Ȼʧȥ˹û˵Ļ
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룬㻹лҪ˵۷壬ôܻһصֱ֮
Це˵˵Ϻͷһһ󣬾Ȼ֪λش
Ȼ֪ظҶɱȴҲɣ˵Ҷɱظƫƫͷˡ
ڸ˵˵㲻ף·ƼҵӣΪѵҪ𡣡
һֵƼʡ


672 ͷͽ
ƼҵʣӼƿԣ֪ôش۷屻һɱȷ߼
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￩һ֪ҶĻ
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֪ܲҶĹƣҪӼҵĹϵ䣬ʹﵽĿġ
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ƼҺñɣɱӼҵ˻ϣڵһңҿǲյСˡ
ӼվһӣָƼˣȻ˺ƤԲٿڻǱͬˮ
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ӼʮŭûнɱƼҺݺݵһ飬ظҲ޷׷ˡ
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ʱƼңƶҲȹϵϣ˵Ҷ㰲ȫĻص壬û棬ƶӼǧٱ飬ӦӼңӦϣڵƼҹϷֵӶΪµļ
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Ϊ֯ˣԺ󶼻ᱻ֯ҶﵱȻʹ졣
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ҶƲƲ죬ԼĶҶûȤ֪ûֱ˵
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סˣˣһ㣬ӴԺƼңĵλĵһ
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ǿҶһ·֮ϾȻûжһ£Լ͹Ҷ㣬һɾ壬ӣϳ֮ɫ


674 ǰ
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ǻָƽƽֲƽΪϾһһȵǵϾУһٮٮߴμӣõһĵȻܷԴ
ÿǵԴֲΪõһĽܻûĳԴڶɣɣɡ
⼸һֱڵһƼȥڵģĪһֱ²ÿ궼ĩ·οĲǺء
ⲻһһȵ˭ľΪľıʤһ㹻Լüꡣ
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ֻнڼңܽߵգݵĺĵشлʶ۷壬գһֱ׷Ĳ
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ҲǰСԺӰ˳Ҷ㰲һŶԺϸԺʮС㹻ǰ򳡴СȫҶ㡣
Ҽ廹Ҷ䱸˺ԱѾߣźҶӣˣӦҶʹҪȺĵӵĴҪá
ҼԴҶ㹩ӦЩһʮۺ죬һжǼ˼˭ҲԹԡ
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ǺܿƼҴһϢļǰ֮󣬾Ƽѡٵӣ궼ǰУڱȽ֮󣬲ѡټ
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Ժ֮УʵĿԺ涼䱸ľǳŨʥأ˿Ҷ̫ڿΡ
ҶȻңԸⱩ©̫࣬ǰ֯黹ûнҶҪһЩ
үλϹˡ
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ʵһҶ㲢֪Ҷ֮üΪܣʵǿˣҶǬÿ춼ܲʮԪԪǧܹˡ
ھĲֹ壬Щ壬ԼһЩǱڻǵǰ׷ױ䵱֤ˡ
Ҳһʱ䣬ͱĴֻ֮϶ͣӰӰܶ
ĵƹ⽫ʱĸյ磬֮ϵӰһ
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˷׷񣬶ԴүӲð
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ȻˣǿԱˣ
Ͳˣ˫黭ΪӮһ֣һҪһǧԪԪΪۡ

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684 ȡʤ
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Ƽֻм¶Ц󲿷ֶǰż˫Ѿˣ㲻ΣдһװܱȲдǿ
յĩҵ̴㣬˵ĶΪʱҶͻȻʣպīˮԼٶȣɷ裬½ʫ
գۼĹʫγɣ̴Ҳյĩβһҵ£ҶҲкıʣͷϾȻһЩ亹
˶վӣһӵǹүӣʫϸͣʱ䣬󶨸Ҷʫϡ
̫ˣӦʱӦӦɫ
˵Ĳǹүӣһ̻ҲһˣͨһЩ֪۵˭ʫ
ĶһЩЩӣֻվԶдʲô
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ܴʫӦʱӦӦɫ
ڳ˶ֻ֮̾ҶһͷߣȻ˳ȥֱ˵档
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˹үӵһӼˣ¶׹⡣
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ۣܵү˽
ƼҵĻӼȫ֮ɫɱ˵Ҷ㡣
ǿ¶һ˿Ƿ֮ɫǿʤҲ֡
ԹѾ⣬ؼһ֣ܲܰһ䣬֣Ӽҵĵ̣˽ǡ
Ϣһ£е֣
Ѿӽҹ紵˿ҵ飬ʱ¸ߣΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ǼΪճˣȫۼߡ
ܼеĿ⣬ҶȻʮȻߵӰ»̸ͯЦЩƼҵӴʱ׷ǰʾá
ֻʮվڽɫ䣬׼ˣҶʤסˣ޲ȥɱҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬һؾܷɣҪκѹ
Ȼ˹ʱ洺磬һЦ⡣
һֱãʱҲı飬ʱÿǶҶе⣬ڿʼıԼ̬ȡ
ǴЦе񣬳Ҷͷʾ⣬Ҫк֮ǣȥ
ףһṼ壡
ô˵ϾûһҶ㻹Щж
ڿʼ
Ϣһյʱ䣬ֿʼˣ黭һӦÿǻ
ҶվмȥѾ˲úӣڷŸϣ׼õһ׳ֽ
ޣȥ
ʱ˵ˣӼҵ֮УվһŮӣȥ
ӼɳһŮӣһ㣬ʮ欣ɢŨҵ֬


686 Ҷ
ľְӼ±ϣһ䣬Ӽ·ǧԪԪӼҪҹܻϡ
ľǾΪϸڻҪԼȥƿأ
үӳĿȻҹܵƻͨ죬һɡ
˸˰ǰ棬ʶ̽ȥӵľ۵ףһ±ʵޡ
ֻƫ棬һֽ֮ϣζһĸӵĳγˡ
޵ĻȻ˳ɫһؿҲǱƸ۵Ĵ㣬Ӽ䲻ˡ
ҶһıʣһҶһɨ裬һӳˡ
ʲô
˱ҶĻڻҶĳֽ뵽֮С
˭Ҳ֪Ҷⲻڻڿ̻ش̻֮С
弱ߣʷɢƣҶʩչƮϰ˷ֽ⣬ǱԨĸо
ʱ仹һ㣬˲κͣ٣ǻһҲá
ʮʱȥˣӵӰӳ֣ǵ׺˭ܸʵʣиӵӰӣȻʤߡ
ʴ˫Ҷ裬ȼڿн֯ĲʴɷǺÿ
úúã
һԵӰ¸ͯ˲ϵƣҶ㻭ĺòãϵļͣǵЩһۡ
ʱֻˣһֲӮƼҶѾ׬ˡ
ӼһɫҰףһӮˣӼҿ϶ҲѪڿ壬Ȼ⼸ڵòԴ֮ԪԪǸò
˵ע֮£һʱգ۶˵Ļӽβʼβ
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Цһܿ˼뿪ҪȡӼһԪԪܡ
ҲԣӼ˵ǧԪԪȷܶ࣬ڶ֣
Ӽһ£ֳ֡
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˵ǧԪԪҪѪ
үҲڣڣ㲻Ҫ˰ɣǿЭ֣㲻óֻȥӼڼȥȡˡ
ҲƤʵڲУȥӼڼȡ
ߣ죬⣬ǧԪԪһʱòҪһȥﱸһ
ô˵֪һͱڼңǻǷ֧ôˣԺӼҲõڼ֧֣ʧȥڼҵʸ˶ᱻ乬Ĳ
ܺãҶģǵиޣ֮ǻȡóݹƼ飡
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ʱ޲ܰҶȥСӣӼôǷƼǧԪԪܷ춪˵Ƽҡ
ʱǿǶܵĹһǷ֮ɫе鶼ǿʤҲڵĽ֡
ںѾãΨһİ취ɱҶ㣬йߡ
壬ڵͷ˼췢һѣʼƼңرҶ㣬ΪǰûκϢ·һҹ֮ð
ԶɽһЦǿվ϶ҲվҶ㣬ھ¥飬ɽĴԹޡ
Ļ᲻ңǧԪԪɽһս
ôˣ
Ӧɽı仯ʵ
ûô
ɽϽȥⱻʲô
Ҷ̫죬ʱ壬һʱ䲻Ҫȥ
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ǣʦ֣
ĻȨܴڼλǳ֮ߣЩӲΥ
ɼǱҲһۣʼҶƺҶҲ£ô֮졣
˵ĵȻƼˣߵĵӿʼһӷ̴ʱ϶ЦݣҶ˻Ҳ
Ҷ㣬һҹڼҶע㣬Ͼô飬϶ᴫڼҵĶ
ѡʼʱҶ㣬û뵽̶̰ҹʱ䣬Ҷﵽһ۷壬ǣ˲֪
ʦܻҪлʦָ֮ʦ㣬ʦҲȡÿź죡
ҶЦһܴڼҸãҶҲ῿ԼŬ취ڼҡ
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֮ܵһ̶ȥӼҵӣ׼뿪ص塣
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С㻹ʲô顣
ŭһҶ㣬ӼôôԪԪ
Ҷһ˿ɱųƺԼΪСѾҶۡ
Э涨һҪؿͷҪǻȥﱸɣڿԶˡ
Ҷһٴһ񳱣Ҷ㾹ȻҪӼ˸¹ֱ̫ˡ


687 һ
Ҷһһ׵ȼӼҵŭ棬һָҶ㣬޲ҪҶ˺ѡ
Ƽ赲ҶѾ̻
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ӼһĿ֮ɫ¶ɺ
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һңǻʮңҽϣӼƵңֻû뵽͵ʴף裬һжԼӦԼе
Ҷһһ˵Ϊ˵ûӼҾֱӽ˻ɱҶ㡣
ҪǧԪԪѾӼ棬ʹ뿪ӼһӣˣҲ˵ʲô
л˵£ⲻǶô򵥣裬ӼҶ޷ڻ̧ͷҶ˵ĲǻӼңܻΪݵЦһڼңӼҹƲڴˡ
Ҳһ㶣Ȼ֪Эһû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼĵ˵
û˾Ҫ¹򣡡
Ӱ¸ŸͣʱҲǻȥˣҹעƽ
һԵͯźٺɵЦӼһ˵һŭɫ˿Ϊ⡣
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𣡡
Ӽҵӵ鱻ȼˣҹˣһֱƼ裬սҲԸȥ
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ԭǸӣû뵽չֵزҲκ飬ǽԤһΡ
ү˵ʵЩԤκ飬쿴Щŭ⡣
ү˵˵ʲôǶġ
ϻָƽ͵ı飬ղһҲˣ׼ӭս
нĻԻͣĲĳһ˵ǴҵĹףѵԸҪѪȾǣ˭ҪûǻһҪһأ
үӺĹ磬ҲأȻϣٲ֮ء
κүӿԲʣҲȥܣǣǽˣүӲò˵
һ巢֮ڣ϶޾ɱò׷Ļǣ϶ᱻһ
үӽѵǣ
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үӣĻǵȻƼͱˣղŵҲˣӼ˹£κˣҲ޷ֹӼҵľġ
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үӾȻҪлҶ㣬һƴĻЩͨˣж˻ʧҵϾܶ档
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ˣ鵽˽Զȥɣø͸
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ɣҹûжĹϵԹۣӼҵ۸ˡĶԣδ֮С
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ʮֻٱ֮
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˵֮ʼοҡ
ǧԪԪ
һʱ˵ǧԪԪ⼸Ҫ͸Ӽмҵס
õģЩӼҷչĲǧԪԪ޷ӼҳױڷһЩҵ˽ǣҷİɣ
ΪʱңȻͿ˼壬ҲҪ˸ܵûܶĲһǲġ
ĻشЩϺÿˣĵľǼӴԺһ겻
˵Ĳһ¾ӣֻҪӼȡúóɼЩԴһ׬
һ˵Ϊһʺܴ룬ֻҪһЩӴĶԹһЩ弴ɡ
ǿͻȻһǵ֪ҶҲμӡ


688 ݱ©
˶˾ӼһĻᣬֻҪúóɼȻܵõǸԴ䡣
пܳԽڣ˵ǧԪԪڶһҲ׬ǰҪȡõΡ
ڼҲҪģ⸶ƼҵԴɼеԴ岻˿һ֣ҪľǺú
ٸҴ
ģֻҪҶҾԶ
ǿָţһҶܴҺûüһ겻ֻҪڻɱҶ㣬ҲΪһڶ
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ûֹ˼ԣκ˶ҪɱҶ㣬Ϊһ֮ܵƣ׳֣ƽ⡣
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ʱҲǵƻͨҶִÿһ䣬ʱû˵ƫģһƬ̡
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ļƻ޷죬Ҷݽ壬һ㣬ðҶҵֶӣֻм֪ҶұʱֳʵѾ֣ҶΪҶ㣬ʧȥһȣô˵𡣡
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㲻óϣʵʱҾ֪ݣҳٳٲϲ㣬ֱ˵ΪҴϿ˲һĶѪԵʱ򣬷Ϲ⣬ע㲻ƽ
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ƼҵϹʱڣƾһһᴳģƼңһֱ񣬵˭֪Ƽ֮ӣ溬ѪʱѾ侳۷壬ʮʱѾء
컺˵Ҷǰ࣬ʮأԭԼһʮ꺢ͯ
ҲþȣϹʱڣԴḻԪŨڵʮȻ°빦ƼӵѪ绢
Ҷӣ͵
Ƽҵӣʱ涼ϡѪ֮ΪѪԽԽãܾѵѪԽԽ٣ƼҵѪʼϡҲƼįһԭ򡣡
˵ƼЩ겻įҲһʹ֮ɫ
Ҷ˵ͷһѪУʱԽԽãѪĴȿ϶ϡһʧ
Եĳ˵侳ʱ򣬾ͷϹ⣬ʱҾԼ㣬ǵ֪֮һҪҿؾأһЩԽΪҾͰǰɽ㶼֪ˡ
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˵ô࣬ѵѪ
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ˣֻǽҶѡ
Ҷæǫ˵
˵ˣʼڼⲻֻҪϰ飬˵ݣʲôҶԸ⡣
¶һ˿֮ɫҶ㲻ӦɱҶ㣬˵ֻҪ˵ҶԣƼҾͲҶ㣬ʱӼҾɱҶ㣬ҪƼҶ֡
һѡ𡣡
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㲻ҪֲȥûԱʱ򣬲Ҫ
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Ӧ˹үӹȥŰݷãǶŵԵʱˡ
Ҷ׼ȥүȥһˣڻʱ򣬹үӺȻƫ̻ҶһȻ֪ΪʲôȻԷ룬Ҷ㵱ȻܾڻǣһǿߣԼֻкôûл
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⼸С۵ƻ飬رҶ黭ӮӼľ֣Ҷ㼸
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壬ػ޷Ҷвһ岻ǰɱ¾֮ðµɱ¾֮

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ɱ֮Ҷ㲻ٶ廯Ϊһ̣ʧԭأȻƼˡ
Ҷ㣡
ƴһҶ㾹Ȼ뿪кܴΣա
ϷģԼע壬Щ˾ͽˡ
ҶƵĶ𣬾Ҷ뿪ʱ䣬ʮƼҵӵķγ֣߷ٸͷҲǼϡ

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ÿıȽϿҶ㲻ϣ˸һҲǹүӵ˼ֻҶû˵ѡ
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үӵĸۡڳǶһĴԺǳ֮аɴСôסֻסŹүһˣΪá
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ŴµСͯʮ꣬ǰֹͣ˵
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һ߹һСͯʵ
ҽҶ㣬ǰݼүӣλСֵܸͨһ
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ӡĲӴҲǾ¥̨һƬֲҩֻһСĲݣڴԺм䣬ֲܶҩ
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Ҷãű鲼ҩׯ԰һЩʵȥһɽׯ԰ɽʮֳԣһƬء
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үϵĻҳԺ֮Уһż׵ӣ̴ľɣɢ㣬滹зŲòõ衣
үӳ׵磬õӺգڽʱ򣬵ȷ뷨
ҶʱȷʵԹүڵݵλ϶˱أӱ鲼ϧһȫ߸Ҷ
ˣҳף㻹ûľңΪʲô
үӸҶһ裬Ҷʵ


693 
үӵһҶ˼ˣȻҲԼȥĶѵľΪѰ۷壬û
ûˣǿԾĽҲþͰҵһƽ໥νΪʦû֣֮ȻҾ㣬ʣò˶ãͻ׷ҵĲ
үӿҶЩ˵Ĳ˵ϴŴ֮ɫ
޶ۣѵ˻ŲΪѰ۷壬Ѱһ˿Ӷлλ档
ҶһֱôģҲһֱĶ

үһ˵֣ųɾŵ˶ô⣬ҶҲ⡣
Ҷһͷˮѵ˻ŲΪ
ǰʾ
Ҷ֣֮ɫүӻ˼ǧ꣬ĶҪҶö࣬ʶȻҲһҶǱѧϰ̬ģܵõصǰָ㣬Ҷ㽫ǳ
˻ҪģһʧȥģȻҲһ壬޼ֵģĶ޲ôʶ۷壬˵Ѱһ˿
үӵһҶéٿȻʵĸоץסָоһš
ΪģȻһ˵꣬ıʣĸԴһжģıˣֻǰˣųɾŵ˻ŶһǣûʶĸԴǵĲƽ
Ҷ˺ܶ࣬ʵٿأһ˵ΣȡģĵȻгĳ񶾣Ȼа
Ҷ˵ͷүӵһȷʵҶջķᡣ
ղ˵Ҳûţߵľ磬ֻһܶ˶Ϊǿʳ棬ʵҲǴģÿǿ߶ǲʬɽѪģĲɱٶˣٶԴҲ޷Ϊǿߡ
үΪҶ˵ҲԣҲԣҪҶûʶ̵ĵطĶһзǳĶ
ܽˣ
ҶվʩһҺڲδƫһֱģ£ΥģĸҶμס
ܴǿֻһ˵о裬ʵѵãҼرţǰ;ָ㣬Ҳĳһ죬һܵõָ㣬ǸʹȻƹ
үӾȻ˵ĻҶĳɾҲܳԽ
ǰɷˣܴﵽǰָ߶ȣͷǳˡ
Ҷ˵ȻЩΥģڱϾֻؾأкԶһ·Ҫߡ
㲻ҪԷƱһǧ꣬˿Ҫǿ׼ǰ׻ˡ
үҶ£ôЩľҶ㽫Ȼܴ䣬ʣΪǳһȡ
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˺ܿ쿪ʼ̸ĶҶ㲻ϵķʣҶ㿨ؾںܶණҶ㲢ûָ㣬һǰڴˣҶܷŹѵĻᡣ
ùүҲ䷳һһΪҶ͡
СԪԪǷڻ׶ΣҪͻƣǸȥ򣬶ӴһЩ飬Ҳĳͻᴥľ磬˳ͻơ
үӿǧ꣬ǴԪԪתҲһƬģСԪԪתǷǳ
Ҷ㲻ϵĵͷһ麣һϵ֪ʶоԼһַḻܶ಻ĵطûȻʡ
㿴ҵƣ
үҶ㿴ƣͻȻүӵðһŻ档
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޶ۣѵⲻǻ棬Ǽ󡣡
Ҷջƣɻ֮ɫ˵

滹Ż棬ûκεı仯ҶֻȥͻȻջ֣о֮ϳһ˿սĺۼҺҶ㷴Ӧʱû˺
㻹ΪǼ𣿡
Ҷãˣȫ㲻үӵôġ
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ϣ˵ĵطһָܻ
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Ҷ㼢ʵı飬үҲӡ
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үܽҲôˣٶҶҲˣһжҪԵҲҪԼָ㣬ָֻܸ·ʣ·ҪԼȥߡ
лǰָ㣬м
Ҷм֮ɫջ̫ˣƾһ⣬»ҲûһҶִ
ô˵ǻԵǻԵƹҽôʵҲΪԺĵ·Ҳĳһ죬һ㣬޳˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ
үӿ̫Ķ̫Ķرѭڤڤ֮УγһֹɣֹɻᰴһĹ켣ȥУҲĳĳ¾ͻص
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һĵҩ
ôĿ֪һöٵֵ٣ŵϣ˵϶޼֮˶Ϊ֮񡣡
үȫ벻Ҷ㾹Ȼһô
үἸ꣬Ȼ˱飬Ϊ֪ʣ޼Լöٵ˼


694 ָ㽣
ҶҲû뵽һöٵȻùүӱôı仯ҶĿУүӦõ¸أһöٵùүᡣ
Ҷ㣬ȷöҩ͸ң
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ҶһͷߣٵȻֻҪвϣҶ㵹ҲƳţҩ̫ϡ٣ֻٵֻܷһΣã𲻵κЧ
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үû磬һչر˵ʮ꣬ʮ궼ܣʮ꣬үӼչأԼһչأΪأӴ˻Ϊһѿݹǡ
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үӳҶһô飬ϣΪҶЩʲô
ҪлǰôǰΪʲôܸǰһѾĪİ
Ҷʵʵ˵ղһҶǳҲиļ⣬ò˶ãͻڡ
úúãϷˣյʱ㣬ҿʦҩ鲼ҪʲôܲɼҲҪ
Ҷһǫӣûκı飬үٴθ߿һۡ
ҶҪЩʲôүȻܾ϶Ҷ㡣
͹ˣ
űҩҶۺˣݲǺ㣬ĲǧҩϾүǲŰ꣬ܶҩǿģһЩڻֲ
ӴҲ㹻ҶһЩҩԸԼ
Խ̸Խ޻˵ĵزүҲģҶָ㣬似ָһ
Ҷ㣬𽣷ЩӡһûֲǼƻ裬Ӻݱġ
үʮֺ棬˼ǧ꣬ʱ򣬵Ǽļ𽣷Ҷʩչ
ǰָ㣬ԼԴʽ
Ҷ㲻ܵõָ㣬ǳ
ɾɾᾹȻ似ԴʽУԭӦýм򣬸ļ𽣷
үӽ˵˳
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ү˵꣬гһڿտʩչ
㿴ˣǽԼУҪǿƶ֣ܸһ
үһʩչҶ㽲⣬Ҷվһ࣬ϸϸǰָ㣬ĻҲһΡ
һУҲǼ𣬲ռǰΪһ壬˻һУ
үӳһһɿֲϢ֣ȻѹأҶܿ壬ǿ񱩵ƹ쫷磬Ҷһվȣ峯ȥ
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һʩչҶоǰɬĵطȻͨϾԼĽкܶ©Щ©ȫ޸Ҫԭļ𽣷Ҫǿ
д˻ᣬдһ
Ҷô򽣷裬үҲһ㶣Ҷ̫ǿ
һһپȻԺ໥ԹǹүιУҶ㹥ϵҶļ𽣷
ʱ֮Ҷ۵Ĵܣ𽣷ڳƣһࡣ
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үţҶ츳ֻʱ⡣
ǰ˵Цˣ
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Ҷ㣬ҺܸˣΪڵһ𣿡
үϷź⣬ˣҲû˿ĹүӲ֪Ц˶ٴΣСͯҲ֪ƿŶٴΣһһ໥̸ģƺ⼸үҲûЦôΡ
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ڻʱҶӦүӣĿҲ
ղŲǹ似үӲߴͽ̣Ҷǳ˵̸һӣǵһҹҶҲܾ
һѹ٣ٰɣ
үóһ٣淺ŹϵϢ·֮ãһɲɣ֮
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Ҷ㲻٣Ǽ٣Ƿ̾һԶϢ
ҴһԶŻõģһֱû֪֪
үӵõѾܶˣһֱû֪ΪҶ˳
׳ˣ
˺٣ҶҲ̲סҪߵһٷ·йħҶ鲻ԽҪࡣ
룡
үһ֣֮ɫϵЦ⣬һԡ
ȻˣΪǰһЦ
ҶǰַЦĴͻȻһɺ֣㵯Ц
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δ죬үѾЦĸ˭Цм
𣬿ʼʱתƳʮд͸ٷ·Լܴڿռ䣬Ȼ޷ס
ﴫݳȥԶԶǻǣǻ֮⣬׷䣬Ҫ֪Ӻζ
߿Ĳ𣬹үٴᣬǵľҪ¹ȴԼѾˣһȻľ֣үӷ·صʱ̣һϳ֣ȻС
߿ʼ߻ۣǱ׷ڹүӸ⣬ҽ룬
һӣҶ㵯˴ʱʱҶҲ׳У
ԴԶ޾ɣ·Խ꣬ü򣬰˶ˣ޷԰Ρ
˫ۣүһ˿⡣


695 
ӽڸЩˣһδԸ⾳֮˳
øߵգҶ㣬Ҽʲô٣ʲôһӣҴصżò˶ãҾܴǧ˵ôлء
үǿҶԽԽϲƼҵӣүҶ¡
үⷬԷθղһӣȻùүӴľѰһ˿
͹ϲǰˣ
Ҷĸ٣Ȼֵ֣٣ԼľҲкܴİľȻҲɶ٣˶ؾĸ
ղŵʱ򣬷·ħħܴľ仯ʱ䵯٣ԾĪİ
ɳǧ֪꣬ˣپ͸ɣҲҶĴл
ܵҶԴٰ֣үҲʹȻЩ᲻ãһöٵԼղɶľ磬һپԵ΢
лǰ
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ûǾͲҪˣһҾͷǳˡ
Ӱ˵ʵҶ㣬ƼҾһͨĵӣϵ⵽ϵѹ·ϣôݡ


696 һ
֪˺ܿһɽ˺ˣУ֮
öˣҪȥҪѲԴˡ
˶ˣҪһҪ˭ԴˣϾһޣ˶ܽȥ
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ֿˣڼ嶼װǱĵӣȡڻȡúóɼƾõİ
Щܲ뾺߿ʼ˽ۡ
޿ɺǣϾҪ嶼î˾ҪúΣȵҪ㹻ǿڻܸ֮õ
ûɼҵӼҵǿĪҵĪҵԼƼҵҶףľӢЩƿ¶Ϊ׼ġ
̾ϢһĵȻˣһٮٮߡ
ΪƼûг֣ѵ빺𣿡
˷ɻ֮Ѿ¶ҰģƼҳٳٰǺ«ʲôҩ
һȺ˶໥²⣬󵽵ܻ˭ҡ
һһʮɼ̺ܶ࣬ȱԪԪ򻹲ٴμӼۡ
žĪңңӼңϵļӼۣܿ˶ء
컹ûг֣ĿĴ໥
Ҷ㣬˵Ϊβ룬ʽһƼҶȡóɼÿ԰򾳽磬Ҳʮһ硣
ЩˣЩ嶼ھƣҪǿĵӷãȡڻõ
㲻иҪҪ
ҶһֱŵЦ⣬ֻҶ죬Ŀꡣ
ԭأΪƴˣ侳磬õķ̻ᣬһɹͻƣлصڼҡ
ЩҶûǽֻͣװصӣҲü
򣡡
һƽ֣һһ
Ҷ㣬ȻҶӼˣ
ģ²ˣҶһμһ򣬽Ĵı۶ȥ
һƬžұ˴˶ͨͨ
ŻƵĺҲû뵽ղһҵľҶһֹˣʱ͵
һʮ򣡡
Ĭʱ䣬𣬲ңҲĪҸɼңӼҡ
ʮ򣡡
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻҪ̧ܣҶ㲻Ϸˣһ
ӼҿҪɲҪҪ˸̧ܣҲҪˣɱʯͷԼĽš
Ҷ¶ЦݣܿҪģҶ㣬̧ۡ


700 ʯǼ
Ҷ㻰лټ٣ڳ˭Ҳ͸
Ҷ˵ģҪɲҪΪˣʮѾǼޣıﻹδ֣ôԪԪȷʵֵ
ҶôסˣҲȥֳξء
ҶҲżϹŵЦݣȻҶʮҪûƣװνӣⱻ
ʮһΣ
ûһ˱ۣʮȷʵﵽ˻Ƶļޣھȥʧ塣
Ӽѵ㲻ھ𣡡
ҶƵӼۡ
Ҷ㲻˵գ˵϶ӼۣҶἰԥˣҶǲǲҪˣ
ãӼһдӼȻУҲỨ˶ԴȥֵȵĶ
ǸԼ̨ףԴҪͷҶݺϼӼۣڿһΡ
ڳ˶ɵӣ벻Ҷ㾹ȻϷŪûа취
ҾͶлӼˣ
Ҷ㲻Ÿм
Ҷʮơ
Ӽ˸ˣһǧҲϧ㲻ϼӼۣǿϧˣ
Ҷſϧ
ۣ
ֳһƬֱ˳ȥǺȵľƻǲ裬׷۳ȥ
Ҷ˲Ѫ˼˰ɣ
˴ֻı飬ҶϷˣɹˡ
һڿӣԼҶҪƣֱһ̼ҼӼۡ
Ҷ㻹ǵ󣬿Ӽǲˣ
Ҷ㣬ҲҶ㵣ǣ˴̼Ǻ£һ˺Ƥ˼үӣҶΣˡ
ҹү˵ĺףڻ˸ҶҶ㲻Ƕǲһ
ҶˣүҲΪҶȥʲôһ
ǿδأ˺ƤҶôֻһӣʱӼŴΰɱҶ㣬˶ԣοˣһδα˰ɱץᣬ϶Ź֡
ҲΪҶûг𲻱ǾӣҶ㲻⵽ӼҰɱģǷѡ
ű򿪣ǮˮĻ˽
Ҷֱ֣ʣ
ǮˮЦݰ̫ĶƽҶ
ƣԼʮԪԪһ£
ӹƣԪԪûãʣĶʮˡ
ǶٰʮԪԪ͸Ǯˣ
ҾͲˣףҶ˳
ǮˮûжӹԪԪ뿪˰䡣
ڼƽˣûԽ棬ֻԽԽ󣬵ҲųһЩͼ۵Ķա
ƷǼʹõϡ٣ȴͣﵽƷԪ۷壬пܳΪƷԪ
гһޡ
ޣҲ֮ûùԪԪ
ǺܹҪΪʹó޵˺٣񳤽϶ֹλ
ñӣ
ͨĳޣͯ죬ʹóޣⳤ޼ֱΪ졣
ǲĶˣ
ͯıѾˣҶʵ
ٺ٣ĶûôԪԪܿˣ
ͯͷЦ׼۾ͯ
㻹еֵֻ֪֮ģͱַǷ֮ˡ
Ӱվһԣһ
Ϊʹõ٣ֳ۵ֻȼˣʹó޵ˡ
ҳʮ򣡡
ڸղǵʱ˱ʮ
ǹ˵ıҲǳޣޡ
Ҷ㲻ϤӰǷǳϤһŵӵǹıҲǳޣͯһ
ʮ򣡡
žûԸӼˣϾȥҲһ裬ʱҶˣ
ҶҪʲôôʲôҪʹó޸
˲⣬޲ʺҶ㣬ΪҲҪһš
ʮ򣡡
ǹʾҲֱӼ
ʮ򣡡
ҶʮҶ
ڶ¥ǹ֮ɫ⵽ֵķ⾹ȻҪˣôܲŭ
ᣬ۸ߵãǹҪޣҪԪԪ
ʮһΣ
ʮڶΣ
ʮΣ
ޱҶõǹһƨϡ
Ҷ˷ͷʢӮӼǧԪԪϿ϶ȱԴòҪʱ
Ҷİ䣬߼ϵ˵
ʦ֣ǶԷȻ֪ҿޣҪ֣Բҷ
ɽʱɿϣ֣һҶ㣬ҲֹҶԽԽʢ
ɽ˼ףڵƻʱھ¥һҶ޻˵Ҫҵְ㱨˵ûɡ
͵һӵƻ֮Ҷ£һȻҲ֪¥һУֻûἰѡ
˵˼ɽϱԳ˱仯
ֻǿѣô֣֮ֵӡ
ɽתƻ⣬Ŀ⡣
ϣ˵ģ
ûмȥϾͬӣɽȷʵԿˡ
Ҳһ·̫̫࣬Ӽһֱǿƣڶ̶£𣬲֣ԴҲһжΪһˣ˾Ҷ㣬ʱҪ񣡡
Ƚ͸һµһֵ飬·鶼ҶӰӡ
ƼڶӼ⶷ҶӰӲУһҪã
һŮ
λҶӣ
ŮЦݣ¶ǳǳľѣ֮ɨһۣʵ
Ҿǣ
ʮԪԪҶ׼ˡ
ޣҶúã
ŮӹԪԪ޽Ҷ޹ǵСֻһҶ㣬ȻС䵽˵С
ߵʱ򣬻Ҷһۣ¶֮ɫΪŮḡ
ҶҲ⣬΢΢һЦ޶ͯ
ԣϲ֣
Ҷͯԡ
ž
һշһը죬󲨶
ñޣùעԪܷ
ͯ˷ܵĸޣе㰮֡
Ǿ͸ˣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬վǰ׼עһƷ
硭
ͯԴǣȻˣһᡣ
ҲмĻҪңͺúõȡܽڼң
ڻǣҶѣдʱ䣬Ҳһֱ¼ҹһȻʱô󣬵ǲԺûôڼ壬ܶҶ㲻ΪǶ˾Լˡ
Ӱ´ĽöޣͯսҪһࡣ
վһԣƺǰˣһˣ˭һƷԪ˵˾ˣǼֵʮԪԪһСĿ
ûм֮ɫֻĽܽҶѣǺˡ
ˣƷһϣʯǼףشҶȵòͷ˰ɣ
곤֮󣬺ϽóһƷ


701 ֮
ʯǼ֣Ҷ˸⣬СʯǼף˫۲Ϸ⡣
ڵȵˣ
ʯǼײҶҪĶֻܽɱƳɼƷԪ
ȽһʯǼ׵ãض֪ҪƼƷԪʯǼǱرĲϣûʯǼ׵Ӳȣ޷Ԫͣ
ϼԵĽһʯǼ׵ã֪ҪƼƷԪʯǼ׾ǱرĲϡ
ܷƷԪƷԪȣȻֻһȴ֮ƷֻԪ˼Ʒпܴĥɰ
δʼҶѾŵһ̵ζʯǼ׵ľֹԼһˡ
ΣʯǼҶڱصãΣѶԴҶҲҪ򵽡
˵Ҷ㣬ǼҲܵղ·һ꼴١
۶ʮÿμӼ۲õ򣡡
һɨѾҪˣѾ˴
ʮ򣡡
¥һǵϴγֹһΣҲûг֡
ʮ򣡡
ˣһγ֣ҲҪƳһԼļƷԪ
ʮ򣡡
ɼҲȱԴΪɼǿĵ֮һȻȻ
һ򣡡
һʮİˣҲǴӶ¥
ĪĪˣû뵽һֱչصĪ󶼳ˣ
ֳһС߳ΪĪ١
ĪȻĪˣʱҶ֮ϣҶͷʢǸĪȣһΪĪǻǵһ֮ӡ
ʮʮܻ֣ͬʮͻ۷壬ʮ꣬㲻ͻأҲ޼
̸ҶܵϣĪϢҶҲǵһ
ʮܻ֣ͬսҶ硣
ĪϲĪҵĹϵչأһصɫʡ
Ī¶ζЦݣ֮ǰܸĪ󣬲֪ʲôز
һ֮߰ɫĪ֣ҲǷһ˿Ц֮ǰҲĪ
ǿ˿һ֮ɫĪöˣ嶼ھȴΪһͣΪû㹻ԴʯǼףΪһ͡
һһʮ򣡡
۵ûֹͣһα۵˾ȻƼҵˣҶ㣬Ҳ̡
û뵽Ҳˣ
ûղű۵ף֮Уֻ׸ĪǿһҪѷһ
е˼ˣһٮٮ߷׷öʯǼףܻ˭ң
ЩֵѾһգıƴƺûиԤ˼һԤˣʹƽ⣬Ҳʾ壬˭ܸǿһλᡣ
ֳγĬ໥棬ȥ
һٶʮ򣡡
ϷԪԪʲô˵Լ϶ǡ
һʮ򣡡
һֱڻǵһΪһٮٮߣȻԴḻȱԪԪ
򣡡
Īʮ򣬽˶ļֵһöʯǼ󣬹ƲᳬѾʯǼ׵ļֵ
һȺӣ
ڰ֮УĸƶȻҲڡ
һʮ򣡡
󣬼ʮ
ҾҪǿˣȻǲȱԴʯǼ׾ͼֵȥԵƣϾһζԱȡ
ڶȥԵԩͷôԴһԳƵԴֳ뵽εľء
ҲǣҲǡ
򣡡
ڴҽѵʱҶ㱨ˣ۸
һӣ
ڳ˵Ҷһӣ׵ķӡ
ܼžˣ˭һҶǻԴһöʯǼס
ҪǲʯǼ׾Ҷˣ໥ĬûһԸ˵Ǹֳһ˵ղȥΪ˭Ҳһԩͷ
ҶǴŵЦ⣬֮Եȵڳ֣޷ۣγɾľ棬Լǳ
˻ûпʼʱҶǣ˽࣬һӽ۸һ࣬ǾҪ¿ǣǷȥ
ѡˣҶһǾͻԿҪ
һѡĬԸҶ֮УΪǰ漸ѾһӣҶ̧߼Ǯڿȥ
ڳ֮УҶ㻨ԪԪԸԳʯǼףȻ߳۸һ򣬵ҶΪֵá
ҪˣڹҲҪڲҪˣڱˣҲһ롣
ڳ˿ʼҪһҶ㣬ϻжԴһ󣬿ɲܺұۣɺ̧۸ɡ
ҶòôԴͻᱻȥÿһĹأһҲ⡣
ǰǰҶ㻨а˰ԪԪ˼ó֮⣬»ûмó
ˣǽһƷ
ϽԼʱ䣬ûжķϻһƷ˳һƿ֪װʲô
ظԳľѪһΣ̷ҲƵҩڳĶǸ֣þͲҶ˵˰ɣ
ûϸϸ˵ǴҶƾ޾Ѫͼֵơ
ȻظԳľѪ֮ٴη
ʮÿμӼ۲õ򣡡
ûκͣ۸˳
ʮǺܹ󣬷ǳıˣϧԳľѪҶòһҶ˳뾺
̶˲䣬ļ۸׷ײ룬һ¡
޾Ѫ溬ط򣬻ȥ̷֮ȥصķ򣬶ԼԺĪİ
һ޸ʲôԳľѪȥҲûá
˷֮ǹޣʲô
㶮ƨҪʲôǸ𡣡
ֱӱ˴ֿڣҪĲǸԳľѪǾѪ䷨Ҫġ
ԽԽңղŵӻУܿͱż⣬޷ȥݱĳھ
򣡡
ˣ۸ԽԽߣصķջ̫Щǳᣬ˭֮ڣͻƵأлٴλصڼҡ
߰򣡡
ˣСҲлصڼҵˣʱǲܷ
һ֮ɫıﻹδ֣ѾʼˣȥıҲаա
ˣĪƺҲˣֻңƼңɼҸ
һᣬһǧԪԪֻ
ղżȣǴֱʣǧԪԪֱһ֡
ԳľѪɼˣܶ٣ǶǶ
ºݻôӼۣɼԶΪÿμӼ۲õǵߡ
һ֪ڿЦҪµһ£ǲǸ÷žĶ


702 
Ҷ֪ȥܾ˵Ľ˵ĻȻ˾ģɶȫңҲҪθԳľѪ
Ȼ껰һ䣬žû˼ӼۣڼӣҲ
θԳľѪһǧһļ۸򵽡
Ѿȥʱ䣬ҲʼβĺöʼҪˡ
ˣƳһı
˶ס˺Ҫ֪һʲôǷٴһ񳱡
ｫǽ޵ĸԽ飬ԣǳ۵һԵĽ
һ̵ܷһȻǽ˵кϽĽ
гһöĵҩɢĽڶལĽ
Щŵӷˣһ¶֮ɫ뽫뻳С
Ȼ粻ͻƣϵĽҲһʵЧ
ߣҪϵĽ⣬봫˵֮еľ磬ֻ΢һϸĽߣ֮Ϊ
ҶҲɼ𣬾뽣кԶһ·Ҫߣڽ֮ϵĽʸңɼ
˵֮Ун񣬽ʥۣ̫ңԶĴ˵޷󼰡
ܴﵽ𼶱κһע¡
֪Ҫ΢磬֮ѣöĻᡣ
Ǵͳʮߣǽޣ·ľһ߳ȥһׯ
һ˾ľ󣬻δۣ˿ʼԼĵߡ
ˣҲҵʱ䣬ö溬⣬һ΢⣬ֵԼ׼һԪԪ
Ͻһ½溬еĽ⣬Ȼһ΢⣬ĵŷֽ⡣
׼һòȴֻ̾һο徺
һʮ򣡡
һףԥĿˣʮ
򣡡
򣡡
򣡡
򣡡
׷׳֣ĪڵȣҶ¶Ц⣬öļֵǧ򣬳Ͳֵˡ
˰򣡡
ٴμӼۣ˰˰ĵزǻŵ
Ű򣡡
󣬼һЩͨĵֻܰ࣬ôԴҲֻЩŵϲŻ֡
ĵȻӼңӿʼʱҶϷˣ֮󣬼ûô֣ڻһû򵽡
Ҷ㣬һΪһ㣬ƵƵ֣ʯǼף˻ƣ͸ͯһޡ
һǧ򣡡
Īˣ˺ü֣һǧʱ֡
ٴžһֵֽľ棬˭ȷϾһöֵһǧ
û뵽ĪҲҪմ֣ҿɼǵĪʹóİɣ
Щʣ֮ƺЩ죬Ī֣һֱƾһƣƺδʹù
´ĪĳţȻһýɣҲ
Īʮͣ˭Ҳ͸Īʲô
ֻҶ㾲ĿĪķ䣬ڳ֮ˣֻĪҶ㿴͸һ˿
ƼԽƣƼҵǧݣܷһõԲ΢⣬Ҳܰŷֽ⡣
һǧɲһСĿĿǰݣòô࣬óҲǸƶæ
Ī׼ĶҪɲ򵥣һ˻
ĪֱʣöעԵˣ
Ц˼˳ˡ
Ȼ˳ܲĪһӣ⽣Ҳ˳
Ҳ˳ˣڳֻʣ׻ûпڡ
һǧһ򣡡
ҧгݵı֣̫ؼˣȡԺܲһ֮С
һǧ򣡡
ĪӼۣƽһ崺ĸо
׳ƻˣһǧһǼޣöƴղС
һǧһΣ
ײٱۣϿʼĪļ۸ֻҪû˱ۣöĪ
һǧڶΣ
ϻһȦûöĪĪˡ
һǧ򡭡
һǧ򣡡
ں˵ʱһ֣˺ϡ
Ҷ㣬ȻҶ㣬ʼĪὣ
ܿʼˣҶ֪ҶʹóҶٳٲ˵ΪҶˣԭһֱڵȡ
ͲҪﶪֱۣ˼
ҶЦһǳ׵İƮȥȻ˵á
ڼ屦ʱ׾ԼֽŲϣһֱڻ᲻֣ܶлᣬ϶᲻ϧһдҲҪɱԼҶûбҪ顣
֮Уɫ࣬Ȼ˵֮ĪҶ㡣
ܲ˶¶ζЦݣƼҾȻڶҲʲôܣѾֲˡ
ҷ
ڴҶΪĪҶһʱĪȻˡ
˵Ĺע֮УҶ˽ֵһǧöԪԪĽ
ǮˮнʱϵıȻҲ˱仯һɾη
ջĻӼңΪҶ֮ƵƵ֣кܴһԭӼҵΣǸǧԪԪҶôӵ֮ࡣ
ȵĵȻ죬ӼҵǧԪԪֻҶһǧĿǰΪֹҶ㻨ǧҲ˵ҶϵԪԪһЩ廹Ҫۺ
üҶ㶼ȤǱǹһЩԴҶ㶼Ҫ
һʱգ۶˵˿ûмңΪ뵽β
ʺߣȴʮ󣡡
гһ򣬲֪ʲôҶ֪ħ
һħ似֮£ֻħʹһͼ۳ۣʮԪԪ
ħֻʹŻʹã߻ûãȻȥҲǰ裬൱ɹƷ
ҶȴǰһСһֱȱħ似֮¾Ϊ
ܾĵģû˱ۣϾħ似ûɶá
ȿȣȻҶûȤһģ
ĵĺʧܣû˾ۡ
ҳʮ򣡡
Ҷ㱨ˣʮԪԪ
Ҷ㣬˼ѵԪԪ˻ȥ𡣡
ˣ·κζҶ㶼Ȥħ似ȻҲҪѵħԪأ
룬˭˼ҲȱԴأȥооҲ
ϲҶӣһӮң
βҶһңңȣûѹϷδ
ʣƷһȵòͷˣҲʱ䣬һƿɳ溬нأ˭ҪԪأҪ󡣡
ɳһֳһֿʣں֮£ʮԲɼռһСƿҪѺܾúܾõʱ䡣
Ҫ溬дĽأҪԪǿࡣ
ɳ֣Ҷˣ˽ɳͿԽ׵۳ӡʱսһࡣ


703 ֮
ɳסҶ㣬û뵽һεỹ򵽽أҶȲҪзӡϧһֱȱټء
ĿǰΪֹҶֻڤӡԼľӡֲһֱδѰһ˽ɳҶ㵱Ȼ
ƺɳ˲٣Ͼܶལ޶ӵнԪأ֮ӽϬ޼᲻ݣøǿ
ɳֵԶҪѼôһƿǳ֮ѣһ˳ҪҴ
ⷬ˱ģɳȻ˵ҲôһƿǾˡ
ݺޱߣ֪߼ж٣ֻǱСǣʶԴ϶Щǡ
ΪȾգнɳ󣬺ϹۣҲ޿ɺǡ
ȿȣƿɳһ򣡡
ûͣ˵׼ۣҲһ
ղŵĽҶߣʯǼҲҶƿɳٴγΪŵı
һЩŵ֪ûлᣬԽĿƿɳ
򣡡
ΪղŴʧ׷ǳһۣһμһ
һ㿪ʼӼۻǵ˺ڣԾԵѹԷŻӼۡ
ΪͶΪ˶
򣡡
һҲһĿǰΪֹһףʮƣһҲ
һǧ򣡡
Ҫۣ˽۸һǧĵز
Ҷ㣬ôҶ㣬СҪʲôѵ㽫ӼһǧԪԪȫ𣡡
ֳ˳ˣҶĴ
һҶǿƳκ˻ᣬֱӶһǧ
ɳļֵ޼ҲͼֵһǧڼӵĻֵͲͬκζļֵɳҲ⡣
ܾĵһƬҶһǧ˵Ľ࣬ȫˡ
һǧһ򣡡
Ϸ
Ҷ㣬ƿɳʮãˣ
֮˵һ䡣
һǧ򣡡
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ɫݺݵĿҶİ䣬һжһҶɵģһô˱
λ뾲һҪ
˴ǹལվֹҪϡ


704 
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һοڵ꣬ϴλһǧ˸ԳľѪֲľС
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ʯǼƺûڻļҶֻô߶棬ӿٶȣʱܽҶƳɹ֮ٽ׵۳ӡڽȵл̷ȥ
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һӰ֣ٴζһˣҶķһβܽϣǽǧӡע뵽ɱ֮С
Щһһ㣬뵽ɱ֮Уһ··Խ࣬ɳĿռȻԽ
һ㣬󷨣Ҷ컹һҪ飬ǲ󷨡
ҪñйͲ󷨣Բ÷󷨣ҲԲù󷨣ҶҪõһ󣬺ų󷨡
Ҷ֮дĦģ󷨿ɹأãܼӳֱԪģܴ֮ȡ
Ҫɣۺ֮γһѭҲҶзӡ֮ġ
󷨵ȻҪʯҶϼƷʯм飬Ʒʯܶ࣬ȫܽ⣬ΪҺʼɱЩϸСһ㱻


705 ɱ
Ҫȫ뵽ɱ֮УҪ磬뵽֮Уڽ֮γһѭ
жݱ䣬ҶĿľҪɱһǰδеս
ʱȥˣԼʯǼ׶ܽĲˣҶĻȻ𣬵Ҳ𣬻¶Ѵﵽǧҡ
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˫ӡΪҺһɢĿĹâɱ֮С
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ĿľɱøӼ̣ʯǼ׵ĿɱΪƷԪ
ǧӡ֣ȫ뵽ɱ֮УˮɱڲʣЩ·γɵ֮УشһӴ󷨳ˣ
ʯǼף
һʯǼ׻ΪҺ壬뵽ɱ֮Уʼںϡ
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ﴫͳȥɱ·һ˿ȻڸҶ㽻
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צһɨռ󲨶ʱܱѣܲס֮ŭ
ڽβ˸ҶΪһ壬ٴαһҶ㣬˫ֻڽӡϵע֮ʯԪҶ㲻Ϸֽ⣬ȫ뵽ɱ֮С
֮ɱһ޵׶һУҶѹĲϱɵһɶ컯ļϣҶֱһ⵰
һжֵˣЩõķԪҶҶҲûãȫȫɱҲһס
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һɫߣɵЧޱȷȫӳڸ֮ϡ
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Ҷ˿֪ղɱεʱԺӷ˷츲صı仯֮ϳ˵Ѻۣ󷨸Щ֮͸գ͸档
ʱ仹ԣ׵۳ӡ
Щʱ䣬ҶϢ죬зӡĵӡ


706 ׵۳ӡ
⿪ƣҶ֮˳ɱоƣ
ղ˴ҶҪϢʱ䣬׵۳ӡ
̤ҵһ̣˸ѾԺɨֵϳһѺۡ
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ĽɫСԽԽ⻬ɫ·ǽ֯һ㣬һơ
һʱȥˣɳûϣҪ̫֮ǿҶչ죬˺ԼĽֻܻա
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һ㽫ҶԸԼС
Ҷ֪׵۳ӡıȻ衣
Щ⽫Ҷ֮Ҷ㷽Բ֮ľԼʯһεĽи֧飬ɽùͺͺġ
ʱһһ֮йȥɡ
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ףΣұҪֻнҲлɱҶ㣬ѩޣ
ǿǿѹͻصջҶ㲻ħȥԴ̷֮ƽ𵤣Խصڻ֮ɱҶ㡣
ڼʱҲҪȥˣ
ǰǿûƽ𵤣סصջ
Ҳһ⼸ԴĿţϣ죬Ȼͻƾ磬ҲҪһݱϡ
δѵĸо׷Ϊ׼
ƼҴԺƶڴϵƺӣһ֮ɫ
ףҪΪұ𰡣
ƺӽ٣𣬴ʱһ죬ɿݣͷϡɣ˿ʮ꣬ȸƶҪϡ
վһԣ֮ɫԼܵܵʹģһжҶɵġ
İɣСò˶ãͻҵ
״Űοûƺ飬Ҷĳ׶Ҫ
ڽɫĹ֮УҶ㲻֪˶ٴӡһδʧܣһδ飬ϵȥѰһ˿ϵ㡣


707 ̷
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶ㱻ɫĲϼİסˣ޾Ľɽӣơ
Բκ޲̤룬һ̤ͱ˺ѣ׷ֽ⡣
ﲻԣ
ҶӡΣȱٵʲô׵۳ӡ޷γɣʱ̹һ
֮£Ҷֹֻͣڲȱ޷ӡݻ
Ŀ˼Ҷ㽫ӡȫϸϸζһ飬ϣҵ
֮Ӧһǰնأǲһ֮ƣ
Ҷ㽫ӡһ飬ʱ򣬲δ֮һʮƽ͵ĸоɱ
ˣ
ҶͻȻˣ֮Ҳ֮֮Ҷ˷·һշȥ
׵۳ӡ
Ҷ˫ͻȻ䶯ӡ֣һɫĹâ˸һֱƿϼ룬Ҷ屩©
ӡѹ
֮ϣһɫӰӳ֣ǲɵİ׵۳ӡķһö޴ӡ
ǵ˲ʹõĴӡһɵ١
ǡ
Ҷ·ǵɽһ³޾Ľʼиܿռѷ죬¶ڵա
ɽΧѾһľӡɢĽֽΪ촷ۡ
ӡڲϷŴҶ㲢δֹͣ˫ֽӡٶԽԽ죬Ҫһ׵۳ӡ
ɽмͷ޴ž߿·𿴵ʲôֲһ
޵һľ磬ѾǣܸӦΣգʱҶ㣬͸һǿΣա
ɽķѣҶƯ֮ϣӡУ֮ϣѿ޾֩һܲϵӡ
µĽɫâס˴յĹâƬɽ˽ɫ磬ɫĺ
ǧɽƯҶϿգһöӲӵĴӡˣЩɽͻڴӡܣǳһ㡣
ڴӡ棬֣ǰ׵۳ӡڱҶΪϤҶ㻹кöϸҪ
ʲôʱ򽫳ӡʩչ쾡£Բ磬ǰӡΪʯҶţò˶ã׵۳ӡΪһɱ
ӡϣҶɱκξ磬зӡͷųֱѹ
˫ӡ׵۳ӡʧ뵽Ҷ֮Уص˽ָܻƽ
ưܵĵ棬·⵽˾޴ϮһƬֱ꣬Ҳ̶ãҶ㶼ţԼɵġ
ܲʱ䣬ڽ׵۳ӡʮʱ䣬̷⣬ܲ򵽾ŷֽ⡣
Ҷ֪ҪһŲһŲǰǰ˷ֽ⣬ƾһöҩ޷΢衣
һ΢Ҳ㹻ҶʱˣΪԺûõ΢⡣
ѾܶˣղôĶһ϶ǰ
Ŀĵ棬Ҷ㲻ڶɽȥҸĵطĲ򽣵
һʱʱ䣬Ҷ㿴һܶʮֳʪֱʩչ˻Ԫأɽɡ
ʯһ󣬽סûܴͰȫˡ
һУҶ㿪ʼ̷ݲһ˿һķģҪȫĵȥܽĽһʧԽĸӦͻʧӰ٣Ҳʧȥöҩļֵ
һʱʱ䣬ҶŽԼѵ״̬˽޹ľ磬һƬ̨
óҶĸܵö֮зӡƽŷֽ⣬һ΢
ĵΪɫǳɫӦǾŷֽ⣬һǳ콣⣬Ӧþ΢⡣
һڽ̷ȥΪĵ⣬뵽Ҷ֮УµĽҶŰʼˢҶ塣
ͣ
ҶͻȻһƬ꣬Ѫģĵ⣬ҪҶ塣
ѹ
ҶܸǻᣬһӳȥЩԪԪǴˮƯˡ
ĵ̫ӴҺҶǿǿ󣬸ղѾи֧飬ýô򵥡
ҺһԪӾħ֮ɢҶ棬ʼ޸Щ˵ĵط
ħʱ̶ԪϵԪԪЩԪԪȫ޸Ҷ
˺õֹ֮Ҷסʹʼĵ⣬ǻδʧҶܸӦ١
һʮѰḶ́ڲϵиҶ壬Ҷ㻹Ҫ˼ȥӦʹ࣬Ҷ
鵽һҶֻҧ֣ʹһʱ򣬷֪ʹΪΪҶѾʹȫĵ뵽֮С
ʶڲĵݺύҪݻ塣
ÿµĽ⣡
Ҷһľ飬Ҷܲ仹ǿĽ⣬ʱ
ʶҪһƽҶγɣҲԼĪİ
Ǻܿ죬ʶֱп޷赲Ҷ˺üΣʶ޷̽⵽⽣ľ衣
һˣ
ҶҲƢԼôԪԪȻϣˮһգһҲУһƶӴҶܲ
ɱ¾֮ѹ
ɱ¾֮ˣһɸӿµɱ¾֮ɢĵܵɱ¾֮еٶԻ˺ܶ࣬ƺܵɱ¾֮ѹ
ɱ¾֮ܲܽƽգͿıˣ
Ҷðһľٶ㽫ƽգԺҪڶʱ֮ڣ򵽽裬ǳ֮ѡ
ɱ¾֮͵ȵòͷˣǿĽ⣬գҶһֱѹƣͳ
ɺɫĹâ֣ƽеٶٴ⵽
ಣ
ŷֽⱻסˣǵ΢סɱ¾֮ٴҶ֮Ű
ȽƸѹסˣʰһƣ
Ҷͻƣɱ¾֮סƾŷֽ⣬ѾǼޣǰҪȽƾŷֽڴһ΢
磬΢̫Ϭʱղˣ㽫ɵǬ֮УԺǸá
Ҷʱûʲô취ʱѵ
û˵
ƾŷֽ⣬͹Ҷһʱ䣬ʱ޷ȥ΢ѹҶԺ
Ǭˣ΢ƺˣҶشҪѳȥ
飬ԣȻĨɱ黹ڣȻϣ⵽˵ūۣˣκ˶
ҽȥɣ
Ҷ㽫΢ϽǬ֮УǬǰܽǬƿĴһʱ䣬ĥĥ
ҶǬѪаȫĥ΢֮ϡ
΢Ҷ㽫ƾŷֽ⣬ȫգҶа򵽾ŷֽ⣬˵е΢⡣


708 
շ΢⣬ʣµƾŷֺݺݵİҶѹȥɱ¾֮ѹơ
ɱ¾ܿǧ⾳κνⶼ޷ֵɱ¾־˿̵ƽͱѹ
ڲܵĴ˺ܿõֹԪԪֽ⣬ʼ޸Ҷ塣
ʶɱ¾֮ڲƾŷֽ⻹ϱҶ
ߣǱҿˣѳȥ
Ҷ㷢һߣһǿѹȥһƾŷֽȫܶ
ħ棬
ҶҪƾŷֽ⣬оܲŷֽ衣
һ˿˿ħ֣ǾŷֽⷢȹâһƥĽն£Ҫƿħ档
ϧɱ¾֮ڲȻĽǿҲӲһɡ
˷ֽŷֽⲻͬŷֽǴԲѾ΢ʮ˷ֽĸ֣һŷֽŽ֣ҲǶ֡
ǰǾͬ
ⲻħգҶʶ뽣֮Уϸϸᡣ
֮Ҳ֮νΨһԹ׷ĵ֮УشС
ʶԽ룬ҶŨأССһ⣬аֱ仯䣬䣬ﶼֳҶ·ھһϴ
֮УֱС֣⽣׽з⣬νн⡣
Ҷϥ£ϸϸ֮⾳
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶȫŵƽ֮У޷͸
˫ۣҶ޾Ի󣬿ŷֽⲻô򵥡
ϥ£һУһٳˣ˫֮ϡ
ǹү͸ҶĹ٣Ҷ㻹δüϸϸ飬ڵһܲܰԼͻľ
ٷҶϸһ飬Ǿٲһ㡣
ףʲô
Ҷ㷢ֹһط͹һ飬ʮأһ
Сֳ͹ĵطһ£޷Ӧ
Ҳԣڹүǧ꣬ʲôүͷˣ
ҶҡͷЦ
ֲģǾ溬ʲôϸ飬ٳ·֮⣬֮
ؼ͹һСϣ
ڷٴ͹һС飬һβ£
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ٵڲǵ
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Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣٿذٵĵײһѿһӣգۼĹڲȫչֳ
ڲһֻӴСֻܷһСҵĸӣڸ棬һƵ鼮
СĽⱾƵ鼮˳ʮֹžɣ֪ĸ£·Ǩ
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ĸʮĿ꣬ĸȻɢŨҵϢ·̻ȥġ
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֣Ҷʮڴ¼ʲô£ű֮Ϊ֮֡
һţ¼ĹȻһףоĪʾмֻʲ졣
һҳһҳķȥҶĳ˽ȥ
ֻӦУ˼ܼ˾ӣ
ӲǺܳȴ¼Ҷ㶼ûмʶа꣬ˣҲ˷ܡ˼
ٴι۲һ飬Ҷ㽫ȫ̻ڻ꺣֮Уһֲÿμġ
׷˻ȥٽϣҶһ㵯
Ҷ㲻ֳգǿ˼֣̲סҪһ
СˮȪˮ֮ľŵһ⾳
ҶͻȻһղŶԽһЩĵطͻȻȻʡ
һﴫͳȥҲ֪˶ԶҶҲȫˡ
һӵУһľ󿪣ԽһЩ޵ĵطԽԽ
ƾŷֽȫҶգڷֽ⣬֮£ƾŷֽһ㱻ֽ⣬һϸСı仯Ҷľ֮Уܿһ
͡
ҶܣͻȻ޾Ľ⣬ܵǽ֮ϣ
⻹ǿܿﵽ˰˷ֽ۷壬Ҷȫ֪Լŵ֮У԰Ρ
ԽԽֳƲ⾳Ҷʷӡ
һЩſΧʱʱ˻
Щ֦ͣܵϣҶַ衣
һ͵磬ޣֲж˿̶ˣС
̡
ҶͻȻһǿϢŷֽҶͷ֮ϣһ޴󳤽ɢɭĹâǽҶ˾ŷֽ⡣
δֹҶ㻹ڼ࣬ʱ߰ʱί˵ľ
иҲд䣬бϣ֮ȫ
ܾۼԽԽ࣬һ㱻һ¶Իı飬һЩ޾Ȼͻ˾磬ʼ¾
Һɽ̣̤ɽһЩϲ
͸գɽϿջصȻӰͻȻͣס塣
ʦ֣
һŮͻȻסˣ
ɽ֮У
˶ˣ·ħǾȻ޷ŲŲ񾲾š
ǴǱߴģǹȥ
ȻкܴħǻɥʧǡľƽͣһЩɬĵطԽԽ
˳һҶ߸һ·֮ϣ϶¶֮ɫҲڳ߾ۼ
ЩǣţȻǣǳķȥ
Ȼħ޶ˣ
һ֮ɫڶ޳ԴҲٶ޵ĽŲһߵһɽ弱ٸȥ
һβӸ߰ƻ裬ʱֳĺ֮У·ĩˣ޾Ĳɣ
ɲɣ֮УְµĻ·ٴλԾ
ͳ˸ɽȻЩ޻ԾţһϷûгޣûɱ¾ֻ
Ҷ̨һƬʶһɢȥܰͻľҲ꣬ҶøӴ
·һ̶ˮ֮УϴǦҶ˵궼õ
ɱ¾ϴӵһɶҶӤԡ˷˷츲صı仯
˵飬ԡ
ʵȻԶͨĸ򣬶ﾡ
бϣԲȱκ鲻ҶҲһҪľǲΥġ
ԽԽСһӣҶ˰ʱʱ䣬ƻ裬һϣҶҲ˫ۣ·ȫˣûй̹
ȫÿһϸڻԾţڱڣѪҺ


709 ٺ
һҶʮ峺·ڼҵĴкһ㣬ɢЦݡ
Ȼӽ֣Ҿͽٰɣ
Ҷһֺ֣ô֡
ҶٴԼһ·ڻӦҶ㡣
ã֪֪Ժ㣬һ
Ҷ֪ղŵֻаٷ֮һкܶɬĵط
ȻǾֻԶǳ֮Զ
˵꣬ٷŻشָҶŷ֣ԼѾ˾ŷֽ⣬һȵĽɢ
ʯۣᴥҶ¶һ˿֮ɫЩѵԼɵ𣿡
ղҶŵ֮У֪ı仯
Щ۾Ȼ֮У·һȥģȻǺôйɵиܡ
Լ֮⣬ˣղŽĳ⾳Ч
ҶʩչһΣ϶޷ô𺳵ĳ档
Ҷ㻺ƿסڵľ޴ʯ飬֮ܶãҶһǺܿ¶֮ɫ˶ԭء
ô£Ϊ֮޻ڴˣ
ҶһæսƣôްΧ˭﷢ë
ȴʱ䣬Щ޸ûй˼һ֮ɫſԭأһ϶¶֮ɫ
ʲô
ҶҲһͷˮ㲻׷ʲô顣
ΪҪΧ
޵һľ磬ῪǣҶɢʶܶ޴
࣬ղŵӿ㵯ģ
һͷӴ߳Ǵ֮滢һɫëƤȻﵽصز
Ǳģ
ҶƺЩѵЩ޶ǱԼ
ûǶǱû뵽໹ܵ˾ǶȾˣ˺ܶ࿴飡
滢еޣ˵ǵ
л佱Ҳ뿪˰ɣ
˭ôΧţȻʲôΣգﻹǺܲһЩ޷ëһΧԼʮҶ㣬Ҳᱻѹɷ顣
ڳ޹ؾǧͷϣҲв٣ظʤ
ܸ࣬Ҹղ㵯ʲô𣿡
滢߲ǰҶֻʮ֮ңȻ滢ϵƣҶ㻹Ǹоһǿѹ
֣
Ҷûղŵ¡
֮
֣滢¶֮ɫ
Ҷһͷߣǰ佱ҲͰˣھȻһͷ޿佱Ҷ治֪αȥٱ޿佱ûš
лӣϣ
Ҷһ䱸֮ɫ滢¶Իı飬ϾбҶҲôΧһ𣬱˵ҶأԣҲͷƤ顣
лһⵯ࣡
Ҷŷܵȴ˵ԺҲɽˡ
ȻţҶû˵ǧܽЩëˡ
𣡡
滢ͻȻǧЩ޸һӦɽȶʼͷ޻ߣһ޳һɢȥ
һɢȥҶһ£Щ޲޶⣬ҪлҶ㣬ЩҲ
࣬Ȼ޲ʲôҸѣĵˣҪСģ
滢ƺָȵҶҪ׷ʵʱ򣬳滢Խʧ֮Уת˲ʧ
ղŻ޾ۼĳת֮ߵһɶֻһƬѹ֦ǵϻ޵צӡţղۼ˶ޡ
ҡҡͷʱˣҶҪץʱϻȥ嵣ġ
ɳɳɳ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱǰִɳɳ
ѵȥ
Ҷ¶ɻ֮ɫΪȥƺᣬ޵·
ʲôˣ
Ҷһȣȫٴδ˭ܽôߵɽԼҪͻư׵۳ӡҶҲ뵽˵ء
̨Ҫţֻż˵أ˼֣ű
֮߳һŮһɫ϶¶ǿϢ
ܴߵɽûһʵĲҽ룬һɫؾһ˴ﵽڡ
ʵҲ԰ȻĺᴩɽֻҪػްһ޸޷вǡ
ߵҶǰ漸ʮվ˴ŶǶʮ꣬Ҷ˶٣ʹﵽ磬һģǾͺѡ
λ̨֪ôƺ
Ϊ׵ӳҶ㱧һȭڣ֮ס
Ƽˮ꣬ǲҪ֪ĺãʹ˱
Ҷ㲻ڽ֦̫һĳЩ֪϶ǳ죬Ҷƺ׸ղų滢ָ
ҶĵˣףղžǺܺõĻᣬ޶ˡ
滢֪ǱڸʵһڸҶѡ
ಣ
ҶҪ뿪Ӱͬʱ֣סҶȥ·
̨ΪҪż뿪ûж⣡
ʼ˵¶ζЦݣҶ㣬ΪҶһֱؾ磬ء
ڼҶһ̣һ֮ɫؾȻ룬ûбɱҲʵ
Ҫʲô
Ҷһ⣬Ҫ뿪Щ˾Ȼסˡ
Ҳʲô֪ղŵ֮ǲ㣡
ͷһҶ㿿
˵أ
ҶԽԽȻ˲⣬ȻδֳһٶҶţЩ˶Լ֮ġ
ɱԽͬҳ㷹Ϊ棬رɽ棬̣˵ɱһˣɱˣҲܲ
ǣ˼㻹ˣ
ϴЦ⣬һ׽͸ĸоһߣҪݺݵҧסҶ㡣
Ȼ֪α֪ʣ
ҶĻشȷˣԲòҲ֪
ҽ᪣ȨԺŵӣҼ̨һᣬǿɷ񽻸ѡ
ͣһᣬȻȨԺˡ
ȨԺҶϾðһɱ̤ݿʼҶȨԺͲںøС
ܸȨԺŵӣҵң£Ժлᣬһλú𡣡
ҶҲ˹ǻʱȣҶ㲻뵢ȥ
֪ôʦθ㽻ѣ㾹ȻҾܾǲǻĲͷˡ
סҶһ곯Ҷȵ
ôҵȨȻΣǵΣҸʲ𣡡
Ҷ˲
֪ǸͿǸӣȻ㲻ʶôݹ飡
ղ˵ӷȣҪҶ֡


710 ֮
û뵽һԲϣԷͷҪȷ黹Ҫ졣
᪸ղŻһЦݣתۼһζӣƺҶ㵱õ档
ѵǴҪɱԽ𣡡
Ҷװµӡ
ɱ㵹ڣղŵ׽ȻΪ㣡
סҶ¶Це¶ĿҪӶҶϵס
˵أ
Ҷ˲ɢһɱѰϢ
ûʸ˵͹ԹԵĽǳ֣
¶̵Цݣ⣬ǽҶɱɽҰɱһ˸֪
ҲǴɱǰɣ
ҶͻȻˣ¶ЦݣԣҶ㲻Է˫ȥǿΣԷƺԸ뿪Ҫвס
νʶʱΪܣ㲻ôɵɣԼЦ
ΧסҶ¶Цݣ·ҶΪ˴׵ĸ
ûѡˣ
ҶЦݸʢǿҶˣղҶ㻹ǱӣΪҶ㷴ƽ¶Цݣǿ͸
ûѡأɣұ֤㲻
ƣҶ㽻ס
ϧһƣ
ҶͻȻһߣһɳĽɱ¾֮׵ĳ
ڤӡѹ
죬ѹ֮ӡ죬һ£ֱѹԭء
㾹Ȼҳ֣
˴ŭû뵽ҶȻ֣ס
һиӷģ
ҶЦһһپס
꣡
һӦ䣬ղƱҶһնϣҶ廹δֹͣѹ֮ŷֽѩƮɢ֮ϡ
ɣ
һɨƷסÿһƶĿռ䣬سΣҶɱǣصϢҶ
նƵӻҽУҶĳٴεֱ֮ȡĲĲ˼飬Ҿŷֽ⣬ûз
ͣ
һѪղһֱӱҶһնԴСԴĹ˳ȥ
󵨣
᪴һȥһ̫죬ҲûзӦӦʱҶѾնɱһˡ
׵۳ӡľӡ
Ҷһʩչӡס᪵ĽŲˣֻҪסɣҶ֮ƣѸٽˡ
ӡѹ¶һ˿ݣʲô似ر׵۳ӡƣ޾ĽиĿռ죬쳯û
ס᪣Ҷûκζɱ¾֮һɨϳҶӰӡ
ã
һãһȵҶʩչ֮ʲôʲô
ˢˢ
ʣ¸Գ׼ӭսû뵽Ҷôǿ󣬶̶һʱնɱһˣֹʦֵĽŲ
˵ĳҶûҪŤתƣҶɱϧǵ͹Ҷʵ
֮ȻǵһδڶйղŻת֮䣬аħ˵ֱӸסˡ
ýˣɣ
ɱ¾֮Ҳո֮ƾŷֽ⣬ɱ¾֮Ҳ֮øй󣬴ʱһʵһĳ
ͣ
˵룬ھŷֽǰԵô΢Ҷɵƿǵķǳ
˲ɱңҲɱˣһֱҶŷ׼ɱңұɱˣ
Ҳģôŷֽ⣬˭
˴Ų֮ɫϹѪǱˣھŷֽǰǼֱСĿ
һ£ѣڵȫɣ׵۳ӡ飬ھȻǿҪط֯ɱǿࡣ
ŵϵʬ壬ҲûиղǸŵӣ˿ޱʮֿ¡
㾹ȻɱȨԺĵӣ
ɫĿ£һʵʰɱҶ
˵ɱߣʱҪñɱ׼Ǿȡ
Ҷģ첻ҶҪҶû·
ܺãھɱ㣬Ϊȥʦܱ𣡡
һĳҶ߹ÿһµƾͳҶѹȶһ񱩵ƣʱݱɿ籩ꡣ
ҶĶ᪣۽ƳһվһԵŮӣŮӹʵһ޷֣ʦֶҶɱˣʱȥҲǰװ׵
ţʦֵ϶׵ɱҶ㣬¶һ˿֮ɫȻЩ̣ҶɱʦֵʱŮıŤˡ
ֻʮ֮ңӴղײҶصƸ᪡
ССأȻƣҵ͹㣡
һײ᪷ԼռƣҶɽ֮У֮У֮УҲ֮У·죬ǵأ˻Ȼһ壬ڸҶ㽻֣ǸΪС
᪺ܿ콫ָ˦ղҲǴΪҶؼһ֡
ҶҲҴ⣬Ȼ˾ŷֽ⣬սֻ˰׵۳ӡĲδӣǾ绹似Ҷ㶼û
ǾŷֽҶĹҪǰϬʮҲ˲١
׵۳ӡңȻƵҶ򲻾ãʩչĲ죬ֻҪҶţһ죬Ҷзӡѹء
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ƳһɢɺɫĹâֳǳȻǻԳʱ˻Բϡ
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711 ǿǿײ
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һճһ⣬Ҷ˲ʱ䣬Ҷɽ忪ʼһѿѡ
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վԶŮ;ˣʦǸ߸ϣѧԺȻ㲻֮ӣǾԲƽӹ֮
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Ҷ˶似һ֣¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
һֱЩŶ׷£Ը似Ͼʱ䣬һżǿ似
Ҷ㾹Ȼ˶似һһǿֱ˼顣


712 ֮
似Խ࣬ȻҲԽɣ׷һ¡
Ҷ㲻ͬǿ߱ʽǿ̻Ժ֮һ㣬ֻҪ絽ˣһھ
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ӡεĿס᪵壬κηԵôСǶҶ֮С
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һһΣһȱʲô˫ȻЩߵãҪʲôﶼ򵽣һЩ䱦Żϡ


713 ɵŮ
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714 ν
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Ҷ㣬˼ΪԼİΣǣˣѵ֪س𡣡
Ҷ̾Ϣ˶¶Ū֮ɫΪҶ̫ˡ
ʢͷһʱԣ֪ԼмＸˡ
ҲΪҶ㱻ͷԣеĿһУڵӣЩܱġ
ǿδأڼҵӶѣǻǲȱţӦúݺݵĴЩ֮ˣǻ˺۸
вվҶһߣϾҶǻǣˣΪǵҲŶˡ
ûǻƾʲôҪ۸

۷׷ף㼺
һҶ廯ΪһǣƮʩչ˼£ʧԭأ˭Ҳûп塣
Ȼ֮䣬һֻƳǰȻ˹ȥޱȡ
ÿ죡
ܷһҶٶ𾪵ˡ

Ҷ־ҪĶ⣬ϱһǿϢ˲䱬
һƶҪܿҶƣȻӦУͲΥ
ҶӰΣȻѲٶȿ죬Ҷٶȸ죬˲˾룬ƾո
ܣȻѲҶƣٲľ룬ҶƾС
ҵ͹ˣ
ٶϣȻҶ㣬Ʈ似֮ףﵽ£Ϊһ壬ҶҪκεطԡ
˵ֱ꣬һ̧ҪҶƸ񵲳ȥڲܿͻᱻҶС
ô㻹㲻Ҫ𣡡
Ҷ㼥ЦһƳԼҶʧˡ
ž
һİˡ
ʮ࣬ҲʮǻϲŻ
ԭأҶӰӻ֣Ķ棬Ŀԣ϶ָۡ
ԭνģǲһɨˣ
ղǿΪҶ֮ԼôǿҶ㷴Է
˶ûзӦҶ㾹Ȼһ⣬֮¡
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ŭǳ裬裬ǧǰһ콾ȻҶһ⡣
ҲСסͣʵ֪֮󣬾ҼŵӣȴҶһ⣬Ҳ̫˼ˡ
룡
Ҷ¶һ˿ŭ⣬䲻ɱԼȻˣҲЩŭˡ
һ䣬ҶȻ˫³ޣҶҲʲôˣ˭۸һѡ
һֻƣ˹ȥͬʽûʲô仯
ҶٶռݾԵƣֱһ̧һɿµƳ֣ҪҶɳȥ
ЦղŻ˵ҪУ
ҶЦһ䣬ڵһеʱͳˣֻǲԣһκȻҪҶ潻档
ɱ˭֪
ɱֻҪɱҶ㣬˭κβǿΪŷǿ߷ûͬߡ

ŶԷֲϢҶ޶ãһҶƮۣɵĿķƹȰĳǰ
ž
һİһ˳ȥڿз˼ͷ
ղգұգˣָӡ׵ĸͷƵá
ڸһ䣬Ҿɱ㣡
ҶϵЦʧȡ֮һֲ֮ɫ˲˭ỳɣŭҶ㣬Ļɱˡ
ҸƲ첻
ʧȥǣܵ裬һţҷ֧ܵߵĴȴ˺ݺݵ⡣
ȻˣҾͳȫ㣡
Ҷ¶һ˿ɱһ֣֮ղˡ
ղŵҶһڼкھһɱˡ
ˢ
ԼıɢһտɫĹâȻˮԪأѹҪѰڵˮԵġ


715 ֹ
֮䣬Ҷ⣬ܵ裬ΪڼҵӣһǸ߸ϣĳ裬ҪɱҪܡ
ɢ㲨ƣˮԪصĳˮԪ֮٣һ㶼ŮˮԪأȷʵϡ档
ô򲻹׼ñ𣡡
ҶЦһȻǿ󣬵Ҷ㣬سҶɱҲкüˣںɱһˡ
СҵģҾʬͷ
Ť¶֮ɫվһԵɫǳѿû뵽ŵȴ˺ڰ
ҵҪôҺʬͷ
ҶϻָһЦеӣζЦݿ
ɣ
һȣгˣҶˮԪزͬˮ˿ڴ֮ҪˮԪʮͣԻľ
ˮԪأе˼ҳ׵Ĵ㣬
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦνˮҶ˫ֿʼӡһ޴ɽˣͷ֮ϡ
ǣ
ЩȻܲסɽѹھɽмͻȻһ٣ԭأ޷ǰһ
ѹ
˫ӡ޴ɽ֮ϣһ
ôҲã
Уأ֮ӣôᱻҶƣֵɥʧˡ
ЩֵɵˣҶôǿ˵ز
ǿ̫ǿˣҶս˿سڣߣ
Щ߷ˣղŻһЩ˲Ҷ㣬ҶչֳһĶ⣬׵˻ȥ
ҹ£
Ҷ˫ͻȻ岻ܿƣȻ԰ܲס

һҽУһѪȻҶѹԭأ³
ղ˵ʲôҪҹ¸ͷ˭ڸҿͷ˲Ҫ̫ΪЩǲ𣡡
ղſޱȣҪҶͷϴڷҶѹԭأҶǰ
Щ˶Ĭˣ֪ҶŰԵһڼҵӣҶȻ£ѵҶ㲻ҵı
Ҷ´ῼǣΪĸ֣Υģ¶ǾǿߣҶҲκζҡ
ΪһߣҪһǰҪԼԼļΪ
ڵأŮС죬˵
ҪɱңҪɱ㣡
Ҷһ˹ȥҶһĲϣֻҪҶ㳤ڽһͻᱻжϲӡ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ
ҶһɱͻȻһ˳ҪֹҶ㡣
ҶתԴ߹
ôѵҲɱ
Ҷ㳯ʵ
ҶӣǲԣҸǸˣ㿴ҵϣŹɣҲϣҸƼΪУ
վ˳ҪֹҶɱ
ΪһںӼұһɱ󣬳ܸһɣһῼǲɱ
Ҷʣ˵ңκˣҶҪɱˣ˭ֹ
Ҷ㣬֪ʮзִ磬ɱղͳˣ㻹˼ɣܷŹҿԳһ飬㿴ɺá
ȻɵȻڴʧƫģ˼άϷǳ֪Ҷ㲢ɱҶҪɱڵһеʱ򣬲ֱһ⣬һɱԡ
ɲ֣Ϊ˵ô󣡡
Ҷ㾹Ȼ˵ɲֱӾܾһλŮҪЩߴ
Ҷ㣬ӦɣϽŮǳԶٷҲа
Щ߿ֲ´󣬾ȻҪҶӦŮɲ࣬ϣҪҶȢֱҪ
ҶһͷߣЩ˶ʲô˼ά߼Ưܿһ۶㣬ĻᣬҪͷҲֻ˲
ҶŮˣҶ޸о
¶糺֮ɫҲû뵽Щ˾ȻҪ󣬸ղ˵һ飬ǷҶ飬ûⷽȥ롣
ˣҪΣ
Ҷ¶һ˿ζЦݣҪô𸴡
ڵϵ鳹ŤˣǰǣҪӭȢڵǰһôĳ󣬹ˡ
ֻҪҪҶܴӦ㣡
峺֪Ҷ˵Ҫ
㲻Ҫ󣿡
Ҷɻʵ
ȻҶ˵꣬ɫˣе㲻ڡ
Ҷ㣬ƾҲ⣬Сϵģ
ŮվָҶ㣬û뵽ҶĻҪ
ҪҶ񣡡
һ䣬ȱ졣
ҶӣֻҪɣҶԴӦ㣬ҪԴҶӦǰ㲻ɱ
ܾˣΨܴӦϾΪֵ̫ˣԼһҸͽȥˡ
ΪȱԴ𣿡
Ȼ㲻ϴӦֻɱˣ
Ͼɱ˶˵͸ҳ㷹һ
Ҷ㳤ҽһӳһ˿Ѫ
Ҷ㣡
ֱţû뵽Ҷβôɱ϶ƴϾڼҵӡ
Ҷ㣬ڼҵӣɱ֪»ҲƽҸƼҶΪУ
ֱţû뵽ҶҪ֡
̫߿ˣΪڼһΪһƼҿս̫ˣ
Ҷ㿴ʮ͸ȻɲõӰ죬ΪһƼΪУķ
һ󣬺һΪҶ˵ȥˣڻҲһţڼңҲһͨӶѣиӣȻҲǴڱԵôΪƼΪС
Ҳ֪ķȷʵڻǣвжΣһڼ׷ڼҵڻǣԻҿ϶һֹ
ҪҪ󣬲ſϷŹ
ҧ촽Ȼںò˼ɻİΣһڼһ׷ףǻҿ϶Ѳ˸ϵᱻڼҴ֣һʧȥڼҵ֧֣˵϶һ
ҪҲУҪҵˮһۣ
ҶҪ󣬾ȻҪۿҵˮ
ܴӦؼһȥǶ治
ͻȻֹҪҶ
룡
Ҷ㳤ͻȻĲٴγѪڽһ֣ͻᱻϲӡ
ҲܴӦ㣬һˮйҽҵˣˮˣǣҵһǴӦһɣ
ҪǱڼ֪¶ᱻ¾һաĲ
ʮָɴľܾˣҲԸ⽫ˮй¶غܡ


716 Ʒ
ҵˮҶ;ˣˮˣˮı̬ʮǿ󣬿ϧʸ
ǸɵŮˣ
ҶڶǸɵŮˡ
ҸղֻǿһЦɱһ᲻ȤΪҵĽ£
˵˵ȥҶԭһЦ
ջسҶ֮Բɱȷʵԭʱ뽫ϵŪļƻܳһ˿
ҹɣԺٳҵǰ
Ҷһϣֱӱ˳ȥ
ûˣҶ˫ѾҶڵһȡһǧԪԪ
ҶѡһЩҩƵҩȻҪ򣬾ҪⲻˣЩҩá
һУҶתȥִ˶ɢȥҲʧ
Ҷ㣡
һ֣Ȼûߣһֱ
ղǿЦ
ţҶˡ
˵ɵʵȻƯ˶Ľ㣬ղž͵û˵
Ҷ˵꣬ﳤȥվԭصȻˡ
һ챻˵ɵŮˣȻ粵ҶʼնûۿһΡ
ڻǣĸſҪߵһ𣬶Ҷ·ûһΣʼԼ࣬ѵĲҶ
Ҷ㣬Һˣ
Ҷʧ˶ţʧԭء
ʱһ֮࣬󣬴һεڼұԣǻһܽڼң˵֮󣬾뿪ңƻصڼȥˡ
һ⵽裬ĵһΣ϶ôȥ
ȥ
һŭȣ嶼սˣ׷ѯʣ׷ʲô顣
һյʱ䣬ڴ⵽Ҷܿʹ˼ƣҪһ»ͷʢҶ㣬벻
С㣬ˣүڴŭϽȥ
صԼ뷿ʱ䣬Ѿߴ˷˽
֪ˣϾȥ
ϵϢңرҶҪҪŹȻҪȻʱ̣Ҷ˵ǿЦģǴ֪һζˡ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣬˭ãƫƫȥ
Ҷ֣֪˵ʲôˣ˵ʲô۳ֵ࣬ȻҶ֡
鷢ˣܲɱƼȥģҶֻǱ
ҶлԺɫգȻ޹⣬ͻȻЦһ
ԭҸôĲ࣬ڻǣܸһϸµֻĪˡ
Цң⣬ڰܸ֮ؽ˫һ硣
Ҳسڣ϶Ѵ֮
ɼҲյϢǾǧ֮Ϣݵĺܿ죬һʱ䣬ǡ
յϢʱҲһɬЩһǣڱҶ㷴ﶼǺʹ죬ҶѾԶԶĽ˦ˡ
Ӽңǿһ֮ɫܵϢǿ˵ȷʵһСĴ
ߣǻǣȽ˻򣬾ڣҪΪڼҵӾжô˲ڼҵһˡ
ǿΪҪǿ࣬һڻͻأʵ֪Ҫǿٱ
ڱչأƼҲٳϻյϢ˻ϲǡ
ҶԽԽǿƼȻϲҶǿߣƼҾͲˡ
Щ϶ѡڲ峤ڱչأС鶼ƴΪƶһֱĬ֪Щʲô
ĪյϢֻ΢΢һЦűչȥˣ·κ鶼ûжĹϵ
ףң
ҴضȲʱ˽ʩһ
֪崳˴ˣ
ʷһδĶ˵

ף嵽ʲô
㻹֪ʣղŴϷҶ֪ˣΪ㣬Ҷ㣬ڱҶˣ鴫ڼڼҵڻˣܳ裬˵Ǵ
ڼҵӸ߸ϣһ֧ܵߵĴһȴ顣
ָڻǱ飿
ʵ
⻹𡣡
Ҳңȥ磬߶꣬޳ȥҲ顣
̾ϢһŮ簮мӣЩƺûд˵飬һη
ף鲢ô⣡
Ÿ׽ͷöӣҲʮʹϾǣˣһڼҷɱֻһį̭
⣬ңʲôŽ⣡
ԼıŮ˵ˣЦһ
Ů
һ裬øŭ
˵ɣ
Ҳ֪ڹ˭ҲûãѾ뿪취ȡ
ף㣬ĸ˭ΪҪף
Լĸʵ
ڼһͨϣһΣڼݲ߲ͣ
ףǸ˽ˣѸߣտһӣԲϣͨڼңҲԵȥˡ
ԭҪڼңֶֻã˭СಡҪƾҵľڼҼã
֪һ⣬ǸΪŮ㿼ǹŮĸ𣬰Ҽ޸һϲˡ
˵ݣܶŮӶΪƷôǳ˽
ΪڼϹϵܸڼҳ˹ϵԻ˵ǰһ
ϳ֮ɫȷʵûпĸܡ
˵Щûˣ
ЩڣȷʵΪԼŮĺ
鲻ǸôӣȻ˻ȥˣΪĸʵһ˶ڼҵӣһԼ裬ڼĵλҲһǧɰɣĸ׶ˡ
һ
ûڼҾҪҼʮһ֪Ϣ϶ӣ϶ۣΪڼһЦ
¶ϲɫֻҪ˵ڼû֪
֮ż뿪鴫ڼңżϻȥһϢǰӦԸײõϢй¶Ȼй¶ϣûȥ׷
ŷԭżȥϢڼңǽϢȥߵʱ˵ĺݻֻǸԼӡ
˵ͷԼǼͿˣԼŮ
Ů鲢ô⡣
׿佱ԼջģΪ챻ɵŮˣǸˣҧгݡ
˵ҶɵŮˣʵ


717 
ԼŮϳһĨɫʣ׽ˣʵ
㶼֪ˣ
ЩŤȷʵˣȻ˳ΪɵŮˡ
㲻ϲС˰ɣ
ԼŮӣΪףƺЩʲô
¶ŭ֮ɫ϶ưոݣԼŮɵŮˣ˵ĲֹҶŶˡ
ƺûʲôŭ⣬ˡ
ôϲҺˣȻɵŮˣڼһÿ
Լţ˵ĺݻ
ˣҵŮһ˽⣬Ը񣬽챻ɵŮˣһˣƴˣǽȴʮƽΪ֪Ȼ㣬ʵˣȻҲ˵ղŵһ
ԼŮʮ˽⣬ֻҪҪʲôӲܾǸղŸ˵ȻҪܾΪƷ
Ҷ㣬ɵŮ֣ҲѣΪԼΪֻܳΪƷ
׻ԺɣȻὫϢ͸©ȥǿ϶ʹ˰ݣаڼҴȣʲôֽŻǿԵġ
⣬ɵŮȷʵˡ
˲ӦΪ˶ҲҪΪԼ
˼ά޶ۣ´Ϊű롣
˵ĶԣȷʵҲҪһ£
˵ͷ˵ûȻҽԼϢڼңϾʱ裬϶ˣһμȣһ취Ϊѻҡ
ףҲμӣ
ͻȻҪҪ򣬲μ
Ϊʲô
ƺԼŮˣһֱɵŮôͻȻˡ
ΪʲôҲԺһֱˣŮˣҲӦԼһЩһֱڸ׵ĺǻ֮¡
͵ĺˣһֱڸ׵Ӱ֮¡
㳤ˣ
̾Ϣһ飬ԼŮͻȻˡ
ΪǸҶΪȥɱǲ˺ˣ𡣡
ΪԼŮҪΪԼ
ŮôΪֻҪܲһӶҪױҡ
˶ţԽˣƫƫἰ
ʮΣգô򵥣ȥпΣգҲܴӦڼȫԡ
ܾ
ףŮѾˣѾչԼʹȻҲҵˣ븸׳ȫ
˵꣬˵ϡ
žǿŮĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ɣø׿һ£
̾ϢһƺһӲ˺ܶ࣬ԼŮͻȻˣǳο
ǸǴӦˣ
վС¶˷֮ɫ
ȻȥɣҺúÿǿǣ
̾ϢһȻȥ
ŮˣҲЪϢ
˸ףصԼԺӣ׼ŬȻЩ겻ôϾҲ۷塣
Ҷص岻һʱ䣬Ӱ¸ͯ׷׸Ӱ»һŮӣڻʶŮ
磬ǳͷˣСˣȻС
Ӱ´ŻЦݣҶż̫ˡ
㻹֪ʲô
ҶƳһӰ£ʵ
ʲô֪ˣڵӣҪҴСڻû˲֪ݰ
Ӱ´ޱȷɧһı飬ǵͯЦ
ߵ𣡡
ҶһӰµƨϣֱӷ˳ȥһĻߣ޺õԺǽֱ忪һȱڡ
ԺҪᣡ
ҶսţʼԺϤİ׵۳ӡ
磬ΪʲôҪңСҪг࣬ҪˣԷûκʧ
Ӱ´ί
˵һ䣬ƨɿŲţ
Ҷ׼ٴţӰܵûӰˡ
ҶˣӰ²ٿЦˣʵʵĴһԡ
Ӽҿʲô
ҶһϤӡӰ¸ͯʵ
һɣӼʵˣƺһı
Ӱִ˹ĳҶ˵
ʲôı
ҶֹͣϵĶʵ
յϢӼҲٵһһʲô󷨣ǶԸõģ
ӰЦı飬ʮ֣ص˵
е˼
Ҷûм׷ʣ󷨴ڻʱԸԼ
Ĳ򣿡
˾ܾҶʮֲ죬ٵȥ˾Ȼܾ
֪֮Ȼ⣬ֻǱϵģǵľ磬ȥҲǰװ
Ӱ˵ʵǾ̫ͣȥҲǰװ
ͯҲ˵ͷͬӰµ˵
ֲһξͽˣǲڽȥ
Ӱ¿ĺܿȵ絽ˣڽȥбϡ
Ҷ˵ͷľҶҲǸˣڽȥֱ
ʱһȥΪչصĹϵһƼ֣ͬЩŵӡ
ÿֻʮʮּңֻǰЩӲܽ롣
ΪӣҶ㲻뵢ʱ䣬԰׵۳ӡԽԽ̣ʩչҲǿʼʱʮɬ
ϲ࣬һ޴Ĺ㳡ÿŵӶۼڴ˴һǰ
ɫ㳡֮Ѿ˻ζ˵Ⱥ򲻼͸ϵˡ
Ҷ㣬׼ôˣ
̿ʼߴ٣ϵʱ̾͸ˣΪһҲ򣬴Ҷһǰ㳡
ˣϾͺã
ҶǰϼһװܵһЩװ̫ͼ޷սľ
ϲ쵽װҶ׵ӷ֮˳޳ͷһɫ˿˿ǳˬϿݣ̾Ȼʧһ¡
л𣿡
ͻȻʧҶζЦʵ
㻻һŮ·һҪЩŮƯˣ
̸Ҷϵ߽˺ܶ࣬ȻҶ㿪Ц
ҶһͷߣԼȻЩ벻ʧ֮̾ȻԼŮˡ
ʱ䲻ˣǸϽɣƳϹƵ˺ܾˣ
ҶϽ⣬뿪Ժӣۼȥ
ڼ䳡ʱѾۼʮߣЩƼҵӶҪǼѡľӢҲУһ֮ɫ
֪ҶʮָӣǼ˶Ҷıɱ֮ģҶڳɳȥ綼ҪԽ
Ҷôûʱ䲻ˣ
һϷɧ˶ˣͲ
ǿˣ
ۼ⣬Ҷ˲˹ʱá
ˣ˶ˣ׼
кһһ𳯼ȥһۼϳǹ㳡֮ϣһǰ


718 ֱ
ߵĹ̵УϿʼԸЩӣ֮ҪעЩʲô
ÿ϶Ӧ÷ֵСӣȷļ˹ڻһЩϸڣĹأǶס𡣡
ܴ󣬳ʵ
֪ˣ
ϡϡػصôЩ꣬ڳҶ֮⣬˶ᱳˡ
СͷˣҶҲϸϸĹĦһ¡
ʱΪһ£ϻǳ֮󣬵ǻ죬ʵһһ¸޷̤
ڱĹغܼ򵥣֮󣬻ͳһַƣԻֵʽն˭ǵһ
ԭʼ֣ɱһͷԼȵ޻֣һ֣磬һ֡
ǸԼһ磬Ƕʮ֣ҪǸ߳磬һٸ֡
ڻ໥ɱȡԷƵĿܣֻҪӶɹȻܻȡԷĻ֣Ӷγɵӵ
ҽǵɱô򵥣ôЩˣĻĳǲ̽ռĿ꣬Щ̽Ļʮ֮һεĻδ̤롣
Խ룬ȻҲԽ࣬ÿһζ˼ԴҪȥ
ǰЩ꣬ڻĳ֮Уһʱ䶯һʱ졣
һ˵˵õĳɵ֮󣬷ȥֱͻƾ磬Ϊһǿߣǳ֮࣬Ǵӻĳ֮ı
һ㣬ͣ˭Ҳ֪ᱻʲôطޱȾ޴󣬶ҪĳǣǷǳ֮ѡ
ΪڻĳܣкܶػЩ֮ԴǱĳǲֺҲǻһֱʡ
ԼĵĻĳ룬ػһ
Ϣ˽Ĳˣʮ˲֪Ҳ˹㳡֮ϣѵˡ
ƼҲǼ֮⣬壬ֱɸԵļ졣
ôô
Ƽҵ˻嶼ЩѾͣϾǿʱ䡣
ʱ仹ü
ƿһʱ䣬ЦǺǵ˵
ҶվԭأͻȻоĿͬʱмǲ⣬Ҷ㲻Ѳ²˭һĿ⣬Ҷ͸
תͷҶ㳯ҿȥһϤӰӣҶ㿴ջĿ⡣
Ҳμ
Ҷһͷˮĵϸ͵һʲôϲ
ЩʮƽҪ޵ڼңЩҶ֪ȻҲɵŮˡ
ȻҶûֱӵɵŮȷʵ˲ӦֻΪ˶ʱΪԼ
ڴˣһҲԵ͸ܴȻ֪ҶָѡĸһȻɵŮˣΪ˼壬Լ
ҶյϢμͻȻ֣ҶȷʵоһͷˮҡҡͷҲȥˡ
ĿֱӼǱߴ
ƺûʲô˼
ղԼŮı۵ףҶֻǴҴһƳ񴿾һˮûκʣһ˿֮ɫռ֮顣
ڻǣòûҶҲһЩ֮ӣңһĨռ
˵ʲôأ
Щ˼ȷʵҲҶ䵭κθ顣
ǵҸĻһΣգͼöȻҶ޷㣡
ֲԼŮӦΪһöľԼʮԪΪ˱֤ڻ֮аȫĴ
˵ͷһθΪȷʵ˲١
ʱˣǸϽǰɣ
Щͷˣкһм˺ƺƵ뿪ǣڲһɽӿڡ
һʱ·ڿɽ壬ȴڻ֮ڵȺʱ
ǣǣϳǵô
ֱһ㶣ǻμӣһǼǵ˷׷ǰΪ
ΪγôĹӣ
ʶ鲻ЩһۼѵҲ
੣϶þòÿͻһα緢ǰ꣬ǹҲȥմ֡
ȷʵôһÿ꣬ͻᴫһЩǼǼ¡
ǻǸϳҲҪһˡ
ɼҲˣĲȻҪ֡
û򲢲ǻǶУҲҪһ
Ҽʱ˵Ȼƽǳ
໥ԿһۣƺԲߣһӿôˣԻͻǳ
У巢ֵģӦǿƾʲôҪμӣ
ȷǻȷֵģҵڣһֱϮ񣬽ȴҪĹأǿʼ
꣬Ҳôǰ
в˵Ĳ㣬ǵ˽ȥΪܰȫĽȥ𣡡
ϳǵǰ˵ˣǽȥ˭Ҳ
ҲҪˣôҲ̽ⲻ꣬ǽȥҲܽȫӶһգǵĵ̫ˡ
УϣϽһ£ı˭á
˵ĶԣȥҲûãϽһԲߣ
ͣΪȥû壬˺˵Ҷˮһա
ʲô
곯λʵҪ
ڻѡӦ˭޷򡣡
ӼɲϣνΪӼҿɷѿġ
˵Ҳһλᣬ̫ˣÿλĥһõǳɳаǸѡȵӣԽڼҵĻ϶Ӳٵķ
Ҳʼͬ⣬ΪģΪҪɱ¾֮
Ƽʲô˼
ʱƼʵ
û
ƾȻӦʮʹ죬һܷƼ죬ȻλᣬƼҳװľ
ĪңĪҵĴ𸴸ƼҲ࣬󣬽벻ûʲôӰ죬ǼҪչҪϵǰ
Ƕͬˣ
Ŵҵı飬ͬˡ
˳Ĭ˼ԣһĻ
ͬһͬǰһ֮󣬲׼໥ɱͬѰұǿɷܴӦ
ʱ˵
İɣƣ˭ܵ໥ɱˡ
ǵżҼվЦеһշ˭֪ǸЦ滢ɱ˲գۡ
ʵ֪Ҫȥˣһ໥ɱ϶⡣
ڻҲ治ˣҪˣ㻹˳
Ҳֻ֪ϣ໥Լһ¶ѡ
һεĻ㲻ܽȥ
ջĿ⣬ĳߵ˵


719 ε
һβͬ꣬Ӽңڵľ磬òһò˶ϣԱ
һȫҲбϣϧ֮һжͣ˭Ҳ֪˴˱͵ʲôط
ֻܵӦ֮ϣһĳ֮С
ŮȥҲһֱڸ׵Ӱ֮£
ܾˣЩҪԼȥԡ
֪ڽȥˣԼ
ЩˣŮ⼸仯̫ˣ˵Ӳ⼸üΡ
֪ҸӦýȥֻпһأܳ׳ɳ
˼ԣֻоһأĳܲһס
úúã׵ĻΥˣȻҪȥҲ㣬κ飬Լ𣡡
һ˦䣬ŭ壬Ȼǳ
İɣһᱣʦ㣡
ЩӶ˸ղŵ̸ʱٵӷ׷׸ͣᱣڻΣա
ЩӵĻشɫԺÿЩ
λǰ䷢ƣ
ȲˣȻҪչǼҲҪء
ֳֻƲܽȥʱ־ͼ¼֮ϣ֪˭ܻõһ
ֱó׼õƣҺÿ㹻࣬ϹǸԼϳǵЩ굹Ҳˡ
һöƷɵҶӨ͸дһ֣˼֣ȵɱ֮󣬾ͻʾ֡
ʱˣ׼ɣ
ÿ궼ʱҶ֪أֱɽмȥǻڡ
һƴĿĹ֣ôϴͶɽ봦ǰһʹΡ
ŹһŻҲһ޻ǣϵĹš
νȥҪÿ˽ȥص㶼һ
˼귢չĹشʮһŽȥ
ȽȥĻĵӣֱ˽롣
ҶҲżĵԭأƳһ۹ǸǻϳǷǾһô򵥡
һԴսв˻ɥ˴
ڳߵĲˣǻлǵ˷ֱ롣
Ҷ㣬Ҳȥɣ
Ƽֻʣ̸Ҷ㻹δ룬˷׷׽
߰ɣ
Ŵ󲿷ֶȥˣҶҲٶ׼롣
Ҷ㣬Ұһ飡
ҶҪ룬һ
תԴȻҶ㴫
һ飿
Ҷһɻ֮ɫ
չ˺ڻ֮УܰﵽֻˣΣգֻҪȫĻųɡ
ƺҶ㣬һȻҪҶ
ʱ̶ΣգҲұ֤
Ҷȷʵұ֤Ҳʲôŵ
ֻҪ㾡ΪУϣ㲻Ҫֻֿиһ𣬲ȫġ
ӸղҶ֮Ͷ϶û˱ҶʺΪҶ㴿࣬´ӲΥģݼˡ
ҲܴӦ㣬һᾡȥ
Ҷ˵ĺף׵ĴӦĳ飬һӦˣҶͻ޷˵ȥ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ׼
֪ΪҪμΪ㣬Ϊϲˣ
Ҷ̤εһ̣𣬿ϧҶʧ֮С
һᣬҶ·𱻾ʲô֮У岻Լƣֻʱ䣬Ҷ֮б˳
֮Ҷüͷ΢Ƕλ
ϲˣ
ĸҶԺ֮вϻ룬֮ȥΪŲμӵҶ˼
ˣΪԼҶεбһΣȻǱģҶȴѲ
ǸɵŮˣ
ҶЦһٴһ䣬ϧûΪҶ㱻͵һɳĮ֮ϣܶһɳ
ӦǵͼϱǵħƽɳȴɱȻҲΪħ
ҶóͼЩͼ궼Щӽ֮󣬳ȥһƳģԷ˽·
յգҶоܵ¶ԽԽߣ߳ܵļޣҪȻǻҪǿһ
ǿߣܵ취򣬸ı䷨趨ʱ䣬ķǻ죬Ҫ
ȵϿռ䷨ޱȼ̣Ҷжǳѣֻͽߣϵ·ͱʪ͸
֮£Ҷʩչˣܳ˴ˮոֵĺͱ
ãɳз֣
ǰɳӿҶ㰵һɳзֵĳ
һɳĮ֮еһзӣ֣ϲȺӣǸͷ󣬵Ӵһ߶Ըǡ
ʱ䣬һȺڵɳзҶǰֻ֮࣬飬Բǧ׾롣
ֲܷУռ̣Щɳзо綾һ֭䵽ҲҪ޵
ԭÿʷǳ֮ߣôɳзһؿ϶֮أͷᱻɳзʳ
ŵľζЩɳз֨֨ǵһɺɫĭЩǶ֭һմһ㣬ͻãж
֮ϣЩɳմ˺ɫҺ֮󣬾Ȼɺɫⶾ̫ǿˡ
ɳзԽԽŨŨѪ֮Ҷŵ̱ǵζЩǶЧӦ
ɱ¾֮УӴɳззӡ϶С
ӡֻĳһɳзܣзӡ޷ȫѹֻɱ¾֮
ɱ
ŷֽչ¶һȥɳзһƬ
Щɳзһأж֭ΪΪħ
Ȼ֮䣡
Щɳз֮ðһŽ⣬ӿҶĻУ쵽öһϵ֡
һն£ɱʮͷɳзҶ϶ʮ֡
ɱԼ磬ǻһ֡
ҶأҪɳз߳ü磬õһַǳˡ
Ѫ̼˺ЩɳзʼĳҶ˹֭ڿз裬һҶ˹
ǧ
ҶֱһһǽˣеĶ֭
ͣ
֭䵽˱ǽ֮ϣǹ˲䱻ʴˣΪһѺɫѪˮ֮¡
ǿĸʴԣ
ҶҲǰľЩɳзǺǿĶȴǿ
Ҵ⣬ɱ¾֮ͻȻ˳ȥΪǧɽͬʱն¡
͡
һֻֻɳзڽ֮£ȫһɱ
ָӡɱ¾֮źһɳз
Ҷ֮е֣ʮ˼ٻ֣ڲϵ
ڻһ࣬һɫ֮ûżɱޣҵһгöɫĵҩ
Ҷ㣬ֻҪͻأڣ
ԭǿ֮󣬴ƽ𵤵ͻؾϼӣһ׷ɱҶ㡣


720 ħ
գҶʩչаħ˳ЩɳзϽ˵֮С
̶ʱ䣬Ҷϵֵӵһǧ֣ӵǳ֮졣
Щ֭ݺύҪ䵽Ҷϡ
ñԪܣϵĵֵ֭ĹʱûʲôΣգϾɳзȻֲǾޣֻǶ֭Ƚ
ñ֭ܽ赲⣬ҶûκΣգɱ¾֮ɱУɳзڲϵӡ
ɳзƺоΣʼȥǰֲ̫رǱɺɫĳÿһƽиһֻɳзĲӡ
ԶЩɳзٵȥܿɳ棬ʧżǧͷɳз
ܵĵͦ죡
ʣɳзߣҶջɱ¾֮һƣһɱǧֻɳз
ÿһֻɳзƴСôССһֻɳзɱһظ֣Ŀ¡
ûҶҶҪ뿪ħвҶĲɳзɳĮֲ֮޲ħİ
ħ֮Уǵʮһжܿͻ֣óأʤ
ʮֽƻ½սһлᣬͻɳ棬׵ɱࡣ
ÿ괫͵ħЩŵӣʮһ֪ħĿ̶ֲȡ
ûͣҶ뿪˵أղŸɳзһ֣ɲСĶҲѾҪԶ˵ء
ʲô
ҵĽţҵĽţ
ô£Ϊҳɳ棡
Ҷ뿪ãǰҽңܴ֮ԶҶһ
ȻϮ
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ҡ
ԶӣʱͷϮһһ³£ÿҶ㣬˫֣Ҷȡ
ҡҡͷҶһ֮ɫȣʱȥҲɣһ£ǿҲ
һԾҶ뿪˵أΣʱ̷ҶߵС
ԶĲҽѾֹͣѾɵˣϲŰ֮࣬һʳ
Ȼ䣡
ǰɫ籩գնڵסˣ赲ǰߡ
ãħ
Ҷ㰵һħÿ춼һħޱȣǿ쫷ܸ˴ɣ쫷˺壬ûڵħҪҪֲ
Ʈ
ҶͻȻΪһ磬ʧԭأߣⱻħϮ
ħٶȷǳ֮죬֮ɳȫЩѰɳзɵʧһɶ
ֻһЩǿֲǵĸħ⳾Ϯ
Ҷ󣬷·һ޴ĺˣԽԽ
֮£Ҷ㽫ٶȴ˼£Ҳֱ治巽ǰҪôħܴ
䣡
ӳ֮У֮⳾澹Ȼд׵磬
ڳҪ׷ҶʱڲԶһбڶԫǰ޽һǽҲǵħ
ಣ
ҶʧԭأбڶԫٸȥٵĳҲҪ׷Ҷ㣬ҶоԼƤԽԽ
ԼоԼƤҪѿ⳾̫һͳѷ죬˺壬ҺҶ㹻ǿ
ڳҪӴҶ壬һҶбں棬ɳͷ֮ϷɹһƬĩ١
һƬڰҶֲָֻоҵĺͷ֮Ϸɹ
ħСʱʱ䣬ŻȥҶоԼıǻ涼ǻɳҺѷ٣ɳϮ
ȵȥܾʼָҶŷ֣߻ſһˣʱӶڻɳ֮¡
ҲŷҶ㣬˶ϵɳӣɳ˳һľ֮ɫҶӡ֮УӦϳҵˡ
ڣ̨֪ôƺ
֮ҽһ
Ҷ㣡
ҲǱ͵ħİɣ֪ʲôط𡣡
ƺ·ˣղŻŲ·ܵ֪
Ҷóͼϸһ£Ѿƫ˹ĳԽԽԶҪץʱ뿪
ûǶԷҶѡ˷򣬿ʼ·Ҫ뿪һϵڶħ뿪ķǳ֮ˡ
Ҳû⣬תҶĵͼһۣ֪Щʲô
ͼֻӲУڹǸԼϳǸûеͼĸɱĵӣܻȡͼ
Ҷ֣֪ĸĵӣ
ڸҶʵ
Ƽң
ҶӡǺܺã֮УҶ㿴˽
Ƽյӣ
һ㶣ĹҲİԹյһֱܴյӲμ
˵ͷҶûתٸ·ٶԽԽ죬ڽϣ¶ֱ顣
һᱻҶٶ𾪣һ׽Ҷôյӵݽֱڵϸ֡
ˣ
Ҷ˲һʱ䣬ҶͻȻһˣ弱ٺˣһֲ㱻Ҷײɡ
һ޴ɳӳ֣ҶղŴһ޴ɳӣɳ棬һֱӴˣղҶڷӦһ㣬ƾͻɳ֮¡

Ҳһħ֮УԸľû뵽һֻͻӴ󣬹ǳﵽ۷壬ӽء
޲ܰླ绮֣ǿ󣬶ħĵ̣սǳ
꣬꣡
Ҷֳһɳӣһͷ֣ȻһһۣҶԭء
ˣȻͷ
¶֮ɫսս˵
Ҷɨһۣ¶֮ɫڣɱ¾֮ǰֻһ·취ȥһ˶ս϶޷սʤֻ취뿪
Ȼʮǿ󣬵ٶǵҶֻҪǵĹܰȫ뿪ǰǲɳ֮¡
һɳٶȾܷӳ½ϣѸ١
ն
ҶһǰնҲ˸ԶԸһֻ
ϣ
Ҷĳ֮ҶоԼĻڷ飬ʹէһȻˡ
ǿ
Ҷ㳹ˣҶһȥƲķ˵Ȼ޷ֺ
һҶٴιΣҪ忪һ·ܰȫĻųȥ


721 
ʱѾûκˣܵɳԽԽ࣬һȥѰϮ
ĽǵأиĿռ죬Ϊռ䷨ޱȼ̣ҶĽ澹Ȼ޷ƿռ
ϣ
һƥĽն֮ϣһ𻨡
һİӡۼ֮ϣδһƿƤ
һ࣬׽⣬ԴȻ޲ߣϵغˣܿ˵Ҷ㲻Զ
Ҷ㣬ҿ첻ˣѵǶҪ𡣡
һߵֵغȻϣô
죡
Ҷһ
Ҷһǳ⣬¶ŭ⣬ȻһյӸǳˣһ
ϣ
ͻȻһгҶ㷴ȥ˴
Ҷ㣬Բˣһܱã
֮ڿлһԲŲ˴ĺ棬ȥҶ˴ֻϮ
޳ܣ
ѾĸҶķŭˣھȻӲ˵Ҷڳߡ
Ҷ޿ɱܣղűڷһ嵽ǰڴסҶ·Ǹܻ
һ
ǣһͷ˻лߣһͷҪȫ뿪ǳ֮ѡ
ҵϵɳԽԽ࣬Ҷ㼸վȣΪܷУֻƮϵֹݡ

벻ãһҽӲԶ
Ҷ㣬ң
Ҷ֮⣬һɳӳ֣һͷͲӴһҧסڵ˫ȣɳ档
Ƕж񱨣
Ҷ㶼ûпһֱۣѰ·ƬɳĮҳ϶֮ء
һ֣ҪҶ㿾졣
Ҷֻɱ¾ֵ֮ʩչзӡֱѰ·
зӡǿѹ֮һʩչͻӿɳ³ٶȣѹסҶҲɳ֮¡
ѵûа취𣡡
Ҷ㽹ͷöķֲ̫ɱ¾֮ȻֻƿһӣѪҶԽսԽ
⣡
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ѵҪڴ𣿡
ҶһЦͷҶ޲ߣֶʮͷҶĸо
ɱ¾֮콣󣬽ΧЩ赲⣬ⱻͻΧҶ㻹л͵ء
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Ҷ֪ˣΪλ֮Уزܽ룬ֻ²ܽ
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񣬳֣
ҶͻȻ˳һȻһ
ؾһֳ֮ɱǣסһͷҶڳʱ䡣
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Ƶն
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꣡
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໡
۵ֱУ⳹׵Ĵ̼Ѫ֮ĳҶ棬ҪҶս
ԶЩҲܵѪȵζӿҶľԽԽС𽥱ռݡ
Ҷĵ񲻻Уħ㣬ǿԽħ󷨣γɷӰƶ壬ǲһհ衣
˫Ѿ£ʩչ߱ʽȻõѹƣղ
ʮӦҪҶ㿾죬Ԫֲ֧˶ãһ֣ͱڻ
ħĵԪأֲܲ䣬Ҷоֿݽߵ
ͣ
һҶܲ·һǱȼˣæʩչϨ
һĸܵУǰ󣬶ܶһ޴ɳγɣҶоԼһݣٹɳ棬ϵڿӣҶȥ
Ҫ𣿡
ҶͻȻоһУԼô似ǿħű䣬ʮͷȻ޲ߡ
ŵһ죬ҶΣΣ˵Ԥϡ
ܵĲֹҶ㣬ʱ̶
ôΪô޳֣
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֪ˣ֪ˣ
һЦƺ֪Ϊһ֮ࡣ
Ϊбǰһε޳ȻҲ֣ΣҪκһζҪҡ
˵꣬޿ʳ壬
˵ûһΣĳǿ϶б֣ǰʱ䣬ЩҲᱩһΣ񹥻ࡣ
κζศɣȻ˵ģȻ趨˹ء
һƬƽԭ֮ϣһĿһƣһͷͷǣҪ˵ء
Īʦ֣ǿֲ֧סˣסͷǣ취뿪ɣֻҪڣĪҲܼչȥ
ֳ˫ƵȻĪÿһ£һͷ֮¡
Ҫһߣ
Īֻ֣Ҳ˫컯γһֻµľƣ£ʮͷľ֮¡
ߣ
Īһ忪һѪ·˿ٵ뿪ԶȥвٰǼ׷
ϳĪ֮⣬˷׷׹ҲʣĪǿѾˡ
лĪʦֵľ֮
Ȼͬڵӣڻ򣬾ͬڵ໥ɱ鷢
뿪˵أһƺ죬ǶҪСġ
Īһž޲ӣż˷뿪
ٵĶͬԽԽ࣬ڷӡ
һνнӽˣϹǣǻϳǣһǧҡ
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һεɽһɿµϢ֡

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ҶͻȻͷһ·ڶղŸӦһŨҵɱڤڤеˣҶܸӦһЩʲô
ʱѾ˼ɲôˣΪһ³ЩǳԸҶ潻֡
õ֮Ҷ㷽Բ֮ڳһ޴ɳӣȴҶԼȥ
Ҷ˫ſʼһ³ɳʮͷצһſɺڣֻҪҶ£ͻᱻɱ
˫ۣҶʱѾûκΰ취ˣĸһȥ
Ȼ֮䣡
һ֣ҶоԼͻȻʲô棬һζ


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723 ߲ç
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һƬƬ߲ۼ״Ϸڿз裬һҶͷ֮ϣγһӰӰ߲ç
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ûʲôޱС׸Ŀռ֮ʱ߲çı߲ͨǣɥʧǡ
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˶ڻҶ㲻֪ıߡ


724 
Ҷĸĸһһĳǰֱſ˫ۣҪӵҶ㡣
ҶҪԼĸ׵ʱͻ䣬һͷ߲çˣſɺڣһԼĸס
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727 ɱɱɱ
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729 ֮ŭ
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סİɫСףҶķԸС׳ȥѰʳ˭֪·ϱݽԭأ޷ѳȥ
һҾͲѱ
ͼô޺ƸǣСף취սС
ֻҪСˣһоͺð죬ܶ޶ͨķѱġ
𣡡
С׿ʼԽԽʼսС׵棬˿˿Ѫ֣Ⱦ˰ɫëƤ
СҲ£ѱѪһƬСӣ˶¶ЦСԽǾԽշ
Ҷ㼲֮Уղһ޺ҶѾֱС״ģƮʩչ˼£ȻܷУҶٶǣ룬Ҳʮʱ䡣
ȥͨٲӦֻýɱˣ
Ҳûм˾ǿޣ϶ѪǣȻҪսС׵Ĺͷȥ
һ˼ͷҲһش˺ѱҲûж˼ԺɳҲޡ
С״ŴƺûжˣٶԽԽͨ죬˵С׿϶ˣϧ屻εĿסˡ
ٲӦǽūԼݹˣ
޺ƷŭХС׻꺣ը졣

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󣬼Ȼˣֻýɱˣȡ֣
޺Ҳû뵽ͷֻܽɱˣӶȡ֡
Ҳ޲ߣС׾ѳûа취ɱ
ȻǾͳȫ㣡
ͼʼսѪС׵ȫ뵽С׵档

ҪСʱһɫ֣޴ƣͬʱȥа֮ɢŭ⡣
ⲻܣ
Ũҵ֮˴󾪣˲СףæΪͬʱ
䣡
ͬʱֱܳȥͼƵҲֶ
£һӰ£һɳɱû񷡣
ʧΪһ޸صҶղųֵӰҶ㣬ܵı仯ɱֱӳ֣Ϊˡ
֮ҶС׿ȥû΢΢·Щ˿ԼһСʹҶһʹ

ҶͻȻ֮ԶԶڵҹڵأ޷̧ͷ
ΪʲôΪʲô
Ҷ㲻ףС׺δ֮УȻ˲пķʽɱС׻Ҫһǧ
𣡡
ҶǰС׹˲ϵƣҲһŭһһޣ໥˻ӱ˴˵֮У˱ߣ˷ŭɱ
ͣ
Ҷ㳤Сϵնϣ۷嶼޷ƿȻҶƿΪƬ
Сֱ֮˵ϣʧѪֻ־֧֣Ҷ㼰ʱϵѾһʬ塣
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Ҷóܶ۷ڵڵͼд޺۽ǳ˳飬Ҷ̫ˣȻڵιСס
õҩ֧֣ڵľСϵƵõֹֻҪָܸܿԭ
һУҶ㻺վɨһۣȻɺ֮ɫ
Сˣ
Ҷ㲻ѯʣʡ
СףֲȱһͷΪǿˣ
ͼʮŭԼȻҶˣҪŭҶȷˣѯʡ
Ҳ䣬Сֺͷ䣬ǾһȺ
Ҷŭ˼£ϵɱ¾֮ԽԽأʼݱ
ȻҸô˵֪˭
ҲҶŭҲû뵽С׾ȻˣҶղŶС׵ĶҶӦС׵ˡ
˭Ҳ֪ҿԸǣһǻһʬ壬˵ˡ
ҶԽԽ䣬һ˿棬ܵԽԽ֤ͣҶڽ˱㡣
ƾҲɱǣǿЦ
ͼʮֿЦҶ㲻سڣȻҴԲѵҪɱ˿嶦ľţд޺ƻسڡ
ܿЦ𣿡
ڻЦЦЦһûлˣ
ɱ¾֮²ϢɺɫĽâʼ˸ɭĹâҪѪҺѪרѪ
ҳЦܺЦǽˣ壬ǵһˣ˭춼Ҫ
ΪҶ⣬ܶȻʶҲֻ֪֪ˣ˺ȻҲʶҶ㣬Ҷ֣ǶûмֻҪ֣Ǹ֪վǰľҶ㡣
ҺңΪǵĵһˣҲɱǵĵһˣ
ҶЦɱ¾֮âԽԽʢסҶ˫ۣŨҵϢܵҲڽ˼ޡ
Ȼ½ҶĳˣһĨй⡭


730 ħ
Ҷɱ˱㣬ƺܶռ䣬Ƿ֮ŭҶͷų
ɱ¾֮ԥĳˣһĨй⣬ݺݵĳŭն£磬Ũҵɱ¾ֵ֮Ұһĳǰɱȥ
ŭŭŭ
÷ŭҲݲҶʱ飬СľˣûСףҶΡ
һڻԭϮڶħһβ߲çĻ
û⼸ξ֮С׸Ҷһ𳤴˸ʮĲҾʹҶҲĹˡ
Ҳû뵽Ҷ˵ֱӳ֣ҿֲƷǳ£Ӧͱһֲ
Ϊ㲻ɣ
˶֮ӣֱܵӳ֣ضûС
Ҫ£ΪҪ
ɢƣ𽣷ʩչຣˮһ˸߹һˣĳûȥ

ĵаħˣܵĿռһƬ·ҪûŨħʮֲ
ɫΪ۸
һŭгһĲӣһĨոһ㡣
óֲףҪոףһݱ˱
Ҳǳĳ㣬ܶһֱʳȻܻ⼢УǺܶȥա
ͨʳ̫࣬޷ߵչһٺһ
ͬǴĴףñȻƽһ㣬溬о߳ȥûл
ڶ̶̼ʮĹ򣬾ͷչһ壬ֲкܴĹϵ
˶ֲֻ̣һɽ˺õס
һ趯ҶĲӺɨޱȣȻҶĲӵף׼ո
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һ趯ɱ¾֮һΪһ泯Ӻɨȥ
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һĽֱӱɳȥһˣȻҶ糱ˮһƷɳȥ
ԭأеܲˣΪҶ˾޴һоͽɡ
ͼʧȥгһ˳ǹһ䣬ǹǹ̵̫ÿռ䷢
յĻǴ޺ƣֳһУǳֻ̣֮а֮Уʺϰɱ߽սʮΡ
ʹöеˣй˵ı죬˵ʮֽ޺ƾˣ
γлǹҪƿҶķΪ޺ڳᣬһ
ɱҶ䣬ɱûм٣øӱꡣ
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񣬸ҳ֣
зӡҶΪɱﵣһʱ򲻻׵Ķã֣ˣ֮ӣʵͬСɡ
رǴ޺ƣһֻӰɱ֣ʱܸҶһҶ㲻òСġ
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ֻһ֣ɱͼնȥҶӭ˴޺ƣȻԷϲսҶ档
Ҷ֮һ䣬Ҳ˹ܿ챻סˣһж
߱ʽϵı仯ѹƵ˸޷ѹôãһֱҪͷųŨҵ֮ݱɷħӳϡ
˵ǣƣҶĿռӣֳɱһ޺ƵҼȥޱȣ˵ٶȶ
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жһУֱӽɱ¾֮ҶҲǸоֱһԷǳǿ󣬾ȻԼսһƽ֡
𾪵ĲҶ㣬Ǵ޺ƣղһǶֻ߳ǽƫǽҶƷɣǾ衣
Ҷޱϲֻɱ¾֮ٴθı䷽򣬷Ʒγ޺ƹ򣬶ɱ¾֮Ӱӡ
ݣ
ô޺ƲϵܣҶĽ̫ˣǾŷֽ⣬ﵽ˾ŷֽĴԲ
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Ļƻ裬£ٵĽ࣬Ҷ㴵ĺŽǣ׼ոһаꡣ
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͡
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ͣ
һܲ޺Ƶұ۱һƽУѪ
Ϊκβ㲻ССأȻң
޺ƴŭͻȻٴζһǶУһ˴󵶣ĳңǳ޴

һɨܵĽƷ˳ȥ޺䣬ұϵ˿ڣһֳ裬ȻԼϸˡ
ҵģҾ֮أ
޺ɫֳ־޵򲻵ѣԲʹô˵
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Σ޺ƾԲᶯãڵʱ̣Ҫóħ
Ҷô޺ʮֱȥ綼ᱻҶƵ÷衣
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˭ͷųˣŨľ
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ħ֣ħϵħԽԽŨûܵĿռ䡣
֪أֻҪɱԸʮԼһѪΪۡ
޺ҧҧֻҪɱҶ㣬һжֵˣʮ˻ȥһЩĵرԼһЩٵĵҩܲ
һѪҪѪ޼Ȼ̻񣬵ɷֵҩʮϡ١
ԽԽûгϢˣɱһϰɫҪûħͷ
ħʮֲмȻܵõʮһѪƺġ


731 ħ
ħ֣Ҷüͷ΢΢ΪܵһӴѹ
ֻҪħɱľӶõľѡ
޺ѭѭգħЩ겻ϵĲʳȻõħİǴ޺Ҳʧܶࡣ
˵ûұӡħ֮֮ãȷʵҪľСϾ㣬ܳһҾΪһ֣ӶˣѪ١
ħʮ⣬ڵҶɨһۣʮ˵
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޺ʮָˣֻҪӶһжֵˣԴԺ취ȡ
СӣҿŨҸһᣬԲǰħ֮
ħʮ̶ִЯħҶϯ
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Ҷ㻹һı飬κ鶼޷ҶԵõһ˿ҡ
Ȼ㲻˵Ҿħѻ󷨣ҾͲѲҪϢ
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Ҳл겻ܳʱ䴦ڿռ֮УҪҵ壬Լ棬ñȰиŮһûǬ
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ͨЩҶĴħɱ¾֮û̫ãֻҪԼմħûжΣա
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վħߵĴ޺䣬ҶԽǿ͸ɱ֣ħ֣޷κҶ㡣
һħҲˣȻˣҾͽһħʢ磡
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Сӣб¸ҵ𣡡
ҶԽԽԶħ֪Ҷ㷢ʲôֻʣһƲл꣬һɱǧؾߡ
б͹ɱҰ
Ҷ¶֮ɫԶ϶ħͷħ棬һ뿪á
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ұ죬ˣһΪӣҸħ
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ǵһܾħˣȻˣֻʩչħ󷨣˺ѣΪԶҾûа취
ħҶ㼤ŭħίҶΪӣȻҶһھܾһ衣
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ҶȻô˵ȫһ˿Ĵ⣬﷭ԷϾǿߣʣһƲл꣬ҲǲС
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ħϲħħֳ֮Ϊħ棬ʮҪϲʳ裬һħ壬ܿͻʳе衣
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͡
пռ䣬Ȼ޷նħ棬ħʮϮԼֽ⡣
磬ħ治ýƿµľǺúħ档
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ħԽԽҶ᧿Σһħ棬ֻܱʳ衣
ħʮֲֿղŻǼ֮ܿзֽÿһֻͷ˿ϸָ̣ħڸ֮£ۺѿ
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Ҷ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫС׼ʱѣ϶ⶾ֣СٴξҶһ


732 ūԼ
ǧһ֮ʣС׼ʱҶ㣬ħҲһֻ֣ʮϡ٣Ѳɼħϲޡ
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ֻҪõѪҺܲϵķֳڶ̶һʱʱ䣬ֳܷǧֻ߳Ҳһһʼʳ裬ֳٶȷǳֲ
ҶܱһǣЩ֮߳ȫһ𣬺֮ܿϣʼ˲仯ΪһѰ˪ıˡ
Լǧħ涼Ҷɱħ۴У޷뿪ħֻĿħʧһɶ
СӣҪɱ㣬ȻҼǧѪ
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ҪɱңҪɱңҿһħֻҪϷŹңҿԴӦκ飬ҿ԰һͳħ壬ħ񹦣֪ܶطбֻҪܷŹңЩĵصҶԸ㡣
ħˣûʲôȻҪˣ⼸ǧŬȫ
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Ϊ޺Ƶ屻׵۳ӡѹԭأ޷һ屻ҶֱƿһΪ
Զսͼŵûһ£޺ƶҶɱˣǸ

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оԼĻҪɢˣħˣͲġ
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ߣ϶һһˮҶ㼫ΪԱҪǩūԼ
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ֻѵһη׸㣬Ҳôѿԡ
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ԼǰҶ϶һӣҶһʧˣħ֮С
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һӼҵӴ˵
ħ֮Уʱһͼ֣Ҷ壬ıס塣

ͻȻһУоһ˫ֽıסҶĺ󱳣ʮָҶ֮ϣʮָӡ


737 Ī
ʮʹӣҶŻٶȣ䶯˾һоʱš
ӿʼ崫ʹ飬ʹʧȡ֮ǻһ㡣
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶķſһࡣ
Ҷ磬л㣡
ϵ糺ȫȥҶĻҶĽʵš
İɣҲṼģ
Ҷָ˿˵
ҶĳŵЦˣЦʮֿģƤҶˣ
Ҷ磬˵˵𣿡
СҶϲϵζƤ֮ɫҶʵ

Ҷ¶Ϊ֮ɫݣ֪Լĵϸ˲ˣֻն֪ħ
̻ӰԼͯ
ǲǺΪѣ˵Ͳ˵ˣҲΪģ
Ҷ¶Ϊ֮ɫСĸҶգҶΪѡ
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СֶסҶ죬ȻҶ㲻˵ͲȥʣֻҪܸҶһԡ
ӣҶĽڻ˺ֹܿһ
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üŮ֪ˣҶν͡
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ҸղŹ۲һ£ⲻǲһֺȱģһѪ޷ʱǲܹһЩ
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Ҷ֪˭ǰʱ٣ֻǴʮ꿪ʼʮ֮ǰ֪ʱѾĵؽ֮С
ĸʶ˵ǳʥȵ½Ҷӵĸ׸ĸףҶۣκ˲ôΪҶҪػ飬ȻҲݣѰԼĸס
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ҵյϢҪɱ֮󣬺ԥ׷ɱҺֲҵӣŽ
ʦ֣ħô£Ϊħ֡
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壬һҲЩ໥ȻͺʹһЩֶΡ
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ߣǲ֪ôȻҶ䵽Ϊħĵزݹ飬һϣħ
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ĪѵҪԤ֮顣
վӣҸżҵӶ¶ɵ֮ɫǰɲܵġ


738 ħ
û뵽ĪҲڸʱվֹܴĪֹڻϳǻлǣλͬһ㡣
ҲԤ֮飬ĳǿڼ֮໥ɱһˣһֽȥ룬ҶǴˣͲҪҵ˰ɣ
ĪĻ˵ĺתһǧˣֻʣһң˺ܶˣ˶ޣҪĳǸϼѡ
ĪĻǵȻҲأǲ໥ɱħֻҪħԼԲãǿԼ̡
ҼþգĪΪУҪǷħʮޣһһ
Īüͷһ壬Ҳħ״Ӻζ˭Ҳ֪ħɢԹаڳһħߣƺԸ⽫
֣ܷħӺζ𣿡
ĪϣһУֻҪħһжƽϢĪӣҲóȻ֡
Īּ£ħѷƴҲὫɱҡ
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ҼӼĪÿҪе
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Ī󿴳Ѵº͵ʵ
ĪֵĺˣĳĪֽҵʬؼ塣
˵ĺܾϵĶδɾԪȫĵҵҲûиϹľء
ĪͲҪȰˣħԶħ壬ȰȥҲ棡
ҵӵȵĲͷˣǰĪͳˣɱ

Ī̾ϢһڽѣԻ˵Ҳһ裬ֹҪʲôֹڰٿĪ磬ֲԸϣֻܽܡ
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Ī󶼲ܽȰʮҵӸżҵһ߳
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ҶɨһܣһЦ漴˹ȥղŵ飬Ҷɽ֪ˡ
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ҲҪԻֻǻһЩѣһٱϣûκá
һǲϷ鷢ˣҲҪɱûк·
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ʼĪΪҸżǴħţԭҪնɱĿġ
ҵһҶûֹⳡԹ綼ҪûԹƾǰһЩˣһżҵӶΧԼ鷢ҶҲŹǡ
ɱ¾֮ˣ
Ҷó֣ҵɱ¾֮ɱǡ
ʱۼˣҶ㲻뱩©Լĵߣ֮Уʱ̳Σգ౩©һ֣ͶһΣա
ɱ¾ֱ֮ӷ˳ȥֵҰڲ޼ɵѪ
һѪɫϼɱ¾֮һ䣬һɨֱӳ忪һӵķ

ӻδӦɱ¾֮Ѿ壬ֱѪΪһƤ¡
תۼĹһЩҲսţ׷׽֣ɱ¾֮һЭֱ绢һ鱻ո
ۣ
ɱ¾֮һɨ˱˲ӣɺѪм֮ߣԴĹԶ
Ҷһ޶ãȻڸ죬ٿɱ¾֮
ˣˣҪ뿪
һżҵŵòˣһܣߴﹾĹȥɱ¾֮һն£ֱһΪ


739 
̶˲䣬ʬ壬һжɱ¾֮ɵġ
ÿһʬ嶼ģǱѪǱԴ
ԶЩֵһž֮ɫȫ벻Ҷ㾹Ȼǿ˵ز⻹ؾ
ĪͻȻŵ״̬˭Ҳƺ˼Ҳƺԥʲô
ղŻĵҪɱҶ㣬תۼĹ򣬾ͱҶɱ仨ˮӴܡ
ʣµЩﻹ˼ս׷׳Զȥ
Ҷ֣˴Ȼˣ˰ɣ
ĪͻȻվ˳ܵͳϣҶþա
Ȱңң
Ҷ̸ֹͣζЦݿĪҶһθ˵еĪ̸
ĪܳţҲܳ죬ǳ򵥣򵥵㿴һ˿һгϵĵطˣڻһ֮Уܼ
ȻȰ㣬֮УҪЭܽĳǣɱֻΣյľء
Īºͣûʲô鲨һʵʵӡ
ղֹǲôˣվǲЩˣ
ҶһЩŪҪ̼һĪ󣬸ղĪǿиԤҸżҵӸҶ֡
ϧҶʧˣ˭Ҷ㻰ų֮⣬ϧĪϱɣûκβ
ҶѵĲĹ𣿡
һҽг֣ɱ¾֮ٴոһ
ǣҾ粻ǣѳΪǵĽ֮꣬ʱĪվֹ𣿡
Ҷ㷴ʡ
Ī˼ˣҶĻ޵Ҷ㾳ĲǣñȸղһΧĪ᲻ֹ
Ƿ񶨵ģᣬĻһϹҶʱѾֹˣΪ뿴Ҷĵߣûг֣ڷΪҶ㷴Ľڡ
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Ҷ㼸һһٵ˵˭ʸΨĪûʸ
Ī󾲾뿪Ŀ˼ҲУҶһʾܴǰ򣬺йǷ˵򣬵ƹ
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սҶĺݣҲҶƻһܱȶһҪõĶöࡣ
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ѾʮˣۼڻĳΧԽԽ࣬ˣƶĲˡ
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·
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ɼҵǿĪҵƣҵһŵӦ飬ڻδҲ׶༪٣ԲŽˡ
żҵҵ죬ҵ£ε컪йǵĹ񷡣
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֪ɱǹǵӵ³
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ҶýͣԵҶѾ̹ˣԼ㹻ǿ󣬿޵
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һһֵ˵ˮǹ֮һֺҺ壬ǳ֮࣬һΣ¸ɿˮ
ˮҲһִ󲹵Һ壬У壬ʱ𡣹Ǻܶ޵ӣҪֿˮ
ˣڿˮ棬ܻϵʹ࣬ʱ䡣
һ棬ȻҲзһ档
ǶԸˣϲǳƤڷÿˮ֮УǼʱ䣬͸ʹ࣬鵽ʲôܡ
ûƤˮͻ͸棬ĵʹ࣬ǿ־ˣ޷ֵǵĿˮڳԶݡ
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740 Խ
ʮ˷׷£ΧһȦӣм𷢳žӳÿ϶ɫ
ĳλǰûб˼ϣǷǰӣʱӦͬЭǲлĳ֮С
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˷׷׵ͷ
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һƼҵվ֧Ҷ㣬ֻҪҶͬ⣬ǿ϶ᷴ
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ǣƼҺܸ˸Īҽˣ
Ҷ㲢⣬һжԤ֮У˵
һĳиİա
ϣ׷飬ѰԼĽ˶


741 ʼ
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ҸżҲ⣬Ҳһˡ
Ҹμһˣ޼Ҹһˣһֳ飬ֱĳڡ
ϣ֮Уÿ嶼ԼͬˣھԵǰǻС
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ҶС׳棬粻ǺܸߣС׶չһЩСϵ֮ѹһЩޡ
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Īǲ·κ鶼޷𵽱仯
˫һһȣ廯Ϊһ⣬ֱţ壬Ϊ
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飡
ҪˣȫȥˣţϵĶƴÿһζײһּ˺
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һײ屻˳ȥѪѾȾǰ


742 ͻ
ƴ˶һľһױţɱ
˭Ҳ޷ֹҶ㷢ˣͷȫըһսֳֳìһ䣬ţ
飡
һײ⣬Ǳɳȥ޷ƿţķ

˼ɲԼѪһ䣬֣ΪоԼĵ춯ҪͻƵס
ߵսҲͬ˵ע⣬ľٶȫǶһͻƾ粻˵ԼҪȥ
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ÿһţ϶ѪˮΪʯҶᡣ
Ħǹ
óԼǿһƸۣܳ忪ԼļޣܾҪɥţ֮ڡ
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˰ľȻҲԽսǼλŵӣа˵ʱ
ţƺҲʶΣŲһţ巢ҵıֻ޴ƣݺݵȹȥ

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Ϊ֮ڰһƲϵĳ죬ղΧһֱӱƷɳȥţܣһԲʮ׵Բοյء
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ôǿûл֣ڻĳ֮УҲõһжǶԵȵġ
ǿԼļӣγһ޴ḥֱ̂ײ޶ֱײɣߵٶȷǳ֮죬ò˶ãܽĳǡ
ξƼߣΪ˳ͻƣս⣬ʱѹеķŭȫ©
ϴҵĶֱҸżΧνǱ˼㣬ڵõͷš
ɱ
ìһǹɷǺÿγһΣһĳǰӿ
飡
һͷͷըЩ䵥ޣҶĪҶϵĻѾ˰򣬻ڲϵ
ŷЩһҲǰľѱѪǣ˿֪ƣ
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743 ȼ
ƾһŭ𣬾Ȼͷ͵ˣһ˵ĶѵҪڴˣҪѡߡ
ʾһ䣬ֳֳìǰţ޺ݺݳȥĳĦǹ
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£ޱȣŵһϣƿһμѻܰȫĻųȥ϶ǡ
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ķ͹涨ˣҪɻأѰ·
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ͻᱻӳԵҶҲ·һҶǰһ·
ҾͲˣȻռ䣬Ҿа취Ƶ
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ʱһȥҶҲ֪ȥ˶ãͣĳ֣ҶӵоŸ˿̿Ԫɿ
һɱһ鸴ЩӾĳ֣ҶƺЩʲô˵壬
ѵظĿռ䣬ҵظϵ㣬Ǿҵȥ·
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Ҷʶκεط˿ûκĵĵطһжôȻӦ֮һо󶼱˳Ȼ
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ҶҲȷǴ˿ֻһԣǲԼɱӵһ̣ǻطŵһ̡
ǣҶ϶ᱻӳԵҪظ֣֤Ҷ²û
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һɹȳֱ֮ӹҶıǻ֮УŻ
ЩжҶӴҶ壬Ҫ꣬ҶоСȻģһҶ㻹ûжʮƽȻҪģҶҪ
һЩҶͷ֮ϣ׼ʳҶ壬ʱлʧٴλصԶ㣬ЩӽųҶ˹ص˸ղһľͷ
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˻ļƣֻҪɱӣͻصԭ㣬㲻ϵɱӲϵĳ֣ʵһжԼڳ֣ûгӡ
ղŵҶʱҶһҪػҺڹؼʱ̣ҶסˣȻһж׷ˣٻֹɱ֮С
⵽ʲôֶβҶôգǴ˵֮еľ磬ӵֶΡ
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һ˿ڵķͻȻһЩʧҶǰһʰ쵵ӣҪǰֵĸӶҪÿ
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֣֣ƾĸ֣Ͳɹ΢⣬ĸ־Ȼ΢ȥģԺֻҪϵĴĦĸ֣γ΢⣡
ⱾףҶ˷ܵ˼㣬𽣷ӽɼﲻɼ似ĸ֣ҶţаҲɼ
һҳһӰҶǰʼ轣ǿĽⲪҶ˲ϣΪоԼʶȻҪݽȥ޷԰Σڿȥʶһᱻɡ
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ҶûпһҳʲôʹҴҺϣֻܵȵȥ֮оⱾÿһԼͻأ𽣷ʼˡ
һУܷʧͨһͨˣҶ˸һ˿⣬ͳɼ似ǵʲôҶʮڴ

ռһĲҶʧ㡣
ڴҿȴʱǿӵ£ȻʧˣϻЩƣҲǲµġ
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Īҵ˷ܵĺΪĪ㣬ֻĪڣҲֻлսʤغ۷塣
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޼ҵĵҲ˷ܵĺǳĬ
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ҲҶ㵽жǿ޷²⣬ܲܽ봫˵֮еĵ㣬ֻеȵ˶˲֪
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֪Ҷ㣬ǿһ֮ɫһƬأҶ֮ʱ
ˣ
ڴΪᷢʲôʱӰ֮Ϸ·Ǳ˸
Ī󣬴ʦ֣
˶Χȥôսȥͳˡ
Ҷվڵ֮Уǰһ޴ãһĿЦ


752 ޺
Ҷ֮ϣһȵϢֱӽƷɳȥͲһͻᱻƳǬ
ųһãҶһĿЦ
񣬾ȻǺã
Ҷ֮ԿЦΪþȻǷı䣬еһã滹־
λãһӣѾƶ궼δ
ǬѾˣĪɶƷɳڵֻҶһˣҹȥôʱˣδ֤Ҷ㼫пܴм¼
ǧʱ䣬Ҳû˳ɹڵ㶺֮ã֪ʲôѵҪдʷ
µƳҶѹȹ޷̧ͷ־ֲ̫
񣬳֣
ҶͻȻðһ󵨵뷨Լ޷ֻһǶѣûǿԼֹǣȻӵ֮ģڶԪ񣬵ȱٺܶණ
ܽ񺡹ǸԼںһԼ޷ܳΪ
뵽Ҷһ˷֮ɫתһű飬޺̫ǿˣҶûз
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753 
ҲչһɣϾЩ֮УΨɽ㡣
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ʱڿţѾȥʱˣҶ㻹ûκεĶ㾲Ưڵ㡣
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754 Χ
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һɫ۰ڷ棬ɢһʮޣϸȥ޴ӷֱ档
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һ˵ģ
Ҷ˸һ˿Ц⣬аȵЦݣ˭Ҳˡ
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ӼҵѾҶƵǿʱ񷻹׻غϣһС󷨣׼һֶԸҶ㡣


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һۣȻԾĸܵѹһεѹ
˭Ҳûȳ֣ڵȣڷ˭Ҳ֡
ҶϵЦһʧʼʷµһδսһŵӣҾ綼Լ
ɱ¾֮ƺܵҶս⣬һĹâ˸ǽâҲǽâɱ¾־
йͷͻȻһֻӣʮˡ

ҶһµĴǹһʮаĶڹƶҲǽͷһ֡
㻹еʶȷǹ˹֪
ʮҶı飬ԼʮʱѰһֻ־ʮ
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ͷų׻ǿҲһ˿ɵ֮ɫҺù񷲻ǵĵˡ
ҶԭԹ񷻹û˴ɱ⣬ǿ֮ҶɱϧһдҲҪնɱ񷡣
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򵥵̽һϳһ˿֮ɫҶһһ⵽ˣôܡ

ԽɱҶĸŨҪȲӶҶϱҶǿȫ鹦Щ似֮ϡ
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ӶʩչĵֶΣǹǣ˿û֣֮ֻҪɱԣʲô¸ԡ
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ɱ
Ҷ׺֮ɫĶŹ񷡣
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ܵҶɱ⣬һԼǧĴѹ׾δʧֹ쾹ȻӶʧ֡
ǹǶ룬ҶƵùһ˿Ȼ֮ġ
ǿ׵ķҶ޶ãϵܣеĿȫڹһϡ

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еĳһѿǿȻɵˣȫ⣬Ҷָô˷ҪԪҪӲ
ֻĿҶ˫ֲ壬ʱ䣬ѪȻ˳Ҷָ׵ȥ

طҶ㲢Ӷ࣬
գۼĹǿͻΪһƤһλŵ
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759 
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ϺȻðһа֮Ȼֱ仯ⲻ񣬶а
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֮ǰЦŻָڳǰһ죬ЦҲҵҶ㣬˵ϵаǼµģ˭ʱ֪ʱȻǱƭϤĵطͻԹȥ
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׵ԽԽͳʱһħҶɷħȣֱֵһᡣ
ֶʧҶ㻹Ǵӹż֮ϿһЩû뵽׾Ȼɵ׽ܽ˵ˡ
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ףҶͻȻ֣ɱ¾֮һĨй⣬ֱն£ҶҪսپʩչĻᡣ
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ɽһ֣洫ܿʼݣ޷ɽ֮׾Ȼվڤӡ֮£ˡ
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𽣷һһУĳװȥŷֽγһ޽׵ͷ֮ϣҶóԼǿʵ
Ҷǿ׵һ˿ɵƺЩɵҶ㡣
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䣡
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һƬ磬ӿҶм䷢ʲô飬ֻһ·ʲôˡ
ܿʧȻԭأ׵ǰһƶǱìУɱħƵֵ֮ϡ
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ѣ׵ֱӱɳȥǶߵķһ㣬˦а׾롣
ƲˣȻܿҶҪ֮ƣ˲նɱףʩչĻᡣ


760 ֮
׵ֱӱɱɳȥһѪȾ½
Ҷ㲽ƣκλᣬһ䣬ֳ·ìֳɱٴ˫¡
ٴϮ¶֮ɫ־һѽεѹʩչ
µ־һˣߣ֡
ϧҶ㲻ᣬһѹѹסףҶػص׺ǲߡ
ŻɽҶҪնɱף̫а
ҶǰлƣڱǿʩչѾ˺ۡ

ױƵһյأܶǹʯᾣƶٶȴͻȻһȣһ޴ˡ
䣡
ˣҶ׵Уһǿɳȥ֮һȵڵ֮ϡ
Ҷ㣬ҵģȻҲù
ͷɢҰһһ޴ħվ
ħһ߹ȥһһħɢ޾ƣܴﵽ۷塣
ħʵҪ߳ܶ࣬ͬȵľ֮УսʤʱҶ㾹Ȼ岻ˡ
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һУЩ˵ʬȫҶ㲢δ뿪ϥ£ʼԼ塣
̶һʱ䣬ҶоԼ۷彵䵽غڣڿٵ½
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Ҷüͷһ֣ƺʲôಿλһͼԼұϵһģһһ״Ҳһеĳӣʮıǡ
˫ۣҶȻ֪ȴûκΰ취ղŲǻ滹ǺöӡǣҶ㼸еİ취öӡǷ·Լһ𣬸𲻵
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Ҷŵò㾪УΪ֮ۻڡ
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Ҷ㽫ħ˳ЩҶ㲻ϣħϾ֪꣬ʶ϶Լöࡣ
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Ҷﰵ̧ͷһۣϽջ̫֮аˣһ۷·ܰҶ궼սȥ
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˽٣֪ȫҡ
֣Ҷ㿴ʶˣǧǰʢУΪ̫а⵽ų⣬𽥵½ǾԲ伣ȻҲӡ
һֹϵ֮ݻģԶʱԶʹڣ汬γɵһ壬屻֮󣬱˺壬Ƿ֣Щֽ
ħ˵˶٣˵
ʱûҲֻһͨ壬ûʲô֮ĶڣֻǺһŸıˡ
ħЩǴӱ֪ģǲģ޴ӿˡ
Ҷûдϣ˵ȥ


761 ׽
ԭģڵ˶ѲǵĴ
ԶʱڣѾ֣ǵúһ֮ӣȻָϵһ𣬷Ѿʱ䣬ڴ˵һռҲǴϵһ
ħϵΪҶ㽲⣬ԭռԴ塣
ֻǺЩԻģһƫĸϵռױܻǰˣ˽ݺԼĵˣչ֮ٴγһ֮ӣ˸ǳλܣһߵ򡣡
˵ˣħһ֮ɫ
˲ϵĸռ󣬶һһ죬˸ɣڴ½֣һаһ괴Ǹ˹Ҳ벻ĳ񶾵ѧȥ֮󣬼Ըı䣬ǿܷ˵ˣ˵һ
ħԼ֪Ϣȫ˵˳
֪֮𣿡
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ħɫһ䣬ƺԸἰ⼸
֮һܷ˵ˣһҪ׸壬Լ
ħһ֮ɫƺ
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ûаһһ׽ӴԺ󾳽粻ͻƣһ½ֱһͨˣȥҵڣ״ҡ
ħû׽ѷΪ֮н֮Ȼ˻ᣬҲʩչһʩչ⵽
֪ôƵ׽
Ҷ㲻֪Щֻ֪ôƵ׽ΪоԼľ粻ʧ
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ħͻȻһ̧ͷҶͷ֮ϿȥֹһֱҶͷϿա
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Сӣ㲻Ҫˣͷ֮ϺȻƣûв´һ
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ŵģֻҪϴӦһָһ·
ħֵҶ̸
̸㻹ûʸ񣡡
Ҷһ䣬ͻȻʶסħĲлꡣ

ħһĲҽʹ
СӣΪҾܸ㲻ҪˣҪɱңһҲ⿪⵱ϳ֮⣬ֻһЩϹ֪ƿɱңҲԼĺ·ЩϹܼġ
ħҪʹ࣬ҧгݵ˵
ҶʶԷһ£ħ˵ûϹܼģڵľ磬Ǹ߶ȡ
Сӣúһ룬ֻҪϽūԼҷģһ취ƽ
ħѭѭգֻҪܽ⿪ūԼѰһ¯ܶһжֵˡ
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Ҫ㷢ģ֮ūԼɣʲôʱˣڽԼܿ˰ɣ
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Ҷ㲻ЩֻҪܽȾС
ˡ
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ħһ֮ɫȻϣҶܽԻָɣȣһǷ֮ɫ
û취𣿡
Ҷ㿴ħѣһħ𶼲ҽȥ֪ȶô¡
ҲǾԣҿӵдˣҲܽ⿪ϵ׽ǰҪİ취ֹʴľ磬ȻȲĽȣѾˡ
ħҶϿ˴ˣҲ黹һ߻ᣬһ˿ħ
ʲô취
ҶоԼľٵţæʵ
ǧĲݣֲǿõĶÿʮ꣬ѹķʱ䣡
ãҳȥ֮󣬾ѰǧĲݣ
ҩ˵Ҳ󣬸ҩûԸֲϺټ
˵ĲΪܶɽ涼ֻܿ˼Ҳмɼˡ
ǰֻһһˣ뿪ҶʹȥȣƵϵ
ˣҲȥϢˣʱ価սΪԪõԽ࣬ľԽ죬ԼСġ
ħ˵꣬صħ֮С
ҶЦһȻϣɱԸΥ
ʰһУҶѸ뿪ҪرˣǶҪһ뿪⼸죬ҶɼһЩҩֳܲܿȥ
䣬Ҷ㳯ʼ·ƮȥǴӶ洫һпҩ֡
صĲɼݱĽУҲּβΪһЩҩ໥ɱ˫壬սҲݱɼҵ״̬ҩ鲼ûбҪΪһҩ


762 ҩ
һ·֮ϣǧϵҩҶ㶼Ź׷ײɼ
Ƭ˲ɼһգΪһΣЩҹݵĲɼڼ䲻˶ѰҶ䣬ΪҪõı
֣Ҷôʧˣ㲻˵زɼҩһնɱ𡣡
ЩͷˣѾȥˣҶȫˣЩϵ壬ҸżԸһɱҶ㡣
Ҳ˵ˣҶɱҵӣҰͲôһ
ڻ壬Ӽ˶ʧˣֻϡϡĻʣʮˣҵĵӱʧأҲֻʣ²ʮˣʮˣڻʣһ롣
ĪҲǲ࣬ʣʮˡ
ɼҲһûʲôشͻʣʮˡ
ƼңһҲˣʮ˻
ǸϳǻеӼһҲһٶң߲ƽ
ӹʧ֮йȫɼҩһΪĹâ˻һϢˣҶ
֪Ϣ֮йټ׼Ҳ壬һַҶ㡣
һȻĽУҶȫ֪ЩһֱæŲɼҩ
İɣܲ˵ģֻҪֻҪһҾ֪
ǴŵЦ⣬ƺг
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ƺʶʲô޼һͨӦ֮⣬ҲܸӦĵ
㻹еʶֻҪʩչҵ
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һ
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Ҷ⼸һ̶ûֹͣƤûкϣЩ컻˺ܶطϳһ˿ƣ֮ɫҲһ˿˷֮ɫ
ҹȻûв´ҩ
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ʱҶַˣǰӣҶ㰴ͲĵȺĵĽħ˳ֻҪҩ֣Ҷ㲻ڸᡣ
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ٴʩչҶѾ뿪ղŵĵطԶĵطǰ
ҶͻȻվԭأ˿ӵĸоٴγ֣ǻþΣѵڿԼ
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ŰΧˣҶѾ֪ǵ⣬ǬǲδõԼνĵ㱦ڻǲģһַҶ㡣
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ħͷɱǼܶӣ˵ö֮ȻҪɱ㱨𣡡
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˵ĺףǸҳ֣ǻ᲻ϧһնɱˡ
˻һŭƼˣ׷׳׼ӭս
԰꣬Ҹ˸ǵĶԹƼûйϵһ˳е
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˵ɣҪȺҶһţ
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дʣҶӵħֻҪɱҶ㣬һħĳƺȻû˸˵ʲô
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Ҷ˵ĺЩ޷вƵأһͷӣƺڵʱ䡣
ȷʵڵҶʱ䣬ΪҶ㻹ҪȥѰǧĲݣϺķ̫ʱ䡣

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룬Ȼǲϳ֣Ǿݹˣ
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ʱ䣬ҶƷ˷츲صı仯ҲǸղһŵӣһɱ
ɱ¾֮һöԼļԴֱӷѪ䵽֮ϣҶǻȺֱ룬ɱ¾֮趯ʱ̶

ܹһѪ磬Ѫ걻紵ɢγѪȷ磬֮󣬸оġ
ÿһĻҶѾɱЩ֮УֱϵӶ飬һɱֻ֮ʬ塣

һ޼ҵӶֱܲӴǰأٴĺ󱳴˲仯ΪһƤҽȻֹ
Լһɻ¼˷ˣҶֱ̫ˣⲻˣһħɱ˲գ۵ħͷ˿û֮ġ
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
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ҶڶǣרѡһЩʵСĵɱ̶ʮʱ䣬ҶѾɱʮˣƽһʱ䣬֮Ѫɺӣʮʬ塣
ӦǣҲδǣȻҪΧңҾʹɱ䣬׽նɱ
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ҶʩչЩ˵ûвɱ¾֮˿ĳһѪ֮Ѫɱ¾֮ɡ
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ɫ˷ܣսȻ岻ʮܡ

ʮʱ䣬ΪղŴҾۼһҶлɳˣնɱһѪϴʣµЩ˿ʼɢҶɱٶȾʹ
ʱ򣬴ɼŵӷ׷׸ϵóǿ似ҪҶһնɱ
䣡
ǿ似Ҷһϣճһ㲨ˮһȥ
䣡
Ҷ˼ҲܣɳȥҶһ֮˴ɻ죬ƣ»һȻˡ
ֳһƬֹղŻΧҶСˣֻʣ²һС룬Щĵһž֮ɫҶ㣬ڿֻԶԶĿţǵղһĻһ޷ǣԶеجΡ
ǴͻȻֹʣµЩҲӲҶնɱˡ
̶̼ʮʱ䣬һʬ壬һжҶɵġ


764 ɱ
ɱ¾ͻȻֹͣȳζɢȥΪŵˣվһɪɪ
ԼŵʧˣϵɱͻȻҶնɱ˴޼ҶʮӣǼľӢȫ͡
ʣµ߰˹ҲǷˣħŵôСʧһδ޼Ƕ˶ˡ

Ŵ޼ҵˣƼߵӿʼЦҶղŵһɱ¾ƼеѪڣ޲ҲȥҶһս
Цһս°궼ѵһǳôЩ꣬ڳһҶ㣬һ֮սӼңһ֮նɱν֮ӡ
Щ֮ҶֱǲֵһᣬһССһϵıҶɱոꡣ
ĪƽʲôŵϵЩʬ壬ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
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Լĵܣɫ࣬ڳûЦǣΪĺˣǰûô
ʬڷǰ˵һ𣬼ûһʬģǲ֫ϱۣ˱жԴ˱նֱۣҲ˱һնϣΪء
ˮȳ֮ﱩ©
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Ȼһҽ屻ɱһΪΪء
κ컪ϰ壬˫ڵУ屻ɱնʱĲҽ
ңҡ
κ컪˫֣Ī˹ȥҪĪȵüʱʱˣʧȥ˫ȣܻ
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ӿһۣƺĳʶ
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ڤӡѹ
Ҷ֪ǵͼһʱڤӡ֣˲佫ѹԭء
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ͨ
ֱӹܲ˾޴ѹ
ЩľˣҶ㵽ʲôĹ̥ǿˣ֪֮Уڳ֮ˣȫȫʪ͸ˣȻȫ֪顣
ǻϳʣµЩӣҶҲ˼ɲǼŵˣ׷룬ղŻʣʮˣ˲ӵһɶ϶һҶɱ


765 ׷
˱ѹԭأȫԹµķʽƼߵѷҶһ֮նɱʮˣŵҲҶѹѹ
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С׽׵ëʮСҲջķᣬ˲ٺöȫëƤܿ
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ŻȫֵʱѾ˵ȵĲͷˣһ£ڿԳȥˡ
ûͬߣÿһλ֮УΨһࡣ
μӣ٣Ϊٷ򶷵飬޵ĿС
ɽ棬˷׷׸лǣϳǣһǰһЦݣرҼһշЦݣһǼмİս㡣
Ц棬޼Ҽһ߸ϵӣЩȣ޼Ҫ߳һҲǰѵһţǼпܽĴڡ
ǻߣʮƽƺһЩһĶֲĸо˵ͷһλǸϳǻйһμӣ嶼֮١
壬û֮⣬λ峤ˣȺԼӳ
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Ҽ֣ղһоͽˣ֣Ҫɱǣ練ơ
ǲϳǰɣҾͳȫǣ
һ䣬ֱӱȥ춼ӡȥؾǿ
ҶС׵ϣħҲصħ֮УսؾҶ㻹ǵһ
ǿϢûɫ䣬ҵԳӦս˹ȥ
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շһžһڿѪȥ˵һɳȥǰһӡ
һУһ֮ڣɣش
ɱ⣬Щˣ磬٣ǻ᲻һеҲҪסԼ
죬Ҫƴ𣡡
Щˣʵ̫ǿǸ͸½Ƕ
˵ǲҵĶ֣Ҫɱǣһԣ
Ųм֮ɫЩѾһϡ
Ҫô
첢ɱǵ˼ʵϵŰʧȡ֮Ƿϡ
ܼ򵥣ƼҵǸ㵱ô˵ΧƼҵӣӺڣ
УҪ뿪ҲԣһóǧԪԪȻһɱ󡣡
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һҪǵǸӦΧҶ㣬ڶóǧԪԪ
죬̫
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㲻ӦҲԣԥһʱ䣬Ҿɱһˣ
ղ˵˵꣬ƼûǴһץһҵӱץ˹
һѹӦǰ
һҵֱӱɱֶθҶ޼˶ɱ֮ˡ
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ڳ˵һֶ壬һƬž
ӿֶΣ׷׳ԶȥһͻֵǣӦͻһʱɱһˡ
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Ѿû˻ĻղˣֻǷɱһӣֶʮǿ
û뵽͵ʴף䵽Ľ֣вĵزӦ˿¶Ҫ
̫ˣֻóһǧԪԪ
ʱּۻۣΪǧ̫࣬ҳܲ
˵ûأ
컰һ䣬һֱըٴ
ʣʱ䣬ǿˣǵҪԴҪ
¶׵ݣ޺Ҷ㶼ǰԸ̣ʵǿʳ
֣ڿξͻᷴҶˣ׸


770 ص
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ʱһһйȥĶˣӦǾͻ
Ѱʱ䣬ȻܻǴȴǹһôá
ʮѵǿǵôˣ
ϻָ֮ɫ˫׼ˣǸ˵һ֣ͻɱ䡣
ǴӦ
˸ղŰһӦȶȹǰһΣ˵Ȼȥ֮顣
ܺãνʶʱΪܣʮʱ䣬չԴȻһɱǵļ壬ڿԵǸˡ
ʮʱ䣬չеԪԪ
ԲǴˣ
Υĵ˵ϱֱѿˣҧгݵ˵
ڿ𡣡
޼Ŀ£ʵ
ҹɣ
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ɫף̾ϢһԼĵ뿪ˣǻӼעҪįһʱˡ
뿪췢һЦû˵뿪
ӼҲͬ壬ɱʲһڼһ棬ϾǷ֧λͨӲͬ
ϲͻƾ磡
˹챧һȭʾϲ
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һΣԺ󲻻ڿǱҪȥúоԺúȥδӣ˻Щӳɳٶȿ϶Ҫܶࡣ
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ЦƺЩ档
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ӣǲΪҵˣԼа취޾֮·һа취⿪
ΪԼģҶæϡ
˵ûҿϱˣһܷ׻
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ͻأǲ׼صڼң
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ʵʵ˵ڻصڼң϶⵽ƵĴѡʱڻǡ
ҶĲ࣬ԼҲ躹ޣƣȵԼлһ죬ųȻǳ
Ҷ㣬ʲô㣡
ʵҶаһ첻޷ͻƾ硣
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Ҷѹ滮ˣ죬õı뿪ǣǰȡ
ҲãúϢԴʱ㿪š
ֻҪҶ㻹ڣͲҶʧȥġ
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ֻǧĲݲܵ
ãȥչ
ˬĴӦˡ


771 ֱ
ѾнȥռǧĲȥˣȻ֪ʲôãǷҶһ飬ܽΣ춼Ҫ
һӮӼǧԪԪö˵ͻؾˣǸӶ˶ǷҶ顣
Ҷ㣬ٿᣬμҷʱˣμ𣿡
ǸһףԼأڶƼһֱΪɣϴһ
ҾͲμˣżһȡԤڵЧ
ļ֮Ҷ˿ȤԾܾڵľ磬һƶѾûκεв
Ҳǿ㣬ҿ䣬ǲΪҽûΪ㱨𣬽ȫնɱ
ҶһֱڷܣܿҶĹϵ˼ôƽ⡣
ȷʵ
ǿƳʱҶΪὫȫնɱϾؾںǡ
Ϊ˳Զ㣬Ҳܽȫնɱһ㣬޼һλڣҲﵽؾһֱûж⹫ʵ֪һսƼҵķչʮֲ
ĳ˵ɱȻܼ򵥣ǲƼԺķչ
Ҷ˵ͷɱǹȻޣǽ̫ĳԹƼȷʵһ谭
벻Ǵ޼ҾȻҲ棬޼ҵĵ̿Ĳһ㡣
ҲȡԴǼķչδʮ꣬ǿ϶ͣͲǰƼҵõԴԺʮʱ䣬һܴһǿƼңʱ򻹻ǿ𡣡
첻һۣʮܵ
һ̸ֱҹǣ׽飬ӦҶ㣬ʱ䶯һ취
ȻҶ֪뵽취Ȼ˼ˣҶ㻹Ǳʾм˼ڰԼ
ڶ죡
Ƽұޱ֣Ϊ֮󣬾Ƽҵļ䣬Ҳѡλã񣬽аһεļֻ
Ǹ׷ǰףصģҲҪƼҵ֣Ϊ˶֪ƼҪˡ
ΨӼûǰֻ˺񣬲δŵء
һԺ֮УƶصĶȲϵıʮء
ڷ֮Уһûʵľ޴֮ϣһݵƤͷӣʱѾòֻоҵĴϢʱ巢飬ȻҲƶ
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ڴʱһӰ߽ƶԺӣƺܼ١
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ڼαϯϣѾ½½ȥϯϣڻûˣЩͷˣȻǼļλϡ
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һöʯСʯͷҶţǴӴϵõģӦҲӵãҲҶ㡣
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ҪʱܼӿԪٶȣࡣ
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òƳһҶڸûǸ


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սƣҶȫˣôƣʮҲ޷ȫǰֻһЩ󷨣ƣҶ޷󼰣ֻܵȵ粻һ
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ҶͻȻһݣƸһΣȻ֮䣬߸Ҷ㣬Ҷ㽫ŸԪӿ

ҹһǿ磬ҶԪ˲غڣ䵽ڡ
ħ֮еħһʱӦˣԼūԼɶ˲١
੣СӻǿԴ󣬾ȻıѰ·䵽سڣҾܶ
ħЦֻҪҶ㾳ڵһ磬лռҶ塣
Ҷ֪ܲħǵС˼ԼѰȣͽɱ
ҶôҲðźܴķգһĻ䵽سڣħһĸ󻼡
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ʱʱ䣬ҶɹһöƣȻΪԼãҶ
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ΨɣܶƣҶǸԶ
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𣡡
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ڵʱ֮£ҶôҲȻһʱ̽ܲˣǱϾҶǾŮ


773 ƼҾ
ҾֵһϣҶչȥҶ㽫Ǳûκ⣬ܸһ֮á
ĵĲҶòΣʵף߿϶ȱŮӣ½Կĵġ
ԼŮĴҶ㣬׵ĳ֧֣Ҳ·ϵĶҶѾֻ֪ҪлᣬܰȱĲ
ԼŮҪȥҶ㣬ȻֹһƼҵӣȥҶԺ䡣
ߵʽҲ׼Ĳˣǵĸȫ룬һЩϰ壬׷׵һף졣
ƶɫۣʮĿǼ䣬˶ҪμӣΪϣȻҲȱϯ
촦һ˼λ֮ϣֻҪǼ޷λãȻǰѡһΣһηͬѰ
俪ʼ
˾һ󺰣ʱ䣬죬֡
վǵĳ̨ȥ̨öƼãǼʽ
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㣬ȼ֮쳯üȥףԸԽԽ٣ԽԽʢ
֮컹ǽ¯һǸĸΪ츸ĸѲڣһѡ˼곤ļλڣ۷壬չء
ݽʽɣǼ飬ѡѡһЩӢӣ໥д裬Ӧҹ͡

˾ٴθߺһ뿪̨صλ֮ϡ
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ڱ䣬ʱ䣬һţ˶ûзӦЩѾȥˡ

ȵʱһȣ첻˳ȥҪȳ
鷢̫ͻȻûи˼ʱ䣬ȻؾͻȻϮǻԵ׽⣬ȵӦʱ򣬼ʮϣȫƴʽ
Էϳһ֣طܡ
͡
Щ䵽֮󣬾ͱɳȥ

ڴʱһѡԱԼԱըˣ۷Աޱȣһпֱӱը
Ȼ֮䣬Ѫɣķܳһ˿ѷ죬Ա̫ǿˡ
Щǰۿֵ˶ɵˣ˭Ƽ͵ϮǵļҸأѰ·
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üͷһ壬ԥǷҪ֣Ҷ˵һս˭Ҳ׼ֹ֣϶ĵ⣬Ҷȫһӣ޷֡
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ޥģòҶĻ
ֻһ˭ҲϣԼļķѣϹͷŽЩ֮У϶Щ޹ģҲЩǱȵģЩ˸ЩδѼзǳ׵ĹϵҪǶɱˣΪƼһǰһ𡣡
ҶҪ˵ģɱǹȻޣǺܶ඼޹ģɱǣܶ˵ѲޱѼ壬ԼˣԺЧƼ𣬴𰸿϶Ƿ񶨵ġ
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Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪˼ΪĸĸϣԼŮҸҲһȻҶһˣϣһ㽫֮öʵĻᣬֱӾٰû뵽ҶҪ뿪
ȻˣҲǿ㣬ֻҪС
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նҲ飬ת뿪ٻ壬ֻҪҶǣһЩȻ֪һ·ϣնζҲҶ˵һЩֻǲȫ棬նζת˵
Ҷ㾭ô飬նλ˼ŮҶ㲢δ¶ʲô
һˣܿϰٻ嶥ŮסͬһԺ棬ԺӲǺܴΪŵӵĹϵסĻǺܺá
˲۵ԺӣҶһᡣ
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Ҷ磬㲻Ҫô˵ǺˣȻסĵط˵㣬̫ڵԴʮַḻҪݺöˡ
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ǻҪƭҵʲôʱԴḻΪǵľٳٲԴḻΪλһЩνʥӾ
ҶԽ˵Խأŭɢ
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ŮҶ㣬ֻϣҶһ𣬵Ȼ
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Ҷ㲻ҪƹǴҶһֱ棬쿴õˡϣҲһﾡãҶϣЩ˷ˡ
һУһ޴󷨳ˣȫܲκϢ
һв׵Ҷǳ񣬿ʼתԼĹ
öƵһ̷ȥ԰ͻؾ
öҩƯ˵ǰֿɵãҶûԴƳĵҩ
Ҳɣҩ̷ȥһȵǵըźܾõľɶжբĺˮһա
⼸µʱ䣬ܵ㹻ˣͲôһ㣬öƵһԿףȴų״򿪣ĺˮͷų
һͻƣ񱩵ϢŰҺҶ㲼󷨣Щй¶ȥ
Ҷ㴦ڷ籩ģҺѪսۣȻ϶ᱻ籩
ԪԪ󣡡
һǧԪԪˣǰγһԴԴϵԪγҺһ㡣


781 ȫ
Ƶһٽ˳忪ؾҺһԪӿ˵档
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÷ǿ죬Ҷ㽫һЩԪУ
Ŷ飬Ҷ㽫һЩˮԪػлԪ棬ˮ飬档
˶õԼҪĶ似棬ҲڿٵգۼĹʵȫ
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Щ֮еҶڣʼ
Ҷ㾳Ҫǳ֮ѣΨһľǴ


782 ҶĻ
ҵʹϮȫƹʼǵľ磬Ҫһٳ忪۷Ĺؿڡ
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һŵдӣŵӿʼΪÿ궼̭һЩˣһûģҪϳţµĵ滻ÿ궼µѪҺ


783 ŵ
һ죬ŮҶڰٻתһȦߵ̫ԶΪҶ㲢̫ڵӣһЩĵش޷ȥ

һ𣬰һȵŵдἴʼɽ壬ŵʮ򣬾һɸѡ˭ܻùھõŴĽ
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ͻƵأǾ˵˵Ϊʸʥˡ
յ蹦򣬴Ӱٻܿܿĳأ̨ɣһεŵӹһ˲μӣ˶ֱӷˣкܶΪܳΪŵӣҪȥ֤ʲô
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Сӣ˭ô̫ܵˡ
ΪҶѪսۣ̫ڵӣʱ˲ŷӦҶ㾹Ȼһġ


784 Ū
ղһֱҶˣûнҶҶߣ̫һץһѣֻеʥӣеλԼСɽ塣
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˴ŻЦݣƺ֮Ĺϵ֪֮ࡣ
ĺôܴأܰͽᵽʥӣǶŵ顣
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˴Ų˼ı顣


795 д
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˷׷׵ͷʱӦüþգЩŵӱҪǡ
ȥŰɣ
һ֣³ȥš
ȿȡ
³ͻȻվ̨֮ϣһȦ˵봳ǰʮʮ
Ҷ֪ʲô飬ʮһ̨
һŵд裬̫࣬һȡھսǰʮĵӣȫǹھ
³ܸߣÿһ䡣
ŷ޺ƱͻƸΪʥӣ֮ڲͻؾٴδŵӣϣǺء
³仰ǳŷ޺˵ġ
лϣ
˻Ǳʾмʱͻơ
ǰʮһʮҲҪģȻ˳Ϊʥӣǰʮ䷢
׷ʮֱδܴǰʮûУǰʮҲнǰʮĽϱԺһЩ
һǶһһŵӱɫӡ
³˵꣬ѾѲµӣΪ֮ǰĬĬţǵִÿһ䡣


796 뿪̫
³ϵĻһ䣬еӽĿⶼۼϣһŵд裬ܹעŵӡ
һλɫĵӷֱŶСᣬ÷ˣŽ⽱ǣʹϣеѧϰڷȡ̵ʱ֮ڣΪŶ֮ţ
³ڳÿһ˵Ķ
˵ûŲ֮ãͻƵʥӽ׶ΣѾ˵룬ֱӿŵһء
ܿǷַǰʮĽھһǰʮõǰʮĽˣ쵽һݽʲôֻԼ
ˣŵдǰʮȥýʥӣ˿ɢȥ
³ϴʮһ뿪ˣʸΪʥӡ
ҶȻصԺӣȺǻʱʣ࣬ҶҲҪ뿪ˡ
˲һʱң˶һ·׵װʥӷΡ
Ҷ磬õˣ
ǸںЩνʥʽֻҲ֪ҶϾҪ뿪ˣԽ֮ϻ
ʥװԺ̫ھû˸Ҷôˡ
һʥװҶ뿪Ҳˡ
Ҷ磬ǻõĽ㶼ȥɣ֪ԴʮֲֿǲҪôࡣ
óöָǻõĽھȻȫ͸Ҷ㡣
ǵĺҶˣӦõģԼȱԴȱҲǵԴЩԴǺúãȡ̵ʱ֮ͻƵأ̫ڲлȨ
ҶûȡҲҪԴҶôȡ
۽Ǻᣬ֪ҶһжΪǡ
ˣҶ籣֤ͻ֮ʱǵʱ򡣡
Ҷ֪ǲԼֿǵԴο˵
˵ģ
ΪЦ˶ЩԴӦÿ԰ǣͻصʱ䡣
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ڼ״ֻаʱ䣬ǵľ磬ʱͻأֻҪڼңҶͿԽǴߡ
ղŽʱѯǣΪ˿ٶؾǶҶķԸƹƬ˳ǶŲɣ˵д
ղȥʱ򣬹Ȼ̲˺ü飬Һ׼
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˲ָɫ˵ŵ򣬸ղŽʥӵʱҪֵһһɽ壬סһ𣬱ֿ
ٶһʧ̫ٴλָƽ
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˵ǼͻȻͻƾûйϵһд裬ʮʥӣǳһɽʥӵ˸ϵͬһ㣬˲֪ҿ֪һ
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ˣʱ䲻ˣҲ뵢̫ʱ䣬ԺǼͷչˡ
Ҷ㲻˵ЩҶ˵ľʱ䣬ΪΪ׼ǧĲʣ޼ˡ
㿪Цɣڻŵӣȥչʥӣʥӷ嶼ϲȥ
նλЩɬζ棬˵ȷʵʵ顣
ʱնξǣȴˣôܲɬء
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ԭˣǹȻҶİ£ͻƵؾ
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Ҷ֣İɣȻƴҲһ˿ί
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һҶ㲻֪ˣΪţնʲôˣʲô飬ʱֵܼ䲻Ҫ̫һԡ
һʱ֮Ҷ뿪̫ڷΧħҲһϸĵͼǰȣҪᴩһɽҪһλɽԽѩɽܽȵ
ŵͼϵıǣҶҲǵһΪνƫƧĵط̡
ȱ˵ĻɽͲʺ棬ںᴩѩ̣һʲôĴڡ
ҶţħƭԼΪ֮ԼҶ⿪׽ҶӦūԼ
վڸ߸ߵɽ֮ϣҶԶϣһ·̱ȽƽΪҶҲ鲻ˣǰҪҸطɼһЩǧĲݣһ·ϻмµ·̣ҪܹǧĲݡ
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ҶҪ뿪ʱһӰͻȻ֣Ҷǰ治Զ

ͻȻֵӰҶ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ϣ֪ΪͻȻסҵȥ·
סҶȥ·ĲǱˣȻ׿ĸףϡ
Сӣ֪ʣҵĶӣܾɵ뿪
ϾȻԼĶӱˡ
˼ңĶڴҹ½У֮д衣
ҶЦһ
Ҷӵڶô£˵ûаϵ
ϹȻɣΪβǱˣҶ㽻ֵļˣɳյӣȻ֪ҶûйϵҶ㷢ͻͷ˭Ҷ뵽һ
˵ûаϵأ
ҶǴŵаЦҪҪʲô
Ȼ㲻˵Ҿͽ׽Ļǣҿ㻹ôӲ
ԼĶӶ棬´ӴԺ󣬶޷̧ͷôܲŭ
һѣʲôӾʲôĶӳ
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬ȴڰ䱸ϿɲһҲϵߣҶɲ˵ܻ


797 ҫ
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⻹࣬ôҪѵңҪд裡
Ҷ¶һ˿Цݡ
ֻҪܽУȻȥ
ϻûеɱҶĵزϾԼҲ˲٣Ҷˣʥӿ϶ỳɵԼϣǵĳɳٶȣ϶ҲҪ˼һЩ
ŶԷĽԼҶ㵹Ҳϣһ峤ϣҲôףҪй˵ı죬й˵٣Ȼ⵽ӵų⡣
ϧһĶӣԼӵĵλ̫ںΪһҶ㣬ǳһ
ְɣܶУ԰ȫ뿪
ϻǲ֮ˣ׼Ҷ֡
̫ڱϾڣʮ֮һºΪĻ϶ᶪʮԺķչҲеõŵӡ
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ĽǵضȥؾҶ˿Ҵ⣬ȻԷ˾硣
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̫ƷȻɼ似ϻĿԼ
ӡ֣ҶĽӰѿ޷ϵƷ硣
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һɨҶıսǽʩչ𽣷޷ɼ似ֻϣֵܵУҶ뿪
ֵһ̣¶һ˿֮ɫҶ׽Ȼ⾳û뵽ССͣȻ˵Ĵڡ
طУ֮ڻǳ
ΨЩУ̤գ߾磬ʮ־ȣҶŶʮ꣬һ˿·Ҷ츳𾪡
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ӡҶѹҪƣϾȻҪҪ㡣
Ҷܿɱ¾֮ͻȻһǿâĥѾγɣʼѹȥϧԷɼ似ͨ似ѱҶѹɷ顣
֮صĴҶ֮ĿסӡϧֻǼʱ䣬ӡͻȻ˱仯һһ֡
䣡
ǽƵ𣬶Է似̫ǿ󣬼ٿأҶҪȡʤǳ֮ѡ
СӣһУҿҪˣһˣҾҪĻǣ
йȥδܻ׽Ҷ㣬¶ɫ
УҶ½Ƕûÿһض֮ȻԷ飬أҶ޷󼰡
ǶԷԪѹңҶ㻹лģ¶һ˿аЦݣɱ¾֮ͻȻޱа졣
аͬҲɼ似ɼɼҶмİմݵ
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Ϊƣ˿µĽһˣȱâٴλ趯
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׿ĸ׷ǳҶ뿪̫ڵʱ򣬾׷Ȼ³֪ĶҲһ·˻ģ֮ڣ޷Ҷ㡣
Ϊ³ϼʶҶ׽ʱҶʱ³ҼʶˣԲŸҶԣѹ;磬϶ѻҶ㣬Ҳ֤³·˵
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Ӧɽ߰һǣÿЪţһЩǧĲݣԱʱ֮裡
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СϢ룬ܿܵ
˻֮ϣԶԶȥܶɽɽм䣬һ޴Ŀ··Ŀĵһ޴ĳǳأǳ޴
建ĽֵϣѾǽݵĺĵش
ǳϷšҫǡ֣ȻƯ֮ϣ·ӡһ㡣
ǿַ֮ϣܻɢʲôֶΡ
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УҶǼʶʲôŽĴǣڴϿգȻҲƯĽǽڵ֮ϡ
ôֱʣЩʲô֮ͣϡ
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֪ƾһÿҪʯת֪Ҷθ룬϶ܼӡ
ʱҲˣҶҪһطţ취ȥһЩǧĲݣ·
Ҷ뿪ãСӳˣת
ϴһУǸô죡
һС¶ۣҶĺ󱳣˵
ϹأõĶģ
Ϊ׵һǳżӣĸһ£
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ûоܾϰΪˡ


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Ҷڴϣߣؼضǣǵ׵Ĵڣ£ūһ㣬ֻһЩ䵱档
ݣߵãҵľų
ĵ̣ƯϵĽЩҶǰδģ˿Ǵ۽磬Ҷľٴεõ
ҿջˣ
ɫ𽥰ҶҵһܺĿջǸǰȣջݻˡ

ʲôȷ˵ġ
ҶͻȻ¶֮ɫ
ûסһҪʮԪԪ
Ҷ㱻ˣסһȻҪ˶ԪԪֱȥ
ס뿪ҫϲɢ˵ȣûסûԼķӣ֮ǰҪ뿪ҫǣӦ֪ôпᡣ
ƹ˫ۣƺûôҶһۣϾأڿջҲǴӵĴڡ
ʮԪԪ
ȻҶ㲻ʮԪԪôߵļ۸񣬻Ǿ̫ˡ
ǷԿףúˡ
˵꣬ƹӹ̨óһöī̵ԿףȻʲϣ滹Ųٻơ
һǵһεҫɣһӣӦʺ㣬͸ˡ
ƹóһӣӵҶǰʼնûкɫҸʮŵĵӣҲŻܵأҶɢޣƲ
лˣ
ӹӣҶ㻹Ǹм˵һ䣬¥ݣѰԼķȥˡ
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֮Ҷ֪Ϊջ֮ԭˣԭÿһ䶼ǶģǱٳĿռ䣬ͨķ䣬Եõ˱ϡ
뵽ЩҶҲȻˡ
һӦȫֳɵˮ׼õˮʮԪԪҲֵá
ȥ·Ҷϴһˮ裬оȫһ
·ƹ͸ԼСӣҪ¼Щʲô
ӲǺֻܺʮҳңҶ㼸ʮʱ䣬ȫꡣ

Ҷһ֪ҫǻ
֮ԽҫǣΪҫƹܣҪҪҫ彻ɰķãշʮֵĹ
ҫ˹أҫϽϲ׼˴ʱƻҫǵĻһ㣬ҪﳤȥҪ򷿲Щҫ彨죬԰ļ۸ЩҪߡ
߽֮ܶ󣬷ﻷʮʺ棬סջʮְ֮£ֻûܶԴһԼķӣʱﰲȵס£￿ɽϲɱޣߵá
һУҶٴ³һ
ҫ廹ǰԵȻǶԼҵĺ԰
ݣʮֲпᣬ⻹ǲˣȻ߻˺ܶԴҲõ˱ӣҫЩ޲ҿ
½ųɴ½ǻɽɽֻռݾŷ֮һ֪½޵¡
һЩס򣬾⵽޵ɧţϵ⵽޲ʳ֮ܶ£ѡĿɽݵ
ñʮţǶŵĵطϧűϾкܶĬĬţҼʮҲһݣ֮󣬲ܳΪŵӣһ̭ŻһԴ뿪Ŵӣʮֲпᡣ
ϢҶ׼뿪䣬ɫҶȥõǧĲݣһĿľǹǧĲݣȻҶҲᶺ
ϣҹ죬ϻҶ֪ˣΪδϲסˡ
λ̨йҩĵĵط
ҶסһҴҸ·ӣʮֿʵ
ǰһ·ڹһӣڴɣҪĶ
ƺԸĽҶ㣬ܿ뿪
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Ӹ·ߣҶһ·֮󣬹ȻһӣܺڣΪӼ˳ûϣûˡ
Ҷո˵ûֱͣ˽ȥʶҲһܵĽҶ֪һ
ҶһʱͻȻͣס壬Ȼܰܽǹ⣬ʮ׵ľ룬ǰסԼȥ·ﻹλε䵶
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Сӣ˸ˣǼоĻûһҲаʮˣ˵֮ء
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Ҷ㿴ĻӦýоĳ棬һݲûм⣬ĸ˵ˣȫûһطϹϵУҲŹǻ
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ǻһ·ɱǣ뿪
ҶɱⱻϵѪ޷Զÿɱ֣Ѫ¶ɢɷЩɷҶڣӴ̼Ҷɱ¾֮ġ
ȻôǾĻ˵ȻˣҹҾһʲôζһšȣжֱۣһ
ʮִҶޱ䣬ȭͷʱ׼֡
ŸʲôɱˣԺС컹ڵء
ǺӵӵȲˣߴٵ˵һ䣬˸Ͻ֣֮УѹûۿҶһۣƺظķۡ
ǣϴͳ֣
Ժ֣ϵĹͷˣһҶ㿿ɱҶ㣬ȡԴȻͿȥˡ
Ժ֣Ҷ㲻Ѳ²ʲôط½ĵط̫ˣܶѹ֣ѰҿģȥĵطѰ̼õͷš
ɱ
˲ڳɣһҶ۷ɲǴãȻüʮѿʵȴǼٵģĺֶУʮֲ̡


799 Ӷ
˳Ǻӵûг֮⣬һҶ߹˵е䵶һҶն¡
Ȼ಻۷徳ʵʵģ񱩵Ǻˮһ㣬Ҷݺݵѹ
һ֣ҶЦһŻǿһ̣Ҷèһ㣬ͻȻʧԭء
飡
ǿҵײŹͷѹҽС

ӰǶߵķһ㣬ݺݵ˳ȥڿлһĻߡ
꣡
ղųҶֵڵϣǰһ飬ͷȫˣһ
⡭
ǺӵƺûзӦ˼лһˣһɣȻҲʣ°ˣԶˣٳֲ࣬˶á
ҶƣһǺ˹ϳһ˿֮ɫҶϱһǿϢѹԭء
ǻѹҶûжԪ۷Ԫ񣬺ݺݵѹƶ֡
һľ磬һ似ɱˣƾԼǿƣܻɱ֣Խ棬ҪԽսԽԽѡ
Ҷȵ۷ϢںˣԭҶ˾硣
Բ𣬶Բǲԣ뿪ˣ
ɽӵת̫ˣղŻһĮӣתһģҪľжġ
Ϊʲô뿪ղǲҪɱңҵ˫ȣնҵ˫𡣡
ҶǴŵаЦɱⲢδ٣Ѫս⵽Ѫ̼ҪѪҶӵɱ¾֮ģһܵѪĴ̼ɱһ㣬ɺޱȡ
ָð˳ҶҪѪɱ£Ѫһ¾¡
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ҶϢѹȵﻹз֮ġ
㲻Ѿ𡣡
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С
ҶͷˣԸĵˣ϶ҪֶΣţëϸֵʱ򣬾ħ֣ϸյһɶ
ͻȻ
Щţëϸ귴׵ĳ֣һɽӡ

Ҳƺû뵽һֲ屻ѣʱ仯Ϊһŧˮȳޱȡ
ôİ
˲䶼ΪŧˮԼУҲòȥ
˵Ĵָѹ˳ҶתﳤȥٶСȻôϧʬ壬һ̯Ѫˮ
Сһ󣬻ǵƻԻͣ죬¥ԺһƬС
̷ǳ֮࣬зڵ̵̣̣ȵȡ
Ҷ㿴ۻңѹЩ߶ϲֱߵá
ҪԴɽȡԴֿõҫǷȡԼҪĶ¥ԺһӦȫңӦһЩǰ
νңĲɣ˽ȥ֮󣬻ǿѹѹͻƼޣѰͻƵĸо
Ҷż·ʱûȥԵĴ㣬ԺֻҲңԼܳܶٱѹ
λӣԺ棬֤
Ů˹ҶҪȥղɽ˵ԺҶһġ
һÿ
Ҷһһ󰵾֣Ů𿪣ǰûж
ַ绨ѩ֮أ˵ߵķĹ߳У԰ΣʧԣӴһ겻Ϊһ
ֵʮַҶС·̣ڿһģҩ̣ӦгǧĲݡ
Ϊʱ仹磬ûʱ䣬Ҷ˽ȥ滹вѡԼҪĶ
ҩ̺ܴ󣬲ֹҩз鵤ϣϣ¯һӦȫ
ƹģ빺ǧĲݣԽԽã
Ҷʮֿƹıһȭ
ǧĲݣ
ƹһ㶣ǧĲݵϧҩҩûԸɼҩ̺д٣Ȼ٣û˹򣬾ûԸȥɼγһѭ
ûǧĲݣ
Ҷȷ˵һ䡣
˼ǵûҩ빫ȥʡ
ƹҡҡͷûмҶ㣬ȥкˡ
ʵҶʱ򣬾׼ˣû뵽ôҩ̡ȻһǧĲݶûС
֮£Ҷֻ뿪Ѱҵ̣ԼϵǧĲʣ޼ǵǧĲݶռˣҲֻάҶʮµʱ䡣
Һҩ̵ǲ٣Ҷֿܿһңֱ˽ȥ
ͬԣͬʻͬĴ𰸣Ҷ㼸ͬʱ̣߳ΪõĴ𰸶һģǧĲݸûȥɼҪԼȥɽɼ
һְ취ԼǮӶȥɼǧĲݣֻҪǮ˵ȥɼǧĲݣɱ˷Ż𣬹ӶҲȥɡ
ʱҶص˿ջɫǺܺÿֻѡڶ·ˣӶӶһɽɼǧĲݡ
Ҷɲʮ·ѰǧĲݣӵ·̣һβɼһ£԰ĵĸ·
ʱҲˣҶϢȥӶῴܹܲӶӶԼһȥɽɼǧĲݡ
ҶϾէɽǺϤЩӶɽ֮УԵηǳϤǣҶõĲɼǧĲݡ
һҹʱܿȥ
ڶɫһҶϢһϣõ˼̷ָʮöǧĲݣͷϵ֮ۻʧ
Ҷ뿪ջӶȥҫٴ
ϣҶ㽫Сɱ˵Ĵָһ飬оѵһֵͼҫȫǡ
ԴҶ㵹ûϣǵľƣȻɱһЩˣõĶҲֻҡ
ԪԪв٣мſƬʾһЩ֣ԭЩƬǾסӵƾ֤
ҶѹûдﳤڶЩƬûãڶָ档
յͼϵʾǰ治ԶӦþӶᣬҪӶӶţҪƸ룬ΪеӶ
ټĴ棬ʮӣУ֮Ҷը졣
ɫӶش󣬻ЩϴӶԼרŵĹ̨Ӵˡ
һЩСɢεڴΧϣܹӶǡ
λӣӶǻӶŲ˵õӶţκ񶼿Խ¡
һͻȻҶļ֮Уɷ֮һǳŵѪӡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˼ȽϴӶԼĹ̨֮⣬ܶӶŶɢܣȺ˵Ĺ٣һЩӶžӣ˵ע⡣
ܶߣκ޷磬Ϊ棬Ӷ·Ǿһ
ǻӶž⡣
ֱҶߵһǣﻹӶƺǻӶŵĳԱ


800 ɽ
ҶһƬƫƧĽ䣬һ̸ܿˣרĵط
ӽҶΧм䣬Ҷ֪ǻӶŵųжۻӶҲвСֻ۾һ֮ġ
Ϊ˱ʱĹۻֻռһ֣һֻ۾һӴԺ룬⻢ӶŵĿڱǲ
ҶֻҪɼǧĲݣӶҲһ㶣һӶǲɱˣǷŻҲǰһЩ߳䵱
һΣղԽߣӶȻҲ񣬵֪ҶֻǲɼǧĲݣΣϵ϶ǳĵͣΪҶֻҪһ򵼾Ϳˡ
ѿı飬Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ʲô׬ܶԴ˷ʱ䡣
İɣԴ⣬ƽʱڼ֮һ
Ҷ㲻ΪѣӶ֮һ
ãСֵˬ죡
Ҷˬ죬ۻҲٽ飬ҶȥǼһ¡
ǼǣһӶɱȡԴҲǶӶһԼ
龭ǻᷢԹӶһһУȸһĶ𣬵ȵɣڸʣµһ붨
ǼǺ֮Ҷóһӣ˻ų
ȸı֮꣬ʣµһڸ㡣
֮ǰҶѾˣһӶһӶһķһԪԪңˣһ
ҶӶʱ䣬зüһʮҶóʮǶ
ҶǸǵĹϣܲɼǧĲݡ
ʹӹգ
ӶҶһ𳯳ȥ
ҶǽҶӾˣ
ҶûиǣֻǸϣ֮Ҳ̫Ľ֮ǸҶҲᶺȥ
˳ţڻӶŵĴ֮£һ˺ܿɽ֮С
һ·϶ۻʮֿȻҶ㾳Ǽû˿ƲҶ˼
ҶӣɽҪ㽲һҪעЩ
ۻһߣһΪҶ㽲ɽʲôΣգҪעЩʲô
£ҶҲǴ·ϵʱ䣬ŶۻĽ⡣
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Ҷ˵ͷҲ½ķر̺ĵط໥Ӷ
ڶǶɽҲƶɽĶ鲼ûЩԵӶһ˽ѰȫĻųȥΪܶжĵطǶǿ˵ЩмֵĶ
˵ǵľӶһԺ֮ɫȻӶҲѪԵĺӡ
Ҷûб飬ﻹǰңҺԼûäĿĽɽȻΣա
ޣɽ޲ͬط޶ȺΪһսȺޣȻҫǹⲻ˾⵽޵Ϯ
֪֮Уһ˽ɽӭǳʪ֮յľľ޴Ļܣֲضǡ
ȫһԭʼɭ֣ȥһˮ֮Уû򵼣ȥ֮˲ʧ
ҶӣǲɼǧĲݣ룬Ǻƶɽһʯֹ֮УǧĲȽ϶ࡣ
ۻƹӶɽĵʮϤȻ֪ǧĲݱȽ϶ࡣ
Ǿ߰ɣ
ҶҲ뵢̫õʱ䣬ʱȣûʱϢæĳʯֹȵķȥ
һ龣֮д󣬺ܶطûе·Ȼе·ʱ䣬Щïܵľͻɢ·û
ҺûӶžûɽһЩʮ˽⣬ó׼õĿĿٳһ·һ˿ٵǰ
٣һʱ֮󣬿Ƭ򣬽ʯɽϾʯֻʩչ˫أⱻˡ
Щʯͷʮ֣һöö׶һڵ£һȥ϶˫š
ʯ·һһﳤңＸûʲôΣգΪʯĹϵ޲ϲ
ۻΪҶܣʯ鲼ȴǲϲҲûʳ
һ·˵˵Ҳ̣һʱʱ䣬Ҫʯ·̫С
ҶӣϢһᣬвٵ·̣ǱҪܹ
նȹʯ·ۻҪϢ·һʮߵʯ·Ӷͷ󺹣һ·ǶԪ·
Ҷ㣬ͷûһ˿ˮۻҶ㣬ѵһ·Ҷû
żƣӣҶͣס壬ϥ£ʼָƮ·ļٵԪ
ҶӣˡҶ죬ǧĲݼûκҩüֵΪҪɼ˶ǧĲݡ
һ·϶ۻҪѯʣǰӣû˼˵
Ȼô͸¶£
Ҷ㵱ȻԼ׽ֻȥ
ȻҶ㲻˵Ҳü׷ȥȻɽ϶Ŀġ
ЪϢĲˣһ˼·ҺﲻǺܿɽ޳û
ҪСˣǿʼɽ·Ͽܻ޵ϮҲпڷˣҶ񡣡
ۻӶ˵Ȼÿζྣۻǲ䷳˵ȥ
ǣų
ȵ
ųڷʲô
Ҷɻ޲⣬ڷҶ㲻⡣
Ҷ֪ɽһȺ˾һһˣԳƺڷˣûɽҽᣬɱ°ӣ޶ǹӶʮʹޣһǣֻԱร
ۻ򵥵Ľһ
Ҷ˵ͷЩӦþЩȡҩˣɱǣܶȡҩܻȡԴ
Խߣʪ֮أ̧ͷգϿճһװ׵ڵס˵ߡ
ҶӣɽֹУɲҪСЩһȥ϶ȫЩǶγɣһɽϿգγһȻı֡
˵Ƕҩȴڱɽ
Ҷʶ̽ӣȻЩŨŨĸʴԣɽ壬һͻ
ͣ
ۻͻȻʾͣ£ƺֵʲô
Ӷ䵶ս׼
ҶҲɽ̫ΣգҪС¡
ڶۻʾ֮£˻£һͷӴ޴ǵǰ߹δǣֱ뿪ˡ
գ۷ޣһǺȫˡ
ۻĨһ¶ͷϵ亹ɽ޵鼸żʣΨһİ취Ǿܿǡ
ԶԶȥۻվŴҼǰʯֹȵķٸ·


801 ҫ
˸ղŵޣҶ֮⣬Ӷ˶һرǶۻƺΣǿҵжʶѸӦƹӶ
ͣͣ˽ӽһ·̣ʯֹȻмʱ·̡
ǽϢҹʱʺϸ·
ۻҵһƬˮԴأˮԴصмشһ޴ʯͷǿʯͷϴ޾޷Ƚϰȫ
Ҷûзԣʮۻİţڴַ򣬶ۻҪԼҪ
ӶʼæµȥʰҲ˴һЩСޣǹǺǿСޣÿʳá
׼һʱңһ׵ʱɫҲȫ𣬼Χһ𣬵ϣɽʱɭºܵͣ𣬳Ԫֵɺ⡣
Ҷʿ
£ۻ˼ҳϾһ·ϻкüʱ䣬ܲһֱôĬš
ˣ
ֻһСط˵˶ۻҲ֪
Ȼۻ˵ͷ֪ǵĴڣ˵Ƽң϶֪ϧҶ㲢δ˵ԼƼҵĵӡ
ɳɳɳ
ڼʱԶﴫɳɳʲôڵĿҶϷ
жս׼
ۻһʱ侯ܶˮԴ޷ֻܿܿʲô߿
С㣬Ǳл⣡
ڶۻ˽䱸ʱ򣬴洫˵ܿһ飬жʮˡ
ЩƺҲ˾ʯϵĶۻˣ˫סˡ
ҫˡ
ۻ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫҫǣǵȻԸȻҫ壬ΪƹҫǾų
ȥǸҸ˳㽫շˣǿ
ڶʮ֮Уһ׵ĽӣһʮҵŮһĽ֮ɫȻҶóҪöۻǿء
ǣС㣡
ǰһߣϢʮޣҶûв´Ӧؾǻһ㣬˻ңػûС
ǸţʯˣǸϽҹǴСǣԺ͸ҫ壬һʵʵܷŷ磬⣬Ȼд͡
Ǻܴ󣬽ʶȴܴڳÿһ˵Ķ棬̫󣬿϶ǰ
д
ۻ¶һ˿׹⣬ҫ̫Եˣÿ񣬻ȥ֮󣬶Ҫҫ彻һǮֻҪҫǽ񣬾ҪǮÿӶŶһ
ھȻҪǸߣҪǿأֱ̫
Ӷųһŭ֮⣬׷׳׼֣ǶѪԺӣһֱѹͱ˺ܾˡ
ˣ
ҶͻȻס˶ۻǰǶʱ˫ʵ⣬ƾߣԺɨˡ
԰ϴŹЦݣŶۻǼ⣬ָЩɱˣҫ˵ЩūʸûУǣǸһӡ
Ȼҫˣó
Ҷʱۻ˵ǧĲݻûвɼȻôͷͻһ˹ӶԼɼǧĲݵʮֲ
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һ߹һȣҶ˹Ϊһ·ڽϵĴСѾʮƣ
ȥ
Ҷ˵һ䣬һ˴ӾʯϻϣҶ֮⣬ۻӶ֮лһЩŭ⡣
ߣɱ
ͻȻ֮䣬һһӶ׵ȥĲϳһѪ
ţ
ۻͻȻһУ§ͻȻصĹӶȻҫɱˡ
ǸǵĽѵڿ֮дŭ⣬³
ʮ䣬˵꣬һԾ˫Žӣ˾ʯ֮ϡ
ţĺòң
ӶȻֵܣ㣬ʱ䣬ȥΣһ𴳹ȥ˵ͬʹ࣬ڴţȻĲס
վһԵҶ϶¶ŭ⣬ҫ̫Ե˵ɱ˾ɱˣ˼ҵĵ̣ɱˣҫֱǿԵ
ٸϹҪޣǶҪ
Ŷۻ˴Уһȡ
ۻ֮Уɢһȫɱ۳ʵʣţȻԼֵܣЩԼۻͰЩ˵Լֵһ
ӱʮ겻ȥܸţ𣬻Լȥˡ
Ҷ·һħڶۻĶ
ȻۻҶĻ֮ϵɱһܿȫʧɱȫ֮С
ŶۻջɱվھʯϵǴŵЦ⣬ղŶۻǰһƾһʬ塣
Ѳͽǣ˲һ̡
ߴһӣöۻ˸ϵѲ񣬱Ͼɽ̫ΣգؽҲ˵ܰȫ˳ȥ
ĬĬĽţʬ屧ҵһεĵطţʬ尲ᣬܲʬҰ
ҶӣΪֹҸƴʱ͵ȻŸʹࡣ
뿪ķΧۻ⣬ΪҶ̰
ִҪȥΪţҲ㣬ҿԸ㣬㲻ţ𣬷ôţ
ҶһνӣۻִȥֻǲϣȺѪԺӣЩС˵
ҶĻܲǾνӱ𣬾ںһʱ
ǼȥѲߣҼˣ
ʣӶʼѲȥˣֻʣҶۻˣҶɣȴ˼ΰҫˡ
ۻֻгޣţˣҲ׼˶ۻеķŭ
ȻӶÿ궼ʱȻҲӦĸһЩ꣬ţͬҫɱġ
ҶûۻЩҪԼȥһأҶҪС
Ҷһ껯Ϊһй⣬ٴνа棬ٴγһ飬ܲܿС
УҶĽһǳ̨ףسڣһս֮
а۷ϣҶԺɨ۷κξ硣
һСɱﵵĴڣߺһȻأһƶ޵Ŀܡ
Ҷ֮ԲԿҪĿûвɼǧĲݣȵʹԪ϶ᵼԼľ绬䣬Ҷ̣̣򲻱ȥ̡
ʶ֮ɵĿռٴγ֣ǵӰƺҪǰˣѵԼаҲйϵ
ԽǿӰԽԽʵҶ㿴Ҳӵ
ʶ֮ӰȻʼ趯аնһҶ㿴ĸϸŹÿһϸڡ
ϴʱҶֻǿһţһһЩϸ΢Ķһ


802 ʯֹ
ʶܿа˳ҶоһݽߣŻ˲ֽĻҶ޸
Ҫ忪Żˣ
ʶص֮Ҷﰵ
꺣֮УӦоŻҶѾ֮֮ŻӰѾ֡
Ҫͻزܴ򿪵ŻҶʮڴŻ֪Լʲô仯
һʶа֮УȻûпб仯ҶҲջķᡣ
ϴֻǿһţһӰȽʵҶ㿴˺ܶϸСı仯ֻһСı仯Խһһ΢΢Ķܾɰܡ
ɼ似ı仯֮࣬Ҷ㲻һȫס
ĬĬʩչһ飬Ҷ㷢ֽˮԡ
ҹƽûǰɫڳһ˿ףҶҲ֮лָ
һ˿â֮˳һҹĲҶĽٴ٣رǶа򣬸̡
ӶһûϢһήңϴţˣǴͷɥ
ҹǰ濪·Ҫȥʯֹȡ
ҫѾװ׼ˣȻҪҶǼ˿·ǾȻҲȥʯֹȡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ԭΪǰ뿪϶ֵû뵽ҫ徹Ȼǵūһʹ
ۻ¶׹⣬޲ܾҪ֣һҹʱ䣬˿ûĥŭ⡣
ǰǳ嶯ʱǼ£
ҶȻ㲻ֵԼơ
仰ȷʵöۻһѾɥʧһֵܣֵܣԼ˲Ҫһŭҫ壬ֻ
ʣµֵܣۻ̾Ϣһ
֮£Ҷ㼸ǰ棬ʯֹȵķǰȥ
ҫ˸Ƿ˵޼ɵ
С㣬һʯֹȳǧʯ񣬷ҫõɡ
Щ˵Ҷ˵棬ʼ
ǧʯԽҵľؾ
ڽϵŮȻһ߸ϵı飬һİ֮ɫ
ɽҫķΧ˭Ҹ
ƨҫڷԲһǰĴڡ
ǲɴ⣬һβֹҫǰ˾ͽҲյϢҲǰʯֹȣкܶɢޣŵ˲һζ׷ۼǻСΪ
Ůߵߴžǿߡ
ĪϵĵĲ޵ǻСΪϡ
ŮʮĪϵĻϾС󣬶ĪϿһ㳤
˲ڿڣ˴ſʱʱ䣬ѾͣڿһƬʯ֣ռǧĶС
ҶǽܿȥȷвٵǧĲݣܶˣҶ޷ժ
С㣬ЩûʲôôˣǲǸá
ĪϴյŮǰ˵ԣֱӽҶĨɱ
ʱãǻһЩôȵǵõǧʯɱҲ٣ǿǴͷ󣬽ʯ֮С
ŮҫȣҫĴС㣬λߣ˵ķȻҲأȻʱŹҶˣ֮У˿ûаǵֻҪõǧʯҶӶˡ
ҶӣǴǽʯ֮д̽ʵˡ
ۻһҹʱöˣʱҶ㰵н
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ǵ˼ֻû˵ѡ
һҪСģʯ֮гΣؽȥ˵ȫˣʯʱƶռ䣬һ룬ͻ֮ء
ۻСĵĸҶ㴫ʯִ濴ȥʮƽֻ֮󣬲֪жôΣգֻǧĶС֮󣬾֪ˣǳ֮Ϊܶ඼ǶСͿռ䡣
ۻ򵥵ĽʯһҲȥΧἰʯ֣ۻ֪ҪԼЩ˽ȥʲô·ʯ
Ҷ΢΢ɱ⣬ҫ廹Ĳ̣Щ磬˵ֱǼҳ㷹һ
С㣬˾ͽ˵ˣ
ҶǸյãһȺ˵ˣҲڶʮˣһϢǿ󣬾ȻҲػӡ
ӴⲻҫĴС𣬼ղøӷɧˣ
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˾ͽϣͷŸɾ㡣
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ۻҶ㴫򵥵Ľһҵʵ
Ҷ°ͣ˼ԲߣҪһƴ²ô򵥣˭ҲɵӣȻݣǻûеƴĵز
յĹ˳ʯֵΧһЩɢյϢ׷ǰǳǧʯġ
һöʯļֵö˵ƶԴҲϴ跥ëҪҩƳɵҩһ硣
ƹڼŮϣҪܵõǧʯҶȫаڽ׽֮󣬷ʯֱӿؾ
ϧһֻ룬ǿ߻ţܻܲ˵ȥȡǧʯ
˾ͽϸҫȶһ죬ǲ֮˫Ҳһˣֻδֹ
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˾ͽһ棬ҫɫܲÿֻܽŭйҶϣȽʯ֣Ѿм˻ȥ϶ҵʯλá
֮£ۻҶһ߽ʯֻ֣һһҪŭҫ壬ȵѰҵᣬߡ
֮Ҷ㷢Сһ㣬ǰһɽһʯ֣Щʯһܣڳ濴ȥ˾ԼǳңԶ
ҪСˣʯ֮в޳ûµʯˣʯֵػߣһʯ򣬾ͱˡ
ۻҴôСġ
Ҷ֮󣬽ʶȫɢȥޱȾ޴󣬸ȫһԶģߵĸо
￴ܽʯ־ǰʯ֮濴ȥȴǷǳңԶľ롣
Ȼǹ񹤣Ҷʶֻ̽⵽Բ׵ľ룬룬ʶ޷
ǽ֮ҶȴʮָˣΪʯǧĲݺܶ࣬һ·֮ϣҶ㲻ϵĲɼת۾Ͳɼϰٿţάʮʱ䡣
Ҷ˰Ȼҫһȣҫ˷׷׽ʯ֣ʼѰʯ䡣
ʯһּܲһֲʯͷ棬ǵϣо޴ʯ齫һ˸޷֡
ܲѰҵʯ񣬻Ҫ
ǷֿжһתʱǼǱߣߵļʴӣ
ҫ˾룬Ҷʱѵõʱڣһȵ׷뿪ǳѡ


803 Ϸʼ
ãǷͷжһ̫ΣˣҶʱ̱İȫ
Ҷ뷨ۻıϣΨзֿжҫ塣
Ӷ˳ۻĻǲҲӣûһ˿ɣǵҳ϶ȳҶ
ˣϲһˣܰȫĻųȥʣµһ붨һ˫ַϡ
Ҷ㲻ϲ˸ţȻ֪ۻǺ⣬Ҷֻˡ
Ҷִӣۻ֪ǿֻôʣֵڹĵطͻȻȥҶת߷ǰ
С㣬ǼҪߣ
Ҷ㼸˷ֿʱԶҫ˷ˡ
Ǹ׷ȥЩ˾Ȼұҫ壬ˣ
ҫһ֮ɫû뵽ССϣҫ塣
С㲻ɣǰ˾ͽ廢ǲԵ̫˳ȥһֿΣգͺӦǼȥ׷ɱǣɱ١
Īֹҫȣֻɳȥӡ
ҫûֹĪϿǵıܵʯ֮Уʱ̳ΣգرʯˣǳĿֲһ˾ͽڲԶȷʵ˵̫
Ҷתһ䣬ʵδԶͣԭأʶɢȥԼʵȫ˸о
⼸˽֮󣬺ܿ뵽ʯ֮УһʧѰǧʯ
ҥԲѨ磬Ȼ˵ֹǧʯ񣬿϶Ǽ٣Ϳ˭컯ˡ
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εѰǧʯʯޱȾ޴ҪҵʯҲôס
ܿϮҺ˶ӣʱҲûʲôΣա
Ҷһһ㣬ȥѰʲôνʯ񣬶ѰһᣬΪһֱ˾ͽĺ棬˾ͽβƣЩ˸ֿ
Ϊûа취Ƿֿ𡣡
ҶͻȻ¶һ˿аЦʧԭء
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𣡡
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֮УһӰĿһУ˾ͽĻɢһζͻȻʧԭء
С׵Ĵ֮£ʮͷ޽ıƵһʯ棬һ棬߸޷
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ʱҶͻȻ֣֮ƣ˲佫ѹ
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һץһ˾ͽĻҶץ˹ʶֱĻ꺣˾ͽһЩ
ܶ˾ͽϢҶ֪򲻵ѣҶԲʩչ˻ǵҲǱΣΪ˻Ҷǻȥˡ
ϢҶֿ֪Ҷѹȣֱ
ʣһŵɪɪʮͷ޽ΧһˣҶƺһģЩ޸
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һУЩҲߵĲˣ˾ͽʧأˣҲвٳ̶ϵˡ

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֮УһӰͻȻʧˣĿѾﵽҪǻɱԼ̵ǧʯȥ
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Լҫ׷ɱˣܽˮ룬ԼԻˮ㡣
ѰǧʯˣҶ㽫ʶɢѰĵط
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ҫҲһɱǻԲưոݣȼˣȵ뿪ʯ֣˾ͽ뿪
ҫ˼ˣǧʯñ˵ȥˣǰһˣһεĿľǧʯҲ䵽֮֡
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˾ͽϽ˾ͽĽ飬ȽԹ£Ѱǧʯ֮һһֻ
˫ĻʱѹȥˣֻΪһθҵıΪǻδɡ
Ųɢ޽ʯҲڰͲסһʯ
Ҷ㲽ΪӪһǰĿռ䣬޾ʶȥֱӱ顣

ǰʯˣˣ
ҶСǰʱ򣬳ǰЩɢ޿ٵܻȻ֮䣬濪ʼζ
ҶͻȻסΣһޱȾ޴ɽƶʯػߣʯˡ
ֻҪ̤أЩʯ˾ͻᱻϳȥ̤뵽ĳЩصشżʯˡ


805 ת
ҶͻȻһˣܿȺֵ濪ʼζͲܿԣͨȻϡ
ܵʯ忪ʼƶУ·һֻСһ㣬Щʯ޴˫ȣϵؼ̤
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ЩɢӴܣԭʯʮ׳ʮ׿ңգֱҪˣȻҲܱҳࡣ
һ䣬Ҷ㳯ٵĶܣǻһ޷ܿԭʯֱӱû϶һ޴ʯͷƱеˣѻΪ࣬ҽг
ûбе˰ңһС˺ܶ࣬ղֻŲϵǰûй˼Σյ١
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ǿ໥ڽ䱸ҶܿףǶǴᵽǧʯ֮ڽ˫ĶԹ
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Ӵʯ˽ڶˣ˭Ҳ޷ȥܵʯͻȻƶЩʼתһɹǿ֡

һһӦǿȥ屻ʳƬ
ȵʱ򣬴ҲŷӦ׷״ʯ֮һεѹ֣ǾȻܷУƸϵкܴĹϵ
תƣܷУķˡ
һҶ㶼¶һ˿֮ɫȻҶҲһʱ䳯ڷȥϧһ
ҲҪţһƿʯˣܴȥ
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ûҺʯƿǾܳȥˣ
оԽԽأ߿ʼֻͣлӳ졣
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ҶЦһȴ෴ĵطȥνתƣȫĵطʵΣյĵط
ӿڵķó׷ʯˣϣܳ忪һȱڳ
䣡
Щײݺݵնʯ˵֮ϣʯһƬʯ

ڴʱͻ䣬ʯһ޴Уǿֱӽսȥ

һĲҽʮֱӱ飬ΪһѪˮ
⡭
׼ȥҲȫˣѵǶҪ
ûа취ҿʼһ£мλãҲȽϰȫһЩЩ޷ߡ
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һ˵߶˹ȥ
ǧʯҫģ˭Ҳ
ʯ֮ҫһȣʱ˶סΡ


806 ս
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807 նɱҫ
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ʯֱԵһڣ˽ҲʯҲһĻǶۻˣһֱû뿪һΣΪ˰ҫ׷ɱһƬռ䣬Ȼ
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ħʱˣ
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꣡
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ǧϴľϡ٣˵굹пܣǧɷħû˵С
ѵҪʹ˷ҶȥϴľƱѰǧʯҪһǧ
ϴľļֵ˿ǧʯϢ֮󣬶ҡҡͷԭҪǧɷϴľɵĺӲȡǧʯ񣬶ɥ
ΪҲûȻõʯɢȥҲǷһö˲ա
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׼𣡡
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810 ȡʯ
ʯ֮䣬Ҷֻʱ䣬ղſǧʯʱѾһʱ䣬Ļֻǧ֮һǼ䡣
ʯƺоΣȻҪʯ棬һȥҶգܡ
Ȼ֮䣬һֻƮСֳˣǬ˳ֱסǧʯ
ǰгˣڹؼʱ̣ҶһѣǧʯӾʯ֮а˳ֱսǬ֮С
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˾ͽŭ죬ΨһĶҲˣ֪
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½ǱܶԶż壬ԶһֻѰʵԶţǼ½߶飬Ż֡
ħھһԶţǵԶʱھʹµӺٳ½ΪŹɭϣϾħڣһŭʮţħڣҲǷǳ
ħ˵꣬Ҷ˵ͷƺˡ
ħڱϾаɣԺ½߶ռɽǰ˲ţȥ̽һ˽ȥ֮󣬶ȥ޻ء
ʮɳظֽɽѰĵӣҲһȥûٳ֪ɽô¡
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ѹħҶѡɽɽ뻹һ߻ᣬؽȥǾһҶ㻹ûŵضܳԽĵز
ȻˣҸطϢ죬֮ǽɽ
ҶˣǴӻɽϾһ߻ᣬʵڲУҶƻɽ
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ҶУҵһջһЩϢɽҪһЩʲô֪֪ˣܰս
ϾҶǵһκΣյɽҪһʧ


812 
ȽϴӣΪɽǰߵǺܶ࣬ӶҲûУֻԭʼ
ҵһһɾĿջҶϢ죬׼һЩɽĶ롣
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пˣƹĺĳӭӣϾ˷ǳ٣Դѷûǰ
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ԾסûʲôҪֻҪסŸɾС
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͹Ǵİɣ
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ֻһСǣȴ˼ǧĴУϵɫʯͷǧʷѱĥù⻬羵ȥʮ
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ҶȫҾ磬淢һŲֻ֪С
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һ֮ԱǵˣһһΧƻ̸ۡ


813 
ۣܵҶҲˣЩԭΪ˻
ûв´Ӧǻ裬ҶҲʼģҪܵõ磬ǿзӡӡ
зӡޱǿһγֻأɱԼ߳üˣҶڵĿȥȣȻ뵢̫ʱ䣬ܲܵõ綼һδ֪
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⵽Ҷ϶ϧɱˡ
Ҳ£ƫƫҪ鷳
ҶҪĿͻȻϿȥԼķ֮ϣϾӡ
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ȻĿǲδ㣬ʶȻѣֻڻԪ
һյʱ䣬ϵ˻δ뿪һҶ϶ǳԼġ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ͻȻ·ڴ׼˯
һ֮ȳƵıˣҶ˯ߵ״̬СҲſҶߣź
ҹ
ʮƫƧСǣϣϼûߣһжǾĵģһӰèһͻȻҶķ֮ϴҶķ֮ڡ
ûпҶ㣬ܲ̽һûʲôΣգһ㳯Ҷ㿿ѵҪɱԽ
Ǻ˿Ҷ֮󣬾ȻûʲôȲɱԽҲ͵ģġ
ϸĿһҶ㣬Ҷ㻹˯ͻȻڷ治ϵķңǹӣӣһһѰһ飬ʲô
ôˣ㲻˯ܵҵķʲô
Ҷ㲻֪ʲôʱźڷ浽ңһͷˮ
ʼʱҶΪԷͼƺҪɱԼȡϵԴ
ǵ˰죬ֻǼһԼǷ˯ڷѰҶʮɻһ˳ЯǴָὫ档
˵һһ䣬Ӵӳȥ
ߣôף
ҶͷˣͻȻҪߣһץץס˺˵ļһ䣬˻ص˷档
˫ҶվڴԵվӲԶĿӣҶ㷢ֶԷǳʮִ񣬲а֮ΪλҹԼķ䡣
˵ɣ˭Ϊΰҹҵķ䡣
ҶŵЦ⣬Ȼҹǹ⣬Ҳܽ俴һǰĺ˳¶֮⣬ȫ°סˡ
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˵ˣּϸȲеģҲŮģʮ̶ִǲ֪˭Žı䡣
е˼㴳ҵķ䣬ڻҪÿˣ̫ûˣ
ҶЩŭ׼֡
Ҷ㲻ÿƺŭˣ֮һ˿ŭ⣬ͻȻҶ˹ǳĿ죬ƷҲǰɼ
㶯𡣡
ҶͻȻһ˵ֱһһǺҶƮʩչ˼£û
һʧ֣˻ǲģֱڴλ裬ҶҪ˲ˡ

ҶѾˣԷȴҪ¶֣Ҷʮŭ
ΪԷͼƺҶĸйٲǺܻûг̫أû뵽ʶôڷҶɱ֡
Ҷ岻˷ֱӳֱ룬ƵƷֱ֮ӡ˶Էؿϡ
ۣ
ҶһѪӺ˵˳ҶȴˣΪһƬĶ
Ůģ
ҶջƣղŽӴ˶Է壬Ѿ²ˡ
ͽ
˻סؿڣղűҶһ£֮УɱȻһ˸ˡ
ҶһͷߣԼʲôʱͽˣȴҵķòá
˲ϰݣɣֵͻȻȻҲغ۷壬ղŲδչ¶
ȫҶ㲻Ҵ⣬ȶζ˶ԷɱһҶҲ

Ҷڷ֮УصĴ󣬲
ݣ
Ҷ廯Ϊһ⣬Ӻ˹ȥһУ˵ֱժ
ǹ֮£Ҷ㿴һžµףҶü촽ֵ֮޷££ֱùɫҲΪ侹ȻŮӡ
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Ůӱһŭ⣬Ҷ㿴֮󣬸ɱⰻȻҶһ㣬ˡ
ʶң
ŮƺʶҶ㣬˵ǰҲˡ
ûǴܰ
Ҷŵ˽䱸ĶǰľɫŮ֮Уȴûһ˿֮ɫ̫ɻ
ô֪
ŮȫһһʶҶ㣬ΪҶ֪֡
ĸôˣ
ԷıѾˣȻҶ²ûͻȻҶת˻⣬Էĸ
㵽˭Ϊ֪ҵ飬ǲǲҵˣһֱҺ档
ܰ׼ٴγ֣ǲҵˣ᲻ϧһдҲҪɱҶ㡣
ǵô뿪Ы𣿡
Ҷʾɾ裬˼һӱ֮ǰ
㣡
ܰһϸҶһۣƺʲô
ʱ䣬ҶѲǵɬ꣬ģûб仯ȷʵǰˣϸϵһȥ
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ô
ܰȻ˾裬ǰн䱸ϾҶֻһ֮ԵЫΣҶ㻹ȹһ
ԭŮЫʥŮЫ֪֮ĸףʱʩչ칦˥ϣܰԼĸ뿪ЫѰƵķ
ô
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ҪΪб飬Ψб飬κҵĸס
ܰҶ㣬Ҷ峺֮һҶо֮
׼ᴩɽڽ
Ҷƺµʲôɽ֮󣬾һƬΪҶҲҪ·ֻдܽȡ

ܰ˵ͷҶ˵˼
ΪΰҹܵҵķǲǶʧʲô
Ҷʵ


814 ŮЫ
ܰ׷Ҷȼ͵ƣʱʮãҶҲܰȫһʮֲҰס
ôˣǲ岻
Ҷüͷ΢壬ܰɫܲİףǰɫ淺һɫ
ûôȻҾˣڣ
ܰ뵢̫ʱ䣬׼뿪
ȵȣǲ
ҶͻȻסܰһСͰ
û
Ҷгֵİܰ¶һ˿ϲɫ
㻹ûиңΪν
Ҷûнܰʵ
Ҷסʱ֮зһСͰ棬Ҳû⣬Сûж߽ҶΪ˭µļ·
ʱҾͰѶѶҡ
ҶеİܰҪᡣ
ʲôӡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ԼķֲˣȻ֪Χˡ
ܰɫһ䣬ƺҲˣֲ֮ٸ֡
콫ң˵ز˾
ܰһ׼ȥ
ͱóȻĳȥ
ҶͻȻץסۣܰסȥ˵Ⱥˣڳȥ϶·һ
ѵҪԴУǳ
ܰ⣬ҶѾŶ뿪ˣòҵ׷
Сף
ҶͻȻСס
ܰӽʱ򣬾Ϳ˯һԵСףû⣬Сȵӣܸ޻һֱӸԵˡ
С״һǣվһŴ󣬲䣬һС
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ҶԾС׵ϣܰҲȥֱӳȥʮΣգٶҲûС׿졣
ܰԥһ£ѡҶ㣬ֱ
ʼʱܰΪҶǲҵˣԳе⡣
ԾС׵֮Ҷ㸽С׶˵һ䣬С׵˵ͷҶ˵ʲô
ץסҵ壬ˣ
ܰԼһ֮Զһľ룬Ҷʱ
ֻܰǰ˵㣬˫סҶ·ҶС׳ȥԷҲ벻һͷ޳
ߣ
ҶһȣС׵ڿն𣬴Ϸ˳ȥǴӲ档
Ǳˣһͻƣ϶⵽ػȻҲغȣ˲٣С׾Ǵͻơ
䣡
ͻȻƿС׵ڿն𣬳֮Ͽٷȥ˵ء
Ҫߣ
ȵҶԾ֮󣬸棬Ҳһľջ˰Χˣ飬ˣһֳλεı˭Ҳ벻һͷ޴
㵽׵ʲôˣ
ҶһΣȻ̯ˣҪȥԣڷԾеһ̣ԼϮʮϬҲ۷֡
ȥ
ҶһȣֱһĽҶɣ޷赲ҶĽŲ
ͣ
֮󣬾ȻɳȥҶǰ治ԶĵӰЩǴзġ
ŷĽɫһ䣬ԷԼĽܷǸ֡
Сףˣ
Ҷ㲻ͣز죬ҶҲԵ޹ʵУ׽ҶԪս
СͻȻವһʧԭأЩȫѵ֮У˺ѿռ䣬вռ䡣
ҶͻȻоܰ˫ɿˣһȥ
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ҶͻȻתӣܰɫԽԽѿɫƺˡ
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ܰҧ֣廹ǲʹȥ
Ҷæס壬Ҳ˲Ůܲףֱӽ§ڻٵĴռ䡣
оҶϴ¶ȣܰϷһΣҪȴûһ˿ֻܾôţ۾ҶףҶ㲢δǾ۾ȫ·
Ҷ㲢аܰһҶʲôǷ֮룬ܰȻƴŶطҲҪҶͬھ
һյʱ䣬ڽЩ˸˦Ҷ֮д˳ΪܰɫԽԽѿ
ң嵽ôˣ
Ҷһ飬ܰ嶼ûжļҲûˣôˡ
졭콫ó
ܰҶ㽫ó
ҳɣҶ㽫СͰ˳
򿪣
ܰҶ򿪣Ϊȫûһ˿
Ҷ򿪰һӣ֪װʲô
򿪺ӣ
ܰ˵һ䣬ҶһûгɣӴ򿪣ֺһֻڵЫӣð֮Ǿ綾Ы
Ӵ򿪣綾ЫͻȻ˳ܰ۵ĸ첲ϣ˽ȥһ˿˿ɫѪҺ˳Ŷ룬Ы˽ȥ
ʮֲֿҶǿҲǰľ𾪣ŮЫⳡ̫ˡ
Ыʮʱ䣬ܰϵɫʧ˲٣ҲһָЫص˺档
ҶӸϣڰѰϵá
ҶҲˣΪܰڴָ棬ΪָɻһװȥͻҲ˿ջñҶ񵽡
жˣ
ȻҶ㲻֪еʲôӶЫѪҺӦĳĶЫճ
˲Ƚ֮ÿ춼ᷢһΣֻЫܽճȴȥ
ܰ˵
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Ҷһͷˮûֶ
ûȽֻܱ֮ûʲôǲѪһ𣬾һ־綾֮ֶ鲻ҲܱƳÿ췢һΣʱֻ׸
ܰ򵥵ΪҶһ¡
侹Ȼ涾ȴÿһΡ
֮治УҶ㿴ʶǲࡣ
ǿ뿪һǾ׷
ָ֮ܰվҪ뿪
Ѿ˦ˣôỹ׷
Ҷ㼸ܰͿˣ½ޱߣѣ޷׷ϡ
֪ϵȽ֮ܽҾңǿ˳ζҵҡ
ܰʱһֱæڱɫҪǰݲ١
ԭˣȻǸϽ뿪취ϵĶ
ҶҲٳɣվ׼С׵ϣȽɽ˵
УҪȥҵĸףһ뿪ˣͻΣգ
⼸꣬ܰһֱĸĴҽĸ޺תĸ׵⼸ʱ䣬ľԲֹ۷塣
ܰʷǳϧЩ굢ˣûʱããѩԭϵ½ΪԼĸס
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ҶһڴӦܵõغ֮ˮҶǷܰһ飬ҪǣܰŶĹùãҶܲܡ


815 Դ
˲κͣȻҶ㲻֪˭жǿʵǾܵģز죬νǿѹͷߣ
ܰϻжҶҪѲ˵׷٣Ψһİ취ǲϵתƣʲôʱȽ֮Ķؽˣܳװѡ
ߣ
ָܰҶ˫ǣҶ·ָ·
ɫδҶҲǺϤָֻܿܰ·
ܸңô˲𡣡
һ·̣Ҷʱʵ
˵һ˵
ܰʱ䣬ƺԼоһļ¡
Ȼһ˵Ǿʮ䣬ܻ˵ġ
Ҷ٩ŶĹϵҶܰʮ׽ЩŶҪѰҵΨһˡ
һ֮ǰ·Ӫǵʱ˲ټĵϷһŭ֮£ˣֱԷ޾׷ɱ
ܰƺԸ˵̫࣬Ǽ仰˵Ҷˡ
ҵټܰòҪռΪУû뵽͵ʴףԼˡ
ΪΨһһνıˣȻʧȥ˴ڽӴڲܴĺ䶯֪ǱһŮΪҵܶྫӢΧɱܰ
ܰЫʥŮֻ۷壬սسڶܿ⣬һ˲ҵȽ֮
ܰ˵أֲܵһʱҵÿζƴѣֱڶŷ֣Լжˣÿ춼һλ
Ҳûʲô취ⶾΨһİ취ǽĶأҲǳ֮ƣÿ춼Ѫܰɫ˺ܶࡣ
ϴ׷ɱʱܰסҶסǸ䣬Ϊо˲Ϯûü˾ʧˡ
ȵ뿪ʱŷ֣ЫûãԳϷ˻øҶһĻ
Ҷã˾ŲʮܰҲûзԣ
ĸôˣ
Ҷת˻⣬ܰʵ
ᵽĸףܰһȻ֮ɫˣδѰҵõİ취ĸ׵һһ٣һ죬϶Ĺʣ
ܰı飬Ҷûм׷ȥı֮УҶͿˣƺ⼸꣬ĸײδת
İɣ࣬ĸһûµģ
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Ŭܰ˶٣κ˶޷ģЩҲһ㱻ʳֱڣ˵ܻкǵӣܰžһԡ
һʱʱ䣬ʱɫҲ΢΢ҶһƬȺɽ֮Уﻹвٷݡ
ȥɣ
Ｘ㣬ʮƫƧס˾û뿪Ƭأˡ
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ôӵ磡
Ҷ㱻ǰĳľ֪һЩ仯ȻʱҶ㴥΢ż
Ϊ΢ǽԼ뵽֮УȥȥŽ΢΢ϸ¡
Ҷʶ͸һ޵Ľɢ
ָоһš
ϧˣûץס΢⣬ٸһʱ䣬϶򵽡
Ҷû뵽ƬĵطȻܾҵ꣬õ
һľ磬ģ߶ȣȡľߵͣǵΪ
ΪڸߣģȻԳΪǿߡ
Ҳ֪ܰôҵط
Ҷһ·ߣһߴһ죬ҶҲԸżŮԴɾµӡ
İǰСΧźҶ㣬Ҷ㶼˼óһЩҩǶǳԡ
ЩСҶҲһЩϢ
ԭܰһ֮ǰҵطԼĸ׷ȥѰҺǡ
һܰһһ»߼»һΣʱʮҪȥ
չĸ׵飬䵽Щʮܰĸչмӣղżţ壬ƬկȽлȨ߳Ƭɽ
ֻ֮ص
ȷһƿˮŵˮ棬ֻֿܣһִˮҲȾڶ֣ˮִ֮
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ҶҲ̤ܰӣʮּªֻ䣬һ䵱ңһһˣӦþܰĸףʱܰſĸ׵ϣ
мһһʹãҲǴΪܰĸӴġ
߽֮У̧ܰͷȥ۽ǵˮ
ҡһ֪ôƺ
ܰЩһһϣֻܰǵԼĸףҶʲô֪
ͽҶɣ
Ҷ㱾㽫ŶǿĳҶ㽫Ļ˻ȥʱܰģڶĸûܰҲ뿪
ҶڵȵȣԺлڸ
Ѿڴȥˣһҵ˾ͻᵽǱ뿪۴ˡ
ܰ˵꣬Ҫϻڳ˯ĸס
һµıܰƣȻһûнԼĸױˮһλ䡣
ɣ
Ҷ㽫ܰ͵˵
ŴŵЫҶȫ벻֮ǰ磬Ҷ㶼ȴӡ
ͷȻûȫף޽ǳֻҰɫƸ澫ʧкܴĹϵ
ʶ̽һܰĸ׻ǵʩչ·ɣԼߵ״ֻ̬кľһָ
Ҳǳ֮ƣҵǣһ죬ĸľ᳹Ĺ⣬ʱǴɣҲ޷ĸ׾ȹ


816 񹲷
鿴һҶ㷢ЫﺬһöīɫĹӡ
ɹ
Ҷ㷢һͺȣܰҵĹӣǽӽҩļҪҶõҩǧʯϼٱ
Ҵӱѩԭݵ·ϣ֮вժһţöɹĸ׿𻯡
ܰöɹԼϣȻûͻƵأ۷ȵ
Ҷ˵ͷɹ溬дľÿάЫģҲܼꡣ
գɹѾǿʼīɫɫʼ䵭һ꣬ľͻĴ
Ϲһصɻ⣬Խĸ׷Žȥͼ˵ʱ䡣
ҶܱܲһŮ˵ܣ̫㲻˵һˣ޷˼
ı
ܰƺЩɣ侹Ȼɻ
ʵ֮治УֻǽӴɽһǶѣ˵ɻ˸磬ԼܿһأҲڻ¡
ԾдߣԼ濪һ磬Լ֮ϵͻƾ硣
ЩǺ󻰣Ͳ˵ˡ
ȻˣǾҶˣ
ܰı˳ƺҶ㣬ѾڿջΧڸ޷
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֮ôܴĳ̶ϣǿŶϡ
һڵĶڳˣܰĸһ㱻˽ȥƯھħ֮УҶڳһطʺҲõħϮ
Ҷ磬ĸû𣡡
źڶʧԼĸȴʧˣܰЩġ
İɣ
ҶΪģħٴηſܰʶ͸ȥ
ص磡
ܰʶ֮󣬸оһɺ֮ϮҺüʱ˳Ȼͻᱻħꡣ
ԼĸװȻһŴϣܰڷˡ
˵ز˾ȥҴкڳڵң
֪֮䣬˵Ĺϵ˺ܶ࣬ܰЩ̫ˣи˰Լһ
ã
ҶС˴ڵλãɫҲˣҶ׼ɽ֪ܰôġ
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ܰ˰˰֣᲻Ծٴλ䡣
ЫʥŮ߹䣬¶ڵʣǽ죬ȴӣȻòδ䣬ľȴ˷츲صĸı䡣
һ˵뷲Զ̬
Ժܶ޷ͻƵߣֻĴ̬ճΪһǿߣ飬һ䶯ǾƽΨ屾ģܳ忪
֮УܰԾС׵ϣĴկһʧܰʮֵ䡣
Ϲôģ
ҶҪΪҶ㲻뵢ˣԼ׽ϵԽþԽ
Ҫȥɽᴩȥڽĸʣʱ䲻ˡ
ָܰһӡ
ãҲҪȥɽڴһ˳·໥ҲиӦ
ҶԭȽ֮ڸ߸ŶĹϵ˾ͷֿ
Ȼͬ·ҶҲ˵ʲô鶼ˣŶĹϵڸɡ
ҪȥɽѵҪȥ磡
һദԭʶϵ˺ܶࡣ
ǣб飡
Ҷֱӷˣûдȥ硣
Ҷ磬ǻȥһ£Ҳһ飬δһЩҩţļߵʱǸˡ
ܰߵʱȽϴæֱʱ
ԭţһֱмڴկ˻ᶮҽΣһγȥܰҵƵҩȴ˸
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Ҳ˶೤ʱ䣬һһһʱ乻ˡ
Сףֱӵͷ·ȥ
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Ҷǰ棬﷢һХС׵ٶ˲ʧԭء
ԶֹỤ̃ǴӴկĵطɢҶʶ˲
ܰҲˣɫ˳ޱﻹĬĬһҪ£
ʱ䣬С׳ڴկϿգķȫһƬ꣬ĴǴ𣬻ĲҽС
һ߻˴ӻ֮˳ǻ棬﷢ҵĽ
ˮԪأ
Ҷһӣ˴꣬һˮ֣Ļˡ
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ҶԾ£ܰ󣬻ϵĴ֮һƬɢŨҵĽζ
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׳˵꣬ԴһᣬֱӱȫųɾŶս
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Ҷʶɢֺɽ߶һ䣬ʧԭء
´׳ܰҲʧԭأںɽӹ׼뿪
׼뿪ʱҶǿֱӽѹԭء
һܲͨһڵأһǵǰ
ǲҵˣ
ܰҲ֮󣬻ϵ·ʮ䡣
ң﷢ʲôˣ
Ҷ䣬ȻЩ˸Լ׷ǹʣһƬԴ쾹Ȼ޹˽ɱ
һ͵Ҳߣ
֮ܰ˾ȻҶʻܰȵ
꣡
һһ˵һֱ۱Ҷ˺һѪ

ӷһҽУû뵽Ҷ˲̣ûκף˺һֱۡ
ң﷢ʲôˣ
Ҷһ飬һ˺Ȼʵˣ﷢һһʮ˵˳
ҹ￪ʼҵӣǰ׷ɱܰڿջߣ˳Ƚ֮ζҵ
֪ܰѾ뿪һŭ֮£ŭйЩӵϣɱ°ӣ޶еɱСŮȫɱѹִ׳Ҫܰ
Ϊ׳ۿԼϱ˼ɱĵĴ׳˳֮ģ֪ʱôҡ
۵ǣ
ܰϳʹ֮ɫЩôһж
ǲҵȥˣ
Ҷʵƺûˣֻ
Ϊɽ˻磬Ųȥ磬Ƚ֮ȻӵĺǣҲҵɱںһʱ
˲κеһһʮ˵
ޣ
ҶһֱӱҼֱ磬񹲷ߵԸı䲻ٵҶ㣬ðŨɱ


817 ̽
֮Ҷܰڴկڲ鿴һ飬ϣлˡ
ʵҶʱ֪ˣȫ֮ڲһߣҲܰһЩο
ңһŹģ޹˶ɱֱûԣ
֮ܰϣŵĺ˪ЩʮִӣȻҲ˽׳ǰ˵Ҫ
Щ겻Ǵչˣܰ޷ԼĸףһҪ
ܰɱҶҡҡͷҪⲻһɱ¾
߰ɣòҵҲ˻ɽпܣɱһһеκĸ֮ڻ취
ҶŰοȻկֻһ֮ԵҶ㻹ǱǴȻҲ΢⡣
ܰ˵ͷϵĶû⿪ȥҲұżײʯͷһ飬ҪȽ֮Ķ
Сڿն뿪طһƬԴڱһѷܰʮֳء
һ·֮ϣ˵Ļ٣ҶҲûȥܰ˭ﶼùҶˣʱ˲ң飬ֱ񹲷ߣ⵽Ǵġ
Щ۵ĺͯЦȻڲ֮£ıҶϵɱ⿪ʼŨ
Сʱ䣬ڵִﵽ˻ɽڣѾд߽ȥ
Ҳȥɣ
С׳ܲסȵĻˣֱӶ˴ָ棬ҶֱܰóϣŸоһЩ
̤ɽӭһˣǺˮһ㣬ܽûʮֲֿ
ҵĸܰ΢΢Ҷ㣬ֻǴȺ֡
ֻܵ棬񵲲ס˵ϮֻܻһңûҶɽ֧Ųסһʱ
ѹħ˵ؽһСģҪ濾죬Ϊɻҡ
һʱ䣬ҶҲʼܰѾʼ˹ֵ
ɽһ޼ʣͼѿ̻ҶԺﴩԽȥҪ·̡
мһƬط¶ȱȽϵһ㣬Ҫᴩɽϵʱ򣬱ҪϵǸطȻһܲˡ
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˵ĽŲܿ췢ǰӰζ
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Ҷͷˣ˵˿̸ûоȥѰʲô磬ܰȫĿɽҶͰӷˡ
Ȼлɽʵֻǧ֮ɽ࣬޾Ԩֻһ·ܺᴩȥܿǰӰҲ
ǰ淢ʲôˡ
ܰһֱעǰ棬ǰ治Ӱشƺڶʲô
ħޣ
Ҷһʶֻܴ׾룬ٶĻͻᱻܵ˻ħ޵Ϣ
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ܰһʱ뵽õϧʵ̫æûʱ׼
һνĺܶʵҲõ˶˽СǵõˣֻһС򵽡
Ҷ㲻磬õҲһգòôࡣ
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ҶӦѪ֮Ѿһνߴǧңܶ뵽棬ҶӦ
֪ܰѾҶ㵱ĹǣҶ˵ŻŲ˵ٶһӾ
ʱ֮ҶڸղӰζĵطֵֻʮߺǣҶһЩǶΪɻҡ
ǶǱħϮм˹ϵ񱻻ħ޳ֱӱϮ
ҶƶϣӼ˵ĺ֮УóĴ𰸡
ֻΧҪ뵽ɽ֪ʲôΣգҲ
Ҷ磬ΪʲôҲݣ
һֱô·ҲȽģܰ˳ĬҶʵ
ܰҶû򵥵˵һ¡
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ѰҶ㾹Ȼ˴
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ҶԳЦЦܰĸףᴩɽΪκĸף˶ٿ࣬ҶĲʲô
һЦΪݵĿһӱ˴˵ҵ˹ͬ㡣
һ̸ܰԺöˣôأȷ
Ժôģκĸ֮󣬻صѩԭ𣿡
Ҷʵ̽Ե
ʱ֪
ܰû˵ѣΨһ֧ĶκԼĸףĸκˣĸײˣúȥδӡ
һֱܰû⣬Ҷòǡ
ڳĸ֮⣬𣿡
ܰȣҶ㻹ǱȽҸģϾĸڣкܶ۰Լˡ
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ܰشĺܸɴ࣬СЫ׵˾ǹҲˣЫ಻ڣѩԭҲزȥˡ
㻹ˣӦô죡
Ҷһ̽ϾܰŶĹϵͬһ㣬˲ϵֶŮñֻͬѪ
ܰŶĸͬĸĹϵܰܲܽܣҶ㲢̽Եʵ
һˣһػһϧ첻ڸᣡ
ܰ˵滰˭ӵмˣСܰûܹ˵鲻ʲôҸÿ춼ǱҪԼ
ģ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪ܰ롣
ܰҲû⣬ΪҶ˵ԼĸδΪȥ롣
ԽԽǻһ㣬϶ͨ죬Ҷ㻹һЩϾԪأγһѭϢת
ܰͬûԪأֻԪֵʴܿ͸оԪĲ١
ָң
ҶͻȻָ֣ܰܰԭء
ܰҶЦһƶԷԼɵͽˡ
ûб뷨㻹ᴩɽͰָңȻ߲һ룬ͻᱻ濾졣
Ҷ˵ԭҪܰ
ԥһ£ܰҶ峺ڿҶɫЩ֮ͨ⣬ϺҲǺֵܶ࣬Ҷ㡣
ֵ֮ܵ
Ҷ͵
һܰڽǵһǣԼ֣ܰСֱֱͨͨҶƴһϢ֮ܰŷӦ
ֻֽһҶԴԴϵĽԪشֱܰӷԪֵ棬ϵ¶Ⱥܿ콵
˾ǣ֣һС£Ҷǰ棬ܰһ۽ǲϵĴҶ㣬ҶϵʾȻ˲һ
Щ꾭̫飬Ҳ̫ˣ˵ﻰ˴կˣܰûһö
ƸСЫҲкܴĹϵһֱųˡ
Щĸ˼ԼɫԵӣȻεٺãҲܿһĨռ
ǵܰҶ͸̶ˮһ峺ľŷҶϵʸ˲һ
Һѵ𣿡
ҶͻȻðһ仰ǵܰһӺŷһ·ԼһҶ󱳿
ˣ
ܰ˶ţû뵽Ҷˡ


818 滨
ܰһƬߺ죬ȴ˵ĸҶ
ԴԴϵкܰϵĺһʧȻЩȣǲӰת
Ϣһ£ǲһЩˮ֣
Ҷ˴ĺطȫ֮ȡˮԪء
ϧǻɽ춼ǻԪأûһ˿ˮԪزԺĵķǳҪˮԴ
Ҷ˵ϢܰƺЩᣬСջ֮ϳһ˿֮ɫ
ƿ֣ǿջƹҶ׼ģһ㣬ˮԪطӿҶ棬õ˻ָ
ЧҶ㣬ܰҲָһ㣬ˮ˳ë׽棬оһղŵȸȫʧ
ƿ·̣ҶҲҪʡŵ㡣
򵥵Ϣһ£Ҷ֣ܰһιɵİ˹ȥҶɢ
ʱѽ磬ȻҶɢĺһ㱻ŨҵĻƲһ㣬ڻɽ֮ϡ
¶ǧϣ
ܰһθҶ㲢ߣһ¶ȣ˵Ҳǧȡ
ûмܴųȥ
ҶһֱǾ仰ֻǧ֮һܻ뿪ǻɽĿ֮
Ҷ磬ǰڴ򶷣
ΪߵĺһѽҶǲŸһС·̡
ǹȥҪ
Ҷ֣ܰ˿ٵĿжʮĳ
滨ȷֵģǲƾʲô
ԭһ滨ֻ溬ŨĻԪأҲ֮еһֻ֣Ԫص˲ܷã溬дĻ֮
ЦԹﶼ߾֮ϽҹȻݹǲҲ
Щ˵̸ҶܰĶҶԵĸоܰðŨɱ
ߵʮӦǽɢޣұǲҵˣ곤ǲҳϣǲҾӢӡ
ҴһµĽҵĵϸһ
Ҷ˵ͷҵķһ۾ϳˣվΧмˣǲȥϣͷѪܾˣǾͿ֮
Ҳ±ԵһöɫĻ䣬һǻ滨ջ澫һ
ȻǺö
ܻ滨ɢĻ澫ҶҲǰ棬ȵĵطȻܳĻ滨
ö滨Ļ澫ֻǱȻһأҲ֮еٮٮˣԪأһ
ϧҲҶķۣǻ磬Ҷ֮ģϾӡ
Һ˲ƧĵطռɽΪΪԼĳˡ
һߴų֮ɫǶǴӺԶĵطģûаѲҷ
⸽Ҳһ壬Ƿ۵ݣСĸһֻһ
ߣǲûк˲𣬵ǽɱǣ練ƣ
ȻǴĵشϾҲһ壬̲һ㣬ҪһЩɢǿˣϾ˼ϵͳĴС
˫һӽ˫ƾУ˭ҲϷϾ滨ǰѵһı
ȻˣǾ¼£
Щһ֮ͽȻҲóȻĽɽ֪Ǿһ޷˵ĽĿľǻȡ
ڱǰǹãǴҲͬģԴ
ɱ
ʱ䣬˫һܵЩ룬滨ãǵȥԴһʱ䡣
ƫƫвģ˫ֵʱĵĿ£ȡ滨

˫ûȣȻ˸ҳû͵߻滨ǲһЩ֯һɢޣ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ݣ
ͬʱʮҪ˵ӣֱӱ£һɻֱ֣ӽɵ
˭ҲҴ滨ˣֻԶԶĿš
Ҷ磬ǲòҵ˵óѣЩ˺ǲ˵Ķ֣Ͼʺö
ռϷ磬ܰҪȥæҶ㰴סˡ
ǲżǶˣٳҲ٣αڳ֣
ҶŲɵأ˫ʲôϵö˲źãȹۿȵǶƣʱڳҲ١
Ҷ¶аЦܰҲû˵ʲôΪûһöΪԴ໥ɱ
ʮغϣ˾Ϳʼܲˣ潻֣ԪҲ֧һʱ֧һյʱ䣬ǳѵãΪ¶̫ˣҪֽԪˡ
ٲ뿪ݹǲҲˣ
ҲɵӣȻķ̫ԪϾ滹кԶһ·ҪߣأҲҪʱ䡣
мûвĵطһٵʲôֻܻͷرԪĴֻ֮ԪԪָܳ˻Ԫأһ˿ûС
㵱ɵ뿪뿪ҿǲҲŸ뿪
Щɢ޶ǹ⣬ķܰװ׵˶ߣȻƴһҲϧ
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ЩҪԼ滨ʮһ¶֮ɫǵ󴦳һССͲ
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ܰҶ㴫ǱְˣɫȽ֮
ߣǲҵ˱ˣ
Ϸû꣬Ȼòôɵľܵõ滨ĳ˼öҩ
ϵձʮֹ죬ҵ˷ֱ¶֮ɫɱ˶˵Ǽҳ㷹飬Щڲеߣֱʤ
ЩƺԲҲİڲҵһЩֶΣҲ֪֮࣬ԿͻȻͣʩչĶˡ
ҵģݹǲˣ
һϣֱһţǰЩߺȻ
֮ʹöкܴĹϵ߲ܶԸǣŵ²ԽԽš
ݡ
ڲʮ׼ͷŶһ̣ͻ䣬ϵͲȫըЩйԼ˹ȥ
ͻ˭Ҳûзֻǿ˲ҽһ
ҵʬǶ
һͻȻһҽУ忪ʼȻأȻҲֵסʬǶ塣
˭͵Ϯǲңҹ
мʵǿ󣬵һ̣óⶾҲֹסˣûôˣҲʱ䣬ҸղŻʮˣֻҡҡλεվԭء
ܼžһƬû˵վڶЩɢ޶ɻˣѵϲԲУ
ܳǣҲûˣǳ֣ҵ˿϶֪ʱĺ岻
ڲȥһ̣ǵİͲ˴ˡ
ܰŹҶ㣬ȫ벻ҶֶΣʱ仹һĿ顣
ȥˣҵȻͻ֣ᷢˣѾͷųȥˣҶ㵽ôģֻҶԼˡ


819 Ʋ
ԼĶɨУʮˣȫöǿ֧ţʣϣΪýҩʱʱ֮ǡ
ЩɢҲ֪ʲô飬ΪԼ¶й©
Ҳȫ϶ǰ˸Ĺ
ܰʱҶˣ۾磬߳Ҷ̫࣬ȻҶ㣬֪Ҷǳ֣ȫûаսʤҶ㡣
˭ҶǲҶ֣
ʣµѣӣʣ˹Ҳ˶ã棬Ȼܻϧǻɽ
ܼžһƬֻܰԭҪȥկ˱𣬿ϧǱҶסˡ
ҧһëֻҪ־ˣɱ˺αҪԼ֡
ҶܰʱɱȫԼΪҶֻҪƲͿ˫໥ɱǶʲôöһ֮ѡ
Ųҵ˱ԼɱɱжжЩɢ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ֵǣŲо綾һϣɱˣڹϷֻ滨
ЩɢҲ֯ģкһʮһ𳯲ʣµ˷ȥ
ڻɽҪʡԪһ֣ȫɱУԼ֡
ƾҲɱǣ
¶ŭɫͻȻȥһ⣬žһһѤ̻֮ը
ǲҵźţҵȡ
ܰҶܣʮֻǲһСֶѣһνɽ˰ңΪ˵õ硣
ɽ߻ƫԣԻڲ˵ڱصá
ǲҵźţ
Щɢ޶Բҵĵϸ֪֮Ȼ֪ȡ
ϧǻɽܷУΪԽߣ¶Խߣ֮ϣƣһͻᱻȼΪҽ
Ԫĵ˭ҲʩչԪĵر졣
һսʼˣȻʧˣս˿ûм٣ΪǶǴƴˣϣ˵ܸϵ

ڽֵĹһɢޱһɨУʱ䣬ϾѪˮԴ˲仯Ϊá
ò̵Ķ
Ҷ㶼ǰľҵֶμֱ֮
תͷܰҶǴŹЦݡ
㿴Ҹʲô
ҶôֱĶţܰڡ
Ϊβûжʩչ綾ĶȽ֮أ
ҶЦԽԽʢƺµһЩ
Ҳ֪
ܰתԴûҶ˫ۣƺҶܿ顣
Ҫ׽ɣǽɱ
ҶŵЦ⣬²ûҵȻɱܰӵһۼ֮󣬾ͱܰòʩչȽ֮ܰÿ춼һλĻᣬǾܽ׽
Ȼ֪Ҫʣ
ܰҶһۣ˵Ĺϵ֪رҶǣܰС֣˫һĪĹϵ
һҶȫ֪ܰȫΪŶĹϵ֮԰ҲΪŶĹϵ
̸Ĺ򣬳ѪɣϻҲʣһɱʮɢҲüˣڲҲĶ֮¡
ЩҪˮɢӵԶԶأҿĶҪǱմһ㣬϶֮ء
ŵϵʬ壬Ҷҡҡͷû뵽һССĻ滨Ȼôĺ䶯Ҷ㶼뵽ġ
뵽ԴѷҲͱȽϺˣϾﲻݺĵشԴʮѷһ滨̶ȲԶ
ף
ҶͻȻüͷһ壬ϳһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ôˣ
ܰҶ粢磬ȻҲҶɫı仯
滨ȻˣԭΪһ滨֣ϧƴ
Ҷ㷢±ϵĻ滨棬һŻɫĹӣֻ۴Сǻ溬пֲĻԪأգҲܽӡܳ
Ȼ磬Ļ֮ҪȻ滨ǿʮϡ
ҶԻ滨ûʲô֮ģҲͷҶͻɽһ׺ͻȵĸо
飬ɽҲһԼԣܽԼԸɽںһͻһϣ˫˴ˮ齻ڡ
滨ö滨ǲŽãȻǰͷˣ
һ±ϣ߿һ룬Ǿһ֮󣬾ͻɢӺԶĵطŵ԰Щ˶˹
˫սνǾʾףϿʼ׽⣬ʮɢޣҲֻʣˣ˲飬ֱӱ֮죬Ϊһ߸ʬ
Ҫڼһѻа
˫뵽˽״̬Ҷûкӵ°֪ͣʲô
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Ҷ磬ôģΪҶûиӦôΪһˡ
˫ڽȥΪһ滨һ˫ЩֵˣҪ̫ˡ
Ҷʱ𣬽˫ĻٴεţղŵĺɫǲҶɵļ
һ˫ΪʼգҶ㶼ûгֹ
㾳絽ˣԺȻ֪
ҶһӣҶ㲻ҶӦ˾壬ǲ֮أܸκˣҶֻһѡ
ȻҶƲ֮£˫ս֣ɢһˣҲܣֻʣһˣһˣʣһһϢ
ŵһ߾ߺǣʣµļ̾Ϣһƺڿʼľٶ
žžž
˫ֹͣ˽֣ʱһˣӰԶ¶˳һǿ
˳֣һȻһֱǱܡ
ܰʱ򣬲ҳһŭ⣬ϧˣ޷תԪ
Ǿʣ
ƵĵȻҶ㣬˫ƣһһأɵĽɱ
޾ǲɥĲˣͯ޴֮˶ŹǾͲǴ𡣡
ܰеŭڱͷ˳ղżҪ֣Ҷס˳ʣҳַ


820 ȡ滨
ܰĳ֣ȷʵǲҳû뵽ģһµ׷ɱŴڿҪ׷ϵʱ򣬶ߣھȻˡ
ЩɢƺҲ׹ˣղŲҶԼըŮҲкܴĹϵЩɢ޸ǴɫԵܰ
㾹Ȼҳ֣ǽϷ𣡡
в޾ĳͻȻҧ⣬һɾɢԪȻȫָ
ӦһطǱȫȵԪɥʧȫɢһ㣬ٴһ꣬
棬ѨҶ;˺üöѨ򲻵ѵʱǲᶯѨǴͨȫγһѭԪԴԴĹӦݽߡ
ЩԪǱЩѨ棬ȻԪľһͨطԽдܵԪ˲ٴս
Ǳ׶˾ǣһԪľ޸֮ҩ޷ٻָҪʱ侲
޾ʹطȫȫɣ׼ɱܰ
һƴʮֿµģ޾Ϊɱܾܰ˵Ĵ򷨡
Ҷ磬㲻Ҫ֣Ҫկ˱𣡡
ܰҶ֣޷𣬴ɱ޾
Сĵ㣡
ҶûǼɢޣⰵв֡
ܰ˵ͷһ޾߹ȥϵɱ⼸۳ʵʡ
Ů˭ΪŨɱ
ѾԶļɢ˻ܰðɱ𾪣һŮȻҪɱˣɱҲôŨ϶񹲷ߵ顣
СѾͷʱȽ֮ζܰɣΪҵʲôｫѪҺܻҸ㣬ʮ죬ڲ⿪Ƚ֪֮ǲҵˡ
޾Цܰɫ࣬ʱ䣬Ƚ֮ȷʵĥȥÿһζǻаĶЫһ񺮡
ģȻҲǰ棡
֪ܰȽ̫֮ǿԸоЫյٶԽԽдѪҺĶأ޷ȥ
ΪҺķԪ޷ɱɣ
޾ֳһͲģĶ׼ܰһֱǲŵԭ
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821 ܽӴ
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ŸӲ˼鷢Ҷٴһطһػأһȥһء
ҪԪоܵĲٿزſԣһ岻ܿƣֱӻ档

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оָһЩܰҪҶĻϾ˹ϵûеһһֱҶ㻳ܰһֱǻġ


823 
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СӣҪһᣬǵǰүүҲῼС˵ϣֻǷΪ
˵ЦƺԷһʮֿĵ顣
ǲҵԽоôŨ˾ܻȡϵİοǻǲ֪ܡ
ҶɿЦתɱԷĻŭˡ
ûǲҾôԽȻ㲻ԲãȡĹ
ˮͲסˣսپǰ̫ˣ֦Ҷɱڽܰ׽


824 ħ
Щֵ˷׷׳ԶãⱻҵĶɨУǻɽ棬һЩҲԪֵ
ڻɽÿһԪޱ󣬵Ȼ׵Լ⡣
ˮһҶ˹غڵϢǺˮһҶݺݵѹ
ԲˮѹҶɣ徹Ȼ㷴ӦûС
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ЩƶҶˣôܣѵҶ˾硣
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Ҷһɨеȫʧһǿˮѹ
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ˮһǿѹȸУΪҶغڣԼ޼ԪĴϾܸӦ
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ҶͻȻоһתͷһǵҲ㣬Ȼ󴳽˻ħ޵ĳѨ
ܰҲˣСֽץסҶ½ǣʮֽš
µǵض˶ĻħޣҶֻаöõҪȥ϶Ҫһֽš
һңǳȥ˾ȵʱԽãħ޵ͻԽ࣡
Ҷ㵱ϣ׼忪һȱڣܰһ뿪
Ҷħޣĵط׷׳ִĻħޣһЩڶѨ֮еߣħ޶ס˳ڡ
ҹ٣һϢɱ࣬ǻħ޸ɱ
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825 ħ
ܻϮϣͷħ޵ϮԲһ仰
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ϧҹܺڣҶδ͵СŮ̬ܰΪöõУһȥ
ȵʱ֪һεشмǰȥܶͱڣǻħ޵ĳѨ
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С׸Ҷ͵СӣΪħ޸СײһңҶԷлٴˣνһɽݶСҲлΪħ޵ĻߣȻȻĸܵвԸܷҶ뿪
С׵ĽͣҶ޲ܳԼһ⣬С׳أС׳֣ŪøħΪС̵ġ
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ʱȣҶ֪СǸȡʱ䣬ϣͨǣħʣħ޾һɢɳҶлȥ


826 ǧҺ
С֮ôʵΪ˸ҶڳȥҶ֪ܲ
ܶ޶ԼĻߣڹʱɻͳһ໥̤鷢޵˼ߵľ磬Ǹ졣
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ҶΪһ㣬ܰϵĶܽ⣬ҶܺܿҵȷеλãҶܲһֱ׷ɱ


827 滨
еľȫָҶ㿪ʼܰϵĶأϣлİ취
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ˣԼĸ׿϶ԴϣҶܽ˺һ
˵㲻ģ
ҶżᶨܰҪϣ»һϣҶ㶼ȥȡ
ڵҹܰһ˿м֮ɫһůĴȫô󣬵һαôġ
ϧһҶ㶼ˡ
ͻȻҶһɫĹӣǴ±ϲɼĻ滨
Ѩ¶˲ߣŨҵĻ⵹ӳ˵ϣѨˡ
Ҷ磬ѵҪö滨
Ҷóܰʵ
û
Ҷ㻹ǴȻܽӡҲγһΣԺлᣬռأ׽ӡɡ
һ˿˿رҶ뵽֮У˲ԾһǿҵĻԪزҶϳ֡
˫յٶ̫Ҷֱӽ滨ħʼ
һȵĻ֮ھħ֮ըȵħ棬ܶࡣ
ԭأ˫ֿʼӡӡķһµϢڶ֡
Ҷµӡߵܰ񶼿ˣʲô似ΪλҸоļ¡
ܰȻӡǻδγɣһССĶܵշ·Ҫһ
һʧܣӡзӡǿһУӡӡҪӡĹΧ֮㣬ֱδš
ڤӡҪѹһʺϵս˲ѹ֡
׵۳ӡǽֵ߽ĹƣС޵С
ӡǴһӡﶼǻ棬׵ĻһǣĹƿ¡
ҶҪﵽָ߶ȣǰľȻʵܽӡѾɹˣܲǧľҪϵȥ
Ļ뵽֮У·һɽҪҪй
ҶӡδɣòйЩ֮ͻᷴҶԼ
ʱٵţǧ飬ҶǰڳһСŻӣֻǳΣǳС̸ӡ
ӡӦһŻ򣬴ǻһ㣬ܷء
㽫ˣ
Ȼ֮еӡҶʮˣԼɹһ룬һֻҪԼõ˻أ˳ɹ
滨ΪҽҶգˣö滨ܰͨһ磬ҶϣֻܰԼһ似
Լ˷ѣҶԼҡҡͷĵ·֮ԶҶ㶼ԼŸҪԴֱúݡ
һҹܿȥҹܲƽĴǻħ޵˺ҧһҹȥв˳׵˻ɽ
һҹĴҶ㻹ܰľ񶼵õȫָҪǼǧҺİ̫ˡ
ǳɣȡ֮ǰϵϿȣǶȹȥ
Ҫɽ뿪Ψһİ취ǺᴩϿȣһǧ׳ţҲ֪ˡ
Ҫȥô򵥣Թܶȹ֮١

ܰ˵ͷܿϿȣȻҵ׷Ҳ޹ؽҪˡ
һ߳ѨҶͻȻһֵ⣬ԼɽһֹƺܴȸҲʺǿҡ
ѵ滨Ĺϵ
Ҷͣס˽Ų
ôˣҶ磡
ҶͻȻͣסŲܰʵ
û£ǳɣ
Ȼ㲻ҶҲȥ룬Ǻ£õĺҲʡԼ
ɫˣħ޺ٳ֣Ҳٵ⵽ħ޵Ϯһ·֮ϣȥĺǣƶϱħ޹


828 ҵı
ٳʱҶоԼɽǧ˿ƵĹϵܵĻıܿԼƺ滨кܴĹϵ
ҶҲû⣬Ͼ滨л֮飬϶׺
ڻɽ֮ϣֵǲкһҹʱ䣬˽ӽһˣܰȫȥ֮١
Ҷ磬ѵ㲻𣿡
ǰܰҲʣǾ֮ܰʣƺҲ֪Ҷĳǿ似Ҫ֮Ϊӡ
ûȤǰҪǸϽȹɽܸõĻϵȽ֮ȥ϶ˣԴϡҵƽȽ֮Ľҩ
ҶûжȤǰҪν⿪ܰϵĶ
Ҷһܰ˸һ˿м֮ɫҶԾĶҶ󱳣ƺһǰδеİȫС
ʮƽƽҲȥܶ࣬ʣ޼ĹϵٿˣϿҲֻС·̣ڵʱܸϵ
ֵķҲںϿȵ·Թû֪Ͽ浽ʲôֻйҽȥʮ
Ļ֮£һγ̬
ǰˣ
Ҷǰ棬ǰмڵϣ֪Ϊ֮ûлƣʱ¶ȲǺܸߣڵϵļ˾Ȼûбȼա
ǹȥ
ܰһҶ㲢ǰٸȥӰڵϰ
һܻЩˣ
ܰϳЩˣʱǻһܻ꣬һǸǽ
ңȾǣ
˹ڵϵ֣Ҷȡ
ʲôˣΪβܶ
Ҷһ˸ûˣΪڵϡ
ǡǲҵˣҪ̻磬ʼɱˣֻҪߣȫɱʣ²һңȻûˡ
ߴһڴ˵
ǲң
ʱĴȻǲңﶼǵӰӡ
úݵģΪ˵õ磬ȻɱеˣѵͲǴ
ܰɫ࣬ҵ£Ѿ񹲷ˣ޲硣
ɢ޵Ȳҵ٣Ϊε˰Ե
ҶʳɻһνмˣҲңҪɢޣƺܡ
˵Ϊ׼˺ܶõûô⵽ħ޵ϮҲЩɢޣĴæûõһҹʱ䣬˲ء
ҶƺˣдҰģõȫ¢ϣΪ˽졣
Ϊһö磬ȻͿ̿ôȥһ⵽Ӧ
ҶŲʲôӦܰ˵ֻ꣬ƲƲ죬磬ܷľǱӦֻǿΪ
ǲҵ
ҶҪСģΪҲɢһ࣬Ȼˣҵˣ϶Źǡ
Ͽˣƽҹͻ֡
ҶóöⶾǷãɫöˣҶ㽻̸
лӵľ֮
վ֮󣬳Ҷһ
ǽôģ뿪ǰϿȣ
ż˻ָ٣Ҷʵ
ҺòõĶǺأֻǽɽֻҪ㲻жһʱ䣬ͻᱻԲ˺ţֻǽ˶
ȥϿȣǣǾ㽻ˣȻҲʣݹǲ塣
ҧгݵ˵ҰģǱҪһ˵
Ҷƺ¶һ˿΢΢Ц⣬ڴġ
ҲǰϿȣҲһЩԹһ·໥ҲиӦ
Ҷװӣʮֿĳ˵
ҲãһߣȻңҲһս֮һνɽȻûɢ޶࣬Ҳʧأһ
߶ԣҿ϶Ҳʧˡ
ĿҶɱַԲŸ˵ңҲһս֮
Ҷܲף΢΢һЦȻûǣңҶҲŹǡ
ʹӡմ
˺ܿһ·Լһ򰣬ʱҶ㱧һȭܲһֱ˶˵Ľš
ҶλϹ
Ҷû˵ȫϾԺҲʲôˡ
ҶӣϹһԣҹ࣬зֱ࣬һԡ
٩٩̸ղŵһɨ⣬ȻҶܰࡣ
ȿȣˣֻƼˮꡣ
ҶһͷߣⶼĸĶ
Ҷ˵֮ĹϵƼˮ꣬ܰһӰѵĶԼ֮
ŶŶ˼࿴ʮ׼ǵȷз࣬ԣǿ໥˴˶˽һ¡
Ǵϴ֣ѵͲܰĸԼǸ˵ν˼ϹﻹŮ˵Ļ˼Ժôˡ
ȿȣǲ̸⣬ϣ㵹˵˵Ҫ磬ҪЩʲôֶΡ
ҶһֶܰԷϺĸƻƵãæ⣬Ȼܰ϶ߵ޵ݡ
ĺ壬ı㣬һǳɫʽһ˺ѷֻ֣ȥɫʣ¶ΪԻ࣬ڳؾʱ߻漸һģһĻ磬˸֪һġ
һΪҶͣҶۼЩǾȻ֮ߣȡѪûӰԻˡ
Ҫ׽Ļ磬ǳѣһжͻǱҽ棬ڳ֣ʧȥ˻ᡣ
Ͻ˵
ԲҲҪɱ䣬ͲֻҪ֣ǼٵĻģһȡ˶ྪŻ硣
Ҷƺµ˲ҵͼ
ûΪ˻磬ϧɱˣǵõò˶ãҽһԺЩɢ޾͸ûĿռˡ
˵̾ϢһȻңƬϣһЩ
ԽǿǵռͻᱻᣬԴ¢ˡ
ҪȻ滨ǿһٱһö滨ҶӡĳΣܰؽؾ
ҶѾ֪Ҽؾõ磬϶ͻͻƵؾͿԴﵽλá
òҵõ磡
һ˵ĲҶ㣬ܰҵõǴկĳ𣬲֪²ܱ
ûòҵ˵õ磬ȻǵòҲõ
ͬܰȻܵõҲҪƻңõ
ߵĲǺܿ죬һʱ֮˸һ飬ˣڵϰ


829 
һм˿ٱȥϺңˡ
ôҲ
һѳȥסһµߡ
һ
ߣһѪһĿЦ
ˣ
ҶóһЩҩЩ˵˷£Ϊƹأûмˡ
˵ǿˣ˾ҩɫһָˣҪһʱ䡣
˵˵׷ʲôˣ
ʵ
ңղҵˣǲףͶǳ֣Һ˶࣬һˣҲˡ
ϿԼѪ˳ɫÿˡ
ǲңһƴˣ
ˣһ֮ɫΣҲòҺùǶҪ
Ҳг𣿡
Ļһɻ֮ɫ
û˽ղŵ˵һ飬ҺҶ㣬Ȼˣ
һҰģȻҪɱˣԼ̻硣
ȹһɫΪѾĵµߡ
ôģ뿪Ҳˡ
ҲһƢֱ˵ʵ
ȻҲ˱ǣѾһˣһˣ¸񰡣˸ƴˡ
ԵһѪԣÿĶǵѪӣͿˡ
ãֵܣ
ļ
Ǽأ뿪Ǹһȥ𣡡
ʵһģòҺùҵõ磬ԺҲûкӹˣƴһΡ
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Ҷɱϵ˵һ飬˵ʮִҶδһɱһˣҶԼһͷߣԼʲôʱôˡ
Ȼ˿ҶһЩ仯ϾûۿҶɱˣﻹмɻ
ϢСʱʱ䣬ϵƻָĲˣȻȫָѾӰ·
ҶӣһʱǾܽϿȣǼǰǵȵڵʱȥ
ϿȽڳٳߣڽȥ˿϶ᷢǣһҶ
Ϣһ£֮ڽȥ
ҶڣȹϿȣڲˣռҶóȻ϶ҵ˴һ档
Ҷ˵Ķԣȵڽȥƻ磡
磬ƻңȻǵòҲõ
ҹɫԽԽ￿Ͽȣֻļҽڵ±ڣлħ޽
˿ҹɫʱûж೤ʱˣҶվ˵ļҲȫָ
ǳɣʱ䲻ˣƲѾȺںϿȡ
һվҪϿȡ
ҳ
һɤӣҶܰһʮˣϿȵķٸȥⱻҵ˵õ˻硣
ԶԶȥǰһƬɫ磬һǧ֮ϿȳˣϿһǻɽϿһ棬γּ¡
Ȼô棬˭Ҳ޷⣬ֽȻͬԪأֻһϿ֮
ϿϷһˣᴩϿȣҪȹȥҪǰҪܿϿĹҽΪϿϷƺĳƣȻܷС
ǧһһǧ̤ţֻһܶȹȥԶʲôӣûм֪ȻȹȥˣҲûڻ
ϿܣƺֲӰǱ棬ʮˣֳɺü򣬿ֹһˣвɢ޶˲ҵ׷ɱҲϿȡ
Ϊ˲ݾߣҲóȻ֣ڳ֣϶ֳ»粻ҳ֡
Ϲһ῿Ͽȣ㲻Ҫֱͣȡһʱȹȥ͵
ҶܰǵĿǽڻ磬ûʲô뷨
أ
ܰתԴҶʵ
ЩҪģ
Ҷ¶˭ҲЦݣʥˣˣֻҪˣһЩ֮ģҶ㲻ȱ壬ֻʵ磬ɥʧ塣
ܰû˵ʲôҶȻô˵ȥƺһ·ϣȫҶ㵱Ĺˡ
Сģӱʮ겻ҳһ죬һǡ
ܰȻ֪ҶҪʲôԼܸӦҶһȥʲôΣյ顣
һ˺ܿ쿿ϿȣŨҵϢ¶Ҫʮ˳Ҷ֮⣬ȵͷ󺹡
ΪڳҶҲǣܰ֡
¸ϡ߲ƣܵľ۵ס
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Ҷʶɨ˶·һͷ޶סһ㡣
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ŮǲҪȹϿȣǾͲˣ
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ǰҪǶȡ磬Ȼǳ֣Ҳʮ졣
޵˵ȻҪҲûжȡҪ
ǧҲһΣֲ֪ȵ¡
ܾ϶ںܳһʱ䲻֣ɽʱ̳Σܲ
ûõ磬֮ǲҾܺɨⷽԲΪһ塣
ҼϴŹά
ʱмĲλӰֱӱ©¹֮¡
ʱʱʱһȥ֣Ҳ¾ۼʱ䣬Իѡʱؾ
˶ס˺Ҵһ£ΪϿ·ƮʮöȭͷСǳɫʯͷէһۿȥ˭Ҳ⡣
ֻЩ˲֪ǻˣǹŪʮٵķߣһжͻʧǱҽ档
ˣ
ʮ˷ܣоȻһʵ׼лһ򾡣ļٵģȫȡ
ȵȣĻ绹δ֡
޵ֹ˴ң񳯺Ͽȵ·˹ȥ
ʱʮöɫȭͷСʯ飬ȻֹˣɢҲ֪ˡ
ǲûгֻ֣Ǳ׼ȵ糹׷ɵеʱ֡
ʱ䣬һöȭͷСʯ
ýƻĻ磡
Ҷ㶼ò̾Ƿǳĸˣղ˰ͲסͻȻ֣ĻͲڳˣֱӳҽ档
Ļ磡
޵һ޷׽Цݣ֮Уռ
ܿöĻɵУЩٵĻϵһ˭Ҳ֪һöģΨһİ취ȫȡ


830 ƻ
֮ϣƯʮöɫһʯͷۿɼٶȣϳǻչ
ǿ֮Ҳгǧˣ
𾪵ʱҲһΣǸһȣϴμĻֱֵһᡣ
ϣôֻܻݣ
ҶҲʮ֣תͷʵ
վٶϾֱܷ棬ǧ磬ûôϸ۲һ´£ǷЩ仯
ָָϵĴ£Ҷ̧ͷȥʱһ
¾Ȼմ֮ѹˣ
Ҷõ¹ʯǺһ˿¾棬ǿ
ǰ磬Ȼľ룬ȡ¾ֱ֮ڳ˶֮ݣһʼ
һֻ˾Ļ磬½ѱ˲׽
Ҳüͷ΢壬˵û˼ǶǼٵģνƻңʵҲЩСžţֻû˵ѣҶܿ
ǵòȻҲòҵõĿģڱֲɵӣĸӲӲ϶³
ȷʵҲʵĳɷ棬ܱǾϢ
ݡ
˰Ͳסವһ֮ȥȡ硣

޵һȣŷɳȥӰǲҵˣΪǲѾһһȥ·
Ӱһ֣ô˲ҵĲ𣬲޵ôܲŭҲ˲ˣһ硣
ܣһž޴ˣֱӷס˻·
Ϲߣ
Ҷܰٱķ򣬸һķ򣬸ûȥ硣
Ҷ磡
ҽֻһĴָϸҽҡҡλΣܰջ˽ţһ˵Ҷ㻳
İɣûµģСһЩһҾ͹ȥ
Ҷ㰲ο˵һ䣬ܰȹȥ
һҪ
ܰſҶ㣬֪ԼʧˣȻ鲻ԽıסҶ㡣
Ҷû⣬ҽҲһľûлͷ·ҪȹȥһǾܰڶԼҲҪƳϵ׽ǰǵɽ𺣣ҶҲҪȥ
ץܰһǰȥȥ֮УζĿʼһϯ

̤ʱ򣬲һͱɵ
񣬲ҪӰ죡
ܷҽҶܰ
ܰһʧҶ֮УҶ㲻Ҷתҷ˹ȥ
ҳϣֳҪȡ磬Щͨĵӣǳʣɢ˹ȥֶݺύ

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ҶӲӲֻҪƻȡ磬ڽȫɱҶ㻹ûԴֵزͻƵء
ȵ޵˹ʱҶʧղһȱڣȱڴ󿪣Ҳ޷ƻ磬Щɢ˵ˣƾЩͨӣ޷׽硣
ಣ
ȱһ򿪣һʰлһʧˣϿȣ׼ҽ֮¡
ſҪֵĻԼķߣ޵УǲҼƻ޷죬ȻʣЩɢޣҲûвֻҪ·ͻֵڱƻɱϣʧ
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طǳĿ£ϺܿӦҶڣһƳպҶ֮б˳
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˭ΪҪƻǲҵĺ¡
Ҷ֣޵üͷһ壬ԭΪĳǿߣǿҶ֮󣬲޵͸ҶˣΪҶ۷塣
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ϳҶҪֹҶ㣬һ̤ǲһҶûа취
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һòһδӦ׷뿪ȻҶ㣬뿪ˡ
ҹȥ
ҵϢɱ¾֮һɨϻı˻ȥҶҲԵŨҵĻ֮Ѿۼʮˣ˿ʼƽ
СӣڿϻͷҿԸһȫʬ̤ұ֤
޵ȻҪҶ뿪Ͽȣ˳ǵɱҶ㣬䵽˲ǲ
޵£һ죬⵽ǴСүҾͲˣ
ƻ˲Ҷȡ磬ҶãеҶûǸ񣬶жĥҶţұQ˶á
ҲԼ׽֮ҲܰϾ綾֮󣬷Ҷ˱ɱ֮ģļϣͻ޹˲
Ҷ˵꣬ͷҲأڲڶ˵֮У̤
ȵ˿ʱҶѾ밶ʮ֮ԶȻֻʮףǲҵĹȴ޷ִҶߡ
ϿϷƺĳֽƣ޷Уͻҽ֮С


831 һ
Ҷһִֻ֮ϣջУһ԰Ʈȥ
ǰ֮⣬һӰŰʱܱɽȥ
ܰڼıԵղźüΣͱߣÿһξͲôһ㡣
ǧţ˲һ룬Խ棬ͻԽΣգ޾֣εʹ
ܰҡҡ׹ҶͻȻӿٶȣʩչƮһڿջУʮ롣
ȻܷУҶƮƶסһ䣬ʮ׾롣
ܰľԽԽҶԵĸоܰղţѵȽ֮
Ƚ֮Ҷͷһƺһ飬ܰδѵԼķӻãϲŷ
뵽Ҷӿٶȣ䣬ֻܰмʮ֮ң
ã
ܰҡڲҶ㰵һʩչһƸƼʵһֱ˳ȥ
ݣ
ҶһƮȥжʮ׾룬Ʈʱ򣬵µҽƺŭˣҵݱһҶϯ
ܰƺоı仯תԴÿҶ治Զ¶һ˿Ц
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ԴҶ뻹ˣ黹ûиǼ˵ֶһܰҶĲ֪ôǽˡ
ƣҶҲ֮ˣܲԷܣϾ˼֮ס
ܰҲһҲҶ˵ⶾʲô飬ǶһŮˣеĺһ飬ҶӴһ̣ܰѾԼһиˡ
ѲһҶ㻹εҡҡͷصԭأûа취ֻ˳ԭ·ȥˡ
Ҷ磬ҽⶾʱǸоʲôڿǡ
ҶһǷ֮ɫ˻ܰǰҶȥͷϵĺˮΪܵ¶ȾȻʼˡ
ΪȪ⵽ƻĻ˱仯¶ȾȻʼߡ
ܰأԪʮ¶ȵҲ̵סҶ㲻ͬŻָãʮҵ̫Ԫһɢָʮּѣܲһֱҩָ
жǣ
Ҷһɻ֮ɫͨаŮ˸ҶĴ𸴣⼸ǸûгʶһֱǬ֮У淢һŲ֪
ħˣҶ˴ָϵ
С׻ڻָҲں˯ǻ˭أ
ȷжڿǣ
Ҷٴһ䡣
ȷ࣬˵ֵʶڿǣϧҵʱ񣬼ϿӵʶʮСѸӦ
ܰ˵ʵԼҲҧ׼ֻһֱ
ŮһֱʶҲֱ۵ĸӦĳһ飬Ů˵ĵӦ
Ǿˣ֮⣬ˣô˿ǡ
ҶҲɻˣ˲¼ʮ飬ûκټѭ
ѵ棿
ҶͻȻ̧ͷϿȥҲжڿǡ
϶ȫ񣬱ĿҪͷһ˿ʶ
ҶͻȻܰ¼ԼҲǣϸϵǰȴаŮ
ҶܰϸϵʱһȭͷСʯͷҽð˳һ½䣬ܿҶܰǰƺڸӦʲô

Ȼ֮䣬аŮˣһǿ֮ܿռ䡣


835 ֮
ܿռһ󲨶Ҷܰһ˫ۣһöȭͷСĻɫʯͷƯ֮ϣиŮʶɵһסˡ
磡
Ҷ㲢İǰЩһĻ磬Ȼˡ
ǣŹҰɣ
Ҷ꺣֮ͻȻһСŮ
˭
ҶһܰŮҲûŮΪԼĻ꺣е˵
磬ǻ˵ѾӵԼǣȻҸŮҲһЩ򵥵˼άˡ
ҲԻ羹ȻȸУϾ֮ͬͨԼһվɡ
Ȼܳǣ
ҶҲһö羹ȻԼǣû뵽ġ
ǷŹҰɣҿԴǳȥȥ棡
СŮͨһͣܰȻҲˡ
ǳȥ
Ҷ˸һ˿⣬Ϊ鷢ܹȥŹҲǲɡ
˵һҪл㣬㣬ѾЩץˣ
ƺǲǺܸߣ˵϶ǶҶˣҲ⣬һ仰ܶ顣
Ҷ˵ͷԼɱϣ޷ѲҲõ޵
ƾʲô˵ģˣǻҪ
ҶܱԷһ仰ţͻȻץȥ
˵ģĿǹȥҿԲٿҽ˳ȹϿȣ
ҶͻȻԼץƺʮֺ£Ȼ
Ҷ磬ҲҲ˵ġ
ܰŮӣȻ֪ǲɶõıǶԷѾǣˣǿϧϾҲһˡ
ԣ㽫ǴȥҿԷŹ㣡
Ҷ㽫֮ϣ˿ûзɣΨһĻᣬܶȹȥ磬ҶҲΪֵˡ
ҪſңҿԴǳȥ
һ£ֻзſܴҶ뿪
ſԣǲ뿪֮ڣ
Ҷɿ˽֮ڣҪĸŻ磬ԷˣʲôĻ
ܿҶɽ˳Ż磬Ҷܰ˽ĶѨ֮
Ұ̤ǿԹȥ
˵꣬һʯγһţҶŵһֱ쵽֮ϡ
ǰҶʱʯͷһȹǾһ
ҽȥ̽һ£ʮּ̡
϶ȵԣ
Ҷ㲻ðգԼԣڻ֮£Ҷ˳һʮʱ䣬Ҷٴλص֮ϡ
Ҷ㰲ȫִţܰԥ̤ţ䣬Ҷߡ
ߣ
ҶŻ绹ܰٳ԰ȥ
һʮ֣Ȼûһ֣Ҳûɢ£Ҷƽأһ䣬Ǽʮ׵ľ롣
ǧɾ룬Ҳʮʱ䣬Ҷ㿴ɱǰ
ǿԷŹ˰ɣǰǱˣҲǰˣ
԰ֻмʮ֮ң֣˴
˵Իȥˣ
ҶҲûΪѻ磬ԷȷȫĽ͹ڲ˼ңҶСˡ
㡭ǲ˻ԪصĶҿԪزӲҿԸһĻ֮
û뿪˵
Ŷô֪
Ҷ˻滨ĻԪȻܴڻȻʮֲӡ
ݣ
һɫĻӻɫƯҶǰܵȻӣССһ棬Ҷ㾹ȻܵΣա
ǻ֮͵ǻ֮֮ҲǷˣ
ǻݱɣҶĻԪظ֪رԲиղһ˵Һĵ͸Ҷһ֮
ҶĳͶлˣ
Ҷ¶Ц⣬ƻ֮ԼȫԽӡ
˵ӦҸл㣬㣬Ѿˣ
û̫ิӵ˼룬˭ǺãȹǣȻͶøжҲһ
ҶҲ֮յħ֮Уȳȥ֮
ˣҲҪȥˣԺڻʱ򣬿֮ͨҷźţһٴζȹϿȡ
˵꣬һ³ȥҽ֮Уܿʧ
ҽ֮󣬻羹ȻܽҽɽֱٴղҶֵĻ֮У羹ȻԭҶ֮أ˼ҵһա
ϧЩҶ㶼֪ˣһ䣬ܰһ䵽԰ʱһɺϮ
Ҷ磬ڶȹˣ
ܰһ˷֮ɫ⼸켸ĵսľŴθڲȹˣøϵĶأȪ˳ͻء
ҶҲֻеĸоѹ˵ɽǧһǻǹûа취
ǳɣ
ҶϾԹ֮ˣܿ־ȻˣҪᴩɽǰȵķ
Ҷ磬ܸ˵˵㵽Ҫǰ𣿡
ܰͻȻʵΪĿѰǧ꺮ǣܽĸס
˹ϵȻûеֵزܰҲ޷
ҶûԼ˵˳ŵܰСס͡
Ҷ磬㲻µģôãһῪۣҵȣ⿪ϵħ䣡
Ҳ֮Ϊħ䣬һϣһ䣬һֱһƾ
Ըɣ
˵ģҶûеףһɽҶ;˾һħ˵滹һȣֻ˲ܽȥ
Ҷûжİա
İɣΣҶ㣡
ܰͻȻסҶ֣Ҷһᶨ
ҶͣҶа֮ܰȻҲ취Ҷ㻯⣬Ȼǰǵɽ𺣣ܰҲҪ̤ƽҶ˳ҵȡ
ܰһҶһůס˶ԷС֣ܴĺҲֵסеһ
Ҷ磬ɫˣǻҸطϢɣҹܻ񻯣Ǹ·
ܰ˿ɫҶ˵
ҲоˣܵԽԽͣǱҪһܷĵط
ҶҲоˣղ̤ʱ򣬻û磬ڿʼ磬ҶʹȻҪ绹Ҫǿҡ
ǰɽǿһȶһ
˱ѩֲﶼûУһƬɫ硣
˼ɽΪ꣬һ˽пʧ򣬴ӴԺֻڱˡ
ɽ棬ɫʼܵԽԽͣܰͻƵأǶɪɪ
Ҷ㵹ܺЩΪõƻ֮ҶȻûпʼǻ֮ʼԼ壬뵽֮С
óһѳҶ㲻һʱ䣬һܴĶѨʮƽСһ˶ߣ˽ȥ֮Ҷһ޴ı飬ڶˣĺ޷͸


836 ֮
һУɫҲȫܹĺ硣
Ȼбס˶ڣҲһЩ˳ŷ϶͸
Щǵһ㣬ļ޷ֵ˳ë׽档
Ҷæó׼õ񣬻кܶȡůʩʱЩҶ׼ˡ
ȻҪҶҪ׼һЩȡůģޱ¯ЩǱز١
ʵģƤˮڵ֮ϣֵܵϴĺ
һУҶܰһ棬ΪʼʱҶΪԼһǰȣǺܴǿˡ
˽֮󣬼ǴϥһҺ˹ϵѾʼôΣһ𣬿ʼʱ򻹲ϰߣ˽İһΪʵ̫ˡ
ء
ҵĺ֣˳ŷ϶͸ȻҶȼ˻¯ⶴѨ¶Ȼڲϵ½
ܰһ𣬽ޱϣϻǶ÷ࡣ
ҶȻǿ¼ٶȣЩֿסȫʼһ㼦ƤҲǶһ¡
䣬Ҫ¶ȵٱôγˣ
ѹݲĺ£˵ֲ඼޷̤㡣
֨֨
ܰݿʼ磬Ѻ֣Ȼܸо䣬֪¶ȵʲô¡
ʱѩ˰ƴѩ˲ͽҶڷסҵĺ紵ϵѩǱһ㣬ȻһѺۡ
㱧ң
ܰʮܣҶԼ໥ȡůʱҲ˲ʲôŮܲס
ܰûԥıסҶ㣬һ
Ҷƿʼӡӡƻ֮һֱھħ֮УÿԳ
ȵҶ淭Ϻ֮һ㱻ƳȥҶ忪ʼȣ̫֮ҡ
˵ĺ°ٶȣƻ֮ǧңּ¡
ůڶѨ֣ܰоϵĺһʧȻҶһ˯ȥ
Щ̫ˣûһ˯һȾϵ⵽׷ɱ
ɣ϶Ѿһӷ˲硣
ܰſԼ˯ˣҶЦһȥӡ
ŨĻ֮ҪȻ滨ǿٱѹֻ˵ԼĻԪزӲ
ܻ֮ĴҶҲǰľӿٶȡ
ƲһƣҶһʱʮ֮һ澫Խ棬ľ֮
ֻһСƣٺķ˻Ϊհʱ䣬γôһơ
Ⱦ֮練ΪֵãϾѾ˼ǧˣǶʣ
ƾϴε֮󣬻粻׵ĸҽˣ¾
ҲǧԺ󣬻Ժһͻ֡
ʱһȥ溮ɣѨȴůģҶӡԽԽ죬һ޵Ϣɢʮֿ¡
ħӿٶȣ￪ʼҰŭŨҵĻ֮㽫ű
ڿһЩӦÿɹˣ
Ҷ¶һ˿ϲɫ滨ȻûӡȫһΣҶֻҪԼӱ仯Ϳԡ
µϢԽԽŨϧܰȫ˯ܲ
̣
ռһ󲨶ʱȥҶ㽫֮ȫ֮ϣһƻ棬͸ԼĻ֮޼
¾Ļ磬ͻȻֹͣգű
ÿٶȣҵĻ֮ͨûһظ޷Ϊôȫ֮С
绯ΪһӰͶ䵽ϣһСŮģֻӡ
ڳɹˣ֪ô
Ļ棬ҶҪһӡ
ܿͰԼ뷨ˣʩչǾѰ·һѩǶᱻ档
һᣬವһصҶ棬ʼҶ塣
һʱ䣬ҶҲ˯ڵ磬ܰⶾΪֹҶ㻹ûϢϢһ·
ŶŶŶء
Ҷʱڱɽ֮ϣһȺص֣ڱϿٷУƺ׷ʲô
Щ׶ߣϳһѩ׵òٶ죬һԾʮ׾롣
գۼĹǰ汼ܵһͷӴİɫͱ׽ԾЩʧ
һɢѨļ紺Ҷɢů⡣
ܰ΢΢˫ۣԼҶϣϳһ˿ҸЦݣ˫ۣװ˯ֳš
аʱңҶ㻺˫ۣܰ˯ûдʶһɢȥһ
оҶһܰҲüװ˯˫ۣһؿڣʮܡ

ȵܰȫʱ򣬷Ҷ˫мһƺҪӳơ
ܰߵæס˫ۣתӡ
ҶһЦÿϣֻҪǸˣһľ֣ҶҲû뵽ε飬ܰ˯㣬ûд
һҶ㽫忺ܵһѹȥ
֮ϻһ˾һҹϢõ˳ĵϸҲʼԾپͻһֶ̼غ裬ͻγӡ
ܰȻŮǶṹҲǺİֻûнӴˣ˽Ӵϻ˯һҹϾͷ̡
ȿȡ
ϹЦˣ
ҶƤһӾӦԼ˳Ĭ
ûϵ
ܰӬҶ㻹һ
Ϊ˱εգһվ
飡
˵ԴײһΪСһγ˶ţ󣬽һƨ
һܰΪ˶ܣһǰ㣬ȻƲסԼ壬һſҶϣһܽӴ
ֻܰһ֮ңĿԡ
ܰ˫֣ıסҶ㣬ɢ
Ҷѹȥаһʢǻյһ㣬±˸Ӧ
ܰѹҶϣȻܸоҶı仯ͻȻߺһƬ
ı˫ۣܰȻ
װ
ҶҪ˵ʲôϧѾˣܰСסҪ˵
ֱܰͨͨһһˣС󣬴ûнӴκˡ
ܴӶԷﴫ֮Ҷſ˫Ĵԣܿ벻԰ε״̬һ
ܰʼϢؿ屻ҶһȫȻʹһ˿
Ҷ磬Ҫ
ܰҶ


837 ˮ֮
һ·ȥѨ治Ǻ䣬һȣɢ̵
һ㣡
ܰͷҶĻ˵
һ㣡
ҶıסܰһŲ
ᡭһ㣡
ʹ
ܰҧסҶĸ첲һɾʹС洫
ҶѾǳ磬֪Ů˵һζҵʹʼʱʮֻĽԽԽ죬˿ʼ뵽һ
ܰϢžͱ
һʱֹͣҶıסܰ壬ʱܰէйٴα©Ҷǰ
ڵ磬Ҷ㲢аֻǰԷⶾ
ڲͬҶϸĴȪ֮ܰøȫ£ƣ֬һ㡣

ʱܰģͷ΢΢ɢؿ˫΢գһԴë©棬Ҷ˫ۡ
Ҷ磬뿪𣿡
ˮͻȻܰ۽ΪҶ˽̫ˣϵľٶһǸмһܰҲܵҶȵ񣬱Ͼ˶ŮǼʢһ̡
ûаѳס˫ĶкøУȻҲᷢ顣
İɣҲ뿪ģ
Ҷ׵ȥĴٴԣֿܰʼϢ
ˣ첻ˣǻҪ·ϵ׽Ҫ
ܰͻȻƿҶ㣬Ҷִ仯Ҷƿ
һOO@@ܰ·ãҶһۣԼ·ʱҶһֱԼ
Ҷӣ·Ҳٴϵ׽δҶȷʵҪץʱˡ
ʰãڵϵİײһɫ÷ܰæ
ţ
ܰҶͬͬ⣬ֱȡ
ʰһУҶڴҪƿ
Ҷ˺üΣ˿Ȼסˡ
ǱѩˣһЩҽ顣
Ҷʶ͸ȥһƬûв´˴ѩȫסˡ
ܰ˵ѨԵҶһԪע˫ƣһƣһ𣬺ݺݵĳ˳ȥ
䣡
ѨһΣһĿĹâǰһĹۣҶһƣĻѩȫȥ
֮һȵſ˫ڣĶѨȻ뵽˵ص֮£վڹ࣬ѩһ֮ߡ
Ҳ˵µĴѩһĴѩҲֻŻ֡
һԾ˱ѩ棬ȣΪµĻѩδȥֻܽƮƮڱѩϡ
Ư
ܰһǰ澹Ȼһɫ⣬״Ʋʺ磬ȴǲʺ磬ϳֵ䵽ѩϼ⡣
ҶҲǰľ⣬ˮ֣γ˸ֹΣܴ⣬ҶɣԼ뵽ɾ
ҺԶɽ廹ڣδ䣬Ͳ·˺ܿ·һܰǣҶ֣˲ߡ
ȵȣ
ҶͻȻͣס壬ϳһ˿֮ɫ
ôˣҶ磡
Ҷϳ֣֮ɫƺֲĸоͷ
ĸ׵˶񻯣ڿʧ
ҶյħӦЫʧٶڼӿ죬Ƽֲһ£ɹͻľ
ô죡
ܰһ֮ɫԭͬҶһǰȣڻѰǧ꺮ǣĸ׳Σ϶ܰԭƻˡ
ʱȷŻȥȣȡһ֮ڣҵǧ꺮ǣ
ҶϻвǧĲݣʱǺܵģάһʱ䣬ʵڲУǰȡ
л㣬Ҷ磡
֪ܰ˵ʲôҶаһ̶ܵȣΪȻʱȥȣܰôܲм
֮仹Ҫôץʱ·ǧ꺮һĵطϣ
Ҷûжǣܰٵĳȥ
Ҷ磬㻹ԼȥȰɣĸ׵Լ취ܵ塣
ܰҧҧΪ̫˽ˣҶԼ뿪ȥѰǧ꺮ǡ
ɵѾͷҶϵ׽ô׽⿪ģһһʱ䣬ĸΣڵϦҪץʱҵǡ
Ҷ㰲ο˵ܰԼ˵ѰҺǣƵϣԼ޷סֱӶ
ûоħֻܱܰԼĸףԶ˿϶Ὣ
˼ǰҶѰǧ꺮ǡ
һ޷ҵǾ⣬ҶҲ޿κΡ
˵¶΢Ҳ°ٶңֵܼס
ֻǲµĴѩߵٶȷǳһŲһʱҲľ룬ҪٶȣҲʱ䡣
ȻܰܵȣҶҲܵȣֻĸʱˣҶҪ֮ǰϻȥμڼҴȡ
Ҫȹһ꣬Ҷ㲻ٵˣҸ䲻һҲףҶһֱ޷̤ʵ
һ£
ҶͻȻͣһǰ棬гһһӲıȥ
ܰһɻ֮ɫ֪ҶҪʲô
ʮʱ䣬ˣҶǰļ䣬̳Ԫ߶ڱϿٻС
ģеһӣ棬ĻߣڱѣСʱӦöһ㶼ɼǰһǰڱϿٻС
ҶĲһȥվڱ棬˫ŹעԪ߶ǰγɹԣĻС
վԪ߶ܽʡ
Ҷʾһ£ܰվԪԴ߶һ£ıͶˣǰǰ
ʼʱ˷ǳӦˤ˼ӣĿʼӦٶҲӣӰٵڱϻС
ĵԪҲֻ࣬Ҫ߶һΣܻкܳһξ롣
㻬һʱʱ䣬һǰмʮ룬ҪȸղŲпϺüʱ϶Ҳ̲١
Ϣһ£·
Ļ֮£һҪʱֳ̱˿ʼóҩָʧȥ
Ҷ磬ǰжƶ
Ҫ׼·ǰԶĵطȻжڿƶ
ҷˣǶһ㣡
ܰؾʶйҪҶǿ࣬ȷҲ
һ޼ʣûطɶ㣬ǰ滬еԽԽ죬ƺһƶ
ǳҶǳѵڱ
գۼĹҶѾǻйĶȻһɫ壬ʲôϸΪһѩ
ŶŶŶء
ƶ쵽Ҷǰʱĺ棬ŶŶصžʮɫӰӳ֣˷ˣԾʮ׾롣
ã
Ҷ㰵һܰ־ܿЩҶ㶼֪ʲô


838 ѩ
ҶҪѾˣһзӴСİɫ峯
ŶŶء
Ծİɫ壬һҶǰþȻѩһ
ЩҶ²ûѩˣҲǴȻһ֣ǧ壬ѩ˾һ壬Ϻش
ʮͷѩ׷Ӵ壬ѩӴҪʳǱѩǱһ࣬ѩҪʳѩ
ܶ䶼ЩǴڴ˵֮Уû뵽Ҷˡ
Щѩһ㶣׽ѩ֮ÿҶˡ
ҶĶסǰѩˣս׼Ҷѩֻģӡֻ鼮
Զѩȫ֪֪Էʲôܣʲô֪ν֡
֮Ҷѩ˵˽⡣
ңӴȫһëѩһɫſƶȫ֪ѩˣֻƶ֮󣬲ܷǡ
ֱһֱϥλãʮ޳֤ǵֱʮ
˫Ǿ޴Ѽ룬ҲڱϿߣһԾǼʮ׾롣
ϲëֻ¶һϸ죬˸⣬ѩ˵˫ۡ
ŶŶء
ЩѩƺԣҶ㷢һĽ
Ҷȫë׶ſˣΪܵһǿѹϮЩѩֻһҶȫһƺһɽѹ¡
ȻǾ
Ҷ˲䶴ԷҶ㡣
ǾѹԪ񹥻һǴľ͸˵֮С
Ҷͷϵһ亹Ȼ°ٶȣ֪ʪ͸һƬ
ܰɫҰףƺҲܼľѹ걻ԭأȻ޷
˵ģһܵܵ˺ҲҲһɵӡ
ʮѩ˿ҶȻվԭأʼ໥Ŷ֮Ҷ˵ʲôʮֱ
һȻ֮һѩ˳һԾҶǰ
ҶֱĲλһˣһС
޴ֱһɨҶҸ£һֱֻ۳ܰɨ˹ȥҶһҲҸ£ܶ
Ҫһһ
ҶܰЩѩ̫ǿˣرǾ񹥻ҶҲƽİ취
ܰ㷴ģҶĻֻ֮ƣֻһһˡ
㷴ҲͽͣԷľĿסǣԪ񷢻Ӳ
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һʱ֮Ҷ㼸ҪɱˣëסˣرǱǻ涼Ǳӡ
ǰԽԽȻҶ㲻ܶҰƣǰһ޴ɽ壬ɽǰȻһڵĶڡ
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Ҷܰ໥һۣӶԷ֮п𾪡
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ҶҡҡͷɣΪռ䷨ƣ޷УȻҶҲѩ֮֡
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ҶһŭȣŸԪȫתһһ䣬ٴʮףһö¹ʯҲ˳ȥ

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Ҳ٣ôߵı⣬ֱ
ҶǼʶʲôиƣǰģɽĸ߶ȣǽʵʵĸƣɽȫ߳Ʋ㡣
ʲôñɽӵϰεض𣬽Ʋ㣬׹䣡
ҶҲһͷˮȻ޷͵
ͣһᣬҲϢĲˣҶ㿪ʼɻˣҪɽк֮һɽȥ
˵ѩ峤һصĶѨûгɽҲ֮ҶҪ񣬾ҵضѨܽ⿪صɴ


842 
ľеһҶڵ˱壬ȫָ֮Ѱҵѩ峤ʧضѨ
ֻҵѨܽ귢ҶҲȤղž֮Ժ
Ӧôһɽ⻬ôȥ
Ҷ˺üΣüβ㻬ɽ档
Ź⻬羵ıɽҶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ɽһ壬ܶǻȥߴɵıɽҶ㿴Ŷͷۡ
ģȻˣ뱦ɽֻصĵ
ҶҲƴˣʮָð˳һɭ֮˲ָðžӨ֮ɫҲǰֿаӡ
ҶΪԽԽָ׵ɫҲڷű仯ʱûǹаС
꣡
ֲ棬һȥ˫ֽҶһڶһҶͻˤ档
Ҫˤȥ϶Ƿǣͷʣ
ñɽʮּ̣Ҷһǰɱ壬ٶȣҶûи죬϶޷ﶥ塣
꣡
мʮ׸߶ȵʱָͻȻˣЩ澹ȻǿĵģҶһ䣬漱ٵĻ
Ҹ̵ģ
ҶһŭͲϵĴ磬ΪԼˣóһѩëƤ·ϣǲϵĴ硣
һҶСĶˣٶҲŻ̽һ£ڲָףָղŵ顣
ٶȻǰȫ˲٣һʱҶҪЪϢһ󣬻ָ
ѩ˲䣬ѩ˶ˣǿգȻʱɫȻֵסǵ顣
ΪǵȺһ̫ˣڵѩ˶ϻѩȻ೤Ҳǧ괫жѡ
޷ָѩ崫Уѩ˻ԽԽ٣ȥֱһѩѩҲ½֮ʧ
ˣҪϢһᣡ
ɫܵȻͣҶ㶳ɪɪѩ·ůҶ㶼̲סûԪˡ
һ֣ܰͶһΣգҶҲֻǼ򵥵Ļָһ£Ѿ˱ɽĵط
УˣϹﺮұҪһطϢһ
ԽԽͣϺҶٶԽԽҡҡλΣʱܵ
ֻһ׶ͣûеط֮£Ҷֻó˫֣һھڳһһĶѨһ档
һĶѨûжڵڣҶֻýѩ·棬Ŀ
ȻŨңȴʮŨرǺֱ֮ҪκεطҪ
תħű书Ÿ￪ʼתЩ
źԽԽҶһ߱Ҳ󣬹һָȥܱԲǧס
ҵĿ紵ҶҡΣ֮£ֻ÷˫Ĳ棬Լ屻紵ߡ
һһĥҶ㼸ǽƣȵɫһóԪԪָ

ָ֮Ҷ뿪ڣһҲ֪ضѨָӦڿҪӽɽ۵ĵط
Ҳ˵Ҷ㻹Ҫӽʱ䣬ִܵ嶥
һȥҶ㻹ǸһһڣȹһҹɫһҶļ㣬Ӧþִܵ嶥Ҳܼѩ峤ʧĵط
ʱ䣬һֱվڵϣʱû뿪ա
᳤ϣһܳɹѾˣ档
¶һ˿˷֮ɫغѩ괫С
ѣ
˵һ֣֪Ѵôߵɽ壬ûκƾһһԽûʮ¸޷ɡ
ʮ£ҪκϴȻѩˣҲһֵܼסοǷˣѩ˲ܱ⡣
˵û벻Ҷʵǵ壬Ϊʮָٶȡ
ڿҪ嶥ˣ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪۵ʲô̧ۿһ۷嶥ĺǰϢ
Ѩ
Ҷ¶ϲɫЩ϶޷붴Ѩ棬Բת̬ҶʶԼҵضѨ
򵥵ĴϢһ£Ҷһ鲻٣˫ٴλٵĳеĵطȥ
һ֮Ҷڿһ˸ҵڶڣʮأĺ羹Ȼ޷͸ȥ̫ˡ
һ㶴Ѩһк֣϶ֵǷɽ֮󣬲Ļ
ﲻͬЩǿҵĺ紵ֱӱųγһУвһóȻȥ϶ᱻߡ
ôģ
Ҷ㶼ҪˣۿѨǰҶȴܽȥΪҶǰȥһܲסеͻᱻߣ˭֪ᱻʲôط
Щпǻǧ֮ãڲϵ׳Ҫȥ϶ᱻ顣
֮£Ҷóһ۵ıһ˳ȥ֮С
ҶĿǲһе˺
֮󣬾Ϳʼһתûб飬޷ѳȥ붴Ѩ֮С
˺֮Ǻܴҵֵܼסΰе붴Ѩ档
Ҷͷ˼⣬Уܽ붴Ѩ֮УҶͻһ޾ֻ֮أֱΪֹ
Ҷ뵽˽ѵĵزҲǣҲǡ
ȻˣҶ϶ֶأҾôȥȥҲˤ
ǰУŪҲһ
ᣬ˵
Ҷһ֪ԼΪʲôǴˣմĲȻû¶һ˿Ц⡣
ûмѩüΪֻһ񲨶Ǿżʦ׽ˡ
еķŭйȥҶ㿪ʼ侲黹ҪȥҶıԣʼתٶȡ
еٶȣɷƣԽ죬תٶȾͻԽ죬ԽתٶȻҲ
ҶڵȣȷټСʱ취ȥٶȼȻҲҶаճСһ˲䣬Ѩ档
ƺ첻ôԽԽǿûм˼ҶˣȥýȥܱĶ
磡
Ҷһ磬оȫסˣѪҺתٶȶڼ
һʱңٿʼһͶҶůġ
ԪȫȫȥҶ㽫˼¡
Ԫע˫֮ϣҶ㲻Ҫһ䣬ֱ֮Уľһ̣֣Լ붴Ѩ档
м䲻ܳһ˿һĲʱҪãһ֮УҷҶ㲻붴Ѩᳯȥֱ֮С
ҶһҪԴ׼Ѩʱ򣬲붴Ѩ档


843 ǧ
ҶèһȫҲһֻҵĹʱȴȥ
мһ˲䣬ҶͻȻ˳ȥֻһ֣Ҷڿնֱӳ֮С

Ҷ磬оȫסˣʶߣܵ˼ֱ治Ѩʲôط
תҶоͷؽᣬ˿ԥһǿ⣬˲䲶׽˶ѨӰӡ
ҿ
ҶһȣĽи˺һѷ죬ѷ컹δϣҶ˫ŷȥҶ˫ȹע˾ŸԪ˲佫Ҷ˳ȥ
ݣ
֮һһٰʮȵתҶ㾫ȷҵ˶Ѩڡ
Ҷ뿪еһ̣תٶͻȻӿ죬ܵղű˺ѵӰ죬תٶһ࣬ĺͻȻǿ
ϣ
ҶоԴʲôһԴһҵʹ
ԴʹҶ͵һɹ붴Ѩ棬ԭڴСƣҶԴײıϣͲôһ㣬Ҷ޷
Һ÷ӦʱҶ¿ɹĹɽ棬ȻǱܿУҶҲȥֱӹ±塣
գ
뵽ղžһĻҶؿڣԼ⼸ʱ䣬ÿһζǾһϵĸ硣
ãһ·϶оգҶڳɹصĶѨѾһǧˣ淢ʲô飬ñɽԼ
ԴϵĴҺû£࣬Ͳˣһ·Ҷ㿪ʼܡ
캮ضⶴѨ棬ȴļ紺ܸ溮޷йϵ¶Ѩ¶ȴںµ״̬
ѨһƬףҶҲ֪ûΣգһѨȥ
ȼ˻⣬ܾҶǰһȻѨͷϷǵҵıӡ
Ȼûбɽʮ֮ЩҲһ׶೤ҪҶҲҪâ
ЩˮΣγ˱׶εĹ̶ڵϣҶֻܱܿʱƣϲһ׶ߡ
ѨģʼʱˣԽߣ¶ԽԽͣƺ뵽˱ɽ
ҶĻ⣬ӳЩĻϣ˸ֵɫʣʮֺÿ
һεˮĶʮֺǱɽƯ֮ϣҶһΪﻹһ˼ɾ
ʱ̲Ҵ⣬ѩ峤ɽ֮󣬶ʧˣԼصСϣеľȫ
·᫲ƽб׶ӵסȥ·Ҷֻóɱ¾֮סԼı׶նϣǰ
ԼĪһʱ䣬ٴλָûôˣ϶ԣҲֻǱůһ㣬ʮ
Ұ𽥿ҶȷһȻܶڶϷҴıӣʮֺÿڻĵӳ֮£ɢ͵Ĺâ
ҶΪⶴѨ϶ޱȣȵ֪ЩԼ⣬չâͶ䵽档
ȫ֮Ҷ㿴һޱȾ޴ܶ·ɽͿˣι״ıӳִֵ֣ģҲϸģгֶ̣β룬ȴʮȫȻɡ
Ϊܶ棬Ҷվһߵϣֻ̽ܶ
ʶһɢȥֻܶǧƽСҶʶҲȫǡ
ף˹ĺۼ
Ҷʶ͸һܶʱ򣬸о˹ĺۼ֡
һΣҶʧԭأڸι״ı׶м䴩Сܿ˸ղŸӦڡ
ܶͨ˴Ҳ֪쵽δΨһʮ֣ڱιȻǧ꣬ܿһЩۼ
ܶطǧ֮󣬱ڻıˮı̬һ˿ǱҶץˡ
ΪڶҲ࣬һۣܻеĽ֣ЩˮοֱӱųȥȻ޷ۡ
ÿµĽ⣬˼ǧ꣬ȻܴڣҪǣܸ룬Ѿﲻֵĵز
Ҷ㲻ҿΪо۴в
ƾһۣҶ͸оΣգҪĽ£Ҷǻᱻ顣
ֻΧǱǧǰӣҶһʱ͸Ӧˡ
Ӧþ棡
ۣܿҶʶ͸ףͨ滹ɢҪȶ⻹ҪŨ
ѵ﷢˴սѩ峤ɱˣҶ²⡣
ѩ峤϶ʹóҲ˵ﻹеڶ棬һһ֡
Ҷ²ûѨ洫ȷѩ峤µģΪѩóǾ񹥻
̤붴Ѩ֮УǿֲĽ⣬Ҷ㱻Ƴȥƾ⣬Ҷ޷һǴǧ֮ǰĽ
Щǲ²ãԼڵľ磬ڶ޷
Ҷ㰵ľ侹Ȼ˸֣ǧ겻ɢ
ڵҶ㣬Ҳһ֣ʩչŷֽ⣬Ҳ쳣ǽҲֻ֮ϣͣʱ䡣
ʱһãЩȻͻɢƬء
ǰĽ֮Уۣ·Խǧ꣬ҲǰˣҲ˵⽣·ſȥá
ѵ΢֮ϻ⾳
ҶҲ²⣬ֻ֪ŷֽ֮ϣȻ΢⣬Ĳ²⣬΢Ҳǧ겻ɢɡ
ϳ֣ҶҪСģһѨ룬ϴĽ⣬Ҷĳȣ鼤
ִҶһҪúøЩۣ⣬ϣԼ
ϧЩ̫ĥǧʱ䣬һҶȾָ
ףо
Ҷмʮ׵ľ룬֮У΢ľڲȻҲһֱд֮С
ѵ⾫ѩ峤ģ
ҶжϣѾҶʱıˣʣȻҲܴƬأһܱǧ꣬ѩ峤ľ׵ʲô硣
ԪҶֻ֪ҪԪڣܶȡһ
ܶණͨԪٿأ似Эͨ˵괫ͣԪҲ֮Ϊ꣬Ҳ˵꣬ࡣ
ճӤǻɵģΪԽԽɫҲڷ仯һʵʣȵ侳ǻΪԪģǱӰѾܽл꣬ǱԪ
ȻǺǿҶܸоĵɾҲǧ֮ãѵѩ峤ｻ֣˫ܾˣ
Ҷ㱻ԼĲ²һҲ޵ֲֳͬԪأ϶ֹһпܣѩ峤Ӷ˴ս
ͨĽ۾õĽͣ
ϧû˿ԸҶֻͣȥ̽ͨԽԽҲԽŨҲʼҶӵҪʴҶԺ
ʱ䣡
ҶѹҪܽѹȣҪܾѹ


844 
ԽߣҶܵѹҲӣرǾѹȵҶ㶼޷̧ͷ
⵹ΣΪҶҲǽޣһЩ֮⾫ҶȫһƬհף֪λ⣬ֻӲĳܡ
Ҳ²һ϶ս
ҵĽۣŨľֻдս֮󣬲ŻԵ¡
аңǰͻȻһƬأһƬأʮŨ
ҶһﾹȻкüñķ䣬֤Ҷ˵ǰ϶˾סǱѩ峤ˡ
һ󷨣
Ҷŷ֣Ũԭﲼ˾󷨣ҪҶڼ岼õĲ֪߳ٱ
󷨷Ϊ֣ҶõС飬о飬ҶǴ󷨡
СֻܾۼԲյ
о󷨣ǧǻڴˣҪСǿʮ
ǸȣԵ΢Ĵ󷨣ַԲȫչһЩžͻ᲼󷨣άʱ̱Ũ
Ҳ֪ά˶ˣܵŨȿ϶翪ʼģΪ⵽ƻ޷ȡ
ţķˣ֪ʲôҶҲóȻȥѩ峤ҶҪСļСġ
Ҷ㣬أðǰ£
Ҷ㳶ɤӣټıþûصԼĻûκ
ѵ໥򶷣ͬھˣ
Ҷ¶˼״ղźһɤӣԱ˼ţˣҶҲʧڡ
ȻûˣҶ㵨ҲǲҴ⣬ֳһȥȥ
ȥ˿ֻдıӴ
ҾͲˣ
Ҷ㻹ţƢ˫סţͻȻӴ
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ŴǵҶƿ¶һϸ졣
Ҷ֣ͣûмƿʶȽȥ鿴һûΣյĴڣһűźлأҶѶܡ
ʶ鿴֮󣬷һЩճƷ֮⣬ƺûˡ
ȷϰȫ֮Ҷ㽫Ż򿪣ľҶǰȻûѻܶһЩ鼮
Ϊ¶ȺܵͣЩãû⵽ƻ
óһ鼮Ҷ㷭ĿǼ¼½һЩ飬кܶ¡
ǺöЩ鼮һ½и˽⣬ﻹ¼˺ܶ顣
Ȼʲô书ؼҶȷʵ䱦ЩһЩǿ˵ҲûãǶҶ˵Ǳ
ȻҪ̤۷壬Ҫ˽Ƭ½ĸңԶҶ㶼Ҫ˽⡣
ϧҶʵ£޷Щ鼮ҶͿԴŵ˽һԼҰҲһõ
ЩƷҶûȡҲûʲôãҶȷһӻ䣬һЩճõĶ
е鼮֮󣬵ȳȥ֮Ħ㹻Ҷһʱˡ
뿪䣬Ҷ㳯ڶȥһҶֱͨͨ귢ս˻δ뿪һź棬ҶŻš
ǸղһҶ㻺ƿţȷûΣ֮Ҷ㽫ȫ򿪡
ӡ뷿ʱҶԭأΪһĳԼǰϵɫźΡ
Ҷ㣬ǰ
ҶûóȻȥǹʩһʮڡ
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ҶҲ֪ܶǿ岻ḯãΪǵޱǿ󣬾꣬Ҳڻ
ȥǱִ״̬ûκζҶʶǰƮ˹ȥûһ˿ϢһҶԶ϶Ѿ
ߵǰҶ㹧ʩΪһֱҶŷԭ
ǰ£Ĵģðǰ
ʩʱҶдʡ
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ǰһ飬Ҷ̾Ϣһ²ⲻԷʲôΪΪ֮Уûһ˿һķ¡
ϴҶһ侳ʵͷĶңϸҶ㶼ֻطҶŻȤ
Ļһ׵ֲᣬֱӻ˱ϡ
ʲô
ҶֱӴ򿪲ӣ¼ԾȻҶǰ
¼ݣҶ㰵ľ˶׵ˣվԭضܶ¼ȫ
˾ǿߣͲһʶ֮ϧչؽ׶Σѩ󴳽򾳽磬߻ħһΪ
Ҷһ¿ȥԽԽľ
ԭи𿭳ɣһΪĪ⣬ǧǰݣͺպǧ꣬˭Ҳ֪ȥ˺δԭչز˾
־أϣ˾ʼһ򣬾ˣʧܣпܾ绬䣬һֿΪɢɡ
ΪɢɣǲʧܣѾתһЩԪûȫ͸ڰɰ״̬׳ɢɡ
ɢɵȻҪ˾ǿ󣬵ǴҶһ̤ɢɣһӶ˾ɷֻһλᣬʧܾ̤ɵ
Ե˾û׻ȥһ㴰ֽɹȻΪˣ̤硣
ʧܺõΪɢɣƬ½ҲǶĴڣһֿܣȻܣҲ侳硣
Ҷ㲻֪˾ɵʱ򣬻ᾭʲôѲµп϶գпܾһ
ⱾҶˣԭɵʱ򣬻׽٣Щ׽ͷǵġ
Ȼ⵽ʣ⵽ų⣬ͻǡ
һȻϿɣΪһϸˣʧܣͻֻأòɢɡ
ǿ׽ٵʱ򣬿϶ǷɻԲ򲻵ѣû׳ԡ
𿭳ɽ˾Ѿǧ֮ã㹻ˣԴѰһƫƧĵط
ǧ򣬸𿭳ѾϢΪԼȫԳ˾Ϊһˣ̤գ봫˵еɽ硣
ƫƫؼʱѩ峤ˣ֪һȫĵĲ򾳽磬ͻȻ˴ϣʲôĽԺܶѡͻƵʱ򣬶ҵ̵ĵطǱⱻ˴
漰𿭳ѡʱ򣬿ǲ鿴һ飬ëûС
֪ﲻãѩҲ˽ֻ֪ѣǰҲʱ䡣
Ҷ㻹˽һӿµϢ𿭳Ȼ߻ħΪϵȫʧǿƾȻѩ峤ɱˡ
ϢҶ㳹ˣƾɱѩ峤𿭳ɾȻǿ˵ز


845 
ҶǸһţҲ֪Ϊθ𿭳ɻûһ˿ԭˣԭ߻ħȫΪϣԷʧ
ʧˣԪûˣǾ绹ڣԪڣƾԪٿؽѩ峤ͬھ
ӺϣҶ봢ָ¼Ķ̫˾ļˣƾⱾɢĽ⣬óȥۡ
ףʲô
Ҷ򵥵һ𿭳ϳⱾ֮⣬ָһöɫĽָ
Ʒָ
ָҲֶͨĴָֻмʮƽСһĴָҲֻмƽ
߼ָǧƽС˵ƷָкüĶСɺüӣһЩƷָܴʱơ
ֽöָΪ𿭳ԪɢָӡȻҲʧҶʶ˳봢ָ֮С
öĵҩ
Ҷ㰵ľָڷźöĵҩǼƷԪԪҪҶԼƵĶҪá
кܶ鼮ƶǸ𿭳һѹιģаܶ๦ǧ似
ҩûУܵ磬ѾôҪҩˣȫ򾳽硣
˾κ޷ǣҪͻƣֻһ·
мӣ治֪װʲô
Щ似йҶ򵥵ķһ飬ǰɼмɼ似ϧҶòϡ
һǰһǹǲɼ似ϧҶа߱ʽǲ似ܸ
似ھڶ࣬Ҷɱǽ֮ìзӡһɼ似
ʺԼĲõģҶ֪̰õĵ
Щ似Ժõ壬ǲԶิƼݣõѧԺܸõѧԺ׳
ҶȻѧԺ룬˾УϾҶĵطν˲
Щ似ûȥ϶ѧԺﵽһŵˮƽֻҪڹʱ䣬϶Ϊݵһ
ʵȻʵѧԺѾݵһӳҶ֮ѧԺ׳رҶ뿪⼸꣬ͻͽ
ղ⼸öǵţһǱȽϹأҶ㽫˳ڱϡ
һӣ֪ʲôҶСĴ򿪵һӡ
ƿһ̣һϹ˳һţܿʧҶ㿴һö۴Сĵҩڷ档
ʲôҩ
öɫҩҶȫʶ
Уһ£
ҶʶͨðаŮӦʶ
ӰƮ˳ҶǰصĹ⾰һĺ֮ɫ
磬ôǱ
˵Ƿ䣬ʵڱһΪһ䡣
ȱˣԺ㣬Ȱҿʲôҩ
Ҷûʱ͡
ջ񣬳Ҷĺ濴ȥÿöɫҩ

иŮͬʱһȻʶöҩ
ʲôҩ
Ҷһͷˮ˿˹ȥ
磬öҩʧмǧ˰ɣ굤ǰҲƣϧһֱʧܣδɹȻһö
֪ΨһĵֻеǰУʧΪһö
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ҶĵҶ㲢ġ
ȸ˵˵öƷɣ֪ˡ
ûֱ˵ã˵Ʒϡ
ҶֻϸϸҲһ֪ʶķ
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849 
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Ҷ㣬ܰٻصɽ֮ϣԼĸ׻档

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Ҷ㲻˼ǣȻƺͷѪԽСһѵҪѪԻҪԶ
˵ҪѪǿʮôƺ
ѪԵˮ֮󣬷һĽƺԸʵҲóȻ֡
һǧ겻ȻϣʼҸҽаˣ
ų֣Ҷȷţٻ˼ǧˡ
ȻѪԷŭȻƺ
ҲһΪ˵˼ÿһ嶼ԼߣȻǺ֮Ѫͬ࣬ɶҲǣʵЩ겻ҿ
ŵҵˣֲȥҪͷˣ
Ҷ㲻һΪһϵ˵͸һɲɣ
Ȼ֮䣬һ֣ѪԭأȻܶ
Ҷʱ䣬ܰקͱ֮ϣΣա
𣡡
ѪԷһȻ޷ѪԵ¶֮ɫҪˮףȴ岻ܶ
Ѫ۵Ľƣ޷ѳȥƯˮϣĴŴ
һĻҶﰵ࣬ͷѪԣԼܰ˲ڸ
̶̼仰һͽѪ׵׵ʲô磬Ҷ²͸
ﲻĵطصԼԭȥɣϣû´ΣŵҵϳͲ
صʧˣѪԻָɣž֮ɫһɽŴŲ֮ɫƳһҶˣֱˮУʧ
ѪʧҲһʧЩʧ׷׳֣һֵĳ
лǰľ֮
һҶܰһ붴ѨҶһղҪǺ֣ܰѾԸ
ֻǿŵҵ
ûнҶĸм
뿪ɣﲻʺǣѾһˣһξͲһôˣ
Ҷ˿뿪ˣ޵ãѰ·
ǰȵķ򣡡
Ҷ㲻뿪뿪֪²ҵȡ
ǰȾҶɣ׽ڲͻΣˣ
ղҶ֣˲Ԫ翪ʼɶˣ˿̷ʲô鵤ҩá
׽
ȫٴһһ쵽ңԶƺڻʲô顣
һʱ䣬Ż͹
ҿԸʲôطҲҪӦһҴȴһܣǾգ
˼һ£һӱϬ
ǰҪǴʲô
ҶʮָȤǰ޷ʮԼҲĶ֣ôõ
һڸ㣬ǴӦҿԽͼǡ
ûиҶʲôҶȴӦ
ãԴӦ㣬㾡ȫ
ҶⲻдʣȻӦˣͻ뾡һа취òҶʵߺ
ǵͼ
˺磬Ҷûƾһ񲨶ܸ֪һղҶĶȻѡ
лǰ
ҶϽڻ
ǰԸңҪҴʲô𣿡
õ˵ͼҶʮּҲ棬ҪԼʲô
ǺǬ
͸һϬȻǺ
ҲҪˣʥĽж룬𹿰Ǭ߲ܻΪһ̸
˵£Ҷܰϥ£˵
ԭȣΪ࣬ȵ˵ҲûжôֻûıһӴԺܿȡ
ܷһͻᷢ
Ժ󣬺͸ȣȴ޿κΣصǱľޣϧ洫ı⣬һֻǺĲ
Լֲ֣ܳҶҪȥȣԭȼһ˿ϣҶʵ֮󣬴ʧҶȥҶװ
֪Ҷ׽Ÿı̬ȣΪҶҪǰȣҶҲ᲻ѰȥҶ϶һѣҲһ˿ϣ
ǰģһ취Ǻ
ϾǺ˼ҵĵ̣ûձϳѾ˵Щ꣬ȻȵˣҲûΪǡ
ҺȲһ־ηûúʮͷۣЩȻûдʲôãָо˫۾ڿԼʮֲ
Ҷǣ׽֮һ϶˫а۾Լʮֲ
ҿʼһЩҩǴһЩ߰ɣȻܻһЩ
ģҶԲɼһЩҩ
ֻǵ磬ҩЧԽԽҩɷ̫ߣЩܷãһãͻᱻű塣
Ͳˣ
ܵҩҶ۲Ѿãڵõ׼Ȼ
ɷֵͲҪɼˣһãóȻ̷ûкôֻĸõİ취ǲܶԪ̷ҩԪ϶񱩣ٷ
һӴ˷֮еҶ㣬ҶɼҩȻ˵ˣҲȥɼ
һҶɼҩÿһ궼ǧĳɷ֣óȥǱ
ʱԼõһҩһӻꡣ
лǰˣ
ҩҶԼһ꣬мָŮͻƾ硣
ڵ̷ҩԣ̷һ꣬϶ᱻű塣
ǳɣȥأܲܽȣҪ컯
˰֣Ҷ뿪ˡ
ǣ
Ҷ˳뿪ͱڣһβˮ·ˣΪȾ˴Զֻ·̡
ѹᾭ࣬Ϊÿ꣬ͻһ˳룬ЩǲɹʣһЩǳȥ
õȾ巽˵ĵȻܰʱûа׷ѣڸղŲѪ֮ڣһɶ
Ҷ磬յͼָʾǰɽӦþȵڣû뵽ôΣ
ɽ򣬻һȻϣ鲼ṳ̂㣬ƫƫȵھ
ûǰƬ򣬽ȣ
Ҷ˵ͷͼָʾһûΨһϰοΡ
ȲżȥȥɼһЩҩҪһЩܶܽ붾֮Уо綾
һ۶ΣҶ㻺˵ȻóȻȥ
ܰҲͬҶ˿ʼɼҩ
һȻı⣬ȻȱҩܿͲɼ˺ܶƱܶҩġ
ҶʶǬ֮пƣһʱҶʮֱܶ


861 
Ϊ￿ΣҲҩḻΪ·ˣо綾ĵطҲҩ
ԲʲôҶ˲ٽⶾ˳ɼ˲ҩȥ֮󣬿ȫƳɵҩؾܼһʱ䡣
ǵյյʱڽȥɢ٣
Ȼ˱ܶҶ㻹ûóȻ룬ûк־磬ѵﲻֵĵز
ձɹλɢ٣һЩʵĵطıȽ·һҰ޵ڳҶǰ
ʱˣǳ
ʱѾϵգҲһȵʱҶѡ˳ǰ
붾֮У裬ǰҲ׾룬ûкƺõĵͼȻҶ붾ΣҲֱ治ȵڡ
Ƭͨ˴Ҷ㲻ÿ·̽ϵ׽ʼݲһ˿ȴ
СģȻбܶǱⱻմϣ
ҶСǰǿоħҲ¶ܰⱻ塣
İɣҶ磬ϴαȪ֮ҵ٣һĶѾûжв
ܰҲøϴεõȪݣ٣ֺķ˴ҩЩҩ֮УһֿԣȽ֮жˡ
ǻСһ㣡
֮ҶǸожڿԼڿҶϣ˳Ƶɳɳ
һߣ϶ײħΪžĿ£ֻһƲʰһЩֲֵƺЩֲﲻζ
һƬֵ֣ǰҰ˲٣ƺһƬأʧǰһƬ԰
Ҷ磬ǲߴˣʲôڣ
аʱ䣬ǰȫĴ˶Σǰľ󣬲
һ޼ʵĻ԰ǰһ޴ɽ壬ûʲôڡ
㱻Իˣ
֪ܰҶ֮󣬷һ۷ڸεˣȻ޴Ҳ޷ȡ
Ҳ֪ôȥģҲ룬ŴȣĻҲ
һ̽ܰҲоˣһ˿˶ֽš
Ϣһ£Ƶ󣡡
һҶ̸ϴʦ𣬵ҲΪͨǰĻһͨĻҶҪһʱ䣬ҵڡ
СһЩ
ܰﲻʲôæֻһϢ
ҶתһȦʼ˼ˣԿƴʦȫ׽ʲô׵ĵط
ƫƫҶܸӦΪ˾ܵĲ֪һղֿӵĸоӦþǴ﷢ġ
ΪҲһþأ
ҶһԴȻܸӦǻΪβþȥѰһڡ
֮ͨҶľˮһ㣬дʶһɢ˳ȥʼƬ԰
ԽԽԶҶҲڻһߣƺֵʲô
϶ǳ
һ֮ҶڷһЩߣԼ˾޷ҵ
ƵҲǽ󴳽ȥ
ǣܰҶ̤ڻ֮ϣһǰ߼һ߼ȵܰعͷʱ򣬷ֻ԰Ȼ֮⣬Ѿ˦ȥˡ
ô£
ܰһ֮ɫǵԼû߼Ϊλ԰׳ȥϰףֱ̫ˡ
ǻǿ֮ʵʵããʵʵ㲻֪ʲô棬ʲôǼ١
ҶܰͣӵоȻҵҲȻ
֪Ҷо֮󣬺Ÿı̬ȣҶǰȣȻҶˣҲǰ״Ҳȵڡ
ھǽȥ
ҶƾӦǰһ㲨һˮһ
ֱһǰ̽ȥҶ˲ʧĳһĿռһŰҲȥˣֻа档
һʱ䣬Ҷܰһʧԭأ԰ѾãɽɣΨʧˡ
һᣬ·֮ͻȻ׹£˫֮ǰľȫ˱仯Ҳǻ԰Ҳûɽ壬ֻһ޴ʯ
ȣͨȣһãã
ʯһ֣סǵȥ·ֻ˲ܽóȻȥ϶ãã
Ҷ磬ô죡
ëȻ壬ܰץҶֱۡ
ĿľǽȣȻȴ
µ·̣ҶΪ˾ҵȣڵˣô
ȽȥһΣգߣ
Ҷ㲻ܰԼһðգԭأԼһ˽ȡ
УҪһȥ
ʯ棬һľСɭɭģ˭Ҳ֪ͨ
ܰʮָɴľܾҪͬҶһȥ
ǰУҲ֪ʲôΣգźţ룬룬βӦʲôΣգҲ취
Ҷ㻹ǲͬ⣬˶ȥˣһ飬γɲӦ
Ҷô˵ܰĬˡ
Ͱҵ˵ȥźţ
Ҷ㽫ܰ§ڻļ¶ᶨ֮ɫһִţʯȥ
Ҷһʱ׽ͻȻ궯·𱻼һ㣬ǧĲݶ޷ѹơ
ѹֺ˵ϵֻҪһ̤Ⱦͻᷢԭô¡
Ǭ֮εǰȡ˭֪һʯ棬ϵͻֻᷢߡ
˺ü꣬պ޹ʵʵıչ
ʵǲ֪·һκ˽ףȻ뿪Ҳһʬ塣
Ҳħʱ̸Ⱥµԭ򣬲Ǿߣȣֻһֽ
Ѿͻᷢʱ䣬ˣҲû֪浽ʲô
ҶǧĲݣȻҲѹһʱ䡣
Ҷͷ֮ϣ֮ٴ¶۾ĶסҶ㣬ëȻ
ͨľ··ͨǲᶨ֮Ļ϶
ԼĪһʱ䣬ǰһͤӣҲûȥ·ֻ¡
Ҷ֪⻹۷Ӧþͤ档
ǰҶ㷢ԽߣԼϵ׽Խ죬Ҳ滬䡣
۷忪ʼɶҶ̷ǧĲݣóŻòõҩֱԪ赲绬䡣
ڼ䣬Ҷ̫ҩ׽Щҩ᳹ױΪڲ
һ߽ͤ棬һͤӡ
νͤӣĸӣǣͤӲһ
ͤӦӣǣԲԵʮֹ졣
ÿ棬̻֣Ҷ߽һԭҪȣҪƽĶȻͻԶڴˣֱ


862 
ȵҶͷʱĵ·ʧˣ˷·Ư֮ϡ
ܰããһƬֻһͤӣҶվ֮ͤУû·
һ֮֮Ҷǰûбİ취ֻʾȡƵ⣬ֻлȡ
ʱû·Ҷֱǰȥŵһӣ֣·һļ⡣
Ϊ
ֻж̶֣Ҷȥ֪ͣʲôʱһСˣ棬Ҷд𰸣Լȥ
˼һ£Ҷ̵ڿհ׵طʼ̻Լļ⡣
Ϊ
˽ϢֻΪ
ߣΪ顣
ߣΪ顣

֪ȥȥȥΪ
νʵһϢֻΪҲ֮Ϊߣ죬ֳ֮ΪߣҲһ塣
֮ҶһижҶҲ֪ܲܶԵϣʲô
Ϊ
ǵڶϿ̻֣Ӧȵĺ塣
ֻв̤ȣĹأ͸ֻΪһѿݹǡ
ͷ˼һ£Ҷڻķ֪ʶȫ֪ʶǲУҪԼĸ
֪ʶܶ˶ǲĺһҲûá
ñ֪һһڶ֪ΪʲôڶҪĸԼصļ⡣
䱾ģֹϡ
б֮֮߱
бܸ֮Ҳ
Ʊ䣬֮߱䱾Ҳ֮ΪΪҲ
ϹδﲻҲδкβҲΪ䲻֮Ҳ
Ҷ֮󣬷˵ľȻ٣رǶĸ򣬷·һ򣬶Ҳ͸
ų˹ȥ̻ҶĵĺҪԼľȫȥ֣ǰҶ⾳
Ϊף
ףӣȶйر֣Ҷ㿴֮׽ʼ
Ҷüͷһ壬ҶһƬհף֪֮٣֪µ
ħ
ҶħѰҴ𰸣ԼȻħʧȥϵܸһ
ôаŮ޷Ӧˣ
Ҷŷ֣Լڳһ֮⣬ʲôӦ·һ磬һС
Ϊףͷ죬̤أмһΪУص߲мˣƽȣЯ֣϶Ϊס
ʣʱ˳֮ͨߣһһ֮ף֮ڸ֮
ߣؼ˴棬ƽΨһ໥֣ΪסⲡʹԻ󣬽ֽ٣һʹࡣ񷨣ִͳʹھݣΪס
ףǴߡΨߣΪס״ںĴߡȱߣΪס
ЩֶǴħ֪ġ
Ϲʱڣ½壬ʼʱ˽ɻ󣬽ѣʹࡣ
˱֮ΪǻۣҲ֮Ϊ
ԼںĴ½һ㿪٣γһ޴壬Ǵ½ÿһ䡣
Ϻֳּǻߣݵһߵľ磬ռԣױܼݻš
޾ԣ徭һηٲʢ֮𽥽˥䡣
˥ԭ򣬾̭忪ʼѣħ֡
ڵ˽ΪѣױܼȴĳЩĻа֮ѧа涫ħˣӶγħĴڡ
һħĽⳡ֮У˫أǧ꣬һЩһս֮Уûʷĳ֮С
ԺͿʼһįֱ֣Ѿʧ½
κ嶼һԼʷ
ѩһҲһʱǨһЩ峹ʧʷ̨ϡ
֮Ҷ㷢ԼǸղô񱩡
ҶҲû⣬綼ֱᷢһӡ
ܲܳɹҶҲûף£֪ҶֻЩˡ
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ǿϵ֣׷ĸ֡
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ħаħ֣ռҲ
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⣬Ҷֻ֪ô࣬ҲǴ֮ݻ
Ϲʱڣֻףûݣݱ
׸ּңνռֻף߲ͬ
˺ڣռԸԲںϣγ֮
һ֣ͤûʲô仯Ҷ㾲վԭأܰԽԽŨʼͤӡ
һϿͻȻһ磬ɽһ壬ͻȻ
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μϣ
ͻȻֵǸȳӣ·һȳһգ棬ͻȻָƺڼʲô

ͻȻһȻʲô
ҵݣӦûô죬ѵʲô飿
һɻ֮ɫ
ϣǺ˴ȣ
ЩŮ֪˵ʲôһɻ֮ɫѯʡ
ˣ
һЦûиǽ͡
ѵƽ𣿡
Щ˷ǶѾмǧˣΪ䣬뿪Ϊ˾ػĴС
һ
ҲǲҶ϶ǰ㣬Ӧûʱ䣬Ϊǰô࣬˽ġ
û˵ֱ£һöǣҲ֪жˡ
öʵǮҳ֣ڵϣһĻ档
ûѾʼңû뵽鶼ǰˣ
վղռһԣѾ²˭ˡ
ϣǲǸ÷
Ȼ壬Щһ¶ȵҪ˷Ž
ɣĹزƣһأ֤廹δʱ򡣡
ֱӾܾشϹʱھȻΪϵ
˶עŷ壬ҪĽչ
ѣȻ𣬻ƮȻܰȫȡ
ЩֻҲûκλȣ壬ѾûˣԼǲˡ
ҶȻͣԭأƺȱٵʲô˵
ѵдĲԣ
ҶǺַܿˣԣԼӦˣͤӿ϶ʧô¡


863 
Ҷվԭأ˼һʱ䣬Ŀ˼
Ȼһ˸Ҷƺˣһ˿⡣
Ҫҿûûһжһѭ飬ߣΪ
ҶͻȻ˫ۣȥŲ˼鷢ˣҶо磬弱׹
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶͻȻһŲסˣ׹ٶȣһ岻׹
˫ۣӡһɽȣɽˮ㣬ϪˮʣһƬԴ
˫أȻڸǲҶ֮֮ɫ
ȣ
Ҷһɻ֮ɫҶ㿴һа񣬲ȻҲдţһȣãã
ǵǰĳ֮Ҳ߸Ҷȵӡ
һɽȥ˲һյʱ䣬ǰͻȻһȺ˳Ҷǰ
Сѣӭȣ
ȺԶֿһȳ˳һЦ⡣
㣡
ҶԭأЩӦ
˵ǻģֻҪǰʱˣ
˹һЦ⡣
ǰ⵽ô£ô
ǰߣҶ㵱ǰŮҶ˵һĻҶһҡ
Ҷ⵽׷ɱöң뵽һ£֮󣬻ø
ﲻ˵֮أǽȥ˵
Ҷĵ˿⣬ΨһǣҶǰ˶ѡ
ȵȣһи棡
Ҷܰ棬ʱҲСҪѰԼ
²ûҶ㲽ͤӵʱͻȻʧˣվԭصܰһûκԥֱӲСҪ׷Ҷ㡣
ǵʱ򣬷ֻȻ޷ǰԽԽ
İɣͰȥ
ҶҪġ
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Ҷĸ𰸣ȻȫĹѵѾԲŽˡ
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˵Ҷһݣ˵һƬԴûκסһҡ
·׷׾Ϲÿһǹмӡ
ǿҶ֮һɻΪҶ̫İˣʲôʱ˽ˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷһʵķ棬Ǵɽˣ涼ͱڣֻһȥ
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滷ɽڵһأϧû⽨ԵЩˣ
ҶֱԲ˵棬ѰҵͱڣԼķӣ˵ţһء
ﲻܷУҪͱǱ߷ɹܣҪȥֻһ·һ·κ˶޷
˵ûȷЩˣ
û뵽Ҷô˵Լѡôһط췿ӣȴҶ˵ɼߣֻܿЦ
󹷣ȥټֱһʱ֮󣬵üϣ
˷棬߳һʮҵӣʮֺǻſˮ
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󹷺ٺɵЦһҶ㣬ûĨȥǵĿˮٺٵЦ֮󣬸Ͻܳȥˣֱ֪ͨˡ
һ¶ĸˣҾˣϧȱһһǣȱ첲ȱȣƫƫȱٻǡ
ε˵
һҶͷˣ֮󣬵ĿǰΪֹҶûпһˣȱȱǸ
ղŴ󹷵ʲôɶҲȱҶʮֺ棬ͣȻȱһ첲ȱһһǣֻһɵӡ

Ҷý֮УһȳһյΪҶϲ衣
үү˵˴ȣ
Ҷ£һ֣һŮ˽
Ѿͷǵ𣿡
߽Ůõǲϧȱһ첲Եв㣬˲һ֮顣
ǡ
Ůһ۾ϳˣϧ֪Ҷʲô
ûǵүүȥʱ꣬ǵõ˵ȡ
ԼŮһЦ⡣
ֵĴҶ㣬ƺЩ⣬ҲЩ档
үүȲ˵˽ô
ˣ޳ʱ̶ڱ仯Ҳľǡ
Ȼȥ˵ʲôҶŽȣ˵ЩҲš
Ŷ
ŮȻһͷˮȻүү˵ˣҲü׷ȥ
һȥãҸСһȥ
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ܻǾһƬΪ˵ģЩȴģһ¶ڴĿ⡣
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ͨʥصڣǶóԼעŻ֮У֮ţҶСѽʥء
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Ҷǰһɫӣһߣһʮֳƣƾã͸޾ɣС
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ʹȻڣֻǱС˺ܶ࣬˽ѱ˺ѣֱ棬ֻصʸûС
紩͸㾧ڣҶҲ֪͸˶ٲ㣬ͻȻޱȳǰÿپڻĿռ档

Ҷ㱻һǿ̵۾ʱ䣬Ӧܵǿ⡣
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ٴοһҶоһɽԼϮѹٴӡ
ûһѹͻһЩҶʮѹڳܷΧ֮ڡ
ǰʮף廹ܳܵסҶѾ΢΢׾룬һľ룬Ҷƺƣĸо
Ҳ䣬һɹģ
ҶԼһᶨͤ滹һҶʧȥϵǰаŮħʧȥϵ
Ϊ֪ʱȥ˶ãҶֻƾоǰȵָһЩ߼
ӿʼϱǧѾ֮ҶǱһɽǰ
常ѾһʱˣϢ
õ˻δɢȥû뵽ҶѾȥһʱˣûκζ
˭Ҳֻ֪ܵȣ
Ҷʥ֮ѾӦҶˣҲ˵׼Ͼʥ˭ҲʲôϾû˽ȥ
峤ϣˣ
ڼ۵ʱ򣬴洫һȵһʮẺӳ˽ͷ󺹡
ʲôˣΪ˻ţ
һɫʲôʱ򣬶Ҫ侲һֱĴС
ħڵˣڳȽ
ӸڣʱҶʱҲǵһ֪ħڵˣһʱ֪ͨ
ħڵǰöʱһɧǵĵ黹Ƿˡ
ĳ綼
һ˵峤ȻûҶǰħڳ綼̲壬ռѰ
Ҷڳ˼ħЩûַǵȴλᣬ֪һֱѰ֮ˡ
֪ͨȥػ󣬾ֹħڴʱ䡣
Ҫȣħǿ϶ⲻһɱ¾


868 ħϮ
֪ħǰҶûж⣬ղѾʾ彫ҪӭһȷѪꡣ
ħ֮ռɽ赲˽壬Ǿܿ壬˳ȥΨһĳ·ֻɽ
ˣֻаʱܳȥһΣΪÿʱ䣬ɽĻȹȥȫԴӡ
Щ壬ȻˮˮǰȴһֱҪػԼĴУħڶߡ
ħڲԸԼǱȥģֻҪȻͳĴУ壬϶ᱻûʷĳ
ݱ˰ǰǳսʧأħҲԪˣЩϢ˳ٴϯ
ܿͷˣһħڴǰĿģҪȡϹױ˭ܵõȻܼ̳塣
ϣֲ˶ã
ǰһۣһ޴ĳ´ܶط١
ܵã׼ħڵ̤һ
Ըȥʱণ˻ʼӭս
ףŮȫվڵһߣ׼ӭħڵϮ
Ҳȥ
ڶ೤ϻ峤׷뿪á
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ʮʥ֮һߣһŨڵڷа˫ۣԵޱһɹתϢ
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վڣŴʼζϱ΢΢һ䣬һħڣֶҪȰǰҪǿҡ
˹λ֮ע֮Уάִת
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淢飬ҶһŲ֪˿̾ųصĽŲһһǰǰ
׾룬ҶѾһңǵ˺棬ԽԽѡ
Ѿѹ⣬ǳܾ޴ԪѹղǵڳһصѹҶԪ
Ҷ㲻ǰĹͷҲ˱仯ʱҵĹͷ棬ڷһҶ㶼ûмĺǣЩԪѹǴЩɢġ
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û׽Ҷ޼ɵʩչԪֵϵѹѹӣҶԪҲһδεı
һΣҶԪ;һΣÿһѭҶ㷢ԼԪʾͻᱻȥ
ԪԪԼٶⲻǾʱ䡣
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£һɹӣ֮һ޴׽ĻηȴַҶΪ£һĽϹ
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׷˷Դı棬ԵҶϳ֮˲һǸУ·ع鵽ĸ׻
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869 
׾룬ҶҲ֪ãԼĻҲˡ
ʱ䣬Ҷ˷һʹ࣬Ȼõ˴еļֻҶ֪һΣҶ׳ԡ
Ԫһδα˺ѣ·룬һ㽫Ԫ͸Ϲ޸ּ尾ֱ
üҶʹĶҪιȥǿ־֧ţҶͨİɫ·ϡ
Ҳһ֣Ҷļ˺ѣ飬ҵʹ࣬Ϯȫ
ҲһôҶ̷֮ǱδʧɾһѹЩױ뵽ҶѪ֮С
ҶҲڳѪѪһξ룬öֻҶѪѣûȫɹת
ҶȫʢʱڷãȫԽѪתϧʱ䣬ҶѡȻָ磬תѪ
ʮ֮˾ţʮʮŶһвԲʱģһܻԲȱ
Ȼʧȥ˳ɹתѪĻᣬҲάҶ㾳ûе䣬νеʧ
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ڵõ˳ҲõѹһЩʶȥҶͷͨԪԲ磬ǿѪ籼ҽ
սѾӽȻһʱȥˣҡҡλΣħڲϵƽѾͤӱԵ
˵޷˽Ƕħ˵ͬ裬ͬ;ܶǳһҡ
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𣡡
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Ѿزסˣһɱ¾ʿ׼ȫվࡣ
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ʵʱ䣬赲ħڽȵٶȡ

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õ֮ļӳ֣ҶըԵ˫֮ϣۣ֮ҶҪ
岽룬Ҷδʧʱǿͻȥ
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𣡡
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ӦþǴĵطǴɢȥġ
ڵ棬һż׵ɢӨĹâϷһһַǳİʯֻǿ֮вŻ֡
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ಡ
ڴʱʮħʥӳˣħһڵϮʿʱ䱻֡

һҽУʿʮħʥɱ

Ȼ˥ˣ֧֮岻ظۼٵˡ
ʧҶһҲ޷̤֮С
Ԫȼգҽ
Ҷ㾹ȻȼԪ֮ϣȼһ𣬳޾֮һ䣬֮С


870 ױ
ķԪҶ㲻ϧʧԴڿ֮С
ѹһȫʧҶ̱ʹһ˿ſڵϣɿ񱩵ϴˢԼ壬ٵڻָġ
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س֣Ƕ˼꣬˵һǧֻ꣬粻֪ˡ
ʿһˣܿȱȫ򿪣Ҳסħڵˣ˫γ˶š
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ħվǰ棬ֳֹȵ峤
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ÿˣ˵ûУȻУҲύ
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ڵħȻǿ󣬵Ҳֻʮ֮УҪڴ½ʶһõƾǿͿԺɨһЩˡ
ûشô磬֪ûױױѾʧ꣬ױʧ֮ķѣֱǰĴսڽѣǿϽҵĴ֮£϶ʣ½Լһأʶ½۷塣
ħἰ£ױʧ̫ˣԵķѡ
Ȼ㶼֪ʧ꣬ǻȡױ
һߣΪħǡ
ΪѾ˽ʥҲ֪֪
ħĵȴһʱ䲻Ͻǽãħͻɱ䣬ȫһҲܵõ
ֳ뵽˽֣

ģȼһԪŽȥ֮ҪúõȡһȻҪҺü²ָܻ
ҶղȼվԪҶҲǷǳ֮Ҫĵرָܻ
ҺŨһʧľԪҲָܿ
ϧʱޣҶ㲻ҳʱ䶺ָһЩվȥ
Ǻܴ󣬵ǺܸߣҶ̧ͷϿȥȻǿգ·ûжĶա
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϶ƺֶ̫࣬ܶǺҶ㵹Ҳһš
ʣôûˣԶţĴ½ͳֹÿ֮˳֣Ԥʾظֽᷢ仯ױҲ֮ʱ
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ҶþԭأԼ˾ȻǣԶԼʲôôȥĵҶһƬģ
ԵˣȻܽ֤Ѿ㣬Ҫױȥɣױ꣬ߣ͵ǸĽ
˵󣬳ʧҶˣöͷǹǣ崫ױǵһͷǹǡ
лǰ
Ȼ֪ǰ¼õģҶ㻹Ǹм㹻Ҷպܾˡ
ںĴ½Ϲ̫֮ϡ٣رǲڣһЩṳ̂ĵط
Ϲʱڣ컯֮֮УУ°빦ڣһǳ
ûҶߵ̨ǰױһŨ뵽Ҷ棬ҶоǵƤ
Ǻܿ죬һѹһӣǱҶ棬Ժա


871 ֮
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ħһ֣ڶӷ׷ǰһս⡣
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£û뵽޳ֵܵزүǶԸһСŮӣҵ磬Ҵ۽磡
ҶŵЦ⣬ܰܣָһ㣬һֱ֣û۷峤֮С

ͻȻһҽУ֮ϳִָǱƽˡ
Ҷ΢⣬Ͷ֮䣬ʩչָɻɱһˡ
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޵ĶҶ㣬ղҶľٶУƾָһ㣬ɱһ۷峤ϣòˡ
ס֣
޵һȣһӷֿ˺վڵϻǿ׵ͬ峤ϣϵɱŨ
λСֵܣ֮ĶԹСֵܲҪ˻ˮˣ
޵Ҷ㿴˹ղҶ֣ǿһĸ־ȻҶ㡣
ϧ˾Ͱ£ԲãҵʱԲˣ
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Ҷޱ飬ֻЦǲ£ֹĿģĲݣ¶նɱһ֡
Ҷһ˵ڳб͵ȥˣҺֹһ˿ʴ֮ģôǿмɱ°ӣŷԲǧЩ׷ͶЧǲҡ
ȻˣǽǶҪ
ô͵棬Ҷ㲵ӣ޵²̨һɱ⣬ŵЩͶ㵽һԣ꼰
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ڶִ࣬Ҷ㲻õ꼰޹
Щһ£׷׳ս֮С
ϣ֣ӴƳܰѹȶ˶Ҫǲҵ
Ҷ˫ֽӡһ˿֣֮ܵͻȻߣ˸оһļ£һֲ
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ǲ⵽˴ϮǲŭὫŭйЩͨ˵ϡ
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þƴһܾˣ˫źãǾͿԹϷֲҵԴˡ
ԽԽЩûӳȥˣֻܱΧһƬ𺣣ֻдûܵϮ
ղϰ˰ΧҶ㣬̶һʱ䣬˴룬󲿷ֶ
żһȥ޵ɫĿ£ԼһͶ塣
СӣҪ㣡
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883 ңУ
޵ڳӶˣΪͿնɱҶˣΪȻ׳֡
Ϊһ¼󲿷ֵ˵ˣȻûҲյĲˡ
ǻ֮飬ҪͨǿĴڡ
һƬǽ壬Щʹ󲿷ֶһɪɪ޵ǲߣ⽫һǼ塣
ѵĲ޵ҶȻŵЦ⣬ôֻǼٸʹˡиڲҵ֮¡
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֮ţҶӵҲ֮ġ
ȻϴŵЦ⣬Ҷȫ䱸Լһؽ֡
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СӣҲ˭ǽǶҪ
ˣڷܣʮֻ꣬ǿ
޵гһīɫĳǹͿҩ
ҵҪôɱң
ҶȻһЦ⣬ܰѾǣסˣϾ
Ҷ޵ܰϳһ˿ԥ֮ɫ׸ҶǶԻǴ
Ҷ磬߰ɣҵĳԼҲ㣡
ܰҶ㲻УͻҶ㣬Լ˲ҪΪӦ׳һҪгˣû·
Ҷ㲻һΪԼžģܰҶװ׵
ɵѾͷ֮仹ֱ˴𣬺úսжվ飬ѾΪʷˣ
ҶܰһοЦݣҪɱҶ̫ˣҶ㻹ߵڡ
˵˻ϵȻûϵܰŶĹùãҶҲԹۡ
ɣ
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ҶʱоѹΪֹҶ㶼Ƕܣû潻֣Ѱһᣬ˵ҶĥԼ
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˼սмʮУڵʯ֮ɣҶƮʩչ˼£ſܿ޵һһεķ
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ĸӡ֣Ľɨһգ˲̮ܵĻԽԽСҶջ˻֮顣
ճһڵѷ죬޵˸һ˿ɵ֮ɫ似Ȼǣŵط
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ЩҲ֣Ҷ˸ƣӣϽ㵽һԡ
޵Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫҶ㿴粻ߣЩ似̫ǿһ˸޷ʩչûǿƾ似Խɡ
Ҷ㲻ʩչˣһû⵽ɣһ͵˳Ȼǿ˹
ʵ֮߱ʽܶҶ㶼ʼ򿪣һαһǿȻֻǵһʽǰͬն

ڵĳǹһתȫһͷڵŭԳɱݺݵľ˹ȥ
ҲҸ⣬ֱ֮
ɱǺѪ޵ȻԺԵѹҶ㡣

һ֣ȫƺԣڶԷʽһʱɱ˱仯һϵѹ
䣡
ԱɣɱȫռϷ磬ǲ޵ǿʵҶսһƽֵ֣ס߱ʽ
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ôǿ似һ֮ģں޲Ҫ˺Ҷ㣬似似ǲҲƫһż½Ҳ֮ء
ڶʽʱҶϵ似ǿңΪӵڶʽᵽΣյźš
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ڷɣ
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ҪɹʱҶʵͻȻֱ˼顣
֮ɱٴηһСǶˣΧڲҸٳٲ뿪ֲҽȥֻԶԶĹۿ
ģ
ѣеĽһ̣һЩˣԼӵһɶЩ˵Ĳҵӣ˵ˣһЩֱڽ档
䡭
Ҷһʮоֱ۷飬صȻǿҶ㲻ò
ʱ𾪵ĪЩûӳȥıͣΪ޵˲ɱҶ㣬ǼйҶ˿ûаܼǿ£޵뵽˱״̬
㵽ʲôȻ˲ʵ
޵ΪҶʲôаղͻȻǣֻΪֻа
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Ҷż֮ɫʮ䡣
Ϊûа취ɱһὫɱڳĽƤЧȣ
Ҷ˵ɿ棬״̼˲޵񾭣Щ£ȷʵʹ֮ϣʧȥģǿʵѹ⵽Χ
ԲѣҾķڷ
ɱٴξʽʽǿˣҶԪ


884 ң£
ʽ֣ǿ󣬿Ҷ㻹ԪҪȸղŷһࡣ
ſֲƣҪԼҪǿ󣬲޵¶֮ɫ
ƾһУҶĹѾﵽس۷壬ڡ
ʲôҶʩչǿʽӡ£ÿһռ䣬޵޿ɱܣֻжԿ
ؾҶûдζ˼ȻҪսʹս˵һս
䣡
֮ϣҵը˵Ѿӵϣ֮ϣһδϵ˶ˣڸ޵֡
ʲôˣ˴󵨣ȻƲң
ڷԲǧѾԵ˼ʮ꣬Ѿٹ̣û˸ȥƣǾȻ˻˲ҡ

һͺȣɱΪɾʣЩĤݲѣ

޵оԼȫѹסˣСӻǹ̥ƾأѹԼﵽؾɱκξ硣
кɫǹͻȻΪǹӰգϧӣǿֱײֱ޵ǰ
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аһʽ֣˿߱ʽ۽սаʤһ
аֹ죬˷ʤ߱ʽ󿪴ϣһʵǿԼá
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ҪԪֵһҲȫλҲѺۣΨһõģֻʣԪˡ
Ҳù
дԪ޵ȻԱҲҪըҶ㣬ԪͿߡ
ûлģ
Ҷܿ޵ǿ֮ĩûֱֹ̲ͣ޵Ĳӡ
ּֿ޵ҪԪˣֻоһһѪ
ϵĺѾɢȥղŵһĻ˶޵Ҷһ
ˣˣ
Ѫϵ޵һɢĶҶ㣬ҪҶģεĿ̻
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Ҷǰһ仰ˣҲ֮
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飡
޵־ȻܻһҶ㣬ҶˣһƽɫԪͻȻԶȥ
Ҫˣ
޵Ԫߣ˴ĺȵ
ߣûôף
ҶҲû뵽޵Ȼ֮ǰԼԪߡ
֮ìɱ
һɫ֮ìˣµ׵Ϣ˲ա


885 ɳԹ
޵Ҷ֮ԪͻȻ壬Ԫߣڶ
Ҷܸᣬ֮ìˣ޾׵գһǣֱ׷ߵĲ޵Ԫ

һĲҽ֮Զ޵Ԫ֮ìնɱһƲûʣ¡
׵֮֮󣬱˵ֻʣһԪȻӵǿ׵֮Ҳֻܱâ
սδܰսذҪɱܰҲôףܰҪɱǣҲܡ
һҽУҳʧأɫ䣬Ȼˡ
һ䣬֮ܰ󣬾ȻҲѡߡ
һʧܰûȥ׷ˣҶǸһ˿Ц⡣
չþûˣˣ
һ˽ɫ乭ˣʱ䣬Զ빥չó
ݣ
ֱ֣׷ҳϡ
˵ǻŲ·ߣﻹ档
飡
ը֣ҽҲռＸʮ֮õĲңȻ
ЩδĲҵӣʱ⵽˷شЩͣдϵˣ׷׳ңϵɱ
ǸʲôҪץң
һӱ˳ǲ޵֮ӣҲǱܰϵӵλڱ˳
ҶЩûȤȥˣ޵ʣµ˺ѻˡ
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֮Ҷٴҫ
Ҷ磬Ϊǽϻ˺㣡
ڸһϢ·˶ʮƣǵʱ򣬷ǽŲٸʾһЩ֮ģĻȻҶ㡣
ҫ壡
Ҷϴɱҫȣ˾ͽϣҵķŭ԰䷢׷ɱڷԲԼټ
ⲻһ׷ɱˣ
ҶЦһ֣Լ֮󣬾ͱ˶ˣѾϢ塣
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֪ܰҫ˾ͽ嵽кʵΪ˰ȫ·
ˣڻȥ·϶ˣĳ綼ҪҲ㲻
Ҷ㿴ĺܿɱҫȵһҶ֪ҫ綼ỳɵԼϣǵʱɢȫɱ
ϧҶ㲻ɱ֮ˣЩҲ޹ģҪҶɱ䣬Ҷ㻹
·ض·˵أȻԷɵˣ϶ŹԼѾɴɱһǧŹһ˵Ĵ㡣
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˲СǣϢһ죬ҫҪϵҲҪһʱ䡣
Ҷһʱ䣬԰Լѵ״̬
ҵһջҪһ䣬Ҷϴһ裬ָ˴롣
ϣϰһöָǲ޵ѹιġ
ٺٺ٣ҫ壬˾ͽ壬ϣǲҪԼȻǳ
ҶǻһߣҶ㲻ˣҲǶˣԸˣõİ취ԶƶԱƱ
û뵽޵ָ澹Ȼ˶ĶԸ㹻ˡ
ҶҫϾʹ˽ҹҲˣԷִҪɱԼҶҲ塣
ҵҶָƣʱӻӶž֪һҫƹҫǣʵǺ
ҫʵڣ޵൱ʵ϶ҪȲ޵߳һ
峤ʮˣֱسڣŲ϶壬Ҳһ塣
ݣ壬ʤأ϶壬أŵһ塣
壬һȵһ壬һЩһȻҲ򣬵Ǹȣ֮
һҹʱ䣬Ҷ㷢ԼסĿջ棬ٺӿƶԼģóȻж
ҶҲ⣬ĳ綼ĴͻƲãҶҪϵĴĥԼľ硣
ۣ֮ҶҪϵܶɫģǹȻûҶҪ˽
ɫһҶһܰҲţҶ㷿䣬ϴһٶ·
ǰǵɽǻ𺣣Ҷ㶼ҪȥǱҪȥײμڼҴȣֻһʱˡ
·ңԶȻ˲ҲҪһ֮ãҶ㻹ȥ̫һˣŶܰ棬ҲȴŶ˼
һԵķŻٶȣһ·˵Цͣͣϵͷ羰
Ҷ磬Ǳ˸ˣ
̲ܰס׻ǿˣ뿪СʼǾͱ˶ˡ
һȺСѣ⣡
ӳǵʱҶ֪ˣڿջԵһҹĺˣҶ뿪Ҳ׷׸ų
ԼĪСʱ䣬˽һƬɽûиɽϴҶ·ʯֹ֮ء
ڴ˻صʵأҶϴβҫ˾ͽƴҶ
ι״ʯͷгֵˣҶܰͣס˽Ų
ɱҫС㣡
ԶȺ֮У߳һɢޣʱҲڳֱҫ˹ָˡ
Ҷһɨڳҫ֮⣬˾ͽҲˣ˫ʮˡ
СӣɱҵŮ
ҫɢֱӶȥһҶը졣
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ҶһЦ⣬˫һ̯Ȼҫˡ
СӣٸװͿȣҫ˾ͽ壬˫ɱ֮ȵıع⣬ɱȸ˾ͽϣ˵ûɡ
ҫһ֮ɫһҶ߹ʮˣһŭ⡣
رҫȵĸ磬ɱɢγʵʡ
ҫҫıҫӣֻһŮ֮ǰҶɱŭ⾭ĥȻɢȥ
ȻǶ֪ˣαڷϻ
Ҷٴ̯̯֣ǰԼʯֹһˣҶҲý͡
ȻˣǾ־ܣҵԸһȫʬ
ҫ߳һϣݺݵĶҶ㡣
Ȼˣû˵Ҫ־ܣһȺ׳գ
Ҷ㵹ˣԼˣʹԼ׸
ǲ֪˾ͽ壬Ĺ
һֱҫ˵˾ͽûпڣҫ׼֣˾ͽ岻ԸˣǵȻϣҶ䵽ҫ
˾ͽ϶ʱʲô˭ɱһ
˾ͽҪԼҫ˵
˫Ȼйͬĵˣǲ˫ѣ壬ʱгԹһǶΪǹͬĳҶ㡣
Ȼһҫ͹СӣӦ˾ͽĳͷ
˾ͽҲƣ˫л


886 Ҷ
˫˭ҲԸҶ㣬ϾغӣҪǱԷõҶ㣬˴˶ʧ档
Ҷ㶼ɱ֮ˣ϶Ҫгˣ϶ñ˴˵õ
ȻǶҪɱңҸһᣬһϰɣ
˫۲ݣҶǣȻҪһ֡
һ˫ǸԴϣӢӾʹ˼ʮˣʵǳۺ񣬵ƾһ׵ɱҶ㣬Ҷ㾹ȻҪһֱ֣Ц
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֣ڳҪɱ˻ûУҶһƣȺҶҲиõİ취ֻûб©ѡ
֪ܰҶʵضɱϲسڣԼ磬Ҷɱֱһֻһ
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ݣ
һâ˸Ҷ㲢δ©΢⣬ʩչŷֱֽӶռ䡣
һѪϻδȻҶһɱ
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һؾһҶ߹ӴƣѹȵҶ㶼޷̧ͷ
˵Сܻ𣿡
ԶһЩɢޣҲһЩֻ֣˵Ʊ޷忹⣬ЩһֱѹեʵЩɢޣҲÿҵɫˡ
Ѱ
һʮҡҡͷǵȻϣܴһ壬̫ˣҶһ֮壬ѻʯ
ǿδأҿСӲ򵥣ûһ֮ɫ𣡡
ҲͬһʮĹӶȽϿҶ㣬ΪҶпңȻܴҵĻ棬ҲһЩʧ
Ⱥ˵硣ǰۿԽԽ࣬ǧˣûиҿǰ󲿷ֶһЩʵСߣصĲûж١
ʵǿ֮˭ͽݺĵشá
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Ҷﲻ߶ɢǿƣҶ޶ãһӰҶֱһͲһ¶

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ԶЩֵ˸Ǿʷ׳ʣǵȻˣҶûɱַҲò˺ʪ͸һƬ
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Ͳ˳ȥҶҲһ£ҺԼ׼˽ⶾȻ⵽ɡ
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һһûҶ֣ȺøҶᣬʩչԽ࣬ҲԽ졣
ֳ뵽˽֣
ôˣǲǿڿҪɱҾְɣ
Ҷ㳯ҹ˹ָƣǵЩһۡ
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Сӣң
żľӢһ£˾ͽŭҶϻжӥչᣬҶ¡
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Լж˾ͽһ֪ʮСģ῿һԶ̵Ĺơ
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ͻȻһУһâ˭Ҳ벻˾ͽĹҶᷴΪ
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˾ͽû뵽Ҷôһ֣һҶ㿿¡
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Ҷ㷢һЦеͲͻȻ˳ȥ˲ΪǣֻҪ˾ͽҶת
ұ
Ͳ֮ը˾ͽȻ˵Ŀ죬ҶƵˣһһȵ˵ʱͲѾ׼
գƣսҫԶԶվһԣȻ֪롣

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꣡
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뵽ҫ˿Ҷ㣬һɼɵ
СӣҪɱ㣡
˾ͽŭˣû뵽ССʧ󣬾ȻԼشΪκˣҲ벻Ҷ㲻˷Ȼ֡
ô벻ҶһƳ˾ͽƣˣ߸ǵ֪
⻹ؾһлؾö˶֡
ԶЩֵˣˣȫԭأҶһһεľϲ
ǿ˾ͽĹҶ϶ãǾлˣҶᴦڱ״̬һѹסҶ㣬ҫڳ֣Ҷ㼸ûзء
һм㶼û˾ͽҲûҫҲûǾôġ
ǼһҶȫɱڵʵ˾ͽĹҶŻ᲻˷ԹΪأõսʽ
Ȱ㻹ʵʵԭأΪеûˣֶֻҪմһ㣬總֮ңһӶѵõ
ŷ˾ͽҶЦһֶǲ·ģʮҶӲ޵ѳҩŸʹá
˾ͽɫ䣬ʶæ壬һ飬ɫʱһƬҰ֮ɫ
ΪԼԪһʧƺڱʲôʳˡ
úݵĶ
˾ͽҧгݵ˵
˵ҪɱңҪñɱľԼڤ粻飬ܺԼһңҲ֪Щôôãûб塣
ҵ·Ȼö˵䲻ȲŰ裬Ҳ޼ֻǵֶιһЩѡ
ܲ˸ͣ˾ͽо綾ҵĵҲ
û˾ͽ岻ϵѹեЩɢޣЩ˾ͽɢ޲Ҳ˾ͽ峥ʱˡ
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˾ͽ嵹̨ˣЩɢ޿ʼ޼ɵ
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ǻԥʲôղŲǿڿҪɱңô˵ˣ
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ʲôаֻҪвԼû˻ȥں

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û뵽ҫҲôһ죬Ҫ˵ôûˣְɣ
ҶҲе㵣ģһЩİԼħͷʮԼǶ֣Դսپ
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Ҷǲħ壬£ҶֲҫǵˣҶ㿴ǳ˼ɱ㣬ܲܵɱɣҶ㷴Ӧ
Щ޶ԣҫɫʮѿЩҫЩˣȻЩɢ޲ųǡ

˿̣ҫȻһҪڷչһζѹȻܶüɳҲʧȥġ
ԵҫѣЩֻ侮ʯ
ͨЩҫһǷҪ赲
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ҫһ֣ʮ˷ֳ飬ַ֣Ҷ϶һֱУַ֣ܺҶ㡣
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޳ܣ
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˾ͽ廹ʣϣܰǣסˣҫߣһϣʮӣҫʱ׼֡
ҶʱҲ࣬ҫ֮Դ㳵սһĿģڵȴԮ
ԷļƲߣҶ˲䶴Ӵ֮ԺҶǻԽԽԲÿһܸ֪һ
õָʾʮ˲ֿʮΪһ飬һĹʼˣҲǿζҶԪ
Ҳʱʱ̿̾ҶʩչսȻ޳ܣǰȷʵõİ취
ǵҪóƲˣ
ҶĿ£ٵˣһԮˣҶѷɡ
΢⣬óˣҫ
ɱ¾֮˷ܵ˻Ӳ΢֮Ҷ㻹ûýɱˣҶ㲻أͷų
һƺâ֣ףҶϱһɿµĽΧ۵ЩͻȻ֣ԼĳȻʹʼ׷׳ʡ
ǿĽ⣡
Щʹ֮˷׷סԼĳͻȻʡ
ҫɫ΢΢һ䣬ҶʩչǿʱȻоһ˿ΣΣꡣ

ɱ¾֮һɨ춼ǽΪ΢΢ÿһռ䣬ǡ
͡
һ󼡷и֣ΧҶʮͻȻס壬ÿ˵Ĳһϸϸ˿ڣȻҶһ
ɱһɱ־ʼҶ꣬˫۾Ȼɺ֮ɫµɱ⿪ʼ
ÿֲɱ¾֮Сӵɱ˶ˣ
ԶЩɢ޺Ȼˣž֮ɫҶһҫȥ
ʱǱҵģ
Ҷһһ˵ɺѪս޷Զֽ޾ѪȾ֮ҶĻ꺣֮С
˿̵Ҷ㣬һɱ֮Ѫ
ڶҫӳˣû·Ψг֡
һҶ㽣һɨа΢⣬޼᲻ݣǲؾҶǸ²һڶδü֣׷׵¡

Ĳ
ֱ岨֣ҫŴ֮зӦűʬ壬ĶڵѪ
ΪǣҶ㣬ʧʮӢӣΪ˺ľҶԪʧˣҶԪ嫴󺣣޾
սôãҶԪԽԽǿʢûпݽߵ˼˶ΪҶһ̥һʮаħ
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һʱ֮ǰﻹվϰˣ˾ͽֻʣˣ˾ͽһˣҫҲʣˣֱҫһϣҫȵĸ硣
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ҫܵѹȣʱߵ괫Ͼ׹⣬
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һҫĴ޷ܡ
˵ȥ
ҫһŭ𣬽ȫҫ˿̲֪˵ĵʲԷ⣬ֻԼʱ䡣
˵˵˾ɣ
һãҶˣһ仯ֱȡѨҶŹһˡ
ǱܰҲռϷ磬ʱĥܰʵһжʼƣҶ㲻õġ
ɱҫʣϲٳɣ׷׳֣Ҷܿ콻սһ


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սĺأҶüһԼʵһֱûʩչΣҶĥһ
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˴ӵϣ֮ϣռ䣬ҵı֮г̶ĺХ
ϣ
Ҷһ˶սˣ˿·磬΢ԽԽԲȻֻһ΢Ҷȴʩչ쾡¡
ѣ޹⣬ҶУʮʹ죬û˺Ĵսһˡ
ɽԶͷܶȻд˵ĳӿ룬һҫ˾ͽˡ
˫壬ʣµϴŴǰղյǧﴫ׷ǰ֧Ԯ
ҶԪؾһӦһԶӰ۵ס
ýˣ
Ҷһ䣬һƳˣȻаڶʽҶǰһǿ˰ʽʶͳܲסֱ˳
ڶʽһҫҫĳϷ׷¶֮ɫ
ҳɣ׷óǿ似ֵסҶĹΪ˿Ҫˡ

ͻȻһ仯Ҷ㽫һöͷ˳ȥ
ã
ҫӦʱ弱ٺˣϵ󣬽ϵˣֱ֪ܡ

ϿûôõֱӱɨУ֮ϵȥΪһѪˮ
޳ܣ
ҶŭһгһУҫնȥ
ղŵľٶ˿ҫΪԼ˼峤ϣֱ޲硣
ǻԥʲôɱҫӴԺҫҲûǣ
Ҷһȣ濴ֵ˶ˡ
˿ʼԣҫˣҫǽգЩɢҲÿҫ棬ȡԴɷ䡣
ƴˣɱҫϹ
һȽϴֿĺӴһֱֳȻҫ˻δϵҫɱҫ彫Ϊ塣
ҫ֮ǿΪҫڣʣϣŲҫ塣
˴ͷ֮󣬲˶׷׳֣㲫һܱһҫӰǿ
ʱ䣡
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䣡
̶һУҫˣЩһˡ
ҶҲû뵽ֻһ˵ٲ֣ҶҲֻ·ˣҫϾ͵
ǳ֣Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ƴһɨ˽˾ͽϣǣܰʩչʹ֮˲˵ء
ΪɽܷУʹ֮޷ʹãԷˣǰУС״С
ܰڻʧ
Ҷߺ󲻾ãҫѪϱ鶼Ťˡ
ǲú
ҫУԼĶӱɢ޲ɱԼҲǿ֮ĩһıʹ֮ɫ
˾ͽͱɱϵĴָ˴׷ĶЩѹ˶٣û˾ͽָĿⶢסҫ
Ǳ˵һţҫһ̾ҫķʽ
ЩɢҲˣϧһдۣ϶̶ʱ䣬ҫЩֱ˺ѡ
ۣʧ֪˭ˡ
ָߣɢһɢҲʮʱ䣬ҫ˸ϵˡ
˾ͽҲ׷׸ϵűʬ壬б⣬¶ɱ⡣

Ųȱȫļȫڵأʼ
Ҽ󣬷Բĸ仯˾ͽҫųٸԤκ飬Ҳʮֵ͵
Ҳⲻ˥ܣ֮峹ױ̲µռһѭʼˡ
ЩҶ㲢ˣ˿֮ܰң˲
Ҷ磬㡭
Ҷ׵˫ᣬܰһ֮ɫҶ࣬ôӵг
ȿȡ
˵
ħʱҶħӶγ˶ħֻ֮Ǻһʹ֮
ûǰľ˵һ飬ܰ겻ѣû뵽ҶľȻ˷ḻ
ʹ֮ص֮УٶȷŻ·
ҶҲ뱻˵ɹһ೤һȥ϶Сĺ䶯
·ɶˣ˱߱棬һʱһζ˾̫Ҳֻһʱˡ
ڼҶܰһϢĸɫԽԽã⼸ȫָ
Ҷ磬˵ҾȥŶǲЩͻˣǲӦ׼һЩʲôܲùÿȥɣ
Ҫ̫ڣܰǰȻЩ£ϾСûйˣҲ֪ʲôζ
ûйϵŶǸµĺӣ
ҶܰԴŰο˵
֮Уһ֮˳̫ΧһҶûóȻȥǴϢһ£ϴնԼһͨѶҶȽնνг
ҵһʯҶóͨѶ֮һϢ˳ȥ
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Ҷ㣬ںɽʱȥ㣡
ܼ٣ƺն⵽ʲôΣ
Ҷüͷһ壬ܼ٣նοҲڲִ֮·źš
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Ҷû΢壬ܰʵ
û£ôţȥ˺ɽϾͻ
̫ɽţӦû£Ҷ㰲֮ʧԭأɽȥնηʲôΪԼֲ
Ҷնо֪֮ҶˣڱչأղҶϢȻһɽӭӡ
Ҷ鲻ѰԴȥɽһ̽
Сӣ˵һ飬ǼŮҿˣٸҵңСҷΪ
̫ںɽ̤ʱһƬ֮УΧסһˣһһȣΧס
ԽҴʦõ⣬Ҹ㣬һڵģ
նһŭ⣬γ£δ̤ţͱԽ˱Ƶ˴˴
˵һǰԽΪˣչǿĹƣκǣһΣԽƣƭԼɽ壬Ҫʱ򣬱նƻ
ԺԽͺնΣ߾̫նűѵ
ȻΪʥӣ߸ϣ̫ʥҲŵȣԽڸߵȣسڣиߵȣնΣؾ̫ࡣ
̫ŴȵʱˣʶĿȻʥӵע⣬ڴȽ֮󣬴ʥչ˹ơ
ܶ㬶飬֮󣬲پǣԽȴƤÿ춼ȥɧżŮʹñֶΡ
Ȼٻ˼Խ˿ãϾԽҲûʲôֵ飬ŮӺϣٻܲܰɱ˰ɡ
һʱ䣬üζնδϣֻҪնյԽǰɽʱնξͻ
Խ֪նγȥ£͸úõĽѵµļһ


890 ĥ
ԽֻҪǰɽ壬նο϶֣һֹԽȥ
Ϊ飬նοûٰᣬΣգҲ˲ٰ
һγȥҪһЩҩϵƣȴԽסԼ
ңΪҪŴƻҵĺ£˵Ҿͷ㣡
ԽʮְԵЩ̫ڣҲ٣ֻ粻֪ˡ
޷֣Ǻɽ̣ɱնΣû֪
ԽȰ㻹ǺΪ֮ЩﲻʶȤֻüƾǼҲȾָʦüˡ
նνǵѪһݵ˵
ܺãҵҪЩҵﲻ𣬼ȻҾͳȫ㡣
ԽҲնμŭˣ׼Ҫɱ֡
ɢŨɱ⣬նʮƽӱץһ̣ն֪Լǵ
Ҷ㣬ԲˣҲڰչˣ
նβȻһЦгһȻҪսҲҪһ汳ġ
Խأ˲۷壬նλлƴһ
㲻öԲңĺܺã
նλһ䣬һѪµӻ֣˽
նαһƴһһû뵽ʱ˽̸֮
Ҷ֣
ն۾ЩţҶô
ίˣ
ղҶһ룬Ȼûȫǻµ߰˰ˣ֮Ŵ򿪣Ҷƺһ
һ仰Ҷ㶼ƶϺܶණ˵·ˣҶֻ˳Ӧ
˭̫ںɽô
Ҷö֮߹վնߵһӷһУʮּ
˭ҪǾȻŮ˵⣬һҺ˵ɣҪô
Ҷ㵯˵ָŮۣ˭֮Ҷͻɱ֮
ԭǼڿ˵ǵˣԭ㣡
Խɫ˲ʱ׷߹ǶǵˣϣԽҪھǼ
˭֪ԽţΪҵĽڣǣǼûѡ
ȥ
Ҷ㶪һöҩӵնεҶܿкܶవǱ˳µġ
նûԥҩ̷ȥСһůܶవ˲ָ
һöӽƷҩҶͳȥˡ
ҶûʲôֵܻҪ
Ҷ־ǼƷƷҩԽ۽ǳ˳飬ֵҩȻҲУһкüöҶˣԽ
ԼˣԽɫԽԽѿĿ£ղʻҶ㾹Ȼû
Сӣʦʻأ͸Ͻģ
˰ͲסˣҶȵ
ڸ˵𣿡
Ҷһɨӣ˵ӾȻһˣܲסҶ洫ɱ֮
ղǾ񹥻ҶһʹþȻЧ
ɨ֮ҲҶ㣬һ˿£˫ȻڴΡ
ղҶ֮УʬɽѪӵĻ꺣棬һʧ
վڲԶԽһղҶľ񲨶ȻҲӦˣֻǲףҶԪôǿ
Сӣ㵽Ǻˣѵ֪̫ڵĵ𣡡
ԽĿȻǸղǸԵӣΪ͸Ҷʵ硣
˭ҪҪǲŮ˵⣬Ҫֻɱҵֵܣ˵Ǹô㣡
ҶζЦݣǿһԽ
ҶôֱĶţԽȻֱҰ޶ϵĸоҶȻһǿѹ
̫ڵ飬ǿиԤݹǲˣ
Խüͷһ壬̫ڶʥӣôᱻҶһ仰͸ŻȥһһǿƳҶѹȻ̽Ҷ㡣
Ȱ㻹ǲҪ̽ˣҪɱˣû˿ѣ
ղ̸֮ҶͶ˱ɱ֮ģԽ֣Ҷ㲻֣һƳԽ¡
飡
֮ײһ𣬽һ˻Ҷ˿ԽȻ˳ȥ
һٶնľѣվʥҲһ֮ɫԽأһоͱˣ˵Ǻˡ
ʱѿĵȻԽɫ粻мһ֣֪ûУһмʤԽоԼؿڻʹղһоԼһϡ
ʲôԣһ˵ɣ
Ҷ㵯˵ָǆ£ɱ¾֮ˣԣҶһоͿɱ
Ϊɱǣѵ̫ڵ׷ɱҸ㣬̫ڣֻҪһͻ֪
ԽƺЩԥˣղһԽеȻ޴档
Ҷüͷһ壬ֻ̫ʮ֮ңˣ̫ڿ϶ᷢ֡
Ҷ㵹νؼӰ켸Ů̫ڵصλ
Ҷ֣ǰɣɱǻǵ֣
ʱնվ˳ȻϣŪһķսҶҪɱҪֳܡ
⣬ӣϵ˶İɣ
ҶȻǿᣬȻɱǣҲҪ֪˲õ˺
ڤӡ
ҶֱʩչзӡѹԭأȻܶ
ɫ䣬ΪҶҪɱǣѹԭأҶһϲҰһƬ
Ҫɱң
˵һӣһ֮ɫ
ģҲɱ㣬ֻ㳢˴˵ζ
Ҷһģһ֮档

ʱ䣬ʹĲҽʼ鴤°ĭ
졭ɱҰɣ
ӿʼģҶɱ
ɱ̫ˣȳҵķֵֽ
Ҷ˵꣬ڶ˹ȥ
ҶϴŵЦ⣬˵Ƕħ΢Ц
㲻Ҫ
ڶ귢Ҷ㿿
ûԥһҽ֣ڶҲʼԽңȻ˵ϡ
ʱǺ裬ﻹ̫ڣһ˴ˣϵĳͷǡ
Խǰɣ㲻һֱҪ֪˭Ҹ㣬ҽҶ㣬ˣԺҪұһӭ֮
һ䣬һҽУڵϲϵİֱҲ̶á
Ҷ֣û°ɣ
ʹӣնЩģˣҪˣſ϶᳹顣
ŵʵڷԲɱˣ϶׾ٵĲ鵽նβҶ㡣
ˣֻѣԺ󻹸Ҳҷ
Ҷݺݵɨһۣ˻ʼһ궼ʼܴ
ʹһʱ䣬˿ʼϵĳ鴤һ
ˣ
ҶҲֳˣϵĽơ
һֱ̱ڵأһſ־֮ɫҶ㡣
ֻһѵǲ֪ڸģͲʹˣһ֪ʲô˼
Ҷ˵꣬ɫâ˻꺣֮С


891 
â˻꺣ʱ˵ֿʼ鴤ˣһûʲô˺ǻ꺣
һаħ˻꺣֮Уֳҹ棬һɷ̤ѪԪ󴴣ŵԪһš
ƾͷǲģȻɱǣҶҲҪһӳʹ࣬
ǰʬɽѪһֱŵˣ۴
ų򣡡
ҶһʬɽѪ߲Ĳ֪ƽʱôġ
ǴţǺپѪȵ飬ƽʱʱ򣬳ȥѪɱ¾
ҵ֪ǴŵĵӣһЩСͽᶼҲһ֮߰ģܴȫ
ھҶ㲻ɱǣҲͷˣһΪҲһ
߰ɣ
Ҷն뿪ɽɽȥ
λʦã˭ôһ
̫ɽ֮⣬һʮڵĳʯͷϵһŮʵ
ڵˣ
Ůʮֿǳ
֪ʦڵʲôˣ̫Ҳ˵ȫʶʶ߰˰ˣҿ԰ʦҵˡ
ʮͣ񲻶ϵŮϴƺŮò
ˣˣ
ܰ¶ϲɫҶѾˣ߻һˣһ
Ҷ磡
ܰҶߣͲסҶĸ첲
ϣǲǻĲͷˣȻҶֵܵŮҲҵϷ
նһȣղŸܰ˵Ľгϣ˵С󣬵ƫƫʮֺɫ
ƯŮ˾߲ˣҲ֪ôؾġ
նһŭȣϣӣ˵Сϲ꣬ϣʥ֮Уʮûеλ˶һѡ
ûûУֻʣҪһѣ
ϣԽԽСҺøղֻǵϷһ£Ҷ㿴񣬳ϣӣƾҶһ񣬳ϣ׹ѡ

նһȣϣŵøϽš
ղųϣһŮɫĴ𣬲ȥ̸ϧܰᡣ
Ҷ֣ǽȥɣ
նЩ˼ҶߵļŮ̫⵽ϷѾһˡ
ϴʱҶԼƽˣΪֹ˻Ǹһһ
⼸ԽϣȾָնʮ
ҶǽŮиʲô飬նҲûżҶˡ
նεĴ֮£˺̫ܿڣΪҶǵڶնѾʥӣλߣܿͰ
ߣҴȥǣ
ӼҶ֮նεܺãԼܳΪʥӣֻûҶ֮ǰͣٻҪһʱ䣬ͻơ
Ϊʥ·˺٣һʱ䣬նһɽ棬ŲǺܸߵɽ壬ȣɽֻµȡ
ҾͲȥˣʲô飬㻹ͨѶϵң
նξͲˣҶ͹֮ԼȻȥˡ
ɽ֮ϣԽ˼ѵһ֮ɫ
ʦ֣ô죬ѵô𣡡
վԭأȻû뿪һϴɱ˵
ˣ
ԽϳһɲײЦݡ
СӾȻ˶ǣһ
Խҧгݵ˵
ǡ
Խұߵ˵˽дƽʱʱ򣬶Խߣٻʥ֮УҲǵ׵Ĵڡ
ղűҶʹþ񹥻ڻһ£ԣ
Ϊ꺣֮еľ̫ˣղֶҶ֣ϳһ˿ԥ֮ɫ
ǲǴ򲻹ǣ⵽裡
ԽĿһ۴ܿǵ˼
˵˵ͷȥҶ鷳ûȤ
ȥ˭Ҳ׼˵а취Ը
Խ˷Ͼôĳ裬һȥ澡ʧرǻŵˡ
Ҷ㿴һɽ壬Ȼɽ壬ǴʮֲɽʯľȻ˾ĴԿһζ
ܰЩ겻ᣬϾҪԼֶŮʮЩš
ɣ
ҶܰԴ飬Ҫѹ
һɽ壬յ蹦򣬺ܿܿ嶥
嶥֮ϣֲ滨ݣмŮڰŴʥӵλѡһЩŵӣΪǷ
˭
ˣŮеĳͷҶʵ
ǵʦڲڣ
Ҷ㿪ڣڼ֮ϰ߽ɽ㿴ڼ֮УĹǵá
ʦ㼸ȥµˣһܻһ£
Ҷׯ׿ƽʱ̵ԴˣһҪŵӣʮֿ
ǵһᣡ
ҶܰҲżÿһɫ
ʱ϶֮涼ǹĺ磬ȴﻨ㣬žǲһܸı䷽Բļ紺
Сʱʱ䣬Ҷʶһɽ棬мӰ֣˵Цһߡ
ʦ㣬˵Խ᲻ˣ
÷һ֮ɫղŵЦܿ챻ϡ
Խüһ֪λش⼸£ԽǰɧţնŴǻпԽ֮֡
رһΣԽʥӽĽڣƭԼɽ壬ҪǿҺնյϢһʱϵƻԽĺ¡
ԺնֻҪԽɽϣնο϶ͻᵽ
˵ˣһʱ䲻ˣҶҲˣʱǸ룬˵ǳȥ
ԸˣʥˣΪɣʱȥ꣬Ҳȥ档
֮һֱǴӦҶ㣬Ҷһ֮Լʱһ뿪
Ҷ֣Ů϶¶һ˿˷֮ɫʮڴôһ졣
Ů̸Ҷһʶ͸ɽ壬һᣬһʱ䣬̫Ŀˡ
ʦ㣬һһһöƷʯϣʱ䣬ȡͻƵ۷壬ԽҲһս֮ˣ
Ŷ츳չֳ֮УȻŶʵߡ
ŶҲҪ̫ƴˣڳԲģ
Ŷ֮ʵڵһÿ첻ҪҲкܴĹϵ
ܰͻȻᣬؾʶǿڼ˳ɽµʱҲͷˣ˵̸һ
ϴҶ͸˵ŶΪѰԼĹùãƴΨһĶղἰ̲ܰסͲ
Ůɽ棬ǰ治ԶӰȻԭأ˴˶ŶԷʮʱ䡣
Ҷ磬ˣ
һ˵Ǻɫķ˿ӭƮտɫ˫۸䣬һȥ޷԰Ρ
ǽĿܰϣǸܵһɴ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷ˺ܿߵһҶҲһһһ£ŶǶܰ
ΪŶֵһ̣ܰ˫۾û뿪Ŷ


892 Բ
ܰ۽ǻˮŶֵһ̣ͽĶƺҪŶòԶ
ŶҲ֣ӵһۼܰһиУ֪ΪΣܰעӣŶûһ˿ŭ⣬໥
˷׷׶ע⵽ˣĿۼϡ
Ҷ磬㻹ûиǽһ£λ˭
ݺݵšһҶϵ⣬ϻǹŵЦݡ
Ҷ죬Ͳ۵ĽгŮ׷װһۣԣҲҶһ¡
ȿȡ
ҽһ£
Ҷɿ˼ܰŶ
λܰѩԭЫʥŮ
ҶȰܸܰ˴ҡ
϶λ㣡
֪ܰˣȻʮֹɵĳƺΪ㡣
ԭϹǼλҶ綼˵˰ɣ
Դ⣬Ҳ׷¶֮ɫǶͬҶһ߹ģǳ
ӼܰһǾ͸о˲һŮ˵ֱС
Ŷһѩԭٴ䵽ܰϣΪҲǱѩԭˣЫƺһЩӡ󣬼ǵСʱүү֡
Ҷ綼˵ˣ
ܰʮֹɣ֪ʱһҪװɵӣôҽܣȻԺ϶뵽ȦӵС
Ҷ㽫ǶܸܰŮٴΰҶһۣҶֻܿЦ
һˣ˵ز˵֮أǽȥ˵
оʮΣҶͻȻתƻ⣬Իֳա
ҶϣǼҲ˵ʲôһ֮У׷¡
Ҷһ֮ɫ֪϶ʲô飬ȻҶ㲻֣ء
Ҷ磬ʲô𣡡
Ҷһׯ֮ɫ÷̲סʵ
Ŷйأ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵд£Ǽ£Ҷ㻹δ
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к÷ԼСŶʲô顣
ǲ֪Ŷ֪Ŀ⿴Ҷ㡣
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Ҷ˵ͷ˼ԣҶҵˡ
ҵ
ŶץסҶ첲ϵҡΣҪ֪ˮˡ
Ŷżӣܰˮһٴλ
Ŷ
ܰĻһȻ󣬵һ
ŶתԴ֮ܰУƺԥã⣬Ҷ㣬ȴҶһĽ͡
ûĹùãĸͬĸ
Ҷ˵ͷֳһˡ
˶о˼飬ǰţŶΪѰԼˣԭУʼʱǶΪҶ㰲οŶҪģû뵽ԭġ
ʱҶôŶҶҲ֮٣ʱŶСָʧȥүүҶŶ벻ĵطŸһùá
𣿡
ŶҲǳܰʵ
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ڼŮİο֮£ܰŸŶ˷ֿܰǵҪŶһŶҲһܰ˽һ
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ҶͻȻһ˿ϲɫʲô·ˡ
ܰŶ˵ĻͻȻҶϣһҶ㿴˹
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ɣ
һڶˣһ޷εŮӻ֣ЫʵҶ̫ڵʱͻָĲˡ
ղҶ򿪾ħ淢֪һȻҲᡣ
ĸף
Լĸ׳֣ܰһ˵ЫĻ
ӣˣ
ЫȫһˣҲǰĸܰ㷢
ЩȻԣܰΪȫֻ֪޷˫۰ˣԿܰһ֮ɫǷ̫ܰˡ
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ЫɿܰŶ˹ȥ
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Ы̾ϢһɿŶϵıƺһص˶ʮǰ
үүѾˣ
үүŶһֿ
ʲô
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ջָҪϢ̫
ҶЫ˵Ҫ̫
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һֵҶȿڣҪǲŶ¡
Ŷ§ڻŮ׷οǶ֪Ŷ޸ĸүүʮʱҲȥЩ꼸ŮʮչŶ
Ǳ׷ɱܾˣЫɫĿ£Һó˹ҲˣһŶүү
ˣǿĵӣҶҪˣ
վôҲҪȥҪԶܸס
ŶƺŶүүЫŶܰ׷Լߣǰһ䣬ǵദһᡣ
Ҷ磬˵ǸܰʲôϵϽʵ
ߺŮһӶΧҶм䡣

Ҷһͷߣ֪ô͡
Ҿ֪ǲߣֿʼʵ黨ǲݣڰ˶ˡ
һ˫ֲСᶼѧżŮӣһַҶ㡣
ǵѣǵѣ
ҶֻܿЦӦԺ󲻸ˣŮ
ʵǶ֪ҶƷϲŮ϶٣ֵģΡ
ĸףôģЫѾˣ
Լĸףܰʵ
ȥ϶ԣһ̫įˣ
ЫѾ뿪ˣЫھͲˣо׽ˡ
ЫԼүүĸ飬ŶйٲǺܻ塣
ܰûֹҲ֮ˡ
ǸСӲ߲ڵģ
Ы˿ǧˣһۿҶ㣬֪ԷԼĶŮ󣬾ԲԿ
ԼĸҲϣԼҶһܰһӺ
ҡҲȥүү
ʱŶ˵Ҳүүˣȥ
ҲҵˣŶ˼ˣȥһүү
Ҳãһȥ
ЫŶԴʮϲСѾͷҲǰݼڵĵɡ


893 뿪
һ֮ЫԼŶ뿪صѩԭ
Ŷ뿪ȻЩԽܣҲȥҲ
Ǿͷһ·չŶˣ
ҶóһöҩŶϣ·ܽԼؾ
ҶŶûоܾ
磬һȥ֮ʱͲˣĸˣȥúʱҲѧԺͲõˣ
Ŷû˸ĸҶĸΪŮǳãüˣһֱҪȥ
ᵽԼĸףҶҲǱһᣬסˣһǰݣҪĿľѰԼĸס
ﻹһЩ㶼ҴȥҷֳݣһǸҶңһǸѧԺ
ЩҶ˲ԴһЩԼòĶ˳
ڴӸ𿭳ɼ似ҶҶһݣѧԺһݣҲǹƽˡ
ŮⲻһŶһһӦȵȥʱ򣬻ţϾЩ˳üˣ˿϶ʮֵġ
ŶãԼħϣܰҴȥ
СʮֺߵóһŲһħϣܴص塣
ŶصݣҸ׸磬ǲҪңһжã
÷Ҳҿˣôܲء
õ㣬곤Ĺϵ
ֻкԳĬԸ˵һ仰ΪԼҳߵģ׵ڶ֪ȥ
㣬һλȥһȥ˹߲˹ңһжãͷİɣ
ŶǣźС֣֪ĵʲô
һӿ޵ʮģʮֻõŮҲһ档
ȿ޹֮ٴλָЦݣҲ⿪˲١
ĸף
ĸϲһʱ䣬Ҫֿܰܡ
ԭܰĸһصѩԭǱĸֹˡ
ӣ㳤ˣܻҵӰ֮£ȥѰԼҪĶһڱѩԭ㡣
ܰ㷢˵
˵֮УЫŶ뿪̫ڣϵʱŶȥ˳ȥܻ
ŶԼһ£һһأػүүʱ䣬ʱˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ˣܰΪ˾ȻԼĸף֮ңǰѰҺǣТĴˡ
ԾһദܰĵһʧŶ뿪Ǹϧǰˣܿ켸Ů뵽һȥ
Ҳɣһ뿪а£ҾҪ֪ʲôʱܻˣ
Ҷ㲻̫ڣȽڼң̫̫ңԶˣһһ壬ռ¡
ԸҶһˣŮ˷ܵĽ׷ȥµ룬뿪ţȥȥˡ
Ҷ̫ڵڶʱ䣬Ůȫ׼ˣҶһҲնһ档
Ҷ֣Ĳٶ𣿡
ҶҪߣնҪһ
һҪȻһǺú𡣡
ҶҡҡͷʱȣҪڼңݲóְ
ȻˣҲǿԺлᣬۣ
նҲǽˣ˸Խľƺȵ
⼸ԽʲôӦ
ҶʵҪԼߺԽնΡ
֪ûп
˵Խնüͷһ壬⼸ҶˣնҲûôȥԽ
ȥ֮ȥԺŵλҲߣԽôˣ
Ҷóһҩն
һöŶһöóһöնΣʣöȰ硣
ⲻԣ̫ˣ
žӨ͸ҩնܾ
žţֵ֮ǰʲô
ҶնţʵŵλҲԽߣҶҲŸˡ
Ҷִŵӣն֪ҶΪԼã⵽Խһ̷öҩͿͻƵؾԽɱܡ
뿪̫ڣŮĽһʱ䣬ﻵˡ
ϸҶһʮ泩ܰҲ뵽һ
̫ھǲǺԶҲ·̣ҶŻ˽Ųһʱ䣬ҶǷǼ̫ˣʱǡ
ҩĸһ˷һ룬԰磡
ϣҶҵһ޴ɽ֮óҩ硣
ŮϰˣҲԥ׷̷ҩʼչشȡͻƾ硣
֪ܰؾҲѹԺҩ
϶ǻҳȥһˣ
Ҷûɽǳȥˡ
Ҷ磬Ҫȥ
ܰЩģҶΪͻȻ뿪
һЩˣ
Ҷ˵꣬ʧԭأȻԭ·ء
Խʦ֣˵ɱ𣿡
һϣվӰԽдҶ뿪ʱ򣬾һֱ
İɣԼ˵ʦ֣Ͼ͵ҪС
Խҧгݣһʱ䣬Ҷ󣬵ȵϣ㶯֡
ʵʱҶ֪ˣֻûв𴩶ѣȻԷڤ粻飬ҶҲڿˡ
ʦô
죬˿Ǵ˲Դ˵ʦֳ
ں˵ʲô
ڴһ䣬һɫӰǰ
ʦ֣ˣ
ˣԽ¶֮ɫ
˵ͷһ⡣
Ҫѵ
ƺԸⵢ̫ʱ䣬Խʵ
ǰ治Զɽ棡
ԽС⾪Ҷ㡣
ˣʱ䲻࣬ѵ֮֮һʹ
ɲԸ˵ɽȥ
»ǲҪ˻ˮĺã
ɸ̤ûмһӰһ˳һЦ⣬ղ˾Ȼ˭Ҳûз֡
˭
һӾ
Խǻ͵͵ĸһ죬ңΪɶŵò¶档
Ҷ㳯һïܵԺȵ
Խ˲ˤ֮£ֻó֡
ʦ֣Ҫɱ˾СĿˣ̫ڣ뵥ʦֳ֣ɱ֪ߵغļһ
Խŭ
üͷ΢壬ԽֻֽѵһˣɲſϴӦû˵ɱˡ
ǣ㣬굥űԽһΣգԽ˵һԵһֱǷһ顣
⼸굥ΪͻͽܿͳԽԽﵽڡ
һԽ飬ϣֽܳѵҶ㡣
Խ֪ɵΪˣɱˣ϶ܴӦΪ˹ֱԸ߰׳ɱˣǶԷħͷ
ȻҶ㲻ϵҪɱ˵üͷһ
֥ùӵ飬Ҷ㲢ǿûɱҶܸоɲɱˣǱԽƭġ
Խ֮ʲôԹԣǸˣ
ɵȻܺˣȻӦˣҪ飬ȻԽƭԼĳɷ֣Ҳˡ
Ϊʲô
Ҷ㷴һֵı飬õԼԽ


894 
ɾΣԽ˹ȥ
ȻԽűȵҪ磬½ǿΪ𣬴ΪʦԸ¸ߣƭղŴҶ֮УԽƭɡ
ϵƽʱ߰ʵǿԽҲޱȼɵɿԽпһ¡
˵ô£
ɵǳ䣬̫Ŵɣǰиƣƻŵ
ʼʱԽƭɣ˵һ׼̫֮ڣɲŴӦԽֽѵҲǻһ顣
ڿˣ滹кܶԼΪ֪Ķ
ʦ֣Ҫ˵˵СĿˣûн̫ڷ뵥ʦֳֳͶ񣡡
װʮ޹ӣɳ֣˸ҶĶ֡
ȻԸֱٻƫ̻ԼߣϾҶһˣȻԼβԣǰҲ¶
̫ڵ̣ǵ˭Ϊҹڴˣ
ѡţҶʵ
˭ҪҪĴǼͷ
Ҷﰵ䱸ǻǴһ˿ζЦݣϾԷڣǴŵӣ̻񣬿ɲһСܱ⡣
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ҶһνӣЩԽ˵Ҷ̫ͼ
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ҶҲÆ£һ޵ĽɢŵĵӣڣҶսһ㱻
νǿսԼսϵսޣпͻƵ
һسڣҶΣգȻϵսҶΪҲûаô۾磬޷鵽սĿС
ãȻˣҾһ̨ĸУ
Ҳս⣬Ҷǹɺ纣ս⣬˲һɽⱬ
̫ڻһνнӣ˷ʳĵز϶Խ츳ܸߣŶ̶̼꣬ΪʥӵеһԱ
ܵĽ⣬Ҷϵɱ¾֮ʼƺƵˡ
Ҷʵɱ¾֮˴ɱ¾֮ɱ¾֮ƺѵļ
һɱ¾֮ѣɱ¾֮Ʒʽٴߣпĵز
֮䲢ԹжʤΣ
˶ǽţҶƺϧζڽţǶһŹ°ġ
д⣡
ҲޱŨأҶ㽣һʱ͸оһǿѹжʤڽ˵Ѿ㹻
˵˲ֱ仯ʣվڲԶԽ˴һ䣬Ծĺһ
˽˪ʮ̫꣬ںҪСˣ
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ҲǹһԲڽһ;ߵĸԶ
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Ҷǽа𽣷ʲô£ʩչʲôĽԲ޹̶
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ǿĽһЩСŵ˲ӵһɶһЩǿޣ̽̽Դ˻ȥ
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ɵĽǽ֮ɫǴĺɾȻҲ˾ŷֽ⣬һֻҲ΢⡣
ȻǴŵӣͬ죡
໥עӣ˭Ҳûȳ֣Ҷ㶯õҲǾŷֽ⣬ʩչ΢⣬ԷĽ϶ᱻԼѹȥ
Ҷûôȥĥµá
ֻأ
ǰܣ
һǣͬʱ֣Ҷʩչ˼𽣷кһ˼ֻء
Ҷһľɳɳ죬ܲסҶĽҶ·һи֧顣
۵ɣϳһıųӣЩľȫסˣǿĺ
ȣкܴĲࡣ
һаħЯޱȵɱ¾֮ռ䣬ֻص־·ء
˿̣Ҷ죬ǵأĳȫ£ԡ޾ɱ¾֮Уһһ߹
ҶƥĽ⣬ϳһƬŨ֮ɫܵΣ
һ䣬˲ײһ
ϣ
һ֣˵ȻֿһĹγɢƺʵܿ죬ɲǼĹ򣬷Բǧףһա
ղܻһ޴ľ̶һʱ䣬ϴݲֻйͺͺĵزɡ
Ǵӱ˴˵֮УŨҵս⣬һ˫̽Ҳ˴һŵ˽⡣
Ҷ۽ɢ⣬ʷԼһһα赲Ȼҫ壬˾ͽ壬سϣҲ㲻Ҷһ
Լǵ͹˴ŵĵ̣̫ɲĺĵӣЩʥӺģǶôǿ
Ҷ㿪ʼ˷ȲĽڼңֻѹжҶܼʶĸ֡
ڻǣҶһӹΪҲ޷һˡ
ҲһȻһоֱ۷飬Ҳ״̼񾭣·һֻҪѵıӣһƴɢ
ֱۻаһʽ
Ҷʽһ̣һоԼĳһ˿֮⣬ǱҴɡ
Ȼеĺ˪ܵΣѾӵǣΣһǿж
û·еĺ˪ٴ趯Ʈѩ
漸ŮܰͻȻ߿֮У˶ëѩ
һ˿֮ɫҶ㵣ǣܿҶȥһˡ
ֲ뿪һ뿪ǰŮһ߻ħڵͻƹؼʱ̣ݲһ˿
аն
׷ն
һ;Ҳǹһ;Ҫһηģֱǰ
֪ǰһ·ҲҪһ·ǽģΨ֮ˣǽɡ
Ȼ˾뽣ģкԶһ·ǽ죬Ǳ˴˸ܵ˽ģһ֮Уġ
䣡
ձըһڵĶڣ⽣Ӱ˴ڱ˴˵ĽӰ֮УһҶ㣬һǵɡ
ֻܴǿĽ֮Уֱܷ˴˵Ӱ
˺ܿӵƯ֮ϣһıͻȻ
ҶȻ̽Ѫսۣ޷Զһ޵Ѫ֮ˡ
ұ֮ϣһϸ΢˿ڳˣȻСѪ˳ֱ֮ϡ
ʲô
ĺǰɼ𣬾ȻҶˣǸղűѹ׾Ҷղһڸ첲ʱӡ
ɺʪ͸ˣҶĽδ
ˡҲܷ棡
аɼȥ϶һ䶯Ͼʱڼҵӡ


895 ׹
Ҷ㵱ȻǽڼңΪ嶼Լɼ似Ȼ©Ҳûȥ졣
ڲͬҶ㲻ұ©̫磬ⱻ˶ϡ
ȻҶ㲻Ը˵ҲܼȥʣĶҶĳ֮ϣΪղŵһϢ
΢⣡
ȻҶصĺܺãǴһЩϣɻǲ׽һЩ˿
Ҷ㲻÷ûгϣҲûзϣڵ˵ҶĳĬõĻش
һǲңˣ֮飬Ҳڸ棡
Ĵº˪ƺήһ¡
Ҳ΢ⲻ·ϵһżѣҪΪһżסԼĽŲ
Ҷ統ͷһɴѡ
ղŸܵҶ㾳Լ΢⣬Ե˵һִпħ
лˣҲʹǷϵģӴ̼ҵģ
ɴŸм֮ɫһҶ㣬ܲҶղŰԼһѣղһԼͻħ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԵɣûе⣬ҲܵԽƻ󣬲ŴӦ֡
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ӵ֮ϣ𳤽Ҷ㱧һȭ˾Ȼʶ
ɵľٶԽϳ־֮ɫ
Ҷ㣡
ҶҲǱһȭ
Ҷ֣ղŶе£
ʮֳϿҵĳҶһղȷʵЩçײˡ
޷
Ҷ˰֣һգԼɢĽ⣬Բһս뷨Լγһա
Խҹ
ܿҶ㲢ʲô׼֮Էа֮ˣƾղһУҶͿɱԼ
Խ˲ҵϽ˹һͷɥżɵ֮ɫҶ㡣
ʦֶҶĶ֣һˡ
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һŭ⣬˲̧ͷԷһĵɣпԡ
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Խ˵ɽĿ⿴֪˵СԼĽѹȣһӹڵء
ǡǲԣǸ뵥ʦֿŵϣһΰɣ
ʼģһɲάǣԼ뿪˵С䵽Ҷ
֣˰ɣҲһᣡ
Ҷ˰֣ûȥҶֲܵŵɵɱǣҶ֮ܿԺȳԼġ
ҶֹȻ˴лл
Ҷ㲻׷ҲһԼŵ˽һ˴ãɻ
ллҶ֣
һȣԽ˸Ͻлϻ꺣аħ˼Ҷ˫ۡ
ллҶֲɱ֮
Խսս˵۷Ҷˣɶһ˿֮ġ
ϣǺΪ֮
ҶҲû˵ʲôҶѾһˣ꺣֮еаħʱ޿̲ڸǣڻʱһãͻħҶ㲻ɱǣò˶ãҲԼħ֮¡
Ҷ˵һ˳ˮ飬ϾһʥӲֵá
ɣ
Ҷһȣƨˡ
ٴκһ󣬵Ҳǣ֪ҶƼҵӣҲûһ˿֮ģϾƼҸ̫ڿͬȴڡ
Ҷ㰲Ȼܰһѡɤӵ¡
Ůһҹҩ֮׷˳ͻƵؾ
·̸⣬Ҷλˣڸɽ·һǣɷˡ
Ҷ磬ǸоҪǲ
źĶԽԽѾһԤ
Ҳоˣ
Ҷ˵ͷü֮У֮ƺһ£ǾʾҶ㣬Σտ
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ż˽ŵҶݸһЦǷ飬Ҳ·˴
Ҳ˵ʲôΪ֪Ҷ㲻ǵġ
ǰǣϢʱһصǣ
һ·̣ҶҲżˣϢʱһ
ҶûǲǺֻܴа֮ңݣĳǳأǷǳСˡ
УҶоâڱȵͷʱָоʧ
ɱ֣
ҶͻȻ뵽һʣɱֵϢԼһ˱ɱֶˡ
֯ɱ֣
ӼҰ䷢׷ɱûг֯ȻӼԸ֯ҲŹԼ
ʷ֯ʹδʧֹļ¼׷ɱҶ㣬ʧ֣˺üɱ֡
һҶŵвϢҲ۷ɱ֣ﵽء
Ҷûбֳѽ䱸
֯һֱһвҪ׽вΨһİ취ֻܼڼңʱԷ϶˼Լʮ֣ɵҶԼ
Ϣ֮󣬷׷ʰ·һ·̣мҪһƬΣյɽ
Ҷ²û֯ɱһ
ʱĻǣһɿ磬Ƽٴγ˾仯
ƼҴ⣬һɫӣϺޱ飬ֻɱ
ơף㻹
ײɱ֮ӣʱֶͬӳ֣ԼĸͼıЩڼѴ
ʱͻȻ֣ƼҲ˶ˡ
ΪϢȴĻˡ
ҹ
ǰ·֮ˣϵɱԽԽŨ
ѾƼ֮ˣ
ʮƼҵӽ⡣
㸸׹ˣͼ߸ƼңƶһȫǲͣҲϽɣ
һƼҵĺȵ
Լĸˣðһɳɱ
ǶҪ
гһıǰ벿Ƶǵ벿Ȼһڵ졣
ɷ˵ֱӳ֣һǿ˲ŷȻϢ
Ƕ䶯ˣ׹ȻﵽؾƼֿɿˡ
ʱ˵ĪӼң޲׽Ƽȫ
ʮƼҵɫһ䣬ʵߵĲؾ׵Ķ֣һʱ䣬ʮ˾ˡ
֪ͨ
˵ĵӷźţΪڴ⣬Ƽڲ
ʱ䣡
ƼҶˣƼҳϣ죬׷׳֡
׵һ̣¶һ˿֮ɫ
ףôĵӣȻһ
һȣϽΧ
ΪʲôܻƼҵӣûʸ𣡡
Цһ죬һɺⱬĿĲǽƼңиҪҪ
Ҳؾһ֣϶ܾˣһбŭѹȥ
ֹľղɢƣȻܵΣգ׾Ȼڰʱ䣬ĵز
㻹˵㸸׹ˣ߸Ƽң˵㻹к
˳ֵ׼һ׸ҳ֣ǻ᲻һҲҪػƼҡ
к֤֤Ҹ׹ˣҸҸףңƼұҪȻݹҴɱ䣡
ȻͣڵŭȻ졣


896 ɱ
һֳĬƶƶףƶııҵʱײֳ
ǿʶ
ͽã
Цһ㽫¡
˰֣԰꣬׼Ȼ϶޿֣ȻܴҡڵĽƼҡ
ףҲ֪ʱ㵽ȥˣͻȻ˼ӣҪһ˵ɣ
첻²ŭʵ
ұڻǰʱѷ죬Ҳӳ
ͱɣ˵бۡ
ڻкδ㣡
Ȼţ޿ɱ粵
ƼҵӣӦصƼңҪμڼҵĴȡ
׵Ŀĺܼ򵥣һλȻҪڼҡ
ûлƼҵһ˸޷ڼңڼңͨҲϵŵӡ
ױƼңûлڼҡ
Ҳͬأ
֪׵Ŀģûһ˿鲨ʵ
ͬģ
¶һ˿аЦ˾ȻĽˡ
㲻ͬ⣬ƼҴӴԺ󣬿¾ͻӻǳˣ
ԽԽϬѰѣ׵Ԫ񴿶ȾȻҪҪǿ
󵨣
ͬ⣬ҪƼң˵ϣЩӶŭˡ
кβң
ϵĹɢɫϢµӣ첻Ӧ׻ֱɱˡ
ãҿԴӦ㣬ҲҪ֤ڼʵʵ˺һӣҾͻڼҵȨ
һȻӦס

˳˹
Ҫ˵ˣ
˰֣ʾҲҪ˵ȥôȻĵ
˵Ŀ֮У״ҡڵĽƼңû˸
ΪΡ
Ʋ⣬Ҳ⣬ЩӸã
˵ز˵֮أȥ˵
ûнͣŴһصƼҡ
һ֮УԼĵļΧһһ¶ŭ֮ɫֻһ˼顣
һͣ
ִóϣƢ𱩣ʼ̲סʵ
ΪԸ׽Ƽң
Ī˵һ䡣
ѵҲȲѣ
˴󾪣Ʋסף׵׵õʲô
׾򵥣ķƴпܾˣϾҪڼҴȣаأǻƼңѾüûеӱڼѡˣһαҪȻڼһǻƼҡ
˵еĹǣȫĬˡ
ǡ
ûпǣˣֻһһа£ǾҪˣҶ׼׼
˰֣ʾǲҪ˵ȥ
Ҳ֪ҶʲôʱѾ¹ȥˣٲ¸ϲڼҴˡ
̾ϢһͻȻﶼһӰֻϣҶϽ

һ·֮ϣҶС·ɽʱ򣬸Ǿâڱĸоٴγ֡
֪һֱҺ棬ٲ֣ҾͲˣ
ҶͻȻס˽Ų˵
ŮһԳΪҲоһǱڵΣ
񣡡
һ֣ڵӰԶĲݴ֮վ
ɱ֣һɫؾǿҶ㡣
֯ɱ֣
Ҷ㻹ѯһ飬Ȼȷһ¡
֪ʣ
䣬ܿռ·Ҫ˲γһΧȦȫΧ
ҶռƣҶһҲ˲Ϊ֮Уڡ
Ȼǳڵֻһ֮ңһ֮ң֮
ǻ겻ɢ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫһʱ䣬Ŵ⵽֯׷ɱҶѾŭ
ɱƺҲǲҴ⣬ûż֣ӣԷأҶֻأ¹˭֣Ҫ˵ķӡ
϶סһڣСᣬԸһڣʣسڣʦ㣬һڽҡ
Ҷ˲´ܰǣһڣȫԣֻҪͿˡ
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׷ŭҶĳ֣н࣬ԭһȫԽ죬ΪҶ㣬ַ˷츲صı仯
ƾұǿ󣬱츳
̶仰ǰҶǿ󣬱츳
ҲţҾҪɱ㣬ʾԺƼң˭Ҹԣ㲻УҲУ˶ҪҵĽ£
׻ðһɺɫϢ״ʩչˣһξʩչ׽Ҷʱ䣬Ϊ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ǿ̣䱸еɱ¾֮ıƺҪͷųһǿɱ⡣
Сӣ似Ӳʮֻңȵʱ䣬Һúõָ㣬ʲôŽɱ¾似
ղһ֣Ҷ㲻ǽзԼаʩչһ飬Ľ׵ȻҲ֪һ
ʱȻ˵Ҷ似ӲҶԺοԼ似һǼƷĽ׾Ȼˡ
Ҳ𲻷Щ似ȻǿҪ־͹ķ򲻶ԣֻ׷仯ȴ似ĺ壬ν似ֻǰɱһֶζѣ似ǰ塣
ҶһΪȻı飬Ľٴ˵
֣Ҷüͷһ壬ѵǱصİνһְ壿
似һɱһҪɱУҪƵУνƵУ˽˵㣬䲻⣬ܸһ似һֹЧǰ壬Լľ񣬻з뵽֮Уɱɰ塣
Ľ׿Ҷ˼ƺ򣬽˵
񣬷ЩҶ㶼Уõ似֮УҶٵ⡣
̸ĹʩչǿһѪɫҶҲ֪ʲôǰĳһʮִ
ɱ
ֱָ񷣬Ҷָоȴݼţ޷׽
ԪתԪһעԪ֮γһµԪԪ볤֮УһХˡ
ôܣ
һעĽֵһ̣׶ˣҶ似ΪͻȻ˴ı仯
أӶ֮ҶڲԼİ塣
Զ𾪣ǴڼҴ˼꣬ܶ࣬ҶʩչһУҲһ
ɱ似Ȼ˾У
ͲҶ츳ƺԤ֪ƺʮ꣬츳˵ڼҲ
Ưڿеĺֱѣʧҽ֮ϣЩ׳棬ֱӱˣ޷Ҷ㡣
¡¡
ն£֮ϳ־ҵĺɫһеıɫĹâһ׶εݣεĽױ
ûõģɣ
ݺ£ն֮ϣѣ޹⣬ɽӶѣڵס˵ߡ
꣡
ʧնϣһƣٴѹ
𣡡
׷һŭݱ𿪣׵壬ֲɱֶ⳯
ģ
糱ˮɲĽŭХֱն׵֮ϡ
ǣ
Ĺͷһ类ѹΪ촷ۣѪģﻹһĲҽС
ģ
ըһ޴ѷ죬ʧݣ֮ϵҲþòϢ
һѣϮҶоͷؽᣬղŵеľ񣬻Լȫ뵽һ֮Уʧû
Ҫɱ㣡
׾ȻûȫҶն߰˰ˣܶط޷ϣŤһѪϳ֡
Ȼ
ҶҲˣղһУ߸غڣƶԵֵ
õĽָ㣬ҶƺһЩ壬ʩչһΪɱס
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ĽӣȻҲ˼ˣƺûм˴ײܲ
Ľף֪ѪѨ
Ҷ㳯ĽʵϾǻ˼õĹѪӦ˽⡣
Ҳʶ̫ħ壬һѨԴֻҪըǵԴֱնԪӦþɱ
ѪҲһֻƫ죬ǽѲ塣֪Դ
Ҷ㣬û°ɣ
˹ҶɫҰףղһУҶԪҪһʱָ
û£
ҶóԪԪʼָԪ
ϾǲμڼҴȵӣ֮ĶԹҿǷһţⵢڼҴȡ
󣬵ܴҶ׵Ķ
˳ĬˣױҪڼңֻнڼңܸĳɳ
ҶҲһΨнڼңҵԼĸףΪ׾սڼұԣòʧ
Ҷ֪ܲôǱҶ㣬ղԪݽߣһ׻սҶǳ
󣬵Ƚڼңһ
˵ȻӦ죬ٳ֡
ʱ㣡
ҶûǿҪ̫࣬ϵ̫áһлᣬҶ㻹ǻ᳹նɱס
Ҷ㣬ǻȥɣ
Ļ֮£Ҷص˻ƼңֱӱŵԼԺ֮С
֪ҶƼҸҶܵļ˷׷ǰ
Ҷ㣬û°ɣ
̻ͯӰ·׷ǰʺ
û£ǵˣ
Ҷ㽫Ů׷׽ܸʶǵӰ´ԣ˵첻Ҷһ˾Ȼλ˴ࡣ
찡ذΪӰ磬ûпҵŮˡ
Ӱһʮֱߵı飬ʱŮǶ
˵һ飬ŲԺҲˣ
һŮӰ׷ҵӣϴεƻ֮һҲϿӰ£˹ϵѷǳ׽
ᣬᣡ
ԼϲŮӣӰèһϽӣϵĽ͡
ֳһ


901 
ϵպܿԾӰƶС
ǿлĴ⣬Ҷվɫ˿ԼŮӣһֱû˵
ͨ͸ϵı飬ܿڻʱҶҲ͹ˡ
ڻʱҶҲǱΣ֪ϻж񼲣ŮǷͬġ
ðɣҶ羭ἰ㣡
÷ǣС֣ʮֿ
𡣡
֪Ҷ㾭Ȼʮָˡ
˺ܿͻûҶʲô飬ǴһƬ
ϣ壬һǻӭҶ㿭ڶҲףһһεڼҴҪʼˣ֮ǱĵӣҪȥʯǡ
ûвμӣȻԼԺָ
Ҷ㣬㾹ȻƻҵĸҪ˺壬꣡
һ޸Լ壬ﲻϵ
صԼԺӣżŮϢȥˣҶһ䣬Ƽңδ뿪Ҷ죬޸ԺͲᵢ
ǰҶ㻹ĲóȻ޸ĽףҶ̣Ľ׸Ҷһ򵥵޸֮
Ҷ磬ҵļκ𣿡
Щţʮڴ⣬Ѿʮˣʮʹࡣ
ܣ
Ҷһᶨ񣬲˵ʮɰգҲ̫ࡣ
һϱ˳ڻ֮ǰҶ׼ˡ
֮ˮľǮ֬ڶϱóҶƳһöǩֻҪﵽأͿԶ֫Լ޸ȱݡ
ǰأԼ޸ĵزֻ
һ֣ʼҶСһ˿һյʱ䣬һͷ˿ϸ˿ˡ
žϣ׷뵽ǩ֮УΪҶ̻˲ƣǩ⡣
ԼĪһʱȥˣһϸСĶǩγɣҶֻҪǩ൱УĻǰĶ񼲿
֮Уһ˻Դ϶ͻ⣬ֵ⣬Ļȣ޷ųٳٲ
ǸǸܲܽ·ȥ
ҶЩ˼࣬Ҫ׼ȷѰλãҪȥ·ҶԸõʶ뵽棬һֲʧ˲˵͵
ݲҶһ˿⡣
֮䣬й֮ףߺһƬǽ⿪Լ·Ө͸ļչ¶Ҷǰ
ˣ
ҶһҺȻϴй֮ףʱ֪Ҷ㲢δô͡
ʱͬѣڵƹĻζ֮£ļˮ⣬֬һ㣬˵ݣҶĳЩطʼ˷Ӧ
һеһǰ
Ҷ˷ӦĵԴϾȻһ˿Ҹ֮ɫҶûзӦԼû˵ĵطŮ˾ô֡
һ飬ȷĲλʶһ͸ȥ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ƺҪǰһЩ
⼸ǲǿˣ
Ҷʵǿ϶񻯡
µСԴ˵ͷ
׷ĽŲԡ
ҧ촽ᶼҪˣҶ㣬Բϵ⼸£˶ٿ࣬˶ᣬֻԼ
ɵŮˣ
Ҷ㽫ڻҶֲֻݣ̫ɵˡ
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ܸоʱ֮УԪһಿλͻ֮ʹ࣬˶ܲˣο廹ж񼲡
࣬Ĳ࣡
ҧأԼ޳ٶĿ࣬Ҳֵˡ
ˣԺҲܿˣ
ɿ۽ǵˮȥҶ֤
õҶı֤ЦˣЦʮֿģıסҶ㣬Ҷٴ뿪Լ
ԺǲҪֿ𣿡
һηֿʱ䣬֪Լôġ
ҴӦ㣬Ժ뿪ˣҪٿˣڿ޾ͳɴèˣ
Ҷ㰲ο
ͣ
Լ޵èΪЦᣬ񣬲ٿҶһۡ
ҶҲеľȫղȣҶȫһˣ˵ʷ˷츲صı仯
ʼʱ򣬿ЩۣҪһ£
Ҷһ䣬࣬϶ᴫҵʹ
˵ͷû˵ʾԼ׼
˫ӡǩƯ֮Уڴַǩһ㳯ǰ
ۿɼķʽأһʹϮҶĸܵһȻûк
ҶҲû뵽ԾȻǿ˾ҵʹֻüͷ΢΢һ塣
ͣ˫ٴӡڲǩʼںϡ
м䲿λţŲһԪ˴˴ǿжȹһܶȹԪͻʱʹ
ǩãǽԪ˳תͿ԰ĵ
λοһϸţëȥͷ֮ϣ亹ֱ˫ҧһֻ˫ףһ˿Ѫ
˫ȭգָǶУѪ˳ָδδʡ
ҶͷҲˮֻһţΣճ̶ȳҶһһǡ
棬ëϸѪգǩҳһƫ˳Ҷƶõ·ߣһ͸
ʱһȥҶʶĵķǳأҪǩأҪʱעɡ
Ϊʱ̶׽ǩսȥ֮£ҶԪסǩѪҺߣϾ̫Сˡ
һʱʱ䣬ǩŴҶҪԪƣһָͨԺͲֽˡ
ھͲһǩȥҪСģһǩûдϣĲλ˲
濴ȥ·һնмһΪΨһǷȱľһǵһ
Һϣ
Ҷ˫ٴӡǩȻƯٵĳǵ¡
䣡
ͻȻҵγɵһ̣ԪҲʼ
ԪǺˮһ㣬תʱҲûͣ٣ֱӳȥʮ˳
ʼʱҶ㻹ģ¶ǩܲסԪ˳ȥǩȻҶһ
䣡
ľ˲ͻƣȻﵽغ۷壬ûֹͣ˼
Щ̫ҩ֮УϣЩǱȫŷ
̣
ܿռٴһ𶯣ͻƵسڣ绹ûֹͣ˼ϵ
̶ʱ䣬Ȼڡ


902 
ǰ̵Ҫˣһ߳ʮµĸ߳ˬ
ĵȫҶһֱغ۷壬ֻһ֮ңʱ򣬲Żֹͣ
˫ۣɫѾˣ洫ȵ֪һжģȻϲ
Ҷ磬Ķĺˣ
ž˵ҶĻʼħĥʮ꣬ڿ԰ˣ黻κˣǳ
ϲˣ
Ҷ˹СӣĳλֿʼзӦˣ˿֪һҶ㣬Ҷǻ֮Уһ㱻
򦣬ҶֱȥĴԣĿԣ˺ܿൽһ
һûҶԽʱɫѾԺӴ˵Ͻ뿪Ҷ㻳㵽ȥˡ
ãͻƾˣѾ𣿡
ߺݣŮ׷Χ÷ʮֵʵΪǣɫߺ죬˼
Ҷƺˣ
ŤСִ˴½ǣԴһдϣŮܿҶϵͬһ㡣
һף֮Ҳص˼壬ʣ¼ȽƽĪ󣬻׷ǰһǸҶɣ໥дһ¡
̬ѾͻƵأĶ֡
˰֣ѾˣУͱҶһС
ʱ䣬ЩŵΪ˼ڼң׷ױչأһȫͻƵؾڿҶĲ಻ûСԽԽ
ҶҲ⣬һ໥̸˺ܾãϾҪۼĵطҹය׷׻ȥ໥֮ϣԺлٴμ档
һʱ䣬ҶҲҪһ似
Ľף
Ҷ㻽һһС˳ˣûҶķκ˲׼̤룬ŮУԣӦ˵Ů󲿷ʱ䶼Ƽҡ
Сӣˣ
ĽЩ⼸ҶҪżŮҪѣֱӸˣĽһ߰ı飬Ȼ˫ǩԼǲҶūĽס
˵ףҶûʵĽмҶΪ飬⼸ı֣Ľʮ⣬ҶǿĽԤڵĿꡣ
㶼˼ϹˣΪ𡣡
Ҷһۣû⣬Ľ׵춹ģҶϰˡ
˵ɣҳʲô飡
Ľ׻һӣȻҶܲ
ϴ˵似Ӳ⼸ҲһһҲϣָһ
ΪʦһֱҶŷĵЩҶ㶼ǿԼһģ֪һʦԼҪ߶·
޷Ǿǲ·ȱȻٺõ츳Ҳѷӳ
νƣԴûԴ츳ٺãҲԳΪǿߡ
ָľʦ»ʦѣʦָܱ·׳
ǹȱٺõĹõ似츳ٺãҲֻǶĩ
ڵýͣĳǿţǿļ壬ԻȡԴһЩţ壬϶ռΣŨ°빦
ҶֻռһأһĩƼңֻƶ֮أ̫ȣֱ֮
ʦˣЩҶǿԼԴǿԼӶᣬǲȱħű书㹻
ڲ似⣬ϵͳƺ֪
Ľ˼һ£Ҷ似϶ǳǿֻǲδӵ£Ҷ֪ʶʮǳ
Ŷʹͷ˵˵
ҶҲоԼ֪ʶȫãӸ𿭳õĴ鼮ҶûжʱĦֳɵĽףҶÿ̡
֪Ϊ𣿡
ĽҶһ⣬ɫʼ֣ϥҶ֮ϣϾҶغԺˣҶˣҲٴ̤硣
ࣿ
ҶûһֱΪǿ壬Ѱ֮
֪˵úߣôƶĵطܴﵽָ߶ȣǳѵˡ
ĽײûƲҶ˼壬ûкõԴõĵʦҶ㻹츳ʵĽ̾
壬
Ҷ˵࣬ڴ½ߡ
˵ûֻһ֣ʵߣǧ׷Դֻһ࣬׷ļ¡
Ľ׵˵ͷҶĻشʮ⣬һ࣬ҪԼʵΪʵûԸȥ
Ĵֻһ壬һνǴ壬֤괢֮Уʿǳ£Ȼɽ绹磬ûԸʿ֮ͬУʿ걬ʿ
Ľ׻˵ȻҪҶ㣬Ͳء
⣬ܶ׷սʱռǿƣעž粻ҲӦǿȻǲ

ҶҲ㲻Լƫһ֣ͬȣǳǿˣܲҶ㻹Ǻ
߼ãƺĹ⣬ȴ磬׹綼ٳûôõġ
Ľʮ֣ҶʮǿƺҪػҪǿֻһֿܣҶĳ幦
Ҳ˵غ̫ܡ
Ҷʮ̹ףȻ˵ͲܱһЩȥƭĽףֱӸԼܡ
ҵĸ㣬ĹҲһ׶ˣظӦоľ󡣡
Ľû⣬磬˭ϻûһЩܡ
Ҷһָоȷˣֲ飬ǰûָоħһƺˡ
ô֪
ҶһòϣĽ˵ܡ
ܼ򵥣׹ȱݣ׷壬ƺҪ壬Ϊʲô׼һһɣƺͻƿء
ĽҲǺֻǸо׹ƺҶǴҪģѹÿһͻƣҶ߳һȡ
Ҷ˲׷ݵħȣѵһܣԼҲˡ
ҡҡͷҶЩţص߻ƭԼ
Ҹθı䣡
ƭûƭľʵģҶҪ
취ܼ򵥣׹ֻ壬Ҫһߺһһ壬һศɡ
Ľ׸Ҷָһ·ϣҶϽһܵԼƣ֪ᷢʲô顣
֪ΪʲôҶѡĽףʱ䣬һ׺һԣܻܲľС
Ҳø㣬һ˵ԺиӼѣҪ壬ҪҪǰһʱ䡣
Ľ״Ŵ
һѡ𡣡
ҶЦһ
Ҳûģ֮ͬУѾ޵ˣȻ߳һ磬Ҳȫɱ
ĽʮڴҶ߼޵һ졣


903 
½ǳձ飬߼ߣȴ֮١
ʱȣҪץһƣʱ򣬵ʱı䶼ˡ
Ľ׻ǴŴ˺ڣһԼƣҶֻǱһܣҪȶˡ
ôأ
ҶҲʶԣĽ׵ı飬ƺѡ
ΪҴ֮Уܵһħԣûв´׹ħãֻܵ񣬵ѵһ̣ħ
Ľ׼̫࣬һ۾ͿҶڲȻʧȻڡ
һҶ㲻òˣԼħű书ԭħԣԼδ֪ĽףȷһЩˡ
İɣһץʱģ
һҶ㲻˵ղһҶǷԷθҪѰһˡ
ξ似ǳǿֻ̫׷似ʽ似ı⡣
ˣĽ׽˵Ҷ似⡣
Ҹô죿
ҶͷˣԭԼǰģĽֱǲֵһᡣ
ʵҲĽףϾǴʶ㣬Ҷ㶫ûпĿҶ㡣
Щ˵Ҳ˽⣬Ǹ磬Ȼ֪
ĽҲ֪Լ˵̫ĶҶ϶޷⣬Ҷô͵ľ磬ɶ㲻ϡ
ɣҴŸ˵һ似ĺ塣
Ľ׻Ǵ㣬ҶԺԼȥ׽
ֹ徳磬磬似Ҳо磬ֻ似ȼʵ似ľ绮֡
似Ϊ죬ƷƷɼȵȣЩǾ硣
˵ҶȽϺýܣ似ȷҲеȼ
һֻ֣ĩҲεĵز
Ľװ似ΪķݣҶʱĩ
أ
ѾĽ״ˣҶҲܴ
⣬񣬵
Σ⣬
յ似⾳ǵڶƿ֮ǵκ似Լİ壬Ҳǵ塣
ĽײϵĽ͡
ΪֹϰһˣҲô˵һˣҲô
ĽҲʱ˵滰ҶϰĶ࣬ȻԼԼĽҲҶ㣬νľϢ˼
Ϊ壿
Ҷ㻹ƶǶ
ǵϴҸ˵似ǴӰ֮ɱģǽзӡЩǰ壬һӵְ壬ţϾȻӵʮְ壬ҵ󡣡
ȻЩŸոγɣ㲻ϰ壬Ͼ㽫ܲܽʮְȫ⣬Ҳһδ֪
Ľײò̾ҶһϣȻӵ˽ľˮڰ֮Ԫء
ҶӣԼŸ֮ìʮ壬ԼһǸͨһˡ
˵ЩЩԶˣֻǸ㣬Խ࣬ΪǿߵǱҲԽǿߣӵǧְ߰壬ÿһֶǴɣժǳָı͵ء
ĽһδŴҶ԰Ϊƿʮְжô˲
⡭ôܣ
ҶȷʵˣԼ֮Ѱǧɽˮҵأǧ֣߰ôġ
ûʲôܣҼǵϵĻƿǧҲǴӴ֮ɱģа壬дܵһ˵ɡ
ĽײԸ˵ȥˣ˵ȥǵøСӴɣӰҶԺԡ
Ľ׵͹ҶԣЩû٣ֱߵ١
İɣһ죬һɱ磬ǧΣȻ죬ҲҪҲڽ£
һɺȻҶ㲻ûб壬Ӻɡ
ãڼ䣬һȫ㣬ҲҪ֤ҵԴǳɳ׶ΣԽǿõĺôȻҲԽࡣ
ҶϵƣĽ׵ĺҲˣѹ㼸꣬һ죬Ľ׻ַ
ٴ̸˺ܶ࣬Ҷܶ似ĵطĽףĽҲ֪޲ԡ
似ֻǸʮ֣Լ򡣡
Ҷ㽲˺ܶ࣬ĽֻҶʮ֡
нн
ʮ֣һѴ󴸣ݺݵҶԴඥĸо
ҳɣҶԺ֮УĽ׻Ϊһɱ¾֮Ҷ˫ۣϸϸղǾ仰
һΪأһأн޽ڶнн޽нأ޽޽
Ľ׵ҶĻ꺣֮
Ҷڴڵڶ׶Σнн޽н
ģҶɢһƣ·еĳʧˣȡ֮һĨǿĽ⡣
ннָɻΪɱɱңɨ죡
һ֮ҶɢŮ׷𾪣ΪǸоƣһǿѹѹסˡ
˿̣ƼҶˣһƥĽŰƼϿղϵ·Ҫ˺Ѳ񷡣
ܿ죬ƼҶ׷ͶĿ⣬Ƽַʲôˡ
ǿ⣡
ڸһЩ飬ͻȻɽ׷׳ҶԺӿ˹ȥ
Сӣʲô
ƿЦһҪʼҶˡ
Ժ䡣
һ˸׳ҶԺӿ˹ȥĿ£ƺʮּɵ
⻹Ҷ㾹Ȼ΢Сɡ
΢ΪСɣɣԲ׶Σ˽΢Բ׶Ρ
⻹似ҶԺʣ󶨸Űν档
ʶνУҶƸǿңܵĽȻܲסѹȣ׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
ʱҶ㾹Ȼаڶʽ⽣⻹׳ԪҶԪӵһ޼᲻֮
Ҷгûжʵ֪仯˶ٴΣκα仯ֻһĿģɱ֡
֮Ҳǿ̩֮뵽а֮УǸơ
ҶڲϵҲڲϱ仯ƺлг˿̣ҶС
ҶѾǿһͿȻûǴҸоӸӿˣĽƺ޼᲻ݣ룬ȻܶĺǣҲ޷һ
ָ񷣬һɳ콣֮ҶʧˣƼңʩչ»ὫƼһһա
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Ҷһŭȣɱ¾ֱ֮ն£һɽֱӴΪأһǵ֣ɽһΪм䲿λһϿȡ
һ󱻺Ϊ棬һЩޣϲ򽣷ЩǺ󻰡
һӳҶеľȫͷ˳ȥоȫõ˽ϴǰ׵ĵطȻʡ
޿ƥУݺһ޵С
Ҷ˽衣


904 ǰϦ
Ҷкɣûʹеɱ¾֮Ҳ˷ܵ˻ƺĽҲϣղһǳ֮
ãѾһЩ似İ壬ʱգսٴһ
Ľ׳ˣ͵
ףһͿ塣
Ҷʮţڸ׽֣ÿһɵ˺塣
ײҶֻ̾Ϣһ
ҪɱףҪҵԴںδȻʵǳݻԽͷ­ط
ٴθһҶصƼңһ죬ʰҶҲ׼Ҫˣǰʯǡ
֮ǰƸ˵˺ܶڼҴȵĹ
ڼң鲼ݣÿȣ򻮷֣ƼұֵʯǣʱжʮƼһǰʮ壬ֻʮʮּңƽÿ岻ˡ
ҳ̶ȣ֪ƼѾûеӱѡУڼһôעˣڳԺֻ
ʯǾǣ·̣Ҳѡһмشʮһѡģʯǣƽʱʱûˣÿֵʱ򣬵ȻҾۼӡ
еӣŮȻ˾ǴصݿϴŶ뿪ǴͦرǺȥס
ǵҪҶûоܾԼҪڼңûжʱǣصݣҲһѡ
Ҷȥ̫ڣȫܾ̫ǲȥˣˣҪȥ
ǲμҿȥˣǰϦҶ㽫մڵȻҲþˡ
ûмŮҶԸõԼ飬ҵ֮ҶҲ׼һˣܵĸĸһ
ŮȻᣬҶԺ·֮ܳߵһҶĪĹϵԶҶ㡣
Ҷ֪ܲ룬ԾøǿǷ̫࣬һݣȫΪҶ㣬ԼȻ̫ڣ˶ٿ࣬˶Ҷʮ
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һƼһʮӲμڼҴȣֱҶ㣬ף̣ˮڣƽƣҲһյӣҶһԼЦ꣬ƺףΪִõӣ̲ͬһ㡣
ŮЩƼĿǰǿĵӣ÷ϣʮ꣬ͲܲμӼ忼ˡ
׼׵һжʮһǰ
ͷƣȺ棬һЩִ£·ϵʳ
һ·ƽûʲôһʱ䣬ܽʯǣڼҵĲԣϸߣлڼҡ
ǰСǣϢһ£ڸ·
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·ҶȽƣϢʮ˿ʼ˷ܵĺ
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ƸҶ㴫ҪСĴˡ
ƼҾ귢չ˴֮Ѫϡ֮ԻϵֻǶƶѡ
ɳֵһ̣Ҷ͸ܵһɵ⣬رʮƼҵӣһϢǿ󣬴ŲĿ⿴ߡ
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ƼңƼǺԶЩ갵Ҳ˭ϣԼи˽ڼҡ
ˣƻ˻֣ôҲ߽ջ֮С
Ƕˣʲô飬Ҫ£ԼְͿˡ
ָԺӣƴһʮ˶һЩǵĿǽڼң飬Ҫ档
˵˵ͷȻ֪Ƴϵһ⣬׶ı飬ֻһ·ϣ׻ǳ٣ڼ壬ûԸ
Ƴ뿪ʣʮ˶
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ʱ򻺻˵ѪǿΪɱԣ⣬ĸ֣ǲмЩġ
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үҰɣҪβ
Ҷ˸뿪ջһ۵
ĵҶƺײüͷһ壬Ҳʮ꣬ȻҲ۸
ղײˣ˵ôɣ
ڴʱΧ۲ˣװӣסһʮŮ뿪
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Ůʮֺ¡
һԲ𣬰е齻ҿԿǷŹһΡ
꿴СŮе飬ĲһʲôֵǮĶһͨĲϡ
УöǸβõġ
ŮĽ鱧ڻ֡
Ȼˣݹǲˣ
Ҫ֣Щֵ˷׷ҡͷͬ飬˭Щǵﲻء
˵꣬־ҪСŮȥµ֡
ס֣
һȳˣ֣ƺʵ̲סˣֹס
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꿴ˣСŮ˳ȥϷŰı鿴ƺף۽ǻƳһҶ㡣
ϣʮСŮŹΪƼҵӣΪ顣
ƺҲʶˣƼҵӣȥʱҲϧ̭ˡ


905 ͬھ
ƺִ֮ܽãǼԸֱ̫ƼңҶߵıȽϽģ̾ƺˣЦ֮ӣҶֻ֮Ե̸Ľ顣
ҪҶѵʱƺվ˳ԼҶ㶮֪ͼƼңܽĵֻˡ
۸һʮСŮƺ̲סˣֱվֹԷ۸СΪ
ﵱǻƼˣڻǣִõӣһͨҵӶѣӵ飬Ҳҹܣǲȥ㻹
ϴżЦĿƺȥ˽֣ƺ׻˿
ϵĻվļһЦ
ҿǼǵúȥĳ˵Ҫͷʦ֣ʦһ߷ˡ
һ֣˽ƻʵȻﵽسڵز
ƺɫ࣬ȥĳ裬ֻͷ֮ϣ©˫ȭһƺҪֵ̬ơ
˰ɣʦ֣˲һʶ
Ҷƺƺ׵ļƽϢеŭ
Ӵ֮ţҶ㶴һУܿһ壬ڿƺȥ
УҷҪѵϲɡ
ƺԸƸΪִõҲкܴĹϵ˿澡ʧһӣºܲ
Ҷ̾Ϣһܿƺ˼ҵȦףΪѣҶֻȰο
ôֵĻڴһ͵ǰˡ
ϳٴγ֡
Ҷüͷ΢壬Χ۵ԽԽ࣬Խƺ׸²̨һˡ
ʹ˭㲻ɣ
ƺ׺ԥĴӦˣûκοǣҶҪֹˡ
ʹ죬ȻˣǾｻΣôҶڣһ֤
ϺɨһۣȺ֮УһЩƼӵܣֻûгֶѣƲ˻ˮ
ƺѾӦҶҲֹֻǼ򵥵Ľ䣬Ǽþգ鲻ѰƼңȻб
Щңڿûпʼʱ򣬾໥ڿ֮ǰܷϵּĵӣǼиĻᣬĹء
ҺԾΧһȦӣмڳһ޴ĵط㹻˽ˡ
ջһ¥̨֮ϣվ棬ŴϣüͷҲ΢塣
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ãֹȻҲ֣ҽǻƼȫǡ
˰֣ʾⲻҪԤԤὫִ
ʵд裬ڼҲڿ֮ǰһЩײ̭˷ʱ䣬ȻڼҶ档
ڼ˵ܽڼҵӣǷԲΪȥЩʲô
Ҳ˵ʲôֻϣǲҪ̫ңϾȥĿ
ƺгһɢɫâҲǻԪأĽ׵Ľͣƺǻ֮壬п֮
гֵһ䵶ƼҵԽƣ֮Ҫ٣ʹõģǵǿߣȻǧ
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Ҷ㲢δ֧ŷ֣ЩԼϣѪսۻ⣬޷˺
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ϵĵʮֹ죬ȫ·ƣҶ㶼Щʲô˹죬ȻƼǧ
ʼʱ˻ƾУƺ׵ĽԷΪ𲽽׶ΣĶ似˴˶Ƚ˽⡣
ϵĵȻƺײǺϤ׳Կ˽ÿһʽ仯ȴ͸ֵʽͻᴦڱ
Ҳѹ֣Ϊ˵ΪڵǧսԸˣҲԣ֮ͬˣͻǳ
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ǻһĻߣһб̤ȻȰĶƺ׵Ĺ޷⣬ϲֹȻҲʵ
ƺװҪӦѾˣϵĵƺҪеԼ֮ϡ
ƺѾ޿ɱܣֻĿŵйԼ塣
ƺףĽ죬ļգ
ٴδһǰ㣬䵶ӿٶȣʱȻ˽ȶˡ
ڴΪƺױһϵʱһâͻȻֱ֣ӻ˿ռ䡣

žһĲҽˡ


906 Ҷ
ڴұ˫ۣ̿ƺױһϵʱһâ֣ƿϵĳ

žһҽУ֪˭﷢ȵâʧ洦ƽ
δ𣬵δ𡭡
Ѫ淢
ƺ׻˫ۣԼ𣬶ϾԼһ֮ңе䵶бڵϣ󴦣һ˿˿Ѫϡ
˭͵Ϯң
ϱŭˣֵĽԺҲ޷õˣôܲŭܵأϧʧȥõĻᣬڼҶһ⣬̸ͻء
ղŽâȻΣǱ˲׽ˣҽҶ㣬Ϊɱ¾֮δڽ֮ϣһѪ
ֻ֮д裬ƺʦѾˣαڸϾɱ
Ҷ㵭˵ƽ·˵һƽ顣
ղųֵҶ㣬ƺ׿ҪϵµʱҶˣȻϣԼڱ˵ĵ¡
ɶǽ֣㾹Ȼ͵ϮҪɱ㣡
ϲһУҶ˹ʧȥұۣʧȥ

Ҷһ˿ɱ⣬ղûлɱҶѾˡ
ϣҪ
ղŸһļӷһУϲҪðա
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֣ٴζԭأһѪһβֱۣǲӡ
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ƺЩţЩʣͫһɢȥ
ͨ
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ܺãȻɱƼҵˣСӣˡ
Ϻ󷽣߹ӣһ˴˵
ЦѵǲǴɱǵ𡣡
ҶЦһ֮Ŵ򿪣Ѷǵ˼
ûв´ǹвǸСŮǳ֣ڽһ򾡣Ҳµûɣ
Ҷ˵ǵı
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ʶıƻҲأǵĿľҪɱ˻Ƽˡ
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ƺ׻ָߵҶߣȻҲʮԷȻʹ˴ļƲߡ
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Ҷ㣬ҪעмǸ꣬˽ѪƼһٮٮߣʵɲ⣬Ѿڵز
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Ҷ˵ͷɨһۣѪ֮⣬ƻʵߣˣƺ޼
Ѫʦ֣СӽҶ㣬ڻһǳ֮ʢҪ׻Ҫ߳һҪСĴˡ
ڶ棬ƻҲǸѪƺҶ˽Ķࡣ
ȥɱ
Ѫֻ˵ĸ֣ûô֮˵ҪɱҶ㣬·ڸˣΨ
Ҷ㶼һ㶣ѪĻȡ裬ҵעҲ˼ûаҶ
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ƻһĿһеӣָָҶӣһȻı顣
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ܶԷµƣҶȻ޶ãƺһʼҶûŲŲ
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Ѫüͷһ壬Ѫ˵
ƼҲҪУȻûʸڼҡ
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˭ҲҶô嵭дһУȻ̫⾳档
ĸ֣һ۾ֱܷҶԼ似İ壬뵽似֮С
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һһɿƲǺԵĽ˳ȥֱӻƲ񷣬Ƴ
ͣ
һƴĿѪˣϦĵ֮£ʮۡ


907 䳡
ĿĽ⣬ѤѪ͵Ϧһ˵Ļ
ʱ·ֹˣҶĽڵѪ˳Žδδʡ
ܲסԼͣ½гƻĻ档
ΨȴѪȣ˸ɾɱַ
ÿĽ
֪˭˳Ĭ
úݵĽ
һ̾
Ľ
ȴзŭУɱ⣬Ѫš
ͨ
ƻˣףԼôᱻҶһлɱûпҶĽ
̾СϲϣЦȻŵЦݣɫһ̣˰ٱ̬дڲͬ˵ϡ
˻ϲ˳
̣
·ͬһ̣ͻȻѹзŭַҲ˷ܵĺ
ಣ
ƻµһ̣Ӱͬʱ֣վҶǰͬʱָҶ㡣
ಣ
ǼӰ֣̻ЦƺվҶ棬ƴƼҲȱ١
֪ɱƼҵĵӣʲô𣡡
Ѫô䣬糤һ֡
ŶҵʮָȤ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦѪвҶ᲻Ȥ
³ֻһ
ѪԽԽ䣬ĽɢƺҪƲ񷣬ȻҲﵽ΢⣬ѹֱڼҿУֱӳΪӵӣƺòμӿˣֱӿԼڼҡ
˼֮ҲҪһ
Ҷ΢΢һЦƵѪ棬ɢһɱϢһһݽɫ
Ҳᳯ㶯֣һڿ˵ʱ򣬵˵棬ҵǰסҽѪڻ죬úϧʱɣ
Ѫʾһ£𳤽ת뿪ˣȻûг֣ڿ˵ʱ򣬵Ŷʮһ֡
Ҫлл㡣
ҶЦˣЦʮֿģԼʲôʱʩˣҶûг֣Է֣Ҷ㲻׳֡
Ϊ֪ѪҪҪģǴţԣҶΪĶ
ڼҵˣѪҪһˣҶжϣĻ֮һ˵Ԥϡ
⼸ҪúõĻţסҵģ˭ҪǸɱǸѪȥ
ѪɨһȦ·ˣҶģ˭Ҳ׼˭ҪǸѪĳˡ
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ͻȻһʶԼϣҶ㿴һ߿Լﻹһ޴ĺ«һ֮󣬾ȻһЦž«ʼ
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賤һνӣ˭֪賤ϿеˣǷǲȱûһˡ
һƺĸ֣Խŵ棬ֵŵҲԽԽ࣬ŵʮ˸֧Ƽңֻһ֧֮
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һսı죬˲˵ڰսǰ
˵ע֮£ڰսı졣
ǵھսģڵľ磬ȫû⣬ھսҲ졣
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ˣ
ʮսҲ죬ϧ˵һ֮岻ܿƣʼ׹䣬ҪʩչѾˡ
ף죡
𿼺˵ĳ׳ɼһսģ㣬ȻǾ졣
ĿǰΪֹʮֻѩɡ
ֳֻʣҶһˣƵ֮£Ҷ㻺˳ӯһ˿ԪĲ


911 
˵Ŀ֮£ҶߵսǰӯûԪһͨķˡ
ಣ
Ҷ嵯𣬻ûԪ
СӷˣʹԪҲ²ֻսġ
ܲҶԪ˷֮
˶Ҷע˹ȥǴ󲿷ǳЦġ
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ȴ֪ҶûʩչԪԾʱ򣬷賤ˢһ©ĶҶ㣬·˱һ㡣
ƴźɸֵʮΣû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ˴⡣
ˣ
һ֣ر˸оŲһΣ̫
ŭڣƾЪ
ڵڶʱҶȻһ׳ʿ
һɺ֮޾ĸȣеļ鶼ȼ
߰ģѪڡ
̧쳤Х׳ң
˵սģҶԽԽ󣬷·ز˹
쳹쳹գӵɽ֮ƣư磬ȫҶδһ˿ԪС
ɽ֮ƣۻ磬˷׷׳ˣҶĹ
ʱ˵ĪƣͲ赸ղŻֵĿ⣬û뵽Ҷһ˴ľϲ
ɣһһɵӣҶǿĹļҲҶĶ
̨֮ϣ賤ԽԽЩϷ׷ҲͶĿ⣬ҶĵƣֱǰδУϹսĺսġ
ԶԶֹˣԽԽ߿о춯֮ƣư磬ǳڳ裬һĸ
ʮǧ·ƺ¡ĪУͷձС
ת֮䣬Ҷ㵽˵սǰ
һʮĪУͷϷжᡣ
賤ͻȻЦеĺ«ڴڵĺȾơ
ܵһУҶȻ֪ڽһľ磬Ư֮ϣȻԼܵĵǣ
ôܣСӽ״̬ˡ
ֳۼ֮ˣѾҶǱ˫ۣȫĵǣһӣõĵϿɡ
˵Ŀ⣬ӸղŵıģЦת𾪣ȣһ˿⣬Ȼмʡ
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ܣδѩӺޣʱ𣿼ݳ̤ƣɽȱ
ҶڵھսǰĹҶ˾졣
ʱѾݴҵı飬ΪΪֹҶ㻹ûʩչκԪĶҲ˵ҶʩչԪȫɵʮսġ
ʮսĳˣҶȻڶ׶Σû˫ۣйԼľڱ仯
߿ʫ䣬ܵĹҶһƬľ硣
־ͺ²⣬Ц̸ūѪͷʰɺɽʡ
ʮս𣬳޾񷣬·ϴգȾɶ
ʮ죡
͸żʾ˾þò𺳵
Ҷ建£Ȼ˫ۣԼ棬淢κš
ಣ
賤ͻȻʧˣ˭Ҳûп壬ֻҶߣһһĻˣе޷͸Ļ֮С
ǧһΣҶ㾹Ȼ뵽˶֮УΪ˲˴賤ϲһ󷨣⽫Ҷ㳳ѡ
ʱһȥΪҶӶ֮лδѹ޷ɼڶرǳˡ
ҶоԼ뵽һƬս֮ϣǳɱ֮ħԼǰҴҶ
žһսħսһ𣬶ɽһʬǣѪΪӣʬǱɸɽ
һҵľҶȫˣǰֵľղܣֳɱ¾֮ϵĳĻ꺣֮С
ɱ¾־ڲϵɺɫϢһ㱻ҶգҶоԼ־ڷӡ
һ˵־߶Զ־ᶨȻԲᶨԺĵ·зǳӰ졣
һ־ᶨ֮κ飬һƣκҲˣ־
ʬɽѪУҶ㴸Լ־־Ҳ⣬ʱҶ㣬һʣ
գۼĹҶʹ΢ɽ⣬ʱջĵȻɱ¾֮õɱ¾֮Ľ˷ܵĺ
ȻϹսһٴ˵أմɱ¾֮
Ľ˷ܵԾػ޼ɵգԼʵ
ĵزкԶһ·滹е֮Զ
ȥСʱҶŻ˫ۣħս˳ϳһ˿ƣ֮ɫ
ղɱ¾֮Լ־ҶԪȻ٣ʩչԪ񣬵ƣ
˫֮󣬿һͷžһɾ˱Ƕ
Сˣˣ
ҶһɨԼΧһĻ˵ʧһɶ߳һߣǷ賤ϡ
Ҷ͸ܿղԼ֮УǷ賤ϲ󷨣ѴӶ֮˳
лϣ
Ҷһʾл˵ôҪҶ㵱Ȼղһ򣬶Ҷɳмĺôɱ¾֮ڵԽҲ
ҪǣҶɱ¾־ɹĲ΢ɾҶǸм賤ϡ
СӲҪȥμӵڶؿ˰ɣ
賤Ϻһھƣһӣܵʧ˵Ķ档
Ҷ㣬ʮ죡
ʱ򿼺˹Ҷɼʮ֣ǴҶ֪ҶʮζʲôûԪʮĳɼ
ܶ಻Ŀ׷Ͷ
ѪĿ£Ҷ㾹Ȼʮ죬츳ҪߣӴ̼ɱ֮ġ
սҶֻһçѣ۾磬Ҷ֮Уֻĩβ
ҲһղŻ̻ƼңҶһʮ죬ݺݵ˦һ⣬ݺݵĵһҶ㣬˵
ɣղ㲻˵ǻƼûо죬ô˵ˣǻƼʮӡ
ɫܺãҶʮ죬ûƼұĿ
ߣҪ⣬أܲܽڼң츳ͬҪ
ø솪£ֻǽϣڶأϣܳƼҡ
ڤ粻飬㳹֪ʲô졣
Ҳ⣬Ҷ츳κ˶츳㡣
ˣԵڶأǵĻɳֵߵ񱮵ǰ
˳ϴ̸һ֣Ǹղŵ˳ߵ񱮵ǰ
עǵĻһΪµȣĵΪеȣߵżΪϵȣʮϵȡ
֮ϣѾ̺˿̶ȣֻҪעɡ


912 츳
Ҷһ䣬ǹȻڴҵĶߣǼĹѪ͵ʫʣղܡ
һǰĻͣ֣һ˿֣ע뵽֮С
žһâ˸ϵĿ̶һ𣬺ܿ˵̶ȣʱƺϹͣڵ̶ȡ
ͣе츳
˹ż¼Ȼֵ츳ϣֻеȣϲ¡
Ϊһ˰սģʱΣһػûлᡣ
һػΣ̭ҲԶˡ
츳ԺȻҪȵһؿϺܶ࣬һһе츳ϵ츳١
߼츳ϵȣ
۳Ƽֻһ˴ﵽϵ츳е츳µ츳ڼҿˡ
Сʱʱ䣬ѾеһС룬󲿷ֶм츳ֵܿѩ
С֮ϣʱ䣬һâ˸걮Ŀ̶ڷ
ѩż츳ϵȣ
ֳһ󾪺ѩһﵽ˾ż츳
ֵܿһˣҲǻע뵽֮С
骣˼츳ϵȣ
Ҷѭȥڵһصʱֻǰ죬ڶرȥ˲پ֮ˣ骵츳˼츳ڼҶǼټġ
츳µȣ
ƺ죬弶츳еȣ

ˣѾһ룬ֵܿѪ
۽ƳһҶ㣬ѪһƱ飬ƺڸҶ㣬츳Ҫġ
һٶ˵ע⣬ΪѪҶ㣬˺ܿˣʱѪȻԼսҶ㡣
ѪƣҶ޶ãûȻڻָʶ
һ˿Ļ֮У̶Լٶܿܵ˵ڰ˲̶ȣھŲֻһ֮ң
ϧ˺üΣâԽԽδܵϾżӦǰ˼룬ѩĿǰǳǰ˼츳ûм󲿷ֶ߼
Ѫ˼츳ϵȣ
˹Ѫĳɼ
֮ѪٴοһҶ㣬֮Уǲм֮ɫ
˼츳ڼҾ֮ӣż츳ڼҲȼˣʮ츳Ƽ꣬Ҳʮˣǳֹż츳
Ѫаʱ˼츳ڼҾԻܵӡ
ƬuҲƼŵӣһؾĳɼǳΪ䣬Ϊֹδ˵
ע
Ƭuվǰ˹˵һ䡣
ұۣһɻƬuֱ֮ͷųע뵽֮С
̶һ𣬲һʱ䣬˰˼δֹͣԼѵٶ˾ż츳üβƬuֻüӴŴӾŲվȡ
ֳһƬȻһż츳֣˽ڼңΪԴģһΪصĶ
Ľά֣ϣǰƬuùϵ
Լӱƽѩʮָˣղ֮ɫȫʧҲǳƼͶƵĿ⡣
ƽ࣬弶֮䣬ֱֳ֣ٴһ߳
һ˿ɫ֣ע뵽֮У̶˲
һգۼĹ򣬾˵ڰ˲㣬ϼ
˵ھŲ֮󣬻δֹͣʮϧֻ΢΢϶һ£ܿص˾ż
𣬾ż츳ϵȣ
˹ƺҲЩ츳Ȼ˾żȻֻôһ㣬֪һ츳֮ԢЩ߼츳µˣûл뵽ϡ
һ츳һؾ츳أһؾٽһ
ﵽ˾żϣҲ˵пͻƵ˾Ҳأߡ
ˣôܲЩϷÿ˹Ľ
յŵӣЩ˹ٻص壬ҲӦĽ
ҲΪʲôڼ趨صԭֱӽЩûǱĵ̭ڼңҲ˷ѡ
ñһǾ죬ڶм츳ҲڼҹעΪĳɳޡ
ģµһֻս죬ڶؾż츳һܵڼҵĹעһ˵츳̫Ҫˣ㽫ĳɳֵ
ѹѪ԰˼츳ʮ˷ܣ⣬ܳɳأˣݣԲĬĬţڼңҲųϼ
յ蹦򣬾ֵ˻ƼңһֵĻˮ
츳ȥѾԹˣʱ츳ʮֲˣϧһˡ
Ȼͣ츳ˮǷϵ̾Ϣһ츳ܸı䡣
ƽ츳еȣ
飬߼츳ϵȣ
ƣ弶츳еȣ
ڣ츳еȣ
Ц߼츳ϵȣ
̣߼츳ϵȣ
ƺף߼츳ϵȣ
츳ϣƼҴΣû¼츳֣ζ弶츳ϧûа˼츳֡
ŻƼһûгְ˼츳̲סˣżٴ˵죬㲻˼츳ɡ
֪ڳҲ֧û˼츳ǰⷬȻ˵á
̸Ϊ֮磡
ҲøĥƤˣѪﵽ˰˼츳ƬuǾż츳ʱҲûףҶܴܲﵽż츳Ҳұ֤
ֻҪҶܴﵽ˼츳ͿˣڼҾԿü
㻹ǲƺĲһῴô
¶Цݣƺ˻Ƽڵڶꪳɳ
Ȼ󲿷ֶм츳ǵһسɼǺܺãֱӰǵĻ֡
߼츳һٶˣڼֻҪʮˣ˼츳кüˣż츳ռˣҪ߼츳ӱ̫̫ѡ
˳һ֮ɫһ˿顣
֮ϣעԼĻâ˸ϵܿ͵˰˼츳Ե
գ֮䣬˰˼츳ھż츳ǻʱ䣬Ȼֵ䵽˰˼츳
ż츳ֻһ֮ң̷ʲôĵرȫԽż츳ǳˡ
ȡð˼츳ûκЦ⣬Ϊֻ֪ûƼңȻڼңԺҲշƼҡ
ף˼츳ϵȣ
˹׵ĳɼ
һ˻Ҷ㣬˳
ڶزԣ賤һֱ۾Ҷ֣Ƥӻ
кϷˣ
賤˵һ䣬˹ֺ˼ھơ
ע
˭˹ٶ˵ͬĻû֮УڲԻĴȣԼ츳
Ҳ֪ʲôɣȻܲԳһ˵츳ΣԣҶҲŪһȥڼ壬ԺΪԼ֮á
һʱָҶԪָȫʢ״̬һ˲٣ڣֻһ֮ң
ԪӨ͸ɢ󱦹⣬ƣ磬ҶԪεĹһ
뵽֮УžһĿĹâ֣񱮵ȴﵽߵ㡣
ԽȻҲǿңҶĻɢĹȻ̵˫ۡ

ļ
弶

걮ڽڽ


913 
˵Ŀⶼۼ֮ϣҶڵһóʮĳɼԵڶҲΪ˴ҹעĿꡣ
賤ЦеĶ񱮣ƺг
գۼĹ߼츳âȻɣδֹͣ
˼츳Ѿ˼츳ˣ
âڵڰ˲̶ȵʱܲٵӶԽܣҶﵽ˰˼츳
ż츳ˣôܣ
ĿǰΪֹֻ˴ﵽ˾ż츳ҶҲͻƵ˾ż츳ƺûֹͣ˼ζ
ʼգâûм˼ǲԣʼʱâٶȺܿ죬˺ڣԽԽԵϳ
Ҷһֱһٶȣǵ˾ż츳޷âߵĽŲ
ʮʮʮ츳ˣ
ֱӳͣȫţҶĻֱӹᴩż츳վ˵ʮ̶ȣô޷ܵǣâ
ǲ˼鷢ˣֱӳʮ츳֪ܵȥˣ棬ȴѿ츳Ļ걮ֱѡ
⡭
ֳһļž񱮴Ѽǧ꣬һγ˴ﵽʮ츳˵ٻ񱮣п̶ʧƣԺҲ޷츳ˡ
˹ٲ֪ôҶ츳ԣ˵ʮϧʮ̶ûйâ˵㼶ղҶȷʵﵽʮ츳
Ͱʮ츳ɣ
ſ˹Ϊѵӣ賤ʱվ˳ƺҶ㶨һʮ츳Ҷ㷴Կˣ⣬Ҷ츳Ӧôﵽ˶ʮϧ걮ȼֻ̫ͣܲԵʮ
񱮣ܲһټ츳ϧûС
²װɣҲ񱮳⣬ô׳ʮ츳ġ
һվ˳˵ƺ賤Щìܡ
˽Ʊ룬һֱ賤ʮֲͣﾭ
ûҿ񱮳⣬СӼ˱ˣҿֵ弶츳
վ˳Ʊ볤һһ͡
վЩҲЩţƼҾ꣬Ųȼʮ츳һǾž֮ϧҶϿ츳
첻ԸˣҶԳʮ츳Ϊβ
ɣ˼˵ڼҰٴˣô⣬ҿҶʮ츳ǶԿղźԣҶ츳ʮ
վ˳Ҷʮ츳ǻƼһΪڼҹעĿ꣬δ꣬ڼһ֡
˿ʼЩҲ飬׸ж
һȺ
ۣܵ賤øǱ⣬˹˵ĺžƣ۽Ǵ֮ɫҶ㡣
ɣǸһͶ˼츳Ρ
ʮϣַ֧賤ϣҲ֧Ʊ볤ϣһվҶ㶨һ˼츳Ҳ͡
˲˵ƱҲ˵ʲôû񱮴²ԣֻˡ
賤ϣ㿴Σ
߶ʱ򳯷賤ʵ

賤Ըֱ˵ڼǰ˵ҲǺ޽ɣֻܿЦ֪ܲ賤ʲôˣҲøȥƽϡ
Ȼ賤ҲͬˣҶͶ˼츳ɣ
˹ٺܿ˳ɼҶڶذ˼츳ҺҶһ˲츳񱮻˾ͻˣڼһµİ
ˣһأ˭ĵԽ࣬ȻԽߡ
˹֮ôҽʯǰźöӣҲһ츳
츳ãûԼĵҲʧԼǰһҲǳؼ
Թ̷ǳ򵥣ǵԪע뵽ʯ֮УʯӵжִԽȻԽãڿʼɣ
˹һӣôҿԿʼˡ
һͣԪע뵽ʯ֮ϣܿʯ⻪
ִ
˹͵ĳɼ
Ľ׸Ҷ㣬֮Уǧ
ǧַΣ֣֮ղͳִֵһǻԴҲС޷Գ
νǽľˮͨܳģλҲӡ
νΣ֮ԣڴΣ֮
֮б˰٣ƻ裬սᣬЩ֮ʮޣһļ١
ɱ֮֮Щڰ֮һࡣ
ͳǧûǿֻ֣֮ǰΪľˮ࣬ǧǰ棬֮Ϊ
һЩ˰٣ƻ裬սᣬЩҪǿϧ֮١
Ľ׻Ҷ㣬磬˰ս˲ˣƹһ磬ĽĽɫηĪ
зĴɻЩǧзǳģ˿֮¡
ʱĽ׵ĽҶ۽磬ӰҶԣĽ߸࣬Ҷ⵽
ڸЩ֪ʶҶֻûк
˽֪ʶԽ࣬ԺҲԽһЩ黹о绮֣ĽֻδᣬҶҲûʡ
ɵĽУһмصС
ֵܿ˼пܳΪڼҵӣһزԲڶ츳Ҳһ⣬ڼһǰ϶顣
Ԫע뵽ʯ֮УųߵâʮֳȣȻӵִСҶҲһ¡
ִС
ִܲģˣҶӵоŸ֮٣ӵоŸҶҲֻһִ
ںڣǳ֮ѣʾ֮
һҲܿٳµ򣬲Ĵ˲ľš
ִ̫ޣǾٮٮˡ
ԵʱǳĿ죬ת۾͵ѩٴιעѩѾڼڶֻ߹̶ѣӵмִ
Ԫעʯ֮Уճʮ⣬мʮۣһ󾪺
ǴתȻӵʮֵ⣬˱ˡ
ĽҲ˴
ѩִС޵塣
˹ƺҲЩѩӵУˮľִбСа޵ĵ塣
ϧֱʮƽ󲿷ֶһִһЩ޵СҲûгִϵġ
骣ִһС޵塣
ڵһرֲǺܺãϧڵڶظֳɫ١
СԲƣϾӵкܶСһȫʵԵĿģǴյĴۼ
ֻһִʮ֮Ҳ޷ڼҵӡ
ӵִû֮һܵõڼӡ
һʱ䣬ֳֵһڵĳɼǰ
пǵһһȡʮ죬΢΢Ҷ㣬ڶǾż츳ָ߳Ҷ㡣
ڵڶذ˼츳Ҷ㻹ǱȽ⣬ĸԼһʮ츳»Ϊʸ֮ġ
Ԫעʯ֮Уʮâͬʱִ֣Ӧ


914 ֮
ʮֹâִӳЩӳ׾ˣһźȻ֮ɫ
ǿ츳Ȼִܲ
ղѩ츳ô𾪣˿̴Ѿľˣ˱ˣ޷ȥȽϡ
ľˮԣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ԼӵоŸԪأѵҲĸ
˾У˹ĳɼĿǰȻڵһͿҶһرֵˡ
ص˶֮Уûʲô鲨ƺѲµĽӵִž֮
յʱ䣬ֵƼңѪһ޵ɱһʼƺûɢȥ
עԪʮâ˸ʮִۣȻҲִ
ѪִС޵塣
˹˳ɼڵĳɼҲŽǰˡ
ѪƬuޱ飬·ɱȫƵãһѪƺͬһޡ
ԪʯҲǼʮâ˸ϧִֻСǲ٣޵Ҳʮ
ƬuִСʮ޵塣
˹Ƭuĳɼ⣬ƬuѪѾڼҵӡ
Сʱȥֵܿ˻Ƽҡ
ӳҶʮ֮󣬻Ƽұܹע̨ϵЩϣҲʼҪҶ㻹ܸʲôϲ
ղ츳ԣҶ츳ԳʮϧĬ˭Ҳȥϣ񱮳ˡ
һ߳ĻˮԳһִСɼǺ룬ֻһٿˡ
ƽһִС޵壡
ڣһִСһ޵壡
ƣһִһС޵壡
꣬һִС޵壡
ЦִС޵壡
Ц֮ӣϧǰ⵽װŻָãһûбϣڼҡ
ִ̣޵壡
ƺףһִСһ޵壡
ִֻЦ̳֣ɼܺãҲܻϾֳԳִĲˣ󲿷ֶһָ֡
ףҲһ֮ɫƼһֱ롣
ߵʯǰעԼԪȻѪɫ
ֻһâҲǳȻûԪУֻһɺɫ
Ѫ֮
һԴ֮ɫôѪ֮ȻеУҲһּ亱ĵ塣
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ףѪ֮һ֣Сޣ޵ޣ
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ֻҪҶϣͿʮ˳ɹڼҡ
Ҷ˳ֻľۼҶϣ˫۾ҶɣǻǴŵЦ⡣
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һƽ𣬿Ҷ֮󣬶΢΢ۣҪСһأΡ
Ҷ֮⣬û˴ĳɼΨҶ㣬ڵһسԽڶȻҶð˼츳ĳɼǲΪ賤ϸҶ㶨һʮ츳
ڳȫҶѹһ¶һ˿˿⣬֪Щʲô
ѪȻҲ˹ΪһزϣҪսҶ㣬ܶԷûڼңѪҪɱҶ㡣
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ע֮£ҶߵʯǰһԪע뵽ʯ֮С
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ԼĪһʱ䣬ڳˣٶ˶żеſ˹٣Ͼغǵˡ
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ǰʮЩ˰ˣֻܾʮпģʱ໥֮䣬ֻôһ࣬͸ڼԵ
ֻ֮󣬿ܻһս
˳ɼǳӽһڼңһܣ߾ͻﲻƽ⣬Ҳܹƽսķʽ߻ǰߣԷΣ츳޼˭ڼҶһȻѡսʤһ
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̨ǰһƬյأΪɹǰʮ׼ġ
𣡡
˹ٶ˵һ֣һȻҶ㣬һأҶĴ޷жϣ֪ڵڼ


915 Ѫս
ڴҵĿע֮£˳վڿյصһŵĵһλʮĿЩĽĿ⡣
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ѩƬuѪף骣
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ΪֹȻûҶӰӣʮˡ
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ʱȥˣ˳ǱַǳɫЩӣаϣ츳߼ϣִʸ
Щһִķ֧ӣֻһٿ⡣
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ЩͲסˣƼĿǰΪֹֻױѡϣģҲֻʮҡ
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ǰʮﵽؾղˣ۷Բֻһ֮ң
ЩվסˣҪȥʣȴҶסˣҪĲܽڼңҶ㻹սһ·ΣڼҶĽ
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ʮΨһҶˣֻھ磬Щûнǰʮĺ֧ܶӣ綼Ҷ㡣
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˹ٻĳ˵ѪʧܣʧȥڼҵĻᣬˡ
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Ѫʮְ˵ܴܴÿһ˵Ķ棬òֱˣѪȻսҶ㣬˫֮ĲҲ̫˰ɡ
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ڶҶûɾܾѪҪɱԼҶγɱ֮ǰѪֿҶ߻ص


916 һ
ȻûɾܾҶΪλҪܾȻܣ
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ֻ֮һܻȥںˣģҿԷΪӹ
ѪҲһˡԼĳһ㣬߸ϡ
˵ûֻ֮һܴȥ
ҶȻ⣬ֻɱѪҪûʸ
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賤ϣǲǸֹһ£ʧһˣڼҶһ޴ʧ
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İɣҶһûµģ
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һɽסɣ˿ʼ
ˣڱȣǴ֣ɺͳ
һϴһû뵽һδȣȻô顣


917 ǿͽ
ϳ֣սһϢȥ˶ơ
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ף׷׼ˮ壬ɽ壬ֻ÷·ȫŮӣѩ÷·塣
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Ƽ߰ŰƻңҲ࿿һţƼм䡣
޻ңԪңϵĻռ󴨣ռǳ֮
̾ھ֮УҲʮ򣬸ƼҲ¡
ȨԺҶ㲢İɱһӣƼʮ·̣ʹôһܵ
ҶʶɽԶһԶĵط롣
žǵɣ£Ҷע⣬һ֮ϣ·һƬ磬Ƭƺˡ
Ԫ̣а̾ħ֮У̤˵ء
ݼ֮أȣﳣѩǣȵĵӺڴ½߶
̫ҶϤƼҷǳңԶ
칬һʣ˵һŮˣƾһ֮һӴţʮֺ
Ƕ뵺һĵ죬̾޾Ĵ֮ϣ˸̤㡣
Ҷ㿴ˣֻһţЩСͼ壬źǧҶ޷ȫס
Ͽȥһ޼ʵǹ㣬ȻҲн֣򣬴򿿽ɽ磬Ҫ̤գҪΪᾭɽƬ
Ψвɽ編򣬲л̤գ봫˵еɽ磬ǿߣһҲҪ̤޾ѰҴ˵֮е֮
ҶҲ˽⣬½İ飬Ƭ緱ǣ½Ǻܸߣ˵֮ء
ЩϢҶ㳹ԭأ԰Ρ


918 Ƽ
ʱһȥīƵʱ䣬īƵٶȣǧ̫ˣյľ룬ǶôңԶ
Ҳ֤ʵݺޱߣ֪ݴ϶١
Ǹȣһųۡ
֮īƵеٶȿʼɽǳ˵֮С
ҶϾҪˡ
˹ٻһദʮ˱˴˶Щ˽⣬ӸҲ֪ƼҵķֲԼݵĻ֡
ϾҪƼңһ˷վīƵϣ棬һ޴ɽεضһɽɽ֮䡣
ԾϢִǲôҾϲǣŨȷǳĺãֱӴں
ҶҲȻҪ̫ڻҪʤһ
ַһյʱ䣬ڽƼҵִ̣ɽΪԣԣӦǰɽ壬ɽΧһ޴󹬵ɽ屻ˣӦ塣
ɽƼΪͣϣ֮ͨ塣
ǹܣƣƺڣ嫲֮£ֻܿȸƫƫ裬ͷɹâһգɽȫ
īƵһ½һ޴Ĺ㳡ϣʮ־޴󣬰棬˸Ϲ⻬͸ռƽפ㡣
īƵͣȣεĴ޴Ĺ㳡֮ϡ
ڵһȣһϰٸ֧һѡӣ˿ܻûлȻ֮һһϲ㣬ɸλ³ϻصԼɽ壬ʱǻᰲԺС
˹˵뿪ˣīƵֱ֮ӷˣǱ֮С
Ϊִ٣Щվڸɽ峤ϵ
ڹ㳡мλãڷһźܳӣʮӣƼϲÿһη֧ӼƼңõϲĹ
ǹΪ˴̼ЩӸõ˵ˣҲһľٶƼҸ
յ蹦һ޴£ʮˣǶʮҵˣƷǳǿʢ
ЩӦҲǴӷ֧ѡĵӣ䵽㳡֮֮󣬳Ҷ߿˹ƺףЩ˶Ǵӷ֧ѡġ
ϣѡʲôõ𡣡
һ߳˹ĴкƺҲ÷·ĳϣֻȥ˱ĵطѡˡ
겻ջô
Це˵
رĶ࣬üȼ
˿ʼ۷׷ףΨû˸賤˵ƺܸ룬Ҷ㶼䡣
Щ֪һɽĵӣѿʼ׷׽̸
ǰӽһʱʱ䣬ʮ˷׷ڰϣÿһм˽ڼҡ
мˣ
ڴҾʱԶͻȻǿҹâԶԶһŵְʮѤĲ£ɢϼɫʣӡʮ߲ͨ˵ˡ
Ȼʮ˾ƼҸ߲ÿ궼ӴЩ¼ĵӡ
ҶĿЩһɨͻȻһ𣬷賤Ҷ㿴˹ΪСӱͻȻ仯֮
Ҷ˲ջأЩɢƣ޵׶һ㣬еľһ궼ҪϢĸо
Щ֮ʮŮ£һ£ͷɫڣϢҪҶǿ١
ԼǰţȫֵǮˣ
Ҷ㰵ԸпʮǿŮ֮䣬ʤ
Щݷһõƣع㣬ͣմȾ֮ǣҲҪСӢ
һʮҵվ˵
˵֮Щϴżߵǰ棬ܼϲѵ
ҶĶһˣ˫ȭģҪȥǸʱܳ嶯һܳ嶯
һӣҲ࣬ĿüǳĿɨʱ̧ͷȺ֮пȥ
ͻȻһ𣬽ӸһΣվ
䣬ʲôˣ
ߵһɻ֮ɫʵ
û£ǿ̫ţЩƼٴγΪ֮ס
Լϵı飬ղһƲзˡ
𣿡
Ҷ꺣֮УһϤҶһȭͷסŬĿԼ
Ϊʲô
ҶеŭһйǱûκα仯
˵ز˵֮أϵʱԻȥ㣬ΪҲɼ
Ҷ꺣ͳȥ˵ע⡣
λҽһ£λƼҽĳϣƹн
̷ͫվ˳һճϣһҲǸյӣƼҵλܸߡ
һߵ˵ͷһŨĽɢ˲ұӡ
λǲϣλ䱦ϣλҩ԰ϣλ޷¡
̷ͫһһܣʮ˼ƹһأ䱦ҩ԰ЩǸϢϢأܸЩϸùϵԺĵ·һ
Щʮֹÿ㵽һˣ׷Ϲ
м˲Ǹ£Ǽλǳߵĳϣλߡ
λǴ䣬λǼ£ƣ
̷ͫĽܣʮȫ磬ԺʶԷ˭
ʦ֣˵ҲһӣûһˣΪνͻȻһˡ
һһλڼλǳߣ賤˽ƲӣΪһС¸賤Ūһǰ֮á
ûû賤һ㲻ͽܣͻȻҪǺúõĿ۽磡
һ˵ˮŹЦݿŷ賤ϣȻƲӴһӡ
߷ȫϵֻйŽûзҲȽ⣬ŽϷ賤ϣһˣҪ
壬ϼʮˣзҵϣɻϣʮȫ档
Ҷ￩һ£ԼŽȻ粽аûƼң͸ܵ⡣
Сӣôҿ۽磡
賤˿Ϊ⣬Ҷߵǰ棬ôҼ
ĪҪ࣬ƼңƽȣƼҽľһȡû̫ķȽڡ
Ҷȭͷ߳ʱ˵ˣ˼Ҷ㲻óЩ˲Ŀ⣬һݺݵ÷賤ϳ
СҶλϣ£
Ҷ²ûκξ֮ɫ
賤ϣûͽܿëûСӶսˣһؾСëȱٵӣǧɽԽǼ
Ҷľ磬ǧɽٴδŴЦ賤ϡ
ȻҲЦĳɷݣҲв⣬ǳ
ǧɽô˵ʹˣ賤ϻʶˣѡҿҶһʵˣŻõ賤ϵ
ŴȤ˵
˵ĲҲԣ賤֣賤ѵͲЩ˿۽磬ӵк֮𡣡
ˮ˵Ҷ㾹ȻΪ˳ЦĻ


919 
һһͣȻ賤ϻҶˣΪ˳ЦĻ
ô˵Ͳˣ賤ϵӣһ֮ӣڳڼʶһλŵӵķɣҿΣ
֮ҧúأȻҶʲô˼賤յĸͽܣһһڼ޵λԡ
ǧϹ֣仰ҰҵĵӶ֮ӣҿЩӣǺ԰ɣ
賤ʮãԼӱ˵֮ӣ϶ð⡣
Ҷ㶼ˣѵԷǱӵ˼Ƿ賤ķˡ
Ȼˣβдһ£
ǧϹǧɽ賤ô˵¶һ˿Ц⡣
ӣ賤˵ǺǸô
ǧɽһ˵ҲǴӷ֧ѡģڣƸҪѪҪǿʢ
£ͷڣԣҶ㿴˹ŵһЦ
ʦ𣬼Ȼ賤ϵ֮ӣǵֻֽһϣܴӶԷո֪ʶ
ӻĻ£Ȼ˵ֽ̣÷賤޿ɾܾ
ֽ̿ԣǲԳˡ
ǧɽǺЦ⣬ʾӿ߳
İʦԷ䣬ӱ֤Բ˵
¶һ˿ЦݣһһͣЩֻҡͷûΪѾһˡ
˽֣ЩŵӸ¶˷֮ɫǳʮµŮǵƺ᲻Ȥ
Ҷʦָ̼УҶֲߴͽ̣
׼Լս㳡ޱȾ޴ȫ㹻սˣ﷨̣ƺо޴󷨿ؽ֣һ־رѣԺܶڣػ
賤ȫûڵĺžƣ˵ƣϰΪ
Ҷ㲻һѪգһٵƣðɱ⡣
ôҶֲӦս𣿡
ҶþòӦѾһĨм֮ɫ
Щ׼ֵĵӶ¶ʧ֮ɫû뵽Ҷ㾹ȻЩ˵ӦսûС
СӣԸӦսҲͰˣһЩ֮ӦսҲûʲô˵ġ
ҶĬ賤ʱ򿪿˵Ҷ㲻Ӧսˣ֮
Ҷ񾫹һɨĿɨܣͣһʱ䣬һղҶӺңǳҡ
Ȼ֪ܶƵҶ󲿷־˼ΪθƼҴΪμԼԣЩҶʧˡ
Ǹ鷳˵һ飡
ҶߵԼǰ˵
ղҶʧˣսûо۾ʱ
Ҷı֣ΪҶڳƸţֱĿˣӵսȻҷ˼ط
û뵽Сӱ˳ﾹȻţ
賤ʮ⣬ΪҶҲǹˣöԷ˵һ飬ʵǣҶһֱǸ׵飬Է
㡭
ӱɫ࣬׹¶ҧ˵ãҾ˵һ飬ҶֿɸҺһս
ƼҲǽƵӶŹɱ𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ŀɨһܡ
ʱҶ㽫ǿ¼ƼҹضĹ졣
İɣд裬Ҽ߲㶼Ѫ鷢
ҶһϽ͵
ģ
ԣҶ㲻ҡҡͷڼңһѰҸףڶҲΪѰߵ˿Ȥ
ģ
֣ӵƤӳ˳飬ķζҪըһﾹȻԼս˶Ϸ
һ£˵ЩŮˣϲڳ϶üͷһ壬¶ŭ֮ɫû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ˵СӵƢ賤ϾȻһ
Сӣ˵СƼѧգɴȥͷڹˣ
ӿڱŭ棬еŭѹƲסˣЦ
Ҷֶ첻Ȥͷڹ꣬ԺԻ
ҶƽĻشһ·ϣ̤ʬɽѪ߹ģд裬᲻Ȥ
͵ͦӲģҲãֻҪϣʵң뿪Σ
ҶƴǣԽ϶Ҷһ̰֮ƣҲ֪賤ôСӡ
ӵһҶüͷһ˻ԣһٶƣҶðɡ
׵飬ҶʮջͱˣҶʮֲˬ
Ҫд裬ˣֻɱִ֮д裬ʱ׼
ҶҲ䣬͸һɱ档
ɫһЦһЦһ㣬ʵû뵽ʱҶƤӻôӲɱвԼͷ˭ûɱˡ
ЩҲЦĿδ峤иҪɱˣô֮
Щ˵ǱʶΪҶڴţҪӡ
ڳֻмһ֪ҶûдţҲûѣ˭Ҳվ塣
ҶһնɱѪĿʱֿɿ˭վǧɽ賤ϵЩ½Ӹ岻Ͽڡ
ֻз賤üͷһ壬Ҷһ˿֣ͣˣд裬ȷʵΪˡ
ҶӣЦ͸ô˵ˡ
ڣ賤ϲ˵һҶ㰮Ļ
˵֮󣬷賤ϴҶҪ뿪ĳϣҲ᲻κȤ
Ҷ㣬û˵꣬뿪𣬸ɣ
ɫһͻȻһһ߽â֣ĵһҶ󱳶ȥУҶҪ˼
ͻȻ֣ɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ȴҶʧԭء
һƥĽ˫˵ĺâԶɱһ
ƼҵĴս
˷ƼǧΪ֧ĵ֪ƼҺֹһսǧ֮ϡ
ҶܶܵĿܷǳ֮СƫƫʱҶʧˣֱ˺ա
һԲϣͳɱˣǲˡ
ҶŭƼңҪǲˣȻˣҶҪȻϺڡ
飡
ҶָҲһָ۳һƥĽֱӽǵս飬֮г֣֮ƣǰ
б䣬ʱ֮䣬һŨޱȵɱҶںȻ
űǰɣûˣǺãɴ۾ˣ֮ĲжôĴ󣡡
˵֮䣬Ҷٴǰ̤һ˵Ʒ˷츲صı仯һսһͷҰޣһз̫죬ӸӦ
ƣڳˣһ̣Ҷӵǰ̽һϢתһƺݺ¡
䣡
һ̣Ӽзϲ·īɫâֵҶһơ
Ȼһжͽ͵ġ


920 Ž
ȵӷӦʱ򣬼淨£Ҫֵһƣϧһжͽ͵ġ
ֱӱҶһ˰ϣȫ´ѿͷһľ׮һĲ˰ϡ
Ҫ֪һַϣĲ󣬼Ӳ̶ȣȰ֪Ҷһƶôˡ
𾪣
һƶѣҶ㽫һǿ߻ܣָ͵ֶΣƵϴݿ࣬񣬸Ͳһ˿Ļᡣ
㡭
һӦĻǧɽͷϵڷ˲ȻŭӿǽյõĵӣȴҶ֮أֱӴ˲зϡ
ȫͷѣȻָҲдʱһһʹȥ
˵ǧɽû뵽Ƽڶϲ㶼û뵽¶һ˿˷֮ɫ˿֮еĽǺܿȥ
ԭǿֻС֮д裬ȻΣգǿԳȣʵ⣬Ҳһʱ̾ͼ
뵽һ֮䣬ͰܸҶ㣬֮ܵңӦĻᶼûУЩ߲ҪȶѾҶ˰ϡ
һǶˡ
һϴЦеƺǧɽҲʮֲ÷賤ڼ壬ȫǵˡ
ȷز¶ֲøղܾ񣬶Ǹûаӵһ¡
һ˵
ðĺˣղһħ㣬ģ˫ȭҲ֪մȾѪˡ
һ˵ЩŮղҶ𺳣ڻ޷ָ
ǴҶҶѾˣδɱ֣Ҷ㶯ɱģһˣ֪Ҷûпºڣǲмӽ֡
ʲôµˣʦԺҲⲻ˱ɱˡ
ǧɽŭ棬Ҷֱ༥κˣȻˣҪԾԵǿ̬ȻԺ󻹻еڶӣӡ
Ҷ㷢֣ƼҸŷǿʳǿΪ𣬸ղԼ֮󣬲ЩϣЩӣԼһɾη֮ɫ
෴ֵĲãˣԺܸ˵ĳ˵ĴΪĶ
ҶӸλϻЩŮ֮УѾƷζˡ
㾹Ȼʦ˵
վڳһվ˳ȻҲǧɽӣƵˣʵǿﵽسڣŲһ̤Ҫ֡
ˣ͵Ϊֹɣ
ʱ˻֣һǿƳ֣˸ղŵķ
ǧɽɫܲÿ쾹ȻһСѵˣɫʵѿԭҪһ賤ϵӣ֪͵ʴףеʮѻ
߰ɣ
賤ϴҶҪ뿪
賤ϵȵȣ
һ˵䣬ס˷賤ϡ
£
ȻǴǴ֪ԺƼңƹܡ
ƺЩ仯ЩҪһ£ǹŽȻҲҪμӡ
˵
ȻˣȸСͻȥǡ
˵ǣ賤ϾȻ¶Цݡ
Ҷ賤뿪˰ƽ̨˳ɽ£Žȥ
ûУɽǹŽ壬Ѿ֪ͨˣԼȥɣ
賤ɢϰˣҶ͵ɽ棬Լ֪㵽ȾȥˣҶԼȥ
û˷賤ϣҶ¹Ϲʱڣݣ֮أ﷢չٶҪݿϼٱ
ҲƬ½һ춯صǿߣţϵȻ̵Ĵ
﷨̣ǿռ侧ڣΪݿ򣬿ռ侧ޱȼ̣ܵķҲǿ
ޱƼңҶ㲻пƼ棬ƾһ˴ŵҵǷ츳ֱﵽ˸߶ȡ
ܴԪΡޱȳɽһɽ壬γ˾Ź֮ƣߴɣÿһɽɢȵĹâͷųʥϢ
ԶԶһҶֲ׺һĸоƼȣԼԵССϡ
գۼĹҶ㴩һͨҪŽӰӣǸߵɵɽ壬һǱɽľҡֱϡ
ɽɽҲ㾧Ө͸ΰΡ룬ȪٲΣдϷӣ˷ǹŽ塣
罣ԽԽͣһ޽ڵϡ
˿Ҷʦܣ
ҶŽ巶ΧʱһСӰӳˣҲͶʮ꣬һ֮ɫƺʮˣСĳҶ㺰
ǣ֪ʦ֡
Ҷ㱧һȭʮֿ
ҽԺҶʦܣͺʦ־ˣ滹λʦ֣ԺǹŽʦֵˡ
ЩС˷ܣ⼸һֱĸʦֵܣʮּįڶһˣȻˡ
ʦܼʦ֡
Ҷ㻹ǱȽעر֣ű磬ҶȻʦܡ
ʦܲҪʦֵܼˣƽʱʱûЩڣʹʦȥ
ҶʮֿʾҶһЩ
˵꣬ǳŽȥ
վס
Ҷת뿪ʱŮˣסҶȥ·
£̤ѥٶ죬ģᣬеĿʣŮƯ˲Ŀ
㡭Ҫʲô
ˣЩ£Ȼ
µӣҶһȻƺЩףΪ˵賤˵ĸͽܶǼƷʲô˼ˣԾȻҲܽƼҡ
ҿ̻ķûС
ıʮ⣬СǵСҲ֪賤Ͼôˣ˻Ϊӡ
ǸǸܶռ룬ԡ
˵ʮСģۿ
ⲻǽڣ첻ѷóǲҪζ
һƺҶ㳹ˣΪҶҲһ·ɫ
ҶƳһʦ֣ɫǵͨ죬Ļȴֲҷֻܽ촽ŭԡ
Ҷʦܣ߰ɣҪǣ
ҧҧҶҪϹŽ壬ˣʦˣû뵽ˡ
ȵȣʦҪǸߣɱʦַˡ
ðһɿµƣѹ
λʦ֣ʦѾ˵úˣûռȫΪλҪͱˡ
ҶЩȥˣǺǿӲϾԷʱ΢
ʲôȻҲҲԣ
Ҷ˵ŭҶ㷢йµƾҪѹҶ㡣
ߣ
Ҷһߣʧ
Ҷʦ֣Ҫ£
Ҷ䣬Ҷ㲻ҪЩˡ
ʦ֣׷ʲô顣
Ҷֻ÷Żʵһۿܿһ֮ˣô
˵
̾ϢһҶ㴫ȥҶˣϸһ˿ɱ
ԭǡ񡷵ĺᣬϹʱڣΪÿ棬ӵԳ֮Ϊ
ֻʱǨʼֻʣһѪϡ


921 ȶ
ϲϲ̻һЩҲһ
ȥɽɱһͷޣҪһЩס޼ʱ䣬Ѿüˡ
ÿһ˵ʱ䲻ǲϲ룬ٴǶϣϽ̻
ѿ̻ˣԺɧţϧ޵ķ̫ϡȱڵ޷̻
ôΪΪˣһһΣڷŭˡ
֪ȥҶΪСʦֲֵҲ˼Ұ£ǿӲһҲʲôö
ʦ֣߰ɣ
֪ȥҶÿһۣǣɽȥ
վס
һγŭˣһƣҶǰ֮Уǽ֮ɫģӢֻɫʮ̶ִ
һλᣬÿ
Ҷʼ䣬££Ž壬Ȼ顣
˭ѵҲǹŽĵӣ
ʱҶ㣬Ҷûκӡ
λʦյĵӣʦ֣ʦѾˣѵ㲻ʦǷ𡣡
첱ӣǸҶˡ
ԭǷ賤յĵӣȻһ޶˼伫Ʒ
ͻȻЦЩ˿ʼŸͣŽѾĸƷֶһ
ЦЦ˾͸ҹ
ЦӣҶɱԽԽԡ
ܺãǵһô˵ˣˣϷˣҲ޷㡣
żʮӵ棬Ҷѵ⣬ɱ⼸۳ʵʡ
Ҷʦܣǻ˰ɣҪˡ
С˵
ԼλʦСģκη֮ɫҶҡͷ̾ϢλʦҲ̫ˣԷȻֶܿء
ʦ֣ȻʦǲżƼңǲӦϤһƼҵĹء
֮Уһ˳ŵЦ⣬˵
ûȻµӣȻҪϤϤء
¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ʋţ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǹŽ壬ݲҰ
˵ĹأȻȻڸ˲پ֮ɫҶ˵ͷﻹһЩѪС
ҹ֣
ղ˵ĽƲţϴŲ֮һͲһˡ
Ŷҵ֪ƼҶĵӶʲôء
ҶϷЦ⣬˭ҲҶʲôҶЦԽ֤еɱҲԽԽŨ
ᣡ
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ҲǺнģҪϵİ֮֮Դ֮֮ȵªϰһľԺС
ƲģȺеļŮЦĻ֦չЦǰغԭϷŪҶ㡣
Ⱔᣬһķӣ԰
Ҷ˵ͷƺͬƲŵ˵
ǿɲǡƲһ⣬Ҫ˵ԼͻȻһʹ˳ȥһƳˡ
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ƲһѪ׵ĸͷƵãݶ³üš
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쵰ƲűһԴ죬׷ŭˣޱȵļС
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˶סˣΪһϵж̫죬ͲǷӦĻᣬҪ
Ҳû뵽ƲžȻ˲һֵûУҶĹ֮£һݣֱӱˣš
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ؼʱ̣Ҷ㣬ĺȵȻսȦгҶʮָжû뵽СʦֿСڹؼʱ̣ûԼߣԼһ
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˵Щƽʱһȴ˭һ۾ܿҶԲӣ
෴һֵıǻҪ񣬻ҪݣǿᣬһԵ㹻ݣɾ
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Ҷ˫磬һɺ˵ӣһѪ˳Ҷѽ˳ȥѪҺ˿С
Ҷ޺Цݣܲ˴һ䣬һǰһһɱ˲գ۵ħͷ̫ˡ
ѱѪģֱҶ㶪˳ȥֱſڵϣʶģѵ˫ۣɳƵĵͺҲŹģᡭԲᡭ
Ҷһâһ˿ɱӿ֣Ǻܿ죬ҶɱʧƼңһӿԣɱˣ϶Լ鷳ʱҶ㻹鷳
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ˣԺǾһˣ̸ʲôллߣȥλʦ֡
ԲҶλʦڴ˶һҶ뿪ƼңҲЩΪ顣
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һ·֮ϣܶ࣬Щ겻ܸ˵ػʹһԵ˵˳ѰҶ㵱֪Խġ
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Ҷʮֲ⣬賤ʵɲ⣬Լ裬Ϊβվɵһδ衣

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ڶСһֻڴָʱˣҲֱҶѾоСѲԶˡ
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Ǽֻ밲ûΪͷ룬ԼȻĶԷһδεıƹڴǵĵߡ
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֮У޾ɱ⣬ĽУһɺεɱڳɫһ䡣
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ʦܣλǣ
ҶΪʦ֣׳˽һɻѡ
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ҶէڲԱʮ򣬲˶ʶ
λƺ죬ǧɽŵӣĽ۱ǧɽӣ¡
һһܣʮȫһ֣Ϊ׵ľƺ죬ǧɽŵӣλߣγӵӶʧܡ
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ˣ
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Ҷܿƺ룬ǼɵԼǲǻˣòʵ˵ⷬӲʩ
㾴ƲԳԷˣ
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˵һΣǸŽĶԹκϽСԼ
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ƺʮһֱΪҶɽӣԭҲǹŽĵӣɭȻһЦָͻȻһ㣬Ҷ㹥

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գۼĹҶצֱץּ죬Ƽֱļ£һɼȿµϢ񣬵ȵ£δƿҶƣ˵֮УҶεĽץ֮С
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ƼҪˣ
һ˵Ž˰ʱ䣬ͻȻô飬һʮʮ٣ܿ촫Ƽҡ
ʮŵӣˢˢĹڹŽǰֱ춯ء
ã۴賤Լڣ˿һִ˽ͷ˵˼䣬˻顣
鵽˽賤ϣ鷳ϽȥһˣŽ巢һЩ飡
üͷ嵽һ˻÷賤Ȼȥ


925 ̤
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ǰŸջص˼壬յϢ·ϣ鲻ǺܺãϾƼֻ˳ɹڼҡ
żͻȻվԭأһɻ֮ɫæǰʵʲôˣ
£ĺ°

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ͻȻЦǵЩӷ׷פۿʲôʱ򿴵˴Ц
ͲҪˣ˵׷ʲô顣
̲סˣæʵ
콫յͨѶϢһһʮ˵˳ƻԼЩӣһֱ˼顣
żϲ棬һƷϵһŵӣڽɽ֮ǰ˼ŵӵĶ⣬öʮŵӹڹŽϡ
һ鱻˳ϱ仯˲ϰٴΡ
̻ƺ׼ˣֻܷЦҲֻСӣŵôҲֻʵ
ŽΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ⳡƼҼǧ궼һΣʮŵһҶǰ⻭棬̫𺳡
һʱ֮䣬Ƽҷণһ磬ϯ壬ŵţܿ촫ӵӶ
ЩӵֻǵһЦȻҶֶǿ󣬸ӵȣЩСҼҰˡ
׳弸ҲɵˣСʦֶܵγ𾪡
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Щ˿ƺ֮Ҷߵ׳弸ǰһһ
׳弸ޱȣСʦܲ˹ŽΣǽһ򾡣ǹȪǰڣСʦܾȻ͡
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ãͽܴӦսˣǽ죬֮ӵսʱһ£ۣ
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ãҾʱ䣡
˫նˬĴӦˣʱ䣬һξͻȥţʱ䣬Ҷܳɳصز
һܿƽϢŽŵĶʮ˷׷׳弸ɽ壬ŵƨ
ǧɽ˫ն뿪ЩֵĵҲ׷ȥŽָƽ
Ʋ֮ϣ䣬賤ϿԼӣû˵ֻǴڵĺžƣ׳弸ƺʦŵò˵
ĸҹȥúֱ˹Ž
Ҷĳ֣ĸ賤ҲЩŭ


926 ӻ
˸ϽĻصԼĶȫȥˣһѣûʵ綼Ϊ⡣
ǰʦ𱣻Щ˻Ŀŵǽ쿴˱仯
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賤϶Ҷְֺޣϲֵġ
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ҶСĵĻش֪賤϶ΪǺá
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˵꣬賤ӸҶһö
ˣͽķҲ̵֪ǲ࣬һлҪԼúɣ
賤뿪ˣɽֻʣҶһˡ
ʦƫģȻ̫ľ
ڷ賤뿪һյʱ䣬׳弸˾ȻԶɽ˳
Ͳˣ̫ľ˶Ǽ˲ϲȻ̫ľÿ𣿡
ʯ쿳ʦ˵
û
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λʦ֣ˡʦܲ⣬̫ľѵʲôĵط𣿡
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Ҷʮ𾪣ʦһۺ죬ôĸԼˡ
ʦֵܼĵúܻһֱĵΪֹҶҲ˹Ž״
ŵӣÿ¼嶼еҩţɽϵԴժȡЩҩҶʾҪ֮⣬Ǽ˻ҪҶԲɼƵҩ
ȪǼҲò˶٣ҶԽȪ°빦Ҫ̷ҩõĶöࡣ
ڹ似ȥȥѡŵһ˿ѡһ׹似
䱦޷˶Ҷһ顣
дԴȥ䱦ȡҪı
Ҫޣȥ޷һͷޣΪԼİޡ
ԴҩȪ似Ҷȱˣν·أҶһȱΨһǷȱľʵ
һʱ䣬Ҷӽ壬һϵ˷飬Ľ˼ʣҲ˳ޡ
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ҶˣһΪһ
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Ϊʱİ취𣿡
Ҷ㵱Ȼ߸ףɱûãȻܻɱ˫նԱӦû⣬Ǹ׵ĹģҶ㻹Ȼܡ
ΪҵĹϵ⣬ڼԺҪ棬֮ͨѶʲôңⱻƷ֣ǳ
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ԺսжİգûаգҿԴеͣȡս
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һö֮ʯҿգ
óһöɫʯͷȭͷС溬ŨĽء


927 
أҶ۾⣬Լзӡڻȱٽظˮأ˸ʯͿ׵۳ӡ
ԥʯսָ棬ĺöǿ
㻹Ҫʲôԣҵ԰Ū
俴Ҷ£¶Ц⡣
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֪ܲŽ˼꣬Դ׻òʲôõĶȻǴܶõԴȴʮ֮١
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ף֪̫ľ𣿡
ʱ׳Ǽ˵Ȿʮ棬ҶƺǺԳʵ
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˵ˣһһħˣΪͬ˶һǧ꣬ϧ˭Ҳκβ˭ǧ궷ñ˴˶˽˶Է壬˾Ȼȡ֮ȥ̣֮ƪ䡣
Ѿȥܾãǳľã㵱ʱĽ׻ûгҲǵ;˵
Ǻأ
ܶǧ꣬ҶҲ𺳣˲֮Ǿӡ
ֻǧ꣬˲٣̶˷ԼĶȣֱֵһᣬ˸޹ϵǰΪһ𡣡
˵ĽҲòǣΪһµĹȻϳǰΪǣ˶Ҷţ˾Ƿӡ
֮ڰʱ䣬ֻص˵ľ磬ٴ̤۷壬ϧ۷ûжãһʧˣʧ
ĽҲ˵ȥǽߵأ׹ȱݣ
Ȼʧˣ鱻ھˣ侹Ȼðʱ䣬۷壬ٶȣۺ죬ڷ壬ҵƬķƪʱ䣬ɽ磬磬硭ǻȳһ磬ΪⱾ䣬ϧ˺ʱ򣬱ֳݣӴʧؼ䡣


928 ޼᲻
Ľ׽ϸϸһ飬һʱȫꡣ
ô֪䣿
Ҷʮֺ棬Ľô֪
ʵҵˣҲǽҴ䷲ǸҲᣬõһƪƺ߼
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ҶԣܸܲӦ嶼һδ֪ܣȻҶҪҲ仨ˮ顣
ĽҲ˵ʲôЩദȻ֪ҶԼİ⣬һ飬ȻʮͷҲ
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ƽĿ£һ꼴٣嫴󺣣ȫƽˣһ˿˶ûУĿ¡

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Ԫϴ֮Ҷ崫ĸоʧı׶˳ײ
ڴʱҶ꺣֮ĳصĵطͻȻһ£Ȼħ֮УҶ꺣֮еŽ⣬ҲҶ꺣ġ

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ÿһͻƾ磬͸УҶҪййҪ
ʱҶҪоԼԪȫһ𣬴ûϤԼ
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ҶԼһ壬սҪǰǿࡣ
öʯҶÿ׵۳ӡԼ׵۳ӡУٴһ
ֻȭͷСĸʯ溬еĽطǳŨҶоִʹĸо޼᲻ݣȻ۷壬Ȼ̳ӡ
ҪһЩĲˣȻħűͻͣͲǰ
Ҷ˷䣬ٳûжûкʵĻᡣ
·𱻼ˣɫԪݱ޾Ľڵ֮Уһ޴ĳ
ǱСʱѻΪ޽ڽ֮УӿҪ忪ľڣ񷡣
˫ֿʼӡзӡתͼһ˿µӡ֣Ҷ㾳ԽԽߣзӡҲ
Ҷ㣬壬ǵҸ˵似ʵ壬ֻǿ似һ棬У㵽ɽ磬Ȼף似òˣսֶΡ
Ľ׸ҶѣϣҶһЩ·ǰ壬綼ߵһ죬ĽţҶһ죬̤ɽ硣
壿
ҶѾǵһϧ򵽰֮ѣȻ˶
޼᲻ݣѵҪҲ޼᲻ݵ
Ҷ֮ţͷͨƺץһЩ
û޼᲻ݣ
صİ壬޼᲻ݣƳ޼᲻ݵҶĽƺһߵľ磬һ޼᲻ݵ
һ£һ£߲Ტۣͺñȣ֪ؾܲͻƣһ¡
ҶҲżڵ֮вϵ飬ֶϣҵ޼᲻ݵİ塣
ƯϵĸʯһСĽʧҶҲһµͼΣǰ׵۳ӡ
ǹŽ壬Ҷʱ֪׵۳ӡֻܵԺʩչˡ
ΪɶҾͲܽ׵۳ӡɱ¾߽֮ϣǾܴﵽ޼᲻ݵĵزˡ
ҶһԴһֱΪзӡǵʩչûںϡ
ɱ¾֮һ˰׵۳ӡУӵ޼᲻ݵ˽صļӳ֣ɱ¾֮ޱȡ
ĽװﲻæֻҶԼ򣬵˺ڣȻʦҲֻԼָ㣬ܶණҪԼȥ
ͣ
ָһ㣬һɫĽˣֱӴ͸˳ʯţɽ档

ʯͻȻһУɽ棬ԼĻޣ죬ޱȣȻأҲ޷һۼ
ǡ
ʯ쿿ŻǰһĴָСָᣬö޿ǻܾʱˣɹܿصս
ʯ쿵ͻȻҲҶ㣬Ҳ׷״Ӷ֮г˳Ϊٴ
ʯǷϵڵ棬Ҷ㻹׳弸˷׷ȥ
ʯʦ֣ʲô𣿡
ǰʵ
ʯ쿵˵ͷָͷָָ޵زҶ˹ȥÿһĴָСᴩޡ
ôܣ˭ôϬĽֱӶޣ
׳֮ɫתӣվ޺棬˳ָķÿҶ㶴ʯϵһָγһƽߡ
Ҷʦܣ⡭
ֳɵӶܿˣҶһƽ͸ʯţʯ쿵Ļ޸ˡ


929 ɱתϲ
ΧҶ㣬ǿһСʦܸ̫ľϲˡ
ղһʱʧ֣˷֮࣬ͷһʯʦ֣ԣҿ԰ѰһЩϡ
ҶЩ˼ʱһҪĲϣʮǮûԸȥôĶ
һƥ֮ͬУ޵еĴڡ
ʯʦ֣
׳ͻȻֻ޳һЩ仯ڲǵҶĻ
ʯ쿲һվܵǰʼ飬ֻͻȻˡ
ˣˣ
ʯͻȻЦڵϲϵķҶ׳弸֪ʲô顣
ǸǸʯʦֲΪޱƻԼ˰ɣ
С˵ʯڵϷΪˡ
ŷˣȫˣ
˵Լˣʯһ赸ҲܿʦֵܼԼˣʮǢ˵أҶϡ
Сʦܣлл̫ллˣҵĶ˰
ʯҶǰһһٰʮȵĹʮϵ˵
˵Ҷ㣬˶ˣʯ쿵׷ʲô񾭲ղǷȫˡ
ʦ֣Ҫʦһܡ
ʯ쿵ӣҶЩ̣ҪΪԼһƽʦַˣҶھһӡ
һʯˡ
ǲΪķ˰ɣ
˵˵ͷ
һǸǽɣȻһΪҷˡ
ʯϵЦ⣬֣
Щһֱоޣ⣬һֱͷȻȴ޷ʹñбȴòһ
ʯһһ˵֪ʲôܣڲĶ˵Ҷ㣬׳Ƕ֪
Сʦܽ͸һľϲƽҺüţֻҪڻزװһţÿ͵޵ܣһֱҿް취ñСʦײƽˡ
˵ʯ쿲ҪЦʱҲΪҶһƽҵ˻޴ڵȱݣʯ쿲ֱʧ̬
Ǿ͹ϲʦˣ
Ҷһϲû뵽Լһ֮٣Ȼʯ쿣ҶҲʮָˡ
СʦܣǹŽĸǣ˵Ҹôлأ
ʯַˣҶôһ£ȴ֪ôл
Ҷĵһ쿪ʼŽͷ˷츲صı仯ǻвȪռӾ˼λʦһ
󽫹ŽЩǰĲǻȫϳȥŵ죬Ͱʯ⣬һжһйϵǾҶ㡣
ܰʦ֣ʦܵĸʦ־ͲҪ˵ˣǱ˴֮䣬Ҫô𡣡
ϵĸлҶˣҶ㵱Ȼȡ
׳˵˵ͷȻǶҶӡ󲻻Ͼʶʱ䣬Ҷ㲻˽⣬ͨ飬ǳ׽Ҷ㡣
˵öԣʦֵ֮䣬ͲҪôнˣȻСʦܳˣӦҲΪСʦܽӷϴֲһĲִ١
һֻǼۣҶˣúõľһۡ
ã鲻ȥժһЩ
˵˳ȥȥɽժһЩȥˡ
ȥһЩЩҿ˼ʮ꣡
׳ȥ׼ˡ
ȥ׼һЩҰζ֤ʳ󿪡
ʯȥ׼ҰζȥˣŽ޷ǳ֮࣬Ծ͵ȡġ
Ҿȥ׼һЩİɣ
˵꣬Ҷʾȥ׼ȥˣֻҶһУɶҲ׼Ǽ׼׵˦ƹ
һʱ䣬ɽ嶥Ͼ׼˸ʳڷ׼õϣ˱ǡ
ףǵСʦܼŽ壡
Ϊʦ֣׳ӣһҶ㾴ơ
лλʦʦ㣡
ҶվƱһ
ЦӹŽ洫ȥ˼ĹŽ壬һһƬš
ʦܣƼҲкüˣȥЩرǼǧʣȫԳԽ档
ҶĽˣʮֿ£ǿ֪ʯ쿻޵ɾͱҶһƽ
ʦҲд㣬ȥ󿴿
ҶûиǣڽҶ㲢ҪصİνаӦսһ߱ʽ
ʦ֣ǿ֪Ѱҵ޾Ѫ
ϴսʧأû߱ʽûôһսҶʧԼڶԪ
Ҫ޾Ѫʲô
޾ѪʮֿɲҲ˵һЩǲûнӴ
ʦֻǺ棡
ҶûнͣҲû׷ʣ˭϶ܣϵٺãҲὫԼܶȫ˵
ֻսŻ֣ɱħͷܻȡ޾Ѫ
׳͵
Ǹǰս
ҵ޾ѪҶ˷һ޸ܴﵽصز
ɽ¾дֱӵִսܶϲȥսвԴħòȴǱ
׳ΪҶҪȥûȥ롣
ҶżƼҲãܶණȴҪѧϰλʦֳʦ䷳ĸҶ͡
ʦܣ֮Ҫ˫նսмɰգ
ʯ쿳ҶʵҶСʦܷǳȻϣ¡
ɰհɣ
ҶҲеףɰѾǳĸˣ˭֪˫նܲͻơ
УǿҪսҲˣҪ
ʱ˵ϣҶ㲻Ҫðա
϶УʦӣҲһͻ䣡
ҶҲ⣬Ȼ֪һƬ⡣
ûʱ䣬ǹŽԴСʦܾȥãȡʱ䣬硣
׳ΪҶ˵ûʱǵӵ棬Ҫܾ϶ˡ
лλʦˣ
Ҷʾлɽ֮ϣȪ֮⣬õľҩˣҶƳöҩͻơ
ͻƵأҶȫԸ˫նһսԷؾҶϽһս֮
һֱȵڣŷ׷ȥԻص˶Ҷϥ£ϵľȫʧ
䣬ѸƽԪᴿϵᴿ
ͻػһʱ䣬ԪĴȲ޷硣
أֻһ֮ңҶ㲻ᴿԪȫԽ룬ҶֹͣͻƵĽŲϵᴿԪ
һҹʱ䣬ܿȥ˵˫ۣȵʱҲһ꣬Ҳꡣ
ɫһҶ㰴ռλʦֵָ㣬ǰ󣬴Ѱķ
ףӡǳ֮ҶֿбɽȴõĸоԼ̻ܿƣȴãֱһּ˷ѡ
ڸɽ֮䣬Ҷ㲻Сʱʱ䣬λԵһɽ壬ͽ
˵⣬Ҷ֮УΪŵӣֻܽ㣬ڵĲֻӵӲܽ룬ֻм峤ϻ洫ӷܽ롣
ǰڷŵĶ࣬ñȵ㣬ֻǧǰУֻеӵӣʽȻҪ似㵹Ҳв٣ʮȫ档


930 
ֱ㣬ûҶֳܵľ֣һ޴̺ںϿգƯţÿһţһѧؼ
̺ǳ֮ǱٳĿռ䣬޴̺һߣĹƯ
ҪѡõĹ似ҪЩӵ츳ʵԽǿʶ̽ĸԶӴõĹ似
һɨҲвٵӴУϥ£ɢʶ̺֮ϣѰԼʺϵĹ似
ҵһƫƧҶʶһɢȥʶһ룬Ϣɢ
似࣡
࣡
࣡
࣡

̺һͼΣ徹ȻҲЩѰԼĶ
֣ʮй似ѰԼҪģһһϦ飬Լ˷ࡣ
ǹ似䱦޵ȵȣﶼֺˡ
Ҷʶ뵽˷̺࣬ƫҵλãʮƫƧ˼٣ҶӦʶ
ǹ似෽ʶݺύܶԪڹ۲ͬһֹʶϽ棬˭ҲϷ
ͬ似̫ˣ龭ᵼ´֡
ʶڷ򲻶εҶ㽫񶨸ࡣ
кö֣һЩϴзľˮ֮ĹڵһλҪ̻ͨ˿Կ̻
ͨķǺܴЧһ㣬ͬҪҲǳ̣Ҫ̻һöϸϾͷǳĿֲ
Ҷͣ鼮ϣ׷ȫһ
ķϣйܡ
׷ֵǷһЩ򵥵÷ͷŷʱҲнģȻû˼ˣȰԼըˡ
ȫܸôʲôʲôĵصʹãΡ
˽ǰ漸ͿԳˡ
ԪŹȦסˣֱ˻صҶʮֹӡ
ǼǴڣҶ㽫˳
֮ڣҪͻݣй¶й¶ҹ洦ã
ȼĳʮ˵
ף
ӹҶ뿪ȼڣ׼뿪Ȼȥоо
վӿõ似㾹ȻҸǲǻĲͷˣ
ҶҪ뿪Լߣһŭ֣һֿӿڳԻһȡ
ͻȻĳЩѰԼҪ似ĵӣ׷˫ۣ߿
ҶҲ⣬ͣס˽Ų߿˹ȥֱ˺ȳԼϤҲǴӷ֧ĵӣҶͬһҲѡ似
ڵķ֧Ƽҹϵǳ䳡ʱ˫йٽ
ӦϵˣƢ꣬˸ͬһɣ½ӣŰ衣
幦˿ѡƾʲô˵׹Լ
Ե˵Ȼ½ӣҲԼİ
һСС½ӣҲҸҶ죬ɫƣΪЩϵӵɰ費ɡ
ӱ죬¶һ˿ɱ⣬ɷ˵һƾͳץޱȡ
Ȼڷ֧ŵӣǽڼңŵ֮䣬緱ǣҶ㶼ԳΪţӾȻʵ̤ؾ
ֻЦû˳ſֵı飬ԵĮһȫֳ
䣡
˶Խһƣ˳ȥ߻кܴĲࡣ
ۣ
Ҷ£һѪɫܿή
Ҷ㣬һЦ֮ɫȻҲʶҶ㡣
νǿԿĻԼ
Ҷ㽫˫̸һ·Ҳ˲٣ҲһֱˣȻҲɵЩƵӣҲԸ˵һ
Щ飬֪ΥȴҪȥѵ㲻𣿡
ҶƼңÿһ飬Ǿ춯أʱڰ̨ҶһķӻĿ
αأ
ҶЦһȻԼȡ
˭ӹŲһᣡ
Ҷ㽫˹һ֮ɫһƽʱаԵˡ
˴ˣѾҪˣǾͲҪͱˣΪֹɣ
ҶҲ£ƼңѾ˲ˣʵڲС
ʲôҲӵ£ϽҼβ͹Ȼһᣡ
ȻӲʶҶ㣬Ҳѹ֣Ҷ⣬ȴָñʶҶֻһˡ
һƼҵʮЩһӲһ棬ֻЩŵӣŻᱻǡ
ΣҶҲǲżƼңʮֻڰ̨ҴһƳ˶Ǵӷ֧ĵӣڹŽһսҶԶԶۿûпҶĿ
Ժܶӣֻ֪֪ˡ
ҵȷʲôҲùǵ£Ҳףķ蹷˭ųģ࣬ҧˡ
ҶŭˣԺƵ˵ȴԷ֮һ˿ɱɢ
СӣˣҲ˭ҿţֻһһɱڶ޿ιЩߡ
ֿһţпţԸţʵŵӣҲһЩλ
һԭҶ㲻ؾ۸˲˼
ţһвĻҶһ˵Ĺâֱ̿ţ࣬ԣҶһͿԻɱ֡
Ҷסˣ˿̲УǳͷҪУţף۸ھȻìͷԼ
ûʲôԥţˣһȭֱҶǰϮУºҪҪء
ǲ
ˣҶ֪ܲȥˣԷȻͰԼӣ
ͣ
Ҷָһ㣬һƽɫâ֣ף޼᲻֮âա

ͻȻ֮䣬ţԼȭͷڵϲϵĳ鴤
һĿ⳯ţϿȥȭͷϳһѪĴָϸѪӿȻֹס
⣬ǿĽ⣡
˷һҶĽƻܣȻ޷ֹѪҺ
ʹˣ
ţǿ񱩵ķţڵϲϰ̶һУͱҶ㽣ˣ¿ţԸͻȻ壬ǿվӣ˼˵ֱۣһҶ㿳
һѵȻ֪
ţȭͷҶֻǸһѵʱˣ˿Ȼָû뵽ԷмԼ飬ɱ֣Ҷ棬ɢһɺȻâ
ҹ
һȣһֱ֣ն˿ţ壬屻ɳȥȻҶ½Ƕմ
վҶߵ𾪵ԸӣҪ֮ǰȣҶǿʮСӵôġ


931 
̶һҶ㽫ţɣһĿ˿ڳˣڿţǰزλһ߳˿ڣɲѪӿ
ڽһԴ
Ҷø˾˵һ䣬˵ɱţԺ֮УֱӴһ䣬տڲ
ЩĿ⣬Ҷ뿪ʧ֮С
Ҷ뿪ãһ߻˫ۣҶıӰ
ϷӵЩˣȻΪһӣȥչƺһ٣
˵꣬˫ۣȥˡ
صԼɽ壬ղŵ֮Ժ󣬻صԼĶóö򣬽Ϣȫա
Ϣ꺣֮УãõȵȣҪĲϡ

ЩϢ֮Ҷ³һһ׵顣
ռϣʮֿ̣ƾһöҪ޾Ѫдϣʮ
ĲҲʮϡ٣Ҫľֽʲſԣȱ˵ƾⴿľһֺĲϣгϼ۸Ȼ
ѶԽߣŸս̫򵥣˶Կ̻˭ȥֱӶԴ
Ȼ˽һϧҶûвϣ޷Ҫԣֻȥ취ռϡ
һҶӶ߳ÿ룬ƺҪ뿪Ž塣
ʦҪȥ𣿡
Ҷһк
ǰСʦܣҪȥǹһЩϣ˳㿴ǵķʲôʱʼ
Сʦܣʮ־ηûԼҪȥ˵һ顣
Ŷǻзʦϸ˵һ𣿡
Ҷʮֺ棬ôд
ʦ֪½ƫţ㿴Ǽʦ֣һǮҵЩҵҲǳ㣬رһܴﵽ߼ʦڼĵλˮǴߡ
Ҷ͡
Ҷ˵ͷޣǮҵûһĵ̣޷֧š
ĸʦ֣ռݹŽȻλã¸޷άȥ
Ժܶ๫ȻΪԲǧһǳأλ˿ƼңһҷᣬŻһЩ츳̻ܿӣÿڣһηǰƸΪӣ̵֮
ʦܶȤϲĽЩ̫¼ˣĸˣĸĿ꣬Է̸Ҳȥͺñȶţһ
֪ˣʮָˣԼ֪ʶһԵ˵˳
ȻƼңȥμӷĿԣⲻǱѵ廹һ
Ҷˡ
᲻ʳòμκʽˣᷢһöƣ۸ƷϣҪֻ̻м빫ᣬܽӴķҲ̻ȡϵ;
ٴν͵
ûѵͣôѵǼ룬۸ַϣĺ£
Ҷʳɻ֮ĺ·
СʦܹȻ͸ѹʦӡҶһۿؼ͵
ᣬֻһҪԺ̻ķ뽻ɷԴǳȡɡ
𰸣Ҷ˵ͷȻˣᣬһĳģҪΪ˳ȡԴ
ṩԴһṩֻǿ̻ԴҪ㷺ܶ࣬㶫ߣﶼܹõ
̻ľ޴󣬺ܶʦ̻󲿷ֶȥֻмһԼʹãᣬܳȡԴֱһ
ʦǲǾúܳԿǰǰͰæµˣԼʲôҲò
ܿҶ룬ΪһΣҲôġ
ܳɹᣬܵ۵ŻݣܹĸƷƼҶԷ֪֮٣Ҫ˽ֻܼ࣬ᡣ
ҶˣԼҪڷһնֻнſԡ
ȻʦҪȥǣʦ£ʦһͬǰʦÿԿ۽磡
ҶҲȥ
ѵʦܶԴȤھͳ
ҶҲȥֹʮָˣΪҶϲԺҲͬˡ
Ҷڴƽ׶ΣÿҪ飬ᴿԪҶڵվߣȥᴿԲҪ
似棬Ҷʱûͻƿڣаʽٳûд򿪣Ҫزſԡ
һ·УʵһأȫԽǻɱ
ǻ꺣֮ЩƣҶҲ׵ȥԣϾʱҶֻҪҵϣ̻ܿ
˺ܿ˹Ž壬ƼΧȥǾûзݰŸ·ҲҪСʱ䡣

ˮ壬һ֮У׻˫ۣһǿɢһƬɫ磬岻Ťֺüͷ­ʮֹ졣
Ҷ㣬ڽѪɹڣ
׽ˮ壬õ˺ܶԴʱ䣬ͻơ
֮ϣһ֮УУˣֱǼص
ڰؾǿʲô
ףʵ
ֻأؾ϶ȷѪ꣬ҿһλǲһЩʵǺǿĵǰȥҲһ
һϵ˵
ҿӦɳŵǰȥŶԣҲһֻоѪ𣬲ܸõĳɳ꿪һΣصĽɶҲ֮ѵ𣿡
һվҶԲߡһһ
ûпڣֻһͷȥ磬ԼֻҪ𰸼ɡ
ƼڼһؾҲһζĻᣬҽĵǰһõɴУƼҿ϶ֺܶྪž֮
һλзĳվ˳һҪڷչȥһζıвͨģҪ߳ȥ
³˵ûҲôģʮŷ׷׳Ŀҫ۵ĵӣ壬Ľ֮ӣƼĿǰΪֹδ֣ǳȥһˣҲܴĿǰĸ֣
˵ͷȻϣԼ˥ȥһҪƼ۷磬ǰƼҿ֮ףݣֻΪ֮ĩ

һ·֮ϣҶҲż·γŻȥ
СʦܣһᵽǣʲôҪʦ˵һʦֿ԰㹺򣡡
ŽʱҶһæһֱҪ飬ûлᣬȥǣᡣ
ʦܾͶлʦˣ
Ҷ֪⼸ʦָǿҪԼԴҪ񣬵ȻֻܾǾ磬ʵҶҡҡͷǲϲкܴĹϵ


932 
Ҷ֮УΰĽ֮С
ʹúīɫʯɣӵϢɣС
ֵԣ¥̻иʺңԵʱ䣬ҲԵÿһʹã۸Ȼ
Ҷ㵹¹һνһȻҲ棬ǰĴǸȣֱֵһᡣ
ƾĽͿƼκһ¥۰ƻңƼңԪңһĽǵأĸΨһһŦ
ҪȥĸطǱؾ֮أǵķ˿κһС
Ҳ߻ӣƼһǰƻңԪңԼһţ棬ǵԴΪԼ¡
ϧ˭ҲûθڣԲһǣĸȻҲֻǾӪԼļҵЩ굹Ҳల£ˮˮ
СʦܣȥпûҪҹĲϣȥᣬ㿴ɲԣ
Ҷ
ȻˣǾʦֵİţ
ǣҶһ㲻ϤԼϹ䣬һֻͷĲӬҲҲǲѡҶĿģϤ
ãھȥУÿĩǶһηнףߣ۸ƷҪĿ飬Ҳ껹飬ͿԼ۹ˡ
һ߳ȥҶ͡
ҶҲΣСͷУûж̾ĸȻĽǵأ߱أһСˡ
ȵҶ㵽˷еڵʱ򣬱ǰľ󳹵׵һѣоȻһǳشСҪǹ䣬һҲ䲻ꡣ
СʦܣҲż䣬ⷻвҹһ죬Ӧܹһ󲿷ˡ
Ҷ㾪ȵӣҲ֣һҪҶ㻹Ҫ𾪣Ҷֻ֮һ˿ȶѡ
߰ɣ
ҶһͷȺ֮УΪʱǰˣΪ˼ˣһǰŲ
һǿϢҶ㲻̾ԽӽݺģԽ࣬ʵǳ¡
ڷ֮УҶ㼸ӦصϢͶء
Ȼؾߣ󶼰滤һĳЩߴ߳Ĺү
ŮŮɫɫҶǰһζ
ǲݣϺõǲݡ
似һӣҲûˡ

ߺּۻҶֻ򣬳ǵĶܶԼõĶϳԪԪûжٶˡ
ڰаŮڱչأǬԪԪҶֻܳϱȥ֮ҪһЩԪԪˡ
һʱǳ˼ΣĶǿ̻ĲϣҶ㱾Ҳ֣ϧЩȼ̫ͣǺǿ⣬ֻ̻ܿôͼ
Ҷ˼ǲǸôһЩʦȻСǶԼȷʵ
ҡҡͷҶ뻹ˣÿ˵·ͬҶܿˣ֮ԵڻµµΪʱδ
λʦҶҲܸоδдˣȻʦҲѡǣֻǽӻڵ£һ죬âɡ
Ҷ㣬ȥǸ̯λҸоϢһö̾ܽ𣡡
ĽͻȻҶ㴫ӦϢҶ͹һöĵû뵽Ϣ
ҶƹȺĽָ̯λ̯һʮҵӣüĿ㣬ƺЩɫɷףһڲж񼲡
ɢɢڷʮÿһģⷽԲʮֻ̯̣壬Ƕû˵ĵط
Сʦܣ㿴ʲôˣ
Ҷפۿʮ߹޵Ѱʲôʵ
ôģ
˵ҶѰң˵ĽڸӦܿҶ㽫ĿⶨһöƬϣֻаƴСǳۣ滹մ
ʮԪԪ
̯һ
ôȥö߹ޣȻҪʮԪԪѹû˹ˣ
Ҷ㻹û˵˵ˣƶ͸ҪôʮԪԪļ۸
һڼۣҪ뿪Ҫ⣡
ʮָ߰ü֮䣬Ҷܿһָ߹Ϣʲô飬һ䵽ڵ̯ĵز
ѿֱĿ죬㲻Ҫ⣬öƬҪˣ
ҶæͣɲΪһ仰ԷԼˣǾ͵òʧ
ҪֹҶ˰֣ûи˵ĻᣬҶѾƬսԼĴָóʮöԪԪ
̨ôƺƬﻹûУ
֮Ҷû뿪Ǽʵ
ĽݣƬﻹһЩڼҪԸȥȥ
̯Ҷƺӡ󲻻ƬһѨ֮ڳģ⼸Ҳ˲٣ʣࡣ
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ҶеȲˣҪھȥ
Уҽ̯λѣ뿪ʣҪ֮ȥҼң
̯Ľݾܾ˰̯λѣһط뿪ˣǳʡ
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ƬһҶ㲻ɱ¾֮ܲȫȡĽ̯
ˣҲϲʩᣬҼҵĵַҪ֮ȥҡ
Ľֱ̯Ӿܾ֮Уһ˿߰棬ϲʩĸо
ã֮һŰݷã
ҶӦˣӹַת뿪
СʦܣΪЩƬ˸Ȥ
⡣
Ȼȥʱڸ㣬Ǽɣ
ҶһЦûн͡
Сʦܣ㲻Ľ̯ʲһ㣬һͲǰڵ̯֮ˣǰ϶ҲǷǸü֮䣬ֵĸ֮߰
߸Ҷ˵
Ҳˣ
ҶΪֻԼˣû뵽ʦҲˣĽ̯Ͼһˣô䵽ڷŵ̯ĵز
Ҳûй½ɫɫ̫ˣҲ˼ֻһ°ڵ̯ĸо
ҿ֤ǲУǲʶǻȻ
һ޴źˣһȽϴӽҪӸһڣڷźܶණ
Ҳȥ
ǱȽϲ֣˶Ǳ߿£Ҳ˹ȥʲôˡ
ҶǰֻԶԶĿţϰڷŲƷбҲаڷźõӦöǹؼ֮ġ
ǻһЩɢޣûɣֻԼУҪȡõĹ似оõѡ
ЩؼԵҲڷһЩɢСıʣֽţЩǿ̻õġ̵̯ĿƷ٣Ҳʮҡ
̯ιѾ˿˺ü׷ᣬʱ䣬ϵĶͼһ룬λ̯óĺ׵õҵϿɡ
Щ̯λĿ飬һЩ棬ʮֳ¾ɵӣʮϵ


933 ƻ
һյʱ䣬̯Ķʣ޼ֻȼΧ۵ҲȫɢȥҶǰһյأԼȥˡ
ߵǰֻ˻û뿪ϣʣµĶԵԼı
ϰ壬öǺôģ
һö糤ҵıʷ棬ֻбʷ棬ޱǲȱĺıʣһ㲻˹
ȥҲ̻ܿҪ´һöſԣܲܽʷںϵһ𣬾ͲΪ֪ˡ
ҪҪ˵ߣһԪԪûб
ϰ嵹ʮʹ죬ǰЩ˲ԪԪʣЩдƷͼۡ
ãҪˣ
˵꣬ҪóԴȴһֻס
ֻʷҪˣҹһȥ
ǰһ߳߸ߵӣҪҪ߳һԴһ񱩵Ϣʮֲ
öʷȿϵģ
ЩСȻʶӡ
˺Լ֣عͷ˹
ҵ˭ԭƾҲ빺öʷ棬Ȱ㻹Ǽβ͹ȥ
¶ЦżĿܲѺá
㡭
˵ӷʶġ
ȥʱһμӷ飬˳ΪһԱʧܣѾʧܣδܽ롣
һŵӣƼȻ֪Ƽҵӣѹûз
ϰѾˣƾʲôҪһţ
һǿӲ˲٣öʷо治һ㣬һԴооԼһкܴİ
Լ̲ˣٲݹҲˣ
ץסʷ治Ϸ֣Щˣһŭɢ
ղЩ߶뿪ˣ˺ȣ׷׻ͷ֣̯ϰ壬Դνɴܣ꣬ܿκһʡ
õİ취Ǳ죬ȵһ㡣
Уʷȿϵģ£Ҳ󵽣ҪΪһŵӣҾ㣡
ϴ֮Ҳ֣ԽãĲǫãǸĳ磬˭ȭͷ󣬲
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֮Уðһ׹⣬һȭɨӦʱ䣬˵־ͳ֣ǳ
ǿȭ磬дһ˿ɱУűʷ棬Ѿ񵲣ֻܱܵԴһᡣ
ƺͼˣ¶һ˿ЦȭͷͻȻŴȻܸԴһȭҪȥ㲻Ҳˣ˵ľ̫ʵ⣬Ŀȭ˫ۡ
ͻȻ֮䣡
о磬һƴԼԺ֣оԼԴ֮дը֮һǿĳϮԼĻ꺣
ģ
˷ĶĤʹ۾ûʧȥãͻȻɳȥһˣԼֻܾĳ
꣡
һͷѵ֣ʮŻվȣұֱӵʹȥͷѵǴ洫
˭Ϊ͵Ϯ
ɫ䣬ȻиǱΪҶ͵Ϯ
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͵ϮɣʦֿõĶ㲻ɷ˵ǿᣬڶԷӦ£Ȼ֣˵͵Ϯ˭
Ҷһâ̶ֱ˫ۡ
ҲƼҵӣ׾ˣˣ뿪ǡ
һԼҶ֣˵һݻܿ뿪ˣȺ֮С
ҶҲû뵽Ȼ˵߾ˣߵĺܿ죬ѵԼɱɣ
Сʦܣ˼ˣ֮УвһŻҵȥȱȥˣǻǸϽ뿪ɣ
Щ˼ŴҶԼΧʮ
ʦֱֵܻ˴ңʦһҲ
ҶļʾҪκѹʦֵ֮䣬໥Ӧõġ
ޱȾ޴ǲ뿪ҪһʱҲҲ
ⷻлûй꣬Ҷ㲻뿪Ľ̯ﻹƬһƬ˾̫ϧ
ʷ˺ܿ뿪Ⱥ֮У޴ܿ콫û
һܿȥҲ֪˶ԶĴˣ˾ҸطЪϢһᣬÿһξ룬һƬϢ
ϢҲƷ¶콨죬Ʒᶵۣʽ
Ҷҵһ¥û뵽䷻УȻۡ
СʦܣѵûĶ𣿡
һȥˣҶһöƾɵƬ⣬ʲôû򵽣һѡ
ЩⲻȥҶԼԼ˶Ҷ򲻵ö϶ĴΡ
Ҳ뻹Ҷһ飬ȱԴϣһݹö

Ҷһƽһʱ䣬ҶҲջķᣬȻû򵽶ǿ۽硣
˺ȲĹϢأһС͵ļῪʼˣ̯λ۸Ƚϰ󣬵Ƕ۵Ʒ϶Ҫ̯̺ͨϺ֤ܶ࣬
ҺãӦö˰ɣҪᣬһһɨƣǰһǽʮƷȤѣפ㿴һɨ˶飡
˵һʮҵŮƤ¶ȹʮԸУ޳Ĵ¶棬ɫﶢƷϣȻŮϡ
ܻŮƺϰΪҲ⣬ƵƵ׳ۣҲʱ䣬ǰΧ˴ˣʮֻ𱬡
һ˶ǱŮòˣͲΪ֪ˡ
Ҷڲ¥棬öĳ۵ףĿŮǰǶԲӿĴһ׵Ĺۡ
ԽԽ࣬˵˲ˣŮȻһЦߵ棬һ֣߳׻ĺӣһɷǵģ
ӣڴ˰̯ϣҶϻҾͲ˵ˣڿʼ
ҽһ£󣬻վ꣬һͲǷ֮
ƤŮһƷǰһȦ˵һʱʦ̴ʦ죬Ȼͣ𣡡
ŮԼ˶˵˳Ҳ֤ѱ
ԭ̴ʦģǿǺö
Ⱥһ̴ʦһ㣬ڳв֪
˵̴ʦרƻҴıô⣬ҿǼٵİɣ
Ⱥ𲻺гƺ̴ʦȽ˽⡣
λ˵û̴ʦȷǰƻñʦǰƻ£һЩ֮òϵıóҲΪһ¡
Ů͵ȷ̴ʦ죬ǰƻóġ
Сʦܣûв´ЩӦǰƻҵˣ
ȻСеģ߸ŮһǰƻҵˣʷǷǻҶеʡ


934 Ԫ
Ҷû뵽ʦȻӱȽС۹ʮ׼
ʦ֣ƻҲǺٳΪڹȻƷ
ǵУҶ㲻˽ݵĻ֣ԸһЩҲ˲١
ûϴҲʹʦʦǣط˱仯ŵ紺ðƻҹҲǰͲסˣڱԷ⣬п⵽̭
͵
ҶҲܸоĳԼҲмʱˣķƺȻ仯øˡ
̸ĹݱĽУܿƷǻһ׳վ
׹֣˶ۺˣ׹ڰƻŽǰʮû뵽Ƕó
˷̶ʱ䣬ǧԪԪƺûֹͣ˼
ҳһٽҺ
һ֣𿣬ŻʮͣĿ
ԪҵСôҲˣ
üͷһ壬һηоȻ˶Ĵ
Ҷ㳯Ⱥпȥղ˵һʮ߰СѾͷʮһϢǳǿȻԪҵС
ʦ֣Һʲô
Ҷһ˵Һʵ
ʦ֪ԪԪȻǺöҺĵȼȴҪԪԪΪ߼ÿһҺޱ󣬶ҺҪһȪһٽҺ൱һԪԪ
͵˺ڣԪԪ䣬ܲöԪԪɣҺʹ죬̷ֱȥɡ
Ҷ㰵࣬ԼĹŽȪҲʮҲ˵ֻмǧҺСһ־ǰٽԪҹȻƴ֡
ԲⱾվ㡣
ȹŮԺҲû˼ӼۣʱȻˡ
Լ֯ģ˶йȨΪξͲǡ
С˳ʮƤһС֣ΪǲԼ
˭ԣΨԪң
ȹŮ˵ĺܸɴ࣬ˣìܲϣƻҵȻϣԼĶ뵽Ԫ֮С
ͲˣҽֻһߵݣԪкιϵѵǰƻҸҰ̯ȴҽ𣿡
Сﵹݣ˵ĶȹŮ޻˵̯ǰģ˵ˣƺϹء
ˣȻԪҿˣǰƻԴ⣬
ʱ򷢻ˣ˵棬ȻìܣҲﱬҶԷ˵ûҰ̯ӣҪ
үү
ȹŮƺЩģļ磬ԪҵȻϣԼĶ뵽˵
˵ȥ
Ӱ˰֣Ȼ֪ʲô
ڲʵĿ֮УվԪСԷóһöƿװһٽҺ
һӳƺŵһɻҩζЩֻܵ˫Ȼ˭á
һȭףҲǰƻҽеϺŵĺöձۣԪҵС˵ˡ
һٽҺ
۶٣СһٽҺֱ̫ݳˡ
㡭
һЩˣԷȻ̨ģԪҺһţЩۿٸҿڣԪҵС
ѵǳʺϣѵĶ𣿡
С˵꣬ӣ
̣ȴ޿ɱ粵Щ˶Ҳ뾺ˣջƷֲܣֳʮֹ졣
С򵥰
Ҷһڲ裬ɨԪС壬ϣҶ㿴һ
ô֪
һɻ֮ɫҶ㣬Ҷô֪С򵥡
ѵҲ¶ˣ
ҶҲɻˣƾӦϾǵһԪС˽Է
СתǧǰҲԪһǧתѾǰټ䡣
׳һذըСȻתת֮󣬻Ԫңͷ˼ˡ
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ûĽǰ˸Ҷἰɽ磬Ҷһ˵Ǹӡ
ĽǻӣҶ㲻òţȻɽ磬ĽֻδᣬҶ֪Ǹ磬ʵʵĴڡ
˵Ŀ£εĽⱾȭ׽˳
ҲˣʣµĶȫˣ
СӹȻʣжȫˣ¡
ûȥǾҵĶԸûʸ棡
ܲûа취û˸ԪʣµĶҪԪҵ

СҲøƽϣֻҪһһ
һ弶һǧԪԪ
óƷȻһö൱һȫһ
Ȼ
¶֮ɫǺöȥԺúоһ
ʦֵ񣬹ĶˣǿԪҵСӣҸ
Ҫȥתûǰûʲôֻںüѡ
Ҷ㵭˵ԥǰǵɽ𺣣ҲҪһǰһȴײħǰһ
һҶһƺˣһֱΨΨŵŵƷˮƽһֱûߣѵԼкܴĹϵ
лСʦѣЩǰ׻ˣСʦܰͷһȣʦֿһֱ޷ʶԼ
վӣĳҶʩһ
ҶŽ壬ı̫ĶͰʯʦֽ˼⣬ְҵħڡ
һٽҺ
һ䣬СȻһٽҺԴЩۺ첻ѡ
ԪСЩȥһգ˭ʮµϢʮ˶ԪҶһҵĸ֣ҴС⡣
ҡҳһһҺ
ҧں˳ԭҲҪԼо񶼷ˣͷʼͨһЩƲĵطȫȻʣľı仯
ԭΪҲᱻСߣû뵽Ȼ˺һţ˵Ŀˢˢĳ¥濴ȥ
ǧĿ⣬ЩڣҶȴȻĺŲˮĿ⣬ϱûκα仯
λӳһһҺûг۸ߵˣ
ںĲ۶٣ֻҪվԣ͸ҲҪҪܴԪҡ
е˼ѵ㲻֪˭𣿡
С޽㷢Ȼֵĳ˵
˭ûйϵȻӦùƽ
һƺҲʼ׳ʱѾﻢ£ֻһһͷѾˣϵӵıҪȸղź˺ܶࡣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʦʶԼĲ㣬ҵ˷򣬿㲻Ǻٹ꣬类ԼСϵ


935 Ю
õҶָ㣬֪Լ̫֮Сŵ²ΪһֱͣͲǰԭ
һֳ˲ԪҵС˭תʮ꣬пʶɽ磬Ϊ˽ĴڣȻ˸ˡ
ǻŸʲô˼ƺ˭Ү
С仯ˣղŻƤģһӾͱһ仯֮죬ֱ˼
ʮವһҶΧİΧסˡ
Ҳ˭¸СǸ
Ԫһĸոǿ˵ʿֻЧԪңκ˲ʹǡ
ЩǴСʱ򣬴Ӹطѡģ޸ѵĶǸ֣;ϵֻΪҰʳǳ̡
ӵȻû׼ҪöҶͻȻ˵ˡ
˭ǻûʸ֪֪ǣֲԪҰ
Ҷһߺʮˡ

һ˵꣬һֻצҶץ£ǳĿ죬˲䣬͵ҶǰعȻǿ
Ҷ㲻ܣõ䣬ҶԪͻƵ۷Բأкβһս
飡
צҶɳȥһΣΨҶӣƽһˮǺܿ죬ӻΪһ촷ۣʧ֮䡣
ԭԳʵҪ£СҪ
̶һУҲˣҶʵǳǿᣬԵѽ£ʮ֣ȻأҪɵ֡
Сʦܣˣһҵסǣһлᣬ뿪
ʱҶ㴫лϽ뿪˲ҪҶ㽫ɳĿռ仹ܴ
ҶмĿһۣС̰֮ƾ㣬ҶͲܸԼ¡
ʮһ£ߣµӡ
үү˺ȻԪҵˣǲӦðһѣΪǵŸԪҵ˶ϵģ
Ų¥˵
İɣԪҪɱǣôףȲѣүүֵģ
ۺ룬һЦ⣬ڲ¥ϵûвֵ˼
Щ⣬үүô˵϶ĵҪǰƻңԲɱԼĿͻղöѾγ˹ϵˣƻҲΡ
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ٳٲ֣СƺЩͷˣƸСҲкܴĹϵԼתĿһС
ʮٳɣһҶ֣µƣû¥
ʮҶʱȴҶʧˣףƮ߾磬ܽԼ뵽֮С
ղ˵ʲôҪɱң˲Ҫ̫ţȻĿ죡
ĹҶĳСߣɱ¾֮סĲӣֻҪǰһͣС档
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ʮɫ䣬Ҷ㾹ȻǵƤʧˣɹЮСһз̫죬ʮӦ

ҶЦһ㣬ֱӿסСȫѨ˫˳ϺݺݵһȦ
Ĳϧĳ̫񶾣
˵棬Ҷ㾹ȻСˣһЩصĵطץˣ˵ЩˣȻǰƻҼ˶ɵˣҶ㻹ǵ졣
ҡҪɱ㣡
Сı¶˳һɱ⣬˫ĿԲԣ޲ܳҶ⡣
׳գ
Ҷ㽫ΧסԼʮˣݺݵһ䣬Ů˻湻׳յģڱԼƣҪҪɱԼѵֻ֪ҪԼͻԼĽ¡
ֵԽԽ֪࣬ԪҵСЮסˣ׷¶֮ɫ˭ô
СȻһ֪ʲô
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СԪҽϣһǿߣԪҼпһͳݡ
ҿԪһֹһ׳գ˶ǰ׳գҷڵɱ𣿡
ҶˣЩ˻Լһðײˣ˵žͷŰ
ˣҶֶΣǣңһз̫죬һͻᱻƣ뿪ܡ
ڳɹЮСͿԽС뿪ԪȻǿ󣬵ǣǻǲҺǿɲֹһԪҡ
һүүĻǻĸһ֮ϲ
ˣˣСһˣȻЮԪҵС
ԶһΪҶˣǷӣ޷ҶΪ˷ؾٶ˹ģܹ͵
ԪңȻӵĺǣԪҲưոݣҶĻԪó裬Ҳ츳С
Ȼųɳ׶Σǽɾͣ
Сһ˰ɣȻС壬뷨
ҲΪҶǴ˾ٶΪҶ⡣

˷ҶǹŵЦ⡣
ʦ֣ȥһˣ
ҶһֻֿסСѨɱ¾֮û뿪Ĳӣʱ˵
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Щ˼Ŀ⣬ͬ⣬һҺһöⲻֹǱˣֱ͵һ
ӣžţ
ĺһ䣬ȻԹԵκη
ȻСǳüĿ㣬һӣΨһв㣬һ֮ڵӣҲԵŮ
ллˣ
УһҺһöЩεĸо
ܸǽʲô𣿡
¶׵ݣ̸
ҽƼҵӣλʦܣҶ㣡
˵꣬Լʧ̬ˣԷһ񣬾ȻԼеĵϸ©ˣ䱸֮ɫ
İɣǲжģֻԼ֪Ҳˡ
֮ɫղ˵Դʽ˸֪
СʦܣҶһˣ
ڶй¶ϢȻûһ˿ֻ뿪
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˶Ǵ˲֪˵ʲô
ҲܰԼСңߣ
˵꣬ͳҶ߹ЮֹҶ뿪
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ҶһȣֹϽ뿪ʣһˣиĻߡ


936 ͳͳ
Ҷ֪Ҷġ
ãʦʲô⣬ʦһṶ͵
ʮָɴ֪࣬˿뿪ǶҶõİСʦܵʵᣬܴʮУɹЮСݱ£ƼҾûм
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Сҿһ԰ȫ뿪
ͷһʮҵӣŰ˽Ǻӣһ˵
ʲôһѣ
ҶЦһǲѣԷҪɱˣҪһԲɱ˻Ҫأᣬ˫̫ˣԪΪһҺҪɱҶĳҲֻǲ

ǹͳŭˣǰСڶԷȥһҶ㡣
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ҶüŭɣһɱֱСĻ꺣ָһ㣬һǿԪӿСĵ֮УԣҶֱĵ
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ӲģԪң֪ʲô
ҶСĶЩߣС˵
ѵ㲻ɱ㣿
ҶаȵЦ⣬ĶС
Ӧ֪ɱҵģӡǣһɱңͻἤӡǣȻˣҲᱻӡɱ
СֱԲ˵
ҶҲǸղŴĽ֪ģת϶ǰӡǣ𵽱ãһΣգӡǾͻԼ
ڵȷɱ㣬һ죬һԸͷ­
Ҷ˵꣬һСԴϣֱ˹ȥ
һ紵Ҷʧԭأ֪ʲôطˡ
һʱ֮С˷֣һʱյϢ
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뿪ȥչȥˣʣ˴粽Сʲôⷢ
Ҷշת˺üֵ򵥵һ£óһңϽƣ˾޷Լò
֮Уܶ˶ԸĿʾˣǴŶң棬Ҷܿ뵽Ⱥ֮С


937 ͽı
һ죬ǷণפԪҵЩӣĴҶϢҶ·֮УʧӰ١
ʱΣյĵطȫĵط˭Ҳ벻Ҷû뿪УڲϵѰҸֲϡ
ҶԪСʮµ飬Ѿǣ˿ʼھ򣬵ҶǺԪңȻ޼ɵ
Ƽңһţаƻң׷׳αһϵ鴩嵽һ𣬷飬ȻΪʱͻȻӼۣԪɱġ
ƻҷųԪҲ棬Լǿ󣬿̤ӦֶԵΪ
һۣԪҴĵѰҶ㣬ͻȻһ󵹸ķΪԪң̫ԵȻԪԼȡߵϡ
ǵԪҲջЩӣ͵ѰҶ䡣
һ飬ҶҲˣȻƼҵӣǹŽĵӣôҷǳ֡
ƼҹŽǷĵطΪðһ˵Ϊĵӡ
룬֪ҶƼҲʱ䣬ֳ˴Ķֱ춯ء
һҶ㶼֪ˣ˿վһ̯ǰ۸ֿ̻ĶǺıʻǴľķֽһӦȫ
ϰ壬öıôģ
Ҷһöܵĺıʣѯʵ
ǧԪԪôҹߺëɣż̯ӶҳȥҲô͵ļ۸񡣡
ϰƺЩżϾͷƷԽԽ٣ƷƷǺܺۡ
ЩʦҲСֱ̯ȥˣƷľƷ߼
Ҷ㲻ں𲽽׶ΣҪ̫õĹߣȻȥȳɹʱȥõĹߡ
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ʱһζҶ㶼ڷжȹ
ʱҶ㰴յַϵָʾǶȥĽ̯ļҾͰȵҶϵʱЩţǰֻһƾɵéݡ
Сʦܣˣ
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Ǯ˼ң˭᰾ֲҩһóҩơ
Ľ̯ĳ̶ȣҶԸԼ̯λѣӲҪ̯죬ҶֱĽݵİ۷
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ҶˣĽ̯ûƲҩ
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Ų޽õéݣҪ˲ĽݼϵʹվҪֹǼ
۸һ˵ʲô£
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˭ΪγȰ㻹ǲҪ£μҲܵģ
󺺿͸ҶҶ
֪𣿡
Ҷһ޺ӣʼ͸Ҷ㣬ǸоҶɲ⣬ȫҶﵽЩʲô
ȵЦʱȴҶɱգۡ
ϧҲ㣬Ϊһᶼˣ
Ҷ紺紵˸оһ˿ɱ棬ȴڳ˺ͻȻһ쬵ĸо
ĽϹһˣȻˣǾɱ㣬һȥμ칦ȥ
Ϊ״һ֣󺺽ҶΧ׼֡
ȷҪ֣
Ҷ㻹ȷϵһ䡣
ͷװŪֵǣ֣ķѣ
Ϊ״ΪҶװŪǸϽ֡


938 ˵
Ҷ޺ЦݣΪҶװŪɷ˵һҶ֡
ʵҲ۷Բϧľ磬ֻǵףζ㲻ϡ
ɱ¾֣֮ŵѪ̼ζĽ˷ܵĺյѪԽָ࣬ʱҲ졣
֮ܿپѣմķѪкܴĹϵ
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һŵһһĺȻ֮ɫ
ǿħһҶ㣬޺꣬ɱַȻ˲пᡣ
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Ҷ㻹ǹŵЦ⣬ȫɱڵδδѪǵľʬ壬ȫ벻˻Ҷһ˽¡
㡭㲻ҪҿμҵˣҪɱң뿪ǣ
󺺺ˣһˣҪ˳éݣ뿪Ҷһϵ𺳣˫ȲԾĿʼ
μң
Ҷüͷһ壬ղĽ̯ΪμҵˣѵμҸĽ̯г𣬶Ľ̯ΪԼμģ
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Ľݵһʱ͵˵˼μҴӣ˵ôļҵԴ
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ҶҡҡͷʦֹȻĳܺãȱ澭飬籾һ˵磬㲻ǿʱҪñ˳Ե׼
μҹȻԣĽݼ岻ǿ󣬾ҪʵʵˣӦȥﲻܵˣ˵ףĽݵʱûпԼˣܲܳμҵŭ
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Ժôģѵһֱôȥ
ҶһĽݵܴ֮пһ˿ڣΪԼҲʮھΣΪԼһʱ£塣
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˵꣬ĽݵվӣٴνƿڷʮƬ˳
Ľ׸ӦһûϢҶ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ԣﻹϢʮŨ䣡
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ĽǰȷֻЩƬǲǻУ
ҶʵĽ׵֮УҶϢҪȴӷ򵽵ĻҪŨӴС
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ĽݵҡҡͷصĶѨ棬ԵЩ
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Ҷ㲻ģҪҶԴˣͿʼˣҶûôϣƽȵķʽ
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Ľݵˣȷʵп죬ΪͽıڣĶûУƬһģ˵ͷ
ҿ𣿡
ҶɫһϲȻϷȻһöƬ
ԣöƬһֱ˵ͷѾϰˣ᲻
Ľݵҡҡͷǿûд
ҶһͷߣһöƬȻͷֱǱ
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Ҷת˻⣬Ƭõ
ô֪
Ľݵ˵꣬ʶԼʧˡ
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Ҷֱ˵˵иݵģж񼲣ߣԶ徫һпָܻ顣
ǱԪѪŲྫȻĽݵ֪öƬ
ֻмˣܸܵϢĽǴݱȻܸܵϢ
ⲻܣǿ߰ɣǿƬҲ
ĽݵЩͷˣΪҶΣҪƬȴһ˵
Ȼ㲻ȰҲ޿κΣڲʱʩȣ»ʱ䣬һҪ
Ҷ㽫ʶ͸˽ȥһŮˣϸƾɵıӣԴ棬ȻһöƬ
˵ʲô
ĽݵҪҶȥ
仰һ㲻٣㻹ʶԼĴ󣬵Ϊһ仰壬ѵΪ㣬ҲҪ͵Լ𣿡
Ҷ̾ϢһˣĽݵʶԼĴִ̫̫߰ף鲻ԣƾһʱ¡
һԸ񶼱Ƚϸң̼ѱƽ͵̬Ҳһô˾Բᱳѣ׼飬һ·ߵڡ
ʱ䣬ĽݵھεУԼֲϳϣڱҶһԵƣͻȻҪίȫй
ҪֹȴҶסˣйĻ


939 齨
Ľݵ޵һ̫ˣһֱھεУֲϳΪԼĴ󣬵¼
ڱҶƣΪһٶˣףȫμҵ֮¡
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ĽݵЩ˼ʮˣǰޣЩˡ
йŲħȻ綼ᱻԼħĥ
ҶûȡЦ˼ܼʱĽݵҩɾȡ
ҷ˲鲻϶񻯣ĸǿƬйϵ𣿡
ӵһ̿ʼĽݵͿ͸Ҷ㣬Ȼʦ֣ӽڣҶġ
ûƬ滹ڵ£һ⣬ͻո־ȻҲ徫
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Ľݵ޴룬ˣһ˲ˣҲṶ͵
취Уﲻ˵֮أȻط
Ҷղżһ飬ĽݵķˣĶΪʱòƣº֢
ʱƣֻҪһЩʱ䡣
ǡȥء
Ľݵ̾Ϣһȴû֮ء
ð죬ǻһЩҵЩ˲ԴǹһǺܴԺӣʺǾס
ʱ˵ˣƼˣΪҪǣһСԺӣÿסҲȽϷ㣬û뵽ڵˡ
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ҶҲû뵽Сʦ־ȻΪԼҺ·ǲ֪ԼļҲҲ֪츳ܾѪһٽһ
ĽݵæݣҲûʲôʰģʰһ£Ľݷˣ·һȥ
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Ҷ׷ǲΥģҲʲô֮ˣ̸ƣֻǲԺĵ·ħ
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940 
Сʦܣû뵽㾹ȻԵһöƬ
·ϣЩţҶڷ򵽵ľȻƬ
Ҳرʷ澹Ȼ֮ѹֶҪᡣ
Ҷ㽫Ľݵź֮󣬸ȥʱ㶺ˣһԪһڲϵѰڶǷᶨڰԺ󿼺˲ԣʱ仹磬Ȼ
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˱߱˵֮УνǾĶǡ
ɱ
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ЦΪƾ˾ɱˣˣڹģҲ󷢴ȱһ·
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һŵӷ׷ЦƾˣҪɱˣ췽ҹ̷˵Ρ
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˭Ҳ벻һֱεȦͻȻ֣ҶսȦһ̣һöɫâ֣
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Ľ˴ָЩķһԪ򱻰뵽֮С
ŴıΪҶһʹЩóȥһʲƵԴȫĽײʳһա
⻹ûеزһҪԴιҶеΡ
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֮˵һǰţԼ̻ܿ
˱߱˵ƼҺ֮ܿУֱӳŽȥ


942 ̻
̤Žʱȫһ·ҶҲָĲˡ
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˸һ̤ɽ壬͸о洫ǵһ޴Ұߣʮֿɲ
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Ҷһۣɽ棬кܶӴĻޣӦǴӻڲġ
ȥ
ͬʱӿ˽Ųȵɽ֮󣬿ʯһͷӴĻ޵ϣٿػޣǣٶȾȻ϶١
׳廹Ҷʾվһԣ¶֮ɫؼĻޣҲ˵ʯ쿵ʵڿ۷塣
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۳Сʱʱ䣬ʯ쿲Ųٿػޣصƽ̨֮ϣλʦֵܶڡ
ϲʯʦ֣ڽƳɹ
ϲ˵һ䣬Ҷʯ쿸ˡ
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СʦܵĸҳɹѪ
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ǿʦֵҲնɱˣʦһˣѱԷҵɱ
Ҷһ䣬֮۵飬Ҷ㲻ǲǣǣ̫ˣǣǺǡ
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ڶɹѪԺɾͲҶ㣬һγȥȻƬλʦһˡ
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ôܣҿ̻һôȶﵽң
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Ҷֻôˣ̻·ǺԼ̻·Ǳ档


943 ս
űľʯҶЩԼ̻ƺԤڵֵҪһһǿ࣬
ҶȲĻص˶֮У׼̻
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Ҷ뵽ԼоħѾԳɿռ䣬ԼķҶѾ뵽˵ı䣬䡣


945 ɹ͵
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ҶֽѪҺĨȥɭһǰֻҪɭ֣ҶͿԽɭֵ壬Ѹ롣
ɭԽԽҲżˣҶȥˣǸѡǽȥѰǷؾ֮Կ
ҶоѪȿˣѣθгֻ֣ƾһ־֧ԼС
ҶѪĽվҶϣɫ䣬һôǿĵˡ
ʮ


һ
Ϣһɭ͸ɭ޾ûлԣܿͻᱻû
Ҷģƾһ֧֣һ룬գһζҶɭڡ
ݣ
Ҷûκԥֱ̽ɭ档
ҶɭһɲǣҲˣͣûгȥһɫ
ʦ֣ô죬ǽȥغ򣡡
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ؾ֮Կغܴܲ򿪽ɶʧǽȥΣգ˳Ҳ٣
ðһԣɭȻΣգЩһϢǿһ֣κβǡ
ɶղɭֵĿ־Уʧ˲ˣΪ˽ɶƴҲֵˡ
˼򵥵ĵϢһ£һɭ֣ȻϷŹҶ㡣
˵Ҷɭ֮֮ɭҪУֻĸ죬ΪĿȫ©һΧ֮ء


947 
ɭԺҶֱһѹľ֮УҲЩиϵǰֱһ֮УҶֹͣŲ
꣬ꡭ
ҶڴڵĴŴóһЩҩ̷ȥ޸ơ
ŬƽϢԼĺ࣬ΪҶоĴɢһΣյϢǿ֮Уζ
ȫйʮΣյľٶ
ϲ֮Լǿ飬ʵؾʮֿ¡
Ϣһյʱ䣬Ҷоƺõ߰˰ˣʱûд󰭡
֪뿪ûУ
Ҷһʱһ̶ɭ֣ǻ棬ԼڳȥͶ
Ҷ壬Ҫܸ֮߳࣬õαװԼ
ͻȻ
ҶоһΣյϢڿٴ̶֮УֻǽԴ¶棬̶һЩĵĳȥ
ǾȻҲˣ
Ҷ㿴ǾȻҲɭ֣һ֮ɫ
СǰҶסҲɭ֣ԼֻҪעһ㣬Ϳ԰ǡ
ʮСģܿЩûп̶Ҫ̶һɶΪ⣬Ѭ졣
ŮűӣԶԶıܿЩӶһ̶ĵطѰ
ѾˣǽȥѰ
˵һ䣬żȥһ̶⣬ʲôûС
ſһԶҶһ
Ǻܿ죬ǾȻȫ۷һ¶֮ɫƺʲôԸĶ
飡ҶоϢ
ԭǱ˻ܿ˵̶Ե뿪ֲģֻܵ
Ҷˣһ̶ֱ֮Уһ³ȥ׷ɱҶԼ̶档
ʱһȥƺûгû뿪˼ҶԴѾ̶֮Уֻбӻ¶棬ٲ뿪ͻᱻ̶û
ƴˣɱ̶ܱ֮ȥҪõĶ࣡
ҶƴһԣһҶ㻹Ǵðһԣɭ֣ǿ϶ɵ飬ղŽȥַ֤ǲҽ롣
˺ʱǶȣҶͻȻವһ̶֮Ծ𣬳ɭȥƻָĲˣٶޱȡ
СӾͲ
ҶԾһ̣˶ˣϧҶʧӰ١

ŭһ䣬ղһ̶ֱԵ߹̶û˿˭֪ҶͶ档
Щƽʱһ߸ϣһ㣬˶Ļѱֲܿô῿
ϽʱһȺ飬ţûмʱĲ鿴Ҷлɳˡ
һз̫죬ȵ˷ӦʱҶѾɭ
ʦ֣ô죬׷ǲ׷
һѵ⣬׷ǲ׷׷϶飬׷Ҷпܳɭ֣ؾ֮ԿҲ֮ʧ
׷飬˻
һҧһͷ˳ҶߵķһС롣
ҶŲ·Ϊɫδ߲ǺֻǰԽ룬ԽԽŨҶ㲻һս
Ľףʲô취飡
Ҷ㳯Ľʵɭ֣ⲻҪ飬ҪҵƵİ취
ӵй֮⣬ܿа飡
Ľѵҵ֮棬Ȼܿ飬ǲҿ
֮棿
ҶüһϲԼӵйÿʩչ֮棬֪ܲܿ顣
Ĺ̫֮СԸһԣҪǸ߼飬Щ֮޷㰲ȫ
ĽײŴҶȻӵй֮Щ꣬δҵܶأ¹֮Ǻܸߡ
֮֮˲٣ڰ֮һֱǰ
ֻҪǣҾͻ뿪
ҶûзٶȷŻ˺ܶ࣬Թһɭ档
ƺľһģïܵϢƺһƬľЩľȻͬһƷ֣඼࣬Ҷܿ췢һ⣬Լ֪ǰò·ˡ
ô
ȵҶ㷴ӦʱѾˣɭֵĿ֮ľһģһʱ򣬲Я׼ȷĵͼ߿̺üǺţп·
Ψһİ취ֻܵȵɫˣֱܷ淽ֻҪϸ߿գҵ׼ȷλá
ʦ֣·ˣ
С˵ȵղŻͷʱȴֲ˻ȥ·ˣҲ·ˡ
ɫ䣬һͷһ·ˣ˵ҶܵȥˣԼ֪ںδ
ҲҪţΪɭ־ɫһǺ·ڿʼÿһξ룬Ҫ¼Ǻš
ͷ֮ˣϱûʲô仯ʮֳȣôұ߱¼Ǻţߡ
Һܿ춼侲ʶɢȥ͵Ϯ
ϲϳû˰죬Ƿô
ſҶҶһߣʼľϵ̼ǺţȻ֪ЧǺܺãҲһο
ôͻȻú䣡
ҶӣܵͻȻ½ǽźһ
Ҷ磬Ѻ֣ܸо䣬һǡ
飡
ҶͻȻ뵽һʣ鳯Լ
ɱ¾֣֮Ҷ䱸ǰǵԭء
ʱ䣬һȺ͸峯Ҷ㿿ԽԽͣЩֲﶼҶӣƺڵ䡣
Ȼ飡
֣Ҷ㷴ˣһֱ֣Ҷ㷴ףȻԷˣǻƴһΡ
СӣЩ͸ģ似ɱǣΨ깥Ȼ̬Ҳֻ꣬ҪһȻնǣ
Ľ׸Ҷ㴫֮Կ飬ǲҿȴɱǣҪɱ飬ֻܹǵꡣ
һҶڿǵĿ׵壬һͲ࣬廹ܻΪ̬Ư֮ϡ
ǳżͣ죬˵
ԴǳĴ󣬲֪װʲôĽ׸Ҷ㣬Դܴ꣬ҲǴĵط
ֻƵ˶Դܽɱ
һֻ飬Ǻܶ࣬Ҷһ飬ﻹЩš
ɭһ࣬ҲͬǱΧˣ٣Ҫǵ̫ʢһϢӴ󣬵Ȼ顣
ּܳʮֻ飬ĶˣƺҲûֶ϶ǺȻ֮ɫ
һҶ㿿ÿһܵ¶½һҶоԼ嶼Ҫˣ̫Ũˣγʵʡ
չ֣
չҪ˵꣬ʱÿó֮ìҶʱã򲻵ѣʩչ


948 Ŀ
ֳչҶ㽫Ϣεֻ飬չһֻöռѾҶļˡ
һɿµĳȹâ֣öռ˳ȥƿնȥ
ǡ
Ҷ㱻ǰľ󾪴ˣ龹ȻԷ壬ԼΪһռȻˣ޷ǵ塣
Щûй̶̬۶ɣıԼ壬Ϊһ̣ҶɱǵѶȴӡ
þǣлУѲ׽ƶ켣
޷ʹɱ¾֮ĽվҶϣԸҶѡ
Ҷ˵ͷˮһǷԲ׾룬ֻһ㲨ƣϵĸı̬ʶ޷ֱһλʲô
γɵɷ飬ʼʱûǣյԽ࣬һ㱻һЩ飬ָܻǰ̡
Ϊɷ飬ǻ۳ɷкܶԹԹ޷֮ʧľۼһ𣬱ЩϲջĶͳˡ
ǰļ䣬ӦþڹһĶ飬Ĺǰɫģ͸塣
֮ٴμչҶ㲻׼ֻ׼һֻ顣
ЩƺЩɵҶչôǺܿ죬ֻһҶ˹
֮棡
Щ鿿ʱҶɢһɹɫĻ棬Щ鿿֮󣬷ˡ
ŵֻȥҿҶ㣬Щ鶼ǵͼĴڡ
ݣ
Ҷ㾫֮£ռٴη˳ȥΪһ⣬û֮Уޱȣǡ
ͣ
Ҷظоռ䵽ĳص֮ϣһը֡
飡
ռ龹ȻûаѵռϮһԴ
̣
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ɹɱһֻ飬ҶĴҲôԶԸǺܿ죬Ҷ㷢Լ˵Щ̫ˡ
ЩʧˣȻ޷ֱ棬ΪһǱҶΧʱҶ
ýƻ飡
ҶҲǰľΪɭֱ֮Ϊ֣֮ˣʮа˾Ŷ޻أ̫¡
Ҷɨ䣬鵽ȥˣأҶһóһ˯ı鸡ֳҶ㲻ԾһǷ
۾ҪȥСıĻˣ
Ľ״һҶϽ˫ۣµĵط˻ǣһǾͻᱻߡ
ҶȫһѹԼҪ˯ԭڹ˵ĻǣһߣҶͻɻˡ
а飡
Ҷ㶯ŭһ˿˿׵֮ɢɫĵ绡˸
κµľ׵֮Ȼ֮УΨ׵ܻһйΣ׵֣ҶظоһЩ仯
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̶һʱ䣬һ˵زһգһ߸ɰͰ͵ʬ塣
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ղŴ޵ŮǵʧķһҺУܿȺһײȥ
飡
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һжǸСӵĴǳȥһҪҪôˡ
ЩľˣԼʦֵһûжŭ
ʱ֮Уֻʣ½һŮ˶꣬϶ٶһЩ־֮ɫ
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һ£ͣʮֻʣˡ
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֮һ˵
Сӽɭ֣ܻų𣿡
Щ⡣
˵ȥһ򣬾һ
ҶһԺ;Ҷ㲻򵥡


949 ׷ɱ
ֻʣˣٶɭ֣˼ӰһӶԽѡ
ҶòͱǼˣݵʱҶò˿̻Ժ֮УֻҪҶ㻹ܻŴɭֳǾܲóҶ˭
ʣֻ飬ʮֹ죬ͣƶҶ֮ì޷ǵϢҶʮջ
СӣڼһᣬɫҪˣɫһͻߣ취뿪ĵط
Ľ׸Ҷ㴫Ҷڼһᡣ
ıƣҶʶʱججԷһ£пܱ߻ǡ
Ǻܿ죬Ҷ㵣ĵ鷢ˣһȺɫҺ߿鷢ҪʳҶ
Ӳҵףܾô
Ҷһҧ⣬һɾֱ꺣ʶ˲٣ϹȼգЩҲҿ
ʱƣܾۼԽԽ࣬ɫҪˣЩƺͲסһҶ㿿£
Сӣ˵ز˾ȥ϶ᱻ鳹ûҪʳ꣬Ҳˣ
ҶɪɪĽٴθҶѣ뿪
˵ҶȾܣŲ·Ҷ淽ѡ˵طͿٵǰ
Ҷ˵أЩǰɫĺˮĸҶ󣬶ԽԽ࣬ҶͷƤ顣
ǹѩһԽԽ࣬Ҷ۵ϵƸպһЩܣһЩ˿ڿʼѿѪ
Ϊ˻ҶҲ˵òˣƴıܣϵرܣҪЩѵ
Ҳ֪˶ãҲ֪ںδҶֻһѣڰѡ
ǰһ㰬Ⱥɭ־Ȼаڣʮֹ죬ҶûѡأֱӴȺС
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Ҷһɻ֮ɫٲЩ׷Լ϶ᱻ߻ǡ
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Ϊܵϲ壬׻һͻᱻ׽Ȼôء
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ԽߣԽԽߣҶֻóһ䵶նϣܼߡ
Сӣ㲻ɭ֣ȻŰȫ߼ЩľǴ֮ɭⰬ֮Ϊⴿ֮
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ĽҲ뵽ˣֻ޷֤ʵ
ԽԽҶͻȻǰߣⰬȺȻһƬСб֮ϣСбǰ棬һڵĶڣ浽ʲô֮ɢ
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ЩâԽԽʢ̵Ҷ㶼˫ۣص֮£ȻɢǿҵĹâ


950 
СľѣҶһõźţ˯˼£ˣҶȷţԺĵ·ԽԽ˳
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ڹȦһͷһ˸ߵĹŹӣɫҪɽȥƺɫδﵽ޵ڵȴ
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˵Ľףʶ㣬һ۾Ϳöʲôǹ飬˵γһöӣҪǧꡣ
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Ҷæ׷ʡ
͵Ϯһɹɫδ뿪ֻҪ棬ԽЩԸͷɫˣȰ㻹ǸϽ뿪
Ľ˵Լ
Ҷ˵ͷĽ׵˼
ڹޣϲ֮ȥ϶⵽ų⣬˫ˣ϶ݶԷڡ
޿϶ǳŰʱ͵͵ģȵö֮ȥڵȵ뿪
İĽ˵ôҶҪðطգһܴܲ飬Ȼˣ뿪ܲܶһε׷ɱ
Сӣ𣿡
ҶԥĽٴʵ
ˣҾһԣʱ䲻ˣɫҪˣҲ֪ʲôʱͻƵؾ
Ҷһѣ֮Ҳ·һھƴһѡ
Ҷٴοޱŭˣ̤ӣҶ߹µϢҪ׽Ҷѹԭء
纣һĳϫҶһȣصȻ˿¡
Ҷ£ѹһ޴ɽ壬ɽ廹ڲϵļӴ󣬿ɲҶѾˡ
Сӣ֪Ϊʲô޲ˣΪڼóȻ֣϶ݣʱ϶ʧܣ˭ûкô
ֻѹûǿг֣Ľ׿޵ͼǲƻĻ
Ҿа취ˣϰף͵ԹͽˣԸޣ
Ҷ˸һ˿ϲɫֻҪ޲ҴҶ㵹Ҳһ
Ұɣ
Ľ׻Ϊһâʧԭأ˭Ҳûз֡
ȱ˶лᣬһޣҲȾָı
ҶŴ̼̼ޣһȥ
Ҷ޷һŭöѨʯɪɪ£ǰ˼
¾⼸뿪˹ķΧĽ׾лˣҶ֮Դ̼뿪顣
ѵ˵һޣúõ¾ѧ챦Ϊ˹飬ܽԶࡣ
Ҷ㲻ϵƣܾ޴ѹһڵķȥһпܣһʱߡ
ޱҶһＤŭˣһͳŭ˫Ų̤棬ҵĳ
С࣬ҵϣһ֪Ĳ࣡
˵ˣҵ̵ҶĤۣԴ졣
ߣϣƾ̸࣬ʲôϣ
޾ԽԽԶҶҲ޾ʮ֮ңĽ׵֣Լܲȥ
ƣѾʧȥԣһԣһҶ㿿ҶѹԽԽ޹˼ݣҶѱѹĲܶˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˵˶ڱԵʮ׾룬̤ϵ棬Ҷŵ˼㡣

ͻȻ֮䣬Ľ׵Ҷ꺣֮Ҷ㼸ûκԥ廯ΪһӰֱӳȥ
ͬʱѨĳȹâʧһӶѨ˳Ľõ˹飬Ͽɫȥ
Źʧ޷һĺУԭҶ̼Ǹһڳʱ͵Ϯ顣
䣡
Ѩֱ̮Ҷ̮һ̣˵棬ֹһʧЩȫ˽پ
ģ
޴ӵ֮ǰС࣬¶ɺ֮ɫµתҶΪ֮һϡ
ӣ
ҶֻһϽ˵أ޲ܶԸģأһޣƾԪܽ
ղڵصףΪ޲ҶŰȻڹʧˣûмأŲһ̤Ҷ¡
Ǻܿ죬Щһ˹ȥϲ໹࣬ҪҶŨʮ
𣡡
޷һŭ˹龹Ȼˣ޷塣
Բۣô
ҶΪܲסޣʱһ߸һ
ܣԥѡܣҶ㼸û˼ʱ䣬Ⱦܣɭȥ
ҶҪߣ޲Щ飬̤Ҷ׷ȥ濪ʼ
ĶƬɭ֣߾ۼҶǰִ飬Ҷĸо
ˣ
ҶЦһ


951 
ԽԽ飬Ҷᣬܲܶ޵׷ɱ⵽Χ
磬ǸһｻңҲסһʱ䣬ȥԸЩ飬ɫҪˣֻҪߣ취ޡ
С״˳ղҶĽ׵̸ҲûбܻСס
УŻָ֣ܽͷ̫¡
ҶֹС׳֣ŻָҶɲСΪٴ˯
İɣһͻƾ磬˲츳ͨͷҪԸңЩѶȣ
СžԽԽߣС׾ѵļ𽥶ȻԼ츳ͨ
Сģ
ǰȥ·׷ҶѾأ֮£ֻýС׵
֮ì֣
һɿµ׵֮ˣҶͷ֮ϣƯһöֱ۴ϸĽɫì֮ì޾ĻϢ
֮ìЩ龹Ȼҿƺɵ֮ì
СӣϽ飬ֻҪˣϾй֮⣬Ҳκβ㡣
Ľ׳ҶϣһöȵƯҶǰ
öӣЩŵһȻȿ֮ìҪ¡
ݵĹ򣬼ٱܹޱСˣͷ޶ʱһ
䣡
ɽӶѣ֮ϣһĹۣС׾֮ʵǿ£ޣ˿·硣
ǳȥС׿϶޵Ķ֣Ҷԥ鶪ħ֮Уʼ
µĹ֮ɢ֮⣬ھħ֮ըħȫ
漴
һ磬һɾ޴ˣվħ֮дĹ֮伺
ŸﱻٵޱȾ޴ΨڰȻտյЩ겢δҵʲôʵԪء
俪ʼתԪҶ淢һҪҶؾֻһ֮ң˹飬һͻơ
ҶðŨĹ֮⣬֮ìػ鲻ҿ
СǱתС·磬ҶȻͻƣʶڹעܡ
ϰףȥСף
һϰףһСףҶ֡
Ľ׺ԥΪһɱ¾֮ŭն£ЩҶĥϣѾҶ㽣֮һ˿ȻҲǰν
ͣ
ն޵֮ϣһ⣬Ȼδƿ޵ķĽҲһľ
ͷ޵ķȻǿѹС׻Կ
ȻûƿķǿɲĽ⣬Ǹ޴ϵʹһĺС
ҶߣҲòȥΪɫҪˣЩһҶ㿿ҪʳҶꡣ

Ҷﰵһ䣬绹δȹЩͿʼȲˣҲ֪һȵԼȫɹ飬ҲκβԼ
֮ìն
ԥ֮ì˳ȥһɻ׵ַ֣֮Բʮ׾룬Ҷ㼸Ԫ֮
͡
Ľմ׵ֱ֮ӻΪһ̡
ţëƾһ֮ìնɱҶҲ뵽Σ
һҶȻ۷壬δȫգҲע⵽ˣҶյĻᣬĲס
飡
ҶϮʱСױһķˣ϶һЩ˿ڣѪܡ
գ޾Ľ⣬Ľһһϵ޵֮ϣϧֻܸ޷ƿķصķ̫ǿ
СҲ𣬽׵Ƥëһȫըһ˿˿ռ֮ϳ֡
ͻȻ֮䣡
Сſһȣǰһռ֮ţޱȣŲ˼һĻˣռֱ֮ӳ޵ǰ̶ޱ˽ȥʧ
Ϣ޾ʧˣղŻܻɢµϢ˲ʧһɶҶ㶼סˡ
С׵츳ͨ
Ҷһɻ֮ɫܿ챻һɴ̹Ǻѣһֻ嵽ҶǰҪʳ꣬

Ҷףֱֻ֮ˡ
Ľ״ŹСףƺ˼ʲôС׵츳ͨĽһЩ£ǲȷ
ˡ
ʱ䣬޾ȻԶٴαܹϵŭŨ
ռתƣ
ҶʱС׵츳ͨԭͨռʱת˴˵أϧСʵֻ̫ͣת
˫ٴսһ𣬴ĺأʣҲһ˿ɫԽԽ
¡
ҶͻȻһ죬ͻƵؾһɺˣֱӳˢҶ塣
飡
öѨֱӱ忪Ҷľ˲سڡ
ƺûֹͣԪ鳱һһϴˢգۼĹҶڡ
ЩˣҶ㼴Ҫɹ飬ҪķҶֹҶ
ʱۿȥҶȫ£һİɫ壬ЩſͣʼȡҶ

Ҷŭ˿ͻڼûʱЩ飬ǾȻô˻ᣬҪԼ
ħգ
ػδݱҶ޷飬ֻħա
ħˣʼȼ飬͵һЩֱӱ
ǰ̣ҶմԽԽ飬һи鸲ϡ
Ҷ㷢Լһ٣Щ鿪ʼȡԼ
ƴˣ
ʱȣȥȻԼ˳ͻƣҲҪˡ
Һҳ
ҶóһٽҺֱӵ˾ħʱ䣬һǿҶը
ͣ
ҶֱӳִĿӣԪ磬޷ӴҺ
̣
ҶԴը죬ҺҶֱͻƵ۷壬ȫա
ǴʱҶ£һѪˣȫѪǣһЩطԪǿ𿪵ĿӣһЩ˺ҧ֮µ˿ڣҲ̶á
Ҷʧ٣Ҳһ˺
һ࣬СѾʩչοռ֮ţαת˳ȥ˼ʱ䣬ٴ۷
˫ʼս˭Ҳκβ˭Ҷ֪Сÿһʩչ츳ͨһּġ
ѾԵĿСֽƣĸоʩչһΣСܻιȥ
ڲͣ۷壬ֻһ֮ңһж䣬ҶͻƵ֮졣
ѹⱾ䣬ֻǻ˰ʱ䣬ʶ磬ٶȣöΪ֮
֮ҶϴӣҶԡ֮У֮ױ
ҹ
ҶͻȻһȣɢһɳȵĹâŲ˼һĻˡ


952 նɱ
Ҷľ糹ȶ۷壬գڴ˿̣Ҷϸһ飬ϵĳȡ
ҹ
ҶһȣɢһɳȵĹâŲ˼һĻˡ
Ҷϵ鷢͸Ļ棬֮ϱȼˣһЩ鷢Ĳҽ
֮⣬ǿЧİ취Ҷ֮ϣɢǴĹ֮棬ܿа顣
׷룬ҪҶ뿪Ũղܣ΢һΪҽ
ߣɣ
ղŲҶʮֱŭһӣһɸŨҵĹ֮ˣַԲ׵ľ롣
ЩҪߵ飬ͻȻ֮䣬һεĽƷԭأ֮ϣƮƬƬۻЩ鱻ȼ̬֮
ϧ˲٣󲿷ֶҶɱΪĺܾòɢ
СӣЩԸޣ¾Ǻ
ĽҲ۵ʱ򻹲Ҷ㴫ԽսԽ£С˴Ǿ춯ء
ãҲһ󷨣취֮У
Ҷ˵ʼ󷨣סˣɢ
һööʯ֣ڷܣһķΧ֮ڣ󷨻ܾۼһ£֮У¶Ȼ½
ˣ콫
Ҷ㲼ú󷨣С׸Ľ׺
𣡡
СͻȻһŭ𣬿ռ֮ٴγ֣ʮεٴα˳ȥ
䣡
һСûдԶֱӴ͵Ҷ㲼õ档
һ󷨣Ҷγһ͸Ĺ֣޸޷
飡
Դϵײϧ󷨽ûʲôɱֻһĿģס֣
ʼʴ޵壬úܲ
庬д֮ԪµľǴ֮ˣڴ֮Ԫ޵ͻὩӲ
ͻײ淢һĲҽУҶֱӳ֮Уѳɾŭ֮ĩ
壬޵ʵۿֻۣﵽؼ𣬼ж٣Ҷ֡
ڤӡ
һ޴ɽˣݺݵĳѹȥ
ΪʵԿµѹ֮жٶٴμʮٶȡ
аն
ҶԼĽаĵһʽҶʩչϰνֱ޼᲻ݡ

һļп֣޵ǰ֮һһ׳ĿӣѪ
ҶҲǰľԼͻ֮ʵȻʮضԼѾûκΣգغ۷壬Ҷ㻹ûжİա
Ͼ޸಻ͬкܶ෨սҶ㻹Ҫϵпսʤ˫ն
аϼն
ڶʽ֣аһбҶʩչϼ⣬ϼʱɫϼڽӰĵ֮£γһŲɫĹΡ
ͣ
˿ڳ޵֮ϣ˺ǳĴֱҶն޷һͳĺ
ϧ֮У޸׽ҶӰӣֻĴײ
ʱ䣬޵ĵĲˣ嶼ö
ǸСһ֣˲ֱ󷨿ƣ壬Ҷء
аɱ
Ҷһ䣬Ȼʩչаĵʽǣܹ꣬аĿ֮
ʽһҶоȫһʽҶһԪԪ񶼳˲١
øղžͻƣԪѾͻƵؾֻǸоԴһΣָܿ
ģ
ޱ˳ȥһֱ۱Ҷ㽣ֱնϣԪشڵϿʼ鴤
ʽ
ҶЩûзӦаʽɱУԪҶԽ뽣֮Уʽ
⻹ʩչһΣҶ㲻ֻԽԽղһҶ㻹кܶط޲ʩչĲǺ
Сףˣڵ£
Ҷ㳷ȥ󷨣ѾûκвԪѾˡ
С׵˷ܵ˽ȥԪȫգֻһöڵҶ㡣
ϧҲͻƾ磬ȻöڵҲлؾ
ڵҶ΢ϧ˵öڵֻܰԼԪƷˡ
ϥ£Ҷ㿪ʼȡڵľԪһľڵ֮С
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úúãû뵽ڵ
ЩԪҶԪþҲڲϵǹǿ󣬸ԪкܴĹϵ
ҶѾ˼ޣٲͻƾ緢չҶڷΪ֣ͣؾҶҪҪԪ
һ֮ڵҶյһɶҲغ۷壬ֻһ֮ң
վҶȫһžŤŤӣʮ
ͻˣ
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ҲûˣСûлصָһͷǺܴĽޣֻȮСĽǱһСˣС׵ϣ˵Ц
ҩ鲼Ҵ죬ɼһЩҩȡħͻƵء
˹飬ҶѾ飬Դය죬ֻɭΧҶͷ˺ü꺱ҩ룬϶иϡҩ
磬ģ
СʮָˣղŸĽһС֪ԼʲôޣҲ֪ǰ£С΢˸С
СһԺúõĸС󣬿϶ָܻǺһĻԻͣѾ½ҲҲһֻ
ӸղСʩչռ֮֮Ľ׾͸о棬ȷϣڿ϶ĸСףȻĺ
һһһ飬ɭ濪ʼεҩ׷ײɼ
ת֮䣬Ҷɭִʱˣɼ˴ҩ㹻ʮöħ԰ؾ
һ죬ɭƺв˽
һҴｫָϾص壬Ϣ̫ǿ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ɭ֣̣ǻָ񼫺֮ء
ҵһɽҶ˽ȥС׸Ľ棬鿿
һ鿿ҶͻͷŹ֮⣬鲻ҿ
ǰ죬֣ҶҲ˺ܶࡣ
ɽҶ㽫޾Ѫ˳ʱ֮䣬һɿµɷħɽ棬ЩѪݱһͷɷħ


953 Χ
һ׵޾ѪŨѪ֮ɽγһ޴ɷħٲЩɷħγԼʶҶ㡣
񣬳֣
ҶһͺȣˣȱϴδսͲһҪϡ
ڳ⾫ѪĴ棬Ҷӡָ
ӴЩѪһ̣ԼٶȻָ˱Щ޾Ѫ

ףȷС棿
һſ֦ǲ֮ɫףǹʱ䣬Ȼ߽ɭ֡
ϢѾ˺üʱ䡣
ɫ䣬ǳ٣һаϢ
ɭ֣ǡֿܵ𣿡
һˣսսƺЩ¡
СʲôµģƬuʦһö浤ÿԱǣȻ飬Ҳû֮ǣ
˵īŴȤĿһ˺ܿɭ
Ƭuʦ֣˵Ҷ㵽к֮Ȼɭִ죬ѵҲ浤ֶ𣿡
ī˵ʵĿ
пܣ
ƬuĻҲȽ٣Ƕ⼸ˣûġ
ǰˣСģ
ǰ濪·ͻȻӣǰӰζɭ֡
˻ǰӰ£ȥ־ȻһŮȫעڲɼһҩ

īϳһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
˭
īȥͼƼˣƼңʶ˱Ƚ϶࣬׸Ƭuʶ
ҶʾŽʦ㣬ó
īŹŹֵûҶ㣬ȻʦҶʾ
ˣ϶ǳɭִ󲿷ҩģɼȥƵҩԼ硣
Ʋ˵
˷׷׵ͷҶʾֻһĿģ϶ǲɼҩ
׸Ƭuһۣӱ˴֮УͬĴ𰸡
Ӱܿ쿿ҶʾΧ

һУɭƽ

һʱȥˣҶ۵ͷ󺹣޾ѪԽԽ٣Ҳ޸һ첲һȣطδȫָ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҶΪƾһ޾Ѫܽȫ޸ڿǲҪ޾Ѫ
֮ķʱ䣬Ҷһ£Լս죬ȥ֮ħһ죬졣
Ҷ㼸ʱ˿ʱ䣬Ҷȫźˡ
Сʱ䣬޾ѪĴҲָ߰˰ˣ۷廹һξ룬Ҫ޾Ѫ
뿪ˣ
Ӵ֮߳һµϢɢȻﵽؾҲøƶһ硣
һУҶɽ֮˳׼뿪ɭҶ㲻ҽ룬˾飬óȻȥѰ·
˰죬ɭʧ٣Ҷһ·Ͽ̻ټǺţҲû·˳ԭ·ߡ
ˣ뿪ʱ䣬ҶҲоؾ֮ԿϧҲκֻܵԺȥڴˡ
ɳɳɳ
紵ɳɳ·
ôо
ҶҡҡԴղɳɳ·Ҳ紵
ԣһ˲ڰУ
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ҶһȣΪȥǱ
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Ҷ˵꣬ӰܿЦгɱÿһֳ
ףƬu
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫô֪ԼҺ͵Ⱥڴˡ
ܽ벻ǻְɣ
ī¶˷ǳı飬ϷŰı飬˵
ҵȷû뵽ǾȻᵽһ𣡡
ҶʾСװʮЩ˺ȻǳԼ
ûʲô벻ģǵĿֻһǾɱ㣬ߵһ̫ˡ
ī͵˵ĵˣԼѣֹҶ֪ǵȻҲ
ף㻹ǲģϴûɱ㣬ڣ
Щ֮УҶɱˣһֱףϣѰԴ֮
˴˱˴ˣ
ɫĿ£ѪĹϵޱɺ죬϶ɢһɺɫϢ
㣬ƼҲúѵѪ𣿡
ҶתԴƬu˹ȥ
ˣҵȻúõ
Ƭuǳ䣬һµɢغڣսʵٴ
ΪҶͻ֮󣬽ʱأ˭Ҳû⡣
ֻһܰȫ뿪ˣ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦȻôҵҶţ϶кܴĹϵ
棬һֽ׷˵٣Ҷֻ˽һЩлһƬհףá
ײһ˴ʮа
֪ѪĶ֣ǽһǵ֮ǰһᣬʲô˵ɣ
Ƭuǳ·ҶһҶھһʬ
˲ϲ˵ʲôԣ£ȻˣҲӦãǣˣʬĶûУѵǲ˵˵𣿡
Ҷ㷴һ䡣
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ī̲סˣ֣ҲƵˣʵؾ
һлһƵǵᦷᦵıɢŨŨ
ƬuֳֳһµĽ⾹ȻҲﵽ΢ϧֻСɾҶ΢⣬Զ
ְɣԥˣ
СӣҶǵЦԽԽŨɱ¾֮ɢɺɫĹâ²ϧŨɱ¾֮
ɣ
īһ֣γǺϻ֮ƣֳ򣬸ֳɢµĽϾ˶ؾʵ֮УҲٮٮˡ
ҿӦǣ
һһ˸ɱ¾֮ﵽ˰ĵزַݺύγ֩һ̬εԭء

һȣѪ֣žԴҶһ˲ӡ
˻
ʣͬʱһһŵƬu϶¶Ũ֮ɫһնɱˣʵֻغ۷
ƤҶûһ˿飬ɱ¾֮Ӵǵһ̣ľҶյһɶ
ͷ­δԪѣҲԶˣͷֻ۾һҶ㣬ƺвʡ
ȴŨŨľ£ʶһʴǵĻ꺣
Ǳߣס±ӲҪǲǵˣ
һͷ­ֱըҶԪһն
úݵֶΣʣͬʱҶɱַһ;Եˮһбôġ


954 вҶ
ˣҶ㽫ɱ¾֮ϵѪһ飬ַɭĹâ˿̵Ҷ㣬һа
ףһ֣
Ƭuüͷ΢壬ʱ£ҶʵȻ˵ز֮ǰҶѪûɡ
ڿһɱʵѪ֮ϵīˣݲƬu⡣
ã
׵˵ͷҲܵҶǿһˣĵ˵һԡ
䣡
ܵͻȻһҵӿӿܳһͷͷ飬γɵԹȻɭ档
гһĽͫɫ𣬷੽ʮֹ죬Ƭu壬һżǿĽ
ǳͫƼŽ˲ܴﵽƬu־磬ȴָ
Ƭu֣׺ԥеһ趯ɫϢҶûƾ춯أ
Ƽң׵ʵٴδҶͻƵأʱĲǼ˶֣»ᱻɱ
ԥϢͷųһʺ磬Ʋ񷡣
㾹ȻҲͻˣ
Ƭuɫ䣬û뵽Ҷ㾹ȻҲͻˡ
𣿡
ҶЦһȻ֪Ҷ϶ͻƣȴû뵽Ҷֱӽ۷壬ٶҲ̫ˡ
Σ
˵꣬͸һɭ֮һаȫ£Ǻɫ
ৣ
ƬuĽܿ죬׵ķ֮£ƬuҵһξѵĻᣬô˿յһֱϮҶţУҶ϶Խѡ
˺µϢϢֹЯһ֮Ҷ˽ĺϻ֮С
ʱ֮䣡
Ҷ֮ʣһĹҶƾһȭء
Ȼˣǿ֮Ĳൽж󣡡
ȻսҶ㲻ʲôһŨƥĴɱںӿŲһ̤Ϊ֮ζ
˵֮䣬Ҷǰ̤һܿռ֮ѣѾǰһȭֱӳ׺£ɱ¾֮ǳƬu
䣡
ϣ
֣ϢתһЩһɨգԲǧףΪƽء
飡
ԶԶûн徹ȻҶһȭУҵһ㻤׳֣εסԼ塣
ϧŬͽ͵ģҶһȭǺŭ֪һȭôֲˣ˵·ȫѹ촷ۣ׵һɳһҶֱӴˡ
꣡
ױɣƬu˼ͻȻһеĳһΪȻأɱ¾֮һնϡ

ƬuһſҶϾȻӵа
е۹⣬ҲĿˣ
һУҶƵ˹һȭףһնƬuĳɫ䡣
Ҷ㲻ԷκλᣬֳֳƬu£һͷӥʳޱȣһлɱ
Ϊ޷ɱ𡣡
ƬuŭղŲδȫ̽һΪһ֣ƬuС˼ȫ֣óһ
һ֣ǼƷԪҶİȣ³ˡ
ڤ粻飬쵽˭ɱ˭
ƬuǲģҶ㳹ͷµĽ˺Ѳ񷣬һɢɲĺ⡣
ﻹˣһħ񣬸ղŵɱһģƬu˶ݵͣ٣ҶȣƬu˵㡣
һҶ㣬Ƭu¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ֮ҪɱҶ㣬Ҳɵ⡣
֮òӣƬuȣȻȥƬuҲ޷ˡ
һͷͻҶһʰȫ£ԡһһһɱǣֳɱ¾֮¡
ױˣҶ˿ֲƣϱޱѿվӣԥս֮С

Ҷһŭһȭ£ҵ罫ٴξ˳ȥ
ɫ䣬֮䣬ྐྵȻ֮һ䣬Ȼһ޴ĳӡ
оԴʮֻǣϰֻ֣ʲôӣΪа
䣡
ӲҶһȭˣδܽˡ
׵ӣҶҲһľѵı壬ǾŸԴһѨ
ڻ׵һ̣ƬuղһҶˣǲģͻȻðӣƬuĪ˿ûʱԥȫ֡
ɣ
ƬuСһϵϴҶɱŨң֮Уһƣ΢ɡ
Ƭuɫ䣬ҪѾˣҶĽ޼᲻ݣǺ˰׵۳ӡ档
ɫĽâɨգƬuնȥǰκζΪޡ
꣡
һѪƬuһҽУҺöܼʱһȴʧȥһ첲
㡭㾹Ȼնһ첲
ƬuƺЩһжģ߱۰ϣʧˣɱ¾ֱ֮ӽ顣
׵۳ӡһ޼᲻ݵȻʣҲɱһƿ
ҶһƬuһ׳գûһɱҶ㶼ʮƣȻϴܽһС
ס֣ס֣ȻҾɱ
Ҷ׼ֻɱƬuʱһȳˣղ˵ΧЮһŮˡ
ʦ㣡
Ҷջƣ֮УЩţʦôЮˡ
ʦܣҪңɱЩ
ЮֵҶʾɭֲɼҩñ׵ƣвҶ㡣
ұ죡
ЮҶʾӷһȣ졣
бɱңвҶʦܣʲô£
ҶʾĽƽʱʱ򣬾;۸ǹŽĵӣԴұȽϤ
ҶɫĿ£ɱ¾֮ϵɱһۣ׻һӵģʮаڵС
ҶʾǱƣͶĵŻ³
ҿ뿪
Ҷһѹеŭƽ˵
˵Ц𣿡
Ҷʾ֣ҲΪҶ˵Ц
Ҫô
ҶλʦʦȻʶʱ䲻⼸죬磬ҶܿǶԼҲǺǻмӡ
ҶΪԼ˼ҶʾҶ㻹
±Ǵã
еذ׽ĵסҶʾĲӣҶ±
ʦܣҪģ˲ҪҪɱ쵰
ҶʾҶ±ʱ˶뿪
ʱ俼ǣ±ҾжĲӣ
˵꣬ذǰһͣҶʾ¶һ˿Ѫ˵
ƬuϽô˽ƿסˣҲΪΣɫȴѿҪƺԼ̬ʮֲ⡣
һֱС׶վһ󣬻һӣ磬ʱȻ߹ȥʮֻ
±Ȼͻ˾ͻһ޹һҲκ
ٴκȵСף͸ˡ


955 Σ
һսҶʾĲӣһ˿˿ɺѪҺ˳Ž׵ĲҶʾϺ޾ɫ
±Ȼɱ
Ҷԥ֮ɫȳ⣬ذ״̽ԽԽ
ãҿԷ±
ҶͻȻɱ¾֮ɢȥϵɱ֮Уȴ˸ɭɭâ
Ƭuʦ֣û°ɣ
ҶɢȥƣҲ˾裬֪ĺѾʪ͸һƬƬu㶼ҶҶʾΪʣǽ춼Ҫ
û£
Ƭu˿ڴ֮ʹıʧֻҪأһܶ֫
ףȥɱ
ʱ׷ԸȻҪɱҶ㡣
ãҶʦܣ֣ҪǵȦף
ԼȥԸҶ㣬ҶʾٴκϣҶ㲻Ҫ˼ɣֽ˻ɱ
׶ҶƺһЩɵûǰһɫƳ֣
ֳһƬţҶ㵽׳֣֣϶׵һƬuһԻ
ʱСƵߵͻȻ֮䣬һռ֮ųˡ

գۼĹ򲻼ˣ֪ռ֮Ŵ͵
˲䣬ɱ¾֮ٴγҶϣһɱϢµɱҶǻ֮УӿҪնѡ
ɣ
ͬˣҶʵȻ࣬ŸԪȫҶ㶯ŭ˾ȻҶʾвԼ
С׼ʱʩչռ֮ţڸδǳ˵Ĺǲ˼Ҷʾ
İνռ䣬ϳ־ŸӰҶﵽ˼£ĽַԲǧףǡ
Ƭuɫ䣬ѵҶʵ
ݲǣҶĽϮһǴɵ΢ƬuŵϢŨĽ֮£Ȼ˵ֵ
꣡
Ƭu屻ҶһؾҶȫɱ
׵ҲҶϱһɫĹâֱӳ֮С
ףڣ
ҶһȣӿƳȫмԴҶ춼Ҫնɱ
콣⣬ЯҶеķŭŭ棬һףҪնɱס
ҶµĽԼ˵ɱٴλΪһö޴ĳӣΨбɳӣʵŻ
䣡
ҶĽվڳӵ֮ϣһſԴƾըѪգŻ඼ըɳ
ɣٴһڶг֣һƥĽɨ죬׵εƬΧ֮ڣҲѷɡ
۷壬Ҷǰȫѹ׺޷֮޷Ҷγκвóʧˡ
Ըˣ׾Կ£ûɱΣǶҶ㣬ֻǰ衣
Ҷӵۣ֮ܿһղʩչҲһֺаҶȫá
飡
öͷ­ըղŻǾŸͷ­ֻʣ֮ҡڲѪȾ˵棬׷һŭ
ֳҲ̶ã⣬׾޴壬Ҷնϵķѣûһõĵط
ʣµԴҲҡҡ׹ʱܱҶնһȫʧҲ֮
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Ҷ˳һ˲䣬ȫըΪһѪ⣬忪Ҷʧʡ
ˣ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫƺ˼Ҳڳ˼
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սָƽҶʾһֱվ棬𾪵ԸӣҶһˣնɱˣһˣƼҶûм
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Ҷƺױߵ飬һֱһߣԺ϶ᰵټֶԸԼÿζôˡ
ʦ㣬û°ɣ
ҶŷӦҶʾϻˡ
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Ҷһڣܸܲؾ֮Կ׷ɱġ
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Ҷ㷴ʵ
һֵҩȱһֲϣֻɭֲУҾͽˣ˭֪ǣͱǡ
治˵ˣҶ㶼֪ˡ
ˣ
ҶʾһҶ㣬ЩͳҶҲƬuв
ʦ㲻Ҫ˵ʦˣ׸ƬuһûмƼҵʱ򣬾Ѿ˶Թ
ҶûȷʵԼҶʾ
໥˼䣬һɭȥ
ʦҪҩɼ𣿡
Ҷ㻹Ҫȥսɼ޾Ѫ޸ɭûбҪȥˡ
Ѿɼˣʦѵȥ𣿡
ҶʾˣҶû뿪սĴ㡣
ҹƻҪ죬ʦ£Ȼصɣսʱ̳ΣʦһҲȫ
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Ҷʾƺˣһζ׷Լϲģһ˻ϴιŽ壬ҶͻȻ֣ǿ¶ƺĽ¡
ҶЦһҶʾԼ뿪Լܸܲ˼߰ɣҶԷʦ㣬Լʦܡ

ͻȻ֮䣬ǰ洫һҽУҶҶʾ䣬ڲҽֵĵطֻһӰزڲϵĳ鴤
򣿡
ԭ򣬱С״ͳȥ֮ɭ·ˣͻײһĶڵز𣬿°ĭ
˹򷢳
ȾңȾң
ȻжʶѣҶҶʾʼġ
һʹӣҶʾЩ̣Ҷ㣬ϧҶ֮Уֻûһ˿˼
Ϊɻ
һɨͷأҶҲǰһѣóܸĶ塣
ʦǲΪҺ̣ܲ
Ҷʾһ֮ɫҶûбܻ䣬ֱʵ
Ҷʾû˵Ǳˡ
ȥɱƬuͻᱩ©ʱ϶֣ŪǶǣնݲĵ
Ҷ㽫ϵ˵˳
ҶʾһԼû⣬ֻΪԷǼӣӦðһѣûôࡣ
ʦܣҴˣȥ϶ʦܣ
ҶʾȻԼϴˣղȷʵ˴ȱ֮ġ
ʦ㻹̫ˣ
Ҷ㰵˵粽ɭȥ
뿪ɭ֣Ϣȫʧѡ˺õķҶҶʾսȥֻкܶޡ


956 ħ
ļʱҶ㶼ս϶ȹһ㵥ޣҶ㶼Ҷʾȥ似
ޣҶŻ̶֣̼칦Ҷܹ޸ľѪҽɱޣҶĽǾ١
֮ҶҶʾ˻ɫһâ˰뿪սҪҶԤƵǰһ
˴Ҵһص˹Ž壬ҶҪһҪħڶҪס
׻ص˼壬һϲ㣬Լⲻһ鷳Ҷʱ򣬲鷳ס
ƼҴڹؼʱ̣Ҷ㲻ϺȣΪԼƵ˼ȥ
Ҷ֮ƼɣҲ˼ɣҸ˵ϾΧҶ㣬׷ҲѲ˸ϵ
صŽ壬λʦֶڱչأҶûȥصԼѾȫָҶֶһɱﵡ
ڽҪͷԼƷʣҩˣֻƵҩ
ϧаŮڱչأǬ޷ãֻϱĵطƵҩˡ
ˣ
ҶʾĶˡ
ʦܣʦǲʲô飿
Ҷվڶ棬Ҷʾʵ
ǸǸʦ¯һá
ҶЩ˼ԼŽ壬ûٸλʦʦ鷳
ʦҲ
ҶҪ¯Ҷʾ˫۷һ⡣
ԶһЩ
ҶӣԼˮƽܶطǰаŮָģԼҲһӣûааŮİܲƳħҶ㶼˵
ħǼƷƷҩɵĴڣʮƣҶûбİ취ǰİ취ֻħˡ
ҲػѾˣȻʦҪҰ󣡡
Ҷʾһǰɭ֣ʣҩȫɼȫȲҪƣڵˮƷƳƷ鵤ѾǼޡ
ʦܾͲˣ
ҶʾĴ֮£Ҷ߽棬ɢܰڷŸֹΣ棬һׯ԰û뵽ҶʾȻԼĶõۼ
ڿԼĶҶ㲻Լ˹ͺͺʯ֮⣬
һʯףҶһ֮УɢŨҵĻҶʾ˵ûҪ׼Ƶҩ
֮УҶ㲻̾ҶʦȻţܸе¯ڷ룬һֹһ¯
ػǴɽģҲûٻĸʦ֣־ͷϣԲЩŵӡ
ʦܣһ˲ҩҪȥȡ
ҩϰڷŸҩɷݻ֣ϸıע
лʦ㣬ʦѾ׼ˣ
Ҷһ¯ԱߣܵػƼƷƷҩػǲġ
ʦܣ費Ҫʦæ
Ҷڵ¯ԵһȦҶʾΪҶ㲻䷨Ҫ˵Ҷƣֲ˼˵
ʦ㣬ǰƵҩ𣿡
Ҷɻʵ
ǰѵʲô𣿡
Ҷһɻ֮ɫҶʾҲûˣѵԼһֱǴģ
û⣬ʦֻʣ
Ҷûм׷ʣóһЩʯڷܣʼ󷨣Ƶҩʱ򣬻ɹʡ
ҶʾվſڣҪߣ̲סվסˣϾ͵˼ǲʵ顣
ʦ㣬һת󷨣Ƶҩʱ޷
Ҷ㲼ú֮󣬳ſڵҶʾ˵
ϾҶһƼƷƷҩȷʵûףаŮڣƣǳɹҲӡ
ʦܣѵ㲻֪أÿ˶мɻĶ±֪ʦƺʰɡ
ҶʾȻ֪ҶǶʣ֪ģ͵һּɻ䡣
ʦˣʦû˼ɻĶ¿󷨣鷳ʦЩ˼
ͬʦֽܣҶûʲôԱܻģϴΪԼ㺦ҶʾҶһֱĴΡ
ԼƵҩܰʦ㣬ҶҲǻһ顣
ʦˣȻˣʦͰ㿴󷨣
Ҷʾ߽⻹һοʱҪϣҲһĪ
ҩĪԪأֱǽľˮԪأǳϡ٣׵Щҩ󷨾ͲˣƵĽħԪأҲõ󷨽ҪĿģάƽ⣬һĳһ˵ҩпը¯
Ҷ㲼֮󣬸Ҷʾͣһ᲻󷨡
ҶʾĿǹªˣȻСʦܾͨ
󷨵ý֮ͨҶߵ¯ǰʱ¯ȣҪҶǰĹó׼õҩҶһ׼ʮݡ
ҪҶһ˸߼ĵҩҲûף׼ʮݣħԽԽãߵľ硣
ħķҶ㽫һҩ¯֮Уٿػ棬ʼƵҩ
ַϵҶʾ˫ʱû뿪Ҷ˫֣ҶƵҩʱ򣬾ȻһЩ棬ʮء
ҶƵҩַʮֹ죬һƵҩһ¯ּʮţҶƵʱ򣬺Ȼһһŵơ
ɹʼͣķʱ䣬һʮţ³ɹһ룬ҲǷǳߵĳɹˡ
ǵƵҩַȻһһöҩǵҩƷʣԳƵ
һᴿܿҶʮĽҩҩԶ֮ʱʮƽûвļ
ڶʼڵᴿҩԿʼںϵһҪȷַԼǳĲٿؼܣܿ죬ҲȻҩЧ໥ų⡣
ʮҩɷֲͬںϵʱ䵱ȻҲͬҪƵҩˣԵҩĳɷ㹻˽⡣
֮ǰҶѾ˺ܶΣԵҲǺİһжɵת
ڶڵʮ˳¯֮УѾŵҩζ
վһԵҶʾ𾪵˵ҶƵҩٶҲ̫˰ɣһյʱ䣬һöҩڵɹ
һᴿͻѺܳһʱ䣬ڵҪһʱ
һһ¯ҩʮż㣬ƾڵҪʱ䡣
ǵںһҩԣ׵һ𣬲γɵҩģ
˵¯ʼεԿʼƽ⣬֮ҡ
ʦ㣬ƽ⣡
ҶʾڷҶͳ˵һ䣬֮еҶʾѡ
Ҷʾһͷ亹ΪԼҶһ¯ҩϣٿ󷨣֮ƽ״̬¯ҡƽϢȥ
һӡҶɳע뵽¯֮УϵĴĥõػ֮õҩҩԳ׷ӳ
һ˿˿ڵʱȥҩӸղīɫһ㳯īɫչҩҲԽԽŨ
ַҶüѾֺգһֵҩһּġ
Ҷͻڣħ޷Ƴ


957 ͻ
öͷϵĺˮҶٵᴿҩȫȥöƷƷħҲǳɹˡ
ҩ磬ɹֻһ֮ңҩڵ¯棬תʮö

ػͻȻһ˳ĵػ¶ߣƳĵҩɷַǳĺá
Ҷʾע֮£Ҷһģ¯ͻȻƿһöīɫĵҩˣֱӷɵҶҩһɢȥ뵽ҩڲ
ƷƷҩ
Ҷʾһħû˵ҶֵҩҶʾ֪ҩɷָ
Ǵ˿̵ҩŨԼȣöҩƷʣȻǼƷĽƷҩһɵ
ûȷǼƷƷҩ
ҶûΪҲû뵽һ¯ͳɹˡ
ûͣҶƣ㽫в϶ƳҲûãҪħ
ƺˣڶ¯һֱ¯ȫʧܣҩϡ
ܽǰľ飬Ҷڵ¯ҵоٴγɹƳ
ֱھ¯ҶѾƳöħ㹻صزˡ
ʦ㣬һ¯ƣ
ƾ¯ҩҶ嶼ʪ͸ˣһʱ䡣
ҡ𣿡
һʱ䣬ҶʾѾҶ㳹ˣȲ˵ҶˮƷΣƾһʱƾ¯ҩѾǰ޹ˡ
Ķ഼ԪԼʶҶ㲻ؾԪȻ֧һʱ䣬ֱ˼
԰ɣղʱĦ˾ű飬Ӧû⣡
Ҷ˵ҶʾƳƷƷҩһʵķԾ
ʦԣ
ҶʾȷʵĶˣĻɲһҶָ㣬һĪİ
Ҷ㽫ҩվһԣָҶʾᴿ
ᴿҪܶʧܵԭ򣬶ᴿĲãҩûȫȥʱʧܡ
Ҷᴿ֮Ҷʾᴿ֮ҪԼᴿ֮Ϻܶ࣬ᴿŨҲԼ
ܿһɣڵԱȽϸӣҶ㻨һյʱ䣬Ҷʾǻһʱ䣬ŽҩںϣûҶںϵĺÿ͹ƽҲǴֲڲ
һַҲǰҶ˵ȥٶ˲٣Ҳӡ
Щ͹ƽĵطһ޸ֲڵıҲʼ⻬ǸҶƵȣ΢һЩ
ʱһһйȥҶʾĶͷ֮ϣѾ飬һƼƷƷҩҲһּս
ҩһ磬һö۴Сĵҩ׳ֻͣҪԼӴĥܳɵ

ϵػ𣬵ҩٵתҶʾҲ֣һӳҩⵤҩʡ
ҩ䵽УҶʾֻУţöҩԼơ
ϲʦ㣡
ҶʾɹƳҶҲˡ
ʦܡ
Ҷʾ֪˵ʲôҶ㾹Ȼһ飬ƾַͼֵǷһǼƷƷҩԼƳһöƷƷҩǿؾˡ
뵽ЩҶʾǸмҶûв˽Լѧͨһʱ䣬ޱĴڸԼ
ʦ㲻ÿˣʦܻ£öҩ͸ʦ㣡
ĿѾﵽҶ뿪ȥ֮󣬾̷Ʒʡ
ãʦסˣԺʲô飬ʦܾᣡ
ҶʾҲ֪ʱ˵Ҷ̫ʱ䣬Ժദӻкܶࡣ
ʦܸǣ
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ӿһۣԵ˵ͷſڶöһԵ˵ͷû˵Ҳ˵ˣֻڳ˲֪ѣ˼õǴ
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Сʦܣ㾹ȻҲͨˣ
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ըһ޴ӣзԲף൱۷һȼǺܸˣϾڳЩ˿̻൱سһ

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˵Ҷ㣬Լһδη񶨣ϳŭ⡣
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һۣһЦ
ٲģҪҪ̸
ʯɿһҶ㣬¶ЦݣҶûˣΪҪԼȫԼŽ뿪й¶ܡ
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ܽصһ֮ɫΪҶһ죬ѡӦڡ
Ҳ˵ܽ˵Щܽ˵ÿһ仰ˡ
Ҷص˵֮ϣѱһգЩʯҲȥ
СʦܣھסԺ棬Ҫǳˣֱҡ
Ҷ䵽֮󣬾յһϢģԭû뿪ȥסĵطȥˣĽݵס档
ʰ飬ͷһ¥ҶӿŲסȥ
ɷ֮Ҷ㴩ڴ֮ϣ򵥵һҲû֪ܿ쵽סԺӡ
ܿһۣû˸٣ҶƿԺţȥ
ݣ
ҶƿԺŵʱһ쵶ҶϮּֿʮһ˿µɱ棬ɱ⾹ȻԼɱ¾־֮ͬ
ҶӦɱ¾֣֮һɨֵסˣžͷһ
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ܴ࣬ܿ쾪Ժˣ׷׳˳ҶҲ˭Լ
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Ҷһɻ֮ɫղųˣȻʶҶ㲢֪ʲô
ڷῼ˵ʱһĬĬŵ꣬ʱҲҲ࣬Ҷӡ̣仹һѲ񵶣ʱҶˣû뵽Ȼ
ƺҲû뵽ղŴԺľȻҶ㣬÷˵һš
ôҶӳ֣ҶӵǸ
Ľݵ˳Ȼ˷ʲô顣


965 ԥ
ԭмΪҶǻˣͻȻóȻ֣ղһҶ㣬һˣԽ£Ūûˡ
ĽݵˣԺ˳ҲУҶǰͻȻ֣Ľݵǳһ䣬ϽҶǸ
һҶ㣬ڿһĽݵԷʹʹɫ
ðʧˣ£
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ĽݵԺţҶ뵽˴֮УĽݵ֮һԺˡ
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ἾҶ˵Ǹо˲һ㣬˵ƺʲôһ
ԺҶӾǵӣȻҶˣҾͿɹ˵Ը˳ģԼ뿪ҪģԺҪҶӡ
Ľݵǻ˼ʮ꣬Ӽ˵֮УȻܿЩƺҶЩ
ϾҶ㿴ǻҪСڶҶľǸ߲ȥǳϷҶ㣬ƺЩѶȡ
ԭΪҶһһ֣ҪǷչһʵŴӦʱ鲢
ӿһۣƺЩԥū۵ǿ϶ˣΪ˰ū۵һȦӣǱūۣûбҪȥһ
ܽҼ͸ˣ
мϷһɱɱȻҪҶ۾磬޼ҲؾҡϧǣȻһץһѣûпɽֻܱūۡ
Ҷ㿴һۼڿһˣǵͳһ
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Ľݵ¶һ˿֮ɫҶо֮ȻϣҶˣϣҶܴһأлᱨ
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Ҷ˵ͷûϢһƽһ㣬֪Ҫһ
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ʹõһֻʣһ㣬续㾦Ҷ˫۵Ҳޱȣسÿ˶иԵص㡣
ἾʹõǶǹǹͬǹνһ糤һǿǹ϶Ҳй֮
ǹһҶ֪ΪѡǹΪֱ۷ǳĳʺʹöǹʹóǹһ׸
춼似ӰӣҶεĿԭأҶ㲻ܣ϶ᱻɱȻǲôˣû·ҶԼġ
ܷǿʼϮܣҺѲú󷨣ԺҪϴʱ򣬼ֻһԴڵԺһ
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ΪҶɵʱҶͻȻһ澵һЩ似˳ȥҶ㻹վԭأǾˮ£õȴ
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ⲻܣ
ЩףҶվԭûжΪЩ似ʧˣ޷塣
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ûʲôܣһֵ壬ܵǿ򣬽Լʱ֮ڸıλãֻǿѣԿǵĹʧЧˣʵһƬʱա
Ҷ͵ƿռ˲ƣڼٶȣҶʧˣȥһƬʱգȵ似ʧʱҶֳˡ
ôʮðգһԷʵĺǿѹסҶ㣬޷ȥΪշǣҶҲðôġ
Ҷûиǽ͵̫࣬Եء
ѾˣǲҪһ
һǵЦԽԽŨˣɱ¾֮ģһ޵ɱ֣ɱ¾֮ģȻҶ㲻ɱˣɱ¾֮Ҳɢɱ
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һɨֱͬʱˣ벻鷢ˡ


966 
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һɨֱͬʱˣ벻鷢ˣһΪ壬ֱȡԴǾȻ֪η
ĸоһһѪ˳ֻǴ̼һЩƤδ˼
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˵ᣬҶĽʮֲ⣬Ҳٸ֣һǺ޻֮Ҷ㻹ǵһˡ
ظҺ棬ҲǲһУ
νǿվֻһн˵һǿĽܵ˾ɢɼҲԵüˡ
ǸʱȻóǲҲҪǸصĸԼ
ˣԺǲܵɽ͹Ǿü
Ҷһܣûκβ֮ģԸҶ㡣
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ҶͻȻһ֮Ϣȫ˱仯
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˵ʵһһŵ˽⣬Ӳϧ似Ϊ³ˣҪٽһҪıԼһ߼޸߼似
ղһ֣ҶҲ͸˵ĻΪûкõĹûкõ似ǸעشĥԼ壬Եӷǳĺá
ϧ˼ңиԴȥõĹһЩ壬ţǸȥͽı׼ǻﲻ
ЦһҲˣĸŶԸҪǣϾɳޡ
İɣһõĹõ似õõԴ
Ҷն˵֮УҲǳһɺ
һۣƺϣ
屾似ѡģԼһ£
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˲ԥʶ׷׽빦似֮Уһ¶˷֮ɫһ˿֮顣
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ԺٸҶҼڶʮ˼ɣ̫Ҳã˶Ŀ⵽һЩĴǿ϶ǵԴֻᱻϷһΡ
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ĽݵʮҶ㣬û뵽꾹ȻԶ࿴Ҷһۡ
˵Դ⣬ôˣûдԴǲģҴһʱ䣬ʱ鷳Сʦ֣ҳȥȡԴ
δ뿪Ҷתӣ˵
ʦʲôҪҰæģ˵
н죬ܴ󲿷ֶΪҶ㣬Ҷûвˣʮֿġ
Ҵ̻õȥڻȡԴһʱ䣬㹻Сʱˡ
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û⣬Ҳ뿪ú
Ҳд⣬ʱס
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ҶԼ棬֪ڸʲôҲûдڼˣڻڱչأµĹ
ָѾˣҾȻδɹ
ҶⱾӷõɼ似Ȼһָ£һָ£׶񷣬ɽ塣
ȻûɹҶҲһЩͷֻҪ綼Ὣɹ
赤Ҷûжãȵ۷ʱڷãЧѡ
ΪҶ㲻ͬڳˣһö赤ȫ԰أҶǳ˾űһö赤Ҷȵ۷ʱͻƣʴӡ

Ҷһö޴̻һżҲһεĽ
ʶ뵽֮УҶϸĦķͼĻ꺣ݺύ
ʱһȥת֮䣬ȥˣҶԼķչؿҪʮˣδгص˼
˵ʮ죬Ҷ˫ۣһϾƣ֮ɫ
ø֮Ǿ֮ˣΪԼ̻ǳǿ󣬵ǸȣԵޱС
ҶԼҪһɾͣƾǲģҪǿ̻ٶȡ
Ҷأ˹ʮʱ䣬ǣҲ˺ܶϢ
Сʦܣˣ
Ҷƣӣûжʲôֻǹĵһ䡣
⼸ɷʲô飿
ҶԴԼﲻŲʣСʦޡ
ûʲô£յһϢ
û̫ı仯Ͼγ˼꣬Ѹٹ̡
ʲôϢ
Ҷ㾫ָˣָʡ
յϢԪҵνǵϢ㱨˻ȥѾ֣ǰǣ׼Ϯ㣬ǻȥ·ϣҲ˺ܶ
Ϣ˵˳
Ҷ˵ͷԼӦ뵽ˣο϶ưոݣһٴԪҸ֣жԸԼ
УһƺҲϴαߵӣϢһţѾʼǵ顣
ٴ˵һϢ
ʭӶ˲ҧһҲҧһȺҲҧˣ֪ˣҾˣҪ취Ū̻弶ĲϣҪ̻ȡԴ
Ҷ㵹ǲΪ⣬֪ҿ϶ŹԼ


967 
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ȥ׼ǱѾϤˣҪ˺ܶࡣ
ݵԪҴ󶯸ɸ꣬ǰȫûж⣬һû֪
ţвϣŻݣ
ҶóԼϵƣʹ֮ɫʮֹϣƣ滹з
Ǻö
սûжʣϽ뿪Ժӣȥ
Ҷһ䣬ϢԽԽ˵õ˹֮Ϊõ˼
ȻûͻƣԪԪ٣ڼ䣬˷׷ó似սһء
Ժ£Ҷ㿪ʼпָָҶղܣɣ˿ڰν
ԪҶ㵤֮һۣ˳ŽѨ֮УֱۣջΪһֱߣҶʳָ֮ϡ
ͣ
һ˳ȥǰʯһָۡ
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Сʦܣˣ
ҶվԺ˼֮˵һ䣬Ҷ㡣
Ҷӳ˼֮˳ղһֱ˼ָҵԼˣָҪƲſԡ
Ҳ˵޷ʩչָǷڵ似̫ķ棬ʩչʱҲ벻
ͨйؼҶı˼·ƴ߶ָЧͼӰҪȸղǿࡣ
ҶԽԽǿָҲԽԽǿ
λǣ
һȶ˵ŮΪͷϴŶңҶ㿴ò
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Ůժ˶ңʮֿĳҶʩһ
Ҷ㿴ڿ˿ƺ
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Щ˼ȻԺӣһֱҶƺˣûҶ㣬ҲûĽ졣
ͻȻһİ˽ȷʵӦҪҶ
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Ҷ֪ĵʲôҲʮֿ˵
ߣǽȥ˵
˵꣬˳ȥ
Ҷӣˡðã£
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˵꣬óһöɫʽҶ
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ǵǰƻһ㲻
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ðɣҵʵǺСŮҵĸףƻһֵܣͣ𣿡
ԭǶĺСŮҶ㶼΢΢һ
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֪ĵλôߣһ֮£֮ϡ
ƻҪܵӡ
㡭ǰ
ŵͻȻǲȵβһŵĿȻǺСŮ˵ݼֱ֮
ţûпܸߵһ˫˴˶кøУǸղŵһܣ׹ѣһս
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һӱþɥ˪һ
ݸôˣԪСݺܸߣǱһЮƣģĶ޲̸޵Ψһ𣬾Ļͬѣûиߵ͹֮֡
ҶվļСʦٴһ겻
Сʦܣ֪ΪҺãǡǡ
һܵ˲СĴӵһμʼȥˣڷᣬ̸ֽ˺ܶ࣬ղ·ϣ֪޲޲
ʲô䲻Ҹ㣬֮󣬰ƻһᵹ㡣
ҶںϿѪ⵽زۣ֮󣬿϶һ죬ݶһס
ǰϱֵʮִݣ֪ҶųԼȻŵЦݡ
ҡҿ𣿡
Щš
ѵʦܶ𣿡
ҶᶨļҪѹ
ҵȻʦܣ
˵꣬۾ðһŻ棬Ϣһӷ˱仯
ֵĿһҶ㣬û뵽Ҷ仰ָţǿ͸Ҷˡ
ܿкøУϧ˫⣬һֱûнϵ𴩣ҲǸ˴һõӡȴû뵽Ȼ顣
ʱ䣬ͻƵؾҴӦ㣡
ҧҧᶨ˵һ䣬֮ڳΪǿߣкξܾɡ
ʱ䣬Ҷϱ黺˺ܶ࣬ﻹģֻǲԸô֮˵
ʱ䣬һ
õı֤ѪҺʼˣʥٴξһЩ
ģȥȥˣ
˵ֱ꣬ȥȥˣҶ
Сʦ֣Ǽӣ
Ҷӣ΢΢һЦ


968 ׯ԰
ڿԲμǰƻҵ𣿡
뿪ˣ˵΢Ц紺ٺϣĿ
˵˵ⳡɣΪҪңҵʣӦòƻҵķ۰ɣ
ҶŰϣ֮УܿһЩߣϧʼգֻЦ⣬һ˿鲨档
һ仰𣿵˵ĵˣԼѡ
һֱЦݣҶ㶼ЩţһսôһôСŮ
˼ҸԪжԹƻҾͳΪѣ
Ҷ֪ʮֲͣԼҲԪңЮԪҵС˫ͬһսϡ
ѵ𣿡
ﾹȻʮ㣬Լļһ
һȥذɣ
Ҷû̸ȥѾû̸ȥıҪڴ֮ţͨһ飬ķչ
ϹҶӴݹ٣
Ҳ֪Ҷ޺øУվӣǡ
Ľݵ˳ȥĽݵ˽һϵİû˵
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ղĽݵһֱ棬̸Ҷ㲢ôбܻ
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Ľݵ˵Լ뷨
ȥмһȥ
ҶԴ𿪰λĵׯ԰ǰƻҵĲҵһᣬͰ
һյʱ䣬һҶ棬׷̤롣
μӣ
Ҷһ֮صĸҶ㡣
иᣬǸһȥ
Ҷֻ˵һ䣬վӡ
ַһʱ䣬Ϣǳ
Ҷ뿪ȥ̻ȥˡ
һĿȻ
ӭҶ㹫ӲμӰƻһᣬһĲμղҶҲˣܶ඼ʶԲȥ̽Ϣ
뿪ԺӣȥϢȥˡ
صԼķ䣬ҶóĲϣЩǿ̻弶Ĳϣʮ󣬹ƻ˲Դ
ҶСʦ֣Ҷ㻹Ĵ粽С
弶̻ѶȻҪ󣬶ҶĿǰؾҲֻ̻ܿ弶ٸ߾޷̻ˡ
ΪȻҶ̻Ҳû̫ɬһööȻ֣ڷֽ֮ϣɺ֮
ʱһȥҶԽԽ̣رǴӷڵһż֮Ҷ̫
Ƽֻ֮ĩȣڵȣȫûпɱԡ
һʱҶɹ̻ʮö۵ͷǴ󺹣ЧҪڷ̻ĻҪ׼Ʈݡ

Ҷһ̻ҲһּģرԪ񣬽ݽߡ
ǺôҲǲԶ̻Խ࣬ҶԼԪӾһ˿˿Ԫ֮ϡ
أҶȥȡԴʮöӦܻȡԴ㹻ʱӻһʱ䡣
ʱƣΪҶ̻ĹϵָţѾͷųҪҶĻҪΪǿ
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ԭǰĸ磬ҶһȻԼ飬϶Ѿ߰ƻң֪ԼҲ֡
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Ҷ̯̯֣ԼɱһŵӵѾʲôܣȻһҲŴԼ鷳
ؾ֮Կ飬׸һ˶棬˫ݡ


972 һָ֮
Լɱһŵӵ飬Ҷûбܻ䣬ҶԷ͵ʱʮˣɱˣһˣȥ֮󣬿϶Լ
ؾ֮Կ飬һѾ͸Ҷ㣬ҶƼҵӣܲ׷ƼȥɱĻᣬȻ
һŵȷǺ˲𣬵ǽ㽫һŵ
۷˵һƾͳҶɨνѹƾ磬ǿտЦȻ۷塣
Ҷɫһ֮УźȻɭ֮Ҷһɱ⡣
ֻһս۷徹ȻҪɱԼҶŭ죬һ޺ˡ
ȻˣǾԸߵף״ԼԺƼҲеλ
ֻҶ㷴һ㣬ָ۳һֱ֮ӽ۷ӡƵ
Ȼǰ̤һֱ۷壬б䣬ǵĺҶϱʱ֮䣬һŨޱȵɱںӿ
ȻҪɱңҾͳ׳ȫ㣬նɱһ֪Ҷֻһ³Ǿ
һϵ˲䣬һ̣ڳ˶оϢϢת
ָ
Ҷʩչ˴ӷɼ似Ҷ棬ͷų
Σ֪֮ĲжôĴ󣡡
˵֮䣬Ҷ˫ͻȻ͵һ̤澹Ȼʼζҵ𶯡
һö׳ָƾճ֣۷֮ѹ£Ǻڤӡ
һֺأ٣Ϣʼת
۷ɫ䣬ҶϢΪǿԼؾȻ޷ѹƣⲻܡ
˴󾪣
һУҶε۷壬֪ܶҶһָжôĿֲ
ҶĿָ۷ʩչȴΪκ似һָ֮£ԵôСϼɼ似ҪһЩɼ似ǿ
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۷һŭ˫о٣ҪֵҶһָϢ֣ɱЩŵӣ׷׳֣꼰Լ
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ҶһȣָͻȻѹ۷ܲסȫ·ͻȻѣһˣֱӹҶǰ
䣡
ϳһ޴ӣ۷εĹҶ֮ңĵطǼӲİ棬֩һƳ죬֪ҶһָжôĿֲ
Сӣң
󾪣һҪֹ֣Ҷɱ۷壬սѾˣȥʦҲûŽˡ
ʦ֣һƽд裬ˣǲԵòƽˡ
ֵһ̣ѧԳˣɲɵסȻҶ϶һ
ŰѧԳ֣Ҷĵ˵ͷղ۷ƣѧԳٳٲϳ֣̽Լ
Լ۷壬Ҳˣ϶ûʲôֵǸղһָðѧ۾һֵһ̣վ˳
ҶĿˣׯ԰Ҳ޷Ƽҽ
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ˣǶǿˣ﷢⣬Ҳýҿ˫һⳡд赽˽Ρ
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ɫ۷ֻʣһſҶ£еŭѷˣôܾʹ˽
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һ˿Լеɱ⣬ѧִҪ˫Ҫ˺Ƥˡ
вׯ԰Ҫ֤ÿһλ˰ȫ߳ַҪ֣ׯ԰Ȼ棬һء
ѧ¶һ˿ŭ⣬ҲһƲ磬ղűֵĺɫΪˣȻҪֵĵ󷽡
ֳձһӳ˺أڳ໥֣˭Ҳһ
һӣһ໥д裬һЩ˺ҲģҸһ۷ܵˣǰƻһȫ־ֶָһɡ
ʱ׵Ķ˵ˣƷʼնû˵ʱͻȻվ˼ԡ
ȲðƻҵһţҲƼңϣ˫ԺΪ۷ܵˣǰƻһȫΡ
Ȼӷˣв֮
һ۶ӣڳֻм֪ˣʵӣѧԲǶߵһöӰˡ
ƻӣ׷֮λԸңУԸǸԸųȨһЩˣвٿӣϣıЩô
ԲѧӣǱҪӵӣΪ˭Ҳ˵׼ǴһͳƻңǶӣԲҵ
Ҷ㾲ĿһУջƣŽŵһ۷壬Ҷһڡ
һĶҲʸμᣬֱ
Ҷ˵꣬صԼλϣǵһˣٴͶ޵Ŀ⡣
أȻҶ˵ڳǶ
ȻҲǸղһָȴ£ǣܲܽһָȻҶȴû˸վ
һţƼңƻңһЩܣ׷ױտڲ˼ʮֹ졣
۷屻̧ȥˣȫͷûһģҶ㲻ѣһֿ϶ɱУƻҾȫʩȣҲ޷۷صԭ۷塣
֮󣬿һԽͷڳŶԼ˫ۡ
Խʦ֣ղ˵˭ث֣
Ҷ¶Цеִ㵣ȫղɱһҶ޷ϵһ
СӵĻ̫ˣºɱ˲գۣһ
ĵ˵
ԽҶһۣȴ֪˵ЩʲôղҶ۷ƣ˵Ҷث֣Ҷһָ۷ϵôԽһ⡣
Сӣ㲻Ҫ˵̫磬ϣһֱôȥ
ԽҲأϻûаջҶ㣬ֻ˵Щݻ
ѵԽʦҲҪָһ
ҶվӣҪȥԽסˣû뵽Ҷ˵Լֻ˵һЩ滰ҶȻˡ
ͬʦֵܣҲԼʦֵܳģ
Խһ˵ΥĵĻǵܲͶĵĿ⣬ղĵĸҶ໥棬Ҷ߳Ҫսȴ˵Խֱһܰ
ꡭ
ܴ֮ƲԽʱ򣬾Ȼͷڹꡣ
ԽֻװûܱȥҶһָ˵ĺãŪҪɺü꣬һЩ۷Ҳˡ
ԽӣҶǸһĨЦǳٴλصԼλϣһٶøٴθ߿Ҷһۡ


973 £
ʮֳƣһʱ䣬ѾǣٴȥҲû˼
ӣ֣ǻ£Ͳˣʹ˸ǣ
վӱһȭͳȥ
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ҶվŰȥ
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ǺңҶ㣬Ҷ㣬Ǽĳ棬ҲѪڣгͷصĻᡣ
Ҷֵȵȣ
ѧԽסҶ㣬
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ѵ֪ǵ˾ţôȥ϶⵽һ׷ɱյϢԪҲжǱڸȥ
ѧЩţҶ㾹Ȼҡڵ߳ȥ
ѵҪһӣ
Ҷ¶Ц⣬ֱ߳ȥȻҶҲ뱻˱
ԣׯ԰ҶֿԵԼļңҸһӭҶסԴŮһӦȫ
ѧǴЦ⣬ϣҶס
˼Ƕӵ˼
Ҷ֪ˣԭǶ£ģԼΪĸ
ֵ˼ҵ˼Ҷֲ⣬ׯ԰͸ҶΡ
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Ҷĳ˺εºܣôܳܶ˵Ĵ񣬾ʹ˸ǣ
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ȻҶֲϽɣҲǿϣҶлҶһӭ
Ʒ۽һ£ǵһ˵˾ܾҾܾʮָɴ࣬ûκء
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Ϣŭʱ䣬һҶ㹵ͨϣܰӶȡ֮λ
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Ʒһ˦䣬Ҳ뿪ˣŵĴÿտյֻʣ°ѧһˡ
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ѪĲ񵶣սһ𣬵䣬һ˱նɱѪһ׶ߡ

µЧȥҶҲԼԺӲԶʱ·̣Ҷ㲻һյʱ͸ϵˡ
ȥ£ҶصԺӣĽݵԺ潹ĶȲƺҲЩʲô


974 ҹɱ
ҶƿԺţһԺӣĽݵضȲ
Ҷӣˣ
ҶĽݵһץסҶ㣬ҶҲһ
ʲôˣ
Ľݵ֮ɫҶæʵ
磬һЩһžݵ׷׵ׯ԰Ϊ˶ԸǣԪңƵƵ˳֣ƺҲԹ㡣
ĽݵȻһЩϵеģܿ˺ܶϢʱҹҶ㻹ûлĽݵΪҶ⵽˲⡣
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ҶܿĽݵĵڹԼİΣ
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ղŹŸҶ˵ֻҶһ˻ˡ
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һܻ
Ҷ㼸Ҫȥȥӭ˻ǸҶ㣬ڳȥܰǡ
ǣҶûϤڳȥпܴ˵ж࣬ҶǰΨһİ취ǵȣǰȫĻ
Сʦܣң
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ԺϸϸĻһҶն棬һػ󣬸ңӦԺӲ㹻Ҷ㲼á
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ٳɣҶϽ˰˿ڣȽѪֹסˣľԪأ޸˿ڣЩصĵطһϡ
Ȼ޸ˣˣҪܳһʱ޸

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һҹƣӹŹؼһʱû֮ˣҪܳһʱ侲
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ǶȥϢɣ뾲һᣡ
Ż켸˹֮ɫҶ˻֣ȥϢһҹʱ䶼ڽжȹҲˡ
һҶ㿪ʼָҲڿ˼Ժ·ôߣ裬ҶܻǰΣ¶޷뿪ǡ
ʵһжʵǿʵôᱻƵ˷ϡ
ҶзŭһжԴʵ
һŵƣԪҵĻҶǳľء


975 ̻
ׯ԰Ѿȥʱˣǿʼָƽʱ䣬һŵ˵ѯҶ䣬š
ԪҲһ׷׵ǾݵľӢҪѰҶ䣬Ȼûκ
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켸˵õԴĹӦΪϵͻƣѾﵽ۷壬һܿء
Сʦ֣Ҹǳȥһˣͽˣκǰ׼ǽֱӿ󷨡
һ֮ҶڴԺţһһŸԪҵѲҲ
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ʼλӣʲôҪǰ
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ΪʵҶҧ֣棬ѾѪˮ
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ѭҶ㷢ԽԽߣһЩǱڵʱļѹȥˡ
ѹԽԽҶ㿹ѹԺȻصʱҲܳܵסԷѹ
ʱһȥҶڸоԼľɶغ۷壬Ҳֻһ֮ңˡ


977 
һööԪԪҶʱѾȥʮˣҶڸо˾ɶ
ʮ죬ҶҲһöԪԪʮֲֿ
վӣҶ룬ȻоͻƵڻͻƵʱ
Щǻָƽƽ棬ȴŰӿȻͣǣҵҶ㣬ݡ
ԪСٴǣ׼Ҷ㡣
ϧһ¹ȥˣҶʯ󺣣ʧӰ١
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ƼҾȻ˴治ĵӣԪңֵһţǵһŵӣԪѰˣһŸԪҵƣƼһк档
ǧɽһŭ⣬ЩǵϢҲյˣ׷ɱȻҲ֪˭
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ƵɣײվȻ֪ĲϣΪƼҼ֮λ˺ܶꡣ
໥ƼҺ䵽˵ز
ӼƼҵĵλһ̾ӪӣҪ߳ܶ࣬ϼ޷ĻɽĿɽԴ⣬ˣѵЩ𣿡
ײʣЩ㣬ЩЩʲô߽ƼңЩ겻ϵģҶֻ֪ǲԸ˵ѡ
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һЩϷ׷׸ǣʮֳƣƺҶƶԼڵ״ǳĲ
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ײһƢŴҶ뿪ˣʼɧ
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һ˿ɱǧսǧɽֻҪΪȻɽ

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СͻƱȽϼ򵥣ҶѾ۷ͣһ£׹˾磬ͻƣȫˮɵ顣
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ʱһŮҴææܵһ֮Уֱƿţš

ŮսȥʮֲŵһĻһֵſһŮϣϵ䶯ţŮͻȻֹͣ˶ѹڷŮҲֹͣ˽
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˫ֺݺݵŮӵһ£еٴαȼ
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ӹȻûв´Ҳ£ˡ
Ů뿪֮¶һ˿֮ɫü֮е뷢һ⣬Щһֱڼߣ̽һЩϢ


979 ֮
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ʱ䲻ˣǰռƻ£Ҫһһһܳ
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Сʱʱ䣬Ҷͣǰ
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˭֪󷨱Сʶƣֻ潻棬ȻŸĻˣ󷨣֮УȻΪԼ׵ɱҶ㣬󷨾Ƕһ١
ԽԽ׼ΧĴڰˣͱˡ
Ȼ֪ҶôԪҵһԿ϶Ҷ϶Ҳʹʲôıơ
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֮һƬţոյϢӵıԪϨǧԪҵĻӾûˡ


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Сվ˻ǰͷεȻе

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û뵽ᷢչһԼŮ裬Ӳɱӻסˡ
ߣƼңһǵļѣȻɱһӣҪΪ˸ۡ
һΣһɿֲϢɢ

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һɽ֮ϣڵأԼܱܵҶɱ̼ܴ󣬴ȥƼңҶɱ
ȻˣΪʦһ⣬Ȼһħѳ
ɽ̨ϣһüߣʦ
˴ǰϣܵõʦ֧֣޷Ƽңֻʦſԡ
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ԴôԴ㹻Ҷһʱ䡣
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ԪԪҶѾڶ࣬Һǧ
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ǰȱٲϣҶ㾳粻ߣҪƶܡ
ͻƵڣһЩҩԼˡ
ôҩԼһֻܿıǷŵаŮһѽӲӵĵҩ
ҶصŽ岻ãǿϢֱ֣˺գ̤أƼϿա
Ƽ϶ҹ
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ߣƼңƼҲԶˡ
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ҵ˭ԭԪҵϲһŵĺˣͻȻƼңǲΪƼҺ۸ɡ
ղŴɽֵߣһϢչضˣͻȻѣɫܲÿ
׳ϣþòû뵽Ϊ־٣ҪƼҽһ˳
ԪŻ˲٣ȻƼįǻûеԪӵʱ׻˵ձ
Ƽҵĵ̻ڣЩϹŶڣû˸СƼҡ
Ϸ˵Щ϶ͻȻƼңֱĿˣҪҪˣ㵱Ƽʲôʲô͸ʲô
׳һƢ˵ˣһǿ֮ճһѷ졣
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Ԫһţ֮ϣٴγʮߣԪҵϹŶ
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᣿ҿǼǳµģΪƼҺ۸ɡ
׳ϵĻƢǳģΪһС£̼׳ϣֱɱ˼֮ϣ˼棬̼˻ľ˳
ˣǽһν£
֪׳ϵƢԣҲû⣬ǳԪһźʵ
ȻΪǸһ֮ܶʱ򣬶ƺϾΪ׵ңһ㣬ԪȻΪңʵ׷ҵףһŲ
ֻǻҵԴѳҶѣţһ
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Ǻأѵֵġ
䳯һź˿˹ȥ
ɱͽ֣ܵܵܵƼҲù
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ﲻ˵֮أ뼸λһ𣬾飬Ҫܴ𸴼λ
Ҳˣ϶ƼɱԪҵĻӣԼһŵŵӣǵöԷ
һȺվ֮ϣӰƼңЩӲܰȥ壬Ҳǵѡ
ߣҵҪƼôɱҶӵ֡
һ˦֣Ƽһʲô壬뵽֮ϣһϢȻɽܲסֱӱ
ƼʮϸϵʵͶأжȹһ׽ٵɢɡ
֮ϣǰƽ̨˿ܱʩչ˽ƣ̸͸ȥһڰƽ̨֮ϣȻǽֵ״̬
Ƽ׷׸ϵһЩƹܴĵһƽ̨֮ϡ
ΪƼܴУ׷׳֡
׷ʲô飬һַ
Ȼ֮ɫΪһ֮ȻзǷȣ˿ޱȸߴ
Ƽ˲˵ƼҵɱԪʮŵӣǶӶƼ֣֮˵ô㡣
˵ĲԪһϣԪһġ


991 ǿл
ʻ˵䣬Щ϶ǵһ
֮ܳΪŵģʵͶϣȻǷϲġ
һնɱʮˣһǻӣݲƼҳ˼
Ԫʲô磬ڳ֮˶ʮ˴˼ʲôţȻء
ӿؾȻɱ
һأ
䳯ʵ
һһˣһس۷壬ǰѵһš
һԼеĹȣ淢һ֮
ǿ֤ݣ֤ЩƼɱ
Σһɱôˣضǳ֮ѣѵ洫ӳˣ
洫Ӹ߸ϣмڶЩϳ֣ܿ˦ͷ˵ӵӸǷ˻ƴ
ûյӵӳȥϢɱôˣҲӵϲſԣôɾһ˶ûߡ
֤ݣͽܾõ֤ݣ
ɫŭ˳
ûҵܾܵƼ֮֡
ʦ˶ǿߣû˿ɫ
Ƽ˭ɱһŵӡ
ײ̲סˣҪ֪Ƽʲôʱһնôˣ֪
Ҷ㣡
ҧгݵ˵
Ҷһһ΢΢һ𣬺ܿû˷ʲô
Ԫʲô֤ݣЩ˾Ƽɱ
һԪʵ
Ҿ֤ݣ˶Ҷɱ
Сվ˳ȻָգЩ˾Ҷɱġ
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ЩϷ׷ţܶˣѹͲ֪Ҷ˭
ҿǸ˰ɣƾһ֮ɱôˣƼҲ洫ӣӵӣ޽Ҷ֮ˡ
һ˳ǸƼһЩһЩŵʮ˽⣬Ҷû˵
ӵӣҲ洫ӣƼҹŽŵӡ
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ܱܲһõɣŵӣɱôˣնأ̫Ƽˡ
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ƼҲӣ߾ߣԺƼһ㡣
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ɱҵ
˵СһţҶɱġ
俴ˣϣһҲһ֤
ɱҲǸ
ҧҧһ֮ɫ
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ƼҾе໥սһЩҲ
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ҶʦܣƵʲôҩΪһûм
Ҷʾ˫Ŀ⣬ϴμʶҶ֮ͻͽû뵽ҶƵĵҩûм
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ҶûнͣҶʾûм׷ȥΪ˭ԼܣҶܸʲôҩҶʾѾʮˡ
Ҷ㣬
ͻȻ֮䣬һȳ֣ŵĹŽ֮ϻص
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ҶҶʾĶ߳ɫĿ£ղŵҩϣǿǺüϡеҩԼҲûж١
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һҶȻŭ𣬻ǿѹȥΪϲͻȻá
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Ҷµһ̣һɹǿɱ⳯Լֶ

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ЩɱҶ壬ĸһһԵ˺ڳ˼С֮⣬ʵͶؾ
Ҷ֮󣬸оȫëܣԼǺܿ죬ָоʧ
̧ͷҶ㻷һȦ˵ϿһۣСʱֳɱ⣬˿εĳҶϮ
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Ҷղ޹ˣӣá
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С˵ˣҶ㲻ϣҲɢŨɱ⡣
ЩСۣЩǰϻĲÿڡ
ʱƼҷ飬ѾһЩŶ׷ܵϢ
ƼҵӵȻҲ⣬⵽ϮƺΪһˣһ˿룬ҶٴƼҴ
ҳϣҳʲôԪˣƼߣΪƼҺ۸ɣ
ҶһߵӣƺΪƼƽ
ûǼˣܵƼҰǻòͷˣϷչذ꣬ùͷˣ˭Ҵһ
׳ٴվ˳Ҷ㲻ԣʱʱֵʮ⡣
ϰؾҶȻûһ˿ѹ٩٩̸òٳ϶Ϊ֮𾪡
Ҷ֮ǿǶ硣
һˣ˵ôǿߣȻƼϲ㣬Ҫ򶨶ܣˣЩַҶģԲᶨŵƨ
׳԰꣬ҿ϶ʲôᣬҶҲˣɵ˵á
һվ׳Ϣŭ⽫
Ѿˣڵ˲֪νŵ֮飬ǲҲҪһˡ
չֳһ棬ʼԪһʩѹ


992 п
˶ǿߣҶ㲻ԣȻ䶼΢΢һ
ЩϸǿҶ㣬ѵҶĲ֪Ȼô򶨡
ȷ˿£ɵʱ򣬿϶飬Ҷʱӣһң˵ǰƼҹ¡
Ҷ㣬㣬ǲǽǲŻ
һǻŭѹȥ֣϶ʱˣƼҲҰ
ʲôƾʲôҪش㣡
ҶֱѹͲӣҪʻҲֲ
ѹƣŭҲҪŷԼͽҪ߻ħɫܲÿ
Ƽ˶һ㶣ҶⷴӦǵĶӦѹβҾһϣҺΡ
㲻ҳϣ˵ҵĵܵܲɱġ
Ҷ㲻ҳϣЦ
޴
ϴҶ㾹Ȼ޴
㾹Ȼҡ
벻Ҷ㾹Ȼôǿߵ棬޴
ǧܵƼңѵ𡣡
Ҷֱ˲Ҫ˫۶Ҫˡ
ƼƼһ֮Ȼǲϳ棬Ϸѻ꣬Ȼˮʯ
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˵꣬һֻצҪҶץȥ
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ΪҳϣֻĻǣİ취
˵ȻԼͽܵĻҶ֡
ͱˣҶôҲ֮Уѵ裬ҪʵʵĳƼҵƾʲôҪ⵽衣
ּң˿ԪҸһӣٳϷ׷׵ͷ
ЩƼϼ伸ӲͷƤǴ˿̣ǰԥˣ׷׼ᶨԼģ֧䡣
Ҷ㿴һԼĸףһŨŨ֮ȫ
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ǻкλҪ˵ĵӣǽҶ֮ڣû뿪ƼңԣɱǼ廹һŵ֣Ƽ֮ˡ
¶ЦһǿϢ˸ԣһŸԪҳԵ
ѣѣǽϳĳǣǻ˸ˣ˶ˣ㣬˭
СĺȵҶ㲻ϣԸޱȱ塣
ԪҪʲôΪҪƼҵӣĪʲô˵Ĺ
ҶͻȻ˵ץСﲡ˸Ҷ㲻٣ϧҶˡ
ûԪΪҪ˼ලƼҵӣΪ
ַɷַһֵƼҷˡ
˭Ҳ벻ΪҶһ仰תԪҷΪƼַĶ
Ҷң˸Ǻ𡣡
СЩίΪԼһ仰ƶԼǳ
㣬ʲôʸֵ裬ҾһҲ㣬Ϊһ硣
Ҷ㻰һ䣬濪ʼζԪȫһŨɱ⡣
ҶСŮ磬ֱ裬ԼŮתܳΪ˵Ĵڡ
СӣҪԪң˭ҲȲ㣡
˵꣬ԪˣһƳҶѹ£ɱˡ
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ͻȻ֣һƳԪӡȥ
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ƼҴվ˳һϢʮֻ񣬽Ťķһǫָָ̈̄ԭ״
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һϸִͣˣпһʰֱս˭ҲԸ⿴Ľ
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Ҷһǫӣȫּ£ˣҶƲκһˣԼ壬һײӣֳʮֹӡ
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ǣҶ֮ǰͻص˹Ž𣿡
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ʯ쿸ҶʾһҶ㣬ᶨĵ˵ͷ
ûҶʦ֮ǰͻˣһСһ¡
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ѣѣʹͨˣһѣ
˵֪ǲҶģСյ̽ӱϢҶȷǽŻ
żŵСʯ쿵˴֮ͬɫһɵӵı飬ΪС϶ˡ
ǻл˵
ֵˣǰЩʵ
ѻ꣬ףĻǣȻ֪ˣǱɱġ
СȫˣԼĸȥǿȡҶĻǡ
˵ǲǿУ˼Ҽ棬ǵӵĻǣȥˣƼԺԲüˡ
һãƽϣڸ˵ƼҵĻݹҳ顣
ǿҶ㶼һ㶣Լĸʲôʱţˡ
԰꣡
ԪһС㷢ȰȻһ֣Ҷϵôһе֤ݻһɶ
ȵȥ鿴ʱʬ嶼ˣ޳ԵҪֳըͲԭ
ΣԼǳĲˣȥòһôԪɫʮѿ
ԭΪƾǿϢŵҶʲôˣⲻ֪Ҷ㲻£һңԪңʮָӡ
пԣԼľ֣Сӣڿ϶ҳϣԼһɷɱΪɱƼҵӡ
ʱ˵º˶סֻܴԼʡ
ֲкŵӣǴɣɵӣؼʱ̣Ȼɵóϡ
ǲϣ϶κβҶ㣬ѵҪ


993 ƿ
ֳͻȻһļžԪҸһţڣַҶ㡣
鲢ûô򵥣Ǻ֤ݣƾǻŭǰҶãǾ˺ѿռˡ
Ҷ¶Ц뵽ˣɱôˣ˵ûе㷴Ӧǲܵġ
һˣôļ˵Ĳʲôͬһôˣſ϶᳹飬ƼңһҲ
ûʲô飬Ҿˣһ¯ҩǴϣѾˣƣ
ҶһƵӣڳ֮ˣһҧгݣȴκβҶ㡣
ƾ޾ݣƾʲôҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬һһšԴҵĵܵܣ
еŭ𣬶Ҫȼ壬ؾ֮ԿҶߣּʧüӣԼĵܵܶҶҲҪ
в𣿡
Ҷתӣɱ⳯ͷŹȥ˿вԼ䣬˫н˼
ˣѾˣλöֳŵˣڵǸ
ȻǿƣҪ뿪Ҷ㶼ͣס˽ŲҪôǸ

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Ȼû֤ݣȥԼʮֲڸı˷򣬼֮ǰҶвС鱻˳
ԪҶЮԼСŮ˵˳СЮ֣ǳ衣
˵ûԲôˣ
ҶҪ뿪ͻȻס壬˶һ㶣˼ˣڵҶַ˼ҡ
Сӣ˼ЮҵŮˡ
ҶӦȻҶˣޱ䡣
üͷһ壬֪ҶҪֵһЩȻ£ϸȴ֪֮١
ʦ֣㽫յ龰˵棬ظһ飡
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Ǵ֮ŵĺôҶڤڤ֮УԤʾԺᷢʲô飬ǰδѡ
һУһöɵ֮ϣʱ䣬һˣҶǰĵӰһʮأǼ
յ龰һĻĻ֣ӵһƷʼòڴҵǰ
ò֮УһĨ֮ɫЩûм棬ûмٱ˴˵ľ룬˼Է
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Ǹǳ˼ҶʮΧ֮£ѣСЮǣѡ
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Ŀ£û뵽ԼĶʱ䣬ȻüԼ׵Ŀ˵̫ʧְˡ
ܴһҲɫӵ˵ԪҲռƣϾҪɱ˼ңԷѰԱҲӦ顣
ҶķӦЩ̫ˣֱЮֹԪӴʧ
˫ŭһܴðһɱ⣬ԼŮЮֵ鱾֪˺٣ڵٴطһ飬ݶȫ֪
˫Σҿ»ССԼȥм¾ؾӣʲôԹȥؾ
ƼҴʱվλߣ˵ĻҲȽз
û׷ҲΣҿһЩһĸԤС飬ѾΥ˹ء
ײҲվƼҲ׷ԪѾˣԪҾȻ¡
úúãΪԪҺ۸ɣСӣϣһֱúõĻţ
ô˻ţܴ֪ҪɱҶ϶ˡ
ʮţԼĲףܴ϶ʲȥ
в𡣡
Ҷһ˿ܴɱĿ⡣
ô⣡
һһС˾ȻĿԣײŨҵĻ棬ΣɢΣҶ廳־κζ޷Ҷԡ
һжϣǱ̤ļ
ΪĻģ
ҶͻȻɢȥϵƣǻһߣ˭ҲܿҶܴɱ
ܱҶӡǵģû˿Ի
Զһֱû˵ĿһУ֮У˸ƺ˼ʲô
ûʲô飬ˡǲͣ
ǸϽ
Ϊһ֮άԼĵȻûάһӣһЩ϶оʮ⡣
һ֮£һЩҲǼŵڻңΪЩڻң϶ܵЩȻ
ǽ죬ıֳ˵֮⣬ѵ俴Ҷˡ
ߣ
ܴһһ˦֣˺մ뿪ˡ
һȺڵͷ뿪˭Ҳû뵽ġ
֮Ķ亹˶ˣһƨ˵ϡ
ɱԪʮˣһˣİ˳ɼϧ˵ȥ
ˣǶɢ˰ɣҶ㣬һˣ
Ȼһķ緶һ֣˶ȥԼȥкҶһȥ
ЩϷ׷뿪ҲȥˣҶ㣬ֻʵʵĸ
ʱ䣬ƽ̨ϵߵһɶ
ǰ޴壬ׯΡĴҶǵһ塣
֮һεĽƳˣƺ棬һƬĿռ䡣
Сӣ㵽׻˶ٻ
Ҷ֮һѾסҶ㣬ֱӶ˴롣
Ÿ׷ŭӣҶվƨɣûκӣΪӸ￴ŨŨĴȰ


994 
ԼӣһھΣΪ˼壬Ƿĸ̫ˡ
ҵΣίˣ
һҶƼҲʱˣԼ׵Լôȷʵʧְˡ
ײҪ𣬵Ǻ鷳ˣ
Ÿ׵ӣҶϵЦ⣬ʮ
ûˣңԪҵЩǲɱġ
֪ĪҶȽ˽⣬ݣ䶯侳ͿԽɱ侳Խս
һȺѣ
Ҷ嵭д˵ȻˣЩ˶Լ֮֡
һȻԼ׼Щ˾ҶɱǴҶ׿˵һ⾰
˵ĺܾҲУϧҶһƵӣ˼䣬ЩҶѾһ
úúãҾͷˣһİ֮սҵĵĶˡ
¶Ц⣬֪˫նͻƵأ伱תҲҶ㡣
л׵ģ
Ÿ׹ذӣҶʮָжþûָоˡ
ҪĸҲͺˣ
ҶӣѾ뿪ʱˣ֪ĸôˡ
˵ĸףһ֮ɫھΡ
İɣһò˶ãͻԲһ𡣡
䱣֤˵
Ҷ飬ʵᣬ񷢳һ⡣
˵ķйӡ󣬿ϧǺܶ࣬ΪҪ
ҶӦʯɣڵ鲻й¶ûи߸ڿУֻʹڷڵϢû뵽Լ׻֪һЩ
ϧֻ֪ţһ֪
лᣬҽҵһǿĿɽֻ򵽴˵֮еľ硣
֮УһƬ֮ɫԼûлˣϣԼĶлʶ۷塣
ѵƼɽ𣿡
ҶɻĿԼס
Ƽң
ٺһЦ
ݣҲһ壬ǷŵƬֻ֥һСţһ֣ƼңܲһƼҰɡ
ЦƼֻݡ
̸֮УҶԶ϶ҪգĽ׿˵ɽ磬Ǳȥˡ
Ҫ㣬ڵһѡҶƣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
̸һʱʱ䣬Ҷ뿪˴֮ǰҶһöָҶûпܸо϶ǴԴ
Ҷʯ쿸Ҷʾ׷׳һǹһҶ㡣
лѣ
Ҷ㳯ʯ쿸ҶʾһȻ϶𴩡
ʦֵܣ㻹ôʲôʦ㣬ȻЮСô飬ʦֵܾȻ֪
ʯ쿸ҶʾûгţһֱæűչأһŲ֪
ҶЮС飬Ҳǽ֪һ¶֮ɫ
Ϊβʦ֣
Ҷ˻⣬ȥ
ʦȥˣ˵ʦӦûˣΪν컹
ʯһüͷʦѾ뿪ʱˣӦˣϢûС
ʦֲһֱæƱôȥ񣿡
ҶһͷˮЩ⡣
ʦѵ֪𣿡
ʯ쿿ҶһͷˮƺĲ֪
ʦʾ
Ҷȷʵ֪
ʵǹŽ˲ŵ㣬ƼһˣЩ겻ϴѹַԴԽԽ٣Ҫɲ˼ָ⼸£ֹͣǷԴ
ʯ쿽͵
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
岻ҪԴҪÿ¹һЩɽ壬䷢һЩ֮󣬲ܵõĽ
Ҳ޿ɺǣ˶ȥɣƼҸ֧ŲôһתɽֹҶ㶮Ҳ
ԼÿɽҪҪָ֮󣬿׬ȡ֣ȡԴ
ʱæƻޣʦܲɽ壬Ҷʦһ˺ѳȥǹŽѹڹϰټûˣٲɣƼҽҪȥʦֵ֪Ը£ȥȥˡ
ʯЩЩ˶зݣڴʦһȫ¡
һ㼴͸ҶӦˣǹŽЩѻ̫ˣƼһЩ˲
ټ񣬹Žûɹˣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ټҲһ֮˰ɡ
һˣǹŽɹ
Ҷû֮ǰĸΪ£ĳȥҲɣԽѹԽࡣ
ˣΪλѹһҲŲˣͻȻ׷ˣ
Ҷ鲻Ѱһ궼û˹ܣͻȻˣǾЩè档
Ҷʯ쿵˱鲻ȻҶ㣬Ҷȷϣ϶ʲôԼ
ʦ֣ǲΪң
˱飬Ҷ㿴һЩߡ
ʦܣ㲻õģʦһ񡣡
Ҷ㣬ʯ쿰ο˵
ʦܣȥҡ
Ҷɢһɲɿܵƣʯ쿵Щ
ˣȻСʦҪ֪ҲҪˡ
Ҷʾ̾Ϣһ໥
һ֮ǰòϵĴߴǣǹŽ彫ѻɣ겻ɣҪȥʦֵ֪ȥۣ֪ԭί
Ҷʾ˵
ҲûдϣҶʾ˵ȥ
ǰǹŽĳϣʦϵΪΪͻƣѾ뿪˹ãǧɽһϴ棬ԡ
Ѿü˵ȥˣҶˣǧɽ壬ĻᣬŽ塣
һ겻ǾɽԼȥȻǼҲûɱ绤ڼ壬λԽߣԽ࣬飬Ȩ档
ǰʦѹҲ˵ùȥʦڼ壬ʦ뿪˹ãøǧɽץ˻ᡣ
һһ̤ƽǧɽ壡
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫɱŷһ䣬û뵽Լʦɱ֮
ж೤ʱ䣡
ҶƣʵǧɽȻ·ˣ϶ô׷ŹŽ塣
ʮʱ䣬ɡ
ʯ쿽ҶĻһȻ֮ɫˣȥĲ֪ܸʲôϰɢϰߡ
ʮʱ䣡
Ҷ벻ʱ֮վӡ
ȥãܲܰʦһɣ
˵ԼҲܺߣҶ㶼ҪԼȥҪѾ֪˸׵Ϣ
޹ģΪԼǰ̡
Ҳȥ
ҶҪȥãһվһ
ˣǰĴʦֻˣʱҪȥˣȥɣ
Ҷ˵꣬Ϊһߣ뿪˹Ž壬÷ȥ
λƼ࣬Ҳһɽ壬Ҷ˼ʮʱ䣬ɽ֮ϣȥ


995 ֦
Ҷ̤ãֺܶӴ棬æȡԴ
һΪ֣һǿԵģÿɽ壬䷢һЩǿԵ񣬵һõӳȥڶΪ׬ȡԴ
ǿԵһ㲻Ϊ֣ɱޣںϽ壬ɼҩл֮ȵȣ
һǼ䷢ģ֮󣬿ԶԵȵĻȡԴܶҪȡԴڶһݾ
Ҷÿ¹̶䷢ص㣬ûмˣ󲿷ֶڵڶѰҺʵ֮󣬿ԻصŻȡ֣һԴ
̨ǰ棬Ҷ㿴һŶȣһȻӣһӥӥǣһ˾ͲƲ硣
ŽЩѹ񶼸ó
ҶһӣеĳһֻըëĶһվ
ǹŽӣ
һӥҶϴһƺҶʮİ
ǣ
ҶѾ֪ȥԶϲǺܹ
óƣ
ճǰȡҪóƣ֤ݡ
Ҷóƣӵ˹̨ϡ
Ҷ㣡
ϵҶ֣ӥ¶һ˿ЦȻΣôùҶ㡣
ûҾҶ㣡
ԼǧɽĶԹѲʲôܣҶ֣ɫȻˡ
֪ǹŽѹ˶ûɡ
Ȼ֮ɱϻǺܿȥǹ˶ãҪƼҡ
֪óɣ
Ҷø£ʱȣ֮˫նսӣҶ㲻뵢̫ʱ䡣
ϡﻩóһϰٸЩѹģҶ㿴Ҳһսָ档
Ҷһߣ۽ǳ˳飬ϵЦŨ
֪һ˶񡣡
ӥǵĳȻСҶԪǲ׽ˡ
ҵͳϹģ
Ҷ¶һ˿ɱ⣬ЩûҲ֪ʲô񣬷ҶҪʮ֮ɡ
ߣŹأǹŽʮ첻еӽȥΪ֮
ӥǳ˿ԼĿģҶɲˣƼңʱǧɽҪôԡ
ģʮʱ㹻ˣ
Ҷ˵꣬׼ת뿪øһʶʱȣȻҶô˵ﻹûеףʮʱ䣬ϰٸƽһҪʮϡ
ȵȣ
ҶҪ뿪ʱһİˣӹ̨˳ҶһȻİǲҶ㲻֪Է˭
Һ£
ҶǻһĻߣҪΪҪסԼ
ͻȻֵƣĸ磬һֱȨ֮λˡ
Ҷ㣬ûȤһ
ƿ̨ţȻҶȥһӥӳ϶һɻ֮ɫ
ûȤ
ҶشĺֱӣܶԷʲôĿģҶ㶼ûȤ
ȱżֻܾҪϼǧɽ壬ЩԲˣһԸĻ֣㿴Σ
ƾȻҶǧɽ壬Ҷ²ûдǧɽһȫƵĸдһ
Ŷе˼ҸǧɽкܶԹѵƾһܻ֮ЩԹ
Ҷתӣƣû뵽׵Ķ֣Ȼܹ£Լ
ֻҪϴӦЩ⡣
ƲҪԼݣƼû˲֪ĵλȻǼϾϼס֮ӣһǳӣƼңֳִȨܶɽֱָӡ
ϧһǺܸȤ
Ҷ㵯˵ָϺޱ鲨
ϼ룬һװսףʮžƷƷҩΣ
˵꣬ߵӥӳϵǻһҶεºܣȻҪôԴ£
˵ӥӳϣҶ㶼ǰľƵ׿ԼʲôˣȻҪ£
ջҳϣҺĶҵԭѾǹŽӣȻܱ壡
Ҷ˵ʵǵжԹϵҶҲĿǼ֣ڣȻƳΪջҶ㶼Ӧ
ǵһܾҵˣ֪
ҶܾɫǺܺÿ˲
Һܺ棬Ҳһŵӣôܹܴ˵ķۣ
Ƽҵλһܹܴˣƹܺܶã⹦þ֮һֻҪһ仰ҶȫԲˡ
Ϊ㽫Ǳ
ƲҶЮСǵԪҸһɱһ
ȻҶ㼫βɱԪҵˣ֪Ҷ˵϶֮飬ԪҵʱҶûκɻ֮ɫƺ֪Էʲô
ƾһ㣬ǵҶĪĹϵֲɵӣͷһЩԾĵط
֪Էʲô϶˼άң֪顣
ҶԪҸһŵʣƺжԲߣȷϣɱǵˣҶ㣬ΪƼҵˣȻܲ𴩣ƼҵĲ
ллĺ⣬˵ԭˣ
Ҷ˵꣬ڶת뿪ԭصƸӥӳϡ
дȻΥܹܴ˵ּ⣡
Ҷһʧӥӳһӡ
αضŭʮܻ֮ܲһδ֪ټôɣȻӵӣҲڰ֮ڣеꡣ
Ҳ⣬֮Уһ˿ɱ
ûһҾͿ巨Ƽңʱ򻹲󣡡
ӥ߱ӷ⣬Цڹð

꣡
꣡
֮ϣɱ¾֮һͷʬ嵹أҶڶʮɱһרżɱ°ӡ
ԴҶһԾʧ֮Уһ
ʱһȥһ֮УҶ˫ͨ죬ˣҶ㲻߲ݣԪݽˣҺָҺǿ󣬲ȻҶͱˡ
ͷԳȻˣ
Ľܣɱ۷Գһֻȡ֮ڵ
ϧһ֮ǰ䷢ģҶҲ۷ĴԳֻҵֻʱȣҶﻹʱȥѰԳ
ڽֵʱ򣬴Գٴξ磬۷壬ҶɱѶȴӡ
ˣֻܶõƣ
Сףǳ֣
Ҷ̫ˣսСϣԼϢһ¡
̫ˣҲ̫ˣȫ־֧֡
һǿʱסͷԳµɺɫϢݺݵĳԳѹȥ
С׸죬Գȥʱ䣬˴ʯԼҪͻصĵز⼸죬С˺գƾ·ҶҲܽټɡ
һյ֮󣬴ԳС˺ѣڵŵҶСֱɡ
СһôԾ˷ѣҴһ֮澫ճԽȥջʮ֮һ
ûˣĽ׾ͳƺСΪС


996 Դ֮
СһֹͣʳԳһ֮ɫĽס
Գãʺܶ࣬ʳȥܶҲһ˽ȥкЩʳԽԽ࣬Ƶ
Ľһ˼ϹŶߵСҶϣСֲϵҶһָ㽭ɽı顣
ĥĥ䣬ϽСף
ҶָĲˣĽһҫӣϽ˵
һᴿ֮Կ
Ľָһ㣬һ֣С׵Ķͷ֮ϣļ֡
ָҶĽҶĵ·κ˶ͬڶ͸ָСף´ࡣ
С׳ʮʱ䣬󷢳һ𣬴һŻ棬Գ

治ǺǿңȴܽԳһȼգգۼĹ򣬴ԳСһ롣
Ȼûֹͣ˼һյʱ䣬ԳֻʣһֻȭͷСһӴСޣᴿ֮󣬾Ȼֻʣô㣬Ҷ㶼һ֮ɫ
Ư֮ϵС׹ӶҶĸܵ溬о֮ޱԴ֮
޵ĴҪ໹Ҫ磬Ӻĵģ꣬滹һ˿֮Դ
Ǿᴿ¶һѹեЩûõʻвʣѹˣʣµĲǾ
С̲סſھҪ£ⱾԴ֮С̫ˡ
ȵȣ
ҶͻȻֹСףһУ䵽Լʶһ鿴Ҷ¶һ˿ϲɫ
Ҳкܴİԡ
ҶղԸоԼ˼¶ȻҲʳöһһΪ
СȻżǲΥҶ㣬Ҷ˫ۣƺУ¶֮ɫ
Ľ׶һᴿֻޣҶ࣬ôҲıԴֱ֮߼
˭֪Ҷħű书ⱾԴ֮Ҳ֮Уһֺ
ԽǿԺǸǿ۷壬ͻƵأȫͿԿء
أƾһȭ򱬡
ǿıԴ֮ըܵ˴̼ɿݵĵ棬һأЩήҵСݷ׷׾ѣЩСݣҶļӡ
Щ׷׾ѣǰûĵطȫڷձԴ֮ⱾԴ֮棬һ˿ĵ⾳ҶϲԾһַŵļ
һ֮Ҷ˫ۣģȫָҲøӳӯ
Ľףᴿ֮Ҳҡ
Ҷ㽫ʣµİ򶪸СףǳĽ˵
Ǹ̥࣬ȻҲޱԴֱ֮һ
ĽױҶˣ̫˼飬ܶ鶼޷⣬رҶԽüսܡ
ҺѾֲˣҶԽǿӸˣԼָ۷״ֽ̬һ
𣡡
СͻȻһŭϵëƤһըһɿµɢСͻƵ۷壬һҲء
һ׽ɫֳҶ꺣棬֮Ҷ˵ͷȷһᴿ֮ʮֹ죬ֻᴿ޵壬Ҫǽ֮ᴿ֪ʲôӡ
ҶͻȻһԼʲôʱô뷨ˣᴿǱһҪɽȥǶˡ
Ҳ˾ħᴿӵħ֮գͿˣԼչ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦв۵ģ⽫Ƴ˵ֱӸɵΪ
ʱ䲻ˣǳ
ɱԳ˲ʱ䣬ҶҶСףֱ˺ѿռ䣬һط
ͲϣһӰΪһ⣬һͷ޺ݺݵն£Ȼ۷ԣһǳ꣬Ѿӵһ˿
ˣɣ
ɱ¾֮ն£һֱ˺գµĽŰͷƺŵΣһǱˮ֮¡
ߣˣ
ͻȻն£һ֣֮εסˡ
ն
ֱ£ԷһĲҽһŤѪȾ˺棬һһЩСĺޣŵѳ뺣ס

Ҷ˫ֽӡһ֣ҪСĻ治֪ǿٱ
棬εİʼղŻӴһСܿһ֮ϲϵ䶯ƺδ

ħ֣ɽȥһɴıԴ֣֮ԴԴϵӿԼ壬ȵҪҶԽԽ
ȻͻƣȻڣͻƣ˫սҶаա
Ȼһ˿֮
ҶоڷٵѪĴҲõӦԳڵ£жҶ㳹ա
ʱһȥת֮䣬Ƽֵ˰һεӵ
ÿ꣬ЩŵӾʸΪӵӣֻҪ֮УǰʸΪӵӣ䵽ɲ
洫֮⣬ɲƼõɽˣٳӵҲΪңԽɲĴȻҲӴ
һεİƺЩһΪڿǰϦһĿս˫սսŽŵҶ㡣
ƼѾʲôܣٽ˿ʼ²Ҷ㵽ǺηȻ˫ս
һ֮䣬˫սѾͻƵأϢ񣬾һ³ȹ̾硣
Ʒŵӵ֮УҲٮٮߣӵӣ϶˫նһϯ֮ء
ʱ䣬Ƽ۵ĻЩ⣬һ˫սսڶ˭ʸΪӵӡ
Ҷ뿪֮󣬹Žʦ׳ˣһˣʮʱ䣬ҪɣȻ洫Ӷˡ
ʦ֣ɻˣٲǾҪȥˡ
ʯһ֮ɫʦֶΪǣųȥðգϵƾܿ
ʦܣټ޷ˣǶҪƼҡ
ʦһǷ֮ɫ鲻ǺȻΪʦ֣вжΡ
ʦ֣СʦǰЩˣһٶȫߣ⼸ȫɡ
ҶʾûҶȡһٶ˵˳
˵ʲô
ʦֱվһ֮ɫ
֣һˣôôǸʲôȥˣΪβ
׳һΪҶֱǺ֣Ҷʲộôʦ𽻴
˿ЦһǵҪסҶ㣬ϧס

Сӣ㵽˭׷һʱԩ޳ΪҪɱң
һ֮УһаӲϱܣһӰӣʱ̱ʮ롣


997 һָ֮
һʱʱ䣬ǰа弸Ҫ̱ˣֱͣ壬һֱȵ
ɱˣ
¶Цݣгĺ⣬ɱɢ
Ҹԩ޳ΪҪɱң
ǰʮֲ⣬ȫϤʶԷ˭
ͼڵӣһаЩŮɣ
ֻһСĲСţ֪ҶֱӵԷҶʮʮˣҶͣ㣬ݣԶĵطС˺ոһ·̡
ͨУҪʱ䡣
һ·̣ټҶɵĲˡ
ʮʱ䣬ҶĽǴ⣬ƺ˿龳Ͳһ
ڼ䣬Ҷ˴ޣЩ򲻶ϵҶƷʣأֻһ֮ң
֪˭ˣǲĸɹɱҵģ
һ˰䷢ҪɱԼ
㻹ɣ
Ҷø˵ȥɱ¾֮ɨ۷壬ҲҶһɱ
ۣ
һ˶Դͼ建¡

Ҷһӣһ֣˲佫ͼˣһ򣬾ħֱ֣ӽɽȥ

Ƽң
Ž棡
ˣһü
ӵˣСʦܵڻûлӵһǶҪӹŽˡ
ʯЩģܽܣǲԼԺӣƺ뵽ôһ졣
׳ɫǺܺÿԼʦֺȻʧְˡ
ҲҪģСʦһ񣡡
Ҳ֪ţҶʾҶһɣҶһϾжϳҶһָĪ⣬ǱϿô򵥡
ϣɣ
˶̾ϢһǺγ֪Ҷʾڰοǡ
ټ񣬲ʱ䣬洫Ӷ޷ɣοҶ㻹ŵӣǸϣ
ǧɽ֮ϣһȺŮΧһ֮ϣǲųزõ˫ս
ʦ֣һӵսһĪ
һŹάܰͽᵽһӵӣĪҫ
ûûһӵʦֿ϶õһ
˷׷׸ͣ޲ܽõԶ˫սϡ
ɴ⣬ˮģĸ𺣣־ײ÷·ѩЩţƺأ˭ܳΪӵӣҪ˭ӵĸá
ɽ壬Ž漸ų⣬ˣŽҲû˳Ϊӵӣɽ壬ҡ
һֻӵһֻĸ֪ôҡ
⼸Щ˶ĬȻЩҲǳɵҶš
ǸСӿϢ
˫սȻô˵ȴǷһɰ⣬Ȼղ˵ЩȻǿ󣬵ǻвԼ
СȥȥˣóڻǧɽˣŽЩѹ˺ܶһֱûɣɲˣ˶ҪȥСӾȻ֪ϰټȫߣʮ죬ȫɡ
һ˳һһʮ˵һ顣
߹ãܲ񣬱ҪҪ˵棬һ罫٣
Լĵܱܵȳͷģ˫սɢһŨɱ⡣
˼ܼ򵥣Ҷܲ񣬶Ҫ̨ϣ׼óΪΪҪɱҶ㡣

ʱˮת֮䣬ӵӣ֮ϣʮ̨֣վˣм̨վ̨ϵģȻӵӡ
һսȥϵĽսվ̨ϵģȻǹھҲӵӡ
Ӧ˫սҪһ̨Ϊڼ󲿷˶ڴˣ˫սҪǵ˵棬ɱҶ㡣
һǧɽһӲμᣬʸģֻȼˣ˶ѣϣܼһˡ
ɽ壬˹Žķ賤û֮⣬ѵˣ׼õϡ
ƼϲҲˣУϱ˸֮Уƺ˼ʲô
ǸҶ㻹ûսʱϾҪˡ
һҪ˫սҶ֮ڽӵսҶûҲ˵ӵҲ޷С
¹Ҷ˫ս˾֪Ѳʲôܣ˿̶ڵȴ֮У˭ܻ
˫սѾվм̨֮ϣȺԼĶ֣ϵսһ
ǧǧɽҪһӵˡ
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ɲܶõĶǧɽռ÷·壬ӵӼ٣ɲֻǵףĶǿɲԵش˳ǧɽĵԽԽǿ
ռռƣɲ壬ûԸǧɽˡ
ҿˮҲлӵӵλ
ǧϴЦ⣬ǳֹάϻǹά˶Էһ䡣
ҿС˰ɣⶼˣ֣ٲ֣ʱ䶼ˣ
ѾСʱʱˣܻǾĵģΪ˫սսδʼԢӵõȡ
ϣҽ飬ȡҶĵʸսȻҿһСһ̰֮
˿ʼΪҶ̰ҽ˫սս
û˲֪ô쵽Ƽġ
˸ͣǧɽһһװߵӡ
ѵˣʲôѡϵǸطֻзȥȥûʸ񡣡
һһЦŽѾΪƼҵЦѾ޿ɱ粵ˣŽһֱš
Ž涼ǷҲЩǿһǧһ򱶣
Щ˵꣬һµƴѪ±⣬ڵ֮ϣͷɢֱ治˭
˭Ȼ˵
Ϊ֪Է˭һЩվ׷׽ìͷָͷɢꡣ
Ƶǣ磬һȺһĴ
䣬źƼ˶߲棬Ȼǧɽ硣
Сѵѵ㣡
һâ֣Ⱥ֮Ҳǧɽӣ׼μӵ
ĲģȻˣҾ֪һĴ
ŷĳ۷徳ضҪСԣֻ꣬һָ˹ѹ¡
¡
һӡֱ֣ӽֵѹԭأгһѿ޷ǿһָ
Ҫ
ղųֲһʱ䣬ͱѹסˣ廹ǧƣֱӱſڵϣѪһ򣬲һͱ˳ѹ⽴
ͻɫ䣬۷壬һָѹƺֵˣ۷壬ǲ˼顣


998 ݺݴ
˭Ҳû뵽ӵǰϦͻȻҡ
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ף˵ôǿ󣡡
һϴ֮ɫͻȻֵһѡ
һЩ۹֮ˣ׷׿ʼɽĵӣƾһָ֮ѹһ۷ӡ
˭һĿȻ
һǧɽӣͷɢ¶м֮ɫ
󵨣ǺˣΪͻȻ
ǧɽһ˳ָָͷɢӣ֪˭ֻܳѯʡ

ӷһĴЦܶŪˣ˭ʵƼҾĬĬš
ǲһֱڵҵˣȻʶˡ
꽫ͷһ£һſε¶˳
Ҷ㣡
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һЩ˿ʼ໥˽
кϷˣҿҶ㲻򵥰˵زƺڰĵز
ڳ֮ˣЩǱصĸ֣洫ǱУĬĬĹע
һղԼĶӣΪȻΪһЩۣҪվֹڿҶع飬¶һ˿οЦ⡣
Ҷ㣬Ϊε֮
ලӵĳվ˳ҶѾ̫ʱ䡣
˼øλõˣΪҲɹŽһᡣ
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ܣ̶ʮʱ䣬ôһٶ񣡡
˵ǹӥӳϣΪҶѣʱ䣬Ӷһᡣ
ٴαŽѹ˰ټѾʲôܣڹó֪ܶڰֻϣŽӱȥֿԹϷֹŽԴˡ
СӻǿԴʮɰټ񣬿洫Ӷɣ
֮ԱǣΪҶڴԲѡ
ۣܺܶǲţҶڶ̶̲µʱ֮ڣеȫɡ
Щ񲻵ɱˣɱޣвɼҩһҪ֮أһмɱ۷壬Ҷܴܲһδ֪
϶ǳԥ֮ɫǺܿ컯ΪһĨᶨ֮⣬ԼĶӡ
ĪǻԼ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦӥӳϡ
ƾҲֵһɣʮɰټҾͽӳȥ
ʱƼҸ߲㣬ǧɽץ˻ᣬҪݺݵĳͷҶһΡ
ڽ׳弸ˣɫһʮѿЩӦɣȫСʦһ
ϼȻȺãܲȫ㣬ŵȫ棬ҲԲġ
Ҷ㾹Ȼ˵ϳһȺãӥӳϳɱ
ڳ֤֮ʳ˸ô죡
Ҷ㳯ƼҸ߲㿴ȥһ׵ӣݵ΢һԷԼûа취
İɣˣӣһĶȥ
˵ˣϴԪַϾ;СӲ򵥣һֱϢһ飬ô϶Ҷ㶼˺֮ġ
ûɣָΣ
˵ˣӥӳ˱飬֣ϿǼȨҪ֡
ûɣƾ㴦ã
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ܷҶ㾹Ȼţټˡ
ߣһ㳢Ҳ֣һģ
ӥӳ¶аЦƺҶԼĵı顣
ͻȻޱǧɽԽԽˣ
Ҫʧˣ
ҶһӣһٶˣЩǹŽܵ
һ£ЩǲƼҰ䷢񣿡
˵Ҷ٣ټ˳Щʶ鿴
ӵҵһ㽵
ûȷƼҰ䷢йŽ
ʶһɨΪ֤ˣһ飬û⡣
ڷ룬һЩӵӰҡҡͷΪʣʮ֮ڣ޷ɣҶôء
ǧɽһ¶Ц֮ɫҶǵЦŨٴһУһٶ˳ȥӦ֮ϡ
һöһֺ¡
ڵɢֲƣбɱͷѪ߰ߣҩɢ
һ֣ظ٣Ҳ˵ÿһҶ㶼ҪɣҪǧ
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ʼʱһ⣬鵽ʮöʱһɫʼ仯
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ⲻܣôʮ֮ȫɡ
һӥӳϣ䷢ȻǱ۾Ҳ֪ټѶȡ
Ŀ⣬Ŀ⣬ҲֻܴƼңⲻ֪ˡ
ҶЦһĶһֱԼĳϡ
һ㻨ǮЩԴûһĹȻôô񡣡
ӥӳͻȻЦȻΪҶǻǮģԼɱ
ϵô˵Ȼ㻹ģҾʹ
Ҷٴһӣһٶöˣÿһ¼ҶɱḶ́ᴿḺ́ҶˣֻɱĹ̡
˻
㳡һҶľȻܵ·ϵһ
վ̨ϵ˫նһҶսʱɢȻһ
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ŵı滺ղһֱҶѺʱһĲŻ¡
սһٳ־
Ҷһ˽֣׷¶Ȼ֮ɫ
̨֮ϣ˫նϵսŨΪоˣҶһǰδеѹ
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ڻлҪ˵
ҶǵаЦݱʵһɱֱӥӳϣԷȻûзӦҶˡ
㡭
һѪ
ôһû˳ӵĳ鷳Ͻӳȥ
Ҷһ޺ӣϵɱһ֮У˴̹ǵĺ⣬ò˲
Ŀˢˢľۼӥӳϣ磬˵һӣ㽫ʯͷԽҲû£ؼⶪ
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999 ս˫ն
ϷˣֳһƬţ˵Ŀˢˢľۼӥӳϣ˴Ц⣬˷ŭƮϿա
Ҷ֣Ҳһ̣쳹ƼңӵӶʼע
ӥӽĿ⿴ǧɽϣԼ˵仰ҪĽӳȥǶĲֹӣǧɽҲˡ
ȻҶˣҿô˰ɣѾôʱ䣬ǸϽʼɣ
ǧɽվһϣȥ
ˣʲôƾʲô˵˾ˡ
ҶĿǧɽ˿˼ɶԷɱһĿ⣬ԷҪԼأαҪڹ˼һЩ⡣
Ҷ˵
ǧɽһ֮ؾƼҸ߸ϣȻҶ㵱衣
ֲǼƾʲôô˵ѵȨҪȼҪ󣬴϶˵ˣ˳Ǽ˿ûз˵ƨһ
ҶһٴεһҶ㾹ȻƼҼˮˣϷˣǧɽҪֹȻûаѴϷ
Ҷ㲻ᣬҲⷽȥ룬ҶἰɫÿԼȨܵơ
Ҫ˵ϵȻڣֻϣ»СûбҪŪ
ǧɽʶ鲻ԣȻڼλߣûӵһеĵز
»С
ߺߣ
Ҷ
ûҲվֹ𣿿ѱǷϳΪһƼҰɣ
ҶɫĿ£ܲ˵˵ͷҶûɣǧɽ᲻ŹҶ㣬𰸿϶Ƿ񶨵ģǧɽ϶᲻һеĶԸҶ㡣
ǧɽ޻˵ΪղȷʵˣôԸҶ㣬ȫˡ
ƼҵӣһԾŶ˵õӺģ϶ᣡ
Ҷܴ󣬴һŭ𣬿ǺԪò˶ĤʹһӽƼȥˡ
ƼѪǺһ˿ԹһֱУţ£ϣ壬Ҷ㱻Ҷһ仰Ƽһɫ䡣
ಣ
ͻȻһӰֱ֣ӳӥӳǰûзӦһֱ£ֱǰ档
ȥ
ϷŭˣȥĲһ˵Ƽҵ棬һԾŶƼҵĸԣҲƼҵĻҵ
꣬ꡭ
޴ʯӥӳǵȻڳԡ
˸оʪ͸һƬҶ񣬶һɼɵ֮ɫ
̶̼仰ϸˮƼҵԣӥӳϳӡ
ԣƼһкԣȻڳƼҵӣв͸ǽ綼й¶ȥ
ӥӳʯмϬҶ㿴˹
ˣ
Ȼӥӳϳӣһ㶼ģΪ֪ԼҲҶˡ
⣬⣬лϵĹذ
Ҷ֪ܲеŭ⣬ȻˣҶ㲻Щ˶ţԼǿĴշ
ȻûСһֱǴڰ֧ԪҵַܰȻ
һذЩ˸ţҶϵĹϵһ㡣
ӴҪͶͲˣһصλϡ
ǻǧϹ̶̼仰ͱҶȥˣ϶
ۡ
ӥӳվʯм˳ȥһɿɲɱ⳯ҶڸǶ
ǵصɱҶһߣеɱʧΣ޷Ҷγ˺
ƾһߣƵصɱ⣬Ҷ㳹׵߸ڳ˵֪رһٴ󺣵⾳ޱߡ
ˣȻѾˣ˫ն֮սڽУȻָԪ
սĳʱվ
ˣ
˭ܿҶ㼱ҴҵĻԪʮң·ŻصƼҡ
ȷϢһ£
ϵ֪ҶǴϿеĵӣԲдһ˵ϣ͸һ飬Ѿôʱ䣬Ҳںڶൢһ¡
лϵĺ⣬ɱҪ˷Ѿ
Ҷһ̨ԽԽʢϵĺˡ
񣬽֪ʲôǿ
ĴָҶ㹻ԳѹŶԷʯͷھȻ˵˿Ļѵ֪˫նؾ
ҿǲ֪ߵغָԪһս֮Ȼ˲Ԫ˴⣬һͻᱻʦֱնɱ
󲿷˶ΪҶѰ·˰ЦҶ㱻˫նķѵӡ
֮ǰ㴳Ž壬ҾҪˣҹŽ岢˭󣬽Ҿ㿪֤ҹŽǿ󡣡
ҶХһЩĽ˸Ͻס䣬ٱˡ
û뵽һĽɫҲվΪдͿ޼ɵսȻϼҲ뱣
˫նɫĿ£֮ϣ˫˳Ľ˲̨
˫նû뵽˫նʦֽ˫ն˴ɾҽѾ΢ɣǧѵһš
ܿµĽ⣬һЩӿʼά
ССӵùˣǧɽһ⣬˫ն׵ȥ϶ĥһʱ䡣
˫¶һ̣˶֪˫ʵ֮⣬Ҷ㲻ڣȻˣǸ˫նȣԶ
˫ն֮ǰѾƼңҶ㲻żƼʱ䡣
ҲҪκ˱ҵԼϻ˵ְɣ
ȻǶΪԼǴϵˣҶҲͣԼֶһǿɽ
Ľ
Ҷֿȭ˫նֳ˫Ҷν
˰νʱȻν
Ҷûаνʶзӡָһ似ڰν
νɱ˼һҶҪ׼ᣬóȻ֣á
ԲѣȻˣҾνĻᶼûУ
˫նŭҶ㾹ȻԼðγ
ǲǴԲѣԹ˲֪
Ҷ˫һ֮ϳһ޴ӡǣڤӡ
ܿռͻȻޱԼڻۡ
ùŹֵ似
֮ϳһɽɫʮŨأҶֱһ̥ƺƼһ˿һ似Ӱӡ
һ
˫նĽнߣһУһȻǽнһ
µĽ̨ݺݵĳҶն£أ糱ˮһѹĳҶѹ¡
أҲ
ҶЦһͻȻصƶȫûã޷γѹơ
ѹ
ҶһУһǿѹ֣֮˫նٶԷ
ƣ
һȭΪ֮һΣ忪ʼŻζҶƾһȭ֮Ȼһ˹ȥ
ģ
ܿռ̨޾ı


1000 Ƽ
ƾ֮Ҷһȭ˫ն˫ն˹ȥ֮ϵѹ֮Ҷ˿·硣
˫նɲĽҶ㲻˷ȭͷݺݵȥǿʹâһĨ磬Ϊ֮
ģ
һƥ̨֮֮ϳ֣޾ӳȥҺ壬ÿ̨ӦĽƱ
Щϣһǿ⣬ٴȥ
ҵǿ⣬̵òֱӱ˫ۣ޷ֻпֲ裬ǽػ̨һա
ص
ܷһвǿ߸ЩǿţжϳҶȻͻƵء
ȻûͻƣʵʵͻˣؾҲ˵Ҷܸ˫նս
ÿֲôˣȻСӲ֪£߼ޣ൱ڸʱ𡣡
һˣž̾Ҷ𾪡
۹ͻȻһղűҶõĸȫʧҶ⣬ȡ
˫նɫû뵽Ҷ㾳ûͻƣԸԼˡ
ϹʱڣΪɣһʿʿ߲ͬ¡
ɣһȭĳѣһȭ񷣬ֲ֪֮ʲô̶ȡ
ʿͨڲַͶ֮䣬ܻɽ壬նɽӣһҲǿֲĴڡ
Ҷ߼ޣֱ˼飬ȻûˣƼһвҶЩĵӣ׷׵ͷҶȣǵֱСĿ
̨һѿ˫նҶ˫£ѹҶ˰ƾڲ֮ء
ߣΪǿ󣬾ܴ𣬼ֱǳ룬Ҿƿڹǡ
˫նȻЩ𾪣ָܿ۽Ũҵɱ˫ٴξ

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ȻɱԪҶϾѾըˣһŵףֱ֮£Ҷûг֡
ǰͬҶҪԼ׵Ĵݻ˫նڽ¡
ӡ֣֮ϵɽԣƺҪݺݵѹ˫նٶٴѹ
ϧֻأȻзӡֱӽɱ
зӡȱˮأ޷γѭһγֻḥ̂һоɱسڡ
ɲٴεȫ£򿪵ѨͻȻӿһױȵۼҶֱ֮ϡ
ҿ
ҶһȣƿµĽ⣬˫նǽţⱻƵһ̣˫ٴ趯
ˣҶᣬȻǿ󣬾Ҫľе󻹲Լ
˫նԼ似ıҶľȻǿ󣬱׶˾ǲֳ֧ãʿֻҪеҩͿԴԴϵĻָԪ
ҶһЦ֪ܲ˫նͼϧ͹Լ
ʮʱ䣬Ҷֹ˰ټһ·֮ϣ޾ͲϰֻҶᴿȫҶա
һֱǱҶ棬޷˫նĽѹȣǱЩʼ
䣡
ҶٴƵԷĽһαһǿһսҡ
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ҶͻȻһŭ˵˫ն̫ˣֱſڵء
׵Ĺǻô
һЩĵĶǽǴԴǽײҶﶼЩŵСĸһֻһ
ֵҶ㷴岻˷һαһδ󣬾ħ֮УǱʮöһֻûüҶô˻ᣬĵȼس۷塣
˺ڣҶԴҪԽԽֲϰͷ۷ȫȻҶһС硣
ԽǿŸﱻٵԽԽҶҪҺǿֲҶɣҪͻƵؾҪʮҺ
֣Ҷ㾪ˣʮҺȻƼҲһó
Ҷ㲻ڣȻľ޴󣬵ǴЧȴޱǿ󣬵ƾ˫ն׽⡣
ϽҶţȫһѹ״̬
˿̵Ƽҵӵ棬ҶҪһЩʵһЩƣ˭֪лʲô˶Լ
ģ
˫նɹתأҶתȻ࣬˶֪Ҫǿʵתս֡
ˡ
Ҷ˫Ų̨֮ϣÿһսģļµ
ÿһɶ඼ܲסֱ뿪ԭأԶĵطȥⱻҶӰԼΪ
ϧ׽ֱʵ
Ҷֱѹȥɲ֮һһѿ޷Ҷ塣
ǿǿǿ̫ǿˣҶ㣬ҵż񣡡
һӱҶĸȻվΪҶ͡
½ŷǿߣҶ˿չֳʵЩĤݡ
˵һ˴ͷ˿ʼ֧Ҷ㣬ǿһӾϵĳ
赲ҶĽŲҶһǰ˫նһˣ˵ǧɽƼЩϲҲ¶֮ɫ
⼸һߵĴ򷨣˫նΣˡ
һȻܿսַı仯
ӿµСӻûнԪͷųһͻأ£޵֡
һ˴ž֮ɫóϣ쾹Ȼξ֮ɫ
ʱƵĻǧɽ壬˫նлΪӵӣҶǧɽһӵӣ⵹ǴҪģؼ顣
ʮ׳ۣ׳˶һ깵طҶչ׷վΪҶͺȲʡ
Сʦܣ
ʯ쿵ĻƢˣҶ㣬ǶҪ壬׼Ҷ㲻񣬾뿪ƼңҶ㡣
ĵСӰӣ˿û˸ҳЦ¶Ľ֮ɫ
Žðͷӵһֱ깵ط
ǽ죬վˣվߵĵطĺΪҶ͡
ɱɱɱ
ҶɱĽŲٴǰѹ˫նһδαѹѾղǿơ
νһٶ˥ߣһδαҶ㷴˫նܵǰδеĴ
غ˲ǧɽţ𣬽ͳͳĶҪҵǰ
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ֳͻȻһڣ


1001 
̣
ܷһҶϾȻɫۣ˶ΪҶ㼤ַŵļƼϵѪ
䶼һվȻ֪ʲô
ϧǶˣⲻǴѪҶҲý͡
Ѫʮ⣬ѪȣֱһΣǶƼ˵һĺϢ
֪ܶʲôߵŵ֪ԭҶ̳ƼϵѪ
ƼҵһƼҽ֮ԻͣƼϵȣйһ飬һ˿˿档
˿̿ҶðɫۣΪҶ
ãƼ
˵һ֣ˣƼѪԽԽϡڼɫѪˡһǴɫ
ЩҲ˼ɫѪҶɫȣֱᲢۣһǳϣһϣ
ȵܳɳ˵ɣ˵Ųţ
һơ
ûԸԺ鷳ϣܲܳɳȷһδ֪
ͬƣҶǱԼҲܰȻĳɳڵǧɽ壬ҪƼ㣬·ǳ֮ѡ
¶ɫҶȻˣǼ϶кܶ˲ϣɳһڰд
뵽˴סԼȭͷԼǿһЩ˭ҶԼӲ˵׻ԼǿҶʲô̡¶һ׹⡣
ȻЩ˲ϣҶɳǧɽ壬ˮ壬Щɽ䲻ͣҶ˲ǧɽӡ
ˮףϴλ֮һֱڻָȻһҲԲμӵ
һжҶйأкܶ˶ϣҶǿھ
ڴ𾪵һǣҶٴŲ˫նѾʮ˾Ҫ̨
ƾͽƵ˷ϣֱǳ衣
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һΪСԪΪԪ˴Ԫ˫նѾԪսֹ˼ʮ
һһأ˺ڣԽսԽԽѣתԪȫͲһΡ
˾һɢɣȻתԪÿһζɽ٣ԪͻᴿһΣԪȫתԪһ̣Ҳ͵յľ硣
ԵҶԪѹƴԪֱô޷ܣ߸Ƕ֪ԺҪԼ֪ʶ
ҶϹž޲Խ壬Ȼ˷ļҵĲÿһ̤Ǳͻᱻһ֡
ѾȭˣҶȭһαһǿ󣬵ȭһأܿռһѿЩĽֱӱѹ촷ۡ
Сӵô£ΪԽսԽѵڽ˫ն磿
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˫նɫʮѿܿҶҪȸղŻҪǿһ

Ҷоһˬǰû䣬һζħҶʮֲ
ħűֻ䣬Ҷƺ˼ı仯ҲûС
ļжʹɣҿĽҵȭͷ
Ȼսʤ֣Ҷʹѩղо˼ɲĿ⡣
ƾԼԲصʱ򣬾Ҫء
˫նϰʧˣȡ֮һĨŨأоѹһѹĿϵѹһʯĽѹסˡ
˫ͻȻϲһ˫סڽ֮ʣ˫ϲһ̣Ȼ˰ĵز
ʦ־Ȼ˫һǺϵĵزСΣˡ
˫赣ֹһʱ䣬̨֮ϣ
ҶҲ֣Ҵ⣬˫նһţ̷ǳǿ⼸һֱأͻȻͻƣ֪˺̡ܶ
˫ֻ𣬳֮ϣʣ֮ϣֱӳһѺۣܲס˫նһ
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Ҷ˫һ˫ͻȻһܲ˴һ˿˿֣֮ҶԪһɺɽӿҶ֮ϡ
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ܲ˸оԽԽѣ֮ѹסˡ


1002 
һŨĺ֣֮ܿռͻȻޱѹ֣ѹֵ˴
˫նĽûܵķȻıˣеҪǰʮҡ
ʮѹ
ҶһЩ򣬽֮뵽ȭ֮Уܿռޱȼ̣Ȼ˫նĽ⡣
ޱϬĽ⣬ʮѹǰǴѿЩѵĽиܵĽ֮ϣȻ׵˺ѽƣȥ

ʱ䣬洫һĲҽ֮˱У֪
֮£ֱ̨ܣʼӹ̽ƣٴγЩ˵ĵӣѾ̧ȥȥˡ
ҶܽΧЩɢĽǴҶ壬һҲûѪĳǷһӡ
ôܣ˫նʦֵĽ׵˺طΪλƲСӵ
ֳһδηڣ˫赣ҶŲٴһ̤ǰ̤һɣ·ضˡ
ýˣ
һͷѵͻҶֱӱȥΪһǣȭĽһȦеĽ˽ȥ
ЩÿԴҵ
ҶһЩƮɢ̨ϵĽ˾ħ֮УĽ״ԼᴿᴿΪһϬʼ
˫նһԼĽȻԷˣֱ˼ʲô졣
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ףҶһȭݺݵ£ռֱӱ򱬣˫նһǺֱӱɳȥ
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֮ǰҶ㻹Լѹϣû뵽ʱ䣬Ȼתˡ
ƲˣҶٴһ̤һȭʮּ򵥣Ƿȭ磬ѾܻΪ棬򵥵ķȭȻ
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Ҳǲأ޷˺ѿռԭ򣬾˺ѿռ䣬Ҳܲס˷ָİ֮硣
˵ĶˣҶ㻹վԭأȭͷأͲҶϽ֡
׳弸ˣȫտڲȭͷһҶ⣬ǿ϶һʱȥɱ˫նΪҶ㱨
ǿ̫ǿˣʦһ¿۷һˡ
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һɫĸӡ֣СһĨ⣬ҲһĨϼĴڽ֮ϡ
꣡
Ų˼һĻˣһ̣ȫվҲ⣬Ǽ˵


1003 ط
ȫվһգȫŲ˼֮ɫ
ܣⲻܣ
˫նͻȻҪĺȴСĿ
Щӣ¶˼֮ɫ𺳡
꣬ꡭ
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һŨĲ˲ܣÿһͷǺݺݵץץԴΪԼΡ
ֱӴԼһ⣬ΪԼ˯ˣҵʹϮȫ֪ⲻΡ
޴Ľ֮ϣѺԽԽ࣬һʰղŻǳ콣գۼĹ򣬽ֻʣƬ
׳弸ɱתΪϲ̶̵һʱ䣬Ҷ㾹Ȼ췭תս֡
ԭҶղһֵӲװģǳͷβûн˫նһָƽ⽣ߡ
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ȿȡ
žʱԶɽͻȻ
طħ֮壡
žʱ̣ȴܴÿһ˵Ķ档


1004 ӵ
׼ŭһ̣һ
Ŀˢˢľۼʯ֮УһӰĵ˳ǰѱѪǣÿһοԣ
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𾪵˵һҶǿĻֻش
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̶ʱ䣬ؽȥҲҪѲƤ
˴ֻı飬̶ƼҺɽһȻı̶¶ܴﵽǧȣؽȥҲԵֵ
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ǧսһӣִһȣƺҲյ
Ըܳͷ
ǧսܺݺݵĵҶһۣһγ֣ûɱҶ㣬⵽ͷòʧ
ƽϢҶֱһ˫նԴһѪ
㡭
ǧɽɫŭҶ˫նѾˣҶ㻹ǳֽɱ
һ죬ҲԴ
Ҷ˿ܻˣֱĶǧսܣ˫նһӣԴҶ
úúãҵһ죬ȶʱ䣡
ǧսܽɱѹȥûʲô塣
ˣڿʼɣ
һ飬ɺʮ־ʣΪҶ㣬ѾȻζ
˫նͷʬ屻̧ȥҶ㻹վ̨֮ϣȻû˸̨̨׷ȥ
սվ̨ϵģӵӣÿֻĸ֪ʮּҡ
ȻûսҶϥ£óҺʼָ塣
ǧսһ£ҶȫѾڣҲø
һЩصӻˣֻһЩػǲϷǧ˲μӣֻаᡣ
ܿҲ̨ϳû˼ȥսӵ֮λˣˮġ
̨ܿҲƽϢһŮǸҶһƼҵѩȻҲ˳ͻΧ
һ̨Ҳսսʮж֣һӵλá
־ϧ֮£ԵΪӵӣҲһ£ֻڵȰ֮ˡ
ĸ𺣣ҲгӵӵǱ
ˣӵҶȥɣ
һĸˣҶҲָĲˡ
Щֵķ׷뿪ƽ̨ܿߵһɶ̸ĲӵҶһ뿪ֱ֮Ѱȥˡ
ԭԽսͷɿƼҹ˺ü£һЩӣΪͬ໥򶷡
ϲǳΪӵӣ
ֵĳϽ˴һ𣬹ϲһ䡣
Ͽˣ
ѩ¶׵ݣЦ˵
߰ɣȥɲ壬ѡȻӵӣͲԭɽˡ
ϽᰣڼҲкܸߵĵλ
ǣᰳϣ
һ˵һ䡣
Ҫ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ౶
ѩҶ㲢ߣŵЦ⣬ղҲΪҶɡ
Ҳ
Ҷûжٱ飬ĮĻش
ҲҪСŶ˵ӵӶһȺ̬ſʮǿ󣬸ӵȣСĿ
ѩҲ⣬ϾҶ㲻Ǻ졣
Ҷ˵ͷӵЩ˽⣬ʵζأ󲿷ֶؾ
Ҳõģɲú˹ǵģ
̸ᰳϴЦ˵
˵ȻΪ⣬Ҷȴͬɱ˫նǧսܣҪҶģ
˵꣬᰻ζĿһҶ㣬ƺҶ㣬дΪ̨ЩҪҲҪ
ҶЦһԼûк̨κ˶ղֻ˴һΣԷԼ鷳Ѿˡ
ܲһֱһôļ壬ÿҪĵ̫ˣڹؼʱ̣һ©Լݣ϶ƶԸԼļˡ
Ҷ㲻Щˣһ֪ˣ϶ɳǰȥ²Ϊв׸Լİѱ
ԴΨʵԼ㹻ǿ󣬸κв
һʱ䣬˳ɲ棬ֱ߽ǰĵ棬ÿһӵǰҪȼȡӦĶơ
ǺܴΪÿ츺٣ֻӵӣ浹Ҳûмˡ
վס
ڼ̤ʱһȳˣסҶ㼸ˡ
֣Ϊסȥ·
¶΢ŭ֮ɫڶԷӵӣҲ̫
ᰳϣʵڲ˼Сɱ˫նֱǧ̶ܱͷҪСӺúõĹܳͷ
һɱ⣬ƺ͵ȺҶǰ


1005 
Ҷȫ벻ԼδΪӵӣѾ˵ȺһͲ򵥣س۷壬ϢҪ˫նǿ
˫նͻزãЩƵӵȣкܴĲࡣ
ԷȻҪԼҶɢһŨɱ
֣Ҫ֣ɲ壬֮ҲܣڲС
ƺҲԸ⿪֣Ҷ⵽˴ѹҲʧӣϾġ
ϷģֻԳͷһ£ᵢ̫ʱ䣡
ֶ˵һƳҶ£᰻δӦֱӻɱҶ㡣
񣬹ݣų涼ɱˣ
Ҷ˿̵뷨ȻˣɱһӰ٣Ժ˴Լ⡣
ɱ
һʵһɱɢɱ¾֣֮ףһĨ̺ɫĹâˡ
ͣ
壬һֻ첲᰸оԼģѪ
ͣ
һ첲һȷѪ˳Ŵʡ
һз̫죬Ѫ˸ûзӦȵǷӦʱֻʣһȣڵϰ
⡭
¶Ȼ֮ɫǴתҶֶ𾪡
𾪵ĪᰣسϣҶնֱֵۣûз⽣̫ˣĲ˼飬ѵҶĵơ
ҹ£ȷֱһȣ´ֱնԴ
ɱ¾֮ջأҶ˵˿ڵϰ֡
أ֫ǿ϶ԭװԺͻΪˡ
㡭㡭
õܹΪܻɱҶ㣬ȴҶһֱ۸ȣղŲǴԣһشû
ﰵп࣬˭Ҳ벻Ҷָ֮졣
ʲôң˵һ仰ҾնԴ
һɱֱֵĻ꺣һ䣬ǾҶľԽԽ
̾Ϣһû֣Ҷ㼸˽ȥ
ܻɢվżˣһ¶֮ɫҶֶ𾪡
Сӻ첻µز£ѵ֪ӵ֮Уǧɽռ֮һһһҺ
˴ŲĿǣΪҶ̫ſˡ
ۣҶ͸ˣ߽︺䷢ơ
˭֣
Ҷ׼ŻʱһȣһɿֲƳҶѹ
Ʒ磬Ȼˣ
ֹһ䣬ɢֲƵӽƷ磬ҲǧɽӣǰͽˣҲغʵʮֿɲʮҲһƷ硣
գۼĹƷҶǰһĶܵγˮֻ棬ֻʣ°
Ҷ㰵䱸һˣƷҶ㾹ȻһۿףϢ纣Хȫÿһÿռ졣
Ҳǰп࣬û뵽һӵӣȻǳôһ鷳һ鷳
ϣⲻƷôʱܵˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ˱ǣһʮ߰Ů˳Źװͷϻһɫĺɻܷܷ¶棬÷ǳ
ᣬҪָ㣡
ˣƷƣĿ⣬ĶҶ㣬޲ܵҶɱ
ҵȻܲǽһˣã
ҲһЦеɫ
㣡
֣ѩ˳ѩģ˶ǳ÷·壬ҳ˴˶ʶ
СѾͷĻҪǿ󡣡
ѩԴһ簮
ѩһͷߣھȻԴĳ˳ӡ
տ԰
ῴһƷ磬ڿһҶ㣬ǴŵЦ⡣
Ѿӵˣڿˣ
Ʒ䣬Ͻ뿪
ϣõңҲ뿪ء
ᾹȻû뿪˼ƷҶм䣬޷Ʒ֡
ʲô˼ΪϴоͿǰҫڲݹҲ
Ʒ类ŭˣ׼֡
ϣ㻹ǵﰡʱСǲǻҴһܣû£档
˭Ҳ㲻ղƷҪɱҶ㣬ôƷִˡ
˶֪ڰҶ㣬תĿꡣ
뱣Сӣ
ƷҲɵӣѾˣһ棬һ˼ȻǰбҶһΡ
Ҳ˵ʲôô£ֲɣ
Ǹӣ˿ӵϵһȥˣƷ綼Ҫɵ֡
úúãСӣһʱܲܶһŮʲô
ƷջϵƣݺݵĶҶ㡣
ϣѵ㲻Ƕ˵ҿ˵ϲӷ֪񼸿ˡ
˵꣬ȻЦӵ˭֪ϲӷӵ֮УûԸ߽
㡭
ƷĹϵͬһ㣬֮ã˾֪飬ᾹȻɸһôܲ
ʲôңѵ㲻ϣûл
⸱˲Ҫ죬Ҷ㶼εҡҡͷƷڴȥ϶ᱻ
ѩЦĺϲ£죬ƺ׼ʲô˼
㣬ʲôм
ѩһɻı飬Ǵ񣬸޷ϵһȥ
ȿȡ
ʮΣ֪θСѾͷ͡
Ǹ˵껹ָָƷ硣
ʮСѩ˵˼䡣
öİ
ѩſƷ磬ѾΪƷ϶ƷƺҲϴˡ
վƷߵļͻȻһ˳ȥǶǸƷһģһŹƷ磬Ҳԡ
ǸʲôѵҲΪϲ
ż˶ԼԶԶأƷһȡ
ЩȻ˵ѾˣУޡ
Ҷ۽һᣬǽ䱸Ů̫ˣ򵥵һͱƵƷ޻֮ɨء
ᣬҼסˣҿܱСӵʲôʱ򡣡
Ʒ粻ڴȥˣڴȥҪƼң̫ˣʱûҲС
ҵ£ƺİɣ㻹ǹԹԵĹȥɡ
ٴ˵һ䣬ƷһǺˤҶҲǲһˮ˳ỹǸƷ
ɫƣ֪
Ʒ뿪¶˵Ц⡣
лʦ֣ʦܸм
ȻԷûָյİԼҶ֪û֣Լ϶ⲻ˸Ʒһս¹˭֣Ҷûκΰա
С쵹ͦ𣬼ȻˣҾȥһѡһɡ
ᳯҶһۣҶһͷߣŮ˻ѲϣԺҪ̫Ľ


1006 
ᳯҶһۣǵҶһͷߣǰŮ˾Բһ㣬Ʒ綼ɵ֡
лʦ㣡
Ҷ㻹Ǹм˵һ䡣
ǵǷһŶ
ֱ˽ȥǸ𷢷ӵӶƵĵطᰣͱһԣҶ㶼ûƹ
⵽ƣ᰸ûгֹ˼ҶѾûκκøС
˽ȥһ׺ߣ𷢷ơ
ǵĶѾѡˣȥɣ
ϰڷöƣֱӦΨƲܴ򿪶ơ
涼̻Լ֣ѩһ飬ķֱԼһö
Ҷ׼ȥãȴһҶ
򣿡
ʶһɨ涴ȻأΪҶŷֵɲεĶ
㣬ʲô򣿡
ѩʶһɨԼǶķ׷ʶɨһ飬ҲǶ
ȻǶ򣬵Ҳ֣ϵȶ򣬸µȶѩĶҪ˺˺ܶࡣ
ɲ屻򣬷ֱһ򣬶ȻҲһ٣࣬յȼ֣һΪŨɲȪλãΣɽ¡
򵥵˵һ飬ǶˣҶֵһܴεĶ
ϣϵкܶõĶΪβóҪóö򶴸
ὫӵϣƺЩŭҶ㶼һ㶡
˼򶼱˶ˣֻʣһˡ
׺ƺҲԸᣬЩн
ȻһǾóϽ϶򡣡
ϱղˣղŶƷ磬Ц洺磬ɱ˲Ѫıʧˣȡ֮һĨ亮

׺ӳƺЩΪ֮ɫ¡
ǲһ˫ն
ŶԷı飬£һ°Լ㷢ƺЩʲô
ᣬͲҪΪˣ֪Щǲ𡣡
׺߾ȻƺΪᣬϵȻһ㡣
Ҿͺ𣿡
˵ȥ׺һ֮ɫǳѲ˭ҪǱϣƳԷˮڡ
˸㣬˫նѾˣøˡ
˵ָֻ꣬Ц⣬Ҷ㶼Ǻգ仯֮죬ֱ˷˼
ҽ𣿡
׺ӳϽĿ⿴Ҷ㣬˫նҶɱѾʲôܣƼңڶ򶴸ǧɽռ׼˫նģҶҪȥ϶⵽ǧɽһµĴ
ɣ
Ҷûб鲨˼ŽûʲôֻжǲĶһûǿʵ޷õ
㹻ǿʵȻһĵӣǴܣȡԷĶЩɲ徭֡
Ҳû뵽Ҷش˸ɴ࣬˼ľ˵˳
Ѿ׵ˣ˶Էһ𣿡
Ҷʼ磬ε˵Լǧɽ嶼ŹԼβԼѡһһĶ°빦
йϲ㣡
һӣҶļʮ⡣
Ҳ˵ʲôֻóöƣ²һ£ӵϣʶһɨһĵ˵ͷ
ˣСѾͷ֮£ȥúɣƷɲһŶ
˵ѩ뿪ˣ˼ҶܲףܱסԼһʱܱסԼһƷ϶ǲŹԼ
һлʵԼ㹻ǿ󣬻Ʒв
Ҳ˵һ䣬ֻҪƼңûΣգƷ粻ҵڻɱӵӣƼ֮ڣֹ˽²ɱ
Ҷ˫նսǰԼˣȨ档
Ҷ뿪ƼңȨˣղŵ˼ҲϣҶһʱ䲻ҪȥĵĴɲʵ˵
㣬ΪҪҶ㣿
ڻȥ·ϣѩЩףƺʶҶɣ֮ûʲô
Ƿһ飬һξ͵ǻ顣
ԭҲвģҶ㡣
˭
ѩİ֮ˣ˭㶼Ƿһ顣
һСѾͷ֪ôʲôϽȥ
ѩСƨһţϽȥôľͲҪ
֮ϣٳٲƽȻҶӵӣɱ˫նȴһ˲ֵĵǡ
ᣬϣܾȷһΰɣҵһ
̾ϢһʲôʱԼӵڱ˵ˡ
ϸʾҶֱɲ֮ϣɲ壬Ҷ֪ĲˣȻ֮
ɲռ֮ңƼһǧӵӣɢɲ壬ֲɲɽλãʮŨҪȹŽϼ
ɽ嶥ˣЩһγʵʣҪȶҪ
Ŀһ򣬡һ죬Ҳһ
ҵԼλãҶóƲ˽ȥƺܿ򿪣Ҷ˽ȥ
󣬵ǾԲСʩһӦȫңңңﶼУ似ĳֱҪȹŽĶϼֹ
˵洫С֪СлҲȥԡ
洫ӼƼҳ֣˵СϧܶӶСʮİѹ֪С
Ҷ֪СӦһֶٵĿռ䣬ͨطܽ˴ͽȥ
ƣĽƻָȻ湥޷ãЩʱ˴š
򵥵Ϥһ»ĽҲ˳С׵ϣ´
ˣԼȥɣҪˣ
ҶС׸ĽԼȥˣⶴʮ֮㹻ˣˡ
ҶŨϥ£һȻղŻָ˼ʱϧûȫָҶҪһ壬ʲô֢
ʶһɨܶطòһЩûȫָҶֻóҺ棬ʼ
һʱգ۶Ҷõ˻ָǴָҺҲĵĲˡ
ЩͱĽ׳ԵĸɸɾʯҲ޷άС׵ģҶֱͷˡ
ԻֱҪҶĻҪء
ϴƻָĵҩԪҸˣҪһЩָĵҩаŮָָ滹дҩֻǲƳһЩҩϣƳԼĵҩ
Ҷ㰵˼Ԫ磬ŸĴ棬֪£ҵĵر
Ʒ϶׷ŹԼҶû̫ʱ䣬ǰΨһİ취ֻϣͨаŮƳʲôõĵҩˡ
ˣһɹŽô񣬿Իȡٻ֣ܲܶһöָԪĵҩ
ϴƵҩϴϣ˺ܶϣѾûжҩƻָԪĵҩˡ


1007 
ڶһ֮ҶƿֹһԾʧɲ塣
һյʱ䣬Ҷص˹Ž֮ϣּλʦֶڣΪҶǲñȥˡ
ʦܣôˣӦɲ𣿡
ҶʦֵܶʮָˣǹŽҲӵˡ
ҹλʦ֣û£Ҳˣ
Ҷ㻹ǵģ뿪֮һЩ۵ٴǰ鷳
һһʱշתãټ񶼶һɻ֡
Ҷʧ׳弸һȭͷģԺٸСʦϺȣصԼȫȡԺҲʸӵӡ
ãټ񶼽ȥѾʲôܣһֵĳƽĴһֽҶ֮С
ƣҶûֱͣȡԴĴڣ׼Щ֣ȡö޸Ԫĵҩ
ûлָԪĵҩ
Ҷֱʵ
ָԪĵҩ֣񵤣ڻ굤ϻ굤Ҫһ֣
һĳʮֵֿҩ˵˳
ֵҩһЧã̵ʱ֮ڣָԪ񡣡
Ҷʱ䲻Ǻܶ࣬ҪҵָԪĵҩ
յȼ֣Ʒһڻ꣬ϻ꣬廹Ҫ˵˵ʲôˡ
߲䷳Ľ͡
ΪԪģ˯һָʺϻָ
Ҷ㲻ʣغаŮǰ;ݲһ˿⡣
Ǵ򶷾ҵԪ񣬵³˯þǾ񵤣ؾָۣܻ԰Ԫȼ
ϲ˼˵
ڻ굤һЩԪ־ţⲿײкܺõЧϻ굤Ԫشĵûжô
һȡöҪٻ֣
ҶֱӾȡ񵤡
һöҪһ֡
߱һ֣Ҷ㰵ľԼһٶֻܻȡһö񵤣ԷǼƷƷҩҲȻˡ
ﻹдĲϣҿܲܶһһ֡
һ֣ҶƼҽģЩڵҲԶһɻ֣Ҷ㶼һ˳
߼򵥵ɨһۣҡҡͷЩֻܶһǧ֡
ҶѴԼһ֣Щֻܻǧ֣ȱǧԼָ滹вҩҶ㲻ܶá
Լȡ񵤵ĿģǰаŮָЩҩƳɵҩ
Ҷʦ֣Ҳһ𣿡
ʱҶһһϤ׳ˡ

Ҷǵˣ֮ǰһƼңһڲܿţҶΣ֧ϵ·ϱ˴˾ʶˡ
Ҷʦ־Ȼǵҡ
Ҷ㻹ǵԼʮָˣϾҶӵӣƼ졣
ҲһƷ
⼸½ҲСﵽغڣѹ˶ԴƼңЩ֧ܳأǾˡ
Ƽңضǵ׵ĴڣֻеأЩλأֻԱ
Ҷʦֶһ𣿡
˵ͷȷһġ
ҶЦһԼȱǧֵ˵˳ʵڲУֻܻȡһöˣȻָУܹ֣ڻȡһö
ԭҶʦֻȱǧ֣ûǧ࣬⼸˲ȽҶʦ֣
˵꣬óƣҪԼǧֽҶ㣬⼸˲ܹ֣Իȡһöƽ԰ͻƵؾ
ôԣ㻹Űɣ취
ǧֶҶ˵ʲôǶ˵ðΣջġ
Ҷʦһʲô㣬ڲܾͱţˣҲûҽ졣
֪֪ͼûҶ㣬ţ϶˵Ҷо֮
ҶԥˣòãҶ㲻ԸǷһ飬Ͼغǰ;
ˣ˵ʵааһöƽ
ҶͷͨܿͨеаŮָˣƽֵֻȽһ¡
ãǧȽˣ֮һỹ㡣
Ҷûн飬ҲܿʵʵҪԼ
ܰҶʦҵңżż
ֱӽϵĻȫҶ㣬ʮʹ죬϶ʹһöƽɻͻƵؾ
ʦܣһЩҺţҿ۷廹һξ룬óȻ̷ƽײȣȻȥҺ糹׹
Ҷ㽫ϽʮҺ˳ҺҶһɣǶ˵Ǳ
ŵӣӴҺǿҩǧöҩҲϰٽҺ
Ҳֱ֪Լ۷廹һξ룬̫ѹȣҲóȻȡƽ
粻ͻƾ磬ԺɲĥӰ죬޷ڽһ
Ҷ㼫õҩͻƾ磬ĵرûκθòſԡ
ϴε赤ҶҲͻƵ۷徳̷ȥھ̷Ϊ˾ǹ̸
Ҷ֣ɹĻȡ˾񵤣ǻȥаŮָԪ
ײ壬Ҷ˴ͨѶʽ֮󣬸ԷֿҶ㻯Ϊһǣʧʣֱӽɲ塣
صҶֱϥ£ʶǬ֮УаŮȻڱĿԪҪǰ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊûб壬̬ԪݻԪ֣ǹĵĽ
аŮܲ˵
ҶʶȻչأʶûйرա
磬ˣ
˹һƣ֮ɫ
ö񵤣ӦܰǻָԪ񣡡
ҶóöҩǸղŻȡġ
ŶȻǾ񵤣ȷܰǻָ
һʱԼָʵ̫һزȫָ
ã̷ȥ
ָܻҶһϲ֮ɫ
񵤣ŮҲ˹ɫв࣬ƣ֮ɫ
öҩ˳ȥаŮ£̷ȥʼϥ£һɹɵĻǵɢ
Ҷʶص˱壬ҲʼĿͣڣһʱ䣬ûҪͻơҶ㱣صĹһ£Ҫһʱ䡣
һ棬˺ڣҪ򣬺ܶϲ֮䣬ȥǼķ϶˲ͻƾ硣
ʱһȥתȥˣʮƽ
Ǭ֮УǿϢˣаŮȻ˾񵤵˲ͻƵؾ
Ϣ⼸±չأǸĶ࣬ڵõ˾ΪӣֱӴһԽ
ܿڣһʵҶԪѽǬ֮С
صͻƣкܶ෨仯ҶĪİÿǰһصķϢ


1008 
ҶԴǬðаŮͻƣܸõĸصı仯
ֱӷɳڶ֮УصϢ֣绹Ǻȡ
ҶϥߣϸϸЩطԼ洩ҪץסһЩ
ָоʵʵҶ˵·ǰһֽ͸ȴڵסߣ޷
ÿһ󾳽ԽҪĻۣЩطҶֱӸɽʼ
ħ֣ʼЩһ˿˿Ԫ֮뵽֮С
ףҸоҵľɶ˲٣
Ҷ¶ϲ֮ɫԭط򣬿Լʱ䣬дɣǿԿٵ硣
뷨һ֣Ҷ¶һ˿ɫ
в۵ģҲֱӽȫ
ҶĽ״ԼᴿȻޣһҲ
ʱ䣬аŮϢȫƽϢȶڣʮʵֳѪĸо
磬ȫָˣ
˷ܵԪָҲһָȡ
ҩεС̷ȥ˵أͻҲпܰ
Ľײ֪ʲôʱˣһ̰ı飬࣬϶ֱӽаŮȥ
Ҫʲô
аŮĽʮİŵ÷һУµľཫȥѡҶ
ϰףҪŻǣ
ҶĽףаŮЩԼ̫࣬ôܽȥһ·ϻ˺ĸ飬
أҺܺ棬ôѷĵطȻõҩ顣
Ľ׻Щ⡣
ҶֻýԼεõаŮ˵һ飬ĽײŻȻ
УЩҪ鷳㣬вҩҪƳɵҿƳʲôҩҾġ
Ҷת˻⣬ǰҪ硣
˵꣬Ҷ㽫еҩ˳аŮʼһЩҩ˹ɣʺʲôĵҩ׷ࡣ
ҩǴԪһһŵϻõģ㹻ҶƳ¯ĵҩˡ
磬ҩƳֵҩһƶ򵤣ڶɷֽһЩĲϣһЩ˵ҩ
ҿͻƵأƳֵҩڵľ磬ҪҩͻƵؾҲҪɼҩЩϸΨһİ취ͻơ
֮󣬻ɳֵҩʺϴ
ҵ뷨ıϣҵľ粻ҩĿǰʵݾİ취Ͱ˵ȥɣ
Ҷ˵ͷе뷨Լıϡ
У˳Ƴöƽ
Ҷһ䡣
ڵľ磬ӦòҪƽ˰ɣͻƵʱõĵҩ
һɻ֮ɫҶΪҪֵ͵ȵҩ
ãͰ˵ȥɣ
Ҷûн͡
аŮʼƵҩԪͻƵأ°빦ǿԪٿأһööҩ֡
һʱ䣬һƳöƶ򵤣öɷö˵ҩʮţöƽ
ҩҲһգҶٴαҩĵĲˣҺðаŮָǬÿʮöԪԪ
ȻԼòϣԺԻȡʯС硣
ƣаŮ˺ܶԪ񣬷׷׻ȥϢȥˡ
ŵҩֵҩҩҶ֪
ƶ򵤵øƽ࣬ͻƵļʣ۵س۷壬̷ƶ򵤣ͻƾ硣
ɷ溬дɷʺ
֮ǿȻѪҲǿ㣬Եʵ
˴֮һʬûʲôȻǿ󣬵ġ
£ͻӦⲻ
ϥ£óǶ̷ֱȥͻƾ磬ڴ塣
һǿھħ֮ըһףҶ
ǿҩҪԼħǿʮ
ħҲǼƷƷҩҶ㾳粻㣬ЧƵǶԶ
ٴƺҲܵ˴̼Ԫɸ̬Ҷݻһ
֮ٴʼ뵽֮Уɶ󣬾ֻһ֮ң
ǲ
Ҷóһöƶ򵤣̷ֱȥµٴըΪһʴĺֱӳ忪Ҷƿ
ã
ҶһȣһöƶҲ̷ȥ԰Լǿ
ııģ
ҶĽһööңĵĽģÿһǿҵı
ɷǿ
ɷ֮Удɷǿǿ壬п⵽ɡ
Ҷǿ󣬵þ⵽ɣһööɷⷢսһ
ԽԽǿȱʧʮֽӲһĸû¶ȡ
ܶ󶼱ӣʮǿ󣬵жٻȫӲΪͻƵʱûв㹻Ĵ֮
ҲǺܶǿϲսԭ彩ӲƶٶȲֻ֣ǿ֧ţߣܶ˶ϲԶսһƿķ
öҶһ̷ȥһɫֱ֣ӻΪ֮ղֱϢʧҲӽӲ״̬һ
ǿ󣬲⽩ӲЩߣϸսǿһͿ
Ҷӣ岢Ǻܿ࣬Ǳ׼ģǱÿһ缡
ںܿȹֱ۷壬ûжȻͣ۷塣
ͻƳһʱ䣬ϢŻֹͣҶϵɢ
Ľվһԣ֮ɫҶ㡣
̫̬ˣôǿ֪ԺÿһҪԴ𣿡
Ľ״ʹҶ㲻ⱲҲָ۷״̬ˡ
֪ǰѶΪ֮ڻߺڣҸûսʤֵĿܡ
Ҷ֪ܲͻƾҪöҩȵͻƵغڣҪҩ
һܼӣЩҩóȥܰһͷأֻһС硣
Ľ׳ˣЩҩҪóȥһأȫ÷Ѿ
㾹ȻҸЩȣ
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬ͨأʮҲԼ֡
һĽûзҶڵ磬ֻҪس֣Ҫĺѡ
ȥˣ
Ҷʵ
ӻˣ
ĽЩģͲָССҲǽչ٣ûͻƣһЩţȴ˲١
С£ҳȥһˣ
ҶӦ֮ȥѾȥˣԷ϶ȵòͷˡ
Ľ׻Ϊһ⣬Ҷ棬Сſԭ


1009 Ŷ
վӣȫһı糴һ㣬һʹâҶɢ
Ҿֽһ
ҶȭͷһǿŷҪ˴սһһԼǣܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
򿪽ƣҶ㻯Ϊһǣʧԭأײȥ
Ƽռؼʮʮһ޴ĹȣײɲеĻҲһʱ䡣
ΪһӰҶײ֮ϣͨͨѶ
ϧźŷȥˣͨѶûκζϢʯ󺣡
Ҷüͷһ壬ѵʲô⣿
ǲȥȥˣԼԼʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ҶΪȥȥˣͨѶҲоƣڹ涨ķΧ֮ڣղϢ
Ǳߺǹȥ
ƺûע⵽Ҷ㣬ҴҵĴҶ߹ײһסլȥŵʮּª
λʦ֣һ£ʶ𣿡
Ҷסˣ¶Ц⣬ʮʵ

ƺʶҶ㣬ϾӵܶŵûпŶкܴ󲿷ûе
ǵģСС˼λʦЦɣ
ҶóԪԪǰõóֵֻԪԪˡ
Ҷʮֶ£¶ϲɫҶż򵥣ûϢΪҲŵӡ
סȥɡ
ָһҶȥ
лˣ
Ҷ˳ָķ򣬳ײȥ
ΣˣһһǰҲ
Ҷʧ໥̸
˭һŶ˵ںܶ˶ˣϣ߹Ŷλá
һ˵
ˣǻȥɣǵı£ֻ֣ܿ
˵һԪԪֱ뿪ԭء
˳ŵ·Ҷ㿴ǰۼ˺ܶˣƺʲô飬˶ۼһҶʶһɨʱһŭ
һΣҶʧԭأҲȺ֮С
ϽŶĵַ˵ȻҾšԴ
Ⱥм䣬һһݵĶĺȵ˿˼Щ
ţԽԽгϢˣҪŶĵֵַںεء
ӾȻǿţϴαҶˣȥõһЩҩƣõĲˣһֳ֣ʵ٣ﵽغ۷塣
²ֵܣҲһ𡣡
߽ˣţſʮּɵĿ֮ˡ
ֵܣϧ嶼вȱԸ壬ƼңԸǣӵӶҪɵֵˡ
ҪһţСҪߣѵ
¶Цʮ˻ƣһ࣬ʮֲ
ȱһֻ䣬ȱһֻ۾Сֻаرӣʮ
ţɫǵͨ죬ʮְԵҲֻŵߣǰûκΰ취
ʱ䣬ҹ
дһÿţϽ
ţʮֲģֻ˵һԣݺݵղŸַ뿪ˣֵܾˡ
ûˣԸҹŶĵַ㲻˵Ҳȱʲô
һöذףϱȻһ¡
ŵӣ̣ǽҧס˫һȻ֮ɫ
ҲģõκϢ
ͻȻüᶨԼϴδӷһöû뵽¼һϢ
֮УϢй¶˳ȥʱ䣬ܶҪϢǰЩȥȡƽҲϵ
ʵвȻˣͨЩҶһ֮ɫ
Ϊ˰Լֽô˵вȴΪ
̸ܵУҶ˽ȥ
੣лǲ̣ԼҲͰˣϲϸʲôҲ֪ôƼҡ
һЦ֣һӰȻӵӡ
ƷҲܹˣһӵӣҲŵԴǲ֪ܣ
ƺôƷˣϾֻس۷壬ж۷壬ؾ
Դ
Ʒ¶Цݡ
Թ߾֮вҲܵŵˣ۸һ֮
Ʒֱ̤ߣʾҪš
СֵܣֻҪϸҹŶλãԻᱣ֤㰲ȫǣҲ֪ҵݣӵӵݱһȫ⡣
ܸ˭ˡ
ƷһѪ˵УƷ
Ʒп϶ưոݡ
վ滹һţ񣬻кܶȻ֪ŶλãиƷڣ
ƾʲô㣡
ѿ͸Щˣ⼸кüǰأڱҵˡ
һң
ԼƷܲˣһӵӣҪһŵӣֵ
ƾûʸ񣡡
Ҷ㿴ȥˣֲȥ׵أһӰΪҲ
˺һţ˷׷׳Դ˹ȥ
һӰȺ֮˳˹ȥ
һҪһģ
ΪҶҲҪ֪ŶλãԲдһ˵
ˣ¶һ˿ϲɫƺϣҲվֱˡ
˭Ҹ˵
Ʒһŭ⣬߳꣬ɢһޱȵɱ
˭ҪҪǣ۸ҵˣ
վҶ㣬ƽѰԼѡ
һģ
Ʒһ㶣һģҲŵɣ¶֮ɫ
ǰɣ
Ҷ˵ͷԼһġ
СӣҲ˭ڸϽҵǰڣȻһ
ô˵棬˲أƷ²ȻҪҶϴ
ȷ˵ģ
ҶǸһĨЦ⣬Ц棬һɳɱ
СӣðģϽ£
ҲҪҶ£Ҷ㿡εݣʮּʣȱЩúÿģͷǳʼɣЩĿ겻

ҶһŭȣɾֱеĻ꺣

ͬʱһҽУʱ߿ѪϱøĶ
˴һҶƾһŭ𣬾ˣ˭Ϊŵƺû
۷׷ף󲿷ֶŵӣѹͲʶҶ㡣
СӣȻ͵Ϯǣ
һһҶ£׼նɱҶ㡣
ǲҾƼͬеķ
ҶһݣӵӣѾһЩȨ˴һЩŵӣŵӣ嶼˹ע
ǿȨȭͷǵֻҪ嶼һֻ۱һֻۡ


1010 뿪
²һ֣ҶѨذףҪҶϻӡ
˵Ҷ㳤ôΣһƣΣҲҪҶɳ˹֣ҪǻҪ
Щ²̬ˣֻҪǣ׵ıɱһĥʹ̶̳ȣη
ɱҶ֮Уŷһɸǿɱ⣬ȭͷһΪףݺݵ˵֮ϡ
䣡
ֻը죬žӰɳȥǶߵķݣǿ֮ϣѪһѪꡣ
ۣ
һѪ֮ϣܿ׹أƵڵҳδӣȻҶһܡ
һз̫죬˵˼άϽ࣬ƺͣڸղһ̣Ѿˡ
˭ÿֲʵ
˵һеʵǿ֪ģس۷壬ȻҶһȭɡ
ۡ
ĵվȫʹһ˿ڼһ塣

ͬʱУǵĵﾹȻѣԪڿٵţò˶ãͻһˡ
˵ζʧȥ˵ӴԺֻܱɷˣһ춼ķˡ
Ҫɱ㣡
зĺֵܣƼҵˣΪϣδ֪ӭǵĽʲôˡ
ɱң
һɱ⳯ûȥһѪǵ
ǣӦԺôȹСУ
ҶЦһѾ˶¶˵⣬һЩǰ۸ĲεĵӣѾվ
Щ˲ȱ䣬۾еĽмʮˣΧ
Լ۸Щӷ׷Χңһ֮
ʦ֣ɱǰɣ
оȻͬʱϣҶܸһ˶ϡ
ǽֹ໥ɱģ㻹Ǻúõһ£ζ
Ҷ˵꣬ûУѱʮŵӳûбˣ֪Ҫܶٳ裬һ㱻ĥ
ǱӦνѭӦˬˡ
֮ҶƷ˹ȥֶԷһļɵ֮ɫղҶһȭˣƷû
ʱ䣬ҹסǹ
Ҷ·ħЩһ˿֮ġ
ң
Ʒɫ䣬ֱ뿪ҲͰˣҶ㾹ȻҪ뿪
кβң뿪оİ
ɱȻֱܲӺһµɱ
ڿţԴȺ֮УڲͱҶһȭܣڵҶ㣬Ϣ纣ﻹҶ
ܺã㾹Ȼһӵ˵ˣҾͲˣߣƾҲסҡ
Ʒ˵һ滰ͻȻһ䣬̤ɽȻҪ뿪˵ء
˭Ҳ벻ƷղڣҶһȳ⣬Լѡߡ
Ʒ̤ɽҶ¶һ˿аЦ
Ȼ˵Ļƨˣ
һɿµѹƷϿѹշƷͻȻʧȥ˿ƣһͷֵ֮䵽ԭء
˵һ飬ҹȥһΣͲǽѹǷϳĵ
һâҶָ֮ϣƷٲҶ㲻ڷϵһˡ
Ҷ㲻ǿЦӣƷɫˣҲûиղǹɰ⡣
λֵܣˣֻǹֵģȻǵĿһ̧֣ŹһΣҸм
ƷȻһӵӣҪĴӵϹųȥԺҲûˡ
ΪҶǵĿһϵõŶĵַϢ
һ
ҶһָͷղŸ˶Էʱ䡣
Ʒɫǳɫû뵽Ҷβ˭Ҳ¡
Ѿ𾪵Ըˣû뵽Ҷʵǿ˵زӵӣ޷γв

Ҷڶָͷâٴαǿ̵òƤʹ
ÿ񣬺úݣСӲǻ˫նˡ
Ⱥ֮УȻʶҶ㣬ȴ˲˵Ķ档
ƷһǺҶ֪ܲ˫նӵӣַϵֱۣȻɱˡ

ָͷˣҶ㻰һ䣬â˳ȥֱƷһƣ³ûʲô
ҹҹ㲻ҪϳҵΪ
ҶâƷȻûһ˿֮屻һѹԭأ޷
âͻȻʧھƷһԶʱʧӰ٣ƷǾһ亹
ɣ
Ҷһ֣ȺԶóһͨƷһɫԭعɽȥһʧ˵֮С
ը˹ӵӣ뿪һ磬ٴδÿ䡣
ҶԽԽ죬һЩϹŶʼעСӻ첻µز£κˡ
Լӱӵӹ뿪ЦһСʱչҶ֮⣬ԴӼѧԺ֮ƺҶԼԽԽԶ
˭Ҫ֪Ŷַġ
Ҷһɨɱÿһ˵ϣЩӣ׷޺ɢʱʧһɶ
ʦ֣˵ҶԪԪǲӦû
һǰͣҶǴ·ߵꡣ
ǸӦòûɣǴ·ߣǵġ
һ˴ŲȷǾȻӵӵĶһҶ㣬ûףҶ鷳
硭ǻɣⶫ֣
ԥ֪ûǲϾӵӵĶôõġ
ˣǻǻȥɣ
һ㽫Ҷ㣬Ҷǿɲ˲һ䡣
Ҷʦ֣лȣ
ЦһһҶ֣ıлƷķˡ
һʲô㣬Ҳ񵤡
ҶΪཻΪѵʱ̣Լһѣֵý
ܰﵽҶʦ֣ҵң
ԼƽܲͻƵضһδ֪
ͻˣӵӵѹȣ޻֮ǰҶһԵҶҲײ塣
ҲŶ⣿
Ҷһɨ˳ǿÿŵһ¡
ǸǸǸҶʦˣġ
˸ɰͰ͵Ҷʹ͸ǵԪԪ
Ҷ
ҶһͷˮǺܿˣԼʹ͵ԪԪԼԺ鷳
ҸлǸʦסַģͳȥջĵǲõģҲô
Ҷ㻺͸أصĴһڴ
лҶʦʹͣ
ɫϲԪԪЦ뿪ˡ


1011 ϴ跥ë
߰ɣȥĶ
ѾûˣҶļ
һƽ˽ŵҶ㳯ԼĶȥ
ŵӣûжĶһԺӣ˾ۼһ
ҶˣԺ̸ֹͣ׷׳ǰ
Ҷʦ֣
Щƽʱϵ㲻

Ҷ˵ͷӵӣЩŵӣһӶԼӵӣԶ¶˷֮ɫ
һªķ䣬ƽʱĵطһ֮⣬
Ҷʦ֣ʵڲ˼ªˣ
Щ˼ҶƼңŵӣǣͷʼֻмֱӳΪŵӣѩˣǱɽߡ
û£ҿϢ⼸쿴ȹˣһöƽ̷ȥҰ㻤
Ҷóһöƽӵ
лҶʦ֣
ͲлˣҶû뵽ʱ죬һöƽ
ͻưɣ
Ҷ˰֣˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҷ㶮Լؼʱ̣ԼҶ㲻֮
Ϊһöƽ񣬲Żǧ֣ڿԵóԸ
ϥ£⼸춫أҲ˳㽫ʮҺˣغ۷壬ֻһ֮ң
ƽһڷ£ϵϢ˱仯ڽڽٽ㻹һξ롣
ƽܵģֻǰͻƵļʣ˳ͻƾ磬ƽ˶ȥ
ɼʲˣЩޣҲǰ״
Щŵ˵мڷõҩǱͻƣĳɾͻƽʮȴֲǺ
ͻȻ󣬶ˣȻҩ
ȣҲ׻ȡƽżͻƾ磬ҲǲѶΪ֮
һöƽȥȻûаͻƣǰϴ跥ëˣƳƽҪƼһȡƷʺʮ
մһ۹Բˣδͻؾ¶һǷ֮ɫ
Ҫżղֻıʣƽ
ҶóһöƽȻͳƽЧȴһһƳƣϴ跥ë
ڶöƳƣͻƾ硣
Ѿøмˣԥ˿ϢδֹͣһֹͣҪͷ
ûڶöƽȥһǿĺֱײƿ˲ؾ
һǿϢķȥԺ潻̸ļһ¶֮ɫ
Ľ˼ʣǵȻ֪֮ͻƣ϶ҶкܴĹϵ
Ժӵչˣƽƣ飬ܲҲҶϵԺҲܵõһЩչˡ
סȡһͻƵڣ
ҶóʮöԪԪֱ飬ֱֲӰвεĽƣЩ޷ɢȥȫӿ뵽档
ʱ䣬ľٴͻƣڣϢֹͣʱǱþҪһʱ䣬ܼͻơ

ϢȶҶʮ⣬öͻ˾磬ʡ
ڲ츳ʱֻҲ˵ؾǾҶƽ֮ͻأҲпܡ
֪ܲԼЩӵµĽ˿ޱȳͨϢ˱仯øӴÿһ£
Ҷʦ֣һݣ
˵Ҷĸһͻƾ磬ʣֻ֮ˣŻô
Ҷ޹ʣֻǽ˶Էǧ֣ͻ֮࣬ôܲм
ˣҪŤŤѣмĻԺ˵ˣͻƵأȥΪŵӣԼҲһر
Ҷ˰֣ԪԪҶһʮƽҲЩʣҩƵģԼ˵Ǿţһëܽһֵиѣֵˡ
Ҷʦ֣ŵӲмȽżǵΪʲôҰɡ
żŵˣûʵҲǰ״ӵʵȻŵӣҲû˸衣
Ŷ
ҶѾ֪лƷĿģҪ֪ϹŶϸַ
ûǹŶˡҶϣҶʦһȥ̽õĶֻҪһɣʣµĶҶʦ֡
㽫ôõøҶ㣬ϾûҶ㣬е
ҶһڹŶûȤǼٵģܸܲһȥв˵ڶԷ˵ȻϣҶԺչԼ
ҶҲƣ˫ǻӮ
˹ŶҶѣԺ϶ҪҶ㣬õİ취һ̽
ȡĶԼһɣҶ߿һۣȡᣬΪ˳Զ㣬ǰ档
ãǰû£һˣ
ҶƿٳٲͻƣҲ˼ޣеҩҲ޷ֻоȥſԡ
²˳٣ھͳ
ʮż
˵꣬˴ӷ֮˳ȫһˣһ׸ɾ·˿ˬϢ
Ҷʦ֣ʦ֣ǳˣ
˳ԺһΧ¶ֺ֮ɫ
ҸҶʦҪȥһˣ⼸첻ˣȥɣ
ȻλߵϢѹƼˣ⼸ƽʱҲû۸
ǣ
ɫ䣬û뵽̶һʱϢ˷츲صı仯磬һǴ󾳽硣
ľǣƺÿ鲻٣Ҳ˵ʵõ˸ơ
ûἸˣҶѸ뿪ײ壬Ƽ֮ȥգۼĹ򣬾ʧ
һȺͰ˶ס˼뿪ƼǶ֪飡
һɽ֮ϣƷڲյϢҶѾ뿪ƼңҪɱˡ
Сӣ㲻ֻҪҾͻƤ֪Ʒĺ
Ʒҧгݵ˵
Ʒʦ֣˵Сһǿ绹ǵʦֳذɣ壬ÿԸСӿ⡣
һùѪͷС˵
˼ҲĶ֣
ƷɫĿ£ӵʮ⣬ѾŽǰʮһɣŽǰʮ޿ܡڵľ磬ɱҶ´ࡣ
ҡҲ˼
ŵһ˵ˡ
Ҷʦ֣յͼϵʾŶǰ棡
죬ڸ·С׻ƼңҶֻø˷и·
ܲһѰҰɣ
£һߣҶüͷ΢֪ϢֻôˣĵַҪԼȥ
˵꣬˷ȥȻˣȻͲ


1012 ڳ
˴֮£ֱ档
ĳҶʯᾣһƬɫԲһƬԴֲ
ﳣû˽ʮŨҩҲܿ١
罻֮أƽʱ̤ѹṳ̂ļ󣡡
ҶѾƼҵ̣һƬؽ硣
ϧʲУܳõҩ
̾ϢһҪŨҩ鲼Ļͱ˹ϷˣҲ̤㡣
ҩĻ̣ƼңֲҩҪʩ֣ȻҩҩԲá
ЩŨ֮أرҩܳǧɷֵҩ
ĵֻܳЩͨҩֵǺܺá
Ҳ⣬Ҷ㶼ŹĶһȡȥƳɵԴݣҶҵӡ
޴ƽԭתһʱ䣬ûйŶټҶɣŶ滹Ǽ١
㹺ȷ¼
Ҷ㿴һʵ
ûȷò޸֮󣬲ҵһ˿Ϣ
ᶨ˵ܾ
ǷͷȥңҲܸһЩ
ҶʶͲ鿴˺ü飬һͷǿ޶ûУ˵ˡ
ã
˸Էֿʲô֣ͷźš
Ҷʩչڴ֮пƶʶˮһϵȥϣҵһЩ˿
תһ죬һٲ漯ˡ
ٲԶͱ֮ϣ£ҵĺ
ϥ£ʱ䣬¶Ƿ֮ɫѵԼĿˣ
Ҷʦ֣˼ôʱ䣬ŶȻ
Ǹ
ҶͻȻվٲ˹ȥ˵Ļûȥ
Ҷʦ֡Ҷʦ֡
Ҷӣ΢΢Ӵ󣬲ҶΪʧˡ
֪Ŷˡ
Ҷ¶һߣ˸⣬Ķٲ
󾪣ѵŶٲ棿
ûв´Ŷڣٲ棡
Ѿ³һЩҶô˵Ҳʼע
ٲ˼ģô棬ǵ޷ȥ
ٲа֮֮ߣӾӣк£ˮ֮ļؿ¶޷
ٲ棬Ҳֻ̾޷롣
ܻа취ģ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ڵɵٲǰҲᱻˮߣ޷ȥ
Ҷʦô˶϶Ŷھٲ档
ȻɣǲȷҶһ϶֮ɫƺʲô
ע⵽ûУٲˮҺмĵطȴ͸ſնȻٲͨڣȻ
Ҷ͵
˵֪ϸϸȻһٲ෢м䷢ֻϸ΢ĲҶ㶼ˡ
һҲˣǲǹŶڣǿԿ϶ٲ϶ɽ
ʱ䣬˾ٲŨȲɲ壬ǸŽ޼
ҪڷҶһ򶨵ӣֻý˻ȥҶʱ䡣
˵Ҳ֣֮ٲˮͻȻСˣȻǷҵĺǰȣԵС˺ܶ౶
ˮҲûôļٲҲխ˺ܶ࣬һЩٲľʯ¶궼ٲʯͷԲΡ
Ҷʦ֣ô֪ٲͻȻС
ǿһҶ㣬Ҷһֱгѵ㵽ˣٲԼС
ܼ򵥣ÿУܵϫӰ죬ǺˮǺˮʣкһ࣬Уٲˮ϶С
Ҷ˵ԭÿ£ͻ仯ǴȻ
ԭˣ
һȻӡ
׼һ£ǽȥ
ʱ䣬˵ľ񶼻ָ۷״̬׼ٲ档
¶˷֮ɫŶʮʱˣڿԱ©Լǰ
ǰշ𣬳ٲٵķȥҪ̵ʱڳٲȻǻᱻˮߡ
Ҷĸ󣬷ɵٲһߵʱҶʾⶴھʧٲ治ǶڣʯڵĻ϶ײͷѪ
һͻȻһ䣬ٲ漱ٵĴ
ӴˮʱͻȻʧȥ˿ƣٲĳǳ֮һ⻹ǼЧǰ죬ȫ
𣡡
ƺ׼ͻȻ䣬סˮĳС
ͻȻֱ仯ٲˮԽԽ˴֮꣬ûǰΪ仯쳣
ղŻת֮ܲ϶Сλ֮ϣоʹ
ܵˮӰ죬ٲҵĺХǾѵĶ˳Ƶĺ
ˮӿ죬ѹһǺٴ׹׹ȥ㴩ȥҲײǽϣֻôˣֻ˳ٲߡ
ҶͻȻʧԭأƮʩչΪһǣҪ׹ȥʱһֱֻ۴ļϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷϴһɾ޴ѹٲˮݺݵĳԼ֮ϡ
ۣ
һѪ˳ѱٲĳΣҶ㼰ʱסͱٲǧ֮⡣
пܷǣ浽ǾʯһȥһҶ㣬˵ȫˡ
ȣ
Ҷһȣ֮Ϸ㱦⣬˲ˮĳٲ漱ٵȥ
濴ٲһ߶񣬵ȵʱ򣬲֪ٲжôĿ£мʮ׺ңĳ֪
һڿѪҶÿһγֵһЩطѺۡ
Ҷ½£󲿷Ҷˡ
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һŭ֮ͻȻ٣ǰٷȥѾһڵֻҪٲԼͰȫˡ
ûʱ˼ϵ˺Ҷ˫ŷˮ֮ϣͻȻǰһ䣬ǰһӲݣһڻҶǰ
ٲĳԽԽưô꣬ƺնɺڰһƬں֣ղŻҶǰȻֱôɼ
ٴ׹ҶɫҰףܳһƬꡣ
ѣγ֣ʧѪ󣬲ϵѪûʱָҶоһϮȫ
ֻһˣԼҶѺٲһ˳ѹ
Ľף֣
ĽͻȻ֣һĽն£ٲȻĽһնмһհ׵شԶĶڳױ©Ҷǰ
һҶ񣬳ٲһ̣Ҷ㻯Ϊһй⣬ֱʧԭأ붴֮С

˫أҶֱڵϴڵĴŴֽٺĸо


1013 
ҶһſڵϣڵĴŴоգڴٲ
վӣʶ鿴һףٲˮԽԽ󣬷ҵĺ¡
ڻԣҶֻϥ£ʼָ
ϴʣҩƳ˵ҩó
̷ö˵ҩԼٶȻָȻûлָȫʢʱڣǲˡ
һϵƣҶȣأһöҩܿתѡ
˫ۣһɻ֮ɫΪܵظ
Ҷʦ֣ǽ𣿡
ٲĶڣ洫¶˷֮ɫ

Ҷ˵ͷ
лҶʦֵľ֮лԺʦģ
Ҳɵӣղűٲߣֱӻ˹ȥȻܰȻĴ϶ҶԼ
лҶǵ֮ˣȫԲ˼ѾҵһˣͶһҶ㲻ðȡ
ˣʰһ£ȥ
Ҷ˻֣ں֪ʲô
ȼ˻֣˳Ŷһ롣
ȻǹŶʯ˹ɳģЩڻƺ˺ܶꡣ
ʯ࣬Ƕܶҹ飬Ҫ֣ҲܿУ
ǽıڻĶҪˣǹŶ֪˶꣬˭֪ûдı
ҪСģɴ⣬Ǿòô򵥣
ҶʶȻ޷̽ȥƺһƸˣʲôҶҲ֪
Ҷô˵ǰ·ԽԽܿ£ٲѾš
ͻȻǰһʯţסǵȥ·ǰ·ʯŶˣƺǹŶڡ
ûв´ⲻʲôŶһĹѨ
ʯţҶüͷ壬ⲻʲôĹѨ
һ㶣Ҷ˵϶ţĹѨûбˣ
Ǹô죿
Ҷ㣬Ҷ
֮֮СһУ
ܶ󣬶ԼԲһЩ˼ĵطһЩƣֹԺ˴
˺󣡡
Ҷ˺˭֪ʯźʲôȫҶԼȲ鿴һ
ֻ˵棬ʮվҶʯʯм֮ûлأҪ飬ܡ
Ҷ²鿴˹ͺͺʯڣڣѵһѨ
һյʱ䣬ҶͷʯŻһƣһǿķ֮˻
ѵؾʯ֮ϣ
ղҶƵʱ򣬷һɷ֣֮ʯйŹ֡
Ҷٴεݺݵĳʯ֮¡
䣡
ʯ˿һǿķ֮ҶֱƷɣ䵽ʮ׿⡣
ҶԿ϶ؾʯ֮ϣʯŵĳȻͻ򿪡
վߵʯǰҶ֮ɲֱ֣һӣһǿֱ֣Ӻʯ֮ϡ
ģ
ѣܱòҡΣɽ嶼Ҫĸо
ȻЧ
Ҷ㿴ʯųһ϶ǲ
ǵѪĨɾҶʯ߹ȥһεԪɽХվԶѾ˵
ʦֺÿֲ
˵һ̣ҶȭͷݺݵĻʯ֮ϣһɵĹγˣٴκݺݵĳ
飡
ҶֱӱɣһڿѪĸԶֱſڵϡ
Ҷʦ֣㿴
ͻȻҶѵվʯŵķ϶ԽԽѾĴָϸ
ƽϢһ·ӿҶʯǰﱼϢӿµˣɽŵ˺ü
ҿ
ȭ绯Ϊһͷ֮һͷײʯ֮ϣһǿķ֣֮Ҷٴαɳȥ
ǡ
ʯͻȻǵڴﵽܺͣʯԼ򿪡
ҶȥǵѪվԭأûпǰ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
գۼĹʯһ˸ҵʱͻ䣬һɿɲƴɢ
ߣ
Ҷ㷴Ӧʱٵȥϧһһ޴סȥ·
ޣô£
ҶһסԼľȻһֻޡ
ͷһӴСɢ֮ȫðĻ棬롣
Сӣһ޵ıԪ꣬ʧҪǿһ򱶣ƾƣͽѹ⽴
Ľ׳ˣǼʶ룬ǰ룬ֻһӰ뱾Ԫ䡣
Ҷ㻹ǿЦһһԪ꣬ѹƵҶ㶼סԼȥ·ҶҪ߶ܡ
ɷ˵һɨҶֱ£Ҫɱ
ն
ֳɱ¾֮ݺݵĳն£һһޣɽ֮дҺʮֿտҲҶʩչ
СӣҪСĵ㰡Ҫ˺ܽıԪұ֤ԪͻƵڣԺľĪĺô
ĽҶ㽫Ԫ飬͵òʧˣһö޵Ԫ꣬ǷǳɲģҶԪͻһ硣
ҶֻܿЦܲܽһ⣬̸ȻǰΣ˵ɡ
żƺ˼꣬һЩɥʧģȵԪֲ֧סʱڽշʱ佫֮
Ľ׿ǾϵڸҶ㣬ڸɺġ
ֻˣֻּܼʮٲͣҾͻᱻһˡ
Ҷұܣٶ̫ˣǵ磬ռޣҶܶܵĵط֮١
üζ㱻һ
ŵһƨڵϣԶԶĿһӴ׷ҶܣԼȴ岻֡
ʮȥˣҶ۵ȥ϶ᱻѹ⽴
ϰף취ȥҾҪˣѾҲڻص磡
ҶҪƿڴˣȻʵǿ󣬵룬ֻܱѹķݣԷԪ̫ǿҶʵױѹסˡ
ʵڼֲסֻǿнսħֱһ
Ľ״εǸճ룬Ҳɢɼһͷ룬Ȼʵ֮һҲ˼ҵҶ֧ʮʱ䣬Ѿǳҡ
ҪûʶȫڣҶһغϣͻᱻѹ
ãһƴһѣ
Ҷ޿ɱܣѪսһЩطˣϵۻմһЩѪս洫һЩ⵽ƻ

ҶһѣǶֱӼħֱӸ˽ȥ
ħѹ
뱻սȥ֮УҶȴը˹µʼ޼ɵ˺Ҷ

Ҷ㷢ȻûԼʶǱܻڣ֪ҶҪھħ֮пʼڣֱ֣֮ӴݻҶı塣


1014 ͫȱ
Ҷֱ͸⵽ҵĳǻյһȫͨһƬ

Ҷ㷢һֻԼѱ濾ˡ
ħһ˿˿Ѻۣħ飬Ҷľֱӻ䣬ӰҶ㵽һߵĵز
һ˿˿뵽Ԫ֮УҶԪ֮ͻԪ񾳽硣
ﵽڣԪͣسڣھǿ۷塣
ҶҪģԪĵȼȲżǿˣԪҲˡ
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һУ˿˿ļɢҪΪҽ̫ǿˡ
һҶҪ֮ǰԪ᳹׻ҶҪֻ취
һǽ񣬵ڶǶҶ㶼ѡΨһİ취ǽԪ
ЩĻ뵽Ԫ֮УҶĻڻ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷüһ£źܾõ֮۾Ȼжˡ
ʱôжˣ
֮ѵҲҪңҶĲ֪Ӧˡ
֮ûҶѾڱıԵֵѷԽԽ࣬ȥ綼ᱻ֮Ϊҽ
üƵԽԽ죬ҶҲģòճ֮ͨɫ
Ҫڴ𣿡
ҶЦһϱŤˣҵʹ࣬Ҫһ־֧Ҷ㡣

Ȼ䣬üĳһǿȻ󲿷Ԫ˽ȥҶѹȻ½
Բۣ֮۾ȻҲԪ꣡
ҶһϴһöۻݾͱˣԪ궼Ź
ҲãûҶΣԪһ룬ҶѹʧˣʼȫʣԪꡣ
һԪ֮֮ٴγȥҶûʱȥ鿴Ԫ֮ڵԪ꣬ԼĻ
գۼĹҶԪس۷壬ڼ
ֹͣ˱һ㿪ʼϣڴڵĵҩ̷ȥһЩѺ۵õ޸ҪǰҪǿ
֮󣬸ǼͣԼͻغڵļ
ˣ
ҶԪ񷢳ͻֻһ֮ң
ħָ̬ѺҲõ޸ȫһЩлꡣ
ͻưɣ
Ԫ̬Ҷ㱾һֻС棬ֳԪӤſһл궼˽ȥ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶϢ˷츲صı仯ԪͻƵأ൱
Ҷ²⣬֮һ룬Щл꣬ԽҶԪغ۷塣
һҶ˳ͻƣøлۣ֮ʱһĲлҶѱΪҽ
ڲû£ԪͻˣҶ¶ϲɫ֮ѾԼºüΡ
ȹ̾磬Ԫͣ۷岻ҶҲ˫ֽۣٺĸо
ף֮б仯
Ҷʶʶ֮ɢĽ⣬һЩɫֳˣֱûҶԪ֮С
Ľɫ֣Ҷһʱˣֻԭأ
һʱȥˣҶǻһߣͻȻһâȥ
ͫȱ֮۾Ȼڸһ׾񹥻ͫ
Ҷ˷ܵľҪ֮л֮󣬾һЩһطۣ֮ͫöԷݵʧҲ֮Ϊ񹥻
úúãø
ղҶ֮£ת֮䣬ҶԪֶһͫôܲġ
ĬĬɽһʱȵҶֵʱ򣬲Ŵӽŵ֮лָ
Ҷʦ֣û
ղſ׷Ҷ㣬ΪҶɣɽ棬ûҽȥڿҶ֣һ˷֮ɫ
û£ȥɣ
һʵҶ㻹ҪлԪͫˡ
ȻûͻƣҶʵֹһֻҪأҶԱ
ѾвԼˡ
˳ԭ·ֻصʯŵķһûпµϢɢС˽ȥ
Ҷ²ûȻһʯ棬һ޴Բν
ڽ룬ڷһټĹײһĶӦĹѨˡ
ڹײϷһ̨̨ڷһ¯¯࣬ڷżö򣬲֪¼ʲô
һۣ¶Ц֮ɫԭΪдû뵽ֻһĹѨ
ҶνԼѾջ񣬵һĿɬ
ûģﲻǻмöҲ¼һЩõĶ
ĵӣҶ㳯̨ȥ
Сӣ¯ҪȡˣҸо򵥣ȻѾԳɿռ䣬ӦӽĴڡ
Ľ׸Ҷ㴫飬кǿĸӦ
ҶղŽʱҲӦˣ𶦾Բ򵥡
ˣղԪ꣬Ӧ¯飬ʱ̫ãһʧȥǣ¯ΪʯŽƣ޷ʯţֱӳ˳
Ľ״ЦͲѽˣл꣬ԭ¯顣
Ϊ飬˻Ĳ򵥡
Ľ׷֮̾ܽ룬һ
ҶûóȻǰ⻹ʲôƣܼһ顣
ÿһ䣬˹̨֮⣬ûʲôΣգҶ㽫мĹײϡ
ϹʱڵĹľ࣬Ҳ˵Ѿȥ˼ˡ
ҶԼţĹѨȻ˶¡
Ϲʱڣ޺Уڣ˽޵Ӱˣ嶼ʧˡ
ʦܣȽ涫ȡˣһ鿴ľ㿴ɺã
ˣҶҲҪһ
Ҷʦ֣
Ҳûʲô뷨ˣûˣֻܼЩô
Ҷ̨Ե̽ʶֹ̨ûнֹػһöʶ룬һ似
Ϲս
Ҷ㷢һһö¼һ׽һϹս
ڶöҶʶٴ͸ȥȫٴһƺļ¼𾪡
һöҶһöö鿴ÿһϵı鶼һʱ˷ܣʱ̾
Ҷ¶˷֮ɫҲʼ¼˺ܶǿĶȻҶʦֲ˸ˡ
öȫȡҶ㽫¯Ҳһ
ʦ֣ջΣ
ЩȲˣҶ㽫˻ʵ
ȳȥʱ˵ǿľʲô
ҶҲ̣ܶҪֱ̣ɱˣûô
Ҳ⣬Ȼ֪ԼĿǰĴҶ㲻ɱѾǳĸˣﻹ˼
ݣɱ˶ᱦ֮ͬ䣬Ҳݡ
һ¹ľ˿Ϸ죬ûз϶Ҳ֪ôġ
ʦ֣
ƺʲôҶȥ


1015 Ϣ
ʦ֣
ƺʲôһҶϽ
Ҷವһߣ˳ָȥڹľ棬ȻðһСҶľʼѿˡ
ô
Ҷһ¶˼֮ɫײģϹʱڵĹľ죬Ѿ˰ʱ䣬ܴ·ѿ
ȻֻƬҶһĹѨԵø롣
ľһʲôȻ˰꣬ľҲÿˡ
ҶҶ϶Ϲ֮ľޱȼ̣ǾģҲϾ
ֻһֿܣľʲôһֱľһֱûڷһƬҶ
ʼ˷ôĹľ϶װĲֹһʬ壬װʮҲ´ࡣ
˳ŷ϶ܲܽ򿪣
ó˳ŷ϶һ㽫ľ˿
һó׼õ˹óذף˳ŷ϶һͳһ˹֧ŵ㡣
װҶЦһ׼׼Լ̽ĹѨ
˹֧֣϶ԽԽ󣬹ľʼɶȻЧ
ϹŹľޱȼͣˣɱ¾֮նȥҲֻһӡֻ˳ϸ죬֮˿
֨֨֨
϶Ħľķǳ£˿Ϸ죬ǿ޷͸ȥ
ʦ֣æľ̫ˣ
۵ͷ󺹣ľҪȸҪ¼ûб򿪹ѾһҪ򿪣ƾһ˸С
ҶҲ˹ֳ˹һѹľĸӾңղŻϸ죬ܿѷ졣
һŨӹľɢҶоˬղ˲ʧ
ǡǴϢ
ĽŵǴϢϢô˽硣
ⲻܣܣϢֻУɽ綼֣˽ôĶ
ĽײţţôִܻϢֺĶ
ȱС֣Ϣʲô
ҶһĽף˼ѾģʹС֣Լ
СӣһٵذɣϢǻ֮ÿһ֮أһѣݱһ½˵Ϣʲô
ϢֻлʱڲŻ֣ڸҲˣ绹һЩƹһЩϹͨ˸Ӵ
Ľ׼˵״ΣҶˣϢسʱһʡ
ֻҪһѣݱһأһ½˵Ҳ֡
˵˵Ϣʲôá
ҶŲܲݻһ½ԼûãݱһҲǷ
ѾĲ֪Ҳ㣬Ϣֱ磬Ҳ˷
Ľױһ䣬һΨҶӡ
Ѿ˵˵˵͸ұ죡
Ҷ㱻ŭˣɫȻװˡ
Ϣ溬һ˿֮ջ֮ܲԶŵĪ⣬¼һҲ벻ЧĵزķϢ˵񣬾ɳҲ޿ܣ
ĽĭӺɣҶһ顣
ҶҲˣǴϢһԼǷˣƾϢϱ綼ʮϡ٣֪˽ˡ
ҲҪ˵̫磬Ϣʧ꣬ҲҲ̫࣬мͲˡ
Ľ״ŴҪĴдĴϢƾɽ壬ܲסݣҲ޷ӴĴϢ
һѴϢݱһ½ҲݻһǳأĽײ²⣬ֻмϢҲǻʱڣ䵽ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷһҲ㹻Լʹõˡ
ףԣǴϢϢûΪ滹컯֮档
ѷԽԽĽ׾ͲҶˣľ澹ȻкüϢϹԶʱڲŻֵĶ
컯֮Ҷ֪һЩԶʱڣû컯֮ÿһƣж֮컯ܡ
컯֮ԽԽϡԪݱٶҲԽԽ
Ҫ컯֮ʧкܴĹϵ
ϴҶʥأõ죬ǿ٣ûȫҲϹʱһ壬Ҫ컯֮Ҫϡ
ȻдϢ컯֮Ҳϡ棬ศɣֻԭʼĻ֮컯֮
һĽû̫ľ֮ɫ컯֮Ȼϡ棬ɽ磬ײ壬Ϊ档
˭ĹѨôдϢֶ
Ҷ㿪ʼ˼ӵдϢˣһˣҲ˽Ĵڡ
ҿͲһĹѨˣѾˣֻЩ
ҶһΪԼû뵽
ⲻ߼ķɽ磬ЩΪβһߣղ㲻˵Ϣ綼ʮϡȱ𣿡
ľһһҶ˸жϡ
˸㣬ɽ磬κζ޷ȥ˱Ԫ֮⣬ֻҪһɽ磬ͻᱻɽ編ѹط硣
Ľ׽͵
ԭˣ
һҶҲʼó˳̵ָ֮ԼٴͻƵףӴ
𣡡
˷һŭѷԽԽмߣɢ컯֮ԽԽŨ
Ҷ˫֮ϣһɲ֮ɢ
׸ǵķ϶ԽԽ¶컯֮ӽʵʣ˶ǳʹĺ˷ѵ
˹óѾҪˣֻҪ˺׸̧Ϳԡ
һ˿һͷҶǰͷƺСͷһ˫۹һʹ
𣡡
ƾ׸ǣмʮ˼ԪŽ׸̧ҲֱƿһŲ
ɽ磡
һͻȻ߳һӰͻȻס塣
ĶȻ˷ˡ
˵һĿӣϢɽƺܴ͸翴
ϧɽ磬һεϣҪ·ҪҪϡ
Ųһ׿ҵʱ򣬲ֹͣ۵Ǻܿ챻ȫָ컯֮棬˲ٴξ
Ҷʦ֣ʲô壬ΪҸоҵľɶˣϾҪͻơ
۵˵ϣŵ֮󣬻ָļ죬Ҿ绹ɶ
컯֮
Ҷû˵ҲûıҪ
Ϣ˼ʮʱ䣬һӵվľ濴ȥ󲻿˼һĻˡ
һۣ޷ǰľôܡ
Ҷʦ֣ô
ŹľһԼ廹̲סʼ
ҶҲһ˫۷Ź⣬Źľþòƽ


1016 ֱ
ΧŹľ˫ɢ⣬ľڷŵĶ˷ܶҪ
Ȫ֮ˮ컯ɹϢһľ
ŹľĶĽ˷ܵЩɽ磬ѵһ
˴ϢɽȽټ֮⣬ļҲǺϡ棬ֻ֮ⷲУ֣ܳǾͷǳϡˡ
ľûʬ壬Ǳ˺üм䲿λһһ߸ҵСöӣĽ˵컯ɹ
벿Ϣһɺ֣֮ÿһ۴Сɢĺ֮ҶֱӴ
ҿöϢƾڵҲ޷ȡ
°벿һȪ֮ˮ˵ˮֻоӲŻ֣ϴǦðλȪˮ̥ǣгʡ
ȪۣȪˮͻ߾磬һ˵ȪʧˣҲûҵȪˮټ
һڹľͷɢŨ֮ѹľܷѿƸŽľͷкܴĹϵ
ûв´ľͷӦǻһ֦ɡ
Ľ׵Ҷ꺣
ʲôǻ
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵
磬Ϊ˽磬ħ磬ɽ磬磬С粻ҾͲһһڻʱڣһҲᴩ磬һ˽磬ħ磬ɽ硣
Ľ׻һᣬǻĴ˵
ڻ𣿡
Ҷƺû˵˽ҲûصϢ
Ϲ֮ǰ籬һս˲񷣬£ħܹǰħ໥ǢǴħս֮󣬻ʧȥΪӣ׷ֿħҲӴˡ
Щʷأ޴ӿȻ϶ĵ
ն֮ɢؼ䣬ɽ磬˽磬ħ磬ӰӣʧȥҲ𽥿ݽߣֻһЩָ֮С
Ľ˵һҶϹõʱ䣬ʱĽ׶Σϧս˸سֱ仯컯֮ʧ
Ҷʦ֡Ҷʦ֡
ͱͱҶ㣬Ҷһ񣬲֪Щʲô
ȿȣղЩ飬Щʧˡ
Ҷֹͣ˸Ľ׽̸Щ̫ԶҶȥĵ飬ҪľǸϽʵԱ֮
ʦܣǻȪ֮ˮһξͿ԰ӵгɵʣ컯ɹ
Щʶ˵ĽףҶ㶼ʶ
Ҷʦ֣˵õĶֻҪһɣʣµһŲȡ
ʶʱ񣬼ԼһɣһɣҲ㹻ˣοղҶ˵ˣֻҪһΣӵгɵʣһҲһң㹻ˡ
ãȽʰˣʱû£Ǿһڻȥ
˵꣬˿ʼ㣬ҶҳһöƿȪˮֳ֣һƿһң컯ɹûżժȡ컹м죬һڻ֦ɣҶûиԼ
ϢҲ޷ȡҶ˾ţ֮ŽϢսָ档
ҵһɾĵطľѾϣϥ£Ҷ㽫ö˳
ʦܣö似һһһ׹Լѡһ£
Ҷóö򣬷ϢԼղŶ¼ˣһҶ㶼ν
Щ֪룬Ǿʴӣ֪ѡʲô
Ҷʦ֣ʦʦָ㣡
ֻ֪һΣ˽УһҶ
Ҷ˵ͷ˶ıʱûʧԣ㴿һˣȻҶǿʵ˵ʲô϶Ҷһռ˶Դ
ûУȫǳѰҶΪĻᡣ
ѡһɼһɼ似ɣศɣ°빦
Ҷ㶪ö
뷨ԼܻһöͲˣҶ㾹Ȼóö
һʱ䣬涫ȫס
Ȼˣһ֮Ҷ㻹ջء
˵һʱ㹻Щ
ллҶʦ֣
ͲҪ¹ˣ˷ܵö籦
ˣץʱûȪ֮ˮϴϵǦ
Ҷ㵽һȪˮ˹˵̷ȥһӴľըϴȫÿһë
ЧҶ㣬ҲóһȪˮ׼̷ȥ
𡣡
ҶԼ̷һ룬ǿҪҲ̷һ룬ֱӾͻᱻȪˮű塣
Ҷɱһ۵֪ԼˣֻóһС׵ĻȪˮ̷ȥ
Ǻܿ죬ʹڵϺȫһѿƾһ׾ʹ࣬һ붼̷ȥֻһˡ
񣬰չ
ղҶöһöǺȻһöļ
ɼҶûж񼶹ļһײĽɼ似ڿָ֮ϡ
һ似Ҷûó̷Ȫˮ֮󣬲ŽⱾ似óֻǼ¼һнųɱһ
ɱһƺڰν֮ϣǧһʩչһС
һУҪɱ߶ûɱ¾֮ģ޷˽⵽ⷴɡ
׽ΪԼ죬ɱ¾֮ɱһẦ
Ҷ㽫ɱһϢ¼ֻһУȫ񣬳ֱɱˣܻɱֱ֣ߡ
ģ˺ü飬ҶһǷ֮ɫȻһż޷۳ֺ˵ɱơ
ʩչһУҪŭɱ¾֮ģȻ޷ʩչ
Ҷ²⣬˿ԼûɱʩչҲкܴĹϵ
ɱһҶ㿴öһöҶȱ֮ӵˣǻơ
Ҳ˵ҶԽɱƵĵزϧڲϻ
һöҶ󷨲ǾֻͨԶһЩôԺԲóǿ󷨳
һȪˮܿʧһɶҶоԼӯ˺ܶ࣬ǰصİȫʧ
ȫÿһ鼡⣬ɢӨ͸ı⣬ǰЩӲ˻ȪˮԽԽرǼǳϸ壬һЩŮ˼ҪĽˡ

ҶóһȪˮ̷ȥԼûеõ졣
ѾѹҶ̷һȥ֮УǺȻֻһСףͲҪԼҶ㾹Ȼһһ̷
Ҷʦֺǿ
ľ׷ûȪˮǵһļȥˡ
һһ룬ҶѾ̷ȪˮˣԽԽǿȻûдﵽغڣǿȣԿҡ


1017 
ˣˣұԲϾԺҲõ
Ҷĵ˵ͷԼʮ⡣
̷ֹͣȪˮҶվȫžһɿµƴҶɢԶŵһǺ
Բۣ
ŵɫҰףҶûκϢƾѹƵԼ޷̧ͷ
Ҷһȭͷֱӱ򱬣⻹ǲԪ
Ʒ硭ٺ٣
Ҷ¶ЦݣڵƾһȭҶܽƷغڸ򱬡
Сӣ컯ɹҪˣ
Ľһֱע컯ɹĽչȥ컯ɹҪˡ
ҶһΣڹľǰ컯֮ɢŨҲ˹
Ҷʦ֣컯ɹǲҪˣ
æʵ
ûҪˣժ
ҶóƿöժСÿһöӣ޼֮
ʧһ߶ߵСήȥʧȥ˾
ϧˣŲͺˣԺڼ壬Ҫܽ컯ɹҶҺγܳΪݵһҡ
ſή컯Ҷһϧ
СӣԽڻһľҲгɻĻᡣ
ľܷ֮ѿкܴĹϵǻľ˹ľ
ôû뵽
ſή컯Ҷֱӽ˳ӽָɷһ
һУľտҲҲûκα
һö컯ɹͻһ磬ûκθãҶ㾳һֱڣڿԷˡ
ʦܣʣһö컯ɹ϶ű壬һһὫ컯ɹгʮݣһݾ㹻ͻơ
Ҷóһö컯ɹõгһݣҴ⣬⾫ʧ̷ȥһɿ񱩵ƴɢ
䣡
գۼĹͻƵ۷壬ûֹͣ˼
ҶҲͣʣµ컯ɹ̷ȥһöӣֻһС飬һɻҶը
õľڳɶӭ
䣡
ըһ㣬Ҷľ˲ͻƣغڣڲϵһֱͣغ۷Żֹͣ
һʱʱ䣬Ҷ㽫糹ȹûм̷ö컯ɹΪҶŻá
һöŮƳɵҩ㹻ͻƵأãһöҶס
ڸ֮Ծٲά裬ʵҲкܴĹϵ޷ãǿ󣬸Ȼ٣һССǧɽڸ׵ǰ޼ɵ
̷ȥʵǱƳɵҩЧҪϺܶ࣬ϧҶȲˡ
ȻȥʱƳɵҩõգŮĸףҶ㶼ҪΪ硣
һö컯ɹֱӽҶһС磬ȻͻƵس۷壬Լ벻
Ҷʦ֣ҾȻأ
˷ܵĺû뵽ԼҲ̤صһ졣
ø˵̫磬Ҳո𲽣ʲôʱܴﵽ洫ӵĵزнʱ
ҶŴ
Ҷʦ֣ܽΣģû㣬ûĽ졣
ȻҶ㣬ȴԼҶĲԽԽҪȽ֮ǰ˺ü
Ҷ˵ͷûнǵԼ飬ҲǶ֪ͼ֮ˡ
ǴҲа˰ɣ
Ҷһ䡣
ð¡
飬˷֮ɫһȥ
ãȥ似Ҫһ
Ҷ˵һ䣬Щ֪
ã϶ȥ
ʮʶȤϽ뿪ĹѨҶ̫࣬Ȼ֪Ȼĵ
뿪Ľ˳Ҷļϡ
Сӣ̫ˣΪβֱˣЩԴԼġ
ĽһĶΪҶӦɱȡеԴ
ģ²Υһֱ׷ľ磬ΪĿģֶΣǸк
ҶӵĿһĽף¿Υ²ΥɱҶȻȡжҶҲʧȥ˱ģʧ˵ķ
ĹѨ֮еĶԼõ˾ųϣ㣬Ǿ̰ᡣԼжǧ֣ôܻ񵤡
Ľ׳˼ˣģĸһشݺݵĻΨģߵĸԶ
˻Ҳһʬ⣡
ˣҪһϢ뵽֮Уһ
Ҷ㽫˳Ѿ۷壬ľһֱҶߣҶͻƣͻͻơ
ҶҪϢ뵽棬һ磬ӵ˴ϢǱΪ
ֱ̫ݳˣôϢԼʵ治֪ôġ
Ľ׳ˣΪҶôϢԼ磬ֱͻƵء
ұЩͻƵ̫ˣҪһ£˼ͻƣȹʱ䣬Ϣ
Ҷγ֪ͻư£ԪҲͻư£ͻƣҶ㲻Ҫһʱ䡣
ĽٴγţƺԼ֮ˣϣҶϽɳܵĺԽߣĿҲԽȻ֪̫еҪصĹϵɡ
񾲾վһԣµ־ɢϴεõ˴޾Ѫڽָ
һö۴СĴϢҶ˳ֱ뵽֮Уſʼ
ԼһҲ档
һɺ֮ɢƺܲסϢ񶼿ʼ

ҶӡҶǹһ
صӡˣ¼Ҷַ񣬽һα
Ҷ㶼д㣬ɱΪһ壬
ǺõģҪʵʩȴޱȼѣα˽綼ûҶѵҪս
֪һĻû˻š
ʱһȥڴžڼɼʵνһǧļҲ˳ΣƷƶһɱ
ĹѨ֮УѾȹٱѣϵĴ죬Ϣ֮ͻƵؾһɸӿµ־ˡ
ͻȻһǺ㱻־飬ֱ˵ϡ
ʲôΪ˿ֲ
ž֮ɫŵ£ʱ䣬ȫҶ۷
ǰһζҶѾһʱˣľҲ׵Ĺ̡
õ˴Ϣľ֮ϣɢһɫϢҲС˺ܶ࣬Եòôߴ󣬵Ƹӳȡ
һغڣ¶Ķ֣ҽƳαʱ򣬿»ڿֲһ򱶡
Ҷʮڴɱ뵽һ𣬱αһ졣


1018 
ҶվӣѾһˣø׵ģѾûбҪ
ʵʮƷҲԼĶ֣ضԼЩв⣬û˿вԼ
ƾҲҪ޵
ɱһأԪͻڣһмһɱأԲ̫
һص¯Ӧý붦ϧ飬ǰǹ϶һİǿ౶
ڣʱر󣬸ʵûʵֻ衣
Ҷʦ֣ˣ
Ҷ֣ϢһɽԼѹȹž֮ɫ
ûϢƾļ£ҶڱԪܴؾ
ܾˣǸûȥˣ
ʵҲþٲĳһٲص½֮ϣȴﾹȻˡ
ʦ㣬ܣӦþٲĺ档
ٲ棬վһŮűµٲһ˵
ûڵȷٲ档
˷׷׸ͣǻһʱӰͻȻٲ˳
ͻȻ󾪣ô˴ٲ֡
ҶҲû뵽Ҫ£ٲ滹վһŮһ䣬ٲһľʯϣߡ
һۣƺʶʲô
ʲôˣΪδٲ
˲ɷ˵ֱסҶȥ·ǳ⡣
Ҷʶһɨ˷ֱȨԺķΣأ˶غ۷塣
˭ƨϵ
˵֪ҶĿֲȻὫЩ˷
ǲΪҶ㲻۷壬ȨԺһץһѣسڣҲֱӸˡ
Ҳ֪ٲӵйŶˡ
һӴŭȻ˵Ƿƨ
ҶһۣĹѨˣԲֹ̻һöȥкööһֻҶȵˡ
ܶܣǰһЩϣԼĶܱ˷֣̳Լ²
ģģֻԵ˲ܵõĹѨˣҲôģ̻˲ö⡣
֪Σ֪Σ
Ҷ㻹û˵ǺܺãЩ˺Ȼ⣬һŶһҶ㡣
֪ôȻˣǾɱǣȻ֪ˡ
˰Ͳס׼֣Ϊǿ˷
ȨԺĵӣ
Ҷ˵ˣ䣬ȨԺûʲôøУ̤ݵһ̣͸ȨԺŴγֳͻ
Сӣе۹⣬ǵȷȨԺӣڹԹԵĹǵǰһ
վǰֺһһ֮ɫҲȷʵҶ˵ľ磬ƲҲ
һɱҶɢЩ˲ɱĲˡ
ɱһɱһҶĹѨ֮Уһֱɱһţһ˿⡣
ϧɱǲ޷۳ɱһҪ޾ɱܻ۳ɽ
˵أ
һ˵Ҷ㣬ûκϢһ˿Ԫ޷й¶õ˻ȪˮϴӣҶûһ˿ʡ
Ǿ
ҶܾվǰһȭҶ׼һȭҪ˽ҶϾغ۷壬Ҫ˱ܡ
ߣ
Ҷһߣ徹ȻܿƣڿһǺô˳֣һӳļ
ⰻȻ
һɺ֣ȨԺһֱܲӱһԴ
һз̫죬Ҫ˵˼άҪ죬˭֪ͻȻʧȥڿԼ䣬ץ˻ᡣ
ʣɫ䣬û뵽ʦһоͱɱˣôܣǶûпΪεʦͻȻӿ¡
Ȼ֪ȨԺӣΪҪ֣ѵ֪ȨԺ·һ
һվ˳ϢؾѪҽÿһܿռŤ
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮
Ҷ˿⣬һɱ괢ָ˹
ϳ˻Ȫˮ컯ɹϢ֮⣬Ҷ㻹ûжԴЩǱʱܶá
㡭
Ҷ㵱˵棬ָߣֱǳĴ
ʱ䣬ҵãϽ뿪
Ҷ㲻ɱԷʶȤҶ㲻ɱˣɱ˶ᱦȻҶ㻹ûе׼ĵز
ЦɱȨԺӣڻ뿪ЦСӣʲô֣һ֪ֶΡ
ױҶ㼤ŭµɱɢ
ǲ֪
Ҷ¶һ˿âԷȻٳٲϰݣҶҲǺ۸֮ˣѾˡ
ǵһҸô˵ˣˣ
һ䣬صɢʮֱֲֿӱƷɳȥ
ͻȻϮҶȻվԭأϺޱ飬ԶȨԺ˶ˡ
ֻŮһƺʶʲôԡ
Сӣˣ
һצҶ㲱ץ£ĺ־ɱС
𣿡
Ҷ磬ƣֱƿԷѹƣ·ֱ֮ץ
ôܣƱԷƵˡ
Զɫ䣬˲䱻߽⣬ûУ޷⣬Ҷ㵽ΪֹûʩչԪ
ǺȻһƣȻ֪Է߳Լ̫࣬ȻɾƵԼĹ
ҪܣȴҶƳԼץҪٶȿٱ
ɣ
һǿѹ֣岻ܿƣֱӴյ䣬Ҷ¡
һֱҶǰһסĲӣһжڵʯ֮䷢
˵ʵֻһʱ䣬ȵԶ˷ӦҶѾĲϡ
ǡ
Ҷ΢΢屻˫ʹ͵ţȴȫʹһ˿ԼԪˡ
ʦ֣
ԶѸһ׼ضҶһ£˲ٲ׾׼һ֡

ҶϷŰ֮ɫˡ
ղǺŹǡ
һ仰ƿԣѶҶ˱ɱ֮ģ˭֪ߵϡ
ҸղŸˣԼ֪ϧ
Ҷҡҡͷղ뿪ԼҪԹҶ㡣
Ϸʦ֣뿪ٴµ⣡
˵ŮҲؾϢ񣬲֮¡
ڵûһ˿֮߰ҶһãȥҲⲻˡ
ˣ
Ҷʮ䣬ֻһΣͻȻ˫ŭӶҪ͹һȻ֮ɫ
ҪɱңҪɱңˣֻҪܷŹңҸţС
ﻹʲôȣͲҶ¹ˡ


1019 ǹ
ģҶһģأȻһų
ҶͻȻ˲ٲ׾׷׳Ҷ֣׼£Ů֣ҲлɱҶ㡣
Ҷ֮Ŵ򿪣֪ܲǵǵС˼ܸǻᡣ
֣ҶȻ£ǶЩ鷳ֱӾǵ롣
꣡
һԴֱӸ˾ħ֮УҶֱӽȫ
ħֱգգۼĹΪһȫ򶼱ᴿһҶ뼺
ЩطҶܴ󣬺ܿ췢֮Уøʵ
˺ڣԽ࣬ʵȻҲԽǿͿ˭ĸࡣ
˳ֵʱҲˣļʩչļ仯ˣǲ
Ҷɱɫ䣬һɹɻҶѹ£Ҫһ

Ҷһһȭֱֱĺȥû̫Ļڣֻһȭ
䣡
ܵĿռֱӱ򴩣⵽˽һȻҶչֳֶ𺳡
ˣ
ŮһȥҶҪ˵أҶ̫ˣƾһȭɱˡ
˵ķǳ죬Ҷ㶼û뵽ȻһУߡ
붦ѹ
Ҷһӣ붦ˣϢ£Ҷ㽫붦һΪûĹϵǳ򵥡
붦ɵУͻȻһ޴¯ֱӽ¡
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泾붦ΪһзӴС¯εС
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˹붦֮ϣһƵ붦ˡ
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ͣѵҶ¶аЦ˫ӡһ˿˿ֱ֣Ӵ붦֮С
ܿ죬ƵѵʧˣҶһУ붦СصԼС
֮ϣ˿°ĭһֱȥˡ
ŮܺЩϾʲôؾǱ붦ѹһ飬ȫѣʹһ˿
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ڵϣ¶һ˿ɫûҶ֣Լȥ
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ҶһԸˣøӺ˲ңҲ˵Ը
Ѫ䣬ӲʵȥҶ㾲Ŀţûκݣ㲻ɱˣ˾ͻɱ㣬ʵĿ϶
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ǸŮһĽһâˣĻ꺣ֱ֮ӷߡ
䣡
ըˣ·ѣϵѪ

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ŮˣҲû屻ըˣԪˣˣô˻ᣬԪϣԭء
Ҷʦ֣ˡ
Щ˼ȻߣԺ϶һˡ
޷ʶȤϣԺҪңҪٲۣɱһΡ
Ҷ˰֣ս黹̫٣ûзԷôһ֡
ϵĶҶʦɣ
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ǻһŶ˽ȵˣҶȫߡ
һʮˣʬ壬һķߺ֮ɫ
һʱ䣬ҶŷŻٶȣѾԶƬҲһ·Ҷһˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㽫˵Ĵָһ飬ǶЦˣ˯ͷ
ȨԺԺ֮ŮϵĲƸֱˡ
ԴһҲûŮϵԴࡣ
ҺǧԪԪڼ㣬ϣҩʤдʯ
һЩûõĲ϶ĽˣʯȻȥʱιСףȫҶȥɱ
ҺҶԼ£óһǧԪԪȥú
ʱһ£ҶٴλصƼңһûʲôܻ䣬ᴩƼңϢǿ󣬲˶ܵˡ
صײ壬ˣرǿţٴȴϵһֱֻۡ
صϢɫȻһü磬ֱ˼顣
һǹŶ淢ʲôĵر
˲²⣬û˸׵Ĵע⣬˼ҵڵľ磬ȫԳΪӵӡ
Ҷصɲ壬ִ򿪽ƣֱ߽֮С
ҶС˷ܵʱչأȻҲͻˣ˵øлĽףûĽ׵ָ㣬Сײܽô졣
ʯȥȥɣ
ҶӳһöָСԼȥͻأСϢǺȹ̡
һɽ֮ϣһӷȥ
Ʒʦ֣ǸǸСӻˣ
ƿţ˽ȥܿ죬ƷԼĶ˳
СӣȻȥһµʱ䣬ҾҵǰҵĽֺͷ
Ȼʱһ£Ʒĺûһ˿ʢΪҲ֪ˣҶ㼫пܸһŵȥ̽ʲôŶȥˡ
ߣȥСӣ
Ʒһ֣ܿ˻۹һɫӵӡ
һ˺ƺƵҶڵȥӴƶʱ˲˵ע⣬ɽ嶼Ӧˣʶ
һЩڱչصӵӣ֮ܵ󣬷׷ƿƣվɽ֮ϣң
кϷˣ
һ°ֻͣı顣
һЩЩҲ׷ԽգƷ˼ٵĳҶ㶴̶˲书Ƽһϵ˶֪ˡ
ͻȻһʶɲȥɫ¶ŭ⣬Ϊôȥֹֻܽʶ֮ϡ
Ҷ㣬ҹ
ƷһˣҶ㶴ǰĿյϣһȣܵ涼Ѻۣɽʯ䡣
蹷ǰСУ
Ҷ첻ƮƼϿգȻƷǹ
ɶ㾹ȻǹϽҹб¾ͱͷڹ꣡
ƷŭҶһֱڶ棬ûа취ض޷ƿҶԼ߳
ǲǹΪҪǰСС
Ҷ㶴ĽһʧҶӰҲ˵ǰһЦ⣬Ц棬̫Ķ


1020 ַ
ӭչѪս죬Ҷ¶޺Цݣ˶һ㶣ҶΪš
һȺ蹷ܵǰСУ治֪Ǽҵôܽǵġ
Ҷ㵯˵ָƷһһĹ
Ҷ㣬ҳɹŭˣһᵱ˵棬׷ϵΪӴԺһŹԶĹҵǰҳ
ƷɫĿ£ƤӣҶԶˣ仰
Զɽϣ££޽ǵ㷢Ŷ
ǲϣôƷŶҪͣ
¶ɰСŮ˵ģһ棬ߵѩһ䡣
㣬˵Ҷ𣿡
ѩЩģҶӡǺܻҶûƹ˭
Сʲôʱˣǲϲ˼ˣ
˹ŵĻЦ
㣬㻵ˣ
ȡЦѩĸƻƵãֻʣ˭֪˵ǲƣʮΡ
гӣƷӦΣˡ
ܿЦ⣬һĨЦ
ôǿһ°۷Ʒ硣
ѩЩţǵð֮ǰҶ㲻ؾת֮䣬ҶѾ˦ü֡
ЩӵˣСҲһ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶ㣬Ϊı¡
Ĵ໥ۣ˺üɲûôֹ׷׳أʲô顣
ƷҪԼΪҪԼŹ۽ɢɱ۳ʵʡ
˵ûҵĶȱٿŹҲȥˣʵʵĹҵĿŹ
ҶŭһƳһץ¡
ȭһܿռֱŤƾƿռķ

վƷҲҲغڣ۷ֻһ֮ңҶ㳯Լץһŭ֮ɫȻһơ
£
Ҷֱһתһ޴ӡˣֱӽѹԭء
꣡
һΣȻĹˣһз̫ˣƷ綼Ӧ

ƷϾƵӵӣӦҲһ׷׳֣˵һҶûȥ
Ӧǣ
Ҷֱһ׵˸״ߣХʵһɱҶ֮бÿһռ䣬Ȼޱȡ
ϸȥҶɢӨ⣬һЩط˸ƣ伡棬̺˿ֲ
飡
һȭһ˱ɳȥǰһƬѪȾ˵棬򵥵һȭֱƿԷķ
һȭ򷨣ֱӣҲֱܴ
Ͷ֮䣬ڻζ齵Ķ죬ȴһ޼᲻ݵ֮ﳼ
һȭһȭ죬¡һһ˱ɣؿڣڴڵĿѪ
ܵĿɾȱ𾪣𾪱ɺȻ
ַٶȣ⻹
пᣬÿһȭǣĺۼƷ˿̱ˣԼƾȻҶѹסˣȫһΡ
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һǰԼҶ㣬ȴϣһ֮ԼҶǰȴСĿ
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Ҷ㻹ǲ⣬̫ˣһȭԷ򱬣ʲôʱһȭܴ񷣬ɡ
ÿµСӵʲôʱ˿ֲˣ
ĸʵظװµӡ
໥ҶһȭһȭղŻˣֻʣƷһڿ֧š
Ʒ磬ұԸ㣬Ŵ鷳Ҿͳ׶ĺ·ӴԺֻҵĿŹ
ҶͻȻǣһսһɿµɱָ֣һ㣬ָˣƷѹȥ
꣡
Ҷ㾳ͻƵغ۷Բֻһ֮ңָҲ˴ɾ
ƷǰҲȥգۼĹȫûҶ֮ƣ׵Ĵݻ١
𾪣
Ȼ
˶⣬Ҷ㵽˻ħɣƾһ֮ɵشҲ޷ɡ
˻ѪѪһ㣬ϱ鶼ˣʮֿɲ
ҹ£ڣҲһῼǷһ·
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Сӣס֣㾹ȻҪǧɽӹ£ֱ޷죡
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䣡
ɷ˵һƳҶ£ҪһƽҶúݵֶΣúݵġ
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飡
ռֱӱ򱬣һˣҶҲ˼سڣҶ㻹
Ҳһ㶣ȻԼֻһ۳ϣҲسڵľ磬ΪûһƽҶɱĲ֮ɫ
ΪƼҳϣ֪԰ǿв֮ݵӣΪƼңǲ̬ԴСسϣҿ޷죡
ҶһȣֱӴ쳹أм͸ͱ˵ζڳ˵һ
̫ǿˣ̫ˣ
һƼҵĵӶѣìͷָǧɽ壬Գϣֱ֪ò˶ãͻ֮ء
ҲΪҶѰ·
Ȼֻһ΢۳ϣҲһܼ̤ģҶˡ
˭Ҷ˵ǣ
ӣֻʵʵβˣ˭ָҸǧɽΪУⲻѰ·ʲô
֮ϣسɫĿ£Ŀ΢У絶ĶҶ㣬Ŀ⣬ҶѾһˡ
۳ϣҲ˭̤ղֻǶһ建£ҲҶ㶴ǰƽ̨ϡ
죬һƣ粻Ժ㡣
гˣƷһ
Ҷ֮Ͽһֺۣܶ˶һ̬ȣƺԸ˵ǧɽ壬Ҷ¶Ц
ǻΪ޴˼븺ġ
ƼңѾһɢɳΪףҶ㲻һ˿һǸ׵ѪҶ裬ҪеͳͳĲڽ¡
Ҷ㣬·ϣҹ£
䣬ҪҶ㵱˵棬ǰ
£
£
ӵ֮У֮һǧɽӣڷ׷վͣҶϴ
糱ֱָҶ㣬һɢɷ·Ҷһǧһ㣬Ҫܳͷ
Ҷž޲üͻȻһѿһɿµ֣Ҷŭˣ־ˣɱһʬ
ͫȱ
ҶͻȻʩչֱͫϵĻ꺣

˭Ҳ벻ͻȻһĲҽ


1021 ͳͳ
ҶüͻȻͷųһֲľֱصĻ꺣ͻȻһ岻ɿƣֱӹڵء
˵ȱٿŹȻԼ͹ʲôʱҸˣſԹȥ
һǿѹ֣Ʒ缸ѹ£˾شͻȻѹ⧲һ¡
ʱ䣡
ӵӣһǧɽ۳ϣһŵĹҶ㶴ǰ棬ֱ߸˵֪
̫ˣ
˺󱳾һ亹ҶĿЩֲ
˫ֿʼӡһɫӡǳˣȻԭأô޷ӽɫӡѳ
Ҷ󷨣һ󣬳Լ֮⣬û˿Ƶ󷨣ҪǳȥҪ
˼ˣҶһɨɨ죬һЩϵʶ׷ߣԸɷǡ
һʶ涺һ£ҶоһϤϢʶ
֮ϣǵľ֮ɫڻûȥԼĶʲôʱǿˣ׶֪顣
һˣ˸ҹʶҶǰζǾǰ
ҶһЩǱصʶ׷ȥܶʱޱ徲ֻ˹ԭأĺ紵
裬ǳĳ裬˹ԭأѣ֮Уŭ棬ϧ޷ϵĽɫӡǡ
һ̥㶼͸ˡ
ջʶǺŹЦݣһʱ䣬Ҷʹﵽ˵زе
㣬ղ㲻˵ҶЩˣƷǻһ룬֪Ʒ类۸ѹԭأ϶ưոݣ
ѩѾԼ˿̵ˡ
ڱչسɾò˶þͻˣϣСӣܿŭɣ
˵꣬뿪ɽ壬صԼĶ֮С
Ҷ֮״죬ղһۣ洫ӶʼעֻеؾߣлΪ洫ӡ
ƶ֮ϣһ߲֪ЩʲôƼҴϣղŷһĻȴûг
Ҵʲô
Ͽϧ˵һ䣬ʧ
϶ƣҶ㿪ʼ󷨻似ƿϾͻƲãҲ𲻵ʲôá
һԴԶҶı˽ȥ֮Уһ¼ϰ󷨣ÿһֶǶ֮컯
ǿ󷨣ɱˣҶ㿴ǰľ
ˣôңԶĴʻ㣬Ҷ֮ϣо׽٣ɾͲ֮лΪˡ
ϧ̫Դʮֲֿ
Ҷ㽫رһ󷨣Ҫöɾܲöɡ
ɾʲô˲Ķ˽ǳϡ٣Ҳֻ򣬿ɽ磬ŻɾĴڡ
ҶʶǳǿԪ꣬ҶԪøʵһַϧֻƵزںľϵˡ
ˣˮƷҲֻƵ
ʱһȥЩ̸۵Ļ⣬Ҷ㣬ûٸȥҶ鷳
ػƷ缸ˣѾҶ㶴ǰҹ
ӿʼ裬һǷ֮ɫɫӡһǽԭء
Ҷ㣬ҳȥҪ˺㣡
طĺ֮ǰôﶼֻ֪ǸоһʹԾĹ¡
峤ȥˣΪûһվֹ
Ʒ۽ô飬峤ϾȻȫĬǧɽ嶼һû˸վʱˡ
ⲻ֪֮ǰǹµһ̣䷢ˣ˵ҸԤֱ֮ӹƼҡ
ΪϣӦԼְ𣬾Ȼ֮䷢֣סˣ֮ƣټɽǧɽǸμӣŽû˲μӣһû˸ҷ
ΪгڴϵĴ֮£ȫ֧䣬ǧɽ۳ϣóȻֶԸӵӣѾƼҳ裬ٴη
˭Ҳ֪ΪͻȻתԣ֧䣬һδҸȷҶ㱳һ֧֣Ǵϡ
ʱ䣬ƼҵĳƽеӶڷܵҶһİ˲ʱ䣬ӷ֧ĵӣһԾΪӵӺĵĵز
ڻƼңͿʼףˡ
֪ҶƼҵΪ̻ƺ׵˶ǿЦһڻǣСӾͽ췭ظڵƼңһʡ͵ĵơ
ټǹν£
̣Цƺ׵һ֮ɫΪͻȻټǹ
һϢ
¶ϲɫˣĿǰΪֹڻǷ֧ĵˡ
Ϣ
˶ǲ֮ɫЦҲ⣬Ķӣ
ΪǷ֧ҶӣƼΪ˽ǻǷ֧ѡʲĵӣƼҡ
ʱ쾹Ȼյ˴ϵͣ˼Ƿֲ֧Ϊ˽ѡĵӣƼ
𣿡
̵˷ܵļԭΪûлˣҪڵһ꣬˭֪һԺ󣬻ûлᣬһδ֪
һΪһˣ׵ĸıˡ
ȻģϽȥʰһ£Ǿ̣Ƽңǹȥ
ЩüҶ϶ĵĳƺĶˣǿҶ㣬ᵱƶ潫Ҷ㱣
һ𻶺ȸԾ뿪ˣƼңǴ£˲䴫Ƿ֧
ٵӶղѣ޲ʱһΣʱҶùϵڵλò䵽Լ
ϧһҶ㶼֪󷨣ʱͫȱ
ڳһʱ䣬ɱһӹ÷ǳʵ
ת֮䣬Ʒ缸˹Ҷ㶴ǰѾʱˣѾƣſڵϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶʶһһɿֲɲɢƸͬ;ζ

Ҷоơ
룿
Ҷ뵽һˣӵ֮УĻ룬壬ӽɾ
ѵˣ
Ҷվӣˣ֪Ʒ类Լѹڶڣ϶ưոݡ
ܿҶ֮Уɢһս⣬ÿԼһԼʵǿ󣬻ҵħ֮ǿ
ƺܿӵɲ壬ڱչصĵӷ׷ױżʱ䣬ɲһһ顣
ͻȻ۽һվӣϢ̫Ϥˡ
ˣ
Ѿɾ
һ򿪣ʼɲ壬ٴηӿ
һɿµƣƷǿ˫ۣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʦֳˣҪСô
ƷЦ˾ָ٣ĥѾǴ󲿷
ҹҹһӶĥ裬ֻѪϴˢ衣
ҶСҹ
һŭ֣һɽҶ㶴ѹ£žһӰվƷߡ


1022 ©
ɲ壬ٴηһμǧӵӶˣЩ֮⣬׷׳ء
ŹڶǰƷˣ۽ðȻ棬һɿֲϢɢɫӡǷѹȥ
̣
ɫӡǷ̵һͻȻ˻ʧ֮һ
ۡ
Ʒ缸ͻȻ³ѪóȻ֣ýɫӡͻȻս˸оһֱ̣ǵ壬ʮܣӡǵѹԽԽ
һԼƽӡǣûƿüش۽֮еɱԡ
Ҷվڶ棬ûг֣ǴŵЦ⡣
ҵĽƣƾ㻹
Ʒ缸ɫʮήңٴγ֣һץҪƳɫӡǣȽǼȳڳҶ㡣
ֽӴӡǵʱƷ缸ٴβҽʮܣĴ֣ƺҪ˺һ㡣
ʦ֣ƳˣϿɱҶɣ
ƷʹĿҪܲˣŭֻҪɱҶ㣬Ȼơ
ܴ֮Ҷ㵽ײʲôƣص۳϶޷ƿ֣Ҳ޷Ƴɫӡǣֱ̫ˡ
˭ڣغڣѷ֡
ܿ죬뽫Ŀ⿴Ҷ㶴һȭݺݵĹȥ
䣡
Ϊ֮һΣɽʯٴλ䣬ˮһ޷ƿ
ֻСУң
ҶһŭȣƺΪϴһޡ
˶ҡҡͷҶ㼸ڲ飬ȲΣŭԷ˵
Ҷ㣬б¾͸ҹ
ɱԽԽŨ׶ߣȫÿһ缡⣬ɲ壬ѪҲŽʮң
һôҹĵǣƼҵǿ󣬻ǿ໥ײһս
ҵĶҰͳ㣬һ蹷һĴҺҧ
Ľƴ򿪣Ҷһ˳սⰻȻƺ˶֣о
ܺãΪ˵ÿ仰𡣡
Ҷ֣벻˵ʲôΪҪҶȫÿһͷйͷֻޡ
Ҷǳˣα˵ЩûӪĻҪʲôܻµ
Ҷ¶֮ɫ˭֪Ѿˣ϶ҪԼ˵ЩûӪƨʲôá
ۡ
ܴһҶԴ֣ѵ֪šĲ
ô޷ܵǣҶһѵһǳˣСӹҼһʲôҲɱĲΪ˵ĳ滰Ҫ֣ʹʹ졣
СӣҲ򵥰
ѾЩľˣҶ
úúãСˡ
ȷû˵ȭͷĸ¸죬Ȼ˵ϻǾȭͷ¡
е˼˵ϲӷϧ˱ˣ㷢ŭҲ
Ҷһ޺Цݡ
ۣ
ϵЦ⣬ͻȻһڿˮҶ㻹һƷʱ򻹴̼롣
Ȼӷ̼񾭣ϲ֮Ȼ֪û˸ҵ˵Ҷ㵱ӵ棬˵ϲӷ
Ѿ̲סʼЦһЦɲص
ƷСһƷ
˸ҶۣǼƷеļƷ
Ҷ㣬Ҫս㣬Ҫս
뷢ŭҪսҶ㣬սҪ˵棬˺Ҷ㣬⣬Ѫ
Ͷˣ
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óȻֻɱ϶ᱻͷɱӵӣ廹ǲģ˫Լ޷Ԥˡ
ԭˣСҪɱ룬ϵ̼˵ԼսĻ
˶Ҷͼ̼룬֮䣬ʧȥǡ
ĿѾﵽҶûмԼŭ룬ǰ䱸һͷ˳ϻһͷŭϻǽȻͬġ
˿̵룬һͷŭϻȫһһ£ɢĹâ
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ҶҲһһȭݺݷ˻ȥ˫ƴⲫս
ʿ˵ϲⲫսȭȭ⡣
һ˶Ĥľ쳹أȵĹâ˲䱬˫Ǻĵ˫ƾУ˭Ҳûκε˭
һԼ徹Ȼ˵ֵˣЩԽܡ
Щ˼ˣȻֵסȫһ
˿ʼ²һս˭ܻʤ
ɽ壬׷ױиԼһЩϣ׷׹ע
Ҳ⣬ʶǸ߿գɲս

ͻȻһɫֱִʱִ
ִͨѩףϷķһߣ֡
ܵ˲û뵽뾹ȻóԼıһѩУҲ÷ˡ
Ҷһֻܿ壬ֱ绢
˿ʼΪҶ㵣ϾҶֿȭռѩơ
Сӣڣ
ѩһĶٴʧһȭҶݺݵ¡
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ӵѩ˲𣬽Ҿͳ״ûл֮
Ҷ¶Цݣһɿɲ汬һͷѵȫɢһƬƬɫۡ
˲չ˽棬һı֮ϱռһѿûԪĶǿ
顭
֮ϣֲϰٴΣһδײ˭Ҳ֪˭ռϷ磬ֻȭմѿ
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ȫɢ⣬˶ľܽɾģƼңָ
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˫ȭһնʱֿ
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ϰУҶ㾹Ȼ̽ûбħ֮塣
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ͷӲҳǿ󣬵ǸȣСĿ
֮ԱǣΪҶѳǿ֮ĩԲ˵ˡ
ҶҲ⣬岻ʮ⣬ŰԵԼ֮壬Ѫ壬ҪӲˡ
ͻȻ֮䣡
ҶƿʼɲϢɲ壬һͷ
ÿֲ
ɫ䣬ҶǸоϢⲻΰ֮
ʹ죡
ҶþûôʹˣһˣԼһȭܴ򱬶֣Ҷ㼸ûлʩչ
ˣ޼ɵʩչ


1023 ݺѹ
𣡡
Ҷȫ˼£һŭ֮ȫÿһۣǱ֮
ɣҿ嵽жôǿ󣡡
ҶףըĿռ䷢
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һһŭȫһ𣬿µͻȻƽ·һ꼴١
ĿԣײĻ𻨣ܿռ·⵽˽ⲻƽǿռ䱻סˣ˿ƬԲⱻƻ
ûֻͣǣݺݵײһһεҪȸղſʮ
ȭ
뷢һŭʩչɼ似ȭһȭΪ֮𣬷ǳĿֲ
һŭգȫݣȭ۳ļµķţǴţ˲䱻һգ׵ĻΪޡ
顭
ȭ֮ҵı֮ȭͷ֮ϣ貵Ĺâѩ֧֣ء
ڣȻҪغ۷廹Ҫǿֱؾڡ
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Ҳǰľղһȭƺֺ޵ȭ⣬˺Լķұһͷ
ˣ
ٴα仯Ԫڵʵһࡣ
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Ҷ˻֣ȭͷһǰһ顣
ȭͷһƽ⣬ҶӿһȦһȦĲˣ纣ϵķ籩ۣ֮ɢ޾ɱһС
վڲԶɫڱˣҳɣһǴȭȸղǿһࡣ
Ԫӿȭͷ֮ϣѩת֮ڶ
ǵ壬СӾȻһ˿壬֪ˣԭˣ
ҶϢͻȻԭҶһ˿档
Ϊһֱ׷Ŀ꣬壬Ӷ壬׷壬Ѱҵ壬Ƶ壬ճɾͰ塣
ؾҲûв򵽵壬û뵽һӵϣ˵Ĵڣôܲ
ЩӵȻʲôе壬ǿҶһȭһȭѾǵ֪
ĵĪ䣬ԼĶԽԽǿǵЦһչ

˵һ𣬷춯صıһ̣ʧȥ˹ʣ·뵽ĩա
Һ˸ղŷܿռ䣬Ȼһȭ϶д붴˻
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䣡
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ģ
һȭݺݵĻؿڣʵҡ
ۣ
һѪǶߵķݣԶԶı˳ȥ
ڽһȭ
ҶƲˣҪ׻룬ԺٴԼ鷳
߲캦Ҫ״ѹ档
ɫ䣬һˣĽӳ֮ϱһߣ䡣
â꣬ĽҶ˺Ѷ޾֮У˸Яһնɱ֮ƣѸٳҶն¡

ҶЦһָһ㣬ԼǰĽѿȻܲסҶһָ֮
ȭٴηһɽͻȻ˼£ء

Ҷһȣһ̤Ȼǧ׾룬˲ǰ
飡
һȭʵʵĻϣߵٴεɳȥѪȾա
ڵϵƷһȻ֮ɫŲŵա
սѾ׵ˣЩ϶ʼһԼʵҶڵŽӵǰ塣
ֻм̬ܸ⣬洫ӳ֣ȻûҶĵ֡
ӵͺѹƵĴĿǱѹһ޴ʯͷ
ȻҶȭУϾ屣û˼Դɫǳѿ
壬
ҶָҡҡΪһĴ򶷣˭֪뾹Ȼ˲Ҷ㻹ûбŸһŸֱܽ򱬡
ܲɬûΪҶ˵󻰣徹ȻҶƵˣѹķʽ
ҪңҲҪۣ
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1024 ѵ
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ҶһԼħ֮壬Ҫսʤĺ鷳
ýˣԲΣκţһ塣
ɱ¾֮ˣ߸߾𣬰νȻǰνɱһҶڵɱ⣬޷۳
Ψɱ⣬ܽɱһ۶ɡ
һƥ֣ɱ¾֮һǿ磬֮ռΪ֮ݣ޷赲һ
ɣ˶һأ޴׽һ޾Ϣ
ߵĿռһѿֱն£ûκֻͣǵֱϵĹͷʼѿ
Ǻ󱳣һ̣Ӻֱð˳ȥֱӴ͸壬߽塣
飡
ͻȻջأٴαƷɳȥҲ̶ãѪȾ˵棬֮ܿϵ䣬Ʒǰ
ڵϵƷɫҰףû뵽ǿʦֶˣܵңԺҲһˡ
Ҷ£ǰһļ֮ɫ
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Ҷ˵ʵƼҰʱˣҶ㼸ȥˣŴðԼ
ѣҪվѾָܶҲܴﵽȫʢʱˣԺΪҲнһչ
Ҷ㣬㲻úһ죬ҸΪұ𣡡
˻ŭȻи磬Ҷ㶼һ㶡
Ҷ㷢㶵ӣƷʱҲ˵
˸㣬ʦֵĸ洫ӣأһͻšԴ
ƷɫƺҶ㱻˺ѵĳ
𣬿ϧûлῴˣ
Ҷָһ㣬ƷȥˣҶֱӷϳΪ
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ظŵò˵ЩѾˣνǹͷǿгͷԼ鷳ڷڣϷ׷׳Ĭ
ʶʲôտڲ˵ϣҶϽǡ
ҶƷ˲䣬ǿϢͻȻˣҶĶǰ侹ȻҲС
仹мϣŹڵϵļˣڿ֪Ʒ磬вε룬ҡҡͷ
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СȻӼ棬Գϳ֣洦ã塣
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أµ㻹ڸģóϣһӳ֣ɺͳҹӦɣ
˵Ĳ䣬ײһƢͿǧɽ岻˳ˣЩ£ﻹ˼ɼҹ档
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ƼңһҶûдǱˡ
ƺ׼ˣҶƼҵ¼Ǿȵĺϲ£죬̶̰꣬ͳΪӵӣǰʮ룬ֱ˼顣
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Ʒʮ־нڴǰһǰ
ܺãĲһʵü巢ŸԴӡ
ϵ˵ͷʵѾ֤ʵˣҶӵƼ֮ˡ
ϾҶգƼҵѪƼҾԲģƼѪۡ
ǱߵЦԽԽ󣬼ƺԸʣ˺ܿһƬϤĲϤ
ʲôüλʦ˸ˣ
ͻȻһӰ֮£ڹŽ֮ϣΧһͻȻԭء
ǡ
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Ҷ㣬벻ǰɣ
ƺ׸ҶȽϽЦ֮ӣƽʱӴıȽ٣¶һпǧı顣
ôһ
ҶһֿܱˣҶҲȽǣݣҶûмѣǼҶߵķǳˡ
ⲻûü𡣡
˹ҶˣһЦ⡣
Ӳμϣ
ȻҶھ죬ڻеģϾû࣬ҲûҶĽ졣
ҶԼм֮ʮָж
ܶӽƼңߣǰķ֧ǲмһ˵ı飬Ҷģȷʵѵÿɹ
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ҶԴһӣ㲻ˣΪͻȻãһƺ׵˳ڹŽ壬Ҳûһһȵķ֧ȵӰ


1025 ĵ
ܿҶΪͻȻŽ壬ȻԼҲйϵ
ҶζĿһ۴ϣܿͶ״ȻΪ£Լƺ׼Ƽҡ
ƺ׼˸׳ǽ붴ȥˣֻҶ컹дԭء
ϣҶˣ
ղѾȥ˵һ飬ԭǴϸµʺõĵӼƼҡ
ҶֲɵӣƼҷ֧ü٣Ϊεûǵ˼Ƽң϶Լйϵ
ΨһҶ㲻׵ǣϵλôΪΪԼϧ˷֮ţ÷֧ӣƼңþ䳡ˡ
Сӣܸңʱ򣬳ǹɵô𣿡
ֻһ֮ָ似򣬶ָ⾳򣬸ղҶʩչ似һ˿棬Űݱ䡣
ֻе˾ܲ⡣ڻ֣һעؽһ¡
ĵ˵ͷԼȻûֻҪҶһԣƾǹɵ壬͵ôϰͽҶ㡣
ҶϸԼʱȷʵֹһ˵ζĽԼ似˺ڣʵǵݱ䣬پʽ
Ҫ򵽵壬ô򵥣һ֮УҲҲһˡ
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ϵ˵ͷͲ֪˵ʲôɵɵĿˡ
ҶԽ̸ԽͶϵ֪ʶǴԽ̸ԽľҶȻķ룬ܶණҶһѪָ
ŴϾȵı飬Ѿ޷Լˡ
̸һһҹҶҲǳϾؾܶණҶܴ
ϴҶϿһִţ׷־жԵĲ򣬶ôéٿ
ʱ䲻֪֮ţȵڶɫʱ˲Ŵȳ֮˳ûһ˿ƣ֮ɫԼֳϢҶоԼľɶ˲١
غ۷岻ãҶһֱ򲻵صİ壬һ̸Ҷ˺ܶණ
νԪԪתʵһַһĶҪ̫ȥִţֻһˮɵ顣
Ҷڻ۵ĵ̣ò˶ãͻƵؾΪܵķ̫ˡ
ҲˣȻҶ㲻ܰϵľ磬Ҷ֪ʶǳǿ󣬼񼶹һЩ޵ĵط϶硣
Ҷ㣬ҵƣƼң˸óȻԸ㣬ʾҵƼɡ
ϾȻóԼƣҶһ̸ı̫Ķ
ʣһϣһܷܷѧӣҶ֪̽ʶȥҪ˵
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ǵӾͶлˡ
ҶȻܣܲ˵һơ
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ӦҶлŶԣԺлᣬȥָҶɨ
ָǴϾסĵطҲûǰȥȻҶȥͣҪǴȥ𾪵޷˵˰ɡ
лᣬһȥ֮̽
Ҷûоָܾ㣬ԼĪĺôԼй¶ĶһЩ޹ؽҪĶĺĵĶҶֻδᡣ
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Ҷ㣬Ž֮ϣֻʣҶˣҶԵĸоЩȻ
ΪҶ㣬ôܸһ֧峤̸һһ̸֪ʶ֪֮һжΪҶ㣬ƼҵλˮǴߡ
Ҷ㣬Һοн죬ǰͣ
쳯ҶһΪҶ㣬ԼĶӿԽƼȻЦΪ׵Ĺϵڴһ࣬ȻǴ˻ƽʱڡ
ٲܽƼңһӶڻˣҶһָıˡ
ˣӦġ
Ҷ㻹һǫӣ˫ӮҶ㣬ҶûʲôֻҪԼһ飬ûʲôҶֶΪ
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ҶԽͳƼңűӰһʧҶص˹Ž塣
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Сʦܣˣ
Ҷˣ׳´ӣ˲ȫˮ
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ʦһЩ⣡
ԣ໥£׳Ҷ㵹һˮһ֮ɫ
СʦҪ֪ʲô
׳ʵ
ģϣñҵķΪһ壬ϧûⷽľ飬һ´ʦ֣
ĸʦ֣ҶûжϵȻҲͬһ㡣
׳ɫ仯ƺҶ㾪ˣһ⼸û˿Ҳȥ룬СʦܿĲ򵥡
ʦܣǰȷʵⷽ뷨ϧҵޣܶණ֪ʶ޷ʵ֡
׳Կ˵Ƕ⣬ϧûкõǿԼոһգ긴һĥ
ҪһƪȿҲż໥оһ£ܲҵ
Ҷ㽫ö˳׳ǰ
ʦܣ֪һöֵ٣㾹Ȼó
׳ӦҶһӣһַЩӦ
ûʲôֻҪʦܰҵ취͵Ǹʦֵı꣡
ԼȫˣþƳνҵר׳Ųû
ãҲ飬ȻˣǾоо
׳ʶ룬ɫʱٴһ䣬һַҶ㾹Ȼ˵;͸Լˡ
һʱʱ䣬׳嶼֮жȹȻأ³һ
õַҲƼƷԪҶû뵽һô
СʦܣҲ֪˵ʲôˣлݶ׳ˣ
˵꣬׳峯ҶһҶҲû⣬΢΢һЦ
ʦֿʲô취
Ҷ΢΢ʵ
ʱ䣬˳㽫бң֮һһ𸴡
׳׳ǰĵطȻʣ˶˼ı仯
Ǻã֮ʦ֣
Ҷóɱµ־㽫׳ɳȥҺҶ㲼һƣ־ɢȥ


1026 
ദ׳ͶҶԼҲֻ΢΢һ£ܿ顣
Ҷ㣬׳رնƣκ˲ý롣
Ҷصɲ壬һöͨѶݳȥһϢʼ
ᣬҪȥ𣿡
һ֮Уһʮĸ˿ᣬʮ簮ʵ
ǵģϾҪؾӣô˻ᣬȥħһʱ䣬ȡͻΪؾ֮УҲԱ֮
÷·ûô
Ҳã˵ûؾ¾Ҫˣڹƺܶ˶뵽ħҪĥһҽһͬ飬ȫҲбϡ
÷·ʮҵĸˣֳַ˵ͷ˵
ÿʮؾһΣֵʮ꣬ÿһοǰϦܶŵӣϲħ棬ԼΪ
һħϢؾ񣬵ڶħһ֮أлؾ֮дļʡ
ϧλʦ㶼ڱչأѩʱСԽؾȥѰͬ顣
Цһ÷·Ҳмĵӣϧڱչأ磬Ϊؾ׼
һЩӣʵǾ粻ħҲѰ·
ҸƼһˣ
÷·ƺ֪дһ˵
˭
һ㶣һˣԼȥҲҪͬ顣
Ҷ㣡
÷·Ƽ˾ȻҶ㡣

ỹûҶһȥ
ûӵӵʱжܴӦһȥѵĺѡҶԾС֮Ҳ㷢ìܣɱڡ
÷·Ȼ£ƼҺܶ黹֪֮ࡣ
ܴӦ𣿡
᲻ȷ˵ҶǿεݣȻɫһ졣
İɣ϶Ӧѵˣһ֮ǰʲôȥ𡣡
÷·֪ʲôϾҶŶ̶̼ʱ䣬ͳԽЩƵӵӣ϶ЩԽܡ
Ҷͱ˵һһ֮ǰҶһ뿪Ƽң˵ѰʲôŶ
֮Ҷ㾳籩ǣŵӣֱӿԸӵӿ⣬Ҳ˵Ҷ㲻ɱ˶ᱦ֮ˣŵӣҶҲԸԷһ
÷·˵Ҳ޵ҶжѰҴҶǲѡ
ܶͬӣϿϵ̰ıֳжԼͬ֡
ҲΪʲôԼȥĴ㣬ô˵ֳ˼ˣһ飬ȻȫҲһݱϡ
ȥɣ
÷·˻֣뿪ˡ
ģ뿪÷·壬һֱҶ㶴ȥ
䵽Ҷ㶴棬˶ţҶʶһվ
ʦôͻȻʦܺᡣ
ᣬҶɻʵ
ѵʦܾվ˵𣿡
¶ǸζЦݣЦеĶҶ㡣
ҺҶ̹ᣬҲ⣬뵽˶档
ʦ
һĴһҶĶԭʼ״̬ı䶼ûУҶһֱæûʱ
Ҷ㣬ʵһ顣
ջĿ⣬ϵı֣
ʦ˵
ҶĻشԼ϶Ǽ򵥵顣
ʦ֪ܿʮһεؾ
ûֱ˵ԼĿģʵ
ʦжţ
Ҷ˵ͷԼϻؾ֮Կô֪ܲ
ʵҹʦһȥħϣ󼸸£һʵħؾˣҲǰϤһ¡
˵⣬Ҷһȥħ
ԭˣʦҲȥһʱ䣬⼸£Ҫȼʱ䣬ʦɷʦܼ졣
ħҶҲڿغ۷壬չؿ϶ͻˣôȥղŷһѶϢҪĳ˵û뵽ˡ
ʦ㲻żæģ㴦飬ҡ
¶ϲɫû뵽ҶôʹľʹӦˡ
ã
Ҷ˵ͷ֮ҪɱԶ֮
̸һᣬ뿪ˣɫԽԽҶ뿪ɲ壬Ƽ֮ȥ
һƫƧɽ֮ϣҶ棬۹⿴Զ֪˼ʲôգۼҵĹһӰ¡
Ϊǲʲô飿
䣬ʱҶ㷢һѶϢǸġ
ЩҪס
Ҷ˵ͷ̣Ƽмʮ֮ңû֪ϴҲ档
Ŷʲô
ʮָȤҶܽʲô
ʮȪˮһö컯ɹһ磬ڼеλ
ҶóʮȪˮʣµĸ׸Ůʮ㹻ˡ
⡭
һЩȻֵ֪ǲԶƼҼҲҵ컯ɹֶݼѾˡ
ڻȪˮֻŻ֣żһЩʽۣҲֻ̾û뵽Ҷֱóʮˡ
ҴһĹѨ֮еõģһ£Щ͸װɣ
Ÿ𾪵ӣҶ㽫
ԭһ֮ǰȥ̽һŶˣһջǳ֮ࡣ
Լӵһһ䶼ֻȨ棬ⱻֱ֪ĨɱҶ㡣

Ҷ˵ͷĹѨ򵥵˵һ飬ûйἰԪ꣬һɣдϢҶŻá
м¾ؾӣôģ벻μӡ
ûн飬£ΪƿЩʺ
и׳Ҳ˼ȥѾԼ˻飬ȥħؾʱ򣬸ϻƼҡ
Ҷ㽫Լ˼˵˳
ħȷǸ֮أڸŻм壬еǰħؾ࣬ҹʺ
˵ͷҶûȥҲҶȥħ˭֪Ҷˡ
ղ˵лˣ˭
žԼмκ˶ʵ
ᣡ
Ҷֱ˵Ļص
ǸѾͷҷˣ
¶Цݣ֣ŵʧˡ
ʶ᣿
飬һ۾ܿ϶ʶᡣ
ڶʮǰһϴӵӣҲ⣬ϣܻһΣ͵Ǵ顣
佫ǰ˵һ飬ʱһΣְ⣬һֱһ顣
ԭˣ
鶼ˣѹڽӵӵʱͻȻ֣ϧƷ磬ԭԼĸҲйϵ
˺ܶ࣬ٴóһЩԴҶϣúȵɫʱ˲ŷ׷뿪
ⲻ֪뿪ãһӰ֮ð˳
˹ϵȻһ㣬Ȼ͵͵档
˵꣬ʧˡ


1027 ǰ޹
ƼһƫƧɽ壬¶ЦݣϷ糾ͣƺҲǲŻá
䣬ҶȻϵһ㣬ȻҲ֪ʲôϵҸҿ϶ϵͬһ㣬ɱСӣҿ㻹ܸܲ˵
Ҷȫ벻Լ׵Ļ棬ᱻ˷֣Ȼ̸ûй¶ȥ˵Ĺϵȴ˷ˡ
ƼҼһӵĻ棬֪ǵӣֱϵˣ޷
ѵҶ䰵µĵӣ
Ҳ̫ȷΪñȽԶⱻ䷢̸֣֮
ϵֹʦͽô򵥡
ˣк£
Ʋ¼ɵʱ򣬴߽һ꣬ƣʮ־ηĳƺһ
мҪȥ
飬˵
˵
һƻ߹ƺΪˡ
ɱһˣ
˵꣬ɢһǿϢ
˭
ûʲô鲨Щɱ̫ˣľ
ʵһ㣬һ֮ºɱһ뿪ټˣһ뿪ƼңϣԶҪڻ
һ˳ȥûüģϢ֡
ףһ֤СҲز
Ϣ֮ű֤Ŀ
ˣȥɣ³֮ٲǵĺô
ư˰֣ȥˡ
ǣˣ
뿪ˣ¶֮ɫ
СӣĺҾܾǵһҲһ
һǰڹñҶ㵱ھܾϵɱŨˡ
Ҷʮְݣûµʱ̻һЩûһЩϣؼʱ̣԰Լ
֮ҶŽ壬ûֱȥ׳壬ҵ
ʦ֣ЩԴ鷳ʱ͵ǣǼôˣǶ
ҶóһöָҶϣ˸Ͻɳ
֮ôҶҲĿĵģãǸȣǲ̫ҶҪӼһõĵӹݡ
ЩԼûа취ȥ˾õİ֣ǾӪԼһ㷢չʱҶҵˣֱ
׿϶ǻزҶˣҶҽˣҶΣҶҲҶįĸҲǸ׵Ѫ
ҶͶ̫ѪҶ滹ҶѪһ潲Ҷ㶼ҪҶҡ
ʦܷģ⼸ȥһǣ̻һЩȥ
ӹָŵЦݣǰԱеСı鶼ʧˡ
Ҷָƺ׵˼һ棬˶ƼҪȻǷ֧ϼٱҲӦ
˳ҶҲָ˼ˣ׷׻ȥȥˣϣгһգ׷ҶĲ
Ҷ׳Ķ֪Ҷ㵽׳峷ȥƣȵҶ룬ڷն׼κ̤롣
׳壬ҶûϳΪ׳ͷ棬Ǵӻҳһ񾼾֮⣬͸һŨŨƣ
׳ƴҶҲһжܿ׳ʱ䣬оûϢһӡ
Сʦܣҵһ˿취ЩΣա
׳ºܺã˿֪ƣóһöҩ̷ȥϵƣʧ١
ʦϢһ£
Ҷʾ׳ϢһᣬȻа취ˣҲһʱᡣ
׳Ҳȷʵ̫ˣϢ˰ʱȫָҶ߽֮С
ҶɢһǿƣҶʮǡ
ɱҲһ֪ҶҪǵĵȼ
ʦ֣˵˵ʲô취ںһ𣬶Ժܱı壬ݱɱ̬
Ҷʱʵ
ɱƷʣǳ֮ߣǱҲǳĴ߲϶ʮҪںϵһ𣬿϶ų
׳彫⼸ĵ˵˳
Ҷ˵ͷͬ׳Ĺ۵㣬Ҳôģݣ϶ݣԲҵ׳壬ѰҰ취
취УҵõĲʣܽѹǣãȻݡ
׳˵˰취Ŀǰ˵õİ취
ʲôĲϣ
ҶʵԼϻвԴϢѪģȴûС
˴ϢɱѪ߶ϱȥѰұ߸߼ĲϣҶҲǷϵ̾һˡ
ˮľЩǺϣʺкԵĳ໥ںһ𡣡
⼸˺ܶϣ׳Ҳ˹Σ˵
Ҷüͷһƺ뵽ʲô
㿴ľͷɲںߵĲϣ
Ҷ㲻׳壬֪ʶҶԷḻϾ׳ûûҹҶһҲƲ˼Ρ
ʲôľΪɢŨľ֮
׳ɫ΢΢һ䣬ľǾûǰľͷɢľ֮Ũ
еõģԣľ뵽ɱ֮С
̫ԶҶûи׳ἰ˵ˣҪģǰҶһ𣬽ںһһǰ޹˵ıͳˡ
̬֣ʱֿԻΪɱֱһá
ںһҲƾ񣬾ͿԵֵһؾ
ǿԣ
׳Ҳʮڴһ֮ѳɹɱҶͬһЩҪҶɡ
ã
ĶͬԺܶණҪ˵ʼ׼Ҷ㽫ںϳɹҲĵز
Ҷóǧֲϣÿһޱ󣬶ǴԪңһţɱȨԺԺŮϵõġ
Ƕ׼ԼƱڶҶ㡣
ȱһЩϣҶֻ÷ϳһЩĲϰΪ֪ɱʮӴʮĲϣһա
һ׼׵˿ʼҶ㸺ᴿΪӵǿҵĻ棬ᴿٶȷǳ֮졣
һβ׳Ҳ֪ʱʼɱһ˿˿ʱ˳
ǰڵĹǳһϽҶᴿ֮׼һ뵽֮䣬ںϣҶ㻹ûаա
ʱһһйȥܿһʱȥеǰڹˣǹؼʱ̣ںϡ
˵ףԷǳ֮ѡ
һȫµսһɹҶ㽫һ
ӿһۣӱ˴˵֮Уһ˿˷ܡ
Ҷڴ׳ڴԼһεƳʲôһɹﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ʼɣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬˿ʼӡ϶ʼ뵽ߵڲȽǵʾ£һڽںϡ


1028 ׽
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ʮϷ׷뵽ɱ֮У˵ַȫһ¡
Ҷ׳ɱ߱ҪͬʱС
Ҷһƣ޷ںϵһΪ߼á
ΪںϣҶ׼ƵĲϣ֪Ƴɹʵᱩʲôĵز
СʦܣӦòˣںϣ
ɱԽԽ£һɷǺÿʶ׳ϣӽƷԪĵز
ã
ҶҲòˣ˴ϢҪôƣѾӵ޳ɳĿռ䡣
ٿַɱںϣڴ´죬һǳ߶ȵ֮һʧܣɱпܶᱨϡ
һ㱻СĿַܳһĴ󣬺ܿɱײһ
ųڳˣ໥ݣ־ɱ־߼һ棬ôںϵһȥ
ˣ
ľɱҶ˳ֱƮ֮ϣΪһӣһһǣһ
ɢŨľܿ컯ߵĳͻٴһںϡ
ĿҶ׳һۣӱ˴˵֮У𾪸˷ܣϣ
߿ҪںϵʱҶǧӡ׷״ɱ֮Уӿںϵٶȣһľɣǻʧܸա
׳ˣԼӡӹɱڲ󷨡
᲼ô󷨣Գɿռ䣬Խ࣬ĿҲԽ
ɱͻȻΪһҺ壬뵽ڲҲڲϵı仯ʱɱģʱָ͡
һǣεļɱΪֱۣ񷡣
ֻҪɹںϣͺðˣ˲ϵϣȼȡĵز
ˣ
һϱֽ⣬׷ȥƵıЩʮȫ뵽ɱ棬Ҷֱ̫ݳˡ
׳嶼¶һʹ֮ɫЩϣԼ㹻һʱ䣬Ҷһ켸ĵĲˡ
Լвĸо֮£ҶóôõıûüĽգ׷׷ֽ⣬뵽֮С
СʦܣǲԽ࣬ͻԽǿǿԿ̻󷨣ӳֱ繥󷨣з󷨡
Ϸ֮У׳ʱѵ
ûҲܼӳֱ
ҶӹĹѨ֮Уȡһ󷨣ˡ
Ҷòʲôأ
ҪǷ϶ʺϲü󷨣з󷨣ʱܼӿٶȡ
Ѫսۣ϶ҲǷ󷨡
һ࣬㽫ҲɿǷҲǷ
ǻʲô
һҶ㣬֪øʲô󷨡
󷨣ûǹ󷨣
ҶҪһǰδеս뵽˹󷨡
֮УҶҵ˼󷨣һһųĵԴ̫̫࣬ӣǰľ޷ãѡС
ҲҶ㾭˼ǵģСãСΧ֮ڣһ󷨣׵ľɱͬڡ
ҶΪԺڲô󷨣ȥԺڴ»¯ʱ䡣
ʩչ󷨣ҪǧöƷʯҲǿƿֲȣԵ΢
Ҷ㲻ôɵʯȥά󷨵ģҶ̻󷨣ڲڿ̻һ󷨣ǴӾħݱ
ܵӳ󷨣Ȼʯ߶Ҳ޼ʡʯġ
̻󷨲ô򵥣һҶҪ˽γɵġڶҪɽתΪá
һǳѵĿҺҶ˾ħѪʣԲʳзǳõĸ򣬺ܿһγˡ
ʵܼ򵥣Ҷڲٳһռ䣬ڲһЩһƬҪʱƬԼת־Ϳʼѹս
һķ̬ͨƬĿռ䣬͵֫ٺԲС󷨡
Ҷ̻󷨣׳𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣСʦܻһţĸ̬˵ķ
Ҷ㲼õԽԽ࣬ĵȼҲڿٵ׳帺󷨣ӳȶԣЩҪȥŪ
ںĵĶȻҶڴ죬ϾԺԼʩչ
γˣҲγˣǷ󷨣˴ϢΪܣҶ㲼һһγɣֵܵ۷һ𻵡
ˣҲˣҲɣýֻһ֮ң
ʦ֣׼𣿡
Ҷֹ̻ͣ󷨣ѾǳҪڿ̻ʲôˣಢںãʵõĲõġ
ˣ
׳ҲʮڴõƷǼƷԪһγɹˣһµĸ߶ȣԼģһԾ
ʼ
һ˿˿֣ʼ񣬼ȻսҶҪħա
޾Ļ潫ħգƷʲһ˲
飬Ļ꺣֮УʼѣҶĵڶԪҲ˳ͻƵغڡ
ɰڴһ٣
Ҷħ棬˲佫񳹵װȫ£ÿһռ䣬ڴ
׳Ǹ󷨣һЩ©ĵط׷׵õֲ
Ȼ֮䣡
һɿµ־ˣڲɢ׳ֱӱɳȥ޷ֵϢ
ҶͬһԴҲоһļ£ƺˣһͷˡ
úúã
Ҷ˵֣ƾ־ͿصƵӡ
µ־ڱŷ׳ֻ˵Զ޷־оԼĻ꺣ʹ
СʦƳһʲôĴڣΪ˿ֲ
׳ԶԶĿţѾﲻʲôæˣɹƳΪѾҪڼӳˡ
ԽԽҲڲϵķű仯ˮһƺıԼǧϣڻ˳ɹ
Ҫڻɣ˾Եã޷߽
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷͷ֮ϳһƣһǿˡ
ҶһһֻеŻڶɽһԼǰô١
ƾۼԽԽ࣬ɢֲϢվԶ׳峹׾ˣ޷ݴ˿̵顣
Ƕ֮еڹŽ֮ϣҲһƣҪŽ𣬿µϢ˲Ƽҵע⣬׷׳֮ϣ߿
Žַʲôˣ
˴ѯʵ
ѵڶɽ٣
һ˵ֻжɽٵʱŻơ
ף
ϳˣվգȴܴ˵Ķ


1029 ׽
Ŵϻһ䣬̸ֱܷ֮¶֮ɫҪŽһ龿
൱ڶɽٵһ㣬ƼңҲһǵȼ͵һ
ѵ׳ǸƳ
Ž弸˵⣬ʦ׳ϲʯϲҶʾϲϲ̻
Ƿ֣⼸˵Ը˼ı仯ϴʱʯסȻĻ˵վһ޴Ļޡ
һȥǣ˵⵽ԪҵĴȻߡ
׳޷Ƴֻһֿܣڰ
һĳϳˣҶԺ󣬹Žһ㱻˹ע
ѵǸСӣ
ҲЩˣҶ㣬Сϵ׻жܣһȻɽ١
ϧû˸ҿŽ弸ưһóȻ϶ᱻУˣҲֱӭοЩˣһ׵У϶
ҶЦһ˿ȫ֮ϣϢһ̾Ҷͷ֮ϡ
СӵƳһʲôΪڰʱ򣬾׽٣ҾǳΪʱҲûŨơ
Ľܵ׽Ϣ¶֮ɫ
֪
ҶѹͲ˵׽٣֣Ҳ˻ơ
Ϊ˰ӵһ˿֮򣬻⵽ɽų⣬׽٣׻Ϊɽ粻ð־ɽ編
һɹȹ׽٣Ҳǵõɽ´УȻγɡ
Щ֮Уƣû˸ҿһöƣͿɱؾ
䣡
һͻȻֱ֣ӳڲһڲֱ⵽ƻݻһա
ۣ
ҶҲһѪ⵽𣬱ҲˣͬһԴศɣҶ㱾пܵ侳硣
ʱҶ㼸ûʱָӡʼָһ󷨲ָܻܿͻ侳磬пٴηѡ
һƿҶеѪḶԣûк֮·޾ӡˣӿ뵽֮С
ղű׵󷨺ָܿҶԪҲڷٵġ
¡
һ׵ֱ֣ϣһλ˸󷨣Ҳѷ죬бļ
죬һѣڽ׽𡣡
Ҷŭһ䣬Ҷ϶֪ή׽٣ѹûκ׼ֻƾܵȥ޸󷨡
ӡˣٵ޸Щ󷨣Զ׳߹ǧѷĺûᣬ
ȻǰЧѾˣ׳ҪҶһ޸󷨡
Ϊ׵ѹƣ־ѹȥ׳ԿҲʼӡҶһ޸󷨡
׳İҶѹ˺ܶ࣬óһЩϣĵطָ
䣡
оٴλָ׵緢һ֮ǿ׵ˣˮͰϸݺݵĻ
ۣ
Ҷ׳˶ɳȥ׳ɫҰףóһöҩ̷ȥϽָϴźȻ֮ɫŶϿյƣƺԽԽ
Ҷ㼸ûκͣһվٴԵ󷨣޸Щܵ׵Լ塣
Щ׵ӽ뵽ҶڲԺ󣬾ȻڰҶ㴸ԪҲһ֮ìˣʼʳЩС׵硣
ãȻҪҾͽͻƣ
Ҷ֮ͻƵغڣ֮ìڽһ
ϴƶ򵤣ҶɹͻƵڣһֱİ취ǰҵһ˿ᣬ׵紸
֮ìҲһֱͣͲǰڻǰҶ㲻
׵Ҷ׵񣬽һЩȫƳ
Ϊֲƶɣ϶β룬Ȼǰɹˣһı׶ˡ
Ȼ׽٣Ҷ׽٣ǧֲᴿһΣǳ׵ںһ
Ҷˣÿһ׵£һѪڼȥϵƣ޸
׳ǳװﲻæˣΪ׵Ե򶼽ȥ˵׵Ĳλ
Щ׵䵽Ҷ֮ϣʱƤѪ
ҶóһЩҩʼ̷ȥ޸ܿ۷壬ֻһ֮ң
ǿɲ׵ĲϳСһȦøҶ޼Ǿǿȣȴһࡣ
Щ󷨻ȶõ׵紸󷨳׸Ϊһ壬һ׵档
ΪǵĻɣʼɢһڲѿһ֮Уǽһϵһ
ǰпľ׵Ϯľ괺Ȼµ֦Ҷʵ
ֻм֪׵֮Уһǿ㽫ˣУҲпͻȻ
ҶҲû뵽˰꣬ɢֱ˼顣
һǿ֮ڲɢЩĵطѸٻָҪҶӡǧ򱶡
Щɢ˳Ҷ㿿Ҳֱߣ˲ͻƿغڡ
˺ڣÿһǧѣһκķҩƳƶ򵤣Ҷͻƾ硣
֮ҶͻƵغڣɶغ۷塣
ԪҲһȻͣ۷壬ոĻҵĲϡ
ȻֻһһӡҶ㾳ԪҲ
ǰҶһݾԼǰ׵֮֮ìӶƷʡ
ǳðգһʧܣԪܻᱻ׵糹׻ҷ׵֮ǻ֮ԴԪʮִܲܳס׵֮Ҷûκΰա
ҪʵֻðգһţǴ֮дģݵֻĻ䣬סʷĿ顣
ȡһЩϸС׵磬ѾɢĲˣԪſ޿ڣֱӽɽȥ

ҶͻȻһĲҽ߿ȫѪҲ̶ãԪ׵Ϯ޹⡣
޸޸
Ҷ㷢һŭ𣬿ٵ޸Ԫ񣬽׵֮ѹ
ˣСһˣ
Ҷ׵磬ĽҪֹϧѾˣ׵ѾԪ֮С
Ҷһһƺ̼֮ӿµƳˣۺɫ׽٣ղŻɵƲ㣬Ȼ˳ɫ
׵磬ԲۣСʲôŭԹ飬Ȼ׵磬׽٣һɢɣڳ׵繥£ҷ𡣡
ĽٴҪҶ壬ָҶľٶ


1030 
ҶȻԪ׵Ϯϵƻ־ѣܴԪ֮УҲڿٵ޸š
Ѿܸܲұ죬Ͻҳ׵֮
Ҷ㽫Ľ˳ӽ׵ĵ绡ɱ¾֮˸Ľʹ죬ֻܳܡ
ܵ׵ϴɱ¾֮øӴ⣬ɢŨɱ¾֮
ɫ׵ԽԽŨΪһƥ⣬׳ŵֱ˳ȥڴȥ϶ᱻ׵
ҲҶ˼ղҶ׳崫Ͻ뿪׵̫ǿ׳廹пܱ׵ֱӻ
׳Ӷ治ʶֱ䵽ȥ׷¶֮ɫ
ѵ׳Ʊ
ղŴһ²²⣬Ϊ׳Ʊ׽٣׳ڶ棬ֻһֿܣƱˣֻǽҡ
һǸСӣ
ϿԶ϶һҶƣֳôĶѵƳ
һʺ˵ǲ˭Ҳֻ֪еȵ˳֪ˡ
׵ѣʯ쿻Ҷʾ׷׳֣ƺ׼˵֪ҶǾȵ˵
Ũ׵֮ÿ԰ƻޣ
ʯ쿼ޣҲڹŽ׵粻Ǻǿǿ׵磬֮ϡ
ҲƳһöƷƷҩҲ׵ᴿһɹҾͿ̷˵ҩͻƵؾ
ҶʾóһöҩҲʼ׵֮ᴿ
׳Ҳ⣬óıʼ׵֮죬Զ
ͻһĻ˴۾Ʊ׽٣ǵãڹŽΧʼЩС׵磬Եı
ĿǼʣǼʼˣȻôõĻᣬ׽ٿ겻ҲˣһЩܶɽٵʱ򣬺ܶ඼޾֮Уûܿ
ĺûᣬȻŽ弸õˣ󲿷˶ۺˣ޲ҲϹŽ壬׵֮Լ
ɫ׵ͻȻ£ĽŵһУҪȥҶ뿪ÿɱ¾ֵ֮һЩ׵֮ѹ
¡¡
ŽΪ֮һΣ׳ĶһƬ꣬ɽʯ䣬ԺҲǱˡ
ֻҶƬ򣬼׵һգһƬյش
ۣ
ҶѪֱӵɳȥɫҰס
ʼӣҶоһļ£ƺиǿ־Ҫˡ
ܳɫ׵һִѷ죬ԼɱҪֽļ
ҳɣҶٴνӡԪҵʹҧڼ֡
գۼĹٴα޸ϣЩϻΪһ壬ֲϣ׺һ
Сӣҿ첻ˣһȥ
Ľ״ױģ˿Ԫʮ˥ղһɢ
ҪɳҪ׵Ŀ飬ѵ㲻صˣΪ
Ҷһߣɱ¾֮һֱԼı׽ٶܲס̸ٴ
ҶһʹĽ׳Ĭˣһɺɢ
ҾͲˣһܳܵסƾʲôҲС
Ľ׿ʼЩ֮ڴ͵֮Уɱ¾֮
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˿ûֹͣϵĽӡҲڼٵЩ֮ԪӦ׵֮ױԪգ֮ìҲٷǡ
䣡
ڴʱҶͷ֮ϣһУһ޴ݳˣһǱɢȿɲϢ
ݣıȻӦˡ
ĽײҽһȻ֪˭ˡ
˭
ޱļµıݣҶҲǴһ嶼оҪѹ⽴
ڸ˵ЩûãӦϵϢĸӦղ׵紸й¶һ˿ݲŻή٣Ҫշ
Ľײ²⣬Ȼ䣬ԻڣȻй¶һ˿綼Ӧˡ
Ҹô죡
ҶҲЩ޴ˡ
ú£ݵӰңɼǿҲ޷ֻҪҽӰ޷֡
Ľ׽˵
һ䣬֮Уһֻ֣ĽץȥҪĽץߡ

Ҷһȣɱ¾֮ԼıȻˣһǿֻȥ
ģ
ѣҶٴαƷɣֻƺ޶Ҷܿġ
СӣԸȻǶҪֻֻ𣡡
Ľ׾ץߣпֱӻΪһƲл꣬磬Ľײ磬ֱūһĴڡ
ն
ҶͣͻȻһ⣬űɱģֺݺݵն¡
䣡
ضɽҡŽ忪ʼҡԶһЩ˷׷׺ˣҿΪϵ׵ԽԽܼҪ׽
ף̹ô¡
ͻȻնϣȴ淢һҶûô壬ݺܿʧҲʧˡ
һ׳׵£ǳɫҪȸղŴ׳һ
ƣ
һҶɱ¾֮ȥһȭ˳׵֮ϡ
ģģģ
ÿһײҶҪ׵ϴһΣÿһκһ֣ÿһײĽ׶׵֮
׵һѿҶͻƵغڣȽգЩ׵ѾΣԼ
һ˿׵ʧͷϵʧָܻƽҶҲ̶ãóҩʼ޸
ٽҺ뵽棬ΪʴЩĵط˲޸
ɱ¾֮Ϊһ⣬Ҷ棬ʼȥˡ
񾲾վһԣɢµ־Ҷ˷֣ջص֮С
˰ʱʱ䣬ҶȫָǿȣҪǰǿ࣬룬һȭܽ򱬡
ڳɹˣ
ҶʶڲŻȻһµĴЦղһն۷һ
óȥˣ
ҶվӣѾòѾסˣҶҡͷЦһû뵽Լ˴ʦֵĶ
Ľףɣ
Ҷֳɱ¾֮ȥֳ֮ɱ¾֮Ҷԭġ
˸ǿᣬҶ㲻ֱɱˡ
ŽŲҶӰӺܿڶ棬ʶ׷£ǲ˶¶ʧ֮ɫ
һİ
̾ϢһԭΪҶƳǿɱ¾֮Ժ֪Լ²ˡ
ɱ¾֮Ʒʷǳ֮ߣ澹ȻƸǣ˶֪ͬһ㣬гΪƷʡ
׽٣ƸǣֻҪ㹻Ĳϣܴһ
ЩˣΪûӡǡ
ǾȻΪҶôɱ¾֮⵹ǳҶ֮⣬ȻôΪҶҲýͣ񲻷й¶ȥ


1031 
Ҷ㻷һȦ˶Ǵ֮ɫҪԼɱ¾֮
Ƽң㲻д˼ҲóȻᡣ
Щ۵Ŀ⣬ҶЦҪԼֻôɱˡ
ҶƳƷ鲻ֶߣƼ˲֪һЩϢй¶ȥ
ܿ죬һʶ׷ȥѾ֪׽ԭ򣬲ڶ뿪Ž巶Χ
ҵĻڴﵽؼ𡣡
ʯͻȻЦЩҪ뿪˷׷ٴͣס塣
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬׳ıһǿҵĲȻҲ˰ĵزǿϢֱü磬سڡ
ıԪԪҲ棬ֱӽԪͻƾ硣
ܿ죬һʣҶʾ˫ֽӡһµĵҩԳ֣ɢϼ⣬ɼĵҩˣӽɵļ
һٶ˷׷𾪣
Ž忴Ҫˣνһ˵õȮ죬Ҷһö˶ˡ
ε̾Ϣһ˼ĹŽ壬ڶ̶̰ʱ䣬˷츲صı仯
ĿǰڹŽ壬ǾѪ綼һɳ졣
żʦַ׷׽ҶҲһˣǴ˿̲Ǹ֮ʱŽһƬ꣬ҪǴ´һ顣
Сʦܣ̫лˣ
ƣ׷߹Ҷлϧһ
ˣɷʦˣǸϽŽʰһ°ɣ
ܶطѷ죬ҩʱָԺŽݽߡ
Щ齻ǾˣʦܸϽȥɣ
׳˵һ䣬ָɽ飬ǼͿˣҪҶ룬Ҷĵλһߵλá
Ǻãʦܻ飬ͷλʦˣ
ҶԼ֮ȥѾȥ죬ѾˬԼˡ
ΪһӰҶ뿪˹Ž壬ɲȥʵԳûȥһʱ䡣
ؾǻݵţضûʸȥЩصţң׷׶˲μӣǲƼ
Ҷ㱾£ݣĲƾһ洫ӳ֣ͿԻɱҶ㣬ȻԿ⣬Ҷ㻹ûеӵĵز
صԼĶҶ㽫С״ϣսƣĶȥһȥħ
һ򣬰˵Ҷڵʵȫһһ򶴸ϴλ룬һճһ𶴸ϧҶҪȥˣȥ
ᶴ棬ҶͨѶܿ˳
ˬԼˡ
ƤĶҶԼ죬ڶˡ
˼Щֲһ졣
ҶԴСӦᣬһСŮ˵ӣ˭֪һֱʲôһֻЫ˲һڡ
ܸ⼸㶼ʲô𣿡
װӣҪ֪Ҷ㶼ʲôȥˡ
ǸǸǲ˵ˣ㲻֪𡣡
ҶһͷߣȥϷǿϧˣԼƱ飬ƼҹֻЩ洫Ӳ֪ˣӣû˲ġ
˼Ҫ˵
֪ΪڵϷҶ㣬ֱֵͷȥ
˼ô򵥣
Ҷ㲻ھȥϽ뿪ħ֮ѡҪǶԷо飬ǰħ
ҶȷʵûкʵĻ飬ҹҲҶԼе⡣
Ҷϲһ˶ϧħһûеͼû򵼣߽ȥһӶ
ŶԭղŵŪģ
˼ӣܿҶɲ壬Ƽ֮ȥ
Ҷ뿪ãӰӸһ뿪Ϣޣ˷֡
ಣ
˿Ҫ뿪ƼҵʱһӰ£Ҷǰһˡ
ʦãҪȥ
ϢޣҶ㾹Ȼ̽ⲻҲؾ
ʦ֣ô
ƺЩȻڶԷݣСʵ
ʦǲǴȥħ
к豵꾹Ȼ²ȥħ
ʦּȻ֪αʣ
ÿؾӣŶħⲻʲôϡ֮¡
ȻˣһͬǰҲȥħ˳顣
豾Ȼͬͬ⣬ֱҪһħ
Ҷ㣬ֱӸһߣˣϾ洫ӣǿòҲӵ
׷Ѿһ죬Ǻܶ죬ܲû뵽ԷǶסԼ֪Լ׼ȥغ
ˣʦֽһ£λҶʦܣҲ½ӵӡ
оһΣҶģھȻɹһԣЩⲻȥ
ɨһۣ񼸺ûʲô飬ֻԵĵ˵ͷͲҶˣҶԷкܣԷѹûнԼ
һĿһеӣЦһ
Ҷʦܣϣ㲻Ҫ⣡
Ҷ㴫Ҷʲô뷨
û£洫ӻͣǵİȫϵҲӡ
Ҷν̯̯֣ͬж˿ûӰ졣
ʱ䲻ˣǳɣ
豸ᲢУҶǵں棬
κ豶ͻȻ٣ǿдУҪ˦Ҷ㣬ϧÿθоҪ˦ʱҶĳԶ
üͷһ壬֮Уɢһ޵ɱƺҶ㣬̫ʶʱˡ
ں豵вҶ޶ãһޱĸں棬ôģֻҶԼˡ
˦˼û˦֮󣬺ֻ÷Ųһ·˵Цܿ뿪ƼҷΧһƬµ硣
ǰɣǣȥϢһ죬ʱħ̫࣬ǲҪż롣
豶ƺϤȥҶ㣬͵Ӱһڡ
Ҷʦܣɣͨħһǣܶ˶ϲ⣬һȥǾҪ˵ǻݵžӢ
Ҷ㴫ϾҶǵһƼôԶľ롣
֪ʦ㣡
ҶѾӦˣƼҵ洫ӶˣһЩŻǼ壬϶Ҳ洫ӣʥӳ֡
ȻҶ㼸ɣǵһ̣â˸ϢڴϣʵεĶؾأǼأѹûУֻҶ⡣
ѹִһʼ豾͸Ҷˡ
˴ڴ֮ϣɫɫˣ̫һɣǾڣȨԺɣ׷׶ǵӰڻζ
ҵһ¥ѾŴߣڽͷӶۣҲҵһӣ¡
Ҷʦܣ
ȸмĳ˵һ䣬Ҷ˵
豲֪Ҷǿ󣬲᲻֪Ϊ豲ųزãƼһЩ֪ĲǺܶ࣬˼洫ӣλ߸ϣʲôûм
豺ݺݵĵһҶ㣬Ҳû˵ʲôϾ˶ƼҵӣҲ̫֡


1032 ֮ˮ
֮󣬵һЩ򵥳Եģ磬ѾҪʳֻԵ˼һ¡
Ҷʶɢ˳ȥܵ۷׷״˹
֪һħۣϹűס
ҶӲԶɵĵ˽ۡ
ȻСǲ˻ˡ
Ҳ˵ˣϹʱڵһ̶˵һϵĴ˵̶֮Уһͷ۸̶϶йϵ
ϵ˿ʼ̸һ
Ҷʦܣ˵ûħȷһ̶ϧʧˣֻ޾ɳĮħħ֡
һڲˮҶͣϾĹ˺ܶΣҶ㻹ǵһ
Ŷ̶ô£
ҶҲȤʲô̶סֱ˼顣
˭ҲһЩżϼģ̶֮УƺʲôԽڴ˵أסĶ϶Ҳϱһλôˣ϶ҵ̶λá
Ʋ
Ҷ˵ͷѹסԲǷѹЩһ˸߲ҵۣԭǳ̶ȥġ
ԭʦҲ̶֪ϧ̶ʧʮˣ˭֪ڻ֡
ʱҶ̸˽
ʦ˵ûǵĿϣĥһʱ䣬ԵãֻҪȫС
ŷܵĿħʱ̳ΣգһǺһɳĮ̶Ǵ˵
ʦ÷ģڣ϶Σգ
豴ű֤
һ㼦Ƥ񣬵ϻǹŵЦ⡣
лʦ֣
ֿܿʼҶ㽻̸˵˺ܶħĹ£ʲô澭ɱ˶ᱦ飬кɫ磬꣬ޣܷһЩĶ
˷ֹһϹʱڵĹѨõ֮󣬻ʵ϶Ե˾
һħŴ磬ˮɫɫĺˮ֮£Ҳв塣
罣ˣ㣬壬ںףʵıǳԺףΪûǰȥܶ౦˼֪꣬岻ʶûں֮¡
Ҷһû뵽֮£ۣȻҲ深ܡ
ݻкܶණҶΪ֪ܶ౦ҶûἰҶѹͲ
ȻΪҶǿᣬǸ漸ʮľȣҶԵò԰ϾҶǴݸһֱæȥ˽硣
֣ôŵ
ڼ˽̸ʱһͻȻ֮һ˹ƺʮϤ
˾֣˼·е飬˼ʱ䡣
վ߹걧һȭ˫ϵһ㡣
ˣҶüͷ΢΢һ壬ΪԷȨԺķΣһȨԺʥӼ𣬸Ƽҵ洫ӵλࡣ
һ£λȨԺ˾֣λƼӵᡣ
˫໥һ£Ҷ㣬Ȼûиܣ˾ҲȥҶһۣ˵ĸˡ
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˾ϾȻѺ豸ῴһˣһǰϺ˼ʱ䣬ΪǸȥĵطȥˣŵʱ䡣
ԷԴǣɫ˲ƺЩˣӣֲ÷
ʦ֣˾ʦ֣ǺþûˣҪϢһ죬ҸҶʦܳȥ䣬ɰɡ
վҶ뿪˾¥˿ɱһĿ⡣
ʧϵɱڰͲסˣֱͷųܶʱûԸ
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СӲ֪ôȽħÿ
ҧгݵ˵ʮ䡣
˾˸ƺʲôСǺ豵УǿǸСӵƺûʲôĽ֮ģѵһԸ
Ҷʦܣ˼Цˣ
Щ˼ƣֱӵһ洫ӣЩⲻȥ
˵Щ㲻𣬵ﶼˣ
ҶЦһοҶҲߺĿһеӣӼԼһ𣬾ðɱ⣬Ҷܸо
ѵʦܾΪҵ洫Ӳֵ𣿡
¶ǸӣƺҶ㣬Ϊһ洫ֵֵá
ȿȡ
ҶˣϾ˺ܿɣǹ
ɣǺܴ󣬲ǣôͻȻӿ룬ǿջһЩ̣Ϊ
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һ˴ҶٵܹȥǰвΧۣƺ˷
Ҷ᱾û£˳ȺҲǰΧ˹ȥ
ҵһߵ㣬˳¿ȥڴ϶ţɱɢ
񵶣
һ㶣û뵽ˣҲħ
˭
ԴȵҶʵ
Ǿڵˣǰ͸ʢ񣬻δйһܣƾһһԪ̣ȫˣӶ롣
˿񵶵ȻǾڵŵӣһѾ˹ĪĵزϾﵽأޱȿֲȻ˾Ҳһս֮
Ԫ̵ĵӣһֽ֣Ҳδܹ񵶴Ԫ̣ΪսһϣһֻҪ϶ǲݣ˭֪ͷˡ
Ὣ˵Լϵ˵һ顣
һõһýǾţ˭Ҳ˭
񵶰սδܣˣ˶кʤ֮ģֻҪսʤ˶֣Ȼ󣬿ϧ˽ʮΣƽճ˭Ҳ޷սʤ֡
ҶܸӦɢֵ⻹н⣬ùᴩݣȻ˿龳ʮǿ
һһҶ㶼ûаսʤͻƵؾܿء
֮ˮĽ䣬Ҫÿ񵶽֮ˮ
ң֮ˮȻģ
񵶹һ񱩵ĵ޼ɵɢ
ãԸ˶࣬ǲһ徲ĵط
˵꣬һԾʧһƬĵطȥˡ
ȺʼɢȥΪһս˭֪˶뿪ɣǡ
ʦ㣬ʲô֮ˮ
ղƺΪһƿ֮ˮִҶ㻹ǵһ˵ֶ
֮ˮֻ칬ųÿֻһңֻҪһΣһ֮ˣ˲ָ˵ǻ⣬ǣֻҪ㻹һͿԻָܻûκκ֢
ҶͣҲ֪ô֮ˮֶ


1033 ħ
֮ˮļֵҶ㶼ǰ࣬侹Ȼҩ˵ӵһ֮ˮԶһ
ϧ֮ˮ̫칬Ҳ˶ܷãÿһζޱֻҪһΣܸʣһȥҲܱš
Ҷ㾪ȵӣ͡
ҵ֮ˮǿŵˡ
Ҷ㰵ڴлȥ칬䣬ܲҲÿһӡ
ĵ칬ÿֻһҲʮζѣΪˮҪپҪ٣칬ʮӣ˵ж˿ܵõ
Ҷһۣ֪ܲҶǵС˼
Ҳ֪񵶴Ū֮ˮҲʮҪ
ܴ칬֮и֮ˮⱾͷǳ򵥡
ΪһգȻϧ칬Ӣ̡
Ҷ̸Ĺⲻֳ֪һˣɷǣʮ꣬էһǶʮꡣ
ǰʲô˼
ῴһӣʵ
ʮ֮ǰʥŮаħо綾Ψ֮ˮܾΣ˶ĽʥŮһǰ칬ɱһ洫ӣȡһЩ֮ˮΪ˾ʥŮ
ӾȻ֪ȥ
ǰô֪ġ
ôҲǶʮ꣬ԳƺΪǰҲ
Ϊ칬ִߣ
˵꣬˲ʧԭأԭ׷ɱ񵶸ģһղҶߣ̸
Ҷ㶼ûп壬ôʧģ·ֱ˺գƾʧ
ӿ񵶸ΣˣȻ칬
Ҳû뵽˾ȻΪͬһŮˣϧ칬ŭ֮£ɱһˡ
ʦ㣬칬Ůôеġ
칬һŮӴ󲿷ֵӶŮӣղִôǸеġ
κһţʱˣᷢ仯칬Ҳˣ칬ȻŮɣų϶ŮӣӼ١
ܼ칬ӣһǾţȻ칬ȡ
͵ñȸղŵӣʮ꣬ȻҶ㶼͸ӽ˾ʼɢɼ
ȺɢȥһȦ׷׻صջֺ豻Ⱥǡ
ȥˣѵ֪ɣʮΣ𡣡
Ҷ˵ЦĻɫĿ¡
лʦֹģˣȻȥϢ
ỹǸӣǴЦ⣬Ǳһľ룬ҧгݡ
֮£ݺݵĵһҶ㣬ϧҶˣҲȥϢȥˡ
ص䣬ҶĿ鲻ŲʣԼ鷳ҶҲ⣬ҶԼɱҶ㲻նɱ洫ӡ
Ҷɱһǰĵƣнһʩչħ
ҹԽԽӿɣǣΪ죬˷֣ħٴγ֣ÿһ̶ۡ
һҹ޻
賿ҶֺܶߣѾ뿪ɣǣϵطֺѾˣߣվˣȨԺĵӡ
Ҷһ̣Ҳˣ컻һ£ĳ¶豵޵ĿһᣬһĨռ֣ܿȥ
ΪˣȻǸӦˣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǰڶԷ洫ӣ͸Ҷ˽ħˡ
˶ˣǳɣħ
豼򵥵˵һ£ԭȨԺ˾ԼˣһħȫҲбϣ˫໥֣Ͼһνħ̫ˡ
Ҷں棬ȨԺǰ棬ں豻˾ϣ·ϲϵĽ̸ʶ˸ֱ治塣
ַģֻҪħСǰͷ󣬻ٴˡ
˾Ѿܵ˺豵ɱ⣬иħҶǰ棬ΣգҲȥܡ
һʱ䣬һ޼ʵħˣɳ죬ڵ˵ߣʶȥױ顣
Ҷüһſѿһϸ죬ϴεõԪ֮꣬ѾſһЩ
һɫʳҶǰ˲һ磬Ҷܴ͸գֱħ⾡ͷ
ףôһƬޣ
֮ܿ޷赲Ҷߣħһš
ȥɣ
һ̤ħ
Ҷ㣬ʵͣӦǰ·ԼΪʲôΪΣգԵ㻯⡣
һһҶ˵ħȻ¶ҪɱԼҰġ
Ҫֹǰ棬ΣյģʲôͻϮޣ޷ܣ豾ȻҪҶǰ档
лʦֵָ㣬ʦʹ·
Ҷ㾹Ȼûоֱܾߵ˶ǰ棬ʼ·
ݺݵĵһۺ豣ȻҲ˳ȥҶ㲢С
ҶʦܣҿǹģҪСģħΪ⣬ܷУǱҪСļСġ
ɫѵ¶һ֮ɫҶ㴫

Ҷ˵ͷȻ֪Щ˲⡣
ô˻ᣬҶۣ֮¿ȥԶвӰζŵӣħˡ
ͣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶǰͷĶסǵȥ·
ħС
ϳЩĶҲһ࣬ӦóħΪγסǵȥ·
੣þľһʱˡ
һʮͷħСҶ͸ۣ֮ĿЩСԭаһ壬޻һҲϲľΪʳ
ȨԺӻк豶ˣû뵽սħħСֹǵٶȷǳ졣
ȨԺ׼֣ȴ˾סˡ
Ҷ㣬⼸ͷħСͽ㴦ˣΪƼҵӣӦö¿ԴԸһѵõĻᣬúõĥһԼӣС
һĳȫһָ֮УȴϷʡ
ʦ˵ļǣЩôͷʦֳ֡
Ҷһ޺ӣͽһ飬Ҷܿڽ赶ɱˣҪħҪԼ
ھǷʱ򣬵ƾһ豣Ҷ㶼ûаɱһ˾ϣȨԺмĵӣʵ׷׶ҡ
ʱѰ·ҶڷܣֻҪлᣬҶŹ象
ȨԺ¶֮ɫ֪ĻıǸŪԺˣҶ̵ı£˶࿴һҶ㡣
ʱ䣬ҹȻԸ
Ҷ㳯ħСȳһ䡣
੣С֪࣬ڸ˭˵һһ塣
ħСѹûнҶЩɵ豸˾ϣֻ˲вǡ
ǵٶȽռݾԵƣȻɵǲ£ɱˣÿǵľ


1034 
ħСѹûнҶϾҶؾľ磬ҲҽħѰ·
룡
ħСһЦҶǰԸ˺豣ֻýŭйħСϣһץǰħСץ¡
ಣ
ħСֻһСȫɫһԼӵһֻ޴ĺӡ
ħСʧһ̣ҶҲʧˣգֱӽħСץסˣһס˸ղ˵ħСӡ
һҶٶ̫ˣȻصٶȣһصɱٴɢ
ڱصãѾ׷˰ʱ䣬˺һš
꣡
ָð˳ֱӲħС棬Ѫ溬оҶյˣ˲仯ΪһƤ
ЩħСһһҶ㣬Ҫ֣ҶѾˣָԸħСǲٶȿѣʵҲҡ
꣡
һһͷħСҶֱץѣҶˡ
Ӷ̶˲䣬ҶնɱͷħСʱˡ
ҶӰýϵɱ⼸۳ʵʣҶƳһۺ豣Ҳ¶һ˿ɱ
ҪͲסˣҪҵᣬǡ
Ҷһ߻ħСڷתҪѺ豼ˣͻɱ֡
ʱ䣬ʣµͷħСˣҶҲû׷ϣָջأϻָž޲ӡ
ʦ֣ǰϰѾ
Ҷޱĳ˵
Ǽɣ
豴ΥĵĿ˫Ѿ棬ڶͬӣ豲Լ֣ڸǽҶȫɱ
һ˿Ǹ⿴Ҷ㣬εҡҡͷܿ豵ɱԽԽŨ
ʦ㣬ǰǧ֮⣬һСͷγɣÿǡ
Ҷᴫۣ֮ҶĿһжܻɳӰ졣
ã
¶Ц⣬һֱҪѺ豣ϧûлᣬҲ֪ΪʲôҶ㣬ǧ֮⣬Ŀǰ塣
һ˼·ҶͻȻı˷򣬳һȥ豼Ҳ⣬˼νҶ˽ᣬðְš
Ҷ㣬ǰ
豷ЩԾܷ˱仯Ҫȸղǿ˲٣γɷĸо
ʦ쿴ǰӰζҪҪȥ
Ҷ֮ԹһȦΪԻ豣ֱӽǴĵطһ豷֣϶ֻɱԼ
˳ҶָȥǰȻӰζû˵ʲôͻȻҲ⣬ǰߡ
ᶼǲ⣬ղҶԼĵطλòΪҶҪһȦӡ
סкɣû𣬸Ҷ㲢ߣ߽ܿһɳشԽԽŨ豶ЩԾ
ΪǰղųֵӰʧˣ꼻һ֣ӦһͶӰͨ䣬ԶӰ䵽
ʦ㣬һᵽǰʮ׵ĵط㳯ҲȫǰҪͷ
Ҷ㰵иᴫԼƶ·ߡ
ã
ȻҶ㣬ҪҶġ
ԽԽ󣬺Щͷˡ
Ҷ㣬쵽ȥˡ
ͻȻһȣ־ҪҶץȥղ߻ֱܷҲ˵껰ĹܵԽԽ
ʦ㣬ߣ
ҶͻȻһȣߣԼϺ
ûԥһǰȥʧʱ豲ŷֲԾҶƽ֮С
Ҷ㣬
豴һͻȻӿ죬Ҷݺݵץ¡
ʦ֣һʵǿ󣬺úõЩɣ
ҶͻȻʧԭأȫ֪ôʧģ
ͻȻ֮䣬ܿɳɳռҲʼȶƺܵͣԶɳϱĻɳĳû¡
СӵȦˣ
豷ĺУհ䣬ȥɳȻأҲԴѳȥ
Ҷ׷һķ
ߣ˵ز˾
ҶûͣٵԶ룬ⱻ׷һҶ綼ᱻƺ
ҪɱСӣ
˾Ϸŭܿûڻɳ֮УѾȫֱ治ˣԽԽࡣ

һȨԺĵһɳֱɫ䣬Ҳͣȫܷɳȥ
Ҷ㣬ˣ
豽Ļɳ³ʮǱѵڻɳС
һʱʱ䣬ҶͣѾ۵
Ҷʦܣôģ֮С
һ֮ɫҶ㣬û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼһôľ֣˦ˡ
ɶѣ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֮κηͷ˷͵ʱ䶼ˣԴһƱȽϵ͵ĵط
γɵһ̣Ҷ뿪Լûһɳܶסһʱ䡣
ƾЩѲס豼ˣܵһЩҶҪ߻ǲȦӵʱҶȻĲóɹ󷨡
ȻҶ㲻˵Ҳûм׷ȥڰ˺豣á
ҶʦܣǸô죡
֪ѾҶ㵱Ĺǣʵ
ղ˳Ǳ߿ҾòѰҲȥ
Ҷָָķ֮˸ǱдӰ
ã
˵꣬˺ܿʧԭء
ں豵ˣСʱ䣬ŴɳӳһɫĿ£ȨԺһˣֻʣˣɳ档
豣Ҫһͣ
˾ͷɢǳ֮䣬ȨԺˣʮֱŭŭǨ͵˺ϡ
˾֣ܸѾˣֻҪץСӣһֽ˾ִá
һ¿ˮ̵ı飬˶ˣʲô£ֲġ
˭֪ǲǺϻԸȨԺ
˾˵꣬ʣ豰Χ
˾֣ô˵Ͳˣѵ㻳֮Ĺϵ
˽ԼΧ豺ܲˣɫʱ
ãһΣץСӣҪúõ
˾ϰ˰֣˻ϱҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷʦܣһݺ豣ԲưոݣһһȨԺ
ΪҶ㵣ģһССɳ󣬻ɱ豼ˣһ϶ĹҶ㡣
һһһҲĹңΪβȳԵࡣ
Ҷ㲻Ϊ⣬ֻҪСһ㣬ħôô
Լۣ֮ܿԲʮ֮⣬һʲôҶһʱܷ֡
Ҷô˵Ҳ˵ʲôֻǸоȫԽԽ䡣
ôͻȻô䣡
ƽ˾ղȣȫһأħÿһλͬﻹļ仯
Ϣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬һֺıǧŻ᳤һöɣħȻˡ


1035 ļ
ܵĿռ˼ı仯Ҳһ޼ʵɳĮñѳɵ磬ֱ͵ȫһ硣
ⲻܣʧ˼꣬ôͻȻ֣ô뵽
ץץԴЩܲˡ
ħ޾ΣգؽҲұ֤ȫˣΪﵽǻûеͼ߲ȥ
ϻûпģħ֮Уħڣ̾Ҳһѵʥء

Ҷͷһ£ʧˣƺ뵽һƬء
ħΪĸ磬ӦļֱǴﶬڽӦǶħļʧ˺ܾãҲûгֹˡ
᲻ĵطħǰҲļûг֣ܶ궼ûгֹ
Ƕֱ˵°빦
ô£ѵΪس˱仯ļҲ֣֮
ҶἰݵعѾڳֱ仯ǰıһЩصĶ֮У¶
һȺԵļԪܶණʼį֮УǱڵص֮£׷׳֡
пܣϴηҲط仯ҲڸıŸ֣ƺһ޴󶯵Ҫ١
ˣǵ÷·Ҳἰֻûѣ˿̿ʧ֮õļ֣òѡš
ߣǽȥƺѾв߽
Ҷۣ֮֮񿴵һƽԭĵشһɱңǳ֮
Ȼˣڱ²򣬾лͻƾ硣
ܿ¶ϲ֮ɫ֪ħļ֣϶иӿ
˻̵࣬ٺôٺô
һʩչĳĲλȥһ޴سǵǰ
ԶԶȥֱӣӨ͸ɢ󱦹⣬̷һöкܴĺô
бƵҩľѲϣÿһöޱ󡣡
ῴűҪժȡȴҶˡ
㿴
Ҷһָǰϣһ߱ʬڽӴһֱ̣ӱסˣϵϢҲؾֵס֮
գ
ᰵգҶֹ϶ԥȥժȡ϶Ǿʬһֱӱ
ĵشֲѾ׷ϥ£ʼĿȻòϧձľΪ
ˣ˫ۣž֮ɫҶ˾ַ֮׷ױ۾
Ҷ㣬Ҳɣ
ᳯҶ˵ڱҲĻᣬ
￿ΧǺ㣬ߣ
ɷԲǲŸ߽ķΧĺλûûȥŸŨ
ֻøҶߣ˲ʮʱ䣬ͼֲסˣҵĺϮȫɪɪ
Ҷ㣬ܲˣڽˣ
촽ʼףȫðź
Ҷüͷһ壬Լڻûʲôоʮľ뵽棬ʼ壬Щֱӱա
Ҳһ󷨣˴㡣
Ҷóʯһ󷨣ᣬ
֮ҶȥԽԽŨ
Ҷãӿһ̣˷ܵĺҲвֱȥժֶһʬ塣
ҶûᣬǰЩʵǿ֮ȻҲ֪ԽĸǾŨϵ롣
ܲסʱֻϥ£
Ҷһյʱ䣬΢΢оЩѾ̤㡣
ܿ죬˽Ų룬ʶһɨʮˣؾϢʮǿ
ףǸСֻؾȻôԶ
һ˷ɻ֮Ҷ㲻ؾȻôԶЩض޷߽ڲһٲ
ǿ󣡡
һ˵
Ȼ֣߳ûг໥ɱΪҶôһűһ˿ģԲ⡣
ߵĹ̵УҶĵļ˾ħʼľȻľǳǿ󣬽һ֣Ҷ͸оͻƵס
ٴһյʱ䣬ЩٶԻһɫࡣ
Ҷʱʱ䣬豼Ҳ׷׽룬ħĵһӦþǶ֮񣬴ӿǧ
ǧ֮ң˽Ҳ޷ռųϵߣ׷ѡľ
ǸСһץҪ
豲²⣬󲽵ĳȥ
˿̾ܿʵԽߵߣߵԽԶЩʵСģֻڱԵشǳ
ûˣҶŻ˽ŲֱӼħһöȥ

һöҶɽ˾ħ֮УΪһɫҺ塣

Ҷ㿪ʼŨľֱӹע֮Уֱӽ֫ٺҶо̩
رۣ֮ƺϹĶǳȤϵľ
Ҳڻһöٴǿһ֡
ö棬űҪǶժȡͺˡ
Ҷ㲻ϵļħһööժգۼĹ򣬾ժٿű
ûżգЩȳȥƵҩԸõա
Сӣˣ
Ҷձ˷֮У˿֪˿ˣһϢҪȺ豼˻Ҫǿ
ҶͷһʮӰǰҲϣĵش
ô£ıʧˣ
һͣס壬ıʧ˲٣ɻ֮
ղҸоǰӰζһǱ˲ժˣ
һ˵ղǿҶıӰԲ²⡣
ܣҷ˾ţ֮ժȡһö˭ôı£һժȡϰö
һ˵֮УŻ֮ɫЩš
֮治УûʲôܵģǼʶıϾݡ
ʮͬΣݾţͣ룬֮ȻǿʱΣǡ
˰ʱʱ䣬Ҷۣ֮ڿԿɣһӴϸֱҲʮҡ
ֱ˭Ҳ֪ű˶ˡ
ϧҶߵЩԲˣʵܸһ
ܴˣһʱ䣬ҾͻƵؾ
ҶľҶͻƵؾ


1036 
ԽߣԵþӨ͸ʱϼ֦⻹ҶӣɢɫĹâ
ľֱҪŨʮҲֹÿһκԼˬ
ÿһƬҶ棬ƺԼ磬ϸȥеɫѪҺŵ
һ꣬ô꣬ѳɾˡ
Ҷ㰵²⣬ܿҵһεĵط׼
򵥵Ĳһ󷨣Լʱ˴
ˣ˭֪ûгˣҶҪСġ
ϥ£ħʼ뵽Լ֮У۷忪ʼɶľûһ˿ʣһˮ
Ҷֳһʶڲ̽ӹȥǾ鲻򵥡
˼ǧ϶ӵǣһ̤㣬ܺ޷Ӧ
һչ࣬϶һʧЩıԴڡ
Ϊ֮۵ĹϵҶܿÿһƬ磬˳ɣʶȻ͸˽ȥ
̣
Ҷо꺣ͻȻһģȴ˫۵ʱԼ뵽һ߰ɫɵ硣
ƬɫλãƯһöɫĹΣһӤ˯
ǧˣû뵽Ȼܽҵ档
һɣˣȻǴŰɫĹ淢
ǰꣿ
Ҷ̽Եʵ
ûҾǱ꣡
𣬿ϧ͸һ䡣
һƬţҶ㶼֪˵ʲôԼȻ뵽ڲ꽻ˣһ˵ֱ˼顣
һɲҶ꺣渡֣ǾһıԼ̫˳ˡ

ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ꺣һУһҪռҶԪ
੣ҵ˼ǧ꣬Ϊ˾ǽ죬֮񣬾ΪҵһҰԺɰʡ
Ҫ
ҶӦˣԭԷǹԼڲҪռԼԪ
ûұ漸ǧˣÿοҪЩվ̶½ȻԴҲҪȡǵԪܰԻγˡ
ûҶ㣬Ϊ޷뿪ʧȥ꣬ͻݽߣΨһİ취ҵһ࣬壬Խ뿪
Ȳݽߣ˺ĸԴ뿪ֱһá
һǲףΪβֱΣ࣬Ҫ
࣬һЩľʱˣ飬ս壬׻ΣҲмǧ꣬ΪβֱӻΡ
СӣͲ֪˰ɣħ磬ֱӻ뿪罫ᶯңҵһʱ䣬ͻ⵽ĨɱԶҪ
겻ϵҶ꺣ҪĨȥҶʶռݡ
Ҷ뵽ǰδеΣǻ˺üǧ꣬ǳǿʮҶԪҲֲ꣬Ԫʼ롣
੣ΪƾЩܽķΧҹǽͱ֮
ԭһжһıʲô֮Ǳ򿪣Щ˽ڶȡ
Щ֮УֻԪ⣬ҵȵ˻ᣡ
ʮ˷ܣʱйʱģ֮Ҷ㲻ϵ룬ҪҶ
һжˣҶʱʮ˳ûһ˿Ϯض޷룬Ȼǿ󣬻ûǿ󵽳ؾĵز
ֻһֿܣǱҶģĿľӽλãϢ֮أκ̤ɢҲܡ
һʱһѣƾҲȡҵԪ񡣡
֪ȥҶɢһɿɲɱ
ΪԷҵĻѾﵽٵɼ𣬳˽٣Ȼû˿ֹҡ
귢ЦһʳҶԪҪ׵ռݡ
ٵɣ൱ڶȹ׽٣ݣֻһЩϹŶŴﵽĸ߶ȣԼĸףҲ˾ûжȹһ׽١
ɽʧܣΪɢɣһ޷ٽһɹһΣҲͽһʲôʱŴ׽٣ܳΪˡ
ţھ׽ٵʱʧܸգر˰˴׽٣һ׽ٵʱʧܣɽ磬ֻôһ֮ң
ѣֹ죡
ǰ꣬൱ٵɵĻ֪ǶôĿֲض˲ѹ
Ҷޱ飬Ԫɢ貵ĹâƺڵȣȾɱһᣬԼ곹׾ͻᱻĨȥ
ô£ΪξԽԽˣ
Ĳ˷׷̧ͷɢľԽԽ٣ʼĵش£
ΪﲻӰ죬ܶ˷׷׳мشȥҪոΪ
Ĺͻ˾硣
þĻôģССؾԪ֮Ȼأֱ˼顣
ڲʳҶԪ񣬷֮̾
ȣ
Ҷڵȣ
Ϻޱ飬˫ȭֻһ֮ңʱͻƣͻơ
Ԫƣͻƣײħ
СӣΪʲô
곤ֱ룬Щףһˣ˶ˣ϶ֵϳȥ
ʼգҶ㶼ԭأûκζƺˡ
ҷ𣿡
Ҷ¶һߣԷ»ԸǿĻѹƣԷ
˵ûȷûãҷһ˲ʳ꣬Ȼôһᱣһ˿ʶȥʱ򣬷ȥת
Ҷ꾹Ȼ󷢴ȱ㱣Ҷһ˿Ԫ
лĺ⣬ϧҲҪΪҪ׵ĽĨɱ
ҶͻȻ¶һ˿׹⣬Ԫ֮Уһǿ⣬֮ì
ȵþһ̣ҪӽԪʱ֮ìˣһɻϢ˳ɫ׵磬Ҫǰǿٱ
׵ʲô֮ǿĻ֮û̬Ķµľ׵硣
ҶҪԶԷ걻ʳʹ࣬ʹֱʹҶסˡ
ʲô
һû뵽ҶԪӰ˿ɲĶ׵磬溬ɫϢ

شĲҽΪҶ͵Ϯ޷Ӧֱӱ֮ìС
СӣҪɱ㣬׵Ľ𣡡
귢ŭˣղŻǴԪ꣬ת֮䣬Ʋִѷ죬֮ì֮һЩطԶ޷ָˡ
Ӧ㣬һСС飬ȡԪ񣡡
ľҲһ֣Ȼֻ꣬ɳ̫꣬Ծ㣬ų֮Ϊ
֮ŭʼزʳҶԪҪľϵӿԪ֮Уġ
ľԽԽ٣ˣЩֻվ濴ȥ
׷ʲôˣΪαԽԽС
Сı˶Իˣ׷Ҫһ龿


1037 ͻƾ
ҶԪڿٵıʴ֮ìٴγ֣ݺݵĴ¡
һκȻ׼֮ìµһ̣Ȼ˹֮У֮ì
˫סˣֻҪ֣֮ìͻ£Ҷ㻹Ǵƣֻӳʳʱ䣬ܳ׽Ĩɱ
֮ìʩչһΣԪҲһּģ׵֮ݽߣҪһָľ⡣
Сӣ⣬Ԫ֮УȻ׵磬ȷһ㣬ѹһҾ͸Ӧˣ
귢ੵЦˣѡҶ㣬ֻҶԪ񣬶
Ҷ޲ߣڲԼĿƣʶԽԽģ꿪ʼռҶԪҡ
Ҿᣡ
Ҷһҧ⣬һɾѪðһ飬Ԫ˲٣ʼγս
ûõģڲҾԴԴϵҵʳҵģ˳ò˶ãҾܳռԪ񡣡
ǧ꣬ڿ԰ɴ
𣡡
һɺ֮Ҷ֮ϳ֣Ÿ￪ʼת춴緢ǿҵıһ˿˿֣֮γһҪҶԪڲ
벻ֻҪҶԪӳͿˡ
֮㾹ȻС磬㵽˭ѵĳת𡣡
һоһ֮СС꣬һԿ·һ
Ҷһ㶣Ÿݱ̬γһƬ춴磬һ˿Ҷ㲢ʲôԭ֮
֮ԽԽǿԪһߣ귢ŭˡ
ѹ
֦֣Ҷסˣȫʧȥ˵ֵҵĺ˲ʴҶ֮С

Ҷû㵽Լڱ棬Է꣬ʱԵ
⵽ϮɪɪһЩطʼӲĺض޷ֵ˵Ҷֻǿҡ
Ҫ𡣡
ҶЩڿһ£Ȼʹòϣ似ԵΪ
ʶһɢҶԪȣԵޱС
ϴħҪʳҶԪΪԪ޼Ҷ㽫ħնɱ
ĻҶʮϰٱ߸һȼ֮ìҲ޷նɱ
ҶʶҪɢʱüͻȻһ£֮ˡ
һɺ嫣ϣ͸޾ɣˣ뵽һƬ磬ҶԪһɫ
ǱҶױǴʥشģһֱǱ棬ը
ʲôΪ˹ϣ
귢һУ걻һɫʰ޷ʳҶԪ
ΰ
һɲֱ֣ӳѹȥҶʥشŹ֮Уһ˿֮֮ױ
㾹Ȼ񣬻ɲĺ񣡡
ƺ֪ʮӦˣǺ
˶жһСС飬ռֱ֪
Ҷȫˣû뵽Լһƺͼˣдһѡ
ֱ죬Ҷǳ׷֮ӣͼԼһѣɺףԼ⡣
Ҳһһ׽ѹҶĹ򳹵ʧʧˡ

⵽ѹҶ꣬ôŨĻ㹻ҶԪͻƵؾ
ҪˣҲӦŹҰɣ
꺦ˣ֮ѹԭأܶ
Ҫģ㲻Ϊ𡣡
ҶŲϵ֮ʧˣʱ꣬ҪڷʳԼԪճϵ⣬׸ˡ
Ԫವһڲ˳ص˱֮С
һ̣Ҷľ˲ͻƣﵽس۷壬Ҳһ̣忪ؾԪҲڲϵͻָտɴ
ħ
꣬һСЩɢҶŹôŨľͻƵʱá
ÿһͻƣҶҪԪƺݣҺޣҶѰôҺ
ԽҶԽԽֲͻһС磬ͻһ󾳽绹Ҫ¡
öҶ˽ϵľһħ֮УԽԽСߵĶѾԶЩߵע⡣
ľǱ߿£ȥˣ
˳žķ˵߳Ҷ߿־̾ҶͷϿա
ǸСӣ
ɫһ䣬ϳоҶϿգˡ
ôܣһ֮ôе
𾪵ľֹһˣǲţǧˣǰҲ˴ڽһϴա
ҿɱ
һѷĳҶҪɱҶ㣬
Ҷʶһɨֵܳ۵ףһھ£糹׹ͻƵ۷塣
Ҳȹس۷壬Ԫ֮Ҳﵽسڡ
ԽԪԽԽѣǾ磬
ߣ
Ҷ㲻ٳɣ뿪ԭأʧȥ꣬ʼήľҲʧҶѹھħ֮УԺͻ֮á
СҪߣ
Ҷ㻯Ϊһ⣬ߣһЩؾһǿ⣬ֱӳҶѹ

Ҷһȭͷһļֱɳȥ
ôܣ
ɵļؾɫ䣬ǾȻһصϸˡ
¡¡
ڴʱ֮˱仯ѷ֣һ޴ĺڶ쵽޾֮С
˭ħ磡
һϵ֣˳źڶ˳žħ
ãħ磬ʧȥѹаħͻ˳ͨ˼䡣
˲伮Ҳ֪ж쵽ħ֮С
ħҪ磬Ҫ򿪼ؿڣݾһҶ㻹úȻӡӹ̡
Ҳһʧȥ˱ħ˳ͨ磬ʳľǡ
ߣ
ܹħû˸Ҷ׷׳ȥ뿪֮
ֳһƬңҶ㣬ʧӰ١
һʱ֮󣬶֮ʧһɶ壬ʱʮǿӰ¡
ʧˣ
һ߾ųߵըףڵħƺЩ⡣
綯Ҫʼˣǿ콫ӡֹħĵ
϶֪Щ˵ݻϹһʱ͸Ӧħı仯
ʮˢˢĽӡħ׷ӡסˣҲֻӻħ˽ʱ䣬ӡһ춼ᱻħĥ


1038 籩ǰϦ
ʱħһ㶼ƽΪļĳ֣֮һһʮʮ٣ܿ촫ħ
һľ㹻һ˾ߣһߣ֧ŵٵɣ֪ô
ɱһҪȡ
һƬߵɳĮ֮У˿ʼ׼ɱˣռΪС
Ҷ뿪˶֮ԺٴλصħĸͨѶ˲˾벻ǺԶ
ܿһӰӳҶ֮УϴŹɫҶ㣬ƺˡ
ʦܣںܶ˶㻢ҿǻǸϽ뿪ħ⵽ǵĶ֡
ȰοϣҶϽ뿪ľͻһ硣
һʱ䣬һЩ㹻ͻƵؾ뿪һжȽϷ㡣
Ҷһץһŵע뵽棬ߵľ˲ͻƣﵽؾ
ʦú繮֮뿪ħ
Ҷ㵹뿪ħԼɣͱ˶ˣڳȥħȫ
Ҷ뿪ЦһĿһֱȵسȥȶ֮ҶʧӰ١
ɱ
һƬɳĮ֮УҶһȺ˵׷ɱӿ˵أΪѰҶ㣬ȡϵ
СӣȰԹԵóȻݹǲ
ΧҶ㹻ʮˣʵߵҲؾεҲؾѾսʮУҶɱˣҲˡ
ʲôʱ򶷻𵺻еϵһ˴ҽĹ
ҶЦһסǵǶ𵺵ĵԼɵĵӣҪҶϵ
Թű߾֮һϰĽɫҲռľ
ɵ˫ǬűЦ⣬ߣӦӵգпͻƵغڣؾ֮УҲܸõὣɶ
ûӦӵеģǣҿԱ㰲ȫ뿪ħҲ֪ħѰ㣬˵ѷɡ
𵺵˫Ÿͣ˶أš
Ҫϵα˵ôûʣͿûˡ
ҶʵͻأԪﵽأҲͻƵڣأû̫ѹϲ
ϵķԼһкܴôҶ㣬ظˡ
Ȼ㲻ʶôǾݹǲˣɱ
˫һȣٴγ֣аؾ˫˫Ǭ
úãҵĥʯʵ۷壡
ҶɱⰻȻɱɢʮֲֿ
ָ
Ҷָһ㣬һµӡǳˣֱѹ𵺵ӣ޻֮ﵽڣ˴ԪԪֹǿʮ
꣡
ӰֱӻΪһ࣬ʮֲֿҶһָɱˣ˫Ӧʱ䶼ûС
СӣɱǶ𵺵ˣˣ
ԼͬʦֵҶ˫ŭ
ЦѵҾӦǵ𡣡
ҶһЦһɿµƳԼϮ˫Ĺˡ
ն
ɱ¾֮ˣһݺݵն£ֱƿ˫ķ
䣡
Ҷһθؽ֣ǿ˺ݺݵĳȥɳĮ֮ϣҶסһ
ԼĹΪΣ˫ɫǺܺÿأȻ洫֮УΣҲʵʵؾȻһɱؾ
Ҳˣ
ҶӦһ£ԼԪؾ似ǿ󣬿һս
Ҷ㻹ɱһ֮ìԼͫȱЩǵƣҶʱҪá
ڶĳˮܿϮһ˫Ǭһس֣ҶѹʱӴ󣬻һЭ
Сӣʲô似ҿһ
Ҷ˫һ֮£ܰȻⶼҶ似ǿǬ֮ġ
Щ˵ҶֻЦҪϧһеĴɱԼסԼֱǿЦ֮
񣬳֣
ҶѹԽԽ󣬵أҶ뱻ؼлҶüζ
һɿɲ־֣ףΪɱģ˫ݺݵն£ޱȡ
ʲô
˫һղųֵһޣΪͻȻΪһ޸Լն£Ʒǳֲһ޾ƥ˺ѿռ䡣
ƣһն˫Ҵ⣬һնƺأҲһȡ
ǿһ𣬾һ磬ЩֱӱɳȥҶץ˻ᣬɱ¾֮һɨ
ۣ
Ҷٴνɱˣ˫ǬֱţԼĹ֮£Ҷ㻹ܴɱˣֱǳĴ
ģ
ɱ£һ޾Ĺ۳ˣɳĮƺһγ룬˫ɫϵ·һըȻ£Ҳܲסɱһ
Ҫ
ԼǱģ˫˫ĿԲһɿµƳ֣ղžȻʵ
ûлˣ
ͫȱ
ҶͻȻʧԭأһˣ˫о꺣һʹ˲ʧȥʶ
֮ìɱ
ҶһһƳ֣ͫȱ˫˲ʧȥʶ֮ìˣֱӴ˫Ļ꺣֮С

˫һĲҽԪֱӱ֮ìУʱ䣬˫ڵĺС
ƾҶڿס˫Ҳˡ
Զ˫Ǭɫ䣬Ҷ㾹ȻԽսԽ˺üնɱؾ
иղǹƺҪսȥǿֲ׵֮СôôֲĶ
޽
˫Ǭһһƥ֣ҶݺݵϮ
ʣµļصӣֱӱ񱩵ɳȥ䵹ˡ
Ҷɫһ䣬㱻˫ǬƷɣʵ˫֮ϣϷŭһޱȡ
Сӣ
˫ǬĺĽ˺ѿռ䣬һڵĶѨˣأѾ˺ѿռ䡣
Ҷ䣬ɱ¾֮𣬰ν֣һ̣ʲôͫȱ֮ìʧȥ塣
ͫȱʺ͵ϮöԷһ
Է׼ʩչͫȱһʧܣ⵽ɡ
ʩչһԺ֮ѾϣʩչҪһʱ䡣
ߣһصжôǿ󣡡
ɱ¾֮Ϊһƥһһ˳ȥһܿռ俪ʼݣܲסҶ
аɲɱ
кһаںһϰνҶ㽫ݵ˼¡
ɱ۵˶㣬Ҷûɱ⻹ǲŨңΨǿɱ⣬ðνӳ
䣡
˻δսһܵĿռ俪ʼҵı


1039 ɱһ
ҶĽ֮ϣǴķģЩҶ꺣֮еöʩչ似ʱƲ֪Ҳܼӳ似
ʣһȻ֮ɫҶʵȻԿؾôܣ̫˼ˡ
ƽʱЩŵӣһŰ裬ĿһУʲôû쾹Ȼսأһˡ
Ҫ֪ҶӵоŸԪǳ˾űħ֮壬ǿһͿҶԽս
Ҷ֮Уһ˭ĺâб䣬̹ǵĺ⸲ÿһռ䣬ǿˣһϣһն¡
ϣ
ûʲôڵĶ磬ÿһγ֣һ仯ǴȻ
䣡
Ҷһˣǿ˻˫ǬҲһɳĮһĽӡ
ɫ죬ղһñ˴˶ɵ
𾪵Ļ˫ǬԼȫһֻǽҶˣδˣֱ˼顣
ˣ
Ҷһһɴ⣬䣬ɱ֮ɱⱩӿһԵɱܷıҶɱи֧顣
ʲôϢ
˫ǬоһҶеĳ֮ɢļ£ͻͻֱ·Ҫǻ
ÿһȥҶϵɱһ֣еɱ¾֮ҲøӴ⣬ɱݱɵĳ
Ҷ˶㣬ɱɲɱֱҲܸܵɿµɱ¾֮
һ̣ɱ¾֮ˣЯƥ⣬޾ɱ⣬ϧ֮ϣһͼ
龳
ҶĽ˿龳⣬顣
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ǵӿȵҶһ֮УʩչУ˵µɱҶһѪˣһѪɱ
˿ɲɱ˫ǬȻһˣܲס˿ɲɱ⣬ëȻⲻʹõ似Ψʩչһ
ÿһﶼһѪѹסˣȻȻûз֮ģǺεΰ
һ֮Ҷϱ˫ǬסһѪ
ҲҪҿǵɵʥӣһССϣ
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ⲻܣ
˫Ǭ屻ɱסˣΣʵһɱǰԵ΢
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似ǰɱһ۷弶ɼ似ʵ½һЩɼ似ܱ⡣
һԶ־ѣſɱ˫Ǭ
ƽڽһǣҶǵһʩչɱһܶطϤɱƶҪȸղٴǿһ
Ѩ֮еȫ뵽ɱһУ۳ɺһ£˫Ǭû
ııģ
һ飬ҺҶܼʱһöһƬߵϣղżսĵطһ޴С
־ҵı˼ʮʱ䣬ܲŻĻָƽҶ㾲վڸߴ飬ʹһ˿
ɱһҶԪҺþħ֮УŴ
Ҷץһֱ˽ȥ﷢ˮ˲ָ߳ңʣµҪָ
ݵɳӣдؾֱӱըˣ˫Ǭſɳ棬֪Զ˫ûž֮ɫҶ㣬Ԫ񱻷ϣʱҲһˡ

ҶһУ˫˫Ǭ˾ħ֮Уħ֡
һϱĺǵ﷢գۼĹȻֹΪһž䵽Ҷڡ
ղŵȫָ绹΢΢˲٣رطԽԽǿò˶ãͻƵڡ
ط򣬶ҶܴҶԼʱ䣬ֻҪЩ򳹵׵ĸԼΪһͻأָտɴ
ߵսѾ˲˵ע⣬뿪ˣ
Ҷ㻯ΪһӰʧԭء
ħʱ̳Σ̫ˣֲǲֻ֮Ҫ̤ħĿܡ
汻˶ˣҶֻü룬ԽߣΣҲࡣ
һΣһͷغޣҶ˾ţ֮ŴĿѳȥ
ǣʱ̰к¡
̶̼칦Ҷ˺ü׷ɱûдģһЩߣֻҪڣڣҶȫնɱ
һ·ϣȡԴǳֲ˶ʮţҵˣһϸͣڶҶ㡣
֮
֮ˣԶԶȥԶһƬⰻȻǴ֮񣬴ǻȳһ׷ӿȥ
֮ҶӶһգڳ˴֮񣬵ȻڴһҪõı
Ҷ򵥵ʰһûżȥô˽ȥһ˷֣϶ģΧԵȵǽʱҶŻ봺֮
ֻ֮֮֮ͬһ֮һƬޣ滹޴
ʵһ磬½ʱ֣ʱ궼һΡ
ʱ䣬һ磬ɳҲܳΪ
ŵ棬Ҷʱ̾裬ǳ֮󣬾㼸˽Ҳһˮ뵽˺֮У׷ȥѰұȥˡ
ҶҲ⣬һ䣬ʧԭأ֮ȥ
ǵ棬һЩҩǧңҶҲ׷ײɼ
֮ıǴʵһֹʵ̷֮󣬿һ磬ƺܶߣǳŴʵȥġ
һЩͼҩҶֱӷ弱ٵǰܲɼһöʵҶͿԽͻƵغڣڣҲһս֮


1040 ʵ
֮󣬵̽Ҳһʱʱ䣬ܿȷ˴ʵľص㣬˷׷ǰ
˳֮Ψһһɽ屼ȥҶ֪Ǵʵˣŵ˶һǰ
ҶóһöңͷϣϵϢɽ崦ȥ
𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣡
֮ʼζ޺𣬵֮ϳִѷ졣
˾ޣ
Ҷһľ޵ʵҲغ۷壬ӽ˾Ҳνʱ׽ٵĴڡ
۷֮󣬿˾ѡ񲻶ȹ׽٣һѡ׽٣Ҫ׽ٵŭ𣬳ɣһΪһٵɣΪһμŬܣΪɢɣֱӻɢ
û뵽ⴺ֮棬˾ػػʵ
޵ǲ࣬Ҳ֪ر̷ȥӵС
ʵ˼֮ľڱ
ҶΣϵĿɽ棬ʱۼǧҡ
Ҳкܶˣûлᣬ׷Զ룬޵Ĺ
ʶһɨҶ㷢ʮţҶǰܵаħС
ɽ嶥ϣһʮ׸ߵľöӣǴʵ
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һʴɽ̾ȦңҪժɽ嶥ϵĴʵҪһء
ŷ嶥öʵֱһĭҪ̷ȥһöһ硣
ⴺʵԽԽʱժͻᱻͷɵ
һϣȻ˾ôˣһͷֻҪɱ˾ʵǵˡ
һվ˳ܴܴڳÿһ˵Ķ
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̴Ϫ˵ĵǼ򵥣ʵֻöɱ˾ôˣָô֡
ղ˵ӽ̴Ϫ޻ҵĴӣȻҲħ
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һЩظͣǿɲڻңȥɱʱȴ䲻κκôϾкܴһֶظ֡
͵øƾˣ˭б£Ȼܻȡʵ
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ʱ䣬ǰһ룬ûԶǲģϣһڳˡ
˵ûƾ£ǰͷסǵȥ·ȷҪһ𣬲ܽɱ
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ݣ
ڴʱӰ֣񵶸ҲˣȻ칬׷ɱ
񵶣칬֮ˮȻܵ
칬ʥӣʥһŭȣ߻վŮһŭĵſ񵶸
¶죬ͲҪ˵ˣƾǼҲɱңǵĳˣûɱǣʵʵĸұ졣
񵶹Ȼһ۳ʵʣ˿칬ʥ
ǽҾ̸µĵ
˵ںȳ⣬ʥ²ҲǱһǿɱ⡣
԰꣬ĿΪ˴ʵʲôԹȽʵõ˵
̴Ϫվ˳ֹǼȥʮţʮֺ໥顣
𣡡
ۣһҵĺУɽ忪ʼζͷѿ̸۵ף֮У¶м֮ɫ
ಣ
в˳߿Ǽǿ£Ҷһ豳ˣȨԺ˾ϻһ
м˾ȻҸĪ֮ˣҲͲסˣ׷еӳ֡
յ蹦ӼһңҲ̳֣Ǿţһ֣һߵǰ档
֣û뵽Ҳˣ
Ī̩˹ȥ˶Ц˼
ĪֲҲ𡣡
Ī̩վһ𣬺ȻƽʱĹϵ
ҸӼҵ洫ߵһʱܿݵĲ֣һЩվһĵӣܶ˵ʡ
Ҷһ棬һɨ˲Ϥףܿһ֮һ
ħڵ˾ȻҲˣ
Ҷȸħڵ˴ղˣȻħڵˣһ˺׳ħǱĵӡ
Щƽʱʱ򣬶ڱչأһ֮ӣڼ廹ţصĶ󣬽֡
ڳͷˣĳ˲˵ҪõʵȻҪһأϣҶܳڴʵҪƾλֶˡ
̴Ϫһκ޻ָݵλԳߣڳǰƻҵĴӰңûķء
˶˵ͷ϶ƾ£ֻöڳϰˣֿ϶ǲ
ãȻˣǶְɣ
ܷܷ֣ɢһɱϢ
˵ݣ˭ȱԴȻҡ
ǵ̼鲼ݣμӱɱã֪Լĸ䷢׷ɱһֱû
Ȼ֪Ҹ£ҲǣЩȥˣȻûһ֮ӸҸ߽Ϊն˿һ𣬾Ǹһ߱ʬһ
ԾԾԣʼ׼أ˵Զⱻ˲Լ
Լ뿪ǾΪ㣬Ҫǣ⽫ֱնɱףһλᣬ뿪
̴ϪȻȸ˵һͨԼ߸ãϾ˾ľһǾ춯أ࣬ܿ˾ȴûС
΢࣬ǾȻҵϣͳͳҪ
˵ˣڳ˶Ĥʹֱס˶䣬ֻأֵܵ
֪ôȻˣǾɱ㣬ڶȡʵ
̴ϪѹҲûָÿгһ֮ǻʼұһöӲȨȣȨơ
˽֮⣬һţһֶԸһͷ˾ľ
䣡
ʽһؿʼݣܲסܼķ仯
𣡡
һŭǰ˷ĽֱӱƷɳȥȻ޷
˾һܽشɣҲ̫ǿˡ
Ҷھ棬̾ô׾ͻܡ
ʮӰٴε似ʣ棬صĴӡ似һ𣬳ݺݵն¡


1041 ֮
һɨͽ˹ļʮֱɨɣ˾Ҫǿ󼸰ٱһ
ڳЩ˶֮ӣһ϶طƣ˾ȻûôǱڶĹ֣ܿһХͻȻʮ˵ͬʱһɣҪâ޾Ĺ⻪˸
䣡
ɽһѿܲסǿĹҺþĹסɽ壬ݣűɽ屻򴩣ʵͻһա
βٴγ֣ʮɨȥϿɲϢһЩسڣȻ޷
ʼŤܵĿռ䳹ױңЩߣ˵ԶԶģֻм˻ΧڱԵߡ
ҶйעʵǺöÿһöޱҶʲôʱʡ
ҲҪˣ˼ɱ˴ˣǱսʤͷ
ŴҳƺڶɽϵĴʵһлᣬȥժھϵζóһǲˡ
ҵеЩС̴̣ϪһһȥеȨȷ貵ĹâҫǻʼҲ֮ܽն¡
ⴺʵҪˣ
ϱһɿֲϢһĵˣݺݵĳն¡
Ҷ㰵ľԼڵϿ񵶣߲һУƾһͿɱԼݵʵ̫ࡣ
Ҷ֪Ÿûнħڱչأؾʱ򣬲Żء
ЩֻǴһţƾһˣͺɨҶ̫࣬ҶѹԽԽҪõʵ
ĸ棬·ϵʱҶ˵Ҳһۣں̵ܶʱ֮ڣΪ洫ӣڹͻغڣһɹ洫֮УŽǰʮĴڡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҲˣгΪ⣬Ǵ޽ް壬׽Ԫ̵õԸ죬
Ԫа˵ħҲΪΪǲ˵ڻħ幦Ҳвˣ๦űȽ⡣
̫ɵĺ칬ĶʥǧѵһţӵԽս壬Щŷ׷׳֣ܿγΧɱľ棬һǣƾһ˲乥
𣡡
ͻȻһŭɶһ£һɿ񱩵Ϣ֣ļʮֱɳȥ
ۣ
ʵȽϵ͵ߣֱӱƷɳȥڵѪ
ڴʱҶһӰͻȻˣɽ濿ǳžɶһ̣óпյλã嶥ᴺʵ
ǹȻ˴ĵǱȥ
ܿͱ˷֣ӰѾɽ֮ϣٶʮֹ죬˷˼ǣƺɵˡ
ħڵˣǶĿƣǵûǶԸȻȥժȡʵ
˾Уħڳǧʱ䣬ھȻҲˡ
ʲôˣҸҪ
񵶷ŭˣһ䣬һն£ֹǵĽŲʵǶߣˮһա
Ҳ£ʱ䣬һһס˵ĽŲ
ʦ֣ȥժȡʵｻǡ
ħڵͣ׳˵һ䣬ȥժȡӣ취뿪رȻ˾Ҫ۲
ã
׳ûгɣԼʦʮַģȻܻɱǣӦ㹻ˣħڵǾ¡
ħڳ̫ˣ֪ħڵǿ󡣡
ЦǱ̫꣬޼ɵʩչӴԺҲħһϯ֮أƫɽ
˻һ䣬ɫˣаϢ˵ӰҲʧɽ£ɫǡ
һܣҽӴЩ壬Ȼ˾ľҲ˼ɵ֮ġ
ħڵа֮Ϊϣֱ
̴Ϫɽ屻˶ɫĿ£ǹȻ˼˱ˣôܲŭ
ҾͲˣ
񵶲ţֳ䵶ݺݵĳɫȥһƥĵ֣һΪһߴӣҪɽ֮ˣʮƾܲժʵ
һ֣նҪժȡʵҪ˵Χ
̴Ϫһÿһαնɢ٣ò˶ãͻȫɢ
ھ¶ɺ֮ɫҿԶԶıܿϣƴܾˡ
޵Ƿǳ֮ߣУԲóȻǰڵȺᣬħڵ˳֣Բù̴ϪЩˡ
Ϊħڵ˳ˣԭľ棬壬þԶԶܿɽ·ֱʮֻҡ
ԶһЩ߶ˣҪһлҲȥᴺʵ
Ҷۣ֮͸̨֮۵ʱ򣬾ȻԼÿèһҿ
͸ÿ׳ɽ֮Ͽٵǰмʱ䣬ժʵ
ˣ
ҶһֱڻᣬȵЩ˻ɱԼȲһöʵ϶ͷѪ
ħڵ˲룬Ҷڳ˻ᣬЩЩ˵ǶҩҶ˵ǾǲҩÿԲ֮ۡ
һԾʹ֮򿪣ǲܷУҶ㲻ԣӵʹ֮޼ɵķС
Ҷʱ֪Ϊ˵ħؾʮƣĵΪؾ֮УҲǲܷС
סķ򣬻γɵʱ򣬲ųãԪӿʱվͻγһ֮ѹ
Ȼ֮ʹ֮һȶҶֱӽ֮УЩ׷ÿ޷ҶγʵԵ˺
ȥˣ
Ҷ˲û֮У˿ˣûпݡ
ը˹ղŻȥֶһˣһöӣһʣˡ
Ƿˣƴƿʱ䣬ʼȥػɽλõɫ䣬û뵽óеƣҲֹֻʮʱ䡣
ಣ
ҶͻȻɽ֮ϣһ̣һӰˣҶվʵǰ
㣡
Ҷӷһ֮ɫȻʶҶ㡣
ûң
ҶҲϳ˴ˣħڵ׳ȣйһν档
㲻ߣ㴳֮۽ҿһ
˿̴ʵԵòҪֻҪõۣ֮ܳΪ𣬴ӴԺͳ塣
Ҫҵۣ֮ûᣡ
˵˲֮ۻ׳˹ȥ
ôܣ㾹Ȼۣ֮
׳һȫ벻֮ۿŹȥʱ䣬Ҷͽ֮۳ɹֱ˼顣


1042 ͻΪ
׳һȫ벻Ҷ㲻壬ôܳɹ֮ۡ
ɣҶħ֮Ǳŷǵ⣬ǰ֮ȫҶ϶Ϊһںϵһ
֮Ҳڶ̶̰֮ڣ֮۸Լȫںһ׳Խܡ
ȴ֪ǺҶһ־ãöۻݣۣ֮Ҷ㳹׽֮뼺
׳һ£Ҷӵۣ֮ûи꣬޷ɱҶ㣬׳ͺܲġ
Ҷ㣬֮ȫ뵽Ҷһ̣׳֣֮ܿһҲ˵Ҷǰͬ衣
ڻкλ˵ʱ䣬
ɽºԽԽܶ˿ʼҶҪսپᴺʵ
ߣΪ֮۾ͿԿħ𣬾㲻ƾ似Ҳܽɱ֮ۡ
Ȼ֮۱Ҷʩչ϶ˣֻһ취似ɱҶ㡣
ǲ
Ҷ㿴һ£׳ҲڣԼҪɱܣǶԷҪɱԼҲôס
ûжķϻ׳Ҳ֪ʱȵЩ˵ۣ֮´ʵ䲻
ɱ
׳һ죬һɨ֣дҪʳҶꡣ
ʶһҵĽ
νˣһնеĹһʧӰ١
ͣ
ݺύ׳һҶ嵭дĽ£
׳ɫ¶һ˿֮ɫԼظ֣Ҷ㲻һصϣȻԿԼֱ˼顣
ҶĶҲ֪ʲôطͨƷԪѹֱӻΪ촷ۣҶòױ©档
ɽ洫֮ٴϯû˺вһ䣬ֱӱƷɳȥѪȾ˲񷡣
Ҷһս̴ϪѾҪˣʱ䡣
ħգ
һڵĶڳˣöʵ˽ȥٴһն£׳һ
Сӣң
ʵʧ񵶷һУ岻ҪĳҪһҶն¡
ϴڶ֮
ϳҶ㣬ڶ֮ʱһΡ
ʲôԭߣ
üͷһһɱ֣Ϊˣ칬׷ɱûн붬֮񣬵ǵ֪һ˵ߣ֪˭û뵽ֳˣ˴ʵ
̴ϪҲһ㶣ŽãȻΪ֮Žħ˶һǿ˶֮񣬾Բ
ΪļศɣһһҲԶˣǽĿģΪ
Ȼϣ֮ˣһǺĴʵۿҪ֣ȴ˺һţ˴ʵ˭ܲŭ
ŴʵҶڴ׳ҲǴŭ֮òʵҲҶߣһҶѹȥ
ָ
ҶͻȻڿնʹ֮ˣָһ㣬ɽͻȻݣ˿ʼˣΪǲܷУֻܶ㵽ȥ
¡¡
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Ҫɱ
ʱջĵȻǺ豣ҶһǰҲͻƵؾ˺豵׷˴ͬһߡ
һ·ϿϣȻŴεõҾڣһжĹ͡
һ̷ȥ˴ʵͻͻƵغ۷壬ɱϼѡ
˿̣һǱΪ˸һЩϴصƣȴҶһˣõöʵ
׳ˣ˴˵Χһˣѳȥ
׳ʩչаҶûлɽ棬˵ףħڵ˸Ҷҵ˻ᡣ
ѾԸȥˣħѾҶСӲҲɲȥֻҪħǾлὫɱȡʵ
̴ϪɫҲһδȻٲɱ֮
ҿЦû뵽Сӵֵزˣ⼸£Ҳյسڣһѡ
ûʵֻܰһξ磬ڶηþûκô̷һöʣö
񵶵˵ͷֻҪħħޱߣҲܽҳ
Ϊܶطṳ̂㣬С׷ɱҶľ룬󲿷˿ʼɢȥ֮ûбҪȥˣϣܴ֮֮õջ
Ҷ建һƬɳ֮ϣķУֲʩչԪ忪ʼܲסˣһʹԪУͻᱻѹҶһֱ֧֡
óʯҶ㲼һ󷨣ԥóһöʵֱӷȥ
ǰĴǵˣҶҪʵЩһɱԼ
ɱ˫Ǭ˫Ҷȡ˲Դά֣Ҷ㲻õͻ֮Ԫ
˺棬ҶÿһͻƣҪԴƿֲеĿֲɱ˼洫ӣϵԴҲҶһͻơ
ʵֻˮСҶ̷ȥһɿ񱩵ľըëйբһ㣬һ־ֱ˳ëʧˡ
Ҳûа취˭Ҷ㾳̫ͣⴺʵطãһ磬οҶأܶྫ϶޷ա
ˣ
ͻƵĻҶԪ񣬴ﵽڣʵǴȻĹ屦¾Уûһ˿ʣڱҶ˽ȥ
ϧ޶ҲΪʲôڴ½һ㱻̭ԭΪ˺ڣԽԽѣü磬ΪҪ̡̫
Ҳ˲٣س۷ĵزֻҪͻƵأҲӦ
񱩵ҶصŰʼͻƾ硣
¡
Ҷ淢һĺ¡ڱڣѪҺҵķڣ繭ң
ÿһԪĵܵըԲǧףΪһƬյش
Ҷľ˲غڣڲϵۣգۼĹ򣬾غ۷壬Żֹͣ
ͨˣһöʵü磬ϧҶֻͻһ磬֪Ҷôֲ
ͻ֮֮оŸһ飬ҪˮһԪܲ
ħѷѰ˶ԪҶҪʮٱǲܡ
һץһҶ˽ȥΪ޾ʼҶġ
ȥҶԪڷıǣŸ￪ʼҪᾧļڳ֡
ᾧԪŻֵҶأȻͳˣֱ˼顣


1043 ˼
Ӵ뵽Ҷ棬˾ͻ֮ĿС
ûдҶ㻹ͷۣȻдʵҲ޷ԼͻƣΪϸûôĴԴ
һ˼ʮľ֮࣬ƾЩͿ԰Ҷؾ
ŸһЩطʼнᾧļ߸Ҷ֪
ãأܽԴ֮Ľ׶ЩĽˡ
ЩųԴ֮תԪΨһͨԪ޷תԪֻȽԪתԴ֮л׽٣ȡԪ
˾ȣеԪһתתԽ࣬ʵȻҲԽߣҶӵоŸҪܳһʱתܲȫתɹһδ֪
ñһţȸǳȵģˣȻͻӣҲǿĵĲȻҲʮֲֿҴʱ䣬ҲҪһͨʯųĶöࡣ
Ҷĺȣѽһַ˼ĵزÿһޱȿֲҲΪ
˴Ҷ㾳ͣغ۷壬һʵҶյһɶ
棬ϼ⣬ЩԴ֮Ÿȣֻǲ׺һȫתкԶԶһ·Ҫߡ
ǸС
ͻȻ֮䣬һȽҶ㾪ѣ˿ħ׷ɱһˣȻҶ㣬ȡֻȡ˴ʵҪɱҶ㣬Щ
ҶվԶȥʮӰӳԼ˹
侳غ۷壡
Ҷʶһɨ˽ǵʵ
Ҷ㣬û뵽ּˡ
׻˵˼ۺ죬ǰվҶĳˡ
ʦ֣þò
Ҷ㱧һȭǴŵЦ⣬ȻǺ豻˾ϣһһȺˣҶ㲢ʶǴ·װӦӼ֮ˡ
Ƽ֮ˣ϶ҿһ
豺ܸˣ˵ĶҪû뵽ʱ䣬ǵһҵҶ㣬бｫǵ֮
˾Ҳû˵ʲôϴЦ⣬ҶĹԹԵĽһҲΪɣܻܲ뿪ħͲ֪ˣϾҪɱҶ̫ˡ
ˡʦ޶ۣʦ˵ʲôѵʦֲ˼֮ͬˣҪͬɱ𣿡
Ҷװһ޹ӣź豣ȻżԷ˵
Ҷ㣬ҪΪ֮ͬ˵ķϣ㽻һȻֱӽɱ
̲סˣû뵽Ҷβ
ǻҪлʦֵĲɱ֮
ҶǸһ˿ЦϴѣѻΪһѿݹǣҶɱŨֻ¶м֮ɫѡ
Ǽʵ˫Ǭ޼ڵʱҶɱ˫ǬɱǣֻǶ˼˶ѡ
һʵͻƣҲ뵽ؾǿ󣬼ϸɱ϶ΪһغڣҶҲԱ֮
豣ûУ˼ҸǵĺôҪ
٤һЦ⣬һҲΪ֮Žħû뵽ôãҶ㡣
ظ֣֮ǰĻ֣һӦֵܷһöʵΪţҶõ֮һ̷һöҲ²ˣҶȷ̷һö
ɫͻȻɱ⳯ҶѹҪ֡
ȻСӲ֪ôҳɱڰϵĶʱȣҹζ࣬˷
һ˳ȨԺһʥӣа³һ⣬ҲһݲӣһĴ֮
ܻôãһĴûմȾһչҶǰ
Сӣ㺦ȨԺüӣҾѪȥĵӡ
³һȭֱҶţҪһȭҶ򱬣ΪҲһɲϢɢǳ£֮ͬУ޵еĴڡ
ܽسڣ³Ĳ򵥡
ȭĽֱӴ򱬣Զ˶ǴЦ⣬·𿴵Ҷ㱻³һȭ򱬵ӡ
ƾ㣬ʸ񣡡
ҶγսپһĴս˵⣬϶ӵʱҶ·µˡ
ħ֣֮ȭͷ֮ϣҶѾ˶ʮöѨֲǺˮһӿ뵽ֱ֮УһµĺХ
ȭͷΪǣֱӳһ𣬾һ磬Ǻз籩һϯȥ
䣡
ɳ죬ڵס˵ߣֱ治һҶ㣬һǰ³ֻĹͷ֡
꣡
һĹͷˣһҽУһӰɳȥѪȾ˲񷡣

ɱ¾֣֮һɨڵʯ֮䷢ҶٶȷǳĿ죬Ĳ˼飬κ˷ӦĻᣬɱ¾֮ˡ
ͣ
һŴͷ­һγ˵֮У³Ųʵ񣬿Լ壬ԪͻȻϣҪ˵ء
ûлˣ
Ľس֣³Ԫʣ̶һʱ䣬Ҷ㽫³նɱٶȣ似ںһ𣬼ۡ
⡭
ʼϲ³УҲڱһɱһǿ֮ϡ
Сӹ죬Ҳһϣ
ȷӦĻǺ豣һ·ϣҶܶϢڼ壬ɱ˫նȻ˫նʲôʱҶ㲻ؾ
ǰãѹӵƷ磬ǰ۳ϣִ룬һбҶ򵥣֣Ҷѹ
Ҳɣһ֣Ի죬纣ХһҶûҶܵǰδеѹ
֮У¶ɺ֮ɫµɱҶǻ֮бҪһУ֮ˡ
ɱ
νǰνаУɢԣǿ龳ÿһУÿһʽԼԣԼ仯
֮Ϊ޾ĳ˵ĹҶһն޷ͻҶķ
һۣӱ˴˵֮УŨŨ𾪣Ҷغ۷壬ͻأɱǣ뵽Ҷֲ츳˵ɱŨҡ
˺ܿٴսһ𣬴ĺأʮּ̣ռѿ˲ָҶһˣ࣬ʩչ˼¡
񲻵򲻵ѣܶãǵΣʱ̣Ϊɱﵡ
ͫҲһ׵ʩչͫʺ͵Ϯ֣ͫʩչ
ǰҶΨһõĳֵֻаνазӡȱˮأһֱ޷ҪӿѰˮˣһӡ̫СΨкһſԡ
ָʺϴ֣ʺһһΧָֻܶԸһˡ
Ҷ㣬ԹԵľܰɣһ˸޷ȥ
һԾ޴һɨҶǰӡʵҶ㲻Ҳˡ
ʦҪʦʧˣ
ҶͻȻ¶һ˿аЦųһı˹켣Ϯ


1044 Ѫ·
ǹڣףҽտ֣Ҹǿ٣
ź豵ľƳԼϮҶ㾹Ȼ˷˹ͻȻĻߣ豺ն¡
ʲôʽ
˷׷סˣҶ㾹Ȼ˴þ棬ǵһĹ豣طŴ¶
˾ϼ¶Ц⣬ΪҶ㻹̫ˣ˼лܷĶԸһˣⲻʲô
Ҷ㣬ԸһҲ˵Ĺ
ܲףҶˣеһϡ
ֻҪ㹻ˣ
Ҷ˿⣬ͻȻӿ죬Ϊһ⣬ͻȻһ棬ɲɱɱ¾֮ϱ

ͫȱˣֱ̺豵Ļ꺣ҪӡҶǰص˫ƣͻȻԭأǰһ
ͣ
ɨ˺豵Ĳӣͷ­߸߷ԪδϣĽ͸飬ĶףԼΪͻȻ֮䣬ʧȥʶ
䣡
ͻȻϮҶ֮ϣΪ޾ˣҶݺݵ˳ȥ
ۣ
һѪҶϲ԰һЩƴˣնɱһֱΧҶѻɱһˣȥ϶иǰ
˾ϻ٤һ㶣û뵽ҶôݣƴˣҲҪնɱһˣҸ޷ܵǣҶһֻܵˡ
ǿȰ³ǿ
Ű³ʬ壬˾¶һ˿֮ɫسһݣû˿ɡ
ȿȡ
Ҷ˼һѪ˳ɫÿˡ
Ƕ
Ҷ̷һЩ˵ĵطָܿɱ¾֮ɢֲɺɫϢɱ⳯ûȥ
ûͣһöڵ˹ȥսپҶʱ뷨
ս춯أ϶Բע⡣
ɱ
һˣҶ뺣ֲϢ˾ȻѹƵģɲаһ̣޼ɵʩչÿһα仯˾һ亹
˾ԽսԽҶʵڣôܣôģʣΪĬĬš
ʽ
ɱͻȻˣʽ֣ΪҶо˿Ҫսˡ
꣡
٤ɱһΪȾɳĮ棬֮У޾Ĳʡ
ɱһ
Ҷʩչ˾ɱһ˾һӦɱֱ֮ӹᴩ壬֮ǰǶ˶ȴʲôҲ
ʣһӣ¶Ȼ֮ɫһˣȻҪߡ
ն
ɱͻȻΪһ֮⣬ݺݵն£ҲӶˣҶֱնɱ
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˭֪
Ҷ˶̶̼ʮʱ䣬նظ֣⳹׵߸Ƕ֪ɥʧ˼
ָһ㣬ŮֱӻΪ⽴ָѹ
дֱָħ֮Уʼ
ಣ
ԶƿʮӰٵĿһɫؾغڼС
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Ҷ㲻ٳɣΧסʮҲɱġ

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صϢΪʬ岻ˡ
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пܱʬˣ
񵶴Į֮УǱ֮ɫ
СжԳ򣬿ħУжԳͱǶס
ҧгݣûгֻ·³ˣһδαҶߡ
ӣҶ뵽޾׷ɱ֮УȻڿзУҲһ׶ˣΪһУֱӱ¶Ŀ꣬޶ܷУֻһܷУȻҶ㡣
ÿӰ׷ȥҶ㲻ʩչԪУһʱҪ䵽֮ϡ
ʱ䣬д׷֮£Ҷ㲻׵ʩչʹ֮
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һʯ֮УҶѪһ֮ǰһսʮͬʱΧҶ㼸ƾնɱˣѳȥ
Ӧþ⸽ǽҳ
ʮ˳ʯǸҩһҶüʱˡ
ವһʯ֮д˳ȥһ콣ն£һ⧲һնɱ
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¶ЦݣЩ׷ɱڽҶΧһҲѷɳȥ
Сҵģ˭Ҳ칬
ʥżŮҲ֣ǶһضҶ㡣
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һ໰һöʵı˭Ըһ
ûǴҵģ˭б¾˭ģ
ҲгˣʥŮûгֻ֣һصӻȺ֮С
һаҶϵɱԽԽŨЩҶͻغڵľ糹ȹٴͻƵĸо
ǵѪͻҵΪ
Ҷ䣬źܵ˲併͡
Բѣ
һһצҶץ£ٶޱȣ۷壬ʵǳǿ̫߳ࡣ
ɱ
ɱ¾֮һ䣬Ľݺݵն£磬Ϣ޾ɱҶǻ
ЩһҰģԼܵõЩǻҲǻԵǲɷ˵ҪɱԼӶЩԴ
ܿ죬Ҷɱһɱذϲ֫ϱԽԽ࣬ЩأֻΪڻңһ򣬾ͱˡ
ʥһӣҲһʮǿ˿Ҷɱ¾֮
䣡
Ҷ屻˺ݺݵİΧÿһγǸǴԪҲҪҶ
һأڣҶѹԽԽѪٴ
ۣ
ѪҶɫ˲ޱȲ԰ס
СӣԹԵ־ܰɣѳȥ
Ҳǰľ˶˵ΧҶ㻹ܼôʱ䣬ЩԽܣеҪɱҶ㣬ȡϵܡ

ɱ¾ָ֮źҶȥǵѪٴεȥֱָնɱһһնɱ׬һ
첻ܽǶɱԼҶѡͿ͸Щˣ㽫жóĻķŹԼ
ô࣬Ҷ㿴ˣҲˣ㽻ǷŹԼˣأòһɱԼ
Ҷû·ֻһѪ·ǰ


1045 
ѪɣҶǰһĿӣһпɼǡ
䣡
ҶӲƴһƣɣԼҲʥУʺѪҺ֮ϣȾ˲񷣬Ҷ˫۱ԽԽɺ졣
ۣ
һѪҶһˣɲ㽫⽴
һ˲ʣֻʣסҶ㣬˿̵Ҷ㣬֮ԭأ޷뿪
ʥҲһ˿֮ɫΧҶֻˣֱ˼飬ҡҡ׹Ҷ㣬۽һ˿֮ɫ
ɱڹϷֱ
ʥҲ˵ԼϷҶеıˣһ֮޷ɱҶ㡣
ûɱϷֱ
˷׷׸ͣû˸һ˳֣ΪҶѾ̶ĵزһԷƴпܾˣ˭Ҳðա
һ㣬˷ĳҶƽɲɱ⣬ϢҶѹ
ɱһ
ɱ˶㣬˸ҫأ̤Ʈ磬Ҷ㿪ʼû·ԡ
СӣԹԵɣǻῼһȫʬ
Ҷ㿪ʼƴǵʩչɱһҶԪһδαɣָҶԪԽԽ
˵ĳЦΪŨɱ⣬ɱһһХݺݵն¡
Щ֮УֻкЦЦʹޣҶһҪɱľ
ɱһɫ䣬ղһ֮£ͬȣһ
Ÿ۳һԿٵأ޾ķһҶŭڣɱһеơ

Ҷһͷ転Ⱥ֮УĺУֱֳֳĵˡ
Է転һҶ㣬¶Ȼ֮ɫȻ˭֪Ҷȫˣֻһˣ˵Ĺ
ң%&*ģΪʲôֻһˡ
˴ֿڣҶеȫһϣȻûѹ
ҲҪᣡ
٣ˣ״һ˭ҲҪʵƴģ
Ҷˣû·ɱһ۳޾ɱγɶɣһḥ̂ʥ޷ֱֵӱɱһƫλá
ҫӰ
ûأԼɱʩչӰ쵽ӰӵĵزҪҶɱһ
˵Ľ潫и֧飬Ҷ㱾ˣǿʩչɱһϼˡ
ϣ
ɱ¾֮ն£ֱƿӰ
꣡
оԼеĳһѿԼİȻҶһնϣԷıѵ
䣡
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Ҫ
˫ָһӴɱ¾֮һâ֣˫ֱӱ飬Ϊһࡣ
飡
ݺᣬֱӱɳȥ˫ʧûڵѪ
붦ѹ
Ҷһŭ붦ˣδأͿһ޴붦£ݺݵϡ
ĺıһ붦ûɱһ棬ȴ붦С
ֻʣһ⽴Ԫߣ붦Ĳʷǳأڰ֮ϣֻѡ
ڴʱ˵Ĺˣһӿ뵽Ҷͷ֮ϣҪҶ㳹˺ѡ

Ѫս۳һѷ죬ı˺һȱڣһѪҶֱӵ̵ѪȾ½
㱻˦ףҶŵ֮ϣλԪӽݽߣҶܵǰδеΣ
Ǹ֮ңܿ콫ҶٴΰΧһ¶֮ɫ
ˣһȻ㲻֪ôֻýɱ
ȵ߳һˣͶһЩȻǼõġ
ҲҶ¾ˣ
Ҷóöҩ̷ȥָܻ٣ϧ̫ܵˣЩҩ޷ٻָ
һЦףҶƽΪһ뵽ˡ
ֻû뵽ЩƽʱһòȻȴ˱ɣࡣ
ûлɱˣΪ
Ҷ˲ԾĻһǸо˺󱳷Ҷ̫ˡ
ͳһھһ˵ٳɣ׷׳Ҷ֡
һ𣬳ҶûҶû·ֵסֻ
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һУȫðһۣ˼£˿Ԫĵʮأֻ
䣡
Ҷ˳ȥɱ¾֮һݺݵն¡
޾˳ˣһȦмشٴηֿҶٴαƷɣһεľԶ
ۣ
Ҷ㵥ϥأɱ¾֧֮Լ壬ȫѪϵƸء
ʥɫٴһ䣬˹Ҷ㻹ûһɿµ˼άʼӣڵģҶ첻϶׷ɱ
ɱ
ûκԥǲһҶ¡
貵ĹâҶ룬Ȼվһ˿˿µɱӣҶûжˣʩչ֮һЩطʼѷ졣
ն
ˣһն£ǵأķ˼ռһΪס˵ȥ·
ģģģ
˵ĹֵסˣನδҶϯֱƷɡ
һ㣬ٴݱ䣬ɱģʽˣն£ҶҪڳʱϢ
ҶñķʽֶβԽսԽҶĵƾȻ֮ࡣ
һƵ
ʥһȣͻȻ󣬳ɱɨ£Ҳˣɲ似ѹ
ͣ
˵ѹ֮£˺ѿǵķһֱնϣѪ䡣
Ѿǿ֮ĩˣеɱﵶʹóԪľɱĺʱ
ɱΪһǣصҶ棬ʥ֪Ҷеĵƶľˡ
նֱ۵ƣһҶ㿿֮УǶ񶾡
ͫȱ
˿ԼʮʱҶü¶һϸ죬֮۳ˣһ֣նֱ۵ʶͻȻһ㱡
֮ìɱ
Ҷɱһһɱһ˫׬һ
飡
ӻδӦֱըΪһֱ࣬ӱ֮ìը
ʣɫ䣬Ҷ㣬似תٴνҶɡ
䣡
ҶʵʵĳһֱԽɳ֮У˹ȥѪҪɿˡ
Ҷ㵹زʣ˲ķ˾裬֮ǰɱһˣĸо
𣿡
ȵ겻ȷҲҿǰ˭֪Ҷ㻹ûɱﵣʱ˭ҲԸͷ
Ӧˣ˾ҲԶˣ
һſ϶Ҷڵһ϶ˡ
ֻжʥüͷ΢΢һ壬ΪоҶ۲ܵȻĿ£Ҷȥ


1046 
Ҷ㾲ſԶɳϣ໥˿Ȼûһ˸ҿǰ
ղҶɱһĿ˭ҲȥһҶװ뻢ڣװ
ڵȵȣʮӦˣ
ҶϢǳ΢΢ĲţǸܲҶ㻹ڣԶΪҶˣֻЩģڵȵȡ
һļžҶԪоҪݽˣ봩֮УȫʹʹҶҪֱȥ
ˣһƬ꣬ԪӽݽߣҲûһ˿꿪ʼɢ
Һû꺣֮УŻԴԴϵͻҶűԪֱӸɿݵ
Ҳһ̫ûɣҪػҵˣҵĸĸȺСС
ҶҪŭȴԼ촽ֻܶһ˿ʶδɢʶɢҶһˡ
ǡ
ʱҶ洫ǵƺܵҶ־ǼƿǷĶ
Żķֽ뵽Ԫ֮УħʼգΪҺ壬뵽ҶŸ
ݽߵĵѳ˸ɿݵѷ죬õ˸صЩɿݵĵ棬ʼϣһһСˮ̶𽥱һݱɽӺһ޴ĺ
ҶʶҲѣԪصڣղŸоԼҪԪϣҺû꺣ʱҶżק˻
ܿռͻȻһ󱩶۳ɺҶϯ
ãȻͻˣ
ʥһȣ˭Ҳ벻Ҷڱһ̣ͻ˾硣
ûȫͻƣǿɱ
꺦ˣҶغڣֵܵǺüιɱˡ
ҪͻƵأȫתҪɱҶ㡣
ʥںˣΪǵľ֮ģҶ㴭Ϣ˻ᣬղֱȥ飬ڲһȻд޽ɣҶҲɡ
Ҷͷ֮ϣһ˶УȻֺɫɷԲҶչ
ʶָ֮Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪Լһ̣ͻ˾磬ϥ£ӿ뵽档
Ԫ˲ָ翪ʼɶĳؾ
ʱ򣬶ʥ˿ˣҶ㻹δͻƵʱ򣬽֮ɱ
Сף񣬸סʱ䣡
Ҷѡ񣬴˿ͻƹؼʱ̣һ϶ṦһԱҪʱ䣬Լ糹׽ؾ
𣡡
С׳ˣ̤棬ֳɱΪһս
ĽףҲȥǣ
Ҷ㽫붦ĽײٿأѹһһֻҪסʱͿԡ
£С׻ĽףӰȥס˵ĽŲ
Сһŭһռ䲨ˣǰһŻһ˽ȥ
ռתƣСʩչ츳ͨת˳ȥҶڳʱ䡣
ϧСʵޣֻתƵ֮⣬գۼĹ۷һźȻ֮ɫСס
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Ľײ߶ʮһٿ붦ĳ˺ݺ£ϳһһӡ
ʩչ߱ʽһһУÿһжܿһʱ䣬ֹǿҶ㡣
¡
Ҷ巢һڳ忪磬سڣԪ˲غڣҲ죬ڡ
һŽһţӿ뵽Ҷ֮Уġ
ѵĵطԼٶȻָܿ޸ǿٴαǣҪȸղࡣ
䣡
СױɣѪȾ˰ɫëƤǿվӣŭ
Ľײ似ã붦ǺĿңʼʱвˣıǿơ
ֻڷѹѾʩչ˱ʽ񱩵ѹ죬һ뿪ɳɣռݣضɽҡ
ȭ

꽣
ֻأ
رȭ
ʩչ˸ǿԼʥĲֻؾȻһ˿棬ʮǿ
ģ
ɣɫѪҺգֱƵ
ûκԥһ磬Ҷ㼱ٿ似⻪£һٽҶ
˺ŭһľǴ󲿷ԪҶ㲻Ӧþˡ
ſֲϢ£ҶȻգͷ֮ϣռһѿЩ似£Ҷ϶ᱻѹ촷ۡ
ɣ
ħͻȻˣҶͷ֮ϣһ޴ĺڶе似˽ȥ溬дԪԲԼ
ôܣ
˴һԼ似ȻҶյˣǳ״ԭأþòܷӦ
ˢ
Ҷ˫ͻȻǳɢ󱦹⣬һУܽ˵ս롣
建վ񱩵ɢ΢΢һը֮ȭͷһܿռ侧Ƭ
һҪ
Ҷ䣬ĵܵĿռ䶼ҪˣЩ
Ųһ̤һǻ
ǿҲҵʵ
ƾҶɢϢͿڣƾغڣѷ֣벽˾
ͻƲã粻ȣҪǣδָһɱˡ
ȵ겻ֵĸߡ
ݣ
ҶͻȻʧԭأǰһץ꾹ȻûзӦͱҶˡ
˵ʲôͷҪɱҡ
ҶЦһһĲӱҶϣĲ
ʥɫ䣬׷һҶַˡ
ߣ
˵ʥһˣãҲãղҶһУɱŵӣʥȻԴ󣬻ûԴֵز
Ҳͣ׷׳ԶߣҶԽԶԽá
˵ҲǶҪ
Ҷ䣬ɱΪһ⣬ֱӷ˳ȥ
꣡
˱նɱһΪӻ֮أɢϢ
ʥǺ£ƴǰУֲܷУֻʩչղŴս˺ܶԪٶֻǱƽһ˿ѡ

ʥоһһ˿ѪһֻʧˣҶĳǰ
ҪɱңŹҰɣҵĴô⣡
ʥˣͲҶģֻҪһжĻᡣ
ŶʥҶûκα鲨һ˿飬ֻɱ⣬ס
ͣ
ʥˣ޾Ĳʣв⣬ǻںޣ׷ɱҶ㣬ʣͻƵָտɴϧһû
׷ɱҶʱ֮ҲˣԶʥ׷ɱҶһʱ䣬û˿ΪǶȥ֮ȥˡ
ǻֻҪ˷Ҷ㣬϶һѷӵ
ʬȫȡ˴ҶӶʥָóһöƿţһɾɢ


1047 ʯ
еĴƿװʮҺ壬칬ı֮ˮ
ÿһ֮ˮһֻҪһΣصˣҲ˲ָҶղ֮ˮ϶صĴˡ
ǷбףҶ֮ˮ϶ͻƾ磬Ǹһܾ˵Ľ
öԺҲõ˵⣡
Ȼô˵˭ҲðգҶ㲻ͻƣһʬ壬ҶҲһ¡
֮ˮͬҶļʴӡ
֮ϣͻȻִգħ¶˲ҶѾʮˣ֮Ҳһִգ֮Ĵ
ಣ
Ҷʧԭأ֮ȥ
Ҷ뿪ãڵӰ£ҶıӰ
СӾȻ˿ɲĵزǱҪ֪ͨˣǵ޷ɱ
һܿ췢һеͨѶվԭصȺϢ
ʮ֮ͨѶٴ˷׷׿˹
˷ˣǰЭǻɱСӡ
˵֮ڵӰʧˣԶԶĵҶ
һʱ֮Ҷϵ֮ڣҵϢ֮һƬߣûֲ˸»
֮ϣ͹ܶʯͷɢߵ¶ȣִգ¶Ȼڽڽ
֮ܽ˶֮ܽܿɡ
Ҷ򵥵һⱻʶ磬ôıòҲ޷ϢֻҪϤˣȻһ۾ֱܷ
ħʶҶ˼٣ֻڴ֮ʱм˲׽ϢֻҪûʶ
ǿߣʯƺҪˣǳ֮࣬ҪһЩͺˡ
ҶߴҴҶٵĳ֮ǰ
ϰףʯʲô
Ҷ㳯Ľʵ⽹ʯһ˵
ѾľȻ֪ҪҪнʯſԣطȻǺ
Ľױĵ˵һ䡣
ҶҲû⣬һĲ϶ѣҪһöҪĲϺֲ
дĽʯԼòȥҶʱղϣûС
ߣҲȥƣõãҲմ֡
ǰڵӣҶðգȻòҲΪʸ֮ģڽţʵһһǿ
ŴֵĴ㣬Ҷһ뵽֮ǧ˲ǰԭ¶ߣסһҡ
Ҷ㼷˽ȥǰһ¯һƽԭƽԭһͷ͹һЩʯ飬ʯʹƬ¡
ֻǻûʱ䣬ܶ˳Ƭȵƽԭ֮ϣűΣգڵȴʯĳ֡
ƽԭڴż߸ʬǱȻȫһɡ
һƽԭһǵסһˣ޷棬ֻ档
ֻм˳ɹȥվƽԭһͷڵȴʯһ¶˷֮ɫ
񵶻Լ̴ϪԽ˹ȥվһ͹ľʯ棬ܽǧȵĸ¡
ҶûóȻȥǵԭأֻ˴̤ƽԭ֮ϣܿ챻ȵ˻һЩطٵĸɱȥ
ӻļˣҶҲǰľҺԼӵл֮Լû̫Σա
ܽƽԭʵͶؾأֻҪ̤ȥʮͻΪɡ
ҶأȻóȻȥһȥ϶˵Ļɣֻվ濴֡
ҲһЩǿ֮һЩǿĿƽԭҲغһԣŽʯĳ֡
ˣ
֮ͻȻһĻζƬƽԭͻȻѿܶѷ죬ĽļʮŮһӦֱˣĲҽ
ˣ
ǧ˷ߣܿƽԭⱻɨС
ƽԭ룬ǿֲһ׵ѷˣð޾Ļ档

ƽԭ洫һҽʮţֱӱػɵʧӰ١
ѷԽԽ࣬Ѿ˿ʼʯڸ֮²γɣҪЩػҲһ˳
ղŻǼ˽ƽԭգۼĹ򣬾ӳһңһ벻̷׼όʯ
꣬꣬꣡
ƽԭ洫һɫʯˣӵð˳ǽʯĲϡ
ҵģҹ
һȳˣĽһһȣΪ𽹽ʯԼˣôһ㹻üԼһЩʣµĿԻȡԴ
˶зݣƾʲôģ
ߣðһµϢһƺɨɣֳʯץ£׼սָȥ
ʮ齹ʯ˳ƽüһ顣
ಣ
ڴʱߵȺ֮УӳǿϢȻǱȺ֮УǵȽʯ֣ͻȻ֡
ҶûżǾԭأôˣԼȥȲ
꣬ꡭ
ĽʯˣЩߵֿʼģðΣգֳ˽ȥ֮УһЩߣҲԾԾԣ¶ȵ˺ܶ࣬㴳һ
¡
緢˼ʮ齹ʯ֮󣬵ζĸӾңʱ޿̶˱ػߣڴˡ
ƽԭ棬ͻȻѿһޱȾ޴ĿӣԽԽһѾ޵ĴڣŨҵĵػһգۼĹ򣬾;˼ʮ
濪ʼζһЩҡҡλΣʱܱػߣ޾ĻʼŰ̶̼ʮʱ䣬Ѿϰ
ڶһһɫĹâӵ̵ò˫ۡ
ǽʯˣôܣ
˴һӦǽʯһ֮Ϊ溬һ˿֮ҪȸղС齹ʯ߹
һղһС飬ս˴ָ棬ֱĿڵĶڣڴόʯ
Сӣ⽹ʯõֻм뽹ʯɱ¾֮ʸΪȻյֻܳɳĵز
ܽʯϢĽҲͲסˣҶ㽫㵽֡

ϰ˻Ҷԥ׸òðգɹȻǺãһʧܣ϶ʮ
СӸ󣬲ôġ
Ľ׵ĿˮҪˣȻҪöʯȥ
ΪԼɣһˣѾҲˡ
ҶܿĽջԼ˵ˣΪԼҶȥðա
ҶĶˣһ齹ʯɼ˵Щˡ
Ⱥ֮УѾ˺üߣʵȻغ۷壬ʮǿ񵶵ϢȣԲ硣
һħȻ˶ı˭Ҳû뵽ģļһһһһ
¡
һ޴Ĺӵ±˳ʯڳˣֱӱ䵽˸߿֮ϡ


1048 ˫
ǰĽʯֻаٽ޴ССֻȭͷСβ룬󲿷䵽׸ңҲʮס
ȻܷУʮ׵ĸ߶ȻѲЩˣ׷Ծόʯ
⽹ʯȻзӴСֱ䵽˸߿֮ϣ֮ߡ
ȫŽʯڽз
Ҳ
ҶͻȻԾնʹ֮չ߿ȥΪһǡ
ǸСӣס
֮ͻȻһӰ˴ҶˣһǱŽʯȥ
񵶴ŭ䵶һնһǿĵ˳ſռ䣬Ҷնȥ
ʱ䣬似֣׷׻Ҷ㣬׼֮ϻ䡣
䡭
洫ҵĺЩ似ֻ쵽ǧ׸߿գϣͻᱻһεĽƸסˡ
ˣСӣץǵİģĽ
ŵҶƨɱԵʧӰ٣ðһŨҵĻ档

ڴʱһӰ֮ϾȻҲ˫ᣬٵĳ֮ȥҲ˳˫ᡣ
ᣡ
˷
Ȼ˽޵ĳӶԼС
ղŷȥӦᣬУҲɰ裬϶ȣ϶޷Ҷʹ֮Ტۡ
ҶʶһɨһӰҲչ򣬳Լٷ
ʯҪ֮
Сӣ⽹ʯҵģϽҹ
һʮҵӣһ֮ɫܿ׷Ҷ㡣
ʲô
Ҷһᣬ弱όʯѾ¶ˣòǾ͵òʧˡ
󵨣ȻҶ˫˵㻹ǵһˡ
ӾȻ˫ڰǰͺպҲ˾˰ɣҲǰħһղһֱǱȺ֮Уû˷֡
˿Ե֮Ҹƾ¡
ҶҲǲҴ⣬Һ֮ϲʹԪȻ˫϶᲻һеĳԼ֡
һʩչԪͻᱻεĽƸѹȥ˶ڷС
꣡
ʹ֮һȶҶͻȻ٣Ϊʯʼ½ҶҪȡⱻԷȻ
ҶԼв˫¶µɱ⣬ʩչԪ˿ѽҶɱ
޵ҧгݣ˫һ䣬Ҳӿٶȣ˿ʼƴٶȡ
ۼɣҶ㾹Ȼ˫Ͼǳǿߣ˫ҲмˣϵĥϣѴﵽһĵز
Ҷʹ֮飬ÿһŲĲ˶ɵķ׾롣
֮ϣʯѾֹͣ䣬׷׽գ⽹ʯỨ˭ҡ
˫Ƹֶˣһεħעƽˡ
̴ϪЩֻǻһöСĽʯһö㹻ˣ鵹Ǻܵ䡣
һЩûеõʯģǽҶ㣬ΪҶϵıǳ֮࣬һȽʯ
СӣóʯҿԴӦһΣ
Ȼ֣ܳ˫ȻҶŵ˺ôԴӦһ
ģ
˵ٶȼ£뽹ʯԽԽ
Ȼ
Ҷʮϵ˫¶һ˿ϲ⣬ЩռϣȱϣͿ⽹ʯ֮һ
ͷʯҵ
Ҷ˵꣬ǻһߣܿ˫ĨɱֻҪصϣ϶᲻ϧһеҪɱԼ
ֻúôɱԼόʯ
ˣң
˫۴УҶ㾹Ȼˣѹûόʯ
Ҷ㲻Էٴμ٣ʯԽԽҲ׾룬ҲһգۼĹ
˫ҶԽԽ˼Ͳ׵ľ룬׷׼ԼĴָ׼ȡ
˫
ҶͻȻһȣ˫Ҷ㿴Ŀԡ
ͫȱ
ҶͻȻʩչͫȱ˫оһʹ˲ͻָûʧһᣬϾӵ˾ʵ
̶˲䣬㹻Ҷȡʯˡ

Ҷʧԭأȵ˫ѹʱҶѽʯսħ֮Уֱӷ˵ء

˫۴УղֻǸоһʹ̶һգ۵ĹҶ͵õ˽ʯ
ȻǱСӵõˣȻܴ˫СӲ򵥡
ղһĻҶǲףΪ˫ͻȻͣɲǼ䣬Ҷڳȡ
˫ٶһʱ䣬Ҷûлȡпܽʯٴεϡ
һһ˭ҲҶʩչʲô˫ݵͣһ£ʯˡ
˫һչҶɳǧ֮⣬˫ҲǻΪһǣĸҶ㣬ߡ
Ҳߣܲ׷Сӣ
֮ûдȥıҪ׷˳˫ķ򣬿׷ȥϣҵҶ㣬֮ɱᱦ
СףĿռ˺𣿡
ʹ֮˦˫ǰõİ취˺ѿռ䣬ܲܽ˦
˾Ѿ˺ѿռУϧռ䱻ˣ˾Ҳ޷˺ѿռ䡣
ԣ
СҲȷ֮ϣʩչ츳ͨǰһͨҶԥ˽ȥ
ܿҶʧˣ˫ʱ׷ҶղųֵĵطҶʧӰ١
ôܣ˺ѿռߡ
˫ЩԽܣĿռҲԹ޷˺һռ棬϶ᱻѹ֮
ѵǵɣ
˫һΪҶǵɾԼΪ

Ҷڼʮ֮⣬֮˳СһΣֻܴͼʮ棬ܴ
磬ҵļˣһֻܴͼʮҡ
СεҡҡԴĿռȷʵأǶԿռʮУԼǿռޣ˺ѿռ䡣
־벻ǺԶʮǼˡ
㹻ˣ
漸ʮֻգۼĹ򣬵Ƕʮ룬ҲҪһʱ䣬ΪﲻܷС
һʱ䣬Ҷ㹻ܶˡ
岻ͣѰһ򣬼ٵߣûһͣ
Ҷ뿪һʱ䲻ã˫ˣϢҶ׷ȥ
Сף𣿡
Ҷһ߷Уץ˺üͷСޣС׿ơ
ˣ磡
С׸ЩһǴ˹ʶ
ã
ҶֳϢֱע뵽Щ޵棬СǷߣΪ
ӿô׷ң
Ҷһ֮¶һЦ⣬˫ƾһϢǧҲܸӦõ
ڽԼϢע뵽֮УԻ˫޷ȷһԼ
Ȼʱ֮˫еޣҧгݣתƣһ׷ȥ


1049 ͻ
һץͷޣ涼ҶϢ˫׷ŭˣϵɱ⼸۳ʵʡ
ΪӦҶϢˣ׵ʧħ
Ҷҵһεĵص㣬һ󷨣ԼϢκ˶ҵҶ⼸úõϢ
һ·׷ɱҶоʮƣҪϢ죬һΪܲǰһ
СӣҪʲô
Ľ׳ˣҶóһϢҶʵ
֪ʣ
Ҷһۣ׼Ϣ
ҪϢ磿
Ľ״Ų²ϢҶһֱûǰеǰҶҪܵһʵ
ûҾһʱˣıΨһֻˡ
Ѿس۷壬ԪҲغڣҲﵽغڣҶԪͬ
Ȼ粻ͻƣΨһİ취һҲʵ
ǰҲֻ취ˡ
Ľε̾ϢһʯҶģû뵽һ˾֣ҪﰲȫߣҶҪһпܵ硣
Ҫ˾϶ܣʵܵļʵǿԣҶܴﵽؾſԿ˾ǿߡ
вʱؾҶ֮ؾڣӦⲻ
ؾ֮У࣬нɶЩŵ֮ѡħܴһֹϵΪɶ
Ҷ㿪ʼϢΪϴεӣҶļ죬һ˿˿Ĵ֮ע뵽֮С
ϢǻʱڵĲ溬дĻ֮컯֮д˵е
٣΢ţһƣҲ㹻Ҷɣ̫࣬űҶ塣
һϢ൱һǣҶ˿̲һöϢһǡ
ǳˮһ㣬ӵҶͻȻͳһƤȫԲӴĻ֮
ħű书ʼתЩͣͲǰʼڼٵǡ
˵Ҷܴʮͷ֮ÿһʱ䣬һ֮
˺ڣԽԽѣܶߣ˺ڶѡ˷ΪʱԴϣĵԼ
ҶҲоˣڻ׶ΣÿһҪĵԴöࡣ
ǿ󣬴ĺôǾԲԶҶ֮ܲϵԽսǿܲɷֵĹϵ
ֻǿ֧žŸԪıһͨŸԪֱӽ֮ű
ΣҶ㶼Ҫȥû·
ԽԽĻӿ棬ϢҲСľǳˮһ㣬䡣
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һŭ𣬸оҪűˣŤ
棬ֻСشʮܣЩǻ

Ҷ㷢ͺԼ϶ᱻ
С翪ʼһЩӰݻǰӰ𽥵ĳʵʷչγһѭ֮ԽԽࡣ
ǰֽܷһѾˣҶε
ħתħ濪ʼգʵϵʱħǿӽһʱ䣬ȫ
ħ棬һɵϢʮֿɲ֮ϵҶ壬ֻҪԴԴϵյ֮ҶҲỺ
ħգ֮˺ܶ࣬ڳʱɡ
ȫÿһͷѪ⻹ǽѪҺջ֮
濪ʼֺǿգŵĹ㣬һĳγɡ
ЩԴ֮ҲԽԽ࣬￪ʼԼԪÿһΣԪĴȾͻӣö
ˣ
һöѨ򿪣ҶѾʮöѨ֮УʮöѨȫ򿪣Ǵˣ൱˼
ԹƺֻȼɣͨʮöѨһǿ֮
ѨһҶоһˬѨľʧϡ
ˣ
һöѨ򿪣ҶڲϵЩѨܴĻȵʹõʱ˲䱬
ʱһȥϴϢҶ㻨˰ʱ䣬ϴεӣιòϰʱ䣬ҲԲһġ
ת֮䣬ȥˣʱ䣬˶ѰҶټ·Ҷƾʧˣûгֹ
˭Ҳ֪Ҷ㲼һ޴󷨣ԼϹŴʧܷ֡
֮ļһ֮ˣ߷ӿ룬һξʧȥһʧȥҲûлˡ
ııģ
Ҷһ㣬һ羨ţҺ뵽֮С
ʼСҶһԲҲĻָ̬ϢųɵҶյĲˡ
ľ磬غڣֻһ֮ң
ɲɣϢ滹һ˿˿ҲҶˣΪһҶǻÿһζҶ㶼оԼϢǿһ֡
ϧ޷ֻȷ棬ʵҲֽ⣬뵽֮С
ǿ̫ǿˣ
ҶվһıÿһͷӨı⣬رѪҺɫչ֮ԽԽ
ҵѪͺˣҾܳݱ֮壬ͻأҲ޿ܡ
ҶʮڴҵѪѪͻء
ҾĳҶ㾳ɶò˶ãͻƵڡ
ϰףôˣ
ҶͻƵʱĽѲߣʱʵ
֮ˣڴ󲿷˶֮񡣡
Ľ׽⼸췢˵һ飬ҲҵطϧûҶӰӣܿ뿪
ãҲȥͻƣѾؾֻҪΧӦԱ֮ˣ˾Ǿˡ
ҶغвԼһΧ׷ɱҶ㻹ͷۣҲֻ·
˾ҶްգܰȫߣõĽָܻܶԷ
СӣϢй¶˺ܶ࣬ҽ㱾岻Ҫ֣档
ҶҪ뿪Ľʱѵ
԰ΪʲôҾû뵽
ҶһĴȣ֮ɫһĽףȻϼ޻
˳򵥵ĻΪһӣģͨĲͨƶȺ֮Уᱻ˷֡
Ҷ㱾壬ħ֮УԼһκζʶͬ
ħɽ棬ҶԪֱĻ꺣УҶ㻻һ
ȥ󷨣Ҷ㳯֮ȥ


1050 
뿪֮ҶҲԼⰻȻңԶĵطһ޴Ż֮
кܶߴӺԶĵطΪ˾ǽܻ֮ȡһЩ
ҶҲ⣬߽֮ܶһƬɫСݶǽɫûʲôһЩֲͨ
Ũĵ⣡
Ľױ˳ҲĻ꺣֮УҶһ֮
ҶҲоˣƺ˵ĵطָоʮܣ㿴ҲһеĴڡ
ʲôǵ⣿
ǰĽ׸Ҷ͹һΣҶ㾳̫֪ͣǺ
ϴθ˵˺ڣľǵ⣬Ҳǰ壬ǧ磬ĻǧҪҪ⡣
ĽײϵĽͣЩҲһʦָҶ㣬ôȥ͸治ˣҶ컯ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷƶǶ
ӵоֵ⡣
ҶӵоŸӦþǾֵ⡣
һеֻһһлÿԼȥ򣬲Խ࣬ĳɾҲԽ󡣡
ĽҲҶԣÿߵĵ·һĵȻҲһ
Ҷ㲻룬ֵĸоԽԽŨһЩֱϥ£ʼ򣬵ƾ⣬ҵͻƵ֮ӵʲô
ߣ˵淢һ弶ġ
һɳɳ˼ӿ˽Ųԭ֮棬һܰ˲⡣
һЩͻƾģ̷һöпٴβµľ磬ٽһ
Ҷ㵹˵ΪżһΣݺܶŶֲżߣֻɽС
Ĵ󲿷ֶǶңļ֣׷
弶֮٣ݶҲûгֹˡ
СӣܵõһöͻڣӦòѲ⡣
ʵһʵһ磬Ҫȥ
һͷֻţĵ˷ѣ͵Ԫˡ
Ҫǲĵ⣬ϱܰ⣬ͻƾ磬ּ¡
ܲ٣˶죬Щ˲һ֣Ҳ˲ʮ֡
ҶѾˣЧȻ֮ã˭õҶΣķҪԼʵ
Ҳȥ
Ϊ壬ҶҲϳԼȥȫǴ׼ʮ󣬿϶ֶǡ
Ҷ²ûʮ˾۲Ծô׵õ
ʱ֮һƬңΪ˷ȴ޷õѾΧϰˡ
ҷֵĻֹһöܶطˣ˶ܲժܣһһϡ
һö˷֣ϧû˿ժȡ˾Ҳԡ
ϣȻγϣѹЩֻܿժȡˡ
Щ˾ͲӣĽƺˣ֮һʱˣͳ֣ڻûժȡԭػ
ʲô
ҶãȻʵ
Ͼϣɢֻвһ˿⣬ſԽ棬ժ
Ľ׽͵
ԭˣ
Щһ֮Уͻᱻһε޷ȥ
˫ɫܲãʮֱŭһ·˲ºüʮΪðɱ
׷ҶһʱֻҵֻСޣôܲ
ɫÿһЩ˺üΣ˲
һȻ֮ǵˣܲҲ޷ժȡǿƿͻһʧҲǴһֱȺԭ
˲ģҪ߽ȥһ˳
ԣ
һ˳ؾɫӦòĬĬ֮
ŷû뵽Ҳˡ
ϳˣȻǴŷ˳ɾװ׾ҲΡ
ڵʥ֮УҲܼǰʮȻҲħ
ԭǵɵĵӣҵλܼͣʥǰʮһǷ֮
ҶûóȻȥǵԭأŷ˹ȥ
һƣŷ˽ȥȻ֮У롣
Ȼɹˣ
˷û뵽ŷ֮С
δأժɹһܶ˶ˣ
˴ŴŷȻǿ󣬵ڳܶ˵츳ûгɹ
С׼ڶͻȻһ󲨶ŷ˦˳һǱ֮ɫ
Ȼûгɹ
ҶվȺ֮Уûֵܷõؾֻǵ׵Ĵڣϳͨûע⡣
ʱ޿̶̽һϵɳȥһЩ˿ʼ¶Ƿ֮ɫǰȴ޷ժʲô顣
СӣҲȥ԰ɣ
ĽϣҶ㾡ʵմﵽ˼Ҷȥԡ
ȥһɹˣǳΪʸ֮ģô֣һһȭܽҴ
ҶŲɵӣɹˣҪǳɹѰ·
õʵнʯǶǴɣһΣҶδлᡣ
Ŀ֮£ҶҪߣܡ
Ľ׳һ£Сӵת
ҵһƣɹˣȻԵõһöʧˣ͵һγԣЩΣա
Ľı㣬Ҷһ⡣
뻢ıƤһʧܣʣ
Ҷ㲻òĽ׵ļı̫ðˣҶ㻹ԥС
Ѿʲôܲܳɹ˵ѵ㲻磬ڵؾѰ·ܲ뿪ħ⡣
Ľ״ŴҶѾ֪ħڱ˶ʵȥ
ҵĳڣħֻһڣҪģҲͱ˷֡
ãҾðһΣܳɹͰˣ뿪֮񡣡
ܳɹҶҲûбҪֱ뿪ȥӦòѣΪ壬ڲǧҶҲܰȻ뿪
˵꣬ҶȺ֮˳һö˹ȥ
С˭ҲһڵõˣҲΪ¡
֮ԱǣȲ˵Ҷܲܳɹɹˣȡܱס
󲿷˶Ǵֻı飬Ҫ֣Ҷôϵȥ
ûЩӣгĬĬߵǰҶûż룬Ǳ˫ۣϸϸĸϡ
˫ֱĶҶ㣬üͷ壬ҶЩһƺЩϤĸоֲȷ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ˫ۣŽŲϵȥ
䣬ȥ֮УȻļ仯ֻвļһ˿֮⾳
ҶӴļļЩ˽⣬Ạ̊́˿̾Ȼˡ
Ųֱ̤֮УɹһһأؾȻҲԽȥ


1051 
˲˲۾ЩţؾȻҲ߽֮У̫˼ˣ˼ЩҲл᣿
һʧܣмʮ׾룬ˤñס
һ֮ҶһŻ˫ۣоԼ뵽һƬյشܶɵģһˡ
ֻеӰζָָ㣬飬󲿷ֶǳЦӡ
һ˿˿Ҷϳ֣Ų̧ٴһȻֳɹˣһը˹
ţҲֻһͱ˳С˭Ȼժ
˫һϸ죬ĶҶ㣬ԷĲժˣֱᡣ
һľֹ˫һˣܶ˶¶еĿ⣬Ҷһ
Ҷ㻹Ǳ˫ۣЩϽԼ壬ЩϽ֮󣬾ﾹȻһ㶼ų⣬ʼ
ô£ϣ
Ľٴα˳ѾҶˣȻ񣬵͸񣬻ǽ뵽Ҷ㱾֮С
ôֻ֪ǸоںϾȻ԰⡣
ҶҲͲһȻԼľѾĳΣ˭֪ȻԼϡ
ѵ壿
Ľ״ԼŵĿΪҶ壬Ψ
أֻҪûлͺá
ЩȻ㲻Բȥ²⣬Լͽա
һ˳ȥҶֻһ֮ңֿɵá
Сӣ˵ȥҪժȡһժȡˣϾͻʧЩ˿϶ǲһֱӹϷ
ҶҪʱͻȻϥ£ǰԭز⡣
ȺٴηΪҶֱժȡҵ˵ĵط̷ͿҶһ̣
˭֪ҶѹͲȥժĵ⣬ľҶÿпޡ
˫ҧгݣֲܴȥҲϣҶɼˣʱᡣ
ЩĿ⣬Ҷ㾡۵ף¶Цݣᣬȫ⡣
ɣ⣡⣡ģжΪĸ᲻֪ǿ֮ԻǿΪ֮Ի󣬴ԻţԻԶ
Ҷһƪ£ͼ¼˹ڵһЩ˿̸ͷܶ಻ĵطȻʡ
·һȽɫţҶǰһɫĹâ˳Ҷü֮С
֮ҲȻ֮ԴһʮʮţκδвԲ֮ˣܽ޵Բмˡ
ҶҪĲǽԲȥƴΪԼǵΨĵˣȻͿԼĵ
ȽɫĴţҶ㴫˺ܶϢܶڵϢһ˳ڱ֪磬ͻȻһȴֳ֪˵Ѥʡ
ôǿ󣬾ôߣվϲνԽߣԽ׷ǻữΪһ
Уǲᶨⲻ綼ᵭƬأΪһѻ
Դ󲿷ߣڸʱܣܣ˭ǰ棬Ȼܻøп롣
ܲ򾳽磬Ѱ֮мˣ󶼻ᱻһ磬ĿԼȥһѿݹǣֻҪɣһ鷲ˣԶѲķ
Ҳ͸ͻأܶرķһ֣ܲĵ⣬пܴһ磬ٴδǣ
ñ˫ǰ˾ڻˣܽ綼˺ü꣬ҲħһЩᱦΪҲ
˫겻ܽߺǧǶ֮ͬƿֻܺ޶ա
Ҷϻһ㵭ĵ⣬˵壬һϣһ㲨ƣʱ֣ʱ뵽档
ⱾһģĸԴֻᣬ˺ڣֻԼԼģκ˶ָ㲻ˡ
֪֮䣬Ҷ㾳ͻƵڣԼȻ֪ڶԵĸ֮С
Ȼͻƾˣ
ҶϢ˷һҶ㾹Ȼͻ˾磬һЩ⡣
Сӵ˭Ϊûһ˿ӡ󣡡
ڲ²⣬໥ϧҡҡͷ˿ʮţңңǵˣ϶İ
ϧҶòͨĲͨûʶ
ĵһ٣Ҷ棬ĵҲʧʱˣʧֻǱһöͨĹӣ̷ȥֻһЩˡ
һʱҶ㶼ڱչأⲻ֪ѷˣΪöĵʧˣõҲһöͨĹӣûʲôˡ
ľĵ⣬˲򾳽磬¾ĵǳ֮ࡣ
˫ۣҶ㻺վԽԽܿҪʧһУʧȥ˵⣬ֻһöͨӽ˴ָ档
һȦֺܶ˻ĿԼ׼ֻҪҶһƷҶȥɼö
ʮֹ죬ĿˢˢľۼҶһϡ
СӣϽȲɼһöҿԸ޾ĺô
˵ˣҶɼ
Ҫģλӣܰǲɼһö̫ɿŵһ㹻ĶΡ
̫˵ˣȿֺ󣬶£Ҷ㡣
λ̨Ǻ޻ҵĴӣ̴ϪܰҲɼһöҿŵûһ˿Ըв㣬ҿԱ㰲ȫ
̴ϪʮͣȻ֪ҶĿǰĴܴӦ˭ˣӦ϶ᱻ˺Ƭ
ܵʻвҶ޶ãǵЦԽԽŨˡ
ʮţң׳֦ϣҶܰǲɼʹ˼ơ
С磬ֻҪܰ칬ɼһöҾˡ
칬ĶʥˣǰŮҲ칬洫ӣʵͣȻΪһöڲٶҪˡ
һţڣԪ̣𵺣Ԫңƻң޻ңԼңɡȵȣøգҪҶȡ
СӣҪ㲻ӦһţҾ֮ء
һһվ˳ʮŭղźɫĸҶ˵ô࣬Ҷ㾹Ȼһӵı飬׽ŭ
˫벻һף
ҶͻȻŹЦݣ˫˹ȥѹͲЩˡ
˫ЦЦƺҶͼ
˵ɣҪʲôס
ʼգ˫ûпڣ˵ˣܶʱһƬš


1052 ı
ܼ򵥣Ұժһö㱣Ұȫ뿪ô򵥡
Ҷȴܴÿһ˵ĶĽ˵ļı
ã
˫ûκԥӦҶ
˱ȽСģϣģӦ뿪Ҳſ԰ժȡһö
Ҷ˵ָһνӡ
Сӣ֪ڸ˭˵Ųھͳֽɱ
һʮִԣһģͲܸģΥͻ⵽Ǵ˾Ȼ֪ĵĿ֮
һӦҶ㣬ͲΥҪȥ
˫ӦҲûа취ˣҼǵ˾Ҳһٶ˰ɣڲͻƾ磬֪ܻꡣ
˫вҶѹûκα鲨
ղ˫ȷʵ㣬ȵҶֱӳѹҶɼһö˭֪ҶἰԼڱ
ҲӦأ
˫Ŀ£Ӧˣ֤Ҷˡ
ֻܴӦ˵ˣôɵôţ㲻ȫɱֻҪҴӦκһͿ԰ȫ뿪
Ҷ㻹һȻ֮ɫڶģĶˣȻ԰Ȼ뿪
ܳĬˣ˫ҲˣҶĲɼһöξͰħ
˿ʼҵĴϢޱȹ죬˫ĴӦҶ㣬һö϶ˡ
ȻϴӦǾˣѰߡ
Ҷ˵꣬񳯺޻ҿ˹ȥ
˫֮УƺͻȻ̾һ
ãҿԴӦ㣬ֻҪϰҲɼһö
˫ϳһ˿ϣͣ˾̫ˣڲͻƣ¾Ҫľǰʲô϶Ե΢
ˬ죬İɣӦɼһö
ӦҶ㰵һղŶˣ󱳲֪ʪһ顣
ģֻҪܰժһöұ֤㰲ȫͳ֮񡣡
˫˵ĺܼ򵥣ǰȫҶͳ֮ڳȥ֮һ£᲻ϧһдۻɱҶ㣬û뵽챻һˣԼ޷
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һŸղűĳ˳ǲ
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ǰҲʱ˴ţŴϴֽ
Ҷ䣬Ȼ֣֮ɱһŵӡ
Сӣң
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˫ûκԥغԼԥĳ֣һƽղ˵ĳ⽴
˭ҵңǺ
˫һɨֱӵͷ˫ۡ
ȻѾӦˣ˫ԻȥˣΪֵá
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ҶߵڶöǰŲһֱ̤ӽ֮Уһʱ䣬Ҷժ˵ڶö
ǳĴǷ˾ţ֮Ҳ޷ȥժҶֻ˼ʱ䣬ժһö
ǰ
ҶʮֹĽŹ֮ɫΪҶСһͻȻģҶǰˡ
˫СĽӵĿһҶ㡣
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Ҷͷ亹˫ƺЩʲôΪ˫̫Ϥˡ
Ҷô˵˫öˣԷǼɵԼǹãҲơ
ģҼȻӦİȫȻ
˫˵Ȼջ𣬼ȻӦˣҪڵõҲ𽥱á
λ̨մ
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Ұ
Ҷ㽫ԼֵˣⱩ©ݡ
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ҶֱӾ̴ܾϪɫܲÿ˫ֲ÷ܴŭת뿪취ȥˡ
ǰʹ˸ǣ
Ҷֱת뿪֮ȥ
ĬĬĿҶʧ֮˫ݻȥɱֺ޼ֵ󲿷˻ǵȺ׼һö
˫ȻҲų뿪֮
֮ҶûκԥֱʩչԶȥ
Сӣߣ
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䣡
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ۣ
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Ȼˣ
Ҷ뵽ˣԳ֮ûдкֱʩչǲ˫ֵĻᡣ
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˫ƺû뵽ԼȫһƣȻûнҶ
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ʹ֮
ֱʧҶˣʩչʹ֮Զȥ
ԭ㣬ʯ
˫ɫ䣬ѹһۿҶʮϤԭҶװɣֻһףΪҶϢȫˡ
ԼҶϷŪ׷һʱȦף˫ðŨɱ⡣
ҶޣͷųԼϢΪԻ˫Լʱ롣
֮ڳּʮˣһÿһĻӰ֮׷
ԭСӣĴıﶼõˡ
һʮʮ٣ܿ촫˿񵶵˵ĶղŻҶװ磬ߣһӳ׼ŭˡ
˷ʼȥ׷ɱҶȥˡ
Сӣ㽫ʯҿһ
˫ʮĸҶһҲҪҶɱȻһӶһħ
ߣ㾹Ȼ֪ͼңܵõ𡣡
Ҷһ˫Ȼ壬
Сӣң֮ɱöǱ꣬˽ʯұҪɱ㡣
˫˿Լɱ˺ܿ컮գʧʣҲ֪˶Զ
Сףˣ
Ҷ㻹Сף˺ѿռ䣬ѳȥ˫˦
ַͬҶٴʹһ飬Բˬȵ˫ϵʱַҶϢ֪׷δ
ˣ׷̣µأҲܽҵ


1053 
˫ֱţ˵ӵֶΣȻް취Ϊħ˭֪Ҷ㳯ĸǰ
һֱ׷ȥ϶ὫҶ׷֮ɱǣҶ㾹Ȼ˺ѿռ䡣
棬˫ֻҪ˺ѿռ䣬˲ܽҶãħֻ˫УҶȴ˺ѿռ䣬Ҷһδߡ
СӣҼסˣֻҪ뿪ħҶȡ㹷ͷ
˵꣬˫뿪ˣħڷȥȥȥˡ
ʱһ죬֮һöȻ̴Ϫõڹؼʱ̣Ȼͻ˾磬һ˿⣬ɹժȡ
ڶԷݣڳû˸ҳ֣Һ޻кüڳ˭Ҳ˺Ƥ
̴Ϫõ֮ټˣҪΧҶ㣬ǵһΥˣһ˼˶֪ڵԼʵ
ҪһöʯΪ֮ҪҶ㳹׵ĹϷֵ
ħ֮⣬˫Ѿ뿪ҵһѵĵص㣬׼ʮɽûܷ
ڿԲһˣ
ĵ˫¶һ˿֮ɫ˰ľ磬ڿԽ֮ѡ׽٣֪
ɽٵʱ˴Ҷɽٳɹǳܶ˶ɽٳɹˣȴһЩСûɾԪ
ܶܶɽٵʱҪѡ̺ĵطҪţ˱˫һɢޣɣֻѡɽ
ǳϥ£ʼɢ⡣
Ǹ˰죬ʲôⶼûУ޶ƺʲôƣ
СӣҪɱ㣡
˫ͻȻһŭû뵽Ҷ͸Լ沼һƣĵƺһţô˫ŭ
飡
ͻȻըˣΪһʧؼ䣬˫մĿһҺ壬ЩԽܡ
߿ۣҪɱңҲἤƣΥɻ
ը֮֮һҶµ֮˫׷ɱҶ㣬Ҷ͵͸Է
˭֪˫֮񣬾׷ɱԼҶߵʱ˽ƣֻҪһգƾͻᱬըը⽴
Ҫصһ֮ǰҶӦ˫ɼҶڲɼʱĵĲһƣԷһû뵽˫ȻԼɱ⡣
ȻԷʣҶҲǺ۸֮Ծ˸ղŵһĻ
ɱɱɱҪɱ㣡
˫ħ˱ҪնɱҶ㡣
һƫƧɽ֮УҶ¶һ˿аЦ
Ҫϵõ˾Ҳԡ
Ҷջղŵ˫ʱҶ͸֪ˡ
֪Լֽţ˫϶ưոݣҲٴ׷ħԼնɱҪС
ҶϢһ֮ٴ뿪ϵĳħǰ
ڽʱҶ㿴һƬޣʱֻ꼻һ֣ҶţǺ¥ħ϶ط
Ҷûв´̶ڣѹĵط
һˣҶ㴩ħ֮ϣɷ紵ܣ꣬Ҷħ֮ﵽغڣ۷ֻһ֮ң޷вԼ
ת֮䣬ֹȥʱ䣬ҶͻȻͣס˽ŲоâڱƺһֱڶԼ
ѵǴ
Ҷʶɨһ飬ܾĵģûˣָоʵʵڣ˸Լĺ档
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ħʮ죬ָоһֱڣֻûôǿҡ
ǰҶһֱ׷ɱûʱȥᣬ⼸һˣɱԽԽԣǱߡ
ಡ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬аͬʱ֣ҶֱΧ֮УҶ㾹ȻϤס
Ƽҵˣ
Ҷ㲻Ϥ֪ԷݣӵӣҶ㲻ʶӦҲƼҵӣ洫ӡ
Ҷ㣬ڡ
˵ĽƽܣӵһʵӽؾҶһΣûʲô
ҲףͬƼҵӣΪҪɱңѵҲΪϵı
ŰˣҶЩףѵǸһԼϵı
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ƽûиҶㆪ£һ󷨣һ·ϣĿҶնɱţһ֣һ󷨣׼ˡ
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֪ǿԽսնɱأǽûκλᣬݽغҲɱΪɱ㣬ʮʱ䡣
ƽûʧѾõ󷨣˵ӦݻΪԷһɳ˰˸ˣһŻ
ǲõ󷨣ҶǵЦԽԽŨԼӹĹѨ֮еõö󷨣޲ߡ
һʱһʱҶ֮ѵ˹Īĵز˵󷨣ʮŵҶҲƵ
󷨣ǴӶݻԵͷ޴䣬޷ֵĶȦУֶΧ
ֶ޻ܣ󷨣ҲӴ˸죬Ҳ¶
߸ռ߸λӦǬԣȴһһطǿţ֮
ٵһţʵţȥҶһ۾ܿ󷨵
ɱ
ƽһ£ˣ洫ӶҪƽܵģƽ˭ܲٿ洫ӡ
ͬʱһܵľ˱仯Ҷ·뵽޾ɳ֮У岻԰Σ˵Ĺ糱ĽҪҶи֧顣
ಣ
һҶͻȻʧԭأ޷ҶĽŲ
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󣡡
ƽֳ죬ϵָ󷨣ÿһα󣬶ܽҶƵĴ󷨵Ĺ
磬ʱŭ𣬸̬Ҷ֣߳Ҷǳڹº֮ϣʱܱû
ҶҲżƵƵƶڸ׵֮Уһ磬ЩֻҪҶߣʧΡ
ƽɫԽԽѿѾôʱ䣬ȻҶһëû˵ѾЩͷˡ

һ䣬ͻȻ£СҶƶĿռͻС󷨵Ҳ
ʮܽ󷨺˵زϧҡ
ɱ¾֮ˣӦһҶ㲻پаˡ


1054 
ɱ¾֣֮һɿ񱩵ɱҶɢΪһĽһ˺ݺݵն¡
سڵʱҶ׵նɱڣڴﵽڣǴﵽغ۷塣
ʵֹһסҶҲɣϧ󷨣ҶһȺСڻųԼá
꣡
ն£Ѫһ˱նɱһΪ
˲ңʧȥһˣ󷨲ƣʱƽವһֲ˿ȱ󷨼תҪȸղŻҪǿ
ԽԽ죬ҶٶҲڼ٣ֻһӰ֮Уɱ¾֮Ϊһ񣬴ĺŽǣո

һ޾ĽسˣûȥҶֱӰ󷨿ƣ֮⡣
󷨵ǣƣҶٶȸޱȿ٣һ㣬һɨһ˱ո
ɰ˱ˣһб̫죬Ǽʱ䣬ʧˣ޷һ󷨡
δ𣬵δ𡭡
Ѫ˳ɱ¾֮һ˶ԭأһȻ֮ɫҶ㣬ЩԽܡ
ô󷨡
ѯʣҲƽԴ벻Ҷôܰ󷨵Ĺնˡ
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ʣˣ϶һ˿֮ɫһ·֮ϣҶΪȻأȻ֪ҶĿɲòӡ
˵˭ָʹǵģһῼǷŹһ·
ҶĮֱƽܣϣϻȡ𰸡
Ҳ֪
ƽкһ֪ɱҶ㣬ȥҲһԣƴˡ
һ޾ĺҶݺݵѹ侳һ˻غڣޱȡ
ϧҶȣʵҲвԼ
ڤ粻飡
Էȴ֪ϧҶֻɱ
µɱԸǣҶмʹɱһνԣ˲ʧԭأΪһӰ

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˵
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ˣ
С״һãҶ׼·
ɱҶָķС׼ٵǰҪҶԼпϺܶࡣ
̶һʱ䣬˷׷ӿֵĵص㣬Ƭޣ̶ڴ˵ء
˫ɫȻٴ̤ħһɱγʵʣһö̴Ϫ
ҹζ࣬õã̴ϪˣҵıＸܡ
еŭⶼΪɱ֮Уֻһˣڻ꺣֮УһδνӰ˺ǧ飬ϧⶼǻþ


1055 
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һ֮ҶһƬɳأɳӸ治һɳӾȻīɫ¶Ҳ½
̶
Ҷһɻ֮ɫЩܽܡ
ҶӡУ̶ҲǸߴޱȣκˣпܰŶԡ
ǰһƬµ·ͻȻӵðһ㣬ѹִԣ̶һֱûгǲ˵¡
Ҷͣס˽Ų̤µǵȺ˵
̶ڹµλãīɫĹӰǴ̶淢ɳӶȾīɫ
Բǧ޾ɳĮֻµˣʯᾣܶҶ㶼ʶֲֲܶǣҶ㿴µ
˫չҶɵУ棬ܽµ۵ס
ô£Ϊˣ
ҶշɵУֹµһȻߣҶ档
ùĹµ
Ҷ㰵䱸µ򵥣бҲòС
ûǰҶ˾Ӱ֮⣬ûóȻȥͻȻİҶоһľµ֮УƺǱʲôԶħһ㡣
죬µΧǧˣûóȻȥڵȴʲô
¡
µٴǵԽԽվΧЩֻȥ
˼ʱ䣬µƽռǧǳ֮
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ʱǧ꣬µϵʧʧ˭Ҳ֪µ浽ʲô˼ǧ꣬ٴγ֣ѵҪһȷѪꡣ
ǵüǧǰµֹһΣӿ룬ųĲһɣ档
ҪǵߣһЩֱѡչأӴ˺ڴ½߶Ը̸µϵ顣
һЩˣʼʷڷʲôû֪
̶һһǧ궼֣ȴˣ˭ҲͲΨһİ취ֻ̤ȥܽ⿪յס
˭Ҫȥģ
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ҶǰֱߴɣӲ̶ȣھƷԪý쳤ǳķ
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ҶоһľеļǺŶʧˣ·ֻʣһˡ
Сӣûв´Ӧһ򡣡
Ľ˳ߵվҶϣüͷһ
ʲôǻ򣿡
Ҷ˿Ҳʧȥ˷ζ޷߳Ƭµ
ؼкܶණģһ֣Ưؼ䣬˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ֣˼֮أֻ֮Ƕһʱ䣬ٴʧ
Ľ׽͵
ʵҲһ磬ֻƬȽ⣬޶Ưؼ䣬ȫͷƼǧǰͳֹħֳˡ
ʲô취뿪
ʲôǹµҶǰҪ飬ǸϽ뿪һֱȥһֻܴڻ֮С
ҵ֮ģ뿪
Ľ׼˵
֮ģ
ҶЩһƬհףѹ֪ʲôȥѰһ֮ġ
Ȼ˵̶ѹпѹıǻ֮ģֻҪҵ̶лҵ֮ģѻ򡣡
Ľ׸Ҷ㲻ϵʾЩ̫Ҫˣ˼꣬Щ
ǰֻˡ
֮֮ҶܿƽԼ˷򣬼ǰ
ǳĴ󣬱ҶĻҪ󣬴濴ǧ֮ңǽ֮󣬲֪һƬȫС硣
СֿʼֵĺȫëƤһըƺʲôΣա
Сףʲôˡ
ҶСףҪš
磬ҸоһɿµϢǿ
Сޣ֪Ҫ໹ҪǿҪǸоΣգ϶һΣա
ǿߣȡ뿪Ƭ򡣡
ܶǸ߸ߵֲ裬Ҷ㶼Ҫʩչ˫УȴİԽԽŨ˫Ӵ֮Ҷȫ磬ֱӱ
һһ޿ٵǰڵϣɳɳ
𣡡
СͻȻһŭֱֲӱɣһͨͨͷųһŹĶ¶īɫ˫ۡ
Ϭޣ
Ľ׵һʱ֪ǰһֺޣʧҶ㶼ǵݡ
ҶһɨϰͷϬ޶ǵȥ·
ϬֻһǴСһīɫ˫ֱۣ˷ˣһûз͵ĳǰسɫëʮֿɲ
ǵצʮַЩϬ޲֪ڶ೤ʱ䣬йƺҶ㾹Ȼܲǵľ硣
СӣҪСˣϬ޾Ǳô򵥣һЩ츳ͨǳ
Ľ׸ҶѣСġ
ղŴҲ˻Ϭޣʼˡ
Сףصָ棬㲻ЩϬ޵Ķ֡
Ҷ㽫Сˡ
Сʮ֪ʱܸҶϺȣֱָȥˡ
Ľ׻Ϊɱ¾֮ɢɱ
СӣϬ޵㣬ǵ۾ֻҪϹǵ˫ۣܽɱ
ҶûмϬޣ֪ǵĽѡ
ɱ
ǰܶϬռݣҶû·һǰȥ׼忪һѪ·


1056 ̶
˿ɲҶ㲻֣ΪϬ޳ˣҶ㼱ٿצҪҶ˺ѡ
СӣϬл飬һֺĲϣ溬л֮֮󣬶кܴ档
ҴҲǲѡãƳɵܳ׵֮
ȻΪɱ¾֮Ľ׵ڸҶ㲻ϵĽ
Ľ˵Ĺ򣬻Ϭ޳嵽ҶǰǵٶȺܿ죬һǿ磬ֱӽҶηɳȥ
䣡
Ҷûü֣͵ɳȥǰצӡѪսһЩѷ졣
ÿٶȣǿĹ
Ҷ㰵ľԼ㹻ǿ󣬵ƾղһγʮҲɱġ
Ѫս۵һħ֮һҶ㻹Ǹоؿʹ¶ŨŨɱ⡣
ɱ
ҶͻȻ廯Ϊһǣɱ¾֮һɨٶȾȻҪȻϬ޻Ҫ졣
ͣ
ҶһͷϬ˫۱ҶϹʱʧȥ˷ҴܣͷӬһֱײͬϡ
һնͷϬ޵һΪһöīɫӳˣɵ˿УҪ˵ء
գ
ҶһУһ֣֮С

Ҷ㽫鶪ħʼҪ֪浽кصĵط
ף
ҶͻȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ溬һ˿֮ЩϬ޶Ϲʱޣ˴һֱ֮С
¾˼ʮٴܣĻһֱڡ
ȻǺö
һöҶԼ˲٣ѹָղԭʼҪǻ֮ԼĶ
Ӵ̼Ҷ񾭣ϬĻ龹Ȼһ˿֮յԽ࣬ҲԽǿ
ɱ¾֮赽˼£һͷͷϬ޵۾ҶϹֻҪȱ۾ǾҴܣ֮ͬҲɱ
Ҷûгɱȥ˼Ϭãʱ̳Σܲܳȥһ⣬ҶҪҵ֮ġ
ɱһѪ·Ҷĵط̽ЩϬ޸˦޴ֲ𽥼٣һĵˡ
뿪ΧҶµģֻһ޴Ļĵڻĵ룬һǳĺӦþ紫Ե̶ˡ
Сӣʵ
ҶճգۼĹŮҶΧҲǽЩߡ
Ҷһۣ֮УɱȻ
ҹ
Ҷ㷢һŭЩ˶Ƕ𵺵ĵӣֻҪ۷壬˾Щ˸вԼ
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𵺵ļ˶¶˷֮ɫһ·׷ɱҶˣû뵽ڹµˡ
ŮҶΧԭûκֱӳ֣ⱻ֪
ߣǲ֪Ķ
Ҷ㲻ɱˣƫƫЩԼǾԹˡ

ɱ¾֮һɨɲĽֱƷɳȥ
ۡ
ˣʵߵҲڣ͵ĲžسڣҶ֡
붦ѹ
Ҷһӣ붦ˣֱӽս붦֮Уʼ

˷Ĳҽһʱ䣬ǾͱҶѹֱ˼飬붦֮У¶֮ɫ
ˣҪɱǡ
˿ʼģϣҶһ档
Ұģ·˽֪
Ҷûᣬֱӻʬ𼣡
ˣֻҪϷŹңҿԸţһӶ㡣
Ůſǻ˵ϣҶˡһΡ
ˣ
ħ֣Ϊҽֻʣһ򣬶˾ħ֮Уз
֮Ҷûж̶ķȥĽ˵ǻ֮ģӦþ̶档
ΪҶ㱾ص棬ٴθıһòٷ磬£һ湫ӵģ
Ϣ˫֪⣬˶ֻ֪Ҫ˫ûʶݡ
˷ܶ˳׷״Χֲ֮ɱһѪ·ĵ֮ϣ޴̶
ǧˣڳֲǧңܶ˶˻Ϭ޵С
ѹǧǰôˣֻһ˻ųȥǵ˳ķ裬ǲԸٳ
ѵʲôֲ飿Щ˶ڲԸ顣
̶ǰûóȻȥΪ˭Ҳ֪ûʲôΣա
Ǹȥ
ɢɲɱ¾ָ֮߼꣬ȥ̽һ£̶ûйŹ֡
Ҳȥ
æԶԶأ֮Խп񵶣̫ſ񣬵˲ˣʵû˸Ҷô
Ǿ
һնһնϣֱŵɫ԰ס
ȥ
һɱ⣬˺ȵ
޲ܽɱＸǧΣܿɱһεĳ̶Եȥ
ڿ񵶵ĽȻûֹ˴Ĵָ磬ǿΪ߾Ҫӡ
ֻһЩʮޣЩνţԼʵǿ󣬾ΪΪЩСߣ
ҶҡҡͷȻ漸ƽʵȿʵǿҲУϧûһվĬ˿񵶵
ʣ֮£̶ֻ֮У忪ʼǱҪ浽ʲô
ǧ˶ס˺ĵȺڵǵϢ
һʱ䣬˲ðˮ棬˴˶¶˷֮ɫ
桭һ޴Ĺ
˸ղǱһ޴ĹϽ֪ͨ˴ҡ
ߣ
ʱ䣬Щ߶Ͳסˣ׷Ծ̶֮УǱˮףѰȥˡ
գۼĹ򣬹µʣ޼̶֮УȥѰұȥˡ
رҲ֪˶꣬ʲôܣû֪
Ҳȥ
ȻһԾ̶֮Уһ̹ǺϮ̶֮ˮǳҺǿ㺮ⲻʲô
һǱ̶ˮҲڵߣˮ磬Ҷüͷ΢΢һ塣
ô̶Ϊûһ
ҶЩ⣬̶ôãΪ̶֮УﶼûУЩô
ǰЩһ׷׳ˮ£һ޴Ĺڳˣˮƺֹͣˣ޷빬֮С
ϹŽƣ
ҶӦˣڣһƣˮֵ棬ֻҪƣܽ롣
ֵǣֵܵˮȥȴֵܵ࣬ܿ˴ǲƣ빬֮УʼѰұȥˡ
Ӷһʧһ빬档
ȥˣҶҲƮȥ޴Ĺ֮У˫صʱҶоһɳ֮Լ
ֿˣҶ޲ҪݺݵҧһڶǼһ
һɨŵľˡ
ĵطһͨӣ֧
֪ͨ쵽δЩ˷׷׽֮ͨС


1057 
Ҷʶһ͸ȥüͷԽԽΪҶоЩ˵Ϣƺƾʧˡ
йŹ֣ƺ˵ʶ
ҶֻôΪ˳ͨȥ
ͨ಻ܻ谵Ϊ⹬澹ȻһƬ֮ɫ̶Ĺâһ͸Ĺܿˮ
꣡
ҶСǰͻȻŵ״һҶͷһԭһڹͷϡ
ӣҶڹͷһ£ЩͷѾ绯ˣҲм֮á
һߣǧ꣬ͷҲ绯̫ˡ
ÿһγ֣˽бҲƱõĲˣҶԱﲻȤھҵ֮ģϽ뿪
վӣҶǰʱͣʱǰʱüʱչ̫ˣе㲻Ӧ
¡¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ʼζƺ˵һ㡣
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ڴһͷ޴ޣס˳ȥĵ·ֻǰ
СƬ˫ᣬ㣬ܷУڵϿٱߣһԳʮֿ¡
ޣ
Ľ״һﾹȻк޴ڣΪθղŽʱûз֡
ʲôǺޡ
Ȼڱ޶סˣҶֻüǰһڸĽ׽
һغޣ沢Ѫ̣Ҫ棬Щϧǡ
֮УѪӶһЩϲסںԲ˺޵Ľз
Ľ׿ٵĽ͵
˼Ȼ޲
ҶƺЩʲô
пܣͷҲٵҵʵƻһˣһٸҲǶ֣Ͻ취߰ɡ
Ľ״ŴҶϽ취ߣһ֮ã˴
ÿǧ꣬˽Ǵ󲿷ֶ˺޵ĿС
ҶЩˣΪνôߣֻм߳ȥȥ˶ԸΪѹͲ֪ʲôޣô̸
ĽʶҶҲʲôޣȥҲһƬãȻֻ˵޹
Ҫôͣ˭ţΪһѣԻųȥˣһѡ˼ڲȻ֪ɶҲ˵ˡ
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ϵǣǰġ
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𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬޴޺ˣʱҲŷӦϧѾˣֱ˽Ⱥ֮Уһҵɱˡ

Ͷ̶̰ʱ䣬мʮں޵Ŀӡ
ʲôޣ
ղ֮УлˣգۼĹ򣬾˺ܶ࣬ʣµĿʼӴܣҪ
Ҷڰʵû뿪ȫϢźſ޿ڣһǼʮ˱ĸУ֮У֮ɫ
ٵɵʵһɱʮظ֡
ҶƺֹͣĿźɱˡ
ʮʱ䣬ղżֻмѳȥ˳ͨ뿪ˡ
ûˣ޼ζȥ
Сӣȥֻиź޵ĺ棬лҵ֮ġ
ĽѾ²пڣȻޡ
Сĸں棬ⱻ֪ϰ׵ľ룬ҶߣҲ㹻ʱ䡣
ֻ֮Ҫ䵥ߣɵҶѾľˣŹȥһյʱ䣬ϰߡ
֮УտյˣҲԵӵɢˣôЩ꣬бҲӶĲˡ
ˣʲôҲûС
񵶺Ҫ׳ˣʲôﶼûз֣ĴǿտյëҲ
ҿӰ׷ˣ
ԽߣЩ߿ʼۼһ𣬽һƬ޴Ŀռ棬һνɺüǧˡ
Сиʲôұ죡
Ϊûеõʲô鲻ãЩ˽СУȳһ䡣
֣׷ɱˣѾ˿ǧˡ
˴ſǻ˵ղŴӺȫһ˿
ڼ˵Ĺ򣬺޳ˣһɿֲϢѹ
ôܣ
˴һ׷׼оΣա
ҶԶź˽ȥ濴ȥ
ôţ˫Ȼ档
ҶҲһľһ·׷ϣܶŶƵ׼һˡ
ɼޣ
˫¶֮ɫڳֻʵߣ˾ڵɾǰԵޱС
ҲҪţôˣ㲻ܽɱֻҪ忪һͨǾӳȥ
̴ϪȻһ߸ϵӣһֻѾ̤˾˵Ӧǰ벽˾
ûӦЭ
µΣû̵⵽׷ɱһҧгݡ
С۾һɨ˿ȥ¶м֮ɫƺڸǣˣ˭Ҳȥ
𣡡
޷һֱӳȺ֮Уʼ޼ɵɱ
ʱ䣡
Ѫɣʱ޿̶ν棬˼
ߣ
Ҷûֱͣˣҵһεĵط
ӳȥ϶ԼҶڽֵĹȶ
߰
ֱӷ˵ֵ׷׳ڳȥֻҪ뿪ˮ׹صϣȻͰȫˡ
Ҷ㰵ңҺԼһģÿ˺˽һʱÿƵ
Ҫʲô콫ҷſ
һ߿Ȼһζơ
ζƣһ֮ͨд˳ȥҪߣһҲ
֮󣬷׷Ч£ֳЩСץȥЩػһЩͼߣֱ޵ĿС
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬βһɨҪߵ˫ֱӱƷɳȥһѪ
ʮ׳ۣʲô˾ںǰСĿ
¹ǿҵĹȻҡôγɵģһһ
Ӷ˳ɹѣ˳ͨص̶֮УҪܵ½ϣҲȥˡ
սһյʱ䣬üǧ˱ɱֻаңȫ˵ء
Ҷʶһɱǧˣڴң̫ˡ
޾Ѫ֮һɨһӰҡҡβͣʼȥ

Щߣֱһƨ˵ϣڵĴųֱӸŻ


1058 
̶̰ʱʱ䣬̫飬ղŻǧˣֻа˻
ټĵ¹տյζƺѲӣﲻ׼κ̤롣
лǱһЩˣҪ׷ʲô飬޿ʼѲӣŵȫ뿪֮Уʱߵĸɸɾ
Ҷ㽫󷨣Ѫս۽ҶϢֲ˶ʱ䡣
ǳưܣϲϵɱǽ֮ϣܶط˽ɫЩѪȥ̫ãγڵɫ
ЩڵϵıһЩΪĩЩ߱ҶѹͲȡ⾪ޡ
ϵˣʲô̶ôˣȥĵ·ҲҲѵҪһ𡣡
ϣ˿ʼɧͬʦֵܣǼ֮ˣһˣ̫ء
̴ϪɫǺܺÿһκ޻ʮӣֻԼ
ұ죡
ɧ˫һȣ¶ѪղűβͲɨУǶܼʱѾ档
Ҷ˿һۣ׷ײ˵˼ҿ˾˭ֻܱ졣
ǰƺ̶ڣҿӦһĿռ䣬˽޷ȥˡ
̴Ϫô£ϾһֻҲ̤˾˫˵
˫˵ͷ˿Ҳûʲôˣܻܲųȥһ⡣
Ҽ̸ѹ˺ܶ࣬һЩ˵ģʼ˿ڣԶԶı̶ܿͻȻ
źһʧͨͷҶһҲʱƣٲ뿪ҶƾҪ©ˡ
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Ҷ㳯෴ķȥղűɱЩ˱ȥԻȡԴ
ǧһóȥˡ
Сӣ㷢ûУ޺ػʲôֻҪӳȥˣͲ׷ϣͷɱ
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ҶħźĴ֪ʪ͸ˡ
գͱ֡
ҺоħȻҶţµ·ˣ⹬֮УûصĵطֻҪ©һ˿Ϣ޾ܷ֡
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ҶĶˣ˫ȭա
ѵ𣿡
Ҷ㲻ȷҪǱˣ³ƸҲࡣ
ҡҡԴת뿪ˣûзʲôֻǾЩһ
ˣ
ҶǿҲ֪оһ亹
ˣ
Ҷ㴭һڴӾħ֮߳ܿ뿪طȥ
߼Ҷٴνп޾Ȼȥûа취˾ħ֮У֮
ǽ֮󣬺ûٴβ鿴ǳνҲ˹ȥֵ鷢ˣǽȻԼı̬ܿһͨ
Ȼˣ
Ҷһô£̶ԭ⹬֮£ھֻкԼ֪
ڲǺܴɺԼȥ
źһʧҶٿؾħΪһǣͨرյʱҲ֮롣
ûóȻʶɢȥǰľһ
Ĺ
Ҷ㾪ȵﶼһŴѼ
ʧˣҶӾħ֮˳˫ڵ֮ϣٳ޷Ӧ
е
ĽҲһܣȷ
ⲻܰɣӦ֮ô
Ҷ㷴ΪĽײ´ˡ
ң֪ҸҶԣ
Ϊʲô֪Ľ׼Բ²⣬ҲһҪǰĻҪҪ׳ۡ
ĸֱצӴҶľѪƺˡ
ֻڣ滹֪ʲô
̤֮Уӭһ޴ɢһµƣҶ㱻Ƹɳȥ
֮Ужǽ
ơס̣ʳ续Ȫ乡ˡװŵĻ䣬ףǴ͸Ĺ󣬻궥һȦǳһĵɫȾɡ
ʩһӦȫƱ֮УʢƣһλҳûС
ȥˣ
ҶûóȻȥӦҲ棬Լ϶᲻ϧһд׷ɱԼ
ֱ˵棬ھħ֮Уһյʱ䣬޴Ӿ޴Ĺ˳
ܿһۣûзʲôʱڣ򿪽ƣ˳ȥƻϡ
ղźһ飬ûʲôʧûʧŷĵ뿪
޴ĹɢĿĹâҶþòƽǴ˵еĴڣ쾹ȻҼˡ
֮У嫣ҺҶѪȻ嫵ֱӾͱѹ
ǽȥ
ղź޽棬϶ʲôȻ޲ӡ
һ޹Ϣĵطÿһ޹ɴСǳ޴
Ҳ֪ô֮ܵУ̶ֳ棬滹˲˽ƣƺԸ˷֡
Ũ
ҶͻȻŵһɾⲻԶӦԶ֮С
ǰǴ޹֮⣬кܶÿһ̻Իͣɢ⡣
Ӧסĵط
Ľ׸Ҷʾ֮Уֻһ壬ֻ档
һΣҶʧԭأ˹֮⣬ֲﶼûУֻд
ҶʶһɨûʲôΣգſ粽ȥ
̣
ҶҪʱһǿֱ֣ӽҶ㵯ɳȥ
ۣ
ҶһѪɫһ˿֮ɫ
ô
Ҷվž֮ɫҪȸղŽĴǿһǧһ򱶣µƣҶԨоԼޱȵС


1059 Ѫ
ҶѵĴӵϳֱָ飬һ˷ܣһ䱸һǺһȸԾ
һҸоϢȫѪҺҪˡ
ҶҲѪƺ󺣵ĸоҪȲĽȥ֮
һҶ֮ٴŲȥ
һܵųС˺ܶ࣬ٴ󺣣Ҷܲȥ
Ȼ˲٣嫣ݱɸ̬ҪҶȥڵأκ̤롣
ǺޣҲֻ̤벻
ҶȻѪûмӦ˵ǷȱʲôܻΪ
֮ҶٴԭأһޱȾ޴ǰڷҶǰɺɽǴʳ
⡭֮
ɾҶþòƽֱԭء
ûӦþ֮
ĽҲ˳ž޴ǣжϡ
ϧʱǨķʧˣֻк嫵Ҳ𲻵á
Ҷſϧʱȥ̫ˣʧһɶҲղ
ԣԣ꣬ҲʧпܣǱɱ˷򡣡
Ľҡҡͷ㾭꣬Ҳʧֻһֿܣ˳ˣֻʣһǼܡ
˭ôܽɱ򡣡
Ҷٴ¶֮ɫϵģһŲ˭ɱ壬һ
Ͳö֪ˣ
Ľ̯̯֣Ҳ˭ôɱһͷ
ǳĴҶ㿪ʼѰңûŨһɢġ
ˣˡ
ڹһ࣬ð˹˵ǷڵĿˮðֶ
ҶһֱӴ˹ȥڷһ޴ĳӣһ˶ߣҶ㿴棬ֻðһӣվȥſ
Ѫ⾹ȻѪ
Ҷ˷ܵĺһȫѪ֮ѪŽɫÿһζɢ⡣
Ѫ֮УһûʧѪ¶ߣϰٶȣǹ̵Ŀˮϵķݡ
ЩѪҿԽĵǹ룬ؾֱӾ֮壬ӴԺؼĴ֮⣬ҵǣǿġ
Ҷʼ˼
кػ϶޷ȥǻûҵ֮ģֱ硣
񳯵濴ȥƺиӿɲϢ棬Ҷȥ鿴
֮Уɢֲ⣬ҶʮܣҪóȻ棬ƻֱӱѹ⽴
ķ޴֮⣬Ѫˡ
滹һ𹬵ɢϢҶڵľ磬˵ȥż
ܽȫѪĹϵų⣬ǳܼѹ
СӣҪʲô
ҶͻȻѵ·ֻСãȥĽ¶֮ɫҶҪʲô
ȻѪ˵Ҹʲô
ҶһۣǰֻѪܰԼ硣
Ѫ·
Ľ׻ǲףȻˣﻹЩų⣬Ҷ׻壬Ľײϵıӡ
ȥ
Ҷ˵꣬ȥȻѪȥֱѪ
СӣѰ·ҪҲܣҪҰ
ҶҪѪ֮УĽ׷ĲҽΪҶѰ·
ʲô𣿡
Ҷͣס壬Ź֮ɫĽס
Ѫ֮ȥֱܽըҲ㣬͸Ͻ
Ľ׸ҶѣѪ㾭꣬ҲѪǷǳĿֲ
ҶһĵĶֱ˻Ѫ֮УԴûȥˡ
ҶֱѪ֮УĽʧˣվԭأһƬհס
찡ذôôడòĻᣬȻСӻ̣ˡ
Ľ״ض㣬һҪģڵϴ
Ѿĸұ죬ٲ죬Ҫˡ
ҶͻȻð˳ϵı鶼ŤˣĽ׺һ䡣
㻹û
ĽֱŹҶ㣬ΪҶֱӱѪػΪһѪˮ
ѵϣ
ҶĵĿһۣų뻯Ѫ棬Ѫȥˡ
һ𾪵ĽվԭأȫţҶܳܵסѪѹȡ
ҶҪԶˣǱһ̽Ҳ⣬ر壬аѵӣһĹƤйǡ
ҶܺУ϶ͺгˣ˿ȫѪ
ѪһһССؾġ
Ҷ֮Ѫ֮УԭģΪоԼħ֮壬ѪһϣԭֿǻϬĻ֮Ѫ
ҵʹҶʹȥڻѪ֮УֱһЩѪ棬ʼҶںϡ
ˣˣ
ѪʼҵķҪҶѹ

Ҷз˾ŭ𣬾ħУһѪ֮еӴ
ʹʹʹ
Ҷ㺰ʹ֣ȫѪ˺ˣ˿ڳ֣Ѫֱӹ뵽Ҷ֮С
Ѫ֮УӴľ֪ҪٱֱӹҶ֫ٺǾޣЩӿľˡ
֮УХƻƷ
ֲͬľγɣѪҺѾɫչҶ֮壬ԽԽ
棬ǧ壬ޣͳκܶ磬ǲĥ塣
ǵѪҺ֮УһʥǾ֮УΰֻԶʱڲŻᵮسһ͵ˡ
ϧʱǨʧǲɸıʵĽ˵֮У޳ˡ
֪һʱȥˡ
̶棬ʣµİʮˣ齨һ𣬳ȥޱ޼ʣҲڣζϬ޸ƻ
֮£ֻûصĵ֮ϣ̶ԶԶģһ϶¶ή֮ɫ
ĳȥ𣿡
ʣ֮УżȲš
һг·ǧǰӳȥܶˣҾͲˣǻһӡ
ţȻǧǰӳȥ϶г·ģֻûҵѡ
ĻһǿļҶˣʼϢΪϾҪҹ˭֪ҹûΣա
ҶѾľˣ־ҵʹһʧȵ˫۵ʱһ
ʧˣеʧˣԼ壬Ҷ׻
ѵ𣿡
ҶֻʣһʲôҲ֪û壬ûԪ񣬿еĸܵʹҵȥˡ
ҶãˣֻһҲ֮Уҵʹ໹ڲϵĳʱιȥ


1060 Ԫ
Ҷʶƺϵܵľ𽥳ǰ
ǣϵĽףһжǻĴڡ
ȴԼô¡
ϵĽͻȻǱʲôƨһ£֮Ͽȥ
ԪϣѾľȻԪˡ
Ľ׿ϵһӰͶҪˡ
һԪΪѡϣʱ䲻̫ҪҪһֻܱһԪӤģûʲô
ҪԪϣͲˣֻܶᣬ϶ȡ
Ҷ˿ԪϲһԪ뿪壬ֻеҶ㾹ȻԪˡ
Ľ׺УϵӰӳ濴ȥȻڻѪ֮Уüͷ壬ƺܼʹࡣ
ಣ
һɾ޴֣֮Ԫص˱֮УҵʹϮϵı˺ѣ죬˺ѣ죬ѪҺѾȫ˽ɫ
ҶڲٿԪһԪϣȻˣղôԪôˡ
Ѫ֮еľ̫ӴҶҲѪ֮ûʲôų⣬ˣǵɾѪ֮УҲֻܱѪű塣
󺣣Ҷһصĸ֮Уʼѿɱ䡣
ϸ֯ϵ˺ѣ飬˺ѣ飬ҶҲʹȥ
ʹʱ䣬ֹͣѪ֮еѪҲĵĲˣ뵽Ҷ֮С

һڲɢµ⽫ѹȥҶͻȻΪһ֮ε
ܿ컯Ϊһ壬֮ϡ
ϧֻݱһʱ䣡
֮ҶЩδڽΪѪֻϧֻܼһʱ䡣
Ҷ㾳粻ԺʱҲӡ
ϥ£Ҷ㿪ʼ龳磬ѾͻƵس۷壬ͻƵغ۷壬ԪҲ֮ͻƣһ𣬽ؾ
Ҷ˵ǣ꺣֮УŻ֣ƾҲԶˣͻһ磬Żܳ¶
ǰŻҶ̫ľϲ֪Żʲô벻Ч
߱ʽҶҲܽʽʩչʽǿȰ벽˾
ħű䣬ҶоħͻҲԶˣ䣬ҶʮڴܸԼʲôı仯
Լ壬Ҷоǿ˲ֹʮڵƾһȭܴغڡ
ԪƿԿ벽˾ˡ
Ľ״ޱ𾪵Ҷ㣬һĲ˼顣
㡭㾹Ȼˣɹ֮塣
Ľ䵽Ҷļϣ赸
ѾĸղŻ˵Ҳ֪ôҵ˾˾һҲ޷ҵ
ҶӵĿһĽףѪ߹ȥղյʱҶ㷢ֻѪ滹һڲ
棬Ҷ㿴һö쵰Сӣɢ޾ܿɫߡ
飬֮飡
Ľ׾龹Ȼڣ򣬱˳ߣһг̫š
˳ߣΪβѪ飬ֻǵĽˡ
Сӣ׬ˣö飬ͿĻˡ
ĽΧ˵
̫£һľڵֻѰ·
Ҷһž
ѾĻе֪֮˼Ҫ۲
Ľ׵˵ͷҶ˵û
ಣ
鱻ҶĿǰһ죬ҶԽ飬ݱ̬
ղݱֻӰһ˿
ǹɺ嫵£ӰͨѪģǹ֮
ʵǣѾ޷ѹҶ㣬ȫˣЩڰҶ㴸
ǽǸˣȻҰԺɱ
Ҷ㽫ɱ֮У֮Ѫ֧ţҲޣҶ㽫뵽ɱ֮С
棬֮ǣҶҲǰľ
ͷǻģʣ϶ա
ħ
֮Ƿǵһ㱻ҶϽħ֮УԺȡ֮еľ
¡¡
濪ʼζ֮ǣֹҶǿק϶ɾ޴Ķ
ҶޱСģѹ͵ͣһȥҶҲֻܱɵ
ҺǲܸһУĶû޵ע⣬Ҷӿקٶȡ
һʱ䣬ҶŽ޴ǸϽ˾ħ֮С
̣
֮ھħ֮̾ռһСĵطħͻڼˡ
ڲͻƣռҲԺͻҶķչ
һУҶ㳯ȥ
ߣǽȥܾã֮ģѹı
Ҷ²⣬Ľ׳ȥֿµѹ֮·ѹҶͷһʯ
пܣѹҲСӲ쵽ֵزֱӵõһɡ
Ľ״һҶͻķɱ¾֮ˣĽ׵Ȼϣʹ˽Ҫص磬ڻص۷塣
İɣҲ㣬ܽΣҶָ۷״̬
ҶĽ׻˼ܶ˵õ˸߼ıͻǰġ
Ҷ㲻ܣɱɱ¾֮ҶһԼѵʱ򣬰Լ̫̫ࡣ
ңھҶһڵҲ޷
ţҶȥֿµѹ֮ԽԽŨ
ôз
Ҷһͷˮ棬ѹ֮Ȼǿ󣬻ΣҶ㣬ܴҶȫͷ
ĽҲһãȻһۣȥԽԽַҲ𽥱
Ҷƺõϴӣʮִ
޷ѵз
ĽС۾ڼٵת˼ַܿһ𰸣Ƿ޷ֻ
޷ܶ꣬ܳѱ˰ڴ֮ˣ޷ܷسɷ
źģҶȥһ龿Ҳ֪Ϊ
ʲôѹǺ֮ʲôϵһжһ޴š
ҪǣҶҪ֮뿪̫Ҫ뿪һᵣĵģĸ׻ԼȥˣѣҶ㶼ܷ
ܿڴ濴ȥƣʣȫһƬ硣
ڵ룬ڷһһ˸ߵİ˽еķǴɢġ


1061 ˱
Ҷ˵ڴƣзԹ⣬ֱţ仹˾
ûȷ޷
Ľ׳˼һ£Ե
ʲô޷
Ҷʵ˿Ҳ㲻ôз𣬸ôһ
ǧ磬ڵ壬磬Ҫɽ绹ҪԶ޷ǷϵֻŻ
ÿ޷֣綼һ𵴣ѾˣҲûгֹ޷û뵽ﾹȻˡ
Ľʵ֪Ҳ࣬һЩƬϢϾֻһ飬ӴĶǺܶࡣ
Ҳû޷кصĵطǺһѡ
ϵҶ㲢ûоʲôϡĵطֻԼ˲١
㻹֪㣬ѵ㲻ãħԽԽС𡣡
Ľױһۣ޷ѷĻȻˡ
˵ûղͻƾ磬ЩһЩط޲ַ֮ʧˡ
Ҷһ£ȷһЩ仯
ǽȥɣ˽Ӧ
Ҷ˵ȥ

ҶҶԴϣҶͷȫŪңץˡ
ʲôѵ˵𡣡
Ҷ㽫Ľ׾ģ¶һ˿ŭ⡣
Ƿ˱ȼ֮ϣ԰˱ʥҲ֪߳ٱ
ĽҶĲϵԾҶͣǷ˱

ҶҲȵˣ⾹Ȼһʥô䵽
ôûôţư
Ҷָܿ˱ɢһЩѹ֮֮⣬صĵطѹ֮ԼѹסοǸ߾ˣʥƬ磬ƶɲ¡
ȷǷİ˱ΪαӣҲƸһɣ˴˾磬һͨķ
ĽֻôͣΪҲ㲻˱ôӣƺֻǱԼ߳һ㡣
˵˱ǲǻ֮ģڸսʱܾԾ䣬ͨķ
ҶƲ
пܣ򣬾Ǳ˱ѹˣƴһͬھˣ˱٣ƬӦǱѳγɵģƯ֮С
ĽҲ˵ͷ
һ㸡ˮ棬п˱սգƬγһ磬֮Уʱĳ֡
Ҷܴһ磬ҪôǿҲзԲһһȻֻһռƬ
˽֮󣬷ƺһʧ뵽˰˱֮У˱Ҳʧȥ˹󣬱ͨǹǿѹ֮Ȼڡ
Сӣǽ˱ȡˣƬ׼𣿡
Ľ׳ҶʵҪȥֻΨһİ취ˡ
ã
Ҷ㽫Ľ˱˹ȥϳޱ֣֮ɫǷ䵽Լ
㹻Ĳϣƣָ۷״̬ǿһʥ֮񣬼۲
Ȼ˱ķĲˣڣĲϿޱ󣬾ɽ綼һѰ
˱һ˲㣬Ӧؾ磬ͽҲǷ͵ĴڣηӣǷ棬֪࣬𣬷ʥ޷
ֻгɾ޷𣬲Ƿ߾硣
һ˸ߵİ˱Ҷ˫֣׼ȥҶ˫ֽӴʱ򣬰˱ȻСһһ߸ҵ
ף
ҶҲû뵽˱ƺԼһС䵽Ҷ
ĽѾˣԲ˵
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ʼҡΣѣնѿˣҶһȣ
ʱ䣬̴ϪһֱڹµϣγЩֲϬ޸¶Ƿ֮ɫ
ͻȻ֮䣬ضɽҡµʼѿճѷ죬Ҫˡ
ô£ѵҪˡ
˷һǲ˴
𣡡
ڴʱһɿµɱ⳯ҶϮ޳ˣضɽҡֵһ̣޵һʱ֮УǻѪˣ
ãߣ
Ҷʹ֮Ϸȥʱִѷ죬˳ѷ죬Ҷ㳯ȥ
˫Ҷ׷ȥһ֣޳ˡ
䣡
µֱӽҶɳȥһЩطѺۣѪȻǳܲסɵĹ
ҶʮƣԼʵ֮ͬУ޵еĴڣƫƫٵɺޡ
һѪûκͣΪһǿ⣬ֱӴѷ죬ص̶֮ϡ
Ҷɳ̶һ̣ͣڹµϵİ˶ˣһĿ۽Ҷһϡ
ģ̶ıﶼõˡ
񵶷ŭ֮¶񱩵ɱ⣬ҪҶ㳹նɱ
𣡡
޳ˣɵУҶҧ£ҧУҶʮԵġ
죬ڿһ㣡
ҶĶˣ޵ͶҪеƨˣͲһܱ޳Ե
ǣ
Σͷʹ֮ƺˣٴ쳤һ࣬Ȼһ磬Ҷ嶸Ȼ١
꣡
޵ҧ˿ռϣҪҧеʱҶʧˣֱС
ΪǺޣȻϲˮɵ֮󣬺ܿص̶֮УҶʧʡ
䣡
ʼҡѷԽԽ֮࣬ϣִѷ죬Ҷֱӻһߣһѷ죬׼뿪
ҲߣƬҪˣ
̴ϪӦȽϿ죬Ҷ㣬ҲѷȥʱһƬ꣬ѿؿʼݣһ³ȥ
ǿĿռ伷ѹ֣Ҷ·˽һ㣬ǳѣ֮Уռ侧ҪݻҪǿ
ָоʱ䲻ǺܳҶظоĿռ俪ʼݣƬ
֮ϣ̴ϪٵıܣƬռϾҪʱӳȥ϶ᱻռ伷ѹ
ಣ
һʩչ˼£ǰѾһ˿⣬ڼֻҪ뿪ܻصħ
ҶҲû뵽Σʱ̣ʹ֮ˣղֻǸоԼ󱳴ˣܵѪĴ̼ʹ֮һֻҶûзֶѡ

ͻȻһϮħҶǰڴӻ֮зɳ
˿̵Ĺµʼһ³ȥѾߣʼ߻ۣ˸һӰϳˡ
֮ϣ̴Ϫ˺ܿѷ֮ǱӴܳӳãµʧ֪ʧģƴӴԺʧؼ䡣
ץסǸСӣ
һȣһ׷ȥȻܷУٶ죬ĵҶ
ر˫֮еɱ⣬Ի۳ɺ˺Ȼɱ⣬Ҷݺݵײȥ˫ʼ׷
һΣҲҶߵĻᡣ


1062 
ҶħΪھĴıҶȡ
̶֮еıҲҶ֣֮ôܲ۲
ǿߣǻȳһ׷׸Ҷ
֮ϣֳּ㣬ȻҲ˿УֱסҶȥ·

һȳ֣һ˾ֳ֣˫ᣬҲᡣ
ǰ׷Ҷ뵽
ڻһ䣬һ޴ƳҶ£ֱסҶȥ·
ն
ɱ¾֮һն£֮һΪȻûҶ㣬ǳɹߵ·ߡ
Сӣɣ
˫׷ɢɲɱ⣬ֵȻҶ㲼˽ƣˮһգʲôҲû̵ôܲŭ
˵꣬˫һƳҶ£ޱȣɢ棬ûƬգ֪˫˿еķŭ֮ˮҪҶ㳹ɵ
֮£ҶͻȻһ»䵽˵֮ϣҲϵˡ
Сӣ㲻
񵶶˵һҶ㿳£ˡҶ˼
ҹһĶҲȾָϵı
Ҷŭ˾׷ɱҲͰˣȺһĶҲΧ
ɸսʱҶ㻹κβ˿񵶣ȣհɣʵ˷츲صı仯
һ֣һȭ񵶺ݺݵ¡
ģ
ѣ֮ϣһͨնµĵһѿܲסҶһȭ
ֹȭΪŭֱӳٴϯȥĽһЩֱӱƷɳȥ
䣡
ȭֱƿ񵶵ķؿ֮ϣߵǶߵķݣݺݵıɳȥ
ۣ
һѪӿ񵶵һУͱҶɣش
̴ϪһҶղչֳ벽˾Сʵô˿¡
ǵð֮ǰسڣŶ̶̹ȥʱ䣬ʵԳɱɱٶ
Ҷɣһͷ˻ɳ֮Уֱ˹ȥǽ֣Ҷһȭƶܽ񵶴򱬡
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һϣɱϷֱ
˾δ£Щŵӣ׷׳֣ղ˵ŵӣһ˿顣
ϰһҶΧȻҶǿһһֻҪ˾ȫϮϰˣҶֻܡ
ն
һӡն£ֱնȺ֮УŭһҶһԪ
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ɱҶ㻯ΪһӰֱͣ뿪ԭأԶȥ
׷Ҫˣ
ҲԼһ䣬Ҷ׷ȥ

ҶŭЩ˻Ĳ֪Ҷʮֱŭ
ɱһ
׷ᣬҶֱʩչɱһȻˣҶ㲻նɱˡ
һޱĽˣһ޴ʵɱһ¶
ϣһɫ֣ײеĽ⣬˺죬һļ£ﳼĽŰ
Ҷг޾ɱ⣬ݱɱһŨе似۳һС
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Ҷ֮УĮ飬ȴһŨŨɱ⣬ɱ֮УĮϢ·Ҫ⵽һҶĳͷ
ÿµ񣡡
̴ϪʮԼûеһ׷ȥֵһУƻᱻɱһֱն
ѪɱҶޱϲסԼˣҪҪɱԼˣһҲҪɱҲһȻˣҶβɱ֤
⣡
ͻȻһö⣬ȻҲǰһöһƷǷƷҲޱǿ
һʹâˣǰֵɱһ
꣡
ڹâֵһ̣ն£һֱӱ飬ΪһƬص
ۣ
ֱһѪɫήȥ
ϧûˡ˼ն£ƱҪնɱ»δֹͣ
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ٴųɹâϾȻб£ҼǳͣҶһóеĵơ
Ϊ벻ЩȫĮӵûһ˹˼ûͷһ˳Ҷŭ
ҷı£곹ױ©˵֮С
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦ˲ն£ϣͻȻâʢȻֵסҶһ
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һʱ䣬¾ȻڴѿΪмʧؼ䣬壬ֱӱ©˵ǰ

һĲҽУЩ˵ҰһĶס壬Щֱ¶а֮ɫ
Ҫɱ㣡
ˣҵһ·ϣȻȥҪҶͬھ
ǧ˵棬Ҷǹ·վЩ˵ǰһƷһ֮ͣŮ衣
ϧҶʧˣС˺գҶڼʮ֮⡣
Ĺ˿տԭҰϣĳ˫ͻȻÿն
ŭ޾ŭȼգ֮Ůױ£һ˿ҵվ˵ǰ־壬Ϊ֮ĵ˼̻
Щò˶ãܴݣǽįĶ
̻öˣ⵽ҵķɱ˶⣬ȫǺ󻰡
վԭأȫ˫ҧһѪҺ˳˿оʹʹܽܣϵ˺һӶˡ
ģɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ԣĵһ̣֮ϣƺ춼֤ԡ
ģԾȻ¼ڲˡ
̴Ϫ¶һ˿˼֮ɫѵҲʲôת
ʮ֮⣬ҶʮǱĴ֮˳ܿ켸ǿϢѹȶ
겻ɢ
ҶûʱϢ˾ĸ׷ɱԼ
ر˫ֳɱ⣬һʱ̶ܴ̽Ҷ档
ʹ֮չҶУҺʹ֮ˣȻ˾׷ɱҶ㻹ûа취
ٶҶ㲻ǣγ˽ֵľ档
ħһƽڣһЩŷ׷뿪һ˶ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ֻһ˱˼סˣ˽Ҷ㣬ϢݳȥҪ˭
ħ֮ϣһ׷Ҷ㱻׷ҹˣǻǲϰݡ
Ȼһֱ׷Ǿ͸ɣ
Ҷǰһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ħһ࣬ħˮȻɫģ֮һ㡣


1063 
ħһɳĮһħħ
Ҷʱ䣬뵽ħԵûκͣһͷããħ֮ϡ
ĺˮϮȫҶ뺣ףʹ֮һٵζܿ޾ĺ֮С
Ҷ뺣׵һ̣ĵӰһɫ˾˫Ȼɺ֮ɫŷˮĺ档
ҵĿĶһղСϻڽħʲô뷨Ҳ˵
˵Ǻպİ丮Ȼ丮ʮţǵҲСһ丮ˡ
˷ֱˮˣһ£һ«һ˾ȻŮӣˮԷĻˣ˵Ȼ˫ˡ
ûСӲõ˱õ˴ʵԼʯõһöһ̶֮УҲõʲôռݡ
ˮ˵˵ͷѾҶһ
ἰ˫ϵɱ¶ǰ˶Ǻպĸ֣˴Ȼûм棬⣬໥֮䣬Щɵ
ˮ˵˼Ǹô죿
һɫˮԷܶŮӣĿľȻǳ壬ܶ߶ϲȥˮԷѰ֣վȽŸͷǳ򵥡
ڳħһ׷ȥڶ͵Ⱥ׳޾ΣȥҲһȫˣҿǲٴεȺһ죬Ҳܲ˺׵Ĺ﹥ԼðˣֻҪüɡ
ˮ˵ԼĹ۵㣬ħ֮УУвһЩǿ֮֮£ûóȻȥ
ˮ˵ħ棬ʮΣգСò˶ãͻԼ
丮ͬˮ˵Ⱥһ졣
˶˵ͷ׷ױʾͬ⣬ڱˣõУƽ֡
ռĸֻҪҶһðܷ֣Բ˷סˣҶһǲѷɡ
Ҷ岻Ǳˮ߻û裬ܿһ
ܶȥ֮󣬷׷ŵӴܡ
ҶЦһ͸棬Ҷܸо϶ڵԼȥͶ
ȻϲȥҶͲϵǱˮ״ϼ˵ˣȥ
ϧԸΥյʱ䣬Ҷ㱻ΧˣһǱһȺ˰Χ
ʲôˣΪô̡
㳤Ű˵ӣϰģ°벿˵ӣβˮذڶֲֳӣһ¶׺ݵӡ
ˣһļϸǸϽɱ
һҶ˵Ӧһͳ죬ʱ˵һŲӣҪ׼ɱҶ㡣
λֵܣҲʲôϸǱ֮£Ǳˮ£λ
Ҷп಻հ׷ɱ䵽ЩˣʵȻһ㲻߰ҡ
ڰϣҶ㵹ҲôϣϧˮҶʵۿۣ˼ҵĵ̣˭֪ûǿػ
ϻ˵ҿļϸŲ̽Ϣ
϶ˣҶǼϸҪҶ㡣
㵽ǺˣΪγ
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ʵħ׷ɱ֮£ŶܵˮС
ҶЦһָָ棬˼ǣŵĻǿȥ
ͳһ֣ʿȥˮһ̣ĵǿʶɨŵüֱˮ
֮εͳߣ˵һЩʲô
㵽˭ôǿߣ˵ݹǲ
ͳЩϾǼӣƻʱͻȻ˴壬϶ļϸ
ͳ쳯Ҷȳ⣬ܲơ
λˣ㼸Ҿ뿪ˣǴʲôΣ
ҶôͣԷǲ忪ʼҶչ˹
ҶʮƣƵ˼㣬Ǻˮѹ޴һȭȥȻ˾ųɣʮȥ޻һԡ
棬Ҷͱ׽ݺݵıŰһıףҺǿ󣬶һЩƤˡ
ȥ峤䣡
һȺ˽ҶǱܿһƬأȥ֮£Ȼ칬һƬ˼硣
ҶҲǿ۽磬⺣֮£Ȼһ⾰ѹ׷ɱԼ˲ŭ˺Ĺ
ǶǷʲôֱ֣
һ֮У峤ŭ棬һȺȺ֣峤ǲ⣬ŭ
飬ǶҪᡣ
峤һɱ⣬ŵЩɪɪеٴ죬ٴγ֡

ͻȻһ֣һٵĳ֮У峤ǰ
ʲôˣΪδСС
峤ͲãûһŽ߷ɡ
ͷͳץһ壬ļϸ档
˿ٵ˵

峤һ֣Щֵԣš
ܿ죬Ҷ㱻һȺѺ˴֮У岻ܶ濴ȥһޱϬԼ
μ峤˹ĳ򣬱ץ˻峤ᡣ
ͳͷץҶ򵥵˵һ飬Ȼ˵ҶǹҶ۽ŭɣ£òͷκβǡ
峤Ҷ㿴˹ȥµѹѹȵҶ㴭ȻҲ˾Ϣ˫֮ϡ
ѹЩ˲ʵ˿֮¡
ʵۿۣͬ棬Ƕ֡
Ҷһӣضκβˣֱӱ˻׽
˵㵽ʲôˣΪγ塣
峤һȣµ˳Ҷ
ˮֱӷֿһͨ
֮£Ҷֻýȥ˵һ飬һЩط޵һԼϻȡıй¶ȥ
ֻ˵Լ˵׷ɱ֮£ħ֮С
Ҷ峤û˿仯ƺһʮƽ顣
ȥɱˣȥι㣡
峤һ䣬Ҷ¶һ˿ɱ⣬ǲɷ˵Ȼһ˵ҪɱԼ
ҶҪʱͷ˵ˡ
峤ļϸǲѺԴϻȡϢԺһãɱˡ
ͷȻҪҶ㣬Ǽϸ϶õļֵ
Ͱ˵ȥɣȥ֣
峤˵꣬ͷҶȥ֮Уٴ֣ʮϧ棬β룬̫ʮ


1064 ̸
Ҷ㱻ͷȥ֮еٴ𣬻峤ŭ
ͷ֣лΪ飬ĲʲôʲôϸҸ峤顣
ִ򲻹˼ң˼ҵĵϣҶֻǷԼһ·
ʵ㣬˵ǾͲˣϾҪʼκһɵ˶׼Ź
ͷҶһ£ߣǴΡ
᣿Ǹʲôġ
Ҷһˮ徹ȻʲôᣬΧƶҪЦ
治֪Ǽٲ֪ѵûи𡣡
ͷһҧҶϸȻҲ֪Ϣ
ͷ֣㿴𣿡
ҶܸоͷԼûɱ⣬ȻղҲԼˣҪɱһˣ񣬻Ǳ飬ܸоͷ֮Уûɱ
ͷĿһҶ㣬̾Ϣһ
ǲǹغ棿
Ҷ֮ţƾͷһѾ²⵽һЩ
ûһڲᵽ飬ƾҪǨطˣ嶼Ҫ
ͷε֪ȻҶһЩ˵˳
ʲôôܹϵˣ
Ҷ㳹ײˣһ壬ôĳһ档
кܶ崫УѾûнӴ飬ѾƲӵײ룬޷̳崫Уȥ֮ڣڳ롣
ԭ಻һͨ似мؿԴഫ
岻һǵĴж飬Լ츳Ϊÿһ츳һûȥ
ֶûãΪÿ˶ͬĲһʺҲһʺ㣬ֻдӲ֮в򣬲ҵԼĴС
Ȼغ峤˼֣
ҶƲƲ죬鵽ֵز峤ֱ֣
Ĳ֪
ȻѾҶ˵ô࣬ͷҲ⣬ҶһˣȵһɱҶ㡣
Ĳ֪
Ҷ㼸һһ˵
ҪѲ飬ֲֻſ԰˭ܴ򶯲飬һĲ͹ĸƹܣһԴơ
ͷ͵
Ҷһͷߣԭô£֣Ѳ飬˭ܻѣȻ˭Ӯʸ顣
ϧûţÿ˵Ѳ飬żȥֱӱɳȥΪЦ
ͷε˵һЩ壬٣ЩҲӴ飬Ҳܽڲģ壬żļûС
˺߽ܿһ֮УͷҲ˵ҲǱ̫ãҶ㵱֮ˡ
ȥɣ
һ·̸Ҷ̸ֹ֮ܿҶ㲻׼֮ͷ˵ôࡣ
̸֣ܸ𣿡
ҶûнУǳͷʵ
Ľʲôʸ̸
ͷЩˣ׼ǿнҶؽȥ
԰꣬ܲˣҼ䣬ֻкôûл
˵ɣһҪȥѲߣ
ͷҶ˵ȥ
ղŴ֮ӦΪ˻Ѳõİɣ
Ҷʵ
ͷľګĵ˵ͷֺ˺ܾã޽չ˵ѹͲһס
ˡֱԣ֣˵Ѳ飬ţñŤֲҵ˵ɡ
Ҷ·ħͷٴε˵ͷȷʵ˲ҹά
˵ܼ򵥣ҰǶȡ飬ֻҪҾУ㿴Ρ
Ҷ˵ϣǰֻһ·ˣνһپ٣һڵò飬ʱ屯룬϶֮ء
ЦһƾʲôܰǶȡ飬Ҳش˾ȥᱻˮѹѹ˵һСС࣬Ҷ磬ȡ顣
ͷ׶ҶʧȥȤղ˵Ҷ̸ھЩųˣΪҶ̫°Դֱ췽ҹ̷
ҵ˼ȥ飬ǰ齨һף֤õ顣
ҶϽһ飬ȥѰ·
֣
ͷϳһ˿֮ɫȱٵľǶ֮ˣǰǳһϧ䡣
ԶһЩͷֿԺú룬Ҳûлɻҽ
Ҷף٣Ӧÿ԰ǻѲ顣
˵ƾƾʲô㣬ڻȷļϸȦס
ͷ򣬲ҶȦס
Ȼ˲£Ҳûа취ˣĴиƨϵǺİǣ㾹Ȼ顣
Ҷ˵߽꣬ͷΪʶȤȻľһӡ

һö޴ǺףҶʵױѹһЦҶֻĿ
ͷ뿪ˣȥȥˡ
ʱȥת֮䣬һȥˡ
ϵ˵ȵƺЩͷˣһʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ûðͷ
С㸹ˣ
˺ܿϵһ
ɵﲻУǲȥһ龿֪ˡ
丮Щȵòͷˣȥһ龿
ãȥ
˫ȻûɱҶ㣬һӦ
ҲûֱˮʼǱʶɢȥѰҶټ
ηȻô塣
ʱһ죬ͷֵַ࣬塣
λֵܣûж⣬ֻһˣǲиʮҵˣ뼸λָָһ·
ˮһϻͷʮֿĳͷʵ
֪̣ٲ뿪ǾͲˡ
ͷʮַ꣬ղ峤ˣȫ£ֻҪֶ˹ȥ峤ݺݵѵһ٣ܲá
ˮ˸һ˿ɱ⣬ǰˮѳֽǻɱ
Ƿϻôֱӽץˣ̱ʣҾͲűʲ
˫˵ֱӳץ˹ȥ
󵨣
ͷһȣ泯˫ɨȥȻͷֻؾˮ˫ʵҲѹ൱ؾҡ
ߵĴսܿ쾪壬ʱ䣬ͷ˷ӵεİΧ
ð壡
峤ѵ⣬ͻȻʶһо˼ǿϢһȣܿ¶
ͷڸ˫Ĳɿ峤һȣսĹƺҪʱһй
¡¡
ˮðһˮݣܶˣֲֳָ棬ŮûװźܶƵİһööУҲܡ


1065 ɶ
峤һ֣ˮ˵ϳ˱仯ˮ˼һҲ峤Ķ֣ǳٳٲԭ
ӵбˮ飬ˮ׸½һʵƣϧϣûбˮֶ
ֻ棬Żֱˮ飬ǧѵһ
˭ð壡
峤һ֣ͷ£Ȼ֪ʵǳɲûóȻ֣ǳѯʡ
峤ð£׷һ˶ˣ뽫Ǹм
ˮվ˳ȻϣֽǶǷǳ
ûҪҵˣҹɣ
峤ϴŷŭ˸Ͻ뿪ǰкܶҪûʱǾ
ˮ˸һ˿ɱ⣬ں˺ԥһ֣峤ѹ
ҪΪںǾκβǣȻǲϽǾȥѰҡ
˫Ҷ϶ֱǱȥ׼ǿѰҡ

峤ŭһһƳֱ֣ӳ˫ϯȥ
ˣ
ˮ׽˻Щˮʼתγһ޴У˫˽ȥ
ҿ
˫һһȭ𿪣ɫܲÿˮ峤Ķ֡
˴󣬽ǻɱ
峤忪ʼһһٵɶҪܡ
ǿߣ
ˮ˼ʶ㣬Ʈȥٶ֮У彻֣Ѱ·ʵ߳Է̫С
丮л˷׷뿪˫뿪һҲֻȥ
󺣣ɵ߿֮ϣһ
½ϣһһ˺ѡ
˫ŭĺС
СѾˣֱͣ࣬ɱٵȥѾûбҪˡ
ˮε˵һ䣬׼뿪װ׵ĵһʱ䡣
丮Ҳһŭ⣬ת뿪ˣ˿Ц˼һΣҲʧԭء
ڳֻʣ˫һˣ뿪˫֮Уɢɲɱ⡣
ˣҿɲţҾ㣬ҾͲ㲻
˫û뿪ȻȺħԵ
ƽϢ峤ȥȥˣϣһ¡
ͷܿ콻࣬ˮףֱηȥһˣҶ㲢ʲôϸȻ಻׷ɱ
һηͷٴ̤Ҷ㻹ڱĿҲҶ۷
һˣη϶ό겻鷳꣬ﻹܾ
ҶͲһƺʲô鶼޷ԣµɽ𺣣Ҷ㶼ܾĬĬŹκʱ䡣
ͨˣ
ˣҶ˫ۣͷߵǰ
Ķɣ
ͷŲȷᣬڲ齨һףҪٲľˡ
ڻѡңͷҳȥ峤̸Ȼ͵űɡ
Ҷ˵꣬˫ۣᣬҪץȨԼԼǣһҪˣʱס϶ڲ
ҶĿԼͷ֪ܲҶ룬η棬˭ﶼзС
ҿԴȥ峤ѣ֪
ͷҲҶƽϣţҪҶȥ˴
֮У峤߸棬·һָӰָЩ֡
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ɲУΪγ֪峤̾Ϣһ
ɺȥץһдף
ܴ󣬾Ȼȥץˡ
֮УֻкͨɣĪ
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峤ֱֹóѣڶ壬ȻҲǳԺ壬ʱ򷴶òʧ塣
ҲУҲУѵĿ屻ʳ
ܷŭˮһɢȥ
ףʵڲУܲ࣬ϾҪǾͨˡ
һŮ˹ͷϴһϰ벿°벿β͵ŮϷǳò࿴
ɶôҲˣ
幫ɶΪģҲۣԹ
ҹףĸ͹ȣ׾˸
ɶ峤ߣʮö·ӵһɤӣƾΪ֮
û£ղ˵ǰʱȥңħ̤㣬ߵ̫ԶǾͻϢ߲ħ
峤̾ϢһŮĽãϧϸǡ

һ߽֮У峤ǰҪ̸֮
£
峤ʵ
ͳһǰ˵Ҫ¸峤
ʵش
ǽ
峤ЩɺЩܻͣվԣرˣûм೤ʲôģ
һƬհףʱ̤㣬¶ɡ
ͷܿҶ߽֮Уڴ࣬վһ廤˿̵ĿⶼۼҶϡ
ͷ㽫ʲôǱ𡣡
峤ˣЩŭ⣬ͷȵ
峤Ϣŭͷ˵
ͷڵء
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峤һ֣ͷһᡣ
峤˵ͨɣ԰壬Ҿʹˡ
ͷܿ콫̽һ顣
ļϸôһɺԣ
˵ܣץһ࣬ΪڣҲյϢΪˣû뵽
ͷˣǲϸΪǵ׽Լ֪岻ԶˣķʲôϸԸǣǶһ١
Ҷһ˵
֤㲻ļϸ
ܻЩţȻҶ˵е֪Ų꣬ûбҪʱʹˮá
û֤ţҿ԰ǣţ͵ʲôҲû˵
ҶһνӣܱԷԼ
ȻˣҾɱȥι㡣
ܴŭӣȻһССһδεķЩʹ졣
ȵȣ
Ҫ֣ɶʱ˵ˡ
ףȻڿ˵ܰ壬ȿ᲻ɣᣬɱҲ١
ɶ˵꣬һҶ㡣


1066 
ɶһ峤˵ͷ
Ȼڿ˵㾫ͨɣҾ͸һλᣬֻҪܳǣҿһ
峤ˣмЩ˶ȥҶڳһƬռ䡣
˰˵ӻӣҶó٣ڷ棬Լƺ̫ãЩʼįζ
ɶһȻԼǰӢľͨɡ
׻Ҷ˵һ
һͻȻޱȼž·´ʮ·ѩƮ죬顣
һƮȥÿһĶڴǵˡ˿ˣЦˡ
˵ϳ˼ʱﻹо֣֣֮֮֮֡
Ƕ֮Уɽˮݺ䣬紺
ǶŮԹꡣ
Ȼʿг
޸٣Զ
౰Ⱥ·ˡ
ʷִ粻ϣʧһǧǿ
δʡ˿򡣡
ӱʦһԡ
ֹ֮ʪ衣
ӱܣԱ̿ҳ
̣ǳһʿŵ־󣬹ƣĻꡣ
̵ͭŻ㺣ˮ̣өȺƽ˼ңĵƵ
Ȼ
һ䡣
ɽˮڣ纣ˮŭ
⼸Уǵһһεĳʱʱ˷ܡ
Ϧͣҫÿһ˵ϣﶬ磬һ·ź
ܿٴһ䣬ޱͣ·ظǵա
峺ͬɽţʹۣʹµĵ棬ʹ˶Ϥäۣš
һʧ˻ûлָԸѹ

ҶĲһöңһشѹſˮ
λǷ
Ҷ٣Цеĳ峤ʵ
̫ˣ侹Ȼ֣
峤¶Цݣ޲ȥ§Ҷ׼ڡ
л峤佱
ҶһȻԷ˵þУԼСʱסˡ
μӴᣬǵõ飬Ҳɱ㣬ɽɶ㡣
峤ˣȻҶŵôһŵ
ס
ɶû뵽׾Ȼǰ࣬ûзӦĻᡣ
ˣסĳŵУõ飬뿪
ҶûжȤòŮӣҶҲһߺãѹͲκνǱʲô
úúãֻҪܰõ飬һк
ղ峤ҪԼŮҶԺΪЧҶʶ˼ǰҪǻѲ飬峤Ϊ˱֦ȥвҶ㡣
峤²ûҶȷµ˼ҪԼŮԼԺΪЧ
ףǲ
ܻҪֹΪҶҰġ
зִ磡
峤˰֣԰ꡣ
Լĸ׺ȳ⣬ܲãݺݵĵһҶ㡣
ȥˣ֮Уֻʣ峤ԼҶ㣬ҶҲλǰڷ˴ƷÿһóȥǱ
Ҷӣ룡
峤Ҷ㾴һҲ˲١
峤ˣ
Ҷ㸽ͣʱδΣҶҪСӦ˭֪ǻ᲻ڷ
ҶӷģֻҪ֮ܰõ飬ұ֤Ϊ㣬
峤ϼ޻Ȼ֪Ҷеʲôֱӵ
ǾͶл峤ˡ
Ҷ˵һ䡣
˺һʱҶΪҪȥϢԸڼ̸ȥ
Ҷ㣬֮Уֻʣˡ
ףľ壿
ܻЩԽܣе⣬ǳ棬ʲô
ѵ㻹иõİ취𣿡
峤Ҳ̾Ϣһǵ򲻵ѣô塣
Ȼȷûа취һϣ޷ܡ
ףˣ̸ɣ
ǽ̸ɶվˣβһ˳ȥ
ףղ˵ɹˣҪСӡ
Լ뿪ʵ
ֻǰ֮ƣ˽ΪãĲ鲻ܱ𡣡
峤ζĿһܡ
ܴӦ𣿡
ԼãȻϣһ˿ί
Ϊ壬һˣȫ壬ҫ
峤˵꣬˵Щ̫ˣϿʼϢ
Ҷ㱻һ仪ԺӣﾹȻܸˮ½죬ֻںףͷȥ
ǲ⺣׾Ȼ磬˿½أ⺣ԴǷ֣ƺȡ֮
Ҷԣ뽫ϴһգԼ궼ȱԴˡ
Ҳֻ룬ںʵѹƾųɣһͳ춼򲻹ˮ£֡
ҶӣҿԽ𣿡
Ժ֮⣬һˣɶ˹ûоҶǲģʮֶǡ
ɣ
Ҷ㿴һۣ˶ˣܾܲǧ֮⡣
·͸һβƣɶǲƣ뵽ҶԺӣβһ仯ܿģ˫ŲڵϣƺЩӦ
֪˹٣кָ̡
ҶЦеĿϢϧԵҶ㣬ûκβֻǵ˵һ䡣
Ҷƺеǧ֮⡣
ҶһĮӣɶȻЦеı顣
㹫˵Цˣ壬ֻһˣֻΪ˸ɡ
Ҷ˲٣Ժ֮С
Ҷӣ˵Ǳ׷ɱӵ𣿡
Ҷʵ

Ҷ˵ͷⲻʲôܣ弸֪
ܸ𣿡
˹һ֮ɫ֪ʲôӣԲҶԺӡ
㲻֪
Ҷϳһ˿ɻ֮ɫȻҲԾˮ棬ԻΪߣӦòİ
ʵ幫ݲһ㣬ԴС󣬶ȹһŲ֪
˴ŰԹıر幫ǵбˮڣһ˷֣϶׷ɱˮ顣
幫ģҶЩͬ顣
Ҷֻýһݳõĵʳȣһһ幫ǰ
ɱԽᱦҶһûᣬҪǸһӡ仹õ鷢
ɶı·УԼ࣬ԸİӽӣҸֵ


1067 
ǰһŰֽ幫Ҷ㶼ĸ磬пģĶǣĹƣȨơ
壬֮֮⣬ڲû໥ļ֡
ЩõҲһֺôҶ㲻Űֽ棬ЩһЩ۵㡣
һʱ幫뿪ļ˹ʱ䣬Ҷ㽻̸
ֱ֮ἴʼҶҲ߳ԺӣҶƺоؾֻһ֮ңˡ
ֻҪһͱ㴰һؾ磬ԪѾﵽͲˡ
Ҷӣǳɣ
峤컻һ£˵ľ񶼷˱仯ҶһٷֵĿ
ҶҲ飬彫İΣԼҲӦõģҶ㲻ܶȡ飬ǽһʲô⾰
ܻɶУѡ˼ʮ徫ӢΪͷйһҲУҽͳ֮λ
ͷڼҶ㣬Ҳһٸĳ仰ŭҶ㡣
֮Уһ׳ľһ޴㣬а֮ϣһС͵ĹҶǶ
һζ֮ȥμᡣ
˴һʱңͣǰľʵҶٴһѡ
⺣磬ȻȫͬҲдǣɽ崩У൱һ
ǺǣƬ֮ǣƹܷԲﺣ壬Ƭ򡣡
峤ĺ֮ǣҶ͵
ЩҶɶҲ֪ķֲ
ﺣʮ壬ɺͳΣÿ嶼Ҫܻȡƽ
Ƭʥ¼˴Уÿһ궼ῪһΣɸ彫֮ѡ
˭ܻѲ飬ǲͻǻȥһʱ䣬ԲĴС
Щܻѵ壬ֻ꣬壬ѾûгɹѹΪƬЦ
ϵȥµûдУ͵Ʋӵ壬ٵԵĵز
˴֮ȥǲ׼ġ
Ǻܴ󣬴ףں֮УĹ͢¥ܶȥгȺӵȺѲߡ
峤ʾ֮󣬲ܽ룬һȺ˽ȥҶ֮󣬶¶һ˿м֮ɫ
ҲҪѲ飬ʧˣһβ˶Ϊ壬Ҳ
ϣⲻôŵǺ²˰ɣ
̤뺣ǣӭ˼ȷ̵һȺ˳ˣ壬ǽ㣬ҲƼ㣬Ϊĺܼ
ǣ峤ɫʱȻ̸ϺЩҲĦϣҪ⣬ǽӿĹ
Ŵףɶܾ͵ʮֲд˴ˡ
£ʲôʱ򵽣иƨϵϽҹԶ㡣
ղ˵Ľӽ£ǽӣܴżȷе˻ȥ
ܣû뵽ղƢڱصðȻôţ꣬Ӧüβ˲ŶԣԣӦǼβŶԡ
˵꣬һȺ㷢Ц
ɫ࣬Ҫ֣峤ס
ףҪѵСӣŴð塣
һɱ⣬Ҫﶯ֡
׷׽䱸˫ִսһĸо
ǺǣһǷǳ
峤γŭǰǸǶʱǰҪ飬ǻѲ顣
ɶþòֱƯˣ
¼ܲ˵ˣɶ˹ȥһɫԵģ
ʮ壬ɶòڵһνջˮܶӶҪնɶܾҲºܶЩִ塣
һ壬ǿһΣʧܸգ㻹ӣ˷㣬˫Թ
ɶԴת˹ȥóҶ㿴ȥΪ˼Զͬһߣɶ֮У¶񣬿ʮ¡
ɶĿ⣬Ҳ˹ȥû뵽ﻹһС
ԭˣ֪ûа취Ѳ飬ȻֱЦ֮С࣬һᱻ
´ƵҶ㣬һǿҵĵ⣬Ϊɶƺһ棬ʮֲˬ
Ҷ΢΢ŭԼֻһ͵ģ¾ȻԼ¶ɱ⣬Ҷܲ
ȷСȻˣ»ӿɸҸСİ
Ҷ¶Це񣬺޵һۣȻһöˮ顣
Ҷһ˱ˮ飬Լں׸½ûʲôҪвԼͲˣ˾ҪɱԼҲҪ
˶һ㶣û뵽Ҷ˵ˣһƵĿǡ
Ȼɴˣܲ棬֪ʲô
һƣƣ۽֮У¶һ˿ɱ⡣
ܼ򵥣ǾԻѲΪעӮˣıˮҵģˣģɸҶġ
Ҷȴܴڳÿһ˵Ķ
ڳɲֹ壬壬׷פ
ã˵ġ
¶Ц⣬ˮ˵Ǳں½֮ϣƣǶ˵ô󣬼ͻһö
ȻˣǾ־ݣҿǶĳЩ˲Ǻܷġ
Ҷ⽫ҧĺأ˽¶ŭ֮ɫںǣǶ޹˼ɵĳˡ
ܺãһСྐྵȻҶô˵Һ㣬ҿ㻹ܸܲ˵һһи塣
Ҳ٣óʵƤǩЭ飬»ӡ£Ҳ˼١
峤ȻûֹǴһЦݿҶ㣬ȷҶԲڱصãò֣Ҷһˡ
ǰ廹ҶڲõˣΪҶ㽫Լˡ
Ҷ֮ôѡҲԭģ˺ܶ࣬ž
ںף϶Ǵ򲻹бˮ֣Ļᡣ
Ψһİ취Ӯȡˮ飬ΨһӮµĻᣬǻѲ飬ܻѣ˵£ԼҲᱻɱҶ㱻Ƶɽֻһľſˡ
ƫƫһöˮ飬Щˮ޷·Ҷ㶯ĻüıӮȡöˮ飬ҶҲеķա


1068 ˶ע
ҶðŶΣգǩ˺Լ
ҲҶĿǰõļıˣֻܳɹʧܣܻѲ飬㲻ĹԼһѡ
ӮˣԼ԰вܵõˮֱԺѰ鱦ˡ
¶ݺݵĵһҶ㣬뿪ˣҲ׷ȥ
СӣȻܱȽų㣬ǽ죬ܺ㣬Ӯˣɶơ
ҶļһֱųҶ㣬ǽҶΪܶĸйٴơ
ֿˣ
Ҷޱ飬ͷߣҲܻѲ飬ƾͲҺɶƣȥι˰ɡ
ȻôţҶҲûб¶Ȼһžӡ
һ˺ܿ뺣ǣ׼õվҲûܵƣ徻
ҶֵһɾԺӣûǰֻǰŮźҶ㡣
ȫλźŮȻɶһЩ࣬ҲŮ
ģһ󻬵βԱһ飬ذҶ㰴Ħ
ϧҶûȤˣҶԼϥ£ŹκһʱһĻᡣ
Ҷ֣ûȤȥѣ
˽ҶϢᣬģܹҶˣȻҶȥĲ
ûȤ
Ҷ˵֡
ȱܾĲɸ಻һǶĵĶĵرıҪóԵȵĲϲУ࣬Ǽòʲôö
ܼ˵ûеҩǺһֶ̫îʳҲǺȻҺ֮ϡ
䱦ʤʲôݣڽ𣬸ֻкײ޷á
ûʲôʶΪȱԴԴ󲿷ֶĲȽϼֱӡ
Ҷüͷһ۾ܽܣƺһЩȤ
˵ʵħҶɱ˴ţȡ˺ܶ౦óֵģȷʵָ칬֮ˮһ
ıҺһЩϣԼһЩҩ
ҶѾȱˣȱҲϡвϣõģڰҶѹͲҪ
ҺҶ㵹ʱȱ٣Щϴ󲿷ֶȫĽףʯС׳ԵĲˣҶڳһЩ֮⣬ʣҺҩˡ
бҶˣȷϾͨĲϣѾ˲Ҷˣ⺣ףʢԷḻ
кܶ˿ڴʵһıһõóȥԼòʮҪ
߰ɣ
ҶվһȻӡ
ҶӦ¶Ц⣬˺ܿ߳վȥ
ֵԣûʲộ಻ͬǼٽףԵ̼٣ҲУ۵ĺܶ඼Ķõ֮Унס
ҶʵܵˮѹƣۿۣԪȴƣ̽ӡ
û뵽Ķõף۸˼ʮҶ뽫ԼϵĶóۣȡĲϡ
һ༫ͨõļƷõȻһɷֵıﻻȡҶ㰵ࡣ
˵ͨһǵ˵ǾһΪ粻ͬ۵ȻҲͲͬ
νϡΪȱľǱȱٵ½ϵĶ
ǰǺĶĳǣǽȥ
ƺǵһᳵ·ܿҶ룬˿Ҷ鵽ˣĳӺζһųɶӣһιȥ
ӭһ޴ĶĳǣƽСֶֹʩȫĶĲһ
޷ǶһЩƼ֮Ķ壬ȴĲ£ֲ£ûκͷԣ˭µľ˭Ӯҡ
֮ܽΪΣһ޴˹ȥֱӽߣҡڵȥ
ҶҲֱϷһöӣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôҶĿ񣬹ڲ¡
ûׯҸм֣֮ҿһ£Ҳ˵¡
һ˭˭ģ
ܳߵİǹʵ
һǺʨڶģĺŵʲô
ǹ㿴һܣ˶ע˵һ顣
Ҷʮֺ棬ʶɢȥҪ浽ʲôҲȤ
ʶӵʱ򣬾Ȼһεεˣ޷͸ȥѹʨ׷ױĿڸӦܲܲµõ
ֶĲҶ㻹ǵһׯֻǸŶʱһͨƷʲôտҲʮִ̼
ȻʶУҶĵĴۣ֮͸˳ȥǲεϾȻʧˣ֮ܿκζ޷赲
澹Ȼһֻë׵СҲһͨͨޣҲ֪Ǵġ
Ҳһö
ʨ˫ۣĺȵ˵ԼĴ𰸡
Ҳǻ
ǹҲ˫ۣȻ𰸻ʮǧע˭ĽȻ˭Ӯ
һһ»϶һȷġ
ӣȻۼʮˣҲһţͷˣǸ˵һˡ
ѹָղܽӳȥԷ˵뿪ˣΪĻӣλһ㡣
ˣ˫˴𰸣Ǽ֤һ£˭Ĵ𰸾ȷӮҡ
ׯһ壬Ƭ򣬺ǿҲлȨǱȽϹԲƫ̻鷢
˵ĿⶼۼĺϣҪװʲô
ʨ˴Ǯ˰ǹĳ룬Ÿϵģˣ϶Ѫ޹顣

ӻ򿪣һë׵С˳Ȼ֪ʲôޣһȷϣֻ
ʨöֵҵˡ
ǹĽϵĶעȻһöֵ溬ֵ⣬̷ȥԼԵϱ֮ϡ
ֻ⣬Ǵĵ⣬溬Խ࣬㽫ҲԽࡣ
ֵҶʶ鿴һ£澹ȻԪأʮޣҶû̽
ȻǺö
Ҷüëһںǣ̲סҪˡ
ǹóԴһöҶ㶼ĲϣʨʮҪ
СӣҪҵĵͻƵɾָտɴ
Ľ׶֪һŸпҲû뵽ﾹȻ˶ı֣һóȥϱ
Ҷõ˵˾ɾҲ÷ˡ
ˣζǻ
ʨ㷢ŭĺУƺʣ˾ˣûɽҪģ͵óԴ
Ҫһö˭УҸˣһڵɾĺǣôҶ
ǹ㽫ղöɫĹͷ˳ԭҪ


1069 
ǹʤ֣¸߰Ҫȥ
ҳһڻľƹͷ
һ˵ˣʨûжõóֵĶˣ޺޵Զûм֣˿͡
ٻʣľôܸҵĵɾȣǲЩˡ
ǹ㳯˵ӿ˹ȥȻ½ٻʣӱϵ֮һӣ˿Ҳ
֪ʲôľͷ
ٻ¶м֮ɫ֮оԳ
ʲôľͷ
ǹȷʵֻ֪һľͷѣôܸԼĵɾᲢۡ
ǻɣһڣóΪע
ҶһղžͻɣǲǻɣȻȷǻ
ʮҪֻȡԽ࣬ɳĿռҲԽ
ô󣬼Ȼٻóˣɨˣˡ
ǹԥһ£Ƕˡ
һһöçڵֵλ¡
ܾȻҲȥˣóһöçڵ
֮Уסһֿɲޣççеһؾʮֿ£ܴõġ
ܣû뵽Ҳˣ廹û𣿡
ٻʷЦЦ
ѾԵĵز˼μӶĲ
ģˣҲ塣
۽֮УһҲǴŵɱ⣬˸ĵˮݵĵز
ѹҶһףͱ嵱ļϸ
˼˵ҵһǰԭţģʲôʱǵֵزˡ
ٻʿһߵҶ㣬¶˿˿ɱȻҶҲȥˡ
ô㲻Ҷ𣿡
ҲȲѣ⵽峰ЦܲϾȥ
ģȻģŵĶΪʲôҪ
ٻ¶ЦݣֱӳҶһĨӵĶ˼ҪɱҶ㣬Ұ壬Ǹԡ
ֳвܿݱɵĳЦܶЦǰϡ
֮Σⲻʲôܣû˽ܷ˵ߵˡ
ֳܸҶɣûκβڴҶӵġ
Ȼô棬Ҳһ
ҶóһöʵϣȻҲˡ
е˼ȻⴺʵҵľȣԵñ˲٣ҽˣӮˣֻҪҿĸͷͿˡ
ٻʾȻҪҶ˸ͷܵЦˣԶ˶ۼЩȥ㣬ǲϵĸЩơ
Ҷ֮Уһ˿ɱûκˣɱ
֪ҲڶĴ㣬ˣͶһֻֿɷ񣡡
ѾҶߣԼû鷳ԷŴεĶԼ¶ɱ⣬ȻΧҶûѪˡ
֣֪ʲôҶģ
ʮֻ𱬣ĶĶ˼֣ûгֹˡ
һƿ֮ˮֵ˵ˣӮˣģȻ¸ͷӮˣֻҪһֱֻۼɡ
Ҷó֮ˮ˶ע
úúãѰ·Ҿͳȫ㣡
ٻʽҶĶעһľһֱֻۡ
Ҳˣ
һ˲֮ˮջܴ
ҺͷҲˣ
ͷóһȻǾݣʮ̷ֺܻ֮γ㡣
ʱ䣬мʮ˲ϰڷŴı˭ҪӮˣȻһ˵ġ
ĺĺþûгˣܶһ㶣ЩȫˣĴ㰡
ϵıҶ˫۶ðˣû뵽ԼٻʵȻô˲룬Ҷ֮á
ϵıҶǴߣûлõĳϣÿԳȫԼ
ߣҽʮ֣ʤһƽСӣˣ
ٻѾʮ֣Ȼ֮ߵʤ㣬ڶշ棬гľ飬Ͽ϶Ҳ׵Ķڡ
Ҷ㶼ǰľĶľ֮£ʤž֣Բ򵥡
Լӵۣ֮ǶԷҲиԼһĶȻҪӮԼܡ
֣
ôһģׯҲȤôҶ˻ȥ׼в¶ġ
ղŵĺʧˣӾԲм仺һöµĺӣһһεĽ˵ʶ
ˣڿԲ²ˣʲô˭ľԽȻӮҡ
һжʮ˲μӣ׷ױ˫ۣʼӦϣܲ³𰸣һαǶӣ˭ҪӮңһ׬
ҶԵı˫ۣĵĿۣ֮濴ȥ
ʱ
Ҷ¶ĻߣׯҹȻ˸ۣ֮ܿⱻ˷֡
ޱȼžһЩҴһ£֮Ĳ²⡣
һ֮󣬺ͷ˫ۣһۺӣ󻺻˵
ҲǶֻ糤ߴ
ͷһ𰸣˭Ҳ֪׼׼ȷֻܵȵӲ֪
Ҳǻһʳޣ
㻹ǿ϶·
ҲǻСֻаƴʳ⶯һ
˵
һһ׷ײ²⣬մֻܵȵ
ҲֻаƴСӦóԲΡ
Ҳ𰸣²һԲΡ
㣬ʨ㣬׷׶˿ʼ˵ԼĴ𰸡
ֻʣ¼û˵𰸵ģ˵ǿտҲʲôҲûУʲôĴ𰸶С
Ҷһֱû˵ٴοۣ֮ӿ˹ȥǵЦŨˡ
һյֻ֮ʣҶٻʻδ˵𰸣׷׳˿˹ȥ
µˣ
ٻ³һ˫ۣ֮У֮ɫԺĶָơ
֣µʲô
˿ʼʵԼ²ĸٻǷӽ
һһöһֻһӣ
ٻһ˵ܲ˴۾Ȼǲ¶ˣҲûлõˣϾϾʹˡ
СӣѾ˵ˣҲ˵ҲӮ
ǹأǰ˵ˣҲһȥ˵ƽ֣˵ΪӮߡ
ԣٻʵĴ𰸶ԻǲԣҶ㶼ܸԷһҪһҶ㻹䡣
ģ϶һ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦ
Ŷҵ˵ʲôĴ𰸳
ٻβһ§˻ʼ
һֻڶѵӣһöƵ¼һ׺ϻ֮
ҶҲ˵˴𰸣ٻȻ࣬ϸһֲܶࡣ
ΪҶ˵ٻ˵ǻ˴Ѿˡ
Ҷ²ӣٻ˵һöӣҲǲһϼ㣬Ҷ˵
ܴŹһҶ㣬ЩСˡ


1070 ն
ҵĿⶼۼҶϣΪ࣬ѵҲĲ
ɣ
ܵĿ⣬Ҷùһ˾ƣĺһڣ˾ƵȷȥȻһЩԪ
Ĺע֮£мĺӻ򿪡
ֱ쳤˲ӣҪһ
żĻܣҶˣǾҪڸٻʿͷпܳû壬ϣҶϣһˣҲԶˡ
֪ܿʼΪҶ㵣
Ҷ֣а𣿡
ԼһöçڵҪҶ㲻䡣
һ᲻֪ˣ
Ҷϸ޺ЦݣЦ棬Ǻһ˿˿ɱ档

ӳױ򿪣ĶȫչֳȻһЩ³һĻˡ
һö򣡡
ׯŮӺóһöò˴նһȷ¼һ׺ϻ
ӣ
Ůǳ˳飬ЩţΪӱڡ
𾪵ĵȻٻʣӵʱɫͻȻޱݺݵĵһϵŮΪĹ
һöӣµ̫׼ˡ
˷Ҷôܲµô׼ӶܲУֱ˼飬һʲôè档
һһں£ΪҶ׵ɡ
ǿ쿴ҲҪˡ
滹һһë׵СһһСޡ
СӣȻ³ҲһӮǸ䶨ˡ
ٻʷЦմӽ㣬ǻҶˡ
ȻЩһٻʲ³ӣ򣬻ųƣ˵Ĵˡ
ҶȻ³˾Ҷ²͸Щƫ
ڸδ̫˵㣬˭˵ǻˡ
Ҷһں˵ǵЦԽŨˡ
һͷˮûгֹѵһׯҸĵˣޣ
˾ˣֻҪϹҿͷҿĹղŲ֮
ٻΪҶҲԸϣЦ
׳գ
ٻǸǷҶֱ˵֡
˵ʲôȻǰ׳ա
ٻʲһվһԲϣҪ֡
˵׳ѵһֻޣ۾ѵͷȥˡ
Ҷ˵꣬һ𷢳ŭ֮Ϊ˵۾ȷͷϣҶǵʹ
ޣﻹȥ˼Ҷ˵ʲô׷׼ʶ濴ȥ
⡭
澲ĵģһ˿ϢûУѵһֻޡ
ٻʲţȥóϸһ飬ȷһֻޣʱ䲻һ㡣
ô£Ϊһֻޡ
ЩţޱȾȵ˵
Ȼ˵ĻˣȻԼˣȴԼӮ˻ˡ
ΪҶӮˣٻˣô򵥡
ⲻܣԲܣһֻޡ
ٻЩץˣݺݵĳׯҿ˹ȥŮһ£˵
ʲôܣѵ㻳ׯҹŵһֻޣ´𣿡
Ҷ㻰лղٻʿׯҵҾ۵ף¶˼֮ɫлȻ֮С
ѹٻӮž֣ƸׯѲĹϵһǸׯϺˣ˿ʼ˽
ƨô֪ׯҷŵʲôǲ³ġ
ٻ壬һһɣ롣
û˵֪ׯҷŵʲôԼɣʲôϡ
Ҷ㵭˵˼ߴңǴ˵Ȼ㲻֪ׯҷŵʲô͸ʲôԽԽڡ
ϸղſׯҵôҶˣׯҿ϶һĬ
Ȼܲµ׼֪֪ӡ
Ҷûеڳ˶ɵӣһһ仰ͽõһ
ٻĻǰٿĪ磬ôͣҲûˣΪڳֻӮ࣬ôɵ鷢ÿζС
˼Щҵˣ
Ҷûм̼ȥһץеıﶼ뵽ԼĴָЩǸʹ
Ӯˣﻹʹ㣬ô౦ȻһӮˡ
ٻʣǵ֮ĳŵˣҪһֱֻۡ
ҶͻȻޱ䣬ȻԷҪɱԼҶҲ
ң
ٻ¶֮ɫһɹɱⱬһȺ
кβң
Ҷ첻£ز£ӵη֮ģɲףĸס
ͫȱ
ʩչԪܿƣͫˣٻʸоһʧȥ֪

˭Ҳûп壬ղҶͻȻʧԭأȻصλϵʱһĲҽˡ
һҶٻʵһֻ첲֮󣬻Ϊһᡣ
ɱ
ٻʻΪһֻ㣬ŭЩ׷׽ҶΧ
Ǻǣѵɱˣ
Щ˵İΧҶ޶ԣû˿֮ɫ
帣㵨ںǶ֣㲻ɡٻʵ֡
վһкЩ㿿£˫ʼ
Ҷ˵һ䣬ԺΪںǴ򶷣˭ҲԲ˶ߣҸһ
ٻʱվ㻯˫ĶԹһˣʱ˭ҲѲ˸ϵ
ԶԶԣûбҪŪ򡣡
Ҳվһ˿ֻΪղ˺ܶණ帣ܲ
ûԸķ䣬ԭ嶼ǿķ֮˶ҳϣֱĳ衣
ҶͻȻƺڳΪ䲻𣬸ղŲζĵʱ˵ĺףˣһ첲
ԶԶԣԸķ䣬ֵҲռ
û뵽һ㣬ĺȵ˵˵ͷ
ȻˣҪԸķ䣬ƾʲôֻӮ˵Ķ
ղžʤ帿ûӮ󲿷˶վҶһߣܿ帳Ա˭ղӮԼôࡣ
ͨͨԼˣҲϣ˺ùû뵽ҲһԼ˶鵱Ȼãһ첲ﷴˣĸࡣ
ãܺã
ɨϣ¶֮ɫٴλΪΣһֱ۳˳ж϶ԭװĺá
һ־ƽϢֻм˲ףҶô˲Ĺն帵ֱۣܶ˶⡣
뺣ףʵۿۣҶٶȣ˿帵ʵҲͣѵնֱۣ֪ö
һţƵһ꣬ҲûҶۣ֮帶ʱ֮ڣʧȥʶ֮ͫ
ɳղôܽĶһ
¥֮ϣһ䣬ܽһ¥ĳǿһղŷһĻȻҲӲǵ˫ۡ


1071 Ц
¥֮ϣһ䣬վߣһʵ
Ǻܿ죬ΨһףôĸԸıնֱۣƺȵֱʧŷӦ಻򵥡
ɳһɳˣʮֹĳ˵
Ҳôģʩչʲôаʧȥʶ˶עһСӣʲôѣһвԵĵطɱ
ͻȻޱ䣬˿ʼҶ㣬ҶĿģ͵һ
ǰĵģ᲻ѣΣ壬ǻ᲻ϧһдҲҪɱҶ㡣
Ķʼˣֵ
Ҫڶһ֣ˣҪն첲
帲ģҶڶһ֡
㵽ף
Ҷȵľ仰ϸղſӮ˲ٱҶ취ôӮڶԷἰҶ»
ô죬Ѿնһ۰նûˡ
Ҷ壬Цеʵ
Ҳ䣡
¶˿˿ɱ⣬һ־䡣
Ҫ˵̫˱ȽʴȣȻȱһֱۣһҲҪֱֻۣҪóһġ
ЩϹˣҶԷñԼζġ
ãһö֮飬һڽ˰ɣ
óڷϡ
û뵽õٻʵĸ첲ֵô㶫ǻ˰ɣĸ첲һȡ
ϵĶҶǳ˳飬ԷóȻһЩ޹ʹıĺöó
ԶԶԣҪ˼ֻ첲óԵȵĶǵɵˣƶ˼ֱֻۡ
ܴЦ帵˼𴩣ϱܲȻ
ڼһöֵܹ˰ɣ
óһöҲֵ⣬ϣֻøҿһӮ
⻹ࡣ
Ҷ˵ͷ򲻴Ҫһν϶Ӯ⣬϶ܣҲɵӣһóôණԼģóѾǼޡ
ʼɣ
帿һׯң֮Уһ˿вζ档
ûȤһμӣ
Ҷ㽫Ŀ⿴壬ϾЩ϶ͣһûᣬԼӵۣ֮Ķһ
ҶֱûȤ
㵭˵룬ӮҶĸ첲ֲܳԣֲܺȣҪ
ǸȤҲóӮȻǵġ
ҶϡﻩóһѶǸղӮģӴҶˣӮˣղĲܷܴ׬һʡ
ãҶˣ
ղǽڵɺǱҶߣܲһóӮʨֵѹϡ
Ҷ㿴壬ϣһζģı̫ˣҶݺݵĴһ
ˣ
˺ͷǼûиղǴζֻ࣬˲룬Ҷѧˣϵ
ˣҶҲ˵ʲôЩ㹻Լĺܾˣ󲿷ֶĲϣҶôܲۺء
ƾֵϱһӮˣҶӮöԼԲʮֵ⡣
סһм䣬һöӻҿԼˡ
Ҷۣ֮ٴλһߣ˫ۣĵȴ
һ֮󣬴Ҷ׷˫ۣﶼдˡ
һ
һķ񣬵һ˵𰸡
˷׷˵𰸶һвµҲв³ü̬³ˡ
ˣٻʡ
Ҷ㻹ǲż˵
һֻһöҩһѶ̵
ϴŵı飬ƺг˵֮§Żֿʼʵ
ֻʣҶһû˵ˣҶҶ㣬ʲôĴ𰸡
һֻһ̵
Ҷ㵭˵ֻһ
Ҷ˵𰸣ЦˣׯҲһۣ常޼ɵĴЦ
ëЦ񰡣
帴ЦҶ㲻һ䣬ȻֹЩ˶һſСı鿴帡
˼㣬ûЦƨ
ŴαҶ˵ֱɱֻЦݣĿźӡ
ɣ
Ҷ˰֣ׯҽӴ򿪣ȻԽ
˵ĶˣرܣҶ㱻նֱֻۣ޷ˣǲûлõˡ
ӻ򿪣˶쳤ӣһ濴˽ȥȻһֻë׵Сһ̵档
ôµô׼
Ŷ˶ʼǲ칦ܣܸӦĶ
˳ë׵Сһûһ˿ϢȻ
ܣⲻܣô
˵ޣһЩԽܡ
ǰ׳գܲʵһ㣡
ϴҶһǵܲ˷׷׿˭ô󵨣ȳٻʡ
ߣҲµµ֮Ҳֻһƽ֡
ԼµҶ𰸶ƫƽճ
˭˵ⲻѵҶɵ𣿡
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬
ܣ϶С
վֱӽӵһ׳죬տҲʲô²ĵҩѹûС
ҩȥˣһĹûĹ
һƨϣϱʮַḻЩԽܡ
˵˶һãȻ֮ɫҶôµ׼ûһ˿ƫ·ҶԼŽȥһ
ҾͲˣ
Ҷһɨжֱս˴ָ棬ǵЩһۡ
۽ǳ˳飬Ҷģû뵽׬ôı
֣˼ˣûȤڶһ֡
ҶﶼЦ˻û뵽֮ۻĹܣֱӽһöҩɵˡ
ûбܻĿһׯңһ֮У޾ɱ⡣
ҪӣׯңҪ޹Ա׼
帱Դһ˿ѣ㻻ӣڻˣ˲׼ȻҪģҶˡ
ãд⣡
ҶԥĴӦˣĳ峡ڳһӣһƣĵȫ˵档
ӲǺֻܴҶˣ໥֮У𻨡
ֹͣˣ׷վڽ棬ۿ˵ĶĶ
һΪһׯң
һεׯҾȻһߣǰ
ϣȻˡ
˷߷ǳİĳˣϣΪһݣǺĹܼңŴǡ
ˣ㲻ɣ
ϳҶ㿴˹ǻŵЦ⡣
ǰˣ⡣
Ҷ㰵䱸ûɶΪʵȻӽһٵɵĵز


1072 
һׯһϣʼϲһľ֣Ȼ˶ĳ˵ĹעԲٵΪֶľ֡
¶ע
ʾ¶עˡ
һҪֻ첲
ΪٻʣԴȱԶҶϵԴȤھնҶ˫ۡ
ҽܣ
Ҷ㵭˵Ķע
ҳʾƽ
óҶ㶼۽ǳ˳飬ÿһǺö㹻Լһʱ䡣
ΪԽԽߣҶԴﵽһֿɲĵزôı˵Աչغüʱ䡣
ǶҶ˵ӵоǿħ֮壬Դǳʮģߡ
СףĽףĴ󻧣Ҷ붼ͷۣԴܶ࣬ȥҲʣ˶٣һмŮʵ
ϿһϵĶҲ΢΢һ㶡
֮ʯȻαҲһ˿ݣӽҩ𣬻һص飬һǼֵơ
Ŀԣײ𻨣˲һ¾ֱȶĽ
ѾֹȥҶʤ֣ܲʹ졣
𣿡
ϳһʵ
ʼɣ
Ҷ˵
м仺һöӣСղŵĲ࣬ĻƸ࣬Ҳ˵沼˸Ľƣܸ˵ʶ
Ϊ˾ٳҶҪСĵۣ֮ʶ濴˹ȥ
ʶӴӵһֱ̣΢΢һҶʶȻ˻֮Ҳ޷͸ȥ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬׳ԣϷԼܣԲԳ֣Լ֮ۡ
ù͸ȥ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣղŵľ񲨶ȻӦˣҳɹ⡣
˱Ŀ˼һʱ䣬û˵֮УžһƬ
ʱ䵽Ǹ˵𰸡
²ʱһᳬһʱ䣬ʱѾˡ
ɫأȻһҲ׼ղʶ鿴˺ü飬ûһ˿ͷ
˭˵
ϳʵ
ɣ
Ҷ㻹Ͼ϶ռƣ߾Ͳܲ³ԼͬĴˣҶ㽫ø帡
ӦһöһƷֻȭͷС
˼һ£˵ҲȷղžʩչطҲֻܿһ˿ͼΣһöȭͷСĶ档
Ȼʤž֣ô򵥣Ͽ϶Ҳطղط̽һºӡ
ͬ͸ȥֻǿһӰʲôС
ϵ˵ͷû˵ǳҶ㿴˹ȥڸҶ²ˡ
ϣҿЦˣʲôҲûС
Ҷ΢΢һЦ𰸾ȻʲôҲûУôܣҲ˵տҲ
ңôµģ
ϴ˺ӣȷǿտҲʲôҲûУһպӡ
ϣһĲ֮ɫΪԼһȭӰ
µģ
ҶһЦȻ֮Ȼûпʲô֮ۿԸղ˲䣬ҶһƬհףҲ˵ʲôҲûС
ж֮ۿ϶ᷴ㲻ܿӣҲܸӦһЩ򵥵ģ
ܣղһȭӰ
˭Ҳţ⻰˼ҲףղźжΪͻȻʧˡ
һɨ帻һ帻˼
㻳ף
ϵ䣬׹ѣ˵һ仰
Ҷͬһ帣ϵȫȡ
Ϣŭһʱļôỳء
帺Ҷˣڲ˶ϣֱòʧ
ʵʵ㲻治֪ôѡٻʡ
ʮȻԼɣܲʹ죬һ˦֣ת뿪ˣ޵ĿһҶ㣬ƺھ档
Ҷܿϵ˼ԷȻھԼþգ壬ֲҰ
лֵĿңлĻҾͲ˵ˣʹ˸ǣ
ҶҲȷþˣܺܿ뿪֦
Ҷֱ֣̫ˬˣǸ˵ҵ
һ·ϼֱ˷ܵСӣˣҲûôǳ׳ˡ
Ҷһͷߣԭ㽫öçڵܣ뻹ˣЩٻʣһͣѵлһΡ
˺ܿصվҶ·ʲôҲûһصԼס뷿֮УҶ㲼һ󷨣ʼЦ
ˣķˡ
Ҷʱ¶űرЦ˻
öֵһľһɺǣһöݣһöһöݣ֮һöһ飬һö
Ҷһ㣬Ƕˡ
úúãЩԴҿٴԼʵȽ˵ҲһԱ֮
Ҫһʱ䣬ʮֻҶͻƾ硣
óһöֵҶ̷ȥֵҶʣĻе⡣
Ҷϸϸ֮ʣƺγһѭϢ
Ҳʼֳ磬ҲǳˮǷ֮⡣
溬дľֱӽҶľ忪سڡ
˲䣡
ΪҺ壬뵽Ҷ棬ͻ֮Ļ춴γһС硣
ˣ
ҶƽڽҺǺףѹ

֮һöŭԣ滹һ˿Ҷĳ˳뵽

Ҷ淢֮ϢԽԽǿܿس۷塣
ֻ֮ܳˮػƣҶԲһֵˡ
е⣬ľˮִҶϸϸƷζҪѰҵһЩ
ϧ̫ϧˣˮأҾе⣬϶׵ɱ˾
еȱһǸоԲҶʮŭȥѰˮء
е⣬Ҷ㿪ʼ塣
ڶö̷ֵȥ澹Ȼз֮⻹֮⡣
һʮޣƺһζѵ⡣
СӣԽ֮⣬׵֮ìɱ¾֮
Ľ׸ҶͨҶѣѾʦѵĵزϣܶණĽ׿ָҶ㡣
Ҷһãֱֵ⡣
Ƿ֮⣬ʲôʣȴʵʵĴڣ޷粻ˣԷ϶ǴڵģһǴȻ֮УֲȻ֮һ֡
Ʈһַ磬Խĸı̬ʹ֮ҲйϵҶϸϸƷζİ塣
һʶʼ׵磬棬Ȼֵ⣬ֱ̫ˡ
׵ʲôҲȻ֮һǻ֮ԴҶҪľеĻ־
⣬ҶҪɱһУɱһҲԽԽǿ


1073 
ʱһһйȥҶڵ֮УϸϸƷζֵ⡣
Ҷܿ»ǧˣб
ʫе˷⾳紵Ҷܿ»ǧˣѹ
мᣬҲиգνᲢãǷ֮
֪ҶƮ޹һ㣬ƮǷ֮⾳Ҷ˷֮⡣
žԽԽֻԽԽǿҶԻΪһ磬εƬ½֮ϡ
ѩһҡ߶أȴھŵسЮ
׵֮ȥը죬︴գЯףôصϢ˲ѡ
׵ǻ֮ԴҲȻ֮Դܻ֮ìһ̣˱仯˸ٴγ֣һ֮ͨìס
֮⣬Ҷǻһߣһ⡣
ɥѡѡѳСɥ
Щ⣬ǽѣ˰ʹ࣬Ѱ˰ӶﵽѵĿġ
⻹һ˼սᣬսһУ׻һУ޾ɱ¾⡣
֪ɫҪˣһҹʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ڲֵ⣬оջ֪ʶ
ѹֵ˺ڣͻƾ磬Ǹ򲻵һҲһ硣
˫һӣΪһö׷ɱҶ㣬ϧίȫҶȫҪȡһöĵ⡣
˺ڣǶôҪÿһ֣мһ
˿ʱ䣬ҶֹͣЩʱţȾȹ֮ڼ̷
ݣçڵЩ㲻ܰҶһ磬Ҳʵ
ãˮѹֻѹңҵʵ֮ࡣ
Ҷվӣ򵥵Ĳһ£ˮѹ˺ܶ࣬Ƹ˵Ҳйϵһ˿ϡ
ҾͻƵؾҶԪǵһֿµĵزҪ˾Ҫǿ
֮⣬ҶѾ˾ƾȫԽ֮ɱ
Ҷӣʱˣ׼𣿡
⣬ͷţûиҴҶ㡣
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ӣʮ¡أ˵Ҳμӣ֮УѲ顣
Ҷһ߳ԺӴţͷһĹ֮ɫҶ㣬Ҵһ¡
ôˣΪ˽ţ
ҶĿһͷⲻķ
Ҷ֣ǰе£ڶĳ飬Ƕ֪ˡ
ͷŹ˵
ҶڶĳӮȴӮųĶҪ࣬һնһ첲Ǻ䶯˺ǡ
Ŷ
Ҷֻǵ˵һ֣û⡣
Ҷ֣壬ǻᰵж֣峤ʱ̸㣬⡣
ͷС˵ڳҶһġ
Ҷ΢΢ȴһߣ˸ңˣû˵ٰɡ
Ҷͷпһ£ΪҶ㷢ʲôڶ˵ˡ
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ҶʵǣҲøһʶȻӦ壬ҶҪȥԣܳɹ취
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Ҷ֣룡
æҶý˳ɶһ㶣Լѱʲôʱôˡ
ֿˣ
ҶҲֱ˳ƥĳӣһֻ㣬ֻкʵĳӣܺˮѹƣٵǰȥ
ʮ壬׷׳һ𳯻Ѳĵطȥ췢ش飬帱ϳٻ֮λһ˴档
ΪˣûܳͷȻͷ帣ⲢûмŭԣҪڻɱҶ㡣
壬ҶѰ·ʮͷɱ⣬һʧվ
ԽߣˮѹҲҺҶʵȻôĺ󣬻Գܡ
ѹ༫Ҫ̫ΣˣʵһңҶǿֲ˺üֵ⣬ѹҵ
ǰ治Զǲ˯ĵطǿ쵽ˡ
ָָǰҶ㡣
Ҷ̧ͷȥǰһ޴Уһף˭Ҳ֪ʲô·һ޴ɾޣһС
Ǻ֮أǱ⺣֮Уֲֻܽѡ
˲ϵĸҶܡ
ҶʶҪģʶһ룬ͱѹʧӰ٣ƾ˾ȥҲֻܱн顣
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ʮֲףΪһҪ˿ֱǸ嶪ǰ˵òƲ˵Ҫŭ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵܺ档
Ϊһ洢Ĵ֮ϧ岻ÿɣ޷Ƿӳ
ҲܻҶ㣬⺣֮£Ȼһ޴ĵǴҶͻȻԲˡ
һɽ
Ҷ뽫аԼĿɣϧֻһ룬һٵҲֻܱн飬Լʣ˵ȡɽˡ
׷׸ϵۼܣٴеĿҶϣܿ쿴һϤӰӡ
Сӣ˵ˣҾҪҵǰҿͷһΪŹȷʵ
վˣûȥĳǣϢѾյٻʾȻҶնֱۣ˴Դ󱻷ϵٻ֮λ
Ϣ𶯷ǳ֮ЩûмҶˣ׷׶ͶĿ⡣
㲻͸ҹԶһ㡣
Ҷһŭһǿľѹ˹ȥ
䣡
µ岻Ծĺ޷ҶĿ⡣
ģʲôҷ·𿴵ʬɽѪ
һҲҶĿ⣬׹ߣȫ䣬Ȼ޷԰ΣŵӣٿҶһۡ
Сӣţһῴˣҿ㻹ܲ˿
߿ղȷʵܵвļµͷ𲻵
ʵԽԽǿ֮۵Ĺ𽥱ܿ˵Էսĺ
̣
һӿˣŭ棬һ֣޾ɱͳڸǶ
ٻʣΪ˹壬ڳΪһˣٻʣڶĳҶӮ֣һֱ첲дԴٴαϡ
ĳ裬һ֣Ϳʼѡ
Ǻǣ嵨¡
峤վ˳ס壬˫γ˽ֵľ档


1074 ٶ
໥Գ֣γ˽ֵľ档
׷̧ͷһֵı飬һ壬ԺǵԴҲ͸࣬Զ֮ûԸ֡
ƥ򣬰ǸСӽҿԲ׷壬˭Ҳ뿪
峤һȣĶҶ㣬ҪҶ㳹˺ѡ
ԽԽԵˣѵǺǣѲڼ˲飬ʱҶеΡ
ڽҶ㽻ȥ峹ûлỽѲˣһλᣬһ
һѣ㣬ҶǻҲˡ
ûҪɱɱǲܣӰ쵽˻ѲǾͲˡ
ǹ峤Ͻһһȵᣬݲһء
׷׸ͣ˼˫Ҫս뿪ҪӰǣһ徺ǵĻҲӡ

˫粻ɿʱ򣬺ˣǰ濪·һֻӴһ̻Ի͵Ĺ
񶼳Ǳ߿˹ȥӹ֮У߳ΪһΣ̤
һǿϢ⺣ȻǵɾҾֹһٵɣʶɨҶʱϢҶȫ䡣
ôҾõˣ
׼õϣƤЦⲻЦʺ򵽡
ף죬޽
ʼݣֻһǾҶ㣬Ȼվԭء
úúãɣϾҪʼˣҶ׼һ¡
һ֣ЩվΪеѹԽԽÿ곱ϫصʱ򣬺֮ϣˡ
ô£Ϊιô쫷磬˿µľˣ
˫Ȼû뿪غħԵɱҶ㣬ĲΪˡ
ͻȻ죬忪ʼƶҵԵλã׷£Щǰʦʦ׷׼ˡ
ҶҲ׼ˣܱػ˴ɶվҶ峤Щ峤վںߣϵĹš
˵ҵһΪʦˡ
΢΢Ƥߵ峤ʵ
غȷд£ǰйֻЧǰ
峤СĻش
ʲôЧǰҿˣ춼ҪǣһǻѲ顣
峤Ŵ
峤Ҳ˵Ŀ峤ڿЦһ㡣
˵ûǰȱȷʵйʧˣһʧܣʲô
û峤ݣԲΪ˵һԼ
ʮ壬ÿ궼ҪϹԺϣκһ壬һûжƫ̻
֪
峤γ֪һҶʧܣĲԶˡ
ʧȥ˴УζǻֻܱͨЩʳĲ׽
ῪʼˣĿԴɣ
Ҳûж˵ʲôȻϣԼˣĳһ˻ߺ赲ˣһ˳Ȼ
ʮ壬ֱռʮý޴ΧγһȦ˭ܻѣȻͻ˭ǰ
ͷӪʦ
ǹǱҲʦ첻ͬ¡
ֻһʦþȻҲ٣շǳ֮ߡ
ǿڼǴӿܷ֣мʮ崵˿ڡ
Ǵģбⱬ棬һ˿С
ͨĵӣ˺ࡣ
ãŮԱһã
ʨ֣ǵһľһöţֵǣǳɣ·һƬ硣
Ǹǿжʮʦרָӵģַˣ͸ȥ
ֻ壬ֻҶһˣϣҶʹ·磬ȻҲһʦǻʦ࣬С
һַҶ˫ۣżԭء
߼תȴ޿κΣ˶ʼˣΪҶ㻹ʼ
磬㾲һ£ҪҶ磡
˿߶Ҷ㡣
ܲżǶʼˣ
ۿҶ㵯٣һΪҶڹŪ飬ƫƫڴ֮УҶ
ҿ㲻һĳ˰ɣʲôʱˣĵԭء
峤Χÿһ嶼ʼˣΨߣҶ㻹ڱĿ˼
ʤҪģ˭˭Ҫ𣿡
峤һ䣬ȻûףʱƲ塣
һỹôЦó
峤ϴЦ⣬峤ɱȻֻҪ˴һҪɱҶ㡣
ȵһһʱҶŻ˫ۣ˫ִ֮ϣȪˮˣɽˮСϪϣ紺簻Ȼףϰϰ綬
ҶļҲ˼飬а֮УбʹҲϲ֣аҲл졣
绶ַ֮û֮УǣЩ·𲻼ˣҶǡ
֣
ͷ峤˸һ˿֮ɫȻҶˡ
峤Ҳһž֮ɫҶ㡣
񵽱ˣСӾȻ£һлỽѲ飬һСԺ궼ܻѲˡ
峤²⣬żʵ
мʵ峤ϵЦŨˣţܽҶԶ彫ԳΪԲ塣
пȡΪһ
峤ǷǵʱҶٴһ䣬ɱ
ΪҶܵɱҲ֮仯ڣˮޣ٣аħ
ٶģ˲򵥣
վںߵ΢΢һ˵
Ϊٶģ
Ͽ˹ȥ
˵ԣҲı˵ıһ˵ˡ
ϻ˵֮УƺҲЩţҶԼ˵Ļһξ룬ʵԺٶĻңԶ
ô棿
峤ˣ侹ȻĿԣܸıһ˵ԣҲ̫˼ˡ
Ҷ㲻֪ʲôٶģ˿ȫŵԼ֮УԼ㷢
Сˮ纣ˮ紺ɨɳɳ˸
ڴҳ⾳еʱг˱仯һöտɫһ֣
ˣ
һ˷һС


1075 
봦һöտɫӳˣмСƯ棬ܴ֡
ˣЩʦ׷ϣ䵽Լǰ
Ҷ㻹ǲûп飬Լ룬һ㱻ھ
龲Ư֮ϣƺƶ֪һָܵӼң׷ҪԼ顣
ಣ
ͷǱֽ߳ʱ򣬲ͻȻɵ˺Ӫúϲʼ
ϧһʱ䣬ַ˰ǹͣһʱ䣬ٴʧһطͣںͣʱ䣬ָ顣
ͣʱ䣬ܿ쵽ߣҲͣʱ䡣
ٴһ䵽Ʈ֮ϣһƺҶˡ
ˣûгֹߡ
巢̾ÿһǰѹͲֱȥˣΪһЦ
ǽ꣬ˣһͣ˺üʱ䡣
ಣ
ǱͻȻһ䣬ʧˣ뽣򣬺岻Ҳʼ仯ܿ˺巽
뵽ʮֵֽľ棬˭飬ΨҶ㣬ûȥӪһһ࣬ӺǱַ˻
ٴδϲ֤ҶлỽѲ顣
ͣ˼ַ֮ɵǱߣʼͣ
ʱһȥĸ򣬷ֱǽ㣬㣬㣬Լ㡣
ĸƶˣ֮£ֹ֣֪ͣϣˡ
һյʱ鶼ѡǣûлˣ֡
´˿ʮֽţû뵽ֵܼڣҲÿһǱͣʱԽԽ
ǲҪڱˣȫʩչ
ͻȻһʶЩʦĶ
ʱ䣬Ǳͻ䣬ԽԽ죬ƺҪǹ
Ҳóƣ
廹к׷׸ıսҶǵ֮Уش󣬷·κơ
һѹѰյĹ
ĸ򣬲֪ͣ˶ٴΣһֱ޷
뽺ŵ״̬ϲڼٲռҪʧȥᡣ
廹ǽ㣬ƴĵزЩʦѪ嵽˼ޡ
ۣ
һʦһѪͻȻˣֱӷߣҲûл
㱻̭ˣʧȥ˻Ѳʸ
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弸ռ˴룬ÿһκ֧ŵ
ξ㣬ں棬㣬궼ûлѹ
ô£ʱͷֳʤˣΪν굽ڣ黹ûѡá
峤ɻ֮˰ʱЩʦֲȥˡ
԰һʱ̫˵㣬ҪⰡ
峤ҲһüǱҲûлˡ

ҶͻȻһ䣬һһʦͻȻʧ֣һѪ塣
ٶģȻˡ
Ϸһ磬ȻʧЩ˼顣
СӾȻʹթԻʦͷСӡ
峤ŭղźȻҶǵʦ
Ц廹˵ʲôˡ
峤ЦԽԽŨҲ̭ˣֻʣº壬ɹԽԽˣñ˴ϡ
û˵ʮȤĿҶ㣬úǰһ
źûзӦ峤ݺݵĵҶ㣬ϣϽˣ鱻õ
ͻȻĿԽԽҶҲڱ仯ûиղɱ֮Ƕһ͡
·һֻ͵Ĵ֣ĸ飬ƯҶǰ
ŲҶǰͣʮʱ䣬ˡ
֪ȥû˼ˣʵѾˣֻǲԸ֮˳
˶¶֮ɫ˳ˣΪβ黹ûѡ񣬶һֱƯҶǰƺһʵš
ҶҲżףֻһڵ٣ЩʼԾţ·ҶȾ
㿪ʼظ裬ΧҶصԾһȺгĻ档
ĵĻ峤ͲЦڿ԰ˡ
ŽβҶԽԽСţһʧ
һϣҶ㻺˫ۣղĵ٣۾Ҳ֣ķ
ƯԼǰĲ飬Ҷܵһɴ󺣵·棬ݷһ
ҶҪȥãƫƫʱֵ鷢ˡ
ಣ
ʧˣֱҶ档
⡭
˴һô굽ҶȥˣЩ˼顣
Сӣ󵨣Ȼҿɽȥˡ
һվľ峤ΪҶǹ壬Ŀľǵȡ顣
峤Ȼȷǲ鲻ˣغ彫ˣòվҶΧ
԰꣬¿϶Σô˵
վ˳ֹҹΪ
ڻʲô˵ģˣ鶼ˣĹС
Ҫû壬ĺȵ
û콻顣
׷׸ͣҪҶ㽻顣
峤ʱͷö˭֪ı仯Ҷȥˡ
ӲҶȡƺǲԼȥģôҲûˣǸȥ
԰꣬Ǹһ˵Ļᡣ
ͱƣ峤޲ߣֻǸҶһ˵Ļᡣ
µ񣬻ʲô˵ˣɱãȡ
ŽҪƿҶĶӣȡ
Դʮּңһ˶ѹȣҶ¶һ˿⡣
ȿȣҲûеȡҾҵ棬ʱó
Ҷ˼Щ˵
𣿡
峤æʵ
Ȼģ
ҶҲûף˿Σͷϣ鲻ҪԼ鷳ʶ鹵ͨ
Ҷʶڲֲ̾ˮ֮ϣɢһɾ캧ˣˮأˮأ뵽Ҷ㵤֮С
þˮء
Ҷ㰵ľʶ鹵ֹͨͣɢˮأһ£ЩҲи
òʮ˳Ҷʶһ֮ϣɢտɫĹʣʮֶĿ
ҿ˰ɣǿԷˣ
峤һֻҪ黹ھС


1076 дӡ
ֻǶһʱ䣬ٴλصҶ棬ɢɲĺˡ
еֻˮһֱûˮأȻΪҺ壬ˮǹˮ֮⣬Ƿȱʲô
֮תҶͲе⣬˿ȫѣдӡ֪γˡ
зӡԲݱе⣬һʩչдӡγѭӡϧ
Ҷ̲סھҪʩչϧʱΧԼҶҪ취뿪˵
ûˮ飡
Ҷһ뵽˱ˮ飬˱ˮ飬ں½һǺ֣û˿Լ
Ҷɢ˰ɣõ飡
峤˻֣ôҶɢȥ
˲ƽ뿪ﻹкܶɻֻܽĶҶ㣬ⱻߡ
£ǲǸöֳŵˡ
Ҷ㳯¿˹ȥǵʱ򣬾˶ע
ҪߣͻȻҶסϱܲÿ˺ܿ콫֮Ķע˳
帾ǰҶٻʵݶϵˣǰСӵõ˲飬ֻԶԶ뿪˭֪Ǳסˡ
ûСӣǵҶ֮Ķעɣöˡ
ȡ飬ҲͦһĿһеӡ
ǸǸ
˸ˮȻʲôˣ϶ܵ峤ͷ
ôԸĲҵź棬Υ
ܾȻź˵£ŵΥ⵽Ц
˭˵ҲˣǱˮ飬ߣ
Ž峤һɱĿԼֱˮ飬ӸҶ㣬Ƶ뿪
Ҷֽӹˮ飬оܺˮѹȫʧˣԼھһֻܺˮƣá
ʧȥȫˣҶôܲˣֶһԱ֮
غǣ
һȣص˹֮Уص˺ǡ
׷׸Żȥںܴ죬ףһ¡
ҶһɶԷҶ㣬κ˲׼
ʮ˽Ҷػ׼ӽҶ㡣
Ҷ磬ô굽ȥ
ɶ۾һ˿˷ı档
Ҳ֪
ҶˮģԼȱһ˲飬ҶֻôԼ͡
Ҷ㿪ʼЩˮأ֮ԽԽǿҶϵϢʼѹƲסˣ񱩵Ҫй

һ·֮ϣҶˮسڲͨת
Ҷ磬ܽҵ𣿡
ͻȻһҪҪҶ١
ԣ
Ҷһ㣬һ˵Ļ꺣֮У׵̻֮˵档
ллҶ磡
û뵽Ҷ㽫׶Լˣ˵
Ҷ˸йٲǺܻһŰֽףϣܽ׷Լһ׷ΪԼĽŲ
Ҷ˵ͷűĿȥˣһп硣
Ҷ棬￪ʼ۵һγһֻ޴ӡҪҶ壬
е⣡
Ľ׾Ҷڲе⣬Ҫ֮֮⻹Ҫǿ󣬶ǿĶöࡣ
ܺãҸоԼﵽ۷壬һƾ۷塣
Ҷ˫ۣһâͶɶ˫ۿҶ㣬Ŷ̶һʱ䣬ҶϢͷ˷츲صı仯
ǰԽԽȤˣɶԴҶ㣬ǸҶЩ˼
ܿص˺ǣ뵽˺ɺԽӴ
ʮ峤׷ЩٻʣҶǱڸ峤һ𣬵λһ
ףԲɹ
ıӣף˵
׷վڣҶԵǷǷӣ˱ơ
Ȼõ˲飬ǲҪóǶհһ¡
峤±ӣ峤˵һ棬ǸоŤ
ҲŸͣЩġ
峤Ŀ⿴Ҷ㣬
ԣǲ飬塣
Ҷ˳ҶģҶվӣֽ峤
ӹ飬һɱ⾳壬ܶ˷ĳˣȷ顣
λɻлҪ˵
˽ϴŽ֮ɫ
峤ҶһǲûзֲһЩ仯
ˮضԼˣӹȻղţԶ뵽ˮ֮Уֻһöӣ¼˺ܶ崫С
һʱŽҶصԼԺӣɫδҶ˴ǳʣ׼뿪
ҶҪߣ峤һϹ֮У˸֮ɫ
ҶֶֻҪҿԴӦĵλ˿ҵͣҿԽɶ㣬ŮѡԴǲõġ
һ峤֪ǿ϶סҶ㣬ΪоҶϢԼ֮ϣԴջ
л峤ĺ⣬һкܶҪѾ״ɶԺһԻѲ顣
Էɱ⣬Ҷ˵ͷԷǿԼҶ㲻ɱ䡣
ģ
峤ɶ˹ȥɶ˵ͷ֮ЩȻΪҶҪ뿪ˣദɶȻЩˡ
úúãԿɶ츳Ӧòѣָ۷塣
峤ãóԴҶ㣬Ǹл
ҶҲûܾ帻ͣԴǳḻó͸ҶҲţһë
ʹ˸ǣ
Ҷһܺˮǣƣϲ˷֮⣬ֱʧԭء
ףľˣ
Щףôô˵ˣΪβǿ£ԺΪʹ
ԶᱻУͻữһɳ졣
峤ƺһˣղҶôʧģûӦǿг֣϶Եѡ
ôǿ󣿡
ܻЩš
ǳǿˮѹ϶סˣ˾׷ɱ֮£ͷǳ򵥣ѵû֣ѾͻƵؾ𡣡
˵֮峤˵ʵֻ֪Ҷ㣬ĿĴﵽҶ
ԭһʼ峤;Ҷ㲻򵥣ֻһֱû˵ˣ˿̲¶Լ顣
Ҷ⼸һĻĻܵ˵ͷƼ򵥣ʵҶÿһƺˡ
Ӯȡˮ飬ڶĳӮ֣ⲻһģҶϻиܡ
峤ǸС뿪ˣˮȥ
һ̽ӻرһֱҶ㣬ܻ


1077 ɱ
ҶһˮţܺˮԼ֮ܿǱˮǿ
ͻȻ
Ҷüһˮʼҵķ֮ϣƺһҶȥˡ
Сӣ
峤ˣҶ
ǲ֪ȻˣҾնɱ
Ҷһûг֮ϷȥǳԶĵطζҪնɱǣܾһ֣Ҷ鷳ˡ
ӣⷽԲҷסˣȥ
Ҷ㳯ĺߣĸ
һ䣬Ҷǰ׾룬ԽԽɣ⺣ˮѹȫʧƽء
뺣ԽԽԶ룬㷢սҲֲˣѾһƬ
ҶͻȻͣס壬סԼ¶ɱ⡣
Сӣҿӡ
峤ɱȻΪһֻ㣬ʮ֮ǳ޴
˭˵Ҫˡ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʼվûҪߣֻǰѡ
СӣͷӲ㽻ףҵǿԸһʹ졣
峤ȻҶϵףܻѲ顣
ҪףͿûˡ
ҶͻȻһŭµɱɢĽֱӱɱĨɱ
Ȼɱ壡
峤ŭһ֣˳ˣҶӵǧͷˣֲֳָ棬ˡ
һҵ֮⣡
Ҷ¶ɱ⣬һɱһ׵֣ںˮ֮ը죬˹˻
䣡
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׵绹ûֹͣԶĵطƮǷԲǧеͼ˲䱻һա
Ҷо꺣һգ˴󲿷Ԫ֮ɨһȦ¶֮ɫ
ÿֲĹǵ𣿡
ǧͷϢҶҲԼֶˡ
ΪǺףˮܵ磬׵繥Ҫ½ǿʮֹ
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ȻԼݹ飡
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۷弶ɱһҶ˻֮⽣֮Ул֮ս֮Դ
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ļֱըΪһѪˮܺˮɫ˺ɫѪҺ
ʬѻɽƯں֮£ֲ̫
ղ׷ɱҶǧͷ壬²ֻʣ峤һˣƮҶǰһĿ־г֡
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ҶԽԽǿʱ䣬Ȼ˵زղˡ
似ְҶһһչֳ峤оԵĲһˣһһ֡
ˮ޾Ѫ֮ŻʬƮ峤˫ͨ졣
СӣҪᣡ
峤Ϊһ£ҶߵĺˮӿˣǿҪҶɽȥ
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ɱһ϶ɱ峤Ψдӡлᡣ
ʱҶһλϵѹһӡǺ֮ϡ
֮Ҷо˸ضһ𣬾Ͷ֮䣬شԴԴϵӿ
֮ڵҶѽȣҪȸսħ֮ǰǿʮԪ˾
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ʲôˣΪκˮ˱
峤ԶԶˮع·һɾ޴ĳϫ
峤ȥˣ
ˣһɨڳ֮ʵ
֪ȥ׷ǸСȥ˰ɣ
˻شҶ뿪ϢѾֶߣҲ²⣬׷ɱҶȥˡ
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µӡ֣գضȻʧɫˮһƬ֮С
֮УҶ죬أѹ˵似˺ڣǵ壬⣬ֻѰҵԼ⾳ܸһ
ҵ˺ڣ似Ѿ̭ˣ˭ĵԽ࣬ȻԵȻ֮
ҶھǵȻ֮ѭ峤ݺݵѹȥ
ɱ
Ҷ˿ͷֻһ֣ǾɱЩ˲ϵĳԼҪԼҶãһ̣Ҷһɱ
ûʵĿ¾ԼΪ棬Ҷѡ
ɱһ羪ԨݺϤ뵽дӡ֮Уɱڷŭ֮Уйң񣬴ݿࡣ
ˮԼֿΪҶĴӡֱ˺ѣ֮ЩʬֱըΪһѪˮ
ʬ֫Ѫ
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̫ˣҶ㶼оԼˡ
ˬ̫ˬˣʲô˾ҲҪ
Ҷ㷢һŭͻȻӴӡ˲¡
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ѣ׳ѷ죬ҽܺˮ¶ȸߡ
ۣ
峤ɳȥһѪѪˮȾ˴󺣡
ɱһ
Ҷϣ˷һɨ·һֱ峤Ѩ
дӡȻֻʩչһΣҶоеﶼˣԺʩչ
ɱһһ˿߱ʽУ޴˿дӡ
ֻǹûдӡɲյľ̫ļˡ
Ҫɱң
峤ˣ˿ˣһжûˣ嶼ҪΣա
ң
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żĺҶûᣬɱ¾ֱ֮ն¡
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峤ԴѪ䣬ʼŤʧȥԴһʱҲˣǻˡ
գ
Ҷһ峤ڵ˳ϵıһȡ漴廯Ϊһ⣬ں֮ϡ
Ҷ뿪һǣϵˣѾʧȥͷ­峤ڿʧҶ㣬һŭ
޾ĺ˳ˣ˲ˣҶ£ֹ뿪
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ŰԼĺˣҶָһ㣬һɽӿϵĺ˸ѹסˣವһɳˮ棬ŵʵĿ
Ȼˣ
ҶƵԼ˾ɫĿ£Ȼһɱһ峤Ǻǵĳ衣
峤ŵɫҰףҶˣҲ˵峤ҲкܴĹϵȻʮϣͬΪ壬ɱĸо
ҸղѹҶ㣬ҪǸղųˣľԼˣղŵһĻ峤亹ܡ
ܻɶͣЩţҶղһնɱ峤Ŀȫ벻Ҷƾأնɱ˾Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ǲӦøһ˵
˵ˣ峤пһ£Ļˡ
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ôģұ˭Σ壬ȥϣһളɱۡ
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峤һֻǾһ£û׷ʱȫˡ

Ҷܳˮ棬ʹ֮˷򣬳ħȥ׼뿪һ¾ؾӣû뵽һħ㵢µʱ䡣
ԪǾԼҶȫس۷壬ϻڶ౦Ҷ˾֮ǰôǷȱԴˣϻкܶϣȥԽ˱Ϊɱﵡ
֮ϣҶ㷢һХһ䣬ͻΪһСڵ㣬ʧں֮ϣޱȡ
һǷˣû뵽峤˶ıƾ̫î㹻Ҷպܾһʱ䡣
Сӣ
ҶһħһȣһӰֱסԼȥ·˫غʮʱ䣬Ȼδ뿪
СӣȻû
˫͸һƣħʮʱ䣬֪˶ٷ紵ܡ
㾹Ȼҡ
Ҷ¶֮ɫԼü˫ȻԷû뿪۳ɱ⡣
û뵽ˮ״ʮ죬ûʵ˲٣㽫ϵıҿһȻݹҲ
˫ƺЩ裬ҶϢɽһͷʱʹ˷϶ܣʮˣֶܿء
˫ұΪУ֮Ѿõ˴ʵԼҪɱңŵ´ʵըŴ׷ɱңŹңҲ㣬ҪɱҵˣѾˣҲ⡣
Ҷ˵꣬ɱ¾֮ʵʣǹ糱ɱ۳ѪȻûԲǧħ
ҶϢ˫һƺЩţҶʵû뵽˿µĵز
ҶϻеӵĲ˼飬ɱһΪ֮ɳһݣֵƺ뵽֮С
ܵķʼŤй⻷˫Уһ޴ȻҪɱҶ;ԷߵĻᡣ
ȻЩŵСˣ
ܿռƺ˫ϳһ˿Ũ֮ɫֱۻһƳҶ£Ȼ˾ʱ䣬ûвԼĵ壬似ȴ˼꣬ѵ¯ĵزһ˿С
ǵصˣҶ¶һ˿Ц̽ԣ˾һҶ㾹Ȼ治ɫֱһһɨһ򷨣ӡʧвҶ㡣
ԼƱҶһն˫¶һ˿֮ɫ
ô㱾𣿡
ҶЦһɱһˣ̤ҾŲɱ䣬Уɱ⣬۳ɺһУϯȥƺҪƬضҪ顣
սģǧħ񣬴ӵ֮߳ɱգ춯ء
˾ףΪһĽݣɢѤĻ⣬˫ݺݵն¡
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Ǵ˿ֱ̣ŤʧܵضɽҡɽɽӶһϢ֪ɱһ˶ɱ⡣
˫˫ҪֵҶһƾһŵϢҶΪǿǿ˾ӡ
˺ȻĽˣ·׵˺ӣնϲ񷣬γһɫ׵磬绡֮ϣɢޱļµĽ⡣
ڳ϶ᱻҶ۷һϧħļ̤֮㣬Ĵıʧˣ̶ʧֻǰװ׵
ĹžҶ̤ǣÿһ˫ɫѿһ֣ϢĽʱܽ
ն
ףҶ㷢һŭ𣬽֮һƬڰ·뵽޾ĵ
˫룬Ҷʵﵽ˵زʱԻͷһŰ丮һ뿪
Ҳҿ
˫ɲ峤ܱ⣬ǻ˼꣬˾һٶ꣬ûͻƣǻܵĵ̷ǳǿǿµԪһؾҪ
ױŰңײ֮ѽ٣ٴζɽһ㣬ħħ
ܺãе˼
һ˫ɱҶ㷴û˼ʧȥֵʸҶʵ̫죬ҪһսȹԼľ磬º֢
ͣ
˫ܵĺܼʱƿɱһǰغ󱳣ǳ˽ˣɨУʱѪע
Լϵ˿ڣ˫ЩţȻһϰĽɫ˵ˡ
֮ǰԼϵ׷ɱҶ㣬˳ǰһ˺壬Ľ޷˫ܡ
ʵݲһ˿Ҷ
ڽһָ
ɱ¾֮Ҷָ㣬ڸıսɱù⣬ɱһܡ


1079 ý
ɱһ˫ҶһָȻ˽ԪҪһָ
ָӡһշһһɽ˫ݺݵѹ
ƣɽѣһʣҪٵһУָӡȵĹâ沼ķӡ
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ָӡγɵһ̣ܿռһѿܲסҶһָ֮
ΪͻƣҶκһУֵԪת˲Դ֮䱾ʣ˿ڵɾԪ˾Ҷûжѹ
ýˣ
Ҷޱϲûκθɫ棬ڿһʮƽ֮¡
µָӡ˫˵ֵΪ֪һжͽ͵ģָӡãȻУ⻹ʶؿԽսսʤ˾
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ղ˷·һ޸ץסһͱ壬ûʲôˡ
˫ôãӦ֪Υɻһжҵģɣ
ָһ㣬˫Դֱըħˣʼ˫֮Уеķ򶼱Ҷ뼺
ܺã˾ķãյԽ࣬ҵĳɾҲԽ󡣡
˫ķ֮Ҷоӯ˲٣˾ķҪǿʮ
һУҶ㻯ΪһӰֱʧԭأħΧȥ
ʱˣħѾָƽ̴Ϫɵﶼʼߣû֪Ҷ㵽׷ȥ
Ҳɢļ˻໥ڸľ¥죬һħ顣
һνˣֻм˻˳Ѿ䶯ݡ
˵ǸҶСǻһħջӮң˵̶֮Уȡϱпһ
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۵ĹһӰˣֱ¥ں״ʮ죬ҶˣϢһ£·صƼҡ
Ӱ˷׷׿ֱվӶƷˡ

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Ҷ㣬ħȡļˡ
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һ˸ͣĿģǵҶ㣬û뵽ĵȵˣôܲ˷ܡ
𣡡
һ˷ܵĺУʮһҶΧɱڡ
Щ˵ҶʮƽƽĿһ˿·ڿһ޹ؽҪ飬ԼûκεĹϵ
ȷҪ֣
񻷹һȦŮŮ٣۵ףҶ㲻Ǻɱ֮ˣǱƵˣˣҶҲҪħ
Сӣ㲻ҪװǻˣϽ϶гǿԸһʹ졣
һʮҵƺЩͷˣվһ̫̫˹ϵһ㣬Ҳ¹ϵеĳĳªŮĳĸ˲ֱӡ
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СߵҶ岽֮⣬ƣҪȻ˵ҪҶһ
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꣡
һֻƳˣ߷һĲҽУղƱҶһն£ڵš
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ҶĿһۣ˿ߵĺ
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ҲҪŵˣɱһӰ٣ԼߣôˣһˣһϣɱڹϷֱ
ӿʼȶãν˶׳˼ʮˣ˺սҲܽҶɱ
ƴˣ
˶һϣͻƣԲŻײײЩŵӣЩ֮£Ҳƿ
ûоԵţֻ˭ߵĸԶҲԼƿվһ죬Ϊǰ
ҷ׷׳Ũɱھ¥֮ţǵ¥ҪܲסЩ˵ɱ
ܺãˣȻҪϵıǾɣ
Ҷܳ·ˣֻܱ֣ɱ¾֮ɢ˷ܵ˻Ҷ㾳ͻƣɱ˫˫Ҳﵽؾ
ɱһ壬߿лֳɱʩչ߱ʽ
СӺȻʱ䣬ɱϷֱ
˰Ͳסʼˣʮ˶ʱ䣬۳ɺһҶѹ¥˲仯Ϊҽ
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һɱ¾ˣҶ˫ɢɺ֮ɫɱѪʼգҶʵڻûиѪ̬ѪһŭԼҰԣͷųԭʼѪ
һɨͷǲһȺں֮ڣҶ϶⣬ĵĶ󣬴㰵ͱӡ
ۡ
Ѫڽͷ֮ϣϵʯѾѪ̶һУҶնɱˣʮֲпᡣ
һҲȷʵһЩˣһЩˡ
ϧҶɱһΨɱ¾ƽϢԭʼѪһɱħҶϡ
ɱǿɱ
֮кָܿٴһ𣬷׷׳֣أղŴ˭ҲԸͷ񣬶׷֣˿Ϊ˱Ҳ˼ɲˡ
ٴͻƣҲ˶ãΪܸһԻȥ
ųȺҶ㻺ɱ¾֮ü֮Уѿһӣ˵ٶƺ˼ʮţһһҶ㿿


1080 ħ
ۣ֮Щ˵ٶҶʮǵӰڻطһ
ҶˣΪһӰ˷֮⣬Եޱ飬һ磬Щм䣬ÿһɱ¾֮Ӷһʻ
һ̣ʱ·ֹˣضʼĬΪĬձһʯѹÿһ˵ͷ
㣬ȴôҲ㲻Ҷĳ·Ҷܼÿһʽ仯ȵǿҪҶʱ򣬷Լʧȥ֪
ʱ޿̽УһƬ壬Ѫɺӡ
ŮŮ٣ֻҪǳҶֵģǵˣȻǵˣһ
Ӱ
˷һҽУˣĺˣ̶ʱ䣬Ȼʮˣʣʮˣ񵨲һ˳Զȥ
һħ׵ħˣǿߣ
֮˵Ļ˼ͬ飬ˣֻߣԶԶ뿪طһҲڼҶ㡣
ߣǽ˭Ҳ߲ˣ
ߵʮˣҶĮ·һɱһ׳׵ˣ֮ìɴѾݱ˵⣬һ֣Ϊֱסǵȥ·
Ҫ
ʮ˷ĲҽֱӻΪҽ׵Ĺ֮£ȫʬղΧҶʮˣһ⣬ȫ
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ľˣɱľˣôֵòֵãҶ뵽ãĵز
ںףɱֻˣɱ˫ɱôˣҲˣҲмˣԼմȾôѪΪʲôѵǵɱˣܽһ
һʺţҶ㳯ƼҸȥʺԽԽҶҪȥһ߲Ҷͻħκ˶ˡ
ҶӣĽ̾Ϣһ
ʱ䣬̫죬ڲħ
Ľ׿ıȽ壬飬˭ҲﲻˣֻҶԼնħȻԺͻ߳һѭһɱ¾
ͣͣҶϵϢԽԽ䣬Ŀ£վߣܶһ
СӣҪ߳ħȻľͻɥʧԼʶ
Ľ׿ʼҶǿŵ㣬Ҳȱ㣬ԽǿҲԽ߳Լħ
һ·֮ϣҶûСף·һһĽ׽٣ƺǣ֮УֻʣԼһˣĽ׼νҶĵ˻ȥ֮Уһ˿顣
Ľ׻СװаŮ˴յһ𣬿ʼΪҶ㵣
ôˣΪβˣûһ˿档
ЩʣĽʵ
ܸʱ̫йϵһ·֮ɱˣܶ඼޹֮ˣԼ·˻֮ģôǶԻǴǴģһףǶԵģһֱɱ¾ȥһѵĿԼôѡѡĲԣһֻܾˣ
Ľ̾Ϣһε˵
ҶôѡпΪһͷɱ¾Ϊ֪ԼôǶԻǴöˣ޹ô죬ҪǴˣԼôãһֱߵĶǴĵ·
ããȻȻجج֮ҶصƼңڻʱ򣬾Ƽң˿ҶѾ쵱š
֪ҶһʱҲΪ˸лҶ㣬ҲħͻƵؾ
򿪶ţҶޱ飬ᣬǶû֪ΪһޣȫɢһϢ
Ҷʦܣôˣǲǲˣ
ҶӣʮֵģŹĵʵ
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Ҷʮֱ䣬Щɣ⻹ǰǸҶôͻȻӣ˱䣬·һǧ겻ıɽ
˵Ҳᣬ߽֮УǻеԵģûκθ顣
ҶҪԼĸ飬еĸ·𶼱סˣһ֮У޷߳Լǵ߳
ҶĮıӰվԭһյʱ䣬ŻָȫţҶˣƺһˡ
֪ҶһҶ㣬ԼӱģʮʹԼǰ޻̸ڼԼһ˵˼֣˽һףǶ
㵽ôˣΪαӣǸ׵Ĵ
Ҷ㣬ʮΪҶ㵽죬ĪĹϵ
ƽĹʱ䣬Ҷ㲻ͣƺȫľˣں׻ȡ˴Դ㹻Ҷ̶̼ʱ䣬Ҷʵٴһ
֮⣬ûʲô仯г޵ĻгޣʱҶƣֳɱ⣬Ҷϱ
Ϊڼ壬Ҷûа취֣ȻܵǣƣҶַŭɱ¾֮Ӵ̼Ҷħɱ¾֮ԽԽأƺ඼ҪΪһ
ҶߵĽˣӣʮʹЩҶѹһЩӣǿЦƼҿʼԣҶʲôѾɥʧǡ
˴ԣҶΪǿΪѾ߻ħŶ̶ʱ䣬Ҷأֱ˼顣
˻ɣҶ֮ԱʲôħֳˣҪ彫Ҷȥ
۷׷ףϷˣҶԶƼҵӣû˿ԽȥһƽϢ
Ҷħȡı˰д⣬˰·أ޲ҶֱӷϳΪ
֮Ҷ뿪ƼңǸȥȻû˸飬˿˼άȫǰ滮õ飬ɵת
ǵһȥԺӣ֪ôˡ
ƿԺӣ໥̸н֮ɫĽݵصĶȲһǡ
˽˷׷׿˹һûκθɫʵҶޱ˽
ʲôˡ
ҶźĽݵʵ
ӣˣм˱μץˣ˵Ҳйϵǰ죬ڽμҴӣǿһŮҪֹѾˣΪֹμҵ˴ˣ˶ˡ
Ľݵ򵥵Ľ˵һ顣
ԭǰ죬Ľݵм˳ȥ£μǿдһŮĽݵ£żҪ뿪
ǼǶǴСڼĻ֮г󣬶ұץŮǵ滷Ҳ࣬ǰ棬һŭ֮£ͳˡ
μȻʲô壬Ͼ˾ҲһЩλвظ֣⼸ȻصزȣԵ̫ˡ
֪ĩҶɢһɱ
ߣȥμң
Ҷ˵Ժ滹мİӰӡ


1081 ɱμ
Ҷֱת뿪Ľݵ·ȥμҡ
ӣȵȵȣǲҪƶһ¼ƻܽǼȳȥ¡
Ľݵ˼ܼ򵥣ȻҲļ˼ˣǸμȣԵ̫СȥǼײʯͷѻʯ
Ľ˵ĲӣǻҪӳ顣
ʱ˵ΪӦһ£óȻǰȥ
Ƕμ𣿡
Ҷÿһɨ˸оȫ磬޷ֱҶ˫۾·𿴵һ̶ףǱһľޡ
ǲ˼ǿ϶Ҫȡ
ΪʲôҶһλΪα仯֮࣬ڿҶ۾С˵
˵ˣߣ˭Ҷһһȫᣡ
Ҷ˵꣬ðһɳǵĺ⣬ɱ⣬ڳһһ䣬İףž֮ɫҶ㡣
ãȻӾˣǰȥ˸μƴˣ
ĽݵȥˣμҸв֮һǰȥҲãҲգˡ
ĽݵĴ֮£Ҷһ˳μҿٸȥ
ӣһ£⼸λҲļˣͭ˶ǧ
Ľݵ˽ܸҶ㣬ϴҶʮ˵ʮ֮䣬ҵֻ⼸ˣʮ˴ˣһһģһˣĽݵԲ£
˺һŮ֮⣬ĶˣıȽ㣬óһ㵹Ҷû뵽е˲š
Ѿ֪ˣҲɣ˵ǣҪʱ򣬱֣һ㼴ɣԴһ᳨ĹӦЩˣֻһʹ𡣡
ҶȻһ˿飬໥һۣҶЩɣһҶᣬڶҶ㿴޸飬һаħɡ
˵ҶȻҲ˵ǳΪԼǶôǵѡжģҶҲֱնɱ
μҾҶԺӲǺԶ˴һʱܿ쿴һƬլμ֮أȻռĶ
ˣ
һμҺլҶ¶һ˿аЦЦëȻվߵĽݵҶˣѵҶҪμҡ
μȻ󣬵ǶҲǧ˿ڣƾҶһɱ⣬һ˾
ҶһֱͷۣνݵҶҰᵽμҵĵҶ˼ˣȵһҶҵǰܡ
Ҷһ߰ڵǰμҴһЩӷˣ˲佫Ҷ˰Χ
ǺˣΪǿμң
Ϊ͸ǳŵĵϾǿǲԻЩμҲҪ˱ᣬҪСĶԴ

ҶɢԽԽŨһ˿鶼ûУĽҡҡͷҶԽԽˣĽһɱ¾磬ֻɱ¾ûһ˿أĿǰһУǰźõġ
꺣֮УǰŵЩ¶֮Ҷͻ᳹ɥʧԼʶһͷɱ˿ħĽʮֵġ
Ҷɱ⣬μЩɫ䣬ͷųźţǿμҡ
ǻԥʲô
Ҷɨһ۰ǣΪλ֣ѵҪԼ
ڳɣĿҶնɱؾڻصƼҵһ·֮ϣҶնԪҵĻӣնɱһŵš
ɱ
⼸ʮڷܣΪܲﵽңԸЩŵĵӣ㹻ˡ
ͭ˿֣Ҳ׷׳Ȼˣƺأ׼˵Ĵ㣬ǿɲҶһ
Ҷ߰ˣĽݵҲ˳֣ԸЩŵӣʱ䣬ȫնɱѪȾμҴ֮⡣
ǿ쿴μҷʲôˣΪ˵նɱμҵӡ
μٽ֣ߵսܿ˲˵ע⣬׷׿˹μŵ˱˳׵նɱ
ʹõһͰ룬ɵնɱһˣնɱһˣĽݵնɱһˣʣһ˱նɱ
ûͣҶμȥμ棬֮Ѿ֪ǿǼ塣
ҶֱӿμǰԺǰΪǰˣǽΧһŭĿӣɱڡ
ͭЩţϾһ̣ûףƾǰˣܴμȫǿʼùġ
Ľݵԭ㣬Ȼû컹ֱѰ·
һˣμҴӣãһ۾ϳĽݵ˿ˣһŨҵĻ𻨣ɱ˲䶼ȼˡ
ã콻ˣȻݹǲ
ĽݵĺȵȻûףϲμңҲҪ汳ġ

ĽݵҪˣôЦЩҲ׷׸ŴЦƾǰ˸ˣ͸ҴμңֱѰ·
Ц𣿡
Ҷһֱû˵ħҶĻԽԽ٣óĬ
ܺãһֱǣȻˣ춼°ɣ
ͻȻһɱϱһ֣ϰ˽סҶˣʱ׼֡
ɱһˣҽʮҺɱͲ󣡡
ҶĮĳ˵ɱһˣȻʮҺ˵һʺܷĽˣɱʮˣǽһٽ൱ڼǧԪԪ
ͭ˺ȻҲ̼ˣֲɵӣȵųȥ˵ԥ֮С
Ҷ㽫ǵ۵ףҲ˵ϿʼЦ˵һҶ㲻⵱նɱ
ɱǣ
ŭˣҶ㾹Ȼҵ棬ɱԼˣΪǳ裬ɢŨɱ⣬޲ǵ˳նɱ
ݲðԥˣǲ֣ͻᱻμҵɱ׷׾ʼ
˶Ըˣʲô󣬶μЩʵͣζأҲв٣Ⱥ֮Уڲ
뵽˿ս֮Уֵ鷢ˣÿΣʱ򣬶ֶĪֲӱһϡ
ҿ֣ڰбǣҪˣ
һμҶ㣬ð͸ҶǳؾսʤأڵϢҲأ㲻˾ȫⲻ󣬰˼磬ܿͬйؼ֮
ͭҲܿ췢ˣƽһüʮ׷ɱÿΣܻĪȷҶˡ
ǲ⣬ҶγֵģʼգҶ㶼վԭأһ˿ƶĺۼ
Ȼû˺֮ǣ˷ĳ̶ʮʱ䣬һʬ壬˭Ҳ뵽ģ⵽׷ʲô顣
ΪμʮΧһˣȴܽԷɱֱ˼飬ϱƺˣ벻͸еĹؼ


1082 ɱħ
ҶȻվԭأû˿Ϊ˶ˣ޷̤Ҷ֮ڡ
ɱ¾ţʶԣһڣֱ˿һ壬ղŻٶˣ̶һյʱ䣬˶ٶˡ
ҲնɱʮˣҲ˵ˣҶŨҵɱҶϱƺѪֱȼˣѪӡ
㵽˭ΪҪμҳ֣
Ҷ㣬Ȼ֪ҶЩ˵ӡ
˭ҪҪμңץҵˣǶҪΪ޴Ϊۡ
Ҷǽ֮˵һ仰֮У͸Ųκ
ƾǼȻǲ˵˭Ҳ뿪
Ҳӣָһ㣬һ˳ȥ֪ͨϲȥˣ̶̼ʱ䣬μһЩεĶ׷״򿪣в߳յ˼źţһźţֻڼΣʱ򣬲ͷųȥ
ಣಣಣ
ӰзɳʮӰһɫؾϢǿЩ˲μĵƣ궼ڱչأһ㲻£Բ
öʲôˡ
˵μҵ裬Ҳõĸףűʬ壬ʵ
ǿμңһԲϣͿʼɱˣЩӶǱɱġ
ü򵥵Ľ˵һ顣
˭ǿμңĿŵɱˣ̫μҷ
֮УŨɱ⣬ЩȻͨˣҲμδϣ˼ˣôܲʹ
裬μ֮գѭһһμЩ˶ȱ£˶С壬ֵμˡ
űʬ壬ĽݵûôЩһֱ֮УڿԷйμҲн졣
ĽݵϿһۣ񶨸ҶϣȻǰҶϵϢΪޣܲŵһζ
λӣ֪μʲôԲ飬Ҫ˴ɱ¾˵
边Ȼŵϱ鿪ʼԼôˣȺϣ˿
֪
Ҷ¶аЦ֮УϷʣѪڲϵӣʼ뵽Ҷ꺣֮С
˵ͷȻҪ֪
ܼ򵥣Ϊμҵ˲õˣô򵥣ˣȻȥһ
˵棬ҶͻȻޱ䣬ǽˣڰҶҲῼǷŹһΡ
д㾹Ȼˣǣ
ŭԭΪҶĳ壬ߴҵĵӣҵСʵǶԷȻҪˣִС
ˣΣ
ҶǻǴаЦˣʶʱǾȫһֿ񱩵ɱҶǻ֮б
䣡
һըףһЩͼӳܲסҶ͵ɱ⣬ֱӱɱл꺣Ϊһͷʬ⣬ʼҴܡ
Ũɱ¾֮μҵ׷ʲô飡
֮ϣվܶˣۼμΧҿŨɱ⣬ɢ֮⣬ǡ
ǿ߶˹֮ϣżǿϢû¶档
Ȼ
ʯɴž֮ɫϤӰӡ
û뵽ϴηᵽڣҲ̶ʱ䣬Ȼɳ˵ز
ԶɽҲû뵽ƺǵ֮ǰ飬ڴֱ˼顣
񲻶ԣƺħ֣
ֱֱܽĿҶ㣬һЩŵˣЩˣһʶ㣬һ۾ͿҶħ
ѵʲôħ
ɻ֮ɫúõôħѵ˲ӣŵħ
ħ򵥣ȻǺɱħһ޷ѣԺһµɱ˻
ܽҡҡͷҲΪҶ㵣ģһܴɱħ֮߳ԺֻΪһͷԵɱ˻
ô죬ѵħȥһѸˣ֮УҲܸɱ¾ɱħ
ʯüɱħħ֮Уǿһ֣ЩħֻʧȥʶƽӹҶɱħʮֺ
ûа취Լܴ֮߳Ȼκ˶
ܽشſϧһţԼǰ̣ʵ̫ϧˡ
һҶ㳹Ϊɱħ϶᲻ϧһдҲҪ֮ɱҲ⣬ֻɱҶ㣬Լ˶ʼΪҶ㵣
һЩǸ֣׷ע⣬Ҷƺ̫İˣİĶʶ
ϾҶ㵽ƼҲСʱ䣬Ӵ̫ˣȻ𣬲֪˻֮٣ʱ仹̫ˡ
Щֻ֪֪ˡ
ҶˣԼҲ಻סˣɱ֡
󣬽Ǹȫɱ
ʮμҳϳˣһɫؾȻҪԸҶһˣμҵľɱ󣬾˾ҲѴ߳
Сģ
Ҷ㱻УĽݵŵ֮ɫʼΪҶ㵣
ǼɱҪͣɱˣ
ʮΧҶޱ飬ð˼ɱɱˣҶɱħʱҪ壬Ϊһ޴ħͷ
ˣ
濪ʼζʮμҳϣһ֣أܽϵҡΣʱ̮
һϴˣҶУҪһɱ
ɱ
ѳɣһȣʮһ֣Я֮ƣҶݺݵѹ˶۾ҶֵܲܵһεΧ
˰ҡҡͷҶȻǿ󣬵ʮأдļӳ֣Ѱ·Ϊᣬȥμԡ
̫ˣ
ʮ˵ƣҶվģȻܲһ˿ѹһһ˫ȭˣ֮ڣ󷨶Ҷûá
飡
Ҷȭͷܹĳ֣óһμҳϵǰһȭ£һֱըΪһѪˮԪ֮䶯ܿ챻Ҷɵ
˻
Ҷһȭһأ֮ϳһôܣһȭܴһˣ⻹ѵСǵɾ
ǷԲʮƼңһţԪңƻ֮еɾ֮⣬Ҳûеɳ֣Ҷ㿴ʮꡣ
Ȼ˺ڣܷϻͯǹǲģпԿ䣬Ҷû٣ʵʵĶʮꡣ
˭Ϊûһ˿һ
ǳһԴĿĶҶ㣬Ҫ֪˭
Ҷһȭ£ȻеμҳϣɸһĶˡ
һȭֲ̫ˣһҶ̤ǣٴʧԭأһǰȭͷҶûжԪս
䣡
һ򱬣һ⽴Ĳ̶һʱ䣬Ҷնɱؾ⳹׵߸˰˵֪׷ײԥμӳ֡


1083 
̶˲䣬Ҷһȭһؾڳ񾪾壬ȫ߸ǵ֪
һ֮󷨵Ŀ֮£ܴɱˣһԿֲôܣȴʵʵڷˡ
Ҷ֮ϣɱƺ۳ɺϱϢһÿһνŲ̤·ϣɱ¾ʱ޿̲ݡ
Ҷǿ󣬰һγ׷ˣʼɱ¾Ҷػ⣬޼ɵسײ̶̼ʱ䣬һʬ塣
֮Уڳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫﻹˣǵˣȻôɾնɱ峤ϡ
ø𾪵ŴͣμǣҲмˣ鷢һɨ塣
Ѫӿ޷ֹҶĽŲÿһ̤Ҷϵɱͻһ֣ɱħҲۣʴҶ飬ҪռΪС
ÿµɱħСӵѵӵɱ¾֮ģŵħ
ʯɸҶϵɱ⣬һ˿𾪵
μΣˣ
Զɽ̾ϢһʮϣڵҶ˵ѻʯǶ֡
飡
һȭҶμҳϣϸղˣҶѾնˣ⡣
ס֣ס֣
跢֣Ҷ˹ȥϣĪĴμҾȹǰһ٣Ҳ޷ԻͣҲᱻʳ
ס֣
ҶЦһ¶׵ݣϻ޺Цݣ˭Ҳ֪Ц棬˶ɱ⡣
ٴһΪһǣʣ¼ȥͻȺʼո
ʣɫ䣬ҶĶ֣ؾȻҶŵóԶȥ˴
ǿ
̫ǿˣ
Զ˷̾Ҷɱһƣ𾪡
֮⣡
Ҷͣһ޴Ĵ׳׵ֱ֣ӳûȥΪ޾ĵ׽˵壬ûڵ֮С
⣬Ȼ˵⣬ôܣ
һܽضһҶ˵⣬ôܣֻе˾Ŀʼ⣬ش׽٣Ϊ档
ʯҲһŵĶһѼЩţȻ֪󣬾Ҷϣһؾ˵⡣
䡭
Զһĺ¡ʣؾϣҶĻҷĽݵԼˣһ
ʲôʱǿˡ
Щţʱ䣬Ҷʵ˷츲صı仯
ҶʵԽǿҲԽˣνһپ٣һҶǿȻҲǡ
ŻΪҽϣˣվԭأȫʧ޷ʵ
ҪҶ㣬ȴҶʧˣֱնɱϣȫĮӡ
ŵһ£岻һ
컽棬ѣ
нһö򲻵ѣöԲ飬Ϊڱչأݴϣһϣ롣
Ϊ˼棬˼ɲˣնɱҶ㣬μҽҪ׻
Ȼ֮䣡
һɲϢˣμҺһΰӰˣžһ
˵ҶԸμң
һ䣬ΰӰֱ£վһɨűʬ壬Ƿϵ裬νһŭ⡣
ʲôˣ
νȿһ裬ڽҶ㣬һɿֲѹҶϯ
ģ
˾ѹð˲ǵҶߣһӣеʧΡ
棬Сӣɱμңֽɱ
ϲҶĶ֣ſߵν˵
νμҽһ˾棬˾Ҳа֮ˣһֱ޷ͻơ
һͻƣμҿ϶˲Ϊһӵе棬ݣһ
νĶҶ㣬ҪҶǳɨҶ㣬ȴܲҶһ˿ߣ·˾һ߱ʬ壬޸顣
ɱʮˣҶϵɱŨңƺΪʵһ㡣
Сӣ˭ΪҪμҡ
νûóȻ֣һ֮ɱʮأͷǳ򵥣ݲν⡣
˵ɱμҵˣҵˣϳΪҿǲ
Ҷź͸
μڴ˾Ӫܷ꣬
νŭԭΪԴ»С˲õˣЩ壬С
ȻôǴڼ꣬ڼз֮棬ܶʱӷԵòҪ
Ǿ
ҶͻȻˣܿռ˲֮ϣһƣ·ܵҶϵɱӰ졣
ܺãҲ˭ɱͼҵˣ춼
ν֪ˣֻлɱҶˣܻμҵΣ
˵꣬νɢһɿֲƣֱӳҶϯ˾ˡ
ð˲侾Ҷֵܲܵ˾Ĺһδ֪
˾˲𣬽ɱ¾֮ӵиɱ¾֮
Ҷɱ¾֮һɨ춼ɱ¾֮Ҷʵһɱ⣬ɱ
һֻƳҶݺݵ£νƵ˾ǣкܶ˼ɵĴڣμҰȻķչꡣ
˵һߣ
ƣҶһ֣ð˵棬սһನ׵Ľǻ
Сģ
Ҳûн飬ΪǿƣѾѹȵǿҪ̧ͷˣҶ㲻Ǿ뿪ҲҪҶһս
ľƣҶվԭأ޶ԡ
μ¡
ÿʼQ֣һҲ𽥷ֻҪ֣϶ܽһС
Ψ裬֮УȻŵ֮ɫΪҲҶǳ·ϣӵ޾ǱǵˣҲκβˡ
ЩμҵӣҲʼ׷źΪ͡
ǳ߿͸գܴԶľ롣
˾һƣҶ¶һߣɱ¾֮޷趯ɵпռ
ӡԽԽֱӸҶȫ巽Բףһڸǡ
Ҷվĵش޾Ŀ籩꣬ӡһ֮ϣѿҲܲסӡѹ
СӸʲôΪλ֣ѵӡֱ𣿡
ʯЩ⣬ȻҶʹϣܽҶڣţ֮Уָ
żǾ䣡
ܽƽϢƺôˣʱϣЩ˼鷢
ɣ
νһŭֱһӡͻȻΪһ޴ޣҶݺݵץ£һˣֻҪץסҲֻܻΪһࡣ
ԵҶ㣬µľƣɱ¾֮ŷ
ɱһ
һɨžһһѪȾ˲񷡭


1084 ״
֮ռһѿؿʼ٣޹⣬ֱӱĿĽ⣬̵˫ۡ
ǣ
ϳǵм䣬һ޴ѷ죬Ѫ˳ѷ֮ϣһƬѪꡣ
ҵƣ
νͻȻһһҽУһΪҶһն޷ܵǣƾȻ޷ϣС
ڿν֣һɼǵ˿ڳˣѪ޷ϣһʲôȻܻ˸
˾ֻҪ׻𣬻˲ָСС˿ڣ޷Σǡ
νƣ˿ڲǺܴȴѪעֹˣνС
ľڿٵţ˳ѪҺȥҶһʲôش˾
ɫȻѪ䣬ɫҰף岻һ
ڳûǳ֮Уһ˿֮ɫһ˿ɵС
⣬ǵ⣬ɱ¾֮
ܽЩľˣֻǲǵ⣬ɱ¾⣬ֱӻνĸ˿޷ϣΨе
̥ǹ̥
ʯҲľˣҶ̫ľȸ𾪣ӷһһչֳǷһ棬ϧ
뵽˴ʯɵһ̾ϢһϧҶ㾹ȻħܽһֻΪһͷʬ⡣
Сӣ㵽˭
νʹ˻޷Ѫֹͣ䣬Щμҵһž֮ɫҶ㣬һУ涼Կˡ
֪˵ɱǵˣ
ҶԽԽ䣬ܵѪĴ̼һν߹ȥÿһνоһ𣬷·һ֮ģ졣
裬׷ʲô飬ôǿ֮ˡ
νûóȻ֣ǳȵҪ֪ʲô顣
˿ˣΪҲЩμһֱȻչ󲿷鶼ԼùҲһͷˮ
ã˵˵׷ʲô顣
ŭ񣬿ԼĴӣǲĳҡ
Լһȣŵһ£һ
ףЩ˲ףͶμҳ֣һǰػģҿǴμҼҲ⡣
һ˵Ȼ˵ҶҰģҪıμҵĲҵ
ãµ㻹Ʊ磬μҳ࣬ǳ飬˵˵μҵС
Ľݵվ˳˻·ǰһĻĻͷվ۳޾ŭ⣬ѹԹޣһ̣ͷų
˵ĿˢˢľۼĽݵϣҪμЩ귢ʲô顣
ȻҶһҪվȽŸ϶кܶ˵飬һҶһֻ۱һֻۡ
ͺñȸţһûɱԽĹһ
֮ǰַһŮΪһСִԣһ֮󣬱μҳ塣
ĽݵѪᣬ֮ǰΪԼһ֮ԣ֮
ǰ죬ǿбңóҵҲӣڶ죬Ҵǳ
Ľݵ˵һһ鱻˳Ѿ˿ʼ飬ԭǻһңһҹ֮䣬ʧһɶԭǱμˡ
ȥ괺죬μںɽһСȫնɱʬ𼣣лкܶС
Ľݵ߿ÿһһ״μҵͷϡ
ҿܻʣΪԴ֣顣
Ľݵһܸ֮ϣݣΪ˷Դ֣˼嶼֮󣬶˵ͷ
ǿ϶֪ʵǿյģѾ˿˺üֻ꣬һȺ˾סڿ֮УΪһ·ʱ򣬿һãͱ˽ȫնɱжͯʮˣ˶ʮˣʮˣһŮʮˣȫȼɱ
˵˷׷ײĿų޵ãμҾȻ񹲷ߵ
ʱ䣬ĽݵΨһ飬ǵμҵĶУÿһ¼ڲᣬ˿̱¶ڹ컯֮¡
һû뵽ԼӣЩôЩ飬μȻЩԵûе񹲷ߵĵز
ǰ飬Ȼŭˣĳμ˵ϡ
ȥ죬ںӱߣǿнһŮУҾͲ˵ˣŮڻмû˼ഺ˫˫ţ֪ŮҪһСΪһʱУһͥ
Ľݵȥˮ첻ΪĻˣܻ֮á
ȥ궬죬óȥޣɽһСԵɣֱӴ֣ԭǿҴС㣬Ϊ⵽ҷ޼գ֮󣬴˴ңһСȫˣҴСΪ˱ȫֱ࣬Ծ
ÿһ˵õɫͲҰһ֣û뵽ԼЩ飬˼¼
죬԰Ϊһӣ԰ʱڵסߣνʾڣʬ
һ֮ǰΪһ޹ؽҪĻӣʮڷ
֮ǰڴǿŮǼ˳ֹüˣڻμ֮С
һ˵꣬ĽݵϵɱѾڸǲסǵ˵ϣμֶУһ̣һŵչ¶
Щμģܵμвģ˿̶ų޵񣬺޲μҾʹ˻
μʵǸŭԣǽ죬μ֮Ҿǰ
һļžμ˶ĬˣΪĽݵ˵ÿһ飬ǶˣҲȷʵ
裬Щй𣬻кܶҾͲһһμΪν񹲷ߣ죬μҳѪծӡ
Ľݵֱ裬Ȼһⲻ˼飬ؾغһǿƣơ
νɫ࣬Щһֱڱչأμ鲢֪û뵽һȻ
ɱμȺϹ
Ⱥ֮У˴һֵΧˣղĽݵһһ䣬ܴÿһ˵Ķ
ɱμȺϹ
ղһˣһȺˣ죬쳹ǡ
Ŵ˷ַμɫҰף˽Ŀ⿴ã˵ףס
ӣ㣬ΪôǿС
һƳȥֱӱķɣһѪϹͷ֪˶ٸ
λӣ鶼ɵģѾҴˣһŹ㼸λѣǷų㿴𣿡
ȻҶԭ£ܷŹμҡ
νȻûֹһ˿֮ɫʱ򣬾Ҫѧ졣
ȽǷų
Ҷ䣬һ˿飬ǸղĽݵһҶ΢΢ϱ黺һЩ


1085 ַ
Ҷ㷢˰֣˸Ͻɱ뿪ˣȥͷҶѡ
źȻɱμȺϹѾŭ޷ֹˡ
ַܵѡ˳Ĭνֻܵͷϴŭˣ϶̤ƽμҡ
յʱ䣬һˣãϻŴƬѪ⼸ûֻܶʣһ
ᣬἾ죡
Źͭˣһӽ˷סˣóƵĵҩˡ
ѾεˣҶɱŨ˵һԣɨμңŨɱ⣬ѹƵĲ˴
ʱ䣬ѣЩţȻ뿪˴ΣϤӰӡ
ˣǹˣӽǾȳˡ
ٵĽ򵥵˵һ飬Ȼأʶѡ
ӣȾȵˣǧ˱ڴˣܶŮÿ춼Ҫ⵽μ衣
ͻȻڵأҶͷһĻΪ֮ݣȻ¡
ӣ˵û޺빫ӣЩ޹˶ȳ
ỹл죬Ἶһڵأ˿ڱҲҪ£ҶЩڵµˡ
ŮǿҵŮ
һ̣μҴ⣬һȺˣʼҪμҷǵļˣˡ
գۼĹԽԽ࣬ǧ˿ʼծҪμҷˡ
趼ͷƤ飬û뵽μҵλǧˣ󲿷ֶŮμҵ裬һЩμҵˣ
ҴӿԽԽ֪࣬Щ꣬μ°˶ˣΪǵĽΪйߵĽ
ϲ˶ˣһŭɢ
ಣ
һӰͻȻ£һɱ⣬ֱ衣
˾ȻǳĽݵһ˵ϼ˵Ŀ´ʣдӿˣֻҪˣᱻŭ⡣
ಣ
ǼӰ£ֱͷˣֱǸ峤μ޼
裬μҾȻ񹲷ߵҲ֮ˣԾɣ
Ҽ˵ˣҲ˾ʵֻǱμһ
ûԾɣ
Щ˿ʼƣȻҪμȫԾõĽ֣ҲƽϢҵŭ
ǻƽȮۣƽʱһòȻǰ˶£
Щ˵跢һҽУǽƣЩ˿ŹϷμҲҵ⣬ô˽μ塣
µ㻹Ʊ磬μÿһ飬޲磬񹲷ߡ
׼Ҽ˵ˣַĿǡ
ԾԾ
ŭ𣬲ǿֵģǰҪԼ˵ģһ𺰳˿ںţϣμл
Ҷɨһۣ龹Ȼݱ䵽ֵزƴ˿̲֣μҲᱻЩ
дʲôҲҪ汳ġ
νɫޱϵ˿ڻδϣѪٶȼˣΪұ۵ѨλѪ
ٴѹЩͨĵӣսս֪ĩյһǷϵڵϡ
νȻ㲻֪ôҾͲˣ
ǳˣһƳνȥ׷׳֣軹Щͨӡ
ʱ䣡
ҽÿһ䣬μҵǵ̶̼ʱ䣬˼ˡ
ûǰμ֮ˣ˵ӣ׷׳ȥ˿ﻹʲôֻ
ϧǺһ飬μѱΧˮйͨҪ뿪μңͱΧֱնɱûһ˿԰Ȼ롣
żϵķϣνɫʼҪĳ֣ɱˡ
Ҷ㵹ǳˣվһԣһɱ¾Լǰݡ
Щ˵˼Ҷ㾡۵ףԼǳԼһţҪ£
˵ҲڱĹϷμҵĲҵ
μҲٲҵ鲼ǣμҵ£ǿԳûȡ沢
Ҳİ
跢һҽУ׼峤һϣֱնɱ
ڵϵãԼֱιȥˡ
һâ£׼նɱãͻȻ֮䣬һֱ֣ӽâ˾á
˭Ҳ׼
Ҷ˵˿˼Էݡ
ȿȣȻλӷˣҽĳ͸һ飡
ҼȻûýƿߵҶ¡
Ҷ㿴һĽݵ⡣
лӣ
ĽݵͲ¹ˣԸгˣ죬˾Ľ¡
Ҷ˵ͷĿУˣЩӻĲˣֻʣνڼ֣ǳ¡
һ֣νѹ
׼Ҽһȣһ֣ǳѹν
˼˹νʱ᧿ΣʧȥұۣսǼ֮һһǳ׽⣬ڼˣ·硣
ģ
νһƻУֱӵɳȥһѪǽͷ֮ϣҡҡ׹
ŲƵԺӣصʬ壬ν챯ŭһ
ǲú
ν˺ѷΣĻҵһ
صϿգþòɢ̫ĺ⣬ֱӻΪһҶ¡
ɲĺ⣬ΪϺˮһӡǣӡҶϣǲݣҶ㣬μҲ֮֡
ߣ
Ҷһ˹ֱʧҶʮ֮ڶˡ
֮һֻ
ν˵꣬һȻҪ룬뿪˵屻ֻҪڣԿ֦ɢҶܴһµļ塣
νΪһӰƺûзӦ
˾Ҫߣ׷ĺѣ֮ͬУ׷ϡ
νԽԽСܿһСڵ㣬ֳһƬš
дӡѹ
Ȼ֮䣡
Զ֮ϣһ޴ӡղνʩչӡӡȣֱСĿ߲һ
ӡǷԲֱӽνڣϢЪѭ
¡
Զռֱݣһ޾ĺڰռ䣬ǸطһƬռʧˣֻһڵĶڣǰ֮ң
ԶԶȥһ޴޾޿ڣɢ˿ɲϢ˲ӣڶ棬ʲô;ޡ
˴ž֮ɫڵĶڣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôΪοռͻȻݣղֻ޴ô¡
û˿Ҷ֣·һֻȵνһֱ̣Ӹֳ
Ҳİ
Ӻڶ֮УһҽνֲʣŭԶݳ
˼ʱ䣬ͻȻֹͣƺʧˡ
ڶϣһлָƽǴҵĲƽˣһſһҶ㡣
޴ƾ㲻ҶʩչģҲҶĪĹϵƾһƣͿɵɱ˾


1086 ɴ
μҳ׸ˣν
ǰһһУѾʷûʱĳ֮С
֮˱˳ǧˣΣȫãܶŮӣܳʱ䲻⣬ͻȻϲ
Щ֮Уеı˴ߣЩľګ뿪μңնйһģҲй˼µģľˣʧȥ˸顣
˳֮󣬾Ȼѡɱûлȥмʮˣѡ
һĻĻ˰Ĩᣬ˶鴴ˣԸѡɱν͵ҲԸϵĴݲС
һʱ䣬μߵĸɸɾֻм˻Ĵ
λӹգ
ҶʮǳȻʵ
֪ľͱʣ뿪ɣԺҵĵ̣
Ҷ͸һɲݿܵı飬ɱ֣ȻμˣɱħȴԽأƺҪʴҶĻ꺣
ǳԱˣ˶һ㶣ҶȻʵǿ󣬵ǻûеǵĴڡ
Ҫ⣬ǹӾԸ񣬻뼸λ뿪ɣ飬湫ллǳ֡
óʣܿҶԲ
ʵﶼЩ˲֣ƾҶЩˣҲԽμҳǲѡ
λǳԱˣҲǰѯʣֻҪȥ϶ܲҶ
ȻϷμңҶղ˵ˣĵ̣ڹȻϷ֣϶Ҷĵ⡣
˾һ˭ҲʱùͷҶɱԽԽŨƺײϵӡ
ʹ˸ǣ
˷׷ȥ֮ЩֵҲһһ뿪в֣ܶһֱԻĴ׷иפ
Ǽȥ޹ԱȫȥҪһ󣡡
ȥҶɱŻһЩ˵
ܿμұһգЩ˸Ůûɱֱμңûдɱ䡣
ܿμֻʣʮˣͭ˵ڻУЩԽܣһʱʱ䣬׵ĵ߸ǵ˼ά
ӣѾûˡ
𹧾ĳҶ˵һ䣬Ľݵ˿ͷڼĹأʹ飬ڴ󲿷鶼ǰڰš
ȥɣ
Ҷ˻֣Ƕȥ
Ȼ̫ĻҪ˵ȻҶ㷢ˣҲ˵ʲô׷뿪
״磬ӵôˣΪα⻹ǰĹ𣿡
õƣƺõĲˣ˲ҲԼߣʵ
ҲӾʲô飬ܴԴ䣬ǶҪ¼ˣֻҪڣͲǡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪҶͿˡ
Ҷ㿴һμңʼóʯϣʼ
ǰЩ˵ʵסμһҵΨһİ취ǲдػŸ
ǰϸȱԴղɱνϻȡԴ裬һ֮ƹ壬֪ӵжԴ
ЩԴ˲ϣһЩͨԴҶûˣֱӷֽ뵽֮С
Ҷӹ˼֣ԴսҲ׻ٻ
һ֮һ޴󷨳ˣμϿգǵˣҲƿ
Ҷ㾹Ȼһ󷨣ǵˣҲƿ󷨣һǿ󣬻⵽󷨹
ƾһ󷨣ҶԴμһȡԴһ󣬼ȻҪΪҶҽ㣬ҶͲġ
һ̣ǶӦˣϹŶ׷׳أǸܵһļµϢ峯μ򿴹
ȥ󷨣ϢŻʧϾÿһο󷨣ҪԴƼɽҲûҶɴǿ
μңȻһ£ǰĽȫˣưܵĽҲȫָͥҲˣȡ֮һҶ֡
˱ټǰĽݵʶ˱仯һĽɢ⿪ĽᣬȻͻƵ˾硣
ͨ
Ҷ㣬Ľݵֱӹڵء
ӣĴ£ĽݵģӽĽݵһ׷湫ӣжģú
ĽݵȻģһӸҶ㣬Ҷ㣬ĳҲܱһЩС
Ҷ˵ͷ
ӴԺµסַԺǸǵΪҲҪ£μһЩҵץʱ䣬£Ժչ֮á
Ҷ㳯ʮ˵
Ҷʲô˼
ҶҲҪͣҶҪչȥҪǨƵݣݣٽһ
ӣкܶҪҶң
ͭ˽һֱ棬֮󣬳Ҷʮֹ˵
ǣǲˣ
ҶֲǿɽڣҪټ̫ˣ̫˵ģҶûôԴھڶࡣ
ǣӣ
õҶ𸴣ͭ˳ȥǳȥظȥˡ
һЩҩʺҪʱ䣬أڹ̣ҲʣҪǽһ֮󣬴ﲻߣøңֱ뿪
ҶÿӳһöƿǸԵʣҶƶˡ
İɣһ߾ܣʵΪӿٽҰ
ѾŵҶҰģҪվȽŸҶһǲġ
ãҪ뿪һʱ䣬±ĽݸſʵУˣ֪ͨҡ
ҶҪ뿪ˣǿôˣڴ׵ûصƼңȴؾ
źһУҶ뿪ǣѾԭħҶ㡣
ħ飬Ҷִݣֻ֪֪ܶˣû뵽ȻƼ֮ˡ
ŵҶңĽݵʼ飬ҶȻ˵ߣû˵һЩˣԺ䣬Ӳݳ
ļ˼ʮѾ߸ˣƽʱʱֻǸɨʲôҲӴ
μҲҵ׷ױĽݸӹܣÿ춼дԴӿ룬ûжãĿ˵ҶˣҶ㴦
Ҷ֮ǰǴԴÿһƿҩ޼֮
һʱ֮Ҷ˺ѿռ䣬صƼңصԼĶƺ˱øˡ
Ҷ㣬ڻˣҵܾˣ
Ҷһ̣һӰֱסҶ㣬ŭ
˭
Ҷתӣվϵӣ֮УȻ͸һϢ
㣬ǲ˵ģ
ӵΪǿ洫ӵӰӡ
󲿷ʱ䣬洫ӶСٳڴҵ֮Уû뵽һˡ
棿
Ҷž޲ûκα鲨ƺ뵽ʲô
û棬ҵܵܣǸˡ
֮ϣɢŨɱ⣬ǰ벽˾Ѿ洫֮ã洫֮УҲŽǰʮ
Ƽң洫Ӳˣܼǰʮ츳֪ȻһĴڡ


1087 
ųϵӵѡ˳أۼҶ㶴ܣ򶼱Ӱǡ
ƼһЩϣ׷׳ˣûֹ洫ӣλø峤һǴϣֻȰͣ޷ֹ
ֱӻµûʱ䣡
Ҷüͷ΢壬Լϻкܶ౦ûü뵢̫ʱ䡣
ؾ֮Уʱ̳ΣգҶҪһʱ䣬Լʵ
ǲ֪˵ǰʱһħȡ˲Դҵܵܵ飬ҿԼ̣
濴һҶ㣬ȻҪҶ㽻ɱ¾֮ڽħõı
Ҷϻȡ˺ܶ౦Ҳʲôܣڼ壬Щӵ֪Ҷ֣û˸
洫ӲһʵҲغˡ
ǰļţͻƵ˾ز
ĿŵҪԼϱɱҶϱ
Ҳϵı
Ҷ¶һаЦɱ⣬͸һа죬һа
Ҫ㲻ӵЩʶȤǰ飬Ҿ͵ʲôҲûзֽύһ洫ӣֶΪ
ƺԶҶˣʮңԼһҶ㣬洫֪϶ҲǰҪҶ϶
ԼȵǣԽѹһգȵ֪Ѿˡ
䲻仹ֲģҪϵĶóıɣ
Ҷ㲻Ը˵ɱȻ
ֳ˲ŨŨɱɢһĿԣ𻨡
Զ뾲վһɽϣûпҶ㡣
ϴαҶˣѾ˼˸һΪҲ⼸£جΣϣҶ㣬ڵȵ˻ᡣ
ӵӶǴֻı飬ֻᣬŵ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪Ҷǿ󣬿洫ӣһֻѾ̤˾ʵǳǿ󣬾ʮӵһҲĶ֡
棬һ洫ӣֶԸӵӣǲЩ̫ˣ
ԶɹĵӰȻ׳壬ʯ쿣ҶʾˣǷ׷׶ӵӣ֪Ҷ洫أһʱ
ʦʦ㣬Ҷ΢΢ЩжǶ˶Ҫ˵Щʲôȴʲô˵
һȺȫˣҲãҾһǹŽ峹׻һʣ
ȻҲϵЩˣŽһȺƼ˲֪
˼ƣ׼֣˺Ҷ㡣
λʦ֣ҵ˽£ǵĺˣ˵һߡ
Ҷ㵭˵֮Уûʲô鲨棬ȫǰ꺣֮ĸء
ʦܣǼȻͬʦֵܣһ
׳˵˷׷׶ݣ֮ʦֵ֮Ⱦ
ƼȻһ壬Ƕܱ˴ղж˸εգ
ǹŽˣһپ٣ҲҪһ
û뵽Ǽ˼һ飬ǿЦ
ЦҶ뿪Цѡ
뿪
Ҷһ͸һ䣬ٲ뿪Ҷ㲻ɱǣסԼ
ʦܣ㡭
׳弸ЩԽܣҶôˣ˲飬ûһ˿Уײϣ⻹ǰЦֵҶ

ҶһһƳ˺£ֱӱɳȥһѪ
ɫ䣬ΪҶˣ׳˿ǸʦֵܣһദҲдʱ䣬ôͻȻ֣ɡ
űƷɵˣҶޱ鲨·һƽƽ飬͸Ҷˡ
ħˣСӿ϶ħˣײϣԼ׵˶֡
ΪҶ߻ħˣɥʧǡ
׳弸ɫҰףĨȥǵѪȻ
ˣǾһȺӣ֪Ҷ㲻飬ȥ
˵׳ǷӣûҶ㣬ûǽ죬Ҷ㱻ɱҲṶ͵
ҵ鲻Ҫǲ֣ڲҾͻɱǣ
˿Ҷٴδһӣ˱ɵĸԶҲء
ȿȡ
˴ڵѪ˷ȥƺˡ
ʦ֣Ҷʦܿ϶ʲô֮Ȼǲ룬Ǿɡ
̿һҶ㣬֮УҲ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ͻȻĲȷʵòԽܣҶִԼͬʦֵܣ׵ļˣò˿ʼɣ⻹ǰǸҶ
ûˣ˵ɣҪǴɱһ£
׳ˣҶĳ˵
ݣСˣҾͷһֱۣǱҵܵܵĳ𣡡
治òҶ㹻ݣЩݡ
Գ𡣡
ҶЩȵòͷɱγʵʣΪһ޴ɱħ̾Ҷ
ÿµɱ⣡
ҶγɵɱħЩӵӴž֮ɫ
üͷ΢壬ƺҲûм˿µɱ⣬һϣɢɱħֻɱſɡ
ѵҶɱˣ̤ʬɽѪŨɱ⡣
ֻüͷ΢΢һ£Ͼ洫ӣĶ࣬ᱻҶɱˡ
ȻȲҾͳȫ㣡
ֱӳ֣˿˼أߵģȴ޷ǿߣǿԼ̤򣬾ɱҶ㣬Ҳ׷ʲô
洫ӣһһӵӼ򵥣һ洫ӣҪ¸ԴÿһǼϣ
һǿâҶХ£洫ӣһ֣֮ƣɢҺ춯ҡ
˰գˣ򵥵һȭȴ޾ĴС
Ҷһ洫ҪԼĻҪǿһ֣СʲôĴڣȻܲһ˿⡣
洫ӣҾȡλã
ҶЦһȻȡλãҶڵľ磬ȫԽ洫ӣҶһֱæµûʱ䡣
Ļ棬ȡ֮
˾Ҷ㶼նɱüˣοһ벽˾
ܿµȭ⣬ҶһһöеıӣҲһȭռֱӱ򱬣֮չ¶
䣡
ȭȭײҲ壬֮ϣﵽ˴Բ׶Σһµ֮ɢ֮ͬУ޵С
ǰЩӣһγȥնɱһ˾֣ľǿԽս
һǿ˳֣һҶޱ飬ϳһƬ֮ɫ
ôǿ󣡡
ЩţԼǰ벽˾ҶҲسڣü硣
˾ֳڣڣڣķ٣Խ࣬ʵȻҲԽǿ
Ҳˣ˭ĵֱ࣬Ӱǵʵ
£
Ҷø£һҶ廯Ϊһй⣬۶޷壬Ҷôʧġ
飡
ȵҶֵʱһȭϣһƵ
꣡
ͷѵˡ


1088 洫
˭ҲҶγֵģٶƺԽ˹٣֮һɲǣҶǰһȭֱݡ
ǰ屻˳ȥűҶһȭһ󶴣ûѪ
ʱ޿̲ʴ꣬ҵʹϮȫһĲҽ
ÿٶȣǿСӲ򵥰
ԶƲ֮УһŻƼСڣʱȻҲۼ˼ˣ洫ӡ
ؾڼЩ洫ӷ׷׳أ׼ؾ֮С
ʦǲ̫߿ˣղźȻ͵Ϯ£ٶȿѡ
һ˵µ꣬һ֮ɫ
ȥ֪ˣ
ʦҲ⣬Це񣬿ӵ¼ǧҲܿһ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㰡
淢ŭĺУɢŨҵĻ棬Ҳ˻֮⡣
һֻѻ֣žֻֻԽԽ࣬һȺѻȺ
ʦֺȻ˻֮⣬Ļѻ̬ҶΣˡ
˴̾似ǧ˵⣬Ե֮Եֵ
洫֮УҲ¶ɵ֮ɫ洫֮УҲ˶Լĵ⡣
ѻҶޱ飬һ˿ľګ֮ɫ֮У޾ɱ⡣
ɱħԽԽң񱩵ӣҶѪδй˿Ҫ˺ǰˣʳ塣
ıˣ˫ɺ죬ɲɱҶѻγ˻򣬳ҶֱӰ
ѻڷɣ
ĵ⣬һ޴ĻѻҰҪҶһա
Ż潫ԼҶ޶ãϮò˴۾Ի֮⣬Ҷ㾹Ȼ˵ֵ
Ҷ㱻淢Ц
Сӣ㳢յζ
Ҷˣһˣ֮⣬˼䷲ܱ⣬¶Ҳǧϣߡ
Щ˲˻֮⣬ķ򣬸ޱȿֲﲻȼǿռ䣬ܱȼ
֪
֮У߳һӰҶ߳һЩ澹ȻʮȫҶ档
ҵĻ֮
ŭԼĻ֮ҶˣһȫӦ·𳹵׵ʧˡ
Щ֮ÿԸΪƷ
˻֮֮ҶоԼĻ֮Ӿˡ
һ״ò˴۾Ҷ㾹ȻɵƵĻ֮⣬֮գôܡ
С֮Умʮ˫ۿ󲿷ֶǴ֮ɫҲԻһУҶ嵭д
ʦ֣Сôֲ𣿡
ղ˵Щˡ
ⲻµģµڻûĳֹ
°ͣζ˵
֮ϣüͷ壬ȻԼĶǿˣһ˲ΪҶƺɥʧ飬˿ײϡ
ղһ׳弸ˣγһƻţ첻⼸ʦ֣Ҳһ죬ס
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ÿһҶƾһ֣ղŻѹҶ㣬żʱ䣬ֱת
һ޴ɽͷ֮ϣЩ

治ڵȥղſһҶ۾ʧأ·𿴵һҰޣſʱܽɽȥ
һ޴֣ҪҶԭأҲһֵ壬طһݱĴǴ
СǴ֮УǧһִɾҲ
С治򵥣Ȼ֮⣬ʵп֮ɾ͵֮
ϧҶ㣬ҶҲȥһжˡ
סҶ㣬һ˺ѣҶһΣǰ
ǣ
ףҶסĲӣеһ̣ȫʧػָʧ
洫ӣ̫ʧˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ֮УƺЩįֹ¸߲ʤĸо
ǳɫ˵һ仰洫ӣλ߸ϣȻҶһȫʹһ˿
Զ룬ŵûһ£һƨ˵ϣԭΪ԰Լͷû뵽Ҷһлܡ
ͻȻʹ沱Ӹ¸죬߷һĲҽ
Ҷ㣬ˣҪɱң
裬澹ȻˣҶŹ͵Ȼָ߶ȣ˭Ը
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ҶɿĲӣġ
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ܴһҶ㾹ȻҪ洫ӹ£ģˣԺҲûˡ
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ҶҧرأһֱӴ͸壬һ¡
ģŹһ·
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ǰļҡҡͷҪֹѾˡ

̾ϢһˣȻԺҲһ
Ҫ־ʧȥ־һʬ⣬ɥʧ꣬ʧȥϡ
ɨˣ
ҶЩɨˣû뵽ĹˣΪԻɱԷȻԷˣҶҲڼ֡
⣬ӣݲ洫ӣҾͷ洫ݡ
ҶһץһöƴϷ˳ҶУʶǿɨӡĨ

ͻȻʹĴʶشҶͨӡǣ˺Ļ꺣ɱҪܣһӶҪܻ꺣֮ʹ
ĨԷӡ֮Ҷ㽫Լʶ棬ȡ˶Էλá
λϣǲôɣڵȫȡλá
Ҷ㿴һ۴ϼˣЦе˵
ȿȡ
ЩΣȻ֪˵ʲôãҶǿȻˣһ洫ӣҲƼһһģǳƽˡ
Ҷ㣬ʵǶˣȻгΪ洫ӵʸ񣬼ȻѾõƣҾͲΪ㵥䷢һöԺԽС
Ϻܿ췴ӦҶҪ룬ˣʸΪ洫ӡ
ҶǿȥӵӡǣռΪУΪ洫ӣҲһ
ǾͶлˡ
ҶȻŸлϺ޸л֮ɫ·˾һŲıɽ


1089 С
һУҶ·ʲôҲûзһ˿Щ𾪵
Ҷ㣬㲻úģϵҵĻ꺣
ͻȻվһӣҶ˹ȥ꺣һΪҲһˡ

Ҷŭһ֣ףȵϼ˷ӦʱһΪȻҶɱˡ
ͻһĻһֲҶɱ棬˸ɾ䣬Ѵ֮һܼ򵥵һ˺塣
ʮΣɱ洫ӣⴥƼ棬ڲֹ㽻֣Ҳ
첻ˣ洫飬Ϊˡ
ʱҶƼҿ϶һʧҶʵĿãϣΪ˾ߡ
ؾڼҶһؾ֮УһЩƬƼ
ƽϢеŭԺ˭ѭ
ǲǺΪѣɱ洫ӣ棡
Ҷ㿴Ŵϣһ۾Ϳ롣
Ҷ㣬Ȼ֪Ҫ֪ʷ
̾ϢһǿҶ㣬ȻϣҶƫĳ˵
ǿˣ
ҶһӣĴָɳһö¼˺ܶ顣
д澹ȻһţıǺüӵӡ
¼֮󣬴ɫ䡣
ڻ׷ɱ𣿡
ҶЦղŶ꺣ȻҲеļ俴Ȼ֪һģҶ벻һŻйᣬɱƼҵӡ
Ҷ㣬齻ǴڿȥСȥˣƾƣɳС磡
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ǵӾ͸ˣ
Ҷûͣ˿С򿪣Ҷѿ廯ΪһǣֱӳСڴ
ҶǰվСڴ˷׷ÿ˴żɵ֮ɫ
ҶкûֱӽС֮УŨһƬɾ
Ҷ룬Сڻϣʧؼ䣬ֻ洫ӣҵڡ
ڶӶףҶɱ棬徹ȻŲˣӵӿʼɡ
ϹһϢ֮󣬴ҶĬˣ湴ˣкͬţӦҶֻŻѣӦй
¼һϢ֤ȷ䣬ݲɣҶɱ飬ûἰҶ֣ƼÿһС
Ž֮ϣ׳ɬҶǿȻˣҶƺԽԽԶˡ
̤С磬ƣ컯֮ǳŨдĽ֮ѵ壬Ҫʮ
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Ҷоÿһϸ򿪣ʼ̰컯֮Լġ
ϲҶֳΪ洫ӣ
ӰҶ߹ʮֿС洫ӡ
Ҷ㿴һۼˣ˵һ䣺ˣ
ʱ䣬ҶоԼ֫巢ԪӾӨ֮ɫɫչҶ䣬˱ޱ䡣
ǶԻǴҶԽԽоһ֮У޷԰Ρ
ΪɱˣҶɷɱˣ϶ᱻɱһѵ⡣
־ԽǿħҲԽǿศɣ־ᶨҲԶҲħ
Ҷ֣ҽգλƽڣ
洫ǰʮֿĸҶк洫ӷ׷ײĿһҶ㣬Ҷк֮˶˹ע
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ƽЩʹ죬ϺܲȻǱϾƵ洫ӣҶԼڻһӣȻЩ
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ձҲЩȻǺָܿԹһţûԼԸ
ȻҶҲ洫ӣΪʦ֣ʹȥѡһ֮ء
ٲȻԼ˶ҪҶȥ
Ǿʦˣ
ҶԻһЩӲġ
СˮǰһƬǶģϰ󲿷ʱ䣬洫Ӷ
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ΪͬС磬࣬ϸϸ֣ܿһЩߣСĵĸɢ컯֮ҪΧŨܶࡣ
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ҶıһȭҵһһԾ֮Уƣ渡һƣ˾޷
վ֮ϣҶʶһɨǳ֮㣬ÿһ㶼ǧƽСķʮּ̣ƺӳֹ
һʺ֮ϣȡСӦһ޴Уʱ֮ϵ컯֮
ڶʺﲼһ޴󣬵˺ڣһҪ棬Ԫᴿҩɷֱ֣ڵ
ѶҪȻϼʮһ˺ڵڶҶԼӿԪԪֱӽǬ˳ԪԪˡ
ʺ似ĴǽڶǸ죬ʮּӲҶȫʩչһֻһӡ޷˺ǽڡ
Ĳʺ꣬Ĳ㾭⴦ѹ漸ٱر꣬һ֮ǿѹȸУҶ˳ȥ
Ǳչ֮أ֮ƮܣһЩ컯֮뵽֮С
ÿƼҶᷢŴԴάӵڼ巢ŵԴҶ֮١
һʺԼڶԼӴ󣬿巢ŵЩ졣
ҺȱԴ԰ĵ£һ£ؾӣݣʮ֣ЩŽ׷׳֡
ҶʱҪƣǷڵһ㣬Լ֮С
һڻҶһ˳뵽档
Ľ׻С׶˵Ĳ㣬ҶҪǵ֮
Ĳ㣬Ľ׾ͷĲҽУҪ飬ϧҶ޶ԣûκθ顣
СףʮʵſڵĲ
ϥ£Ҷ㽫ԴһçڵαһﱻҶ뵽֮С
һ컯֮ΪҺ壬뵽ŸҶ㾳ܿɶʼڷչ
ʱһȥҶҲƽϢȥҲޱȼžһЩŷ׷׻ع顣
֮ҶɹڣҺһǧ̫îһ
ľ糹ȹڣһͻƵڣ֪ҪԴҶ붼ͷۡ


1090 ư˱
ʱ䣬糹ȹҶ˫ۣһâ֮ϱȥ
ͻƣҲ浽ڣԪǿÿһ֮
ں׻ȡĴԴҶһңûʱۣҶ˱һǿѹ֮ˡ
ڸ֮лصķҶͻȻǺֺܷܿꡣ
ַ뵽ҶԺ֮УҶоħʼ·ڣҶܣֱӷ˰˱
붦Ҷ㾹Ȼ˱ΪԼĵڶһʥĲʣ˼ʮ۲
붦
붦Ҳһȱ飬Զֻʣ²ϣҶ֮뵽˱֮С
붦Ĳϣ޸˱ĵطϣгһգܽ˱ָĴڡ
һ˿˿ħ汻ʼ붦Ӵ붦ʱ򣬷붦ðһڵ
ħҶʼȡ붦ĲʣһЩɫʣΪˮ˳Ҷָһ㣬Щʽ˱֮С
Ÿ֮Уľ壬ЩԴ֮ͨԪʮ
ԪҶҹ˿֪ƣԪϺˮӿ뵽˱֮С
붦ʧҶڷֽ˴ϣٻӮ˼öصϣǺǿʯֻŻ֡
ʯ亣ףͻᱻõڱҶ㣬ȫ˱
Ľˣڰ˱֮ϣ·ЩǷƣһֱڰ˱֮УҶҪľ޸
ķ붦ϰټҶֻ޸ָ״Сһ򣬾޸ضԶ
ָ״СһطҲɢɲϢ˱ƯҶǰһŴ󣬺ܿһӴС
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ʶһɨζԵľҶһЦ
ʮʱ䣬ƽСͱˣϵ׷ʲô顣
Сʱˣδ飬Ҷʮʱ䣬СζѵϻбСǿı
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˵ļõ˲ٱǹһЩҶʦóһЩԺʦֶ˫
ƽ·˵һƽһʮִ󷽵ҶҪ˹ûʡ
Ҳأ
ҶҲ˫ֱأһνӣɫ˲ѿ
ԭΪҶ趫Է϶ԹԵóһ½洫ӣõ㶫ТһǰСһֱڵĹء
ЩÿһµҪԷʵʵóҶǵһܾϻųЦ֮ɫ
ɲ㣡
ɫڱˣ˲ȻҶ㲻ʶȤֱӴҶȡ
ǰԵҪϵĶûð
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ҵߺֱܿһˣչһǾޱˣ洫ӵһˣһֻѾ̤˵ɾҪ˾֪ǿ١


1091 Ƕ
ʮĿˢˢľۼǰһϣСģ̣ƣһѵء
ĽƻȥһӰӳˣϼĳȹٲ㷢׵ļ˼ӣʳ̻
ǾޱʦҪǰƯˣ
˳ˣǾޱˮ̲ס⻹洫
ҶƳһۣûʲôǾޱҶʶļŮһΪҲкܴĹϵԽߣԽáܴܰﵽָ߶ȣʲǾޱ
ϧҶ޸飬ܶԷ˭ֻһ˶ѡ
޵ĿһǾޱ᲻ԾĶһ£Ŀˮȥˣֵôֱӡ
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ϲǾޱʦأ
˿ʼǰףأǾޱʦ洫֮УһֻƽܿԱȼ磬ƽܻڱչأҲˡ
ǾޱŲƣӸ֮ûʲôʣߵСһ֣ƺڳ˼
֮ܳһЩҪ洫ӾȻ޷߽Ǿޱʮ֮ڣһεĽų⡣
ЩҪĵ洫ӣֻεȥҡҡͷ䲻Ǿޱʦ㡣
ǱˣƽʦֿǷˣƼңֻһ˲ʸǾޱʦ㡣
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ֻҶɫ䣬˺Ȼ£֮ϣĳʢϼһץһ˾ȻҶץ
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Ȼֻһ仰ȴò˶ĤʹԴ޷ָǡ
ͻƵڣҶʵֹһ˵ʮ˾һȭܴ򱬡

ƥҶ֮ϣһǿ⣬ɫһݣɱȻһȭһ˺ɨȥ
޵Уһз̫죬˲˼飬գ۵ʱ䶼ûС
飡
ڶ˱ɳȥɺѪȾСգߵķݣݺݵˤһʯϣһصѪҺ
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һ˱Ҷ㶪˳ȥڵأ֪ȫͷѡ
һܣҶץסұۣʹһŤ첲Ҷš黨״Ѫ䡣

һĲҽ֣첲ҶšҲ̶ã棬֨֨
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ôôֲ
Զһ洫ӣļµ岻Ķһ£Ҷֶ
ڵˣϵĳ鴤ţʹĻΣɫ԰ףứֱǳ˺ü֮꣬ࡣ
ʹ࣬ϵʹģ洫ӣһܣ޷ܡ
Ҷ㣬ôĵӣȻִ洫ӣõ
һȻ˵Ҷִ洫ӣռҹ棬ӦƼҡ
ܲ޳һ㣬Ʋ㣡
ҶЦһ˵ɫһһЩﻢ¡
ղҶ֮ƣ˲ԼˣﷺˣЩԽܡ
ܺã㾹Ȼ棬ȻˣҾͲˣȥ
û·˿мʮ˻ߣ϶ɨء
ԶЩˣһֻı飬ܶ˶ǰңҺûóȻͷ
ǾޱһĿҶϴһۣƺЩ⣬Ҷʮ裬Ȼûκӡ
ˣҲ赲ҷ㣡
˵ƼңˣҶҲ޽ɣһСС赲ԼȡԼϵıֱд
㡭㡭
ľҶ£ɫŤһϢ֣˾Ҳŵȣڶһࡣ
ʲô㣬һʦֵĸУ
ҶһһɳǺɢС˲併ͣŨɱ⡣
һ׹ߣľȻһɲǺ£ղҶһħ׵˺벽˾ӣŨӰ
֮ǰҶ㣬ҪȡϵıȴϢΪѣǲǸߡ
Ҷ֣ҲԥϾƵ洫ӣܿԣ֮ҶʴŨƣɢɫϢ
⣬Ҫ
Ҷǿжȡϵĵ⣬־
ƾ㣬Ҳȡҵĵ⣡
ŭһӡҶݺ£Żƻĺ˥ľһַǳµ⾳
һݽȥֱӽֻصĻᶼûС
ƾң
Ҷ紩ֱӴƣǰһƺݺݵȥ
ž
һİҶһƸȷˣԶԶķһߡ
׻ȫǴһ㣬ȻҶһ⣬裬裬һѪ
岻˷Ҷٴǰһƣݺݵϣʱ䣬׵ĸͷƵá
벻ҪϵĶ
Ҷ˵꣬žһİƱˣȫ֪ʲô飬оջʹ
ղЩ洫ӻǿֵı飬ܿļ£һӣҶ㣬Щ¡
ÿһƶԾ˾ǿ󣬻һˣҲ˼
Ҷ㲻һÿһƶǺǷ֮žž죬һڿѪ
ſңſңҿ洫ӣ
ܵķУ˫֮ҪҶ
洫ӣ
˲𣿡
Ҷ˿ᣬ˫һȣֱ˹ȥ֮ϣˣڵϵֱӵزһװȥΪȣ˵ˡ
ҹɣ
ҶһߣҶһ߷ˣҶİ


1092 
һڵϣֱӵ䣬ؾȫ򶼱Ҷر
ħ濪ʼ֮ӿҶ˷֮⣬е⣬ɱ¾⣬⣬˼ʱ䣬ȫ
νʵһѭ⣬ϢԼɱ¾⣬ศɣõ֮Ҷоɱ¾ơ
һɨǱڰЩ˷׷زӣ˻ԼĸʼȥˣղһĻȷʵˡ
洫֮Уֻпǰ˲лҶˡ
ûϵļˣҶҲ߽֮Уʺϲ⣬ﲼôͻ֮ľȣԽȻ֮ȹ̾硣
ҵһʺĵطҶֱ£˿֪һĿһֱԼ
𣿡
Ҷһյʱ䣬ͻȻ˫ۣǰ濴ȥǾޱ˫ۻԼϣƺҪҶ㣬ôģϵķ򣬻֮
ҽǾޱʦôƺ
ǾޱҽܣʵýܣղѾ˵ֻ֣ǳڣʮֿĽһ顣
Ǻ𣿡
Ҷ򣬻ֱģħһֱ·һϵѭѭգҶ֮·
Ǿޱһ㶣ЩӦǵһôô˵ǲֻǲףѵǰӣûԼĲۣǾޱһζԼò˻ɡ
ָоֻһţ磬ܿΪ׷ϧն
ҲǾޱҶӸȤ۾֮ϣɢط·һ𣬿ģǾޱѾһֻ˵ɾ
ֻǺ棬һ֮Уƺûгʲôɫĵӣʦ֪ܲҲٶʣ
ǾޱЩ֪֮ȻҶ㲻˵Ҳȥǿջ˫ۣĸط
Ҷ˫ۣڸ򾳽磬ͻڲãҪúõĳһ
ʱһһ֮йȥв洫ӳС磬ҶǾޱ֮Уֻʮ֮ңһɴ˫ۣЩš
Ȼ˿Ǿޱʦߣⲻ˼鰡
˿ʼЩ꣬Ҫ׽Ǿޱϧ޷һ使޵õ壬Կȴժ
ֻҪ㿿϶ᱻѪ洫֮УǾޱʥŮһ߸ϣһ߸ߵ
ǰˣȻһֻۣǱĿò˳ˡ
ǸС˭ҸǾޱʦһѵ֪Ǿޱʦƽʦֵ𡣡
һ˵ҲǲųزãʶҶ㣬Ҳ֪Ҷ顣
̸ܵ뵽ҶȻҲǾޱĶƽ֣Ǿޱüͷ΢΢һ塣
صĵԽԽ࣬Ϊؾֻʮңҿʼ׼ˣؾ֮УƬһöܲд
ԣ滹д˵֮ǧϹʱģһãͿԲϹŴ
иֱʮ꿪һΣһ˵нɶţܻȡһݣԺˡ
ܵҶüͷ΢壬˫ۣ޷뿪
ʦܣ
ҶҪ뿪ǾޱҲվȻסҶ㡣
£
Ҷ֮У޸飬ĿǾޱ
ʦǲҲҪμؾ֮УԣǿԲԽ飬ؾ֮УҲܸõ
ǾޱȻҪҶУԶʮ˴۾
찡ذûɣǾޱʦͬ飡
˰첻ΪʲôǾޱʦûпҶ㲻ڣ洫ֻ֮ĩ
ȱżܾңؾ֮Уʱ̳ΣʵȻǿ󣬵Ƿݣǲ׺һңҲ˵ؾ֮аȫҪһ壬ļʴӡ
ҶԥӣǾޱ˵
Ҳף֮֮ΪҪѡңѵͲҳΪƿ
ҶζЦݣԼＸʮȻɱ˾벽ɾкܴѶȡ
˺ڣ°࣬ޱȾ޴󣬶һ֮
ҶҲյϢܶӣǿѹƾ磬һֱڰ벽ɾңΪ˽ؾ֮Уһȥͻƾ磬ɾ
ؾ֮Уһķ򣬴ﵽ˵ɾ޷룬ֻеɾ²ſԡ
㲻ҪԷƱӦʮ֮һǰֳǣȴؾ
Ǿޱ΢΢һЦһȭ˾ҶʵҲа벽ɾңԼҲûȫİջҶ㡣
ã
Ҷԥһ£ȻӦˣ洫֮УҶûʶˣȻǾޱԼҶһڱףԴӦˡ
ԼݣؾһЩ飬ǾޱϤܶһͼԼҲĪİ
Э֮Ҷص˸֮УŹһ˿һʱ䡣
ؾǰЩ죬һɱϢһɺƲʳˣ̾һ֮ϣγѪơ
ڽѪ㣡
֮У׻ɢɺɫϢɲ˲ģʮָ̬֮ܿУС
ħû뵽һὫѪɣҴؾ֮гҾšԴħԺ
˵ħѪʵѪʮаĲ˲ôܲޣһαҶնüԴȻ˵㣬ʵ˲˾ز̫ˡ
Ϲ壬һǿص壬ͳ򣬿֪ǵôǿѪһ֣а
Ҷ㣬һһһ̵ѪѪһڿڳȥˣˣӲΪʳ
һɺ촽֮УԶ֮ɫ
˵ҵĻøл㣬㣬ҲƶѪ㣬Ϊ˸л㣬һᱣһʶҹҹ㣬
׽ˣܣһɺɫһЩ⵽һǿѪѹơ
ɽ֮УħͻȻ˫ۣһ˿֣ղͻȻоȴ֪ʲô顣
׳ǲ֪ôˣһؾϣջ񡣡
ħ˵꣬˫ֲۣܿʧ
֮УҶͻȻ˫ۣΪղŸоü֮е֮ЩƽҪʲôǿУҪһ¡
ѵף
ۣ֮Ҳֻһˣ˸
ûȥ̫࣬Ҷ㻹ΪȻʮֻʤޡ
ת֮䣬洫ӻˣһƼңһҵ洫ӻǰؾ
Ҳвֱӷˣؾ֮Уʮһȥʮˣֻһ˻ųãûó簲ĵ
˵뷨ͬЩΪԴðһԡ


1093 ֳ
ʮ֮˴洫߳Լͬ顣
Ҷͳ֮ǰ׼һ棬ħȻҪռҶԪ񣬵ǱԲ䣬ڻ꺣֮Уһħ֮ܽ
Ĵؾ֮У
ԼĶӣ֮УŹذ֮ɫϴνҶ͸Լ컯ɹлȪˮ˳ٵɣڼĵλ˲ߡ
ƿʼסˣһٵɣ䷴ﶯϣǧɽųЩӣÿһ飬䡣

Ҷ㻰ֻ࣬ǵ˵ͷؾ֮ڱصãԼϿһؾ֮Կֻؾ֮Կл򿪽ɶ
СģһλţЩ׷׳֣֪ǿ󣬵ҪСģмǣųҪġ
ʱһӷ·˼֮ǰҶտʼ뿪Ҷң׸ĸеУҶһƺ뵽һЩʲô
ָоһţץָоһ߽ħϧ⾳̫׽ˣʲôҶҲ˵
ħһҶ꺣֮Уһʳܴ֮߳Ҷ綼ɥʧʶ
Ԫ棬һСҶ棬üͷ壬ƺ˼ã
Ԫ棬һҶ㣬ڵӣһħһ룬ղʳҶ㱾ꡣ
ÿ˶Ϊһ棬ֻǱ棬Ϊ֪Ҳڷŭʱħħһ壬ɥʧǣ嶯
֪ˣ
Ҷ㻹˵
ȥɣһСģ
Ҷģ·һӲ࣬޽ǳһ˿׷Ҷһ·ܵ˴
һеһУ·ǵӰڻطһҶƺصʮǰΪԼģͷҶͻȻһ¡

ħͻȻЦڻ꺣֮ͷųһаħ֮ҶѹȥҶѡ
Ҷ뿪ˣһˣɳƼңǾޱԼ˻ĵص㣬Ƽҡ
Ҷȥ̾Ϣһ
ҵĴңôɽӡ
ʮڣһɰӶãϧʱ䲻ܻͷˡ
ǾޱȵңΪβҳأҪ뿪
С֮УǾޱҪ뿪һסȥ·֮
ʦ֣ҪȥҪͬ𡣡
ǾޱƽƽܲڷУҲûкøУͨʦֵܹϵ
ȻֻЩģǰؾڼҵһ·ȻǶˣһǰֳǣȴؾ
ƽܿЦһ׷Ǿޱʱ䣬ԷһֱǲǣҲһȷĴ𸴣ƽ͸Ǿޱôġ
ѾԼͬˣ
Ǿޱ˵û
Ŷ˭ңҸӸȤˣȻһͬ飬Ҳһ˰ɡ
ƽʮȤ˵
߰ɣ
Ǿޱ֪Ҫƽܿ϶ˣҶһͬ飬ļҲӣǾޱҲþܾ
һ뿪С磬ȥ
Ҷվɽۣ֮ԣ˫ĿԶղĨ֮ȥ
飿飿ˣˣѣ֪
Ҷз˺ܶ˵ӰӣͻȻһҡһ£Ҫ׽еϵԴҶҲҲͷħԽԽʢɢڵ档
ಣ
ͻȻӰӴҶǰǾޱƽˡ
Ҷ˿ȥ
һ£λҶʦܣ
ǾޱҶܸƽܡ
λƽʦ֣
˴˵˵ͷǴкˡ
ʱ䲻ˣǾɣ
Ǿޱ˵ˣ˺ܿ뿪ʧɽ֮ϣ޾֮С
ؾɽɾɽ幰𣬵ʺ֣ڴ֮ʱ
˷ҹŸһ·̣һ·֮ͣͣƽܼ̽Ҷ㣬ϧҶ㻰٣ÿζǼӦƽܺܲ
Ǿޱڳֲ÷ҶյһϢƽϲǾޱ׼κ˲֡
Ů֮飬ҶûκȤĿģǽؾȡñ磬һŲܡ
һ·֮ϣƽҲڹעҶ㣬һ·֮ϣҶûôעǾޱ΢΢ģ֤Ҷ㻹֪֮
Ҷʦܣû뵽̶һʱ䣬ʹﵽ洫ӵز
ƽ̽ԵʵҪҶĵס
Եɺϣ
Ҷشֻĸ֣ղƽʻǾޱҲ˹Ҫ֪ҶĹȥ˭֪ҶĸֽһУԸἰԼ̫顣
ƽܱһЩڣ洫֮УԼǾޱ£ڼ壬ǵλߣӼһǹҶһӣƽЩų⡣
Ŀģǽؾƽֻûз׷ʡ
֮ڵִﺺֳǣһ޴ĳǳأмλãһޱȺΰĹЩǰŵӣڹ֮Ϣ໥
ǰǺֳˣǾŵ̬
Ǿޱ˵
ƽܵ˵ͷղϵİʧȡ֮һĨŨأΪƼҶӣݣǶֻһ¡
壬뺺ֳǣһŨŨ
֮УƺϹ֮·صԶʱڡ
Ҷʦܣܻ֪⺺ֳǲ򵥣һǻһɵѿߣγ˺ֳǵģ
ǾޱҶһãȻӣԽ͵

ҶװͿӣѾɣû뵽ɵ䵽ֳǣҶ벻ǣȻѿˡ
ûǻǰһ𣬻綯ңնϣΪ֦⣬ʧؼ䣬֮У⺺ֳǾһڡ
ǾޱͣҶʲôнĳɾ֪ͣʶ϶ǡ
ΪûпӰӣ
ҶʮҪʲôӣԼȡĶ֦ɣǿ֮⣬
¥֮У
Ǿޱָָǰ޴¥ݣʮŻңԼ磬׷Ҫռ
һս㲨һЭ飬ｨһЩһƹܣÿҶһƽ֣ŽƽϢһֱ
һöҶӣҲޱ󣬿ϧ꣬𽥿ήƺر仯йء
Щϧһ겻һ꣬꣬һҲöµҶӡ
Ǿޱ̾Ϣһ˭Ҳ֪Ϊγֿݽߵ
ʦãܻ֪溬ǣ֮Դľǣſ֦ɢҶ
ƽ̸ܴ֮Ų䡣
Ҳ˵ˣ걻䣬Ϊɢؼ䣬ǰ棬һ˿лС
Ǿޱϻֽ˹Ҷ걻䣬ɢؼ䣬Ķſԡ


1094 ·
˺ܿ¥֮У߸Ҷ˼ά
ﾹȻռУһƬС硣
ֱｨԼĽЩǰţҵԼ򣬷׷׵Ⱥؾ
¥мһ޴ĿյأѾ棬ϣԶõһЩ
¥֮Уһɨϰ˾ۼÿһϢޱǿ󣬼˽׷ײĿ
Ҳȥɣ
̤ҵһյأڷֳɵӣ
֮󣬲ָָ㣬ƺҲİƽܸ߰ͷ­Ƽܳĵ֮һݣ
ǾޱˣҶֱӱ˺ˣ˳еĴڡ
֮УһһǿߵִԵԽʮţң壬ħų֣УһЩĹŵǿߡ
˿̣Щ˻һãɢϢԽһЩʵС֮Ϣҡ
ƺĳ棬ղôгЩŷ׷ݸͬ򣬻Щǵж˿ͬһεѾǺˡ
Һؾδ򣬿Ѫɺˡ
ϾǵѣǵĿ궼һҪȡؾ֮дƬصĽɶ
һؾ֮УǰϵΣ˴˶ΪĶ֣ʱ򣬻Ϊһɱһ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ȥģ
Ҷһֱƽȥһ
㣡
ƽΰҶ㣬ԵǾޱһû뵽ҶἰֶΪ
ǾޱҲֹǰӦʲôһûȥǾһԡ
ȻǾޱò˲ٵĿ⣬ߣڨƽܳ˵Ŀˡ
ǿԪҵСˣת
ʱ˽С

С类£߽֮УĿ⣬ϲǾޱòٴһˡ
Ҷ뿪ãͻȻס壬̧ȥ۵ŮԪСԼЮֹ
СһɨһԴĿȻտɫƽһ죬Сʲôǿ󹦷ŵ˱仯
еĿ⣬СȻһЦʮȻҵһյأҲһԪһеĻʮˣʵ͡
ҶûͣȥԷԼҶҲ鷳һǲʶȤҲɱһʬɽѪ
С˵Ѿ˴ɼ䣬ʵˡ
˴ֺõŮ˭ȥ̸䣬Ͼﲻ˶Ƕŵӡ
µĲԪңСǰɵݣòϣϵõһЩָ㣬ǾĪҫˡ
û
Сشʮּ򵥡
С²ãٴһ䶯޻ҵδ̴Ϫˣ˵ħõһö֮󣬿˾һȹΪһֻѾ̤ɾ
ͷڣ̤ѥԵޱȳڣٷ磬ݣŮС
Ȼû޻̴Ϫ֣ŮվǰСǣҪȥ
֮󣬼ˣ׷״кܿɨƼߣֻƽܸǾޱˣ֮УЩʧ뿴Ǹ˲
ħˣ
һЦʮִ³һըףò˶Ĥʹһ߽֮Уǿɢ
ħڣǲô
˷һħóɱһаڣаݳ֣û뵽ҸȼȻûо
ħڣħ֮һнħڣȪʧħھħڣаţʧʷĳ֮С
ǽ죬ħڵ˳ˣѵħҲһֱϣֻǲΪ֪ˡ
ģˣ
һ֣һ䴫Ҷ˹ȥ
ѪħôҲˡ
ѪħսһֱǶ棬һξȻѪħˣʶġ
੣ֻ׼ǲμӣͲ׼ħڵ˲μؾڴҵģ˶ʸ񡣡
Ĵ󷽷һɨֱӵͷȻӣһʲô
ƽüͷ΢壬Ҳû뵽һؾȻ֮ţЩصң˳
ӿµħڣǵİɱһǶϣѣѪħʵ˿ڰ벽ɾ֮ͬУռݺܴơ
һȺаħѣлһ
̴ϪͻȻ˵ˣŵֳ˲ý
һ̴ֹϪǺ޻ҵδλߣȻ˼Էʲôݡ
Сӣӳʱ㻹û֪ôд𡣡
ĵ䣬Ũɱ֣һԲϾҪֵ˼
Цʲôʱ簴仮ˣ
̴ϪҲЦһ˿⣬һ˵ͣԹħ̴Ϫڴ
СӣҼסˣ
ȥ֮УɱȻŭҲŵؾ֮С
ʮţʿӶ࣬ħֻԼǰѪħҲǶһˣħڻûпħڣʧˡ
ҿû
֮⣬һȺ˽룬񵶳֣һŮȵʥŮǧ÷ѩɫǾޱ޼ϸȥǾޱʸӳڣѹ񵶸һͬ׷
񵶻Ǵ֣ʮĵĽǧ÷ѩ˽Ҳһ°֮ɫʱ䣬Ƕħȡı׷׽ʵ
ӷ𣡡
ڼ˽ãһţһʮҵĹͷ˽Ϲһ󴮷飬ǽµӡ
Ҷ㿴һʶˣ飬ֻʮ꣬û뵽ڱ˶ʮꡣ
ҶҲʮ꣬һκüȥˡ
ˣҶûжȤ棬ʮ֮ߵĻֻмʮƬҶӣ˻ƣƺҪлĸо
ΪҸо˻˰
Ҷüͷ壬ͻȻָӦڷ·ȡ
Сӣ칵ͨϡ޷ݽߣ棬϶ǲУ֮ܽգ֮УĴ棬ҲлɳΪһĻ
Ľ׸Ҷ㴫ȻҶԸˣĽײģʱ䣬Ľÿ첻ϵĸҶ㽲ȥ飬ϣҶܾĴħ߳


1095 žžžž
Ҷϥ£ʶ͸棬ʱͻȻһĽŲҶ㡣
ҹҿˣ
һֱҶǰΪܶռݣֻҶ߻ЩõλãһҶ£Ҳɲˡ
Ҷһ˿ŭ⣬̧ͷ߹˿˹ȥΪǣòһģһֵܡ
ħֵܣ
ϳ˵ݣԺ򣬲ݣ˿Ҳؾ֮С
ἰħܴ֮ǰˣͷݻ޳֮һײޱȣħΪʢĺݽɫ
ǺԴḻúܶ츳ֻ̫࣬ǲм̤½ĸ壬ֲ塣
̫ʱڣĵشǿߣܶ࣬ϲ̤㺣Ѱ׷ݵϹʱڣͳһλʥ֮Ϊˡ
ѰŽ񣬺ڣ̤㣬Ǳֹޣˣǳֲǰ˿̤磬Ժܿ챻֪
ҶҲħңңޱߣҪݻҪôĺ򴳳һʢԲ򵥡
ʶһɨʵǳһɫ˾ǿһһ£֮ͬУսʤ֡
ֵ֪ܣ¶֮ɫݴǿϿɣҲһֵ˽顣
ѣȿϵģҪȥΧ
Ҷ㵭˵
ܵҶ㵱ȻҲڶҶóŶûС
ˣֱԼȻΪԼʵ͵һڡ
ڳ֮ˣʵ͵Ķغ۷Բ˾ضǡ
󲿷ֶǰ벽ɾңϢǳǿᡣ
Ҷ˼ֵܲŴҶ֣̣ڻ
ƽʱǸ벻˴֮УѵõһλᣬʮţңңѰռƽЩŵӿԹջ֮
ƽܵѣղǸСӲǸһѵƼ֮ˣ
˳ƽʵƽܴݣ˲֪ʮʹﵽؾ䶯һʱ
ȷƼ֮ˣ½洫ӣĸʶһЩ·ţҲһֲĥԺ
ƽЦЦ˵ҶһȭνۼΪʵƽܲţÿԿҶ㵽ûд˵еôǿ
Ŷԭƽܵдˡ
ߵǵɵĵӣŷƽҲˡ
Ǳߵ̸󣬵ҶܴҶղƽܵĻҶŭֵվԼǰҶڲʱȥƽܼƽϡ
ƽܵ˼Ҷ֪һҪ̽ʵڶҶ㱻ֵܺݺʱȣԸˣƽܲƼҵһˣĿĶﵽˡ
ʱƽվֵܺݺݵĳһ٣ʦǰҲӣǰҲνһãԭأԹۡ
ǾޱüһأҪ˵ʲôȥ֪ҶʵԵôġ
ҶĸȥΧֵ¶׺֮ɫɽˮҶѹƶ¡
СӣˣȻ뿪ݹֵܼ
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ȰǻǸϽ뿪ҿԼ̣򣬺Ը
ҶƳһֵܣջĿ⣬׼̬Ȼ˿ûбֵӰ졣
˾ȣڻ˶׷˫ۣƵҶ㣬˵ŵĻЩš
ƾֳȵȣγǶֵһӣ
ƽܶһ㶣ҡҡͷЦѣֵһˣҶҲԷˣԼҲ˵־֮ܽɱ
ǳֻ֮ƫһżԶ໥̸Ĵ˿ȤҲ˴֡
СӣҵĻƨˣȻˣǾ˺壬㶪ȥ
Ҷ̬ȣֵܱŭˡ
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ҶһƽĮһҶͻȻ֣ͬһĨ磬ֱӿ˴֮ϣͬʱֱ̽ڴ⡣
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˶סˣһòİͨˣȻôǿƣֵܵĶ⡣
ղų֣Ϊأƺһ˿С
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豻ɨɳȥҲһĶ⣬һ̽ץסĵһİʮ㣬ֱӱɳȥɳΪ
˵һһ˭Ʒһǵڶγɶ֣ɾô򵥡
ʣµԭأһŭ𣺡Сӣˡ
ϣһɿɲϢʼƴˡŭֱӳɱҶǰ
ڤ粻飬Ҳȥֵܰɣ
⣬ҲҶɣǵȸɾֶΣ˫ֻôһľѡ
˭Ҳû뵽һ˵Ҷ㣬Ȼһز¶ĸ֣嵭д֮䣬ֵɡ
Ҫֵ֪ܳѾã⣬֮£ɵɨɣ֮У󲿷Ҳұ֤׵Ļʤ
⣬һ˿֮⣡
˵Ǿģ֮Уһǿս⣬ϢһǿĶסҶ㣬¶֮ɫ⣬ȷʵ
˲ðƼҳһõӡ
ŷĿЩȣƽ˵
Ϊʮ֮һĵɣĿȻһ۾ͿҶ㲻Բдһ˵
ƽǿɬԭΪҶᱻֵܺݺԼȣ˭֪

ŷ˵ƽܲ˵ʲôղ˵ҶᣬҪһЩĥ˭뵽ĸĶ⣬·ƽܵϡ
Сӣû뵽Ҳˣ̶֮еı㲻
һ쵶֣񵶳ˣһ۾ϳҶ㣬㵱նɱҶ㣬ȡ
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ἰƺʲô
Ҷ㣬ħȡǸˡ
ӻˣҶ֮ʹݣܶŶţֻǲʶˣǼˡ
ƾҲ䣡
ĵ⣬Ҷž޲ֱһһ׳ˣץ¡
꣡
ⱻҶֱ飬⳹ôɵˡ
СӣȻôǿ󣡡
˰ľһн¿һЩ˼顣


1096 
ɢŨҵս⣬Ҷ
Сɢɱ⣬Ҷ㣬һ裬ĿӡԺ֮У֮ȥ
ԸնɱҶ㣬֤ɾ
ҲǷ׷¶֮ɫҶ𣬷·һ磬ͻȻαݡ
ڳЩţһһһӡۻģԼʵԼš
Ҷ㣬ƾħ飬ϻȡΪ˹Ķ
ƽʦ֣Ƽҵ裬Ϊ洫ӵһˣѵֻվһԿ𣿡
Ҷܴ󣬴ÿһ䣬ƽܱҪúõĿҶ㵽кα£ͻȻһ𣬸о
ҽ񶼿ƽܣҶ˵ûƼҵӣΪ洫ӵһˣ裬㲻վȴʱ
񵶣дҶƼ֮˳֣ﻹûƽܣҶʦ¡
ƽԥǳˣһ֣϶°ѱң˿̻ţǴŵʱ
Ƽҵһŵӣһ֣֮ƣ˲佫ѹ
ҵǣܲƣǵսҲܽ¥£ܹԷطɱȡ
ܣĽǣܵսನǿ񱩵ɱ⣬пµľͳͳƸˡ
ƽܣҸ֮飬Ȱ㻹ǲҪԤöͷ
ƺҲɵƽܣϾ˶ǾţҪֳʤǳ֮ѣؾڼҪնɱҶ㣬ȡ
ЦƼҵ裬ΪƼҾǾڲɡ
ƽܴһӣɱζƼΪˡ
ʦ˵ûǾʲô˵ģҶƼ˲ʦֿ콫ˡ
Ҷƻ˵ղŻһһ֮ɫ˲任һӣò˶ˡ
Ǳߴս߻ȸ裬ô¡
ƽĲ³һѪԼ߸սһ൱Ҷ㾹Ȼ˵նɱ񵶣ⲻƽʮΪ
ңǾţƽȻ£նɱ˼Ҿţڿ϶ưոݣﻹвپڵš
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Ҷ㻶ȸӣƽ֪ԼмˣҶԸ񵶾һƫƫԼˮСӺļı
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ƽǿҶϵΪƽܼͣǵһǾޱЦѡ
ƽܱܺŸоԼϷŪˣˣһҶƼҵӣھͻתǹͷҶ֡
ΪħȡԼȴΪһƽҶ
ΪƼҶӣʲôʱ˵ͷʹùղԼԾܾΪͻȻӦ֣Ӧƴһܾˡ
ƽʮֲ⣬ףҲͣΪξʹӦ˳֣·Ӧ˳Ȼ
һпֻҶԼ֪ˣΪղŸ񵶽ֵʱҶĵʩչͫȱƽǣȻֻһɲ֮䣬㹻ˣƽֻҪӦԡ
ԽԽջƽܸоԼ˵Ѵ֣˿񵶣϶еڶ񵶣ǵĿĶһҪȡҶϵı
ƽаֻܽŭйϡ
ֻ̤˻ģǿԵϾǰ벽ɾ񵶲Ž˾ã߻Щࡣ
һƻֱҪ飬Ǭ˺ѡ
ҲʮֱҶ㲻ؾȫаսԷɱƽǰ벽ɾ񵶻Щ࣬Ҫƽܣܡ
һ£񵶽ڽںˣʱ·磬ƽѹŹƱѹȥ
֮£ֻƴɱеһˣһ㣬ĳƽܳ

ܿǿĵ⣬ƽҲһһö޴ӡǳˣݺݵĳѹȥ
䣡
ѣƽһƽƷɣֱӵɳȥ
˿֮ƽûм֣ĿһܣҶϣҶڸǾޱ죬˿ûпս·һһ
ŨɱƽɢҪҶ㳯޹ЦЦ
ʦֹȻǿ󣬲Щèܱ⣡
Ҷһñ˹ȥƽܸҪͱҶһ仰Σɫɫ
Щԭ׼ֵģֻͣס壬ƽڳ϶޷ҶôˣֻнؾȵǷֿ취ɱҶ㡣
Щ⣬Ҷ޶ãȻأ棬һûڸǰ
ʶһ뵽֮УҶ·뵽һƬ磬棬Ȼһǿգ·޾
Ҷʶ˲ʧУ֪ѰǣޱߣѰҲдһƾǣǴ롣
СӣͷŻľͿԽڽ֮գ֮УΪҲܳɳΪһҪΪǿ򱶡
Ľ׸Ҷ㴫ŵľΪӣҲܽ
Ҷ˵ͷԼڶԪɻɣһǣѿҲĳһ죬ٴιᴩ磬Ҷˣпͳ硣
һ˿˿Ҷɢ뵽嫵֮ϣʯ󺣣޷ÿһ䡣
ҶҲżʶƮڲռ䣬ε棬ɢǹ⣬ʮֺÿ
Щǲȱķ򣬿ϧѾƲ޷գɵķǾͺˣԲϹʱڵķ򣬶ԼĪİ
ȻҶüһ֮ͻȻȥһŰɫҺƯ֮ϣ䶯ľʧ
ǣ
Ҷ㾫һǹȻ뵽˳˯ΪԶʧȥ˾ݽߡ
Ũŵ˻ݣѷ޷ά
ݽߣǳ顣
Ҷ㲻ͬԽ뵽֮Уʱ޿̶Ϊڲ󷨼ӳ֡
Ҫһ㣬ҶбҲľǣѡ
Сӣ㲻ҪóȻȡһҪԼϿ㣬һȡʧܣǿգҲ޷׽
ԶɫĹΣĽ׸ҶѣȻ˯ʶڣҪõϿɲſԡ
֮£ҶֻüӿͷϢһĸ壬Լĺӣǣһ㿿£
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һ㳯ԼȷǱģһ;ͬϢ·ӿԼĸףҪȥһ


1097 
Ҷ֦ɣܴ󣬵ǾԲСٻҶõһɣ֦ܱ⡣
ɣҶ֮УΪǣ֧塣
޾ɢΧҶߣҪ
İɣҿ϶ָյĻԻͣص۷塣
Ҷ㴾յ˵ȻʶڣӦõҶ˵
ɫĹԥˣƺЩ£ˣ뽫գÿһοҪյʱ򣬾Ƕߣ޾֮УǵˣҲ޿κΡ
һγ֣ȫǱҶɢǾʶڣЩ¡
Ҫ£һҵһĸ壬ÿþ㣬󡣡
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ҶҪѰһĸ壬ǲһ£ƺЩڴҶʮ֮ңʱͣ
㿴ĸ壬Ӵľڶʱ֮ڣԼʶ
Ҷ˻꺣Уһھ޴ɳˣӴľʱ޿̵
Խǿ󣬽ľֿҶ㣬ศɡ
СʱҶ㽫֮շȵһҶÿͿ֮еľڷԼ
ͽзųߵ㣬Ҳ໥ãϢʱҶֻҪͿ֪
޴ɣŨľɫٴοһ֣ûд֧Ų˼ˡ
ɣɡ
Ҷ֣ͷųаЦݣһ¶һ˿˷֮ɫ
ڵֵסջҶ꺣֮Уֱ̾ᵽڲҶҲģץסһűľһա
˫ۣҶʶӻڲ˳һƬղ˷׷վ
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һƬƬҶ˷׷Χ۹ЩҲ⣬һ֮ɫ
ͻ˸ĵ棬һʱ֣鿴ΪͻȻݽߡ
ΪףҶʧˣ֪٣ƼҸطʼϢȥˡ
ڶ˲鿴һʲôҲֲʶڲʱɫ䣬ĿռһݣҲ˵ʧˡ
˭ǣ
ȨԺһ淢һȻЩٴ򣬵ǽɣǣҲ޷ڲߡ
ЩŵЩͷԣرЩûĵӣ¶һ޹֮ɫ
ղˣվ
ɵҲŭˣƽÿһʱ䣬һЩҶӣǸŶֵһöϹʱڵķ
ֻҶ֮Уķ򣬲ȻЩҲ֪һöҶӣǶô
ʧˣֱӿݽߣЩûгҶӣ棬ΪһԪʧˡ
ֳΪЩûĵ˵һԣղĵӣǱһѯʡ
ڵǰǰ벽ɾҲֻʵʵĻش𣬳ܲסɱһĿ⡣
һȥ񣬸ղֻжʮ̶ʮʱ䣬ͼˣϸûǵϢ
˭ղˣ
ȨԺһɨɨ
һˣҶ㣬ҿղʮֽ뿪ˡ
ȨԺһվ˳ղۿҶʮֽ뿪
Ҷ㣿˭Ͻҳ
һʼѰҶӰӣ֮УտյﻹҶӰ
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Ҷϻúܶ౦úܶﲻʱվָԳûһҶ÷
ǼȥƼ򣬽ҳ
һ֣ŵȥѰҶ㣬Ͻҹ
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Ǿޱվ˳ǰȥͻǳ棬ܺһЩ
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ƽܸǾޱ˺ܿ뿪ƼҽĴȥ󲿷ƼҵˣϢ
ƼҴȻҶˣҵһɾķ䣬Ŀ
Ҷʦܣ𣿡
ղѯˣҶͽ䣬Ǿޱʮֿʵ
ɣ
Ҷڷ֮е
Ǿޱƿţֱ˽ȥҶϥϣʮֲףҶ츳ܺˣΪλƴ
̶һֺܿȻЩŸҶȣЩˡ
Ҷ㣬ƽɫÿҲ˵վһԡ
Ҷʦܣ֮еĻʧˣ֪֪
Ǿޱ̽Եʵ
Ҷ̧ͷһãȻ֮ɫҡҡͷ
֮УһƬңЩ涼ˣϣղ˶ҪȥһҶʦȥ¿ʵ
ǾޱҶ㻹ʮֿ֮˰ݺ
ҶܿǾޱǺ⣬Ҷ㱻ݺԲȥһ¡
߰ɣ
Ҷʮʹ죬վӣǾޱƽ˳ȥ
˺֮ܿУһƬӣܶŵӷ׷׾ۼһ̸ʧ顣
ǣǿϹʱڵĶ˭ҪܵõǿԲϹʱڵķ²һЩҲĪİ
Ҫǣ溬дԴģ˭Ǹˡ
˻ˣȺԶÿʮ棬ĿˢˢľۼҶϣʼ鿴
Ƽüͷһ壬ҶãҲνϾƼҵӣǣƼҵӱôһ鿴Ƽںεء
ڶĿ⣬Ҷޱ飬ûһ˿鲨ϺȻĿ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
ͱսħ֮Уǵ棬Ҳ鵽һ˿ߡ
ʶ鿴˺ܶ飬ûǵϢѵԼʧˡ
𣿡
ҶЦһתҪ뿪
ȵȣ
һˣҶȵ뿪
棬֮һңһɱɱɢֱָҶ㡣
֪ǰк£
ԵɱһĿ⣬Ҷ㻹ǵݣûκѹ
ħΪ㣬ξأҰ䷢׷ɱû뵽ˣڡ
˵ħҶı©ڴǰһ޴裬ڣδ֣֪ؾ֮С
ѵ㲻˼ݣһõ棬Ҫһ֡
Ҷ˵ֳһӽ棬ǿǸ߸ϣÿţֻмܴﵽݣҲǷëǵĴڡ


1098 ڴ
˲ǾޱҲҶһѺƼ濴˹ȥ
Ƽüͷ΢壬ƺ˼ʲô
ֻҪɱ㣬ںʲôݣ
һҶ㿿ǿĵƣ˺죬ֳķ·𱻽Ҷ岻ܶˡ
ǵɾǿһͿȻҶ׵ɱ˾ڵɾǰ޻֮
һɻѹҶҪɱҶ죬õ棬Ҷˡ
䣡
ҶֱӱɳȥһѪ棬һҶش
Ҷʦܣû°ɣ
Ǿޱ˲סҶ㣬ƽҲ⣬վһ࣬Ȼ˹ϵôǹؼʱ̣ǶƼҵӣӦЭ
ڼ֮ڣСìܣǣ棬Ǵ壬ƽʮ
ҶмĿһˣĨȥǵѪ
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Сӣһɹ֮£ֻһЩشЩ򵥡
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Ҷ㲻صϣûֻܵһЩˣЩԽܡ
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ҶЦһɱ¾֮սҲ棬綼ᱻ̤ڽ¡
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ǾޱһüƼ棬һ긾ˣ˵
˼Ϊһӣ浽ֵֵãǾޱˣѣվǸˣƼҵ裬ΪƼ棬ֻվһԿ֡
ƱȰ㲻Ҫ£СǣӦɱ
üͷҲһ壬ƱҪɱҶ㻹ĺ鷳
ԳƼҵӣʲôʱֵˣƼҵ͵ǣν͡
治˵ҲˣһἰȻƱ֮ˡ
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ƱҪСӡ
ƱҶǰԳɫĿ£˶һٵɣսʮʮҹҲֲʤ
ϵձ׷Ȱ裬ϣ»Сǰ飬ҵǡ
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ɸƼһ磬վ˳ҪǵĶԹ
ߣСӱ
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ҵҪôɱ
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Ҷ㵹û֮ˣվһԣ໥סˡ
Ҹһʲô飬ҵ˵
޻ҵ˵ˣڳ֮ˣֻһǶٵɣλߣ˵ķء
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ԵɾвҶָͷǰ˻Σ˼ˣɾҲΪ̤ʯ
ʮȥѰˣҶǾޱƽ˻صסȺؾ
ʮһؾǰô죬һ죬˭Ҳֻ֪еȵɽ־ֲʺ磬ڴ֮ʱ
һ·޻ܿصסƽԼȥȥˣҶǾޱˡ
ҶʦܣǸûйϵ
ˣǾޱһĿĶҶ㣬Ҫ롣
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Ҷ̯̯֣ε˵ӣҶҲܸߣӽʮҪ֪Լǣý̻
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ǾޱҲȥصԼסؾ
ǾޱӰʧҶǻһߣԼ䡣
뷿֮Ҷһ䣬˱ޱһʱҪʡ
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ĨȥǵѪҶ˵
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֮ҶоȫָǰһЩûлָİ˶ȫԭ֮ˮȻ档
ΪֻΣҶҲÿ˶ãؾڼŻУϴҵ֪Լȡħڶ౦½ؾͻ⵽޾׷ɱ
Ҷʱ䣬ָ״̬
һ֮ǵ鲻֮û֪ȥˣ·һһ㡣
¥֮УԽԽ࣬ĺ˷ħ壬壬ȵȡ
ǧˣɣңɢޣħ֣յһڲϵӡ
һŮ֣ŵϢƺˣʣ澹ȻԽӴ
С㣬ǸСҲƱֹѾС㱨𡣡
Գź޺޵ɱҶ㣬Ʊһš
˵ҵģ˭Ҳ׼Ҳһ
ǵ棬Ҳ˼ɡ
ǣСɱ϶ֵһСأɹ洫УԺɾ͵ɣָտɴ
ԳĻشǵ档
ˣˣҰŸ䣡
ûм˵ȥҶĳҪԼȥ
ǣС㣬Ѿźˣ
˺ܿʧ
칬£̫һɣңɼңӼң𵺡׷ŵӽһһϢǿ󣬰벽ɾռ
Ҷ㿴ʶ˸˵Ǿ仰츳ܲǷŵݣǾǲ׺һ
Թ֮䣬ܻţȴָ
¡
濪ʼζ·һ޴
˶Ӵ֮߳ңɽһ޴Ĳʺˣɫھɽ֮ϡ
ؾڳ֣
˷ؾ֮УϹʱڲıرǴƬϽɶǰ
һ˻ڴ棬ž޴Ĳʺ磬ȡ
ҶҲ߳䣬ƽܻǾޱ˹
Ҳȥ
˳ȥҲһĻʺ֣ؾڴ򿪡
ȲҪżȻˣʱڣڽ룬пܱߡ
ȲƽܳҶǾޱ˵


1099 Ȼ֮
޴Ĳʺھɽ֮ϣ˿ʼĦȭƣ׼룬Ƚȥ϶ռһơ
ɽоڣÿһ޾Σʱռ쫷磬ǳűǵȥˣǳűУҲʮ
ƽüͷ΢壬һգҶǾޱ˵
ʦ˵ĲڣÿһһǳΣգҪС¡
ǾޱͣȻûнؾôЩ꣬ЩǰȥѲʲôܡ
Ҷֱۣ֮֮УִʱճѨ֣ÿһιһƬռ䣬ǳűռ쫷磬شʮֿ¡
ջۣ֮Ҷüͷ壬»δؾ֮УҪһСˡ
ʦòõģڣ϶ܱȫ
ƽظű֤Ŀǡ
ʱռ쫷磬ǳűһ˵Σ֮أǶǿ˵ʲôв
ǾޱһЦʵʵȻƽд˼ǾޱҲ˵ʲô
Ѿ˰Ͳס׷׷գɫʺɹȥѰеڡ

˷ȥʹһҽһʱֱ֣ӽɽȥ˽飬Ϊһࡣ
ͻЩҪȥͣ壬ʼԥˡ
һȺС
񵶴һͻȻѡһڣֱ˽ȥ˫̤֮һһεĿռǳű˳ؾ֮С
˳ɹЩֿʼͲסˣٴηɳȥһˣѡڣʼ롣

ֲҽ֣гɹ룬Ҳ˱ǳű飬ʮңȥʮˣͱ˺üˣòȴ
ˣӲȥˣ
˴ùģֱ뿪ؾˡ
ų򣡡
һ䣬ȻЩ˷·˼ѪһǷӿ룬Ͼؾ֮У޾ĻֻҪץסһ֣лʶݡ
һ˲䣡
·ţǧɫͷ׵Ķݹ⳯ɫʺɹȥΪɽޱȾ޴мʮ˷ȥһȺϣ뵽Ȼ֮С
ҲȥɣҪСģ
ƽ˵һ䣬漴˵ض֮ϣҵһڣܶ
УӰݹХƾˣ˸մҶӹϢңǿϢ
ƽѡھУ̫ƫǳűƽͣǾɱɾ
֮·ѣҪ춷ضҪԼҪֶĸʿпҡ
ǧľһ˶ִ˰봫˵еɾ·֪ôһ̤ϣͣЪֱ
ҪȥҪĲҪѪȷͲҵɱʤܿܣ
Ǿޱʦ㣬һؾѣôǰ𣿡
ȳһţ׷׽ؾ֮УҶЩ⣬ѵľΪѰҴ˵֮еĽɶ
ݣܶط̤㣬ӦҲҪؾ֮ðգʱܱǳűߵΣա
ҶǾޱЦЦƺϵҶдһʣ촽˿ıȽϽǾޱɢ顣
ֻΪ˴ƬȻ˶ţҪĹؼɶظ¶̷һΣ𻯳ɣһ졣
Ǿޱ͵⽣ɶϴοʱͳֹϧûܳɹȥһιƻٴοؾ֮Կ֣ɶǳ顣
ؾϹʱģķ򣬸粻һ֮Ҳµķ֣ĳĺô
ǾޱһһΪҶ͡
Ȼôܻ˶ǰֻΪһЩƬֵЩðգıɶ
ɶһؾ֮Уһ򣬺ħ崫֮أѹħ壬һ˭ҪǵõͿԲ컯֮
ƽ˵һܣ飬Ǿޱ֪飬ƽܾȻ֪
˾ȵı飬ƽܿЦһ
飬Ҳǳ֮ǰ֪һؾ֮˳֣ƺħ塣
ƽܽ͵
ħ壿
ҶǾޱƺû˵⻹ħ塣
֮Գ֮Ϊħ壬һֱҪǵأںܶǰһ綯ңħ屻ϳȥ̤Ƭ򡣡
ƽֻ֪ƬĶҲôϢˣǷʵ֤
˱߷ɱģܿؾڴŻҵĿռ䣬üͷǽ塣
ԶԶȥԶһƬããƺھƺ֮ϣƺ֮УƺǱһſǳɢǿĴųܽսȥ
ųһγɣͻγȥУп񱩵쫷磬ƺ֮ϷӿҪȫؾҲô򵥡
ҶǣƲ֮ϣ淭Х·һҵ磬ֻдƬ磬ܰȻĽؾ֮С
ǧǴƬ򣬻ǳűıСǰ

ͻȻһҽУҶǰһ˾ţһɨУֱӻΪҽʧĻ¶ȾȻ֮ߡ
ʱգЩǴȻ̫֮ʱڣЩ̧֮֮ܶ䣬飬ȻȻ档
ŴȻ֮ྐྵȻС޷ֿһ˿Ҷ㶼оһļ¡
ֵ֮ͨܵǼӱСģ
ŻΪҽ꣬ƽҲʼǰСĵĴ·
ಣ
ȲߴҴҷɹֱӳƺȻ˾ˣշ·ſһ޴ĺڶЩֱӸ˽ȥ
ʼѹЩ˵⽴ΪһѪˮա
һĻղŸˣһȻֹԼǰĽŲ
̫ɲˣ
Щ˼ֱѰ·Сǰ˵ء
̾ǵȲˣΪȽȥռȻ
һȺؾô׽ȥģÿ
һӰˣÿһ̤նΪ֮һΣֻܿ쳬Ҷ㣬ƺ֮Уʧ
ǽţһĺᣬţû뵽ҲˣѪǰʮʵǳǿ󡣡
ϳˣȻټĽţһᡣ
ղţҶ߹оһɻѪ֮ѹǿᣬϹʱڽţᡣ
䣬ţܿʧ㣬ؾԶˡ
ת˲䣬Ǽ˴ҴҶܿЩǳűؾ֮С
Ҷۣ֮ǳűϸĹһ飬ǶԼйɣֻҪֹɣܰȻĽؾ֮С
ƽǰ·ҶҲ˵ֻҪûΣվˣʲôʱȥ
ͻȻ
ҶüһоһΣڿ·ڰжǣָоһҶͷ֮ϣʱ̶ն
СģǰͨȽСһֻһ˹ȥǾޱʦȹȥҶϺ󡣡
ǰǳѹһֻһСڣһֻһ˽ȥ


1100 ɱ
ǰǳסȥ·ֻһСͨͨ࣬޾ΨСڲܶȹ
ǾޱҲˣͣס壬ǳʱ̶ڱ仯һڱˣڽ롣
Ҷɨ䣬Ҫ֪ɱӺδɢģ鿴һǳ档
˲ǳ棬һ򵱹Īȥһɱһ޷֡
֮ǾޱȹȥҶ㣬ƽܵ
ʦ֣ǰ棬ҵ󡣡
ҶɱƺҶҪС޾ʱ֮У˭ҪɱǱ
ƽܿһҶ㣬˵ͷУûоܾ˸ղǲţܿųһֱߣǾޱһԾǳз֮С
оһǿ˺֣֮㱻ǳűߣðȻĴ˹ȥ
ƽһΣҲз֮УҶΪּзϣϽȥҪһˡ
ִ̹ǵɱԽԽŨҶ㿴һƽܣƺûиоɱԼ
ͻȻ
һˣֱն£סҶ塣
ĿĽ׵ĳ֣һš
һɲǣҰ֮ڣȫǰããһƬסˣʲôҲһĵ׵ĲΣϢֱҶüģסĲӣҶ㼸ŵζ
һʶҶ㱾ܵһڴʱǳ籩ˣǰƽϾҪ籩ߡ
飡
ҶһƽܵƨϣֱӷǳűҶһȻ˻ǱȰ㣬ʱ̶Լ
͵Ϯ
˾Ȼǳ棬Ϊ͵ϮԼǡм䣬ֱûжܵĿռ䣬֣޿ɱܡ
󵨣
Ҷŭһ׼һƳݺݵ£һҺ
ģ
ǳĦҶȥ·ղСͨʧˣȴ֮ǳű
ģ㲻Ҫ
Ҷվԭأǳű˵
ղۣ֮Ҷ㿴һӰӣǳһǾģΪҪԼ֡
ܸʱ̶ڷ仯̶һ˲䣬Ҷ㲻֪ݺδҪѰˡ
ƽܴվоƨʹ
Ҷ㣬ʲô
ƽܴŭȻҶһţİ棬һʺ
ҶʦûйղƺҪɱǣҶʦܾһ
ղŵһĻǾޱƽܽ͵ûгƽܵ˼һŨ֮ɫ
ԭˣ˵ҶһѾǳűС
ƽܺܿܿռͻȻһ󲨶岻ܿƣҶͻȻһ߷ɣԭҶһ
Ǿޱû˵ǿ󷽣һڵסˣûҶӰӡ
дȻҶʦʲộҪȫᣡ
ƽ֪ܵҶԼһҶĸйٴı䣬һ˿мҶ㣬Ѿһʬ塣
ҶʦܸӦûʲô飬˵Ѳ˾Ǿ뿪ղŵɱֻδ뿪
Ǿޱ˼һ£ȻڱǳʯˣҶ϶Ѱڣ취ؾ
뿪鶼ȽϳأղŻˣ̶̼ʱ䣬ҶͲ֪١
ƽܵΪأһ·֮ϣҧгݣ޲ܰѶڰе˾
һʱ˳ؾ
Ҷ˿ĿģƲ֮УѰµڣۣ֮ɨ䣬Ѱ˴ʱ䣬ҵһ˿з졣
ʹ֮ããƺ֮ϣһ˸ޱȣ˲ʧ
ʦָǾޱʦѾ뵽ؾ֮УҲ֪ôˡ
Ҷ߷У˵
ʹ֮еٶȳԽ˹٣ܿҵǵֻ֮һ˽ȥһЩ޷롣
Ҷǿܵǳűʹ֮Ϊһ磬˹ȥ
׾ΪҪɱԼҸԩ޳ѵҲΪϵı
Ҷһŭ˶֮Լ죬Ҷôܺõ
ղһҺҶǰ׼ۣ֮ͱһ̴壬ҶʷΪǱһΣֱǾһͶ
Ҽǵζ
Ҷ⣬ģŹ
ؾ֮УľգƺЩ⣬ԼһȻҶˣѵͷҵĴڡ
˳ؾ֮дϢҶܿؾ֮Уһ̣һƬɵĿռ䡣

֮ϣÿһľǧ֮ߣԶɽ͵𣬴عݺᣬ
һƬԶ磬·ûбĹϵϢȫһԭʼ״̬س
һƬɫ򣬵ϵ·ľʯءζ
׵ץһֱ˵ĸоﺬдĻ֮紵ϵĻ濪ʼǧѵӣҶ档
֮Щľ·𶼱ȼˣžʮֲֿ
ʯ٣ÿһҶ㶼˸Уؾ֮вܷУʹ֮
Ϊ˰ȫҶ㲻ʩչʹ֮֮衣
ҵһСֲСľа֮ߣԶԶȥһ
羫һ㣬Ҷóɱ¾֮ݺݵն£Ȼ޷ľնϣľҪҪӲҶ𾪡
þĻ֮ﰲҵдӡ϶ԽԽǿ
ҶؾʲôĴڣӵǿĻ澫
ĴܻҶһٶأûһˣһЩ޴Уû뵽ؾҲ޴ڡ
ҷ紵Щ棬Ҷϣ絶иһ㣬ʮܡ
ͺͺʯͷľݺĵ棬棬һʲô⾰
תۣ֮Ҷ㳯ԶȥƲ֮ϣȻ˷ɹޱȸߴޣ߷ɹ
Ӵޣ˲ǰɴ󣬾Ȼ˽޴ˣ޴Դ޽Ҫ·Ϻܶ౶
֮ϣ߰˵ӰҶһվڵϣƺܾȣתǷЦ
һûӰɣȻһ˽ؾⲻѰ·𡣡

˵֮߰һЦڿҶΪЦ޼ɵ
һһ󴳽İ׳գ޷Щǳű
һָָ㣬ΪҶ󴳽ģֱ˹ʺˡ
Ҳǽ֮ˣƾһˣ֮ض޷߳ȥȡı˳ʬˡ
˿ʼ⣬ɱҶ㣬ᱦҶʬ
ҶĿ⿴գǶһȺƵİ׳գҲ֪ЩĸŵģҶ㲢ʶ
˰ɣǻż·֮ƬϾҪˣҪʱ䡣
˴ߴٵΪûбҪҶһʶ
ʲôòһôȤİ׳գܴϻȡһЩҲ˵
һ䣬Ȼ£ͻȻҶ֡


1101 ֮Ƭ
ϵ겻ɷ˵ֱ£Ҷ˲֣ǿƽͲƲĵ棬ѷ졣
񱩵ƣɲ֮Ȼ˾۷壬ѹּҶ㣬һЦӡ
Цݣɳܵı飬ȻҪҶʱЦȻֹ·һֻδץסǷ裬֮س鴤
ɣ
еʧҶһȣֱӱקͨһһʺ
ϣһ֮ɫû뵽ǰС˿ֲԭǰԻʵǳǿ
ղųҶֵ꣬ʱſڵϣ۵죬鴤ѣǰҶ¶аЦ
һĻܿҶ϶ԼʵȻһ˶ڻ֮ء
ңҿĹһΡ
Ҷŵϵ꣬ʵ
㡭
죬ҪŭǿҶɱһ񣬵ߵĻ˻ȥ岻һ顣
̫ˣʲô
֮УĮƽȴӵһɱ¾֮֮ɫĮ·ֻҪΥͻ⵽Ǵһ㣬ľˡ
ƾ˫֪˲ˣµĵˣһ׳գһɱ˸֣ɱ˲գ۵Ĵڡ
ֻоѪ𣬲ӵϬѰ֮ˣҪģ£ģ²ˡ
һ뵽⣬꿴Ҷ񣬶һɾηε̾Ϣһ
Ϣŭؾ֮еĻ֮أƲ⣬ؾ֮УִƬѣγ֮ĸأ֮أ֮һ
ʮֹػص
ϵˣԭҪȣʵش֪˲ɵ׷פԭأϣϽ뿪˵ء
ϣҶɱ¾֮
ǵ֮Ϊ£
Ҷʵղȣ˿̵Ҷ㣬˳һ㣬˿޺Щɣѵֻͨû֮
ʵʦֵܼΪ˻֮Ƭ
Ȼ˵ˣҲ֪һһʮ˵˳
սγռƬԶγ˸ԶĿռ䣬ؾ֮һ
һ֣ؾҲǲࡣ
ս֮ЩƵķ򣬵֮УҲؾ֮أһöƵĻ֮ƬǹҪöƬҵԻȥ򣬻֮
Ҷ˵ͷĩؾ֮У϶ֹһط϶дƬ
ǿ֪ؾ֮УƬ𣿡
Ҷʵ
У˻أ֮أˮ֮أľ֮أ֮أ֮أ֮ء
һһ˵ؾ֮УȻء
֮ϴοʱ״Ƭ˵õֻ֮أƬȻڣ̫ǿŵӣҪȡʧܣʮɳЩƬƣһҪȡҪķһۡ
԰֪һж˵˳ϣܻȡһ
֮أ
һ֮أƺûἰ
Ȼ֮أȻζȥˣû˿Իų궼ˣ˭Ҳ֪֮ʲô˵֮أѹһħ壬֪Ǽ١
֮أǽɣûԸ㡣
֪ɶںδ
Ҷʵ
Ҳ֪ɶֻǴ˵ֶܲܳһδ֪ھĵַ֮زԶһɽϡ
̾Ϣ˵һ䣬ǴеĿģֻȡһöƬڽɶֵܷһʮ㡣
·ϣɿƼҵӡ
ҶƽܸǾޱǣ֪ôˡ
һ·ǰƼ֮ˡ
һƺ뵽ʲôȻᵽƼңǰˣѵ紫ԵǸӡ
Ŷ
ҶЩʧѯ˼䣬ˣԷǧл뿪ˡ
һѯʣҶ˽ؾ֮дڵһЩƾдƬϱ˶
Ҫһ㣬ϣؾ֮Уһǳűܲͻᱻǳű˺壬ʮֲпᡣ
ϵѾߣҶһ£ȥ֮ƬȻãԲдӡȡ
ǰСӰдһ֣Ǿء
ԣЩƬ취򣬴ģÿһƬƬ̺ذ嶼Բͬ
ҪǻһöֻҪһ˿Ϣһִ壬ɾ磬Խɾ
ִƬǲͬȻγɣ溬һЩ⣬԰Լĵ⣬ơ
ǰһƬ֮أһö֮Ƭ
ؾ֮У崦ƶǰ
Ҷʹ֮ԼĪһյʱ䣬ڿԶһɽۣǻ֮Ƭ֮ء
ԶԶȥвһЩǿ֣ƺѸȺ֮Ƭĳ
ϴγʮǰϧû˿ȡϢմ֮ȼš
ʱʮ꣬ٴα仯ӿ˸ľž֮ǵʵҪǰǿܶ׼һ֮Ƭֱӽ֮¡
ԼҲ֮ƬҶĪ˷￪ʼƽ·Ҫ壬֮еĻ֮⣬Ƭ֮У̺Ļ֮壬ÿҶĻ֮⡣
ȫջ֮⣬ҶȫаգԼսٴһ벽ɾҲһս֮ˡ
ٴǰ˰룬Ҷ֮ϣŵѪ֮Ƭδ˿ʼɱһЩƬ֫кɢĴ
ִҶԽԼһ벽ɾԴߣ˻ˣֻ࣬ΧҶҪӱСġ
֮ҶԶԶȥɽܣΧϰˣǶΪ˻֮ƬĵȺ֮Ƭ
ûãɽ֮ڻ֮Ȼߣգ޺֮ɫ
Ϊļµǣɽλã۳һǵɾȥҲᱻ
һܵĿռ䷨򶼱ң͵ܲסա
һоƤգҲ⣬·Ҫǻ֮Ƭӵ޾С
ʱɽ֮ѾӰ֮ƬڼЩ׼ʱᡣ
֮ƬҪˣ֪һ˭Ļȡ
ûиҿŵ֮ɫ˵
һؾ֮ˣƾдƬ˼Դȥ
һ̾ϢһԹܻȥţж١
ͣ
˵ĹͻȻʲôȼˣһöƴĹͭƬӵص·˳ǻ֮Ƭ


1102 
֮Ƭڳˣÿγֻǳһյʱ䣬֮ܽͻٴγ£Ҫʮʱˡ

ճֵѷ죬ǴĿĻ֮У·һͷԶھѣ죬ͷų񱩿ɲ׺֮Ļ֮Ƭزҡ
ɫȻɿµϢˣ̫£һ롣
һĿע֮£һƴĹͭƬ֣ܻ漱֮Ƭ˽ȥЩǻ澫
ǹͭɫƬḥ̂ͨãӡŷޱȵڿУһգͷųȵĻ֮Ϣ
Ϊ˾ǣǻϢܳһСˣΧŻ֮Ƭȸ裬·ڡ
ǻ֮Ƭ
ĨĨǵĿˮأ۾ͨ죬·𿴵һ¶˴ε塣
ؾţţ壬ħ壬а壬Իħ壬Ϊ˴Ƭ
ܻȡһöɾǻȡһĻԵκˣڶʱ֮ڣԼĴɾһɳ죬һˡ
ڣһö屦ʱ䶯ȫĿ⡣
ҶȻҲĶѾе⣬õ֮Ƭ϶ɽ֮򣬼»ȥʱ䡣
Ͼ˶ܲҪеİ壬ƬõĽݾ
Щ˿һҲԼĵݾöڲˣ뾺
ҲΪΣÿһؾ˶ǿԭһͨɽĽݾͻԵҶ㵱ȻҲ
壡
ڣ˰Ͳסö֮Ƭڵ˻٣һỹиǰˣҲӼҡ
һ˭һ̣ڳ˶ȥˣַѤĹâ׷׼Լ׼õıҪ֮Ƭ
Ҷ׼֣֮ۺɨһۣס塣
ΪҶ㿴֮Ƭܣһɿ񱩵Ϣǵɾƿֿ񱩵ϢǳűǳĿֲ
ȻЩȿߣҪȡ֮Ƭʹҽѣ屻ˣǲò˻
ʧˣ˻ǲģڶ˳ˣƴﴳҪ֮Ƭȡֻһյʱ䣬ˣҲûлᡣ
꣡
Ѫɽ֮ƬֱӱĽ飬⣬
ƬȻԽ
˷ֹס˲˵ĽŲ
ƬҪ˵ԣΨǼᶨ֮лȡ
˵飬Ҳľܣǲᶨ֮޷ȡƬ
ǳ˼꣬ãѾӵԣһЩշ
һʱ֮䣬ҳǰɢܣռΣʱһһ֮йȥٲȡ¾ûлˡ
ƬϹʱѣǿȡ϶ᱻɣΨв򣬲֮ܽڶַǿķǿнսȥ֮⣬һ߲һ߽
ܿ죬˵óۣʵǿȡǲˣԣзܽƬ
ڶ־ӵǿķܽƬװȥѣȻҲȡ
һ֣Σ֮һʧܣܾˡ
˲ģƬ飬ǴƬܣ޾̫ɲ֣Ȼ޷֮⡣
Ҷ㾲Ƭ̣ˣΪԶмǿϢڿвǿ߳߸ϵԽĻȻҲԽ鷳
ƬֻҪԵˣӦĵԷ׷׸
ৣ
ҶڿգˣƬǿͲһЩ֮⣬ˣпƣеˮ֮⣬ÿ˻֮Ƭ
꣬꣡
ܿռѿǿĻ淨ҪҶ飬κմȾϢʱշ·˺飬ˢɢ޷ǿĻ֮
Ҷ壬ǰһƬ۾Щš
ƼǸСӣʲôʱҲϵˡ
Ҷ㣬˷һħҶȡڶ౦ѵҪƬ
ƬҪаɣ
ŭһ䣬׷ײʣҶ֣Ҫֹȡ֮Ƭ
ǻԥʲôһֹ֣ȡƬϿ϶ʲôܿƴƬδȡһ
һ֮У¶֮ɫƬҪҶϵı
ҪȡҶ㱻˴ˣһ޾ɱҶϱ
Сӣٽ㲻
һ䣬һâҶ˹ǳ£ֱҶĺףٶȿ磬ЯһɿɲĶƾ֮
Ҷ󱳷·۾һ㣬ûлͷӳֱۣһɹ飬Ȼһöʮִ
е˼Ȼֵҵһ
һӰ֣űӣӣ֮ϣųĻϢȻ壬֮ϣһĻ档
һˣҲΪ˶ȡ֮Ƭ
ϳˣȻݺպĻһ壬ӵл壬һֱ񣬶ԻϸС
СӣԹԵÿöƬǻһˡ
˼ţ˿ûнҶһɻƾ𣬸ƬӦ
˺ȻʵҲа벽ɾң糱սռݼơ
ȻҪҾø㣡
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣһȻø˻һǿߣ˭Ҳ㲻һͷˮҶȻҪɹȡʲô
СӣʶȤ
ҪֻɱҶ㣬Ҷ˶£ֻȡƣһֱӳƬץȥ
ʱ䣡
˳ԾһĻˣƬʼɢ棬ҪԸʹ
ҶҲǰľʵɲ⣬Ҳܸƽȣһ֡
ҶҲֻһ£ƾɱһ̫ǵɾ֣Ȼû˿κԼ
ҿ
һҪȡƬͻȻ˴һ֮䣬ʮ˷Ҫɹȡֱӱ˳ɢ귢ŭ

¶ɲɱһȭӳļֱɳȥ޷塣
Ƭ˻Ʈڿռ䣬ϵϢƺ˺ܶ࣬׼Ҫ£һյʱԽԽ̡
˶ƴʼ꣬ΪƬǰֻлܻ꣬л֮Ƭ
ֻһ侲ǾҶ㣬վһԣ·ڿһϷ֮УϷŰ
ʹ֮
ҶòˣͻȻʧԭأһ֣֮ƬȻҶˣʧ


1103 ᱦ
ͻʼϲһҲû뵽࣬üطѹȥȴСӡ
ԭղǹøԼ˵Χ˵Ŀ궼ϣҶлˣû֮Ƭȡˡ
ˣ
귢һŭ£ųһɿµĻ֮߼ֱɳȥ
Сӣ
һֻƳҶݺץ£ҪҶ塣
ʹ֮ȻܷУҪħǿ࣬Ϊӵ編ޱȼ̣ÿһΣķѴ
ƻΪһͷƵĿ񱩻⣬ſھһƬ𺣣ҪҶ㳹ûȥ
ԱҲ׷ײóҶһ֣ʧȥ˴Ƭܿռ䲻ֿ񱩵ľ󣬱ʮƽ
ɱСӣƬ
˴𣬼ʮһ֣ĿֻһǾҶ㡣
ˣҶһ䣬޾ɱ¾֮⣬ȹƣҶ϶ᱻ⽴
ʮ֮УҲӵа벽ɾһ֣Ժ죬ȻҶ޴ΣпشҶ㡣
ΪҪǣϾҪܻȡƬȴҶȵǣʧۣ֮ôܲŭҶΪʸ֮ģ˶Ҫ׷ɱĶ
ҶѣҵƬǲˣԳҶ㻹δ뿪ɱ
ǵصĹҶɣûκԥ֮ɫһһֻ޴Ƴˣдӡ
飡
һ춯صľ죬ʵµߣֱӱƷɳȥѪҲ⣬屻岽
˾أһɳȥֱӻԹȥ
Ȼڴʱ˷ֳǿߣ͵Ⱥʱգֱӳ嵽Ҷǰ
ҪҶʧδʱȻ֣Ŀ

Ҷŭ֮У޾ɱ֮ħƺٴξѣҪҶ
Ϊ˴ƬЩҲˣҪĳҪö֮Ƭ
ɱˣ٣ᱦһͷų߾֮ʲôˣҪ
¡¡
һӣƬأһƬңɣӰܶŰ似ݺύ
ʢϼȻĽʱػвҽЩʵСߣֱܵನ޷
磬пѪȣΪԼıÿ˶Լȥעȥɱ¾
ջҲ˱侲׷ȥս֮⣬ԹۣһĻ˲ȸںĺϷ
ȫ֣СֻԼһˣƵɱǹϷֱ
˴һҶһʮϤתһԼõ꣬˿Ŀ֮ƬҶõܲ
ʼʹˣһɱҶ㡣
ԼԹң
Ҷһŭһ֮ìˣף껹δӦоǰֱӱ֮ìһ͸

Χ֮£Ҷ㻹ܴɱˣݵǣò˺ʪһƬ
սɽ֮ϴ죬ɱ쳹񷣬һһ˳Ҷ㣬ÿһնɱɱ֮һǼ嵹ҶĽ¡
һ£ЩǿЩˣ֮У¶ɺ֮ɫһͷͷҰޣҪҶ˺ѡ
ಡ
˳߸ԽԽ࣬һγɺΧҶţµ·ˡ
ЩƿǴһҶһɱˣΪһ⣬ݺݵն£ʽ
ĸӡ˺죬𺳴أ˺ѳһڣǰ벽ɾҲ⣬Ҷֱ岽
ߣ
ٳɣҶʧԭأʩչ֮⣬һӶǧ׾룬ʹ֮ǿһͿ
˰Ȼˣ
˴ض㣬Ҷˣԭأ֪롣
ô£Ƭˣ
Щ˻ЩףƬճ֣ߣ˭˴ı¡
ƵĵȻǻһ꣬һѪ³ԭƬҪȡҶʩչʹ֮Ƭᡣ
ߵǣԼ˺ܶطŽƬϿ񱩵ϢѹҶ˱ˡ
쵰Ҫɱ쵰
귢ò˶ĤʹӽɾĴڣһޱǿᡣ
򰣬ʲôˣ˭˴Ƭ
˳ʵƺʶˡ
Ҷ㣬ƼǸӣҲ˴Ƭ
Ѿ֪ҶƼҵӣרᱦ⼸£Ѿ˶һ޷ȡĶô˲۲

ַ׷¶֮ɫôﶼСӵӰӡ
ǸСһֱԱߣǴս֮ʱͻȻߴƬɶ
ƽϢЩףȻƬѹһЩ澫ҲͨȡģѵҶȡװ
Ҳ¶¼֮ɫҶʲôܣŴλñ
׷ؾôҾͲڰ
˽飬׷ɱҶ㣬ƬһҶܲܽ澫һ⡣
ԣǾһ񣬻Ϊ׷ɱĶ֮С
ЩˣԲ֮ͬǰ໥ɱһ㣬ȴһȴΪҶһˣıе
ɼΪһǿԷϣһЩ

ЩΧһԻΪ˳Ҷķ׷ȥһƬȳ棬ƺƵʮˣ;һЩ䵥ʿ׷׶ܣ׷ʲô顣

֮УһӰΪһĨǣʱ䣬ʧʡ
벻Ƭ֮УĻ֮⡣
Ҷһ߷Уڸ֮Ƭķ¶˷֮ɫ
Ҷ̾ȫ֮ҼпͻƵغڣʱսٴһ򰣬ֱӻɱ
ǰһȫĵط֮Ƭ˵
Ҷһ߷УһѲӣܿҵһƬռʮ·һиռ䣬ҶУ׵˺ʹ֮
֮أѵ֮أ
Ҷ㿴һܣռ֮ԼĽ￪ʼ
ô֮
Ҷ㰵̾һɽɫĿ̵۵Ľ֮֮
֮Уһ紵ǧѵӣҶиɽı棬γĿĵѺۣɳЩѺǱõµһ㡣
ûκֲ·ˣһƬ磬
Ҷ£ɽһ֮Ѫսиһӣ޷ֵ֮
һֱ֮˺壬ֻ»δüӦͱɱ
һʯҶҵһĵط˽ȥƬħʼ


1104 ͵֮
֮أҶҵһ֮أȽ֮Ƭʵؾ֮УԱ֮
Ȼںǿ󣬿Ӱ벽ɾڶΧԵ̫Сղ벽ɾͲڴˡ
ʮˣʮˣֻ׸ˡ
Ƭڵħ֮󣬲û˵ʮ·󺣣ʼֽ֮뵽Ҷ֮С
뼺
ҶЩţһз̫죬ÿһöƬҪγɣҪûһض޷
͵ƾһöҶӣõ򼸸ʱ䣬οһöƴϹʱڴ
Ҷоһ£ֻ浤ӡһɫӡǣҪǰ˺ܶࡣ
ЩӡǾǴۼȻԲкԶһ·Ŀǰ֮ҶѾﵽԲ׶Ρ
ӡγɵһ̣Ҷ˸һС̫춴磬Ļݲݣɽǳױһ㡣
ٶ֮죬࣬ԪϢ
Ҷһ£ԼҲҪʱ䣬û뵽һյʱ䣬Լͽ֮Ƭ
ֱ˼
ҶȷƸԼѾекܴĹϵʱ䡣
ȻˣҶǸˣԼʱ䣬ԸõͻΪı
һ㣬ǰһ޴ʯͷܽ⣬ǴĻ֮׵Ľ֮ʯڻ壬ѻΪһѻҽ
˻֮ƬôԶֹˣ浤ﱻ̼֮ӰתͻƲõľ磬ٴɶ
ô˻ᣬħű书ͻ䣬꺣򿪵Ż
Ҷ׼ͻƵغڣֱ˾
̫̣ħҶȡԴóöɾĺǣҶ㿪ʼеķ뼺
ˣ
ҶƥڱڣѪҺǵغҽҵĺХ繭ңı
Ѫ罬Ϣ纣
˻֮ҶͨҪǰǿüһöƬĺôҶʵ
öӡǣôֹˣΪԽҶñһԿףҶѰɵĴš
öƬô溬жٱһý飬һͨɽԿףǹؼڡ
¡
ľںȻ飬ҶĴ򿪣һǿϢϱ꺣֮УŻ¶
֮ħʼ仯޵ķŴͻƵ䣬˼ʮҶʶ޷鿴߼ʡ
ǵħ棬γһƬ𺣣ͷųǵɾ֮ܽ
еĵɾһСķ򶼱Ҷÿһ򣬶ֱ۴ϸȻֻһڣҲ㹻ҶͻƵغ۷ˡ
ƽڽԪҶ淢ŸԪʼᾧһööӲӵıʯ
Դ֮תԪΨһҶ㻹δɾԴ֮ѳһһٵɡ
һľץ˳ͻƣҶ˺ܶʣ޼ˣҪһͻƣҪˡ
ԪԪǻкܶ࣬Ҷֻи߼Ԫſԣħ̫îǺöϧҶҲʣࡣ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ͻƣϢȶ
˫ۣһµâˣ̵һҲ֮ܵܲסҶ֮еǣ׷׻ҵıܿ
ܺã򰣬ҿԽһȭɱ
ҶƬȻǺöӡش·˸ضΪһ塣
رǻ֮ԪأҶ֮һץһŻͳУǻԪأ֮С
ڼһħҶ¶֮ɫÿһħɺһԪǳĿɲ
Ÿķǳ֮˾ħҶյʱ䣬֮Ҳغڡ
꺣ҶУһ޴Żǵ֪ӵʲôҶʲôľϲ
Ҷ㿪ʼ꺣֮еŻһһǿ󣬵˵Ҫ꺣֮֮ܽ򿪡
꺣۳һȭݺݵĳŻײȥһ졣
䣡
ҶоԴһȫѣʧϣѪɫһ԰ס
Ż˿·ںžԶ֮أ޾Ĳɣӡִۼⲻ˽ӵС
Щ··ɽ磬ʮֹϣʮֹӣŻ棬Ҳ֪ڶ£·Ѵ֮䡣
ҶɣЩŻʵģԼڿĲӰһ죬ЩŻ᳹׵¶ѹ졣
һҶһλ۳ɸȭ۳ɺ꺣֮Уʼ磬뵽ȭС
ҿ
Ҷ㷢һȣȭΪһǣŻݺݵײȥ
һŻһŻҪǿһһߴ󣬺أ͸޾Ļ֮·ؼ̫̫ãԶĶҪˡ
ģ
һ죬ȭݺݵײڵŻϣǿķ֮Ҷ嵹ɳȥ˾ʯ֮ϣֱҳһӡ
ۣ
һѪҶɫޱήң֮У֮ɫ
ӲˣͲܽײ
Ҷҧгݵ˵ŻֽܿĻ޸Ҷġ
ÿһγҶ㷢ԼĻøӾѾǺɫǴɫɫīŵǹ⣬ҶĻ꺣

ѡܳ忪Ժ¸ûлᣬŻɶ״̬ҪһȵŻȶһξҪʮ
䣡
һȭһȭһڽһѪ֪˶ٴΣŻڳһ˿⣬Ҷ꺣ѲƲ
ĨȥǵѪҶһݣ̷һЩҩ˺ȫ޸꺣糱֮ΪҺ壬һ޴ȭͷħ
ҿ
Ҷŭ£ȭͷΪһǣŻ֮ϡ
֮Ҷֱ˹ȥ֪ʲô飬ղһҶԪ
һյʱȥˣҶתѣоԴ棬ǧһȥʹҶҪٴιȥ
˫Դһʹ˼ʱ䣬ֹͣҶ㿪ʼ塣
޴󰭣ͻƵغڣǵһһѡ
Ȼû𻵣ҶҲˣʶһ뵽꺣֮Уһ飬Ҳ֪Ż״û򿪣û򿪣Ҷˡ
ڵĻ޷۳ȭֻܵȵһΣҪĻſԡ
꺣ֻɢǹ⣬Ʈڻ꺣֮УֱӳȥһŻˣ򿪡
͵֮ţ
Ҷ֮Уɻ󣬲֪ʲô͵֮ţǺܿˣ¶һ˿аЦݡ


1105 ֮Ƭ
Ҷ͸ŻһƬµʱ䣬һ磬ɺؽȪڷɣ
Ƭ类һ֣Ũ֪ӺζϿգ̲֮ϣɫ㻮ˮ棬ÿһƬƬ֮ϣ·ӡɽϢ
쵣ͥķһööɫ׵磬أȫϵһɽ編
죬󣬰ɺ裬һƬ˼ɾɽ磬Ҷ㿴ɽ硣
һץһ˿ɽ編Ҷץ뼺˿Ȼ֮ƬӴ
ֻǻ֮ƬǴĻ֮⣬ɽ編򣬵ǷҪɣҪɽ編
ԭ͵֮͵֮ţԵȡɽķ򡣡
ҶЦϧÿһβҵȡ̫࣬ⱻɽ緢֣Ǿ͵òʧ
ر͵֮ţҶ㻹Ҹ֮Уɽķֻһ㣬Ҳ˽編ǿ
ɽ編뼺֮Ҷо˵ľ񶼷˱仯رԪ·ӡ֮ӡǡ
һ̣Ҷӿһǿҵĸоǵͨ似ӵҪǰһࡣ
˻ֵ֮ȡɽһ˿򣬼ʵһศɵĽ
ûл֮ƬȻ޷򿪵Żͻغ۷塣
е⣬Ȼ֮Ƭִ֣Ƭò˶ãҲ׷׳֡
Ҷ˸⣬ԣҶ㲻⽫еĴƬȫ
ֻѭʵܳ׵ķӳһĴš
һȫõаǾζţԼƾƬͻƵ˾ߡ
һ£ҶȥԺ֮е󣬻Ϊһ⣬뿪ԭأ֮غȥ
֮أһȺԴо̰ڻߵĸϣΧϰˣһȺǣÿһ˺Ȼֵ׼
ǵǰһƬݲĸ̲Ͽӿݣ´µĺۼ
ƬռĶ֮Уҽʺ͸ŨŨһɢ
֮ǷУҲ֮Ƭ棬һö֮Ƭ˶Ϊ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ص֮µҽʼ⧲֮£˿ĺֱܽӱҽߣĲҽѪܿɿݣһ߸ʬԪ޷֮
Щûߵ˼ûȥЩȥˣǵĿĶҽģһöƴĹͭɫƬˡ
ɢµĽ֮иĲƤѿڣƬ֮ϣͨƣӨ͸ӡ֮ͼƮâܳԼĵ⡣
Ȼǽ֮Ƭ̻Ķǽ֮ġ
˷ˣʼ٣۾죬궯ѣһʱ׷׳ȻҲС
ʧȥ˻֮Ƭʧȥ֮Ƭ֪ڶöƬҪ׷ɱҶ㣬ǰȺ
尡
˴һʼᣬ֮Ƭ֮Ƭͬһ֮壬
ֻҪз壬ҲܳܵסЩ˷ˣʼᡣ
ҹöƬҵˣ
һߵֱˣƬ
ߣ콵汦Ե˵֮Ϊʵǿ󣬾˲𡣡
Ҳ˲ں򰣬ڳʵǿҲУ׷׼֮С
˭͵Ϯң
һǿߣҪƬ͵Ϯ
ģ˭ͱҾջ
һ߷ŭԼľջͱһ£оʹ
һӣһƬң֮ƬƯڿռ֮ϡ
Ҷ㣬ԶԶվɽ֮ϣɱѪҰһƬ˼Ϊ˱ʲô飬飬һ̣Եöô
սδӿԽԽ࣬·аһҪĳĿľΪһöƬ
ֻҪҪȾָ϶ᱻһ㵽ڣûٸ׳ȥƬ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҷ׷ס֣û˸ᣬһᣬͻ⵽ʮǿ似ǰ벽ɾҲܲס
ʮֹ죬˵ĿⶼڴƬϣȴ໥裬ͻȻ֡
ڴͣٵ˲䣬ƬͻȻΪһ⣬ʧԭأԶȥ
ô£ƬԼߡ
˶һ˳ŴƬȥһӰվɽ֮ϣ֮Ƭ
Ҳ٣ǸСӣǼˣƬôһĶ
һ󺰣ʵҶͦεӰڻӻ֣ƬС
ˣȻ
򰷢һХһ䣬ֱӳҶǰɷ˵Ϳʼ֡
󵨣ҸƬɣСӣ
һµˣʵǳһ־֮ơ
ɱɱСӣƬ
ҿʼһѷɱ˹ȥȻҶ֣ǻ֮ƬһҲ˳һ
ֿɵõıҶ㲻Ѵ֮͸ߣôܲŭղΪᣬ˼ʮˣȴҶ˱ˣ׼ŭǵ񾭡
ɲˣ
˹Ļ򰣬Ҷ¶һ˿Ũɱһֻ޴ƳˣɢµĻ֮Ϣ
ɣ
һ£洫ҵĺ嶨ԭأ֮ϣǱȼһ㣬ž

򰷢һҽУǻһ壬֮Уӵ𣬴˿̣ȻգĲҽС
һ󱻻
˶ʱסŲǰ򰶼סˣЩ˾ȥѰ·
Ҳİ
һҽУ廯ΪһѻҽʧԶؾ֮С
ŶסˣҶǻһߣʹ֮ʩչΪһǣʧʡ
ȻˣѾöƬһ
˴ض㣬Щǿߣ޷ܣǵʵҶ֮ϣȴ޿κΣһδεʧ֡
һöƬֵԶҶһ˾Ͷöòֱץˡ
Ҷؾ֮УԽԽ죬öƬܿͳΪ׷ɱĶ
һʮʮ٣ܿ촫ؾѰ֮ˣ׷׼뵽׷ɱҶ֮С
˴Ƭ֮⣬ؾ֮Укܶر纱ĵĽҲһϹ屦
ʱһȥת֮䣬Ѿȥʱ䣬ʱ䣬ΪҶѾᵽöƬ
𣬻ˮľھͲ֮ƬûбҶᵽΪûг
ʱ䣬ؾ֮УһǧˣмҶϵɱ¾ɱħԽԽأҶϣʱ̹űЦݡ
ģСѾöö϶ҽ飬ټˣڵöƬһΧɱ
飬ҪΧҶ㡣
ˣղյϢСͬеĻˣѾ˿Ƭɱʦֵܡ
Щ໥֮䶼ϵȻ֪Ҷ㻹֮ͬˣ׼֡


1106 
Ⱥ۱ŭĴѲ߮һɴ۾ŹκεطҶоѹ֮ضûУҡͷЦѡ
û뵽ֻӶöƬȻ⵽һ׷ɱͬһطһʱʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬ҶҲûţϵöƬʵǷٵȻûľ̫î
ҶԴɽȡҪκҪʱҲ㹻ҶɣʵͻƣԽԽ󣬿ҲҴĵȡ
ʵСҶȡһ㣬ɽѷ֡
еûӡۼ֮⣬öӡ˸Եӡǣдӡʩչǰ벽ɾҲһ
ԪҶֻĸݣǾɲ⡣
֮У춴磬Ѿγɽľǳǳ͸磬ɢԡ
֮⣬춴֮ϣ׵˸һ磬ǿ֮Ҷ㡣
ΨһǷȱľǺ֮춴һ翵ĸоȱһǿѹ֮
ֱʱҶֻУ̶ʱ䣬͵֮ţȡöƬʵһͿ

ⶼȥˣǸСôûҵò뿪ؾ˰ɣ
ǧΧں֮أȴҶ㵽
뿪ߣŶѾƼҵӣѾʦֽ㣬˼ͬʦֵ֮飬뿪
˳һԶɽϣһһŮ󷨿סˣɫ
Ƭ֣СΪλ֣ѵĺˣ
ôҶʶȤ϶ǰ˿ʼҡôһֵֵá
ٺ٣ƬҪᣬˣȻãҲԿ
һõĺϷˣǧǱܣҶ޴С
һοǻţлеɾУŵӣؾ֮У׷ͻƾ磬ɾ
ԣһҶǲѷɣ˶㣬ηҶϵĶ
򣬻ɳ죬س룬ŰĿɳУϿһɽһ˸оһѹ֡
Ѱ˽ֻ˲ͻᱻѹƵѪѪ
νߣӵǿϢ֮⣬ǻ֮ͬҲ֮УΪصһ
ȱٺִ֮ʩչûǿѹ֮Ǻǿ
һ˺֮γѭһƺϢֻ֮һƣѹɽ
ǰƬ¶ɲ֮Ϣ˸׿ֱǺ֮ļ塣
ʱصľɽ֮ϣΧ£ߣһȺһȺֲھɽҪ֮أϷܣƴƺڵȴʲô
ԶԶȥвǿǰǱܣŻвһЩǿϢӵһ˿֮һǵɾɹĶȹһٵɡ
ôôˣ
Ҷͣס˽ŲЩߣ֮У¶֮ɫɱ졣
ʱһߴԶƺҲǽҶһץӻδӦͱҶӥСһ
ң﷢ʲôˣΪ˶Ǳڴˡ
Ҷޱ飬˿ûһ˿Уֻбɱ⡣
㡭㡭Ҷ㡣
꿴˿Ҷ㣬ž֮ɫȫʼ
ûҾҶ㣬ң㲻
Ҷһ첲ҲҶֱ塣
ѵѵ㲻֪𣿡
һ֮ɫȥʵ
֪ʲô
Ҷһ귢ҽ
ΪõöƬڶ飬Ȧˣһٻɱ
겻ٵ˵
д
һɱҶǻ֮бʮֿɲ
ѵǾһҲ˷ʱ䡣
ҶЩףƾʲôţԼһ֡
Ϊץʦʦ㣬㲻֣ɱǡ
꽫֪һһʮ˵˳˫ȿʼ
Ȼ˵꣬Ҷϵɱƺ˱㣬ȫ£һɽ겻Ծһսž֮ɫҶ㡣
ɱ⣬ɱ⣬ܣ
ɺ˫ۣɱ⣬ҶվУµɱһɱħһѾޣѣռҶԪ
ʱһȥ֮أ磬Ȼ͡
ʲôʱˣСӻûģ֮ƬûӰӡ
Щͷˣɧ
ģ϶ģ
˵
ҾͲͬʦֵܵ벻ˣĸôƼҽ
ٺ٣òˣǱǽˣҪˬһѣɱǾͺˡ
һаɺݣɽ֮ϱסǾޱ֮У¶֮ɫ
ǸֻйһһŮеĸߴӢŮɣʿ͸
ƽܸǾޱ
ôذΧұǿץɫأֱܴۣ޼ɵûн˷жǷŭѡ
ǺĴǷһ
޲ɱЩ쵰Ȼ˶Դǣ֮һǻɱȻвҶʦܡ
ƽܶҶĸйٴı䣬Ҷ㣬Ѿؾڣ˿ֱΪѱвҶ㣬Ǽ޾ŭ⡣
ΪƼҶӣߵǱĿ˵Ҫ÷磬Ҫ꣬ȴһвȣָָ㣬ļ̤ϣǿҵķ޵Ҫɱˡ
ʱ˵Щкãڳ֮ˣһݲǣͷ֮ˣΪҶʦܣѰǵһԴ
Ǿޱҡҡͷ߲һ˿Ц
ἰҶ㣬ƽҲǿЦѣŶ̶̲ʮʱ䣬Ҷͽؾһ췭ظöƬ
˵ǰΪҶʦֻ˹ʺˣǽ죬ؾ֮лȡöƬȻΧƽܷˣֱ£ƽ
ƽܳ׷Ҷ㣬Ȼûһ˿ʣմմϲΪҶƼ֮ˡ
Գ֮ȴһĨУһҶΪٵӣܿƽѾȫҶ㣬ûκν١
ҶʦܷѰȣ˷ǳء
ǾޱΪȻӵһۼҶ֮󣬾͸оϲ򵥡
˲䣬Ǿޱ¶һĨᶨ֮ɫƽܣʦ֣˴ǱЩһǵնҶ㣬ͼãҶʦͶһ˵ҶʦܣҶ
ʦþãǸΣ
ƽʵ
Ҷʦܻû֣ȥҲҶʦܣɱһ׬һ·һ
ǾޱĬһ£֮Уһɱ⡣


1107 ǰ
Ǿޱƽܻһû뵽ǾޱҲһ档
ãô죬ҴͷһȫսҲҪҶʦܡ
ƽһһٵ˵ɢһȵơ
ʦãлᣬߣҶʦܻϡ
˵֮ƽʹĿһǾޱԼ忪һѪ·Ǿޱѳȥ
ʦ㡭
Ǿޱһû뵽֮ǰƽܻΪԼƴҲҪԼһ·Ǿޱʮָж
ƽһЦʦãҵ˼ףܽΣҶҪȫôΪ㣬ҲΪҶʦܣΪƼңڣƼҲзһ졣
Ƽּҡ
ΪԼΪƼң
ǾޱһǰؾжΪ˼壬Ϊţһһ˽ģƽһܴ֮䣬˭Ҳ˭ЩǾޱûнܹƽܡ
һ̣Ǿޱ۽ЩʪÿжԼѪһ棬ֻǲΪ֪ˣΪνһ
˿̣ǶƼҵӣһپ٣һԵΪս
ʦ֣лл㣡
Ǿޱĳƽܾһʱգ֪Լ߽һƽܽԼѡ
ΪƼңƴˣ
ƽܿǾޱı飬֮ϣ·޾׼ɱ䡣
ߣƴˣ
ʱһЦˣʱ˵˼̧ȥһ꣬գһ߹
ҲһӢӣ޳ȣһ˫ǿգͷںڵͷɢǰһرʡ
׷ߣ
ƽ˸һ˿֮ɫʶݣҲǺպȨԺǿʥӣʱϢƺѾͻƵ˵ɾ
׷ߵıֻҪϵˣ죬׷ߵ
㡭ͻƵɾˣ
ƽЩţ˵׷߲£ʱ׷ϺȻ֮ڲ
ûѾɾƼҵӵķϣʵʵҲһ῿Źһǿȥƻҵĺ£ݹ顣
˵꣬׷ߴһӡĵˣֱסƽܸǾޱС
ʵʵĴɱҶ㣬ҲŹǣ
׷˵꣬Ʈȥ»δӦˡ
رƽܣЩԽܣȻҲǰ벽ɾǾһٵɣкԶһ·Ҫߡ
׷൱û뵽ǰ棬׷ߺսƢԣԸҶһΣˡ
ʮ֮УмպķӣԪ̵ڵĿ񵶣ȨԺ׷ߡ
ǰֻǺսҲ֣ܶɱ
׷ߣĶ֣Ϊֹûһˡ
һǧˣţڻеɾƽεҡҡͷһǷ֮ɫ
ģСӻȽ˸ˡ
һаħ̲סˣҪǾޱ֡
Ҷһëһϣ
аħ׼ֵʱһĮ˳ŵĿռ䡣
ʱ·뵽˾ֹ紵һɳһӰӻɳ֮Уһ㸡ֳ
Զһ磬ĴĻɳһɶֻɱɱ⡣
羪ף𶯾ʮأÿһ˵ĶС
˵֮УǵͦεӰԽԽݣ裬ѪԣƮȻϣ·һˡ
Ҷ㣡
һô޴֪һ壬һǰ
ƽŭһ䣬ֲһĨжǵ֮ɫ
ʲô𡣡
ǾޱҲҡҡͷѻʯȻ˶ڱԹ֮У¶ĸж
˲ͬڳ˼ҶǰֱͿһ޴ľ۱һһ˷ܵĺ׷Ħȭƣ˷ܲѡ
Сˣ
񵶷˷ܵЦؾҲüʵﵽ˰벽ɾĵز
û뵽Сӻеģûͬӣǰ
ҲҶ
ޣʲôƨģҿΪ֮Ƭ
Ҳ֮ԱǣοƾҶһˣôܽȳֳеɾ
һӣΪҶĵܳ׷ˣÿ˶ε¶Լ̰ɱ
ҶԴˣƽĿÿһ˵ɨǿ̰ܺУȵɱصҽ׵ı
ΪɱԼȻԼͬΪҪЮ伫ֶΣħ嶼磬ֱɵ˼㡣
Ҷ㣬ϴҵˮ֮ƬϽҽ
һŲһ̤Ҷǰ
⼸öƬҶһС͵һÿǿҪȡʱҶˣ֣Ƭ֡
û͵Ҷ͵֮ţԵȡɽ編ҲԵȡ

Ҷ䵶ӣƣХķȻǰһһλʽ
̣
ռһζҶһȭĳƼ򵥵ȴӿһԵ̺⣬εסˡ
·һεĽƸסˣܶԭأһܶ
֩ƾ޷ҶĽ֮
Ҷ̧ͷ磬ס

һ֣ƣ·һŭ类һشУͷһѿѪֱըΪһࡣ
һʲôô似ǵĸ֪ƾһ֣ɱһ벽ɾɲ̫ɲˡ
ս
һ¡ղҶ޾ͷųԼϢȻҪսսףʵߣöĤʹĲҽ

ЩСŵӣɸһ㣬ڵϣҶ񣬶һɾ֮ɫ㣬־ֱӱ
һϣɱƬ
վ˳ɱȻħؾϵıQҪҶء
˿̣һ֮ɫ֮Уݡ
ɱ
·ܵ˹ƻ˷׷׳ҶΧˮйͨһĹǳˮһӿ뵽Ҷǰ
֮䣡
Ϊ֮ڰ·ܵȾܱûһƬҶӰӺ֣Ǹ赲ǿߵߡ
ɱ֮ˣʼոһһ
һĻ˵飬ѪȾ˴أ˳Źۣʡ
һڶÿһмʮ˳Դңɱһȫ
벻Ŷ̶ʮʱ䣬һȻɳ˵ز
վԶ۽һֵĲ
ս˼Ѫ֫ɡ
ԶӰڿϧһսѾʼ
磬ȾҶɣ
һӰӳ֣Ȼ񼲽֮󣬽ڼңʵٵȻҲؾ֮У֪ҶΧɱһʱ


1108 ɱ
űѪȾĲ񷣬Ϲ¶ʹ֮ɫߵꡣ
ʦãҲһ֮Ȳ
ս̾Ϣһ⼸죬ؾľҶ㣬ѩȻҲһҶɣϧһ
֮䣬ҶѾնɱӽˣǰ벽ɾ˾Ҷ֮С
ֳˣˣҶɱ
ȻͻƵ˾۷壬ʼɾż
öƬҶ㾳ͻƵ˾۷壬һöȻܷΨк֮Բ
ҿϰ˵Ȼᣬɴһ뽫ɱˣǵɾ֡δɳײȻ롣
ɿ𣬼ϻöƬȺٴλ
Ϊ˭Ҳţ̶ʮʱ䣬Ҷ㽫öƬȫ
λͬҶȳ棬û٣ǵıʮ⣬޷죬һˣǲĺûᣬڲ֣ȴʱ
񵶵ȷɿģһ˵Ĵҿʼ
һ㶣ŷӦֻһˣǿҲֵǧˣһиԴԴӿ
ɱ˴ǺģҲܽ
̰ɱ˫ֻۣ˵ĺʼٴΧ
ɱҶ㣬ܹϷϵļƬ˵ħҲõ˴Խ룬оԽǿܡ
֮෴Ҷøƽƽһ̶ˮϺ޸飬ŹȺ֮УΨЦѣǲ֪
ɱɱ˴
񵶳˳ңʼҶ㣬ڻһ䣬Ҷˣһֻ޴¡
дӡ
Ȼȱٺ֮дӡѾַޱȣǵɾҲҪ
䣡
ȹâַͨѻһݱɸֲֿĵ⣬ĹžҶ㺷Ȼ֣һ·ǰɱ
ɢâϼǬ̤£ʹ֮ȶһ̣ѾȺ֮Уֱɱ
ͣ
һɼ˿ڳˣѪӡصˣ֮ʬѻɽһпɱ¾
дӡȫ߸ǵ֪ﻹʲôɼ似Ҳһְ塣
ӡһһƬ󺣣˶УǴڵĸһ㣬Ҷ׸
飡飡飡
ѪŽӭʮǿߣֱӱǿɲƾ飬ͷʣֱӻΪһ࣬Ѫģգવĵϡ
һ֣Ҷûκγɣ٣̧֮䣬ʩչֵ⣬Ǵܸ٣ݱ塣
һ·ѹҶĳ忪һѪ·һѪɵĵ·Ѫ⣬ֹǣɢ֮ϣת֮䣬Ǽʮǿ߱Ҷһһնɱ
¿ͻ֣֮ᷢϣʱ޿̶һѪ꣬ŨѪȣ壬ʹĺʬ屻֮ޱȳ
Ҷ㣬ɱǿ߸˵˼ά̶ʮʱ䣬ǿֵزڳɳȥݣҲû˿Խѹơ
һλһ·ѹ֮۵֮£˵ĶԵޱȻҶҪģɱ¾նǵĲӣǵѪ
֮Ҷ㣬ֻɱ¾֮У޾ɱ⡣
ʮţңңħˣҶޱȵɱ񣬼
¡¡
ɲսƬؼ䣬ҷƣضȻʧɫһ޴ĺƽ֮У˼
Ƭҵĺƽ֮УҶָأƮӰÿһŲ·˲һ㣬ǵصƣͳһࡣ
֮ǱѪǣʬѻɽ̶ʱ䣬Ѿʬ塣
һЩǿߴֲеıδʩչͱҶһȭ򱬣ɱ¾֮ոǺ׷׺ˡ
ֻа벽ɾֵܿ˾ؾֻΪڻңһɱһһ˫ɱһԣɱһȺ
˿̣Ҷ㲻κˣκ£ֻһͷǾɱˣɱˣɱеˣЩ伫Сˣαӣħͷ
Ƿ֮ǰҶʵûˣһĻĻҶľˣе㣬űһһεɱ¾
ɱ
Ҷ֮ϣһڵ˷·ħˣһ޴аħ֣֮Уɢīɫʣаħ
һȣ羪ݺأһѧϤ뵽ɱ˼֮Уŭ۳ɱ⣬йң񣬴ݿࡣ
һʱ֮䣬صѪ֫׹䣬ҽʹҰʵ𺳣š
ʵ̫ǿˣֲ
գ֮һ˫ᣬַڵħ˿̵Ҷ㣬·һˣΪһɱ˵ħͷ
ǿ̫ǿˣ
ԶӣЦ֮УûкڣһԾʧԭأȻ֮ظȥ
֮ì
ҶһȣĴɢˣһ׳׵ˣ裬һ渲޾ķģӡУ֮⡣
ҷˣҪɱҰ
δ꣬ͱ׵УΪһѷɻҡ
ݿ̫࣬£Щӵߣֱӱ׵ɨУĲǴҲΪһöƬϧȥԭ
䣡
׵һɽ壬һ죬ɽ屻һΪվˣŵӴܡ
һôµɱ¾ѪϺˮڵϷҶɱ⣬֮أѾʬɽѪ
Ѫֱ֮ҶΧûһˣӵӡ
Ѫɱ⣬Ҫɱ߱죬ղǧΧ̶̼ʮʱ䣬еĹȫҶһ˻⣬ʣµˣһ¶֮ɫȻѡ
ɱ¾ɱ¾֮
ҶϹħȫһħͷƺħˡ
ʼգҶ㶼Ǵɱ˷޵УǿһͿ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳû˸ǰ񵶶ʵˣ첻
һ̫ˡ
ƽܸ벻Ҷ㾹Ȼǿһնɱˡ
ȷ˵ɾûĶ֣
ǾޱҲ˵ͷ벽ɾвҶˡ
ҼסܺˣսѾ˾޴زܸĻᣬ֮ǰŬȫ׷ˡ
һȶˣûк˵·ˡ
ҶɱЩ˽ڽڰˣסˣʿ
˵һ˶ˣνڷһĻԵвлرĵ
ڣǰܾʹ˷Ź
ಣ
ڿ˵һ̣һӰͻȻˣǰɢħ
ҶͻȻԼǰϾȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ岻һ¡


1109 
ʮֹ죬ҶͻȻڿ񵶵ǰ
ž
Ҷɫ䣬һֻεĴֳˣֱӲһ񵶿УȻܶ
֮ϣĹʵһ㣬ɢȵĹâݱһƣݺݵ˿񵶵ϡ
񵶵屻ˣѪȾ˲񷣬е䵶һѿǻ۾ѪӿϵĹͷ֪˶ٸһһڵϳ鴤
ϾħҶܻɱ񵶣ʱ˫׷ɱŹ˿񵶣ʱգҶʵǴﵽ˾ͬһ𣬼Ҷе⣬Ÿһƾͽ񵶸ˡ
ôܣ
˾Ŀ⣬񵶵ʵĿãҲҶһƳɣ֪
ڵϣԴ죬ðǣǰһĻĿ⿴ܣʱ׻
Щŵӣ׷ָָ㣬ֱŵ˵Զղžۼһʧһɶ
Ҷޱǿƣ״ݿ־ڸǰ
û뿪ģҲԶԶվԭأղһҪĳϾҶչֳսֲ̫ˣﻹҼƴ
Щ쵰һȺں֮ڡ
һܣ񵶷ŭȣ˵ЩˣԪ̵ȵʥŮ׷ױܿǰ
Ŀѣңϧˣɿߣһ쵼ߣֻһɿС˰ˡ
οЩݸţһѱи˼ӿ񵶰ڲ
ȥԹˣֱǿЦ֮
ſ˻ߵӣҶһǺЦ·ڿһЦһ㡣
Ҷ㣬㲻ɱңҿǾڵŵӣɱң϶ܾڵ׷ɱ໥ս
񵶺ˣز˭ҶĹ
ս
̫ƵԼˣʲôڸƼҿս
Ҷһ̤س٣ܿռѿ
Ҷ̤ŵûһ£˻С
׷ߣٲ֣ӾҪˡ
ŭԭһεĻʹȻ׷ߡ
Сӣ˿񵶣ҿȫʬ
׷߻˳һϢɢ죬ʾҶ㣬ǵɾѹһ磬ȻǿҲֵ˵һ
ʲô赲ҵĽŲҪ
Ҷޱ䣬һ׷ߣһϢˣ񵶵ֱըΪһ࣬
㡭
ǳӣҶֱ׷ߵĻѾվˣҶɱˣȫʬѻΪһѪˮ
ʲôңҪսս
Ҷ㳤ƮĿ磬ΰǣһȼգ˫
ܺãΪֹǵһҸ׷ô˵ģΪ仰һúõĥ㡣
׷ߺȻҶ㼤ŭˣһս⣬ɢǷӣѪ˵սǲҪĽࡣ
ݣûԸ׷ΪУΪһ۲۵ķӣˣֻ
ҪģЩ̫ս飬ḻ֮ɱнֵز
ŵɾ׷ߣ˰Ծ̾ĳɹżȻ̤ʬǣߵ죬
໥עӣսһ˲ȼ
֮УƽܻǾޱüͷ΢壬ΪҶĵǣ׷ӡͽס׷ʵǶ޷Ԥĵز
Ѫǵɾ֮ͬУûаܼĶ֣Ҷһϣʤϡ
ϾҶղżսʱķ˲׷һֱݴͣȣԪϣ״̬ͬһˮƽϡ
һ룬ƽܸǾޱüͷĸˡ
ҵͬΪвһ޳ܵСˡ
Ҷɫƽ˿ս֮ĵļ󣬷·޾
ս伫ֶҲһַѡ
׷߲֪ʲôб޳ܣɱ֣Լõ֤
һɳ֣һöɫƬˣƬʱȻˣƯҶ׷м䡣
Ư֮ϣû˸ҿҶûж׷ҲûжĿˢˢľۼڴƬϡ
ˣƬҵģ
׷սӿͻȻøǿ
˴ˣ
ҶһЦһɱ֮ˣ򵥵һһѪ񳱣ɱ¾ģİƺƵѪȾ˲񷡣
һ̣Ҫ̫ԣҶж˴ңǵɾΣ赲ԼҪʱ׼ɱ
úã
׷һȣ쾪ףƬĻ̵֣˫ۣһֻ̽ƶ
ʮϸ壬һ׷ƽʱļãһߣʹ֮ϣһϼ롣
׷ߵƣ⻬񣬾Ө͸оȻģܿ棬ǱУޱȣ˼¶
ǵɾ̥ǣ棬Ѿתһ˿ԪÿһνѣԪתһֱ֣Ŵ׽٣תɹɾˡ
Ԫ𣿡
ҶЦԼ͵֮ţѵȡɽ編򣬴˿ĵ֮УѾвٵط壬Ԫһֱûжá
򣡡
׷һȣһܶεĽҶҶ㼫ٶ
һ򹥻ʵױ˴򣬶ܵƣ벻Ǻܴ
׷ʩչܸǰ׾룬ʮǿ
˵һһʲô˾ʩչΨеɣʩչԼ
һ̣ƽܻǾޱҡͷͷƤ飬ǣһǸֵ
¡
£ҶĽ⣬ɱһ߽⣬ӡ죬Ҷǰݺݵãӡ֮УķһУҶ϶ᱻ⽴
ƣҶ̽ʹ֮һöһٴγֱ֣أն֡
㣬ҵ֮УûжܵĿܣ
׷һȣ̵һܿռ俪ʼָͷͻȻǣÿһ涼һǧ⣬ֱӼ¶£պϣҪҶԭ
ǵɾ似һı仯ÿһα仯ǣۼÿһθı䣬Ȼ
ҶܣסԼ壬ɱ¾֮һɱ⣬һɱħھѡ
ն
ȣȵϢ̵òֱӱ۾ս̫ǿǳܷΧ
ͬʱҶһ£һҲǲģؼ·뵽ӡ֮С
ͻȻΪָָ֮뵽һָ֮ϣӡ
ָ
һ޴ָˣ޾Ĳ֮ϣֱͶɢƣһ͸Ʋ㣬ִ档
䣡
ϵӡһ˿˿Ѻۣڲϵ졣


1110 ˫
һָ׷ߵӡ֮ͣϣǰһ
ָΪһͷ񣬷ӡһ飬ƣԼٶȳܳ
־ֲ̫˺Ҷ㾹ȻݻһͷƵ׷ߵĵѾ¯ĵز׷ߡ
䣡
ըϳӣ񱩵ֱ˺Ѳ񷣬˼
ҶѪգֱɱܣΪҪƿƬء
׷ƶղԼҶƵɫĿ¡
һһˣӿһ¡ٴγҶû
ʮ꣬챻ҶƵ׷̫ŭ⣬ӡ
һȣıʢһ飬ָ֮䣬һɿµҪҶ㻯Ϊҽ
Ȼ˵ƾ棬ɱ˾
飬˵ɾѾһ˿ֻ֣֮·ƿһ£Ҷʣ
һҶѹڽڰˣʹ֮ȶѾ˼ʮ롣
𾪵ǣ֮ǰҴɱķɱҶ㣬׷߽֣ͱˣʵ֮Ĳࡣ
ҶˣеƽܻǾޱĶˣ޲ܳȥҶ㡣
޴ӡԽԽ׷¶֮ɫ˶ΪҶҪѹԭصʱͻ䡣
дӡ
һȣһǿӡˣգҶΪģɢȥ
䣡
죬أշڣ׷ߵĴֿʼܲסҶдӡ
˿Ҷɫ䣬Ųٴǰһ̤ŤתʢѪֱ֣ȥһһݣֱӽ׷߲۶ɵĴٴնơ
Ҳ
׷߷ŭУһȣٴη仯ΪͻƵɾãڷòϤҲҶᡣ
һƷ˷츲صı仯ӿģһ¯һɣҶ˽ȥ
ǡ׷ߵı궦ӽһҶΣˡ
˿˶¶֮ɫ
նȼյŤһͭ¯ˣǳݣиִϢ
¯棬˼ͼضأ¯ڲ⼤䣬ʼҶ㡣
Ҳˣ
Ҷ㱻Լķ˽׷߷һЦϾ֮

һȾ춯أֻһ¯ҵҡΣһ˿˿Ƴˡ
ôܣ
׷ڳ֮ɫ
ħ棬գ
¯֮УҶͨ죬һħͷͻȻŴħ֮屻ħű书ħ
¯ǵ׺ݵħ˳ҶͻȻ
꣡
궦ķѣΪһƬҶĴˣƷˡ֮ϣһһӣ¯ƬȥϧŨҵĻ棬ʼյ档
쵰㾹Ȼҵ궦
׷߷ŭı𺦣ҲһЩ
Ҷ㣬̽ԣϿ궦֮Уûܵκ˺ôģ׷ߵ궦
˾̾˵սǱҶ츳۷Ѿܰճˣѱɻҽ

Ҷһȣ˷̤Ųɱ䣬иУɱ⣬ͬʵһĽϯȥҪƬس׽顣
飡飡飡
Ҷɫƽޱϲ֮ϣֻ޾ɱ⣬һĺɫħ˫֮УƺҶӰӣֻһаħС
ÿһ̤սģǧħӵ֮߳ɱ磬ҷơ
׷۹һݣ䣬˫ٴλףһѤ磬¡
ף
׷߲Ǹ֣ÿһα仯׵ǣشҶȻдɱһһ֮⣬׷޷
󾪺岻ϵȥⱻɨУָңԵɢޱȡ
¡¡
˸ɱ⣬ȵĵ绡ضҡɽһϢ
׷˫һнҶɱз绽꣬磬ӵ׵磬ȫҶǱߡ
ն
ҶһȣӰһɱ¾֮񷣬¡һ֮ϣһ޴ѿڣһĻǧӲӵֱۣӣա
Ϊ˺Ȼǣÿһ׵磬Ȼ⣬ܵҶĽȾ֮󣬷׷߼ȥޱȡ
ÿһ׻֮׵磬û˱ҶãһɨЩâ绡˸ļµĹâ
ô
˶⣬׷ռϷ磬ÿһʩչǿƥĹҶ㶼ɵĻ⣬޷ܡ
ǶֻǿʵҶ㲻ǿ׷ߵ֮С
ҶǺηʥɾκβ
̾ƼʲôʱĵˣǺ֪飬ħͻȻҲʱ䣬ɳ˵ز
ӽ첻ؽ£
ڵɾض쳹ݡ
֮ǰսȺۣѪȾ죬ң׷ߣһǷͥսԽԽңҶ㿪ʼռϷ磬ţǳ֮
汬Ű׵˸ײ׷ʮֱľף˿ȴԼܲŭ
һ׵ֱӱƷɳȥ׷ߣγһƬյشЩ׵޷ɵ׵磬ǹ鳱ֱӱƷɵܣļµ
ս˼
ҶԽԽ䣬ɱ⣬ƾþûʹսˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬üһѿ֮۳ˣ׷ÿһҶ㿴Ķޱ磬ҶҲţ졣
ܽұƵϣҳϵ͹ˣҪ
׷ź֮ϣٴγһɢϢʮֿɲ
飡
һӣװһˮʣɢֹʣá
ǺĶ飬Ҳ׷ĵƣһУǵɾҲʮ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ȻҲ֪öĿֲһͷųܲԲǧ
ԣҶ㲻ᣬһԾŸˣˮҶƱʮܿռֱӱȥ


1111 ħӰ
ۣ֮׷ߵҶǰһֳѪ⣬ֹǣ磬ꡭ
ʵ֮Խ£ܿ˵֮꣬䣬ҶѾ׷ߵǰ
һն£춯أֱӽܣҶ棬ͷƤ飬⻹˾𣿸ֵ⣬ܵɱһ˫Ŀ⡣
ÿһ趯ǣɣ·ҶƿִЩڼλࡣ
¡¡
𾪣˿̣Ҷһɱ񣬳׷ߵǰֳɱ¾֮ǧ⣬ƥһִգڿɢȵĹâ
֮죬𵴰˻ϣʮء
һҲһսݣˣҲûмһսǧѵһ
ŵӣ˭ܸʤһ˭ܣ
һȨԺǿʥӣ졣
һȽȽǣѸһʰǻײ򣬸־ɱ¾֮ɢҵķɱ£ڽһҶ׷ߵǰ
꣡
׷ҪܣȴԼôŲҶ㶼ĳǰǼһ
֣׷߸оԼұʧȥ֪ѪǺˮһļ򴦱

һҽг֣׷ߵұ۲ˣս˲б˷츲صı仯
գ
鱻Ҷڶϱڣѱ飬Ϊһ⡣
һз̫죬ļ˼飬ۻҡ
Զ֮ϣȻ˿԰֮ϣɷؾУǺˣѵؾķӰ
벻˽羹Ȼŵӣ˾ܵɾѵѵá
վӣɫòˣ֮У·Ϣ໹Щͬ
Ҫ߳ܶ࣬۾Ȼɺ֮ɫһͲ塣
һȺѣǾȳ棬ʱʥٴϯ壬ƽЩʵ
һǳ䣬Ȼ塣
ʥǲɴ⣬Ȼʥ壬Ҳɴ⣬ֻˣһ巢֣˵ȳ棬ȥһ⡣
һ˵ž֮ɫ
ʥǣ̫СˣȺһ˾ܽȫˣżȳ棬ҷǵðȫɱⲻɡ
ʥһɺ촽Ҫ˺ˡ
߰ɣ֮Ѿ˿ʼ룬ץʱ䣬Ƭֵʱ򣬾ȳ档
ʥ˵һ䣬ܿ˵أ֮ظȥ
ɨˣ
ʥ˵һ䣬ܿʧΪһǣ˭Ҳûз֡

֮ϣ׷쳤Х淭ڣһ񣬽̤أҶ󲽿ޱȣˣõɾȻҶնһۣǶô衣

Ҷϱʵһɱ⣬ָɱ¾֮ٴθ֣ܳǳǺεȵĿֲͰ
ÿһǳޱ貣׹ضȻ֮ɫһ
ն
ֱ֣ӱѣ׷ߵ嶨ԭأҶסȥ·һ֮ٵأơ
ŸԪ֮Ǵۣ֮Ҷ㼸óеƣڲУһҶ㡣

ͳĵɢļµħˣˣƽȴëȻ
׷ߵ˲⵽߽⣬׵ıѹȥȫ£ƺһѹ
⣬Ҷ㽣֮У޾⣬⣬ɱ¾⣬ںϵһγһ
ԪϣҶҪҪǿ󣬾һ׽٣תһЩԪǸҶȣСĿҶǵȡɽķ
һ׽תһɽ編򣬾ͺñһƽһʣһϡ
ϱҶ𣬶ֱҶߣ׷ߵצûݵϻ
Ҷ㣬ԽսԽ£似仯ˣе⣬ַת⣬ɱһ
䣡
£ֱն׷꽣ϣһҵĺߵֱӵɳȥ
ģ
죬ǳ·ʧȥʶתһЩСǳֱӱѣʷĳ֮С
ۣ
һѪסҶɱһȻûɾȻǿ
ϧҶûдᣬһһУɱ¾֮ٴθı̬Ϊһ޸ն¡
ʽ
߱ʽˣ羪һ˿̣˾Ѿ޷ݴ˿̵顣
棬ħ֮·һӣ˵ķ
ܿµĸӡ׷ڶˣϢ˲ղһȻûнնɱҲصش塣
һ׷ߵĵȻǿ󣬵Ҷ㣬ôܳסһ
ڣ֮ٴλٸ׷κλᣬδӦʱˡ
棬ƽܸǾޱ𾪵Ըӣһۣӱ˴˵֮У޾𾪡
ǿ
̫ǿˣ
ƽҪȥΪҶҪԼսҪ˷ܣ˾ܵɾ⿪ݵȺӡ
棬ôǿʥĴʣݣֻйңţе򣬽죬ҶѵҪնɱ
ӡ˿ɲľֱЩ˷׷ױãˣΨֱ˴սನ˺ǾСˡ
ƽܸǾޱˣԵĿԣѣû뵽Ҷսǿ˵زң£ѳ
֮ϣִӡǣ磬֮ƬɢϢһϤǴۼ
˿̣ﻹ˸֮Ƭһֱӱֻܵȵ˷ֳʤſˡ
˵ĿȶǣϣܾˣǾͿԹϷϵıֿƬ
׷߽ڽڰˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫѵ׷߶Ҫ
ǼĹ򣬸ӡ£׷ߴһ֮ϣų·һϣٴγ֣Ҫһӡ
ǣ
Ҫܲס˵ѣ紵أơ
ô
Լһѿ׷߷˼ĺ
ýˣ
ҶͻȻӡâʢһնأ·Ľˣ˿ǻƻ裬Ļƻ裬¡
ռһѿ׷ߵһˣÿһѪһڣɺɫѪҺѾȾ½
ղŻƾУΪζˣս˱仯ѵһʼҶԼʵ
˲²ⲻҶ㵽ʲôڶʱ֮ڣǿ
СӣҲù
Ҷˣ׷ɫͻȻǣԪʼ
ߣûлƴ
ҶܸԱȻҪɱҪɱĳףҶ㻹Ҫ壬ɷ


1112 ħ
׷߱ƵϣʼδȻԱķʽҶͬھ⻹ǵɾ
Ҷ˫Ŀ޾İ֮⣬·˳ΪһħͷŨħɢ
ɱ¾֮ܵҶħ⣬̾ϢһͻȻâʢԪעȥ֮⣬֮
ն
˺죬ɽХһݺݵĽ׷ѹԭأȻ޷Խ˵ɣһ˽١
׷ɫ䣬屻ѹԭأ޷ʹһ˿һ䣬ȻԱǾԪԱ
ԱԪѣԶһԪԱһ˿ʣ
һС׷ߴĻ꺣֮з˳ԪҲԪӤ׷һľ
ұ
ֲˣԪԱԱһɿɲܹҶûղŻ콣˲Ѻۡ
䣡䣡䣡
سˣò˭Ҳ壬ôˣĺû
꣡
һˣ׷ߵһΪʧȥԪ񣬱һǣ˲䱻ն
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
֮ϣһ׷ߣԪԱ֮󣬲һ˿Ҷ㡣
ɣ
޾Ľһŭʣʵϡ飬׷߳һٵɣˣܻųȥ϶ޣǱޡ
һжʧ٣ɾҲǲ֮ǽˣſӵԴԶ
£ҶѪѣִѺۣϧҶûнȫֻǰһٵɵԱѪսִѺۡ
ۣ
һѪҶפأɫҰףɨһȦ֮Ƭϡ
֣֮ƬȻҶֱӶָ档
ҿɱѾƣڶˣ
ͻȻһ˳ȥʱͻȻ֣Ҷҡҡ׹֪Ѿǭ¿ĵزˡ
ûһϣɱȡƬ
û˵ɾǷǸˣҶ㱻׷ɱˣǹȲ
׷ˣҶشɱĺʱ
мͬʱҶ㣬֮ƬǿۿҶȡıҶߡ
ɱ
ЩһѷĳҶûţһʵֻмվԭûж
ҶٴΣƽܻǾޱɫ䣬ϵĳ󷨣Ҷ㡣
Ϊ׷ˣûӡǣʼ˷Ĺ
ɱҶΧһҶ۽ɢɱ
Ҳħ˭ħȻǶҪΪħ̤ʯɣ
ҶͻȻޱɺ죬·һħѡ
СӣҪҪħȻһӶѹˡ
Ľ״󾪣Ҷ㾹ȻҪħǱЩ˴̼ˣһδεɱҶħҲҪ
ղų˾ŸԪҶȷ˵ƿ;ĵزּϳ׷ԪԱҶһƬꡣ
Щ˾ץסᣬ׼һٽҶɱ
ڵ壬϶ᱻķѣ
Ψһİ취ħ֮дԪʧȡ֮ŨħҶʵ˲ָ
˿ޱа죬Ҳûиղŵӡ
ħ
Ϊһаħħ򿪣ҶҲûκκɱ⣬ɱ⡣
վԶûߣҶһδ׷ɱȴΪȥȴߵ˽ס
ƽܸǾޱҲԭأҶħ֮У¶ʹϧ֮ɫǷŭ
ЩһҰģǣҶôѡħΪħ
ȻħҶ㼸ɥʧʶ꺣֮УֻһǾɱɱˣҪɱˡ
ɱˣѾΪħͷ
˲ҿŭַ쳹Ͽա
ûͣҶʧԭأɱ¾ʼˣɱ¾֮ɢâһɨӰ£ȫѪ򶼱Ҷɣ伺
ɱɱɱ
Ҷ״񣬳Ⱥ֮Уسɱκ似伫дӡ֮⣬ɱһ׷ֳ
ÿһγһ֮ϣѱѪǣǵ˵ѪȾѪսۣȻڿʼϡ
ħƺ޾ÿһοҪݽߣħͳҶ֮Уϵĳɱ
ʱһһ֮йȥѾһʬ壬аҶ
ֲ̫ˣ
ǺˣǱɥʧ־壬ΪţҶҪݽˣϾͻᵹز
ÿһγҶûκμļ󣬷ԽԽʢħʼҶ壬øǿ
һһǸ²һ֮ϣѪγƲʣͨа졣
ϣѪҶǰɱһҶ
ɱħԽԽأҶ꺣һȺ֮Уֱӳǰ
Ҷ㳯Լ󾪣֪ôģŵ䡣
ҶղžɿʶѸӡȻҶʧȥʶҲ塣
Ľ⣬ôˣҶ㶼ܱƵǰʧɫ
ѩһ֣
󣬻һŮʥŮˣվߣҶˣʥŮҲһ
ˣһЩʵСĳô˻ᣬӵһɶʲôʲôԴȣֱֵһᡣ
ǰǵĲ࣬ʱ˺սһЧֻǶ˶Էɱ¾ʱѡ
ʥŮڽڰˣԥһ£Ȼһᴩ壬ѵתԴϾԲ֮ɫ
㡭ΪҪɱң
⣬ΪŮˣ̫̫࣬ϧ칬ȡ֮ˮ죬Ů˾Ȼں󱳸һѨ
ɱ㣬Ҳлߣ
һֻųˣֱϣֱӷײҶ㣬ʱ䡣
ݣ顭
˵ʲô飬飬ǹƨΪ˻ǼҲԷ˵׷Լˡ
ʥŮһǰ˵ĲпᣬĮ顣
廯ΪһֱߣײҶ㣬ʥŮͣһԾ뿪սȦҪ˵ء
Ϊòֱ¶֮ɫȻ̰ǻûеĵز
꣡
屻ɱ¾֮һΪžֻʥŮ·ܿҪ˵ء
ߵıӰҶž޲ûһ˿أָһ㣬ָˣһɽͻȻʥŮͷ֮ϡ
㣬Ҫɱңҿţź㣡
ʥŮλߣϾ֮ʣΪ֮㵹񵶸ˡ
һ̣ˣݺݵһҺŮˣ̫̣ϧ
Ҷûб飬ֱָӵ¡


1113 
ʥŮˣΪһֱָ࣬Ӹѹĩһ콾
ûͬ飬ûȻоòЫĳò¶֮ɫ
ܼžһƬɱ֣ǧڲд治ˣҶնɱ
ƽܸǾޱ󷨣һʱҶ㡣
ݣ
ˣǾޱƽܻδɿɲĽˣֱӴ̴ǵ塣
ô
ƽЩ⣬ҶǶɱǾԶڿҲһʬ塣
Ѿ߻ħʶɥʧ׵ǰҲ޹˼ɵĳ֡
˸˴˵ǸϽ뿪ҶħΪħӴԺֻһûǣ޸顣
ҶʦܣѵǶʶ𣿡
ƽܴʹ֮ɫҶо֮ҶħҲܡ
Ҷ޶ԣûκθ飬ֻҪ˿ֱɱƽܵĺš
Ǿޱˣϱʮʹ࣬ҶΪǶȴ䵽ֵزаȥʮʹ
κҶ޶ԣվԭأֻйħ
磬㣬ȾҶɣҲҪħ
İߵӣϣ־ȾҶ㡣
ûõģħǵˣҲ޷־
εҡҡͷһ콾䵽˵زҲ̾Ϣһ
ҲţҲҶɥʧʶҪ
ҪܵҶǰ
ϧһֻ֣ǽһסȥ
ѩ磬Բˣ
¶ܾ֮ɫгֱӳԼ첲ն£նԼĸ첲ҲҪȥҶ㡣
ɣ
ѩ󾪣û뵽˾ǿԲУҲҪԼ
֮£ѩֱۣһԾֱӳ˳ȥҶ㱼ȥ
ڼٵĿ֮£ٵĳҶ㿿ƽܸǾޱһ㶣ѵ˲
Ҷ磬㻹ǵ𣿡
һҶԽԽŨɱ⣬Ƶÿһʮּѡ
ΪҶ㣬Իȥ˵ССɱѹơ
ԼҶȻ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫǺָܿƽȻɱȻ
Ҷ磬ѰѾˣˣϽѹɡ
߱߿ޣ޾Ĺذ֮ɫᣬġ
Ҷʹ֮ɫԽԽأƺһЩʲôһ
㲻Ҫ
ҶͻȻָһ˿һǺָܿԭ״ɱ⡣
Ҷ磬㿴ңǵһĻĻ𡭡
һ˶ΪһѺҶʱһɱԶѩ̾ϢҪֹѾˡ
ԼҶ˫ץԴƺʲôȴʲôҲ벻еļƺʧˡ
Ҷ磬ģ˶㣬ҲṼ㣬ҲҪһ
ȥ۽ǵˮһ߾ʬ壬һһǺҶԽԽ
Ҷܣʬ壬ǧߣ㣬ֲܷУֻܴ˶ѵ߹
ɱ¾֮ƺҪҶ㣬һѣϧҶ޶ԡ
ԽԽ˶һѺҶĿǿᣬŮ٣ֻҪᱻɱ
ɱ¾֮ɱ۳ɺҶ׼ˣʮ֮ңҶȫһ
Ҷһ˿ʹ֮ɫ棬ƺԥץԴҪǰˣֻһЩģƬΣ̼Ҷ񾭡
𣡡
ҶͻȻһŭȫɢŨҵħ˿ޱȵа
ߣߵԽԶԽã
Ҷ˺ѷεĺУղָһ˿סһЩ飬Ǻܿ죬ħʢҪռҶԪ񣬲κλᡣ
ǿ˲㽫ɳȥನɽˣһ˿Ѫ
ȻһЦȥǵѪȻŽŲᶨûκҶ㿿
Ҷ磬㽫ΣĶ䡣
һʼŲÿһ˵Ķһ£ΪŮһѺ
Ϊտ֮Ψ飬֮һ֣˿ƣˮͷɼ֮һ֣̫£̫̹ġ
ֳʮѹ֣ƽܸǾޱվڲԶΪżԣϣҶֵʱ򣬽¡
ԽԽֻ岽֮ңҶʮ֮⣬һƬյشʬ屻飬ֻѪ
Ҷ磬㵽ôˣѵҲʶ𣿡
ˮһλ䣬һʹ֮ɫȻڳҶ㿿
ɱ⣬ɱˣɱ¾֮Ҷ֮Уʹӣʱʱ¶а죬ƺž޴
ʱ·ֹˣվҶ֮⣬ĿԣˮһӶҶݵݣЩ׷ɱҶ㶫أ˲١
ħ֮У޸飬ܡ
ɱ¾֮ڲҶֱۿʼԪ֮УһڵħӰЦ
ɱɱħͷˣӴԺ󣬶һ޶ħ𡣡
һħԣҶղܣֱͻȻһɱ¾֮ˡ
Ҫ
ƽܻǾޱһУϧѾˣɱ¾֮̽棬һ˿Ѫ
ûʹ֮ɫɫƽųԼ壬һ˳ĺһ͸
Ҷ磬ѣҵѪԻ㣬޺
ĸҶգˮٴ˿оʹࡣ
ڻ˶Ҷɸһʼʮʹ࣬ҪУȴɤӷκܻԽԽ䣬ҶĮˣãˣžҵ

ҶͻȻҽһմѿԲףʬ廯Ϊҽ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
Ҷ㷢ŭʲ죬û˿Ը𰸣վĵģʹࡣ
ҶԴҰһ㣬ͳĺУڿŻ˶ˮȻ˳
Ҷʹӣ¶οЦݣ֤Ҷ㻹ǵԼûһ˿ź֮ɫ
Ҷ磬Ѱɣмˣѣ㲻Ҫ٣кܶ˵㣬ȥǣȥػ
ԽԽڳ֮ˣȴһ
ħҲһ˿Ҷʹˣãˣһ˿˿ļƺѡ
ΪΪˣΪ顭
ҶʣħҶ뵽֮УôԻǴ֪һ̣ƺˡ

ҶıͻȻЦЦᶼ˳˭Ҳ᲻Ҷ˿̵顣
Ƕôɵô޴ɱ¾ֻΪػҵˣҵļˣҵѣ
һ쳹񷣬ҶһڴĽᡣ
£ֻһӡ


1114 
Ƭգ쳹ĸ֣豯
ʹ˺ѣ·ĵ׷ͷųҶŭ𣬽Ľᶼĵ
Ϊħ
ħл꣬ħ޻ꡣ
ҶéٿԪͻȻųһǿ⣬·һöɫӣԪѿһ㳤Ҷ֦ɢҶ
ħȻл꣬ħȻ޻ꡣ
Ҷ⿪ħ֪Լ׷ʲô׷ĲػԼ˰ˡ
˼򵥣ֱף˲һҶȴơ
Ԫ֮еħƺöɫӣ֣֮Ȼ֮ǿ󣬲һ˿ʣҶ־־һ׷Ķ
ħڽڰˣҶߣŸͻȻȫ򿪣޾ЩߣΪķܣӿҶ֮С
ŭ֮Ҷ㿴Ż˶ٴ
˭˵ж᲻ᵯֻδʱ
ΪԼҲҪҶ㻽ѣݶ飬ݴ壬ἺΪ˵ľɽѹҶͷ֮ϡ

Ҷָ԰׵ףڿʧҶĽڻ᲻ϵ
Ҷ磬ˡ
ЦˣЦĺܿģһõõ壬ѤʣҪָҶգ˫ʹһ˿
ûˣ㲻Ҫģ㲻µģҲ
Ҷ˵
Ҷ磬ҪˣҲڣĲڡ
һǴŲõЦݣѪһɫԽԽҰס
㲻Ҫ뿪ң
Ҷ㷢ˣſҪ˯ҡ
ı˫ۣҶȣҶ㻳
Ҷʦܣ㲻Ҫҡˣ취
ƽѣҶղħ֮߳䲻ȫָԲ֪롣
ԶԶԣҪ
Ҷ㽫ڵϣóָıˣʲôҩݣֱ뵽档
ҶʦܣẦģ
Ҷ㲻ҪĽֵҩ뵽棬Ǿޱֹˣֻӿʱ䡣
Ҷһ̴࣬Щҩ޷ָҩ壬ĸ졣
ֻʣһҶˣ֪ξˡ
Ҷʦܣ룬Ͽĵҩ
ƽܸǾޱΪҶżҲвٵҩ׹ǣ⣬ȴܽһ
һ࣬ǴҲѽͻо鵤ҩſԡ
֮ˮˣϻ֮ˮ
ҶһԴˣԼϻм֮ˮڷҶ벻ˡ
ң
ҶƴԴѰңҵ֮ˮڣƽܻǾޱѰҵ֮УϾҪҲ֮ˮͻ᳹ʧȥʶ
Ҷʦܣǲ
ǾޱͻȻһƿһţɢŨ
û
ҶһץסƿһεУֱι
֮ˮ뵽棬ȴûϢȫ𽥱䣬೹ֹͣ
ȻҶһ̴໹ƺĽ׹ģƫ˹ûѨԵλҲ
㲻㲻
Ҷ˫סĿڣʼѹ˭ҲΪҶҲס
Ҷ㣬ʲôΪѾɱˣҲҪ
ѩ˹Ҷ㰴סزŭȡ
Ȼ֪ԼҶ֣ǿҶŭ졣
ȻûŮ֣֮Ҷģʵ
ѩŭ⣬Ҷ޶ԣ˫ֻڲϵѹﴵ

ѩ̲ȥˣֱӳ֣Ҫ
֣԰꣬Ҷ㲻֮ˣ
ƽܸǾޱסѩڵȵȣҶ϶϶ʲôĿġ
˼ʮ£ûкҶֱȭͷƴĴţһߴںﴵ
һԵѩɫ࣬ƽܻǾޱǰֲֻ֣ܳҧгݡ
Ҷ㣬ɱŵӣҾưոݡ
ѩվһԣŭĿӣ޲ȥ˺Ҷ㡣
ѣҲû㣡
ѩвҶ͸ˣȭͷӴĿ֮ϣ촽ҪӴС죬ﴵʱ򣬷С춯˶Ҫ˵Щʲô
ҶʱоˣֹͣѹԪ޸˵ĵط
֮ˮЩĵطڼϣ֮ˮʣһҲܽ˾Ȼ
ҶֹͣѹѩҲȥֿʼˡ
ˣ
ƽܻǾޱ໥һۣӶԷ֮У޾𾪡
ղǶӦˣϾֹͣΪֻˡ
֮ˮȻûĹܣˣ֮ˮҲûá
ѩˣԶЩˣ̫˼ˣ˵ˣΪҶǰѹܽ˾ȻҶʲôħ
ģҲġ
Ҷ㽫ҵһƬɾĵط§š
һյʱȥˣȻ˫ۣһϤ¶һ˿ɰЦݡ
Ҷ磬û뵽ˣܿ㡣
ΪԼˣһжΣȻҲԿҶ㡣
ɵѾͷûҲ
ҶһСӣ簮һɵѾͷҶһۿν
û
ЩţԼһ̴࣬Ȼû
û
Ҷᶨ˵֣ƽܣǾޱѩ˹
硭
ѩ֪Լû
ѩ˵ͷղǲҶ㽻֣ɫЩÿѵļһЦݳ
ɵѾͷ֪ղŶΣħܽǰװ
Ҷ㱧ֵǵ뿪ΪǳԼǰ
Ҷ粻ѣһŻʲô˼
ڣȻҶ㲻ѣôҲԹ޻ڡ
Ҷܸж˫ֽı˾ԭأһֱȵƻ裬ɿ
վӣЩ߶뿪ˣҶ㲻ħѣǶǶ֣ûȤ׷뿪
Ҫȥ֮أǼҪҡ
վ֮Ҷ˵һôҶԽܵİţҪȥ֮أǼԼȥ
Ҷ磬Ҫȥ֮أ
һ֮أһֱؾΣ֮أȥˣû˳ɹų档
û֮ұȥǲõģҲµġ
ҶҪȥ֮أȡܵõƬԼ⡣
ԣ̫Σˡ
ƽܻǾޱվֹҶòգħ֮߳ôȥðգ֮ء
ѾǲҪȰ˵ˣ˵һᰲȫĻųǲõġ
ҶѾˣĲغԺ·


1115 ֮
ҪֹҶ㣬Ҳ֪ҶԸһֱпգ飬˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ԭصˣƽܻδǾޱ˿ЦһƼܳҶӣƼ
߰ɣ˵һνɶĻҲȥմְɣϣֵܷһ
ѩؾֻǻȡ˼öûеõʲô󲿷ֶǳŽɶȥġ
ҽʱҲ˵ˣɶƺгļ󡣡
ƽܵ˵ͷؾбĵط̤ˣöƬҶһ֮֡
ʣµ޷ǾǵһЩĲϣ֮أû˸ȥ
мǧ˽ͲˣһθⲻͬΪɶԭ򣬲˽
֮أ
ðŲﲻӲʵ棬һ޼ʵ棬ʱʱðŰݣǵɾմˮпܱڻ
а֮أҶü֮ƺǱʲôرҶֻǸӦʲôö֪
Сӣϲڰħ
ҶʶȫָĽǴˣһ·֮ϣҶ˵Ц
ʱίˡ
ҶܸоԼħʱ䣬ûзԼϵĻѣͼԼѡ
Сӣղսʱƺŵ֮˵ϢҪСġ
ĽͻȻС˵ղҶ׷ߴսصϢ֣ĽӦˡ
֮ˣ
Ҷһͷˮʲô֮ˡ
֮ˣȻ֮ڵˣħ硣
Ľ׽͵
ҶǺͿˣ֮У˽磬ɽ磬ħ磬֮У磬磬磬ȵȣǶ֮ܳΪ֮ˣǶ֮ڵ
ôҶ϶֮ˣ
Ҷ˼·Ѿָν֮ˣӦ֮࣬Ȼͬ
ϢɢصϢ˽缫ٳ֣֪ΪΣô
Ľ׵սӴ֮ˣرС
ΣûϵԼˡ
ҶܿȻ̫ˣǲǳԼģҲûбҪȥǶԷ
Ľ׵ͷʾ⣬Ҳ˼֮ʮǿΪĹϵҪ಻֪ǿٱҶСΪϡ
Թĵ˲ħ壬⣬һƬʱգһֱҪռ磬ս

Ҷʹ֮޾֮УһƬ֮أ˭Ҳ֪Ƭ֣ҶֻײԵ
ʴӿҶǻ֮Уҷɵ̫ߣзƣֻܵͰС
Ҷ벻ãǼӰ֣Ҳվ֮صڴ
ʦ֣ǽȥ𣿡
εӳˣ׳ˣϴħõʵҶߣһˣһ𣬽ؾ֮С
ȥ֮ضпƣħ壬ûжãĴƬõ˵滹һرԾ춯أõڽɶı
׳˵ʵ֮ضûжĿƣԲŴðһԡ
ʦ˵ĲܵõöرħҲüˡ
˷׷׸ͣһ̤ɽ֮УȥѰҴƬԼ˵֮еرȥˡ
յʱ䣬һ˳֣͸аϢ·ߵ֮϶һѪơ
֮أױضܵõ
Ҳ˳ؾĿľѰ֮ı
Ӷӿ֮أðΣգдҶõֻܽĿ궢סƬ
Ҳ˲ģؾ֮Уɱ˶ᱦһĻĻҵɱ
ɱôˣҶֻǵõ׷ߵĴָ˵Ҷûüȡʱħû꣬һɱ˻Կǲô࣬Ҷһա
ǰµǹȥ
мһСĹµʮֹһ۾֮ܿģҲش򣬹Ƭ֡
ʹ֮Ҷڹµ֮ϣһƬž֮أʶɢȥµʮأʶȻ޷͸Զ·ʶ
Ϣ
Ľ׸ӦһоһϤζȻϢ
ȷ
Ҷһ䣬ͬСɣԼȡһöȱİ˱׵¶ⱻ˵֪
һǻĺ䶯
ȷϢʮ΢ӦôڷǳԶ
Ľȷ˵飬֮صϵĽ׵ȻܸӦĳ
Ϣӵ´ģӦڣܽµ¡
ĽٴθӦһָָͷŵϢǴӵ´ġ
ܸӦڵλ𣿡
µ󣬵ҲСѰڣǳ鷳ĽӦܸӦ
ܣǳߡ
Ľ׸Ҷ㴫ϢǴ洫ġ
ڴï֮УҶСܿ쿴ǰһư֮أƺ˽
ǰӦþͨڣҪСģӦҲ˽ҸӦ֮ˣҲ
Ľ׵˼ʵϣҶ뿪֮ˣԲҶܶԸǼȻܴڣ˽磬ʵҲкüٵңܾܳڼѹʹࡣ
İɣһСµģ
ҶߵʮСģܿ쿴һڵĶڳˣֱڿУڣļµĹ󣬾һͨδ֪Ż
ڵĶڣһ£ŻΪа񣬷·һ޴аħҪſڽɡ
ʶ˳ڵĶڽ룬ɢ⣬澹ȻһƬ޴գҶʶ̽ߡ
žΪ̫žҶЩġ
֮£Ҷ㿪ۣ֮ڶ濴ȥľһ㱩©Ҷǰ
ڵĶ棬Ȼһ磬ҲǴսģƬ粻Ǻܴ滹ϢƶԶʱġ
ףȻӰڴ׼˽ȥֱɱ
֮͸ڵĶ棬˽֮󣬲δ룬Ǳڣ׼ɱ˶ᱦ
úݵֶΣֻһȥ˲Сģױ͵Ϯ
Ҷ¶һ˿޵ɱܿ¶ЦݣƺʶǱڰеˡ
ͣʮʱ䣬Ҷ߽ڵĶ֮Уɱ¾֮ˣʶеǸˡ
ڶƳҶ˴ʮʱ䣬ǰſͨͷ
ͬʱҶҪ̤ͨһ̣һˣֱϮޱȡ
磬ףǴһ
һ˲䣬˷ϵ£ȫĽпɲɱ⣬޵׽Ҷǰ··
ˣͻһĻֻˣֻԴУⰵɱϵıҲᱻϴٵһɶ
ԵҶ㣬ɾ׷߶Ҷɱˣοһ˾СڰҶ
ģ֪㣬ɣ
ҶϢж˭ڰзһɱ¾֮ն¡


1116 ı
ڽؾʱҶͱ͵ϮһΣ
û뵽ٴγ֣ⶴֻҪ˽Ͱ͵ϮνĿ
Ҳû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼͷˣ׼ֵһ̣Ҷȳˡ
ըףըľĶĤʹеĽȫ
¡
˺ݺݵĳһһ쫷ҶΪģȻܳȥضΪ֮ζһЩƯϵķֱӻΪҽ
ȫ׻ȫͷһѿ̶һУͱÿѪһſڵϡ
ҶʵҪȽʱ˺ֹʮöƬʵӽһٵɾ
ղǰ׼ˣԪĲ벽ɾǵ֡
ûнɱҶߵǰ䣬⿪ĽᣬҶ֪Լߵ·ʲôػˣѰ۷塣
򵥵ȴ
˵ΪʲôҪεĴɱң
Ҷ͸һɺĴӳֵһƺԼ˫֮䲢ûʲôìܡ
੣СӣҪɱҪ㣬ôࡣ
һ¿ˮ̵ı飬ȻҶˣ϶ûųȥˡ
ûôˡ
Ҷʹȥʩչطþʹڵϣʹĺ
СӣɱңĥңҲ㡣
ѪĲҽһѿʹ࣬ǳܳܡ
ңΪŴδɱңһῼһ
ҶȻ䣬ҪɱԼˣҶû֮ģԼʵǿھĵ
ҶĮı飬ĳĬˣڵȷҶ㣬пܻĻᡣ
˵˵
ҶһŲȥһȻΪ࣬ʹľ鶼ˡ
ã˵˵ҡ
ЭˣʹҪ˻Ҫܡ
ȥϵĽƣҶ㽫ĴһƧĵطΪҶо˽ˡ
ڿ˵ˣ
ĶڵϣҶĿ˵ʵҶ㲻ֱѻꡣ
˵ҪӰ֮ǰ˵𡣡
̾Ϣһ˲Ƿ
ҶҲһ㶣֮ǰѵİ֮ǰҪɱԼ
ûдʾ˵ȥ
ħЩһֱҪ¶ħڵҫΨһİ취취ص֮УȻǵ棬ħڡ
˵һЩ޹ʹĻҶ϶Լйء
Ǹкιϵ
Ҷ㻹ʵ
Ȼйϵ֮УЩӸ޷룬Ψһİ취ϣȡʸϾʸһɱˣֱƿܣͻǰڲҲԽȥ档
ĿһҶ㣬֣ص˵
ң
ָǷڣ
ҶƺһЩԼڣҲ֮һڣô֪
ûǷڣ㱻ǿƣݼڣʱ¾ͷˡ
ûǵĿģҶݣ֮С
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Ҷʮֺ棬Լ׶δἰĴӺε֪
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¶һ˿аЦüĴðһɫӡǣҶͻȻʲô
ƷߵŮ㰲ŵģҲħˣⰲڼߣΪ˽ӽңҲǣ
ҶƷиŮüĴһ룬ɫа죬Ҷһֱɣ˲壬ڵʱƻֵòɢҲȥᡣ
û뵽ǣ֮㣬Լڰ֮ǰͱħˡ
ûСҰڰƻߵһӣӣħ岻
ûѣŮȷŵģΪ˾ǻȡʸɫֶ࣬β
ô£
Ҷ˽ȥħҪԼݣڣ취Ӫħ档
꣬󶥼ǿѹΪֹħɽѹĻħ棬Ȫ棬ʧȥ棬Ǽħ⵽һδϴЩӵӣֻмĿǾȳ档
Ľһһʮ˵˳
ħҰģ˵ö֮㲻˼ڸģȳħ档
ҶЦһħһֱǲ̱Ϊݡ
һɺԣħôˣǼȲɱˣҲ캦֮£ֻĹǲͬѣǾ͸ǹһħ֣ҲˣﲻͬˣЩνʿҰģΪ˵õħƽƭͻȻ͵Ϯѹ
ĴŭĺУħڲûΣ飬Ϊõһöɽ˵ǣ֮
ҶĬˣĿͺñһ֮ǰЩνʿΪԼϵĴƬһһεΧǵħк
һֱûħֻ֣֮֮
Ʊ磬ȻʵشҾһϣΪ֮
Ҷ˵꣬ת뿪¾ĹһˣȻܻܲųȥͿ컯ˡ
Ҷ뿪ãһȺµЫӳˣŲȱ壬Ҫ뿪ͷһĲҽ屻һȺЫӸûˡ

綷תƣҶ޾ĺڶ֮У˲ǰУ·йǿǣ֮ǰӰϺƯָ紩һƬ硣
ȵعһ̣һƬ
Ѫ񷣬ɫƲޱ޾أƬƴ󣬲򣬵ɺ֮ɫ
֮ѪɢأǾ޾ĲսγɵԶսУһϹ֮ζѪȶɱ¾
־ᶨߣпܱѪ֮ħʧأΪһѪķӣɸҶǰһаħֻɱˡ
СӣҪע⣬Ϲʱսսƺѹһ޴аħ
Ľ״ŽﾹȻϹʱڵս
ҶһתΪ̨ܵӰ죬һߴܣܿ죬ͲԶطȻһƬҵشս
ಣ
ҶʧԭأΪһĨ磬Ƭҵش
ɱ
ҵɱˣƣаħź
ɱ
һɲĵ⻹иֱַײĿĹâ쳹ʮء
ɱ
һӰ˽ȥû뵽֮صľֹҶһˣħ壬壬ҲѪ֮еǿޱȵ飬޲ڷսǰȥ
ǰһĻٲȻһϹսĻطţѪȷѪ䣬ɣɲĵأ֮⡣
ҶϵʱÿһĻĲϢҲһݣȫȫһ˿ɡ
ϹʱڵЫӣҲпܱҧ
Ľ׿һۣޱȾ


1117 ʥ
öЫӣÿµЫӣ
ЩезӣЩɱľҶһеһĨ𾪡
սУЩзͭһ㣬ÿһֻһ֮˫Ŀ죬ֻǿرһԴǯӣһ׶೤һ裬ˡ
ÿһ㣬϶ֳһζһɽƶʮֿ¡
Ϊ˵ǣЩЫϣһ⣬Ȼ޷ƿǵķЩЫ棬ɢһ⣬ָأɭȻޱȣնգǺӰ㡣
ΣÿһֻЫӶһޣЩɱײжԵη֮
⾿ǺεȵĴڣ
ÿһЫʵ˾֮࣬ǻȳһسѾżʮʬ塣
һֻ⼸ˣ϶֮ܽնɱضЫӣֻɢŨҽ⣬ÿһֻޱȣʱ̶ɥ
˶Ыӣǵ룬Ҳᱻеʣ
ǰľˣҺмУҶϤӰӣ޻ҵ̴ϪȻҲͻƾ磬ɾ
ɵŷҶҲһ֮ԵµĽ飬Ҷ㿴֮󣬸¶֮ɫ
мҶһȻħڵˣҲ
Сӣ϶Ϲʱڴսؿռ䣬ЩЫһֱЩóȻ룬ֱӽЫ˳
Ľɴ𾪣֮Ыӣֲ̫ˡ
϶ЩյϢرŲϧðգǿд롣
Ҷ²⣬ڻƺһ̨֪ʲôܸоɢֲϢ
ΪЩ߲ϵĳǾ̨ḷ̌ҵѪ֮Ũ˼¡
Щɱߣ֮󣬺ܿͱЫӲʳһգʬ޴档
ˣȴûڽ߾ȫǰȥ޷ܣѪ֮־ɱ״ħҲˡ
ߣҲȥ
Ҷۣ֮͸ҿռ䣬Զ̨ϣѾӰܶȻ˵ִⳬҶԤ롣
СӣҪСЩЫӣ̫䣬ǳȺûҪܿưһʱÿһֻܻɽȻʵ֮һҲС
Ľ׸ҶѣΪĿùһȺЫӣһֱӿʳһա
İɣзִ磬ЩЫȻǿ󣬵вҡ
Ҷ֪ĽǺ⣬мֻЫӳ
Ԫʼ·ħҪյļҶѹȥɫӣʱ޿̶ɢ־Ҷһ·
ն
ÿЩЫһն£һͷЫӾһΪǵ棬һöɫӣ񵤡
ץסҶֱӵħʼգдԪ編Ȼȱʤޡ
ǿķ֮ѹȾ֡
Ҷ㰵̾Ы֮ǿ󣬸ӵ編еĹϵ編֧ǵ
ƾһƲƵ編򣬾Ыǿ編ֱӽ磿
Ҷֻ룬һЩƷУҪ編Ҷֱӱűɽ編Ҷ㶼
ÿһЫӿҶ˿նɱһöһö񵤳ֱΪ򣬳⵽춴档
Ż춴ԽԽǿ֮ҶԪȣһ˼ĵز
ʲôˣΪǿ󣡡
ҶһɱһֻЫӣ˿˹ڵɾ˵ЫвǶ˾˵Ҫѵս
Ҷɱһֻֻֻе
ûܵĿ⣬Ҷץʱ䣬翿޴ĸ̨Լȥа֮ߣޱȾ޴һѹаħĸ
һ·ǰУҶ㲻գۼĹ򣬾̤׾룬ɱʮֻЫӡ
ЩЫҲ֪Ҷޱǿ󣬷׷˿ȥȥˡ
ҶͱޱɣӿǰĲ̶һյʱ䣬˸ӰӣӰڻζ֪Щʲô
ʥһѣЩҪˣҪǽ֮ǰը顣
ʥʮֽ棬һĺɫҺ壬ɢа֮
ɫҺʴ֮󣬷ķ𽥼ƺҪ
࣬Ⱦȳ棬һὫһȫɱ
ʥ촽ԽеĺɫҺ岻ϵĵ֮ϣӿٶȡ
ܵ˺ɫҺʴʼζ汬һ⣬ҪɫҺȥ
龹ȻˣǼӿ졣
ʥ¶Ծ֮ɫ꣬ϮӦͱʴˣȻһ˿
ߣ㻹һ˿кãʥƲȳ棬Ψһһλᣬʱʥ壬ԻֱͣӲƽ磬ռ졣
ʥһѾѹ꣬ǰһֱڣʥ޷ʱƣһ㱻ʴҲ˯
ԽԽʢЩɫҺ忪ʼʳȥٴֳ
ʥʥֻýЩҺͿĨ֮ϣȥȥӾҡ
һҶ㶼ӳ֮أҶҵһεĵطÿˡ
Ȼʥ壿
Ľ׷һȷ֮˭ˣȻʥ塣
Ҫʲô
Ҷ㿴һͷˮڲϵæµ
Ϲʱڣʥ巢һδսʥ汻ѹĳ֮أΪ֪ǳսʥܣӴ翪ʼٲʢ
Ľ׽͵
˼ѹһʥ棿
Ҷˣѵ֮ˣǰʥģ
пܣǱֹһʥһԸĿ϶壬ʱ˽磬ɽ磬綼Შ
Ľ״ž֮ɫʥޱǿ󣬵ս˽ǣʱ䣬ŻָԪ
һʥٴ٣Ҫѡ
㿪Цǰɣҵôֹ
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬Ȼغ˽ΣҶһֹ֮ˡ
Ľ׳ĬˣҶ˵û֮˼Ȼֵܵڵļѹʹʲô취Ҳٵҵʵ
ô죬Ǿȳʥ档
Ľ׼תȽи飬ϣδص磬ҪԺĿռ䶼ûˡ
Ǿ䣡
Ҷ㾲Ĵԭɨ棬Ųٱÿһ
ϧڶͿĨ˺ɫҺ壬Щ﷢ڼٵʧ
ҶһʹЩʥ忴Ǵ㳹׽𣬸ǰȡġ
ȻһöƬˣƬƯڸԵƬƫУƫƫʱ֣ʥʥ໥һۡ


1118 ʥ
ƬͻȻĳ֣ȷʵԭеĽ࣬ЩǷһʼ
̶̼ĹѾʮ˳ʥʥǣһ㶣ڿž޴ɢױȵϢⷨ˽粻ܻ֡
һ
˾ΪһϾûмʶʲôģɢԳԽ˰
ҹҵˡ
һ׵ӳˣ֪ӺζղŸЫӵʱûзִˣݡ
˿ʼӡʼ˿ʼƬ

ʥ¶ŨɱһɿֲϢˣҶ²ûȻٵɡ
ǵصƳļѹȥٵɣݣǶĴڣ˿̾Ȼˣôɫ䡣

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ϣûбҪ֪ô࣬춼Ҫ
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ʱŷֹΪʱʥ۽ǺˮһǣͻȻҵĻζʥһ䣬Ҳ뿪ԭء
䣡
һĺ¡а֮ߵȻһ޴ȱڡ
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ʥǣ㲻ģȳ棬ʥĹ
ʥŹâɢĺУʥԼ壬ɹըһȱڡ
ڱըһ̴̣Ϫθо˲ҶͻȻʧʶΣգҪӱܣΪʱ
ǿҵĳɳȥɲɣ䵽Ҷߣ˱ԪɢҲԶˡ
õ棬Ȼը֮£ֱը˵һˡ
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׳ϴαˣȻ֪ȻҾͳȫ㡣
һסҶħڵˣƬ׳ڱصãÿ⡣


1119 ֮
׳ʵǳȻûͻƵɾҲӽϲһĵɾǶ֡
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ҶϣʵʵƬҪ֡
СӣƬ㲻
ŵһãһžռݲˣûпѵûнؾ
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ҶЦһĽ֮󣬲˼ɣɱΪ˸õĻػԼˣǲԼҲͰˣȻˣߺߡ
ҶЦһɿɲɱϱ
ɱ
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ղƻҺʥԼʥʥ϶ŹԼҶҪսپ
һ嵹£ɾҶ֣οЩ˾һȺں֮ڣܿͱ䡣
Ҷҧס׳ˣħڵˣҶɱԾ󻼡
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һɨЩ߷׷׺һҶ˫ۣһ˫ʲô񣬿

Ҷһȣ˶ĤʹЩ߶ʱӴܡ
ʱһӰˣȻĳҶ󣬷·֮һ㡣
ݣ
һ֮гˣ׵ĳ֣죬̫ˣҶ㶼ӦȻ˶Լûзֳ

ҶһȣȻΪһͷһζ֮еϮΪҶԷȻ׼ǳԼע⣬һ
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˵ɱҵģǲ֮
Цĺܹ죬аϢ֣忪ʼ󣬱һ޴ѪˣҶѹȹ
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ҶʶȻףͻȻʧдӡˡ
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Ѫ֮
׼֮Уָ㣬ϳһѪɫĻεдӡֱѪĻ֮ϡ
ģ
ѣѪĻѿ׵屻ɳȥдӡأҲ⡣
ҵشøӻˣرҵĻζ·޴аħҪѣɢ档
߰Ҫըˣ
Щŵ÷׷ߣڶֻҶˣȻվԭء
Ҷ㣬ֽɫĿ£׾Ȼ˹죬ɱһдӡʩչһ޷ɱڵĵƳ֮ìǰ˱ˡ
ȿȡ
дӡһҲܣ⵽һЩˣԼϱøɺ죬е֮һ裬ʧԭأҪʼ͵Ϯˡ
ҶоͷƤ飬ľ͵ϮӽؾʼѾ˺ü͵Ϯ
һΣ׵͵ϮȻҲԷټܲһֱɡ
ۣ֮ȫ򿪣
һֱҶ㶼һ˿ۣ֮ⱻ˷֣һΣҶüĻֻ۾֮ȫ򿪡
ü֮УһɫĹâȫҶ㿴һһ硣
εԪأз򲨶֮йһһĳҶǰ
ÿɨһطһųΣοһ塣
ͻȻҶ㿴һѪ䶯¶һ˿Ц⡣
֮⣡
Ҷֱʩչ֮⣬춼ףѪ


1120 깥
ۣ֮ܿһѪҲһֻ֣̫аںаһ֣ɵһλа
֮£һ㱦Ҷǰ׵ǻ֮Դа֮ѪȻҲС
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֮е벻ԼѪ㣬Ƕ֮ܲ۵С
ѪҶ֮ҲڲϵؽҪѪҪ졣
ܿɲ׵֮ײأһӰ˳ɢ޾Ѫ֮γһѪɫ棬ûǳ棬һüԴĳӡ
аĳӣƽÿһֻӶԴа壬֮ռ䶼ڻ׳棬֮ı塣
ʵԽԽǿ󣬳ӣܲ򵽸زֽܷǧֻӣ֮ᱻڻһա
żʮֻ޴ĳӣҶҲһǾ£ֻû뵽ӾȻǿĸʴ
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ɱһˣնһͷаĳϣԴֱըΪһ⣬һֻӱҶɱ
Լı屻Ҷնһȱڣ׷ŭĺУٿЩӷĳҶ㣬ȫǲҪĴ򷨡
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дӡ
Ҷŭ֮£ٴʩչдӡһЩӣһըˣϿʼ䶯Ȼ
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Ľ׸Ҷ㴫ͨ似ɱ׳棬Ψһܿİ취֮ۡ
ΪҲ֮۳ͫȱ֮⣬ûпܡ
Ҷ뵽ˣЩûǣֻ׿ƣͫȱûá
ںú룬ĻԴԶֻͫһ֡
ĽҲͫǳǿ۾ֱܿ꣬ӵۣ棬ȼ
ҶһߵֵӣԷٵתҵѪİ취
ˣ깥ѪȻܹı壬Ҿ͹ꡣ
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲô仯ֻҪһѪ
Լֱ꣬նɱͷǳ֮ѡ
͸֮Уҵ׵ı壬ʩչ֮
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֮ͻȻһɫâֱ׵壬ޱȣ׸ûзӦĿܡ

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Ҷʮְ˵ױҪӵĺǣҲҪնɱ
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صһ̣һˣֱը棬һ޴ڶڣɢϢһֱѹ档
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Ľ״ʧɫɲϢʼɪɪ
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ʥҶȫˣȻԷΪƳƣʧ˴ҲٵҵʵҶҪɱǳ֮ѡ
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1121 ʥ֮
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ٵɣʵҪһٵǿʮѾٵɷ򣬿Ե֮ΧҶ㡣
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ӡһضΪ֮ζɽɽӣһϢ
ǿ
Ҷ㰵ľѹжʮּѣ㹻ǿѱ񱩵ѹԭء

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ۡ
һѪҶ㶨ԭأ޷ǧˮӡʥһǿţʥȻãһʩչԲ·⵽˽

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1122 ޱȿֲ
ҵش˱ɢ⣬䲻ƣǾԷǳǿа֮ߣɢ֮
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Ҷɾֻһ֮ңһ֮ңס˶ˡ
ЩԴҶ㲻ͻƵɾϵ˻ˡ


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֮УɳһȺ񣬱ҶɢϢŵ÷ɳȥ뿪µ
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ʹҶԸȥҪȸղҪʹʮ


1124 
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ɵǷģҲҿҶޱǿ󣬲ܳסɵ
ǿϧҶ̫һʮ֮һҩЧ޷գʮ֮һҲܳ׸Ҷʡ
һ˿˿ڵʴҶųɢȳ
ղŻǽļ渲һѪ裬ЩǸղˣЩҶѪ
ЩѪڲһ㷢ֲˣǶëϸѪ棬˺ڣͻ谭Ҷ
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ڵͨҶûκԥֱ˽ȥڵʵںڰĻҲڵסߡ
ʶɢȥͨ඼ǼӲʯڣ̻·䲻Ҳܿһ
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ҶֱͨͨĽɶ֪ʲôĿǰΪֹҶ㻹ûпһ
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ʮţѹɽţһΣҪԴʮһٿزſԡ
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һ޴ĻޱɱһȺڳ˽߽֮С

һȺ˳֮УǽڣȻǴ쾮룬ŻӦöӦǽֱ֮ӿ֮С
м˳֮Уһס壬ɵһɵ㶵վԭء
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1126 
֮УտյʨɫĶܵγˮ˵ϸðһŨɱ
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ϣԷǻ񣬷·Ҫ̴Ҷꡣ
Ҷ㣬Ҳ²ĹȻûؾ֮ԿȽ˽ɶ
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ǸҪлˣһ˵һ䣬㻹ǸñͱɣܵܵȷǱɱġ
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ȫһʵһɱѾΣҶ㾹Ȼǲ顣
Ҷ㣬֮ǰЩᣬҲˣܽǱܣҿԱ֤㰲ȫĻųȥ
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ջȽϴҶ㲻ܽκһ˶ŹΨԪߣɾʵռ
Сĺˣϧ˲ϲ˱ǷԼ̤ʵ
ҶСɫһ䣬СϵɱŨˡ
Ī̩û˵Īһֱܵõãòǿ
Сӣ˵ڻǵʱ򣬾͸Ӽֵòɿܽҿ˵壬ӼҵĶԹһʹ
ʨһЩ֪Ҷǰ͸ӼжԹ
ƾһ֮ʣӼҾͷҵ׷ɱ
ҶЦһӼҹӶ֯ɱ֣֯ڲһЩ飬ԼܰȻĳɳ
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ʵҶͿˣЩ໥ɵȻͳˣһƼˣǿ϶ɱԼڷ
СӣҲһ𣿷ҽһ壬Ҳˡ
Ҷ㳯鿴˹ȥҲǾʶˡ
̶̼꣬û뵽Ҷֳɳ˵زҽ˳
龹Ȼ˳ˣ˵ϣѵľΪ
ڳֻҶ˱ȽˣҶ֮ˣֻнһ֪ղҶ鴫ϣҪݡ
Ӧˣһ㣬Ҷ³ŵܰȫ뿪óýһʱ䡣
Խ˳֮ͬˣϧҽԲԲ˳һĻ
ղŻˣתֻʣˣֱʨСĪ̩һԪҵĵɾ֣һֱû˵
˵ĪҲʵѵĪҲһϵı
Ҷ㳯Ī̩˹ȥһˣҶаսʤɾֻҪ䲻⣬նɱˣʣ¼˾ͲΪǡ
ҶֵĻҺΪѣĪҵȷϲȻҶô˵ˣĪ̩˳ϣܸҶֽѡ
Ī̩Ȼ˳ˣٴʼϲ
ã첻Īҽˡ
ջ֮£Ī̩Ĵȣò۷Ī
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1128 
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ʮֹ죬͸ѹ֣ѹƵ˴
˲˵ѾһУɱҶ㣬ϷϵĶ˶ѡ
ģȥɱˣûض
ԪһɾԪصĻһΪ˰бСһؾ֮С
ǣ
˳һƳҶץ£־֮ƣռһݣм򣬳һƬյش
Ҷ¶һߣ⣬һϣĴֲһһҶȫаɱ
֮Բ֣Ϊǲһˣ໥ڲ¼ɣԪҳˣҲ˳ֵ׼Ҷһᡣ
ʨҲһֻҪĻɱҶ㣬Ҷ塣
ֻվһԣ£ɢɲɱ
ĵһƣҶ˷ֱۻдӡˡ
ǺԪУƣһ֣Ȼ֡
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һֹ̣ر򴩵ľȫ߸˵֪Ҷһƣ֮ϣƸң֮ƣû񷡣
һħ٣ƹͷųϢѹԼʵļ¡
ҶһһɽͻȻأָӡݺύγһž޴״ץ¡
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ҶͻȻսĵ屻Ȼܶʲôΰ֮
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һ֣Ҷûκγɣ֮䣬նɱһɾ̫гˣڳÿһ顣
رǽĪ̩ЩţҶһоͿɱɾʵǵ֪ΧҶ֡
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ս˷񣬽첻ҶڲǺңһ˾ߣֵֶܵ
츳ݲ飬ÿһ˵顣
ն
ɱһɸӿµˡ
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ʽ
ѧȫ뵽ʽ֮Уɱ⣬۳ɺ񣬴ݿࡣ
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ʽ
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˿ҲܵҶĿ£أ׷óǿǺأʧȥ˹ʣ١
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ʽ£˵ٴαˣ޷Ҷ㣬Ҷһ֣εվԭأ˹ȴ޷ֺ
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ʽ
Ҷʩչռ壬һʽʩչ֮⣬ǰʽҶȫʩչ
һʽǰʽܺͣһʩչǾ춯ء
ޱȵʽˣɫ䣬һһٵɷ룬ǲ⣬Ҷ㲻СС˾ôǿ似Խ˵ɾԪ
ǰ˼⣬ϧû˻ǽͣҶ㲻ᣬ˸ᡣ
Ϊ޾ĺʽ׵סϢǱ޿ɱܣֻеֵߡ
Ҷϣǿܷ


1129 
ֲʽ֮ŭϯ˵εѹԭء
𾪵ĪСˣʲô似ûмҶֲ似ʵɽ磬Ҳֹ
־£ɫСʱ䣬˼Ϊ˾ǽգȴû뵽Ҷĳɳ֪
ʨͻȻǣѪ֮УȻһ˿ϹŵϢУֵҶ־
ɣǰҲСĿ˵ǶǷˡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
˵ɣһڿѪȾ˲񷣬Ҷоһݽߣʩչ߱ʽҶ󲿷Ԫ
ɱʧɱ¾֣̤֮֮ĽŲʹ֮ˣףҶǰ
ŴҪɱңû뵽Ҳн죡
Ҷž޲ɢŨɱ⣬ɱһˣձˣδӦͱҶһնɱ
һɾһ򣬻ʮӣһ¶־֮ɫ
һ˽ܣʧȡԷĴָʹ֮һҶʨǰɱ⣬Ǻˮһʨ岻ϲ
СӣҲҪ汳ġ
ʨͻȻǣѪͣѪ֮ʨ򵥡
ߣƾ㣡
Ҷһţзӡˣһʨԭء
ɣ
һʨ⽴Ĳ
һз̫죬˼άϣ̶ʱ䣬Ѿɾ
Сɫ䣬˶Ҷ֣ʣˣҶ׸
һɨСϣ͸޾ɱ
Ҹԩ޳ƫƫҪأû뵽ְ֮ɡ
˫һöǰʨɱ£лһƴ
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ϽңҿԱ֤ɽһλãʣɽ磬ǳ飬ûпɽɽ磬ҲѰ·
СգϣҶ֪ˣԼɽ̸ǿ󣬵Ҳһĵλ
Ҷüͷһ壬ڿٵ˼ɽ綼Ҫȥδȥ͵һˣȷʵЩֵ
Ҷ㣬ɽ粻ô򵥣˽ȥ֮󣬻⵽̲飬һͻᱻնɱɽĴڣ㿼ˣҿԴӦ㣬ɽ磬ҿԱƽ
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СûأҪ٣ԭΪ˶٣ıˡ
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СС֣Ҫ
ΪһᱻһԴɱЫҰ㣬ͻŹң㵱꺢ͯ
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㡭
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ʲôңǽ춼ҪҹɽʲôλڣҪΪˡ
˱ˣֱСͷϣɢ⣬ֱӱѹԭء
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Ž龹ȻڵأһϣղҶӦԽһһ죬ѵ˱
ֳɱ¾֮Ҷ㳯˹ȥ
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㣡
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㲻ɱ
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Ϊβɱ
Ҷ㷴ʣ꣬սȻ
ûʸ֪ΪҪ
ϹѩеĳȻʧ˼֮õϹѩ˿Ҳˡ
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ҶЦϴϹѩɱԼҶͲףû뵽ֳˡ
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˶ԻͷΪͲʶϹѩ
ܸ𣿡
ҶҪ֪ɣԷԵ޹ʵɱԼ
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ֳ˲ȴҶ˫۽ĶͻȻð꣬峺ݣһͲаҲɱ֮࣬Ǻη
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Ҷɫ侲ɱ¾֮ɢ޾֮⡣
սһ̱ȼһĪ֮սҶȻǱڵвҪϹѩһֱǱڰʱ֡
ɱ
˶ý֣ܿսһϹѩʵȻҪҶ㻹Ҫǿһ
ʲôʱһˣ
Щ߶¶֮ɫҶͻȻյһЩϢϹѩ˭һ֪·ƾճ֡
˶˾ȴҪȵɾҪǿձһ򴩣˴ӵ֮ϣ֮ϡ
ķ򣬶ϹѩûпãɵķС
Ѥ似ųʹ⻪գ˭Ҳκβ˶Է൱
дӡ
޴ӡˣֱӳϹѩѹȥ
пգ
һ޴ճˣֱҶоԼƷҵ¶ȣȻҪڻ
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ҶһԼдӡ˲䱻߽⣬ֱ˼顣
ʵҷǳ˽⣬ƾЩ似ɱҵġ
ϹѩһΪһߣֱȡҶ׼
ָ
Ҷ㲻ţ似֯һ𣬵ɾɱüˣȻɱһ˾


1130 ؾ
žָޱȾ޴һɽϹѩѹȥ
һޱȾ޴ĽɫӡǣɢĹԣҲɼ似ޱȡ
С
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˼ս˰ȻĽ׶ΣҶ㲻κιϹѩƺǰԤϵõжϣһʱ佫֮⡣
һʱȥˣѾƲ֮ϣϿȥǺڶձ˴ǧٿס
ɱһ
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һɽ֮ƣ̤Ǭ֮֮ռ俪ʼһݡ
߽
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ݿ϶似Ϲѩʲôÿһα仯Ҷš
˱
Ҷʩչĵƣ似ǵ⣬ϹѩƵΨһĵƣǰ˱ˡ
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ʧҶ䵽˵ϣƽܵΧ
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ֳǣһƽǽ죬ȴ
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Žȥˣֻǧ˳ʮ׷¶֮ɫ
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ʮĿˢˢľۼҶϣɱ⣬˿ء
Сӣɱҵӣʧҿ㲻
Գһɷ˵õɾֱӳһ֡

Ҷŭ׼ؾ֮Ϊ϶˶棬Ҷ㲻ڡ
ǵصƣҶȫûУԳݣһ
дӡ
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ԣΨһİ취֮ƣնɱһˣͻ˼ɵ׶֡
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Ҷľ£Գо˾ʲôȻڵɾ֮ϡ


1131 Ƽڱ
˭뵽Ҷ㲻СС˾Գ֣˶ĪûȻ
ڴʹϧʱдӡˣֱӽԳѹԭأΪһֱ࣬ӱˣԪԱĻᶼûС
ǿǿᣬ޼ɵ棬˵ɱɱ
˭Ҫģ
ҶһɨÿһϣɱȻȻڳʮ棬ȴûһ˸ǰ
һǲһ飬˰ʹֽšڶƼһһ棬Ʊ꣬ʵС
Щţƽʱʱ򣬶ǹĶǣǰǲܸ˷ڴԼС̡
ǲҶ֣ҶƣɱȻ˲նɱˣѾЩ˶棬ɱһˣͼһв
ؾ֮УԹǱ߾֮ƼҼȻȡ˱ӦУء
ƱȻվ˳Ҷ㱣󣬾жֵĻᡣ
֣Ҷ뿪ǿ϶ģһҶصƼңȡܣţһַƼҡ
˼ҶͿЦҰԼ˵ϣҶ㲻ΪС
ŴҲ˵һƼڵӣ뿪ԭأ˻غֳǡ
һ뿪Щ濪ʼ׷׸ŻǼ崫ϢϢ̫ҪˣҶȡһö⽫Ҫݵĸ֡
صסƱɫȻأ֪ƼҽҪԵʲô
Ǽһͨطͻؼ壬ںֳǿ϶ˣǾ뿪
ƱʶӦһ£ƼסѱΧˮйͨЩ˿Ҷ㣬ȵԮ
ǾͶлˣ
ҶҲ飬ںֳǣȷʮΣգص壬ȫϵӡ
ʱ䣬ҶҪһĻֻҪͻƵɾˣҶ㶼η塣
ԣҶ㲻⽫ʮųײ
ص壬ȡ㽫
Ʊĳ˵Ҷ񣬲һģһƽȵĴڡ
ƾҶһɱɾƱ̬Ⱦͷ˱仯ҶѾһͨӣһնɱ
Ǹҽ
˵֮ƱҶ˽һƬ֮أƺ룬·ǶĿռ䡣
һƼ⼸ŽģܴͺԶ뿪ˡ
Ʊͣһ׵Ĵܽ˴ʮ֮⣬͸Ҷڳʱˡ
л棡
ƽܵ˷׷׸лںֳǣȷʵΣ̫һԮ϶ṥʱ˭Ҳ뿪
ʱ뿪Ƿʲô
ƱƼһжʮˣ׷߽֮Уһ⻪˸Ʊķ˴ƷʯҶʧ
һĵشҶһ֣һɫҰף׵Ĵ󣬲˶ܳܵѹҪĴǿ
Һڳ֮ˣǶ֣һأ޷ܣͱռѹˡ
ʱ߰ɣ
ƽһ֣˿ٳƼҸȥ
˿̣ƼҲյϢ䣬ƣԼƼҸɽ壬ؾѾЩϢֽмһÿһ䡣
һӿƼҳˡ
Ƽҷһݵ飬ƼϼͻȻȥڶ񻯣ƼңʧȥĹһʱ䣬Ŀʼɢ
©ƫҹ꣬ƼҵԶԶô򵥣ϼȥĵڶ죬ɽ壬ӶʮϣȻˣŶԷλ
飬һ磬ʱƼ£Ļ̡̻
֮ϣƶף𵶵棬һɨ˶ͷƵ˫ۡ
ӽ쿪ʼ佫ƼҼǿʲô
ʮְԵҪɣǿѡ񳼷ҲѡһΪ
ܣЩûʲôΪǼɽͿȥˣǧɽӵƣΪƼ¼һƼңӻԻ͡
ǧսµĳͷѾ˿ݹȣվڴ֮Уָֻš
ˮҲ֧֣
֧֣
־֧֣
ɽ壬Ѿɽ֧֣ӶʮϣƣֱǰδУ÷·岻ԸȥֻʣײŽˡ
ƣñɵֶΣƼҵ㶪ˣΪһ֮λƼң£ڵĻɢ㵱˼ƼҵĵλҲһǧɡ
ײվ˳Ȼһ𱬵Ƣ
ϵܣѵ㲻ң
ЦеĿײһֱĸ˿϶ܣ뵽ˡ
ҵȻεºܣ֮λʹһЩֶζѡ
ײˣżһΪҲԸ⿴˵
ȻˣҲǿ󣬽ײӡҿԴһְ֮
ǰԵǿƣߣҪҪܿȫı˼ʮ꣬ԸԳ
㡭
ײû뵽ƾȻ˳㣬ΪĿģֶΡ
ƣƼС綼Ὣ壬ٲ֮ء
ײŭ˸ɱ
ǾͲ㵣ˣƼһ᲻˥Ҳֿ֪Կ϶ƼҲ죬ֻøǿ󣬳Ϊݵһ
ʮŵ˵
˲⣬ƼҾڱ䣬ԪˣҪʮָܻΪ˵֮ƼҽΪݵһ壬ѵƼһʲôܣ
ڳ֮ˣƼҺ֮ˣƼʲôܣǱκ˶
Ѿ֪Ƽҵӣؾ֮УȡһöֻҪӻƼҵĵλȻܳΪݵһ
ǧɽվ˳ҶȡϢȻѾ˵Ķ
ӴҵעȫתˣƼԺ׳˭ĲҪ
ֻҪԴܸһУ˭һ˿ʼˣҪ£ƣϣԺչˡ
Ҷ
һֱһԣƣɫǺܺÿ
еѡ𣬽ҿԸһܸߵλãΪδƼҽӰ
ʮţܸҶģһԸ衣
ƣȰ㻹ǸϽ֣Ѿ֪̫ͨϳϣڱ䣬鷢̫ϳȨſԵѡ
ȻռκһߣƼҳô飬ҲʹΪȨֵС
̫ϳϣɫڱ˱䡣
Ƽһ̫ϳϣǵ棬Ʊ֮⣬һֱСҪƱͬ⣬Ʋϵļ
İɣ̫ϳһֱ£ֻҪΣ壬κ顣
ǧɽ˵̫ϳֻƼشΣŻ֣ƽʱ򣬶ǰ


1132 
Ƽҵڱ䣬һʱ䣬ƽϢһЩĸ׷⵽ѹЩ֧ĳϣҲʼܿʵ
һϴȻУƼҵ棬ѾΪѺϰˣƵֶΣ˵ñݡ
ΪȨֶΣų켺˽̡
ݣҲʼ֮ʮǧ˸ֳǣƼ֮ߵһɶƱʧˡ
ǰػֳΪʧûбҪˡ
ˣǾȻˣ
ԪˣԪҼʮˣо棬Լкֳػһˣһ档
⼸˴뾫ʣµļ棬Ԫң͵Ϯ
廹ţ࣬һοǻ߳ݾԶ֣һãѵһĳ
֮ҶڻصƼңһ룬ͷղԣٵӿǣ¶֮ɫ
֪Ҷǻһʱ䴫ƵĶټڷǰʼ۴¡
Ҷʦ֣룬ϣȥһˣ
һ洫ӳˣסҶˣȥһˡ
Ҷƽܵ˿һۣ֮УɻΪƼղԣȴ˵
Ҷʦܣȥһˣ
ǰǸӣֵܣ໥ɱҶȡһöѱ˰ж֣ϾҲһ顣
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ƽܵ˵ĺ⣬ʲôΣգԸһȥʲôһ𵣵
лʦ֣
ҶҲûоܾ˿ܲƽƺʲôҪһҶ˵
˵꣬һ˿ٳȥҶֽŵԽԽأƺǱڵΣڿ
ףһǸ׷ʲô飬ѵ֪Ҹ׵Ĺϵ
Ҷӿ˽Ųһ֮󣬳֮ϣƼҺ֮ˣˣһЩϣ档
ϰٵĿˢˢľۼҶϣҶһɨʱһɱĵɢ
Ϊף֮λŲǸףǸ׵Ķơ
֮Զݡ
Ϊϼ񼲣䱻Ż˼崫Уӵн֮λУһʮʹ飬侳ʵӲĳ˴С
һ壬ԼĴУϾǿ󣬷ʵԪڲƳɽʬһ˿󱲳׿Խ֮Խƽ⣬ʵǿй䵽һ档
ڼ񹦣ܶ廹ţȻЩа񣬵Ϊ˼壬ҲǲѶΪ֮Ϊ˾Ǳʵ
֮ڶ̶̼֮ڣʵﵽɾǽƼһĴУǿннյĳɾ͡
ڣ֮λŲǸףҶ뵽һЩ顣
˵Ҷ㣬ƽܵҲһãȻƺʲô顣
ӭǻ
ƴλվһЦ⣬һʮѺõĶӭҶ˻
ʲôˣȥˣ
Ҷ㲻࣬ѹ˻ʵ
˵˵
Ȼƽܵ˻洫ӣؾ֮УʵǣѾԾϼһ֮УԸȼ磬Ʋò
˵
Ҷվԭأһ֮Уɱӣ֪ˡ
⣬Ҳ¾ƼңҪΪᡣ
ƼңҶûжٹУҶ֮ˣƼң޷ΪףҪǸ׶ˣҶ㻹ıҪ
СӣԴ㾹Ȼ飬Ͻллμ
ǧɽվˣҶһֱǵжԹϵҲǺܺá
μ
Ҷ￩һ£ķչԼ
֪ϼȥˣ
ҶԽԽ䣬ɱ⿪ʼ
Ҷ㣬԰꣬ؾ֮еǶˣȡһöǼش󹦳Ϊ˽ҿΪ״ӣΪһ
ƻĳ˵ϣҶ
״ӣʲô
ҶƢڱŨҵĻš
󵨣㵨ҶԼ˵ѵҪƼҡ
ǧɽͲסˣһֱסҶ㣬ֱ֮ӽ֮ɱȡҶһδξܾ̲סˡ
ѣҿѵǰɣңȥˡ
Ҷʵһɱֱӳǧɽ˿
Ѿˣ䲻֪ôλͣҲ䵽֣֮ȡҶ㣬ʶʱ񣬽ǰĶԹǿһʹȻߺߣ
ǧսߺߣ˺ܶ˼ȻҶ㲻ǿ϶뿪
ƽܵû뵽ƼҾȻô飬ҵȴǵģȻһӦ֪
׻ûֻǱҶһҲ
ܺã治Ϊ˼֮λֵУΪԴͨӶᣬҴ۽硣
ҶЦˣЦĺܲãƼҳġ
ȻˣҲͲš
Ҫʹ̤ȥɣ
ҶûвԼ׵Ĺϵʱ׻һ֪ǿ϶ø׸ԼĹϵвҶ㣬
֪ôȻˣҽɱ㡣
ǧɽҶ֮ǣΪ֮ãͺ͸Ҷˡ
ĻᣬԽһ
ɣ
ڴ˿̣һˣȻػںֳǵƱҲص˼塣
ӭƱص壡
ʮģƼңֻ̫ϳϣ䣬һ棬ܵõĵ֧֣ƵĵλҲӡ
ߣǶʲôΪҪҶ֡
ƱҶϣõıӣû뵽嶼Ҷ⣬Ʊôܲŭ
ƱԶ֪ԭίϢ鴦ˣڻӭ档
ǧɽƱ棬ʮֿϾ˼ǵɾ벽ɾԶ
Ʊ棬ϣͨԼʵ˭Ҳ׼棬˭棬Ҫ
Ҷ˵꣬Լɱ⣬˼Ʊĺˣֹһɱ
ƱһҶ˼ƼҰҶ͸ˣ˴ŭ⡣

Ʊ֪ҶĿֲҶ˾Ȼ֪˵ʲô
ƾЩˣҶһնɱɱˣƼһΪ塣
棬㿴˰ɣ˲֪ôȻҶײ棬ﵱ
ǧɽٴվ˳ɿϣƱֽܳҶɱ
룡
Ʊŭһ˳ȥǧսֱܵӱˣһѪҶ֣ƱһƷǧɽ
ͻı仯һֲƶʮ⣬ΪͻȻѣҶ㡣
ڳֻƽܵ˱ȽƱֻϣȫƼңҶ֣ʬҰȳˣҲΪ˻һɱ¾


1133 
˵һۣΪƱϻ϶Ƽڲ飬˭֪ͻȻֽǧɽˡ
ҷҵΪҲŹ㣬ҸһΪҳͷ
ǧսܴ˭뵽ǧսܵĸףҲ̫ϳϣһֱСʱλ涼յϢ׷׳ء
㸸ֱ࣬Ƽҵĳ裡
˵ǧսܵĸףƱ˿壬Ƕǵ棬˭Ҳκβ˭
Ҷǰ࣬ʲô
Ʊһ䣬֮ϣĵӰӣƼ̫ϳϡ
ףȾȺ
ǧɽԳƺֳˣһ㼦Ƥ
ǧɽĸף˳ߣǧǰͳڼλǳ֮ߣҲƵĵɾѾﵽٵɡ
һû֧֣Ҳ˳䣬ΪƲһٵɣ侹ȻͻƵ˶ٵɣһı
һ飬ϱԽԽ䣬Ʊֺ飬ֱӷϳǧɽнǶٵɣҪ޸ܡ
ٵɳ֣ݣҲҲٵɣǽ
ƱúݵֶΣҶкγԹΪҪֶԸһ
ߣأҲ֣ĸң
Ʊ˵ʵҶ֣ǧɽѾһʬ壬ΪϣԹӲл
ǻĸлˣ
վһ֮ɫǧսӣڷˣԺҲϾôܲŭ
ֳϢʮΣƼҷ飬˭ҲԸ⿴ģѾ£һ̫ϳڲ磬ƼңһĴ
ףɱǸСӣϻһףһҪõ
ǧɽ˵ҩָ糹׵䣬ָҶ㣬˵Ҷӵ顣

ֳһƬڣС߳ɾ׷¶֮ɫǿûյϢ
СӣϿ
߳ҶҲ˼һƹܣУһ㲻ʹá
ڶһиƹܣǿԳΪݾĴڡ
ѵҲͨϵ
Ҷ㰵䱸ٵɣȻǿ󣬵Ҷ㻹η壬ƾһɱڻ֮أͿɱʥѾȣʵࡣ
ʵʹ㣬Ҳ޷߶ǰҿԼ̡
߹Ȼ¶ԼҶ㽻
Ҳأ
ҶȻЦ⣬ϵɱ⣬ȴ
ƽܵѾ˵ԶҶ⣬һս²ǣˣҶɨһȦƵĸȫɱҲƽϢҶеŭ
㻹еѡ𡣡
߼ǳ˵׻˵һˣһţǻһѡ
Ȼеѡ񣬿ɱǣѡ𣿡
һɺХҶǻ֮УҶ㲻Ӱأɱ񷣬ҺѹŲɾѹ塣
ܺãǵһô˵ˣƼҵӣҿһС
˵꣬Цһ棬ȻҶػôܲŭ
ǻĶлĲɱ֮ˣ
ҶЦɱ¾֮ˣɱӽ֮ɢĽ̵òƤۡ
Ҷ㡭
ƱҶ㺰˵һ룬ͱҶ˻ȥƱٸֹҶɱ
ϣƼķϣ飡
Ʊ̾ϢһᣬȻҪҶ飬ò˸ɻѡ
˾ǿǿȥڵǰǾһϡ
飿ǿˡ
ҶȻЦԸˣҶ㲻ʴȣΪ㲻ɱǣǾͻɱ㣬ԶʴȣǶԼ̡
ƱתԴˮ֮õƼңȻ䵽ֵزᣬҲΡ
Сӣ㲻Ҫװǻˣ㲻óֻԳ֡
˵Ҷ
棬׷ױտڲߣҲû˰Ҷ㣬Ҷӿ͸ȺˣһȺСˡ
Ҫ֣ɣ
ҶһԾʧԭأƼϿգȻҪսҪսľ춯أط̫Сʩչ
ʼΪҶҪӣ˭֪Ҷɳû뿪ǽ̤գȻ
߷Ӹ߿գһɿֲϢ֣ٵɣҪһٵǿʮ
Ҷ㿴ҲˣʥֱԶ
Ҷȡɽ編ֳɹתԪԪȴﵽٵɵĵزȶٵɣߣҶΨɱ⡣
ǧ֮ǰ߾죬ݣǾǶǿߣΪƼҲĶ࣬ΪԸѱƼҸ˸룬ﲻˡ
ϼŷĵȥһ̫ϳϣΪ£ʮֲģϼĻԹޡ
һμڱ䣬ܶطӰӣ֧֣һˣ޷ɡ
˷׷ԾУվԶۿ˴ս
СӣȻ㲻֪ͲҪˡ
ӻҪװװġ
ҿ֪Ӧ㣬˼ǧˣȳְɣС۴۸һϲġ
Ҷʮ䣬Ȼ˵ԼС۴ԹԴСȻˣȳֿ϶ռƣҶơ
úúãǼʶˣʲôпȻܲȫ㡣
ߴһһһצҶݺݵץ£ޱȡ
úãҾ֪Ҷĺ
Ҷ㲻ҪǴ˿̣Ҫ֤ĺʲô
ɱһˣߵľƣҶ㲻˷һɢɱ⣬֮ˮҲϴҶķŭ֮׼ո
֮֮ϴ֮ң
ǣ
ƱҶһֱӴ̿޷вҶ㣬еƣһʧӰ٣ҶһƵ
ٵɣˣЩʧ
Ҷֽ¶֮ɫղһ˴򣬲ţڶٵǰҶ㻹ܴݷֱ˼顣
Ŀ׷׿Ʊ֮УһЩߡ
ƿҶһƵߵӡҲǷˣҶʲôʱôǿˣԶԿɾ
СӣղŲʵѣɱУ
Ҳ⣬ղ̽ɹɶ˾Ҳ
Ҹ㣬ղֻǶһ𣿡
Ҷ䳰ȷø˵ĿʼɣҶ㵽ǲǲ׾ˡ
Ц뼤ŭң㻹ʸɣ
߼ˣһεƸǿ񱩣ԪУٵɣѾܵһЩԪ
̫Լˣǰһֻһ
Ҷ˵꣬һɸӿ񱩵Ϣˣ𺳲񷣬Ҷܿռѿء
ôܣ
˴ɫҶչֳһٵɣߣƣҶ㻹ѵҶĵ˿Կɾĵز
ղƱľٶƺʲô


1134 ֮
ղƱͻȻǧɽ֣ԭҶ㣬ǳ־ǧսܡ
Ҷ˿չֳȫԽѹնɱ
ǧսȻΪʧڣϴչҶ㣬øӶ񶾣ϣԼĸףϽҶԴš
ձһ򴩣˽ʮУ߾ȻκβҶ㣬Ҷƻڲϵ
ÿһγ֣ǧһɽ壬ǳ֮ѹߵٶȱסˣڽڰˡ
ҶÿӶųӰӣɼҶٶ֮죬ٵɣҶĽŲ
Ҷ˵ȻҶ㲻ɱߣԷҪɱҶ㣬Ҳǳ֮ѣƾҶٶȣƣһٵɶ޷
䣡
ڴʱ໥ײһҶָ繳ݺݵĳץ£һƬѪ⣬ȻҶ˺
һҶ˾ŸԪɲ֮ǶٵɣҲҶǿ󣬺ܿƿķ
һ󣬳׾ˣǲţ߸ϵĵ棬ҶǰȻ˲һ
Լұϵ˿ڣɫѿ֮ɱ⣬ɢǳ衣
СӣȻһ֣ǽ죬һ
һ˳ǹ⻪˸沼·ǼƷӽ
ǰǰȣΪƵʱûƣԽɾޣﵽƷǼޡ
ֹһ֣ΪóͿɱ𣿼ֱǿЦ֮
Ҷ㲻ȥȾȳҪһ֣׾Σһ֣սپ֦
Լɱôţſ϶ưոݣҶȳףһ㡣
дӡ
һֻƳˣΪ޾ɽХմѿܲסдӡ
ôܣ
涼ˣҶ
һۣƺĳĬ߲Уǻһ֣Ҷѹ
Ȱ㻹ʵʵĿ֣ɾΧһˣɱǲǾȥԡ
˱飬Ʊ˵
棬߹ϵȽϲȻϣƱ׹ߡ
ɾΧҶȫնɱʲôʵȻ˿ֲ
Ʊô˵ҪǣƼ˲ˣɾ϶Ϊ塣
˺ܿƱվһ𣬷׷ѯʹҶ飬ղƱӸǴģƱһ
Ҫ֪ǿȥ֪ˡ
˵ѯʣƱûἰǼȥ
дӡԽԽǿַ֮֯Уγ߳ѹԶ
Ҳ֮ɫҶչֳѾأ룬Ƭ޷
޼ǹ
߱ϾǲŽĵ棬ǧֵ꣬¿϶вٵƣ޼ǹһźǹ򣬷ǳǿ
ǹһγһдӡȥһǹƵҶӡ
ڴΪһǹƵдӡʱ򣬾˵һĻˣǣҶͻȻʧԭأٿֱӳ嵽ߵǰ
˺ѿռ䣬԰޼ǹҶ޶ԣ˫ֳץȥһƬʱƬ֣ߵһϺܶࡣ
˵ϣҶʵﵽ˵ز似Ҫѹһ
Ͼʹ֮ٶȵһַ˼ĵز
ҶҲ֪ƾдӡͻȻݺݵڰ޼ǹͷϣХ
䣡䣡䣡
ڸ߿սನһƼңһЩɽϳִѷ죬ܶӻʲô飬ΪǿС
֪Ҷ̫ϳڽ֣׷¶֮ɫ
ýˣ
Ҷָһ㣬ָѹٶٴλʱ򣬰˱ˡ
ѹ
ɽâһеƶˣ޷ܰ˱
ӵ
˶֪ҶӵΪâö
һȺӣⲻҶһ
ƽܵ˱ȽҲͲƾɢƣɾ޷
ʲô⻹
涼ˣҶ㵽׻ȡ˶ٱóһǾ֮
԰˱ѹߵٶȳױѹоһ޴ɽͷ֮ϣ޼ǹʩչ
ȥɣ
ҶһУ߱ս˰˱֮УʼѹĲҽ
ϣǧսͻȻ̱ڵϣԼĸ׾ȻҶս˷棬ôܡ
ħ濪ʼգķҶһ̶̼ʱ䣬߱һͨˣȫԪҶˡ
ҹȥ
һӰӰ˱˳ߣֱӵ֮ϣǧսܵǰ
ֶһΪϡ
ӣ׻ˣҲͷƤ飬֪ճ
ҶڵϣƱ˿ȥ̫ϳɫܲÿһտڲ
û˴ģ
Ҷ㻷һȦûһ˸˵
Ҷ㣬ղŶҴˣ֣зˣԺƼңµ̫ϳϡ
һһٰʮȵĴת䣬ȻͷҶ̫ϳϡ
ҶڵʵȫʤΣҲ˵ùȥ
ʲôʲôʸƼҡ
Ҷ˿ӣֱԲ
㡭
ƱҶŭȻ֪˵ʲôҶڵʵƼѾסˣߣڳû˿
Ҷ㣬ҶƼҵӣһɣԺƼңû˿Դġ
ƱϽվУϣϽƽϢȥһ棬ȥƼҪ岻Զˡ
һ
Ҷ¶Ц̽ңôһǷϳϼıȨλˣҲƼҼ
ҶƱ
ƱһֱסںֳǣƼҵ֪࣬ҶἰƼƺ˾޴仯
˭ң׷ʲôˡ
ƱƢҲȽϻ𱬣ץסһֱʵ
ǸǸǧɽˣһץˮŵò˵
˵ɣ
ײվ˳ʱʮֳ죬û뵽Ҷĳ֣׸ı˸֣ƵͻȻˡ
ײ⼸һһʮ˵˳
ԭߣɽ壬һ𣬰п䣬ϴѹһƼѾԹص
ϧǿȨǰҪѡĬҪѡ񷴿
ײ˵涼һͨ죬Ҳв룬Ȼûг֣ǰ϶֧ơ
ܺãƼҳô飬Щ澹Ȼһֻ۱һֻۣôԵڡ
Ʊˮ˳ȥ߻أͷת


1135 ת
ƱȻ֪ˣ϶ܾʹ˰ݣҶĿĺܼ򵥣䡣
ҶȻû˵ǴݵźʮȷȻҲͱˣһδζӡ
ȥˣ֮ˣҴ
Ʊˣһŭ˵
ƽ棬ǸǱǿ׳죬飬֧Ʊ
ղƱѣ˹ҲһˣҶϵΪﻹܰȻվ
ھԵǿȨǰѡ˳Ĭ˵վƱһߡ
֧ԼһʼƱɫܲÿ
ڽȥǶӣ˵Щƽʱ֧Լĳϣһֵӡ
Ҷ㽫һжֻҪƼȶЩԸ׵ˣȫһϵ
һյʱ䣬˱һʮˣƼҺ֮ˣ϶ڡ
ƣҪʲôɵСˣԭǱ¶ж񼲣֮ǰŸܡ
һ֣Ȼ˵һܣ֮ǰعⷵգͻȻѹʱڳ׸ܡ
δüַƣϿ֤ݣûзѣû뵽ڶ죬ȷˣ
ֳӻңƼϼǿǺպƼһλԻ͵¡
Դϼ˶֮Ƽһǧɣ䶥
ԭףȻƣ˶ʼϲġ
ϼĵλĿУһĴڣȻԼӵúܶ޷ܡ
˵˵
Ҳһȣ˵˵˵
ʵǾʦ棬߱λҪųꡣ
Һ˵˵Ѿ׵еʲôҲѼ֤ݣ˭֪ʱıҿȻλ涼ڣҾͰĶй¡
˵ǰ仹˼ֵ֮飬ӵ֪¶֮ңҪ뿪Ƽҵľٶ
һα˵ЩӣŻɵĿ⿴ƣˣ죬ҲΪ˰ס
ſڴƻƣҿóʲô֤ݡ
ƾԲϣҵʱֲµĶ˶ˣûκ˿
Ϊ޷벻ɣΪ˶ɱ˭֪һ˻
ЦôЩ꣬ڲ
ܣ˶ɱˡ
һʱٴδǺܿ췢ֲԣ˿˱仯
Ҳ˼ҵ˼˵޹ء
ԽԽңҲԽԽڡ
һ֮УȻûгϣǸղŵһѾ֤ˣϼĪĹϵ
ƣôĵӣıõ
Ʊһŭˣ˵ղһУΪ˱סƼңһ̣Ʊ˵
ϼСʮչһһûϼҲûƱĽ죬ϼǰ˵Ǹ
ǲҪһɺԣֻǿҸûݺס
Щˡ
ף
Ц
û޲Ķӣ䣡
˻ߣ޾ŭԼ뿪ݣҲ֪֮󣬷ھΡ
ҽ£
Ʊһȣ׼ơ
ǾȻһ֮ʾ͸ɱˣɱΣռ֮λˣóҾûлᣬЩ꣬Ϊ˶٣йԹ𣬶εºܣܵݣͽּ壬ƾʲôǸңƾʲô
ƷˣΪţʮ꣬ȴʲôòʲô׶ƫ䣬ʮֲġ
¶סϼ˭֪ϼ֮ǰҲ֮λ䣬Ʋ㱩ߣкһϵе鷢

ʹļףϼڣһĻ϶ˣҲĿ
ûҾѵǲŵһЩôǲҲǴӦˣӦҶȡ֮λ
Цڳ֮ˣһǰס
ǰǱɱ˫ۣǽ죬ҪŻΪϼ𡣡
棬Χߡ
Ҫʲô
һ𷴸꣬ɫ
־ܣҿһ·
һ̾Ϣһϣ־ܣҪǳ֡
־ܣ˵̫ˣҲǺù
֪ȥѾɢˣû˿԰ǡ
ƣ㻹֪ڸģôڳƾһˣҲߣ
һ˺ȵϣܴᷢ䡣
ˣߣ˭Ҳסˣ
һȣһ䣬ȻҪߣƼѾݲˣҲ·һ
ȻͻȻߣ涼ûзӦ
һ˷Ӧˣʧһ̣һӰҲʧˡ
û°ɣ
ײɰ󣬽⿪Ľƣʵȫָ
ʲôˣΪеΪˡ
价һȦѯʵ
ײղŵһһʮ˵˳֪Ҷˣ¶˷֮ɫ
֪ˣһλᣡ
ЩķԼϣ׷׹ˡǡ
ƼңֻһǶٵɣҪɱǣֱ練ơ
ԥˣɱǹȻɱ֮ƼҽԪˣûа꣬޷Ϣ
ƣҿȥְ񣬰ĻڸģԺڿá
Ʊǹļ壬һ顣
⣬ӣÿϣһӡ˭ı֮ģɱ⣡
Ҳչֳеһ棬˶ӡģƾӡȫնɱ
лɱ֮
ǷɱˣҲƽϢǼ˿̷ƮҡѾڲˣ֪Ȼŭ⣬Ҳֻȥ
ײˣû䣬к棬ȥڡ
Ƽڱ䣬ΪҶĹƽϢָƽʼɨս
ಣ
һӰͻȻﻹһ֮ˣߵơ
ͨ
ҶһӣǰһеΪҶϵˡ
װȻҶһЦЦ
ˣһ䣬˶ȥɣסǽ˵ĻٸΥ֮ģ
һ֣Ѿ˴ȥ׼ܼĳͷ
֮УֻʣҶˣߵһɶ
һƼҴѣ㣬¸ס
䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ףΪβȫɱˡ
ҶƼûйУȫɱˣҶҲ


1136 ׷ɱ
Ҷ㲻һģǴˣģں
˼ףɱǹȻޣƼأ
ĳ˵
ǻصҶңǸڵȫԽҶҴһƼҡ
ҶȷƼûжĹУƼңֻѰԼĸףһ䣬ҶҪ뿪ˡ
Ϊײ뿪𣿵Ƽҵ˶汲нյĳɾͣүүϣǽƼҷүү
ɼĸоǼˣҲݣһС峤ƽӣǲҪġ
ҶĬˣ˵ʲôҲǶԵģҲҶǶԵģԼɣȻ׾ˣҶ㲻˵ʲô
ҸЩ϶ӡǣжģֱնɱ
ĵõһ
仰һתŹĵ
ǵģףȷõһϧ޷
Ҷûó
úúãúñܣ㵽˵ɾͿʹʮ֮һ
˵ãԼĶѾţ죬׵ĵȻҲˡ
ףҵõ飬Ѿ֪ò˶ãͻ뿪Ƽңǡ
Ȼ׾úõĴƼңҶҲǿ
ղҶŸһ뿪صݣƼ֣֮ҲǶԵˡ
Ҫ뿪
ҶҪ뿪һ㶡
뿪ǳΣգ㻹ǰĴƼңǾ˸ƴˣҲô
¶һ˿֮ɫ֮飬Ա
ףƼֻҵķչ֪ƼеƣݵΧƼѻʯ뿪õѡ񡣡
Ҷն˵
Ҷ˵ҲûƼҵȷеƣ˿Ҳֵܵһʱ䣬վǳ֮ơ
һ֮£ǲᶯһãҲᶯãʮŵϡ
ĬˣǷҶ뿪϶һҶƳȥ϶ݵ׷ɱ
ףѾˣҴ뿪ҪҪ죬뿪
У֮Ĺϵʱʱ䡣
ҶѾݸģ뿪ԭкܶ࣬һƼңϾкܶ޹ġڶֻ뿪ƼңҶܸõ
֮Բ֮ĹϵҶĳЩˣԼĸв
Ҷʧ̾Ϣһ
Ҷ뿪֮󣬵һĿȥѰףұӵ򣬻洫򣬶õһϢ׸ûлصƼҡ
վڹɽ壬Ҷʶɢȥÿһ䣬׹ȻƼңȥˣ
ɽ˿Ҳһ춯ص飬ħ棬ħɱ棬һ˽ףħĬĬ
һϢܿ촫ȥħڿʼݣҲ
һ֮һȺǧ˵Ķ飬ƺƵĳƼҸһɫǸ֣ʵͶǰ벽ɾ
󲿷ֶһٵɣٵɲǺܶ࣬Ҳкüˡ
ȺǱֳǣҶ뿪תƼҸϣҶ㻹Ƽҡ
ɲ˲ƼϿգĩս١
ƼţҶҽȻͲƽƼҡ
˵ܴСȻҶɱˣԪҵĺŷ˼㣬תҪǳΪˣԪҲἦȮ죬˸档
أСؾ֮УҶɱԪԴü棬ҪΧɱҶ㡣
ţҲ׷¶ŭ֮⣬Ǽ廹ŶţҶɱųģҲһЩǱþˡ
һţһɾ֮ѣһؾ֮УҶնɱһɶ
Щ˵ĵƼҶˣĳ綼
ٴУ׷˳ֵ׼ҲҪ塣
գмɾЩȫԽƼΪƽأϱȴʮƽ
ɣʮţңңȻϵһƼңΪ
ܴ󣬴ÿһ䡣
䣬㲻ҪװͿˣϽҶ㽻
һ˵һһһκҲˣ֪ˣ˲㱳ȥ
ڴСˣҾȺһҰģؾУһҪϵıСˣֵϵĳˡ
Ҷˣܵնʱ˱仯
ҪҵңƼûйϵһ̿ʼҲƼҵӣҪɱңҪȡ͸ɣ
Ҷܴһ̣Ȼ˵ƼҵĻ
ЩƼҵӣûһޣԹ壬⵽Ц⵽
˿̣ҶҶƼңΪ˱ȫ壬ǣӯŭ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ʹ֮ˣһöʧǧ֮⣬ܿ뿪Ƽҡ
׷
һȺ˼ٵĳҶ׷ȥƼң˵ǳ򵥣ҶͻӵӰ٣ʱܡ
ԣǼûκζֱ׷ȥ
Ҷһʧ֮У˸Ứ
ʲô⣬һŹˣ
ܱߣΪףܱȫԼĶӣʧְΪƼ峤뿪ʧ壬ǰѡ壬ΪƼңҪʹ࣬ԼĶӲôĸ׷ɱȴΪ
һƺƵ׷ɱˣ֮Ǿ춯ء
ҶȻ˾ٶ˿ȵɾһ·ϣҶͣͣûǵ׷ɱһ·ƺڿ̻ʲô
ȺϲģȻҪɱңҪҵŭ𡣡
ҶҹҪ뿪ݵķΧȥ
ʱҶͺᴩִݡ
Ƚ֮أ
λʮأһ֣ܶûմУʧ򣬶Ҳ衣
ҶǴȻһɱ
ݻָƽˣƼȻɵת˶ǽİݣҶġ
ʱһȥת֮䣬ȥʱ䣬ڳҶǰһ·ϣҲ˲顣
ûʹ֮ôʱУ֧š
ҲСӵٶôô죡
𵺵ŭһ׷׷ϣһֱںԻңҶë׷
׷ĺǣҲҪҵ
ȨԺԺҲһ֮ɫԺòһ׷ߣȻҲҶ
ŭĵȻԪҸң޲ھҪȥ˺Ҷ㡣
λĪҸҶ㲢ûжĳޣǲڲˡ
׷ʱĪͻȻ˳ˡ
ҸҲûжޣʹ˸ǣǷ
ҷˣƻҷ̫һɷ·ֻʣ°˴ţң壬Ҳ߰˰ˡ


1137 
һ̫һɣ£ƻңĪҵķŲֹӸˡ
һˣܶһֶΪ
Ҷ㲻˾նɱһٵɣôˣϰɾĽٵƶҪͷߣοҶһ˾ϡ
뿪֮ʣµЩˣҶ㣬ֱΪҶѾˡ
һƬ֮أԼֻܿ׾룬ʶҲܵƣһƬãã硣
ҶһΣʶ꣬һ䣬ʧԭأȻ¶һ˿аЦԶȥ
һ֮Ҷ㾹Ȼ֮أǽأĽأû˿Դųȥ
ˮ̶˵֮أ
ҶٺһЦȻ쵽ˮ̶
Ҷʮ˽Ǻ׷ɱˮ̶ɹնɱˣ˺ħѻҪˮ̶֮УӦûһֲŭԣɱǹԣͷĸԳɳôЩ꣬ʵǿ¡
ϴξҶϣ⼸ϢھԴﵽһֿɲĵز뵽ҶǵЦŨˡ
ҶԼһˣҪնɱϰ棬ֱ췽ҹ̷ҶǿҲԿֻ
û˱ҶΣϴʮ˽Ǻ׷ɱҶǶأܶɽˮȥ
ΣյĵطȻˮ̶ˡ
ԶգһȺСڵ㣬棬һɱ֮Ǧϯ
ҶǷһ˿⣬Ϊһ̣Ҷһ·Ͼ׼˺ܾã˿̣ЩƺƵ߰˰ˡ
Ҫҵǻ̫ԶˣǾһɱ뱻ɱϷ
Ҷ˵꣬ɢ޾ɱ⣬ûκ쳣ƽʱ䣬ڵȵ˾ʱ
УԪͻȻͣס˽ŲǸоһΣڿ
ʶƣ͸ԶԶС
ˮ̶һǵ඼ͱڣݲ淺⡣
ôͣС˽ȥѵ׷ˣ
һɻʵΪδҶͣ
ﲻ򵥣Ҹо촿ɱ⣬ѵûиоⷽԲǧû￿
ܴıȽУǶٵɣʶǿ󣬺ܿ췢ﲻ֮ͬ
ʲôôˣݾ֣ȻһյŵòǰˣѵҪĿ𣿡
֮ҶϿĴڣ˭õпһԾݵһ
ûһСˣ׷ϣͷǳ֮ѣ
ԪͬҲҶ⣬ԿؾͻƵɾ
һһʼˮ̶λãǵ֮С
ҶĵĶǽǵЦŨˡ
Сףˣ
ҶСףѵִʼݣúħѻȥЩˡ
ħѻȻӴ󣬵УҲң˾Լɾ޷γв
Ҷ뷨ĿľǿЩ˵ĽŲˮ㣬͵ϮȻֵ֣Ϊһð취
С׻Ϊһǣ뺮ħѻȺУʼ֮󣬳Ⱥӵĺħѻڵķȥмʮֻ
ҴĺħѻɹԽԽ࣬գÿһռ䡣
С׻Ҷʾصָ棬Ҷ㻯Ϊһǣ˺ħѻ֮Уһֱͱζ
߰˰˺ܿ촩ǵˮ̶ڣͻȻֲԣһɿɲƳ
ã޳û
˴һǵصĺħѻоͷƤ顣
Ȼ£ôɱɱֱ۷飬һǣٶȣҶ϶֮زز
ǿпٳһͨǽһ𡣡
ܴٲȻΪ쵼ߣֻг忪һͨſԿٵĴȥ
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˷׷׸ͣγһֱߣǰĺħѻһֻֻɱѪȾ˲񷡣
Ҳ̼˺ħѻħԣȻ½ħѻ溬оĺ֮ǵɱﵡ
̶̼ʱ䣬Щ˾նɱǧͷħѻǰһƬյش
ߣҪȥ붼룡
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬һ𣬺ħѻѹǵķǳɢˣЧԲһ
öҶģһ·ϣҶ̻˴СԼʨϻȡٱд̻Ĳϡ
Ҷڵľ磬̻ÿһöһٵɵһǳĿɲ
ǰֵĿյöֱӷ˳ȥΪǣȺ֮ը
䣡
ˣ羪֮ףͳһƬյشڿɺãֱӻΪһƬޡ
һö൱һٵԱö൱ٵԱȻء
ڣޱȲңȺĺħѻϣǴһҽ
ٵԱǶٵɶҪܿǺףǸûзӦըĴֲ
޴ĺڶһ޾Ķޣٳ޷ϣ֪ղŵԱ˶ôǿ
ҵְ
Զһһһٵɵֱֻ۶ըˣϰҪ׼óҩָĲһʧȥ֪
ҵȡҵȡ
ҵĽ˾ͱըˣǾľͺֱܽӱը⽴
һٵɶըˣзϵĸǼʮˣŭĺ
ҶһһǸղŻһڶըĵǣҶĻˣ͵Ϯ
ЩҶԲרɱЩʧȥģԲǻָ
Ҷ㣬ҹ
ܴŭХռ俪ʼѿһԪңȻһ棬ôܲŭ
ϧҶʧˣһһӰһֱԼ
űʬ壬ֱӵһ߰˰ˣȻһϰС͵Ϯˣնɱʮˣôܡ
˾߰˰ˣղŻǰ˰ңֻʣ¶ٶˣЩը˵˾ֱӱħѻɱ
£
̫ˣ
ҶֶǸо󱳷ڶ࣬ռݾԵƣŵһν棬˶ˣò˿ʼùġ
ҶȻôˣһЩƿľû١
ҪСӻУ
Ҳһ棬޾ķŭֱӳ˽ȥ׼նɱҶ㡣
ߣ
ȻҶֶˣȴûֹͣǲţҶϻֱĶ
൱ڵɾҲҲһöһΪҶǴؾ֮лȡġ
Ǻܶ࣬һöһö
Ǽ׷ҶǵЦٴθ֣ǲ׷
һԾҶˮ̶棬չˣҶҵһεĵشֳչһöö˳ȥ
˭ҲҶʲôЩÿһ£û֮УʧգۼĹҶȥϰöֲ֮Ҷ㶼ࡣ


1138 ޸
ʮʱ䣬ҶһУĵǱڰҾˮ̶Ŀֲ֮
Ҷըôˣǳ׷ŭˣһеɵˮ̶Ͽյʱ򣬸оһëȻˮ̶¶ȣȻɾܶס
Сȥˣ
Ҷ㽫ԼϢȫǸܲһƯˮ̶Ͽա
УҶǵЦԽԽŨ
ȥȥ
ҶĬĬ߶ϣǽԼȦȻһ򾡣ǴԪܶ顣
ˣʼɢһ㿿ˮ̶λãһɫɾ̣ǰδС
Ҷ㣬֪ҹɣ
ǰȥ·ﱻˣҶ϶ڰڱˣҶѷɡ
ֻûҶκټ·ʯ󺣡
ٺ٣Ϸʼ
ҶͻȻʧԭأԶȥ
׷
ҶͻȻ֣ʱ˵ע⣬׷׳׷
ڴʱͻ䡣
ııġ
һϢˣһϱÿһը֮һɾԱˮ̶ˣˮըа֮ߡ
ֻƬ֮䣬ѪȾ˲񷣬ʯڴѿǧٿףһѣĿꡣ
龰ˣǵ棬ҲˣôͬʱըٵԱȻкüˣһٵɣͿȫնɱ
ܴ˱ˣ˭Ҳ׷ʲô飬ʧϣǿıը֮ʧȥ
ǿĳǺˮһ׵˺ǵ壬ʮֲпᡣ
ɽһʰöһըǷԲǧǽڿʼݣʯ飬Ӹ߿յ£ֱЩӴߵϡ
嫿ֲҰգˮ̶סˣһֱϣ޷ȥ
ըǿĿ۵ƥ⻪ضȻʧɫƬȫʧһ˿ռƬ
׷ɱңǶҪ
ž޴ĿռݣҶûһ˿޾Į
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һըܷÿһռ䣬ֻҪ֮ˣûжܵĿռ䣬ֻܳıը
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һֻƳˣŭԵϣˮٴνϸߡ
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һƬһƬĿռ䱻סЩûбըĵ棬ͻȻоһܿʧȥʶˮϵȥ
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ŭԷŭˣɺ˫ۣٴαǣ˫צһöһƬ汻ɨУ⵽شָʱ䶼ûУֱŭɨУĲ
һͷݣµҶ㶼ľŭԣҶƻɹֻһ롣
ŭԵİҶļƻ߳ɡ
ôҲİҲ
һŭȣ֮쳹ˮ̶ϿգҶʶɢȥֻвʮ˻ھҪŭԵϮ
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ʣµĶʮˣٵɣֻһЩˣû⵽ֲϮܿŭԵĹ
ŭ֮ʣµļʮ໥һۣӶԷ֮УŨŨļɵ
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ЩˣǼ廹ŵľԵƣˣԼ廹ţ϶һĪĴǧ궼Իָ
ڤ粻飬ͷǻ֪ڸģǲ׷ɱңôôˡ
ҶЦǿһ㣬ųļʮˡ
ɱ
ҶûߣɱŭԵϣҶˮϳĺħѻԽԽ࣬Ҷһֱζ͵ϮֶΣնɱһһˡ
ûͷŭԣкħѻȫԽԭء
ÿǿҪγɺΧʱЩħѻͻسײǵͳɢ
һһֲŭԣƣӦҶֵûмˡ
񣬸ˣ
Ҷһɿֲ־֣˿Ҷ㱾ʵ
൱ҶڣһСһػ绢
Сӣ
ˣֱӳ嵽ҶǰһƽҶ
Сף
ҶһͺȣСܵҶǰſ޿ڣһŭֵˣĹһŻˣҶĳǰ

һٵɣҶ㲻֪նɱ˶ٸ
¶ףԼĹΪͻȻʧ·𱻴͵˺ңԶĵط
䣡
һʮңԶĵ죬ͻȻһ𶯣һֻͻȻ£Ľˡ
ʱ䣬ϵӴܣҲǵףΪƾճһƣ㽫춼ˡ
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Ҷ㰵кãС׵ϣҶɱʹ죬õǵĹ˵Լ
ĸ֣ڿռ֮ٵɣѾܲռ֮͵Ϯˡ
ǿֲͬʱɾսսĺأƽڽԽսԽ£˿ûаܼļ
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ʣȫҶ㡣
˶Ҷ˵ѹͲǺܴˣÿԳô˻ᣬһ򾡡
˱ѹ
ҶֱӼ˱˻δӦͱ˱˽ȥֱѹס
ˬ̫ˬˣҪǶˣͻƵɾҪϻǱÿͻ֮ȱٷΡ
ѹ֮ҶһԾʧԭأ⼸˹ȥ


1139 ƾ
ѹסˣҶѹʱ٣⼸˳˹ȥҶרЩһٵɳ֡
ٵɣҶͶܣ潻֡
ȻɱٵɵǱȽ鷳һסˣٵΧҶͺ
дӡ
һֻƳ֣дӡ£ǾȹҶľֱ򶼱Ҷȥ
̶ʱ䣬ղʮˣֻʣ¾ˣҶһ˾նɱˡ
ӷˣ˰ٶˣ׷ɱһϣֻʣ¾ˣʲô൱Ҷһˣݡ
ܴɫĿ£Ŵγ֣Ҷ㻬ĸƵãһֱ潻棬۴С
칬һ̫ϳҲǶٵɣһ긾ŮʮֲֿҶҲıֲܿԣأˮ̶Ͽζ
ʣٵɣֱҼ޻Լһ棬ʱֻ飬ûʲô
Ҷ㣬б͸ʹʹĴһضܣʲô¡
Ҽ֪û鵹һЩһĿģΪ
ʲôҴҾ͸򣡡
ҶŲܵļϵúħѻǵٶȣ˺Χ
ʣ棬Ѿȫѹסˣ߱ʽһʩչ˳ܲסֱӱնɱ
߱ʽϲֳִƣµһչֳ
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ʣߣʣûҲ׸һٵɣѾΣҶˡ
ϵļˣŭԷŭ建ˮ棬֪ǰˣܶԸġ
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ˣ
Ҷʮǫ˵һ䡣
Ҷ㣬ϽҿԼֻ̣ҪϼңԺԴ
Ҽ׳֦ҶƼңݶ֪ˣʱ׳֦Ȼ£ĳɷ֡
ҿɱҺü棬ѵ㲻ҼҰػģ
ҶЦһ֪ܲǵ뷨Ȱƭ˵
ģȣֵһᣡ
˿⣬ܵõҶЧң棬ʲô
Ҹ㣬ҲǱɱģ㻹Ҽ𣿡
ҶǵЦŨˣҶնɱ⣬һֱһһڴ¡
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ҶûıҪˣǰԼʵѾκˣȻҪȥ
ܺãȻˣҾɱ㣬ΪҶӱ𡣡
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ܺã֪һˣʲôۣȻŮˣһɽ㣬Ҫ
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Ҷĵ˵һ䣬˭ҪɱԼҪʱ׼ŭ
ϻʲôֱɱˣڹϷֱ
ǶյϢҶӽɶõõܶ౦ÿһԴһٽϷˡ
ûɱΪȥĵӸϱ𣡡
ҲһȻ֮ɫ֣˫ֵزѾûлء
񻰣
ҶЦˣЦĺܲá
һ䣬ҶϱһɼȿֲϢֱӳ˳ȥɷ˵Ȼ֡
ɱ¾֮ĳ֣дӡҶռݵϷ磬޻칬ˡ
ˣҶСǣƣҪĿĲɱǣֻҪǣסɡ
ÿһǿҪʱСĳ֣ǵĹΣʮͷۡ
Ҷʱ䲻࣬һҶʮΣա
дӡ
ɱһ
˱
ָ
֮
Ҷǵƾ似޻칬棬ɫ䡣
رдӡԼ˱ÿһԽѹ
ڻ֮ɢ׵磬֯һ˱⽹ۣӦ
ҶҪ䲻⣬ֱնɱˣʣˣͲΪ
䣡䣡䣡
ٴα򴩣ˮ̶ŭԣԴ˻ȥðͷǿƣóˮףҲ֡
һ˵ֱӾסˣ޷˱һѹֱ˽ѹס
֮ǱҲͻķҪΧҶѾսһʱɡ
Ԫе棬ԼҼ¶֮ɫ
˾ɵĹҶһɱֱӳ˹ȥ˭Ҳ뿪
ʣڲ˺һ׷ɱ˭֪䵽ĵزҶһһնɱ
벻ɣĽ֣
ˣҶЦѡ
һգɱôˣҶȡĲϣÿԽҶңһӴ壬ҲѧԺٽһ
Ҷ㲻֮ˣûѧԺҲûĽ졣
˸˼ˣܻܲ뿪һδ֪
ɣʹսһ
ղʩչɱﵣҶԪҲĵʮأսӼࡣ
ˣҶսⲻϵϢǿ񱩣ǵȴĺˮʱԳ忪̰ӣϯء
뺷ֱӳ˹ƵңҶսˣ˱뺷սɫٴ΢䡣
սӦÿҪˣǺҲҪ
濴ıȽУΪҶԪӦڼģò˶ãĸɾǹԹԵ־ܡ
ҶҲýͣϿд컯̷һţָܻһԪϿö
õԪݽߵⷢ
Ȼ棬Ҷ浽ס


1140 صҶ
ڲҪʲôսҶҲҪüɣԼȫԴݿˡ
ҼҶһˣܴ棬ˣҶ˿ûѹ
սֵӿʼбҶԽսԽ£һ֮ƣýڽڰˣܿͱƵǽڱ߽Ǵ
ʱҲѹƵʽ߱ʽݺݵĽѹסˣ޷
дӡ
ҶٴʩչԪһʩչüΣҲõԪݽߵ⡣
ȭ
ܴʩչ˻ʼȭһɫʣӲҶдӡ
ϧˣдӡϢѭֻԽԽ󣬲ԽԽСԾԵ֮ܽƿ
һӵʽˮľľ𣬻𣬽ѭٶԽ죬֮Ҳǿ
Ȼƣ
һ䣬Ҳһֻƣдӡ£ϣдӡ
䣡
Ȼײ񳱣ÿһռ䣬ʼݣ·һ޴ޣһգ֮ϣߣǼ˵Ԫ໥
ͬʱһҶ㲻˷ɱһˣֱȡ׼֮⣬޾ʩչҶɵƿռ
µٶȣĹ
ҶĹʽõ˸֮ɫֶҶ֣һˣҶ㡣
ʱܴˣõˣʣһˣԶԿҶ㡣
ߣûлˣ
ҶЦһٴһ˱ˣֱѹܴͷϡ
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˱ͻȻƬˮ̶ֱܴӶԭأܶ˱ĹâԽԽʢȵĹâ
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ͣ
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ճʱ򣬶϶ٵɣţÿһι·ӡڵ֮ϡ
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ܴҪߣҶһߣٴγһöһöˡ
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ֱӳܴǰֱӱըһɷŭĺˮܴըɵа֮ߡ
ѹ
˱ûܴѹԭأս֮УҲ޷
ڸֵҼܴеѹѹɫ䣬һ֮󣬾ȻҲΪһ⣬˵ء
ѾˣҶסǳ֮ѡ
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Ҷʩչ֮⣬׳ˣֱӺҼϡ
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Ҫҵ֮⣬һΪҲûҵľΣꡣ
ҶܿȻղȻûнҼնɱ֮Ѿʴڲʱ޿̶ʴܼ꣬ʱ䡣
һҵ׷ɱڸһ䣬Ҷ㳤һȻʤˣҶ㸶˶٣Լ
һҶܶԴǴӽɶõ֪ΪɱЩˣҶ㸶˼Ĵۡ
ʼɨսҶȡöָԴѻɽԼȻòҶҾҪ
ҶҪһӴҶңЩԴ㹻Ҷҷչʱ䡣
뿪ˣ
Ҷ㻷һȦһԾʧԭأûлصݣǳݵķȥ
ǰʵ£ҪմڸҪ˷֮⣬ٶҪմҪ졣
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Ҷһ飬ȥһ˾壬СӦûھ壬һλҶ㽫ҶҰᵽݡ
ҶСΪԼΣҶ㻳ﴫů֪һжġ
£ΪҶӷϴпˣǵȾ壬׷ߵڽӴҶ㡣
ΪСĻع飬˴ʧѾõħĵλһȻΪƬɽס
Ҷ㣬ǾѱèʳôнյĻԻ͡
ھһʱ䣬Ҷ뿪ˣСᳯǰ
֮ǰҶһʥ棬ȡ˲ʥȻҶ󣬵ʥԻм档
õʥеѵļһֱ̾棬Ҷʱ޿̶þ
նУȻû̫ı仯֪Ҷ뿪Ѿʱˣ֪ĸôˡ
ԽƳǣҶ˼֮Ũ귢չƳǲǵģһ
ѧԺҲһҶˣѾΪݵһţΪȻ
ǴҶ֪ˣһиһйأǾҶ㡣
һһ㣬ѧԺϵӣĵӣȥ̨ȥۿһҶ㡣
ȥĤҶǰķɣϣܳΪڶ
޴ĵа֮ߣÿ춼кܶǰݣѾΪһϰߡ
ܶµӣҶΪĿ꣬⼸ѧԺҲȷʵӿپž޵ţǸҶȣвࡣ
ӰڻƳϿգŷĽֵڻƳҶңҶ㱶ο
ߣȥɣǵļң
СǵһҶĵطҲЩƽҪǣҪҶĸˡ
ҶҾ귢չѾ߹ģõѧԺ֧֣ﵽ˶ĵز徹ȻҲ˲ٵɾϢ
żչҶ¶һߣ£Ҷ㲻㾪κˣ׼ĵĽҶң˳㿴ҶҵǲǱϿô
ҶҴ֮Уƺڿʲô飬һЩʵȨﶼڣ֪ʲô顣
Ҷĸ׺ȻУ۽Щʪ󣬲֪Ϊʲôġ
ǸʲôҶΪҶô࣬ҶҽĳɼǾȻҪҶһҰŵƫԺȥǺξġ


1141 ȶ
Ҷ漸ˣһŭ⣬Ҷнյĸ߶ȣȫҶһңûҶĸҶĵλҶݣһҲĬĬš
ʱ䣬ҶһŵӣʵǳϵλߣЩıѽҶҵ¼һɶ
ˣҶţҶ֪Ҷڳֺüϵ
ҶҶ֮ǰŽλãҶ⼸ҲǾҵҵҶҴľ
ϧ⼸һֱæŴ壬ҶϵûȨƣϵҶؼ֮λ
ΪҶţڲռޣҶĸһռһܴԺӣ˿ʼ飬ҶĸڳĵطЩ츳ĵӡ
ҶԣϵͱˣҪҶó֮λƹҶҡ
ҪˣҰᣡ
ҶĸȦͨ죬סﶼνؼ̫Ļ䣬᲻ãųٳûаߡ
Уûҵͬ⣬˭ҴҶˣҶ
ҶԴǣ׼κ顣
ϣô磬㲻һʲôȨҪ顣
һ֣ȴ̶Ƕϵĺᣬݷڿʼˡ
漸ֳɱһ֧ҶҲҶĸҶ䲻ˣڷҶ
һ࣬ǶҶĵʣе⼸巢չ׳Ҳһּʲĵӣڼλء
ղ˵ĽҶģҲ侳ҵʵҶ֮ϣҶңҲʮ侳ʹﵽˣǳ򵥡
֮ڷ飬Ҷ֪һһ޵ɱɢ
ҶûóȻȥҲһλᣬҶҶ߽ݣһЩȺ֮ÿԳλᣬ߳ȥԺ
ƾǼûҵ˭Ҳ׼Ҷȥ
Ҷ磬ҶĸӶסкټҶ䡣
˵һǿͶƱʽҶչطѾãһռôô롣
ҶĿʼɿ𣬲˿ʼͣҶĸߣڳط
Ҷģ㹻ˣдûҶ䣬ûҶ㣬Ҷҵڻһĩ壬㲻ĸжڻһң۸һŮӣʲô
˵ǰ˳ϣҶϵһֱֱӺȳҶġ
˳ϣô˵ǶҶ˹ףǲǾֹռҶԴ˵ǲǣǸʧ꣬һδ֪ܲΪһˣֹķչɡ
ҶǿʶĿģǴҶһ
ǶҪ˵ˣҾߣ
ҶĸŴ໥ۣһ˵֮ת뿪
Ҷĸ뿪Ҷ¶һ̵Ļߣһóѵģ
Ҫ̤ִӴ߽ӰһһŮеӢŮĿΡ
ͻȻ߽ˣ˶ˣҶҴû׼κ˲ý룬˾Ȼö֮˽
ͷ׷긾Ů߽ͻȻڵأԼԼһ⡣
Ů⣬ҲһҶԼȶ⣬ˮҲӿ
ǰͻȻֵ꣬Ҷĸ׻ԭأ֪˵Щʲô
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𣿡
ʱ꣬ҶȥǹɬһģҲߴˣʵˣģȻûдı仯仯С
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ҶˮҲǶ˭˵жϥлƽ˭˵ж᲻ᵯһ̣ĹƨҶģĸ׵ϣܿʱ䣬ĸ׹ķǳס

ҶĸæҶĸܿӵһҶĸıҶ㣬ڴԼ뿪
ĸףίˣӦ㣬ԺҲܵһ˿ί
ҶȻԼĸףɨ֮ÿһˣ֮׹ߣһ顣
Ҷ㣬𣿡
Ҷһ˳û뵽ʱҶͻȻˡ
Ҷ壬һˣ
ղŵһĻҶ㿴ҶһֱάĸףҶҲܸж
ͺãͺã
ҶЩ״ΣֻҪҶͺãĶҪ
һȺˣЩԽܣҶôʱͻȻˣ·
Ҷ֣ϲص壡
Ҷ˹ʮֿĳҶʺһ䡣
Ҷɿĸףȥ۽ǵˮϻָž޲ı顣
һĳЩ˻ܲǰɣ
Ҷ˵
Ҷ˵ЦˣӦþ˲Ŷԡ
Ҷĺܿ컻һҶ֮ǰնɱ侳ڹϢԨѹֵڳ˶޷̧ͷ
㸸أ
Ҷĸʱ̸֪֮ҶƢ⽫ֽ
Ҷĸʵ׷׳Ҷ㿴֪Ҷ䵽ȥˡ
ĸ׷İɣ׺ܺãݣҲǺպλǽĸ׸žۡ
ҶԵĽ˵һ飬˶𾪲ѣҶ侹Ȼ֮ˣѾΪһ֮졣
ҶŻ϶ˣҶɢ˰ɣϾлӭ磬ӭҶصҶҡ
ҶһҶæ˵ҶҶĸСȥϢȥˡ
Ҷȷ񣬲ԸЩվһ𣬳˸һЩĸѾˡ
صԺӣϤĻҶոпǧһĸ
ĸףλ
Ҷ㽫С쵽ҶĸǰʮֿĽһ顣
Ҷˣ
Сһ
ʮֿ˵СᣬҶĸЦĺϲ£죬ӳˣм֪Ҳ
ĸףŶûл𣿡
Ҷüͷһ壬ŶͻˣŶĸô⵽ż
֮ǰһΣûоˣĵļһ棬ܿ뿪ˡ
Ҷĸ򵥵˵һ顣
Ҷ˵ͷŶ̫ĺ䶯͵ĻصݣҪǻųص飬ǻԼүүġ
İɣһˣҲ˸Ҷô
Ҷʶһɨ¶һ˿̵ı飬Ҫۣ֮ͬˣҶҲɱ
λʲôʱ뿪
ҶĸǴŹĵ
Ҫһʱ䣬һкܶҪȥ
Ҷһ£Ҫһʱ䣬ȫ׵
ϣҶҾһʢĻӭʽҶףҶ档
ʽҶ˿Ȥݲ£صԼԺӣʼ滮
ҹӰĵĽҶԺӣǲҽվ⡣
ɣ
ҶʶӰ̤룬߽ҶԺӡ
μ
Ҷ򣬻Ҷ˳ϣĳϵˣҶĸڱҶټ˹
ضҽǹҪ
ҶǼ£Ҫ˵һϵеļƻ
ЩȻҶ䲻󣬵ѳ̫ࡣ


1142 ˷
һҹʱ䣬ҶԼλϣиҶһ𳤴Ҷɫδʱ򣬷׷ȥ
ÿ˵ȥ֮ǰ˷֮ɫһܵϴж
ڶ죬Ҷĸϴ跥ë֮ĸһ˲٣ҶֱǰѧԺ
ĵطҶ㲻
֪Ҷ˾ֱӳأԳɽӭӣ侰ޱ׳ݡ
ӷ׷ɽӭӣϣԪˡرǿܳˣǼ֤Ҷ漣ڵľˣѧԺУһ˵λһֱǿյģû˿
ǳϣǷʦһֻۣҪҶˣҲ׷ǰ
ЩżµӣĿã׳ʲôӣѵͷۣ
ͥԺԺɽɵʦһһҶк֪Ҷ㵽˾ʱ򣬸ǳһɾη֮顣
ѧԺҶʱ䣬һֱѧԺҲûȥȴҶ㡣
÷ʱڼ壬ѾյϢڸ
ѧԺһʱ䣬Ҷ˺ܶԴ㹻ѧԺչꡣ
ЩҶ˵޹ؽҪǶѧԺ˵Ǿϱ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ뿪ˣ
Ҷ㽫Ĵ㣬˾ЩϧѧԺ߳ȥ꣬Ҳһ֮ɫ
Ժ׼壬ݣԣԺҲԳһЩӢӣһݣΪ
Ҷ顣
ҶұϾС壬Ȼ⼸ɳ٣ǸѧԺȣȻС׼ףҶҪҶһ
ԴںϣƼҸҶˣһҪǿѪǲģҪѪ
Ҷ˼ϣҶҸѧԺںϣܶྫӢݣʱˣתơ
鲻Ҹ̸̸һЩõĵӣҪҳϡ
˾ʮָˣҶİʮ⣬ѧԺԸõķչ
ǵӦġ
֮УֻʣҶ˾ˡ
һ֮Ҷ÷뿪ѧԺصҶҡ
һѶϢ˳ȥҲյϢڳҶҸ
ܰڻڱѩԭҶҲϢò˶ãҲݡ
źһУҶȥĺһҪҪ˹غһŵ
߻þò
ĺ֮ڣ߻һ꣬ţʱ䣬Ҷʹﵽָ߶ȣȸˣҲ𾪡
ӣ࣬ǲǴ뺣ˣ
Ҷ㲢֪ǰ߻һֱݣĿľΪ˵ȺҶ㡣
кܶҪţҲ׼һ£һ֮Ҿͻ뿪ݣʱһ߰ɡ
ǰ£ĿȻŹȥʱ䣬·ȥ˼ʮ֮ã˷ǡ
ǣӣ
߻̾һڿ뿪صԼļˡ
ҶҴҶ֮󣬷˷츲صı仯Ҷټ˺ܶˣ֪ͨȥܶҵı۵ĳۡ
ģҶڸʲôΪҪҶҼҲѵҪǨ𣿡
һҶҳϣҶģʮֽæʵ
ûյκϢʱʲôٶ
ҶҲüҶû֮ǰĵλҲܳߣڡ
ҶѧԺʵǿޱȣڼ弸һԸ飬û˸Ҳӡ
ʵڲУȥʰɣ
߳ϰͲסˣҶȥʡ
ãҾȥʣôģ
Ҷĳһ£ȥʣ̽̽ҶĿڷ硣
ڶ죬ҶĹȻˣϧ˱Ÿŵ÷ûɫֱӸҶڱչأκ˲ô
˱ŸҶֻ뿪
÷ûѣȷʵڱչأȫɾ
ֻгɾһߣֻһߣǷ֮
ֻе˵ɾΪƣҶҲаա
֮УҶҪģ漸ŮĸʵϻȡԴÿ԰һ
¶ǽȫȥ컯ϵĴ߻ǵԪҶڴӰ˱֮гȡ뵽֮С
̶̼Ĺ򣬼Ů׷ͻƵ۷壬ʼ˾ֲ̫ˡ
ҶĸףҲ̶̼ʱ䣬˷츲صı仯˼ʮ꣬Ůվһһ㡣
һУҶԼҲʼ򣬲Ҷûżͻƣȿ顣
ӽɶ֮УҶȡ鼮Ȼȡ֪ʶȵ۵һĳ̶ȣѡͻƣʱҲһˮɵ顣
似ĵã£ַĵҶ㶼ŹЩûʲôãʵôܴ
ǿҶĿհףܶණǳ֣ǲ޵ǽƫ棬ƣܳ䲻⣬ܷЧ
ʱһȥҶҵĲҵҲˣҶѾ֮ãʱǳƽ
κǰҶ㣬ܾŮϢֻ̺ͷһЩϢͽЩСסûڸҿ
ѧԺҲʮæµһ˾гһٶˣţ֪ҪҶȥ˷ܰºϲ졣
ֻݣǲлһóȻȥ϶ĻᣬȻ
ܳΪҶϤһҲȻУ˾ⰲŵġ
鼮Ҷ˰ʱȫ꣬ҶоԼޱȵĳʵδйʵڸУ·ڲ
Щ似Ҷûȥ㿴ҲۻҶҪ⡣
СӣϴλȡһöƬԲ⣬Բɱһ
ʱ䣬ɱ¾֮צȻ˼Ʒĵزĵز
ΪҲ𣬵ôײġ
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬ôײֶǵ⡣
ҲҪģͻƵɾ˵ʱԲֻе˵ɾܽӴطԣ㽫һ򣬿֮ܲ
Ľ׼ȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷĽ˵ûǰԼܵ㹻ˣõͻƵʱ
ʱ䣬Ҷ㲻ϵ¶ϴ壬ѵٵ۷̶ȣĽٵɡ
ȫٵƶҪĽѣÿһֱ۴ϸǳ
ԪתԴ֮ԳҶͻƵɾ
Ψһһ㣬ͻƵɾҪ׽٣ǿ󣬺пܻ
һУҶĳһöɫҩ񵤣ҶͻƵɾ
שҶÿɽĴţɽ編
ÿȹһ׽٣ɽ֮Ŷ򿪣׽٣һҲήɽ編򣬰תԪ
ҶѾ͵֮ţʱ޿̶ڵȡɽ編򣬵׽٣δ
Ķ鼮Ҷ˶ɽٵһЩҪʵԽǿ׽ҲԽǿڵʵ֪ʲô׽١
һ䣬Ҷʧԭأ뿪˻ƳǣһƬɽ֮УͻƵɾ׽ʮֲֿ뿪пܣƳΪƽء


1143 ɽ
ҵһ˵ɽҶֱ˽ȥɲϢԲһɶȫŵߡ
ɽ֮ϣһӰ̾һƽ̹ľʯϣɢŨϢƣܹᴩ񷣬Ҳܽһ췭ظ
ԥ̷ȥһɿ񱩵ֱը㽫Ҷ嶼űҺҶﵽĽٵңȻĳܲס񵤵
ҲΪʲôĽҪҶͻƵɾڷ񵤵ԭ¶壬һֲĳ̶ȣܵ׽١
ǿ׽пֱӱը࣬ɽٵʱͻռƣǾԵơ
ȫÿһÿһ缡⣬ڷĲ񵤵ʼϴ
Ҫǣɵ溬ʮֲֿɽ編򣬿ʼҶ㱾ķںϡ
յȼֵĻҶ֮еɽ編򣬿ٵɼҪĽΪķǴȣﵽٵҡ
⻹ûͻƵɾĽһͻƵɾ¸ǿֲһһ㣬εĽҶסȻǳ׽٣Ҳ޷
ˣ׽ˣ
ҶоԼܵ㹻׼ʼ׽٣һɽŻڽ׽ٵʱҲõɽϴ
̧ͷȥҶ񴩹գܿ쿴һƬ磬Լ͵֮ŵǵڣɽ羧ڡ
ֻе˴ɾʱ򣬲ܿڣǿ˾Ҳ޷ɽӰӡ
ҿ
Ҷһȭݺݵĺɽľ֮ϣ򿪵ȱԽ󣬽µɽ編Ҳ࣬׽Ҳҡ
䣡
ҶоԼһȭޱȼ̵ǽϣ޷Ӧɽ羧ھȻ˼̡
Ԫɽ編Уһȭݺݵĳɽ羧ײȥ
ģ
죬ɽ羧ڻζһ޴ŻҶǰа֮ʷһŻ
ҶҲˣ֪ʶȻ֪ɽһЩҪĻڣɽ֮ţ֮һ
˴ɽ֮ţͨŻûʲô΢һЩ򿪵ŻҪԴ
ţҲͨŻС
ǰɽŻͨŻʮСʲô൱ڼʮ˾һɽ١
ŻԽȻɽ編ŨǼ̣ǰҶŻ
һ򲻿Ҷ¾ͻɥʧζɽٵϣԺûлˣֱΪɢɣڰ벽ɾ
һҶ㲻ᱻŻγдӡֱ߿ϵľ޴ŻһεǸղʮҡ
䣡
շ·𱻴ˣָоֻҶһ֪˿
ۣ
һѪҶԽǿ֮ҲԽǿҶһЩɡ
ûʱ俼ǣһƽһƣһѪһѪҶѾʮƣǼ̵ɽ֮ţѿһ˿϶
϶򿪵ʱɽͻȻζ·ĳشһ㡣
ڶɽˣô˿ֲɽ𵴣
һ˰գüͷ壬Щš
һ˶ɽ٣ɽ缫ѸӦΪͨĶɽ٣ֻӶἫٵɽ編򣬶ټɽ˵ֱǿпޡ
ǰ⾰ƺҪɽ編ӶһգǶôĿɲȻǼ󣬵ͷ·ѹһʯ
ζֻһ˲䣬ܿƽϢȥɽٴλָƽ
ѿһ˿϶ɽ֮ţҶ¶һ˿аЦͨ˵ʮ˵ܳ״򿪣൱ʮ˵ɽ編
ⲻһһڶô򵥣ʮ֮һ֮ʮпǰٱ֮
һͺȣҶ˾ŸԪ۳ɺ۳ƣֱӺѾѿһŻɽ֮š
䣡
ɽ֮űˣһɫĹ⻪֮ͶһɫĻɹ⣬䵽Ҷ֮ϣԡɹ֮УҶ̩ղ˵壬˲ָ
𣬰ɺ죬ҶУӿҶ֮С
񣬽Щ뼺춴翪ʼתһʵ磬Ҳ
ɺڷɶ𣬽Ӻȫγɣе齨һ磬½棬ڰγɰҹ
һ磬ȻǷݱ䣬еķֽ֮
Ҷɣ˺ڣ춴ܲݱ磬ԼĵزԳһ磬춴磬ͻãʵ
ҲزǺֵļѣΪˣҲһܽĳ̶ȡ
ɫĹ⻪һյʱ䣬Ҷķ򣬾һٵ۷壬ѳٵɡ
⻪ʧȡ֮׽٣һɫɽŻ֮дֱӺҶ֮ϡ
䣡
һˮͰֵ׵ҶϣҶ޶ԣͨ׵Ҷв𲻵κá
ǿʼ׵ԽԽ࣬ȸܼڷӣҶ֮Ƥÿһα׵ϮҶ㶼޸
׵Ҳӽɫɫ׵Ҳֵȼ
ͨ׵ǳɫҲɫ׵磬ڸ߼ǽɫ׵磬Ͼɫ׵磬ɫ֮ϾǺɫɫ
ɫ׵֣Ҷüͷһ壬ɫ׵£ҶһΣȫѷ죬Ѫӿ

۳ɵķ飬ҶŭɽŻ׽٣Ҷŭˡ
վ񷡣
ҪңҾ죬ɣҿܲң
Ҷƣ׼ŭ죬һɲɫ׵֣һһҶζܣܻ塣
׽޷ܣֻгܣʧܣΪɢɡ
Ҷ㶼ѡֻһ·ɱһѪ·
ııģ
ϰٵ׵֣һҶϣҶѪ£ϵĹͷ¶ʮֿɲ
˳ʮɽ編ȻҲҪܳʮ׵ϮҶ㹻ǿѱ׽ٻ
Сӣɵˣ׽ٲŸնȹ֮һͿʼɽ編޸ⲻʣ÷ֵ׽١
Ľ׿ҶɵģһֱԼֵ׽٣֮£ֻóѡ
ֵ׽٣бףԴ׶˾Ƕõ˺ǿ׽ٵĵز
ߣ׽٣һرܣܣ
Ҷһ˱ɳ򣬶ɱЩģÿó
ÿһλˣЩ޸˿ڣҶоԼÿһϸɽ編Ҷû뵽ġ
Ҳ˵Ҷ£ÿһ缡޾ķȫõһǿϴ
־Ľ׶ˣҶֱͲˣǳˣˣͱ׽ˡ
ãܣ׽ٴ⼸߸˳ʶ
ǺˮһҶоԼԼٶɽ編Լ϶Ҳڿ
׽Խ࣬϶ҲǿҲõɽϿɡ


1144 ɾ
׽ٵԽԽͣϱڣ׵ԼٶҶѪ
˱ȡϰɾ򣬲̶̼ʱ䣬Ĵ롣
׽ҲеһңҶһ㣬ŽɫĹ󣬿ɲϢХܲϵ졣
ԲǧͻΪޣ׵һգγһƬյش
һˮ״ϸ׵ֲ֣һޣſ޴ҪҶɽȥ
ƣ
Կɲ׵磬Ҷһȭ׵֮ϣʱ䣬һɫĹȦ޾ȥ
ҶҲ׵Уֱˤڵϣҳһ޴ӣѱѪǣһѪ衣
ÿһ׵ϮҶоǿһ֣һöö컯̷ȥΪ֮ȪҶ˵ĵط˲ָ
ÿһϸɽķͷ˿֮Узӿռ䡣
֮ϣƣһ׵ۼһ𣬴㷢һΪɽ֮ڻϡ
ÿһζɽٶʱƣȥˣɽ֮žͻϣ׽Ҳ
СӣҪעˣ٣Ҳƽн٣溬һ˿֮ɲȥͻӡԺٽһ
Ľ׸Ҷ㴫һֺ٣ʮϡ٣ôҶϳˡ
ÿԽ֮ҵ⡣
Ҷվ𣬸ղˣѾȫָϢƺ͸Ҷ㵽׵˺ֵز
һ׽һֱӽҶҶ׽֮Уһ޴Ҷס
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һŭ𣬾Ҳ޷赲ԼɵĽŲһȭһȭݺݵĻ֮ϡ
Щ׵磬ֱ͸ҶڲҪݿڽҶĻ꺣Ҫ߽־
׵־Ҷ꺣֮У֮ìγһĻ֮⣬ʼ׵֮
ֱ֮ӽҶ֮Уʼݻı壬ʱƬˣʼջ֮Ҷһ˿
ְ֮ɣ
һޱȿɲˣޱȣɢŨϢ⣬ҶԼĹʽ
ֵ֮ʱ򣬻֮ȫȥҶ֣סһЩֱӱп޵ֵ֮
ܺã֮дӡ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ڹֶΣдӡֻɱһˣڿָ𽥼С
ڶ֮Ҷʮֿģʧ֮ì֣Щ׵ȫգȻҲմȾһЩ֮
׵磬ǻ֮Դ֮УдĻ֮ڶ֮ìˣҶٴζһŹֶΡ
˰˱ɱ¾֮һûҶţٵɣӦÿһս֮ˡ
ƾٵҲ֮ܽնɱΨһвҶ㣬ֻĽٵˡ
Ҷţڵĵ̣ò˶ã׽٣ʱʵٴαһ
ǳ򵥣Ҷ㿪ʼ̾磬֮תԪ
ɽ֮ϣתǼȥҶ˫Ŀ͸
ܺãͻջ̫ˡ
տʼͻȣҶʵȹ̵
رǸֵ⣬ûͻƵɾʱҶʩչţﵽ˵ɾҶܿĴڣɸ˵
׳Ҷ֮ܲܲҶҲһĪİ
ǰҶԲ˵ԼܲԼķ򣬵˽ɶ鼮֪ʶҶ֪ʶѴﵽ˵ز
Ӹ似鼮֮УҶҵһֵ壬֮ʩչ˴ڣһģһγ֮
˳һֵʯͷһɢһ࣬ɢ
ʯͷֻĵطŻ֣һ߿ż֮أһ濿ż֮ء
ҶɽӵĵطӦҲᵮס
ʶ͸֮Уʼ·򣬿ܲ
˵ɾԷƿظףҶܿ첶׽֮뵽֮С
ͱȽϼ򵥣⣬γ
ʱһȥƳɵתһźŴݳˣҶҴ۲ҵƺǨƵļ
ʱ䣬Ҷҵż̤ˣҪҶңһҲԡ
кܶǰҶɽڵһСǰҶ㡣
ԺԺҵȵȣңԶĲ˹ˣ֪ҶԽͻ
Ƴޱ֣˻ϲǣǳĵȻҶĵˣ⼸켱ȹϵϡ
Ҷٳٲ¶棬ҶڻҶƿأڷʲô飬û֪
ͣҶټҶΪԴԴϵĸ֮£ֻԼ񣬾ҪҶһ档
⼸죬ܰŶһϻ⼸ʱ䣬һֱڹԼүү
Ҷ¶ǻ֮Ҳչأʼ硣
Ҷ涨һ֮ڣֻʣ¼ˣѧԺ˾еĴ֮£ϰһϹ׼ݡ
ɽ֮ϣҶüͷ壬һֱ޷ֳʱԽԽҶǽ
棬ֻأһ̫ҶԺ֮У㣬ζ
ԭ
ҶͻȻȻ֮ǽֿγ塣
ܿ죬Ҷվӣ¶һߡ
֣
һҶ˳ûʲô飬ġ
Ҷ໥һۣһһҶ֣Ҳ֣ţҲţȫһģӿ̳ġ
ܺãҴһܰɣ
Ҷ㿴ŷɱ¾֮Ҳɱ¾֮˾Ȼɽ֮Ͽʼ֡
Ҷʩչκ似ģ³һģһʵ޼
֮
Ҷĳһڵոȥ
Ҳһö֮幥ٶȻһģһ
䣡
һ֮޾ɢȥɽ壬ΪһƬ촷ۣʧӰ٣ֻһ޴ӣס
Ҷֹ֣ͣƣǵĻԽԽŨ
񣬳ְɣ
Ҷ񣬷ҲһʵҲеɾҡ
ܺãҿҪ뿪ݣؼ壬ֻҪұͻһ
Ҷȫ׼
һµģҶԴ˲٣رǴӽɶȡԴ¶ʣ޼컯ʣ²١
һ飬
ɵˣʥѾܳٵһͲûˡ
ƯҶǰֲ֮򣬲㽫ܿռѣݻһ


1145 Ǩ
ʱҶϸϸ
һ𹬵һйһΪ㣬һʮͨԲǧСһСһء
ڶڵĹССмʮÿһǶģҲ˵мʮͬʱסԵӵ
һ̨淨ƣֿժǳ⾳ʺƽʱʱ򣬲ķ֮
ڹף̻֣׺
׺Ľ׵Ĳ²⣬ӦһƷȼǺܺãɶҲһСɣĴɣôܾ㱦
ǰ˵һƷҲ㹻Ҷʹˡ
׺Ư֮ϣҶ㿪ʼӡʼ
Ԫһ͸֮У֮ÿһ編򣬻ڲṹҶ㶼Ҫ˽⣬
ֻԪܴ߶Ҷ㾭׽٣ɽ編򣬼֮ܶԪ˿̵֮УԪٲһ㣬ˮӿӿ뵽׺֮С
֮鶼ûУҶ⣬Ҷֱӽڰ׺棬ܸõ
ûΪ飬ҶóֱǶ֮컯
ǰҲ֮٣ܲڷֳһʶҶȲˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㽫׺ֱӻΪһָֻСĹ䵽ҶĴ
úúãĽٵɣҲþˣǶԷҲ
ҶЦûй˸ˣֱգҶʵǵ½۷塣
֮󣬰׺ҶʶһҶ㱾֮У鿴Ļ
ȴӵһۿһƬ͵ֲܶľ꣬ʮïܣЩľЩҪˡ
ڶ޹Ҷ򵥿һžǵ㣬ȻҶϣʺϲƺֵĽƣܹͨأʺϱչش
УŮԺɣ
ҶǬðаŮԺǴǬ֮С
лл磡
аŮԾһֱǬˣܽӴ磬Ҳû˵ʱ
ڿԳˣȻ֮УԱǬǧ򱶣ˡ
СףҲȥɣԼҸط
Ҷ㽫СҲ˽ȥԼȥҸطȡͻƵ޵ز൱ڵɾ
һУҶңԶһԾʧԭأ뿪ˣûʲôġ
ΨһҶǣҵľĸףм壬ĸ׸嶼׵ѧԺҶҲˣǱ߰һЩͻƵϹŶתƹȥ
ݸ˲ţõ͵ݣγһѭݲվȽŸ
ϾݵԴֲѾȶˣͻȻһ϶ҪԴ
ҶҶҵʱҶҶ䶯ˣҶҲûмӣ˷׷״кЩϤˣ໥ӵһ¡
죬Ƴǲſʼƽ˷׷ȥڼ˴˵еҲС

ҶҴ˿̻ҶҾӢҶڳλãҶ档
ҪһҪ飡
ҶɨһȦ˲䰲ĿȫۼҶһϡ
סԸһ֣ҶλǴԼĸô򵥣ȻҶҾųɲҵֻʣһЩ޹ؽҪļҵ
ӽ쿪ʼҶҪգҪõķչҪı·Ҿ壬ݣ·չ
Ҷ㻺˵ȻһɣǴ˿̴˵ЧȻһ
֮˶˼ᣬͻȻ뿪϶ϾҲмˡ
ŴҵۣҶҲżȵ̸ˣҶż˵ȻǾǨһҵԸģҾǿ󣬿ԼչԸߵģҵȻӭ
Ҷ㻹Ǿ仰Ը뿪ˣǿ󣬸ߵģҪҶҡ
Ը⣡
Ҷҵӷ׷׾ֱۣԸ뿪ֻнݣܸõķչʶ۷塣
ֻҶ壬ǵȻܿҶѾǺˣһξǨô飬û
ܺãǰˣǶյϢˣһǸҶ壬ǰƳǳڵңﻹһˣһݡ
Ҷ˰֣֮УҶ㿴׷ĿҪġ
ˣҶɣЩûյϢģԭصȺ򡣡
ҶûյϢҧļأ˼ԣһҶң˶ʸһ뿪
ʱ䣬ߵһɶֻмΪûյϢ
Ҷ㣬ʲô˼ΪûյϢ
Ҷ̲סˣվڴ֮Уе㱻ˣ˵ĸоҶʵ
ʲô𣿡
Ҷ¶аЦ
һֱҪռԴҶڳˣôĵط㹻ˣ⣿
֮Ҷһֱ֮ͬ飬ûжǳ֣ѾһϣҶ㴵ܽɱǣҶöԼһ衣
ǶˣԴЩԺô档
ʣµˣһģҶƺˣҶ˴㡣
ûԴʲôϵҪΪǿߣҪԼȥŬ
ҶЦһ飬̫壬ûԼҶͱ壬ôܰݵ
ǲ֪ͼԼĸ뿪ɱǣѾǶĿˡ
ҶƿԣҶ˵ûûԴʲôϵҶͬûóԴ㡣
֪ˣӦöԷˣڶͬķϣһ뿪ɡ
߳Ͽͷԣı˳ƺС˵ЩˣûҶûѧԺǺܿͻᱻ˲ʳһա
ڼϣ
ҶЦˣЦ߳ϵɫͨ졣
Ǹҽ֮飬ңЩǶʲôˣֵҴ뿪
Ҷʣ⼸죬Ҷ㽫⼸һǰ˶СֽţҶ㲻׷ѾĶͣȻ顣
ǡ
߳Щģ϶һӾˡ
ûпǣԼ飬Ҫȥе
Ҷһ֣˵ȥĻᡣ
߳ϣҪ˵ˣʵǿΪΪٿؼ壬û˼֮顣
ҶϾԷŭǺܺá
Ϊ˵ҾͻῪ뿪
ҶĵļҶ޶ԡ
ǣһһ̣ҾͶǶɱģҳҶѪѱһʬ塣
Ҷ˵꣬һɿɲɱɢֻʣ¼ʮˣȻܲסڵء
ֻһĨϢǳܲסҶˣǧ˶ҲҶһȭɱ
ҶߵһɶֻвʮˣվԺſտյҶңᡣ
ǰʯͷԼĽţΥɻûм֮飬ҶҲûм֮塣


1146 Ĵ
ҶĵˣҶЦѣѧԺѾҶҲǺϵһˣʣҶ֮ˣֻˡ
ʵҶ־ٶҶ֪Ҷ棬һμǨƣЩȫȥ
ûʣµҶˣҶһ˦֣ʧԭأƴҶ׼Ĳˣһǰݡ
Ƴڣ߷׷פݣˣṳ̂ݣ˵Ǩ
Ҷǵһˣһµ漣
˾УϣԪ˵ȵȣиǰУԺҲתƣŲݡ
ֻܸõķչҲڽһ
ߣӵһѰ۷ģȴľͷ޷ǰһ
ǰˣߵĸ߶ȣԴ˵֮еľ硣
ҶǧˣѧԺһٶˣܳң壬׷С
õѩҲˣ˾ôȻҶִѧԺΪ֮У󲿷֣Ҷ㶼й
ҶҲƣγɣֻ޾ͷϵǰֻܽЩݵ֮Ժ
ˮۣˣҶû·һиͻᱻʵ̭
μ
ҶҵˣҶ֣׷񣬳ޱ׳ۡ
ѧԺǱҲһμ̫ϳϣ
ҶֶһݣѧԺ̫ϳϣλ˾֮ϡ

Ҷһӣһ޴մˣˣǧȥԵÿտյ
ԶЩ߾ˣǺǿմһˣޱ𺳵ĳЩֵ߷׷˷ܵĺоС
ҶڻʱȥһöմΪװǣһ·У֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ҶȲˡ
Ⱥ½½ĵȥɣûȿֺ֣ʮƽĬĬĿһ󣬽ƬεļԺ֮С
ŴʧֳЩء
ҪΪһǿߣҪܶණֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬴ݻʱ䣬Ų£һ뿪
Ҷȴܴÿһ˵Ķ棬һ
Ҷ˵ûֻҪܳΪǿߣ벻⣬մֶ½Ҳڳٳߡ
ʱ䣬ֳ仯߿ȫ׵̤մ
һУҶ˾е˴кҲմ봬֮Уܿ컯Ϊһǣմʧ»վԭصˣƺֻеĸо
̶һ£һֱоΣҶҲҴңȥҲҴңݣõ񻰡
մ֮УŮڱչأҶҲѵУ󲿷ʱ䣬ĸ˵
ң
ҶĴվһˣʮֹʵ
߻㲻Ҫɣ
Ҷʮ⣬һ崺ĸо֣ҶǵãԼȱʱӷɵ׷ɱѪ
ʱҶоǱܣͻȻʧҶͲ²⣬˰оԼʱ˾Ǹ߻
ǰҶ㲻֪Ҷﵽ˵ɾϢϣϣֱ
˵߻Ҷ㻹о֮Ҷһֱûüл

߻֮Ҷʾ˵
֮󣬸߻ϾҶһɳҲһꡣ
ӽҹǲҪ˽һºĸ
߻̽Եʵ
˴򽻵ʡ£˵˵ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ߻ܴһӴĺ󣬾Բ򵥣飬ͳһ
ڹϴҵʱѾˣʱüˣ֪ûз仯
ԭ߻֪Ҷһ֮ǰЩϢ˳
ӹ߻ݹҶϣûȥǿ߻
߻˵˵ڵ뺣мְգ¾ȳ
ҶҪ߻
ӣ滰Ǽٻ
߻ҶΪʡ
滰
Ҷ㲻ϲٻ滰ʮҲҪ֪и
ѣǳѣ
߻üҶҲ̤۷壬ǷƬĲʲôǵ׵Ĵڡ

Ҷ׷ʡ
ȹȥ˾ˡ
߻ûнԭһеȵȻ
˺ܶϢҶ˸߻ϵüͷ΢壬Ȼ֪߻˵ںδ
ʵʵ
򿿽ɽ磬ЩŴӳʱ򣬾ܴԴõɹϴʵȻҪ½ƶ֮أǿ
Ҷʶȥ̻һͼ¼ʮϸһʱ䣬߻æµݵͼһ̻ܿ¡
һޱȾ޴ˣǰһ򣬳ǧǿɽһ൱һôסܶࡣ
ҲЩ棬ʮѷ̤㣬ЩǷ
֮䣬壬൱ڴһ߿ش
֮Укܶصشʱֻ벻֮лӦоУ֪Ҫ½Ӵٱ
ӴƺĸֻĸȽԶһЩ໥֮Ҳ壬֮УҲһ顣
ȴҲ࿪ʼۿ߻棬ϸıǣҶһĿȻ
Ҳкв˿ڣƹֱܺǺ¼壬˾ͽ壬Լ丮
ε˿ҲڼƣɷڣʥնսͳϽСǲȳһ㡣
߻ֻǽ˱Ƚǿļɣд̫࣬Ҷ
ȽϹ㣬ޱ¥ţѧԺɣ˿һǴ󲿷ֶЩȻ档
ԶħȻħפڣֱǻȪħڣԼħڡ
ĻȻҶ׼ǵ֪һѡ
һٵɵʵ򣬹Ҳǵ׵Ĵڡ
ҶʵǱϿô򵥣һٵɣɱٵɵʵ
ȻĽٵɣҶҲΪ塣
֪մҶҵӣѧԺ֮ˣ׷߳ѵõ
ҶЯŮʵΣֻĸо
ǵ֮ǰҶ㼸һ̤ݣڣҶı֮£ֱ̤ء
Ҷ磬ôͻȻӿݣôģǿ𣿡
ǱȽϵǣݸγɼˣͻȻƣ϶վֹԴ˹
İɣ׼
Ҷ˵Լɱϰٵ鲢δ̸Ǹһġ
Ҷ˵Ҳ׷ʣҶ£ı󶯣Բް֮¡
ⲻ֪˿ͷˣ׷ɱҶǧˣ˷ҵȼ壬ֻ˻ų⳹ݷˡ


1147 
ʱ䣬ݵĸڷı仯
ʮţ׷ټĵӣСȦӣң˰ƻ֮⣬ƺ˾䡣
־ݣȨλֵΪ˵λĿɳҲиΪһŮˣ֣һ£ַ졣
ǴҶףַ֮죬Ǹһйϵݵĸ֡
׷ɱǧˣңĪңƻң֮⣬ʣµ˻ˡ
ֻ˻Ҽͱ˵ˣΪֱ֮ӷˣȫǲסʱʲô顣
ӻˣڻ޷ܣһôɱôˣϢǴģȻм٣ⶼһˣ׷ɱҶһû϶ˡ
ĵĵȻƼңҶţƼȻΪǿļ塣
䲢ģΪҶ㻹ûϢ֪һʮּѣÿ춼ھ֮жȹ
Ϊ˼壬Լӱ׷ɱ޷վüβ
֮ٴηһ£Ҷعˣ켸ǧ˻ֱӰ嵽֮С
֪ӻĽݵʼӭӣʵӦ뵽Ҷ֣֮Ϊ㡣
μұҶȫռǧɵҲԵӵҶ㻹кܶҪ
Ľݵа˵İţһʱʮ˳Щȫ׵
ҹ
Ҷ㽫һЩﶼټѧԺҶѡˣΪѧԺߴҶֻҶҶϯĽݵ߻ڣʮһˣǵʵ˷츲صı仯
ǹҪ
Ҷ㿴һۣ˶ʮڴرǰˣҶ㲻һģʮֿġ
˵
ĽݵվЩ
ҲˣԱӣûһƵϵͳԺ϶⣬ԽҪƶһ׷һ¡
ҶûѧԺҶңʣµЩˣ˴˶ʶǻһ𣬳綼ìܡ
ǹôģ
ĽݵҲΪ鵣ǣȻǶҶĹҶĹֻҶһˡ
һˣѴһԺҲƶӦĹ򣬸һǿɺã
Ҷһ´ҵ
ѧԺǱߵȻûʱ򻹵ģΪҶҪǼ沢Ҷ֮Уǲġ
ڳֻҶҶüͷһ壬һγˣ˼ԺûҶˡ
ҶԺô죿
ҶվļرأȻϣҶһ
Ҷ壬֪㵣ĵʲôºϲԺҶҾʧˣ˼𣿡
Ҷ㿴һҶʵ
Ҷû˵Ҷ㣬ҶȻС壬ǾΪС壬ӦеĶ
ˡֱԣϲˣҲδؾһ顣
ҶվΪϲˣҲںϵһ𣬱ϾĶţ˭Ҳ˭ìܡ
ѧԺҶңǿ϶뷨ҶʧҶҲͬ⣬Բ˽Ļ顣
ģ뵽ˣǹǰѾİŸ˵£ȥ֮Լȥš
⣬Ҷ
˵
ĽݵҶ㣬һһƵĴ

һҹʱܿȥҶ˷ܵЦ뿪Ҷ㷿䣬ҶЦ⣬Ҷõ˵Ĳɡ
Ǹţİ취
ҶһĽ֮ɫʮҶ̡
ľʲôˣȻ뵽ȫİ취ֱȫҶңǰ⣬ҪǣԺֶһˡ
ҶҶԴЦ
ԭҶҶ򻮷һҶ˳Ż֮λҶﵣΣҶҡ
ڳһ˼ˣγĸÿڣҶˣˣʨˣˡ
ҪǣҶҲһˣලĸˣһ˱Ѿˣˣһɱ
ල˵Ҷ㣬ɱȨĸƳ˵λһܸߡ
ҶȻҶˣǺֻܶ࣬мˣѧԺʨĽݵ죬Ըбɰ죬׼ǸһЩʦ֮оŰԣ֮ȵȣ
һȫµľ˳ˣ˵ѡҲѡҶѡҶѧԺѡܳʨѡѡ໥ල
Ժ˲׳Ҳ˽ǲȨᣬֻල˸С
ñһִֻҶǲ
Ҷİţûһ˷ԣʮָˣоѹѹжҶĸ໥Ͼƶǡ
ҶȻΪȻڵľСĿò˶ã˾ͻ쳹ݡ
Ľ㰲ŵ鰲ŵôˡ
ڶ죬ҶĽݵѯʵ
ѾȥˣʮţңԼ壬ר͹ȥӡ
Ľݵʮֹ˵
ã֮ûߣҼ¼һ¡
Ҷ˵ͷԶ
ݷˣͻȻðһˣҾ֮ŶҪǰȥμӣңң֪ͨˡ
ʱ䣬۷硣ۣǺηʥͻȻð˳
Ҷֵʱѡ˼Ĭ֪Щʲô
ʱһȥˣˣҶ㻹˼ҶݣҶأǲҲˡ
ҶȻҶĸףƽʱʱ˳ƺ
֪ˣҶ㣬̶ʱ䣬гǧ˼ˣ⼸æֽŶˡ
ܼ˵ĻǼ٣ΪѡҪ̡̫
һ׼καѾĳŵӣڶҪã䲻׼ʮ꣬ǰʲôù飬ȡһ̵סˡ
֮󣬾ŵƽʣҲ̶ʱ䣬ĽݵĴ֮£Ѿռ˲Դ
ΪǶôǿΪǸˣ֪Ǿ˵ˣ׷ó
ûԴǲеģ⼸죬ʳصĵȻԪҸһţԴռ졣
һɼٶȷչԴ׷ӿͳһţҪõԴҪ
ʱ䣬ã似ҩãá׷׽Ҳ˿ʼƹܡ
õѩţҲ顣
һУ˷׷׷еĻΪǾ˳ӡ
ıף˵ĳ
ҲãϾǾ̫ˣֻеݣ֪߿¡
Ҷһǧˣ뿪ǣҶѾҵһƬ򣬿ҶҰķչȥò˼꣬ҶҲչ
֮󣬾ŵƽʣ죬޾ϲ
Ҷ֣ϲϲ
ƻҾҾȻһˣԶͿʼϲ


1148 ˳
һؾ֮Уջ񲻴˵ǣһؾ֮УûѡҶ϶档
ǴҲкܴĹϵҶ̶̰꣬ʹﵽֵزðԼƷɲòµ
ӭӭֿ룡
߼ǿͣҶ㿪ʼкܿ˽˽ȥ
ʱ磬һЩĽСţСͼ׷׵ܶ಻
ҶɳȥֻʮţңԼҡ
ЩСţһûɷȥǼȻǰҶҲø뿪ҽǾʽӣҲҪ˼֤
ϾԺҲݵһ֣Ը涼ҪϤϤ
ʱ䣬Ȼ׼ʼԵ׽æ㽫Ҷ˶ˣԵò㡣
ʮҶҵһƬ򣬰һҶŻҶҵӡ
Ǿ˸ҶһĺӣҶʹ˹ˣһæµ
ʵڲˣ˳ǵԤ㡣
ĽݵüЩݣ֮Уȴ޾˷֮ɫһǧˣȥһЩάģʣ޼ˡ
ҶҲǷ˸տʼܶණҪϤԱȱܶ˶д
֪ˣһЩȹ˽ͺˣ
Ҷüǵ͹ԼݵĵλԭΪм㲻ˣ˭֪
ݣССŲͼ壬֮䣬һʱǧˣдԴԴϵĸ
ֺһ̧ˣ¼ļ۵ĸ첲Ҫϵˣȴ˷ܵЦݡ
û뵽ҶݣȻ˵λֻǽһˣôǰףء
ƼҼ
ٴ죬ƼҵˣҶһ˦ӣŲһţ̤̤̤ܿԳȥӭӡ
˴ţҶ㿴ƼǰǰǧˣȻʮ롣
ͷĺȻ䣬һʽװɷŴϣԼɽ

ҶȻ˵뿪ƼңǴҶҶΪ˱ȫƼҲû֮ģǾãҶĺܡ
ô֪˽ֿ϶æҴһǧˣǶڴ飬о飬ǾͿˡ
Ҷļһ꣬û뵽ԼĶڸƽƽˡ
л
ҶϳһɨգٻĽݵһǧ뿪ˡ
һǧˣͺܼˣֲ˲
˷׷ףأҶ㶼һһֳֻʣҶˡ
ĸ𣿡
ЩȻǷĸ̫֪࣬Ҷء
ĸˣһ֮ĹϵʱҲĸ֮ʱ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪׹˼ɵʲô
Ƕ𣬶ĸһĴҶĸײԭԼԵ֪ҶصݣûǰǺ£Բŵȵ
Ҷ㶼źˣϵĳҲɢȥվڴ⣬Ҷһӭλ͡
̫һŵ
ڳϵ
ŵ
ȹ

ıĻ˷ʮŵ½½ˣȻҼҶ㣬ЩȻϻǾֳȻ֮ɫ
ʮŵ׷ɱĶɱ𣿡
ʮŵʵ
Ҫ־͹ǣһҰģֻѰԱˡ
µҶҲûıҪݣҲˣԼϣʱҲ˻
˵ɱô棬ʮӦúˣΪλҪףأ
Щ⣬ҶɱôˣʮţмңӦöҶ⣬ΪλҪǰ
ǲҲ
ҶһЦЦ֮У̫ĶǶ˳飬ԼĶˡ
Ÿһɻ֮ɫҶ˵Ҿ˵˾䣬μӣǿݳˡ
ּܼ򵥣ȴ޾İҶô򵥵һ仰ʮŲҶģһˣŶҪᡣ
һΪ׷ɱҶ㣬ܶʱţҲ٣Ԫˡ
Ҷһ˾նɱ˶ˣҪǵԸһţһҹ֮Ϊƽء
Ϊ˱ȫԼίȫǰμӾ˵ĳʽ
Ҽ
һȺ˽Ҽˡ
Ҷ磡
һӰܿȺ֮˳һҶĻǵܲ˹Ц
ɵѾͷļλ㶼ˣȥɣҲ̸㣡
ҶԴϽȥ
ЩȻڻǣҶ㲻ϰĽɫȻҪԷǿԼŮҶϵοһЦ
ҼϷ֧ССʮˣڼ֮£Щ֧׷ǰףء
Ҷ㣬ϲϲˣ
һϤӰӳ֣ǻǼ죬˿ҲǾӣƵǰ

Ҷ㻹ǿͿ
Ҷ㣬㻹ôѾǻǷ֧ˣһصڼңڳΪһϣ⻹Ҫĸ
ЦҶӵһ¡
ſھۼԽԽ࣬ӼңңĪң׷ǰ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ڽӴˣʱ䣬˽μǰԲﶼȦڿǲ
칬
һŮӳˣһɴ£̧һ޴Ľӣڽ棬һʮҵٸ칬Ĺ
Ȼˣмûڴ½߶ˡ
Ҽüͷ΢壬칬Ϊأ궼ֹһΣ쾹ȻԵ
Ҷ㲻ҵǰӭӡ
ӭ٣ʧԶӭˡ
׻Ҷ㻹Ҫ˵һ˵
ᣬŻ򵥣򵥣
˵꣬칬ӽһɴû˷ݡ
ˣ룡
ܿ˽һ˽ȥҶҲһͷˮղŹԼͷƺҪʲôϢ
˶࣬ҶҲ׷ʣֻܵæȥˡ
½½ҲԽԽˣǧǰףأݶ
ϧţֻһˣҲʮˣϾŻҪء
Ҷ֪һ˰˰ٶˣǸżǰֻ˾μӡ
ңһмһ䣬ԼһĴ궼ѻָ
ʱˣǽȥɣ
ûҶ˽ȥ
ټĴ֮У˿̾ۼǧˣǸ˷׷װƫ
ȻǧˣǾȻ򣬶Ƽҵڰţ׷ףһ޴ΣһëƤɢơ
ȻǵɾޣƾϢ˾
Ҵˣӭλĵ
Ҷվ˱һȭʮֿ˵

ʦ֣½ݣϾҪˡ
ǿ֮ϣһ˿£һϢޱӴ󣬿֮ˡ


1149 ͸¶Ϣ
һˣϢʮֻ񣬴ңԶǿմɢ档
û뵽СС½Ȼ
ʦ¶һ˿аЦҲʮֺֻЩ֮ӣܵõȡɽ編Լ
İʦ֣ǾҪõŵǵòڱصá
һһԸ͡

Ǵ˿̱һϲ֣˷׷ƣҶ߲ܣһһк
Ҿһ˾˸ҶҳӣһҪ
Ľݵһεˣɤӣֳ׵Ҷ㣬뵽֪ʲôҪ
ֳžҶվУϡ
ȿȡ
ҶȿԼɤӡ
Ҷ֪ƼҵӣνƼңû˵һ£Ҿͻס
ҶһԼĹ»վһԵĽݵһ֮ɫƺЩȫ֪
û뵽ҶǴݶһδôˣ֮ˣȻ뵽ˣȴ޷ϵһ
֮ݣĿѾ˵ˣѰҵĸףΪĸ׳ͷϹ۾
Һû첻ˣҵȴܳϣǿûмףͻȻȴϣʲôо
˵˿ʼҭΪ˸ף̤ݣҵʱҶ㻹侳䶼
һҪϻҪСȻڶ̶̼֮ڣΪ˾ǿߣվݵ۷壬
ʣܼݣû
ҶȻѾҵˣ㵱ĵλӦÿ˰ɣ
˴ʵҪ֪˭ôĶӡ
Ҳֳĸײԭʱʮ𣬵֪һҹϣ¶Բĸӡ
ǽҿԸĸûκιֻϣܻصǵߡ
Ҷ˵ѾӯˣʣܾûдҶﺰİĸо
ֳҪ֪˭
ĸףɣ
࣬һŮһʮҵٸ󻹸ɫˡ
ŶĲ£÷˸ں棬֮УЩ˵ʱˡ
ƽرǿŮЩӶ۾һҶ㲻ʵǿ󣬾Ȼ˶ĺ֪ò¶Ľ֮ɫ
һӰĴȺ֮˳䣬Ҷ֮᲻֪˳
߳ӰҶػһЩ곯˼ĺ룬
ʮףÿһǧھΣһҶء
أԲ𣡡
վҶ֮⣬ھεԭ¡
ûжԲң˵ˣҲΪ˱ȫҶңȻ뿪Ҳ㡣
ҶĸҲֳ֮գȾÿһˣ˷׷ײȥ۽ǵˮ
Ŀ˶ΪЦ
ǷĴӣǾͲҪڿ޿ˡ
ҶĸȥˮҶˣԼҶҳ֮գ֮Ĺֻһ
պܿ컺ͣҶĸ֣ʼ˴к
˵ĵȻƼˣû뵽˴˻һϵҲ˵ƹƼңҶƹҶҸˣԺҺһԳưˡ
Ȼ˸ˣҲ¶֮ɫ
һ׷ɱҶ㣬ƼûκʵѾţֶһҶ㣬һҪҶңԺҶˡ
ҶվԭأͻȻһϮ칬
ϲҶӣѰøףִˣּ壬ұģ
칬һ˿ģСŮһ㣬ҶɲСŮᣬʹ칬һ㡣
˵ЦˣȣֻһЩ飬ֵһᡣ
ҶЦһղŽʱҶ͸о칬лԼ̸
Ҷɷһ˵
˵˶ӣʶҲй¶ȥ

Ҷ뿪칬˴һĻ԰ûмˣڲˣȽϣһ޷롣
ʶ鿴һû˸٣Ҷʾ칬˵
֪ʲôҪ˵
Ҷʮֺ棬칬ΪҪԼ
ش飬һغ
칬ҲˣһСŮ˵̬
Ŷ
ݣɱҶˣƲ˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ʵ˾ʱ޷вͻƵɾǴﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
֪Ҷʵǿ󣬵ˣ죬Ҷ֪ɡ
칬Ҳ⣬вҶȷʵָ
Ǿͻ빬ͽ̣
Ҷ㱧һȭܸо칬ǿЦ˵֮ˣ϶ڡ
ϣҸҶ֮ǰܴӦһ
칬Ȼи
˵أ
ҶϲǱв˵ҲмʽҶ϶ʱ
ҶȲҪ˵
칬Ҳ˵
˵ɣ
ҶһЩġ
֪Ҷʣݿ϶޷㣬սӦһ飬򣬰Ҵһȥ
˵꣬칬
ô򵥣
Ҷûзϣȴ˾ˣ϶뿪ݣ
˵Ҳ򵥣˵Ҳѡ
칬ûнֻͣҪôͣҶ顣
ãҿԴӦ㣬Ҿ͵˵˵ˣ˭вҵ
ҶӦˡ
лҶ
ҶӦ칬¶ЦݣҶĿŮҲһˡ
Ҷ˵ͷʾ˵⡣
յϢкüˣ˵ʱŵң᲻ϧɱ
칬˵һ飬Ȼ˴ڽǰҡ
˭
Ҷо϶᲻ƽвԼˣѾڣܴ칬˵϶ͬһ㡣
˼кüˣӲͬѰ
ʶɡ
칬ʵ
Ҷ˵ͷϴλԭɱף˭֪ûлصƼңʧ
ѾħյϢѪĲ㡣
칬ٴαһϢ
˵
Ҷʵ
ֹҲ
칬Ҷһۣû΢Щʧ
һ˵ɣ
Ҷɺޱ仯κ飬ǹž޲
ʮţң壬Ѿ˹һ𣬳һ޴Դ֯һ󶩵
칬ôǴҶȴɱ⡣
ǻǲģҪɱԼ
ҶЦ
ʮŰ칬𣿡
Ҷ㷴ʡ
Ҿܾˣ
칬ʮֹϵػصܾһε룬ٲ
ҶʣⶼввˣףҲ֯ǡ


1150 Ϯ
칬뿪ˣҶһԭس˼û뵽Լȡ飬ѾǸطע׷ɱԼ
˷֮еҶ㣬˲첻ƽˡ
ףҲûңʮȻ˲ģң壬óԴ֯ɱԼ
ЩҶϵɱԽԽŨ
ԭΪͻƵɾҶԼɱ⣬ˣɱֹɱõİ취
֮УҶ㳯Ľݵ֣ߺܿ⣬Ҷ˹
Ҷ㸽˵˼䣬Ľݵ뿪֪ʲôȥˡ
֮УٲȻǣ˵ףأҪһöӡ
Ҷ֣þò
˹ûôľ
ն֣֣Ī֣֣
Ҷһһȭ̫һɵնԼնѩˣн飬Ī̩ѩǸŻǼţҶߵıȽϽ
Ҷ֣û뵽㾹Ȼһôľϲ;Ż
ѩЩţؾ֮гҲһ£ֳһȻ
ǴԺա
ЩŵӸùϵԾԺķչĪĺô
Ҷ̫ˣӦԺ󻹵öչˡ
Ī̩˵ʵȻǵɾǸҶȣ̫ˡ
֣⼸ȥˣһһʱ䡣
Ҷˣϴؾ֮УӦ˽飬һʱ䣬Ŀľ˳ľ
ҶֲҲûߣ̸̸ཻ̽һЩ顣
˵꣬˷׷׵ͷݣҶôѡ
Ҷʦܣҵˡ
Ǽ۵Ĺ׳ƺ׻̣Ц˷׷׹ˣҶкЩ˸Ҷͬ䣬ûôľ
ᣬЩڣ֮ǰҶ˫նֵ룬ʱỹģҶܴܲ
ŹȥãҶȻΪݶ仯Ҳ̫ˡ
һȺˣһʮǢǵò¶Ľ֮ɫǰûиҶùϵ
ͻȻ
Ҷüͷһ壬ϱ˸оҶΧȻ½
Ҷʦܣʲôˣ
˶ǲ⣬ΪҶͻȻˡ
û£Ǽҳȥһˣ
ҶŰοʾǼｻ̸ܿ뿪ȥ
Ҷ뿪ܿӴ棬һСĵĸȥЩҶӾ֮оϸѡľӢһܶ顣
棬ĽݵѾ֣ϱЩȻ
ӣȻ˴ýĺӶǳ֡
ղڴҶĽݵȥϢȻյϢһȺ˼ٳǸ
֪ˣԸȥһҿУɴ󡣡
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬Դḻ㿪ɴҲ֧źܳʱ䡣

Ľݵȥ׼ˣҶŵı飬߲ơ
Ҷվգ̧ۿԶһɫѪƳ߿ǵأȾƬ񷡣
ѪһŨѪ֮ϿգƺŵɿɲѪ֮
ڴȾ̸ĵЩˣ׷׶Ӧˣ¾Ʊ׷עĿ񷣬һƬѪƣϿա
੣Ҷ㣬ڡ
֮ϣһаһѪѹ£һѪɫӰ˳ס
ף
ƼҲϳˣƼҵӡ
ףϴûнɱȻǾ͵˵棬׽նɱ
Ҷ侲ײһֱһҪնɱ
ɱң
ҶҪɱԼ״ЦѪһѪˮʮа񣬾ȻҲﵽ˵ɾ
ؾɱңͻƵѪĲ㣬Ѿɱҡ
Ц徹Ȼĸı̬һ࣬ѳķ롣
ףʲôƼҵӣΪҪħ
ˮŭϴ֮ص׷䣬жģǧɽˣǧɽһ˵Ρ
੣ĿЦƼҵӣ
״ЦƺЦЦһ㡣
СڻɱҸ׵һ̿ʼҾͲƼҵӣƼҵӶҪ
˵꣬һŨɱ⣬ʵʡ
ܶ˿ʼ˽׷ʲô飬ΪζƼҵӣҪͬҲٸ֮꣬
ף࣬㸸׹壬ͼ߸Ƽңʱûɱ㣬ѾĿȻøжڻŴζƼҲΪ
˵죬û˱׵ΪˣڻǣǸ˾ͿʼˣԸƼңֱ˵ö֮
콫Ǹежһһʱ֪ô¡
ܿܣǶҪԺƼͳͳֵħ֮¡
ɫκǰᶼǿȨ֮£Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ҷ㣬ɨƽƼҡ
ôĿҲ·ͷ
ҶЦһһ䣬䵽֮ϡ
Щͣ󲿷ֶǿֵı飬ֻҶ𣬵Ȼܶ˶ô棬ҪɱҶ㡣
ǲǴһ£
ͻƵѪĲ㣬׸ǿ£Ҷ㻹δ͸оܣŲơ
ܺã룬ΪҾ˳һƷ
ɱ¾֮ˣҶԣʥɢԣȻǹ淺޾֮
˵ˣӦɱ㣬ҾͿԳΪݵߣ
һ֣ӿ޾Ѫ֮󣬾ȻħڵӣǾһսˡ
ɣҼʶһѪк֮
ؾҶۣ֮ɱףûκԥ֮ۻ
ͻƵɾ֮ѾܷɫĹâͫȱ׵ĿƵɾǡ
֮ǰĺɫҺޱĳҶǰҶüͷ΢壬ƺ˲һĶ
੣˼Ҳһöۣ֮ȻǷƷҲ֮һ
ü֮䣬ҲһöҶһģһۣ֮ħڵķƷ
ǷƷҲǵһħģ治ϴĥѾӵ֮һЩá
ԵҶ֮۵ʱ򣬸о
ಣ
ǼӰУƱһ̫ϳϷҶһ֡
Ϊ˶Ҿ𣿡
˵꣬ҲɳӰħħҲǵɾ
ףȥԼĶԹԼ
Ҷ㳯˵һ䣬ȥ׵ĶԹѾм֮ãи˶ˡ
֪ǿ󣬵ǶԷȻ϶б޻ǱСġ
䲻ԸҶԼһðգòһ˸Բʲôʧ
зִ磬ƾҲң
Ҷһӣ˾Ȼܿƣֱӱ˵ϡ
ǶٵɣȻܲסҶһòɫ䣬Ҷ㾹Ȼǿ˹


1151 ֮
Ҷ嵭дһµ棬òٴδʧɫҶʵȻ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
ԶҲһΪԼʵ㹻ǿˣѪĲ㣬ͻƵ˵ɾ
˭֪Ҷڶ̶һʱ䣬Ҳ˳ͻƵɾʵҪǰǿʮ
֮ϣ໥ɲϢɢҶ㲻Ҵ⣬Ѫһа֮µĲôǿ󣬶޷ɱ
ûκԥɱһˣκιа֮Ҷ㾡սʱҵѪѰһ
׵УֹѪɫ죬һ󷨣Ҷڡ
һҶоͻȻڰһεĺɫʰסˣΪһͷͷѪɫĳӣҶ˺ҧ
Ҫؾ֮еĳǿʮÿһͷޱȵſɲռ䶼ҧĿͿ졣
ն
Ҷһȣɱ¾֮ݺݵնһϣ֮Ҳ֮ǿ󣬺һ
ԽԽ࣬ܵתٶҲڼӿ죬ƬգѪɫǣԵޱа
੡
׷Ц
ҵѪٵɱȥҪҵѪûҶ㣬ɣ
׵Ҷը죬ΪһѪɫͷҪҶ񾭡
СС󷨣Ҳסң
Ҷ㴩ͷ֮Уһдӡˣһͷݺݵ¡
꣡
ķѣѪɽΪһͷаѪħٴγҶϯ
੣˵ǲɱҵġ
Щ涼׵꣬޷ɱ
дӡϷɣһͷͷ汻Ǻܿ죬ֻΪ̬ʳҶ㣬ǺҲҪ
뽩ֵ״̬ҶܱһƣҪȥܣ뵽˽ŵ״̬
Ҷ㱻ʮ־ģҪ֣Ҷ㶼޷ɱȥҲѰ·
֮ì
֮ˣƬն׵磬Ϊһûȥž
䣡
׵֮ϣֱӽըһѶ࣬Ҳ̶ã϶޾⣬˿ֱġ
鷢ˣЩը棬ܿϣһ棬Ҷڲϵӡ
һδγҶ㲻ûܽɱǱԽǿҶüͷԽԽ
˵ǲɱҵġ
ҶͼΧ׷Ц
ڶƼҵӵķϣֻҪϳңҿһ
Ҷس׵ЦԽԽ󣬸޼ɵ
ϣѾв¶аЦľƱڰףҶһҲǱ˴
Ĺң
ҶЦһһö֮ˣڵ淺ħħһֱӴһ䡣
֮ϣǲ֮ƣ֮֮ѲʴûжܲѪҲһ
֮
٣ֳոݺݵĸ£ɺͷ­޾Ѫˮ
ֵ鷢ˣδϣϲϵŤǻֱ֮֮ʴꡣ
Ť棬ɫһ䣬оԼһʹնϣնһı档
Ѫ죡
׽ӡһѪƸǹǣѪ꣬ͷ­ޣõѪϴ񣬿ʼϡ
ſҪϵ棬Ҷſۣ֮һɫҺЩѪ޸
֮Ȼǿ󣬵޾ʩչҶ䣬û뵽ѪȻа
Ƽһ˳Աˣ˳ĴӣȻ飬Ѳ
ܾۼԽԽ࣬Ѫ꽵٣ЩǴ˼ѪһĺУɺɫͷһ£Ҷ㵹
ͷмʮ֮Ҷֻضܣ󷨣ҶҪȥʮּѡ
ಣ
ڴʱԶ֮ϻһǣһӰ£һö޴ĺ«
ͽϲӣȻǰң
һˣʧһ֮õķ賤ϻˣҶսƼңʧӰ٣ڳˡ
Լͽܱ֮У賤һھƣûȥֱΪһ꣬ɢڲ֮ϡ
ֵ鷢ˣЩˮ֮ϣ濪ʼŤĲҽС
Сӣ׳治ǲûҵƵķˣˮ׳Ŀǣ
賤ϿŤ棬Ц
Զף淢ĲҽУһǼһЩԽܡ
þ
Ҷһȣ׼֮У׼ƣڶóˡ
ʮ̳ƣӵ˿УҶ㽣һɨֱ̳ըΪ꣬ɢ֮ϡ
͡
濪ʼãˮ֮ϣٵãܿһѪ⣬Ҳ޷ϡ
ĹҶһԾʧԭأֳּö̳ȥ
ҶƵԼѪӦйһ䣬Ҷ㼱̶
ߣʧȥѪҿʲôҶ
ҶɱȻһ£ᦱɳȥɱһס׵ȥ·Ҫնɱ
ʧȥѪ׺ܿԭα¶һٵɣʵôаţҶ㡣
꣡
׵ԴҶնǹ鷢ˣһԴðδ֮ܽɱ
Сӣþˮûգܽɱ
賤ϸҶ㴫þˮƣûգնѪ
ã
ҶҲ׼֮ףֱʩչдӡѹԭأ޷
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
оԼ屻ѹסˣ׷УϴκòգһҶѧˣ֮ƣѵĻᡣ
Ҳú
Ӧ㣬ŴҪɱңʦڣ
Ҷ飬ˮ󷨲ãȥ·ȫľˮ֮ϣĺ

Ҷٴʩչ׵и֧飬һŤ
Ѿʧȥ˷Ͼˮϵʴ꣬ҽڶ˻
Ҷ㣬ҴˣҴˣҰɣ
׿ʼˣͻƵ˵ɾ˭Ըһͳһ޴ħڣҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ˣһжʧˡ
ղЩֻЩˣϽ飬ⱻҶ㿴
̶һյʱ䣬˷츲صı仯ղһֱΧҶ㹥ȴˣһپˮ׺޻֮
׵ģҶ޶ԣҲܸᡣ
ħˣҶ׼ȼֱӽѪҲڡ


1152 һ
ħ棬һ𣬽װ
͡
䶯Ѫ⣬Ѿˮݣȼ·֬ըʮֶġ
һεѪˮ£Һ׼֣Ѫˮδ£ͱˡ
ҽУԽԽͣ񷶼ˣǵħ棬˿ǿһ
Ť壬Ҷûκֱ֮ӿһö۾ˣöα֮ۡ
Ұᣡ
ҶüĴһ⣬ֱ䵽öα֮棬ʼ
ȻħƵģܶҶʮãֱӰ뵽Լ֮֮С
ŷ룬ҶоԼ֮ۿʼĽһ˿˿ˣһ㡣
ɫҲ䷢չƺһöۣ֮Ѿ֮۵ķ롣
ͫȱ˲Ҳڶ̾ʩչǼףҶҲܲٿ˵ꡣ
ǰԷԼһҪԼǿ󣬺⵽ɡ
׻ȼգ
ҶüĴͻȻһ棬Ȼ׻ǻףڵĻ֡
Ŵףƹܻһ棬ûԽؼĻ֡
ֳ֮Ϊ׻𣬾˱մȾһЩҲữΪҽ֪׻ôǿ
ڲҽеף׻ֱӷһХٵŤҪ
ϧ׻רſ壬ħҪɱףҪһʱ䣬п
׻һضˣƺܲס׻

׷ĲҽУСܿ컯Ϊһѻҽʧؼ䣬һħӴʧ
ҶһΣо׻еԪȫ֮򶼱ˡ
ҶһԺҲʩչ׻ˣȻǿ󣬵Ǹ̫ˣһԼȥ
øղųȡα̫֮ķ򣬲žף֮𣬰Ҷʩչһ׻
ԶЩħڵĵӻгϷ׷׾䣬ͷܣҲҶҶĿֲѾǵ
رǸղŵ׻˼ľ֮ģȻƣ֮ۿǧ塣
𽥻ָƽħڵߣҶû׷ȥʧȥףħڼǲڳˣɱ벻ɱ޹ؽҪ
˵Ǵ󲿷Ҳ޹ģҶ㲻Ǻɱ֮ȻɱıҲøһˡ
ҶٵĻָԪº֢
ԪԪҩָԪҪʱ䣬ȥ޸ʮֻ
ҶʱһӰӳˣһһ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʮӰͬʱ֣·ͼһ㣬ɱ֣ʮֿɲɱ֡
ҪָӣһжôȻʮ˹ҶÿһŲĿռ䡣
Եɾɱֵķŭһһˣ϶˲䱻ɸӡ

Ҷŭŭ˼㣬նɱף֯ɱֳˡ
Ҷ׼Ҳĸл칬ǰй¶ϢҶ㻹ıĴֲ
ʮɱ֣ٵҵʵȻ͵ϮٵɣҪ޵
ͲֺˣֻҶʮ޴͵Ķޣÿһ絶պɨҪҶնϣи֧顣
ʱ̶̫ᷢˣĲ˼飬Ҷû·ˣʮγһ󷨣

Ҷǰ似⣬Եô԰ףΪ

һˣһ֮Ľɫʣһɨʮɱֱӱɳȥ
һУʯ֮䷢˶ʼϲ
ղŵ˲㻶ֻҪҶһǻĽ˻
ǡ
ˣͳˣҶʮɱͬʱѱɷѡ
ڴΪҶɵʱҶˣһ嫵µƣѹһС
ЩСߣʼɪɪ޷סѹơ
ҶȻ˷֮ǲ֮һɱִУһҲ
֮£ֻ¶Լĵƣ
ııġ
βһɨֱӱɳȥһڿѪȾ˲񷣬⼸˵Ĺ֮ϣɫĻ⡣
ΧҶһζʮɱֵϷ棬֮У޾ɱ⡣
֯ǺúݵֶΣǱܾ˰ɣ
Ҷ﷢ò˶Ĥʹס䣬ܲס
ʮ໥һۣƺһ˿𾪣յϢûҶ㻯һҲ˴ɱʧܣҶȥ
ܻղʮһҶ
ԥʮɱּûκһҶٴΰΧм䣬ÿһ˵Ĺޱȵ꣬ޱȺǾ˶ɱγɱ֡
𣡡
ҶһŭױȵĻ˷ۣɽХƿֲ֮ɲǼĹƬձѣѹݻٵ⾳ݺݵĳʮײȥ
ŭҶ㣬ɨʮţ˿ҶĿ⣬Ȼӡ

ſ³һŻ棬ǰɱʶԣһȥ

ֵ鷢ˣɱֱõʱһҶˣһֳ
꣡
ɱ벻ΪðһҶ㣬ⲻǷʵʵҶ㣬ȫʵ
ֽͨķжϳʵҲ籾ǿ
һʱ䣬Ҷնɱһ֯ɱ֣嫣һ䣬ֱӳɱײȥ
ϣҶѹκˣҶֱķʽ˵ĹΡ
顭
ϷƵıըһڵĶڳˣʮֿɲǱҶһ顣
̳þòȥǿڵס˵ߡ
֯ɱû뵽Ҳ²ⲻʧˣԭ֮ˣڷҪɱǡ
ܿʧҶҲΪģʮԪ
ֻʣ¾ɱ֣һűݣĶҶ㣬ǵ֮Уһ˿ɵ
ң˭ɱҵģҿһ
Ҷ˵ʧȥ͵ϮĻᣬɱԼǳ֮ѡ
ֻɱˣһŲ֪
Ҷǰɱʮֱػصһ˿顣
Ĳҽǻ׽ҾͲǲ˵
Ҷ㲻ǲ˵̵ֿǣһҳ˭Ļ֡
ʮţ磬ң˭ˣҶ㲻ֻд֪ܵ
˱ѹ
ԥҶֱӼ˱ѹ£ͻƵ˵ɾҶ㽫˱ٴһǿ󣬼˵޵еĴڡ
ɫ䣬⣬ǲҵһٴû֮С


1153 Ŵ
˱һµļһƺЩţǷô䵽Ҷ
Ӵѹ֮ƾ˵ٶȣҶ㲻ҪֱֻҪǵٶԡ
ҶҪһè׽ӵϷ״ݻЩ˵ġ
Ӷ֯ɱ֣ܻɱԼ
ɱ¾֮ˣһɱֺɨȥԷʵڰ˱ѹ֮£һࡣ
Ƿǿ֮ǶԷҲзܿư˱
Ϲѩĵӣһֺķ㽫˱ײ顣
Щɱ֣ƽʱʱֻɱˣһ㶼ǰɱĽ֡
ٶȻԥʮֱû֮ϣٴ
СףǸҾ
Ҷ㽫Сͷųֱû֮գһŭ𣬿ռ䷨ʼŤʮӰֱӱѹΡ

ǻδӦҶȳˣɱһʼո
꣡
һɱֱӱ˱սȥԺȡ뵽˱֮Уȡ˱Ҳ
һһֳɱ¾֮һֳ֮ʼո
ɱ¾ʱ޿̶ڵ
̫ˣ
ţʮٵɣҶݲȵɱˣֱ˼飬һߵѹ
ѹ߰˰ȥ׷ɱȫûҶɱݶĴڡ
ʮ֯ɱ֣ҶһӣʼŶ֫бۣ˸оǶʼ
սⰻȻս⣬Ӱÿһ˵񾭡
رǾ˸Ҷ֮ˣǺʶǿ似⼸Խǵ֪ݣ侳ٳ֣ɾˡ
˷ˣˣʼֻҪҶ㣬һ죬Ҳ۷塣
ɱɱɱɱǣ
Щ˳Ա̼ÿһ˵Ķ䣬ѪڣҶǵݲʱ䡣
ǽ죬Ǵ̫ĳҲǸȷѰ۷壬ǲܡ
ĳˣӯʮңʱһȷľû뿪Ҷ㡣
һ뿪ǽʧһѵĻᣬһҲµµΪ
ƼˣѪȼʼΪҶͣҶƼѪ˵ǿҲƼҵǿ
һţк޻һɬͷܣһǺķԴ붯֯ʮɱ֣ǶĴڡ
̶˲䣬˱Ҷֱնɱ嶪˱֮Уʼѹ
գۼĹ򣬿ֻʣˣҶ㼸ѹķʽѹƵ˶
СһػҪ߶ܣֻҪûգС׾ͽǼѹ
սʧȥ壬˾ʱ򣬾նɱٵɣͻƵһٵɣٵɺѹȫɱĴڡ
˵˭ɱҵģ
Ҷ㿴ʣµˣ䣬һ˿С
໥һۣӶԷ֮У˾Ȼ֮ɫ
ûκԥһҶȻͬھԱķʽҶ
úݵֶΣ
ҶҲû뵽ٵԱһ֣ưǶʧһա
׺ѹ
֮£Ҷ㶯һĹˣɹơ
˶֪Ҷȡһǵʲôû
ǽ죬֣¶֮ɫ׷עգôңԶĴڡ
Ҹŵƹܵʮܣһ㼫ٶãǵѵʱ򣬲Żʹá
Ҷ޹˼ɣֱʩչ
һܿռ俪ʼݣǵĵر³ܲסѹơ
һֱӶԭأ޷һ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
գ
˱ͻȻΪһ⣬ֱ˽ȥ׺һûҶ棬ʧ
ǰֲ֮䣬в˶ûп壬ʧˡ
ֻҶԼղŵҶԪŴ߶ǧ֮һʱ䡣
˾޷߶ԪԽԽ࣬ʹҲӦ֡
һһٵɣ޷߶˺ܽ߶Ҷһ˴߶¶֮ɫ׷׿Ҷ㣬֮У־顣
ս˲ԭΪٵԱԽҶըɻҽϧûг֣Ҷǰս
òһֱ̱ϣһ԰֮ɫ
սֹͣˣջָƽѪʧɱɢȥһжôг
Ҷϵɱûʧ֮ϣ̤ˣɨһȦǵЦԽԽŨ˱Ҷ㶢ûڡ
һйƽǵϿգҲʼϣҶɱķ龰ôһӶ
նɱѪףնɱ֯ɱ֣ɱˣˣսҲѰ
󷨣ˣһ׼뿪
Ҷص˴֮ϣ֮У޾ɱ⣬һӣĽݵɴûҶ˭Ҳ޷뿪ˡ
Ҷʲô˼ҲμˣףصҲףˣʱ䲻ˣǸøˡ
Ԫһվ֮ɫ׼뿪
뿪ʱȻ뿪ڻʱ򡣡
ҶЦһĪ֪ʲô飬䶼
ҶȻǿ󣬵ҲֶסǣΪףصģΪˣȻҪǣΪ
ڵҲվǺܺá
Ϊ
ҵ֪Ϊ
ʱ仹磬ǿһϷһȻͼ
ҶЦ˵칬֪Լڹ
׷ʲô飿
ҶסˣҲżƼڼ˸˽³ԹԺչἫΪ
ףзִ磬վһԹۿǣ
ҶվһߣҪеһˮʯѹˣɱġ
԰꣬ϸϸ˵
Ŵߵı飬Ľݵվ˳ôƽϢһŭҶô˵ġ
ЩԵˣҶ㲻Ե޹ʵ϶顣
ֻĻ̥ҶΪʲôǡ
Ƕҳ
˱֣ӰһſڵϣѱҶסˣ֯ɱ֡
ң˭ɱҵģǵĵλ֪ܲңҿһ
ҶĻһħ̣ڳһȻˣҶµˣ֯Ե޹ʵɱ
ңöʮٵɣƾһŸ޷ҲѹҶỳɡ
ɪɪҶзɱһ
ҪǵĻǣʱǲܣá
Ҷ·ħŵһ¡
ɱ֣һҲرǱ׽֮󣬸Ǻ¡


1154 һϷ
Ҷ֯Ķɱ֣˵սľֻĻ̥֮ˣ˿Щסˡ
˳ĬԣҶЦһһԪӿ֮Уʱ䣬˿ʼĲҽ
Ԫ棬Ҵǵһ㣬ϵиǵĽֱʹ
⻹ûнҶ㿪ʼѹǵ꣬Ҫ֪Ƿ˭
Ҷ㱾ôֻдԼ˵˵
ǲʶôҶֻýԪ͸ȥ꺣֮󣬴Ϣй¶Ҷ¶Ц⣬Ѿˡ
ڵϰˣҶ㳷Ԫ̱ڵϡ
Ѿ֪ˣڸһλᣬ˵ҿԸһʹ죬Ȼһһһ֯Ѿ֪ǵܶںδϣҿԲ׷
вݣһҶ֯ݣҲҲһɱ֣֮˻һ
£й¶֯ض飬ﲻˡ
˵ĻŹ֯
һֱ壬Ѿû뿪ֻҪҶŹ֯ԸҶ㣬˭ɱġ
ô˵棬Ϊһ𣿡
Ҷ˵֯ѾвԼһնɱôඥɱ֣ûм꣬֯޷ָָҲܴﵽڵĵز
˸ҶҼ귢չ϶ᷢչɳһʱ򲻾κˡ
ãҸǣϣҲܸһʹ죡
˺һƤȻǼٵòһ׳ˣƳ궼żٵߣʵףû֪ղع
˵ɣ
Ҷ㵯˵ָʾǿ˵ˡ
֯ɱҪй¶ܣ֮Уʱ˲ԾվһĽ֮ɫ
ôˣѵľˮʺθڣ
һվҶ¶аЦЦеʵ
ûУûУҶ˵Цˡ
һεЦЦʮٵΧ֮£Ҷ㶼ܴɱˣҲҲܶԸҶˡ
ȻûУǾ°ɣһϷ
Ҷʾ£һϷݡ
ƺ֪ҶҪʲôˣڳ˶ɵӣ֮ܿ
ܲٿ֯ôˣһѵҶ֪˭Ļʹ
ڿ˵ˣң˭ɱҵġ
Ҷ۽һ䣬ղЦеˡ
ʵ㶼֪ˣαʡ
̾ϢһԼĻǱҶѹεҶαڶһ١
ϻ˵˵
Ҷŭˣһɳɱ֣Ӵһ䣬ֱӶһ¡
Ҫһ֮ǰ˵һ֮ǰ֯ӵһ󵥣ǳĴ󵥣ǵʮҳȻһ𣬳޷ĶԴĿľɱһˡ
ӻ˵ʱҶˣ˹ӶǣǰɱҶ㡣
ɱǸ˾ң
ҶָָԼ
ľګĵ˵ͷԼ˵Ҳˡ
˶Դ
ҶûʮȻʶЩԴ
Ӽ򵥵˵һ飬ڳ˵һôԴһȻֱ߸˲˵
治û뵽ҵֵôԴ
ֺԴЩѾҶЦˣû뵽ԼôֵǮ
ԣҶԼɱԼȡôԴ
ҶЦһǵòͶһۣҶ˵ʵôԴ㹻þ˳ΪҶҳΪһ壬ҶôܲĶ
˵˵ɣʮȻ
Ҷ飬Įʵ
ֳ˲Ϣһ©һݣһʮȻȻʮˣ֪Ƕôֲһ顣
һţңӼң޻ңԪңڣȨԺԪ̣ȣ𵺣
һ˵ʮ֣׷׶ݳÿһƼң㶶һݶҪһ£Ȼһ𣬶ԸҶһˡ
Ѿÿһ䣬ɫܲÿɢɱ⡣
Щ׷ɱҶ㲻㣬ڻһ𣬳Դôɱ֣ĿľǲҶ㣬Ŀ
Ҷˣкθ룿
Ҷ˽˴ȥɨһȦ˲Լ˫ۣǸղű㵽ʮȻ
ƻңҺԼӵȰ棬ûвȥȻƻҲʧء
ҶһᣬһǺ˵˵ݺǣ
һٴվȻ˵һᡣ
᣿
ҶЦ
˼ˣΪβ˵ˣƫƫѡʮҡ
Ҷ㷴ʣ˵һ޻˵˵ѣ֯ԩ޳ΪҪǡ
ҶѾǵĻǣǼ٣Ҷ֪
ȿȣҶȷʵһᣬǵȷй뷨ʱһʱߣ˷ٶǺǶˣҪȥ׷ɱ֯һӵ޷Ҳ֪
˵ι˵ҶûжĳޣʱҲվε
Ҷ۽һһȹ˵ĵȷû;ȷʵҪȥ׷ɱ֯һӵͱɣǹء
˵ģΪǻܰȫ𣿡
Ҷȹ˵ʵ顣
ҶѾ֪ˣҶһˡĻᡣ
ԪҲΣڿɴҶҪɱǣһѴ֮
һ󣬵ǲҲĻء
ԪˣҶҲɱ֮ˣᵱȻԸǣͿôˡ
ղŴҶһѺΪҶ֪֮󣬻ɱ䣬ʮŵ˶ɱ
ҶĿǣƺûдɱǣ֪Ҷʲô˼
Ҷָ㣬һӣ
޻ҲҪˣûʲôȻҪһҶ㷢쭣ûһܻӳȥ
ʣڳǸҶ֪ǵֵ٣
Ҷ¶޺ЦݣԼֵô֪࣬ǵֵ١
òΪˣȻҶ㻰˼ˡ
Ƕ쵱һ϶ҪССǾͲˣǵңò˶ãͻᱻʳһա
ŴΪѵӣҶͼӴףѭѭյ˵һʦպڷ
ҶĻףһĴ𰸣ҶһҲɱˡ
ҶҪĨˣֱ˵˰ɣ
εҲһƢֱվʵҶһʹ컰
ãҾϲˬ磡
Ҷ֣֪Ϊ˫ɣĲҧгݣȴ˵ʲô
ǼȻóôԴȡҵܼ򵥣óԵȵԴȡǵһԡ
ҶɱǹȻޣĿģҶֻһɱ벻ɱѾҪˡ


1155 
ɱ벻ɱЩˣѾ޹ؽҪôˣǧʱ䣬Ҳ޷ָԭеĸ߶ȡ
ȫɱˣҶ㻹һɱͽĳƺţǣȡԴ
˸ҶҪչһǲģҪ˶ǿݣԼĵλ
ҶЩѶȣѾóôԴóԴˡ
Ϊ֮ɫһΪɱҶ㣬ó˴Դó¾ҪɽţǸŻңԼңҪ˼ǧꡣ
òҶ¶Ϊ֮ɫȻǶԶ˵ūɣֻȥһȥȡϢˡ
ҶװΪѵӣǵǣò˺ݺݵıһҶ㣬ռϷ磬װ޹ӣ޵̲סȥҧһڡ
ǶûеҶˣǹŵЦ⡣
ȡԽ֤࣬ʮȻͻٵ䣬ЩţңлᳬԽǣҪġ
Ҷ˼ݳ꣬ñ䶯䶯ˣЩһ޷ֻԻ͡
Щһţ޻ƽȵĴڣҲһλᣬɳԽԺݣǰȻܵҶǰ¡
Ҷ˼ǻˣǻȥʱ䣬㿴ɺã
һ˵£òͷᵽˣʲô
û⣡
Ҷشʮָɴ࣬һһֻҪȥòǾ˵ˣ˿󣬸Ҷƴͬھ
һҲҶȥˣҲֲôʱʮһϣܶԿ
Ҫίһʱ䣬һˣҿһ뿪ȥԴʮ֮ڣܴ룬ǾͶԲˣ˶Ҫһӵū
Ҷ㿴һ˵
㡭
һɫ˲ˣֲҷ
ʲôһһ
Ҷɱ޺ЦݣǸ̽ĳһκв˼
ʱҲŷӦҶû뿪Էһˣȥ׼Դ˶
ʮʱ̫ˣǸղ
Ҳ¶ŭ⣬ʮʱ䣬չԴ
ܴܲչûйϵǵ飬ˣҲÆ£ÿҶӡҷ֪
ҶɺøǾȥ֪֮У涼˽ƣ͵֮
ɫ󾪣׷׼飬˺ܿɣΪ鲻ʲô⣬ȻЩ˸ҶûжԹ
ҪɱҶʮȻһɫܵγˮһ飬ɫ䡣
ҶʲôʱֽţǾȻһ㲻֪ٴοҶ㣬֮У¶־֮ɫҶҪɱǣһֻһ򵥡
ίλˣ˲ٷ䣬ĵʮɣ
Ҷһ֣ʮ˳ҶѵļʮˣЩ˴ˣȻһ˷
ֶΣòˣѺſʮŵˡ
˼ôҼЦˣ
Ǳֳ֮һӻҶҲ𽥱ƽ
Щûвŷ׷¶֮ɫٴףһϲҶˣֳɹ߽һɱ
һӵûͬߣڲп磬һٲ
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬һζǶζ
Ҷ㣬ҹ
֮ϣղ˹ɴ
һնɱףִ֯ʮţ˭һʱ䣬̫顣
Ҷü֮䣬ɭĺȻ֪˭ˣ칬֪һλǰΪ
Ҷ֣ǳȥս˭֪ơ
ѩ̲סˣ֡
׳壬ƺףնε˷׷׸ͣѰҶ㵱ֵܿ
ǵĺˣһˣҶûаգ޷ȹһ٣еһУǹ̡
˼ı飬ҶʮָжҶҪѣҪʵķߣΪѵʱվʾǶҶ塣
Ľûҵ׼ɴ󣡡
ҶתĽݵԸ˲֯ɱ֣Ŀֻǻɱһˡ
ˣҲף٣ͨͨɱΪ칬˵½һū½Űɱɱһ
ǣӣ
ĽݵϰԳƺҶΪӣػ
ҷ׷棬ңǿգ֮ϣվŮһŮһϢޱǿݸܲôǿϢ
֮ˣ
һֻкϻﵽٵɣϧѱأǷŶ
ǰˣʮᣬҲʮ꣬ȻﵽٵɵĵزȻ֮ˡ
˶׷¶֮ɫû뵽Ҷȡ飬Ѿע⡣
Ҵʮ½֮У಻ʤ˵һƬƶ֮أǷ֮أһ㲻ǰ
ڲˣڣˣ»ΣݵİΣ
ǺˣΪڴ˴СУ
ҶɳҲһȣǺܺá
Ҷ㣿
һһɻ֮ɫΪҶôҲһͷû뵽ͱǻҪС
ݴﵽɾ˾֮⣬ʹﵽȷʵ١
һؾ֮Уǳֲ٣ϧҶɱĲˡ
Ҷ㣬֪λкָ̣
ҶʲôĿģҲֱ˺Ƥ
ҽңʥĵӣ˵õһöƶ֮أʹҿԴӦһԽʥ
˵ĽңֱԲĸҶ㣬εķʥ
һˣһӶԽ򣬳ܴﵽٵɣԱ֮
ҶջСϧҶ㲻һˡ
ô֪һȡһö
ҶЦеʵûоܾҲûдӦ
㲻ùܣϽɣҿԸһŵԺ򣬾һݡ
ЩͷƺҶ˵һʩᣬ·ڸϽ̸һ㡣
Ҳأ
Ҷ㻹Цеʵ׼ν߲߲ǺȻб
㲻ҲԼãΪľڣΪһ󣬾ܵǣ裬óݹ飬ֱӽΪƽء
ҵͻȻҶ㲻Ҫײˣĳ֮ݶ˵һ
ǰԵ֮Ƕһ׸Ҳǡ
ҶҲŭˣļˣѣˣѾҶۣˣҶԼһëҶҲݡ


1156 ʥ
֮Ҫ¾ˣ·Щ˶ŭˣһָ֮
ಡ
ǷɳʮӰ仹ƱȳϣҼȳϣĪƻţס֣̫һһˡ
ڳǶٵ֮⣬סҲǶٵɣ̫һҲǶٵɣ˶һٵɡ
칬վһԣϢҲʮޣƲֹһٵɡ
ôʥ˿ûб仯ǿҵɱ⡣
Ϊ˶Ϳٶ࣬ҲһȺǻɱȰ㻹ǹԹԵؽȻݹ飬Ĩƽ
ұŭˣųʮˣɱ˲䱬
дǷʥȻ˰Ե½ȻǷ֮أҲܸԤģ֮ѴЭ飬򲻵ø½κ飬ǾȻΥЭ顣
˵ǵ棬˼ǧ֪꣬һЩ
ںܾǰ¹أ׼½ƽ⣬½ŵϢķչ
һζĸ棬½޷չ
˵û֮ȷЭ飬ɱǣ˭ֻ֪
ҷЦɱˣֻҪ˶ɱ˭֪ɱģôȥˡ
úݵģúݵֶΣ
Ҳˣֱһ㣬˵¾һգ¾һգֱ񹲷ߡ
˵ղЩ˻ɵϣҶ㽻ƽϢ
ҵĿ׼һõͻὫȫɱԾ󻼣ԲҶ㽻벻Ƕɱڡ
˼ǰǶɱˣҲ֪
Ҷ¶аЦģ֪
ʥ֪ݣʱʥ϶ưոݣҶڵ޷Կʥˡ
ɱǣ
һЦ·ЦЦһ㣬ͺñһֳľС˵Ҫȥɱһͷ͵Ұһ
ܺЦ𣿡
Ҷ㲢úЦֻɱǣѣҲܱȫԼļˣ÷ʥ֪
ԣҶҪȫɱ
Сӣȷʵ㶺ˣѵ֪ڵľ磬Ҳ߶ˣҲῼǣһ
ЦҶ뷨ˡ
˭˵һٵɾͲܴ߶ˡ
Ҷ㲻ΪȻ˵һٵȷʵܴ߶ƫƫҶӵоŸ˾ʱ򣬾͵ȡɽ編򣬶ʱ޿̲ٵȡԪŸԪĽٵɡ
ʦ֣ҿǽֱɱɣ뿪֮ء
һ̲סˣøҶȥʦǵͷˣһֱû˵
ʦܣȥɱˣõɨƽ
ʦ˵һ˵
ƽ˵ɸһˣһ仰Ҫɱˡ
ǣʦ֣
˳һЦݣĿĶҶ㣬·һ֣Լһ㡣
Сģ
䰵żΪҶ㵣ģԷٵɣ׵ɱһٵɣٵҲǱķݡ
İɣɱ˻δ
ҶЦһֱӼɱ¾֮ղŶʮٵɱֻ֣ڲս
СӣſսɣҲƽȣǲųûɱǣ򲻻ᷢ֡
賤ϺžƣҲǴŻ֪һϵе顣
ǣʦ𣡡
Ҷû˺֮ǣԷſֽŴսֻҪʥ֪С
һԼɱʥӵϢй¶ȥԼ˵һϢ
Լδȫɳʱ򣬾й¶Խ죬Ҷ̡
ԲѣģûмôģССϣҲݺ
Ц̤գһҶ㿿
ϣҶĸ÷ˣŵľۼһһȭΪҶ㰵ġ
СһԺө֮⣬һԣ
ҶȥȻҪսҪսٶȣԷˣ˲նɱһˣҶͻռݾԵơ
ӳʱҶͻȻˣһһҶ㣬ͻȻˡ
ɱһ
֮
ҶʩչҶͬʱлӸ벻Ҷ֣ͻȻһϮȵӦʱѾˡ
һз̫죬Ĳ˼飬֮Ѿ£һö޴ֱնӵͷ­
о񶼱ҶˣԷûзȷɱ͵Ϯĺð֡
ҿ
겻ٵɣһʵɲ⣬жϣ֮ϣҪǿеֵ֮
ͫȱ
һξɱĻᣬҶִϢĻᣬͫȱˣͻȻоһ㱣·޾Ԩ֮С

㱵˲䣬֮Ѿ£һ˶ͷ­ֱӱ˱ѹ档
ǰ󲻹ʯ֮䣬Ҷ˳նɱһٵɣԼû뵽ֶξϵ޷졣
һʦֻһЩţ̶һУҶնɱһٵɣֱ˼顣
Ӻ䶯ˣ˳ԱʼҶǿѾ̼Щľˡ
Сӣ㾹ȻԻ
ҴŭʦʵȻΣҲٵɣɾͱҶնɱò
Ի
ЦǾһȺ˵ǻֱ˻ʡ
ҶЦǾ
һ״̼Ǵ񾭣ڿʦܵʬ嶼ҶˣĻ
Сӣǵ͹ˣɱʦܣҲɣ
ɫɱû񷡣
һϣնɱ
ʦһȣһվ˳
ҶĮһ֣ͷʵߵͣʦֻΪ˸յ޼
ףˣҲסһˡ
칬֪˲ٶܰҲסһˣҸмһӦ
Ҷ㳯칬ٴ˵
ã
ԥĴӦƱˣս׼
칬ԥһ£ܿҲϡ
ҿԴӦ㣬ֻǣƣ
칬˵
ԣֻҪǣһ˾Ϳԡ
ҶûָɱˣҶûв´칬ӦҲ֮ˣƺԸǰļˡ
ʦҶ㰲ţüͷһ壬ƺЩˣСǶҲܷ꣬ҧҲ۵ġ
ôһٵɣжٵɣҪƴǲռơ
ಣ
ʦֳˣҶֱ£һŮʦһ֣ԸҶ㣬ǵҪĿҶ㡣
һһˣˣ׼һٻɱ
ɱȻ۸ˡ
˵Ĳ䣬̫һͷˣ仹˷׷׳֡
칬ң˵ֻǸǣơ


1157 ս
Ҹ칬սΪ򵥣ÿһҵĹ칬ǳɵĻ޷γв
ˣ߰һٵɣȴ׽⣬ƣӦʱûʲôΣա
Ҳ֮ˣ
ԽսԽľ칬ĹֶΣӵУܶ༼
ûʸ֪
Ϊ칬ɴҿòֻǴսַϲ²⡣
칬ֻǣƣԷص̬Ҽͼ칬˳֣칬뽺ŵ״̬
ΣյĴʱĪҶ㣬һˣüζʦʵΪǿ󣬾ܱ⡣
սԽԽңʦֵҲ𾪣û뵽֮أ߾Ȼα뺷һε͹ݣķչѳ

񣬶ɣ
ƾһˣѶԸʦָŮΨǣһˣҶлᡣ
÷񣬺ݺݵĳˣܿսַ˱仯ʩչ߱ʽεĿסʦ֣Ϸǣƣʱս൱
ҶԼ֮ƣŮȥսپնɱһˣвҲһ֡
˱
дӡ
ͫȱ
ɱһ
֮
Ҷǵƾ⻪ӿ룬գڵס¹ԣ޾ˣѣձ飬ɽݣɽӶѡ
Ůɫ䣬ûмһϾȻ˶ĵ⣬ҪˣÿһιٵɣҲ֪Ҷ㵽ɵġ
ʦҲɫ䣬ҪľȳŮ
ϧҶᣬ߱ʽѾʩչʽ޴رǵɾʩչǾ춯ء
Զ¶ľ֮ɫ֪ʦܵɺϣҶʵ̫ǿٵҲĶ֡
Ůûڵ֮Удӡһ䣬ݺݵĽŮģɱһֱӶ塣
֮ո꣬ͫȱʧȥʶ󱻰˱˲ѹսɲǼ
һҶնɱһˣղŻˣתֻʣˡ
䣡
ʦһȭɣһڽˣһ䣬Ҷ˹
Сӣ
ŮҶѹҲԶˣʦǷ蹷һܵصĴ̼
Сӣʦã
ʦֺһƽһƣݺݵĹҶ㣬ʦõĹϵͬһ㣬пµĹϵ򲻻ӡ

һҲȥ
ҶЦϱ壬ʦսƽֻ֣ǵƾһһѾ޸Ŀסʦ֡
ȥףս
ǱߣԽԽΣգȻڶ࣬ҲһȺɢ£޷Ҹ̥һҶ㲻Уǻ˲ߡ
õİսתǶٵɣƱҼˣʼķ
ɱһٵɣ˵ҲһսԺУĪİ
Ҷսķնɱˣ칬ʼԥˣֵٶͻȻӿ졣
ޱ¥ˣ
Ҽһ칬ҵһ˿ϢȻޱ¥ˡ
Ȼ֪ˣɣ
칬纮˪˫ֿʼɣɻ֣ҵȫ
ƻ꣬ȴޱȷиҵϣһѪ
һɿµϢ칬ɢҶ¶Ц⣬²ĹȻû칬
Ҳǰľ칬ʵȻҪһҪֲûﵽĽٵɣͬٵҪҲ֪ǿٱ
ɾƴǷ˭ĵԽ࣬ʵҲԽǿ
֪˭ˣΪһˣȻ㵽ݡ
ƿڴǴ̼칬ת֮䣬ѪӿϢԽԽ
ˣ
칬źղˣϢҳû˼£ҰѲ칬ķǣƣֻĿԴš
ˣֻ֣ʣˡ
ɱ֮칬ʮƽ֮У޾ʹ֮ɫ
ʧȥңʦһ𣬳ֻһҶץ˻ᣬĹһһУʩչ߱ʽʩչɱһ֮
ϣʦжԽԽҶĿסˡ
佻ֵ꣬ˣҲһľ˾֮ɫǰ
ԽսԽ£ռϷ磬걻ĽڽڰˣҪ߶ˣ·
սȶҶһҲȫ֣أַ⣬պ졣
֮⣡
ɱ˫ҲǺ֮⸨׵ʹ֮ϷÿһŲҶ㶼硣
ָһ㣬ɱ¾ֱ֮룬ʦֵǰغݺݵĴȥޱȡ
Ϊκβ𣡡
Ҷѹƣ̼ʦֵ񾭣ˣŭ
ϣ
ʦ֣ȴûѪɽһԷ棬һ㱦ף
׽£
ҶһǺöȻҲǲɶõıϣٵһҲˡ
ȻղһҶѿƶǣ̴ʦֵš
֣
ʦٴһȣĳһö޴ӭչһ䣬ҶݺݵҲǼƷ
̻ƣ㹻ĲϣлΪ֮УƱ鲼ݣܲƵĴڡ
ɱ¾֮ǵ׽٣ӡƣҲûлĵز
˱ʥ溬дƣֻأҪ޸
ֵһ̣ܵĿռ·⵽˽Ҷٶȴ𣬱סˡ
Ϊֻа𣿡
ҶЦһ˱˳ҲӭŴһɽСų⡣
Ű˱ʦɫܲÿЩ벻ףƶ֮أô˶ıһһ˵ϡ
ȥ
ʦһȣе˳ȥҶݺݵѹһѹ˲仯ΪѪˮ
Ǭ޼
Ҷ˫ֽӡ˱Ҳ˳ȥֵԷ¶κλᣬһĽ
򲻵ѣҶᶯãΪÿһζ̫ΣˣԼеԪ
ģ
ѣγһܺݺݵײȥֱӱƷɣ궼شץ˻ᣬһӽ
ץᣬ곹նɱһ
ҶΪģһ㵭Ĺγܲϵ죬֮ңǼƷһײʮٵһԱ
Һÿɴûвˣ׷׵Ҫһʱ޸
䣡䣡䣡
ըڼձһѷ죬˱صҶģĽǿʢ


1158 
֮ϣֻʣҶʦս˶վԶĹۿ岻֡
ͬ鶼ʦĿ£ҪɱҶȻˣһһ칬һ󣬼ʮɾ
Ҷ㲻˷ٿذ˱ѹķʽײȥ
飡
һײ˱ռϷ磬ϾʥҪȰ֪ǿٱ
ԼУʦɫ仯һУصģѺۣ۴С
ʲôƣһʹ֮ˣҲˣ
ҶЦŽŭʦ֣ЦԽԽŨ
ղҶնɱļϣȡ˴Щ㹻ԼһʱˣͻƶٵɻҪܶԴ
¶̫ϡ٣һһΣ컯ҶҲʮֲֿ⼸ϾȻЯǧöһ͡
иַĲϣʤҪҶˡ
Сӣ֪㷸Ƿʥĵӣһ﷣˶Ҫ
ʦִвʥĶУ϶ưոݡ
ͷڤ粻飬ǵ˵Ļɱǣ˭ֻ֪
Ҷ¶Цݣ͵͵ɱˣҲû֪
ߣΪƾɱ𡣡
ʦ˵꣬ʧԭأȻҪ뿪ھȥûбҪȥ԰ˡ
ܣŶûУ
Ҷһ䣬Ҳʧԭأߣһص򣬿϶ʱܵĻƼҸˡ
ʹ֮˼£Ϊһ⣬գ֮䣬׷ʦֻ֣мʮ֮ң
׷ս̶˲䣬ͷɳݣԶȥ
ٵɱһһٵ׷ɱֱ߸ʦɬΪֹЩţԼĸʦֵܾˡ
׷һʱҶ¶֮ɫ׷ȥ綼ᱻߣٵɵٶȣѳԽ˹٣ޱȣҪ׷ɱǳ֮ѡ
׺ѹ
֮£Ҷ׺һ˸ƣһܿռֱӱ
ôܣܴ߶
ʦִһϾǲ֮ɫ
ûʲôܣ
Ҷø£ɱһˣֱӶ壬ս˱֮УʧǰҲһʱ䡣
ΪҶԪܴ߶һʱ䣬ѾǼޡ
նɱһˣҶһתصݡ
ʱǣǳƽձסһˣˣһ˷ܵĺΪҶɡ
Ҷնɱһ¶֮ɫرǵһʱ֮Ҷ㷵ǣѪɫ
ô
Ź֮ɫ
նɱˣ
Ҷ֪ҵĵʲô֮ٴξȫɱֲˡ
ҶȻϢʱᴫ֮УȰ㻹С£ûв͸ǽ綼ҵһЩΪ֮
칬˵꣬óһҶ㣬뿪ǡ
Ҳ׷׸ǣûıҪҶҲҲǻԶԶıܿ
ˣǻָƽֻиҶϵʮ
һţ޻ҵˣ򱻹Ѻÿһ˻ȥﱸԴˡ
ҶҲ˳ŵó˱ýһʱ䣬˸Ҷ໥̽ĵá
˳׳˳췢飬һǿʼɵת
Ҷ㲢Դ⣬ʼĸϵˣܿ˴ﵽˡ
ĺģҶЩ˿ƣּϸ֮ģ޳ʱ䣬Ǹæˡ
ʮʱ䣬գۼʮţȻԴȡǵ峤
һΣʮŹҪǧ꣬˺ü棬ֺķԴͿ˼ҵס
ûͬǣǾȡǹӶ֯ɱ֣Ҳ䵽յľء
ЩԴҶٴι滮һһóҶңһھˣСһ͸Ƽҡ
ƼҶҶ֮Ҷ㲻壬Ѿһˡ
ϣЩԴ֮󣬷չǳѸ٣ѧԺЩţѾвͻƵ侳
ǵʶֻԴƣڲȱԴҶһĳԱѹסˡ
ѡĵĵӣҶصϣǾɳԺ˿ԽǴ
ʱһȥҶһ֣֮Ҳûз
ҵϣȡ˴һʱ䣬Ҷ˳ͻƵٵɣϢɽһ
䶼ʼҶ㣬ȫ͸Ҷ㵽ʵʲôزվҶߣһǿѹ
һµĸĸҲȻ仯һſʼ£޻ңԪңڣԪ̵ȵȣ׷ЩͨȫǲɢźܿΪ
ʱ䣬ǰʵһŵţ̷׷ȡ˶Էλá
ЩһٸҶʾãţӦûǾˡ
ҲӦҶ㣬ʱ䣬ƼȶصҶңҲȴҶһ˼
žҹҶڼŮ֮£ҹգƷƼȣЩǸԼ˲ٿ࣬ڿЪϢһ¡
Ҷ磬Ҫ뿪𣿡
Ҷͷǿգ֪ҶҪ뿪ˡ
Ҷûˣһһ֪
ǰǰ;գұһȥΪ˰ȫǻݣŬѾԴһС磬ʱǰһ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㸶̫࣬һС磬ֻо֮ˣлС
Ҷķö컯γһƬ컯С֮У컯֮ǳỤ̃رʺ˾
Ҷ㽫ҲС֮УֻҪҲݣҲԷһ
İɣҶ磬ǻúģҲҪСģǧҪǿ
÷ЩʣԲһ£Ҫֿˡ
黨ǲˣ
ݺݵһҶ⣬۵Ҷ죬˶ǶݺݵĵҶһۡ
ģǣѾǳ֪ˣ̫ࡣ
Ҷ㽫ڻʮ˵
һҹʱܿȥ
ɫһӰȻ뿪ǣʧʣҶ˭ҲûоԼ뿪ϢʱǷյĺá
Ҷչˣʱ٣û֪
ӣû뵽һٵɾնɱٵɣҴ۽磬Ҳˡ
߻ǰУҶûͼʧҲڡ
ҾͲҪôˣԺǺҶɣϹӹӵġ
߻Ҷо֮ҶһֱĻм
ɣҪС֪ɱңһǳƺӰɡ
߻֣Ѿ֪ҶµĹϵΡ
ҶЦһҲ˵ʲôֻø󣬷޾֮С


1159 
½ԽԽСܿһСڵ㣬ʧҶ֮С
ӣǰڣ
ʮʱ䣬ڿڣһ涴һ㣬֪쵽δ
ǿգûеɾʵ޷ȹ
ǵõ꣬¾ǸһȥģҶȻܴ߶ϧʱֻּܼʱ䣬ʺϸ·
ӣһмʮ涴ܽˣ涴һȥпܣ޾ʱ֮УҲ޷
߻ΪҶͣѹͨߣûҽ
Ҳڣпܽ޾ʱյУӴʧУѰҲ·
ʶ涴֮УҶʱһǱĳһеʶʧ
ӣǲʶ鿴ʱճ涴ˣ
ҶɫҰף߻æʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ңûü߹ӣ涴ͨʱգ޾ʶȥͻᱻ飬߻ãʧһЩԪߣпֱӽԪ飬޾֮С
߻µ˵
Ҷ㰵һգҺԼʶǿ󣬲һ١
߰ɣӣǽȥ
ʮˣ߻ڿԻصԼļ磬Щ
˵ʮ겻ܳҲˣ˵һչصʱ䣬Ƕͨ˵ǰ뱲ӹȥˡ
ҵͨڣ߻ȽȥˣҶһڵͨҶ֮󣬿ǳ
ͨȻǺɫȴܿ磬·һƬʰ쵵棬㻷ơ
ĴոǾ޴󣬶һֹһ
һҶǰٻûüۿѾʧʡ
һ޴ӳˣ·ܺᴩǼʣ֮ϣƺƯٶΪ̫ԶҶ塣
ڳ涴֮УҶ޷߻̸ֻԼ񣬿Ƭõ硣
ȫһƬ򣬸½ȫϵһƬ档
ǳ֮࣬ɫɫɫȵȣ֤ͬҲͬ
һʱʱ䣬ҶŸоһᣬ˺֮ʧһƬ磬Ư֮ϡ
£һľڣǴ˵е򣬿ɽĵط
ӣ㾧ڣǾܽ뺣򣡡
߻ıԱ΢΢
һ޼ʵҶҲ¶֮ɫ
һȥԶ򣬴ССһ󲿷ֶû
㾧ڣǺ򣬵ƾһͷľڣ֪ޱȾ޴Ҳгǧϰٸɡ
˺Ѿڣ˺ܿ׹ȥȻһϷɫҲǺ
ܴ󣬴ĳҶгǧϰٸÿһ־סࡣ
ӣڶߣԾҲҪһʱ䣬еĻһ֮á
߻ָңԶ塣
ҵŵɣڽ壡
֮зУһȫڶķѵʱ̫á
ҲôģǰӦýΪ࣬ס಻ǺǿƽʱʱȽϰݣǱǿճϫ߲ܶŻۼ
߻ָ򣬸Ҷ͡
ʲôǿճϫ
Ҷ㲻ֻʵ
Ĵ򿿽ɽ磬Ѿ֪ÿ꣬ͻᱬһǿճϫʱɽһͨ緢ɽƷʮ󣬿֮򣬷׽ӴΪǿճϫһըкܶ򱻾ߣֻ֮γһµ򡣡
߻䷳ΪҶܣϾҶҪ֮Ҫ˽ܶϢ
飿
Ҷһ˿ѹǿԭɽ꣬ͻѿһӣв֮򴵷֮С
˺ܿϣһƬߵɽ֮УҲ˵ע⡣
Ҷ򵥲鿴һΪ￿ɽ磬ޱȼ̣Ƕٵɣ˵ƵķУĿռ̶̳ȣݼʮ
Ũ̶ȣݳ޵ҶҪȫ˶֮Уܲ׽ȱɽ編Ȼ΢΢Ҷ㿴΢΢ɽ編ҲǱ
˫̤أһֺصĸоȻС½ֱ˼顣
̧ۿգԼôСԶһ򣬾ȻĹâ㣬һֵʣһ㱣Ĥһ
ӣ߰ɣҵȻǻΣա
߻鿴һûΣ֮ҶԼϽ뿪
Σգ
ҶһͷˮƽôΣա
в֪򱻡塯ȴ塯ռ죬ˣ˫ɼϸ϶ֲô
߻֪һȻʮûˣӦûڣΪ˰ȫȻ뿪ҵ塣
ƣ׼֮󣬳ٸȥ
һʱ֣ڿǳصӰӣӰζ
ɱ
˷ɾʱһСˣҶ߳ɱ
ҶתһһӰٵĳɱҪǳ֮Уʮ˽׷ᡣ
ˣ
߻װϷֱˡ
׷ɱǵȴ壬һʮֱ뺷ƤΣֳֳìϢɢ
ãǿ϶ǵͬ飡
߻˵ȴսǳ߽ܶԸԵľȴ塣
ǿΪԴѷܶණǿӶȴ岻ӶᣬѾɳΪһ塣
ԽԽҶ뵽ѾˣһѪͷһ˿ڣѪȾ˽׵ס
էһۿʮᣬһŮӣװ
ӿҶ֮¶֮ɫȻҪ֧
੣Сӣˣû뵽ǾȻ峤ŮǺ
Щȴܿ콫ΧҶ߻Ҳ⡣
峤Ů
Ҷ߻һۣ¶֮ɫû뵽۵꣬һŮ峤Ů
ȴԽԽԵȻ쵽ĵ̣ʵǿɶ񡣡
ŮչȻ𿣬ʮֺʵȻҲһٵɡ
ϧЩȴӣ뺷ʵһٵңǳͣҪͨ߳һԴҶվǰ԰һء
Сӣò˶ã򶼻ȴƹܣֻҪԹԵĸǻȥ׸ǵĴ֤ĺġ
һȴ̻¶һëʮֶģһͷҰޣ˫۷ɺ֮ɫһǵѪ໹Щͬ
ӣȴ棬һ˿Ѫȴӽ귱ܣѾԣǹﻹһЩ档
߻ĶҶ͡


1160 ֮
ԭȴһ˿ѪУԿʮֱ뺷壬޵飬Ƚϱꡣ
Ҷ߻ˣѾˣΪҶƣһͨˣҲ侳ңΪ﷨̣Ũ侳Ʊضǡ
ڸ߻Ÿյأʵ΢΢
ڶʮʱ򣬾ͱɵݣûܵõԴûжʱѱͬ˦Զ
λϣص壬ԴϧѾˣ˻ƽʱڡ
ʶݣ峤ŮɪɪҶ߿£һ£ȻӦɡ
λֻ·ÿǹȥ
Ҷ㳯ȴ˱һȭ£ز죬뵽֮Ҷ㲻ûУû֮ǰκһ
Ҷ㻹Ҫ뵢̫ʱ䣬ȴĵ̣ҶҲҪһԼı¡
·
Сӣ㵱ɵСôǾͲˣƭ뿪룡
̻¶ӷЦҶǲ·ˣȻˣҲ뿪й¶Ϣ
λȴֵܣ·ͨһ£ֻҪ壬뿪ǡ
߻ʮֿĳȴ˵˵ǵ˼ֻҪ壬ܿͻ뿪
壿ԺδΪγϡ
ϢǿʢƺոӲˣ弸֣ȴɱŨңҶҲоͻȻѵʲô
Ҫ壿
ʱҶߵŮʵƺҲ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ûҪȥ솴򡣡
Ҷʵش솴ĵ̣ҲҶҪȥĵط
Ĳ֪Ѿ𻵺öˣ򼸺֪Ҫǣֻкᴩ档
Ů˵ԭԭ𻵺öˡ
Ҷǵһ߻ʮδ֪廵ˣȴΪҶ˵ѣһͼĻԡ
Ҷ㶼ͲˣԼҶ㲻֪ǣЩȴҲš
СӣҿǾϸҪǣ춼Ҫ̲顣
ȴ˿ʼСսȦҶ˽İΧ
Ҷһ䣬˵ɼϸܲ
Ƕץȥô䣡
ͷȴһȣһҶˣҪǻ׽
Ůأ޷ֵŵɫҰף
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߻Ȼ֪ҶʵҪ֪Ҷôġ
һ
Ҷ㶯ˣҪնɱϢй¶ȥ
ɱ¾֮һĨй⣬ֱӳȺ֮УʼոЩδȴ壬оһʧȥʶ
ʮһٵɣҶһɱ̶˲䣬һʬ壬ҶһУʬ嶼ս˱֮Уʼ
վԭصŮˣСͣЩţǰʮӣȻǿһʱ䣬ȴնһɶ
תӣҶûɱ¾֮ǳŮ߹ȥ
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Ůսս˵
棬ǳ֮Σգ޾ǳűٵɽȥҲп䡣
ղ㲻˵Ѿʲô뿪
ҶɱŨŮȻʱ䡣
ûƭ㣬ȷˣҿ԰ԾϣڽԾ԰ֱӵִ솴ǡ
Ůٵ˵ΪҶĳԽԽϢܡ
ƾʲô˵ľģһƭǣ壬뻢ڡ
Ů۵ĲϣϢŮһֻҪҶһͣŮͻ档
ǧȷǼٵģ½ƣʱ򻹲ơ
ŮҶݣƭҶ㣬Ҷ½ƣѣҶҲа취ȡ
ã㣬ʲôʱ뿪ǣ
Ҷջسܱɱ˲ʧ֪߻󱳶ʪ͸һƬΪҶҪŮɱ
ҲҪʱ䣬һҪǵı£ֻǸָ·
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ڵѾ˱仯ҲǰȴͳΣڶһ壬֮죬˷˼·һҹ֮
ʮʱ䣬ϵĿԸȴ忹⣬岻įĩ
һС͵壬ں嵱УǾƾ壬Ծռ֮һԴ
ҶҪȥ֮࣬Ҫ壬Ծһϣڽ壬ֱӽ솴ǡ
ɫհ߽ǰ޴ĳǳ֮УǽӴ壬Ҳȴ壬ں壬Ͼǲֹ塣
ЩС壬һۼֻûǿ󣬶иԵĵ̡
һЩߣǣ׬ȡ֮Դ
Ҷ˵һԴ֮ǱȽʢԺŻռÿ꿪ɳ֮ͳȥ
Ȼں壬ΪǻҪΪ߷񣿡
Ҷ㲻⣬ĿƺԽ
Ů֣ҶҲǲ֪
ҪǳףҪԴڶҪ䷢ƲſԣȻԴûʵƣҲ塣
͵屳Ҳǿ֧ţĿľѹԴɼ֮
֮ôѲϣ֮滹һʣ֮⣬֮󣬶кܴĺôܲǳ֮
νǳ֮Ȼ֮Խ࣬Ҳܵ⣬֮Уǧǧ򣬶֮УͿôȥˡ
ÿһö֮ޱǳ꾭ɽűʸͬԲ˴֮溬ɽ編򣬲ǲ򣬶Ǻö
߻Ҳǰ𾪣û뵽żʮʱ䣬ͷı仯ղŴӲ솴ҲƽƺҲھһΣ
֪߽֮УɫҲȫʱ䣬Ҫ½ӳһʱʱ䣬ҹҲһ൱һʮĸʱ
ɫѾˣҸطϢһ·ɣҹʺϸ·ǿɲǹ࣬ҲǱضǣҹͻᾭû



1161 ϦĻ
ǣȽϤΪ˸лҶ֮ҵõĿջס¡
Ϊ˰ȫҶ粽룬סһ䣬׼䡣
ҹĻ١
ҶڴϣĿȻһ߳һȶ˵Ůǰ
Ůװ˿ǳģƨ΢̣ٲһ㷢һ˫ۣϴ񣬻һԳĽëס
˵òƵļһŮ
˫ۣҶĿޱ飬һۣ˫ۣʼ
ǸľͷѵȥԷ𣿡
˶ţӿԼòʧ¶ǿռҶֻǶһƳʮƽ޲
ðʮߣŶ˶ţҪȥԷ
ߣʳΪʳȹϣȥ塣
Ҷ˵
ǲԣҪԣ
˵꣬ͳȥҶ㣬̫Ȥˡ
׼ȥ
Ҷͺһز죬˭֪ûΣգóȻȥȴˣһ壬Ҳ˵壬Ҷü˰Ĵڷ֮С
ƫҪȥɱҡ
ҲƢղűҶӣܲãŮ˰ʹȻӣָо֪
Ů֮ɫԵĿǣʮֶģӣֻԼòɣ˵Ů˺ìܡ
һ˦ֱ֣ƿţ˳ȥ˿Ҷɱһ
ŰıӰҶɱƽϢվӣҲųȥȻ˽ƣһԷߣȷ鷳˴Լȥ塣
֮£ҶվӣϣҲһ¥ˡ
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ҵһŸɾӣ𰲾Ҷ֣¶һСҶҧгݡ
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Ҷʮ䣬ȷʵɱһ˿˿ɢɫ΢΢һ£֪Ҷ㲻ǿЦҲ顣
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㹻ݣ
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ˣ궫Ǿȥٱһ
ҶˣСŮһ˻Ҷ첲֪ΪһС¡
Ҷɢȥɱ⣬ϱҲ
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Сʵһ·ϣҶϢ˽̫ˣʮֺ棬ᣬʵȻǳǿ
ΪҪǺ档
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׷ʣϵľƺֱӵһƣһں¡
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Щڸ޼ɵ񲻶ϵɨ˲ԾһҺ޲ܽ·ǵ
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¾ƱץϵͿʼԣʮִ³ȴһζϾԵڲͬ
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ҶЦǣ˶ΪԼǸϲˣٵĿ⣬תսΪɱ
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ϲһѵϲһ𣿡
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Ҫʲôѵǿдҵˡ
Ҷװµӣ֮У˵Ĺâ
Ҹһᣬ
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˵أ
ҶͻȻһ䣬Ȼ½ҶߵİҲһѹ֪ʲô顣
ɲ㣬ϦĻ㻹ûɡ
˱ţȻϦĻҲһЩλҲ¥
Ҷ磬ҪǴߡ
ϦĻţɶһ£Ҷ㲻֪ϦĻ
ĸɫԣЩ걻̤ŮУ֪
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㡭
ĺݺݵҶһ£Ŀ죬һ㲻٣ղ׽ŪҶ㣬ܿҶͷ׽Ū
СӣʶȤǣԹˡ
ҶϦĻЦŨ
ͻȻıˣͦãûµʱȡȡ֡
Ҷָ̯̯֣ı⣬ϦĻ㱩ߡ
ǰ¶ɰ񣬲ǺݺݵĵһҶ㣬ղŲˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼˣǣ
ϦĻŷӦҶˣǣѹû㽻˵̸˵ϦĻһŭ
ˣǣ
̫߿Լ˰ɣԼˣҴֲȥǡ
Ҷεı飬ǵ߰𷢳ֱЦǴ̼ϦĻıƢ


1162 û
¥˲ˣϦĻϱɲɱ⡣
Сӣɹ̼ǣֵܻšĲӣ㻳ˡ
¶һ棬Ŀľ߰
ҲЩˣղŲӦ˭֪ϦĻͲҲͲҶΪѡ
Ҷ㲻ô죬Լ뻢ڣĻ̤ҪҶ㲻Լô죬һҶߺ˼롣
ȰǻԹԵĺȾƣҪңÿ
ҶĺϦĻԾһȻҶ˫ۣһ˫ʲô۾ֱ˵顣
磬ϻʲôֱɱˣֵܼԺúõһ֡
վҲС귢Ц
ĵ˵ĲϻʲôһССϣҲ˽ˡ
ҶϢصĺܺãֻ¶һٵɣǼǵ׵Ĵڡ
ǰϦĻжٵɣʵ֪Ҷ߳٣һˣ޷
Сӣ˶࣬ûеǳȥ
Ǿ¥һ֣϶ٻĻҲɵǿһôĿջ϶и֧֡
ѡ뿪ǰϡ
Ҷ磬ҪȥǴǲô
Ҷ㣬ҪȥֻҪȥȻû¡
ҪĵңղžӦ
Ҷһ˦֣ϦĻ뿪¥ϣѰԭء
ҶٴδתҲ˳ȥԸ⿴Ҷ¡
˷׷߳ȥһѵ˭ϲ
Ϊҹ٣˲Ǻܶ࣬м·ϦĻվ롣
ֵܿɼʮƥͬʱᴩ൱ڰ֮﷨̣ٵ£޷вЩ
Сӣ㻹֣һΪŵòҳء
ĻЦҶ㲻ǾͻһҹͲҶһӴڿջ档
ȻҶǵ⣬ɱҶ㣬Ůˡ
һֱ֣ѵǲ֣
֣ǾǱˣʲôУΨǸ˵С
Ҷ˵꣬۹ⲻƳһ°ǵһЦ
һԵİΪЦҶ˲ֵ˵ˡ
ϦĻҶ㻰˼ǲˡ
磬ҪɱСӣˣ
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վķһһʮִ׳ҶҲǰľ֮УɸֵķȻ˴׳Ҫǿʮ
ǿĺôķ̣Ũͬ𣬲֪Ҫǿٱ
СӣڹǵǰҿԸһʹ죬Ȼһ㳢ʲô
źһҶ㿿
ܿҶǰһ̽ҶץצǻǯޱȣЯ󺮷磬ޱȡ

ԷȻ֣ҶҲڲ׾һֱǰ̽дӡʽɵת䡣
꣡
ֻƽһ𣬷һһҽС
ҵ֡
ҽһԼұʧȥ֪ѪұʧҶš

жϱһ裬ֱϣǿĳֱӽɳȥǶߵķݣȻԼֱ۸ˡ
ۣ
һڿѪֱڿлԹȥԼֱ۷ϵΪ
䣡
ҽ˵ϣֱӳһδӣ׻ȥȫһѡ
˻δӦѾսһڵʯ֮䷢

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Ҫɱ㣬Ϊ𣡡
ʣ˷׷׳һɫǰϾУҲʮֺ˶ӵС
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˵ıӰûֻܿ߳ʧŴ֮л
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˴ɻ֮ɫţһٵɣһбҪٵϵʵſ԰ɡ
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Ҷ˵꣬뿪䣬Ϸţվԭط㶵İ
ӣղŲӦóɱ˵ģǴ۸ӣղϦĻֵʱҴһ£ϦĻǺˣҪ壬˶档
Ҷ߻һ䣬ΪջСֻʣˣҶֲ˼һŮ˼һ
ΪѡҲɱǣͻᱻɱ취ʵڲУֻܺ棬ðһԡ
Ҷ˰֣֪߻˼УҪϽȥ⣬ǸղҶҲǱƲѡ
߻Ҳ˵ʲôѾˣ˵档
ӣ뵽취ˣ
߻ֻתƻ⣬Ҷʵ
ʱûУֻһһȥ壬ܽã費ֻǿˡ
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ӣһ죬ȥһϢβܻȡƣ㿴ɺá
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ҲãҲһʱ䣬˵ȥɣ
Ҷ˵ͷͬ߻Ľ飬ȥǰ塣
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˵һ䣬Ǻܺá
Ϣһ죬Ǽ·
ҶҲø£˵һ䣬ٴ뿪°ԭط㶡


1163 
صԼķ䣬ʶһֱڰķ䣬ֿʼˡ
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Ҷ߻һͷֱҶ㣬Ҷȥ
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Ϊ˼壬֮£峤ľٴ룬ð޸壬һףȻ˵ʽ建һʱ䡣
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Ҷᣬݻʳٶȣվǳ֮ƣõİ취ҶԷüǿһζίȫ
Ҹ׹ܲôˣ֪Ȩ֮ƣֻңü并Ӳлꡣ
ٴεҶûаοÿ춼ֹᷢˣҲȥֹ淢չȻĶɣҲʹȻ
ֱ߻ŴƳƵգͺȵĶ̴ͻط֮Ҷ˸߻䡣
ôˣ
Ҷʵ
ĲˣҪһʱ壬һᡣ
߻Ϣ˵һ顣
˼ǻ쵽Ⱥ֮Уһ壿
ЩΣգҪʵݲС
߻ȷ˼ƽʱʱ岻򿪣֮󣬿϶뿪ҶԽλᣬ뿪ǡ
ǰֻһһˣȥ壬ȴᡣ
ʱҲûкõİ취ֻһһÿһǳ֮ԶҶ㵹ǿԺ磬Ǹ߻У侳һ棬û壬ֱӻᱻ˺顣
ڶ죬ٴ·ķȥһ·ϰĻ٣ĬĬ
߻ζĿһҶ㣬Ҷƽûκβŵ˵ͷҶ㲻ּɫ⶯ĵˡ
Ҷ磬һʱ䣬ǾܽķΧ
Ǵų⣬ǱҶƣ
İɣȽ巶ΧҾͷ뿪
֪飬Ҷʮͬ飬ͬ飬ҶҲΪ
ҪҶֿһվԭأûҶֿ
Ҷ磬һ飬ܴһ뿪𣿡
ʼϣҶܴһ뿪ǣͲڱˡ
Ҷüͷһ壬Լǰ;δڴһ׸鷳
ǰȥ솴ǣΣأߣΣգ飬ҾӦø㸸׺ú̸̸ܽ⡣
Ҷĳ˵
Ҳ£솴ǣҲʶˣֻҪҾԼ뿪ġ
żᶨҪҶһ뿪Ը֮ء
뿪ˣ㸸ô죬ô졣
ԣǺ鷳
Լļ壬¶ʹ֮ɫ
˵ĬˣҶ˵ûˣô죬һ֪϶Ƶ±ϣˡ
һ֮˽뵽˺ĵ̣һ޴ĳǳأһȣ˿ڣ󲿷ֶɺơ
û뿪ǸҶһ̣˼򵥵һзǳգҪ׼
ǳأҶ㿪ʼǲ˶ǵɾǳ֮У󲿷˶侳侳ռݾųɾš
ĵ漫٣ҪԴ̫ˣܶ˶Ǳǿ
ǳأҶһݵͼеȫϤ
סڳ࣬ƹܳǳ߳ԴʮС壬ƹµɡ
ҺռǧĶǳ֮򣬼սĽٵɣǳǿٵҲв٣ڶٵϰˣһٵǧˣһӴļ塣
ֻһ֧ĺ岻ǣһĴĺҼ֮ˣǰӲ
Ҹط֮󣬸߻ʼȥϢҶǰڿջȴ
վڿջ¥ϣֵҶ˼ص˼֮ǰħߣ¸ԼϬһĻĻǰ
솴֮ϣһŮϣҲԶһĳ˼֮ɫ
С㣬˾ͽˣСǲ
һѾ߽Ժ֮УСʵ

شʮָɴࡣ
С㣬ү
˵ͲҪ˵ˡ
¹ΪҪǧ֮⡣
ں˵Ĺ򣬴Ժ߽һ̤꣬ԼԺһ㡣
˾ͽ¹ҵԺӣ˭ġ
Щˣɫ˲
ġ
˾ͽ¹ã߽һߣǺ¼嵱
μ
Ѿ


1164 
ԺˣԼ׵һǣк
ˣҪϢ
˵߽꣬䣬վԺĺ¼Լ˾ͽ¹ˡ
˾ͽֶҪģСŮֻǺС뿪ˣϴСûĸףԸȽԣ˾ͽֶൣ
ú¼Ȼ˾ͽ¹˵˿Ļʵ
²ˣСܲŻ꣬һֱæȽƫһлġ
˾ͽ¹ʮֿ֮УȻһ˿߰棬ڵĺѲǰǰӣȺ¹ܶǰƲ۵׷
˾ͽһӣѾһΪһں¼֮ϣΪ˾ͽ壬һˣɽٳɹһֱûз
һȹŴ׽٣ɾˣԷɽ硣
ҲвˣԸ뿪һɽ磬ǵ׵ĴڣһҪͷʼ򣬾ǰĴڣܶ˶ǳԼδɽ緢֣չ壬ŷ֮ǰ巢չ
Ҳǣҡ
ҲΣأһʩչɽ֪ˣǣ֮ǿнɽ硣
Ϊ˵Ĵڣ˵ķ̫ǿһʩչһ磬Ϊάƽ⣬ңԶԶʱڣõϹţƶ˷
Ѿγйɣͨĳһȥı䡣
ȻСŮˣ˾ͽӾҳȥҺþû׽׽ˡ
¼εЦЦ
룡
˾ͽ¹ӦΪڣú¼С
뿪ƿ֮У˼
Ҷ磬ˣ㵽Ϊλ
˵꣬Ϊ˼壬̫ˣΪ˼壬ԼҸҪȥ
С㣬Ҷ˭֮һֱ
Ѿû뿪ͷɻ֮ɫʵ
һˣ
££޽ǵ鷢˵
Ѿͷ˭֪һˣֲ׷ȥֻþվһԡ

˿Ҳ˼λؿˣһˣƺʮֽţܶϢ粻ö֪
ǲûв͸ǽ˿ǵչ죬ѴϢһСϢǲϵĴ
ɫδ߻Ѿص˿ջҶڴ֮Уʹһɫվӣص˷֮С
ɴʲôϢ
Ҷæʵ߻ϱ죬ƺ̽һЩõϢ
һϢһϢҪһ
߻Ȼ˹ӣһγȥϢջͦࡣ
Ϣ
ҶѡϢ
ϢǺִˣǰĲ²һ֧һļˣǺڵˣ˵ڳشʣһԹ˲ϾҪԴԴϵԴӦһļˣǰҪԴӦڵ󡣡
߻˺ܶԴŻȡϢ
ʲôϢ
ҶһͷˮƺԼ뿪ûжĹϵɡ
ȻǺϢһκҪһЩ뿪УԺһյʱڣÿյʱڣŻ뿪
߻ϳ˷֮ɫԽԽãǲл뿪
Ҷ˵ͷˣǿУܷȹһضһδ֪һǣĿѹԴдһˣЩ뿪˭Ҳ
ǻϢʲô
Ҷʵ
Ϣ׹ﻹһЩ
߻һ۰һ˿֮ͬɫ
ҲһЩ
һ˿ƺ²⵽һЩʲô
ΪԴѹˣºڿգ֣׼֮ϮڣѾʲôܣԴֺ֧ڡ
߻Դ֮ͬɫ벻ԭϣð壬˭֪ڳˣѾ⡣
ȴʵǿ󣬺һڳԲ£õѡֻҪ壬ͻȴϷ߳Դ
УҪؼң
ؼңҲҪһ𣬲ܹ͵
ȱż岻Ǹ֮ǻʱ䡣
Ҷס˰ڷٵתҪ˼һȫ֮ߡ
߻Ǻڵʲôʱ뿪
Ҷѯʵ
ʱõԴͻ뿪ڳش仯Դ֧һʱ䡣
ʱҲȡԴ֮еҪҶĻҪҡ
ǿ϶޷һ뿪ˣʱ϶ǿأǷʺʱðա
Ҷ˼һ󣬵˵
߻Ҳ˵ͷںĴ£϶ῴصĸܣȥױ֣òʧ
ӵ˼
߻ȻͬҶĹ۵㣬ǰûбĺð취ѵһֱȥ
ǰõİ취֮󣬺ٽ壬ÿʱ䣬ڲֱӴ뿪
ȷǺ⣬߻޲ڣٽ壬ڲ飬Ǳȥĺʱ
Ҷ磬Ԥף˳ˡ
˵ۣȻܸҶһ뿪ˣ飬Ϊ֮Ů޷˵ҲҪϻȥҲҪͬ
ŰįıӰҶ߻һۣӱ˴˵֮У˾֮ɫ
⼸ദѾΪѣ˺Ȼ֪ȥɷɶ˻Ѱ·
Ҷʲôļ壬ԼҲôͬ
ӡ
߻ĺһ䣬ҲܣѰ·˭ﶼ
˵ˣ֪˵ʲô
Ҷ˰֣ʾ߻Ҫ˵ˣ϶ϣȫ֣ҪΪһС壬Լ顣
ˣѾص˺Ҳں⼸죬ŮôˣһЩϧǲҲȥĲУ뿪Ҳ٣ԣְһѣԺҲĪĺô
Ҷתͷû뵽߻˵һ
ôʲôô
Ҷ㿴ôȥһİļ壬Ҷ㻹ûиߴϵһ˵кôҶ㵹ҪǿǣƾΪ˰һҶΪ뻹ǲ
û˺壬ʱóһԴÿ꿪ɵֳ֮һǣԺ֮УҲһĵλˣƾһչǳѣԴӦͻ᷽˺ܶࡣ
߻ѾҶ㵱ԼˣʼΪҶ㽫㡣
Դγɹ̶ģʽҪȡԴҪڶʳ
ǰһûᣬһÿܿɳ֮ܶ￿࣬궼緢һų֮ܶ


1165 ﻮ
߻ĽҶȷʵˣΪǿ࣬ǳűԸǰ廵ˣûʺĵط
ΪطʺԴǼңŻһҹʱ䣬վȽŸ
ҪҶõǵԴԺһĪİ߻ʼΪҶ·
ã²˳٣ȥ壬ȴһ£嵽׻ж˹壬Σһ᲼һ
ҶĶˣԴһɹһʷıꡣ
ãǱ·ȥ׷ϢҾͻ뿪ǰ塣
߻Ҫ̽ϢҶ뿪
ԼҲҪСģͨѶһ飬֪ͨҡ
ҶͨѶʱ̹ͨ
ɫһӰ뿪ȥǰ𣬵֪ѣҹϻء
ſտĽֵޣȴֿ޲ֱ˵һŴϣĳҭ
޾Ϳ޳ɣ
ſڴϣоǳϾҪ֣֮ȴΪ֪
ͣסҭתӣһϤӰ
Ҷ硭
ֱ˽ҶĻʼʹҶļ
ˣһµġ
ҶŰο
Ҷ磬㲻Ҫοˣ֪ǼһڽӣҲҪȥ
ɿԼֱۣһߺ֮ɫȴ¶ȻΣҲҪͬ
ΪҪ̫ˡ
ҶҲȷֻϣܳתҲұ֤ܷԼԸȥչ
Ҷ磬ûˣȥɡ
ᣬüǿЩ飬Ҫȥԡ
һɣ
Ҷڶģԣְ壬ܻȡһԴԹвлرĵҶҪչԴΪҪ
Ҷ磬˵ģ
ЩţҶΪҪһȥ
һ˲ȫҲһʱȥɡ
Ҷļƻʱûи߰ΪҲûаգһ峬Ҷ󣬵ʱҶȻҲ壬ԴҪҲûҪûˣҪԴɶá
лˣ
ҶǻԼȥʮָм˺ܿ·ȥ
ǳ֮󣬴壬Ҫ·̣԰ҹ·
֮Ҷ̣Ҳһ޴ĳǳأܶ߸ߵĳǽ⼸ҲûϮ
Ҷ磬Ĳһص壿
ЩʧҶĻˡ
һҪȸ߻
Ҷ㵭˵̫ĶŮ鳤һ򣬵һΪ˺£ڶҶϣ壬ܸһ
ֻ򣬲ܽӴɽ編ҶлһȻ½һֻԭ̤
𲻺˵ʲôһǣ͸оղ˷׷׸ϳȥյϢ뿪ȥˡ
ҶԼڿջصڡ
ҹ߻糾͵ҲˣҶϡ
ӣеϢˡ
߻һʱ䣬ڴϢʮƣ
ż˵
ҶϢһ¡
һκɺսԴӣһһǧˣٵɾϰˣٵ߰ˣĽٵֻкսһˡ
Ϣ߻Ѿˣһκ㳲֣Ҫһټ
ҲˣΨһĲûĽٵɣսֵĹؼڡ
Ҷ죬Ӱ֪ܶϢûĽٵɣʵǿģҲٵɡ
һսǳѣٶٵɣҲ赲һĽٵɣ˺ڣܶѻ
Һϣ壬һûսܳ漣Ȼ׶༪١
ӣĴ֣
߻֪Ҷ㵽ǿʲôزģǰᣬϣҶʲôΣա
һʱ䣬ǿ׼һ£ҪһЩϣҳȥ򡣡
Ҷ˼һ£Ȼˣ϶ҪһһˣԽ޾ĺôҶÿһԡ
Ҷնɱ߰ٶ˵飬߻Ѿ֪ڵҶ㣬ڸ߻һ
Ҳݣ򣬵ɾضǣٵɶϡ档
뿪ջȥԴĵطҶϻв컯׷ó˺̻ܶĲϣĸ߻ҶҪʲô
Ҷ̻飬ûмϴըôˣһΪҶǴӽɶá
ǧ컯߻ǰ࣬ܶԴݶѰԴḻֻҪԴ򵽡
һҪһЩ׼
صջҶø߻棬Ҫ̻
ԵÿտյߵĻߵĲˣʣµĶԱ֮һЩˮģҲĵǱǡ
˿̵壬ҲǷণһз紵ݶ嶼
Ϊ˱壬ѾһЩӢ뿪Ϊ˱Ѫ
ʣµĶһսϿգһɱϢһĶײ
ƾ峤ܺɨ壬϶Էб⼸巢չѸ٣ϳ壬ָϳȴ壬ʵǳۻ롣
ɫˣһҹʱ䣬Ҷ㶼æµĸ߻ֻǸо֮Уӿƺǣش
Ҷڸʲôȫ֪

Ҷ³һһҹʱ䣬ҶųɾŵԪ
ЩĽٵҲһսֻ֮Ҫ׵벻Ч
Ҷ㰵ϲ򲻸ˣҶڿ̻ٵ⣬Ľٵҡ
ߣȥǼ壬ȥ̸
ʱ䣬ҶҪ̸ȻԵ޹ʵĳ֣Ϊ˰̫ǣǿˣҶðΣա
ӣа𣿡
߻ЩˣԷĽٵɣں¼壬ҲС
ҵİգ
ҶҲȷϾûмʶĽٵɣԼһٵɾնɱٵɣǶٵɣĽٵȻսʤԱӦⲻ
ɲˣԶһѣ
߻Ҳû뵽ôߡ

һԳҶ˵԰廯һѡ
֮УѾۼкҲС
λûоǷ̫ࡣ
룡
˵ǰû뵽ҶĻ塣
ʶҶģ
һɻ֮ɫԼŮı飬ƺʶҶ㡣
˵ҶŮо֮Ӧһ١
еäĿҶ㣬ҶжǿѹͲǸоҶˣʮ̤ʵ


1166 ̸
ʮʱ䣬Ҷ߻̤ϰٵĿˢˢۼϣرǰ
׼
Ҷ㲻ʮּԼĳʩһϱƽ
СŮ˵һҰСŮлҶӾ֮
ϻܼΣһֱ֮ɫ
֮Ͷѣ
Ҷһ䡣
Ҷ
ܿ˰ӣҶ˵
ˣ
ҶҲֱ£Ŀ̸Ȼ³ˡ
ղ˵Ҷܰ廯һΣ
ֱ⣬ʱȣҪΪкܶಿҪȥ
ûɻԿ壬пܣ峹״ǲҶҲɻ᲻ˡ
Ҷһֳʱը˹ǿ׼ƴ׼ƴͬھΪҶһ仰Ͷɻᡣ
ɻ᣿ҶĪڿЦȫҲֻɻԿƾһˣɻᣬҶĪڶϷ򡣡
ϿʼΪҶĳ֣֮󣬿ҶٵɣѾʼ
׼ɣ˵ĲϾδ棬һСĻҲпԭ
Ҷ˵꣬һֻͻȻץ˹ȥԷһҶַǳ֮죬ʮֵꡣ
ϲǿߣͻĽٵɵʱʧܣΪһɢޣһֻܴٵɣǻ۵ķֲһĽٵɶֿܵһ
Ҷצץ£Ȼ޴ĸоһˣܿһơ
Ҷ總֮ңҶֱһ̽ٴγץԷ𾪵Ըӣһһץ
ͻȻҶֱٴα仯׵ӡڰϵϣֻҪҶȫԽˡ
ˣ
ҶͻȻ֣ûȥƮƮϡ
䣡
ͻȻˣЩ׼˷׷׳Ҷӿ
ס֣
ϴһ˶ס壬һ
һǺļϸɱǣҺüʵǿûбóѡ
һϴŷŭ֮ɫҶ㣬ΪҶǺļϸ
ҶǺļϸղѾˡ
Ϻһһû뵽ԼһٵǰԵú޵ֵ֮
ôܣ
ܴ󲻿˼֮ҶǶٵɣˣһ˾綼ûһ˵ǼĶ֡
ڰ׼𣿡
ҶǴŵаЦ⣬Цĳʵ
ҶӸĪ⣬ĳһʵڲΪҪ壬ᵥƾΪǸѰɡ
ҲɵӣҶʱΪѣѣ߲嵶ľϻˣû棬˭ȥðա
ĿⶼۼҶϣҪ֪𰸣Ҷ㲻Ե޹ʵܹ塣
˿ʹĪڰһҶشΪ϶ģΪԼҶʲôλΪһʶ˸Ըðգƺ߼Ҷ㲻ûնػ
ôЩ꣬Ҷѳ죬£ǵķǳȫҲǵ¶ꡣ
ȿȣʵһֵȷΪ˰𣬻һ׼һЭ顣
Ҷ㿴һ۰𣬻˵
һΪԼ¶һ˿Ц⣬ǲǰοԼҶ㵱˵棬һΪԼ㹻ˡ
ʲô
ϹĵĲҶǹؼڡ
һκַвӦǺսҰǳսжսʤ塣
Ҷûż˵ϾҶһ֮Ҫȫ岻ܣҪ˫ơ
˵ĲвȷǺսʧȥ˺ս߳ɵİգˣΪʤ
ʮţϾŽǲ꣬۵̿϶壬֮Ժǿ󣬶ԺĽٵɡ
ã׼ʵҰǳսԺ忪ɳԴҪռһ룬ҵ
Ҷֱ˵⡣
ⲻܣǼҪóһԴ㣬ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
һվֹΪҶ˵ЦһԴάһСתˡ
ҶӸһɣ
ֹϣǳҶʵΪһҼȻ֪ԷȻˣ϶̣Ȼһǰ
׼ǴˣҲĨǣûҵİֵܷĳȱ˵ܲסҵһ⣬˺壬סҵԽĵ˲ţΪһܶ𣿡
Ҷ˵棬ҶһĲ࣬Ϊʱ岻Լչռݺ壬ǵҲᷭϾЩ꣬粽У󲿷ԴںС
˵Ӧһ˫Ӯľ棬ûоܾɡ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ܶĬˣ˼磬Ȼ֪йؼ
ڳ⣬֪һܺս̾Ǻûᣬֳȥһ룬Ҳӣƾһĵ̣ڽһ
ҶԵȣһ¡
Ϊһ֮Ǻܶ飬Ҫ峤һ
׼㣡
ҶҲżԶ߻վ󣬰ͷҶĴ·ԽԽ죬ýˣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ҶԴյķǳ׼ȷ
һյ֮Χһ弸ʮϷ׷ÿ˹
ҶӾõˡ
ϴЦ⣬Ȼڴеǰǰϵ̬㲻¿ĶȽϿԼŮҲ֮١
Ϊ˼壬Լˣݴ壬˶
н
Ҷ̧ͷȻŵЦ⡣
Ҷİնɱս˵ɣ㽫Դ͸ӣҲʲô˵նɱսȥûҪԴá
˵ʵڸҶ㽫ȫǲ֮٣԰ûκǴӦ
˵һһ룬׼Ӧˣ׼ɣӦò˶ãͻṥ
ҶһԾŶ˵һһ룬֮Σ
Ҷˬ죬ҶӸ
ϴ֮ɫһˣ϶ᣬҪһЩԴûоܾɣһܾͻᱻ塣
忪ʼתЩŮ׷׷ڣһ뿪ȥ
ףҲҪȥ
˳Ҫһȥս
Уڼ壡
Դǵ˵ðš
ҲհףѣƾʲôҲܳ
ɷ˵ֱӷ˳ȥȺǰͷ
ҡҡͷԼŮ̫ˣȻҲҳߣ㱻ȴץߡ
뿪ǲãԶգ֮һսӳ߿Ǻ壬塣


1167 
ƺڲǿ߻һѣߵɽӶ
Ȼб㳲ѣǴ㽫峹׼ԷԴ
ɫҶ֣ڵ޷忹⣬ƾһսܺɨ塣
ĽٵɣϢԺأսһս£ݣ̤գɢ棬һµɱ⣬ò졣
ϣǺ壬ɱȫȻȫɱ
磬ԵսǱͶ
սģսҲҪսս
ҲǴĺȵȻįǲûѪԣһں壬ӴԺֻūһ˲ǲ
ܺãˣȻˣҾɨƽ壬еΪūŮΪŮǺ衣
սϢ˲䱩ǣĽٵһѹ
ɫʮѿֻһ֮ȴ֮ĽٵʱʧܣΪһɢޣҲûлͻơ
˺ڣǶһ򣬶սֵķչοһ֮
Ҷӣаսɱ𣿡
ս֮󣬰ûˣڵս֣һ֮С
ҶȻǿ󣬿ԻԼĽٵɣƾµƣҶ޷
İɣд㣡
ҶһЦ
㾡ʱ䣬ýսҲл֣ȺУĺ鷳
Ҷ˵ҪսճҶл֡
ð죡
ϵ˵ͷսӦòѡ
ҶʾˣֻҪսϳŻ
սûеҵһս
Ϸ˳ȥգսŭ졣
ϣһΪͷڹ꣬ȻҾͳȫ㡣
սûκԥֱ߳ɲϢܿռһݡ
Էթ
߳һ峤ϣס˺սϵʵȻսΪҪһսⲻ
ʲôھԵǰκεļԵ΢ĵϸˣûĽٵɣҲͰʵõ㣬Ƚնɱ¾塣
ս˰֣ΪǵĶˣھԵǰСԵöࡣ
ȻִˣǾף쿪ʤϣһټ塣
Ҳ׷׵ͷΪս˵е
˺ܿߵĵشף磬׾룬ֻգۼĹ
Сףˣ
ҶСףֻаƴС˸塣
İɣͼѾȻأһὫսըķǡ
һϣҶͿ̻һͼСգֻСײ֪֮ܺУ׾ɱ󷨡
ãȥɣ
ҶóһСֱյУʧ
ʱһȥϲûгֵ˼ƺʱ䡣
ϣһᣬȳְɣ
սȵЩͷˣðϸϽ֣ϵսԽԽŨ
ս㲻üңóֵʱȻ֡
֮УҲǽ֮ɫڵҶϢֻǸ𽫺սճ֣ǺսĶ֡
ҶҲʮżڵС׵ϢһγɣҶð˻
Űóٳٲ֣սЩͲסˣһ䣬һ˹
Ȼ㲻֣Ҿȳˣ
ս˵һֻ޴ƳֱѹϢԶվЩ˶ʼҡ
֪޿ɱˣֻܺȻ֣Ҳһƣӭսȥ
ߣ˵ĶˣҶļƲܲܳɹһʧܣϾͻںս֮֡
޴ƣ֯޾һɫڲϣҵĺֱը˵棬֮⣬в
䣡
ֻײһ𣬽޾иĿռ俩֨֨죬ΪģγһĹΣܲϵ죬֮ΪһƬޡ
ԲǧľΪ촷ۣЩɽʯֱӻΪĩǱҵĸˡ
ۣ
һڿѪȾ˲񷣬ֱӱˣȻһ֮С
ɢȥһѪȫѲ٣һоʧȥս
սɱǿңһ£һлɱ
磬ˣ
Ҷ꺣һС׽Ѿöɣյ˳ص˰׺֮С
˿̣ȴ뵽Σ󷨣϶ὫһըҶΪˡ
ף
Լĸ׿Ҫںս˳׼֣һٵɣȥҲǰװ׵սġ
ʱһӰˣʹ֮Ϊһ⣬ֱӳڰϵ
дӡ
һֻ޴Ƴˣס˺սĽŲ޴ƣݺݵĳ£ܿռٴѿ˿ںսһ

սŭϾɱϣȻ˺һţٶҪҪ죬ֱӴ˰ϡ
ʹ֮ʩչ˼£Ҷ˷֮⣬ٶռݾԵƣдӡס˺սĽŲܰȻˡ
˵ĶˣҶ㵽ܲܽȳ
䣡
дӡγɽһƽһƣϵĴںսϣȻʵԵ˺ȴսŭˡ
СӣҪ㲻ú
ŰϳװѣصӪսŭһƺɨӡȫˣдӡ޷в
ס
Լ׻ɫ԰ף˿һӿ
ɵӣû£
ϼѵ¶Цݣʱû󰭣Ҫһʱˡ
ٺˣ
Ҷһ£˰׾룬ƺˣûκνŻ߻ҵ
ұ
ҶһȣԺսΪģܳʮöɢϢ

˷һȻʶֶǷڲ̻ܿѵҶǷ֮ˣ
Ǻ廹壬Ҷ㵱˷֮ˣǿǺ򳬼
رǰ¶֮ɫû뵽ҶԷڣѹᣬʵǿ
ʥ£
սͻȻһȣϣһĽɫʣȻ֪ǿ
Ҷ¶һ˿ĻߣʼŲһ󷨣սղͼҪѣ岻ôŲ޷Ŀơ

Ҷ㻰һ䣬һöֱ֣Ӵܽ˺ս棬һը졣
ģ
ѣöȫٵԱ׷Ľٵɵĵز
꣡
սϵĽʥ³һ˿Ѻֱۣըʹĺսŭ

սȻǿ󣬵ôԱҲ޲ߣǷڣҲһóôɡ
Ϊȫ²Ҷ㲻Ƿ֮ˣҿ̻ҪȷǿҪҶĳɹʣﵽ˰ٷ֮٣ҶӵоŸҲкܴĹϵ
ҪǣҶ꺣ֵöɫһ


1168 
˭Ҳ벻Ҷըս
һ޷вҵһսȫԱãֻҪɳȥˡ
˭֪ҶϵˣֱӲһ󷨣սԭأ޷ĿƣһöըĺսƤ
ٴһöͻȻһ˸˺ս棬ŵúսһŭ
Сӣ
սòЩɵĴڿռ֮УϺսֱ棬ôŲЩֵ档

ҶһͺȣöըѪɣսһֱֱӱըˣʹĺսѣ徹ȻҶҲҪһ
ͬھûлᣡ
ҶЦһСٴγ֣ҶǰһΣٳģսôǰƺԭ̤޷Ҷ㡣
ǿռݱ䣬СʱֵõĽָ㣬ʵͻͽرǶԿռҶ㶼̾硣
ͻȻľø˾ˣҶֶμֱǵ󣬼򵥵һΣ赲˺սĽŲ
ұ
һöɽ·սޱȣս岻ϵζҪ
ııģ
ը죬սըѪܣһȱըˣؿڻһ󶴣Ľʥֱӱը顣

ЩҼ˶ŭˣһ˹ҪƻӣҲҪúս
Ҫ
նһ˺ˣ˿ǰװЩƺһˣҲĹẦˡ
˷׷פ㣬ҿǰΪһöһƺսöըһȣǰһ
öǿ൱ĽٵԱЩٵɳҲᱻը⽴
ʮöٵ൱Ҷӵʮٵɸӣη壬ǻʮٵɵĳȥսͬھ
Ȼܣһʮٵɲһģڶγɲ󷨣սȫ԰ѣһƾͿһƬ
ͬÿսҪ֣û֮Уսκβˡ
ŷɹöսһ˿֮ɫǰû˿򾲡

һͺȣöͬʱը֮ϣֻкսŭĲҽѪˮͷ֯һ
żĿ꣬弸ҪķѣЩ˷ŭˣһ˫ɺ죬˹
ֻɱҶ㣬ܻΣǰҪģ˵ĿⶼۼҶϡ
ɱСӣܾȳ
ٿأҶˣȻơ
ڣǧһҶ㹥֪ʲôأ񷡣
ˣӭս
ˣ弸ƿش֣ҶֶѾŷնɱս
ֻҪֵסһȵսˣ彫תս֡
ǧ˺ܿսһ𣬶ʱ䣬һƬڰǶʼ
ԶʮӰӺ֣ȴ壬Ҳڹ˭ܻʤ
岻򵥰Ȼصĸְ
ȴļ˶Ƕ֣ȴҲĽٵɣʵǳǿᡣ
įƸĽʧкܴĹϵûĽٵ壬϶㡣
ʮǵˣȥ˵ʩչʮа˾Ƿڵˣǲɵ
ȴ峤ԸҲһǷֻһĽɫɾֻż
Ȼֵ˴󲿷˽кܶ˳ҶߣֻնɱҶ㣬Ⱥ塣
ɱ
ɱ¾֮ˣҶ޿ɱܣֻӭսٵѾûκв
ոһǰٵɻǶٵɣ׷׵£Ϊһͷʬ壬ز𣬵䵽ϣеĴָʧҶȡ
һΪ˿̻ʮöҶóԴȡϢȻˡ
ԭΪҶΣգɳʮʵǿĳϣǰЭҶ㣬Ҷֱ֮ײһɫ䡣
ǲ֪Ҷ㾹Ȼ˿ֲٵһҶɵյ
˻ԴԴϵ˹ҲҪնɱҶ㡣
дӡ
ٴһɣһö޴ӡ֣˹ٵֱӱųĲ
ԶڰĲ֮£ҶһĲ˼֮ɫתԴԼŮƺЩףԼŮʲôʱʶôǿĸ֡
˵ֻ֪Ҷǿ󣬵ǲ֪ǿֵزȫٵɡ
ôΧ֮£ҶȻܴݲȵɱˣ߸˳˵֪
ըԱҲҪը
ǱߺսѾһϢжʮöըѾ޷֮ʮöҪըսƻ᳹
߷ˣ׼ԱķʽҶ
һ͵壬ʱԱҶȻǿԵɾԱҶԡ
֮
Ҷ㶯ˣԴУ֮ϣҶ㣬ʩչֳ֮ʼո
̶һʱ䣬չӣ޷оһӾʧȥʶȥ
һҶߣʮˣ̫ɲˣ˲ɡ
Ҷնɱʮˣ¶
ϺսҶը̼񾭣һ
ըĲֱҶնɱʮˣʵǿ֮˵ˣʼ˱仯˿ʼҡ
һĶҡսĴԽսԽ£ڽڰˣգۼĹԷǳСĴۣ˾޴ջնɱϰˡ

ҶٴһͺȣʣʮöսΧ壬ֱק֮Уʧ
䣡
ʧһֱ̣ѿˣһ޴ĺڶս峹ʧûյľͷϣҲ޷ӳ
ҶĺܾըĽٵɻпָܻǽ棬Щܿͻᱻİ֮ʳҲ޷ָ
ʱ¶֮ɫ׷׽ŭйҶϡ
ɱСӣΪ𣡡
ʣµ߰ˣǷһһҶ㡣
סǣ
Ҷڵĵλ弸һ˵ݲκβҶȻնɱսԷˮһ򵥡
ֻʺΪѣΪˡ
˫һ𣬴󲿷ֵѹǳҶߣѾʧȥǣϵĳ
֮ϳ֣ոһһЩķ򣬶Ҷս˱֮УȫѹԺ
ЩǻȳһܿʮˣҶΧ֮Ҳ޷һոô
˱ѹ
֣ɫĹâʮȫڡ


1169 뿪
ʮˣһɫĹ޷ŻһȥĲҽС
ɱһ䵶һƬɨʮͳͳҶһˣȫսı仯
ʣµģһߵľƣûôֻ˼ʮˣ˺ü˵ĺȣ˵ʤ
߲亦ֹҶ֪Ҳĺûᣬǧ˲ȥʣµ˰Χʼи
ҽŭ
ѣ˺ѷΣҶƽ򣬸һĿΣҪ棬һηǲеġ
ıɣʵȱһɡ
屻ĳ壬ֻмȥ˵Ѿ޹ؽҪѾȹѹأ˺壬ٴγΪǵİ
ЩƯϵʬ壬ķ򶼱Ҷȥǲȱķ򣬻ķ򣬶˱ȡ޸ȱķ
һսճߵļʮ֮⣬׽Ļ׽зϵĲзϣĸһƬ
˵ڻǸоΣһз̫죬ǲ˼飬սʤˣһʤһжһйأǾҶ㡣
Զȴ弸ʧˣʤʱ򣬷׷ʧٶ
ڰĲ֮£Ҷ˹ľһ
Ҷӣлľˣ˵һԴҴһɳϣҶӲҪܾ
ϾóһԴǱҶ㣬û˵óһЩˡ
ҶǼֻкôûлڸһЩջ񣬿϶
ȻˣҾͲˡ
Ҷһûн飬£ò
ҶӦ˷׷¶ЦζĿһҶƺʲô
˶ţߺ֮ɫ˶ţתӣص˼֮С
СŮ£ҶӶൣ
뿪ϿЦһ֮ܿҶƺЩ˼Ͳ֪Ҷʲô뷨
׼ˣ
Ҷ֪ܲʲô⣬Ů鳤飬Ҷʱȥǣһ֮УҶԼûĿ̸꣬
˻ص壬һʤ»ڣҶ㼸ˣһʱ䣬һãףһεʤҾһսԼĶ
ҲûʳԣóԴҶ㣬лΰһ١
˫ҲǩЭ飬ÿ忪ɳԴҶ㶼ҪռɣҶ㰲֮󣬾ͻϢÿ͵̶ĵط
һ֮Ҷ׼뿪ǣϺһɢɳҪ´ҲûҶһ𣬽壬ʣеȫ
Ժ壬һʻȡԴķʽȡԴҶûгȡϣܾķչ
һ֮˺̣յϢĺ׷ߣֻмȻ
ӴĽȺҶ㣬ʱϢ֮أҶܿˡ
ĵ·ɽ磬ܰݵãϾΧӴɽ編򣬻Դվޡ
˭ΪҪǺ塣
һû㳲ϰˣЩ˽ʱһһСˡ
ӣ㸸ԹԵ־ܡ
ǺսĶӣɫԣЩŮӲǺڳ⣬ڸѾΪ׼ҡ
󵨣Ҹ׿Ľٵɣ˭ɱ
ӲţΪѡ
ӿһۣ׷ҡҡͷ˽£ʼѹΣ
лһβںӵķҵŮӣһҲ̶ã棬Ǳˣò˶ãͻ
˾һŭĿźӣ޲ֱܽɱ˲ıУҲֻкӲ
Ҷӣǰ棬ʹȥ
Ϣһʱ䣬öˣƵõ˻⣬ҪҶ뿪
Ҷ磬Ĳһ뿪𣿡
ЩģҶһ뿪Ϊ˷ǰȥ솴ǣ쳣ա
ܣ
Ҷشĺܸɴ࣬İֱӶ뿪һ͵͵Ŀȥˡ
ҡҡͷԼŮϲҶ㣬ϧ仨⣬ˮ顣
˺ܿ쿴һ޴Ľڽһͷƺ쵽ʣһ޴壬ֻҪȥ뿪ǡ
Ҷϸ壬ſô£޽ӵͨһʱ֮ľ롣
ȷ֮һڹУ˵ҲҪһʱ䣬ҪѣаԵ
壬ǽˣ󷨣ڽжԽӣγһյͨһԴһط
ÿһο壬˵ҲҪǧö֮ʮֲֿ
Ҷӣڣ
˽󷨵жڷźֻ֮Ҫһ򿪣ҶͿɴˡ
ڣ
Ҷ㱧һȭ߻߽֮Уͨ׷ҶߵϷ
˻˻֣ǹ貣ҶͻȻһᣬޱߵĺڰУȫûԼٶȷС
Сʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ʧص״̬ȵоʱǰһ˿⣬һͷڳˡ
Ҷ˫أһǿҵѣθг֣ĳ
߻ɫҰףҡΣȻٶȣǶҲмߵơ
ڲ侳Ҷ㽫ʥ½ƶᱻѹ촷ۡ
û°ɣ
Ҷĸ߻ļ򣬴Ź֮ɫʵ
û£ùӵˡ
߻һо淭ʧˣɫҲ𽥻ָ
߳壬ӭһ޴ĳǳأ̤֮󣬴Ŀ䵽˵ϡ

Ҷ㲢֪Ȼ솴ǡ
Ǳͻû𻵣ǿֱԾ솴ȥ
߻һۣ϶ͼܿжϡ
˼·Ϣһ죬ǰ솴ǡ
߻ӣǲ˸·ˣȻԲ
лӹġ
߻ûоܾȻָһЩһΣҪûоܾ
˲УҪǷ˿ڶ࣬߷ʢضǵɾǼٵɶϡ档
ʱҶŸоԼǾ֮ˣҪŬȻ˵˴
ҵһջ˽˲Դסһϡ
ͨеĻֻ֣һ־컯ڶ־֮
ǰҶ㶼ȱɱ˺ˣҶȡǧö֮߻ǰࡣ
컯ʮöҶͻһˡ


1170 솴
ڱͻǴһϵʱ䣬ڶһ磬͸塣
ͻɫǣشﲩԴḻܶ߶ϲûжҲûгȻռݣԴֲȽϹ㣬˶лᡣ
ͽ򶥶ˣһ޴壬ڻֹһƺͨ
Ϊû𻵣˿أֻҪ㹻Դ뿪Ҳܽ
ӣھͨ솴ǣ
߻鿴һʮҵͨ솴ǵڡ
ǽȥɣ
Ҷ׼룬ֻҪܴ֮ͨ
һöö֮˽ȥһʹǰ֪֮󣬴֮Ҷ֪֮ǲɶõı
溬дķɽ編УԪϢԪ˵ˣÿһöУǳḻ
ҪͨͨҪǧöõ½һöܻ֮ȡǧöԪԪ
ÿÿȹ
ҶҪ׼ö֮Ҳֱӽ߻Ƶһߣֱ߽ȥѹͲҶ
ȵȣ
ż˾ҪȥҶüͷ΢壬ס˼ˡ
Сӣڸ˵
ҶѾ弸òһŮһ죬еȾ˺ɫͷŮĸȾɫͷһʮࡣ
Ѿź֮ҲҪ뿪뿪֮ڽ
ҶϣԷ˳ȥ
Сӣ֪˭ȹȥǸӣϽ󼸿֮Žȥӹȥˣߡ
ҶǰĺͷʮţʵͿˣǵҶҪ֮ʱų֣Ҷ֮뿪ǲһԴ
ż֮ɫҶԶ϶Ǿǹġ
λٸһλᣬҳȥ
Ҷ¶ŭ֮ɫѾɱ⣬ܶԷ˭Ҷ㶼
֮һŽȥ޷óѾע뵽֮УͨöԷߣҶǰװ׵˷ôԴ
᣿
֮һЦ
֪˭丮˵ûУ丮ĵӡ
ëֱݣԭ솴丮ˣ߻ǰԾû뵽ûлȥ˺֮һ丮
丮˲𣿡
ҶЦܶԷ˭ҪռԼıˣҪԼı¡
Сӣ㾹Ȼ丮Ҿ͸һѵסԺ丮˶ҪԹԵõ
Ҷӣ˴ŭ丮¼壬˾ͽ岢ںĸҪͿ
쾹Ȼͷ࣬ͽǣЦ丮׽˼ŭ
˰ͽᶼϣ丮ϵԺԶշֱ߽ݣΪҶԹԵȹȥ
ϧҶ㲻ˣʮֵһη壬Ϊ׷ۣ֮һη֮ġ
߻ʮֽ丮Χ˿ں¼壬һԺҶͺ솴
솴ޱȾ޴ǺĵشҪΧž޴ת̾¼壬˾ͽ壬丮
ҶȻ¹ϵһ㣬Ҷڵ϶޷õ¼Ͽɣú¼֪Ĺϵƺ¼巴ὫҶɱ
Ϊ¼֮Ů޸һ޵λСӣҶڵ丮δ·ߡ
뵽߻ǽϧҪֹѾˡ
СӣȻˣҾ͸һѵ֪丮ĺ
ë˵꣬һȭͳҶϮɰСȭͷХ쫷磬ݺݵ¡
飡
ȭͷʵ߻˫ۣԸ⿴˫۵ʱ򣬷ֺëӵȭͷҶĴ
㱾Ҳſ治֪丮ôǵġ
Ҷ㼥һ䣬ͻȻëͻȻҽ
졭ҵ֣
ëʹ亹ܣҶȭͷȥͷ顣
㣿
ղſŹҡ
Ҷ֮У˿˿ɱ⣬ԣ⵱˻ɱ
ӣ˰ɣȥȹȥǡ
߻æֹϣִ󣬵ʱ˭
ǻŸʲô֣
ë߻Ŀˣ˺ȵǸϽ֡

Ҷ㱾ҲϢˣԷȴһͱˣҶͻȻһɱ⣬һɨë걻Ҷһķˡ
ҽһߣһֱӱ߷ɣ뿪壬ߴﹾĹ档
ʣˣ˫ֻͣڰգϳ˾֮ɫҶ㵽˭ٵֱ޻һ

Ҷ˫ҲҶ߷ˣرŮѹ벻ҶһϣֱӻΪһߣݺݵˤڵϡ
ˣҶ㽫ʣļ󷨶һһâƺͨʲôͨ
߻ֻ̾ϢһѾˣںҲûãҶһ߽ϣֱ޾ĺڰͨ
žĺڰУҶ΢ЩϾͿԿˣʱ䣬֪ڹô
ǷǸǰһ᲻ѱģԼˡ
ҶԺ֮У˼׷ɣµòһ㸡ͷһ֮ʧصĸоʧҶ㿴һޱȾ޴ʮҲֲǰС
һǣЩСǶΧ솴ת޴ϣΣɣһʮֿƻõĸо
ԶԶȥտɫһˮϵǣʺסԴѷḻ֮ء
һЩطīɫǻ֮أ̤㣬гƬƬĺ󸲸УռȻҲռ솴ʮ֮һС
ĵطԴḻ̾ᣬï֣ܵȺţÿһ궼ǧ֮á
Խ솴ǣҶоԼС޴ǧҲֹõΪȽϣҲмǧС
Ҷ֪ǵٶ౶Ѿǳˣǰ솴ǣҪǻҪһǧ
ӴתʮֻһʱҪʱңҲ£½һ죬Ǿһʱ䡣
һ첻ʮأһأһǧأ
ʱͻ࣬½֮أƶ֮أū֮أһ㲻Ϊ
ɽ磬һ죬һ˵ʮֲֿԽɽ磬ÿתʱԽԽ
崩ϵΣǿѹ֣ķѹƵҶЩ
ÿһһεסҶ壬ǿ֣ǵȻҲȵǿǧ
ǿҲӦӣǳȡ
ϣҶŸоԼʧȥ˷еĵҪǿһǧ౶ٵɸѲ˵޷С


1171 
ϣһǣ솴ĳڣžΥĹ磬߻˳
ʮˣ֪˿ɺãѻڣɣȵʺţһͷ
Ҷ¸߻飬Ҷ߶ԶȻԼļ磬Լˡ
߰ɣ
Ҷĸ߻ļ򣬴Űο
ӣЦˣ
߻ȥᣬ𼤶飬Ҷ㣬֪Ҫٵȶ꣬ǵõٻ
ȥô꣬¼ڣݵĺѷ
Ҷ΢΢һЦû⣬˼֮Ҳһ֣˲񣬶ԼУ˶޷⡣
ҶγǣϾҪˣҲʮֽţڵóȻĽ¼壬϶ᱻɨسţпܻ⵽Ĩɱ
ҶҪ뵽ȫ֮ƣҪúԼһҲҪõ¼Ͽɡ
Ҫõ¼ϿɣǺ֮ѣҶ㲻ڣȻˣͻֳŵǰپҶ㶼նһ·ǰ
ǰҪҵŵ㣬취ʵܷУҶɺܶ飬ֻͻٵɣſǿУʹ֮еӦÿԽˡ
ξǸ棬óȻ棬϶úѾأȻˣҲһʱ䣬ȸ߻ϢԺ㡣
飬ֻ·ǰǸȥӦдֱӴ͵¼̡
ջ֮УҶ߻ţ򣬱Ҫ滮һ
ӣôģ
߻Ҷô죬ʵ
ȰȺʵĻᣬڼ£ǰ϶ǻᡣ
˼һ£ȰԼٺ˵бµС
߻˵ͷʼģҶóȻǰȥ¼壬ȥҺ϶ὫŪ
ҿƼȥ칬¥ʱ׬ȡԴץʱʵȻص壬ϵС㣬ģѾ˺㿴ɺã
߻ΪҶһ֮أ칬¥רɢޣǳȥ׬ȡԴǰһð취
˺ܶ࣬ɸ߻Ȼص壬ڰϵ
Ϣһ죬ڶ˼·ڻ丮ĵؽ磬ϵ¼壬Ҫü·̡
˷糾ͣһһĴ֮һƬأǺ¼ĵ̡
¼壬ɽԲﶼǺ¼壬ΧƼ壬伸ǣ󲿷ֲҵҲǺ¼С
Ҷע⣬¼̣طɽ֮һǣﲻκ
ǷԲҲ̾ἸСţһЩУ߻ӡ
ҶҪĵطԽԽãԼķչ
̫ݣҶʧȥֻǿѹŻᱬǰδеǱ
߻Ѿ뿪ˣص˺¼壬ʱǣҶ档
ǣӭΡĽƾһǣ൱½С֪磬߸Ҷ֪
УŨҵϢֵԣĵ̣۵Ĵ󲿷ֶĶ
ջ٣Ҷ㾹ȻҲһջڳתһʱ䣬ҵһҲĿջ
ȥԶɽǽǣһɽ鲼֮䣬
ŵĵطҶʱϢһ죬Ϥ֮㡣
˿̣¼Ҳ˲Сĺ䶯߻ͻȻع飬òʮ⡣
֪߻ˣһ˵ȻǺٻ߻ǰԼһǰݣڻˣ϶һЩйϢ
Ժ֮У߻ںĶ棬û߻Щʪ
С㣬ÿɺã
ź㲵ӣ߻ʲôûüžֱۣҺ¡
Һܺá
²ȻһЦ벻ôѾˣÿ춼ôġ
СѵͲ֪Ǹ˵𣿡
߻˹ӣûֱӸߺôġ
ѵǸϢ𣿡
·ʣȻ߻ôżԼ϶Ϣ
ֻҪ֪С㻹زĴˣģ͵û˵벻˵ѾҪ
߻뷨Ͼɽ˺ĵİ̫ϡ٣Ѿȥ꣬˭֪СҶ㻹ǲ壬ˣˣ߻϶Ҷ顣
Բ̽һ
˵ɣ
ƺһӻص֮ǰҸıԱ
ı飬߻Կ϶ˣСҶ㻹һһֱĬĬĵ
ܺãЩܶ࣬Ҳˣǵ¶ꡣ
߻һ㽫˵
Ҷÿһ¼ϸϸŹκһϸڣ˵ľҶľ仯
ҶΧʱ򣬺¶֮ɫ
ҶˣΪݰʱҶˣֱ鲻ϵĸֳ
أ
֮ƺͶϵˣҶ˽⣬϶ʼį
˵֮ǰСȴӦһ顣
߻һ֣֮ɫ
ãҴӦ㣡
ûκԥֱӴӦ
Ϊ㣬Ҳ˺򡣡
߻׳һذըҶҲˣҾں
ʲô
²һվҶҲˣϱֱ仯ϲǣЦпޡ
ȥ
˵꣬Ҫø߻ȥҶ㡣
С㣬侲Ұѻ˵ꡣ
Сģ֪ҶһֱûǣҪ֮ǰĸ黹Ҫ
İ飬̳ϾƣԽ㣬ԽԽ㣬ԽԽ
оԼʧ̬ºܿϵıҲ
С㣬ڵĵλóȻﲻẦü֪ˣ֪
߻˵ԭ
һ˿侲֮ɫҺø߻ʱѣܿƽϢ
СӦһ飬ʱҪȥʲô飬ҿ԰
߻˵
սʤԼ߻˵ûȥҶ㣬ü֪϶᲻ϧһдĨҶ㡣
Ժ¼ĵλ϶޸һĬĬ֮һǴƶ֮ģ̫Ϥ˼
ס
ƽ
ǡ
߻֮ǰҶѵص㶨˵ǣ߻ȥͨѶ
İɣһʱҲȥ
֪֮󣬷ٵģҶأڻʱʹ棬Ҷ㲻ɾͷǷ
ҵ֪Ҷ֮ˣռԵʱ칷ʳ£飬ҶӦ֮ˣضǴ

һ֮ҶȥϢҪƾԴǲҪϵ֮һ졣
ŸЩֻ֮άСʱ䡣


1172 ֪
ʮֹҶ֣Ϥʲô
˿ջĿģϲɨɨȥƺҶʮİ֮£Ҷֻĵطǰ
ܿǣһƬɽϡ٣ҲʺҶĿģǴԼķ
˱֮Уܶ෨ͻٵҶ㲢ģֻҪһʱ䣬϶ͱ㴰ֽ
ɽһʱ䣬ɱһͷ֮⣬һ֮£Ҷֻûصס
ǰŸҪ̤ջǰʹȡ
ҵĶĲͷˣҽ첻㡣
Ϊں򣬻ôҪջֻΪЩͨ׼ģԿջȽƫƧҲ֮ء
Ҷ㲻£תջȥյ˵أ˶£Լֵľˡ
ҵĶͺգ̫Եˡ
ΧŹͻȻĺȵ
ҶͻȻͣסŲ۽һôϤҶ벻ҶҶ϶һ
ؽŲҶתȥҪ׷ʲô飬ԼУʶ¸߻֮⣬ˣѵǸղԼˣ
ǳֻɵ̬ȣҶ㳯˿˹ȥڵϣȭߣֻ˫סԴԼЩ˵ȭŻԼ塣
Ϊϵ˫ֻסҶ㿴׳ʲôӣҲ޷жϡ
λ磬ʲôˣ
Ҷ˼ˣʮֿһ䣬˿ֵ̽ҲûʲôˣˣҲԶԶıܿˡ
Сӣ£
һ˿һҶ㣬¶м֮ɫ˵
λҪģֻʣǶˣʲôܽģҪ֡
ҶϣϢˣղŵҶ˼˺þã벻ʮֺ棬ѵԼ˴
ûϵϽߣСһֱԣ챻ץסˣҪֽš
Ҷ˵ӳҶ˰֣ЩͷϽ
Ҳͳյʱ䣬ϵӷһӣ¶ҶҴһƳ¶֮ɫ

ҶЩţУȻˣҲ̫Сˡ
λҵѣʲô飬̸̸
ҶһǿӲסˣǼ֡
Сӣ֪ͺվ㵨ֹңһˡ
ͺյʮһƾͳҶ˹ɷ˵ݡ
ҶһŭԼѾѺõĸ˵Էȴ飬֣ҶɱⱩǡ
Ҫ
ҶһȣһɣͺջˣһССٵɣ͸Ҷǰ˷
ͺգûӦͱҶˣιȥ֮ǰ벻ԷٵɣԼôܲסһ֮
ʣԭأ֪Ǹóֻǲó֣ͺնҶһȷɣȥҲȡ衣

Ҷһȣʣֱ˳ȥҲҶͺԭء
ڵϵӸо˶ˣŷ˫֣һһ飬ˣѵĴӵ
ǰô
Ҷȫ벻ں򣬾Ȼ˻Ҷо޳
ЫǻҶѾˣ˵ӵĶҶо֮
˭ô֪ҽл
ϵʮ־裬һϳЩš
Ҷ㣬ѵ㲻ǵ𣿡
ҶæԼܣǻһãȻ
ŻӣҶЦһԼѹûи֣ҵֻһ֮Եͷֿһֿ֮á
ԷǵԼҲ˭ԼֻһС뻨ۡ
ǰǵЫηЫʥŮ
Ҷ㽫һһ˵ϸһ˿֮ɫԼĵ׵ܣôСӶ֪
ǵεǸСӣ
һվЩţż깦Ҷ㾹ȻӵϰСɳɾûЩš
Сӡ
Ҷ˵ͷúأ֪ҹʱѣҶôܲˡ
֮ԶԻ£ǵ걻۷Ϊһŵڵδһǧ֣꣬˶
ˣʵЩҶҲڴϢţû뵽Ҳ
ǰﲻ˵֮أǽȥ˵
Ҷ㽫˿ջԼķ䡣
Żһõ޾ɵҶţ⻹ǵ緢Ļ
Сӣʲô
һǷ֮ɫʧ˲٣ЩĲá
СҶ㣡
ԻҶ㻹ǳ𾴣֮ˣضҲ֮ˡ
ô򣿡
ʵ
ȱңô򣬿ӣƺĲã½ǴͦõΪܵ
Ҷ㷴ʣԼһʱ̽ͲΪ˺һ棬Ѱ۷Ҳһ档
˵Ы٣С÷ʬ¶⣬ңҪС÷һ뿪⵱У˵£ֻҪֻأתС÷ٴλصߡ
С÷ЫʥŮһ飬С÷ˣΪ˳ŵǧꡣ
ħ湥ЫҲ֣ʱսС÷ʬǣŭֱӴɱ䣬ҲĻ䣬뿪˱ѩԭ
һ̸Ҷˣԭֻ֪֮ڤڤ֮УҵС÷ǣ֮Բ
һ򣬿ϧȫ
½Ҳ֣׶㲻ϣδڵţƾһЩСάơ
ĺѾˣȡ֮⡣
ɽȡһҩͺռ֪ˣס˻ҪҩǡɱҶ
һ꣬˾أ֮˾ȻԵ֡
ҶСӣ˵˵ɣô򡣡
˵ԼľҶʵ
Ҷ򵥵ĽԼ˵һ飬򣬾Ѱ
Сӣ־Դ̶ˣҪӱʳҪðΣա
˵ʵҶҲͷӬһûκͷ
Ҹô죡
ȻԼľڸڻ澭飬϶Լüˣܶط϶ҶϤҲ
ҿʵȥɣȡԴ԰
Ҷ㽨飬ľɢޣûпɽʵ£衣
񣿡
ҶЦãԼӼѧԺʼƺֻص˵꣬Ҷʱתĸо
Сӣ½ͬ˶лᣬҿ԰㡣
Ҷһмһ˵ӣҶԿǵĳ嶯
Ŷ˵
ҶȤ


1173 
ͬҶȤҪ֪ӻ˵ʲô
Դ󲿷ֶȻϷˣñǵĺ򣬳һЩƫƧĿɽ֮⣬л̵أռ죬ε򣬻ࡣ
ĸҶͣҪľԴȱԴҪȱϼʮ
֮Ҳ綷޳ֻҪðգԴԳӦһȡԴ֮·
ʲôǶ޳
Ҷǰڲ˹ҵʱ򣬱˵ū˾ڻ£ǵõʱͽнǶ档
˸˶ӮһȡԴֱ
ˣȡԴķʽ
Ҷü׻˼ˣԼȥӮˣȡԴǶС
û
Ҷҡҡͷڲȥμ£ΪûеҪĳ̶ȣϻв֮Ȱ֮ÿ궼Դ˵ӦÿάҶ
У۱¥ÿ춼䷢֮ܶ󣬿ԻȡԴ
ڶֱȽϼ򵥣ǻȡԴķʽҪȵһСϺܶࡣ
еǻҶ㶼ˣҪڷչҪĳɳվȽŸ
Ȼͻ뻨һ裬ҶǲԸоʱһãͻ鵽Ĳпᡣ
ǰ֪¼𣿡
ҶȽ𾴵ĳƺ
СӣԺǰǰģȻһһǧ꣬׻ˣ⣬ֱӺһְɡ
λ࣬ôЩ꣬ҶȣоԼ׻һһǧһֱĵ֮Уȥһʱûʲô
ðɣ֣֪¼һЩ飿
ҶҲ飬˺ڣ綼ʵ˵ѱ˺ӣ򣬻˼ǧϹŶضǡ
ô¼壿
Щ⣬Ҷã˵ֲǺϤ̸֮ΪҶǳ˽⣬ֻһЩϸû
ѣ
Ҷ㵱ȻԼµĹϵ
˵¼壬⼸ȷʵһ겻һ꣬ԴӺȥ֮󣬺¼ĵλһǧɣڸǲǰѾ˾ͽϳ丮ʼ¼壬ڹҲù
򵥵һ飬˼ҶˣȥֱӰһķչ
˵棬֮ǰݻ棿
ҶЩ棬¼ǧ࣬ȳ棬ôż꣬ȥˡ
û紫ԣй¶̫ıظ֣⵽Ǵûһˡ
æͷǰͻȻĺ档
Ҷһ꣬û뵽ż깦򣬵걻Լȳĺͷ߾ȻˣĿҶл̫Ҫȥ͡
ѾˣҶҪͶˡ
̸һҹʱ䣬Ŵ̸״̬˳
ҶСӣסˣһСԺӣ㲻һס
סڿջϾǳ֮ƣҲ㣬˰㡣
Ҳã
ҶûоܾǰԼȷʵû֮أԼվȽŸ취ðԼĵ̡
߰ɣ
ʰһ뿪ջȥ
뿪ãӿջ߳Ӱһϻһİӡ
ʯ磬СӽҴˣТһҩ
ͺմſߵߵ˵
֪ˣǵĵַңһᴦ
꿴һҶȥķ¶һ˿̵Ļߡ
һʱҶһƫƧ֮ȫƽߣͰķݣˮи÷εش
Ҷ㾭̫飬ǰľҲûų⣬ϾҶҲǴС߳ģųײԱ
ǵԺӡ
һͰķݣֻм򵥵߷һƲȱԺӣ˴֣Щ˼Ҷ˽ȥ
磬ˡ
ڻ̤Ժӵʱ򣬴߳һ꣬һ䡣
İ˵ʱ¶֮ɫƺˣṳ̂Ժӡ
Ҹ໥һ£λʶֵܣλǰѣҶ㣬ʶһ¡
˴˽ܡ
Ҷ໥һȭʶˡ
һ̸ҶҲ֪ʮǰ˼ڵҲһСļ壬Ҳ֪ΪʲôһǧɣҲͷʶ
˻ǮԺӣŰ
ÿ쿿΢ǿգʮּѡ
ʾܿţãҶĸйٷǳܳɳҲһ˲š
Ҷ㾹Ȼϧ֮ģԣϣշԺΪ֮ãϾҪչҪ˰ԼһˣҲûôЩľ
ߣȥ˵
ҶʮͶҲ΢΢һЦ˶ֵܣȻϣһ涼ֵò졣
Ҷ̸ţĬȤ֪ʶ֪࣬ĳʰ·硣
һ̸׶Ҷ㳼һжҶӽɶõ鼮кܴĹϵ
¼˺ܶĵӼǣ鼮Щûã֮㣬Ҷ㶼о֮ԼĲ׺һ
ֹˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲû⣬ľ̫˰ɡ
ͶǲΪֵΣԺ໥֣ҲǱ˴һӦ
ͻȻͷԽԽͶԲдһ˵
һƺ˵Ŀȥˡ
û֪Ҷ֡
һҶ㿴˹
СҲд⣡
ҶȷʵҲ뷨ֻǳէ壬Լռ˱ˡ
úúãھ׼һ£
ʮָˣ׼ȥˣ򣬲Ժӵĵϣܿ˹ڵأͷߡ
һҶ˽Ϊֵܣͬͬͬͬиͬͬ
˵꣬һͷģԺ˾ֵܡ

ͻȻЦӵһԺֵܡ
ҳճλ꣬ԺҾǴ硣
󣬵ȻǴ硣
֪Ҷֽ󣿡
Ҷʵ
Сܽʮ
ҶѾʮСëɳΪһصӺЩм䷢̫顣
ұҶܳճ꣬϶
ҶҶȻСһ
ϣø˵գǰɡ
ͻȻԺ洫һȷ̵ĵӰ˽Ҷ㲢İǱԼһƷɵͺռˡ
һҶ㲢ϤƾϢͱͺǿüֹҲһٵɣƺɽʧˣΪɢɡ
ͺգ㻹
ʮַŭվ˳Ҷǰ棬Ϊ磬Ȼһվ
Ϊͺռ𣬽ʯϽԹԵĽҩȻһ
ͺһ֮ɫָŻı˵


1174 ݽ˿
Ҷüͷ΢壬û뵽ͺջģ֣ʯӺȻİ֡
ͺգ˵˵ҵҩİɣҩҲ㶪ǾȻҪû١
ʮΪҩŲɼһ꣬׼ȡԴ֮á
Һ˵˵
Ȼô˵ҽ컹ͰԵˣԹԵĽҩ׸ʯӣҲῼǷŹһ·
ͺտʯ¶һ˿ɱ⣬⣬ǿӲ˲١
ܣˣһлᣬߣҪҡ
սΪֵܣ飬˵ˡ
˵ʲôأǷģиͬͬ
Ҷͬʱ˵ʱ򣬵Ȼܶ»һˣȥǽʲô
ܸжλֵܵļôЩ꣬һθоĺ塣
ķϻˣٲݹ顣
ͺպҶ㣬ȻͳˣԸ˴´ࡣ
һ䣬ͺվͻȻ֣ǻʯڳҶ㡣
ҹ
Ҫ֣ҶͻȻץסֱһ̽ͺպɨȥ
ҵˣ
ҶˣʯҲͻȻ֣廯Ϊһ⣬ͺǰ棬ҲһȭҶ㷴
飡
ȭȭӣȭͷһ𣬽޾ˣܲϵ죬ͲȱԺӣøҡ
䡭
ҶԭزʯȴҶ岽һ󳱺죬һȭ˲ٿ
ʯӶҶˣͺһν֮ɫѵʯҲҶĶ֣
һλᣬҹԺҪڳҵ߷Χ֮ڡ
Ҷ˵һ˿顣
ǵһҶʯô˵ˡ
ʯ裬ͻȻһ֮ɫһһݽɫ
Ǻң
ҶЦɱһŭʬǧɱ֮Ѵ
ȷңˡ
ʯϢɷ˵ֱӳҶ֣ɲĽֱ˺ԺӵǽڣЩҪԺǽĥĽۣƷһͻᵹ
ɱң㻹ûʸ񣡡
Ҷ˷ҪֹϧѾˣҶʯǰһƺֱʯϡ
ž
ʯ嵹˳ȥҶһķɣվҶĻӣû뵽ԼʵȻǿ磬Ϊ˱Ķ
˵һ飬ҹɱˣ
Ҷ䣬ɱǵڳ֣Ҷ»̲סҪɱˡ
ʯ豻ɣͺһ˶ܹȥʯ
ʯӣû°ɣ
ͺС˵
ߣ
ʯ費ɵӣղҶѾˣԳ裬ҶҪɱһֻһ򵥡
ż뿪Ҷûȥ׷ǹԺӴţλֵһۡ
ܣҵĴˡ
ЩͳΪѾˡ
˵ʲôأֵˣͬ
ЩˣȻʦֵܣӦͬʹࡣ
˵ûͲҪˡ
Ҷ㸽ͣûʲôڣоֵ֮ܣ£ֵܵȻ֮
ǻ֪ʯ
ǷϵץץԴҶһͷˮ
˱˴˶ҡҡͷ֪ʯ
丮ĵӣαܴˣ϶ưոݣҵǻ
ǻĵԭһʯ費£һǿĸ֣ˣѻʯ
Ҷüͷ΢壬丮ֲİ솴֮ǰˣҲҶˡ
Լ丮˻Ե
ѾˣҪܿ϶ˣҪ취ʵǹؼΨʵܸõıԼ
Ҷ˵ʵ鶼ˣȥ׷û壬Ψһİ취Լ
˵ûҲҪץʱ䣬ʵԱ֮͵
ܣ֮Уʵǿҩȷãȡͻƾ磬Ҳܸõ
ҧҧӻͳһöҩ̵Ҷ㶼˫ۣʲôҩһ֣ܷŤ
бݽ˿ףǺҩͺֻ֪һȡһöҩʲô֪֪Ǳݽ˿ףľͲֹʯ裬ǿĴڶ
ҡεıݽ˿ף˵
磬ôõֺҩڵʵ޷
һ֮ɫݽ˿һֺҩǳѹֻ˵ǣ⻹ǲ֪ʲôҩ¡
ҶҲǰԾݽ˿Ҳжţ̣֮أÿʮ곤һڣһ꿪һҶһǧɳ߸ߣǰݽ˿һ߶ߣҲɷˡ
˵Ҳɣҽʱ򣬲֪ΪΣҾ·ˣͷӴ޾ܾˣԭǷݽ˿ף֮ƣ˱ݽ˿ס
Цһʵ޷ȡҩҲ⡣
磬򲻿ɣҩðΣղŵõȡ
Ҷ֣Ȼ˶ٵɣֻҪ㹻ͻٵɣҪöݽ˿ףȻһͻƣǻһŵõã϶ѹ
ܣ֪˼ʲôҪڵϣ֮Уʵߣ̷ˣҲٵɣţĵ˷ѣ𲻵κãԺˣԻȡԴʱøΪֱǡ
ʮ֣ص˵
˵ĲˣʵߣһͻƣǲԱ֮
˼һ£ΪûҶڶٵɾͿһлٵɣһͻٵɣĽٵҲɱ
ǿƣĽٵɱضǣܿĽٵɣļʽӡ
ǡ
Ҷ㻹ԥ
ûпǣ㣬ȥͻƾ硣
ĿǣҶţãͻƾ磬ֵһȥ׬ȡԴһͻΪϣͻɽһ졣
ãȻλִ⣬Ҳٽ飬Ժлᣬһøλ硣
Ҷӹݽ˿ף׼ԺȡõԴȷá
Ҷ£Цˣûһ˿ᣬȻӦҪϡ
ܣ˵زͻƣԺӿ³ܲס׽٣뿪ɽֵܶ㻤
վʱȣϣҶϽͻΪ
ãߣ
˵꣬һ뿪Ժӣɽɽٵʱ˴Ҷɽ֮飬С͵Ϯ˻ò顣
Ҷ뿪ãͺվȻȥһʮˣһɫ丮ˣѾˣԺĽȴˡ


1175 
˴ɽ߽̤㣬̾ᣬθӣܷУȻʧ
ͲʧһʮСģһ·϶мǺš
ҵһٲ˲ͣסŲ滷ɽֻһͨѹһѵء
Ǿɣ
һܣΪﲻɫٲϪգʺͻΪ
Ҷ˵ͷطȷʵǻ·Ҷ㻹Ҳ
ܣͿˣ
ٲ·һ͹ľʯ̦ܶƶûȥҶѡ档
ɾ֮Ҷϥ£ʼѲȥˡ
뿪Ҷ΢΢һЦⲻ֪ʱѾڵķһ󷨣һ˸޷
óݽ˿ףҶһ֮ɫöݽ˿׿ǻðյڽԼҶоϵصͻȻˡ
ûԥſڽݽ˿̷ȥһɿ񱩵Ť֮ը֮ŤҶĹ
ݽ˿׳ɳ꣬溬дɽ編Ҳ١
͵֮ţ򿪣
ҶֱӴ͵֮ţͷϷһ޴ŻĽɫҶ֮С
Һһ£Ҷһ羨ɽӣ֮УʼҶ塣
ԶѲߵĻԼҶ˿ٵŵòһǺ
¾߽ٵҲûҶôֲɣһ£޾
ΪҶͷϵ͵֮ǿⲻˣҶ˾ʱ򣬾ʹ͵֮ţȡɽķ
ɽΪʴĺҶֱӼħ޾ɣ뵽Ÿ档
Щֱ۴ϸɽ編򣬱Ҷһر̷֮˱ݽ˿֮Ҷодӡʼֱ仯
⣬Ҫ⣡
Ҷ㷢ŭ𣬵Խǿ󣬹ֶҲǿңдӡ֮Ժ󣬿ʼ졣
ָ
ҶͻȻһ˿ϲɫһֵ⣬дӡһָҶ֮Ϊָ
䣡
֮ϣƣҶ㹻ķֲٵɵ⾳ƻۣҪɽٵס
Խ࣬գⷽԲնڵסˣʮֲֿ
磬ɽٵʱҲ𣿡
תԴһҺʵ
ƨҶɽٵʱֻһСơ
ҪڣôƣҶͦ𣬺ܶߣڶɽٵ·ϣ׽ֱӻ
Խ࣬Ԣ׽ҲԽǿ󣬶һּĿ飬÷п
Ҷƻھۼȡɽ編Խ࣬ҲԽ࣬ǳȵġ

͵֮ŹرյʱҶһץһ׳ɽ編򱻺ݺݵץһҶĲϵŤ취ѳȥ
ѹ
磬磬׼
ҶѾ˼ޣ˳ǧѾҪˣֻҪȹ׽٣̤ٵɡ
˴һû뵽Ҷץɽ編Ǹǵġ
ҳɣ˷׷ϥ£Ҷһţ׳ķֱӴ֮С
䣡
淺ˣǻЩ㹻ˣΨȱٻᣬһνݽ˿׶øҶ㣬һͻƲ֪ʲôʱ
Щɽ編ֱ˿ͻƵĴţͷ֮ϣҲơ
˶ɽ٣ʲô󣬼ֱǿ˸Ž
˿ʼɽ٣Ҷ߲һ󷨣ڷǧö֮
֮Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ͼһöݽ˿ȣҶĲ˳ˮѡ
һУҶĿ俪ʼתŸ﷢ŭˮʼˢҶ塣
ħűҶҲûֹͣԼٶʹﵽĽٵɵĵز׽٣ͻٵɲڻ¡
䣡
һ׳׵ֱӺҶϡ
ƣ
Ҷһȣһȭ׵磬˸׹⣬ȻҶһȭ顣
֮ϣܲͷϵƶҶͬˣѹûô׽٣ֱӶɽٳɹΣա
˻УϡͿͻ˾硣
磬һ£
Щţʮˣͻˣ
ž
ûпһֱϣֱӱƷ˳ȥ
磬Ĵ򰡣
ӵٺٺٵɵЦ
Ҵ𡣡
һۣû˵Ź֮ɫҶͷϵĹơ
磬˵ܰȫȹ׽𣿡
Ź֮ɫļµƣʮֽ
һɹ֮ǰһϣżʱ䣬͸ϳˡ
Ҷ¶˵һ飬ͣЩţҶڶ̶ʱ䣬ͳɳڵĵزЩ˼顣
һдˣ׽ٲʲôҰο˵
䣡
һˮͰϸ׵Ȼ£ֱҶϡ

һҶûƿȻ׵֮壬ȡͻƵٵɡ
ٵɣҶҲһս֮ʤ
Ҷкʥػһ׵磬ʣ׵棬ʼĹͷ⡣
Ҷ˷ľٶѾľˣ⻹Ƕɽ
˶ɽٶС޲׵طܶ㡣
Ҷ㵹ãܣ׵紸ԼⳬǶ֪
һ׵ҶõǿϵȻڻۣûֹͣ˼𣬿ʼɫչ
ã˱仯
һһ仯֤иǿ׵罵١
ϧǸﲻæ
Ҳʮżѹҿһͱ׵ɣֻܶɽȴ
İɣһµġ
ԶԶעӣһһ׵Ҷ㶼ͳͳա
ɺɫɫѾ׵ˣĺУҪҶ㡣
ҶȻս죬ΪݣҪ֮
˱
Ҷһȣ˱ˣƯҶͷ֮ϣ׵磬洢ʼ롣
ҶɱЩ棬򶼱һֱѹڰ˱֮Уڽ׵֮˱
һȥ˱һЩѺ۵ĵطҲ޸ǾкԶһ·Ҫߡ
һ˱ָҪȰ׺ǿֹ
׺ͼ˱ʥĳɾͲһ죬ҶὫ˱ȫָ
׵а˱Ҷ㷴ܼٵĹЩ׵磬Ҷ㽫֮գ
ʱһȥŸѾӺһƬ󺣣Ԫ߽ٵɼҶԪ۲ѡ
õ׽ٸı䣬Ҳ˳̤ٵɣڲԪҶһȭܴĽٵɡ
¡
һɫ׵ֱ֣а˱׵Ǵ֮ģǴ֮УԴ
ǣ
˱ǵ㱻飬ղźò޸һЩֳһЩѷ졣

Ҷŭһ


1176 
ϰ˵ķһ׵磬ҶŬ׵粻ϣ˱޸
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ˫ֽӡʩչʣʼ޸ЩѺۣ׵֮󣬰˱ҪǰӼ̡
꺣֮еķʢ·У֯һͨɽǰ򾣬һ̾Ҷ꺣еľ
ÿһʼįҪҶĻ꺣һƣ˳Ҷֱֱۣ˱֮С

˱һȻôܣǷʥ֮󣬱
Ҳһʥа˱ɰں϶ɣγһ޴˱ȼࡣ
ѵ
Ҷ㲻ѵ˱ǱϿô򵥣ķȫ뵽˰˱棬ַһ𣬴һǰδеķ
֮Ҳз֮ܣַںһ
õ޸֮󣬰˱Լٶ޸ЩѺ۲޸ұøӼ̣һ׵˱һӰſڽ׵ɽȥ
ϵ׵ԽԽܼ꣬飬ײ󲿷ֶ˱գҶ㷴ûܶ׵Ϯ
ڻˣɵˣô׵磬ˣͱɻˣҶӣһƵЩ׵ѹв
ѾӺɫ˳ɫͨ׵γһצŭ
㣬ֱѹڰ˱֮С
ŽɫҶ۽һֱվ׽ϴҶϱһļµϢԲƺӦˡ
Щ޷ĵͺֱڵأ֮֮棬ǧ壬ǰ֪ϣ
һ䣬ʹ֮ˣȻٵɲܷУǲҶ㣬ʹ֮һհ衣
һȭݺݵĻ֮ϣ߷һŭһץҶ˺Ѷ
գ
ץľצҶ㲻˷ٿذ˱ֱѹȥ˫Ϊһƣץ¡
ǡ
շ·ҪѣǵıҶץֱѹڰ˱档

ҶֱӼħ棬ʼ޾ɢϢȼӵдɽ編ɽķּɱһС
ЩҶҪģԴ˱ɽ編鳱⵽˱ÿһռ䡣
úúãþɽ編Ҫҵȡķ
Ҷ͵֮ţȡĶһЩԵĺɽ編޷Ӵ
Ǵɽ編򣬵õɽÿһޱȴ׳ǿ󣬻ɢӨı⣬֮˰˱ļǡ
ϣ
˱һ·𱻼ˣ·һһֳɢĹԣֽ١
ϵʧȡ֮һƬʵգһƬʹţҫأҶԡڽм䣬ȫ·һعȡ
껹õ˼棬·˸ظϣõصϿɡ
ʵҶõϿɣǰ˱Ҷ㲻һߣعȣһЩһ̶һɶ
ֻҪҶ㲻ϵĳɳΪָտɴ
гʣлɡ
ûʣȻŬҲɾͲˣҶʣֻҪزۣԲϵʵ
վԶĻȻûеõعȣΪԵҲܵһЩɹ䣬ԡů£ȫůģһЩʶȥˡ
νһ˵õȮ죬ΪҶ֣Ҳ档
ɹһʧĻָƽ˱صҶģղŲһˡ
Ѻʧұϳµ··ʮأ֯ľһɫһֱ쵽⣬ϡ
֮ϣֵָһɢȻľҶʮ
ãԽԽˣ
İ˱ҶմմϲԼɽһΣͿԴһ֣ϧ˺ڣҪķ࣬Ѱôķ
һɱˣŻȡô෨ɱôˡ
ҶҡͷЦһ建䵽ϡ
ܣ
ֵܽıһ
ܣ㣬ֵܶˣ֪ʲôʱͻƾ硣
ԴһΪߡ
һöҩЧƻҲ벻
öݽ˿׾ãҲһ硣
ڣ˾磬õ˴ɽ編ֵõعȣ붼ġ
ԣǽԴϲʮԼľݽ˿׽Ҷֵһʵ
˵øл磬Ǵ翶óݽ˿ףҲͻƾ硣
Ҷ㳯һһĹӦǻ
ˣٽˣôĶŪû˵ע⣬ǻǸϽ뿪ɡ
һһܲˣֱӴˡ
ûǸϽ뿪ɡ
ûô׽٣𺦼٣ҶŶɽ٣ӦÿգϽҸû˵ĵطһ졣
˺ܿ뿪һʱ֮󣬹Ȼ˷ϧ߹ˣٲ׵µĺۼ׷¶֮ɫ
ѵ߽ٵɽ٣
Щ׺ۣжϡ
߽ٵɣһǿˣƬ򣬾Žٵָ˺ڣ׽ԽԽǿǿʧܣΪɢɡ
㵽˾Žٵɣ׵ȥһΣһɹܳΪˣʧܣһûлͻˡ
Բ򲻵ѣûоŽٵɻѡͻƣǵȵԪ߻㹻ˣ壬Żѡͻơ
ֻͻƵˣԪŻԴԴϵӣԷɽ磬¿ʼ
ܣܣȻǳˣ죬ϤһµԺʩչӵӦ֡
顣
˷׷׵ͷһͻƾ磬ҪϤһʱ䣬µµĸ򣬶Ҫ˶һͻƣҪϤ
û˳ԭ·أǳɽǰѰޣɱԼ似
һ·֮ϣ޶Ҷɱڶޣλֳ֡
ԽԽ룬Ǹǿ
һͻƣҶö֮ԼһȥԼϵԴ綼һգԲɱ޵ͷӶԻȡԴ
䣡
Ҷһָ£һͷֱӱԹԵڵϣһҵĺȻܶĻľ
ҶʵҪǰǿ٣ϤµҶɱ޸ҪԪ
ʱҶһȭֱӽ޴򱬡
ııġ
ԶѣƺһȺս
ͣס壬໥һۡ


1177 
Զ޵ŭ𣬻ײź֯һ
һۣ˱Χӻֹһͷޡ
磬Ҫȥ
ĺıȽأҪȥʲôˡ
üͷ΢壬鵱ȻжԶԶһΣô졣
ܣ˼أ
ȻҶʵǿӦһ
ǹȥɣ
Ҷһ£
ǲҪֻԶԶĿһۣ׷ʲô顣
Ҷֲһ䡣
һ˵ͷҲ㣬ȥһۣΣգֱߡ
ʧԭأսٸȥ
𣡡
һ֣޵ŭԶɽֻ죬ͱڷ̵öĤʹ
һյʱ䣬ڸϵսȴ޷սγɵУһǳΣա
磬ңҪ
ǿĳҶ㶨ס壬ǲҪڽһһȥ
ܣҪʲôѵҪȥ
Ҷ㰲ţסҶ㣬Ҫðա
סҶ㣬ƾޣͲҶܶԿģҶ㲻ٵɣǿսʤĽ޾ͲˣޣӦѶȡ
ԱӦû⣬ˣҿԷС
ҶһЦܿʧԭأս򣬷淽ԲﶼΪƽأЩľ׷׵ɽʯΪ촷ۡ
Ҷ䵽һž棬˱һͷ񱩵޽ԭأ޷
ʶһɨ˷ǳ򵥣ʵζٵɣһ˻ٵɣڵǿ϶ĬĬš
ޣҶһʲôޣԾףȻ֮ȫ
ӣ㻹취ɣҪڹˡ
һٵɳΨһٵɴ˵
Уһֱܶ뿪
һȻ֮ɫȻ͹ϵٵһŮͣٵɵʵȫ
˾ͷǳΣˣ⻢ͷʵٵɣϻǶҺЧĹڴ󲿷ֵ
һ뿪˿϶ڻͷ
ӱԥˣȻ˶
˴󼱣˭Ҳ뿪ˡ
ǲҪ˵ˣѾսҲǡ
ֱӰѻ˵ȻѼ˶ֵܡ
ԶҶ˵ͷǰܿһ˵飬ԼĶѣֵÿɽ
ȻĿһۣƺĳЭ顣
ӣԲˣǻĻ
˷ֱĻҲʮˣϦദѳһ͹ϵ
Ҫ
˵һŭȣ֪ҪʲôȻҪԼ롣
ӣԲˣ
ֱӳͷ˹ȥԱķʽըͷ룬ѰߵĻᡣ
ۿ˾ҪԱҪѾˣͷ뷢ĽҺҪֹ˵ĽŲ
ڴʱһɫâֱڻͷͷ֮ϣѹ˸оеϢѹסˡ
֣
ֳֳԭأΪ˱ͻȻһȣѡ
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ǰ˱һͨԪܴ߶ҵӦ֣׽ٸ֮󣬸Ҷ϶ԽԽߡ
ԭΪû뵽ͻȻһͷնɱһз̫죬˼
̨ɣ
ɨҶ֮ٵɣʵǳֲĻͷ룬ᱻ
ҶҲûжأ˳ǴŵЦ⡣
л̨ղųȣм̨մ
ԭҶ֮о֮ҶղͻȻ֣ѾΪ˾
֮Ͷѣ
Ҷ֮Գ֣Ǳ֮ĹϵΪΪˣһսһҶ˽ύ֮ġ
Ҷز죬˶ύһЩѡ
ߵսվĻ׷׳ΪҶ˲⣬Ҷû£һĲŷ
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ʼλմ
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һ֮ɫղҶִȣѾڻͷ֮£ﻹվ
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Щţҡҡĸ첲ֻҶ㣬һƽ֮ɫΪ飬Ϊĳ
֣ЦˣλҴ磬λҶҶ㡣
Ŵһ𾪵ӣҶһͷߣһ
ԭǻ֣֣Ҷ֣˵ز˵֮أǳȥ˵
ʮֿ˳ȥղһۣҲ££뿪Ƭ
һ·ϣҶֻ֪һμң䲻˾ͽ壬丮ָ߶ȣںҲһĵλ
μҴӣδμҵļ̳ˣҲǴתμҵλǳ֮ߣΪǫͣʮӵ
Ů֮ΪĴգСһ𳤴ͬ㡣
Сʱμϸѡˣһһ𳤴һϢԽ꣬ĿģǸ
ҶҲû뵽ԼȻ־һȫû뵽ġ
Ҷ֣лղľ֮
һ˻ص˵ǣֱҵһľ¥μҵĲҵҪһ䣬ϵĶɽ亣ζ˼伫Ʒ
еľƱҶǰԾơ
ҵֵܣͲҪһֱ˵лĻˡ
һ·֮ϣ֪˵˶ٴθлĻҶ䶼ӳ֮Գ֣ȫΪƾŵʱĸо
ãҶˬ죬ֵҽˡ
Ҳʮˬ죬һڽƺȥ֮໥Ц
ˣһݣ
ĴվҶһҪҶ֣˿϶Ѿˡ
Ϊݺ飬ҶĳлĻͲ˵ˣȾơ
ҶʾǶ£Ҫ̫ˡ
ǶҶֵģҪ
ͷʾ⣬°ɡ
ҶֵܣĿǺˣ֪ҶֿɷֵܣҪʲôΪ־ƴǡ
ҶоǺˡ


1178 ֮ŭ
һ̸˫Ĺϵ˺ܶ࣬ҶҲ֪Ĵյ֡
Ĵգֱϴ࣬϶죬ģľΨһŮӡ
Ҷ֣û뵽ǣǸطԵ
Ҷһݣ˵Լǣû˵Լ½
Լ飬˻֪֮⣬ûҶ㲻ֻûбҪ
Ҷ֣лڵǣʲô飬ңһƴǡ
̸һʱ䣬ž㷹ҶҲҪ뿪ˣվ˵ⷬûκ֮УȫǷԷθ
ֵĻҶĳסˣԺ£һ߶֡
Ҷ˵һ䣬ڲҪ£Ҷȥϵϵǣ棬ζˡ
Ҷ֣μƣʲô飬ƾƣڵû˸Ҷô
óһöƳμ߹ƣó֮Ĵն¶֮ɫ
ǾͶлˣܱܡ
˵ӹƣ֪Ҷԣ϶Ҫ
Ҳ΢΢һЦֻҪ¾ͺã˭µĲҪ
֣ǣ
ҶҲڶǣ뿪˾¥
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ܶô˵ͷΣͷȻʹöƣһãԺֻܵμʹǵȻϣΪ˼ҵū͡
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Сӣ֪ղ˵Ļҿһ𡣡
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Сģ
֪֣Ҷ㣬Ҷ˵һԡ
Ҷ㲻УҲṶ͵ֵ֮顣


1179 ѩ
˶˿飬ڻһʱȻ֣֮ƣĽٵɣ԰գɷС
ǶԷ֪֪ҪٵɶٱÿһˮͰһޱȴ׳֮
˶ħצҶǱܿǷ
ͺջʯ¶̵Ŀ⣬նɱҶ㣬ڻȡϵҩ
Ϊһҩնɱʮ޹֮ˣҶҲϷŹĳ֮ݶ˷ָ
丮һҶһаħɣµĳ˺ݶŵҲòȥ
νᣬһõţԲôİࡣ
κŶа֣丮һô࣬Ǽ亱Ҷ϶丮ʲôö
ȻаħɣҶͲĴаħ֮ˣҪնɱΪЩ޹˱
ȥʮˣˣŮСΪͻȻɱĲס
ħצһҶɢɱ⣬ƺܻ۳ʵʣγһѾҪҶԵȥݱ֮
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Ҷ㹺ԺӣǿҪطŨܶ࣬Ȼ˴ʮѹԴҶΪֵá
һõأǳҪȽϰȫԺҶ򵥲һ󷨣ٵˣҲóȻ롣
ʦʱҪԼ򣬵ѾˣΨһȱٵĻԴ
׵׽٣ͻһ硣
ܶߣһϣٳ޷׽٣ֻ׬ȡԴȥ׵ϣͻһ磬ոɽ編
׵ȴֻۡһҿƣȻǷڣÿǶóö׵ʱ򶼻
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1180 һҹ
Ӱһʧ֮УϵӰҲ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ָ׺ģ˵˭ԣΨܸˣˣ֮УҲС
˵꣬Ӱʧԭأ֪ʲôȥˣȥ֮ǰ۽˸֮ɫԼŮҪˡ
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Ҷÿ춼͵֮ţȡ°빦
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1181 ݺݳ
ҶҲСȴƫƫܴÿһ˵Ķ棬۱¥ǹ
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˵ûҾҰСӣȻ㲻ϵǸȶ⣬ҾͰ㡣
˵꣬Ҷһ¬ûзӦͱҶһץסֱӻ֣Ҷҿžϡ
Ҷûаϧ
ɫ䣬۱¥ٷ˱˵ڴ⣬⻹˵á
Сӣң
¬һ߶ˣĽٵɣǳˣ۱¥ΰҲһϣƽʱʱǰø顣
ʲôҵģ
ҶûֹͣŶ⣬¬εѱˣĲҲ̶á

ߴŭһƳҶ£׼¬Ρ
ߣ
ҶһߣͻȻ̽ߺɨȥ߾ȻоһϢϢԼϮ
䣡
ߵֱӵɳȥǶǽ֮УѪĭԴţ٣࣬Զˡ
Ҷһɾ۱¥ϣʣһ߶ԭأûиóȻ֡
Ҷ㵱ɱˣ¬ɫ䣬ɤӷߴﹾڳݲ塣
žžž
֮Ҷһ⣬ݺݵĳ¬εϣֱӱͷת


1182 ˵һ
ڳܶ߶ȫˣž۱¥ٷ˱⣬ĸͷƵãŵòֱӶһԣԸ¡
ҶǸ
Ҷ鼸ʮ֮һȣ¬εԴҪըˣѪ֮У־֮ɫ
㡭֪˭
¬λδԼݣ۱¥ٷˣڵǾкܸߵĵλ
ٸһᣬڲǸŲֱӽɱ
Ҷ·ħ¬λһǸҶĽɱ
ԡԲ𡭡
¬δŶ񶾵񣬳ѵ˵֣ʮΥĵ˵
ܣ˰ɣһ
̾һҶ¬ΰɣѾȥüˣɱ¬ΣļҲ

Ҷһӣ¬˳ȥղһٶ⣬һſĺѪĿȫǣͷңиղǸ˵ģ
˻¬ȫˣ˵ڳݲ壬񶾵䡣
ҶһβŷӦ˵ҶʲôûмںСɫԣҶʱɱ
Ҫڸ˵һ֣šԴ
Ҷ¶ŨŨɱ⣬ʱ䣬۱¥¶ʼͣ·ź
Ҷ¬ιȻҿ˵һ߿˹ȥ
ߵ˵ͷҶ׼뿪ʱһȺ˳˽Ҷ˽Χһʵǿ
˭ھ۱£˱ˡ
۱¥ĸֶˣʮʱ䣬͵ôĸ֡
Ҿ۱¥ĺ̨丮һϣ£ӵҲ丮
ǴҶ֪øë丮ĳ϶ȥˣڵ۱¥ĵط಻ʤ
ܣ磬߰ɣҶҲǡ
ųʮˣ¶֮ɫҶ˵
ܣʲôǵ˵ĻиͬͬôᶪԼֵܡ
ļ򣬼ȻΪֵܣͲֵܡ
ŻҶʮָж˫ȭ׼һս
ԹԵ־ܣȻһķǳѿ
ʮˣһɫĽٵɣʵǳͷҲһߣȥѾ֪һǳҶ˺ȵ
ķǳѿҵҪô
ҶЦ鵽زѾûк˵أȻҪսԲ۱¥
ϵ˲һĸо˶˳ֵ׼
ԶվŮһֱעߣԸղеľٶһ
磬˵ô죬˶о֮ǲǸðһѡ
ľʵû뵽μҵĴҲŴ˴
żȵȵȿ
˰֣ʾڵȵȡ
ǻŸʲôɱˣ
¬εõ֮Ѫɢ˲٣˵ҲȽ
ԼԹң
ҶͻȻʧԭأ˭Ҳ֪ôʧģ·һ磬ͻȻ¬εǰֱһ󣬿סĲӡ
˵ڸ˵һ֣Ҿɱ㡣
Ҷֽס¬εĲӣȽѣǳɫ
ٷˡ
˴󾪣ҶڱΧ֮£ܴݲȵĴƤ뿪ֱ˼顣
˵Ƿƨˡ
Ҷֱһʹ¬εĹͷҶֱӾ壬˫ڿвϵĵ̤˫ҪҶֱȴҶֱۣһޱȾ޴ǯӣסĲӡ
ԽԽ죬ӵĹͷڴϿ¬εĺԽԽѣˮϻ䣬ϧûͬ顣
ΥɻմȾϧ
Ҷ˵꣬һ¬γ֮ǰʣп־壬ûܹˡ
䣡
Ҷֱһӣ¬α˳ȥ˵ϣ˫ŭ컨壬༫ֲ
۱¥һļž۱¥ٷˣһСɱ߸ǵ˼ά
ĴնˣҶɱֶ̫Ե˵һ¬β˵һ֣ҲϧҶ㡣
Ÿʲôɱˣ
ʮ˷ŭһҶ˹ȥ׼֡
ס֣
ڼ׼ֵʱһȣըףֹǣĵӰȺ֮˳
μҵĴգ
ϳˣǵǵĴգʱҲھ۱¥ǹʲôϡ
Ǿ۱¥飬ѵμҲҪ֣
ߺȻɵĴգϾ˼˶ٵɣμʵǿ󣬽丮Ǿ۱¥ﲻ
ǵĿɽ丮һųϣλǺܸߣ϶ȥҲҸμΪУ丮ֲɵӣΪһϣһӴ塣
⼸˶о֮˭Ҳܶ
೯Ҷ㱧һȭһɨ۱¥˵
ĽܣҶ΢΢һЦ¶һ˿ײЦݡ
û˵μҵˣǾˣ˵һЧ࣬ȴһ
μ֮ˣ۱¥ҵҲôˣҪǾˣμûйϵţǾ۱¥׷ɱҶ㣬ô򵥡
ɱٷˣô뿪ô˽
ԥˣμҵˣǲҵҪǷҶ뿪Ǳ׷Ҳǡ
ǵ飬ûйϵ
˰֣ôиƨϵǵĿģǴҶ㡣
ʵǿǰȨμڵǷչǧ꣬ٹ̣۱¥ż꣬һ丮ϷԾ۱¥¾۱¥һ춼ֲȥ
ΧҶʮϺһһ󣬲֪ѡ񣬷ߣǵμҡ
Ҷ֣ߣ
࿴һǣ¶֮ɫһȺ׸ƵСˣѹͲ
ҶҲŽ뿪˾۱¥ûһ˸
˴֣ͣס˽Ų
Ҷ֣ܰǵֻôˣڡ
಻μ鷳ԴҶֿ֮۱¥Ȼ£ΪһҶ㣬丮Ͳֵˡ
лλ
Ȼ۱¥סԼҶ㻹Ǹм˵һ䣬˼Ұǡ
ʱľ۱¥ѾˣĿɱٷ˵ĵ˴߳ȥȴΪ
ˣѾֿˣȻμҲ¡
ղҶ뿪۱¥β棬Ƿֿ֮
ԸȥоӢȫ׷ɱˣ⣬丮˳ѹһμңǲҪڶ¡
Ըж˳Ҷټʼ׷ȥ
磬磬ǲڴȥˡ
ҶתСͣס壬ڵ˾۱¥Է϶ưոݣһ׷ɱǡ
ҶԼνλֳٵɣ޷ֵ۱¥׷ɱ
ɱ丮ʮ˵飬綼ᱩ©ʱԵĲֹǾ۱¥׷ɱ丮


1183 
ûлصסԾ۱¥϶ܿͻ鵽ǵĵַ
Ҷ𣬴磬ܣǸϽ뿪ɣ
ʮ𣬴εϣҶϽ뿪ǣⱻ۱¥˷֡
ֵܣΪ˵Ļһ𵣵
ļҪ̫ѹ˭ûоһЩ飬ԼһҲһͬ
磬ܡ
Щʣֵܽıһ
磬磬ǿ϶ǾסˣҸǶƼһطúﰲȥǡ
ҶͻȻһ뿪ǡ
ܣҪҲҪһߡ
ˣҶҪ뿪Լ£۱¥ˡ
Ҫ飬Բ뿪Ƕ뿪֮ǰǣҵ塭
Ҷ㽫ԼĹϵ˵һ飬ÿ忪ɳԴҶɡ
ҶԼûʱȥǰλֿ԰ȡԴ͹ֱһãֿ԰ֲԼ
ԴȻ齨ԼԺ֮У֮ء
ܣһ뿪ɣԼʮΣգ丮ʱûв鵽ϣҲǳ顣
ϣҶһߣǿ϶˴ȥҶһˣΣա
˵һҪҪڲ뿪
Ҷյ솴ǣδ˵أⲻҶķ񣬶ҺҪԼ¾Ҫ뿪솴ˣʱ¼϶ᷢ֡
ȻܲߣҲߡ
ҲԼˣһӶİ
˺ܼҪһҪһ
磬磬˵뿪Լһ·㣬ҲԱ֮Ƕ£ΣҲˣȻٵɶκβң丮Ȼǿ󣬻ɳٵ׷ɱң˵ǲǡ
˵˵ͷٵɣкܸߵĵλˣ丮ҲǺĵӵĴڣʥӣλܸߣȥ׷ɱһϰĽɫ
ԣԼİȫû⣬ǲҪģǰҪģǻԴǿ齨һԺ򣬲Ÿеλ
Ҷ㽫ϵ˵˳ԴˣҪȥõѡ
ˣҶҲģôһԴǹ
ǡ
֪Ҷ˵Ķԣ׸ǰҶһڵǣҲ˵ȥ
ûпǣ뿪ҿ̻õͨѶǰľټţһúã뿪
ʱȣž۱¥˻û׷Ҷ˸Ͻ壬뿪솴ǡ
ãܣ㣬ܴߵһżȻ㡣
ǻһǧ꣬Ҫˣڲʱʱ丮ûǼɱ˶˵ʱ뿪
ֻҪǣ丮Ѹ棬ǵȻܹ㣬ֻ첻ǵĵز
߰ɣ
Ҷ˼ǸϽ뿪۱¥ѾڽѰˣһҵ϶鷳
Ŀ뿪ҶӰȻʧղŻδˣҶԿ̻ʵڲУֱ뿪򣬽ε򣬴˼ڡ
Ҷİȫʱû⣬ҲųһϾ丮꣬ʮӱɱ϶᳹顣
ڻ뿪ĵڶ죬ҶסԺӾͱ˷֣۱¥˺ܶˣͲڵߣԺһ飬ϧûҶ˵Ӱӡ
丮ҲʼʮڵǣܶϢìͷֱָҶˡ
丮⵽ƣܿ丮䷢һɱҶκһˣԻȡԴ
׷ɱĿɲֹ丮۱¥Щɢޣ뵽׷ɱУСҶ㻹л˵ͼƬ
һʱ䣬Ҷĺܼѣ¶棬һ֣ͻ⵽ΧҺЩɢʵǺǿ󣬱Ҷһһ
֮£ҶһƤߣ˲֪ϢֻҪû˻ע⡣
ĸ֣αװĹϢжһˣҺҶӴ˲Ǻܶ࣬;۱¥ʮˣֻҪǾû¡
ɫˣһε䣬һӰ֣۱¥ǰ治Զ
ǲҺùҲǺù
еӰ¶һ˿ɱһΣʧԭأ۱¥ķȥ
䣬Ӱھ۱¥һ¥ϣϢ·һ紵
һɨﲼ˺ܶƣϧЩƶҶ˵ͬ裬Ҷõ󷨴ȫȻأɵƵƣٴʧԭء
үҪ˼һ֮
Ҳһ֮УŮ͸Ĺǡ
İɣүġ
һͷˣŮ˹ȥ
үͻƭūңźүôЩˣѵүͲϸһ𣿡
ŮưͣӻԽϲŮֱƵ˴ϡ
İɣȥˣһһ֡
һ˺Ůһ·˺¶׵ļ
ү˵𣿡
Ůһţ˫ϲϵߡ
Ȼүʲôʱƭ㣬Ǹɧˣ˭Ҷԡ
ʳֱӽŮѹ棬ʼҵ˶󽿴ӷ洫ȥ
ⲻ֪ڴ棬һڵӰӾվԭأɱ⡣
үūϲ
һЦӷ洫ȥõϢŻ
ӰͻȻһΣʧԭأ׵ĳڴԱߣѩ׵һ
ͻȻڴϵоһһ飬ͻȻ׼һȻļĲϡ
ʵʵı죡
䣬һ˿顣
үôˣ
Ů۾ܣͻȻϵ˫ۣһˣҪС
ͣ
Ůδгʱ򣬽һɨһѪŮʵסԼĲӣ建ȥ
صĲϣŸղŻԼˮ֮Ůڱһʬ壬һƬҰ֮ɫǺܿ
˭ΪҹǾ۱¥
ʵһҶɱڡ
Ǳ
䣬Ҳǵʵ
ûҾǾ۱¥
ûԼݣԷȻϢˣ϶Ƿ֮ԼݣѰ·
ҵľ㣬һһ丮ϸĵͼһҪһЩϢвһὫʬΡ
˾ȻҪһ丮ĵͼϸϢ
ð죬ϰҪÿ
ʮϣΪʲô˵飬丮̫ϤˣΪԼ丮ĵӣ֪֮ܶࡣ
ܺãʼɣ
˳سóƤ̻Ϣ


1184 о
ȻҶ㣬ʱһֱ⵽׷ɱĴ丮о۱¥ߣΨһİ취뿪
Ǻ֪Լڵǣһ뿪ҪԼô죬ҶΪѡ
ʶס˱ԷҷĽٵɣҶ׿ơ
ſʶӡ
ԪҶ㻹ǲģ׼ӣԺֻܵԼʹ
ԷԼ⵽ɣҶҪſʶ
ðɡ
¶һ˿֮ɫһҶӡһֻūۡ
㻹зӦɱ㡣
гǰһͣһϸۿҶɱϵŮһ˿飬˵
ҪʲôҶԴӦ㣬㲻Ҫһ꺣ӡԴŮλҶԸ㡣
ѭѭգϣҶŹ
ϻ˵ڲſʶݹ顣
Ҷʶһһֱ̣Ӵ̽Ļ꺣С

һҽУϧ䣬ҶѲ˽ơ
Ҷ̴ֱۣ֮ԪǿӣñӴԺֻԼĵǲ
ٵɣҶ϶ðգԷǳ֮ǿ󣬱ĽٵɣҶ֮ƿķɹ¡
μˣ
֮󣬱ˣһϵģղˡ
·ãҪ丮ϸϢ
ҶԸһ䣬ñ̻丮Ϣ
ǣˣ
һ֮⣬ȫûκα仯ղ졣
·֮ǰ棬ʼ̻丮ϢֵͼȻϣֲӺĵӣʥӣϸĽܣòע⡣
æµһϣ̻˼ʮƤ¼Ķ丮Ϣ
ˣѾˣ
ĽϢҶվһԡ
ʱ䲻ˣҲҪˣ֮ǰ㳷ȥҶ˵׷ɱ
жʰҶɫδֱʧԭء
ˣ
ĿҶ뿪ָɡ
ˣ
һȣܽꡣ
ʲôԸ
ʰһ£Ҫ뿪
˵꣬뿪䣬㶵Ļױӽôô磬ʱӦûں˯
뷿䣬ϳһŮѪȾ˴໥һۣӶԷ֮Уһ˿־塣
ôˣΪҪɱѿ
ŵŮƽʱʱһֱ̱û뵽Ȼķ
ҪˣǸϽʰɾˡ
һ˸Ͻʼʰھ۱¥ȫǼҳ㷹һû˻ȥ⡣

ȻɣǽһϢʮ˹עǾǾ۱¥ˣֹͣҶ˵׷ɱ
ϢĪĲһͷˮϢԴûǾ۱¥µһᣬⰲżɱ¬ΣΪ¬ΰйһСһн赶ɱ֮ơ
ȻʮֹѪΪ˶ȥ׷ˣ˻ʲôȥʲô
¬Ѿˣ޶֤˭֪Ϣ滹Ǽ١
丮ûз˺ü죬ûҶϢ֮ҵͺǰ
ͺǵǵС죬ƽʱʱ丮һЩȣڵǸЩ͵ĹҲмˡ
˾۱¥ѰҶɶˣ׼ػǰסĵطסĶƽ񣬵λܵͣ˶Ŀ

ˣǰǻǰסĵطϴͺϴɱ˲ˣܶ˶ˡ
СһȺʮ˿ٵĳ߿ƬƽֿʼƽˣߵĲ˷׷׻⼸Ļƽ
ѣ
ͷһ֮ɫϸƺ˶мơ
ǣʦ֣
ʮɢʼķ֮У޼ɵ
㲻Ҫ
һƵķ֮УһС˺ѷεĺ

һȴǹͷѵ
޶޶ôˡ
һٸȥ޶ſڵϣȫĹͷϵˣѪ
˵ûˡ
ӣһŲٸϣĻϲʶˡ
ȺħֻʵʵֵˣΪζϷҵ޶
ٸѾʧȥ޶ֱҧ⣬һѪԴһᣬ޶һˡ
ģ
һݱһ߿סһСڳԷ˳ŵøϽһԡ
ϲʶǣ֪ǵ䣬ҿǲ
һʮС޵Ĳϣвĸĸ
ǡǲʶ
޶ĸսս˵һˣֻǿȡһЩС޹ʵҲؾ׵Ĵڡ
ͣ
һУʮ޶ԴѪ֮ߡ
޶ҵ޶
Ůֱһƨ˵ϣԼ޶ʬ壬ʹ
ٸһλᣬңҵǡ
ûκ֮ɫ·ɱһͷһ˵Ĳϡ
Ⱥħǲú
˷Ĳҽò׶һ٣ѣһȻúƶҲʳڡ
ǽ죬һȺˣǵɱǵļˣôܲޣôܲŭ
ԼԹң
겻ɷ˵һɨ˵ԴһѪȾ˷

Ů˷ºӵʬ壬Լɷ򣬴ض㡣
Ҹƴˣ
֮Ůվ˹ȥͬھ
ϧ֮Ĳ̫ˡ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ŮҲѪ֮Уһȫ
һɱ¾ӣƽһѪ֮ģϧյֿڣͱҲһʬ塣
һʱʱ䣬ɱ¾ƽסǧˣһ̣ѪȾ˲񷣬ѪɺӣϣǽϣϣˮرߣϡѪ
ʦ֣ûҵǵټ
ȥļʮ˷׷׻ûѵκϢ
ߣӦ뿪ˡ
ʦ˵˺ܿ뿪
Ϧʱ֣һӰ߽Ƭƽʱ£Ҷٴλݱܼ졣
ֿ߽ڵʱŨҵѪ֮ҪϴλŨҽǧ
ಣ
ҶʧԭأС֮УǽϣϣѪͷʬ壬˵ڽֿڵķ򣬿Ǵ뿪

Ҷ㷢ŭѾ²⵽ʲô
ֱӳ˽ȥһشÿһ棬Ѫʬ֮⣬һ
丮ҸƲ
Ҷ˫Ŀ𣬲Ѳ³۱¥Ѿ׷ɱɱЩ˵һ丮
¡¡
ͻȻ˴꣬ž·Ҫˢ
Ҷ㾲վУĳ˹ȵףɱǳˮһ


1185 а
У
Ҷŭŭ丮Ĳп飬ԼûԼ㹻ǿô˶޹ΪԼɥ
Щƽ丮մϱߣΪֵ丮¾һɶҶˡ
һҪҶ㲻ʲôӱʮ겻Ŀг𲻸ҹȻг𣬾ǲݣûʮ֮˵
ֻҪκεĻᣬҶ᳹׵Ļ丮丮ΪЩ޹ᡣ
ǿЩײߣ磬ǶҶ˵ÿһ˶һʻ׷ҲĿ꣬Ѫ⣬˼룬бԼкβͬ
ҶСطǼѧԺӵбʣڿܻЩˡ
ԣҶ㲻ӣҲų⣬ǵһΪǶˣֻҪˣϣϱ̤Ҫҵ̤ϵˣǺݺݵĲڽ£ˣϲ¡

Զݴ֮УðһͷȻŴ꣬ҶҲӦˣһΣһʮĺӣһľ֮ɫ
Ҷ֮󣬺ӸݴȥΪҶҲɱġ
ӣҪ£Ҳǻˡ
Ҷϵɱ⣬зŭ֮ɫɺͰ׵ӡ
㡭㲻ҪǶǻˡ
Скϳڲݴ״ΣǴ֮УĿ־壬һ¾
ӣ壬﷢ʲôˣĲǻˡ
ҶԽԽͣݴСкƺڷɾ裬һ¶Դ
ҶĲɱŷģӶ˳
ۣ
кͻȻȥŸĸȫѪ֮Уֱӹڵء
ŵϵʬ壬ҶһԲĵȺ
һյʱ䣬Скǿˣȡ֮һı֮ɫһ㡣
Ҷ㶼Ϊ֮һСкԼСʱ̫ˣһƥҰǣʮֹ¶¶棬һ˿УĸԼĸĸûᣬղһ̣ȫա
壬ҪΪʦҸĸ𡣡
СкͻȻҶǰҶ㣬ϣ游ĸ
ҪΪʦ
Ҷ㿴Ск񣬷·𿴵ԼСʱȷʵ˼ղŲ鿴һЩСкĹʷǳֻǳƽߣûкõԴԵ
ʦԸ⣡
ʮֶ£ֱӸҶͷ˵ĶͷѾѪ
Ϊ˱𣬶ΪʦҲӦ㣬Ϊ㡣
Ҷҡҡͷã־ᶨڳ޵У߻ħҶ㷴
ʦҲܣҪǿɱеĳˡ
겻ģǵҪҶΪͽ

Ҷ̾Ϣһ֪ξĸĸΪԼھܾԼһˣڵ
ҶΪѵľ棬һжȽϷ㣬һһˣš
ʲô֣ôڲݴ棿
Ҷ㳯ʵ
ʦӽаͯľʮꡣҸĸڶԲأͻȻһ˴ĸݴУŶһ١
ʮּ࣬ϵĳҲˣҶ֪еĳ޶ĵףһԿ¡
Ҿͽ㰢ľɣ뱨Ҳ㣬ڣ˵ʵҪģǺúõĻȥ
ҶͯľԴĳ˵
ʦ֪ԺһúõԶ̷㣬ӴԺҵĸ
ͯľ֪ΪʲôӼҶһۿʼʹΪʦһֱûɡ
Ҷ˵ͷɰͯľ飬ڼ³ɳߣǿߣҵĻ䣬Զеһ졣
ಣ
ܿ죬һӰҶǰ
ӣҵˡ
µľȻǸ߻һĽ֮ɫ
ʲôˣΪ˻ţ
Ҷüͷһ壬ֲԤУӸ߻֮УͿһЩ
ˣС
߻֪Ӻ˵𣬷λȥ¼巢˷츲صı仯رǺǱǿ⻹ǹؼ
ôˣ
Ҷһץס߻ǻУ߸ΪԼôˣѵΪ¼Լһ棬Ҳʲô
֪С飬ȥ֮󣬾Ȼ˾ͽסС㣬ԺҲ벻¼壬үһ֮󣬴Сӣ͸˾ͽ¹ɻ顣
߻ȥ˵һ顣
ԭǰЩӣǰҶ飬¼ȫ֮飬Ϊ˱ٴ뿪壬˾ͽסִӦ˾ͽ壬һ֮顣
ϢҶԭӣȫ·ˡ
ʲôôܴ򿪡
ҶһƽϢԼںңǳң֪ôӺ֡
ǳޣǱǰˣҶоһƬ
Կֻ˾ͽУ˾ͽƹܣ˸ò߻ε˵
İ취𣿡
߻˼һϣһӶ˾ͽˣѽ⿪ûûҹҪܼ尾ǽ˾ͽ¹ĸһǱ˴మһʮֲп
һ־ᶨױʴʱͻҶ㣬˾ͽ¹һ
ѣа취ʱҲС־ᶨ㶮á
߻û˵ȥ֮Ը˾ͽһʱ䣬ϣͨһʱ䣬ú¼峹׸˾ͽ¹һ𣬵ʱɻ飬صĸ˾ͽ¹Υġ
־ҷģ˵һ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳ޷Ҹĸ顣
ҶʮţȻ˾ͽ¹һ𣬵Ҷţ׾
ҲôģСֻܼһʱ䣬ʴԽˣҲ޷⿪
߻ȻϣСΪƷ˾ͽ塣
ң˾ͽԿ֮⣬ʲô취ܴ
˾ͽҲоŽٵɣҶȥҪԿףѰ·ֻ
丮аҲն
߻ܿҶָһ·ֻ丮аſˣҲһ
丮
丮֣Ҷ˼˼취
齻ңȡһ֮ڣ㵽аȽ⿪ϵ˵Ժ飬ֻһһ
Ҫ¼˾ͽҶгԽ˾ͽĵλ¼ƲŻ˵Ż
ӣѵҪǱ丮ȡа
߻ˣҶ丮ȡа
Ҳǰ丮˶ҶҪȥ
˵ޣҶɢɱ⡣
ʦҲҪȥ
ľֱӹҪҶһȥ
λǡ
߻ˣҶʲôʱһͽܡ
ɣҪ飬ǺúõĻܶԵĸĸ
Ҷ˰֣ܴľһǰ丮


1186 Ĵ
Ҷ˰ֹ֣ľܴһȥ丮
߻鷳һ飬ܲܰһĵط
Ҷ솴ǿ϶ûи߻ϤʱʺϰľУø߻뿪
û⣬ҲһĲҵһ̫ˡ
߻֪Ҷϲ£ϲ׸ֱӴӦ
ãͰˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ⼸ǧ֮УֻаľҶϣʲô̡
ʦ
ҪҶֿͯľЩ˸ĸ֮⣬ٽӴˣһۿҶ֮󣬾ͶҶǿ
ľģҿԴӦʦиһ֮ڣҪҸˣһ֮һʽΪͽܣʹա
Ҷ㽫ľһߣЩϣľ֪еѶȡ
ʦ˵ɣκҶ˷
ľϵ־ʮּᶨҶ˵ͷԼûпˡ
һ֮ڣҪﵽһٵɣʸΪҵͽܣԴ似Ҷ棬һ֮ﵽˣڰΪʦ
Ҷóһöָͯľ
ʮ֣صĽӹҶĽָľֱӹڵأҶͷ
ʦģһ֮һġ
֮󣬰ľվ߻߹ȥƺһӳ
߻Űľ뿪ˣֵֻʣ¿տյҶһˡ
һҹʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ǧʬһ𣬽ȫᣬȵɫʱҶ뿪˵ǡ
֮ǰҶðľ¾Ǹĸĳ˶滭ȻҪҶҪĿԡ
Ȼ˶йϵ
һ񣬸˶þŷƣӦø˶ֵܵĹϵȻ᳤ơ
丮ˣϴ˲ӣҿװɣ
һ¶ӰڲɽҶûѡУ˫Ÿ·ĥԼ似
֮Ҷ솴ϣ丮ĵ̣ʱҶ㻹·˵ء
֮ǰҶһڽ丮϶ᱻ֣Լûкʵݡ
丮䱸ɭϣÿһӶжӦƣҶ㿪ʼñƣ뻹ˣķ֣õƣҲᱩ©
ɣǣܿܶ丮ĵӣУ丮棬Ҳ١
Ҷҵһҿջס£Ѱһᣬȡܻ丮һΪ˱𣬵ڶҲΪ˵ȡа
ҿȥ丮ĴӳˣһɣǣҲҪμһεᡣ
ջͻȻը˹Щò͵˷׷վٷɱȥʱߵһɶֻʣҶһˡ
ҶһͷˮΪ丮ĴͻȻɣǣ
丮˽⣬ӱϵõܶõϢ
Ĵӣų丮ʥ֮Ĵ󶥼ڣ߽ٵңʮֲֿʥŮĴһҲɡ
߽ٵɣ֮УǷëǵĴڣﵽ˽ٵɣԿɣھŽٵɣһߣߵ˾
Ҷˣɣһᣬ丮Ĵһǰ
һκûᣬ丮ĴӶˣͨӣ϶ҲӵֻҪҵ֮ͬˣͿӶԷݡ
Ҷ㰵ĥǰҪҵԼˡ
˳ҶҲ̤ջ֮ϣԶмʮǹһ㣬ΧӣҶԶԶȥĵ磬ֱܲ񷡣
ûķ߽ٵɣһҲԼܶԸ
ҶжϣȻǼԼʵϵķ޷ı䣬ƺضϡ
һ˺дϣ˽ٵɲԶˣǿֲߵˣȻ޷εųˡ
丮Ĵӣƣ棬ǻԪƵʵΪǿ֮ףʥ֮Уλǳ֮ߣ丮ҪͿתѣ
ܶˣɽ޷ȥͻѡתޣϣƳǰһЩӶߵĸԶԪҵСһӡ
˴ҴҵҶǰ߹Щ丮ĵӣһ·֮ϣǹάܿ丮ɣǷֶ棬ں˲ͣס˽Ų
Щֵķ׷ɢȥҶҲص˿ջ֮УϢѾõˣɣʮһᣬʱܶϡж
Ҷԭμӣз֬ʱ򣬶˼
֬Ƿһֺı°빦
ڴʱȼһյ֬ȣħܼӿٶȣҪǷ֬棬зܶĻķ編򣬸Ǳ˵ǡ
Ҫڷ֬벻Чÿһη֬ޱ
֮У弫ٳ֣ƺƬҪȡ֬Ҫᴩ򣬽һƬϵſԡ
ҶʮҪ֬ư˱˱زҶĵƽ࣬Ͼ˱ͬڰ׺߲Ტۡ
ҵ˺ڣƴľǷ˭ķԽ࣬ʤȻҲ
ɱ¾֮ҪѰɱ¾֮زܴҶʱ֪ɱ¾֮أȻҲԶɱ¾֮ȡ㽫ɱ¾֮ĵز
صջҶĿȲμ֮˵Ѱһ丮
һҹʱ䣬ܿȥҶΪӡ
һݣҶ㻯ױһӣһӣէһһߡ
ˣ
Ҷϻʣö֪֮ܲ򵽷֬һĿɲֹĴӣҲǰ϶ʮּҡ
ɣǵԱҲһںɽÿɽ綼ͨóһЩԴ˾ҪĿģķչ
ǿɽĺô꣬ͻᱬǳ籩ʱɽڴ򿪣Ƭ˶
дԣʱɾǿɽҪƬֱ緢
ΪߵȣеȣµȣߵȵλȻϣط˵ҴȫͬǶרź
еȽӵǼӵһ໥̸ۡ
µ򣬻ƽڣ󲿷ֶǹ֣λþûλֻڵϡ
Ҷ㽻ʮö֮ȡһеȵλãһ䣬λ㲻Ϻܺãǽĺô١
Ҷڲع⣬ȻԺļƻǳ
ȥ丮ĴӶĸȻͬΪĴӣȴҲôǢʮֺгһ𣬲˿İˡ
²û丮ʥŮҲˣȫɴݣǶǾŮϧû˼ݣҲ֪Ǽ١
ϧҶ丮ӡǣ˭ֻҪ丮ˣҶĵˡ
˾ͽ¹ôҲ²μ᣿
ϵ򣬸۳֣Ҷһ˾ͽ¹˾ͽĳӣδ˾ͽļ̳ˣҪ޸ˡ


1187 Ԫʼ
Ҷʶ򿪣˾ͽ¹ĵҶ˾Ȼµģ֪ܴܲ֡
ʶҿ˾ͽ¹Ͼٵɣӽ߽ٵɣʵСһ֣òʧ
֮£Ҷֻۣ֮ɨ˾ͽ¹ദһöѺĸһʱԽã˾ͻ顣
Ҷüͷ壬֮۶ҪƳ϶ס
úݶȻסĲ࣬Ҳ־ʱ޿̲ʴһʴһɶʱҶʶ
ҶɱӿһֱԺ¼ûкøУǿǺĸܣҶʹźԶ˵ء
ɨһۣҶҲһЩߣʱ־ʮּᶨΪҶ㡣
ͻȻ˾ͽ¹Ҷɨ֮ɨʱ򣬾Ȼоֱ͵ĸо
ҶջĿ⣬ص˰ǽǣ˾ͽ¹ûзҶ㣬ָܿߵ˽̸
ֲҲ𡣡
˾ͽ¹ļ˿ʶˡ
˾ͽ֣ҿ˵һ֮ӣֵȹϲˣʱһȥϲơ
˵Ǻ솴ҲһǿǵμҲࡣ
ͬϲͬϲʱһҪ
˾ͽ¹ƤЦⲻЦش
ӿԽԽ࣬ĶһЩƽĴ丮ĳ϶г֡
˾ͽ˾ͽ¹֮⣬Ҳмǿ޽٣¼Ҳвǰ
ҲˣҶûǰȥкĴ㣬Ⱪ©ݡ
ԲεͻȻžмһŹΣһŮɫɴ£ĺ֣ǵòѪ͡
ӭҲμһεᡣ
Ůʮֶ͸·òֻĭ޲ܳȥϵ·
Ȼʮ꣬ĸһ۾ֱܷŮ˵Ҳ˼ֻ꣬һֱֲѡ
¥Ϳ쿪ʼɣǶȲˡ
˿ʼŮӲİֱӴغ
԰꣬ʼ
¥˫ˮʮָ΢΢һɢ飬ܵٴʧ
ڴע¥ʱһƷһ֮
ҵĿ⿪ʼڷŵıΪнƸǣ˭Ҳʲôֻܵȵʱһ򿪡
һʮÿһóԶһ
ڿʼһƷҲǴʮϤĵҩԪʼ𵤡
¥ƿһƷһöɫҩӡϴƣӽɵĴڡ
ööԪʼ𵤣Ҿиİӭһε׽ˡ
˿ʼȲˣҪöԪʼ𵤡
ֵҩҶҲ˵ڶɽٵʱ̷һЩ׽ܶ߶ɽٵʱ⵽𺦣ֱӻҷ
öԪʼ𵤣ֿܣرЩٳٲͻƵˣԪʼ𵤣Էĵͻƾ磬Ҳʧܵ
¶Ŀľֹһˣڳ߳ɵ˷׷¶Ŀ⣬ɽΪؼʧ߳ΪɢɣһҲѽһֱ
˵ټ۸񣡡
˰Ͳס¥Ͻ˵۸
׷¥ҲżŤӣ̨һȦ
εϣ⣬ЩҪԴҲܹõ
¥׳һϢȻԴܹ򵽶ôܡ
˵ܵõԪʼ𵤡
Ȳ¥ݸһЦڵסС죬ʮˣ˶ֱӳˡ
óֻҪɣͿԵõöҩĶҲˣûԸȥ񣬵ȻҲԴ򡣡
Ҷ㶼ˣһμķʽﻻľٶ
һ񣬾ͿԵõıʮֺʡ
㵹˵ʲô񣬾ܵõöԪʼ𵤡
Ҷһʮҵվܴ󣬳¥ʵ
Ҫһˣǰҵһö֮ʯöԪʼ𵤾ˡ
¥˵ֻҪó֮ʯͿԻȡöԪʼ𵤡
ڳȻûһڿڣ׷ױտڲ
¥㿪ʲôЦ߽ٵɽȥ˵ȫˣΪһöԪʼ𵤣ʵֵ㻹˵ɣöԪʼ𵤣Ǯ
һ̾Ϣһ˴ҵ솴ǵĽأȥ˶ˣû֪ʲô
Ҳдԣ˵˴սһƬ֮أ˵˵ķĹ˽ȥ䣬οǷˡ
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵솴ǻط
ŴҶԸȥðգȷʵǳΣգڳôǿ߶ѡĬֻ˵һԭȲȥ
ûа취Ԫʼֻϣﻻ
¥εı飬Ԫʼ𵤲ˣԴС
ˣ˴ض㣬ʧôһκûᣬԺ֪ѰԪʼˡ
Ϊһöҩװ׵ȥûɵ̶ֳȣɷҲȥȡ
Ըȥȣҵ֮ʯ
ҶͻȻվ׼һʽ֪ΪʲôҶҪȥԣ֮ʲô
֮ƬܵõƬҶǿݱǿ
ƾ֮ͿնɱĽٵɣҪǿսʤٵɲڻ¡
ԸǰȥȣĿ׷׳Ҷ㿴ҶҡҡͷҶ㲻һٵɣ솴һץһѣضǡ
ǰȥȣѰ·
ŶλԸȥȣѰ֮ʯ
¥תҶ㿴˹ϧһʮͨӵ΢΢ЩʧǺܿ죬¶һ˿Ļߡ
ûԸȥȣѰ֮ʯǰУȵҵ֮ʯȡԪʼ𵤡
Ҷʮֱӵ˵ǰûʱ䣬Ȼ丮취ȣѰ֮ʯ
żֻҪڰ֮ҵɡ
¥ʮֿ֣һŮ
Ԫʼ𵤸λ͹ȥ¥ٴν˵
ôܣδɣͽ͸Ȼĺ¡
ЩﲻƽˣһЩ˺ڣΪԼȴӦõԪʼ𵤣ͻƾ磬Ժ뿪ȥԼ
¥²װɣϾһûõ֮ʯѵͲŶҲˡҶЦеʵ
㲻ʳԵġ
¥΢΢һЦͿҶ㵣ĵʲô꣬ǱϿô򵥡
ã֮ڣһ˫ַ֮ʯ
ҶҲǽ֮ˣԷԼҶҲ裬ֱչԪʼ𵤡
˭ҲţһöƷȻķʽɽ˴۾
ɣһЩ£ѾֲˣôЩ꣬û˳ɹ˽̹Ķ


1188 
ԭʼսָ棬Ҷл˵һ䡣
·Ұ¥ģ֮һֽ֮ʯС
Ҷ˼ٵ֣Ҷ㵹Ұ
з⹫仰ҲͷˣһƷ
¥ζЦݣһöԪʼ𵤣һϷĺöδ֡
Ҷ㲻Ͷ͵õһöԪʼ𵤣Ѿ֮⣬һҶ㲻ٵɣǵ׵ĴڣڶҶ㿴ʮɱ˶ᱦҲ˵ע⡣
ЩȵĿ⣬ҶЦҪľЧ丮۵ңȥǡ
ڼڶƷһܺ䶯ˣɣĶޱǲƷÿһĶʮ
һһԪʼ𵤵òˣֻýĿ⿴ڶƷ
аӰʥ飬Ȫħڵһ׾ԳֶаӰ幥ͬڼֵҾͲ˵ˡ
¥ﱬ˵ڶƷȻɼаӰʥ飬ǻȪħڵһ׾
¥аӰʥҲﻻ𣿡
˸ղŵӣһδҶˣһֱĴֲ
Ʒ۸ߵãǧ֮
¥˰֣ʾԾۡ
Ҷ㰵࣬Լϲ֮ⵥƾһȪħڵаӰʥ۾ǧ֮Ҳкü򣬿Լһ⵰
ȪħʥӦⱾаӰʥ飬Զ綼ʮּɵϧӻȪħķ֮ʧ
ҶṦ򣬼۸Ѿ֮󲿷ֶǸŵӣԼһЩ֮
򣡡
һʮˣҲһ䣬ֲĽһ˴ڡ
ħڵˡ
ڳ˲²⵽ˣǻȪħڵˣҲ뾺аӰʥ飬һãȥԲȪħڡ
ʱҶ˽Ļ֣ħҲǿʵֱǻȪħţԼħڣɣǰͳƽлȪħڣħķѣǿħ˷ֱ˻ȪħŸħڡ
ΪħķѣܶĶ⣬аӰʥ֮һħڵҪȥġ
˭˵ħڵ˾ͲԲ뾺ˡ
Ȼ͸һɺ䣬ƺֵʱܵ¶ڽͣħӿ
ԭǽСŮӭ֮ɣӭ֮κһˣֻҪʸԴԲ뾺ħ˺ûӣҿԹƽ
¥Ȼϳˣ˶󾪺
ħڵĽ棬ð˽ٵɣȻҲ˺򡣡
¥ἰ֪˭ԭǾħڵĽ棬һħʮֿɲϰ˽ٵɵʵȻԾŽٵɣһս֮
ˣʲôɽ𺣣ʲôá
ղ˵丮ĺЩ䣬ƺȽųħڡ
ѵͲǺʿ
ϳݣҲ⣬Ȼǵ˵

ἰ֣ƺЦЦһ㡣
丮Ҳ˵ɱԽǿɱˣɱ˷Ż𣬼°ӣ丮һû̸㲻䡣
Ȼ䣬Ȼ͸һУħ֮Ա⣬ΪħһҲеߡ
Ҷ񣬶ħᣬ㲻ַħ岻Ҫַ㣬ħ壬ϾǵʳľѪһȻ
ħڲͬҲ࣬ͨûʲôֻʱյħ
һЩνʿħ嶼磬ǲ˵ҶᣬĿã丮˶캦֮£ɱ˶޹ˡ
ڳһĬ˭ûм˭ûɱ޹ˣǴֻܴԼ
Ҷһģܵġ
һվֹ˼ȥȥҲû˼
ֲһ飬ΪһȥħڵĽ棬һħ񣬴Сħأӵһµħ壬˻Ȫħڵڹڲʮ꣬ʹﵽ˰˽ٵɣ˵츳һЩţò
ЩϢҶ㻹Ǵӵ֪û뵽澹Ȼһδ
ղҶΪôҲǧ˰ˣһ֪ʵ䣬ᳬʮꡣ
ʮİ˽ٵɣͷǳɲˣں߽ٵɣ˵Ҳʮˡ
ñ丮Ĵӣʮᣬÿһʮ䣬ֻһֱղϰˡ
Ϊ֮Уһֻˣո𲽵ͣѰʵҪ£ʱ䣬ָһӼ䡣
ۺܿƽϢȥȻǽ֮û˼Ӽۡ
ǽˣûȥ˼֣϶֣ȥһǿħڵˡ
⣬лΪħ֮ˣһɾˣʸ
˭ȥһδˣֻҪָͷ˺
ⱾаӰʥ鱻֮ߣɹõһħ嶥
ڼƷ
¥ƣƷǰƿصɴƷˡ
ۡ
ֳ˷ȵĿ⣬ĶƷ۹ⶼֱˡ
˵ǣҶ㶼վɹ⣬ڷϵһɢ֮⣬õɽϴ񣬺ñྭ׽һ
¥ȷҪ
Ȼȱܶ治һһЩʥ֮У֣ǿԴԼ
ıӦǵȻһӵУԵʧֻɽŻڡ
ѵóǿ𣿡
¥Ȼǵܲ˹ЦȻó϶ģȻóʲô
¥Ͻ۰ɣ
󣬶һսûһߵľơ
ʮԪֳìһԪҪ󣬸ǿ̣Բ߽ٵɣѹǴ߶ˡ
ǹǶȻЩƷԱ⣬Լ۸ȽϰҾԴ԰ɣҲԡ
¥˵˳ǹ֣ǹַǳһ֮
Ҫʲô񣬲ܵõǹ
ʵϵԴ޷ǹϵһöԪʼ𵤱Ҷ񻻵Ҵԡ
˷׷¶еĿ⣬Ҫ֪𰸡
óԴģڳʮˣֻǲʸ
ʮöɾ
¥˵


1189 ʥ
¥˵Ҫڳ˵һ
¥ڿЦɣҲҲʮöɾȻУҲҪȵǳű֣ʱɽлõɾ
վɵȻ¥˵һɵ
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СӣҪ취״ʥ㵽֣лǧ֮һĴ
Ľ׶ܸ֪һҲǷ̾ϧǧѲȱȫ磬ǿճЩѾʧ룬ҲǷֳСñʥǷֳġ
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ΪԽԽЩֻǿ
ЩһܲһǧˣҶ㲻ٵɣѾֵѾ߸˲˵֪


1190 ֵĻ
ʥһ񳱣ȵĿ⣬ö¼Ĵʥ֮
ԼƣĴӣʥŮ˾ͽ¹Щţͻư˽ٵָտɴȫԼơ
ԴḻռϵǺѣʮֻᱬһǳűɽ򿪣˵һƺüҲ޿ܡ
ǧԴһܵõ޼۵ģ֮󣬶һǿĹš
ҵ˺ڣĵԽ࣬ɵļҲӣɽ編Խ࣬ɽ磬ʵȻҲǿ
תȻ֪ʥǿǴķ֧ҲҪ֮õ
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ȷʵһ򣬶ͷѪοһǧĵ֮ϡ
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ЦǺǵ˵ʥ󿪴ϣʺɳֻһŮӣΪҲҪ
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Ҷо꺣һʹӻ洫һ޺𣬲Ҷ꣬һǿ֣·ҪҶԪ
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1191 Իͼ
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ʲôڳ˶ˡ


1192 ɵ
ɵ
ڳˣΪ֮񣬲ǰ˽ٵɣ߽ٵɣ׷¶֮ɫ
ڳصĸ֣ﵽ˾ŽٵɣȻĻᣬһõԶһɻͻƵ˵Ĵڡ
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ʮ
˾ͽ¹ѵĺ˾ʮļ۸Ѿﵽ˼ޣ˾ͽֻóô
ʮ򣡡ǻ𲻶ϵ׷ӣɵļ۸Ѿࡣ
˾ͽ¹̱Ȼˣʮ򣬾ȫ룬ҲˣֻķɵԼȥ
˾ͽ¹ǻ¶һ˿ζЦݡ
һ򣡡
ڴΪǻΪӮҵʱһ֡
ĳһû˵أôż
һɫ߳ˣͺͷ£仹һѽߣ֪ðġ
ͷӣôҲˡ
ʶˣһ˲Ǻ֮ˣޱ¥ĸ֣ôҲܵˡ
ޱ¥֣Ҷһ𣬼ǵõʱ칬Լһ飬Ҫһޱ¥
ͷӣҲģᣬôܵǺˣҪƹ𣿡
ɣĴʮƽ⣬ԴԱȽȶǰ϶ϷһԴ
ᣬǲμӵģͻԴ䵽
Կˣ˲ˡ
ʲô򲻹ģϷ򲻶ֻ֪۸ߵãԣǴȥһƷ
ͷѹͲںûʲôб£һȥȥӶԴû£ʵʵı졣
ûбһߵˣ
¥΢΢һЦҲ⣬ֻǸ˭˿ġ
һ򣡡
丮ĺҲˣǰ˽ٵɣȻϣλᣬõɵпͻƾŽٵɣΪ丮̫ϳϣԺλ߸ϣƽƽ
һһʮ򣡡
һα۵ĲǺͷӣҲǺ˲ˡ
أҲҪһ𣿡
ɫЩÿǺ¼嶦һλϣλ൱ƹܺܶҵԴȻҲȱ١
۸ߵãѵҪһã
ЦЦʵ
ߣǺ¼䱡ǻ֧ż꣬ƹܵļ򣬶ҪڿˣΪǲ֪⵽ǿռݣǺ¼Ӧ벻ˣȻҲֵ˾ͽĵز
ڴһѺ¼壬֮Ժ¼һ˥䣬ԴѷҲкܴϵ򣬱ǿռ죬˺üθǰȥȥ޻ء
άּתֻʣ²ţάôӴļ壬Դ˾ͽʱһȻλá


1193 ֬
¼ɽѾʲôܣҶرм򣬱ռ죬һֱһһ
Ӵĺ¼嶼޲ߣʲôˣ׵Ķȡ¼
ûȥģҲһɲ䣬ܻ˥䣬һ˻ˣһȥ
Ǻ¼飬ҪóԴ˵Щϻиƨá
ҲŭˣǺ¼ĳ裬쵱棬ٴαҿ˿һ
öɵָöɵǺ¼Σİѣƫƫᣬһٶʮ򡣡
һ¼õɵ϶һŽٵɣʱʵͻǣҪǶرռļ򣬿϶˲ָ
ɫҲ˼𴩣ЩҲסˣǺ¼ȷҪöɵǰΣ
һٶ֮˺¼п棬Ҫʧȥɵ¼Ҫįˡ
֮ҲȤϷҲһţһʮ򡣡
ͷӾȻûзóһʮ
ͷӱۣûмӼۣƺأֻҪ¼岻ۣ丮Ҳ׷ӡ
ƥһʮˣӲӣ
ȷ̣ڳź¼屨ۡ
ϵʮֹ죬丮ʥӸ˾ͽ¹ں¼Ҳˣѵ丮ҪΪһ
ϷǷ񱨼ۣġ
ѹеŭ𣬸ղŲ鿴һ´ֻ֮ܺһʮڼ۸Ѿһʮֻܼһˡ
Ǿͷ㱨ۡ
һһʮƣɹŵЦ⣬Ц棬غܶаЦݣҶһֱעˣһĺ֮
丮һҪСĴˣ
һʮ򣡡
ػǼӼˣЩȻغʧˣ¼ִһλᡣ
һʮһ򣡡
һѹס˺أһļ۸ƣúغ޵ġ
һʮ򣡡
ͷӼӼˣҲǼһȵѹס˺Ҳöɵڱصá
ҽĿ⿴أϣ˼ޣѾڼӼˡ
ܼžһƬû˼ӼۣҲˣȻĺŲˮ¶һ˿ײЦݣ·óһ㡣
ʮʱ䣬û˼Ӽۣ¥˽ձͷһʮļ۸öɵ
ĽĿ֮Уͷóָӹɵ֮ûжֱ뿪ˡ
ںͷ뿪ãǼ뿪βȥˣɱ˶ᱦ
ǸѡԭأмûҺͷӼȻ϶ƣֹһˣ׷ȥҪɵǳ֮ѡ
ˣ߼Ʒ
ɵˣǴҵȴٳٲƽڸղŷľ۵С
߼ƷȻ̳̳Ķ֪ʲôװƵ̳ӡ
֬һǷ֬
Ҷо˱ͻȻһ£Ҫܳ϶Ǳ֬Ҫ֮ա
߼ƷȻɵֵһɹá
˭֪ڣħԽԽأûп֮߻ħ޿ɱ飬¶⣬ֶԻħĲǾǷ֬ͻ׽ٵʱҪз֬ػܣ϶ħ
ͻ׽ȺħʱڣпħһӼÿ춼ݡ
֬ܺܺõĻ⣬֮ʱȼ֬Ŀ°빦
ԭǷ֬
¶Ȼ֮ɫ֬ȷʵϡ٣ĴûУܸ
һ̳ÿһ̳һ֮
۸ȻǺܸߣϾɵ󲿷˶ôҪ
һһǧ
˿ʼۣһе˵͵ļ۸񣬻Ͻһ̳
һ
ҶҲȲıˣһһǧöֻǴմ֣򵽸ã򲻵ֻܼԺлˡ
Ҷ㱨ۣ¥ٴγһЦ
⹫ӶԷ֬ҲȤ𣿡¥
ȷЩô
ҶҲ֬ڰ˱̶ܲȣҪõ
ñȸղŵǹð׺ԿԿĿ϶ǰ׺ҶҪȫװԼʵһ
ҳʮ̳֬ȫˡ
˾ͽ¹ͷϣʮ֮ȫ֮£ûõɵҲˣҪ֬Ƕˡ
ҳʮ򣡡
˵Ԫ丮Ĵ֮һҲֶΪһˣԴĺɱ˲գۣ˲Ѿɱħ
򵽷֬ÿԻɱħϵ
ʮ򣡡
˾ͽ¹ŭˣÿοõĶ丮εĳֹֻʣƷˣ򲻵ܾ֬Ӽҡ
ʮ򣡡
Ԫˣһ˭ӣ֬Ī˭ûãԴá
ʮ򣡡
˾ͽ¹ƺɥʧǣǻеԵıۣҶѳΪ˿֣ͣҲղ롣
໥¥üһ
Ԫӣ˾ͽӣҿǶ̳֬Ȥɣһһ̳Σȥ˺
¥ȻֹȥΪȻϣ۸ԽԽãƫƫɣʮأʱѶͳȥȫһࡣ
ӿʼﻻ͵İԻͼڶֿȫ˵ƾɳ£ø档
֪λӿ
˶ڼӼۣ¥ѯʵ
ûԪûһ̳֬㹻ɱħˡ
Ҷ˾ͽ¹û֬Ƕˡ
¥ﶼˣҲû
˾ͽ¹Ȼ¥һ̳ܱ֬ʲôòĺá
ãȻһ̳֬ҾͰʮȡλûɣ
¥۸Ҳˣղſʮһ̳ƽﵽʮ֮࣬ʡ֮
ô˼ǾͶл¥ˡ
˶ʾ˸м֮飬ʮһ̳֬Ǻܱˡ
˽ʮ֮һõһ̳֬һ̳֬Ȼڷϡ
һ̳֬¥£͸⹫ӡ
¥һ֣һŮ߳ŷ֬Ҷ㡣
ԲۣҲУ
ֱӱ˴ֿڣҶɶҲûװ׵ĵõһ̳֬ò˼ʼӷŭ޲Ҫ˺Ҷ㣬ô¶ġ
ѵ¥ʶˣ⽫͸ǺȻⲻܰʼʱ¥ѯʹҶʲôʶ
ȵĵȻҶ㣬һԴ͵õһ̳֬ȫû뵽ģҶҲһʺţΪ¥˰Լ
л¥ֻ֮࣬һǧöһöѺ𣬵ܹ֮һϡ
Ҷ㻹óһö֮Ƿ̫顣


1194 ˾Ѫ
Ҷ㻨һ֮һ̳֬ò˿ʼۺˡ
ɣղ¥ֹ˾ͽ¹ԪΪ̧߼Ǯǹϣѹͼ۸ôʮֲ⡣
ˣ¥֮ľۣʵϣһ̳֬͸Ҷ㣬ŻȻ
һỹϵġ
¥ûоܾ˼ҶҲǻʮ򣬲ȴ˰
ܵ¥ѹ͵ûҲûпֱڰ˼Ʒƿصɴ
ͻȻһ嫵ϢһЩͼߣѹƵĴ
ǡ
һͷӰƯϣ
ˣȻǷˣ
˷ǷӰѵڷŵǷ˾Ѫ
ûһη˾ѪҶϹһξѪԻˣ𣬼ֵ˵˰ɡ
¥ʼܣȷһη˾ѪҲ֪õѾ뼸ǧûгֹˡ
ڷ磬ѾǴ˵궼ֹˡ
ϵ丮ʥŮ΢΢һȻˣʺŮ
Ҳ𣬿Բ淨һĳֻ淨ţԺ󹥻Գ𣬿ԷһС
ܻȵ¥Ҳʱ䣬ܿ챨ۣ۶ʮ֮
ʮ򣡡
˾ͽ¹ھʮ˾ѪҲˣǻԣ׽֮
ʮ򣡡
ɳ΢΢һʮŮˣӿط˾Ѫ
ʮ򣡡
һŮӣҲ丮ʥŮ֮һİΣɴ棬īɫȹֻ¶һԴ۾棬ɳȻܶ࣬丮Ҳ˶ĺ֮
ʦҲҪʦ𣿡
ɳЩƣ˾ѪʮҪȻϣʧȥ
ʦˣʦҪʦֻ˾ѪʦҲм棬Բ
￴ʲôʥŮʵҲôŶаǣѸߵ뵽һҲ⡣
λʦ㶼ˣʦҲμӣҳʮ򡣡
һʥŮҲˣò˹ͷˡ
ܺãʦöμˣʦҲ˵ʲôˡ
ʥŮ׷ײ뾺ɳ˵ʲôʵҶ˭ܻ÷˾Ѫˣǰ棬˭Ը
ʮ򣡡
ɳʮһη˾Ѫݱ丮֮
һ򣡡
ν׷ᣬҧסɳҲһڱصõӡ
λʦʦҲմ֣ڼʮ򡣡
һη˾Ѫһһʮǰû뵽ġ
˾ͽ¹йƤֱȥˣΪǶǷӡ
һһʮֱᵤֳҡҡͷҲֻЩ֮ӲʸֻΪ͡
ɳɫ࣬Լʦã۲£ȥ¹˭ʱ㲻һܾˡ
λʦã˾ѪֻһΣ˭ҲϷΣ˾Ѫֳݣһһݣ˺
վ˳һ⣬丮ӣϣŪ̫
У˾Ѫһ𿪣þͻήһ룬á
ɳֿܾ֮ľͱֽķѣֻһַ˵һΡ
λҲüһϣ֮һ
ƴȥ϶ܾˡ
ȻȰ裬ϣǺΪ֮ñ˱ˡ
ҳһٶʮ򣡡
ɳʮѾ˼ˣһη˾ѪѾһöɵᲢۡ
һٶʮһ򣡡
ȻҲ˼ޣԴ޼ȥ϶ܾˡ
һٶʮ򡣡ҲϷһ˱ۣûвԡ
ȱ˵˾ѪʲʺԼʺϣôԴһѾòˡ
Ĵȥ𡣡
ɳɫԽԽ䣬еɱ֡
ʦ㣬ҿø㣬˾Ѫܡ
һ˵ṰãغԼʵҲغԺĵλһõ˾Ѫ˿϶˲䳬Խˣ׽ã˿ҲܻͷѪ
ܺãҵҪϻжԴ
ɳͻȻƽɳӿ¡
һʮ򣡡
ɳ˰ðθͬʱһ㶣ɳϵԴ಻ᳬһٶʮôᡭ
ʦ֣ɳʦòðɣȻɳʦãҾͰʦá
泯ƿ˹ȥ¶ζЦݣԭڰаɳ
ʦãԴϻУĵľɣ
泯˵˭Ҳ벻ݱ䵽ֵز
ƿɳ׷˼Դһѣ濴˰ΣȻϣԼϲŮʧܡ
е˼Ҿ֧ʦá
ǻ¶аЦλʦ໥֧֣֧ޡ
лǻʦ֡
վӣĳǻʩһ
ɺͳǶ丮ĵӣôڧˡ
ˣһӣĴ໥֧˾ⲻǸ˿Ц
˵ˣֻ֧Լϲˣʲôڧ˽ǻǺֵܡ
Ц˵˷׷׵ͷ
лʦֵĺ⣬ҷ
ξȻܾİ˾ǳֻʣɳˡ
¶Ц֮ɫԼһԸˣ׷һʱ䣬һֱǳԱŸԭҪһΣǲ顣
ʦãȰҲɣʦط㡣
ɳգϣҲȫԶ˾Ѫ
֪ʦôң
޻Щʦ㣬Ҫȥ¹˭Ļ˵òǵɳ
Ϸö͸㡣
ɳóһöīɫӣȻ꣬۸һˣҲֵʮ֮ߡ
ãʦùϲʦ÷˾Ѫ
޴Ӧ˾Ѫѻøɳ
ԭΪܿһڶ˭֪ȳһ䣬ƽϢһʮļ۸񣬱ɳη˾Ѫ
һƷ˶ס˺Ҫ֪һʲô϶Ҳһ
֮¥һƷǰƿɴһӵĶϽˣʮֲơ
˶¶ɻ֮ɫѹϷôһϽͨͨǹȣ̫Զˡ
ֻм۾ˣĶסϽҶҲ⡣
һصƬ滹¼ĵ򣬴ԶõħսܶöƬ֮һ
¥ϽȻǴԶõǶôңԶ顣
Ȼ¥˵𰸣ֳˣǿʹõıҪҪ߼


1195 β
Ƭ˵ЩˣҶ㶼ĶˣܵõһöƬɱ¾֮пܴﵽز
˶ǿڣ϶ҶóѣȻ¥͸ԼҶҲ޸ܡ
Ԫʼ𵤻ǰԻͼȻǱǲǿ죬ЩǶҪҪǲɽĶ
ûħ֬ܰľҶϼһЩСд⡣
ͬɽŴڣﵽ˾ŽٵɣʼɽһЩƬõѡ
ΪƬ¼ܶɽ編򣬲ڴ֮ȡǲȱɽ編᲻
Ҷӵ͵֮ţԵȡɽ編ļûУҶһ
ƬһҶĸܵм޵Ϣˣһ׵ĺ嫴󺣣Ҷ֮۲鿴оڼ鿴ȥ
²ûȻоŽٵɽˣΪ˾ƵĵƬ
磬һԴ㲻ǣʲôɵǶҪֻҪһؾ磬ܳΪˣɽ硣
ʮ֮ÿμӼ۲õʮ򡣡
¥ûжķϻһҲѹϷ׻˭ҡ
۾ʮԭвһЩֱӱˣʮۣҲü丮Ĵӣһ𻹲࣬ƾһˣ޷򵽡
һ򣡡
ˣǾħڵĽ棬δ뿪ѵҲҪ뾺Ƭ
Ҳ֮Ȼһ棬ʮʹﵽ˰˽ٵɣ꣬ܲ򵽾ŽٵɵĵزȡƬԺ֮ãȡɽ֮š
Ҷʮֺ棬浽ǺڳвپŽٵɣܻ뿪
һٶʮ򣡡
ϵһ۵ĵؽźڶۣѭȥϧͷңòŽٵɣǺպ֪ʵݡ
ȻĿʾˣɤ϶Ҳıˣû˲²˭
һʮ򣡡
һ࣬Ҳ˱ˣθղһʮƣ£סòע⣬Ⱥ֮У˸ע
ôʱ䣬Щ˶Ĺۿȴһһ֡
һʮ򣡡
ΪħڵһţϵԴͣȻȱ٣ʵǿЩ궼֪Ӷ˶٣ڻ¡
򣡡
ͷҵӱˣһμʮ֮ǿһ֣ȫûκθо
һʮ򣡡
µӼʮ򣬲ûż̧ۡ
üͷһ壬˾лᣬ˾۸϶̧ߺü
ʮ򣡡
ԥһ£滹Ǽ˶ʮ򣬲һ̣˭Ҳ֪Ƭ˭С
򣡡
ڴΪӼӼ۵ʱһŮˣϵ򣬶еһɴ棬ò
ֳ˸߳Ͼ򵽶Ǽܿ˶ĴȥҲһܡ
֮൱һӴһĿ֧ˣࡣ
Ҳ˵Щ֮ȫһС壬ڼʮ֮ڣȱԴȶչ
˲侲ֹˣֶԭأ˵ĺʼ·ַĸо
һʮ򣡡
Ĭʱ䣬ҵӼʮ򣬿Ҳ˼ޣȻῼôõʱ䡣
ٶʮ򣡡
ӽ󣬲ʷҲǼʮ
һ棬Ĭˣļ۸񣬲˶ܳܵпҵ
ʮ򣡡
Ůӱˣ۸һδˢǰļ¼Լٶòľˣٶ֮൱һɽˡ
ӳĬˣʱ䣬ûпڣ
ʮ򡣡
˼Ӽۣһμʮ򣬿˺ڣƴ̬мıŮϣ̧߼Ǯ߶֣˲
ʮöɾ
Ůӱһ֣ʮĻϣڼöɾ۸˷ˣöɾ̫ɲˣŮ˭ղһֱûע⡣
ߵļ˶δע⣬һ
˳ĬˣҲѡٶѾǼޣ솴ǲԣóѾˡ
գĬʮʱ䣬¥˵Ůӵõ
һҵˣǴȻδ˳ٳٲԸȥܼ˶ıôĴһҫ
Ҷ뿪ˣỹδ׽Ѿ뿪˵أ˭õ˵ҶѹͲģڵ֪˭ôȥ
ڴϣҶרųϡٵĵطǰܿ뿪ɣǣȥ
Ųʱ̱һµĲһǱ߱ͣƺڵȴʲô
ʦ֣ǿ׷ȥСܲԶ
Ҷ뿪ã˳ɣǣ׷ȥ˶丮ķΡ
丮ĵ̣丮ĵҲϡ档
ҶԽԽԶҲԽԽƫƧܿƫɽһ·ϣҶǲһЩϢ
ǿ׷СˣһҪϵԪʼ𵤡
˼ӿٶȣ˳ҶµϢʮ֮ڿҶıӰ
Ǿиֳ˵Ļ䣬ǳΣա
ҵһɾĵطҶͻȻͣס壬¶аЦҺԼûܶ˵Ĺע뿪磬ֻм˸Լ
ʦ֣ǸСǱߣ
Ҷ֮⣬Ӱٿ׾룬о·Ҳʮʱ䣬˽ҶΧס
˽ԼΧҶ¶֮ɫ忪ʼ
ǡ˭ΪҪһֱҡ
ҶվӣʮֽţɫҰס
˿֮󣬷׷׹ЦҶһܰӣЦ޼ɵ
Сӣ˲˵Ԫʼ𵤣аԻͼԼ֬ǿһ
Ц֮պµɫʱһɱҶڸǶ
ǡҪɱԽ
ҶŵһǵЦŨˣһ˸ԼķǳƣʦĽٵ֮⣬˶ٵɣҶҲͬ
ǰɣǻῼǷŹһ·Ȼݹĺ
ʦɫ¶ζЦݣʹһ˽ĳҶ㿿˹ȥ
ҽҽǲҪɱҡ
ҶһˣǾ֮ɫȴڵתɱǹȻ򵥣ҶҪϢ
ҶȫŴˣ˵ľһɣɳ

һֳҶȡó
˿һ̣ҶͻȻˣ磬˫ֱס˵Ĳӣʶ˲ˣԪ˵ĵֱӷסˡ
һз̫죬Ҷס֮ʧԭأʦ֡


1196 ɹٿ
һз̫죬ʯ֮䣬Ҷ˻ĺʦ֡
ΪҶǰʾ˶˾裬ʦûеԪվһԣȵҶ˹ʱڷӦѾˡ
ꡣ
ҶֱסĲӣûɱá
㡭㡭
ʦŵ˵ֱסģͷҪϵˡ
ղ˵ʲôҪϵı
Ҷ¶аЦղսսӣˣ׽Իһʱ䣬ͽƷ
ǡǣֻ·ҶԹӲ
ʦǸͲͷˣһоͱҶסԷԭһֱڰԻǵ˴ð֡
͵ʴףǳΪҶʱôҲ벻ģҶ㿴ٵɣΪαٵɶҪ¡
·
Ǵɣһֱѵ·
Ҷ㽫ʦֿ֮󣬽˶һһڵϡ
ˣҶ¶аЦӣϲϴƺʲô
һ˶ţ˺ܲڣд֮ɫԭΪҶϵıԻȥ˷䣬һһ
ڵã˱Ҷܻ׽ҶֻҶŹһ
磬Źǰɣ֪ˣԺҲˡ
˾Ͳؿͷˣ˭ԸǰԵöô
֪ˣ
ҶǴһˡ
֪ˣ˲С˹Ź˰ɡ
Ҷʮͣ¶һ˿ϲɫϷҶ㲻ɱˡ
Źǿԣǡ
ҶͻȻһ䣬ֱ˻꺣֮Уֱӽ˶Ȼ
ɱǹȻ򵥣Ҷ㲻ҪôܶණҪǡ
Ҷ൱ӣҶԪֱռ壬еļȫգ󶪽ħ֮
ֱվʮֹĳҶʩһ
μˣ
Ȼ֮˱ʮϡ
Ժû˵֮²ſԽˣƽʱ򣬻ά˵Ĺϵ
ҶĿʮʱм䣬Ż˵
ǣˣ
ȻǹĻش
ȥӼ֮УҶõ丮Ϣʵǿĺʦ꣬һ˽ǿȥǽҲҶڵݡ
Ӽ䵱У֪˶ŵӣֻдﵽٵɣܳΪĵӣ߽ٵɣΪʥӡ
丮ʥӲһˣĴʥӵĴʵǿ󣬼ϸ񣬴Ĵӵš
Ҷ㻹յһϢʥ֮Уô򵥣˲ϲͷǲϲʲôţʵǿɲԣ˴ﵽ˰˽ٵɣ֪Ǽ١
ҶĿǵȡɽ丮֪ЩϢ֮Ҷüͷ壬ԼļƻҪӿˡ
а丮ܵ¥֮ϣвز˵ǿĳػҪȡɽҪʵӵʥӵݣʸ񿿽¥
һʱ䣬ҶҪ߽ٵɣǳ˵ΣǰҶҲ˼ɲôˣһпܣʵ
ϱУҶҪ׻丮һƻڰ𣬵ʵʩ򵥡
ʼƤߣܿҶһż侫ɵƷߣ֮󣬸һģһ׽˶޷֡
ΪҶм䣬·̬˵飬ȫһģӿ̳һ
һкǿڻҶţ丮ᱻ˲
ֳɨɾԺһ뿪ˣԺʦΪҶ㾲ĸ󣬶ʦɻָŰģ
صɣǣѽǴϺܶǹĻ⣬رĵױ˭򵽣صŮ˭
·һһЩҶȥעһ丮ȥȻ丮ڼ¡
丮ڱɽﶼ丮ռݣĽУһ磬һС͹ҡ
ɼ뷱ΧʮּªǼª֮Уȴһ˿Уϸۿʲôŵ
ҶܿͿǰ󷨽죬丮Ȼһ󷨣Ҳһתһ𳬼
Щһ꣬ʮ̷꣬ǳǿ󣬾˪ϴ͸ٹ̡
Ҫ߽һȻҶҲûףǧ˵ҶһŻȼգ޲ھ丮
Ȼڼ䵱УѾ֪丮ŵģ֮Ҷһ¶֮ɫ
뵽ڲְƣѹȵҶ㶼Ǻĵ򣬸ߣһһĽɫӣ컯Һγɣÿӵö컯
Щ컯ά丮ӵ컯ɳһͷ·쵽޾֮Уϵ컯֮䵽ӵС
Ҷ¶аЦлȻӣǵĲ·
ĵҶڻȥﶼٵɣٵɣһͻҶȫˡ
Ҫģʵȡմﵽĵӳ̶ȣܽӴĶҲ̸¥ľ롣
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˸̤ŵ򣬾ʹһȣ˳˳ס˺ȥ·
衭ʦ֣ǼͷĺܽѾʮŬˣȴչԴͻ㡣
ļˣʱ
Ѿ߹ˣֻҪ飬ǷҵԴһʹ
ǰ裬ҶԺҲϢ֪֮кζԹ
꼸ˣʦһЩԴ⼸ͷʮֲԣȻҲҶ㣬ЩԴϣʦ־úһæЩԴͿԲˡ
ʦ֣Ĳǲ㣬Ҳ֪Ҫðʦ֪ǵɱǼɡ
ε˵
˵Ҷ㽫ϸϸһô¡
ԭʦֿһŮӣаأû㲻ڶԷʵԼʦûа취ϣͨ꣬ҩԵڴ췹Ҫɱˡ
꼸ȻˣȴСȥǰأϣϽԴʦ֣˭֪ջͱǶסˡ
˵ˣŲھɱ㣬趫ʱô˵С
ʦһץס˺Ĳӣ겻ҷ
Ҷ֪꼸ŵӵУǵ׵ĴڣʦѾӽٵɣֻҪͻƣǺĵӡ
һɫĽٵɣԺ뷴ҲҪһԼʵ
ʦֵ֣ܼҪӳ飬ٸǼʱ䣬һὫʦķ䡣
Ҷ˳ʮСĵ˵
˻
ʦֽҶ˹
סղ˵Ļʱ䣬͵ϴɾӵոɡ
丮֮ʮֲпᣬ֮侭ɱ顣
ǣʱ㹻ˡ
ҶСĻش


1197 ɺ
Сӣϣ˵㻰֮ҵǣҪǴ֪
ʦҶļ򣬴֮Уܿɱ
丮֮˿ϡ棬ɱֻҪڵһʱţԭ֮Ŷ׷顣
ʦַģһʦķ䡣
˵꣬Ҷ㻹¶һ˿㶮õı飬˼ʦֿԻȥ׼ˣ֮󣬾͵Ŷҹɡ
СӣúøɣҲ㡣
ʦֹЦ뿪ˣҶһеŭ
ߺ󣬺껹ǿ׷߹ϳ֮ɫ
ˣа취ʱ䣬ʦ𣿡
Щȷ֪ʦֵֶΡ
ģа취
ҶһЦ˻صŵ򣬸Իص˷䡣
һʱһݺĵϸͼ˲ȥĵطǺĵӷǳǿĴڡ
丮Ϊĸ򣬷ֱǶϸĸۡ໥֮ҲҶ㴦ĸ֮Уס
ڶ죬Ҷݲʰһ£뿪򣬳ɽȥպϢÿʱ򣬰ضںɽ
һ·ϣҶҲܿĵӣ˵ЦҶ㣬ͱˣϾٵɣ丮͵ȵĴڡ
Ǹ˭ɽȥʮö鵤
Ҷ㱻ס˽ŲֱӴȥɽ鵤
ԲλһҪȥ˰ɡ
ҶֱӾܾˣתɽȥ
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סҶĸˣһ׺ɷҶʶˣǶˣһֱϵ
ܶҲãҲգҶĿǻ丮¶׺֮ɫҶ۽˸˿˿ɱ
лλӣǱˣù·ÿ
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㾹Ȼǹ
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ϳҶݣҶʵݣ丮Ҳû
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ǹǰʲô
ҶǰһǿɢҶȻѹԼй¶ݡ
ܺãȻ˫ͳȫ㡣
ͻȻһ䣬ɢɱ⣬ɱҶ㣬ֻҪ涫Ȼǲƨɡ
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Ҫʲô
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦĿľ丮һãҪһ֮ڣΪʥӣʸӴ¥ȡа
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СйŹ֣һϣ
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ģ
ȭȭӣ˱˴˵ɳȥ
ۣ
˶þȫ֪ôǿԭΪҷҶȥ·ƫƫҶŵֱӵز˭Ҳ벻ġ
ղһڵϰˣ׷ʹĴ
ȼʦ֣ҪΪǱ𡣡
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죡
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ϧܵĳŪԽԽΧ۵ҲԽԽ࣬ŵŵˣһ֮ɫ
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ȼһԼҶһɫһˣ佣佣Ҷùˡ
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ȼҶƵɽ±ԵȥҶͻɽ¡
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һѪȼҶĳͱԼ棬һֱӽƿԪǳˮһй
⡭
˶ˣĿҶ㳤ȼ棬ֲĳ嶯
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ղǿǿУȼһŲȿգŵµʯͷһ£ǰȥòҶĳϡ
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طĽٵɵȫԻָһԪй¶Ժһˡ
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Ҷһ֮ɫϽԶȥԸڶ丮ôڳԼȫǱѹû֡
ˣò˶ãҲһˣҶĿģǸ丮


1198 ı
ҶһʧҲŷӦϻĸˣѾȥȥˡ
鼸ÿ춼ݣźܿ촦һɶô֤϶ȼǼ¡
ڹ̣ûȥעˣΪÿ̫ˣ
뿪֮Ҷ㳯ɽȥɽ˿ʼ٣һ·ҲˣҶ㰵кṩϸͼܿںõصء
ȡ
Ҷ㶨סӣľʶһɢȥܿ췢Զ
һҶʧԭأղˣȫһ֡
˳ԴҶ㿴ɽ´µŮ
һ֮ٵɣʩչǾ춯ء
Ů磬ݽףһջУҶ㿴Ůǰء
ѹ骿˰أҲмɫĲԴ˵֡
ҶȻشҶ丮˶ŮҪ
ȣ
һȣҶо̹ǵĽ⳯ԼϮؾȻԼҶ㲻Ųæһܣܿ˰Ľ
˭Ϊڴ͵
սֶԷҲ丮ĵӣûм֡
μʦ㣡
ҶʮֿľһΪһλҪأ骣ҶҪ޷졣
Ȼ丮ҶͲκһɱ丮ӵĻᣬһξʹðأɱϡ
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Ҷ㻹ʮֹϾԷٵɣȻҶ㲻£һŪҶܲｫɱˡ
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ʦ㣬֪ϣҶ̽Եʵ
ʶġ
֣˸ɱ⣬ʮˣȴһֱûа취ɱεľñɵֶΣϴξͲ˵
ʦȷʦġҶûзϡ
Ȼ骵߹Ǿͳһ뿪
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骽ģʲô£ȥٸҾңһ֮ء
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سȻָҶ㡣
֪ʦһֱҪȾָʦ㣬԰ʦ֮òַӿȾָģʦ˵Ŀɶԣ
ҶЦе˵ԼȻ沿ĲҶƤֺˡ
ҶԼ֮òϵı㻺ˣŮ˰˽֮Ҳ⣬ĸŮ˲ϲ˼ҿƯ
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ԱĽ棬ҶҲûܣɽԼĲϡ
ûȷʦָҵģ֮ڣʦķ䡣
Ҷֱ˵骵ļƻƿװҶ㵱Ȼ֪ʲôԻɢٵմһЩǳ
մ֮󣬻׸ʶǳѣֱܡ
Ϊóҿ
ز⣬Ҷ˵ӦðнԻɢŵԼϣͻʧȥҶڲڣҶԻɢóˣ԰زס
һʦ㣬ǲҪɱ骣
ҶͻȻһ䣬֮У˸һ˿ɱ⡣
̽ң
˫۽ĶҶ㣬ΪҶ̽ɱͬڵӣȻ׷飬骲һһϸףɱǳ鷳
ʦ㣬бҪ̽𣿼ȻҽԻɢϣһҲԽб˹ҺʦңΪҲ뿴ʦ뻢ڣðղŽʦ㡣
Ҷ˵꣬ԼţԼ˵ôĻ
ˣѵͲ骻ȥˡ
ʮָжΪҶ˵ĲȻһҲұֱǷʤ
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Ҷ̯̯֣·˵һ
һɣΪʲô㣬ҲֻĻԣȦףÿƣϵ
رϾСܱҶţҪ֪ҶΪʲôҪô
ܼ򵥣骶в֮𡣡
Ҷ˵֮꣬Уɢɱ⣬ģãǱ̣Լ̣Ů̫˰ɣҶ㣬˿ûоκ
Ҷɲɱ⣬ˣҶ˵ĲǼٻ
ɱ¶κţºѡ
Ҳϣ骸ϽĵֶΣұ֤ÿһζȫˣһ˵ˡ
һƣҪʦϣ֤ˣκ˶κβ㡣
Ҷɱ⣬Ƿһ˿ЦݣЦݣؾȻ˼Ƥ񣬸оЦ棬̫档
˵صȲˣϣɱ骣ԺҲõ˰ݺԼˡ
ʦ㣬ǿԡ

ʱ֣ҶصԼס骵鴦ˣҶҪĵȻһǿİԻͼк֮
ڶư˱ϣ˱ԼĽٵɣҲԱ֮
صԼķ䣬Ҷ򵥵Ĳһ󷨣ˣҶ֡
Ϊ򣬵Ȼ̫춯أҪѭ򽥽һϿɡ
ͻȻ϶˵ע⣬Ҷɲջ丮Ҫȥ·
аûõҶ뿪ǧ˵ĳ𲻱ҶһҲİ
Իͼóҵǽϣǰģģʲô
Ҷֻ֪ۣ֮ܿľ
üĻҶ㿴һƬ磬˷·Ƭ統УĻ֮磬ưܵĴأɣ޾ٵĵرҶϹ硣


1199 ֮
Ҷ·վƬãĴϣһͷĻɫأһֺ⾳ɢ
˫ŲڵϴЩ֮磬ҶƤһɱȻܲסֻ֮Ĵ
ҶһǰߣɽĻ֮һɶƺֻ֮棬κζ޷ֵ
ϰף
Ҷ㽫Ľ׾˳Ļȫʵ϶ǻþ˫Ųڵ£ǵֻ֮磬ҶоʮϤȴ˵
Ľ˳վҶļϣܣС°ͣƺڳ˼
ʲô𣿡
ۼʶҶ϶ĽףϾ֮ĶϣǰĳҲܼ
Сӣ֮ۿ
Ľ׳һ£ȻҶΪ֮۽Իͼۣ֮ǲǻܿһĶ
Ҷ˵ͷۣ֮ͻȻһɫλˣҶ㿴һ׳ľɽ֮ϣ˺ɫ
棬֮磬Ǻɫ·һƬɫĺⲻǻɫǻ֮ɫ
ȻһޱȾ޴ĻĹžˣһƬƬ֮磬۳һ޴ɽ
ǡʮ֮һ񣿡
Ҷ㳹ԭأܶĻʮʮ˽⣬Ƿ֮ףƹܷˮ
ѵǳ֮ȣԻ⣿
Ҷ²⵽ӦǷ֮֮أӡС
֮ԽԽ࣬ƺǱҶۣ֮֮κ壬Ҫĺ֮Ҳһ
˭ң
Ļ֮һ𣬻۳һ޴ķ֮ףȫһ̬ϸȥ˵ģذڶ
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⣿
ԥˣƺ̫꣬ʷֻ֮ۻһ˿
Ƿ֮֮ǰƶɣԼطӡڻУֻ֮ܽ򿪡
Ҷ֮ȫΪһ壬Ȼδﵽĸ߶ȣ棬Ѿӵһ˿Ѫ
˭ΪѪ
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Ҷ㣬˻ۣ֮Ž뻭С
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˽õĴУĻԶʱڵٴγֳ
ȷ֮۴ڸңϧδܽ󡣡
Ҷ˵һ䣬겻֮۸ںϣһҶнյĵλƬҶȻǵ׵Ĵڡ
ѹ֣ѹ֣Ȼ˭ܽ볯֮ȣԻ⡣
Ƭطֶ
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Ҷ̫ǣԶʱڣҪã֪ǶôǿżԪı仯ʮһ䣬ʧҲ㡣
̫ԶҼģӦڵһˣԲŽԼطӡڻС
ʱֻ꣬ʣһƲͼǲסôˡ
ǰ׵귢ʲô飬ʮһ䡣
ҶҪ֪Զʱڣ׷ʲô飬絮֮ǰԴڣħս֮
ʱ֮˵ʱһ壬ħս֮󣬲ݱڵĸ֡
˥
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Ҷ㲻Ҫ˽Ķ̫ˣӴԽ࣬оԼС
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֮ûиҶ㣬ֻ͸¶һϢû˿赲˥ҲС
˵ԳǴӷ֮˵һǶôǿĳ
˵ɱҶҲţ֮׵˼˥ǰȻ֣һƬ統С
൱ĿˣҶԥˣΪʲô̤磬һҲ䣬νͲڡ
ҵҪɢˣȻĴˣԺԽ֮⳯İ壬֮õĵطĻ֮磬֮۸ľѡ
վҪɢʮ̫꣬䶼ûܼסˡ
ǰһкܶ⡭
Ҷû뵽Լһ⣬֮׾Ҫȥˡ
Լȥ̽ɣȻµҾͰһѡ
֮籩ˣҶ峹װס罫ҶһС
µĻ֮ҶشƺиҶ塣

Ҷ㷢ĲҽУ֮羹Ȼڸ壬Щ֮紵֮󣬱øӼ͡
Ҷ㻹һ⣬ǳŨϾһ磬
֮⳯ܣڵ޷룬Ժ̽ɡ
֮׵Ҷ֮⳯ȹޱߣޱ޼ʣֻǱԵش֮粻Ǻǿ
һֿµĻ֮磬һ
ǰԺһܼ𣿡
ҶЩ᲻ãΪ֮۵ĹϵҶһʮ׽ĸо
벻ҪҪ㽫ߵһϣԤǶԵġ
֮˵꣬Ҳû˵ܵĻ֮ҲʧҶһϡ
¡
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СӣúϧϣѰʮһ񣬵õǵĴУһ񣬲ſͳ졣
֮׵ԽԽСʧ
Ҷȫȫӭ׵磬֪֮ʧȴ޿κΣҶ۽ǵ䡣
֮ףİɣһҵʮһʮžһ𡣡
ҶĶǷܣõĴУȻҪĳŵ壬½µ򣬴µʮ
׽ԽԽǿҶóԪʼ𵤣һ̷׵ӿ£ǳˮһк£Ҷϡ
գ
ҶҪ׵֮ҲҪ֮磬ܷ֮׵ĴС
׷֮ʲôҶʱһжҪԼȥ
׵类Ҷյ֮УΪԪʼ𵤣Ҷ˿Щ׵ΣԼ
Ȼ׵вҶ㣬Ǿ׵紸ȡٵɵĵزȻٵɣҶҲһս֮


1200 Ľٵ
׵ԽԽܼҶѾ˳ͻƵĽٵɣʵһͿ֮ĸ죬ҶѾӵһ˿֮
磬ʲô
Ҷ˼ˣȻһ˿֮⣬ǸĻ֮ȣǼֱһϣһ¡
Ҷķֻ֮ٶˣϣҶҪǷ֮ķ֮ʼ档
磬̬ôγɵġ
ʱһȥڳ֮Ѿȥһʱ䣬治һʱҶҲǲ֪ԻͼȻԼʱ䷨
׵ϴ񣬾糹ȹ֮ƺõ䣬˫ۣһɫĹâͶҶ㿴
ɽ£ǳҶﻺת
ͫӰ
֮۽һ̣Ҷƺһ˿İ塣
磬̬Ǵڵģȴֲڡ
֮Դڣܸܵõ紵һʱӴ΢ˬ
֮Բڣ㿴ҲǴƬصһ̬Ƿ硣
˿Ҷ㿴֮ǰöУЩǻ֮磬֮󣬱Ҷ㳹ײݱӰ
и
ҶһͺȣӰɢʼиռһѷ죬Ȼôѿģεķֱп
ǿ
Ҷ㰵ľͻĽٵɣ˻֮磬ͫӰͫȱҶţٵɣԱ
Ӧ˼֮Ҷ㷢֮ҪǰʩչʱҲ䳤
Ӧͻ֮ľ磬ĽٵɣѾ˺ܶԵͿշС
ҽ֮Ҷĸֵʩչǿʱ⣬ٵɣҲʩչҶǿķ
дӡ
һֲֻĴӡˣֱڻߵĵϣʱ䣬ķѣ޾ĳ֡
нָ
һ䣬һˣһɫָƯ֮ϣǽɫҶ޾ĸ֮ݱöɫָ
֮
֮⣡

Ҷʩչֵ⣬ƺͫӰϾһǵ⣬һǷ֮仹Щͬ
Ҷҵ򣬽֮Ҳ֮ڽһ֮⣬ҶһֱûнӴ׵磬ǽɽٵʱ򣬲׵֮
˵ˣҶ㲻ײɹԼ棬ȫһ
ʩչĸһ۾ֱܷ
˱֣
Ҷ˰˱Ư֮ϡ
ԻͼҿԷĵ丮϶˵ע⣬ط̫ʺˡ
丮ҶҪС¶ţ̫ף϶ĳЩ˵ע⡣
ԻͼҶ㲻ǶɽٻԽԻͼУ˾޷֡
СӣƾЩ֬޷ĳ̶ȣи㡣
Ľһֱ棬Ű˱Сӵת
˵ɣʲô飿
ҶҲͷۣ˱̫ǿڵ֪£һ۵Դǳɲ
׺ֻƷƷͻ³ˣŪûҪײ飬һ׵ʩչ
һ֪ӵ϶˵׷ɱ
׺ܽ⣬䵽˱УԺڻȡֽ֮ڰ˱̶ȣʱ£κζ֡
Ľ飬׺ãЩߣ˱ʥĳɾͲ
ҶԥˣĽ˵ûȻһȥư˱Ҳ̫ݳˡ
½ǾĴڣӵһԿһҵ
СӣҪԥˣھӵа׺Ҳʹã罫ɾͰ˱Ʋܼá
ĽѵϣҶеĹؼڡ
ĽҲҶ飬һ֪ܲܽ˱ĳ̶ȣܣǰװ׵˷һ
Ϊ˳Զ㣬Ľ˵û˱ǱޱȾ޴ҪȰ׺ǿٱѡ˰˱һΪǾ춯ء
ãƴˣ㲻ܽ˱ҲҪָеķ򡣡
Ҷһҧһԣ֮󣬰˱Ѿ죬ٵǷʥ
зҲص棬зķҲʮǢĺһ
ҶĽҲʮֿģҶ㽫ĿŵʮֳԶǵһ
Ҷѡ½˵һĽҪص۷״̬ˡ
ԸղҶ׺Ҳһ˿Լ˽ģϣҶ㲻ϵȥߵ磬ΪһĶص
׺֣С׻ааŮ˳ڰ׺ôãǳ
аŮľ綼ﵽ˵ɾСҲѴ󲿷ּ䣬ԭǺҲһޡ
ڴﵽ˵ɾǿɲСѾ죬˿ռ򿪿ռ֮ţܽ˴֮֮⡣
Ҷ㽫뷨аŮ˵һ飬û뵽ǶͬĽ׵Ϊ˳Զ㣬˱ǹؼ
ҵȻôͳһҶûκԥ׺ӡ׼ֽ⡣
֮Уǿɽ編ÿһޱȴ׳Ҷһǳ
ٵɣҶ㻹ĺѽЩɽ編ڴﵽĽٵɣʵٵɣѾ׵ʩչˡ
ŸԪ罭ӺҶûûҹڵȡɽķʱ޿̲Լ
аŮĻڵϣȻҲڲ֮⡣
ϧ滷̫̣ȻԽ˴
֮⣬ҲûҶ˵Ǳأ˵һƬƶ֮أѷ
һӴɽ編򱻰Ҷǧӡ׵ıӳһ׳ƣ뵽˱С

ܵƵĴ̼Ƶ·һ㣬һ
ڲƬնֹһƬš
ȱƵ֧֣׺ʼɢҶ㽫ֱӴ˱УЩľҲתƽ
Ȼ˱δΪԳɿռ䣬׺Ķתƽǳʡ
׳뵽֮ЩѺԼٶ޸һ˿˿ҲӸɢ
˫ֽӡ׺ķ˳һɫĹĻ˱Щɫƣڼ޸Ķѡ
ʱһȥѾȥһʱ䣬ҶѾȥʮ֮ˡ
Ҫü֮ãҶ㲻׺ķתƵ˱֮ϣʮʱ䡣
׺һСķȫʧЩͻȻΪ촷ۣʧ֮䡣
û˷ػľҶˣ׺ʧҲ˰˱
ְ֬ɣ
˱ѺѾ΢ɼǾңңڡ


1201 
һ̳֬Ư֮ϡ
ܵ˷֬˱Ծศɣ°˱ƺŵĸ׵ζ
֣ҶҧԼָһεξѪֱ֣ͿĨڰ˱档
Ҷ溬дɽ編򣬵Ѫ֮󣬰˱ƺΪҶһ֣ԺʩչǵӦ֡
ͿĨһ㾫ѪҶŷо崫ѣΣҶһܹ糱뵽档
ԪõڿٵĻָЩȱٵɽ編ҶֱӴ͵֮ţ˲ָ
֮еķӼ̣ҪȸղŻҪǿ
ҶľѪ֮󣬰˱ЩϸСѺ۳ʧޱʵɢһ֮
֬ȥ
һֱ̳֬Ӵ򿪣һɫƥ֣Ͽһ㽽£·˱ӣõ˷֬Ľ࣬ĳ
ɫķƣ뵽棬ʱ䣬âʢ̵Ҷ㶼޷˫ۣ˱ʼ
ǡ
֮УǵһЩ󷨣ʼ޸
ʱҶ㷴ﲻʲôæɰ˱Լ֬Ƿ֮ǰ˱Ҫ
Ȼ֮䣬˱ܳƵзڷɣް裬Ҳף
û뵽ư˱Ȼ񳯷ףľҶӿð˱Ժָ۷ָտɴ
Щף뵽У˸ɢĹԣְ㣬ɢơ
һööƳˣڰ˱֮ϣҶٴδ͵֮ţȡɽķ
յɽ編Խ࣬ΪļҲߣӿ˱
֮ٻ񡣡
Ҷһȣһö׳Ƴˣдȴϸ֮Ҷ˳
Ȼ֮䣬ɽͻȻһζƺ˷ˣ½ȡɽ編
ҶһһεĶŪ̫ˣֱӹر͵֮ţĸܵӴϢԼɨ
Ͼ޴ƣҶ˫ֽӡ뿪
Ѿǵƾô򵥣ɺۣɽӡǣ̻ۣҪĶࡣ
룡
޴ɺ۱Ҷ뵽˰˱УɫɺۣϵĽɫһɣ˱š
䣡
Ӹڲҵı·һɼѹȣɺ̫ǿ󣬸ʱܲס
ħ죡
Ҷħ棬ʼ˱һƣƵʱ䡣
ɺһֽ⣬˸֮ϣЩڣ棬㣬գڳݱ䡣
һ·ˣӰ˸֮ܶĻꡣ
¡
Ҳ׵磬˱׵֮ѵҪ
Ҷܿ񶨣˱ûôһǸղŵɺۣɽע׽ٻ
׵磬ˮһʼˢ˱Ҫ֮
֮ŭ
Ҷٻһڸˣſ޿ڣе׵ȫɵתµ뵽С
ãǳĺãȻûһв˱ˡ
ΪҶӵй֪׺ڣڸ˱ԱȣȻ˱
׵Ϊ˸ӪƷڿٵĳɳٴηŴһʵľ
ֻǳһյʱ䣬ܿеķ֬ˣ˱Ҳȹ
˸ĽһյɷǺÿػ򣬳ɾڵİ˱
գ
ҶٻƯģֻĴָСҶȴĽ濴һ
ɽӺѾγɣдУֲ￪ʼïܵȻδѾԳɿռ䣬ҪȰ׺Ҫǿ
Щ󷨣Ѿָʮ֮һڻָһ֣ܽĵز
ȫ޸Ҳǻָʥ֮ʱ
УŮСףԺڸɣҪȰ׺Ҫ񡣡
Ҷǽڰ׺ûˣڻصǬǳӦ
лл磡
аŮʮֿġ
磬ΪҸо滹иǿ硣
ʵҪǰ˺ܶ࣬ôЩ꣬Ѿˡ
ǳ֮ȣ֮ء
ҶԵ˵һ飬Щ֪ˣҲδ
ѹ֣
аŮͷһ˰˱С״һǣҲȥˡ
Ľ׻Ϊһ⣬ûҶ棬ҲǼϣ㵽
ʶһҶӻ˳ɣûʱ㣬չȥ졣
һȭͷǿʣƻҲԸõķչˡ
껹ǿ骸ǵʱϾҪˣҲҪ׼һ
һʱ䣬һζһҶһ𣬳ɽȥǰ֮ء
֮󣬰ֹͣɨҶ㣬¶һ˿ɫ
㡭ͻƵĽٵɣҼǵ֮ǰٵɰɡ
ϳ֮ɫЩţʱ䣬Ҷһ硣
Եɺϣ
ҶûĽͣԻͼܾõڶ֪¥Ҷ㶼
ûһԵĻԵܺá
ƺЩĽٵѾʱˣȻŶʮ꣬ʵѳʮ⡣
ʦ㣬׼𣿡
ҶϾȥֱʵ
аգôɱ骣һݣ
ػЩģϾ̫Σˡ
ʦ㣬㻹ѡǽ뿪骻ˣҾͲŰʦÿﲻ
ҶҪǰı˲٣ǰΪðطɾ裬ǽ죬ֻҪɣ߽丮һЩ
ãҾһΣƭҵģ֪ұۣһϡ
һҧһԣܱÿڵҪõĶ࣬ЩҪȥԡ
ʦ㾡ܷģǾẦ㡣
Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣһţ˺ܿ쳯ɽȥ
ʦ㣬ίˡ
ɽ£Ҷʾؿװˣ˽ɽ
һûԥֱװΣҶ׼˴ӣװȥ֮󣬺ֱӿ˳ɽȥ
һ·ֵĿ⣬ûȥʲôҲ˼ɽϴһͷޣ֪Թôװڻȡ֣Ҳ
һ·Ҵңֱ骵Ժӡ
Ҷʶɢȥ骲Ժ棬Ҷʮֺ棬ѵ骲֪Լõʱ
ʶһҶо˹뿪骵ԺӣԶȥҶȫʶ
Ƚȥȥȥ
Ҷһ˸ʧղŴԺܳ׷ȥ
ʱ䣬ҶͿˣȻ丮ĵӣҪ뿪丮
һƧ֮أҶһѹֱѹ˴˵ļϣߴһ
˭
Ӵһ˸Ȼȫ֪
Ӧ㣬˭ɣ
Ҷ¶аЦвɸ˵ܡ


1202 м
ҶаЦݣһ
ֵܣſ
ʮ̩Ȼ֮ǹɽ֮ɫΣҶҲܿһ
ǲײĲᡣ
Ҷһץʧԭأҵһ֮أһӣӱӵ˵ϡ
ѡ񣬸˭丮ʲôĿģҿǷһ·ڶѡֱĻǣڽɱ
Ҷ˵ֱӸѡ
Сӣ֪Ҹʲôϵ㵨вң㣬ˣҲ졣
վвҶ㡣
ǲ֪
Ҷָһ㣬һƨ˵ϣһѪɫ˲ήҡ
ˣȻ㲻Լ˵ֻĻˡ
ûκԥʶһֱǿнĻ꺣֮С
˵˵Źҡ
ҲĽٵɣҶҲĽٵɣһ£ͬԪʴԷĻ꺣С
ΪͬȾ磬Ԫ޼һԷƣҶղô˵ѹû⡣
˭֪ҶԪ񾭹֮۸죬ٵɣǳ֮ǿ˲߽ӵķֱ룬ֱռȵռݶԷĻ꺣ļӿ뵽Ҷ꺣С
һյʱ䣬Ҷ˫Ŀ֮У¶˼֮ɫ
丮Ȼ˾ͽ年һ𡣡
ҶƺЩţԭ˾ͽ¹ĴӵĳԹңҶҪıƻˡ
ȥӽ˾ͽԭҲ˾ͽһӣһ丮мҪ骰ϣͨ׵Ĺϵıʲôʲô䵱ûС
˾ͽԭֻǴģܶණ֪Ҷܽһ丮˾ͽһʲôɸ˵ܡ
ƻ϶ܸı䣬ҪԸıһ·ˡ
Ҷ˼˼֮󣬾ðһԣ߽ܲ丮˾ͽĹϵѡ
˾ͽԭˣԪҶǿжȡֻʣһʬ塣
Ҷ뿪ԺӲãѾط骵Ĵϣֱ뿪
һʱ䣬骴ֱԼķ䣬ղű׽ˣ㵢¡
뷿䣬һˣ¶Ц⡣
੣Ǽ
˴֣һ˴֮󣬿ؽ˫ۣϢȣԻɢס
Сӣˣ
ϵ·ѵһɶֱӳȥ
׼ַصʱ򣬱ĽͻȻˣϵĲϡ
㡭
骴󾪣û뵽ѵģһֱڵȺԼ
骣벻ɣԻɢ˵˿ûá
˵һͣ骵Ĳӳһ˿Ѫ
ǸǸʦ㣬ⴿᡣ
骺ˣղŻһ֮ɫԭΪһˮ֮ӴԺ󣬰ضˣ˭֪ؾȻûбΣóĲϡ
᣿
ǼʱңѾ˰ɡ
ؽҶ㼸˳ˣΪˣҲ޷ֻҪһǰ˭֪
ǼȻƭҡ
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Ҫ־͹Լҵ
Ҳĺ֮丮һûмɱ˶˵ڼ򵥲
Ǹʦ㣬ᣬҽͣ϶ݺҡ
骲ϵĽͣ±ɱǰװ׵ȥҲ
ϻ˵ɣ
ظͲᣬһշŹ϶ˣһλ
Ϊɱ𡣡
骴һðһ⣬ֱӰסˣصĳ޷ǰһ

Ҳû뵽лֶǿϲһƣΣգֱӴ򿪣൱ڻһ
ϸȥǰһɫĻ䣬ǽƣֿ̻Σգƣͻʱס
𣿳Ȱ컹ǹԹԵĴңȻһܣˣ꣬㶪ˣ
̫ˣİػ
ɱ骣뿪Ժ϶⵽ֹݺİ˵ǰˡ
骣
ֱʩչһ骵ϡ
骾վԭأɰصĳ£֮޷
ɣ·ҺúõһһῼǷŹһΣֻҪԺԹԵҵŮˣұ֤㡣
ϿҲˣѭѭա
һ
Ȼɱתȥһɱ骡
Ҫ̤ʱ򣬷һֱվ棬ۿһ֡
ô֣ô׵Ľˣ
˵߽꣬һ꣬һЦ⡣
㣡
һ۾ϳӣ򣬰Ҳһɻ֮ɫΪͻȻѵһжı
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¶аЦһУһεĽƳˣȫ
㡭
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㣬Ϊڰ㣬شԡ
תԴ˵¶һ˿֮ɫԭһʼƭǡ
㵽˭ΪҪƭҡ
غͿˣӣȲǰ骣Ҳǰǵô¡
˭ҪҪǽ춼Ҫ
˵꣬ϱһǿɱ⣬ѹƵĴ
㲻丮ĵӡ
Ϣ丮Ĺɱ¾̫֮Եɫ˲丮ĵӡ
˭˵丮ĵˣ
ͻȻһ仯һ˵ģ
˭丮Ϊ
Ŀػ骣Ȼʱͬ飬ѵվһ
˵ˣ˭ҪҪǽ춼Ҫ
ȻҶ㣬㶨˾ͽԭ֮۷ÿ˸ղŵһĻ
ƾһҲɱֱЦ
¶ЦȻҶﵽĽٵɣҪ뿪Ҷ㻹ס
ɱǣûʲôֻҪɱƯƯ
Ҷվӣָһ㣬骵徹Ȼܿƣվԭɪɪ¶ֲ֮ɫϵĻһѿ
㡭㲻ҪɱңҸ丮ϣɱңһӲ
骺ˣԼ׸Ļٵһʱ̶޷򿪣ҶֻһָϵĻֱѿһˡ
ҲһղϵĻĽٵɸ޷ƿ֮У¶Ũ֮ɫ
ûκԥһҶϮ˵ء
ʦ㣬㻹ǱˣԭŹһΣղֱӳǼˣҲҪ
Ҷƻ֮⣬ԭ˰һΣǸղţҶһɱƻܸ


1203 ħ
һ籩丮ˣ滹кĵӣôɻǣΪη滹˾ͽˡ
ǳ֣ȫ㣬·˺˾ͽֳֳ꣬骵Ĳϡ
ֳһӡҪǿأ˾ͽ˿ɱ骣һƣ˾ͽͬھ
ҲһˣȻҲǱ˾ͽˣһһһ˭Ҳ޷⿪
һʱ䣬鴫丮骵ĸ׵һʱϵԼĶȫ㣬ڱĵϣɢһŨɱ
˾ͽ壬㵨ɱҶҪǲú
ӥ۽ɱ˸ڵϵ˾ͽԭȻʶԼĶӣǱ˾ͽԭһɱƿ˻
׮Ѫ丮ϲ㣬ʼֵ飬ȴûһ˿յõһۣǿȰأ˾ͽԭײΪĳ飬ִͬھ
ܿ챻ϲѹһ׮ͷǰ˻ڲ²⣬ô򵥣˾ͽôܸ丮ɱˡ
Ȼݺ˭û֪
֮ڣҶڰ丮Ѿʱˣʱƽ
ˣ
ű죬ˣҶֹͣվӣ˳ȥ
ôˡ
ź껹ǿҶʵ
ˣǳȥɱħ˵ӣÿÿѮҪȥ
깧ʩһ񣬿˵
ҶܿӿһЩƬΣ丮ÿУҪȥصɱħˣһǶӣڶص֮£غܶ౦رǵصħˣħɱһͷħˣȡħ֮󣬿Իȡ֣뾪Ͽȥժҩ
֪ˣϾȥ
Ҷ㲻¶ţ丮һЩ黹ҪͰȥ
ԭҶȥȣѰ֮ʯȻ£Ҷֻڵȼˡ
Ҷص䣬ʰһ˺ܿ뿪ۼظȥ
֮ʱҲԲʱ̣صħϲԲʱ֣һûɱҲ棬ʱ꼰ࡣ
丮ڱɽһһһһϢշˮ˵һء
ⱦ棬ҲΣصħ˾һ֣ϲɢ֮ʺϵصħ
صħ˻ͬѪħѪħϲྫѪ
صħˣǴһҲͨǵʳа֮һЩصĵطħˡ
ǼߣһЩħ˶ͨ꽩ʬݻɣѿǣһǣǻٴʮֿɲ
Ҷ⣬ЩصħӦڽʬһ࣬ģֻ࣬Ƥڣָ׷ǳ޳ҶѧԺʱʱǿҲʬ
صħˣһʬǣ嵶ǹ룬ƿǵķ
ʬַֽʣҶ䵱УصħˣʵǿӦǽħһͷħͳͷʣһͷʣͳʬ
ʬһٵɵٵ֮䣬һٵңǽʣﵽ˽ٵɣǾǽħˡ
ͻƾŽٵɣǸǿɲпܳΪɽصλ棬ٴνӦǧ֮һħ֮硣
ЩϢǰµģҶȫգ丮ýΪ˲õصħвţÿУҪȥɱħˣǼֳȥ
صħˣҪ丮ϳû˿Ըˣܿٵħ˳ɳ
ֵȥɱħˣӳʥ֮⣬˶Ҫμӣǹء
ۼأѾǧ˾ۼڴ˵أҶֱ߽ȺС
Ȼһǧˣǹ㳡ǳ֮ɼǧ˶ӵΪĸУٵһ
Ҷվ֮һǿʶǼɨҶ̧ͷǰ濴ȥǰ̨ϣվŮеģΣŮʳڡ
ҶҲʶĵӣϣΪʥӵˣڶĽĶ
ֻҪΪʥӣλ߸ϣֲÿȥɱħˣϾɱħˣÿһζ
ֵȥɱħˣҶϸ£ϸɱͷħˣͷʣõ˸ĽһҲܶҪﵽ֡
мŮ˵ˣҶûв´ŮгϣλʥӣһЩͼʥӣϣҪͿΪϣѾﵽٵ۷壬ͲһܳΪʥӡ
Ӧʮƽƺϰˣһ֮Уɱħ˶ǵףϰΪ
Ҷûϣʦ˵Ļ
ϣߵͻȻֳ˲ֱӴһ¡
ʦַģһ񡣡
ϡϡĻشŵӣҲкĵӣҶɨ꣬˽к䣬ҲǺؼ֮ˣ丮츳ĵӵУڳϣ
ˣǿӣҲԵжɱһֻʬԻȡһٸ֣ɱԽ࣬Խ࣬ԺǿȥϿһ
ϣ˵ϻûκα飬һ䵭ӡ
˵֮뿪ˣ⣬Ӧû齨һγһСˡ
ΪħϲȺӣһжʮΣգЩҲһ׾飬齨飬ԽɱʬҲԽ࣬ȻҲ١
Ҳһ׶ˣɱʬ󲻺÷䣬ƽ֣Щʵǿ֮ˣȻﲻ
ʵ䣬ЩʵСĵҲ뷨Ϊܶʱ򣬶ڵڻңǰͷ
͵£齨ʱ򣬶ƽʱǳĺѣİӣ齨һ𣬻һ㣬ͱӵ飬ڵ¾ݣһȡ̫ʬ϶˵졣
ÿһ齨飬ǳ֮ѣһЩˣԸжԸһ
꣬ǼҴһ¡
Ҷ㲻Զһʮ˳߹
ʦ֣˼Ѿöˣ顣
У껹֮ףһ仰ǳ˵ġ
ˣ»Ǳʬˣ˵ûиᣬӦ֪
ɫ˲Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ǵĿģʵϣȥͷʬ˶Ըõʬǳȫǡ
ˣҲǰװ׵ȻҶ
֪ʲô
ҶͻȻЦеʵ֮УϷʡ
ʲôʱӱˣȻҳԶײҡ
ɫܲÿʵͻƵĽٵɣٵȣǲֵһᡣ
ҵĵһˣֻǰмĳЩһʶˡ
ҶЦٵɣ֪ɱ˶٣ҶӡǣһлᣬŹ


1204 
˭Ҳ벻һӺСȻҳԶײ죬ˣǺĵӣȻǵ׵ĴڣҲһ֮
ʿյĿ࿴ҽ쵹Ҫôһʶ
쵱Ҷ㲵ӣɫܲÿʱҪƵãߵ˶¶Ц
յʱ䣬ǧ˶齨˶飬˿ʼȥ׼£ɱصħˡ
ÿһζݣܵĹע٣ǿѰ·
лʦֿ佱ҪȥɱħˣʦÿҪסǵȥ·
ҶȻŵЦ⣬ѾǶɱ
СӣҪ
һ˳˹һƳҶ˹һԱҶ㲻϶ײ죬ʮͷ
ҵԼȡҪǸ
ҶͻȻǰһŲƸ죬Ĳ˼飬˻֮磬ҶٶѾһ˼ĵز
ٵûҶٶȿ죬һ⣬ƻδµʱ򣬾žһ
ž
ʮ࣬˹ֱӵɳȥһѪֱȾգָӡӡϡ
ͨ
ӻһߣһʺֱſ˵ϣԹȥ
Ҫ뿪һЩֱͣס˽Ų˭Ҳ벻ᷢһĻͬĽٵɣһȳ֣һȷˣôܡ
Լ˱Ҷһȷɣ˸Ũɱһ󲽳Ҷ߹

ɷ˵ʧȥˣһԼ˱˴ˣʹ˰ˣԺ㡣
Ӧǰɣסǵȥ·
ǿɱ⣬ȭͷҶȻ˷Ϊȭֱӷȥûκ
СǲѰ·Ľٵɣȥٵɣǲ֪
˿Ҷ㾳֮¶֮ɫΪҶԼ
ǿδأһȷͬȾ磬˲򵥣Ҳ죬ŪҪ﷭
Ҳ˿Ҷ㲻һȷĽٵɣʵѹͬ
ڴΪҶҪɵʱ˵ȭͷݺݵײһ𣬷һ졣
䣡
ĽһЩֱӱƷ˳ȥһȦܲϵ죬ϵʯһѿ
ǡ
һͷѿ޷ܵ鷢ˣ˺üվȣұֱӵʹȥܵһЩ˺
ҶֻһϷƵƾУ֪ҶռϷ硣
ʵǲ֪Ҷ㲻óһɵȫʩΪһȭѽ⽴
ʵʲôʱôǿˡ
Щ⣬򲻽СʵٵɣΪʵͻȻﵽĽٵɲ˵ٵɣսƽ֡
ҲǷ׷¶ɻ֮ɫ꼸ˣǵ׵Ĵڣ裬쾹Ȼһ㷭ȷʵ˲ˡ
ɣǰЩ̷һöĹӣͻ˾硣
Ҷһɣȥʲôе飬˭ȥһӳî
ܶʱͶٻȵĿ⣬̷ĵرͻƾʤһЩɹ̷ܸ֮ʣԭһƽӹߣܸɾš
Щ˿ʼ˽ͶĿ⣬ΪҶϻֹӡ
ǸǸʦܣ˵Ĺ﷢ֵģ
Ȼ̲סˣҶʵ
Ҳ׷עҶ㣬ҪõĻش𣬿ĹסˣҪַ֪
ǸǸǡͷӴսҾĵǱΧͷܾˣҾͷöӣ̷ֱˣͻ˾硣
Ҷʮģ˵һַ༫ٽȥǽȥˣҲһ֪Ҷ˵
ãһͷػöҶ˱ˡ
˲²⣬϶ͷ޶öĹӣȴҶ㡣
˷׷׸ͣΪҶֱˣ˾磬ʣĽٵٵɣռƣţ綼ܵŵĹע
һЩ˿ʼ¶Ѻ֮ɫϣҶܸ׼ȷĵַҲﻹ
죬ͱˣ¶ݵ񣬴˺ܿ뿪ʱҶ鷳Ȼ֮١
۵ףҶ¶аЦΪܶ඼ǴŲĿ⣬ΪҶϿ϶ֹӡ
λʦ֣ǻץʱȥɣúʦֲˡ
Ҷ㱧һȭź뿪ȥ
Ҳ׷ɢȥҶϱ˼öӡǣǳû˵ʱڵѯʰɡ
˸⣬˳ɽ֮ȥصڽ丮ϲʮĵطÿһɱصħˣҪʱ䡣
ʮﲻһʱʱ䣬Ҷʩչޱȣܿҵ˵صڡ
һǳİͨм֮һ޵ľ޿ڣ˽ȥҲܱɵһɶ
ҵصڻֹһһЩʮΣ̤㣬ЩطΣգڱ丮ʺϽ롣
ֱ̤ڣӭ磬껹ǿֱӴһս
Ҷ㣬¶Ц⡣
ʺȡ£򡣡
ҶЦ˻ҵȪۣȪۣ֮գҶ϶ƣγɽҶʵֻᱩһ
֮Ҷ㻹ǱĳһȻǰһΣΧû롣
ΪŲ㣬ϲֻһЩͼʬԽ£ʬʵΪǿ
Щʥǰֱӽ㣬߲㣬ڵڰ˲㻹еھŲûȥǽϢأһЩҲ߲㣬㣬ּʷǳ١
ص磡
һ㣬Ҷ㷢֮ȫһ½¾Ų㣬ָһһȦһȦԽ£·ԽҲصס
ÿһ㶼ң˭Ҳ֪жô丮꣬Ҳû̽ıԵش
Ҳɽľ죬޴ڣ½һģһ
ľľʺϼ⣬Բڵ£ЩҲһϲҹûࡣ
Ҫڶ㣬Ҫ߽һشͨڶڣÿһ㶼һָ״
ǧ˽һˮ۵֮УܿͱûѾѿͬӰӡ
Ҷͣס˽ŲҲսڣ˺һ룬ͺͬˡ
Ҷתͷ߹ʮˣͷľȻһŮӣ֮УŮӾӶ࣬ҲӻУӦһ顣
ôˣѵ֪ǳΣ𣿡
ͷŮӿһҶˣ¶ɻ֮ɫֱʵ
лʦĹģϲж
ҶʮֹĻһ䣬ܿĹǼΣȻҶ丮ӡǣ丮ûкˡ


1205 ɱ¾ʼ
ǼǼǵĶɣ໥Ҳиչˣ
᰷룬ϣҶܼǣһ밲ȫʱбˣ磬ħˣһħΧ
лʦĺ⣬ǻϲˣʹ˸ǡ
ҶҪֲ̫࣬˱©ݣһҶ¶ţֲչ¶ȫʵ
˵֮Ҷź껹ǿһ뿪ˣԭصᰣû뵽Լһ⣬Ҷ㾹Ȼ顣
Ҷ뿪ʮը˹
ʦ㣬ҲģϧȻʶô
ᰲֵ޵񣬿Ҷʧķ
ᰵĳĿõģƽϲˣСĶﶼᱣԺܵģٵɵ齨һ֧ʮ˵Ķ飬ͷǳˡ
ˣ߰ɣ
ᰲô⣬ҿʼ׼ɱħˣȡĻ֡
Ҷˣܿ촩ڵ£Ŀռ߶ȴֻмǧңûдչâȴҲܿʮ
ڵϳһ۲ݵֲɢ׵Ĺâ䲻磬Ҳ࣬۲һʮֲͨϲڰǷֳѵĳ
һ°ӵıԵʮֻʬѰʳҶ֮˹
˹ʬҶɱ¾֣֮һɨʮֻٵʬԴһ
ǵ棬ɳһööɫʬ溬кܾʺ
˱߱ͣһʱգ۶Ҷ㲻ڵһɱȥ
شҵͨڶڣûκԥֱ˽ȥ
ţһصһ㣬ǸһϺȣл֮Լȥ
Ҷ㳯ǿ˵ڸ棬ƿҶϲж
Ҫǣһֱβ棬ֻҶһֱûв𴩶ѡ
ǣˣ
ҶָķӣҵһεĵطҶ뿪֮תصһ㡣
ҶٶԽԽ죬˲ʧڵڶ㣬ߺѷ֡
Ҷ뿪ãȻˣŵӣʵܲһɫĽٵɡ
ǿ׷ˣһ
һ˵ͳ˵˼ӿ˽ŲҶ׷ȥ
ಣ
ҶһϣԶ¶аЦ
ǲ֪ҵٶȣƾȺҲ׷ҡ
ſˣҶɱ֣ĿľǸ丮Ȼ䵥ĵӣŹ
ſˣҶͻȻ˵ϣ˫ֿ󣬷·Ⱥ˶ʱ
СӣȻû뿪
Ҷ֮γɰΧ֮ƣûٸɱԽ飬ϵ޷졣
ΪʲôҪ뿪
ҶЦеʵɨһۣ᲻κȤֻնɱʥӣ˼丮ĸ
ˣҶȻûôļ䵱У˵Ϣ
˺ųƷУһţзԣǾЩĵĹ۸ͬڵӣɱԽûԸǽЩһֱڵɱħˡ
ǲ𣿻ȥˡ
ϴҲ˵ͷ֮ˣҶʵ
Ըǣһӣ
Ҷ֪ǵĵʲôûжİգԸҶһˣȫһߵ̬ơ
СӣҪΪԿ˲ˣǣֵһɱٵɡ
һ˱˳˳һѾһ׺ϻ󷨣ʮǿٵɼʮͷۡ
ǻԥʲôְɣ
Ҷøǆ£ɱǣ룬ֻн㣬ٵɵʬٵңɱûж˼
һʬֻһٻ֣پǶ٣İ٣Ľٰ˰٣ǧٵɵʬһ֡
ٸǧȥɱʬ֮٣Ϊٵɵħˣǽʣʵǳǿǰ޷˺Ƿֺ
ϸϸɱͷʣ丮ٵɵĽʻַǳ֮ߡ
ɱͷʬŶһͷʣǴԸѡȥɱٵʬҲԸȥǽʡ
ȻԹֵܼˣԹԵĽϵıǻῼһ
˿ʼתȻһЩ֮ⲻǵһ󷨣һӣһ
趯ĽŲҶ¶м֮ɫǰŪ
ҶȻ̸ϴʦ𣬵һȻأ㲼һ׻ɽû⣬οССĺϻ󷨡
ֱֳѪȻδ͸ղҲһɱԽĹ
ɣ
һֳҶ㵱ͷ£ƥĽٵɣѾܹ֮ͨǳǿ󣬽֯޾ķֱŤռ䡣
ľ磬Ҷ޶ãĿ㷴ӦûС
СӲǺ˰ɣ
Ҷԭأһ𷢳ЦֻҪȥҶһ࣬ǿҲܲסһ
𣿡
ҶͻȻֱ֣סҶסˡ
⡭
˴󾪣һҲ֮ҶɵĽסˣرֳӣоʧȥ˶ĸ֪
һͭҲ˼ó
ҶֱͻȻֱ۴ϸһŤ黨״ʮֿɲ
ֳӣֱӽ֮¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ֵǣӲȫ֣
Ҷ㲻ͬѰӴ˹Ҷֻ֮һһԴ󴸣Ǻ͵
һȺ߹ƾҲɱңɣ
Ҷ㲻ȥһһ磬˵󷨶Ҷ˵ͬ裬˿𲻵κεá
һץҶץסһӵĲӣֱӽ
꣡
飬ֱӵĲӣĵز
ʧȥһˣ󷨲ƣҶһٴʧԭأ˵ĹֱӴ˿ϣˣ糱ˮһ㣬Ϣ
Ųһ̤ҶһǰԷŵֱһУҶƶٶôô졣
ꡭ
ҶƣƳֱ֣ӡӵϡ
飡
ֱӵɳȥһĻߣϣ֪
һŶ̶һʱ䣬ˣ󱳲֪ʪһƬ
ס
һͻȻ˳ȥȻҪ˵ء
硭
룬ʣ˷Уû뵽ƽʱһֱĴͻȻߣ
飡
˫˵ؿڣһڿѪҲˣ
ߵҶ¶аĻߣûȥ׷ƣһö޴ӡˡ
дӡ
һö޴Ƴץ£ޱȣɽХľѹȵֱӵڵϡ


1206 Ѱ
ҪߵͻȻһƨ˵ϣһö޴ӡŵɫҰףݳ޵飬Ҫιȥ
ӡ£ֱӱѹѪˮ
˵ĴָʰҶûͣ룬ȥ
ԽߣʬҲԽԽ࣬ʵҲһ˵㣬Ҷ˺üͷĽʬ
ƾֿȭȻ޷һȭ򱬣ɱ¾֮ԥնǵĲӣڵѪҺȾ˵档
ڵɱϰͷʬ֮Ҷǰ̶һʱ䣬ҶѾ㡣
ĲһͷʬҶ㻨һյʱŽ֮ܣѹϸϸɱͷٽʣ˸ע⡣
ʬͬ࣬ҲûǿĹǵʮֲֿ֮ͬе޵С
ȭͷƿǵķҶٵɣȫʩΪȻһȭ֮򱬣ҶҪʱ䣬ɱʬӶȡ֣뾪Ͽ
丮һĵطоϿ㹻Ļ֣Խ棬ܴʲôıҪ˵컯
Ͽһ磬Σҩ鲼丮ҩ԰иҪĲϣ棬Ҫõȴôס
Ҷ˵ϿһֺǴĲϣõԷֽһɱ¾֮һ˱
Խ࣬ܽ뾪ϿҶ㲻ϵƴɱʬ
֮Ҷ㷢ֺܶӶϲɱһʬӴ󣬵ڶĽٵɾӶ࣬ͬ£Ҫһ
੡
ͻȻ֮䣬ԶһੵЦʮͷʬˣҶΧһɫٵҵʬ
Сӣ㾹Ȼһ˴ǵĵֱ̣
㣬󲿷ֶһСҶһ˵̫ˣʥӽ١
Ҷ㲻Ľٵɣһ˴㣬ܿʬע⣬֮Χ
ǵʬһã
Ҷ˵嶯ˣɱ¾֮ΪһĽ⣬ʬ֮У޼ɵɱ
ɱһ
ͻȻ֮䣬ϳҶ㣬ֳɱ¾֮һɨһͷʬͱɨɳȥһöʬƮ˳
Ҷٶޱȣ˻֮磬ٶϣܼ
֮
һ仯֮һöֱӽʬԴ
ٵɣѾвҶ㣬ƾɲĸֵ⣬Ľѹסˡ
̶ʱ䣬ʮͷʬֻʣһͷȻɵɵվԭأЩš
ǡ丮ʥӣ
һͷʬŲȷҶʵ
㲻ʵʵĻشһ⣬һῼǷһ·
Ҷɫ䣬ɱ¾֮ͷʬĲϡ
ʬģ޼ֻѪɫƤޱȣʮָ͹ָа֮
㡭Ҫ֪ʲô
ʬ˵ͰͣƳ겻˵ԭȻӵǣǼٽܶʱ򣬶ԣ໹ǲͬ
֮Ի˵ǰļ䣬ǿཻ
ңҵԴͷ
Ҷ磬ɱʬһ棬һԭ򣬾ϣҵĵص㣬о򳹵
֪ǲ֪ǽʬľûһͷʬҿ
ʬ˵ʵĿǣ϶ҿڵص㲻֪Ҳ
ңںδ
ҶʵֻԼ취ȥѰˣҵ˵
ڵ߲㣬ͷػ
ʬС˵˳ԭԴͷڵ߲㣬⵹Ҷû뵽ģڵھŲ㣬ǻ鷳ˡ
ھŲǽħĴڣһ϶ᱻ֪ҶڵȥֱѰ·
߲Ѿ߽ٵɣ϶Ǻܶ࣬һͷҶаմҪǶˣͷǳ鷳ˡ
ȥ
ҶðһԣԺҵôŨǳ֮ˣ򣬹ֻ丮ĵ²ŻС
ʬûԥҶ㳯ȥ
˵㣬ѾٽʣҶۣ֮нʳû
ȻٽʣǰȻʱڣ˵
ҶһδĶܽʣʬЩš
丮ʥˣ㶼ҪСǰǳ⣬ĸ֪ǳ֮ǿ˲䷢ֽʳûĳ
㣬Ҷ˳߲㣬֮һɿɲ紵Ҷ㶳ôһ¡
ȻûԴͷ
Ҷ㰵ϲͷʬȻûѣԴͷڵ߲㡣
ĸ򣿡
Ҷʬҵһεĵطﲻٽʳû߽ٽʣҶҪСġ
ߣ
ʬָһ
ʵָҶѾ²³˾λãеǴߴġ
꣡
Ҷһߵʬֱ󱬣ʬ֮һԾʧԭء
䣡
Ҷ뿪ãǰսƺڸʽ֣ҶһԽҵһö͹ľʯڵסߡ
ʶɢȥĵӰڸһͷ߽ٽڽ֣ǳϣˡ
Ȼݣٵɣ߽ٽʡ
Ҷ¶һ˿ߣϸϸɱͷٽʣѹܴ󣬿˴ɱһͷ߽ٽʣܰӣҸ˵
߽ٽôɱκι䵽ʵϣ޷ƿķ
С࣬һߵϡ
ʷУ˲ٵɣȻ߲ܵͷʮ
ƨߣǾһȺĳ档
ȣеĳٴηָ˵Ĺʮǻ࣬мܣϾ˶ǶţϧǽʣȾ֡
ǰƲǵķܽѹ
੣ǼС޶Ƥۣһˬ
棬ʲʮֿģΪһҪһٴͣ˳׷ѣڽ֮ȥ
ʦ㣬ǲҪˣ޷ɱ
һӺ˺Ȼ
ãס
ϣһ˿֮ɫסʣǼƯڿУָҪʩչʲô
սĺأҶ㲻ٶѵĻᣬܴ߽ٽʹ
Ҷ뿪ã֮ϣɽγһӴ
򽣳ڣ
ϣȻʩչʧĽѧ򽣳ڡ
ʱ䣬һγһɢɲϢ
ȻҶԶ˵أǸо˿ɲĽͻȻסŲԶȥһصĳˣݺݵնͷʡ
е˼ϣһ֡
Ҷ⻬°ͣûͣԴͷٿ


1207 
ܳϣǿɲĽ⣬ҶζЦݣһ֮ʧԭء
࣬ƣɢƣϣ꣬ʮֳʪ
¶ȷǳ֮ͣкܴĹϵԽŨ
ȻǾҪŨٱҲΪʲô丮ԭ
Ũǳˮһֱӿ뵽Ҷ棬ʼ
֮Уˣγһ磬ϯٴݱ꣬纣ˮˮλڷ
úúãҵԪԽԽҵγ棬пܴٵɵĵز
洫ı仯Ҷ˵ز
Ҵ⣬Сǰ߽ٽػһҶҵԴͷͷǳ֮ˡ
ˡ
ǰ洫濪ʼζҶ㶨ס壬ǰȥһСʬѲߣϰͷʬһɫ١
ܣ϶Դͷˡ
ѲߵʬҶ϶Դͷ
ԽߣʬҲԽԽ࣬ȺӣҪĿģػԴͷⱻƻ
Բ첻ٽͬཨĽʯͷѳɣһݡ
мһӦþػĽʣ߽ħˣʵǳɲղҶĿã۷ţȻ޷һͷ߽ٽʡ
Լ֣϶Ҳֻ·ϢҶ˳Ϣƹ˱ݣĵط
ƹ֮Ҷ㷢ݲҲ̫Ũ۲ﶼѴҲ£Ĺ߷ǳ
ҲҶṩ˾εĻᣬԲһƬֻйͺͺĵ棬Ŀϻīɫˮǵص̫ʢй¶ر֮ϡ
Ϊβڣ
Ҷ鿴˺üΣȴҲںδѵҪԼĵڿ
Ҫ϶ᾪʣҵڣ֪Ľ룬ҵĴƬ
ܻһƬֻ紵ԶѲߵʬЩһ
Сףռ俴ܲҵڡ
Ҷţڴ˵أȴûڣҲĳֽƣ֮С
С׻Ϊһǣֱ֮УҶѰڡ
һյʱ䣬С׻صҶģë׵ģֻȭͷС
磬µĹȻûڱôֱʿÿռ֮һʱ֮ţڣʵǣھﻹкԶһξ롣
С׽Լķ˵˳ԭﻹڣʱ֮Ÿ뿪ˣҪ֮أҪʱ֮š
߽ٵɣҺʱ֮ţһóȻȥҲ·пʧС
ãڽȥ
С׶ʱ֮ŵãҶ㲢ģʱ֮ţǽħõģ丮ǰ
Ҷǰ棬һֵŻҶһԾʧԭأܿޱ޼ʵĺڰС
ʶɢȥҲ·ˣҶ㰵Ծʱ̫֮졣
ƽﵽٵɣ˺գݵķУ߽ٵɣԴռ䡣
ǿռʱ֮Ųͬʱ֮ͨһ磬Ūþͻزˡ
ռ䣬Ͼںֻ˾룬߲ܻΪһ̸
磬ǰڡ
С׻Ϊһͷ޴İɫʥޣҶ棬һ޴Żȥڡ
Ż֮УӭǸŨǳһ̶
ȻǳֲŻҶ㿴һɫľݱɣڵ»ʡ
ѾΪΣܻ꣬Ϊ뿪˵ء
һ޴̾ڵ£Ҷ¶˷֮ɫû뵽Ѿ״
ħֱɵֵˮΪ֮뵽֮УҶԪڿٵ
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Щˮ֮ҶЦ֮УдԪУÿһǳЩɺ۵䵽¶ա
˳ҶҪҵƬ֮֮ܲ
֣ӴȣͺñڴҨһưˮ
ĵƬľٶˮҲֲһöƬ
ˮ֮УҶεƬԴͷֻеܽҵ
ʱĵ߲㣬Ѿһţϣ򽣳˵ͷʣһֱۻն¡
𣡡
ʷŭ߲㶼ζ˸Ľʳ߿
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ϣʩչ򽣳֮оһ飬ٻһͬ鳯ٵȥ
һͷʶδɱһͷСҪˡ
࣬ɣ
ͻȻǣ޾ˣ˰
ۡ
˱ʴ֮һڿīɫѪҺʬҪʱơ
ǿߣҶϺ󣡡
ϣȻҪһס˹Ľʣѡ
УҪһߣ
˾ֿرһһŮϣϵͬһ㣬ųϣһ뿪
ԥĹһͷʳˣ͵¡
ߣٲ˭Ҳ߲ˡ
ϣ󼱣˸Ͻ뿪
ߣ
һһŮ뿪ϣԭأԥһ£һԾȻٸȥͬ顣
侹Ȼ˵СʱѡԼȥ
ʣµӷŭĺУһֱһ𣬼Ƕţû뵽侹Ȼһˡ
ˣǰѡǶԵġ
ϣ̾ϢһһʱѡߣǵѡȻͬʦֵܵĳʲô˸
ߣӳȥһŹ
ӽ˫ƣŮӽл˶ģֻҪȫӳȥһŹ䡣
ͷʳ˹ɫҰףΪһαɣϾһͷʾͿأο֮ͷ
ʱ߲㿪ʼζͬһطۣƺʲôˡ
˭
ʷһŭ֮УȻ˻ȥһҵƬ
ͷʵͷߣȻɱϣˣʲô顣
ߣ
˲ԥͷٸȥʱߣʱ
ʱ䣬뿪˵߲㣬ǰȫˣһЦ֮ɫҡڵĳȥٺʮֿġ
䣬վס
˫ƷһŭҪ뿪ĺһǺתһֳϣɫɢŨҵɱ⡣
ǡǾȻû
Щţͷʵ׷ɱ˲û˳
𣿡
˫ǳãлɱȻһ˹ȥ


1208 һ
˳Լ߹ɫܲÿӣͬ飬⵽˳Ц
ȻǶûˣһڵɱͷٽʰɣҲ׷ƽϸļ¼
Ѿˣ߽ٽδɱڲɱٽʣ¶ûȥˡ
䣬㻹ô֣Сˡ
˫Ҫ֣ȴϣסˡ
ˣͬʦֵܣ
ϣһۺ䣬ת뿪ˣٶ
ǳʦ飬һŹ㡣
˫Ƹ׷ȥ֣ϳϣɱ˺ڼ򵥲ǳϣûô
뿪ɫ˸ɱҧгݣȴ޿κΣ˵ĹϵȻˡ
ص֮£ҶڸһʱҶҵԴͷˮϽˮħˡ
ͷ֮أƬݷڴ˴յ͸ӦˣǿҵĹ
ףƬǱײ
Ҷֱ½ܿ뼸׵ĸ߶ȣܵѹԽԽ󣬶ˮڼ½
֮£Ҷֻóֵ֣ˮϮ嶳
ȻҶӵڲʱ򣬾ͻγѭ
ȷ޵ģƽʱһ뷹ͻȻʮ뷹϶ᱻ
ҶپľˮãҶ޵ģ̫࣬ű塣
õİ취ҵƬˮо֮ڡ
ƬƺоΣֽŨ㽫Ҷ㶳ˮס
壡
Ҷ֮ػ壬ӿ³ٶȣˮѾһ˿⣬ˮ֮£ö˽״ͼΣɢֹԣƬ
ԼԼ֮䣬ҶܸܵХǴӴƬ֮зع
öҪԼؾеõдƬҪõĶö࣬Ѿزһ˿ͨ
Х֮ҶӿǱٶȣö˽״ƬԽԽ
ˣˡ
ˮ͸˹˵ðŰݣܵ¶ͻȻ½
֮Դ
ҶٴγԾƬѾγ˱Դ֮Ҳ˵öƬԼߣƬݽߣΪʧȥ˱Դ֮綼Ĵ
丮춼Ҫ㣬ֻҪȡƬ취ȡƬƻķˮ丮㲻ҳ֣ò˼꣬Ҳ˥ȥ
һЩˮҶ㲻ŶУɽһˮѵĳһˮ⵽ƻңᵼϢ仯
ΪҲ߻Ӱԣ߻ħ
Ϣ仯ͻ仯жˣȻҲ䣬ʧȥͻøӱ꣬뿪丮
Щ֮ԴҪҶƳȥǱɲĺ֮Ҷֱ¡
дӡã
Ҷˮףֱʩչдӡö˽Ƭץ¡
͵֮УƬδüܣͱдӡֱס
գ
ֱһҶȥƬȻ֮ء
ʧȥѹǱĶڵ¿ʼŰһ濪ʼѿ
߲㿪ʼζЩʬ֪ʲô飬ԭأ໥ӡ
ֻн˽뵽֮УһԴңҲƬ綼ݽߡ
صħﷱѾ꣬ʧȥһ죬һԼ
ߣ
Ҷ廯Ϊһ⣬Сף뿪ֱʱ֮ţӵ߲˳
Ҷһ֣ͷϹĽʣĿԣʱײĻ𻨡
СӣȻ֮Դ
ʷһƳҶ£ֻҪɱҶ㣬ȡ֮ԴȻƽϢ
дӡ
ҶûжܵĿռ䣬Ӳһơ
飡
ѣ¶ڻζӴĳֱ쵽˵£Ҳ쵽˵֮ϡ
ڵڶħ˽ֵһЩ丮ӣŵһǺϵ¿ʼζһʧɫ
ˣҶֱӵɳȥ߽ٵɣҶ㻹ԶԸһɺɫѪɫ˲ήҡ
丮Щ飬Сӣ
ڶͷʳˣû뵽߽ٽʣҶֻˣͷѹͲҶߵĻᡣ
ͫȱ
ҶͻȻޱȹ죬Ѿһȭλǿ󣬸ղһȭѾҪҶ
ĽͻȻԭأʶƺʲôסˣܶݡ
ͫӰ
ݵĹҶˣķгˣͷֱӰ֮翪ʼʵѷ죬㱻ֽ
ʱߣʱ
Ҷչʹ֮ϻ֮磬գۼĹ򣬳ڵ㣬ûͣȥһûͣ
Ҷ뿪һǣǼȿֲϢˣħȻ˽ħע⡣
Ƭжħ˵ĺ·ǶݣƬʧһ̣ܶǱڵ¾ŲĽħ˳
࣬ɱȥһ׼ųȥ
һͷɲĽħͳ֪ŭ˼㣬ܿ죬ӵ߲㣬ڰ˲㣬ʬԼʣ嵽㣬㡣
ô£ΪôĽʳˡ
ڵ㣬һʥͻȻͷʰΧסˣɷ˵ֱӽֽ֮⣬ʥôͻȻðôĽʡ
ûƬ
ɱʥ֮Ѳһ飬ûзƬٴȥѰࡣ
ʱ䣬һƬڵ߱¾һգԭ仹һ˭֪ͷͻȻ֣˺ѡ
˲䲨˵㣬Ҫ뿪ĳϣˣͻȻһͷħסȥ·һӣֱӻΪ촷ۣʧ
ʱ޿̲ٵһڲϵӡ
Ĳ㣬Ѿ˷ˣħ˷˱ң׷ȥ׼뿪
졭ŷźš
ͷųźţħ˼겻飬Ҫ֪ͨţֻ丮ϲܾһ
ʦ֣ǲˣǰûȥ
ҲĲ㣬Զѵ
ߣҸоﲻѰ
ϾٵɣΣʮУͷߡ
ǵͷʱ򣬷վͷʣŵʮһ£мֱһƨ˵ϡ
ʡ
Ҷ˵ĲԲֽʵĴڡ
ôôֽܳʡ
ǺˣûиǷӦʱ䣬ͱĨȥȥѰȥˡ
ֵĽԽԽ࣬ǧͷٵɣ߽ٵңнħϢС
丮ȻһɷͻȻǧϢݻڵص֮£ܵħ˷ĳ˲أнħ֡
һЩϢ丮ʱ䣬丮ϣ̫ϳϣʥӣ׷׳֣ȥ׷ʲô顣
˲䲨˵㣬ҶӰѾ˵ڡ
ÿٶȡ
ҶонħϢٴμӿ˽Ų


1209 󱬷
Ѿһţǰʥӣĵӣŵӣ˿̶ǰδеϮЩħˣ޼ɵɱˣǧˣ̶һյʱ䣬Ѿ
Ҷ뿪㣬͸оð˿˿⣬ǽħϢǿ൱ھŽٵɣһħסȥ·ʮҶҲħɱ
ɲϢڵص֮Ҳڷӡ
һʮʥڵȫڷô¡
ЩԭڵڶĵӣյϢ֮һıȥֻ棬л
ħ⣬رǾ޷׷ɱЩĵӣǺˮһϵӿڶ㣬ܿס˳ڡ
͵˲̤󣬱ˣڵã׷׶ڳڣ˭Ҳÿ˼̤飬ЩʵСĵӣֱӱ˲뿪
ڴʱħ˵ˣħʳ޼ɵɱɱħˣħ˲棬˫һƽ⡣
£ħҲɱ࣬һ㲻ᳬ˫ƽ⣬죬ħȫʵ
ҪɱҰ
һĵӷһҽУͱһͷħ˺ѣһ£ûƬֱӽʬ嶪ȥһ˹ȥ
ҵĸ첲
һ˲ҽһ첲ֱӷħ˻˺ʹĲҽС
ղŻǼˣֻʮǿӵ˵һ㣬ڵķȥ
סǣһ׼ȥ
ħסеˣƬһȥһͷǳ֮ˡ
ҶѻΪһ⣬ѾڼħҪ׷ѣ֮磬Զʱǿһַ磬ķ򣬳ԽƬء
ʦ㣬ǿߣҪˡ
ҶҪ뿪Ϥǣ˿ħ˵Χ޷ȥ
ԭӵһʮֱסˣнʵļ룬뵽˾ʱ޿ݡ
Ҷ㿴һۣ¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫҶ丮ĳõһˣûʲô£ͬʦãڱá
ڽµʱ򣬻ҪҶһ𣬾ϣҶܰȫĻų
һʮˣʣ޼ֻм˻ڿ
УҪһߣ
ᰲ϶ȥҲħ޷뿪ˡ
ᰣҶΪ͵ĺˣΪˣԼһ

Ҷ̾ϢһͻȻطɱһö޴ָˣħ˺ݺݵѹȥ
ԭ۾ܽһͻȻһɸӿµϢ£һָˣʵһƵֵ
ߣ
ҶסᰵֱֱۣʧԭأˣҶ˼ɲˣ֮Ծᰣ͵ǻһ飬ڽʱһҶ㡣
Ҷ첻ȣԺµĲȵһ˿覴ãҶᰣϣԲ
ҶΥģΥ˱ģͻĲȵˡ
пħ˺Ҷ뿪£ڵϣһҪħˣܵ˴Ŀ֮ȫȻԼڻ
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ЩţԼܻҶ֮ϻǾδһ֮ɫ
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㲻Ҫڽȥˣħ˼ֻиǲܿס
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ΪҶоԼ֮ʧȥϵղųʱ˺ǿڵһڹͱħ˲ʳһգȻҶ֮ҲʧȥӦ
ˣӦòˣ
Ҷ̾Ϣһǿ˶ȻԺ㿿Լ£ڶˡ
Ҷתһ룬Ȼһεصħ˱һǿ꺣֮е֮˷֣
ԼһˣȻܶ鶼ҪԼΪʤڰȫ
ǲͬ黹棿
᰼ǵãµʱҶ㣬һֻʣҶһˣ˿϶Զ˵¡
̸Ĺ򣬴丮򣬳ʮǿϢԻأоŽٵɵĴڣһҶ֮󣬷׷ӿ¡
ϻţҪ
ˣȻʶǰ˶֮ˣɱħˣʥ֮⣬ǰ
ǣ
Ҷ˲ٶ׷׳丮ȥ˿ѾûбҪˡ
ʦܣлľ֮
ص֮ᰵɫȫָųҶʾл
ʦˣʦڽµʱѣҲû룬ֻڵһɱһЩСħˡ
ҶһѣԼûн£ֻڵһɱ֮丮϶̲ˣ˶ˣֻʣҪ֪ԭ򣬱ҪѰ
˿̣±鲼Ѫ֮丮ڶֽ֮һ¶ǿɱ⡣
ħƣ㵨ɱ丮˶ĵӣѵҪ֮𡣡
丮һȣűʬ壬Ļǧˣȫһʬ塣
ãϽƬҿˣȻԺ丮ӽһɱһɱΪֹ
ӵ߲㣬߳һħͳεħ˵ʼ棬˳ħƣʵ˿丮
˵˵丮ΪҪһʧȥ˴Ƭͻݽߣˮ仯ɱȡѵ飬丮ôȥ
ŭƬãһõԲķ
ֻһʱϾ丮Ｘ꣬ʧȥֻʣͻƽ⣬ķˮһ仯ͻңȻҲᲨ丮
丮֪ħ˽棬丮ҲֻӦɱǻ˸ħ˵ĸ൱Ҳ丮ĸ
͵˫궼ʮƽ⣬˭֪ƽⱻˡ
㻹Ʊ磬丮ƬѵԼ⽫Ƭó𡣡
ħһЦ˵زȫ෶룬˼άǳ֮ߡ
¶һ˿˼֮ɫħ˵ĵȻеħ棬Ȼȥ飬һ͸о𽥼ʼ
һʱ䣬ͻ᳹ױ»һֱӻᲨ丮
ħȻ첻ܳǵϣڵߣĸ丮ΪУһ鷳
һʲôᣬ丮Ƭħˣɱô丮ӣǸô㡣
벻̫ͨɻħ˽ڷʲôط֪Щͨӣô
滹кܶ಻Ϊ֪飬ҪȥѰ


1210 񱦾
˫ֲ£ħһҧƬǱ˵ߣȴзϡ
п˵ôСħ˵Ƭ˵ߣǧô򵥣Σ丮
֮ڣƬħ壬ӴƲ丮ĵϴòӣɱ
ħƷвֳ˲
ħʲôԼƬڷһң丮ǲɣֻһȺڵµĳˡ
ϸҶĺ˿̷м֮
˷׷׸ͣ丮ôᱻһȺħвڳֻм֪ħ˵ǿ
صħ㳲丮һ޴в
Ϊħ˵ǳֲ˺ս丮ռκεơ
ħ֮УħҲв٣Ҫս丮ʤҲǲʤ
丮˲ԱҪ׷ʲô飬ħ˲ԼȡƬ㲻ɡ
丮Ӳܣһ˰еƬߣ丮ħ϶档
ħƣҿԴ󵨵ı֤Ƭ丮ΪɽʧȥƬͱòΣĵȻֹǵصħˣһҲΣ丮һĻһĻҳ
ŵǾ鲻ԡ
͸ʱ䣬һԲĴ𸴣͵ħ˵ķɡ
ħûѣħ˲ʺȥ̽Ϣֻϣ丮ܲ˭߶Ƭ
ģʱ䣬һһЩüĿ
ģ丮̣˽϶ᱻǲֻҪȥ񱦾һֻܿһ
丮˺ܿȥ»ڷŭ֮еħˣ׷ӿ£ͷǿħѾ֮ϣǿѹϣƽϢ
ش飬Ѿ丮ȫˡ
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¥żϿƣ׷˽ȥ
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ʮһǧˣ̫丮ûо顣
ҪǴЦ˴Ҿ֮˭Ҽ丮Щŵӣ϶ѡš
˵̨꣬ϳϣ׷׽ӡ񱦾֮С
ˡ
񱦾Щ֮󣬷ɫĹâʱ䣬һ޴ľӳˣ丮Բҡ
ÿһأ񱦾յһ
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ܿҶ꼸Ҳ棬иĳͻ׷׳֡
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ܣƬһʧħһʱͻӦõȵ֮ŷ֣Ƭһǽձ˵ߡ
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ûֻ˶ˣǵɺܴ󡣡
ҲвͬǱڵ£Ѷܽħ̽ӣľʮǿ󣬾ôأҲ޷Ρ
ͽȥ죬ӣϣô¡
ȥҶᰣ϶Ҫһ顣
ģǻص丮ʱһ·Ѿ˹һ£ǵȡƬ˿Ҳûлͳȥ
ı㣬ʵͻҶᰣҲǲѣô飬˭ỳɡ
ܺãȥɣ
ʾ뿪ϽȥҶᰣƬǲϡ
ǣ
վӣȥ¥
Ҿɲ󣬵һƬڴָֻҪʶһ̽ӣͻ֣ᷢʵڼʱѾ鿴һ顣ڶǵ޷߲㣬˵ȡƬ
һ̫ϳָ֮󣬵˵
ɱһǧŴһֻһųˣ
չ¶Եһ棬Ҷᰣ㡣
ȡǸô죬ѵһֱڵص𣿡
ҿʼϾϵ丮Ҫһȫ֮ߡ


1211 ˷
Ҷ᰻ص֮󣬾ͷ˱ִϣ˹㳡ϣȺ
˵Ҳû⣬Ͼô飬һ£ҲӦµĶˣֻ϶׷һܶ飬ֻˡ
֮£ֻڿտĹ㳡ϣҶһֱƽᰲͬ丮Ѿüˣ鼫ܶͬʦƽʱϵҲܲ
ŵӣһɶֻʣҶˣ֪ʮֵ䡣
ʦ㣬ܸǽڰ˳ɣӦÿøӳԶ
Ҷ㰲ο˵һ䣬ȽŮӣȻҶҲӽ¡
ϧվǵˣվڶ棬ȻҶ㲻ɱǲҶ㲻丮ľġ
ʦܣף
ᣬ˻ţҪǰͣͲǰҲһˮۣˡ
̸ĹһӰ
μ
Ҷᰶվӣ
ض񣡡
ֻʣˣҲһ꣬û뵽ֵȥɱħˣȴ顣
ʲôֱʰɣ֪Ӷˣſ϶᳹飬ǽĵӣʲô⣬һ
Ȼ˼磬Ȼ֪˵塣
ʵǣ̫㣬ҲȲѣһ¡
ʮֻͣһεӡ
ˣǵӦҪ顣
˵Ҷ㣬˸һ˿аЦ˭Ҳ֡
ȫ˵һɣ
˷ֱҲû̫ľ
˵ɣ
Ҫ˵ҶͻȻȿˣֻñտڲҶ˵ꡣ
˵ɣʾҶ˵ˡ
֮ǰӦＯϣȥɱħˣΪʵ΢ֻڵһɱħޣ˭֪ͻȻһζħ˾ͳ˳ҺõӿڣԭҲɱһЩħ˾ˣ˭֪ɿʦħΧҾͳֽʦ¡
ҶŽǰ˵һ飬ģֻδᣬֻ˵Լôڵ¶ȹġ
Ϊǿʬڻڵһ㣬ͷˣһֱһȻ˶ڣ֤Ҷûѡ
Ҷ˵ֵ꣬ܿᰡ
Ҳǲ࣬㣬ħ˹֮һһˣ˭֪˵һ㣬Ǳħסȥ·ҶͻȻ¡
Ǻϣûκ©֮Ψһ©Ҷôᰴһͷʵо¡
׵緢ʲô飿
ҶСʵ۾һֱע
Ѿʲôˣ֪Ҳν丮ڱɽ˾֪飬ڽ죬ĴƬ˵ˣ˵ħ˵ķˣŵ˶ĵ
ûҲסˣʧ綼ᱻ˷֣ҵƬ㽫Żȥ
˭ôĵӣǱ£ȡƬ
Ҷһߵ˵
Ҷı飬۽ǳ˳飬룬һССŵӣȡƬжĹϵΣ丮
鵽˭𣿡
Ҳʶԣʵ
ûУҡҡͷ鵽ˣˡ
ô죬ʧȥƬħ˿϶ݣΪ丮˵ߵİɡ
᰹Ȼ˼磬ܿ뵽Ĺؼ֮
ǣʻһ棬һ棬ǻ˵ȡƬ
ҶʱҲվ֮УһЩŭУȻ
ֻм飬κ˶ɣϵĶóɣǣȻ˲飬˵𣿡
˵ϣĿģǼǶˣƬһĲ鿴
ȻҪ飬ǾͲҵİɣʦֻĽٵɵʵѹûн߲㣬ԲڵȡƬ
óдָһһڷϣ鿴
лʦĺ⣬ӰᣬûͲ˲顣
ҶҲóеĴָϣǵЦŨˡ
һЩҪĶа˱ҶȫŲ˰Իͼ֮УǾŽٵɾ޷͸Σ˵˽ٵˡ
ٽԻͼսħ޾ħ棬Ҷ㽫ħСһԼļһģһ˭Ҳֲˡ
ʶɨ˵ĴָĶһһֳ
Ҷ㴢ָ棬һЩƵı֮⣬һЩͼħ˵ĽΪ컯
ᰵĴָҲֻ࣬ǱҶһЩʲôҩҩ˺ܶ࣬ƬѹûС
ɣ
ͷʾˣϣʶͱ飬Ƭϣͱ֪ˣڴָ棬Ϣ©
ϵĽָҶһȥ˵ǼٵģȻʮžħԷһ
ûˣȥȥɣ
ЩɺԭΪҵһЩˣƬˡ
ҶصסְмԼ˷׷ȥԼˡ
¥
˻ڣȻ񱦾ѾʮǰϢûһİ˽丮ͷǳˣ˭Ƭֱһһ
Ҳˣûɡ
ȥҶᰵ˵һ飬˴ָȫ飬ûκƬϢ
֪ˣ
ǲģϻָ֮󣬼ת񱦾һʱ֮ܿǰ˽ȥ֮⣬һʱ䣬ȥ˼١
Щȥʥӣ˿̶棬Ƭͱħ˷ȥǲܡ
ȡƬ˻ڵ£ֻҪãͲ֡
ҵóۣȡƬ˻ڵ£ħ˿ʼò˶ãƾͻֳԭΡ
ûֻҪÿ쿪񱦾ֻҪ˳֣ǵһʱܸӦõ
ǰҲûбİ취ֻˡ
ʱһȥҶ⼸ʮʵڷԼһڹ㳡
ټտյֻһˣ
˿̵ڣħȻ̾ᣬ丮ǴϢȡƬ˻ڵ£ɳҹأ׼һ˴̤ȥ
ռ䲨һ׵С޳ڵ¶㣬֮˳ϻһࡣ
ϷҪʼˣ
Ӱ֮¶ЦݣĿ仯һģ׵ʧˣӰǳһٵıȥ
䣡
һħ˸ཻսһ𣬴Ǿ춯ء
ȻǱ
գۼĹӰͳ嵽˶ڴҪԶݴ˵أҴϣɢŨ֮ȥ£Ƭϡ
˿̣ػ¥ļϣͻȻվ񱦾֮пһϤӰ


1212 ߼޻
˴ӵǿħ˵Χʣ׷׳֣Ҫסˡ
˿̣¥Ҳ󲨶мϣԼλ׷׳֣һ񱦾˹ȥ
һ࣬ڸʽ֣ʵǳɲȻ߽ٽսƽ֣ʵ̫
Ȼ
ЩţӰ̫ϤˣȡƬڲɢŨϢԶ϶ƬǴ˵ߡ
ô죬ǲҪֽ£
񱦾սͷʺȻסˣϾ˿ǰ죬棬ʵʵۿۡ
Ѿȥˣ˾ͽƥû뵽㾹ȻӹȡƬĿҪħ֣֮丮ʱ˾ͽ壬솴ǵһˡ
һ񱦾֮еӰһ˿ɱɢ
ã˾ͽ¹Ҫˡ
˵Ĺ񱦾ͻȻһ󲨶ӰͻȻʩչǰȥ֧Ԯ丮֣˵ء
ܲˣܻؼ壬Ҳ˾ͽù
ϵɱڱȺʱ䣬ȡƬˣȻ˾ͽ¹˾ͽδļ̳ˡ
ǣ㣬˾ͽһֱίߣ丮Ը¼壬丮ʱ˾ͽһҶ󡣡
ɫʱ丮˾ͽһֱк˭֪˾ͽ徹Ȼﻹһ֡
˾ͽ¹û֮У丮ڶ߲㣬ŭʾȻûסȥ·
֪ͨȥ˾ͽеĺȫֹУɳϣǰȥ˾ͽ壬Ƭûã˾ͽ峹׸丮ԺҲù˼ʲôϵЩԴȫȡ
³һ丮˾ͽһֱкϵ飬ԺҹϵҲѡ

Ҷ㻹ڹ㳡˿ʱ䣬ųȥӹ㳡ϳԼסȥ۽Ƴһ۰丮ĻȻûд
ǻһߣ̧ͷͦأܿ뿪㳡¹˽죬丮Ҳỳˡ
ص棬Ҷ㲼һǿƣʶӦֻռһƣС׳ˣϻһӰȻ˾ͽ¹
˱˴˿һۣϣȻһ
úúãû뵽ƬһЩŽٵɶѷˡ
ԭ˾ͽ¹ҶķСףٴν磬˵ߣΪ˾ͽΪ
ɹĽתƣҶԸӷ丮£ԼҲɢȥ

ٴγˣڷ֮У
˲˰Իͼ֮УƬӴķҶ㵤֮Уǿķһڹ֮ϡ
ʱһȥѾˣʱѹ丮ûнƬÿϣħ˾ͻṥ丮
ѾʮӱħɱȻ֪˾ͽ˵ߣħֻýŭת޵丮ϡ
˾ͽǳңԶħ˰ֲҳ룬ֻ丮
˾ͽҲп˵丮ֹͣ˸˾ͽĺ˾ͽһЩƻȫա
ǣֱԲҪ˾ͽ彻ƬӰΪ¼˾ͽ¹丮Ƭ
˾ͽôͣ˾ͽ¹壬丮ţٲҳ׷ѣɳС
һϢ˳ȥ˭뵽ƽ˼֮õĺ򣬾ȻôĿ񳱡
飬ûмֻҶˣ֪˭Ϊ
ԺӵУһʹ֮ɫǿա
Ҷ磬֪һжģҲֻ㣬ܽ丮Ͼ˾ͽƽӡ
ʮ˽Ҷ㡣
Ӹ߻֪Ҷ㽫Ҫ丮¾֪ȥȡаԼ⿪
֮
ҶֹͣƬĵѾڱͣȥҲ档
öƬ˼꣬ҶռҲղɾȱٵƬ߶գγ棬пܽͻٵɡ
ǰʮֻңʧȥƬƬ丮ƹܣʱһرأҶȥ͵Ͷ
ȥˣ
Ҷվӣٴκһ±ԻͼȻڴҶȻ·Ҳʲô
ʰ׵֮Ҷ뿪䣬ȥ
ʦܣҪȥ
ᰳˣʱԼһˣҲóߣҶ㡣
Ҫȥһʱ䣡
ȻҶһΣҶ㲻̫Ľ
ŶʦСġ
᰻ǿ˵һ䣬ЩȻȻܿҶ־ǧ֮ĸо
лʦġ
˵꣬Ҷתȥȥ
Ҷ㻹δ̤ţӭ߽һȺˣϸΣһͦص߽
ʦ֣һ˶ûˣԴҲ˷ѣÿԽ֮á
һȺʮˣͷƺӣһĿһеı飬Ҷ㣬ֱӸӵˡ
Ҷ㲻֮֮ͬ˸Ũɱ
ȻɱЩ޹ˡ
Ҷ㿴֮ˣͷӽ˶ĸ磬ҲǺĵӣﵽٵɣʵϸλܸߡ
ҪʲôΪδ
ǿסǵȥ·֮
ԭʦãþò
סԼŮ¶Ц⣬ͬǺĵӣƽҲӴ١
ôΪ
û׽һɵģ
ʦ㣬˶ˣЩԴҲ˷ѣϸֻǰһʱ䡣
վһ˳Це˵
ǡǿΪ
ʮôˣѾǷǳʹĵ飬ǾȻ侮ʯʱ䣬ӶԴ
ʦô˵ʹˣԴҪڵϣ˷ѣ˵أ
ӻһЦӣ֮⣬ʣһŻȡһöͻͽķ
УȻôˣǻˣЩԴӦ˵ġ
˵꣬Ҷ㿴һۡ
ҶЦһǴԼˮˣһ֮סĽŲ
һٶ챦վǷ
˳Ҷ㿴˹ȥֱӹЦ
˵˭أ
Ҷװŭӣֱŭ⡣
ء
ղ˵죬ԼˣȻԼǷ

оϷŪˣɢŨɱ
ôҪɱ𣿡
Ҷ¶Ц⣬ӿһ̿ʼҶʹ㣬һлᣬҲҪնɱȥЩԩ걨ѩޡ


1213 
Ҷһֱ˫ۣ˿ûоɫ
Ǹһöͻƾ򣿡
һЦ⣬˿ûҶҶٶĹӣҲ棬ܾġ
ʦкָ̣
ҶҲһЦе˫гһϸ죬ɱȫ
ԭ㣬ͬŵӣԼһ˳ֱ丮ĳ衣
δ˵վһָ꣬Ҷ㣬Ȼ˵Ҷ̰ͬʦֵܣԼ˳
ʦд˼ȥ磬ȥЩȥʦֵܱ𣬺α̡
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬˵ʵ߹
򣬲ҪΪ̷һö˲𣬽ֳԭΣ
ֱ߳һСˣ۵תĿҶ㣬ǾͿԸõռ
һֱ˲ѵʦֲ֪𣿡
Ҷһ˲Ҫı飬ҪŭǣлһһЩ鱨
ҳϣɹŭˣ֪ϸ³
ɱȻûֹ߳ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ǳײռ
ѵϸҪһ𣿲ۡ
ҶһЦϸһֱǿĸ֮ףһʮţѾǲʵ
ɸһս
Ҷ㼤ŭϸȻǿ󣬵ǻûӵ丮ĳ̶ȣҶ˼ϸҪ丮
Ӵι㻹ĺ˼úĵӣҪսŵӣܳЦ𣿡
Ҷ㼫ȷ̣ٵɣʵҶ㣬սȷʵ˵ȥ
ô㲻𣿡
ܿƽϢеŭ⣬ΣҲҪ㶨ԴռΪС
ⲻǸڲҵ⣬ƾʲôҪӦսսҿԽ¡
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻһ䣬ɢɱ⡣
ãҴӦ㣡
˼¶аЦĿģҪɱˣԺϸ¡
ȻˣǾǩ״ۡ
Ҷóż¼ֻҪӡǣǩԼˣ丮޷׷
һֱӵ˵ͷʾǩЭ顣
ãҾʧ
丮ĸ֮໥ͳ֣Ѿʲô顣
ĿԴ
Ҷӡǣ˿ûκԥ
ʦܣɡ
ҪֹѾˣ˫ʵ⣬ΪҪӦʵٲҲٵɣĽٵܿ⡣
ʦģҲµġ
ҶһĵʾҪٵɣ֪ɱ˶١ö֮Ļɱ丮ӡ
˵ĹҲӡǣ˫ǳɹǩԼ˭˭丮ܸ档
Ҳûˣ׼ɣ
ȭͷǵϵɱͷţһҶ
úڵӦɣ
ҶøĥƤӣնɱһһЩ˶Ҫɱ
ҽˣ㻹ܲôӲ
ˣֳֳҶޱǿٵɣѾ׵˺ѿռ䣬ɢ棬Ҷݺݵİ¡
ǿƣҶ˷ɱ¾֮ˣҶȻһɱҲܱ¶ȫʵҪʤ˵ڳˡ
öҶ似ʮѤʣÿһÿһʽǳ򵥣ĽҶʱȻʩչɱһ¶ڡ
ȻͨͨĽҶ򵥵ʽҶܻΪ棬һ׵ĻĹ
ִݲȵı飬ĿĽò˶ǰľҶһ׵ŵӣʲôʱôǿˣԸٵɿ⡣
˿ĵȻĹǳ˵еϧԼÿһƺ޻ϣһ㲻
վڲԶüͷ΢΢һ壬ҲһЩŵҶȻʵ޻Ľȴ˷˼ĽǶȣ׵ĻÿһĹ
˺ܿ콻УҶްܼȻĿסҶԪ
Ȼһ֮ĶͷðˮģԪһֿ飬Ĳֹ似˭Ԫ
ɿʼĵģķȻսʤԱӦû⡣
ʦ֣óɱﵳɣʹĴʵû˼
Ҷ㲻ϵļ̼ν涼ƫս
ٳپù£̬Ѿ˱仯˿ʼҲ£Ҫһ
ԽǺҶ⣬ÿѰҿյһ
˰Ϊżȴ޿κΣΪ˿Ҳв˾ۼ﷢飬ۡע⡣
֪ԭϸҪռһԲϣҪɱ֮ˣ˫ǩԼ
Ҳϸ侮ʯһֵӣ⣬Եľֹһˡ
ɲĽǵأҶȫù£ʩչĳˮһŲ似
ϺзУǳ֮ͻƵٵɣķȻǿ
ķˮ֮⣬ںһһ󺣳Ҷ
е˼
ܺصĴ֮ҶгһתһĨ磬Ҳˡ
ǿĺˮѹҶҪĲǶ£ˮ֮תƳȥԵˮ֮֡
ʤǿӲӲҪ׼ᣬöԷ㣬ȷĹ
ϰϰ棬ЩȻ֮ͣϣҺˮڵ࣬ķ
һɫʱ䣬ĹҶ׵Ļ⣬ԼˮԼôܡ
ٴת䣬һɲϮԵޱȿ񱩣ս£֪
ܻЩֵˣһĵӣȻսʤһŵӣȥ㹻ˡ
ʦ֣̫ʧˣ㱾£ҲܳΪĵӣֱǸϸ˰
Ҷһ֣߳ڳԷ۴У޿κΡ
򣬽
һȣͻȻԾгΪǧ⣬һٲҶݺݵѹ
ˣ
㹻Ҷֱһɨе˿ʼϽˮȫҶ֮ѹ
ⲻܣôܲٿҵ
ţŭ
ûʲôܣ㲻һѣõȻޣϧҲĹҲ˼ųҧˡ
ҶһȥˣȻ
վԶǳ˳飬ĵǵһˡ
ȻҶԼ֮˸Ũɱǰݣͳˡ


1214 һ֮Լ
ŨˮˣҶ㾹ȻҲʩչͬĽ
Ϊ֮УˮһЩΣʩչҶ㽫֮ıһ£ҶҲˮ֮⣬ʩչҪǿٱ
ɲˮӿ޾ķ򣬽֯һµĽ⣬ֱӽûˡ
Ҫ
̤գͻȻһҽУӿеݺݵˤʯϣ֪
һ࣡
ҶսĴָӶ˿˼Щɱһ
򣬶ң
ҶĴָһ˴һҶֱ¡
ôҲǩ״𣿡
Ҷű֮ɫһ۳ӣǵЦԽԽŨԷһҶȫ¡
һ㶣ȻҶһ仰ˣҲٵɣ߲٣Ҷ㽻֣ȫûаսʤ
״ǩҹQҹȥɣǵ˳ȺǩԼ
ʰһУҶվӣÿһ仰ʮֱָּ̱
ЩƽʱΪףڱҶһٵ裬ҶѾƵòʮֲ⣬ѵ
ʦܣʿɶֹɣ
Ҷӣ˵ˣεûʲôôԷٵɣ᰼ҪͿ
ȺҿԲˣٸȾָԴǴҵ̤ȥ
ҶһߵӣȻڱԴ
˵ɱ㣬Դ͹ǹ𣿡
˳˿ڲվߵ˶ǵСˡ
ȻֻҪбɱңԴȻ͹㡣
һҶ϶˵
ܺãó״ɣҸǩ
Ҷó״ˣڵӵ棬˫ǩ״
ʦܣУٵɣ㲻Ķ֡
һγҶ㻹δӦվ˳ֹҶ㣬ɱ
ʦ˵ĶԣٵɣƾʲôҪǩ״ⲻƽ
Ҷ˵ͷһ˼ģ˸оĵĲҧгݣԭΪɱҶ㣬˭֪Ҷʱֿʼԥˡ
ҽʵٵɣܿ˰ɣ
ɱⰻȻԽԽ䡣
УҲŲм澳磬ҪǾʹʹĴ˭ˡ
Ҷһĵģò˸㲻ˣһֲǩһҪ򣬵Ҷ«ʲôҩ
˵βſǩ״
һ۵ϵʬ壬Щ̲סˣɱԽԽŨϣھͿԻɱҶ㡣
ҿԸǩڣڻҪһ֮ǻҾĹ٣ӮˣԴȻ㣬ˣٺ١˼Ҫ۵ġ
ҶٺټˣȻ
ã˵Ҹһµޡ
ʮʹĴӦˣҶһµʱ䣬һ֮˻ս
Ȼˣˡǲͣһ֮ϴòӣո
ҶƣǸϽֲ
뿪ˣߵʱϱʮֲȻúĵӣһٵ裬ȴ޿κΡ
֣϶¿ʵֳôΧۣʦϾҶǩ״
ҺҶͬһ֮ǩ״Ҷ㲻һʱѡ
Щ֮ˣϢܿ촫ݳȥһյʱ䣬ϸһ֮ǩ״Ϣ丮
Ϣܶ˶΢΢һЦмһˣŵӣսĵӣЩΪҶԴ¿ˣȻôӦô׵ս
ҲڵǣһҶˣԴҪ֮֡
ʥӿ϶룬ϸȳ֣б϶ܺһˣֻһԹߡ
֮Ҷ뿪丮һҪǰȣѰ֮ʯɸ¥֮Լ
Ȼ˼ҵĶҶҪȥֳŵһԭ
ҶţɣҪԼѣҶ㲻Сʧ
ȣ
솴ǵĽأκ˶̤㣬дԣ˵ķĹ߽޷߳ȡ
ҶһεĿĵأȣȻʱô˶ΪõԪʼ𵤣Ҳ޸ܡ
ʱ䣬ҶһƬȹǣ˴󣬲Ž͵˻̵ĵط
ҪҪΣգһ棬ɽ룬ѹṳ̂㣬޺Уа֮ûΪ
ܶ˻δȣѾ·ϣǰ˽ٵɽ˵ȫˡ
Ⱦɽ֮УҾַö֪Ϊ˶ˣû˿Իųȥ
ֻ֪һȣݲƣһȣͲԼƿˡ
ҵһʯͷҶûż·ɫ𽥰ʱ˸·
ܲһػ󷨣֮УǱܶǿޣϲϳʳһ޶ϣͷǳ鷳ˡ
ȻȣҶʵСĿǳС
ҹ֮дǺ޳ûɳɳҲڲ˺ҧͷѣɽʯľ졣
ҶסҴһ£оһɼȿֲϢǾŽޣ൱Žٵɡ
һ֣϶֮أҶ㽫ϢȫǸоһǿʶԼɨ
ЩػҶ˿ãǿʶֱӴƿʶҶɨһۣ뿪ƺҶûκȤ
ϾҶʵ̫ˣŽޣһܽҶ㴵
գ
Ҷֱ֪ͨͨʪһƬŽɨ䣬Ƕһս
ƽϢҶҲҴ⣬ͻȻ
һҹʱ䰲ȻȹȻмͷӴ޴Զ߹û߹ֱӸҶˡ
ȵɫȫʱҶһ˵ľȫ
ΪһöԪʼ𵤣ֵֵ
ҶЦһȵΣճ󣬻δȣҶ;˼
֮Ҷ·ĵطǰλַҶֻƾ
һЩģϢҶ㻹ģȣݲʯͷǺɫǱѪȾ죬Ϯڵɫ
죬ĵҶоůģŨҲкܴĹϵ
Ϊɽ˽Ũ洦ɼҩҶ㶼һһȡ
ϧĺҩػҶ㲻һڶʳֻȡһЩݲǺҩ
˴ʱ䣬Ҷ㻹Ǻͷɽת˴һȦûҵȵڡ
¡¡
ͻȻ֮䣬֮һ꼴٣ձһɫڵаϢϿա
׵֮Щ޶ʵ׷׶ԼĶ֮С


1215 
ϵƣҶ㰵ľЩҪԼɽٵʱҪǿ
ĵشһ޴УѾ޿ڣһУʮֿɲ
޿ڵ·Ǿ֮һյأҶ㼸·û룬оһϢ
ȣ
Ҷ˲ˣѵ棬֮أҲֻôаĵطƻۡ
׵ܻһа̫࣬Ļ£Ҳ⵽Ǳġ
ͣҶѸʧԭأеķȥȡҵȵڣڽ棬Ѱ֮ʯ
ԽԽ࣬Щ޶ҳͷҲҶˣԶһЩޣһĳӴ޵ĵ̣϶ᱻ˺ҧķѡ
ƵڻҶ޼ɵʩչת֮䣬Ҷ㿴һ޴ͱڣͱں棬һƬ֮Ǵɢ
ѵȣ
ͱڣҶͱһ޴ĹҲһޣֻҪͱڣӴԺ󣬹
˭Ҳ֪ͱں浽ʲôҶ㿴壬ʶҲ͸ȥ·һƬأһƬ̤Ľء
Ľ˳վҶϣͱڣҲüͷ塣
СӣҪˣҸоﲻѰпܻڴˡ
Ľ׸Ҷѣ˼һһĽҲˡ
֪Ҫʲô𣿡
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦĽʵ
ʲô
ģţһ԰ܣֲӵľ񣬲ߵĸԶߡ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦһСС赲ԼĽŲ̸ɣ̸ʶ۷壬ؼұӵˡ
ûҲֹ㣬ֻǸѣ¶棬ʱֻһ֮䣬ʮʮţκ鶼һȣ϶Ҳڡ
Ľ׵˵ͷֻѣֹľȡҶ㣬ҶĽҲ˵ʲô
ǵҶһѡˣĽ׻᲻һҲҪҶ㡣
İɣﻹаԻͼʲôΣգǶԻͼ棬ܿΣ֮취뿪
ҶĽףҪˣҶϵĵʤô䡣
ԽԽ࣬ƬɵϿգʱ䣬һɫ磬֮УҶ壬ʲô
ߣ
ҶһƹͱڣͱƬɵǰʲôΣڵҶ㣬֮ʲô
ͷ丮⼸һţ˵ħεĳѾڷ
ڸղţһµһǼӹ丮ĽС
ڶǽֹϵʱȥħ˵Χ˫ˣȻӣҲɱ˲ħˡ
һ丮ϵĸ˾ͽѹǸϽƬ˫Ҳ˺Ƥ˺üεĳͻ
ΪһЩԴҲʼ֣ռ̣ণΣ
Ǻ¼壬ʮƽǱʹƣ丮˾ͽƴǺ¼ġ
Ǿǲף丮˾ͽϰˣôͻȻֽ
Ƭվڸǲסܿ˾ͽȡƬݺ丮丮ܵС
Ҫ⵽ħ˵ΧҪӦ˾ͽ壬ĺҲƽūҲʼҪǵƿء
ڣһţ˴лҲɥⳡȨ֮еС

Ҷ̤еʱӭһŨص֮ҶֻסʶҪɢȥȴֻܿɷΧ޷ˡ
ùŹֵĵطĴųȻǿ󡣡
ҶоһǿĴų֮ѵʲô
νĴųǴҶоϵıҪǿĴߡ
СһһǰߣǺɫģһֲݲ֮⣬
ϵ׵һɢȥҲ𽥻ָȻʶֻܵ䵽֮ԶܿԲʮ׵ľ롣
ǰľ֮Ҷ㳹ԭء
һĹҶǰһޱߣű߼ʣĹʾǿߡ
һƬĹ
Ҷ֪ΪνˣԭһƬĹѹֻǿ֮
߽һĹ̻ѲֻйͺͺʯҲ꣬á
һĹҶ㴩ĹĺÿһĹ棬д֮۹
Խߣ֮ŨȵҶתʱȴĵ·ˡ
йŹ֣
Ҷһ飬ĵ·ôˣط·ֻʣԼһˣĹ
򶨣һҪ򶨣
Ҷһƽ˽ŵ֮֮ȻȣҪҵ֮ʯѰҳȥĵ·
ԽԽҶҪշжˣͷ֮ϣһ޷ԽȥһƬ磬·
ӭȣѡһԼĹأ
ҶĹ֮дһʮֱҶʱ
˭װŪ
Ҷȫ䱸ﾹȻˣ˭
ȣֻһ·ǾѡԼĹء
ٴ𣬻ģһ˿ĸ顣
ǹΪβһ
Ҷɱ¾֮ս׼̫أûг·Ҳֱ治򣬷·һƬ֮С
ҲҲǹֻʬˡ
ҶԽԽ˳ķҶ㶨ȥٴһ䡣
߹ľȻһãûѪ⣬ɵüӣﻹһȾϰ߰Ѫ·ǵħ
㵽Ǻηôȡ
Ҷ㺹ëһüӾȻԼ˵ֱ̫ˡ
ҲˣҲǹֻˡ
ԽԽϵëȻ
Ȼ㲻˵Ҿ㡣
Ҷ㲻ԥΪǿɱ¾֮һɨŭնȥ־ɱһ
ϣ
ĽҶоֱ۷飬㽫ɱ¾֮ɳȥ
ʲôô˼Ӳ
Ҷһ˵ϣԼֱ΢΢ٵɣҶһҲƿķ
ղȫһõĽŲδֹôܡ
һһ֮ɢֱҶ꣬ҶͻȻоһʹþȻܲٿ˵ꡣ
ۣ֮
Ҷۣ֮֮ųȥ꺣Żָ
һ㶣ƺû뵽֮ȻҶֵˣǾŽٵɽܲס֮ᱻʴ꺣
ߣ
ȻУҶ㲻ٶطȥ뿪˵أ̫ˡ
ݡ
﷢һӿµ鷢ˣЩĹ棬һѿӵһǼܣа֮ˡ


1216 
ҶҪ뿪˵أЩĹһüӣſֱۣҪҶ

һͷóҶץ£һ𿪣ֱٴһ飬Щǰʵʮֿɲ˼꣬ۻ֪ǰʵôǿ
ܾۼԽԽ࣬ҶͷƤ飬ѵҪڴ˵𣿸һΪһݹǣ
֮
Ҷʩչ֮һúɨȥֱӽ֮ɣſյĹҶʩչ˻֮ʧԭء
ɱףҶЩˣһ޼ʶǷĹôӵһ㳯ƺõĺܽ
֮⣡
Ҷʩչ׵֮ʱ䣬춼ףЩƺЩ׵Ȼ޷ֹǵĽŲڳҶ㿿
䣡
汻һ޴ӣðɺɫѪˮʮа񣬸Ũ֮һƬء
Щñ׵ֻ֮ǻ˻Σ޷˼˵ǽˣҶһ𣬳һӱܣϣҵһȫش
ҶߵӵԽԽ࣬ҶķΧռС
дӡ
һö޴Ƴˣֱ£Щ߹Ӳĳһ֮ϣһޱȾ޴ӡЩñѹ֮󣬷׷Ҷ㿿
Щʲôа֮
ҶааħħѪħʵȵȣȴûм˹ĶɱҲɱȫǲ
ɱ¾֮Ľ׵ģվҶϣһ޼ʵãĽڿٵ˼Ҷ취
Сӣʲôã˹Ƴġ
ĽͻȻƺ뵽ʲôЩƣҲǴ˵֮е
ϰףʲôѵﻹħڣ
Ҷ㲻֪ħ˵һЩһЩϹû˵֮䣬ħ
ħǻۣħһرǿĹ֪ҪȽħǿٱ
ħֻǿһЩ似ãطħȣԶ
пܣȹƾΪ֮ɱ֮Ƴһĵزͻᱻħգɾħʱؾͻ䣬ÿħ֮ʱ
Ľ״µ
ħ칷ʳ£һ仰
˵Ĺ򣬾ۼԽԽ࣬һһ㣬ҶΧ
ֻҵħѨܶĹҵȥ·
Ľ׸Ҷ㽨飬һֱͣ綼ᱻɱ
ҵħĳѨ
Ҷüͷ壬ããޱߣȥѰħѨҵ֮ʯ˳ҵڡ
˳ŴųߣųԽ֤¿϶Ӱһ޴ɽħϲǴųԲѡط
Ľ׽Ҷ˳ŴųȥѰң˾롣
ã
Ҷ㲻˼ֱӾ˳ŴųķȥѰħڡ
ҪҶûв´ʼֳãħҲרոˣɱ֮£ãԹ֮ڴˣħա
似֯һҶʮͷһ䣬ʧԭأ֮ʩչ˼¡
һ·֮赲ҶĽŲüҶ䣬Һۣ֮ܿͨߣֻܿʮ׵ľ롣
ÿûҶͻǰ֪ԤУܵһʱܿΣ
һʱ䣬Ҷо˫ޱȳأųʼӰƶٶȣԽԽųĵشˡ
ûдϢʱ䣬Ҷٴʧԭأ뿪ãһͷ֣ų﷢ХӰҶꡣ
ͫ
Ҷٴֵֹۣ֮Ľ꺣Ҷֻ˵ء
ͻȻǰ洫磬һǵסҶĽŲǰһ֮ͱڣ濴ֻģģ
۵ԽԽ࣬ҳ˺üͷһͷҶͷۣüͷ֣ҶֻĿԼˡ

ҶͶ·ʱͱ֮ϣǵм䣬һֱ۴ϸҶ£쵽һͷ
ԽԽ࣬ͷЩ겻֪˶ˣڴˡ
Щն֮УɢīɫĻ棬մϣ總֮ң޷˦ʹһ
ƴˣ
ҶûѡأҪͱڶ棬һ·Ǹģƽ֪
ҽ̤֮ϣΪﲻܷУҶֻƽ⣬ߡ
̤һ̣Ҷ֪ûлͷ·ˣΪ·Ҳˣ·磬ҶǶ
ǰǵɽ𺣣ҶҲҪȥÿһҵҡΣҶҡҰڣ˵ҡҡ׹
һ϶֮أͱ棬֪ڶʬǣǰ˶ȹֱˤȥһʬ塣
Ǵɢ̤ͱʬǿʼվܶ඼ǲȱȫȱ첲ȣǵȥˤϡ
͡
Ȼ֮䣬ҶоĽԼϮǴ޾֮Ҷ׽͸
ƣ
Ҷ㳤һɨɣҶͻȻһΣ⽣̫ǿ󣬲㽫Ҷɳȥ廹һֱ³ȥ
Ʈ
Ҷʩչ˺ܾûõƮһƸëͻȻƮȥֱץס˰ϡ
գ
Ҷ㰵һҪԻͼˣΪųĹϵɱ¾֮⣬Ҷκζ
ǿĴųеĶҶʧȥ˶Դָĸ֪ɱ¾֮ǱҶôܵѹơ
ҶҲұ֤뵽˰Իͼܰȫȥһӣֱ
𣡡
ֱͻȻ˫ٴβ֮ϣһҶС˺ܶ࣬ɾ룬ôùġ
ͱʬǾܿܶ඼ǾŽٵɵʬǣǶȥҶǲҴ⡣
֮ۻҶ㿴Ķ棬һڵĶڣ·궼ɵ
ӦþڣųǴ淢ħпܾǱ
Ľ׸ҶѣħѾͣҶȥҲѰ·
Ҷħ֮УһѣһٸҶҲħɱõİ취ҵ֮ʯѰҵȥĵ·
ǰһֵǹӰ֣׷׹Ҷ㣬ҶϾٽһ

Ҷٲά裬һ޷ܿɲĹ
ֶƵ޷ֵ֮дֹĹ
ֻˣ
֮£ҶѡҶ֣һֵһǰٶ˲١
ȻǰȫԴӡ
һҶ൱ٵɣһʵȻȲϾŽٵɣۺʵ١
ԽԽϳָֻ棬磬ëȻҶ뵽˾


1217 Թ
ҽ棬˴˻Ҷҵһ˿ᡣ
Ҷѱ޾Ĺ䣬ĹٿأȻγɣͲúõĽơ
һΣǰ̤һǺһ˲ٹͬʱˣƺǵһΣԺܶ๥޷жϡ
Ų̤֮ʩչ˼£ȫֲĸǱ壬ĸǷ˽ƣҶڳᣬǰͻ
ȫɺϣҶƬﲻֵزĸ֣һ۾ֱܷ
õƬ֧֣һЩƬŽٵ涼޷ֱˡ
ͱϵĺڶԽԽԣ޾ĺɫ쫷磬ЩҶͷо䡣

Ҷ˻֮֮ӳԼϣŵֵϮ
ԽߣҶľԼӵۣ֮ǲ֮֮ǿҲڴˡ
ֵܼڣǽңҶִ򣬶ǿĿơ
ڵĶڣֻ֮ңҶס似֯һž޴Ҷ㱣һ䣬ֱӳɾ롣
ģ
Ҷµһ̣ӭһǿֱӻҶĵһֱӻɳȥ

Ҷ弱µʧȥ岻ܿƣ֮£ɱ¾֮ʯ֮УŶס塣
̶һʱ䣬Ҷһüβɥ
ס֮󣬴ϢһҶʮָðֱӲͱ֮Уһ
ʮʱ䣬ҶٴڶڣһС˺ֳ֮ܶ࣬⣬ûиղŵ
ܺڣֲָ֮⣬ܲκζ
ۣ֮ڵĿռ䣬ҶҲܿһЩѨ֮Уһ֮·𸯳ʬ塣
űӣҶ̤ڶ֮УֶζԽԽŨŻ
ǽ֮ϣ䶯֮УҽеȻǻˣ˶ǽϣзһֱûѾԹˡ
Ѿûˣֻʣ޾µУ޷ȥһ÷ֱɷ
ЩҽУѣëȻ
а񣬾Ȼ˷ԼݱԹ飬ʱ޿ͷſɲ
ǽԽԽԹ飬ҶѾԼˣÿһͷħĵʬǶѻɡ
˺ѷεĲҽҶ̲סҪȥҲΪ˻ųȥҶǿסұ٣ʲôΣ٣¸֪
˵Ҷ㣬㾭˪µĽףоһģЩԹγɵԹԴݻһ˵ꡣ
ҶԪޱǿ֮ػʯûܵԹʴǲһֱܱȥ
ֻҪҶ̨һ˿ЩԹͻ͸ȥռҶ壬Ҳɸһ
ڶ·ޱ޼ʣҶҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ʥѾʪ͸ˣ֪ҶĶǺˮ
һսҪҶղŻҪ򱶣ԷعҶԼвУԹ飬ɫһ롣
Ҷоʱ޿̲ЩԹڿ޺ڷŭź

ҶͻȻ˫ֱͷڵϣһĲҽо걻ʲôסˣʮʹࡣ
ɣɡ
Ҷ꺣УһҪҶ㳼
ͻҶ˫ȾȻʹվǽȥ
Ľ״ʧɫҶ߲ϵĺҶţĽ׵Ľʮľǽڡ
࿿ǽڷֽһĶһմϣҶͳײܰˡ
Ľ׼ˣܵҶͷϣҶͷץϣãϧҶȫľˣ岻ԼĿơ
ԪԽԽֱ治ԭеɫҶĳ٣뵽ޱߵĺڰС
ǽֻм֮ңˣĽ̾ϢһʣѵҪʹ˳
Թ鿪ʼЦǽϵӿ䶯ٶȣֱӽҶȥ
ҶҪմǽڵʱ򣬻꺣öɫķ˸һ£һǿĽɫˣҫԲڶˡ
Լ˳ƯҶǰɢԣɫĹâȥǽЩԹ鷢Ĳҽ
ҶͻȻָɣƯԼǰĽɫЩţöѾǵһξˡ
ʲôӷư֮ܵ󣬾ͱӣҶʵԽԽǿ󣬷Ҳø貣·ҲԽԽ
ɫâ֮ǽ䶯һڻԹ鶼ʧȻܲסʴ

ƯԼǰĽɫҶ㳹ԭأԭԼõıԭ
ö֮Ҷ̻ҪãԹ飬ǷԼ˽١
תӣҶֱȥһֱƯͷ֮⣬ڶοһ
ЩԹ֮ͳͳʧĲҽʧǽҲָ
ڶף˷ҫߺһֱ졣
ɢ´һƵ·ݷһͷ޴ħ
ڵ̾һ޴ħ̥ڲϵ䶯γɣɢ޾ȳ֮
ϰף˵ħʲô̶ˡ
ҶΪ滺ŵϵĽʵ
Ľ׸ղһֱڳ˼ҶͻȻ񣬿ʼɨܣҲܵ˵´ǹļµ
Ӧû֮ܽƻӻħѵʱ䣬ҲǸȡһЩᡣ
ħĿ£Ľױκ˶Ƿ磬һħϮ϶Ϳ̿Ҫɽ磬ȻνħǿҲǿѹ
ֻҪħѣ˽٣ȻƬ棬϶ᱻħͬӴԺֻħʹ
ƻ
ҶЦһҡҡͷȥһ⣬̸ƻ
Ҳûģöõָ·ƣһᰲȫĳȥ
Ľ׿һҶͷϵķ΢΢Щ仯
ϰףѵ֪ö
Ҷʵղž;òԾֵʱϰ׾Ͳһ£ƺʮ־¡
֪
ĽҡҡͷǷȥ룬ҲֻԼϹ°ˡ
ҶҲ׷ʣȻĽײ˵϶ĵһ죬Ҷ⿪еյס
ǰ·ԽԽǽ䶯Ҳ𽥼٣Ҷû뵽»һ
̳棬ϲԵľ˵ʬ壬ĻǳʺϹ̳
ֹ̳ϲʳ裬ռԺͻʧȥ꣬һǣ̳ٿأɸӿµĶ
ûй̶壬似˵˿ãõİ취깥


1218 ħ̥
ܵĵЩ̳ĳҶ˹ҪʳҶ꣬
ɵҶߣͻȻɢ⣬Ҷһµа֡
Щ̳淢һҽУͨ޷ֵˣΪ̳ɫǾһſȴʵʵĴڣ׵ľ֮С
Ĺ̳棬Ҷ֪һβǷԼֹһΣҷظڡ
ǰֻ̣̳һƬ䵽֮󣬱͵Һ壬ɢŻζ
ٶҶ룬оӦúܽˣųѹԽԽҶÿһʮּѣ£ʲô
ڽ֮£Ҷһ޴ĵԹһ磬ɭɲ޾Թһ֮ߵɽ
ɽ֮ϣɢ⣬⾹ȻǺɽһ˴һĽ׼̾
СӣлὫɽȡľѲϣôһ飬ð˱٣ҲԽɽȡͻƵĵز
Ľ˷ֻܵһ֮ңȱϣ㹻ȫԽĵز
ȲżǸоﲢ򵥡
Ҷ㰵Խ䱸£ħħһУҶ㻹ûҵ֮ʯ
Թʮ־޴󣬴ɢɺɫĹâѵħ֮أ
ǹȥ
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֮ۻֱӿ͸Ҷ㿴һһĻ
ħ̥һޱȾ޴ħ̥
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ҶˣħĵҪˣʮ˵ѪγɣԹ飬Թһ𣬲ܼħĳɳ
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Ҷ㲻Ҳˣ۷̥ûмĶһ־壬ˣҲ޷⡣
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ҶҲˣ֪ô죬ħ̥϶ҿһױħ̥սȥ֮ʯħ̥档
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Ҷ㼤Ѫ֮ڷı˫֮ϣһۼףʮֿɲһ١


1219 վ
ҶͻȻɽ֮ϣǧ֮ͻȻһĲסɽ

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Ҷ˲ָһĲ԰֮ɫʩչԪһּսղѾܵѾС

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ҶޱȾȵǣȱ滹дĿߴݽˮѵǳȥڣ
˼Ҷֱȱ֮У洫磬ЩҪů͵Ķöࡣ
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һ֮ҶӺӵð˳һ³Ŀ۹䵽ϣ˿̣Ҷ㾹Ȼ͡
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1220 ݰ¶
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ڻߵ޺УһͻޣѰ·
ɣǣҪҵһ԰ȫĵطĺѣ¥ԼĶøҶ㣬ǸҶѩ̿


1221 ֮
ƴȥҶ֮ϣȻǴŵ
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֮ϣǽԻͼ
ٴȣ֮羹Ȼ׺ƸҶ˻֮кܴĹϵҶԽԽŨ

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ܺãɾָտɴ
Ƴ֣Ҷ㰵ϲֻо׽Խ࣬ɾĿҲ
ŹƣҶӿӡٶȣХܣγһ磬ð˱ʼת
ãǴ˿̣ܲͻٵɣͿ˾ˡ
ҶҲ׽·ó֮ʯ׼֮ʯԼͻٵɡ
ԭҶȡƬϣͻƾ磬ϴε֮丮ণʧȥһҪס
ֻܵһ䣬Ҷ취ȥȡƬˡ
ǰҶ֮ʯÿԲ֮һԽͻƾ硣
֮ʯ֣ܵȻ½Ľ׼ԶԶߣС׸аŮֱӷУ岻ϵĺˣ˼ףŸܲǹϢ
ס֮ʯŨ֮ҪʴҶĻ꺣ռꡣ
СС֮Ҳռҵ
Ҷʶһʱ֮ѹʱ׽£ֱӻа˱
Ҷվڸ֮£Щ֮ҲսϣҶܿ촥ٵɵƿ
򣬰ᣡ
Ҷһɨ֮ʯǿаֱ뵽֮Уʱ䣬Ҷ׹ߣȫ䡣
һ޴Ҷ֮УҪʳѪ⣬ҶоԼڿʧ
ǿ֮
Ҷǰľܽƾͻᱻ֮ͬһͷûǡ


1222 ٵ
֮ʱ޿̲ʴҶ壬޴֣εռҶ壬ƯھϿգɢ֮
һ˿˿ħ֣ǿ֣һ֣е⾳Ƿ򣬻ǵ⣬һ档
ԵȪħõƾһƹ˵Ϊħϵ
֣Ȼֻһξ룬Ҳ֮ӵħ־Ҳħʼ档
ҶܽͿƹ˵ֻҪֵע֮ҩҲ֮ǿ
Ҷ㶳û䣬̫֮ǿ󣬶Ľٵɣǿö֮ʯΣ֮
ڶģûк֮·ϾǸľҶݲһ˿ʧ
ʱһһʧҶɢ϶īɫʮѾŤ֤˼ʹࡣ
ҶҪֶ룬־ٿԼħֽħ棬֮ȫһ˿˿ˣǿнѹ

Ҷ㷢һŭͷϵ׵ԽԽܼ˱Ѿ˽ɽ編ѾĳΡ
ղŽ׵ϴ񣬴ɽ֮ţɽ編򱻸գ뼺Ѿ̻·
ֵ֮õѹʮֲʣһ񳱣Ҫ忪ħ棬Ҫ뿪Ҷ壬
Ҷ־ѹס֣֮໥һ򣬱Ҷħգ뵽֮С
˳֮𽥼Ҷ㿪ʼռϷ磬Щ
ΪʧȥҶҪУ֮øǿ
һһ٣νһغ壬Ϊ׼ҶͻȻһƺץʲô
ûһĽҲһĿʼһֱȥ֮֮
ҶéٿһֱΪǵģ˿̲ĺ壬һһˡ
һֱƽģһȻİأȱһɡ
Եһ֮ͻᵼƽ⣬п֮ٿҶ㡣
벻ˣޣаħȵȣֻأˣΪһ
ԪҵС丮ƣתһǰһЩѣɵĵ·ϣߵĸԶ
ԽԽ࣬Ҷ㿴һոµڵܿ죬Ͻһļ룬ҪƵ
죬︴գݳݺɣʢʱ̣Ҷڲ֮Ҳ֮
ӤһҲǺ֮棬֮֮С
ҶҪԼ
һö̥ˣҶ㾹Ȼص̥֮Уתһ
ǰ£ҶԺһһȹˣѣˣǵӰӣȫҶԺУǵЦݣǵףҶͷʡ
ҲҶעµĻ
ǵһʽҲСݣСҲһ򵥵ףḳǿ
ֱø貣ƺҶ㣬Ψͬڣ档
̣
ҶͻȻоߴ̥ܵѿ޴ļķѣҶȻ˳վ֮Уʮִ࣬ûһ˿а֮һ
׽ٽˣ֮ʯҶٵɣҲõתҶַ֮֮
ͨ׽ٸвҶ㣬һа˱ΪػǲҶ㡣
͵֮ţҶ㿪ʼɽ編ÿһɽ編򣬶ޱȴ׳һ㣬׷ױҶץ£
ĵȻǰ˱кܶɽ編򣬶ͬˣҶմ˹⡣
Ľ׿ɽ編۾ˣֱӳ˳Ҳԡ׹֮С
Ȼÿһα׵죬ʮʹ࣬Ҳʹš
ɽ編Ȼֻ֮еõɽϿɣܳΪˣÿһ򣬶ֱ۴ϸҶץ
꣬˾κˣٵɣתһԪͷǳˣ󲿷ֻԪ
Ҷ㣬ԪҲ߳ϣ𾪵ǣƾһͳͨٵɡ
ɽ֮ԽԽ󣬸ӿҶֱӴ򿪾ħ컯̫
ҺһϺˮһɫӣħУγһЩ㹻Ҷһʱˡ
ҶԼǴڴڵתԪ
ԪԽ࣬ȻҲԽǿ󣬺ܶߣתԪٶʮֻ͵¾Ȼȥˣʵȴô
﷢ŭѾݣѾһ磬Ҷ֮еĻ춴ѾҲǳΣһ硣
֮Щľ׷׿ԪݱĳҲǻһ㣬
ǿ֮ҪԪҪǿҶȭͷһ󣬸оԼһٵɡ
׵ƺҶƬϣҪ
Թ׵磬ҶϰΪһͻƣҲǿ٣ٵ۷ˣֱ߽ٵɡ
ϲ֮Ҷƣ߽ٵɣҲԱ֮ˡ
ɽ֮ųٳٲܺϣҶҪȡɽ編򣬻춴Ҫȹ̣ٲɽ編
һ׳ķҶ뵽֮УҶڽڽʸߣơ
ٵɣѾһַ˼ĵز߽ٵɼҪա
һʱ䣬ɽ֮ŲŻϣҶȡ֮ɽ編
Ӷĸ࣬һɫӣھħʡ
Ҫʱ򣬼һЩҺΪɵļʽӡ
ҶҲûģóܶҺС׻ааŮȥȡս
˱ȫͣҶһУصҶƸǣէһۿ
Ҷ֪˱һξ룬ܵԽ࣬ɳĿռҲԽ
һʱ䣬ҶڰԻͼҲһ֮ˣȥʮ졣
Ǹӣɱ¾֮ü
ϰף׼𣿡
ͻƵٵɣǵӦ֣ʱҲ̺ܶ࣬ư˱һµʱ䡣
Сӣʼɣ
ϰЩȲˣղ˲ɽ編ȹ̣ϣɽ֮ܳɹĵز
ʯ֣
ĥҶõ˽ʯһֱûʹãϴβ㱻ʥȫҺýһЩҪĶھħ֮УŶһ١
޴ĽʯҶһֽ⣬ͻΪҺ壬뵽ɱ¾֮УǵҶ㣬Ѳǵħʲôͷ࣬Ѿʼط


1223 ʧ֮
ư˱ӣɱ¾֮˺ܶ࣬ʯ֮󣬵ڶɽƯ
ʵҶǼ򵥣ʱ䣬֮ȫ
ʣµʱǴĥȥɱ¾֮С
ɱ¾֮Ѿʶɽ֮ѹͲôҶģֻҪӡɡ
ĽԼɽɽȥȫ
ʮ֮ߵɽգۼĹ򣬾ͱĽײʳһգʱ䡣
̫ãĽ͵˽ϧ޻ᣬһγĻ
ˡ
ø޳ɱ¾֮ɢɲ֮ɱ¾־
ĽڳŰռи֧飬Ļ֮紵ͻȻɡ
ͻȻı仯ҶΪ֮һȫ
ѵĽҪ
ؿʼ仯Ҷ㰵Դ⣬ظڱ仯Ԣд¼ҪڳĽ׽֮⣬ҶҲ벻
ɽڣɱ¾֮ںһһǿĽƲ񷣬ֱ
꣡
ԶһɽͻȻնϣĽֱһΪ
Բۣ
Ҷ˫ð⣬ɱ¾֮ɽȻʮûֹͣҲˡ
֮ϣƣɱ¾֮һ׽һģһѵֻɽע⣿
һҶﲻæɱ¾֮Լ˭ҲﲻһжҪԼܲܳΪͿԼ컯ˡ
䡭
һ׵ɱ¾֮ϣĻ𻨣ϳѷ죬׽٣ѾҲ̶á
֮ϣɢһɫâ׵ϮΪһδξ׵ϴٴα١
飬⣬ɱ¾ֻ֮޾ɱ¾־ɱ¾ɱ
Թɱ¾֮һֱݣ˴νѾų⣬Ҫ֮
ɱ¾ʬǧ
׵ԽԽܼɫ׵ˣÿһˮͰϸҶվԶΪĽװġ
һβܰȫȹŪû
ɽʧܣֲҶȥ£ǵ
޾׵磬Ľһδηֵ֮׵ɵ֮Уȡ󷨡
֮£ҶֻýӡӳĽףһɹ˽١
ҶĽ׵ѹ˺ܶ࣬׵粻ʹ˷̼죬һˮ״ϸ׵£ɱ¾֮һǺϵ
ʱ䣬ܿϵ֯һҪɱ¾֮û
˱֣
׵磬Ҷԥļ˰˱Ư֮ϣֵһ׵磬ܻĽ׵ѹ
˰˱ļ룬׵ѹڼˣĽ׿ʼɽ֮ſʼ򿪣һɽ編£йơ
Ʋ֮Уɺ׳¥У
Ҫ𣿡
ҶЩţͻȻֵľ˫ȭĽ׸Լˣ鼫
ЩӰ֮ɱ¾֮֮ϣһ⣬ǵõɽϿɣ⻪
Щƿ£ɱ¾֮գȻ֮䣬һâ֣
־ܿʧʧˣڴʱ޾֮ϣ̽һֻ֣ɱ¾֮¡
û뵽ָ꣬ˡ
䣬һֱɱ¾֮ϣǵ
ϰף
Ҷ㻯Ϊһ⣬ʧԭأɱ¾֮һ޴ʯϣ棬һ˿Ѻۡ
ͺñȣһŮϣһĿһ
ǡˡ
Ľ׵ҶĻ꺣𣬸ղͻȻֵľ֣ĽʮϤ
˭
Ҷ㾯ղֻҲˣϴγֵ£һƺĽʮϤ
ˣղҽʱ򣬱ˣҪһ𡣡
Ľε˵û뵽ۿҪɹȴһ񣬲ã֮УȻɽ編ֻһ˾磬һЩ
ֻҪҵһЩϣ֮޸лصĳ̶ȡ
ϰףǰһֱʣ׵귢ʲô飬ΪҪ뷲䣿
ҶΪǰȥ͹ȥˣûбҪᣬû뵽飬Ҷ㲻ò
˵ΪһȰͱΪжģֱӴ乬磬һӵϡ棬乬Ժ󣬻ɥʧ˽Ȩ
Ϊˣ˭֪ȻΪ֮ģһҸǧ꣬Ŵ뷲䣬𡣡
Ľ׻ǰҲĺ֮
İɣȻӵҲģܵ˺һ취ֲ֮
Ҷ㱣֤Ҷ֮ˣܷκ飬Ҷ㶼Լͬ顣
ɱ¾֮֮Уʼʧȥ˽ĻᣬҶҲջĶ࣬ҲǻԵûǲôһЩ
һУҶҲ֮ˣѾȥʮ죬սüޡ
򿪶Ĵţһһֱվڶ֮⣬ƺڵȴҶ㡣
ϲ⹫ӳأ
ǣ
ҶЩɻô֪Լչء
ĽСˣ֪⹫ӳأٴ˵Ⱥϣ⹫ӲҪ⡣
Լһԭ¥ߵˡ
ǰͷˡ
ҶʾлԷ˿Ҷ㶼˼ˡ
ӦģСԸˣֻҪ⹫ӳأʹ뿪ΪСڱչأ޷Գͷ⹫ӣ빫Ӽ¡
ʮֿҶ
лл¥лҵĶ
Ҷ㱧һȭʾл¥õ֮ʯҲʼչȥˡ
⹫ӣɣƣԺƾƣȻԳͨ裬ص鷢
˵꣬ߴӻóһöƣҶ
Ҷԥһ£ǽӹˣϾԺչҶҪΪԺ㣬ɣùϵûл
ǣ
ӹ֮ҶֱתȥʱȣҪϻ丮¿ʵ
⹫룡
ԽҶͳһ·϶ǹ
ڣ
̤ĴţҶֱӳɣȥĿ丮

˿ѾΧ۲ˣһ½½˸ΪϸĵŵӣҶⳡϷ
ȻϲôȥˣħϮǰҿߣɽ֮С
ܿͱΧˮйֻͨʣһˣĳֻܿЦ
丮ƺĬˣҲϾ˼£ҵ֮丮ȥܣֻҪǺľκŶƹ㡣
丮ϲҲæýͷöһӦħˣи˾ͽϣǸϽƬ
˫ս丮ϲ㶼ﻹʱЩëƤС¡
ôãˣǸڻû֣Ǻ˲ҳ˰ɡ
һʱ䣬ԼսʱѾˣڻδҵȵòͷˡ


1224 
Ѿ˵ȵòͷˣͣû֣ҶΪˣԲվ
ʦ֣һǺˣ֪޴ء
Ⱥ֮У˷һĴ󲿷ֶϸĵӣҪνռΪС
ûһͷڹˣҳӦս
һһɫࡣ
о֮Ϊ˱սΪĵӣȴʲôæҲﲻϣܲܡ
һֵı飬֮ϣʥӵӰӣȻǺĵӸŵ֮ʱ丮̫ˣѵЩӣҶĴ򶷡
ֻһ˲żȻվ㳡λãһ֮ǰĽ죬ҶԼӡ
һϸ֮Ѿ˫ϵע⣬ݣֲò룬ֻʣˣվéӲʺ̣϶顣
ҪסԼԴۡ
Ҫ丮ˣ粢ϸΣ
ȻҲˣһ֮УһжԼ
˵ЦˣʣһˣҲò˼꣬һٴη׳󡣡
֮ԱǣȻȣѾûĲįˣǺϲǾܡ
ѼӲ鵽ʱ㻹ǲϳϣֻʣˣռôһƬطдƬҩ԰˹ǻķϣϸԴţݲÿ԰ᵽ˫ϲֶΪ
Ȼż֮ɫ
ˣƹ˽죬ֻʣһˣսһҪĴۡ
һ䣬˵
ģֻҪͲκ˺ϲѾյӵĿֻͣҪƽϢ϶Ա
Ѿյӵһ丮һյӣһ⣬Եյӡ
һҲ׳丮ڶʧôˣ丮Ҳһֳ裬ҪĻָ
ĸศɣȱһɣӦĸλȱһλ丮ǳ
㳡ϾۼԽԽ࣬һһ㣬ϣǽͷϣϣӰ
˰ɣ򲻻ˡ
ɺ׼뿪ˡ
ʱ䣬ܴ󳰷иЦģиĻʲô̰ͷڹĻ׷״
ಣ
ڴҿҪߵʱ֮ϳһ⣬һӰ֮£ǰ
˼ʱ䣬ʦ־õˡ
µҶ㣬ǺŵЦ⡣
Ҫֻһʱѡ
Ϊ⣬ⲻһĽ֡
ʦ־ô϶ɱң
ҶЦԽԽŨ˵ûͻƾ磬ĽٵɵʵսٵɣҶ㻹ûаա
ƾԿնɱҶڵ򣬺ܶǼùģսʱ򣬵Ȼȫá
ͻƵٵɣƾͿԿˣڼ似ɱ¾֮Ҷİվͻӡ
ǿ϶һ
Ҷ˵һĳ裬ԼˣɱˣܱǱЦ˴
ȻˣͲطϻǩ״ɣ
Ҷó˫ǩԼӡ״γɣ˫ݡ
СӻеȻĳˡ
Ⱥ֮Уٴը˹ҶΪ򲻻֣˭֪ĳˣֱǩ״
ԼԹñˡ
ΪѰ·֪Ҫƫƫײ
ǿδأѵûѾͻƵٵ𣿡
һĵ˵ҶϵϢȻȹٵɡ
ôܰҼǵһǰҲٵɰɣŲµʱ䣬ͻƵٵɣ̷һöʲô
ѣҲϸߣȻͻƵٵɣʱ䣬ɹɣѵ̷ɹ
Ŀ׷״Ҷ㣬ǲ⣬Ҫ֪Ҷϻûɹ
УһһеĴۣҲҪ֮
ûУҲҪҵֹӣʵڲУŴȥѰңҲҵ
ܵĿ⣬ҶֻЦҲãҶΪԼ̷ĳֹӣÿڸԼݡ
üͷһ壬ۣܵȻҲע⵽ˣҶһʱ䣬ͻƵٵɡ
Ľٵɵʱ򣬾նɱٵɣڵٵɣ֪ܲٴδ漣նɱٵɡ
ְɣ
Ҷɱ¾֮ɢɹ⡣
ﾹȻ
ɱ¾֮һȺ֮Уٴαֻɢɹ⡣
ԣһܿռ䶼ŤⲻӽĴڣӣֻҪһһ׼ˡ
Ҳۼ֮ˣһЩŵϾЩӶ
丮ʥ֮УвӵƷȻܸ丮֮ȣҲǲɶõı
񱦾а뵶ǴɽʹģԼƵͬµɽӡǸΪ⡣
ʲôʺˣͻƣõһⳡսЩˡ
ӵɱ¾֮¹˭֣Ĳ˵
Ҷĳüͷٴ΢΢һ壬ȻҲЩȣһǱڵв
ˢ
ҲԼ彣ҲһıӽҶɱ¾֮ȣ³ˡ
ɱ¾֮ĽֻǱǿд䣬һ˿ڣһȱ
̶һʱ䣬ҺܶྪȣҪɱңƾЩǲҾ͸ˣĲ࣬ġ
һһɲϢ֣׵ɣƷǷһХҶϯķУѾ似ķ롣
֮壡
ҶһЦȻԭ˽֮塣
ڽ޵У˽ԣǿһ֣֮ܿһУڽϣͶһ޼᲻ݵ
ɫľЦϯض𣬾ˣǿռۿɼٶȣ׷ѿϸ졣
е˼
ҶЦһɱ¾֮һɨûʲôʽʤУöҲһɫԳˡ
ȽԣҶ˽֮Ƭǽ֮ʼ棬İ廹з򣬾κν֮ϡ
ôܣҲ˽ԣ
ԭΪԽѹ˭֪Ҷһ֣Ҳչ¶ӴĽԡ
ȻսֻҪ©еƣҶչ¶һЩ츳϶õ丮ӣõĽӴ߲㡣
ϣ
ײ۳һĿĹâһγͣһЩֱƷɳȥǲ㲨ƣΪĳʱ䣬Żֹͣ


1225 ӡ
˸岽һ̽˫˭ҲûռϷ硣
ǱˣҶ㲻ٵɣһ磬Ҳ˵Ҷ˿ٵɵʵ
ʦ֣ЩʧŶ
Ҷһ˲Ҫı飬֮սǣҲһսַ
ֻǿʼһ⡣
øҶĥƤӣһɫľٴγ֣ɲĺХ֮㺧ˣҶû
㳡Χ˲䱻һգ㹻ĵطһεĽͻȻ㳡ȫǡ
ٵɣһս϶ǻأᲨܵĽںܶطнػ
Ȼ߽ٵɣҲѺ㳡Ĺ֣Ҷ档
ԶϮҶ㲻˷ɱ¾֮ٴն£һĽ֣ɫɢĹâڸס£˲佫ƴѹȥ
ȻҪսҶսףƾɱһҶɱ
˸ɱһˣɲаħһϢϵʯȻڱɫܲסɱ¾־Ϣ
ʲôϢΪ˿ֲ
վڽ棬һܸܵսϢҶͷųɱ¾֮֮ʱ򣬲ɫ䡣
˵ǣɫ䣬ɱһнУĽ˲䱻߽⣬ܲס
ɱһǽܸ٣еĽУںϳһҲ֮ףб档
е˲䱻߽⣬ɫܲס֮׷߽⣬ĲҽУ־ʱ޿̲ʴꡣ
֮£һ䣬ϣͻȻһȣ򣬿ҵ͹ˣǽһҪ
ףƬ쳹˷
̶һ仰쳹˵ͷɱǿ֮ò˶Ĥʹ
һЩϢٵɣһѪ³׷׳Զĵطߡ
ҵҪʦɱҡ
ҶҲһȣȴһƴϢǣ˲䣬ֻ˸ϼֱһͻȻݱһ硣

콵ЩĽ֯һγһ޾ƥ۳һž޴ֱӽе·Ҷֱٴα仯תֶ½㣬γһƬ澰
ͻһĻٴ𾪣չ¶ʵȫٵɣȷ̷һöɹ˵
飡
ƥݺݵ׹£ɫѹ촷ۣ׵Уܲסɱ¾־Լ֮о궼ܵʴ
䣡
˳ȥĳʼϲˣٵɣϸĵӣȻһŵӸɳȥ̫˼ˡ
˿𾪵ĻǴ֮еļλǶǰ˽ٵɣʵǿȻܿҶҪǿֹ
ҶƲӲеУҲȫǣ־ɱ¾־ʮֻңЩҵĵ⣬ƫƫҶܺܺõļԦͲ˼ˡ
ֵǵ͹ҶʵеĳֻһȻҶֱնϣΪ
ֳ׷ˣĳҶնϣôܣķ룬ĳʲôΪǿ
һĳҲóۣǶˡ
Ҷű֮ɫϾԳ
һǼĹҶ˲ߴһλ£һһ᲻κεȤ
һз̫죬ļ˵˼άҪܶ౶Ȼԭأ˼
ĵӱһŵӴϱɳȥһ⡭
Ҫɱ㣡
ɫŤ˻ǺĵӣʱҲ˼ɲʲôӣֻɱ򣬲ƽϢеŭģǵȫ丮棬ݺݵһ⡣
˵Ҹо֣ѵˣǩµԼ𣿡
ҶЦļ֮ɫǿһСһе
ʦ֣㲻Ҫŭˣڹսʱ
һϸĺĵӴĺȵһƴַŭоѹ
ʱŷӦҶһֱŭԭսܳܣΪǺĵӣ̫࣬䲻𣬶ͬŵӣˣҲӦ
Եĳ֮ͷ˾תˣЩӦ˷ŭ֮⣬벻κζ
ҳϱ㼤ŭˣɥʧǣǽһ
ɫָ糣ȴ˸ɱѾʮֵɱ⡣
ΣָǣȻ
Ҷ˫ĮȻ˫֮嫣ͦΣһµƷӵ
ǿ򵽵ʲôʺˣ̶ʱ䣬ʵѾӽʥӵĵزˡ
ҶɢƣΧЩӷ׷¶Ľ֮ɫԹɳ־̷ĳ룬ôܲĽ
аɣ
Ȼɱ¾֮дӡǣзҶʱܶãǶãҲнָ
֮˵ˣһʩչһʬ壬ͫΣ֮ǿ߻ţΪ˲©ݣ֮۵黹
ɱ¾֮ɱһõĿ˵ʤ֮
̣
ͻȻ֮ռһ󲨶һöɫӡһֹһöȻöγĸλ
ʲôʦֽӡƳɹˣΣˡ
ͻȻɳöӡǣ˷һֱܣŵӿʼռϣӡ¶
ӡԭҴƵʱóǽ죬Ҫӡĵһˡ
ɲѹ֮ˣӡ󷨱ɵһֿ󷨣ѹ֣ʮǿ
Һң
ƯԼܵöɫӡǣҶ㶯˼ΪǱﰡõ뵽ɱ¾֮У޸һЩѺۣɱ¾֮Ļָĵز
ȷңɣ
˵ָ꣬һ㣬ӡˣҶݺݵѹ£ˮޣϵʯһѿռҲܲס׷ѡ
е˼
ϴѹҶ¶Ц⣬ӡӽĵزû¹
ѹ˼ʮ꣬ϣҲƳزֻҪΪʥӣƾлὫӡƳˡ
ɱһ
һҶ㳯ϲӡն£һƽ⣬󷨸вҶ㣬һҶǳͨ
ӡܺΪһǿһҶ㲻òСġ
ϣ
ϲӡɳȥܿӡҶݺ£ͻȻޣ˲ҪûҶ


1226 α
öµľ޴ӡҶޱϲȻһΪй⣬Ȼӡ󷨣ٶȳԽ˹١
ÿٶȣ
Ҷӡѹ˿ٶ𾪣⼸ﵽٵҵٶˣٵɡ
зһУٴκ£ĽҶӡУƶͰѲӡѹ
Ҷ㱻Լסˣɫ¶һ˿Ц⣬ղֻһʱ⣬űնϳڰ˾ơ
ʦ֣ӡƵʱ򣬻˲ʱɣɱˣӡҪˡ
Ҷ㾹ȻͥŲһ㣬һ˸Լ壬ڹ۲ӡĹ죬ֱˡ
Ҷ̵ĲҪһѪӡȻѪ
ֻҪ£ɱӡȻ͹㡣
Ҫɱ㣬Ҳ͹ˡ
ҲҶɱ¾֮׵նĳͲǷƣʦ޸һ£ԳԼӡ
ҪʦʧˣҲҵĳҲ㡣
ҶЦһͻȻϳĵӰͬʱöӡ
飡飡飡飡
öӡһɳȥ˭Ҳ벻Ҷ㻹ղһֱڶ˵оӡŵôʱ䡣
ӡɳɫȻ仯һ£ܿƽָٴһ㣬ӡɻƸңɢɹ⡣
ƷʦҵʯƷڽӡƷĵز
һ꺰̫ϤˣҲߵˡ
ϵѹʱһӡŭȻͷԶ󣬳Ҷ̤ɢ֮
Զʱڣ磬رԶʱڣ֮ϡ
ɲϢ죬㳡Ҫĸо㷢ò˶ĤʹҶ㱻龰֪Ҫ漸ʮٱѹ
нָ
һöɫָˣңԶǿ֮ϴõǳ̺֮һ˵֮
ע֮ԺнָޱȣһɽͻȻѹ㳡ͻȻ³ԶЩӷ׷ױܿ
ǿȻһ㣡
ս˴򳹵˵ģսҲ١

ɫָѹֱӻһͷ󣬷챬ը
䣡
˳ȥļµĺףΪһöӡǣڹ㳡Ե
ָϢδֹͣڶö£ٴηһ죬ڶöɳȥҲһöӡǣڹ㳡Ե
Ӷָһδδݿ˵飬ⳬ˵Ԥϡ
֮£ǱҶתһö󱻻ɵʱѾһ̴ҵ顣
᲻սһս˸־մ̼֮Ľ֯ϧĴ򣬶˶һ
رҶнָ֮ƺ˺죬վʮ֮⣬ۣܵ·ҪĽиһ㡣
ŵԶöӡǣЩӦҲ޷ܣӡɵıƵˣѪĸҶĴ
ҵģƴˣҲҪѪ
˿̻ٴȼҶż̤ûˣûˣҪһҪϧһдۡ
ĿԴ
ҶȻַƵӣһ˿·ڸɡ
ԣݵʶѾò˰⣬رǶЦˣһսǴ֮
įˣֻҪڣڼ
ϵٴαùͻȻžһƬžĿ£ֻӶʧˣƺܵǿѹ׷׶
öӡһƯصǿ֮ڻϡ
ܱҵַϣ԰ˣ
ƯԼǰӡͻȻһ˷ѽĶһھѪͻȻ䵽ӡ档
ʱ䣬ͻ䣬֮ϣɢ磬ɽ֮Ŵ򿪣һɽ編ע뵽ӡС
Ѫ֮ǿӡʦҪѵ֪ӡɥʧ˽ĿܣҲԪˣʮ궼Իָ
˾ٶԶЩ˶ը˹ľٶ𾪡
Ҷüͷһ壬Ȼ֪ڸʲô׼죬ɽ編򣬽ӡǿһ磬пܴﵽĵز
ˣ׷ˣ
ľٶҶΪˣΪɱ򣬾Ȼ׼߾䣬һƲסɿ񱩵ֱӱű塣
ǰ˼ɲôˣҶ㲻Ҫͨ似޷ɱҶ㣬ֻա
ɽ編עӡԼٶöӡǺܿһ𣬱һöӾ޴ӡ
ڴʱ֮ϣԽԽһɲ׵ӡƷĵز
ͻ˭뵽ģӡ̶ȣȻǿҲ
ҶüͷƺЩ⣬αѾӵһЩһЩ𣬵ǱȰȴǿ
һ׵£Ļӡõ׵ϴӡγɣɫҰףһھѪ׼һԪ顣
̶˲书˼ٵɣҲǳǧһ˺ü꣬á
ؼʧ֮޷ֲܻþ֮𣬲ȻԺһĪ谭
ʱ䣬ӡڽɹɲɽ編УӴԶž֮ˡ
ڳ٣ܲסѹԶ֮һЩʥӣ¶ЦݣƺҲЩ⡣
κʥӶӵΪվޣܵõǳű󱬷ɽ
ƯԼǰӡŤ֮
֮£Կ԰ˣ
ٵµʵ߶һָΪɱɫԽԽԪͷų
ѹ
ָ趯ٿӡҶҹһ£Ǳҳࡣ
ɱ¾֮϶޷ֵ߲һΣɱ¾֮Ȼǿ󣬱ϾѾѺˣڳѺۣǽõ˺
սڣĶǷ֮˭ķԽ࣬˭ķԽǿսʤֵļҲӡ
αһҶηֵܲܵס
˶Ĭˣֹͣ˼ĿһУʱʥˣҪСӦԣСʥӣҪһԼı¡


1227 

α
ҲǼƷܿ⣬˵ĿⶼۼҶϣҪӡѹ
һԺ죬ԶʱڣһͷԽһһǳԽϹʱڡ
ȻЩŵĳɷ֣ǹ㳡ȷʵˣòƲӿݣѲվ
һգҫҶǰδеѹѹֻķ׵ĽҶŤ
Ŀ⣬ȶΡ
ᰵĶᵽɤˣҪһֵܲܵ
֮УĴ¶ͬı飬һЦ⣬һһ²ѵӣƫƫ֮Уһ˿Ľ
ʤȻܵõԴȥ綫Ҫڸǹȥ˭Ҳϣġ
Ŀע֮£Ҷɱ¾֮ϺϢ˴۾֪ڸʲô
ô£ѵֵ𣿡
Ҷľٶ˶⣬ؼʱ̣Ϊ𳤽ӲƴһΣлģϾĳҲǷ
ҿǺˣֵ
Ҳ¶Ц֮ΪҶǺˣŹϣһ
ۻ۳ɺ󲿷ֶΪҶˣʱȥǴɣ˷أѰ·
ֻм˲ôΪΪеƣȻı鵱оܿô򵥡
ӡԽԽһ޴ɽҶͷϷֻҪ㳡һѷ档
ڴΪҪѹʱֱֻһһöɫı֣Ҳ˸
˱ˣǧñһʱչ¶ǰ
ĵİ˱ͻȻŴ󣬷֮˸죬丮ʼζ
Ȼչ¶ȻҪαҪǿʮԽһƷ
˱һֳȻˣѾû˿򣬷۷
Ҳ
֮˷ΪҲûǿҵƻƣȻҲһδƷ
˿ҲϹʱıҿһȡĳλǰı̷ĳɹ
˿ʼƲʵɱ¾֮ƽָǰ˱ЩԼơ
ֻһֿܣõĳĳλµıӶڶ̶µʱ䣬̷ʲô֮ı
ɱ¾֮Լ˱ҲǴλǰϾôǿһҪԴʮֿɲ
֮ǰ򲻹ٵɣܻȡ˶ĲϣȻܻȡԼҲ޷ƣֻһֿܣõ˺ܶ౦
˻Ȼԭˣ˶ƭˣҲκˣȥһɣⱻ졣
ȵȫɳ֮󣬾㱻֪ҲԱ֮ڱ¶ȻǾѵʱڡ
ΪһЩʥӶۺˣİԻ۲ҪռΪС
ֻҪܹ㹻ĲϣƳƷʾƷܱ⣬пܴﵽ¥̶ȡ
֯˱ĳ֣һЩʥӶͲסˣϾ̫ϡ٣丮ʥӼˣӵģʮˡ
ʮ˶ӵдˣһЩǴתӵҲϡ档
ЩûеĵӣҪӵһӶᣬڶԼƣȻһַ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʱ䡣
˳˼Ĺ򣬰˱ϸ߿գͻȻâɣ̵˶˫ۣ޾ɽ編򣬽֯ϧ
⸱˭壬ʲôǵ˼ά֪
˵Щӣ֮еĴ׷𾪵վЩš
رԭΪ䣬˭֪ͻȻһתóһӡķһ
ҶַӾ˱ӡͨΪǿľ磬ȹ̡
ȻαϲĲַԵʮֱأֻһҪҶ
ҪӡŻã
Ҷָûֱײӡһײȥ˱϶ռϷ磬ͻ˺ӡܶ෨ͻϵ
ıҶ᲻ûҪΪã֮󣬿޸ɱ¾֮
αĳ̶ȣǴ˴ɽ編˳ԲһЩϾҶ㻹δ
ϴɱ¾֮ʧܣҶһֱһźϣ㽫źֲ
һֵӡ֣Ҷ˫֮ϸǵ֮ϣʱ䣬˱âʢӡѹ
ղŻɢӡת֮ʧèһԹԵһţܲסѹ
ʼϲģֱ۾ǲţҲţ⻹սȫһߵ̬ơ
ٵɣһٵѹסˣҪʧȥ
գ
ָһ㣬˱ĽɫͻȻſ޿ڣӡֱ˽ȥջָҲصҶģӽɫ³һöӡͷԶ
ööлʦˡ
Ҷ㾹ȻǿĨȥӡӡǣˣٵĨȥٵɵӡǣܣķˡ
Ҫץˣ˼ʮ꣬꣬оԼȥˣܶණȫͲô¡
ͺñʦ㣬ﶫڶǧˣǽ죬ȴ֣ﶫһ߸Ƕ֪Կʼҡ
ۣ
һѪɫ˲ήҲ԰ס
ǿ£Ϊ٣ǿӡǳֱҶĨȥӡҲһִ
򣬻ӡ
ʧȥӡ൱ϻʧȥ˷ݣʨʧȥ˼צӣʧȥһٶȡ
ʦ֣ɵ˰ɣӡѾҵˣӦһġ
Ҷ¶֮ɫӡ˴ָУ֮УһĨЦ
㽫ӡңҿԵʲô鶼ûзȻ
ʱˣôвҶ㡣
Ȼ
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻʧԭأһϣҲնʱһͷһ
вңԼ
һƣٴαȷɳȥֱӵϣҶҽŲϣһ˿˿Ѫĭ
㲻úֲŹġ
ź˲ڽ£ĳ裬ҽ컹ǵӵ档
ϸŵӣ׷עĿֳùļžһ𾲾ĿҶϡ
˸оǶղ˵ȡĳĴУǾĺܿˡ
ǲ֪ҵҪҺΣ
Ҷ˵꣬ҽͻȻ


1228 
ܵŨŨвҶøӱ䣬ҽͻȻһѿ
ɣ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ԴֱըˣԪӵĻᶼûС
ǳǧ໴Ӥ׵ˣ޸֮˸Ůһζϧ
ûκθ֮ɫҶһ룬ֻıЩֳ˻ȻĻţҶҪ𣬽ȫɱ
ɺѪҶɨȥرϸЩƽʱߵĽʮˣоȫԾĴһս
ʱ䣬ֳŷҿʼ۷׷ף۸ղһʵľ
֮Уһ֮ɫһЦ⣬öԵ
˼ϸһĵӡ
ʮֿģįʵε飬ֻʣӣʱ䣬׷żϣϲ
Ҷı֣Ǵһ뼦Ѫ˲ٹ⣬յڼò˼죬ͻٴαǡ
ߣ
޻˵ٵɱٵɱкȥһֱ뿪
Щǰֵķ׷ȥҶڴĿеҲǰΨΨŵŵˣǻȻһ¡
뿪֮ǰζĿһҶ㣬Щ֮У̫ĶҶ֪ܲ
Ǳ丮Ŀģǻ丮Ҷ㵹ϣиǰ
ֵָֻܿƽټĹ㳡ϣֻʣҶˡ
ʮָӵĿһҶ㣬Щɬ˵ĲԽԽˣǵһ֮ǰڵ£ҪչҶ㣬ȫˡ
ʦܣϲԴϸЩ졣
ᰱʾ˸м֮飬и飬ҶȫҪɱԴûκιϵ
ֻɶѣɱȫ
ֻԼģ
ҶĻ˵ĺܺԼǾǱ𣬵Ƕ˵ҶӣЩӦҲģƫ
ⶼҪ˸ãҶûжԼסĵطȥ
ʦܵȵȣ
ҶһĮӣҧҧ촽Щܡ
ʦ㻹£
Ҷܿᰵ˼֮עܣһ
ʦܣҪע֣֪֮ɱ϶𡣡
飬ʮ֣صĳҶ˵
ŶʦɷһЩֵϢ
ղвҶ㣬ҶûںɱȻҶ֪ǿĺ̨Ҳɱ
ֽܲϸʥӣһֱڱչأò˶ãͻˣҪ֪ˣһ϶㱨𡣡
ѹ᰻˵ģ־Ȼʥӣ߽ٵɣЩ鷳ˡ
Ҷٵɶɱ߽ٵҪɱôף㲻УԱⲻ
˺ڣԽսԽԽѣҶܸоǰһȭܴ򱬸߳һߣҪ߳
߽ٵɣҪеƾҲֻһԱ
лʦѣһעģ
Ҷ㻹Ǹм˵һ䣬ܳʲôĿģǰݺ
ʦܸһʲôȵá
ᰰҶһۣһֵĶ
ҶЦһʦ㲻ϹϣѲʦ㻹Ҫɡ
ʦԸ⣬ʦҲǲԡ˵꣬ᰵ˲һƬҶֻһЦϣᰲҪǽ֮ϣ˭֪Ȼˡ
ȿȡʦͱʦˣһȥȥˡ
Ҷһε뿪丮ӣԺȻҶҲ
֮䣬עǳˣҶ㵱Ȼߵ̫¶ԷһˣҲҶŹһΪҶܶණ
ҶıӰЩʧ䣬תҲ뿪ˣȻ⣬ҲɵӣܿҶԶ˼
߽ԼľסѾԭصȺ
Ӳμ
ȺҶղҶɱĳǿһ
򣬲ôѵҽȥ
ЦݣûаҶ㵱һӿƽȵĴڡ
룡
ʱҶ㻹˸˺Ƥƿţ˽ȥ
뷿䣬żªװΣ壬Щ벻Ȼ䵽ϣĵֻʣһˡ
ŵǲϴʱһˡ
Ѿͻٵɣȥĵˡ
͵Ҷ㣬֮УһЩɻ
̶£Ҷ㷢˾תⲻ߼ҲˣȻҲ̫Ĳ⣬ݣֱֲ
Ӵȥջܶ黹ûü
Ҷ㲻ԣЦѣһֱҪԼ״ӺεôıȴٳٲʣϣԼ˵
Ҷֲɵӣ¶ţԷʣҶװͿ˫һһš
ˣֻʣˣÿ¶άֵܶϣӶˣ»֣ƽ˰ɣõ֮ȥϿһһЩм죬侳ӣᰣʹǰȥ
ͻȻת˿⡣
Ҷڿٵ˼ܿҵйһЩ
ÿʮ꣬򶼻齨һ˽򣬴˵սʮ֮ǰ˴ҵ˾ѪֱͻƵŽٵɣΪһδ档
ʱһЩŶ׷ǰʥӶ⣬ϣҵҪǻȡһöƬƬ֮֮࣬󣬸Īİ
ֻʣᰣֻǰȥˡ
ǣ
ҶûоܾڻûʲôļƻȡƬҪڵȵȣһɱ丮̫Ҳױ©Ŀ꣬ⲻҶļƻ
ȽһҲǲѡ񣬶ҴԣĸڣƵʱ˶ǰһ
ˣúŬҪǷ󣡡
˼䣬ܿ뿪ˣ֮ǰɨҶһۣϣҵһЩ
ϧҶʼգֵ΢ЦϱʮȻκһ˿õĶ
Ϻ꣬ΪһЩôҾ͹ԹԵ˵Щ𣿡
뿪ҶЦһϷţ֣֮УԻͼ֮С
óӡȻɢ⣬ɽ編УȻαķȴʵʵڡ
ϰףɣ
ҶٻһĽ׳ˣһɫҲ˸
ӡӦãָܻ١
Ҷ㽫ӡĽףԼȥ޸Ѻ۲ǺܴӡӦ޸֮һҡ
Сӣлˡ
Ľſھ͸ӡɵˣʼȥ޸Ѻۡ
ҶԼĴָܿһöƵƤͼˣһöͼҶͻȻӵվ


1229 Ͽ
ĵͼҶֱӴӵվϳֹ֮ɫ
⸱ͼΪθҴӱɽ֮ȡһģһʻǿ̻·һģӿ̳һ㣬ֻͼ΢Щ仯Ҷ𾪵˵
Ҷǵãѩ壬󱻱ȵ֮ߵı壬֪Ǹ𿭳ǰ֮أʱϣ͵õһöĵͼҶһֱ
𿭳ϻöͼóƬƴϵһһĵͼˣ̻ܶɽиֱǡ
ǡĵͼ
Ҷٴ𾪣⸱ͼ¼ľڣȻҶûн򣬵ļ䵱УǰҲĶ鼮оϢ
ѵһͼ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ϴؾʱɶҶн֮ɾͣ˴ս֮أ滹ˣѲﻹбﲻɣ
ѵͼҶϸۿҪҵһЩܿ죬Ҷ㷢ֵͼϽһطʧˣƺ̻˹⽫ԣԸ֪
һ㲻ӵбҲʲôͬѰĶȻᵽԾȥ
Ҷ㰵²⣬ʧĵط滷ɽһ࣬󺣣Ҳ˵һƬأһ˲ǰûп̻Ҳᱻע⡣
ͼպãҶ㾲ջ֮磬֮壬˼¡
Ҷ㻹һôķ֮Խ࣬ʹ֮ƣþӨ͸һ㵭ƣ·֮ʮֽӽ
ʹ֮Ƿ磬зݣҲзĿ񱩣зʹ֮һöҶʧԭأڰ֮⡣
ٶȣȫԸٱ⣬һ߽ٵҪɱԼҪһǵٶܲ׷
һʱ䣬ɱ¾֮ڽӡյһɶѺԵļ˺ܶ࣬΢ɼмܳ׽ɱ¾֮ȫ޸
СӣлˣҸоһս
ĽױС˵ģҶϣʮ˷ܡ
˰ɣʲôʱָʱ򣬲ܸ֣ʲôʧ
ҶҲðգײʲôѺ۳ɱ¾֮һӶ޸ˡ
ĽεЦЦ֪ҶΪãҲ⣬ߵ죬ʮֲף˭빦һ
ȥɣȥĵӣȥϿܲҵһЩ
ҶӰԻͼ˳϶Ϊһһʱ䣬кü˴ﾭɢʶ̽
Ҷ֮󣬷׷ߣûдݾߡ
Ͼ丮Ŀŵɱˣû˸ôǩ״
˲İΪϻһ
Ҷ¶ĻЦǲԽԽãȻǶΪԼȡĳλܵĴУҶҲýͣʱԽͣԽӡ
ãչҶͻٵɣ˳ΪĵӣһҶǰ˵
ȡԴҲνĹ׵㣬ÿ丮ᷢźܶ๱׵ƽÿϣʣࡣ
ǽ죬ֻʣˣЩ׵㣬Ȼ䵽Ҷϡ
ʦܣЩ׵ҲҪˣ͵ǻľ֮ȡȥϿĵطȡһЩʵҲܸõ
᰾ܾ丮䷢Ĺ׵㣬ȫøҶ㡣
ҶҪִܾŵı飬ҶֻôӦŮӣȻܾˣ϶Ƿ飬Щ׵͵黹ҶˣӴԺ߻Ƿ
ҶӦˣҲãԺ˼Ρ
ʦ㣬ȥϿˣ
ӹеĹ׵֮Ҷ׼ȥϿ
֮Ͽȵ㣬һȥ򡣡
΢΢һЦϱȻˣȻ֪Ҷ㲻ˣȻٴ
ã֮ټ
ҶҲ飬˸֮뿪ˣҶȥһĵص㣬ҲǾϿ
ռ䣬Ҷ˳ɽ߷һ̫丮ߵطƽʱҪһǰ
˵һ˵һƽĲƽķӣһ֮⣬һӣһߣһȲ۵Ż
źˣΪ£
ˣӺ˫ۣһֱ˯ʮֲԸĿ˿Ҷ㡣
ϣһģ򿪾Ͽš
Ҷʮֹ˵óŻȡĹ׵㣬ʮ㣬ƽĵӣҪüܹ
֪ϿĹ𣿡
һҶ㣬ֱӣȻһɢģ
֪Ͽһ򣬶һܴʱ䣬ʱ䣬һʱ䣬еĻȫһ򡣡
Ҷشʮָɴ࣬ıһ򣬶ŵƽ˵ĵط
Ǻĵӹ˵ֻ򣬲ʥӿǰȥڡ
ʵ
ҶĻشһ˿ŭ⣬Ȼˡ
ϿȻΣأҶٵɣǰ򣬾Ѱ·
볤Ϸ㣡
ҶѾмȻȫһЩĶҶܿ۵ľûУֻн򣬲лѰҸıԼغʯǳ
丮õһöǳʯھϿ֮УֻԵ˵õôЩȥˣû˴ҵ˵
ȻԼҾͳȫ㣬û㣬ǰ죬ʥӣûгԶ档
ҶӣҲ˵ʲôӹҶĻ֣ŻǵֵŻɢĹΣһС
ȥɣǵһ֮ȻԶʧھϿˡ
߰˰֣ҶϽȥɡ
л
Ҷ˵ֱǰǵŻ֮С
оһᣬҶ·ʧȥ岻ǰܿ쿴һϿһ޽һΪڵľϿ
丮ǰȡһЩٴˣ⾪Ͽ֮Уҩ鲼ҪǰʩʹȣԼ
ΪһƬ磬丮ĺ԰һΣ֮ޱ鲼丮Լ趨Ľơ
һƻȦ֮Уͻ֮أ丮֮ôΪ˶ӣõ
ҪñһԵڶǿʵ
ʧȥ˻Եٺõʵվһ죬Ҳߵͷ
ߣԵǳҪΨߵĸԶ
һҶҪҲʥ򣬾߽ٵɽп䣬ҶðΪ
ΪʵҶ㲻һУֻ򣬲ҶҪĶ
ԽԽأ֮ܿϣӡһ޼ʵޣȫű߼ʣƼȴʵʵĴڣǾϿ


1230 ϼ
֮ҶʶɢȥΪֻһʱ䣬ҶҪȻװ׵˷ʮĹ׵㣬ֶܲܿء
аŮСһǰҩͲɼһЩҩͲҪˣС׸ǰȫû⡣
Ҷ㽫С׻ааŮгСܴռ䣬˰ȫҶ㲻õġ
鲼ҩаŮҲĶˣС׵ϣܿʧ
ҶֳҶ㣬һʧԭأһֳɱ¾֮뿪ˣһа˱
һΪҶȡļʴӣ൱ڱʱ䡣
ҶֲĺȳƣС׸ռҩ֪ͨҶ㡣
ңȡһЩϡԴ絤ҩʯ֮࣬ﻹŴ컯õҲһԴ
ȥѰҸӱĶһЩҩȫǰѰǿʯ
Ȼ翨ٵɣҶԪѴﵽ߽ٵɵĳ̶ȣʶͷ֮ң
ǰв
ҶͻȻʧԭأоǰвб档
ȵҶ㿿֮󣬷ֲԽԽƵһСľݣǴľ洫
Ҷ㲻óȻ룬СľݴôЩ꣬û˽ȥ϶ʲôΣ
Ҷʶ͸Сľ棬СľһǱʲôΣȻͱʥӽȡߡ
ֵѼӣԼߣҶ㻹ģһԣûΣգҲûջ
Ҷ̤һʱ䣬سֱ仯һ֮ңȻ֮졣
Ҷ̤һƬããһߣ֪ںδȫʧ˷
󷨣ȻǺı󣡡
󷨷ֺö֣󷨣ˮ󷨣󷨵ȵȣΨ󷨱Ƚء
֮˵أΪű߼ʣǰɫһƬʧ
һһƬãã磬϶ûвûжԼΪԼҲû뵽ɫ֮УǶôֲ
ҶھʧԼˣһӶһ֮󣬾ϿŹرգԶҲ޷뿪ƵҲˣҶʱ䲻Ǻܶࡣ
֮ԴԶҪϵͳҪԶҶڹŶ֮Уһö󷨴ڿóˡ
óЩҶһֱûϵͳڲ򣬾Ҫ
Ϊ󷨣֮Ϊã֮Уصǽľˮ׵֮еԪء
ֻҪԪأ֮ܵ˼Ĺ
һǽЩ֮ͨصַ£ۼĳһ
ڼԸ죬һЩӡ߷ƣγɸֽ֯磬һ̤룬ͻС
һʱҶ㶼ڲ򣬶󷨵֪ʶҶٴһµ̨ס
ƸҶ㹻ĲϣܲóɱŽٵɴ󣬿ϧĲ̫ϡ٣õҲ᲻
վӣҶ¶һ˿Ц⣬һгģ
ССһסң
УҶѾסԼǺ󷨣ǺѾʧ꣬˸֮󣬱ģ
󷨣ҶҪƵҪһֽţ󷨺Ȼȱݺܶ࣬ס߽ٵɡ
ס˽ٵɣҲ丮˹ˣϾʥӲ߽ٵɣһס϶޷ȥⲻ丮Ŀġ
ҪﵽĿģҪܴǽϿԭ
ָһҶǰһѷ죬ȻƵˡ
ܰɫռڴѿɫһʧҶָܵĸֵ֪ĳСľ档
ϼ
СľмλãڷһöɫĹӣ֮ãɢ
öǱɵľѲϣԼܹ˲ϣȡҵɵĵ¥һɵķӣܻܲһݡ
Ҷʮ˷ܣϼæааŮĴڣˡ
ǷǳаԴԪǸĳɳ
ϼҶϽ뿪ĵطǰʱޣܵõһһ
аŮǱߣҲƵƵϢǻȡ˲ҩɼ˺üҩɵı
ǱҲռ˺üϡвϣҪĽףԲϵĸ֪Ҷ㣬Դŷϵҵ
ʱһȥת۰ʱȥˣҶȡ˴ССϰܰԼģָҲǲɶõĺöóȥԶһֱӸħգ
̣
ǰռͻȻһ󲨶ǵһζǷʮһ㣬ҶֱһΡ
һӴסҶȥ·Ҷ̤һȦӣƬƺ
֮
ҶղߵĵطǻӰ羵ˮ£ֻ̤ܷ֣ĸ֪һģһ
ޣһ۷ڵᣬǳĺʵ߽ٵɡ
ȻͳΣ֮ᷢһУ̤Ҷ˹
羪κһƣҶϷľѿ
дӡ
Ҷԥֱʩչдӡʱûκء
޴ӡȻ£ֱϡ
ģ
ɳȥҶԺޣԶֹˣ֮ϣһɺӡѪ
Ѫ̼ԣŭվӣҶ˹
ø㽻֣ʱȣսپ
ʱҶ㲻ﵢ̫ʱ䣬һʱ˵˵̾ͷǳ̣֮תۼĹѾȥʱ䡣
˱֣
ҶֱӼ˰˱һųɽ⣬ᾹȻѹԭأܶ
֮
Ҷ֮ʯһʩչ֮Ũӳֲܵ׷׿ήܲס֮ʴ
ڵոħֵ֮һ̣֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҳǣһ£ر֮ǴĻ꣬ǿռ䣬֮Ⱦ
գۼĹܿһеֲﶼһգڵķĩ
˱Ȼ£峹ѹԭأʹĺС
ɣ
֮һɨԴֱӱ֮ն˲ӣѪӿѪ˺ɫ֮ܵĸȾ
ᣬڵȡҶǰһһ治֪ʲôҲʲô
ɷ˵ֱ˽ȥҶ㿴ڷһӣ棬ڷһöƵ򣬲֪¼ʲô
Ҷʶֱӽ룬ϢӿҶĻ꺣
񵽱ˣ
ҶЦڶ洫Զ


1231 ƪ
ƤҶĴЦ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ƪһɵķ
ƤҶٳٲƽ
Ƿ賤͸Ҷģһƪ̫ľĽ׷ˣ䣬һɮһħ˴׷ɱɢʱա
ҶõǵһƪҲǷƪŽٵɾͻϵҪҵƪû뵽丮ľϿУҵƪҶôܲġ
ҲƪҶҪƪҶĹˣֻҪϵһ죬Ϊˡ
СĽƪҶת뿪һʱ䲻ˣ׼£ȥ
յҶٻϢС׻з׷׸׼ϣ뿪Ͽ
ȻСףŰаŮ˱֪ξϿ֮Уջǳ֮ࡣ
磬ǲɼ˺üöɵˣֻҪǴﵽٵɣͿԳԡ
аŮڰ˱ҲǷ˷츲صı仯Ҳ̤ĽٵɣԪ֮ǳǿ
ãȻص˱ȷǾ뿪
ٻһ˰˱УҶԭأڵȺ
һյʱ䣬ϢҶ㶼ʧȥ˸֪
ѵʲô⣿
Ҷüͷ壬ٵȴ˳ŷϢҶһԾԶȥ
Ͽһ࣬һǿĽưסˣڽƵУȻһˡ
ǳʯҿһ
棬վһµ꣬¶һ˿Ц⣬û뵽Ｘǧ֮õǳʯȻĵõˡ
Ϳûˣ
˵һ˿飬ɱ¾֮ɢŨŨɱ¾֮
ССٵɣȻҿڳԣȻˣҾͽɱˣǳʯ
Цʥӣ߸ϣҲϣҵõĲϣû뵽Ȼ˳ɹóǳʯ
ɱ¾֮ͻȻâɣΪǿԷ߽ٵɣһٲҶĲ
Ҳһս֮ʵȻ࣬Ͼɱ¾֮ȡʤһ⡣
Ҫˣ
ɱ¾֮ɢƣһͲǷֳҶĳץȥ
ɱһ
ƶȻһ䣬ԲһŨɱ֮ƺٻʲô
Ȼɱ֮ͷųȥԶǧ֮ҶӦˣΪһǿ⣬ٶ˼¡
ͨҶɱ¾֮Ǳ֮Դ¼ǧҲܸӦõ
䣡
ɱһĻ⣬߲̫࣬һȼ֮ϡ
ܲٵʩչٵɵʵѹܵ򡣡
ǵЦŨˣһһצץ£ޱȣ߽ٵɣѾܲٿ֮
צγɣܵĿռ·⵽˽жٶȴ
֮
ʩչ֮ڼɱһƿ˿ռٴһն¡
Ũ֮
Ũ֮һ䣬ƺܵһ˿Σգһմ־
һƣһǿķ֣֮ˣҶŷʵֲľ˲߽ҶĹƣֱѹ
Ȼ֮䣬Ǿ޴֮ϣ˸֯һ·߽ٵɵǿ֮֮Ϊá
дӡ
֮£Ҷʩչдӡֵסܾͻᱻľ
дӡɱ¾֮أ֪ܵ˴̼ǱҶƵˡ
丮ʲôʱĵӣ֮־
ϸƺ벻丮ʲôʱôĵˡ
Ӽıɱ֮ģҶ㲻϶رǵõǳʯȥƳԼԵֵ
ııģ
дӡѹ߽ٵǰԵû˴
ۣ
Ʒɳȥɫή㱻һ飬߻̫Ĳࡣ
ԼһδܽҶҲһ㶣ֱٴξһε˸ǿһƽ֮֯ϣɢ˵Ĺԡ
ɣ
øҶھȥսپ˭֪Ҷ㻹ûиǿĵơ
ǿ׼ۣ֮ʱһӰֱ֣ץû֮Уʧ
˭˭ǰ˴ߡ
Ҷʧֱӱ˴ռ֮У귢ŭ
ǧ֮⣬ռһ󲨶С׳ˣϣһˣҶ㣬ʱɫࡣ
ҺҸϵʱȻΣˣ𣬶ҵľ϶мӰ졣
ҶɱŨķŭҶһ֦Ҷһúõһ
ʱȣһʱ͵ˣҶٵĳڸȥ
ܼžһƬɢɱ⣬ھϿʱ䣬׼뿪ȥղǸ˵
СӣˣֻҪһص丮ܲ鵽ʱôĥ㡣
ͳŭȻҲת뿪ˣٶ
һյʱһζҶܿҵڣֱ˳ȥһҶصɽ֮ϡ
ϸǣ
Ҷһкת뿪ɽ֮¿ȥûлص丮ǳϿȷٸȥ
Ҷֲһʱ䣬ˡ
֣˫ۣ´
ȥһʱôܳˣѵҲҪı
Цеʵ
ϣղų֪˭ĸĵӣ
ǰϣʮֹ
Ҫ֪𣿡
˾ȥһʱȥ֮󣬻ЩĪ⣬ֱӣζЦݿ
ǳʯ֪˭
ûǳʯߣò˶ãͻᴫΪÿ춼˽뾪ϿҪʯ⣬׷ʧܡ
ʯߣɫȻ΢΢һ䡣
˵ʯΧ󷨶Ƶˣ
վֱӣһץסĻᶼûС
Ҹϵʱ򣬴Ѿʯһ˾ߡ
ղŵ򵥵˵һ顣
ٵɣôƵЩ󷨣
Щ⣬ԭأʼ˼
ϣܸҴ˭𣿡
׷ʣֻҪ丮ҵ
Լȥɣ
߰˰֣Щɺ뿪ԸĽ
ǣ
߲Ը˵ȥҲڴȥһ˵Ӧòѡ
뿪Ż˹ȥ
˾ߣѵϿˣ
û˱ϿֻҶȥˡ


1232 
վӣҲŻȥȥˡ
Ͽÿαﱻ˵õ丮ٴηȵıȥΪ˱ƽ⡣
֪滹߲òϿﶼӶһգ丮˵һش
Ҷ뿪丮֮ûȥϿȣԼӻ죬Ҷȥɣһˣܸܲ¥һס
óԴһɵ
ҶֻǱԵ̬ȣɵǾŽٵɼҪۺ죬ʲôԴܶһ
ɵ£ɵ޼֮ϾƵʱҪϣܶϣ
ȻӵеҲ޷ƳûвϣŵҲǼߣ¥˼ҪԼãȥһԡ
һʱ֮ҶݳɣǣȻ¥֪ˣҲԷҰǰ
ƣʮ˳ӴҶĻĽϣʮֿĽҶá
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һҿԴӦֻˣ˾͵û
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¥Ҷһۣ뿴ȫһ飬ϣҶԼժ
Ҷ㻹ţԼϴʱ¥Ѿ֪ȷʵûмӺ֮⡣
¥һ㲻⣬ɵô飬ֻ⼸
ҶǾòԾ⽻ȫǶԼ
˵øлϴ֮ʯǶԵȵĽɡ
¥ϣȷʵʲôûϴε֮ʯ¥Ҳͦ꣬˵Ҷоֻ֮飬¥ûиҶѡ
ȥߣҶʵ¶ʮֿΣҪ֪ζٱ
Ƿ˫һԽüֱͦεһӡ
Ҷʵģ¥ЩԾû뵽Ҷ㾹ȻôᣬһôΡ
Ӵû㻹һӣýЩ˼ˡ
¥ֻЦЦ
ͲҪȡЦˣȻˣǿԽ𣿡
Ҷߣٴαģ


1233 
Ҷ˳õɵСպãҶ¥һޣ⣬ɵ֮ʱ
ϾҪ¥Ȼ֪ҶУҲϡ棬ʱ䣬ǿҶɵˡ
ҪĵĻŻҵ㣡
Ҷ㣬¥ȻŵЦ⣬Ҷĺ󱳡
õɵҶͽаŮоȥˣʱ䣬Ҷ㾡ӦаŮԴͻƾ硣
磬ɵҪ˾ѪȻɹļʲɡ
оһʱĵƮ˳üͷƺЩѶȡ
֪滹кܶǻղ룬ν򣬿ܲڲɼһЩϣȡ롣
ҶأȻ֪ȱ˾ѪƵѶȽӣɹļʷǳ֮͡
ˣǲϣҶɹƳԽɵͻһ磬һûκθá
ԼӾǽ죬ҶϢһʱ䣬Ͽȷȥ
ڽ죬丮ٴηһ飬֪Щչصʥӷ׷׳أעĿľܲˣһȥ˭֪֮ǰɱ
һЩصʥӷ׷׿ʼעٵնɱٵɣɲЩš
ֻʣˣúܶصĵӣĿⶼ׼Ҷ㣬Ϊдԣ˵ҶĳĴУŶ̶ʱ䣬ͻͽ
ʦ֣յϢǸѾȥˣҲҪ򣬻ȡһЩ
ĵĸܲϢҶ뿪丮Ѿǰ
֪ˣСӱҪɱҵܣ
ܲɢŨɱ⣬ʥ߽ٵɣλ߸ϣɱ˺ĵӣ丮Ҳ˵ʲô
һ࣬Ҳ鵽ҶϢϢһЩе˶˼ˣӶҶϵıԼĴС
һҶ㶼֪ѾϿȣԼʱ䣬絽һʱ
Ҷ㵽ʱѾˣҪҶĻҪ硣
ʦõˡ
Ҷ㳯ʮֿʺһ䡣
ʦܿˣҲǲŵ
ʮȻЩѾˡ
ЩΣ˴һЦһķȥ
ʦܣھϿɻһЩ
·ϣᰴ˻ϻӣ̬ڸı䣬Ҷնɱٵɣ֮䣬עԽԽ
õö
Ҷ˹ȥܶණǼùģȻϣ֪
Ҷ㲻ԸἰҲü׷ʣҵͨĴʱЪϢһ죬ȴֱӴ͵ڡ
ʦܣǣͨһ·ﰲÿʱ䣬ŻῪһΡ
ǣᰶƺİǰ
һʦ㰲ţ
Ҷһ·ϻҲ࣬ᰵİš
Ҷʮ¶һЩЦݣҶǵУʮַ䲻솴󣬵ҲСں򣬾ǶĴڡ
ʦƺʮϤ
·᰼ô·ߣÿһֵʮϤҶʮ֡
ʵҵļǣҲֻǧңҲһС塣
᰿ЦһСǳ󣬵ȻĻʮϤ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷû̫ľȡ
ʦܣסҼҰɣȫҲбϡ
᰽飬ס棬ϾڼʮֻңǲҪ鷳
Ǿʹˣ
ҶҲ⣬סνʹʱ䣬ֻҪ򿪣Ǿͻ뿪
˺ܿ촩ֵһ޴ĸۡˣᰵļ壬˵ǧ˵ļ壬ǷǳСˡ
ֻĩǲ̨棬ܹӲлͷǳףϾ̫ңȻҲὫԼĵӣ丮
Ҷҡҡͷƾ⽨ܿһú׾ݣ⽨ˣûзɳ£Һܶƶ𣬿ҹòá
ôСһ壬ͲףҪһȷʵס
ʾƣ᰺ܿҶ߽֮У򣬽֮󣬶ǳƫԺȥһԽԽƫ
ʦܣ˼ҵӣȴλܵͣ㲻Ҫ⡣
ǰ潨ǵͰķݣһµ˾סЩ˼
ʦˣҲƶʦòȥ
Ҷ˵ʵӻƳôСĵط߳ᰣļƶ񤡣
Ҷ㲻Υĵ˵¶һ˿Ц⣬Ϊܰʹ˷һ
һСԺӳˣᰳĵطһ˶Ժӡ
һ̤Ժӣ洫
ˣҪڴˣǷµǮ
洫һŮĺĲҽӵĴЦһ

Ĳҽɿ̤Ժӣһӱ˲ڽ£һɷ˫Ųͣڵµӡ
һʮĸˣһסˣϧϾһ֮ס
˽ˣֹͣߣ߿˹ÿᰡ
Ӵⲻôˡ
֮ҽŲס᰸׵ӴЦе񣬳˵
ȪǸʲôΪҪҸ׳֡
ʮڵϻ˵ĸ׷Ȫʡ
ѵ㸸ûиǷһǧ컯ڻϣҾҪжĸ첲
ȪɫԵĿһᰣݵ˵
ᰳ䲻ǣҲмɫ֮ͬУŮˡ
ôܣҸ׽ѱϣôǷô컯һݡ
ᰲţΪʱ򣬸˶Ź˴ϣο֪乬סƫƧСԺʱ᰻СֻǼǵСʱ򣬾⵽С۸
֮£֮󣬲ż丮뿪֮ء
ûʲôܣǰֽ֣֤ڴˣ㻹ε
Ȫóһ֤ݣ᰸׵ӡ˼١
ף⵽ô¡
᰿һ֤ݣԼĸʵ
丮ӣÿȡԴʮޣһǧ컯ѾһǳӴˡ
ݺңҸǩ֣Ǳҵģᰶ߰ɣûдȥıҪˡ
ᰵĸЪ˹ǷȪһǧ컯˵ݺ
䣬ǵҩʱ򣬿ɲô˵ġ
ȪζĿһ䣬¶һ˿аЦͻȻ
ᰶ㸸Ƿҩ٣һǧöһöһʱ䣬һöһǧö
ᰵĸʱ˵࣬ԭֻǽһö컯һ¾ͷʮ򱶣ʲô㷽վһԵҶ㣬ࡣ
ҲˣֱȥŸˡ


1234 Բ
ˣΪֹͣ˶᰸ĸԴǰʱ䣬ᰵĸ岻ãҪҩ
֮£ͷûôԴָֻȪһٿ컯ԭ㣬ȥɼҩȡ컯֮ڻȪ
˭֪˵ڶ죬ܹһö컯׼ҪȪԷȴķʽ߰˱
һϣһµʱ䣬һö컯һǧöֱһ֡
᰸ڵ壬˵һǧöһǧöƶԳ
Ȫ˰Եһٿŵ컯һǧôȥ١
Ϊ˾ĸףȪһö컯ûй︸׵˼ǳȪȵ
ϣʱô˵ҵĹأǻֻǵծˡ
ȪЦѣСӵתڲϵ´ᰵ塣
󵨣㵨ҶҸĸײݹҲ
Ҳŭ˭ĸвﶼܣᱩŭ
ҵҪôҵҩ㻹ңвңᰣҵĺõӰΪ丮˲𣬿ˣ˸㣬Ҳ丮ĵӣѾΪϸĵӡ
ȪȻҲ丮Ӧ֮ҲΪ˺ĵӣ᰸֪
һöҩŵҩϽ
óһö컯ӵȪϣŵҩϽһ̶ڼǡ
һö
򷢽лأ˵һǧöһŶԡ
Ȫһö컯ֱ˳ȥѹͿۡ
Ȫ㲻Ҫ̫֣
᰽Լĸɢɱ⣬ұûʲôУڳ飬Ҫ塣
Ҿ͹ˣҶҪͿһСѾͷȻҶҺ㣬첻һ˭뿪ǡ
˵ȪͻȻŵøӹ
ȪٵʵҾ˵һˣϾС壬ּܳٵɶˣ߽ٵɣҲڻôҡ

վ˳Ȫʵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪıŮһҹǷµһǧ컯ҿһʹ
Ȫ˵һʮʮаҪ󣬾ȻҪȥһϣֱо
УȪ㻹ɱҰɣҪŮ⡣
ܾ𣬾ԼŮ
ɱǱˣ첻Ƕ뿪ǿ֪ң治ʲô
ȪһЦԣǿվһԵҶ㣬͸ˣϾȪٵɣҶٵɣ˫֮䣬һԽĺ蹵
ˢ
Ȼ鵽ϣѾûѡˣȥһϣɱԳ׼սҲۡ
ᰣҷȰһ䣬Ķ֣ΪҵĶ𣿶ԸĿԼĸĸǰһֻҪӦңһԴ׸ĸһԴǣ֤Ժڼ壬ûٸ۸ǡ
Ȫգ᰾Ȼԥˡ
Ӧĸ϶ȪʱһӶİ
Ӧ뻢ڣԺȫԼƿˣһӶҪȪİڲ
ѵľأ
ԥˣȪǵЦԽԽŨڵ¸ǰᰵ׸ѡѡĸѡԼҸ
˫գһ˿˿Ѫ촽Եܿ˿ʮʹ࣬ݽ촽ҧѣ˿оκεʹࡣ
ҴӦ㣬ĻŹҸĸƴԼĸһ𣿡
ͻȻ̾Ϣһÿն޹⣬·һ̣ʧȥꡣ
ޱȴСһ̣ȫˣ˺ܶ£ܶͬʦֵܣȴﲻԼ
İɣһƴǡ
ԼļıóѣȪ¶ζЦݣ֪õᰣԺ˭˭Ŀģռᰵ塣
丮ȪҲͨĺĵӣЩ߸ϵŮӣѹͿһҲϡ
Сʱͱᰵòһֱڻᣬҵˣôܻ
ʦ㣬һǧ컯Ƚɣ
ҪӦҶʱվ˳̾Ϣһԭ£ǵµĵ߸Ҷ㡣
Щ֪ΪΪ֮ǰ飬丮ĵӣ˵ҶӦɱ
ƫƫԸûʲô£Ҷʱ򣬻ҪչҶ㡣
һ̣Ҷƺ䷲¶ǾԣκҲ棬ҶʱƺоԼľøԲˡ
νģ׷ԲܸƣȱۣһԲĵ
ҶղľΪƣΪҲƶҲΪƣκ飬棬֮ҶȻ
ʦܣĿϽһǧ컯
ЩӦҶ˽٣Ȼ洫ԣҶõĳλܵĴУϾ˼ԼĶ
Ҷ˵컯ĵҩÿ춼öѹòҶǵȡ
ȽʦİɣԺˣڻұǡ
ҶҲ⣬óһöָᰵվһԵȪˡ
ллʦܣܹˣһʦܡ
ʮָм˵Ȼ֪ҶΪˣȪһӽԣɽԼӽҶ㡣
һʲô
ҶʾҪ̫һǧ컯Ҷ˵ǾţһëܰҶоԼĵĸԲ
˵Ļ߷Ҷ㣬Ϊᰣʲôʲôڼˡ
᰻ǱԸм΢ЦܿŽָȪ߹ȥ
Ȫһǧö컯ҩϽҹ
ȪֱӽָӵȪϣڣһ̲ڼǡ
Ѿʱˣڲһǧ򣬶ǧ򡣡
һǧսȪȻʱٴһ˵ᰣҶ㶼ЩŭˣģûмôĿŵ١
Ȫʵǵ̫Ϊ㲻ɡ
һĻˣҪ׼֣Ҷ㰴ס壬ʾ԰ꡣ
ֵܣ˴ˣҩѾõˣͷŹһ˰ɣҲһ¡
ҶһѺõȪ˵ϣǾʹ˽
ʲôҲҵ飬ʶȤ͸Ͻҹһǧ컯ķϣҿһȻ
ȪɱȻǿڵҩϣѾˡ
ȻҪɱң𣿡
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬£ǲҶ£ѾȪӣȴ֪ôҶ㶼Ҫɱ
ҵȷʲôͬ丮ӵϣ뿪ɡ
һֵҶвȪѾҶߣֻҪ丮ĵӣҶɱҶ̲סﵱɱˡ
ЦСӣˣҸȪôģѾˡ


1235 ϵΪ
ʥڣףʥ֣ȫҸ
ҶвԼȪ·ЦЦһЦ
Сӣ㣬ң㲻һССٵɣ͸վ˳ͷǲ֪
ȪЦӸһЦʮֲ
Ȫ㲻Ҫʦܣ
᰿ȥˣҶģڻҪȪĳⲻȥ
裿ƾҲ裬ҲҪҲҪ㣬˭߳
Ȫ¶Եһ棬ѹûŹᰣȻóһǧ컯Ҳİ취᰾ͷ
ûҶͿˣֻû˵ˣڣѾ壬ȪǲĿģݡ
ȥСӶȥΪҿԺӣ׼κ˽
Ȫ˷Ըһ䣬׼Ҷ㶪ȥǿˣȻᰲܹԹԵľͷֻҪѹռ塣
Ȫ꣬ǿСèһҶ㣬ҶóȥΪʵιȪһͷޡ
Ȫÿ춼ʵѪιޣʱСޣʱС࣬ЩȪ˴󲿷ֶĶ
ųԼ߹ˣҶǸһ˿Ц
СӣҪ־͹㲻֪ôҵȪӣԼԹˡ
˷ЦһҶ㿿ųЦĴʻ㣬ɷ˵˫ֳҶ˫ۼй׼Ҷ˵ء

ҪҶ㣬ӭֻȭͷֱӻ˵ţ
˻Ϊߣֱӵ䵽Ժһţҽһʯ֮УԴˣҲԶˡ
󵨣Ȼɱҵˣ
ȪһԼ£ҲٵɵʵȻҶȭò
ˣѵҲ⣿
ҶЦǿһɵһȪƺһ΢顣
ȴƽˣҶΪɱˣվҶʮָӡ
㵽˭ѵҲ丮ĵӣ
ȪòҪ֪Ҷ˭ٵһɱ֣丮ָ
֪丮ĵӣǲǾЩˡ
ҶЦȪ丮ҲǺĵӵе׵Ĵڣصҫҫ˭֪Ҷ㡣
ˡ
ȪҲɵȻʵϸĵӵвôϢ֪һ֮ǰնɱϸĵ
㻹ɵſˡ
ҶζЦݣĵӣˣһģѲ³϶һˣ
ǡ򡭡
֪ˣȪϵıܿòȻʮ֮һ磬֣֮򣬹ƺܿͻᱻɱ
£
ҶЦŨǿһһȪղһǧ컯뿪ҶҲȥƽˣᰵӣ졣
Ǹʦ֣Ǹᣬղð㣬¡
Ȫ̬һһٰʮȵĴת䣬վһԵ᰸ĸѹʲô顣
Ϊǰ۵꣬¶ʵ֮һŰȪҪѵҲĳ
ԼŮͽһϸһ˿Ц⣬˭ϣԼŮǿĿɽ
Լĵҹɣ
ҶƽȪҲϸӣ֮ûжٳޣҶҲɱοղȪһٵ裬ѾҶɱĴ
㡭
Ȫһ˿ŭ⣬Ҷ㾹ȻҪΪҪɱҪܡ
ʲô𣿡
ҶȻŵЦ⣬Ҫ˿һٵСĸٵ˵϶š
ңҾǸӣŪˣơ
ȪͻȻһָҶıӣϵΪֱɱ
ңٵҲмˣĴսҶ㲢һռϷ磬Ūû
ƾҲ̸ƣǲʱ俼ǣԼϳΪҴ档
ҶЦһڽҵʱʶɢȥңɣһˣˣȪҲˡ
һҶҲֻҶ㲻޹ɱˡ
Ȫ丮ӣƽʱˣϧ
ҶֲƳԼѹȪо£ǱһɽһȻܶ
㲻ɱңҵӣһɱңҿ϶Ź㡣
ȪĺȵҶҲ丮ӣɱ丮Ҳ޷׷Ҳͬ
㻹޴ΪһССңȥһ丮𣿡
ҶҡҡͷȪĲһ޴
Ҷû˳֣ȻǷȪȪҶ㶼ҪͿҶ㣬ǵһǱڵв
ʧȥȪǵһǿУҲ⵽֮ڵײļ壬ᳵ˧Ȼͱ˼ٴΡ
Ȫһ飬ŷӦѾͷųȥźţȴûһ˸ղ̸ȻأѾ
㲻ú
ȪڷӦˣ岻ΪȥһǿĵˣΪҲֹȪһˣǻҪȥʱҪ
ʱѵ
ҶͻȻȪݺݵɨȥһȪֱƷɳȥ
䣡
ȪֱҽʯڵѪɫ˲ή
һУһУȪҶһжӲ¡
վһʶղɨ﷢һʵҶ֪ˣֻǲмҴѡ
ʦ֣ڣˣŹҰɣ飬ôŮ˵⣬вֻҪŹңұ֤ԺʦĸĸǶԴԼĸһ
ȪΪҶһԣȻҲὫ쵽ŰϣҶܷŹ
ĻпŶ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷᰵĸĸûκιϵҶҲʲôˣ֮ԷȪһǸղԼڶ丮ĵӣҪҶ㲻ɱѾǿˡ
˵꣬ߵȪǰҽŲĵϣֻҪҶȪһΪҪ֮
ڣˣҪǧҪ
ܸѹԽԽȪˣͲˣϧҶĻᶼ
˺֮ѵû˽̹𣿡
һâͻȻֱ֣Ȫ棬͸˵Ԫйբĺˮɢ
㲻úһбӦģ
ԼľڷıȪʼŭֶ񶾵ԣð
һյʱ䣬ȪûˣֻڵϴڵĴŴ
ϽҹȻͲǷϵΪ
ȪáҶ޶ԣңҶҪһЩ⽫Ū̫
ȻҶϵȪһյʱ䣬Ժ棬߽ӡ


1236 
߽ˣҶЦŨˡ

æǰҼϡ
ʲôˣΪҪˡ
Ҽֱ֮ӳҶһȣҪƴѹҶ㡣
֪ʣ𣬾ܻµ
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬֪ԼˣҲۿȪڲվɵӶܿǲҶ㣬Źܡ
ҶǿƣɫܲÿȪһдϣóȻ֣ûκΰա
ҶԷ丮ĵӣһȥ丮ĵңҲԶˡ
Ҳ˭ҵӣ˸ô㡣
һ˵ĲҼһӡ
ϣλûйϵȪвСŮ
˳ȻҶ㣬ղŵ򵥵˵һ顣
üͷ壬֪ʲô飬ҲۿҶϳȪΪֻϣҶͷϸҲˡ
˭֪ҶǿƣӣһԲϣ׼ֵĴ㣬ʮΪѡ
Ҷô뿪Ժк棬Ҫǳ֣²УǿˣһУҶͿˣһҶͱֵʮǿơ
Ҵ˵ģҪҪ𣬾ңҽʱ뿪ǣǣ
Ҷ˵ֱ꣬ӳȥڶȥѾʺڴȥˡ
ѹͲǼ˵ʣǵĳȥԺվԭط㶡
ȵȵȣȥʦܣ
Ҷ뿪᰺ܿ׷ȥҪҶͳȥ
ܿ׷Ҷ㣬Щ˼
ʦܣԲˣ
᰽ĸҶһǸ⣬߻ҶǸ
ûֻ̫ˣȥɣþûмĸĸȥúǡ
Ҷתӣûŭ⣬ʮ͵ĳ˵
ʦܣĲˣ
ЩţղҶΪɱˣܸܳҶɢǹɱ
ûʲôģȥɣ㸸ĸõˣһҵһջס£򿪣һȥ򡣡
Ҷ˵꣬תܿ뿪ҶıӰ۽Щʪ
صԺּг϶û뿪᰻Χ
ᰣղǸҲ丮ĵ𣿡
ҼЩȻŷϳŵӵ뿪Ϊʲôһֳ衣
ǿ𣬺αʡ
Щɺٲȥ
СӲ£㲻Ҫ⡣
æԲüҪһʶ
䰡ЩǷ̫ˣӽԺ󣬼ָǵԴӦӽǾͰɣסԺȥĻҪõĶࡣ
ҼȻһľָһҵԴӦһ˵ء
л
æлȻ֪һжΪղ߳Ժӵꡣ
ˣһԲҾͲˣúž۰ɡ
˵뿪ˣ»Ժˡ
ֱǴӵã̶Сʱʱ䣬Ȼ˷츲صı仯
߽᰾﷢ᰵĸ˹ȥ
ᰶĸףղǸǲˡ
ᰵĸ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʵ
ĸף˵ʲôأֻͨʦֵܹϵ
һ죬֪Ҷ֮䲻ܡ
ƭĸˣܿ˼㲻Ȥ𣿡
ΪˣȻ˽ԼŮϧ仨ˮ顣
תԴԸۡ
ᰶղżҪǰᵽԺȥҲΪǸʦܹϵͬһ㣬չǣ˵ǰỹǲᡣ
ᰵĸûȥǸһ£Ρ
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һֱҪĸһĻȻˣ᰻ǽ鸸ĸȥǡ
֮ҶҵһջĴӦòƽ߷ӿϣܽ
ʱ䣬һζϣ᰾ĸˣҪǰɫöˣ죬һʮҸ
ʦܣ򿪵ӣǳɣ
᰻һ׽·͹Գһ·ϣ֪˻Ŀ⡣
ɣ
Ҷû⣬˺ܿ뿪ջȥ
һ·ϣгǧ߷׷ǰҪ솴ǻҪЩ˽ȥһưˮ뵽˴֮һ
Ⱥ˿ۣϾһοв߽ٵɻǰа˽ٵɶ롣
ٵֻǵףƽȥҲڻҵĽɫã˰ɱӶԴ
ʦܣҪҪ丮һǴļҲӡ
Ȼ֪Ҷʵǿ󣬱ϾôֻˣȣֱСĿ
ˣϲʦ˶లȫϵߣʦ㻹ʦֵһɡ
ҶܾˣҶͲϣһǰһҶжʮֲ㡣
ǻ˰ɣֻǵʦܵİΣ
죬Ҳ̸⡣
ǵǳ֮ÿһܴǧˣ嫵棬½½˽ȥһһ˱ֵͣܿҶǡ
վϣҶһÿδ͵ʱʧصָоʮֲ
˵ܿʧãã֮У𽥱СָСʧ˵ߵС
솴ѲˣǴ˿Ưãã֮Уַǰһһӹ
ͻȻҶ˰֣ǰ濴ȥΪڴ͵Уٶر죬˵ֻ֫ԡ
Ҷ̧ͷǰȥԶһĹΣ鲼ʹ⻪һһһ㣬
ڣ֮󣬾뿪Ƭãã棬ƬʵǺڡ
գʰ쵵ĹǣӰֱʧڹ֮Уʧ
ŵ⣬ҶҲ˭֪ʲôΣյԼ
ǽЩйΣҶ⣬Ӧڱһ֣ƽʱҲ˵Ƭأһƽ㣬ԲŲΣ޷ɢȥ
ԽԽ˺ʼأǲĹΣ޻һʮȥܿУ岻Ծ³
Ϊ˷ֹɢϣ˫ֽ߬һ
ֻ磬Ʋ֮У׹ܿʼֳʩչ壬ֱȥ
һյ֮˸оܵ˫Ҳˣ̧ͷ棬ʹΣңԶǿ֮ϣ
ʦܣڵ򣡡
̤ʵصĸоãʮ˷ܣÿʮſһΣһοʱʮ꣬Ȼܽ


1237 
˽̤ʵ֮ܿȥҪĻҪá
ȫҲһ磬솴ֻ࣬鲻ԲΣһ鷽Σֳĸ
ΪĵشҲƽ㣬δγģԭʼĴ½
޾ĺ֮дУ°빦ѹÿʼ˷׷ӿС
ŵĵطһƬСܿһЩСޣںΧˮ࣬Ȼ£ǳ겻Ĺϵ
ŭ·ޱŭˣҲ·һֱ˵أ޷ȥЩ֯һʮܡ
ʦܣһΪĸ飬˷ĹǸ󣬲׺һԼϽɣÿ߽ϣܴҵЩˣ϶ʮ꣬ҲԸ뿪˲µġ
ᰵ֪ʶȻҪҶḻĶ࣬ϾҶ̤򲻾ãܶණʮİ
ʦ㣬ô֪ôࣿ
Щϣļ䵱УҲֻ֪ڲĽṹ˽١
ҲǴʦֵ֪ģϧ˲أȻʦܵĲŻ϶ĵͽģЩϢȻͻΪ㽲⡣
᰿ЦһǰǺĵӣӴ浱ȻҪҪö࣬ϢȻҲͶ࣬Ҷ𣬲̶µ顣
Ҫµʱ䣬Ҿ͸㽲һЩṹĴ
ûż뿪
ҶûĿ꣬˽ϢҲûл飬֪롣
ʵɽһɽǧһսɽѣ֮УҲڵ˭֪ɽĵϣÿʮһСѭھͻ򿪣ܽ򡣡
Ҷ˵ͷҲתκתƽ⵽ĳһϵʱ򣬾ͻһţҶס
֮󣬺ܶ߾ͷĽ룬ڼǰʱˣɽ籦Ҳ棬ñ丮¥Ǵõɽ޷ƳģƳɽȣǲ̫ࡣ
ƺ˵ҳһҶȴһȻ
Ǻ壬˾ͽ壬Ǵʱ𣿡
ҶƺЩˣæʵ
ûһֹ¼壬˾ͽ壬εڣǵõһöķȥͿ˷ڡʥõһʥѪ˷ʥնս̵õһ飬Ҳ˲𡣡
ޱ¥ţԺħĻȪħڣħڣǴʱ򣬻еıſһĻʳ
᰽Ĵ򶼸ˣԭĴЩȻ𣬸кܴĹϵ
ϧʱ꣬ıͱ˸ϴٵϴ٣ôȥĴȥˣǰǰ˵õһ˾ѪҵƬĪĻԵ
Щʱ꣬ٶıҲôһδεѰңƬض˷һ׳ˡ
ˣÿʮ껹˷ӿΪײײԵҲ©һ
Ȼ˵ĳɷ֣ˣû˽ҲҲͷˣ˴ͷ˾ͷ׷Ч£ⱦ֣֮ԡ
Ҹ˵˵ĴһЩ飬һ˷ĹȻǧ˶ڴˣγһƬأҲν˷Ĺ߽ͨܲסɽķȻĶҲһܵõ
᰼򵥵˷Ĺľܲ֯ɽ編߽ͨȥֱӱط飬˷Ĺ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ǹʵһһʮ㣬Ե丮ǰھŲ㣬õаڵʮ㣬ˣҲû˳ɹȥıӶһգʣµģҲһЩˡ
˵꣬ͣһ£ܿ˵
׺һʵһ󺣣м䣬һ죬⵺֮ϣɵôЩȥˣûҵ죬ɵҲֻڴ˵
ǹϽҲһƬĵطﴣһ޴Ľ߿ڽ֮£ΪмĺôҪõϿɡ
ͷųУһЩɽ繦似ǿɵÿһֻʮΪ˵õʮڽ֮£ֻѪܼ
˵𽣱ЩԹֻҪڽԳɹͻһ硣
߻ȥλãΪ˴֣Ѫɺӡ
ŵҶ֪ˣüͷ΢壬һβֹ˽ε򣬻ħ򣬶ǰ
ʦ㣬Ĵ鲻ͬʱǰɣ
ȻĴ飬ֻѡһзҲϾͬʱȥط
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Ҷˣ飬ÿһʮʱ䣬мڼ죬ǰʮ죬һȻȥ֮ʱµʱ䡣
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ҶæʵĴ飬ޱȾ޴󣬿϶д˽ȥҶҪһЩ׼
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ֱ˵һ飬˷ĹҲߵķĹÿһοгǧԶ
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û˱ҶеҪõ˾ѪҶ㿨ٵϣҶ򵥼һ£Ҫʱ䡣
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ҶŶʮ꣬⣬ʮ֮ǰͻƵ߽ٵɣǸħڽ֮ϡ
ϧҶȲˣҪһ֮ڣﵽ߽ٵɵĳ̶ȣлӴ¥ȡа
ֻ˾ѪܰҶɵɵ֮ͻٵɣҶĿġ
ﵽٵɣҪȡаǲҪ߽ٵɣҶԱ֮͵ĵˣ߽ٵҶ㶼˵ȫˡ
֮УҶ㲻Ҫҵ˾ѪҪ취ͻƵٵɣڽɵͻ߽ٵɡ
ֻҪﵽˣҶļƻҲȫʵʩˡ
˺ܿ뿪ԭأȥճƻ𣬿ϧûйߣֻеĹΣƱ⣬ΪĵشյĹâ䲻
ûаҹһֱʰ쵣ҲԴïʢ鲼ܶ˵òǿһҲǲѡ
ڵ£ߣڼ֮УγһƬ츣ء


1238 ˷Ĺ
һ·ϿټУ˷ĹѾˣѾȵִʮʱ䣬ȽȥǺȥܴ࣬ܲҪġ
·ߵʮСģܿߣһЩޣ־Ž޶ϡ档
ʦܣǰӦþ˷Ĺˡ
ָָǰһƣڵסʰ쵵ĹΣ·һƬأķޱȻңǾŽٵɽȥпܱ顣
Ƭ˷Ĺ֮󣬼ǧڴˣ۳һƬأǼ˽Ҳоʲô
˴ʱ䣬վ˷ĹԵߵشŨɢֱӴһս
ʦܣǽȥ𣿡
᰻ЩԥѡĵصȽƫƧϽʱȽЩѾ˷Ĺˡ
ȽȥУ˳Ҳ١
Ȼˣ϶ֱߣЩŤɽ編򣬶˵ģǶҶ˵ϱ
Щռɱ¾֮Լ˱磬ЩǴɽ編
ãȽȥ
Ҷ޽֮ɫҲҶ̤һƬڵء
̤˷ĹҶоһƬ֮أݲȡ
ֻһƬĹڵĵ棬ʲôûУ·һƬء
ᰲԾһ£ƣ߼裬ľ벻ǺԶʶһɢȥͱط飬һжҪƾԼıܷӦ

Զײڽˣһֱ϶ܶ˵Χ
˼ʮأ᰻ʼܲס
Ĳǵҵߣˣأᰲٵɣѵֵ
ʦܣҲˡ
ᰵ촽ףûֱ£ݶʼ
ᰵӣҶһ̣˷ĹֻΧҪҵҪ롣
ʦ㣬˷Ĺʺ㱾ŮˣأأҸطϢһ£һʱ֣ȳȥǾۼСǸط档
Ҷ˼һ£ȳȥȻΣգʱ壬Ͳǻôˣ͵
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᰸ҶѣϣСһЩĴ󲿷ֶǸ֣صŷ׷ǰΪһֲ
İɣҲ£
Ҷ˵ͷ֣ɵȥ˾϶жԶӶԶ
˺ֿܿᰳȥˣֻʣԼҶжˣٶӿ죬ϵ룬ֻн˷ĹлѰҵ˾Ѫ
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ΪҪסҵȥ·
Ҷһ˿ɫʵ
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Ҷô£ԷһԼʵٵɣסԼɱ˶ᱦ
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ҶЦˣ¶õЦݣʵͣٵɣɫףһͬУҲǶĴڡ
Сӣ񣬾Ȼѧ˵һ㣡
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󺺱ʮѿһɥ仯Ҳ̫ˣղŻһģת֮䣬ͱӡ
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ҶͻȻֱһ󵶾ȻܿƣҶֱߣǺö˵Ҳ֮У溬кܶັĽ
Щʶʮʺ޸ɱ¾֮Ҷ˷ѡ
ԼĴ󵶱Ҷߣ󺺶Ҫˣ֮£ԼĴָ˳ҶһĿࡣ
ףһ
ԷĴָҶ㶢ϵĽɫףҲһ͵ķҶ㲻ôҪΪħű书ʮǿ
һͲǷһкܶ౦Уֽ֮󣬿ɵ˱С
УˣҾ͵ù·ˡ
˫أܾҪǹ·Ƕˡ
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Ҷһģֱӽķˣ°ĭ㱻ιȥ
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浹ùһδ٣㣬·ûˡ
󺺿ɥȻһδ٣Ҷ㣬Ϊһ۸棬˭֪
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飬ҲϣԶûڵ£һôŻһ𣬹ƻ䣬кܶ಻Ϊ֪ĵط϶б֡
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ҿߣǰڤϴγֵʱ򣬾˾Ѫ֡
ԶŲسһطӵȥ


1239 ڤ
󣬾Ѫ겻࣬Ƭء
ӵ־뱻ΪƯ˷ĹУڤ־ӵһ˿ڤ⣬ÿڤ֣϶˾Ѫ֡
˳Ҷܿ׷ȥǧڳͬһۣڤǴǸֵġ
֪Ϣ֮˷ӿˣƾһ˾Ѫô˷ӿ룬Ҷͣסӡ
ʶɢȥԶӰܶҶǸоƺô򵥡
ڤôô׾ͳֻ֣˷ĹΧ˾Ѫֻٵɶ޷룬Ǵﵽ߽ٵɣֵܵЩŤķ
ͻȻ֮䣬ζ
ã
ҶͻȻһʩչ˻֮磬ֱʧԭأԶȥ
ޣã޳ˡ
ԶĲҽֿ޺бײ
ͷޣɢϢȻǰ˽ޣʵǳֲϲǴŨĵطڤҲǹûൽˣһһɱѪ⡣
ҶղųֵĵطѾ˼̶̼ʱ䣬ʬ޴棬ֱɡ
ɱ¾ڲϼղŸǧˣ˼ˣͷѲú壬
ڱ׽ʱ޿̽Уֻм߽ٵɣ
Щٵɣٵɣ׷׵زЩŤķֱӽǵи֧顣
ڸߣһĻ֮󣬷׷룬Ҳҿ
ɱ¾һʱʱһǧԶͷ޳ɱٴλָƽ
վڰ֮⣬Ҷͣס壬ңҺ÷ּʱȻҲΧҲҪƾ
˽ޣʵǳɲƾһŭ𣬾˵꣬Ҷ㿿Ѱ·
ղŵ֮󣬴ԵС˺ܶ࣬ٿǰʮСġ
ԽԽ룬ŤķأЩʵСѾܲסֻεҡҡͷ׷ȥ
룬Ѱ·ˡ
Ϊûа磬Ҷֻܿаʱ䣬˷ĹѾʱˣ·һߣкԶһ·
ԽԽ룬ֵҲ𽥼٣һŤķʼΣҶоħ޷ֵֻߡ
ҵһɾʯͷҶϢҷɣһֱעܡ
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ᣬ˶лᣬ˷ĹʲôʱΪҵˣֻȿĶѣ˵ģʲô߼һ˵˷ĹȿģеĶңԹˡ
һ˵Ĳ޵Ĺɫ࣬ղȷڤֻҵڤҵ˾Ѫ
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ҶƹʯҲɭһƬȣֱ磬ֻ֮鲼γľ
֪Ҷһ£꺣֮Уָľ󣬷·޵аħ֮Ҷ˹

Ҷһȣһͷ˹ĽʬɳȥȵҶ㷴Ӧʱ򣬲֪ǻӰԼӰľ
ùŹ֣һҪСġ
Ҷ񣬲ڴ⣬˾ѪûеõС

ͻȻԶһĲҽԴܳٵɣֵסĻӰ˺ѷεĲҽ
˴Ҷ߼ٴѹûпҶ㣬ֻԴߡ
꣡
뿪ʯãһ˳ˣֱһն˵ԴϣѪֱӵ˵ϡ
һĶҲֱ
ħȻħڵˣҶһһ䣬ʧԭء
е˼ССٵɣȻܳסĻӰ
۽гһ죬һνѾɱ˼ʿǵľѪԼǾħڵˣϲԪԼ
һЩħޣа񣬶޹Ůǵ
ҶŲ·Ҳ֪˶Զͣס壬ȵͷʱ򣬷Լ·ˡ
ղħڵˣҶߣ˭֪һߣԼ·ˣ뵽˷ĹܶһƬӰ֡


1240 ɵڤ
Ϊ˱ܿħڵ׷ɱҶŲ·֪ԼӵʲôطɭɭģҶ·һƬ֮ء
ҶëȻǣǸоֻĴ֣ϣһֱļǡ
ȵҶͷʱֻεĴʧָоܲҶȫë
˭
ҶһȣΪ˸Լ׳ڹⶺҲԸ˵֮еĹ顣
ܶһֱ˹飬õʱ򣬶棬ҷصأ߰ѵʱ򣬷ԼȻˮϡ
һЩаĹ飬ֱӰһɭĵطһӶֱ߲ӱԼ
һƬģֻҶĻʲôҲûУϴıоȻڣҶҪץ
֮£Ҷֻóϸ۲죬⵽һߣڻղŽĵ·ܲ߳ȥ
ķŤ߽ٵɽ嶼ԳܣǾħʱڰҶ㣬ѱ顣
˺üأȻɭɭģκγ··ÿ·һʲôͬ
ͻȻҶоǰлζʧԭأ˳Ż׷ȥ
ǰбȻ򶷡
ҵòڤҲõ
ܴü֮⣬Ҷܿͷֱ岻ҿЩŵӣһʵֲԼܰȫ϶ưոݡ
˵Ĳ˭Ҳõڤ
ΪöڤѾ˰ȻĽ׶ΣȻԼòҲ˵õ
䣡
ԶҶϤֱը֮ľըܿռ䶼ʼζ
һεĲ֣ҶһΣ㱻Ʒɳȥ
߽ǿıը֮°˽ٵҪΨֲıܿ
Ҷ㰵ľڵ̻ܿͷǳˣҶޣҲ޷ɡ
Ȼǿ󣬲ҪĲһޱ󣬲Ȼκ˶ʹˡ
󲨶Ӱζ˿ˣڤ
ҶҪߣһŻ泯ԼɹһֱڤֱӳҶ㡣
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ڤԼҶʶ˲Щ˿϶ΪԼڤΪҹĿꡣ
Ȼ߰˵ĿܿҶ㣬رҶֻٵɵʵôҰ˼⡣
ӹˣڤƯҶǰֱճסҶ·ҪУƺһ塣
ô
ҶЦãЩΪһڤͷѪΪڤڵãڤԼմҶϣҶ㶼һֲ
ߣ
Ҷ㼸û˼ʱ䣬ֱʩչʧԭأڳʮҲͲˣΪڤḽϡ
Ψһİ취ӣӣ϶ᱻ߰飬ڤҶѡӵԽԶԽá
ҶҪߣŭ߰˵Ӱ׷ҪҶľ롣
˭֪ҶٶȲҪ߽ٵɻҪ죬գ֮ʧԭأҶòѾҼ
˭Ϊܲٿڤ
ҶӰӳʧ߰˶ͣס˽ŲʶͷŵĿռޣһ룬ܲҶδ
л˼ԶһĲ֮ɫѹûҶ㣬˵ӡûС
˲򵥣ٵɴ˷ĹкܶܣֵܵŤķǸ·ҪСӣƺķӰ졣
ҲһɻЩͲͨССٵɣô˷Ĺߣڴˡ
丮֮ˣ֮ǰٵɣµʱ䣬սʤٵɣ֮նɱĳĴС
˵ˣǰĺĵӵһγأ丮̸ľҲò
ΣԼˣκ˶ῪʼעһͻٵɣͻΣʥӵλãǲòţĵĶ
е˼丮ȻӣڤĸӦҵ˾ѪǾͲˡ
ζЦݣ°һɽӡ
˾Ѫô׵õģȻõڵľ磬Ҳ޷ֻ֮Ҫ뿪˷Ĺ취ֱˡ
л˼Զֱ˵˵Ҷûл˾Ѫ֮ɱˣãʮּ򵥡
˷׷׵ͷⲻֻҪȺ˷ĹĳڼɣֻҪҶһͽ֮¡
ϧ˷Ĺ֮㣬˭֪Ӻγ֡
üͷ˷ĹǼʮ֮ңҶֻҪط˭ֻܷ֡
⻹򵥣ǳȥһ¸ڸɵĵӣǷɢܣ˷ĹгȫסֻҪһڳֽ֮±ǡ
л˼ԶǵʮܵһθڸɽֲֹǼˣֻҪٻһȻкܶԸЧ͡
ⲻͬ
ͬл˼ԶҲû׷ױʾͬ⣬ܿЩγһСˣΪ˵õ˾Ѫǰӡ
ܿ죬߰һ뿪طϾôɭĵطʮֲ
˵Ҷ㣬Ų·ıӣʧ˷򣬸֪˺δڿǰīɫĻ棬Цá
㵽ǸʲôΪҪϡ
Ҷڸڤ˵Ψһҵ˾ѪĽݾ
ܿ죬ڤдݳһϢȻָҶߣҶϲ
ѹҪڤԭˣֻҪҵڤָ˾Ѫ֮ء
ҶˣЩΪβһеĴۣҪڤ
ڤָʾ·ߣҶСǰԽߣŤķأռ䶼ʼŤҶԼߵĵ·ڸŤʱش
Ϊ˾ѪҶȥˣֻҪõͿɵлͻƾ磬ҶĲˡ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬ڤٴδһϢҶ㳯ҲȥʼǸղǹӣ˺Ҳʧ
ǰĹҲָҶ㿴һȻһƬԴ֮УСˮѻзȥɺףҶ㳹ԭء
ɽ磿
صĳһɽ磬粻ӵŨ־ܱɽɽ
ԣǻӰɽӰӣ
ҶȻѹͲʲôɽ磬ⲻһͶӰѣȻǽɽ֮ǰģҶִһһָ·õġ
ҶõУڤٴδݳϢҶ룬ƺ˵ľѪõ統С
ţҶ㲻ŵˣһ䣬䣬䡭ڤˣƯҶΧҶȫ𾪣˼ά˶·


1241 ˾Ѫ
ҶƬþ֮еʱ򣬴ƯöڤΧҶζҶϵöڤֿܿҲЩڤϵһ
ĳҶЩʴӣΪ˵õһöڤĺأﾹȻöڤһʲôҸ
ЩڤҶΧȦ֮ͬʱͬһطƮ˹ȥҶֻøں棬׷ʲô顣
˳СˮһɽҶ㿴һĻﾹȻһͤӣͤмλãһŮḧٵࡣ
ˮɽĺɫ̡
;ȥϧն졣

ί͸ſ飬ƺ˵Ҳڵˣ͸޾ļį˼Ҷ㲻У
ȵҶŴָоѹֻУ˼мš
ҶҲףǸǰȣԵ̫ס
Уһ˿ʣƺܶĻ꣬ٴĳԹɱ⣬֮󣬶ΪΣħ
ǰôƺ
Ҷǰһʮֹʩһ̫죬˷Ĺ֮УһƬԴУҶȫɥʧ˶жϵ
ʾмһȥɽ
Ů̧ͷһҶ㣬һճ֣ҪҶеŮ˶ҪƯƯ򱶣ֲ£ҿһۡ
ϢһţΪն޹⣬·һǣûκεʶôһ˿ź
ܿ죬ŮʧҶǰͤӱųʧֻķ紵Щڤһ̣ȫʧ
Ҷ߽֮ͤУȻеζԭأղһжӰʵʵʵʵĸоҶжϲֲʵģֲõġ
ͤϣڷһƱھƱУװһɺɫҺ壬ɢϢղŮƺΪöƱࡣ
˾Ѫ
Ҷǰ㱻ɲϢɳȥƱ֮УȻʢʮ˾Ѫݱ̬ҪֹҶ㿿
Ҷ⣬˾Ѫһں֮УĳѨ£Żᱻ˷֡
ֱӰڷϵģʵƺ󣬹⽫ԼľѪٴˣǵȺ֮ߡ
Ҷʵ£޷ֵסѪɢϢľѪȻʵǰ֮һҲˣǷ̥Ⱦָ
˱ѹ
֮£Ҷ˰˱뵽ѹУҪ˾Ѫֿ񱩵ѹȥȻԶ޷
Ȼõ˰˱ѹֿ񱩵Ϣܿ챻ѹȥҶҪҲôס
ܵѹϵıӾһζҶɢҰްŭҪѰ˱ѹҪ˵ء
ϰףҲһѹ
Ҷ˷Ľףȫһ֮޷˾Ѫȡ
СӣһѹǲеģҪûӡǣ˫£֮ܽշ˾Ѫ־Ūǻ⵽ɡ
Ľ׸Ҷ㴫ѹֻѹǿƣ𲻵ʵԵã˾ѪһᱻҶȡ
֪һ÷ӡܲܽʱѹס
ҶѾʶˣһֱӽߺȻǲܵģһҪõ˾ѪϿɣڶҪӡֲӡ
Ҷ˽֣˾ѪͻȻǾͷǳҪһʧſԡ
Ľ׵ļ룬ϵıӻζƵʺܿСӽĴڣȫѹһ
Ҷ˫ֽӡַӡ֣һһ㣬ڱ棬Щӡѹ֮
˷ӡѹӻζƵٴμᣬѾоˣֻпֲϢƺҪѱӡ
ˡ
ռ俪ʼȶӱӵУͷһɺϢ˱ֱӱɳȥɱ¾֮Ҳδ⣬Ǳϰס
Ҷ壬׻ߵķݣֱӵɳȥһѪ
ÿɲϢ
ҶϲҰһƬ˾ѪֻʣôһҲҶܿ⣬һҶվٴο
ֿɲϢˮޣͤӷԲʮףҶ㾹Ȼ޷ƺһεĽƷסˣ޷
ô
һɽڷҶǰȴ޷õ˾Ѫ󣬿Žٵɡ
ⱦͰڷҶֻ̾˺üְ취޷ơ
֮
һöڵˣҶҪǿ˺ƣ֮ͤУٴȡ
ϧ֮ϵʱ򣬱һǿһɶе֮ȫʧ
ְ취Ҷȫˣ޷ǿĽƣЩƣҶ㶼δ
ѵҪҷ𣿡
ҶЦһĸģΡ
ƴһΣ
ҶͻȻҧҧ촽׼ŸԪǿƣͲˣԾŸԪƲơ
ˮҶ汼ӿͷų棬ֵ⣬Уݱ̬Ϊһֻƽֱ֣ץ¡
꣡
Ƴһѷ죬ƽֹȻãֱٴһƣӴ˺ѵٶȣҪһܽƳ״򿪡
ģ
Ȼ䣬һɿɲ֣ӱ־Ҷ˺ѽƣȻ˵־
Ӳ־Ҷ㾹Ȼƽһѿܲס˵־
꣡
ƽķѣֱ飬˺һӣܿϣ·δֹһ㡣
飡
Ҷ屻ɳȥһѪȾؽ
ô
Ҷ¶֮ɫѵҪ
УҾܷµȥӪȣЩ޹ȥ˾ѪұҪõ
Ҷ﷢ŭվǿϢ֣ղҶ˾ŸԪһ֮еԪȫָ׼һΡ
˱ɱ¾֮֮ìȫƴ׼Ҷһ֮ȫ򿪡
ҿ
һȣһεĻƽָʵʣʵһ㣬貵Ĺâɢ·趯
ЩڻƽϵƣͻȻâʢ׵˺ѽƣֱ֮ӳץȥǿȡ
ӣҲȡҵľѪ룡
ҶҪȡʱ򣬱־ͻȻˣΪһ¶֮ɫһɽ編ֱ֣סҶĻƽ֡
ͻȻֵ־Ҷ΢䣬ҪѾˡ
ģ
ٴαɳȥһɵĸԶֱӻԹȥ
ڴʱ
꺣еķͻȻâʢֱӷ˳ǵεĽƣֱڱ棬֮ѹͻȻ飬Ҷһ㵡
Ƿ
ܽʧˣҲֹͣζʵ޻һŷɵĻɫֻֽļµ·Ȼϡ


1242 ׺һ
ʧˣҶվӣͤȥʵ޻ķֹͣ궯ıӣһĲ֮ɫ
ӣַɢһ˾Ѫӡ˵־ѹȥ
ȻԼɳ϶ĵԲȥˣսָ֮С
˾ѪʧܵĻþһʧ紵ҶһƬأϺˣöǣ˵Ĺͷ
ЩͷɢӨı⣬˸˷Ĺǧˡ
ҶִһڹͷָһӴЩͷȻΪҽʧ
ʴ˹ͷҲܲסע룬ͻ᳹ʧ
ϧô˺ǣܴȥһɽֻҪȫͻָտɴ
űغǣҶ̾ϢһЩѾ绯Ҳʧ̫Զ
Ҷʲô⣬Ҷ㳯˷ĹȥҲаˣʮ֮޷ȥԶ˷Ĺ֮С
һʱ䣬ܿ˷ĹΧ򣬿һ·Ӱûз֣ʮʱ仹δ˶Ѿˡ
Щ˷Ĺر֮ٹʱ䣬¸鿪ӣЩΪǰü뿪ˣ
ѵѾ֪Լõ˾ѪѾȺ򣿡
Ҷ˼磬ܿͨһЩ顣
ʱڤճԼϣ˿һ϶ΪԼܻ˾ѪֻҪ漴ɣʱԼͻͶ
ڸŵĵλټһЩͨӣ̫򵥲Ҷվԭأ˼Բߡ
óȻȥ϶ǵȦףҪһȫ߲֮С
Ҷ㰵˼˷ĹǼʮֻˣһ˷Ĺ֮Уüǧˣ⼸ʮﲻȫǡ
ߣ
ҶʩչʧԭأȻԭ·۷ٳȥǳȥѡһ򣬼ǰ
ʱһȥʮ֮ڽһˣҶ㻹δ֣˵Ȳˡ
ҿСѾ˷Ĺǰװ׵ĵ˺üʱ䡣
ڷɧ죬ëûеȵҶ㳹ʧƺ˷Ĺ֮ˡ
ڵȵȿͷܷ˷ĹǱؾ֮أѡĳڣа֮ǶҪ˱ᣬѡѰ·
л˼ԶȻţƺҲЩҡˣΪ˷Ĺرգֻмʱʱ䡣
ر˷Ĺǲ׺һڴ֮ϣѰǴ˵֮еСС֮ϣһöɵ˭ҵ̷ȥͻͻһ硣
ˣǰҲûҵ׺һλãһֱƯãã֮ϣ޼գѰҡ
˿̵Ҷ㣬ʮǱһƬأ飬ҺԼй֮ЩŲҿ
ȵ뿪˷Ĺʱ򣬺ڻϣʮʱڵˡ
գй֮ҪԶ˷Ĺˡ
Ҷң֮Դ³˵Ⱥ򣬳ȥͶȻΣգҲоա
ôҶҪȥѰᰣ϶֮٣ȻǿԼһԼݣʱҲḡˮ档
ŪûвԼõİ취ǲ᰼棬
ҵһ֮أҶֱӶݽԻͼ֮У˭Ҳ޷ҵʱ䣬˶ѰҶӰӣõ˾ѪϢѾ¶ȥ˶¶Ŀ⡣
򵽵ʲôʺˣڤȻϡ
ܲһ֮ɫһ·֮ϣûҶ㣬ԭ˭֪Ҷ˷ĹֱӶټ
ڴϢ丮򣬳ɹõڤϿɣ˷ĹпѾ˾Ѫ
Ҷ˼ĴԣѾ˷ĹЩҪҶϻȡˣʮְաֻýĿⶢһ顣
ʱ䣬һζҶڰԻͼ֮Уȹʮ֮á
ʮʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ڲ˾ѪŵһΣֱϧÿζʧܣԼľ绹ǲ
ӰԻͼ֮˳Զһãã󺣣ǲ׺һİˡ
ӿ룬׷޾Ĵ֮ϣѰǴ˵֮еС
óʹֻڴ֮ϺУҲմ֮ϴ󣬷еĵط
ÿе֣д˷ӵֲɵ֮뿪Ѱңʱһȥգ֮䣬ʱȥˣһû֮ϣʧӰ١
ҶһҶۣƯڴ֮ϣˮԪأ׵ں״ʱˮ棬͸͸
ҪǣҶбˮڴ֮УƽأҪߵٶȿĶࡣ
ǿޣҶҲţսһ춯ء
֮У̾ᣬҶȻбˮ飬ǲҴ⣬һѰҲ׺һѰ֮еһЩ
һȺǿιҶ㵽һʯ棬ⱻ˷֡
һֻֻ˲£ǰ˳ȺӵˣͲѰˣΪôۼһڳĳһζ
Ҷ޷ǣЩʮֻңȴƽʱһЩдڣʮǢһȥ
Ҷʮַѽ⣬һ壬ʮֻңͬ壬һҲ໥໥ʳνĴССϺ׵ĵ
ǰιЩ㣬ǿ㣬ҲϺףǵ֮Уһ֮ɫ
ѵҪȥʲô
ҶҲɻ֮ɫֻôͣ˵ͨ
ԽԽ㳯ǰۣϵ
ȥԵ޹ʵļһ𡣡
Ҷĵĸں棬ҿᴩóȻȥŪûᱩ©ݡ
ںȻвֻҪСĶԴҲȫ
̣
ҶͻȻоһζܵˮͻȻתҶоתȵӦʱһͷӴˣаֻ֮һβͰڶͽҶƷɳȥ
ÿֲ㣡
Ҷֱʯ϶֮Уž޴ͷ֮ιð亹
൱ھŽ޵㣬ҺöԼûжĵ⡣֪ΪΣֱӸҶˡ
Щ񣬶һƬ֮ɫκδеĶš
Ҷӹһ٣ȻԾŽޣһɣܽҶֱӽ顣
ž޴ʧҶ˳˳ȺԽԽԶĹҲ֣һ˿˸
ɽ
ɹ⣬Ҷԭأѵǲ׺һˣ
ЩǧΧ˽⣬ڳһЩԽԽʢײһð
ѵ׺һٴ֮ϣ֮У
洫Ҷƺʲô
ЩǱɹģԲŹݣȻҲɽ磬νԾţһΪ⾳
Ծɽпܱ㣬ɽ硣


1243 ɵ
ԽԽʢ͸棬ݵ֮ϡ
ιԽԽ࣬̾ڽܣһһ㣬飬Ҷ㿴Ŷͷۣǲ׺һô㣬Ҷ޷
ڽǣһС͵ˣ棬ûֲֻһǴ֮дݳ
͸ϵʱ˵ĹעͻȻ⣬ⲻ֮УС
׺һ
˷һ׺һϹֹһ֮Ҳûгֹޱ¥õһɵӶޱ¥
ʱԣ׺һ֮Уһɵʱʱޣޱ¥δܽɵȡһξǼȥˣ׺һҲûгֹ
ʱգ׺һٴɫâԢɵҲⷬ󣬵һʱǰȲǱˮס
ɵɲɣ۵ɵԱ⣬Ǻƣɽ編ӵƣϾƷɵǾŽٵ̷ҲֻӼͻƾĻᣬһͻơ
׺һ֮гֵɵͬɽƣɽ編򣬲κξ磬ֻҪ£̷֮һ硣
ǾŽٵɵõ̷֮շֱӳΪˡ
⣬׺һǴҵսռսҪȡı
߽ٵɵõȥ֮úñչأͻư˽ٵɣ̷ɵȫлŽٵɡ
ڸʱ䣬һ˵ջҲ̲סοˡ
ٵ̷ͻƵ߽ٵɣż壬һλǣҪǣɵԸıʣԺĪİΪŽٵɣҲϡ档
ԣ˭ܵõɵĪĻԵܸıʣܸıˡ
ԽԽʢܴǽһֱݷں֮£µû֮ϣΧЩ㾹Ȼ޷ɵɣһҲܻΪɡ
յʱ䣬Ѿкܶߴ֮뺣ףҲ׷׿˲׺һľ󣬵̾ᣬз׷פ
֮УȻж裬ǺˮѹǻǰĽŲһ㽻֣ʵҲۿۡ
бˮˮ½һ㣬ϧ֮Уˮ٣УҲû֣Ҳˮ顣
ԽԽ࣬һ׷Χڽ࣬ûиóȻжмŻδ򿪣֪
Զᣬ棬Լл˼˷׷׳֣丮λӣԼλʥŮں֮£һȺۻۣ˷Ĺзƣܶ޷롣
ֻҪˣֻʵѹƵĶٶѡ
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ῴűض㣬üͷ壬µǣЩ֮УȻоŽ׵ĴڣȻ࣬һҲ㹻Щ˺һˡ
ҲǱɵģɵֹǶĪĺô˵һҲ󱦡
л˼üͷ壬ɵֻһöߣͷ㣬ҪɹɵҪᣬҪ
׺һһĸ߶ҲˣܵͻȻԢ׺һʱܴ򿪡
ȥģӲˣⱻЩȻ
˰ͲסˣֱӳȥʱܵĹ
սһЩ׷׿ʼھŽ㣬ƺûвǵĿɵ̷ȥֱ𻯷Ϊһͷ㡣
࣬ͷ㣬Ĳɿʱ̶ȥˮѾ˺ɫǧϰپʬ壬һ㸡棬󲿷ֶǶֶϽţҧϡ
ҲʧأʵȻܵѹƣǵķǿÿһγѹʮͷ㡣
ղŻ㣬ܿڳһƬյأݵĽ֣˶һҡ
ߣ˿ʣһ˾ͷǳˣɱ¾ڼ
ΪһöɵǷˣ˺£ֻһǵõɵӴһ·ѰҴ˵֮е
رЩʲǺܺõߣһӶûϣˣֻöɵܸıǵˣҲϧ
ɱ¾ʱ޿̵ĽУҶһֱǱԶˮ飬ɵıܿܶˣһ׺һ
ûбˮ飬ҶҲжԶӶԶڶôߣ˷϶᲻һе׷ɱ
˾ѪȻɵҲϱܸ֮ıʡ
ֱ˿̣Ҷ֪߽ٵɵĿ£Щɣŵһһ𣬷ĳ̶̼ʱ䣬ͳ嵽˲׺һǰ
ͷӴ㣬񳯼ʮ˺ɨܺˮʱˣǹ̷ڵĿˮһЩСߣȻܲסֱը
㣬ɵ˶лᣬҪΪǾŽǾκβ㣬ô֣㲻ɱ㣬Ҳܽش
л˼ԶĺȵȻ֪ö˵Ļ
л˼Զ˵ûʮ߽ٵɣǱܣϣܺһŽޡ
֮У¶м֮ɫл˼ԶĻȫ֮ҲûóȻڶ֣ǵĿһɵȽ˱ˡ
Ȼ˫ûнֵ˼ͺðˣ˭ܽ׺һ
⵺ʮֱ֣ӱסˣòϿɣǾŽٵɣƿ˽ơ
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׷ӿ뵽Χʧȥһ㣬ܵԵÿյôӵ
ԽԽǿң̵ò˶޷˫ֻۣмˣܿµı仯֮У
ԹɵԵ˵֪֮һ˭ĻԵ
Ȼֵַģһܣ¶Ŀ⣬жܻ뿪
ʦôƸԵȻҪʵҲǵһȻĻԵûʵҲȾָɵ
޻һӣҼ̲סҪ
ֻǼ˭֪޿Ǵ̵õ壬ЩҪзǷ֮ˣ˵ˣ˭Ҳڿˡ
ɫĹâһ֣εĽµػҪȥҪƿ֡
Ҷڰ¶һߡ
ɫĹָػ˾ѪĽһģһӦòѡ
Ҷһԣɵջ󣬶Ҷ㵱ȻҲޱ̷ȥͻٵɣҶԼļƻֿһ֡
ƾ˾ѪǲϾҶ㲻֪ܲƳɹʧܣмƻҴ󲿷ֶ֪Լõ˾Ѫ磬ȥ϶ᱻ׷ɱ
Ψһİ취ɵ̷ȥ߽ٵɣҲԱ֮ˡ
Բܴһ㿼ǣҶ㶼Ҫ˵׷ɱˣܻǰΣ
Ѿ̲סˣֳȥܿͱȥ޷ƿĽƣҪ˾ѪҪǿ


1244 Ż
߽ٵɿʼȻ岻ɫĽƣޱ¥ǰӽ˵ĴڣǽŴһѷ졣
ʱһȥ߽ٵɶ޷ƿЩٵԼٵɵߣֻվԶ֣ϣܻˮ㡣
Ž㶯ˣſڣɫĽҧȥ
ǡ
Ʒǵ֩ķ϶ϧЩ϶ȥҷ϶ܿϡ
ŽҲֻ˺һЩ϶߽ٵȥֻܱɣҲ˲ģ˺üΣȻȥ
ܱһžûóȻ֣취
УǱҪһ𣬲л˺ѳһѿڣ׺һóɵ
л˼Զ߼˵
˵ļ򵥣˺ѿڣɵ˭У
ЦһҶԸڸɣ丮Ĵһõɵֹ˭Уһ⡣
㣬벻һ򿪽ƣ
л˼꾹Ȼһ𣬽Ž޵Ҳܳɹ˺һȱڡ
С࣬ò˶ãҵͻʱὫЩɱɵȻС
㷢Ѿٻ֮֮У˷ӵ
ɫ䣬ˣǻ˵ĵ̣ȵ۵ԽԽ࣬뱻ɵ˭֣˵
˺ܿһⱻһֲǳŴ㻹δϵɵ
Ը̰һ𣬸ϼѡ
˶ڳ˼ϹȻԴ򿪣ɵֻһö˭ҲΪ¡
ⲻ֪ڴҳ˼ĹһӰͻȻһζڽΧΣѰһǣû࿿㶼ûС
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Ҷͬһ㣬ɵĽµ֮Уȥ
ղŲͻȻζһ£Ҷˣ׷׳ķ˹ȥ
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丮ĺĵӣõ˾ѪȻû˲׺һ
ϳҶݣһ˸¶ǿҵĵ⡣
˾Ѫֽ׺һֻһ֮ңҵķ׷׾˲ϵĳǲɫ֣޷
Сӵʲôʺˣƺһֱվһߡ
л˼Զˣ˷ĹҶܵðֱӽ׺һ˵ɤ棬·һѼƵãʮܡ
丮˸ɻѣ֣һ£һɿʽɨ丮
ڵɹᰶˣĵӣֻһˡ
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СˣõɵֻҪšԴ
ܲɫɱⰻȻĥҶ㣬ɵ˾Ѫ
ڸɣ׷¶⣬丮Լĵӣ¶֮ɫοˣڱǰֵܣҲС
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¶Ц˵ֻҪҶ̷ɵͻٵɣĳɾͲϻ˾ѪֻҪܸ㵽һöɵͻ߽ٵɣˮɵ顣
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ԶϿЦѣһȻҲ֮УûпֻԶԶĿţӰ֪֮֮ľԽԽԶ
ܿ죬뿪ҲԼΪ׸ΪвĶõİ취ԶЮ֡
ʦ֣õɵɿ϶ưոݣô죬ǰǡ
̽ԵҪ̽̽ƵĿڷ硣
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ãĸʱһɵᡣ
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ɵˣҲ׷飬ȵҶõɵֱһӵϣŴһδӦֱᡣ
ֻҪɵԼߣֱǳ롣
ּıÿһƲߣδҶǿɵⲻ֪ҶҲһߣͽЩ˵۵ס
е˼˷Ĺˣû뵽õ˾ѪҪõɵƤߵˣǵһ
ҲˣɢħҲħеš
лȪħڣž֮ƵƵ֡
˵Ŀ֮£ҶѾߵǰֻҪƿصĴţ֮ܽУѰҴ˵֮еɵ
˵ĶˣɵϾҪ֣ƮһԵľŽ㣬֮УҲ¶֮ɫ
öɵ˼꣬ƸǴ⣬ûκεĸãǰõ֮󣬻Ҫܳһʱ
˫֣ȽɫŻ˼꣬Ҫٴչʾ˵ǰ
ǡ
Ĵŷǵһϸ֣ɢʮŨ֮ʡ
͸ϸ죬Ŀҩ鲼Ǻüɷ֣ƺüöɵĲϡ
ܶҩѾû뵽׺һУȻ֮ࡣ


1245 ɵ
ڳǧĿ֮£ɫĴŽҿصɴ
ֲҩгĹӣǺҩģЩҩöɵ˭Ҫǵõ˵ͻһ磬üҲ⡣
ڸɣʦֻҪ㹻Ĳϣɵ⡣
ϧľɫܿ쿴ˣ¶һ˽ȥķ϶Ҷֱ룬ٴκϡ
ˣСӾȻѴŹˣ
ȻòɵܿľҲã˭֪ҶȨˡ
Ȼ޷ҩƾղǴҴһƳԶ϶ҩǧ꣬ϵĳɷݡ
һöɵôĺԴ˵Щˣ丮ϲˣҪۺ졣
ץĸоҶʧˣ˭Ҳ²ʲô
Ҷ㣬֮˫ͷˣ̹⡣
аŮɣҩҲɼˣ
Ҷ˷ܵҪ裬ðаŮռҩ
ԺӵҩаŮҲˣʶ·޷ӦЩҩұҲδôࡣ
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ռҽȥ
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ƴӵ洫Ҷ㱻ɳȥǰµƣȻ꣬һڡ
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ɵ
Ҷ㾪һɵߵĵУϧޱȸߴֲܷУҪõɵôס
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Ҷֱ˾ϣмɫĲӣڷһöʯСĽɫҩɢһĹԡ
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ںˣҪƿƣҩҲУʱҶѾ֮С
ŽɫĵҩҶһоȫʮ̩еë׶򿪣һ˿˿ڵʴҶ汻ų
ֻɵζܸıʣ̷ȥһʲô⾰
ɵĲӣǺĲϣҲǴ֮ҶһУɵһ봢ָ֮С
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գ
ҶһӣаŮص˰˱֮УΪ׺һڼٵ³
ڹƵߣͻȻоһΣһǿķ֣֮ɫĽǼһѿҲڴݡ
֮УһӰȻܺˮƣٵĳȥ
ˮ飬Ȼбˮѹں½أɴ󡣡
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׷ɱСӣɵ
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ٶȺܿ죬ͷŽ㣬һŭһǿ˳Ҷ
һ
ҶоŽޣǳɲһ˼ҵĵϡ
дӡ
֮ì
ɱһ
ʽ
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нָ
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޾ķ֯һ𣬻۳ɺ۳һɲھŽ޵ںף޾ˣͬһͷŭݺݵײ
ЩСߣֱӱƷɣΪ촷ۣ׵ʧƬء
䡭
֮УӸ߿ոܿˮЩˮҲа֮ߡ
ⳡײ֮Уܴǽң̶һνӣС
ģ
Ҷ׻еĹֱӻ⣬Ĳֲ֮࣬Ĳ̫ˡ
ԶЩŵӣ׷¶֮ɫھŽĹ֮£ҶֻشС̫ˡ
ߣ
Ҷؿڴľʹ˸ľ룬ѸٵĳϷȥֻҪ뿪вҲͲˡ
ǿ׷Сˣ
ɵŵӣ׷뿪ҲϿٵȥ׼Ҷȥ·
ʱ䣬һСˣ׷׷ɳ棬ֲֿƣ֯һγһѤʵĳ档
Ҷ㣬¶һ̣ͻΪһ⣬ʧԭأʩչʹ֮ϻ֮磬ٶȳԽ˹١


1246 ɽ
ҶʧıӰԭأСӵٶô֮졣
׺һ죬ɵͱ˶ߣʣµӣ˭ҲɲʲôΨһģ׷ɱҶ㡣
֮Ϸһʱ䣬ҶҵһεɽϽ֮óԻͼǽϣԼֱԻͼ֮С
򣬵׷ɱˣڳȥ϶ᱻ׷ɱΨһİ취ʵ߽ٵɣҲԱ֮
ѾһţЩ˽ŭй丮ϣĴʥŮЩСҲҷ
ֻǿЩʵµĵӣ۸˱ɵֱɱĴʥҲֻһֻ۱һֻۣϣܴ̼Ҷ㣬Ͻ֡
ʱһȥת֮䣬ȥˣһ黹ʮʱ䣬ʱ䣬ֻܾĵȴ
ҴѾѰҶٴ󣬼򣬲Źÿһأѵ淭ҲҪҶҵ
Իͼ֮УҶܣɵ̫ǿ󣬲㽫űҺ׼׼˺ܶ໤סĵҩűⱻɵű
Ľ׸Ľ̷ۣɵһʱͻ׽٣ֱͻƾ磬ѾȥˣҶ޶
ɵڲϵĴֹǣѪĵѱͭǽڣһ㡣
ɵȻӴǺ캣֮ˮԴԴϵĹӦʯСɵǳֲ֮
Уȥ̫ǿ󣬷ˡ
ҶоԼ˽ٵˣ绹ٵɣȥ϶γɲƽ󣬱Ҫ硣
Ʒʣɵ֮ͻƾ硣
һ׳ɽ編Ҷֱ뼺ʼһ硣
ȥ죬ҶѾȥһʱ䣬һʱ䣬Ҷջ̫Ķ
һɽ֮Ул˼Զ⼸ˣǳŭѾѰûҶӰӡ
Сܵȥˣɵ϶磬ӿ϶Ӳǵʶ
л˼Զһŭ䣬ܲһ˿ķ򲨶ûͻƾ硣
ʱѡ̷ɵһöɵôģûһ¸޷ôһӶ߳ȥ
ΪҶûɵǶĳ
ûֻҪȻͻᱻǷ֣ǼȥңһҪɵҵ
л˼Զ˵꣬ٴʧѰҶټȥˡ
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һ죬Իͼʮ죬ת֮䣬Ѿȥ֮ãҶȹʮʱ䣬ڸоٵɵϢ׼ʼͻơ
һ˿˿׵֣Ҷͷ֮ϣһε׵ʮֲֿһɫɫ׵磬˻
ǿ׵֮վһԵĽ׶ľ̷ɵŭɽ磬ǿ׽٣ҪҶ㳹׻
СӣҪס
ĽĬĬϣҶܿס׽٣׽٣߽ٵҷ𣬺οҶֻͻٵɣ˺ħס
Ҷ֪ܲԼȰ˽ٵɣԽ˽׽٣Ϊͻư˽ٵɵľ硣
ûа취˭̫ǿп˵ֻǿжɽˡ
ԸղҶ˼磬ʥͻƵŽٵɣֱӽپŽ׽٣Ҷǿ޶ûطˣֱӱ׽ٺ
䣡
һ׽£Ȼħף޾Ļ֮ƺܺأ׽£Իͼĵϣ޾ĳЩرѿ
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׽뼺Ҷһ㱻ɳȥڵȻֻǿ⣬ͻƾŽٵɣֻһʲô⾰
һһҶûжܣ׽ٶ磬ܶطȹ̣׽پõĴ
һ˿˿ӨıҶɢڶ⣬õ˼档
ѱ󺣣Ԫ˰˽ٵɣֱƾŽٵɣǳĴһɽ編һ㣬֮Уİ衣
춴ҲѾγɣǺӣģѾγһΣֻȱֻ֮û治ƽ⣬ֻûȻҲһƬš
֮֮ڰһӴ磬Ψȱ֮޷ƿ˵
ǧǧҶյĲ֮ѣ֮֮ѣ֮ûв
׽ٳһʱ䣬˿ûм˵ļȻڻۣɫɫɫչ
ղŻˮͰϸ׵磬ת֮䣬ˮ״ϸɲ׵磬һҪ˺Ҷ
ƣ죬˵ϣҪ֮
׵ĺˮسҶ㣬ǵأûÿһռ䣬Ҷ׵룬׵һһεĹ
վԶĽ׻С׵ˣ¶֮ɫҶ޷ͦȥǰ˽׽٣ֻжɰ˽ٵɵʱŻ֡
Ҷ㲻ͻٵɣ˿ɲ׵磬ֵܵŪþǻҷ
Ҷεɽ棬һȺˣˣѰ˿ʮʱˣûҶӰӣҵ
ʦ㿴ǰεɽǽȥ
һˣŷζһҲĳŵĵӣһѰҶټ
ߣǽȥ
ʦֵһ֣һɽ֮Ǻܿ죬Ƕס˽Ų
ƣ
̷֣ﱻ˲˽ƣȻɽ֮У棬Ȼ˭еûʺĵطýơ
ѵ
໥һۣ׷¶֮ɫ
ʦ֣ѵͶ
ղѯʵӽʵʮ죬ΪѰҶټɵ
С㣬Ҫݾߣⱻ֪
ǸʦӵԴһƣ졣
˸Ͻͣʦֿ߽ٵɣֻٵɣһһ𣬾ϣҵҶ㣬ɵʦ֣Щҩ˹Ϸ֡
ʦ֣аƵЩ𣿡
нػҪɽ軨һֽš
һʱʱ䣬Ҿ֮ܽƿǼȥţ׼κ˿һʲô֪ͨҡ
ʦϱʮ֣أƲǺֻܷҪһЩʱ䣬Ͼ߽ٵɣ㲻ƿҲǿн֮
ɢȥɢ˷˿
һҶȫ֪Ȼڳ׵һһεĹ֮ϣѾƤѪ
ɺɫѪҺǽɫѪҺɢʮʥϢ˵־̷ɵ֮Ҷһ˿˵־˷Ĺ֮лв׺һ־кܴĹϵ
־ѹҶ㲻ûЭԼ־־⣬֪ҶһЩ־裬̷ɵҲһ˿
ģ
ͻȻһֱӽҶƷɳȥʱ䣬ѪͶŤˡ


1247 ٵ
Ҷѵվ̷һЩҩָܿﵽ˰˽ٵɣʣһξѪҲܵѪ
۵Ҷһɢ棬ͻٵɣҶǿʮԪ˼ʮ
ٵɣһȭ֮ܽ򱬣߽ٵɡٺ٣
Ҷûи߽ٵɽ֣ûȽϣţ߽ٵɣҪɱܡ
û֣Ҷ㲻˽ǵʵǰʱ䣬Ҷۿ߽ٵɵʵһȽϣȻжϡ
Ҷζܣ׽ʱ̳Ҷͷ֮ϣ֮£Ҷ˱׼һֿ׽١
ʮðյΪ˱δĳ̶ȣóȻ׽٣һֵסпܱ׽ٻ
Ҷǰ˼ˣﵽ˼ޣֵܵп
ֲ׽٣ǿһ㣬ӿ£ÿһ׵磬޾Ļ֮
˱ҡҡ׹ٵ׵磬ȻǿͦˣұøӴ⣬ͷųһ˿˿Ľ⣬Ƿ⡣
أ޾ɽ編ɵ̫ǿҶվޣܶܣߣǰ˱ԼаŮرȻɵҲͻ˾硣
һ˵õȮ죬õڹͣ
ɱ¾֮ΪѾǱǿд侳磬ֻҪܹ㹻ĲϣȻָܽɽ編˵˿ûá
˰˱Ĳ룬ҶȫԪγһףޱ¥õĽɫףѾϣһ׵ֱӽɣΪصм
׵ϴҶȫɢ󵭵·ˣɢĤݵϢ
ħԽԽƺҪߣҹ׽٣һˣѱ飬һξѪ޷¡
ΪҶ㣬ӵޱǿа˱Ϊػв־Ա죬˳Ķȹٵɡ

ҶͻȻΪ֮ϾΣʵʱֱܼʮȻ԰˽ٵɣҲʮߵĻᡣ
ͻȻһ䣬Ҷģһö޴Ƴ֣Զһɽݺݵ¡
䣡
ͬĽ׵ˣֱס˶䣬һ㣬ܲסǿѹȡ
һɹɫԶϯа֮ߵľɽҶһѹ촷ۣʧ
ҵ𣿡
ԼƣҶЩţղһƣ֮ȫǿɲ걬߽ٵɡ
أ·֮ԵøͦΣҲһ˿΢΢ı仯ƺøӳȣһ˫ܿ棬籦ʯտ
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ͻȻҶɫޱһɱⱬ

ʦ֣㿴з
ĽѾʧ߽ɽ֮Уǽ֮ϣһʮأоģģ
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ʦֵЩʶͼһ۾ϳˡ
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ʦֲȷѵɽ֮У򣬶ˡ
أ˵ԻͼŴܣȽ߱ǣûˡ
һ߳ƺ԰ԻͼҲЩӡ󣬶ˣͼûоףɣŽˡ
߽ԻͼҪϸֻʦһֱ֮ɫǸоɣĻôܵɽ֮Уû˽ټһг졣
һҪȥãʦͻȻһȣҪ
ֱֱͣڰϣתԴһɻ֮ɫʦ֡

תԴһ̣һ֣ӰԻͼ֮ͣϵֱӦϡ
⼸ɫ䣬ĶŰԻͼһĻˣһӰӰԻͼ֮У߳
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Ӱ£ߵϣһУԻͼص˴ָ֮УһжǷƵ
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ƾȺҲȾָɵ
ҶһЦûͻƾ磬ĺ鷳ھͻƣ߽ٵɶδط
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ԭȺ빬ˣҲںڶŽ丮ҲС
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ҶζЦݣѰǵһʬ壬Ȼ֪Լݣ¡
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ܺãղһһ·ûҪˡ
ɱ¾֮ĻѣҶ㲻ɱʱɱֹɱõİ취ɱǣپͻᱩ©

ҶĻ˴ЦһССٵɣȻ˵˿Ļ
ûɣҪɱǡ
Ҳ꣬ЦǰͶЦˣЦһ̣һĽâˡ
꣡
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ܺЦ𣿡
ҶЦˣЦаҲء


1248 նɱ߽
ҶЦˣЦĺаҲأЦ֮У̫Ķ
гмЦĮҲгŪǱɱ
ʣɫ䣬ղŸûпҶγӦûУѾһˣԴ
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ڶˣһҽУǸղȱһ첲꣬ҲҶ¡
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ʦֿ־£Ҷչ¶ʵҪҪǿԪǴ⣬Ǽ̡
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֮£ٵɣҶոֻʣһǣ곹ɢ
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Ȼһ㣬ССٵɣȻԽս㻹Ҫһ磬Ԫֲġ
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ҶһʦɫܲÿղҶ򵥵һƣϢĸо·ɤӱ˿ס޷
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֣һ֣
ʦ޷ݣֻŭҶ֣ٵɣ׵ƵʽԴݿķʽ
ԷԼ֣Ҷ㵭ȻһЦ
Щ˳ƺΪšħаħħû˳ƺΪ֡
һʦֵڶˣһεƸҶһԼʵѵеԪһ
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ʦֿ֮۵һ̣֮УͻȻƽƺסˣ޷ڵ֮߳
Ӱ
ԥҶֱʩչӰķгˣʦֻδӦоʧȥֱ֪и֧顣
һ⣬飬Щʦֵ
ֱӷ˳ȥҶ󣬽׽֮Уֱսָûм飬ֱ뿪ԭء
ղŵսѾ˷Բǧע⣬׷׳߻ۣһ߽ٵҶ㲻£ǶˣͷǳӴˡ
ڲۣɱˡ
һȺ˺ܿߵʯѣűиʦ֣̲סֱŻ£ûм˲̵ɱַи죬ÿһСһ
˭ӵֶΣ
л˼ԶȻҲУ죬ߵ˭֪ղŷϢ͸һ
ʵ򵥣Ȼնɱ߽ٵɣѵΪ
˻ΪϢնɱ߽ٵɣҲа˽ٵҵʵɡ
ޣ֮Уİ˵Ϣ
һ˴ȷ


1249 ĵֶ
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬ͻ˰˽ٵɣ˴ɱ
빬Ҳˣ˻٣Լŵĵӱɱһ¶߿֮ɫȻʦ빬λǺܸߣϾҲ빬ĵӡ
һҪ飬˭ɱ빬üӡ
һ빬ʥӴĺȵɢһǿɱӽ˽ٵɵĴڡ
ֻмüͷ壬ǰ˽ٵɣֳ϶Ϣһ߽ٵɵϢ֮⣬񣬼ֱһһ
ͣһյʱ䣬׷ȥѰҶټȥˣһ鿪ֻʱ䣬ҲֻڵһΣߵ뿪ʱ
ҶһûԼΣҲ޷أһֱڰԻͼ֮С
ԶҶԸ񣬿ҶҲãԺ֮ģߣҪֱǰӭѶϣʵǸ߷塣
ǿ쿴ˣ
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ղҶͻȻǰŲһ֮¡
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ҶЭˣһ˵ĺâëȻ
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ʥŮԺ϶Ϊ֮뵽̲סҪЦ
丮ʵΪϣʥҲһλԽߣԽܵϲעЩŮӣȻҲǿ߶ʥŮɫѾһ졣


1250 յ
ԽԽ˷ܣ˿֪Ҷбļµɱ
ʦ֣ǧҪ˺ʦ㣬͸㡣
ҶʮӺһͷ߹ŲҲʮн࣬ߣͻȻһռ䲨ܿʧ
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Сף֣
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ŭ˿ףΪθղŶݵʧȥʶᰱҶߡ
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ǰʱ䣬գ֮ĹеʮСҲǵһ飬ʮ
û뵽õ丮ʥӣĵֶΣ˿𰡣
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᰿ʼҪС׵ĿƣҶϽ뿪Ҫˡ
ߣǽ˭Ҳ뿪Ҫ
ЩЪ˹ֵķ⾹ȻҪˣôܲŭɢɱ⣬޲ֱӽҶ˺ѡ
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ҶѹᰴҶᱻвԴݵߡ
ɱң㻹ûʸ񣡡
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оԼһͷ޸ײˣϵĺˣֱ۷飬оϢ·𴭲
Ҷ㣬վԭأЩˮ˿մҶ½ǣص˺УҶһصʥ˲ַ
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üͷ壬ղһܵΣΣ
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ߣٵΣɱʱҾӶˣеıﶼҡ
û֮⣬˸ǿҵɱҶ֮ģҪɱˣӶᱦ
˵Ƿǳֵģɱ˶֣пԷ
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һһɸǿϢˣʥӣЩȻûǷĴĥԪĻۣǵһʮֲֿ֡
۽
ʩչԼĳڼʮ֮ǰ׽˴֮գԽﵽ¯ĵز֮һƵ˼¡
̹ǵĽ׵˺ѿռ䣬ԶЩľܲסʴЩľ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
е˼
ҶҲԽһк˽⣬ǽ죬Խ֣߱ʽ̧ʽ
ʽ
ҶҪøӴ󿪴ϵĹƣ߽뿪ġ
Ȼɱ¾֮ʩչĲɱһȻĶ¶֮ɫ
ܶལޣҶʩչģǵһˣý渫ӣҶ㿪һµĵ·
ߣɱѾΪһ壬ɱ¾֮ʩչǹɰǶһ޼᲻ݵ
ն
˸һɫצ֮Ͽʼֱӳĺ۽˺ҧȥ
ııģ
ձһѷ죬Ƭɽȳ˾ҵ𶯣ҡ
ڸЩ߷׷׿ߣ˭ɽȽ֣ҴϢжϣҲ߽ٵɡ
ʥӣ໥֣໥ɵЩʥӰͲסˣΪԴʼ֡
ĽҶ˺ѣһϣ߱ʽء
ʽ
ʽ
ʽ
ҶһʩչУɫֱֳӽԭأǵصĹɫҰףȫһ
ٵɣʵȻ˿ֲҪǿֹ
𾪵ĪᰣĿѣ룬Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ҪʼҶˡ
ҶǿһҲٵģҶԱ֮ˡ
ն
ֱ£·޿ˡ
ʲôʱôǿ󡣡
ƱҶ㳹״ѹȥ棬ѹƣгϷ裬޷
ƣ
һȣгŭȥҪǿƿһͨҪɱ򲻿ˣܲ߶һδ֪
ƿ̫쿪ˡ
Ҷ¶һߣָһ㣬ٴһ䣬Ϊ콣ֱס
͡
оһʹܶطˣ߽ٵȻ׵˺
㲻ú
ѪܣǵصĽȻֵ
ղвҵһ̣̣
һһߣֱĲϡ


1251 Ǹ
Ľ󣬳׽ûһʲôĸ𣬺٣ľ٣ֻĿĵ档
һϬĳ͸㽣ֱĲϣĽ⣬˲ѡ
򣬲Ҫɱң
ŵζҲ֪ǶôĿ£ӽʱ䣬ߵһڴˡ
ϧҶ㲻ᣬ߲亦շ뿪ĳһһᷴҧһڡ
ˣ
ҶʮĮ˵һɨһʵͷ­춼Ѫ֮꣬еˮϵһѪꡣ
ˣĿʱȻϴЩţҶ
ˮٴαÿӿݣѾѪˮ

Ҷһɨֱ߽ٵɣǱǵķ򣬶Ҷ˵ǳá
̶̼ʱ䣬ͽһɶֻʣһǡ
ٽָߣһУҶų˹
ʦܣղ̫ΣˣӦֱ뿪ġ
Ҷ㰲Ȼ᰻Щ£ҶΪ̫顣
˵ˣ뿪ɣò˶ãͻҹ
Ҷûж˵ʲô뿪ԶĵطȥֻҪȻ죬ȵǸȻͰȫˡ
ʱҶæȥѰﻹȥҶ㣬ҲǸҲɵ˵
һ·᰺ܳĬ֪Ҷ˵Щʲô
ʦܣĵõɵ𣿡
ᰴ˻ϻӣҶʵ
ȷʵõɵ
˾֪飬Ҷûϸûȥ˵ֻǼ򵥵ıһ¡
ʦܣһԶԸܶ˶֪õɵ϶ʹ˰ݣҸطɣ뿪ֻҪص丮Ͱȫˡ
ϣҶ㲻ҪðˣҸطȷȥ뿪
򣬾ôĵطܲںδ
ҶЦһܲڰԻͼһӣǲҶķ񣬶ҼǸڼҶ㻹Ҫȥԡ
ҪСģʥ֮УֻΣֻҪĴӲɵİȫӦûж⡣
ʮ˵ϣҶҵĴӣǵıӡ
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦɵջŽٵɶ޷ֵονĴӣڿû˱ǸɱԼ
ҶҲûнͣĸƤᰵ棬Ҷ㲻ȥ𴩣һƬ⡣
һ·ҲߣҶ׵նɱķԴȫȡʱ䣬ЩԴһһϣҶ׼̻
ʱһζʱ䣬ͣͣû˳ûĵطӭ˼Ǹӡ
һ޴Ľεض𣬷Բǧ֮߶ȸֿժǳֱԼǸһʮ㡣
ǰŲĶõĲˣֻеʮ㣬ûȥ֪ʲô
˶봳ʮ㣬ʧܸգ㬶飬㣬ϣѰһЩõı
Ǹʮأÿʮ֮һŲֻһЩ֣һЩĲϡ
ʦܣԼСģҾͲˣϣܴʮ㡣
ҪҶֿҶĺˣһǸ󣬿϶ۣϾᰵʵڱвҶ㽫ǳ
ҲãԼҸطɣһЩҩúá
ҶóһöָᰵǸڵľȥҲѰ·
Ǹ󣬲˶ܽȥȥ֮Զ޷߳
ÿһ㶼Σޣأ󷨣þȵȣһСģ棬
ΪΪ˽ĳ·ǰ̣һԽܻųж١
˷ֿ֮ҶֱǸ뿪Ǹ󣬴Ҹطʮ죬ȡͻƵٵɡ
ҶûóȻȥڳڼǸûȤ϶⵽ܶ˵Χõİ취ǵȵǽ롣
ǸѾʱˣҶ׼룬ߣȥˣҶ㻹֣˴ʼԴ˿̽ȥõʱ䡣
ٶʩչ˼£Ϊһǿ磬ֱʧԭأյʱ䣬ҶڼǸǰ
Ǹһ״һаŻţţţлųţԶ档
ûһţһţΪÿһοһ
ҶվǬλϣԥһ£ȥһֱ
ʧһ̣ʧˣҶһƬأ·һ֮ϣǷǡ
Ҷ˫գǸһ㣬ûе棬Ưڿռϣڣʮֹ졣
ùļǸ󣡡
Ҷ㰵ľ˺ܶжϣΪÿһ㶼˻أػֻҪ֣ܴܶһ㡣
ϧȫҶĲͬûлأûޣҲû󷨣ֻһƬžĿռ䡣
ܼžĿ£Ҷ֪ȥˣӽһˣƾǬŽǧˣأ
һҶʧԭأ˽һܵƬʮߣ˵ҳȥ·ˣѵҶѡţ
뵽ţҶһ˿亹ұ֤Żܲܰȫ߳ȥԹֻҪţû˻ųȥʷ¼˶ȱնɥ֮С
ʶƵͷųȥʯ󺣣ŵһƬףһƬͷ֮ϣǵ㣬ǳ貵Ĺâ
ŻĶˣΨţˣıɴڣЩҲв˴ϣű뿪ϧն
֮֮ҾͲҲȥĵ·
Ҷɢһǿţһ᳹񷣬ϵǳӦγ˶Ӧ
Ȼ޷뿪ҶֻþϸƬյк֮
ϥϣҶǿգһööǳǰҶԽԽ룬ƺ˼ʲô
֮ʼģǳݱ̬ǳɸ½γ˽֣֮ѵһƬΣ
ҶԼС磬ƺЩʲô
ʶٴͷųȥöǳɨҶҪҵȥڶڣһǳİϡ
һʱңҶ㱻һž޴ǳˣöǳɢǹ⣬ǳͬ
Ϧ
Ҷ˵һǳ֮ɢĹ󣬽гϦϦ͡
ߣ
ҶһԾ֮շУֵˣҶηУöǳҶʱ̲䣬ͣͬĵط
ô£
ҶЩãˣһʱ䣬Ȼ˿û̸ǳľ룬·ԭ̤
֮£Ҷֻͣס壬ͣ˼
ˡ
˼Сʱʱ䣬ҶͻȻЦ


1252 ʱ
˼Сʱʱ䣬ҶڻȻ
һ´ˮڣ
Զߣġ
ҶͻȻЦֱӱ˫ۣȥܣʱһţҶĻ꺣УҲһǳҶӰվڻ꺣УǿգѰҸղöǳ
ǻһߣֱ֣ǳץ˹ȥ·ԶߵǳȻıҶץһŹڵ浱һյָ·ơ

ǳˣâʧһˮҶߵ
ȵҶ˫۵ʱ򣬷Լ˼Ǹĵһ㣬ԵĽҶǰÿһ㶼ǰ˸ǣӦ֮λ
ڵһǽ֮ϣһѳɢɱ֮һѺý˵Ǿ񽣡
Сӣⲻǳɱ֮ݻɣǿȡⱻɱ֮ɡ
Ľ˳ǽϹŵӦˡ
ҲоˣⲻһʵʳӦǽ
Ҷ˵ͷղžͷˣⳤ̫ηҿ
õİ취ǽɱ֮ȡ侫裡
ĽѣҶ㱻ɱ֮ס
ãֱɱ¾֮Уһɱ
Ҷͬһ̬Ķֻȡһǿȡ϶ᱻɱ֮ɡ
Ϊ˲Ľ⣬̫̫࣬ƾһƽ⣬ͿԽɱŽٵɡ
һһʼǽϵƽ⣬糱ɱ֮ӿҪ˺Ҷ
վԭأҶоâ壬ʮܣɱ֮Ȼ죬˽׽ٶκβԼȻһƽ˺
Ҷڿ¾Ͳ˺ô򵥣ֱӱ鶼пܡ
ɱ¾֮֮ʮʹ࣬ɱ̫֮ǿ󣬸ӵ־Ľתӵ־ѱɱ֮ɡ
ʱڿٵţҶӿٶȣӡһööɫӡǣӿǽϵĳ
һʱ䣬ǽϵĳԽԽСɱ¾֮ɢĹԽԽǿʢֽһ

ҶǧӡֱӴɱ֮У֮ܽ־ɱ¾֮ӿ١

еɱ֮Ժɱ¾֮һ˷ܵѺٴμٲ٣ɱ¾֮øӷ
ܺãһһµĽ⣬֪ڶʲô
ҶʮڴӦţܶණǰûдߵģţѰҵ
ܴܲŵ߳ȥһδ֪ûΪԹ߽ŵеˣˡ
ɱ֮ǽϳһɫƣһƣӦͨڶͨ
ûԥҶ߽ɫŻ巢΢ĲܿʧһƬ硣
Ȼãã棬ղȫ෴һҶоԼ˶Ƭǵߵġ
ͷ£ųϣҶ㾹Ȼڵߣоת켣ҲǷתҶоԼľʧ
ʱ䷨ת֮ʱصȥɶͯʱ
Ҷʱͷǳ鷳ˣͻٵɲã䣬ٵɣһöɵǰװ׵˷ˡ
ԣҪ취ƿʱ֣ڶ㣬лʱ
УҶоԼڵˣ𺳣һƬʲô磬Ȼܸıʱ䷨
Сӣ뾡Ľʱ⣬һˣѾһЩʱ䷨򣬿ʱ䣬һʮ꣬һ죬İԻͼӣǷģʵһġ
Ľ׸ϽѣϣҶץʱǵʱ䲻ˡ
Ҷ˰Իͼ
ڰԻͼУʮ죬Źȥһ죬Ҳһʱ䷨򣬲Ǽʱţ෴ʱ䷴ŷתǰߡ
ʱˮˮֻ˳£ϣǡ
ҶһЩʱˮһʣʱ޿̡
Ȼʱˮһ϶˳ˮôϣ
ǡ
ҶԸղŵжϸȷ
˽γ˽ذӣˮȥ
ҶӼᶨԼ뷨ˮнڵ㣬ֻҪֽڵ㣬ˮ˳¡
ʱҲһҲнڵ㣬ֻҪڵ㣬ʱصԭĵλϣȻ˳ԭеĹߡ
ףȴô򵥣ˮ˳ŷһҵصλã򿪽ڵ㡣
ʱأ
˭֪ڵҶ㲻֪ȫһƬģʱĶ壬Ҷ̫̫ˡ
֪ҶѾȥüʱʱˣȻδ䵽ٵɣԪȻʧ˲١
ػңߵ
ҶԼ֮ΪҲΪγ㣬ת
֮
ҶͻȻ֮Լ壬ȥŷУҶȥѰʱĽڵ㡣
ʩչ֮ԽԽ࣬Ҷʱĸƺˡ
ңߵǬ
Ҷ˫ֽӡ֮ͻȻתУҶоҪ˺ˣԪڽ淴תС

Ҷ㷢ĲҽУеʹ࣬ǳܳܣ嶨ԭأһš
Ϊ˲ߵ֮Ҷת컻أΪ˾Ǹıʱķ
̣
ҶͻȻо߳磬һֻ֣ĸ壬ȵҶ˫۵ʱ򣬷Լȫֱ
صߵƽ⣬ʱص˳
ɹˣ
ҶЩţɹˣת֮ܵߵǬ
ϧָоҶûץסղֻһţʱĸȻʮģ
ϧ˲ʱ֮
Ҷź˵Ҳջ˲٣ֻҪԼһΣԺٴλζһҵʱİء
ǰգһʱ֮ţ֪ͨδ
˿ҶѹŽ˶޷ȥܲʱ֮񣬶޷뿪ֻĳ١
䣬һСӤֱ
Ҷ֮һ޷ʱ֣ҲǰȱһԶĳΪһų
ʱ֮ԽԽ·쵽ʱ֮ţܽǸĵڶ㡣
ڲŵڶ㣬Ҷ˺üεΣ֪ʲôĲ㣬㡭
Ҷ㲻룬ŸŲͬſԷֻҪԼܲˣѡ߳ȥص
ŲͬһֱߣҲڵʮ㣬ҲԶֳڡ
ǰҶҪģһȥǰǵɽ𺣡
ʱ֮ŻϣҶӰʧܿ˽ǷԲһƬأ˼Ǹĵڶ㡣
һһƽ⣬Ҷ޸ɱ¾֮ڶı϶ȵһ
ɨһȦֵڶǽ֮ϣһƤʮҶëȻ


1253 
ǽϹŵƤҶëȻΪƤʮʻѪ棬εδ
Ƥʮã죬ǳгǸձɱƤ
ϣ
ĽվҶļϣüͷ壬Ҷܣϣʵǰµģǳһ
ʲôϣ
ҶһƬãȻԼ˽֪ʶ̫ˡ
ʵǣɽĽɽܶණǴɽ紫Ҷ㲻Ҳ򣬶һʶתǰ䡣
˵ԪӤûУ
ĽĽͣЩ֪ʶҶ֪ˣϾʣͻˣǳ顣
Ԫ񲻾ԪӤ𣿡
ҶһֱΪԪԪӤ⻹ǴӺܶഩԽС˵пģʲôԪ񣬸峤һģһƺΪԪӤ
ش
ĽЩʹļף޲˺ЩϹ׫ˣǵдһЩ˸㲻ĶΪǶԵģ֪ӵܡ
ʲôԪӤ
ҶƲƲ죬˼˵ѾļȻ֪˵
Ԫһ˵ľԪһΪһǹˣڶˣԪӤͬ˵ľԪӤ֮УԪӤһԻΪΣһģһ
ĽͣԪܶʱ޹⣬󲿷ֶ˵£ҶܶΡ
ҶҲ֮ݱԪӤݱĻǲͬ
ԪԴͷž񹥻ڿԪϣҲǳһϮԪпش±䡣
ĽײϵĽͣҶҲһ麣࣬ϵ֪ʶ
˵ûҶڿԪϣ˭Ҳɵû½Ԫ¶һ˹ȡ
ΪԪʮִηǻص֮С
ԪӤͬԻΪ񹥻һԱһ죬ȫһģӿ̳ܶˣڶԪӤԪӤΪ˶üɱһһúúõء
Ľ˵ϣԭԪӤ˶ĺôԶɱˡ
ˣ
Ҷ¶ЦݣʮԪӤŸԶ
ĵ֪һֻԪӤҪеļ֪Ҫƽʱõʱ䡣
Ľױĵ˵һ䣬˶ԪӤԪӤɽˡ
һԪӤѾǳˣñȶһ
˼˵ʵԪӤƤ
ҶˣתһȦĽ׾ҪԼڷǽϵƤʵƤԪӤƤ
ûⲻƤ֮ΪϣֵͬܡĽ׵˵ͷ
ʲôô
Ҷãˣ˵ڼǸĶӦöǱŶԣΪγôһԪӤƤôëȻ
㲻ӵһԪӤ֮Լһ죬ԽҲһ
Ľ׺ٺٵЦϾ֮ݱ䣬ʵԽԽǿ󣬱׶Ҳ¶
ҶķѾӵʶΪڶҶ֣ӵ־Ҷ־Ȼͬ
ҲԪӤ֮
Ҷˣ񶮵ԪӤ֮Ҷȷʡ˺ܶ飬Ϊˡ
û㿴ܲܽƤһЩķԲ򡣡
Ľ׸ҶѣƤʮ֯}ĻţķǺöϾɽģҲ
ãҾ
ҶҲ飬ħֱӽƤɽȥħ֣ʼϣеɽ編
֮ϣħƯ棬ڵħɢ棬ħɢȼյϣȻкܶ˷
Ҷϥڵϣһ˷ÿһޱȴ׳ҪҶȡɽ編֪ǿٱһ֣ܿռ䶼ʼζ
ǿķ˵𣿡
Ҷǳ𺳣һˣȻֻǧ֮һҶ˵ҲĪĺôǰʶ˵ǿ
׳Ľɫս֮У֮صľɽҶܲסֻܼӿٶȡ
ˡ
ħʼתٵɵʵǿ˷򣬱ΪŪ÷⵽˷ֱ
֮£Ҷħ棬ϽİһǿĽɫ򱻰Ҷֱ뵽ԼС

Ҷ㷢һ޺ᱻ˷ű
Ǵ׳ķһҶ֮شҪű
˱գ
Ҷһ˸޷˰˱һգ˷򣬴
˷԰˱һּЩѺѾʧֻҪܹ㹻Ĳϣֻʱ⡣
䣡
Ҷը˹˵ķʼôܱһ鷲˵־ҪݿҶ㡣
СС˶ѣѹ
Ҷɢǿ־֮ȻҲ˵־һһ˿־С
ԪӤе־ܿ챻ѹȥҶоԼо磬ڷٵٵɱøԲ
ɾ磬ûǰںֻ֣֮з٣Խ࣬ʵȻҲԽǿ
Ҷʱ޿̶ڵȡɽ編Ҫ֪϶ٱ
ʱһȥҲ֪ȥ˶ãħһʧȥ˷򣬻Ϊһѷĩʧ
Ҷ˷򣬻һЩȱķЩҶԪӤ֮кܴİ
˱ɢĹԽԽǿңӽĳ̶ȡ
һ˱Ϊһɱƾѹ֮ͻη
һҶƺڱ޵ߡ
ÿһֹǶ˵ҶоԼʵٴ٣ϧ粻ͻơ
ܵĵ̻ǲҪռ˷򡣡
Ҷ̫ܵˣϾŸǳʮߵ̶ȣѾǳˡ
˺ڣҪԴʼεٶȵҶԼоʮֺ£Ǵ˵ŻҶ֪Ժ
оǿҶ޼ɵĸ˴սһ˷򣬲֪ҪҶȡɽ編϶ٱ
Ҫͻ߽ٵɣƻҪɵһգ֪¡
Ҷһı仯һش⣬ͻѶҪʮʮ
Ǹ󣬲̫ܳ˷Ըõİ취ɵ
ߣȥ㣡
ǽϳһƣŻˣҶԥֱ˽ȥ
ˣ
ȵҶ㴩ŻʱͻȻһˮǺˣȥȵ˫۵ʱ򣬷ԼһƬ󺣣ܺ


1254 صľ
ҶտŻоë׻бǻˣȫܺ
磬ʮʮҹΪҶо˱ƣ·ǰѹһʯʱѹ
ȵ˫۵ʱ򣬷ԼһƬ󺣣ǿѹ֮ǴӺˮд
ɲѹҶܶˮĺͯڴ֮вϵҪʵĿ
ϢĸоҶͷʹѣҪץ񣬿֪һ˺ֹ֮һʲôо
ں֮£Ҷ㲻ϳ鴤ĳȥôΣ·Ȼޱ޼ʵľ롣
ϢԽԽǿңҶŵζʱ̱ƽܿ侲һζûõģҪ취뿪
ǰΪӣҶͣס壬ɨܣԭҲһƬ棬춼ǺˮҶȥĵ·
ˮǧˮ֮кһˮԴʶˣᱻ
ҶԺ֮У˺ܶˮϢԭԼǧˮ֮С
ô죡ǧˮһΣǧѹҶоѹ֣Ϣ
γȥȻʵҲܣΨһİ취ǽ⿪ˮ֮գл뿪
ÿһʱ䣬Ҷļʾͼһ֣ʱһһ֮йȥҶǳɫ֪ڷǳܡ
ҪͨĽףϣܰ취ˮļѹ֮£ҶʶͷŲȥȫͱסˡ
һжҪԼⲻˮ֮գֻԶ
ǧˮֻȡһư
Ҷһ仰ǧˮ֮һֺˮԴˮֻ֮˵һ仰Ҷղԣ˼ܶˮܺȵֻôһưѡ
˫ۣҶ㾲ĳ˼ˮ֮Ԫأˮˮ֮п϶֮ͬ
ˮǧһ
ٲ
Ӻķ
Ψǧˮ񷣡
Ҷλ֮кˮİ壬ˮٲӺǧˮ
ǧ뱾ڣﶼͬ汾һңأ࣬׷˷Դκζ׺һˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷоܵѹ˺ܶ࣬˫ۣˮ٣ܿһˮԴƯ֮ϡ
ֳˮ˹ȥˮֱըһŻҶǰ㾹ȻƵˡ
ҶЩţղһΪԼˡ
Һˮ֮ԪأȽϼ򵥣漸㣬ֵĻ֮ɡ
Ҷ㰵²⣬Ͼֹ٣ѭһ֣϶һ֣ȻвԲ
ŻҶص˼Ǹĵ㣬ͬĳͬĻ棬ǰ˽Ƿܶǽڣκζֻһƴľӹǽϡ
СӣղôˣΪҸʧȥϵ
Ľ׵һʱ˳ղоԼҪˣҶʧȥϵҪѹ⽴
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ҶƲƲ죬ε˵ԼΪҪˣοĽס
ǧˮȻôĶ
ĽҲһˮԴֻɽУô֡
ǧˮӦݱɣǧˮôһ󺣣ͰҼˡ
Ҷһ²һЩߣǧˮˣÿһ㶼ǻþȴޱʵ
ñȵһ򣬵ڶʱ䷨򣬸ղžĵǧˮ
ǧˮĽﻹ£ϾǸ̫Σÿһζ
쿴ʲô
ղųͷĽЩżˣȲҪ֪һʲô
ҶָָǽϹŵ澵ӣ¶һ˿Ц澵ӣôﶼմϱߡ
ӣ
ĽҲ˷ۣЩףΪεһ澵ӣ޷
һǷǳһ澵ܴʲô
ȵҶ߽ͻȻüһ֮۾ȻԼһâֱ䵽ӵУҶӾ濴Լ
һһģһԼͬ飬ô¡

ҶжϣӦøйϵ
ûʱͣҶӣȳȥʱоⶫҶоʮϤ϶ı
ժ¾ӣǽϳһ󲨶ͨĲŻˣҶϽ˽ȥ
ʱޣҶҪڶʮʱ֮ڣʮ㣬ȻԶ޷ȥˡ
߽ͨĲĽɫƣ⣬ӭɳҶ㱻ɳ͸κ·ضһƬɫ
ʱ֮޾Ĵغأ
Ҷÿһޱȼѣ·˫Ҫڵһ
ʱʲôʲôҶ㷢˫Ųܶˣɳڵ£ܽ⿪һӶ
ɳԽԽ̶࣬գۼĹ򣬻ɳûҶĽףڲϵٶȣһʱʱ䣬ܳ׽Ҷû
촹ȡڵأȡ죬׵Ҳʽɡ
Ҷһ鼮غ֮ŮŮﲹ죬кƹϹʱڣз˴ȵȣֻ֮һ
ҶϸڴصϢʱҲڿٵţɳܿϥǲλҶѾȫܶˡ
ĽҲ˳Ҷ㱻֮ʮֽţȫﲻæҶԼȥ򣬲Ȼκ˶޷
֮ԴҲ֮Դʼûк֮ô
Ҷƺԣָо⾳
κȱٺ֮޷棬ֲǶں֮ϣǺǣǧչɫֲ
òľţܸĳɳҲ࣬԰ٽһµ硣
Ҷϸϸζȥأ˿̣ѾΪһ壬ɳѾ
ҶֻܾվԭأȴΪŻɳϵӿһЦ
ΪʲôǣǷ˸ʲôƺһֱǺڸȡ
Ҷ㲻ϿЦֻһζȡӲǺĸܣκζ飬ԡ
ʱȥˣɳҶĲλãʼҶǿ˫ۣЩǷϣûǷϹ
һߣҶһ̹Ȼԡ
ǧ׷ɱҶһԵȻ
ʱҶǷˣǷĵ׵һС
ûҶ飬Щߵÿһټ̶ôգһٲ
ڣ
ҶͻȻ֣ڣԼʸ˻ľҲԼľཨ췿ݡ
һҲں绨ľûǵʢֻһƬɳ۲ݱ䲻Ӳʯ
ศɣҶҪľڡ
˲䣬ҶоԼһžں֮ϣȻһθߣҪûͷĻɳͻȻֹͣˡ


1255 ƽɳ
ҶڣҪԼĶγศɡ
һ֣ҶһŲһ˫ȾȻĳ˳ص˵֮ϡ
ɳµһƬһ޴ĺ֮ųˣضԶ·ɣ޾¡
ᵽ˺ҶһЦֱӿ˹ȥĲ㡣
ͬ磬ͬĳֵĶδؾͬġ
ɨܣڲԶǽǴҶ㿴һСѽɫɳӣɳӵУɢļµĺ֮
ÿһɳӣ֮أһСѣİڷԶ
ǡǻƽɳҪȴϢҪ߼ľѲϣĺ֮֮󣬶Ҳһ档
Ľ˳Զһѽɫɳӣ֮̾
ҶղҲһΪǴϢڹŶõһЩҶҲǳ
ǰЩƽɳҪȴϢҪٱѹͲһȼϡ
˵Ϣ绹ҵƽɳֻɽʢ֡
Ľ׵ĽͣҶ¶˷֮ɫûаװܻɳϮôһѵĻƽɳóȥ֮󣬿Խ˱ɱ¾֮ĵزˡ
ϰףƽɳָܻĵز𣿡
Ҷ㳯Ľʵ
ԣȫԣ
Ľ˷ܵôĻƽɳȻ԰ָĳ̶ȡ
ãһһóһЩԻͼ֮У
ҶҲ飬ֱƽɳóһС룬Ľգȡĳ̶ȡ
ף
ҶͻȻüͷһ壬ƽɳ֮УһŶƺĶҶʮУܸӦ
ֱ֮֮УҶ㾹ȻһƬ磬·Ƕģɳ죬صĴϢ
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Ҷһ뵽ˣõ˰Իͼ֮󣬲֪Ƿ֮ġ
棬ȻҲһ磬Ҷûв´ӦǺ
ûʱҶȥֱ̽࣬ӽֻܵԺȥоľӣҶǸоѰ
һ˸ͨŻˣҶԥֱ˽ȥ
ȵҶ㴩Żʱ򣬷Լ˫˫Ŷסˣһ֮У춼īɫ֦γΣҶԭء
ҶεǣԽԽϵҶ㴭˫˫ŶסˣܶһֱסҶĲӡ
ȿȡ
ͻȻһоҪϢˣٵǳ֮Ҷˡ
ʲôطôô٣
ҶҪȣȴһ仰˵ɤӱסˣԽԽҶ϶ǳɫʮܣҪǧˮ֮У
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Ľ˳ûг·ҶȥҲȥҶˣҲҪһγɵ˵
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Ҷ㲻˵ֻʶĽ׸Ͻ취ȥ϶ˡ
ֲڼȿ̵ĵطֻǸطܳˮľٳÿһޱȼͣ˿һڣʹã޼᲻ݣ
ĽײȻ֪Ҷʮܣǲ˽ʲôҶһ޷ơ
ˮľ٣ϲγ̬˻һˮľ٣ɽ磬һˣûܽΪһꣿ
Ľƺڳ˼Ҳڻ䣬ˮľʮ󣬱˵һ꣬һɽ綼ҵ
ѾĸϽ죬Ҹô죡
ҶоԼĲӶҪˣˮľٽҶĲϸһȦ
ҵڣ䲻⣬ɿ
Ľ֪Լˣٵ˵
˵𡣡
Ҷһۣø˵ȥˮľٿ޷ˣõİ취ҵ֮ܽƿ
㲻ʲôҾ͸͡
ĽһίģղҶģڷԹԼһӡ
Ҷ˿ȥĽףʶһ͸ȥˮľٵĸλҪҵڡ
ҶܿǷˣ¶һ˿Ц
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ҶϧȥֻԼҪһѰңҲúüʱ䣬ҶͱˣҸƨ
ĽƺҲˣüͷ壬һپ٣һ𣬿ʼ
Сӣ᲻Ķá
ĽżˣҶԴϣʶ
ֳֻܷʶٶҵʶͻ
ҶһΣʶֳٶĻԪͳܲסˡ
ãҲֳܷСףаŮǾȥҰɣʱ䡣
Ҳû취İ취ˣ˵һѰˮľٵ꣬ɽ磬Ҫҵˮľٵλãûмܳɹ
ΪˮľٵһֱŲҲղŲ٣뿪ʱڻصԭȥˣһӵʱ䣬Ҳ޷ҵںδ
иõİ취𣿡
Ҷ֮ɫˣʼж׷ʶˮľ֮С
磬ô鷳һ׿ռԽЩˮľȫԼ¶
С˯ͻȻ֪顣
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Сûԥһ⣬ܵĿռƺ΢ı仯һжռ䷢ĺɫ
ֵ鷢ˣҶ㾹ȻܿüԼĽѪҺڷ·һ͸ˡ
ĽױǰɫɫĹâ֮󣬱øӨ͸Ψһϧǣǰһѷ죬һֱûϡ
ϰףûˣ㻹ǸϽȥ޸ưɣ
С׵İʱҪĽˣȥ
żǻкü㣬죬ͻָտɴҲ滹иõĲҲһҿֱͻƵƷĵز
ƽɳУͻǳ飬ҪģǰҶ㴳Ǹ
գۼĹЩˮľٵֹ¶͸ɫκζһ
ͼ򵥶ˣ͸ĸѰ꣬ǳ򵥡
͸ĸĿҺ壬ʮ͸ӦǰɫģֻҪҵ꣬ܿˮľ١
ʶƵͷųȥÿһռ䣬ĸҶ֮УһѰҡ
Ľ׸аŮЭǽѰ
㿴
ͻȻһָһһŰɫƶȻˮľٵֻ꣬Ҫסܽ⿪סҶϵ١
ãҽƣ
ҶʶŰɫͷȫһ׽


1256 ˮľ
ȷˮľٵ꣬һŰɫڸ֮Уشƺڶʲôκ˷֡
ҺҶ㼰ʱͷɫ޷ȥ
ʶһֱ̣͸֮УҶ㿴һɫĴޣˮľٵꡣ
ңȻݹҲ
Ҷ㲻ᱻԷȵԻҪ飬Ͻ⿪ڵȥò˶೤ʱ䣬ͻᱻ
੣Сӣҵ棬ųȥ룡
ղŻǴȵӣգ֮һģϱʮˮľϲʳ˵ľѪ
Ҷ־Ѿת˺ܶԪǰˣˮľܾҶ뿪
ԼԹң
ҶоԪʼɢԽԽϸٲ֣Σˡ
֮ì
ԥҶֱӼ֮ìרɱĴɱ
ֲ׵֮ˮľٸ֮ըɢƣˮľһǺҶ飬Ѿնɱ
ɿȻҾͲˡ
Ҷûнɱ⼤ŭԷһܾˣҶ͵òʧ
Сӣô֮
ɫһղ׵˺ǳ֮
ſңҾ͸㣡
ҶƭСһŭˮľ٣ҲҪԼһҶ㲻
ңҾͷ㣡
ˮľپȻҶ㽲Ҷ֮ͷҶ㡣
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ҶԥĴӦԼ˵ȳȥ취ʰ
Ҳ㣬ȷģҷ֮󣬱Ҫ֮ȻҾ͸ͬھ
ˮľ겻Ҷ㣬ȻģҶ㵣ĵˣӦԷпܸԼʯ١
ֵҶΪˣӦȻԻΣӦ϶ܾˣŪû˫˫
һӦҶҪй¶һЩܣ֮Ҷ㻹Ǵ鱦֮ҲʲôأֻǱвĸоʮֲá
Сӣ𲻴ӦٲӦݹҲˡ
ˮľͻȻҶоӶҪϵˣֱսѪ档
ãҴӦ㣡
Ҷ㷢һԣӦˮľ٣˫ǴЭ顣
Ӧͺ
ˮľٵ˱˻ԣҶҧгݡ
ܿ죬Ҷоһɣȫָ֪һˮľʧվԭأڰ
֨֨
ҶһīɫСˣĽײˮľٵꡣ
ôˣղЩأ
ҶһãȻղЩʧһɶ·ûгֹһ
ղǻþ˸㣬ϲģֻҪ־ᶨ綼ƿ
ˮľһЦһֵóѵζ
ƭң
ҶŷӦԼˮľƭˣղ˵ܾˣġ
㻹ɵôֲ֮ԿԺ㣬û˿۸㡣
ˮľһΨҶģȻԺҪҶ㣬ҶЦá
Ҫһ뿪
Ҷ㳹Ȧˣ׷ʲô飬ȫͿˡ
Ȼ˲֪ˣˡ
ˮľһϣ֮ɫϣ硣
ܸ˵ˮľ٣ɽıôֻʣһꡣ
Ҷ̫ʣ֪Ӻ
ǰˣҲʲôˮľ꣬ˮľٵӣֻҪúõźңһԶ㣬Ǳҳȥ֮
ˮľƴ̫꣬ܶ䶼ˣһöˮľٵӡ
Ѿĸҹһȥ˭Ҫȥˡ
ҶҪˮľȥԼֱۺֱܿһסˡ
㾹ȻҲǲǻ볢ζ
ˮľ꾹ȻвҶӦٴҶ㡣
ղ˵㲻һӣղŶǻ룬ɱҵġ
ҶҲ¶Цֳˮľץȥ
Էʮֻܿܿ굽Ҷһ࣬һٳ֣Ҷסˡ
ϰףСףһ֣ץס
ȻǻþҶоֱʵʵĲܶĽȡ
Сʩչ֮ˮľĽǱһС泤ˮľĲϡ
Ͻ٣ȻݹҲ
Ľ䣬вĿ
˶۸ң
ľӾȻӸҶ㲻֪룬ղŻһɷģת֮䣬һȵӣлһ˻Ӧˡ
ұ죬۸㣿㻹˼˵ϽٸջȥȻĲˡ
ҶһɫϢˮľûȥŵһ¡
ˮľʵʵĽһίģݺݵĵһĽףղűĳ¡
Сӣһ£
Ľ׳Ҷ֣ߵһߣС׶ˮľ꣬뿪
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Ҷһɻ֮ɫĽףΪͻȻԼй
СӣˮľٿǱﰡοһöӣܽշһҲþˣɽˮľѾǲɶõı
Ľ׾Ȼ˼Ҷ㽫ľշԺΪԼãҲһ

Ҷ˵ͷ֪ˮľٵǿԼ޷ѣһˣ޷ѣȻɱ֣ˮľٵǣƣҶնɱκˡ
ôܹԹԵҵǲ
ˮľ꾫Ҫô˳Ҷ㣬һ⡣
ǩЭ飬Υͻ⵽ͷ
ĽгֻҪǩЭ飬ˮľӻǹԹԵľͷ
ǣԣ
ҶĽ¶ЦݣƭСӵĻˣһˮľ˹ȥ
Сһˮľٵӣ
Ҷ㳯ʵŻ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼƭһˮľ٣ͱˣܺúõĻڡ
˵ʵˮľ٣һپɱҶ㣬ο
ǲҪȥ硣
Ҷһգ۽ǵЦԽԽŨ
Ȼ磬ˮľĶˣӳڣһֱֻ֪ԼһöӣδѿѾӵǣҶ㣬ȻҪ뿪
ҪȥҪȥ
ˮľٲ˼˵Ҫ뿪ȥ
ȥԣҪӦһ
Ҷϱ̱ˣǸղһɫӣһ֮ɫ
ʲô
ˮľԴʵ
ǩԼҲſԴӦȥ˭֪ȥ֮᲻ݺҡ
Ҷ˵ϣҪ˫ǩԼſԣԷʲô˼Ҷһʱܸ֪õ
㱰ɣ
ˮľƿڴǩԼֻҶһ˰ڲȻԸ⡣
Ȼ㲻Ը⣬ֻýɱˣ߰Զ
Ҷ̯̯֣һεӣЦ˻
ˮľԥˣҶˣ֪ȵ²Ż˽ҽˣһܲܳܵסˮľٵһжһδ֪
ҴӦ㣬Ը֮𣿡
ԥһյʱ䣬ˮľЭˡ


1257 ˮ񹲹
ˮľӳ˼һյʱ䣬ջЭˣϣҶ֮ܽ
Ȼԣ
Ҷ˵ͷҸղѾģˮľӲӦԼǩԼҶҲ̶ԷˮľҲǺܸߡ
ǺãҪӦ׼ϲ飬ҪɵĿռ䣬ɷչҳɳҪ⿪ҵԼ
ˮľһѵ޷ǾҶԺá
İɣЩԺѣʲôףѯǡ
Ҷ㽫Ľ׻СװаŮһһܸʶԺҲˡ
ЩɵĽ׸С֮⣬԰аŮˮľ겢ų⣬ҪǸղС׵ĿռĽ׻Ϊĳ¡
֪ŻѾ򿪺ܾˣˮľӷŽ˱֮УȸаŮѰҺʵĵطѿ
ݱĻþվǻþסһʱУʱˣȻᱻ˷֣Ҳˮľ١
ÿһˮľ٣ҪǧܳɳͣǳԶҶҲżҪĿģΪ˳Զ㡣
㹻ıҲˮľٿٵĳɳϧⷲ磬ԴޣҲʺˮľٿı
㣬ͬĳһɨԶǽ֮£ڷһľͷɢľ֮ʮŨ
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ҶһʶʲôȻǻһɣɣҪҶǰõķ֦֪׳ٱ
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ˮľ˳ƺҲǱľҪռΪС
Уɣֻܸ֮һʣµһô
Ҷֱֹˮľ꣬һľԸ֧壬ڶľƵҩһЩľҩɹʴӣʣµĲŻˮľꡣ
˵ֻ֮һˮľС죬һˡ
ҪҪҪǲҪֱӽаŮ
ҶԸˮľеǰ취Ȼ֮һҪĻ̲ˡ
㹻ݣ
ˮľָҶ㿹飬ֱӱҶˣѾһССӣȻԼԴ
ľȡֱӶϳڣһҶҪŶһڽ˰Уȥᴿľ֮ȳȥʱɵ

ľ֮УһĲֵһģһҶʶ͸ȥҲԳ磬Իͼơ
ûʱȥоʱȣҶҪץʱ䣬ȡʮ㡣
ͨŻˣ飬Ҷֱ˽ȥ֪ʲôΣա
ţʱ޿̳ΣգÿһζΣһαһǿ
̤㣬ҶоǱһŻܻһƬЩɢϢҶоҪȼˡ
֧ʥ£Ȼ޷ֵŨҵĻ棬ƺȼ˵ꡣ

һķˣһͷӰƯҶǰ޾Ļ棬Щ澹ȻǷ
ŨҵĻҪɣŷ֪ǿٱ
ҶоҪˣһЩط⿪ʼή̫ǿԪ񶼱޹⡣
ˮľȫ֣㾹Ȼǻ棬Ȼӡ֤Ҷ룬֮ˣһ֣϶һѭȻƬ治ƽ⡣
֮ϵķˣȻŨҵĻ棬γһ޴Ҷԭأ޷
ʲô񣬴һ˵ŲϳɳԸȼ硣
ȻǰͷֻһͷӰҲǷ־ӵз˵ĲĻ֮
ô죡
Ҷ㿴ԼɱֱۣһĿЦ֮ɫհˮľ꣬˷һһεգҶѾһ˿塣
ˮֻˮܿƻ档
ҶͻȻ뵽֮ˣˮȻܿƷ
ķ꣬Ҷ취ȡϧǣֻһҶ㽫֮ȥȻͻᱻĿ
ӣʱǴǧˮлã֪ûпƷķš
Ҷ뵽öصľӣǴӵãʱǧˮͳöӣӦøˮѲ˹ϵ
˳Ҷʶֱ룬ԼֽһƬһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ûּѹ֮ĺˮҪٱ
Ȼ񹲹
Ҷ¶ϲɫʮ񣬹ƹ֮ˮˮԴ鹲ƹܣöӣղ֮ˮ۳ɺ⾵ӵУǹǰ֮أԻͼ֮һ
Ҷ̫ۣ֮ܿ͵õ˹ͬˮʼγһ޴Σ񹲹
Ĵˣ
ˮγɵľˣȻҶ㣬ѯ֮
ǣˮ񹲹ǰ
˷֮ףҶѾôˣž޴ˮˣʮ侲ʵ
ûҵȷˮ񹲹׺ҹֻʣһԤԣ˳Ϊµѵ𣿡
ѯʵ֮ײͬǱ˼һԤԣµ֣ȡ˵λãΪһµ
ǰɣҵõϿɡ
ʥأҶǵõϿɣĴˡ
ܺãҵʱ䲻ˣֻһƲҪҰʲôʵ
˿Ҷ㣬ϣ԰ҶһΣϾĴˣҲʮĴˡ
Ҷԥˣˮ֮׵İ˲߽ٵɣ滹з𣬾߽ٵҲ޷赲
ǰ˷ӣǰ֣ܽϨǰһæˡ
Ҷ˼һ£ѡˮ֮װѹ𣬷硣
ãҲҪӦˣϣ֮꣬ʮ硣
ˮ֮ҲҶˣѡʮƹ硣
ãҿԴӦ㣬ҳΪһ죬һѡµʮλ񣬴½µ򡣡
ҶԥĴӦֻҪǸһԸ
ã㣬񡣡
ˮ֮ʮҶ㣬ѡеˣһɡ
ҶӾ˳ҪɱˣܶطصĴˡ
ڴʱеľͻȻһ󲨶޾ˮˣֱӽѹȥ
ˮ˻쾭壬ˮ֮׵İҶڿٵĻָЩɱĵطָ
𷢳һܿһŻ棬Ư֮ϣݱһŻ
ҰˣҵӴԺҲûˮ񹲹
ˮ֮׻ΪˮʧһҲˣ֮һ׽ֻء
Ҷûʱ˸У˳ͨ㣬Һ˹ȻҶ㻹ĺѶȹһء
̤㣬ܵľ۵ף¶Ҫ߳࣬Ҷоȡ
һɨϷһŽɫ棬֮
˻棡
Ҷ㷢һ


1258 ף
ƯĽɫ棬ȻǷ˾ҪȷҪ߼Ƿһľڡ
˵ֻǷ³Ļ棬ǷصŻ棬ܷԲ
ֱӼħ˾ȳȥʱʱдӡ϶ٽһ
֮ҶѾȡˮľ𣬲⣬һӦǽҲ֮ף֮
Ҷؿڷ˾֮Уһŷ˾Ҳһɣ
ûʱȥǣǽ֮ϣһƣ߲ͨŻˣ֪ӭҶĻʲô
Ҷ㴩Ż֮󣬷ǰһʹһĳضֱӴҶ㣬ǿȻܲסһ
ѪҶһɨˣԼǧ֮УղžһԼ塣
ɫҶͷ֮ϣһܴ͸壬Ҫô೤һ£Ҷ඼ʣ
ÿɲĽ󣡡
Ҷ¶Ȼ֮ɫδǿĽ󣬹ư˽ٵɽᱻʣ
ԽԽͣҶͷ֮ϣʮ׸߶ȣһ£Ҷʬ޴档
ѽѽѽÿµĽСӣ㲻Ҫ˰ɣ
Ľ׻ˮľ궼ˣһվһ߼ϣľ꾹ȻֻӣŽ£˿ú¡
Ѿĸұ죬Ҫ˵ֱӰ㶪ȥ
Ҷɫֱ࣬ӰħħҹȻԺ󻹻᲻ʵ
Ȼˮľħ֮󣬷ĲҽϵҶģϧҶ㲻ᣬо
СӣаƵ㽣𣿡
Ľһ֮ɫɲʲôþҶǰ˿ʵʵڣ£Ҷʮ
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Ҷüͷ壬˽ٵɶԴӽ֮ߣοҶ㲻ٵɣʵ̫
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Ľ׵Ѿߵ˵㣬Ĳִܵʮ㣬ǹһ
зʸ𣿡
ҶЦһһ̤ţûзĿܣһֱߵʮ㣬Ȼͻ
һ£ղŻǼʮףת֮䣬ͱʮ׵ĸ߶ȣĽƺ˺Ҷļʮܡ
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սڣľΣˮ̣ˮֹˮ𡣡
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ӵ㵱УҶõһŷ˾𣬿ܲܰԼƿɲĽ
ʱȣҶ˾˳ʶֱ͸ȥȻûҲһȻҲ
Ҷ㿪ʼɣǸ֮Уô˶ıѵһս
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ҶԪ֮ܵĻֱ֮Ӵ򿪣ɹâֱ䵽˵ϡ
һ裬ȻҶǰ֮УԻĶ
۾ôۣ֮
˾ȻԼ˵ˣҶ¶ۣ֮ʮɻ
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ԤԵǸˣ
˻Ϊһӣǻףڣ֮УƺЩ
λҲô˵ģҲ
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λˣ
ף֮Уһ˿֮ɫ
֮⣬ˮ֮׹
ҶûмҶûнȥ鿴⣬϶Ҳڡ
ȻĴˣҾͲΪ㣬ʵʵڲ˹άҰһѣһ¾磬Ҳ֮ǰΪһ顣
֮׾ȻҪҶ硣
ǰǰȵȵȣ
ԷɢɲĻ֮Ҷæֹ
ѵ㲻Ұʵģ
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Ҷ㵱ȻҪʵʮּȣϧǰֻɥʧôõĻᣬΪбʵҪҪȥĽ
˵ɣʲô飬ȻĴˣȻ޷˵İ㡣
ףڷҶΪʵ
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ףûԥٴαɷģɳ˲ˣ˺ɫĺ
Ļ֣ռ䶼ȼЩɫȻڣܲס˾
Ҫĳ׷ʧҶΣˣöлףڡ
ŷ˳ʧҶһпʮͳһʱϧʱǨ䣬ûʷĳ֮У֪ںδ
֮ʧһŻ߲ͨ㡣
߽Ż֮УҶоһᣬ˽¥֮УȻǼǸĽ
֪ҶѾӽʮʱˣʱ䣬ԶŵС
Ҳ˴ŵ޹ֱ˻棬ȴϾǸǶʮʱ䡣
һεļǸƺһ֮УȻ˱һһЩŵӣ׷˺öŶͬˣһ
Ǹ棬ֳۣ˶˷ӿ롣
ܵõϹص棬߳ơ
ҪܵõɵˮӴԺ˳˳ˮ
ǰϧֻǴ˵㣬͵ֵ󷨣ֱӱ˳
һ̾ϢһҺýţҪţ
̾ϢΣҲת˭ߵĸߣǲǿ԰֣ᱦ
һҶ㶼֪Ѿڵ߲㣬ɨܣһ߲֮㲻⣬ӦҲ֮
ȻҶڲԶǽǴһöˮ״Сľʯһǲɶõı
ڽɫʯм䲿λһŹΣһˡ


1259 ľ
ǰˮ״СĽɫʯҶ¶ϲ֮ɫȻ֮ʯ
ڴ֮ʱһдӡ϶ݱİ壬ʱͲǵôˡ
һɨ֮ʯ׼ڰ˲㣬ԽԽԽѣ֪ڰ˲ʲôסҶ㡣
ǰЩӣҶС˺ܶ࣬ôСģÿһεΣ޲ߡ
ʼʱֻҪ򣬾ܽ⿪ڲǲô򵥣ҪʵȻʵȻ޷ȥ
ŵĲƣҶԥ˽ȥͨڰ˲ŻҶû·ΣҪߡ
ŻҶûиоԵĹƺ߽һ޻֮УģʮҶҪ˯һ
Ƿ
Ҷ˯Ҫ˯һ
ͻȻҶԺ֮дһѹʶʼͨĽ׵ˣǶѾ˯
ô£Ϊҽʱ򻹺úõģǶ˯ˣ
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ҶһˮõĽ׵ϣааŮҶͳͳǽѣҺûδȳ˯ֻԺ
磬ôˣΪ˯ˡ
аŮһ֮ɫΪͻȻ˯ˡ
ҲʮֹŹ֣ƺӰ˵˯񾭡
ҶжϣܿռģʮŻţܸܵ˯Ϯ
Ľ˫ۣһԺҲû㶮ôʱͻȻ˯ˣֻˮľ꣬Ҷھħ֮У˿Ҳǻ˯
ϰףʶ㣬֪ʲôΪһҪ˯
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û´ڱڳľС
Ľ׳˼һ£˵Եʮ֣أľǷ
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ҶæʵҲǵһ˵ֶ
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һھ˯ҹҶмʮˣ־ǿѻԲѡ
ĻľʮƣԳľһľĺ࣬ϳľɢǰ˯ڳľǰЩȻҲ˳ľǿɡ
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ĽֱӵҶģʵ̲סֱ˯˹ȥ
аŮҲ⣬׷׵ͷ˯Ҷֱӽս˱֮Уֻ߳ľܽǻˡ
ڳľģҶǿŨŨ⣬Ԫ֮Уɢ־ʱ޿̲Ҷ㣬˯
˯
Ҷҧס⣬һھѪ˾ˣô˯
Ľ׸ղ˵ʥڳľ£ҹûܵľĸȾΪʲôҾ
ҶͻȻʲôʥˣǹƨ϶ʲôɣܱܿľ˵ӵǿ־ľȻҲ޷ʴꡣ
ԥҶֱķ˼Ժ֮лصм飬зз߿Ҳġ
֪ʱһȥҶ㷢ԼԪøԲƺõ˽һ㡣
Ŀһƣģӯ꾣š
ҶڱһϤĿھһγɵƬΣҶ㾹Ȼڲأʵһģκ飬ѲУ˥Ҳսᣬһ
ʱˮ֪ҶѾһһҹŨŨʧˣҶľ֮У˲١
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ҶͻȻЦ֮ܶڳľ־ᶨҲԼĵճȥ
Ҷ˪Ѿһ¶꣬һصӺȥɬ׷󣬻ж壬Ŀ꣬Ҳӵȷ
ųֵѷ죬Ҷ΢΢һЦֱ˳ȥþһ㣬ĳľȻڴѿʧ֮䡣
ңңΣΣվһΣֻдΣߵĸԶ
Ҷ峹ʧǰһŻԥֱ˽ȥ
ڰ˲㣬΢Щ仯˽¥䣬ĿռƺӸ߼ˣŨҶ·ɽ硣
ЩǴӵڰ˲ھŲ㣬ȡϱ󿪴һȻͳꡣ
ҶûżȥѰұǽĽ׻ааŮٻǳ˯
ѹһãȻ֮ɫƺ˯ʮ
СӣҾ֪һƵľǣ綼磬һ˵Դڵһ־ǵһ
Ľѹ֮ʮ˷ܡ
Ҷ⣬һֱΪԴһٴʣΪԴͿԸıʣʵˣ־ǵһλ
дԴʣûǿ־Ȼһߡ
Թǿ߶µţӵ޼᲻ݵţòӵľ񣬲һδʵǸ߷塣
ˣƶˣʲô
ҶӴԽԽ࣬ĽҲ𽥵ĸһЩɽ顣
ϣ
ĽҲٽ飬ʼѰңڰ˲ޱȾ޴󣬼ӵɽ編ҶоԼжһʮּѡ
Ľ׸Ҷ㣬ɽ磬ɽ꺢ͯ磬߶һ⡣
ǽɽұ꣬òҶ㶼оǿѹ
㿴ǰŽɫĶ
гҶغ
ҶĽ׸Ͻ˹ȥҲŽɫ


1260 ھŲ
ΧڽɫԵʮֲ⣬ʲôΪһڣо˵
Сӣ͵֮ŵȡ֪߼ٱȡĶǴʵǴ֮Դ
Ľ׿˿Žɫþûŵɽζˡ
ڳˣֻĽ׵ɽ磬Ҳֻ֪ʲôӣȻзȨ
Ȼˣ
ҶղžͿʼɣǲǲȷΪȡһЩ
ŽɫӴ·ûӹκʣʮִľһ·Ůȫûһ˿覴á
ȥ£ֻ뾲ͣһ־硣
СӣŸʲôϽˣ㾳ԽԽߣЩѾˣÿ԰㣬ͻƾ磬ֱ㹻ˡ
Ľ׿Ҷ㷢㶣Ͻȡ
ٳɣҶֱڳһöָװ˽ȥֱȡ´ͻƵʱڽա
һҶһ£ٸˮһ޴ĺ
ͨھŲŻˣڳ˶Ų˵丮ˣǴӵھŲõ丮
գҶҲҪϵھŲ㣬ܲܰȫĴȥҶ㲻֪֪ǰֻһ·Ǽߣͣߡ
Ǹ棬ۼԽԽ࣬󲿷ֶǵ˵㣬Ժһ߲㣬ЩŵģҲԳ
ˣĿǰģǧңÿɲʡ
ÿʮ꣬˷ӿϣһı
ҿ˵һ丮Ѿߵ˵ھŲ㡣
Ǹ棬ۼЩ׷׽̸ӼǸ濴ȥһֱܿʮ㣬ÿһֻҪ˳֣Żͻһ⡣
źţԢ˴ȥˣԽ࣬ȥҲԽ࣬󲿷˶ţžŲ㣬Ѿˣ˼ͬʱ˵ھŲ㡣
ܿ죬λҲ˽룬Ҳ⡣
գۼĹλλ׷׶˽룬˸λѾĸλ˽룬š
ЩŵӣȱݣѾܼЩţЩš
ֻЩɢޣûָ֮ˣŪþʹ֮Уһ˽ţҲû߳
ǿ쿴ǬλھŲҲˣһǬλŰɣôߵھŲ㡣
ղλ˴ھŲ㲢֣Ϊһλλλλţ˽ȥҲ
ǬλţȻҲ˳ɹִھŲ㣬Ͳ˼ˡ
˭ô죬ܴߵھŲ㡣
ţ˳ɹ߲㣬ϧʧˣѾһȥڰ˲㶼δֻǬλھŲ⡣
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һ֪̾˭ӵôʣŵУ߽ھŲ㡣
ЦˣҲû˳ɹ̤ʮ㣬Ŷǳ֮ѣ˵ˣˣҿŲѾǼޡ
˴ŴΪ̤ھŲ㣬ѾǼޡ
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һϴɫƺúܶ࣬ʴʣĭӺɡ
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һͬղŵ˵ɽΣ˭Ҳ
ҿ˵һο޽һǰ˰ɣʱʮ˱ɽѡУճΪɽӡ
һ꣬ԭأͻȻ̸֮
ԶԶԣһһȥˣǵʱһҪȡһ޽ʸ񡣡
󸽺͵
ô׻ý޽ʸֻһǧ򣬶ٱչһֱľţһ֪޽翪϶޷˵
һˣŴ
Ȼܵһѹһǧֱһصʯͷѹڴҵͷ֮ϡ
ÿһмڵˣֻѡһǧˣ֣ڴӼ֮Уѡһ˳Ǻֵļѡ
ҲҪģֲ֪ʲôʱῪǰ취ʵɣʵԽߣҲлᡣ
Ŵ־ʱվôҲҪøԶеʱ䣬ֲǲ֮Ҳ䡣
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м仹һЩ߽ޣҶ似ɣɱһͷһͷ
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ÿһʮּѣҶϣѾ˿ڣһͷ߽ץˡ
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ѵҪֹڵھŲ𣿡
ޣ󷨣ҶЦһߵһȻһԶҲ޷߳ȥˡ
Сӣ㲻Ҫģһа취ģ
ĽϵѪ޵ѪС˵ģҶġ
취
ҶҡҡͷȻʵԽսҪôػ췽ҹ̷
㲻ǻ𣿿ܲܽǵһͨ
ĽʱѵҶ޷ôޣһͷ˽ޣɱҶ㣬οоŽޡ
ֻˣ
򲻵ѣҶǲᶯΪֻһλᣬһˣ񽫻ʧҶ㱾ԺԼ磬ǲˡ
ԭ԰Ҷ磬հҶ㻯֮ɥʧһλᡣ
ףڣҶ㻯֮ҲĻᣬʣµľ֮ף֮ףн֮ףҶ㲻ڶˡ
ΣãҶһӶûлˡ
ֻдıǮҶѾռȫɵĲϡ
˾ѪΪлΪ룬ɵǳ顣
ԥһ£Ҷó˴ӻƽɳ֮ȡһ澹ȻһöӣɢŨŨĺ֮ȫİ
ۣ֮Ԫֱӽ֮УһƬصأĵʣƺҪ


1261 
֮ƬɵأĺҪ£ĿԴ
Ǻ֮أҶ룬һ޴˳ˣʯ϶ɣʮָߴֻ۾Ȼ޴ʯɣԲΣԼ
˭ôҵ֮磬ܽһѡ
֮񷢳ÿһܴ֮⣬֪ȫʢʱڵ񣬶ôǿ
Ҷ㣬ݼ񣡡
Ҷ㹧ʩһڣʮ񣬱һ־Ҷ㲻¡
ѵĴˣ
ÿһ񣬼Ҷ㶼ܸ֮ܵʮԶʱڣ񣬵ȻϤϵζ
ǰɣѾ˷֮⣬ˮ֮񡢹֮ףڣǶ˵
Ҷ˵Ҳʲôˡ
Ҷļ˵֮˽ˣҶ㿴ȷѡеĴˣ֮۾ܿ
ۣ֮֮ΨһĴڣ֮⣬ܸκ˹档
֮۸Ҷȫںϣֻһֿܣδ
ǲʲôҪҵİҲͬ񣬲ܰ磬ҿ԰ҿķ԰ĳ̶ȡ
ȻҶȫʲôһ
ҶԥˣǰѵһĻᣬһγҶԿԺɨ߽ٵκθ֡
ǡ
ӵҶսʤŽ
һδ֪Ҷ㲻Ҷģһˣȥܶġ
ѵѡҶҺòǵһξǰӣҶܿúϰɹ̤ھŲ㡣
ԴããǰȥãʧȥЩԴҲֻԶڼǸС
ǰڼǸھŲ㣬ϣܰҳ֣һЩϰҲܸһ
Ҷʱȣִѹٲ֣ҶҪķѡ
ԭȻԸȻӣ
֮ѾҶ㵱δʮһ񣬽ܼҶ㣬ƺص˴ǰȻҶ㵱һ
һ޴ʯ˳ˣֱӳڵھŲ㣬һɨһƬʲô˽ޣ߽ޣͳͳ޷ֵ
һѹҶں棬ϵǰ׾룬ܿһңǰ˾ŽޣʮַǳǿаɵĴڡ
Ҷ㰵ңҺûôľŽޣаɵĴڣҲ޷ֵ
ҲٿʮԪҶ֧Ų˶ãԼҲˡ
䣡
һߴľŽޱֱƷɳȥΪѪ⣬ʮֲֿ
ЩŽ׷򣬺ܿʧ֮䣬ܣҶ㰵ϧôŽޣڵзȡǶôһԴ
̶̵һյʱȥҶѾܿھŲŻǰ滹ʮޣɢϢҶʼܲסɵ
ÿֲǰɾ𣿡
ҶһĹâνɣѾ˵ķ򣬾һܳΪˡ
Ǹ棬۵ԽԽ࣬˳ֵʱ򣬶¶֮ɫѾ߽ٵţӵھŲ㱻˳޷ٽһ
һмλŹлܴھŲˣ丮ƣ˵ѹ֮£Ȼͻ˰˽ٵɡ
˸մӵھŲ֪
ֹƣȪħڵĶʥܣŵ˾衣ħڵӷɣڵĴѾɹͻƵ˽ٵɣлɹ½ھŲ㡣
һһڵھŲɹһֿ飬ֿ֮£ǳɹˣѹɹ
һͷޱϵĹâҲ񣬶һ־־ʧҲ᳹ʧƬء
ľЩˣϣʮƹƬء
˵꣬ΪĩʧƬء
ûйʱпҶֱ߽ھŻ޾أˣھŲһֱṳ̂롣
߽ھŲ㣬ĿռӼ̣ǿơ
ɹ̤ھŲ㣬ħյˮľ꣬¶һ˿֮ɫ
һֱЩСѹƲ࣬ϾǴɽҶһһصĴҲòӡ
СӣڵϵھŲˣһ·ϣ̫ļ
Ҫ˵̫磬һռ֪ûлᴳ
Ҷûκ˷֮ɫھŲаɳ֣һ㲻˰ɣһҶ룬Ƹһ֣ͱˡ
ҪôģȿھŲʲô˵
Ľ׻ǱȽֹۣȽȡȥȥʮ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷĽȻЩ̰ģǻ˵ĲҪȥȡڵʮ㣬˱֮ȥǡ
ΪھŲռһߣ˭Ҳ֪ںδ
ͻȻ֮䣬ǰ洫ռ䲨һǿϢ

ĽԶϢǱĸ֪رС
ҶҲˣһɫӡˣƯ֮ϣɢϢҪҶǰİ׺֪߼ٱ
һ˸Ͻɫӡ˹ȥƯ֮ϣɫâɢʮִ
СӣһȡİǳĴ󡣡
ɫӡĽƲƲ죬ƺЩ䣬һҶ˰ɫӡ϶һЩ
Ͼһ˵ľ޵ģܲܲٿغü
Ҷü˼ʲôŰɫӡûżȡ
ϰףǽˣ
ҶûἰǳĽʵ
յʮ죡
ĽһֱڼӣѾʮʱˣа죬ǼǸرյӡ
ϰףҰӡܽ⣬ûаհ˱һĵز
Ľ˻ƽɳָտɴǰ˱һֱңңڡ
ɱ¾֮˲ָĳ̶ȡ
СӣҪ㽫ܽ⣿
Ľ׹ĿҶ㣬ƺЩ׽͸
㣬һʱޣһһϦڶǱۿۣ˱ʹ㣬ȥ˽ٵɣºѵֵҸаա
Ҷ㻺˵ܶණҶ㿼ǵķǳȫ
ڼǸʱޣҪʮǲܵģаԻͼҶʱҲࡣ
һȥ֪ȡ϶׷ɱƾɱ¾֮˱Եֵɫӡֲ
ܽ⣬ȫɱ¾֮˱Ҷ˽ٵɣԱˡ
ԣҶ뷨ɱ¾֮˰˱ܽ󻯣ʧһȫһԼıʹõԪĵ⡣
ҵʮ㻹֪ʲôΣգҲһЩ
СӣҲò㣬ʧһȥ޷Ԥ֪飬ǵһˣ֧㡣
Ľ֧Ҷ㣬ҲҶ۷


1262 
ĽʮͬҶҲĿǰʧһԺĵ·Զİ
ʱ䲻ˣֱӽԻͼʮʱ䣬Ǳһ죬Ǵʮ㡣
ʣ°ʱ䣬ҶʱڵھŲ㣬Իͼʮʱ䣬ʣµ죬ڵʮ㡣
ã
ĽײٵֱԻͼʼƽɳҶȡ֮ҲԻͼ˱
ƺܵѹ˱ȻҪŰɫӡһϸµĴ㡣
νһɽݶ˱ܵΣҪһ
ѰаŮ棬ʲôⷢ
һֵӡˣЩɫӡ뵽֮УҶҪĽöɫӡֽ⡣
ƺܵвŭĺУҪҶϧǰԻͼа˱һѹƣѲȥ
ˮľ꣬ϳˣҪסס뿪
Ҷоһѹкܴѹˮľ˳
ħҹˮľʵˣڣʱ䣬ܼ尾
İɣҿ԰ʱޣҪһ㡣
ˮľ꾹ȻûзҶ㣬ʮһٳˣɫӡֱסһ޴
£ɫӡʵҶֱӼҶһƣܼӿʱ䣬ʮʱ䣬Ѿǳˡ
Һɱ¾֮ԼѾﵽ̶ȣֻȱһ֡
Ǭӡתӡ׻ӡȸӡ
Ҷӡǣɫӡڱɺ۱ֱ˱ɱ¾֮С
򣬼ϻƽɳ޸Ľ׷һâʢڰɹ
͵֮ٴδ򿪣޾ɽ編֣뵽ɱ¾֮С
ɱ¾֮ԼͿˣҪҶİȫư˱
Щ׳ķ뵽Ժ󣬴Ӹɢһɺ嫵зơ
ɰڴһ٣
Ҷľ飬ǳ򵥣ɫӡ֮еɺۣͳͳ뵽У֮ϣԽԽǿֻһ֮ң
ˣ
ܿռ俪ʼǿҵ𶯣Ǿ춯أɱ¾֮֮ϡ
ӷĽӡɫӡķѣɺۻзǳˮһӿ뵽˱֮С
¡
˱ͻȻ¡һͻȻ޵ķŴ󣬱һݴС
ɢ޾Ľ⣬Ƭ񷣬޼ɵɢ
ڽ̶ȡ
Ҷ¶һ˿˷֮ɫӿٶȡ
ƻۣ׽٣һ׵ֱӻи֮
׽ٵϴ񣬸ԽԽСҲøɺۣһϢ
ÿһɺۣʮִ׳˸ҫγľ
ķһöڽ˱Ҷʮοϰ׺ϣܴöϵ
һɺ嫵ϳ֣˱ռڲϵķŴԳɿռ䡣
ǰҲпռ䣬طǺܴ󣬽֮ĿռһС磬ɼǧˡ
ʱһȥǸھŲԽԽ٣Ѿʣ޼ܼǲš
߽ٵɳֵԽԽ࣬ͷʧˣֻ˻ڼ֣Щ˶ɹͻ˰˽ٵɡ
ҶڰԻͼ֮УѾȥʮ֮ã˱δƳɹǳķҪ̻󷨣Ҫ׽١
ɱ¾֮ѾȫͣƯ֮ϣѺ۳ʧһɨճһѷ죬Ҫ֮ǰǿٱ
ǶİҲ޷Ƚϣ֮֮
ܿ컯ΪһСˣһԣҶ˱ҲﲻæֻܾȺ
˿̣Ѿը˹˳ɹھŲ㣬õ˺Ĳϣ֮󣬾
һҶ㲢֪ӿƵٶȣһ׵֣ڸ֮ϣɢĽԽԽǿʢ

һˣ˱ΪһʣܿٴαɸһĿķˣЩʧһɶ
һ׽£˱׻ΪһҶ򵥵Ĺһ£ڸղųֵöɫӡ
Ұ˱гɳռ䣬ϾǰʥֻҪ㹻ĲϣƵ
һСֱӻصҶ֮УӨ͸Ѻ۳׵ʧˣȡ֮һĨʥ֮⡣
úúãһ׮Ը
һֱɱ¾֮˱ƳҶ㲻׷Ŀ꣬ڵóԸ
ʱ䲻ˣץʱ䣡
Ҷһʱ䣬ԻͼѾʮʱˣҪǰʱ䣬˼졣
ְֳ˱һֳɱ¾֮ʮ㣬ô򵥣ҶҪȫ׼
ھŲͳ˰ɣʮܳ˼

ಣ
Ǹ棬һӰ£ǷڵĴɹϵھŲ㣬֪ȡʲô
ڵھŲԽԽ٣ĵ⡣
Ĵһ֣Χϣ֪ӵھŲõʲôϧĴʲôҲû˵ϰ˽ٵɵʵ˭ȥùͷ
ʦ֣ʮϲȥ𣿡
һڵӿĴϵСʵ
ѣͻư˽ٵɣھŲ㶼ȥʮˡ
ǾŽٵɣߣлʮ㣬ȻŲѾǼˡ
ЩŽٵɣ߸ϣǲȱȻǰðգһţǹһ
ֻʣ丮ƣŵ˾裬оħڵˡ
óֵĶˣֻ˻δڳԳʮ㡣
ӻһ䣬һӰ˾裬ʮʧܣûǷ֮ɫջ񲻴
ŵ˶Χ׷ףأϾߵһһҫ
һյʱȥӳˣɢħͻƵ˰˽ٵɣǿɲԱȼ罯ˡ
һħ˲Ǻܶ࣬ħھˣһֱǶж֮һɨħ棬ѹƵĲ̧ͷ
һȺ
һڣЩʿһֱҪħ壬˫Ͳһһνߣһٶˡ
ӣ㵨ôʿһħͷ
һӴĺȵһλֵܣӵ

ӵͻȻʧԭأȵֵʱóӵǰ
꣡
һԴֱɱ˲գۣѹͲ˷
ӣȰ㻹һЩŭˣûкô
Ȫħڵǻ˵ͬΪħˣҪ͵Ķࡣ
ǻȪħԽԽȥˣȺɱ١
˿ںħɢȽ֮󣬾ħٴγһš
Ҷȫ֪Ѿ˵ʮŻӭĽʲô


1263 ʮ
һֿһʮ㣬꣬˭Ҳ֪ʲôʲô죬Ҫˡ
ڼǸ棬ЩʿΧһȦҪɱӣ˵Χɺ촽˿⡣
ڴΧӵʱƵ£ϵϢͻȻǣͻƵ˰˽ٵɣǿɲ
丮Ĵ֮ӽտʼ¾ҪˣΪƳɹ˽ٵɣҪ߳һء
ЩΧӣƺôȤֱߵһԣȻǸ
ΪڵھŲ㣬ʲôҲûеõǿʮ㣬ֱʧܣʮջ
ӣڣ
ɱЩֵܽã׷׷ȣ׼֡
һȺƾҲɱңֱǿЦ
ϵϢԽԽǣһ޴ħ٣ܷ˲ħˡ
ǿ쿴˽ʮˣ
ŵʱ̣һָżǸ󣬵ʮ㾹Ȼ⣬ǵâʮǬλ֮ϣš
üͷһ壬ϢܿɢȥΪ󲿷ֵ˵Ŀⶼۼڵʮ֮ϣҲ⡣
ôܣ˴߽ʮ㣬ǺηѵоŽٵɳˣ
˴Ų֮ɫ
ܣŽһǸʵҲᱻѹƣϰ߳ܶȼʵԽߣĲԽ͡
ֱӷϣǾŽٵɣǾŽٵɣᴳʮ㡣
ǻ˭
ͷסһʺţŵӷ׷׳֣ûгֵģˡ
ţ໥ڼԼԱֶԼżˣôҸӻɣ˭
ǸСӰɣ
֪˭Ī˵һ䣬һʯǧˣԭˣٴαҿɵ黹δʮ㣬ǾôҸۺˡ
ܣңõɵ϶򿪣ֱ뿪ȥ֮ڽ֮
Ҳ˷ϣ򣬵õɵȥðգǾ͵òʧŪûпڼǸ
ʮ㣬ǰЩȱʧˣٴ̤٣ȷʵ˵ĺ֮ġ
һɹʮı϶
ƾھŲһͿһ޴ţʮıö˵ĸȻõΪĴڡ
ѾǼǰˣѾγԼĹ򣬾һҲ޷һš
ʱͬȻҲͲͬǰһƬңûоķԼż٣һЩܽҸͶ𣬴ż塣
ǧĿ⣬ˢˢľۼڵʮ㣬ƣӣĴЩҲ⣬ʮǵռĿ꣬Ƕʧˡ
һУҶȫֻ֪ҪˣϾҪˡ
̤ʮ㣬һɫĹâҶ㱻ԭأȻҲܲסЩ⡣
ɽ磬ɽ磬ҶŲŲûУͱ񱩵ķѹƵĴ
ס壬ҶѱѹɷĩɽĿռȣǷļٱ
֪һʲôѹٱʱ໹𣿺Ȼǲܡ
ҸӿֲˣĳˣҪҶնɱһâ£ǰ˱ɱ¾֮Ҷͱ롣
СӣԥˣϽ֮ǿֲסˣ
Ľ׶ʼҽΪܵģʲôܷʲô
ҶˣʹȻϾǷˣʮ֮һ߶
ΪҲָͷ޷
ҶŤΣǿѹ֮Ҷ뵽˾
Сף㲻ǻСó
ĽѣС׶ԿռмǿĿ壬ӦӦĻ
ԿɣһСҲڽˡ
ҶҲұ֤Сܲܳܣһδ֪
ʶͨСף˿̵Сףڰ˱֮УҲ֪ˣõҶٻ˳ֱͣڰ֮ϣҲˡ
СҲˣҶЦһ춼Ҫ
Сףûа취ŲԼ壬Ұȡ
ҶֻԪʶɢȥˣҺøС׻ĽǩԼʶҲܽ
ڰаŮҶϵϣʶͷŲȥ
磬ԿĿռʮּ̣Ҽʱ䣬Ӧƿһ˿϶
С׵Ҷ꺣֮
ã㾡죬ҿֲסˣ
Ϊ˵ڶˣɢ棬٣Ҷ鵽ʲôΣ
ҵ
Ҷ㷢һŭȣŸԪӿ˱ɱ¾֮֮Уʱ䣬
ϣ
ٴγһγ˱Ĺʱش԰˱һּ˺
ô˿յĻᣬС׶ˣղһռһζС봢ָ֮УóһֱӽҶ
ܿ죬С׵ٴαסˣܶ
Ҷԥֱۣ֮֮УһöɫĶ̽ɢ֮
ʶܿȥȻĴǽɫһɽεضƹ
֮۽Ƭɫ磬·Ƭ˹һ仯ݱһɫˣվҶǰ
Ĵˣ
Ҷ㣬ɫľ˵һ仰Ȼ͵ҶĴˡ
Ҷ㣬μǰ
Ҷ㹧ʩһ񣬴˿ֽҶ㲻κֱͣ˵⡣
ԭҪҰһЩϰȻѡеˣΪĸߣȻ˼
ʮһҶĴˣʮһֱƹƬأۣ֮ǰµһֻ۾
лǰ
ҶѹûȥĶԷܲܰԼ绹ڵĿģǻǰΣ
ܿ죬һɫľ˳ڵʮ㣬ЩɹɫһȭΪĽܿռи֧顣
ҶоԼܶˣԶֵһˣҲǻ󣬵ǹȴʵʵ
˵𣿡
չֳҶ㰵ԾЩֻǰµһ־ʵǰٷ֮һȫʢʱڣǶôǿ󣬹һȭܻһɡ
Щ޾ͷţǰһЩռѹֱӴݿ壬һһȭѹȥ
˫սҶ㿴ĿɿڴͿ˵ս
֮иַݱ䣬Ҷѹûм
ûܽȭʹãƾһȭܻ⡣
磬н޽ĵزˣֻҪ˻ڣݱ
һˣܵĿռԽԽҶҲ𽥿ܵľԭǽɽĿһ޴ɽεضɽм䣬һ¥Ǹ
䣡
˱飬־Ҳܱޱƽ


1264 
ֱӱ飬ʹ־һ㰵ȥ֮ǰһϣٴδʮػƬء
ͨʮŻҶЩأҶ˶ٴΣ
ǿ쿴ʮ⳹׽ˣӦƵ˽ƣ
⳹̤ʮʱ򣬼Ǹ泹׷ˣΨһ˭ϵʮ㣬ת
ŻҶ̤Ǹĵʮ㣬̧ȥܿ˸ǳǸ󣬾Ȼûݶֱ
Ȼǰ˽¥ȻһҶڰ˽¥Ĳλڰ˽¥ƺʲôҶ㿴С
һм䲿λ߹ȥĽ׻ааŮ鶼ԵʮıﳬƬأ綼ʮ졣
ҶҲʮֽţھŲʮ϶ܳԽҲһǿı
ԽԽҶؿм买̨ϣһ飬ⱾʮֺأһǰɫһǺɫ
ɫһ޾ɫһ棬
Ȿʮֺ񣬳Ҷ鼮а׺ңһ鼮
СӣⱾƺ
ĽüͷⱾڰɫ鼮ƺЩӡ벻
ú룬⵽ʲô
Ҷ㻹δ͸оһɿֲϢԼȻ޷
Ľ׵ļڿٵ˼꣬ǳӣܶණǣ
һյʱ䣬ĽͻȻ˸һ˿֮ɫƺʮֺµĶ
ϰףôˣ
ĽͻȻɫ䣬Ҷæʵ
ǡ
ĽɫޱȲ԰ף߶£Ҷ棬Ȿ鼮

Ҷһͷˮǰʱ˵޴ƹ磬йһƹ
ѵⱾҶ֮еһ
ˣҶǴӵԽͬһƬ棬ѵ
Ҷ㲻Ҽ룬Ҳڼǧǰ治ӣһҲԼϵ֪ΪΣյӣƬ档
ûҲɫɫ
Ľ״Ҷ·˳ɫȻҰףʮֺ¡
ϰףû뵽㻹˵Сһ档
Ҷ΢΢һЦʲôֻҪǱͳͳȡҶûóȻ֣Ͼû
Сӣǳţ»֪˶ĺ䶯ˣһ
Ľƺڻ£Ҷɫ΢䣬֮µ˾Ȼмʮڣֹܻ
ȪƳһ磬֮˵ֻӡУֻҪһ仰Ϳƿ˵ôǿֻҪϻһ֣ˣҲѲȥ
ĽϹһЩ飬ϱȻž֮ɫ
ô
Ҷϲû֮ɫ˫¶˷ܵĹʡ
ȻڵĻȪħڸħڣǻȪ۵ĺᣬֻմһħ֣Ȫۻմˡ
磬һĴۣȪ۾֮һƹС磬ƹܼڵƾⱾеյĵλ
Ľ׻㼸ʮʱ䣬ŽϹʱڵһЩ
ǻȪڻ𣿡
ǻȪ۵ıôڼǸ֮С
˵Ĵۣ۶һʧƺ봫˵֮е֮š
Ľ˼˵βö֪
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û֮УһֵŻ֮ţֻҪȥ߳ͻĴҲǲֻǻı˳һѡ
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Ǳﰡ˵ˡ
Ҷ˫۷⣬޲ھҪڻ
ȲҪ˵̫磬ӻȪʧ֮շת֣֮նԭġ
Ľ״ŴֵĶ䵽ɽ磬϶ĳЩΪ֪飬Ȼôһ⡣
Ŷѵʲôף
ҶҲʶˣЩа죬ƺʴ
ֻӵлȪ۴еˣʸҪռУ϶ᱻ֮أɣһлꡣ
Ȫʧ˷ϧһܽƿأһ˭õ죬ͻ
һת֮䣬а֮κ˶Ⱦָ
ԺΪһ֮ԶԶģҴȻ
Ľ׵Ҷһ꣬û뵽Ȫۺųĵ֮ףһʳڻȪ۵ͳ֮£һƬ١
ȻȪ۲бϽȫ֮أû˸ðȪۡ
ʱ꣬ٴ˼䣬֪Ǻ£ǻ£û֪
һҰǴԣǴδؾģҲѨ硣
ҶԥˣûǲãһЩܶ޷ƣһ鷲ˣҪմ̡
СӣһҪˣòãȻǿǻȪ۵ĴˣûȪħ޷֮⵽ɣ
ĽҲҶԥѣãòĺá
һֱŷԼӲۣҲᱻҲڽ£Ȫۣһ죬ҲὫ֮
ҶͻȻƣıߣΣΣһ죬ҶһһԽ
СӣйһѣȻˣҲ㣬أƺ֮УҲܼԦҲδء
Ҷʱ˵Ҷ㲻Ƭصˣأϱˣһ㣬Ҳ֮ˡ
һȻգǼǸգܷ׻ҲһҲܶȹӼǸһĽ׾͸оˣҶ˷ǳ졣
һ߹ȥҶ㿿ǰɫһ滹кɫһ澹ȻԼɫҳкɫҳϡﻩ
ħϮӺɫһ棬ðһɫͷʮɲſڳҶҧ
־
ҶӦˣӿɲ֮ҶɢһƳɫͷȥ
Ľ棬ֻнãҶпշ
ͣ
Ҷ֮ɫͷɵˣ޷˵ȡˡ
е˼Ȼ
ҶȻ֪֮һжȻӦǱĺɫͷ𺳡
СӣҪ֣֮֮ܲǾˡ
Ľѣɫͷ֮ػóȻ֣


1265 ת
Ľ׵ѣҶƺ뵽Щʲô
˵ûǸţţνȡ֮
Ҷǰ֮Ҳ˺ΪΪûû֮
ԣתת
ҶͻȻˣϵʮʱѾţǱţЩڵĲܶߣͻȻ֮䣬оһϢϮ
ԭһЩڼǸߣЩһʧȻ׵ˡ
վڼǸЩˣȻƵѾˣΪʵǿ󣬵һȵϵھŲ㡣
ЩʵС֮һ̣ڲͣϳ塣
ǡ
̶һ˲䣬һжˣԭŵŻȫΪţЩֱ
תת׵ʮʲô
ĴǸԼ˵ҲǸߵ˵ϾܸıعģǷ뷲粻֡
ҿһԽеܸıظֶ֣Ĵδֹ
һʥ˵ǽӴĶȽ϶࣬Ƕ̸ˡ
ҵҪ֪˭ɹ˵ʮ㡣
һ֮ɫһ֮УǿֶˣһϽϣһλá
ֻҪϽλãųɵ˶һ磬似ĵȼǳ
ϧֻʮÿһΪЩд
һǼǸرյӣڵȵȣ֪˭ôˡ
л˼ԶҲһ֮ɫʧ˾Ѫ֮ƺһֱǣôȥˣëûҵ
˿̵ĵʮ㣬ҶƺһƬĳ࣬һǰɫһǺɫγ㣬Ҷ֮֮ͬ
ѵ𣿡
ƯԼߵͼҶ¶֮ɫ
ЩͼȻǴɢģһһֻܲһַ򣬻ᱻһַɡ
ҶѾ֮ղȻ֮䣬֮Ҳ򣬵һ̣￪ʼ
ڹ̨ϵҲһЩ仯ЩҳͻȻϣȻһһ鼮էһһڰʯͷ
ʯͷһףһڣЩҳˣѾһ塣
ùŹֵ
ҶҲ㲻ˣ֮ʧصУֹͣڡ
СӣЩŹ֣ƺͬˡ
ĽҲһͷˮҶ㲢ʲôȪ۵Ĵˣ˻ȪħôõϿɡ
֪
ҶҲһãȻԼ֮͵õϿɣƸкܴĹϵ
أȡ˵ȳȥʱϣܲһЩء
ҶɲõһӣƲˣһʵʯͷҶģϸȥʯͷ֮ϻҳӰӣϧҶ޷Ƿ
Ҳʵ޷Ͼ֮˶ܲٿأǷˡ
ĽΪҶȻ죬Ҫٿ֮Ȼǲܵġ
˵ûȻõϿɣİأҪԼȥ׽ʱ䲻ˣҲ뿪ˡ
Ҷ֮󣬵˵ͷаŮС׵˶һŻȥ
תŵʱҶоܵķ򶼱ˣô
ѵȵòͷˣһ죬ֻмʱʱ䣬˻δ֣ʮֽ֪˭˵ʮı
ǿ쿴ʮʧˣ
ʮһʧһӰӵʮֱ֣ӳȥ
վżǧ˵ʱϵӰͻȻ쿪һ԰ɫ˫ᣬһ˸ȻԶȥ
򣬹Ȼ㣡
Ȼɣ޷赲Щ˵ߣѽϵӰһϳˡ
ҶҲȫû뵽Щ˾ȻһֱغٳûȥѵһֱڵԼ
СӣȻ˵ʮ㣡
űҶζҪըˡ
ǿ׷ˣɵ
̵һֱ׷ȥ׷ʩչҶ
ϧЩٵɣգۼĹ򣬾ͱҶ˦ֻ߽ٵٶȲܸҶƽ
ɱҵܣڣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶǰһĿӣһŭȣ丮ܲҲڼǸ棬ղЩ򼱣ܵԶÿҶ㳯ӹֱӳ֮ϣסҶ㡣

Ҷһ䣬ɱ¾֮ˣһɨĽֱ˺գ񷡣
ͣ
ܲĻһ£оһԴڿԼ岻ϵ׹ܿˤ˵ϣͨһķѡ
Щ׷ϵһЩɫ䣬߽ٵɾȻҶһɱʵʲôʱ˿ֲˡ
ԣʹõıȻ
ſ壬ҶղŶ
ûһǴӵھŲõģһҪ
ҶΪҶĳǴӼǸھŲõڵʮı϶ҪҪǿ
ɱҶ㣬Եõ˾Ѫɵǵõ뵽ЩҶѪڣ׷ɱҶ㡣
ҶٶԽԽ죬գ֮䣬Ϊһֱߣʧʡ
ƿҶʧıӰ¶һߣƺг
ô׷ˣ
Щ˽ٵɶ׷ˣ¶ɻ֮ɫѵǶˡ
СӲģǹϽʱ䣬ҾͲ֡
˵˴еɻҶٶȫ߽ٵɣֻа˽ٵɲ׷ϡ
Ҫѹķʽ׷Ҷ㣬кܴѶȣǴãҶԼ
л˼ԶôģѵҲҪ𣿡
ᳯл˼Զʵ
ɵӲãȹϽСĳˣΪƾЩˣ𣿡
л˼Զһۣ˽ٵɻĵȵʱ߽ٵɹȲ
˼
̽Եʵ
׷ղѾǧ׷ӡϴεӣܵ
л˼Զ¶ЦݣϴɵҶˣΪûüʩչǧ׷ӡǽ첻ͬ׼
ãˣСʮֹŹ֣ƾˣ²Ƕ֡
Ȼթ֪֮еģƾҶղһնɱܲܿҶǵ֮
ϱڶ࣬Ҳ·߲ȣ˾ѪɵȵȣˣҲһЩ
л˼Զ˵ͷΪ˵û
ãȥ
ʹһɫȻм˹Ⱥѣ澹ȻҲУЩദ˻Ϊһ塣
Ὣƻ˵һ飬ûһ˷ԣҲ֪ĵȵϽõκζˣԣΪǿ


1266 ׷ɱ
۷׷ףҲ˷׷ӣʱ䣬ϣҵҶ㣬ᱦ
л˼Զˣܿһʧ˳Ҷķ׷ȥ
ǲ֪һȺ˰װ׵ȥˡ
Ĵֹ˷ڵˣȥ׷Ĵӣû˸ҷ˲ĴӣѾл˼Զһ뿪ˡ
ʦ֣ѵô߽ٵ׷ȥܽɱ𣿡
Ĵһ꣬Сʵ
ѣƾղһЩȥǰװ׵ƾڵʵһҲСӣҪȫԴ
ĴղĿÿҶһնɱܲһѳ߽ٵɡ
ôǿ󣿡
߼һŲ˼ٵһɱ߽ٵɣܵõ˽ٵ˸ߵۡ
Ӿ򵥣ܰȫĻ뿪򣬽ɾͣԳ̫࣬Щνţһȣʲôǡ
ĴûˣҲûг־Լ磬£ؼҶܻܲ뿪ǹؼ
ʦ̫߿ˣֻҪһðҿ϶Ὣķѣ뿪򡣡
Ĵ˵ĵϾһöɵͿԸıʣ˾ѪػصıɾͣԽǣֻʱ⡣
Ǿȴɣ
Ĵûм˵ȥ˷׷ɢȥ׼ӭĹϽ
Ҷһʱʱ䣬ڰˣֻҪûа˽ٵ׷ɱҶȫɰѡ
ҵһͱڣҶʹ֮ԶһڼǸ󣬴жʮ죬ؼա
ĵĵȻˮľ꣬磬˷ܵҶԾ
ѽѽѽ簡ְ
ˮľϴصԾһ赸һᷭͷһһ
ѾҲ湻ˣҹ˱ҸطѿԺһҼգճһٳ
ڼǸˮľʩչþ棬þ˲ͻᱻƵҪˮľٳһҶҲмİ
ôôɨˣ˼һû湻ء
ҶҪԼȥѿˮľЩˣϾ̫ˡ
ԺеǻᣬѾˣֻҪûˣͿԳ֡
ҶҲ֪һζĽסҲУҪӲʩˮľ꣬ŻʵʵԼڲ
⻹࣬ǸʲôȻ˵㣬ǿܰɣ
ˮľ꾹Ȼ˵˱һҶڸħúõĻ¯һΡ
ҶĿ⣬ˮľԹԵĻص˰˱УҵһƬ̵أ׼ѿ
в֪ģ
ҶǻһߣѾо׷
ȻԼԹң
ҶӲ֮Ժ˶ĸ͸ֻҲֹֻɱ¾
ҵˣ
һȺҵҶľȻл˼Զˣһ֪ӼǸʮγ˺ܶСˣ׷׷ɱҶ㡣
򣬽㲻
˵նս̵ԣһɲ߽ٵʵչ¶ҪܲҪǿ󣬾ǲš
û㲻
˷׷׸ͣһɫ߽ٵɣˣһ𣬰˽ٵɶҪСӦԡ
Ҳ
ҶζЦݣ治֪ЩôģѵԼôɱ
ɶʮ֮ǰҶ㻹жԶԶǽȣʮɱľ仯Ҷʵǡ
ɱ¾֮˱ʵǲͬ˰˽ٵ֮⣬Ҷ㲻κˡ
򣬲ҪˣӲġ
ԺĹƷŭƺЩȵòͷˡ
ȻǶҪɱңǾ͸ɣбɱҵľ͸ϣ
ҶһԾʧԭأΪַ׷ӬˣһҲҧˣҶҪơ
׷
һȣֱ׷ȥٶ˿Ҷ
ҶʧãһȺ߰˳ˣл˼Զˣͣԭء
Ϊβ׷ˣ
л˼Զͣһɻ֮ɫʵ
СܲģһܾˣɣǸá
л˼Զ¶Цеһг
ûȳ֣һܾˣֻҪֳɵľС
ͻȻЦû뵽л˼ԶȻı㡣
Ǿ𣿡
ЩףӦ׷ȥȴ
ȵȵȣóȻ׷ȥСӿ϶ᳯЩ˳֣һֱߣǵٶȲռƣһ˭Ҳ޷֣ˮһա
л˼Զ͵ҪʮΧҶ㣬Է϶ӦսߣҵҪһֽţڼƻ
˷׷׵ͷ˼άʮΧ϶ߣۣҶҲЩ˽֡
һ˵ˣΪҲΪл˼Զļƻûκ⣬óȻ׷ȥ϶ҶΪ֮񣬲ϵıӣһֱ׷ȥ
ЩƻҶȫ֪˿һɽ֮ϣŽ׷ˣͻȻɢɱ
չ¶һ
գ۶ҶȷˣȻ֮սͲ飬ɱ¾֮ɢĹ⻪޾ɽ編򣬾УΪһ
ã̫ǿˡ
׵еһˣܵ˿ֲѹδӵϮȻ޴롣
ҲҪ£ҲܵģϾһ˵վޡ
һȣһгˣȻһһѲıӽĳ̶ȡ
˵ĹҶǵЦԽԽŨʵɱԼֱ췽ҹ̷

Ҷһȣһ껹δӦоһԴҶĽﵽ˳뻯ĳ̶ȡ
̶һʱ䣬ҶնɱһˣϹٶȣ˵Ĺ޷
дӡ
ڼǸ֮УҶ˲֮дӡٴαǣȳȥʱЩܽдӡݱİ塣
꣡
һϻ˷ܵЦݣͻȻԭأҶһֱʣˣĲ
һУָһڵˡ
֮
ҶܣڵħħһڵħȺն¡
־һһŮӷһУҪѾˣ֮Ѿ
ǡ
ϵĹͷһ㱻֮飬֮ǰ֮Уʹ֮ɫȫ¶֮У̫ĺڡ
գۼĹҶѾնɱˣʣɫ䣬Ҷÿһιޱǿ󣬳̫̫ࡣ
ԭΪҶ㲻˭֪֮ķ򣬸ǽЩݱԼĵ⡣
˲¶֮ɫղŻת֮䣬ս־ͷ˾仯ˣѾҶնɱˣҶѹķʽ


1267 
̶ʱ䣬Ҷֵչֳѹķʽնˡ
Ϊһεͷ˵ԣϸǳֺȻ֮ɫҶֶ
ǲĶ֣ˣ
һȣȻͷߣҶʵǵ󣬲սֱӳԶߡ
ߣȻˣҪ
Ҷһ䣬Ũɱ۳ɺֱӽ
ʽ
ɱ¾֮ݱһѾ޸ֱն£Ƶ뿪ͱһΪ˲
нָ
һ޴ֱָ֣ѹһӵϣдӡһΪһ⡣
нָ𽥸дӡںϣʽ޼ںһ
ֻʣԸһŮ˳ױҶֶԭأȻߡ
ˣҶޱ飬ҵģɱߣҪбɱľ
ǲԣǣұ֤ԺҲ鷳
ԻһȻ
֣ҶԴݿķʽ߽⣬οֻʣˡ
ǣ
ղǺŹң
ҶЦһɱ¾֮ɢǿҵĹâԶ˫ۡ
㲻ú
ܵԼƶѹסԷȻҪԱ
ûлˣ˱ѹ
ԻδԱ˱ˣֱӽѹԭأɲѹһɽѹԵϣԱʧȥˡ
Ҳİ
Էҽһ󱻰˱ѹ⣬ʧ
ɨһŮҶû飬һɨһԴȫ
˵ĴָвٵıҶڼԴΪƻҪԴѻ
򵥵ʰһ£ҶһԶȻ¶аЦ
Ҫ˲ȸںҾͳȫǡ
ҶͻȻһЩѪĨԼϣҧ⣬һѪɫܿҰףէһۿҶ˷ǳص˺˵һϢ
ѵڵϣϥ£Ҷ㾹Ȼˡ
Ȼ˲һʱ䣬һ߰˳ˣл˼ԶˣôãǵҶܾˡ
ҲСˣóȫǡ
ῴҶϥڵϣɫҰףϻѪһܼصơ
л˼ԶҲ¶Ц⣬ļƻ˵ǳɹˣȵƴܾˣͻȻ֡
ϱȽأǾ鲻ȴֲ֪ﲻԡ
Ҳһ䱸ˣ֮һߣԭˣⲻ߼
˷֮ɫƺ˷ܳͷԣ뽫ɵ֡
Ѿǿ֮ĩԹԵĽǻһʹ졣
̲סˣҶӵ˾Ѫɵҩڣһ
ŽԼΧ߰ˣҶ㻺˫ۣĨȥǵѪǿվֱ
Ǵ̣ǵҸƴܾڳ֣Ұġ
Ҷ޾ķŭ֮⣬ЩȫСˡ
㻹ɵ֪ǹǴս֮ų֣Ȼ㶼֪ͷˣɣƤ֮ࡣ
¶ЦǵĿĺܼ򵥣֮
ΪƾǼɱңֱǿЦ
ҶֱͦˣϵϢһ仯ƺͻѵĸо
ɱ̫練ˣȻ㲻ʶôɱ㣬Ѱ
ţԸ˵Ҷ㣬һԣʵҲ˽ģȳ֣ȻҶ㴢ָƣѡʱԼռȨ
ɷ˵һ֣񱩵ƣ˳ȻֳһѴ󴸣Ҷݺݵ
֮ϣַͬһöö̾ᣬɢϢʮֿɲ
ʵ򵥣ܳΪʥӣһǷ֮
ڹ֪Ҳ˵ʲôҶб֣˭ȳֶһ
ҹľ޴ҶȻޱ飬Ŀž޴£ƺ˵ֵ
Ҷ޶Եӣ¶Ц·𿴵Ҷ㱻һĳ
˶һֻӣҶˣȻҲ͵֣׼
žԼľ޴ֻм֮ңҶͻȻˣΪһй⣬ֱʧԭأȭͷ֣˸ȭӰޱȣļĿϾӡ
飡
޴ڿ֮ϣһƵܿ죬ҷֲԣ壬ȻһϺһ乭ֱӵɳȥеĴ󴸣ֱ˵ϡ
ǡ
ϴһĹͷѵ׳ȥϰףźݺݵˤڵϣ֪
Ҷ㣬ȻվԭأŵԼǰĴ󴸣һ
ʿ
ʣ˵Ŀ⵱УҶ㽫սԼĴָУϲҰ֮ɫȥȡ֮һĨ
㾹Ȼװˣ
˷ˣԭҶһֱװˣǣͻȻ֣˹ᡣ
ȿȡ
ѵʧȥжΪĵﱻҶһȭ飬һˡ
ܲԪᷢһĲҽУỬ
磬ǶôĲףȹ˶ٽѣ˶£нյĵλ
ΪҶһȭһУһˣһҲٽһ
丮ĵӣɵҿԷ׷ɱ
˵ˣҪҶ㽻ɵԷҶ׷ɱ
ʦִĺ̰
ҶЦһƳһ棬¶Цݡ
лʦֵĺ⣬˱ȽϾǿ˲ۣͬڵӣҲ
Ҷ㽫˵ĺף֣Ҷһɱ󣬱ϾҶڻ丮ĵݡ
ԼҪΪնɱȺκǡ
˵꣬ͻȻâʢгһ֣ȻҲҶɱ¾֮ȣ³ˡ
ԭΪƣȻҪˡ
廹оûҶҪһЩ
Ұ˱ɱ¾֮յԽ࣬лͻƵ
һҲȾָҵҾնɱ㣬ɵ
âһʾ⣬˽ıٴγ˳
γһΧȦҶԭأʵҪȸղԵǿϲһǰ㡣
ҸҪǣһƺһöҶ㲻òСӦԡ
û˱Ҷ˽⣬Ҫ˷ֱ
л˼Զ˽ƻ⣬ʵҲǳһǿ֡
һ֣һתתȻʼŴҪҶסһȦ
úã
Ҷһθ֣˷ܣɱ¾֮ˣһŭնɹȦɺ۽֯һ𣬷һҵը
䣡
ɢ֮һ񳱣һ޴ѷ죬ܲϵ졣


1268 
ײޱȣЩûػߣֱӱɳȥֻмʵǿ֮ǿֵĳ
ַУһɣٴεĿĺܼ򵥣ǽҶסҶֻɰڲ
ʦֺ֣ܲÿ
ղһ̽ҶѾʵĴӵڶʵƣѾͻƵ˰˽ٵɣʥ֮УӦǿˡ
Ѱ·ͬ丮ӣҲҪ
汻Ҷ̼ˣĴӣߴﶼǱĿ˾쾹ȻһССĺĵӳˡ
˵ûǶҪ
ҶЦԽԽŨôţҪһɱϵıǶԼˣ϶ھŲ㣬֪ʲô
򣬱ѿ֮ڣ
л˼Զһеĳ˵˻һΧҶ㻹Ǹоһǿѹ
ɱһ
ܵУҶʽǿ󣬼Եֵһػ
ɲĽɱ¾֮ɢǴɱ¾־ܴݿ磬Яһֺ嫵ɱ֮ϯȥ
䡭
һ֣Ҷ㺷Ȼһˣɱһһɫצ˵Ĺ˲仯⡣
ģ
һѣϳһޱȾ޴ӣǰ˴սɵĻ
ԶɽڴѣԶɽӣҲس٣Һû£Ȼ¶޹⡣
һȻҶһˣɫǳÿؼҶ㲻ٵɣֱ˼顣
һ֣ҶҲǵʵߣв֮⣬ˣҶ㲢ں
ҪƲſԡ
Ҷɨһˣ˵
ƾһһʽɱһˣ·ǳ֮ѣÿҶҪ͵Ϯɱˣ涼ܵһʱ䷢֣⡣
ս˼ʮУҶûκεİ취ʩչۣ֮ˣҶֻʩչһΣʩչʱֲܷһ˾лɳˡ

ԥҶֱӼϳҶ㣬һģһϢһġ
Ψһͬǣһֳɱ¾֮һֳ֮˵зȫһģӿ̳ġ
ɫʱһ䣬Ҳݱ󲿷ֶԻõģõ˷ֱ治ǸģǸǼٵġ
Ҷ㲻ͬķǾ߱ǿĹһô֮
һҶʮּ֣ͬʱⲻò˽
дӡ
һö޴Ƴˣʵһŭȥ
һҶ㣬ֳ֮Ҳƶı˷ôݿǵİΧȦ
֮
Ҷ֮л˼Զ˱ҪĽƻˣ綼һնԺȫҲбϡ
дӡסйãޱ¥ĵӣдӡ£ɫʱһ䣬¶Ұ֮ɫдӡ֮£Ȼ־壬һ˿
ǰɱˡ
ʮΣգ涯ˣеһ裬дӡײȥһ𻯽ӡ
ʲôɱˣû˿ֹ
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ϧ͹˾޴߱ʽȻʩչҶʩչһǿ


1269 
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ŷɹɫ䣬Ϊȫʧȥ˶ĸ֪Ҳ˵öѾˣҶС
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1270 Զ
ҶЦһ˵Ļֱ֮ǸղźԼ
ûжܵĿܡ
ԼһŵĴҴܣﻹҽ
ҪҪɱң
Ѿˣ״ΣֻҶ㲻ҪɱϧҶûиκλᡣ

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ٵɣǿ˵ز߸ǵ˼ά
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˭Ҳߡ
ҶߣȻˣҪɱ
л˼ԶһߣҶ¶һ˿аЦͻȻһöֱ֣л˼Զͷ֮ϡ

л˼ԶͻȻһҽУȻֹʧˣ涼ûп壬ղǵʲô
ҪߵŵһǺһƨ˵ϣл˼ԶӳҶ֣̫֮ɲˡ
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ȻҶǹĴӣһֱ߸ϣܵ衣
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е˼
Ҷһгһɢǧ⣬ֱӭȥ˲佻֡

ֳ˾죬Ѿ˵ӰӣֻܿһӰشһγǿĳϵĳԶ졣
ſڵϵĹᣬֻĿųԼܿͱƷɳȥʧˣƻΪһѷɻˡ
ɱһ
Ҷһŭɱ¾֮ΪһͷЩֱɳȥڳһƬյء
תɱ
ӡٴһ䣬ЩֿʼתҪȸղתٶȸӿ٣׷Ҷҹ
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һΪһֳһ֣γĶʱ䣬֮ϣȻشȻ򵥡
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ʮֱõʥӣ쾹Ȼ˵żһ֪ʲô顣
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ն£ͬըףԶǧҲһ
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1271 Ͻ
죬֮ϣĻѾ˵Ӱӣֻ޾ˣܹȥͬʮ籩ϯҰ
žǱĵһ죬һӰ֮УȥĿһڿѪղһν֣Ѿˡ
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֣һƷɱ¾֮ȣԶ
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㵽ʲô񹦣ڶ̶Сʱ䣬˳ɾ͡
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ʱ䣬ҶҲûȥ֮Ҷ̻һöҪǰ漸ö財
ڿ̻һö߼߽Ӧòڰ˽ٵԱˡ
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Ҫͻ˾磬ɱڸ֮Уֻдﵽ߽ٵɣԱ֮
ʮ޴Ľ𣬷·ӵһҹ֮ð˳ֱͬʮɢ콣âңңӡ·ңԶʣܴ޾
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ҲЩ˲Ҫ磬ҪıʣΪԽãɾҲߣֻһʱģϾѰʵһ¡
ܲ壬ǰѵһһ޷壬վСߵ۷塣
ԣΣõһϣܵõϽĴС
Ϊ̨δſϽδ׿ЩѾȲˣĦȭƣ׼ᡣ
ʮγһ޴ԲΣЩ߷׷վԲм򣬾ǧˣԵӵΪ߶ڽм֣ĵ棬ͱĥù⻬羵
Ͻһλã˭Ҳ
һվ˳ֱӸˣʮһ
ЦƾҲϽ
껰һվϾڳЩˣʵҴʵ޼˭Ҳ˭
ܿ죬һһ˿ʼ֣ΪһѾ


1272 ɵ
ϽδȫѾʼˣڳ˽ٵɣǿ϶һλá
丮ƣڵĴŵ˾裬лȪħڵĶʥܣԼħڵӣڼǸУɹͻƾ硣
ڳ߽ٵɣҲвʵǿ֮׼ʣ
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Ժֳɣҵˣ˭ҸǸԺȥ
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ʣµֻҪ˿ͻ˵ķ׷ɱȥǿһڣܵõ˵ĸ
ģƾһҲϽϽҹ
Ϊޱ¥Ժûгְ˽ٵɣȽϼң˭ͻư˽ٵɣȻһ
ùӦ㣡
˺ܿˣţʵ޼ǺأȻֲʤ
ҲòȥһֻҪᣬͻȥƣȡԷλá
һȥַըţҲܲסս
ڴһʱһӰĵĳˣҲߵϽ
ΪϽһԲΣҪλãҪߵκ˶⡣
ӰֵʱֳͻȻƽһЩڽֵߣֹͣ˽֡
ղֳɸĴʮֽţͻȻžҲ׷֣Զȥ
ĳˡ
Ӱ˵һǰЩƲڿ֤ʵˣ׷ɱȫ
ĵӺô󣬾Ȼҳ֡
ΪǹϽһԲΣֻҪֻһڣҶҪߣܣһ˽ٵɻ
Ҷɨղ˵꣬¶һ˿Ц⣬û˵ǿ˽ٵɡ
ǲ֣ڳû˸ðգҶһʼˣ˾͵һȺС
ȻҶ֣˽ٵһ˴˶ûϾһ໥֮䶼Լ
˽ٵһ𣬳ֶԸһٵɡ
Ȳ˵ȥΣվڽ˵ˣһǸ߸ϣһǣǸһϣԽнᵴȻ޴档
ЦҪ֣ȴסˣΪǸоҶֿµĶܿħ
ߵ֪Ӿçײ֮˼ܣһۡ
ܻ뿪ӵĽɾ;Բͣǰһֱȥ
ȥţԶš
Ĵϱƺûгֵ˼ʱ̱ŵ΢ЦΪҲоˣҶƺпı
ʥȻҲһħڵӣӵĸоһģһ̽µĸоƺҶݷһޣħĿǡ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪Щⲻ֪ɲϢǰָȻһļµ֮ʱ޿̲ͷš
˾ͽ赹ܺõ㣬ϾԺţͳҶû̫Ŀ
Ƹ˵ˣţԣתɽ磬Ȼصɽ磬ȻǰֻأǰһЩȫ⡣
ǲǱɱˡ
˵ĴӣȻΪһЩ˭Ҳ˭Ը黹ǲϾͬʦš
һ˵ƣ䡣
ǻԪ˭Ҳû˵Ǹȣʵ޼涼Ҷǲòһ룬ҶѾԽǡ
û
Ҷ㵭Ļش𣬷·شһͨĲͨ飬ʵҶԼ˵ڳ֮ͲµˣȻû϶ˡ
ʥŮɳ֮⣬λ޶ŴӣС죬ƺЩԽܣ²һ£Ҷ˵һ¡
˸˵ˣ׷ױ죬ҲڽΪ˰˽ٵ֮⣬ڳûһ˸˵ǵʵǿֻ޼
Ҳ˵ڳ˰˽ٵ֮⣬û˻Ҷ֣ǲ룬ǲҡ
һɱҶ㣬ᱦǰ֮Ŀǲðգֻܾվһԡ
ɱͬڵӣڹ棬Ӧ
Ƶ䣬ֱ˳ĹϽȻûһ˸ȥᡣ
ҶЦˣƵĺȳ⣬ҶЦԽԽŨݱɴЦ
˶ˣҶΪηЦѵ֪˿Σ
ʦ֣ܰɱͬڵӣӦʦһ䣬׷ɱҵʱӦ֪ɣ
ҶѯʣʵҶ֪ʱ׷ɱҶ㣬˶һ
֪ûʱ˶޷ϡ
ʦָղ˵Ӧó֣ɱ棬޳ܵģûʦô޳ܵģֱǲҪ˼¡
Ҷ㺩Ц޳ܣ޳ܵ˼㡣
˵ɱͬڵӣӦ׷ɱҶ㣬Ҳڹ棬ȴĬˣˣȻڹҶ㣬޳ʲô
ƺҵĴŵ棬ָ߸ϵԽУ˲⵽ơ
رǱһϰĽɫֱϧԣɢɱ⡣
ѵ˵ˣʦֲ޳ܣǱɣ
Ҷÿһ䶼ֱƵ壬ɱԽԽŨ
ɹŭˣ˵ûǽǿ֮ϣ㲻Ͻɫɱ㣬һֱһ򵥣ɱ棬ӵʣ춼ҪΪ˵־
ת˽֪һֱϣ˵־¡
Цƨˣһ۲۵ƾҲ̸ˣҲǵ׵ĴڣȻô䵽תֻصĽ֡
Ҷ˵ʵǿˣҪתֻأЩϢĽ׸ģҶƵʹ
ɽ磬޵λ۶ѣ֮£ѡתޣڷ磬ڵ͵ȵˣҲˣ衣
˺ЦƵĵλͱ죬챻һĶ⣬˲Ҷ㣬˵ʲô̡
丮ĵӣҽͷΪڽŴá
һƽԼŭ˿̲ڶŭ
ǻҪлʦ֣ϵıα˵˹ûʣ˵޳ܣ߿ˣҿһ챦ǵ˵ĴȻƣƲ㣬棬ᱦ
ҶЦʵ˵ô࣬ǵԼϵĶĨ˵ô࣬һ۾ܿ
˼ҶԪϱûκα仯ΪҶ˵˲ʮıȷʵʮ죬Ҫʲô
˰ԵͷΪЩˡ


1273 о
ƵĵλȻܵ˵ҪᱦóڹвҶ㣬Ŀ˽ֻ֪ǲмڲ𴩰ˡ
Ҷ˵˼ҲͲסһֱӳҶǰȵϢ㽫ҶƷɳȥ˽ٵɣȻǿ
¡
£ܴ¡һһɽò˶ĤʹͬһɽͻȻҶǰ
ϣǧɹ⣬׵˺ѿռ䣬һ˽٣ϵʯܲסӴϢ׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
Ʋ򵥣ȻСΣˣ
Զ˰˽֮УʵǰéֻӿԸ⡣
԰ˣϣܺúˣҪҡ
֮УһǿҹâֱһնֱӳҶ㲱ն£ޱȡ
˾ͿƵʧԭأֱӳҶǰ֮һʱ֮ɡ
ǿδأҪɱҵ̫࣬ϧҵĽ£Ҳ⣡
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻЦҰɢһױȵԵ
˵꣬ɱ¾֮ˣȻ˷һƣǿǿҶǿԪһ磬Ϸɳʯڵ˵ߡ
ৣ
Ӱأ·ܱĽ֣ݱһ޴ƵĽŲ
̫ˣʵȻܲ磬
Ҷ̹ǵĽ⣬Цһǰһö޴ӡˡ
ʥ
ʩչԼĵ⣬ǴɣĴʥѾһЩ
ֻһɫʣγһ޴ҪҶ
ʵʥǰǴϧĴʧʥѾǳˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀʱһϸߣܿǿǧ֮һԼдӡ֮ͬдӡ
Ҷ㲻֪ٵɣﵽ˽ٵɣͬʩչдӡԿѹƣΪ֮ǧǰ棬
ɱһƣ
Ҷ㽣ı䳣̬ʩչɱһҲһֵ⣬޾ɱ¾ɱ֮
ҪƵҵĴʥ̫֮쿪ˡ
˵꣬ɫľȻ£γһֱ˶оһǿĽ֮
Ҷ㵱ȻҲ⣬·ܵ˽
֮ҪԼδ̫Сˡ
𣿲һ֮ķ֧ˣ룬תҲǲ𡣡
ҶǰԪСͶתһ˵˽ʮ͸նɱƣתȻȫϡ
صɽ磬һжҪ¿ʼҲûлˡ
ɱһϾͳɱ¾һɱ֮ܿ죬ݱһ޴Ļ֮ݺݵĳɫûȥ
ııģ
˲٣ƴﵽ˰˽ٵɣѾܲٿ֮ʥһ֮ع򣬽ԭأʮǿ
ҶĹޱϬȻ񣬶޷赲ĽŲοһСС
âһǿܣһìƵĶҶĳìǿ
꣡
Ȼ֮䣬մһɫľ棬ǵֱӴ̴һƵ˴ʥ
ܴһȻ֮Ҷǿս
˵ղŻڻɣ˿ûκλɵĿ⣬׷ɱҶˣƾһУ߽ٵɺѽ
ڴ۷׷׵ĹҶϣͻȻһɸǿɱƺһˣ裬˫Ŀ磬ͬһȼգ˫
Ҷ㣬ڰ˽ٵѹ֮£Ҷչ¶һ棬ûأΨս
ÿ£⻹ٵΪҸоһоҡ
һ߽ٵɴµҺǰ죬û׷ɱҶ㣬ȻڿҲһʬ塣
ûǻĳô򵥣ӵдˣֻһֱûбھ򡣡
һ˽˵Ϊݷܾˣ͵ȵգһɳ졣
ʥŮɬһγأֵȻ򲻹ߵĹʺ˵ϣҲ޷Ǳȼ硣
ǽգ֪Ѿ˦̫̫ˣʸûС
˴ž̾ԽսԹһֱᱻ˳̸ǲĿԽս򣬶ʮֺ
ʥ󣡡
˫öٴһ䣬ǵĴʥݱţʥ֮һסĲͨ󣬶Զ
һεĴʥҪȸղǿʢһֹܣЩĽߣֱӱԭأ޷
ǿ̫ǿˣĲ򵥣
󲿷˶֮ȻҶչֳǿǲҿá
дӡ
ҶȻվԭأϣɢʵһĹ⻬ͬǧƣ֮ϣһˣ䣬ܸݻһӰһƬ硣
л֮飬ԾŻֵ赸
ľ֮飬ڵشһεض
ˮ֮飬ɢֿ֮
֮飬ڵ£ͬһ޴ʯˣһǾ춯ء
н֮飬׵Ľֳֽɫ̴ܴЩ֮ݱ䡣
ҶΧо飬Ӷһ֮ܽݱ䵽⾳ģƬ򣬶ָ
ĴҲ⣬΢΢ݣƺҶˣԴоҪڳκ˶Ҫ͸ֱָġ
кһݱһ޴ƣգȻ죬Σһ죬Ҷ̤ƽأɽ硣
֮ϣͬȼһƷ֮䣬ɢ棬Ű裬һ޴ָӿ¡
־ȿɲĵ˺һöƣݱǧݱء
ҶѾ֮һµĸ߶ȣһԼ벻ĸ߶ȡ
Ҷݱ˾¶һ˿֮ɫѾʶˣǵ͹Ҷô򵥡
Ǿ޴ƣָ£ӿƵĹƣǷȻһ˲䣬ûƵʥ
˵ĵûãó°ɣЩνķ֧֮ЩƲ㡣
ҶܸоƵʵֹˣʥһŵѣתľ飬ƻֵࡣ
е㱾£ȻҪʶһҵҾԸ
˵֮꣬ϣһһ֮ڻصڲʥһˡ
Ȼû뵽ϻ˶ܣԹӵ˼Ǵߣɷ˵磬Ǿǻ֮пܳΪһӡ
ʥ֮ϣƣƺ̫ãڵõ˱Ҫ׳˵ǰ


1274 Ұ
ʥͨ׵˵ӵ֮лǻ䣬ɾһҵ
ϣǾӵˣ˷ǳ֮ѵõţϣԤʾ϶Ҳһ
һìƵɹ˸ȻҲһҵȼͣҪֻҪ߼ﵽƷĵزɱ¾֮ȣв㡣
ڲϣַϣԶɱ¾֮
˳ìҶ㻹¶֮ɫȻԼⲻԼоԵսʤֵĻᣬӲ
ΪҶľڶԷȼԽսԪ߶֮ԪĵĻء
ԽǿĵԪҲԽ࣬սپҶ㵱ȻռݾԵƣƲ棬Ҫһбܡ
ҵĳʮʱ䣬ǹµ˴ﵽˣǵ
ƺڻ£ܱóǹԲһȻҲ˵
Ǻңҽµˣ㲻֮һˡ
ҶżƸЩɱһһ
΢΢һЦûзɱˣΪɱתʲô൱һСˡ
˵ƲţΧȻҲţ𲻹ʱ䣬˽˵ɱϰ˻пܣˣֱ췽ҹ̷
ܶʱû˵Ŀһս˭˭һž޵ս
˶ǰţӵ˲˵˵Ĺ似˭ЦȺۣȡԷλá
Ұ
еĳǹһ䣬ΪһһβͳҶɨǹ֮еľҰƽǹ˾أһ㡣
úã
Ҷһȣһ䣬ɱ¾֮ݱһ޴ĸͷȻԷӵгǹҶ
Ϊɱ¾֮ҶıԸı̬ݱɾ޸֮󣬶һɿ֮УĽ档
׽͸
Ҷʩչ¶ɻ֮ɫһֱΪҶǽտƷ⣬Բ׶Σȴչ¶
ƵĽɫŭ޴βҶ㲻֮ңļµϢò˺ü
䣡䣡䣡
ΪҶ϶޷ֵһУһİ˽ٵɣҪֵյľ죬أշڣط·𶼿ʼ
ȻڴΪҶηʱ򣬾޸ͻȻɢĹâͬһӡء
ҶɫݲȣѪ糱˷ֹϢȻҪƬһΪ
ܵǴ̹ǵѪһ˿ŨҵɱȲҪնɱҶ㣬˾ͻ߽ٵɣľ
ԪǽɫͻȻһƸǿһȣǽɫľʱ䷢˷츲صı仯ӿӽʵʣɢ⣬Ҫ׻Ҷ㡣
˷׷ױɫſƵʵӶһ֣֮ɫ˼ƵһС
ֶΣոͻư˽ٵɣ·һϹǧꡣ
ʵȻתӵǰܶ䣬κ似ʩչƺǧ
նɫɢĸȼŤ֮ϣѪɫ޸ɢ棬潻֯·棬˵ͼضأڲɹ˸ֱŭն¡
ն
Ҷ㽫һΪնҲǱʽݱֱϢȾأƺضҪ١
˴̹ǵĸӡ£ϵĽɫһܵΣһ
˲书Ҷٴ˫ֽӡֻɫƽϲǣһһֵĴ壬û񻷣ʢ財
飡飡飡
δռ俪ʼԱܲסֻصѹƣһռֱѿ
Ҷ̤ǲɱ䣬һ£ңи֮翩֨֨죬ɱ⣬Ϊͬʵһľ޸ϯ£ҪƬضҪ
󣬱˵ƣЩ˶ˣҶͬ鸽壬Ǵǧħ֮߳ɱգҷơ
Ҷӡ£޸ֱն˽ɫϣĽԪ棬˭䣬
һ⣬䣬˫ֻ˾һķڱɽףҶľ޸

ǳǹĵڶʽһʽδڶʽˣΪܵҶ޸ѹ
ƣ̫ʧˣνĴ֮ף
ҶһЦ޸ûκͣ񷣬ŭն£ʮػܣⷽԲѲʣ
ʱ䣬ɱҡԵЩ޼ɵͷţѾֱ治˭ռϷ硣
¡¡
һ޴ı˸ҵɱײʢĹΣضΪ֮һΣֱӵɳȥ
ۡ
ǿþɽһӰûҲҶɫ˲ήղһԼûռʲôϷ磬Էĳǹ̫ǿ
ɫҲÿʮֲҰףȻûѪѾ˴ңһγֻռ΢Ϸ硣
ܵȴôΪҶսʵѾ˽ٵˣһ֮£ܴⱾһ漣
򣬿Ҳֻǵ͹㣬㣬򣬾ԸıʣҲڶ̶̰֮ڳɹĹǳ丮ʱ䣬ôǿ󡣡
ƺһЩʲôҶʩչĹ似Ʋ
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦûгϣҲûзϣֻҪԼϣκβϾֻǲ²⡣
ʦ֣ӳ˰ɣ
ǻЩ⣬ô˵Ļ
ʦֿһЩʲô˰ɣ
ԪҲüͷ壬ƲɱҶ㣬ĴӽڣʵѾˡ
Ҫսսǽֻһ˻뿪αôϻ
ҶøϻȥǵѪһöһţҶ䵱УԸˣҶһʴȣᶯһе
˵Ĳֻ֮һ˿Ի뿪Ǹ˾ҡ
ͬҶ˵Ȼ˳̶ȣȻǲݡ
ǹȵĹâҪȸղŻҪǿʢƻһֵʵ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ҪóеĵˣлὫһɱˣλ˽ٵɾͲڴԼ⡣
Ҷа˼ɱƣܾ˵Ļܵ˿϶ŹԼһ˽ٵɻҶû·õİ취ԾԵնɱ֡
ǹһ֮ǽɫľٴ¶ҪȸղŻҪǿ󣬿ҪһоɱҶˣΪϽϾҪ
ǵսʱ򱻱ǿλãǵòʧ


1275 
Щ˵˹ϽԵشⲨʵǿ֮⣬Ҷ׷׶ܵԶ
ʥ
Ȼʩչ˾һʥԢս֮
˺ȻϢд̹ǵĺҶͬͦεĲɣûκζҡ֮ģ·˪׵磬Զͦΰ
Ǻ֮Ƶ츳Կ˵ǵ֮ţڳֻм˿Ը⡣
죬ƺǿһοҪֵסˡ
һЩŮ˫۶СǣƵ޲˵ƵĻ
һҶ㾹Ȼƽɱ¾֮صԼûݱɾ޸ƺ˵ֵôɶͷԣ֪Ҷ«ʲôҩ
ôˣΪβˣѵѾ龫ʧȥ˵ֿ
ҷ׷ײ²⣬ʱ򣬲Ӧ÷ΪҶԵޱƽһžɣԭأɷ紵
ô򵥣ȻҶһǰ϶̣ܾ־ܡ
ȻɣǸȷҶ׸϶ʲôǿĵ⣬һжǼʵ
ȻҶûչ¶ǿϢǴȴеѹ֣·һ꼴٣˴
Сڸʲô
˲ͷˣϣһսղսľ춯ء
ҪżԲԴУ
ʾ԰ꡣ
ҿǺˣһǸղһ֣Ԫľֻվԭص
һŪ֮ɫղһ֣϶ҶԪˣԲʧȥ˵ֿ
ûҾͿװװʲôʱ򡣡
һһڷ̣ΪҶѾıԵΪƵĹܿҪˡ
ڴ۵Ĺ򣬽ɫʥΪһ޴Ҷԭأһ˽ɫĳǹҶ㼱ŭ䣬̴ܴ񷡣
Ҷ޶ԣǸһ˿ЦƺеıﶼڳԼ֣ɵ˾Ѫֱܵõ̷ɵͿͻһ磬ɾ;Žٵɡ
ƵıҶ㿴һҲһ˿Цֱ΢΢һһͻȻԼ˳ǰ˱
ҶĴֻмСǺܿ죬ͻȻâʢ
˱ѹ
ҶͻȻһȣ˱ӭ籩ǣһɽͻȻѹƵͷ֮ϣʥͻȻһѹƵĲܶˡ
Ȼ˱Ͼӵʥʣͬһѹ˲߽ʥ
޴ı滹̾һͷзƣɫ䣬ʲôΪǿ
׵Уܵ˻ѹƣŲǳѡ
ֵһ̣ҶͻȻʧԭأֱӳǰ治Զֻ֮ң
Ҷ
ҶģɳһɫķֱƵϣɢֲϢ
Ȼ
˴Ҷ㽫Ƶϣֱ֮
Ĵɫһ䣬һͷԶԶȥⱻըˡ
Ҷƺʮ˽⣬ֱӽϣѵļûС
߱ըϱը£ߵ϶ɱҲǳֲ
Ȼɫ䣬Ҫѳȥа˱ѹжٶȴȵҪժȡʱҶͻȻһȡ
ƣң
Ҷ˵ʮ֮⣬͸һħԣƾȻԾĿҶ㡣
ͫȱ
Ҷֱۣ֮ʩչͫƸоʶͻȻʧȥֻ֮һʱ䣬Ҷˡ
ұ
ǧ֮һ֮䣬Ҷ㲻ܽըҲըˣʣµľͲΪˡ
һз̫죬Ĳ˼飬ҵ˼άϣըˣƵϣֱըһĢơ
䣡
һǿ˳ϯȥĽֱӱƷɳȥһЩֱӱˣڵϲϵİϾ൱ڰ˽ٵɵԱ
ϴźȻ֮ɫҶĵʲôˣа˱ѹܺ˽ٵɡ
Щ׷ɱĲԩ
µ˵ȻҶɱƣϡˡ
𾪵ĪĴ֪һνû˿̻˽ûУӺε
ʼĴǴϵõܿͱ񶨣Ϊõ߽öȣֱһΡ
ѵҲǷڵӣ
ĴͻȻðһԼ벻⣬ⲻܣǷڵĵӣ֪ܲ
ڴһ𾪵еʱͻȻһĲҽ֡
Ҫɱ㣡
£˱ȻƯ֮ϣϣɫһ첲ʧˣǰһ󶴣ըѪȻû
˽ٵɹȻǿôըûнը
űԼը˵ƣҶ¶һ˿аЦ
ƣ֪о仰ûΥɻ㲻ɱңôн֮֡
ҶЦƵģɱ¾֮׼ٴγ֡
߲亦Ҫնݳ˽ٵɻָǳǿϱڶ࣬ò˶ãЩƾָܻ
֮
ҶҪ˿һΣƻδָ֡
ɱ¾֮ɢڵϢ渲һһ֪ԼɵҶʲôˣ֮
ܴʧ滹а˱ѹһУǹԼҪֵҶһС
ǻǻŸʲôˣһֵǡ
һ֮ӣȻȻ䵽ֵزϣ˿Ծ
ǻԥˣóȻ֣пҶ㽣£˵ĲҶȻɱȻҲɱǡ
ǻʦֲҪһɺԣҵ⣬ɱ
Ҷ˵ȻټˣһΧҶȫˣҪնɱƣá
ԥĹ֮ˣһֳ֮ʼո
屾شոջָһЩ˿ڣմȾ֮֮󣬿ʼٵãڲ죬ɫ䡣
֮Ȼһɸʴζƺܿ쿪ʼ񻯡
ȻҲù
ܵԪٵţںˣϴЦ׼Ҷͬھ
ɥʧǣǻ̤һֱ˻ôֵֵ
üͷ壬Ҫ֣ǶǿסˣֱҶô򵥣һеơ
ʥҲһųֵԼƽϢ
˾ҲǴ֮ɫ֣ɱҶȻһǵòʧ
Ĵһ˼֮ɫȻڸղöУΪ˺ܶ࿴·ƺʧ˺ܾúܾá
Щ߽ٵɸ˵ˣѹҿ
ڴԥĹֱ֮նƵϣһĲҽг֡
㲻úһɣ
ƾȻҶ˹Ա


1276 
˽ٵɣһԱǳɲȻʧȥ˫ۣԪڵ֮С
ղһöԱ֮òˣҪǰ˽ٵԱ֮ϡ
ҪԱЩٵŵñͷܣ׷ҵܣ»ֱӽը
߽ٵȻҲһ׷׳Զȥӵϣ¶ɵ֮ɫ
Ҷֻмʮ֮ңԱҶ϶޷ߣпܻͬھ
˵ĶˣͬھбﶼҪˣǴҲԸ⿴ģܾˡ
ܴɢֿɲϢԪҪű壬Եޱ
ƣΪԱɱѰɣ
ҶͻȻһ˿֮ɫ֮ٴ
ͫӰ
ҶʩչͫӰͻȻ磬˭Ҳ֪Ӻζ
ͻȻоһʹһд壬һ
ܿ죬һ飬飬飬顭
ԽԽ࣬ٿ죬Ʋڶ̶һʱ䣬ϵⲻˣֻʣһǼܡ
գۼĹǰһ󶴣Щֱӷ˽ȥи֧飬Ҳ⡣
ѣԪйբĺˮӿ溬дİ˽׷
գ
ҶһץЩ˽׷򶼱˱ˣҶ
ˣ
Ҷٴʩչ֮ҪȡƵˣӳԼϡ
ԽǿɾԽߣҲӵд֮ˣܰᣬҶ㽫Īĺô
㲻ú
ԼһԼȥﶼи飬ԱʧȥˣֻʣһԴڷŭĲҽС
Ķ˸оǱסһ㣬ʮܡ
˽ٵɣѾкܸߵĵλˣվȻҪһٵɵһʲô⾰
ֳĳĬû˳ûЦҲûԣֻкȻ
һɫ˱Ҷ˳ֱ뵽Լ棬ħգҶ֮ϣһɫ
ÿٶȣ
̶һʱ䣬ҶƵ˸򣬵ôģҳ׺Ȼ׷״֮ɫҶ㡣
ƣлˣϣҪҡ
Ҷƿʼ˵ĻһƵԴֱըһ֮ӣʣˣֻص⣬걻Ҷֱתֻضᡣ
̫ˣ
̫ˣ
̫Ѫˣ
ŮֱŶһ£ûм˲пɱַҪٴҪ̡
ϵѪⱻһƬƬиαиֻǿЩһƬƬԼ־󣬾ǺȻš
ⳡս˵ȥţֻĿã֪ǶôĲ̣Ѫȣ壬һǡ
ҶҪľĿģˣҪԼ⣬־͸һԼٴ
ҿҶĿ˲䷢仯壬мʣк£о֡
˵Ŀע֮£Ҷ㽫ƵĴָҵ˴ʥ֮Ǵɣ
ϧǹҶûҵԼģˣǹҲˡ
ǹǺöҪֺ˺ܶ࣬Ȼصݣؼ塣
ҶɱƵĹ򣬹ϽڿˣûҶ㣬ʼʣ̨
ɱƣ̨ѾҶռݣû˸ȥᣬƶ˭ȥùͷ
̾Ϣһϵһγı飬ƺЩΡ
һֱƵԼĶ֣ⲻ֪Ķ֣ƣĬĬŵҶ㣬ڼ̵ʱ֮ڣ
֣
ҶҪ̨ĴסĽŲֱ˹
кָ̣
Ҷ㲢ʶĴΪ䵱УûҶ𣬹ڳҲûʶһ
Ĵڵӣ޶⣬ֲҪ֣
ĴҽһҴ֮Уܿɱ
ֽ֪סк飿
Ҷ˵ͷڣȻԷûж⣬ҶҲþǧ֮⣬ϾһѣܱȶһҪá
֣ʵղóöʮֺ棬ƺǷַ⣬ϣǽѣԺ֮ϣд裬Ҳ໥
ĴʮڣûѯҶ̻ӺζҶ໥д裬ѣò˴۾
ɱ֮Ĵǧ겻ţı̬ȣҶ㽻ѡ
һлһԵã
Ҷ㱧һȭ֮ô˵ҶҲеģ֮УѾƻ֮ڣˣʹǰڣ˽꺣֮İء
ãҶɨ
ĴʮҶɱֲֻᣬƺһ㡣
Ҷ֪ΪһȥţȥһľţȷʵֵȥŲţģš
˵꣬Ĵ뿪Լѡ̨߹ȥ
ʣ̨ʮּңѾмʮڴˣ᲻һ̣˾ͽ¹һλãϾ˾ͽ֮УоԵĵλ
ԺֳҲˣޱ¥ģʣ̨ĸǼңܿһȥҶ㻹İȻǿʵĴհ֮£ɹһλá
ʥһնս̵Ķһʮ֮УֻնսŮӣʵǳ
ʮˣЩûģʮְգԼʵ㣬λá
ÿһιϽɻһ磬ܲıʣ
Ҷ̨֮󣬷ԼһƬĵطɵģֱ治򣬵Ŀ棬Щߴض㡣
ҶóŵĴʥ׼
Ҷ㲢ż磬ϣܽϽʥָݱǧ
ҶĪİǧÿһҶɵĲҲٽһΪ˵Ŀܻӡ
ʥһֵ֣ˣҶܳĽɫ֣ĴʥͻȻʧˣҲΪһЩ֣Ư֮ϡ
ЩɫһϵƯɵҶ֮УЩĽҶĻ꺣
Ҷ˫ۣϸϸᣬЩʮֹϣϵҶ㶼֪Ӻζ
ЩһʶƫƫҶʲô˼ͷǳ֣㲻ʶЩ֣ȴ֪壬⾳˵ǹ֮
ܿ죬һдƯҶǰʮĿ˫ۣܿһ

ϽݣȻĴݳЩɫ֣Զ壬Ҷ㲻ʶ
Щ֣Ҷ¶Ц⣬ϽҲ֪ڶˣȻأܽȱĴʥָݱ
˷ܣҶϸϸ򣬳ʱ䣬ʩչ


1277 һ
ʱһȥϽһʮʱ䣬֮󣬻ʣ޼Ҷ뿪ҲûλãҲû˼
ֻм˻һǵӻڣڶҲΪӵİȫʽϣͨϽܲһЩʲô
ʮʱ䣬ҶͻȻ˫ۣһУһ޴ĽɫˣһʵһҪʩչĴʥ֪ǿٱ
ѾɹŻжʱ䣬ȥѰҵͼϵλá
Ҷ˴֮ûд뿪̨
֮һɨɨѾͻư˽ٵɣϽȻأͻ˾硣
˾ͽ¹Ҷ²һҲ˳ͻƾ磬зʥĳնս̵ĶգԺֳɣͻ˾硣
Ĵ˾裬ӣжʥܣδͻƾ磬ǵõ˸ƣǵڷǾ֮ʣһεõʸı䣬Ȱ
ӵԴͻƾǳ飬ޣڵõɽϴ񣬶ԺĪİлʶΪˡ
Щµ˿Ҷ뿪¶֮ɫĻᣬҶ㾹Ȼˡ
û˵Ŀ⣬Ҷֱ뿪Ϊһǣգ֮䣬ʧԭء
յͼϵָʾǿǵĵط滷ֻһһն֮أŪãС
ǺʹҶ㣬Ҫһ龿ɽɽ̫ܣҪ
˵Ҷʩչʹ֮Ϊһй⣬ܿ˺֮ϣֻдܸĽӽλá
һʱ䣬Ҷܿҵ֮ͨصڣҶȴԥˣûмǰ
Ϊֻһ˿ϿȣϿ·ˮǿѲӣҶҪȹȥҪƬһϿȡ
޴Ľʯγɵɽֵһһһֻһͨķ϶
ӷ϶֮Уŭ֮ÿ紵γɸֹ˳ĺӤޣҲҰ۳ɸһ˯}Ļš
Ϊֻһ϶ٷп϶ܣҪǷٶȣпܱ˾ߣֱӱǿɵ
վͣһյʱ䣬Ҷ㼸ü϶ʵҶ㲻Ѵˡ
СӣҪˣǺһ죬Ҫȥɲס
ĽҶ㣬ϣΪ֮Ҫȥðνա
϶ˣڤڤһٻϿұҪȥ
Ҷ֮ԥ֮ãǸٻкܴĹϵŲһУҲҪͼָʾı־
ڵȥӦòֻҪСһͺãЩС
Ľ׶ҶʮţϿȻխҶӵʹֻ֮ҪעͿˡ
Ϊ˰ȫҴСǰ
ΪԷһС׽˳һΣգֱӶռ֮У취뿪
˯СױҶ㾾˳Ҷ˵ֱСףһȥ
ſֲһ죬Се˯ȫʧСĵҶһ
Ͽȣһɹǿ˳С׷еٶȶʱŻ
ҶСףٶȣСʱ䣬Ӧü
СͻȻһ׹Ͽȵʱ򣬷﷨ǳأȻܷС
ҶҲǴһС׻ص˰˱Уʹ֮ס塣
ùŹֵĿռ䷨ѹȻҪ̼ʮС׶޷С
Ҷ㰵ľСĿʹֱ֮ʯ֮ϣʮָðֱӲʯ֮С
ʮָ֮ҶһǰŲΪϿȾխʹ֮չɣһ죬ͻᴥĽʯ
ĺˮǷŭĶħͻȻѹһ˸߹һˣҪҶϯ
ЩˮڽʯϣҵĺҶ󺰣ûõ
ʮָİĹâޱȣ⽸ʯȻܼ̣Ҷ㻹ƽأʮָһǰ
ԶԶȥһм䲿λһӰӣڻƶÿһǳļѡ
¡
һǿĺϮа֮ߣֱӽҶûˮͷҺס˺
ϣ
ˮܿ£ҶͻȻһҽУת¿ȥԼƨϱʲôҧסˡ
ݶ㣡
Ҷϳ֮һֵ㣬зݣϲʳһ͵࣬ϲȺӡ
Ⱥӡ
Ҷʱһ۾濴ȥһҪľ֮󣬲ŵôӽʯϵȥ
ֻݶƯںˮ֮ϣݷǵĦҶһ
ϽҧסԼƨɵĳݶˮ֮У弱һԽԽխһ˵ĺȡ
ĺˮǷŭһϵߣһ˸߳һˣЩݶҶԽԽ
һֻֻ£⺣ˮֻһֻҧһ⣬ܽҶԵֻʣһǼܡ
ϰף취βܰЩݶ㣡
ҶֻܳҶȣ˫ֲڽʯ֮ϣ޷սݶҲֻĿűҧ
ĽҲǽͷöԼԳֹǼܲס˶ĳݶ㣬̫ӴֻҪˮӿĽҲûκΰ취˲ܸȻս
û취ֻܼӿٶȣźˮδϽͨһ졣
ĽΪȻںˮ֮Уɱĳݶ㣬ɱһЩôӴδĽɱ⣬ҶѾֻʣһǼˡ

Ҷ˲һ쾹ȻΣգҪȼǸΣպü
¡¡
ˮʼһϮҶĿЩݶףž޴Ҷƨٴҧ
ϰףϽ֣
Ҷ˫磬ӿŲٶȣһǧ֮˫һŲҲҪСʱ䡣
ĺˣĽ׳ˣһɨЩ˹ĳݶ㱻Ʒɳȥ޷Ҷƨɡ
Ǻܿ죬ҵ쫷磬㽫Ҷ㴵ɳȥʮָʼζķҪǿ󼸰ٱ
ǻУ
гݶ㹥ǿķҶ뵽˾
Сӣаݶ̫ˣҸɱ
Ľ׷УطޣҶֲʩչ˱Ľ׻趼ܵƣܶʽʩչ
ҶѾע⵽ˣĽ׼ֲ˶ãЩݶͻὫԼû뺣֮УΪǵʳ
ѵҪҶ֮𣿡
Ҷδо˱ԸƣҶ̾񣬻һҶһֱûжãơ
ڹϽΧҶԥļһɱеˣδ
Ҫһö񶼶ˣҶеĵƶڣԺ˽ٵɣҪԼıˡ
ƴˣȹǰΣ˵
֮£ҶóһǴӵǽľ֮óģӦҲһ


1278 
ԽԽĳݶ㣬Ľ׻Ϊɱ¾֮ɱҪһط̫խʩչ
ϺһǣĽ׳֣һˮûҶ㣬ǴɣҲ޷Ҷˣôܼĳݶ㣬˲ܽʳһա
źˮδҶֱóһʶֱ͸ȥһƬïܵɭ֡
֮۴򿪣ľʼ仯ܿһ˳ˣӦľ֮
Ҷ㣬μâ񣡡
ʮҶ˽ˣڼǸһľ֮ףâ
Ĵˣ
ۣ֮лâ͸һɴԣλ͸һɲϡ
ǰɣλҲô˵ġ
ҶԵĽλ˵һ飬ҶѾλ񣬼ϾâӦǵλˡ
֮۽һѣҪʲôʮһֱ񣬼ȻĴˣȻҲĵǲ
ٵһλʮһֱκָǶ岻ݴǵɡ
ʵһЩΣϣǰܰһ⡣
Ҷ㽫淢ܿ˵һ飬ʱЩݶҪεҶ״ˡ
ԭˣȻԸСԵӡ
âûκԥӦҶ㣬ǰΣ
лǰ
Ҷʶ˳ʱ򣬿ˣ̳һֱӸ˺ˮҶվ֮ϣǾâ
ߣ
Ҷ㲻ԥڽֱָһ챼ϡЩݶڿʳ
ǧɾ룬գۼĹҶһľ룬ȵתͷʱ򣬷ܶݶʳһա
Ǿâ־൱ھâ־ɵˣҶЩж
âģһ죬һ´ʮƹƬأʮ˼䡣
Ҷ㷢ģһʮٴλۡ
ûʱ˸УҶӿٶȣһĳھǰ治ԶҶ㽫֮ʩչ˼£ΪһǣֱӴ˳ȥ
ҶܳȥգۼĹĺˮûһ죬Щˡ
â񳹵ʧһ־Ҳʧؼ䣬ӴԺҲûоâ
뿪һ죬Ҷ䵽ɳ̲֮ϣһҲʧˣλӰҶ㶼ʼɣһ쵽ʵĻõġ
ɳ̲ϣԶµ֮ϣдУÿһݶ֮ãѳɾҶûҹȥⱻɱ
һɨɳ̲ԶһéݣʮּªĳĵطҶʮ
һǲҶ㲻ڶôһéݣľҲм꣬ƺҪ򣬲û˷ֲ
ɻҶ㲻ҵģҪǺδ
ûʱ˼ҶҪڵͼѾ𲻵κˣΪͼָʾڵķ򣬽֮󣬲֪һԴ
ʶɨһȦûзʲôΣգҶ㳯é˹ȥȻéݣ϶ס
ֻҪˣҶܸˣҶ㻹֪ȥĵ·ܲһӰɡ
Զ֮ϣ죬ɾһ㡣
ɳ̲֮ϣÿһɳӣʮֱһſűĽɫɳ
ɳʮȣ޲ҶͶ⡣
éݲǺԶԼĪһյʱ䣬Ҷڿéݵéǰ治Զһʯϼ㣬Ҳǧˣ̫ºۼ
ֵʱҶ㳹ˣ׻˼Щš

Ҷ̫Ϥˣ鱾ϲֹһο
ɵΪ֮أ˳ûĳڵϣܶطм¼ɵʵڣֻû
λںϴ㣬һɵͶӰһںϣֱʧӴɵĴ˵
˵ǳһ֮ڣвںϿͬľܿȥɵԽԽһֳݵĵز
һʮʮ٣һЩϰվںϣڼ˵֮еɵѰɣϧɵٳˡ
ʱϰգһ㷱ܣݱ˺УӦҲһǳγˡ
ѵǵ򣿡
Ҷ㿪ʼɣԼǴӵԽʮ֮ǰȫǲˣҲ֪Ϊʲô֪ܶʶ·Ժ֮һЩ֪ʶ֮ȥ
ӳΪѪ֮һжˣ·Ҷһ½
ǵǵԵʱĿƼһССĽʯҵοһôĵ죬϶ܲЩǡ֣һ̣ϵĴ̴Ҷ񾭡
ҡҡͷһЩӵȥҪô£õİ취ǿﻹûʲôȻ֪ˣΪɵ֮С
壬Ӧóһλ֣֮һ֮ˡ
ܾé֮ˡ
ҶһֱéǰûóȻȥ
Ҷ㣬óȻǰ£
ҶéˣóȻ˵̣ǲ̽̽ʵ
ܻصéɳƽֻĺ紵û˻شҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬μǰдţ¡
ҶŴ˲٣ܻǼžһƬֻԼĻĴص
ԶɵͻȻ磬Ҷ֮Щ֦ҡڣһϧ޷뿪ƺסˡ
κû˻شҶüͷһ壬ѵéû˾ס
ûôéݣⲻ߼
ҶԼˣéݣﺣҶ㿴һһƬ硣
Ľףܿʲôط𣿡
Ľ׼ʶ㣬Ҷ˳ϣܿһЩߡ
û´Ӧһλ棬˿ٳ˿ͨڽˣѴ߳ȥ
ĽǰҲһʱ²⣬ʵһλ棬൱һС磬Ҷ㿪ٵĿռ䲻ͬ
ٳĿռʮֲȶ֣һȭܴ顣
λ治˵һ㷱ܣݱһµ档
λȻˣһڡ
Ҷ˵ͷƵҲ˽һ죬ûгɹԲſ̻˵ͼ⡣
ȵȣѵéݵˣҲǸһģ
Ҷ㻳ɣȻԼܽ϶Ҳܽ
ܣЩݶ㣬ȻˣܺᴩʮҲ޷һ졣
Ľ׺ܿҶƲ⣬Ŀ΢΢
˼һֱס
ҶԻ˾סȥˣֻһéݡ
ȥ֪ˣҲ𰸾éݵС


1279 
Ľ˵ûҲ𰸾é֮С
Сߵéǰȱܷ˪ŻƿһɳϢ
ûʲôΣգҶ˽ȥéݲǺֻܴСҶ룬ľ󿴵һ
Ҷ㣬μǰ
é֮ҶһΪéм䣬һߣһ֮ɫϻһ˿Ц⣬Ǻ׸Ҷ㣬϶û
ҶǱ紵ɢϵûлشĻԭء
éʮּªһ֮⣬ҲҲκζˣéֻڷ絲꣬𲻵κεá
˰죬Ҳ˵ҶС˹ȥʶ鿴һϾûκκ
ߵһöҶܿ챻ˡ
½һ¼󲿷ֶ򣬻Ƥֻ֮࣬еڹŴʱ򣬲Żʹ¼һЩ
ʮСĵĽҶ㾲ߣһСӸֳһڵ׭壬ԹŴ
壬ҶѾ𾪱ãϱ鲻ϵı仯
ӣ䵱ɿɽʦ˵һɣϰ徭Сϰ䡭
һƪƪֿȥ𣬺ܶϢҶԪĩʱ򣬺䵱ɣ켫һʱʱĻʵۣԵ䵱ɽѰʵ
ᶮ֮˰ʱ򣬲ʳ˼̻𣬳Ϊһδ棬Ӵ˵ҲģӴ׻ƴϣΪһֻµɡ
Ĳ䵱ԽԽ٣ƺٳֱ֣һʮʱ򣬵ʱ䵱ɳľƸ䵱ɽ֮ϡ
һ֣ǵ춨䵱ɽĵλ׷ƽ˵ʱֵ䵱֣Ϊ̩ɽ
ֻ꼻һ֣ܿʧǱܶ˼¼֮󣬴ɻϢһʼ棬
Źû֪·ʧƬأһ˵˵棬ѾõɣΪһˣԷ翴ˡ
䵱ɽĵλһǰδеĸ߶ȣڽļʢΪҵһɣܵȫء
˵̣󲿷뵽Ķǿ̻а֮ģۣľ
˵Щֻ֮һҾǵһЩ֮кܶĪ֮
жصĲ򣬶ĸ֪¾ӶԼﵽԵĿġ
̫ǣǴӵԵ˶ôĹס
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ĵڶҳҶȥ
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ĴȻľҲ˱仯ǿ֮ǰʮְ꣬һ̣ڲ˴УϧԪѾ
ҶЩϧѰʵǶôѣû˱οǵʱĵ򣬾ʱŨûƵĹ֮£ܴ̣Ƿǳˡ
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һҳҶ¿һֵʱϵıͻȻˡ
˶ĳˣⲻ֪ĳҲһ鷲ֻ⵱еõһöķв˺ܶණŴ˵̣дܶķöУĦһЩ򵥵ķаѣ׻
򵥵Ŀ̻öͼΣҶԭأΪöͼΣԼ꺣öֻ࣬мٵطЩ
Ҳ֪ö׻֮һƬ磬ɵҲܵϧ֮һֱ˷壬
ҶˣСʱ򣬼һŷҲΪö˷˲飬ıһҲı˵ˡ
һЩϢ̫ӴҶһʱ̻޷ܡ
ǣ̫ˣҶɣԭһң϶ĳԭ򣬽˳ȥöһֱڵϣá
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ֵľˣöƯҶǰشɢһɫɺۣԽԽʢһʱ䣬ͣϢ
Ҷʧɫ鷢ˣöɫȻںϣգۼĹ򣬾ͱһö˲١
·һЩϵ·Ҷѹûм
֪ҶоԼ˲٣꺣ñǰԲ磬ԽԽ
ûֱֹͣӳȥһɹϳһѷ죬Ҷ㾹Ȼ硣
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֮ҶǣһҶ֣Ȼ


1280 Ĵ
֮ҶɵǣûȥңֻҵһջסһҶ֡
ʧ⼸죬ѾرգѾȥһ֮ãҲ˵Ҷɵһʱ䣬ȥ˿֮ˡ
ʱ䣬丮֮Уøֱ˴˵֮еĵʮ㡣
һЩϹﶼʼעϾҲʮ㣬ʧܸգ֪ʮʲô
ϧʧһûд֮г紫ԣѾ
һرգҪ汻ʮꡣ
˵ʮ겻Ǻܳӵɵȱʮʱ䣬ԳɳΪһ뢣ϧʮأ治
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Ĵָƽ˻ϲǣ丮˿Ҳǰӿ
Ĵӣ𣬾Ȼ涼ɱƸ˵ˣתҲһСɱ
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ҲһȥŲţϾһܻųǳԽκš
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һͻƾʱʹãѾҶѾһЩԪӤ֮ʱ򴫸
޷򿪣ҪҶʵٴſԡ
ǰҪľ֮дӡγԼİ壬һ
Ҷ˼һʱ䣬֮дӡԼİ塣
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ʱһȥΪҶ˺֮ܶһηǳ˳ֻһˮɵ顣


1281 ǰ׼
ʱһȥգ֮䣬ҶڰԻͼѾȥ˶ʮ죬֮𽥱
׺ˮ֮Դǻƽɳĺ֮˾ѪĻ֮Լľ֮и֮Դ
ЩҶգЩ֮ҶоԼڷٵıǡ
رøӴһЩҲȻʣ֮۱ø貣üâ
ڵƾͫȱܿư˽ٵɣʱʧȥʶӰϣʤҪɱƻҪһֽš
ջ񻹲ͫдӡݱԼİ壬дӡһ֮ϣһḥ̂γɸ־
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ɱһԽԽҪɱ֮
ҶĵԽԽ࣬ɱһѾҶ
СӣܲһԿԳɱһ̫̫ࡣ
Ľ׵ȻҲ֪ͨˣɱһɱﵵĴڣǷҶϣȻ˼ߡ
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ҶһͷˮһֱΪɱһѾǽ۷ˣѵ滹иߵľ硣
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¥˵ûӾǴ֮ˣҪɱҶ㣬ǳ֮ѣΪ˴һʼͼҶһ⵽˷ɣŷ׷Ҷ֮ġ


1282 ҩ
ŰаŮҶڲ󷨣λ߶˼֮ɫղҶ㻹л̬ȣ˿ȴʮȴת䡣
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ΪɵķѾҶҪӴɽ֮ܰ忪һ磬̫ܵˣñȵʱ½ʱľ磬ڽһ
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ģɳöӡֱ뵽ҩ֮УǺڲĵҩԼٶСղŻȭͷСգۼĹ򣬾ͱ˼С
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ղǻҶ㣬ֱԳ裬ǰеַҶĻ֮ǰŮϣڳˣûһ˿
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ɵ£ɽһÿһöɵҪ׽ϴֻӡɽ編ɵܳɹ


1283 öɵ
ɵڷٵתƺҲܵƵľۼԽԽ࣬ÿһʮִ׳
磬ˣ׼ɽ٣
ͻȻֹͣƣɵѾûκʣҪ׼һ򣬾׽١
ܶɵ׽ٵʱֱӱ׽ٺϡ飬Ϊһѷĩһϡ
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ǣ
׵ɵһ̣ڲǵҶĶˣѵ
Ǻܿ죬Ҷַ飬ԭɵ׵Ϯ֮󣬱øʵղŴѣᴿڲһЩȥ
ᴿַѾǳ֮ˣȻ޷ڲһЩȥ׽پõᴿ֮
׵һ£¯֮еĵҩҲСֻСָǴСȴſֲͬһݷڵ¯֮С
ͷţø׵֮еҩһյʱ䣬ƲŻʧ
ʧһ̣һˣһͷӰӵ¯֮з˳ȥɵΣߡ
ɾɵѾӵһ˿־Ҷ÷ƣ֪ɵմȾһЩ˵־
һ죬ɵҪ˵أǺܿ죬һ֮ˣһֱֻ֣ӽɳ¯Ľɫҩץסˡ
ҺҶǰ׼󣬾Ƿɹһ̣ɵ롣
ɫҩһ䣬ҶģֱӴƣסɵϢǽɫĹâŻʧ
ĵĽɫҩҶ¶˷֮ɫɵζʲôζҶĵɡ
ĸˣѣǶҪʵ½Դޣǧ궼޷һ硣
ɵǸĸǿͻƾ磬ͻƵŽٵɡ
Ҷ˼ȣһöҩҶ׵ҩҪԣ㹻ĵҩԿһ֧ǿӣͳ硣
ϧҶûôҰģֻ뱣ԼļˣһѰѰҴ˵֮е֮
ľǵ˶һʮּգĿɵƹ̡
Ȼû룬̳գֻĿַϲô߸ϣŰͽı顣
ɵҶһֱɳȥò˼꣬ԽǸ⡣
ҪǵģѾ̫̫ˣϴͻʲôʱ
ղſҶɵ˶оһЩɶ־Υĸоֻˡ
˶¶Ѻ֮ɫνΪʦȻҶ㾳ǣҶĶһǴۣ֮ǺܶǴδİ塣
ӣܸǿɵ𣿡
ľǴ˴֣ȻЩ˼ϾղһֱҶ㡣
Ȼԣ
Ҷ㽫Ŀ⾡۵ף¶һ˿Ц⣬Ѿ˶Լ֮ģ֮пˣԺǻᷴԼָС
¥ӹҩ˴һСһϸϣܿһЩ
õõҪϴɵ౶
ľ̾޷ڵסϵЦ⡣
ǼƷɵǿ·ÿһޱûһ˿֮ɫϳ˵ɵ
ҲˣһЦףСɵơ
һȺϲģ棬ܲе֡
߰һۣɵ϶ˣСһ
ҲҲǲҪ֣ĶѵǾûоöɵѪǧľ磬ڿʼ
ľ߲ͬߵ˵Ķ󣬶¶
ľ˵Ĳöɵϵ·ǰǳ֮ϸϸҲһ죬Ҳлᴥ
߸ͣΪľ˵ûȷʵŵ̫ˡ
߻¥û˵ΪҲˣƾһöɵǸܵ˾仯
Ҷһ֮̽ǰ
ҪͻչؾͿԵģҪϵȥҲĳһϢĳһ仰ܵ㻯ˡ
ңԶߣͣһճ鳾ΪһӴʧƬ硣
Žٵɣһӵд֮ˣȻߵһȻϣֻгΪˣŻ봫˵֮еɽ磬Ѱ֮
оʱʱ䣬˲ŽҩҶ㡣
ʱϢҶаŮȫָ
ɵʮҶӵоŸղһģǸоһա
رǰУķǳأɫвҰס
Уһöָĵҩ̷ȥָ
¥˹һöҩֻܿһ̬ȫƵҩ
л¥ǰ
ѧҶӣʮֿӹҩ̷ֱȥ϶ʱúȫָ
Ҷ˵ͷʾлϻָĵҩĺ١
һôʱָָ㣬ô֮ġ
¥ҶһۣܿҶ˴֮Ǵܸ٣ƹش
ȿȣԺлᣬһ¥ǰֽ̡
Ҷɿȼܿת˻⣬׼¯
һ¯ҩͺķ˴ʱ䣬֪ҶѾȹ֮ˣѾǵ¯ҩ
˵һ¯ʧ֮󣬺¯ȫɹɵһαһξ渲ǵɺ۸ǴΪΡ
ľ߼Ѵ𾪱ľǾŽٵɣʮܳɹһξͷǳˣҶӵһʧ֮󣬲ûмʧܣһδ˵¯ѽյ¯࣬ͬǧһ
׽£öҩڳɹ
ҩγɵһ̣ХѾԽͨɵ˵ﵽ˼Ʒλ߶дδ
ҶҲſˣڰ̷¥͸öҩ껹ǸоһݽߣһͨɵоȻͻƵ߽ٵɡ
ƸƵҩкܴĹϵв˺ܶණŮһ𣬻ص˰˱ʼչء
ʱ䣬λߴ粽룬һֱڶ֮УĿ̡
λ߷˷츲صı仯ҶֱĲٿ·Ǽ˳һ㡣
һߣŵ̬֪öҩʲô
򣬼Żһöɵ֮ڣ֤öɵ
Ҵöɵ֮Уǲ˺ܶණƺܿ˶ѡչأϣܲˣֻٽһ
лλǰһֱػҩѾƳɹҪˣԺлᣬһŸл


1284 ߽ٵ
֮ǰҶʮֿĳ˵ҲԶ
ľ߼ˣӿʼҶϱڱ̵ֽĿǣҶ̬ܿȷ˾ת䡣
ҲãϣСԺཻɣʱӭѡ
ľһЦЦ˵
һлỹøλǰ̵ֽ
Ҷ㱧һȭ˶ǾŽٵɣԺ໥ͨܶණҶ㶼Ҫ̡
ʱĸһɨӭ
ҲǹЦʮˬʡ
¥ߣ鷳Сѡ
߻ǱȽ֣֮Уֻ¥ҶϤԸҶùϵ¥
¥Ҳ⣬ҶС統˳·ϺܳĬ¥Ҳ˼ǧ֪Ӻ˵
¥ǰлû㣬϶ûĽ죬һݣ
Ҷ㷢ģ򣬰Ļ¥ûҶ㲻֪Ҫ߶·һɵ
µ㻹ϸʵ𣿡
Ҷһݣ¥ȻܣûоܾҶ㣬żȻ˵ΪҶʶԻͼŵ¥Ҷӡ̡
¥һϣ֮ɫҶ¶Ϊ֮ɫ¥Լô࣬ݣȷʵһƭҶڲ˱©ݣǲ¥ǻûеعһ
ʵΪѾˣ͵ûʡ
ҶΪѵı飬¥££޽ǵ鷢ȻһЦ
һ££ʱҵǰȻ֪ǰ¡
ҶһļƻѾƵĲˣֻҪƻɹԼȻͿԱ©ҲԱ֮κˡ
ã֪µˣҾ͵ҡ
¥һۣҶͳɣ֮һֱȵҶ㱳ӰʧŻصԼס
뿪ɣǣҶ㲢δص丮ǳһطȥҶͻ߽ٵɣڻص丮
ɣǣкܶطʺǳһЩȡԴҲʮֲֿ
ػظһһң丮һЩŶǰãΪһҪ丮õĶöࡣ
ظҶ˵⣬׼һңʱΪһ¡
۵ļ۸Ҷ㻹Ǳһһ£ҪһԪԪ컯ʮڡ
ֲ˶ܳܵ𣬵Ҷ㲻ͬǬѾÿ컯Ҷȡһʱǧö컯
ҶɣĶҶ㻹ˣ˼ҰԼͺܶˣ˼̫ࡣ
һң۸񰺹󣬻ǹӦҶȺһʱڳһλá
̤ң֪ҪȼᵱʱṩҸ߼ٱֱһϣһ¡
ﲻʱ䷨һ죬һ£ҪȰԻͼҪ߼ѹּ۸˰
Ҷһµʱ䣬൱ҶȹңҶƽ˺ܶ࣬ЩԴֵ
߼ǣԼƣҶѹʮӦ֮ӣάʱ̱ڸ߶Ƚ֮УӶĥԼ
ܹǧƽСң࣬ʵҲΪң壬ֻһͳƶѡ
ҶĿ磬п̻㹻ɡ
ֱϥ£óһöɵǳɷõһö
ΪѾ̷ɵ˿һöɵһܰҶͻƾ磬óõһö
ϴΪգһҶûκԥһڽɵ̷ȥ
ʱ䣬񱩵ըҩԾȻҪҶӲ׺һеõɵҪ
ЩɺۣӡһҶֱ֮ӸϣҶʱ䣬ƸҶԼҲкܴĹϵ
ʱ仹磬Ҷ㲢żͻƾ磬һͻƣһ߸򾳽磬ɺۣʱ䣬ҶҪ̫̫ࡣ
֮£̷ɵҶǺȣҪɵ֮Լͻƾ磬ҶҪ¼ʵĸȻԺǳ
ȥҾȻݱԼĳ죬ҶѾȹһʱ䣬Ǿɣûɶļ
еɺ۶УȻûͻƾ磬Ҷ˿һ
ùȻֳˣһöɵȻܰ硣
ҶЦѣһʱ䣬Լ򣬴θδͻƾ磬Լ̷һεҩкܴĹϵ
ɳˣöɵһ磬ϧҶ۵̫ˣԽκˣ̺֮
֮£Ҷóڶöɵûԥ̷ֱȥ
ɿ񱩣ϧҶ㿴ЩԳƾ磬ҪŬ
ɵҶһδεĳ磬ڳٴ֮ڸоһ˿
ƿʼۣ̾Ҷͷ֮ϣδ磬лۣԲϳ
ǷҶϵ飬ʲôʱ
һ˿˿绡˸ҶϰΪֱӼ˱ػҶĶˡ
￪ʼŨҵϢأ֮תҵĺҶоڲǱһɽʱܱ
ɵǻɽӣڲǱȫھʮֿɲ
һ֮ͬУسײ
ÿһγײǽڶ棬ɽѡ
ЩҶϽɣʮּ̣ǾŽٵȫһ޷
ԽԽܼһЩ׵翪ʼ֣׷£а˱
Ҷǳǿ˽ٵɣЩͨ׽٣ѹͷϣ׽٣
ڶöɵҶоһ㣬߽ٵɡ
ˮѹһĳ̶ȣҪйҪŷҪբˮȻˮͻ᷺ģ̰˺ѣջ
ʱբöطԳû޽̰ӣٴμӸ߼ӹ̣Դĺˮ
һˮλѾ˾ߣҪʱբҶĵͻᱻˮű
Щˮ뵽طıͻƾ磬ӹ̵ҶѾü޵ĵز
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һŭҲϵĻ죬ԽԽɶ͵ĸоҲڿһﱩǣʮܣҶҪܾűѹ
ƣ
Ҷȴ򿪵ˮ֮ˮӷ㡣
޾Ԫ뵽֮УҶԭ׳ĽڱϢϴӣЩԪʼ޾ķģҶ
˵һڶ
ȫ򿪵ʱҶָϸǿгŵСֱô֣˿ޱ
Ǵʱ
Ԫй˲䣬Ҷͻƾ磬ͻƾ磬ӹ̵ٴСҲʼתҶһ
˲䣬ܿҶͻƵһ̣׽£ɢ棬ͬԽ١


1285 
ޱȿɲ׵ͬ籩ֱ꣬Ҷϣ˱׵磬Ǹܳܡ
Ҷһǧεԭأɷ紵Щ׵޷Ҷ
ϴξ˽׽֮ޱȿֲһνﵽ˰˽ٵ۷壬ͲһţͻƵŽٵɡ
䣡
׵꣬£γһ޴Ҷԭأܳܣпܱɷĩ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶͻȻ˫ۣһâ˸Щ׵ƺܵΣΪҶɢӿɲϢ֮

Ҷһһ֣֮е׵羹Ȼ޷Լֱ졣
Ȼһ֣Щ׵ƺܵ˴̼øңͬڰŽҶϣϧεס׵磬޷
ֶΣţֱԽ졣
Թκ˶ɽ٣ҪСһ˿һķģøַ׵硣
Ҷ㵹ãֱԼİ壬׵޷Լʼ׵硣
׵緢ŭ֮У޷Ҷִӡע뵽׵֮Уǿгȡ׵֮
Ľһԣѿĵսľ֮Уһ˿־壬û˱׵ʲô
磬ͳݲ֪ˣ챻ҶƵˡ
޴ˣ֮УسײҪ忪ϧǧ֮һĴ
ʱһȥƳٳٲʧҪһδλҶ㣬ÿһζҶ㻯⣬֮еϢԽԽѾҶĲˡ

ҶĽ˳׼뵽֮ìУܲԼİ塣
ʱˮ϶ҶѾʱˣ糹ȹ׽߽ٵɡ
дӡ֮ì˶壬ΨһϧǣɱһٳٲܽҪԺ󲻶ϵĲ
һҶһСңֲֿѰĽ𾪵޷˵ֻҡͷ

ӵ֮Ҳҵһ˿Ҷ֮
޴Ҷ£Ȼһףһڣ׵һɢŨڵһ棬ǳ޾
Ҷʶ͸͸ϣܿһЩߣΪ·øҪǰһЩ仯
ʶһ̣ҶоһŨŨ֮Լʴڿٵš
ûκγɣҶֱ˸ϵŸоԼָ
аȻܿ˵
Ҷ㰵ľܽΪԼãǿԿ
ǲܣҲϣʶ޷͸ȥ˵ˡ
üȣ̫ǿŪû⵽ɡ
Ҷ㽫ûмоĿǰľ磬ǲԿֻڵȵȡ
ʣСʱ䣬ÿԿ̻
Ҷɱڶţȡ˴ƳܶĿǰľ磬̻߽ⲻ󣬶൱ڰ˽ٵҡ
һööҶǰһ̻ܿʮöСʱ䣬Ҷ̻ǧöҪǷһըԻһС
죬Ҷ̻ö˽ȾŽٵɣҲľҶвϣ֮⣬ʣ޼ˡ
óȥˣѩ޵ʱڵˣ
Ҷ¶ŨŨɱ⣬˰࣬ڿԱѩޡ
Ϊ丮ҲԶ솴ǣȥǡ
丮Щ޹ҲɥǧԼҪ
̤ңҶһһµʱ䣬ʷ˷츲صı仯

ǻʦ֣Ĵˣ丮ʥ֮УһĪˡ
һ¥֮ϣһȺŮΧһӣĳ̸Ц
ǵȻ丮ǻʦ֣ʣԪʦˣѾ丮˫
һӣƨЦﴫȥ
һȺ֮ܣҲƾ˫Ҽǵ丮ֻһŰɡ
ͻȻһһȷ̵һŮӡ
˭˵Ǿ֮ܣ
Χˣǻ֮⣬м˲丮ĵӣмŮûһʮģǻ˫۶Сǡ
վ˵һ꣬丮ĵӣǸǻĹϵȴͬһ㣬Ϊǻˡ
һǻǸ弸˻棬Լ¥֮ϡ
ԭ弸˴ǻһȴ̵˵Ǿ֮ܣôܲ
ѵ˵丮νţȻʴʣԭҪʶһ˭֪һȺ
ŮӵȻߣŮ棬ݡ
ǴԶŮֻһֱͷȲ裬û˶ע⡣
ʦαȺ˼ƽϣ紫棬Ǹ򡣡
һŮ˵Դϧ
Щϧһǽ˴򣬵֪ϢϧԾ򣬾ҪһݣϧԹžţزۡ
Ů˵ˣһһ䣬ȫǻ˸ˡ
˵̸ͰӵðɱǻҲ⣬Ȼ
˭֪˭ĵ̣ϽţȻݹ顣
ǹվһֱǻֱ꣬㶵ĶŮ
˭ĵҲ֪֪ﲻǵĵ̣ǰô˵ô˵Է
Ů˿ûоɫ
ǣ丮ĵ̣λ丮ţǻ𣬿Ů֮ķϣڸϽǵǸǿԼ̡
ǹܿŮǾ֮ˣȻ¶ɫԵ
ţ
ŮͻȻЦ
ѵҪţҿ˵ǳ֣޶ԣͲŵӣҳΪš
ŮĺĺʱǻԪ֣˭֪ǼɵҶ㣬ֱͷڹꡣ
λĳţҳ֮ΪţԹȥԶţ֪λ鷳Ϊ
ǻվɫܲÿһ˰̣˽ҿܲ
Ȼ֪Լžͺˣϧǽǰϣдһ£ǰˡ
Ů۶ûǻһֱۣӵͷȲȥˡ
ǻںõıԣһδεӣĵҲðһ˿ŭ棬οǻıƺǺܺãֻû˵ĵϸѣ
λҪҪǸֻŵõѣҲԳţֱЦҺûдǻһšԴߡ
һħһʱǻ𣬴˿̣ǻڱˣ˵֡
ǻʦ֣ƺûɣΪҪšҵԴߡ
ǻһĹһӰ֪ĳˣվڲ¥λá


1286 Թ
ǻվɱ⣬ָŮ˵ҪšԴĻ
ǹŵҪƸͣȴһˣһӰ֪ĳ֣·ƾðһ㡣
򣡡
ǻǼһŵһЩţ֮Уǿ־֮ɫ
ڳ֮ˣǻҶ֮⣬ѹûǹŵˣ丮ĵӣŮǵһֻ֮δˡ
ǻ𺰳֣˶վŮ֮⣬ǴеĿģǴʶһ˭뵽ķʽˡ
ǻʦ֣Ϊμһ㣿
ҶųŪƺڼЦ
㲻ô
ǻһϱȫָȻһ˿Ұ֮ɫ
ˣ
Ҷһ£ԼҲϢԼ
ǻʦϣİɣղҿ׶ҳǰͻšҵԴҳˣǻʦֻŸʲô
ҶЦһŲһ̤һµɢ¥ǵ
Ů໥һۣӱ˴˵֮Уһ˿֮ɫϢѹǵļ
򣬸ղһʱϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
ǻʱҶϢȻɥʧ˷
ǻʦ֣ΪҪôˣһˣһϣɱˣÿԹϷֱ
ǹЩͷˣ紫ԣ򣬻ûʱڳ֣ÿԳᡣ
֣ǻȻһ˿̰֮ɫ֮ǻչأͻƵ˽ٵɣǹŵˣҲһս֮
ϵıʱܿһĨ֮ɫ
򣬼ȻˣڣɱͬڵӣҾеնɱħͷ
ǻ⻻ٶ̫ˣҲǱɱ˫ۡ
һˢˢĽҶΧɢԱ˵һɶŮԭأûκα飬·޹һ
һ֮ѣΪνĴӣ̰֮ˡ
ҶŵаЦĿľǲ丮ȻǻҪɱԼҶֺαؿ
ղҶڽϣﵽ߽ٵɣԲǧףһֻҶ㶼һԼ
߹ʱǻҪšԼԴ
򣬲ҪΪɱƣͿΪΪǣڳģҫ嶥ţ޻ء
ǹһȣһ֣ɱҶ㣬Ϳ
Ҳ⣬׷׼һٻɱ
ʦ㣬ô죬ˣǲܸдˡ
ҲŮмŮʵĿģҪдһ
С㶼Ըˣ͵ǰһˡ
мŮûѹֱͣӴҶ͸һɸ߰
ʱҶע⵽ˣֻǸˣϾδı棬ǵĿƺҲǳԼġ
˵Ĺǹŵ˵Ĺˣ¥˲һƣεķסˣս¥һա
ƾǼҲɱңǲǼʶһ£ʲôİ塣
ҶһӣһöǿӡˣǹͻȻоһȻܶ
һĶɣ
һ󣬰˽ٵɵǹžȻҶֱ飬Ϊһ̯Ѫˮһз̫죬ļ˼άϡ
˵սδʼѾ
ǹֵֻ׼ͱҶһͻȻһĻ˵ǻˣڲԶŮһ
ǿİ壡
ŮͬʱһͺЩţѾжǿ˭֪ǿֵز
˻ԭأҶٴһһƣһŮ¡
󵨣Ȼɱҫˡ
˷׷׷ӦһҶ£ֹɱˡ
Ҵ󵨣
ҶһХһиӴ󵨵飬ҪЩνţԶĹ˳Ц
Ҷͬһ㣬ò¥죬ѾЩܲסˡ
¥Ǿ⽨죬ǰ˽ٵɳ֣޷Ҷһ֣¥ͿʼҡҡλΡ

Ҷһӣһ޴ˣֱӽ˸С
ҹȥ
ֱٴһɨǻ֮⣬ֱӱ˴֮ϡ
߷ĴѾ˵ע⣬׷׸ϹͻȻ˴Ӳ¥ֱӹڵء
ӽ͹ҹڣֱΪֹ
Ҷһ㣬ǵˣڣֱ
ŮŵĹڽֵϣΧһ޴޷ȥŲĿܶûС
̶һУҶɱǹţѹˣֻʣǻһˣսǻǶʼ
ǻ𣬸ˣ
Ҷ㽫Щɾ֮󣬳ǻ˹
֪ҫ³ǼоŽаҵ棬Ѱ·
ǻЩˣϣҶмɵ
ǻƲ㣬㲻һˣ㣬ѳҴսһ
ҶűĵЦһǻѹ
ߣ㲻ɣ
ǻͻƾ磬ʵһ丮ص죬̶ʱ䣬˶з츲صı仯
ҲҪңΪҵ˶ˣҲ⣡
ղǻҪšԼԴҶ̡
䣡
ڲ¥֮϶Ժһƣʱ䣬ܿ¥ڳܲסȻΪһѷ档
Ҷǻ壬֮ϣΧˣ׷׾ۼࡣ
ǿ쿴ǲ丮Ĵ֮һǻô˴ˡ
ϳǻݣϾɣǣ丮Ĵǳ֮˲ʶ
ϽǼҫԼ̡
䵽֮ϣǻ𿴵弸ŵӶڵϣҶһȣֱҫ塣
ǣ
ڸҿЦ𣿾ҽǣҫͻưոݣҿǻû˯Ѱɡ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ܴһЦ
ԹǿΪ棬ҶҫŹڽϣѾԹǣԹͻữ⣬Ȼǲܵġ
ԭ紫ԣ򣬾ȻˣһĴ֮һǻ֣ǻ׶༪ˡ
Ҷݺܿ챻֪꣬丮һӣѴ򣬼˽֪
ǰ˽ڹϽʱնɱĴ֮ƣʮ֮󣬾ʹʧֱرյһ̣Ҳδ֣ΪͻȻˡ
Ҷ飬ͱ˵һֻʵݣû֪


1287 ɱǻ
һδεıҶ㼥Цǻɢֲɱ
֮ӣڼ壬Ƕţ£Сܵõ
丮ԼţĴӣ˼ʮʱ䣬һֱά֣й˵ı졣
ǴҶ̶Сʱ䣬ĴʣҲմͷڹ
ЩЦǻܲסԼ
ҫˣҫıȻǻ𡣡
ϳ˽Ȼҫҫ
ЩԼƵҫҪǿ٣о˺öʹãƣɽ編Ѿ¥
ýˣ
ҫҶ֮̾ϣ˸ǹ֮ɫһܵǹϴ񣬴֮Уҹգҫ֮⡣
ҫ֮ܽҫǻ𣬿ǰδ̳ˡ
²Ϣͬһߣӣɢ֮
ǹⱾҫ֮У½䣬ɢݵϢһ
򣬽ʶһҫ
ǻֱһ˶佣ΧЩռ伫䲻ȶʱܱи֧顣
ְɣôķϻ
Ҷø£ΪҶ㻹кܶҪ
ҫ˪
ҫ֮ϣɢһӣһɫٲǹ⣬׵˪ɷǺÿ
ɫʴǵĲƥҶҫ֮˼ǧ꣬ҫ֮Удǹ⣬ڵȻ֮ԸҶ㡣
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ҫһѺýƷɱ¾֮֮ϣƾҫ֮⣬
Ŵ̹ǵĺ⣬ĽֵˣЩֵķ׷׳Զߣֻ˹ĹڽֵϣЩ޷̴
˱ѹ
ҶֱӼ˱Ȼ֮䣬ɢޱȿɲѹ֮մ¡һϵʯһѿֱӻΪ촷ۡ
ҫ˲⵽߽⣬˱һϾʥƵʥҲǿǧ
дӡ
ҶƲˣֱӼдӡһƳǻ£ֻ֮ϣ˸һ١
ȼ棬ʼȼտռ䡣
ӡֱγһḥ̂ǻѹ£ѳ˰˽ٵɡ
㡭㾹ȻͻƵ߽ٵɡ
ǻһȣҶѾٵɣŹȥ̶ʱ䣬ͻƵ߽ٵɣ뵱꣬ٵͻƵ߽ٵɣʮʱ䡣
ҶֻһµʱˣôܣȻɵҲҪ²
رյڣŹȥʱ䣬ҶѾⳬǻ˼ά
ܾѵֻ׼ͻƵ˽ٵɣͻƾ硣
Ҷûᣬӡѹǻǵ
Ҳģ
ҫ˱ѹԼ⵽дӡѹʧȥˡ
ԶŮվԭأԽսǴӿʼţ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫĴԲûκˮ֣˺ܶණ
ǻ𣬽ȡɣ
ӡ£ǵܽһѿܲס޴ĥ̡
㲻ú
ǻıȫŤˣƾдӡ־ܣҶ㻹δʩչһȫʩչԿɱǻ
룬ɣ
ҶӡͻȻγһڵĶڣֱӽǻˣֻ֡
ҫ岻Źġ
ԽԽܿʧ丮Ĵ֮һǻҲʧҶֱĨɱ
񣬹ԵУǻһ˿ĻᣬǸۡ
Ҷնɱǻ˵ۣҶɱֶ𾪡
û丮ĵӣ֪ǸǻѾűɱ丮϶ưոݡ
ҲΪҶôǵ丮նɱĴӣ丮š
ǿδأ죬Ĵһ𣬶Ȳһ丮ǣ϶ѡ񱣴ΪĴȣֱһΣ޽翪ڼ丮Ҫȡһ򡣡
Ҳ˸ͬΪ丮Ҷ㣬ⲻ֪Ҷ丮Ŀġ
ûʱǧ꣬޽ҪˣǿǸɽ罻ӵĵطܿɽ磬ϧֻһǧʱĴŶ
޽缸֣һȻǽɽӽĵ·һɽѡУܳΪˣᱻɽߡ
նɱǻҶޱ飬ۣܵţֱӳȥ뿪ɣǡ
ҫˣȻԭأû˸ҿΪǲ̫ǿһŽٵ߹ȥͼƿ㻹⵽˷ɡ
İ壬Ȼûһ˿
ʵɲ߳ˣδڴ֮ϣû֮Уղŵսһ
׷׽ʶڴ֮ϣϣܿһЩߣȴֲһȫһʵ뵽֮Уܻأƿ
˲ðƾݰ壬ܲ˾ָ
һߵ˵Ǽǿĺ֮ġ
һ࣬ҲĵӰղŵһĻһ
ľߣôȻǴʥʽΪαⷬģ
ʥǴķ֧ղҶʩչʱλ߶һ
пǴϵõ˹Ͻ޸˴
ľ߲ı㣬ܿͨ˺ܶ
ûǱɱʱڹϽпǽ˹Ͻ޸޸˴
Ҳͷֻֿͬܲ˵ͨ
ǴӸˣùϽϴ跥ëҲû磬޸һͨѵ֪ǧ֮һһŴͨ𣿡
ǧ֪˼٣֪Ҳ˵֪ǧʲô
ҶֱѡùϽ޸ʥü˲ò˼˻ɣһǿվҶ󣬲ϵָ㣬˷ٵ硣
ҲҪϹˣزۣò˼꣬׷ƽЩϹŶû´һɱﵣκһˣҪԾԵնɱܣϣܰһ޽
̾ϢһϱһŽ档
¥ߣ㵱ʱ̸ἰ𣿵ȵͻƵŽٵɣһ顣
ľ߳¥ʵ
ֻһ˵δἰǷģǱ֮ˣȻӦˣ϶ɣϴε֮ʯһӡ
¥Ҷ㣬Ȼʱû˵ʲôֻ֪Ҫ˵Ҷһȥ
ϣ˰ɣȻϹͷ֧Ų˼ˡ
˶̾Ϣһ
뿪ɣǣҶ㳯丮ȥƻڱУǰǵɽ𺣣ҶҲҪȥ
λɣһֱңҪʲôҲΪ˱뻮µ
ҶͻȻתŮһֱ


1288 и
Ҷ֪˸ֻһֱûеƣмʱܵ丮ŮӵҲס
ŮվҶʮ֮⣬ϻɴݣһԴ۾·˵ʮ鶯ɫǶҶе⡣
򣿡
мŮ˵ˣѯʣҲȷϡ
£֪λкָ̣
ҶûԷȻԼһ·֪ˡ
αչأ򣬵֪˴ôɱͬţʮֺ棬ǰǲǴ˵֮ôǿ󡣡
мŮӽԼ˵һ飬Ȼ
ҪüλʧˣҲһ鷲ˣֻΪ˿ңѾˣǿԻȥˡ
Ҷ̯̯֣һĵȻ֮ɫԼû뵽Ѿ
ԼΪҶҲȻˣɱôˣ϶ϹŶһЩҪɱԼ֤
ֻҪɱԼȡλãΪһš
ŮӿҶβӣ໥һۡ
ǴĿģϵıûȤֻдһϣܳȫ
ֱǴеĿģսҶ㣬ǲôǿ
дˣֻɱˣҿǲ޶⣬ǸϽ߰ɡ
Ҷ˰֣ûȤд裬Ҷÿһ壬ޱǿԼƲסһͻɱˡ
ʦ㣬̫Сǽˣʦѵѵ֪죬ˣΪɱǻַΪ޵ˡ
ŮЩˣȻûᱦ֮ȴǿʤ֮ġ
Сģ
˾ȻûֹղҶɱǻʱ򣬶һóȻ֣ʵǻ֮ϣܶࡣ
򲻹Ĵ֮ĩŸָǴ˷ǰֻϣͽ̡
Ů˳Ҳʮֿûǿĵ⣬ֻд衣
ҲŮӴ򣬳֮սǻ߰ɣ
Ҷϣʮǿ󣬾Գǻ𣬵ҪԸԼǲǸ벻ɱǻҶֻǶһ
ɲ㣡
Ů˵ֱӳ֣һöɫƮһ裬ͳҶ˿񱩵ơ
ƾһ˿ƣҶС֮ģ˾򵥣һ֣»Ҫһֽţ¹˭ֶδ֪
ԷĹѾˣҶûܵĿܣӦսһʧԭأԷĲʴ˿֮ϣ
Ҷһ࣬ʩչ˼£ͬһ磬޴׽
㵽ǲˣ˾͸Ҵһ
ŮӶ˶ţȻ˵Ҷǲˡ
ǲѵҪһԣҵǲ⡣
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻЦŮɫࡣ
޳ܣ
ŮҶ㻰еϷĳɷ֣ⲻҪˡ
˵ҲŮ˴򣬳С
Ҷ˵ĺԷȻûж⣬ҶҲûɱǵɣһٵĶܡ
ͲǲŮˣ͵һ֡
ҶûУŮҶ½Ƕû
ⲻҾͰǵһͷΣ
Ҷ̼ŮЩˣüһ˿ɱ֣Ҷÿ仰ʮֶ񶾣Ǻ飬һ
ԽŮĹͻ죬Ҷ岻ϵĴŲּʮˣҶѹûл֡
С죬㲻Ķ֣°ɣ
мŮ˽ʮУͻȻ˵Ů˻
ʦ㣬˲ʶôһҪÿ
Ůǲϰݣָ
ʦ㣬ҰСһ𣬰úõһ٣
ҲŮҲˣΪһǣֱӼս֮У֮ԸҶһˡ
ҶҲǰľŮ俴Լ£ȴӵа˽ٵɵʵһǰ㡣
˼лҶжٶȶʱ裬ղһصĴ
ֵŮֳһʮϬޱȣ֪Ҫǻ϶ٱ
֮£ҶҪ֣Ȼᱻ˴һֲ
ҵģѾ˵Ů˽֣ȻԼݹ顣
ҶɢһŭϣһǿϢֱӽŮɳȥϢʮֿɲһа

ҶһУһ޴ˣֱ˵֮ϣǷԲʮ׵ľȫסˡ
޴һɫĹ֣С
ƣ
ֳֳŮһɨҪһƿɫ
ͣ
ɨɫֻǳһƣ޶ԣ˴ǾŽٵɣȻκ˶޷ƿ
Ͻ޸ûһ˿Ϲ񣬵괴ǧܲ߾磬ûһ˿
֮ˣٶһЩƿĴʥҶɵƿ
õ޸֮ҶֱӲ򣬵ѾϹ񣬱˵ǾŽٵɣҪƿǳ֮ѡ
򣬿ǳȥбʹĴսһ
СʮŭеĲʴ·裬Ʋɫʮֱ
ǣ
ղŲǱҳֵҳˣֱҷǣʲô߼
ҶһЦ⣬һɫͿסˣһŮ˹ȥ
ҲҪ𣿡ҶЦеʵ
ˣѾҪˣһս϶ܾˣֻû뵽ôϹʱڵĴԹɽҲв⾳ģûС
Ůʮƽ·˵һҳһʶҶĴ

Ҷûκν֮ɫЩ衣
Էһϳ򵥣ǧҲ֪֮ࡣ
ҲҪ԰ǧ˺ֻ֮࣬һְˣܲܽ׷ӳȡľ磬粻ᱻԷƣϣ˵ʲô˼
Ůָһϳһһݣֱʼиɫ
и
ȻҲǺǧ֮һиĽ׾Ҷ꺣֮
˲䣬ɫֱƿҶ㶼¶֮ɫԼĴȻƽ⵽ˣЩš
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫǧԼǰŮͲһڴĴиһǴĿǡ
㾹ȻôиЩ׾ˡ
Ҷ񣬸ղ𾪵ıܿʧϾǧˣ̫̫٣ҲһԵ֡
֪Ǵи
ŮƺЩ⣬û뵽Լĵһ۾ͱҶ㿴
֪һЩƤë
ҶЩĽף
ҽ橣ޱ¥ղλʦöеӼ¡
ŮҽһλʦҲ˻һ֮ɫ橳֣Ǹ޷ƿݺݵĵҶһۡ


1289 ٵ
ŮȻޱ¥Ҷ㵹û뵽½칬Լһޱ¥һˣҶһֱûʱ䣬û뵽ޱ¥ˡ
߹
Ҷ㱧һȭڣ˫ϾûʲôĳԹֻǶԷҪԼдһ
ӵþ£ϧھµױ˿ʵڲףΪҪԼαװ
˫ƺжһеȻҶʹ֮
˵ԼݣҶȻһ䣬һ˿ɱ֮ɢʮ
д裬ĿѾﵽȥɣҪǻ飬һµ
ҶɫʱˣǸղһȻ֮ɫǱʮ䡣
Ӷˣǲ޶㲻֮ģֻǺѣʱ䲻ˣǽ˾ʹ˸ǣϣлӿȥ򣬴һ̽һ£ǧѾԣǲ໥
Ҷ¶⣬˸ǣ²ûҶ㲻ԸⱩ©Լݡ
һ
Ҷֱӱȭ˿Ȼܿݣ丮϶Ҳ˿ԼݣҪӿƻˣٵȡ
ãǣ
˵꣬뿪ˣһ໥Ҷ㵱ȻԸ⽫иóҶ򣬶ҶҪóԷ໥
ֺѷ꣬ϧǰҶʱޣҪǰɣޱ¥綼Ҫȥ
ȥıӰҶת뿪
СӣиһҪգʵڲУˣֱӽиĴǡ
Ľ˳ƻҶ㣬ʵڲУɫҲУȡѴиƭ֡
Ѿұ죬Ϊ˶һа񣡡
Ҷ㽫Ľ׶棬ᣬںܷ꣬ڸߵվŽٵһ۾ܿ
ҶҪӿƻһ丮ϲ㷢֣Ʋᶼɲȥˡ
ߣȥħ磡
ҶͻȻı˷򣬳ȥ֮ǰӣڵ£ҶѾаûȥˣ֪ڵΡ
ʧȥƬµħ֧Ų˶ˣʱҶһ£һ꣬꣬ʧȥЩħ˾ͻ
˿̣ħһƬң丮Ѿϸ׼κεӽ
丮Ŵθ˾ͽ彻棬ԷٳٲϽƬҳͻϣݱ˺üСģе
ЩϢҶ͵֪ϧ丮δܸ˾ͽ峹׷˾ͽվ˵˾ͽ岢δƬһݺҹϵŵԻ͡
Ѿָǰ״̬ܶѾֹ
ڴӲݴ˾ʱ䣬̫顣
ҶǿӲݣһΣֱ˽ȥΪǰ죬ûħ˳û
һ㣬ǰһȻħ˳ûҶ㻯Ϊһ磬Щͼħ˸ֲˣҶѾڵĲ㡣
ƺˣЩħ˿񣬸ʧȥƬкܴĹϵ
Ҷжǵʳ򵥵涼һ⣬οǼֳȥ
ȵ㣬ܿܿʣҶĿģҽħ̸һ⡣
ȵҶڵ߲ʱڱͷסȥ·ʵǳǿ߽ٵɸ˽ٵҵʵ
੣þûˣв֪ġ
Ҷ㣬ͷʺˣ࣬ҲƬħһ첻һ죬Ѿкܶͼħ˲ϵȥ
ͷʲɷ˵ֱӳҶ֣ʱ䣬ǲϵĹ丮ʼɱһЩӡ
丮ӹ󷨣ħ˺ѹһЩ޹ʹĹΣ丮ĸ
λʴˣ̸ģغħһ彫棬ڲס֣ǽħһͻλʵ
Ҷ㲻ܣûóȻ֣ʵʵ̫ǿҶûбʤİա
Цħһ壬棬õһССܾġ
һͷʴЦҪ˺Ҷ㣬Ѫ⡣
ûѪΪǵʳ
һͷʣੵЦ޴ƳҶݺݵ
䣡
Ҷ߳һ޴ӣ㱻У˲
ȻǲʶôҾͺúõĸǽһ
ҶҲֱͷųȵϢĥһԼİ塣
дӡ
һö޴Ƴ֣һͷʺݺݵ£޴ḥ̂ͬһĢƣʮֿɲ
ͷʿ֮¶һ˿֮ɫҴ⣬ӴһŲӲһơ
ͷʣҼлһҶײ˽ٵ࣬Ҷ㵹Ҳ壬ǶԷǽʣޱǿ
֮⣡
Ҷʩչ֮⣬һˣǻ֮һЩа֮Դ
ͷʿ֮󣬷׷ˣȻ׵֮
ҶƲħһˣֱ𽩻֮ϣԷԭء
飡
ͷʲϵسҪ忪ϧǳ˺üΣʧܸա
Ǿ˼γ֮󣬴Ȼ٣綼ƿ
һ࣬޴ĥ£ѹ
¡
綼Ϊ֮һΣ˵漸㣬¾Ų㶼иӦʱ䣬Ľʽ߾ۼҶܵ˽ħϢ
飡
ʳдӡһֱӱɳȥδѹ촷ۣ⽩ʵ̫ǿһ࣬ͱɱ
ͷûóȻ֣ͬ黹ҶԭأʣԼһѻҶ㡣
Ǻܿ죬ʮͷʳˣҶΧסͷҶǿԸʮͷʣҶ㶯еƣҲǶ֡
ħѵԴ˵һ飬ǹغħ˽Լ𣬾͵û
Ҷ˵꣬ɢһϢȻƬķ
һнɫ䣬ѵƬҶϡ
Ƭԭϡ
һͷë˳һǽ֮еߣ뽩ħֻһ֮ң
ûƬȷҪƬҲǲԣ˳
Ҷ¶аЦûзϣƬԼϡ
࣬ѵ㲻֪ǵ磬ˣܻ߳ȥֻҪɱ㣬ȻƬ
ͷʮ飬̶ֳȣǻ۷ǳ֮ߡ
˵ħ˲ӣȻ٣ΪһƬɱҲǷѣˣһӶõƬ
ҶЦһԭֻһδ硣
ƻ࣬Ϊƭ𡣡
ͷʺȻţΪҶʱ䣬˵ʲôı档
˵Ĳȷһ
ܿ죬ħ߳һͷ֮ߵĽħǾŽٵɣֱħĴڡ
ϴҲ
ħ֣ٽֱ񣬲ΰݽħˡ


1290 
ЩħԶֳһͨ߰λħ֣ǰǽħʣͳ硣
Сӣ˵ɣҿ
ħߵҶǰδ֣ϱ龹Ȼһ˿ԻķǳƾħǺԶˡ
ﲻ˵֮ء
Ҷ㿴һܣ󵭵˵
Ҳǣ㵨ӹ󣬸ҲҸȥ¾Ų̸
ħƺҲڲҶĵΣȻһ˴磬϶̡
д⣬һֱҪ¾ŲǺģ
ҶȻŵȻı飬ʲô鲨
룡
ħƣҶ㳯ȥЩûһţֻ߰ͷħ
ڰ˲ʱҶ΢΢һﾹȻħѳͷħڷѳʧܶħ˻δѾ
ھŲ㣬һ䣬ɭɭ·ͨӵðҶ㲻Ծһ¡
ھŲǺܴ󣬶ҵǳңھŲһ޴ĺڶףȫ֪ͨδڵǴﴵ
ƹڶħʽҶһٳĿյأвʯͷıݣǽħʾס֮ء
߰ͷħ룬ֱ߽һ֮УҶҲ⣬ֱ˽ȥ
֮Уʮּª󸯳ζڹսǴܿãмѪ⻹δȫãǲűץħʻûꡣ
żʬϢǰа˽ٵҵʵȻħɱΪǵʳ
ѹƶĵҶҵһɾĵطڽħ˸ʬܱߣϲָõζñȲӬϲһ
˵ɣҪ̸ʲô
ħȿڣƺʷħ˸һƽȵķʽ
ҶˣҾͳ˵ħǰδеΣʧȥƬò˶ãħ˾ͻƬʧ˵Ŀȷ
һ䣬Ҷƺǡ
ûʧȥƬħ˵ȷʵһѾҵ˽Ƭİ취˵£ƺǲ
ħϼ޻˵һ˿϶
ŶָľڳǸڶӵ³ȡ
ҶȻһΪȻӡ
ȻǺܶ࣬Թ㣬Ҳˣò˶ֻ꣬γһµƬ
ħ˵ûзϣΪ˴ͨͨĺڶ̫Ľſٳôһͨ
ҿδذɣҶһЦĽ⣬ȻҲ뵽˲˵ֻҪħ˰һ飬ҿ԰һƬ
ҶܱһƭͨѰ·ӿħʱ䡣
֮ʱ޿̲ʴǣȻһЩǵ֮Ҳħʹ
ϴ󣬲ˣмͷʱ֮ʴʹڵ޻Ƽֲ˶ˡ
Ҷ˵Ĺ򣬴ֳһͷħ䲻Ǻܴ󣬲δע⻹ڳ˵
֪ˣȥɣ
ħʰ˰ھ޴ƣͷħ˳ȥ
Ȼ֤Ҷ˵֮дãǸһ޴һմȾϵ֮ͻᱻ꣬
ҵƬƾʲô㡣
ħ˳ȥ֮󣬽ħʳҶʵЩš
ǲģȻҴӦҵȻһʧŲǣǲӦ֪иĽڵ֮ʱڶ
ҶѾ϶ħ˴ΣĽ׶ΣȻҲ̸С
СӣвǽħһǵһˣŲھͳ㡣
Ҷʶƣħ¶аڵľצҪҶ㡣
вҵ˵ֻǺȡ裬ңȻҲǣҪǳңڵһǡ
Ҷ˿£Щڵ
˵ɣҪħ˰ʲô
쵽ҶǰʱͻȻ˻δ֣ʵ
ħŻҶϵЦŨˣԼļƻԽԽ
ħһƶûгľѪˣǰһλᣬһħĺѪô
ྫѪħΪץżˣʦڣ㻹˷֣ЩʣͼͣһЩʰȥ棬ֱӿ
㲻һССߣƾʲô㣬һƭ֣ϵˡ
ħЩɣҶ㼸Ǹħĺ£ô˵顣
͸Ƭǳȥ˺Ѫ
ȱżҵļƻδ˵ǲҲֻҪҵļƻɹҲƬǣǳѪζһãĺ£ǲܾҵġ
ʵħıѾǣ꣬ĥȥٲò˶ãħ˾ͻ᳹ʧˡ
ô֪ôҵƬ
Ƭʧ֮ã丮ûϢһ丮ͨӣҵõ
ǾܷģƬѾҷֳ֮һάǣ³֮ʣµȫǡ
Ҷ˵꣬ӻóһöƵƬǴƬаһС飬άħһµʱ䡣
ƬħȻٴһ䣬֮ķ˲١
ǾҶ̫࣬ƫƫҶ㣬ⲻϳҪҶǵ
ڿ˵ˣ֮κ
öȱƬȷάһʱ䣬ƬȫٻأȻȫָ
һܵȻУʱһȥҶѾʱˣƻ
֮Ҷһƣ֮ɫӵվ֮ϣ̻ͼΣ丮ģ
Сӣԭ㲻丮ĵӣǵ֣丮ǵĿһġ
丮ħһֱǵжԹϵ͸ٹ̣Ҫ˴˲Է
ǰɣҲһ˫Ӯľ棬Ǳ˴˶
ҶûеĿģǻ丮
ãƻѾƶˣǾ͵źţó⼸죬ħ˺úõĲһ£˰ʱ䣬óȥʵѪҺˡ
߰ͷħվһɢʮֿɲаϢҶ㱻Ʒɳȥ
ͷħ൱ڰŽٵɣƾһ˾Ҷ㣬οǰͷΪ˰ȫҶ㻹档
ԤףǼƻɹ
ҶеıӣԼƱװǾˮħƱ֮УװʵѪҺ
Ԥףɹ
ħһ࣬ƶһԵ߸ļƻȥ»䶯
ӵ뿪Ҷص˵֮ϣܴĿ⣬Ҷ¶ŨŨЦ⡣
ûȥˣֻҪŽٵɣȫɱιȥ
Ҷ㰵˵Žٵɳ궼ڱչأټҶҲа취ܣʱ䣬ҶѧħһֶΣԸıԼĹҪݣܰӱģֻܼһʱʱ䡣


1291 
ʱ䣬ħ̻ҶһָıطţͨطԸı沿̬ŽٵɣҶ˲ı䣬Է޷ˡ
ħֶβҶ㶼Ϲصʱǧ֮Уһִħܱ֮һա
ϧʧ꣬ûħ˶Ҷֻ룬ҪҪԵ
ص丮ҶȻص˺ܶˡ
⼸ղٵӣѾΪʥӣ뿪ҶԺһֱδռݡ
Ȼ紫ԣ򣬵ˣʬ丮Ǳľ
·ϵ˷׷¶ƺʶҶ㣬Ͼ̫ЩµӣûòʶҲ
Сӣ˭ܵʲôѵ֪ʦ־סĵط𡣡
ҶҪ߽ԼԺӣȴסȥ·ҶȫƣһͨˣСҲ

Ҷ˵ЩһͷĿҲ֪ģһʱţȱٵӣʲôʣʲôУнˡ
Ӵ㾹ȻҸҴô˵ǲǻòͷˡ
ͷһ⣬ԳƴܣһǼͬһ㣬ʵϿģɺܴӾѹ
˵꣬ȴСƳҶ£С֮ˣһƹͷᱻ顣
˶¶ЦݣԭһƦå丮յӣֱӱеˣ˼£֮УаԵһѰ˸Ƕ֡
ҶĲһܣܵһˣҶ㲢δ֣¶аЦ
Сӣ㾹ȻҶ㣬ѵ㲻֪ҴֶܵΣԹԵĽѣӴԺҴţû˸Ҷô
ϺضȻҪձѡ
Ҳأ
Ҷ㻹ǵһ֮У˴ĵȡãֱ⵽˼㡣
³ʲô
ܰߵһСץҶǰҶ㣬ʲô
֮ǰ˲Ը⽻ѣǴ֫ڻڴϣСӣȰ㻹ǹԹԵĽѣܸ֡
СҶǰҫҫһֻƨɵĹҶǰָֻţתһȦӣƨɶҶ㡣
𣿡
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ҽֱӷɳӵƨϡ
ϣ
ƨɳʹоջҪˣҶҽǳ֮󣬸оƨɶҪѿ
ͨ
ֱӵһʺſ˵ϣϵİ˫Լƨɣʹı顣
ʲôջûб顣
ܿԼ±Ҷһ߷ɣһϺض£ɢɷ
ܸ磬Ҫұ𰡣Ӵ޴Уһ߿޻ƨɡϣҵƨɡ
ϵƨɲϵİ𣬶һˣҲǰҶΧסҶߡ
СӣǲǻĲͷˣҴҴµˣ㲻Ҵܵˣʲô³
ܾ絹ǺܵͣҲٵҵʵʱϵȴڡ
ҵҪһʲô³
ҶаЦԽԽŨ˫ֱأҪܻʲôֶΡ
ܼ򵥣㳢ҵȭͷ
ܶ˵ɰСȭͷҶźݺݵ£һȭҶİܱС
ܺХ쫷磬Ҷ߷˿裬ȭȻܻ֮һݲӡ
ϧҶ㣬ȭͷҪӽҶŵʱҶһĽܵȭͷġ
ȫǲԳƵƣҶƣֻǸǴȭͷһСңƫƫһС룬ôܵȭͷȻͣڿУǰһһ
ԼȭͷͣڿУɫһ䣬һܺȣȭˣҼл
죬Ҷٶȸ죬ҽֱӷɳڴܵϥϡ
꣡
ӴܵϥǴһӴֱӹڵأȭǱҶס޷ȥ
ͻһĻһȫǴֲ֪ʲô飬Ǵȳ֣ΪαҶȻ
ҵȣ
ܷɱĺУϥǶˣڵϣĵʹ࣬ʹ
𣿡
ҶͻȻӣʮʵ
ۣۡ
һ˵˺ö֣ɫˣȻۡ
ղ˵ʲôҪҺÿ³
Ҷ˵꣬ȭͻȻܾ޴ȭͷȻһΣܿһ̯࣬ڴܣͻȥˣֱӱΡ
û˼ôιȥˡ
Ҷһţ˼¡
˶ǴһĿ־֮ɫҶ㣬һսսٴС
˵ӣҶҡͷЦûᣬԼԺȥ
ʦܣ
ڴʱһӰ£ȻᰣһҲ˳ͻƵ߽ٵɣΪʥӡ
㣡
Ӱֱ֮˹Ͳ˽ҶĻֱվҶǰ˫涡
ʦܣҾ֪㲻һġ
ϲỹ̲סҶ㣬ѾȪۣҲΪʥӣңᰵĵλǳ֮ߣڼ֮¡
丮ΪʥӣλǸ߸ϣһжǰҶ͡
㲻ǳΪʥô
Ҷһͷˮʵ
Ҹղ£˳Ժӿû뵽ÿ˸ղŵһĻʼΪۻˣû뵽ʦܻˡ
᰼̵˵һ飬ʣһӣܶ飬ҪϣԳҲ
Ŷ
Ҷ˵ͷϱûκα仯Ȼǹž
ʦȥ𣿡
Ҷ˵һԵĻᰶͷ
ȥˣԸħʮƵ⵼²ҪͰĵ丮
ҲһͷˮҶʻʮֿĻش
ԣҽʦȥһɣʮ֮ٻ
Ҷ˵꣬ת뿪ֻǽ飬֪ΪΣҶ㲻֣֮Ҳǲ˺Сɡ
ҶıӰЩΣ̾ϢһϵĴܻ˿һɣӣѾѹˡ
֪˭𣿡
᰻ǼҶϢʵ
֪ˣ֪ˣ̣һҪ鰡Ĳ֪ʦ֡
ܳӶˣֱӹڵأϣͨ飬ȻǼҲ丮ȥˡ
ˣϽɣʦܲر֮ˡ
һȣŵƨֱԺӡ
Ҳûͣ뿪뿪֮ǰ֮У֮ɫ
ҶصԼķ䣬ûжٸд˼ڿٵ˼ڼƻѾɵĲˣͱȽϼޡ
СףЩ֮У丮Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
С׳ˣҶóһСʵ


1292 Ž׸
ڷܣһƣʶ޷͸ͻƵ߽ٵɣҶֶθ졣
磬˷֣ҲҪʱ䣬ܶطƺһЩϹŶױ֡
Ҷ丮Ҳмµʱ䣬ͼ͸㵽ˣС׽һЩط¥С
һط丮ϲ֮أƽвپŽٵɳûóȻ룬пܱ֡
ɳأʱ޿̶컯ҲвٸְأҪ֪ĻȥҲҪһֽš
ܿĽҲһ飬ڲ˷ֵ£ĵĽ֮С
ܿܶԲߣ¥Ҷ׼ԼȥšɳǱߣɷһңСײ֪ûգŽȥ
丮ϲĽ׾ûбҪţֻҪսһЩϲԱ϶뿪ʱҶȥãҲᱻħ˼̤

ɣǣ˿Ҳַ죬ҫˣ֪ǻɱǳŭҼţһ˱ɱ˱ڴ֮ϡ
ҫŽٵɣһҪƿȻ޲ߣڴϵˣһϢٲƿֻܻı
򣬾丮ӣҫ壬ҲҪɱ˳
ҫԸ飬Ѿóˡ
̶һʱ䣬ɣǱޱ֣ҲǷӿΧһˣǾ
Χ۵ԽԽֵ࣬ڰƲϣִ󣬿̵
ϣûа취ƿ𣿡
ҫҲ¶֮ɫиŮŮѾҪˡ
ѣ̫ˣҵʩչƵˡ
һѰ׺ӣɷǣ֮У֮ɫɢŨɱ
Ѿص丮һһأҲһʱ䣬ǸȲǸʱˡ
ҫ֪ܲ廹ϵˣɣǣȻа취Ѿ뿪ˣѾҪˣȥȻʵ
ĸ֣֮пƵ
ҫŽٵɣҫһȻƿ
ɣӵоŽٵɵָ˼ϹɣˣȥϣԷһӡ
ϹŶչأҵΨһܰǵģֻɣˡ
ҫΪһǣʧڽֵϣɣ

ҫʵڲ˼Ĵ߶أҲûа취
ӴҫɣĹܼң㣬һĴ߷׷ױչأұչ֮ǰԸκ˴
ͷܼң취ܲλߣɹĳл
˵꣬ҫóһöָܼ
ʹãʹãҫ಻㣬λıأΪ
ܼ֣ûнӹָһ֮ɫ
ңĴںδչأԼȥǣ죬λһԹ۵ġ
ҫ˵ֱվȻҪԼȥɣλߡ
ҫʵλչأҶ֪˵ˣһƺʲôԲĳǲϣ˴
ܼɫ˲ˣһ˿飬Щϵ˼
ҫҲɵӣѾˣɣԸ֣Ĵ֮⣬ɣӦûмλŽٵɣղѯʣ׷׳ȥȥˣһڼҡ
ҫӻɣǲɣ֪ǰǰ˶֧ˣֻһܼӦԼ
ߣɣҪڡ
ҫһ˦䣬ֱ뿪ˣҲûбҪȥȥˡ
ʱһȥɣЩŽٵɾȻֵһʧˣҫ˺üˣǱչأ⡣
ɣĴ߶һѹûбչء
ϣһѡǶԵģС϶һѡ
ľԴε
İɣСһʧġ
¥һţеϣҶϡ
һʱ֮ҫһŭĻص˴ϣѾʧʱ˹ȥ
ϣƿˣ
ҫϲ⣬ΪǴϵ뵽˰취
㿴ǰɣ
ϰ˰֣ҫԼȥ
ӣҫסԼŮϢȫޣֻʣһǣˣԪҲ⡣
дҪɱ򡣡
ҫŭĺУǧ֮⣬ɣǶˡ
֮Ҳ쳹һ֮նɱǻ𣬻ҫŹڵأŽٵɸ֣޷ƿƣȫ
ϢԼٶȴܿ촫˾ͽ廹к¼Ķ
ڽ̵ͯľĸ߻յϢ֮ص˺¼壬֪ͨС㡣
ʱĺ£ʮ㲣һȦɫҰףܼʹࡣ
С㣬һǹӣֶֻΣ丮ˣò˶ãͻаն
߻ʮ˷ܣҲСˡ
˵ʲôȻΥҵּ⣬лСˣҴȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ӻº߳һӣȻǺ¼ղŸ߻һʱˣδֻڳ
鲻ġ
߻ҪѾ˴ˣ᲻ԾĵҲûжٷ󲿷ڶԸ֮ϡ
¶ҪֵģҲΪãȻСӲ֪ǾȥѾ֪ͨ˾ͽ壬ʮ֮󣬾顣
¼ĳ˵˵֮̾Ϣһ뿪˺µԺӡ
˿̵丮ҲǷӿ
֪Ҷ˷׷ǰݼϾҶ丮ҫ۵ţһ죬նɱǻ
ЩӦ꣬Ҷȫ֮⣬һΪ丮Ҷֻгޡ
ҹɫ٣Ҷû֮УСҲʧˣһȻ
ɫδʱҶصԼסһƣ֮ɫ
ߣȥʥӣֻܵõ丮ıӡ
ǰҶ㻹Ҫ丮ɱǻҫ϶ưոݣƼ壬壬ǰ
ֱʥҶˣݽ롣
丮ʥҪһЩҪʮһ𿼺ˣҪݣҶ˿⣬ǰ
նɱĴˣҶ㼸С丮˶Ĵӵĵˣֻܰѳ޷Ҷϡ

Ҷãʹһŭȣһ޴Ӱ£һƺҪҶ㡣
Ž׸֣
Ҷһĳ綼ġ
ס֣ǽ֡
һ˳ˣס˴ˣ˫ڿֱӽֻ֣ײһ𣬽𻨡
ʱ򣬽棬Ѿۼʥӣдĺĵӣ׷ǰۿҪһ֮ݡ
hϣΪҪһʥӳ֡
ҶֵһƵҲһӣʵղ͵Ϯʵ


1293 ַ
Ҷǰ棬סhϣҶûͻȻԼӡ
ΪҪСӣɱ丮ţתƣ棬ǻЩڶ丮粻ɱЩ彻
h˻ߣҶԼĳϽʥӣ丮λǳ֮ߣhƽȡ
˵ĲƵȷʵţǸԸӸдˣ丮ߵĸԶЩ壬Իύֲָ𡣡
ƺҲԸhϣԭǸԸҪȫ˰š
Ҷ˼תԼûƼ廹ҫ壬壬֪Լ϶ưոݣΨһİ취ǽ丮ϣܱԼ
ʥӾõİ취߲ע⣬չ¶Լ츳ʧȥڶţ丮Ȼʧȥ
ǸţhɫʱhһģɱԼͽ˾ǰhôܲŭ
Сӣб¾ͱһͷڹһ˱󣬳һսܽһƣɱƵ飬Ҽ̡
ڸӣh̫֣Ȼʹ˼ҶվԼһƣܻУǸã׷Ҳˡ
㲻ܻУҲܽΪϵhúݵ˼
hϣһŽǰҲһҽһƣƺ߼
ҶЦе˵˿ûбhĻ̼ʮ䵭
ۼԽԽ֪࣬Ҷɱӣ丮ôо
ǵʲô鶼ûڹ洦Ǵĵġ
㲻ң
hЦΪҶ㲻ҡ
㲻ңҿԽѹ߽ٵɣ㲻жԹһʹ
hǲϷɷŵ;磬ҲҪһƻҶ㡣
ⲻǸҲҵ⣬ֻǵӻæŽʥӣhΪѰŸһһƽоҪ˽˶ԹǿԺ㡣
Ҷ㲻̲˵ʱϾҶмƻҪһ¾Žٵɣǰµʱ
廷ˣ丮ڲЩƵҶֻǹһˣһٲ
СӣһΪеԭҲֻһͷڹ꣬Ҳɱ㣬ҿҲ죬Ѿ棬ַǸҲҪ
hҶβҪֻɱ϶ǲˡ
hϣһ²ΪεҪ˳ɱŵӣѵͨڣˣҪ丮ţ
ҶͻȻЦˣȻhһͨڵεҪɱ丮ţȻ丮ĸ
ݵúԣֻǿ˲бΪնɱŵӣԴڹ洦á
hɫһ䣬ȻЩȻͨǴȻҶҶݵɣڱϣô˵˭Ҳ治ˣ˭֪᲻Զﴫ
ݵúԣ
ҶȻЦ⣬ǰһվǰ棬һ㶣ѵͲhͻȻ֡
˶֪ɵһ֣ŵĵӶδ֣Ϊ丮ĵӣˣҺܷѽ⣬ʵãɱڹ棬Ҳ֪ӦʲôΪ
ڶڹϽʱŵһ˿ƳˣֱҪɵǺΪǿкֻhϣɱƣк
ɣǣԭص丮ǻżڳһ¶СҪšҵԴϵı㣬ָ
Ҷһ˵ɣhȻԶԣЩӷ׷׵ͷκˣᷴ׸
һɺԣ˵ԻǶǾţôϵıɵãǵľ磬Ҫҿ丮ţҪǵͷϲġ
hǿʶΪҶ˵Ĳġ
hϣƲ㣬ֲһˣΪ˵Щ𣿡
ҶЦѣ֮ͬɫ˶ĬˣΪҶ˵Ķʵģȷȳ֡
ˣҶ˵һ䣬ʥӵʽܿҪʼˣҸҲԵȥθ롣
վ˳ֹ˼ȥ˭
ǣղŶʧ񣬻϶
Ҷǫǫhðɣȴ޿κΣһ˦ֱ֣ҵһɫࡣ
ҲҪɱŵӵ黹δһҪȵᡣ
ȻҶûɱ⣬ɱʥӵͬСɣҶҪһĽ͡
лϵѣһǾ仰ִҪϷѶ֮ڣǿȨЩͼӣ׸ȨûС
Ҷȴܴ丮󲿷ֶһ
ҡҡͷҶѾˣû뵽˴󵨣ȻȻ丮Ȩ˵ҲϾȳ֡
ģһԲƫ̻κˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôҶ߽֮УΧ۵һһ㣬ΪյϢһǰַӣⳡ֡
˿̵丮ǳ֣ҶǰãƼͻȻ٣壬ҫ壬ϣһ丮ֱҵ丮
ɽ֮УľŽ׸֣һ¶ɷʮֱŭ
λԶĳʧԶӭ£
丮ʮֿ˵
壬㲻Ҫ˵Щ׻ǽҪ㽻崦
һ˵ҫԼŮһǰȥҫѾѹеŭǰ丮ǿ󣬿˺Ƥ
ûϽȻͻ뿪
Ҳ˵ˣҪ彻
ҵҿ⣬鲢ڹԭӦöĲˣ˵ףҲ֪кδ֮С
岻²һַȻһ֮ƣҲϣܻ˴֮ìܡ
壬ǴСˡ
ĵȻԪ壬⣬ƽлΪˣңںԻΪһȻ丮ƽƽ
ϧˣҵĵλһǧɣʧȥƣҲʧȥǰ;Ѿܶ˿ãҪ
ⲻǰӵ⣬Ѿ˺ĵ飬ȻλŶ֣֮׷β֮ϣҶú˼Ҫִ󡣡
ҲЩŭ⣬丮ȻһٵʣѾŭ
ǲܣҪ
ƼΣҪնɱ


1294 
壬һ±Ż彻򣬳ϵ˲ޱȳơ
ƻ桢ǻ丮ӣˣΪѵͲӦ׷𣿡
˵ˣȻˣҲ丮ţˣ丮ӦҲҪһ˵
˵ĲýʥӣȻҶˣǲһȥ֮ҶȻڹ洦á
վӣ˳ȥϾЩ飬Ҫ˲ܽ͵
ߣҵҪСӾҲҪ͵
ȻбΣҲҪɱƵˣ丮ڹ
һȺ˺ƺƵĳʥӽȥ丮ϲȫмʮŽ׳ϳ֣һ𱼸
ˣ丮ûôֹȻΪһˣλ壬丮ϲ㡣
ϸĴ׷׳Ҫδ顣
ãʧȥƵˣ򶼱ס丮˵һʧ
Ҷϴλϼ֮£ȷʵﵽ߽ٵɣҲû⣬һжˣҶΪ丮ʥӡ
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̤ˣٶҲҲһˡ
ׯϵʽ֮£ҶɹݣԽʥƽҶһöָʥʹͣκεӣʥӣõŵʹ͡
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ɵһ̣һ󲨶һǿϢ̤ռ䶼ʼȶҺ丮õ˼ӹ̡
Щһ֣ˡ
ھ޷֮ϣռҲԵӵ棬Ѿվĵӡ
Щǿֱ֮ڽǰĹ㳡ϣµһ̣㳡ֱһζ
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Ҷ廯ΪһǣҲڹ㳡֮ϣ趯ͦԶЩŮͼ
Ұ㣡
ŮӢۣķͷ죬ȻзЩͨ͵ż
ϧ丮ЩӣҪҶ㽻õж٣꣬Ҷʶ丮Ĺģʽ
Щӽݰ裬۸С޹֮֡
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岢δ򣬿ӦȻΪ
£֪λкָ̣
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ҫҪߣҫеϣǻϣԼŮһҪ
ԭҫСȻˣ˸㣬丮ֲҫҫ丮Ϸںδ
Ҷ˵꣬忴˹ȥȻҶ丮˳廹һЩӲǺܺÿ
ƨˣ丮кιϵ
ҫȻ֪ܿ丮丮ͻ
ҷƨ
ҿƨӦǣɱǻûҲ丮飬ǺθɣȻ丮丮ĵӣȻᴦֵõСС
Ҷѻ壬丮ڲ飬ݲ˲롣
ǿʶ丮ûҲǼӣҲ뿪
Ҳ˵ˣҪ׼֡
Ц丮ڲ飬ʲôʱֵƿˣ˵ɱɱ˵ʹ򣬴ȥҪΪ˳Цǧꡣ
Ҷһ̾ϢҡͷЦƺڳҲڷ̡
û丮ڲ飬ΪҪ˸Ԥ
᰾Ȼվ˳վҶһߣɱƵˣ丮ĵӣҲֲַ
丮֧ҶֻһˣᰣҶЩжĮɨˣĶǼʣϣԼ֮¡
ĮҲ丮ĹģʽǼñ˵ĺãʥӶ⣬οЩĵӡ
ȿȣղżλ̸Ҷһ˵û丮ڲ飬λͣһ延ӭҪĿģѹ丮ӣֵˡ
վ˳˿̲վѾ˵ȥȷ丮ڲ顣
ֳžһƬ˵ĿⶼۼڻϣϾһ֮丮벽˵Ĵڡ
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ͻȻһ䣬ʶ˲˵ȷ丮ڲ飬Ƕ
Ҷ뿪丮ۣǰɱҶ㣬丮ûа취ڣҶ丮֣֮ȥȷ档
ȲҪ¶ۣǷ񻤶̣йۣȻַܵĸһ͵Ļᣬ˵𣿡
ı㣬˵Ҳǲ²λ޻ϣ޷ʹ
ãҵҪСνƱ磡
Ͼ˼ҵĵϣҲ̫֣ŭδɱȻ޲ܵ˺Ҷ㡣
Ѿ֪ˣڵŴҵ棬һ£һƫ̻κˡ
廰л˶бҶ˼ϾʧȥƵˣʧȥҶ㣬丮ŵֻʣԪλʥŮˡ
Ҷȣ˵ʺȻĲһվȺ֮Уû˵
ǵȻҲ죬رԪĴӣֻʣһˣҶĸо
л
Ҷ㻹ǾһܳʲôĿģһأҶҪ丮Ҷ߸˿һǷǡ
ʱޣҶĹıֻܼ֮һʱѾȥܾˣҶʱȡ
ʼĩҿԿ˭˭һĿȻҪĽ˰ɡ
ҶֱӼö¼Ư֮ϣʱ˸ǧâһӰӳ֣Ȼĳ
һɣǻɱǻʱҶ̻ģüڣı
ҶеǣǵͼҶ㼸ʱ̻ܿһöϱúܶ࣬κ飬¼
һΪԺò֤ڶҶҲǣЩһΪοݣ¼ԼЩط㣬ÿһսҶ㶼¼
ս֮õҲİ취Ҷ澶Ķŷÿһս¼ºĦ


1295 ı
е̸Ŀƣ棬ǻҶ㶼Ǵڱ棬ͻᱻɱ
ֳһƬĬϵͶӰ֪Ӻ˵𣬻Լָô
һյʱ䣬Ӱʧ໥һۣ֮УǶ񶾣û뵽Ҷ㽫е֤ȫˣ벻ġ
λڻлҪ˵㣬ңδ
ҶǸһ˿Ц
ЦһҲˣôܸȣҪɱ㣬ҡ
һߣָҶ㣬ΪҶ޷Ტۡ

ҶͻȻЦЦǰò˶ͷʱЦʲô
ǼûһȻúõģǺȴĲˣ棬ҵĳˣһƾᡣ
ҶЦ֮꣬УһɳɱκҪɱԼҪۡ
дȻ֪ǼǾɣ
̲סˣ׼ֳ֣˲
Ѿˮʯȳ֣йﲻڹ棬գλҲһǿϻҾͲ˵ˣ˵ҲʹģӣӦýĿ⿴ĸԶЩ
˵ˣչ¶ǿһ棬ֱӸλйֲַ
ҶǻһߣȻԼϾѾˣٺõʣҲֻܴʷ
壬Ҫƫ̻֡
ҫ̲סˣֱӱ˴ֿڣֱ壬δƺ
丮Ƿֱжۣ丮ӣʲô飬Ҳ丮飬ǵ֣ǹȻ丮ϡ
Ҳӣλһĺ֮
ǲ˼丮һģѵ丮ĲŲ𣿡
һǱȽǣŵ
ƵҲʮʹģղѾ˵ˣӣܲһֱڹȥҪǰضȻ仯ܹܲԷ⣬ڹȥλΪ˵Ŀɶԡ
Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ǸղһԵ֮ɫȻϣĸλֽ
λģƼ˵丮ȷʵΣΪ⳥丮óһλ忪ɰʱ䣬ǿ⣿
御ˣóһԴ⳥λ塣
⳥˶ˣһ򺭸Դʱ䣬ţһƣ⡣
ã̫³çˣûо丮ͬ⣬óȻ룬ǡ
ٶȸϴ·ˣʮ֮죬Ͼ滹ǾţһмֻҪԼֻʱ⡣
ָΣ
峯Ҹҫ忴ȥҪʲô˼
СӶ죬丮һɱ󡣡
ҫǲͻϾԼŮҶ
죬ҲܱһӣˣҲʹȻ
һ㻪ûзҫ˵ǹ䣬ܱ˰ǿ
һ־ˣ滪һ뿪Ҷûжɽ¸ȥҵһ֮أߴϡ
գ
ҶоԼ඼Ҫˣһʱֻмʮʱ䣬ڵȥǵñ©ɡ
һνʥӣҶûݣùı֮뿪֮ߡ
ʥ֮󣬵λߣԼɽ壬ҶжҲǷ㣬һطҶ¥
¥ܣĽƣóȻ룬϶ƣ¥֮УкüǿϢ
μס֮Ҷ뿪
ʱһȥɫһڣҶʧԼĶֱŻ
ڼ䣬Ҷĵǰ˵磬ħ˼ΣһЩҪڣ©֮ȫ̻
˴ȱߣʮʱ䣬Ҷ㲻ָĵط丮沼һ޴󷨡
ҪסŽٵɲܣס˽ٵ»пܣֻҪħڳڣһɱһ
Сӣû뵽úݵģϲ
ħҶļ򣬲òҶ㣬ֱҪħ˻Ҫݣһۡ
֮Բ֮ҹأʺħ˳û׼ôˡ
Ҷû⣬ʥˣҲˣҪģǸЩȥһ
ħʱ䣬Ƭħȫָ
ħĵı֤ûչѪħͰͲסʵѪҺѾħ˴ˡ
ã֮󣬰ҵź¡
Ҷվӣ뿪˵磬ص丮ʱȽƽˣȻ丮ˡ
10009꣬磬ƣһҶڶǰ޴Ĺ㳡
ϴ֮֮쳹򣬶죬ʢһ¡
֮󣬾˾ͽ¼飬Ϣһ֮ǰʱ֪ͨܶյϢһ㵣Щš
رҶ㣬յϢһ̣ͬһ룬ʮۣǴ߶ҶƻǰʵС
ҵҲã¼Σ˶ֻǲףΪҪżĽԼŮ޳ȥ
ಣ
Ҷʧԭأɳظȥ׼һʱ䣬ܶȡһЩ컯
ɳأŨУƽƣ컯֮ԴԴϵ
ʦ֣㲻ǱȥɿôͻȻˡ
Ҷǰ治Զӱ߱˵
ǰռݵøҫ壬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôռ¼ʮˣͻȻø塣
дʦִεˮ˭óǸڳ֣Ҳ
֪ˣǰЩӣӦңңҫ壬Ϊ˱ȫǸģóһ治֪ôģһзǣΪֵֵ
ߵһǳĿǣΪЩˣڹ棬Ӧô
ô˵ͼǻǲҪĦ˼ˣ굤ҩȥ
ʦֶûʲôоԵá
ʦ֣ǲ֪ŰԵЩ˷ʥӣ˵Ӧһһݷã涼ѹͲʥӷ
ߵȻ½ʥӣӦҪݷʥӣڣҶ㵹ã֮󣬴ŲŲѹͲκ
λʦ֣֪ôŰԵˣΪʲôҪһһݷǣһĶҲֵȥݷ𣿡
ҶͻȻ˵ˣղһֱͬһĨ磬˾Ȼûио
ǣ
ߵǲȵβһֱ


1296 սɳ
ҶͻȻ֣ЩӦرǸղű˵ҶŰԵ꣬ǲȵԼβֱͣ
ǣ
һľŭ֮ɫΪҶ
ʲôƾʲôֵҸ١
ҶЦһֱԷҪ̼ΪҶղһЩйغ¼飬ѵ滹ʲô˵鲻ɣ
ʦ㿴ȻŰԵͬڵӣкǣһٵ衣
ʦһţ˵Ĺϵãһδʦֻһ
򣬸ղǲԣñˣʹ˸ǡ
ʦ־ȻʮֺͰĵǸû˼Ҷ㶼һ㶣丮ŰԵҶֻģǶѣû뵽ʦܳס
ҵǸߣһ⣬ڵǸǲҲˡ
ҶˣƣĴΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ʥ򣬳ֵĴ󲿷ֶʥӡ
㲻Ҫ̫֣Ҷ丮ӣЩСĦҪ󶯸ɸ𡣡
ʦҲҶһЩ¼ƶɱˣԶͻԿĿ϶
ҹ֣
ڱĻˣǱͱˣܱĳЩ˵һױһǿ
ҶǰһţѹƵĴʦָ׷һ
㲻Ҫ̫丮ֹ֮ɱ㵨ҳ֣֪
ɲҶȻڹԼҶ㡣
Ц˵ҪɱΪҪ˺£ǲʲôĵ顣
ҶЦһ˵ı鿴һʲô˵顣
Χ۵𽥶û˲֣֮ѾΪһ漣û˸棬ҹȻơ
򣬹ˣЩʥӣΪ
һȣŮӵһɫŮˣȻʥŮ֮һɳҲɳ֮ء
Ŷʦͷ
ҶƳһɳѹûų
ͷ㲻ϣղŵѾǸˣΪ㻹ҪͱˣǵҪ
ɳվŲˣˣЩ𶼹鸽ɳ£ԪľȻɳʵˡ
ʦҪǳͷһ£ǣ֮飬ֲ֡
ҶͻȻһ䣬ɢɱֱӶɳ
㡭
ɳһֱ߸ϣܵ裬ʱ䣬ĿԲһɱɢȻûƸߣ丮ʥ֮Уŵһɳŵڶ
һ丮ЩʥӴɳѾﵽ˰˽ٵ۷壬ʵǳֲ
ʲôңۣ㲻ףðָ˵㲻Ҫ֣𣿻ԼҴ򡣡
Ҷ˲Ҫÿ仰һƴɳʱܱ
ܺã򣬽һĸУǲǴ˵֮еô
ɳȻʶҶɱƾѾȣҪǿ٣š
ܵõʦָ㣬ҵң˵ǰ棬ۣҪ˺ʦ㣬ǿɲˡ
Ҷ¶ЦݣɳĵϸһԸ񱣬жصȺãЩ걻ĥ˲
ɳþĥˣѻץĥһɱ֪˼٣֪Ҳû˸й¶ȥ
ҶҲһ⵱Уһ֪֪ɳá
ģ˵ңı¡
ɳϣðһŻ棬Ǵɣöķ˾Ѫ֮󣬳ɹӵһ˿־
˾Ѫյ˳̶ȣҲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷͣǳ
ϵķȣֱһһ£Ҷӵдķ־
㻹еʶҵķ֮¡
ɳǻ֮˷˾Ѫİ绢ԳƣҲӦ顣
ʼʱɳʮа죬£һˣʱûɷ˵̬
ɳʦ㣬Ͻ֮ԷȻĿˣһδεЩʥӡ
Щ֧ɳˣ׷״ϣܳҶ㣬ҲЩʥӳ
ʦֻѾ˵棬һԹߣϱʮأһ˿һĴ⡣
֮壬Ӱи
ɳȳ֣ŨҵĻ澹Ȼһи֮ҪҶķѣɳȻ֮ˣȻһ
ҶѾ˱ɱ֮ģɱҶ㣬丮һţԽκˡ
ҶһԷͼһȻɱ֣Ҷ飬ԭΪһȵһһɱȻԼԹˡ
ʶһ£ʲôķ𣡡
ҶЦһֱһҲһŻˣֱӻΪһͷӰһԶһЩޣֱŵڵء
ʥ죡
Ҷûκεʽֻ÷˵־ѹסɳ
ȻӰֵһ̣ɳɫһ䣬ҶķȣһֻȫһΡ
ֱ£һˣɳѹȥɲĻ֮Ļֱգͬȫ𲻵κεá
ԶЩӷ׷׾ˣɳǿĿã˭֪Ҷ㾹Ȼǿ˳̶ȣƺԽɳ̫̫ࡣ
˾֣
ɳϾǷ֮˫һ趯֣࣬ʼתҪƿҶķӰ
ûõģǻʣ㲻һ鷲򣬾Ȼ»ʵ
ҶЦһվԭزʵ˭ռƣһĿȻɳѾƾҶ㲻һӰɳ޴롣
䣡䣡䣡
ײ˻һ̣죬ǿĳܲϵ졣
Ҷվԭأ˿Ȼڷ裬޷ֺɳ˻棬˲٣Щˣٴɫ䡣
ô˴ķ־
ɳѾǸղһ֮ɫȡ֮һݣһŮӣһŮħͷ
˵㲻һ鷲Щġ
Ҷ㷺ЦȻףķǺķ־
ɳһֱΪԼ˲ת֮⣬κεطƣ滮δһ죬ҲΪˡ
û뵽챻Ҷһ鷲Ũɱ޲ھҪնɱҶ㡣
һ磬־ȡʤ
ɳûмҶնɱǻ𣬶ҶӡһֱͣڸƵĽϣԶҶʵ˽⡣
⼸٣ҶҲԭ̤رʱ䣬Ƿ˷츲صı仯
ֵ⣬һһ򣬴ΪҶɱ
дӡ죬һʩչԻ죬Ҷ㵱Ȼ׵ʩչһЩϹŶע⡣
Ǿʶһ£ʲôŽ
Ҷû⣬ֱһǿ񱩵Ļ֮ˡ


1297 ı
ҶûеɳڼǿĻ֮ҶöԷĳ֣ܶҲһ衣
ŨҵĻʱͬһգҫܣĽĵӣ·Ҫϵĺˡ
𾪵Īɳ˿о˽ķ־ʼ룬ϵķӰ
ɳɫ¶֮ɫоҪˣԼĻ֮Ҷ˵˿ãΪ˶ԷĲƷ
ϵĻ֮һ㱻Ҷʳ˵ľѪҲ⡣
̫̫ˣ
ԴŻ˾ѪۿҪҶյһɶɳôܲŭ
̫ʦǲ̫ˣҳֵǰɣҲѡ
Ҷһ֣߳óɳ۴Уղȳ֣ռκơ
ҶһʼóȫЩӸǾ֣Ҷ
𣡡
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻһ䣬޾ɱͻȻΪһ֮ɳ£ЯɲϢԻκΰ˽ٵɡ
磬ڵס˵ߣɳ뵽мĻζʱܱ
Ҷվ棬¶һ˿Цһ֮£ȻɳҲҪشӴ˾ٽһ
˴ˣɳԣѾõ˳ͷʹ˽ɣ
һɣˣɳڲػĳϣŽٵɳˣһεĴƳ֡
ЩҵĻһȥܿƵҶǰɳͷɢ״һԭزϵ˻
ǲЩƫˣҲУ֪ϻ᲻ȡ
ҶżĿǣƺڳЦгֵĳϡ
ϣôһ죬ʣ꣬ЩϹŶҪˡ
еģĻش𣬵һԿ϶ҶһֱôɳȥԽֻʱ⡣
϶˵ԶЩӸĿɿڴɳĿܶӲδۿҶɱƣҲûۿɱǻ𣬵ǻɳȴ˿
Žٵɵĳ϶ۣʱ䣬Ҷܴﵽĸ߶ȣҶжôǿ츳ƬҲһ˳
վԶԪһɬ̶̼ʱ䣬丮˳ı仯ǰ˲ˣ˷ǡ
Ҽˣ
ɳһԹ֮ɫ֮ǰݺݵвҶ㣬Ѿˡ
ҵţ
ҶѹûɳΪҶҪɱֻҪָֻǰǻᡣ
ʦ֣֮黹δǲҸطú̸̸
ҶһΣһִֻ˴ʦֵļϣá
ǸʦܣղŶе¡
ʦһ˿ɳҶοæСЦ
İɣҲΪ㣬Ҹ徲һĵطǺúġ
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ԵΪڳٵߣ޿κΣûκεˣοЩˡ
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Ҷʮֿ˵ôʦ˵
ʦ֣ʲô㲻ֱ˵һ֪޲ԣ޲
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˵˵ΪδͻȻˡ
Ҷ⣬ʦּǰһϿԴΪͻȻϻЩΡ

ʦ¶Ϊ֮ɫһй¶ȥ׷вжΡ
Ϊ𣿡
ҶʵϻǴŵЦ⣬һ˿һӡ
ʦܣʵǣ㣬ʦܻǲ֪ΪҲΪá
ʦ־Ȼĳ˵ϣҶ㲻Ҫˡ
лʦֵĺ⣬һʮָȤʦֲõģҲκˣ㲻˵֪ҵֶΡ
ҶӲʩͷų׼ѻꡣ
ҶѻĶʦֻ֪ѻʹ࣬Լļıѹһ飬ʹ
ã˵ϣʦұܣ֪һҵʱҲ⣬ǣȥ
ʦֹ⽫˵󣬾Ҷй˼ɣϢй¶ȥ
İɣҲ˵ġ
Ҷٴα֤ȴĵļһöûԶǽ֮ϣ˵̸ȫ¼
ģһ֮ǰҽӵϢʱҵңȥȥɿܶŵоʹʹԴҲ֪ɿһˮʮַĲ£鱦˽һЩ
ʦֻ˵һ֮ǰһ˵
û´ӦǺ¼ƹܰɣôȥɡ
ʦֻǿһԱкܶ˶ȥˡ
ûҲΪ˵ǣԭ򡣡
ʦƺſˣŰͽĿ֮ѳԽƣǰͽᣬҸղųҲ˵ˣ֮󣬾ܳԽЩϹŶܸùϵԺĪİ
Դʦһһʮȫг
֮ǰ丮˾ͽ壬һ֣ӶԴк¼ʮ򣬶ռҲǵºįԭ򡣡
ʦԽ˵Խʣɫ˵һЩȫ
ҶɫȻûб仯ȴǷˣ˾ͽ徹Ȼ丮йᣬȴźˣҪ¼
Ҷһʹ֮󣬾Ǻ˾ͽ¹֮ڣҶжǰڽϡ
ѵ¼һûв𣿡
Ҷ㻹ʮֺ棬Ϊκ¼һ㷴ӦûУ˵϶һЩ˿
ʦ֪¼Ѿǵļˣ˺ܶ棬Ѿ׼֮գȡڼ֮ʱ׼Ȩλû˰нӦ丮˾ͽôô˳ռ򡣡
˵ʦüɫ裬ƺڵȴһϷ
֪Щ˵𣿡
ҶʵĵȻǺ¼Щ׼λˣЩϢҶá
֪һЩǺܶ࣬ܶڰУٳ֡
ʦ֪ҲǺֻܶ࣬ȼˡ
ãЩ˵Ϣҡ
ҶóһƤôʦְЩ˵Ϣ¼ȥ
ûԥһϢȻϣҶԽüͷԽЩ˶Ǻ¼صһڱ䣬Ժ¼˵һСĴ
ʦܣֻ֪ôˣʦܲҪй¶ȥ
ʦ֮󣬻ϣҶܡ
İɣһشġ
Ҷû˵й¶ֻ˵شصʲôزֻҶԼˡ
ʦܣкδ㣬ѵһֱ丮ûΪ丮һʥӣ
ʦֿʼѾԼҶˡ
˵Ҫûʲôˣȥɣ
Ҷ˰֣ôʦ뿪
֮УֻʣҶһˣԭء
û뵽һ˴ıȥɳأ̸֪¼Ҫһѡ
Ҷ㰵˵


1298 ɱ¾ʼ
û뵽һ֮٣Ȼһ׮ı
Ҷ֮⣬һ˾ͽ϶¼Щ֮ˣһӦϣǻ¼õʱ
Ҷͨ˺ܶϸڣҪ߸¼壬Щ֮˻ǲУҪƶ˾ͽõѡ
ôһ壬Ҫȥǳ֮ѣΨһİ취ͨĳʢ£ӪĽڣ˾ͽ˿Դٽ롣
ұҪֹȻΣˡ
Ҷվӣٳɣ׼ʵʩƻһ߸˺¼壬㳲֮£ѣ׵ĻǺ
ɫһɺɫĴ𣬷·ѪͿһ㣬ʮĿа졣
ҹԲ֮ҹҲа֮ҹɽԶǺûƺᵽ˲һζ
丮ɣǵƻԻֻͣǵϣЩȥĵӷ׷׸˻Ǹ涨ħϮ
磬ҵĺǧͷħһ̤ɫ丮߼ٵĿ·ڸڣϢı˸ɵûκ鱨ݳȥ
ڵɽ֮ϣһӰվ棬丮˵ĹâֳɱƺҪᴩ񷣬ûء
丮Ļ֮գ
Ӱ૵˵֮Уɱ⡣
󣬺ӰΪһǣʧֱӽ丮֮УһһϬ񣬽Ķ¥
丮ʮ֮⣬ۼħˣ丮еӶ屶࣬ʾмǧҪ丮ҲüŽ׽ħһٶˣ丮Ҳʮˡ
ħˣǵķֳ֪Ҫ϶ٱչƣͲʳ丮
丮ػħһδγ޹ǽգǵĻˣǴȱڣ޼ɵĳȥɱ࣬ѪҺ
ĽվҶļϣɫţȻ֪ζʲô
СӣҪˣʮˣ϶кܶ޹֮ˣ˶ɱֻҪһ£Ϳ̿ʮʱĵܲܳܵסҪԼ컯ˡ
Ľ׻Ҷ㣬ɱʵվ£ɱʵʧˣ⵽ų⣬
ҵĵ·˲ͬɱֹɱõİ취ȻˣҾɱ֮ʶ죡
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ĽҲҶ㼤ˣҶ㹲ˣ߳Լһ·
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ʱˣǿʼɣ
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ըʹ˺ѡ
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һսˣֻ¥ǱȽƽ˿û˿
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ɳһ˴ȵ
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һߴ˵丮ľŽ׸ûħ˶࣬սַǳȥԮ


1299 
¥ĽƣըһȱڣŽٵҲ봳ȥ
֮׶ã֮
ǽҹȻ͵ΣͷǸüͷħסˣЩŽ׳ϣϾҪ߶ҪϺ
ЩﶼҪϹѾħսһ
϶ʧʣһ¥ػ̤롣
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һȱڣҶ޷ȥ˳ȱڣҶʶɢȥƳǰ
þܵ󷨣Ȼ󣡡
Ҷ㰵˵Һʱ䣬֮úõоһӦһߵķʽá
߸λӦǳǳ֮γһֱߣֱֱ࣬ߣͻᱻ
СףˣǧСģֻҪɡ
ҶССע⣬취ƿ󷨣¥֮ϡ
İɣѾ˿ռ֮Ҫɱңô򵥡
Сŵŵ˵Ѿһ˿ζ
ãȥɣ
ҶСףС׺ܿʧҶֱ̤֮Уʼƽ󷨡
Ȼһߵʮ죬ϧҶ㣬󷨴ȫԸʮϤһߵ󷨵ȻҲڴС
һյʱ䣬㹻ƽ󷨣ҶʮСģ⵽󷨷ɡ
丮棬һţɱҰÿһռ䡣
֮ϣǵ֮ϣħ̤㣬ļ̤
ħǵ˭ƽ丮Ļɽ󡣡
һƽħˣŭ𣬺ħǵħ˵ͳ죬Ҳħ֮ʣͳħˡ
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ħ¶֮ɫôЩ꣬˶Ҷɫ֮⣬ûж¶ЦϷЦ
ˣȥصʰɡ
ħȻҶ㹩˵øлҶ㣬ħô֮ѪҺ
ħʱ޿̶̽һʱ䣬ѾкܶħˣľѪɹ
ƾħ壬丮ֱ췽ҹ̷
˵꣬£ðһŨҵ棬ƣ֮Ȼǿ
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ȥҲǰ취Щͨʥӣһ˺ѣڷӡ
ʬǶѻɽʮ˵丮Ѿֻʣһڿ֧š
֣һ죬λתλơ
ҶλȻƶһ󷨱ҶĶɹˡ
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Ҷ˫۶ʼ⣬ǴӼǸеõģҪҶõİɫӡ֪߼١
ر񱦾죬Ȼܿ巽ԲʮֻҪκε˿ܿһ
뵶ҲһǴɣ־ǲɶõı
а֮ϣɢа֮ͨ޳ɢĺɫ洦ȻΣһһν
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ҶҪЦܿʼȡ
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Ҫǰ죬ռƣǺҹǺа֮ҹأħ˳ûĺʱʱ˺ȫռݡ
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Զ˼ʮʥӣҶ֮󣬶¶֮ɫ
򣬸㲻ΪҪ
ԪһȣʵڲףΪҪħˣԸԼš

ҶͻȻЦϵģһ仯ӣھŽٵǰˣһʱѾˣıʧȥãָҶģ
㲻򣡡
ʱҲŷӦ˾Ȼһֱ丮
ûҵȷڰǰˣծˡ
Ҷ쳹񷣬أĸˣծģҪ丮ᡣ
㵽˭丮кγԹ
߶Ϳˣһһˣ˭
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Ҷ˵꣬һö˳ȥƯ֮ϣǵȥЩˣϱڲԫʬҰǧˣ֮ͨˣ丮֮֡
ЩˣԭĺúõģΪסһʱ䣬⵽Ƿɱкδ֮Уȴ⵽ɱ
Ҷ˺ѣһĻĻȫ˵Χ۵ԽԽ࣬Ҷò۵ףҲˮʯ
ΪҶûнҩ丮ӣ⵽ĴһȺ޹ˣҶĿģȻЩ޹˱
һȺѣȻЩȣȻˣɣ
һȣΪЩ˶ȡ
ûǾѭӦˬ
ҶЦڣҲãҲãһʻ


1300 ɷ
ѣӦˬ˶Ĭˡ
ȻΪˣ飬Ƕ֮Уڱ΢Ȩκ˵˶õףƽȡ
¥ǲ֪ˣ򣿡
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СӣҪڽƱˣɣ
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дӡ
Ҷֱʩչдӡγѭһ޴ĥƯ֮ϣޱȣǰ˽ٵɼΪ֮𾪡
С
ھŽٵȻǲһɨֱӳдӡȥ
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ۣ
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Сӣ㵽˭ܽһƲĬĬ֮
һȣӶҶǰһѹ£ɲѹһɽܽҶѹ塣
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ҶĨȥǵѪԪһ˸ˡ

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Ҷչ¶ǿʵԶЩʥӷ׷¶֮ɫвкܶ˽ٵɣɳ˿ҲȺ֮Уȫ벻ҶʵȻǿᣬԸŽٵ
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ӡǹӰһײҵĻ棬ȼգȼ˿ռ䣬Χ򣬱һƬյأЩױһա
飡
ӰѣΪͣҶ岻ܿƣٴαƷɳȥ֮Ĳ࣬Ԫֲ
ҲܣӡնӰǹ֮ϣһɫӡǣŽٵɽ֣Ҷ㾹ȻЧĹֱǷ˼
СӣѾǿ֮ĩˣԹԵɣ
֣ѾϤҶı죬Ȱ˽ٵ۷壬ͻƵ˰˽ٵɣԼԶԸпܲǶ֡
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ҶʮֵȻƺˣʮɻ󣬲丮ΣǰѾ˼ɲˣҪҶ㣬ڱħߡ
һ



һǰŲҶľԽԽʱ׼Ҷ㻹ʲôɱﵡ
սˣһŽٵĵҶҲǵһˡ
˿̣丮Ѿը˹һ߽ٵɣȻħˣһ̵丮γѾþ춯ݣֱԽ˼ά
ղһһۣʮĲȣ϶߻ħΪħ
ҲǴſϧҶʣѾ򣬴Ҷ֪Ҷ㣬ҶȻ֪Ҷʲôʣѱ֪
ǰ˴ģ¾ħ죬Ӿ㲻Ҳ⵽ʿ׷ɱ
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Ҷ㾹ȻҪ丮ᣬ֪Ҷӵɱ¾֮ġ
ضأ
ֻһͬҶɷϯ֮ƣɾ֮
۷硣һ൹ħ˽£ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ѾкüŽٵڽħΧ֮£ЩʲҪĳֱ屧סŽٵɣħڳᡣ
಻ͬǾȡԷ
һ䣬巢һХȣϣ֧丮
ϧ޶ԣֻ丮ЩԴͻ˲䱻ֹһա
ԣ̰ջ޷ֵԴԵΡ
ߵҶʮ֮վгǹҵҪ̴ҶҲܵ˵ŭ⡣
˵ĶˣһҪ
֣նɱƣǻȾţ˲𣬵С˭Ϊеһš
ûʶҶ㣬Ҳû֪·ƾð
Сӣɣ
ûԥһٿسǹҶֱӺᴩҪҶһ͸
úã
߾ԼԽԽҶ㷴¶ϲɫ֮У֪ʲôʱ򣬿һöڵԲ򣬾ȻǴ빬ʦĴס


1301 쳹
߾ԼԽԽҶ㲻ϲ¶Ц⣬ǲ⻮һаЦ
ʮ룬Ҳ˲Ϣ֮飬˻δգ۵ʱߵĳǹѾҶǰ
ˮľ֣꣬
Ӹ֮УͻȻһ٣·ƾճֱ֣Ӿ֮ϣһ
ô£ҵôܶˣ
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һöڵԲ˳ȥˮľֱ˻ȥ߷Ӧʱ򣬴Ѿǰ
Ҫ
߷һĺУ˽ıըܽˡ
䣡
һڵĢƳˣղҶսõطһ׵ӣʧҶʹ֮Ư֮ϣڵӣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǿĴףȻҪҪ󡣡
Ҷǵһʹôףû뵽֮
СӣҪ˺㣡
ӵײػ¥Ĵãұʧֱӱը飬֮ϣҲǺüӣѪܡ
ϵɺ۸ǲȱȫը䣬ڵѪһ֮ɫ
дӡ

ɱһ
֮⣡
Ҷһʩչ־⣬ֱӳӺȥѾǿ֮ĩɺ۶ѣɱĺʱ
ͬһѹ¶Ȼ֮ɫԭҶһֱûˣ˿̲չʾռʵ
Ԫ۳ɺȫһεĹ֮ϣ֪Ρ
䣡
йµһ̣ӴһȳƵһҽУߵķѣԪҲ⣬Ҷ˺顣
ҶҲǸоѣһһ֮Уٴ
ҿɱħͷȻɱ˴ϣ
ɳһȣ֮УѾΪһѷ棬ټʮʥӣ׼һ֣ɱҶ㡣
ʮʥӣԳ˾ŽٵɣҶţħΧܲдԼĵơ
ʮ˳ԼҶ¶ɱ˱ֱӷ˳ȥɢɹâͻȻŴ󣬽ʮȫ֡
ͫӰ
һܵĿռޱȼ̣˵жٶȴ֪ô£΢ͻȻޱȿ񱩡
͡
Щ紵֮ϣ͵һҶûгֻ֣˷֮塣
ҵ塭
һʥӷĲҽУԼһ㱻֫⣬ܿһãĲ
̶̼ʱ䣬ѾӰ֮£ϣϣѪ
Ҷ廯Ϊһǣ˳ȥֱɱȺ֮Уֱײɱ¾֮ɱ¾һ嵽ɳǰ
ûɱ㣬ھڣ
챻һϾߣڣҶ뿪

Ҷֱʩչ˴ɳԭأ֮ì֣˲䶴塣
֮ǰɳǲţǰ޴ĿѪ֮һأȥ˫ŭ˵Ŀ
Ԫŵûһ£׼ߣҶ̫ˣֱһɱЩ˽ٵһ
ߣһ
ҶһץдӡˣԪ⽴
ʮˣ̶̼ʱ䣬˴룬ʣµˣ¶޾ľ֮ɫ׷һ
ֻһˣվԭأ˫¶ʹ֮ɫˮԾ
ɱ
Ҷûκ֮ģٴγɱȥգ֮䣬ǺüĽ£ʣֱȥ
Χ壬Ҷ֮⣬ֻһӰӣû뿪
ʦܣΪʲôҪô
Ҷ㿴һӰӣԷʹʵ
ߣɱ㣡
Ҷ˫ɺ죬ɱħ֮ıѣ˿ֻ̣ɱˣǰˣҶһֱûж֣ᰣվԭأҶɱһͬʦֵܣ档
ҵţսҲߣ
ᣬüǿȻҶ֣ںԼϡ
ң
ᰳɱ¾֮ʼҶżҵĶ
ͣ
ᰵĳ̵ҶǰһܣҶ廬˳ȥһ˿Ѫ
˿ڣҶøɺ죬ƾͷ֮ϣֻҪ£᰿϶Ƿǡ
ְɣ
ʮƽһ˿顣
ž
Ҷԥһ£ƻ£ᰵʧˣָܻƽЩŽٵɿҶɱϣЩţ˳֡
СӣҪ
һŽٵɳ˹ħ˵ľҶֱ£׼նɱҶ㡣

Ҷ˿ѾսɱһŽٵɻǽˮľףͬ鲻ܸơ
ˮľѾȥˣʱ䲻ָܻҲҲڶöˣ˿̲ߣʱ

һˣҶȻΪһɫʣħˣ丮Щˣֱʧڵҹ
һз̫죬丮ɱ¾ڼħ˳ٳٲȥϣ丮еȫնɱԺĵ̾ǵˡ
ԶһɽΪһڵӰֱ֮ڵϴڵĴŴ
ɣ
Ӿħ֮УһӰ˳Ȼᰡ
ղҶȻ£δɱǽΡ
Ϊʲôɱңɱôʦֵܣǲĳˡ
Ъ˹ղһ˭֪Ҷûɱʹ
͵úûŰɣص壬п磬ʺ㡣
Ҷ㵭˵֮УʮƽɱҲȫʧ
Ҷ㣬ٴʹһ飬һ壬ʹ
ҶܿϲԼվһˣڸǱ˳УӲߵһԳʹʹҶû޵ᰣʧԭء
Ҷ㳹ʧãȻ֪룬ʬһɽȥ
丮
սʼƽ׶ΣǵõԮܶ丮׷׸ϵһħˡ
丮ʧأʥӻĲˣĵӲʣͨӸȫû
ʮʣµҲĲȱȫֻм˻ս
ħ˷Х׷ߣΪҲûжʱˡ
˭ȻӵѪΪһϢûС
Ҷʧʣ˰²⣬ӵѪ϶ἮΪβ鲻һ
ҶĻѱ˿¼ɲᣬ׷׵ǿǵص
ܿһЩϢҶڱڳΪ˲෹̸ݣҶ֮쳹ⶼǺ󻰡
Ҷ뿪ɽ֮󣬳ڸȥΪиҪҪȥ
Ƭ
ҶĿǵȡƬ֮ȡ֮󣬹ƾ֮ܲʱϣܴһҳ


1302 ֮
ɫδħ˶ص˵磬ҶѽȥѰƬȥˡ
Ƭħ磬Ҷڵ߲ҵƬɽһͷҶҪһʱҵΪ֮󣬾ǺӣҶҪϹȥֹⳡ
ۣΪҶӵԼӸӦһ£ҵ˵ڣֲǳïܡ
ĵ粻ͬħ磬ҲǷΪö㣬ûħ˳룬ܶط˹ɹļ
һ丮ش˷׷뿪ԵÿտյҶ㻹ǲҴ⣬˰з
̵õʯ·ϣҶ䱸ħ˵㣬Ѿ뵽˵߲ңŨҶ·
ʢĵطﲻ᲻࣬Ҳᵼﲻκʱ򣬶γɼ˵ģ
Ҷһһ䣬ĵطǱ룬˹ɹĺۼԣһЩ
࣬˳ЩϺܶطĥʮֹ⻬
ηӣΪͻȻ
ҶͻȻס壬ӰгһӰסҶȥ·
丮ӣǰ鿴Ƭ
Ҷɻأ﷢ս⾪丮ĸ֡
һγȻûн丮߽⣬ѾܳΪһˣϣҲҪǧϢ
ʮʥӣʮŽٵɣϣֻһ޸丮ҪԴǧʱ䣬˵ˡ
ܣԸκ˴ɱۣ
һӰӰ˳ȻҲǰ˽ٵɣʵǳЩŽٵɣƶæžԱûʱ硣
ҶҲǿ׼ʱͻϮ£Ƭ
㵽Ǻˣٲ֪ͨͻԮȰ㻹ȥ
Ҷһ̣ػڵµӸܵһѹ֣ϣҶȥȻûҶ㡣
һöͨѶҶ¶һ˿֮ɫһԼϢй¶ڿ϶ᱻԼǲѷˡ
ͫȱ
Ҷ㼸ûκγɣֱʩչֻͫǸоʶһ㱣ʧȥ֪ΪӱҶжˡ
ʬ崦ҶӿٶȣĵطȥϢԽԽŨƺڵڰ˲ҡ
ڰ˲㣬Ҷ㿴˸صĳͬһ磬ܶཨϧЩȥ¥ա
ƬȻһϡеʯƬͬɵγƬ
һȭͷСʯ飬ɢŨ֮Ҷ㲻п֮У治УƾһСʯӵо֮ʲôʯ
Сӣɽ紿֮ɽ磬жദɽʢ֮ʯҲǳűıɽһЩⴿ֮֮һ
Ľ׸ҶʾⲢʲôʯǴ֮Ҳͨǳűɽε֮У£丮֡
֮ʲô
Ҷ㻹вףĽ׵˼ֶɽôֵĶ򣬾Ȼ˱
˵ôɶˣǸɶãҪ˴֤֮۷𡣡
Ľ׾Ȼ٩Ҷ㣬һ丮ĽҲãо˵ľ񶼷˱仯һ춯ص顣
ǰȻΪҶȣֱһΣĽ׸ϧҶ㡣
˵㣡
Ҷ°ͣûĽ׵ĺ
ⴿ֮ôҲܹ㷺󣬶ϼѱرǲ󣬴֮ԴԴϵͣҪɾҪ⡣
Ľ׼Ե˵˺ܶ࣬ⴿ֮ãһ֮ҩĳЧڶǲ󣬻벻֮
Сӣⴿ֮ҪȫЩϧˣȳȡһЩ֮ƳɵûȥǼЩСȥЧԸܸܵģ̥ǣϾⴿ֮ɽ塣
Ľ׸ҶѣôһС鴿֮Ҷδؾȫɽ磬һյģչ˵ףﻹǷ硣
ãȡ˵
Ҷ˵ͷֱӽ֮ȡʱ䣬ЩȫʧҶҲʧԭء
˿̵丮һƬ꣬ʮ˵ţֻʣ²һˣվڷϣһ쳤Х
Ҷ㣬һ巢ģһҪʬΡ
һҹĵ飬Ҷڱھû·ƾð
ͻȻ֮䣬丮Ͽջ۵һʧɽЩҲߣ֮γһˮأƬкܴĹϵ
Ƭʧˣ﷨仯ԽԽϡѾʺ
˭˭Ƭ
ʮֱӳ˳ȥ׼סȡƬˣϧȵǸϵµʱѾʧӰ١
ɽű٣㹻Դпָܻ
ɢѷΪٽһĵطѾʺ޽ˡ
һҶΪ丮ĸ
һʹļ׵˵丮Ѿ䵽زƬˣ̸θˡ
λϣǶ丮ҳ˵Ĵ䵽ǵϣ丮ӺʧȻﲻʺϽţǾڿٳһ飬ҾͲţŵĺҲһ֮ء
˿̲֮ʱȡ丮ָӳ顣
ûЩ丮Ҳвٲҵڶõˡ
˸ͣ丮Ӫ꣬Ϊű٣ܸ𣬸ǧ꣬һȫָ
ʵЩҶ뵽ˣǽ丮˾նɱȻǲܵģǧ֮Ҷ㲻֪ɳʲôزˣʱ丮ָҶҲһֻ϶ѡ
һεɽҶ㲼˴󷨣óԻͼֱ˽ȥ
ʱ䣬ҶҪǳĶ࣬һ飬֮ȡ֮ٴηʱ䡣
ڶ飬ܽһЩɱ¾֮Ʒʡ
ΪΪҶɣ֮֮Ҳ֮ܿ
Ľ֮ҶǧöÿһŶǾӨ͸ɢĴ֮ҩѩɫͨīɫҩͬ
Ҷ̷һԣҩ壬һ˿֮֫ٺҶоԼǳԣϵ߲磬ȹâ
һľ磬֮ϣͻֲʺһĶɫԽޣ֤ԽŨԽҶѾ߲ɫԳš
߲ս֮УҶͨģ֪ͼı죬ӶԼˡ
ϥ£Ҷ㿪ʼմ֮һգһһ߲
˿̵ĺ¼壬ǳæµˣ󲿷˶æµĸ˾ͽ


1303 С
˿̵ĺ¼壬æĲɿ֮󣬾Ǹ˾ͽӣһæµ
丮ϢѾ򣬵ȻҲ˺¼Ķ
Ҷֳ׻ˣĵĪں¼ȻԼŮ˭Ҷ丮ҲпǺ¼塣
˾ͽѾüޣҪ˵϶ܣֻӲͷƤⳡеףϣҶ˼
Ժ䣬һݵӰԺ֮Уŵ÷һֱڷ˿оʹС
С㣬Ѿˣǽȥɣ
ߵѾ߿ӣҲȻᡣ
ϼ˵𣿡
ͻȻڣͻȻߵϼʵ
С㣬ϲ㣬һġ
ϼСźȻϣСһԼϲˣǼ޸˾ͽ¹
Ҳҵġ
˵꣬վӣȥһɫëƤʮ־º䣬кܴĹϵ
һʱȥˣҶ㽫֮ȫգתϢͬ㣬ڲϵζ
໥ڣ໥ֽ⣬ͷҶﲻϵת
ΪΪˣˡ
ҶͻȻЦڲ֮ĺģȻ֮ʲôΪ򣿺ΪȻˡ
һ˿˿֮Ҷϳ֣ȻǺ֮ǧ֮ף
ʲô㾹Ȼǧ֮ף
ĽǱ˲ȵβֱͣɶߣЩţҶֱ֮֮֮ͨӲ˴֮
ⲻǴ֮ӦСˣĴ֮ƹ飬ҪܲѲݡ
ǧĽʱѾҶúõһΣɽ磬磬֪ܶʶҶ㳬̫̫ͬࡣ
˵ĲԶʱڳֹһ֮⣬δֹһЩ֡
Ľ飬Ҳ򣬴ǣ˴׵ĳ֣һ֣⵽ݡ
ΪԿ˵Ҳ⣬ֻء
ҸղŲһ̣ƺ֮ͨУ·𿴵ҵǰ
ҶüͷҲΪȷ˵СΪԼˡ
㿴ʲô
Ľ׶ҶҲʮֺ棬һСӣڶ̶̼ĹߵĵزЩתҲ
Ҷأκ˶㲻·ûһ㣬ʮ֮ǰļȫʧνҲȫ֪
һƬ磬ףͬһѾ޿ڡ
Ҷµ˵Լ˾ȻһƬ磬κζһҶۣڻ纣ϲϵĳ
СӣֻҪ㲻ϵŬһ죬ܣСǧҪ׵ʩչΪһ˵ֻ˵ˣ֮ܲ
Ľƺ뵽ЩʲôиԣҪǧ֮ףֻ˵˲
κ˶ˣԼԴʧ˺üԪܲ
Ϊ˭մпƹ飬Ϊһͳǧ硣
СҲ͸ղһ̣ҷ˫۾ڶңȻǼ󣬵ʵʵĸܵˡ
Ҷ˵ͷղͻƵһ̣ƺضΪ֮һΣ˫۾ϣҪ
ԣܲʩչС
Ľǻָһ˸߲ҵӣҶԽǿָҲڲϵ̡
ôʩչ
Ҷ˵һԼͷĻĽ׸ֱ˵ڵϣҶ׵ˡ
һ£Ҷ㿴˺ܶˣһ£߲ܻΪһ̸
ñῪδؾͶԭ
ż̫£磬Ҳû˶
Ľ׺ָܿҶϣŰο
ٴα˳ҶԣܲܲһЩڲ֮Ҳܴ򿪵һҳˡ
óȻҶ㿴ĿⲻһˣӲС֮󣬶˶һе
һ˿˿֣֮֮֮ȻҲ֮ע뵽֮УǺɫһ棬ͻȻһƣһҳƺЩɶ
Ҷʶ˽ȥǻȪƵľ֮дԣ൱ƹ˵
ǧ磬ʧȥ˴Ψһһܲ͸ıҪն⵽֮ɣԳΪһ֮
ڵħ֮дݳʱ䣬Իͼ֮У޾ħնȾˡ
ЩħҺڰԻͼ֮УϾԻͼģĿռ䲻ɽ硣
Щħ⣬솴ǶҪȾħ硣
ҶʶƺһƬڵ磬ħ磬ͨĵһƯҶǰ
ͣ
Ҷоʶˣֳֵһ̣ʶܿƣֱ˳Ҳ˲ϣôһ˲䣬Ҷͻ᳹ױС
ڤ򣡡
Ҷղ֣ǳڤ֣֮ħ磬޾ڤ
زڤ
Ľ׻ҶļϣҶҲһ䡣
֪ˣ
ҶʶĽʵ
֪ǻȪĴ󽫣ƹܣҲһŻȪ۵ʧزڤҲһʧˡ
ĽһͣܶҲ֪١
ԭˣҶ
ʲô
ĽڴҶʲôħܲǿͳħ硣
ѾһЩħ֮
Ҷ˵ͷƾħһˣͲһЩָһһħֳˣƯ֮ϡ
ʲô
Ľ׿ƾһ֣ܴʲô
ʱ֪ˣʱ䲻ˣȥ磬Ƭħˡ
ҶһӣûиĽףʱȻͻ֪
ڰԻͼ֮д˶ʮ죬Ҷܽƻ棬ǻڻˣڳ⵽˱Լɱ¾֮㳹ɡ
ٴαǣѾƽƷĿռ䡣
廯Ϊһй⣬Ҷʧԭأȥħʮ˵ľѪѾչһʮֲֿ֡
Ҷ㵽ħԽӴߵڣһεжջħˣõƬ丮ĹȻҶ㡣
óƬҶŻ˵£ҶѾʣµƬѾûжôˣֱӻħ塣
ʱ䣬ٴαʼħҲ׵õ
СӣԺкδ㣿
丮ʧˣҶҲҪ뿪ħ˾ȻЩᣬΪǴҶŵһϤζζղܡ
ħ벻뿪ĵطȥ
ҶͻȻ¶һ˿аЦЦĳħʵ


1304 ħ
ҶǵЦ⣬úħЩڣǾЦݱ̫ı档
ڿЦħһ壬ͬħ壬ܼ⣬Ҫȥ̸ס
ħεοƣ汲ֻڵ¡
ǰһᣬֻҪǿϰһ飬Ҿ뿪¡
Ҷ㴾գ˵ħЩץˣȻĺ¡
ʲô飿
ħȲʵ
ܼ򵥣һˣҪҳѹһЩ˼ɣҪȶԸ丮򵥶ˣӦҿ뿪£⣬õħϴ񡣡
ҶͻȻ֣ϵЦ⡣
ãҴӦ㣡
ħȻûκԥֱӴӦҶ㣬丮飬ħ֪ҶֶΣҪЩϹŶҪ
ˬ죬һ£
Ҷźħˣȥ˿ǰ죬ߵѨ֮׷ͣסӣǽħܲסչⱩɹ
˺
Ҷħ˺󣬶ǳһͷ֡
˶Ľħ߲ܶཀྵʶ
ͷЩףղŵ̸ǲԲ֪ҶҪʲôʵʵߵҶǰ
ҶͻȻһ䣬ܵ··𶼲˱仯Ҷ˫ֿʼӡܿһڵħֳˡ
ħһнħ֮ͻȻȫڵأʼҵĲʮ־¡
ͻĳҶ㵹û뵽ħΪμħ˺£
ûЩħˣҶֱӽħִʵ棬߷һХɸһϵĶ
Щħ׷վħʧѹҲ֮ʧһűҶѡеĽʣϵϢԽԽɢħ֮
𣡡
ͷʷһУۿɼٶȣһİëʮˡ
ʮָıǣָ׿ǴĿģ·һܽռ˺ѣַĳ̶ȣη
ħϴ񣡡
ģ⾹Ȼħ֮
üͷħУЩţħֺö֣Ѫħħħħ񣬶ħ֮еһ֡
ħ񣬻Ȫۣħʼ档زڤħ󽫣һħ֮£ħ֮ϡ
üʱ䣬ͷʲƽϢҪȸղŸ߳һԴըԵôԽܵǣղŻ߽׽ʣת֮䣬Ѿﵽ˰˽ס
ʶ˵ֱӹڵأҶĸͷħǣֻлߣܽǡ
ĸͷĵģҪܴͣϢԴҶĽżϣֻħŶǡ
ȥ԰ɣ
ģ棬ƣҶýʳȥԡ
ԥ֮ɫʲΥҶ־³ȥҲ޷ˣڶཀྵʡħУֱ뿪˶ڣȥ
еħ˶ҴһעӱҶעħֵĽʡ
ʮ֮һ䵽֮ϣʼʱ򣬽ЩӦ֮󣬱ܵ˶㡣
ܿ죬û˵鷢Ҳٴǰһ壬©֮¡
𣡡
ʿʼ˷ܵԾһһ²ϵıܣɽּ䡢СϪ䡢ɽСľвϵıܣһյʱ䣬Żص˶Ѩڴ
صӪУȻҶ㶥ĤݣҶ㣬ֱȼħҪš
Сӣôħ֮
ħһˣǰСӣǱϿô򵥣Ȼħ֮ƾħ֣ܿħ塣
ħֽղͷ֮Ҷ㷢ָһ˿ϵϵʮƺڸҶ㣬Ըͷʻ޷˵κ顣
ͺñȾ֮Ĺϵ
㲻֪ôѾˣӦҵһħϴ񡣡
Ҷʵ֪ʲôħǺħ˵Ϊһ򵥵ħ֣ħֿ϶ħйأֻҶû뵽Ȼϵ֮
˵һӴԺħĲǲ⡣
ҶħĴˣ˵Ժ˳Ҷ㶼пܡ
Ҷ϶ʱ¶ϲɫôһֻӴħ˾ӣҪǴȥǺɨˡ
ҶҲֻѣħÿһʩչҶ㶼о궼ҪˣħˣҶʮʱ䣬Ҳÿħ˶ܵõϴ
һ£Ҷһʱ䣬ֻ̻ܿʮħ֣ѾǼˣҶһδʮħ뿪
ЩԺ˵֮⣬ڰѡλħһȥ£죬죬һһɡ
Ҷ㳯ħ˵ʱǺ˾ͽ¹ӣ¼壬·̾Ҫһʱ䡣
棬ȥ
һͷħֱںħĽűߣﻹнħӣһ꺢ͯһ㡣
ȥ
ȥ

ЩħħϰͷħҶֻҪʮͷ˭ܰȥԿ磬ܵõħʵϴ顣
Ҷ㣬˵¾Ų㣬õһдħǰ֮£ֻҪԳǩʽˡ
ȫƾûߺŵĿܣнħ֮ͬ󣬳ǩʽʼˡ
һٶͷħ׼õ棬ȡ룬¼ͨǻһ̭ʧȥᡣ
һ
鵽Ľħ˷ܵĺڵ¾ŲصĴЩ鵽̭ģǴͷɥ׷ߵҶǰȴϣܵõҶʹ͡
þŽ׽ħĦҲֻҶһˡ
Сʱʱ䣬Ÿڳ䶨ħһվҶߡ
ˣȥȸħ˳ȥԺлᣬһħˣһϴ񡣡
ħĸҶ㣬ȻƺҶΪħˡ
ҶҲûֹھ£һֻܽʮħ֣žԽߣһǧħҲ⡣
Щħ˴ͷɥ뿪ˣ֮ǰֿ֮Ҷ㶼Щ̣ħֶǾȻôջ
¾ŲֻʣʮͷħҶһˣϵЦ⣬Ҷ㿪ʼӡһħֳˡ
ȽϴǺħħֽһ̣ħûͷһУסͣϵѪһ¡ȫѪǣһװ׵ëէһһëʬ
Ӷһħϴ񣬵ʮħȫע뵽ʱҶоһΣܿסħ˴򽻵ҶҪСģ˭֪ǻ᲻ػġ
ҶҲڶģħһǰ¼壬·һƴ˿ԼһŽٵɣ뻢ڡ
ʮħͣҶİȫҲдı֤
ʼʱҶ㻹ɣħħ֣᲻֮ģɱԼħֵ֣ģȫǶģħĲ֮ͬ
ħ徴ħ񣬵ħһѾҶ㵱ħһħ壬ôԼ档


1305 
ûʱϢʮħ֮ҵһЩΣǼ򵥵װһȥ̫ĺ䶯
ñӣ·˸ͷ֮߳ܶ⣬ʲô
ʮħҶһˣ솴֮ϣҶרѡһЩϡٵĵطΪ˱ⱻ丮˷֡
ôҲб޻丮Թ˲ϾΪѾ˿ʼ丮⣬ҪԴæ̣ﻹʱ˼Ҷ㡣
¼壬죬Ժӣϰæµױ׼¡
С㣬ʱˣ°ɡ
ϼЩʣµҶ涼û¶˵丮Ѿȥʱ䣬ҶӦøϵˣΪλǰСһ뿪
ʮֻе˰Ūϴɫ£Ϳ֬죬˿ϧ֮к޹ʡ
С㣬Ư
ױ֮ЩѾ߶֮̾ò
ѻݣ¶Ũ˲쳾
ͻȻ¶һ˿ЦͭԼ࣬˼˺ѷεʹ
ЩѾߣֻܾĿźҲĳˣС˵飬ҶΪ˼壬Ȼѡӡ
С㣬Ҫˣʱˣǳɣ
ϼźĸ첲Ϸڣȥ
¼ΪԲһЩţ壬׷ǰףأ˾ͽ壬һϾʹ˴ĺ˾ͽ¹ɫźİޣ󲽵Ŀ¼塣
˾ͽһǧˣһεķǳأŽٵ棬ʮ
룬һ׼׵˾ͽ廹к¼ϲ׷ֻǿʼ
˾ͽ¹վڴ봦һЦ⣬ܱ󲻶ϵĴк»ӣףһ˽ӹһˡ
ʱ
˾Ǵһܵʱѹȥ˽Ŀⶼۼ˴һ࣬һ˵Ĳ֮£߳
˾ͽ¹תӣҲǱ߿˹ȥһ̣鲻ԽһҺȻҲò
¹֣иȢһˡ
Զ˷Цò
վڳ룬վұߣ˾ͽ¹վߣ˲ţһ׵ĺº죬˾ͽǺ¼˾ͽ
ʱѵʼأ
֮еʮּ򵥣ֻҪأ˸ĸɣ˫ͽΪ򸾡
İɣһṼġ
˾ͽ¹תӣźǾգ仰˵ЩΥġ
ûκα飬޶ԣʱ꣬ûκεãģһֱû䡣
ǣ˾ͽ¹Ҳһ׼ء
ݿʼ
˾ٴθߺһȫվǹأŷأǾ
׼õͯͯŮŽ޵ʻ͵˾ͽ¹кһߵ׼õʥ̳ǰʥˮϴǳɹ
ݣ
˾ʾ⣬˿Կʼˡ
˵ĶˣŮһԣЩȲף˵Ķ档
ºһЦ⣬Цݱ̫Ŀɬ
˾ͽһģˣҲǴŨЦ⡣
ʱ䣬죬ʽʽʼһʥ̳ȥ
Ϲ
ߵʥ̳ǰ˾Ǹߺһ˾Ϲݲʽʼ
ȵȣ
˿Ҫ׼Ϲһ̣һˣ߽һ꣬˭Ҳ֪ôġ
ߺˣΪҪֹ񣡡
˾ǴһϾҪɹȴһȴϡ
ⳡȡˣвɵˣȫȥ
Ȼ˰ԵΪܶκһûкøУ˻⣬峹׻
תԴϤףϤЦݣǾȻЦˣһ˻ϲϲĿĿ֮УȻ˸
ˣܿˡ
Ҷû˾ǵĴУҲûᣬЩ˻񣬾Ȼ߹ȥ
ֻҪˣͲ
֮УֻڶԻȫ˵ȫˡ
һɴ̹ǵɱ˾ͽ¹ɢԼŮˣȻ˴Σôܵס
Сӣ˭Ҷ˾ͽ¹Ů˶֣ڡ
˾ͽ¹˵һƳҶ£ޱȣһƽҶ
ղŴ˾ǵӣҶ㣬һ·ٷУڸˣͲһʽҪɡ

Ҷ趯һǿ֣˾ͽ¹һͱƷɳȥ
˾ͽһɣڳ˴ʧɫ˵˭ΪҪͻȻ壬ⳡ
Ҷ㣬丮Ԫף
˾ͽվҶһ̣һע⡣
Ҷ˾ͽ˹ȥһ˵ĺâ
˾ͽΪ˽ⳡ˾ͽɷѿģӪ˲˰ɡ
ҶҲûзԼòͱ˿ӡݣ㱻ʶҲ
Ҳ˵ʲôʲôӪ˲ꡣ
˾ͽһҶѾԽЩϹŶһЩˣʼע
һͻס
Ҷ¶аЦѹͲˣֱǣźȥ
ߣİȫͽˣһë֪
߽һӣñӣòǻϢƣڳٴһ
ǣӣ
һθҶʮħҶӴС򣬸ղŽߣƺҲħıɹӣϾ硣
һٶôٴ𺳣ŽٵɵĸֳƺҶΪӣѵҶ㱳һ
Ϊͷ˶ûг֣Ŀ̬չ¼嶼ĬˣǾַĸо
ʮվߵߣҶȥص˴λãɨһȦɤӡ
¼ðǰʧ֮¡
ȻҶʮֲϲº죬ڶԷǺĸףҶ㻹ǡ
ҶӸһĽ͡
ºҲûףҶһˣ丮ħ˵оŽٵΪúº첻òҶ㡣
͵ȻУֻϣ¼һЩɵȥǺ¼˾ͽ飬˶뿪ˡ
Ҷ㻹Ǿ仰òɵ뿪
Ҷ㣬ҪΪ丮˲ˣħ˵Ĺͣ㲻ʹƶѡ
һ峤ȥˣǰ죬ħ˲ܰҶ㣬һŽ׻ΣڳʮŽٵɡ
ϰˣҲڿˡ
ҶɨӣȻҲǾŽٵɣһҶҪȥʮֲ
ϣ
ʮħվ߾͵Ⱥ򲻼ˣҶԸֱӳ˽ͬһֱֻ峤ǰ


1306 
˭Ҳ벻Ϊ峤ȳҶ㣬ɱֶΣò˵սľ
ɣ
ͬǾŽٵɣ峤Ȼϰ˲̫ˣħϴǵľӽɾĵز
ƾҲɱң
峤Ҳһݽɫȭͷһ趯ϰ˺ɨȥ
꣡
ֱ۸ϰ˽Ӵһ̣һȻԼ۶ϣŽٵɣײ۶ֱۣ⼸ǲܵ顣

峤һҽУоֱײһɽ棬ȫı۰ǿķ򣬲ѡ
̫ˣ
ϰ˵ˣȴСƣ峤Դץ˹ȥޱȣٶȫӵУͬǾŽٵɣྐྵȻ֮
꣡
ԴһѪֱ絽컨ϣڵ䵽ľƲ棬ѪȾ˺ɫ
һз̫죬ô˼άδӦ峤ͱ˺塣
̵ģѪǳġ
ϰ˰ƷֱڣѪȻǳģͷʬ˳ȥ
ħ壡
ʱһţҶ㾹Ȼħ˵أǿ丮У˲ĥӰ죬뿪磬϶Შ
˿̣ǳˣĳں¼塣
Ҷ㣬㾹Ȼħ壬Ը࣬Ϊ
һվӣȳҶ㣬Ȼħ壬ѾΥ淨
Ҷֱӳӿ˹ȥɨʱӾȻԾһ޷Ҷ
ûǵȷħ壬û˺޹ˣ಻ȥɱǣôɱ࣬ڵ£ڵϡ˵һЩҪħ岻ֲ֪ٱҪЩķǵǿٱ
Ҷ㼥һ䣬Щħӯˣվǵϡ
죬Ҷ㾹ȻħףΪҶ˵Ĳ಻ȥ£ħɱࡣ
ǽƱ磬ħħ壬ǳ⣬Ѫôܸȡ
峤첱ӣʣٹȣʳ˼̻ħϲѪħ
Ȼ򣬶˲¹ͷжħ壬޴أŻռ̣Ҳ飬ǴȻȨԣκ鶼ƽȵġ
ҶռȻڣûħ֣֮ԼĶ壬˵ǧ磬ǧ˭˭ӣǧ֮УǺܿǰ
ǿʶħ壬磬ѵҲħͷ
ֱӸҶһñӣħͷ
ǷǷйۣǲ뿪һᵶۣݹûǡ
Ȼǲ뿪Ҷɱ֮С

Ҳ֮ˣҶ丮Ŀħ˴ѵҲҪ˺¼壬ǿɲرħ˿Դĳûǵ߸ǵ֪
գۼĹ򣬴ˣҲ˲Ȼԭء
ں¼˾ͽ壬ûһ뿪ΪǴϲӣȴҶƻ
Щ֮󣬴Եÿտյ˾ͽ¹ҲѹվһԣһԹ֮ɫ
Ȼ͸Ҷ棬ϧҶ㵱ʱʱ򣬾ͼüΡ
֪Ҷ㴳ԼĻ˾ͽ¹ϱϣϽɱ˴ˡ
ˣ˵ȶ뿪ˣǸ̸ˡ
ҶҵһӣҡڵԼˡ
ٵĿ⣬ˢˢľۼҶһϣȣĽʣɱ⣬һҪҶ㳹û
Ƕɣסڣһ̿ʼ׼κ뿪
ҶǺܴ󣬵ܴȥ
ǣӣ
Ӵ֮⣬߽ӣһʮָߴϢȻҪϰ˻Ҫǿ
ʮŽ׽ħ
𾪵ֱվôǿҶôģЩħƺ֮ǰһսʵղžֳͬǾŽٵɣȻһоͱħɱ
ʮħվһţ֮⣬£˶¶ݣɺ촽ЩͲסˡ
ɱˣǻδԹȲı顣
Ҷӣʲô˼ѵҪǺ¼𣿡
ºסˣҶʮħ֪滹ûУҲ򣬿ƣҪ¼塣
ˣҽ첻ǻ¼壬ȡ
Ҷҡҡָûúº˵ȥΣҶڶʮħȻϲռƣ˭֪Ҷ㻹ûк֡
Ǻ¼壬Ӻ˵𣿡
ºһͷˮҶͿˣ¼ںúõģΪҪȡ
Ҷ˵ףСŮӣҶӲûһĽͣǺ¼δ档
º켸ҪŭǿһǼɵҶ㣬ڶҶԵ޹ʵǰⳡ
ڵĵλʵȫԽߣûбҪĵʴʡ
һɻ֮ɫҶȻˣҶ˺¼壬ۡ
¼ܸҺ¼壬ΪҪѡʱǵȵһ֮󣿡
ҶЦеʵ֮ǰʱ䣬϶ǳʲô顣
Ǻ¼飬ҶֵģǺ¼嵹Ҳ壬ģҺº컶ӭ
¼ɫһ䣬ƺЩ鲻Ը͸¶
㲻˵Ҿ˵
ҶվٴɨһȦ˾ͽϡ
¼壬ĳ壬ʮһ겻һ꣬ԭ㣬һ¼Դ⵽˷Ѿ벻
ڶ֮Уֲг֮ԽԽ࣬ͨ˾ͽԼĵλ¼˵ûɡ
Ҷ·һƽ飬ڳ֮˶ɵӣ¼Ŀá
˵ĲǺ¼ȻǰձҶҪƾЩħǺ¼壬ƺ
ºɫʱǺܺã˽˰̣˭ﶼԼŮΪ롣
¼ȱż¶ۣҵĻû˵꣬ѵͲ֪˭ԭں¼򣿡
ҶͻȻ¶Цݣ˴ҵߣҲѴҵ
˵Ǻ¼飬ݲ
¼ɫԽԽѿƺԸἰ
һΪңһȺصĺˣǺ¼岻Ƕֻ֣˿ɡ
Ҷ̯̯֣Ǹ߹˺¼ԭҲһ֮ˣԼʧܡ
˾ͽˡðһ䣬֪¼Ǳռ죿
Ҷ㻰ͻȻһתȻ˾ͽʵ
Ǻ¼飬ô֪
˾ͽֱӰ֣һŽٵɣ߽ٵʣѾ˳ʮħſڣҶͱ˺Ƭ
ðɡ
Ҷ⡰ðɡϵϳŻЦݣ⻰˼˸档


1307 ֤֤
ҶĻ˴һϢƺ˾ͽ֪顣
Ҷ㣬ʲô˼
Ȼ˾ͽɫ΢΢һ䣬źȳϾһʣһ顣
ʲô˼Ӧñκ˶
Ҷ㻹̸Цʲô鲨ղŻʺ¼ˣǹͷ׼˾ͽ
ȻҶ˾ͽʱ򣬺ºʶһЩ飬տڲ
Ҷ㣬֣һֱʴʣ㵽Ǻ⣬ħռ̣Ҳ塣
˾ͽͻȻһ䣬ŽٵɵֱͷųһԲϣֱӳֵ˼
ܼ򵥣ĳЩ˼˵
ҶҲĿģһǴߺ£ڶ˳㽫һЩҲһæ
Ҷ㣬ѻ˵˾ͽ塣
˾ͽֲɵӣȻܿҶһֱɳӰû˵˼Ѿԣ¼ԴԼĪĹϵ
˵Ļ˾ͽĲ֪¼ǺΪ
Ҷ˶ȡϾţȣһֱ·˫ȿҪˡ
һкһħ˹ĹҶǰȡ
һһɶߵħˣ°ĦӾѾ˳ˣ֪˵ʲô
찡𣿾Žħ˰ఴĦǲǻС
һǰ쳤̾ȫţԼһ⣬ֽʵʹУѹⲻΣʵʵ
ֱӰҶһۣţãȻ˼ܡ
Ҷ㣬ˣҪ˾ͽ¼ˣʹ˱ӵֶΡ
˾ͽͻȻЦһж˵ҶΪˣŴ¼壬һе
̫߿˾ͽˣԣҲ⽫˾ͽһγ
Ҷ˵꣬һǿϢڽµĽħʼܲסҶϵϢ
ÿĿΪƾʮħ˾ܲ˾ͽ壬ֱǿЦ丮ӦϣΪжôǿ󡣡
˾ͽԵʱĳ˽һҶƻ丮ɽ󣬲ħлɳˣдػ⵽Ĵ
˵Ĳ丮ȷʵǽңǽ죬ҳ֣˾ͽ壬뿪
Ҷ㻰һתֳȻڽűߵϾŶվ׼ս
Ҷӣˣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôֱ˵
¼һ̲סˣҶһֱ߾˻ȥôҵȵʮֱ
ðɣȻʮڴҾ͸һϲڸϲ֮ǰϣ¼˴ѡ
Ҷ㿴һۺº죬ϣһ¡
İɣ¼ķһʱܿ
ºҲʶԣҶ㲻޹ʷʸˣɴߣΪһС£óȻܵ¼
ȿöҾˣǣ˭˭˭ڲٿغĸ֣һж
Ҷ㿴ʱˣóӵ֮ϣʱ䣬룬һĻȻһ
֮Уˣһ˾ȻҶ㡣
ҶʦܣĲ˵ǣ㣬й¶ȥҡ
ʦֵĻȻڹĻ֮УҶ㵱ո̸龰
ҶգƣһֳֵһĻڳˡ
һöڳ˳ױưͣһļžرǺº죬ʶʲôֱӿ˷Ҷ˵죬˭Ҳ뿪¼塣
ʱ䲻ǺܳҲһʱ䣬м¼飬˴۾رǺ¼壬ŭĿ࣬˾ͽˣϵձù
˾ͽǲǸøһĽ͡
ºһ֮ɫ¼Ҷʦе̸˾ͽ丮֣¼Դ
º죬㲻СƵСϷɣȻ߼޻ǰ¼ƺõģҵĹϵ
˾ͽʮƽȻ˵Ҷ䣬һУһһͣҪ֮Ĺϵ
˾ͽĽͣº¶ԥ֮ɫȻҲ޿ܣҶǹˣҸݵ˫ɣȦס
źºԥӣҶҡҡͷ׶Ժºʧˣѹֺ¼įûк׳־˵ǿӲֶΣֻһζίȫŵº¼һΪĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ㣬㵽Ǻ⣬Ҫ֮Ĺϵǰһݺ˾ͽ壬ħ˰Ҳ뿪
˾ͽȷѣҶһȣ˾ͽ˷׷վҶΧм䡣
¼˼أ
Ҷû˾ͽˣǳ¼ʵĵ̣ҶҪȫˣҪõ¼İ
Ҷӣƾһżܴʲôó֤𣿡
ºȷʵԥˣȻ٣ҶĿʲô򵥵֮Ĺϵ
Ȼȷʵ֤ʲô֤֤ȫȫˣҿ˾ͽν͡
Ҷϵ˻һƺ׼
뽫֤֤
ºҲʶԣҶϽ֤ó
֤֤˾ͽ￩һ£ǴеĿǳĻᣬźֻ̨Ҫһɣ
˭֪δɣҶɱ˳ֱӴ˻
ʮȥ˶Ҵ
ҶԸһ䣬ʮ˳һץˣ˿оֱӶ˴֮С
ϣ㡭
һ˾ȻǺ¼ϣʮһ˵ϡ
߳ϣʮϡ
һˣ¼ռϣ˾Ȼ˾ͽˣҲǾŽٵɣϧ˷Ϊ˿һ
Ҷ㣬㵽ʲô˼ΪҪǺ¼峤ϡ
ºЩˣϿǺ¼ȻҶϳΪ
¼԰꣬һȻ֪
Ҷȫ˼ЩɱһΪˣȻ˾ͽϡ
˵ɣ֪һһʮ˵һῼǽΪǡ
Ҷӣ˴ջʵϣԼ˵
Ҷ㣬㲻úΪʧȥˣôָܻ
ϷĺУղŻڼ壬ͱҶץ˹
кѣ
Ҷָһ㣬ϵΪȻĻָˣѵĵ޸оȫ޸ϧܶҶ˵
ֶΡ
ڳ¶Ϊȵı飬ȫţΪˣ޸
ܵȵԪ¶ԥ֮ɫʧȥΪȷΪһ֮ѣһʧȥӴʧȥɵʸ
˵ˣֻҪԭԭ˵ҿԻָǵΪ
Ҷ˵һ룬ͻȻͣ˵һעҶ㡣
ʲô
˵ǣ˶¶֮ɫ
ֻΪָֻܻˣ˭ĻشԲ⣬Ȼ˭ָ
Ҷ¶Цݡ


1308 ȷѪ
ˣ˶ʱ׷Ҷǰﻹһ˿ǿ߷緶
˵˵ָֻҵΪ
˾ͽһϣҶĽżǰֱ
˾ͽ¶ŭ֮ɫ˾ͽĳϣȻһͷֱܴ衣
˵˵
¼ĳҲ˹ȿֺҪشҶ⣬ӶܵõΪָʸ
Լ˵ɣֻҪ⣬ȻԻָǵľ硣
Ҷɷӡ
Բ𰡣ұɻģŴ⣬˾ͽ壬ҪŽ֮գλⶼҵĴһλᣬһ
ϲϵĿͷºԭ¡
ºһƨϣЩţ쾹ȻһıŻ֮λ
ԲҲǲѣ򿪲ԴͻȻ˴ˣϵΪѾع⣬Ǽռ¼Ѿȫй¶
˾ͽһҲǴſߵҶ֮ԵڲŸȥһ˻ǣƣϢѾɢȥò˶ã򶼻֪
Ȼ˵º¶˿˿ɱڱ䣬˾ͽռǺ¼Դ˫شúº㱩ߡ
˾ͽɫҲһƬ࣬ĳ¾ȻͨԼĳ˵
ͻȻһ¼˾ͽΪɣЩû뿪ˣ˵һߡ
Ѿˣ˾ͽ丮ռݺ¼򣬶¼ڲѱصĸʴһͱλ
˾ͽƥڻкλҪ˵ȻŴ֮ʣ׵߸Һ¼壬ϻӴԺ󣬺¼御֡
ºһһٵ˵֮У޾ɱ飬ȻڹôãҶͻȻɱ֪
ƥ򣬼Ȼ֪ˣҲڣѾҵˣֻҪһ£ͻƽ
˾ͽҲأȻ˺Ƥͽƻǰɡ
ȿȣ˼Ҵһ¡
໥ִҶͻȻɿȼֱӴ̸֮
С֣Ҫ˵ʲô
˾ͽֱŭҶС֣Ҷһ޾ɱ
˸㣬ں¼尲ŵߣѾγˣҵ֮УֻжʮŽٵɣʮ𣬺¼ʮΪжʤ㡣
˾ͽʮŽٵɣղŽʱҶͨˮѾʧȥս
Ҳɣ׼Ҷ϶֣Ҫ̫ˣѹ벻˻ھˮ
Ϻ¼ڲ˲ӦЩԵ߸¼塣
ӸղҶѾ֪¼Щ˭ɳʮħϵƣֻǴѡ
ûʮħҶһ˸޷󲿷񣬶ǽħɣҶ㣬ֻǳıߡ
ղΪʧãҲ֮еһ֣ƻľҶҲǲŴĦǺǰԶԸ
ΪŵʮŽٵɣƾǼ֪ȫΪһš
˾ͽŲţҶڣʮƽûд򶷵ĺۼΪҶѡ
ٻһ
Ҷƣʾٻ
˾ͽţóһöӣﴵ죬ʱ䣬¼塣
ʵӣ͸ǿнƣ޷ֵ׵Ĵ
Хȥʮʱ䣬һţû˴·ʲô鶼ûһ
˾ͽסˣϱ죬ƺʲô
˾ͽõķϣ־ܰɣȫû
º컹ǲϣһսԱ˴˶ʮֲ˾ͽˣ¼Ҳ⵽ش
صǣ˾ͽ廹һ棬ǿˣЩˣ϶ưոݣõİ취Ǻͽ⡣
µкͽĿ
ߣº죬Ȼ鵽һҲǺ¼ȷǸ丮ռ죬ҪˣЩ˶ưոݣ϶ܾˣҪˡ
Ȼ˾ͽ˵꣬¼˶ĬˣɱǣȻԽޣ˾ͽ
ҶĿ⿴Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣬ϣܸһĴ𰸡
ĿҶ㣬û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ֪Ϊļô࣬Ҷ㣬ԼѳΪ˾ͽ¹Ľ¼壬ҲΪ˾ͽĸӹ
¼岻Ҷǳ֣ҹһˣĺΪңǣ㷭ҲκβңΪһй¶Ϣ϶ᱻɽ緢ֱ֣Ӵߡ
ҶƺҲڵѺ¼塣
Σҳһ֣й¶Ϣɽͻ֪ʱݣֱӴɽ֮С
û治׳֣һ֣ͻй¶Ҫѹƾ磬Ǻ¼ȫ塣
¼һϷӦѹƾ磬Ǿǰ벽ˣǺ¼岢ȱ
벽ˣѾӵһЩֶΣǸ˻һĲ࣬ȾŽٵǿö౶
˾ͽһһ󣬱˵˼ɫܲÿΪ˵ûѾƬߵĴڣɽɷ˴ڣ־ͻᷢ仯
˾ͽʮʱ䣬ԹԵ־ܣһῼһ
ºһо˶øߴ٣ƺһͷͨһΨΨŵŵԼŮΪ룬ľһֱԲ
ͨ飬ľ˱仯ʧѾõļٴλع顣
ڻ㣬ߡ
һ壬ûмǻȨֻҪڣһжԻָһȫ˾ͽԻΪ壬Ҳ֧Ų˼ꡣ
˵˭Ҳ뿪
Ҷģһ˿ĸ顣
ʮħ֮⣬ֱ˳ȥ˾ͽ壬뿪տ϶׷ɱҶ㣬ԳڣΪǿ
ħ͵ȵòͷˣɱˣǵһΣоʮִ̼ͻȺ޼ɵɱ¾
Щ˽ٵɸӦͱħšԴ
ӣӣˣҲְɡ
վԭأضȲʵ̲סˣħɱ¾˫ۿʼɺ
ȥɣ
Ҷһ֣Ҳ뵽ս֮УҶںǰ
̫Ѫˣʺۿǻǳȥɡ
Ҷ㾹ȻǣźС֣뿪˴Ŀյϣҵһɾľ
֮Уϵش֮¼Ҳ뵽ս֮УһȷѪ꣬ˣΪһˣҶ㡣
ʮˣʮŽٵɣҶӽ쿪ʼҶֶһš
ħ񣡡
ǺһνƺҶΪħҪɱҪ


1309 ȫ
ҶӣЦѣԼϲһʲôˡ
ݣֲʧᣬпᣬȴ塣
º죬ҸƴˣҪȫˣǺ¼ŸɣԳֽǼȫĨƽɽ磬Ǻ¼Ҳˡ
˾ͽżĳһڽħĽ£ĺС
ߣͷӲ
ºȻô˵Ҳǰģһ˾ͽŷ֮ǰ¼Ĩ¼塣
µѾûкڵˣնɱ˾ͽ
ӷԸҵġ
ħֱ˾ͽղҶСֵʱҶ͸ߺħԴңȻһڰ뿪¡
ԺħΥҶּ⣬ֱ˾ͽ
С㣬첻Ļô棬Ϊ˳֡
¼ܶ˶Χ۹ߵĴԶԶһʵĴ򶷵ڻδ뵹ҲԶˡ
¡
Ȼֱӿˣκ˲óȥҲ
ĳȫֳЩϹȫɵˡ
ôľŽٵһսǷ󣬿¼嶼һ
˾ͽһ٣󲿷ֶڽħ
¼˻Щ˼ɣħ˲ͬ޼ɵϲɱ¾
Щħõħϴʵа벽˵ĵزǳĿɲͬǾŽٵɣȫһΡ
꣡
һŽٵɱ϶šԴੵЦȫѪˡ
˾ͽ¹ѱħ̤࣬ҶҲˡ
ɱ¾ѽ˳ľŽٵɣվˣ쾹Ȼһ£Ӿǧ궼һΡ
ħ˾ͽƵǣͬǾŽٵɣྐྵȻ֮һһħˡ
ٺٺ٣˾ͽƥ㾹Ȼǹӣ㹫Ӳɱ㣬Ҳ㡣
ЩħУҶħ񣬲¡
ħһħ𣬾ȻһδɵëͷСӡ
˾ͽʮֱżеĳһ£˫Ŀ죬еûһӰӣҪͻΧ
ϧ¼ػսѾķסˣκ˶ӲȥЩǰıͣƵһǣһɪɪ
ǺҵĻ棬Žٵһ¾Щ˽ٵɣŵƨ
û˳ЦΪ̫ˡ
¼󲿷˶ˣкܶǰıͣδԶд򶷣׷׸ϻÿһĻ
¼ħͶ˾ͽ壬Źȥ̶һʱ䣬˾ͽĳ˴ֻʣ˾ͽڿ֧š
ųɾŵ˶ڽħ֣֮¼ֻǸǣƣǻЩ˼ɡ
ɣ
ħͻȻɢħͬһħ٣ȻӽħɵĴڡ
һͻƾ磬͸һħ硣
º죬㲻úɱǣǾ͵űɡ
ͷħļл֮£˾ͽֵħһֱΪһ̯࣬ڵϲϵ䶯
һҵĴսڽ˾ͽȫ
һ壬Žٵɲᳬˣһ˾ͽ弸˴룬ڶꪳɳ
ʮħЩͿ˹ȥղߣִ£ڳӶˡ
ǣҪɱǣǸ¼ԩ޳á
Ȼ˹ʮħǣ˾ͽӻĿҪǵʮħ϶ȫʬ
ħûж֣ǽĿ⿴Ҷ㣬ֻҪҶһ£ǻɱ¾
뿪ɣ
Ҷ˰֣ûɱ¾ݱȥЩ޹ġ
лҶӣ
Щ˸ϽŸмϵıڷɡ
º쳷ȥ󣬴˲仯Ϊһĩʧһտĵ棬ʯԺӡ
ĳʾǸ⣬лᣬһͲλʱˣǺ¼廹кܶҪҶൣ
º˼ԣЩȫߣ˿̺¼ƮҡЩͼȨ֮ˣδȫ֮Է
¼Ǹˡ
Ƕ޲ܶȣϽ뿪Ƿ֮أҶ㷴ڣɱǡ
ʱ䣬˺¼֮⣬ߵһɶ
˳ϣˣҵж˲飬ҷɱۡ
ºչ¶˺һ棬ҶڵµĲ˾ͽˣ
ǣ峤
˳ϴһ˵ȥȥˣһμӦϣ϶ûбڳ
ź֮󣬺ºʣµĳϳҶ˹Ҷ˵Цղŷȫߡ
лҶӣ㣬Ǻ¼壬֪Ҫʲô顣
º쳯Ҷʩһ񣬷ġ
Ҫл͸лɣ㲻ֵô
ҶЩɺƺԸº˵ǺĸףҶŲô࣬Ⱦħ֮
ºҲ˵Ҷ㲻ѾܸмˣϾɢ֮Ĺϵ
ףΪ֮ɣ
Ը׵ΪҲǳʹޣǺ¼ˣ޿κΣǽգҲ˱仯Լ忴ĲǺء
ԼŮԶԼºЦһһжԼȡԹˡ
ǱҪ׼ɱ˾ͽôˣ˾ͽ϶ưոݣһǿг֣Ǻ¼Ĩƽ⵽֮һǽ飬һЩӢϽתơ
æʱûʱȥ̸ЩŮ鳤飬ǰҪǣλ˾ͽķˡ
壬Ȼþ£˭˾ͽ廹һ
ûһ£ЩӢתơ
ºҲӦһȫԻ¼壬㱻ɽ緢֣¼Ѿˡ
治֪Щôģ˼άǲǶ㶺ˣǱ
ҶֺһƣŴȫͲѺ¼
˵ʲô
ЩŭһȻԴ㶺ôܲ
ϣ԰꣬Ҷô˵
ºѾҶͶأֹ˴ϣڷͻ
ҶӣʾǺô
º켸Ǵ̵ĳЩ棬ȷҶ㣬ҲǵԣԹԭ
뷴һ£Ǻ¼壬Ӧôͼһʱʹ죬˶֣˲ʳ塣ݷչͼı
Ҷûֱ˵Ƿʣ˼Ҷˡ
Ҷ˵û˵̫ˣˡ
º¶һ˿Ц⣬һ
ʲôˣ
ϻһͷˮȫû˾ͽǲ


1310 ʦͽ֮
ĲֹǴϣҲһɻ֮ɫȫҶ˵ʲô
ɵ˾ͽĳˣǺ¼壬Ҳ϶ɽ緢ֱ֣ӷ˾ͽʧȥò˼꣬ͻᱻʳ˾ͽĸûˣ
Ϊ棬Ȼϣ鷢˲ʳǵĻǲóȻ֣ǵȣ˾ͽָʱ򣬲ŻֶԸǺ¼塣
ܼˣڶˡ
һ˾ͽָأǻԸǺ¼𣿡
˲ʵ
ʮŽٵɣָҲҪǧ꣬Ǽǧʱ䣬һ𡣡
ºԽԽ⣬һҶ뵽һȥˡ
ɣղҶҴ󵨵ĳ֣뵽ϵϵ˾ͽ治׵ĳ֣޼ɵɱ˾ͽˡ
ûǺ¼ò˼꣬ܳ棬ʱͲþ˾ͽˡ
ˣ˷֮Ҹûϵǣ֪¼ԭһ壬һԾΪǿԽ丮˾ͽ塣
һжһйأǾҶ㡣
Ҷ㱻˰ڸһԺӣں¼飬ҶһŲҲ룬Ʋ壬ʮħѾȥ
֮УҶϥһҹʱ䣬˶ûзֿź㲵ӣҶһ̡
׼𣿡
ҶһһҹʱоҵƽķȷҪа
ˣ
˵ͷĥ˰ʱ䣬㲣ϣϽõѡ
ܻ̿Щʹ࣬Ҫһ̡
Ҷаֱӽ֮ܿһСݵһֱӷ˳ȥû֮С
̶Ӻ﷢һ΢ĵͺǿнʹȥϵıѾ
Ҷ㿴ʮۣǲҷģʶٿаһ͸ܿ쿴ڣסࡣ
һ˺࣬Ȳ˺пܱа˺࣬Σ
аһ㿿֪ҶͷѾˮʮСġ
Һõ߽ٵɣʶǿ˽ٵɿ¶硣
ĴҶ̽Եжϣһ̣һҽУһѪ
û°ɡ
Ҷֹͣɽһ
Ҷ磬㲻ùңҳܵסϽƿҲĥˡ
ֻҪƿ⿪˾ͽ¹֮Ĺϵڴʹ࣬ʲô
ź¼ӣҶ˸ղŵ΢ײѾһЩԪ֮ĹȻΣգԼʹࡣ
ǿԪˮһֱ͸棬ȫˮ޿ײ룬ܿ˸Ĺϵ
һʶ㣬пֱܵƿӼѡ
һֻһΣƿʶһɢҵᣬڵ졣
Ҷ磬׼ˣʼɣ
Ҷüͷ壬Űο£Ҷʲô
ã
Ҷһʶ֮£аͻȻһǿ⣬ͬаɢаϢɫĽֱն£֮ϡ
ϣ
ҵĳúͻȻһԴ̵һȥֱ˹ȥ

Ҷһѽסıڻһʹ֮ɫҶ㱧øһ̶ɿ

һʱҶһֱӺﴫһ΢Ҷŷɡ
Щ𣿡
ҶϽһ飬Ѿѿ
Ҷ磬ûˣ
ɫÿˡ
úúãƽ
Ҷʶһգа˳ȥ
аҶĴ˵һöɫ˿һĶסͷʮа
Ǻöϧ̫аˡ
ҶֱӶħʼ뵽˱ȥ
ӣС㣬ҿԽ𣿡
һȥˣ澲ĵģһֱû˸Ҵ
ɣ
Ҷ˷ֿһϡ
֨
ű򿪣һӰ˽
²μӣС㡣
ӽ֮󣬵ϥأһ֮ɫ
߻ɣô
죬߻ǽһ磬ͱͷţõԽӼõԴֱӽ볤ţһжһЩš
лӣ
߻վվһԣ֮Уֱ顣
ɣǺþò϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵
һֱûаѸ߻ˣ˵ôûм棬Ҷ϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵
лС㡣
߻һ࣬ĺܶ鶼˵һ飬رᵽͯľ֮ɫ̶̰ʱ䣬ͯľΪֱ˾仯
˵ͯľҶһ֮ɫʱ䣬ʦƺûоһΣǸ߻ڰŽ̵
߰ɣҲȥˡ
Ҷվӣ׼ȥͯľȻͽܣҪ
˺ܿ˺¼壬ҶĲ²⣬˾ͽȻ˲٣ռ¼ȫߡ
˾ͽʼնûб̬ƺûзһ㣬Ǻͷ˷츲صı仯
뿪¼壬ڽֵϣǲ¥Ǿƹݣܴһ֮ǰǳս־ĶǣҶ֮Ǳ
Щ̸ۣ˶ҡͷЦ
Ҷ磬ڿˣҲδ顣
ŵϷҶĿǣһۡ
ҶεЦЦһȻкĹϵǺܶ࣬ҲʹȻƺҶÿһ˶źˣȫơ
رǲС֮ҶĸӦԣҪָоҪҵԼ
ܿ쿴һǺܴԺӣԺ洫֮ƺ
ƿԺţ궼Ȼ֪ȻȭרͶȥ
ӣ￪ʼδϢһ죬ÿ춼ҲҲ
߻Ҳһϣ֮ɫڰͯľϣ˲˼
ʲúһӡ
Ҷ⻬°ͣͯľһԼӵĳɾ;ԲͣҪܶš
ʦ
ղŵ̸ûѹͯľӦˣһɨҶֱ֮˵ڵأҶǰ
úúãɣ
ҶͯľҪȰ֮ǰ˲٣Ҳʵ˺ܶ࣬ҪҶԭĹƣҪãҶԤ㣬һ֮侳ͷǳˡ
Űʱ䣬ͯľˣﵽؾ
ٸʱ䣬ɾȫ⣬ʮĵɾֻᾪ


1311 ֵž
һʦͽ߽֮УԺӲǺܴҲǸ߻ЩһЩҵ
ʦѾ֪ˣлұ˳𡣡
֮󣬰ͯľٴι£Ҷ丮ĸѾʲôܣȻҲ˰ͯľĶ
ѱĽҲý⿪ˣΪһͣҪѭƽΪ֮
Ҷܿͯľ겻ùʱȫ֮ϣԵǳһЩ⣬Ūû߻ħ
ӽʦ̵
ͯľ˼ͷܿվҲˡ
ҹһʱ䣬Ҫ뿪򣬵ʱȥҲ˳ָһҲĥһľħ
Ҷͯľȥһʱ䣬ʦһΡ
лʦ
ܵõʦָ㣬ͯľֹڵأˮϲ
ͯľһֱųȻˣ⵼¸ȣľԲȥ϶⣬ҶҪ
һʱҶûȥ¼壬һǱӣΪ¼島ϹϵͰסڰͯľ
Щ쾭Ҷ㲻ϵָ㣬ͯľΪȻûʵ١
ʱ򣬺Ҷ㣬ҶǱĿʮħͲסڸҶʱҲҪǱ
Ϊ¼壬ͽԺΪأκ˲ÿʱ̶Ѳߣ֤Ҷİȫ
ܣܣǻˣ
ԺŻδ򿪣洫һЦֱƿԺӣʮһ˽
磡
Ҷһ˳ǰˣ˺ܿӵһ
ܣǰֵܶˣڿԼˡ
Ҷ㵷һȭʱ䣬Ǳ˼ӱʣµҶһеǳԲ£˯ãһ޴ĸ
ڿû£ϲյҶϢ˶˵ֱӴǸ
ߣ˶ˡ
꺮ůʱһ߳ˣһʮˣҶҲûע⡣
ôҲˣ
ҶϱЩ죬硢ôҲˣǣҶò׽ѣȴ솴ǡ
ȻҶƳһۺ£΢΢
ΪʲôҾͲʱǣչˣѵӦøм𣿡
ɣղſҶǶҲǴⷭ졣
ȿȣܣʵǵʱһЩ׷ɱӵǵʱ򣬳ɰչˣŵԻָ˵ֵܶо֮
ЩΣ˼˵
λֳл
Ҷ㳯һȭǸм
Ҷ磬˶ǿͣ˽ȥ˵ѵһֱվԺ𣿡
˹סҶĸ첲һЦ⣬ʩһ񣬼ȻҶĴ磬ҲĴ硣
ԶԶԣղһʱˣ˴ң
Ҷæʮý˴֮УЩӣԺҲ˲٣һҲԭһࡣ
ʮ߽˿Եӵ֮һѡ
ܣλ۶飬û뵽㾹Ȼ˶ľ춯صĴ³
ЩţŰʱ䣬ҶͳԽ̫̫࣬󣬵ƾһ֮丮˾ͽ塣
ⶼȥˣ硢磬λһиҪҪȥ
ҶֻǵһЦЩ鿴춯أʵҶֻ֪ǽħ˵ûħ˰ȻһǧԼҲɹˡ
İɣԺǲ
ظֱվ֤Ҷ㽻ÿ
ȵȣôˡ
վеĻû˵ˣûʲô顣

֮УִһЦֻһˣĬӽһ̣ʮֲģ˵Ҷ¶ɿˡ
֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬Ұһúõдǡ
˵ˣʮֿĳʵ
ǵһЩ飬Ҷ㶼ߺˣ֮ĹϵҲȽ
Ҳˣסȥ
ֱҪסȻûߵĴ㣬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ᣬôԶͲ¸ĸ𣿡
ʵŹ֮ɫ
ģôĸȫ֧֣Ҷ磬ҽסЩˡ
˵վ·ƣҪһطϢ
ľ׹ȥϢ
Ҷкһͯľ˽ŰȥϢȥˡ
˷׷׸ˣ֮УֻʣҶˣһӾ
ܣЩǵԴǴˣֶһɣǱ㵱յĶ顣
óöָ֮ǿɳģҶ㡣
ЩԴţҸղ˵ˣҪȥƾЩԴ
ҶûнӹЩԴţԸ
ܣ˵ɣʲôҪֵܶȥġ
Ҳ֪ҶµˣȻᱻǰС
·϶ˣϢ죬̸顣
ҶǶϢЩ鼱
ãϢȥˣͲˡ
һۺ֮ĹϵѲʲôܣǣʹҴҼһ棬ֻǲǺϤ
Ҷ磬ǲǶԸղǸ˼
˶ȥ˹ҶϺݺݵһ£ʹҶ졣
ᰡ
ҶϽѺ§ڻôͣǲţΪŮˣǳУӰֵһ̣͸о˴⡣
㻹ʵ
ϵıʣҶ֮£ֱӻΪһǣʧԭأºվԭأСȭ
ԺӾôҶȥƵ˻סСԺӡ
ܣôˣ
ҶһǱ֮ɫһɻ֮ɫ
ȿȣû£Ҫ졣
ҶεЦЦֱ߽˵ķ䣬û϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵
ܣղŵڳЩǲ˼˵ھʣֵЩҿҪǰ˵㽫˵ֵܵĲ˼
ղڴڳЩ϶ҪܻһЩ
л˵
Ҷǲù˼ɣʲôֱ˵
ʵý
Щ˼ȻҪý
ŶǺ°ǿļСˡ
ҶΪǺ£Ӧø˲Ŷԡ
ҲΪǺ𣿡
໥һۣӱ˴˵֮Уһ˿֮ɫ
ȻǺ£ҲСˣҸżҲ
Ҷ˵ͷȫ˼ĻشֲǰĸĸҪȥġ
ôʣС˭
һʵǴŵĻЦ
ֻ֪ҪϲС
ҶŶȣһȻԵõӡ


1312 
ֵܣʵжǵ飬˼ýֵܵǲ
ͻȻһ䣬ĳһȥǣȣ˶¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ͣͣͣ
Ҷһ˵֣ͣǡ
жǾȥҲֹǣǱǣҶûκθ飬ҸߵһǲҪҰ
ҶҲһȻ֮ɫϰòⲻܴʲôòڰ֮ϡ
ֻҶȶһͦãΪ𣬶ƻࡣ
Һ÷ˣҶһֱһͣǿڻᣬֶһҶ붼ͷ
ֵܣ֪ѾˣҲһһùΪ㣬׼ҳߣȡһԴǰĹ͡
ҲҶļϸһ¡
ǡ
Ҷˣָͷָˣ֪˵Щʲô˻ͺãôˡ
ˣŵҲ֮ͨˡ
ٴλ˵ЦһŲ̸
ֵܣ͸ˣȻѾֵܶһ
ĵҹҶ⣬λֵܿʼ齫ҵ
˵ĲֻҪһУѰҵ̣ٽҰͽңһ廹Ǻ׵ġ
ǴܶණȻͨҶҪҪȥһЩ顣
ѰҵطԴ췿ݣⶼҪˣ˾õİ
ҵȻλֳöɵڵľ̫ͣѿչȾԼĵ̡
ҶһöɵԼ̷öʣöҶ㶼ûȴλֳһһö
Ҫ˾̫ͣҪٽûǿʵ޷
ֵܣôԡ
ɵ˶סˣһþöû˶˵
žͱԼֵܣǼҪʵҪ뿪Ժܶ飬ҪԼ
Ҷֱӽɵݾܾ
ܣҪȥѵҪص½𣿡
˶֪Ҷ½Ÿյ꣬ѵҪȥ
ҪȥһεЩһֱûףҪȥһˡ
ҶҲܻ䣬Լε֮УڱصãҪȥ
ǺãǾͲˣʲôʱ
ҶҪ뿪Ͻɵ£֮󣬿ʼҶ˼壬׼½һЩתƵ֮Уܸõķչ
ɫһҶӻԺ߳еӰһԺǰͯľ
õҶָ֮󣬰ͯľ󲿷ֶڲ似٣һʮֲпᣬֱӸҶÿһζıˡ
ô硣
ԺǰϢ
磡
۽Щ죬һҶ֮ת뿪ˣصԼķ֮С
ʱ򻨿˳ȻҲһĻ
仨ˮ飬ۡ
ҡҡͷһ˳ȥįıӰȥͻƾȥˡ
ǡ
һһͣҶš
ү磡
һ䣬߳ˣǸһģӦҲˣԼС㡣
ͣǽʲô
ҶоԴҪըˣⶼʲô飬һһȡ֡
үС˵ˣⱲӷ㲻ޡ
˹䶼ֻʮңһʮ־һ徫ϸѡġ
ѵûԸ𣿡
ҶץץԴֲܷˣֻܶ˶ţȥ
Ҷ磬Ҫȥ
Ҫ뿪ŽˣϴŵЦ⡣
ȥߣ˭Ҳҡ
Ҷֱƹ˺ֱ棬һӶͣ£ڴȥ϶ᱻĥġ
ҶߣЦ⣬Ǵһ˿ɬ˽
μ¹
Ǽʮֿ£˴
ôһЩɡ
˰֣ǲҪôȻҶĿˣΪŮˣȻҲҪԵôȡ
С𣿡
ʵ֮УƺЩԸ
ڣСȥ֪ͨС㡣
ҪС㣬æҪȥ֪ͨ
ˣԼȥɡ
ʾǲȥ֪ͨԼȥ
ǣ
˺ܿ˳ȥȥҰͯľȥˣ˳Ҳ໥дһ£Ҷ֪ˣͯľҶͽܣǴûеһԴһֱǹ
ôĸֲŰͯľͯľһ麣࣬ϵգκ˶Լĳȡ̣Ҫġ
֨
ƿ˰ķţ洫ҭƺŮ
˭ǽˣҳȥ
ڴϣû̧ͷΪǻԼļ廤ֱӺȳ⡣
Ϊ˴Ƣ
ϷţϻָЦ⣬ֱߵ֮С
Ů˵ᣬ̧ͷ۽ǻͨ죬Щ⡣
ʲô
Щ裬Ӵվн䱸
㲻ôţֻҪ̸̸ġ
ôôǿҵĵ⣬ΪŮˣǱ˴͸Ӧ˶ԷϲҶ㡣
ʲô̸ġ
óһӣú£䱸ʧˣ棬кܶ಻֮ɫ
ȻҪ̸Ķкܶࡣ㲻֪ҶĹȥ𣿻ǰ£߻ûŮˣ
һ˵˺ü⣬ðϸһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
֪
Щţ˵Ҷ˽̫ˣֻǣһŲ֪
Ҹ˵ʶҲʱˣֻڲߵһ𡣡
ûȻм⼸ûм棬Ǹ߻ҶΪȫ㱨ˣҶȻûԼ˵֪
˵˵ǰʲôˡ
Ů֮Ĺϵһ˺ܶ࣬رǹҶ飬ڴ
һγƪ£Ѿ𷿼ʱˣڻδĻʮֽҪȥǿסˣºС㲻
ҶȥһȦ֮󣬳Ҳϻˡ
ӰĻ֪ϵʱ򣬺ķ䣬ڻδҲһͷˮ㲻ĳ
ʦҽѧһЩµĶָһ¡
һʱ䣬ͯľĻѧ˺֪ܶʶҪʦָһ¡
ã㾡ңһѾѹ͡
Ҷ˵ͷԺͯľʼ֡
ģ
ͯľһͷĶҶݺݵĳ
УˣٶȲ
Ҷֱһ˰ͯľָ㡣
ʦһֱҲ磬һֱץסʲôǷ硣


1313 ֮
֮⣬ŻҶһֱͯľ⣬γɣǺ̬ϧͯľһֱ˽⡣
Ҽˣôʱ򣬱˵磬ͨûɡ
Ҷһν̵ӣкܶط϶в֮
סɫͰԼһſ紵
Ҷ㲻ϵĽ⣬ҲڸͯľٵĽ֣Ҷո似ϵĴڸͯľϣһ죬Ҳڻͨ
߱ʽҶ㲢δڣ似ʮأҶڸˣʧˣȻԪ
аʺϰͯľɱ֮Ͱͯľľ
ֱҹͯľƣ巵صԼķ䣬ҶվԺ֮ķѾƵƣȻδ
㣬û뵽㻹ľĺҸҶΪ㣬丮˾ͽ壬ңȥҶԸ⡣
һʱ䣬ҶѧԺݣһ飬Ǿʻݾ˵Ļɫȥ
û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼƶ½ȫţƾһ֮ͳݣµļ壬µˣں򣬸Ǵ漣
㣬˵ô࣬ʲô˼
ҲɵͻȻԼ˵ô࣬޹ʷʸ
ãҲˣҶһ֪һ˵˼Ƕʹ࣬ҸͬܣȻҲᵽľ̸̸
˵ںЩ궼֪ôģȻ֪˼һ˵ĥ
ǽ˼ǽˣ
վЩţȻ½ŮһΪ֣룬ʵ
ȲҪżҽûãΪ
Ҳ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫƺҲʹ֮С
㣬˵Ϊʲô
ЩȲˣϣ˵
ʵҲҶ½м֪֪ҵĴڣ϶⵽ų⣬ϣýΪãҲ໥иչˡ
Щ˼ȻҪһ𣬿ҲԺλദá
׽˼ˣԺλദƣԳڣǽãԺ໥Ҳиչˣ
Ҳɵܿ˼
ЩӺһֱڵҶ˵Ҷٳٲ˵ҪҲ˺ûἰ
ⷽ˼ɣ
˵ôֻ࣬ҪһԼվͬһսϵˡ
ǡҶҡ
¶һʹ֮ɫҶ޸оߵһȥ
ģֻҪһֱߣܻὫл
˵ĻѾøмˡ
Ůˣ֪бŮϲԼˣ϶뾡һа취ҲҪֹǺʮִȵѡ˽ܡ
һ֪ʹ࣬ʹڱڳ֡
ڶȻԼӦʹ𣿺ȻܣŪϵὩֲ£ҶҲмΪѡ
ȵĽܣĽֶһģβʼʱһȵŮˣõ˵ء
ģҾԲ裬ֻҪҶߣҾˡ
ϲҪ§ź
˭֪һĨʹ֮ɫľ˼һϣµľģ֪ʱﶷ
ֱҹŴӰķ߳Ͼƣ֮ɫ
Ҷ磬ôϢ
˷䣬Ҷ㻹վԺ棬̧ͷǡ
ıʲôôõʱ䣡
Ҷһѽ§ڻҪ֪ǵʲô
£
ҶӵһߣȻ¶һƤģ
Ҫ׽Բأ
Ҷֱȥһѽڻ
ȥˣҰɡ
Ҷ˫ֿʼʵںʱ䣬һֱֽޣӲԽҶʮܡ
Уң滹жŮˡ
¼ѣҶıסͻȻϱҶʵ

Ҷ˫һɿ¶Ϊ֮ɫԼ飬֪ˡ
˵ǲ˵費Ҫ˵
ʵվҶǰ˫۽ĶҶ۾Ҫ
ҡ
ҶֹҪ˵˻ȥƻŽĸ飬ϣԺл͡
Ҫٲ˵ԺҲˡ
˵ֱ꣬˦ֳȥˮ۽ǻ䡣
˵һֱŲ˵ܣҲϣƻ֮ĹϵҲǰƽ
Ҳ֪Щææµµһĵһ£Ϊһֱҡ
֪ȹһʱ䣬Ҷϲָо֪·ֹˣкܶ·Ҫߡ
Ҷ硭
û뵽Ҷǹ˼Լĸܣųٳٲ˵ƻ˴֮Ĺϵ
໥˵ԺӵУǣ˴һҶҲԼ顣
÷СᣬܰԼҶһһʮĵûһ
ⲻ֪ԶһӰ˵̸һҲˡ
Ҷ磬˵ǻų𣿡
ĵ飬ϾһֱǼҶ㣬ڷ絲꣬ĸ顣
ᣬİɣǶĵ֮ˣ֪ˡ
Ҷ㱣֤Ǽͨˣм֮ģȻʣҲԼ̬ЩҶ˽̫ˡ
֪ɫѾˣ̸һϣԺ
Ҷ磬ľͳ뿪솴ǣ
ĵҶһְܳݵˣˣкܶܶҪȥһζ硣
ЩҲ˺ܶ࣬óˣڰȥĲԸ뿪ˡ
Ҷգʮ簮˵Ȼϣһֱȥ
ðɣһȥʰһ£һ·
Ҳǽ֮ˣܿ飬ȻҪ뿪ȻҪҶһ
ʧȥôЩ꣬һҪҶһ
Ҳã㵢ôЩóȥһһЩʶ
Ҷԭʹźͯľһȥġ
ҲҪȥ
ͻȻӺ洫һһֱû뿪վԶҶҪ뿪ٳĬֱӺ롣
ǴгȥΣأ㻹ɣҶ꣬¾ͻˡ
Ҷ¾ͻˣ꺣ķ飬ȥһˣʱ๻ˡ
УҷǵҪȥԼչԼ
ҧҧ촽żᶨ
Ҷ磬ʹϰðɣһ·Ҳи飬˵˵
ͻȻ˵ˣ顣


1314 뿪
ҶƫԴЩţȻԴףҪϰҶЩֲ
²ɣ
Ҷ¶Цݣһ·֮ϣҪµദڳǲ㡣
ʲôģӽԺ󣬰ҵãסһȥͯľס
ҶһۣȻ֪Ҷ룬ֱӶͷ
찡ذ쿴۰ɣŮ˸ߡ
Ҷʹı飬һ֮ɫ
֪ɣź㣬㣬ˣڼϡ
Ҷһ£ת뿪ˣҶվԺ
һ۰Ҷҡҡͷ̾ϢһתҲ뿪ˣȥҰͯľȥˡ
ʦҪϵ˻ûȫãҪϢ
ϢİͯľҶ˳Ͻ֮ͯľ֪ʦ֮У϶ˣݺݵĲ
Уᡣ
ܰͯľͬͬ⣬ҶԺ濪ʼ֣ȭȭ⣬֮ǵòפۿ׷ʲô顣
ʦҲˣʦĸ飬ĸûϵ
ͯľſڵϣҲһ֮ͬɫʦĴȻ㲻ŮˣҲ
㻹˵Ųż
ͯľЦԼҶ׼Ҫ֣ŵðͯľһܵûӰˡ
һţղſֵļŵö˷ţٳ鷳Ҷװ׵һ١
һҶ˴֮УȻҪˣһЩҲҪһ
յ蹦ʮɲϢ߿ʮħ
ӣͻȻټǣǲҪˣ
ħƺˣϴɱô࣬ʮʹ죬ʳǵľѪΪм档
ǣǸ˵ҿҪ뿪ˣǶȥɣԺлټ
վܳΪԼһʱԣܲÿξͽħΣ֮¡
ȵǳͷ֮󣬻᲻ϵҪҶɱˣҶ㲻ߵһлȥ
ӣ㲻Ҫˡ
ʮħΪҶҪǣҪ뿪
ǶҪʱ뿪򣬳綼ģȻص£úԣշˣǵİȫͽˡ
ҶóģϣںշǣϾٽҰôף϶˴ʮħ׺ܶࡣ
ðɣȻǹӰţһհ졣
ħҲǽ֮ˣҶԸһȥ²ǵ磬һ£ҲЩˡ
ɢȥʱվصԭ
ӣһʱ䣬ǳȥջ˲٣Щħò͸ɡ
һʱ䣬ʮħ˺ɨ˺ܶطӶ˺ܶ౦ħòҶ㡣
ӹָҶʶһɨһֱ
һǶʲôˣ
ŴָĶҶЩš
ûʲô˼СţС壬ǵļҵ׶ѹεһɶ
һʱ䣬ʮħɱ˲ˣҶüͷ壬֪Ǻ»ǻ£ϾʮħԼųġ
Щ˵ԼҲвѵĹϵ
ԺҪ޼ɵɱˣһŭ֪ʱ϶ƽ£ȥúɣ򾳽磬ྫѪֻܼӿʱ䣬Ծûκκô
Ҷʹļ׵ĺȳ⣬ϣǶһЩҪɱˡ
İɣλȥǺúõһһµĵã޼ɵɱˡ
ħľƺһЩ仯һ£ҲմȾһЩϢħ˵ʵǺħȷʵоԼı仯ľԲ
ˣȥɣ
ԴҶûоܾһը丮ɵϵԴĵ߰˰ˣЩԴÿԲҶʱ
ʮħ뿪ˣص˵硣
ĴָҶ㲻֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦֱʱƳöɵһЩϣֿ
ڶ졣
ɫһѾʰ׵һ·ҲһɫδѾʰ׵
ڰͯľ˷ܵһҹûϢһĺȦ͵Ÿʦȥ档
С㣬һҪСġ
ȫĻЩᣬ֪ҶڣǸŷԵö࣬ĵ
ҲҪú׼͵
Ҳ˫ͨ죬Щ˶ǸԼһģڰİĵط϶᲻Ӧ
СİɣԺŻ죬Ͳõˡ
ǼʮϤϾǴаʱ䣬ͻ쵽һȥˡ
ڼ֮£͵솴壬Ҷ㣬ºһֱǴǸ⣬Щ˼
һǰǼ飬¼ڲõԼٶȷչرԴգǼӿǰĲ
Ҷ㣬ͽˣúչЩǷ̫ˡ
ºҶѾٳƺҶӣҶ㣬ȻҪϵ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ΪĲ֪˵ʲôǰںӣҶѹͲ¼塣

ĵĻǰͯľ壬˷ܵԾ˵̫ϡˣʦ飬ĵ顣
һ˽壬ʼԾӺε򣬿ʮʮ죬һ£ǳűΣա
֮䣬һӣҪɹȥǳ֮ѣΪкޣЩɢޣħޣϲɱЩ䵥ߡ
Ϊ˵شκ˽ûзԣ档
Ҷ磬Ϣһ°ɣ
һ˱һ򣬴￪ʼ壬ҪԼմᴩ棬һ
õģ
ҶҲоЩˣĸ·ķǳĴоƣοˡ
ͯľһƨ˵ϣһ·Ȼ˷ܣǶģ
ľҪ׵Ϣô˻ᣬϽ塣
ѹեһ̶ȵʱͻᷢҪǰݻˡ
ҶðͯľҪżϢϽܽ忪ĸ
ǣʦ
ҶҪ󣬰ͯľΥϥ£ó컯ʼգӿ뵽棬֫ٺֵģʮ
Ҳǣץʱָ̣ǱҪҵεڡ
Ҷ㳯а˵
Ҳʮϥ£
СףչǣȥЩˮԴ̽һĻ
ҶСףؼˣԼȥѰˮԴȥˣ︴ӵĻҶҲҪ·
ȻеͼϾ켣һɲ䣬ʱڸı̬Ǵ򲻻䡣
İɣҾˡ
СػȻΣգҲһʱ䷢Ҷ˲ϻء
һԾҶʧԭأϿʼѲΪǻķϵﳣ磬ϴݲ


1315 ɾԭʯ
Ҷ뿪֮ԭϢ˿֪򣬻Ӱ
Ϊǻ򣬲кܶ׼˽һΪ˶ܳңڶѰЩ䵥ߣᱦ
ÿĵطһƬ򣬵ϣݲܶັĹޡ
Ҫһ㣬ÿʮһεǳűܶණ֮Уͱ⣬ֻ򣬼̤㡣
һЩ֮ˣ׷ӿϣԵһЩ
򣬿ˮԴҲˣҶһԾһȥܲҵˮԴ
֮һһأҲúüʱ֮зУͬ½أҪܿܶǳʯⱻС
һööǳʯԼ߻ڿź棬ҶоԼޱȵСȣ޷Ტۡ
紵Ҷһ£˼£ͬһöǣʣֱӳһ֮ϡ
򵹲ǺܻסһЩԭʼֲǳӴ󣬵ƾһ仨һӴСסһȺˡ
ֻаƴС޷ȥֻѰЩûǵܡ
ʶһɨҶܿҵˮԴｨܶСݣ˾סĵطܶ˸ǽ䣬Ҷ˷ӣڷ絲ꡣ
ӴൽЩŵ÷׷׶ǲٹȣһĹܣǾǲʳ
˳һԷݣȻǲֻҪȺȥò˼죬ܸʳһա
ˮҶûͣ׼뿪ûʲôԶһСʮ֮һС
ݣݡ
ͻȻݺݵһҶ˹Щ˾ȻҶ㵱˵ˡ
ϣ
һ߳ң˹һϣԣһϧҶ˵
ϣҵķݣЩŵĴӴܡ
ǲҪ£ûж⡣
Ҷ㲻˺ЩС飬ȻȻļ̤Щû˺֮ģֻǱԼء
%#%*
ϴһߴĽҶһҲƺڷʲôҶ㵱ߡ
֮£Ҷֻת뿪ȻһƣܽЩҶûô
Щ˷ҶϣֹҶ뿪֪Ҫʲô
ҶһͷˮЩ˵Ķƺе⣬ʲô
˵ʲô
Ҷ״Բͨһϰǵľԡ

ҶͻȻ뵽ˣԼҲþ𣿴ѩѧ֮蹬ľʮֱһֱûжá
ˮһһ͸ȥҶ㲻Ҵ⣬ǿľ˵Ļ꺣ű
Ͼľ˲ͬҶֻͷһ㣬ܿյһЩϢ
ȾǣȾǡ
ϢݹҶ꺣ǳ仰Ҷ㡣
ʲôˣ
ҶҲݳȥһͨûлԾõĹͨ
˳˵ȾǣҲûбʲôܿһͷҶָ·
˳żͷҶһï֣ܵ㴦ȥ˷ʲô飬Ҫİ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬Ҷ㿴˲˼һĻһ棬һʯͷˡ
ԣⲻʯͷʯͷôɢ⡣
ҶˣⲻʯͷԲǣҶҴģⲻͨʯͷ
ûóȻȥҲֹͣǰƺʯͷΪҶҲˣһʱ˻ʮܣǱһεѹסˡ
ʯͷֻСҶ˵ѹͲʲôǶ˵ġ
ҽʯͷߣ
Ҷ㷢һ˹ͨ
ȻЩƴĵͷϣҶ㽫ʯͷߣȻΣ˵己ܡ
ϰףʯͷʲô
ҶҲǸоʯͷͬѰĽ׼ʶ㣬ӦܶһЩ
ĽõҶٻ˳վҶϣҲʯͷ
Сӣҵɾԭʯ
Ľһ֮ɫȻһɾԭʯɾĴڡ
˵һɾ
ҶҲЩסˣЩţԼˮȻһɾôܡ
ûһԭʯԽп֪ˣɾͬʯԭʯʧ
ʯɵʱ򣬺ܶ඼¶⣬ҲһЩƷʯ޴ʯסѷֻ֣ͨи֪ʲô
ɾҲһڵ£ɽкܶɾĿɣĽ׶ɾԭʯǺİһ۾ϳˡ
ȻɾԭʯΪЩ˾¡
Ҷ㻹Ǹ㲻ɾǿǺöΪҪԼߡ
ܼ򵥣編Ǻܼ̣ɾɽ磬ǿķԼñһǿľѹʱ̾òŻ㽫ɾߣͨ磬ʵ硣
ĽײϵĽͣҶˡ
ͺñȣһͻȻܵɽȥ϶ᱻǿķӦˣǷ磬ϡռ䲻Ǻȹ̣һƬɽ編򣬿϶÷ʮֲӦ
ӣҶ㽫ɾԭʯȡȻȥижһɾ
Ҷûв´öɾԭʯӦҲǳűɽ紵ģС֮ϡ
߻ٽһ̫СֵһۣڶסˣþȻҲ޷ͨ
ɾԭʯھ棬Ȼ·Ҳᱻ֡
һԭʯѣǧܸӦɾķ򲨶ϧɾԭʯУδиߵǰѱ֡
Ҷ㽫ɾԭʯߣ˷˷ܵĽܿ˳ԭ·ˣϢ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһԾʧԭأԭӦûָĲˡ
磬ǰӰ
֮УӰٵĻζϴãһͳ
ǹȥ
ӰΪһǣȥޱȡ
һ£ӶסˣЩš
磬Ҳΰɣ쾹Ȼˣֵˡ
ƫСһҺضڻָŮӡ
ž
곤һӵϣ
磬Ϊʲôң
϶ЩףΪɶ
𣿡ʵ
ۣԼգһ飬ܲ
֪ۣǾͲΡ˴֣һŮ˹ȥ
磬Ǹ·øңûմŮˡ
϶һ۾ͿһˣӾȻ˳Ϊ˲õˣӵ򣬾Ϊ˶ܳңһܣʱ䡣
ǵϢʲôҵģץȥôô档
ϴ϶һۣǸϢ¶һ֮ɫ
˵öԣץȥԺͿˡ
϶ǶЦˡ
𣡡˵Ĺһ޺ˡ


1316 Į˫
˸뿿һɫӰ֣ȻһӴޣס˵ȥ·
࣬Ҫʲô
СѾںȳ
ϣȻػֵܶȱһͷΪһȡˡ
ӷੵЦѹûнС׷ϾСײٵɣ˽ٵȣԶ
С׵һ޺ڵϵļ˶ѹѵǺ˫ۣÿ߹
аͯľ׷վһ֮ɫ
Сǲ·ˣߣұ֤뿪
ϴЦǺǵȻռˡ
Ҳʶǣ߰ɣһҶͻˡ
һϣߣ֮УֻľߣҲٵɣЩ굢̫
Ҷ磿
ǵС𣿡
ϴһޱʱ䣬磬ʱ̷׷ɱϡûҵǰڵĲ˲
ʦĸ˺󣬽Ҿˡ
ͯľ˳Ůǰ׼֡
ľʵȥҲ
ס˰ͯľ侳ȥԷһƾ
ʦĸҲ£Ҿʦĸ
ͯľʮ־ǿȻվǰ棬һӺ
СӣĻķϣһһʹ졣
ͯľȡ壬˶Цֻʮ֮ң
𣡡
СַһŭǰһŻʮأһ˾Ȼʧԭء
ռ䴫ͣСԼĿռ֮ʱ˳ȥ
ԭأû뵽С׻Ĺܣͨʱ֮ţ˴͵һ
һյ֮ɫѿΪʮǱ۷أһ֮ɫղűС״͵һǳʯϣ㱻ǳʯ
ģȻһͷռޣֵܶ˲㱻ǳʯ
ķУһҲϵˣֱӳ֣һǿĹֱӳС׺
СףСģ
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𣡡
СһУһܣܿһҲ׼ŭˣû뵽һͷס˽Ų
磬ͷʮֽƻǺΧҾͲӵóǵġ
ûȫ֣С׶һղŲ㱻С׺ɱ죬ɲϢɢ
ȥɣ
˳ֱӷС׵ȥ·䵶ĵ棬ն£Ŀĵâֱӻռ䡣
ͣ
߾̫࣬С׶ܲϳһ߶೤Ŀӣɼǡ
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С׷һĲҽУҵʹϮȫѪȾ׵ëƤҲ̶á
˿һĻˮҪ֣ȴȴʲôﲻϣȥҲǰװ׵
棬С׵ĸʱ䣬ѪעСſڵϣĺУѾʧȥ˷
Ѱ·Ȼ
Сʧȥֱ߽ó䵶׼ն£һ£С׾ͻ촦
ҪֹѾˣٵɣ޷ֹĿС׾Ҫ˵֮¡
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ۿҪնСײӵʱһâ֡
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澹Ȼ˳ȥһâɽˣƯСǰɢɱ
һӰҺóУ赲˶˵ĵ棬С׵һ١
Ҷ磡
ҶһĲķϽǰСװ˿ڡ
ʲôˣΪҪҵѳ֡
Ҷɢɱ⣬ɱ¾֮صԼڿСˣҶɱڸǲס޼ɵͷų
ǵСˣ
Ҷ˶ǷЦΪһ֣ԭҲһδɵëͷСӣ߽ٵɡ
Сӣ·뿪ڶǱɱʬӵУ⵽ҧɡ
ѹûаҶѾ˵ò
ѡ֣ɱǣڴ뿪
Ҷɱⲻأֱӳ֣һɲĽǺˮһͻȻĽҶɢɱ֮⣬ͬһɱ١
СҶѣΰҶ㻯ΪģҶôܲŭ
СӣÿĿʶһĮ˫
ԭĮ˫Ҳʢϧŭ˲ŭˣӱˣ¾ٳٲһֱڰ˽ٵɡ
ںھ㲻ҲӽŽٵɵĴڡ
Ҷ磬ҪСģĮ˫ͳ˻һ˫ϻ֮Խս
ںСʱ򣬾˵ˣѡ
Į˫ϴĮһ϶Įֺܼ򵥣Ϊʱ˶һʹ߽Сڵ
˭֪壬ߵŮ߲٣Ůǿ飬ҹߣ˺ܶ񹲷ߵ顣
ֱһǿߣűһʱ䡣
ЩȻҶ㲻֪Ǵ֮Уܿ׼֮ȻҲ
С޶û뵽˼ǵǸ
ֵ˾ȻĸԺ
ϾˣͬһˣҪԽ򾧱ڣε򣬶ʧܸա
˫ͻȻϲȻֵסҶһȻЩŵ
ҶѽȣŽٵɶɱȻ˴ףϾľ˼Ӱ죬Ѿ¾Žٵɣοǰ˽ٵɡ
Сӣ㳢˫
ͻȻ任һλۻңҪҶߣڸһ
ϳӵĻҪ޵Ϯ˵Ĺ糱ûκζʽұ
Ļ䣬ǿС
˳ɱϲһɱ֮ͨˣƾɱ֮Ӱ˵ǡ
С
Ҷջسһһȭݺݵĳ˹ȥȻһ򷨡
飡
ҶȭͷǸֱ˵ĵ֮ϣƵǿĳȻɳȥ

ûκԥһӣһɫˣֱӽԭأ޷ȥ
ס֮ҶûżɱǣСߣóüöҩϣ˿ڿٵϡ
óһСգ˵壬ҲĻָ
һУҶվӣĮ˫˹ȥ˲ϵĳҪƿ
Ǵˣǰɡ
Į˫Ȼʼģ֮ѹû̶ԭأﻹиղŵš
ǣ
Ҷ¶ɱ⡣


1317 ׳
Ҷһ߹֮Уɱ˿ûȥļ
СҶľˣҶõѣˣҶôܲŭ
дӡˣһ޴ḥ̂£ֱĮ˫֮ϡ
꣡
һΪһѪˮʧҶĨƽˡ
Į˫ˣҶ飬֮еɱ⻺ʧ
ܿˣҺһļʱ
ҶǸ⣬СѾվˣҶֱս˱ȥ
ʦղ̫ˣҲҪѧһС
ͯľ˷Ҫѧϰ
Ⱥúõİѻã㵽һ죬Ȼᴫڸ㡣
ղźѾһһʮ˵һ飬ͯľȡ壬ԲܲҲһ֮ˣ֪ͼ
ҲҶΪʲôΪͽԭ򣬺ܶطԼ
ʰһУ˼·򾧱ڷȥ
ʮʱ䣬¶ޣͯľ侳ҪʳдˮԴͣͣȵ֮󣬲ſ򾧱ڡ
Ҷ磬Ӧþ򾧱ڣȥܽε򡣡
ָԶֵһʰ쵵ľڣЩ˷ܡ
ĸ·ôҶЩƣˣϣҸطúõϢһ졣
ޱȼ̣Ҫᴩȥ϶ܣҪҵʱѷ죬пܴȥ
ҶҲˣܲܺᴩȥһδ֪Į˫꣬ûҵεİ취
ᴩʱѷǷǳΣյľٶпܱʱߣʧޱ޼ʵǿ֮С
ֻе˾Žٵɣ˺򾧱ڣֱӺȥϧڳûһܴﵽ־硣
˺ܿƶѰҿռѷ죬ҶóմǼմ֮УԼε֮УѰѷ֮
ʱȥˣҶҵһʱѷ죬ֻһ˵һ㣬ƶᴩˡ
ѴټҶ׼ѷ죬ҺᴩȥȻΣգҲ֮ˡ
ôСѷ죬ﶼڴһѷϣ˵嶼ᱻѹ⽴
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ͯľ£һҪ룬Ҫȷ档
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ãҵ󣡡
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֮ҶһһСȻСһȦѷ֮С
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˽֮һƬʧȥ˶ܵĸ֪Һöǰ׼ÿ˼һ׾룬໥иӦ
Ҷۣ֮Ȼڵʱѷ죬Ҳܿһ
ʱ֮УƯϡŹֵĶЩҶѹûмԶһǺĸһĶԶι
иֹʯҴע⣬ͻᱻС
˳ѷ쳯Զѷ쾡ͷһ˿⣬εѷ죬ѷϵһγһͨ
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ѷԽԽôӵҴ쫷磬˻¡
رǰͯľҶҪս˱ܾҪΪǿߣҪܺܶණҪһǿߣͲʱ̱
ŮҲһһߣϣڰ˱УҶԼȥðա
νиͬͬκ飬Ҫһе
ľԽԽ˺ܿʧȥ֧ŵĿռ䣬ֱƮ޾ʱ֮С
Ҷ磡
һ䣬ΪоԼȫʧˣһƸë޸Ƽ
ҲҪţһа취뿪
Ҷ˳һ裬ɨܣտյֻйιεѷ죬ֻа׾롣
Ҹһζӣһ㳯ѷιȥ
ҶӾһģ£ȻһЩãڻĳѷ촦
ҵĽš
ͻȻһҽУоҽűʲôסˡ
ǵ裬Ϊʱѷ֮УκζҶܿ壬һɨһֵˮĸס˺µҽš
ģֻһֻˮĸõ
ҶһŲܿһԲΣıסҶ㡣
ĽˮĸŲٴǰȥٶɸţһǳĻһʱ䣬²ε档
Ҷٴߵǰ棬˼ζΣѾʱѷ죬Ҫ취뿪
Ϊûʱ䣬ûз򣬼һƬڵ磬ʱͣԾӰ졣
ʱѷ֮У޷磬ûʱȥһ꣬Ȼʡ
ܶˣʱѷӳѾȥǧ꣬ȴоѷ֮Уֻǹȥһʱ䡣
Ҷ磬ҵ˫Ŷˮĸסˡ
ͻȻҲһ˫Ҳˮĸס޷ζ
һ˲ζ˲ôԭشת޷ǰһ
Ҷûżȥ⿪¶֮ɫ
Ҷ硭
ҶͻȻֹͣˣҲЩ֣ѵʲô
ҲҪ
Ҷ˵ǲҪٶˣղζӦѾֻˮĸ߿
飬Ҷ㿴ŶʮͷۣЩҪǽ˶סˣһӶ޷뿪
˱׼ԥ
ҶֱӼ˰˱˸һ̣ǿܵľһŵɫҰס
һûԥ˰˱֮УҶ㲻ܽȥһȥ˭ٿذ˱Ƭʱա
ûмΪԼҶ֮۳״򿪣ܾ󿴵һ
СӣɲʲôˮĸǺ׳棬ǵҪ滹ҪԶصһ𣬾׳档
ĽҲо˲һϢ˳ſҶԴϣЩˮĸһĶ
׳棿
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵
û׳棬Ҳˣ׳ֻһѳܳô󣬶ҵ
Ľʮֿ϶˵ﲢϡ棬֮жܿüֻҪ˺ʱգܿ׳档
ģ׳ûʲôϲۼһסˣҪѣҪһֽš
ĽǸҶһ裬ҺûʲôȻ˶׳棬Ҷ㻹޲ߡ
ôܰǣ
Ҷϵ⣬ΰ׳棬ɹȹƬ
׳¹⣬һֱںڰ磬һ⣬ͻ
Ľ׺ܿ˵ˣ׳棬ҲоµĶ
ҹȥ
Ҷһʪһ˿ⶼ䲻ȥҹ⡣


1318 ɾ
׳һʮֺ浮ʱһЩϸγɣǵʳܼ򵥣ռЩ
ռѷ֮У׳겻⣬۾һ˻ʧȥá
͵ǵʮһ֣ܸӦõҶ㼸˽ֻ׳档
Ҷȥҹ⣿
඼ǼӲĿռ侧ڣ߸Ͷ䲻˺򾧱ڡ
ɲͨĿռ䣬˺ѣ򣬱˴ӵĵطռ侧ڸɽ졣
Сӣ㲻й𡣲ôǿҵĹ֮⣬ֻҪһ㣬ǾͿԣԼ취ιȥ
Ľ׸ҶѣǿĹߣֱܻӻ׳棬Ĺߣǣǲڰ
ˣ
ҶһΪҪǿĹߣǽֱӴݻ׳һʧռ϶ҲϣʱҶҲᱻռ伷ѹ
ˣ֮һŰɫĹâҶĴͬһö
Ȼ
ֵ֮һ̣ƯҶߵ׳׷˳ȥһֱ˵
ֻ䷽Բ׾룬㹻Ҷˡ
û׳ľҶٴζԼζٶҪ˿Ϻܶ࣬ԽԽ
һʱڿ˶ѷ죬ѷҪܶ࣬ҶûѶֱӼ˳ȥ

εһ̣Ҷһڹˡ
Ƕɣ
Ҷҵһȫĵط˱˶˳
Ҷ磬ˡ
һ˽ҶĻղſǸĻˣҲҶˡ
ûˣǳɣ
Ҷĺµļһ˼·ΪεҶú¸򵥵һòȥ϶һЩҪ鷳
Ҷ磬εǶϤҪȥ
ȻǺˣǶεʮİڰͯľ۷ڣֲ嶫
ȥڣ
ҶĿģȥڣϣҵԼ꺣֮еһЩܡ
ȥڸʲô
ʵĴ֮УǳҶΪȥڡ
ЩҪȥ
Ҷû˵Լ꺣ܣˣεȥ
λε壬һƯϵľɽھͽɽ֮ϡ
ε򣬺ܶţ壬ѰЩС͵Ưϵɽ壬Կټ壬ҵ
Ϊ⣬γԲ򣬴󲿷ֶǱԭʼ̬ιɽһ
ЩƯ֮ϵɽ壬˶Ŀ֮
Ȼ棬Ȼͳ˹֮
ʶǺܶ࣬ǿεӣǸоȻ档
Ҷǹľ
٣󲿷ֶƯڰ֮еĵɽ壬⳯£һ޴ƽ̨˿ٳΪסĵط
ֹʯᾣû˹ιļ󣬼ֱɶ칤Ҷ㲻֪ľڷ仯
СĿͺñ֮еһˮʱᱻû
ʱ䣬ҵһס˵򣬲˵һƯϵľ޴ɴ
Ϊʱ̶ƶȫĹ켣
ɽ֮Ҷſ壬ﾹȻһ޴ĳǳأǳ֮ܶεס˾ɽƯԶĵط
Ҷ֮⣬˶Ծʮ˷ܡ
ߣҸطסǰȥڣżǱ߹ͣ߸·
˽磬ҶѾǺżˣһЩʱ򾳽磬Ժа
ϣˡ
ͯľֱһµĸ·˶һȦǾܺãһµĥ£ﵽҶҪ
˳ڵϷ嶥һ޴Żǽ֮
ǣ
֣ʮֹӣһ޾ɣ֪֮ڶˡ
䵽˳棬˽ȥҲ˳ȥ˳ֱӷ˵ء
зǳ޴󣬴´ֻ࣬ƺӱ뺷Ĵ򣬺ĩ
ħΪǿξεڵ
Ż̵ĽֵԵһͷҽ˷
λ͹٣ҪԷסꣿ
Ҷҵһľ¥ֱ˽ȥ
ļϷһŸɾӣЩɿڵľƲˡ
ҶóһöС
߷͹ԵȣΪ׼
ܿҶҵһŸɾӣҲ׼ˣֻҪԷ꣬ͿȥϢ
һٿɿڵķˣص䣬ϴһˮ裬ŸϢ
Ҷص䣬ֱӱĿϢ϶ͨѶֻҪ飬Ҷ㶼ܵһʱӦʲô⡣
ˣ
Ҷķűˡ

Ҷ˫Ŀͯľ˽
Ӱݼʦ
֮󣬰ͯľ˴󹧾վһԡ
㲻úϢʲô
ҶӴͯľʵ
ʦȥߣѾָĲˡ
˺أһµطȲҪȥ䡣
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ҶûԳȥһʱ֮󣬱
лʦ
ͯľ˷ܵ˳ȥһһҶվڴڣֱͯľӰȫʧҡҡͷЦһ
뵱꣬ԼҲô棬һµطȲҪȥ
ͯľϣҶʧȥ˲򾳽Ȥǲһƣóɾԭʯϡ
ɾ溬дҿɾɵ
Ҷĸ׵ľ缱ҪɵõĶдɵŵӡ
СӣҪСģǧƻɾɳ֮ӡ
ĽҶ㣬ҶˣȻҪѣϾҶ㻹ǷˣиɾǳСģ˺ɾᵼ·
Ҷ˵ͷóذףһ޳ԭʯĶʯһ䡣
ʱһȥԭʯڲɢӨ̹⣬Ȼɾ
ɣҶҴһƳɾԶҶ㿴ĲС
Խӽɾë״򿪵ҶղܣҪҪ
Сӣ⾹ȻһöƷɾҪƷɾˡ
Ľ״͵ɽ磬󲿷ֶɾɾҲ˺üȼ
εȻƷɾϾƷɾƷɾƷɾ
Щ֪ʶĽѾռҶ㣬ֻǲȼ
ϰףɾ֮ϣǲǻı
Ҷһ߷ɾϵԭʯѯĽס
ûɾ֮Ͼ񾧣˶һܵõ
Ľ׵˵ͷҲû񾧸ɽ綼ҵֻܿɳ
һʱ֮һöȭͷСɾˣӨ͸ƽ͸ɫҶ͸ɾĳ


1319 ʮ
֮Ҷ㲼һƣɾʧսָ档
һУҶδһƣ
ʦң
Ҷ㻳ͨѶͻȻͯľȻȡ
ֵ֮ϣһȺΧһһŮеĲֻʮ꣬ŮҲʮ꣬ףղŰˡ
СӣÿȻݹǲˡ
Χס˵߰ˣһɷŭĿӣԶ˶ԶԶء
ΪﲻεΧҶǲ࣬뺷ߺö
ΪΧǿ߼٣ûƣһЩɢޣǰ׵̼ҡ
εĺҲ·̡
̫̫ˣ۸һŮӡ
꽫ŮŮɪɪﻹһһ׬ȡ΢롣
֪ô⼸ɷˣŽŮ֣ȴסˡ
СӣԼԹǣҪӢۣҪԼʵ˸ǣʮԣǾ
ԭʮԣ˰˸ǣĴڣ۸С°ӣ޶
ʮ
ͨϰտоһ仰֪ǵĵλѸٹ̣ԸⱻἰƵߡ
۸һ޸֮֮ŮӣʲôӢۺú
겻ô࣬·ƽҪվԼŮѾʮԴߣ֪
ȻӢۣǼͳȫ㡣
ʮԣֵܣһͬƽʱϵãʮͬһˡ
ղ˵壬Ϊ˺һݽɫƣץ
ͬӥצʮ̵ÿռһ𻨣Ȼǿߣɾһ侳֣ߵĲ࣬ȥ£֪
վΧ۵Щ̣׷ױ˫ۣĿҪʮ£Ⱥһ˿֮
ֱӱ۾ʼء
ʦͽܶԲˣһһصӺ
ЩߣԼʵ̫ˣܱҪˣһصӡ
飡
£һײһӰɳȥ
ۣ
ӰڿУһߣѪȾգŵ棬һȳƵ
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ʦˡ
˷ܵڿԼʦˡ
ʲôˣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ԼͽܱΧ鲻Ǻܺãͯľ£ҶȽ˽⡣
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ǲ
һ֣Ҷ㻹Ҫһһ˳ֱ֣Ѱ·


1320 ħ
ȴСƣݺݵĳҶȹޱȡ
Ҵ֮ϣɢȳϢʮаһʮ˾ͷ࣬аĹ
ӡδһɴ̱ǵζֱҶıǻǳš

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֪㸸ĸ
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һ飬Ĳ֪ĸʲôˣ
ҶٴȷʵվһԵİͯľ˫ۣʦΪҪôࡣ
ʦĲֻ֪֪Сʱ򣬸ͲãÿοԣѪĸҲһһݡ
Сѩ֪ȫ˵˳֪ôˡ
֪㸸ĸħ幦Ӧħ壬ҳ־ħ
ҶԽϬСѩԾһ


1321 ħӡ
ħ壡
ʹ޵壬ǲʳľѪкܶͯͯŮԪǣǲ̡
ħħ̤磬ΪСѩĸĸ涼ħƷǳ֮ߣҶûм
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ħѪħرһ˿ʣҶ㲻ǲһҳӦ
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ͯľ̲סˣСѩûʲôΪĸĸħ塣
ȺúԺȻͻס
ҶûиͯľͣЩ̫Ӵá
ʦҵĸĸ𣿡
СѩરવĵŰ

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ӳĬˣȲҡͷҲͷƺ뵽˻䣬ϳһ˿ʹı顣
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ƺþеСѩĸ׸оʮƣҪϢ
˷ӡʮ꣬һֱɱҪܳһʱܵȻָҲָľˡ


1322 Ϯ
Сѩĸֱӱ˫ۣ˯˯ʮ꣬ͻȻѹʮֲӦ
ӪʧƾЩħҲֲ֧˶ãҪ׻ָҪһֽš
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ͯľͬʱҶ֣֮飬ܿɢȥ
СӣڻˣɱҰ˸ܵܣ
ԳسݺݵĵҶ㣬ûԼ˸ܾܵȻһδɵëСɱ
ʼʱ򻹲ţȸϵϵʱǲţԼİ˸ܵˡ
һûлֵΪԼİ˸ܵǵʲôǿߣȲԭ򣬲֪ɱԼ˸ֻܵܵһ߽ٵɡ
˵ǰ˸
ҶһЦʮֵûһöҺԼϻʱһ롣
磬ϻʲôֱɱ˸ܱܵ𡣡
Ҳ˽һ⣬Ȼ˺ÿһƤĦֽײ羫졣
˵ĲɱǣΪȥİ˸ܱܵ𡣡
Ҳü£󵶣֣Ҷݺݵ
¡
ǿƣֱӽջΪƽأЩڿջ̿ͣ׷ȥԶ˵أԸ鷳
ܵϮҶһܣ˴֮ϣջ֮Ѿһѷ档
Сӣҿ㣡
ҶܣԴٴ磬ÿռ䶼죬ʮֿɲ
ǿķ򲨶һͷ޳ҶϮԵʮӴÿһ涼ζһ¡
ҶϣͻȻ˸Ĺâһдӡˡ


1323 ħ
һս񣬲£޴ĥ̴εأĩս٣ŵöǽ֮¡
¡¡
Զһһ㵹ܲסĥ̵εϵĳ̶˲䣬ԲױһգЩ޹Աӵһɶ
Ե屻ԭأȻ޷۴󵶷ǵֱӷһӦѣΪ䵽֮ϡ
ԶԿһĻ˻ǣ˵ֱӳԣȫ벻һ֮УͲǶԷ֡
ɱһ
ɱ¾֮˳ȥΪһй⣬ԵͻȻԭأ˫ĿŭоԽԽһ˿˿Ѫ˳Ĳ͸·档
ܣ
ԷĺУŶʮֵֻʣһˡ
СӣҪͬھ
ͻȻͣҪҶͬھֵܶˣҲû˼

һ֣Ե屻ԭأ޷ֺдӡ¡
䣡
ϳһ޴ӣʮףʲôҲˣԻΪһѪˮ˵£ʧ
ʮԣҶû˿˷ܵı飬ڰ˽ٵѾвԼвǾŽٵɡ
˵ز˾ǸϽߣ
Ҷֱӽ˴ߣѾʺϴȥˣһ϶ǿߵע⣬һоŽٵɳ֣
ûԥҶ뿪ǣϢһʱ䣬Ҫ·ˡ
һʱ䣬뵽һƬɽ֮УҸطϢ
ʦˣСѩĸĸô죿
СѩΪûκΪ޷УŷУҲܲסҶս˰˱֮С
ʱͯľʵǴСѩĸĸô졣
ҵϢĵط˵
Ҷ˰֣ûнͣɽ֮УҪҵεɽ㰲ȫ棬һЩǿ޵ע⡣
ɽ֮Уڳ֮ǰҵһεɽʮֿտǰסʡ˼ʰһ顣
óҹ飬ɽյһҶһӣСѩĸһˡ
Сѩڴߣ˵ŻһϢ׵˺ܶ࣬Ѿ˵ˡ
СѩѾҶһһʮ˵˳
ǼȥţЩҪ˵
ҶǼȥţ˴
СѩҲȥ
аͯľʮߵ˶ڴֻСѩû
ģҲȥɣЩҪ˵
СѩԴҲȥţЩȷʵʺ
Сѩ˳ȥɽ֮ڣʱžҶߣעСѩĸףʮ꣬Ҳһӡ
лչСѩ㣬Сѩⲻ⡣
СѩĸǿȻҪҶͷ
лĻͲ˵ˣ˵˵ɣΪħӡ⿪ӡһ̣ħôֵģСѩħô£
Ҷһ⡣
ǣ̫㣬һ仰仰ܽ͵һ⣬ôħ֮һħСܸң˵Щܣе飬Ҷ㡣
СѩĸûлشҶ⣬Ƿʵ
ҵܣˡҲܷ棡
ҶֱӾܾˣ鲻й¶ȥһ֪ԼӼǸ֮еõ϶⵽˵׷ɱ
ûв´һõħ
Сѩ׵һҶһԼõĽ֮⣬ûκ֪ô³ġ
˵꣬Ҷ¶һ˿ɱԣҶֱӽɱ
Ҷ㲻ϣѾСѩĸѾҶ֮Уõ˴𰸡
²μħˣ
СѩĸͻȻӴϹֱڵأԼľһȫǳ
࣬ʲôħ㲻Ҫˡ
Ҷ˵ϴκħ˵ҶѾЩˣΪħһƣû뵽СѩĸҲôƺԼҶ;鲻Ѱˡ
ֻеõ˻Ȫ۵пܲС⿪ҵķӡħвϣħ񡣡
СѩĸûڵϣɪɪǼҲǾη
ˣ˵˵ˣǲħ˵㣬˵㡣
Ҷûȥ࣬ħ֮еʲôħ
ȻħԸȻ֪޲ԣ
Сѩĸվվһԣһһ˵
ںܾǰħ缫һʱ֮ϣӻȪʧ֮ħ忪ʼ˥ܣֱķѣѾ֧ħ壬ʵͳħһ֡
ǽħ֮䣬߹ѪͳЩħ壬֪ʳྫѪûǣħ֮͵ȵǼ档
Сѩ˵ЩӦѪħ֮࣬ħ廹ǲͬ
ЩҶ֪ˣ˵ص㣬ô£ôᱻ˷ӡˡ
Щ£Ľ͸Ҷ˵ӻȪ۽֮Ժħһ겻໥ɱγ˺ܶ塣
ͺñ࣬а塢塢塢塢ѩ塢ȵȣϸҲϰ֡
Ȼ壬ǸͬħҲһСѩ֣ħ幦ħһ֣ǲʳྫѪ
ǣһأȻħģȻ
Сѩĸ׿ʼЩΪѣ֪Ҷħ֮Ҳ𽥴򿪣ʲô
ǰħһζңǳ֮׵ľЩħֱϵѪΪᱦԴħһ¾һգҸȼ
Сѩĸ渵ħһȻҲħĺˣ溬дħñСѩĸףħһ˿ʣҶΪֹħ塣
ħһˣ
Ҷ²һЩСѩĸӦħһ
ûħʮԣʱƹܻȪħڣħ嶯ܿͲ˻ȪħڣһڲѪϴħһ⵽ǰδеĴҲڶħʵΧ֮£ӵ½磬Ҳӡ
˵ϳ֮ɫû뵽ΪȨԴħһ𣬵߸˻Ȫħڡ
Ǵħģ
Ҷȫû뵽ģԾȻǴħǷ֮ˡ
û֮У˭ܽҷӡ
֮Уɢ֮ħλǳ֮ߣƹȪħڣ֪˷ӡʲôζ
Сѩô£
ղ˵ӡСѩкܴĹϵҶԽԽͿ
кܴĹϵΪСѩһܡ
˵СѩһĽ֮ɫ
ʲôܣҶƺֲµʲô˵ħ֣
ûħ֡
Ե˵ͷħ֣һϵе顣
ħ壬õħ֣ͳħ壬ǲСѩӵħֵϢй¶ȥˡ
ҶƺЩˣŵһɱ¾Ա׷ɱӡӵ磬Ŷһ١
ô֪ô࣬ħ飬һЩϹŶ֮⣬ȫ֪
ЩţҶô֮࣬һϹŶһ


1324 ʮָ
Ҷƺħ֪ܶ࣬Сѩĸ׶ﲻѡ
㲻֪֪ôħ絽˷磬˵ķ޷Ĵڡ
УСѩϵħô£ħô֪
Ҷһʳü⣬ĺ棬ħôܵ˷磬˵ɽߣҲ硣
ħطħѾǣ֮£żطѾӡ뷲磬类ɱ
渵κˣԸصƶķ磬ҲǲѶΪ֮
Сѩʱ򣬰ҲǻԴùʦ֪Сѩӵħֵħ壬ϣ̳ħͳħһֱҪħħ壬ʮһɱһɶ
˵˲Ȼ
Ҷ˵ͷˣʧȥħ֮ħķѣȨλʦס
Ϊ˲ħһǲϧһһεɱյСѩĸײӡֱħ硣
ΪҪӡֱɱ
Ҷʳһ⣬Ȼ˷ӡˣȫԽɱ
ΪڵһˣһħֳħᵮһΪնҳħڡ
֮У޾ĳޣħʮˣȻΧħ磬ֱԲڡ
ҵħ񣿡
Ҷ㳹׺Ϳˣħǽ֮ҲǻȪۡ
ûֻħܽ⿪ϵķӡԵҷӡһħӦˣЩ꣬ħҲͨ˸ֶΣȡϵĿľǼһˡ
Կ˿Ҷ㣬˼ԣܰҽ⿪ӡȻħ
˼Щһֱ˼أСѩϴλΪģҲħģһβ֣ħҲữСѩΣֱħΪֹ
ҶƺһȦ֮Уһж˾ƺõġ
ǵģһξǲ֣СѩҲᱻħ˿ȴʹȻƺһж˼ˡ
εҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ȻħЩλǿߣңɼ磬ǲĵط
Ժʲô㣬ǴСѩ뿪Ǽصħ硣
Ҷ㲻ħȥΪ࣬ʲôħ塣
ȻǸħЧħ񡣡
˵ֱ꣬ӹڵأħڡ
һ飬Ҳħ塣
ҶЩߣҪŭ
ħȲżܾԴӿʼ䣬𣿴һʼʱ͸һ
ţֻħ˲ܽ⿪ķӡӡǹʦµģȪۣѧ˺ܶ˼Ķ
Ҷԥˣ֮һ˿ã
ʮ֮ǰļȫʧѪȻԣԽ½ñʣı˷ϲʣһжҶ㲻һϸࡣ
ʮָһðŹʮָɢīɫĹâʮִаȴʮʥ
ħħʮָ
ԿҶʮָ׵ʱȷ֮Уһ˿ʡ
ʲôʮָ
ҶʮָôЩȥˣҶʮָܣ֪սʱ򣬶ᶯá
Ժ֪ˣʮָħһǿʲôҲһ֮󣬲ǧǰκһ֡
֪ޣֻ֪ʮָһǿʲôö֪
ֻ
֪ʲôʱĽ׳ˣüͷ壬Ȼ˵ĸ֡
ʲôǴֻ
ҶһʵرԣȫĽ׵Ĵڣ飬һߡ
ǻȪ۲һַɹ֮ʮָγһ޴ֻͨʹ˰ɾΰҵ
ĽЩҲǴӱ֪βö֪
žǻȪۣƺκ飬벻ȪۣĴ֮УȪ۵ʢ
ԭǿ󣬶ƹ磬֮УĵҰҪͳ硣
ݱκ񶼲ֻлȪۣҰġ
ħˣСѩĸ׽⿪ӡһԺ׷ħ񡣡
˵ֹ꣬Ҷ⿪Сѩĸ׵ķӡ
ҶԥˣǴħģһʵָǿԼǳΣա
ħˣǲǻǵģɲصģСһӡǵϣѾƿǵˣֻҪһǾͻ
Ȼûлָ̲ͣȻܿҶ˼ɵʲô
ĽҲ˵ͷСȻаԳ˵󣬿ƿ
ǰЩӣܿƽħһıǵˣӶ԰֡
Ҷ㻹ЩţһСȻԼ֮棬һӰԣֻҪҶ飬Ծ޴档
ħˣ㲻ҪԥˣħѾ֪ħ˵ĴڣһɳħǰϮϵӶͳħ塣
Ҷ㻹ԥЩˡ
ֻҪǷ޻ָԺڷ磬ȻܱȫȻʵָܻʢ״̬Ըһԡ
Գ˯ʮ꣬Ȼûɥʧ˿ָ̻֮У޾ıҪٴһҵ
ãԺٽħˣƺҶӼɡ
Ľ׺üʾ⣬Ҷǽ⿪ӡǿİ֣кôҶܿƶԷʲô˼
һ飬ֶΪҶѾй¶С飬Ȼǽ⿪ħҲҵ
һյʱ䣬Сѩĸ׵ķӡ⿪ֵ鷢ˣСѩĸ׾Ȼħ壬׵׵һࡣ
Ҷӣʵѩĸ壬һģ⵽ħķԣǻߵһѩ
Щε˵Ȼħ壬ħѪ⣬ಢ޲ͬ
ûӣ㲻ؽͣ
Ҷ˻֣СҲǾ壬ȫ࣬ҶȻˣЩǽͲġ
£ʮָм빫˵һݡ
Сѩĸ׵ڿٵĻָٴΰл
Ϊ࣬Ҷӷ㣬óһЩҩܿСѩĸѡ
Сɡ
ֱȥ˿˼Ա߻վһˡ
ʱ¶ܶ࣬Ҷ뵽Լĸĸ
ִ磬ˡ
ԼķȫָСѩĸҲϲҪվ
һжҶ͡
СѩĸףһҶлǴл֮
лҶӾ֮СŮӸм
Сѩĸ׿Ǻܴڶʮ⵽ӡڿʮᣬղŹӣȫֲһȥ
ôһ˲žۣúİɣ
ҶĽ뿪ˣߵڣ۾Щʪ
Ҷ磬ôˣ
Ҷ˶Χ
Сѩȥɡ
ҶСѩȥǸа𣬰ľһϵǡ


1325 
Сѩܿȥˣĸȫֱָȥһʹһ
⣬Ҷǿգ֪ʲôԽԽ棬ƫҶԤڣȫԼˡ
ϹѩĪ׷ɱҶɣϹѩǲҲɽģӵǿʵ
ħ壬һеһУҶ㶼ãԼ뵽һı֮Уһֻ֣εĲٿˡ
ҪҵԴͷҪϵһ죬ҵԼ
ϹѩҪɱԼħҪԼҵǵĿȻͬǴһϢǱһϹѩĴ˭
ҡҡͷ˦ЩӵϢԺϹѩһǷ˭ɱԼ
У֪ʲô壬ҲԼģģɱԼĲݡ
ԽԽˡ
ҶЦһߵļˣѵЩҲ˽һжƽˡ
ɫ΢ԴԼӻСѩɽ˳
μҶӣ
ԳҶһǸмһʱʮֿ֮žһˡ
ôǻָĵӦСѩ
Ҷ˰֣ԺôԵ֡
ӣкδ㣿
ѹħò˶ãҵӦԲߣħһɳŽ׸֣Ҷڵ޷Ը
ȥڣԺ㣡
ҶеĿģǰڣƻܱ䣬ˮڣܲҶķѾˣȿ϶ܡ
ģǷ޶ˣʱ䣬ָܻһɹʱܰӡ
ʵָĺܿ죬Ѿﵽ߽ٵңʱ䣬ﵽ˽ٵӦò⡣
ϣƺǣһЩָôףʮˣѾ﷨ͬһжҪ¿ʼ
ֱָָܻӻָħľ磬ǺȻǲܵġ
ͺñȰڷ磬ջۣ˷֮ͻᱻֱͬӱɷˣԷھ⡣
Ҳ˵Ҫ»صħ磬Ҫһµ۷壬͸ĽһȻǰڷ꣬ͬʣµֻǼѡ
İɣʱԱ֮
Ҷ㻹Ǹлǻ֮ģ⼸ʱ䣬Ҷʮħ͸ԼԴ̻һЩľŽ׸֣Ҳ֮
һˮľƣдӡ԰Լ
ʦԺôƺ㰡
Сѩ׸˺ܶ࣬ԺǸĸҪҶ㣬СѩȻҲһ𣬿ӦôƺҶ㡣
׳ƺҶӣԼҪƺ֮ˡ
㻹Ǹľһƺʦɣ
ҶܿľСѩкøУȻҲðȡ
СѩϽллʦʦ̵ҪȸҪõĶöࡣ
СѩϽ£ҶΪʦħ񣬿ԴڸСѩܶħ嶫
лʦ
Сѩʮֱӿͷ
ŶŶŶʦˣ
ľ˷ܵСѩҲˣʦˣԺһСʦá
һȺа𣬶ǸˣҲҶ㵣ǡ
Ҷ·ͬڳˣҶߣʱ̶ҪһʱȥҲҪĬĬĳܼį
ɣ
ʱ䲻ˣһ˳ڵķȥҶ뿪ãһȺ˳֣˳ҶϢٴ׷ȥ
ʱһȥǣڿ˳ڣҲǷڽ֮ء
һ޴Ưɽ壬ҲǷ⳯£ɽΪΣ߳ҲǷ֮
޴ĵɽ壬Ư֮ϣһƬɾЩɺףӰ֮УɹӪһԴ
Ȼ˷ڵ̣ҶûóȻ룬ððʧʧĴȥ϶ᱻɱ
Ǽӽ쿪ʼʵʵĴڰ˱ȡս֮УʺϺܶǰ
һδûоܾʵʵĻص˰˱Ȼط󣬶ұȽϳƣΪ˰ȫǴӦҶҪ
ϾǿٵĿռ䣬淨ޣûǿգһ䣬ڱ棬϶ܡ
ʰ׵Ҷҵһţó׼õƣ֮һϢݳȥˡ
öǵڷʱ򣬻ǳʯɵ͸ԼģԼڡ
ϧԸΥҶҲڣ鷢չѾֱڣлڡ
֮Ҷ㾲ĵȴϣĸѾصУ취
֮ǰʶĴϧ˫ϵһ֮ԵҶóȻǰЩͻ
ԼĪСʱ䣬ҶյϢסĿջλ糾͵ˡ
Ҷ㣬㡣
һԶɽյϢʱȫţҶ㣬ΪĸһöƣϣҶ㽫ܼڡ
ʯɻй壬Լܽط׷߽һ϶žη֮ɫƺ飬ѾǵĶ
뵱꣬ǾҶ̫࣬Ŷ̶̼ʱ䣬ѾҪʼҶˡ
һһӵɸ֪һϾ֮ûκζԹֻг֮ġ
Ҷ㣬һΪ㲻ء
֮󣬱Ҳ𽥷ɣȻڷڵλܵͣǶɹͻƵɾõ˴Դվ˽Ÿ
Щ̫࣬һֱϵڲŹʵǲ˼
ҶҲǸǶһ⣬Լˡ
Ҷ㣬ǧҪô˵ɷˣڵĴ׹
ʯɶЩʶҶˣۿȫţ紫ԵЩ飬ҶΪ
ҶֻܿЦû뵽ԼЩ飬Ѿεߡ
Ѿȥһ£丮ѾˣȻһ򣬵ǰҲϢ
Ҷ㣬εǷҿ˵ڻǹ¼ҹһû
ܽҶսڣһ䶯µĴ£˶ϣ
˰ɣƲڣֻǲ鷳ˣҲ֪ڵݣ裬ʱ⵽׷ɱʵڲ˼ڡ
ҶԾܾˣҲΪ˷ںã丮һϢ϶᲻ϧһд׷ɱԼ
˾ͽ壬ħ壬ǱڵвҶ㲻˴ڷڡ
ȻˣҲǿ㣬εкδ㣿
ҲҶ㵽˽磬һܽ
ǰڣüλһ¡
ԷǴڣҶ㲻ֱӴȥҪᡣ
򵥣Ҫ˭ǿ԰
˵ܽҶڣһҫƺʮֿġ
ЩҪһ¡
ҶҪǴĿġ
϶¶Ϊ֮ɫǶͨӣĸӣųϣпܣǼ궼ܼһΣ̫༶


1326 
ҶҪ϶¶Ϊ֮ɫޣȻҪҶ㣬ҲĪ
Ҷ㣬ʵֻŵӣƽʱ洫Ӷ٣ҪҪϣ洫ӡ
ʯɴεܿǷԷθ֮ԣҲеҪҶ㡣
ҳ֪ͨʮ£ʮ죬ûȷˣżҶֲס죬취
Զɽ̾Ϣһ֪ͨϹȻԣʱ䲻ȷҪʱȴ
ǲһڶҲҹɣ첻̸ģǺþò첻顣
Ҷʵ뵽ˣҪ֪ĸûܲҵ취
ã׼ҶֽӷϴҲԾ֮ꡣ
һ㹬һ޳ɣ׼ˮȥˣһ˵Ҳкüûˡ
к˾Ʋˣ˾ڷԺһЦﴫݳȥ
֣ǻжˡ
ҶƱһ󳯳ʯʵ
ʵҲǲŻãҡ
ҲЩΣϾλ΢һֱæڴԵ䡣
ǿ֪½ʲô
Ҷ뿪Ҳд֮ãʮԼˣǰ½ͨϢʽ֪ĸΡ
޷ϢҶ㲻ߺ½ˡ
İɣƼҸˣҶңȻΪǿĺţһ𣬳Խκţ֣ѳΪһ񻰣˴̡
Ҷ㻰˼磬ȻԼˣǵҲһ
˺ȵҹһȵĶᣬûʹԪƾƳȥϲָо
֣ҸĴһ֮Եλȥϣ԰ҴѶȥ
ҶҲ֮٣ԭ鷳ĴͨˣǺѼˣΨһİ취Ĵ
洫ӣλߣ򣬾ͻ˰˽ٵɣкܴϣŽٵɣһɹпȶ˵Ĵڡ
֮УһæҶ׺ܶࡣ
ʶʦ֣̫ˣиѣʦԶݣҿ԰ߣ֪㣬϶ġ
ҶĴ᲻Ҷ㣬ΪҶҪͬκˡ
ʯɵ֪ҶʶĴҲһ룬ٵ̣ص˷ڣҶϵĴ
߼֮ҶվڴǰľɫһֱƽǸойɱڿ
ǣǳ֣Ҷƺڤڤ֮оܸӦ
֣
ҶԳЩҪ
ʲôҪԸ
Ծһʮֿʵ
Ǹоڸңô£·ߣħôܷ֣
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һ˳ϢѰġʮֿ϶˵
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ҶЩţ˾ħԷôᷢ֡
һֱæڸ·ܶҶûиӽħֻ֮һû޷״
ѹһԲһֱ·ûҶú̸̸
Ŷ˵˵
ҶһֱɣԲô򵥣϶С
ħǻȪƣƹ飬ֻ֪֪֪Ҳ֪
һ˵֪ںδ
ҶҲûдϣ˵ȥ
һʣΪΪֻʣϿд֡
бޱʣһ뷹ûпһֻܿܳԡ
һлȪˮԻȪˮѾ֮иҲˣֻҵȪͼлȪˮħһֱһЩȪˮûȪˮӦλá
Խȫϸϸ˵˳ܶ˵һҶǰʶĻȪˮĻȪˮ
Ȫ֮ˮմֻ֮ҪһΣͻữΪҽҲ⡣
Ȫȥ˻ȪˮûȪˮϴͺĻԻ͡
ӣѾһʳһܸӦõڲڷ磬Ҳ
ԵȻϣҶܽȫҵһ룬ͿԺħ壬Ϊħ
ЩʧˣȥѰңǴǸʮ㣬֪Ҫ˯ꡣ
Щ󡣡
Ҷ̾Ϣһ绹δվڶˣȥԺ飬ֻһһȸ꺣еķ˵
ӲûģʱҴӰľ֪㲻飬ţɽ绹ħ磬ǳĺ޳С˵أݷǰƶ硣
ʱ䣬ûµʱ͸ľ죬֪Ҷܶ飬кҶǰ˵Ȼ࣬ǴһƲܶࡣ
Ȳ˵ôˣҸоΣԽԽҴȥһˡ
ҶȻص˱Լҹɫ뿪˭һֱԼ
ӣҶħ˽⣬ҿ԰жϣħ塣
Բص˱ϣܸҶһսħϵ˷磬Ļߣйɼ
ðɣһΣգ̳ˡ
ҶͬԷҪ󣬸ħӴȷʵ١
ʼӴǵͼħ壬Ѫħħħ֮࣬ҪԵǷǳ֮ߵħһ˼άǷǳ֮ߣ׶Ըֶ
˻Ϊһǣʧڿջ޾շȥƲ֮ϣҶԽԽŨƺȺڿ
ԽƲ㣬˳ߵ֮ϷȥоŲ㣬Ԣ죬ҶڵֻܷԽǼޡ
ƾ죬ɽ磬Ҳֻа֮ˣԾ֮ϣɽʵӰӡ
ԽϷɣԽԽңҶһʮʹࡣ
֮ϣ׵磬Щ׵ǷŭĶһУпֱӻΪɻҡ
ÿһ죬׶ǿϼ֣ʵóȻɵ죬˵ȥ׵綼ܲȥ
׵磬ǻҶҺҶѴﵽ˽ٵɡ
ԱܸߣֻǱ֮ͬҪҲа˽ٵң׵ǿܽܡ
ӣǲˣףóȻȥǳΣա
ԷɵҶߣʾҪˣȥΣա
Ǿá
ҶҲòˣڵսԼռƣΪ׵ħĿǣ׵磬ʮֲӦ
ѡ죬ҶҲСĽ׵㲻У׵ߡ
û֮󲻾ãԶӹɫӰӣȻһֱҶڳ׵


1327 e
Ҷ׵֮գܵѹƣˮԽ׵ǿĹ
ҶزãԶɫӰӣһ£ûĿʾˣħˣ߲Ҷ֪ݡ
˵ִ֮һһһĶиˮΣڵתˮɢŨ֮ȻǺĻȪˮ
ƾһλȪˮͼֵԲµĹȻûħǽȪˮĸӦҵԼλá
λôãΪ
ҶԴӰ˳ˣϴɱԷǰ֮ã϶޹ʷʸ
ȻСǻȥħпһ
̵ĺ˵ƺ˴ʮɳơ
ħˣ
ҶѾ֣ԷȻԼôã϶ԼһֱԷʲôˡ
Ҷ㣬Ƕ֪ˣǿ󣬵ս㲻ǵĶ֣Ȱ㻹ǹԹԵĸһȥ
Ȼϣ˶Ҷʮ˽⣬̶̰µʱ䣬Ҷһ
˵أ
Ҷ˫ֱأʶɨԷȷʵûдʴʣǰ˽ٵɣһϢޣ⣬ӦǾŽ׸֡
ӣǸ˽ңǰ˽ɢɣڶɾŽ׵ʱʧˣѾӵһЩŽ׷ʮֲöԸ
ͻȻ˹иҶ㴫
Ҷһ㶣ɢҶֻ֪һֱûܶߣڶɽٵʱʧܣΪɢɣһٽһ
Ҷɰ˽ʧܣͻΪ߽ɢޣʵڰ˽׸߽֮䣬ķԽ࣬ʵڰ˽ٵɡ
ǰĺˣһʵͺܲƾͲôһ㣬ͳɹȹŽٵɣȻŽٵɣʵҲ޼
ãֻҪǣסͿˣʣµĽҡ
ʣ˽ٵɣҶ㵹ǺܵģҪȫɱҲҪһֽţЩ˾Ǳô򵥡
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Ҳ֪֮ڵʵҲ˽ٵɣ֮ѡ֣ԼǿĶԵо飬Ҳһ
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Ҷڤ粻飬ֱӽҶΧ׼֡
ϲǿȵ飬ְɣ
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֮Уƺмɵ֮ɫ׵ǵĿǣʱףҶǹ⽫ϣ׵
ûκԥҶ㻯Ϊһǣ˳ȥһɨһ˺ɨǧɲϢ֯ķƣɢ֮ϣ׵·𶼱ˡ
Ҷ㽫׵һЩ뵽ɱһ֮Уǿͬˮһ㣬Ϊһһն¡
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ҶϱȻû䣬Ҳˣħ嶮÷ֱ˼飬ѵħ彫ħצ쵽˷֮У
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䣡
ɫąeֱִƿҶɱһռ䷢ҵĺʼȶԶԸ˴ҲǺأ׹˸
һȣҶ˺üſվȣһ˽ٵɣȻԼˣֱ˼顣
Ҷ㣬־ܣΪԽսսʤ˽ٵɣսʤ𣬱ˡ
ҶԽս飬ѲʲôܣԷȻ˵϶кܴİգȻҲ׷ɱҶ㡣
ҿðɣ
ҶһЦԷ÷幦ͲǵʵôǿֻһʮһҶŸо˷ǳѹ
һ󷨣֮ǣҶûм󷨣Լ󷨴֮УȫҲڴһ˿һϢ
㻹ģǾͽȡˣ
ٴϯγɺΧ֮ƣһܶˣ˾ȻƬ
ǿ֮Ȼסռ䣡
Ҷһǿħ壬ǰħ壬Ǻܵͣ似ãǳ֮١
˱ƣ
ҶԥֱӼ˱һ˸ʱ䣬ܷ˸ơ
еȫʧ˱ʥҶԼӸ죬Ѿӵһ˿Ϣзζ
ô
˴һϢˣȴ֪Ҷϻа˱ֱ
󲿷ʱ䣬ҶʹõĶдӡԼڰ˱ʹü٣֪ҲǺܶࡣ
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˳ƺ˱ΪҲ⣬ԼƵʱѾƫԭеĹ
ѹ
ָһ㣬˱ͻȻѹԷǿĿá

ҶҪսپҹζ֪࣬ûħܡ
󷨱˱ƿγɺϻҶĻˣһơ
һֵҲĺˣҶֱʩչ˴ޱȣκ˼ʱ䡣
ڸֵһ̣ҶдӡҲˡ
˺ȻҲһֲʧҶϻа˱챦
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һö޴ӡ֣һγĺˣʣµˣҶûг֣ɱһãǾͲγΧˡ
ͻȻΪһǣһΪȻ۷أȥ
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˷ֱӳ˹ȥֱǷ˼
ͫȱ
ͫӰ
һΣҶ㽫ƾеʩչͫȱʩչͫӰ
Ȼ֮ˣ·֮Уǿ쫷磬һ˰Ѫ⣬һƬƬ¡
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һˣʶ·⵽˽ʼɢҶץ˻ᣬ׵۶װ
ž
Щ׵֮󣬳׽ûȫ벻ԼʶôͻȻʧȥʶ
һжڵʯ֮䣬ǰҲһʱ䣬Ҷһǳɡ
תʱѾƵ˰˱ԼдӡĴҲԷһصıƿһѷ졣
һۣӱ˴˵֮У˲ţ˵Χ֮£Ҷնˣôġ
ԶսȻҲһ𾪵ĪԣһμҶսҲҶɲķ̼񾭡
ղ˵ʲôҪһȥ
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬ǸһĨЦ
ǿԸңʲôˣҿǲ
ֵҶѯˣʲôˣħô򵥣пħˣѾ͸˸
Ҷ㣬ǵȷ͹ˣɱǣҲ֪ǵݡ
˱׼Ҳй¶Լݡ


1328 
һƣʣ˲ΪǣǱߣΣķü㱻ɱҶҪս
һԥдӡٴγ֣һѹ¡
ϰ˱ֱ绢˺ܿ׽⣬Ҷѹơ
뵶а
ҶͻȻ뵶аɱ¾֮ߺһγһ񳱣ĺ˻δӦͱֱѹ

Ҷһȣֱѹ£ǷŭҰޣһѿа˱ϣҪ峹ײܶˡ
ɣ
ָһ㣬ɱ¾ֱ֮Ӷ˺˵ĲӣһѪҶûл壬Ҫǵ
ᣡ
ڶ˱֮Уһתһ֣һѾҶںδ
һӣһȵĳϫ֣ɱ¾֮Ȼݱɾ޸ն¡
ʽ
ԻأʽǸûмʶҲ޴ӵ飬ܶʱ䣬Ҷ㶼նж֣ǵϢֻǾڽ丮һΡ
ſɲľ޸ʣ˹ȵźţϣԽֵĺ˳ȡ

ͬħ٣Ҷ̤ƣֳ־޸˸£ɢ㱦⣬ʥ£޷Զ졣
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ϣһ֮УҶܲһЩ壬кһܴԼĵ⡣
ʣ˴ʧɫоԼļҪ˺ѣѹлϢš
ıѹ۳ɲ׺һ֮У¶֮ɫͫ׿ʼŴ޷ţ÷طǱҶƿˡ
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ͻȻһ䣬ֱ趯Ҫһʽ
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ܵ׵ƺҲŭˣܵ־ѹȣ׷ϯҪ˳׻
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ʣһˣŵһУЩԽܣӿʼڣǰҲһյʱ䡣
̶ʮӣ˾仯Ҷתս֣ϵĵȫ߸ǵ֪ЩϢ׼ȷ
Ҳɣ
һˣҶû飬ֱӼܵĿռ䣬˽ԭء

ҶһȣֱըΪ⣬Ԫδ⡣
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ɢɶҶɱȫںǵĿǴҶ㣬ʧˣѹͲں
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ħԣûԣֻɱ¾˼ͬ飬ԲСѩᵽĸָ飬Ҳӵԡ
ʱ䣬һ䡣
ħ±䣬ֱϵ˷磬Сѩĳħԣ࣬ö֮մȾԡ
һ䣬似ɳ֯һŷҪסˡ
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Щǿĳ޷ΣöըֻǽһҶüͷͻȻһ塣
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Ҷ㰵ԾԷķҲоŽٵɵĲΡ
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ϡ
һײݳȥ˶̶ʱ䣬Ǳײ似֣ս൱

ҶƷɫӡǴһ޴ס˷Բǧ׵ش
ǹ
˲Ųæƺϵˣһ֣ǹƿһзݼס
ǹ͵תΪһɫһʹڣֱײ˴
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ƿҶֵƣƺ˿ãһֱڵĴʧЧ
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ЦȻҶ㿴ܲϧ̫ܴͣﵽ˽ٵɣ¾ŽٵɶǶˡ
ߣҪɱңƺҲôס
Ҷһߣٴһ䣬еٶޱȣдӡˣƺһС
֮ݱ壬ϧϧȴˡ
дӡ֮У̰֮ɫҪҶϵĶ
һ޴ḥ̂ݺݵĳѹȥĥڿзǵռֱӱĥ÷顣

˲ŲæÿһжҶ㶼оʮ͸һ֣һì͸֮ĥмһ©
ڱ
Ҷһȣܵöٴαըýֵʱ䣬Ҷܿ첼ö
䡭
һκ˺Ȼû뵽ҶȵӦʱ򣬳Ѿû塣


1329 ֵ
ҶŹĿյöһκƺɣҲ벻Ҷ֮ࡣ
ɷڵӣҲƵʹãΪÿһǳʱ䣬һԴ
ʱʮöܳɹöͲˣԺеôʹõġ
Ҷ㲻ͬ꺣֮Уصķ̻ǳ򵥣ʧܵļ¼λΪ㣬ʮħ֮ǰͺܶԴ㹻Ҷƺܶöˡ
ҶҲһ⣬žԽԽߣЩͨԴ޷ӦҪӿ̵ıÿһ£Ҫúݡ
͵֮ţ޷ҶдɵԼĲϣҶƳ߼ɵ
öըһ̣ҪӦѾˣֻһܣǿҵĳǽɳȥ
ֻôһ˲䣬ͱҶץ˻ᣬ£ըѪܡ
Ҷ㣬ñɵֶΡ
ûʱƣһеǹҶŭ̶
ɵǰɣһֱҡ
ҶһХֱһɱ¾֮ٴλΪɱģݺݵն¡
ϣ
Ľͬʱ˳ȥһԲܺݺݳȥЩ׵磬žž

֣Ҷ˶ԷʵҪ׵նɱֺȻܣԷҪ˲նɱԼҲô򵥡
ӣϢˣ
Ծٱõħϴȫָ汻ͬķҲ޸һЩʵ΢
Եļ룬ľٴη仯ԸǣƣҶƵƵܣսһӷ˾޴仯
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Ҷıսһ˶Ըһȥǰ취ˣҪ֡
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ԭˣϧֻһΣѡ
ҶпϧҪֶܲһơ
ǧԽ࣬ĳɾҲԽߣҶ㵱ȻŹ
ǳҵȪͼֻлȪͼ֮УдĻȪˮ
Ҳε˵һλȪˮƻħ罵ģ÷ħ壬Ѱλá
ھлȪˮĿǰҲ޷򣬻Ȫˮ飬Ժ˵
Ҷ˰֣ĿǰҪ飬硣


1330 
ˮȪҶСĽһԺʱ䣬ϣҵһЩߡ
ӣ鵽Ⱥ˵𣿡
Լ˼ˣûħȻħ壬ȴħܲ߼
ûУεˣҲʶ
Ҷҡҡͷһʬ壬Ҷϣͨʬ壬ܲ鵽һЩʱҲãȻ
һħȫû϶ǰҪСģ˽ٵɲɱǣһιƻɳŽ׸֣ӿ˶Բߣ
ʮħıԣһβɣڶλ䱾ĿģĲݡ
ʱûУǰҪ飬ʵΨʵſԱ
ҶѾһξ飬ֻǿʵܱԼȫ
ɫ״Իص˰˱ҶһվڴǰŲƮ˼ǧ
ˣ
Ҷķű죬ҶջϱҲָȻ

ҶתӣſڣһϤӰӳҶ֮С
Ҷ֣ˡˡҲ֪˷ڡ
ľȻĴʯɵҹȥ֪ͨĴ֪ҶˣĴأҹϵ
֣
Ҷ㱧һȭ˫һϾ̫ϤҲֻй֮Ե
Ҷ֣˵Ҫ
ҶĿģʯѾĴϣܼͨ
ʵڣȷʵм飬ϣܵõ󡣡
Ҷ˵ͷ꺣飬һֱҶͷ˵ڵҲõһöķſ˷ڡ
ɾҶ֮УҲõһ˿Ҳǵõһö䵱ɣҲԴԴʱգܶȻ̻ܶаȵȡ
ѣҶֵĴڿ쳹εƾڵݣҲ˵ĹȥԣҶھ͸ǰȥڣҰ㰲š
ĴվӣС£ӦÿҶҪ£Ϊˣ֪ЩʣЩ鲻ʡ
Ǿͷˣ
ҶҲվҲûʲôʰܿĴһ뿪
뿪ջ֮󣬻ΪǣڿٷȥգۼĹ򣬾ͳڷ·
ΪĴ洫ӣλܸߣڣʾ֮󣬺ܿҶ㳯洫ȥ
һյʱ䣬ĴصԼǳһڷڵĵλܲһ㣬洫֮УԿǰ
һֵõ˹Ͻϴʵõ˴ĸơ
Ҷ֣ίϢ죬ʱڱչأصڻȷһأҵһʱ֪ͨ
ⶴʮ־޴󣬾ɼʮˣҲԵӵһңңһӦȫ
̫ˣ
ҶʮָмܿĴĸԼã˺ܿڶ֮У̸ĵãȻӢϧ֮С
һԱ˴˶кܴ棬رڷϣĴжصļ⣬ҶҲһƺ澶˿̻ĵ·ͨȴ;ͬ顣
̸֪һʱ䣬ԸƣŰ֣˶δĸо
Ҷ֣ҾͲϢˣǷƣƾƣһЩ֮⣬Գ衣
ĴѾΪҶһУó߼ƣдõģöƣ˷֮ߡ
л
ôķڣȻˣҶ϶ҪúõĹһɾһţұҶľ
ôã丮Ҷæʱܣһֱûʱ
˿̣ʱˣһۼķڣҶ㲻ĺûᡣ
Ҷ֣һе飬⣬أ֪ͨ㡣
ĴƽʱҲܶ࣬һθҶ㽻ôãĵãúһ
ҲãڷҲмѣϴûкúþ۾ۣλᣬҸһһ
Ҷ˵ͷϴΪ˰Ҷ㣬ʯǼҴҵ뿪ˣҶԴǸ⡣
Ҷ⣡
Ҷ뿪ĴŲƴԼƮһĿյͼϵָʾŵӦɽ²㣬洫ϲ㣬ĵм
ɽ֮ϣһڽڽݣɽ·תӷ£һֱϣһѵľھ޴ɽ壬еӣµϣҪݡ
ҶߣųȺɺף߷ɹȫˣڽĻϣԼëҶľ޶á
һƬ˼ɾ֮ء
Ҷ㰵˵丮Ǻ¼壬ڲʥأǸأ֮ѡ
ݺܿʮͬʱߣԵӵҶ㻨һʱʱ䣬ںöݣߵŵ
λʦ֣֪ʯס𣿡
Ҷסһŵӣѯʵ
ǰһףҹգһܳͨգܿһԺӣԺӣסĵط
ʮֺڹǳƣ丮Щӿɷˣթһ
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Ҷ㱧һȭ˳ָĵ·ҹգգȻһԺӣҶӵһԺӿʼȵԺӵʱͣס˽Ų
ʯɣڲÿݹǲˣܽʦյģܸʦֺ棬ĸ֣ƾȺһӶ洫λá
һŵӳʯɵԺ洫ƺ
ҶûóȻȥվ⣬֪ʲô飬˵ڹϸ񣬵֮ʮֺ
¶⣬һ׵ĺôףܻһЩʺǲɱģмŻĴףһ
ǻȥʦ֣ܽʦԼԸ⣬ǿʲô˼
ʯɵܿڷʱ򣬳ʯɶܽؾкøУڻȻһ洫ӿУҪŮˡ
ܽصò˹ɫǰ½֪
ڻص˷ڣ˵оͱһ洫ӿС
ʯɣڲ뿪ݹǲˣʦֿܽأҫ洫շԺڷڣԸõķչǰ;Ҳֹڡ
ŵһαһθ߿ƺһԲϾҪ֡
ǿΪһţСӣʲôӢۡ
ʯ첱Ӵ֣ʵ˼ңλҲû˸ߣʲôһأҲ⡣
ȻûоӲпᣬǿʳһֱǸŷ
ǵȷʲôӢۣȻ㲻ÿݹǲ
һǰȥʯɵ˱ƵǽǴܽأվڳʯɺɪɪϲҰףҲϣΪĽ
Ǹƴˣ
һʯ̲סˣҪ֡
֨
ڴսһʱԺӵĴͻȻƿˣ⿩֨ͻȻǵĽ࣬˵ߣ߿
ֻһͦεӰһ߽Ժ֮С


1331 ðƻ
ԺӣһųһУʯɻԶɽԭأһֱƵǽǴ
֮һԺӣһ˼꣬ϰԶϤˣһ𣬺Ѻ
Ҷ֣ôˣ
ʯɵһ㶣ƺоΣʱǼһ棬ֻû뵽ҶôǵԺӡ
֣ʲôˣ
ղ棬Ҷ˽ĲˣӦǽ洫ӣܽصòŴ⣬Ҫܽش
һŮӣ֮ãܰͽᵽ洫ӣǶŵӵԸ
ϧܽԸưһЩ潻飬㣬Լ壬ĳɾͣһ
ЩС飬ҶּЦˡ
ʯɱЩΣ飬ȷʵЩˡ
֣ˣѵȥ˵𣿡
Ҷȫˣֱ˽ȥԼһˣ˻޶á
Ҷ룡
ʯܿҶҪεգϣ顣
˭ܵǷʲô
˵ǻһƳҶĹʵСҲ߽ٵɡ
˭ҪλҵѣϣȥһԺҪǣȻ
Ҷ˵֮꣬Уһâƶ֮ϣԼĲӱһεסˣֻҪǰһܱ
ɫǵͨ죬Ȼ˵Ҷ֮Уһɫâ˸ʬɽѪûŵû¡
߰ɣϣѻ
Ҷ𽥻͸أһƨ˵ϣ֪ʪ͸һƬ
ߣ
֮УʵߣҶ֪ĿƣڴȥҲȡ裬Ͻ뿪
ȥʯɲһһĿЦ
Ҷ֣Цˡ
ʯɼ˸ϽҶ棬ЩΣ飬һ⣬ΪڵӣȷʵЩˡ
֣ҾͲҪˣһרлǣǣҲϵĴС£ҳݡ
ҶǲҪϵҲܿ컺
Ҷ֣𣿡
ʯʮֹģѯʵ
ʱûУڻö֪żסһʱ䡣
ҶԵ˵һ飬һ֮㲻չأƽʱҲǼ࣬ѷҶϼ죬Ҳ
һ໥죬ı˴ľſˣֻܽϻһ˿Ϊһر֮ˡ
֪ʧˣ϶ǰĿĲݡ
ѵ
һʱʱȥˣ̸ԺӴűһ߿һȺɷ˽
ﻹУϷɱһѱҪɱ˵Ķ
ʦ֣ղ˽ߣʦֶᡣ
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Ҷ㲽ȽڳʯǰϣӦþ˽ٵɡ
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͸һ䣬ֱҶ㣬ƺҶʮİûгֹˡ
Ҵ
ҶָָԼָָղԼδ֣ԷͿһñӣ˵Լˣ޳ܵģҶˡ
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˵˵Ҷʲôʱʦ֣ݣ
ʯɿȥˣﾹȻĿľϣͨʦֶԸҶ㣬ҲǱղűҶ֮
ʦ֣Ǳ⣬ܽؽ첻ߣ뿪Ժӣ˶ҪϵΪӴԺǵĿŹ
洫ӣŵɱȨκŶһǵλԡ
Ժܶ洫һ仰ЩŵТӣһȴһӡ
Сӣ˭ôǷڡ
ֳ嶯֮ˣƾһóȻ֣ǳҶʵ
Ҷ㣬ǼѣڣЩ˽Ҫ뼸λӣҪǼƽˡ
Ҷ㱧һȭڣ˼ҵϣҪһЩֵò죬Ҷļƻ
Ҷ㣿
Ҷ֣¶ɻ֮ɫƺҶ㲻Ǻİ
£
ҶףûıҪ
ʦ֣Ҫģ紫ԣҶ㳤ͷۣһӣоɽһ˾ǼٵģҪðҶţҡײƭ
ű֮ɫΪҶڵ˵ţҶ֣ϣ֪Ѷˡ
ȻĻҲԥ֮ɫҶ㿴ʮ㣬С䣬ôྪ춯ص飬ȷʵЩ
ε򶥼ЩţڶʮʱҲ˽ٵɣҲδ˾ž޵飬Щš
紫ԣҶħ壬ħһ𣬲ŵ߸丮
ǰվǰһͷβ࣬ȻҶ㵱յķ
ҶЦѣ紫ԣԼȻͷۣһӣҪǴȥЦˡ
ôһ˵ʯɵ϶¶֮ɫϾǶûĿã˵Ҷڶ̶̼֮ڣ֮ʯɵ˻Щš
ôĵӣȻðҶ֣ҾֳԭΡ
ţҲţҶᣬı£˵κ˶š
Ĵ֮⣬ΪĿҶɱй̣ƾٵɣնɱ˰˽ٵɵƣûʲôҶ
Ҷ̯̯֣һ֮ɫȥѾûʲô塣
Ҿ˵һһðƻҴǷڣֱ֪
һɿϣϽ֣ðƵҶ¶ԭĿ
Сӣҵ£ϹҿĸͷˣȻߺߣ
˵֮꣬Уһɱ⡣
˵أ
Ҷ֮Уɢһ˿ɱȻԼ£Ĳʲôûɫ
Ҿʹ˫ȣڹҵǰ
ţŴһģӿ̳ģһ֮ѡ
ĿԴ
ҶͻȻ䣬ֳ˲ȴҶ㲻߽ٵɣ˴ԲѵҪҶ˵
ҸģҴ°ͣʶһ£Ƿڵӵ
ε򣬷ڵĵλߣ֮ϣԽҲȻ
ɷ˵ֱӳ֣ȵİ˽ٵƣͬˮҶû
Щ߽ٵɣٵɣٵɣֱӱƷɳȥ
ǿƣҶ޶ԣվԭأĳʯɵʮֽҶѺ
Сڣһ
ƣҶҡҡͷյӣעǻǿʣΡ


1332 ݺ
˽ٵҶܶ࣬Ҳնɱܶ࣬ŵҲ٣Ļǵµģɱ
еȣϲ£ҪͽкܴĹϵ
Ҫ̻ٺã겻Բڷ棬гɾ͡
һʽϺõߣ궼Ҳޣǲǿߣڷڻв١
ӥ£ն𣬳Ҷѹܷͬʯһ㣬ҵĺ
䣡
Ժ洫ըѾ˵ע⣬׷׸ϵߣҪʲôˡ

ѹҶ³ĸֱ֣һɨһöƳˣݺݵɨȥ
飡
оһǽײԼϣ¹ͷǵϵķһϿһҽС

һҽУǶߵķݣֱӵɳȥһѪ˵ߵУݺݵĵ䵽ϡ
ģ
ԺǽǴԺǽ¡һӦЩʯֱӽ档
˴۾Щţȳ֣ղǿƣ˶ΪҶɡ
һʱ䣬Ҷһ֣˱仯ҶһƸȷˣſʯ棬֪
Ҷ㣬ôĵӣȻҳִǷ洫ӣˡ
Ҳδ뵽һƾͱҶȷˡ

Ҷһŭȣһŭˣһɿһ֡
ﲻǷڣҶһƾܽ´ܡ
ţ
ｫʯƿܿ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰֶ֮񶾣ǲģҶε裬ɱҶ㣬Ĳݡ
Ҷ֣㻹߰ɣ͵Сˣ뿪֪ȶЩԸ㡣
ʯɱȽ˽˷ǳѲ͵СˣӸղݻкܿһƲ硣
ˮڣȥ
ҶҡҡͷЦһûҶȥ

ʯһ̾ϢһҲû뵽龹Ȼôӡ
ٴߵ֮У˿֪ǵԺ棬˴һľƣдżƵĴ
Ҷ㣬սκεӣ˸ӦսųҪܻңһ¿ͷл
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㾹ȻڳԣҪսڵĵӣˣ˵ɣô򡣡
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λʵڲʲô˼÷ڣ£ڳԣǲǸˡ
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Ҷ㣬㲻ڽƱˣѾԺľƣսκεӣӦսųˣְɡ
һһҶˣԭԺ档
Եȣҿʲô顣
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ʯɳ壬Ȼ˹⽫ͲҶΪ
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ǲܣȻ϶йϵҽ̸µĸС
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ƷǳͣӦҲһŸ֮ȭޱȡ
Լ£Ҷ϶ʱ¶˿˿ɱԼδκˣȴ˶鷳
ģ
ȭ绹δҶˣȭͷΪһǣֱײڽɵȭͷ֮ϡ
꣡
ߵɳȥȭͷķѣҶһȭ򱬡
˻
ܴһҶһȭȻ߽ٵɵĽȭͷ飬˲˵
ŽɱɣӣǰϾʵ˼ңȥҲȡ衣
ɨһȦ˶ֱҶ˫ۣЩԭֵĵӣ׷Ϩ˻𣬾˵Զ֡
ҲĽͣĻ죬飬䣬Ҳĺ
ҶҲʡ͵ĵƣƣԡ
ôĿǷڣعأκεӣ˿ڳ֮ˣҶ׻û
һ䣬ԶһӰһ£󱳸һ磬һһӡ
ǿ쿴洫Ӷ׳ˡ
ܴ̾洫ӣʵͶ߽ٵɣ󲿷ֶа˽ٵʵɢɴڡ
ٰ˽ٵͻƾŽ׵ʱʧܣΪɢɣпܸıعͻƵĻᡣ
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬߷飬ֹЩӶҲ˷ڳ϶Ѿгϳ֣δֹ
غ⣬ڷڹȻƣǱųˡ
е飬ΪνӣԽԽƫѾҶκν͵Ļˡ
СӣܽӵסҶʸ˵˿Ļ
ǽţڷ棬Ҳͣټޣ洫ӵУǺܵ͡
ĳֱӷ˳ƿһȦص˶УʮǵŮС
ʦҰ㣡
ܶŮӣͽᵽ洫ӣر񶡰ֳÿεĵӣŮ׷Ŀꡣ
Ҷҡҡͷ׾ֵ͵廨ͷ


1333 ײ
׳ҶǻһߣĽ֮Уܿһ廨ͷпãҲڷһЩɾ͡
ɶʦָ㣬Ҷĳʤм
ҶӹҪȻݺҪ취壬ԷԼᣬʹ
Ľ˺գֱҶޱȡ
ҶҲɱ¾֮һɨǧǰһյش׵ĳԭء
ϣ
׸оֱһ飬ַɳȥ϶ʱѿ
ԭˣᣬȴҶһƵӶˡ
ʵͣܿӦһٴλһҪȸղŻҪϬٶҲһֻϰӰ˸Ѿ嶡׵ںδ
Ҷ壬ȻվԭأŶشһɣĿŶһδγҶʱʱһܽ׵ĹƻΡ
ʦ֣͹ȥˣ
Ҷбһһ˿ĿǣղŶ˵ڶʮˣҶ½Ƕû˵Ҷˡ
㳢ҵ׷Ľ
ʮգٴһ䣬֮ϣɢâԵɱһֺĵ⣬׷Ľ
Դ˽£ܴﵽнʤ޽ָ֮һġ
Ѿ嶡׵ӰӣһƥĽĶҪҶ
ĽҲ˼óۣ
ҶҲǽţ׷ĽǿϧʩչѾһЩˣµĶǻڵʽ
ɱ¾֮һֱ̣ûκι䣬ñһ꣬ųȥͱĳ壬ʮּ򵥣ȴʮֺá
ͣ
ҶĽ洩͸գֱڶ׵ϴ˹ȥ͵һ·ѷ
ԣղһ׵Ҳ첲ˣҶ飬ֻһ䡣
ã
Ҷսûгʤ׷һֳʤ
ϺһһЩ²̨
Ҷ㣬㲻ҪǷڵڶ࣬洫ӿ϶п֮ˣš
˵꣬Ϊһǣʧʣ˲˼˵һЩݻѡ
Ҳˣ˳Ĭֻ洫ЩĲʸҶһսˡ
ϢԽԽдԣ˵Ҷǹƣһľƣ÷ڵ²̨
һЩ֮⣬ЩѾˣҲ򲻹Ҷ㣬ڴȥҲûж˼
˻صԺӣ鶼Ƚϸӣʯɵʮ𣬶ǣҶ㣬顣
ǲҪˣ֮֮Ȼ˷ڣҾҪӦκοܷ顣
ҶĺֲܿǵһηϰΪ
粨ʱƽˣƺƽЩ׽͸ΪûһڿԺӣƺ˳ȥ
ҶԭصĴĶתһ룬뿪϶ĸΪԼһӱһǰ϶ˡ
ҶսҶ뿪֮Ҳܽġ
ǻҪ취һԼҶѾɱ
ɫԽԽŵһƣ·һ꼴١
ڴΪûսҶʱԺλ֪֮ͣôֵģƺƾð
Ҷüëһϴ֮ʶһֱɢȥԺһһ֪һʲôıơ
һβǻɼǿϢЩ˲Ƿĸ֣Ĵ֮ϡ
е˼ҶͷʢȻĿһеĵزǷڷ
ҲӴζЦݣƺڳŪҲԳ
֮治Уһֱչأ˺ܶ飬ȴû뵽Ʒڵϡ
Щ˶ǲţƽʱһֱչأ缫֪ǣֻЩĺģ֪ǵĴڡ
ˣ˭ȳ֣
мӿǵ˭ȳ֣Ҷ˭ǲġ
Ϲأ
໥һۣûзԣȻ˼ʯͷ˿϶ᾪһ÷ǧ겻λţҲôǵϷ
һ໥ȭӮñ˸Ҷ㽻ֵȨ
һжûбܿҶ˫ۣԺӵĴţҶȻǷƵЦеĿˡ
λˣ
ҶЩЦãѾ֪ǴеĿģֲ˵ʲôֻܴһԲ
Ҷ㣿
˶һ㶣ҲҶò𾪣Ϊһ磬Էϻͯǹͣ޷ı䣬ôᣬֻܷʵǶ٣ñľһ
㵽˴ʻʢָ֦̣ߴңľѾȥ˼꣬ǧꡣ
£֪λͻȻãк飿
Ҷ㻹ǲȷ˵Ϣʮǿ󣬾ܱ⣬֮Уž֮ɫ
ǾͶˣ˵սκεӣҪһ¡
ҲûԼҶдһ¡
Ŷһϣһһϡ
Ҷ˫ֱأһЦеһͷͬ죬ڷڵλԲ͡
ֵ߳ĶѾ˵ע⣬Ͼлһֱڹ۲죬ϣܳ֡
յ蹦ֳˣǸ֣ŵһûг֣󲿷ֶ洫Ӹĵӡ
ԭƬ⵽˷գŵһɲ׼̤롣
ôˣҶΣˡ
Զ˾ĵ˵رǿˣ֮У¶֮ɫ
ಣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һӰ˸Ҷм䡣
Ҷ֣ʲôˣΪΡ
ֵĴյϢ֮󣬵һʱϹǳһ
֣˵һܽ͵
ҶЦһܷչһ˭뵽
ʦ֣Ԫʦ֣ʦ֣һʲôᣬҶҵĿˣƷڵ顣
Ĵ˶֪˵λΡ
ʦܲؽͣ˵Ȼ֪è壬ˣǷڲһЩӦȥڻӿԡ
˵ǶǴˣʵ֪ڰʹ
ƫƫעӣ֪ΪƫҪΪ֮һȥ϶Է𣬲һ˵˸Ĺ˵£ӲӦս
Ȼλʦ֪ڰƲǲϵĳ֣˵ļơ
Ĵʵϵսĳ˵»
˶һ㶣ǵû뵽һ㣬ҪĳˣǱ˵ʹˡ
϶ʱҲǣҲǡ
λʦ֣ﵹһ취Ի׮飬ȫ˷ڵһԡ
ĴȻϣ˺˭Ӷ˵ȥ
˵˵
˴ԥ֮УĴа취Ҫ֪αڵӡ
ҶҲǷţǲһȶʤƣƴƴеƴˣҲ˺
Ĵİ취Ȼõ˴һ¹ԶЩֵˣ׷׵ͷŸ˼ȥû˼


1334 
Ĵ˵İ취õ֮
עصǷһζƴȷʵЩرˣ츳ǳ֮ߣҲǾš
Ҫһ־һ𣬲塣
Ҷ֣㲻˰ɣϾһˣǷˣռһƣģҿԱ֤ȫĹƽԡ
Ĵתӣһ˿ЦҶʵ
һоܾĿ𣿡Ҷ̯̯֡
ܾ˿϶ŹԼ黹֪һĴķȻЩڵ࣬ҲʤƣˣҶ㻹˫˭Ҳռʲôơ
Ϊ˿ڱƴѰ·ڸû˸˵ǵķڡ
ǺãȻǶӦˣȥţ
˫ӦˣͱȽϼ򵥣ĴϽȥϵųϣһƽı
Ϣܿ촫ȥص㱻ڷ嶥ֻ洫ӲſԹۿĵӶûʸǷڽþûгֹķƴһʱ˲˶Է顣
һ֮󣬳Ѿ׼ˣǧ洫ȫ֣ϰϣһãյϢ׷ǰۿ
һθֱǷһλ¸صĳϣҲʮעһ
غܴˣɼǧ̫ˣЩ洫ֲܣм򣬽̨
һǷƴ׼˲ϣһʽݣȣȣһͿ˭̻ܿȼߡ
ڶ̨нػӦƴҲһ̨мλá
̨¯ǰֲֳܷʤһأǵƴ
հףƹܷãγαʮң뼸λ̨
αĳϾȻ֮ˣ±ȽϹҰ׳ϵĵλǳ֮ߣڵĿеλǸ˵֣Եùƽ
׳ϣ
̨׷׳
Ҷ㣬μ׳ϣ
ҶҲ񣬰׳ϴüĿִô꣬һ˸˵׳ϲ
Ƕſ˴αҪĿΪ˽ٽչвǿʤ֮ģ˱˴˵ĺ
׳ϳһ˵ߣ˶ǾţҲá
Ҷͷʢţһţ츳ҲòԲŰ¡صı
ĿҲǲҶΪУǷھ£ֻҶǱ̫ˣӰ׳ϿҶһ̿ʼ͸оˣӲ򵥣ڲ졣
ʵǿԱƴԪ츳ߣڷƴԵЩĵã԰˵ƴ
׼𣿡׳ϳʵ
׼ˣͬĻش
Ǻãڿʼһ֣ƴڳǷ֣Լǵķ˭ĵȼԽߣȻʤߡ
׳˵˹أҪȭż£ʤ۾ܿ
ҶԪ׷ߵ̨֮ϣվһǰ϶һ
ΪԪǰ˽ٵɣ̻˽Ҷ߽ٵɣ̻߽հ֣Ʒ֡
׳Ͽվ֮ٴ˵ߵͻ֣ҶͳԿˣϾڶ֡
֣㹫ƽҲֳڲŴڣ¹䡣
ʼɣ
˫û֮󣬰׳һ֣˿Կʼˡ
ֳ˲侲ֹЩǰۿ洫ӣĿ׷׾ۼϣϣϣѧһЩ
ԪǷţǧûгֹΪһ䣬ԷԼصļ⣬ڷڣܶ೤϶磬¾оԪ
Ԫ¶ֵϵʱҶ֪ԼˣԪһǿķ֡
ҶĿ˼һ£ͨ꺣֮еķöøӹ⻬Բ
һ˿˿ɫϳҶϣƺʼ׼Щϡ
һģǿ˭ԲϵİոӾȷʱͬĲϣĥͬ
ԪĥٶȲõҺ嶼ǺķѪⲻķһֽĴڡ
ѪһŭԪָһ㣬ӰֱصҺ֮Уĥ
ҶҲͬĳӰ֣Ҫȥ
ҶעӵҶϣνӰҲһؿ飬ܽһҶʧˡ
ֵǣҶûʲôӦɷȴ޷ȥԽңѪԽڣƺҪȼһ㡣
ʲôַȻܿƷߣ
˿ˣ˵ӦýӰصѪУĥ̻Һ塣
Ҷ㵹ãķŭÿ̻Ĳϱĸӱ壬Ҳ
˵ַܿ죬յ蹦ǰڲɣҶ߷ƺˣԼص˾ѪС
ӰصҺ嵱еһ̣ҶΧ˱仯һ˿˿Ľ֯ϢǰҺ嵱ɢ
ƣ
ԶһϷһͺЩţˣܲƵĴڡ
γϣʲôƣ
ߵһЩ϶⣬Ϊγϱַǳ֮ߣõ֪ʶܶ࣬ҷ׷ѯʡ
̻ľ·Ҷ֪õΪƣӡֽϣȻγ
γϻ˵ֶžЩ洫Ӷʮֺ棬Χ۶
ξƣ˼߾磬Ҫ鷳ĥϣܲٿأ֮ϣγơ
γϵһò˵һǻûмʲôơ
ϾƣƣиߵĴڡ
ͳ˵ǵ˫ͻȻɢ⣬ƺһЩһĶ
ҼǵǷǰһţڰ˽ٵɵʱҲ̻ƣʱƳ絽һǳߵĸ߶ȡ
һĬĳ˵Ҳ֪ƵĴڡ
ֻЩ½ϣһЩ洫Ӳ֪Щһ׷׶ǵ˫ۣ̫꣬쾹ȻҼ
˾Žٵɣ̻ܿƲΪ棬ЩһӶ޷ƣΪ޷Լ·ںһ
ƣֻ˲̻֣ܿҶ߽ٵɣƣȷʵЩϹŶЩ𺳡
Ͼ֮ǰǸǰ˽ٵɲŲ򣬶Ҷ߽ٵɣһ磬Ҳ˵Ҷ㳬Խ˷ǰǸš
γϣǰǸôˣ
Ǵҹĵ⣬ܴӺγ˵ţ϶ҲǾž֮

γָָָϣ˵
ҶĬȻ֪ֻɽ磬ھ죬Ҳֻɽ磬Ƿһ׷Ŀꡣ
۵Ĺ̨Ͽʼ໥̻
Ԫʷʮоÿһ£ͬһɶҡһööӡԾȻ
Ҷӯʧÿһ£һڿճǷѪ֮


1335 
ǧĿ⣬ˢˢľۼ̨ϣ˿̻һģѾ˴ĳȣ
ǣòվӣҪߵ̨ϣĿã·ôγɵġ
֮ˣоϱߣ޷˿̻·
ʱٵţվԶ϶¶֮ɫǵȻ֪Ԫķ츳
ֻû뵽Ҷ츳Ȼ֮ߣ̻ٶȡԼˮƽȫںԪ֮¡
ԪС͵õҶпһҹ֮𣬵ôģǴҹĵĻ⡣
ĴվԶϱ鲻ϵı仯һǾԪķ츳Ҷ̶̼£ָСľϲ
ʱ֮һձʣһλᣬֱ̻һöƷҪ
֮󣬷׷һףܴҵļ顣
ʮλһ
׳Ͽ˶ˣԶʮʮڷڣλǳ֮ߣкγϾڴС
ʮ߷׷վߵ̨֮ϣΪһ飬ֱ
վҶǰ̻õóŴ󾵣ҪڿһЩ
úúã˷Ҽ
һϿ֮󣬷֮̾ĲҶ㣬ǺԪ֮Ǳߴ
߲ϵͣƺ֮ʶ޷Ԫ
ҶߣϳĬγϿһ۾ƺ˼ʲô
ʮʱ䣬һ̧ͷ໥һۣ˵ͷһ仰ûб̬
ôɶͷԣ벻ãܵĸ۰Ҷ㶼͸ˣ̫ˣֱۣԪǱߡ
Ҿ˵Ҷûʲô˲ģҶǷڳԲѷȡ衣
洫ӷ֮ΪҶ㲻ȻҴӦı
ûǷڱƴѰ·
˴ű֮ɫΪҶ㲻ܵҰԾĹ
໥һλãղżԪҲע⵽ߣΪκγϵһ䲻ۡ
Ǽǵĺ֮ģߵҶǰҶ̻
γˣߵԪǰһܿ£һʱͼˡ
Ҷʮʱ䣬ЩϹŶ˵һ񣬾ֱܷӡ
ҲĬˣһĬ˷ֱоʮʱ䣬Żϣʮϻ۵һ￪ʼ˸˵ʲô
׳϶һͷˮֻߵ̨ϣһҶ̻ϱ̳˱仯
һ仯ò˲׽ˣҶ
ô£Ϊλ
Щ洫ӵȲˣҪ֪˭ʤˣһȼߡ
ʮʱ䣬̸ֹͣС
һ飬һַƴҶʤ
γϴλ˵һֱҶ㾹Ȼʤˡ
ûۣҲû֮ʣûиӦֱۣ˵˽òԽܡ
ǲţ볤˵ԭ򡣡
˲Щ˼ӵԪΪż񣬴˿̾Ȼڷһ;˻ܣòԽܡ
ʮûЩ֮ǿ˺ԪΪԪ֮УҲһ˿֮ɫ
ԪԹۿҶһյʱ䣬۲Ľߴҡ
γúԪȥҶ̻õȥۣƽ
ǣϣ
ԪҲӦˣҶͬ죬ղſ̻ɵһ̣Լߵ·ԼҪƺܵԷϢӰ졣
ԪߵҶǰСͻȻһϸе
һյʱ䣬ܼžһƬû˴ϺԪ֪
ʱܿȥԪСĵĽ£һø
ʲôγϳԪʵ
Ҳһˡ
Ԫشʮָɴ࣬һյʱ䣬ȻûҶο̻߽ٵɣȻ̻һöӽŽ׵Ʒ׻֮ϡ
Ҫǣö覣ÿһ·ɣ˿̻ȥƺӡ档
ӡ·ǵܱ⡣
ʲôԪϰˡ
洫Ӷ˺ԪղŵĻش𣬷׷վٴξ䣬ѵ˿̻˷ڣ
˵˵ĸܣ
γϣԪͨλᣬܲĶǿһᣬٽչ
ֻĸݣԪۣĸԡ
ĸ֣
˵Ŀⶼ۽ںԪϣϣõ𰸡
˺һԪ˵꣬ϳһ˿į֮ɫԼǿķϣЩԽܡ
˵Ĳ˺һĲԩ
һĺԪļҪģҶ㣬ˡ
Ҷ㣬Ϊ˹ƽҲԹۿԪһյʱ䣬ԣϣָһ
γϾȻ˵ĻֳٴγֲСĸ߳÷ڣҪһδɵëСָ㣬ȥȥЦ
ҰŪǰͲҪɷˡ
ҶЦѣڷָ˼֮ǰŪΪ
㲻ôνΪʦǵĿľǽȡ˴˵Ĳ㣬֮治Уڻûеµĳ̶ȣһԴԶܷһҶ󡣡
γʮת˵˵Ĳ֮治Уûĸ˸˵£˵Զưȥ
ڲܣҲܣֻвϵȡ飬ֲԼĲ㣬ܳԶķչȥ
ܽˣ
ҶʮǫĻش𣬿ʲԷԼǰϵ˵֪ʶ۴ɣлʶ۷塣
Щ洫ӶĬˣγϵһòȻ
ܶ˶īسɹ棬ԳһңԸ˷Լ;Ҳ֪ûһӢ
ֻвϵĽﳤ̣ܶȡԷĳһϵƣ˶ɵʸ
ԪҶϸĹۿü֮䣬֮ɫԪҲҶΪ̾
÷
һյ֮Ҷ㽫ŻϣҶֵۡ

γϲҶۣԪȷǺ÷ĸӹɣҶ㡣
ʷԾ˳أһɶ칤ڿһ϶Էһ̵оûһ˿覴ãǼƷеļƷ
Ҷ㼸õ֮ʶ˵˳ۺԪ
˵ЩǶˣԪиɻϷ򣬶˵ܳԽ֪Ϊж𣿡
γϵ˵ͷҶ˵ƫƫӮ˺Ԫ
֪ǰָ㡣
ҶϹ񣬻ָ㡣
ϣ
γƽϢһԼ˵֣ϡ
Ԫ覣иɻƷ
ҶһҲ棬һζϡ
˵ȴʵʵڣ·֮Уֻȥȥץסһ˿ƫƫҶץˡ


1336 ս
ϣ
һµĴ˳ĬžϣϵܲһЩʲô
ԪͻȻȣɢһΣޱ
ˣлλϵָ㣡
ԪͻȻϥ£ζԽԽŨִ󳹴ľ˷츲صı仯
ʱȥˣԪϵζһɢ˫ۣ϶һ˵Ķ
ԪϢʮ϶¶һЦ
ϲ㣬⣡
γϹϲԪνĻᣬȻɹ⡣
ӻöлָ㡣Ԫ˴񣬸лʮλϡ
øлǣܵδɢǡͬνＫطľ˵ϡ
γûнܺԪĸмǸߺԪøлҶ㡣
ΪҶδɢǡɺԪľ˱仯룬Ųôһ˿⡣
Ҷ㣬ʵڲһݣе֮¡
ԪҶʩһ񣬷ԷθȫһƬ֮ģûκľҶ㣬ϣҶָ
⣬⣬͸ˣֻǰ㻽Ѱˡ
Ҷ˺ԪĸлղСһۺԪûԼ֣Ԫվһ죬ҲԼ⡣
ʮλ϶Ĭ˼Ҷⷬ⣬ѵԪ͸
Ҷٴη仯һۿģӣϣҶϿһЩϧҶһֱž޲ûκ
ˣڿʼڶ֣
һֵһʱ׳˵ڶֱ
Ҷм̨Ҳȥղŵ飬֮Уûһ˿ޱȵŨء
˵һ¹أѺñϣǵ㵽ֹʱΪʱֳܷʤƽճһֶʤ
׳˹أ磬ʱʤԹ涨ڰʱ֮ڡ
ҲɱҪ㵽ֹ˺
˫ԵͷϾûҲܼɱ⣬ֻһȶ˭Ӯ˭䡣
ҶѾӮһ֣һ֣䣬һˣһ־ͲҪȥ
룡
˫ƣǱͳڡ
ʹõǳڽ棬ھһָһĽ
ˢ
ҶҲ˳˶ý֣һײԾ֡
˲书˽սһ𣬽˸ʣÿһײܳĻ𻨡
ֵתнϢȻҲֵ⣬Ҷ֮Ͳһ֡
Ҷ㲻֪ж󣬷֮УűǰǾ֮ˡ
ϣ
ٴײһֿ˵̨һ࣬ղһ֣˴˭Ҳûκ˭
Ҷֺý
мһ֣֪ûУƾղǼ֪ҶǸ֡
ֵĽҲ
ӽ֮Уᵽ˱˴˵Ľ⣬ǹԶ֣޼᲻ݡ
սԽԽʢƺѪȼˣϵٴη仯Ϊһֱߣ˲佻սһ
򣬻ǵ⣬һ𣬱ˣǰ˽ٵɣҶ㲻߽ٵɣһأû˿Ҷ㡣
ȻҶ֪ӮˣҲʣǱ;ˣݲøġ
ɱһ
ҶʩչɱһͻȻޱϬֱӴ͸ռ䣬գۼĹ򣬳ǰ

ͻȻתγ֮Ҷɱһֱӽˣ˴˵һʽóһЩЧĹ
һУҶһٴλλһһɨǼһֱϮҲࡣ
úã
սԽԽŨþûĴսĵԭʼս⡣
èһ㣬ٶȺܿ죬ƺҲһЩʲô壬ޱȣҶķ֮⡣

˳ϷһĶ˷Ǿÿһײŷ⡣
֮ٴηֿӱ˴е̬Ͽǰ˭Ҳκβ˭
һ֣ҶҲʵǿǳǿ󣬳ǵƾҶԷ־ǳǿ֮۶һ֮ܽơ
֮ˣ궼ˣǳǿȶǵ־
ˮľ꣬ҶսʤĿܣˮľŶԸصĺˣ˿̻ڻָܳ
Ҳ߱ԽսʵȾŽٵɣǿǿԪ񣬲һ˿ʣҲмĹϵ
˿̵һ֣ǰ˽ٵɣԾŽٵɶʤ㣬Ȼսʤһ߽ٵɣͷˡ
ۿЩԼ洫ӣγޱ𾪣ʵĿãȻһ߽ٵսƽ֡
ԪĲԩ
Щ洫ӿʼҶ㣬һҶǽңǵڶҶ㼸ûнҵĿܣǸսĲ¡
ҲҪʵˣеûжá
˻ǱȽϿ˫Ͼһ磬ԽսҶ㣬ֻʱ⡣
һǺѷֳʤֻܵϼˣ
𳤽ڴȥڽϣ˲£ѷֳʤ
Ҳд⣡
Ҷɱ¾֮ʱѾȥһ֮࣬ڱȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
ϵտʼ仯ԽԽŨƺʱ䲻ˣҪսپ
Ҷ䣬䣬һˣҶһˣս˷ţʤա
һĺ裬γڲϵĽ֯ƺ齨һž޴״ơ
ҶҲƣ֮дӡʽ
֮һ֣Զ̨ٴη֮
þ֮
䲻ܶеǰ˳Ӿٲʤ
ҶдӡȻǴطѧģԼɣ϶ȣܴﵽ
Ȼ֮䣬ܿһж󣬷һö޴ӥſ˫ᣬҶڸǶ¡
ǲӥ򣬿ںһֻ޻꣬ç޵޵һ𡣡
Ҷ㰵жϣҵƷתдӡһ޴ḥ̂ʼѹ
䣡
ϴҵĺ̨ʼҡβֹ
ǿҵĦݱһĢƣ̨ϿռϢͬƣ֯һ໥ײ⡣
ƲϽӡעȥײԽԽǿܵĽƣʼĵƺгܲסļ
֮£ɳϣʼӹ󷨣ά̨
ģ
һ죬ӡͻȻɢһǿϯȥ
飡
һֱֿܿ䵽̨Ե
һƬ죬Ҷؿӱ˴˵֮У˸ӿȵĿ⡣
ʱ©ֻʣ²һյʱ䣬˫ֻԲݱһĻ棬ܲľ˽ȥ
֮
Ҷ㷢һͺҲ֮


1337 
Ҷ֮ǳϤԼҲˣһ֣Ҷ֮е￪ʼԷϢǣ
ִַСҶΪеΪԵ뷨򣬴Ԫ
СԼСϾӵо̫ϡ١
˫ﶼʮֺӵԽ࣬ƷչҶǱƣ޷
Ϥ֮Ҷ¶һߡ

Ҷʩչ˴һɫԭأȻ޷
ɫֵһ̣洫վЩţʲô壬ѹûм
ʧǧ
γǵ˫ۣһ̣֮Уֻ֮ȫʧȡ֮һĨȡ
ǰʮĴҶô֮ǵϴɽ䷢گҵǧǰʮκһֱ֣ӽɽ硣
һЩţɽ綼ϵɽһЩϢҲͨط
дӡǧʮֿǰĵӲ򵥣γϼ˵
ҿ
һȣɢһǿˣܷȥǿгڽɫϡ
䣡
һδεĳĽԽԽò˶ãܱƿ
˶ޱȽţⳡ뽺ŵ״̬Ҷ㲻Ͻӡάִ
֮
ʱˣ֮ϣͻȻһɫâһⲻʵʳǽݻ
ͣ
ɫĽâΪһǣֱӴ͸ʱ䣬ɫ˲ӵܣҶĴƿ
ʦ־ȻԼ֮Ҷôǿ𣿡
˷׷¶֮ɫ֮ʦѹ׵ľھʹˣսʮֲ
ĿǰΪֹҶƺǷƵûʲôҲûʲôƳ֣Щ似ֻ֪ۿҶʩչһΰˡ
ǴдӡѾҶ֣ͱ˵һ
ǴҶ֪Ҷ㻹еƣǳǿĵƣֻЩƣԽսɱﵡ
ҶϳһɫղųŴѵһ˲䣬Ҷץסһƣϸо
ν
н޽ڱνĸ֡
Ҷ㣬ҲǷ󽣷֮һɽ罱Ƿڣʹ׽
û׽ǷУɽʹġ
е˼
ɫһʧҶƺҲνȡеĳ
һɫĽðʤδ֣Ҫȥ
رˣһƽ֣
Ҷ˰֣ûиȥƽճ
ò¶֮ɫҶռϷ磬ֻҪеĵƣпսʤΪͻȻˡ
⣬ھԵ£Ҷⲻ߼
Ҷ֣һɡ
Ҫ֪ԭ򣬲ҶΪҪⳡ
ܼ򵥣ȻսһʱҲѷֳʤóеƣս֣ҲⲻܾˣⲻҪĽ
ҶûзԼеƣȫó϶ͱ©ԼʵҶ㵱Ȼ룬ǰΣķܽɱȫ©⡣
ڶӮΣҲǾţ϶ɱﵣŪþܾˣװ׵ĵһǱڶ֣ҶΪֵãû֮
ڳ˶˵ͷҶܶϤ˶飬ʵѵã¶ýˡ
ãǾƽճ
ףҶô˵Ѿ߿ˣҪ֮սһ϶ԼΪһʼûһ˿һʤ㣬ֻӳĽֵʱѡ
׳ϵ˵ͷΪŽ׸֣ѾһЩŵʮĵ˵ͷҶһ˿֮ɫ
ڶƽ֣һһյ֮ʼ
ôã׳ҶϢһյʱ䣬ָԪ
˫ԻصԭأҶϥ£ʼָԪղһ֣ʧԪǺֻܶ࣬ǾЩήҡ
ֽ֣֮ǧԾҪΪ̣һжϣͻᵼսֳ־ת
һյʱһζҶоȫָ֮У˸⡣
ҶҲǳϤһƳɵɣλ֪֮⣬һ֪Ҷƹɵ
ʱ䵽ֱʼ
׳ϴһ֣ҶӮˣʤҪӮˣ˫Ǵƽ֡
Ҷһߵ̨ϣ׼¯ǺѾػݲϣһģһֳڵĹƽԡ
ݽϣÿλᣬ˭ĵҩƷԽߣȻʤߣһֱȵ
׳˱أҶ˵ͷʾס
Ƴöһöĺã䣬Ҫ
˸վһϸĽμ׼ʼơ
ʼɣʱ涨ʱ
˶׼ˣ׳ʾ⿪ʼʱΪʱ
ðҶһЩӡʼ󷨣ѾʼƵҩˡ
ҶҪʲôƵҩʲô󷨡
˲˽⣬ֻʱʱ䲻ǺܳԣҶúã츳ʱ䲻ҲƲõ
һֺʱ򣬼󷨸ӳɵļʣٶȱø졣
һЩԵоϹŶ׷ָңҲо󷨣Ƶҩ
ֻûһ󷨣õ󷨣֮¯ʱάƽ⡣
ϧ̫֮ϡ٣Ȼַ֪ţҲ޴֡
ǱѾᴿĽ׶ˣҶ߻ڲ󷨣ʱһһйȥգ֮һյʱ䡣
˿ʼΪҶ㵣ҲڰиˣֻҪƽˣҲ˷ڵӣָһʤ˴˭Ҳӡ
ѾƫƵ࣬ʱѾӽƻ裬ֱ֪пһʱˡ
һʱҶ㶼ڲ󷨣һöҩҪɹˣѾʼ׼ڶöҩϡ
ƣҶĨȥͷϵĺˮ³һſʼƵҩ
ǲһһҩӽȥ
һҩɵõĵҩˣͲһܳΪɵ˽ƳɵӣϧûʷĳС
Ҷ磬Խϴӣܼܲһ˾ѪƳɵ
иҶѣ˾Ѫʣ¼ΣϧûжٲϣƲöɵ
Ҳд㣡
ϴɵǰаŮǽ죬ҶҪԼܲƳɵ
ҶַԽԽ죬ҩᴿܿɣںϣҶյʮַҲ졣
ʮ֮һöҩ¯ˣɢһöõ淨ɵµļƷˡ


1338 𺳵
ڶöҩҲܿ׷Ҷ㣬ʼڵһɹöĽ
¯гһöīɫǺܹĵҩҶ㿴ʱˣֱó˾Ѫ
Ȼ֮䣬̨ϳһǿϢϢʱɨܣĵ¯㶼Ʒɳȥ
ǧ洫һվ׷ʲô飬Ϊð˵Ϣ
˾Ѫ
Ҷó˾Ѫһ̣ϳǴġ
СҪʲôѵҪɵ
ڲ֣ܶҶó˾Ѫһ̣֪ҶҪʲôˡ
ˣһǷˣ߽ٵɣɵһ׽٣϶ᱻ
ΪҶˣ̫ˣ߽ٵɣɵⲻѰ·ʲô
ֻоŽٵɣʸɵΪǲܳ׽ٵϴ
һ˾Ѫ뵤¯֮еһ̣еϢŻʧҶ㽫ʣ˾Ѫ´Ƶʱʹá
ǺöһһΣҲ֪ҵ˾Ѫˡ
ɲڵ¯عҶͻȻ٣һӡ֣ӿ뵽ҩ֮С
ʱֻһʱˣҶ㻹ڵҩɹ򣬾ɵкԶһξ롣
󷨶
ҶҽͻȻһȣ󷨿ʼת֮ˣһֻεĴ֣ҶһƵҩ
õ󷨸ҩԼٶȳͣϾҶǵһɵܶ໷ڲǺҪ󷨡
Ҷ꺣ϵѣÿҩҶ͸ıַŻٶȡ
ɵ̫ɲһը¯󣬹̨ᱻһգܡ
һ˿˿Ҷ֣߳Ǵɵɢ֮ϳһźڳ߿£
һɵͣͻ׽٣Щ϶̲סˣ׷վ̨
̨ܣΧˣĿãɵγɣڣֻһҩɹƹɵڳ֮ˣû˿Ƴ
꺣֮еķȵĹâҶֱ֮ϣƣЩƵҩƱҪơ
ù·Ȼ϶֮ߣ
ҶɢЩ·һδε𾪣Ѿóˡ

Ҷָһһֱֳ֣û뵽¯֮ϣҩ˲ֹͣתɢĽ⡣
¡
ҩ͵һ̣ϻһ磬׽١
ȻĵӲܵ϶ǿԽݣ׷վڽϹЩԶҲһ
Ҷɵ˶¶֮ɫҶ츳׾ˡ
ͣ
һ׵£ֱӳ¯֮ϣҪҩ
˶ҶһѺǵĵĲ˭Ӯ˭䣬ǿܲܽɵƳɹ
һɹɽ編򣬶󣬿Խɽ練򣬲򾳽硣
׵ϾҪеҩҶֱһɨȻ׵ץģЩ绡ҶҪ֮

ӷ˼ˣҶ㵱ڽ׵ˣ˵˼άǶԭأ۾ЩԽܡ
׵־⵽ƣ׵ҪҶ㣬ҲҪɵ
׵֮󣬲д׵û뵽ɵ֮Уʼϴɵʡ
׽٣ɵһԲҪ׵ϴӣܽһЩȥ
һһǳ֮죬ת֮ĹѾ¼ʮ׵磬󲿷ֶҶգһɵ
ʱʱʣ޼ЩҶȥעˣϵԽԽܼҶǡ
ģ
һˮͰϸ׵£ֱ̨֮ϣһ޴ӣҶ㱻ƷɳȥҺ󷨸һ׵֮
˱֣
Ҷ˱ø֮׵磬ӿɵٶȡ
󲿷׵綼գҶڳ˻ᣬٴνӡҩ
̨Щ˵ȵʮֽû뵽ɵ˸ӣһǰ
ҩɢĹԽԽޣ淨ƣѾǳƷɵ
꣡
һ׵£̨һԵϡ
ŵòʮⱻ׵УЩ׵ǰ˽ٵɶҪСӦԣҶ㲻߽ٵɣȻֵܵǽա
˵ĿⶼǿһҶ㣬ϣҶϿһЩߣѵࣿ
һԵЦѣӵһֿʼƺͱˣһֱҶΪ
ֻҪҶɹɵȥˣȻ֪˭Ӯ˭䡣
ɢҶɹĵֵ׽٣ҶҪص׽ٶοССɵ١
һɳ©ʱҶջӡƳɹһöӲӵĵҩʮְڵ¯֮С
ܼžһƬû˿˵Ըɵɵǵǰ
˽ٵ̷߰˳ɵĻͻƵŽٵɣ֪ɵջж
Ҷʤ
׳ϵһ˳ţ˽ֱҶʤһƽĳɼսʤ˷λš
ûκλ֮ɫ¶ǿš
Ҷ֣ܽˣǰǽݰ裬ĿˣһĿΣ㣬ǸʶĲ㡣
ĶӺԪٵԼҶչ¶ʵ׽ҲǣǾԽߣʹǿ
˴˱˴ˣҲ˺ܶ౦ľ顣
Ҷûκư֮ɫʮֿıһȭϵ𽥻͡
Ҷ㣬öɵǿ𣿡
γߵǰ棬ͣʮͦΣƺ˼ʮ֮꣬Уָɡ
ˣûм̼ıȶûе⽣ӰȴǣشЩϹŶ׷׻ѣѪƺˡ
룡
ҶƣǵһƵҩҶҲƷΣÿôָһ˽еĲ㡣
λϷ׷ۿﲻоʮʱ䣬ŽŻȥ
λǰָ㣡
ҶϣָһϾԼһζɣһ̱
Ҷ㣬ңǲǵһɵ
γϴѯʵҪ֪Ҷǲǵһơ
ʵǰҲɵƣöԼɵĵһöɵ
Ҷûǰȷʵɵƣ󲿷ֶаƿء
ѹ֣Ƶɵ޿ޣֻЩϸСĵطЩ覴ãⲻӰɵڵһƾͳɹεǵһˡ
γϲ֪˶£ʱţһξͳɹɵûС
ǰˣֻǽҶѡ
ҶǫЦЦҲɺϣԼǿϴΪӣҶųɹ
ûϴβգҶܵһξͳɹ
ȻöɵƳɹģҩǷڲȡ͵ǽµ⳥
ѾȥҶݺҲҵĻʹ֮ˡ
лǰ
һöɵһ֣ڴѾõöҶֻʣһöˡ


1339 
ΪһöɵĵѾ˸ղűȶĳԡ
Щ洫ӿҶĿ⣬Ҳɿʼıģһɾη
Ҷ͸ڳȣģҲųСҲУΪǾ磬ҶԶ
Ҷ֣ѾˣĿ޷ͣȻǿŵ֮ĹϵҲˣǻᰴڹ洦
Ĵ˹Ҷ򣬽ŵ򵥵˵һ顣
ˣ
Ҷ㵭˵ûжĲǷڲ飬ҶҲøԤ
Ҷ֣ǲǻн٣
ĴҶ뿪Ѿ뿪Ϊãٽ֦
ֶˣܲ࣬һףѾˡҶſЦҡҡͷ
ҶַģѾΪĵӣҲõ˳ͷϵΪڡ
ĴҶЦı飬ŵĴ˵˳
Ҷüëһû뵽ڳͷôأҲãԼɱ˻
Уλŵˣ꣬кܴĹ֮ͣ󣬴󲿷ֹ˿˿ۣ˵øлε飬ų׼һ飬һЩȫ˳ȥ
Ĵ췢򵥵˵һ飬ڶ²Ǻϣͨ飬ǿ˹ڵƶȽơ
֪˻صĴҳʯǱҲϢʹ˺ܶԴò˶ãǾͻƾ磬Ϊĵӡ
ҶѣҶ֪ҶĴĹϵҲ̬ԺҶѾǵѣڳʯڷڵλڽʸߡ
Ҷ֣ڸһϢ
ص֮ûϢ֮УȻ̸ۡ
ʲôϢҶ㿴Ĵ
⼸ͻأسһ˿仯ӦһЩʲôǰˡ
ĴҲǴӳõϢ˵⼸ء
ŶȷǸϢ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣܲһֱȥҪǷչظʮ꣬Ҷֻİ취ˡ
Ҷ֣ҾͲϢˣ϶ˣǺγøģΪһηڵ⳥ϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
˵꣬ĴóһöָҶ
÷ڣֻİ࣬ȷʵĨˣԴǸ⣬óһЩԴҶ㡣
ллγϣ
Ҷӹָʶһɨ治ԴȻǷһ֪ʶ
ЩҶǴһЩǷڵܣȻԼҶЩԥˡ
ǲǺܾȣ
õʱҲЩţЩ̻ĵòʲôܣǺγһģ˽͸㣬ʲô㲻γ˵ˣӦøл㣬㣬ԪҲϡ
ĴԭתҶ㣬γҲǷ֣Ȼ̻ܿǷ軹ĵ÷ǳḻҶ㽫̻Īİ
ŴָҶоģôĵãһ̨ס
Ĵ뿪ˣҶһڶ֮Уóγϵ¼˺֣ܶǹڷġ
֪һʱȥˣҶսʤŵϢҲţҶ֮ޱ
˿̵ħһҲǷӿǻȪħţǾħڣ׷׶ħһϢݳȥ
ڻȪħһڵħˣħ죬һаħ棬ħ峼ڽ¡
ħȥ˶ˣСʮֽƻǵ˾֮ϣ׵ѹƣնɱˡ
һڵħվ˳졣
һȺûõĶѾħ彫Ҫһͳ磬ҵʣħط죬ռҲпܡ
ħŭҪõȥȫûħ
ħõģѾϵˣڸֻҪҵСӣ̽ħ˴á
ħžηŵ˺ܶࡣ
Ǳ߿ʲôϢ
ħҲŻ˺ܶࡣ
ħǱûʲôƺҲڵǱڸŵľ
ħ彫յϢһһ˵˳
㻹ŸʲôϽǿһҪھĵǰ棬
ħЩһȣħܱӿȥ
ǣħˣ
ħŵɪɪϽ뿪ЩħһҴһ¡
֪Ҷڷڹȥ֮ˣյһϢڽء
ոټ峤ϣԼ̫ϳϣǰ´ӭء
ҶҲʱ׼
һֱͣҶҲûнӵ֪ͨڸϲ顣
Ҷ㽹ֵʱĴҴҵ˹Ͼϲɫ
Ҷ֣Ӧˣھ´ȥһˡ
Ĵ˸߲ңҶǰȥ
ʱĳ壬ʮ֣αչʮ꣬ڳˡ
յʱ䣬Ҷ㿴´滹ӰС
Ҷ㿴ϤӰγԼ׳϶У󲿷ֶǷһ
ӲμԼλϣ£
´֮Ĵʮֹʩһڼʮ꣬Ҳѡ
˵֮Ĵ˵һԣĴԭء
Ҷ㣬μԼλϣ
Ҷ㿴һףһӣͷϴһ鷽ʮľ޷÷ϵһ𣬵һǷס
ضҶӵղλ϶ˣȻ֮š
״̾ĿǣȻλһ飬ۿҶ֮󣬹׻Щ΢΢ȡ
ˣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬ʲô֮ҶôΪֻԼıȽ϶ˡ
ɣ
װ˰֣ʾҶ˵ٲȻһƽ۽
л
ҶҲû飬ףӹϣݳһεѹӦþǰɾ
Ҷ㣬ڣΪ£
ѹҪ֪ҶΪҪԼ
ʵһҪ
˶࣬Ҷû˵ʲô飬Ҫ̸
Ƕȥɣ
ܿҶ֮еԥһ֣˶ȥʱ䣬ߵһɶֻʣҶˡ
ûˣ˵ˣ
վߵҶ£ȽϺгȻ߸ϡ
һ֮룡
ҶվϹһ
˵
˵ڴӼǸ֮УõһöķҪĦһ£ǰȫ
Ҷ˵꣬ٴʩһǰҪڵõöԼĶԱһ£жϡ
ҶҪ֮¶Ϊ֮ɫ
˵Ҷ㣬Ȼźܶ洫Ӷûмܣй¶ȥ


1340 
ҶҪ֮üͷ壬Ҳվ
˵˵ɡ
ûоܾҲûдӦҪҶʲôɡ
ΪҲõһöŲһϣܳȫ
ҶûԼõ飬ҪöԷԼȾҪ̹ϣõԷϿɡ
ȻҶҲõһöϱһ˿ͷ˼
Ҷ㣬ҿǼ죬㰲Ĵڷڣдһ֪ͨġ
˼һ£ûֱӴӦҶ㣬ǿһ¡
ǺãҹĺϢ
Ҷ˵꣬Ϲ˳ȥ뿪Ĵû뿪ҶûѯʣǴҶ뿪塣
Ҷ뿪ãγϵһЩ̫ϳϴԶ۷˻ص˴֮С
ҶܵǷк飿
ڶ೤ϻǲףҶڻᷢκιϵΪܵҶ丮ҲôϲĹע
ʵǰأ͸СкܴĹϵ
Щ˶ǷһҲûʲô
⡭
˲⣬ôΪһҶǰأһ߽ٵɣҲһ֮Ĺע
ΪĴˡ
˵һϢȻ˵ҶĴˡ
ôܡ
λһվЩԽܣ໥һۣӱ˴˵֮У˾ȸ𾪡
ûõһֹһö
׸ղƾӦжϣҶ㻹ֹõһö
ѹͨһ
ŻȻҶڷϳ˺ԪӵкܴĹϵ
ôģ
γﻹ͵ӣģ˾仯˿ʮ䣬ױˡ
ʱҲ֪ҪǷڷ
ҲǿЦһȸҶ˻ȥ
㲻Ӧ˰ɣһˣǾ鷳ˣһͻᱻֱͬߡ
һվϣҶ
ɱҶ㣬ϵǲǾͳΪĴˡ
ʱһɫĳ˳Ȼ˶񶾵⣬ҪɱҶ㣬
ɣˣǸɱֱһǿĵˣǷڵҲסˡ
ֱӰ˰֣û⡣
Ҷ㲻ĴˣɱȻҲɱˣˣԷڲɱҶ㡣
Ǹô죬ܲȥɣ֮ͬǷԺڡ
ڶ೤ϣ໥ۣ֪ξ
Ҷ֪𣿡
γ֣ͻȻž
֪ǣ㣬ɽ綼ǣڣãΣĲֹǷڣɽš
ҡҡͷûиҶ顣

γϺܿʲô顣
һյ֮г϶뿪ˣֻʣ¹һˣ˺γϵĽ飬˵ͷƺ˴𰸣ʵҲԥ׸òô
Ҷص˶֮ʮƽڷ
ת֮䣬ȥˣĴһҶ㷿䡣
Ҷ֣룡
ĴҶҲʮֹѾŵһ˿һζҶ˴η֮УǱô򵥡
л֣
ҶվӣЩӶо飬γ͸ԼĵãҶ㿴ܶǰĵطȻʡ
˺֮ܿϣ֮УһˣĴҶ֮뿪
μ
Ҷ˴Ȼʮֹ
Ҷ㣬㲻ؿɣ
ʾҶ˵ô
лҶ˵꣬ġ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ⼸쿼˺ܶ࣬ҿԸһ𸴣ҪԣҪӦһҲ㽲
ĳ˵ȻӦҶԼ

Ҷһͷˮһ˵ʡ
û꺣֮еķ
ÿ׶֪Ҷ꺣֮УʱػһΣգ϶֡
ʾҪʲô
ҶһʣҪ꺣飬֮ȷģ׿϶֪ܡ
Ȳ˵ȸ˵˵顣
ҪҶʲôû˵˵
˵ϴ
ҶԼҪ֪Լ꺣ܡ
̹ſأʱһƬ磬̹Ŵ񣬽ԭĿռһΪ͵ء
׻ЩԶҶ˵ͷʾס
γ͵ֵ֮λ棬ñε򣬾֮һЩλҲγŵȣγڵĸ֡
׶˶٣ûм˵
Ҳ磬ɽ磬磬ħȵȣǷ磬͵ȵλ档Ҷ㲹һΡ
ûޱȾ޴󣬴˭Ҳ֪߼λУ˽ļ磬֮ˣһҲ׷һֱϢ
ͬҶ˵ȷʵǵ͵λ棬½ǵ͵еĵ͵ȡ
ʲôϵ
Ҷʵ浮ƺûжĹϵ
Ȼϵص֮󣬳·صһ̲ģһöɢ֮УԵõ֮ˣлὫλͳһ𡣡
˵öɢ档
ôܣһ֮ͳκ棬磬ħ磬磬ɽ磬޽ȵȡ
ҶҡҡͷЩ˼飬ⳬ֪
Ȼпܣöصģ֮ĸ֮ԴҲ浮һ̣һӡ·
״Ҷ㣬ֻҪöпͳǧ硣
ǷҲУָô㣬пܣѾҵôܼ롣
Ҷ˵ؼԵĻ⣬ѾöԼöһööȫö֪
ģ֮Уֻһˣ֮˼Ȼͬûв´ϲֹһöɡ
ЦеĿҶ㣬ҶϢжϣԲֹһöϡ
ȷʵõö
Ҷͷʱɵһöֱ֮ͬԼ꺣ķںһ
Ҳ˵Ĵˣ֪ʲô𣿡
Ҷ׹׵ĵˣһԼҲͬʧȥڿ϶ӦӰǸ顣
ˣ·ͬԲŸ˵ôࡣ
ҶˣԼĿǣϣʧԺڡ
Ҳǽ첻һ죬Ҳõ˾һ֣лصԭʱ򡣡
ҡҡͷҶαظôࡣ


1341 ս
ҶЩˣԼпͬ˵ھӦ
˵˵ĳֳһصԭ㣬Ҳһһ죬ڴӦԼ
׵˼ƺԸҶìܣҶ㶼ͷˡ
ʾҶվһϣֱָ·
֪ˣ˵˵顣
飬׽ܸҶ㣬Ǹ˵֮ˡ
ֱ˵ʲôֱ˵Υ¸׵ߣһӦ
Ҷ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǰѻ˵ԼΪѵ
ܼ򵥣ǷڣͬˣҲǷ֮ˣкôǷҲĪĺô
׾ȻҪҶڣҶЩ֪롣
Ҷ¶Ϊ֮ɫ˵ﻰЩһϰˣϣܵŵԼڵȫҪڼʲôš
Ҷ㣬ȱżܾԶԶô򵥣ֻкôûлΪǷڣɽ绹ţֻҪڣлõɽɽڵС
˵һ洫Ӷ֪ܣɽ羹ȻҲС
ɽҲзڣ
Ҷ㳹ˣѵɽһֱϵ
ûǷʵɽһ֧ܶŵӣ͵ɽ֮Уӵ飬ɽһͬǻ޷ɽ罻ڣۡ
û֮Էչô죬ٲɽ֧֡
ˡҶһ䣬򣬿϶ֹһҸɽϵɡ
Ҷѵ֮еɽڷ罨ġ
Ƿ֮⣬мŶɽϵһЩصĹңɽ綼
׼Ȼ˵ˣ̶
θɽϵ
Ҷʮֺ棬ɽ֪پ룬һʱվڣνϢشݡ
ܣȻˣҲ㣬ǷѾûиɽȡϵˣɽϵǣȻûа취ɽ繵ͨ
׿ЦһȻɽķ֧겻ϵһ£ʵ
ѵɽڷʲôˣ
ҶʵȻô궼ϵһ¡
пܣɽĻҪǷ绹ҪпᣬǵţҲһһϦ֮ڻһ
Լãɽһʲô飬ȻڲἸ겻ϵ
Ҷ㣬ʣɲ⣬γأһܵǣĵڶ޽ҪкõţɽֱӴߣʣɽѡвʲô⡣
һ㱻ѡˣϣɽ֮󣬾ϵڣ׷ʲô飬ֻҪӦЩҿۿ
ĳ˵˵ô࣬ʵҪҶ뵽ڡ
Ҫܱɽѡиãʱ䣬ҪǲܣʣһҲɣʱɽ磬ȻҲܲ鵽Ϊβϵǵԭ
ڿԣҲиǲϣжƣΪϰ˶ϲܵԼ
ҶûʲôʧһôһŴԳֶΪ
ģڵʵڳˣӣѾǳίˡ
ҶӦ¶Ц⡣
ҿԼ𣿡
ȻѾӦ˫ǽָ߶ȣȻмһЩĻȻܵС
ǰ㻹һҪҪȥ֮ڻ
װ˰֣ʾҶ㲻Ҫż϶ڡ
ʲô飿
Ҷϳɻ֮ɫû뵽Ȼô鷳
ȥһսȥˣʱ̳Ѿڵˡ
ûʱҶͣ뿪ӦѾڵȺʱ
Ų֮ɫҶ㻹ѡ˹ף⣬ȻкԪԼĴ档
˼Ƿˣ˿̻һҶȫ㲻ףսʲôط
Ҷʦܣ
ҶһǰƺˣֱӺҶʦܵĳν
λʦ֣
ȥ²⣬׹ϵԼ϶ӦԼڹ֮⣬˶֪ˡ
ʦܣʱ䲻ˣǱ߱˵
Ҷ첽뿪Ѿ˱˼ʱʱ䣬ٲӽʱˡ
ҶҲûʣ˷ٵ뿪˷ڣããȥ
һ·ϣҶô¡
սԶʱھʹڣɽ磬꺱ͬԣһƽ㣬սֳ
ֺҪǧŻγһΣǳǳĺ˶һΡ
һս֣ǰΪսǳңԶҪ߽ٵɶ˵ܲܰȫȹ
󲿷ֶǰ˽ٵɲʸǰŽٵɸ˵Ҳǰ١
ɽ磬սǳȻսģ䱦ϧǧȥˣܽս֮
ʦ֣ս϶ֹε֪ɡ
սط֮ϣͨɽ磬϶ֹε֪
ĴǰսҲ⡣
ȻֹĴǰңԶʥ壬Ҳ˽սϣܵõս񴫳С
ϵΪҶͣĴֻһƬ֮λ治֪λ棬ôࡣ
ʥ壿
Ҷֲİ껹㱻ʥɱǵؾʱ򣬾ʥ塣
ʱʥʥǣΪ˽ʥ棬ȻʥķƿĽƣҶһʥߵ׷ɱ
ҶĬ˶һ֮ɫʥ弫֪ѵСʦܼʥ塣
ʦܣôˣ
æʵŹ֮ɫ
û£ֻǺ棬ʥʲô塣
ҶȻ֪ʥ壬ǵҶ㲢Ľֻ֪һЩƤë
ʥʮأҲǴӹżҵһЩأĽ塣
ԶʱڣǳǿǿľѷԽԽֳ磬ʥΪ˱ѪԶ磬µļԪҲԼ磬һֱҪͳǧ硣
ν磬Ȼ˽磬ɽ磬磬СͲһһܣʥΪ˰磬Ȼһ档
Ҳз磬֮ϻи߼һֱϣ߼Ȼʥ壬һ
ҶһֱҶΪǧļޣû뵽ǧ֮⣬ʥĴڡ
Щ̫ңԶȲҪȥȡսܵõսϴһ粻⣬սıǰҪ飬ᱦ
Ԫĺܿʲôʥ壬ɽ磬磬ԼңԶǰҪ飬νս


1342 
ͣͣѾȥһʱˣûʱϢսʮңԶԶңɼǿɽڡ
Ϣһ£ʱ䣡
Ϣһ£·ʮƣһΣգ
ҲãǶˣĴҲͬĸǰ˽ٵɣҶϾ߽ٵɣҪչһЩ
һ·ϣҶҲˣڣֻ˲Ż˽սʸΪ·;ңԶսҪ̣ˣҲһܽȥ
ϥ£ҶĿͻȻһ£Ҷ㷢ʾ
Ȫˮ
Ҷ˫ۣħֽȪˮѰԼټ
ʱ̱ħ嶢ţҶܲϴնɱˣ֪һħʲôǰһɳŽ׸֣ͷǳΣˡ
ܵҶϢ˶Ӧˣ߹
ʦܣǲǷʲôˣ
ԪŹ֮ɫҶֻимһβϣķһһ
λʦ֣иˣ֪ϲʶ
Ҷ㽫˱֮еĺ˳ҶһֱҪѯʣ˵ǰڷڣʮֲ㡣
ǰ⼸ˣȻԼϵһ㣬ҶҲǣ˳
ŵĺˣѾժ¶ԭĿ
Ӿ
ͬ˵Ȼʶڵϵĺˣ׷¶֮ɫ
ʶҶüëһȻӾħ֮ˡ
̫ʶǷʥ洫ӣǰйһ֮Ե
°ͣЩ⣬ʥ洫ӣʬôҶѵżڵʦܣɱ˷ʥĵӣ
ʦܣɱ
ɻҶɱ˽ٵɣӦòǺѣҶɣֻǲףŵε򲻾ãܵʥˣΪη˳ͻ
ǣ㣬ǻǲҪ֪Ϊá
ҶæӾսħֱ֪˶Է֮Ҷ㷴üͷĸ
û뵽ħ彫צ쵽˸šҶ㰵˵Ҫʿ֪֪ηӦ
Ҷ㲻˵Ҳ׷ȥÿ˶Լܣγǡ
ʱ䲻ˣǳɣһ·̣Ӧþܿս
Ĵ˿ʱ䣬һ£һʱ䣬壬Ӧܸϵս

˻ΪǣʧʣգۼĹ򣬾֮⡣
Ҷ뿪ãǼӰˣ£ɫ·
ԺķΣͷҶ϶ʶֳɣʱҲһϽ
ʦ֣ϢʧģӦ뿪Ųá
ֳ߳һ꣬һ̣滹һλɫˮΣת
׷ȥһûȪħǰõ
ֳɸȫӣʱϱʮҲһһϢޣƺ֮УǱʲô
̶գϵ˳߸ĿĶϣսõս񴫳С
սɽһ񻰣пܳΪĴڣ֪ôˣսǱɽ磬ɽľ֮С
һʱ䣬Ҷ֪սģγɵˡ
ңޱߵʣһ޴ĵƺļ֧
ЩƯսܣϵתγһƬ
սĵײǿĵģһ޴޾޿ڣɢ
Щ֮ת뵽ս֮Уάսȶ⼸һѭ
ʦܣսڣڵײҪɹ룬ҪԵŪûᱻֱ˺ѡ
ָָսĵײзԲСЩϵı롣
սһͨɽڶڡ
ԶȥͿһɫޱȣһ۾ֱܷս۸壬ߵ㵽
ƺսᴩ棬֪ͷںδ
˹񹤵ҶҲԭأԭޱȾ޴򣬴˿̸սȣԵ÷ǳС
ǧΧսйת棬ǧŸһһ㣬γһΣ˼ϵӦ֪ʲô
սʹڹεĵشҪ룬ӵײ룬Ϊսûڣ·һԲӣ
ȻȣԵ̫С
Ҷ˵˵˶ʤ죬ǰԵöôС
ʦܣҲԷƱʣ綼̤Ƭ۷壬ʱڿƬ磬Ͳľˡ
Ҷʲôֻʵ̫ͣ͸ء
ˣǸϽȥɣ
ԪЩȲˣǱһ죬Ѿ˽սˡ
ǸϽȥɣ
Ҳ˵һ䣬һ𳯹εĵشȥ׼ս
ʦܣ˸˵һ䣬ڵǴӼǸ֮еõģǴսҲΪʲôսԭ򡣡
ͻȻһ䣬紫ԣڴӼǸõһöķ˷ڡ
ʵǣڵǴս֮лȡģʲôǸ
ԭˣ
ҶȻѹֹȽսһѰټս֮лûĴڡ
϶սҲйϵϣͨսܲҵö䡣
뵽׵ģҶЦһԼĲ¼ȫǶġ
ҪݺԼʱʵһֻƾܽԼѹûбҪĨǵıԼս
սһжҪԼöͨѶպãս֮໥ϵȡϡ
óöͨѶͨѶܸӦõҪĹܣܴ󾧱ڡ
ܶͨѶоƣһпռ侧޷ݳȥ
һһöսǾڵĵײԽԽˡ
עˣһ
໥һƣû뵽ޱ޼ʵĺڰС
ҶҲһͻȻܿƣƺһĴֱ֣ӽסϽ޾ħԨ֮УȫԼĿơ
ܴ־ҵ˺ѸУҶ˺ķѣ˵ʶˣֻҪɢͱ˺÷顣
Ȼһ𣬶޷ܿԽԽң˵岻ϵĻζҲԽԽԶѾ˴˵Ӱˡ
Ҷ˫Ŀħ֮壬ֵ磬õƪҶۿ˲٣Ȼá
ʱһһйȥҲ֪ȥ˶ã·һ꣬·һ죬Ҷȫ֪ڸ˺Ѱ֮£һͲʧȥ֪ˡ
䣡
ҶͻȻ֮˫ۣͷ֮ϣ׵罻֯һ
ͻȻ֮䣬һֱϱ۴ҶƮûгɹȹķѣղ
սк֮ôĸ룬Žٵɶ⡣ҶЩ⣬ս֮Уʲôܡ


1343 ˲
ȵ׵磬Ҷ㶼Ҵ⣬ȻԼ׵֮ܿ׵֮
ñһά֣ĸɣȻҲ
Ҷһӣ׵ޱȿ񱩣Ϊսӽɽ磬׵磬Ǻɽ־Ƿ׵ܱ⡣
Ź׵磬ҶϵܣŽٵɶķѣҶɲҴ⵽Щ׵硣
ҶķΧԽԽ㣬΢磬磬зԡ
СĴԽԽôǿңããһƬҶҶ϶սһɡ
νһ磬ʵһС磬Լзȫǧ硣
Ľ׿磬˶ԼĽ磬ޣ࣬Ϊūۣûûҹĸɢ֮
Щħ壬ǻ࣬ԹԼΪʮֶ񶾡
սӦҲһ磬ȫǶģñҶ㴩Խһ硣

ҶͻȻ磬岻ܿƣһεǣֱ֮ק˽ȥ
ȵҶָ֪ʱ򣬷ԼѾ䵽ϣڵĿռʧ
ʶɢȥûΣգԲǧףԼ֮⣬
ҶԽܵǣĿռ䷨̶̳ȣ
СӣĿռɽ࣬ҪСˣ൱ڷɽһ
Ľ˳ʮϤĻķȻûɽôֲҲ߳ҵ
˼Ȼҵɽ磬ߵû𣿡
ҶĽ׵Ļ˼ˡ
ǵģɽ磬ճӤеɾʵŲϳ󣬳֮󣬶ܳΪˡĽ׽͵
˵УҶ·һʱ⣬Ҫս϶ۿۡ
ܣҶ㷢ʮ֣᫣ֻһ·죬սĶ
óͨѶҶ׼ϵһҲӡ
Ϣȥˣʯ󺣣֪ǾԼжԶͨѶޣҲп﷨̣Ϣݲȥ
ս֮Уûл֮⣬ʣʯͷȫʯѻɵһ硣
Ҷʯ֮ϣÿһڵĴҶһ˿
ʱܣһιϰ˽սôĵطѰĸɴһ
ʯѻɽԽߣĵҲҶ̧ȥ·ƬصˣϷȻһڣսڡ
ͻȻҶ㶨ס˽Ųһ£ڳԼϴα׷ɱ֮Ҷƺÿһʱ䣬ͻӦ˿
Ҫһ˲ȸںϷˡ
Ҷͣס˽Ų¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼħһֱ׷ɱԼԾһɱ䡣
ˣϳҶ㣬һģһϢһ
ȥ
Ҷ㳯˵һ䣬뿪ԭأߣԭأ˭׷ɱԼ
ԼĪСʱ䣬Ҷڿ˼ӰһֱԼ

Ҷ㿴һϤӰЩš
ԼϢ䵽˼£ǰ޷ҶĴڣһȫ֪һ˲ǲԶ
ʦ֣Ҷ뿪ãǼӿٶȣһܸϵϡ
ʱˣֻʣˣڽʱ򣬲׵Уֱ
żɱҶ㣬һ棬ս˵ɽֶҪܵõս񴫳У磬ܵõ
ֳɰ˰֣ʾⲻż
ûСӽսֻҪһֱܲˡ
˫̵ӴаЦݣǷһĨЦһͲƱ
ͷ׷ɱҶǵһλҪûȪħȻθ潻һ˭ҲѲ˸ϵ
һ˴̸֮Ƕǰ˭û˵ҶҲû塣
ߣаѱħܱӡħӡǣԺǵǲ
˵棬ֳɫʱƺħƣҲȲѡ
ʦ֣ǧҪ˵һй¶ȥǶΣա
ղ˵˵Ҵ˵
ߣһ죬һԵħ壬ֻҪͻƵɾܻħӡǵĿơ
ֳɫޱȻǾŽٵɣ޷ħӡǣֻе˰ɾſԡ
˶ĬˣЩŵӣĸԸ˿ƣǲԶΪ֮
Ҷ˵һɣħģʱǶ
̵ε˵һ䣬˳ҶϢǰߡ
żʧҶӰ˳¶˼֮ɫ
ħ徹Ȼħצ쵽Щ֮Уôġ
ҶЩţѵ紫ԣħҪһͳ磬ĻԼļҲΣˡ
㳲֮£ѣʱ඼⵽
ʧҶһҲʩչĵĸȥ
ħ͸飬һҪ취֪ͨȥҪǰ㣬ü廹о׼
һħ󱬷壬϶һѡ
ԽҶԽļһˣϻ½תƵ֮УѧԺҶ㶼Ҫշ
ûǣҲûԼĽ죬ħô꣬綼ᱬ
ã
Ҷ˼ĹͻȻһ󣬷סˡ
Ǳ߳ʲô飬Ҷ߸֪һ
ڹʯһ࣬һһŮסȥ·еŮһһа֮ˡ
λΪסҵȥ·
ޱȾ޴ϵλʦֻ֣ܽս취˭֪δ룬ʯѾͱסˡ
С⿡ģֻҪ죬һ
ŮŤˮһҶ㿿£ɢŻ֪ͿĨ˶ˮڵŵϢ
ʦãֿʼˣСӦϴɾ˳ˣһ󲹡
Ҳ˹ȻҪҶųԣʮа
һһҶɢŨɱ

ҶһŭȣԼԶһ㣬˶µζʮš
ϣû뵽СеƢ
ҶɫŮӿЦ¶һŴҶ̲סˣһˮ˳
ôƯ𣬾Ȼˮˣģһߡ
Ҷĵ¿ˮŮӾȻҪ˵ҶˮˣҶ㳹ˡ
ҶҲǼ޳ܵˣ챻޳ܵĵĳ̶ȣҲǿ۽ˡ
ħڵˣ
ҶһƽԼǵװࡣ
ô߹壬ôħģҪҪ֪㻳ҿԸ㡣
Ů֣Ҷȥǲħ塣
ٲ뿪ݹҲˡ
һҶɱ¾֮ڳԲѷֱӳ֡


1344 ָ
Ȼ࣬ȴɢޱϢҶûв´Ӧһࡣ
壬壬壬ռݴ󲿷岻ͬһ㼫ٻΣս㻯ΣҲһ۾ܱϳ
岻ͬҲĽ壬ҲĽ壬Ƕϵ֮䡣
ǼԸòҰ޵Ը̣Ǳǳˣ̻
Ҷĺȳ⣬һһŮ׷״ЦСϣֻΪǲϵṩʳ
ʳǵʳñ޵һ
С޶ëûɣѧ˼ܳᱦ
Ů֮У޾֮ɫָһ㣬һɫĻǶ䳯Ҷ˹һħûǶ䣬һŵζͻ׸

ҶһȣԷ֣Ҳ飬ɱ¾֮һΪ漴ݱһ޴ն£ޱȡ
ҶֲԪƣҵĺõʯһѡ
ôǿĽս֮УֻɼСƻΪĿռ̫ǿˡ
С޶ҶԽ֣һ֪ҵ
ޱȵĽŮҲǲҴ⣬һܣҪܿҶĽħûǶ⣬ҶһնΪɢڿռ֮ϡ
ԼֲħûǶ䱻ҶնŮӷһУ¶һɱ
СӣҪ㣡
ŮצҶ˹ָ棬ͿĨɫһǾ綾֮ҪҶץһ£Բܡ

ҶϣɱȻȻԷ壬ҪԼҶ顣
һɫӡǴγɾ޴ŮӵͻȻԭأ·𱻽סˣ޷
ǽɫԽԽСֻзԲƽŮӵСĿռ֮УС
һԿֵӿŮӱҶƣһ˿ŭ⣬һΪһǿ⣬Ҷֱ˹

дӡ
ҶֱʩչдӡһѹҲסˣ˲˽壬вҶ㡣
꣡
ӵһķѣҶˡ
Լͬ鱻Ҷ飬Ů¶Ȼ֮ɫ벻ǰʮСӣô˿ֲ
߽ٵɣ׵նɱ˽壬˵ͨҲϳ
ϧôೣ鷢ûŮӵı飬һ󣬽ɫҲһŮӻΪһѪˮʧ
նɱ֮Ҷ㵢һʱ䣬ûͣߣȻˣһҪս
ҶĿĺܼ򵥣ҵãҲ͵һζ
ɱ֮Ҷ㿴һۺ棬ѾӰܶӦֳɼ׷
Ҫ֪ħοǣֻдҵԭˡ
Ҷվԭأ¶һ˿аЦϣҵħǵԭ
ûͣҶǰߣսԽԽСʱ䣬ܸϵ
սһ㣬һҲһǧ˽ȥһˮ֮С
ڶʥܵϵڶ㣬Ϊǳӽɽ磬һȥܲסɽķ
ûȥԽ㣬Կɽòսĺľڵ㣬ʥʲô˭Ҳ֪
ҶڵǴӵõôȥģѾ֪
ÿ϶ɣݽ룬߳龰۸ӡ
֮ҶڽսڣҲޱȾ޴ûκԥҶֱӲ롣
һӡҶǳΰЩ澧ڻԻͣһɽ·ӡУϢ
ɽƣϧ޷ԣ֮öĪĺô
ЩӡУûмʮ궼޷Ҷֻ̾
ЩбҲھĲˣ˳ŽָҶ㳯ڶٸȥ
ʱҶ߹һ㣬ڶȥΪҶһ죬ѽڶˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽôˣ
ϢȥˣȴһֱûյǵĻţѵ˲⣿
ȻҶߵڶڵʱѾӰڵڶǻ޷㡣
Ҷһֱ̤ڶ㣬ʥûôĵһδĿռ䡣
ֱ֮ѡ֮ʮϡ٣ܴ߰
ҶһɨвپŽٵУҶ֮󣬶׷˫ۣҶ㾳֮¶м֮ɫ
ܶڵڶȥϣҵͨڡ
ҶһȦȫһƬ磬ûˣ˵ڶ㣬·ߵ˾ͷ
Ӳķ֮⣬ＸֵĿܶûУסˣ˷ˡ
ͻȻҶ㻳ﴫһϢǣϵˡ
Ҳ˵ڶ㣬ʮ˳Ϊ֮ӣ򶷵鼫٣Ҳоա
ԶԶȥҶ㿴ӰҪ׼кҶͻȻͣס˽ŲΪֳҲˡ
ӦֹһϢѰԼƺкüɣӦǻȪħŸħڵˡ
¶һߣҶûи˴кڵڶֳɿ϶ᶯ֡
Ҷ²⣬ռ̣ҶʮƽĵѰͨڣֳҲ⡣
ֳɽڶ㲻ãǺ棬ǳһӰҶ㱾壬δϣֱ뿪ڶ㣬һȥ
ڵڶ㣬ʱ̹۲춯󲿷ֶΪ϶һ㣬ڶ㣬㡣
ҶȴôΪһսһͷģһֱǵ֮ϣҲ˵ڶʵǵһ㣬һǵڶ㣬ĵ㣬Ӧ档
Ҷ²⣬ûпϾôǵ⣬϶Ҳ˿ǵô꣬û˽㣬ڣôҵ
ǵڵǰνĵ㣬ѵǡ
ҶͻȻһҲǷԭ
ҶʱͨһЩϸڣĸӦ÷ǰ˳㣬õ
Ҷ˳һ㣬صʯ棬ʶɢȥʮޣֻܿĿ
ʼͨ꺣֮еϣָһ·Ҷںδ
ĹƺڴϢҶ꺣֮з˳ȥƯҶǰ
Ȼ
Ҷ¶˷ܵЦݣȻָ
˳ҶԽԽƫȻʱ·ߣװôһ·̡
ƯҶǰٶȲǺܿ죬һʱͻȻת˷򣬲ǳڣǺƶһʯȥʯ棬ʮѡ
߽ʯȣɫѾˣѾһʱˣɢĹ󣬵ӰҶߡ
ΪʲôҪӡʯѣ
ܵʯҶһͷˮȫ㲻ףڡ


1345 ɽ
żžһƬʯȣҶһͷˮΪҪԼ
ȻˣҶҲţĴѰңһЩʯͷˣҲڣ۳һ
һƨ˵ϣ̧ͷǿգ֮Уƣ»𣬸һȻͬһϡ
һҶվ̧ȥ澹ȻһֱߣһԲΣΧսЩ򣬶γƽߡ
⡭
Ҷ㳹ˣֺѵʦ˵γһƽߵʱս֮ʱ
ڽʱѾƽУԲ˳룬ڸǳͬԣͬе
ͻȻ֮䣬֮УһâһֱӴҶǰ
ֱֻһ׿ңɢӨĹɹ⣬ƽƵʱɽ¶˳Ҷ㿴ɽ羰
ɲǴ͵֮֮пʵʵɽҶǰ
ͨڣ
ҶҶ϶ǵڣҪƽƣһƽʱɽ罵ɹ⣬ս㡣
һȻҲ˻ڵڶغЩˣ׷ע⵽ֵٴӵڶ
ǰĽɫҶûԥֱ߽֮֮УȻ³˳Źʧˡ
ȵڶЩ˸ϵʱƽеľʧֻǳʱ䣬һʧʯѻָƽ
ԭǵڣղվһˡ
һŽٵɵһȻҶȵҪȥʱ򣬹ʧ
üˣʯȼϣٴγڴ򿪣л롣
ϧһգţҲһγ֣Ǽǧ֮ˡ
۷׷ף˭ɹ˵㣬˭Ҳ
˵ǲҶʦܣûϢп
ԪҶ㣬ػǰҲɿƽƣ뵽˵㣬
пܣһȥˣҶʦܻδ֣пܽ㡣
˵ͷΪҲֻҶʸ񣬱ϾĴˡ
ȻҲҶ㾡սҲǲ²⣬ҶƾҲЧǰһɹս
ߣǾţֻҪӵڽɱˣȻԵõı
һʮҵӣãҶֱնɱ
ûôˣֻҪһܵɱȻǵˡ
һһڵǣҶԺ취ᱦ
üͷ壬Ҷ㣬һĺΣˣϧʲôﲻϣҲ֪ͨҶ㡣
飬ҶһŲֻ֪ǸоԼڲϵ³˳Źһյʱ䣬ҶŸоԼ˫أҲʧ
оʵĵ棬ҶŷɣɨܣԼһտĹ㳡ϣ沼Ļҳд򶷵ĺۼ
ѹսĵ㣬һ޴ţսµҶսǰĹ㳡ϡ
ƽʱЩһ˼һƬ
һȦҶǰΡ֣ս
ս࣬ʨӣϸһɲʨӣޣΪػ񣬿սš
ڹ㳡࣬һʮɸߵʯ񣬿ϧѰ߲⵽ٻһЩطʮģǴŵֱܷ
ӦսĳȻҲᴣڹ㳡֮ϣκεӣֻҪܿ
ܼžĿ£·սԶռһƬ磬УӦþɽ磬
ͺñս˷ˮ棬ˮɽ磬ս֮⿴һƬʣɽ֡
͸ʵĲƣҶ㿴ɽŵĳɽɺƣޱȵȵĴգ·ܴ͸ƣ䵽ս֮С
ɽ𣿡
Ҷûȥɽ磬Ҳ޷Ƚϣֻƾо
СӣǾɽ磬Ϊǰʵ֪پ룬Ǻ¥սڻ֮ǰӳɽģ㿴ӣҲǼǰɽ硣
Ľ״ŴҶ㿴ģֻս֮ǰ׽һ˲䣬ڵɽ硣
ɨˣ
ҶЩɺҶ㣬ܴܲ㲨ƣ뵽ɽ翴Ľһ˵Ȥȫޡ
Ҳûģɽţ綼򿪡
Ҷһɨ֮ɫĽҶϣŰο
ϻˣǸϽȥս濴ϣҵö
ҶøĽƶ죬ֱӳսȥ޴Żʧȥԡ
һһȣĸӦǸ
շֲͼҶ²⣬սΪ򣬶ӦŵӣĵӣԼʥ֮ࡣ
ͨĵòЩɺػҲʱġ
ҶᴥЩƵķݻΪһѳʧؼ䡣
·һ޴ţֻʣҶһˣŵ֮Уֿ־УҶиܡ
ϲȺӣԼһ˵ĵطʱԣʱ䣬϶־ġ
ããսĲˣܶཨٵҶٵĴ󣬳ȥ
ԽߣҪһЩϾӡɺ۸ǿ
꣡
Ҷ´ͷһԭһضѵıҶӦһΪأɺѾʧ˷
̵һߣҶߣôãȴһ߿ݹǣ·˶ƾˡ
ùĵط˶ȥˣ㱻ţҲд򶷵ĺۼ˹㳡кۼ֮⣬ڲ˶ʧˡ
Ҷ˼⣬ҲͲֶͨͨΣһ˲Ĩɱսɽ硣
սĵλɽҲһţ˭ôǿ˲ĨһţĽ׻꺣֮УûЩϢ
ÿţĺ֮սҲ⣬ȻʲôҲûУҶֻѰҺ
νĺ򣬵һǿٵС磬Ҳܲ鵽һЩϢڶǸ߲ĵطʲô֮࣬ҵһЩսϢ
սĹ죬Ӧڶ࣬Ҳսλߵǽһɽ֮ϣûӲݣҲʯȺ
ʱһȥѾʱˣ˻δ֣˶ȵòͷˡ
˵СӲ˵ɡ
˲ͷϵķɧ
ܣԵСӿ϶æȡأԲż
ҲΪҶ㣬æȡȻ뿪㡣
սҶҲȹʱ䣬Ϊɽ磬Լʵ̫Сʱ䣬Ȼûнսꡣ
ߵɽʱҶѾ۵ĨϵĺˮҶڼսĺ֮


1346 հ
ߵɽ棬Ҷָɣղƣɢ
ҿս׾ʲô飬˲š
ҶżᶨĽŲһɽȥЩʯӦҲǻһ̳ˣԭ޴ɽʯƺӲļѹڵģ
߱ͣҶһʱ䣬ڵ˾ɽˣȻһ͹Ҳսģս֡
սʮʪʮã֮һҲǿտյڷٸλá
˿տ֮⣬Ҷ򵥵İ·ϴһա
ûжҶһ£ϷֲٶӦսʿ֮á
ҶһѰҲǿտյʲôҲûУҶĹһ㰵ѵս֮⣬
Ӷ߳Ҷ㻹ǲģսʧô򵥣һԼĵط
վڿտ±ϣ紵ҶЩãȻ޴룬ôľ㣬Ȼǰһˡ
СӣԱĩãղŲҵڵ𡣡
ĽҶѣϣһΣҲµķ֡
û
ҶղžͷƲ⣬սǱ˴䷲磬һĩõλãһʵǵڡ
˵Ҷͷ½ųϣ˵ƣ˫·ڹۿս
Ȼ
ھɽһȦҶϸһ˿Ц⣬ȻһЩŵ
Сӣ㿴ʲô
Ľʮֺ棬Ҫ֪Ҷ㿴ʲô
񣡡
Ҷ˵֣ӾɽȻ˳ԭ·أž޴㳡ȥ
һʱ䣬ҶŻصʼվĵطһҶߵǰ¥ߵʯѾֱ治һҶҿ϶һǸӡ
СӣҲ԰ͨͨûʲô
Ľҿһͨʯ񣬿ʲôŵ
㵱Ȼ
ҶһЦɽϱĩÿһۣҲİ
СӣˣϽ˵װ
ĽЩȲˣҪ֪Ҷܲҵ硣
Ⱥлƣħ٣ٲ磬Žٵɣ׵ĽҶˡ
Ҷָָʯ֣һָֻ棬һֻʳָָŵ棬һ̵񣬼һָָ棬˹Ϊ֮
öָĽƺЩˣѵڴһϢʲô
Сӣᱦɣ
ĽҲǺܿ϶ǵֲָȻָ棬϶ָ
ڿ֪ˡҶҲҶ϶ڿ濴Ҳܾ¡
˭뵽滹ܣֽĹ㳡֮ϣκ˶뵽
Ҷ˺ܴľŽŲλãȻʯطһҶ˷
֣Ҳڣ
ҶԳһڣʯһ˿
ѹ֪ʲô飬õҶٻʼҶһڡ
ӣ
Ż̵սȫ֪Լںδ
ȱʣڿ˵
ʱýеĹߣ˿ʯ壬ͻȻɢһâƺ
ûȻһң
ҶҪЦղŵ˳ʪζӦǵҴġ
һʱʱ䣬ڳԲ׵ľ룬ڵ棬һݣȻ쵽¡
ŽݣҶָȻص˱ЩܣҶ㲻֪
Ͼħ壬ҶҪһЩرԼڱħ׷ɱҶħһų⡣
ȼ֣Ҷ˳Žһߣʪ֪ûˡ
ݲǺܳҲʮ㣬Ҷܿһʪķ֮Уǽڻɾ
ϸһ飬ǽ֮иأҶֱӽתһ¡
ǣ
··𶼿ʼһǽھȻһתһŻ
һûΣգҶ˳Ż˽ȥ澹Ȼһ鷿һĽʮּª
鷿м䣬ڷһǽϻһЩֻ棬һܣڷźܶ鼮
Щ֮һʲôʲôԴͳͳǷƨ
ҶһҲ˹ȵףԭΪս֮Уڷ챦˭֪Ȼ
Сӣģȿдʲô
ĽҶ飬ķôãʲôûõκﶼܲ
飬飬߹ȥ
ղһֱۿܣƺд֣ʱϣΪдֵǸʷī棬δȡҲ˵дֵˣȥ֮󣬻дһȥԶûл
ߵǰд壬дֵ˵ʱʮֽʲݣƽ͵̬дЩ֡
дƪֵʱ֪սԶˣֻ벻֮졭
ҶһпȥĴĿģԭսһı¾ǿֶΣĨɱ飬ܶѨս֮ϵˣʱٳ¼ʱĳ
˵ӦùңҽȥԲ۵죬⵽սҲˡ
Ҷڲ³һЩĹţս֮õԸ⽻۳֣Ĩս
Һѷ۵ҰģǰҪ¼ʼĩʱ۽٣ôֶΣתƵ˻磬Ӵ޷صɽ磬սҲӴɽ
һ֣¼ʱĳʮֲֿˣתƵ˻磬ûˣûпûһƬأȥܡ
ϣõ֮ˣ֮սһףսм
ѾȱߣƵʱû֡
ΪϵۻսҪתԴѾˣֻܽЯһЩԴؾǫ̈ϣЩԴ԰㣬ǽսֻعıꡣ
νֻعսܵԳԩѩͻȻ֣û֪ʲôˡ
սͻȻʧɽ缸һһսһҹʱ䣬ʧӰ١
ƪᣬϴˢսԩΪõһöȻ⵽ѹ
Ҷ㲻Լ飬֪һɽ϶ɳ׷ɱԼ
۶޷⣬οˣ޼ɵɱԼ
ʰһУ鼮ȫߣûûãȻȥʱۿ
ϾЩɽ鼮϶¼ܶɽ飬ҶĿǰ߱ġ
̨֮ϣתȻԶһΪмһŻ
̨Ҷתӣȥͻͻֱ֪ʲô


1347 ˽ٵ
Ҷе̨߹ȥͻͻֱ˭֪ս֮ʲô
ʱ죬ս֮δüԴתƣûнŵߣͲš
֮ǺεȵĿֲˣ˲ʧҶ㲻ԼɱǧˣǶġ
۵ָ֮䣬Ǽˣڷ磬һܻһ硣
ϧǧпռ侧ڣҲ޷ִﷲ磬ȻĸѲǽⷬģ
ǷΪط뷲磬ñһ뷲֮⵽ͬزħˡ
ܣһСʹңǺֻܴʮƽСڷĿӣս֮ϵĶ
ҶߵһǰûнƣҶɴ򿪣һ˸ڷǧöɾ
ۡ
Ҷ㾪̾Ȼ˶ɾƷ׻ͣƷɾս֮µģȻ
ɾԸҶ㴢Ԫ磬ֿԲôγɷ󷨡
ƺַĸоҶһֱ׼ĵģԼļˣԼˣϣǽӵ½һţɾ÷Ȼ˶޷ơ
Ŵ򿪵ڶӣǽڷŵҲһӵɾǳ֮࣬Ľ׶Ϊ֮𾪡
ɽ磬ɾӲĻңϲõԴЩɽͱһЩռݣҪȡɾǳ֮ѡ
Ŵ򿪵ӣ⣬һɾҶҲ˼¡
ôɾ˵Žٵɣһ֧Ӷûˡ
ͨһöɾʮ궼һ꣬οöɽǰģɽ編򣬷ǳ
һǰҲĿСһҶ󣬲֪ʲô
СĴӣһƣɢҶоԼҪշˡ
ɵöɵ
ҶҪЦһӵɵǧöֱҶ
ɽ˵ɵҲͨĵҩǶǰҶ˵Щҩ
սûа
ҶɵƷʣҪԼƵɵǿϺö౶
ӵɽķ򣬲ڷƣȻɽ編ҲԲóɵȽϣֳӡ
ɵɾСӣץʱͻһ磬Ȼôȥ϶ᱻ˺ķѡ
ҶǶЦˣĽ׸Ͻѣ֮ǰвپŽٵɣȥҶѰ·
û
ҶĽѵĶԣܱ˷ܳͷԣΨһʸػԼĶ
óöɵҶһ̷ȥҶƣɵ˽ٵѾǼˣҪͻƾŽٵҪԵҩ
ս֮ɵƾҶϵĽȻ̷ʮöҲһͻƾ硣
ΪҶ̫ܵˣƷʲھŽٵɣϾŸͨ˵ľűߡ
öɵ֮ҶһѪֱ㱻ɵű塣
Ǵˣû뵽ɽɵȻ֮󡣡
ҶЦһʼȫԪӿٶȣԽԽͣһʮܡ
ЩֻСӣҶسײһҶϵıҲޱ
ʱһһĹȥҶϵ𽥱ɵ֮УԲķҶƮƮɣʮ
йɺֱۣҪȷ編ǿǧ򱶡
ɵԲΪսǴɽĿռ䣬ɽòɽķ
Ҷ൱ɽͻһɽɽɵָоԶ
СƣЩ֮Сƺһ㣬˷ܵ˻
ԣѾ֮ܳΪǵһ޼ʣޱ޼ʵĺһߣ沨ӿˡ
Ѫ⣬ķһҶȻķѣҲ˲ָǲ֮
ǽҶѹĩֻҪԪһܾ͵ħűĹǿ֮
䣬ҶһϴˢԼ壬ڳɶ
ͻ߽ٵһ֮ã糹ȹһͻƣˮɵ飬úķ̫
ֻöɵҶͬˮޣһһεĳҶ㼡㣬һ˿˿ѷ죬Щɵܱգͻ˳ѷ죬ʧؼ䡣
ĺõҩ˷ѣҪﾡá
𣬰ľǼ
Ҷ㽫˳һˣҶûǳ֣ħ壬ɵһʺǡ
һûеĵĵزȻֱ֣׷Ҷ㣬ҶҲҪһ
˳֮󣬿˵ϵɾڿҶ͵壬¶֮ɫ
ԥˣ
Ҷ㿴𾪵ˣǸϽŸʲôĻǧ
˲ԥ̷ֱɵ϶ᱻűڲͬЩɵҶת֮󣬴Ӽ֮ɢѾûô񱩣ʺա
Щ壬˲Ծ֮ʮɶ
һͻƾǺ˲ؿֱӽٵɣǰľΪľȽϵͣܵ
ǰ𣬴ڲ߲͵λãҲ˳ͻƵ硣
֪һʱգ۶Ҷ㾹ȻδͻƣڲϵĻܣѾˣȫľɡ
ϸȥҶѪˣһööľһ𣬾Ȼı̬
Ҳ˵Ҷڱϡ棬±һֻ·쾭顣
ǴȻ棬˼£ɿռ侧壬Ȼı̬
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һͺֿ񱩵ɢҶҲͻƵ
ٴηԪͻˢҶ壬ֱӳƿȥ
ÿһγҶһһѪ
ͻ֮󣬶׷վӣĴһԣػҶ㣬ҿ
ִɢĿɲһ£ܽ׵Ļ
Ҷǿ˶Ҷ㿪ģҶԽǿҲԽȫ
ҿ
ƿԽԽɶҶһȣŸԪٴγȥ
䣡
ҶоߴһʹҪιȥƿһöļǣķѡ
ˮʼŰ˳Žϵĳͬһ·޼ɣڳ˰˽ٵ۷壬Żֹͣ
ʱ䣡
ССңѾܲס׵Ϯ֮£Ҷֱ˰Իͼʼͻƾ硣
һǿ׵£ÿһ׵磬ˮ״ϸǶɾŽ׵׽٣Ҷڶɰ˽ٵɵʱͳˡ
ɵҶɹﵽŽٵɵĳ̶ȣǳɲȭͷһ󣬹ư˽ٵ˲ͻᱻ󱬡


1348 Ҷ
Ҳ˵Ҷ㵥ƾܴ򱬰˽ٵɣԪһʩչŽٵɣٺ٣
뵽ҶɵЦɱŽٵɣҶŽ׽֣֪ǵĵ
ͻһ磬ԪӵĺֹһʼεٶԵ˺ڣԽսԽԽѣÿһֻԽԽ
γ˾󣬼С磬γѭ
ǿɲС֮һǻأһ֮
׵ͬ꣬Ҷ׵һδεĳȻĳ׵ϴ
׵Ĵ֮򳹵һסҶֱһŤҶ۰Ȼһʮȵת
ŽٵɣԸ컻أ
ԼֱۿתҶ뵽һ˾Žٵɣܸ컻أʵǸı
ˣʯɽ𶼲⣬־磬
ͻȻ֮䣬һҶʶ꺣֮УֵŻ֣ƺгֵļ
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ҶҪЦÿһλ꺣һŻ⾪ϲ֪һξϲʲô
ǰ϶ǳŻʱ򣬹Ƶ˾ŽٵɣŻ᳹¶ҶԤࡣ
׵ȥΪﵽŽٵɣЩ׵ΣҶ
ӰԻͼ֮߳Ҷ˷˾仯ͬһú˲㱻ɳȥ
Ҷ磬ƺǿ
ӴŽٵɣǰҶȻҪȾŽٵɻҪǿֱ˼顣
ܿ죬ҶϵʧЩһ棬ָԭеӡ
Ϊǲͻƣ۷״̬ΪҶﵽ˾Žٵɵĳ̶ȡ
ˣǶȥúùһ¾磬һҪ
Ҷ˻ص˰˱֮УԼϵĿӶһ۴ҡ
İɣԣһսϴˢԩ
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ĿǰҶ㻹ǲҪй¶ĺãһй¶ȥȻػҲⲻ
ر˴ңҶص˵ϣƻԭأֵ鷢ˡ
Ȼһѿһâӵ֮Ҷʱࡣ
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ûɣ϶ǳȥĵ·ս֮ƺˣҵңȻҲ취뿪
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һ䣬Ҷ˵֮ϣ˻ۼٳûȥ
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һ嵽Ҷǰһӣʮңһۣӥǣĺ֮
ӿɲǣǾŽٵɣһ־֮ƣҪһнҶƷᱦ뿪
úã죡
ҶҪɱһӰ٣ãȻһΧҶ㻹ĺȫˡ
дӡ
ֱһͻȻ֮䣬֮ϳһö޴ḥ̂﷨̣ȻǾŽٵɣҲ޷ǿơ
ƫƫҶһƣȻôֲϢǷԲס
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ֳһ˭Ҳ벻չҶӵֱ֮նɱһˣԭ׼ֵߣ׷פ㲻ǰ
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Ԫ˵һԣûиһԣаҶ㣬ԸһŽٵɣǻаյġ
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㿴ңҿ㣬˴˶ҡҡͷ㲻׷ʲô飬ȻҶ㡣
ҵ飬ҿһ
ֳɱ˴ʹϱ鼸Щˣǰ˲ˣΪоٲ֣Ȫħŵ˾ͻȻ
ЦƾǼҲɱңֱǿЦ֮
ҶЦһѹͲֳɼ˷ͻƣȻҲͻƣֻҶû¶ˡ
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˴׷ɱԼħ壬ֹһǻȪħţǾħڣɳǰ׷ɱ
վԭأѾΧסû˸óȻ֣Ϊ˭Ҳͷ񣬷Ŀ⿴ֳɵˡ
ȵǽˣ취Ҷ㣬Ϸֱ
ˣ֪ΰ죬׳ְҶ㣬ΪգգۣǲҪ
Ϊ˿ǿлţóȻ֣ҶҪеճ
ͻȻ֣еħ϶¶βͣҶҪǾͲôס
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һ࣬ҲߣĿϬʱעߡ
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Ҷֵ׼һЦеӣߣܽԼΧˮйͨߣȫˡ
ҶҪһµϷüҶ벻Ϸ
˷׷׳ԥֱӳ֣ĹǺˮһҶѹ
Ϊչ¶дӡҶ㲻ʩչͱ©Լݣֻ似ˡ
ǽ
Ҷʩչǽ׽þûʩչˣ֮߶γһ㣬˰

˳ıҶɳȥȻ޷


1349 Ž׸
ǽ˿̻Ϊ棬Ȼܸȣ޼᲻ݵĽУǿԪ֧֣Ը˵Ҳǿ
һײǰǽѻ֣ܶҪıսˡ

뵶ҶõƵУ߱ʽϾ߱ʽ֮١
ҲˣҲ޷İ壬ʲô似
һɣٴΧ˽ٵɳ֣Ѿ󲿷˵ĹעϾڳŽٵռһңлвٰ˽ɢɣͻƾŽ׵ʱʧˡ
ڵĳҶ¶һ˿аЦ뵶߾˭Ҳʲô似ȫ˴ҵ˼ά
Ȳǵ⣬Ҳ似ƺǼ򵥵ʽ
ʽ
һȣһ֮ĵˣʵ͵һԺն¡
γѹԵǿнռѹһѷ죬ĿֲһЩŽٵɣ¶֮ɫ
ղҶ㱾֣԰˽ٵʵĨɱŽٵɣڷ߽ٵɵʵֲĳѵض
ƺʵ磬ҶӻδӦѾ¡
꣡
һΪҶֱն룬ףҶ似ȫء
ŷӦ׷׳֣ɢ֮Ժĵӣʵǳ
ϧĶҶ㣬ţҶ㼸
ʽ
ʽһ䣬ΪΧҶ㲻ʩչУǻأܹ硣
һĩտͼ޾ˣܹЩʯһѿ
ʽ
ԶԶûнһδڶпʼӣҶҪǳ׾
˸һһ㣬Щ֯һž޴״ԭأ޷뿪벽
ʽ
гˣһһУҶֱۼôŲеһֱӳѹ¡
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ԶһϸߣҶսճѵõ֣֮ɫ
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˵ʽҶǰԵޱСȫһΣ߱ʽƬأ似
ûʱ˫ֻۣһʧȥ֪ʶʼɢ
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Ҷǿֳ̣ȻǿΧֳΪԼкܴʤ㡣
ϧˣյҶ㣬ѲʱԱ⣬ͻư˽ٵɣ̷öɵպüɾȾŽٵɣǶŽٵɣȻû˿вҶ㡣
նɱ֮Ҷʶεֳɵһ̣Ҷʶڲ׽һЩ
ӡҶʮϤħӡ
ΪҶӴܶħ壬ħʮ˽⣬ֳҲǱħסˡ
ɱֳɵˣҶûзɾ裬ǽ۽⿴Զߡ
ΪҲӡһǱħסˣҲ׷ɱԼ
žžž
ҲɵӣҶ۽ֳȻƣҶ˹
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һƣܿߵҶǰվò˶޷⡣
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ϴնɱĺˣӦҲǻȪħŵˣĸ֣ȻǾŽ׸֡
ܴԹԵĸǻȥҲһ
Ҳۺ룬ȫ˻ħմϹϵ
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Ҷ֮У޾ɱԸҪɱԼˣ
㾹ȻǸȺΪȽϣֱǿЦ֮
߷Ц֮˽ٵɾ͸ͯһȫһΡ
ɵ˺ڣһ֮Ǿ֮
ҿûʲôһȺ߹
ҶųŪܰ˽ҲãŽҲգΪԼǾͬʬ⣬ûԼꡣ

߷һȣȻҶ
Ҷ㣬ҪΪնɱ˽ٵɣΪΪǿǾŽ׸֣һֻ־㡣
¶ޱŨɱɵŽٵɣ˶ĥѣ˭ҲԸ˿ƣҲ֮١
ĿԴҿôһֻҡ
ҶЦһϢԽԽŨƺг߽ٵɵס
ϻôʲôֱնɱȥ
Ҳچȥֱӳ֣Žٵһ֣Ǿ춯أҪȸղǿٱ
֮⣡
Ҷֱʩչ֮⣬׵ˣһ𣬳˰£ҶҪռȻ
һŽٵɣҶȫɱһ֣Ҷ㻹׶ΣҴ⡣
ϾһνŽٵɽ֣ҪСΪϡ
񱩵֮ˣγһ˵İҶлˣ뵶һ裬ն¡
Ƶն
߱ʽں֮ʽʽ֮ϣǳɲ
ʵҲҴʴʣǲ
ҶϢ˶¶м֮ɫҶǿھŽǰԵޱС
֮ɫҶ¶ĻߣҪľЧУϾԼڻ߽ٵɡ
һм֮ɫһһӥץҶݺݵץ¡
ǡ
Ȼ֮䣬ܿҶϵϢ˾仯ڽڽ˲ͻƵ˰˽ٵɡ
ԶԶûֹ֮ͣƵնʮ࣬˵εҶ㲻˷һȭͬһ㡣
ô£Ӱʵ
ߴһ֪ҶԽս߽ٵɾնɱ˽ٵɣͻƵ˽ٵɣǡ
˲룬ƵƵƶҪսپΪյϢҶ߽ٵɣڼƻб䣬Ҫһ
ҶѹͲǻᣬҪһΣգɱѿ֮УԲߴϢĻᡣ
ͫȱ
Ҷ˫ۣͻȻ˸Ĺâ˭Ҳ׷ʲôˣֻһһͻȻˡ
Զۿߣ¶֮ɫΪγֵһͻȻֹͣˣѵʲôɡ
Ҳ֮۸⻹ûȫһܽԷֱɱ
֮۽һزƾ񣬾նɱ֣Զֵ꣬ɱεС
ˣҶ㳤ֱ룬һȭúߵǰ֮ϡ
䣡
ߵǶߵķݣɳףڿըΪһ⡣
һȭ򱬾Žٵɣ˺Ƕо
һҪӦѾˣΪƵն£ħ·Ļꡣ


1350 Ⱥս
˭뵽Ҷ˲Ϣ֮䣬˽ٵɣû뵽һȭնɱһŽٵɡ
ʣɫ䣬ҪӦѾˣҶƵնֱ£֮
ģ
޸£ݺݵնߵϣһƵ֮ϣɢһɫĹ֣Լ
ۣ
Ҳ³һѪˣɫһƬҰס
ȻҵһжӲ£
ҶҡҡͷųĿǣһ֣ҶѾԼʵ˺ֵزֻҪŽ׸֣вԼˡ
ҶĳЦ֮Ϻһһɫ粻ͬˣʣԼһˣҶ֡
Ҷ㣬ݵÿɱǣҲ뿪εѾдĸֵҿôֵ
߷У˺ѷΣħѾ˺ܶԸҶ㡣
ߵĺУҶüͷһ壬վԶ˶⣬ΪЩ˶ҪɱҶ㣬ΪʲôѵΪǾ
ģûлῴһˣΪҪ
ҶϣɢŨɱϢҶʮֲҪıһ²ˡ
ûжķϻҶٴγ֣һˣûκѹ似һ߱ʽѹȥһһУ̲סҶһ롣
֮ҶɨһȦֲ˶Լ˫ۣնɱŽٵɣ˭ǡ
϶֮ɫڷڵıҶ㻹Ӱʵ
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Źĵӽ֮һֱʧȥϵڼˡ
λʦ֣뿪ҪڳڵңһҪҪ
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ʦѵҲŵı
ΪҶҲǵıЩһС
ҶЦһ֪νͣΧʵҲԼֻһһˣ£ǰ壬һֲ
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Ҷ㲻ϵĴߴ٣ǸϽ뿪ʱһ֣Ҷܹ˼Ǽˡ
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֪ҶŽٵɶɱӦԱ֮
뿪ҶУЩһ¶׺ɷ֮ɫԼı塣
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ҶǸһ˿Ц⣬˿ûнЩ˷ȻȫնɱӦò⡣
Ϊǻ𣬼Ȼ㲻ֻóֽɱˡ
Ҵʱ׼֣ȦԽԽСҶߣܷУֻҪΧȦӣҶ޷ߡ
СӣҪܻһȻ֮ء
һӣһͷһͲʲô⣬һǰˮ㡣
Ȼ˶ɱңŸʲôְɣ
ҶɨһȦȻϰΧԼҳֵģָ˭ͷ
ȻҶô˵Ҷԥ˭ҲԸȳ֣Ҷһֲ
һԥʲôһϣɱ֮󣬱һ֡
̲סˣټһ׼һӵϡ
˵ĶԣһϣһһУܽСû
ղ˵Ľ壬Ҳһλܸߵߣ⣬ҪɱҶ㣬ᱦ
ҶÿһеϣЩɱŨҲɱԼˡ
ܺãǾݹˣ
ɱ¾֣֮Ҷֱӳ˳ȥһսһɱס
ֱ룬ͬһͷǣȺ֮У˶࣬ȫķǳ٣˵ҶΧһ𣬱˴˵似пãҶȺ֮УԼ
Ϊܶ似ûлҶ㣬Ǳ˴˵ϡ
ιĽͱҵľջˣ
һƨɣһҽУȻһһͱƨϡ
˭㵲ҵǰ棬
ҲǷУǰ棬ղһпնɱҶ㡣
Ѥ似֯һ˿֪һӰĵû뵽Ⱥ֮УҶķ

ҵĲӣ
Ϣһ紵һŲӣѪֱһ
ʱ޿̲ݣÿһ֮ǰʧȥʶ֪ʲôԭأһ紵͵ز
գۼĹҶ㱾ҲͻȻ٣һ쫷磬ѾӰˣռǿЩ˽ٵɺЧĹ
ոһһزףΪûС

Ȼ֮䣬Ҷʩչ˴ֱסʮˣڴ֮УһصӰ
صӰ¶һĻߣһֱӳʮǰо¡
顭
ǾŽٵɻǰ˽ٵɣͳͳըΪһѪˮ
ãҶҲͬ飡
ʱҲŷӦղҶ㱾ʩչ˴ҶҲڴ֮Уֱӽסʮնɱ
ҶնɱŽٵɵĳĿҶļ룬սֻĲ֪ʲô
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ҶĿѾﵽˣѹûȫնɱĿǰնɱôѾǼޡ
Ҷ㣬ΪҪ
˲⣬֮ѵһġ
˼ҿǵоѣô˶Ըһˣʵ񡣡
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ѵ㲻Ҫ𣿡һʵ
ȻҪֻǲмĵֶζѡ
ҶűĵĿЩˣȻΧķʽɱһ˽ٵɣ治֪ǻҪҪ
Ȼˣֻýһɱˡ
кüʮŽٵɣնɱӦò⣬ɷ˵֣һнĹҶɱˣǳ֮ѡ
Щ˽ٵɷ׷˵ԶҲս֮Уž֮ɫ
նս̵ĵӣǷʥԼ΢¥ţЩ洫ӣ׷ײǰ
֣УѾĲˣʯѾʧЩʯѹ촷ۡ

һȻ͵ϮҶŭȭһ֮ϣͬһƬƬðһȭסӵĲӡ

һӵĲӱҶ飬ޱȡ
ĴֶΣò˵սĺȻһˣڳ֡
Ҷ㱾ҲãǷɱŽٵɵԵɱķݡ


1351 ʥ
Ͼ濪ʼնɱҶ㲻ܣֻζĹвҶ㡣
ʮŽٵΧ˽ٵɣȴٳٲܻ֣ܶҪȥ϶ֻҵĲ
磬߻СĿһһĽɫ޷ɱ
Ȼ֮䣬ϾȻӰȻջУͻȻҶǰ
ʥ壡
Ҷһһ۾ϳˣȻʥ壬Ҳ뵽ս
Ҳע⵽ˣʥҲİе⣬걻뿪磬һ棬γԼ򣬶ˣһֱҪ˽磬ǧȫռ졣
Ҷ㾪ȵĲʥ壬ǵΪȻﵽ˶ŽٵɣͣԼ֮£ʥȻǿ󣬲ĺᡣ
ʥһֱΪǵѪģǵͼ
ΪѪĹϵʥһǳǿ඼ͨŬһɣ߲ΪȽϡ
ʥС磬ǵ̤룬ѵͲ彫ɱ𡣡
ʮʹʥ壬һ̤壬ȷѪ꣬˵ö֮
ɱǣʥ໥һۡ
𣿡˵֮˷׷״ЦȻûнЩ˷
ʥ峰Ū϶¶ŭ⣬ܿתƵʥϡ
ܳ޵ʥȫˣǽĿ⿴Ҷ㡣
һˣΪʲôҪֿԻأ
ҲʥЦеĳҶ˵ڱ廹зԿһۣȻһۿ
ѵҲǳűģ
Ҷ㵱ȻϣҲϣǷʵ
㻹ʶȤҿ㰲ȫ뿪
Ҳһ߸ϵӣƺǾʣڸԼĳ˵һ˿ܾĿǡ
ΪξҪһҧڵõ˱˵ûУƫƫֲš
ҶεҡҡͷʥҲһ֮ѣǴűţҪɱԼ
ƭƭ꺢ͯԣֵ֪ܶս飬ԹԵĽֵܶ˵ǿʹһЩ
ʥ徹Ȼ֪ս飬⵹Ҷû뵽ǵı飬ƺ֪Ҳޡ
طϻˣҪҪͿû£ҵҲҪʥǲǴ˵еôǿ󡣡
Ҷɱʥʥûжļɵ֮ġ
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СһЩӦֵܣһεΪ˾ս֮еı
Сһ㣬˲򵥣ɴ⣡
Ҳһ䣬ܿҶʵǱô򵥣նɱŽٵɣûһֶΣ޷
İɣֻԴһ϶ѣΪԼնɱŽٵɾ˲뵱ֵ꣬ܶˣ߽ٵɵʱ򣬾ͳɹնɱŽٵɡ
һһ֮ͣг˲м֮ɫòüͷ壬߽ٵնɱŽٵɣʲôʵ
Сӣҽʥˣ֪˭ɱ㡣
ʥСʥ壬ߵҶʮվһĽ֮ɫ
һ֣һ
ʥҿ˿һ壬һȻòһϵϢʥ壬صĸӦһ۾ͷֱͬһˡ
Ը㣬һӣ
¶һ˿Ц޷Զ֮УսⰻȻܸĸֽսһս
ϵ˲ʥĵȷʵòû뵽Ҫʶһ£ʥк֮
ʥгһöɫӣתʮֹ졣
Ҵ棬ɢֲһͷǷֻǲ֪Ҫʲô
Ȼ֮䣬ڵӷ˳ȥֱӳҶüޱȣȻ͵Ϯ
ɣ
ҶһХʥ㽫ʲô壬ɱΪĿġ
һΣҶ׵ıܿ˺ɫӣˣɫƺ۾һȻҶ
ҶôܣɫһֱҶУͲôһ߶ľ룬һУ֪ʲô
Ҷϳһ˿Ũ֮ɫɫӾȻ˹죬Ųű仯ֻҪԼһͣͻᱻС
溬пֲҶ㲻׵óն£һڴ֣ԼҲҪըˡ
ʥĹǧٹ֣ڳܶ곤߶̣Բϡ棬ɱŽٵɣ͵ϮҲкܴĹϵ
磬㿴ûУСϴһֻӡ
ʥҶضܣЦ翪ʼ٩
ܵܣ㲻ɴ⣬ҪԴÿһ֡
ʥȻô˵֮УҲһŪ֮ɫҶضܣҲ̲סЦ
ֵܶˣϴʥģ϶ʥ˵սᴩڣʥ岻ϧε򣬴˿̲Ÿϵ˵㿪
Ҷ㶼κβˣЩߣ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦҲɱҶ㣬ǰʥһţҶ㱻ɱȻǵòˡ
תһ룬ʥĵˣӦһͬŶԣƫƫڳû˳֡
ܣҶѾһЩͷɫ棬Ӧ˵ϢԼôܣֻҪϢڣӾܸӦõ
֮ʩչ˼£˸ӵľ룬ҶҲһ˿Ц⣬һ۲죬ڶ϶Լ²ǶԵġ
Ҷٶ֮죬ʥҲ¶һ˿֮ɫô̵ķУҶ㻹ܽٶȷչּ£Բ򵥡
ʥ㱾£еƲˡ
ʥһԲϵĲٿӣҶ㲻Ŵ
СӣϷںͷҿô㣡
ʥָһһöڵӳˣγҼлҶܵĿռͻСһ
ŵڶöӺХҶЦݣͻȻΪ⣬֮У޷С
ʥɾŽٵɣ޷ܿЩӣҶٶȾȻھŽٵ֮ϡ
ЩŽٵɷ׷¶ɵ֮ɫȻӵǿҶ㶼˼ɵһ㡣
ûУһʩչ
Ҷٴγ֣öӣҲ޷ҶУ׵Ķܡ
ܺãܱܿöξףܲҵ͹ˡ
ӾȻξףһУ׻Ҫ׵绹Ҫֲʥռ׵磬ϵγɵ̬
һ䣬ʥֳһöξףֱӷ˳ȥöӣҶΣˣٶٿ죬Ҳпյڡ
ĶܣʮԪȥҶ϶ԿŪûᱻξ׻С
ûˣһʩչɣ
Ҷ弸ξףÿһζȻڿڣʥûӡ
ɱöԣ
ʥûмóξףҲֻö
ϧ̫ˣĺöˣ
ҶǻһаĻߣߣһڵħֱӽö˽ȥ


1352 ǿײʤ
ڴΪҶҪеʱ˭֪ҶͻȻһڵħ˲佫˽ȥ
ʥɫһ䣬ԼöͻȻʧȥ˸֪ȫ֪ܵȥˡ
Ա֮ʩ
ڶͻȻ׼ʥöڵͻȻֱʥԴ
䣡
˲ϢӾײʥϣ˭Ҳ뵽ξôᱻҶ㷴ٿء
ܵܣ
ʥķһУֱȥʥԴѾˣֻʣڱQԪ񶼱ըˡ
ڶʧˣǰҶԭأξ׾ȻǿŽٵɶը
ʥһ㷢ʥķĺУ˫Ŀ֮У˵Ĺâ
㾹ȻɱҵܵܣҪ
ʥĽʥڵϣ֮ϣ޾ɱ⣬ֵܶǰ˭֪һʱ䣬һˡ
㣬ӦôϽΪ壬ʥĵطִˣҲֵܶžۡ
ҶҲɱӿҺоħŽξȡڶݹ򣬾ͽ֮֮ξףʥը
һ뿪ҪԴ뿪
ʥһҶ߹ɢŨҵϢͷ֮ϣȻðһǳ壬ӵдѪ
ǣҶһ𣬵ʱʥ棬ƺͷҲѵͬһԴ
Ҵ⣬Ҷ䱸ʥĵʵܻʥ֮ϣСģпܱлɳˡ
֮Գٳٲ÷һҶǷֹЩͻȻ͵ϮŷǷǡ
ҪšԴںȸѪɱ걾Ҫҹҹ꣬ӴԺֻһ
ʥļ÷ŭʧǣ֮УɺһƬɢŨѪ֮

Է˶񶾵ԣҶ϶ʱðɣɱǹˮֱк
ɱһ
ûκԥɱ¾ֱ֮ӳˣһǿĽֱնʥġ
ʥûжܵ˼ֱ۾𣬾Ȼȥ
ııģ
һըʥĻˣôܣҶ㶼ѡ
ԶЩ߸ö˵ʥչ¶ʵ𾪣׷¶֮ɫ
ʵֱưɾѪȻǿʥĲŽٵɣʵȴ嶥ľŽٵ
ҶĽ֮ʥٴδ󲽳Ҷ߹ϵϢԽԽǿֱɾǳɲ
дӡ
Ҷֱʩչдӡһö޴ƣγḥ̂ҪѹʥģǿˣγɵĳܲϵӿȥЩʯɳ֮⡣
еʵ
дӡʥֻ΢΢仯һ£˽ٵɣʵѾʥĶ֪
Ҫɱңʵǲƣ
ʥһҲһö޴ӡˣдӡȥ
䣡
ֱֻ֮ըγһڵĢƣڵƲ֮ϣǳ׳ֻۣǶ̶֣̽ȴľս
ԹԵ־ܰɣһһ㡣
ʥľҶ㲻ʮ֮ңϢ棬ͬˮһ㣬ӿ
ƣ
ʥһȣҲһƣҶֱѹƳֵһ̣ܿռ·⵽˽
ӽɽķʥľȻܽǽ֪ʵôɲ
Ծ޴ƣҶоÿһ缡ⶼסˣúѣͬǾŽٵɣʥĵʵҪȸղɱЩǿʮȫͲһΡ
дӡ
ҶٴʩչԪﷺˣݱһžƣƷȥ
ģ
ķ޾Ŀ񳱣ϵ䵽ܣǿԶ˶վȣ㱻Ʒɳȥ
Ҷоֱ۷飬Ӷ棬͸һصǿндӡ
޼᲻֮ٴηҶ޿ɱܣֻúˣԶȥ
飡
һδƽһҶоǰһƵನǰֱӡҶ֮ϡ
ҶǶߵķݣֱӵɳȥһѪ
ϵľ˾תղҶɱɱȴʥıŲˣʥһɳȥ
ȥǵѪҶ촽˫֮Уɱ˵ĺâҲŭˡ
ʥ¶һ˿֮ɫЩ벻ҶԼһ֮£ĻһŽٵɡ
ҲǾһ£ʥĿҶ㲻綼Լ
һҶɫָһöɾħ֮УֱըΪ޾⵽֮С
Ȼ䣬Ҷͷϣðһɫϼ⣬ֱ
ǿϢ
ԶЩ߷׷¶֮ɫҶ㾹Ȼʵ
ʥüͷһ壬֪ΪʲôоҶ㲻ô򵥣ûпйѿеĹͷ
ǿ
ҶһȭͷռֱӱˣȼһöɾԪҪй

ûκԥѾ֪Լһˣɫ
ֱܵϢʥɫϱ仯һֱӰεضһȭɫնȥ
飡
ȭݺݵĻнɫ˶Ĥʹֱס˶䡣
ƣ
ʥһȣҪһȭҶĴƿ
ѹ
ȼһöɾҶ㼸öɾеȫ뵽֮УܸʥĻᡣ
¡
ɫʥԭأȴ޷СʥͻȻ˸һɫףֳֽìһ䣬ɫ
꣡
Ӧ飬ʥĻǿϵķǳ֮ࡣ
ŴѣҶɱⲻǰٽһһöɾըڻ޾Ҷ塣
дӡ
ķһöɾҶ۳ɵľƣ·ɺۣɽ編򣬾һĹԣĤݡ
СϵʲôܣΪŨɽ編֧
ղŵĴǰʩչкܴƺơ
ת֮䣬ӡҲ仯˲٣֯Уգһָʥɽݺݵ
ʥɽ£ʥĲҴ⣬ֳֳìһ̣׷۵һͷǷ
ƣ
ղ˴ҪдӡǹɢŨϢΪһͷͷçޣ֮
䣡
ϴޱܼıըռڲϵݣһ޴ĺڶȻ˴Ŀռѡ
ҵײ޾Ļ𻨣ǻһܲϵӣ˵ս˵Ǿ춯أ˾Žٵɵļޡ
ģ
ӡѣʥĵҲдӡɨУӿнںˣһײǰ
뽺ŵ״̬˫˭Ҳûȳ֣Ŀԣӱ˴˵Уս⡣
ǿײʤͿ˭ӵĸãΪ˵ʵ޼


1353 ɱʥ
˵֮Уս⣬رʥĿ֮УԱ©ʥ屾Ǻս塣
ǵѪҺ棬ѪԶʱڿʼúᣬкսѪҺҲʥΪʲôһֱҪַɽԭ
һ˿˿ʥðֿɲԶЩ¶Ȼ֮ɫͬǾŽٵɣྐྵȻ֮
ҶһҲðһ棬ǺɫĻ棬īɫǵħ棬һˣܵڲϵߡ
ս˲䱬Żˣֱӳ嵽һĻԾ˴ذѡ
Ѿֱ治˵Ӱӣ似ѤʣһŻڱ˴˵ϣ˵ǳǿƾ似ʵԵ˺
䣡
˽ʵʵײһƣ֮ϻһߣҶʹ֮ҲǿС
СľѾöɾˣ׻ָûָ
Ҷ㷢ˮľϴΰ֮ܺһֱϢָʮֻ
Ҷɾָĺܿ죬ѾöǳٳûлָҶʮŭ
ˣˣ㲻ҪżһָԽ죬Ҳࡣ
ˮľҶԺ𣬿ҶǿУҲʮֵģҶˣҲȥǩԼ
Ҷŷ֣ʥĵʵȻ˿ɲƾ似ѹ޷ȡʤеƾҲֻƴܾˡ
⵱ȻҶҪĽܻв˻ҪܾˣЩ˿϶һ̶ϣûʥԶЩߵ
ҲҶ²⣬ԶЩߴֻҪͬʱˣ϶һ֣һնɱ
ֳһ٣
˽ֲµʱСľҶ꺣֮г֣Ȼ೤һöǰһöö
Ҷ磬Գˣҿ԰ʱ䡣
Сľٴ𣬾ɾָĺܿ죬೤һö
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Ҷ֮Уɢаĺ⣬һ䣬ֱӳʥ˹ȥ
һƣ
Ҷһдӡ£ʥĺݺݵѹȥ
ʵǾ͸ýˡ
ʥɫԼĵܵˣһҪҪնɱҶ㡣
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ž£ʥһǶƣдӡԺȥ
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ʥͻȻһȣҲڱˣϧ˵ÿ죬ɫ˵ĸ죬ֱӳʥĵǰ
ը
ҶһȣɫֱըһĢڣʥĸղվĵطһա
Ҫɱ㣡
ʥ׼Ȼ֪Լܵξ׵ȻףǱըĵɳȥϵ׳һѷ졣
ڱ
ҶͻȻǰһȣʥߣöֱӽΧٴα
ıııģ
챬һʥûзӦ˭֪Ҷϻֶһֲ
꣡
ʥϵķѣıҶξ׸ըˣըļƻ޷ʵʩ
ɢȥʥĻѪʧȥףನشֺܶӣѪ
ϵƣʥ˫Ŀɢ֮ɫɱ⣬ͷų
Ҫ㣡
ʥķ·ʧȥǣҶֱ˹ҪҶйͷ֮ޡ
ֻгޣʥĵȼһƴʽҶݺݵĳ
úã
ҶҪľЧξףըʥĵףֻлĻᡣ
˾ԽԽգۼĹײһ
Сľ֣
ҶһͺȣϢĳˣֱסʥĵ壬ܶ
ͫȱ
ͫӰ
δӡ
ɱһ
֮ì
Ҷһְ壬Ľʥûˣ˭뵽Ҷ㻹ֶΣ䲻⽫ʥסˣ޷ж
ҲգۼĹ򣬸ֵһ𣬳˺ʥĵ
ӰǧӣѹΣʥĵ壬һѪɳȥֻܿʣһǼܡ
ǲԪ𣬾һܵѪֻҪʣһѪָܻԭ
ʱ֮ìˣֱӶʥĵԪ

ʥĵԪ񷢳һҽУֱήȥû֪ʥôǿ
дӡˣֱӽʥĵԪ֮Уԭأʱɱһֱ֮Ӵ͸ʥĵԪ

һҽУʥĵԪȻĺ
ʥѪ㾹Ȼɱңʥ׷ɱɡ
ʥĵĺУδֹҶһȻսͲ飬ڷʥҲữ֮ĶԹ
ͷӲ
֮ˣһڵֱӳʥĵĲϣ٣ʥںˡ
ˣҪɱңʥʥӣл̳ʥͳҪɱңʥ׷ɱ
ʥĿʼģݵλȻ֮ߣʥʥӣ൱˽Ļһ
ѹ˶ıǿʵкܴĹϵСõ˼õҪʥǵѪǿٱ
Ҷϣûһ˿֮ɫûо֮ɫ񣬶赲ҶĽŲοһССʥ塣
ɣ
֮ȥʥԪԴһγʥϢֱ˥ȥʧȥԪ֧ţȻء
ˮľصҶ棬ֻһ˲飬˭Ҳû壬ֻǿʥĲܶˡ
ʥ֮ҶϵϢҲ𽥻ֵ⣬·ʲô鶼ûһʥĵĴָ϶вٱ
һȦЩһҴһ£Ҷɱ˵ֶ̫ǿ󣬸ʥ֣ĵơ
û˼֣ҶһߣȻһ뿪ˣڸȥ
ҵ֮أܿһҶϢøǿһֿʵЩۿۡ
Сʱ䣬Ҷ㿴˳ڣǻڽĵȴ
Ҷ˶Χ׷¶֮ɫ
ʦܣû°ɣ
˶ŹĵôãΪҶ˲⡣
û£лλʦֵĹġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʾԼû£ֻʱ䵢һЩ
ʦܣղô£ӵҿҲϵϢôðһ㣿
Ԫ̲סˣҪΪγҶ㡣
漰̫࣬ҾͲһһˣöɵʦܼŵļϣЦɣ黹ұܡ
Ҷ㵱ȻԼݱ©ȥڵõܶ౦ȥ϶ֻҪ鷳
粢֪Ҷ㣬ʱҶòһ꣬һɣֻҪԼϣû֪
лʦܣ
ųɽ編ɵл飬һɶǴˣ֪ʲôʱ򣬸ʲô顣


1354 ں
˶Ǵˣ֪ЩʣЩʣõɵ֮Ҳղŵ飬һɶ
սҪرˣǳȥɣ
Ĵ˵һ䣬һڷȥ׼Ƭֱӻص硣
ͻư˽ٵɵ֮ҶʵʮЩ׵Ѿûжв֮УͥŲУܿ뿪սصС
ʱ֪֮⣬ռ侧ڣȫͬǵǳٲʢ
˭ɱӣ
ʥһȣ֮⣬·͸ÿһ϶
Ҳʥ壬˿ʥ׷ʲô飬ΪʥͻȻ˱ŭ
ʥ岻ͬ˽磬һֳ磬ɽ磬磬ڤ磬ȵȡ
ǲֻͬһӴϵ罻һҲǻ򣬷ΪŵȣӷϿܿʥߵʥĹʥ֮ء
Ҳ飬˭ɱҶɱҶ˸Ҵ
ʥһȣЩʥ˷׷׳Ϣȥôᱻɱ
ЩҶȫ֪ˣĸʦ֣޾棬ʱ䣬ڻص˷ڡ
˶Ҷ˳սڵõ˶ٱ˲ٹʣһ·֮ϣʮƽֱص˷ڣŲ֪ҶѾڡ
ص֮󣬼˽һʽϴߵĲִ٣ʽûüУ뿪˷ڣǰս
ʽǷԾУ˳ʯɵ֤½ʱ˾Ҷ㣬μڣֻһˮɵ顣
ʽ֮Ҷ㱻뵽֮Уһֻˡ
Ҷ㣬ھʹȥһ֮ͬϣܽһЩĵдΪڴ֮á
ĳ˵һ⵽ͬʧȥԺ󴫳оͻϵԷ˵Ȼһʧ
Ҷд飬Է˵һָĿԽͻԭеķ֪ʶ
ˣҲǷڵӣȻϣڸǿ󡣡
Ҷǫ˵ȻΪڵӣҪΪڳһûзڣҶҲõ˶ɾɵ
ãǳ
õҶĳŵ¶Ц⣬ս飬ֻδᣬʵҶ뿪ս֮յϢ
ս㣬пҶ㣬ûʵԵ֤ݣʱһɱŽٵɣϢΪ֮𺳡
ڳ˶ľŽٵɣ֮߰пܿҶ㡣
׽ҶһƬ˰֮ϣͻȻһѷ죬ǷڵС档
ҲǰڻſٳһС磬֮Ҷɽһ㡣
ڣƣȫ˷ÿһƬƺõɽϴÿһɽϢ档
Ҷ㣬Ƿڵֻ洫ӣʸ롣
ΪҶܣĻȫģɽ磬ռر֮衣
ܳ
ҶܳӣܽоһĪİҶоԼͻƵľ磬ȹˡ
ڷ磬Ҷһǳ֮ѣվ۷ˣҵӼ̵磬ɽ糡лͻƾŽٵɡ
һ·֮ϣɺ为㣬Ľÿһ㣬˼ǧˡ
յ蹦վһ¥ǰҶһͷˮԭΪһʮʥ֮أȴû뵽һͨĸ¥֮С
ǲЩ벻Ϊνڴˣ
Ҷһͷˮ¶Ц⣬Ҷʵ
ߵ˵ͷȷʵЩ⣬ôĶӦòڰ
ΪҪʱ̹ͨأң߽صĽ֮У
׽͵ͬʱ޿̶ҪعͨҪĵط
ԭˣ
ҶȻѹԼ꺣֮УϵĹճ·ʵҲڸعͨ
Ŷ룬¥֮УƯһöɫҶ룬ͻȻ⣬ҶֱƮ˹
վһԵĹһȻµˣǸеǳ𾪣Ȼ⵽ͬ
κ˽޶ԣκηӦ
Ҷһɢ⣬ǳҶɹҶȻĴˡ
ΪɵӣҶܵȻವһԼĻ꺣֮У꺣һ
ԭƴٴδһȦ·ҶоŻʱ¶
վԭأҶϷ˸ڷٵǣرͻͽѾﵽ˾Žٵɡ
ȾŽٵɣﵽŽٵɣֻо绹ڰ˽ٵɣһͻƣܴﵽ֮
ȥһյʱ䣬Ҷ˫ۣ֮Уɢһ㲨ƣЩƣٴθҶͷ֮ϡ
ǿɬ˿ʧӰ٣֮У¶һ˿̹Ȼ
Ҷ㲻ͬҶѾһʬ壬׻᲻ϧһдҲҪնɱҶ㡣
ڶģҶĴ룬ǣҶϵö
ڹ׵˼Ҷֻ֪û˵ˡ
Ҷ㣬оô
Ҷͬһöɬı飬Ҷʵ

Ҷֻ˵һ֣̫ˣ֮еİһݡ
߰ɣ
û׷ȥҶ뿪ص֮ϡ
֮һдһЩİأϣԷа
Ҷûж˹ף֮󣬻һĵãǱڣϾ˼ʧһö
ã
ҲûҶ뿪֮У¶ŨŨĳ˼֮ɫ
صԼĶҶҲûȥֱӱĿ˼ڲ֮еİأʱһȥҶϾķԽԽࡣ
εָƽƽ棬ȴӿɱ
սѾ꣬ɽţڱ˽㣬϶ô󲿷Ŀ⣬Ҷϡ
ҸҲʼﱸ޽磬ɽѾ䷢޽翪ڼֻһǧʱ֪ͨţѡӲμӣκ˶лᡣ
֮Ҷóһĵã㼸ʮ֣ɢƣͬȻɡ
ӹҶķĵãϸȥԽԽɿʼ˼˷ܡ
Ҷ㣬ⱾĵãǷڰ֮ڣԻΪһڡ
ʮָˣЩĵãܽһٴηüȼ
ЩǵӸģҽһĵãһҪʾһ£Ҵ뿪һʱ䡣
ҶʮֹϾһ֮
Ҫȥ
¶ɻ֮ɫҶڲ̶ʱ䣬Ҫ뿪


1355 ޱ¥
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ϾڵĵҪطϺܶ࣬°빦ǢҶûжѹ
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ҵ屦֮ٴνͫȱֻܼһʱ䣬Ը֣ǲ
Ӱ滹ޣҲҪϵĽӰҲܽķѡ
ҪҶڱأ޷ŽٵɣⲻɵܶѻҪ
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˱֮еļ˷˳˿һˣʮƵûš
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Сѩ̫꣬һͷţʵܿ׷˰ͯľޱȣԶ档
ȥ򣡡
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޷ͨأȻ޷硣
ùڰ˱֮У˶¶˷ܵЦݡ

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һ˵ĲǰľСѩħѣѾܲһЩħĶ
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Сѩʵ̫ͣħֵֻƾӦܲ²ˣǳˡ
ӣǸô졣
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·
Ҷ飬ŽٵɣԼа취Ըʧ֮ħˡ
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СѩǾжõʱ䡣
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ƺϵҶд˱飬Ҷ㳯ȥλãڷһ͸ɫɫĹľһߴüĿ
ûκϢܰ꣬еĺ֮ɫӦòԲŲá


1356 ֵһĻ
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ҶȫͷˣΪҪԼ
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ֻһĿ⣬ĶҶ㣬ҶҲע⵽ˣȺ֮пȥȻһϤӰӡ
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·ó³ϵ֮ϣֵˣ³ϵֱ۾Ȼ΢΢һǳһ˿ЦݣԭӲֱۣϵ·קڻ
ֵһĻܲ˷̾³ѾΪͻȻܶǴοЦݡ
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ϵպܿ컺˵ЦǺѽӴҶ㣬ʮֿ


1357 
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ҶҲõܶŽٵɲ֮ЩҶҪҶĿǰǳȱ
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Ҷ㣬ˡи֮롣
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һһεΪҶ㽲⣬ҶϳһЩ֮ɫ
֮ǰͿһǧſһΣľֻء
ˡֱԣ޽𣿡
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ϧκֻܵͣڶʮ⣬δɽѡС
ЦһҲǾ֮ʣһϧջδܱɽ翴ϣ֮󣬲򾳽磬֮
βܻý޽ʸ񣿡
Ҷʮֺ棬һǧβô䣬ȫö֪
ĴǿƣŸ֮䣬ʤһǧɱˮн޷㣬֪һ伤ҡ
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ףҪ˵˵ҶʦҵĿˣʲôԳҪɳӰҵĿˡ
ܿҶ˼
׷Ѿһ죬Ŵϵλã³ϵĵһޱ¥λǳ֮ߡ
ƫƫ橣橶޸оÿģտ橸һİ˵ЦûеŭѾѹеŭ档
ݣޱ¥ֻҪһ֣ЩŮӺ޲ܶƫƫ޷橣ý׺ܲ
ˣ
ô֪ĿˣһŮɽ壬һǺü죬ҿ֮ʲô֪ɡ
ͺܳһòȻӣľȻ
ף̫ҪΪ㲻ɡ
ḡϱŨɱ⡣
ʦãȲöŭҲ㱻ƭˣҹҪСӵҪʲôܵޱ¥ҫҫ
Ҷʮ֮ͬʮֲʶһ£ǲ紫˵еô
ǰɣ㣬ˣޱ¥ȳϰѵ˵飬ûֱ治壿
Ҷ㿴ȥˣ˵˵ȥһֱԼҶƽȥ֪ᷢʲô顣
Сӣ㲻תƻ⣬˵㵽ޱ¥ĺڡ
Ȼ󣬵Ҫ˵飬Ƿ˴ɡ
кξģҲİɣִϣнӴϣִ£Ҳֲָֻš
Ҷ㼥һ䣬ʵȻҶδؾͿǿ橵ϣҶһȹȥ
Ȼ˵ûκξģͲҪŮ󣬸ҲҸҴһ
¶βͣҪûҶ֣ɱҶãԲҶʬ壬ɾԼ
Ҷ㣬㲻ģߣ
橲ԸȥҶҪ뿪
Ҷҡҡͷ橲Լ뿪Ҳ黹תԼ׵֮ϣɢһɿɲɱ⡣
Ҷ㣬Ǹ˾ͳһսȻޱ¥
׷һŭȣ֮⡣
ʦ֣֮ԩ޳ΪҪͱˡ
Ҷһ֮ɫȻᣬҶҲûбҪΪ˼ҳñȽᣬҪ֣һ˼ҵĵϡ
ҵŮˣ𹻲͵㣬վ뿪
׷橵˾ֻ֪һֱûӦѡ
˿̵Ҷϸ֮ɫ
ףʲôʱŮˣͷŸɾ㣬ҶҵĿˣݹҲ
橷ϵɱ˿Ҷ㣬̼˼㡣
橣㲻ҽСȥ̸֮顣
˿橣ǰ˳֮УɱԣҪֽҶնɱ
橹лĺ⣬ҿ㻹ȴһԣҪڡ
ҶЦһ橣Ҷѹȥ漰Ů֮飬橶Ҷ㣬̸ϰĽ˴˾ΪѰߵһ
ףȻҶϵһβ


1359 ַ
ڽҶ˵Ц̸֮˵橣Ҷ϶ɢŨɱ
Ҷ㲻ڼ˵ȥԽԽ룬ȻͱˣҶҲӣòŲ˴и֡
ףôսңսǵ㵽ֹ
ҶζЦݣ鵽һԼ޷⡣
ȻսҾ֪֮ʲôŽţҪΪ˼£ĿһУնɱŽٵɵĲֹһˡ
¶ϲ⣬ϣսܾɱҶ㣬ǾŽٵɣҶ߳һףҲԽս
ȻˣǾ붩ʱɣ빫֤ˣҿɲϣСģϵġ
׼Ȼޱ¥аԵ϶ǿĿɽҶ㵹Ǿ£鷳Ҫ˰ɾֻ·ˡ
ã֮һᰲŵصʱ䣬֮ҲӦս
飬ɱȫص֮У·Ѿ֮Ҷһˡ
ʱ򣡡
ҶҲü˵ȥֱӰ˰֣Ը׽̸
֮ҵϢɣһҵĽ£ҵĽֺͷ
׿Ҷһӵӣɱٴαȼݺݵ
橣֪˭ˣһѹ촷ۣ㻹ôС
˵꣬˵֮Уˡ
ףΪ֮ɡ
Ҳø׽̸ȥֻ֪Ҷʵɲ֮׾Ȼ֪ҪҶǩս
Ǻܿ죬ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ʵ׿϶Ҷ֣һǿĸףǿǰɾֻҪһЩҶҪȡʤǺס
ߣǵţ
һ˦֣ת뿪ˣҶԭؿЦѡ
ԭ˵飬Ϊ׵ĵƻһɶҶҲɺûми
Ҷʦ֣Բ𣬶ˡ
橴εһǸ⡣
ûϵӽޱ¥Ҿ֪ˣ׶е⣬ȻҲҲԭҡ
Ҷ˰֣橲𣬴̤³ɽһ̣Ҷ͸о˽״ĵ⡣
Ҷʦ֣ĴӦ֮ս𣿲ȥⳡ
橻ǲϣִ˺˭ֶǳá
ΪܻȻ֮ҲӦҲɡ
ҶٴοЦѾԼ֮һҲһᣬȻԼȻ뿪ޱ¥
֪ʵǿǽ׸ǰɾξսװв֣㡭
ûм˵ȥȻҶⶾ֡
İɣһգ¾̸۵
Ҷֻ֪ܲû뵽׸ǰɾ⻹Щ鷳ʱ䣬Ҫ׼һС
սҶϢ̶һʱʱ䣬ޱ¥ŵӣŵӣ洫ӣʱ䣬顣
Ҷ֪Ҳޱ¥ǧ겻ţʵǳǿᣬײ֪ײʲôĽ
˶Σϣʱ㵽ĿһսˣҲûŽ档
д裬ǵ㵽ֹ֮սǳ֮٣УҲΪ֪
ֵǣޱ¥ֳĬûվֹҲûվҥ
ʱ䣬Ҷ㾲Ĵʱ໥۵ϣҶɾϵǿԼԪ
Ȼ粻ͻƣҶԾԼԪԼʱ䣬Ҷ˶ʮöɾ
ٶȣҶ㶼Ϊ𾪣ͨˣһöɾһ궼޷յһɶǰ˽ٵɣһöɾ֮еҲҪʱ䡣
Ҷڶ̶ʱ䣬˼ʮöֱǷ˼ɾԼɺۣͳͳ뵽֮С
ʱ䣬ҶʵʩչܷԲǧ׾롣
ǿĽɫ䣬ȫţҶʵȻ˿ɲ
Ҷʦ֣ʵ
橵֮ɫʧҶչ¶ʵŽٵɣҲ޷赲ҶĽŲ
Ҷ΢΢һЦɱۣ֪֮˼٣Ҷ㵱ȻҲ͸¶ˮľΪƣǰɾȻҶ㲻κˡ
ʱ䶩ʲôʱ򣿡
ҶûжԼʵĽͣǳʵ
ʱһʱʱ䣬صޱ¥洫㳡Ҫⳡ֣򡣡
üͷ壬׽صѡޱ¥ĳֶ⹫˸ܶһۿϣ֤һ£βҶ壬ɾһ
Ҷ㵹û뵽׾Ȼʦڣ˷ԲһЩţһۿ
ʮаգҶͷˣƾʲôţնɱԼ
ʱˣǳɣ
һʱ䣬橳Ҷ˵
ߣ
һҶһֱŵȻ֮ɫɽȥ֮ǰһǰŮ֪֮Ҳ׷׸
⼸һֱߣڽ׵ʮַС
ʱ洫ΪΧˣƾޱ¥ռ˾ųɣһЩ
ޱ¥ضλãҲ絽Ͽʲô鲨ߣһߣþȻʮƣǽ׵ĸס
㿴˭ţֻҪնɱҶ㣬ҫں׶ϡ
ߵߴĿһеı飬ƺûйĽ֮Уһɰµ֮
ϣΪⳡսϵ
ޱ飬ʲô
һ֪
׵ĸҲ˵һԣԼĶվ̨ܴɲ֮
ʦּͣǸˣΪҫҫ˲֪ޱ¥ǿġ
һЩӷȲʣΪ׼ͣܵһ˸߹һˣַҶ㡣
³׳˭֪һ̫ͻ˼ʣҶȻӡ
˶Ҷ㣬ɾԼ
һţԺŵǰۿһ֮ս
Ҷ˻δѾɽɽƣҶĵǳ֮
̤嶥ӡҶɽ˺ΧˮйֻͨһͨԽ롣
Ҷ㵽Ŀˢˢľۼϣ֪漣˵ǺҲ
Ҷ֮Ȼ죬ָ֮٣ռҶҲ˶ѣδ紫ԣͷۡ
ɱɱ
Ҷһ֣֮ȻһַҶ㣬Ҫ֮ɱ
Įַе޵Ŀ⣬ҶƽԵĮҶϰΪ
ֱߵ̨λãվӣžԼʮ֮ңĽףֻϣһµı飬Ҷ㣬һм֮ɫ


1360 Դ
Ҷ̨ܵ˲䱻ȼַҶ㡣
ֻм˱˳ĬԴ˴νսκۣǵһʵķʽϣͨǵĽ֣жԼʵΡ
Ҷ˹ȥüͷ֮Уһ˿ƺҲ޷赲ķչ΢΢һƲÿߵߡ
һжˣߵò߷ƣǽ׵ĸףĿһеӣҶףδ
״ֻҪͬ⣬ǩ¾ͻЧǩ֮ǰһһ£սǶϷںڻüд裬һ£ϣϸá
һʮҵóһ״ϣ˿սݶϷһ֣ݡ
ѾˣҪ壬ˣҽײš
װ˰֣ܻڸģսģڻڸģкˡ
ڿҶ㣬Ҫ֪Ҷʲô뷨Ͼ˼ǿͣޱ¥ռƫƫûֹ
ҿԾܾ𣿺ȻܡҶЦ
ڣڲûҪأǺЦ´ڣĺԺ˭ޱ¥
Ҷȴܴÿһ䣬ͻȻžһƬû˵
رǵź֮ܶˣŻԺţҶһһʯӣƽĺ棬粡
һ飬Ҷ㲻ޱ¥ӣͶģһǵ¸³ϵŮޱ¥ĵӣڱƣޱ¥ս
Щ˷׷ײٿڣغޱ¥ӡ
վҶǰҲЩΣͺñȣһ˵ң㲻Ҫɱһڣ飬һ衣
Ҷ㣬㲻ú˵˵ս㣬ޱ¥θɣ֮ĶԹ㲻ҽսҿԽսŲޱ¥棬ͲԵԴС
һȣҶ㣬ȫ£˽˶Թޱ¥ûκεĹϵ
ûκιϵҶһЦ
㸸ӦѪɣθףԪǣƲ𰡣
ҶŪĽɫǳѿʱ䣬׸˺ܶԪǽ¤״ԼϣŽٵΣ޷¤ס
˵汻˽ҴɫǳѿҲ˵㽪ӮˣҲӮúܲʣкܴĳɷ֣Լĸס
ܴһϾޱ¥˶ӵЩƽʱ۸ĵӣ׷׷
ڸ̨ϵĽ׸ףɫҲԼϻ˴ѪڵڱҶ̣һǵͨ졣
Ҷ㣬ϻ˵ңҿԷŹ㣬ȡε
һƽϢеŭһȣѹȥ
㣿
ͲˣֻǲмС˵оˡ
Ҷҡҡͷδսͻ˽ף޵ݡ
ʦ㣬û뵽ҶԴǾȻ˼ңѾս˥
վߵһŮžȵĿǣϴθһǰ򣬱Ҷڴ֮У˿̿Ҷʮּң
ȹģײҶĶ֡
ʵҶ֪׸׿϶Թֻۣû뵽Ҷ˵£ýﷸӦʮܣȻӮˣҲܲ
Ǿͷϻ˵ǩ״ɣ
ŬƽϢԼ֮еŭԸڸҶ㽻̸ȥȥδ֣ͱҶˡ
ôż㸸֪𣿡
Ҷ󳰷Ľ۴У޲ھҪ֡
վһԵҡҡͷ츳Ȼϧ̫ˣҪ׳ţͱ˴С󣬼ڵҩ棬ͷҲóˡ
һߣ츳ʵڵһ־ǵһλ־ᶨٺõ츳Ҳ޷Ϊǿߡ
״С۹泤˶ǰķУܵ裬Ҷŭʧȥ硣
һ㸸֪ߵ߱ӳ˳飬Ҷǲݰ׵ĸ׶ȥˡ
Ҷ㣬紫ҲˣֻƤѣҴСˣ㵱֣ԭֻһССѡ
Լı飬ƽܵҶĴ̼÷ŭ
ʲôˣȻ˹ֲָֻۣţȻԼܲȫ㡣
һҪɱԼˣҶѾ̼ĲˣûбҪĥƤ
Ǿ͸Ͻǩ״ɣ
׷ĺ⣬״ǩԼ֣ӡһǩ£Ͳ÷ڡ
߽״ŵҶǰҶıʣֱдԼ֣Ҳӡ˫Ǵһ¡
Ȼ˫ǩ״һнޱ¥޹أϣǺΪ֮
˵ĺһ˽˾ޱ¥ûκιϵϾҪǰޱ¥ǣʧʡ
Ҷ㣬ڣ
׵Ȳˣ״ǩµһ̣һһȭҶ£ɲˣǺˮһ㣬Ҷ
¡¡
ȭҵĺ˿̣һ֮ϣɢ棬ÿһ̨Żζֽɫâ¡ը죬𵴰˻ϡ
ѵһĺԾ򣬶ָԶۿЩˣ׷׾ǧѵһľ֮ս
һͷʢţһޱ¥ǧ겻һײǾ춯أһȭ˳
Ҷ㣬ڵӣܶྪ춯صĴ£ҪܵĶҲǺܶЧµĿģ
ǵҲãģҲգĴ棬Ѿʷᣬ֪ǿںδ
ǲ֪ҶսƬͬȵţе֡
ŹâɵȭҶֱͻȻֻ̧֮ϣ־춯صĵᴩĿĹâͻȻ䣬Ҷͬһֱӱȥ
ܿռ䣬ҵķֱɱһ𣬴ϵ£ɱ˸Ӱӡ
һսѾ˵ǾŽٵ۷֮ս˰ɾ֮⣬˿ڡ
䣡
һ֣֮֮γһǿܲϵӿȥҺ̨׼ǾŽٵɣҲ޷˺̨ϵĽơ
ֿ֮վ̨һ࣬ɫ죬ҶͦΣֻؿ΢΢
û뵽˶˲ľš
˸ղžĶǵһ֣ԶЩ˿Ѿ˳ޣֻһľ
ߣʦһὫҶ˺÷顣
Щӵ׵ˣţһնɱҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬Ҳˣ벻ҾնɱһţҾ˷ܰ
촽ٴαһɱϢҶ֮еԪˮޣһͲԼ


1361 
׽̤գһµƣһֱӱ󱬡
ǲãգҲ㽪ף
Ҷ㿪ڣƽʹ֣֮һ˽ǰ
ϣɢһ貵Ĺâɨޱǳһ޵пµƣԶǳһһ䣬ڻ
ҶȻŭֵ֮ϣ¶ɢϢһ㱻ѹȥ
һҶȳ֣һȭӳѣռ֮ϣȭ˺ѡ
һ䣬Ҷֱײȫͷ˷أָأһˡ
ǵԪҶ㳬̫࣬ʱͺܶԪҲֵҶ
Ҷʱ䣬ռʮöɾȫѨ֮УһԺء
¡¡
ֵҰޱȣʢĹִأɽӶҪû
ȿɲľֱ̾˼ΨֱɿµϢ
Щֽ֧׵ˣ׷¶֮ɫȫ벻ҶʵȻ˿£ЩˣǱ˵սĿѣ룬ѡ
ҶƣɨңÿһȭǣشһЩڼŽٵҡҡͷ
飡
Ҷٶ̫ˣĲ˼飬һȭɨֱӻн׵ǰأ˭Ҳ뵽һжֵľȻҶ㡣
ڽ·˲仯Ϊһθ׳ˣǽ׸͸¤ס
ҶоԼһɽǿķ֮㽫Լȥȭͷ֮ϣײ
Ȼڹǣ
ϴ¤ףҶЦ
ֵܿЩ˷׷ױտڲǽ¤ףƾղһȭҶܽˡ
˿̣ҿҶĿ⿪ʼ仯紫ԹȻ٣ҶʵǳǿǿĲ˼顣
Ҷ㣬ҵģ
ɫܲÿղһ֣ٶȻǵãҶԶ
ҶȻһȭԼҪ¤׻壬ܽԼˡ
׻һ䣬гһֵı㣬һβӣʮء
棬׾ȻԼı˽ף
Զ˷󾪺Щţ׵ĸΪⳡѪ
ˣѹܽԼıȥǿӵԼԪ꣬׵ĸףҲԼĶӲҶ֣Ѫ
ʮֹĹ棬ҶһƤǸо氵ʲôΣ
Ȼ֮䣬׳ˣеĹɢϢҶʶͻȻһ㱣ǱһεĴסˡ
ǻ㱵һɲǼ䣬׵ˣεץס˻ᣬ泯ҶǰȻ¡
ܴ󾪺׷ʲô飬ҶΪ޶ԣ˵ֵ
ֻм֪Ӱ˵꣬ö˲ɥʧ
ۣ
Ҷʶָ˫񵲵ĶǱУһѪһǺϵȥҶݺݵɳȥ
һддײҶκλᣬٴϮǵƲˣҶ㴭ϢĿܡ
籩꣬ҧţһԹҧסҶ㣬һнҶơ
ֲҵĶԾһص̨Ѿܲס˵ײΪʯضײ
ҶʶӦ˹棬ԭİؾӰ˵꣬Լ֮֮ͬ
ֻԼۣ֮Ƶĸӳף꣬ǽ
ղһ£ʹ˽࣬ҺҶǿܹһֻˣˣ¸ղһѾֳʤ
Ҷ㱻׷ɱ橷ȭ󣬵ȻϣҶڽ֣֮ǹ֮ޱ¥û˲֪ǿǽ׸׵ɱﵡ
ô
˶⣬Ҷҫ۵ţΪα˲ˣشȫˡ
֮ǰҶռݾԵƣŶ̶ʱ䣬ս־ͷ˾ת
¶֮ɫϣҶϽ취ƿһֱѹȥ϶ᱻҵᣬͻɱ֡
ⲻǱд裬սһССͻ͵
Ҷ㣬ְΪҪܡ
ɢӰӣѾ׵ӰЦӽ׵ɢֵ⣬ֿչ¶쾡¡
óֵʱȻ֣
Ҷܵղű˵˿Ѿϣȫ𲻵κãΪѿȾŽٵɡ
ߣҿܶ㵽ʱ
ͻȻӿٶȣɢĺ⣬Ҷֶ£ޱȡ
һ׷һ㣬ڳ׷սģֶԽԽɫʮѿǾŽٵɣ꣬Ҳ޷ѡ
˭֪ҶȻǿ󣬲̶ʱ䣬Ͱ˹ľ꿪ʼɹ
Ϊ֪Ҷ꺣֮Уöǳǿʱ޿̶ڹͨأһЩаʴ
ƣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһȣһö޴ƴֱ򽪺ס
дӡ
ˣ֣ҶѾ͸˹ãҪԻ˵ǣ˲նɱ֡
ĶֲҶ㣬˽֣̫֮аа飬˲Ĺͷų
ǣ
ռ䴫ǵ𣬳ܲסдӡѹ׷ѣ׵壬о嶼޷
ôܶҵĹ
ЩţԼҶ㻹׵İ˹Ĺֱ˼顣
ûʲôܵģֻ̫ˣ֮ܶѣżսʤңǿЦ֮
Ҷ㷢ЦŻһ䣬дӡ£ͬһ޴ĥգ㳡
ԶЩֵˣ׷¶֮ɫҶһ𾪡

һȣ֮ϣɢڵ·Щǵ⣬γһ֮дӡԽӶȥ
䣡
ɽȻͬײһ޾ˣҵĺܲϵƽ
ĽһЩˣ׷ȥܲĳȫ׵ɱ˽ٵɡ
꣡
һˣγɵ˲ѣдӡֱѹ׵ǱƷɳȥ
ۣ
һѪѪȾ˲񷣬ĺɫâ˲ήҶƻһЩ·
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ܹ֮һЩ·𣬽׷Ľϵıȫˡ
ⲻܣ׾ȻҶһɡ
Щӵ׵ĵӣȫܽܣôܻĽʼźý׸Ͻ֣նɱҶ㡣
Ҫɱң㻹ʸ񣬸óҵĹˡ
ҶΪһǣֱʧԭأ׺ɨȥ£ɢĹԣһ飬䡣
ҶϵϢҪȸղǿһֹʱҲһֱҶ㶼ʵѹûչ¶
Ϣûʱ˼еĹٴγ֣֣ܿϧҶѾκӰˡ


1362 
ײţԼйĸϸ͵ԪǱҶɡ
ŹĹ棬Ҷ¶һ˿аЦӦ˹֮Ҷ겻κν
ϣɢĹԣ·Ҷ޷Ŵ󣬰գֱۻһ޴

飬Ҷʩչ˴֮󣬴βƣһ֣ԭء
Ȼ֮䣬̨֮ϣ׵УȻ޷еĹҵĲ޷̳ȥ
ǿĵ⣡
ǹɿɲϢԶЩ˷׷¶Ȼ֮ɫ֪Ҷ˼ǿĵ⣬ȴû뵽ǿ
ҿ
׷ŭĺУŽŲһǰԽҪѴ
ϧ͹˴֮Ҳ޷ֻԶ
սַ˾תղŽ׷ҶɱڷˣҶһ޴ͽԶ
úܶ޷ܣô飬׿ǾŽٵɣй渨Ϊ͵ԪȫѹŽٵκζ֡
ףɣ
Ҷ֮УɢŨҵɱ⣬Ȼԩ޳𣬵ǶԷͱˣԼǩ״Ҷ
и
Ҷʩչ˴иҶһʩչһ޴ĳֳˣҵĺ׹ѹȥ
иʱ˵ĿˢˢľۼϣΪޱ¥ֻ˴и
ɫƽҪͣΪҲѧ˴˫໥
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׵ıȫˣղŻһ֮ɫת۱þ壬¤׵һɢҲ֮仯

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ͻȻоиϾҪ壬¤Ѿһ޴ѷ죬иʱ͸ȥ
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ҶɢɱиԽԽһõʵսУܶطҶ㻹Ҫһ֣иø
ԴиҲԴӲ桢棬κһ涼иֱлǻߣҶʩչ쾡¡
վԶҡҡͷԼʮ꣬ҲûдﵽֵزҶ㲻̶ʱ䣬Ͳ˴иİء
ҶԪǿкܴĹϵӳ֣κ似ܿٵе衣
꣡
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׾Ȼʱ򣬻вԭ֧ˣ׷¶֮ɫǽ
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ֳɱ⣬ܵȻ½Űɾ棬Ҷ㻹Ҫɱˡ
Ҷ֮󣬽һ𣬾ȻԾһǺܿи׵ֵҶҪɱԼֱڵ졣
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׵гһߣҶţҪŰɾ棬ҪնɱŽٵɡ
һ˹ȥҶϵɱԽԽŨγʵʣ󣬳һ޴ħ
ħ֮ٴδ󾪺Ҷ֮УȻħʡ
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ͫȱ
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Ҷһʩչֵ⣬Ĳ˼飬˭Ҳ뵽ҶĻͻɱ֡


1363 ðնɱ
˭뵽Ҷĳˣޱȣһ㡣
ֻͻȻҶ㣬һ˹ȥʩչͫȱһ˽ףʩչ֮
ٶȣȫ߸˵Ҷ˷֮⣬ٶȷӵ쾡£ֻҪзĵطҶӰӡ
оһʹǱһ£˶ݵѣΡ
˵öҶǿޱȣȶŽٵɣ㲻ܿưɾҲꡣ
ֻҪһ£㹻Ҷնɱˣֱ˹ȥڵֳ֮׵ĲӺɨȥ
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䣡
ҶƷɳȥʶ֮һǻָһȭҶȥ߽ʵʵһȭǶߵķݣֱӵɳȥ
ۣ
һѪҶ̨һǣ֮֮Уޱϲʮƽ㱾ˣҲ赲˷ĽŲ
꣡
һ˶Դ˳ȥʮ֮ߣһѪ׸ңѪ꣬׵嶨ԭء
ԴϷʮͷŻأûгԴڷתÿܡ
ĮޣȴҲ޲ˡ
Ҫ󺰣ܳ־ʲôҲֻоԼһɢ
ڿҶ㣬һɱ⣬ý׵֮Уһ˿⣬ϧһжˡ
׶
ûҶ㣬˽ף֪Ǳͷʬ壬ǱһԴĺС
ԶֵЩ˲˵ֻ벻Ҷ㵱Űɾ棬ɱˣնɱ
ôģûʵȻ޼ҶʲôĹ
һȣýʧ˲䣬ʲô⣬һжһһ˵ͷ
벻ͨҲ͸Ҷ֮ƻٴδ
ʮֽţΪ建վһӽͷų
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Ҷ㣬Ҫ㣡
źУֱҶ񣬱ش˿̲ս
УҶѾеˮľ꣬Ҳʮö˸ͬھ
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¶Ц⣬ȵþ仰һŵȡöͨ޽ƣܻ㡣
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Ȼ䣬ڽҪֵʱһӰ̨ϣҶм䣬ֻҪ֣϶Შмˡ
ʲô˼
ջƣΪվ˳Լǰ
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ҲܣСӱҪ˭ҵǰС
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Ҷڿս֮ǰ˵Сģϵģû뵽Ӧˡ
ϣǰԾ֣һֱһֱڹǽݹ׶ôڷ㻹ڤ粻顣
ӵ棬һٲӣ̲סˣҲ΢΢Щ仯
ʲôʸѵңҳʱ㲻һ꺢ͯٸҵסңݹҲ
ֱԶЩϷ׷סˣһ¸̨ڲƵ̨֮ϣһȰ͡
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ߣҾͲСӵóҵġ
Կηô೤ϳ֣Ҫɱ˿϶ˣ񶾵ĶҶ㣬ɱȻŽ׵ʬһԾ뿪̨
Ҷɢ˰ɣ
ϴĺȵ˶ȥ
Ҷ㣬橣
˵һ䣬λһ뿪ȥ
Ҷһۣϣ֪ΪҪˡ
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ϼʵҪ˺ܶ࣬ѹûнҶϾҶɱޱ¥ӡ
㽪αӣҲޱ¥ĵӣڱһɱĶЩܡ
иԼõģޱ¥ҴˣҲΥڹ棬ƺЩˡ
橶һսܲãΪ鶼Ųδֹⳡɱ橶ޱ¥Щִ
Ϊޱ¥ӣõκζޱ¥йأôԼĶ
˵Ļһˣ֮ɫֻҪޱ¥ӣκζŵġ
Ц˵˵˶ٶϽɸš
橷ʣһ˿Цޱ¥ʮӣĸûѵҪ
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̸֮橲ܿǲһ㣬ҶΪ޹⵽˽ƣ鲻ãҲ
Ҷֹۣͣһ橣ϣܸһĽ͡
Ͱɣ
Ҷվ˳ҲǵˣϾ橵ĴиԼҶҲ
橹ｫиҲ٣δΥڵڹ棬ô˫ǻӮĽͣ𣿡
ҶҲĻش𣬽Լ橽˵˵һ顣


1364 ħ
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¡
ͻȻֱһ̧һ޴ĽɫǴ
ǿĹ֣г϶վ׷׵ͷ
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ѾҶ綼뿪ޱ¥ڱڴ˵أЩ
㲻ˣа취뿪
ҶŰο橲õġ
ɫҶͻȻ뿪ɽ壬һصشȥҹɫû˿ҶӰӡ
лľ֮
Ҷ㳯ǰĺ˱һȭȻЩΥģϾǾһ
㲻øлֻһֻĹϵֻҪסĳŵͿԡ
˹Ȼһڵ·ûʶ
ҶҲûʵĸлֻһʽϵıö޽ƣԻȡԴҶ붼ʹ
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ԭҹɫҶ뿪ޱ¥нغҶû뿪ޱ¥Ŀܡ
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ҶһͷˮôὫĹĵط
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Ҷ㱧һȭһȦ֮Уһǿ֮ˣҶ屻һȦʧԭء
ǳʧҶҲʧˣ֪͵˺δ

ֱ֮󣬽ŵ֪ҶѾ뿪ޱ¥ɽ嶼ˣʮһֹűһսս
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ҶˣŭйϣԼĶΪŮʲ
Ϊ飬Ҳģֱ뿪ޱ¥ȥɢȥˡ

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Сѩڹͨһ£׷ǵħ˾жԶҶ㳯Сѩʵ
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µ񣬾ΣҶҲȥһ˭֪Լʲôط
ʧȡ֮һħƣſ޿ڣһڽҶ˽ȥ
Ҷ뵽ޱ޼ʵħ֮Уܻлʱð֮ϣǻɽŨĻ档
ղűȣȫߺģҶԼ֮䣬ܶħ޴ԼƮ
ϵѺۣҵҽӽʣҲ֮
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Ҷ㾪һ亹ѵԼ͵ħ
ˣҶ㳹ˣϵĴȻªԳ󣬾ȻֱӴ͸ռ侧ڣҶ㴫͵ħ
Ҷֻǲ²⣬жϣҲҶԼο
һ֮󣬵ƾһѹܴͳ֮⣬ѵģ
ҶͻȻ뵽뿪ʱǴŵаЦҶƺˡ

ޱ¥֮УĺŲˮܺá
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Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ѽһǧ飬ǰֻ취뿪ħ˵
ɲ磬ҪǱħ֪Լħ򣬻׷ɱҶһͷƤ顣
ǰﲨȥ
Ҷʶɢȥоǰƶħޣħˡ
ΪһǣڷŭĻ֮ϣеħƣҶҲҷɵ̫ߣͿշУԪ
ԶԶȥڵһȺħڻøһֻɢħ࣬ڰ׷
Ȼħ򣡡
ҶڿԶ϶ˣ˿Լħ֮У粻ôħ˳û
ʶɨЩħˣֶͨĵħ壬ʵߵĲٵɣѰʳ
һԾ䵽˵֮ϣɱ¾֮ĳˡ


1365 
ħ̣ྫѪʳѪ⣬硣
һЩħ壬ϲʳͯͯŮ˷ָ
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Ҷʲôħ壬ֻϽ뿪ط
뿪ħֻ취
һλһħػħҲɱ¾֮ɢɭĹâһȥԴͻҡ
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һ취ǽħڵĴ󣬵ڶ취ǽȪħŵĴħ򣬶ǿסˣǡ
ħûм˵ȥħ򣬶ħ壬ѱռݣԴ
ʲôҶʵ
Ҫ뿪ħ򣬻һ·ѪħǣҲһ壬뿪ħ򡣡
ħἰѪħǣֿʼƺѪħħأ˵֮أκ˲̤롣
Ѫħǣʲôط
ҶܸоͷħʮֺѪħǣԼѪħʲôӿ¡
Ѫħħһأ浽飬ϹʱڣħսУȥħ룬ᱻɡ
ħ򵥵һ飬֪ѪħǶôֲ
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Ҷ˼һ£ǰѪħǣ壬뿪ħ
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ҪǰţͶҶ㻹ûаգš
ҪȥѪħǣ
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˴֮ҶವһʧԭأѪħǸȥ

˿̵ľħڣǻȪħţȪˮʼҵĹԢħڿ
ҶȻħҪʲôѵҪͶ𣿡
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ʱ䣬ħӿħַ׷׳˭Ҳʲô飬ֻм֪
뿪ħɽڲħ緢Ҷ㻹ǲҸ߿շУƺգһħǡ
Сѩǻжþ׷
ҶʶСѩͨħ·ǳ᫣谭Ҷǰٶȡ
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Сѩü壬ħָӦܿ췢ĸ׷Ҷ뵽˰Χ֮С
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ӣкηԸ
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ħԾħڸȪħ˽٣Ѫħǣ֪ζȹ
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Ǳˣ͵ħдħ׷ϹǱҪҵԲߡ
Ҷ򵥵˵һ飬׷Ѿûˣ뿪ǹؼ
ħҪЫħ澭ҲħһֺĹǳأħˣܻЫӣʮǿ󣬷ǳöԸ
Կٵ˵ǾħĹµӣʵ߳ɱ
Ȫħţħ䣬Ҳһħ幦ǽıǶʹħ弼Ѳľħٻٻ꣬ѳȥ
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֪βֹܿ
Ҷٴʵֻҵƽܸ֮õĻܶ֡
Ȼϧ㵽ڣҲֻǲһ˿Ƥë֮ܲǾͻ᲻ս԰ܡ
ûȪۣ˻ȪţʣȪˮħ
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ҶһͷˮֻǴ˵һҳҶһ˿ħϴ񣬻һʲôҲûС
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βԸҶ̫ȻǻȪʮĴˣδӴİأһϲͨ
һֱһѵľ
ͻȻʲôħокܶഫУ¼ʻлȪˮ֮
ʲôѵ
Ҷ㿴һ˿ϣȵĿԡ
ֻأ棬Ȫţ·
˵ʮ֣ħѵö֪
ֻأ桭
ҶϸϸĽ⼸֣ϣҵһЩأƶǶҶʮܣףʵһ㶼ס
ȲˣһһϦ顣
Ȼ벻ףҶ㲻ȥ룬ҲԵδԴҲ򲻳һЩ
Եˣ㲻ȥҲȻʣԵ֣ҲԵͿΡ
ӣԸûжİգǶԸħ壬һֶΣǻѪħ壬Ӧ
Բڻص˱Ҷһ𲢼ս
ħĻߣħͳߣֻħһңûһգڹҲʣ޼ˡ
Ҳã
ҶͬԵҪöһ֣Ҳһ
һʱ֮ҶǰȻˣһ׷Ҷ㣬˻δħʼ


1366 ħ
Ҷͣס壬Զ˼ٿҪ뿪Ȼˣֻվԭأ˳ֵ׼
Ҷ㣬·㲻ߣŴȻҴħ򡣡
ѸٽҶΧγһΧȦħˣǾŽ׸֡
ʥܣּˡ
֮УһҶȻϤ֮ǰҲһϽõϴ񣬻֮󣬾ͻ˾硣
Ҳ̶̰꣬ٵͻƵ˰˽ٵɣħ򣬾ڡ
ûг֣ǰҶʵǿ
ڲͬħ򣬵Ƿħ棬һսħʱ޿ħ࣬Ҫ֧֡
ѹҲȥǳԿɾ֧֣Ȼпݽߵһ̡
¹˭δ֪ɣħ̶ֲѨԲǵ壬뿪
ҶЦһħΣҲ޷赲ԼѰʵĽŲ
ԲѣԹԵĽҲῼʹ㣬Ȼڤ粻飬ǻһĥ㣬ֱΪֹ
վڶʥߵһħ˵¶һɺݣһ֪ûٲʳľѪ
õпͳħ壬ħ˭ܹͿЯħ֮УΪħӡ
ջʥħҲ⣬뵽׷ɱ֮С
ȷƾʸ񡣡
Ҷ˵꣬ȳˣΪǿ꣬Ҫ֣սپΪҲ˿ʼˡ
֣ҶԸ
Ҷ㳯һȣȲסˣʣĸԼȫԽ
ûκ⣡
ֱ˿һˣ뺨ĴսһϣͻȻðһɿɲϢħһ
ΪҸоѪܵ˽
һħЩףоѪܵ˽һĽ·˾ʡ
лѪɱɣܼ̳ħѪͳ
ҶһħˣԵ棬ӵħĻѪ֮У޾̰
ħҪˣҲû뵽ҵһ˴ĻѪ
ƾǼС㣬ҲҵѪǼʶһ£ʲôħ
ԵһöڵСģ˭ҲҶ㶼ûԾȻб
ˣ
ͻȻûһСģһεĲˣʥܵһħһᡣ
ӣϽ֣
һȣҶϽ֡
и
飬Ҷֱʩչ˴иݱ֣ն£Ȼ֮䣬Ϊһ࣬δѹͱҶնɱ
˺ָܿǣ׷ʲô飬ͬѾˡ
ãħģħ壡
ʥܼʶ㣬һЩħżУħֻħʹãҪĿģǿħꡣ
ҪͳΣȨ֮⣬϶һֶΣԸЩ֮ħľ֮һкܶƵıҲ
ֻҪħģħͻᱻס޷ѣڸߵľ磬Ӱ죬Ǹ̫̫߳ࡣ
ʣɫ׷״䣬ֹͣ˳֣ǼɵĲҶ㣬ħġ
ҶҲ¶ɻ֮ɫû뵽ﻹȱħ壬ħ֮УһЩϡ
֣һ𣿡
Ҷ¶ЦݣҪһ£ͲѴ֮ʣնɱ
ΪͨĹһ£ҪϢü죬ҺħŨһָ
԰һۣħģôףҪɻһЩѪſԣҪȥԹƺܿͻһ߸ʬ
ǺãϢһ£ʣҾˣ
ҶҲ֪Ҫ߶һǿıҪĲԪ꣬Ҫʹã϶⵽ɡ
ͻҶȻȳ֣˺ܿ콻սһ𣬸ֵ⽻֮֯ϣһˣҶ˿·磬ԼѹƵơ
Ǻħѷò˶ãɿݣĥ
¶ЦȻʼζֻҪľҶԪɡ
ûħѾɳǰҿСӡ
һһ䣬·ҶѾϵ⣬ʱ׸
˵̸ҶֻЦǵ͹ԼԪ벻Լȱľɾöռʮ궼ղꡣ
ܻλƣֻҪסҶȥ·ͿˣʮֽȻ֪ħʲô⡣

Ȼ䣬Ҷʩչ˴һޱȾ޴ֱԭأеʧˣ˴󺰴С
ٶȵûƣѹˣҶ㻹ЩѶȣܿ죬дӡ֮֡
˶ʥʵԸһЩ֮⣬⼸˸Ϊ壬һŽٵɣҶ㲻֪նɱ˶١

һȣдӡȫ֣֮£óַҪֵĴӡ
ǧศɣԽ࣬ҲԭдӡƿΪҶ˴и֮Уôӡ١
ǧһĴǧһʲôģû
Ҫ
ʥߵħ巢һĲҽУıѹ⣬ֱӻΪѪ⣬ӡնɱһˡ
֮
ҶûκԥŨ֮ˣ·ʴ˵꣬վԶԶһÿɲ֮
꣡
һ˶ԴħѪʺɫǰɫ֮ߣһ㵹£
Ұᣡ
Ҷһħķ򶼱ֵ鷢ˣЩħħ֮󣬾תħħ뵽֮УҶĵԪȻĻָˡ
ô£ΪҵԪָˣ
ҶԼһͷˮԼħ壬ΪħҲա
ǵԸԼֻħܲѵԼĸħйϵ
ҶԼʼҡˣϴθ׽֣ħħգҶĿʼɶ
ȲˣֻҪһ޵ҲãħҲգ赲ҵĽŲ
ҶĺֻܿҪԼһħ⡣
ղŻˣת֮䣬ֻʣ¶ʥһˣ£ʮǱɺ죬ЩţŹȥʮʱ䣬ֻʣԼڿ֧š
ʥܣڸ˵ˣԼԲãҶ֡
ҶżЦݣʥǻȪħŶţϧҶ㣬ڸʮܴ꣬ﵽɾҡ
Ҷ㣬ħ򣬾ɱǣҲ뿪Ȱ㻹ǹԹԵ־ܣһصȪħţһħһֻҪħһΪ㡣
ʥܷ˵ֿȻգϣҶʱȪħῼǷһ·
ǿЦ㣬֮𣿡
ҶЦȻܵģսҲܽ


1367 
ҶβʥɫǳѿҲԸ
Ҷ㣬㲻ɱңҿǻȪħŵӣҪɱңȪħŲŹġ
ʥ֪˵ĻԵ԰ףϣܻһ
˵ĲҵȻɱ㡣
Ҷ°ͣ˼Բߣɱ˶ʥȷʵϧеǰҪиİָá
Ĳɱң
ԼԲˣʥ¶ϲ⣬ֻҪܻţʲôá
ûҲɱ㡣
һȻ㣡
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦһöüĴ˳ֱûʥܵĻ꺣֮С
ˣ
̶ȥʥһ˿仯ƺҶΪˣҶ֮Ȼ˶ʥܡ
ڵԪֻ֮ܿʮŽٵɣʮ˰뿪ħҲаա
Ҷĵ˵ͷ֮ΪҶԪޣһβٿʮѾǼޣҪǶȻ̫࣬׻ңԼ񾭴ҡ
վһԵӶɳˣϵ۾ЩţʥôƺҶΪˣ仯Ҳ̫ˡ
ߣ
ҶûиԽʲô˿뿪˵Ѿ˾׷Զ
һε࣬оŽ׸֣кܶ˽ħУƺƵҪҶԶħ
ȪħŸħţͲ㳲ˣΪЩƽʱչزϹŶ׷
ֻҪħ磬лߵľ磬ڷ磬Ȼ꣬ﲻħɣһǻ᳾鳾
ӣԺǵˣ
ԻЩţʥһ·֮ʮ˵һ֣󲿷ֶҶʣڻش
ħĺܶ飬ҶӶʥ˽Ĳˡ
һλȪħŸħɳ֣ĿľնɱԼѪħǣҶҲ֪Ϊħ嶼Ըἰ
Ѫħ浽飬ȥħȥᱻɵꡣ
ֲһʳĻǣֱ
ǰɾҲ˵Ѫħǰȫһʱ䣬֪ѪħǶô¡
ҶУȥѪħǣҵ壬ֱ뿪ħ
ЩϢҶ˵̫ˣرǻȪħɳҶϤһٶˣŽٵɾжʮˣǳӴһ֧顣
оħڣһҲϰˣ˫һʮŽٵɣҶҲһͷ
һ֮Կ˶ˣҶûκʤ㣬ڶȻʮˣҲ
ӣ
ʥܵҶĴʮֲ»ûϵѪħǣͻħɱҾħ׷ɱѪħܲܶȹȥҲһδ֪
ҪԼ뿪
Ҷ˵鵽һѾû·ˣӲͷƤҲҪǰߡ
ҷԺ׷湫ˣսҲ뿪ɹӲؼգȻṶ͵
̬ҲҶ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷһϵе飬ȷʵվԼһߣʲôظԼˡ
Сѩǻж׷ǣ
ҶʶСѩͨո׼ȷϢжϡ
ߵȸϵһʱ֮󣬾ǣֻһʱ䣬ǱҪһʱ֮ڣǵˡ
ʱ䣬ħԽԽƽʼɢһ˿˿ħ⣬СѩҲڷ仯ĸףҲףҺԸʮºͣҲûħԡ
ߴŶˣҺòһ¡
Ҷһ£࣬һʱԽս
ʮң
СѩӦһ£ʮˣʵʱǺ
ãǾһá
·һʹͷһնɱһһ
Ҷͣס壬һɨ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʥܣҪˣ취Ⱥ˸Ҫһˡ
Ҷ㿴ԶһСϿȣȻϣֻҪҶаգһ򾡡
ҪôܷԸ
ʥȻȻûʧæѯʡ
ܼ򵥣ɣʱ١
Ҷ˵棬ǵЦԽԽŨ
ǣˣ
ʥܺܿ뿪Ҷˡ
ӣĿ𣿡
ﻹûףϾʲôҲöȻ֮ΪҶǿֶΣŶʥܳ
İɣᱳҵġ
Ҷûԣʼɽ֮вãȵһкϷˡ
ӣҪʲô
ҶһֱæµʥҲ񣬾ԼһʲôҲﲻæ
úõϢһһҪħĵ
ħħ嶨ԭأҶԴݵɱˣ󷨣绢
һָĲˣһΡ
ħŨһʱʱ䣬Ծȫָٴħġ
ȥɽȷڣǿ쵽ʱ֪ͨһ
ҶڲûʱϻʮˣһΧҶҪ󷨣ڳ䲻նɱˣпһ򾡡
ã
ûκԥֱߵɽ棬ʼڡ
ʱһһйȥ̶һյʱ䣬Ҷڲóɹһ󷨣ǧöʯһɾŲó󷨡
ʱģͽɱħɣ
Ҷ㰴Ժ֮еһЩ֮Լݳһ󷨣Ϊɱħʮְ
ݡ
ͻȻһҶ㷢źţǸϹˣҶʥҲС
ص
ҶԸϽҵһʯص˺棬ҶһʯװϢ
̶ʮʱ䣬һȺʮ˳ˣóɽϷ
ʥܣûõĶʧ˲˵Ǳߣ㿴νСնɱ
Ҷɽ棬һȺħ巢ּĽֻһѾǶҶҲѷɡ
֮ϣǵ֮ϣסˡ
ǣVʦֳұ𡣡
ʥΨΨŵŵѵ⣬ûзһ䣬֮Уʮƽһ˿
ҸȥҶסҾҪ׽õǾ˴󹦣пܱħѡУֱӽħ硣
V¶аЦݣҲǻȪħһ֣ʵڶʥ֮ϣһƵĵӣʵǳǿᡣ
ɱ
ڶħһ𸽺ͣ׷׳ɽ֮УߵĶҶվӣ˷ħ壬Щ֪롣
ôҵҵġ
Ҷװµӣ˶ħˣϾԾ֮ɫ
СӾȻ˵С紫Ҳʵ
һħ忴Ҷ㵨СӣЦ
ħҲһ׷ЦҶ㵨С֡
Ҷ㣬ԹԵ־ܰɣһῼǸһȫʬ
VһĿһеı飬Ҷ㣬ִȨգһоյĸо
ԁVµĺȳ⣬Ҷ޶ԣʥѾ˳ȥͻȻ¶һߡ
𣿡
ϧҲһȫʬ
ҶЦˣЦĺܿģͻȻʧԭأ˭Ҳ֪ôʧģܾҲ˱仯


1368 
ҶЦˣЦĺͻȻ˶û뵽ҶЦ֮֮ʧܵľҲһ仯
ã󷨣Ҷ⽫˴
ʱ䣬ʮһţ໥˭Ҳֻһͷͷ޳ǳ
ɱ
ɽ֮УǳңҶɽϷҲ˳ɽһȺ໥ɱ۽ǲƳһҶ㣬֮У̫ļɵ
һ֣ղҴǵ󷨼ס𣿡Ҷ㳯Ըʥʵ
ף̵ͷѾϤ󷨵á
ܺãȥɱɣŽ׸֣ܿƸãƲˣֱնɱ
˵꣬˻Ϊһǣ֮Уսţ޼ɵɱ
ʥܣ㾹Ȼ͵Ϯң
һŽħ⧲֮£ʥһն壬һĲҽС
ɱ¾ʱ޿̽УҶֻһʱ䣬󷨣Ҫȫû
󣡡
ħҲһЩ󷨸֣ǳϵ಻֮ͬ⣬Ķʮ֮У󷨸С
ΪҶǵһβãܶ಻Ƶĵطܿͱҵȱڣһͨ

Ȼ֮䣬һƳˣһöӰз˳Ⱥ֮ըֲ֫壬Ĵɡ
ѪѪ꣬ɽϷϵƮѾʮħ֮С
֣ʼ
󷨿ҪƿҶһȣħģնɱһЩˡ
ϣ
յħĳˣһĵĹЩħȫԭأ·ħһ㡣
ɱ
飬Ҷֱʩչʱޣǻδѵʱ򣬶նɱ
ɱһ
֮ì
дӡ
ʽ

֮
и
Ҷ㽫ֵȫʩչһǳɣ֯޾Ļ𻨣ɽȶռƺסˡ
ֵ⣬ӿȻɱͬһɱ񣬽ɽȣ泱ϫ˱ɱ
Ҷħϣð棬ڵͬˣܹȥ
ֵ⣬춯أһͬʩչǿĿɲǧ֮֮࣬ͬУ޵֡
һʥһĹ˵ĺˣˣߵһȥǾŽ׸֣Ҳǲ
ǷħܲסҶʴһըΪ

ڶĹƵˣղֵ⣬նʮˣʣ²ʮˣڿ֧ţڰ˽׸֣˴
һдд˭Ҳ벻ɽȾȻһ壬Ҷǽһ򾡡
һȥֻҪû󷨣ǾնɱҶ㡣
VʵǿһȣȥѾķѣ𲻵ʲôˡ
Ǳٰ׷ˣ춼Ҫ
Ҷȣ羪ף𵴰˷һµơ
䣡
дӡٴ£һŽٵɱնɱ϶ʥܶԸˣԶԸˣʣ¼˶Ҷ˵û˿ѹ
ʥܣڸʲôΪҪˣԸǻȪħš
˲⣬⵽ʥܷĴС
϶ǼϸϽնɱ
ʥһˣֻǿ֧֣Ҫնɱ֣ǳ֮ѣҲһڿ֧š
ͫӰ
ҶͻȻʩչӰܹ磬ڸʥֵܽħӣδӦоһʧȥ֪һ紵ķѡ
ǿ
ҶҲû뵽һö̫֮۳ɳ̫࣬Ҫǰǿһֹ
Vһһ֮У֮ɫЩţҶʵȻ˿ɲ
ʣ²ˣʥڼսţҶĶֻʣˣѹǼᣬҶҪʵԼļƻˡ
ѹ
ʱޣҶ˼ֱôסV¸һˣ˱֮Уϵĳȴ޷
ٸѹ
дӡ¡һѹ֮ϣһžɽǴ
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飬лڣһǳɣҶɹǵĻ꺣֮С
ʣµ鲻ҶˣˣԵҲҶɹƣҲֱȻ
ʥܵĶ֣һˣҶȻˡ
϶ʥܣҶѾɹȻˣҪӽˡ
֮ãǷǳޣ˺ڣֵǳǿҪƣôס
侳ʱ򣬶ٿҲȽϼ򵥣֮ƶ֣ѾЩѶȡ
ȥʱˣ
Ҷ㳯СѩʵһֱսҶûʱ㡣
ӽһʱ䣬Ǳߣһյʱ׷
һڳ߿ҶҪץʱ뿪ˡ
ã
ҶֱӼħһգЩʬȫʧҶɲ֪Լɱʮ˵ı¡
ΪҪϵĲ壬һ룬ҪǴݾߣˣҶ͵òʧˡ
ˣ
˷׷վҶ㹧ĳƺΪˣѾľˣ̶̵ĹҶֶ֡
Ҫһ·ɱȥҶһħɨħ硣
Լֻܿʮ˵飬Ҷ㲢δԣڿ˶ʮֳʮˣʱ̶ҪСģ⵽ɡ
ǵȻŷԼڲϵҪ
һͻҶĿƣһҡ
ǿߣ
ٳɣһа˷ٵĸ·ܿʧԭء
յʱ䣬һȺʮ˵ħ岿ӳˣɽȣЩħϸϣҵһЩõ
ϣ˴ˣСӲ뿪ãǿ׷ȥ
һħ˫һọ̈ڷһλȪˮָǵ·׼ȷҵҶڵλá
׷
ϣ˴һ£ʮ˺ƺƵ׷ȥ
һ·֮ϣҲԭӵصħˣϣ˴˵ʱ򣬶ŵøϽǾħǿħʮֿɲ
ħ򣬺ܶطסħ壬һֳĺӣħڡ
һ·֮ϣҶʹ֮ԽʡԪǼˣ涼ӵħĵʮʺǸ·
һУһǰѪħԽԽˣһʱ䣬ܽѪħǡ
ʦǰзСģ
ҶһֱûϸСѩϵ˰˱ϵĸӦͻȻСѩҶ㴫ǰȻħǱ
ȷ
ǰһϱɽͣҶЩȷ
ûʮħ壬ǡ
ǰ·ֻһɸߵĶϱڣ洩϶ᱻ紵ɣҪǴӵ߹һ˴ϷҲöԸ
ħ֮ս
Ҷܿ뵽һħҲħޱȾ޴ħֺö֣֮Ҳе
ΪǶϱڣγǿҵ磬Ҷŷɹȥζʮأһǿ˺֮
ȻҶ˷֮⣬޷ᴩ硣
ӣΪβǰˣ
ҶͣͲǰҲüͷһ壬Ҷʵ
ǰ˷һǰ棬ʥܴм䣬֣ʣ¼ڵ󡣡
ҶܿԸȥǲԼҪ÷


1369 ħ
˷Ҳ飬СĶԴ
ҪƷǳգ඼ͱڣֲܷУҪǸ߿˷ȷΣա
Ҷǰ棬ʶɢȥֻҪһ߿գЩͽҶʶ飬޷̽ӵ档
ûа취ҶֻͱߣΣգҲͱΪڻ
˷׷ЧҶ㣬˳ͱߣĿܡ
尡
Ȼ֮䣬ҶһȺ壬ħͨޣкüˣϿ֮С
һȺħ壬Ҷ£һôħ壬Ҫǳܽû
ӣô£
Ҳ㲻ˣΪôħͻȻ֣ҪǿжȹϿȡ
ҶҲСѩͨˣСѩҲ²Щħ岻ǡ
¡¡
Ϸҵĺ޴ʯͷ£ÿ鶼ײ
֣
Ҷһȣȫֵ֣־ʯϮ
Ϊûڵĵطֻ֡
ЩħͲˣΪڶ࣬Щʯ׷ϡ

һҽڶϺܿ챻ɫѪȾ죬ħһţʼӴܡ
ҳ壡
ǰͷħףһͷ֮ˣħʮ֮󣬻ȪħŸħֻһкܶСħţħϼ塣
ǰ漸ӵоŽ׵ʵ֮⣬˴󲿷ֶ߽׸ף˽ֻʮˣӦһֻħӡ
Ҫᴩȴ˷žʯĳ
Ͽֻǧ׳ңѾͻһңһС룬ܳ׶ȹȥ
Щʯڷ棬Ƶһͱ࣬
м࣡
ܿ˱һħ巢֣һȣˢˢĳ߿˹
ɱǣ
ͷ׵ħһȣһľʯɣž޴ҶϮ
оʯϮħ幥Ҷ뵽Ѿأ׷Ҳò˶þܸϵҶʮֽ
ɱ
ûʱԥҶͷɱ˳ȥɱһѪ·뿪˵
绢ȺʼɱЩ߽ٵԼ˽ٵɣһ£˶ǾŽٵɣʵǳǿ
ѵ
׵ħһҶһȭӭȥһƵֱӷɳޣ˵ϡ
ϵľʯֹͣ£Ҷ˶ɢȥ֣š
ɱ
ͱڰһȺˣҲħ֮Уʼɱ
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Ҷһͷˮղͱ˾ȻУҲʮħ壬ղСѩӦĹƾЩħ塣
ʮˣʮħ壬໹ˣһսţʼɱħ塣
ɱǣ
һಲĴֿӻһ棬Ȼû·ʮ֣һˡ
һƣһž޴Ļ˳ȥħȼĲҽС
ħˣҶԾЩһϻܿɾ󲿷ֶ˻ȥ޷Ͽȡ
ֻҶ׵ħսľ춯أÿһǧҶСӦԡ
Щ˿Ҷ֮Ҳ׷¶֮ɫû뵽ħͬࡣ
дӡ
ҶҲӴǳǿΣδƿķ
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ͻȻܲסӡѹһҶӣδ֮ɱ
ԼĽסˣЩͨħ׷뿪Ͽȣ˲˵һɶ
ԻصҶߣĿͻȻֵЩࡣ
˿Ҷ֮¶ı飬ƺҶϿĳϤĶ
˭ôܵħ򣿡
ЩɳƣҶʵ
˭ôħҪǡ
Ҷʮ־裬˿ܲ򵥣ƺݷһǿϢϢҶ;ͬĸо
Ƿֻħӣֻ󴳽ѣΪħ˵
˶Ҷûʲô⣬ǳʱûмкܴĹϵ
˵ز˵뿪˵
СѩڴߴҶ㣬׷ܸܿϵҪ뿪ˡ
ãߣ
˺Ȼͷ֮ˣûԥ켸ʮһҶ뿪Ͽȡ
׵ħ壬ѾҶȻʵǿᣬڶʥ֮ϣһǿİ֡
ˣΪʲôҪһߡ
˳ƺΪˣΪҪҶһ뿪
ҲҴϿȵϢұҪ
ӣǻ棬ߣ·ǳ֮ߣղŽֵʱ򣬷Բʮ׶ǻ棬ʮֲֿ
ȣѵ񣿡
ߵ¶֮ɫǵȿҶᣬôܸմϹϵ
һ˷ٸ·׷ԶҶŷٶȡ
һ̨ôƺ
ҽܣϻƽϢȥֻʣ±һ棬֮ϡ
Ҷ㣡
Ҷؾһȭ˫Ǽ򵥵ʶˡ
Ҷ֣ôħģ
Ҷʵħ༫̤㣬üˣû࣬ǵʱʱʮˣ⼸ħ岻Ͻ֣Ѿֻʣ²ʮˡ
Ǳ͵ħ򡣡
ҶЦһΪ˱Լնɱޱ¥ӣȻǴ͵ħ
أôħ򣿡Ҷ㷴ʵرǶԻҶʮֺ棬ϣҶ㿴Ż棬ݱ䡣
ȻҶҲһ·ͬУ࣬Ҷ
ʵΪ˲ɼһֺĶħ˭֪֮ȴ޷ȥˡ
εɫЩˣ󲿷ֶˣܲܡ
ʲôҪħɼ
Ҷʮֺ棬ħ鲼ħ̤㣬ħ򣬻ܰȫĳȥǸħ뿪
ħᣡ
˵֣ȻǲɼħһֺħᣬħʮֲֿȻ
ǳ֮󣬶оŽٵɵʵ༫ѽɱ
ħ߻ûã
ҶҲħᣬ̫ãҪĿģǽһаҶ㻹ȵʱ򣬴һЩżпġ
Ҳ
һ֪ħ弫֮⣬û֪ħкá
һżпҶһ˹ȥǲɼħ𣿡Ҷʵ
ɼˣҲ˶ʮˣŲɼħᣬϧ޷뿪ħ򡣡
ķ˾ţ֮ڲɼħᣬȴ޷뿪Щķǳѡ
ϵԴĵĲˣûͣͲǰԸղսֻ˴ʯҵ̫Ԫ
ˣ
ҶʶɨȷЩǳŨֻ˲


1370 
ҶʳɻֻˣӵдҸղսһֱ
ûǶˡ
ûǵȷˣֻڸ˼Ǽڴ½߶
ĸ򣿡
ĴҶ̤ˣûӰӣҶʮֺ棬ںδ
ǲĴ򣬶򣬸Ĵͬ汲֮أ˸޷롣
ûκηԼȫгֻһֱϵΡ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷѹĴ򿴲Ӱӡ
ǵϴ˵Ҫص巢Դأ֪ǲѾûмˣ֪ڹô
Ҷ֣ˡðһ䣬ҴϿϢô£
ͻȻͣס壬ûмǰʮ֣صĳҶʵ
ʲôϢ
Ҷʮֺ棬Ӧ˻Ĳһ㣬ҲӦҶϵϢ໥ǣ
񣡡
˻֮ףڵĺᣬк˽⣬ҵһۿ㣬͸оϢһӦףȵ
֮Уûһ˿ʣֱֱĿҶ㣬ϣϿһЩ
ǻףڵĺ᣿
Ҷ㻹û뵽ǰӣȻףڵĺˡ
ûףڵʮٰΪףڵĺˣʮԺ
ǵģǻ壬ֻл˻֮ռ壬пܳΪµĻػ棬˵Ը
һԺڻһ壬츳ߣҲѪߵһλӽףڡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʮػ棬ҶѾӴλյԸϣԼܴµʮƹء
ȻҶĿǰʵ£һֱŬʮҲĳһ죬Ҷ
˵˵𣿡
ҶʱûԼĴˣҪ˽Ϣ
ܼ򵥣Ϲʱڣȥܶ壬ʣµˣŬĻָҫϣطϹʱڣƹء
ϧˣǲôŬ޷ʮڵ壬ֻʣ壬壬֪ںδҲõʧˡ
ƺ²׵ĸо
ϹʱڷȥһЩҶʱ໥ͣŵ·ѣҲڵħڡ
ʮػ棬ҲǱ棬κ˿Σİȫ֮ǿĴڡ
֮ΪƽԼ
رѣ棬ʮȫ䣬ǿ֮棬Ҳʧ֮С
ϹʱھˣΪλҪִţȥ׷翵Ķ
Ҷʮֺ棬Ѿ˴УѪҲ޷طϹʱڵĻԻ͡
ʹһǾͱػʹûκѡҲҫϡ
˵ҫһȻ𾴡
һȻ֮ɫҶûм˵˽ڵ״￪ʼ㡣
û֮УӦĺᣬ֪ûѪģУΪĴˡ
ҶаԻͼԼڼǸõλ񴫳ĶԴڸǣϣؽʮ
ֻҶĴ㣬ȻӦ˸λҶҪֳŵʮ񣬾ԼŬ
ԼļƻҶûи߻ȿһʲʺΪףڵĴˡ
һѡ񣬾޷ģԻ츳֮ѡʸ̳ףڵĴС
ʱףԼһŻ棬ҲǷҶһֱ棬ϣȵԵˡ
Ҷ㣬Ҫȥ
⼸ʱ䣬һֱĴε֮ԷȺħЩӱ׷ɱڴ˵塣
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Ϊ˸лǾ֮֮·
ħҲֺûκһ嶼һֻǵѪħѪñСѩĸѡһ
ʵǻûչһྫѪֻеͼħ壬Ż
ħ忴ǲ߹ѪͳѪħӵǿܱ⡣
һЩħ壬Ϊ˼ӿٶȣྫѪʳѪ⣬ħܶЧ£нյĸ֡
ȥѪħǣ
Ҷֱ˵˵ѪħԽԽֻдʱˡ
ҪѪħǵ壬뿪ħ򣿡
¶֮ɫѪħӵҲ֪⼸˺üΣ޷Ѫħǣһ룬ͱʳһա
ûǱѡ񣬲Ȼһӱڴˡ
ҶҲε˵ֻһ·ΣҪȥһԡ
ҪȥѪħǣЩħ׷ǰǿɲǵļ԰ûбҪ뿪
ˣѪħʮΣգǻǻȥɣϣ뵽İ취
˹Ȱ˵ҪǰѪħǣ̫Σˣϴȥˣһˡ
Ҳüͷ壬ѪħǵΣ
Ҷ֣ʵѪħޱգһֵܾͱʳҪȥ
Ż֮ɫҶʵ
ȥô֪ܱһǿʲô˼
Ҷһֱû˵Լ˵ԭ򣬾ǿΣ̰֮Ҷ㵱ȻףڵĴˡ
ȫһһˮˡ
˵ûȥǸʬкϵԴҲĵĲˣٲ뿪綼ᱻħɱ
֮ԲðգΪǰϻԴ֧ţڲһˣԴľٲ뿪Ҳ֧Ų˶á
Լѡɣ
Ҷûǿǣӿ˽Ų׷ԽԽˡ
»ԭط㶣ƺﶷ񶼿ŻܻʲôǶ޷˵֧֡
Ҿˣһ𣬽ѪħǣˣҲȶħǿ
һ˾ҶһһѪħǡ
ãսҲԸ
˷׷׸ܹͣˣʹʹĴսһ
Ƕ߰ɣҪ뿪ˣлǵİ
ħ˵ദһЩӣҶЩ飬ħֲ֮ˣֻϵͬѡ
ౣأ
ħûԥѪħǿǽأҲ῿
Щħ֮󣬻˿ٵ׷Ҷ㡣
ˣ
׷Ҷɻʵ
ǾˣһѪħǣ
֪ΪʲôҶ㣬һѪĸоġ
Ϊѡеġ
ҶһЦ̰֮Ҷ⡣
û⣬ֻЦЦΪԼʱˣֻҪѪħǣеֵܣҪԶħ


1371 Χ
һ·֮ϣ̸ҶԽԽ粻Լ棬ʤԼ̫ࡣ
ΪҶһˣȻô˶ҶҲĴڡ
ҶֻǼ򵥵ЦЦûи̫ĽͣΪؼʱ̡
Ҷ֣ż·ĪǺħ׷ϣ
һ·֮ϣҶ㼸ûʱϢûʮֻɣǰѪħǣҪһиĻᴳѪħǡ
ʵһ·֮ϣħ׷ɱǣѾ˳߿ˣǺ£뿪ü
ղСѩҶ㴫˵ѾˣħڸȪħƺ֪ͼ׼ѪħǣѾѪħǵڶ
ҶѾ뵽һΧȦûκ·ھҪ߶ˣΪ׷Ҳˡ
Ҷ֣һʲôˣȻһѪħǣҪͬЭʱԼߡ
ظ·һƴһѣɱһһҲȥֵܱˡ
ãȻˣҴһ׺ϻ󣬼һ߸ˣҴһɱ󣡡
ǰ࣬ҶȻҲ޷ʹãڶ˻ˣÿ齨һɱ󷨡
ɱ󣬱Ҫɣʥܵ˶Ȼˣ޷ɱ˲ͬ涼зŭ
ַŭԶħķйҲһȻΪħ壬ЩѱΨɱйʮеԹ
ã
ʮ˷ܣһ֪ĲǺܶ࣬Ҽ󷨣ǳˡ
ֺγǣħȻãȴָرҶ¾
ʱǶſڽ󷨴٣ԼҪ죬ֱӴǻ꺣֮УˣֻʵսУķӡ
ħԽԽѾûʱһһڣķ趨õĸʽֱǻ꺣֮С
˷׷飬ſҶָһ㣬ߵ˳ȥֱûü֮С
ܿ죬˿ʼĿ˼Ҷ㴫Ϣʱ䣬ָ׷˫ۣ˽󷨼Ҫ
˼ʱ䣬Ҳһ˫֮лЩɻ󣬵谭ãֻҪʵսУܿҵ֮
䣡
淢ҵĻζ˷ħ忿мңŽ׵ϢʮŽٵɣǳɲ
Щ˽ٵҲһһҲħ岻η᲻ϧһеĴۣҲὫ
׼𣿡
Ҷ㳯ʵȻҲʥܵˡ
׼ˣ
ĺȵϢܹȥ
ʱ䣬ܿˣĿˢˢľۼҶϣʥܸVµʱ򣬶һɻ֮ɫôҶһӪ
ʥܣV£ǸʲôΪűָǡ
˶ǻȪħŵţ˿űָǣȪħŵһϷȡ
ЧˣҲ˵ʲô
ʥƽֻһ׷Ҷ㣬ʱ
ǿЦȪħţȻͶࡣ
Ⱥ֮У߳һӰЦҶѭȥȻҲѡ
ӣǻȪħŵ飬ֲǾħǾħڵҲòȥ
ղȪħŵĳʮȪħŸħͣʱһҲǣõ˫ֳӪ
ǾħٲãҲᱳţͶ࣬ҿǻȪħŻǹħˡ
˿Ϸ޼ɵ˵￴ҶѾϵ⣬ʱ׸
ôĿħʲôʱ˿ˣǽҪҵҪǻȪħǿ󣬻Ǿħ
ӻȪħߣ߳һߣɫܲÿϢʮֿɲӽɾҡ
ͷû뵽Ҳˣ˵ĲȷʵҪһһᵥ㡣
ħߣ߳һӣ֮ϣͬҶһɨȻɣĽ档
ʱаӰʥ飬ȥһ֮ãʵѾﵽ˾Žٵ۷壬ǳ
˫ۣҶ޶ãֻǾĿţսһ
ѾǧˣҲֱ治˭˭ͣ˭ܵСӣԺħ˭ϴΣ
ȪħŸղ˵ĳһ飬Ȼ˫ΪҶҶΪ룬˭ǿԺȻħһڡ
鲻
˵ͷʮͬҲȽϹƽ˫ĿĶһͿ˭ı¸ˡ
Ҷ㣬ȫˣѾһ룬˫ĳ룬Ϊ˶Ըʮˣѹķʽ
Ҷ㣬ڸһᣬͶһῼһֻҪԹԵĸһػȪħţһʾħ㰲ȫĻص򡣡
Ȫħŵĳ˵ˣȻüƣҶԼͶ
Ҷ㣬˵˵ϸһؾħڣҷģһ㰲ȫ
ħҲ˵ˣȻϣȪħΪһеĳŵӮⳡ֮ıȶ
˼˲ϲ֣֮ʧˡ
Ҷ̯̯֣εȫҶﵽʲô
㲻ҪҾͰƤ
Ȫħŵĳ϶ʱ£ɢŨɱ
ħҲǣҶȻʶôȻˣֻˡ
ҵҪôҵƤ
ҶЦˣ¶аЦЦĺа
ҶЦݣ˸оëȻֵĲҶΪ򶨣ʲô̡
ûֻ֪һ뷨Ҷˡ
ʮֽţҲ˷ܣڿԺĴսһˣսҲȱȥǿһǧ
ұ
Ȼ֮䣬ܴҵĺ˷ҵĳǺˮһȺ֮ը
ڱըһ̣С׻صҶĴ˵ĹҶȺ֮Уʮö

һҽг֣ŽҲ⣬Ҷ̻ĿǾŽޱȡ
Щ˽ٵɣǲö˵أһʱ䣬Ͼһʬ塣
˾󣬱˵ħˣ춼ûзӦҶȻֶΡ
֪ľ͸ɵ˶Էüʮˣвܵص˺ʧȥս
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ԼʧأŵĳϷ׷׷ŭĺУ޲ھͽҶ˺ѡ
첻α˵ЩûõĻ
ҶЦһɱ¾֮ˣɢĹâҲһԼħģˣγһ󷨡
ɱ¾ɣ
еɱ¾֮һ裬˶˳ȥʼɱ¾
ʥܵˣϤħĹ飬̶̼ʱ䣬նɱüˡ


1372 
ҪԭħڶԶʥܸV»ɵ˿ǸӲ
Է˼ɣնɱˣŹ޼ɵҲԽսԽ£̶ʱ䣬նɱüˡ
Ѿţԥˣֱնɱ
ȪħŵĳϷУôҲҪԥɱǼ
׵Ҳһо޴ַ裬һȥһ˱ҷɣһ̯࣬ʮֲ̡
VһסļʵܲߣҶҲȥȻȻѡ˶Ȼʵ֮
ƾˣͲסʮңռһƣħʮŭȴ޿κΡ
Լ˰ˣһϵɱͬڵӣЩϷ۴С
Ϊ뵽ɱ֮УҪѶܣɱһ޴ḥ֮̂϶һ⡣
һ𣬲۷ɾŵĳϣЩӣ޷ֵ
ҶŽ׸ֵΧɱǴеĿģҶ㣬ûȥġ
˺ֱײ֮һƬ꣬˰
ǵ󷨣
һȣ󷨲ϵıˣ˫ɢɺĹâҲټˣһ򵥵󷨣׼ǿ
ҶˣȻʵǿᣬ֣׽⡣
ʮΣյľأһƣҶͺΣˣЩͼӶնɱʣµĶųϼ
Ӻܿʥսһ൱˿ȴվڲͬ໥֣ذ
ԽԽľҶһʮˣȻ˵ħǿߣѾһٶˡ
Ҷ㣬ԹԵ־ܰɣɱˣҲ뿪
űʬ壬ʹļףЩħ겻ţ˿̶Ҷ¾ֻʣȼˡ
˵Ĳ˭Ҳ뿪
һö޴ӡˣҶ֮⣬ǿ֧š
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ҶѾʶˣʱûʱȥ˼⣬ΪҲ뵽˱ء
䣡
ҶȻһӱһȭɣˣɫһƬҰףܿ
¶ʹ֮ɫҶͻȻһ˿Ȼƺ뵽һԲߣƴһѡ
˵ͻȻϣɢһɿɲϢڵħڲɢ
ãҪԱ
ѾˣɣҶȻٿҪԱ
ϧȵ˷ӦʱѾˣֱӳ֮УɱͻȻγһΧȦȱڱˡ
䣡
ŽٵԱ֮ϣɲһ㣬ɱ֮УسЩСľŽ׸֣׷ױˡ
ʱɱͻȻٴνɱһ֮Ƕ֫бۡ
۴Уղźò״һȱڣҪ׼ΪȪħһԱеļƻ
ɱ֮ԽԽ٣ղסʮˣգ֮䣬ֻʣ¶ʮңҪ
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ħҲ׷׿ʼЫħ澭أȥľǡ
Ȫħڵˣ׷׷ͺдʣħ䣬Կ˵ꡣ
ħһǺ˾һҡΣҲơ
ã
ľҶãҪһƣһľԼȥ
֣ʩչħģ
ҶѡħԻ˿̫󣬵Ƕֲκãֻǻѡ
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Ҳ飬˿ΣݲԼˣֱħġ
ٻ˲䱻ħĵûʶܿѣһ̣׷վλϣһ١
ħģ
ħʧɫħȻԵħ塣
˵ˣҶҲ׷ܵȾϺܶ࣬øҶҵ˻ᡣ
и
Ȼ䣬Ҷʩչ˴и˾ħһϵϣ֮һʱ䣬и¡
꣡
ħδʧҶɹնɱһˣΧ˼лѹ˺ܶࡣ
̶һյʱ䣬ղˣֻʣʮңҶߣˣսı̼ˡ
ף
ղ㱻ٻȥʮŭħڶЫģҴ⣬ֱʩչ˻һǿ
ͻȻ˹Ϊû֧֣ʩչһļ˷׷׳ֹ
ϧѾˣһʩչͲջأҶʩչķǳ֮󣬼ûԴܾ˵Ĵ򷨡
񣬲Ҫûвˣ
ߵһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ嵽ǰ棬Ҫֹ
ǲҪңҲҪɱħ塣
ϲһƣܣһֺҲǻףģֻѪ˲
ǻ֮ǻ֮£֮ϣɢĻ棬֮ϣѾı壬һ޴ĻԾ˿С
ϢĻ棬˷׷¶֮ɫҴ⣬ص壬ǵû˷ʤ

ͻȻ֮䣬һʮҵӷһҽУһŻڲȼܿ첨ȫ
ףʩ߾ȻԽ֮͵ڲ޷ѡ
һʱ䣬ӻΪһѻҽͷˣֻһ׻ҡ
΢һ׻Ҳ׿ˣص֮¡

ˣһ𷢳ҽУղŵ龰һһŻ棬ڲȼ𣬺ܿ첨ȫҽδ͵ز
Ŀĵľʣ¶֮ɫ
ϱù֮Щħ׷ȥǰⱻʩɨС
һŻ֮ϲϵɨ䣬˸ղŵ֮󣬴Ҷ˺ܶ࣬׷˵Զʱ̷һ룬ܸӦ
ģ
䵽˵ϣһζڿٵʧǿʩչף̫ˡ
첻ˣһϣһƵ
¶ƣ֮ɫסļʮħٴϯ濪ʼζǵѺۡ
֮ϣҲ˳߷¼лɱ󳹵߽⡣
ƾһ󷨣նʮˣȥѾˡ
ȻʮֻʮŽ׸֣Ҳ
ħٴγǿվֱӣе׼ӭս
񣡡
ӣҶͻȻһȣû񣬲Ҫų⡣


1373 ʥ
᧿Σʧȥ֧֣ʮƣħգһս֮УӸ
ʱҶһȣû
ѡҶ㣬ֱӳ񣬲֪ҶҪʲôһѾνˡ
棡
ҶɳһͷӰǷеһ֣Ҷֽһֱַע뵽˻֮ϡ
ء
ɻʱ򣬴ӻڲͻȻǷС
ϢҸܵ־
˷ܵĺУӰԼ˲ںϵһ𣬶ʧȥ˵ȫָ
벻翪ʼɶֱɾҡ
һз̫죬Ĳ˼飬˶ûзӦʵһࡣ
Ҷ֣֪˭ˣͻȻЦ־У˽һС
ǳɣ
û˵˵棬֪أ¹ϵش󣬱Ҫ֤Ҷİȫһй¶̫˼
ɱǿһֹٴѹȥڻĴ֮£ɱԽԽСʣʮ˽м䡣
ף
ʩչһֺǰʵû־޷ʩչ˿̿Ծʩչ

һҽг֣ˣԼڵϴ֪ʲô飬ɱΡ
ǱһƵãһļ˷׷¶˷֮ɫȻ֪Ϊʲôǿ󣬶Ÿˡ
ɫԽԽѿħǧ겻ţڸʱ䣬һܲħɾ磬ħ硣
ͬһԼǰɫĿ£ԽԽ٣ɱԽԽ
ҶһˣѹǺܴҪնɱ֣ƺܣֻζеϣɱ֮ϡ
ģ
Զһҵĳʥܱһȭɣ߻Щࡣ
ʥܣڡ
ɺ촽ϴҪնɱҶ㣬ն޼ա
ʥޱ飬ֻ֪սȥǵѪٴθսһ
ҶһȻˣղһˣʥˣֻЁV¸׵ռ֮⣬˶ˡ
ǵʱˣ
Ҷһ˵ļħ׷ѡԱֱըˡ
ֲпķʽħʮŭҶԼˣնɱ˴ˣ޲ܽҶƤ
Ҷ㣬úݵġ
˵ħĳݶǽǼʶˣҶĸȫû֮ģһԱħˣ׷¶֮ɫ
˲ңҲˣɱңұɱˣ
Ҷ˵ʮ֣ħͱˣҶô˲̵ķʽ
һжħȡȻҪնɱԼҪбնɱľ
ʦ˳߸ˣǱҪս
Сѩһֱע磬ͻȻҶ㴫ħڳٳûյҶ㱻ץϢɳ߸
֪ˣ
Ҷ΢΢仯һ£ЩѾǳѲˣħڴٽľͲѷˡ
Ƕܽս
Ҷ㳯ʵǲǹϵսؼˡ
һʱ㹻ˣ
ҶͶأ˱仯ĤݵĿǣһɾη
һյʱ䣬սȻ˭Ҳ޷뿪
ҶѾȲˣħ󲿶Ӽﵽǧˡ
ã
ûԥѡӣսҲҪһյʱ䣬ս
ֵܣóǵıɣܻܲ뿪Ϳ˾ˡ
ͻȻԼֵܺóұ¡
񣬷ԸɣҪʲô
ֻҪһ£ʱԸ
׼ʩչʥ
´Ҫһʩչһǿʥ
ǵʩչʥǿʩչʧȥս
ߵӴһû뵽Ҫʩչʥûввʩչ֮ȫѣָ
˿̴еǰ֮󣬾һߺͯնɱǡ
ϻˣʱһʩչʥ
øǷϻ֮ϣųŨҵĻ⣬ǿգԲӡ
Ѿʩչˣ˷׷ײԥһĳһֱγһȦм䡣
ʣˣǾ֣ɱҲ޷ǻɱʱԽãħһ˭Ҳ뿪
ûɱסȫԸս൱˿ֻܱУ޷
һʩչʥҶ¶ЦݣĿľҪжǱ
ҶЦݣƺԻʮ⣬һӣԴ죬ܼ̳ףڵĴС
Ҷѡʮ񣬻Ҷ˼·ԺͰ׼ȥѡ
츳־ϣҪ֮ѡ
¶һ˿֮ɫһǱڵĲ
̫أصһ˿ͷսš
ȫȥ
ûγɺΧ֮ƣһȣʣµļǿг뿪
ϧѾˣͻȻΪһ壬γһĻ˳УһʥĻ֮ϣͶ
֮
֮־һܵҶ㣬ҲΪҶµ۽硣
Ҫ
ʥһ߷һҽУղŻ涥죬˿̵ʥȻȼܿ컯Ϊһѻҽ
Ҫǿֹľ˵֪
Ǵֵ֮ܵأڱҿصɴνǽص
аӰ
ٴʩչаӰҪƿһͨ뿪ʥ
ͣ
崥ʥ֮󣬷ȫʼȼճŨҵĻ棬֮£ֻصĻм䣬Ŀһʥ¡
Ҳ
ڽҲ࣬һʮҵľħŵӣͻȻȼղһܿ컯Ϊҽ
ʱ޿̲ٽУ̶̼ȥѾʥ⻹δĻ֮УϵͶ
һͶ䣬һղŻˣת֮䣬ֻʣˣϳһ˿֮ɫ
˭ҲԸر־ţǲʮ꣬ǳᣬҪ

ĲҽһһѾֻʣˣ棬һǻȪħŵˣһۣȻ¶˿Ц֮ɫ
ղǻĵҪնɱҶ㣬עȴû뵽ʱʱ䣬˾ת
ʥԽԽڿٵʧֿһ˿ϣ׷׶ܣϣܿʥϮ
ϴ񣡡
ǱߵҶʱ̶ڹעʮǱϾҪѣҶָһ㣬һ޴ֳˡ
գڷֽСֱ֣û뵽֮С
˲䣬Ѹȫʧ˸оеȫָøǿ


1374 Ѫħ
СħϴҶĴˣ֮УдȻҲϴ
׹⣬ԭҪȥʥͻȻޱȣڸղ֮ϡ
ʥǿһֹ¶һ˿Ρ
ħţҪڴ
ģĳҪƿʥĻ
ϧһжͽͣ˵ļлˣ˺ľȫеܾ˵Ĵ򷨡
Ҷ㣬ɱ˽ˣҲΪĹ
ͣ
ʥһ͸׵磬Ļ֮£ľԽԽСѾûпŲĿռˡ
䣡
ȪħŵĳϱУ˲仯Ϊҽ缤һ̫ɲˣǻףڵʥ
ϧһܶʩչ֮Ҫ٣һʩչͻͬھûԸʩչ
򲻵ѣ˭ҲᶯãǱű֮ģ˭֪·תҶ㣬Ĵˡ
Ļֻ֮ʣ½һˣҶ㽻ֵĸħ߷׷ױɫХٻͬ顣
ԶһѹѹȺħ֮ˣǰҶ㡣
ʥܣұ
Ҷ˾ݣѽ֮ȫɱʥѾˣӲơ
ҶһȣʥͻȻըһڵħըֱӱըɳȥ
ҶƵˣĿǰֻʣ׵ӣž޴һ£ֳնɱ
Ҷʶһӳ˹ȥղˣֻʣˡ
ԶĻͻȻΪһ壬屻ˣʧĻҲ֮ʧ
һƨ˵ϣڵĴŴֽٺĸо
Ļˡ
ЩţԹֻҪʩչʥû˴ͬھ죬ǿһ
ǸϽָҶնɱˡ
˵ͷѾ֪ҶݣԲֻ֣Ҫڣѡ
ˣʥԱص˺ֱӱû·֮УŨɱ
֣ȥһնɱӣ
˿ֻʢϾħ򣬶˵õĵط
ϣ
ֻڸղŻʩչʥ֮УܵŨҵΣҶһȣѹ
̸һ֣ӣӱҪ
ԭˣʵԼְѾ᧿Σ㱬ħţҲ޷ˡ
ΪҲħ壬еħ似˵̫Ϥȫ𲻵κεá
ɣ
ٴħģһ·ħһ㣬ҪѾˣӵľ޴Ѿˡ
䣡
ӵ屻ɳȥֱ֮ըΪһѪ⣬
Ҳ۵ʩչħģѾǼޣ۵ָͷö
һиýˣ
ȫնɱֻ֣ʣԼˣҶù˱úܲ
˵ղĵѾ˾֮һ紵ݶսѡ
ڵȣħԮϣǸϽնɱҶ㣬Ϊ̫ˡ
ԲٿԼߵˣɱ󣬻ħģص壬ЩϢħȫ֪飬ΪҶһ̤ħ
ÿһܿħ壬Ҷɱķ˼ˣҲҶһһնɱ
ûħĵİûɱûл˵ʥһжͽͣҶ޷뿪

Ӽ뵽ս֮УҶٴѡԱǿĳֱӽƷɳȥ
һ˲䣬Ҷץ˻ᡣ

дӡ
ɱһ
֮⣡
֮
һʩչֵ⣬˵֮ϣѣܿռһѿѲƲµҽʼ
꣡
дӡڿըһķѡ
޴£һ˱ѹֻʣˣɱһ֮֮⡣
¶֮ɫ޷ܣر֮⣬˷Բǧ򣬵׵磬顣
׵ħĿǣǸҴֻܶܡ
ͣ
֮ˣһ˶ܲԴ˳ȥ˲ӣɫѪĵǡ
ʣһˣŵûɢһܲɱһ̴壬֮ϡ
ҶҲһѣʩչ֣˻ˣ֣ԪķǳĴ
ǿߣ
ûжϢʱ䣬ҶһкŻ˻ַٵ뿪˵أѪħǸȥ
ֻҪһѪħǣħͲ̤룬ҶʱҲǰȫˡ
һ·ϰ˿ĿİÿһʮּѣѪħѾǵǰһѪɫ
ܷܲУ
Ҷ㳯ʵ˹ؼʱֻ̣ҪѪħǣܰħ塣
濪ʼζǧħǻȳһǲһյʱ䡣
ܣ
ͬĻشһ·УѾָһЩԪ
ղսĵطǧħ壬ű⣬вдϢһɫ
ɱǣ
Ȫħһ̫淢һХ˳Ҷ׷ȥ
ʥܣV£ǻȪħžţʮϣȫʧȪħǧ궼ûгֹ
ħڵҲϵܵӸϢ׷׷ХڰˣҲǷŭ
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
ħڵ̫淢Хǧ֮⡣
ҶͻȻһǺ̫ǿǰɾʵħ忴ŭˣ˰ɵ
ߣ
ûκԥҶֱӷɵ֮ϣѪħǸȥ
ħƺƵ׷ᣬܿ׷ǰѪħǵŵ㣬Ҷ˾ѪħԽԽ׷ͣԭء
ô죬׷׷
ǧˣվԭأƿ֪Ҷ㲻һ϶ᱻħ峹
׷ˣѪħǣҲ·һ
ħڵļڰշ˼׷ϣѪħǣû˿Ի뿪
ԭϢԼ
ȪħҲһȫԭϢѪħǳ޾Σգò˶ãҶǾͻԼ
ħԭشֻҪҶһֱӽ֮նɱ
˸ˣϻλεһž޴ϺɫǵǰɢɲϢǹϢ񲻰겻ѡ
һΣѪħһǿļɵ֮ģеٶŻС
ҶγǣѪħǼȻħأħ嶼룬οࡣ
СӣľˣҪѪħǡ
ϰڸҶ㴫Ѫħϰ׶ЩӡϹʱڣħսоͲѪħǾ֮һҲܵصһ
飬һҹ֮ȫЩħ׷䣬飬˵꣬һҿֲ֮ء
ǻб·𣿡ҶЦһһͷѪħǡ


1375 ת
Ҷ¶Ц˻ȥҲ·һ紳һѪħǣһ
˶ĬĸҶѪɫԽԽݲʯͷȾѪɫ
һɹаϢɢݷһ޴аħκζ
ϵǺɫǱѪҺȾˮǺɫ๾ðѪݡ
Ҷ˫˵ϣʶɢȥĿռʮأƺŤˣʶ޷͸ȥ
Ҿһ𣡡
ҶٻһγһȦһ𣬾Σգ໥Ӧ
ԭҶս˱뻹ˣԻڿ֮Уһڳ֪һΣҶҪء
ˣѪħɽϣֻҪִܵл뿪ط
⼸һֱռѪħǵϣѾλãָָԶɽ壬Ҷ㴫ƺıˡ
֪ҵˣҶתͷҲǴ˲֪˵ʲô
ǵˣ־ˣĴˣҲδ֮棬ˡҲڸݣԭ¡
ηףڵ־У֪Ҷݡ
ã֪ˣ뿪˵
Ҷ˵ͷ֮Բڲ𴩣ʵҲǱҶ㣬Ϲϵʮ񣬰ƹء
˭Ҫǵõ񴫳Упܴƹأͷµʮ
СǰȥͻȻ磬ëȻ
Ҷ֣ʮֿɲҪ˵꣬ҪСˡ
˵棬ǳƺҶΪҶ֣˵Ļɡ
ҶҲ˼аҶ㲻ֹһΣѾ˺üΣȣطЩа콫ܲʳ˵ꡣ
ȣҶ㻹ǽǿȹ֪һܲٴηǰȫĶȹѪħǡ
ӣõİ취֮ܲȻֹ꣬ŤתǬ
ҲиҶ㴫Ϲܶ๦Ҷ㶼ûп̫ء
ģ
Ҷ㻹ĲһЩСҲֻģģûвС
ȻȪ֮ĵ֮ףǿѨ磬ֻ꣬ҪлȪڣͿ
˸߲ң˵Լ棬¶˷֮ɫ

̸ĹҶһӲҽʮʹ࣬ڵع˫Դʹ
Լͬ⵽ɣ¶֮ɫһֵҪǶȥˡ
ʣɢڿռ֮Уû̬ҲʶɨȴʵڣǴڿ֮У˳ëףܽ˵Ļ꺣ʳꡣ
󣬲˼ǿԹͨһ˵ǹһûȴʵĴڡ
ӣϽԣܲŤתǬıˡ
ϳ鴤ϢһʧԶˣģʶҲڻɢ
Ȫ֮ţֻأ˽棡
һ˿˿Ҷɢ͸˵Ƶӣ˶ס˺رֻ֣֪ǿ
ǧ֮ףеͼ֮ϣҲǻȪĴ֮׵ԭ
ȻǧŰپʮǧûСǷȱ޷ıԼˡ
ʣ֮ͬԾ춯أԺ񷣬Էȴܸıһ˵ˡ
棬ŤΪ
ҶͻȻأǹص֮ûӵ֮С
˵Ķˣ֪ҶڸʲôֻлҶ㣬֣˫۶ڷŹ⡣
ɹˣǽлᰲȫĶȹѪħǣص
ܣ˶ҪΪһ
ӼžڵϣѾоˣȫˮһʱ䣬ͬ㣬Ҫ뿪һˡ
ֵҲİȥδʲôãҶ㻹ûĲ֮Ťתˡ
һİ壬ƿƿ˵
ǧ꣬һѰҵˣŤתΪֶΣǶĻȪۣҲδĲеİء
̾Ϣһ׼ǰߣͻȻϴһϢڴڵĴŴ
꣬꣡
ղڵϵͻȻһƨһãȻ֮ɫ˿ܣЩţԼԼһ⡣
û
һµվǲţջʹԼţˣܸоʹ
ǡ
һĿԼЩ⣬ֻýϣܵõ𰸡
Ҷ֣ҴҸлľ֮
˶֪֮ȫҶ㣬ûҶ㣬Ѿһʬ塣
ߵҶǰľһ
˶׷߹һ֮ɫͲҶ¿ͷˣΣҶѾǾһΡ
лľ֮Ϊһݣ
˵꣬Ĺ֮죬ܶԷ󣬶Ҫд񣬲ܱԼǷݸм֮顣
Ͳˣץʱ·ɡ
Ҷ˫ס˻ңûȥղʩչ֮Ҷƺࡣ
ԶԶԣǸϽ뿪ط
ָϽͣѪħ̫ˣܾĵģ綼ûУͺͺûֲֻѪɫĵ档
ԴԶѪħɺһƬѪɫкܴĹϵɢĺ⡣
飬·ʱ̳֣Ҷʮ־
Ҷ㲻һʶȻ͸˾ħ֮УʼһҳѾȫܿ
һοĲɫһ棬ɶҶʶ͸ȥ
˻̩֣֮Ҷ·ԡ֮У֮ӿ뵽֮Уʮ
ܹһ
Ҷƺ·ȴ򿪵ţһѭȴ
ղžתҶҲ˳ţһ֮
ĿʼһнݻһŲڷֵ֮УһֻʼƿǶһľǿ¸Ҳпܻ֣ܶɹںϣģеġ
֮Ҳаģģһȡ
˻ȴ֮꣬Ȼȱʧ
Щ½ҪֹͣҲ޾˾Ҳв
෴Ȼų⣬Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ʲô״ⲻ֪˾һ޴ĳ֣лصԭʱ
תתһѭֻвᵽֻ֮֮࣬ҡ
һµĴĶҶ㳨޵֮ʼ鲼ȫҶڲһ˿֮
֮Ҳڷı仯


1376 ֻ
Ҷ֮ڷı仯ʼ
һ˿˿ͷҶƺֲһִ֮
ֻ
ˣ֮ʱҲֻ֮ʱν֮Ҳֻ֮
һɹֻصҶϵϰ׵ĿУҶ֪ǧֻ֮һ
û뵽̤ѪħǣҶɲɲ˴ֻø
𾪵ĵȻĽףֻɽ磬Ҳȼ˲򣬸޷ﵽֻ۷塣
Ҷ֮Ӷֻһ˽⣬ֱӴ˼·˴ֻȷдɵĳɷ֡
ڿҲֻǲһ˿ƤëҪֻ֮ľ磬Ҫʱۡ
Щ⣬ҶǳǿԳˣ綼衣
ָֻ֮࣬ľҪʹ࣬ҪĲңֻ硣
Щһʧֻ磬޷԰Σת
Ҫֻ֮ϣǣ»ص;ֻأھ
ղҶֻ֮ţûҴ֮˻Ҳת

Ҷڸ֮УͻȻһҽѣʶҲ˳һ꣬ͻȻز𣬸ղŻҵıһģһ
˽ĿⶼۼҶϣϣŤתֻ֮ţӴŵ߻
ϢԽԽ̶һʱ䣬ֹͣ˳鴤ܲһ˿Ϣ
ֻ
Ҷֱһڣǰһڵ֪ͨͨδֻǸоɭɭġ
ֻͨ˵ֻͨ쵽ʵҲ쵽á
һһֻͨţҲţֻҪҵţп
һȦ֣ٻ֮һ޵Ӱӳˣ˳ֻͨ˻ֱӸڵӵϡ
ֵˣӳ鴤˼£ָֻ˺ڼٵĻָ
ӣ㾹Ȼ˴ֻ
ϱ죬ЩţʶҶҲһʱˣҶĵϸ˽⻹ǱȽ϶ࡣ
ֻȴǵһοҲ˵Ҷ֮Ӷ˴ֻ
ҲǲŲ򲻾ãʩչǺȻ
ֻ֮ʩչӣֻ֮·Ϊֻ֮·ÿ˵ǰǰ
ţţ
˵е㲻ţ⼸ʱ䣬Ҷ̫ľˡ
˴ֻǿ԰ȫĶȹѪħˡ
һҲֻҪ˴ֻ㱻ʳ˻ǣֻҪһʱҶ㶼ֻܴ֮·Ǵ
һʱǳ׽ֻҶڵ޷ٻء
ϬлҶ־֮
ֱ֮ӳҶʩ񣬸ղۿҶȻңȻ֪Լܻ϶ҲҶʩȡ
ҶˣҵĵҲǸղôߡ
Ҷʶһ͸Ҫһʲô̬
ȻҶۣ̬֮һ̣ǰɫģںϵһ塣
ûκ̬һʱצʱʮʱһſ
͸ʱ򣬾Ƕ֮ʱǻʳ꣬׳ԼĻǡ
ûʶǱܣϲʳ˵꣬ÿ˽ѪħǣЩͻǻȳһ
ΪɫǰɾҲ޿κΣձ꣬һǣһӶ޷ֻתʮֲ̡
ۣ֮ҶҲںδ
Сģ
ҶͻȻһȣûСģһֻϢ˻档
תӣ֪ʲô飬Ǻܿ죬岻ϳ鴤鿪ʼʳꡣ
ʱ䣬ֹͣҵ˽Ŀ⿴Ҷ㣬ϣҶϽ֣Ȼ
Ѫħ̫ˣ˲һյʱ䣬˶ʳԶɽ壬Ҳһ·̡
ѹû˿ԴѪħ뿪һֻӣҲ޷Ѫħǣôпᡣ
ֻ֣Ҷ㵱ȻϣףڵԸҪȥˣʮҶѾѡһ
ֻ֣ղŻϬһһָת
˼ʩչҶԴֻԽԽԼĵá
Ҷ㻤֮󣬴ҵٶٴμӿ죬Ҷۣ֮ܿ飬һ鿿Ѵңܿ飬ߡ
һʱʱ䣬Ҳûз֣ôʮ־档
֪һжҶĹͣӦ֮۵ʱٴ𾪡
ۣ֮֮ģѾиҶ㡣
ϲۣ֮ԿһУκζ޷ۣ֮ܿصϵһֻ۾
֮۵ĸֻٻһߵʮ˳ɽԽԽаʱ䣬Ϳҵ塣
̫ϣǲܻˣͱʳһա
ħǧħʱ䣬Ҷû۷Ҷ²⣬Ѿɱ
ȣ
Ȫħŵ̫ŭδʥܿӣȻԱķʽɱ̫ʱ̱֮ɫ
ħǱҲԭصȴһǻ뿪Ҳ١
ӣϢһ°ɣ۰
ʩչħģĺܴ󣬻ҲǣʩչʥȻֲûȫָ
ѪħǿռŤʮּѣѾȥʱˣҶоƣ
ҪǲҲ׼ͣ£
ҶȳһΪ鳯߿ŵζҶʩչֻ޵ģͬʱȺüˡ
ÿһʩչҶԪҲһּģȥûиϵ壬Ҷˡ
ҴǵѪȥˣΪϣΪҫҲͣ¡
˴һ䣬ԼҲͦˣ˫ȿʼΣҲŬԼվֱ
Ҷı飬ӣҷһһ·һͷǰȥҲͣϢˡ
󣡡
ҶͻȻͷ˵ɷ˵ֱӳ߱ܿ˹ˡ
첽ֱУ
֮ܿǰû֣ҶôҼ٣û·ʱ򣬱ӿٶȣһҪ뿪ˡ
ɫİҿʼҵĴϢҶҲ⣬ΪռŤģ޷С
ϹʱڣħսѪħǵķ˺ѳ飬֯һ
ϣԽԽ֮࣬۹ۿҲŵˣ档
ûҶ㣬Ѿһʬ壬֮ĸм֮ɫҶѾˡ
ҼӰѾһʱܸϵˡ
ɽڳٳߣңǼӿٶȣһʱִܵ塣
һʱù
ҶͻȻͣסӣΪ˿ɲһĻ


1377 뿪Ѫħ
ҶͻȻͣסӣҲ׷ͣ£ҶΪβˡ
֣ҶϺ󣬻˿ٸ·ȡҵ塣
ҶͻȻУҵ塣
ã
ҶȻû˵ǴҶϸִС
Խɽ壬ԽԽ࣬Ҷ㲻ϵĸһδαܿˡ
ҶԼùˣͷһ˹һſףʮֿɲ
Щ鶼γɵԹǳаſ޿ڣҪҶȥ

Ҷףߣ׵磬Щܵ׵Ϣ׷ױܿҿǰ
κа֮׵綼õĿǣɫϾҲ֮еһ֣׵Իǡ
׵γһ㱣֣Ҷӿٶȣӵɵϴһƨһ󲽵ĸҶ
ǿſ£
ҶͻȻһȣû˿ſ£ȺǵͷϷɹȥ̫ˡ
ûκԥ˷׷ſڵϣҴһ£оԴģƺ紵
ǰ
Ҷ㷢һֵ飬ЩµϺɫʣƮ̫ͣôһξ룬ʺС
ϺɫҶڱӱţüͷ壬ⲻЩõѪ⣬˵ϡ
ģ
е˳ȥҶ֮⣬ſ£һһǰŲ
Ҳ֪˶ˣˣѻɽнյĳ
ҲЩ֪Щɫǰһãҿ̫
ԭһʱľ룬Ϊǰӳңȵɫ΢ʱɽ֮ϡ

˺һоͷҪϵˣ־Ǽ
ǰǸ룬ܺᴩѪħǡ
˷ܵ⼸ʱ䣬ħܣڿ뿪ˡ
ֵǣɽϵ٣ҲɫյĹâЩ׷ߡ
Ҷ֣Ӧþ⸽һҡ
ȲҪ뿪ˣǵĿѰħᣬѾҵˣҪץʱ뿪
ֿɽѰңյʱ䣬ܿҵ֮
֣֪Ƕ𣿡
Ҷˣǰʱ򣬶ǰ趨꣬Ҷ㲢֪ܴʲôط׵Ŀ
֪
ҡҡͷε֮󣬻ûô뿪꣬˽ⲻǺܶࡣ
Ǹô죬һ趨ִħ򡣡
Ҷ°֪ͣ趨Ҫ趨ˣֻصħ뿪ˡ
Ҷ֣趨꣬Ȼص壬뿪Ҳ١
Ҷ飬Ȼǲ֪꣬趨ֻҪ뿪ħˡ
ֻˣ
ǰûиõİ취ǰҲһõĽ飬ǰҲħǿһǧ
趨꣬Ҷ㿪ʼ壬óʯԼöɾڰ֮С
ʱ䣬˸貵ĹâҲܿһ
̫㿴
Щ׷Ҷħ岿׼룬ͻȻ󾪺Ѫħǵ屻˴ˡ
ôܣ
ħ¶˼֮ɫ˾ȻܺᴩѪħǣִ壬ȫ߼ǰɾҲܺᴩ
Сϵʲôܣ
˶˼ˣΪ׷ɱҶ㣬Ѿ̫ĸ֣ôֵֵá
ŹԽԽٴιرգѪħҲָԭ·ûһ
ɽϵ˶ʧˣЩ飬Ҳػǽأû˸̤㡣
ȥɣ
Ȫħŵ̫̾ϢһԼſڶûнɱö֮뿪磬ɱҪǧ
ǧ˵ĲӣƺƵ뿪ˣһƬžû˵Ϊǲ֪˵ʲôΪܰȫĴѪħǣһħһÿ˵ͷ
Ҷ崩ʱĹ֮У·ͨûоͷȫʧص״̬
״̬һʱʱ䣬ֹͣͨڿͷˡ
ĳƬɽ֮ϣͻȻһ޴ѷ죬ѷ棬߰˸ˣһʮǱ
Ӧֱӵ䵽֮ϣһʺ
뿪ħ򡣡
ҷ˷ܵĴЦ˶һѹֲסеķƣҪͷš
ֻҶֱȽƽ˿ܣһϡУǳ֮Ũ
Ҷ֣ӭ򣡡
Ҷ㷢ƣȻʱ֪ںδǻԶ϶
һ˿ٵ뿪ҵһŵĵط˵˷ڻص岿䡣
岻ͬ壬ǶԲʽʮʮ䣬֮أҲǴ֮أϧʱǨĿǰֻʣ䡣
䶼ѾҲˣ֪ɽܲҵһЩ˿
ʮֲʢܶŷ׷׷ɽ磬ѿ
һʱ䣬ڿ˵ĵطǰһСĳǡ
˽֮ҵһջϴһرǻˣڵĳɫʳ
⼸ʱ䣬ǱﻵˣӣڿԻؼˡ
ΪʮƣϢһ죬ָ֮ڼ·
ҹʱ֣ҶϢˣҶķű졣
ɣ
Ҷüһ֪վ˭
ű򿪣һ֮ɫ˽Ϸţֱӹڵء
μˣ
Գ˫ſڵϣԴŵ棬ʮϡ
ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷһ·ϵĿ飬ǿﵽҶҪû⣬츳ҲԼΣΪ֮׺ѡˡ
лˣ
վʮֹվһԣʱˡ
ôȻ㶼֪ˣôġ
˾Ҷ΢΢һЦֻû뵽ĳνȻ˴ӰӰһ塣
ӴԺ󣬸ˣЧ񣡡
˵꣬ٴι뷨ܼ򵥣ӴԺ׷Ҷ㡣
壬һϣܼ̳Ըκһ壬׷Ҷ㡣
Ժ˵ЩҪ㡣
ҶûżӦϾûˣҶҪȥָõţҶҲῼѡˡ
˵
վһԣʱش
˵˵岿ڵ˽Ϣ
Ȼ壬Ҷһʱ䣬һ˽ĻڶҲǿûкõӣΪĽӰˡ
ЩҶǰ룬ڼȻˣȻҪɼλ֮ǰµԸ
ҵķֲѾ岿һһڽ䣬صһ顣
ҶƵƵͷĻͨкܴĲ죬ǾȻǽ׽飬Ѫ⴫㵹Ҷоϡ档


1378 
һҹʱ䣬ڽҶҲ˽ˡ
ֻû뵽֮󣬺εһҲδֻ˿ûôѡ
Ϲʱڣ巢Դأ˿ڶ֮࣬浮֮󣬺һηʱڣɳ֡
Ҷ֪ɲͣ·ѣ뿪򣬽µ壬Ҳķѣ١
ʮ׾ǳЧ֮棬磬ƹء
ʱǨѾ꣬ر仯ǰŨҲǰ˿ڼٵҪԭ֮һ
㷱ܺܶˣûдԴӦҲͨˡ
ſҶҲһκ壬ᾭ˥ˣõӡ
ǾʢʱڣҲ˱㣬һжһѭ
ˣˣ»ָջԻͣ½µƹء
ֹҶ壬һ׳Ҳϣ
Ժ˵һһҪȥ죬ҪܽС
Ҷûȥ̫࣬ǴӦ飬ҶᾡԼŬȥ
һֳŵҲһּУһ־
Ը
κεҶȥҲ岻ݴǡ

ɫ״ҲصԼ䣬һҹϢ˾ӡ
Ҷ֣ǲ仹ʱ䣬ǳɣ
ȻƺҶΪҶ֣֮Уһ˿ηУҲҶ˼˵ƺԼˡ
ɣ
Ҷ㽫˷˳򣬲ʲôΣգʺһ
ľ֮󣬸Сѩһ·ǰһߴߴ˵ͣ;֮ϣ͸
ǸСѩĸңͰҶһԡ
ҶǱŸ첲ߣС죬ࡣ
ʱĺƽһ·ϿǳӣܶණϮϹʱڡ
֪Ҷ˶ΪԼԽˣϹʱڡ
һ·϶Ҷʮֿ˵İŵķûһ˿޵ĵط
֮˴˲ɽ岿䣬֮
Ҷ֣ǻ֮أӭ䡣
Ľĳ嶯ʱˣڻˡ
ӻҶѾ֪䲻ڴˣ˵ػһξ롣
벿䣬ӡһ޴ĵǻףڣ̵
˽կ䶼ˣˣû˽
ǻ㲻ʶˡ
һִס˼ˣȥЩʪ󣬳ǰִ˵
ǿ
ִЩţȥѰħѾ֮ˣ˶Ϊǲܻˣû뵽쾹Ȼص˲䡣
Ҿǿ
˱ִˮֱӻ䡣
ҡȥ֪ͨ峤
ִЩ˵Ҳ壬ֱӱ䣬ȥ֪ͨˡ
ܿ죬ִһһʧԭأ˴ԭء
յ蹦伦ɹܶ˶Ӽ˳׷׳ڿٱܡ
Ůףв룬󲿷ֶ˾Ӷ࣬巢չĵ˻ƻʱڡ
һֳֹȣΡΡһͷ׷ѹ֮ꡣ
μ峤
ֱӹ˷׷¹򣬳峤
ͺãͺá
峤Դݺᡣ
˶ĵĨȥᣬڻһλܸߣ츳ǿǻһ壬궼ѵһš
ǿҶҲܸȾ֮ǿ󣬾ǵ
һ˲£µһ壬Ǿһˣʱ꣬Ȼβơ
峤һ£λҶ㣬Ҳҵľˡ
һһһ峤Ҷ˹֮УƺһЩĹʣ֮УһЩʲô
Ҵ䣬лˣ
峤Ҷһ䡣
峤ˣҶϽס峤Ѹߣƺж񼲲ȻҲỹҪ˲
ǶˣϽؼҰɣĸ㣬Ϲ˫ۡ
ִ˹û˸Ͻؼң⼸ʱ䣬ǵĸĸÿ춼ϴ档
Լĸףˢһʧԭأٸȥ
겻ڼң֪ĸôˣСĸһֽʱ䣬֪ĸζȹġ
ҶˣҲ峤˲䣬õķ䣬Ϣ
岻ų࣬߼ǿͣοǻǻ˵ľˣǲҵڽӴ
峤Ϣɣȥҿ
ҶȴԼȥҿ
úúãǸТ˳ĺӣ⼸ĸ׹Ҳס
峤һ׳Ӳ֮£뿪ҶסԺӣŮչҶճӡ
鷳ȥһ˻ļҡ
ϢҶ㳯Ҹȥ
ڹϵʯֵһ֮õĽҶ·𿴵Լǰ·꺣֮Уڻ
˵ҶطһֱһǱһĨ֪
ҡҡԴַӵ֮ԺҪ̫̫࣬Լڻû
һյʱ䣬˻ļңҲһȽϹϵĽʯɣʮּ̡
ǽ֮ϣɫǣɢʱʮ꣬Ҳɢ
ÿ괺죬ҼһȥɫͿԼķ֮ϣһװΣڶʮ
߽ԺӣһԺм䣬Ŵ£ϸϸܷ죬ƺ̫ãϵĴ˫ۡ
Ҷһ۾ͿˣڲᣬҲЩ̫ᣬɡ
˽վҶſòʮ꣬޽ȴǲ׷ղŴӱӰϿҶΪ
ǾȿĶˣ
˽·£Ҷ㣬ƺ֪Ҷ˭
ǻĸף
Ҷûлش𣬶ǷʵʵѾҶŮõ˴𰸣Ҷǻľˡ
Ҵлˣ㣬֪ʲôʱܻ
˵꣬˾Ҫ£Ҷͷ
ʹãʹã
ҶϽǰ˷סˣҶԼĸףԼԺʱ䣬Լĸ׺γÿϴ档
׶̶̼ʱ䣬ͷĸ׵ʱʮһ˻ĸףҶҲԼĸ
ԼĸĸԼͷǴ治ҶܵҲܲ
ˣҿĸףȥɡ
֪ҶһģϽҶȥ̫ˡ
Ϣҽȥ
Ҷ㽫˷ϣϢԼ߽棬Ŀ


1379 
нŲĿܿʧ
֮Уڵϣǰһͼ񣬸мƣҪȻͺܶ࣬Ҳǿ࣬˫۾һ֮ˡ
μˡ
ˣҶ¡
ô˵
Ҷ㽫˹ŸԼ˵ҶʮֲӦ
Цˡ
ȥᣬ飬ղĵıܿʧ
ҶߵŻǰΪҶڡ
Ҷ㳯Լ񣬻һׯ֮ɫ֮УǼᶨԼ
ҶڿγٿҶ㣬Ҷһа֮ȻҲ׷Ҷ㡣
ЩദҶ㲻Դ˶£޿ޣˣ񣬸ŭʱ򣬾ĺݵʱʴȣʱȫһк
𣿡
֮Ҷ㳯ʵ
Ҷ˵Ϲ˵ܲڡ
ʵ֮ǰҴֵܣǰħѰħᣬʱ׾жû뵽һ֮ȴ
ʪˣΪŮТ˳ûоТ̲ס
Ҳˣ϶ҲϣڵӣҪǶõĻر
ҶŰοɥ֮ʹκﶼù
˷İɣҾȥţ֤ѡѡ
ָֻɣҶ˵ûǶԸõĻر
ˣһ̲ݻҪİ
ͻȻһ飬ҲͬѰ
˵
Ҷʮֺ棬ʲô飬û˵ġ
а
˵֣ΪҲ㲻ֻаݡ
ϸ˵˵
ƾа֣ҶƲⲻʲôϣ˵
ʵǰħҲΪ˾ȼҸаֻ֮ħܽϧһǻˡ
Ѿǧ࣬δܽ׾ȹ
˼廹а
ǻаѾˣûбҪ˵Ѿȥˡ
Ȼἰ϶аڣӵơ
ûаδпǷѳȥаģ峤ѾٲʱΣ֧Ų˶á
ʱע⵽ˣкܶӣ嶼ǰ
˵ҶŷӦΪʲôĶ֮ˣ׳ѵ
ڿĻҶƺˣЩ˴󲿷ֶаŵʣµȫ֮ˡ
Ҫô㣡
ͨйؼҶҲʶԣմ˷չȥ꣬彫˲ŵ㣬ֱȫ
ϣܲаԭ򣬲ܳȥָԻ͡
˵꣬Ҫٴι£һҶ㣬ֻõͷûм¹
һᾡȻʱȥ峤ȥ
ҶûоܾǿԼֻкôûлԼѾֲ˴ˡ
֮۸ԼΪһ壬ղŽʱҶоĿ·Լǰ
ʵЩ֮۵ļ䣬ҶںϵһԲ˻þ
ãھͳ
ҶӦʮָˣ˳ĸ׻Ժ棬Ҫöˡ
ĸףҪҶֳȥһˣҲܻ
ߵĸǰʾһ¡
ȥɣĸԴһο֮ɫ
˺ܿ뿪Ժӣ峤ȥʱѾǧ꣬ڵȥˡ
ȿȡ
̤峤Ժӣ洫
ҹ峤
峤棬վһ꣬Ҳ峤Ķӣˣֱ
ȥɣ
˰֣ǽȥ峤һ첻һ죬û峤ˣ֪ηչ
Ŷ룬йŨҩζ峤ڴϣǴ峤﷢
˽峤ǿŹȣΡΡ´
ˡ
峤ͣüĿһͲ÷С
峤Ҵ˭ˡ
æȥס峤ܻͣ峤ǻĶһ峤ˣ䶼һǧɡ
μˣ
峤µ֮׼£ȻϳҶݡ
ô֪
ɻ֮ɫԼδκˣ峤ô֪Ҷݡ
⣬㵽ˣ帲֮ʱҲǸ֮գ
峤Ϸź⣬ڴ⣬͸ӦˣҶϢΪҶֵһ̣˷Ӧ
ʮ񣬶ԼĴУ֮һ֣ܸӦõ
˵꣬峤ӻóһöĥù⻬Ĺ֪˭ĹͷɢĹɢ
ǻףһֹǣֻҪֹǾͻᷢ⡣
峤ϼĸĹͷյ׽ҴˣԭҶݣףһֹǡ
ҶҲˣǰ֮Լʮ㵽˽죬ֱҲΪ
㵽Ҷһѣȣ廯ѡ
û뵽㵽Ĳֹǰ㵽ˣ帲֮ʱǸ֮ա
峤˵ģףġ
Щţףֻ䣬ϹʱڣʱգҲ꣬ףڵĺᣬҲнٴĴˡ
ûף֮նһֹǣһĴ֮ֻ峤ʸƹܡ
峤Ҷϣһϣ֮ɫ
ԭˣ
˵ͷΪ峤ҶһۣʶҶݡ
ףڵ־֪վԼǰ
ˣˣ帴
峤ɫÿˣҲǸ˵ģܺãƺת˲١
峤ҽҪƣڣϵĶһܽ
ת˻⣬ǰҪǽ峤ϵаϣа׸ܿٵķչ
Ϲͷ˾ˣͷ񡣡
峤˰֣ʾԼѾνˣˣҲκźֻҪڣ岻ܷٲʢ
峤˵ǻ䶥û䲻֪ηչ
峤ͬ峤ǲ֮ףֻ峤ܸõĴ壬ϣе
Ǿ˶ƶǣõķչԴԴĴȥ
ҿ
Ҷ㻹վߵ峤ǰҪʲôаר׳ꡣ
峤ʱǳĺãͻȻһҹ֮䣬ͱˣһ첻һ죬֧ôЩ꣬ڹͷкܴĹϵ
˷ˣ
峤ҶϸԼ壬ĸм֮ɫһ˿˷ܡ


1380 ڰþ
һյʱ䣬ҶջʶĿ˼
峤ûдϣĿҶ㣬аǧˣûҵ취ϣܸǴϣ
֮ɢļ䣬Ҷ㾳ԽԽߣ֮Ҳ𽥱ռࡣ
ҶһֱûǶһȴ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˫ۣ֮У͸һ˿񣬿аҶС
ˣҵԭ𣿡
峤壬ʮּȵĳҶʵ
ҵԭˣҪ˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳ򵥡
Ҷ֮ļ䵱УҵаҲ뵽˶Ӧ֮
峤оˡ
Ҷҵ˰취˷ܵаҲ᲻ԶǰħѰħᡣ
ȱżô˵
峤ȽƽҶüͷ΢壬аô򵥡
ǲжаҶ㳯峤ʵ
ʮˣ׳ꡣ
аʮ֣Ǻܶ࣬׳꣬Ƿܺͣһò޷ܣֱҲǵԽԽ˥ߵԭ֮һ
Ͷˣ
׳꣬Ҷǵ˷ܵͣѳȥ壬а񣬿Ҫ塣
ˣǵʲôа
ôЩˣһֱûҵԭ򣬿ҶȻı飬Ӧ֪ʲô⡣
ڰþ
Ҷ˵ĸ֣аײŻʩչҶе׽֮ͬס壬޷ˡ
ǶĹ
峤ͻȻվڰþĸ֣ˣаһ壬һ񣬺ڰþģȻϡ
ˣа취Ƴڰþ
峤¶һ˿ϣ֮ɫڰþǺڰе飬ʱ޿̶ʴ㣬ԶҲ޷ѡ
ղ˵ˣ취УЩѴ
ҶԴЩ˼ڰþһа˽˼٣ӵۣ֮ҶҲ֮ܽ
˲ò˼˵ɣ
ҶΪ֮ɫ𲻺˼ֻҪƵڰþʲôԡ
Ҫ
Ҷ峤߸˵˺ܶ࣬Ļһֻץ񣬸֪Ҷ˵ʲô
ֻ峤ϱ仯Ī⣬һǵͨ죬Ҷ㲻峤϶һ˹ȥΪҶں˵˵
峤סһҪħȣɹ֮ǧܳ
Ҷһλûƽֺڰþħᣬ°빦ӿָʱ䡣
лˡ
峤лȻ֪Ǽ٣ǰҲֻɻҽˣϣЧ
䷢𣿡
䣬֪û֡
ҲУһ⣬óһħᣬ岿һڰþ
峤ĳǱȽϺõģҲΪʲô۵ԭȻʮ䣬ȴͬһҡ
ˣҾͲ峤Ϣˡ
Ҷ˵꣬վӣȥֻø󣬸峤һкһ뿪ˡ
ˣңβκúڰþ
гֻӣǳܣ֪Ƽ켸ҹ˯ž
Ҫ֪
ҶЦЦæͷҪ֪
ܼ򵥣ǽһ£ϴɾջϬţɹɣĥɷۣħȣͿĨھջϣڴ汩ɹʱ䣬ڰþܽ
Ҷ˵꣬Цֱԭء
ۣ
ͻȻŻ·𿴵һƬ׻ƨɶŴգǳ𺳹Ž
ҶѾԶϽ׷ȥ
ˣûɣҪǴȥǶˡ
Щţһ⵹⣬ϬţͿĨھջϣڱɹ죬е̫߼ˡ
㲻ţ
Ҷ㿴һۻ֮У˺ܶ໳ɣϾĸףֺڰþ
ҶĿֺڰþûħҲֻܸʱҪϺܶࡣ
û뵽˼򵥵İ취ȴûһ뵽ǧ꣬޷ƽ⣬֪˶ˡ
ԼĸףһȻ֮ɫҶ㣬Ҳˡ
Ҹ˵˵ڰþɣʵܼ򵥣ڰþһ׳棬ǳС֮Уᱻ֣ϲĵطǾջϲľϣĲʳϵľͨһϣѭ
Ҷ飬ĸ͡
ղҶ峤ϣڵ׳棬ǺڰþĻ֡
ԭˣ
˵ͷƼ򵥣Ҷֲۣ֮׳棬ڸǧ꣬Ҳ޷ҵԭ
һ֮Ща˶峤ټһ˶֪ʲô飬峤ǽһ¡
뿪ˣҶķԸȥ䣬ϣҵӣȻ壬Ҷϣܴ䵱УҵĴˡ
֮󣬱صʮ˷׷׳һ϶¶֮ɫϵаʧˡ
Ϣܿӵ壬峤վҶ㣬Ķˣľ
죬件ϲأףǧаڲˣ˵һ£һҲҪ
峤ָ֮ɢĺΣϢҲ𽥱ǿһһ֣Ǳ񼲲ӡ
ڻףĵ죬峤һЩŸˡ
ԭֵĻ䣬ǱΪ䣬ǵĺڰþҲʧˡ
峤ãټ峤ϣȫá
ߵĵãֻгش飬ŻῪϴҶȣҲãۣ֮Ǵõ
Ҷ㵱ȻҲǱ֮Уÿһ̣Ҷͱ뵽֮УѾˡ
Ҷһ̣һ£ӭҶ㡣
μˣ
Ŀںţ֮ը죬˷׷׵룬ѾҶ֪ȥ֪ͨ峤
֪ҹ̣ûһ˿飬ڼˡ
Ǹʲô
һ£ҶЩ֪룬ǸϽ
ˣǵ꣬ڵȵˡ
һʹ飬֮꿴ˣ˿̾Ҳ޺ˡ
˵
ҶһҲмʮˣ곤ǧҲУҶܳܵ
Ҷɣ
峤ЩӶҶ˽֮ܶ࣬ˣĵôҶվ
ҷ׷վһҶ㣬곤ģҲиҶͬģ֮ˡ
ǰ
ҶһɨͻȻһϤӰӣǰǾǨ˵ص巢Դء
ԭǻصҲ
μˣ
Щţǽ֮УһЩ˷ܣô֮УֻԼʶҶ㣬ڼǰʶˡ


1381 ׻
Ĵϲ£ʱúءҹ֪
Ҷ˿̾һ֣о֮Ҳ֪֮
ûκԥҶֱӸǰһܱʲôˣʲô䣬˿ֻ˵顣
˿һĻͷʱһֱģ˵һʲôˣа֮֮ˡ
ǰ˾ȻᣬԸºͣҲˡ
Ҷ㣬û뵽һȥˣҲӵһСӣ˶صĴӣ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
Ҷ򣬵Ҷʱ򣬲ϰĽɫԼŮھ¥Ҷ㣬һҡ
ҶǰȣҪƽ׽˳Ҳƽǧħ䣬Щ飬·졣
ǰһȥˡ
ҶҲһ꣬ʶ죬ȥʱˡ
󹷣ˡ
һ䣬߳һӣʮ꣬ҶĴ󹷡
ʱ˵ĸˣȱһһǣ֪ΪʲôҶ˿̿ѾǵյĴ󹷣϶һ˵ζ
ٺ٣ˡ
󹷻ǺЦȱһһǣˡ
ôѪ֮
ҶĴ󹷵ļ򣬴ϣҶܵ˴Ѫ֮ڻ
Ҷ佱󹷲֪˵ʲô֪ЦԴһԡ
ˣ
峤˹Ҷ˵۵ӣȻдҪ̸
˵Ŀ֮УҶֻȥһ֮⣬ЩŮ֮Уƺ̫ɻ󣬶Ҷ㲢̫ľη֮ġ
峤ԼŹǰһеˡ
֮洫ѾˣܴиһδɵëСӣ˶ΪҶһƭӡ
ˣβ֤Ĵˡ
Ȼһ˳֮УЩмϾҶŰ˽ٵɣڳ֮ˣʵ͵ĶǾŽ׸֡
ͣ÷ô˵
˵ǵ۽䣬Ҳʮ۽ĺᣬ۽ƹٶȣٶףٶϣû˱ǿ졣
峤ֻʵʵ˵ѣڳֹһ˲ţϣóŷĶ
û峤ĺȳ⣬˫ֱҶ㣬ϣҶܸһ͡
ͣô˵
˵ǻû˱Ȼ˽Ҷ㣬ħܰȫųҲֻҶ
֪о֮ⲻڴˣǵ֣Ҳ뱻ɱΣǸˣɡ
ܲãΪҶʲôһĵطǡ
Ҳ׼ˡ
֮ϣɢŨҵĻ棬ħ֮󣬻Ҳûгˣֻзŭʱ򣬻Ż᲼ȫ
Ҳֻ̣Żᱻƭ֤ˣȻᵱڵǸǣݹҲ
˵ĺܼ򵥣Ҷ㲻֤Ҷ㰲Ȼ뿪Ҫ֤ˣͻᵱڵǸ
Щ峤׷ҡҡͷû˱һ֣ǲĴоͻиӦ
ֻǴҶȽϺ棬Ҷ㵽к֮ܵõûֹ͡
֪ҶˣҲҪҶһй֮ŻᱻѡС
˽ĿˢˢľۼҶϣҪҶλ⡣
ô֤
ҶǴŵЦ⣬ûЩͣûиһֻǸͣܵԼ֤Ĳ˵ηǿȨˣҲվ˵
Ȼڿ˵ˣչ¶һ
ҲŻ˴ܼҶչ¶˵Ȼôŷ
ҲʩչֻһЩƤëѣ
Ҷ򵥵ĻشʹøһЩ򵥵ʩչ
Ŷ
ЩŮ׷¶֮񲻶˵ȥЦ
ڻкλҪ˵һһƭӣðˡ
Ϸһ˿ɱˣﵱӦ
˭˵һҪ
Ҷû⣬ǷʵԹһҲûⷽļأǵһøһհס
Ϊӿٵֻһ֮棬ʮѹûк㶨ı׼
ǿʶ
ΪҶǿʶżûмأĸһ
ҪôΪҲԣǿʶΪһõĵҶȻǴŵЦ⡣
Ҷˣ˾ȻԶ񲻾ݹҲˡ
ڷŭˣϵ죬׼֡
ͣˣ
һֵ۽峤ˣ֮ɫöʿɶֹ
峤
ͲףΪ峤Ҫƫ̻Ҷ㣬ԼļĿ
˵һԣ
۽峤˵һߣҪִȥ
ͺݺݵĵһҶ㣬ε˵һԣǺܲġ
ˣ֪Ҫ⡣
۽峤Ǹ⣬ȻҲ崫֮۽֮ǰҲÿ䶼һ
ǰˣô⣬վҸ˻˵Լе뷨ӢۣҪĲαˡ
Ҷʵʵ˵ֻ̹СˣŻ۸һףһףָܵԼ֤̹ľӣСˡ
ô룬
۽峤һ֮ɫղûֹͣʵҲ뿴Ҷ㣬ײ
û뵽ҶػǳޣԾӳ֮ò˺ա
֮ԻɣҲӦңҲл֮ģǲ𡣡
ȻǶ֪֤ˣҿó֮ԳٳٲóҲǲϣλ˶ҵУϣҵᡣ
Ҷ˵ﻰʵҲڿ飬жģ˵ı֮ģҶ㵱Ȼó
˵öԣǲ
˷׷׸֮ͣУȻûڮҶ֮ģǻ֮ģ˶С
ʵȣ͵õۣ֮ǰ֤ʱҲ֪ԼĴˣֱ˷֮ף֪ԼѡУĴˡ
֮⣬ҲҶõԻͼ֪
ٵ˽֮ףˮ֮ףľ֮ף֮ףԼ֮ףǼң֮Ϊˣһίؽʮƹء
Ҷ㽫䣬һһرڳ䣬Ҷ˵Щ֮Уǵ档
ļˮ֮ף
ˮ峤վһϣ֮ɫҶ㣬ˮ񹲹ʧ˲֪꣬Ҷ㾹Ȼˡ

Ҷ˵ͷûѣȷˮ֮ףҶ޷ӼǸ߳
ңҰ
ˮ峤쳤̾ң塣


1382 ѡ
峤׷Ҳ¶֮ɫҶ㣬ϧҶֻǼλ
ڳ˻䣬ˮ䣬֮⣬е۽䡣֮䣬ȵĺᣬƹ׵硣ڤ䣬ڤĺᣬƿˮһ䡣
ˣˮ˵ʲô
ˮ峤ȻҶ㣬Ҫ֪ˮ񹲹˵ʲôûйˮһ顣
Ҷ㽫ˮ񹲹Լļ˳ˮ񹲹ҶĶԻݡ
ˮҶ㴳ǸҶѰµˮӰˣء
ûû
ˮһ˶żȫȻˮ񹲹ˣڣڣ档
ˮ񹲹ҶĶԻ͵˲˵һĬˡ
ˮ񹲹ٶֵ֮֮Ĵ󽫣ˮ˵ٶ֮Ҷ֮󣬿϶Ҳ˵ͬĻ
һľ֮ף֮ף֮ף֮ףԼ֮׸ҵĶԻǻҪڿ𣿡
ҶĬʵ
ˣȫ㣬óˡ
峤ȫָ·ҲҪ˲ѾҪ֤ˡ
ʮͬһӴˣڿȥҲһ
ͣ
۽峤һȣö͸ϽǸˮ񹲹Ҷ㣬ƺˣһη֮ɫЩᣬ
ˣԭҸղŵĶײ˽
̬תˣҶ㣬ǳҶݣ֮УȻܿҶĲмΪҶ㾳̫ˡ
֮У
Ҷ㷴ʣǴһ˿Ц⡣
һʱҶʵĶԣ֮УֻԼݶѣ
л񣡡
۽峤æö͸лҶ㣬Ȼ˲׷ˣĺ¡
лˡ
ޱ飬վվһԡ
Ͽʼ飬Ժηչ죬ò˶ã彫طɽ磬ƹء
ˣ˵˵ԺĴ㣬ηչ
峤ҲһߣҶʵ
ͻȻĿ⿴Ҷ㡣
һᾡܣԸһǱҸԺηչ
Ҷûʱ䶺̫Ҫȥ֮ϣɸλԸ
ȻӦˣҪֳŵ
ҪѡʮĽӰ𣿡
ղˮ񹲹֮ǰἰҪҶ´ʮ񣬲Ѿ²⵽ˣԽŷ׷״
ûһ䵱УѡӰˣΪµڽܴﵽߵĳ̶ȣҲұ֤һҿԱ֤һᾡܡ
Ҷ˵ֻһ򣬼Ȼֻ䣬ֻʣµѰҡ
ˣѾõŴˣ츳ãѪ
峤վԼţ츳ǳѪҲܴ
ЩŮ׷׽Ŀ⿴Ҷ㣬Ҫ֪Ҷ㵽׻ѡ˭ϾغԼԺˡ
ÿ䣬ţˣˣһֻлԼμӡ
ƻ峤Ѿ֪Ҷ˼ˣһֻл츳ãѾҪѡ
Ƕվ˿˭ܳΪµ񣡡
λ峤׷Լ߳վλãҶѡÿ䣬ֻѡһˡ
ɨڳʮˣÿһҶ㰮֣ǾţѪ޼Ҷѡ񣬻Ϊѡ
ΪѰ
ҶץץԴҲû뵽⣬̫ˣ޷ѡ
ˣ
ҶͻȻһ츳ȻҪҲҪãԲãȻ츳ڸߣҶҲѡ
иĿһʮݣĿһһһݣ֮ڻҡ
Ҷóֽͱʣܿдʮֽһһš
پʲô
һԸԸʲô
Ŀܼ򵥣ÿ˶һҷ׷˵һǣ˼Ϊ˭ҲûٹҲûϲԸԸǲ׵Ļش
ֻˣ֪һ̣Ҫʲô
Щ峤˼Ҫʲôǵȴǡ
Ըʸǹ˴Ҹ磬ɽ磬ǻȡĲƸŮȨΪÿ˵ͬ
һʱ䣬ʮ˲дô𰸣׷׽Ҷÿݴ棬дǵ֡
ʮ𰸣Ҷϸۿʱʱͣ˼һʱ˼ʮ˵Ĵ𰸣Ҷ㶼Ϊѡ
˭ҲûдҶ㣬غ彫ˣǶϷ
ֻʸѡ峤ûʸ˭Ȩ
ǻشĺܺãѾѡˣ
һյʱ䣬ҶѡˣҲ˵оûʸΪļ̳ˡ

Щ峤ԼϷ׷׵ȲˣҪ֪Լĸѡˡ
ߵǰ
ʮ˶Ķ΢΢ʮֽţҲ⡣
񽿣

ˮ
󹷣
ɳ豣
Ҷˣֻʣµ۽䣬һû㣬һε۽ˣ˶֮⣬һһŮ츳Ѫٶ֮¡
ɫ¶һ˿Ұ֮ɫղԼײҶ㣬ûϷˣܿ¶ȻѡΣҪ̳񴫳Уôס
ôȥˣӵлѪ֮δܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
ͣ
Ҷɨպ˵˵֣ȻǶ͡
ԼˣΪԼ϶ûϣˣղεĶײҶ㣬˵Ҷ㲻ѡˡ
ôģҶȻѡ˴󹷣ϣ⣬ҲӣûбҶѡС
ûбѡľˣ¶ŨŨĲ֮ɫΪûǡ
ǲҪ֪Ϊʲôûѡǡ
ûбѡϵľˣҶֱʵ
һͷȷʵ⣬ҲͰˣ󹷶ѡˣѵΪҶʶ
ǿԿĴ𰸣֪Ϊʲôѡǵԭˡ
ҶûнͣóдĴ𰸣ֱӷɵ˵
ӡǹ񽿵Ĵ𰸣پʲôдһ֣ʲôʲô
ԸشĸǼ򵥣еԸǿʵֵģϲԡ
ݻشþϱͨһƬΪдԸγΪǿߣ˵ɽ磬һ漣
Ǵ󹷣شĸǼ򵥣ֱд֣롣
ʱ룬Ĵһ˴ҪޣȴǳѣȻȱһһǣϵ£һôޣΪޣ񣬲ŷҪ
֮ǰӵԸ󹷶룬͹ˣղŹдĺףԸҪԼȥ죬ϲʹ͡


1383 
һĿȥĻش࣬Ϊٹ飬ߵ˸õĻȥ
Щ׳ֻˣŻῼ˵ĸܣ֪ԼҪҲҪߵ˻ȥ
ˮɳ豵ĻشҲҶʮ⣬ˮĻشȻ֮ǰ֮ʲô
ҵԸ֮ڻصԭ㣬һңһѭ߼ˮ߼ǳǿ
֪ˣΪβѡǾŸ
Ҷ㿴žˣƽһ򵥵Ĳ֮Уܿһ˵Ĵ·ʽԼ˼άģʽȻжΡ
ȻЩͳҲųļʣҶûʱȥѡˣܸദһ֮ѡ
֪Ϊʲôѡ񶡺𣿡
͵Ĵ𰸻ûһ𳯶͵Ĵ𰸿˹ȥ
ģǸ˱һ
һԸҲ˱һ
⣬һ𰸣ɼҶжĴĳɼ
͵Ĵ𰸣һ򶡺ͣȻ϶ͳƺҶΪ񣬵Ȼų⣬ƺûг׽ܡ
˵˴󹷸⣬˶ûг׽ܣһԼˣܲܡ
Щ̫ǣǿ֪㵣ĵʲôǵԻκ⣬ƾһĿʲô
˾ϣҶúÿǡ
Ѿݸģ
Ҷһ֣ȻѡˣҶڸģҲ˼֮žġ
ҶĻһϣղſţʱһ񣬲¡
ˣһ֮롣
ɫ΢䣬˵ʲôһ˳Ҷ㱧һȭһ
˵Ҷ顣
Ҫս
ߵҶʮ֮⣬֮УսⰻȻȻҶΪûʸΪˣҪ˵ߴңҶľǴġ
裬Ǻο࣬˵Ķ֡
˹û˱ҶʵΧδκҶ㣬οǺһˡ
֪о֮ģҲὫˣΪˡ
轫ĸҧرأ˼㲻ˣͲǴô򵥡
ʲôʱ֣
Ҷֹ˻ܺս϶Ϻ֮Ƴ˴󹷸֮⣬˶ỳԼʵҲ
ڽɣ㡣
˵꣬ҪȥʥأһƻǶĲ
ˣ㹻ǽˡ
Ҷ㲻뽫ִһ潻֣϶ᴫ塣
ãҾĵطҲˡ
ͣס˽Ų˶˵ط㹻ˣǺȫһҶΪԸһԡҲΪҶ㲻˽ٵɣһоͿԽ֮Ʒ
ҪֹѾˣվλãս
͵˶ûֹȤĿȥֻдɵǺǵЦš
ǴɵǺǵ֮Уȴһ˿һ˿󳹴򣬷˵
ޣܶ˶Ϊһ˺ܴʱԵ޶ۣʵˣޣָǴǻۣܿһС
Ȼ⣬ΪһһǣⲢ谭˼룬㲻˵ȴĺܡ
ˣְɣ
ЩȲˣҶϽ֡
Ҫҽ֣
Ҷ㻹ϸһ䣬ϣʹա
ϻ˵ΪҵĶ֣ԵԷ
ԽԽϬƵĿǣѹûн˷
ãȳְɣ
Ҷûмȥȳְɡ
ȻˣҾ͵ˣ
һΪһǣֱӳҶ£ǵĺᣬ֮ϣɢɲ׵֮
ܺƣҶҡҡͷ츳Ȼܲխ˵㡣

ҶȻվԭûжֱֻһһɫˣԭء
С˷Բƽ״Сס裬ô޷ƿ
豻Ҷһס˴۾ԭΪһҵıȶ˭֪
þκΰ취ڽɫ֮УֻҪҶ㳹ѹȥһ࣬Ҷûôȥ
裬ǻüȥ𣿡
ҶƽʵʤѾ
б͸ʹĴһסʲô¡
費Ȿߵ츳ó׵֮ûʩչ
ڤ粻飬ȻˣҾͳȫ㡣
Ҷ㳷ȥָɣٴһҶ˹
ܺɲƣҶ޶ãֱһɱ¾֮ˣ׵ĳ֡
ɱһ
һɨͻȻʧԭأֻùһ磬ٴζԭأΪĲӱһĳ档
㻹кλҪ˵
һͽ˺裬ԣҶʱصĿԽնɱ
ʣ°ˣһĬʵ޼ȥҲԳ裬ѹûпҶôܺġ
裬°ɣл˲ɱ֮
ˣһѾֹһˡ
峤ȳһúϽȥڼһˣҲҶ֡
˻һǷ֮ɫֻ벻Լ֮ܵҡ
裬Ҳûģ㿴ħնɱħ壬ͻãˣˡ
Ǳ˴˶ʶҲǼǰˣʧʱ䣬ڲŻ
㲻ðοˣ˾ˣûκɿԱ⡣
ûнܻİοȻʮ䡣
裬ǲǰˣħܶٶΧŽٵɾռʮңǲ뿪ˣȫնɱҿԸ㣬֮У󲿷ֶħ徫Ӣܶ˶ǧ겻š
ߣԼο裬ȴˣûܲˬ
ҲҪݸ𣿶ٶˣһһĭǣնɱˣΪ꺢ͯ𣿡
֮ԱǣΪִҶˣ̧Ҷݡ
ҵĻԲţˣлǣʱǶڳ
첱Ӵ֣һŪı飬һ
˵ˡ
ҶҡҡͷûؼȥЩ飬ûбҪ˶Ҫ
˵ɣ
һλվһˣóܶӦü¼˺ܶ顣
ˣˡһ굱У֮и̽ӣܶϢȻˡ
ҶˡϾռҶϢ񣬲ʼ֪ҶҲûôࡣ
ǰˣҹǰ
Ҷ㻹һ𾴵ĿǣûаԼϵһ߸ϡ


1384 ׷
˵ĿⶼۼϣҪ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
Щ꣬ҲһЩ̽ӣĿľ˽Ϣóˡ
˵ʼķмҲַǸһ귢ش顣
򿪵һöһżһ򿪣֮ħڽ֡
ʮˣ˴һϤӰŽٵɽֵʱ򣬴ҲŽĿˢˢľۼڴϡ
˰ʱʱ䣬ʱһƬš
߽ٵնɱŽٵɵʱ˶һƾףɹնɱŽٵɣԽɱˡ
˰˵Щţôġ
ʧûָ⣬֮ɫδȥ
ҽһ£˹Ѿϳˣĩǻ֪顣
Щļ䣬Ȼʧȥ
ϴ֪⵽ô£Ҷôħһ𣬽һȻţһҹ֮䣬֮߸
ΪһЩ޹˸𣬶һˣ丮ħ֮߸һţ׽֮𡣡
ϸڣûһһ˵ΪѾҪˣҪҶôġ
ں¼壬׷׳ֳ
žεҶڷΪսΪֹû֤ʵս㵽˭紫ԣҶ㡣
ޱ¥аɾػҶ㻹ǳɹնɱħû̫Ϣʵŵĸԣѡ
һҲӰ첻ʲô鴮ͷǳĿ£ҶһˣѾӰҲ⡣
ԭһĮĶ͵ˣ¶ŨŨ֮ɫһҶ㣬Ҷƽһ˿·ЩԼûκεĹϵ
ˣռϢޣĿǰ˽ֻôࡣ
ЦһΪ鱨ƣĿǰ˽ֻôࡣ
ˣԼû뵽ô顣
ҶӣһЦ֮ɫ벻Լĸ˶ྪ춯ص
ƺľˣħ֮󣬶Ҷ̬ȷ˼ת䣬Ҷ㲻ҲᾴηҶ㡣
峤׷׵ͷԽǿȻҲˣл壬ߵĸߣطϹ硣
ˣȻѡˣҿ͵˽Ѿ׼磬ϣ
峤֣ôҶɷɣĺ£ûбҪôš
úָܿһ͵ӣһ໥̸󲿷ֶѯʶҶ㡣
֪Ҷ½߳𾪵ԸӣһֱΪҶ֮ˣԭҶһƫԶƶСط߳
˶̶̲ʱ䣬˺ܶ˰궼ɵ飬ҶԺʼѾȥ˾ˡ
һʮ꣬ͦε꣬Щ꣬Ҷ¶ʼ飬ѲǵյҶ㡣
һ뿪ãʼף͵ˣ׷׸Ҷ󣬼ȻҶѡˣҪ׷Ҷ㣬ϹʱڣʮЧ֮һ
ˣ˹Ů֮⣬˶ӣ󹷵Ҳһ˭ɵЦ
Ҷ㷢֣󹷵ڷѪ֮ԽԽϵĺ֮ڷı仯
Ҷܸˣ֤ԼѡǶԵģ󹷵Ǳû볹ھȵԼײֻԼС취ƴ󹷵Ļǡ
˺Ƚϳ֮⣬˰˶׷ףض͵ˣܳΪˣ궼Ŭ顣
죬ڵˣ֣帴
ˣǾ㣡
峤׷ƱҶ㾴ơ
ˣ
ҶʮţƱһ
ˣôġ
۽峤ȿڣҪ֪Ҷкδ㡣
Ҵһ֮뿪򣬴һ뿪ǷģȻҴӦһḴ塣
ҶûгԶȥĴ㣬кܶҪû
Ҫص½׼һδǨƣ廹оŲ֮Умʼ޽磬Ҷ㶼Ҫȥȡ
ҲãϾ̫СˣʺչϹͷֻףˣѳɾͰҵҫ
λ峤˵ͷֻһ磬ʺҶ㳤ڷչҶ뿪ƺ뵽ˡ
ƻ˰ҹҺȵ뿪һʮֿġ
ɫһҶʮʱˣҪ뿪
峤Լڶ೤ϵĿ֮£Ҷ˵壬׼뿪
ˣȥ
񽿻ǵһ뿪壬ʮֺ棬˵˶綼ʮɵĸо
µ˻صңһ½ЩҪš
ҶںԼƴںѾõĲˡ
УҲҪ׷ˣߵǾ͸
һЧҲᱣ粽룬Ȼ뿪Ҷ벽
ǷİɣֻǻؼһˣûʲôΣգҪǸ棬ȥ򡣡
ҶЦһԣһ棬;ڣһӶЧһ
УʲôΣգǵ𣬻˳ȫ
˵꣬һҪ£󹷻ɵǺǵЦţʲô͸ʲô
ȻˣǾȸȥ½ɡ
ҶҡҡͷֻܴӦҲһ⣬Լİȫ
£ŰľȻȥҶʮ죬ܸϻȥ
Ҷֻó˵ϣȻȥ
УҺþûлص½ˣȥһھܾ
Ҳǣһֱ棬ʲôطܳҶšҲһھܾ
ʦͽ֪ʦͽҲҪʦһ𡣡ľǹҪҶһ
ָ˵ˣҶߵ͸һ˭ҲԸȻص򣬶Ҷһȥĵط
ðɣ
ȻӦ˶ˣ޷ھܾˣһߣȻص½ƽҲûʲô鷢
Ҷ㾳Ҳƿܿɽ磬пͻƾ磬ȻѴƹؿֻвϵĻۣԽԽһԾ춯ء
ֱ֮ӿޱߵҶҺ֮󣬴ˣ½ٸȥ
кͼĻ·һ֮ڿ½Ӱӡ
ƶ򣬻лǵ˶𾪲ѣطȻš
½ǧ֮һСóһ򣬶½˺֮⣬˷׷¶֮ɫ
ǿ֮ϣ½ԽԽҶ˼֮飬ҲŨ뿪½Ѿһˣ֪ĸɺãǿɺá


1385 
½ڳٳߡ
Ҷ㽨˾֮Ƽ˲һ֮ڣҶĴ֮£ڷٷչ
ԴΪϣЩŵ紺㣬ðҶҶ̶һ꣬ͯ˽ӽǧˣѾӼС壬һԽ˵Ĵ塣
ַڼʱɣ˵ǿ˸Žˡ
ЩĶͯõ˼õʷǳʮ꣬ҶҾܳΪ½һ塣
˿̣ƼңǾˣǰδеĴˣֱҪһǰʧķʥˡ
һ׷飬ʥڲ鵽һЩһ֮ǰʦܻңʦܵǰ½꣬ƼƬ
в͸ǽʥ½֮һ׷飬Ͳ鵽һ֮ǰȷˣԳƷʥӣǰĳҪ
˱һһնɱһ飬ָˮ档
ϾڳƼҾǿҲ²ס֮ڣϾ½һ飬ڶŸ壬ϣƼҡҶһо˱
ֻҪʧ½ĸֽٴη仯ЩѹƵļţĿܡ
֪ǿУƼһҶң׷Ԯ˲ˣΪ̫ǿˣѾͨĵɾʵͶٵɣа˽ٵɳ֡
½ٵɶǼˣЩ˶֣ƾһƣͻ˾һ뽨Ҷ㲼ʱʵٵɣǿֵܵĽٵһ
԰˽ٵɣ󷨸𲻵κá
ɱǷʥˣҿԷ⿪Ƿ䵽ɽūȻȫҪ
ʥһһʮˣƾһ˾ͿԺɨƼԼҶҸˣ˷׷¶߿֮ɫ
Щ˲ףͶԾ˳֣Ѿɼʮȥ¾ǧ˶Ҫɥ
ǲ֪˵ʲôҲûɱʥĵӣǲǸˡ
Ľݵһ׳֮ɫվȺ֮Уϵ˴˵
ǲײĲᣬΪǲ˵ҾͲ֪ҵʦ½һʱ䣬ʧȥϵۼм˽նɱʮʱ䣬ڲ˵Ҫ
ʮ֮У߳һĿӣһ⣬ɢŨɱ
ɫһʱ䣬ȻдԴӦҲͻƵĽٵɣ޷˿⡣
Ƽ˼ˣҶо񣬻оǧˣվ棬ûκξ֮ɫ
֮λ޴ǣΪ½۸ɡ
վ˳˿ǶֻʵߣҲлȨ
Բ֮ڣӰ֪ˣҪԼƼңЩҶţ׷¶ֻı顣
˵ʱһţȨԺ޻ңԪңԪ̡ȵȣɱ֯ľԴӶһɫɾɱ֡
Щ𼶱ɱ֣Ҷ֣֮ǼŸһлң˲ĥӰ죬ǧꡣ
ǷϻʲôһȺϣɱҲɱˣҾͲû˲
һ˳ݣɫ԰ףһǸһʱʱԣɢһϢ
һ˾ɱ֮ˣһϢʮֲ͸Ƥ֮Уо䡣
ʮѵɣ
ĿӶ֣һƳͬһɽݺݵѹ
ͻȻƼڸֽҶңˣһ֣׼ֵһơ
һ𣬵ֵ纣Хһľƣܹ磬ϵĽһѿ
䣡
ĽһƬƬЩòŲһʱ䣬˲䱻Ϊƽء
ЩʵСߣ׷ױѹѹʯͷ棬Ҳ̶á
ģ
˳һ֮޾ˣһ𵹷ɳȥһڿѪȾ˲񷣬Ѫ档

Ƽ˷׷׳˳ȥ˿ɫҰף˽ٵɣ߳ĸȼ˺սƽһڵϣϵİ
ͭ𣬻죬Ἶ˳Щ˶Ҷ㾫ϸѡģһ괸ʵܲ
׼ܵڶĹûҶ㣬ûǣսҲ١
ڤ粻飡
һ߳һϷʥƺЩͷˣЩȻ֮ǿ
ǽûߣҲû뿪ȫ¶֮߰ɫǿڻۣÿؿڣȼܻ档
ٴγ֣գһƣڶİѹȥǿƣ춼ʼ
½ȣȫȼѹͳܲס˽ٵɵܿռڴݣĺڶˡ

һЩ˶ܲڶֱɵʧӰ١
ʱ޿̲ٳ֣ˣҶңƼңЩһһʧ
¡¡
֮ϣ֯·Ƴ˹ɵԾ춯أ½ʲôʱֹľ
ˣûһӭžƣ¶Ȼ֮ɫܳ壬ңԹ޻ڣӸҶһ𣬾׼
Щ˶ǴײҶһ߹ģûҶ㣬Ҳûǽ졣
ѣҶѣƼѣҪվѧԺǾˣһң˴󲿷ֳԱǴѧԺġ
䣡
ޱȾ޴ֱ˻죬𣬿ܳϣһڿѪһЦ
̫ˣǼˣڵϰѵģв֫ϱ۵ģлԵģҲġ
ԶֵЩˣͬ飬ĮֻƼҷһʱ䣬Ҫįˣʧ½
һǰ˳ʱǶôķ⣬ôĺ½Ҫ׳Ƴ
ʱգһѵǷˮת
һţԪң޻ңȨԺ𵺣ڡЦˣЦĺܲãһĶڿͷų
˷Ц֮ۿƼ˳ҶҸһֶôĵ顣
Ƿ׷ǰߣپ£ڼͺȲʣŵЩˣЩӣ׷״Ц
˳˳ʵҪȵڶ˲٣󲿷ֶ侳ûѡأɵУ׼ܵι
ɾǿܣˣ侳ȥȥһǧҲ˽ٵһɱ
ֳһȺˣʥ˷ŭˣƣȻƿصȨ
ԼԹˣ
ɱŨƻһƸ죬ֱ˾ףҪ˻𣬳׽Ϊƽء
սҲųƼû֮ˡƼҵ˷ŭ
Ҷû֮ˡҶҵ뻮һź
ˣأ
˵Ҳźһźġ


1386 Ҷߣ
Щţ׷¶֮ɫ޹ģҪɥڴˡ
½ӦŽһ𣬶⵽вȣǾˣҲͻЩš
ǰûѡվǧ߿ȻĮĿټ
Զ߿գһȭŮ죬ͻȻ뻮һź˹ʱ䣬ʶӿ׷׳Դ͸
գۼĹɫ䣬رһӣͻȻɱ
ǻҲûмҶϵɱô֮Ũ
Ǹ˵ûмҶɱˣҶ˽⣬ṩЩ
룬ͨ侳Ҳһʱʱ䣬Ƕڰ˽ٵɣһԡ
һ˲ʧԭأ󻮳һĻǿռĦٶ˼¡
Ͽգ˳ȥһ飬ź֮
û˺£ҲûҶҶѪжվҲԸ
ֱϢܸȾһЩˣ׷¶֮ɫȻʹ޾ˡ
Ǵ˿̣Ҳ˻ҶҡƼҵ𺳡
ǵҲãҲգΪߣ˾ˣҶңҲƼҡ
Ц𽥼٣ܳĬһƬΪ½֮ˣͬɱЩ˿ʼ¶֮ɫ֮С
ʮһú
һҶҵӷ׳ϵ·һ˺ѣ壬·Ҫһ룬ɢϢԽǻΪ촷ۡ
ˣݺ֮䣬ʮ˱ˣʧھǰԵ΢
侳ڵɾǰ϶㲻ϣ֮ܽɱ
ƻ£һʱ䣬˶Ҫһͬ
ϣ˱˫ۣڿȥЩĳ̶ȣ˵
ɸҲüʲôĺ飬ʲôأ˶ˣǵĺ׳Ⱦ
̾ϢŮᣬʹޣ֯һγһҵĻ档
ǵĸףǵɷǵӣǵŮ춼ҪˣĲѾ׼ˣʱ׼

Ȼ֮䣬ճһҵĲһɫˣƾճֱ֣վھ֮ϣһɨķѡ
ղֿɲϢ˲ʧһɶϵѹҲ֮ʧ׷˫ۣƮһɫ
󣬽ɫʮˣŮףܳԭء
òҵս
һ˵Ƕͣȫţȫһȼսݱ䵽̶ֳȡ
Ȼ߳򣬲ǷˣҲҲɱֻҪ˺ܶѡ
ЩˣȻǿ˾ȣڱ𾪡
һݱ䣬ܿһģǾɱһûм٣ڷӣͬһħ񣬽̤գ䡣
ˣ
ͻȻһ˷ܵĺУϵӰ֮ǵпϣһ޿ɺΡ
˻һ𣬿ŹҶ㣬˴Ҳ˴Ц·𿴵˵˱ն׵ĳ
Ҷɫ䣬ɨ棬ǧˣཨľˣһҹ֮䣬׻
ƼңҶңĸˣЩûüֵŮףȫ뵽ս֮С
и˿ڵģƣսģ˿ûбϵ龰Ӱ졣
ҲҪ棬ҲҪúңһֱ׷Ķ
Ҷߣ
Ƽߣ
ߣ
Ҷһ˵֣𺳲񷣬վĶ͵ȣ㱻ҶƸɳȥ
˿̣ǲ֪ԼôС֪˵ЩʵҶĺǿǿǸоϢ
֣γʵʣ֮Ʈ˳֮£ҶȻУСڷֻҲڸı䡣
͵˷׷䵽ϣ뵽˾˵Ĵ󲿶֮УʼЩߡ
Ѿ֪Ҷһִ˾ˣŶ̶һʱ䣬Ĵ
еķŭй֮ҶɨϵʮˣǵװҶѾϳǵ
ʥǺôĵӣɱôˣǶҪΪᡣ
Ҷÿ˵һ־̤һտʼ濪ʼζ޷Ҷơ
һʲôȻ½𶯣Ǵ½һߣܵ½ı仯
ʮһۣӱ˴˵֮пһ˿ֲ֮ɫЩ벻Ϊɱǳˡ
Ҷ㣬ô㣿
Ҷòʹĸ򣬷ʥȻҲ⣬Ҷնɱ˶ţǶĶ֣ʮ֮УʵߵĲŰ˽ٵɣҶһָͷܽȫɱ
ΪʲôͲҡ
Ҷʮ֮վˣǿƣѹƵʮ˴ͻķò˴۾
رһţԪң޻ңҶ֣ԭ˸߲ңڿԿԿ˽Ҷնɱ
˭֪鲻Ԥչ˿Ҷ֮󣬷èһŵɪɪ
Ҷ㣬Ҳ֪ĵ̣е¡
׻˵úǰ취뿪˵ֻҪص򣬾Ϳš
½кü·̣ҶɱǣҲ׷鲻鵽Σһʬ塣
ԭ£
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻЦЦг޾ϷŰбˣҶôܾʹˡ
ɱٸֵܽãһ¾ˣҶ㵱ʲôˡ
ҶЦ꣬øĮ֮ӣֿɲϢʮ˴
ǧ֮ЩֵߣЩϢ·ס˲ӣ޷ĺ
һŵ˺ˣԪҵ˲ˣ޻ҵ˳ĬˣڵȺ档
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫ̫ǿǷʥ洫ӣҪһ᳹飬ʱǱ𡣡
ղųֵĿӴĺȵ˷ʥϣҶ˼ɡ
в˵ȫ𲻵ã丮Ƕ֪ɣʥһ𡣡
ҶЦ޹ʹвͷһ˿³ֻһΪۡ
úúãˡ
ʮ¶Ƿ֮ɫ֪Ҷ㴴ģҲΪѹͲ֪Ҷ½
ô򵥣Ҫǹǵԭ£Ҫҹҹܼ尾ʲô
Ҷ˳ȥеķŭôƽϢν
һץһˣʮεԭأղŵ棬ֱϢҶǰԵСĿ
ҶЩ˿ʼ˿ϵƣΪҶźΪͣǿȾŶǣȾǣȾźǡ


1387 
ҶţȾÿһˣǶΪ֮ݡ
ҲΪŲǿԭһļ壬ţεһ
ˣֱӽʮԭأһѹһžɽʮֱӴѹ
䡭
ʮ뻮һĹڵϣ泯ˣϳһʮΪȫϣ˿̣һˣһܵķˡ
ֻһУղޱȵʮˣգۼĹ򣬾ͱҶԭأҶ㵽ʲôز
û֪ǲҲ£˽ٵɶҶһѹδţδ
ҸҶһֵЩˣһϢԨֻҪһۣ԰ΣҶһʱ䣬֮ʲôʲô
û֪֪һ㣬˽ٵɶҶ㣬һʱ䣬϶ƽˡ
½Ϊһ˽췭ظΪһˣıеĸ֡
μ
Ҷ䵽֮󣬲˵ģģ׷׹£žʹҲҪҶ
һϤףһȥֵܣҶϵɱû˿١
СӣԴֻܲת
ղҶ㲻ֻ֪֮ҲĽ׸Ҷѣԡ
ǰҶ϶Уľı仯ֻԽԽԲ
Ҳһֻء
ûκԥҶŷ֣ԼˣֻСǰһڵĶѨ

ͻȻ֮䣬ܹڵ磬˶֪ʲô飬ҶҪʲôѵΪĹȣҪ
ӣɣ£⵽ǴģһõϿɡ
ֻ֪ʲô飬ҶҪת
תһˣҲɱתһ֣ᷢҶ죬սսط
жۣҶǿתΥ涨ɡ
һ죬ҲᱻҲڽ£
ûֵĴУҶʩչֻ
ҶһҪңҪƣֻʩչڵͨԽԽԣηֱӡ
ڵϵʮʥӣ׷¶֮ɫҶֶγ𾪡
ͻй񽿣ˮɳ豵ˣγ¶֮ɫֶΣû˵ˡ
ŤתǬת
Ҷһ˵˸֣İ壬Ҳֻص衣
˾ˣ˭ҲδֶΣֻ֮ţͨ
ڵϵķʥʮˣɸһͣĲ
ҶͶţֻû뵽ֶξȻ죬򶥼ţ޷οǲ˽ٵɡ
ǺڣϧѾˣΪҶϵڿҶֶΣ¶Ұ֮ɫһͷ
½Щǿߣ𾪵޷ǧҲܿһĽЩˣ·궼Ҫɽȥܲסֻͨѹ
ͻȻɺڰɫѾˣձɺɫر˰ɫİ塣
ֻͨԽԽ֮ųڴҵǰЩԭ꣬һ˳
ʱ·תЩͽ֮е˵ӣӿռѷ֮˻ʱתֻء
¶Ȼ֮ɫ֮УҲһ˿˷ܣһݽ
ԭϢȫ޵ʬ壬һָʼʮʹ࣬Ȼˣϵƻδָ
꣡
Ҷöɵֱ飬һɴˣֱӷ˿У䵽֮Ҳ䵽Щ˵ӵϡ
ˣǶϱۣǶȣڼٵĻָЩԭ˵ĵӣҲĻָˣֱվӣ˷ܵĽ
ûˣûˡ
ղһҶҵӣˣһϢżʱ䣬ȻҾ绹
ǲ򾳽õʱԺܶߣϲȥҲһɲǣͻƾ硣
Ҳкܶ࣬޷ֻ֮в򾳽ģϾ
ͻй񽿵˳׾ˣҶֶ𾪵޷ͣɵɵվԭء
ֻлֶΣѪħǵʱ򣬾ͼʶһΣѾֲˡ
˰ɣѪħܻ֮ųֶΣŤתҺֵǲŰȫĻص򡣡
֮ɫڿüϴԼôͣ˶ǲţ߸ǵ˼ά
д帴
ɳ¶Ц⣬Խǿ󣬾ʢҲһ
˷׷׵ͷ󹷶һɵɵĵԴͬǵ˵
һյʱ䣬ֻͨʧˣ㱻ѹ촷۵ĵӣˣȫţԼ˾Ȼܻ
˵ȫָ׷վӣվһԣȻ
л֮ӭعˣ
Щ˵ӷ׷׹һǸлڶӭع顣
Ҷɣ
ѾȱŵĵطûˣҶתȴܸ컻أ˲еֶΡ
˾磬ǻһյĽһܸ컻أǻָ
˷׷վһԣ죬Ľݵ׷ϵһˣҲҶҳĸ
ãȻ
һЦ֮ɫҶһᣬ˻ƼңҪγˡ
ף˵ز˵֮أټˣƼҼϣҶˣ¡
˱ˣѾ˵ĵطƼһȽ˰Ƽ˵
ãȥ죡
Ҷ㲻ڣٲȻ˶ʵߣҶĸףλǳߣܴҵ𾴡
һţԪң޻ңڣЩſҶתŵû겻壬жԶӶԶҲ˵ǸûлƼˡ
ƼңֻҪҶڣͿתǾȻҶ㻹δǷѵʱӵһɶ
ʵҶͿˣδ˿ҶǾһȺϣûбҪɱ䡣
ǧˣҶһˣ׷ǰƼҡ
ڹڵϵķʥˣûȥˣ죬Ǿͻᱩɹ
һʱ䣬ƼҲϷչҲԽԽ࣬Щ˵Ҳȥֻʱġ
͵һֱҶںǴŰаͯľ뿪ˣǰƳǣҶ㵱ĵط
رǰ𣬶Ҷ̫ˣŲźԼȥʲôĵطҶš
ʱĻƳǣѽȣȻҶҲˣǻƳǻ˼࣬ǵĵطһ߸ߵĽҶĵ
Ҷĵ񣬼˷׷¶һЦҶѾΪ˻Ƴǵһ񻰣һĥĴ档
ܶ൱곰Ҷˣ˿Ҳı̬ȣ˾˵Ҷ㻹һͣһ¸ӣ㣬Ϊ˺߲ܶ෹Զ̸Ļ⡣
ֵ֮ϣ洦ɼҶйصĶҶƱҶƵҩ


1388 Ǩ
ҵһҶƾ¥һЩǰҶǰԺΪ˽أκ˲̤룬ҶһЩڴ˴⡣
˿̵Ƽңи߲Աһã˳ԱҲƼҳԱҲҶԱ
Ҷ߸ߵ棬͡վԣϢǳǿɢѹô˶
ŽٵɣվƬĶˣο½
Ƕơ
ҶƣҪǴŵ⣬Щ˶Լļˣѡ
˵˵ͷƣѹָУȫʧ͸أ벻һ겻ҶѾɳֵزߵĻǿ˹
дҹмһ¡
Ҷƽһ˿˵ĺأȻҲܴˣԸԼǰģҶ㻶ӭ
Ը뿪ˣҶһЩԴӦǣϾԼĸ
˵
˵ĿۼҶϣҪ֪ҶҪʲôҶôǶ޷˵֧֡
ض֪ˣλϣһȥʺ߷չԸһߵģһӭԸߵģ½һҲܡ
Ҷ˵Լľ֮Ҷ֪һ˵վ޵ģǿĺ̨Ż˼ɡ
Լļ壬ƼңԼԼһཨľˣҶ㵱Ȼ
໥һۣҲ໥˽ԸǰȻҲ˲Ը⡣
Ͼǰ֮ǵ׵Ĵڣ½۷壬߲ܻΪһ̸
ȱżظңʱ䣬ȥһ£ռ֮󣬽Ҿˡ
Ҷûżߴǣ쿼ǵʱ䡣
İɣһ׷棡
Ľݵö˵аˣҶǵľˣȻһͬǰ
Ҷ㣬Ҷн죬һжĹͣҶһ׷档
ʱҶҼҶҶСʱ飬˿Ѿһ֮ķ緶λߵϢ
ƼҲͬƼҸҶȻѪԵϵϾҶ㱾ңϸļ㣬ҶӦƣҶҶҲûа취
ӳɳҶ㶼ҶҳƼûиκζƼû棬ҪҶĻԭеϡ
һʱҷ׷˳ȥָƽֻʣҶˡ
Ĵǰ𣿡
Щţ֪Ŀɲߣһ½ҲԸ̤
һʵ㣬̤ҲֻϰĴڣʱض˲ɱ
֪׵ĵʲôһ̤ܱܲȫҵİȫܣ½չ
Ҷ˵ĵģȥ֮޷㣬Ҷƾ鷳
ûзϣȷʵҶ𣬲̫ĸӦҶĺܣ׸
״˷İɣͰźˣĶҪҵָֻ򣬲ܸõʺϼ巢չ˼ٵĳɳ
ҶԼǰȫûκѹһһ㣬洫Եɱˡ
Ȼô˵ҲˣƼҲͬҶҸˣ϶в˲Ըһߡ
֪Ƽң翴Ʒ⣬ʵڲһҲǹĶǣƵ൳һֱûɾֻǷ˻ѡ
䲻ܽڲԱɱһɶֻҪǲ£ܶطҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
뵽ˣֻ֮ˣκ֮һɲ
Ҷ뵽ЩκһŻǼ壬һ顣
֮УôŵģҺһǸάֲ䡣
ȽϹģ֮Ǹúȥδӡ
Ҳͷ۵ĵط½ţǴˣǷ˲һŵӵֿ㣬ҪǺһ´Ҳ͡
Ҷ̫Ѩûֻǻûа취
ǰ⣬ƶһƶȣȿǷС
óһ׼õĲӣҶ
Ϊ֪õһ죬û֮졣
Ҷ㷭ӣ¼ܶηչδܶܶ࣬Ҷüͷչ
ףţǷȱ̫ˡ
¼֣Ҷ磬Լֻ˵ţһƬհס
˳ƺҶѹûгı߹ִУֻǹһͷѡ
ҵרΪ㸸Щ峤׵ˡ
ԽԽʱʱЦ
ʱ䣬һζҲ׷׻һЩˣѧԺԺԼ赼ʦһЩϲ㳤ϡ
ǿĿҶɳһҶһ뿪
ѧԺ棬ϵ˲ţԴԴϵĸͣγһѭ
ʱһ꣬ⲻһꡣ
ر赼ʦеǵõ꣬Ҷ޷ֻڲһ㿴Ӽ֮ࡣ
赼ʦڷܵˣһЩʱָ㣬Ժ⵽Σ赼ʦҲվԼͷ
˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҷˣ赼ʦصԺҲһǰ
Ҷ㣬赼ʦԺѾΪһ£˶̾Ϣ
˾и˵ˣҶѺˣѺˣҲˮǴߣϾҶǳѧԺ
һȱϯ׷Ҷ㣬رЩѾˣ˵ˣǵѾҶˡ
ҶҲ⣬ҶĴ֮£ֻһС½ҵÿΪһѭ֮滻ǡ
ҲҶ㰴ոײҪ˲ҵ࣬ȫϲҶһͳһ
ΨƼңһֻһ˸Ҷ뿪󲿷ֶһǧ˲Ըߣػҵ
һ㣬ûǿҵػҲܲϾļңҲĸ
ҶӦ֮죬Խ򣬱ϾͬѪ
֮ЩԭҶгɼˣ׷׸ı̬ȣҶ㾴
һ׼׵ˣҶһ½ƺܶ࣬Ƿŵ򣬻һмࡣ
¼壬¶ʮˣ⻹ΧЩԱֻǺ
ϾҪ棬ҪһЩ򣬿һЩɽⶼҪˣҪγɽƶȣ˸
޴սȥԵӵҾȻûһ˿ҵ鷢
½Щһ׷ײȥ۽ǵˮᣬҲ˷ܡ
뿪ĵط˷ǿԽµأѰ۷塣
һдΨ򣬲лǻѵڶ
ս֮ϣҶ趨µƶȣɾΪ߲㣬侳Ϊв㣬һҸ֡
¾ǵӼڻֺüȼԴƣγһСŵģʽ


1389 ѡ
һƶȰ䷢ȥǻ˼꣬粻Ҫӵ
ʵǿ󣬾ǳ֮ߣᣬһԽϲ㣬ǹƽƶȣƽȡ
ƶȥû˷ԣõ˵ӵܶ˷ǳģϾҶҶҵˣһƫ̻Ҳ˵ܶҲ
ƶƶȣƫ̻κˣƼңҶңǾˣȫҡ
Ҷ˲Ը⣬ŻҶҲȫ֧֣ƼҲһǿǡ
ΪʲôҪһҲҶ㾭˼֮ľ
ҪǷֿûҲչһӴ壬ҶȲҲȲ
ϲһʱ䣬Ҳ׹ҶǴˣԳûһ˷ԡ
ΪҵĿܼ򵥣ʶ۷壬ڹ˭ûȥġ
ƼǵӣһҲǵӣʲôı䣬ҶһҶңƼһƼҡ
Ϊһ𣬶ϡѪϵҶҸƼһ֮УѾ˲٣Ѳֱ˴ˣһһ
еĳԱˣȢҶҹҲƼ֮ȢеЩŮӣ໥ͽһ𣬲ֱ˴ˡ
Ҷ㲻ںһ𣬲꣬ҲγһˣһһһҶֻǰ˶ѡ
ھ޴ս֮Уǿգ˸Ҷһ֮⣬˶ǵһ̤̫ˡ
ȻȻǳγһ硣
⣬һ޼ʵǳ޴սԱӹ¶п֮
ǰֻҪڷٺ棬˵򣬽лɽҲпܡ
ЩϰԳƺҶΪ٣ԵУƺ̫衣
һ֮󣬺ڴҵ֮УҶ뿪ѾȥˣҲ˾仯
丮ʧ֪ҶεΪЩ丮ӵһɶԭܶһͷǳˡ
Уں¼İ֮£솴֮ϣҵһ츣أɱŴ޵Ŀ¼Ϊˣûٸ
̶һµʱ䣬ķĲһӴţֻһΣ깤Ҫüʱ䡣
ҶĴѳΪһ񻰣ڵĺ丮ʧˣ˾ͽȫֻкһҶ󣬵֪¼ûǸˣ˿ʧں
޴սɽ֮еʱ򣬺ٴһ󲨶ΪǸ˻ˣˡ
Ժǵ¼԰ҶԼļ԰
ʮɽһ𣬹һӴţ˼룬ٶȳ˵
ԭĹڣ̶죬˴룬Ůףȫ˽
ɽ棬ҶٴοٳһƬ
һһԸ뿪ģ仧ڶҲΪ£ǰγһóͨ
Ҳ׷׽ҶռݵļԴԴԴϵ͹ǵһԴȫó
ܣһľϲ
Щ죬æĽŸմأ⼸ҹͣĸϹϣ㽨Ӵš
磬磬ˣ
æȻ죬Ҷ㵹˦ƹÿżŮ죬ȺȲ裬ʲô鶼ûС
û뵽÷֮ãδ̫ųǣƸҶ֮ǰ͸кܴĹϵ׼
ˣˣʮ֮һµγɣڴһµҪ£Ҫ˵ĳν
ƼȡҶȡԺһˣһӴˡ
ƶγˣЩӰԼľ磬Զ֣γ˽״ɾΪϣ侳洫ӡ
Щ죬Ҷóһɵĸľ磻мŮľ糹Ͷ߽ٵɵʵʱԱ֮ˡ
óʮöɵþˮ֮УϵĹӦãʮʱ䣬˼ʱ޿̶ͻơ
ܿ˶ľ磬֮ǱļʽԾɾϵӿ
侳Ǳضǣ˵һʱһ仯ȵڶһַ˷츲صı仯
󷨣ңɵɾõ󷨣Ǻõ
ͷܱ꣬ǿޡ
ǰ黹δҶ㲻һֱˣҪѡµԼҶΪһ׼λΪ̫ϳϣ¡
еɾһã٣󲿷ֶҶĸ󣬾ܶࡣ
Ĵλͣ
֪Ҷ뷨֮󣬴ҶܵģûҶ㣬ȥδӡ
ҵȷд⣬Ҳ֪˳һˣһ£룬Ҳֻǹһͷ˷չ
ҪվȽŸǿʵǲУҪ쵼ߣȷѡ񣬲һδη׻
Ҷʵʵ˵Լһ֮վǰ취ҪڷչҪ쵼ߡ
ҲҶһţĿǰ˵Ǿ쵼ߡ
˵ͷҶ˵ʵҶʧȥҶ㣬ȻҲڣһ⣬ûĹǣҲᵼ޷ǰ
ҷģֻ˾Ӷߣ뿪ˣҲҵļңҲõġ
ҳĬҶ΢΢һЦ֪ǵĵʲô
пѡ
һΪҶ˵еڱף˾Ӷߣ
д飬ϣҹͬѡһ˳Ҫ¸أ쵼ʸѡ֮λ
ҶҲ˼ˣԼһҶһЩҶҷչܿ죬ҶкܴĹϵ
ѧԺԺ˾УǲĽ˧֮ţ쵼ʸĽݵ·񣬷ǳϣǲɶõ˲ţҶҲȨ⡣
۷׷ףƼҶĲ࣬Χĸˣĸʵܲʵߣӽ˽ٵɡ
ò˶ãͻƣɵİ֮£һǧ
ѡλѡˣͶƱΣ
һֱ߾ݳƣ֮βƣаλкܴĹϵ
취ã
ҶͷͬҹϼѡˣͶƱʽȹƽҲ͸
գһѡˣֱ䣬˾УĽݵҶңҲƼһϣλܸߣ쵼ǳǿ
ƼҴϣҶҵˣûȻûǲݸ쵼ܣһֱȱʧ
׼һӣÿ˰Լѡõѡдֽϣ޼ͶƱӽ棬һһǧ˲룬ƱȻǵڶ
һʱһǧԼѡ񣬽Ʊ
ѡ䣬Ҳѡ˾УĽݵȵȣѡʮֽţ˱˴һۣ΢΢һЦ
һ֮յĽǡ


1390 
һʱ䣬һǧöƱȫյĽڳڴǰ
ĽݵһƱ˾һʮƱһʮƱĽݵһʮƱҶһʮƱʣµƱġ
ԶپʮƱԵƣռݵһ֮УƱࡣ
һ쵼һӴļкܴĹϵ쵼Ŀá
ʵߣҶĸף˵ҲҶεİ˾ˣôԹۡ
ۺϸԭյѡ˵ڶҲ顣
˾Ȼн˧֮ţϾû쵼ţĽݵЩСȻȣһЩ࣬ҶЩᣬԺлᡣ
Ȼû壬һЩ飬˾ǰҶͷ⸱λãĽݵΪܼңƹܺڡΪִϣƹáΪ˾Ϲ
Ȼѡˣ϶λãƾһˣԵôţҪǡ
ںڳԺ˯ҲҪ˹ĽݵõѡǰҲǼЩ鲢İ
Ըʺóϣκţٲã𵽼ලá
֮԰ҶΪᣬкܶ룬ĽУڻᣬʺ˷չ
ҶİţһֱͬΪûһ˿飬ǻҶֳɾɽ壬Ӧˡ
Щ˰µʱ䣬ų׽ҲγԼĹ
Դϵ͹Ǻܶ࣬ȫάַչ
Ҷ㻹ڿµ򣬲ϵ׳ˣµʱ䣬˷ӿҪˡ
ɸѡ֮ﵽ֮࣬ʼŻٶȡ
Ҳģڶˣһ࣬ͻңǸյ򣬻ϤǰұȽϤ½ЩˣȽĥϣҪһʱ䡣
ȳȹ֮ڴµĵӣĽǳںϽ
ػ󽨺֮󣬾ҶѾһ֮ˣһʱ䡣
󣬼˾ɽһܺɾ֣ҲķҶԴ
ƾɾͺķһǧöҶȻöôȥҲһʹΪˣҶǺľ˼
ˣûѡˣϰ˶棬ҵһյأһӣûµʱֵ˺Ⱦ졣
ʣûҶʲôˣи׹ҲУиҪԼ֮£֪ٶٱ
һγˣҶû֪ͨţҲ鷳ǣϴ½˺ܶǿУҶ㲻ݡ
ȻһдӼ򣬻ĵ˺ϣ˸ùϵ
رǺ¼壬һݴĺ͸ˣôֱʣҶ㶼û뵽
ҶֶҵˣдҪˡ
¼˹ںȾƵҶˡ
¼ʲô£
Ҷһ֮ƽѵдҪˡ
ǡ޽Ҫˡ
ϵľƣ¼һ֮ƽԼ
޽磬Ҷɢ⣬Ѿȥˣ޽һֱûϢҪ׼
忪ʲôӣ
ҶվԼľ翨ڰ˽ٵɺܾˣ޽磬ͻƾŽٵɣ뻹Ҫʱ䡣
ӦĩںܶţȥһǧöƣѾ׼׵ֻҪɽʹͿԿƣý޽ʸ񡣡
¼˼ǧ꣬޽翪ҲǺİ
֪ˣл¼ϧ֪
Ҷ㳯¼һȭʼգûʲôøУֻǰںӡ
ҾͲˣϣֶ׼
¼ʮʶȤҲ֪ҶЩų⣬ûжֱת뿪ԼŮȥˡ
¼뿪ֵ˶Ĭ
ܣȥɣʣӦѾϹͲõˡ
˸ճҶ㻹ЩģԼ뿪ǰ£ϾʵС
˵ĶԣȻûаɾ򣬵򣬳˺¼֮⣬û˿ԺˣǺ¼Լ
Ҳͬв˵ȷʵ֮١
Ҷз󣬰ȫȷʵû⡣
ϣҶ˸׵鷿ǰѹһĵҪļһʹ֪ѸƵλãǶԻǴ
ȿȡ
鷿ҶɿȼæЩϣûзҶ
ôˣôˡ
Ҷ㣬̷ĶҶʵ
·ƻţ˳ҲҪ̫ˣЩ飬ȥԼΪ
һ±ò˺ܶ࣬Ҷһʹ
ͱˣ˱һҪæҶҴĲ֪ôˡ
оԼæĽͷöҪ˻ûĳͣҪʱܻ۳Լĵ̣߳Ĺ
Ҷ˵ͷڴţδʹ½ûĽݵˣҲһɢɳԼҶһգԼȷʵЩʧְ
̫ˣȥϢɡ
һкͷûҶ㡣
ףҿҪ뿪һʱ䡣
Ÿ׻δ׽빤״̬ҶϽ˵ԼĿġ
Ҫ뿪
һԲһʱ䣬Ҫֿˣʵһһ𣬻һʱ󲿷ʱ䶼æµ
ǵģغҽˣұҪȥ
޽ҶŽٵΨһĻᣬҶ㲻
Ȼ£Ǿȥɣģڣ˾ڡ
Ҷ򣬶ӳˣΪĸȻϣһֱԼߣӦԼա
ףҲ̫ˣһ˳Ȼ
ҶóһЩԴڸϣֻǿʵʱ
˸ףҶĸ֪ҶҪ뿪ҶĸҶ§ڻһӶֿ
ʮ꣬ҶͽԺʼһ˻϶Ǿ࣬һ
ĸףİɣ֮һߣúõТ˳
ҶҲǺˣԼĸ׻߳һԴ޽һ˳úõԼĸ
ľˣ뿪ǣ
Ҷĸ˵ǣȻָǺµˣЩӣҶĸ̫ЦݣԼôĺ֪Ҷĸ֪㡣
ҲҳȥЩΣգǣж
ҶҲڿǣ״ǣǿ϶ˣҪǴϣΣգҶҲ¹˼ɲ
磬㲻ϼλ㣬֪϶ưոݣ
ʱŶ˽һֱҶĸ֪ҶҪ뿪ƤһЦŻı顣


1391 ʹ
ŶҲ绨ͣҶʱ򣬲ʮСŮʱ߰꣬Ѿͤͤ
ҲǰҶСŮˣģܰмơ
Ҵ뿪ϣұܡ
ҶЦһѵ֮£ֻ뿪
磬ͲǼ֮Ҳˡ
ŶҶһۣĶ뿪֮󣬿϶Ҷù
ȲôˣȻʱڸ
ǰҶ˼ɲô࣬ƣ϶ⲻһɱǻĶš
ԼѾΪʸ֮ģ˶ԼҪǴǣǸ׸
һֱڰ˱Уǣ졣
һҪұܣҪ𣬾͸ұˣҪ򲻵ѣҪң߻ħ
Ҷһ䣬ϣԼܣǱѾкˣиǱߣͳһھ
һϵ֮Գܴһԭ򣬶ΪҶ㣬ûҶСǰҡ
չأҲΪҶ㻹ھˣͲǰ£һá
ͨףĸŮ໥˵ͷΪҶ㿼ǵȫҲ˵ʲô
ֻҶĸȽϵģЩÿμҶ㣬ǴҴգһһΣʱҲ࣬æµ
磬ʲô뿪׼˭һߡ
ŶûмǳҶʵ
ҹߣֻˣһ
Ҷ˼һ£ǰӦÿһöƣȡ޽磬մﵽɾ
Сģ
Ҳ˵ʲôŶҶôЩ֪꣬Ҷıԣһ飬ģ˭ȰҲûã˳⡣
Ǳأᾡϻ
Ҷ֮ǰӵһԼĸף뿪˷䣬ֻʣҶĸŶˣҶĸĳҭ
ĸף粻µģõˡ
ҶûԶ̸۽ЩʪһᶨԼģֻǿʵػԼˡ
ಡ
Ҷ뿪ãӰ֮зȥʵ֮У۷壬ܷĵ
ˣҪȥ
뿪֮У˳Ҷָʾ·ߣһʱ֮һɽ֮ϣҶˣ˷׷

ҶԶ˵֡
޽Ҫˣ
һƺ޽Ҳ˽⣬뵽޽硣
û޽翪ڼǸһһöơ
ȻٸϵǷգϢ֪ģǧǰҲμӹ
ãڿԴչˡ
˱Ƚ˷ܣЩӸҶ󣬼ûչ¶ֵĻᣬڿԷſֽţơ
ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷԶܲһµദʮǢͶҶǾηмӣʼӣҶŨŨĵ⡣
κεطǿΪŷǿߣҲ⣬Ҷʵ
ˣΪҪȵε򣿡
֮Уӽɽ磬ǳңԶĴţҪᴩųںһޱȾ޴򣬲ܿڡ
һмεϣǻû뿪
ϴҶӦ޽翪ʱ򣬸һǰ
˭֪Լ͵ħ򣬴ԭ趨ļƻֻص½һһأʱ䡣
ûѯ̫࣬ĬĬĸҶ֮󣬽뵽ε
εֱڣϣü
һ֮󣬷ڳڼǰҶǷڵӣκֱ洫
óͨѶ֮ͨ¶Ц⡣
ֻǶȫˣҶôǷڵӣݸٶ̫˼ˡ
½Ǿ˵ں˵̫ϳϣڵεֱ˷ڵӡ
ˣ֪Ҷʲôȫˡ
ʵǻһ㣬ǰҶħˣ˿̵֣ĴˣָСѩľʵ
ʮʱ䣬ĵӰҶǰԪԼĴ
Ҷ˶ǰһһӵҶҲ͵˽ܸʶû飬ơ
ȻҶѣȻҲĸѣʮ˺ܿںϵһ
ʦܣٲǾҪ뿪ˣɽѾ䷢Ϣʮ֮󣬾ӣʱ䲻ˣѾţǰ
֮Уһ˿֣֮Уȴ峺һƬ֮ġ
øλʦ־õˣʱ䲻ˣȥ͸Ͻǰɡ
ڶҶж֮ҶһֱΣݼһ¹ףڡ
ã
ҶΪڵӣʵûиʲôһֱһš
ףҶ˵Ӵ񣬹ʮָˣõҶĵ֮󣬷£һ˸˽⣬һϵ
˵˫ĶлӮҶõڵõĵã˭ûʧ
ףһʮһźƺƵǰɳϣһ·֤ͣǵİȫ
˿̵ľˣҲһţرǻԺӣ߰Ůס˴ţѾ첻ҳˡ
磬磬ٲҶȥݹֵǲˡ
䣬κò׸ҶһɫһҲҶˣӻ֪Ҷڱչء
ұˣеĶǲҶټֻýĿˡ
ҶĽݴ磬һ֪ҶȥѾˣ˾Ƕﲻ˵Ҷ㵽չء
ðûиչذֻ˵ҪأǲҪ
ſߵ߰ŮΧ棬ᡣ
ǲţһ֪ȥ˵Ǿͽˡ
һһ䣬һҧ֪Ҷ㵽ȥ
ãǽһ䣬ıչˣǶ֪ôǣ˵ǲǡ
ʱĳ˵ϣǲҪڱԼˡ
ܺãǼȻ˵ǾʵʵĴ棬ʲôʱ˵ڳǡ
ϴУȻԺӷסˣ׼
ǣߣҾͲһֱôӲȥ
˵꣬һм뿪ˣԺ棬޷ȥ
ܰɸֵˡ
ڵϣʹ飬ض㣬̾Ϣֹһۣ¶ŨŨĿЦ
磬ǲܳܣǱһ꣬ҲܳȥϢǼգһʲộܻθܽ
ˣסһ꣬Ҳй¶Ҷǰ˺δ
ûֵˣ䲻ͬͬգͬ㣬ܳܡ
һᶨ֮ɫ


1392 
˻ָƽɵתҲǰңŽٵڣһЩС鷳ȫԽ
Һ¼壬Ҳ򣬰˷չһЩɵǰ¡
֮УҶ˲֪˶ã˾һϢˣͺȵǿ֮ˮ
ˣóɾָһ·֮ϣߵޱȼ
˷֮黹Ա޷ǧһε޽翪ˣҲһҫ
ĬĬػˣǴеĿģǰȫĽ͵ڵرգǰȫķ޽翪
ǻȡ޽Կ׵ʸ޽Ҫɽ翪ڣû
ĴǰһĿľ޽ʸ񣬼ҳ̶ȣ֪
ᴩʮ֮ڽһƬأƺǲɫģǱͿĨһ
һϼ⣬ңԶǿ֮ͶͬһƬɾֲïʢΨ﷨̣˺һֱ
һһؾͶʮ죬ϼҪȥ˭Ҳ뽫ʱ˷·ϡ
һ޴֮ϣ˿̣ҶҲöģ滷ֻһͨԽ롣
ҶǸϵʱѾ˾ۼڴˣʮ׳ۡ
߰ɣһɾĵطϢһ죬Ӧþ쿪
ϤĻѰһϢĵط
ΪıȽܶطռݣҪһʵĵطĲס
һʱʱ䣬ҵһϢʮ˸Ҫ£һȺ˹
ǹǿˡ
Ҷ˸ҪϢͱȴϣֻתӣҲվһȺʮˣһ¶ɷ֮ɫ
ȷֵģƾʲôøǡ
Щ˵ʮİǶϤѵ֮ˡ
ǹҽҵˡ
ĵĳ߼˵Ȼǹҵˣƽʱʱ򣬸ڴ½߶ǲǵĴڡ
ЩңЩʮ꣬ʮֲֿ߶ֻһ֪ǵĴڡ
Щң̻ЩţҪη֣ЩңǳأҪǣǸɽҲϵ
ʮǰңЩң˺ܶŵӣɽ磬֮еңҲǱܵΪɽ˲š
ʮ֪꣬˶˲ţֻ֪Щ˾磬ŸӦõ
ҶӹżУ֪֮УǱܶңйţһϲ߶˽̫١
ΪʮĴУһϵҲЩžηǵԭ
ͬȵ£ĵӣ޷ЩصĹϴᲢۡ
ǲպܶصϢϹʱĸţЩǴ޷յġ
ϸɽϵɽţǿһͿˣ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ЩţɼǴȱʧģǸɽûжϵܶԴϹʱڣѱЩռݡᡣֵֵ֮Ҫ١
丮ֻţ¼壬Ҳһһö
̸жٵ̣ȣѧӤ
Ȼ֪ǽҵˣ
ͷӳֻ۾üм䣬һֻۣʮֹ죬ǽҵ棬Ҳֻ۾ƾֻ۾ĳ񹦣˽ҡ
ҲǴü֮ö۾ŷֱǽҵˣһ
ȿģϣǴ»ط
ϣҵ˲Ҫ̫ţҾǿҲҵˡ
ӾͿطˣʱ䣬ϽȻݹǲ
ͷŭˣһԶ˷׷׳߿˹ҵ֮󣬶¶ֻı顣
ڹ֮Уǰһңڶңǽңʵ¡
ƣֻҪۿһۣһΪҲʮֿɲԻãδսʧܡ
ЩǴԣû˼ʶʩչۣǿţԺɨ·ţѹͲҪ۵
ɫ࣬УҲͷˣ쵱˵棬˺ȳ⣬²̨
֣㲻Ҫ̫
Ϊ֮ףȻã֮Уһ˿ŭ⣬ҪֹѾˣǵȻҵˡ
һ׷ڳܲ
Ҿ̫ˣǹȻһһǶ˵ء
ӻǰһ䣬Щҵӷ׷״Ц
Щˣƽʱʱ򶼱ڼ壬׼ҲǶһЩޣԳֵ֮Ұκ
ʮһۣ֪զ죬һٵʾ⣬طøǣڻﲻҡ
ɫѿҪ뿪ˣӶԺ㡣
Ͻɣﶪˡ
ԶŪŵӡ
ڲͬţҪ⵽ܶų⣬ûһֱΪڷ͵Ϯơ
Ȼ¹䣬һЩСˣɢҥԣ˵ھһɵţϲ͵Ϯ֡
󳰷ɫԽԽѿЩ̲סˣ׼Ҫ֣ΣҲﵽԼʺ
ܵĳҶ޶ãǶǣЩ̲סˣϹ壬ʲôңŲʮ꣬ӽ֮Զ
Զ壬ĴУֻףڵĺˣӽʮˣһǧ꣬ʮˡ
ף֮ǰѾ壬ʱ֮棬ѡʮˣԼƹأʱѾչʮꡣ
ʦܣǻ뿪ɣ
˼ίȫԸӲӲϾغڵˡ
Уǽ񣬵뿪
ǸƢˣһվ뿪д⣬׷ߵǰ棬ϣɢޱŨϢ֮ϡ
ʮأĹͬ࣬ɢһֵϣһǿѹ֮
ҶóһЩ繲񽿣Ҷóˮ񹲹׺ڵΪҲһǧ
󹷸ǿɲҶó˺µĻƽɳվɸһһ㣬ǿѹ֮ǰ
ٶƣҶȹһΣ˫ǰҶ˷֮壬Ҳٶȵļ¡
໥ӡ֤ӱ˴˵֮Уоϸڣ˫ٶٴҲ治١
ֻɳ豸ˮҶ㻹û޷ֻ̫Ǵ֮۵УҵһЩ֮ҲĪİ


1393 Ƴ
ͳ֮ΪȻûɾʵ֪˶١
һ֣Ҷ㶼ûʤ㣬Ǽˣǻ˶֣ǻϴμʥҶ㶼һëȻ
ףʥҶĿնɱ˲ħš
Щţһʵǳǿ˿ȹ϶٣̹޲
վҶǰʱ򣬽üͷһ壬Ǹܵһɻ֮Ϲʱڡ
ǳϣڳ˹֮⣬ûõǰˣ
رǻ֮ϣɢ޾Ļ棬һˣŨҵϢȥ
󹷵ѹȸУףЩüأ·һžɽǵǰ޷Խ
˭ǲ֮ˡ
ͷһȻգϢ˿кܶĲҵȻʲô档
Ĵ״Щұκ˶ӻϣ˲һϢϢǺƣҪǻҪ
˭ҪҪҵģ뿪
ɳĺˣȽºͣǺһ㣬꣬Ҳбʱ򣬿籩꣬ԴݻһС
ôĿҿ˭ǽǰԲѡ
ȻڵȴŵһһҪֵӣͲסϵձޱȽš
磬Ҳǵˡ
գۼĹ򣬽߳һСӣһͷ
˭Ҷ㣬վ
ӿһеĻ񣬻¼ϢһֱҶ
Ҷû뵽Լһֱû˵ԷôָյҪԼվ
ҶҲϤ֪Ҷ֣ԭģ˿̷׷תԴ߿˹
һοǻĴţ࣬ħ壬Լ壬нϣһöƣ޽硣
㲻ܱɽѡУܽ޽Ҳǲ磬ҲܴΪˡ
Ҷ֮ʹĴ򣬶Ҫһݣлˡ
ղռϢǹҶ֣Ӳʮֺ棬Ҷ˭ô䶯
ҾҶ㣬֪кָ̣
Ҷʮƽܲһ˿ܵĿ⣬ֵĺ侲
˵ͷʢҵ뿴к֮
´Ҷ㣬ǿʲôͬŰ˽ٵɣǲǸˡ
ǶԶﴫѵý˶ˡ
Ҷ㵭һЦû⣬Ҷ㻹ûеĿһеĳ̶ȡ
ԹȻм٣Ҳʵɷ֣ҽнԸһҿԷָһöƣ޽硣
ԱݣȻнҲ˵ݺܲһ㣬Ҳǽͷˡ
ͷʢԼߵһ͸ˣ൱ڽŶ˽¡
ϲ˶ߵһҲ˵վŵĶǹˣ
Ҷ¶һߣѽߵ˶˽ȥȻôϲߵǶǹ
󵨣㾹Ȼ˵ǹ
һνû˵Щ̲סˣҶǹ˭ܲŭ
úã
͵ʮֽҶû뵽ǰԵֱӷ˻ȥҵȫǹ泩
Ҷ㣬
ɫͻȻĿ£ɱɲϢܿռ䶼
ǹңϢ̫ͬǾŽٵɣྐྵȻ֮󣬹ҴСмõɽϢıǵʡ
ʱգҲ֪νţȣкܴĲ֮࣬䣬Խĺ蹵
ҿӦǣطҵģǲףʲô
Ҷ治죬ĲΣӦúаԵ
磬ٸϻˣһССϣȻҳԲѷǽңˡ
Ҷ߲ʮһˣϣҲʮˣһνҹӣ˶ʮˣеϣӿɲǣЩ϶ǰɾ
ݣȷʵЩֲκţ仢룬Ҳ⡣
˽ˣ⣬ǳͽǽҵ³ڴ˫ȣΪԺһ
·˵һͨڲͨ飬ҶȨԼ
ǣ磬һúõʶʶǽң˲ʶ࣬վﲻ֪ν
ӽ߳һ꣬һ࣬üģö۾ƺЩаɢȹ⡣
ԶЩֵ˷׷˶䣬˫ĿҪĿһ£һҶ㣬û紫ԵôڶҲǼʶһ¹ңкε̡
ĺûɲѾ˳߸
ԶҲһȺˣһ£վȺ֮Уһ㣬ȺһĿȻܿ
磬ԽԽˣĴңܸ֮£ҲأЩŴ̤ǿиһЩ
ȺĴ֮ףңһֻ˲μ޽翪ƣңʮˡ
ˣñֵˡ
Ϊ׵곤ÿĿǣ޳һҷȣƺԸ£ֻԶԶĿߡ
Ҷ֣ҳ֣ЩĿһе顣
Ҷ棬˲׼ƺˣǱ𲻱Ҫ鷳Ҷֳƺ
̲סҪҶ֣С飬ԼͿԶԸ
ˣ˼ָյҪҳ֣ܲȫ
Ҷ˰֣£Ҫ¡
ߵҶǰһ׺֮ɫһƳҶ˹ޱȡ
ž
һİˣ˶ûп壬ֻһӰһΣͳˡ
ȵӰֵʱҶ棬϶һӡ
û뵽ҵ˵ϲԼԼ⣬
ŽϵָӡҶЦе˵
Ҷ㣬
һŭĺУղԼһȥҶͻȻʧԭأ͸оһʹ֪ˡ
ǽһǰԵΪǽж˲𣬿ΪѾΪĴ֮ײɣ
Ҷ۽ƳһطҵҲˡ
Ĵң飬֮£һ룬ҾͻԤǺǰƶµĹء
ҶҪñӣýҵ²̨ҪǽĴĵĳ֣ҿ϶Թۡ
Ҫ˵˵ļҵĹϵ
ҲɵӣܱҶã֮飬ĴûκεĹϵ
˵˵ˣ㻹Լǹҵӵݣ۸СΪ˺۸ɡ
ҶЦĽ۴УһһƳҶ£һǺŭҪȸղſֹ


1394 
˭뵽ȳ֣ҶһɨУҶٶȼֱ˷˼ĸ߶ȡ
ֳٸ֣Ҷƶȴ֮٣ֻЩɾҶƶ
¾ŽٵҲ޷Ҷ㽫ٶںϵ˷һ𣬷
֣Ѿ޷ֹˣľƣɢϢһޣݺݵĳҶѹ
ң꣬һ֪ǵĴڡ
ӵ޾ԴӦСõõɽϢĴѰҲ
ҲʷǳĺãСõ˿Ԫǳ˵ĺü
ַĽ֯ڽ֮ϣܶ˶δţδⶼǽʱġ
ǽʱڣҲʮˣϹʱھʹڣм仹һԶʱڣйʱڣнʱڡ
޴ӡҶŲĿռ䣬Ҫ㣬һҶ㡣
ǲĺ˲𣿡
ҶͻȻЦһ˷Ҳһƣƽ棬ʲôƽ棬ȴǴĺ壬豹档
ܹչֳţҶһȣͻȻ𣬲ˣǰһ
ͬɽХƣ˲佫Ϣѹȥȫһȼ
¡
ֻоռһѵ궯Ŀ磬ܲϵƽǺˮһ㣬Ű
һЩͼľŽٵɣϵĺˣ޷ֿ꣬Ҷ㲻һˣһħ񣬶ص
дӡ
ѣһҶȻҪ򣬾ʹĶԷûκƢ
ȻԷһٵͱˣֻг׵Ļǣûκģȫµ棬ˣҲûʲô˲
ֻ˼ɣôţΪ˶Ӧþηǣʵǡ
ҪХȴɤӷ·һֻεĴָסˣ޷֮ϣǿѹ֮ԽԽǿʼ
ƣ
裬һ˽׵ӱƵ˷ϣʼû뵽ģҲȥ⡣
ʵͰǰ˽ٵɣĽѹƣ黹ԶԶûнҶϣ˸֯ƣܹ˷ŭ
ҹ
ףӡֱ˳ȥǶߵķһֱӵɳȥ޷Ҷһ֮
ɲƾδɢ磬ɽʯ䣬ֵѷ죬ޱǿƣΪ֮𺳡
رҶˣȫˣ£ԼʦܣʵҪǰǿһֹǾȻڰ˽ٵɡ
Ϊǲ֪Ҷʱ䣬˴ɾԪĴʮֹҲõٽһ
֮ϴ·ԽԽһжİ
֮ǰҶȫûںʱĥϣĸҶںϵһ
ǣ
洫ǵǹͷѹʮֲ̣һƣҶ㺬ŭûκαҪһֲ
ͨ
䵽˽ǰֱһʺأĻҳڵѪ
ҶһƻɣЩҵӷ׷¶ŭ֮ɫ׼Ҫһӵϡ
ס֣
ĳϳˣһȣЩҵӷ׷ͣסŲ
ϣСӴǽҵӣ¾ܾôˡ
һҵվʮŭȻʵǿģҲģҶһƻɣʲȥ
ۡ
û˵ʲôֻ˵һ䶪ۣ˿ҶѾˣҳһôĿȥҿ϶档
˵ĴҲ죬ǵòʧĴңøµĹأܴƽ⡣
ڽѾԤˣұ֣ҪǻҶҲͰˣڱ˻ܣֻȥ
ϣǲܾôˡ
̲סˣģڽˣ֣ܳԺ㡣
˵Ļ𡣡
һȣ˶ԴȻţϵĻҲ
Ĵңҹɭϣ̣ҲǣԳĻʮӣһ˿Υ
ǿнеŭȥݺݵĵһҶ㣬·ڸҶ㣬ûꡣ
СӣȻһʱ䣬ȵ޽磬һ
˵꣬תͷ뿪ٸҶ̡
ڽвҶֱӸˣֻ벻һңȻѾˣҪǲˣֻһһ
ˬ̵ģëʱǹһ֪
棬֣˶׷׸ͣȹϣŰ
Ҷ˵һ䣬ץʱϢ
ҶǶ·ҶƣץʱϢ⡣
ûϢ
ɳ豵˷׷
ʦܣû°ɣ
˹Ҷʵ
üλʦֵˡ
ҶҡҡͷһССĽвԼвԼӦǽֻҪǲһҶþ¡
ȺԼҲвˣҶ㲻þ£ֻǽ޽磬˵׼ˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôˣֻһһҶ֮Ҳ𽥴졣
򣬺ֻ֪ܶδˣȻ紫˵֮һǳǿ²ƺ
һʱգ۶ʮƽĴŻĶˣֻȴɽռƣõ޽ʸ
ʦܣҸокܶ಻Ŀ⣬һͣ˭Ҳ֪͵ʲôλãһ£֮󣬾˷ͻȻϣ취ơ
˹ղŸоܶ಻Ŀ⣬ҶǳĴ
ǷʥţԼԺҶ㶼նɱǵĵӣֻĿǰûа취ֶѡ
ҲˣǾ䡣
Ҷ۾ʶ͸ӦˣЩͶԼе⡣
ɫһƺǱ˺һһľ󿴵һ
ɽ磬ǿ쿴ɽˡ
˷󾪺̧ͷ濴ȥɽľڴҵǰ
Щһû̫ľȣֻЩһһοɽģ˷ܵ赸
һ׷ϣɽ磬Ѱ֮
ҲҪ˵̫磬ɽ翴ǰʵǳңԶɷ磬һ޷Խĺ蹵վɽǰ棬Ҳ޷ȥ
˴ŴɽȻǰɽͨȻûл̤롣
ߣһ죬һɽ硣
Ҳ¶ǿģֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ɽҲңɼ
ٷϻˣɽһϾҪˡ
ɽ򿪵ʱӣƣڵȺɽ֪ͨ޽硣
һ֮󣬶һ֮޽磬һҲࡣ


1395 
ɽ򿪣ҲԤʾ˷׷׳ƽȥںġ
ǳ֮˽ȥҲԵӵƾԼı£Ѱơ
˭Ҳ֪ƲںδҲڵ£Ҳϣпܷʯͷ棬һƾ
ҶҲûԥɵ֮ϣʣһεĽƽȫƽʱ޷롣
ͣ
һɫĹâ䵽֮ϣֵˣһѿһ޴Żֱ
ˣǿȥ
ΪǿԹκ˶֪ȽȻҲռݺܴƣҲ֮󣬾ܵõһöơ
˷ĳŻ֮Уڳײʱ򣬴֣ʱ䣬Ѫɡ
δвڴ˵أ֪ǧһεһʲô
Ҷûżȿֺӿ룬ȵϡٵʱ򣬲ųŻȥ
һжҪԼˣǧҪǿʤƣҸطĶ֮ٴοǳǡ
Ҷ㳯˵ϣǲҪǿʤôţȻǿ󣬵˫ȭѵ֣ͻȺǣҪĿƣȫĻų
İɣǲçײµġ
ˮ˱֤Ǽϣǧ䣬һ䣬ǣǧ˵彫ˣǵ
ɣ
Щף͵ˣʵ֮ϣΪζҶ˹һ˿ηʮֲ⡣
ţӦöаԣ˰ڲˣƺĸԸһҫ
Ҳһ䣬ʮһϵע֮£Ż֮С
Ҫһڣ䣬ͻᱻ˺ѣ˭Ҳ˼١
ҪƣĴ˽׸Žٵɼһʮ˶ˣһǰǺֵ׳ۡ
ǿ˺֮㽫Ҷ˺ѣԽܵ˺ѳ̶ԽǿҶ㲻ʮ꣬ô˺֮߰ʮģ˺֮ǿ
Ѿ˽ѪΪ̫ܵ˺֮Ҳˣ˸첲˺ˡ
һһƽеģһǧöƷɸһ
ֻʱ䣬ȫҵһʱƽᵯͿ˭бˡ
Ҳ˵ʱҵãҲָֻһʱЩδҵƣһ𵯳Ҳһö
ǧǰͳֹ׳ۣһöƣ޷ҵһʱ屬嵽֮ϡ
ʱǧһ˺üǧ˱̤ȥˣֻһһų
֪һֵΣжԶ
˺֮ʧҶ˵ϣܶï֣ܵһߣ޷ֱ
һʱ䣬ҶͨѶжȡϵ
ͨѶźŷȥˣȴûлظƸصĿռкܴĹϵռޱȼ̣źŴȥ
һֿܣɽˣǲϵĻᣬһһ𣬶Щ֮˾ͷǳƽ
ʶɨȥҶ˵ͷˣʶֻɢԲʮףѰƵѶȡ
棬ʶͷųȥҲмףҲ˵ⷽԲףֻ϶ܷ
ֻͷųȥʮңֻһѰңϣҵڡ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ƴںδһжƾ
ɳɳ
ǰ治Զɳɳ·ʮСġ
ҶһԾһϣ棬һӣʮСģĴڲʲô
ŴһҲ߹һӣƺʶƬ֮Уһ壬˾Ȼ֮ɣսһ
磬ôеͨ𣿡
ȽݵЩɣõķʽܲеͨ
ûϽǵžͿõһöƣ˭ֻҪ֮Уֻ׸òƣնɱҲܻòٱֵܶʵóȻȥѰңҵƣҲ޷Ա
ֵһ֮ɫķʽⷽԲףһ޴塣
ַȻһЩȷãƣǡɵ֮Уǳȫ˵š
ǵʵȥѰƣãһöҲѱȫ϶֣Բá
Ҷ㿴һۣ׼뿪ö¡
Ǻܿͣס˽ŲΪ˲õ֮һɶ񺮴ĵð
ǾȻ񶾵ĸʬ󣬻дЩа˹õļȻʹˡ
ʬøа֮ڵ֮ϣֻҪմһ㣬ͻḯãЩʬĳӣܳһ
ֵΪ˽죬ı˼꣬һͿʼıˡ
ⴺŻŮ룬һֻþƴ岻ԼƣŮˣǱֵܶ˰ڲ
壬Ҳ޷ȫˣһ˭óȻ룬
й񽿣ŮӣҪ󷨣ˣ裬Ҷ޷񽻴
Ҷ㲻Ǵ֮ˣˣ˵ĵ߻еģǱɱҶֻǱҪ⵽Сݺˡ
ҲһЩĵ֮С֣֮һֱ
ҶҲ֮УһŲ˾ͻᷢ
ɳɳ
ҶҶɳɳ׷ײص˰
ˣ
ֵܶ໥һкĵȴû뵽ղú󷨣˿ˡ
˲ڰҶ¶аЦ󷨾סԼֱǳ˵Ρ

˴ӰҶģһۣ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫҶòѱҼ
תһ룬۽¶һ˿Ц⣬ҶôһкܶܣܵõǿԻҶϵı
紫ԣҶǽս㣬ɵɾЩһ㲻޽Ҳֵˡ
վס
ֵܶϬһ˳վ֮⣬Ҷ֮ȻЩɵ֣Ҳ򶨡
˭ΪҪסҵȥ·
Ҷûʲô飬ȻԷ龡۵ףһ䡣
Ҷ㣬·㲻ߣŴȻԼֵͼıˣû뵽Ĵ򶥼ţС
ݵ¶һŴһֻ޴ǵĹкܴԭ
ԩ޳ΪҪɱң
Ҷ˫ֱأЩףΪһҪɱԼ
ϻ˵ս㣬ʵȻԼ֮УԹֵˡ
ݵøҶㆪ£ֵܶʹһɫͻȻһ뵽˵£ţԴڵ£ʮֹ졣


1396 
ţλε
Ų󣬵ҲСӣ䲻ܸһʮ˱⣬Ҳж֮
ĵطһڵ£ϲ͵רϴһЩŲڵ£֮ܶȡ
Ϊǳӣȴ޿κΣ޷ȫ
˶Եʮʹޣܶ壬ʧ֪ǵΪκû֤ݣֻɵźΪ
˺ȻҲǵžӢϢľͳ£׼͵ϮҶ㡣
ڵϣҲҶĶ֣ڵ£аսҶܣһ󷨰
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷܳѷ죬ͻȻȣ׹
ӽɽ磬޷Уһ£ֻ˵Ȧ֮С
ڵ£һô壬ҪҶݽȥͻȻ͵Ϯ
䣡
ҶͻȻһѹǺˣҶ㻹ʹ֮
޴ӡڵϣһƵӵ´˳ܲסǿѹ
㡭㾹ȻܷС
ҶԷУֵܶЩţõҶ˵ѹûá
𣿡ҶһЦ⣬ʹ֮ʹã֪ҲǺܶࡣ
磬󷨡
ȻҶܷУ½ܽˣֻܿ󷨣Ҷ֮Уʹøʬ
ֵûκԥӡ󷨣һϢҶ
ܷУҲʬζʮš
СҲҳۡ
Ҷһߣһɿ񱩵ϢϱʮֿɲҶ֮У¶ɺ֮ɫ·ħ񼴽

һ޴ĽɫˣֱֵܶԭأЩʬ޷Ҷ㣬ڴ֮С

ݵͻȻһҽУʬʼʴ壬ǲõģȴ벻ʬԼϡ
̷ҩ
ֵӴһҶǿֻ֪޷뵽ǿ󵽿һеĵزŽٵɣ޷ǰɾ֡
ûлˣ
ҶĮ飬иˣһնֱӻ䡣
꣡
ķѣиֱӷֽ⣬Ĳ˭ǽҶϡ
֮Ҷ㽫︯ʬȥΪһǣʧԭأʼѰơ
Զ򶷵ûƣһǱڵӣ֮󣬿϶֣ΪԷӵơ
ʱޣӶ᲻Ϊһֺð취Դơ
Сʱ䣬Ҷһöûҵȥûʲô̫ˡ
棬һ޴ľڳˣʾ֣˭ƣӡǡ
֮ϣѾ㣬֤˳ɹõơ
ҲĴ֮ףһõƵ֮ˡ
һЩųϣʱֻʵʵĴ棬ҵ˵õƣ¶Ӧı顣
ǰǧǰƵõľĴң½ˡ
ôЩ귢չĴңѾһ׳Ѱ֮˸ö֪
վһ֮ϣȥˣҶܲſڵϣһѰңʱ䣬Ҳ޷ÿһء
ۣ֮ϣ㲻Ҫʧ
Ҷ֮ԣܲҵһЩ
ɵ˸߿֮ϣ棬üһ֮ͷŵľԽԽԶüڿȫ
һεĲԶ۵ףҶϸϸѰңϣҵһЩ˿
ףǱߵϢƺЩͬ
֮۲ɨ䣬Ҷ㶼ѰҲ֮ͬЩطƺֲһϢϢڷ硣
ЩϢͬĵطȫס߸ɢԲʮĵط
ͻȻһԾľ֮⣬пҶ֮Ҷ˳Ϣһ㿿
վһǰóһذףڴɲλһ¶һȱڣһöīɫƳҶǰ
Ȼˣ
Ҷﷺˣû뵽֮ĿԿƲںδǹϢɽµġ
֮֮ɽϢʮУ̽⵽ҲΪ档
ûκԥҶ㳯˹ȥղЩصμģͬķҶڵ£ʯ棬пҶ棬ҵöơ
̶һʱҶѾҵöˣĻŭš
˵һöԣҶ㲻ͬҪԴܵõƣȥ֮󣬿Է
һǷޱ¥öƣҶҪֳŵ
֮⣬ٴγ˱仯һڼٵղŻûλã˲ܵ˵һ
Ҷ㣬Сӣôһӻöơ
˷󾪺ԹһԵõ˶ʮöƣԴԺ󣬾˳¼
Ҷղһöûõ̶һʱ͵õö̫߼ɽ粻ܽöƷһ
̫ˣСкܶ˵Ķɽ簲ŵģ϶١
һʥ֮Щߺޣȴ޿κΡ
ųԼ峤۷׷ף󲿷ֻⶼҶ㣬ҶԽˡ
ղڵһһţַ壬öڵһգۼĹҶöƳ
ڵңҲҾţöƽַ档
ĵǽֻһöƣһѣһöƣѾһٶöˡ
ܶ˵õһö֮󣬷׷׶ʱ䣬򿪣ֱ뿪ǡ
Բʮȫȡ֮Ҷٴηɵ˿Уۣ֮ɨܣһν
ʮɽϢҶ㲶׽ˣɫδҶ㻯Ϊһ⣬嵽һһģѿһ϶һöīɫƷ˳
˿̵ѷˣҶڷٵһʱ䣬õʮöƣңңȣڵڶַ岻ö
һҵô࣬ܶ˿ʼɣҶϿ϶вɸ˵ܣ׼ȷҵڡ
ϣж˺Ȼ˺ܶ࣬һѰҲ㣬ʶͷųȥޣһΣգ͵Ϯòʧ
󲿷˶ѡϢȵʱ򣬼Ѱҡ
ҲвˣרҹϢԵʱȻ͵Ϯ澧֮ϣܿȥһˣ˿ʧˡ
ղŻ˵õһöƣת֮˶ߣɱ
һε¾ڵҹȻУҶվھ֮ϣۣ߲֮谭ܶпɱҶ޶ԣδֹ
˲ңҲˣҶ㲻٣в۵ԼҶҲ
Сӣƣ㲻
Ȼ䣬ȻûпҶɫڵҹֻǿһӰһˣ׼ɱ֡
Ҳأ
Ҷתӣһ˵ĺâֱķ
Ҷ㣬ǿˡ
˴һɷ˵ֱߣȻĿҶ㡣
ɣ
ȻˣҶ뿪Ⱪ©Լ١


1397 ¶
Ҷ㲻£ҲΪʸ֮ġ
ĿⶢԼңиţҪ֪Լ٣϶֣ܶǰΧɱԼ
ҶǼ˻ϣһȻھ£ǰСΪ
ܽߣ໥֮ǳ֮СҶǧо̸Խս
˰Χ֮£лһΧҶһҲǲѷɡ
Ϊ˰ȫҶҪԼ٣˻ϡ
ϴħΧҶֻƣӦ֪˺ڣԽսֻԽԽѣԼͻƵŽٵɡ
Ҷ¶ɱ⣬ɫ䣬ҪӦˣɫֱ£ҶҪսپ
ֵ⽻֯һҶֲһ
Ҫ
׵еһ˷һҽУиֱӷָ롣
ʣ¶ˣŵûɢһʼ׼ӭս˵ΪҶ⣬˲ôҡ
ҶҪɱˣҲҪһֶΣ޷һɱˣҪ˶Ҷмɵ֮ģҪߣŸҶɱĻᡣ
һӣκ鶼ηηβҲ⣬һʼ˵ӣﻹ˼ӭս
֮
ʣһҪߣһڵˣƯ֮ϣɢޱŨ֮ʮֿɲ
ִӵϢŵ÷ĲҽУڵҹԶԶ
˭Ҳ֪߷ʲô飬ҽһлָƽ
նɱ֮ҶüͷԽԽܶ˶ҵͬڵӣڻûм˵Ӱӡ
ȥҲǰ취Χ
һΣҶʧԭأò˶ãͻᱻ˷֡
ȻҶʧãʮӰŵʬ壬׷üͷȻһ
ÿɲֶΣһնɱˣҲаɾʵ
Ʋ⣬նɱˣһˣ֪Ҳָ
᲻ǹҵˣƲ⣬ֻйңܴﵽɾ
ҲδأҲʮǰͶµĹأǲԸƻƽ⣬̫ţܶ඼ǳչزʵû֪
Ҳ˲²⣬ǹҵˣ֮֮һ㣬಻ʤ
Ҳ²ˣɫˣڶӼҡ
³˭նɱкãѾʧˣڵĿģǸϽҵơ
һҹʱ䣬ڽ֮жȹƵģϣȫĶȹ죬ûƵģǷӶᣬɱ
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һƣһѷĳȥһǧöƣҪһƽʮ˲һö
һкܶ˵õöʮöҲ˵õƵģˡ
Ҷɵ֮ϣۣ֮ɨһȦмϤϢˣֻöŵıȽ٣Ѿҵ˼ö
һյʱ䣬Ҷ㽫öУ˿̵棬ַˣҶѾͻ˺üļ¼Ҫӽʮöˡ
ϣͱΧˮйͨϣǰùϵʱԴӷﹺƣ޽硣
ڶǼңѾһǧƵҲٶöҶһ˾ʮöˡ
Ƶ콫ԾʽƻֳʱӼҡ
ľϣҶ֣ʮĿңңȣַڶҲҵöƣʱʮöƽ
ʮööģһö壬滹кܶţööһöҲһٶ˵õ
Ҳ˵нӽǧûеõƣһ죬ΨһĻᣬڵòƣʧȥᡣ
һʱ䣬Ҷ뾡һа취ϵѶ̫ˣҶ㶼˵ʱ䣬Էɱÿһ䡣
ڶҹǲƽɱݣһҽУڵҹﻮƳա
ҶվһïܵĴϣۣ֮һ˿ʧԭء
٣һ죬˶˫ۣ˾ɱûƣɱ˵
ܶŵҲ׷׻۵һ齨ӴĶ飬Ѿ˺ܶƴ
űʬ壬Ҷ̾ϢһûжɵУۣ֮һη˶ʮöƲںδ
ΪһǣҶٶȣʼռƣ崩ڵ棬ֻһӰʧ
Ǳ˵õˡ
Ҷʧã洫һõƵʱ򣬱˿һ
ʱ䣬׷׳Ҷ۹׼ơ
û׷ϵЩˣѰʮöƣһʱȫ֮ȡռ̣Ҷһյʱɡ
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Ҷ㣬콻ƣ㲻
ʮ˽ҶΧˣ϶ţôˣǾţҶ㡣
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Ҷ㣬֪ǿ󣬵ʮˣƾһˣ޷ߣһи˳ӿȰ㻹ǹԹԵؽƣǿԷһ·
ʥһ洫¶ЦݣҶ㽻ơ
ϻ˵ҪƵģܷ
ҶøǼȥҪҵǲУһ죬Ҳҵһ졣
һϣɱħͷڹϷơ
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ͬһɸҶʮŽٵɣʵֲɾҪ˱ᣬοҶ㲻˽ٵɡ
ԼԹˡ
ҶϣɱⰻȻ˱ˣǰΪˣҶ㲻ôãһѣˡ
С֮⣬ҶԺ޼ɵʩչ֮
޴ĸƯ˿УһɱɽХ֣ܷ·ܲס֮濪ʼһ뿪
ǿѹЩжٶȴܵԼ͸Ҷˡ
ɱ
ֳɱ¾֮ͬһ㣬Ҷ˶͵ٶȣ֮ʩչ˼£ЩҶӰӶ׽
ͣ
һʵͷ­Ҷһ˲ӣʺѪҺʮ֮ߡ
ûиѹҶ㲻ɵնɱҲҶΪҪֵԭȴһֲǵսĺ


1398 ɲ
ʮˣԸɣ似ͬҲ£ܶ似໥ͻҶɲ˶ѹ
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Ҳ͸ҶĻᣬҶ㼸ƴʽ似ʩչ˼£ȫûκα

и
һһУǻҵʱҶնɱһһѾʮʬ壬ڲϵİ
ѹ˶ѾӦҶս׷γ˺ΧȦҶûлˡ
㹥һͻ˲䷴Ҷɱˣǳ֮ѡ
ҶĿѾﵽˣնɱһһҲ֪ԼʵΣҪŽٵˡ
һУЩ˴ָҶ֮֡
Щ˶Ǹŵţϱ϶ܶ࣬Ҷ㲻
ʶһɨָҵöơ
˵ʲôãƣҪҵġ
Ҷ㿴öƣһ˿ŪƺܶƣҲϸͬ飬⵽ͬ졣
ȻҶ˵ʮ໥һۣϣܿʲôЩ֮У϶Ҳϻơ
ҶϵĵòԴߵ֣Ҳһö
ʲôѰ֮ˣʲô֮飬ֵ֮壬֮꣬һжǳ
ֻõƣʸ޽磬лõɽϿɣȻܣ޽һ£Ҳʵǵ۷塣
а꣬ɽ磬ǺѣԴҵĿⶼķ˱仯ϣߵϻá
ɹ߽ǵˣҶ˱ֱӼʹ֮ɵУʧԭء
Ҷߣûм׷ϣҶܷУ׷׷ˣֻϣʵСһЩơ
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һ֣ǣ˵ģΪöˣ˵ĶҶõ֮һǶôֲ
һ֮õöƣôġ
˽ȥҲ޷ƷɢܣҶ֪ںδֱȥȡѰңܡ
ҶöƵϢҲԽԽ֪׷׼뵽ΧҶУֻҪնɱҶ㣬ֵܷƣܱȵȥѰҿĶࡣ
𣡡
Զһŭ𣬰죬Ƭֶȼˣʩչ˻Ԫء

Ҷüһ֮۸ӦʲôϢѵΣ
ûκͣȡƣҶ㳯˹ȥ
֮ϣһƬǽ壬ʮڷսһسѳ忪ʮ˵ķ
ҼӰҶߵˣ׽Ϳơ
Щ޷Ҷ㣬ȻҶߵ⣬һǻܣƣֱǿɶ
ϣѾֺܶ˺ۣѪ죬ɫɢĻ潫涼ˡ
СӣˣҪɱ㣬һʬ壬ǹԹԵ־ܰɡ
ʮΧһˣȻǿҲֲʮˣǵĿĺܼ򵥣ǻܻвҶ㣬ƣĿ
̵ģҪвҶ֣룬սҲ׽ҡ
ĨȥǵѪսԽԽǿʶҶ㣬õϿɣѾ޺
һȣٴγ˳ȥĴ򷨣׼ƴһһҲǵóѡ
ŻƣҶ֮ϣɢɱ⣬Ҷûзŭ
ǰؾƼҵвԼҶȫնɱҶԼߵˣвԼ
ЩˣҪԼߵˣԼԼڻȡƣֱɵֶΣҶڰͲסɱ⡣
˱ֱ֣ϿգʮȫѹΪһǿ⣬ֱӳȥ
ʽ
Ҷŭˣǳŭʩչ߱ʽһħ٣ֳʼ
꣡
һ߻δӦͱҶһ룬˭뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼһֲ
ãҶˣ
ʱҲŷӦҶ㷢ײΧߵˣ϶Źǡ
ͳͳҪ
Ҷ˫ɺ죬ħɢħϴλص½Ҷ㽫ϴ壬ʼԪӤ֮ںһľľ磬ѴﵽŽٵɡ
񣬸ɱ
߱ʽſԾʩչϣһɾɱ¾֮
ղѡߣҶ֪ʮΧȻҲѽ֮ȫնɱˣսپ
ڲͬЩҪûвԼҶĵߣҪȫնɱ
׶ߣֱ۶г˴ȴ֣ɱѾΪһ壬ֱ֮ϣͻȻһ޴ӡ
ֻϢò˴ʧɫһˣ޷ҶϣȻӰһֲĶħʼ档
ħ֮棬ڻȪǰ棬ֻǻȪۣһ񻰣ħϵһ
߱ʽһһУʮŵûɢҪߣѾˡ
һˣҲߵĻᣬˣҶ㣬񣬻л
Χս˲䷢˱仯Ҷڰ˱ĸ֮£ʩչǧֻؽ棬֮ˡ
ڵոһʻҶնɱ
ʮֿɲѱѪǣЩ˳ȥһ쵱֮Уǳ֮ʢȴҶ


1399 Χɱ
ɱ񣬻ͳ־֮ɫҶʶҲмʱˣʹûмʶҶĵ
ÿһսҶ㶼̫ľϲƺҶʵÿ춼ڷ仯
һθǸޱ𺳵߱ʽֱϢԻأοࡣ
һʽûв֮ǰʽƵնÿһʽǧ
֣ûлķģûе⣬ķʽѹ֡
ղŻʮˣգۼĹֻʣڿһҶ㻹ʶȻޱ¥ˡ
Ҷ㣬ˣҪڴˣǴˣʶʦķϣǰɡ
ޱ¥ĵӸҶйһ֮Եʶ˫ûʲô
ǣ
ղǺĹҶ˵ָָ꣬˵Ļ
Уٸ׽ޱ¥ǿ橵ӣɱȥȺαӵ׳˺
Ȼޱ¥Լо֮ӽｫԼ£ɱ֮𣬽϶ưոݣҪôԼߣҶڻޱ¥
ûнҶ㰲ȫͳȥΪնɱ˽ףӹȥֱӽ͵ħҶһ˳׿αӡ
ǿ橸칬ϣҶһưոݣǰӣȻԼ׽Ҷ㷴öġ
Ҷһŭı飬ʣ¼ŵһ£һݣȻӳö׼ߡ
гģȼ϶ڿ̻ĺãͼκεҶ㡣
һУöɵҶָһ㣬˳ȥ
䣡
ֱըʣֱӱըˣһ䣬޸ն£屻߽⡣
ˣҶ㳯˹ȥҡҡ׹ܵ˼˺
û°ɣϽ̷ȥ
Ҷóһö˵ҩڵȥº֢
ˣʱǱҪȥȶ͵ˣҲסˣʮǿΧҪ׽Ǽ
Ƿɢ֮󣬲˳ǱסˣǼûôˣһϿ֮С
ߣ
͵ҲסˣЩҪԼߵˣȡƣҶϵɱԽԽŨӽʵʡ
Ҷֱӷɵ˿Уи·̫ˣȵǸϵˣ͵ѳΪ˵Ľ
Ҷ׵˫ᣬѾ޷ݴ˿̵ˣҶ̫ˡ
һյʱ䣬ǰȷһϿȣһ޴ٲٲܣвӰζٲмλãһɽǾͱɽ֮С
ҪҲôףҪߣҲǲܣ˫͵ѾҲʣ˺ǳ֮
ͣǸô졣
ɳ豳üеطһϣȴû뵽⵽ЩŷĴ
ȣ
ҲмˣղŴ˳һսǶ⵽˳СС˲˺ۡ
ʲôֻҪڣǾͲ
񽿱黹򶨣ҲνˣȻΪĴˣʱпɥ
ˣҲʹѡеһǾ׼
ûһ׷ЧսҲܱǻ׽
ˮն˵սҲЭ
˵úãҲǻܡ
ʹЦֺλк棬ɷ̽ģ͵Сˡ
ٲΧ۵ԽԽ࣬󲿷ֶǳŻ׽ǼģֻҪ׽һܻһöƣ飬˭
ҶƯ֮ϣĳһԶ͵ʮ⡣
սҲЭҶҪѡеˣ̰ҶһԷϳǵݡ
ಣ
Ҷ㸩ȥֱٲλãһڣ˳͵׼ӭս
ס֣ң
Ҷٲɽ֮УͼϣѪرǴ󹷣һֱ۶Ҫˡ
󹷴ǲҪȫǲɱ̬һУߺ߶ûС
Ҷ¶ЦݣֻҪڣǾͲᵣġ
μˡ
һҶ񣬾Ҷʥҩ޸ȫָ
Ͻҩ¡
Ҷóöҩɵóҩ飬ڴ󹷵Ķϱϡ
˿Լٶϣ󹷱ǺĴˣ棬к֮޸졣
ȥţȡʱ䣬Ǿϡ
ҶԸһ䣬ߵڣ˳
ҶǼָ壬ʮʱȥˣɫ𽥺ת
ĹҲˣһ˳׼ǿˣںȥ
䡭
ڴ˽սһ𣬴ʮּҡ
ˣ㲻ðˣû¡
Ҷڵ޸͵ǿվϣҶ㡣
Ƕ£
ҶһȣǶ£ˣ޷ȥҪָ塣
ȥ
Ҷ񣬼뵽ս֮Уܿ죬սַ˱仯Щ˿֮󣬷׷ױɫ
չ¶ʵ߸˺ܶ˵֪Ȱɾ̫ǿˡ
رľ޸ȴҪҪǿһǻء
ǲϲҶͽɱĳ̶ȣܹ˲ϣҶ׼ɱ˳㽫˱Ҳһ顣
ڰ˱ƷҶҪƷкԶһ·
ãҶˣ˳ȥ
˳֮УһɨҶУС
գۼĹ򣬸ղų˷׷ߣص˵ϣʼ顣
ٲʮΧ棬˭Ҳ뿪ҶϿкܶƣǳĶ࣬㹻Щ˷ˡ
͵Ϯߣǻָڳʱ䣬ҶֱӴ͵֮ţ񱩵ɽϢ¡
￿ɽ磬ɽ֮Ŵ֮󣬴ɽֱ֮ӹ䵽棬ǵ˲ָ
ҶҲˣս˲Ԫڵõ֮Уٴγӯ
˷׷վֱۻָûκκ֢УҪйеķŭ
׼𣿡
˻ص˶֮УսһţȺҶָʾ
׼ˣ
һ𷢳ŭɽʯ䣬ԶԶ
ãҳȥһս
Ҷʮ⣬սⰻȻ˿̲սǣ÷йʱ򣬱Ҫй
赽˳̶ȣ÷ˣɱҪ׼ܱɱζ
ʮΣʮΣҲҪɱһѪ·
һԾ£ᴩٲ䵽˵֮ϣΧʮˣһϢǳǿ󣬲δ뿪Ҷ֣Ҳûнߡ
ʮˣһУһйҵˣҪʶһ£Ҷ㵽кͣʮ˵׷ɱ


1400 ֲɱ¾
Ҷֵһ̣ʮԶγһΧȦҶ˽ԭأ뿪
Ҷ㣬·㲻ߣ㴳Ȼˣƣǿһ
ν˶൨󣬾ʮˣȻҶ˶ôǿҲȫˡ

Ҷֻ˵ĸ֣˭ȥ··һ
ڤ粻飡
Ҷţ̲סˣ׷Ҫ֣Ҷնɱơ
ʮʱ䣬ܼܲʥ
ʮˣˣҶûԴ󵽿ȥ磬Ȼʹ֮˿ϷѾ˷סˡ
ţӵз£ȻܳʱУ̾뻹ǿԵģƯ֮ϣҶߡ
ʮ㹻ˣ
ʥ֮򲻵ѣǧʩչΪʩչ֮ˣʧһ̣һľԪ
˿ûκԥֱӸҶһ׼ȷʱ䣬ϴʩչʥնɱöţţһʩչǻء
ãǿʼɣ
Ҷҳֱɱ˳ȥˣҲһֵ߽֣ӡ˭Ҳ
ʮһҶǿѹÿһγᱻѹ˵ߣŲһܼѡ
Ҷ㶼Ĵ˻ҶĿĲߣǸǼڳʱ䡣
˲ϵĳӡԽԽ죬֮ϣƺڷһЩ仯û⣬󲿷˵ĿҶ㣬Զ˵ĳ޶ԡ
ֻҪסҶ㣬Σӵ뷨϶ֹһˣʮ֮У󲿷˶ˡ
Ҷ񣬲Եĳرйҵĸֲ룬Ҷǰһƣ󱳱һȭɨУһѪ
Ҳǿѹ£ɢڵħͬӵ֮߳һħɢϢ
ʮһζҶһ£Լֻܼʮھãͻᱻǳû
ۣ
һƣҶɣһߣԶûлߡ
Ҷ㣬־ܰɣûлߡ
·ţ׷¶Ц⣬ǶôϣҶϵҫԼϣҶϵƣǵõڿʵˡ
ҫ۵ţǶôҫһ飬ܶѾ뵽Ҷһͻᱻǲڽ£衣
ȿȡ
Ҷ㷢ɿÿһ£һѪ飬֪ղΪʮʱ䣬Ҷ㸶˶١
Ҫǿƣһغ
ħű䵽һֱ޷ٽһƵõ˾Žٵɣлֻر䡣
һֻر䣬ˣڷ磬޵֣˳ҶҲκˡ
ϧһ磬Ҫͻƣ֮ѣķ򣬸޷ҶΨһĿ꣬ǽ޽磬ӽɽ磬лͻơ

ҶѾƣѾûжսˣʮһΧҶ뵽˾
ڴʱһ֣ҶȼϣʮΧûҵ˻ᣬһжҶĹͣɹǣʮˡ
һһĻ֣Уȫ֪ʲô飬Ȼ֮䣬ӹĻϷһ׹⣬һ
䣡
ţʩչʥҪħ֪ǿٱ
¡֣һֱӱըɣΪ⡣
ͻһĻ˴ʧɫ˭뵽˾Ȼ齨ôһĶ
ĻҲ岻ȥĻĹԽԽֻ࣬ҪУ϶ȫʬ
ˣ
Щ֮Уйҵˣһ۾ϳǺĽ֮һʩչع
ˣ֮Яܿ⡣
סоһǹҵĵӣܵ٣һ䣬ϣɢһʮֹϢǰһڵĶڣֱ˽ȥʧ
ҵĵˣҶ㶼¶֮ɫʲôֶΣܴʥ֮ߡ
ûôˣʱ޿̶ڳ֡
ûбסˣӵԶҿסʮˣڿ϶̶̼ʱ䣬ʮˡ
ʮأϵԪڼٵʧֲ֧˶á
ʥסǵĻᣬҶóöɾ񱩵Ԫӿ뵽֮У˵ĵطڼϡ
ݽߵĵǳӯ˲ָɾҪɽ֮Ҫ񣬰Ҷڼ̵ʱ֮ڣȫָ
Ҷȫָûбסʮˣŵûɢӳ˵أڶҶһģǹ׵Ĺ
ָ֮Ҷӡһֳ֣ص֣ҫ
뵽ǾȫָٴμǿʥٶȣҲøǿֲһʱ䣬˺üˡ
ɱٶȣ˵ǣҶ㿴ŶֲԼʵ㹻ǿˣҲ˿նɱ࣬졣
౾һп壬ΪԴԲϧһдۣļ̤
ֻʣʮڿ֧ţԭΪߣ˭֪Ҷ֣߽ǵģĻͻȻޱȿ񱩣£ǵϡ
ôܸ춷ǵ֮Խ༫ޣͬھȴҶתˡ
Ҷ㣬ǴˣҪɱǣǷģڴ⡣
û˿ʼģϣҶܷŹǣǺˣЩ֮УѾӵƵģֻǸŴһϣơ
ںˣϧãҶޱϲû
лǣĵҲԼǻķŹԼ
Ҷ˺ܶ飬ÿεĴ𰸶ᣬЩ˾ŹԼ᲻ϵ裬ڽ£衣
һ£ղĵķѣûҷҲΪ
Ļ֮Уֻʣˣϵ⣬ʲô⾰ʮˣΧնɱҪǴȥҪ䶯һ
ϢסˣҵĵˣϢһᴫȥҲԤϢȥҪһʱ䡣
¶֮ɫĵûˣϢĽŲԽԽ
¡
£һʣֱӹڵأǶžţôŭ
ͱһɱ㱻ǻ׽ŭйƽǵ顣
飡
ͬһһһǸŮӣҲޱ¥ˣ֮Уڡ
ûǣԼ·ҪԼȥе
ɣ
һ𷢳һˮͰϸĹֱӽŮû屻ˣʧһɶ
һһƨ˵ϣֻʣ°ˡ
ûʱ䶺Ҷ㽫ս˰˱֮Уֱ뿪ԭء
Щ˼Ȼ뵽˻׽͵ˣ϶Ҳ뵽׽ˡ
ʱҶûʱϢֱӳ˳ȥͨѶлˡ


1401 
еĴָҶֱӷϿȡ
ΪͨѶյ˺üϢǼ˷ģͬ飬׷ɱ
Żǣʮζֹˣɱǣ𲻵вҶãֻлţܻȡơ
Ҿ֮ھҪˣһʱƽᵯŻδʱһöס
ɱûм٣ʢҶ㳯źŴɱȥĴģ˿ΧѾһϢٲϵҪ˻׽
Ϊһǣٶȴ˼£Ҷһη֣绹ģӦǹ⣬Ҷ㻹δԽ١
٣ٶȣ׷ļޣ½Ҷͻƹ٣﷨̣ܴﵽ٣ѾǼˡ
ڼ֮䣬ҶͿǰսĴѪһ衣
ǻɱҰɣҵȥвҶʦܡ
ĴһУѾ֪Щ˵ĿģҪ׽вҶ㡣
ɱ㣬Ǳˣֻл׽㣬вҶǸ֣ȻɱҵĵܵܣҪţԼߵ
һʮҵӷĵܵҶ֣֮ƺҶΪ֡
ɱǲ֪ȻҶʦܵϣǶҪ
֪ҪĴѾ뿪ˣĴЦԼĲϣ׼ԾҲǵóѡ
ĴҪɱɫʮѿ˵ĴвҶ㣬ǵȻĴ
ĴҲһܣΪһʶµԾΪֵ𣿡
Щ˶ǸŵĵӣĴȻҲİΪҶԾֵá
㲻ֵãҲȱȺСǿһٱĴ첻һˣԱ֮𡣡
Ĵܴ壬ǲûгޣҲԸ裬ϣһӦеϡ
ܺãȻˣǾͳȫ㡣
Ȼܻ׽Ĵֻץˣϣá
ĴͻȻԼĲĨȥûκγɣҲԸⱻвȡ
ڽҪӴƤʱһâˣ̴˿ռ䣬һХֱ֮䵽Ĵĳϡ
ϣ
һֱӵ棬Ĵɱδɣذ״̵˳
㻹ģǶĳ֮¡
ذµһ̣һӰҶ㣬ҺļʱһĴ¾һʬ塣
Ҷ֣ĴЦһԼþ
Ҷĳ֣øղ϶Ȼɫһ˿־飬Ҷնɱüʮ˵ϢѾ˳ȥ
֮޷Ҷ㿹⣬ɷ˵˷ֱܿݣ׼뿪˵ء
ߣŶûУֵܴһ֮
Ҷɱ˿ûмˣһץܵԶһ岻ܿƣֱӱҶץ˻һ巢ǵҶǰ

Ҷֱʩչ˴ʣ¼ȫԭأ޷һ¶Ȼ֮ɫСĿʼɪɪ
ʦ֣Ǿͽˡ
ҶûնɱǣӦýĴá
ˣĴ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫǺɱ֮ˣȻղżҪ׽ԼϾԩ޳Ĵնɱ
ɱǹҶһ⣬ԼܻȫҶ㼰ʱϵ
ʦ֣²֣ɱǡ
ЩҪԼϻʲôˣҶʮʹޣһòȻȴޱȺڰԼֵܶп֮ܺУһ˾Ƿڵĵӡ
ĴԥˣܲܽԼŵնɱʮΪѡ
ʦܣ˰ɣﲻ
Ĵĳ̫ˣڷ顣
лʦֲɱ֮
ĴɱǣæͷҶɱ֮ŷɥԲ
⣬ӣ
ҶɲˣЩһ뿪϶ٴξ취ˣ׼ԼնɱһԼвͼСһ֡
âֱ֣ɨ˵壬ҽУǵΪҶ㳹׷ϵԺһˡ
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
ԼΪȫϣ˷񶾵䣬ԭΪԻ˭֪ҶֱӷϵǵΪ
ٸҶ˵һ֣Ҹǵͷھнǵ꣬ó
Ҷ֮Уɢɺ֮ɫͬʬɽѪŵһ£Ȼڴ󺰴ˡ
Ҫ⵽˾нãˣΪˣԹ͵ڽӴϣһٴ
Ͼǵ츳ѪȺܲһкܴĻ̳ǵĵͳ
Զ׷ױտڲ֮У֮ɫȻûм٣ֻܿҶĴ뿪
ȵҶʧסǽɫҲ׷߽⣬һ̯һ̱˵ϣǵ֮У޾Թ޸ӡ
ܿ죬һͷɫ޳ˣһŭˣɵһɶ
Ҷ㲻ɱǣСײԡ

ô׷ɱǱҶߣϿȴҶնɱʮˣϢһըϵɢ
ԭ˴ˮ㣬ϢŵöڶҶκε֮ġ
ҵҶ㣬Ҳõûõƣǹҵ˳֣Ȼܿ
ҪǴԸڸɣϵһǧˣҪһһٸҶ㣬Ҳᱻ
ЩõƵ˿ɲڶˣͲⱻҵ
ʦܣǵüӿٶˣϣǼû¡
˵ͨѶûκϢˣȫʧȥϵпѾ˿סˣϢҶܲˬϵɱ޼٣ʢ
˭ҪǸҶһëһ
ҶвԼԼߵˣѣֵܣԼͷҶʹ
ʦܷİɣһµġ
Ĵο˵ʵôöûлػȻ⵽˲⣬߱ã޷ڴϢ
˺ܿϵϢĵط˴򶷵ĺۼ֮⣬ӰҲˣǰϵĵطȥˡ
رյʱ䣬ֻ󼸸ʱˣֻܶǷϵ뿪ǰϵĵطȺһʱƾ֣һö
Ѿ˻׽ˡ
˿ܣҶ϶Ǽһ׽ˣԼһ
ʦܣô졣
ĴҲЩˣĸͬ㣬Ҫ˲⣬ҶĴһ֡
رҶ㣬ΪкԪΪԼǡ
ֻҪǱǻ׽ʱͲΣգһһһʱ䣬ץʱռơ
ȥӪǿ϶ʵʱ򣬿ҶҲ֪ǽ˴˺δʱ䵽ˣڼϵĵط϶вԼ
ʦܣѵ֪Ʋںδ


1402 
紫ԣҶúܶƣĴЩţҶɵУһ֮䵽ϣһööƳĴ׾ˣʦϵжܡ
̶һյʱ䣬Ҷҵ˶ʮöƣϴɱЩϻãѾٶö
ֻ֣һ컹ʱҪǿĻҶ㻹Իýӽһö
ʱ䣬ƿʼɢ΢ϢʵԸһЩߣ˳ϢҵһǧöƣѾ߰ٶöˡ
棬˶ѾľˣҶָ߸ϣһõ˽ӽһƣ֣ɽ綼š
ҶǿһĴЦһʱ˱ˣԼ˺ôľŴһʯͷҵһơ
Ҷ㲻һʱһöֹ֮
߰ɣȥϵĵطӦñȥˡ
һʱҶûмȡҪʱ䣬ȳǼ
һʱȫָҶ㽫Ƿ˳һʩչʥ֮󣬳˵Ԫڻָо˲١
һаˣڸȥʱһھͻ򿪣ڹѾ˾ۼˡ
ֻлûҵƵˣϣһʱҵһö
ⲻ֪һǧöƣѾ־Űٶöֻʣ޼ڰ
һƧĵشɽˮһ޴Ŀյأˡ
˿ǧ˻ڴˣõƵȻЦ⣬ûеõģѰĿ꣬ϣһö
ŶһҪ֣ôס
Ҷһа˳ֵʱֳ˲ˣĿˢˢľۼҶϡ
ֻģҲͬģҲгЦģҲ¶м֮ɫ
ֱһҶڳˣΪҺ԰֪˶öơ
ûܵĿ⣬ҶһǰȥɨҪ֪ǵױ˭ץˡ
Ҷ㣬ڳˣ
ӱߣһȳ֣ͻȻղŴһۣҶ֮󣬻᲻ᵼ´һӵϡ
ȻûôȥرЩõƵģ˻ˮˡ
ʵϲҶֵģҲóȻжҶûжֻ֣ܸɵš
ľǰ˭հǰ˺󣬲ͷ
ҷҲǴڣ˿̷Ҳвٵӣһ֣ռݲƣնɱʮ˵Ŀ
תӣһʮˣѺкԪˣ˹
ʶɨˣϢһڣûʱƣҲԶˡ
ǣ
Ҷ˵ɨʮˣҶ㲢ʶӦһЩŵˣ޷ƣ뵽취
ţڳɹ˻׽ϣܻȡһЩơ
ҲǲԣҪ
ʮ֮У߳һʮ߰˵ֳֳ꣬ĲϣҶˣ⵱ɱˡ
Ҫƣ
Ҷһеŭǿѹȥ֮УɢŨŨɺ֮ɫ
ʮö
ֱӱһ֣ȻҪʮöƣҵַҲʮöƣʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ۺˣʮöưֻʮˣҲ˵һֵܷö
Ͳûã
Ҷ¶һаЦ˭ҲҶ˿̻˼Ц
ͲˣϽƣȻݹǲ
˵꣬꽫еĳǰ͡
ܵ˴̼ҲѹҶ֮¶һ˿Ц
Ҷʦܣˡ
ǿʹǸ⳯Ҷ˵
ûдǣİɣҲġ
Ҷ㰲ο˵ǲҪ˵ǶԼۡ
ĥĥˣϽƣȻҾ͡
ȻҪ
ҶͻȻǰһÿһϵϢǿһ֣ѹƵʮ˾Ȼ̧ͷʲô
㲻ҪڹҾͳˡ
Ҷһ߹ЩˣǵĿĲɱˣơ
һë֪ʲô
ҶûᣬһԶĴĶᵽɤϣҶ̫ðˣһǹǽɱǣǵòʧ
վס
Ҷֻʮ֮ңһȣͻȻǰһͣһ˿Ѫ˳Ų
Ϻ޾ɫ¶Ȼ֮ɫȻҲҶ㡣
ĦȭƣҪ֣óȻж
ҳʮƣ˭ܰǾƾģɱһˣһ顣
Ҷóʮöƣ߾ٿУڳ϶и֣а취ǣҶ㽫Ŀ˹ңԴռ䣬Ӧÿԡ
һ䣬ǧ˷˽ͷӶˣͿԻöʮöƣɱһˣһöƣҶˣķˡ
ΪһöƣһرЩûеõƵˣʼֻҪȳȥɱһͿԵõһöơ
νǽƣһϣͲκµҲ׵˺ѡ
Ҷ㣬㲻׼ھɱǡ
Լʮ˶¶֮ɫҶջ̫ˣԼɱͬ飬ơ
˵㻰ƣ˭б£ʹɣʮöƾġ
Ҷٴθߺһ䣬ʮöַŻʮöõʮöžжʮ˲μˣ޽ĻҲ
ĴҵһۣڰеͷƺһЭ顣
Ҷ㣬˵㻰
˵ˣڵģֻǵõʮöƣңܵõʮöҡ
ҶһԾŶ
Ҷնадʡ
ãǵҰ¡
ҵվ˳ң̫أ˭Ҳ֪ʲôı¡
Ҷ㣬ҵģֻɱǡ
ҵ˶ˣںˣֳֳĲӺݺݵն¡
̣
׼նµһ̣ܿռͻȻһ󲨶һ޴гˡ
˵Ƥ·ˣԪߣһ޴Уֱ˽ȥ
鷢̫죬꽣µһ̣ʧˣ֮С
ֱն˿ϣƵкܿʧֳָƽʧˡ
Ȼ䣬ǱҲУ˴˳ҵ˹ȻֶΣɹ˾¡
Ҷ˵ͷùҶƣǰһֽһַˡ
˷֮ҶĿޱ䣬Ķųʮˡ
Ǹ
Ҷֻ˵ĸ֣ͻȻһŲϰٳ˹˭뵽Ҷһ仰Ȼôĺ䶯
վԶĿĶҶ㣬Щףεõôöơ


1403 в
Ѿʣʮ˾ʧ룬ΪЩ߷׷ǡ
ͬһͷͷޣʱʮ˾һٴͣҵá
ɱ
ź̤ĽŲֱӽʮûˣĴľȫˣΪһöƣԳԼ꣬Լĵµߡ
ɱһˡ
Ⱥ֮Уһӣֳһͷ­Ҷǰ㻻ȡһöơ
Ŀͷ­ûҶûκ֮ɫóһöƣɱͷ­ߡ
õ֮˸߲ҵ뿪ˣû뵽ɱһˣͿԻȡһöƣִ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
̶̼ʱ䣬ʮ˳ױûˣ˵ļл֮£ûз֮
󲿷ѡ˳Ĭûг֣Ŀ鷢չҶһˣôƣ׵ĵΪֶΣѾˡ
ԭһ룬ҪҪһ𣬽ҶնɱڹϷƣ룬ûһ˸д뷨
һҶ϶ƣɱԼǧһ
ǧһ
ȻܣһûãҶóöƳͣ϶
Ҳ´˭Ҳͷֻܿʮ˱֧ķֽ⣬ֻлԴĲʸõơ
Щ첲ȵģһǷ֮ɫˣᱻ˶ߡ
ٴͳȥʮöƣҶûκ֮ɫΪˣѣʧٶ࣬ҶҲΪֵá
мۣ޼ۣ
˼ʱĵõƣƺȶϢȫָҶΪʧʮöƣһ
ǲκ֮һһöԣҲûá
ҶŰοýӽöƣóȥʮöϻİٶö
棬ȫ֪ʲô飬ԭҶڵһڵڶͻȻҶʮöƣҶ˶ʮöһԾ˵ڶ
úܶ˶¶˼֮ɫѵǹҵ˳ˣҶᵽơ
δرգֻܵȵǶˣȻ֪
ĵĻǷϣҶܱܲסôơһʱôһΧնɱٴΡ
ǵһյʱ䣬ûκα䶯ƺֹˣĵȺһʱʣµƴ󱬷
ʣµƣҶûȤˣ켸ˣҵһĵطʼϢ
һʮöƴӵϷ˳ȥɵ߿֮ϣʱ䣬˳˳ȥʼ
һսս⣬ʮͬʱһöͿ˭ı¸ˣһʱ䣬ѪɺӣҲ̶á
ԶЩսҡҡͷҺÿ˶õһöƣȻҲ뵽֮С
ȫϷ֣һˣҲֻʣǧˣɥǧˣֲ̫
һţ겻֮ء
ÿǧһѭмǧԶĳڴˡ
ѷֵʱ򣬴Ҳŷ֣ʱѾˣƵȻˣûлõһǷ֮ɫʧȥλᣬõʧȥ
ǧܻ֮ܲǸʱ򶼲һҽҪһڡ
һǧ꣬оųɵûлᣬоųɵʧȥᣬһʲôʡ
˳ѷ죬˷׷׷ȥص֮ϣſʼӡ
õƵţȻˣûеõģʧ˵ӣһʹ֮ɫ
֪Լŵӣ󲿷ֶҶ֣֮ɱĿ׷׾ۼҶϡ
رҶϲİٶöƣֲ̫ˡ
Ҷ㣬ôĵӣȻնɱǷʥĵӡ
ʥһʧأҶ߰ˣĿǰˣν
ɱ˺ɱ֮ѵֻɱңͲɱҪ־͹ѧղ
ԷʥʣҶĻش˿ûо֮ɫ
Щ˷׷Χ۹ҪһҪҶһöơ
ǿʶƣɱ֣ϽƣȻݹǲ
ʥҧһڣΪҶƣնɱ˷ʥӣ
㻹ڲҪһЩҪƾֱ˵αعĨǡ
ҶһߣαˣҪԼϵƣƫƫ˵ԼɱǷʥӡ
Ȼ֪ͺãôˣһҪôƣû뿪
ʥҲӰأĿĺܼ򵥣Ҷ㽻ƣȻ뿪
ȻЩûеõƵˣ֧֮£׷Χ׼ϷҶϵơ
Ұİ
Ŀ⣬ҶЦڳϽĽҶ㱣
ôƣѾ棬Ҫ֤Ҷ뿪ֻҪصڣȫûˡ
ûǾҰˣҲһ˶ǿϺü
ô࣬ȷʵЩСˣ˶࣬ҪϷҶƣھԵǰƨǺСƭ˵Ļ
ǾôŴϻƣ
ҶЦδһ̰Ŀ⣬ϰΪôЩ꣬˶ͬĿ⡣
Ϊ԰ȫĻ뿪𣿡
һ˵ԺˣҲַУҪҶ㽻ơ
ǽƣʥԺһЩţҲ׷ײҪһ
ûиҪϷϵƣ
ԽԽˣҶɨһȦʵȻţҶҲ˸һЩ
Ҷ㣬㲻ʱ䣬Ͻƣǿ㲻
ʥ˵ȲˣҶϽڳֻĴҵûв룬ţǼ壬˿
һԲϣȥֱӽҶķѵӡ
ƶǸǰһ̽ȫ飬֪ʧȥİٶöƣɽ᲻׷
ҶͻȻһЦԼòҲõͬھƻһ
ҶҪٵеƣ˴һɽģʱ򻹻ջȥһٵɽ϶׷ر޽磬쵽˽
Ϊϼ죬ֹ⣬ΪƣΪ˱棬֮£ʮöƣɽŭֱȡ޽翪
йԱȫӡӡһ£ԺҪɽ綼ˣɽȨ
ʧһööɽҲ⣬ʧİٶöͲˡ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ͻȻžһƬҶĻˣ󲿷ֻٵƣ˭Ҳ޽硣
ЩѾõƵˣȻϣֽǾһŻһöƣΪҶ㣬벻޽磬Ȼˡ
Ҷ㣬úݣҲһ˶İٶö
һеŭǿѹȥҶһ˻İö˵ȥ
ͲˣȻа취İٶöơ
ҶӵĿһۣȻõİٶöҶȻа취


1404 ǰϦ
ҶвãڼҲһ
ҲǣһˣǲĿС˺
ҷģȻصһῪһᣬóЩȻ۸ߵá
Ҷ˵꣬һЦ
Ҷ㣬
ȻҶҪóƳ˼ˣֻҪϣ򵽡
ɣʱ䶨ڰ֮ϣҶ١
Ҷ㽫ص㶨ɣȥͲôѰҵطĴߣڼϺ¼壬ڹҲԹۡ
ô֧֣ЩҲ治ʲô
ܶ˵˵ַʱ㣬֮󣬻ĵһʱ䣬һһʱ㹻ˡ
ǻҪסҵȥ·𣿵ʱ䣬ɽɱǰû֪ͨǡ
ܱΧˮйͨҶٴ뿪˫ɺȥ˭
Ҷ㣬ݡ
˭Ȩ˭ȻҪ˺ҶĶˣȴ޿κΡ
һƼˣҶ㽫ƻ۵Ŀɲֹһˣˣ˭ҲǧһεĻᡣ
ΪǰʮлֱӱɽѡУɽ磬ջ˭ܿܡ
ΪһҶ㣬ɥʧ˽ɽĻᣬΪֵá
ҶҲ˵ˣʽ۸ߵãͺðˣЩţȱľԴ
ϵı֮£л˵ػÿһͨ
񶾵Ŀ֮£Ҷһ˰Ȼ뿪;һ亹
Ϊⲻ˵һս˭֪Ҷһ仰ͻΡ
ʯٵķʽ˷뿪ǲǾηɽ磬Ҷ뿪Ļᡣ
ԽԽСʱһĲ
ʦܣղ̫ðˡ
£ǲǧΧţ˭ﶼëôǿߣ˽磬磬ħڶš
ֻ֣һħ粻ƺ͵˺ܶ࣬ܶħŶʧˡ
Ҷħնɱôħŵ飬粢֪Ϣ͸¶ħ˵ܴ裬Ҳ޷й
Ҷ֪ħһı꣬һŹҲħǰնɱԼ
ʱûʱϢ˰ʱ䣬ϻ˷ڡ
һף֪ҶİʮöƣԭأЩš
ʮöƣҶĹףƾš
ҶóʮöƳ׵УǴлڣҶҪҪڵ
úúã
ӹƣһ˵֣Ҷ㲻ģڲ̶̼ʱ䣬ȻôĹס
ԭΪҶóʮöѾǼޣںҶ㽨˾˵飬̶ʮ죬Ѿ
ҪվȽŸҪӴԴӦЩƣͿԻȡԴˡ
ҶóʮöѾ˹׵Ԥ㣬ҲЩϵ˼ά
ˣûһεõ˶ƣϽã˼һҲõ˶ʮö󲿷ֶҵߡ
һιҵƾַ˼ʮöЩӣٶʮöһϷ˽ӽö
ңңң׷ᣬ뵽֮٣ƽÿŷֵʮö㲻ˡ
壬СţϽõʮöѾΡ
Ҷ㣬ʲôʱ̣
ҶҪǰ򣬰Ϣһʱ䣬ѾĴ򣬹׳Ҷʵ
ʱԽԽã
ҹζ࣬ҶҪ콫Щȥϣ綼һ
ûţɳʮϻͣɾ̫ϳϣȫ̻ʲô֡
ҲѪҶ겻ţ޽ʮ񻰣һҪ
Ҷ޽緢ǰʮҲ޿ܣʱɽ¼ȡ֪ɽ緢ʲôˣΪɽڼ궼ϵˡ
ɾϣʮȫ̻ͣҶ㶼ԭأôǿݣ˷һĸ֡
ôĸ֣һǱ룬Ǹô졣
ҶΪڵӣҲڿǣܲΪԼݷڲˡ
ģڴǶϷȻں򣬿϶Ҳɳ֣ǰȥƣ˴˶һյû˻ǰð
׹Ȼı㣬ţ϶Ҳǰƣû㹻ʵһᱻߡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ûǷʥԺиǰ
²˳٣ھͳ
һȥӷɳһɹǿϢǱչزĳϣ˿̳֣֪ڳ겻ĵӣһݡ
ӽöƣֱ֣أ
Ҷᣬ˽ٵɵʱ򣬸𾪵Ըӡ
˿̵ĺַǷ֪ҶҪɣɣǿջһʱʱ䣬һա
𾪵ĪĴߣ̵ɣȫתʼ˼겻
ĴæµĽͷöȴʮָˣҶϵͶڵõ˻ر
ɣõԴɣԾų̈ףΪֿȵ
¥ŵôˣ죬ӡ
ľʮż¥ʵЩæļͷת
ˣװޣλʮҰ棬ҲƸһǳ棬û˿ﵷҡ
һһǵĿģǸһЩ֯һЩ֮࣬һ֯ǳ˳
ƾһţ֯϶ʮңû·һͳһ滮ͼ˺ܶࡣ
ҪǣһʵҲȻô㣬һξȻɣһᣬֱǰδС
ϢݳȥҶ㻹δѾյ¥ԼݵϢǱѾ׵ʱס
ôֱͬ˺ѿռ䣬ǿдռ侧ڣֻһʱʱ䣬˺
ĵȻҶ㣬Щ˵ӣ֪ԼǰôƣǹһҶΪ١
ĴڶҪҶɫһʲôĹ⾰Щ˵򻹲£ͼ֤ҶǴһһĴ档
ɣ˿̿˷󣬾˳һ룬һҶ㷢𣬺ܶصȻҲҶƶ
ֻǸ𳡵أҶһָ
˱¥ĽӴֱ֮Уõķ䣬õд
λߡ
¥ˣҶ㻹ʮֿʩһ
Ҷ㣬ʹãʹã𣡡
æǰҶ㲻Ҫô⣬Ҷ㣬ɣҲһܽӴ򶥼ĸ֡


1405 ƶ
Ҷնɱһٶˣǰ겻š
Ĵ߾ǿҲҸЩű⣬ҶھǸ߸ϣƾڵӵݣҪĶԴ
һ֮󣬷ڶ೤϶Ϣֻ̫ϳϣҶ㻹Ҫ
Ҷ㣬¼ˣ̫ϳϡ
ղһˣ¥߶˵˼䣬¥⣬Ҷ˵
ǽɡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻʹ޺¼壬ǰҪ̺¼壬Է֮ѹס
ʮʱ䣬¼̫ϳ߽ϣֱһ㶣ܿȻ
Ҷֶ
¼͸Ҷ׽Ҳ֪ҶкܶƵ顣
¼λϡ
Ҷ̲Ҫϴλ˲٣ô
Ҷ
ľǶ˵ȻΪҶߵһ𣬾һˡ
Ҷֶû뵽ôĺ䶯솴ǣˣɣѾ޷˶ˣѾɣ֮ʮֿһ򣬿Իѹ
¼ֺõɣѾͣˣһԴԴϵӿ룬Ѿɣ̱
л¼ˣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬¼ҪֺԼѾһΣҶ֪
һˣô˵һ
¼һ۷ϣЩΥĵ˵ʱǺ¼壬ǼֹҶ֮顣
˾ͽںֱĬˣڷ׽Ҷ㲻Ѿܲˡ
Ȼ¼ѾҶ㵱ŮԴҶ¶ЦݣҲøڿȥ
ȻҶˣ£νС
Щ˶Ǹ߲㣬һνˣм۸ƶЩҪҶɡ
Щ˿ԽЩ˲ԲμӣĴ߶Ȩ棬ϣûʼֻҶİȫ⣬һŲܡ
ֻҪҶĲ̫֣ǻѡӣϾҶڡ
Ҷ㣬ôģ
¥ҶߵıȽϽƺҲȻû¥İҶҲ˳
ѾƻˣҪμᣬ轻һ컯Ƶļ۸һڿǣԴһ컯
Ҷֱ˵һ֣Ҫμᣬԣȸһ컯
ҶҪ˵һҶʨӴ󿪿ڣһ컯Ȼ࣬ˣֻŵķá
ʮλһһѾǧö㹻һӴŷչʱˡ
Ҷ㣬ǲЩ̫ˣ
¥СʵЩţҶ㽫ŷѶôߡ
һ㲻࣬ǰĶ򶥼ȻںЩ컯Ҫ˶õĳ˶ԽλޣȻҪ۸ߵá
Ҷ˰֣һҶ㶼Ϊ̫ˡ
˵˵ͷΪҶ˵ûҪ˶õĳĴϰӿλֻʮø˭أȷʵһ⡣
Ҷһͻ⣬ڳ˶Ĵָȷʵû⡣
Уһֻǵ׼ۣһǽϢɢȥӡʮȯ׼һ򣬼۸ߵãԴ֮һΪο֮á
ҶѾ֪һѰһ֯Ҷ㲻Ƿ̫飬ɣҲͶ˲٣ܲ˰װ׵Ͷ롣
úúã̰ȥ졣
¥˵ͷȥ׼ȯˣɣصӡǲſԣ޷ð
λϣڰ⣬鷳ˣûõȯ¡
Ҷ㳯ڻк¼弸Ͽ˹ȥ󻺻˵
İɣǺ¼ʮϣά򡣡
ҶҪõԼ¼Ͻվظ֤⡣
Ҷ˵ͷҶ׷ױʾȫⲻ󣬷ڸ¼ϣԿԿһˣû˸¡
һ˳ԱɣԼһȫ˽
¼ʮöƣǴл¼Ϊ࣬¡
Ҷóʮöƣ˺¼ȻԷһٵİԼҶҲһëΡ
ҾͲˡ
һκ¼ջ񲻶ֻ࣬öƣҶʮöʮ˿Բμ޽翪ˡ
ҪĵʮöǾ͸Բˡ
ľߣ¥ߣмҪص˵һ¡
ҶͻȻʲôĴ˵
˵
ȯ飬ҪһŵõȻڸߵļ۸ҲУУʱҲһƲһţʧƽ⣬һƽ⣬˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ
Ҷһ飬ҪƱһߣЩû򵽵Ŀ϶£ҶҪչ˵ˣܽȥ
ߣ̫ˣ˶ԣŲ£Ҫ˳Զʳ϶ὫԹйϣŵʱ򣬾ƸʱȻͻὫƽȥˡ
ľ߲òҶؽ׬ȡԴһ棬Ҫάƽ⣬ԼΧ
϶׷׵ͷȷʵûп⣬ΪȥͿˡ
˭֪滹ôѧʣҪȥôҽԴϲĸԸóԴ
ЩˣԴ򲻵ƣ϶ὫŭйҶϣЩ⣬ҶĻˡ
Щϸʱ䣬˻ȥϢ֮УֻʣҶλߡ
̫ϳϣԼ¼峤ϣѾˣʼػɣܣǿд롣
Ȼػ˺ֱײҪһʧ
ᣬνǿ˸Žˡ
ǿ˵ˣʱҴӦһû´ϣṩͨ޽ưɡ
ʱ¥ӦҶɵҪҶӦһҶǰ֪ܲ³Ӧͨ޽ơ
ʵǴ
Щ˼ʱڶĲ˭֪Ҷ㲻õͨ޽ƣõ֮ࡣ
˵ӦûøлǣǽҲɵ磬öƣɡ
˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ҷһֱ֪ȻԼעõɣ˫ǻӮϾûмӺҶ֮ġ
лˣ
Сƣ˻ǵᣬҲ̾ϢʱֻͬҶ㣬ڻʱģôҪ顣
һҲף޽磬Ҫڰ֮ڣǶǧˣܽ޽磿
ҶȻ³˵ʲôǸ㲻ףν޽硣
黹Ͱɡ
¥˳ǵȷǧˣ˵޷޽硣
ǵõҵö֮ʯ𣿡
¥ͻȻἰһ֮ǰ͸Լ֮ʯ޽ʲôϵ
ȻףҶ㻹ǵ˵ͷΪö֮ʯҶǾһȡ


1406 绨ѩ
֮ʯҶЩǾ޴ħ̥һħ̥ѣ򶼻⵽
֮ʯԼһΣʵ˵ˣ޷⵽ʵ͡
¥˵꣬һЦ֮ɫǻǧϹˣޣʵƿٲһ綼᳾鳾
޽ΨһĻᣬпܲ˾磬԰ѷԷɽ磬ѵõһλᡣ
֮ѡҶ㣬Ҳ¥ԭ򣬵ʱְԻͼֻҶһܽ룬¥;ˣҶ϶һѡ
¥һʱ䣬Ҷˣ֮ʯıɽΪѾˡ
תʵ䣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵ֶΡ
Ȼͻƾ磬һľһⲻѭ
һжˣҶҲˣص֮Уһ·еĻзλϣҶ⣬ӡ
˸ǲö˵Ҷߵ͸
֪Ҷ»ڣʱ䣬ҪˣΪԴޣȥˣֻʱֹͣһл
ʮʱ䣬вǰ£ִк¼ػоա
ڴҶǷڵӣЩԭǰҵ˷׷ȥҲҶ
ܰˣٲǸҪˡ
֪Ҷˣ˳ԴǼһЩӣֱǶ꣬
۴硢ˣܸ
Ҷ㿴ӣ̲סЦˣһҧгݡ
˹Ȼ֪Ҷȥôӣǲ˵
֮󣬼Ů׷׸Ҷս˭ҲҶ㣬Ҷˡ
֪ҶˣҶĸҲһӲˣܶǰۣһûвμӣҶ
磬ɻ
ҶһſŶС죬ϵĳЦ
ҵĺŶ취ϴ뿪ҲǲѰ
ҶֺŶϣ취
ûа취Լ˵ȥڿˡ
Ŷ˵ֳ꣬һƬЦкüʮһۻᣬҶȽ׵ˡ
Ҷ֣ԭҲ㲻鰡
ʮҶ㣬УֶΰԵԭҲи㲻ʱ
һЦʮǢϣ棬Щ˺ȻʵǺܸߣȻ֮ǿΪһˣҶʲô
ԹӢѹ˹أ˭Ҳ޷⡣
˾̾Ϣһ¶Ц֮ɫҶųģ簮ĳɷ֣Ҳʦͽ֮顣
һԭ磬ЦҶֻܺŮסԺȥ
˿䣬ƻģ֤ǻû˯ҶվԺ棬°ͣ˼Բߡ
Ҫȸ㶨ͷ˲С
Ҷˣȴ֣󣬻ҶģҪŮĹϵҪһء
˶ԲߣҶķš
ûأ
洫ģûʲô鲨
ƿţҶֱӽŷ˩ϣ˴֣Լڴ
ˣҲãӦòǶ𡣡
ҶߵߣҪ§ڻҶҶֱӲûҶ㱧סԼ
ﻹʲôûʲôΣûǲһ߹ˡ
ǲԹ㲻һ뿪ֻǺΪʲôǣ֪Щÿ춼ĵ跹˼֪ʲôζ𣿡
һʣӱݣм侭˶ÿ˴֮ĸ顣
ȻʱʵܵͣҶһҶʵԽԽߣҺټ档
ʣҶĬˡ
ԼЩʵҪػԼˣû뵽Ľ֣ԼЩطĴˣػһ棬ҲҪǣ๵ͨ
뿪½̤֮Ѿһˣһʱ䲻ʮ죬󲿷ֶǾࡣ
öԣȷʵǣӦòкͶ뿪ұ֤ԺҲˡ
ҶʮֳϿҡ
Ҷĳһˮરવĵأ
ҭҶһʹЩȷʵеĸˣˣҶ㶼ĬĬ֧֣ûʲô
Ҷ磬ǲֻ໨ʱǣһ죬Ҳˡ
˵꣬ʼ΢΢ҶʶҲʱˣһʱ䣬̫̫١
ҴӦ㣬Ժ󲻹ߵǣ㲻Ҳ֪ҵȥ򡣡
ҶֱӴӺ§סҶͻȻסһһɵϮȫ
ôЩ꣬Ҷ㻹ǵһεһ˽ڻЩ֪롣
𣿡
ҶĽתӣȥ۽ǵˮ֮У̫ᡣ
ģ
Ҷ°ͣĴԣͻȻ̱Ҷ㻳ȫˡ
һ·ȥ˺ܿ˴ϣȫʧȥ˿ƣоģƶ֮Уܶ޻İ
崫һҵʹųѹϧѾˣſԼϵˣ۽ǵˮһλ䡣
Ҷ磬ǧҪǡ
˫ֽıסҶ󱳣Ҷ˵
İɣһҲΪģֻΪػԼˣҵֿ
Ҷ㷢ԷθһУΪػԼİˣаԼˡ
ʱһһйȥҶΪԽԽߣԼ壬һ˼ĳ̶ȣƾһˣ޷Լ
Ҷ磬ҿ첻ˣɡ
ǵһΣ޷ҶôҵĻ̱һҶϽó
ʹģҶûκԥ泷˳ȴʮַ̣յĸо
ѹ̫꣬һйҶһʰȫ̬
ԲŪˡ
˵ӣҶһ㷢ߣ塣
ȥõķɣҶûĵĹ㣬ޣΪ㲻Ƕ𡣡
ܲҶĿ⣬رǸҪӶĹӣԼ棬ߵֱӶ˱档
ðɡ
ҶԥˣԼе𱻵ȼˣҪϨĲ򵥡
ȥɣѾ֪ͨλˡ
ֱӽҶ´Ͻ뿪Ҷ̣Ҳһ̡
ûа취Ҷ㴩·һС÷ķ䣬Ҷ÷ϾȻһ˿󣬺Ȼղ֮Լ
÷۽ǸˮҶһᣬ÷ߣ˵÷ҶʶһŮˡ
Ҷ㻹Ժĵӣ֮о÷кһι¡
Բ𣡡
Ҷֻ˵֡
Ҷ磬˵ˣǲ㡣
÷תԴҪסҶ죬ҪҪ˵ˣ˭֪ӭҶ˫ֱӡȥ


1407 ȯ
Ĵԣ˴˵˫۶ûбϣ÷ȫˣ֪룬Ҷͷʱ򣬷岻ܶˡ
紥һ㣬ֵģϲָоϲҶ㱧ڻ
˿ƣܿһ˿ʣڴϣƸ꣬һʹ÷﷢һ˿ɫҺȾ˱
һҶԡû𣬷ԽԽһʰĸоԡжп߻ħ
Ҷ̣ħ÷ˣκԥֱӽҶƳ䣬Ը˼λá
յϢ֮󣬺ضȲЩ֪룬ϾǶǵһΣ˺֮⡣
һҰޣҶ㷢ͺֱ˺ķ䣬Ҷֱȥ
ûӦҶ˵һԲ𣬺һ̱
ϺԸ⣬ȽϿţǲ˹ˣ뺷ϲϲܿҶһ
ΪҲҶ߻ħĻ
һҹʱڣҶĻˣɿ˼Ůͣÿ䶼ûд򿪡
һҶںķȹ˰ҹ˲Žƣ˯˹ȥ
Ѿ߹ţŮҶ㻹ĳ˯һҹ˯̫ˣҶ·صСʱǵûôɹ
Ůһƿ䣬˰֮⣬϶źҶ㴩·һ߳ÿŮ
죬һģҶΨûȥķ䣬Ҷ㻹ûг׽ɣϾ˫̫ˣ̸̵ĸ顣
˿ˣ־˵ˮ齻ڣ빲
һۣ˴΢΢һЦֲԾĵԴЩ˼
ղɣǴϢΧˮйͨϽȥһˡ
һ˳Աʮֽĳ˽ʮżɣǱѾһˡ
֪ˣϾȥ
Ҷüͷһ壬֪ʲô飬ֻȹȥ
Ҷ磬ȥɣ
Ҷ㳯Ů˹ȥǾȻͳһھҶϽȥҪ
ãˣ̸ϻ
Ҷ˵ͷ߳Ժӣַ̫ϳҲغʱˡ
ϣʲôˣ
һ˺ܿ뿪ɣǷȥ
Ϊȯ飬ֻʮϯλһٶˣ㶨µһŷѣܶ˲ҪǿȥѾǵ
ϼ򵥵Ľһ飬ԭΪȯ顣
ʮλҵܽܣϾطޣ˶лȥһ컯òջ
ģܲ򵽻һҪһ컯򲻵ǴˮƯˡ
Ͼޣƽüǧ˲ܵõһöֱҪҪҡ
һʱ֮ҶɣϿգԶԶȥʮ˽ΧһȦ˽ȥ˳
ʮΣҪôһĺ鷳ֳʮֻҡ
Ҷ˵˵ͬΪҪ˰ŷѡ
˴УҶֱͣǿΪ
û㹻Դʲô֡
ӻһ䣬ҶϿգϬɨһȦͻȻ
Ҷ㣬ʲô˼ԹᣬŷҲǧ컯ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
Ҷ֮󣬴ҸǰͲסеĲһҶַ
ҵĹأ㲻أԲ뿪ˣûҪƣ蹺ȯ˭Ҳõơ
Ҷ䣬ʲôزأҶ㿴ǿƹܹԼƶ
ԼСʱҶ˶ٲƽ֮£ԼŬһѵ߹ȨԼô׵ķ
Ҷ㣬Ļ𡣡
һˣֱӳ˳Ҷĺȵ
ʲôҲָûԴʲô֣Ͻȥ
Ǽˣйģֻʮ֮һ󲿷Ҫһᣬǰֵġ
һ˾ͲģȻ뵷ң޷ȥ
Ҷ㣬ÿĿѵҪΪ𡣡
һһҶѾΪʸ֮ģ˶ַ
˵һ飬ûԴĿԹˣʵҪƣҶ㻶ӭһʱʱ䣬ڲһ컯ǶԲһὫİöƣɣɢޡ
˵һ飬Ҷ˵
ҶǳԶȥǰµĶһЩ޹ؽҪˣҶĻǳЩڰеĸ˵ġ
ֻһʱһû˽ܣ˭ҲˣҶһȺɢȥμ޽硣
ҶĻû˸һɣһԾŶһ˵޵ĵطûˡ
ͻȻˣ˭֪Ҷôһ֣ƣˣֱӽͳȥ
Ҷô˵˶ѺһҶ򿹺⣬ˣҲһˡ
ڶҶɽˣҲһõĹأҪȥ
˾ͽ
ͻȻմһһľȻ˾ͽ壬ѾԪˣ⼸¼壬š
˾ͽջǺܶ࣬ҲҪĻᣬ򵽼öơ
еӱɽѡУ˾ͽһҹ֮䣬׷ڶġ
˾ͽ컯׼óȯ˾ͽԽˣμ
˿ͷ֮󣬺ܿһţ¼壬ֱӹʮ
̰޵׷׿ʼЩų֣Ǿûлˡ
ȯٵļ٣ɣЦ˻û뵽Ҷһ޷ܣԹԵó컯ȯ
Ҷֵܣʮ
ܿ죬ˣޱ¥ˣҲɣǣһιʮǴֱʡ
ӭ
ӹҶ㻹Ҫģﲻ֪Էٱ飬ϴαħ򣬲棬Ҷβ
ҶֵӢ۰
ǸҶһѾ߹ȥ̫αˡ
ˣǶʮöȯպá
Ҷóʮȯ֮УݺݵıһǷöƣȻỹ
Щųסˣȯڼٵļ٣Сţóһ컯û⡣
ڳкܶŵӣ϶ԴȻŲԼҲṺһţȥһա
ҪǣЩûлƵˣǼԴҲҪ취ȥһöȻҵ
̶һʱ䣬ȯһңֳĸһż١
ҹʮš
ͻȻһ߳ˣȴܴ鲻˵ĶĴҵ˳ˣһιʮš


1408 ֵ
˭Ҳû뵽ɣǵᣬȻĴҵҶˣһԹʮ
ǰ˼ȯֻʮö¡
ҶȻֻʮöȯ˴۾Ҷ⳪һ
ŶĹء
°ͣһЦĿҶ㡣
˼Ϊ˸ƣֻһͬʣǰ¡
Ҷ̯̯֣ΪңͿ
ãȻ㶨µĹأӡ
˶ΣΪܷѣҶһ˭֪ҾȻô˵ֻǹʮȯ
ôҿʼ˼ҶҶӣʲôڸҶŸɣѵһҪ
ҵӣЩû򵽵˿ʼ׷׼򲻵ˡ
̶̰ʱʱ䣬Ҷ֮ǰɣôŷѣ϶ȥ
ڵãЩ˺޲ܶȣܵǰһˣûлṺˣǿԴһõȯ
˾תԭΪһȥǧ
𼷣𼷣ӵľջҪˡ
Ⱥ֮Уһ𣬺˲㽫Ŷˡ
ǰ棬ʲôʱðġ
Ѿ˿ʼ֣ѻøˣȯֻʮţѵһεʢᣬȻ򲻵ƣܿľ֣һҲֵˡ
д뷨Ŀ϶ֹһˣ򵽸ã򲻵ҲԿ֤һᡣ
Ҷ㣬ûӰˣֳûɶʲôˣзڸ¼άûǰҡ
һʱܿȥʮöȯȫ⣬Щû򵽵ģٳٲȥΧܣϣҸȥ
ϧûһǣ˿أ򵽵˸߲ңû򵽵취һš
ɣһɱ¾ҲϢĽУСܽУѾʮ˲ɱȯ
飬ҶûȨȥˣûͱȥ˻ˮ磬档
Ҷ㣬Щ϶г𣿡
ǰϦҶóһݲϱ¥ԣƴﻻеĻԴ컯һöҲǧ
ûڼЩϡ
Ҷ˵ͷЩϴ󲿷һҪǣҶ㽫Žٵɡ
Щϣǹ̾ˣЩԴҶԸõĽڶ̶̼ʱ䣬һš
ãһ취
¥ӹӣûмȥڶҶ㣬ȫӡ
ˣȥæɣӦÿ쿪ʼˡ
ҶûǰֳǴżŮֵܼˣһ֮У
Ҷʦܣһ̫ˣ˺ܶżԴ
ҶߣΪֹЩţҶֶοˡ
Щţǿ󣬲ǳѪôԵҷô˼
ڳԼĸˣҶҲΪһ죬ҶǼı˺ܾá
ҪչҪԴԼʵҪҪһıֻܴЩǿ֡
Ҳֵ˶ʮ˾еϲԱȫμӣһֳգǵľкܴİ
Ψľ仯Ŀܣ۹ԽԶŻԽ
ĿǳֻʲԷ⣬綼ߵͷһϵҪչҪʶˣϤ򻷾
ʼˡ
ڼ˵Ĺ͸ľڣг۵ס
͵ĦȭƣҶҲмˣ⼸¼ֱҪǰļʮ껹ҪʣҶͶء
һƣһΪһ飬ϽǣѾгһ嵥ЩϣȻԻȡƣûеĻ׼ǧ컯ġ
ǻﻻڿԲ뾺ˡ
ϲ࣬һ޴ľڣ¼ϣϡнҲԣƵҩĲϣǳ֮࣬Ҳܷӡ
ÿöƣҪʮĶſԶһ˿ʼԼĴָûЩ
ʦܣΪҪöһǱǡ
Щ⣬Ӧһöһö̵ĺô
һöһöȻԻøԴǲһܵõҪĶȷһʮֲϣֻ֣Լһ˿϶޷֮£õİ취ѯߵͬ飬пܾʹˣһöƣ˭ҲԿõƣҲõҪԴ
Ҷ㻺ͣ˶ĿҶ㣬û뵽Ҷı㣬˶׷׺ա
֮ѡöһ飬ҶҲǾ˼ǲžġ
Ͼһӵʮǳϡ٣˾ͲһˣҲܴʮϡ
ߣʵ̫ˡ
ƣѾܶˣܴͬܲ뵽ʮϣ˫ܵõһöơ
Ǵˣöǵˡ
࣬ͻȻվӣҶİҲСŵӣߴհ˴գŴ˵һϣʮ˷ܡ
ϲöˡ
Ĵһӹϣö˫ַϡ
һ
һϲǺ󣬲˶ˣϧһ˽ȵǣֻܽĿ⿴ڶϡ
¥Ҳû뵽ͷ˳ֻʮʱ䣬һ飬ֻǵ˺ڣҪĲԽԽ
ڶһﻻһζ˼ֲϡ
Ҫˣ
¥һ䣬վŸղʱ䣬ʹ˵ڶĲϣⱻȡ
Ȼ˺ĪվһͱȻʧȥ˻ᡣ
ʽ˵Щ߲㣬¥ߵˣ˼ǧ꣬һμʽ
ûоֻбƴʱ䣬Ϳ˭һʱϣڱȵĲ˭У˭ϸ
Ҳǰɸ֣ûЩԴһ򲻵ƣҶƶĹأòʴӡ
κܶ˴컯Ϊһöƣ˭֪ҶǲƣĴһһεĴֲ
ǬڣҶÿ춼ʮ컯ٶҲûãֻҪά˷չͿˡ
ŷѣ֮һҶ㻹һʿɹ۵㹻˷չʱ䡣
ȱĲ컯ЩϡԴҶûʱ䵽ɹȫҶ㡣
һһ飬ʱѾöΪһ飬ҪԴҲ֮ӣҲҪˣ˲ܴ롣
ʦܣ̫ˣһᣬҪѹ·ȥ
ԭΪֻİöİ˲õ˭֪Ҷƶأ˶˽
߸˲Ŵ˲ϣö϶ĸ޷õƣõƵˣֻķʽǡ
ҲЩѾӵˣԼͬʦֵܣˣһöֳʮּҡ
һ˼
Ҷӹݹһöˮ¶Ц⡣


1409 
ҶյĺƣƷȣ·⡣
ʦܣֵôһǸӦ
ЩģҶһֵǷ꣬ȫǣһٲ
İɣѾźˣһţܳʮöƣнȫ˵Ǽǣø˶ܵõƣɢû˹עˡ
ҶһھƣȻЩðգð֮УҶֻֽˣһҶռ
ѹô౦Ͳ죿
Ȼ˶õ˺ôҶѹô౦˵Щˣ֮е˶¶֮ɫ
Щϣһˣռǧ꣬ҲһռȫҶһᣬ˱˼ǧ޷ɵ顣
£Ȼ£Ϊ£ѵǾӦö
Ҷ˵һôĻԭҲ£ǺҶ˼ˣѵΪ£ͲˣͲˣֻܱ쳵
ûǲΪ£ηηţЩǿΣһ죬Ҳ֮ϡ
һվ֧Ҷ㣬֮ףŷ
İɣһΣգֻҪõһԷ׻
ӱȽϻ磬ʶҶҲһˣȽ˽ҶƢԸ·
˵
˶ʮֺ棬δܻҶҶ֮ģϾôı°ɾ޷ֵסջɡ
֮޽ƾҪˣʱЩſ϶֣ǰ޽磬ﻹ˼Ҷ㣬·ذˡ
ǱˣǷڵӣʱڿ϶ưոݣϺ¼壬һ˲ð
һͣҶ֮ӳǽʱȫνˣκζԸԼĻᡣ
ôû뵽
ԪһĴȣɣҲʱˣҶûżһֱȵ죬ԭΪ˴һʱ䡣
ֻһ
Ҷ˵ͷʾ͵ĶԣҪһû˵
˶ۼҪ֪ҪʲôҶš
ܣ
ҶͻȻ˵֣Ĵһѷĳֱӽڵء
˵˵
رǼŮ׷סҶϵ⣬˵ݺݵȥ
˵˵˰ɡ
Ҷֱģ˵Χ֮£ֻġ
ҶҶͣʲô˲Լ
ң
֣˶ĬˣҶʲôʱҳϹϵˡ
һɻ֮ɫǹң߶Ҷǰ˸Ӵ򲻵һȥôᳶϹϵ
һȥ͡
ҶһЦȻҴ˹ϵѵǹȯʱ˫нһ
ҪˣйϵˣһЩɵ
Ż֮ɫҶƺڽҵ
ûнƣһҽ˵ʱǰɢϢ˵ǾѺ֮
Ҷ¶ЦݣýƵʱ򣬾ġ
ʦܣͲҲˣҲֻҪϤһ£Ҫ֪ƣ᲻ᷴҧһڡ
ǵģܽҵƿɲףŪ÷Ūɳ׾
İɣ֪ôҪǷȻҲа취
Ҷûм˵ȥǿУԽԽңЩгϣ׷׷ԼĴָѰҶҪԴ
ֳ棬ֱ֮ǿһԪʽԹ񣬵һγ֡
¥վ̨ϣһЦ֮ɫǼ۸ߵãڵãƴʱ䣬˭룬˭ʤߣĸŵġ
Ժޱ¥ʥħ壬壬׷׳ᣬݱɴսơ
رʱ٣жϲ˭ȴ룬֮£ֻϵķʽ˭ʸ񣬡ʯͷ
ŷҮӮˡ
ϵķӮöƣ˷ܵǴδôĹȻ˿ģȷʵǺܶʼδġ
ҲУ
ȫˣﻹᣬһӻ⻹ࡣ
ܶˣļ۸չȱٵĲϣ컯򲻵ƣҪ
ܶûлõƵģóϵĲϣ۸ߵãܶ˺ֳѾһš
ҾһҪˡ
ʮֻңľɤӣôྲü
ȻֻתƵ£ʼʶΪһöƣҪʮԴһ˺Ѵ롣
ʮֳʮˣҶʲôûмϻȱʱ䣬˴ˡ
ɺˣ
վȻָɺ˵ˣ
￴ˣˡ
ɺΪ⣬ֱóָ¥öƣ˵Ļᡣ
һϣԭǻڵģ㾹Ȼһƣд
ʮղóĲϵУһȻڵĶɺȸˡ
ϵܣǧ컯ҿԷָһöƣ㿴ô
ɺЩ˼ȷʵƭɣΪƣʲô涼Ҫˡ
ƨûڵĶĵҪöȻݹڲ
ҲǱƢһöҪֵöŸġ
Уһöҿǳ˴Ĳϡ
ɺԸ⣬˫ֲݣΪһöƣҪ֡
λϢŭҪˣü
ݣ¥˵ˣ䣬һûȥ˵Ȳˡ
֮£ǧ컯һöƣɺӦռ˲ϣڻڡ
Ѿһηˣʼõ飬Ƶֿ֮ʼ
öһ飬ҪĲҲԽԽ࣬Ҳ˵˺ڣҪĲֻԽԽࡣ
ǰʱ˱ˣں棬Ҫ˫ĴۣǾ
вϣöҪˡ
¥һ䣬˴˽ӽʮϣһǴһϴ룬ʵ
Ŀˢˢľۼȥмһµ꣬ߣһŮ
֮УҶͻȻһ岻վ濴˹ȥҲ˰ϡ
ҶϱʮأҶ֪ʲôˡ

꣬Ҷһʱ䣬ûг֣ΪͻȻɣˡ
Ҷ磬˭
ûпҶ֣عŹ֮ɫҶʵ
û£һѶѡ
Ҷôҵģ˵ϹѩȷҶˣεҪɱԼ
Ŷǲ
ҶѣȻҪ
ˣֻǼѣ̸Ϻ졣
ҶӣÿϹѩԷ׷ɱԼһ϶ⲻһսҶ䲻£ǰǻᡣ


1410 
Ҷ飬ɨϹѩƺҲԼһ㣬񳯰俴˹
ֻһ䣬һ޶Ҷ⣬ھ޴֮УֻҪúܶ࣬Ǻӵ
ϹѩηԼģһۿĽƣҲϹѩƵ
ʦܣƺʶǣ
תͷҶʵղֳɱ⣬̫ˣرϹѩߵϢʮǿ
ʱһ࣬ڻˡ
ģɱҶ㣬ĲΪˣģҶϹѩߡ
˲ѹɵӶˣϹѩɱȻǳҶġ
Ҷ磬˭
Ź֮ɫҶĸ첲Ҫ֪˵˭
˵Ҷ֪𣿡
ҶЦһϹѩ˭˭ΪҪε׷ɱԼҶԼ㲻ͷ
ӱ򣬵ݣٵ򣬾һһҶߵ
Ҷı鲻ѣҶĬƾղһϲ磬Ǵ˶֣ԲҶ㵣ġ
ʦܣҪСĴˣǸ֡
˵֮󣬷ϹѩѾ뿪ˣƣ뿪˵ء
˵ˣɨˡ
ҶһϹѩ֮ԺǰҪ̫ˣĹ˼
Ѿ˰ȻĽ׶ΣöƣҪϰټϣмʮ˲ܴ롣
ûа취ֻܰ໥չҪĶһóǱڶҶ㡣
㲻ͻᱻߣȻǾţ벻޽磬òɽϿɣˮһգҪǱɽѡУȻѶԴҲֵá
ǶĲֻһΣҪһǧ꣬˭Ļᡣ
ԴڵϣڻˣͿ˭ܸõİա
İöѾһ룬ʣ޼ˣҶԼ˶ʮö֮⣬ȫ
ʥޱ¥ƵƵ֣ٴιһأÿֻʮöûлˡ
ڳħ壬壬壬һϰٸţ壬ҪСһЩᡣ
ʲô˼Ǵ˲ϣΪβǡ
ǷʥĴγˣѾʮöƣһξȻٴδ룬˭֪Ҷ㶨¹أһֻʮ
˼˸ߴˣǲŶĹأκţֻʮ
¥˵ǷʥСУǽöƣһš
ţŴвϣ׼ƽЩƣȻһջǵõʮöơ
Ҷ㣬СӼֱ
ҶƶĹأķʥ۴У޲ھͳȥҶնɱ
˼ҵģ˼Ȩ㣬ûǹԸ뿪Ĵʱ̶ǿġ
ܶѾҶͼǴ㽫İöƽɢȥ޽磬ҲǸУԱʮ־ȡ
ǵж޽磬Ҷ֮󣬻衣֮УǱΣա
˶ҶֶȻЩҶ㣬⼸Ӵֶγ۷ˡ
ȯԼÿŹһһǹԹԵóԴ
ĵĵȻЩСˣҪչҪһʱ䣬ЩţǿԴȫ붼¡
Ƶڼٵļ٣ֻʣ²ʮöˣڵľǼң˰ȻĽ׶Ρ
˾Ĺۿʼգδ˵ʶעܣĿɨ˵ӣеǣҲ˷ܣӵĽ֯һ
˶ԼĶǰȻˣԼĶѾҫ۵š
ҶǿߣĵģҶܲܶȹһأһжҪԼˡ
ҳˣҲʮöܿңңң׷׳֣ʮöƣֻʣʮöˡ
һʱ䣬İöȫ۳ȥҶҲԸԳĻвϣĽҶԭеĹơ
ΪܻЩ޷룬ǵ͹Щ˵ĹǾ֮ԼѰұ
ãЩԴͻƾŽٵбˡ
Ҷλһööָͽá
ߣҪȥҵˡ
Ҷ뿪Լǳȥ
ܶûƵ˳ٳٲԸȥţԹйҶϣƶһĹأ޷ƣ˺ܶˡ
ǰջô
߽֮ͨУЩǳˮһӿҶֱӭȥҼϹ֡
ҶСֵܣǸ̫ľϲ
Ҷ㣬ҳϷ׷¶֮ɫˣûô䶯Ϊһˣһ
ֻҪǰͺá
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲںһмʮ˷׷߳
֮ҶӰ֮УܶҪ㷢ѣȴҶҵһ
ôҵߵһˣ
ʥ˺ܶˣһٽҶնɱҵһ𣬾޷ˡ
С̫ͷˣ϶ʲôıƣȡҵĻġ
ʥһ϶ݺݵ˵ΪҶûɱҡ
һ·֮ϣҶ˵ЦƺʮǢ˵Ŀ⡣
Ҷ㣬㶮ýƣ֪֪ˮܸۣҲңһҲ뽫ɱˣӶԴ
ҶϲǰУ˭֪һ۾ͿˣҶڽơ
ǰһȻ˵ȫԽѹαҪôࡣ
Ҷ㲻÷ȷʵڶģҪҲһҶͶˡ
ţ֪Ҳ֣ܸһ𣿡
ǲףҶţҾͲ֡
ܼ򵥣ӽһ̣Ҿ֪ˣҪɱңͲֹҡ
Ҷ¶Ц⣬ʱҶԼѣͻȻ֣Ҳߡ
ϣԼȫûбҪֱ֣ڰͿˣαҪȵֵʱ򣬲ͻȻð
ϸڶˣҵϣȷʵڽҵ
Щ𾪣Ҷϸڶˣڳ˽֮⣬ֻҶһˡ
ǰܸΪʱ򣬲İһΡ
Ҷʮֺ棬ΪҪаԼƺ֮䣬ûʲôɡ
һæ
ҵĴͷˣҵλԳߣȨܸߣȻҶ㡣
ŶҶ㲻飬Ρ
ҶͻȻͣס˽ŲĴ֮ףʵǵ̣Գ̫࣬Ƕ㲻飬鲻һѡ
黹㲻ɡ
Ҳ֪ڷ磬ûסҵ飬ͲһˣڷҲǰɽ磬һ͵ȵˣͿԽҺɨ
˵
Ҷʮֺ棬ʲô飬Լɡ


1411 ı仯
ģ޽֮ϣһæ
һ˲ܿ쿴ڣһĶͨӣʮϣַţڴ½߶
ô
Ҷ㻹һͷˮһҲʮ˽޽磬ʲôҪ˰æģȷʵɡ
⵽ʱ˵ֻҪһΣνƵôˣ㿴ɺã
ûֱӸҶʲô飬Ҫȵ޽翪ʱ򣬲ſϸ֪
оܾĿ𣿡
Ҷ̯̯֣˼ҾԼһΣְԼһΣھܾȷʵ˵ȥˡ
֪ҵŵƽʣ»ӭںܶ˵֪ʲôǴҶ֣صİϣܿҾ򳬼
ԭȵҪҶ㷢ѵˣ˿̺޵Ҷ֮УҵҲ棬ɢϢ˸֮
Ϣö֪ܿҶߵıȽϽƺбȫҶ˼һЩĻ޴֡
а¾޽翪ӣһһؾʮ죬ǻҪ뿪򣬻صԼţûʱ䶺ˡ
֮£ӿ뺣򣬶̶һʱ䣬ߵľͲˣ׷ȥ
˴Сʱ䣬ҲǳʣҶԽߣص֮Уֱѡ˶Եıչء
Իͼ֮УҶ񣬻а˱ںٶã޽磬Σܶ࣬ҶҪһпܣԼʵ
һ񣬽ĸŽٵɵĳ̶ȣȻٰɾҶҲԱ֮
ϰټϷ˳ãʮԣںöҶ͸
һӡˣЩϷ׷ڻֱ뵽֮С
ͻȻ֮䣬ɢ⣬ͬһģʮĿ
֯ϧ·һ𣬻۳һ֮ϡ
ֲϣϣϣͳͳܽ⣬Ϊ޾Դɱ֮С
Ҷ㴫ڸԪӤ֮ҲнչʼԼ꣬൱Ҷڶ壬ǰ򵥵һ
Ҷ㱾һԵǰҶᾳ䣬һжҪͷʼ䲻һжҪ
ڲһҶȫͬ±һԻҶ㣬
˱ְɣ
Ҷ˰˱߿ʼһ˫ƣǵأа˱׸ǡ
ַһԵĽ׳׾ˡ
ҶֶΣ죬ܶطȫΥع켣Դһ߳Լһ·
׽ٽ٣һʵǿ׽٣ֱ֮ϡ
䣡
׽籩һɣ޷ֺ
ܵ׵֮˱ҲʾȻԼղϣҶöϣ̶̼ʱ䣬ǧöڲϵġ
ϰףȥ
Ҷɱ¾֮ҲʼգȻҪҪһĿС
׵ٶԽԽ죬൱ڽ棬ע⡣
ϧǰԻͼ磬ȥһ죬ŹȥһʱҶڱҪʱܡ
üݾϿһΣǻʩչʥҶѷɣ˵øлǾ֮
һν޽磬Σս࣬Ըŵ׷ɱ޽Σ
ɣᣬҶѹ˸ԴȻǺܲԸóˣûŭһץᣬ϶ŹԼ
Ψһİ취ʵϵֻҪŽٵɣҶȫţԼԱ֮ˡ

ҶͻȻ͵֮ţ޾ĺɽ編ͬһӤֱۣ֮ϣҶһץɽķֱӱɵ֮С

Ȼ磬ҶҪϵĻֻۣҪһʵĳһʵĵص㣬Ϳͻƾ硣
һץҶɣᣬЩ֪֪θ롣
˽ٵɣɽ֮ţǿķ򣬿Ҷӣƺûжѹȫɵ
ܶŽٵɣץɽ編ҲҪܳһʱҶ㵹ãһʱ䣬Щ򣬾ͳ뵽档
ͻƣ
ҶͻȻͻһΣܲͻƵŽٵɣ޽簲ȫҲбϡ
ԪǺˮһصĳײÿεƿĵطֱһǧ޷γЧĳһδʧܡ
ǲУ
ķ򲻹̣޷ҶͻƣҶڵѾ˷Ķˣ޷ڽһǽӴɽķ
Ȼͻƾ磬Ǿͳ忪Ѩ
Ҷ磬ʼصѨԪԺͻƣǸ˽֣ЩԪǺ
һööɾըҶ⵽Ѩ֮С
ˣ
ҶоԼĴȴһѨ򿪣ʱ䣬оԼ˫磬ڵƾһ֮һŽٵɡ
úúãѨȻ磬ǿʵ
Ҷûκģʮöɾ֣һ󣬿ʼҪɽϢˣ˶Ҫɾա
һööɾըһѷĩڵϣҶöѨ򿪣һһöѨȻڶͷ֮ϡ
ͷѨ򿪵һ̣ڿٵӣ·һƬµأܾɫˣ
άһǿ˿ǿø͸ҿԴӸǶȣһ
֮һЩƯĸҶ㶼һԭء
ʶȻĹܡ
ҶҲЩȣʶһֱǳ䵱۾ôֻ˾룬ûá
ŷ֣Լǹªˣʶþˣĸ֣ʶɱˣֱӶ˵ꡣ
ȵȣ
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôԼ鱦֮У˶ľ룬֮⣬Щ궼벻ϵ
ֱó鱦䣬ҶһֱһƿٳٲͻƣѵԼûдѨԭ
ϸжһ飬鱦䣬ܶط¼ķǳޣҪԼϵȥһξἰ굽һľ磬ԻΪΣǧ֮⡣
ڵԪͷųԪϣԪΣҶ㻹ǵһ˵
鱦䣬Ҷϸϸı仯·Լ˶õԪͻȻҶ˳
Ȼ䣬Ԫһ㷢仯һ˿Լģʮģ޷ıΡ
Ȼ
ҶԶ϶ԪҲһֱҶ㶼ǾԪûеԪ
Ҫı䷽ˣҪҲҪԪ񣬸Ҫ磬£ʵ


1412 ӿ
һֱҶ㾳١
ϴ֮⣬ԪҶ㼸һϲͨڴһµĴš
Щ׵ӣҶߣֱӱգҶ֮⣬ڷӡ
ƯҶߵԪ񣬱ԽԽʵƺγʵʵļֻ岻Ǻƣȱ첲ȡ
ʱ䣬Ҷ㱻׵ûԪͻƵ˾ŽٵɣھͲľˡ
һͻƣҶܷ춯صı仯ԽԽСǰޱȸߴ
ֺ֮վҶǰͬһɽѹƵҶ㶼ϰ̾û뵽˽ıȱ廹Ҫǿ
һֱκ÷ʵڱ壬ԿƵ
Ҷ㵹ãĸһȫںϵһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣֵһ㡣
һˣһħȫͬ
仯Ļǰ˱渡ɽ·һɫڸ֮ϣҶޱ𾪵ǣڸλãһɫӣУϵ
ѹ
Ҷָһ㣬ԶһɽȥͻȻ֮䣬ɢɽ⣬棬ܳûҶѾԶľˣֻ¡¡
ģ
ѣԻͼʼζҶ£һѷ쳯ܲϵ죬ŵֱӷ
֮ϣǹƣ֪쵽˺δԶɽ忴ˣֻһ޴İ˱С
һ׵Žٵɰɡ
ϰҶϣŸɵϰ̾磬תǰҲʥȫһϡ
Ȼ̫ľϲ
һУΪһǷ˻Ҷģʶ͸ȥָڲռ١
ЩľõɽڷٵھŽˣһǰô
𣡡
Ӹһζһ޺𣬾춯أһ޴޳ˡ
Сף
ҶһУС˳ȫëƤɢ⣬ѾǴ֮ɫӰɫëƤ֮УðһЩɫëƤ
磬׽֮ҲͻƵ˰˽ٵɣǵ츳ͨѾ׵ĽŽٵɴ֮⣬ﶼҲ
С׵츳ͨٴνǰܴǧ룬ڹܺѾþˡ
úúãϲ
С׵ԴҶһ˷֮ɫЩ֣޽ܸõ
ǳȥɣ
ҶСףӰԻͼ֮˳Źȥʱʱ䣬Ҷʵȴ˾仯
֮ҶŮദһʱ䣬׼޽飬ڵѾȵòͷˡ
Ҷ磬ǰȥ޽磬һҪСģǧҪǿܶ㣬ܱܡ
µˣᣬȻҶֿ۶̶̼ʱ䣬Ҫֿˡ
ûµģͼµʱ䣬Һܿͻ
Ҷ㰤һȦʱҶԥˣ֪˵ʲô
ҪСġ
ֱ˽Ҷ㻳ʼҭ岻ϵĶ£Ҷ¡
ˣ㿴Ҿ˶飬ǰȫĻŻ𣬴ЦһЦ
Ҷİļ򣬸һοЦݣôҲҪġ
ʹģ仹Ҷĸ׷ǰУһδ֮УҶʮ츳ĵӣ׼һ޽硣
ͿǵˣܻųԺ˵Ķ
˵֮УҶһʮ뿪˺򣬸ڳһصε׼޽硣
Ҷ磬İɣһú׷ġ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ٴβһ󣬸ıʱ䷨һ죬һʱ˴ʱ䡣
ػҲڶȼӹֻ̣ҪǾȫ֮û˿Ժˡ
Ҷ㽫аŮƵҩһЩҩʦһҪǿ󣬵ƾԴǲҪԴԴϵĵҩ
似棬ָ㣬˵ҲһǧʵڲϵķҲΪ
ÿ켸ͻƣ컹ŵӣ洫ӣҶƶһأ˿ɱֻвϵĥ£ſԸĳɳ
ΪˣҶ㽨䣬һãÿ춼ȥһʱĿУӶͻƾ硣
һзڳ϶ҶΪǵ񾭣ЩǷǷȱġ
رǲųĸãӦ𣬵ӽȥѡ񼶱𣬿ͬҲԸһ𣬶ֻ᲻ϧһдɱЩԵʵǲϵ
ЩӳɳЩĻܱ⣬Խսɱ֮֮ͬУȫѹ
̣꺢ͯȫ֮С
һ֮Ҷ˻ص˷ڣ˵ĵӣдҶǰݼһ¹ף˵һɣǵ顣
ʵҶ˵׼ҶʱѾɣǵȫ֪
Ҷ㣬ɣǵѾ֪ˣ޽绹ʮҪһһԴӣȫ̻˰·ǲ
ҶҶ㣬ҲЩҫڷͷϡ
ڸҶùϵҲΪʱһ޽ͻƾ磬ڴǰʮھԻΪ֮Уҫ۵š
ʲôʱ
Ҷû뵽һι׾ȻԴӣǵİȫʮֵġ
ʱ䲻Ϣ죬ƶʱ䡣
ײδżȥ޽磬ҶϢ񣬶޽ܶҶ㻹˽⣬⼸죬˽Ϣ֪֪ˣܰս
˵֮󣬹óһӣҶ
ǹ޽Ϣʱ䣬ȫա
Ҷ֪һЩǴ֪ȷʵޡ
л
Ҷӹӣսָףصס
ڼ䣬Ĵӿһɹɰӿ
ħڶڻҲΪ˽޽硣
Ȼǲܷɽ磬ķʮʺԽɽķͻƾ磬׳
Ҫǣ޽ΧɱҶ㣬
Ȫħţ־ۼУһλȪħŵõʮöƣѡ˾֡
û뵽ǣȪħŸħڴʷȻϵһԲߣҶ㡣
ڻʱ˫һǧɶˣ˿ħ壬ƽǸог꼴١
ħ壬һаʮˣΧҶһˣȻͷۣҲѣħɷѿġ
ε򣬻ˣΧһˣ޽֮УնɱҶ㣬ͻƾĻᡣ
һҶͻƾŽٵɣҲû˿ԿǼʮɾһ𣬲лὫҶɱ
ЩϢҶȻ֪ʶ뵽˲֮У޽ɴҲ


1413 ħ
Ҷʶ׸Сӣ¼޽顣
һĴ½Ҷǰ޽磬һӽɽĴ½
Կɽ磬ɽʹߣҲ˺ѿռ䣬޽磬ѡš
ǧһεֻأҪʼˡ

һʱҶ޽֮Уʶ˳һ̣һ˿ʮƣ
ԭ޽磬ҪռռԽ࣬ʵҲԽаֻռһʸμǰʮʱʥ̶Уɽָβ
ҶЩϢǰȫ֪ǹªˡ
ЩϢݸ˵֮ǽ޽磬ҵ٣Ǹıʡ
˲ҪҶܣԼĴУЩϢȽȫ档
ˣҲ׼˲ӣֻҪǲμӵ˵ӣһݣȫ޽Ϣ
ΪǺĴ½û࣬޺У޳ûʮΣգϽǧ˽ȥֻİ˻ųǳա
˼ԴҪȥһ뿿ɽ磬ڶ
Ҫܵõɽһɳ죬ӴԾͥҲǷˡ
ʱһζҶ˶ټһηܹʮ˲μӣ˵ˣνǿǰ׳
ϽʮˣһжҶкܴĹϵ
ιԴӣ̫ϳУʮͨϸʳӣ˵㵽Ϳǵıˡ
ҵн
óнǳ֮죬ѹҪߣΪзнĹϵ
ҶսȣսǾлУǿߣһƾܻ䡣
нʵʵҼǳ֮ߣ°빦˶⡣
һѣ÷нһЩӢӣͼɽ
ڷнϣңԶǿգһǰ޽磬֪жԶʮľ룬Щ֣Ѿóߴˣ˺üʮ
нûռ֮У·˲ƹܣ˲ʧԭأʧЩգۼĹ򣬼Сֱʧ
н뵽˼žʱ֮УԼУ趨꣬ƫ
һƬнһ˵ЦҲڰʮ͡
ʱһȥҶÿǸ׽ֺ̽ڵľ硣
ڰ˽ٵѾа֮ˣһֱڻᣬ׵ĽҶ˺ܶණ
˺ڣչͻƣҲǻ۷򣬶ǲ塣
׵İʵһֻޣҶʮֺ棬Բͻưɾ档
ӣ֮Уʤ˲ˮԴ֮֮ȵȣЩдĺۼ
׸Ҷһ飬õһķչһط֣ͻƾŽٵ˵ھԪأһ򣬹˶޷
Ψһİ취ѡһҵͻƵ㣬֮ƣʣµİԪأͼ򵥶ˣˮɡ
Ҷ̫ˣһֱҶ㶼Ǿƽ⣬⵼ʧ⡣
׵Ҳ޵ֻҪͻƣԼԴܿͻֲȱԼҪı·ˡ
Ԫأ֮ڰһֲǽݾҶ㲻֪Ҳ֪ҪҶԼȥ
ֻǸҶһ򵥵ʾϲһ֣׺һ֣ʹ֣ǺѣԼ嵽ʲôԣ֮ѡ
ʣµӣҶԼڷ֮Уκ˲ǰţĿ˼ԪԾһֲ׺͵ģҶ㲻֪
СӣԷ֮⣬֮⣬ѾǾֵ⣬ʮһ֡
ҶĿ˼ҹϰʱҶ㡣
ԹˣС
Ҷ˫ۣԹˣʮһֵ⣬лûһָԼǿ׺Ҳ屾ԡ
һûԹ
ϰüͷͻȻһ壬ƺ뵽ЩʲôҶ㣬һҶһֱû顣
ʲôԣ
Ҷ棬ϰףԼʮһκ˶ֻ֮֮֮⣬ȫˡ
ħ
ϰʮ֣ص˵ֳֻأȻҶ֮Ҳֻ֮;ͬĶ
Ψħ֣Ҷһֱûвϴ˵һΣҶħԣħת
ʱҶû⣬ϰҲû⣬ڻѵ棿
ʲôЦ࣬ôܲħ֡
Ҷֱ֣ӷ񶨣ܵģ࣬ôܸħմϹϵ
ȱżϣʮָô£ѪںϣһжħѲ˵ĸϵ
ϰҲҶħ壬ħײгԣҶϿײУֻɱ
һмҶЩγɵģ޷Ϊɺϡ
Ҷ˲䱻صʮ֮ǰʱԼԽγΪѪǲˣѵԼѪħת
һ뷨ҶԺ滮ֱܿһһ
ħʣ˾Ѫ޾ѪҶŴһϲ񣬺ܿЩͲ
ԥˣԲ֪ˣħΣ㱾ĲԼĵߣħһ֮䡣
ϰ׿Ҷ˼ѵ
˵ûħȫһ֮䣬òбħ廹Ҫ־һǧΪƣȻ壬ΪҾħ塣
Ҷ˵ͷϰ˵ĲԼʲôѾı䲻ˣֻԼı䣬Լˣһħ
˫ۣҶ㹵ͨڲ뵽ħ֮УȻ֮䣬Ӿħðڻ棬ǵħ档
ЩĽҶҪҶ㣬ܵħ棬ſڣҶص
ܵľҶ޶ãıħΧħ֮Уŭзŭ֯һ𣬲ϵسҶꡣ
һ̣ҶʼҵĶվҶϵĽһֱҶϢڷı仯
ڵħҶڲͷųҲȫŤˣ·ھ޴ʹࡣ
һ˿˿ֻصħűĵ䣬Ҷһֱûв򣬾һЩֻֻ֮Զ
ֻأԽֻ֮ţԽҶ
ɢĺɫħԽԽ࣬ҶװѾҶ㱾壬ħ棬ҶͬһڵĻˡ
Ľȫˣղֻ̽Ե˵һ䣬ѵҶħת
ⲻܣһ֮࣬Уô˴ħҪԶħ廹Ҫ񡣡
ĽȫˣվԶϣҶһ㱻ħûȫ֪롣
˿Ҳܵˣ·һԶžħѣһӦǹףһʱ嵽Ҷ㷿䣬Ҷ㷿գóȻȥֻܵҶԼ
չ˴óȻ룬п߻ħ
Ũħ
ŷ䣬˶ܵˣƺħΧˡ


1414 ɱ¾
нƺħȴֿħԺδ·˵ꡣ
ħԣʱҲ޷赲ħԵ͸ѵҶħ壿
һʺţ˵ͷǲţҲţʶҶʮˣҶһħûκιϵ
ħô£ǴҶ㷿洫ġ
ҲҪϹˣȥҶˣȻ
˵һ䣬ȫȥҪӰҶ㣬Ҳֻɺϣ˵Ҷħ壬Ҳš
һһҹҶȫ뵽ħ֮У԰ΣЩħ͸֮УҶ֮Уɢɺ֮ɫ
ʮָԾð˳һָʮָۣɢħ⡣
ħ͸һ̣Ҷʼ·Լصļ䡣
ʮ֮ǰҶ㵽׾ʲôȫ֪䱻ڻ꺣
ħ͸һ̣·ż䣬ܿ죬һţħ޷֮򿪣͸´δ֪ȵ¡
˭
ҶŭԼħȻ˵׺κħ⣬Ҷ㶼׵ա
ħʲôħɱ¾пᣬѪ飬̡
Ҷ˿̣޾ɱ¾֮رʮָϴָԼû˵ʲô壬Ӧħϵĵ⡣
ɱ¾ɱ¾Ϊɱ¾
ҶһδηŭʮָɢϢ·ܳƷн˲㤵Ϣϯн
޾ҶɢҪйȥȴҲйڣָоʮܡ
ͬһħ޾ħܷķ䳹ûϰ֮£ֻûΪһƯ֮ϣ⵽ħͬ
ôħ֮ѵħ᣿
ĽȻΪ˼άƣ𺳵ǰɵľ󣬻޷ܡ
𣡡
ЩħҶ֮Уɼʹ࣬Ҷ㷢˺ѷεʹʮָĦҪ˺
ǻѣҶĻ˺Լ壬ͷֲֿ
ħ濪ʼҶĹĦӹͷ͸һ˿˿ɺħ֮
ܣҾħ塣
ҶҪŭȴһֶ˵
ҪйҪɤӷ·һֻεĴסˣĿסô޼¡
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Ľ֮ϣȫﲻæҶ㰵żҶ޾ĺڰ֮УԼףҶȥħ֡
ҪֹѾˣҶҪԼսʤħսʤħԣܻعǡ
һͳ˻Ҷɤ淢ͬҰһ㣬нطˣ׷䣬֪ΪҶˡ
ħԿʼ͸֮УҪռҶһͷβħ
ı仯ҶʮָͷԽԽɢϢʮַһ˿˿У̵ֹɱ¾ָ֮͸
ˣɱ¾ϵɱ¾
ҶͻȻŭɱ¾⡣
𽥻ָҶսʤħԣ֮еħߣص˾ħ֮УҶָףûջȥɱ¾֮ԽԽŨɢ֮С
ɱ¾
ҶһͺȣʮָͻȻſһߣɢ֮Уץȥκεطǡ
꣬ꡭ
˲䱻飬Ϊ޾ʧڿ֮УҶʮָ˺ѡ
ĽϾˣ˶ܣ㱻Ҷʮָ˺ѣҺҶ֪Ľ׵ĴڣĽ׶һ١
Ҷڵ˺ʲô¡
Сӣû˰ɣ
ĽµʵһСˣҶǰ̽Եʵ
ûˣ
Ҷһ飬ֵķԼľ羹Ȼɶˣ̸ϾŽٵɣҲǰ˽ٵɣƺһֻ̤˾ŽٵɣһµŻ
ղˣһΪ
Ľûм˵ȥΪҶΪһͷβħúȥδӣǸҶ㣬ħҶȥ
ѾһĽҪ뿪ܣһپ٣һ
㵣ˡ
ҶղȷʵЩ£˵ĽףԼ£ΪԼزˡ
Сӣ㲻Ĳħְɣ
Ľ̽ԵʵôԪأҶûκηӦħ֣ôı仯ħǿ֮һɱ¾и
Ҳֻ֪ǾãղҺǿǿĿ˺ˣβö֪
Ҷ㲻ȷʵɶˡǰҶβ򣬶ûʲôչƫƫħ֣˰磬һбҶĵȻħ
㲻õģҲֻһɺ϶ѣħ壬ӣƸĹкܴĹϵ
ĽȰοҶ㲻Ҫ̫ѹ
㲻Ȱң֪ôģֱһֱ׷Ŀ꣬ı䣬Ҳᶯҡ
Ҷ˰֣֪ĽΪԼģܽΣҶ㶼ģ֪ԼߣȻΪħҲڳħһ̣˽Լۼˡ
ȥɣ˵ˣٲȥ϶ˡ
ղҶ㱻ħռݵʱ˺ܶˣĽ׸֪һϽȥһ¡

Ҷջɱ¾֮ʮָһջȥ̫Сʺʩչɱ¾޽磬ԾʩչҶа˵ǲ⸡һ˿ߡ
򿪷ţֹǳٳûȥһϴŵ֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬û°ɣ
һ飬Ҷûʲô⣬Ǹղŵħô¡
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Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣܱô˵ģԭҲһҸ
Ҷ㣬㾳ˣ
һ׷Ҷľˣ˵壬ǰ첻һ

ҶЦһɱ¾֮磬㲻ʲôϲ£ҶĿ꣬ͻƾŽٵɡ
ѵԼĴ
׼ǵãϴҶԼ̸֮ǰôҶͲԼĵⲻܡ
ǲʮ꣬ҵԼĵҶˣ̫˼ˡ
ɺϣɺϡ
ҶûĽͣԼӵħ飬Խ֪Խã𲻱ҪĿֻţԼħԴ
úúãȻ겻š
һ˵֣ˣûмš
ˣҶɢ˰ɣ޽ϾҪˡ
Ҷû£һҲôҶɢȥ޽ڳٳߣִܿܵ
Ҷٲ׾ͻŶˣҺҶ㼰ʱĲɱ¾⡣
˷׷ȥнҲٶȣӹٽͣУľҲ𽥻ָ
ǿ쿴ɽˡ
ָŴ⣬Զͷϳһʰ쵵磬ɽӰ
ӰҪ֪ٱҲ˵Ѿӽɽˡ
ϧһռ侧ڣסˣȻǹףҲ޷Ծֻʵʵ򾳽磬ϣгһգܷɽ硣


1415 ռ
ŲõǿգĿ·ɽ֮Уȫˡ
ҶҲ⣬ʮˣϣгһܵɽ磬Ѱ֮ҵԼ֮ա
ĽҲޱȼˣڿɽģҶԵĸоĽ׵仯ЩЩ˷ܣЩڴ
׼һ£ǳȥ޽ڣȺɽָ
Զ򣬸޴ɽȣЩһɢ֮Уɽ磬棬һ򣬻ûɽһɽ
֮УǷнܶѾˣ׷뿪н䵽޽ڡ
˭Ҳ֪޽ںδֻн˲֪ɽ粻򿪣˭Ҳȥֻͣ档
ʮվһţȺǰĽ
޽磬һжҪԼˣĳܲѰһǻԵڶǱ£߼ãпܵõ
ȻҶˣҲǼ򵥵˵һ顣
Ҫ飬ΪɽעعƽԽȥ֮󣬲ʹͨѶɽҲ֪ǻᱻ͵޽ʲôطпֱ͵޵ĿС
˵һҪ飬ɽѡε˲ţ׼˽ףš
ҶμģϾǵһβμӣܶ飬ȷʵҪǰָ㡣
ˣҳɣ޽翪Ӧþڽ졣
ľ飬Բ֮ҹҲ޽翪ӣɽͨ޽ڣЩ˽ȥ
ͬǰĻǹ׸ϣȫڷнϾ޽һҪһµʱ䣬ǶҪȺ
һ˵ʱ޽罫᳹״򿪣һԿʥ̶ϧ޷ԤҲ޷ȥ
һʮˣɵ޽ڣޱȾ޴һǧ˴Եʮɢ󲿷˶ѡԭصȺ
ҲϢһ£񡣡
˴񣬽޽ҪȽҪΣա
ֻǷ͵Ϯ޽Σɽ粻ҪĻ䣬Ҫȫ͵š
ʱһһȥϵɽԽԽԣܿľƫƫһεľڣ޷ᴩȥǿĿռ䷨һ϶ᱻûҷ
޽翪ˣǿȥ
ͻȻԶһĿĹâշ·ѿһ޴Ŀӣ޽ڴˡ
һǧˣ׷վӣڸע֮£˹ȥ
һһһ֮ϻص
һʮˣҶĴ֮£Ҳɵѷ촦Ҷʮֺ棬ҲûиԼҪʲôѵˣ
ղҶѰҵӰûԼҶһ֮ɫȻҲᣬҶҲȥʡ
ҶüͻȻһԼ࿴˹ȥվһȺħ壬ɢħ
ħ徹Ȼôˡ
Ҷ㰵˵ħ徹Ȼаʮ˶˲μӣһΧĺ鷳ý޽͡
ѷԽԽ󣬺ܿǧһɽȥǿͷųǧϵƶ˳ȥ
ƹȻǽ޽Ψһƾ֤ûƣ޷ȥ
Ҷ㣬ҵÿࡣ
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һҪҶ㣬ĸûл޽硣
Ҷ˵ͷһûѷ֮Уյʱ䣬ѷ쳹׹رգʧȥ˸޽ϵ
Щеˣֻûصн֮УĵȴףԼļˡֵܡӣ޽紳һأõɽϿɡ
ѷһ̣Ҷ·һ޼ʵĴ֮УȫԼƣʧȥ˶ܵĸ֪
һʱҶŷ֣ԼѾ޽磬һԶŵĺ֮ԼĿռ䷨򣬼̶̳ȳ
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ҶһоʮʱͻƵĸо
ڲͻƵʱûҶɲóȻͻƣΣա
ͻƾ磬ʮִҪв·϶ûɱԼҪͻ֮ǰҪҵһεĵط
ʵڲУֻܽԻͼԼͻƾ硣
ʶͷųֻа׾룬޷͸ԶĵطҺǰ죬ȻûʶҲ赲ߡ
ºɫأ޴ĺ֮ӵͷųҶٶȣҲѹ޷УѰ͸Ӳף˭֪ںδ
Сףɣ
СóˣС׶Կռ⣬ӿҶѰٶȡ
𣡡
С׳֮󣬷һŭһһͷСţҶֱȥ
ߣ
ҶС׵ĲӣѸʧԭأʲôѾݹһֺ壬һ۾ϳΪγɵʱ򣬻û̬
һƽ֮жȹҶһͷޣС֮£Ž֮նɱֻŽٵɵޣʵǺǿ
ҹ޽ĺ䣬ҶҵһɽһЩ֦ȼ𣬿ãã޽磬Ȼ޴֡
磬Ѱңʲôʱҵ
Сױһ꺢ͯģѾܻˣҶߡ
Ҳ޽ޱߣλ棬ֻѰˡ
Ҷչͼܶ˻Ƴһǧ˽һ˿˻ȫɢˡ
СӣһҲܰæ
ĽҲ˳С׵ļϣҶ˵
ʲô
ҶתԴϰʵѵԼϻʲôܸӦɣ
˱ϰ״ѵ
ͽ͡
Ҷ㻹Ϊΰ˱ܸӦĴڡ
˱Ƿں巨򣬸ǽֱںϵһԼƷҲȻ֪ܲܳɹԡ
ĽҲֻƲ⣬ܸܲӦõһδ֪棬ƴڣҲܸӦںδ
ֻɻҽˣԡ
ΪʶޣҶϳȥѰңǾĴһϡ
ɫһҶСףٴ̤޾ĺĴ½ѰҴ˵֮е
˱˳Ư֮ϣɢɫâƼ֮ɢ֮塣
ЩףҲ˵֮ڣ֣ӦܸӦõ
һյʱ䣬ûκλӦûֻڻһط
Сףٵǰһһɽ֮ϣҶٴμ䵽߿֮ϣɫĹâһִգȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬תһɽ˹ȥ

Ҷ㷢һͺȣֻŻע⣬Ҫɵ
Ҫõø֮һƸǿ󣬸ҲԽԽǿ
ǰɲøĻᣬҶҪܹһԼ磬Ժж취ա
С׷ٵǰִܿɽ壬Ǻܿ죬Сͣס壬ǰ
Сףôˣ
Ҷ㲻ԣСʵ
иֲļһ
СͣͲǰЩ¡


1416 
Ư֮ϣҶǿн˻ݾߡ
С׸֪ҪҶУȻС˵пֲļһ϶м٣Ҫô򵥡
Сף֪ʲô𣿡
ҶСʵʲôС׶ʮ־¡
ӦһͷԶޣѪǿҸоѹסˡ
СҲԶޣѹƣȻǸֲļһԲһޡ
Ȼˣ϶ҪȥȻװ׵Ĵʧһ
ҶС׵Ĳӣõģ˴򲻹ӣҪһ
С׵˵ͷѪѹƣ־ĲǺܴ󣬸Ҷ㣬һɽȥ
ɱ¾֮ҶʮСģΪҲоˣһǿϢɽ֮ɢɽСﶼûУȻӴռˡ
磬
СָָɽҲһͱڣﾹȻһȻѨƺޣڶѨ棬ӦҲڸ
ߣ
ҶʩչȻܵǣٶҲܿ췢ͱϵĶѨǣѨڣֻһ˶ߣѵ̾޲Ǻܴ
һӴޣ϶ѡ޴ĶѨôСĶѨǱһСޣҶ㿪ʼɾ衣
հ˱ָʾȻڶѨ֮УҶʮΪѣóȻ붴Ѩ֪ʲôΣգŪû޿С
ֻͶʯ·ˡ
Ҷ䵽ѨԵһ޴ʯͷ˽ȥһȳƵ
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ܿ죬ӶѨ棬һŭŭͱڿʼζ·һ޴ޣͻȻѡ
ɽ忪ʼҡΣҶվĵطһѿʲôܺһɽ֮ɲ
ҶһƾͿһɽ壬﷨̣ɽֻһ֮ңӽɽķѹ˾ųɡ
ǿˣ
ҶʶԣС׿ٲͻȻ֣ڶѨҲ࣬һ޴ȱڣһ޴ʯͷҺҶܼʱ
ȵʯ£һ˶Դ˳һӴСɲϢСֱӶҶ
˻
Ҷ㵹һôޣǵһο۾гӴСһͻһ£ܵľʯ˳ȥ
ʲôޣȻ˿ɲ
Ҷ̽ⲻԷʲô磬ȲǾŽޣҲǰɾޣȫҶ֪
Сӣǳ棬ҪСģ޾磬Ӧľ磬ĳ棬ʵҲоŽ׵ɣȻһͷ곤档
Ľ׼ʶ㣬ҶͣȻǺĳ棬;ˡ
ϰ˵Ĺ򣬳Դһ¶ӣֱɽ֮ϣɽȦȫ©⡣
Բۣɣ
Ҷ־֮࣬ҲͰ׳ңͷ棬Ҳмǧֲ֮λ˺Χܽס֪Ƕôֲ
СӣҪСˣһ涢ϣһɱĿ꣬Żݡ
ĽЩ٣Ҷ㰵ģⳤɲࡣ
ϻˣ
Ҷϰ׼ȥҪҵ㣬лὫ֮սʤ
㿴۾ڵ𣿡
ϰָųˮ۾棬Сڵ㣬ֻڴСע⻹Ĳ׷֡
ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҲע⵽ˣҪ棬Ϊ
Ǿǳ㣬ںڵ棬һģһǼٵģԻֻ֣һλᣬһѡˣᷢ裬ȻӵĺǣҲŹ㡣
ϰʮص˵ڵ㣬һ棬һ٣ĸģû֪ϰҲ֪
˵Ĺһɾ޴ˣҶһȣֱ޿Ǳ߿ҪҶ븹С
ôô
ҶҲֲ棬˫ıסһԼա
Ҷ
Ҷʩչǧ׹ǿжסԼ壬ֻǻһ£Ѿ˫ȳų޿ڣ˫ֱŴܵľ·Ҫһ㡣
ֻǳʮʱ䣬ͣǿ˺֮ŻʧҶֱӵڵϣһ¡
ҪǱ棬ǳʳһֻܻ֮Ϊһѷ㣬˳
ԴУǱҪ֣߿϶ˡ
Ҷ׼ȳ֣߲ܣֻսڶѨ棬ôˣǴʧһ
ͻȻȥԽ棬ԽȫӴٶȾƣ˻һ
Ҷ㿿淢һŭĺУȨӴľХҶĤʹȻǿĳҶƷɳȥ
̵ģ⻹𣬴ܽˡ
Ҷʯϲٵطʯˣ˿ڣβͳҶɨʮֿɲ
ǿĳѹռ䷢¡¡ҪɨУҶ϶ķѣ̫ǿˡ
Сף
ҶٻһС׳ˣֱС׵֮ϣڿһԾҶ˰֮ϣ˳һǺɨղŻǰ͹ƽɽ壬ʱγһ޴ƽ̨βΪƽء
գ
ҶظС׶ÿռ֮ղǱ޿ɱܣʩչʹ֮еٶҲûгٶȿ졣
Сףĺ󱳷ɹȥ
ҶʾСףɵĺϣäѹ
ã
Сڷɣĺ󱳷ɹȥٶȺܿ졣
ƺҶͼһȻһת䣬޴ѪڣСֱҧ£ռ䶼ˣ޿ҧ飬
ģ⻹ôȫһȼ
СֱӺƳȥܿ˳˺ҧܿռݣ˾޴Ҷٶȡ
һӣһ׷Ҷζܣ涼ĸı̬ſ޿ڣҶݺҧȥ
üҶ㶼ͳ֮ڣŵû亹
СӣûԪǿǣֻҪôȥἱٵģĵĲˣڼ֡
Ҷܣϰ˳Ҷ㣬ľ
ûаѾĸС
ҶݺݵıһϰףܵĿռ䶼ԽԽСˣȥŪöԷδľԼΪʳ
ǣƣѹܻѹ
Ҷ㶼ûжΪҶҪͨԼʵһζ
ãֻˣ
ҶֱӼ񣬵ֵһ̣޴ɱݺݵĳԴնȥޱȡ
ȻҲһֲͻȻðһˣЩ֪룬Ҷ׷ſڳҧȥ
飡
ɱ£նڳϣһײӲޱȣ޷ɱ棬ֻһӡ
Ȼû˺棬ǸҶ˴ϢĻᣬǱ󱳴ı壬ϣһЩ˺


1417 
ѹƣϰ˱ٶȹȻ˺ܶ࣬ٶ˥
ҶСףΪһǣ򳤳ĺ󱳡
СףȥｻҾˡ
ҶһԾڳĺ֮ϣˤһǺϻվȣҶ֮£ֻ棬ⱻ˦ߡ
ãСģ
Сﲻæȥ񣬷ɢעǣƣҶĻᡣ
ó۷ʵƾҳɣֱʩչиһ֣ݺݵն£ڳĺϡ
꣬ꡭ
һˣиǾݣи淢һУȻûƿķǸҵʹ
ܺ󱳴ľʹڿ֣淢һŭĺУͻȻתҪҶ㶶䡣
һԭعҶֱڳһʮȴתȳȶʱҶԭ
и
ҶһУͲˣȻӲޱȣֻҪԼϵиȥһƿһӡ
ֻдһȱڣҶлὫһΪĵ󲿷
𣡡
ͻȻҶĴиˣǰѹƣиѹϾ˼Ҷ㣬ֻии
Ǿиڳϲϵתһ⣬ʮ֮⡣
Ȼ֮䣬˶Ըſ޿ڣҶݺݵҧҶ뿪ĺ󱳡
ⳤǻ۲һĸߡ
泯ԼҧҶܿ粻ܿͻᱻɵ
ߣ
ҳɣʹ֣֮Ҷɵ˿Уһ壬ص˵ϣٴһתϷȥܿ˳һǺݺݵͻ
ٶƣҶѾɱüˣÿζ
񣬹ͷ
Ҷ񣬼ѹƳԴԼѰһᣬղиĵطܶƬѾѣò˶ãܴһȱڡ
һ䣬ʩչ߱ʽ潻սһСײϵζע
ÿγҪСףС׾ͻߣ潻֣С壬һԴ
ˣ
սһҶڿշɹȥ׼ʩչи

Ȼ֮䣬Ҷо磬·ʲôͻȻԼҪѾˡ
䣡
βͺݺݵɨҶ壬ʵʵͷĶߵ壬ֱӵɳȥһѪ
ռ˲ƣ
С׷һ澹Ȼֱ͸գ൱˲ƵٶȣֱӳҶǰ
¡
Ҷ˴ųֱҽʯ֮У㱻ʯû޸壬͵һֱӱܿڶϮ
ģ
Ҷܿһɲǣβ͵ڶϮҶղصĵطһһ
츳ͨԶʱڵޣԼ츳壬ͷ棬˲Ƶͨ
ҶĨȥǵѪС׵츳ͨͬ
С׿Խռ͵֮⣬츳ͨһľ֮ڣ˲ִޱȡ
磬ҪС츳ͨ
С׸Ҷ㴫СģҪڱɨУҶҪˣҲʮܣ߹Ƕ˺ü
ôܷʩչ츳ͨ
˵ļ򵥣˲Ƽ˲ɣҶ㷢ˣҪܸܣǰԤס
ʱ򣬾ͨʱ򡣡
С׸Ҷѣ츳ͨмѭǿôȥˣΪռޣûܳС׶Կռ˽⡣
óöҩ̷ȥƲűѹסˣ̧ȥѾֲ֧˶ãȥҶҪ
ģӽ첻ĽҾͲҶ
ҶҲŭſʹ֮ٴηУĺ¡
Ȼ䣬ҶһƶܿһӴľβɨһʩչͨ
С׵ѣҶ㷢˲״ܿŲһ١
Ҷܿ˳ͨС׻ϰװһҪҶ㱾ˣҪһ־޴Ĵ
磬κޣ츳ͨÿֻʩչΣΣܲסֱӱѣҪСˡ
СٴθҶ㴫˼ʾҶ㣬ֻʩչһ츳ͨҶͬھʩչΣʱҲ᳹ױѡ
ã֪ˣ
СŴѣҶһһ⣬Ȼڶθ޷ܣڿѾһʬ塣
Ȼʩչ츳֮ͨ󣬳ûʩչΣҪȵѵĻᣬһ
ǣƣѹС׵գҶٴεϳĺ󱳣ղűиĵطЩƬò
վڳϣҶһͺȣ˫ֽӡܿùҶǰһ޴̡
и
ҶڶʩչиһǿҪȸղǿһֹԪ۳ɺ
޴̴ȫʼҵиּ⻹Ƭײʮ̶ִ
ХĦӶһ˸߹һˣͬˮһ㣬ϵĺ
꣡
һöڴСƬͻȻ˳ȥҶɹиƬ·ðһѪиڼЧˡ
ǿվǷ壬ˣҲǲֻ֮ǿƬԼ
ʧȥЩƬ͸һͨûʲôȻܵһƬͻеڶƬƬиѾѪģ
𡭡
淢һĲҽʹ࣬ƴŤҪҶ㶶䣬ϧҶѧˣϵζ
ν֮ѹ֮ҪǰʮֹһŽٵɣѹһͷ棬жٶȣһαһλ
һ֣ڷѾղţٶȻ½
ͣ
һ˿˿Ѫӳȥʮ׶ߣڴһȱڣиҲĵһɶ
ѪģҶûһ˿һٴʩչи׼иĿӣܳóʧȥս
ȵҶٴʩչʱֵˣӳڲðһƬƬƬղиĵطȫǣȻ
ôܣôǿ޸
Ҷ㳹ԭأЩţԼķôŴһȱڣȻԼ޸塣
СӣҸˣΨһѨ۾Ǹڵ㣬㽫նɱʮΣҲ֮ܽɱ
ϰ׵ٴ𣬸Ҷ㣬ٶȣľǽ֮նϣȻɱΨһİ취ǽǸڵ㣬ֱնɱĻǡ
˸㣬Ҳв棬˼ȻҲһǧСġ
Ľ׼Ҷ㣬սûԲղţҪնɱһѶȡ
ϻˣҼи壬ҾͲˣһֱôʢȥ
ھһս˭ĵȻӮҡ


1418 һ
֪һΪҲɱҶ㻹ѡ·ȻɱϿҲɲĥ˺ԽսмӰ졣
ٴ£Ǵиʼи³ƬȻ̶̳ȣղЩǧƬȻӲȣ١
ҶûкķѶ֮ٴն淢һʹĺУʼŤҪҶš
ʼȻڱСҶһ
ѹֳԴСĶѨ֮ȥԭô£һСҶ嵽ǰ棬ƿСڵ㣬ϼѣҪսپ
иʼݺݵնղ˵ĵطʱ䣬Ѫע˿ٴαѣֹͣС
ɱ¾
ʮָͻȻðʮ֮ط裬ɲɱ¾֮ɱҰ˵ѷ졣

һѪⱻҶ𣬳һ޴ĿӣѪǺˮһй˵̵ĳˮɽ
ʮָûֹͣһ裬һ㣬شǼָ˿ڴݺץ¡
꣡
Ҷ˳Ĺͷһ󣬷һһǱҶ顣
أ
淢һʹ˻ʼŤֻһǣҶж֮βʧȥ֪޷֯ЧĽ
ʼŤأֱڵϹѹɽʯϳһĹۡ
ָһҶٴץȥʮָ֮ϣɢɱǴɱ¾⣬Ҷɱ¾壬ϴڷнδܾʩչԴչ֡
ǣ
һڽڹͷҶ˳ɽ֮سײҪҶѹϧҶƻᣬһδѹơ
ʧȥ˺ӣҶֹͣʩչɱ¾һΣڳǰ棬׼۲ڵ㡣
Ȼʧȥβʵû˿ֻأһɫˣ֮ɽʯѡ
ǿ
ףʯ֣һʦļƾһܽʯͷᴩ
ܿһ䣬ų嵽ǰÿοͻһҪҶ븹У֮£Ҷֻ˻˫ٴγս
ڿٵĻָǲǿ֮նʮڣҲָ
Ҷʱ䲻ˣȫָ뽫նɱѶȻһֹѾӦҶսɡ
ضѨҶҲ޿κΣֶֻܿأò
ض˺üΣҶܳСЩ˺ϱĴǱǹɨһһѡ
Сӣʱ䲻ˣһָɱڵ졣
ĽʮֽڿٵϣҶ޷ԴʮΣ
نˣ
ҶûʱĽף֮˼£һһĿԴʮ֮ң
ƺҲ֪ҶĿģ޴ԴػζԽԽֹ࣬Ҷ㿿
˱ѹ
ҶһУ˱˳ԴϷǿѹ֮óԴ뵽˾ֹ״̬
ûᣡ
ųԴѹ˲䣬ҶͻȻʧԭأڳǰԥˣڵ㣬һǡ
䣡
Ҷԥ˲䣬˸ѹſ޿ڣҶݺҧ£ޱȡ
ã
Ҷ㰵һ˭ֻ֪ѹʱ䣬ͱڵľ޿ڳԼҧ£Ҷһᣬһ䣬Ȼ˳ıϡ
꣬ꡭ
ӳı棬һɹɰɫҶػζ㱻ǻʮָðץסıӣⱻС
ĹѹƳ棬ҶڳᣬС˳Դϣצʹ
ڴСĺڵ㣬Լֻһ֮ңҶȴ޷֣һġ
СףֱܷĸĻǲ֮
СޣҲܷһ˿ߣܸܲҶһЩʾ
磬˼Ҳǵһֶ֪һġ
С״޹Գ治Ǻ˽⣬ԸҶʲôʾֻ
ͷ­ƵԽԽǿҶҪѡ񣬼ҪָˣٲѡľҶ㣬ӳǻ洫ǿҶ˫ŶҪȥˡ
ƴˣŮңⳤһһֻģѡߡ
ҶֻϹˣʱ䲻࣬Ҳһʱ䣬ͻᱻ븹С
ϰף
Ҷָһ㣬ɱ¾֮˳ȥԼûл֣һ֣ͻᱻȥ
ɱ¾֮Ϊһ⣬ֱӴ͸գ۾ĺڵϡ
ͣ
Ҷ㿿ĺܽɱ¾֮ƤһѪͻȻһҽС
ɹˣ
ҶҲѡԵĻǴģͿŤ˫ͻȻޱɺ죬С

ǻ֮УһɹǿҶѾܲסˣʼϽǻ֮С
ãѵˡ
Ҷʮָɿ屻ק޾ĺڰ֮УֻʣԴ¶棬ڿ
ӣ
Ҷ۾ֻһΣҲ濪ʼŭβͻָ֪һɨɳȥϰ׾룬ڵϣһʱûлָ
һƹʧҶ㳹ױ˱ǻ֮УһƬ
ҶΪҪһ̣ͻȻҵĻζŤʯȫѹ촷ۡ
žعΧɽ岻ϵߣƺʮʹࡣ
Ҷֹͣ˼»ʮָڳǻϣסԼ볤ĸС
𣡺𣡺
һɲŭӳֿɲӴСʯͷܱ顣
ۣ
ͻȻһ磬ҶȻȻӳı˳ȥԶĵϣϵƬһ£ʮֲ̡
ѵɶˣ
ųʮʹ࣬ڵϲϵŤҽУЩƬƤһһ
رԭָ˿ڣٴѿѪǺˮһЩۣܲϵʣһСϪ
ų淢ҵĺУҶԶԶ˿棬֮ǰҲһ
ǳӴС۾ĵҶ㣬ЩģʼãһŨŨĶζɢʮš
顭
ʼըһѪɵĵǣԽԽСܿһѪˮ

泹ҶźһִѲĸо
ߣȥѨ
Ҷ򵥴һƣѨȥǴӶѨ洫ġ
붴Ѩδխʮֿôĳ棬̾ڵ£֪磬Թһ
Ҷ˱˳ָӦܺܿӦ֮
գۼĹ򣬸ƵԽԽ죬ٵǰȥҪ


1419 
Ҷǿн˱Ѿ֪ںδ
˳ѵͨҶԼҲ֮壬ӵѪܵٻ
һʯ·Ҷ㿴˼һĻԶһɫ֮ϵĻû̬

Ҷߵǰʮֺ棬ҶһνӴЩԡ
ʣȴķҶϲ⣬պܶò˶ãͻƾŽٵɡ
һץҶ㽫õץˣȻһʵһ㡣
棬ķ򣬸ԼӵµõȻ֮񡣡
ҶǣչѪܽ飬м˽⡣
ҶһЩΪ̬뵽֮У֮ҶƯһɫ
ԭô¡
ƯҶЩˣӦƾ֤˭õԽ࣬ȻҲԽ󣬴֮Уܶɽ編򣬲ǲȱģķ
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һУͻƵĸоٴϮһ￪ʼķǴ˼ѪŤԭȱĵطҲʼ޸
úúãܵõͻָտɴ
ı仯Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣѹ˶ԴҪ޽硣
ƾһ͵ֹʮҲղķ򣬾ǧ꣬Ҳ֪еİء
հƣǵǧ׷ƽЩǧϹŶ㲻ͻƳΪˣҲ̤۷塣
֮ҶȫָǱҪ˷йһͷֲֿ
뿪ѨѾʱ֣Ҷһ·򣬴·˸İҶѰӦ׺ܶࡣ
СףҶĿĵѰңʱ£ҪѰһ˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣ƽÿҪõϣӽ
ʮĿܿһҶЦѡ
ԼѰңҲӶᣬնɱԷԷϵӶ
ʮȣɽĴƺҪһȦȵˣ淴
ÿ׾룬ҶͻὫŵУӦڣѾȥһʱˣû֡
СףϢһ£
С۵ֱͷҶϢһᣬ̫ˣҶ㶼оЩܲˡ
磬ȣҪһ
˫أӵ͸һɹ̵ϢǱһ
ϰס
ҶͲϰ״ɽӦܽ
ɽȽȣɽʱڷǳĳһ죬һ꣬ϴ̣¶ȸߺﵽ˵زȻΪ¶Ⱥܸߣﲢɽ磬ң˷Ч¶ȱȽϸߡ
ϰ˳С׵Դϣ͡
һ죬һ꣬ɽô𣿡
Ҷʮֺ棬ϰʵ
Ҳǵ⣬ɽһڸһΨһ֮ڣɽȥһ죬Ѿȥһ꣬򵥵˵ߵʱвһϡҲҥԡ
ϰҡҡͷֱӷ˵
һҲֻǻʱȽϾöѣһ죬˻һ꣬Է˿˵ԴԶ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҲյ㣬ҵ֮
ֻгɣһϸߣлѰҴ˵֮е֮ԶǷ磬Ϊڸߣⲻʱֻء
ĹͷͻȻһƣڵס˴գ߶ڵҶͻȻ̧ͷϿȥһֱʹͷϷɹ
磬ˡ
Сۼ⣬ִӰڻζ޽磬󲿷˶ˣлһֻмȽϺõģһʱ䣬ͬ顣
޶ˣҲһˡ
ҶҲ˴棬ӰƺҲע⵽Ҷٿش½䣬ܿ콵Ҷ֮⡣
նս̵ˣ
ӶԷװϣҶϳݣӦնս̵ĵӣҶûз̫ĳͻҶնɱ˺üնս̵ӡ
Ȼ㣬Ҳ
һնս̵ӣҶ֮󣬾ȻЦ˿ûΪҶǿ󣬶֮ġ
ǳֵһ̣Ҷ;һƯһͷ̬˻ʱ䣬ֱҵһ򵥡
Ҷ㣬ȫԴʦֵܿһ
˴󲽳Ҷ߹Ϣʮִ񣬾Ȼǰɾ
ǾͲҽնɱϵ
Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣ˵
Ǹˣǽһ죬ͻ˾磬Ѿǰɾһֻ־㡣
Ҷ㻹ǰ˽ٵɣ˲޼ɵͻƵɾѾһЩֶΡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ȷʵϢһˣ￿ɽ磬ܶţܾˣ̳忪磬ɾͰɡ
˺ܿ쿿ĴƺҲųı飬СȣҪӴ󼸰ٱȫͲһȼ
Ҫϵû£ᵽ
ҶЦе˵ɽ涨ֻлһſʥ̶μӱȶǰʮ
µĽȣҪҵһǺףô໥Ӷᣬһ
ޣ˶ܻһܻһǳĲʵ
Ҷ㣬ҳǿǾŽٵɣȻͷܣǽ죬ڡ
꣬һЦ֮ɫҶɣǣƣԴöۺ죬޲ܽҶƤ
ڽ޽磬ΨһĻᣬ֮նɱû֪ԹϷԴӶһá
ǻԥʲôְɡ
Ҷ˳ֵ׼Ȼˣսʹ죬Ҷħ֣磬ԼһԼʵΡ
סҽлƷ壬˶֪˭ɱ㡣
лƷΪţߵƺ˲ԥֱӳ֣׷׼ԼҶڸǶ
ɾѾǾŽٵܱ⣬ӵͨ쳹֮ܣͶ֮䣬ɻԵ˺
￿ɽ磬׺ǣսǾ춯أܳ¡
ߣúã
ҶҲʾֱ룬ûжܣ׼̽һ£ɾжôǿԼһ֮ܲսʤˡ
䣡
ײһɣݣ޾ķϯܣͬˮһ㣬ܺݺݵĳ
䡭
Ҷһʮ˵ļл֮£·磬ѻܶ֡
Ҷ㱻Լɣ˸ŵĴЦ·𿴵Դ伺֣ҶǿǱ
ռԽ࣬ʵҲԽ죬ԽҲԽ
Ҷ㣬׼ɡ
ڶĹܿ쵽


1420 ս
Ҷ㱻ԼһɣƷĴղЩӣϾҶ⣬˲ѹ
һ֣֪Ҷ㲻ǣʱϱ˳ֱ룬ֱȡҶȫѨ
֪
ҶͻȻɱղֻһ̽ԼȻûͻƾ磬ʵһ֮ǰȣֹһǰ㡣
˴ɾѨ֮У磬ѾŽٵ̫࣬ƾԪȣʹﵽ˰ɾ
Ҷ㣬ɣ
һȣɢ⣬ֻһĺڶͳˣ˿ɲ˺֮ʹҶնʼŤĺ
ɾȻһ㣡
һɲǣҶ͸оëȻĺӿԼȫҪóȫˣֱӵŸ֮һһ㣬γ˺ˮĳϫ֮Ծ֮䡣
ˣҶ㻹ǸоǿѹԼϮֱӼ˱ѹȥ
¡
һ׵̷֣֣תҶϵѹȻᣬƺڻ𣬷·٣˵ƽԲ׵ĵ棬һա
Ҳֻݻ˵ٶȣƷеĳɢһɫâֱҶĲӣһУԴƾͻҡ
Ҷʶһ࣬ܿ˻Ʒɱһɱ¾֮ɢɺ֮ɫɱһˡ
۽Ҷ㲻ˣֻҶƫǧ֮ɱ¾֮
ԽսԽ죬ƷǷˣԭΪͻƵɾ֮ɱҶ̽ȡ˭֪Ҷһʱ䣬ʵȻ˿ֲ
Ҫ֪Ҷһ֮ǰ˽ٵɣʵĿãֻܺŽٵɣɾȻǶ֡
˭֪ҶʵʱƣҲڿٵķѾһ֮ǰˡ
ʦܣҪˣһʩչնɱ
Ʒҹζ࣬ԸһյһʩչնɱҶ㡣
д⣡
ʦܵ˵ͷгͻȻһ䣬Ʒ˺һγ˫赵ƣʱ䣬ѹȻӴ
Ҷ㣬ǵֵܽ
նսһֺĵ϶ΪһⲻǼ򵥵һһڶô򵥣һֵӡ
һܵǽ⣬ҶŲĿռ䣬˻ĲöԸ
ʢϼ޾Ľͨѻҽֲ˿棬ȻʹþɱǰնɱĽ⣬Ҷû
ʱҶҲˣɢĵ⣬֮У޾⣬Ǭ̤£ʹֱ֮ӷɳ˲õȦӡ

ЩɲĽγһȦȻûлҶ㣬γǿҵĳĹһİɾͻΪѪˮ
ϧҶ㣬ϣҶǿǣԪҶҲǣ۷Ҷǲǧ

һɲӡѻγ˾޴Ľɫص˾κ˵ӿֱûȥ
ͻ˰磬Ҷ㽫ǧݵ˼£˿̵Ҫǰǿ屶ֹһ󺣳ѹȥ
¡¡
춯صƣûƷɫ䣬ȫ㲻Ҷʵôǿܷ·һﲻƵơ
飡飡顭
ʩչֵ⣬γǿĳҪ߽ҶϢζԽԽŨ˲ǰɾôױס
Ҷһ֣ûκγɣ٣̧֮䣬ʩչǧ壬һɨǧ
ҵƣûƷһ˿֮ɫ
ǲ룬Ҳ벻ͻ˰ɾȻԽҶ㳹ѹ
Ѫǽ
˽ͻȻһ䣬γһ޽ɫݺն£ǰɾҶȻǿ󣬸ɾкܴĲࡣ
ڼʱ䣬һ˿ѷ죬ɾѾӵһ˿־ƾһ־׵˺Ҷķ
ʱ䣬˺ѣԽԽ֮Ĳֲ࣬Ҷ㾳ڶ̫ࡣ
Ҷ㣬νķˣ˵Ķ֡
Ʒ䷢ЦҶ̶ੵЦ·𿴵ڳԼ֣ǧԴӿԼĻ
ǲǣһս֪
ƽ⣬Ҷ㲢ûиоֱ֣ס֣ǲŲԷֲǲܽ޽磬ӹţǧ겻š
񣬳ɣ
һ֮սʤƷˣΨһİ취лս֡
ǧֲϣѾƷǴﵽ˾Žٵ۷壬ǿɾҲ׵֮ܽѹ
ֲ񣬻Ʒɫ䣬ϴ˵Ҷ߻һ񣬼˼٣ΪǼٵģǱҶ˵
ڿҶĵƾˣϢȻ˻Ҫرеľ޸·ء
ɱֵһ̣ܿռȻ˹ռ俪ʼȶһ˿˿ѷ졣
ķ
Ʒ˺ܿϳҶķǲ˼飬ôħΪ
мּʶ
Ҷ¶һߣȻҲܿҲзȱʵͣóҲڻңˣԱ˺ܴûԸ÷
󲿷ԷҶȫǣ绹ڱ壬ⲻ߼ôԦġ
֣
Ʒ䲻ٳɣҪΪǿ䲻Ҷһֲ
񣬸Һݺݵʰǡ
ҶȻ˵һԣ˿ͣҪ񵽵ǿʲôزУԼڳ֡
һϵҶʱעս֣ѣһ˿ԡ
⣬һɱɢǧͬһ޴ƾճ֣̫ģķʮϡ
ʽ
ɱʮּ򵥣ȴ޾ĴǴ򵥵ʽ
ʱԽ򵥵ʽԵøǼ᲻ɴݣ޸γɵһ̣ռһѷ졣
Ʒɫ䣬ʲô似Ȼأصֻ˲
κεĳɣ׷׼ֵĵһ
䣡
ɱѹȿռռƬһ£ǿѹ֮γһ͸Ĺ֣Բף
Ѫ
ٴʩչһѪĽ֣ɱʹͷӭɾ۵һ𣬾Ծ춯أ
ģ
ѣһ֩γɣ׵һ֯·ǷԲǧ׾룬𺳡
䣡
֮ɱٴ£Ȼûеֵɱ½֮ƣƷɫ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ôܣ
Щţһֻ赲ɱ½ٶȣδ֮ܽƽ⡣
ʽ
;У⻹ǵһΣ߱ʽݱزʱԸıʽγʵĹ
һδƽһ𣬻ƷûзӦĻᣬֻӭս


1421 Լ
;Уһʽһʽǿ𺳻Ʒ˵񾭣ѾЩˣɾѵƬǿߣ
ûʱ˼ɱ۳ɺ۳˲׺һķʽ׵Ĵݻǵģ߽ǵţҲ߸ǵ֪
ɱ
Ѿʶɱ֮ɱ¾־ÿһռ䣬ƺܸȾأҪй
ɱΪһɫѪȾ˰߲񷣬ŭն£һѪɫ
ĹҶǰ̾⼸ǧֺԴļֱֵ̫ˣûôЩԴ޷̶ֳȡ
ȫñѻģͷҲлرˣοħ֮񣬸Ǿء
ն
ӡ£֯һ·ߵĻᣬҪֿ
ͻȻ䣬εضѹ֮ٴαǣһһУʽʽ಻һεĴɽϵѹ
ʦ֣ҿŲסˣ
ʦɫǵͨ죬Щ֧Ųסˣıѹס޷ʼɪɪ
ڼ֣ҾͲˣСһֱôǿǰɾ䡣
Ʒ䲻ţͻȻӴһ䣬Ҷ˹ȥֻҪնɱҶ㣬ȻԪˡ
ǲ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ƷʲộնɱԼĹȻƣ뷨õģʵǹǸеġ
ɾҶûоԵƣԸҶ㣬ҶŻԣȫսʤ֡
и
Ҷֱʩչ˴иĻƷͻȻԭأһ޴ḥ̂Լи£ŵһŲһ͵һʱ䡣
ɱ¾
ԶԶûֹͣҶҪսپ֦޽Σķһǿߣ֮ˡ
ʮָðǻƷһߣоӣʮֿɲϢ·Եħ˲
ΧߣƷ¶Ȼ֮ɫױҶֶͫ𽥷Ŵ󣬿һ߲Լı۰ϡ

Ʒ䷢гһҿѾ·֪ӦսҶֶΣܲӦ
ִɱ¾֪ʧ˶꣬ܶ˼ûôֵ֪λ⡣
꣡
ڻƷеһ̣һƷ첲Ҷ˺ѣѪŹͷʮֲ̣첲ϣǱһץ
ʧȥ˻Ʒ֧֣ʦһ˸ԵֵƣѾսҲĸǲҡ
ͣ
һԴʦӦͱն˲ӣѪмʮ֮ߣһѪꡣ
Զ񿴵ʦܱɱƷʧȥһ첲໽лҪߣû뿪ˣֻܵԭء
ʦˣƷʧ֣ʧһ˲䣬ٴϮҲ۰һʣһ첲Ҳˡ

Ʒ䷢һҽУڵϹҵʹϮȫɫѲҰһƬ
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
ԼʧȥսƷ䷢Хйеķŭ
ڤ粻飬ǲңɱ֮
ҶһЦʮָγһ֩Ʒֶ£ֱӽ

ûκָ֮Уʼķ򣬴İɾ򣬻а־Ҷ˹뼺
ƷҪҽжˣоһ٣ˡ
Ҷ㣬ħ㲻ˣаħһ͵Եаħ
ԪһʧƷǷϵڵϣҶħͷβħ壬Ȼķ
ħ㶨
ҲãħҲգҶԼֲ壬οˣֻҪĲ䣬Ǿˡ
˳ָӿ뵽Ҷֱ֮Уħֻ֣գۼҵĹ򣬾ȫ
ãɾķȻǴ֮־ҪȾŽٵǿࡣ
֮Ҷ㷢Ҫռʮɾγͻƾ硣
ҶҲֻ룬ҪɾߵӦþԼˡ
ƷһɱȥգۼĹֻʣһƤֹѪҶյһɶȫħΪ
˳һֱ̣ӷɵҶϣҶ֮ϣͻȻðƯҶ
ˬҸоŽٵֽ˲٣ʮͻƾ硣
ҶԿ϶˵ʮͻ
һУҶ㳯Ʒô˹ȥҶɱԼˣŵһˡ
ˣҲ˶ã˫ǩԼ
㲻Ժңҿ԰Լ
Ҷյд޽磬Ѱͼࡣ벻С׵Ѱҡ
ܽԼ
û˵ʶҶڽǧޣĸԸ⵽˵ūۣҪǻƾƷ˸޷
ȻֻҪͬԺңȻ԰Լ
ҶЦе˵СһԼӦֵ
ãҴӦ㡣
ֻҪܻԺ˭Ѿ޹ؽҪٲԼòһյʱ䣬꣬һĵá
ʶ̬
ҶҲʶҪеִʼʩչСĻ꺣Ȼ˻ƷµӡǣǻƷģ
ӡǻƷףҶ׷֮ɫȻ־ڣ׼Ҫߡ
һ˿˿֮ҶϷֱֻ֮Ӵֻ֮ţƷ곹״͵˾ĵ֮УӴ޷ֻͨ
ʱ䣬Ժ֮еԼͱҶû뵽Ȼô򵥡
һǩԼһӵ飬˿ԽǵԼֿ
ڽԼһ̣ҶԼӡǣͻȻڣôޣǾŽޣҪƣĲס
ҶûзԣǸǩԼڸ˭ѾҪˣҪǣˡ
ȥѰɡ
Ҷһ֣СҲɵ˴ϡ
˫նа׾룬գ棬ص˿С
˴·ҶɶˣֱӼ˱·ȷ棬Ÿ߾Ϳˣһʾ
ʱһһйȥ޽Ҳϵı˷֣󲿷ֶػҪõôףΪ޵ʳ
зӳˣ
һյʱ䣬ͻȻҵĻζҪԼɳȥǷס
ȥ
ҶĴëָһȥӦȻᷢʾƵʡ
ûκγɣ˳ҶָķһԵ࣬Ǵ̵ľڵס˴󲿷ߣԵʪ


1422 
Ҳаףӵ࣬ƯľͷѾãɢʪζ
ҶںϣʶɢȥȼһܣʲôΣա
ʶˮһܳһ廭棬ϴβʶ֮Ҷʶǰôһγɻ̬
ЩľСݣĳҶǰ·ڻط3DӰһ㣬ʮ֣ʶ֮󣬾ȻЧ
ְ֮ûΣգҶջʶΪں֮£ҪõҪǱˮס
ʶ޷͸棬ʲôֲ֪ǳ˭֪ûΣգΪҶֻܴһ
ң˴
Ҷ㳯С׸˵һ䣬ڰϣԼˮʱ͵Ϯ
磬Сģ
С׵˵ͷڵϣػܣһΣգ͸Ҷ㴫ϢСġ
Ҷһֱ֣ˮУĺˮ׵͸֣Ҷ塣
ĺôô
Ҷ㰵˵ڵƷʣѵ˺ֵĵزƾˮĺҶʮܣˮǸ䡣
ӵһƬҶóһöҹʯճһԲ׾룬ҲܿУ˳ŸָһǱ

ҶͻȻһ·жιȥҶͷʱʲôҲûз֡
һƬҶ壬ҡҡͷǱҲ֪ǱˣֻǴԼһ£Ҳмʮ׵ľ롣
Խ£ѹҲԽҶǱٶȿʼŻ֮£ֻý
𽥷Ŵ󣬼ϱɢĽ⣬ҲҶ䷽Բʮ׵ľ룬ˮ磬Ҳһģš
ܵˮݣһЩҶ㲻ʶ֣ӦöϹʱģǺ㣬Ҷ㣬׷׳˱ܡ
СӣҸоﲻ򵥣ҪСģЩȫˣֻһֿܣиǿĶǲ
Ľ׳Ҷ㣬㲻ˣ϶̣Ҳˮ£ʲôȻĺܡ
пܣϧˮ£ҵʶѹסˣ޷͸ȥȻΣգҲܵһʱ䷢֡
ҶҲʮͷۣ֪ɽлƫҪɽУõлͻƾ硣

ҶҲͻȻһһˮҶһοˣ·һӰһţһβͣҶ㻹Ҷ϶
Ҷ񾭶ʱˮףҪˮ־鷳ˣսţѷӡ
Сӣ쿴棡
Ҷ㿴Ҳ࣬ûעˮµĽͻȻѣҶתԴˮ¿˹ȥɫػζˮε
Ȼ
Ҷ㿴Щˮ֮УӰӣذڶҶڳ涴Ѩɼһģһ
ǰҶȴҿΪǾãйΣڿرǸղǸӰҶ˼ѹ

ҶͻȻð˹˻ͻȻĴˮһγһ㲨ˣˮγ˲ƣܲϵ졣
ţһֻ޴βͳҶɨȳϢһҶ㿴ˣȻһͷʮ׳ľ㣬޴βͣһȣݺݵ˹
ã
ҶҪѾˣβֱɨ壬ķ˲ѣҶ䵽˱ĺˮ֮УϢ˳ëҶ壬ֱ¡
ԶԶûнղβһɨҶǿҵĳоǻûţ·˴Ӻ󱳸һƴ
ΪֻǿβҶжϲʲôޣһζľ룬ⱻһɡ
ܵˮʼı̬γһУӴתһӣԴҶ㣬һ˶˫ۣɢīɫĹâǾȻīɫҺ壬ʮֶġ
Сӣǹ㣬ҪСˡ
ģĽ׶ǴһæҶ㣬ǺĹ㣬ĺ֮Уˮ±뼫ͣʺϹҳĹ㣬Ŀɴ׳
ǰĹʮףڹ壬СˣҪڴĹ㣬ҶղѾһʬ塣
㣿
ѵǴ˵֮Уӵ֮γ࣬½һ㷱ܣϲԸʬ塣
ҶҲ֣Ǵ½ϵģǴӵ֮γʮа
ǶǴ˵ϲԸĶɱԵǵãʳԶʱڱһ֣Ѿǳˣһö飬ǿǱıˮ鲻֪ǿٱ
Ľ׽͵ʲô֣֮ǶҥԣҪΪị̄һ㣬ɴ˶
ϲʳȴ¹֪˼٣Զﴫ˵Ǵӵ
취ζԸɣԺ˵
Ҷʲô˼оʮˡ
۾˺۾ˮ֮£ϹӣˣֻҪߣֲˡ
Ľ׼Ҷ㴫۾ʧȥ۾ͲˣȻûʧȥսǿ֣ûκΰ취
½ϵޣʧȥ۾ʶ׵ĸܶ
٣ļֻʮӣʱ䣬ͻԴƣҲ˵ļʮ֮ڣ֪Լе֣ҶʮŪϹ۾ڱʮ֮󣬹Ҷ㡣
ϧҶܴӹ
֣ŭˣһζͳҶǰſ޿ڣҶݺݵҧ£ܵˮȥˡ
˱ѹ
ҶҪõҪʮ֮ڽսһһʮӣûûˣһֱ֪и
˱ȥһɫͻȻڹԴϣǿѹ֮˹ٶȡ
ҶŶһ٣ûбɽȥ
и
Ҷʩչ˴иһ޴ĳֳˣʼи壬ùʵǺǿȳˡ
ҹǣûгӲи£ʱ䣬ˮ֮ͨɫǱȾһ
ãҪսپ
ҶͻȻһ飬ˮ֮У϶ֹһͷޣŨѪǿޣʱҶǲѷˡ
ֵ֣֯·ȫڹϣûа˱Ҷ㻹޲ߡ
дӡ
֮
ʽ
һһУкͬһϣ֪㷢һŭĺС
ſڵϵСͻȻվӺ֮Уһˮмʮ׸ңˮǺɫģЩˮľϣȾҶ
СʮżֲȥҶ㣬ڰضȲղŻ˼ûˡ
ֵ⹥ӹ˫֮УһīɫĹʮֹ죬īˮ֮Уôˡ
СӣҪСģǹ
ĽͻȻ


1423 һ
īɫ˫ۣͻȻһ˵Ĺâʮа죬ҶӦĻᶼûУ͵ǰ
СӣҪСģǹ߻Ӳ޷һ߽ʬǧҪ۾
Ľ׵ޱȼ٣ǹ츳ͨޱȣ༫ѷ
Ҷ˼˫ۣ˫ζٵΣܿ츳ͨ
Ͳôһ㣬ī̵ҺҶĽŵ׻ҶҲҿ˫ۣ·ӵ֮һȥ޷԰Ρ
գ
ҶĽ˷׷ظղſĽһ㣬ҶѾһ߽ʬ޷
ûа취Ҷֻñ˫ۣۣ֮㿴˹ȥֹ޷Լۣ֮ûʩչ츳ͨ
֮ٶȱûˣÿһζҶ㶼һ·˺ü
ãڿʩչ
Ҷ֪֮зŻʱã½ϼʹãÿʹãرҪܾòָܻ򲻵ѣҶ㲻׵ʹá
óˣ֮ۿԿø͸㼸ÿһŲҶ㶼һ
ͫӰ
ˮףҶֱʩչͫӰˣҶĿģǹ۾ֻҪŪϹսͻ
˽Ҷֱ룬ε࣬ʮָðʩչ˴ɱ¾
ʮָ棬һ˺һһѪϵ
Ӱķָܶط¶ɭɭ׹ǣҲ̶ãѪ˺ɫһֱӿܡ
Զһͳ·иӴڳ߿
ˮ˼ı仯ƺڳȻι˴е
ɱһ
ĽͻȻ˳ȥҶץǧ֮һĻᣬŹʱɱ¾ֱ֮Ӵ̴˫ۡ
ͣ
һɨѪ꣬˫۱ҶϹʱ䣬ˮͻȻһζ
ŭˣҡžβɨ䣬ҪҶϧҶε˱𴦡
岻ϵǱܿ쿴֮һץյ֮УҶ㼱ٵΡ

ܴ·кܶӴ֣һǳȺ㡣
ã
ҶͻȻղűԼϹĹֻʣ°أƺʲôԵˣԶڵĺˮ֮Ужھ׽
Ҷŵòɢκεĳɣְֳ˱ˮϿٵĳȥʹ˳̵
ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣҶ·ȹһôͶĹߣҶӿٶȡ

Ȼ֮䣬Ҷоŵ´һˮһڵȻˣҶ˫ҧ

ҶףͻȻһ׵֮ˮǷһ㣬޾ĵ
ˮܵ磬ҶҲ֮٣ȻԼ֮⣬Ǹоֵġ
Ȼƺܵ׵ͻȻϮһԴҶܿˣȥ
һз̫죬׵֮ҲֻǳһʱѣҶˮ棬ֻм׵ľ롣
Сף죡
Ҷ㼸ûʱ˼ʶС׽ΪомȻڿһٶȸ졣
֮
Ҷ˫ͻȻŤγһ֮ͻȻˮϳȥޱȡ
൱һڴ߶Ҷεٶȣ׵ľ룬ֻǧ֮һʱ䡣
ҶͻȻܳˮ棬С׳ˣֱҶ壬һ䣬˺Ķ԰
ڴʱӺ֮У޴ޱȵ㣬ɳˮʮ׶ߣһ㣬С׶һɽȥ
ҺСײ˿ռ֮Ǵ񣬸޷ܣѾɸС
ɵ֮󣬺ܿˮףһ˻ˮٳٲƽЩƺԸ뿪
գ̫ˣ
ҶɫһҰף붼Ǻ£Ͳôһ㣬㸹
磬ô̼
СҲоʮִ̼þûô̼ˣ꣬һֱݵٲսղ־մ̼ĳ棬СѪ͡
֣˹ȥղŵһĻҲҶ㣬ҲӼᶨˣȸŻƷ˶ˡ
С׾һӣղͨС׵ĽҶûū۹СףϵѰԴСֵܣ磬ֵܳ顣
ܶǩԼ֮󣬶ǵūһҶֵܣҹϵǳĺãôʮĽ
ҵһȫشҶ㿪ʼŲɼȵɽ編Ҷ㾳ٴ١
ͻƵǰȫ֮󣬻δܳ忪磬ͻƵһš
ǲһ
ҶЩգͻƾŽٵɣҶţƾԼʵܿٵĻڱҪСǿС
ЩŽٵɽŪúֶܶͻ˾磬ҪһɱԼóȻĵѰңŪûܶˡ
Ψһİ취ͻƾ磬Ա֮ɾɻɱ
ߣȡѰҸ
Ҷ˴ϣԶĵطȥƯϣ֮Ļ˲Ӧõ
һȥת֮䣬Ҷ޽Ҳʱˣһûҵüͷ׷ɱ
ɼӵ֮࣬ûͻƾ硣
ɼһֻ˷ȣȻûдﵽ㣬Ҷ̫ˡ
ҵʱҶ㿴˴ԶӹͣŴԶԶ뿪
Ϊ˶ǰɾ֪Լ϶᲻ϧһд۵׷ɱҶ㲻֮·޷Ѱˡ
֮£ҶרһЩɽˮȻӴѰٶȣʤڰȫϡ
дЩߴӵ߷ˣʱ򣬴һƬï֮ܵУ̺ȫһԭʼɭ֣궼̤㡣
ľɢζҶǻʮֺţرһЩ㣬ã˿ʮ־ƣһɨ⡣
֮ϣ䷽Բ׾룬Ѱ
Ҷſ֦Ҷһ޴ľ֮䣬Щľ飬׷Ϣ©
֨֨֨
ֻӴҶܹȫ࣬Ծ֨֨Ľ
пҶ棬ӦҲСޣ棬׷ŵö˶Ѩ֮С
Ҷʶɢȥ廭棬ȫҶǰһ֮еһЩӣһ
ԼĪϰףҶͻȻͣס˽ŲԶƺ֪޵ҶһУ
СףܸȻص֮С
Ҷ㽫Сս˸Ӵ֮ߣǳѡ
ʣԼһˣͷˣһԾһ֮ϣĿȥԶнɫ֡

ϤӣҶ﷢һˣѵͬʱ֣


1424 ͵
Ҷվڴ棬֮鿴һԭ
˸˸ﾹȻҲػһͷĺޣӴﻹ𣬷Բף֮⣬һա
޽ֵ࣬ʵҲǰɾս൱ǺأѣԽԽ𽥲Բǧ֮⡣
ں޵󣬺޵ĳ֣Ŀľػǽܣпܵõ
Ժˣ
ϵװҶһ۾ж϶ԷӦԺĵӣʱһΡ
ҪܵõͿӽʮˣͻƾŽٵɣӦⲻ󡣡
Ҷ㣬ν㵽֣Ժ޵սҶ㲻롣
ȫϢһҶڿǲע⣬ߡ
ԺŵϵĸҶʱûд㣬ˣҶҲᲫһԷϵ
кڳҶ㣬С
ֻҪͻƾ磬ҶͿԺ޽磬ɾþ£ɾΧ
ֻмʮ׵ʱҶͻȻͣס壬ڿĻпܱ޷֣ǱӣȺһ
ʱʧ޴粽ãԺʮŭ׷׼ǿɱУĹޣ̶ʱ䣬޵ϳֺü˿ڣɼǡ
𣡡
޷һŭȥ޾Ļ棬û񷡣
ûᣡ
棬Ҷ¶ϲɫʧԭأ֮ʩչ˼£ٵĿ
գ
Ҷ㷢һͺȣһһƣֱӽ֮УڴʱƺˣǷһŭ
𣡣
ͻȻˣԺ˷񹥻ȻΪҶԺһģԻԼɳһ˵
ʦ֣ˣ
Ҳʶ鲻ԣʶһɨˣܿ쿴һӰԶȥȻ˽ȵˣǸ޽֣
ˣ
˴ŭ׷׼Էսˣ˵ߣڸ޽ȥͽ档
ӲԶģԪʼɭ֣ٶȴơ
곤Ҷķ˫ͻȻӡ׼ʩչһ
ʦʩչѧһҲʾóԼɱﵣʱ䣬ܿЩѹȥ
򲻵ѣ˲˶ŭƴĸ޽֣ȴ˱ˣôʵȥ
䣡
˵Ĺں޵ϣһƵ׻һԭط
𣡡
Ȼ֮䣬Ӻ޵ðһۣЩ˵ĵطʼָǰһɨһɿ֣˺Ȼû뵽ǿһֻˣûн֮ɱ
飡
˸оǰһƴֱӱƷɳȥһԺƷɳȥҲһЩ˺
ߣ
սޱŭˣǲԸǣĳɭ汼ȥεҶʧķ
ֻʣº޵ֻýŭйЩľ֮ϣҶӳǧ֮⣬ľǵһΪ޷йĿꡣ
ٱһʱҶŻͣס壬ѾԪʼɭֵӦò׷ˡ
ڵϣҶڵĴŴûС״ûдҶԼ̵Ŀռ֮и·һּġ
ʹ֮ԭʼɭ޷ãֻһʱҶһԪóüöɾʼգָԪ
̼
ҶǸһ˿Цݣû뵽ô̼Ҷ㻹ǵһķʽȡԴɸС͵һ
޽磬ûôЩأĿľǻȡԽԽãԺҲʲôöԼ϶ӶԼϵ
ʦ֣ǸС
ҶҪ׼ԶͻȻһȣԺӾȻ׷ǰɾ̵ķ򣬶ɵѹСٶϣҶϺܶࡣ
ô׷ˣ
ҶվЩţԼٶȻ㶥ǾԲˡ
㣡
߽֮󣬿ҶģЩţ͵ˣȻҶ㣬ЩԽܡ
̤ЬٴȫѹҶ㣬Լȥģ㾹ȻԼˡ
ν޽磬ҪնɱҶ㣬ȡϵԴϧҶʧһ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ҵԼ¶аЦûΪղŶʧգʮָˡ
ΪҶѾоֱˣ޲ھȥϷҶϵ
ˣڸõҶϵľܿͻʮˡ
ܵһ̶ȣͻʱøָҶ㶼֪ںδ
Ҷ㣬ڽϵԴǿ㲻
˿϶ôҶ˵ڲͬҶ㲻˽ٵɣ˶˳ͻƾ磬ʵ
Ҳأ
Ҷ¶ЦݣҲҪȫգԼܴﵽʮͻƾŽٵɣǽ졣
˺Ȼˣи޽֣ԪʧأҶԿƵ֪Լɱ˻ƷˣƾͲ׷ˡ
㻹ѡȨ𣿡
໥һۣ׷׷ЦǾŽٵɣκβҶ㣬Ѿͬ
ȻѡȨɱǣϵ
Ҷ̯̯֣һεĶԻȷһˬ顣
ЦƾҲɱǣҿ쿪ɡ
ٴ¶ЦݣһҶ㿿Ȼķ˲Ԫ˽ٵȣǸ߳ܶ౶
Ծ֪ˣ
ҶһΪȻӣȻԼҶҲ޽籾;ޱȼңÿοһһҲ⡣
ʦ֣ϻʲôɣΪһöƣҵǵɱɣȻйͷ֮ޡ
һˣΪ˽޽磬ɣǻȫҵŵõһöƣҶǺˡ
ʦֵ˵ͷȻûлԴҶΪɱԺĵӣ˫Ѿ˶ĵ·϶ǲݡ
Ҷ㣬ûУѾ˽ԵУȰ㻹ǹԹԵ־ܣҲһ棬һһĻᡣ
ʦֵ˵ͷԼЩȴ˵ҶûĶ﷭ϣҶԼԴ
ϻ˵Ͻְɣ
ҶͻȻһŭøǼȥֵ¼£˽ԵΣҶ㲻κˡ
죬һҲ᳼ԼǰοС࣬Լǰҫҫ
ԼԹˡ
Ҷڤ粻ӣ̲סˣҶ㹥


1425 ʮ
˲ɷ˵һ֣Ҷκλᣬһֳֳһֳ䵶Ʒȼǳ֮ߡ
˵ϢҶ¶һ˿аЦȫʢʱڣӦøƷ޼ϧǸ޽һԪء
׷ϣûʱָҶݴͣɾָѾ״̬

Ҷֱһһɫ֣Щľܲסѹ׷ױѹ촷ۡ
¡¡
ڴʱ֮ͻȻһҵĺƱɫͻȻǱ꼴ٵס
ƣ
Žɫһȣб˸Ϣǿɲİɾ־ԴݻһУɫ޷סҶﵽŽٵɡ
ııģ
֣˺ܿҶĹƣͻȻ˲ƣҶǰ˵ֶιȻͬһ㣬ǻƷܱ⡣
ǲ
͵ϮԼҶһЦǰ㣬˷޴Ƴ֣˺ݺݵ˹ȥ
дӡ
Ȼ䣬ܿռһƬңضȻʧɫţֱ˺˵ķ
֮УҶָأб˺ˣȫͲһȼʹ֮˸ϢҶٶȣ׵ıܿĹơ
ֻҶ֮ľѣɽʯݣԺѾˣҶֶγ׾
ѾˣҶȫռκδϢĻᣬһһУȫѹԵĹ
ִӡǣ֯סȥ·ȻҪսҶ
ԽսԽ޿ˣԪأҶǲĻᣬҶԪԴԴоκġ
ҶľСˣԼûвħ֣ͣڰ˽ٵɣ½޽磬Ѿˡ
ɱ
Ҷһȣ춯أ羪ݺһѧʩչǧַʩչ
ٲȻ˵֣ǣԼĵ⣬øԲʮֱκβҶ㣬ֻܿӦ
ʦ֣ҿŲסˣ
µӻʪ͸ˣҶѹƣµʦȣȥ˶Ҫڴˡ
Ҷ㣬ǴˣһλᣬҲ⡣
ʦ־ȻʮƽҶϴֻҪҶϷŹ
Ϊһ𣿡
ҶЦѣŻɽ϶ټĸ֣ǰɱԼ
Żһ䣬еķŭƣйң񣬴ݿࡣ
˽ڽڰˣѾ޿ˣ£ȥҲ·һɲ޷С
Źȥһ£ʵô˿ֲǿǰɾ
귢챯ХЩ⣬ʵһ£˷츲صı仯ԭΪ׷Ҷ㡣
˭֪һ磬Ҷ磬Ȼôࡣ
Ҷ㣬ˣҪɱǣ֪ˣ
ӲȻĻ뿪޽磬ص򣬾ǶԺԺǰ᲻ҪҶ㡣
ղǺң
Ҷûˣʮָðܿռ˲ȴҶͬаħһɫ䡣
Ҷ㣬㲻࣬ħ
ħеֶΣҶ£ɢħһЩֲħȾɲ
ΣħΣֻҪû˿赲ҵĽŲ
Ҷû˾ӣָһֱץ£սôãϵԪأѲǸղ
һˣҪܿʮߣϧٶѾղţʮָһƣֱץס塣

ʮָӵ֮Уʱ֮䣬Ԫз˳ָҶ֮С
ɾʮֿɲأҶ˵ҲǴ֮
رǻöγɵǱҶӿͻƾŽٵɵٶȡ
Զ꿴һĻŵûɢϧҶôԭأ޷ֻĿԼʦܣһɱȥһƤ
ֱӷ˳ȥҶ֮УղŻǾ˲ʮҶҪŭ
ղŴӺõҶ㻹ûüֵõֻȻķҶʮ档
ʮָ֮Уɺ֮ɫʣµİӿ˹ȥ·һħ
㡭㲻Ҫ
Ҷ㳯Լ߹ŵû£ɲ뱻ҶɣΪһƤ
ûõĶղŻôš
£һһζӦ˵ŵˡ
Ҷ㡭Ҷ硭ҶүˣҪɱңԺţС
ֱӹҶͷϣҶһ
ų򣡡
ɱ¾֮һɨԴųҶϵķûȤֱնɱ
ܿ죬˳Ҷ֮Уʮ
𣡡
ʮҶ㷢һУ֮У·һھѣҪ壬ɽ磬ҶҪס
䣡
ֱһ̧һɿֲԶһˮͰֵĴֱһĩ
Ҫҵطȫͻơ
ҶǿнͻƵѹȥҵһȫشѰͻơ
ʶɢȥԪʼɭ֣ΣҪҵһȫĵطĲףԼͻƾŽٵɣ϶Ǿ춯أŪãɾ޴ĳ
ڰԻͼ֮ͻƣҶԲַ򣬻УԻͼķɽ粻ͬʺͻƾŽٵɣҶҪӼ̵ſԡ
޽õĵطҶ֮Բμ޽磬ҲҪĵطͻƾ硣
ٵĴɭ֮УϣҵһʵĵطһʱҶҵһ޴ͱڣӦҵѨ
ʹ֮˳ͱƣϣҵһԲĵط
һյʱ䣬ҲͱϻĿһ׸ߵĶѨͲ֪ûޡ
ҶҲ˼ɲôˣʼسײŪþͻű壬ٲͻƾ磬һּ˺
ڵȥŪû߻ħһжǹһ񣬾棬ҶҲὫȥռѨ
ûκԥҶֱӳ˽ȥѨʪӲһҶǻ֮С
𣡡
Ҷ붴һ̣ӶѨһҵ޺𣬶Ѩ֮УȻػ
ûκԥҶ붴Ѩ֮Уʶ̾һͷ᰻ҲǾŽޡ
Ҷ޾޴йޣһֱ˹ȥ
޻ûӦһƣĺ
ûκγɣҶʩչиҪ޳׽Ծ󻼣ҶҪֵʱ򣬴ӶѨ֮У⡣


1426 
ҶҪִ֣ӶѨһ⣬ʮĿ

Ҷһ㶣û뵽Լѵˡ
Сӣ죬ʮγӦģԼ֪ˡ
Ľ׽͵ӵһһ֪Ѱ
ԭˣ
ҶƺˣղԼŲ·ѰͻƵĵطȴ⵱ѡԭΪĹϵ
ҿ㲻
Ҷʶһŭ𣬳᰻ȳ⣬
᰻ҶһУˣղҪǴи£϶֮أҶһȣûκֱͣӳ֮Уܿת˳ﾹȻżС᰻
ûκԥ᰻ѨȥΪ˻ѨҪˣȫڳ
ȵȣ
ҶͻȻס᰻ȵȡ
תԴ᰻һ޹ĿҶ㣬ѵҪɱԼ
ֻʱ֮Իص
᰻̣ҶЩ̣ԼǿռĶͻ֮󣬻뿪
᰻Ҷ˼˻ԴһԻĶܿ뿪˶Ҫܻ֮ˡ
һ鶴ѨûʲôΣˣҶҳһʯסڣڲһЩ󷨣۷ض֮С
ѨҰڶҶûκԥֱӽգѾӵʮ
һ̣ҶǱһ㣬ʮܣֱϥ£ʼ
﷢ŭ񱩵ԪسˢЩԭȱݵķ򣬵õϴ֮󣬿ʼνϡ
ǰҶķӲʮֻңϷ֮Уյķвȱ޷γԡ
ѹţȿֺҪ޽磬һõ֮ϴֻһ棬ҪǷ򣬽дεķ̭ȥɣȡ
Щ֮еķ򣬿ʼɵתνӵνӣںϵںϣϵ飬˺ѣ飬
ԭҶ洢̲һϸȵķ򣬾֮󣬿ʼݱ䣬ôϸһ֮ͬϡ
Ԫ̵ͬĺˮʼŽƿһ忪ܿ˾ŽٵɵżҶ㳨׼ӭµĴš
һͻƾŽٵɣ꺣֮Уܴ򿪵Żħű䣬Ҳܽ䣬ֻر䡣
ȫͻ֮Ҷ㽫µأǰ˽ٵܱ⡣
ÿһδµŻĶӶȻ͵֮ţһδθҶ̫ľϲ
ﵽֻر䣬ˣ£޵֣ҲҶͻޱѣΪﵽƬռļޣٽһ
ҶҲģҪǴﵽ˾ŽٵɣҪͻˣϼѣʱܶѻҪǿ磬Ӽ̵ķ򣬻˵ֻɽпܡ
ǷҪɽ磬ҪΪˣһֿܣǱɽѡУֱӽˡ
޽ǰʮʸõɽΣҶ㶼ͻƾһλᣬһθı˵Ļᡣ
ˣ
ҵıţ淢ıԷǳĺãƾҶնϣ޷롣
ҲһƤĤ棬ս죬΢Ĳ
֮еԪŭ˳Ѿ棬Ҫͻƾ磬ſŭȡ
ԽԽɶҲھۼҶͻƵĿ֮Уȫ֪˿̵ĶѨ棬Ѿˡ
ΪԲʮƸǣɽ壬뿪õ᰻һԼĶѨҡҡԴԶĵطȥԸⶺ
Щ̫ɲˣ˶ɽ٣ﲻĳ̶ȣȫ߸˶֪
Ҳŵӽɹͻ˾磬صֱ֮ӷɽ磬ʤ
֮˿ߵĽ֮ҲΪڶ˾磬ҿⱻ׽ٻ
һҶȫ֪Լ׽٣˶ɽ٣һɹȹ൱ڷ۷壬Ϊˡ
ޱȺʵգⷽԲʮǽҹһֻȥܿΧľ
ԲʮһͷޣӵһɶǰɾޣҲҶ׽ϮΪһѷɻҡ
࣬ǲ̤룬ɲ׽٣䵽֮ϣŪþ򣬶ˣҲûгֹĽơ
Ľڶ֮⣬գ˼
СӵǺȻ˺ףܲܶȹһ١
Ľ̾Ϣһ⾹ȻǶ겻ףֻŻ׽١
¡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷоͷϴ¡һ׵£ɽʧҶ©ڿտҰ⡣
ղŻͱڣڿһСɽѾΪƽء
ĽŵøϽ˰˱֮У棬׽٣ڵ޷⡣
˿̣Ҷ֪ۼƣ꣬Ʋ֮У·ζʱһ
ϸȥ֮Уܿݵ̬һŭҪҶ㡣
ԽԽмӴƣҶΧЩʯܲס׵ѹȣȻԼըΪһ촷ۡ
˵䶫ܳܡ
ɣҼ֤һ
ҶͻȻһڵˣҪңҾ죬ҪңҾأû˿赲ԼĽŲУǲС
ƵĿǣȻŭ죬׵۳ɺ֯ɵ֩򣬾ҶҪ׽٣˿̶ˡ
ﱻˣ趨˽أκ˲̤롣
ҶۿɼٶڷղŻǿȾȾŽٵɵܿﵽ˰ɾڷӣֱ˾硣
ֿɲٶȣĽ𺳣Ҷɹͻƾ磬Ƭ棬ֻˣܺҶˣ齨ɾӣлնɱҶ㡣
֮УôİɾУҲչأԤ£ϣгһգܲ򾳽磬Ϊˡ
Խ죬ɽ缵ʣΪҶ㻹δͻƣ׽һֱ
ʱƣ׽ԽԽǿһ޴Ҷͷ֮ϡ
֮⣬˿Ҳۼˣߣ֪Ǻڶɽ١
쾹ȻͻƵ˾磬˹ʺˡ
ôǿ׽٣һΪǽ˲ŻֵĽơ
˽ͻƾŽףǾŽͻưɣ˺䶯Ľƣֻһֿܣڶɡ
ˣΪɢɣӴһֻܸɽ磬п׽֮С
ͻưɣ
ҶͻȻŭ۷壬һŭеƿһ̣Ȼ򿪡
ԪĺˮʼˢҶ壬ûĤ
ˬˬˬ
Ҷһ˵ˬ֣ˣӭ˴졣


1427 
忪ƿ֮Ҷ·һƬµأķǰ
һ޽֮еķӿ뵽֮У翪ʼ
䣡
ͻƣ׽Ҳ٣ұĸңҲǿ
ͻƾ磬Ǿȶ֮׽ٲŻή䣬˿̲ͬҶ㾳ս׽پˣƺԸҶɹͻơ

Щ׽٣Ҷ㲻ܣǴһץ׽յ֮УʼƷʡ
˿̵ӽ˵زЩ׽ٸ޷Լǳ׽١
֮еԪǺˮһ治ϵĳˢһ˿˿ʴë֮д˳
ǰ˵ĵطԪ޸Ѿϣ徭ǧǧҶ㲻ÿһ綼õرЩͷ˿ϸĽõ
֮ȫĽȫֳԪʼͷ˿ϸĽĸӴϸһ㡣
飡
Ҷ尵ͻȻöѨ򿪣ԪǺˮһֱӿ뵽Ѩ֮С
һ棬㲻ܴͨʱ򣬻һƬԪ޷γԡ
ȵʮѨȫͨͻγһ죬һ죬Ժ㲻ԪҲԴԴϵ
ҶѾǲԼ˶öѨ˵ҲһٶöˣȫҲҶΪʵ˵ԭ
¡
һ£ֱҶϣղŻǰɽ壬ܿΪƽأҶʯ棬Բףһֲ
ƬشһƬأ˱ʯ֮⣬ֻʣҶһ˹ԭء
ƿʼ̾ᣬγһ޴ḥ̂ĥλãһڵУ޾׵磬֮Уһһ
׵Ҷ󣬼ÿһʱ䣬׵£Ҷǿ󣬻ǱըƤ
죬ӽҪ㡣
ҶŭˣܶأͻƾŽٵɣֻ°ٵ׽٣ԼѾٵûûˡ
һ˶ɽ٣ʮ׵ѾǼޣЩ֮⣬׽ٶһڡ
ҶͻȻŭָ񷣬̤أһߵ׵ȫ˺ѣЩ׵޷Լ塣
ııģ
ƺҲŭˣı֮УһͷͷˮͰֵҶƶ

Ҷһȣһͷɳȥܿ죬ܿ콫ҶסҪ
סҶ㣬ͷϵ׵һһҶϣѾѪܡ
Ľ׶ڰ˱֮УһпУѾݴ˿̵ˡ
СӣҪס׽٣ֻŭԹˣŻֽѣ˭ή˿ɲ׽١
ĽϣҶܿȥȥһֻصԭ㣬Լоת
ԽԽҶȫֻܶվԭأ׵ĹкܶطɼǣѪˮһ㣬ʳ
Ҳģ
Ҷٴһŭʼͣٵ¡𣬴ͷ֮ϣðɭɭһħʮɲ
ܿ죬ǿˣ֮Ҳ֮·ܶǧ
Щ׽ٿۣ֮ƺЩ£ҿҶȻħĽ׸Ǿ°͡
ħ񡣡
Ҷͷ֮ϣħǣͬħһ㣬ɢڵħ棬һ֮棬ⲻħʲô
ҿ
ͻȻŴü˿̵Ҷ㣬о޾·˺죬һɨסԼƷɳȥ̧ͷ񷡣
ɣҼʶһ
ҶƣɽȨϡ
Ȼ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ƿʼһ޴ḥ̂Ҷһѹ£ͬиһ㡣
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ֱӼһԡ
ڱͻƵ˾ŽٵɣǴﵽ˰ɾʵһࡣ
ֳɱһӲ⾳Ҷ֮ϣðۣԼػ
Ѫһ̳ױҶѾܳɹһʱ䣬Ҳû⡣
ž޴ḥ̂Уһɱֱָģָ졣
ʽ
ȶˣһնḥ̂͸񷣬ܲУ׷ѣܲסһն
ֻͬ˺ѳһӣɱһΪһͨƱɱˡ
и
ҶҲʾʩչ˴и˳ѷ죬иƱֽķѣδ£ͱҶƵ
ֶΣ죬ֻˣ˾켼ա
ǧԶŴؽ֮ʹĵ⣬һǧԴأΪʼ档
ܿ죡
Щѵһ𣬼Ҷѹֲݵ̬ơ
սսս
Ҷһ˵ս֣ͲˣƻһֱֻҪ׽٣ȻͶɽٳɹ
Թ׽ٳʱΪʱҶѾһʱ䣬ڼһᣬ׽Ӧþͻɢ
ɱ趯ǧ֯·׽ٵѹ֮£ҶԴ򣬸͸ÿһʩչвµĶ
ԽԽͣ·Ҷͷ֮ϣֻҪ£ⷽԲݲһƬء
֮⣬Щۼŵӣ𾪵޷ȻûĿùζɽٳɡ
ǰ׽٣ȻǶɽٳô򵥣ƺɽ粻Ը˵Ҫ֮
Ҳ˵˾ɹɽٳɣɽҲɣ׷ɱ⵽ʲôԭ
˵˭Ϊζɽٿӽʱˣδ
һЩŵӣ׷Ҫ֪˭ɽ٣Ϊ޽編̣ʶֻ͸ȥ׾롣
ڰ֮飬ֻܿơ
Ĵҵ˰ɡ
˲²⣬ΪĴҵˣֶΣôЧ
пܣĴңЩ겻˳ɹɽٳɣɽ磬һӦҲǹҵˡ
˷׷׵ͷͣΪеĴңҲϡ档
ԽԽͣмУη·ɴأ޽硣
ֻ
ͻƣħűͻƵֻر䣬˿̵ĴֻѾǰܱ⡣
һ޴ֻͨˣҶȻŤתʱ䣬½ٶȼ٣ֻͨ
ֶΣͻƵֻر䣬޷ʩչͻƣֻһµ̨ס
ô˻ᣬɱٴһһһ㱻˺ѣǳ˿һ㣬ϵٶҲ𽥷Żղôҡ
֮
һˣһмгһ޴Ѻۣٳٲϣ֮ʱ޿̲ʴ
ɱ¾
ʮָð˳ħ֮ʮָһ࣬ߣ֮ϣʼ˺ѣи
˲ıֽ飬޷γЧĹҶԼֶΣ׺죬죬Ҳ޷赲ԼĽŲ


1428 
Լĸֵ⣬ǿ似Ҷ㺳죬ҪԼơ
ķѣ޷ЧĹĺУҶ˺Ƭ
䣡
֮Уһ޴ıݣݵģһβӰƺӽʵʣǳɲ
СӣҪСˣʹһˣͳɹʧˣ
Ľһ̲סӸ֮˳ҶУһע⡣
ʹһˣľɽ磬Ǻպ
ҶҲʶˣݳֵһ̣Щ׷¶֮ɫһԣҿ
ƿʼЩȫսȥǻеһ׼һ
Ҷޱϲ˵һСС񣬲ɽһƹ׵СɶѣȻɱԼԼ̤ɽ磬һ
ƺӦҶеŭɱ¾һɫĹˣУͶֱ䵽Ҷͷ֮ϡ
ܼžһƬѾ׵ʱһ̣·ֹͣˡ
ҶԼĺʹһ˷Բκһռ䣬ҶҪܶܣֻܳʹһ
̥޷ֵ۷ɾҲ޷һ
ɽĲԸҶϣҪƾÿζɽ٣ܿɽľġ
ҵף
ҵ·ף
ҵĻ꣬ף
ҵǣף

Ҷ׳־ͷڷӭƮͻȻޱͦΣ·һ޿ɶҡ֡
ɫĹâ֣·ֽ٣ػҶ㡣
öɫķˣֱƯҶͷ֮ϣͻȻ֮䣬һ޴Ĺ֣ʹһµһ̣γɡ
䣡
ҶоԼʧˣֻܴܸоԼڲϵ³Բ׵طһ޴ӡ
ʹһļޣˣĿľǻһˡ
ʧһ̣ҲɢвˣҲʣֻʣһʮľ޿ӣʯҶӰӡ
Ľ׻С״Ӹ֮˳ʯϣ޿ӣЩ֪롣
磬㲻Ҫ°
СױһͯģȻϣҶ㲻Ҫ¡
ĽҲһС׵ļϣһһ̾Ϣ
Թû˵˳һģҲ⡣
Ľ׻˼꣬Ȼҹͬ˵ǿ󣬵ڷ˾һԽĺ蹵
ˣһܴˣȫܻͬһϣһ죬һأֲֲ࣬
棬ʯ֮⣬ҲѵҶ㱻׵ˣ
ʱһһĹȥС׾ԭأΪţҶôˡ
һҶԼӦĵԼڣҲ˵Ҷûȥˣ

ͻȻ֮䣬һʯͷһ£ж
Ǵ磡
Сֱӻγޣ䵽ʯ棬컹צӣһʯŲ
һʯͷߣʯ棬һѪģ壬ȫ£ѲҲ̶ãͷ¶˳Ϣޡ
콫ߣ
Ľ׷һУСҶϽ뿪ղôĶ϶ǰۿ
Ҷ֪Ҫߣ϶Ὣ֮ɱӶɽ
ʮ޹⣬ҲֻҪҶָȻҲ
ûκԥСֱӽҶϣ̤գԶȥ
ôС׷̫˶ĿСҲκˡ
С뿪һʱ䣬Ȼмʮ˳߿ͻƣºܶɽ編ʺЩ˲򣬴ĥһЩ⡣
ȥˣ
¶֮ɫղʹһ˿ǿκηˣ޷ֵ
϶ˡ
Ȼɽٵ˲ˣ϶ˣʣ
ϧˣܻһɽٵˣ䷨һܲ˾硣
¶ϧ֮ɫһֱΪղڶɽٳɣǶɾŽٵɡ
֪ҶڶɾŽٵɣ֪θ롣
СҶ㣬һһҹɭҵһѨŽҶڶ棬̤
Ѩ֮УҶ㾲ڵϣûѣ˻ԡ
Ľ׼˺üΣҶϢʼȶ̫ˣҪƣ֮һжҪҶԼ
СӣҪͦסܶ˶Ҫȥػ㲻
ĽҶߣһһҹˣֻ̾ϢϣҶϽ

һƬ磬Ҷֲָ·סˣ޷߳δ󺰴Уֻ
ô£ѵ𣿡
֮УҶߣҲ··𱻹һ޴֮С
ҵĻ꺣
ҶǵãǰԼҲ飬ھʱˣԼߣԼѵһ̣öԼꡣ
Ҷˣһ̣֣Լ걣һ٣״̬
ͨһ˵һּת֮⣬죬һˡ
ֻȻָ꣬л򿪻꺣ص֮С
ϴӣҶֹͣѰҳڣϥ£ʼ鱦䡣
ͻȻ֮䣬Ľ״ӵܸоһЩʼҶ档
־ԴԴϵĽҶ޸塣
СӣȻûйǵ
Ҷ㿪ʼ޸Ľ׽ŵҲֻҪҶ㹻ʱ䣬ȫָ
Ҳ֪ʱȥ˶ãҶڻ꺣֮УԪڼٵ޸ԭӰӣһӽʵʡ
ɵĿռ䣬Ҳһ󺣣Ż
ǰȫ򿪣ŻҲ¶Ҷ㻹ŻʲôֻܵȻָ֮ڳŻ
˿̵޽磬Ѿ뵽˰ȻĽ׶Σ׷ʼݱ䵽ӶᣬֻҪ໥϶ǲݣնɱ֣ȡ
ʵ𽥱ʵʣҲʼָһ㳤ҶԪڻָһС롣
óȥˣֻлص壬ܸõĻָ
ҶվһץʵĿռһѿһӣԪֱӴӿ˳ȥ
ڵϵҶͻȻ΢΢һƺЩ֪ˣûӹĽ׵۾Ҷߡ
Сӣ˵𣿡
ĽʮֽЩ١
ˣٺҪˡ
Ҷ۾һ֮һҵʹȫǱ˺һ㣬ˣʹ졣
ʹ
ҶҪ޷
úúã֪ʹ֤ûˡ
ĽʮָˣһһҹǶ꣬ҶҲˡ
ô
ҶڵϣóɾʼóɵĽ飬ϣָ


1429 ֮
ɾɵ޸ҶԼٶϣֻǲףôܵˡ
Ľ׽Ҷڼ˵һ飬رСף粽룬СףҶڻʯѣҲѱ˳ɷ򣬱һʬ塣
һʱ䣬Ҷڿϥã߲һ󣬽ȫ
һööɾը뵽Ҷ֮УԭݽߵĵڼٵĻָ˿һѪһЩѪ׷׵¶µѪ⣬ʵ
ҼʮͶȴ٣ǿȣ·Ĥ棬Ǳɲ
˼ٸط֮⣬ҶָĲˣָܿ۷״̬֮УǳӯǸɿݵĺӭ˾Υĸء
ͻƾһ̣ҶûиܵŽкβͬ
ڲһָǿ汬εѨɽʯ䡣
εĽޱȣҶڹƵƾһð˽ɣȫ޷õλ㡣
һ𣬷ǵʼ飬糴һ㣬
ĶŰҪҶ壬ɨء
꺣ٳһ࣬ɲĻγ׵磬ܿһ֮⣬Ǵﵽ۷塣
˷˷츲صı仯ǰ벽ŽٵɣҲ޷ľŽȣȫһΡ
Ҷޱȸ˵ǣԼɽϴǿһͿһ֮²һĿ顣
Ҷͨ˿飬Ѿﵽ˲ĵزȻҶ䣬ҲḯãֱԶ
ͷȫһ飬ƺõĲˣŷʼζԼĸֵ⡣
ͻƵħű䣬ڲֻذ壬ֶһɱﵡ
ǵ⣬˷츲صı仯ڳдӡиɱ¾ֻҲԲ
ֻҪ壬Ҷ㼸ħǿĴ֮
óƵŻˣ
һҶ׼ͻƵŻԼʲôı仯
ϥ£ʶ꺣֮УŻ˹ȥ
ΪǰεӣҶС˺ܶ࣬̽Եײһ¡
䣡
ײŻ֮ϣһƵһ𣬵˺ڣһŻһǿ
һ֮̽ҶҲһš
忪ӦòѣҪϢһʱˡ
ҶЦһȫ忪Ż϶ᵼݽߣܼʹ࣬ҪϢһʱ䡣
޽磬ʱǽǮһ죬Ѱһ죬ͻᱻ˸ϳһ죬ҶѾʱˡ
ΪʵҶѰѾӵʮֻҪʵͻƵ۷Žٵɣȥ֮󣬻»ò
һŻҶҲżÿζС̫ݣ˼Լ
Ҳ֪˶ٴΣŻڳһ˿˿ߣҶ㾫
ɣҼʶһµŻʲôϲ
Ҷһͺȣһ㣬ܿ۳һ޴ĴӣݺݵĳŻײȥ
ģ
ѣҶͻȻȥһѪ
ۣ
Ѫ䵽ǽ֮ϣȾʯ飬Ҷɫ˲һƬҰס
ûκͣٴν꺣鿴ŻѷԽԽ󣬸ղһγֻǴĴָϸķ϶
üӲĵŻʲô
ҶĨȥѪóһöָĵҩһ׼һҪ򿪵Ż
ͣԼĪʮʱ䣬ȫָٴλ۳ɾ޴̬һ㣬Żѹȥ
䣡
޴δҶ꺣ͷ˾ڵƾ꣬Ҷɱ˽ٵɣǿĻǣγһ׵ɵ˽ٵɡ
ŻԽԽҶҲԽԽţһײֻܴˡ
˿ûԥأ֪ҪˣҲҪϧһдۣ֮忪
䡭
ҶٴαɳȥһκݺݵײǽϣһѪŵĽɫ䣬֪Ҷڸʲôջָ壬ôֿʼˡ
СӣʲôѵԼ˻𣿡
Ľ׳ҶŭƸջָҶͿʼԼһǿУϵϣССеĲУӦ
ȿȡ
ҶɿһѪȸɾɫźÿһЩ
ΪŰûµʱŰԼ
ҶһĽףûŭı飬£꺣֮У鿴Ż
˵ղֻĴָϸѷ죬ѾڴСķ϶ӵŻ棬Լɰڴһ١
ֻһˣڲͻƣҵĻ᳹׺ĵһɶ
һ»꺣Ҷһ£ֻܵһΣϣܳ״򿪵Ż
ɣںеں
ҶѾ˺üεˣͿˣΨһĿ꣬ǷŲԼˣˣѰԼ֮ա
Ļ˷ιڵŻǰһɾ޴ģԽԽҶǹעһĴˡ
ȥɣ
浽˶֮Ҷֱӽ˳ȥŻȥҵı
ҶģֻܱĿȴ˵Ľ١
ֻһ˲䣬ҶɸһʼѪʮֲֿ꺣֮Уһһεĳͨˣͱˡ
ҶҪιȥܼ꺣ʹ࣬ϧ˿̻꺣ޱĵʹ࣬ʹ
ûʱȥʹ࣬ʶտĻ꺣֮У˿̻ĴҶûлЧĳ
񳯵Ż˹ȥŻһڴ򿪡
ǡ
·һ⼸ʯţޱȺأ˭Ҳ֪Ż棬ʲô
ŨĻ浮ʼ޸ҶĻ꺣ԭҪݽߵ꣬ڼٵĻָ
ʶֱŻ棬ҶҪŻʲô
ĿȥֻһƬɵģʲôҲ·һƬɫ磬ûб˰ҲûпʼûнһƬ硣
ܿ죬ĸֳˣŻҶ̧ͷȥ
֮ţ
ŻȻ֮ţҶСֻǶһЩ֮ˣ޷
Ż·ҶһʾҶʲôˣԺ
ڤڤе֮Ҷ棬СڼٵҶ˿ĸ͸Ҳ
֮ˣҶ·ֿԼˣһңңޱߵĺ֣ҶˣһҶۣƯں֮ϡ
ʻһ򣬶֪ǶԻǴһҪҶԼȥգֻвģִܵ˰
ܿ죬֮ʧҶ㻹ǲ׽ԼˣԺļ䣬ȫˣҶιͨҲʮ֮ǰļ䡣
˫ۣҶ㳯Ľ׿ȥ֣ܿ쿴Ľ׵ֻ֮ǰֻһ飬˴䷲磬֣֮϶ֳ
ҶۿԼ˵һ̣Ľ׻һ·Լѹ·չ¶Ҷǰ


1430 
Сһ̣ƺˣ֣һ磬Ըıˡ
һֳصĴԹ֮ܲ٣Ȫһһˡ
СӣղôˣΪҸоë
Ľ֮У֮ɫֱĿҶ㣬Щס
ûôǿˡ
Ҷû˵Ż֮ţҶСյĸ̣ҲȷţƾӦҵԼ֮ա
ΨǿԼ˵Կס
㡭С
Ľŵɽ磬û˲ȪֻǴ˵û˼ǻӽ֮ԺҲûгֹ
ЩһӦÿԸı䡣
ǿγ޷ı䣬ǷˣҶ㻹пܸıǵˣҲƶ˲ɸ̡
ӵۻʣ˲ɲһжʹȻһı˸֣ᷢ츲صı仯
̥̥һ֮²С㵽ʲôĹ̥
Ľ׳ˣһ²ѾĽľˣּ˶С⣬ĽԶԡ
Ϊû˱С˴ʲôһˣƹˣñȵĻȪһƹ˵
飡
̸Ĺ򣬶Ѩ洫ƺڽ֡
𣡡
žһУС׵Ҷ˳ȥԼˣСһֻ棬粽룬κζ
˷СڶѨ棬Ϊ֣С׷
Сӣ廹ûȫָҪСġ
ҶղųŻһЩ˺ûг׻ָΪ˵ŻԴԴϵķֽ꺣ѾָĲˡ
ҶܿڶڴһŮֱ𹥻СףСϣѾ˺ۡ
ס֣
Ҷһŭȣ˼ˣ׷ֶСضѨվҶߣɫƤëϣкüˡ
Ҷ㣬㣡
˿Ҷ㣬׷¶֮ɫû뵽ײȻҶ㡣
˭ΪҪҵ֡
Ҷ䣬С׶Ҷ㲻о֮ǵֵܵĵزЩ꣬СѾһξȹԼǺܶΡ
˺ԼߵˣҶŹ񶼲С
Ҷ㣬Ҳ㲻֪˭ǿ֪ӣ㣬Ǽô͸ԴŽ޽磬Ǹ
˷׷¶ŨŨɱΪ˹ƣɣ㾡УŻһᡣ
Ҫɱң
ҶΪŻָϢܲȶǰ˽ٵɣǾŽٵɣδӣʮš
ȻҪɱ㣬ʮı
Ҷʮ¶̰֮ɫ˿ʮˣһ˲ҵҶһˣʮôܲʡ
֪ҵĺʲô
Ҷһ˵ɾڼٵգ֮еԪٵ޸Щ˵ĵطҲٵϡ
Ҷ㣬֪ǿ󣬵ǰɾȻǿ󣬽Ҳ·һ
ǾŽٵɣĲſ񣬴ﵽ˰ɾҲҶɫҰףԪޣ˲²⣬Ҷ϶ˣѷĻᡣ
ҵҪɱңҵҪ֪ĸŵӣȻֵز
Ҷƺʱ䣬ÿһ֣Լƾͺһ֣ɱֵĳɹҲ߳ܶࡣ
ҪȫʢʱڣȻþ£Խ׵նɱ
ǽ֮ˣҲ޷ǰŵˣڡ
˾ȻǰŵˣһţһΪ˻޽ʸ񣬼ķһСԴ
ڻ۵һ𣬽ϵӶһЩԼҵһҲ˵Ҳкüˡ
ԭǰŵˣȻˣǻԥʲôְɣ
ҶѾʮöɾɫÿˣ֮еƣҲ׵õѹƣȵͷų
ʦ֣ЩԣղƺˣŸĥƤӣʵʱ䣬ϵơ
ҲŮӷֲͷСײɱҶԸ񣬿϶˵ͻ֡
ڲǣҶڸǲϵĽϵڿٵĻָɫҲÿˣʱ˲ŷӦҶʱ䡣
ϻˣ֣նɱ
˲ٳɣֱӳ֣ȥԽԽҶ̫֮ѹ
ħ֮ɲеģҶ丮̫ĺ䶯Чɱħ֮
ͬɽҶݺݵѹƹɾȻͬСɣҶ㻹޲ߣѾͬˡ
ˣҲǾŽٵɣʵֹ˺üһֱʩչдӡ
ΪƣΪ꣬ݴ˿̵Ҷ㣬һƸǶͷ֮ϣ·һƸǡ
ɲƣӡַԲǧ׾룬ҪǷʩչһУư֮ڣᱻӡǡ
죬ҶֻܸǼʮңʲôȫ˼ʮ
ֿɲѹ֮춯أɫ䣬˿̵Ҷ㣬ޱȿֲ޺Ϊսͬħһ㡣
һ֣նɱı壡
ִݿӡһҶ㿿ֻնɱҶ㱾壬ſƽǧ
ǲһʼͳ֣һЩӦϧѾˡ
ҶһЦ˳Լֶˡ
и
һֵ֣γִ֮ӦЧѹиǹ֣˹ȥ
֮䣬Ҷʩչش·뵽֮Уͬ죬ǵأˣܺҶ㡣
ŽٵɲУɾҲǲУ˺սҪҶ㣬ֱЦ
ǧ｣
ɫ䣬˼׷ʩչƽи
ǧʮأ֮У˼٣һҲֻһ֣Ҷֲü֣߰ǧģǷëǣҶ˵ǲ˶Ĵ֮
ƫƫҶһ⣬ȫܰճƶϣħ࣬壬˵
壬壬Ǿţħ壬ħ壬ʥˡ
䣡
֮ס˴и޴ĳֱһ˺ѣʧ֮С
Ҷû⣬ֱӱиնɱǲŽвɾɲӣնɱ
Ͼ޴ӡٴ£ѹɫٴһ䣬׷׼Ҫƿһȱڣ׼ȥ
Ҷ̫ɲˣɲ
·ÿһμҶ㣬ᷢ츲صı仯ǲϵָҶֱǹ١


1431 ޳
һ֣Ѿ𾪣˾ϳ˾֮ɫ
ѾúǴ˿̵飬·޷ԽĴɽѹǰɽһ̣Ҳ֮ʱ
̫۸ˣǣȴѹǹ
һ³һѪ۾磬˶Ҷ㣬۳֮ˣҶ½Ѿ
Ϊʲô˲⣬ֵٶȻӿ죬Ҫ忪һȱڣȥ
Ҳˣ޴׽Ѫϣ͸ɱ⣬ҶǰһһʬɽѪ
Ψɱйͷ֮ޣСԼˣͬ㣬һСףҶʹһѾ˷֣һʬ塣
ŨѪɱ⣬Ҫ߱죡
Ҷֿɲɱ⣬˳ӶˣΪҪֻܵһ˲䣬дӡ¡
䣡
ӡ˵ϣ޾ĳԲǧףжһգϳһ޴ӡ
£ӡмվˣɫҰףһ˿˿Ѫǵ֮Уſֲ֮ɫ׷һ
Ҷ㣬ǴˣŹǰɣ
˶˵ֱӷģϣҶܷŹһΡ
ЩţܵõһЩףôˣôԴǲֵˡ
ϧһжˣ
Ҷɱ¾֮κ˶޷ҡ˺СףǲˡЩˣһر֪Լ϶ټĸǰ
£һ޴Ļ
ӶѨҶһ˿еɱ˿ûм٣ԽԽʢ
Ӿħ֮Ҷɱ¾֮ĸŨѪı鸡ϣʮָԾð˳
Ҷʮָʱŵ÷һУȫ⣬Ҷָô֮
˿̵Ҷ㣬ֻɱɱǣƽԼɱ¾֮ġ
ɱ¾
ûκγɣֱʩչ˴ɱ¾ʮָ裬ߣϲϵľܿ콫˲סֱӲǵ֮С
꣡
Ѫ⼤䣬ѪѪ۳ɺӣɾķҶһɶ
꣡
һһնϣѪٲ㣬գĵ£Ѫȶҡ
ʣһһŮ󾪽УŸղŻͬ飬գ֮䣬ֻʣ°
ȻնϣضϰڵضҪվ˫Ȳˡ
Ҳ
ʮŮǷһԼʦֱڣһҽУгҷ衣
꣡
Ǵһһδεĳ֣ʮָػŮһ첲˳ȥʮֱָжϡ

ŮһĲҽУʼȻ޽磬˭Ը
νʣΪʤΪ
޽ʣˣߣǰôǿ壬ֻҪ޽磬Ͳ
Ҷ㣬ˣҪڳˣԸū㣬ҿԷ㣬κ󡣡
Ů˵ֱ꣬ӹҶǰһֻ֣ϵ·ȫ¶֬һļ
ϧϵϢ̫ˣһŮ͸ӶȾƽʱʱʮãʦ֣ԼѰ
ŮˣҶûκ֮ģָһŮͷ­ԶԶһԡ
֮ǰӻĵҶ㣬Լ壬Ů֮У¶һ˿ں֮ɫ
̫̰ҪͶ񣬵ӶᣬʵʵѰôɱ֮
ҪǼҶ㣬ֱǸҲڱҶնɱ
һеһУϧû鲻ܻͷ
ʣһˣԼʦܸʦöˣңֱ̱ڵϣѾ
˼Ҷ֣ƾһˣǲѷɡ
Ҷ㣬ˣʹɡ
ӵЩ֪ԼҪˣϣҶʹ졣
ͣɱһˣֱӵͷ­
Ѫ裬ӵһ㵹£˶Ҷնɱʮ˳
ղŻʮɱ֮ʮ
Ҷղ˵壬õ֮ڷٵϣҾ
˿ޱȾҶûǿ󣬷·˿̣
˺üʱ䣬ǸóȥѰˡ
ѾʮʱˣҶ㻹δͻƵһҪץʱˡ
ھͻƣѾκˣңҶҲаԱ
ۣ֮ˮľȵȵƣ򲻵ѣЩƲ׵Ķá
ֳ򶷵ĺۼһ㣬ʬ嶼˴ҶŴ뿪ˡ
С廹ƣʱڸϢҶóԴС׾齻ԼͿˡ
Ľ˵ûյԽ࣬ͻӵʮҶ㼸ÿһͻӦ
ڷӣת֮䣬¹ȥˣҶҲ̤޽ܶطĵطǰ
ƺ˽޽ΧĿĵشʥ̶޽ġ
ʱ䣬ҶѾջʮһԽԽˡ
޽ƺƽˣЩ޿ʼøԶԸȻҶͻƾ磬Ҫ򵥡
ü޳Ǽһ࣬ҶʮֿգԽ棬ȡҲԽӼѡ
ڼ䣬ҶҲĿ˺ܶΪ֣ͬʦֵܣⲻ໥
ˣǰд޳߾ۼǲҪı䷽򡣡
ƺҶΪˣԶд޳ӿǷޣޣǳ֮ࡣ
ҶҲע⵽ˣʶɨȥϻǵ£״ǧͷ޼峯߿֮һƬꡣ
תƷ򣡡
ҶûκԥôתƷ򣬳ȫĵشУô޼屩ߣ鲻Ѱ

Ҷ׼ͷʱ򣬴ӵϴǰٵıܣмʱ䣬ܱû
һһŮڵϿٱܣǵٶȸȣԵ̫ˣһͷӴޣҪſ޿ڣҧȥ
ҪҧУ϶Ϊ޸֮ʳĲ
ɨҶüͷһ壬ʮ죬ȴּǲ֮п϶ˣ벻ˡ
ͷ
Ҷô̻ͷȲܣǾ˵Ͼ࣬ʧϡ
һһٰʮתǲУֱӸ£֪ҶҪʲô
޾ԽԽֻмʱ䣬ɫҰףҪ׼ҪˣͻȻһֱֻץס塣
ߣ
Ҷ˵ֱӽ˶˴ϣôϽ˵أôһ𱩶򵥡
޽ÿοȷѪ꣬޹޿С
ĳͻȻߣ˵һ


1432 Ĺ
ܿ˸߿֮ϣ޻ڼ屩ߡ
һһŮ̺ܿһëɫûȫָڽٺĻþС
ҶҲżǻָʱ䣬Ͼ˭Ӱ졣
ƽϢһյʱ䣬ɫҲ𽥻ָһ·񱼣ԪأһյʱϢָ˴롣
վӣߵҶǰ׷׾һлҶľ֮
лҶ־֮лһݡ
һһŮ׷׳ҶϹл֮顣
Ǻ¼ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷƺ˭ϴδֺʱƺйһ֮Եֻǵʱʶ
ûǺ¼ĵӡ
˿ҶʶԼ¶Ц⣬Ҷ¼Ĺϵ΢
Ҷʮַк¼壬ǳ˼壬һжΪһˡ
ϴ֮󣬺¼Ҳʶ˼⼸ƵƵ˽ӴĿĵȻҪ͸Ҷ֮Ĺϵ
λãº
ҽһȻǺ¼ˣҶʮֹ⼸ദҶԺ¼Ҳôųˡ
ջ㲻ʮǸҶʮȣԵС׼ˡ
ô⵽׷ɱ
Ҷ˵˶Լûж⣬Ǻ¼ˣһˡ
㲻֪𣿡
һۣЩ⣬ѵҶ㲻֪Ϊޱߡ
ҶãȻҡҡͷĲʱ䣬һֱæѰ޽˽٣󲿷ֶѡɽˮࡣ
Ĳ֪йĹºܶһǰĹԲǧ޼屩ߣֻȥˣԸ޳
ʮ֣صĳҶͣ޽ԶŴ½ʮֹϣǰҲסࡣ
ʱǨǨƣֻһߴ½ɽϡ
ˣҲûֹ飬޽ȻйĹڣһιĹ߶ˣռ׷׳Ĺķȥ
ʮǰɽ޽磬ѡӣĽ޽翪ǰһƬأ޺֮⣬
ɽôֶΣһЩǿշһЩ޼ޣһǧγһΣΪ׼
Ĺ
ҶһͷˮĲ֪һֱæŲɼʲôĹȫ֪顣
ûȷһĹп˷Ĺ֪ʲô
һ֮ɫҪܻ˴УɼʲôѾ˻һȲĸĹ
λ
Ҷʮֺ棬׼ȥһʱ䣬ռһⲻʵڲУӶһЩ
Ǳߣ
ָָԶĵطĹΧǷһ׷룬Ǿ¹Ĺĳֶ
ҶĴ壬ͷֹĹķȥ
һ·֮ϣܶ޼Ӵߣ׷޷ɹΪͬʱޣЩûй
ôģǸһȥ뿪
ҶѾˣڰ֮⣬һ죬ӦþǺ˵ĹĹڡ
ȥ
˴֣Щ˼ϾҶȣʹ˷Ҳܲ
Ǻãһȥ
Ҷûһ˶һ֪ʲôȥ˵ӣĹûȫ
ӴҵһյأѾ˸˽ɫ׷׸
ǸԶˣûյϢҶһҲֲĹ
ΧڹΧҿʲô⣬ǴһڵĶĹӦþ档
ֶˣҶ㳯ʵ
Сʱˡ
ûĹûж֪ˣҲǲŵá
֪ˣҹȥ
ҶΪ֪ûΣգϣա
Ҷ֣
Ҷ߳ԶһʶƺҶ
ҶԴһϤӰӡ
ַ壿
ֻҵ˳ˣһˣַС
ǵҳҪԼһæʲôҶ㲻ַ庰סԼ֪ԼͲѰˡ
Ҷ֣þò
ַ廹£һǫǫӵӣţøУǧŮ

Ҷ㱧һȭ͸ԷҪʲô˵ΪȻҰԼҶҡ
Ҷ֣һ˵
Ҷͣ˹ûҿ¼Ȼǿ󣬵ǸȣһЩࡣ
Ҷַߵһԣֻʣˣ˸죬һЩëƤС¡
Ͼ̫ˣֻһЩ򵥵⣬ҵҲûмӣʱش𣬳漰һЩصĶһ
˵ɣʲô£
ˣҶʾַ˵ˣסԼк顣
һæ
ַĻƺҲֱ࣬⣬ϣҶһæ
ʲôЦҿ򶥶˴ڣҶ㲻飬ʲô취
Ҷַ̯̯֣ȻԼæһ߸ϵӣҶЩΣȻˣҪŵΡ
Ҷ֣ҳѾ˵˰ɣ޽磬һæ
ַЩãϲҶѱӣЩκȫԼˡ
㲻ҲˣûǴӦˣңӦ÷ŵ̬ҡ
Ҷ㵱ȻȻӦˣȻȥֻ£Ȼûʲô⣬˶ʮֿʵ⡣
ϿͿʵûκα飬һӦñȺڸǼҵ̸ҵˣޱ顣
Ȼ㻹ǵãҾֱ˵ˣҪҽĹ֮Уһҡ
ַ嵱Ȼ֪Ҷʲôˣһϼһ˿Цݣ֪ղЩˡ
Ŷԭ֪޽йĹ
Ҷʮֺ棬ַ廰˼ʵ޽翪֮ǰӦþ֪ˣһĹ
ͲùˣֻҪǽͿԣһᱣƽ
ַûиҶͣҲͣˣҶҲ⡣
˼֪࣬ǲӦģ˭֪ûΣգȥܻܲˡҲܴӦࡣ
ҶһӣƾһַԼЦ
Ҳַ֮ӣ˾ĴǧŮż
ҶҲһͨ࣬ͨĲͨûκβͬ
ѵҪڣ
ַЩãӳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳϵı顣
Ҳ˵û£ǲóȻӦģҽһ飬ҲӦæ
Ҷ͵ĺֻҪַԼô֪йĹвΪ֪ܣҶŻӦ


1433 ˻ʱ
ҶһɢģһƬҶղߵժģбۿգȫַˡ
ҵܣˡҲܸ㡣
ַһƽ飬˫ֵò죬Щ飬ҪҶİ
˼Ұﲻ㣬Ƿҵ飬һ취ϡ
Ҷ֣Ҷµ׼Ҫ뿪ø̸ַȥ
Ȼ˵֪йĹҶôڲ֪֮£ȥö
Ҷת뿪ַ֮¶һ˿ɱˣȻ߶ǵλߣһ۵ӣ֮˼ҪͿ
ܳţ֮ϣҸϼԼǿͿҲҽΨһһлɽš
Ҷ㣬ȻһھַܾɫܲÿֻҪַһ仰ǰҪԼҶΨǸ⡣
ȵȣ
ĿеɱһȻΣǱҶ㷢ˡ
£
ҶתԴַ壬ղŵɱҶƾǿʶ͸ӦһΪҵˣƾղǵɱҶͲ
֪ʲô
ַŵЭˣΪ˵õĹĶҪҶ֣ŷŵΡ
֪С
Ҷ˻ŴһɵӣĵȺַϸϸ
ǧǰҾĹϸϸ㣬ӦһλῪм˵ǳؼֻҪǰѶóͿˡ
ַ򵥵˵һ飬˼ǧ֮ǰͷĹݣһ콫
ҶתԴ˫ֱַ壬ǵЦԽԽŨˡ
û뵽ҵľţ۾գһ¡
ҶųŪ񣬾ȻЦַѡ
Ҷ㣬㵽ҪôѾˣŲ㡣
ַЩˣغܶ࣬Ȼŭˡ
Ҳôֻ֪ʵ飬Ȼ㲻˵Ҿ˵
Ҷȫַŭһԣصģʲôַ壬һͨˣûʲôֻǳҪҪöѡ
ûв´Ĺҿİɣʲôǧ֮Լ
ҶͻȻ¶һЦĶַ˫ۡ
ȻҶ㻰һ䣬ַһֻǼ򵥵һ仯Ҷ㶼׽ˣƾһ˿仯Ҷ¶ˣĹȷҼġ
ô֪ģ
ַ岻òҶ㣬˵ǰҶַһ˹ʺ˵ͷ࣬ΪƣȻϧ
ɣҶ˼飬͸ôߵԴ
ҶΪ쿴СҶ㡣
µġ
Ҷ̯̯֣Ȼ˵ǲµģûʲôݡ
թң
ַԼϵˣҶʵ֪Ĺҿģֻһ˵ղԼĿԼһ䣬ʵĸҶ㣬Ĺȷҿġ
ʵҲթ㣬ͬʱˣͲѰˣԿڳЩţǼ壬ϲһĲˣ󲿷ֶһˣˣΨ࣬ɺϣǽ֮󣬾һ𡣡
ҵͻȻ֣ȺԼռݾԵƣЩѰˣֻһֿܣҵ˽ֱ֮Ĺ
ܴǴ˶
ַ˿̲֪ҶĿ£ƾϸڣȷһ㡣
ܱ޴ȥҪõöࡣ
Ҷ㲻÷ܱȲ֪鱻ãֱӽĹȥȡνҪĶҪõö࣬ԼˣҲװףͿ
Ȼڶ֪ˣһ£Ĺ֮ν
ַ岻ڸҶȥϽ飬ȡ
㻹ûңʲô
ҶȻ֪ҵĿģȡʲôΪηԼĪַʵԼͣòԼôȡõ
˻ʱʣ
ַûأֱӸҶ㣬Ҫȡʲô
ʲôΪηҲȡ
ҶһͷˮѹûʲôĽ׶
ǵƹʱµһ֧ʣԴ˱ʿдشڻȪ۵֮¡
ַ徹Ȼ֪֮࣬Ȫ۵ʶ֪Ҿһ㡣
ԼȥþͿˣΪηǵҳ֡
ҶˣĹ棬ȻһظȪһ֮š
ЩۣǰʤȪۣĻʸȪˮ
ⲻǻȪǿֵֻ࣬ҲǱױ֪
۵˻ʱʾ֮һǧ֮ӱյˣȴ֮١
Ĵʧɢǿ֮Уɽ磬磬磬б£˭Ҫܵõе·Īҫ
㻹֪óʲô֪ˣȻ֪ΪηǵҪõõ
ַ嵱Ȼ֪Ҷдһʣڶ࣬ҪҶæ
˵
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ǿԣ̫ӣԼŴθĴǣϵô¡
ҲǷţ˻ʱʣǿ̻֮ãҲֻ֮ܽѹ
ַٴ˵һܣѵѾ֪Լӵ顣
Ҳ˵ʲô
ҶƲƲ죬֪飬֪˲ᳬһֻ֡
İɣӵʵܺò֤ڣͺܺýͣΪײܽͬ
ַ彫ҶһҶڣÿһÿ飬ʲô˯˼¼
ҵң
ҶЩˣڵԼһңҶ㵽ʲôֻΪôЩ̫Լˡ
ľֹңҲڵ㣬˵˭ڵ㡣
ַ岻ΪȻһڶ̶߰ʱ䣬һʺĵطɳΪһ棬ҫ۵ţ޷
ˣҲԴѻģҶĻȻͬ
ģ飬֮⣬˭ֲˡ
Ҷһ֮ɫַ˵ǣ̫㣬ܲ鵽ҲǻԵɺϡ
˵˵Ĺɡ
Ҷûм׷ȥѾΪʸ֮ģ˵飬ҲȻ
Ĺǧͨ޷ȥȥҲܲסǿѹ֮νĹǺܶࡣ
Ĺ֮УкܶأЩҪǰ֪Ĺ֮ҪңĿģֻҪõ˻ʱʾͿˣڹĹ֮еĻأҶԸ
ַ忪ʼ񣬾ܵļ㣬ȻĹȣҶ㲻òЩҡ
ʮ꣬Ķôĵ̣ռϣ鱨ϵͳȻ£ǲ֪¡
ҪһңôףѾҪγ˳֡


1434 
һʱ䣬ŴԶ˹ҼҲ̸
ַ߹ҵӷ׷ױտڲ໥˵ͷѾˡ
ҲҹⲼõģΪҶ㻹δһҶ㲻٣ǳȫˣʵɫһ֣ȥ
ʱˣȥɣ
ַкһҶ㳯ķȥ׼ţҶסˡ
뿪ĹʮΣգʺȥ
Ҷ㲻ϣðգȻʵܲ˭֪ĹʲôһóȻȥ֮ء
Ҷһ֣صӣƺѣס壬˵ͷǰ
ҲɵӣҸҶôãܿԼ϶ʲôܣ֪ǲܴһĹ
ðɣҶҪСģǼѰȥˡ
飬߾֮˭޽翪꣬һйĹ֣ô򵥡
ܶȻϵûóȻжĵȺһԡ
ҶַǰǿĽɾ޷̤룬֮У϶
ôϵңӵѾΪ棬Ϊػ壬µ˳ЩϹŶѡɽ磬ѭ
׼𣿡
ַٴѯһ䣬ιĹ֮УʮգԭҵӸϵʱѾȲˡ
ֲ˶ãмʱͻĴʱЩһѷȥҾ޷ռݾԵơ
˷׷׵ͷ׼ˣҴĿģһ棬õ˻ʱʲĿġ
ֻҪ˻ʱ۷򣬶Բǲ˾磬Īİ˻ʱΨһ̻ܿҵ˻ʱʣ̻ܿҲ޿ܡ
ֻ룬ص֮ʱֵģ˻ʱʾģ£̻ģȻΪ
һԿ϶˻ʱʾһϵı˻ʱʿ̻Ծ춯ء
Ǻãȥɣ
ַһ£ɫȻԼѿһŻǼȥ
ҵ˿ԽЩ߷ˣ׷׳嵽ǰҪȥ֪ɳȥǿҳ
ҶҲ߽ѷ֮Уܿ忪ʼ³ٵ½ĹȻڵ硣
СӣҪСңǹӲţ
Ľ׵ʱҶ꺣֮ҿ϶ʲôҶ㣬֪Ȼûа취ȡ˻ʱʣ˵ȥ
Ҳµˣһᰲģһһ
Ҷ˵ͷַ϶û˵ʵȻǲ˵ҶҲûа취
ֻǸо磬弱׹һյʱ䣬ֹͣ½ٶȣһƬȫ嶫
ȼ֣
ַһ£һ⣬ɲͨĻ棬ǲɼ𾫻Ũɣ߷ǳ֮ǿܶʱ硣
ųһյʱ䣬ҶŸоԼ˫أָоãѾˣһƬƺˡ
Сģ
ַԸһ䣬Ȼ䲻پ룬̫տⶼڵɵˣֻ䷽Բʮ׵ľ롣
ܴ󣬸ղ˵ʮʱлҲ˵ʮֿտ֪ͨδ
ʦ֣Ǹóĸߣ
һҵӳַʵһƬĸߣȷʵһ⡣
ַһ̣ʮأöӣڵת
һȦַѡǰΪöӣöָǰʣһöָǰȻͬķ
ãǴͷ󣡡
õַָ˷׷ߵǰͷ׼ͷַҶں档
֣ʲô
ֵַ̣Ҷ㲻ʵǵһοĶ̽ⷽ
̣Ҳʲôܡ
һַûֱӽ̡
Ҫʲô
Ҷ㻹ǲףΪƾһ̣ҵ׼ȷλá
ֻһοˣɣָ򣬾ô򵥡
ַʼ磬ԭֻ̣ж׼֮ãָĸ򣬴
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷѹָղöָ෽ַѡôߡ
ڼžĿռһʱ䣬ûпκζڵ磬·һ޼ʡ
ʦ֣ǰж
ǰͻȻͣǰ洫һ˿˿ǺԣӲ˵Ķ䡣
ж߷ɹ
ַжϣϸ΢֮У׽һ˿ۼӦһַеĦ
Сģ
ַüͷͻȻһ壬ʾͣ£ҪóȻǰ˵
Ҷֱۣ֮ԶڵĿռ䣬һ͸ɫҲһš
˻
ҶͻȻһһ
ҶͻȻľٶַע⣬ûпҶۣ֮ͻ֮ҶԽ֮Ӱ˸
Ҷ֣ʲôˣ
ҶһҰ֮ɫַʶ鲻ѰҶʵ
һ飬Ͻ˳ȥﲻǸġ
Ҷʮ֣صĳַ˵ڳüڵȥҪ뿪ˡ
Ҷ֣˵ףҪΣ
ַЩˣǺòײûҵ˻ʱʣǲ뿪ġ
ǲߣߣиƨϵ
Ҷø£Ȼȥ׼뿪ط
˼ڻߣҪҵ˻ʱʡ
ַͻȻסҶȥ·뿪
㲻Ҫҳ֡
ҶҲǻðɣԼǴӦҵæװ
ԣҲ㡣
˫ǰҲ׷ͣ½ŲҶΧҶ뿪
Ҷϲ֪ðɱԼԸַһ˻ԣڶˣʤͲһˣΣأҶҲġ
ǻڵģΪ˸صĴۡ
ҶͻȻЦˣЦЩȻǿЦ˿Ҫ뿪ƺˣԶԽԽ
Ҷ֣ǲΪ㣬ֻҪõ˻ʱʣԵмҲ㣬һ𡣡
ַͻȻŵղҲǲѣȻϣҶ㽫ϵŪڼƻ
м
Ϊں𣿡
ֻǶһŵˣҪԼ̫ߣҲҪѱ˿̫ͣҲô˲𡣡
ҶЦһ֪Ҫ뿪ѾˣѾ˺ƤҲûбҪַ
Ҷ֣˵ص㣬ǲ˲Ե˹ֲָۣ𡣡
ַҲ֮ӣԼƢҶεңַʮֲˬ
ҪñأҪرˣҸղѾѹǣǲҵ
ҶøǆȥͻȻһ֣ԼҵԼиƨϵ
ݣ
Ҷֵһ̣ռ֮УͻȻһХ·мĶƿռ䡣


1435 ɷڵ
Ҷֵһ̣ܿռͻȻ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶߴһХ·мĶռ䡣
ͣ
һѪһöֱӵڵϡ
ͨ
žͿһ˵زѪĲӿȾڵĵ棬˫ŭЩĿ۾õַ塣
ˣ
˷׷ȥ˵ƣҪ˵壬ȴҶһȴˡ
Ҫ
Ҷһȣ˷׷ס壬һ֮ɫҶ㡣
ͱȻľ㡣
ҶûнͣҲҪͣΪƿԽԽ࣬ڵĿռ䣬·ܽʣµ˳ɵ
Ļֺܿռģߴ裬Ѿֱ治ںδƫԭеĹ
Ҷ֣׷ʲôˡ
ַҲһ֮ɫɾ˼޵ֵ֮ͱɱʲô
꣡
ҶĶ˲׼˵ʶǴһԽԽ࣬ΧתƺЩĻ֡
һϨ𣬽֪
ַʶҶ㽻
Ҷ֣ղŶе⣬׷ʲô飬Щʲô
ڵĿռ䣬ʶ͸ȥͱڰգܵĿռ䣬·һУ˵ʶյһɶ֮⣬
ɷڵ
Ҷ˵֣һſȥŵ档
ַ˷׷Ч£Ҳſڵϣûǰڵʧ
Ȼֺޣϲڵ磬ٶޱȣ׵磬֮У׵索棬óȻ⵽ɡ
ַҲˣԵɷڵİһϹ֮Ϳˣڵ磬ɲĲֹٶȣǿɲĵ
һɨУ߻飬ֱܶ˼ڸ
ûֵɷڵ
Ҷ˵ͷʣ¼һ໥ӱ˴˵֮Уһ˿֮ɫ
޷ǳСֻӤֱ۴ϸһ߶೤ڵ
֮Уˮ޷棬оԡ
ֵɷڵڵ磬ʵҲоԣ㲻£ҪȵǿɲΪɷڵܷС
һ㣬ɷڵ޷䵽ϣſڵϾû£óȻվ϶ᱻΪĶ
Ҷ֣ܿľ󣿡
ַԼûɷڵΪҶ㿴ˣⲻ߼ֻһֿܣҶ㲻ڰơ
µģ
֮۵鵱ȻˣֱӺŪ˹ȥ
ַҲûǿѣҶ㲻ѣǲ˵ѡ
Ҷ֣ô죬ܲһֱ
ǴеĿѰ˻ʱʣδͱɷڵסȥ·һˣ˵ǳʦ
ô죬ȥһ
Ҷ˼ܼ򵥣뿪˵ֲ̫ˣҶ㻹˲ͬѰĶղһɫ㷢ڵҹԵֲ̫ĸо
ڵĿռ䣬ͻȻðһ㷢֪ʲôܣѵй
ҶŲŹ˵ʮֲֿ֪ʲô
УߣĹֲ֧˶ãƻиʱǾлˡ
ֱַӷ񶨣׼뿪Ҫҵ˻ʱʡ
ҪԼҡ
ҶҲһ㳯ȥֻɷڵַ˲ҳ֡
Ҷ֣ѵΪһ仰ȫ͵𣿡
ַͻȻ˵䣬ֳĿҪ䡣
вң
ҶϵɱڲزסˣҾȻҲֱɵֶΣԼͷӦѰ˻ʱʣ˿
ҵȻϣôһ죬ԻҶһ⣬Ȼܿ鷳ҶִǼǰ
Ӹղŵַ岻Ѳ³Ҷı죬Ӧܴڵ統УһЩ
ڵģ
ҶһϵɱԽԽŨϲвĸоԼǿ
ǿȻҵвǿôὫҷǿôᱣԼļˡ
ҲǱƲѣҶ֣·ɣ
ַûҶɱһ񣬷ǳʱڣ͵ҪǳֶΣҶҲţһõӶѡ
еķŭƽϢȥҶתӣڵһŲٴν֮
Զ¶һڵͨһߣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Щɷڵÿһռ䣬һͻڵɷڵĿС
뿪ã½ϵĽɫһʧȺһٶ̲סˣ׷Ҫһ̽
ǹĹŪû˷Ĺҵıһɡ
磬ȥ𣿡
ﳯʵ֮УƺҲЩ֮ɫ
˰ɣǻǼѰĹãôȥܵõжˡ
ĺܿҵ棬бҲֲǣ֪ûΣա
磬ʱ仹磬ǲȵȿɣ
ﻹϾĹջǲСġ
ֲԼãֻôӦ֮ǰһ뿪ҸȫĵطһЩ۷ˣòɲھһΡ
һٶţ֮ܿޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮С
Һô׼׷ó֣дָЯܶණӦͻ
һٶ˻ִһ𣬾Գˣ˲䱻ˣзԲ׾룬յһ
Ҷſڵ϶УǺܿ죬һٶ˷׷׷ҽ

գۼĹһƬЩɷڵ˹βɨǵĲӣϮȫܿʧȥ֪
ղǻ㳰ЦҶˣΪſڵϣδЦĲ
ſ£
Ȼ˴һļʮ˷׷ſѧҶǰ
ö˷˿ϧ
֮ͷ˳֮˿ʼռǺöòأܼһҲ
ڳַӵоʮ֮⣬Ҷ࣬󲿷ֶʮʮ
һɱʼˣ׷ױգԼ֮УǣԲ
żƯ֮УҶ¶һ˿֮ɫ֮Ϳ˭бˡ
ˣռʮһʣ¾ҡ
Ҷȥ޷ɷڵĹ
ͬûκϢֱӷ˳ȥ屦ܿ첶׽һ
ſڵЩֻԼߵ̫ԶĵطȥⱻɷڵɨС
ֻĿŸӶһһһսȥڸ֮С
Ҷ㣬һ
ϳҶ㣬ŭ


1436 Ӷ
Ҷӵ챦ÿȡ˷׷¶߿֮ɫ
Ǹҵһ𣬸ղ½ϣһ̶ϣҶ֮Է
ڽ£ʱ䣬ʮˣжƯڿУղһЩҲʮѡ
󲿷ƯڿУ޷Ϊеɷڵڿε˭Ҳվߡ
ͱҶ㣬ڳҶ屦֮⣬ַ嶼ֻܸɵۡ
ҷ׷ŭҶݳһһӶ񣬷Ĵﶼˡ
Ҷʼ磬ܵȫˣԼ˵ĵˣҲںοԼ
ΨʵǺŲĶûʵᱻ˼̤ڽ¡
ʵԽһУͻΪף˶᳼Ľ£ǲ
һһսȥ̶̼ʮʱ䣬ϰյһɶ
ûǸʹһٶȫҶ㣬һţҶ㷢ŭ
ַ񶼱ˣʼҶӸĮ𽥸ı俴Ҷһδθ̫𺳡
֮󣬸˻һһʮʮʣһʮȫҶ֮С
һٶ֮УҶɫǳͨ죬Ҫһ˶ֿ񱩵ɽ編򣬲ű塣
úúãСӣһ
˿Ҷܵӣ׷¶ֻı飬ҪҶô
ҶˣЩȻɳֿˡ
ǲǵõҪһգȻһһٶֱѰ·
໥ۣҶʮܵӣʮֽҶ㱻
ʱһһйȥַ϶¶һ˿֮ɫҪҶܲܽһٶȫΪɲҶ
ˣСϲˡ
Ҷ֮ϣϢʼңҪߵֻҪվ϶⵽ɷڵĹʱǳ֣ҶҲ֮ء
ۿСҵǰ֪ˣȻեԴܿҽˡ
ʥһͻȻЦΪ˽޽磬ԴŵõһöƣҶǺ֮ǡ
һǧˣİ˱ҶեԴ˭Ҷ㣬Ǵųӵ
ҶǵƤһһ͹ʮֿɲͶŤˡ
Һǵ磬ɷڵε棬ҶʹӣͳȥһһҶķˡ
⼸˽֮⣬˱ֳĬȻʹҶ㣬ʱԵʱԼûΣգܱ¡
ʮ֮ͻȻʢɢЩɷڵȻҿЩ°˱
Щ߿׷¶֮ɫҶ㲻ԼǸ̥Ƶʮ֣Ȼ֮󣬻һ
һŪʱʱĳ֣뿴Ҷ
Ҷ㣬ڣɱҵĸ磬ģһɱ㣬ҪҶˡ
Ժһ洫ӣݵ޲ھͳȥɱҶ㡣
Ҫʧˣ
Ҷɫ𽥻ָ͹ĽҲһص֮УһʮҶȻɹ֮
˵Щˣַ嶼𾪵ͺϲϣҶôģһʮһյʱȫҶ㻹ǲˡ
ȻҶ㻰һ䣬ЩǳһѼһɤϣ̲£²ʮܡ
Ҷ㣬˹ʺˣ첻ǳȥҲ·һ
ʮˣһɱҶ㣬Ӧⲻ
ûˡ
ҶͻȻޱ䣬ɱɢʮֿɲ
Զַ嶼һ㶣ѵҶҪ֣նɱǣ
Ҷ㣬ôˣ㲻ɡ
ҶȻǿվ˫ȭѵ֣ʮˣ˺սҲܽҶɱ
˶Σվ𣿡
ҶЦһھǧˣҪʵʵſڵϣһվͻ⵽ɷڵĹ
ȻҶ㻰һ䣬һĬǰȷʵ޷Ҷ֡
Ҳһɱһ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦָһ㣬˱˳ȥ
ʮӽƷǿѹ֮ɱɾ
Ϊһ⣬ֱڸղŽӵͷϣǿѹ֮ӷһҽС
Ҷ㣬Ҫʲô
Ժеţ죬ͻȻ屻ѹ޷¶Ұ֮ɫ
ʲô
˵ʲôѵҪһԸ𣿡
Ҷ㲻ʲôˣҪɱԼˣԲ
ƿԣղȷʵ˵ҪˣһɱҶ㣬ڷˣҶٿظ˲佫ɱ
ղЩ˷׷ױͣҴһ£ⱻҶ㷢֣Դ˻Ҷ㡣
һ巢ǵֻҪѹȥ϶ᱻѹ⽴
վҲſڵҲûѡء
ҵ˾ĿһУûֹҲַֹ忪ʼɣвҶ㵽ǶԻǴ
˵رҶγǣҪһвնɱѿ֮С
ղַþвҶ㣬һҶʵԽң᲻ԴһԴҡ
û֪ǴҲỳɣɱ֮ħ֮ƣѾӡҶϣΪһЩˣҶ㲻ϧǱ丮ɱʮˣֶΣɱʲô
Ҷ㣬ҴˣŹҰɣ
ͻȻˣûʲôȻҪˣһжڡ
㣿
һΧɱ𣿡
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬ŻɽնɱһһΣա
ᣬҲˣŹҰɡ
첻Ҫ޳ŵӣһɹɶζ
ģû˳ЦԼϣָѡʹʹȥǹ͵
ǲ֪Ҳ볢ԣƫƫҶĿ⿴ſڵϵˡ
Ҷ֣˰ɣҪɱˡ
ַͻȻֹҶ㣬ϣҪɱ¾ȥ֪ΪʲôÿҶҪɱ˵ʱһӶǡ
ܴҶ֮УʬɽѪаħϢǾţҲ¶һ˿ɵҶ㵽ʲô
ɱҲԣİɣԺɱң׳ͷ֮ء
Ҷû췢ģ׼׷ɱԼ
ҷģɱ֮ģ֮ء
ûκԥѡ˷ġ
ַҡҡͷ֪ΪԼҶŹˣҶûӡΪܣţʵҲһͷ̰


1437 ʨӴ󿪿
ˣΪ˻ȥѡҶ㳼˶ġ
磬һģͻᱻ¼ڲᣬû˸Υٽһ
ҶѪ飬ԼɱϣڳˣңҶҲӡ
Ҷ㣬ԶΪˣıԼΪˣҶ᲻ϧһдնɱַ塣
ΪˣΪֿҶѡЭ̫Թ޴ӷй
ĿĮŨɱĿ⿴ˣĿƶ
ѡĻ
䣬ڵĵ磬ԶԶڷ
һڷʥŵϣ·ǷĻѡ
Ҷ㣬ħҲġ
޴ŭҲһͷҡβĿ棬ȻţҲһʬ⡣
úã
Ҷ㱻ħûָһ㣬Ȼ£޴屻ѹ촷ۣʧĶʮ˳ֱӱա
ûκα鲨ҶƵɱһˣַһҶֶ̫ˣκν͵Ļᡣ
ģģǾ
ԭΪҶֻŻŻң˭֪ɱˣ֮ƣ˲նɱ޴
ɱϣûһ˿֮У޾ɱ¾֮ÿһռ䣬·ЩɷڵӦˣХش
һϣͬĻͬͬѡ񣬶ѡһûе·ѡ
Ļѡ
Į飬·£ÿһͬո顣
ѹɫһƬҰףԥ˺ܾãվѡģΪ˻ϡ
Ҷͼ˼һļ䣬û򣬹թЩˡ
ҶóҺ޵޿κΣ˭ڱ
еɷڵôᱻҶвڽѣŸһδ£ҡ
˵ĺ״ݻ٣һı֮󣬺˾ͻЧ£̶̼ʱ䣬ѾʮѡģĲ׷ɱҶ㡣
ˣ
Ҷ㸡һħӵϣħһֱҶĸ󻼣һħ˰ʮңһһ𣬾һв
Ҷ㣬Ӳǵġ
ħ¶һ˿аЦ徹ȻԼվ
վһ̣ɷڵȥֻһ˲䣬嵹ز𣬱ɷڵɱ
ħǶħͷβĶħ
˷ȻˣӰ޷һӶ޷ħϡ
˵Ҷ޶ԣٿظһһħ״ңлŮ׷ѡġ
һЩŮӣɫգϧҶ˵˿ûãֻ·ѡģѡ
ˣ
ͻȻޱ¥һŮӵϣŮҶһΣûжٺøУʱһԸԼ
Ҷ㣬ʶ橵ķϣŹǰɣûɱ֮ġ
ŮӸղһֱĬϴҶڰɾնɱ֮󣬾ͲصӰҶһħ
ʱ䣬ٲģ֪
ʲô˶ûãҶҪ飬ܹ
С£ϻôʲô˾һħǷˣԺ׷ɱɱ
ղŷĵһʱ򷢳ŭǲŶˣ滹߰ˣһնɱҶ㣬ȱǣҶҲ·һ

ԣҶ˫ֱŮһʱ䣬ٲģ᳹ѹȥ
ãҷģԺҲ׷ɱ㣬Υ
СµŮѡ˳Ϊ˭Ҳǻ˶ʮǰɾȥ֮󣬾򶥼ţ˭һûз
ȻǶˣôˣ
ʮˣĵķģҶջ˸ʱ򵭵˵
֣˵Ķˣ֪ҶҪʲôȥҶˡ
Ҳұ֤Ƿĵı᲻ᴫȥҪǸһǧݣŵֵ֪٣
Ҷ㽫¼ÿ˷֮ǰʹģЩ˶֮ӣҪǴȥɨء
Ҷ㣬ħ
˷䣬Ҷ̫ɶˣǷģһ¼ڻвǡ
£ȥ֮󣬵ȻˣǷˣˣҵȻҲ˵ΨҶ㣬ڰѱ
ַ嶼ҡҡͷЩڸղвҶ㣬˾һۣ˼ܣһһκεĻᡣ
й¶ȥҲԣÿǧ컯ǰһȻֻóȥˣŻв˸Ȥġ
ҶʨӴ󿪿ڣؼʱ̣ٴвǣȻὫǳªһչǰ
Ҷ㣬̫ôˣѾģ㻹ǹ㻹û񣬸аħкβͬ
ָҶ㣬ΪаħղǷģҲǱƲѣȻҪΪԼƲѵ򵥣˲
ѵ񣿾Ͳа
Ҷ˵꣬Цһѹǵ
ôΧһҪɱң̸񣬾ƾҲ䡣
ҶԴϬģǶôһ𣬶ԸԼһˣȻ̰ͼҶϵı
˳ĬҶ˵ûҶƣû˱ǣƾ£ҶȻܻİٶöƣˣһҲһɴԴ
˵ļģ˱ԼãҶλǺܸߣ죬ŵ½Ľ
˵ʲô񣬶ĳ˭㽲˶Ͳᷢô飬һһεΧɱԼ
ҵ˶˵ˣҶ㻰ڣôҪɱ׼˼ҷʲô߼
׷ɱַ壬ƻڣҵ˻᲻ϧһдۣնɱЩ׷ɱַˡ
ǲ࣬Ϊַҵˣû˸ҶҶ㲻ͬȻǷڵӣڳ֮ˣһǴŵĵӣ·ڡ
û˵˰ɣȻû˵ˣǸ˵ˣһǧ컯һŶУûУԴǷʱһȥһһȡ
ҶĬˣҶø䣬ܱĿռ䣬ϵɷڵ켫ˡ
ˣǧ컯ҵļҡ
ԺһóһöָӵҶǰǶμ¼һȥصԺûˡ
ˬ죬ҲǲˣȻôʹ죬Ȼģ˭һ˵ء
Ҷָһ˿˿ԼЩ˷׷ҧгݣַ嶼ȥˣݺݵҶһš
ǽҶõ˻ʱʣַƶЩ˳ͷҶתĸԸóԴ


1438 Ц
ڳˣóǧ컯ָΪ˹ƣ˺ܶԴ
˭û£ϴô컯ʲô󲿷ţ϶ɾֶ
óǧ컯֮⣬һ֮ɫϸʹղ롣
û컯ҲҪɾһһö
Ҷ¶ζЦݣóɾ
Ҷ㣬ôȥ
̲סˣƿڴɾôܸ컯ȣ޽磬ʱ޿̶Σգɾ԰ԼٻָԪ൱ھ
ҪǶҶˣԶϺ·һöɾҶ㻹ĺ˼˵
ڳַ֮⣬ûһóһöɾ
òҲҪ˭ôʴأһθĹµĻᡣ
Ҷһģڳҧ޲ܰҶȥ
ǿдǷ뿪޽磬һһһȡϢ𡭡Ͱһһǧˣһ죬һǧԴƣǿɺã
Ҷһ޺ӣĲ˿ʼҪˣҶǳӶᣬǩǷ
Ҷ㣬㲻ҪôߣǶôŵĵӣܱһδεв
ղűŷģѾˣϾ׷ɱѣûʲôǴˡ
˵ûǻᣬ˵ǿǿȻǲҲǿ󣬵뿪£Ҿͽ̻һǧݣʱһݣҵҪԺ㣬ԶҪˡ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦû˱Ƿ򲻿ɡ
Ҷ㣬ݣǷˣ뿪޽磬ڻ㡣
һӦҶҪ󣬿дǷ
ܴӦȻôߣǰѱֻԽԽࡣ
ֹҪҶ׽ȥˣ˭֪Ҷ㻹ûֶΡ
֣סһ뿪ټΧɱֻҪˣЩǷȻͻϡ
ղŴӦӰдȻ˷׷׵ͷͬǩǷֻҪҶˣǷȻϡ
ǰдҶһֱŵЦ⣬֪ܲʲộƳȥ֮󣬻и׷ɱԼ
ֻҪԼһǷҲϣֻǴһѡ
ʮʱ䣬˶ǩǷӡ˼٣ֻҪҶ㲻ܻ뿪޽磬ǰֽһš
СĽǷҶǶЦ˻һǧʮˣʮڵˣ㹻˷չꡣ
ڴڷչ׶ΣûжԴӦҶ㵽ӶᣬռһԴ֮󣬲졣
һУҶûмΪǣһҶڸʲôµĻ
ǿ쿴ɷڵڳˡ
ͻȻһɷڵȥֻ˲䣬˵һɶ
ֻҶһ֪ʲôˣղŴӵֳͨһưɫ㷢һ㣬Ǻܳһɫٲ
ҶͻȻվȵڿͨʱٲİ׷ʧˣҶЩץ¹Ĺ̫ˡ
Ҷ֣Ǽǰɣ
ɷڵˣڰ׷ֵһ̣ʧһɶַҲվҶ
Ǽʮˣ׷Ͷ޵Ѿ˶ģ϶Ҷˣмֱѡ뿪Ϸȥ
ΪԽߣ磬ëȻղŻʮˣת֮䣬ֻʣʮˡ
ʣµ˳컹ûڣص˵ϣ˺ˡ
һѯʣ֪淢飬˳ˣҺûȥȻҲһһʬ
˳ˣ뿪ĹѰȥˡ
ǰ棬ʣµĶʮ˵ں棬ҵһξ룬̫а죬֪滹ʲô
һɷڵĻֻһˣԴߵʮСġ
ǰͨСģ
ղĵطһƬտشطûͨҶ㲻ǰͨȽȥ˵
ҸղŰɫͷͳƺһָ
ã
ַ˵ͷԸһ䣬ȫ䱸ͨΪôտʮ˻һ𣬵ҲС
ͨʮ׶ǽʯѻɣʯ棬ͿһཬɲһཬúŴ׽϶ɣӲ̶ȣִˮ໹ҪӲ
ǽʮֹ⻬һ;˴ĥ滹̻һЩ·ΪҶмشǽϿ̻ĶĲǺ
֮ͨУֻгƵĽŲдҵ

ͻȻ֮䣬һҽд˴ҵ˼ά˳ҽ˹ȥִǽ֮Уһֻë׵Ĵֱ֣ӽһǽܽץ˽ȥ
ȵҸϵǰʱ򣬷ǽڻָΨһ𣬸ղűץȥӱһ񣬿̻ǽ֮ϣ黹֮ǰֲӣʮ
ʲôôץȥˣ
бȽϵ֮ˣóǽãǽڼӲ糣ûһ˿϶Ǹղôץȥġ
ӹǣӱץȥ֮󣬻ǰӣʮʹ࣬·⵽˽
Ӳˣ̫аԣ
ѡ˳ûõȥˡ
Ȼмѡ˻ȥղŻǶʮˣֻʣʮˣ߼ˣһʮ߰ˡ
νʣµЩ˶ģҵ˶ûߣûɺ¡

֮ͨУͻȻһ˼ƤЦкŮ֪еЦŮЦ̫ˡ
˷׷׳ʱ׼֡
˭ӹ
׳˵Խ󣬵ҲŴΪ˲ò֮ģҷ׷׽˺üֱ
ǴǱߴģǹȥ
ܿȷԴҲ⣬׷׳ֵĵط߹ȥ
ͨҲ֪೤·һֱͨ޾ĵǹǣ·ˣ˺ü֪ͬͨԼղŴ߽ͨġ
ô£
ûҵԴ˶·ˣҪȥˡ
ҲҪţһʲô֮ģֻҪҵڣ֮ܽȥ
׷໥οˣֻܱţĿ⿴Ҷ㻹ַ壬ϣܿһЩߡ
Ҷ֣ʲô
ַ峯Ҷʵֻһܿ
˵ǻڵģͨڣȥ޻أԽߣΣԽ࣬Ūãеħ
Ҷһνӣı飬ַɫࡣ
ҾţҲû飬̫ˣǽ֣ȺĵɷڵëȻЦ
Ҷ㣬ΣˣȻǰЩԹǰͬһһپ٣һˣʣһˣҲ뿪һҵڡ
ղŸҶԺӽı˺ܶ࣬һĿ˵ӣǷŵ̬ҪҶһ
˭˵ҸͬһˣҪ뿪˭Ҳ޷ǵиƨϵ
Ҷ̯̯֣ǵԼʲôϵƾʲôǡ


1439 
Ҷӣʮȴ޿κΣһˣΣվʹһ֣Ҫһ𣬲л뿪
Ҷ֣ʲô˼ѵ֪γȥ
Ҷ˼ƺ֪ȥĵ·ַҶ㻰һЩߡ
֪֪Ҳǡ
Ҷشĺܸɴַ࣬ҪЮЩֲģҶƾʲôǣԴˣҶʴȡ
ҲǼǰҾͲˣû޷뿪
סˣҶ׼ߣҲؾ档
ܿһ˼·αҶԣַҲѯʣǼʶһ鿴ܡ
ǽʮֹŹ֣ʶȻԼܱսȥ̽ⲻʲôء
̤̤̤
ͨ̤̤ڱڣ̤ͨʼζվȣ಻ϵĻ
濪ʼζһ˿˿ѷ죬ðڵĵ֮ʮֿɲγһаħ
Ҫ
һŮͻȻһУұϳһֻë׵Ĵ֣Ǵǽðһߡ
ݣ
ڴʱַˣһâֱ֣նֻë׵Ĵ֣ŮӲŵԽȣŵÿʼ
ûΪĴִǽץȥһץʵͻᱻϽ޾Ԩ֮С
˭뵽ᷢ飬ִֻǽһͻᱻϽȥ
ҹ
üֻë׵Ĵͬʱһץȥһӷһŭȣгһ⣬Ʒˡ
һɨЩë׵Ĵַ׷ױնϣīɫѪҺǵ֮еħ
ֻҶ㣬ĿһУЩë׵ĴûץҶԼ֪⣬û֪ô¡
ħʼҶǰӾħٻаħЩһֱûٻһٻײٿأ⵽аħɡ
֮󣬾ħɢħɢϢʮƣȻҶ㵱ͬࡣ
Ҷ㣬Ϊû£
˶ͶĿ⣬ﲻͣϵĽë׵ĴնϣֻҶһˣߡ
ͨζԽԽƺбļٴν
Ҫ
һҽУղŶһٵŮվûӹˣһֻϽǽ֮УһĻ
࣬ߵԽԽ٣˳ԽԽࡣ
̶ʮʱ䣬˺üˣʼ˴޴Ҫ뿪
Ҷһͨַ岻ҳɣһζҶ׷ȥҶǵĿơ
˷׷׸ȥʧ˲䣬ֻ֣һֻֻ飬ֱֻղűɱļˣҲʼԼֱۣŵЩܵĸˡ
ǰ⣬ǿߣ
һʮ˿ٱܣǰһЩ⣬ȼһ˿ϣӿ˽Ų
һϵַ壬ҶվԭأûмǰǽһԲεĽһ޴ѼԲ·ʯ֮ϣżյ͵ƣǹһҡΣɢīɫĻ⡣
ʯ֮ϣ̻ܶڻ滭źܶ࿴ͼΣǿգҲиֹޣ֪ɽ磬Ƿ磬ûмֵĶ
ųͷߣˣ֮ëȻ
ʲôôа񣡡
ǽЩڻ˿ʼģһЩгŮһǵ֮еĶ
ǵʹߣӭ磡
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫͻȻתԴӭĶͻȻ
ѵҶҲǵ֮ˣŲ⵽Ĺ﹥ղ֮ͨУֻһûκˣֱ۶û̧һ¡
Ҷ㣬˵ʲôǵ磬װŪһǲԼġ
˿ʼɣǲҶˣȻôû£˶ˣַҲ˲Ԫ
˵ĺˣӭ磬ν޻أѾȰǣҪ̤֮ţԼֵֹ˭
Ҷ䣬īɫĻУԵôˡ
ҲţʲôģҾͲˣûгڡ
ֻڴ˵û˼֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ںδҶΣ
ҿʼѰϣҵȥ·һ磬·ʧˣұһ޴Ѽ档
ǣ
Ѱһյʱ䣬ûκʱ򣬴ӵϴǵһ̨ӵð˳
ŵ˷׷һվǽΧĬĬעӴӵðһ޴ʯס
ʯ׶೤һ׶ⲻʹõĹײģʹãᳬףȲᳬһףһʯס
˭Ҳ֪ʲôͻȻӵðëȻëҶҲ⡣
ʮʱ䣬ʯײų¶̻·ʯʮơ
һۣ׷׳ʯ˹ȥѵھʯף
ǽڶˣӲޱȣһ𣬶޷ֺֻʯײҵȥĵ·ˡ
ô
ûǰ໥ʵϣһõİ취
ҽĿ⿴ַ壬ҵӣʵߣݲһ㣬Ӧа취
˿ʯװɣҲҵһЩ
һصַ壬˿ҲЩ޴룬֪Ӧֻһһ
ãһ˿ʯס
ʵҶ˼ֻϣַͷңĹǣҵҲ
Ҷû˵Ҳûз°ͣڲϵ˼ʱ˼ʱüʱĿ¶Ĺʡ
ʯ׺ܴ󣬶ҷʮʵʮ˺Ȼûкʯ׷ֺһ۵
ʯô򲻿
˾ţ֮ȻûдʯףòЩǷϣֱ˵ϣڵĴŴ
ҲҪģһа취ģҾͲˣʯ޷򿪣϶ûҵеĹؼ
Ҵնս̵ĵӣʵַܲڳ쵼ߡ
ûһа취ֻǻû뵽ôˣҾͲŴ򲻿ʯס
Ϣһ£һվ׼һΡ
ϢʱҶʯһȦüͷԽԽĲʯףʯϵ·Ȼħƣѵ
Ҷ㲻ˣԼ²һʲôĽ֣û֪ҶҲֻ֪֪Ǵ²
Ҷ㣬ְﲻʲôæÿ
ҶĶһ·˲ͷˣҶϽÿ
Ҫ˿ʯף
Ҷվӣʮ֣صĳʵϾغڳ˵
ѵ㻹бİ취𣿡
˷ʣҶбĺ÷Ҳῼǡ
ҶҡҡͷĿǰȷʵûкõİ취УԼ뿪ˣαر
Ǿ͵ˣ㶼ûа취ֻˡ
ٴΧʯܣҵһЩ·϶óֱӲ˽ȥ׼һΡ
Щ·һֵ̣ˡ


1440 ڰ
ʯ棬̻·ʮأûʶ
Ҷ㲻ͬЩ·ħ·ʮֽӽЩ·ȫͬ
Ҷ뵽һЩҶüͷԽԽʮһ𽫱ʯ׵ķ϶֮С
Щ϶·㣬֮Щ·ˣǻһ㣬ʯߡ
Ҫ򿪣
ҶͻȻһȣˣϧѾˣȵҪʱʯԼǵЩ·һݱ䣬ָʯϵ·һʮɲ
ʮ˷׷˻ʯһ㷢仯Ĺ׸һȥ¶һ޴ڵĶڣ޾ħ͸
ڵĶڣ¶־֮ɫ·𿴵٣رǸղҶһȣòͷһӰ
ַ˿ҲûˣŴʯðħҾţЩϱ鲻ôȻ
ˣǰħԽԽ࣬ʼӣһﱻħ˶⵽ͬ
ԶԶûô򵥣ڴεħʱٴͻ䣬ʯ׵Уһǿ
֪ҪҶĳǿٱȫһȼ

ĽһҵһӦֱӱ˽ȥʧʯ׵С

һҽУʯ׵˳ˡ
ɫ䣬ôԭΪʯǳȥĵ·˭֪Ǵ֮ͨš
ô죬ô죬ǶҪ𣿡
˿̣Ҳʶ٣һ㲻ܿƣǿק壬һʯ׿
ַˣ޷ֵʯ׵дɫ࣬óֱӲϣֹԼʯס
ҶҲֵסʯ׵˫Ƚץס棬ϧǿһֻǣѾŤϵ·졣
Ҫ
һˣ岻ܿƣֱʧʯ׵УһҽУʧ
ʣµŵûһ£ʼû˿ȻҶҲ⣬ϱʮء
ңҡ
һˣ˫ץסʯױԵ˫ѾȥˣֻʣԴ棬
ϧ˭ǰԼѱȥܱˣһʱ䣬ӳױʯɣʧ
һһתۼĹֻʣ²ʮˣҲʹò˶ãҲᱻʯ׳ա
Ҷ㣬ûа취뿪
ַ˵ˣ忪ʼܲסһʯ׿ͻᱻʯɡ
ˣץסʯףһͻᱻȥǾٲ
ûа취˵ǻڵġ
Ҷ֮УޱϲˣԹѾûˣȷʵûа취ʯ׺ϣлһ١
ϧʯԽԽǿƣ˵Ĺ˱˽ȥ֮ˣֻʣַԼˡ
ڿ֧ţŤ˫Ȳܿƣһʯ׵С
Ҳİ
һҽУնս̵ľţҲױʯյһɶʣ
Ҷһ㱻ֱ˫סʯףʮָðʯ֮У赲ס
ַҲòȥ˫סʯױԵҶһɫϵûжٵ֮ɫҶʮֻɣѵַ֪γȥ
ߵһһʧʯΧֻʣҶַˣƳŲ˶ãҲᱻ޾ĺԨ֮С
Ҷ֣һˣϣлһϸ¡
ַͻȻӻóһöɫķһǿĽȥһֳֻ֣˺ѿռ䣬ַ뿪
ǽڳһ޴ѷ죬Ŵֵĳַ֣ʧˣֱӱôֶΣ˺ķ򣬽֮ȥ
ֶΣ
Ҷ¶ŨŨ˼֮ɫҹȻһ㣬֮Ϊ˱ַ˲ɱ˭֪õ˴
ӵ˲Ϊ棬ҶֻܿЦһԼγַһϸ£һʮĹңкι֮
ϧûлˣַʧˣֻʣԼһ˻ڿ֧ţˣͳʧ
ԽԽҶɿ˫֣ûıֻܿԼ壬һ޾ĺڰ֮СͻȻ֣ħɢһ㵭ĹΣ
Ҷʧһ̣ʯºϣһлָ·ûзκ飬ʯһ¡
ϣһַӵ˳˿̹Ĺ棬ΧŲˣ˵еɷڵĴڣЩ˲ȥ
֣ȥˣ
ַֻһ˳Ҳˣַʵ
ˣ
ַЦһҲûʲôģȫ
Ǿ޴ĹҲʧȫϣ˰ȥһ飬û֪˽ӽš
ܣҶʦܲģ
ͻȻȺ֮Уһȣֱӳ嵽ǰѾûĵ磬˻
ǺԪҶ㣬ϣҶ֮ʦֵܣϴ˶ʮöƣһ
ݶ飬Ϊ֪ҶҲ磬ַֻһ˻ЩԽܣŭ
ڰ˳ɣ
ĺԪļܸһ˲أŶ档
ӳǼʮ֮⣬ȥһٶˣ˴
ַ֮ӳҲ֣Ĵң϶бֶΣ˹ؼʱ̣һʹ
˺Ԫ֮⣬󲿷ֶ¶ֻı飬Ҷ˾ԵУˣܶ˶¶ĵӡ
ȻܶԴ˵£ֻҪҶˣһжֵˡ
ҲţҶʦܲôٴˣܰȫ߳һҲ⡣
ԪһҶһ¡
޽񻹵üϵѰĹѾرˣҲֻ÷ֿرЩ䵥ţ뿪
˺ڣӶԽԽң˰ȻĽ׶ΣһЩͬŻѣʼ׷׽ӣγһСˣרӶЩ䵥ߡ
һǧˣѾٶˣʣ°˰˿֧ţҶ֮Ҳܿ챻
ʵ磬˵ţԶᱻ֪Ҳ꣬߼죬ȶȾͻήֳͣŵĶ֮С
Ҷ㣬Ȼ˶ٶ޽ǳֻ֮࣬Ҫʵܻȡˣӳʵ
һƬҶ·޾ĺڰ֮УܿκζһƬۣ֮ҲС
˻û
ҶԼһԼʹ˵Լû

ƯڵĿռ䣬Ҳ֪ȥãҶŸоԼһ³
ԽԽ죬ٵ䣬ȫԼƣ·ܵ޾ĵ֮С

һǿҶߴХ
ˣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷƺ˵ϸһʧˡ
ѵǻþ
Ҷ㲻֪ΪоԼ쵽ˡ


1441 ˻ʱ
ͻȻֹͣ½о˫أħ嵱УҶҲܾ
Ǿħȵң
Ҷŷ֣ԼܻȫΪħӹһ٣ܣҶ㻹̾Ϣһ
Ϊοǵ磿
ЩưܵĽ·˼ʮ꣬û֮⣬ʵһֻǽưܲûһ˿
·΢һЩͻȻ
֮ϣһƬûǳҲû£ƫƫȻߣ谭Ҷߡ
֮֮Ҷ̬ǱȽϺõģȻ취ҳԭ뿪طص֮ϡ
ƾɵʯ棬ĽڷҶȫûмʽ֣ÿûݶҽķ״
ֵĽҶﶼëȫûκͷ
ϰףֽ𣿡
Ľ׼ʶ㣬ҲܿһЩߣҲ˳Щǽûݶ¶һɻ֮ɫ

һ仰ҶҲ֪ʲôĽˡ
Ҫ֪ʲô
ҶһۣǰߣЩǽһ͵Ҷߴ΢磬ɸһЩԭżʮĽһ
ĽЩϤƺ벻
ĽԴ϶ĳطֻǼǲˣʱ̫£˭ܼǵüǰ顣
ںú롣
ĽǰҶ˾Ҳҵȥ
벻ˣֻǴҴһƳѾһɶ
Ľҡҡͷȷʵ벻ˡ
֮׷׻Ϊʧ֮Уֻʯ棬йҶһˡ

֪ӺδһٻҶͻȻһеëȻӺζ
ѵй
Ҷһ£ƽԼ飬ټĵ磬ԼĽ֮⣬ﲻëǼٵġ
ϰף𣿡
ҶĴҪԴĽʵ
ʲô
ĽһͷˮѹûʲôҪ￴Щ
ˣûˡ
ҶϸȥʧһƬžĿ£·һһ
Сӣǲˡ
ĽʶҶ㣬Ҷǲˡ
ܳղŵȷ֡
Ҷʮֿ϶Լ־ǿ󣬾ֻܳþ

Ҷ㻰һ䣬ֳˣһҶУٵǣֿһɫĳ
ϰףûС
ҶЩţÿοٲİɫջһһ㼦Ƥ
ңҿʲôû
ҶӣĽҲҶ㲻ڿЦѵй֣ĽҲһ¡
ǻˣ
ҶԴҲǻþʱ̫ˣ³ֻ

ֳˣҶҪˣСŮŮʮģһҶԴӦǰ
ģӲˣǹ֣ҲҪ㾾
ҶͻȻ٣ǰٵĸȥҪһ龿˭ڸ
һ·֮Щǽ׷׵ܲסͻȻʵЩѷ绯ֻҪ֣ͻ˲ʧ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬Ҷ㿴˲˼һĻ˳ԭأͳϴ󣬷·һѼ
⡭ʲô
Ҷͣԭأ˵Ľ׶¶֮ɫҶϣɫҰס
һıʷ·ܹᴩأʸɸ¥쵽޾ĺڰ֮Уһߡ
ѵַ˵˻ʱʣ
Ҷɵɵվԭأôһȷʵûмƾʷ棬ǧֻ֮Ǳʷľ룬бʸˣ쵽֮ϡ
ժժ
ˣƺҶ㣬ƫƫҶ޷ջʸϿȥһöɫķڱʸ档

Ҷ㷢һﾹȻôܡ
Ǻܿ죬Ҷ飬ԼӦͬΪڱʸ޷Ӧ
ķܽӽǳҶȫԼ档
Сӣп˻ʱʣֻ˻ʱʣ̻ܿڽӽشķġ
ĽҲЩģˣĽ׵ȻΨ˻ʱʣп̻ܿ˽ӽ·
ʹõҲôѵôһʿ̻
Ҷ㳹ˣҪôһ˻ʱʿ̻ǵöķֽҶ㲻
Сӣ㻹ԥʲôҪ˻ʱʣͷˣԺ̻Ժ˭㣬ֱӿ̻öը
ĵĻĽףҶʵԽǿ󣬽ɽļҲԽԽ
ͷ˭ֻ࣬ǿıܻĸԶ
ôȡ
Ҷͷˣȥ⣬˵ȡ˻ʱˣ˻ʱôһٸҶҲ޷ϱⲻǿЦʲô
Ľ̯̯֣Ҳ֪ȡֻǾãôõıȡǱ
ժժ
ҶҶժ˻ʱö
ӺζҶ˵·Ҳ·ңԶʣ˵
Сӣôˣ
Ҷ˼ĽҶ㣬Ϊδ֮һֱ߶߶ⲻҶķ
ûôҾǸоﲻѰŪãǶڴˡ
ҶĳСһԼĽףǴ֮״Ҳ˵ÿһӰԼˡ
ҲһãҲһͿѡˡ
֪ҪҲҪһѣ˻ʱ˵Ҳڵܣ˻ʱ֮С
ĽҶ㣬Ҳ˻ʱʾǳڵĹؼڣЩƵĽ֮⣬ֻֻ˻ʱˡ
˵ĲǸǻǻ㲻˸ˣҲ޷ı䡣
Ҷ˵ͷΪĽ˵еҪͷѾˣֻӲͷƤǰߡ
ʹ֮ҶһöһϷɣöֵķƯ˻ʱ϶ˣ֮ߣӭȻа׳С
ôķ
Ҷ㰵ľԼ̻ҲƴСôķǵһο顣
һθߣ˻ʱʷУ˻ʱ֮ϣ̻·飬Щ·ҶȫⷶΧ
Ľ׵⣬ƣ͸˵ҶˣֻܼԺܲ·ԼƳ
һʱʱ䣬Ҷڿ˷ڣ·ҶĲ࣬ȷֻһЩϸСĵطЩ
ģµҲ޷ģ³ϣ
Ҷ˵ͷ̻ܿķԳأǸȣס
ܽö򣬶ҵһĪİ
Ҷ˵ֳ꣬˺ȥҶ˺µһ̣綼ˡ


1442 ʥ
ž޴ķҶԥһ£ֽ֮ժ¡
ǱȻ·ʮֻǴڻ꺣֮УҶ޷ϸϸ
öͬȴӽһ
ժµһ̣·綼ˣŵҶæ
˻ʱһСʧȥ˷˻ʱۿɼٶȣղŻ֮ߣת֮䣬ͱɰ֮ߡ
һûмƣ֮˻ʱֻмɴСҶֱȡˡ
˻ʱСһ˲䣬濪ʼζ˻ʱʷ棬ҶëȻİ׷ֳˡ
һγҲûʧҶĶŰɫʲô
ˣĶû뵽гһҲհɡ
׷ԽԽһӵðҶһˣѵԼǻˣ
ҶɵҲô£˻ʱʹѹʲôǿаħΪԼժ˷˻ʱСаħͷ˳
ںѾûˣֻվԭأɵɵĿŰ׷ԽԽ࣬·͸ƬգҶûм仹˳㷢
ɫͷ޷ԶڿذڶһɫӰˣźܶʧȥ˻ʱʵѹЩѾסˡ
ǧ׷һƺգ˻ʱδģɣ˼ĪʲЦʺδ
ŮӣҶ뵽˺ܶ࣬סŮӺϢҶκŮ˶Ҫ·֮ĳ
ϧҶͬЫһ׵أ׵Ķ꣬׵ʧԡ
رǧ׷ÿһ趯·ضڱ仯ֶǵҶʼ
׷һ̣ȻɢڵϣŮתĿҶ㣬֮У̫Ĳɣ
Ҷȫ֪Ůӵ˻аħ
ʲôˣ
ҶȿΪһȣ˿֪ԼѾ
С޶ڸ˵𣿡
˻ʱʵѹ֮£Ůûƶ壬ͻȻ¶һЩЦݣһЦǿݹǽڡ
Ůŵ棬ԵǣΪ֮ݱǿݹǵ
֮⣬һ˭
Ҷ㾡ƽϢԼȥŮӵԼԻҪ
ҶûбԼòӰ죬ŮҲ΢΢¶֮ɫ
֮УĴ۶޷ֵԼɫһֻ϶࣬ȻûжҡԣȷЩ֡
ʵ㼸ǰǧ֮һҲǷֵܵ
С޶ʥ磬ôܽ
ŮûлشҶ˭ǳҶ㷴ʵﾹȻʥ磬ʥʲôط
Сӣˣȷʥ磬ʥǿĽ磬۴䣬ʥʥŮҲѹѵŮʥʥŮ
ʥ֣Ľ׼·𱻻ˣæʶҶ㡣
е˼СС龹Ȼ֪ҵ
Ľ׸Ҷ㰵дŮӾȻ׵ĶȫûκܿԣҶǽ
ʵѳأȫܰճ֮ˣʶҲ޷ʶơ
ʥ壡
ϴΪ˵õƬҶʥ壬սҶҲʥ壬û뵽ռʥλߵʥŮ
ҪǣԼʥ֮УǵʥǿĽ磬ҶʶЩʥȣ֪߳ٱ
˻ʱʻСÿСһ֣ŮӻķΧռ䶼ԽԽҶܵģһˣ϶ԼһʥҶ̹ˡ
ССͣȻ֪ʥ壬㲻򵥰ܽʥ磬ǳҵˣ˲ߵģǵһˡ
Ů̾ϢһʥƺЩİˣ꣬κˣ䳾¡
ǰðǰңβ뿪
Ҷܿı̬ȣʥ飬֪̫࣬ǰֻ֪뿪
뿪
ҶҪ뿪Ů¶һ˿ĵЦݣҶһݣѵŹԼ
ƾղ˼һͶԼĽ׵ĶԻҶ㲻󣬴Ůʵ˺ֵز
Ȼʥ磬ȻԵԺߵһͯӰɡ
Ů˵ķƵһ޽㷢ֵַӣƻˣͳŮӵǰֱӴӦ
ƫƫҶ㣬ȻͲ˿֮ģԷԽȻҶ㷴ԽСġ
Ҷ㣬ŮΣգϵͷŻȶҶԪ񣬲䶯ҡ
ԼһδεʩչҶ޶ԣŮ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
лǰĺ⣬ֻ뿪ǰȫ
Ҷ˵꣬һŮӣ֮ޱϲ֮ϣ֪˼ʲô
ʮʱ䣬ŮӲŵԴҶ㿴˹
֪ǧ꣬ǵһܾҵˡ
Ů˵꣬ɢһϢҶоȫë׶סˣȻ޷ʲôԷƾһ񣬾ͿԼ塣
Ǹеˡ
Ȼ屻סˣҶ㻹һνӣѾԼܿƵˡ
֪ܾʥŮ³ʲô
ŮӳԼʥߵλʥŮʥҪĤݡ
֪Ҳ֪ҪɱҪϤ㡣
ҶںҲûˣժµö֮һжˣƺظֶڷ仯ȻҶû뿪磬ĸܵı仯
о֮ҿԸһʹ졣
ʥŮͻȻָһ㣬׼ɱҶ㡣
ڴʱ˻ʱͻȻһ⣬ӱʷ͸ٴѹ¡
Ѿʧȥ˷κҡ
˻ʱʷڱҶ㣬ʥŮ¶һ˿ɷָһ㣬˻ʱʺָȥ
ͣ
ûʲôаҶ㿴·˽档
˻ʱɢĽһţʷٴСֻм֮ңƺÿһС˻ʱʵںľ
˻ʱɢĽ䵽ʥŮϵʱʥŮƺʮܣЩŤ
۶ˣССһ˻ʱʣסҡ
ʥŮ¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫָٴһ㣬˻ʱʡ
ÿһι˻ʱʾͻɢһ⣬·Ҳᰵһ֣Ҷ㿴ǵսľһοһ֧ʾȻԼ֡
ʷ絶ÿһ£·׵˺ѿռ䣬
֣Ҷûпʲôߣܿ־ĶǵɱҲԼڿĳһ죬ҲܲĴ֮
ͣ
˻ʱһ£˻ʱʵĴСֻһ׳ˣڼٵĺľ
ûǷ
Ҷ뵽˷˻ʱˣʥŮԲŹԼҪȥҲٴνʥŮѹ
ҶæԼȡķ˳׼˻ʱ֮ϡ
ȻҶҪϷʥŮһ˿ɭɱ
˵ղŶҶֻǶɱһնɱҶ㣬ʱʥŮĶɱ⣬ɱҶ㡣


1443 շ˻ʱ
ղҶо֮ʥŮֻҪɱҶ㣬ȴûĶ֣ȻҶһʬ塣
ǿҶó׼˻ʱ֮ϣʥŮĶɱֳɱ⣬Ҷ䡣
Ҷ˿֪ԼԵһӴʥŮ֮ϣʥŮΪ֮㤡
ʥ壬һֱĸ󻼣ˣʥҪһͳǧ磬ΪʧȥʥŮǿʥ磬ʥһǧɡ
һʥŮع飬룬ʥһ
ǰĴػʥһδιĴۻ⣬Ĵʧ֮ţһʥϮεֵ
ЩҶʶڵľ磬ǵ飬ЩǴĽ׿֪
ʥ磬ǻʥ徫ӢĴ֣ʥ۸Ǽ˻ʱʣѹʥŮӴŵԴϢϢڵɽ磬Ҳޱȷ
Ҷֳַ˻ʱʷ˹ȥΪʥŮס޷ԸҶ㣬͸Ҷڳᡣ
һ˻ʱ֮ϣпٴνʥŮѹҶҲǰް취ֻðһԡ
ҶԽԽʥŮɫ¶һ˿ȻͻȻһһԼѣȻ
ã
Ҷ㰵һãʥŮʧȥƣ϶һɱԼҶһ䣬˻ʱʳ˹ȥ

ʥŮͻȻһȣΪҲ֪һ˻ʱ棬᲻ٴμ˻ʱʣܽΣʥŮҶᡣ
һǿĹĻ֣Ҷֶ£ֶΣ죬εĹĻ֪Ҫʥǿٱ
ҶоԽԽû˽ŵζ
ӣ
Ļ£ҶЦһǶ㲻ʥŮɱվ·һ
ֳصȻ£޾ķ֮Ҷδδţȫ⣬ʲô
ҶһߵʱҶķͻȻɢһ⣬ƺһ㡣
˻ʱķȻԼҶ㣬Щ˼飬ҶܿףڰԼ
һҶɢ֮Ҷ㣬ܵ˺
ܵҶĽ⣬ʥŮ¶һ˿֮ɫƺʮ־⡣
ô
ʥŮ˻Ҳ֮Ť˻ʱķҶ㱣
ûзƾ˻ʱʸ޷ѹԼڿʥŮǱмɱ⡣
ͻȻ֮䣡
ʥŮ쳤Хǧ׷쵽޾գԵɲȻЫĳ
˻ʱʿ̻ӽķѹʥŮһ˲佫ʥŮѹڵ£ܷ
СӣҼסˣ㾭ҲҪնɱ
ʥŮͻȻޱΨܿΨܶԸʥ壬ΨŻɵ
ΣʥŮҶϣһҪҶ֡
ϣȫѿ˻ʱʵһʧʥŮȻһϲϵķ
Ȼˣĺỹڣһȥĺնɱĸɸɾʹġ
ʥŮܿʧȻҶ߻ص˺ѷεĺ⣬·˺졣
ҶֻĿʥŮһʧ¶һ˿ЦȻ֪䣬ǿʥߵ˶档
һʥǿʥŮʥ塣
ʥŮع飬϶ʥ壬һȷѪ꣬˻ΪԼʥ֮£ҶЩ
Сӣ㲻ҲʹȻʥŮع飬ûм꣬Ҳָȫʢʱڣǻлᣬûлָ׳ԼֻԼǿˣܵһС
ҶЩ֮ɫĽο
˵ûֻǿ󣬲ŲηκвʥΣһ죬Ҳ̤ƽʥ塣
Ҷֻ̬ܿʵϵıǿȻĴ۶ܻʥ磬Լһԡ
һɺҶɢػĽɫâһʧ˻ʱķΪҽΪ˱Ҷ㣬ʧ
ϧˣ
ԼߵķɻңҶһʹϧ֮ɫۿ̻ķ㹻Լ򼸰꣬ΪΪ˱Լľ

ͻȻ˻ʱʵڵϣһöıʴСʵ޹⣬էһۿȥͨıûʲô
ֽ˻ʱʼҶϸϸȥֳǰʸ棬̻֣˻ʱ֡
ڱʸϵ·ͱñͷ˿ϸһǧҶ޷򣬳ٴμ˻ʱʣ󣬲пܲơ
ǺöԺʹð
˻ʱʣҶЦһǸѹ֣˻ʱʣܲһ֧ʸֽսɡ
ˣ̻
ҶóһŷֽϻһЩϣ˻ʱԣ̻ܲܿ
˻ʱڷֽ֮ϣֵˣֽ˲ȼ޷˻ʱʵıʷ档
ȻҶ޷͵ǣԼ޷˻ʱʣ̻·
ô£
Ҷһͷˮ㲻ףΪԼ޷˻ʱʣֽö˵˻ʱһ£ͻữΪҽ
Ҷ˺üΣ޷ɹ̻ˣȻԼ˻ʱʣҲ̻ɹ
СӣںľҲǷ綥ڣͨķֽ޷˻ʱʵҪ󡣡
Ҷ㲻ģһδ飬Ľʱѵ
ûҪ̻߼Ҫɽſԡ
Ҷڿ̻ȫԿ̻ҼֻǲޣҶһֱղ롣
˻ʱսָҶ㿪ʼ취γȥʥŮʧˣһڡ
ǣ
һѿʥŮʧãڵգһ˿ѷ죬·ƿǵļķ϶֩һ顣
һЩ˳ѷ͸Ҷƺŵ硣
ˣһ磬ȫǶģԼ˽֮УʥŮǿд˽ڣ½ܲסƬҪˡ
ҶͨеʯӦþͨڣ޻ء
ܾȳʥŮ޷򿪣ҶҲһӱڴˡ
뵽˴ҶҲȻˣôΪκ鶼ȷġ
뿪ˣ
һν磬ҶԭΪԼɣ˭֪һ壬õ˻ʱʣʥߵʥͳߡ
չʹ֮ϲϵķȥԽԽߣѷҲ𽥱󣬴ϵܶƬһУҶ㻹ǻᱻ
Сӣ죬Ƭܲסˡ
ƬԽԽ࣬綼Ҫ𣬲ϵĴߴҶ㡣
һ飬˻ǶữΪʧؼ䣬˵Ҷ㣬Ҳ
ʹ֮ϵȶ˼£ִĿ⣬Ѿ䵽Ҷϡ
ҲһҪȥ
ѷ촦öռƬգ赲Ҷȥĵ·


1444 ؼ
öƬСҲСзңҪҶǵñҳ⽴ɡ
Ŀռ侧ޱȼ̣ÿһö׹ҵĺХ

ƬҶƬ֮УصĴЩƬ壬ÿһζڸܡ
ͣ
һöƬҶĸ첲͵һһ˿ѪĵʹҶͶˡ
ûʱ䴦˿ڣʹ֮ҲѪܣܶطƬУѪ˳ſռȥ
֮˼£Ҷ㻹ڲϵսڳٳߡ
Ҷͷһ̣һڴղԼվĵطѾʧһƬ硣
ѵٶԽԽ죬쵽Ҷ˫Ŵһʱ䣬ʥ磬ʧ

ż磬Ԫȫעʹ֮ʱ䣬ʹ֮һ⣬Ȼﵽ˹١
ಣ
һĿĹâͶ·ȹ꣬ǿ֮ҪҶʥ֮С
ɽХĿ죬ȥĸ졣
Ҷ˫۵ʱվһϣ磬ϣʧ
գ
ԪɢȥҶҪɢһ㣬ϽóɾԼɵָԼںδҪơ
һööɾըΪ뵽֮УɿݵĵԼٶڻָ
ɵƣҶҲʮʱ䣬͵õֹжٶֲֿ򣬽Ҷʮǿ
ƺõĲˣҶŴܣѵ޽磿
ʶһ̽ԶӰܶҶжϣԼ޽硣
ƽʥ磬Ψһھ޽ʯף֮УԼ룬ʥѾˡ
Ҳ֪ˣҪʲС
ʥ֮УûʱҶҲȹ˶ãһƬ㲻ʱ䡣
һΣҶʧԭأ˵ĵطȥ
ԶԶȥƺΧһˣһ֮ǿҲ˵֣ܿͱķѣʮߡ
Ѫȵĳ棬ҶҡҡͷΪɽһʲô¡˵ߣȫ֮Ժ
ЩνţҲ¶ʵһ棬Ҳªһ档
ˣ׼Ҷʱ򣬶Ǽ˹һ
Ҷ㣬㲻𣿡
˴󾪣ʼַ׿֤ʵҶѾˣϢ޽ӣ˲֪
Ҷĳǰβ𾪣
ȿȡ˼ʧˡ
ҶɿȼӦܲ³ַ뿪磬϶ΪҶɣ˭֪˻ʱʣʥʥŮ
Ҷ㣬Ҳǹ㡣
˻ǲţΪҶѾˣǹ̬
ãǷǵΪҲҪֻҪң޽翪ˡ
Ҷøǆ£ԼĿģ֪޽翪ˣ뷨Ҷȥ£Ҳý͡
˺ܿ춨Ҷûжǳֵ˼ʼɣҶģǹ꣬ǣҶû
޽Ѿһˣ죬Ǿۼʥ̶ӣʮ죬ǰʮ
һ˳֪Ѿȥһ֮ãҶ¾ˣϢѾ˵
ʱһ£ҶͻȻð˭Ҳ޷ܣǿǵ磬Ѿ񣬾Ҷ˫ᣬҲ޷ɳ
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֪ԼҪĽҶ㱧һȭʧԭأʥ̶ȥ
ֻ벻ʥȹһ֮á֮ʱ䷨򣬾Ȼô
ʱ䣬Ҷϣռٶܿ
Ҷʧ͸أ˴˿һۣ֮Уǳ֮ɫ
ٶֻĴҵ˲ܴﵽɣܻܵһǾˡ
ЩţҶжٶգҶ֮ʢﵽ۷塣
ϻˣҶûϢһҪɢȥ
һ˵ܿ뿪ɢϢȥˡ
Ҷһ·֮ϣ˺̶ܶǶѨ˳ػֱһȭɡ
ڷӣҪӽˣʮʱ䣬ҲԽԽܶһţ׷׸ʥ̶
ֻеõһʸμʥ̶Ľ𣬾ǰʮ
Ҷ㸴ϢҲһը޽ը죬һһȥܿ촫˶
һ£ˣǻˣ޺˫ۣһֱţҶˡ
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Ҳһٶʵ׷ͻƵ˰ɾˣֻһ֮ң
һ֮ңס˶ˣȱɾˣȴ֮٣꣬Żᵮһ
޽棬ЩͣķнҲ׷״򿪣ͣһ£ڵȵʵʱ̣޽Ͽգ⡣
һ͸Ĺգʥ̶ӰӳˣѾȵִ
Щн֮УţǼ壬׷ѰԼһǼӣÿǧܻģĶδԼ
һҲ⣬˵Ķˣһһ׸ɾ·վڷнڣ޽磬ʥ̶۵ס
ޱ¥նս̣Ժȵȣӷн֮߳
죬һһ¹ȥˣ֪ôˡ
һ£Ҳʮּ尾ЩţǺķ˼꣬ʮԴ
ô䣬ŻǼ壬һĪʧ
رһ죬ҵŻһöƣͽȥžôˣǲᡣ
һƧԭҰҶ㱻סˣڶ࣬ʮˣһɫɾ֣֪ҶŻٴγΪʸ֮ġ
Ҷ㣬㲻
Ҷ۾죬Ҫᣬֻһ죬ڲܴһ͸ʥ̶ʧ֮ۡ
һҶޱ飬ϺȻȲҲŭƺѾϰˡ
Ȼûнɾʵͻ֮ǰֹٱѾͬն
һϣɱħͷ
˷ŭлЩڵ緢ĵߣûҳ֣һź͡
һγɣ޷ǻΪһԣԼѰ֮·
ûɱ
˶׳˶Ҳôһ֣Ǿ춯أǿѹ֮Ҷݺݵѹ¡
Щ˾Ի᲻һеĴնɱҶ㣬ΪҥԣҶڵ磬õǿ˷ĹǴΧɱҶĿġ
ֻǸѣҪҲҪһá
Щ˵ļҶҲƣҲͣȻҪսսס


1445 ɱɱɱ
ʮһԺ죬ܿռڴѿܲסʮ˵һ
˶Ҫη֣һš
񣬳ɣɱһѪ·
޳ͬѪ٣Ѫ⼤䣬ɱɨĽһЩţ׷ױնϣ˭뵽Ҷϻ
ɱ¾֮Ѫϯ糱ɱ¾־ʩչ˼£ѹ¶ԶԶһ
̶һʱ䣬˺üѪٲ㣬ϵ䡣
ͷͷҲ̫ɲˣҶʧһʱ䣬ʵȻ뺷̶ֳȡ
һʱ䣬ңδκε谭һ·ɱٲȻһֺɨϣɱ˷ƣǿķǳס
໹δǰţԶ׷ֹѵһĭԥһ£ǲǸ÷Ҷ׷ɱɶ˻𣬱Ҷ㷴ɱ
ˣǻлͷ
һʱ֮䣬ҶΧ׾룬һƬյشû˸ǰ
һǿ˲١
Щڵţŵֱ£ÿһҶ㣬һνһܳ
Ȼǲ֣ҾͲˣ
Ҷɱ⣬ɱ¾ֱ֮ʩչдӡȵȵ
ֵתǧҶϣ
ǿҵĳÿһ˵񾭣ľˣⲻˣȫʩչ
߱ʽõ˾ķӣɾﵽصļޣȫܷԼǰʽԼƵն
һʼǾʹˣף͹Ҷʵ
ֻ
Ҷ㲻κεĻᣬдӡҲܿ⣬˶һƿ֮Ҳֵܵ
ΨֻʴӣʲôȻһֻ֮ţ·ֱ
ҶڲֻУһУĽļţֱӱֻ֮š

ǼҽУʧֻ֮Ÿɵˡ
˵ŻҶֻذԽԽӵŻ֮У޾ֻ֮ϵҶ㣬Ĵ
һ̣·ûκ赲Ҷ㣬˵ǣɱɱ
˭赲ûеڶ·ѡ
һΪĵʯҶߵĸߣʢ
ҿóɱﵣԥˣһɱħͷ
Χжʮһֱ֣ڵ緢ĵЩˣ˿ԥˣһ֣Υԣпֱӽ׽٣֮
ϧΧɱҶʮ˲ڵ·飬ô˵ĳûԸˡ
ʮһۣӱ˴˵֮УŨŨļɵ֮ɫһ˿֮⡣

ûκԥûвսֱӳ˳ȥˣһӶڼҶ㡣
գۼĹӵһɶֻʣ»ʮˣڿ֧š
ʮˣȻܺҶ񣬳漫ңӴǿЩŹϣҲɲʵԵ˺
Ҷħűﵽ˵֮Ҳﵽ۷壬ٽһˣԪϺˮԴԴϵ͡
֮УЩѨʼչֳÿһλ裬Ѩ֮еԪǱĶӿ
սҶȻΪΣѵҪԴС
رҶֻĿ֮оȻȵĻ棬Ƭȼգ֮
ʱҶٴһʮָðɲɱ¾֮ˣǴɱ¾ܸǷԲס
ʮָɣҶڲһЩʮָİ壬ʮָסˣָ׵ķ̶Ȳһиһ˵Դͷ
񷱻ѪȾ죬޾¾ڴݣɱ
ʮָߣһθϵħ¾飬ѪȾ񷡣
һʣΪֹðٸǰ˵ͷܣ̻ɥ֮Ȯֻ޵ȡ
ϾҶԴٶ࣬Ҳȥ
ս˲䳯ҶкǺˣսҲĿʼɢܣǼ˴ҷ֮ġ
꣡
ָͻȻһӵ棬һ˺ķѣ˺ˡ
ҵĻ棬˹Ĺʱ̳˵顣
޷Ҷ㣬һͻһЩʩչĵ⣬ҶʩչǧȣԶв
ɱ¾֮ɱ¾ɱԽԽŨҶ֮У޾ʬɽѪ
һħھѣǻҶеħЩ֮Уħ壬иɵŵӣһ𣬾ҪնɱҶ㡣
βŭħʱʱ̿ҪԼأһθɳ˰ʮˣʮ֮Уħռʮˡ
ҶҪնɱǣħʵͻήͣΧɱԼôףһл˻ϣҶҲþκˡ
ϣ⣬Ѫ۳ɺӣжʮˣڿ֧ţΪҶɱʩչĲˣֻҪȥЩԼ
һ뵽ԭߵˣߵͷ׼ڲһΣһӮˣһ̤Ͻ
ЩԭЩ׾ģҲٲ˽׷׼ǿ似Ҷ㲻ϵк
ʱ䣬ܴҵײͬһսڻصѿɽɿݣľ
ֿɸս³죬Ⱥŭٴγɱ·Ҷ㼴ȥЩֿɵá
ΪΪʳ仰ȻԣԹ񶼵˲Ƶĺ׼
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
Ҷһ˵ɱ֣羪Ǳ죬񱩵һִջһƬƬ۳֣Ҷģڷű仯
һ̣˲ٴݣҶ㾹ȻѪôܣӼ˴ҶҶɱľġ
ֶһɱҶɣѪ̳ѪͳѪѪ֮ס
ҼӰѾǺҲҪҪӲƴ
Ҷ㻯ӦԪ㣬׼Ҷ㣬Ԫܻпݽߵʱ򣬵ʱһӵϣҶϷ֡
һҶûκα飬𽥱仯ĸ첲۰˫֮ϣðһƬƬۡ
ӿɲϢҶ𣬷·ƬҲܲסҶˡ
ƽԭһ࣬Ѿۼˣע⵽ߵսԭҪҶɱķ֮󣬷׷פ㲻ǰ
ʮ˶޷նɱҶ㣬ȥˣҲǰװЩǺ֮
ôģ׷׾ۼԶܾˣһȥϷԴӶ
Ҷһˣ֮ͬУسײʵٴһ
¡¡
ڱ򴩣ܲסҶӽɽ磬ȻҶһ
ɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
սȻڼѪ⼤䣬ϼⷭҳ̶ȣжײɱѣضɽҡͬɽɲ֮


1446 ֧Ԯ
ҶֱײѪ䣬ʮָÿһιй֮ոһһ
ѪȾȾĳħ񣬽̤Ǭǳָ֮ҡ
Ƿʮָ˺ѣ˵һ˵ҶĽ£Ĳҽ
֫ϱһ䣬ѪȾ֮ϣ͸Ȫ
ǰ㳡һ㣡
һ飬һץѣһֵƳһڲҺбնɱΪ֫ϱۡ
˺ȻǣʱһţҶƲûм˫Ȼ˥ڽԽսԽ£·֪ƣսˡ
ôܣ
ԶսЩ˷׷¶֮ɫ
ôΧˣ۵ĸɿҶȻûһ˿Ԫ˵ļ
սԪûĹôĹ̥
Щ޷ܣҶս˵󣬿Ĵҵŵӣ޷ɡ
ŵϴ󣬳ٳٲϣһزľˣ׽ԭء
˶һ£ҺøղûгȥȻĽ
Щˣ˳ֱӼӳֵҶ֮ϡ
һķڰҶ㣬Ҳľ磬ķ򣬾ԽԽߣʼɾչ
ͬţྐྵȻ֮󣬴ĳǵ˼ά
ǾţϹʱڵĸ֣ǿҲɿݣΧ
еսǿһҶû̷κΰָԪĵҩԼлԪԼֹĵ
һɳֵز𣿡
ʶҶ㣬ʶҶʱ߽ٵɣٵɣҲᳬ˽ٵɡ
ʱգҶȣǾһһ޷׷ҶĲ뵱꣬ǵľ߳Ҷ̫࣬һ֪Լȥˡ
˱ˣˣǴҴ˿뷨
ҶǱĿ⣬һ˿飬ʮָ趯ΪǣĴֻ޵С
֮⣡
ǿ׵֮ˣͬһ׳׵磬趯һƣһ屻ɨС
꣡
ڣ
ԽԽ٣һʱȥˣԭʮˣֻʣʮˣҶҲȾѪԼģҲˡ
һģΪһֻεĴ֣дӡ沼ģʵһ㣬ɢȹâһƳ˹һŮȹȥ
ž
ŮӵɳȥԴڲתȦųʱԴǳģӻûϣĿ
ԶΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ħ壬ǽĿģնɱҶ㣬
ûκԥЩħ׷׳˹ս֮Уٴֳղɱֻʣʮˣת֮䣬ʮˡ
ħʮˣʮħ壬ʼһۼ
ҶѹٴμӴȻԪҲܲס˵ĳսȥ綼ᱻ
ͫӰ
Խ࣬Ҳۼһ𣬶ҸҶľԽԽһδΣҶ㶼üβǵ
Ӱֵһ̣ͻȻһ磬˭Ҳʲô飬ֻоԼϵѪһ
ҵĸ첲
ҵȣ
ҵ

ǲҽӰɢˣ絥ɨһˣҲܵصĴˣܶ˸첲ˣֻʣһɭɭ׹ǣҲ̶á
ԶЩŮӣҵĻ棬׷׶ĵ³ˮ

Ȼ֮䣬ԶַɱһȺˣǻǣ֪Ҷ㱻ҹͣĸ·˶ͻˣ֧ԮҶ㡣
һϢʮֻ񣬿޽磬ջķᣬرǴ󹷣ÿһǰ涼Żζ·һɽƶ
Ҳˮ֮Ԫأ֮һƬ󺣣͵һϵٶʩչ˼¡
񣬴һ޴ĻȺ֮Уʱ䣬ɢ档
ɳ似ˮ׵֮׷չ¶ԶһжĽɫ
ʱ䣬кԪĴԼҲ׷׸ϵ뵽ս֮УҶѹԽԽС
ʮѹҶһ˾ܿʮˣڶʮˣս˲䷢˾ת
Ҷ㣬Ҳ㣡
˳ˣȻɣľߣ¥ߣߣжߣҲ뵽սš
ҶԽԽ࣬˭뵽飬ҶҲѣҲˣʵǳ
ڼԽԽ࣬һηڿǽʮˣܶܽɵõҶ͵ơ
ηҲʧأʮˣֻʣʮˣʮȫ䡣
θʮˣս֮УһӽƽˣҶڳᣬֱײɱذ
ԸһˣҶ㼸ɱٶȣһȥһʻ
ЩҶûżȡüսŵȡ
ҶҪӽˣѾҪղżЩ࣬˻˻֮⣬󲿷ֶʮ
¼˺ܿϵһҶ㣬ʼնɱ֡
ȫˣҶռݾƣյʱ䣬ʮˣħһһ١
ħ岻ηħֱӼսţһ֮⣬ħҲֻʣʮˡ
ЩħľӢˣԭԸҶһӣ˭֪ðôˣħҪ߶ˣֻս
һֱɽ۵ĽƣսڽѾٲȱʬ塣
Ů󲿷ֶӣŮΪνıԼɱҶĿģͳͳ
ħ࣬ʮˣиŵĵӣҲжʮˣһٶˣȫҶ
ɫЩθһնɱôţҲ̫ĳ
ľ߻¥ߣһƬҰףղŲ֪ΪʲôҪҶ㡣
ѡǶԵģÿ˵˺üвͻƵһ
Ȼܲμʥ̶ЩҲٽһѾͻƵ˰ɾصֻҪͺˣҲĳһ죬ܲ򾳽磬ɾˡ
Ҷ㣬ĸûлᣬҶǵĸ
ҿʼʮʹ죬һֱĵûˬʱ䣬ΪҾۼһ
գ㳩죬նɱһٶɾκһţһζòôࡣ
һϵѪȥóˮϴһҶָԭӡ
лҳҶĳм
Ҷ㳯˱һȭʾлǰæҶܻܲ뿪˵
Ҷʦܣ֮仹ʲôҾ֪㲻
ԪӵһҶ㣬˵Ҷˣ˲ᡣ
ɽ崦ַһջĿ⣬֮У̫Ķ˵壬ܿʧԭء


1447 ʥ̶
ĴҶ˸ϵû˳֣Ҳûֹ
ַĻҵȻţһ֮ǰ֤Ҷ
һ֮ҶǿƳ֣ˣնɱһٶţһǺݺݵĶ⣬ַϡ
֣ҲûҶǰֱ֣Ӹʥ̶ȴһξ
һ߰ʮˣƺƵĳʥ̶ҶΪģ˺¼壬ڣ˽ʮˣֻʮ˴
󲿷ֶɱϾǵʵȣܶࡣ
ܻʮˣҶʮˣʮˣԺǾ˵Ķ
Ŀ⣬עʥ̶θ˶ǧңԴԴϵ˸ϹҪһ޽ʢ
ڹ涨ʱ֮ڣҶҲ׷׸ʥ̶ｨ⣬мشȪ״һɹɱˮ
ʥ̶һһ޴ƽ̨㳡ӦǾ֮ãֻдﵽţʸ̤ƽ̨ϣܽ
ЩδܴﵽģֻԶԶעӣ໥ɱӶˣֻʮŻõɽ
λðһһʮˣĴҼһʮ˲μӣռࡣ
ξҶߣ˴ﵽ˰
ʣµޱ¥Ժնս̣һЩţ¼壬˾ͽȵȣϷ
һ˵ģҲ˵ģܵõҲǾһӶ
۵ĵҶ㣬ҫ񷣬·̴ܴ棬ִɽ硣
Ҷֵһ̣޽涼ˣˣû˴ﵽ
ͶЦˣ⣬Ҷܴǰʮõһ
һ˽ɽ磬δǧ꣬ڵλһء
ַ壬ԶٰʮڵڶʮǽȻһ֮ɫҶɢŨɱ
ңƵõ˶ٶʮֻǱȽ
֣Ѿǰ漸ǸҶȣ㣬ƺ޽翪ûͻƵİ
ٶǰֹԿ˸Ž񣬿˵ǰ޹ˣߡ
ЩûеõģǴض㣬رЩõ˾ʮᣬǧѵĻᣬȻһʵȴ޷ʩչ
һЩŽٵɶʸ˲˵Ĳ֮ԵõΪҶ㡣
ж͵ˣ׷׶һһʮһкԪĴ࣬ǵʵҪǰʮЩѶȡ
ҲðһЩޱ¥橣õ˴֮ʵҲõһʮǳۡ
Ժһӣһҹ֮𣬺꣬ʵܲϲвٱ޽磬һɳ졣
նս̵ʥİˣŵħڵȪħŵԶħʣ޼ֻʣǼˡ
¼ĺһܻģв׵ı棬˾ͽ˾ͽǻҲͻȻ𣬹Ƶõ˼弫õѪϣϣܴǰʮ
ֻ˾ͽлڼ֮
ЩţҲ˺ܶ಻ţƮѩȵѩҲһŮӣ£һŮһ
̵֣·ƣŵյȵȣðĺ
Щŵ䣬һЩ紺ðʵܲȫЩɾͺܾõš
Щ˶˲٣עֻйؼʱ̣Żչ¶Լ
ĴҸö˵ҵַ壬ҵҵĽԼҵ£ܴĴҡ
һһЩӣʵţǿµĶ֣ʮǳҡ
ҶѾ˻ˣУֱӷûбҪǿҪɽ磬ⲻΨһһ·취
˵Ҷ֮ûиһΪǻȱ̫ණҪܸõĳɳ
ǱɽѡУ޿ҲԷչ˵һʧʧȥһš
һ˽ʮˣǿͣۿһεʢ
ľ߻¥ʮˣʮȽ֮뿪޽磬ܳΪ򶥼ǿߣξͻƣ
㳡ܴ󣬰վȥԵòǺӵϡϡķɢڴʱһâÿ˵ϣƺӡһ㡣
ÿ϶һ룬Ҷĺʮ˺ţǿǰҲǿ󣬻ҡ
ĹһŶӦһ룬ŶӦڶԴơ
һһһʮˣһźܿվ˳ȺԼĶ֡
ӡһһʮŵҲ˳˱˴˶ʶӦԲͬ
Ҷϸϸ֣ɽӡ֣˽࣬ûһŻ
ʮˣûһصͺ֣ɽôģѵƾÿϵϢ
ûʱȥᣬսʼˣԾڳһ޴Ŀյأ̨״ʵ࣬һٶ
˿̵޽棬ɽ˺һ죬˷׷׸ϵ֪ӣĻᡣ
֮ϣ޴ͶӰʥ̶ģȫӳʮʵ˵⽣Ӱ˿ʼ
رһΣȥһǧˣ˻صһΡ
Ҷ֮󣬲ҧгݣΪ˽޽磬ܶҵһöƣ˶棬ˮƯһ
֪ЩҶ֪θ룬᲻޽磬նɱҶ㡣
Ҷٶˣ޷ţһôģѵҶɱ˼ˣӶ˶
ֻǲ²⣬ûнһսһʱʱ䣬һŻʤһһʮʧܣϵһŰһ롣
ûκλᣬ뿪ƽ̨һǷ֮ɫ
һŵõղĵԪָܿʵҲ
һʮʱ䣬ϵĽ֣뿪Ӯ˰Էһ뿪
ܶΪ˷ֳʤǲĴ򷨣ÿһսޱȼңȱ첲뿪ƽ̨
ûҲûͬ飬ǹ˳Զʧȥ˽ɽĻᡣ
һһЩðĺȻǿ󣬼Ժɨķʽܶ֡
ʮţҶǰ棬˻ƻʱֵ֣
նս̵ĵӣʵܲǹѪʵѾȡ
γ˺֮壬סӣȡʤһʮ
һһΪۡ
ȡÿź죬ʮָˣصҶߣ˷׷ףء
ȵɫȫֵҶ㣬Ӧһˣһ֣Ϣһϣڶ
ԼĶҶ㣬߿Цһ


1448 ĪΣ
ȵɫҪʱֵҶϳֿҶ֮¶Ц֮ɫ˭ãȻɱǡ
ûκԥֱѡ䣬ȥҲǶ֣ʹʹ䣬ⶪˡ
ֵ䣬ҶֱӮõһӶԷϷɳʮҶӵʮǳĿֲ
޽һƬ⵽ô£ΪΰɾҶ㣬ѡ䣬ⲻ߼ѵҪɽĻᡣ
ղԺĵӣһ̣ԺԺԺʣ޼һˣǰʮʸһ
һıȶˣ˿ʼϢ׼ӭӵڶս̭ʮˣ뿪ƽ̨ԶϢ
ʦܣڿҫ۵ţ⣬ǰʮһһ
ߵҶǰЩĽһǰʮɽʹֱɽ֮У˶Ŭʱ䡣
ϣ˰ɣ
ҶЩĲɣղſһϹѩ˸ղȺ֮Уûб֣ȵһʱҶſˡ
ҶۿԼˣһ޽ǳ֮գղԵ磬ҲʥʥŮ˵
ʼҶ㻳Ϲѩܿ񶨣ǱڵΣգϹѩҲһУҪնɱԼôףԺδ
ʦܣߣѵʲô£
ҶЩȶƺʲô˼
˼̸ϣǸо޽翪ô򵥡
ҶһǼˣǶûףΨԼˡ
ڳˣһԼԺδѵ޽棿
Ҳܣڻк¼嶼ˣ˭ҲҵȻԸԼ
ҡҡͷȻ벻ףҶҲȥˣҾһ໥죬ԪóһЩˮһ໥ƣҲһ¡
ȵҹ˾ʱ򣬴ҶɢȥҶ㽫ж͵˽˹ΧһЩ飬ҶҪǰһķʲôԤϵ飬ҶҲˡ
ˣǹʲôԸ
˶ʶʮֹ޽磬Ǵ۽磬رҶֶΣǵ񾭡
ֲĸо޽ܷʲô飬ʲô飬ǶҪվˣ޽һ뿪ǻصˣ壬Լ
Ҷʮ֣ص˵ڽһ
ˣѵ㷢ﲻ𣿡
ˮ¶һ˿֮ɫҶÿ飬ƾоݣԲ޵ķʸ
Ҳ¶֮ɫѵҶµʲôԤʾʲôȻҶ㲻أ˸вǣѵԤ
ʱһΣǶҪúõĻȥһҪ˵ȥ𣿡
ҶͲҲԼĶˡ
˳Ĭ֪ԼʲôѣôԴУܡ
Ĭҹܿȥµһ쵽µսʼ콫ɵһ֣ʣʮ˽졣
죬һֽսһһҹпܣһ򲻵
ڶҶǿͣĴңиƵƵ֣۵ĻƮѩȵѩʵǿ󣬼ѾԵսʤ֡
һ˱Ƚۣ۲ʵôǿ󣬶ĲпԣĶֱɱˣʮֲ̣˾ͽ˾ͽǻǼشҪͷķŭ
һ۵ʵҲĶҲնֽţûɱֶһŮʩչЩëȻ
ֵܶʱ򣬽Ҷ㿴˹ֳƣ˵Ҷ㣬ڳ˶ˡ
˲ʶȻҲ巢ʲô飬Ҷ˾ԵУҲʲôϡ顣
ʦܣŮ˭Ϊδ㣬ֵһ̣û뿪㣬㲻˼ˣɡ
Ԫֵ˵Ȼ˵Ҷ˼˯ˣ˼ˡ
ԪһЦ˶̲סˣ֪Ҷߺ֪࣬ڶһҲϡ档
ȿȡ
ҶɿȼѾͲˣԼ֮У屩©ڴҵǰǷݳ裬κ˶޷ͻ
һҶǿսʤ֣ˣһսǳѣߵزѾˡ
͵ˣ˴֮⣬˶ƣһֻд󹷸ͻлᣬһƺأһ޷ϳˡ
Ҷóɵǻָƣǵ޷ҶȣҶ㣬һʱָܻ߰˰ˣһҹʱ䣬ָܻ߳ɾͺܲˡ
Ϊ콫Ӳпᣬʣʮˣʮؼʱ̡
ֻҪǰʮлǰʮھھ
ɫһʣʮһվؼʱڵˣĴҲֻʣʮˣЩʵǺǿĵӣ̭ˡ
ʣµˣﵽһʮѾͻƵٶ
һ⻪˸·ֳµĺ룬û׵ĿܣԼѡ֡
ֵǣһһϳ鵽һţƺЩʦ
ΪγʦĶ˾ͽǻʵǷǳӽˣһƴˣսʤ֣һܼѡ
Ը϶ܣҶĬĬĿϳûҲûйԼľˣߵֱǰԹ޻ڡ
ˣ
˾ͽǻҶ㣬ȻҲߵˣֻҪҶմߣ˾ͽĳˡ
ΪҶ㣬˾ͽôһǧɣһϢ
𣬱ҪһʱȻնɱҶߵˣǶõı
𣿡
û£
Ҳ֪Ҷ˾ͽһЩ飬Բ֣ȻˣǾֵ¼¡
˶Ƿڻ˾ͽ塣
˾ͽ弸ûʣˣֻ˾ͽǻлᣬ˻߲һ֡
һֽŵĻֻۣоԵʵܽǰʮǰʮʸ
׼ɣ
˾ͽǻϱһǿϢһ˲٣ʵΪնɱ֣ǰչ¶ʵҲϧ
ҲĻ㣡
ʾ֮ϣҲ˸֮Ȼˣһֻֽϻ
ĴţһǾ֮ʣΪˣһֻֽ˵
ҵĵʯΪĵһˡ
˾ͽǻ˵ָ꣬һ㣬ָ죬ɲĽʩչ˾ͽصĽ伫Ǵɽ紫ġ
ϢϢһ֣Ҷüͷһ壬ƺЩضսһΣգһԹۡ
ҲʾʩչԼ伫ȻǿһǴ˿̣Ȼ޷Լ似սʤ֡


1449 ֵ֮
˺ܿ콻սһ𣬸伫Ѥʣʵ£սķǳҡ
ϵĳӿȥһ㳱ˮϵƽʱƣϵƿʼԵ谭ķӣԭս൱ܿܿһЩ߳
ʮֵģУ˾ͽǻԲŹǵȻϣ˾ͽǻС
׼ɣ
ʼؿµĽ˱ѣѪ֪ˣֱʩչɱ춼Ƿɽ
ֿɲĽһһĽȫ˾ͽǻΪնɱǲһдۡ
Ҫɱңֽ
һȣһг˶佣һĽƿ峤ֱ룬ƿ󷨣˾ͽǻ˹ȥ
Ҫ
ҪֹѾˣܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ҪҪҲҪ˾ͽǻһ
ҪͬھˣҲᡣ
˾ͽǻȻ֪Ҫʲôгٴһ䣬´֮ϣ˽
Ȼ˴ѵ˾ͽ洫ģ
ϳ׽ޱȣ˾ͽǻõ˾ͽָ㣬ǿ˰
ܵõָ㣬ǶôҫҫҪԼ궼Ҫǿʮ
ֶΣʥһͨ似ǶǷ쳹֮ܡ
СΣˣҶʦ֣ˣҲǳһܿҶģҲһ£
˿ʼֻҶ㶼е⣬ߵˣҲһֱ
ϸ೤۽
ݴ罣ֽϿʮͨȴɱǿڸ۽һ֪˽֮С
屾ˣǿеֵ϶ƼأԽսǳѡ
ֻһ䣬ΪһǣǷŵӣڽ֮Уˮ㣬ȻˣȻ
ͣ
ܴ͵һˣϣüˡ
Ѫʱ˳Ⱦ½ȭͷģ©޾ɱ⡣
ô˾ͽǻ
ԪŭһȭݺݵĻе棬һƵĸͬһڣһɳϵá
ʧһˣ˿϶ưոݡ

ûƣʩչ˺ʱ䣬ܵǺɫ֮Щһѿ
䣡
һҵײˣֽȻͬĽ⣬Ͻ棬ײ𻨡
飡
һǿݺݵĻ壬˾κˣ嵹ɳȥǶߵķݣݺݵˤڵϡ
ۣ
һѪɫ˲ήңƸء
䣡
һУϽ䣬ֻҪˣսʹ˽Ȼ˾ͽǻһɱ
ȿȡ
ɿȼսҲͷߵϣҲ߾񣬾׵䡣
䣬ʮֽΪ˾ͽǻһɱ⣬˹
һһ˾ͽǻ¶֮ɫгɢɭĹâɱ
˵Ϊұĵһˣɣ
˾ͽǻû֮ɫҶĻᣬһ־֮ƣʮ֣Ƿֳʤ˲øԤ
Ҷ㼸ҪȴֱסˣԼս޷ϳϵĺ벻޷볡֮С
Ҷʮֻֽ¶ŭ֮ɫ
˾ͽǻɱһŹ㡣
Ĵ˷׷׷ŭȣ˾ͽǻþգûбҪնɱ
ϷŹң
ǺŹ˾ͽ壬㣬˾ͽôһǧɡ
˾ͽǻָҶ㣬ȻڲɱҶ㣬ɱߵˣҶһı
ҶĿ˾ͽǻˣҶıȶֻҪԼһֱնɱκλᡣ
ɱҶۣԽԽңһаħ񣬲˿Ҷϵħ¶󾪺֮ɫ
Ũɱ¾֮Ҷɱ˶ˣܻܶɡ
ѵפأ¶һ˿ЦݣҶ΢΢һЦΪֵܣûжΪŵӣûжϣȻҲԹ޻ڡ
˳Ĭˣͷӵ񣬾ָɣΪθҶߵˣִš
޽һƬĬ˱տڲˣԷ˵϶һʧ
ûҶɱһ˾ͽǻĳˣһ⣬ĲӺɨȥ
Ҫ
˱۾ϣһĻһ֣˾ͽǻ
ֵǣټ
۾ĬĬĽһսȻԼѡģӦȥ
ͣ
һѪĲϳһϸϸ˿ڣֱˣһ˾ͽǻҶ˾εĻᡣ
ôݶǲ̣𳤽˾ͽǻ¶һ˿⣬һ˿֮ĿС
ϣɳȥʮ˾ͽǻ档
һ̣ϵĽʧˣһȥס壬ڻ
㲻ǧ
һЦ֮ɫϵҡ壬һѣǧ
Ϊ֮ݣҶȻпᣬߵ˾Ȼ˸ߵżȻҶһй֮
ֵǣԲһˣ
΢΢˫ۣϼһ˿ЦݣôҲҪġ
ĬĬעϵķŭ֪ԪˣڶᣬһҶˣˡ
һοֿˣ˭˵ж᲻ᵯֻδʱ
˿ΪĸޣΪ˿ޣΪֵܿޣΨΪ˿ޡ
ûҵ˭Ҳ׼
ҶͻȻ˵һ䣬źƽ̨ϻص޾ɱ¾֮
·ƬأûԼ˭Ҳ׼Ȼ
һҶ㣬Ҷûж֮ɫ޾ɱ
£
Ҷóһöɵȥ
ûκԥӹɵҪֱҡҡͷܾĺ⡣
ǵĺˣҪұֵܡ
˵꣬Դһᣬڶˣ
ǲҪֵܣѣ
͵ҡϽѣҪ˯ȥһ˯ȥԶ޷ˡ
޽棬һ֮ɫݺݵĵ˾ͽ巽򣬷ȫˡ
Ȼ˾ͽįˣ˿۸ֻҪٹǧܷ꣬չһӴ塣
Ϊֻٻɣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷܵط·ڳ΢ı仯ֻ֮


1450 󹷵ı仯
˽ĿעӵҶϣһ޴ֻͨĻǾȻֻͨС
ɣ
Ҷʩչܿƣֻͨһص֮С
κԥóɵĲϣ˿ںܿϣĻҲص˻꺣֮С
˶ס˺Ҷֶ𺳣Ҷ㾹ȻĹܣ˵ֶΰɡ
޽ҲһƬȻ˽ͷӶûмֻǲеİ塣
ֻħҶֻ֮
Щħˣ¶֮ɫ뾡һа취ҲҪõ
һֻֻ֮Ҫڹ涨ʱ֮ڣͿŤתͲõ
ҶԹҪȥЩ˸ϧʱ䳬˴£ֻ֮޷̫ԶĵطٻǵĻǡ
ͬŸǻֻ֮ͨУҶ׵Ļ˻꺣档
˴Ҵһ£ЩţҶ㳹׵߸ǵ֪
Ƕ͵ˣȽ侲ϾۼҶʩչ񼼣ǰ½ʱΣҶǿֻ˵
Щ£һӦ
ѡ
оһָʼЩԽԽ졣
ţ
﷢һ΢ĺߺƺʮܣǸԼںϣҪӦһʱ䡣
ƤӡĻˣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҳˣ
˵һĻΪǼˣȻôỹܿǼ
û
¶Цݣ˸ܿɢȥȡ֮¶ϧ֮ɫֵҪһӣһʱ
û
һͷˮԼ˾ͽǻ˲ӣôû
ϽԼĲӣ˿ʧֻԼЩʹ
ûҶʦܽȻġ
ܿһŷӦԼû
ȴƽˣҶĽȻˣôܣ˶ܾȻɱҶߵˡ
˾ͽǻһ֮ɫһ˿˿ɱɢΪѩޣҶʹ࣬˭֪
ҶȻһַ̣۽һƺ뵽ЩʲôѹҶڵûԭΪԭ
ֲɣ󲿷ֶΪҶ֮ûڵǿֻ
ҶҲýֻ֪ͣԽԽãڵ飬Ҷ㲻ܸˡ
Ϲѩ¶һ˿֮ɫ˼֮У˼ʲôʱãʱ˼
޽ҲǷˣҶ㾹ȻȻˣֶΣЩǧϹﶼûм˼ʶ
ʦܣлл֮
ָ֮վҶһĵĸм
Ȼ˵ˣֵܣαҪƽЩ
Ҷһ彩ԭأ޷ʩ
úúãֵܣͲӦüƽЩ
ͻȻЦˣһεˣܶණˣԼ֮УҲһ̤˾
鵽ˣָû˻ðճԣǰܶ鶼Ȼʣͻƾʱڡ
ȶüڶֺܿ쿪ʼЩŵӶî˾ȡǰʮ
սȽƽ˷׷ϳʧܸա
Ҳһǿַ壬ֱӱ̭
ˮ˽ҲˣһֹΪˣһֱ䡣
۵ľǶͣһĶƣʵʮֽӽǶ͵ٶռݾԵơ
书Ψ첻ƣ
ʵ൱ʱٶȾܸıһУ붡͵ٶѹסƵĽ
ҲҶȻĹϵ˶Ҷߵ˲һ˿ɵͼǲҪĴ򷨣ˣҶ
ƲͬˣҶ㲻һ־һһ˼ɡ
һ˼ɣֵʱ򣬾Ͳˮ͸ҵ˻ᣬԽԽѹƵ޷
ˣˣ䣡
սһʱ䣬ߵһǳˣһнӽ츳и꣬˾Ǻѡ
ԷνɽĻᣬҶ㣬òʧ
л
ԷĸԼģҲܾˣȻսʤ֣һҲ޷ٽһ
Ҳ뷨һ־սʤͣҲҶ㣬һ޷ٽһǰ
Ǵ󹷣ŵգ֮Ҷӵеﲻַ֣ͬŵ
ɫ⻷תϵк󹷡
յĹ޶ԣÿ̤һ涼һζǺĺᣬպ֮
ֻд󹷣ǻھɽһһƵֻǻ˻Σһȭһȭ͵¡
ÿһȭʵ޻ʲô似Ǵ󹷡
⣬似ƫƫֱֵ׵ȭʮܡ
ñһޱȾˣһĹ˿һʹʲô似󹷶޶ԣһȭȭ¡
䣡
һȭŭ¡һɽյݺݵѹ
ҿ
ղţͻȻ貵ĹâҪƽ󹷵ȭ
ٺ٣
ֳԼҹ󹷷ٺһα˫ȭ֣һֹŹֵӡ
Ҷһѵˣشǵĺ֮
һֵķĳˣӴɢһ˳صϢ·ڳ٣ͻȻ˴ǰ
飡
ĵʱֱӵɳȥһƺһЩˡ
ջ֣һ˿֮ɫһЩ˺
Ųһ̤һüϢˣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ƵߣûмȫǸһڽ֡
䣬ˣ
֣ˣʮֱȻһɵӡ
˭ܿ⣬ƫƫˣǰʮôܲ
ĵĵȻҶߣҶ֮⣬ͻд󹷶ɹǰʮǿ֣Ҳлᴳǰʮ
󹷣ûƽʱ񣬾Ȼòشˡ
ɳĴ󹷵ļЩĽˣӮ˵ϡ棬ʵߣӮˣôЩԽܡ
ٺ٣ϹȻģ
󹷻һɵǺǵӣɳ˵ʲôղֻԼʱϹȻġ
ҶüһԼ룬ڿһĶ֣αȶȻȰźˡ
ֻҪͬŵӣûһǶԵ״̬ǳ״̬ҲÿһֱޱȼңȫԸ
Ҳ׷ЦݣУҶ֮Ҳ顣
ʦܣҪСģ
ҶСĶ֡


1451 
ҶʮţʮֿһεĶ֣ȻҶʼδġ
ƺÿһֽ֣Ȱźˣκһϳ֣ԼߵˣǵжԵĹϵ
Լ⣬
Ҷ㣬˵һŵɣɱ㡣
䣬⼸ı֮ܶ࣬УɱȻ
ǰҵǸϾʱôˣѵͲܽ⿪Ľᡣ
ҶЦһʵ˵ûжĳޣȻҲɱУӶ֯ȥôˣҶԳҲ𽥵
ʱ侳ǵɾȫһȼԺܶ鶼ˡ
һ仰뻯֮ĳޣֱǿЦ㣬ôһǧɣ½һ塣
˺ѷεغһжǰҶͣҴ֮ףΪ壬Ϊ
κйҲΧɱңô䵽أȻ㲻ͻҶҲ˵ʲôһɣ
ҶԼ飬᲻ϣԹ޻ڣ֮ԱӣǾȡҶûκεĹϵ
˵ûҾˡ
˵꣬ˣһοϴμαǳĸߣɢīɫĹâ˸ƺӳʲô
ȵȣҶͻȻż֣Щ黹ûи
㻹кλҪ˵
˳ֵƣʱ׼֡
ϹѩʲôϵΪϴҪߡ
ҶһֱûϹѩϴͻȻ֣ѾΪһѿݹǣҲվ
֪Լȥɣ
һûͣһ䣬еͳҶݺݵֵת
ǳ
һȣܳ˹һ棬ǳڴˣȻǧ֮һĴǳ
Ҷһܲǧ֮٣Ҳǧ󣬲Ǻ
ǳڴԵǳ֮Ժ졣
κ֮ģ׼㽫Լء
ǿǳ֣֮Ҷһ֣ɫ΢䣬û뵽ʮŮӣʵȻǿԺҶ㡣
Ŀ⣬ˢˢľۼҶϣһҶӦǳȫѹһİɾֲ˹
׷ʹҶһһ̣ΪһĨ磬ֱײǳ֮һдӡˡ
һޣҶչֳԺ񷣬˵ССǳ֮
дӡ
ΪƸΪ꣬ҶһȻܸıظֶ֣Σ졣
Ҷٶޱȣǳ֮֮سײ˾ҵĺ
ııġ
ܴһ춯صضΪ֮ʧɫֽ֣ﵽƬصļޣͬһŰɿɲĳ
˴˿̲ףԼҶ㵽жĲ࣬ȫһȼ
أأ
ͻȻĺ磬ڼӲĴϣХڿԶɽء񷡢л֡
Уǳۣ֮ʱһĹ˸ӳֵǳ֮ϣܶ֡
ϣ
ǿĳϣײһ㣬ʮ̶ִ

ͻȻһ䣬ʩչ˴ͻȻĩ״̬ĩ٣ͻȻޱȡ
ôܣ
ʵôĬĬţȥһоͻᱻܡ
Ҷһݣܵ˻İ壬̫ˣȻǧǳǰ
Ĵɱ¾֮ͬɱ
һɱ¾ΪһΪΪǻ֣ޱȣ졣
𾪵ĵȻֹҶһˣ޽ҲǷˣȫģû֪·ƾճ֡
ǴðģʵȻǿҶս൱
⣬һƣҶ㸲֮УХڣ纣
ĵ⣬ռ壬ﲻݣοС࣬Եֵ
׵ĶˣҶ㲻ܰܣڷֻʣһˣˣһηڽȫû
һǰʮ󲿷ֶĴҰԲʣ¼õ
һηڱҪõһлһ
ϹѩĿһУ֮Уûκα仯ƺһԤϵˣЩ꣬ϣԴ
¡¡
ձ򴩣ƬЩƬȫҶϣƽ̨
ɱ¾
Ȼ֮䣬ƽ̨Ĵɢɱžһŭ֮ϣߣһ˺ЩռƬҶ˺ѡ
ҲɱˣȰ㻹Ǵصȥ
Ҷһȣ屬ӻ֮˳޷
̤񷣬ᴩأҶͬһаʮָ֮ϣɢŨϢ
սˣҶֻ˾ͽǻɱȻгǶǶǰˣҶѾĲˣɱҲ£һ䵭
ǽգ׼Ҷɱ⣬˫֮Уɢɺ֮ɫǶŭŮˣҶҲɱ
Ҷ㣬ҪˣһţΨһ֧ҵĶɱ㡣
ԼҶƵҲЩ벻Ŀǰʵţ̫ࡣ
ȻɱҶ㣬ЩǷϣΨһ֧ȥնɱҶ㡣
ԩԩ౨ʱˣڱˣ
Ҷջָףûм֣Ȼǿ󣬵вԼĶ֣ӦĴҸϹѩ
Ҷ㣬ϻˣ֮䣬ֻһ˿Իš
ûиҶϻ֣Ǹֵ⣬һαһǿ󣬿ҶĳޣѾ㾡Ȫ֮ˮ޷ϴˡ
֮ǳ֮˲ˣҶϯҪȸղǿһࡣ
ȻԼҾͳȫ㣡
Ҷ㲻ˣԷͱˣѾĵߡ
һ˺е˲䱻߽⣬ֱ룬һ䣬ǱߵıӣһʰҪսսף׻ģԺ󲻶ϵľԼ

һӣ޴ˣԭأҶ֮ǿѹ֮ٶ
и
һһУûκͣ޴ḥ̂ǳһԵޱɲﻹǵ⣬һɱ˻
ǡ
ռ䷢ǵǱʳһ㣬ʮëȻëҪиϣѪģ
ԶϹѩ΢΢һ˿֮ɫƲµ˽

£Ҷ㷢һŭһͷԾ֮ʨڴǿĳֱӽɳȥ
Ҷ飬ֹƻ˺塣


1452 ǰʮ
ǿ˺֮˳ȥҶ飬Ѿһʬ塣
Ҷϣǿ󣬾ҪЩνĺҪǿ󼸷֣ϧԼһֹֻˡ
ĨȥǵѪ֮УɱⰻȻ˿ûм١
Ҷ㣬ֻҪҲ֮սûн
˿лҶ飬Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ҷ㲻ΨһĿ꣬նɱҶ㡣
Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ֮У˸ɱȻˣǾͽԷնɱҡ֮Уɳ
ҺûвԼļˣҲҶΪʲôûɱԭĿֻնɱԼûʲôɵ飬ҶΨһɱɡ
ˣְɣ
ԴϬֱٴξ׼֣ܵԽԽ࣬ݱɿ磬޾ĳɳ˫۶޷
˰ɣ㲻Ķ֣컹ɱĻᡣ
ϹѩͻȻ˵ˣǺܴȴܴڳÿһ˵ĶϵϢ˲ʧһɶ
ܻҲɢȥָܻʡ
ҵȵã˵Υ˼Ȼ˵첻ǻᣬҾ͵ȣһ죬һԸԴ
ϹѩĻûΥʮӣԼȣеҲǵõϹѩָ㣬ûɲӡ
Ҷ㣬ϣһֱúõĻţһ죬һᳬ㣡
ˣϷɳһٶҶ˳Ľ뵽ǰʮǽӽ߰ʮֲֿ·գ֡
սһһҲһȥ˺ڣһֺֻܽüת֮䣬Ѿ˵ˡ
˵ļˣھǰʮ˵һˣлɽ硣
Щǰʮˣ˿ʼףֻҪǿĶ֣ǰʮǰ϶顣
ǰʮķֱҵַ壬ҵҵĽҵ¡
Ĵңÿһ綼˴룬ֻһȽ٣Ƹһ̫Ĺϵ
ʣµʮֱҶ㡢͡󹷡ѩնս̵ʥİˣŵħڵȪħŵԶ˾ͽ˾ͽǻκ¼û˴롣
ޱ¥ɺҶ㴫ĴʵҲǰʮԺ꣬˳ǰʮ
һˣȻϹѩսһл֣ܶҶȫ̽ⲻĵ
ǳҫۣ߰Ŀ£ŵķӢһʮˡ
ջ֣·ˣ񻰱սᣬƣʵ֮ܲ£ϧĶֲֻͬܡ
һˣһʼͲ֪һɢޣԸ壬зĻɺѩֻŮӡ
ɹǰʮҲ˵һĻᣬԴǰʮһҹʮֲƽ˶ȫս
ֻһΣˣֻĲ򾳽硣
һαȽ⣬Ĵֻĸ죬ǰʮĴֵܷ߸
˿˵ĵȻ߰ŵ޽濪ʼף
ųǧʱ䣬⻹ǵһβμӣеӷɽ磬һҫ
ЩţѾΪ棬ÿ춼ܴǰʮܴܲǰʮͲˡ
ҹ˾Ҷǿգֻһռ侧ڣɷ磬֮˽ή٣ᷢʲôأ
ֽǲĸоԽԽŨҶڲۿԼΪԽԽԡ
űԽԽңֽ겻ԼԼΣһҶͷϡ
һ˿ɫ˴֮˳һ죬ܶ˼ĵеԴǹؼһ죬˳ɹǰʮ
˽ǰʮ죬ʮ
ΪɽĵλɽʹȻǰĵӣսҲôס
Ҷ㣬󹷣˷׷׼Ѿ뿪ƽ̨Զϣһܴǰʮ
˵ʵҪǰʮЩѶȣǼһҵˣûκεĻᡣ
Ҷ㳯ͻд˵ʵܲ߰ﻹŵˣҲһ߻ᡣ
Ҫˣδؾлᡣ
˷İɣߵһǺˡ
ͿĺֻܵҪҶԣܷܲɽ磬ĲǺأ㴳ǰʮҶ㲻ܷɽ磬ǵȻҲ뿪һֱҶ㡣
ʮ⻪£ػһ׷׿Լϵӡ
Ҷĺţڽһ֡
ܿһĿֱ⳯˾ͽǻȻʮţҶĶ֡
ƺͰźˣԼĶ֮˾ͽǻ֮УɱԣƺЩġ
Ҷ㣬ѳ̶ȿ֪Ҳסͨɽĵ·
޽˾ͽ˿˾ͽǻĶҶ֮Ҳ׷ŭ˭ãȻҶ㡣
һߣ˾ͽ巭ĺûᣬ˾ͽǻõɽٴ
ڵĶҶ㣬սͲ˵ˣһ˾ͽǻˣҪΣգ˾ͽǻɱһ̣ҶͶ˱ɱ֮ġ
һ߰Ŀ££ҵһͳˣƺΪ֮
ҹҵĶҲǺǿֻǶţƺĴҡ
ڤڤ֮УڰһһЩǿĶ֣׷ױܿ
⣬½ǵһ̤ǰʮˣлǰɽ磬ȥ˲˾ʱ䡣
ҲһӶ޷򣬵ǽɽ磬ҲһͻƣɷĲ
߰£˷ܵı飬һ˲䣬ʧһɶ
ţԼĵӣһлᴳǰʮ˭֪Ĵҵˡ
²ʹ˷ǹңҲҪһһɻᣬҲ
ս˲죬²Ǻʮֺǿ󣬸޼ҲһǧҶĿǰ
ǧҲͨ似ܱ⡣
µȵһ죬ʹóΪɱõģϧûжĻˡ
Ҳ˼ִ˲佫ѹסˣȫһȼ
˰ʱʱ䣬ˣڱȥҲûж˼Ȼ»еơ
ԼƴҲ޷սʤ֣ߵһѾˣ㽻ȥһһٶȥ֮󣬿Խ򣬲˾硣
ܿеڶ֣ÿһ֣ǣ˵񾭣Ϊĸţһˡ
䣬ζʧȥ˻ᣬһʮֹؼ
ǰʮķأֻҪܽǰʮԡ
ڶǻȪħŵԶϹѩҶЩ⣬ʵܲһ
ҶҲҪϹѩ׻ʲôûʹ
СӣɣȻǰʮҲɽ磬ǽ죬һҪ֪ɽ磬ͨΨһһ·
ɽ磬ħħ磬˴˵ͬ


1453 Դ
˲ʶϹѩȻҲԶڣϾŶΨϹѩʮİ
Զһ֮ɫΪħ壬Ͷмųģβμ޽磬ĿģǻɱҶ㡣
ҪɱҶȻˣܴǰʮܸħһЩҫ
ɽҲħڣڿǣǲǴǰʮɽ磬һлҪȻصȪħŻǾħԺ˵
ְɣ
Ϲѩһ°֮ɫûʲô鲨ķǣƮƮָߴʤ⾳·κ飬޷Ϲѩ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
Զһ䣬ɲɱɢƽ̨ڵħǿµ衣
Ųһ̤ͻȻһζԶʵ򵥣ߵһз֮
ֱһڣڵħϹѩһڸʻĻ𳵣ХҪѹȥһɽΪƽء
ħɨ棬ʯѣƵڳĬ֮У͸˵Ĺâ
ͻȻ
һӰˣϹѩֳֳƽһսˣһ֣ܶѵԸԶҲһ
ûСһֻĸ֣ſһƽȴ˶޷İ塣
ƽռİ壬Ҷʩչƽ򣬴֮ۡ
ƽһ׵նħԴϣħһĺУԶԶС
һ̣ħʼŤɲ˲ݿħ񾭣Ҷ㶼ľǵ͹Ϲѩʵ
ķ߰Ҳ޷ֻɽſԣѵϹѩɽˣ
ҶͻȻһƺЩˣҲϹѩɽ׷ɱԼġ
ҶֺͿˣԼֻһ鷲ˣѹܵɽˣΨģҲԪҵСˡ
Ϊ˶ת廹ɽ磬Լɱ֮󣬻صɽ磬һ
Ϲѩ׷ɱԼʱҶѹͲʶСˣԲġ
Ϲѩ츳
ı
ҶǾãԼϣһıֻԼһֱûзֶѡ
Ҷ˼ĹħѣϹѩٴһһĨ⣬гһĻ棬ָ·
һųȵĹų֣·ҫԶϢϹѩѹסˣ˴۾ħţȻһбƵϣֱǲ˼顣
ҵַҲ޷ɣӣһ޽翪ĺӦҶðϹѩˡ
һҽɸ֮ǣԶħѾˣԶɫࡣ
ղŵ֮ģʮܱһ֣֮ƣҲһǴһʼûпϹѩ
һϣǰϣȫϹѩ
ΪֹҶ㻹ûпϹѩʩչκε壬·ĵ壬ƽƽһƽһˣûκαû
֮Уһɱ֮Զҵ岻ϵı仯ͼϹѩѹƣÿҪᱻĽѹȥ

˿Ҷſ˽УϹѩ˳ˮ沨ľ磬ȫƬء
ͬʱҶ㻹֣ǽ֮УʱʱһĹÿԶ͸оʮܣ·ԵֵѵϹѩİ壿
һָԼְٴ뺣򽣹ڵİζ
ҶüͷԽԽϹѩҪԼϴμǿ֪ٱҶţΨܳԼģΨϹѩˡ
Сӣпܲǧ֮һĴԴ
Ľ׵ͻȻˣɽ֮ܶû˱ϹѩĽ֮Ľƺ뵽˴Դ
ʲôǴԴ
Ҷһͷˮǧܶ࣬ԴĽƺûиԼΪ˵˳
ΪҲţԴѾʧ˼꣬ɽ磬û˶ΪϹѩ˴Դ
ĽƺԸ˵̫࣬ѵԴʲôɸ˵ܣ
ȻĽײ˵ҶҲü׷ʣԴȷʵҶЩͷۡ
֪ƽԴ𣿡
һԼϹѩӦҶҪҵԵ֮ߡ

ֻдǴԴĿǣศɣһִԴǴҲ֣ڳҵˡ
ĽҲһüҶϹѩҲⲻˡ
ʱ
Ҷڲô֮ѾǼޣڲ࣬޷Ԧˡ
ֻܼˣĴɱ¾ȻܿƴԴҲǻһЩƣסԴǴ֮ԭʼ֮ҪҵԭʼĸԴȻƵԴ
Ľ׶ٶһЩҶѵ
̸ĹԪ᧿ΣʱҪܣʮǱϹѩѹסˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ϲѩ棬һĻ棬·һˣ磬û˼ƾ壬ݻ磬Ĵҵ¶֮ɫ⣬˶һãȻ֮ɫ
СӣҪСˣ²Ƕ֡
ΣĽЩҶ㵣ǣϹѩҪɱҶ㣬֣ϧУһԷ϶ŹҶ㡣
ˣֻһһǿδؾͲ
Ҷ㲻־磬ԴǿԼĸֵҲȫڴԴ֮¡
ͣ
һѪԶֱ۳һ˿ڣϹѩһУϹѩûгʤ׷ֻǻܶ֡
ˣ
ջسֻǼ򵥵֣ʼգϹѩĻͺ٣ϧ𣬴Ҷһ𣬾ûгʮ仰
ԶһǷ֮ɫһ뿪ƽ̨֪ϹѩһջһѾһʬ塣
ֺܿ쿪ʼʱѾͣҿ磬սʱ䲻Ǻܶ࣬൱Ķ֣»Ӽҡ
ϳǷʥİ˶Ʈѩȵѩ⣬˵ʤӦôϺܶ࣬ϾһһŵĵӣһǶš
ǴѩȶԲһߣʵǿⳡ˭Ц󣬻˵
վƽ̨룬ѩһ£ϾգӵĿ⣬ȢŮӣ׷ѰĶ
ϺȻѩܱĴҵǿ౶һҵˣûлˡ
룡
ѩһƣܶκˣǱһŵ̬ȣ·ʳ˼̻ӡ
룡
ŮЩŹ֮ɫܶӣԸŮ˽֣һ˵ŮˣڶŮսʮϸ壬Щ˺Ӧ
ѩϸŮˣÿһ仯ȥˣһͻ﷭
ս˲죬˺ܿսһ


1454 
ѩˮ
ѩ似һһİѩһ㸲ǣ˵һ޴ѩˡ
ӰУԶԼ⣬òǰһѩ򵥣ѩ֮壬ܷ·뵽ź
һ̣˲½Ѿǣ֮صĸ֣ݱԼ·ЧĹǽ֮
صĸȻķű仯ɴ˶˲л֮ϣ°ѩ
ϣһѩմ֮Ȼ
ȣ
﷢ڰѩش¶ȼͣҲһơ
ѩƮ˫žȻأŮɢָ޾İѩƮ䣬ƽ̨ױѩûҲ˵Ӱˡ
ò¶֮ɫһ׶༪ˣû뵽һǿĺ
ǡ
ѩǵҪ忪˿һɽѹͷϡ
ɽԽԽߣ˲书򣬾Ͷѻһɸߵľɽ˵壬ѩɽ棬ʧȥټ
ʱһһйȥ˭뵽÷ʥŵӣȻһŵĵӻܡ
һʱ֮󣬱ɽҲûư˷ˣѾ޷忪
һٶ˳ȥ֤ˡ
ѩָһ㣬ɽһѿܿʧ˵Ҳ¶˳һһſڵϡ
ѩǰʮʱƮѩϲ˷׷ףأǰһҲûʲô˲𣬲ǲ֮
ܿе֣Խںܶ˵Ԥ֮У˳Ժ꣬ĸǰʮ
Ҷ˾ͽǻǽһսۡ
Ľ㣬ʵΣ˾ͽǻնɱҶֵܣһ϶ǲݣҶŹ˾ͽǻ
Ҷر֮ˣߵ˾ۣ˭֮һŹ
ߵУ˾ͽǻһ֮ɫϵɱ۳ɺ˾ͽΪҶ㣬䵽ⷬء
˾ͽÿһ˶նɱҶ㣬ֵȻҲ⣬Ȼ֪ǧѣҲҪһԡ
Ҷ㣬ڣ
˾ͽǻ˵꣬ϱһǿϢԽԽߣԺ񷣬ʵ
Ȼˣ˹
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦϴףҲԼĸ׹ɾ˾ͽǻҲˣ˾ͽ뵽ˣ޽磬Լ
û˵֮£Ŀˣ
˾ͽǻûֳǸ֣һ۾ܿҲûбҪܻ䡣
쿪ˣҲԼģܷǧ֮һˡ
ҶЦһ˽٣ȻκˣοֻǱ˶ȹһ˿
ϻ˵ɣ
˾ͽǻøҶㆪȥֱӳˣƣһ־͵˵һҶݺݵ¡
¡¡
һ˿ˣӳ˾ͽǻϣӿһΰӰ˾ͽģ𵴰˻ģ̤أ·ҷƣ졣
ҶͻȻоһ٣Ϣĸо˵̫ɲǵ͹˾ͽǻ
˾ͽ壬ΪնɱԼѪ
κεĵһö޴Ƴ֣֮ҶҲ˵̼ˣ·ܵٻһ㡣
һ̣ܼžĿ£û˵˺Ľ࣬Ŀһս
һҫ۵ţһ˾ͽõָĽӣײǾ춯ء
дӡ
ź¡һɫâ𣬿ռһҵĲƺ֮
ˣ
ܿռ˺ùģɫӡᴩ񷣬һգ۵Ĺ򣬾䵽˶ǰ˾ͽ棬Ҷ޾ɫ
ˣҲҪ
˾ͽǻǼ˵ҶҲֻΪһ̣Ҷ㶯ɱ˾ͽǻ
һвԼļˣ˾ͽıԣԲưոݡ
ⱬƽ̨
СΪ˾ͽ۸ɣڣ
˾ͽУΪһֻҶƶ¡
ǧ֮ľ죬Ϲѩüͷһ壬Ҷȫء
һҶס֪Խսˡ
ƣ
ɫӡ£ݺݵھϣײһ档
䣡
˲㤵ˣĳϵӿܣЩĽţ׷ױɳȥ
ְӲ񷣬˼䣬µţÿһˣǧ֮һҲǷֵܵ
ѹһй¶ͻᱻɽ緢ֱ֣ӷɽ磬޽磬Ծʩչ
Ҷƺסˣ޷ĸоͬһžɽԼѹ˾ͽǻף˭ܿҶһ׶༪١
£
̫ˣ
˰˽Լ϶Ƕ֣ƾ־ѹɾ
ѹ
ҶŭˣȻԷݱһдӡ޷֮ƿƴɱ¾Ҳûá
ԥļ˰˱籦һĿá
ˮֱھ֮ϣľɽݺݵ
Ʒϳô޷ȻоŲ㣬ƣ
ô£ѵҶõ崫У
ƺҲǣǼзڲػľ档
СΪƾһܻҵ𣿡
һβݺݵ˦˹ȥ鲼񷣬ռѷ죬ˣء
ܲܺһս֪
ָһ㣬ɱ¾ˣþԼҶó˸ֵ⣬סиѹƣҶ˲١
۾Щţ˵Ҷ㾹ȻֵסˣЩ˼顣
ˣѱ˺ѣ̫ǿˡ
һĻĲɫףЩ˶ϣҶ˾ͽǻ˭֪Ҷ˿ûа
ɱ¾
ʮָðߣ֮ϣʮɲЩоӣݺݵĳҧ¡
꣡
ʮָһֱӲ˾棬һ˺Ӿϻ˺һ鷨
壬Ƿݱ䣬˵ķѾԲҶ㣬Ҳ޷ݱ
巨򣬶Ҷܴ˲佫ķյһɶ
ܺãȻңҾͲˡ
Ҷ㷢һЦһսѪսۣ̤أһ䣬ʮָٴη裬һöö֮С
ζܣҶٶȶ⣬޷׽ҶӰӡ


1455 
ɾѹҶ㣬Ҷһֻӣκλᡣ
ϵζҲ޵ģȵľҶɱ˾ͽǻʱ
Ҷ㲻ԸԼ潻棬ѡζ˾ͽǻ۴С
Ҷ㣬б¸Ľһضܣʲô£
˾ͽǻ̲סˣҶ㷢ŭҲ޵ģһֱάȥ
ֻû뵽Ҷ˽ƻøѹһٶȰĹôɱ¾͵Ϯ£˾ͽ޷նɱҶ㡣
ˣһܽսϧǧ֮һ
ûʲô£Ҳ˵
Ҷ㷢ԼǱԷʲôʸЦԼ
СΪһζĶܣӹһ𣬼ֱǿЦ
˾ͽٶȳ֣һ䣬ı˴򷨣һֿݱ˽󣬸ƽ̨ҶûжܵĿˡ
Ȼһ䣬ǵһĹҶٶȣֻķһסҶ㡣
־ɽȫܿ⣬Ƭأɽ磬ڷˡ
Ҷٶȱѹ޷˵ΣڵϦĶˣΪҶ
͵¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҶˣһҲѳᣬնɱ˾ͽǻҶһ
Ҷɫ˲˾ͽף¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ֻ
Ҷʩչ˴ֻһֻ֮ųˣޱȾ޴һɽݺݵѹֱҶǰ
Щ־һѣ޷ֻ֮ţ֮ϡ
޴ֻ֮ţĻƣʮֹӣ͸޾Ĳɣ·ڵ֮У̫꣬ؼա
꣡
սƽ̨δѿǽ죬ֻ֮ŵ棬ʯһ籬ѣ
ʲô˾ˣɵɵĿֻ֮ţ·ͬһ򾣬ڲϵ䶯ʯźȣһң߶ʮɣһɿֲϢֻ֮ɢ
ָһ㣬ֻ֮Ŷˣܺݺݵɨ˹ȥЩĽ˲䱻߽ܲסֻ֮ŵɨ䡣
˾ͽ¶һ˿֮ɫƺֻ֮ţһֻأӴ˲תˣȻ뱻ֻ֮С
и
ٳɣҶʩչ˴иЩĿռ䣬ı˺ˣ˵־ֻ֮ŵѹ֮£Ȼ
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ǿеֻ֮ţҶķǳ֮ر꣬·Ҫˡ
ǰʩչֻֻǵֻ֮ŵӰֻͨڲͬҶ㽫ֻ֮ųݱʵʣóȻʩչΣշǳŪãὫԼԶֻͨС
˾ͽǻɫ࣬ȫλѹ֮£Ҷ㻹ǰ˳ȥЩģڼٵʧȥǳ
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Ҳв̾ϢһΪҶ˱ƴ֮󣬲ܻܽķ
ʵ˹ʺˣ˶κβѵû˿ѹ𣿡
˴ض㣬ղŰˣΪҶɣͻȻܡ
⻷ƣɱ¾֮ˣҶҪ򵥵ʽ뵽֮С
ǴϹѩ֮вϣҲܲ򵽴Դ
ƽ棬ΨƽܲĴΨƽԼıģΨƽ߳ƽĵ·
Ҷľϵķ仯еĳ΢΢ƽһҲʽνȴ̫İ塣
Ψƽ
ϹѩһƺҶ㽣֮УԼ·¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҶ𣬾żȻ
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һ£һ£Щֻãȴ˶ð壬ȴòΣȻҶһΡ
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Щţֻܴﵽһ㣬ƽȴ޷ţҲ̤żԿס
˿̵Ҷ㣬£·һĵϣ񾲣˼侻ȾѪ֮
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˵Ҷǰһ鷲ھȥ˷ԡ֮Уȫĵĵõ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ˸˷֮ɫⲻ֮У⾳Ȼõ˼棬ɽƺҲôңɼ
ѵǸղٻֻ֮ŵԭ𣿡
Ҷ²⣬ǿٻֻ֮ţԼһֻ֮࣬ǰ⾳
ɱ
˲һ䣬Ҷɱ¾֮ᴩ񷣬жʮɽɽ
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£һ̫죬̫ͻأˣ˼άûϣеĳһ貵Ĺâ
ǿϢ׵˺ѿռ䣬˲ִ˾ͽǻǰȻػҶҲɱ
Сݵſ񣡡
˾ͽ渡һӰվ˾ͽǻǰ־ҪȸղϺܶࡣ
˽Ҳ
Ҷ¶һ˿̵ЦݣŲһ̤һ޴ĳ֣ĺ¡û˲Ψɱ
ǿĵ⣡
һЩ˷֮̾ȻҶ㣬òҶ츳ȽϹѩһ
ΨһҶûв򵽴Դƽĵ⣬һʽȫȥֻһС
һҶȫĵͶȥûнǶȣûĽֻƽһУȴ̫İ
ͣ
磬Ҷ˾ͽǰӶ־Ҷ꺣֮Уһǿ־֮
־֪Ҫ־ǿٱ񲻿¡

־˲䱻ѹȥ˾ͽ¶һ˿֮ɫ·𿴵˲˼һĻ


1456 ɱ
˼ǰ©һ£ڲҼ£
־ף¡
˵˲䱻߽˾ͽɴ㵱˾ţԸⷢ黹ǳˡ
Ҷϣô־ѵת
û˾ͽҲ˵һʹȻֻǸоһв
вĲǽжôֲһ־
С㵽ǺˣΪϱ־
˾ͽ治ƽˣ˺ǿֻڷһĶ
˭֪ģȥɣ
־˲佫˾ͽ־ѹȥӰԽԽܿʧ
ͻһĻһֲЩ㲻ףղǿ˾ͽ棬ֻһ˲䣬ͱҶƽˡ
ƽһȴʵʵ˾ͽǻϣû˾ͽػ˾ͽǻǱжצϻһһֱֽϻ
꣡
˾ͽǻһΪƽһп壬˲
֮ǰ㲻ΪˣƺҶˣֻ˾ͽˡ
˵ע֮£˾ͽǻزѪȾ˵棬˫ŭ͸޾Ĳ֮ɫ
ûʲô鲨ҶջسҵһطĿ˼
սˣʣʮƽ̨ϣ뿪죬ǰʮ
Ҷ磬û°ɣ
˹ƽ̨֮ϣ֮⣬Ҷ˶ǺϤ
Ҷһֱˣ˶ͻд֮һԣֻʣһԭء
û£
߹Ҷ˫ۣʾҲ£ô
˼ϴ鶼ˣΪңҲᱻħ򡣡
ЩѾˣ˵鶼Ϊ橶
ûϵⲻǺúõĻų𡣡
Ҷ΢΢һЦȷʵϹϵҪ־͹ֽ׵ĸףסޱ¥ĳڡ
㲻ҾͷˣΪҲΪû£һԭޱ¥
橵ʱһ֮£뿪ޱ¥ҪҶ㲻ܻŻҲޱ¥׷
ҶЦһܿת˻⣬Ѿȥˣ׷˭ҲûãҶҲûĹֹ橡
Ķмְգ
ĶǸķĻΪû֪ɢɣԴĦ
ʱһᾡΪ
橵Ǻ⣬սʤָã㲻սʤҲ˴ţΪ飬Ӱ쵽ԡ
Ҷ磬裬˶ɱ㣬㲻ܽǰʮԺ򣬲档
橲ΪԼģʼΪҶ㵣ȻûжŮ˽飬ͨ˺顣
һһɣҶ߹ˣⲻʲô
ҶҡҡͷȻҶӲڣˣҲԹ޻ڡ
ҹƽʥ̶޽棬һƬž
ɽ˵Ȼһδʤģһʱɤϣһн콫
һҹܿȥҶ໥ձ˴˵ľ飬Ҳ˲١
ͣһȶʼˣ橶ԷĻյλҪԸһޱ¥ǧɫĵӡ
ǴӼսĻʵҲͣ벻֮¡
ƽ̨м䣬橳Ҷ˵ͷͨĽǳ֮࣬ʱһ΢΢ָ㣬սֵı仯
ĻļսҶ㶼ϸϸĿһ飬иɻĸ֣һϸСı仯ֵֵܷ
ȻҶûŸ橣橵츳ܿҶڰ
룡
˱˴˶ʶ϶ŮӣʵֺܽӽһȽϼѡ
վ橳ԼıĻҲһһʹĻʹ˫Ůʹ˫ʮֺ
һ˿ĵӷĻɢǺı壬ʱ溬һ˿ͨǱ
һ˼ӤܲסɺĻʱһˡ
ĺӡһĻн죬һֱûмκţƾⱾߵ˽һ
һжǻԵɺϣƷĻҲû뵽ǰɽڳٳߣ֮Уеϣ
ǣ˲һ𣬵ײɢ޾Ļ⣬ɨ䣬ɷǺÿ
Ůսôÿһƺǧһ㣬ÿһֳ
ս󿪴ϣһЩϸĶʱʩչûС
ˣƮݵ㷢鶯ģǵò˷̾Ϊ˷ֱ͡
˭ʤ˭˶ţ򣬾֮ء
Ļܴǰʮһ޽϶ǸĶ
ñҶһûŵʱ򣬸Ŷ뽫룬Ǽ˷ڡ
ϣ
һĽͻȻֿظܿղһ֣ǰ
𳤽ֱһһɫˣҶ㴫ĴһУٴμӴ
֮ĻҲ˫Ϊֻˣһ˫֮УȻһ˿־
棬ʼվ޴͵γķһ㱻
ôķ֮
û˱ҶϤ֮˻ףķ˾Ļ˫֮еķ־Ȳףµķ־ԲǷ˾Ѫô򵥡
и
һִ֣ܲӷ󾪽У橻ִ֮ҶҲᣬѵ˹ϵͬһ㡣
һ𣬲¶ζЦݣΪ橸Ҷвɸ˵ܡ
˻ɣ橹ƾҶŮˣȻôܽԼĴ崫ޱ¥ˡ
ֻм֪иʵ橴Ҷ㣬ЩĿ⣬Ҷȫˡ
壬ǣȻԼֻҪԼһΥģԡ
ɲ˺֮и˿Ҷ㣬̹Ͼиܶˡ
־ܿ챻ѹȥĻһˣܲסиѹϾǧ

ߵһĻǽң϶й֮˫ֽӡ˫趯γ˷
ֻˣɢ棬ȼܿռ䣬ֱӳиγɾ޴ĥײȥ
ֻҪƵиĻսʤֵĿܡ
˫ĥ̷ɹˣ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷ²ǶԵģĻ㣬㻹ġ
иȻʧ橵ͻȻʧԭأָһ㣬ڷĻߡ
ʧȥ˫·ʧȥ˫ۣĻһֲΪͻȻȥ˴иⲻ߼
ô嵽ԼǰģһһôԼ㡣
ָޱȣֱȡĻز·һ㣬϶ˣĻ㣬ϡ


1457 ɱ
˭뵽˴иǽֱָĻأƺһͼˣһıһ㡣
橿Լʱ򣬸Ļ¶һ˿֮ɫȻ橼ˣһܣҪܿһεĹ
죬橵ٶȸ죬ָһ㣬һǿĽˣֱӻ˷Ļ·¶׵ļֻһ
ˣ
Ļеƣջ˫ˣղȫ֣Ѿһʬ塣
ã
ûرˣҲûʧ䣬ǽɽ磬Ҳ޷̫
ֻǲףô֪ҵѨϡ
ĻЩףʵ鲻ôɣϹײԼѨϡ
ɶѣĺ֮һֱûȫգشһҴ򿪽ƣͻ⵽֮ɣ˵ûɡ
橻˵ȻָĹϵܶϸڣҲͨԼġ
ûȷˣķڷ
ĻûнƱ磬ʵˣĺ֮ȻСͱӡˣڵľ磬޷ȫֻ˲ſԣһĻⲻ³
Ļ뿪ƽ̨˳ǰʮޱ¥˿ʼ񻶣ͶЦˣȻ橶ޱ¥ЩִϾޱ¥ĵӡ
߳󹷶Ȼ󹷺ŬˣȻӱ̭ˣĴڶʵַ岻¡
󹷻ǱƵʹ˾űܣ󹷺ˡ
ڰ˳Ͷַ壬ָǲò²⣬ַ˳ǰʮⶼûıȶ
ھųЩңŵԾħڵһħ֡
ħȫûһʣȫ̭ˣʮŵķӢնս̵ϣ˳ǰʮ
ǰʮȫֱҶ㣬ַ壬£橣ѩлԶϹѩ
޽һˣǰʮζṷ̋ҲûлᣬֻܵǧԺٴ
˳ǰʮģ취ȡøõΣȡõھ
Ҷ磬лѣ
󹷸Ͷ뿪ˣƽֻ̨橸Ҷϵ˴һ໥졣
Լսʤֻ֣˼ѡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦûгϣҲûзϣϣӻ֮Уи橣Ļ
Ҷ㲻ϣҲ˵ʲôϢָԪ콫һս
ܽ뵽ǰʮʵǳӽÿһսޱȼѡ
ȵɫʱ˴֮˳죬ǰʮҲǽɽˡ
ʮ˷ֱվʮâˣڱ˴˵ϣһһŶʮš
սʤֻһ֣ʧܸһ֣˭ķ࣬Ȼǹھ
ҶһҶʵսʤӦòѡ
һֵ橶ѩʮ֮УֻŮӣһ־ˡ
սһʱʱ䣬橲ƾѩǱѩ֮и߽⣬޷в橡
ҶǵڶϳһЦ֮ɫҶ֮Ѿǵһ˵ٱҪǿţҶ֣֮֮սϲҶ֡
Ҷ㣬䣡
ЦһȻˣҶһ㵡
Ϊˣ
Ҷ㲻⣬ʵΪҪⲻŵķʧȥ˰ԡ
ȫ֣Ҫսʤ㻹Ǻѣ籣ʵսʤ֣ҲܻúõΣϺķ̫Ԫںڵս
ʵʵ˵ǿ֣ʵսʤԼ൱ţݴͣȡøõΡ
ãл
Ҷ˵ͷЩͣΪҲΪһֺð취
֣ܿϹѩûϹѩʤ
ʮˣ˴˶ҪһʽҶϢʱ֮ӭ˵ڶ֣ѩ
һ橣һ䣬ͻḺ֣Ժսǳ
䣡
ѩʮʹ죬һֱȶ橶Ƕ֣Ҷ㣬ĸҡ
һȭҶϢ֣һδսԪѹûκġ
صյأҶϥ£սַҲȡʤʤϹѩʤҶʤ֮⣬һʤһ
һʤһƽһַ壬Ϲѩһʤһѩ
һһÿ˶Ǽ־ͻϳսԽԽҡ
Ҷս״̬ܲѣϾ˭һ
ûѡҶ㱧һȭһֱӳ֡
ΪǿԸҶĸ֣Ҫռл䲻⡣
ϧ˴Ķ֣Ҷ㲻ˣǿҵ֣Ҷ㷴һУǿ֣֮ԭء
ȫʢʱڣҶ㲻ôɵĽܣս˺ܶԪ
Ҷһȡʤ֣ʱȡ
橵˽һӦòʲôһַֽ֮ܲá
СѾͷɣҿһ˭Ҷߵô
ЦʱҶҷͻݱеҵ˳֣Žҷ˶Ҷ֡
ǽղͬҲù˼ʲô̭ʱ򣬽ûҶߵˣĽ۴С
лˣ橣׼úõŰһԱ֮
Ҷԩ޳ΪҪͱˡ
Ҳ֪ҸҶ㷢һЩͻ޹ش󰭣ûޣΪνҪһֱҶ㡣
ԩ޳𣿡
ҽҵ飬ҶҵǰǸһῼǷŹҪΪսʤ֣޵Уǽһ֪ʲôš
Ȼַ壬ܴĳ̶ȣǽģսȥսʤַ壬䡣
ǽŰԵռ̣ҶֻάԼȨѡ
橾ϣ֮ĶԹ
ϻ˵Ȼ㲻䣬ݹҲˡ
һӴƴɢĴңĵӣһǾ֮ʣʵȺ
˵̸Ҷ㿴УҲԼɱ˿δʢƸԼõٶкܴĹϵ
ڻ۵߰ٶҪ˺Ҷ㣬ϧǰʮ޷ӶԷϵǻɱֲſԡ
橣ǿ󣡡
Ҷ橴ҪǿԼʧ˲Ҫ
İɣзִ磡
橸Ҷ㴫ǿ󣬵Ҫ׵նɱԼһѶȡ
ȭһӣȳˣɲȭ磬ӿ㺧ˣ橹
ͬǰɾʵ֪Ҫ橸߳ٱƾǻ橾޷ƥС


1458 ̫֮
ʵǿ˽һȭͷ̶֮ȣȴ󹷻Ҫǿ
Ůӣǿȿ϶Թ糱ȭ磬һת˽һ
ȻûдŹ橣һȭһȭԽԽ橺ʼһαһΣĻᶼʧȥˡ
ĴңȻ鴫¶ͻ֮ɫĴҵˣˡ
ģ
Ȼ֮䣬һȭڵϣһεĲ֣ӣ橵廹δأͱȭɨС
ۣ
һѪ橵ܱɣȻȭصʱȻ͵Ϯ
û˳սˣֲܶĿġ
䣡
һ˺üվ壬ɫһƬҰףղܵһЩ˺
һ˿˿Ũɱɢеĳͨ似ѻܽˣΨһİ취Լİ塣

˫ֿٽӡһ޴ĽɫӲ֮ϣȻԭأޱȡ
ٺ٣Ĵûã
ֵһһɺ֮һͷͻײȥ
䣡
ֱӱ𣬻Ϊʧ׵Уٴܳ
橣ɣ
ɫһαһβҰףҶЩȥˣΪԼҪ޹ˣҶѰ
޹ģҶֻƼˮཻ㲻رĺѣʲôŮ֮飬ҪڽҶһù
û£һܼ֣
££޽㷢֮УʮƽŽŲٴ߹ȥ
и
ֲĳֳˣգݺݵǿи֮Ŀ֨
Сʶһ£ʲôİ塣
ʹֱ£иȻҪȴʤһҲǲҴ⣬ϣɢ⣬ͬһˡ
ҵĽ֮޵Уַʮͷۡ
һַʱ򣬲ûʩչ֮ϣȻʹˣǹҶ㿴ģλߵˡ
ĿĹâ·ҫ񷣬ƽ̨ϳ˼֮ܿ⣬ֻܿһɫâȫںδ
ˡ
濪ʼζÿһ󼫶ȳƵ·һǼƴϵڳ˵ؿڡ
ƣ
ž޴ĳһȣУɹâһƥֱ˺ѿռ䣬и˺÷顣
ɫ󾪣Ҷ۽Ƕһ͹˽ʵȻ֮ǿϹѩ
ĴңѿеĹͷҪǣ¡
꣡
иһȭ飬޵ֵ֮˲ͱ߽⡣
橽һΣٴεɳȥǶߵķݣһαɵĸԶɺѪҺȾ˲񷣬Ůû֮ġ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ֪ңΣҶߣҲúܶԴҲΣء
׼ɣ
һɫĹâ͸޾֮УʯϣһѿɲƣͬԵ
һȭǣش·أΪãһȭˣҲֻܡ
橱޿ɱܣ޽ĶˣһˣɽĻᣬҲʧȥ
վԭأޱϲ˫ͻȻֵӡǣ֮Уɢһƣ·θ߲١
ȻԶԶһ橵֮УƾһǺ֮žԶ֮Уһǳڻѡ
ԴԴϵǳ֮ɢִأòΪ֮һʲôѵ橻Լʵ
̫֮橲򵥣ǰпҲһλתϧԶԼǲԼǰˡ
ĽװиҶ㴫֮УȻ̫ŵʮֺ
ѹܲи
Ҷ˵ͷиԭҶ㿴ȱȫҲ򲻵ʮ֮һ׵Ľ֮򣬹Ҳһڤڤ֮еָǱʶǰ䡣
Ϣͷųһ̣ƺ˸ɽ˼䣬̫ŵýϵϢΪ֮һ
һֵֻӡ֣˳ȥȭײ˹ȥѡܾ˵Ĵ򷨡
ס˽һҲᱻˣп
̫̫֮СֻǼôһ㣬ҪڼһЩ˵ǿԿ⡣
䣡
ɲͬķһʱ򣬷˾춯صĺֱס˶䣬ǿľͬˮޣƽ̨ϵֱƷɳȥҶҲ⡣
ǿ
﷢֮û뵽ص֮
ֻһɲʱ䣬·ֻأ׺ɣȫﵽ˷۷壬Ψһ޷ɽ編
ɣ
Ȼ䣬һȣղǵӡûĽŲֻϵĽɫâȥ
һԣҶ㰵橵ǣʩչ̫֮˿ӦúԽһǺ޻֮
Ѿˣɣ֮ĳԹӦǣˡ
ҶͻȻ˵ˣ֮ĶԹӦӦǣˡ

̫ˣ֪㶮ٻ֮ǽ죬һĻǣٻĻᣬǵҽ³
ҶȻĿֻҪǻڣҶлֻͨٻ
һǶ飬ҶǿҲ޷ĻǸԭϵˣʮֺݶ
Ҷɫ˲Ũɱͷš
ڵģ
޽磬Ҷڶ˵ĻһǶַ壬ʱˣ˺üˣҲûõ˻ʱʡ
ǶԽҶ˵ͬĻʲôңҶ˵Ƕǹƨ
ҶҲη壬˲ңҲˣҶһֱ˵ķʽ
ҰԵϰˣҶɨӣһֱ²̨˻ᣬݺݵıһҶ㡣
ҲԺ飬ڣ֪֮ûйϵɱھΡ
¶ЦݣȻ֪橸Ҷ֮ûжĽ飬Խնɱ橣ҶŻԽ
Ҷû˵ĿŽһȭ橵ǰȥ
̫֮ѳǿ֮ĩʧȥ˵ֵĿŽȭͷϮ
˵Ķˣ橲ֵҲ˽ޣڿҶˣһοôȡ
ŭĵȻΪҶ㣬ʧȥ橣ޱ¥Ҷһưոݡ
ȭͷԽԽûκα仯ֱӱ۾ȵ١
Ҳ䣬߾
ʧȥ񣬸ʧȥûʲô
ڴΪ橱ɵʱ򣬴棬ͻȻɢһɸǿµϢ·һͻȻѣ橵˫ۣҲһ̣ͻȻſ


1459 ٻ
˵Ŀ֮Уȭͷֻһ֮ңô̵ľ룬Ҳǧ֮һʱ䡣
ڴʱϱһɸӿµϢ·һھѣֱ˫ۣ֮УһŮӡ
žһƣ橵屣һȭʵ橻ữΪ˵궼ʣ
䣡
ȭͷӡȥȭûлͷ·巢ʲôı仯Ҳֹ˽ɱͷ
ɲ˾һƣѾ˵Ӱӣֻܿһ˱ɳȥ
ֲֿ֮ʮʱ䣬ֹͣɢȥƽ̨ϵĽҲʧָԭ
˳һӰӿ˹ȥֻڵϣ֪ûж𺦣ɫһƬ԰ףҲǽٳࡣ
Ҫɢ첨ƣѾΪ촷ۣһȭ顣
橻ˣ֪Ҷһʱ˹ȥ橱
ʶ橵ƣڸһƬ꣬󲿷ֶѣԪұѾԡ
ʱƣ橻ⲻˡ
ԥҶóһöɵ֮󣬹൹ΪһȪʼ橵塣
ܶԪ橵棬һ޸ŻҶֽס橵Ļǣɢ
һѣҶ޸壬Ҳ޼£пܱɻˡ
Լһȭû橣ɫĿ£ͷų̫죬ֱƵĽ֮
橶һ٣ֻش
ˣһὫķѣ
Ҷ֮УʬɽѪɱ۳ɺγһħ̬
Ԫӿȥ橵ɫڿٵţԽԽò˶ãͻ᳹ŵһɶ
Ҷʮֽȫľ橣Ȼ޷ֹĽŲ
СӣȫԪֻҪԪ𣬾
Ľ׸Ҷѣ橵ȫ橵ԪֻҪԪ𣬴Ѱµת
ԣһܾȻ
Ҷ㵱Ȼֻ֪һĵԪͻȺԪҲɢҶ㵽Ѿء
Сӣԥˣ㲻ѡһʱ߶ס
ĽҶʵһ㣬ٲѡ߶סˣʱ橻᳹
˵ϻˣ
ҶͻȻһŭ˶ԭأ֪ʲô飬ղҶһֱʶĽ׽һûסĽҲֻùԹԵı͡
ʱҵʶſʼ鿴橵һ鿴֪ҶΪηŭˣֻѡһѡԪ᳹׻
ѡԪһ޽Ŀκˣ޷ȷѡ
ٵĿ⣬ˢˢľۼҶϣҪѡҲкܶڳ˼ҪǻԼ
Ԫ˵ٶԽԽ죬õɵڻĻָⲻҶҪĽ
һ
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôȻֻ֮޷Ȼ橣Ǿ
˵棬Ҷó˭Ҳ֪ҶҪʲô
ֵһ̣ճ˲ƣ·ĩ٣ԤʾŽвõ鷢

ԶһħѰҵȻҶϣ˿̻˵˳
ɫһ棬ƹ֮һԶ
ʶ͸ȥҶϸϸ֮ԡǿ֮УҶͷԽԽ㣬ƺ˸硣
ƽ̨˷׷ס˺Ҵһ£ʱ򣬷׷¶֮ɫ
ǻȪ۵ı˻ʱȻҶϡ
ɫÿĵȻַ壬һֱûڳѯҶ㣬ûõ˻ʱʡ
һյʱ䣬ҶʶŴ֮˳橵Ԫ񣬾ݽֻʮʱ䡣
壬ٻδ֪꣬ɡ
ҶһȻƯΧ橵壬һˣƺٻ橵Ļǡ
Ҷ㲻֪ܾܲȻ橣Ψһİ취ˣʧܣ橽᳹
޽棬˿̶һƬžĴңǸż壬׷ױտڲ
תֶΣ˵ɾ˼𣬶ûм
һĽ橾ȹˣ˵ԺҲɱҶߵˣ
ʱһһйȥԽԽ࣬γһɫ뵣橳װ
֮вȱĻǣһۣ뵰ص橵档
Ŵ˫ۣЩţ⵽ʲôȻ棬Ȼת
ֻԶһ֮ɫû˱ǸȪ۵ı£Ϊ֮һذ壬ȫƬء
һսˣԭս˳ٳûг֣ۿ橵ı仯ص⣬Ѽܲ򼸷֣ΪĪİ
õɵ޸ĻָЩ࣬õɵһճһǿɽ編橵֮Уøǿ
꺣֮еԪɸղŵ𽥸ԭ橵ģС棬˿̻۾ûڳ˯֮С
ʱƣԪӽʵʣָֻһ֮ң
ҲľϣҶյ֮УϿв˻¶֮ɫرԶ
ԼĪʮ֮ɫ𽥻ָһ㸡֣ɫҲˡ
Ƶ˫ۣЩãȻղֻǸо⣬ûһ˿֪˿̸о̩ǳɹһ㡣
ӡĻҶ㣬ı壬һ죬ûһ˿
ջָҪϢʱҪ
Ҷ֪Σʮ֣ص˵Ҫһʱ䣬ȫָ
Ҷ磬ȵң
ΪԼɣеһȭоɢˣȫʧȥ֪˿ӦҶԼ
˵ˣúϢ
Ҷ˵еʬɽѪʧˣĵףҶɱɢȥ
սڼҶ橻ǺˮһҶչھ橵档
ֻһʱ䣬ָ룬սҪĿǰ״˼սȥ
һһҶܿӭ˵ĳ橣ûκ橷Ҷʤ
ʱҶķ֣ȫʤ
ȫʤĻַ壬Ϲѩ˱ȫʤ֮⣬һ¸ղϹѩֱ֡
ѩһδʤĳȫܣĶַǳǿ
һʤʱһ֣ҲΡ
⣬ھҶϹѩַ廹֮
֣һֱû棬ƺܿҶ£һսۣغҶܷ񱣳ʤ
һ£Ҷܲܶڣ˺ܶΪϹѩһֶ橣ȡʤ


1460 ɱ
ƺ⽫ʵǿ֮ŵ󣬾ʤֳھ
ϹѩԼַ廹໥֮䶼ûƵ˵֣ھҲ¶
ڱʤֻϹѩַһֶʤܴ󣬻ʤ
һһʤһʤһ˫ʵʮֽӽһѵĿս
Ҷ֣룡
»Ĵҳ˽֮⣬ңҶûʲô̫ӡ
ҶΪҲȲѣκˣѡôѵһ·
룡
˫ϣǿ񱩵Ʊ֪ҪսʤҶ㣬ǳѣҶĸͷǳǿ˾ͽɢˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһˣ˸ϼһץ޾ķҶץĴ
ҶͻȻ˳̶ȣһǵ͹Ҷʵҵ£ɢһ·Ҷ㲻ͬ߶ش
ս
Ҷò˶ĤʹĶ֣ʮֺҶҪȫԸŲһ̤Ź̤ȥ
һץ콵ЩϵķĽ֯һֱץ£Ҷ㽫ʩչ쾡¡
̤ͬ񷣬ֱһ˦Щֱס£ֶΣĪȻҲ˴֮䣬̫Ĳ֮ͬ
üһ֪ҶǿҲֱ̧ۣ͵ǰ£ǰֺͬӰķģ֮ƣֱҶĴ
飡
½ֵǸоֱ۷飬ԼеĲһˣһ죬ɺ졣
ֻһ²õķĴѿֱӱ飬š黨״
·ӦҶ㲻˷ֻ֪һΣһ·ӦԼٶȻ֣ܶǳ֮ѡ
սһ죬ҪȫԸκδϢĻᡣ
رĸ֣ܸϢʱ䣬һһУͬ籩һҶ֮ѹȥ
Ȼ뵽˱ÿҪԼĵƣͻᱻѹȥƺҶͼˡ
ôܣĴҵ˶ҶĶ֣
޽棬ʥ̶ܣǰľЩԽܡ
Ҷǿ󣬵ǴһΪһĴҵˣһֳԭΣ
˭뵽£Ҷ㲻ûа񣬸ѹƵ´
¶ܣ˱ˣһɽݺݵѹȥ׽ϵķȫ顣
ЩˣҶսֶΣûϱȫճơ
л
һŭ𣬴ϣҲɳһɫҲǼƷڰ˱
Ͽʼ棬໥ײһ
ϣҶͬħһ㣬ֳŲһţ·ضڻζǿԪǻ֮У
дӡ֣·γָɽڵ£ÿռ죬׵߸˴ҶҶ֪
ҲӣϾǹҵˣ˭ûеƣһת趯ܿռ俪ʼıĵڵ١
ҵɱ
˷һɱԴ˼Ҳɽ磬ޱȣɱǧ֮⣬ֵһ̣дӡһ˿Ѻۡ
ҶüͷһɱȻأһɹʣѶԸ
ҵɣ
Ҷ㱻еĺ飬һȣóħ٣ֱӰǰס
ǰҶʵ£죬Ҳ֣ʵ֮Уɱڵ˾Žٵɣȫܲİء

һɱƺһҶӰ쵽ˡ
ͻһĻòٴδ۾ЩԽܣҶôͨɣһʲôĹ̥
Ϊ٣ɱҶħΪһֳ
ɱ֮⣬ܣƯ֮ϣε֮䣬һ̣ҶͻȻϥ£ħٷ˫֮ϣʮָһΪʵʷ˳ȥ
Щʵһ£սֱʡ
ɹָһ趯Ҳݱһ˵ײĻ𻨡
ͣ
ѣݱĻ⣬ɨ䣬̻һ㣬ʮֺÿ
䣡
һħսģݺݵڵ죬ͷһʯҵЩӦ˶ᶨֱס˶䣬⡣
·ħ٣Ҳ˳ëף͸棬ʮܣѾѪڵϲϵİ
ͬʱһƥɱ¾֮ЩΪڷģţȻɢ֮Ҷݻɵһֻֻѡ
ҵɱȻ鴫۷ַ嶼¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫͨɣҪ£ЩѶȡ

ʥ̶֮⣬˷ҽʼܲסĺУʱ䣬ֱӷˣһɵӡ
˭뵽˽֣ᲨˣѾΪ꺣ܲסɵɧţ׷
ϥڵϣȫֵɹһ˿˿Ѫǵ֮вϵ
ԽԽ죬Ҷ֮У¶һƬɺ֮ɫѪɫӱ׵Ĺʣ֯һȵķģΪ֮׺գֱն¡
ţ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҵָƵԽԽǿЩΪһöö컭ꪣգֱ˺Ѳ񷡣
꣡
꯸ʵһѪɫײһ𣬽˲ƣӿһγɵĽɫ컨׹
顭
һһˣҶѪɫʤһ岽
ѪȻʧನδȥѪɫѪɫֱǼδ˱ǰľ󳹵׾
䣡
ЩѪͻȻըһǿĳǿķֱӳµϡ
ۣ
һѪµҶѪУɫ˲һƬҰף͵һѪ־һٲ
սһյʱ䣬ȴ˾ĶǣҪʤκһս
ûл似ûǿİ壬ֻ޾д裬ϼɣǱȫţΪһʢᡣ
ҶȻϥڵϣͻȻһ䣬ɱ֮Ǳ紺ϸ꣬Ϊ¶µϡ
ͻһĻò˴һΪҶҪնɱ£ԷȻѾˣʱʤ׷ӢΪ
ֵˣЩ¶֮󣬳һĻٴ¶֮̾ɫҶֶγ


1461 ǰ
ͻȻ˳֣ɱʧѪȾؽ
ڴʱҶδʧ죬紺ϸ꣬ѿ΢紵أɨÿһ˵ϡ
󲿷µϣ˶ΪҶѵҪնɱ
ƫƫֵˣһЩ䵽ЩߵϣһĻˣǵڿٵϡ
ղűļˣҲһָ֪ղŷʲô飬ֻǸо꺣һƬģ
𾪵Ļ£Щ䵽֮ղ˵ĵطˣ·ûκδһ
һĻٶ˳׶Ҷ۷ˣʲôֶΣǹҩֱǲ˼顣
Ҷ֣ķڷ
ں˼֣Ҷղųʤ׷ˡ
ҶԹ£κµƣЩˡ
ӵཻҶȻ֮ҲɵӣܿҶ㲻Ը³Թ
ܶԹΪ򶷵ʱµģһ³Թѻ⣬Ҷõ˺ܶ˵ָ֧͡
޽治˵˵ͷҶʮ⣬ȻôãϸϸҶÿ飬ûΣˣѰԱѡ
սδ֮ϵʩչĳһһδεĳײԽ֮˺ܴ
ĽԽԽ·磬ǽƣĴ֮УΨнҵǿ
Խƣ԰ƣƣĴңǧ
£ռݾԵƣƫƫĽĿǡ
Ȼѣһʤ
ھһ쵮ȫϢսȻ
Ҷĸֱ֣Ϲѩַ壬ˣÿһǿս
õųȫʤȻǹھ԰񷣬սʤˣս޽翪񣬻δֹ
Ϣһһ켤ɱܶ˽ƣҪϢر橣֮󣬼䣬컹ĳƢԣ϶ˡ
һҹ޻ҵʱˣҹ˽죬ɽʹ߽ή٣ʱǵˡ
˿ʼϲ²õΣֻҪܽɽ磬һжֵˡ
½ɽ磬һѡУҲһҫȷǿǧ򱶡
ֻҶɽţڷ磬ȥҲڻңҲ֮󣬾ڷ
ЩϢĽ׸Ҷģɽľ֪Ҫȷ缤Ҷٱ־ѰɵľǷ޷ġ
ɫʱ˶ʼµʱ䣬ӭؼһ졣
ЩδܽǰʮţЩ˿ʼ¶֮ɫЩ˵õ˴ûʲôҲҲܲ򾳽硣
â˸ҶֵĶ־ȻҶЩ⡣
ԭҶΪԼĶֻǽû뵽ˡ
ϹѩĶַ壬ھ콫ǰ֡
ҶӮˣȻйھ࣬ϹѩַһսҲʮֹؼ
ΪˣǱȫʤ״̬˭ˣھԽԽԶ˭Ҳ䲻
˵ǣЩۿˣһͷˮһ־˼ңȷʵЩ
Ҷ֣룡
ʮֿҶ㱧һȭ
֣룡
Ҷվƽ̨λã׼֡
һַ࣬ϹѩѾսһ˲ʱ䣬ɫ䡣
ҶˣҲʾ˲佻սһܺȻ䣬һɫƣգ˵Ӱӡ
һս˭Ӯ˭䣬ҪˣҪǣһʢ硣
Ŀ֮սǧһΣˣ֮⣬˵Ĵڡ
һң
ҶҲǽ֣ƽÿһӳڹ֡
ҵľһûκһ׽似˽
Ҷƽײ˼ҵĻ𻨣ҶɫĮȻһʵÿһϵĽ⾹Ȼᱩһ
Ǻ˳ϫһ㣬ҶϵĽԽԽŨ˼սһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣһƬƬȵķģӳ֮ɢ
ɲϢӿܣԵħɲ
ܳƽ˺ϳϵĽ࣬˽ǵ֮С
ҶĽƽˮĽ¡
ϹѩƮݣˮַϷ˸ֵʩչ
вͬȴǧ
ɳ۵֮ʵݱⲿ̫ϣֻҾţʸ
һӰգڵסҶߣýסҶٶȣƣ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
һ̣Ҷ·ϰŽٵɵΧѹǳ֮󣬳еս
䣡
ڴʱɱ¾֮һƣն˾ϣָ繳ҶͻȻָץ£˫£Ҷսᱻ
˱Ҳ֣չ¶ѳſ޴˲߽ĽС
˲䱻߽ˣô˻ᣬдӡǴиʩչһһС
˵ʱʱ죬˽̶ֲʮʱ䣬ײ˵Ŀ
˸Էֿɫ䣬˶ӱ˴˵ϣ˲ɶҡƸ
֮Ϊţǵ־ˣᱻκԼĽŲ
ҶѾͻƵħű䣬ˣЩĽ޷塣
һͻȭɨ֮ȣȭ籩꣬һ̣Ҷڿնһ֮
𣡡
Ҷһȣȭͷһͷŭͻݺݵ
ɫ¶һ˿֮ɫԼľҶû𵽾ѹƵãҶڽ֮ϣѵҲʲôɣ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬Ҳгɢ۳ɺȵƣϾϢ
䣡
ʢĹâֱֵͨҽһ˺ѿռ䣬֮ϡ
ֿɲĹڳÿһ˵飬޽ЩǿߣΪ֮𾪣ţһ֮ѽˡ

ɽˮǷѣıκ˰Ϣٳٲɢ
ûκγɣҶٴһ֮ǰͬһҶ֮Ҫô򵥣ҪȫԸ
ķҪȸղǿ屶ֹһƬ󺣣ϯȥܿռ䣬һﲻƵơ
ҶһαһǿüԽԽЩ͹ҶʵˣҪ紫ԻҪǿ󼸷֡
֮ϣһѪƣɱħ𣬷·֮ϣŨѪ꣬ѪȵϢȾÿһˡ
ĸ֪ǿƺŵʬζʬɽѪҶÿһս񶼱ޱɺ죬ϢȾ


1462 ʤ
¡¡
ܻһƬҶָأƮ֮Ӱ˸Ϣһδαܿĳʹ֮ˡ
ʹֵ֮һ̣ٶٴһ书Ψ첻ơ
ʹ֮˺ѿռĦɢһ˿˿棬˲һ㣬ֱӳ嵽ǰ

Ҷʩչ˴ôľ룬һһЩãֻҪסǧ֮һɡ
ɲսӰÿ˵񾭣һɫֱ֣ӽԭء
ƣ
гһɨƵֻסһɲʱ䣬ǳݡ
Ҷ˵һ㹻ˣ֮Ҷ㲻ʩչǶɱ似ⲻ
֮⣬ʩչ
ֵ֮һ̣Ӿ֮ϣף帲סˣǧ֮һʱ䣬Ҷ㲼һ֡
ııġ
ǵصƣϯ죬Ҳ˴أƽ̨ѾƲһսƽ̨Ҫ޸ˡ
ûҶ˸֮ˣʼոľ񽣡
ֻ·ɱɱ޵Уµţÿһ˴񾭡
ǿǿҶ㣬ԽǿܸǿļǱ
ԴԴϵҶ㣬Ԫݽߣһδεĳµĸ߶ȡ
֮ǰҶҲûʵŸֲҶҲڲϵȡ飬ǵ⣬һαһ
׵磬׽ûˣ˭뵽Ҷ˴򷨣֮ǧ֮һǵʱ䣬뱻
֮ѹסľ񽣣ս˲䷢˾ת
ԭ˱ıѹסˣ׵ǻ֮һ˼ѳܡ
һʱ֮䣬֮У޾׵縲ǣϹѩַˡ
ĳ˭Ҳ벻һ֮ɫĿ뾡һа취ƽ׵硣
Ҷ
Ȼǲܵģʹ֮ٴһдӡˣγһָɽݺݵѹȥ
̣
һĹâ˸Ȼ׵ǹҵĵӣӵԼĵơ
ҶҲֻԾһ£дӡ£ٴαѹסˣҶ㲻ˡ
̫ˣҶȫһ
ʱ䣬ôҴʶҶ㣬Ӿǳ֮綼һɳ졣
ѾսʤĵңڶңʤҶֱַλá
һдӡֱϣһĳҶҪһ£ӰһΪһĨǡ
׵ĳǰһҶٶȾȻ֮졣
˼
ҶһЦȭͷͻȻֱ֣Ӻĳϣ֮
飡
ֱӵ˳ȥȵӦʱҶٴǰһȭٴλȻʵԵ˺ǳȥ϶š
ֻҪ𣬽սҶ㽫ռƣɲǣҶʮȭһȭһȭǿȭȭ⣬Ƶûл֮
޽ҵˣɫ࣬ţȻ˱Ƶϣʵ
ҶЩӦҶʵ̹
ڵľ棬ҶѹĲ۴УΪҶܳԱ˭֪ǴûƢ
ֱ̫۸ˣĶ֣
ȻûܣǽԶ֪ҶѹŽǳ顣
ҶԽԽʢֱ⾳һҶĻᣬֱӳ嵽ɾɱڳˡ
Ȼ˲ϣҶ嵽ɾǾŽٵɣɾκβһͻƵɾ޵ˣֻˣܽƷ
֪ˣҶˣȭͷû׵磬ϴиȫûκƢ
䣡
ٴαɳȥһûôˣиһ޴ֱ̣ѹһɨ䣬ҪƵи
ııġ
һҵĶײиʼݱ䣬ȻСиʼ壬֮һƬꡣ
ǻˣ
ŭһ䣬ﲻԸҶʵǰֲ˶ˡ
ֻ
ҶҪ˲սʩչ˴ֻһֲֻ֮ųˣֱѹͷ֮ϣĻϣħġ
ֻ֮ųֵһ̣һ˿Ƿ֮ɫ֪ŤתˣһʼҲлᡣ
Ҷǧ֮һʱʱս־ͷ΢ı仯ӿʼб
ֻ֮˷ȥ·ָɽٴ£ϴидӡһ޿ɱܡ
ˣ
Ҷ㻹δʩչֻ֮ţ˵ֿȻֶûʹܿҶҲزٶ
սȥҲԳ裬ֶһʹ䣬һЩʵȺһ
ã
ҶջеƣָƽǱϹѩַҲսϹѩʤһսʤַ壬һɱ˳
ʤ֮ϹѩһҶ㣬ҶҲ˹ȥĿײ𻨡
սһ̴죬˻δսӱ˴˵ϣŵ˻ҩζֳɱ⣬ɢ
ַԼǿĵϣϹѩȵ⣬꺢ͯ˱ܲһϹѩ֪Ժδ˴Դ˼ǿĵ⡣
ЩⶼǧǰλãַȻռִǰĵǺܶࡣ
һĲԩҶ㣬ַҲЩʤ㣬ƫƫϹѩ
ҶϹѩʤ֮⣬ַʤ
һַĻ˭ˣƻھ
һֿܣҶϹѩ׷һ֣Ƕ˻лʶھ
Ŀǰͷºѡ
Ҷһǽַ壬ϹѩĸʹƻһЩΪϹѩһ¡
Ҷֻܴӽַ֮ˡ
Ϣһʱʼۿ˱ȶһ橶ָ֮橴սʤȡһʤ
зӢԼѩȶûʲôӮĶӮˣղôʡ
Ѿ磬ҶҪе֣վӣԼֳˣҶϣȻ˽
ԼҶʱ򣬽¶һ˿ЦЦ棬һĨ֮ɫ
ղҶսʤĳĿ˾ֶҶ㣬ʤǳС
ʱ򣬽Ȼһ֣ǶԸҶ㣬ǾͲһˣ϶ȫԸʧȥھʸ
ΨһĿ꣬նɱҶ㣬ӶҶеıԼβôĴ塣
Ҷ㣬׼ɣ
ȭͷ֮˲ûκԥ
Ӧ㣬ɱѣΪʲô˲𲻳ɡ
ҶɱȻ֮ĶԹӦһ˶ˡ


1463 ɼ
֣Ҷˣ̲ҵĻ𻨣ɱһ̣˲ȼ
ûκԥһײֱӳҶѹ˽֮ˣޱȡ
ַҪ֣֪ôֲ
ƴ𣿡
ҶͻȻ¶һЦʲô֮ħ֮ȣһ
һҶϳ֣棬ðһڵʣۣȴۣħۣħ֮塣
ԽԽûκԥһȭҶȭͷ쫷磬޾ĳ·˺¡
ҶҲʾһʥ޷ԶһɿɲҶ
䣡
Ѫϣ͸޾ɱ¾֮⣬ܳʬɽѪľҶͻȻֱضȾͨ졣
ǵŨѪɱ⣬Ҫ߱졣
ֻһ˲䣬ϵĹâͻȻʧɫķһڹǣҶݺݵѹȥ
ѪȾ˲񷣬ǽһղһײҪ
ÿֲΪ
ȵ䶨ſ峡е׷ʲôұѪģ·öй
Ҷ㣬Ϣһؽ٣βơ
˲Ҷȫսʤһս񣬼򵥵һȭƵ˽Ľ֮ôġ
ƵĽҶҶһȭƵ˽֮սô
һȭǻ̫Ĵۣ
Ҷ˵֮У޾ɱ⡣
ɫ࣬û뵽ԼԳĽҶǹʺһ㡣
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫ񣬸ղֻǶɵ
ǿ󣬻ָҲǿ󣬲̶̼ʱ䣬ұۻָĲˣһ㵭Ľڲ͸
ҵҪʶһ£㻹кͣ
ҶҲ⣬ûиԼɵûжԪһ򣬹ܴ򱬽ֱۡ
˲䱻ȼ¶֮ɫ֮УðһɫĻףȫ
ɼףҾȻƷ˽ϡ
ϳðĽɫâǽҳɼףܵ˵
˽ɼ׻壬Ҷܽ˵ˡ
ҶҲüͷһ壬û뵽ϻһڹǣȻˣʹɼףýġ
ȭͷŤŤӣӽϷһһ½ǣǵЦԽԽŨ
Ҷ㣬ҿĲҪֻҪɱ㣬һжֵˡ
һҶ˹ɼ׽ȫýĴ
ϻ࣡
Ҷøϻһ䣬ֱӳ˳ȥޱȣٶϣҶռݾԵƣĪ
ģ
һȭֱ˽ĺϣһǿķ֣֮Ҷһշתֻǻ˻Ρ
Ҷ㣬ˣƲҵĽɼס
תӣųĿǣͻȻӿ죬Ҷײȥ
ûĳЦҶֱ۸ı䷽ʩչдӡ
һָɽ֣ݺݵѹȥɲϢϯ񷣬ž޴ָɽȥһȭָɽ
䣡
ָɽȻѣΪһȭ顣
Ҷɫٴ΢΢һ䣬˽ɼףʵһ࣬ɼ׾Ȼмӳֵ
ûõģĵ˵˿ûãб½һȭ
Ҷضܣϵĳȭͷ֮˲ˡ
и
һ޴ĥ̳֣˽ϣʼиҶҪĥҲҪڹĥƽ
̶ĦݷᣬĥԽԽ죬ڽϲϵиһϸϸĿӳ֡
ƣ
ŭһȭиȥһػζ
¡¡
и𣬱һȭ飬ɼ׵ļӳ֣˵ɱκε⣬ûá
ٶԽԽ죬ƺҪٽս׷ҶϣƫƫҶ㲻֡
Ҷ㣬ʲô£
ɼףٶȷܵơ
㴩ڹʲô£бڹǣǴսһ
Ҷ¶Ц˿⣬ѾһЩŵɼȻǿ󣬿϶ҲĽ
һĴֻ׸κԪҶףҲס
Ҷ㣬ٲ֣뿪޽磬Ҿɨƽˣ
ͻȻвҶ㣬Լ֡
ȻвҶ¶ɱ⣬вԣΨвļˣۣ֮ɱ
ԼԹˣ
һɺ֮ɫҶвѣѰ·
ǹҲУˣҶҲҪ
ҡҡͷ֪ҶʲôԣвԣΨвļˣҲΪ˴̼Ҷ㣬潻֣ų²ߡ
һǿϢҶϱһڵħϣһθߣһħһ㡣
ҶͻȻ壬Ҳһû뵽Ҷ㻹еûʹ
ɱ
һȣɰȭͷݺݵɨ˹ȥûжܣҶԼı£ƿڹǡ
úã
ҶԼ֣¶һ˿óѵЦ⣬ĿľǴ̼Ҷ㣬Լ֣Žɼ׵ڣնɱҶ㡣
飡
ûлʽҶһȭȭȭԣγһȦܺݺݵĳȥ
һЩĽˣ岻Ծһܲסײ֮γɵľ
䣡
Ҷһ˺üԭزǵЦԽԽŨ
Ҷ㣬ٳһȭ
ûκԥˣ֣һȭݺݵɨ˳ȥ׼Ҷɡ
ǲ
Ҷɱγһħ񣬸ֱϣ֮ϣܲŹҶϢǣ
ħ
Ƭϣħһ֣ɽƺӦˣγƣƽ١
ԪҪ쿹⣬Ҷ˫֮У޾Ѫ֮ɫŲһ̤ϵʯֱը

ȭͷȥһ̣ܿͱûҶΪһ磬һҶ
ҲգۼĹҶϢͷ˷츲صı仯һͭǽڣڵϣڵĺ
ǿҵɱÿһˣһϹѩַûж֣Ҷ֮󣬲Žһ
ĿۼҶϣֻҶ㣬谭
¡¡
׵Ǳһ㣬׽٣вɾߡ
Щ׵֮ƽ̨ϣ͵һ֣Ҷը
ııģ
һƵˣ˵屻׵û˵ӰӣǺܿ죬˵ͻȻֿ˺ü
գۼĹҶٴγ˳ȥһαһǿ󣬽Ҫ˺ڹ澾
һײٴθ˼Ҷ·֪ƣһδεĳѾˣϵĽԽԽ


1464 ַ
ֻǶ̶һյʱ䣬ײ˲¼ʮΣҶ·޾ԪԴԴһ󺣣һɽһδεײ
䣡
һγϵĽɫâһ㰵ҲǸղⱬʢֱȥ
ʮȭҶɼʮȭĹҶ㻹ǲˡ
ûм֣˾ĶҶұϣʥһЩѷ죬ǿҵĳɺʥ𺦡
ûᷢұۣҶɱԽԽŨһ߹ȥ
۽ϵĽɫâҪĵطղʩչʮȭĸǳҶ㡣
ɫѿҶһƽ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
ɣ
Ҷ͸һɱħ⾳һȭֱ֮Уһһ֮

սˣҶ֮ǿýЩԽܣɼĵ߰˰ˣȥ綼ᱻҶɱ
ģ
һȭû˼˲пĴ򷨣ȭȭ⣬ÿһȭܽһѪ꣬Ҷұ۳һӣǿķ֮ǿгһѷ졣
û˿ڣѪȾ˺ʥ£ٴ̤˹ȥΪϵĽɫâְ˲١
ӣһӣ
˷ŭҶȫлֱնɱƫƫֲпķʽýܶ֡
Ҷʩչֻ֮ţֱӽѹҶûôýǿܽ˵
ñһɻ֣ܶķڷ
Ѫ˳ŵʣҶһȭͷ棬һ˿˿ȵҶ֮б֮
̤̤̤
ҶĽŲ̤̤񷢳ɣÿһһ£岻һ
ֱϵѪֹסˣҶޱǿԼ޸ָð˳ɢɭĹâ
ķѣ
ҶʩչķѣԼں쾳似˿ʩչִ𱮵⾳ûκʽ仯Ψһı仯ǽ˼¡
ûжܵĿܣҶٶȫѹֻеֵ
ָ״͸ռ䣬ǵ׵ռƬ
˺ڹǣһХҶڽǰ
꣡
ָǲһ㣬ֱӲ뵽˽ϣʱ䣬ѪӿһĲҽС

ɱĺУʹ죬Ҷָͷ棬ͷУʹ֪࣬
ᣡ
ָһ˺ٴηУһѪϱ˺ɼףǱҶ˺һѺۣȻ˿Ҳһ
ҹ£
һ˹ȥֱӹҶǰҶһ⣬ָӡ֡
Ҷ㣬Ҵң
Ҷ㾹Ȼ⣬ǹҵĵӰߵ֮Уһǹ쾹Ȼ˵棬Ҷһ⡣
𣿡
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦֱһ
ž
һѪӡһ˹ȥҶ˿ûֹͣ˼
ǻɱ橵Ĵۣ
İ״˽ҲЩţǴ޽Щǿߡ
ԹĴ˸棬һ۵ӣǸܵ
ǽ죬Ҷ㳹׵߸ǵ˼άǵ񾭣Ҷ⣬˽ϡ
ҵɫ࣬ɱⰻȻĿⶢס˹ףҶǷڵĵӣŭȻҲй˷ϡ
粻òҼල޷Էڷѡ
ַǿɬȻ츳ߣԣҶȣ̫࣬Ҷ£ƽϺԶΪ
ð֮踣ҶһȥȻˣҲ˸ңҶ㡣
׼ɣвҼ˵Ĵۣ
ɱ¾֮ˣ˽ĲϣֻҪɨ᳹
Ҷ֣ɣ
¶˳ȥҶ顣
кβɣѵҵ͸һ
Ҷתӣʵ
Ҷ֣˴ˣдѾӦеĴۣһǿԱ֤ȥ֮󣬽ҾѰ˵鷳
֤Ĵ֦ͬˣҲ޷
ҶЩԥɱ˽ȻޣҵıȻԼ£ļأء
ΪƾһңҾ;²ɣ
ҶûջسΪµľв
ҶǧҪᣬûв˼Ҳ㿼ǣɱ˽ٺһǷйеŭ
ܿԼ˵ҶЩš
ڿһǷ֮ɫҶƳ׽ˣ˼άȫ·С󣬾ûо顣
㻹䣡
һŭȣֻҪˣҶ޷ɱ
һãȻ֮ɫҶ㣬ڿŲϵĳڿ³Լ飬ϱʮָӡ
ˣ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫ˲
䣡
ͻȻһҽУɱ¾֮̽ӵʱ֪͵ûʲôȻŻҪ
ʲôϣӣһ̶һɶֱڵأҶŹ
ܶҡҡͷϧҲ˳ЦҲûʲô˲𣬸ĵʱһġ
֮ϵӡʧˣҶɱˣ뿪޽硣
ˣȥ֮ڲ֪һȡ㹷
ҶҲû뵽Ȼһٰʮȴת䣬ͻȻģȫ˼ʲô⡣
뿪Ҷʮ֮⣬ҶȻɱ֣ŵûǶѼˣɽ磬Ҳһ
Ҷ֮ûնɱҲԭһʧȥϣ͸ʧȥûʲôʬ⡣
ɽ羺ҪȷпἸٱԽԸ񣬳ڷҶֻһʱѡ
ڱʤֻҶϹѩˣһҶƻַ壬һϹѩ
Ҷַ壬һսܾھҶӮϹѩÿַһսһӮھȷǰʤһ
ҪһҶӮַ壬ַ˹ھԼӮ֣һϹѩԾ
ַһ䣬һˣлᶼûˡ
ѾϹѩҶ㣬ֻڵ
ʱһһĹȥѾʮ֣ȫ
ϢһʱҶվӣԼĶ֣Ȼַ壬ˣϹѩһ˳սʤ֣ʤ˳
Ҷ֣ϴڵµ飬ǸӦԼһ뿪
ַҶǸˣڵ磬Ҷ㣬һߣЩھΡ
Ѿˣ
Ҷһν֮ɫ鲻ˣʱȰ뿪ַһУɺȫֻԼ


1465 
Ҷһν֮ɫַЦһǼ飬ҶҾˡ
Ҷ֣ˡðһ䣬ôģ
ַʮֺ棬Ҷδӵ
͸¶ûˣְɡ
Ҷüַ彻̸ȥҲûʲô˵ġ
һ⣬ǲǵõ˻ʱʣ
ַһô˵ģҲֻҶһˡ
˵ûУ𣿡
ҶûгϣҲûзϣǳַ巴ʵ׸֡
ţ
ַʳڣ̵ȻҲͣҶ֮ˣҶõ˻ʱʶܸκεĹϵˡ
ȻˣǾûˣְɣ
Ҷɱ¾֮ϵϢһղŸһ֣ԪûĶ٣
Ҷֱ֣ʤһȫԸаɣ
ַû·һҪ£ȻһпޣҲǵӮҲǵԷһˡ
ֻҪһӮϻжڵĿܣҲһ֣ϹѩҶ㣬ӮҶ㣬ַϹѩγһѭ˶һ
ֻۼ㣬һֿܣַӮҶ㣬ϹѩҲӮҶ㣬ַ廹ûлõھ
Ҷγǣһ䣬ֻӮˣʸھ
˴ˣ˴ˣ
һ䣬˲һͬϲϵײһεĽٴĿ⡣
Ҷ㳤裬Ʈ죡
ַ趯ЩŮʼΪҶͣҲַȲʣ˶ǵţܲҵĻ𻨡
ϣ
˳ײһ𣬽һƣǵƲʣϲϵţԽԽ࣬ݱһ佣ӿһ
ҶԽԽܣӿҽս⣬ԽԽŨ
ַγǣǿʤͿ˭ܷӵĸãлսʤ֡
˶ǾţַһţϳڹңСõ˼õĳɾ;Բ͡
ֽƢԣ綼ɰʯ赲Լǰĵ·

ײһģϲϵľХ
ַֺϺϣһսһһȻֿÿһƼ򵥵ȴӿ޾ĵ⡣
Щģ֯һž޴֩棬Խ֯Խ࣬ıһ޴
飡
һԣÿռ˲ҶϢһδַϵİ¶
ˬ
ų˺ֿܿҶһХʮˬ죬ûս˺졣

ûͣΪһ磬ʧԭأдӡˣַѹ¡
ֱķַ¶һ˿֮ɫֻиҶս֪ǶôĿֲ
ƥĽѹĴӡһĨ·˺Ϧƻ衣
֮䣬ַ˷Ӧ˫ֿʼӡ·֣һɽͣһߣʲô壬Ȼء
һĻЩۿţѾĳˣⲻһ򶷣һʢ磬ǴδĶ
Ҷĵ⣬ַĵ⣬Դҵܴ󣬱˵ЩţЩǧϹǵս顣
˴˿̵ľ磬ȥһ֮ΪʵѴﵽ۷塣
ģҶϢ೤ѹַƣ֮ϢԶݽߣַγɵɽͺضϡ

ַһͺȣһ䣬ٴθı򷨣ڶֵ⣬ǰõһö֮
ֵʮأһʩչԲﶼһݽȥҲ޷԰Ρ
һ֣ҪסҶ壬дӡղŶԸϹѩʱƵ˿ʩչ֪Ҷ߽ܲ⡣
и
ԥҶʩչ˴иһβǳ֣ɵĹȦ֮Щһϵ
һｵһҶİ嶼ԽΪʮַİ壬ҪסҶ塣
ñһìһܣ˭ǿ
ͣ
һϵȴڷӣҶи׷ٶȡ
СӣҵʳÿգҲܶ೤һ
һֱĬˮľ˵ˣϴ˴Դųڶ룬֮Удľ֮䲻Ҳǲɶúö
ã
Ҷ֮ãҪ׼÷˻棬ƽȻˮľа취ҲʡҶ㶯÷˻
ľһƲѣҶһѻ
ˮľĵĳˣֱ֮ϣǣץסһ˲佫ľյһɶ
յٶȺܿ죬Ĳ˼飬ˮľС΢ɼͽԼһţ֮С
ַ巴Ӧʱʧһ룬ʧĪ˵Щˣַ嶼һͷˮ
ô£ûпҶ֣ΪַڼСʧˣ
˽ͷӶ׷ۣʥ̶޽棬û㶮ѵҶ㻹ʲôɣ
ֻҶһˣһжˮľĹ֮ͣеľˡ
ʱ䣬ʧһɶҶ㷴ˣдӡдиַʩչ
ɱһ֮⣬֮׷׳ַûȥ
ַȫˣʧȥЩӦҶһֲˡ
ƶַԽԽԭʵ࣬Ҷռ֪Ƶַúͷ
ҶһٿըҲַĽ࣬ҶҪľЧƾЩ⣬ҪһٽַܣЩѶȣæңҶȡʤ
СӣΪ˴л㣬Ұһæ
ˮľ֮еľֻ볤˳ʮֻ룬ܰҶˣڳһס˶пܡ
ʲôæ
Ҷһ֮ɫˮľҪʲôѵҪԼַ
ҶɲôͶˮľƣǵʱ̵ʱŻᶯãۣ֮֮ս
ĺôȻҪһЩ㣬˵С
ˮľ껹һӣǰǰУһˮľ꣬Сƫƫװˡ
˵ɣʲô
֮ˮľָ꣬ˣ԰ԼҶֶΪ
ʰ
ˮľȻҶ㣬ַ壬ǳղıꡣ
ҶûоܾҪˮľγַ֣廹ܱ֡
ưɣ
ˮľһӣҶ㣬ʧˣҶ㶼֪ܵȥˣ˫֮ԼҶѹҲˮľġ


1466 Ǭߵ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֵˣַ·ĳסˣȻ޷
СӣŸʲô֡
ˮľͻȻˡҶϽ֡
ûκԥɱ¾֮ΪһǣַĲϣµһַָ̣ɣϧѾˡ
ֻҪҶ㽣£Դͻ
һз̫죬֮ɣַ峹ԭأܲӴϢ֪ԼҶ
ʥ̶Щһţ׷ʲô飬ַʧˣͱҶɵóס˲ӡ
ܣһթַ⽫һøҶ㡣
ץץԴţ϶èУַȻ䣬ҲǱûУֱӱҶó˲ϡ
ҼɫʮѿҶ㻹սвŷֳʤַ嵹ãʮͽս
Ǳȫѹķʽ϶һˮ²͸Ҳ͸
ˣ
Ҷ˵֣ȻķʽӮַ壬ҲҶɱ֮һˮľؼʱ̣Ҷüˡ
֪ղŵ׷ʲô飿
ַЩģûᲱϵĳҶʵ
޿ɷ棡
Ҷ㻹ǵ˵ĸ֣κ飬ַܸ壬ӽ翪ʼҶַ嶼˵ִڵ硣
һ˿ɱַܿɱѾһˣҶ㿴
ɱ⣬ҪΪ˲ԣҲγҪԼ̫أ˸һûʲôֻͬڴѡ
ҶûԼ˵Զ˶
ַɫʱҶĻһ̣ΪҶ˵ûųһѣûʲôԽġ
Сҷˣ
Զһ˦ȭͷݺݵһǰҶ㣬⣬ǽ죬ˡ
ηǿȨһػԼˣػм
ĴңҶһֱԹ£Ҹ֮⣬һнңһֱͱˣȻû϶ԸҶ㡣
ӵܿҶһõӡ
ûȻЩŰԵȷЩǮܳΪѣһεա
˸ͣ⼸µദҶ̬ȿʼĹۣǲ֮ûгԹˡ
Գ˶һϵľ磬Ϊ˵ؽķڷ
ջسҶûַ壬תӣַԼվԭط㶡
Ҫӽƻˣֻһ֣׽һҶĶȻϹѩ
ַһѾûбҪˣӮҲãҲգڵ
ϢһʱչߣѾƻ裬˵սȫֻҶϹѩһ
˭Ӯ˽ǹھ˵ڶ
ڵַ壬£ڰ橣ھѩʮ
ˣλδٺһЩ֮ϡ
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ڿ֮ǰһ𣿡
Ҷûż֣ǳϹѩʵ
֪ΪʲôҪɱ㣿
ҶʣϹѩشˡ
˵ͷĪıһ׷ɱ˭ﶼҪ
ңҲһ׹
Ҷ˵еҪ֪ϹѩΪҪ׷ɱԼ
Ӯңһ㣬ˣҲûбҪ֪ˡ
ϹѩȻûлش𣬶ǸҶ㣬ӮῼǸΪ׷ɱԼ
Ե棿
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫҪսʤϹѩȻѣҲûа취
첻ɱ㣬ڷ磬Ҳɱˣһ׷ɱ㣬ҿԸ㣬
ϹѩʮţҲȷĸҶ㣬ڷһ׷ɱҶ㣬ɱҶ㣬ûκλˡ
ãԹ޻ڣҪǽӮһаУʵ档
Ҷ˵꣬ͻȻһϢһսûʲôԱҪȫԸ
ʮ֮УΨϹѩأʵǿַܻ壬ߡ
ɱ
һȣҶȳ˳ȥһԼı£ϹѩһԼռʵ
ƽˣϹѩôƮݣһͻҶĹ·κ飬ǰô΢
ɨ֮ռٳ޷ϣȻɽ磬ϾǷ磬ɽ磬ĿǰΪɽ磬͸꺢ͯһ
ϣ
˵ĳʮֺһööɢȥŮɢһöö컨컨׹ô
Щ䵽ϣͬö
ٶԽԽ죬˶ס˺ַ嶼ĶҶ㣬ҪղνԼԭأ׸
ָоܲãҲ˵ҶҪɱʱԣΪһţַ屶ܴ
֮ϣͬƥŽ趯֪Ϊʩչ似ֻĸֲܿ壬ǽʩչ˼¡
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Ŀѣ룬ǽ֣Լһţȼ档
Ҷ֮ϣ˸ÿһ·֮ƣӡɱ¾֮ϣ˲㺧ˡ
Ȼ䣬Ϲѩֱһʩչ˴Դƽ֮ȻﱾԴ
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ǲǺܼᶨ֮˻ħң־壬߻ħ

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ƹˣƹһҶ죬һ
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ҶʩչֱŤתǬı£ܵľһֶָΣľÿһˡ


1467 
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֮ĵΪ˲Ŀ꣬ǿߣ׷עӣǿص
ǧϹ˿̸Ҷ㻹Ϲѩȣ͸ѧĺͯһĵѧϰ
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ƺܲס˵⣬һѣس١
Υѭиıظ֣Ŀռ伫ȲȶսֶΣѾǰκһ
ĸ֣ѾӵһЩ˵ֶΣ졣
ƵϹѩ֮¶һ˿֮ɫǵ͹Ҷ㡣
гһ䣬糱ıԴ֣֮ƽԽƽԽر棬ԶԸ
һֱԭأǷ·𿴵ԼıģصСʱ򣬵룬ļ飬׷󡭡
һеһУȫֳǱԴصԪʼ״̬
Цˣͯ꣬ǱԴ̬˿̷˾仯ҲǵԼʧˡ
ΪνԴ׷Ķ̫̫ࡣ
ҶҲ⣬ͯ룬˿жʵˣ
ִԴʧԣӴ˻Լ֮У޷԰Σʥ̶ܣв˺ޡ
Ҳвҡͷ̾Ϣ·׻ôЩ꣬˿̲ŷ֣ԼˣһͿ׷ƫ˹
ֻǿֱ֮Դĸţһûиıԣ»ع鱾ԴȻ׷֮ġ
Ҷˣκ飬ǲΥģΪκ飬ıԼĳԣҲΪκ飬ıԼߵĵ·
ǱԴģǴӣƽΨһĴ
һ̣ҶƺԴԴͨ⾳ƺҲһЩԴ衣
ָо˵޷ԴֻԼ
гһ趯紺ɨϵһðɨ΢֣ʢ١
ܵľڲϵлҶıĶ仯ָıصֶΣٴˡ
ϹѩüͷͻȻ壬ԼʩչĴԴûҶԣԴ֮һ˿ذ塣
ܶ˶޽ˣرַˣ˿̲ĵͷǶϹѩ֣󲿷ֶƽһܡ
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Ҷ㣬Ϊ֮ұĲɱ㣬Ҳòӡ
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ϣôһɣ
ϹѩҲǲҵһЦ½ˣΣκ˶ûһѣûһˣָоôĹ¼ţֻһ


1468 ɽʹ
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ջ˴Ϣ˳Ŀע֮ϡ
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һ˾Ҷ㣬ǿҵΣ٣·ˮҶͷϽŲӡ
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ûκԥǳˣƷɣ߳ĸ硣
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µľ޴ƣϹѩͻȻóһöƣںǰ˻ΣֵˣͻȻƣһ˿֮ɫ
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תĺܿ죬ղŶϹѩϵɱ˲תƵҶϡ
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ѳ˵ǰ棬ȻЩɵϹѩҲǼɵϹѩֻǸһӶѡ


1469 Ҷ
䣬ڳÿһĶҴһ£׷ױտڲ
ֻڿҶҪˣȻǾҶ㣬ϣҶ
Ϲѩɫ࣬Ȼ֪ԼĿǰʵҪֹնɱҶ㣬ƺܡ
ˣһĬ֮ɫ֪˼ʲôνɽ磬ǶԻǴ
ҪնɱҶ㣬̲סˣ׷Ҫȴ޷ƽ̨Ĵ
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Ҷ㼴ҪںУϹѩ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫͻȻɳһ⣬ʱ䣬ܿռһѿ
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ʵģʱ̰ϸһɲ׵磬ǿռĦĺ൱ڵؿ˶һ


1470 
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ܶ˴ħ壬ſʼħ壬ÿţҪһЩӢɱħĶ֮С
ʱ䣬һСħսһ࣬Ŷ⵽˴ˡ
ȥˣҶ㻹ûϢҲʱ䣬չһţԼҪ˾ͽƣں򣬸¼岢
Ҷ֣ͱˣʱ䣬Ǻܶ顣
ʱǸƽ˿õҩҲõĴ޽
֮УһҵĻζռĦԽԽԣһƲſڵϵָ΢΢˶
Ϊûʱ䷨򣬸֪ȥ˶ã·һӣ·üꡣ
ǻ
۾΢΢ʵ磬૵
㵱Ȼû
һϤˣĽ׵һֱſҶ棬ɵҶ޸
ϰףû
ϰ׵Ҷޱȼ·ʱ꣬һ
㵱Ȼûһֱɵάˡ
Ľ׿ʼɧȻûиоʱţĽ֪Ҷһλԣ϶ȥ˺ܾúܾá
лˣ
ҶԶĽףСףаŮԼˮľ꣬Լ̫̫ˡ
ˣϽָ塣
ĽײĨȥ۽ǵˮô꣬һοĽ׵ᣬһҶˣĽ׷ǳһΪҶɡ
ҶװûЩûбҪ˵ôߵˣ˭Լã˭ԼãҶ㶼һһ
ѵҶûʱ۲Լںδ޸塣
ôָڣ洢治ɵԼ˵ҩڶó
ɽ編֣ʼ޸һβϹѩİ
ϰףСĴһܻ
Ҷ㽫С׷˳һֱڰ˱֮УСϵƻȫָˡ
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ĽС׵ԴϣʼѲߣ֮ǰһֱҶ㻤סûʱ뿪ÿԲ鿴һ硣
תһȦĽ׺ܿһƬǷ֮ɫƺʲôҲûз֡
ôˣ
Ľ׵ı飬Ҷ㳯ʵѵʲô
ѹ֪ûпռ䷨ƺǱѹ硣
Ľ׿ЦһǱǧ֮⣬ȫ֪ںδ
żһа취ģ
Ҷ㰲ο˵һ䣬ʲôûһҪ侲Ȼָ壬ˣ취뿪
ǰҲֻˣҺûʲôΣգֻһƬУԶĵطĽҲȥ
õ˵ҩİҶָļ죬һãֻʣһƤңҺڡ
εĻᣬҶ㽫ݺݵٴһǿӲ١
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ҶЩң֮£ܺΨˡ
Ԫ񣬻ЩҪһʱ޸ܵĴ̫ˡ
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ҶСף׼ĴʮֹǣҲľҲе棬ûзЩľҲ֪ɳ˶ֻ꣬ڴϸʮֹ졣
Ҷ⣬ӦһƬ磬ǻû磬ǧûӵһ
Ҷôߣ·Ƭûоͷ˵Ҷԭشתѹ߲硣
˺ѿռ䷨򣬷ĿռӲ̶ȣҪɽ绹Ҫ̣޽ĺü
ȥҶҲʧȥģһǷϵʧȥѰҳȥļ顣
ˡ
Ҷ΢ɥһʧĵ˼㣬˪ӣԴ
Ҫģһа취뿪
Ľţһа취ֻǻû뵽ѡ
㲻ðοˣûʱ䷨򣬰ҵĲ²⣬ٹȥҲʱˡ
Ҷͨɵĵٶ㣬ĽһöɵάԼһöɵĶʮ죬ǧ죬ʱˡ
ĽԼû뵽ȻȥôˣȷһöɵάҶƾϸСҶжϳʱ䡣
ѹ֮󣬿ʼ©ʱ䣬Ѿȥһˣûҵ
ôЩȥˣ֪ǹô
Ҷ֣ЩڣûϧǣҶһǣߵߡ
Сӣô˸кòãŪ鶼ˡ
ĽҲԭΪҶѹ֮󣬿϶뿪Ҷ㶼ˣҲǳ䡣
磬һҪǿ
С׻ûɺͯģҶҪˣһҪǿȥ
ۺˮĿԼҶһ΢΢һЦǷ֮ɫһɨա
İɣһ뿪
ҶܿΪһʱʧ䣬һֱǷȥ
ʱҶһѰҳȥĳڣҲץʱȡմﵽɾ
ڳһʱ˻ʱʣȻѹʥʥŮľ滹
ҪһôףһʱˣҲ֮һ˻ʱʻ޷ã˵̻ˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˺ܶ·һֱѰһĳڣһƬһͷ
ɭ˳ǻԭϵԶʯʮּӲҪ黹Ҫء
磬ǰһź⣡
ҶڵϣЩʯͷСͻȻһҶ˵
վӣСָķ˹ȥһʱ䣬ڿЩ粻һĶˡ
ǿȥ
һһޣٵĳź׷˹ȥ


1471 
һһ޷ٵĳź˹ȥʲô
ƺ֪ܽ˶ãһ㸡ҶǰһŻ棬ɢ΢Ĺâ
ȴһ㲻ۣʮͣϺ㣬һɵʰסˣֱ治ʲô
һ㿿ʲôΣգֱӳɱ¾֮ʱ׼
âˮ״СϿУĵʲô
óɱ¾֮һ͸ʵУûʲôɱ¾ֱ֮͸˽ȥ
·ףɱ¾֮оտҲҶһͷˮѵʲôҲûУǺӺζ
ջɱ¾֮⻹ڣȻֵʰ档
ֻðսȥˡ
Ҷɱ¾֮׼ԣҲǰ취ֻҪһҶͲŹ
֣һ˽ȥûʲôΣգЩʽҶһ͸ȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ㿴һɵ硣
һ



ʮ
Ҷߵʮʱɵľʧǰһǿҵĺ⣬ǳҫۣȴۣʮ֡
һöͨӣմȾ··Ҷδţ˵ˡ
ӴȭͷСǴɢ
͵ĺ⣬εʣ͸棬űҶ㷢֡
ʲô
ƯԼǰӣҶһͷˮ㲻ʲô
ϰף֪ʲô𣿡
ϰ׼ʶ㣬Ҳ֪һЩ
ϰ˳վҶļϣҲöƮǰĺɫӣڳ˼ƺڻ䡣
ӡ𣿡
ϰ׳˼һյʱˣҶ㲻ʵ
е㣬ǲȷ
ĽֱۣҶϣЩȷϾĶ˭ܲµõ
˵˵
ҶûżȥöӣʲôΣգҲĽڽ
ûв´Ӧһö飬ΪƬûгͣº޷ƬΪһ壬һֱƯ
Ľײ²⣬ȷֻǴһЩżϿ
飿
Ҷɻˣʲôѹû˵
ҲϹʱһֺıܶ½ڳ֮ǰἤǿۼһγһöӣ½γɵһ̣½֮УΪǺˣȶ½𽥱һ硣
Ľ׽ͣǰöǲǺ黹дȶ
˼һֱûгͣԺûڵƬ½֮УһֱƯ
ҶĽ׻˼ʵ
пܣĽ׵˵ͷ
СӣǺ飬ǿǱ֮൱һ磬ͻưɾͿˡ
ĽЩС˷ܣҪǺ飬ǿϱȻδͣڵҶ˵ǾǷǳĲƸˡ
𣿡
ҶվһֱҲͻưɾһͻưɣͨˣһս֮ˣһ
ȻڻûнӴָ߶ȣܶߣһֱӻһǿӶǺˣƬԼΪ
Ľ׽˺ܶǺ˵Ķǳ͵ĺ飬֪Ҫǰöǿٱ
͵Ǻ˼ֵ޷֣Ҫϧ֮еǺ˼٣УҲǳ޷ȡ
Ҷһ־ͻһʲôֶΡ
Ҷɽһ־ͻһ򣬹˶޷
˵Ĵ֮УûǺ˴ڡ
Ҷʮֺ棬Ҫ֪ĴûǺ˳֡
˵УҲȾָڵмҪʯҽܴڵ£Ҳﲻȡ
ʧȥǺˣĴ򳹵׻㲻ļΪʧȥǺˣһɡ
Ľ֪Ҷʲô⣬ȻĴǺˡ
ٺ٣ֻʡ
ҶεЦЦǺǺöȷ˼ҪһöǺˣǿԲ˾ˡ
øԶˣãıһǺ˰ˣ˵֮лл飬άһƬ棬ı۶Ѿá
Ľ״Ŵ鲢ϡ棬ǧ磬ж򣬺֮
ǧ֮Уȴָ硢ħ硢ʥ壬һõ
ϻˣǸϽȡ
ҶҲϰˣٺЦ˼Щɢ˲١
ֳץ˹ȥʮһ޻ĸı̬Щ·źı仯Ҳһı䡣
֮Ҷ뿪ʣת뿪׼صס顣
һСϪԣҶס˺ܾˣ棬ó飬Ĵ
Ԫ棬ʩչʼ顣
Ҷʶһ̣ľ󳹵׾ˡ
ȻһС磬ɽˮʻй
һӰȫǰʮֻ׳ۡ
磡
ҶЩ֪һ类ѹһȭͷСǺϣʲô⾰
һȥҶȫˣϵ飬ľ磬ڳɶɾ
пܣͻƵ˾綼пܡ
˿̵ĴѾһţħٽ⵽˲˵Ĵ
ȲЩˣûʲôϵıħʳ
½һݣܶطħռ죬ֻмǾ
Щˣ׷׾ۼһɶ飬ʼħԿʱסħѹ
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˿ҲһħԴԴϵӿ롣
Ȫħţħڣټħ壬׷ɱ˽һ֣ħ壬ɼûŻ֮ȫԿħĶ֮С
Ҳ⣬˿ʮķչѾΪһţɾʮˣ䲻ЩĴţԸϳһЩš
ҶңƼңԼѧԺĵӣʮķչ뵽һǵѪ
Ҳˣ޷ѩ˪ʮ꣬ʮּѣȫѪڴϡ
ûĸҲ˵Ľ졣
ˣʮˣûгأȫʧˡ
ˣÿԾƽǱ͵ק˼ɱħĶ飬Ż˱˵顣
ΪǽеķŭйħϣɱǵĶԽԽ󣬺ܶԸ齨ħСӡ
ʼʮˣˣһɫ֣󲿷ֶǷڻк¼Լ֮еˡ
Ϊ˼Ҷ㣬ǽֻħСΪ֮ҶԢҶһöҶһϣҶ
ȵķ򣬸ħƷ죬ϵĴħ̥ѵʱԽԽ̡
һħ̥ѣĩգħ壬᳹ӿ뵽
һЩչصϹŶ׷׳أŴ磬ʹѣ뵽˿ħ֮С
ȻħϮ˵Ҳһλ⼸ʱ䣬ļޱɾǴһϵð


1472 ɾ
˵Ǳ޵ģϵıѹե֮ǻſĽᣬ硣
ʱˮҶһֱĿ֮Уֿ񱩵ÿǺˮһϵӿ뵽֮С
ٴ֮󣬴˼ʮöѨϾ¸죬Ԫ
֮е֮ѣ麬޾֮ԽԽɶ
õ˺Ԫܵ˺Ҳ޸ָȫʢ״̬
Ҷʮż֪ʮˣͽ
ĵĻļԼˣûԼϢǻ᳹ױ
糱ۣʼƿ׼̤ɾ
Ҷοǣ߰ٶ׵뵽棬齨һķһͻưɾˡ
ǹؼʱ̣ҶҪûǿˣԺͻ˾磬кܴİ
ͻˣ׽ٳκһζɽ٣ǧʧܣҶͻƾŽٵɵʱ򣬾׽٣һͻˣ֪ʲô
䣡
֮д֮һ̱忪粻ϵһö飬ȫԽҶ㾳ɾ
򿪵һ˲䣬Ҷ˷˾仯һء
߰ٶһ޾ķ򣬾֮УֹǻѪ⣬εһ
ͻƣ
ҶͻȻһŭͻȻǣɾʣһ̣ܵĻ֮ɽ
ħʼգЩ֮ħգ֮УһЩطС
Щʮ֣ΪػδγɣЩ϶ȴޱǿ󣬼ϻ֮֮ϵ壬Ҷ˵֮УһĪİ
֮еɵɾڲϵؼ٣޽磬ҶӶöɾ˿̶ó
ɵʣˣҶҪŹؼʱʹá
ϵջķҶľ粻˰ɾ۷壬ʼ˾硣
Ϊﲻǧ磬Ҷ磬Ȼû׽ٽ٣ȥһ׽١
˰ɾ۷֮󣬲ǰҪͻ˾ôףҪɽ򣬻Ҫ˰塣
͵֮ţҶҪȡɽ編򣬷Ӧɽ磬ƺ磬С
Ѫҽһ㣬̶ȣϢĻǣ繭ңվÿһβɵ
ͬһ㣬ɢɲĤ棬һǱУһԾ춯ء
ܺãˣеĵƣ֮ܽնɱ
ҶţⲻäĿģǾõóĽ
ξ׽Դ͸дӡ⣬ɱ¾֮⣬иܺƬء
ĵƻۣ֮üĻ֮͸޾ֱӴɵ磬Ҷ㿴˻ı߼ʡ
ǿĽ磡
ջۣ֮Ҷ¶֮ɫĽ糬Ҫ֮˺ѣ뿪ܣ˶޷
ԭΪͻƵ˰ɾ˺Ŀռ侧ڣ뿪طǲС
ջڣʼϸϸ򾳽磬Ȼܳ忪˾磬塣
رǴԴҶصĶ˻ʱʼҶ㼸ʱ޿̲
¡
֮УͻȻһΣ·ĳֶӵð˳
ȷһڵħڿնħ̥ˣûһޱȾ޴ħ̣֮һƬ
˻޻ľȫ¾һգħ̥ظȻű仯
Ĵ򣬳ħ֮⣬Ϳ̿ЩС򣬼⵽ԵĴ
ߣӿ뵽솴ǵǿϣۼһ𣬻۴ҵֿħ塣
꣬ɽƺҲӦˣʼɽ編÷һЩ˿Գֵ֣ħʴ
ϾɽĻʯʧȥ˷磬ɽ˵ҲһֻԵĴֻзԴԴϵţɽܳʢ˥
طһ仯˶оˣ󲿷˴棬һЩչϹŶͻɹ̤˾
ֵǣͻ֮ûյɽֱָӷɽ磬ɽҪֶͨΣѹħٶȡ
˵ļ룬ħĽŲ˲䱻ѹȥħ̥Ҳǧ֮ǹȡ
ڶڻħ壬׼һθϮ
սһʱ䣬ӭһƽڣ࿪ʼؽ԰

飡
統Уһö޴ӡ£һǧɸߵɽƾѿ
ǿֶΣдӡӦôԲ׶ˡ
ջؾƣҶƾдӡͿɱɾʵʮǰȣ˷츲صı仯
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ͻȻ֮䣬ҶоڻζռĦƵԽԽƵ½Ų
淢ʲô飬ᵼ˾ҵĿռĦ
ҶһͷˮʵԽԽߣʹ֮ԷУ޾֮ϣҪҵʱշ϶뿪Ƭ硣
Сӣһ緢ش飬ظַ˱仯ǱץʱѰѷ졣
ĽҶ㣬ռƵײһ淢ش顣
Ҳôģ
Ҷ˵ͷٵĴǿ֮ϣֻҪѷ촦ϸۿ
ϧЩѷ̫ϸСҲӴϸҶ޷ᴩȥ
խѷ죬ֻͷ˿ңֻӶɲȥ˵һˡ
һҵ
ҶϢʱ䣬ǿ֮һѰңѾ֪ȥ˶ãˣſС׵Ϣһᡣ
ָ֮󣬼Ѱңոһգ긴һ꣬Ӳ֪ҶϣʱޱȵĲɣ
ҲǶʮǰǸˣʮĳҶ⣬˳ı仯
ʣԣʮʱ䣬õ˺ܺõĥ
Щ꣬ҶҲ˲飬ϸĽ׽ǰһЩĵطһ
ǰһֱæûʱۿ鼮֪ʶºܶطס
⼸ʮʱ䣬Ҷ˺ܶĵãȳȥ֮󣬽ˣϣԺ
һЩ似ЩҶʮѪŵ֮Уһ󱦲ء
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һζЩѷ֮УܶռƬĦԽԽһγκһΡ
ȥǱ߿ղĦǱߴ
һԾҶʧԭأղĦ˹ȥ
һ֮ϢľٴγֳҪȶʮǰ
Ϊܶصı׷׳š
Ȼ˼ˣȴ˸ǿߣĴ򣬴ﵽǰ۷塣
ӵм˵Ĵ˵ʧˣھţһë
˿̣Ҳ⵽ǰδеĽѣ˾ͽˡ
طı䣬Ҳܵѹħ̥֮˾ͽ潫ìͷֱָ˾ˡ
һƺȥػ˵ĽɫַһĻζʱܱҶʮǰõ󷨡
ھ˵ֻͬ飬˭Ҷ˾ͽ塣


1473 ˳
ܶǿߴɹۿα
ʮ꣬˳ΪһţĲŬ
ʮʱ䣬Դӹ˴󣬾Է鷢
ظַ˱仯˲ܵƣޱȼ̣ӽ޽磬ֱӵ˿֡
˾ͽʮǰΪҶ㣬⵽ǰδеĴ˾ͽǻҶ⣬лᴳǰʮ
Ϊ˾ͽʧأ峤ں¼壬ޣ˶ʮꡣ
Ϊظַ仯˾ͽҳ֣һ֣ͻᱻɽ֪пֱӷɽ֮С
Ǵ˿̣ǲҪˣһˣͿԺɨˡ
ɾҲֵһˣһƷɣ͵ȵˡ
䣡
һƣϿյĹԽԽѾղôҫۣʱѡ
ʧȥ˹֣˽һ϶ᱻ˵Ĩƽ
ڵ˸ˣȴֹǰԵôС
¼Ĭˣ֣ȴ޴֣˵̫ɲɾѹ޷塣
˾ͽһִգ£ɢ棬ÿһ
ҶСȻ㿴ˣǽҪ˿˾ͽ³ҪΪ˾ͽȥᡣ
˾ͽҶ㲢İ޽ʱҶݵĽһΣʱֻһѡ
٣ܴ֮⣬ЩʵС֮ŵɪɪ
ڵأ̧ͷ˵ԽƬء
УȻټû˲֣˭ҲΪһȥţһǿˡ
¡һνһΣһƬྲ
վڹ㳡֮ϣ˫ĿעӲ񷣬ʮʱ䣬Աһࡣ
󲿷ֶѪҺҶѪƼѪӳһ𣬾֪Ҷҳһ棬ǾҶ㡣
ҶҾûл𣬷ʤޱϲûо֮ɫ֮УӣǺޣԼػһִļҵ
첻Ϊ
ʵɨƽСš
Щ֮ˣʱ˿̣ˣ侮ʯ
ʮ꣬˰˺ܶˣϣؼʱ̣վ˭֪侮ʯ˾ͽһˡ
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ʮƳˣɽڼزסȻѣһ㱣ʧˡ
۾ɺ죬˲ˣļ˶ˣǶԲҶ֪֮
һݶӳˣɵУ˾ͽǰȻսҲϧ
˾ͽƥ򣬽˾ˣֻҪڣһ죬Ὣ˾ͽ峹ײ
ʱʮ꣬˶ţҶ㻹û
ʮļˣ˿Ҳ˵꣬ʵǳǿһݶӣǰ档
ͷӲ˵ҶˣûκεңǶҪ
˾ͽЦһһȥвԼ˵Ҷˣţ˾ͽҲ£룬ǵҶ棬նɱˣŽޡ
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬飬솴ǺþûôˣǵϴΣҶ㿪ᣬǰΧۡ
ʱ꣬ȻΪҶ㣬׷ĩƺÿһ飬Χ
¹ȥ˶ʮ꣬ҶȻ޷ȥ¸ˮ档
ʮʱ䣬̫ţҶ˭ͱˣֻ֪
ܶŵѹͿҶ㣬ֻǺܶ˽˶ѣ⼸ħ彻֣ЩŶѪ𣬲ҵĻ䣬ȻƲҶ㡣
ʮһѭҲһ˵Ĳ֪࣬Ҷ֮Ҳ
ˣ׷棡
һ˳˳ȥǧˣԸ˾ͽһˡ
ȥ
˾ͽһȣһö޴ӡˣֱӳǧ˺ɨȥ
顭
Ů׷׻ΪѪˮڴϣѪȾ˲񷣬ҲȾ˴ء
Ҳ̶ãǧ˳ȥ˴룬ûģҲˡ
û˺ˣûк£Ȼԭأڶ˳һأ˾ͽ̤Ļᡣ
ʬѻҲҪ˵ϡ
ǰ̵˳Ա˳Ĭˣûмš
κţ뻮һ·ÿ˶һᶨ֧ǡ
ʬԽԽ࣬ѻɽ˵ɽŴ
ۿЩ˳Ĭˣо﷢࣬Ƿɬ
ԭΪֵģеѣģι˾ͽǰ
ҲˣȻҶϱļϣϣҲһֿС
ǿʲô˼ţûκʵԵҫ
̾ϢΪǲֵȫѡߣαΪһȥʮ˶
һ־Ҷ֮ѾԣԸΪеһԱ
һɾĸ֣Ȼ˵Ļ
ͬУˣҳϵˣţЩˣΪһЩĿģֶΣţɸʬһ㡣
һ
ڶ

ˣҲһμǧǧģϾ֮УһСˡ
ʬɽѪӡ
ƽĿż廹˳Աǰ̣ޱϲ·ϵ˻һһ㡣
ֻǿϧһִˣҪߵͷˡ
صĸԽԽԣζٶҲڼӾ磬Щԭδֵλ棬ʼ¶
ܶطṳ̂磬Ҳ귢չһؾΪΪ֮ء
˾ͽЦˣǳ֣ƾһˣͿԺɨˡ
岨˳Ȼǧˣųţֵ˾ͽǰĽŲ
ԽԽ࣬ѻһСɽ壬ֱҲ̶á
ʧȥĸģʧȥɷʧȥӣʧȥŮûп
岨ʱ򣬵ٴţ׼赲һҲҪ⣬Լļˡ
˿ˣȻҶҲϣ˲ֻ벻Ľ֣˰벽
˾ͽɫҲ΢΢ɫɱˣΥͣˣմȾ̫ѪȣԼΪûʲô̫İ
ˣûк֮·ҪնɱҸȼ
µĲʵôǿ󣬶ǵһԿɲ֮һֻѵϻݺݵҧ֡
䣡
ӡ£Ѫ裬岨˴
˶ѻһʲôĹ⾰˸ħ彻֮⣬Ĵ򣬼ʮҲû˶ˡ
׷ݵϴΣǶʮǰ丮һҹ֮䣬ʮˣҲļ¼
¼Ҫд˼ˣ᳹˾ͽ
ˣɱ
˴󲿷ֶУŻеӣ׷˾ͽ֮֡


1474 
ҵľѾ˿ȥˣԼ¼һЩϷ׷׷˳
˾ͽ棬ʿɶֹɣ˵նɱˣƽϢеķŭαҪϾɱ涼Ź
ʣµĶ˸С߲һȺʮŮɣĶ飬˿ﶼ
ǵңǲҲһᣡ
˾ͽɱۣҪնݳ̫ˣʵôǿһҸȼĸ󻼡
ֻǷȰ㣬˴ˣ˵˾ͽƣѵҪǱ𲻳ɡ
¼˵˵˾ͽǷ̫̫ࡣ
Ǻ¼Ҳվ˾ˣžǺ¼壬ӴԺ󣬺ֻһ˾ͽ塣
˾ͽɱⰻȻȻ׼¼һˣΪ¼壬ŵ˾ͽһǧɡ
˾ͽҪ˺¼壬гϷ׷˳ֵ׼ͬھ
ߣ˾ͽ˷׷׳˫ʼԳ֣սĶ
ڳٶİɾҲ۵Ѱ·
׵ɫʮѿǷʮһֱˣôˣһҶθҶ㽻
˾ͽȻҪҶҶӾʧ֮Уһ
ֳԽԽأ߲˳ܶ˲ܷУֻܽ£ҲҪֵ˾ͽĽŲ
峤ǵĺˣ˴ѵӣҲκˣ˿ɡ
ʮƽ˵ûʲôΪˣ۸޹ˡ
αأ
׵˲ЦһȫԽ徫Ӣĵͳȥûô
Ϊ֪һЩųȥЩҲ۷˹
ԻңҲҪ׳ۡ
Ҫˣ˭Ҳ赲סǵĺˣˣûйҪģֻҪţʲôҪ
ڽ£ڰ˲˽ˡ
аѮ̫꺢ͯڴ˵Ļ֮Уûк֮ɫ֪ʲô飬Ȫ

飬˾ͽǼеŭ棬ţûһ
һ˵ûһģ˾ͽʮŭ
ģԺݺݵһƫƫ˲κĻᣬҲġ
һ׵˱ɳȥһڿѪӽ˾磬һش
Ǿ£ͯɵĶ飬Ϊ࣬Ư֮ϡ
ԶֵҲЦ֮ĵغ֮в֮ˣĳǸоǷ
ǶǺӰɱѾòҲ̶ˡ
ı׳ľʣǸ˶ʮ꣬Ӱÿһˣţһ
˿ЦһҶǰжôĳԹһ̣ǴҶ㡣
Ǿ˼ĺ飬飬սҲЭľǶȱʧġ
ܼžһƬղŻ˳˻ڿԱˡ
һ̣ȴĬˣˣǲÿģֵı
ֻмˣϻǴŶ֮ɫʮֽޣΪҶնɱǵˣǵѣڿԿҶļΪᡣ
һˣĴ֮£վ˾ͽǰ꺢ͯϰˣǲǣܶ඼ͨˡ
Ǵ½ΪûôʮȥˣѾ˱ˡ
仯û䣬û䣬ִû䡭
˾ͽƥס˻ˣ˵ľҲ쳹նɱǣһҲնɱǣֻǱһѡ
ͻȻˮű⣬ʮʹЩһǸѪԵϵ
Բǣһ·ߺãߵ䶼ǹµ˵磬һˡ
Ļ˻Ͼþûصò֮ᣬġ
ϻˣɣ
˾ͽø䆪ȥҪսȥ¶Ӱ졣
նɱ꺢ͯҪô
˵ǧϹͨˣնɱһ꺢ͯҪܼѹ
ˣŮףѻһɸߵľɽ֫бۣʬɽҰȫһ޵
˵࣬ԶһЩħǿ߼֮У¶һ˿Ȼ
ʵħǿ£ħֻһֻռ磬岻
ħڲģɱǳŽᡣ
Ψ࣬ΪΪ໥ɱ֣֮ͬжڷ
̤ĽŲ仳ﻹһͯƽʱʱͯˣ
ҶĸվߣƽŭҲˣƺֽѡ
ʹ˶ʮ꣬ڿԽˣȥԼĶӣú¡
ŲԽԽ˾ͽ¶һ˿ѿ֮ɫͣڰϣٳû¡
£˽ȫһʣ
ס֣
Ȼ֮䣬ɳһӰӣ󽿺ȣˡ
ԭأǽ췢飬Ǳĳ˲ˣǻŻʲô˼һ׷棬ÿԽˡ
ʮ꣬һĶޱȼѣޱʹ࣬Ϊһغĥҹҹ
òδ䣬֮Уøһɱ֮
Щ꣬ǽеķŭȫϣ˼Ũɱ¾֮
ãԭһѹȻǳˣÿһȥǸС֡
ҶŮˣɱǣǽޣһҶ㸸ĸҶӣЩ˲ĳˡ
ףĸףˣ
Щ꣬ѳƺΪףҶĸΪĸףܽΣһӶҶŮˣٱˡ
ǡ
俴ǳ֣һ˿ʹ֮ɫЩ˶Լӵĺ֪ҲҪԼһᣬﲻ̡
ѾҶˣѣܶԹ
££޽ǵ㷢ҲֵĽѡ
ûһ𹲴
˷׷׸ͣȻҶ㲻ˣѣǵȻܹ͵
ãĺöϱ
һ̣ǣܽΣһ̣ǾƼҵˣҶŮˡ
վ˾ͽǰ飬ÿһ˱ĮŨŨĺ⡣
ܺãǾͶɣ
һȺˣ˾ͽ¶һ˿Цһӣƻ£ǿķѹ޷̧ͷ
ֻʱ⣬˳ػޱϲĵȵ١
ھƿҪµһ̣֮ϣͻȻһǣʣ˶ע⵽ˡ


1475 Ҷ
ƻ£Ѿ˲ģֱӱ˫ۣĺͯڷ
ھƿҪµһ̣֮ϣͻȻһǣʣ˶ע⵽ˡ
Ϊǵǣֱƶޱȡ
˵ÿһǧٶȣǣԽһһǧٶȣľͻ۶塣
䣡
ڴգ۵ĹǵǺݺݵײ˾ͽľϣһ
˶Ʒ˳ȥ˾ͽ˾ͽˣԼΧķڻк¼ˡ
ھ˸ö˵ֱӱ˵ϣһɫҰס
ǿĳ㽫ϵĽһҺЩõ˼ӹ̣˳ֻǻζ˼¡
ʲô
Ĵδɢȥҿ巢ʲôֻǿâһƱƿһ󶴡
ɢȥղվĵطһӰã꣬Ǽʮ궼ûϴһ
ߣɱ
ֱ˺Ѳ񷣬ܵĿռһѿܲסһֱ֮Ŷ䣬ĲҽС
һɫ֮ϣ÷εӺ棬ܿʧص档
ֿɲɱ⣬ֱ˶Ӧˣɱ̫Ϥˡ
Ҷ㣬ˣ
ͻȻһֵĽĿùҶɱˣϤϢζӰֵһ̣˳
Ҷ㣡
ˣʱʮ꣬Ҷ
˵ԶֵЩˣϵ䶼һͷˮΪӰӱڵòУ˵һлҲΪ
Ҷߵ֪ǵϢ̫ˣʱʮ꣬ϵζҲ޷ǡ
ˣˣܰˣ÷ˣˣСˣˣˡ
ˣҶĸˣ˶ˡ
ǵ˶ʮ꣬ڵȵˡ
𣿡
ƺһӲˣ϶Щᣬ֪Ǽģ˷ܵġ
ףˣǳ̫ʹ࣬ӽߣȫҪӴԺҲܵκε裡
òȻ壬޷ı䣬Ҷ㻰һ䣬˿Զ϶Ҷˡ
ǳһҶһܻǱ͵δ֪磬ҲܻŻ
ǿռĦԽԽӾ磬ҶҲڻҵһѷ죬ķ˾ţ֮üŴӳ
ϵ·ڿռ֮Уѹɣ޾磬˺ķѣǿ塣
ҶˣڽͷӶЩ˼顣
رǲųˣǶʮ꣬Ҷʮİʮ꣬ҶİΪ˾ͽ湥ˣѹͲᱻἰ
ֻ
֮֮꣬ɣɡ
ҶֱӼֻ֮ţһҲӰʵʣֱ˵ϡ
ֳɫĵһҳһ㣬һֻͨˡ
ҶŤתֶΣͱ֪ܶûмΪһЦ죬û뵽ҶٴʩչֶΡ
ϵ⿪ʼ֣֮Ҷһӣ֮ϣˮ֮ꡣ
ˮЩϣֵˣһϣճϼһı塣
վԶ˾ͽ¶һ˿֮ɫҲֶΣҶϵǿҵ֮ġ
СӣȻˣɣ
˾ͽ治ҶȻǵĻᣬֱӳ֣նɱҶ㣬
˾ͽƥ򣬽Ҿ͵˵棬նɱˡ֪Ҳû˿вǾˡ
Ҷ㲢δ֣ˣֵһ̣ԶЩħ壬׷¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǿħʼ棬κħҪҶôֶħ
ܿ죬˾ͽսһ𣬴Ǿ춯أֳɱ˿·磬߱ʽʩչһһУȻѹƵ˾ͽ޷ٽһ
ǿֶΣѵҶҲͻƵ˾ɣ
ҶֶΣҿʼ²⣬ʮʱ䣬ҶǲѾ˾磬Ȼôܸ˾ͽս൱
ܣûгֹʮˡ
ֱӷȻʮûгҶʵ䣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ôͻƵ˾硣
ûϢȻǰɾֻʵΪ˿ֲĳ̶ȣˡ
ҶϢȻǰɾ
ֻʶҶ֪ҶھŽٵɵʱ򣬾Ϳɵնɱɾ˰ɣܷնɱˣһ񻰡
ûܵĽ̸ҲûҶ㾲ٻֻ֮ŵУǳˡ
ʬ壬ָԭ״սһţÿһŶǧˣмʮš
棬棬棬棬棬桭
Щ˶Ҷףѣ飬ͯ궼
ֻ֮ŷҵĻζҶһٻ꣬Ҫǳ̣Щǻصʱִ
һеһо͹һ
Ķü򵥣ǷãҪĻֹǿ󣬱ҪôһĻ꺣֧š
һˣ
ˣ
ˣ

ʮˣ
ٸˣ
ǧˣ
ٶԽԽ죬ȥȫţԼվߵˣڿϣƺˡ
ѾһΣ½ʱҶֶΣת
̶ʮʱ䣬Ѿһ˸ˣ˷ܵĺ׷׻صγսΡ
һյʱȥˣ˾ͽ淢һŭ𣬱ľ߱ʽѹԭأ޷Ҷ֡
ˣȫöô׳ۣӴԺ󣬺˽Ϊڡ
ҲǸڵһֱꡣ
˻ˣǵļţʮ꣬һ޷ĥ
ȫҶֻ֮ţĿ䣬˾ͽ濴˹ȥѹһյʱ䣬ѾǼޡ
˾ͽ壬˶Ҫ
Ҷ㲻ǽ죬Ҫ˾ͽ峹ײ
򣬽ҲҪ
ɱ¾֮Ҷ˳ȥһ£ƽİ֣ܵʱ䷨򣬷·ֹһ㡣
һеһУͷƽԴƽʮҶ㽫Դײ򣬴ʱʩչ֪ҪϹѩǿٱ
˾ͽȻˣһҲħıԴƽֵһ̣ɫ΢΢һ䣬Щ벻Ҷش֮ϡ
ٶȱѹȥޱȻɨ֮ռһѿ
ֶΣһУ˹ٴγ֣˻棬սһա
ڣҶԾʩչˣ廯Ϊһ⣬ֱӳ˾ͽǰָҡ
ն
һȣռһΪ˾ͽǰһڵͨһɽҶ


1476 
ԽԽ죬ƣ˾ͽ澹Ȼһˡ
ǷϣҶȫˣ֮߰вȱķʧȡ֮ɽ
Ҷ˿̣˾绹ͣڰɾ֮⣬Ƿ򣬶ӽˡ
ӵоһ𱬷ԽһƷɡ

һŭҶʩչ˴˿ʩչסһ磬˶ԭأ޷
ʲô֮Խسܵļޣ⵽˽޷
˾ͽжٶȻܽԭأٶȣõĿơ
СӣΪκβ𡣡
˾ͽ淢һŭȣ峤ֱ룬ֳҶֱץ£Ѿӵ޾ֶΣҪǿ似ƾѹˡ
ɲɱ⣬Ҷ޾˷򣬴ƺץѲ񷣬¡
ǿķֱ˺ҶΧԲǧ׾룬һ޴УҶģͬһҶۣƮҡ
и
Ҷһ䣬ʩչ˴иǿ񱩵ˣɽ編и֧飬޷в
һ޴ḥ̂ɨգ˾ͽȥ
һУһ׵Ҷأ쵱˵棬˵ġ
ΪûбҪ׾ˣǰ׾Ϊʵվ۷壬üɻκˡ
Ҳˣûв´ҲǽĳֱŲ˾磬¾粻ȣųٳٲԸɽ磬˵ûɡ
糱и֮˾ͽֱɳȥҶ쳹񷡣
˾ͽһ죬Ҷƺ¶ˣȷǽ˱Ų˾磬ʵжˣƾԼ򾳽ģ
͵ˣɽ磬Ҳǵ׵Ĵڣڷ磬ꡣ
Ҷһ仰ʹ˾ͽ۴С
͵ȵˣҲ׵Ľ˺ѡ
˾ͽ治˷̤Ҷֱƿ򣬾һϷ裬ۣĺ
ǿԴΣ˿˺ˡ
ҶŲҲǲ˷˾ͽ˴˶ԹսĿ֮սÿһˣĳС
ǧҲû˳ˣһһ˸˽֣ǵ߸
¡¡
ձ򴩣ĺڶ֣Һÿռ䷨˺üȻⷽԲ϶ᱻһա
Ϊռ䷨ˣħħ̥Уɽı˷˿ԳûҲȫҶ㣬ӻ֮˳
춼ӡгȵķͬɽ𺣣û޾񣬸ֵꪣ֮С
Ҷ£һöģƣХ֮
飡
ǽʵʵײһ𣬾һĢƣЩĽߣֱӱ˳ȥ
ѱ򴩣Ҳ鷨յ£
Ҳ
һ֣Ҷ˵ʵղŻЩţڿԷſ񣬳׵˺˵ķ
˿̣ϰˣ𾪲ѣһʱǰ˾ͽһһƣ˾ˡ
Ҷ㣬ǱεϻκβҶ㣬֣Ҷ½Ƕûմ
ǿ̫ǿˣʮСܵȥˡ
˿ʼ˽׷ۣڲ²⣬ʮ꣬Ҷȥ
Ǳѣǲ֡
Ҳ˲²⣬ʵҶһֱڰ򲻵ѣ֡
ְۣ汾ܲϵƼʮ֮Ȼò˥
Ҷ֮ģεÿһ˵޷԰Ρ
СӣǴԲѣʶһʵ
˾ͽ޷Զ˫ֿʼӡһƳ֣ܣһ꼴١
ҶͻȻҴ⣬ϾˣˣҲԼĵơ
ӡ
˾ͽһͺȣһ޴ӡˣҶֶ£ǳĴԸǷԲ
úã
Ҷս⣬һ˳ȥ˲ƣŵ£Ʋ㷭ǻȵҽӡ
ɱ
֮£Щֻٴס˶䣬ܲסҶ
ƽ
ɱ¾
дӡ
֮⣡

и

Ҷ㽫ֵʩչ˿֮ģӡɼ⣬ʩչޱȡ
ııģ
һѿ޷ǿҵĳĵ⣬˺죬ء
ԶɽѣУɽʯ䣬ݣһƬҡ
솴Ƕڲ˵ɽߵ¡
ֿժǳ̤ɶϺɽ
ͬˣھ֮ϣսۣҷƣȻ֮䣬һ֣ҶΪһɫ
ﵽ˰ɾҲʱƣ֮ס
ӡҶ㶨ϣ޷ѹһβݺݵĳ˾ͽɨ˹ȥ
ɨǧڶ¡¡һӳ֡
ҿ
˾ͽһץҪ˺Ҷ壬ȻҪ֮
ǲ
֮Ҷˣ޵еĴڣ˾ͽȻҪ˺Ҷ֮塣
䣡
˾ͽ汻ɨ˳ȥ˵˺ܣǿ˸أɨ˻ϡ
˾ͽϷ˺üȦſվȣ۶Сǣ㱻
һ趯˾ͽɨǿѹ˾ͽ档
⣬Ҫѣֻսƽ֡
ӡҶƵˣûκεѹڸҶ㷴ˡ

ҶսԽԽߣɫע֮£һδεĳ˾ͽ棬ÿһγ˾ͽͱƷɳȥ
ôܰ˱ѹŴ򣡡
ˣ⳹׵߸Ƕ֪Ҳǿģķˡ
ֻҪҶһ֣ȫƣò׻ָ˶ʮΪҶͻȻ֣ٴλҲ
ˬ̫ˬˣԭҲ޵еġ
Ҳ֧Ҷ㣬ˣһ棬ЩԺ׷Ŀꡣ
ĵĵȻ˳Աˣ׷׻ЦԭģҶ㲻ˡ
ʱĶˣȫûбҪģֻҪҶͿˡ
һδεײ˾ͽ۴УƴȫĶֻ֣ܱĶܡ
ȥͱҶץ˻ᣬϵøֵ⣬͵Ϯ˾ͽ棬ѾҲˡ
Զ˾ͽЩţЩԽܣ澹Ȼѹסˣƺа֡
Һǣôӵ֮
Ҷ㱾壬ҪԿ˾ͽ϶Ǳ˭֪ҶӵѪ
ģ
˾ͽ淢ŭʱһײٴνƷɳȥһľԶ


1477 նɱ
ײ˾ͽռ·磬ıƴϣҶ㼸ȫѹ
С֣̫
˾ͽĴԪͬҪ緢ĻɽŭХ˫ֲϵĽӡ֮ϣǽʵķҪҶԭء
̫ղɱˡѵʱ򣬺̫ǲˣһˣԷ˳֣ҽ̫㲻ö𡣡
ҶЦĿǰǷ֮˸˽̫ⱾһЦ
𾪵ĪЩֵˣӸղ˾ͽնɱ˿ʼݱҶ׷ɱˣһתһ۵ĳ̶ȣκд˶޷
ϵĺɨ˾ͽȫκβˣֻܲϵĶܣҶԪľ֮취֡
ʱһһйȥ˾ͽӦҶٶȸײܣ뾡һа취ľҶ
˸ζľ˵ԪҪǴȥ˶š
ʵǰݲǲţҶĳ֣״˵˼ά
ҵҪ㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
ҶͻȻûɱģֱӳ嵽˾ͽǰ׼ˡ
ղһ֣Ҷ󲿷ԴԼΪĿģﵽԼҪ󣬸˽֣ѷ꣬Ҷ㵱Ȼֱ˾ͽ֡
Ҷָ壬˾ͽ¶ЦΪҶԪľĲˣˡ
С֣ɣ
˾ܽҶ⿿˾ͽ棬ֻʮ֮ң
˵Ҳܻɱ֣οʮ֮ң
˶⣬ҶռϷ磬ΪͻȻ֮˾ͽ˾룬Ϊ
˽Ҷ˶ҶԲ޹ʷʸ϶ʲôı档
Щ꣬ҶҶ̫ϤˣϤĲϤ
ͫȱ
ҶüͻȻ˵棬һûҲûв׾͵˷ܵŭʩչ
һֱǿҶ㶼Լİ壬似ûм
ǽգǿǿ֮ۡ
񿴴գǿ˾ͽ˫ı֮˽ȥԵվԭء
ȫ֪룬ħһ˫룬ʶסˡ
ն
Ҷһŭɱ¾֮һɨ˾ͽֱ۷ֱӱҶնϡ
ҵʹ࣬Ҳ˾ͽͻȻѹϧѾˣղſҶ˫ۣ˻һһʱ䣬ֱ۲ˡ
ͫӰ
ʩչ˾ʧȥ˫ۣҲǷ˵ļʮٱҶ㲻Ҵ⡣
Ӱˣ䵶˾ͽиʱ䣬ֻ˾ͽϣֻʣһǼܣޱȣԴ
ľ˭˭һˣҶ޹ǣֻʣһǼܸԴ
ɱ¾˷򣡡
ҶһЩ˾ȫս˾ħ֮УǺö溬˷ֱӿʼ
˫ֲ˾ͽĹǼ֮Уʼȡ˷

˾ͽԴڣȻʧȥһԵѪ˿ȴҶԭأ޷Ŀķһʧ
棡
˾ͽ˷ˣ׷׳׼Ҷ֡
ʱڻк¼˳ˣ˾ͽΧʧȥ棬˾ͽҵʧȥĹһܿͱѹȥ
Ҳİ
˾ͽ治ףΪԼ޷ʲôסˣֻҶˮľĹ͡
˾ͽǣĲס˾ͽ棬壬޷ֻĿҶϵķ
˫ȵĹǼʧȥ˷֮󣬻Ϊһѷĩʧžزһ٣Ҷˡ
ӶֶΣ׾ˣҶ㲻նɱˣܰϵľħֶΡ
ԶЩħγǾ֣ħֶΣҶ϶˳
񣬻ྫѪԼᷨⶼħԣôϳ֡
ʵˣҶ㲻࣬ǿľѪķħľѪҶһ
Ҷ֮ħħ壬ʥˡ
˾ͽֻʣһԴڲϵ˺üǧ꣬ɣԭΪڷ绽꣬ΪΪ
˭֪ճȴһɱĽ֣Ҳ벻Ҳ޷ܡ
һʱ֮ǰĳ֣˶Ĥݣ֮Ըı£Ϊ֮
˵ߣɱ
Ҷȴܴÿһ˵ĶôԵôţƺڸˣû˿ɱһˣһ͵ȵ˶ԡ
Ҷ㻤ӣ˾֪ҶһҲԡ
ҪֵʲôҶһʮֻ֮жһ޶Ĵڡ
ͷ­ô޷Ҷצģεı
һͷ­ߣһ
ɣ죬Ҿɣұ񣡡
Ҷ֮ϣһǿɱɢϹѩȣҶں֮֡
ҶҪΣΣһ죬Ҷ᳹׽Ǽ̤ڽ¡
һ˾ͽԴһѿѣҶ뵽޾ֻ֮УӴԺҲ޷ת
˾ͽ泹ڻк¼ûκͣʼɱ˾ͽˡ
˶޷赲ҶĽŲҲ˵ڷ磬Ҷվ۷壬˿̲Ҷùϵȵʲôʱ
ֻҪ˾ͽһҶҲŹ˾ͽ壬ǲǰҶùϵˡ
ʧȥ棬˾ͽɥ֮ȮһûĹǣһҲǺܶ࣬˲ͱһա
ǧˣ˴һûӳȥ
Ҷ㾲Ŀţûг֣Ҳû˵ɨڰˣҶɨʧԭأʱŻ䵽ϡ
ĸˣ
䵽֮Ҷֱӹǰ

һѽҶӶ˽ӵһ
ϲʮ꣬ǲ֪ôģһɨ
ҶԲǣ
ҶǰҲһǸ⣬Щ꣬Ƿ̫ˡ
Ҫ˵ˣ㣡
˶סҶ죬˵ȥֻҪͺá
նɱ˾ͽ֮󣬹׻к¼˷׷׷ʼ˵ף
Ҷ㣬ǲһ˾ͽγϢ͸¶˾ͽҹߡ
˹Ҷʵ
˾ͽϢ϶ûɢȥô˻ᣬ˾ͽһγ
ԣǱ뾡죬նݳԾ󻼣
¼ͣ˿ҲһݣǴĤݵĿնɱˣֶΣѾ̫ࡣ
ã²˳٣Ǳ·˾ͽ峹ײ
Ҷûзԣ˵ֱ˾ͽ壬Ҫײ
һ¾ڼ˾ͽ徭ʮ޸ʵָ˲١
󳬼Χ֪ʧȥ˵ֵ֮ʱ䣬˾ͽ峹ʧ솴ǡ


1478 ħ
һϴЩҶ׷ŵǸڵǷҶ컯ӱ˳
ĵĵȻǷڻк¼壬ѣûзû侮ʯΪˣҶرлҡ
˾ͽ壬ӶԴɵʮöԴɽҶûжΪ˴лڸ¼壬óһֳ
ҶľٶӮ˵أʵǿ󣬲ûˣһ֪ͼ
ʱƽƺһǿı꣬ħرϴҶչ¶
ħ岻ɳ񲿶ӣǱܣʱעҶĶ
ħľٶҶ޶ãʱ䣬ȫȫżˣԼߵˣǰʧȥĶȫֲ
˫۱øӳ֮⣬ҶָòʥҲƣʽӱ
Ͼ翨˰ɾһˣֻһ֮ңҪչأֻ˳Ȼ
ҲһͲ˾磬һԴѻͻˡ
һЦ֮зҶĵã˺ܴá
Ϊ˴ڷչڣܶණһƬģûиָ㣬Ҷ㣬һӭж⡣
ʱҶ䳡̵Щͨӣϣ͸Ůһ
ǰ
һʮ˹ֱӳƺҶΪǰ
Ҷ̴ôˣ
ҶʶҲҶҵˣնʮ꣬ʱҶʧˡ
֪ͨһ˻飬ϣܲμӡ
Ҷ̴ʮֹ˵ΪҶҵˣоҫ
֪ˣȥ߸ףһ׼ʱ
ҶʾҶ̴ôţʵ֮Ҳ˶٣ڻ統УҶûʱǶȹһһ
Ըӳ֮⣬Ĳ·졣
ˣ
Ҷ̴ʮֹ뿪ҶԺӣȥȥˡ
ʱ֣˴֮Уи߲ȫۣҶ㵱ȻҲ˺ܶҶˣͻȻԼѵǷش
ѴټҪ
ϴ֮øӸֻоķ꣬ܳΪһ뢡
ʲôˣ
˷׷ѯʣòƽϢѵʲôҪ
ħ̥Ƶò˶ãգħŰѾкüŷϢҪ˳ˣһ𣬽ħ壬Ȼ磬пܱħռ졣
üͷ壬˵ΣȻȥˣΣڣ򣬲ˣ򶼱ħռݣԺ˸úȥδӡ
⼸ʱ䣬༸гɼȫһɱħ壬ΪѾкܶݣ
֮Уüͷ壬ϴħ̥ѾˣͿ̿ħ̥ҪѣŪû˼Ҳûһ羻
ʲôֱ˵ɣһپ٣һ綼ûˣǻȥ
վػԼ԰ʱˡ
ǰӦҪһ¶⣬ħȥǵĺܵԷܡ
һͣӧһЩ񲿶ӳȥնɱħ壬ħȥ
ֻҶüͷ壬ħ˴ٽ϶꣬ô׻ˡ
ʲôǵϴܲٿħˣ֪Ρ
ûмȥ丮ʱҶ˵ħˣҪҶ㻹ֶΣһ٣Ĺ¡
˵ĿˢˢľۼҶϣ˵֧򲻵ѣὫҶ
紦ʱ̣Ҫڲվһ򳹵ħ֣֮һξҲʧȥ
ħڣô򵥣ȻԿħ壬ޣȫƣʱҹ۲죬ħƺ׼вħɲУ˳֣ȻǺȡʤ
Ҷһ£˵
һʱ䣬Ҷȥˣ鿴˲ħռĵطħɵټҶʮֵǡ
ޣĸ֮⣬Ҳˡ
һΣǴ˷ɽ磬ܷ˵Ļͨˡ
ħɣ൱һƷɣħ綼ˣҶŵģŪǳԼ
ħ֣໥ӣЩ˼飬ǰħ幥磬ħûв룬Ϊһʦڡ
Ҫȷ磬ɽɳȻԵֵ
ҶŴȻԻˣҲֻǶԸһˣҪڶһˣҶҲֻߡ
ħɽ٣аԷ˼óȻȥҲħȦףȫû
ô죬ܲԴУɽô죬ûĿռˡ
վѾǶʮǰëͷСӣһӣ𱬵Ƣ˿ûġ
԰꣬ô˵
ʾ£ҶӣƺԲߡ
ҵĿۼҶϣһϣ֮ɫϣͿҶˡ
齨һ֧飬ħ忴˳һϢħ˼ħɡ
Ҷ˼һ£׼Լһˣǰȥ鿴һ¡
Ҳãʱȫûж⣬ҪЩС򣬴ӵ솴ǣѰӣȥ솴ǿɲˣ˿Ȼӣ솴һƬҡ
Ϊ솴Ȩ솴ǵ˵ߣҲ̡ܲ
²˳٣һһЩ뿪
Ҷ˾һʱ˺ֵܶܳ⣬ӦԵĴʩ
ڶ죬Ҷѡһˣ͵˲˵϶УŮһηǵҪţҶҲûоܾ
ˣԣаŮҶߵˣһˣǸ֡
ڼ˵ע֮£ҶнȸһЩС򣬽ħȥڴ̽ħϢ
ڷн֮У̫ϣݣħ壬ɱ°ӣ˼ͬһƬ
ˣǱСһ屻ħ׷ɱ
ָһмʮ࣬ħ׷ɱۿҪ׷ϡ
ȥ
Ҷٿطнȥħ幥½˵Ҳһλ
ˣ˲嵽ö֮ϣħ彻սһ
Ҷ㣬վϹʶɢȥ۵ס
սǳң͵ȵòͷˣϴα˾ͽɱһӿͷų
Ҷһǿ޼ɵɱħ壬ʱ䣬ͷħһƬ
Щ׷ɱļʮˣȣ׷׾ıʼһʱ䣬һٶͷħȫ𣬻˴ȫʤ
ˣħȫ𣡡
ɳߵҶǰʮֹ˵
ȥǰ濴ħ峯߸
ղʶɨֻдħ峯ӿ룬ÿԸһĻᣬȡղ˾硣
ɳ豻ˮ˷׷׳˳ȥѾɱۣ뽫ħϳ硣


1479 
ļʮˣ׷Ҷǰл
Сס󲿷ֶǶţ壬ʵߵҲ߽ٵɣֵסħĹ
ǿȥɣʺסˡ
Ҷ̾Ϣһ뿪ųϵ򣬶ħռݡ
࿿ħԽԽ࣬ǧͷħӿʵǿЩħ൱߽ٵɣǶǧһʵǳǿ
ԽԽħ壬ǻȳһ˷ӿֱ뵽ħΧ֮У׻˵϶ҧ󣬾
и
ҶһУиˣݱСиݣһͷͷħ嵹£ΪʴħҶս֮С
գۼĹǧͷħֲֿɱֶΣŵö͵ӡ
һʱ䣬ħһգҶ˼ħǰһ·ħ壬׷ױնɱ
ڼ䣬˸ˣҲ˳ô˻ͻƾ磬һηǳõ
;УҲ²ˣ׷Ҫ֮УҶܾǰ;գҶ㲻޹˸
ʮʱ䣬ڽȵϴαѹ֮ħ̥һֱڳ˯״̬һʱ䣬ζԽԽҡ
ǼҪڿˣԼȥ
ҶȣﻷʮϤϣǸһ룬һħɣ˭Ҳ޷ߡ
ˣ׷棬
͵˵ȻϣҶֿ׷ױʾҪҶһ𴳽ȥҶʲôΣա
ûǾԼȥðգ
ɳ豻ǻ񽿷׷ױʾҶһա
ǵĺ֪Ǵ쳣ʲô紵ݶ¹˼ɲǣԼжȽϷ㣬գҾͻˣＴɡ
ҶԴǺܼᶨһţ
ȻԸ⣬ǲΥҶֻýнͣȺҶ㡣
ħ֣ǲҪóȻ֣ڷн֮УѾ󷨣ħˣҲܵһֻҪֵһͿˡ
ҶԸһ䣬ޱߵĺڰ֮УĲƺȾ˺ɫһīˮ
Ѿ㼣ս֮µĴۣ֪Ҫָܻ
Ҷ㲻ǽԭܵǹħŪǻᱻħ壬߻ħֱΪħ
ŨħҶ˿ãһֲƷħϵɣ֮Уħֱ֣ա
޾ħ編Ҷ˳ֱ뵽֮С
ЩҶò󣬵ǶȴǺöյԽ࣬Խǿ
ӿ磬Ҷ㺹ëϴʱûôŨصΪһ֮ء
Ҷʮ־Сĳ
ѵѵ
ǻ𳵸ͨѵѵѰȥҶͻȻðһëϸ
Ҷ£мʮɫףĦЩƺǰǲ̤֮С
ÿһʵףĲȥཫͿ̿
ӿµǣЩɱҪҶϴҲӳ졣
ħ嵽Ҫʲô˶ռĴ򡣡
Ҷʮֲ⣬ûҴݾߣ⼸ʮͷƤ飬һȥȻҶ㶼޷
ԼϢȫܿʧԭأ룬ǰǴϢûŸħ潻档
ΪһֱߣҶϵħ壬вʬǣѻɽ
ץΪʳԶǧ˱ᣬĿħ彫Լͬߣǵ棬һԵ
Ů٣һ
Ҷ㰵̾ϢһħսȲĿ϶ЩͨˣʥˣҪǣ˿ҲǻᣬֻĿǱħԵ
֮Ҷڽһ޴ħ̥ˣҪϴμħ̥һȦ
ħ棬ɢΧΧŲħ塣
Ȼ֮䣬ҶһŵħɵϢȫϢҴһ¡
һ㿿ۣ֮֮ڣ϶ᱻħɷֻ֣ԶԶؿš
ħɴҶƤ³֣һϢǿɫףЩӦ⼸ħɴġ
ħ˷ԸҪǸˣõߣֻҪõǺħһͳħ岿䡣
ԭЩħǺһ壬ħ֮Уǰף鲼ħ磬ҲǺպ
һδôħǰȻΪ
ϴԸ߹ԼħͶ񣬾ʦȻҲὫˣ˷磬ֻκ
ˣħյϢ˷ħ壬
ϼξħԼȪħżΧ˶Ҷ˳ߣħʮŭȻҲɳôĶ顣
ϢҶԭأڲֹɽҪɱԼħ˶ĿⶼסԼ
ʥ壬Ȼʱûж綼֣ϴεʥŮԷƲŹԼ
սնɱʥӣƶԷҲ鵽һЩŹԼ
Ҷڲ֮УǾԵС
ֻܿЦһߵһҲģȻˣֻ취⣬·ҪȥֻǱȽϼѶѡ
ڭħħ̥ӦÿҪ˰ɡ
ħɣΧħ̥˺üȦ߱˵˿֪֮ĶԻҶ㾡۵ס
ӦÿˣܲܵõͿˣǵʵﲻȫӣһɽ֪ˣͻֻħ̥Ƿ֮޹˼ɵĳ֡
ڭħ˼Ļشħɣ̫ħɽͻ֪ĵǽĲ֡
û绹мˣΪ壬ǲ׵ĳֻ֣ҪǿǾͿԣʣµ齻ħ̥ˡ
ղ˵ħŸͣһ֮˶ͣ˵
ܵԽԽʢҶ㾹Ȼо䣬֪ħôأȫħĺ
ԲֲȫħʴҲ޷
ԺħˣⷽԲҲһƬء
ǰֻΧأ˼ʮࡣ
˻
ҶͻȻһ£΢΢һ£ռһ΢Ĳ
ã
Ҷ㰵ãæһˣԶٵȥ
˭
ʱ䣬ħɷҶټ׷ʧԭأҶʧķ׷ȥ
Ȼ˵أ
ԭŵܶħ忪ʼһ߿ħɵٶޱȣܿ췢Ҷټ
ܵǿϢҶ¶֮ɫһħɻЩգħɣֻѡ·
һ˳ȥн뿪һħǽ֮ء
Сӣվס
ڭħһŭĿռһѿ


1480 ׷ɱ
ҶħɵľԽԽ֮£ֻʹ֮ವһʧԭء

ħ໥һۣʹ֮ʱƺµǰ˭
ǸСӣץõڰǴеˡ
ħɷ׷״ЦץҶ㣬û뵽Ҷˣǵ»
Ҷ㣬ܲˣϽǿһֻҪԹԵĹ˳ħ壬ǻܸߵľλ
ڭħЦͻȻ٣ֱߵĳҶ׷˹ȥ
ʱķнҲһţҶ㷢Ϣ뿪һ̶̻ͣصˡ
Ϊ˱֤нϵ˰ȫҶУħޱߵĺڰ֮Уֱӷ֮ϣнڳʱ뿪
յҶϢ֮󣬷нȫǰԭ·أҶӡ
֮ϣĵӰһѻʣ֪ɵ˺δ֮ң
ħǹƤҩһҶ㣬˿Ļᡣ
СӣΣˣǱħ׷ɱ
Ľ׵ҶĻ꺣˭뵽һħɡ
ȱϻˣǸϽ취ǡ
ҶͷѾֺˮһˣȫлˣ׷ᣬҶ޲ߡ
ֻһ취Ǵ뵽ɽԽľԽãɽ֪ħɵϢҲɽɳѹܻ⡣
ĽҶ㣬ĿǰħɳħɽûʲôΪƷ綼Ϊħ
ϣһЩðɣ
ǰֻɻҽˣϣɽܸ֪õɳֱնɱħɡ
ҶҲֻ룬ɽޱȻңû磬Ҳǳ˵
޽Ҷǰֻɽ磬ħɵķױɽ
ħƺҶͼӿٶȣֱߵ׷֮Գٳûг֣ⱻɽ緢֣ħ̥ɨƽ硣
һ
ħ׷ˣ׷ȥɽԽԽǲȫʩΪҪѹƾ磬̫ܶħɵ
ã
ħɷ׷׼ӡһ޴ĺɫħ̣Ҷݺݵѹȥ·֮ϣɫħǡ
ʱ䣬ħҶͷ֮ϣǿѹ֮Ҷٶȡ
ǿֶΣ⻹ʵ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ħһ֣죬ѹһͨĶƷɡ
ֻ֮ţѹ
Ҷ㲻ֱͣӼֻ֮ţħѹȥҪһͨ
ƿһ·
ٴμɱһöһö޴ӡǳˣֻ֮µһ̣ɱն£ħ̳һȱڡ
䣡
ȻһȱڣҶٶȻǱסˣħɼٿ
Դ
һɨĹ춼ǽ⣬סħɣǵٶҲࡣ
ħѷ컹δʧʹ֮һɨ䣬˲һҶ㴩ÿһͨѷ죬ʧ
С̫ˣ
Ҷֻ֮ѹסħ̣һȱڣʹ֮˳ߡ
ⲻ֪Ҷ£ķ˶Ԫµһգ۵ʱ䣬ħɾ׷
ûħ̵ѹƣҶϷɣܴܿɽľڣ㾧ڣסɷ硣
û˿ռ䣬Ҷ㲻ڷˣֻĿħԽԽ֮£ֻɽ羧ڷС
Ӳӵɽ羧ڣƺħƣ֮ϲħҿҶҲ𽥷ٶȡ
ħ۴Уû뵽Ҷ㽫յȻ̸֪֮ǵ㣬ͷȫʵ
Ҷ㣬Ϊɽ羧ͿӹһȰ㻹ǹԹԵĽǻȥǲħһ׵Ľɱ
hħҶͷȻĳˡ
İҵ꺢ͯˣ֣ܳαصȵڣǼɵɽ硣
ҶЦһһ߷л˼ԲߣȥҲǸ취Ҫ취ǲС
ϻˣѹƾ磬ħ£ҾͲκβ
ħੵĽסҶȥ·ԸھȥȲҪõ
ħħʥҪǺһͳħ壬ָտɴ
ԴӻȪʧ֮ħķѣһɢɳȨħͱһգԶ뷲硣
ԳħһҶѹǿħƷ˽Ƶķǳãӽħɣڰɾ֮ϣ˵һ˹ħ
񣬿ˣ
ħĿǣ֣°빦
ҶҲǲŷ֣ղƿħ̵ʱǳɣԼôס
߱ʽ죬似ްУĴ󿪴ϣնɽ羧ϣ¡¡
ԶҶȻܻˣάƽ⵹пܣϣܰȱԼͰȫˡ
䣡
һҵײ֣޾ĳԶһС򣬳ܲס޾ֱӱƷɣΪһʯ
ʲôӰӣ޾֮ϣϵĴÿһŲǧ롣
ħԽսԽû뵽ҶʵȻǿһһƻᱻҶɱ
ɳȥˣڳɳȥ޷ѹơ
֣ǲ֪ҶĿֲ֮˿̲֪Ҷʵ
ûһ壬ħѣԺħ嶼Ҫ
hħŵ֮ɫħһ࣬ǻ֮
ħֵٶԽԽ죬ĿӰˣΧҶͬˮĹҶѹԽԽ
Ͼ˶ħɣǷɾܱ⡣
и
ݳˣݺݵĳѹ˹ȥ뾡һа취ҶҲҪʱ䣬ϣץʱ䡣
ҶǴͷн뿪ʩչʥҲӹһ١
ʱһһйȥҶΣԽԽܵħݺݵԭأ޷ȥ
Ҷ㣬ԹԵ־ܰɣħרŶԸɽ磬˵һˣˣҲѡ
˽֯һž޴ڴͬԽ࣬ʩչԽ
ħ齨ˣһʩչסˣɽÿˣ֮¡
ɱ¾
ʮָҲ˵Ĵɱ¾Ҳħһϵĵǳÿħ塣
͡
ܵһѿҶ˺ѷ죬ʮָƲ񷣬и֧顣
ʮָħˣ
Ҷʮָðʱħһ𷢳ǰֻǲ²⣬ҶΪ
ʱڿʮָǾȲѣΨħ壬ܳʮֶָҶ˻ħ


1481 
ҶʮָʱħһЩţ׷ԭء
Ҳʱ䣬ҶӳԶӡ
׷ˣҲħ֮壬ѳһʣħܡ
hħһУȻΪҶħ֮壬ΪħҲΪɣֺʣҲֹһΣǾȻˡ
Ҷħű䣬ħĹָ䣬ħűݱ֮ħ֮壬Ҷ㲢
ħһۣǷ˱һֱ׷ȥȷ֮Ҷܲ򣬸ħ֮кܴĹϵ
Ҷ㣬ͣúõ̸һ̸Ǳ֤ɱ㡣
ħͻȻҶ㺰ϣҶͣһ̸̸Ҷħ壬ݣħ壬һƣԺħ壬ָտɴ
뵽ҶӵӵҪǿԺħ壬˺
Ÿ̸
ҶŲ˿ûм˼Уħ򽻵뻢ıƤҶŲϵ֪ڴʲô⡣
Ҷ˿ûмٶȣٴ¶֮
Ҷ㣬ˣȻ㲻ʶôǽ׽Ƴɿܣһǵū
ħЦҶ֣·𿴵˾޴Ȩڳ֡
յʱ䣬ħٴסҶ㣬˫սػأսһʱ䣬ȻκβҶ㡣
ֻҪҶ뿪ɽ羧ڣ̾ܽҶѹƫƫҶǲ뿪ɽ羧ڷУħϵķ
Ҷ㣬̰С֪бȥʹʹĴսһ
ħüҶ뿪
̰
㲻ÿЦ뿪Ҳԣǵһĸҽ𣬻һ𹥻
ҶЦһˣӴܣһնɱҲᱻڴ˴
ϻˣҪʩչһЩֶˣ˱ɽ緢֣ǴеĿľ׽뿪ˣԺ飬ħ̥ȥ
ڭħʩչħɵ㱻ɽ緢ΣǵĿѾﵽˣѻصħ塣
ֱʩչħɵѹɽ緢Ρ
ħ׷׸ͣǿħ֮ͷųҶеٶȶʱһ
ã
Ҷ㰵һٶȱѹסˣͷħɵǲѷˡ
ǿĽ֣֮Ҷ㷽Բףռ·һ޴סˣһƬյش
ڿӣ
ħɵͬ£ڵԭĴգħһħӿ
Ϣͷųɽ羧ڶǵܲסħ֮
һֳֻ֣Ҷݺݵץ˹ȥҶ֮󣬻ĿռԽԽСѳȥ
ʥ
Ȼ֮䣬ԶͻȻ˸һɫâӰӼٿһɲǵʱ䣬͵˸ϵˡ
֮ϣ·𱻴һȱڣһĻʥǶ͵׷
ҶΧ֮һʧʥҫ֮󣬽
ȻնɱħɣҶ㹻ˡ

Ҷһ˺ռһѷ죬Ŷ͵ֱʧˡ
ս˱ҶԼǽСף֮УʥδʧҶǧ֮⡣
ʥʧһ̣ҶӵӰ٣ħ۴С
ô֣
Ҷ㳹ʧֻԭͷħϢǱҶˡ
һʼͷħɵҲڱͬߣ˺ڲѡ
Զһɽ֮ϣռһѿС״˳滹һˣҶ㡣
̫ˣǼһʱ䣬¾С
ҶһħΪҪˣԭΪ
ˣû°ɣ
Ӱ˱һ߳н͵ȫش֮ʩչٶȣҺüʱϵˡ
û£λöлǾ֮
Ҷ˵ͷûˣֻ¡
˸ǻôǲ֪˶ٴΡ
ֵ˵Ҷ㣬ħ
˵ûԺ˾ͲҪôˣӦģҪʲôΣգԺϣҪˡ
ɳ豽˵ϣȫҶϣܲܽʮأҪҶ㡣
Ȼȥɣ
һ˻Ϊһǣ˵ķȥ
֮󣬰ȫĻص֮УһĲرǼŮ⼸ʳѰϴ֮ҶٴǶȥ
ص֮Ҷ㿪ʼãѰҴĲϣӹˣħɿ϶ŹԼŪûһϮˣҪȫ׼
ʱ䣬ɽ翪ʼϵţ׷׸ɽԼϵʽɽѾ֪˷ħ飬ʮ֮󣬽·ħɲ
֪Ϣף˰ħ屻ȥָտɴ
ؾ䣬ƺԸⱻħռУ׷
иϵĴ˵˵һ⣬Ѿ꣬һֱΪֻ֪⵽ֵ֮ʱ򣬱Ż
ǰЩӣ˷˱ټϺе֣ɢӦһ޴ı
⼸죬ߣ׷ǰϺϣҵ⣬һõĳЩ̷֮ŪֱӳΪˡ
˵˼꣬ǲû֪ȻϺ˽϶бֵס
ҳֱĵطֹϺһбֻϺһʢҲࡣ
ʮҶ㽫˴ĹŴ뿪ˣȥϺ㲻ܵõҲҪȥһ龿
ȻͻƵ˾磬ҵɽ編ʵԺͻҲĪİ
һҶֻ˶ԭܼ򵥣ħڶ񣬲˴̫ǰ
ȻŮģҶһȰ˵ħԼһǸţҶΣգͬ˵С
ʮΪ࣬ħҪ󣬻ܣҪϡ
ʮʱ䣬κ˲뿪ˣʵʵĴڷǳң·֮
֪ΪΣҶ·֮󣬷ֵĵǣϴҲ·Լ˻硣
ɽ׷ɱԼֹһˣϹѩһϹѩñɼһֱͬȾ׷ɱԼ
ͨˣϹѩ˽֣ƫƫҶ㡣
СԼ丮ƣǶת֪ԼûڻĻ϶ŹԼ
Զ·Ҷ㲢̫Ҷ㣬Σδֻûϴôǿҡ


1482 
ʮҶѾСµľ磬Ԥ֪׻ҲԤ֪һЩס
֮ѡϺƬҲҶ㣬ҲܸıԼˣܻܲһεѣͿϺ֮ˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㻹л˸ϵϺ֮ϣѾŷ׷׾ۼڴˣ⣬׷¶֮ɫ
ǴӺ͸ģǷԲǧҲ֪⺣׵ʲôѵǴ˵֮еı
ˣôˣҲɮ٣б⣬Ҳ˶õ
վҶߣüͷ΢΢һ壬ʮǰж
˵ĲҲֻײײʮ֮˾ͻ֪Ǻ»ǻ£ǱҪĿܣװԼ
Ҷ˵ͷ·Ҷų⣬ϴαĹϵ
ô죬ȥǼȣ
ˮʵѾ˿ʼǱˮףҪҲͲ֮¡
ҲȥǼңбˮ飬棬ж硣
Ҷϴ壬õһöˮ飬ڿóˡ
һۣҶӵкܶĶѾϰˣıˮҶ϶С
ֱˮ֮£Ҷ򿪱ˮ飬ȫܵľ󿴵ʮС
ȷǴӺ͸ȥģ޾ĺףļǱǧǼޣ£ǿѹ׵˺ѷ̥
ϵǱһ޴ιŲϵǱԽԽ裬棬һƬ
ˣǱƺ˳ι
ͻȻҶ˵˳߿ƺ߲ơ
ΪںףʶɢȥޣֻĿ⣬Ҷıˮ̫ۣܶ˶Ҫ˭ӵбˮֺı
ƺǺˡ
ںҲжʮˣʮ˽⣬ι߰ˣȫİ
˫ܿ쿿Ҷ˱˰Χƺǳűˮ
ˮ飬ǲ
Χűˮ߰ˣֱӷвҶ˽ˮ飬ƺʶҶ㡣
ϾҶ֮Ƕʮǰˣʮʱ䣬ӿţҶһʱš
ֲͬһҶص飬ûж֪Ҳ˽Ҷʲôˣ˵ˡ
Ƕ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ˲֪Ҷ⣬ǻòͷˡ
ǲأ
˵ǶͣϵĽͻȻɢ¶ҶͷںףȻʵѹˣֵʵһ⵽ѹơ
󵨣ǾȻҲǿ֪ʲôˣǲ
һ˹ֳꪣЦ֮
ҵҪ֪ǵʲôˣ
һ˵Ҷ㣬ʮֺ棬˭˿ҪԼˮ顣
Ҳ޷ǰˣε죬Ҫ˱ᡣ
ֳꪵӷԺЦԭͷʢİ壬Ǽõĳصıأüһҹ֮䱬ȼ
һӴӶ壬˲һ壬µҲʮֱƷڣʵǳǿ
Ȼû˳֣õأӿ˺ܶɾƽ˵ľ磬ʮš
ԭǰˣʧʧ
Ҷûʲô飬ֻǴһ˿Ц⣬֪Ҷв
Ȼ֪˭ԹԵĽˮ飬õǵԷһЩ
˱ˮ飬ж᷽ܶ࣬ѰұԿҶӵбˮ飬˵졣
֪˭
ɳ豴ζЦݣ˫ֱأȫвˡ
Ҳ˭ȻϽˮ飬Ǿɣ
ꪵӲɳ豵˽͵ĻˣֱֱֳӳҶ˹
ˣҾˣ֡
͵ȳˣֱӳˮ飬սһ
ʱ䣬ˮ˹ˣһУϵĳӿȥ
ߵսܿ˵ע⣬׷׳˹Ҷ֮󣬷׷վԶûҿ
Ҷǣ
κҲ˲ˣҶ㣬Ͳİˣʮ̣꺢ͯ޲֪Ҷ˭
Щ˭ôҶ˴ˡ
Ҷ໥ۣܵˣҶ㣬˶նɱⲻ
ǵĴ磬Ӧǰˣ˵Ǽ巢һܲأµʱ䣬˲𣬹ĿһУҶˮɡ
ڳвٴˣҶӵбˮ飬һ۾ܲ³
ӰΣˣ˭֪Ҷرһ뿪϶ᳯ巢ѣһڷ仯򣬲ǰộԼкϲơ
Ҳ˴ֻı飬ϣ屻Ҷ
۵Ĺ򣬶͵˸Ұս൱£Ͼ棬ѷȫʵ
һ˲ͬ棬õչ¶ԼʵǾǹ񽿣ˮ񹲹Ĵˡ
ֱֻһڣһˮ֣ӿ˹ȥֱӰ
˹񽿵Ŀƣ԰ȫ·磬ԼҪǹǵͷ
ܵԽԽ󣬰жٶԽԽˮö͵˲ˮѹƣսԽԽҡ
Ǽȥɱˣ
һŭȣ֮У񽿵Ҽлɱ񽿡
ˮ
һȣΧһ㾧壬һ㱤ݣķס˵ĽŲ޷
˲ϵĳ֣ҶȻվԭأ򲻵ѣ֣Ƕ
̣
һµİӣгһöĴֱ̣ƿ˹񽿵ˮڡ
˲䣬ΣȻʵǿһˣЩѹռˮĺˣ˼лѾҲʡ
ͣ
ڴʱһεĽˣֱиϣһƲѪˣں͸ȥ
˭͵Ϯ
ûʹʮܣǺˮѹƵԭ򣬸о˿ԽԽ
ʧȥһˣѹʱᣬ˫ٴνӡһˮ֣һˮֱӽûˡ
ͻȻնɱһˣðɫ䣬ûп壬˭ֵģôһˡ
̿ǾƷƳһ谭ҪƵˮݵʱͻȻɱˣֱ֮
Ӳˣ
ֳꪵɫԽԽѿ԰˶ռϷ磬һˣԷһûг֡
ҲҪţóҾͲˣܽȫնɱ
ɫͻȻһ䣬£ðһƬһ㣬Ϣɢ
Ҳһ֮ϣðһƬ˷ˣǸĳںһ
޻꣬Сġ
ͻȻ֮ôСģ֪Ϊΰһҹ֮ԭˡ


1483 
ͻȻһȣ֪Ϊΰһҹ֮ˣԭõ޻ꡣ
Ϲʱڣܶϲ޻꣬ΪԼĵڶԪǣһЩǿޣСǳԼĻںһ
γ˻޻깲һɳʱƣ޻һ¶
õĳֲٿ޻طҵܶСޣ޻ںϵһ
ŵ°һҹ֮𣬶͵һò˻Ȼ
ں޻Ҳб׶ˣȻ޻Ҳһ˺Ūû⵽ɣ޻곬ǵʱ޻ռ˲ˣ޲ޣûǵ
ʵ尵ʱѾкܶΪ޷޻ںϣ˷ӣ˷κ˲йܡ
ΣҲͷ޻Ϊ˵õˮ飬Ѿ˼ɲôˡ
һƬӳϣͻȻһ˺׵Ľ񽿵ˮ˺ѣʮǿ
Щʧ͵⵽ǿѹƣʵѷӳֵܶĹг޻ѹȡ
Σرףڵĺˣˮܿ˻𣬶ʵһּѹƣһӲ
֮УѹǴ󹷣ǺĴˣȻˮƺˮ֮£ٶһѹƣ֮Ӳ
뱻ζΪһ˵޻ȻǺçԣںף޾
γһɳŭԣس˵ĺϻܿ챻Ƶ񽿶ܵв
ˣˡ
ˮðˮٶԽԽŭԭأ޷

ҶͻȻˣû뵽ں޻֮ʵȻ֮࣬ѹְ˿
һɫˣֱӽŭԭأ޷سײ
ʧȥŭԣ͵˿ʼȫٲ׾ʩչ
ˣ˲֪ʲô飬ожٶԽԽ
𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬󹷷һŭΧˮֱӵȥγһƬյش󹷷ŭˡ
ɽХˮ۳һö޴ȭͷݺݵĻһöǰϡ
ģ
һƵˣһȭУĵӷһƺߣܿȥò˶ãͱˮǺ
˴ؿڣ̤ˮڹ񽿵İ֮£ٴγһˣʧȥŭԣʧȥצһûжٷ֮
ɳʩչǵٶȣļ˹
۶͵˵츳֮УǾԷ޻꣬аҲᴦơ
ȭͷһ޴һ趯ˮԶֿˮֱɱһӵǰ
ͻȻԼǰŵûɢҪӦһȭԴϡ
Ȼ䣬֮ĵǣԽֻʣһͷʬ壬ʮֶġ
ղŻǰˣתֻ֮ʣˣһ˾նɱˣһڲףεĽɱ
µĻɫŭԭأ޷ʧȥ̡
ǿˣǵ֣
ֳꪵӳ˵Ͻ룬˼ս

ҧҧһк׼ˣʧȥˣƲ٣һףòʧ
и
ˮ֮У֣ס˰ʣ˵ȥ·
꣡
ֳꪵһӦֱӱУķѣ֮ǰ¶ʹ֮ɫ
Ҷ㲻ˣܻľֹ壬óô˻ᣬɱһӰ٣û˲֪Ҫűˮ⡣
ԽԽ࣬϶͵׷ᣬһһֻܿʣ°һˡ
͵˽ԭأ޷
ǲɱңǰɱңͻ׷ɱ
¶֮ɫһδˣǰһյʱ䣬ɱϡﻩ
˲𣿡
ʹŷ̵ߵʵ
ʲôƨ
Ÿͣ˵壬ĴҵˣҲɱ
˸ˣǾ˵ˣλ˭֪˰ɡ
ɳζ˵˳ָָҶ㣬ýܣӦ֪Ҷ˭
Ҷ㣿
ͻȻһ£ȻҶ֮ʮ꣬Ҷʧʱʮꡣ
죬̸Ҷ㣬ƾɾնɱˣϾ˲Ǻܶࡣ
򼸰ˣʱֻм˶ѣʱ֪Ҳ
ûҶ㣬Ŀˣ
͵ֱӳȥķѣնɱںס
֮󣬶͵˻ص˱ˮ֮УˮȥΧ۵Щ˷׷뿪
һǵҶ㣬ˣ˿ǿµʵߵ˶Ǹ֣ˣ˵նɱҶ㣬ʲô
һƬڰҺнָֻҪ˳ŽǱͿˡ
ǱǧףǸоô
Ҷ㳯ǼʵǿĺˮѹѾƱˮǱٶȣұˮγɵĹ֣ʼΣŤ
ֵܼסǼȥɣ
˻Ϊܣ񽿱Ȼˮѹ˵΢΢
ҪǼֲסǿˣңȥ
ܵģҶţߣѹֻԽԽҴ⡣
û£ֲסʱ˵
ҧأԸоϵĻ֮뵽ڲԪرѹסˡ
ãǼȥ
ҶҲü˵ʲôٿرˮ飬ǱԽߣˮֹˮôļ
ԽԽǱ뵽һָųɾϵ˶棬޷Ǳ
Ҷ㷢֣ӵбˮľֹԼһˣѾֺüӵбˮ顣
˴ǱͧԴں磬ˮ֮ͬ
ʮˣִܵˮĲᳬһǧˣ˳ŽһȥҶۣ֮ľһ㸡ֳ
ľ⾹Ȼһ麣׽ʯɢģЩʯûƽһ㣬ɢĿĽ⡣
Щʯʮйɣ·˹ĺۼ˹⽫ʯŲ˴˴
˽Ľ⣬Ҳʮֹ죬ʯ棬ǰƺʲôˣ½޷͸ȥ
ڽʯĸʧˣֱ͸ˮ䵽˲֮ϡ
Ǽô
ڲֹʮܣ͵ͶЩŤǿں׶ǿĺˮѹǵж
У޷ˣֻǿζ
˵Ӱ죬ϱ黺һЩһܵѹų˻ȥ
ãǽĸ󣬱ˮڽ񽿲ٿأһ⣬񽿻뿪ס
Ҷ㽫ˮƿȨ˹񽿣ϾˮĴˣֻѹᣬûжѹ


1484 
Ҷ뿪˱ˮ飬ǿֶ֮ˮԪضѹǺܴ
岻ϵǱɫĽʯڶ͵ˣԭصȺ򣬲ߡ
ˮҲм޵ģݵʱõģ㹫ıˮҲƣǱ뵽Ǽޡ
ڽʯ֮УҶýɫľʯⲻǽʯӦ˴һͽֱӳ˺ס
ҽǳĴ󣬴Ĳ˼飬ԲǧöĽҶ㲻档
شϣҵڣѵƬ򣬶ˣʲôֶΣһ˶޷ɡ
ԽԽֱǱˮ£ǿ棬ҲֵĽƺѰڡ
ǽӦþǴ˵֮еı⣬治֪ʲôµģ϶
ϡ
Զϵֳִ󴸣Ȼǿƿһ˳źˮԶԶ

˰ȻǴҲʮͻȻһλţ츳ǿޱȣ֮ͬУ޵еĴڡ
ֳֻ־޴ҵɫʯһڣһһÿһδ£ˮӿ޾ˡ
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬ΧڴΧҲǿдһȱڣ˳ȱڣԽ⽨֮С
ҶҲ⣬վԶֹ֮ϣͭÿһ缡棬з˸ʦ
һõʦָ㣬ȻԼѽ˳̶ȡ
д񿪵һܽⱦ֮С
Χܣ˽մ⣬һȱڣ뱦֮С
뷨˾ֹһˣϾںףܽȫ֮٣һ
ϣ
һĽĴӷ˵һһɫĽһȥʲôҶ㶼סˡ
ˣ˿Լ̹⼸ʮ̫꣬š
䣡
ͻȻˮƣɫĽƺѺ۳֣һѿôҸϲ⡣
ಲһٴ޴ŵµĽɫʯݺݵȥ
ģ
ѣˮʼ˸о岻ȣźˮĲˡ
һǿ֣ɨܣӽɫʯӿһУʮи˹
ɫĽʯһѿ׵Уֱӱо˽ȥʧ
ҶҲ⣬岻ܿƣоΧĺˮˣ֮УһҲ뵽˽ɫʯ档
ǿ˺֮ǿеĽԲǧֱק˽ȥ
񽿵˷ֲԣٿرˮ鳯ˮɽǱȥŶһ٣ûбоȥ
Ư޷Ǳˮ׵Щˣ׷¶֮ɫΪںϣһ޴У޾ĺˮ˽ȥ
ǿУܵĿһѾ޿ڣϵɣˮһ³
Ϻޱ޼ʣʲôȻúˮڼ٣˵ֶΣ޷
Ҳû˸£ֻܿž޴Уһȥͱֱ˺ѡ
ЩҪȥˣһٺһ֮ɫղŲһͱоߡ
ʱ䣬ӺƯܶ֫бۣǸղȥЩˣǿ˺֮ķѡ
ˮɺһƬ֮⣬Χ֫бۺܿ챻һЩʳʮ׳ۡ
֮£ʮˣֻĴϣĵȴΪ⻹δʧʧˣ취ȥ
Ҷо顣ֻ˺壬Һޱǿ˺֮ܿʧ
ȵָ֪ʱ򣬷Լһ磬һˮ硣
ɵĺжƣ̧ͷϿȥ޴лδʧǴǿд򿪵ǵȱڡ
һ߾ʬҶƮǧˣϰûг˺ѹıѹ
ûʱ̾һɨԶ϶һ磬ֻǲ֪ڵ档
ǳĴǧ֮൱һС򣬰Ҷ㣬Ӧһǣֱ֮뵽ס
Сӣпһ򣬱ôֶǿͿգӡ
ĽҶ㣬Ҳˣ⺣׵ĽԲΣһڳ뺣ס
һ򣿡
Ҷ㰵࣬ʵڲʲôԽһ
ûʲô˵ģ磬һ綼ϡ棬˵һ򡣡
Ľ״Ŵһʲô˵һЩֶΡ
ҶѾϰΪƲƲ죬ѡһ򣬲ϵĳǱ롣
ôĵطǧ˽ܿȫɢѡ˷򣬶ȥѰȥˡ
Сӣ㲻Ŀռ䷨򲻶𣿡
ĽҶ㣬ķʮأͬ޽ȻɽӽҲֻǷһЩѡ
ﲻͬҶ˵ȫİĻ֮⣬ƺˡ
ҽʱ͸ӦˣҵʵƺѹƵ˼ޣ֮⣬һЩⶼѹסˡ
Ҷ˵ͷֵʮ棬ͺһʱգʱ̸룬һһ
Ϊɽ編ûв´ӦһѾأȻԴ޷֮ƿ
ĽһþûиܵɽķˣжϣӦһԳɿռ䡣
ԼŴСö˵Ҳ

ҶͻȻԭأǵĻһȡ֮ǿֱѹһƷˡ
û֮󣬱һҲ֪ΪΣô䵽Ϻ֮С
Ľ׽֮ͣϣ֮£Ľ׵꾳绬䣬ҲֻͨһƲлѡ
ѵǴɽģ
ҶƲ⣬粻ֵֻܳһֿܣǴɽġ
пܣһֿǳűıɽϯϾˣ˶Ҳ
ڷǱ֣ɽ粢ϡ棬ɽֻһĴڣҲͨĻɫֻ㱦
Ľ׺ݺݵĸҶ㲹һΣڵľ磬ԽӴɽһЩ
Ǳĵȼ֣֮ǵϵʥڵֻǴ˵Ĵ۶ûƳֻƳʥ
Ǿ磬ͻƵ˽ɣһƷһƷͣƷߡ
ɽ磬ǵ׵ĴڣϣĽû˵ҲҶøԶʱЩ㹻Ҷһʱˡ
˱߱˵֮Уɢܶණ̫ԶѾò
ñȰ˱Գɿռ䣬ȥҲһѷĶøһá
ֻǹǣ棬Ȼнʮϡˣѵǵˣڵ֮Уࣿ


1485 
֮УȻཨסĺۼ
Щ֮Уֺܶ඼Ѿϻᴥһ£ֱӵ
Сӣǰߣƺо˵Ϣ
ĽͻȻҶ㣬ԱĽĸ֪϶Ҫкܶ࣬Ҷ㣬ǰ

Ҷ˫ð⣬ҪܵõһˣͲôѾˣֱնɱǺҲҪԶڷ硣
Ľһ絹ˣ˿û赲ҶǰĽŲһʱ֮Ҷ㿴һĽɫƯͷϡ
ǵ
ŽɫҶһͷˮ˿κεĹϵ
ûǵ
Ľ׿϶˵ǵĵ
ҶԵûиΪûмһʥǰҲһֱܷ
ãͽ
Ӧ棬ĽףҶ㻹Ӧ
ˡ
ħҲʼҪҶ㳹ţǵ
ħϲոֱϣķҶ㲻֪˶ٱιü
ŵ˵ζħʼ̲סˣҪ֮ɡ
ʵһᣬԺжĵҿ϶ա
Ҷ㽫ħѹȥҪôԺлᣬڰѰһЩա
ܿ죬ħƽϢȥ𶯣ҶҲӿٶȡ
ֻʮңȴޱȳأѹҶ㶼ҪһݷںϵɽҶҪκɽ֮ܽȡ
գ
ҶһȣһץǿеĽս˴ָȳȥʱڽ֮
㲻
ҶȡʱͻȻ֣ȻҲ˳
Ҷתӣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˿˹ȥ
Ҷò֮˷׷¶֮ɫһ
Ҷ㣬㣡
¶ɵ֮ɫȻʶҶ㣬ղҶ㱳ǣûпò
ڻҽ𣿡
ҶһЦԼʵѹˣ˹ƶһɽķѹס˵⣬ֻƾܵս
ҲҪǵʵӲˣǱˣһ˲ɡ
мһҶǿûĵ⣬ǧ
˭ҲӲֻԭʼķսƾˣҶһˣǿһ۾ֳܷ
ûˣԽ
ҲӸŸͣҲʧȥ˵⣬ûʲôԾµġ
ǻԥʲôһְɣ
ҶȻЦ⣬ȷʩչǧǲҶûֶΡ
Ҷ㲢İӦնս̵ˣҲϺϣҵ·ͿҶһö
ƾǵĸ֪һ۾ܿǱѰ϶֮ϡ
һϣ
ûκԥֱӳȭߣʩչԭʼ似·
˺ܿǽͷһʼսһһȭһȭҶǰذһȭҽҲݺ˳ȥһ
һһȭҶĺ󱳣˼лҶ˫ȭѵ֣ûٶƣûԪƣûеƣǴ˿̣һ˶硣
ҶһδαУ˿ЦҶ㱻ԼУǶôĵһ顣
Ҷ㣬û뵽Ҳн졣
귢Ц·˶ĶնսвҶҶǺ֮ǣڶԷʵһֱ̡
ļգҶ㣬ǵ޽вҸ𣿡
ڵ磬ҶвЩŵӣǷģһ˽ǧ컯
ʱһˣǸղ˵ӵĸ磬Ϊ飬һ겻񣬴ӴԺ󣬱÷񲡣
˵䳰ȷҶ޶ãȻ˲ȭţȴ˺Ҷ㣬ˣһȭһ˺
ħڿˡ
ҶͻȻ¶һ˿аЦûʩչۣ֮ʩչ˾ħ
Ȼ֮䣬һڵѷ죬ԽԽơ
ħκηƣǶģǿֱ֣ӽ˸˽ȥ˲ʧ
ǲ
Ҷ֣ᣬܿ뿪ĵطǰϣҵ
ħ֮УĲҽ˱ħճٳٲ˵ܡ
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
ħգ˵ԽԽ˭֪ҶϻֹһĿռ䣬ȼħ档
˵Ҷ޶ãܿħиӦĳֶҲǱȻħ˷ܡ
ղ֮󣬷ֽܶ෨򣬶ǰɾҶòֻ˷򣬲Ǵ֮
ЩȫþħգڲͻƵ˵䣬ħĿռʮھװһ򶼲⡣
װһ򣿡
ҶͻȻʲô֮УͻȻɢ⣬ƺ´½һ
ΪҲܽħ֮Уĵ޾ĵȫԽҵľ˵ز
ҶͻȻЦĽ׶һΪҶˡ
㲻˵زҲٵǺų̈ףˣҲΪ壬ˣһˡ
Сӣôˣ
ĽһͷˮҶͿˣȡһȱĵô˷
û£û£뵽һĵ顣
Ҷ˰֣ҿҲʲôֱ뿪ΪûбҪѰȥˡ
Сӣ㲻Ҫȫȡɣ
Ҷô꣬ҶһһĽ׶ܲ³ҪʲôҶЦݣĽ׾ҶҪʲô
ûÿƾķ꣬Ҳܴ˾硣
Ҷûȷд뷨ҲС
ⲻϲ
ĽҲٺٵЦһļϣΪУôĵ˺ףʵǿϧˣҪգԼҲմմ⡣
ҶԼޣʱֽһЩ뵽ɱ¾֮УĽ˵Ҳһϰ
ǿߣǰ沨ԽԽԣӦб֡
Ҷ㲻ٷϻʱ滹вˣҶܲܽȫսȥȽҵ˵
ٳɣҶӿٶȣת֮䣬ǰһ޴ʯ鱮ﾹȻĹҶȷȷ˺ܶˡ
ȷ棬ûгȥһ㶼϶һ磬һ޶硣
Ҷʱɣǧ֮⣬ǲҲиǿ磬ҲֻǱǧ֮С
ԲǧطСˣʮ˻Ǻɵģ深Ϣÿʱÿ̿Էֽ֮
źţǴЩĹ֮ɢģѵ»вٱﲻɣ
Ҷܲȥ˼ҵķĹȻôȥ
ǲ˲ܶ˽߶ʮһʲôͲ𣬼Ĺڣ޲ܽߡ


1486 Ĺ
кüʮˣɷ˵ʼھЩĹʱ䣬ĹھһգʲôҲûС
˵ມǣëûУѵħжϴˡ
˵ܣħԱǳУûгȻӦбһбڸ
˱ڵĿĹѨʣһĹĴԭء
Ĺ
ҶһѵͲĹ֮УҶֻǲ²⣬Ҷ϶
Ĺ߶ȴһ壬һףʮңǳĴ
ѹĹϣֱۣ֮͸ȥҪĹ
ʶ͸ȥ֮Ҷ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ʱܾۼԽԽ࣬ǧ룬ʱȥˣѹһ顣
ϴŵЦ⣬ƶջʲôö֪
Ͼϡ٣ĽҲֻǸӦ˽ɫҲӦϢӦҵ
ûκԥҶһɨʮĹս˴ָС
ΪƣĹҶ㲻һȡҪ棬˵һҲȫսָ
ҶͻȻľٶŵòһҶ֮쳹򣬱ɱ֮ƣѾ˿ȴǰ
ҶͻȻȡĹôһɻ֮ɫѵҶˣĹϷŹ
ڴԥĹҶ˫ǼʮöĹ˽
ӶҶȡٶԽԽ죬һɨһĹշֱҶĴָ֮С
ӴҶˣЩֲɵӣҶȡĹһ޹ʷʸ϶ʲôԭ
飡
һȭһĹϣͻȻ֮䣬ĹķѣȻһӣ˭Ҳ֪װʲô
˲䣬ҶˣʼĹʵֲܵԪֻԪʼڵֶΡ
ڵĹûκԥֱҶ㣬һȡʮö
һҲֻȡĹĹ̶һյʱ䣬ͱյһɶ
ЩֻܸɵۣĿűﱻߣӶˡ
ջĵȻҶ㣬ȡ˾ųɾţʣʮ֮һ˹Ϸ֣õĹģֻмʮˡ
ٵĿˢˢľۼҶϣһ֮ɫȻҶõôĹܶﶼ
Ҷ㣬ǲе̫ˣôˣһ˾ųɵĹ
ȻԺİܲǰ޽ʱ򣬸Ҷйһ֮Ե
磬϶˵棬ʵѹˣһϣԽҶû
飬߾֮˭Ƿˡ
Ҷ̯̯֣һνӣȻԼǵһģȴȡģҪ־͹ǽĿۼĹ֮УĹ
ȵӦʱҶ㣬˭ȲҶ㣬ֻĿĹ󲿷ֶҶ
ʲô߾֮ҿһǿϽĹȻôˣƾԼһˣҲɲȥ
ЦһкһЩߵˣʼҶ㿿£׼Ҷϵı
Ȼ˷׷׿رЩûеõģһҶΧס
ֳ־޴˵ҲڳҶ㿿ޱϲղųҶ֮⣬õĹ࣬ʮ
ҶԶ
ҲҪһ
ҶΨɵ˾Ǵв񵭵ʵ
Ҳȱֻһ£紫ԣǲôǿҪսʤңȻ뿪
ʮֺĿĺܼ򵥣ҪҶһһ˭ǿҶĹ⻷ڸÿһˣ񼵶Ҳ
ҽս
ҶˣҲʶһ´Ҳһֿ顣
ƾеĶ֣κߣἤʤ֮ģսʤ֣ԼǱ
ҶˣҲǣս˲䱻ȼ
ԭˣһɱҶ㣬ȳֻ֣վһԣ񲻵У취ϼˣһ˺սǺľҶеҲҪ֮նɱ
վһȽϸɾĵط뿪ĹĿԣ޾Ļںӡ
ûɱ⣬ҶûжĳޣֻҪһ£ϾĻ⣬ΧҶ㡣
룡
Ҷƣ˸ʮվȻ֮䣬֮ϣӿķģ飬ļһ¡һ㡣
Ųһ̤ͻȻζһ£ȳˣҶѾãš
ϣҶ㣬ϣǸ߳ҶһԴ
úã
ҶҲʾ峤ֱ룬Ҳһȭݺݵĳɨȥ˶ϵķʽ
ʮľ룬գۼ˺ܿһ
䣡
ˮͻȻˣһĲƣܲϵӿȥ
ˡ
˸˺üſվȣҶһ˿󣬴ֱҲ΢΢˴˲¡
ҼǿһˣֵҴս
֪ͣǷ̣ôЩ꣬ûƾǽ죬оսղһȭĳȣĸѹ
Ҳ˳̶ȵš
Ҷ㲻˼˵֮ɫ
Ҷĸ֣ڲ˹ң˺ܶǶʿǸȣԶ
ܽʥǵһˣɽûУҶ㲻Ҷ϶
֮治Уƻиǿĸ֡
ٳһȭ
ޱ飬ֻսŲһαߵٶȸ죬һ̨תĻ𳵣Х
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬Ѩȫ򿪣ǰڿóˡ
ԪѹסⱻѹסֻƴҶ㲻ͬ˺ܶѨȫദ
ұϣʹöѨѨ򿪵һ̣Ҷұ֮ϣðһۡ
һɿɲϢҶðڳÿһˣûʩչԪҶ㾹Ȼƣ˻֡
Ҷֱϵۣ˫һƺŵΣյźţͻȻһֱϵļٴιγһСɽ
мĺˮԶֿγһͨ޷赲ǵĽŲ
Һˮѹ֮󣬷ˮݣ棬Ƿűһ
Ȼ䣡
ȭײɸײһ㣬ܵĺˮٴαƷɳȥԲʮ׾룬һƬյشսðﶼ
Ҫһһ˲ͻᱻҶɱҪϸ˲УҶնɱ
ʹһɫ˷׷׵ͷһ𣬴ĳЭ飬ֻҪ񲻵УǻһӵϣҶնɱںס
Ȼص½ϣնɱҶ㣬ˡ
Ȳ˵ٶ⣬ƾҶ㱾ʵǧΧɱҲܽɱ
෢ֱۣҶ˦˦֣ղһͬײһϣǿķֱ֮۳ٳ޷ָ֪
Ҳһֱ΢΢ղһҲɵϵıԽԽء


1487 ͳͳ
ԴϢʱ䣬ӱ˴ɢսŨңƺг׵ơ
һ˿˿񱩵ϢӴɢһβֱϵļ⣬£˫֮ϣ¡һļ⣬ʮɲ
ҴͻȻθߣһˣƤ淺һɫʣ̾һ㣬˫ðɺ֮ɫӦǼڲѪ
Ѫ
Ҷ㷢һԭޱȣѪˣԭᣬ֮Уһ˿Ѫ
ҶѪѪǰģѪҲǰģҲ˵˵Ѫ޼
Ϳ˭ǿ˭ѪǴ
Ҷ֮ѪչǣѳݻѪԻ
ܸύ֣ҵң
Ҷֱ𽥻ָ֮Уһ˿壬Զ
Ҳңܸύ֡
Ҷֱϵۣһ۾ֱܷҶӵѪ
˵˲䷢仯ⲻཻͨսҲغ֮ӱ˴˵ϣŵϤζ
Ĵޣ໥˭һѾ֪ˡ
ˮʼһˣسײһζٲ֣ºˮѹܽѹԭء
ѹÿһʮּѣ󲿷˵ˮ档
˴һ̣ܵĺˮʼŰȭȭ⣬һȭһȭ
ɲԽԽγһ޴У⺣翪ʼЩʯ׷׳ԶЩ˹ȥ
׿ʼˣǵȥ
˵ȲˣϷԽԽȥ綼ᱻȥʱǶҪں֮¡
ԽԽ˲ϵӿȥ˳ȱڣƴζ
Ҷڽս˫ò£Ҳв֮ˣĵţϣҶͬھϵı
ֻõĹ࣬Ҳû˼
ģ
ϣʼˣҶֱƷɳȥѻж֡
Ҷ㣬һ
óԼĴӣȭͷ޷սʤ֣ˮѹӣҪսپ뿪ס
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬￪ʼԪȻѹסˣȻԵķ򣬼ӳֵȫ֮ϡ
𣡡
񷢳һŭ˫סӣֱ֮ҿһͨĺˮӹȥ
ʽ
Ҷɱ·У֯һ·ʩչ߱ʽʽ
Ҷǰˮһѣӿȥм䣬յشûкˮ֣֮
Զ˿Ӷɳˣ˶ǹ̥жȽѣ˵ˡ
ѵ
޸ӣײ޾Ļ𻨣ˮıˣ˵峹׾ߣʧں磬Ҳ֪˭˭Ӯ
ˮҶںһδ뿪ɱ۽ɢһ˿ݵĿ⡣
һֱۻڷһ˿˿Ѻۣǻһ˿ѪĿ֮У¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
һĶ֡
Цһ峯ȥٶ
Ҷʹ֮ٵǰܿҲȱڣְ˻棬ڵԼ
棬ǱҵģȻҪɱңҾͽȫˡ
⼸ʮҶҲĴ֮ҪӺԼˣһҪʮ֮
ħ㲻ҪɵǰһܲվͿˡ
Ҷ˾ħϵķŴ󣬺ܿ츲ףʼɽɫĽ
ǲȱĵһֽɽ編ҶԽ˾硣
ڽɫ棬кüûгҪԾȱڣȱһڵĶڣס
ãڱˣ
һ˷һУ˷׷¶֮ɫ׵ѹԽԽٲ뿪ܿͻᱻѹ
ӴҶˣ壬ϧ뵽˾ħ֮УԲǧħơ
Ƚħһҽħ棬ħ죬֮޾ħ濪ʼǵ
棬ղ㲻ҪҪɱң
ҶˣҲħ֮УħҶ㣬ֿҶվ˰ǰ
Ҷ㣬Ĺ
淢һУɵӶܿˣ޴ĺڶҶģǶ˽
û㻹ȻǶɱңǡ
Ҷ䣬ܵħԽԽ࣬һĲҽ
Ҷ㣬Ҵˣûжɱ⣬Ұɡ
һ˷ղҶĶԻڶϣһΡ
ˣȻһѵû֮ģ
ҶЦһ⼸˳ٳû뿪ǵҶܾˣ֮
ֻЩҶûˣľ뿪ˣҶ㲢ûסǡ
ʣµģһǸһҪᣬҪնɱԼҶһЩס˷׷¶֮ɫ
ǲ̰ģӦŶ뿪棬˭ãƫƫҶ㡣
׶סˣҪ߿϶ܡ
ѣ޷Ѿħ淨򣬳ڳױסˡ
֮ϣѾһţϵԽԽЩӳһ¶ɫ
ǿ˺֮޴ĽɫһϽȥħ
ɫʧһ̣ˮϵ³вһɼǿ뺣ܽһЩߣͻȻʧȥģһͷԽ˺ˮ֮УҲû
ͻø˷׷׳ȥҲ뺣̫
Ǳң˻棬һҪȥ
ϷУҪ棬ѰҶ㣬ôУҶҪˡ
侲һ£ô˺֮ȥˣܿͻᱻ˺ѣ˵ȳˣԼ
ס˻ֱֹۣȥγȥǸ˿̲ðա
ҶΣգȥҲﲻʲôæҲңš
ȥǧˣֻмˣЩͬҲ׷¶֮ɫڵȺԼ
ʱڿٵţϵһֱûʧЩǰҲԸȥ
һֱƻʱ֣ˣС˿̾ˮΣҲǺܴ
ǲ׼ңһҪȥ
ֱӳȥһζ͵û׷ҲԾ뺣УϵĳǱȥѰҶټ
óˮ飬˶棬Լˮѹ
Ľʧˣǵ裬ͷӬһϵ³ⲻ֪ӿ㡣
ղŵѪ֮֮вȻ׷׳߿

һˮĽһӰӺ˳Ҷ㣬ɨһֱۣӷɵ˸߿֮ϡ
Ƕ͵˶ڣҶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
֣ɿˣ
Ҷץסһ꣬ҲǺˣҶ㲻죬ҶֻǼסʲôѡ
Ǽȥˡ
պһ֮ɫû뵽Ҷ˵Ͱ͵˵


1488 ˮ
ȥˣҶûκԥһԾٴλص֮С
ȻеѹСˣǿ˺֮Ȼûʧûнָ뺣磬ϹʲôҲ
һںʧص½϶ܣΪʧȥ˷У֪ϣ¡
⺣㣬ɳ֣޷
뵽˴ҶӿǱٶȣۣ֮ɨһȦûзǼټ
ٿ壬Ǳ֮۲ϵɨ䣬ϣܷǵټ
ʱһһйȥҶԽԽ¶ŨŨĵ֮ɫ
һҪ£
˿һʱˣûǵټҶѾɵǱ˵ģ⵽⡣
ںĳһȺΧһöˮ飬汻סˣѾҲʣղŸһͷǿɨ塣
һǳȥںж磬Ӧÿ
񽿽ˮ齻趡Ϳƣ׼Լǣ㣬뿪
УҪһߣҪһһˡ
ʮּ˵ù񽿶һ
Ǳϻˣȥ˭Ҳ뿪ס
һȣڲǽʱһ˺ùȫ
񽿣֪ĺ⣬ǹ͵˵ˣһɱȥ
˵ǻͬⶡ˵Ҫһһðա
ɳ豻ˮ׷׵ͷȻǺɵЦȻЩ⣬֪ӦԼһߡ
һɱȥ
ɳ豳һ˳ȥڵȥֻԽԽ࣬裬Ϊ˱ɢúܽ
ˮ飬˺ܿսһ𣬾޾ˮ
֮£ˮ˹쵽Զһĳǵ壬γ޷뿪ⷽԲʮ׵ĵط
һˮ㣬Ҫһͨһ뿪
ˣ
ˮȥһ̣ˮ׷һһֻа֮Ӵˣ¶ֻɭɭݣͷһӴС
ݣҪҪĦ˹ͷᡣ
ˮ
ͬʱһȻˮˮ׵壬Դʧ֮ˮˮװ
û뵽ǽˣ¶֮ɫ˵ղŻһ߻ߣˮ֮Ҳûлˡ
Լǰˣˮ˫¶һ˿ϷŰ֮ɫƺڳЦС
ֻҪˮſ޿ڣܽɽ棬Ϊʳ
ϢˮɢΧ׷εһ
һˮ磬϶һƬˮǰ
ղʵܵĺˮ˶棬ڴһ˳
ˣ
ˮЦһ˵ֻֿܾվԭص
Ǻ𣿡
ͳʵҶ㣬Ӧûǵ
ʶҶ֮Ĺ켣˲ˣһδһδѣÿִ̼
ڣ
˻شʮָɴ࣬ɺҵĻţҲҪڳĬȥ
ǵȻݣҲķഺķֻлĺңŲһ⡣
˵Ĳǲڣ
ͳȻһ˳ȥֱӳˮ
ǿߣ
һ̣ͷһȣߣԼסˮ
ͣҪ
û뿪Ҳ׷׳ȥһҲܹ͵Щ꣬ǴҶѧ̫Ķ
ҲǶʮǰðʧŮһɳȡ
ϰﳯԼˮ֮еϷŰ֮ɫأſ޴ܵĺˮʼ
ˣ
ǿˣΧԲ׵ĺˮ˹ȻҲ͵ڣֱӱˮľ޿֮С
Ҫ
ڴʱԶͻȻһӰÿһĻϧһ͵Ѿʧˣˮ̽˶档
Ȼ֮䣬ˮԶֿһ콣ֱ֣ӳˮնȥ
ģ
ˮϳһĿӣûнһֻǻһӶѡ
ˣˮһХΧ׷׳Ҷ˹ȥ
ղųҶ㣬ܵˮ˲Ƚϴ󣬲²ӦǶǡ
ϧһ͵˱ˮȥ

ҶħֱӽЩ˽ȥԼֱˮ
ʱҪնɱˮǼȳһҪɷųˡ
սپûκԥҶʩչǿ似⡣
ΪǺףѹǺܴҶǿʩչһ˺ϣԾʩչ
֮⣡
ˮܵ磬Ҷֱʩչ֮⣬˲ʱ䣬ףˮ磬ЩʵС㣬ֱӱ
ˮҲ⣬ϳһ˿˿绡жٶ衣
񣬰Ҹȥ
ˮʱ򣬸һˮѳˮ档
ҶקˮͷץסβѸٵȥ
ںףҶսʤˮΪǰǻص½ϣҶǰ
׵֮ʧˮʼܵˮϵĳҶ壬Ҫײɳȥ
Զ۵ҲԽԽ࣬סҶĽŲˮ̲֪ͣصϣ϶ᱻɱ
Ҷܸᣬֱʩչ˴ˮԭأ˻ᣬٴ뺣ԽԽ
ʮʱ䣬ܳ棬ˮƵԽԽüβҶ
Сӣ
ĽʱҶ㣬ڵҪˮѳˮ϶ܣòˮҶĿơ
û޷ٿأ
Ҷ㻹ûüö֪ôʹá
ҶҲҽˮսħ֮УھħȫѹɫĽûжĿʱҶ㡣
ˮʵǿһħŪɳ׾ˮײħҶˡ
ƾٿأǧ֮һҲסˮһԣ취
ĽҲǼǣܰҶֻˣκζˡ
ã
ҶûκԥֱӼƯˮΧҶûκԥֱӼһξѪǿд֮С
̶˲䣬ҶƺȡһЩϵֻ΢΢ϾҶûнֻ˫Ϥˡ
ʼٿأҶͨϣܰԼˮ
ϧ޷ӦƮˮ£ڲϵ³ҶʮŭˮͻȻһɨ䣬˳ȥ
ʧȥˮβһɨҶֱɨ˹ҶʮΣˮϵȥˮԽԽԶ
Ҷ˫ۣ׼һѣеԪһȫȫӿ뵽ɫ֮С
ˮβҪɨҶʱֵˣɫԼ


1489 
ҶеԪ񣬴˿̽ϣȫڽɫ棬סˮ͵˲˵ԼҪȥ
ˮľβҶԽԽҶԪľ޷ֵ
ֽʱ̣ȥһЩӦͻȻ⣬䷽Բʮ׵ľ롣
ɫȻһɫˮϲ˺üȦ
ˮͻȻֹԭأô޷ѽɫ
ԽңȻһʼս棬ˮ¶֮ɫڶƮˮס
ߣ
ûκγɣҶٴץסˮ壬ٵĳȥҶڵԪȣܲٿضݵ˲ѾǼޡ
·ҪˣڳٳߣѾ

һȣ֮ˮˮ棬вû뿪ͻȻˮˮһ׷˴
ˮҶץ֮󣬸¶֮ɫ
ǳҶǿҲ½ϣں磬ʵѹųϣ˵ԸˮԸ㣬ʮѡ
ҶʲôôˮץӽɵĴڡ
¶֮ɫһĲţ˼·ڶ·С
ǿ쿴ɫסˮ
ۼ⣬ˮϵſˮ
ʲôΪǿ׵ס˴ڡ
ѾǴ˿̵ĸܣҶϵ׻жٱ
ԪδʧҶɫںϣˮˣҶֱʩչס
ûΧ˵ֱˮٵĳ½ϷȥʱҲ֪Ǽˮôˡ
ЩΧ۵˷׷¶֮ɫҶҲ½ϷȥҶҪʲô
ʮ֮½س֮УҶһӣˮʯϣʱ䣬ˮѪܡ
ɱ¾֮ĽˣһиˮԴֱӷѪмʮԶ۳һСϪΧ͸ȥ
ûֹͣҶиһһ磬ˮʬһ̣ܿ쵽ˮĸ
ҶС˺ܶ࣬ɱ¾֮һиܿ쿴ˮθ
θ㣬һɫʰʮֶģˮθһС治֪װʲô
СĽθпʶ͸ȥҶʮֽţ¶ǼѾˡ
ʶȥʱ򣬷΢֮һŷθ˺ѣˮθϡﻩһѵĶ
ĺǣĹͷԼʳ͵˾Щ֮С
ľԶЩ˲ҶΪնɱˮˣԭҶߵ˱ˮȥҶ˴ŭ
ϵһߣˮϴɾ֮ҶϢǵָҪҶǣһѹֻǶݵϢʹȥ
һյʱ䣬һ˫۵Ǵ󹷣һã֮ɫ˿ܣҶ֮ɵǺǵЦȫٺĸо
Ӷ˷׷ѹܾЩţǾȻû
ˣȵǣ
͵˷׷վҶһԣѲ³ӦҶˮнǾȳ
˵ز˾뿪Ȼص˵
ҶûиǷϻڲҵ̫õʱ䣬ħɽʱѹҶͷϡ
һ֪ԼϺ϶᲻ϧһд׷ɱ
ǻûзԼȻصˣ󣬿ԵħɣôҲüֵʮ֮
ûκһ˷ٵ뿪˷ٸȥ
Ҷ뿪ҲٶȥҶ뿪֮󲻾ãħɳˡ
Ѱ˶ϺϧһҶѾ뿪
ڭħʮŭһץҶ㣬ѾյϢʮ֮󽫻ή٣Ҳϵħ磬ȡɼħ
ֵ֮ʮˣħ̥δ׻ָʵۿۡ
һħ̥ѣĩգħ̥ܷ編Ծͷħ˼磬ħ˶ħͷӴԺΪħ
֮Ҷ˻ص֮Уһ
ˣҶ򵥵ĸĸмŮһ䣬ֱӱչأڽĲʱڣɫöص
ɫ磬صһ˻ʱʻòˣϾʥĿǰʵ޷
ǲȱĵѶȱȽС
û˴Ҷ㣬ȫ裬ַĸоһз紵ݶ
ħҲʼǿʼٽƺתƵ˺
ϵħӿ뵽򣬵мͨжˣҪҪƺԶľ롣
ңҶóԻͼûκԥֱ˽ȥ
ֻ֮ҶŤʱ䷨򣬽Իͼʱ䷨Ըıһ£һ꣬һ졣
ҪһҪá
ҶҪҪüʱ䣬ûаԻͼҶ㻹Ĳ֪ô졣
ʶħſҪĿռ䣬ҶЦһôĵǵһ൱ԼһС
ĺüѻΪ޾ķȫ䵽Ҷ棬
ȻûҶʵȴÿ춼ڷ仯ԽԽʵȻҲԽǿ
ҲͬǰɾҶ̫߳ԭ
գ
Ҷ޾ħ棬ɫȫʼգܶ෨ҶûмʼĿɽķ򣬳ɽ֮⣬޷ҵ
һ׳ķ򱻰˳ߣ뵽Ҷ֮С
Ȼ䣡
ҶǵƤһɽ編򣬲㽫űˡ

ϥ£Ҷȫκε׳ķһֱӾ֮С
ˣʼ죬ĥɽϢԽԽŨҶ˾ֽһ󲽡
úúãɽ編ҵʵᷢ츲صı仯ˣҲһ
һ֮Ҷ㷢ЦڰԻͼ֮УԶԶ
ϰףǶһɽ編
Ҷɱ¾֮а˱һգôһҶһ˸޷ȫգÿԶǣȡƷ
ڳƷˣ
Ľ׷˷ܵĺУһ뼫ƷͲһС
൱һһͲǷѾǷӵУһЩֱӷɽ硣
Ҳڷɽ編ϴں֮󣬸øʵ⻪˸͸Ϣ
һˣһһ
ϵɣɣʱҲڿٵţת֮䣬ԻͼѾȥüʱˣɫĽҲڿٵС
ɱ¾֮а˱˾仯


1490 
ı仯ǰ˱˸ڽ˼Ʒ
ɱ¾֮Ҳʾɽ編򣬳ɹĽҲ뼫Ʒĳ̶ȡ
ֻһܳΪڵ֪ҪǰǿٱҶԪҲֻмƷ֧Ԫ
ͨ޷Ҷ󣬵Ԫעȥƻֱѡ
ʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ָĹ˳һ飬ٸӵϡ
һӴ򿪣淢ӲӵĹâ棬ʮִۡ
Ʒɾҷˣ
Ҷ˷ܵҪгЩװĶɾһƷҪǰõƷɾ֪˶ٱ
Щɾ˿ԸõķչˣƷɾѾ޷ԼգЩƷɾ԰Լ˾硣
һͻƵ˾磬û㹻֧ţͻƣЩɾ֮衣
Ľ׶ǰ̾ôƷɾڷ缸֣ܳҶһ˾͵õöɽ磬һʲƵԴ
ʰ֮Ҷһķ뵽֮УһһöƷɾȡŨ
Ʒɾǲһ
һöƷɾҶ㼸һյһɶ
ڻƷɾһʱɾȻһʱһ֮ǰӣֻǼһѡ
˿̵ĺѾңħ岻ϵ֣Ϳ̿
Ҵ󲿷ħ׷׳˿ٽҪ
գ˲ϵеȫټ治̫ƽħƺˡ
˶Σϣ˸Ͻˮ֮С
Իͼ֮УҶȻԭأϹᴩһɫֱӰʣҶͷ֮ϣϵ
ҶԪԻûΣԪĴȣӽˡ
׵˸ı糹׿סˣڵҶ㣬Ӧÿ˵֮µһˡ
δͻƵ˾磡
ҶЦһɫս֮УȫϢһ˿ź
ɫȫԼյһ룬ħ֮һʣ֮һøĽˡ
Сӣżǰڻ۵̫ˣҪͻˣѶҲǳ˺üٱҪ׼
ĽϽ˸һСˣҶϣŰοĿ
һûôðοңЩҪ˳ȻڵԸѾ⡣
Ҷʮţʵ֮ڷûΣˣֻҪһ죬˾硣
ܺãҸҿ϶һ̫ã
ĽҲϻˣҶ棬Ŀȡմﵽ̶ȡ
Ҷ㣬ٴóɫ׼
ɫɱ˸һ˵·ҶһֱŻɵ̬ȡ
һ˿˿ɫƯϣӵõ֮Ҷһֱûϸ۲죬ȵڣ׼ϸϸ۲ʲôɡ
ʶһɨɫܿ챻Сסˡ

С־۵ףȻǿסˡ
֮ҶͨͨˣҲԽ֮նɱ˵ľѪ
ܲͻƵ˾磬Ϳɱɽˡ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫԼ鷳ˣһҶ㲻նɱӶԷϵɽ編򣬸
ϴ˾ͽ棬Ҷ㻹㣬ԷϾûзɽ磬ķǺܴ
Ҷ㻹ǸоԼкܴİҪ˵ľѪ
ֻʣˣҶ㻹δأЩΪ˷Բǧ֮⣬ħ壬Χס
ر죬ħ忪ʼٽдػѱħ̤ƽ
򣬷׷׽Ŀעӵ˺ֻǸ㲻ףΪħ嵥ԾˣѵΪҶԭ
ħɳˣħ죬ϵ˵ķ֡
ҶСҹ
ħŭһɪɪֻס˶䣬Ȼ赲ǵĽŲȴ赲
ô죬Ϊħ嵥Ǿˣ
˾гʵֻǲ⣬ôħ٣뵽ǰδеΣ
ϴһˣͲˣܻܲΪġ
ֻһһһʱ䣡
üͷ壬˰ᵽ֮󣬼ûͣҶʧʮʱ䣬˴ڷչڡ
Ҷعˣ˾ͽ棬延죬ΪеΣȥˣ˭֪ħɽ٣һһ˳
Ŀ׷׾ۼˣ˾ͽŹȥ֮ãٴӭһξ޴Σ
һܲܿȥ˭Ҳ֪ΪħɣȻҶǿҲһ˶Ըˡ
Ȼ˸ˣ޲˸Ͻ·֮ڽħܣʤ
ȱˣħ壬һ˫ĺ÷
ħһŭ𣬿ɿЩ˵ӣʵСĵȫ磬͸
ʵǿ֮˹㳡ϣ۾ʱ׼ӭս
Ҷ㻹ڱչأǧܴȫս
ҶСٲ󷨣ͽ˵ȫԵ
ħЦһʵѪ⣬޲ھͳɱȥ
ڹԹԵĹǻῼǷŹһΣҲϣ޹˰ɡ
ڭħѭѭգϣҶ񣬿Լ̡
ڷϻˣƾˣһʱԽ֮ƵҪ·Ͻȫ󡣡
hħˣϴξǱҶʱ䣬ߣһξҶˡ
ֱ󣬳˻δǿнĨƽõ֮취뿪硣
䣡
󲻶ϵĻζԶԶ
¼廹Ƿڵ˷׷׸ϵ֪ʲô飬䶼ΪħָյҪҶ㡣
ƫƫҶڻڱչأ֪ںδԼ
੡
ôѪ⣬ҵħħúõһ
hħɺ촽֣̤ĽŲһս˽᳹ױħ
ʮ˵˵ˣ¶֮ɫϽӣҶ
Ŵ⻪ԽԽҲʼϴ֮ˣеҪػԼļˡ
ģ
һ죬󷢳ҵĻζСʱ䣬ħͣĹֵܵ˹Ҳġ
ҶСٲˣļͳͳҪˡ
ħٴЦڵȭͷݺݵ˴֮ϡ
ηСУ
Ȼ֮䣬һӰҶ㡣
һֱڰԻͼ֮У֪淢飬صһ̣ϳ޾ɱ⣬ֱӳ˳


1491 նɱħ
ڴҪֲסʱҶˣԾǿ̬֣˲嵽⣬ħɶˡ
ǣ
ħ֮Ҷ֮еɱԣϴβ˵û뵽ǽվȻ
ҶСڳˣϽȻǻˡ
ħЦҶڳˣһξڸҶߵĻᣬγ˼л֮ƣҶġ
Ҷ֣ԶΧ۵ˣˣҶһ亹ħɰ൱ˡ
ǿɲ˾ͽԱ⣬Ͼ˾ͽûзɽ磬ֻͼ˶ѡ
ǰħɲͬħ磬ɽһʵȫһ档
һˣţҶаħɣĴҳ֣Ȼû˿Կ⡣
ϧĴһֱ£ħʴ˼½ҲȻ޶ԡ
ϴҶնɱ˾ͽʱĴҵ˳ֹܿʧ伣
ҽûã
Ҷ䣬Ϊҹζ࣬ͳ׽նɱԺиħǰ
ҲҪˣɱһӰ٣նɱħɣҲҪɵ֡
ÿСӣȻԼǾͳȫ㡣
hħһУ峤ֱ룬һȭҶ޾ħһаħ񣬶ʱ䣬һƬڰ
ħƸǲ񷣬ĩһ㣬Щۿˣ׷ˣҿⱻħʴ
һ֮ɫȴְﲻæֻڵϿԼĺħɹ
ȻʵѾﵽ˰ɾȣԵСĿ
ڵˣɾ֮һ㣬ǳĶ࣬û
һˣ˾˲ΪĴһӦҲˣΪҶնɱ˵
ҵ˵棬նɱħɣ
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦû뵽hħȳ֣һ֣ҶҪõƣȻһȳ֣Ҷ⡣
ɣ
һˣҶȫаһɱһҶʵ˺ֹһɼεٶȱ
Ƿ򣬻ԪԽһˣһö൱ھƷˣҶȻûȫգҲ֮һҡ
۷ȣҶ㲻ƷɣʵԸһħɴ´ࡣ
дӡ
Ȼ䣡
һö޴ӡħ֮͸ħֱ˺ѣһɲ֮䣬ˆhħͷϣֻصķÆhħһ
ȵӦʱΪʱдӡϡ

Ȼ䣬һҽг֣hħֱӱҶһ飬Ĳ
ͻʼϲ˵ħڭħԶۿЩˣˣһʱӦ
⡭ôܣ
ʹʿˮЩţһħɾˣ
û˿ԸǽͣʵˣҶһһħɣÿһ˵顣
ҲһҶ𺳣ϳ˼֮⣬˷֮ɫ
˻ˣҶʵԽǿ֤ԽȫħΣҶնɱ
hħ
ħڭħ׷׳˹ϧѾˣhħ
ħɵ֮У˲˼飬һ˿ɵǣҲ޷һhħѵҶͻƵ˾磿
ǻɺ˶ڻɣҶŶ󣬲ʮ꣬ͻƵ˾磬򣬼ʮҲ˳֡
ȻЩ޽˲㣬ϾѾ뵽ɽ硣
ⲻܣҶôͻƵ˾硣
նս̵ĽˣڶӵĿ⿴Ҷ㣬Ҳǰһ߸ϵģ
ûͻˣʵ̫ˡ
ԺԺҲˣħΧˣЩ߲ȫ֡
Ϊ˿϶һգ⵽ħ̤˭뵽Ŀʼֲ֪ʲôķʽ
ҶС
ħڭħٳɣһҶ֣һhħ𣬵ڶ
ڤ粻飬ͽȫնɱ
ҶһΪǣ֮УգۼĹѾ򴩣֪Ҫȸ˾ͽ򶷵ʱҶٱ
ԶɽһݣѺۣѾս˾֮ϣԶʼ
Ҷٳûжãǵƣ򲻵ѣá
ÿԼһԼʵˮľҶնɱһⲻ
ħɵļл֮£ҶͥŲƬҶմκβôҸȷҶѾնɱô򵥡
ħһȭ
ҶͻȻһһöȭħݺݵɨ
־磬Ǽ򵥵һȭҲǣشĽ֯Уݱɸ־
ͻŭȺǳɽҰް˻
ƾһȭħľ⵽ʲôƷɡ
ⲻܣʮ֮ǰ㻹׷ɱŶ̶ʮ죬ôܱôǿ󡣡
ħţҲ˵ʮ֮ڣʵ˼ٱⲻ߼ܷ
̫飬߼ԽͣȻǸñɱľ򡣡
ҶûᣬȭͷһŭХֱѹħϡ
䣡
ħ屻˳ȥһħѪڭħǣƣղһȭҶҪħ
ħڭħ׷¶֮ɫ֮޷Ҷ㣬ԼҪҶ㷴ѹƵƣ̫˼ˡ
ǿ̫ǿˣ˲ǵż񣡡
ɳҸ赸Ҷɱķ޲ҲȥҶ㲢ս
ˣǵ
ѾǶʮǰųҶǸ꣬˿̵Ҷ㣬ǾĴڡ
ˣһ󣬷ɵ˸߿֮ϣսϣһεĿս
һӾ֮ϴԽսԽ죬Ӱˣֻ֮ħƹ˸׵罻֯һ
Ӧ˽սѹեĿпռ䱻ը

һȣһɫħԭأȻ޷ʲôȫǷӵС
ýˣ
סһʣµڭħΪ壬Ҷָأ̤˻ϣɽԼƿ֮Уֵ
Ҷ㣬ɱǣʵ
ħ֮ϣͻȻðħ⣬һףħȻˣħ츳ͨ
ǽһħϣһĺɫʣһȫȫʮʵ
Ųһ̤һȭнɫֻһɫˣħʵ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬֮һնɱhħ䲻͵ϮܲɷֵĹϵԷһʼͲУҲ
ڲͬħڭħ֪Ҷǿ󣬷׷óƣҶҪɱǣҲôס
ҶĵƻһûҪһԼ˳Ҳħ嵽жôǿ


1492 
ħףħʵ˲Ųһ̤ڴѿⷽԲһƬڰ
ҶѹȻħɣħף̤񷣬׷׳ħһɨ¶ϡ
Ҷ㣬׼ɣ
ħֳһͷȨȣһ˵ԴȨȲ֣˵Ĺͷƶɣʮа
һħƾȨ棬˵ϢһаĶ飬ȨϷĲҽУײ
Ҷ㶨һܱ⣬Щĺһߣͽ֮ƵӰ첻ҶĻǡ
ħףΪҾκβˣ
ҶһХɱ¾֮ˣ˱ˣƷһ֡
ħҶ˿·硣
Ȼ䣡
ʢֱħͷϣǿѹ֮ħԭأȻ޷
ôеڣ
ħһȻΪ˱ǵһƷΪӸ֮УɢŨŨĵϢ
ûʸ֪
ָһ㣬ٴѹȥԴֱָڭħıģһƺʧȥʶ
ͫȱ
ԥҶʩչֱͫڭħĻ꺣˫£ڭħʶ𽥻ɢҶץ˻ᡣ
ɱ
ɱ¾֮һɨڭħԴֱӱħ˽ȥһա
ֹǴ֮ħɶҶ˵ҲǴ֮
˵˼ޣгɳĿռ䡣
һͻƵħɵĵزҶ̽սˡ

һĲҽϴڭħھħ֮вϵʧȥԴһ
Ҷһ㣬ֱսħ֮УߵĻᡣ
ڭħˣħŵûɢֱ˱ѹסˣڵϣ־֮ɫ
𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬ħһУͷϵĸƷ˳ȥħɷ˵ȻԶȥ
ߣ
ħҪߣҶܸᣬˮľˣֱӽħԭأ޷
ɱ
ûκԥɱ¾֮ٴγ֣ħݺݵնȥ
ռڱѣҶһΣħǰɺĽ⣬һɨħԴҲ˳ȥ
ಣ
ڴʱħԪӻ꺣ֱ֮ӷ˳ȥΪһ⣬ʧҶԴʱѡԪߡ
ʧȥԪֱӽ֮սħ֮УħߵķҶ¶һ˿ݵЦݡ
ߣʧȥԪˣҲһ
ʧȥħΪϣԪ񶥶һ󣬳ҵµ¯
ʧȥħɣЩһţǰħ׷ԶߣҶ̫ˡ
ߣΪ˺۸ɣ
Ҷֱӳ˳ȥɱħ䣬һɨѹһħһƬ
˵˷׷׳뵽ս֮УħʧȥĹǣѾսսˡ
̶һʱҶնɱʮħ壬֮ϣѱħѪǣЩħϣҶʮǿħ編
ٵ޾ѪЩľһ󲽡
ʧأǰħԼл֮£ɾħ壬Ȼȥʱֻʮ
նɱħ壬˵ΣЩɢޣնս̵ȵȣ׷׼ħ岻Զһ
ҶħһܳȥҲһָ
λħ壬򶼲ˣħʱʲôжˡ
һδĶǾ񲿶ӣҶնɱ֮ŪҲһܾ˵Ľ
֮ǰܾˣϵͳǧֱ꣬ǧ֮󣬲ſʼգţһħս
ս֮µĿ꣬ŲƺɽжѺȱĽҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ȼûܶʧȴ˴Ӵʧʧȥ˼԰
ŲƵ솴ǣҶɵ˿УͻȻӡ֮Ϣ֮档
ܿ죬꣬Ǵ֮꣬Ҳ֮ҶѾһЩء
֮󣬵ϱħʴֲٵصõ֮ԪҲһϡ
ľǷ괺һϵķѿߣɽӺҲһָҶ㶮ˮԪأ˼꣬ԭɿݵĺ
Ԫ޸ɽ壬Ԫ޸أˮԪ޸ľԪֲԪһɽεض
֣֮ɢ棬໹ֲõͣøӴҲõ
ˣ
ϲڵأҶͷΪҶһصûҶ㣬˻¶޽ͷ
ЩųҶԼţоǷɬǸҶѾһˡ
ҶʸûУֻĽĤݣĳ
ԼĶӻָ솴ǵò̾Ϣһ¶һ˿ı顣
״ˣôˣ
ҶͻȻÿϳֵĹ֮ɫֱʵ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷת뿪
Լ׿ĺ󱳣ҶҲĪӿһ꣬ƺ˸롣
ҲΪͻƵ˾磬һͻƣҪ뿪磬ӴԺɷһӶ޷ڼˡ
뿪֮Ҷսʤħɣ紫ԣҶѾˡ
ȻҲ⣬˸Ǽᶨ˵Ҷˡ
һҶΪˣ϶Ҫ뿪ǵģԴ˿̣һƬžŲ֣ʧȥҶ㣬൱ʧȥĹһ
ѹָղ̾¶֮ɫ֪ϲǡ
˵ԼĺͻĸӦúܸˣ˷֮ɫ
ͻ֮ҶҪ뿪ˣЩᣬ֮飬ҲΪһڣӴԺҲ޷
Ҷû˵ĬĬĻصԼԺӣҲǺܺá
ȻԼûͻƵ˾磬һ綼ᵽʱҪԼĸĸ
ϰף˵һͻƵ˾磬ɲԽĸһȥ
ҶϣĽʵֻĽ˽ɽһ̵
ĽҶļϣô꣬Ȼ֪Ҷ㵣ĵʲôҲ֪ҶΪʲô鷢
ѣ
Ľ˵һ֡
ȱ˵ɽܲܰڵľ磬ɽ֮󣬾һͨˣ֪ںζɣ֮⣬ʲôûУΪӦ𣿡
Ľ׷ʵɽ粻ͬڷ磬һȥͻһͨһûбܿͻᱻץߵū
ҶҲûбǵĽ˵ѣڷ硣
Ҷ˵ͷ뵽ˣֻ뵽ҪĸֿҶͺܲ
һ⣬ɽ磬ܶණǴȥģñһȥ⵽ų⣬ǱԪȥ»ûͱɽ羧ڼѹ
ĽٴҶ㣬ûָǲܵɽġ


1493 ʹ
˭ҲûǰţŮʮʶȤҶϱЩأ׷뿪ҶԺӣҶĽ׵ദ
˼Ƕ޷ˣ
ܴ˷ɽ磬ҶæʵǶ޷ߣҶڷȵȫ˾硣
㲻оħ𣬵ǿһԣΣգȰ㻹СΪá
Ľѣħ룬ԴҲԽǼȥ
Ȼָˣĸڷ磬ˣǱҪɽȥ
ʵҲôۣʵɽ磬һ÷˷ɽġ
ҶյӣĽҶ㣬ʵлġ
Ŷ˵˵
Ҷ¶һ˿ϲɫɷ֮䣬Ҳһϵ
ǰɽ㹻ĵλÿһǷǰģԿһ·䣬߿Դ
Ľ׸Ҷһ裬ʵкܶ෽÷˵ɽ硣
ԭˣѹֺܶϴ˵ͻȻ򣬿԰շǲǶΪ·ԭ򡣡
Ҷƺˣ½кܶഫԣ˿ټƶ·ڷµĺۼ
˺ܶ£õɽ罱շͻȻ򣬲˾磬ֱӷʤΪ·ԭ
˵Ĳúðհɣɽһĸ֮󣬲ʸӴ·
Ľ״ŰοĽ֮Уһ˿ΣΪԭûиҶ㣬·ڼǰͱƣ˸ֻǸҶһѡ
Ҳĳһ죬Ҷ̤Ҳһ
û̸ȥҶѾ⣬ͻ˻кԶһ·ҪߣĿǰҪġ
ҹ٣콫·ӣڴ˳ҹߣֻĿ˷ɡ
һҹҶ㽫еħ編Ѫȫ֮С
Щħ編񾭹һҹʱ䣬˷츲صı仯£һīɫס
Ҷ㾪ϲǣڭħϣҵ˺ܶħһ죬Իͼһ꣬ħ֮е
վˣһ̤ţҪ֪˴᲻ήٺ򣬻˵Լε
˲֪һ⣬ֻˣںδ
ͣǲ˵ټڴҿҪסʱ
Ͽճһ󲨶ѡ˺򣬹Ϊħأ˽ٴ˴
һ˸ڽˣˣû硣
ϴ޽翪·Ͼܶûмǽ죬еĳǰ
Ҷվ߽ϣǿգΣٴ٣Լһ·Լ϶
ʮ⣬솴һɽϣ֮󣬺ܿǰȥӭӣҲɳ˼ˣҶ㲢ûв롣
ħ֮⣬򣬸Żм׷ɳϲӭɷ壬ʥˡ
ʮˣɫףֳֳìʱ콫һһ䣬˫ۿգһ̬֮ơ
Ҳû⣬˭˼ˣɽģڷӦþǸ߸ϡ
˭ԺԺ
мһ׵¡һ㣬Ⱥ֮ը졣
μǰԺԺ
Ժһ͹ģϽǰμλˣ˸˷ܵĹʡ
ιͨɽ磬ԺɹɽԺϵϣ֪ʲôʱ·
ʥ丮һǰ
˼⼸λǰθɽ繵ͨ丮֮⣬Żзʥɽ綼ȡϵ
ٻԼʥԪŵķ׷ǰһμˡ
丮أΪβǰҡ
˷һȣٴγ֣ڳ˶䷢巢
Ⱥ֮Уϳһ˿֮ɫֻû뵽丮ɽ羹ȻҲϵ
丮ʮ֮ǰͱҶ㸲ֻмߣȥ丮ȥ
ܼžһƬû˸˵һҶ㣬ҲҵһˣǲҵʮΡ
׷ʲô飬丮ǲǲɽˣ
ŭꪣһζԶɽʯϵĻ䣬¡¡
˭ܸң丮ȥˡ
ǿѹ˱ѹƵĴֱӵԴʮ˵ϢѹһУ׵Ļ솴ǡ
ʹˣˣ丮ڿԳԩѩˡ
Ⱥ֮У߳һӣͷң¶ݵʱһȻʧʮ丮塣
μʹˣ丮κζʮǰ丮һҹ֮䣬һ¾
һѱһ˵ʮǰԵ˵һ顣
丮ˣѹʦ½ʱһҪ丮Ϣ
˾ȻᵽһˣƣҲ丮ţڹŽҶ֣֮ϧתɽѾ
ԭʹʶƣϧһӢţȴС֣֮˼Ӻʹ
ʹУ¶ЦݣɽѾվȽŸȻҲʹϵϡ
İɣʦɽǳĺã죬ת֮󣬴ĽᣬѾǰĥѶһ飬Ժ·϶˳˳ˮ
ʹĿƺЩηƣ˵ƵĵλҪҪߡ
˭丮
ʹһȣȺٴһ󾪻ţ˽ŭйϣҴһ£׷׵ͷ
ʹҶ㣬ħ壬丮γֻǼϹͷ˳
Ĩȥ飬ڹҶ㣬ҰҶħϵһΪʹĿģħ塣
˭Ҷ㣬վ
ʹɨһȦΪҶҲЩ֮С
ʹˣҶ㲢ļȴϣʹ丮һס
ݺݵĵһ䣬￩һ£ʶ˲
ʮˣƾҶһˣԵֵ
ܺãڴȥҶ㣬˭ôĵӣһš
˴һɨ侹Ȼǰ޷ȥҶ㡣
ʮˣˣƺƵĳ˸ȥ
һۣҶʧʮ֮һ£ûһͣԽԽҡ
һٵħɣžʮˣһûڿҶ㣬ƻᱻʮ˳ɱ
յʱ䣬ʮ˳Ͽգ£ǵĿ֮У⣬ǿѹֱ֮ӽ˵ػֱӱ顣
˺ķһʱ飬ʮֻһʱ䡣
һѣҶûֹ֪վҪġ
˭Ҷ㣬ҹ
ʹһȣ׳ӵÿһأǲڵ£
СˣҾ֪ʹ˽к£
ҶͻȻʮʹǰ׵ĳ֣ʮʹ˭Ҳûз


1494 
ʮˣվ֮ϣ˭ҲûиӦҶγ֣·һֱǵߡ
Ҷ㣿
һֱ˵ʹһ˿֮ɫΪҶԼȻû񣬿ҶģȻǷƵʲô鲨
ʹȻ֪αʡ
Ҷ㸺ֶƮƮ֮ϣﰵҶһѺ
֪
ͻȻһŭȣҶȻҪһȫ˵棬ά˵ϡ
Һ֮У
ҶһߣʧΣѹвҶ㡣
ʮһ˱仯Ȼղֻʮ֮һҲǷֵܵҶ㿴ҲɾȻֵܵ
ţɱԣΥ˵û
ȣò˶ĤʹΨҶ㣬Ȼ޶ԣʮ˵ĵһ׼
Ŷҵ֪ѵʹûմȾѪûɱˣѵ˵ʹҲΥҲ
Ҷһų֮ɫ丮ʱҶƶϳˡ
ϴСĳ֣͸Ҷһӣڷ磬СԼƣǶתҶ·Żɵ̬ȡ
ȻһЩϵиչһ丮˭뵽ڹŽ֮Ҷص丮ţγ
һСӣ㲻ҽʹɽ磬ʮ˵ֻء
ͻȻɱȻȻɱˣһɱ˲٣ɽ磬ĸûм
ʹαضŭֻʵʵ˵ѣʹǵҪңҶĳһ±ǡ
ҶƣʮΣҲܲף͸ԼҶ㶼ɣǵħ壬ַԼ
ʹϢŭȮӲأһõĽѵֻǰħ嵱ʹǲҪħ壬׷Ȯӵ顣
ָɣֱվ˳ʩһ񣬾Ȳ׷Ҷʱ򣬶ǶԸħ塣
ʵﶼףʱ䣬Ҷʮʱ䣬緢仯ʮʱ䣬ʮ˶ˡ
üͷһ壬Ͼ˶ǸһģֻҪǲƽϣ˴£˶
䣬Ҫתƻ⣬ħȻҪʹѾˣħ壬ǲʱ𣬵ǽ죬Ҫ丮һ˵
վ˳Щнһֱûᱨ·û뵽˻ᣬһҪɱҶ㡣
˵Ĳħ岻һʱֻǺ棬ΪħָյҪɱ㡣
ڸղŵĹ򵥵ĽҶڷ鶼˽һ顣
˵˶¶֮ɫû뵽Ҷڷ˳˳ˮɱħɣϵһˡ
ʮʹԿһۣӱ˴˵֮пͬĶҶ֮Գɳ֮죬϶ʲôϡ
ʹ˻Ǻ棬ѵʹûһ仰𣿡
ħɵ飬Ҷ¶һ˿аЦԼڷѾ˾֪Ҳ֪ղŻ彫Լе鶼Ӧ뵽һ㣬κ˶档
ʲô
˵֪˶׷̧ԴҶ㿴˹
ĺ˰
Ҷĳ˵ȻʮϧںȥŪûᶪ
㡭
ܿҶڳԼ˵϶¶ŭ֮ɫ
ѵ˵𣿷鲻ȥЩƤëС£ҷעģС˵Ŀ飬ߵڰףǷǲ֣Ϊ·ܻⷲѹⲻ֪һѣһ֮ѡ
Ҷ̾ϢȻ˵ôһ˵ˣﶼһ£ҶҪսĽࡣ
˼ˣҶ㰵Щ˸һ֮ѣڰײ֣Сơ
ȻҶô˵ϹҲסˣ¶ɱ⡣
Ҷ㣬ȻˣҾͳȫ㡣
ŭһɨһҶݺݵɨ˹ȥֱӽռиһΪ
ƾҲɱңǲ
ҶһЦûָһ㣬һƽˣһХ
ͣ
˳ȥ׵Ľˣ·ʲô鶼ûзһӲ˼ǣһε֣ȥ
ͣ
͵һ½ͻȻһ鲽ȻҶĽиԣҶղŵĽԽնɱ
ôܣ
𾪵ĺֹǿֵˣ˶ԭأٳûзӦˣһ˲ɱˡ
֪ʪһƬϱЩѿ˵棬ôκ˶޷ܡ
Ҷ㣬
һŭ𣬾ȻҶ
ֲɣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҳվ˳סȲҪ嶯·ĿǶԸħ壬ɽøԤκ顣
֣㲻ҪңұҪնɱ֪ߵغСӡ
ҪҪնɱҶ㡣
ǰ֣ǴеĿĲøκεĹϸ𣬻˼С
һվ˳ϣԴΪأҪΪ˶ԹӰ֡
֣ϵı΢΢һЩҲôԡ
֣ɱαҪԶֻ֣Ҫһ£ͿΣһ˳֣նɱˣԺмӰ죬Ӱǵݣ˵ǲǡ
ͻȻ¶һ˿̵Цݣ뵽ĳơ
ߣ
Ҷ㣬ħеǰӦħȥɱħйҲ׷Σϣܴǰ飬ҿԼ̡
̬ͻȻһһٰʮȵĴת䣬˵Ҷû뵽˶ʼϲΪͻȻˡ
˲ԼĶˣҲʼ
ʹˣ԰丮ʮˣ֣֮鲻ôˡ
׷Ҷˣվסˣֱӳ˳ǰնɱҶ㣬丮
丮֪ˣħ֮һỹһ
ûỪ壬̬ת̫ˣ˵˼άϡ
Լˣʧһƨ˵ϣһƬ԰֮ɫ
ΪķŹֻȥˡ
һȣǴֶΣڻԺ֮ը졣
ĺȳ⣬վ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫƺͼ
ˣһ£βħ顣
һ֣˶Ȼﵱ˴ӪҶܲȴ˵Ǹойı档
Ҳ׷ʮİ֮£ףˣֻ档
Ҷڷʵǿһ¾ͷҶΪħ󽫾ˣɱħи̽һЩʵڻ棬һ
ֱͷҶΪħ󽫾


1495 ħ󽫾
ڳǧˣ˭뵽䷢һ
Ϻܶ¶ЦҶɵӣ֪ҶȥɱħиⲻѰ·ʲô
Ҷնɱħɣħ֮ǣħ϶ưոݣпɳħ
ħ̥ڼʱҶǰȥ˾֮·˽֪
ʹˣȮ̫ˣʵѵ˴Σʹѡ˰ɡ
æվ˳ʩһϣѡˣȻ֪Ҷ㣬ϣлء
ڽô𣡡
ͻȻƶҶûãǶ䣬м
ңңΪȮӶײʹˣȮӵǸϣʹ˲С˹ԸȮӳ
ͻȻüᶨȥҲҶȥûԼԼչȥʧȥҶ㣬˽ķѡ
һ¾ģѵҪľ
һȣٴγֻ֣ҶĮĿŸΪԼ飬ɱҶ
ҴӦˣ
ҶͻȻ˵Ӧħ󽫾Ըɱħи
ܺãԱһ㰲ţǴĵطʱϢˣ㿭
¶һ˿̵ЦݣȻˣҶˣʲôСҶ㵨жģ˶Ϊᡣ
֮ѡΪݵ㣬ǰסҶòӡ
һҶʮѡ˵һ̣֪
ٳٻûͻƣҶ㲻⽫ȫնɱ
ֻ̣Ľ׵һδҶ㣬ΪϲߣʣǧʥǰǸ˺Ƥʱ
Ը˿ԣǶԸʮˣҶûаգŪûˣҶ
ܺã²˳٣Ǿͳȼȴ̽ħϢ֮ǻǰȥַ
ıɫ˹ĵϣҶϢ齨ħħ塣
һṼʹУ
ҶһξȻʩˣ벻ԭҶҲˣ¶Ц·𿴵Ҷ㱻ħķѵĳ
ˣ󲿷ֶŻԺˣûʮֲҪȥۣҶסˡ
ˣʲȥⲻǰȥ𡣡
һȭݺݵʯϣʯӦ飬֪˿Ƕôķŭ
һʱ䣬κ˲뿪֮˰ȥ֧ԮҶ㣬Ҷĺ·
ǰҶ·ϱƣҶ֪ҶǰȥǰװΪ
Ȳöŭн赶ɱ֮ƣʵ뵽ˣֻû뵽ôֱӣҪɱҶ㣬ôףˣйעʱҵϢ
ҶԼڣòҪǳֳͻҪ̫򵥣Լʱ䣬һҪʵʵκдԼĽڡ
İˣǾȥǣֻгȥһҪСġ
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վԶˣ˫涣ĳ֪˵ʲôÿҶ뿪
ˣȥοοǰɣ
͵뿪ˣҶ˵ദһᡣ
ЦһҶߵǰǷһ˿ɬЩǷǵ̫ˡ
Ҷ磬㲻ðοˣ֪ô
ݣ¶΢ЦǲϣҶ뿪֮󣬻ǡ
Ҷ磬гȥһҪСģǵ
÷Ҳ˹һһ䣬ǴŰοҶ㲻õġ
Ҷʮָжǵ˿̣Լǣ꣬ҶΪ
ҴӦǣһˣһᰲǣҲ뿪ˡ
Ҷ㱣֤νѹȥˣúõǣͻͻˣҶ㲻ȥˡ
㣡
Ժ֮УܿһЦ
һʮ˱һ޴ԺӵС
ôǲЩ̫ˣһȥħϢѰ·
˳վԺ棬ǰʵ
ǵ³ûеɱѾʴȡ
һߣûᵥ֮Уɱ⡣
·ӦܵĽӴ˭֪Ҷεĳǣ˲һ˵λδ档
ҶҲ޹֮ʧ丮Ѿˣ丮ŰԵҶ㲻еˣôǲΥ͡
ΪҶ˵ûбҪŪôԴ˭á
ѵֹҡ
¶ŭ⣬Ҷ飬ֱӷ
Ϊ֮ɣ
Цһûм˵ȥϣиԲĽ֣Ȼθɽ罻
Ϊ·ɽ·ˣԷܻܲħѣϣȫϡ
Ѿ뿪ˣ䣬շ֪ʶϾǳɽ磬Էʮİ
кܶഫԣ˸Ů˸飬˷ɽݣһˣ䴫ԣںܶطֹ
ɫһ׼ˣǾϸѡģνľϸѡ˶ϵϣеĲУʵö˵ʵߵĲ߽ٵɡ
ЩбҶֻ΢΢һЦȫ⣬ɳڶľӢҪǳһɸֻǵһȥҪҪǵ˭Լȥ
Ҷ㣬ѾΪˣڿԳˣף㿭
һ۵ģҶļԤףɹõϢ
лʹ˵ĹģһṼʹ˵ࡣ
ͦˣħ󽫾ǶôһΣһ˴ͷ⣬Խžһķ̡
ãɣ
һ£˵עĿ֮УҶ㳯ǰ˰֣һǰĵĶԼһᰲȫĻ
ע֮£Ҷһ˳ʧ솴ǣħ򿿽
һħشתƵħħ̥ҲתƣζԽԽԣѵļ
Ϸ編仯Ĵճϵƣڽħ򣬲ô鷳ҲýѪħ뿪
н֮УϸѡǲӣһȺɢȺһϷСƣһħ֮Уƺµ˽
Էŵĺ֪ܿȥҲûˣһʱ䣬úõһ
ˣҶҡҡͷָǶԸħ϶ˣԼЩ˶ԼĸҲá
Ҷ㣬
ʱһϱ۴󺺳Ҷ֣Ⱦƣѵüһһء
Ҷԥһ£˹ڴ󺺲ԶܿҶùƱơ
Ǿ㣡
ϱ۴ľƱҾҶһ


1496 ħ
Ҷ˶еıӣҶ㾴ƣҶʮ𾴡
Ҷ㣬㲻ôӦģ
±еľƣϱ۴̾ϢһҶϧ
ŶΪβܴӦ
ЩˣƺԶ볾Ϊα齨һҶʮֺ棬̶һҹʱ䣬ļˡ
·֪ǿҲնɱħɣˣ֪ħ֮Уԭһ塣
ϱ۴ҪԼƫƫʮѡ
˭ǣħ·һ
Ҷϸϸ˵ȥûдϣǶ֪ǱƲѣߵһ
⻹𣬰Ƕڻң˵ĺȥϢǰװ׵Щбɼħɣͽȫɱ
ϱ۴ʵʵ˵ʵߵĲ߽ٵɣ̤ħ򣬲ʲô
ģźӱǿסˣôӦط
ҿʼɧҶԭҲвűƲѵĴӦ֪Ϊ˼ˣȡˡ
ǵҶͻȻΪԼǡ
Ҷ㣬Ǻܾ㣬ܸ㲢սǵңҲ
ϱ۴һƽһƣѾ壬Ҷ֮쳹򣬶˾Ҷ㣬Ҳ⡣
ֻˣж񼲣Ϊһֱ޷ͻƣűҵ˶ϣǿץ齨һֱʱĶ飬ɱħ塣
Ҷ㣬㲻֪ɣǰҲһѪȺӣƲֺͱӵ飬ӱ˴ˣƴҲӦġ
ϱ۵Ĵ󺺽дڣѾȵĲʡ£һԺ˯Ҷߵһʮҵ̾Ϣһ˵
ϲϸĸң׷ʲô𣿡
Ҷ㽫еķŭȫѹҪ˽Ϣ
ϣҲ֪ô£ͻȻǧ˳֣Ǹߣ粻ӦնɱȫңӦɱȫ
һ֮̾У̫ᡣ
Ҷûв´ЩѾˣֻһͨˣͨ˵ΪԼǣǵļˡ
뵽ǸҶϵɱزסֱͷų
Ҷ㱳ٶ޹ԼҶ϶һİħϾôˡ
öģ
Ҷ˵˱ɱ֮ģˣֻҪҶɱ֮ˣû˿Զܡ
󲮣ǷģҲðյġ
ҶɨһȦˣȱ첲ȣ̵£һҹ֮룬˸ּ˵ֶΡ
ҶеıӣվڷнĴڣǿգħӹѾħ
ٶȣǰħ򣬱ҪСģһ˿ʧԼİȫõģЩˣҶ㲻ΪԼɢ
֣ľǳɣ
ҶͻȻ˾ħԻаͯľ˳ħ֮УҶֻԸľˡ
ǵħ𣿡
ʮ˷ܣ˼ʮˣϸ첲ȶ㶺ˣڿԸҶһ
ˣжֻҪҾͿˣľڷнϣտЩˡ
ľҲǶʮǰǸëͷСӣҲʮ꣬ĸߴ󣬶ǰЩӣѩߵһ
ʦҲҪһȥȥðա
İľҲﵽ˰ɾʮֲ
УħֵϢһ̤ħ壬пܼħ̥ѡ
Ҷֱֹľѩߵһ֮УҲմȾһЩħֵóȻħŪû̼ħ̥
ʦ˵û㻹ʵʵȥСѩʰ㡣
һԸͣȻϣŮһȥðգҪˣԼŮô졣
״ˣôҲô˵
ľֱţСѩľƻˣϣľֻ˵ĻһҶ㣬һǰѩ
ˣסҽûС
Ҷľʵϵı顣
ͽסˣ
֮ǰҶ㴫˰ľһ󷨣ؼʱ̣ԱЩˡ
ǺãȥϢһз紵ݶ̲ٿطн뿪
Ҷ˵꣬һ뿪˷нʧħ֮С
ʦʧľ̾Ϣһ˴մãã棬Сѩ͸ҡ
ѩ𣿡
ľ˵Щ갢ѩħĥȥüβħֱΪħҺҶ㼰ʱѹħ֡
Ҫðѩħ˳ɳΨһİ취ħģҲħ̥֮ġ
ҲҪһԭȻϣСѩ
СѩδħϣһɳȻ񣬾ӵħǧħ壬пܳΪȪ
˺ܿħҶǹʵΣԶﲻǺϤֻܸҶǰ
ҸоﲻԾΪοħټ
Ժɨһããأħټⲻ߼
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ҶҲˣԲǧħӰӶ̫ˡ
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ҸоħϢ϶ħ˽ˡ
ͻȻͣס壬һħ֮Уŵħζ
ħ粻ģɳĸ
Ҷͷһ£ҲɽһɳʮҶ㻹ıˣвħħв֮УûҶ֮ˡ
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֣ħɽ磬ɳʲôɳƷƷ𣿡
Ҷһֱǲħɳǿĸ
㲻õģɽҲãħҲգΪԭֻܽ͵ȵˣΪǿһ٣ֱӱѣħ֣ƬԼͻˡ
֪Ҷ㵣ĵʲôħ绹ɽ磬ɳǿĿǰʵԸһƷѾǼˡ
˺ܿ쿴˻ȪħŵӰӣһ޴ħֱڻȪħϿգħƣħһ㣬ˡ
ʺҵŨħħ֮⣬缸Ҳ
Ҷ㣬Ȼ֪Ҷʲộħɾбϡ
ħɵķ˰벽ħɵزͲһͻħɾ
ãǾͶһѣ
ҶҲд⣬ʲôϢȥģҶ֮ԴӦϣɱħ壬
ʮˣƾҶһ޷սʤսһ϶ᲨԼļˣҶ㲻ź˺ƤҪԾԵƣͳͳѹ
Ŀǰľ磬ͻ˿϶ܣΨһϣ
ֵһ̣ħƿʼһħӿ뵽ڲ
ʱ䣬ڲħٴ


1497 ɱħ
֮ϣħƹ׵磬ɽ֮С
ħɣöħҶѾ˰ɾ۷壬ֻһ֮ң
Ҳ񾳽һԽֱħɾ
ħѾħ֮ʺҶ֮ʹĴӦܴһԭ򣬾Ϊ
һ˵ʮˣʮҶҲ£Խȫ£ɽ編
ħ編գⷽԲħʧһɶħôĶܿ˻ȪħŸħڵע⡣
յʱ䣬ԶʮӰӣħɣµϢǵضħҲɳʮħɣһֻܴʮˣٶ಻ˡ
֣ʲôĻ𣿡
Ҷǵãֻģܿħ壬ͻڼܱϣɰܾڴһ١
ȻãʵĽħĵ¶
ԭħɣֻʵˣһЩħɵİ壬ҲʩչһЩ
ãһ䲻⣬ȸɵʣ¼Ϊǣ
ҶðһļƻħģͻȻϮʮħͻȻԭأҶʵ͵Ϯɱ㼸
գ̫ˣ
ʮ˷ܣħģҶ˲ڰȻħ֮ħƣ˹
ʮħԽԽƺоȫעϣˣħûгֹһ
û뵽ССķ磬Ȼܳѹ־ʦ뾡һа취ҲҪħͨռ
һ˿˿ħ編ϣ󣬳һ޴ĺɫףֳɱԵޱɲ
ֻǴͷðһ˿˿绡֣žһУ޾ħ編ٴӿ塣
ģ
ʮħɿҪʱ򣬴һʮħɶԭأ޷ħ
ħΪͳħ壬˺ܶħħľ֮һʱǧħ塣
ɱ
ûκۣ֮ͣˮľ꣬иɱ¾
ֵʩչʮħ֪Ҷڴ˵أҲû뵽ħֶ
ʱʮħɾ֪ˣҶħѹûзֻע񣬺ԡ
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ħģħʵĺˡ
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һնɱҶ㣬ͿԿԺԥĳˡ
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ʣˣҶ㲻Ϊ壬ȻУԱӦû⣬ֻҪȵħɾͿˡ
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ħԽսԽҶʵȻǿ˳̶ȣѹڭħ˻С
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ʮֱγȥնɱԣᱻҶл⣬۴С
ΪԶʼɽ٣һɹһħɡ
ұԥˣУҶնɱӲˣ
ʼҶ㣬ɿܣڿ뷨̫ˣǻҲͻƵĻᡣ
ʱ䣬˼ħɢħףҶǵض
СģǺڰս⡣
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һνһΣԵǳѪǿʩչħģķǳĴ󣬳ȥԼͻᱻħĵɡ
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Ե壬ҲϿٵ׹£ʧȥһ˿¶һ˿Ц


1498 
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գ
ûκԥҶ㽫ս˾ħ֮УסֻҪһڣҶܾȻ
Ҷ㻯ħɶ¶֮ɫ֮Ҫ֮նɱôףڼѾɽٳɹ
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꣡
ֻһһħһΪɱնĲ
ᣡ
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ΪͻƲãҪħɷˣ֮еħɷδɢ˿̳ΪƷ
ħ
ʣĿħնɱȴΪΪɢϢ̫ˣʮһ֣лѹ
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һħ壬нΧˮйͨǰľ˴һɾͿնɱнˡ
ɱ
ûκԥҶ˴ɱ¾ʮָΪ֮ϣǧħʧˣڲķҶһɶ
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ӷн֮л߳ҶصˣһֱȺЩ죬˽ҶܶϢȻҶС
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ⶼӦģΪ²Чͣҵҡ
Ҷ㲻ԣŭҶȥϢģҶϢҲˣҲˣҽҶ㡣
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ѹеŭǺɫĳҶʵ
ʹħѨǾһڴħϢ
Ҷ٩٩̸Լ˵ޱȾʣħ壬δսԶĻɫԽԽѿ޲ھȥҶһ١
ܶ˶֪Ҷ˵϶пųɷ֣ƫƫûзĽڣҶ˵ħ׷ɱ˾ţ֮ѳ
ǺƪҶ˵ʱʱ䣬ĭӺɣԶ˵˿ʼЦܿҶڳˡ
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Ҷ˵ˣҲһħ֮ħɣû뵽ġ
²˳٣ʹˣʲôʱַħ塣
ҶͼӴ׵ʵϣˣϽˣȥַħ壬ˡ
ħħ򣬴ڴһ㡣
ȻҶĻȫţҪڴ̽һ㡣
ľҶû˵ʲôκ˶ỳɣȥ飬ħֻ˵Ľǲġ


1499 ħս
ȽƽҶÿ˱ٻ֮⣬ƽʱ򣬶ָ㼸ŮԼľСѩ
ѾϹҪҶȥԸ죬˸һ¥
ЩӣѰնɱҶĻᣬƫƫҶΨΨŵŵδ̼ҶӲԡ
ʮջҲˣҶ򵥣죬˵Ҷ㲻ϣ̫޹ˣΪԼɥ
ʮ֮ھ׼ɱħ򣬽ħ½һƬྻ硣
Ϊ֮еһԱγһˣǾӣҶΪָӣ൱һ衣
ţǲʱ򲻸ҵܲվȽŸͿһսˡ
ʮʱ䣬Ѿħ򣬴Ϣħȷֻʣħɣ֪Ϣ׼ȷ֮Żɱħ
мʮˣƺƵʮಷнٷħ򣬹һ֮һħս⡣
֪ϮЩħҲƵƵ˸ħ壬ħѪħħȵȣħ
ɲһħ壬ʵͶ߰˽ٵɾʵٵ͵㣬ڻң٣ɱ١
֮˼ʮˣҪΪʮˣһʮ򣬺ɨħ壬ٶҲûá
˿̵ħħϣħɴ˿Ҳ飬һ㿿ʮಷнĿ֮Уһ˿Ѫ֮ɫ
ħħ̥Ҫòѡ
ħмµħʵǰܻħΣģֻħ̥ˡ
һʱѣεħǿйħ̥֮Уò˶ãħ̥ɨ硣
ħݺݵҧҧ촽ϴҶһôͷαҪһ
˵ҶҲУĸԵֵһʮˡ
Jħüͷ壬ʮ֮ǰҶĿҶҲУ֮޷ֵ
ֻҪһʱԣ˶ħ˺սҲҪһʱʱ䡣
ħ¶׺ݵ׼˺սħȱľֳٶȾԳ̫ࡣ
ħϴֱնɱҶ㣬нյĽ֣
ħһħԪֱӱˣ֪ϴβһͽҶɱħ˾ҧгݣ֪ܲħ˵˼
׽Ҷ㣬ڿͳħ壬Ҷоͻߡ
һʼֱɱ֣Ҷлܣص֮Уʮʱ䣬ʵ˷츲صı仯
ɱ
һ£ħȳˣħӣƺƵʮսٵĳȥ
ħ廹ݱɱ󣬼ħһ𣬷һԷǳĿɲ
壡
̤нգħһ£߿ʼ
ʱ䣡
ɱ
ɱ
ͷѪп޵
ֲЭϻصһسĽ棬һΪֹĲĶײʱ޿̶ڷ
ħ嵹£⵽̤һһ㡣
ҶҲżһֱǻ˶ΧҶʮʱ䣬дһ׺ϻΪ˷֣˾ɱħ塣
ҪάֲͿˣֻҪѣҶͻ֣󲿷ʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ڱ䡣
ͷɾħ˹ݺѹȥ
һˣѹܴҶʹһɫж˹ȥ仺ѹ
Ҷ㲻չ¶Լʵ˻û֣ҪȣǸħɽսڳҲ١
峿ճϸ߿գħ˺սѾ˿һʱʱˡ
¡¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ͻȻѿһħƳ֣ħ򣬲һʱ䣬мǧͻȻħʴʧȥʶ
ãħ̥ˣ
ϴ˼ʶħֵ̥һ̣ʶˣħ̥֮
ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ղһֱûг֣ǿŷ˽սЩ͸һҲˣְ
ħ̥ǲٵˣڵȥ綼ݡ
ɱĸڷӡħ̥
һ£ʮһ֣ħJħ˷˹ȥɱǣڷӡħ̥
Ҷվڵϣħƣüͷ壬Ϊ֮㤣֪ħ̥һչֳԾ춯أֱӻ硣
ʮ˳Ƿɹħ˲ٳɣȻħ̥˹ȥǹȥħ̥նɱˡ
ڿдսˣڵϽ֣ΪռѾѣʱվڣ󣬻ܻҲ˽ʱֱ
Ǹ־ҶǵãѧԺʱȥһħĳ
Щʱ侧ڣ޷ϣԺƼ궼޷ָһƬ˼
ҶվϣԶ˷ħ̥¶һ˿аЦ
Ϸڿʼˣħ֮أҲǵ֮
ҶУһ캮ɱ¾֮޼ɵͷų
ǼҸףǿ󷨣й޹
Ҷ㳯͵˷Ըһ䣬ʧԭأҲħ̥˹ȥ
˵Ĵûǿƽȴܺܺõķɵɱħ塣
ţѾ˺ܶˣʧأÿħսһνѣ˻ΪⳡѶɥ
ħҲһҪܾòϢҲ꣬ǧָܻ꣬Ԫ
Ȼûչ¶ʲôʵĵطһ˲䣬ò˶üͷ壬׷׷ˮħߡ
ܿ죬ߵѹͻȻӴٴתѹһֻҪħ忿ͱѹ
ߵսѾ뵽˰Ȼħ˼ʮˣһٶԴԴϵӿ
ߣֻʮˣȻħ壬඼ǾӢһ⡣
ħ̥򣬴˿̰Źħ̥ѣһž޴ƯϣΧռһݣϣɢħ
˿ž޴ħ̥ҲǰľѹħԭĶ
ٵˣһħ̥죬˭Ҳ뿪
ʱһ˸Ͻ֣һѹħ̥ħ̥ûҲ뿪
֣
ûԥһ֣еꪷɫâħ̥ݺݵնȥ
ͣ
ħ̥ˣȫ˺ħ̥ʲôһ޷˺ħ̥Ҷվһԣǰľ
ϴҶ֮ûȫնɱ뵽˽赶ɱ֮ƣħ̥նɱҶֻ֮֮ˡ
ħԸԼԼαؿҲħնɱǡ
ʮħһҶһԶʮˣûκʤ㣬ӵҲС
ڲͬħֻʣˣʮˣħ̥ƣ˫ǰ¹˭ֻ˵
ҶֻҪ֮Ϳˣ˫˭Ӯ˭䣬Ҷ˵ⶼҪ
ħɣ˫ʵƽˣҶĿġ


1500 ħ֮ս
ԶħսħսЧһģǾף춯ء
Ѫ۳ɺڵʣĺǣħĺǣѻɽмʮħ֮֡
Ҳм࣬ħɱѻһ߸ߵСɽ
Ѫֱ֮ǲᶨֱӷûкˣûΪԼļˣΪиݵ滷Ǳ븶
֣ħ̥κѹħ̥ħԣɢħ⣬ħȫħ硣
뵽ΣҪħɱҪֵħʴ
ʬǶѻɽѪˮ۳ɺӣһ̣ԵޱȴԾļ̤һһ£Ҷ֮Уûһ˿
ߣʮ˿ʼ֣ħ̥ϵĹһӡ֣Ҫħ̥ӡ
ħǾǷӡħ̥
JħһУʮһħ̥ӡҲ뿪ħûκԥѡ˳֡
ʮˣħɣһħ̥սļҳ̶ȣҪԶսҪմ̼
ɽ⣬ħ編Ҷ㿴ۻңս֮ǰҲû·ƾԼħ塣
͵ħսҲֻҶһˣ˶ħסˣϵɱ
һ׳ɽ編Ҷ㿴ʮ۲ҪԼˣӽ˾磬һֻ̤ȥ
ħ編򣬴ǿħһգһ
ϧҶ㲻ֻ֣ܳܵȣȵܾ˵ʱ
ս뵽˰ȻĽ׶Σʧȡ֮޾ĺڰʱϵ໹ħ
һ̣ޱȵĴһ
˴ս꣬ǵսѾ˵ϵķˣʼϵĺˣԶȥߡ
ħ̥ԽԽ󣬷ֽħһ͸֮УҪ˽ħ֮
ɫʮѿʮһ֣лὫħ̥ѹƫƫħڿǲǻᡣ
ħ̥𽥾ѣҲͻȻ֮䣬ħ̥֮Уһ޾ĺǿĸʴԡ

Ȼ䣬һҽУ˱Ϯ忪ʼãܿ컯Ϊһ⣬ʮʹ֮һ
½
ҪѾˣ½һʧͷʣʲôԸʴˣѹħһֱҪħ̥ѡ
Ҷһħ̥Ǵĵ֮·ԾĵеħˮڻһС
ħ̥ԽԽǿħҲ𽥷ɣħ̥նɱʮûκε⡣
ҲҪӰˣһĳУħ̥׷ӡ
ʱһȣֱꪷ񷣬ɽ磬Ȼڵɽѹħ̥
ѹħ̥
ħǵɽҳɣ˷׷׳˳ȥˣǷӡħ̥
˷׷Чɽ翪ʼͨһ˿˿ɽעӳǵϣʼӡħ̥
ս⣡
ħٴʩչս⣬ֻҪס˾Ϳˣʣˣѹħ̥
СӣѵܿսԺɽ磬Īİ
Ľ˳վҶϣԶս֮УҲ¶һ˿
ˣ඼ɽ磬ڷܿսʱմԽصɽ硣
ûǵսУ˺ܶྭ飬кܴİرǵ⣬ǰ׵ĵطȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷͬĽ˵
¡¡
ԶգʼѿҪܲסħ̥ħ򣬼Ҫݣ޾ĺħ̥֮ͷų
ãħ̥Ҫˣ
˴һ׷˼·屻һεѹסˣǵʡ
Ҳɫ΢䣬û뵽ħ̥Ȼ֮ǿ
ǵħǿмӳħ̥֮ϣħ̥֮ǿ
ͣħ̥֮ǿԭǽħһħͨ
ô죬ǵѷӡħ̥ˣѵǶҪɥڴ𣿡
Ҳһݣԭ½ħһõĲ£û뵽Ҫȥˡ
ҲҪţħҲ޵ģһа취
侲ɽħ̥ĵʾܵļС
⣬ħ̥֮ϣɽ֮ҫ֮ħ̥ȻĲҽУһϲϵŤ
ħ̥ݻһʮɲҶȿģࡣ
ģ
Ȼһը죬ħ̥޾ĺɫʣһַ꣬Բ

ԶһһҽУЩɫֻҪմϣͻḯʴһѪˮ۷ɾ
Ⱥ֮Уԭ͵ϮҶ㣬˭֪ɫմϣֱӻΪһѪˮ
ħҲ⣬һЩСħ壬ܲסɫʵʴʼڻ
ǿħ壬˺ɫ֮󣬷ʵ
еĵطվ򣬿ĺɫʣ֣Լ
͡
淢棬ԽԽŵɫٴһ䡣
źɫҶĵļ񣬿ʼɣЩħħ֮Դ˵Ǵ֮
Ȼ֮󣬻޲ܽħ̥ɵ
ҿҪŲסˣ
һʹϵĹԽԽܿʧɫħ֮Դϣ϶̶һʱ䣬ͻΪһѪˮʧ
̶̼ʱ䣬Ǽˣʧɫħ֮Դٴν䣬ŵǸϽԶݡ
˭뵽˾ȻҲߣϧһɫʴڿУ廯ΪһѪˮ
ӶһһղŻʮˣ̶̰ʱʱ䣬ңʣˣϽƬ
Զս𽥽ӽβʧ˶ʮˣֻʮ˽Ҵֵǣ˾Ȼûʮ֡
ߵһ̣˻ˣҼս׷׳ˣص˷н֮ϡ
ʱոˣ
ҶǻһߣͻȻʧԭأʣ׷ȥ
߲亦ûˣԽǳڷ硣
ħ壬Ҷʱȷһߣħ̥ѾѣҶѾ޷ֹˣֻնɱˣȡʵ취ӡħ̥
գۼĹҶ׷ˡ
ղ뿪һֱע󣬾ͷ˸٣ֻû뵽ǵ˻Ҷ㡣
Ҷ㣬ΪҪǣ
ɫѿˣŵߣˣθɽ罻ڿҶ㣬еŭҶ㷢й
ɱǣ
Ҷʮƽʲô·˵һƽ顣
Ҿͳȫ㣡
һֱҪնɱҶ㣬ڻᣬڻˣҶ
ˣϱЩأҶȻҹһǰ϶̣Ե޹ܹ
һϰɣҲ뵢̫ʱ䣡
й©ҶҪսپˣһնɱɽ編


1501 նɱ
Ҷʾһϣսپ
Ҿͳȫ㣡
̲סˣý赶ɱ֮ƣ⣬ڱҶ׷Ҳͷðŭ𣬲ɷ˵һҶɨȥ
ǿɽ編ķסҶΧѹˣֵ
ҳȫǣ
ҶޱϲһַΪƸΪ⾳ǴǸղս֮УҶյľ飬дӡơ
оɽֱѹϣǧ֮һʱɣ䷴Ӧʱָɽѽѹ

һĲҽͷѵ忴ˣѪⶼʧһɶҶȫ
ͻı仯һֲʲôȻɱˡ
촽һ֮ҶоԼķӼ̣ɽķǲͬ
ҶշʮˣҲֲɽһˣȫͬն
Ҷ㣬㾹ȻԻ
ŷӦǰЩӣҶ֮ΨΨŵŵԭװģĿģǵǸħܾˣڳûնɱǡ
ûǰԻҪħնɱңҺγħնɱǡ
ҶûзϣȷԼӵնɱ˵֮ԼɵΪ˵
Ϊƾһ˾Ϳնɱˣˣɽһ᳹飬ʱ˶Ҫᡣ
׺˵ˣȻΪ˿̾ȻʼԼʵ
Цˣ˭֪ΪҲ֪ɽŲΪǼȥ׷飬ɽ׷ҲǸħͬھ
ҶЦһȫ⣬ɽôΪʮϣȥ׷鷲飬ǲʱˡ
Ҳøϻһ֣ҾͲŲܽնɱ
̲סˣꪣһɨҲ⣬һ֣նɱҶ㡣
úã͸ˣ
Ҷ¶һߣ͵һ֣һնɱ

ҶģͻȻһ⣬ֱӷ˳ȥһֱȥ
ಣ
סˣȦͣϣ޷
ⲻܣôеڣ
ŭĺУҲеϧ޷·ܲסķ
ϴ֪ǵΨеܽס
ûʸ֪
Ҷһû˺̤ȥκεĻᡣ
ۣ֮ͫȱ
֮ʩչ˼£ֱӳһʹǰ棬Ҷʩչۣ֮ߺܿɢ
ɱ
ʮָðֱӲʹ棬ۿɼķʽʹ˲ɱȥһƤʧ֮С
ʣ¼ɫ䣬ʲôֶΣѵҶҲħ壬ȻྫѪ
и
ûκγɣֵ֣ѹ˹ȥ˵Ӹħ̥֣Ҷ㣬һһΣ߸ǵ˼ά
ǲ⣬Ҷǰɾôնɱˣ⣬Ҷôеӵе̥ô
Щһţ㵽Ƕ벻
ʣˣȫвҶ㣬ԴˣƽĶһֱһ˲ӣԴѪ䵽ϣŵֱˡ
һˣͬססٳɣֱӳԶȥﻹҸҶ㽻֡
ߣ
Ҷߣһǻ
峤ֱ룬ˮľˣ쵽֮Уʹӳʮ֮⣬ͷܶˡ
ͣ
һɨʹԴҲ򶼱ҶᣬղŻˣת֮䣬ֻʣһˣȻԭء
һɨҲʧˣҶϽ˾ħ֮УΪԶڿնɱ˵Ϣй¶ȥ
ʧԭأҶħһڸħ彻֣ħ̥ɢϢԽԽǿܿ첨
ħɫҰףȫˣ֪Լںδ
Ҷ㣬ôĵӣȻնɱˡ
Ҷ֣һȣҶŭ
ͷͲҪѿˣɱ˶ɱˣΪвһ𣿡
Ҷ㼥˵һ䣬ȻɱҶ뵽˺Ƿ磬˵ֻ첻
Ҫɱˣɽһ֪ʱɳǰնɱȰ㻹ǸϽҷˡ
ҶӲԣвϣҶɵ
ϻˣ㼸⣬֮һһʹ죬ʵʵĻشһ֪ʲô
Ҷ˽ֱӸ㣬ɡ
Ҷ㣬ڵģ
Žŵðħ棬֮У¶һ˿֮ɫȻ
Ժ飬飬ǲʶƣ
ҶӸ֪·һ̣ᵽƣҶ㲻òӣɽԼ綼Ҫȥ˽һЩϢԺ϶
׳һֳ
ӲϸҶκйɽĶ
ڤ粻飬㳢ħյ
һУħˣʼ˫ȣָоǻʹ

һĲҽ﷢ȫŤˣҵʹϮȫܡ
ٸһλᣬϢңȻһֱնȣ
Ҷһȣŵһ£ʼˣʮ֮ǰҶǰҫȴ䵽Ľ֣ˣ˭뵽ᷢʲô
˵Ƹһ޼ڵĵӣŵӣҸһҲŵӡ
ܿ˵ΪʵڼֲסˣħսĽʹ࣬ǳܳܡ
أ
ҶûᣬЩϢҪõϢ
ǰ޼һϣΪȱݣתȱϣ˭֪ڷ磬ɱɽ֮£ȱѾʧ·ƽңһ𡣡
ٵ˵һЩ飬Ե˵һ顣
ָһУħʧˣʹڵϣɫһƬ԰ף˫ȼˡ
ϲʶкرҲת
ҶʵҪ֪СкϢɱɽ磬ҶһֽԹŮնɱ
ãȻҡҡͷɽޱȾ޴ʤ˸ƣﶼʶ
ӲѣҶûмȥֻǼһЩɽϢΪһŵӣޣҶֻ˽⼫ٵɽϢ
ЩϢҶǳˣԺɽ磬ó
һɨһѪҲսᣬҶû˷֮ɫ˽Σδ
˻Լ֮УҶľٴȻûԪԼ˷츲صı仯


1502 
̶һʱ䣬ħ̥ʼӵħ֮⣬ȲεһЩطħӴܡ
ż԰⵽ԽԽ뵽ħУɱħ壬ϧʮһˡ
Ϊʹˣѵ𣿡
նս̵һݣնսʧأмħ֣֮Ƽ궼޷ָˡ
Ʊħ̥ɱˣղҿħ̥ɫʣ˺üˡ
ħսע⵽ߣĿ˱ħ̥ɱ
һƬ裬ÿʱÿ̶
˿ƣħɺ޼ɵĳ֣һ£ǧֱҲ̶á
ѵҪ𣿡
ԺԺ챯ХǰжٳԹһ̣һͬ顣
Ӿħ֮߳ŲƵĺɽѻɽʬǣҶ֮Уɱر𿴵ħɣϵĺֱײ
ɱ
Ҷˣһɫâ񷣬һƥӿֱն¡
Ҷ㣡
ϵ࿴ɫâ֮ϳ˭Ҷˡ
Ҷ㣬ħŵһ£ǰЩӣҶնħɣɱֳˡ
İɣħ̥ÿԽСնɱ
ħʮţԽħ̥նɱҶ㡣
˵ĹҶӰӳˣħǰ
ˣҶʵ˷츲صı仯ҲʮǰҶ㣬ħ֪
ˮľ֣꣬
Ҷ㲻ħκεĻᣬķˣˮľİ֮£ֱӽԭء
ɣ
ɱ¾ֱ֣֮ոħԴīɫѪȾ˲񷡣
һз̫죬ܵħƲסҶ㣬Щħ֮ԴҶ˵ǾǴ֮
𡭡
Ҷɱķһ־նɱһħϵ෢˷ܵĺ
˲ˣҪҪԼı£Ҷĳ֣ôֿһ˿ϣ
JħһŶ̶ʮʱ䣬Ҷʵٴη仯ǳľˣЩԽܡ
ɱ¾
Դ
ֻ

֮⣡

и
ֵʩչʣµħɳûˣĵ֮
ϵħ壬ɱ¾ݱм֮ħһƬһƬĵ£ʱ䣬ڵԴϢ
Ҷ㣡Ҷ㣡Ҷ㡭
뻮һڸߺҶ㣬˿̵Ҷ㣬Ǿֻֻܾ࣬ˮ֮С
ǰҶг޵ģгԹģ˿̶ڸߺҶ֣쳹񷣬ܴ֮⡣
ʧȥħɣҶնɱħ壬࿪ʼħ̥Բ֮⣬඼㡣
ǰĵ˾ʣħ̥ˣֻҪħ̥һ򣬲ܳ׻ָ
ˣֱס˼ħ壬ʼոһħ編򣬻йħҶա
ɱħ̥࣡
źϣҶնɱħ̥ࡣ
ʼ˺٣ܿһƬɽ䶼ܸжһ̣һ
ɱħ̥࣡
˶ˣŵһҶ֪Լʹʲôʧȥ˼԰ԼŻʲô˼
ڲˣһҲ⡣
ɴ׼𣿡
ҶͻȻһŭ𣬽еѹȥ˲䣬һƬžĿҶ㡣
׼ˣ
ͻȻžĿռ䴫һ뻮һǾ˵һˣûܶٳľ󷨡

ѾûˣҶҲҪأֱӿɴ
һźѲ񷣬Ҷ㻨ʮʱ䣬һɴԺҪˣ齨Ĵɱκˡ
̤ĽŲ˳ҶĹ켣һ齨һͣһ㳯ħ̥
棬ҪҶ¾ħ̥
ϣҶһϣҶ㶼УĩҲվ
ħ̥ħ֮ԴҪ࣬ÿЩħ֮Դµʱ󷨾ͻγһǿĹ֣һ齨һֹܺ졣
ž޴ħ̥Ҷüͷ壬նɱˣҪħ̥ôס
֣
ҶһȣȺ֮УԷ˳
ʲôԸ
ʮ޸ԵȫָʵҲ
֪βƵħ̥
Ҷħ̥ʮİɴվޣֻܿħ̥ٶԼʣҪնɱܡ
䶯ħ̥Ҳüͷ壬Ҳ޲ߡ
ǽħ̥ģħڳп֮ܽɱ
ԥһ£˵˳ɫʮֲȻƺ
ʲô
Ҷæʵܿϱ鲻ڡ
һħ̥ಿλҲᱻħװӴԺΪħ
ûϣҶúһ룬ôˣֻҶʵɱħ̥ദ
Ҷпܻ䣬ԲϣҶðա
бİ취𣿡
Ҷüͷһ壬Ȼܿħħ̥ģħ֮Դĵĵط޷ֵ
Ͼڵʵ̫ͣû׳ɳ
ûУ
εҡҡͷ֮⣬Ҳûκΰ취ħ̥նɱ
δѣԽ֮ӡڳѣӡˡ
Ҷһħ̥ϵɫʣεһСֶûˣЩʬ鲼ԽԽࡣ
ɢʧȥˣ˴ϣ֮ɫȫעҶ㣬ϣȫҶһϡ
Щã񣬻Զѻɽʬ壬Ҷ֮УͻȻ¶ᶨ֮ɫ
񣬳ɣ
Ҷһٻˣħʼڵʡ
ҪʲôѵҪɱħ̥ദ
ԴһҶԼȫȫˣΨ²
Ҳ˭Ҫܾǧǧˣһֺη
ҶЦһԼĸĸӣѣɱħ̥ǶҪҶû·
ΪҲãΪԼҲգֻһ·ߡ
ȥɣ
ͻȻסҶ㣬ӧɱħ̥ദҶðա
ʵħ̥֮㻹ûеħ̥ദͱɱˡ
Ҷ˰ֹ֣֣Ǹлֵĺ⣬Ŀǰʵ޷͸ȥ
̸֮˲˵ĶͻȻҲ⣬ֹȴֹ֪
ΪףҪ˽ԼĶӡΪ˵ҪǼ˵أֲˣֻˮ¡
ˣ˵˿ˣȫµ˿ˣǵ֪ҶҪԼնɱħ̥ĶԹԹһ̣ɢ
ңˣ
Ҷ㿴һԼĸĸڿһԼӣڿһ󣬿һȫµˣ޷˵Ĵħ̥ȥ
Ҷ硭
ŮͻȻ̱ڵأĿ
ҶĸתӣԼ޳Ц֪ĵģΪԼĶӽ


1503 ̥
ȫµˣԼĸĸԼӡѡ
ҶȻתӣ񣬳ħ̥˹ȥʹУҶʧħ֮С
ϵɴһȫγöϵħ̥ϣϣܼҶѹ
ҶһʧȥɴԺ㣬ʧȥɴԺˣǻʴӡ
Ҷþִţ׷һУ
ԶЩ˷׷׼սţ²ɴֻҪһͺãΪ²ΪһΪһˡ
۳ɺʮ˲ˣħ̥ѹȥǺηΪҶ㶼£ǻʲôµġ
˺սһֳ̾ĳħ̥֮ϣɣղŻ֮СһȦ
±Ȳˣʮ˻һʮˣȻնɱħ̥ԸҶȡᣬյִħ̥ദ
Ĵ֮£ڶ͵˵ĸ֮£¡¡ǹһΧħ̥ϵǰ
ͣɳ豣ˮ󹷣񽿣ǶҶһģҶĿеһ̣ǸޱʹĿеҪǶȥˡ
޾ķŭйħ̥ϣħ̥Ҷôðգħ̥ô
ԪĴǶҶõѣֳֳϵͶϣըħ̥ħ̥ǼһѾԻ
ûʱĨȥ۽ǵˮҶ֣䲻ͬգȴͬ㣬ԼֵܸиζҪǱ
壬壬壬ȵȣǶҶѣ˿ûгֻĬĬϣҶܻų
ҶңƼңѧԺҶļ䣬Ҷͯ꣬˸Ҷһɳ˿̽ŭѹĵףϵĳڳϣҶһΪ²һ
һҶ㶼վħ֮УһͻȻΪһ⣬ʧ
ɱ
ͷЩħ֮ԴҶǿдһͨܽħ̥ġ
߱ʽַʩչħ似似ϣԺ죬ӡһħ̥һ޴ѷ졣
ħɣһüˣ֮
ˣ
ħ̥ͻȻһ˺ıԴ弱ٵĶĺɫʡ
ÿһΣϵͻһƬȻ赲ǵĽŲ
ն
Ҷˣ󣬵һͨʱ򣬽£һ֮ϣֱӵִ
֮У׵ǻ֮ԴҲǿħ֮Ҷ㽫׵֮ȫ
䣡
һˮͰֵ׵£˳ɱնӡֱûȥʱ䣬֮ϣһⱻζ
ζǳ̱ǣֱס˱ӣΪζ棬ŨŨĳζ
ѷԽԽ󣬵Ҷ㽣£ɱٴγ֣Ҷַħ̥ϢĻᣬֻпܽħ̥
һħ̥Ҷ㽫ʧȥȨ߱ʽٴγ֣ҪȸղŸǿһ
¡¡
춼Ǹӡ֯ķģ˸˽٣һɹħ̥Ľ
ħǴӹһֱɹħ̥ðһ̡
ħ̥ϵŤҶͻȻ¶һ˿֮ɫƺ뵽ʲô취
͵֮ţ˿̿ˣ
Ҷ͵֮ţɹˣħ̥Ͽգһ޴Ż͵֮š
Ҷ˼ɲôˣֻҪնɱħ̥㱻ɽ緢֣Ҳϧ
ħ̥ϵ䶯忪ʼǸղɴСǧ֮󣬸ʵҶҪƿѶȶȻӡ
ɱ£ħ̥һӣҶٴǰһ忪ʼħ̥ġ
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Щ⣬ĵǣҶûʱȥϣϣմ⣬Ҳ赲ҶĽŲ
壬ħ̥ʼϵҪҶڲ
ղų忪һͨԽԽСҶĿռҲԽԽС˵Ǵ粽С
ϰףܲɱħ̥Ϳˣ
Ҷ㳯ɱ¾֮˵˿ûлͷ·һƬڣҶ㱻ħ̥סˣֻҵħ̥֮࣬ն£ħ̥Ż
İɣֻҪһأӴԺǽһ˳
ϰҲ֪һعȥһг鳾ȥˣһƬ
һ˿˿ĽɢɱħˣҶûɱħһпصޣΪħ
ǰֻɱħɱ¾֮¶
Ϊɱ񷣡
Ҷ޹ħҲһħ壬Ĳ࣬ħ
Ȼ֮䣬ɱ¾֮һâȥǰٴγһͨһ£ͨ𽥱
Ҷ㣬Ѱħ̥ಿλôħ̥˭Ҳ֪ħ̥ںδҶҪҵ
Ϊڵʿʼʴ壬ֲ˶ãһɫʳ׽ڻҲֻܱħ̥һ֡
ϵĹֹͣΪħ̥ǿĺɫʣϲϵŤƺᣬ˶ףħ̥󲿷ȫԸҶ㡣
ĬĬϣҶܳɹħȡ
һ磡
磡
磡

磡
ʮ磡
Ҷ㼸Ǵ粽УԽħ̥ԽԽɱ¾֮ÿһʩչֻƿľ룬һľڣסҶȥ·
ྦྷԽԽҶ屻ѹĴʮܣҺɫʣʴҶļ
ɱ¾
ʮָðҶһ˺ߵѪɣֱӱħɵʼֽ޾ħ֮ԴʼҶ塣
ˣħ֮Դ֮Ҷʴٶȿʼħﲻħ̥ʣ֮ܽ
ҶԭĵıһһЩţָɣǰͨٴοһЩһ֣кܶģ
ȣˣΪħ̥ϣЩҲ壬ɴСħ̥˶ѻɡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶǰһףŴ˫ۣƺĿħ̥֮УһֱûиãףȻЦ
ҶԼᶨʯҲᱻǰͻȻðһŹһ
ֵĹԽԽ࣬ЩЩ֮ħ̥յˣȻˣԹڣЩԹϵħ̥ħ̥һձһǿ
֮ģ֮꣡
Ҷֻ֮еһ仰Լ֮Զ֮ꡣ
ȻҶ㻰һ䣬ǰĹƺеԹʧ
֨֨
־Ҳֻǳһʱ䣬Ҷҵʱ򣬹ͻȻſڳҶҧ˹ޱȡ
ҶֻЩ̥ûãΪ벻ֻˣֻ𲻵á


1504 ֱָħ
Щף¶ɭɭʼ˺ҧҶ塣
СĿռ䣬ҶΧޣϴǹ̥ʼ塣
ҺҶǿƤ棬һۣЩ̥Ҫ廹ܣǻֵĸоҶʮܡ
棬գ
ҶðһĻ棬ǷĻ棬ͬޱȡ
˹ħ̥֮󣬷͵Ħ֨֨Ҷ߻ص
һˣҶȫ̥޷Ǿֻ档
˵̥ħ̥Ҳܿĺ濾ȼһУ˵ħ̥ռ䶼ܵȼ
ϧҶʵ̫ͣҪͻƵ˾磬ֻҪͿ˺ħ̥һжʵ
ʮָϵʩչɱ¾Ҷڵصһϵħ̥֮ǰһŲԽԽ
ʶ͸ȥҶҪҵħ֮пܽն¡
˿̵棬ٴγֱ仯ħϯħ̥ٴɫʣ֮£Щ߿ʼˡ
Ϊ̫ˣƲѣֻܻصнϣħ塣
εһ򶼱ħʴĲݲӴԺΪء
ħδʧ֣һ˽磬ǴӴԺ᳹ʧ
Ưϵħ̥˽Ŀۼ棬һеϣһ˵ϡ
֮ΪҶʶȻ͸ȥ֮£Ҫ֮۵ܲҵħڡ
Щ͸һ룬͸õʬ壬ҶͻȻһһöСɺɫࡣ
Ҷλãа׾룬棬֮һʱ䣬棬׾룬֪ҶҪѶ೤ʱ䡣
Щ̥ԽԽ࣬ҶԹ˲Ͼﻹʱǰ롣
ѵҪ𣿡
ҶֿԼһƺ͸ž֪Ǿһľһħ̥ĻἸΪ㡣
ֻ֮ţѹ
ҶСĿռУʩչֻ֮ţѹԼĺ棬⣬˫ٴ趯ɱ¾֮
Ƶն
ͻȻһŭȶһն£ǰֿͨ٣ҶŲŲһ׶롣
ʱϢţħһƬҵʧأʼ룬Ѿȥüˣħ̥Ȼɫʡ
ˣɴѾƵüȱڣѾֵ
Ǽֲסˣȳɣͼı
˾֪˿̵飬ϣȳԼĶӣѾȥˣħ̥ȻڣҶļʷǳСˡ
ҲߣҪŷһս
뿪ȻҲҪҶһ
˼кü˵ڲ뿪˶Ҫڴˡ
ϲԱ׷ȰοҶ飬ҶѹħѾݣҪ뿪ˣȻ˶Ҫɥ
һħ̥ڿһۼ˵ı飬¶ʹ֮ɫھҵξ
ˣ
ҧأѵ˵֣˿ʼˣصнȥ
ħݣһƬҵҺħ̥ɫʵٶ𽥼εΪħ򣬴󲿷඼
ʧȥħɣħҲʼûдٽҲʲô˻ΨһϣǼħ̥
֮ħ̥ɫһֹͣȻƯϣŵ˻ҪȥʼؽɽһѪϴʧʮˣ֮ǰǷǳˡ
ת֮䣬ħսȥʮʱ䣬ûҶκεϢ˳ʧħɱҶնɱֻʣӴħ̥ȻͣħϿա
ħ̥һӰڵضһǰ˺ۣܶط̥ʳѪģҲ̶á
Ȼ赲ӰĽŲ˴ɫʣʵÿ춼ڷ仯ػҶ
ɱ¾֮ѾմȾѪ֮ɱħԽԽأ֮ϣɢɺ֮ɫʮЩħ⡣
ͣ
һɨǰͨٴαħ̥δϣҶѵ˼ʮʱ䣬Ҷǿħ̥
Ҷǿ󣬱ħ̥סʮʱ䣬
ħɣ
ʮʱ䣬ֻһ񣬵ڶǾħħ濪ʼ仯Ѿǰڵħ棬Ǳ˰͸ɫ
Щħ֣ܵĿռ¶ȶȻЩⷢˣͨԽԽҶߵٶ𽥼ӿ졣
СӣħĻжԶľ룡
Ľ˺ܶħħԽԽŨĽ˵Ҳһؿ顣
ħȻɱ¾֮Ʒʣһɱ¾֮᳹Ϊħûκ˼άֻɱ
Żʮңħ̥Ƶƺ֪ǵͼʼֽĺɫʣ赲ǵĽŲ
Ҷ֮ۼһ۾룬໹ʮҡ
ãŬŬʱ䣬ܴͨħĵͨ
Ľ֮˲٣ʱ䣬ʱ޿̲ڸܣԽħ̥ģΣԽ
ɱ¾֮תħ߱ʽҶĴɱ¾Ĺ£ٵͨԽԽ졣
˿̵ĸѾָЩſʼյӣֲһεʧɽţֻҪҪĶԼ롣
ħսʧСˣûжǴҶ֪ʧҲˣΪʧһǿߡ
ȻʧأЩʧ˼ˣҲмǧˣû˼һЩŻڣֻҪµѪҺʮָܻ֮
£һƬҵȻħȥˣħֹ̥ͣɫˣӦң֪Ǹ˻û
ڻк¼壬ǰϾҶ飬ҶʮΣҶ㣬ħ̥Ҳֹͣʡ
ħ̥ٻĴҵ˳֣ˣħ򣬿ʼӡħ̥ϣܽ׻
ħսĴûκʧʮŭŭĴϼ壬û飬ûѪԣΪԼ棬ˡ
ħ̥ģҶͻȻоħ̥Ƶʼ˺ܶ࣬Ҷʮֱ֣֮ȥ˲Ͻӡô¡
ãǷӡʱ䣬Ǽӿٶȣ
˳֣Ҷ㲻Ѳ³ӦĴҵˣٻ񣬾Ԫʮָݱһ֣ھһǰѹ
ħ̥ʼҵĻƺıӡٴܶɫʣûȥ
춼ħ֮ԴĴҵ˲ҵ׷ȥ
ô˻ᣬҶٴǰǰ˺ü׾룬ħľҶֻм֮ңˣҶ㶼ħͨͨ
ɰڴһ٣ȫһ
ħĽڳٳߣҶ㽫ΧһգľҪҪпܴ򿪡
ɱҶֳ֮ɱ¾֮Ѿ׼ãħ濪ʼա


1505 һ
ɰڴһ٣ʧܣҶ㽫߶ɹлնħģӳȥ
£Ҷ㲻߲ݣȻˣҲкľһ죬ͨˣôõĸǿս
е۳ɺ۳һɫһһ㾧ڳ̬ת
ııġ
ħ̥ڲҵııһͷĴͨͱڣҪ֮򴩡
ԪǺˮһϵӿܿݽȥ
ɾ֣
ҶǧöƷɾڶóˣһöɾԴԴϵԪӿ֮С
һⱻɣһȭͷСĿˣħĵģһҶǰ
罣
һдҶȥǼ罣Ҳûʹˣó
ΪֻȭͷСĶڣҶ޷ȥҪȫ򿪣Ҫܾһʱ䣬ҶҪֲסˡ
Ԫ䣬ĵٶȣԶյٶȿ죬о飬ҶҪĵһɶ
罣ΪһĨ磬˳ȭͷСĶڣħ̥ദҶʼиħġ
һһϸĽסħģ罣и˺üΣ޷֮Ͽۼû¡
ҶʮֽȥħûиԼˡ
Сӣҿֲסˣ
ɱ¾֮ħһʧҪľеĿʼˣôЩ죬һɾڵ˹ؼʱ̣ʧ
ڼּ֣Ǿи
ҶҲֲȥˣ뵹£úõϢ죬˿̲ܵ£һȥһѹ
񵹺һЩϾħɣνħ̥࣬Ҳǵ˽ƣĳ̶ȣҲֲ˶ˡ
Сӣ罣Ʒ̫ͣܽħն£취ɣ
ĽҶ㣬취罣ǲˡ
ôСıֻм罣ˣ̫û޷С罣޷иʲô֮ܽն£
Ҷʮֿգ罣ѱƳ޷֮ն£˵ˣҶֻȭͷСȥ
˻ʱʣܲܽħи
ĽҶ㣬ֻ˻ʱʲпܴôСķ϶ħնЩӵĽ
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ҶҲ뵽˻ʱʣֻûȫ˻ʱʺľڳ˱ʷ֮⣬ܡ
ֻɻҽˣ
˻ʱʣָһ㣬˻ʱ˳ŷ϶˽ȥΪҶǧ֮һǿܴ߶˻ʱʶ̾С
ͣ
˻ʱʴһʱħͻȻһζԼˣп룬Ǳп
˻ʱпһ׳ĽҶ۽¶һ˿Ц⡣
ϰףڼһѾҿ˻ʱʣ
Ҷһ򿪶Ѩ϶޷ٿ˻ʱʣΪĻԽԽ
ȥɣֻܼʮˣ
Ľ׵ʮּ٣ħڿٵʧһĴŪûԡ
ҳɣҶջеԪ˫㣬˻ʱħ̥Ĵ֮һħĵĽϡ
Ҷʱ䲻ˣʮնǧÿʱҪնϽӽ
һööɾΪĩɿݵĵÿοݽߣµעػأҶ㷢ԪøӾˡ
ŭ
˫㣬˻ʱʾȻԼתһ磬֮ЩϿޱȣҶ㼸еԪ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶһƨеԪԼĵһɶ
Сӣ£ʣһ
ҶȫݽˣĽ״󺰴УҲ첻ˣһħɣ޷֮նϡ
ۣ
Ľ˵ĹһѪҶѾ˵ƿ;ĵزɫһƬ԰ף˵վָͷܶˡ
ħһѣ
Ҷҧס⣬ָһЩٿؾħɴ⣬ֽħҶ壬Ѩд˳

ָһ㣬˻ʱٴη˳ȥһݺݵն¡
Ҷ壬Ҳ˹ȥħ̥ڲʧȥʶĽҲһľеصҶ֮С
Ŀ꣬ҶߣȻûʧȥʶѾɥʧս
˻ʱһʧ֮ն˽ϣ֮ħ̥ʧ
ħģʧȥ˽Ӧħ˻ʱһȥ
ϵħ̥ͻȻҵı֮ȥڷӡһ֪ʲô顣
ѵǷӡã
淢ɻ֮Ƿӡһʱ䣬ӦһЩá
пܣ
ҡҡн׷׵ͷħ̥һȥҳһӣܿʧ뵽ħ硣
ˣǻȥɣڻָˣ
ħ̥ʧεҲħһɢȥһЩֲҲʼָ
ٴθϵħʱ򣬷ħ̥ˣҶҲˣʧ
˾޴֮⣬ʲôҲ棬ħ޷ȥ˵ȥһ̽ˡ
Ҷкܶഫԣ˵Ҷħ̥ͬھˣԼȫ²
Ҳ˵Ҷնɱħ̥ҵһطѾƽ˵ְ汾
ʱһȥתһȥˣ糹׻ָ˾ħս֮ȻΪ򳬼
Ȼû򣬵ӵɴһɣҲҪ¡
һʱ䣬٣һ󣬵̫ⷱ˱ص
ħս֮Ĵٲ£ԺҲ뵽ε鹫Ǹˡ
µµһжǺõĿʼ֮һЩصıҲ׷׳һһ֣û˳֡
ħҲָƽȪħԼħھش֮Ҫָܻˣħ֮С
ӳΪ˽أ˵̤㣬ħ嶼޷Ϊڵʣδʧ
޴ħ̥Ҫһ֮ǰСһ࣬ƺľʧ
ħ̥һӰϥ棬ǰһڵĴ󶴣Ǿħڲϵħ̥ľ
ħ̥Ȼа񣬱Ͼ˼ʮ˵ľķǳǿҪ˻Ҫ
һ׳ķγɣӰľڷӣֱ˾
ħ̥ڲĻһӰӣףͷ֮ħŲħƣħ̥֮У󲿷ֵľգվ绮֣ӦƷħˣһ硣
Ȼ֮䣬ħ̥ĵӰ˫Ŀһбܵħ̥һãΪľˡ
Ҳ֪ˣħ̥ľȫգ˾ֻһ֮ңˡ
˵ǰһ֮ңھһ֮ңǳĽӽ
˻ʱʣգ
ָһ㣬ħ̥˻ʱʷ˳һöɺɫħġ


1506 ˼
ħĲħ̥תǿħ̥ʷݡ
һˣǸõˣħ̥СѩħҲѹȥԺһˡ
ħ̥Ҷ֮ûżȥҶͿħ̥ľ
һ֮ǰǾһնɱħ̥һж˻ʱʡ
ӵ´˳ص˵ϣŵϢϤζҶһ
һԾʧԭأΪһ⣬ӷǰɹƶֲˡ
ʱҶں򣬲ûż֮УǷ
ܿ죬֮зɳߵӰӣŮӣˡ
ͻȻɳȥ˶Ī֪ʲô飬ȵǳʧʱҲյϢ
ףҪα£Ͳ̷Ƕˣ벻Ҫﺢ
Ҷ㷢һֱӽĻ꺣ڴͻȻԭأϳһͻȻʧһɶ
УһϢҪй¶ȥ׽֮⣬һ֪һ˾ʧȥ˶˵ķչ
һȥֻͷҶ˵û˶ΪҶˣͼǿŬ
ֻҪһЩ׽˾ͿˣǲҪģҶڵȻαϱҲʲôΣˡ
һ֪ɽϣ÷Сᡢܰ
һӰ£ǰͯľҲյҶϢǰݼ
ͽݼʦԼλʦĸ
ͯľ˴񣬳Ҷֱӹݣһʱ䣬ͯľ˲٣ҪСѩĲԽԽء
ľħģνСѩϵħѾд棬ûȥϽСѩʹࡣ
Ҷóħģóһӣ˰ͯľ
ʦѵȥ𣿡
ͯľӹħĸӣҶʵ
ҾͲȥˣЩҿǷ̫࣬ǺúõһȻȥɣûȥʱȻ
Ҷ˰֣ðľȻȥѾҪԼˣֻԼļ˶ѡ
ʦʦĸౣأͽȸˡ
ľﵣСѩȲҪϻȥڸõʦİΣҲΣʦҲΪԼһˡ
ľ뿪ˣŮ׷׿һҶ㣬֮У¶ŨŨİ⣬ϴζʮĵȴһǼţҶһ
߰ɣҴα£
Ҷһɨ˶뿪򣬻ص˷磬ҶҪԼ켣һ顣
һüŮ˽ԼĹȥڶҲһ£ҲҶľ
ܶһ޷ͻƾ磬뷲˼ѣĳһ죬ĲС
Ҷ㵹ڲ˼ѣĿѾ̫ˣҪĿģüŮ˽ԼĹȥ
ȴӻƳǿʼĻƳǣѲʮǰӣѾһǣҶһչһӴļ֡
ҶңҶûнȥֻǴҴһƳżŮԺɽħԺȵȡ
ԺҶûԼݣΪĵһֱɽŴ¼ĵӣһҶΪ
֪ҶԺԳӭӣ˵Ҷھˣħս֮½һͨ໥ͨˡ
ϢôѴ½ϣҶ֮쳹硣
סԺӣҶ㴥飬дĻ÷ˣǶǴѧԺ߳ȥģǵͯꡣ
ѧԺ˼죬˳ָһЩӣһЩĹ꣬ѧԺʵᷢ츲صı仯
žǺĹ磬˹ң˿̵Ĳ˹ȻΪ˳ңҷ׷׹齵
ЩҪɱҶĲӾˣѵѾһһ£Ҷһֱŵģûκεѹ˸о硣
뿪˹ң뾫壬Сļ磬ˡǡЪȵȾ֣ӭҶ㣬رСᣬʹħ
ڵСᣬ͸һŮһȥ˼䷲˵ǰ֮˭ͻ˾磬һ϶Сᡣ
ÿطϼ죬ѵõƽʱҶɽˮϵʱ򣬸ٵ࣬˼£˶ҪĽѡ
ɭ֣ҶħڵħҶ˵Ѿûκεвһմ˹ʵΣ겻ѡ
ҶǾһʮ˽Ǻڴˡ
ħ˼죬ҶݣҶչ¶̫ɣҶѡ
˻δ̫ɽŴѾкüڵȺҶ㲻뾪̫ˣֻǸһ˴
Ҷ֣ˣ
ҶӰӣնֱӳ˳Լնѩ˷׷װݼ
ն֣þò
նΣѾ̫ڵĳϣʵܲҶ֮ǰ͸ĵҩнյĳɾ͡
λʦ㣡
˵Ҳ̫ڣնæ
÷˺ܿ񣬶һ꣬ҶƼңǼ̫һʱ䡣
ߣҴǽȥ
նֱҶ㣬̫ȥʱ䣬ɽ棬ٵǧˡ
ն֣⡭
ҶһͷˮҶû̫ڴ̫ãֻǸնɣ뾪κˣΪ̫ôˡ
Ҷ֣Ĳ˼Ҳ̫ڳˣЩ飬϶ҪΪأʦ˻صţܲܲȥɡ
նοЦһ˼ԣϣˣҶ̫ڣϾ½кܶ೬š
һţԪң޻ңȨԺȵȣʮĻָĿʼ׷̫ڡ
μҶߣ
̫ڣƺҶΪߣǷߵĳνˡ
ˣ
ҶҲʩһǻ񣬼ȻԷˣҶҲ˵ʲô
ҶߣɽԱˮƣҶȥ
ƣǧˣӭӡ
룡
նεϣҶҲɨˣֻôżˣһ̫ڡ
˱Ͼ̫ڶжȥȷʵ˵ȥ
֪ҶһţԪң޻ңƻҷ׷ǰһڶҶ㡣
ϧҶһһܾҶˣǵþˣҶĿģǴżŮʵΡ
̫ڴ˼죬ҶңܿԼŮһܱǽҶϱ
֮ǰҶ͸ܺܶԴͻƵٵɣֻҪﵽ磬ȥ˷չϾ½ƣվͻơ
ƼңʱƼңѾǵյģ뿪֮ƼȻˣҶûнȥֻԶԶһۣ뿪½ʼ˼䡣
½ҶϢһ˵ĳ
ʱˮһȥҶżŮʧؼ䣬Ǵ֮Ҳû˼ǣ·𳹵׵ʧˡ


1507 ǳű
˼磬ָƽҶ֮Ҳ˳ߣµ𣬸򣬳ʰٻŵơ
½ЩͻƵ˵ɾ֮󣬷׷׷ЧҶ㣬ϣҲܴһá
ȥˣÿնۿǿգʱ䣬佫һЩ齻˾дԼ˳
ЩҲ̫ˣڿ帣ÿҲԼӣɽˮ
ںһͱ֮ϣǰ꣬ͻȻｨ죬ٳһׯ԰涼ͱڣ羰رĺá
죬һȺˣŰŮӣׯ԰
Ժǵļˣ
Ҷǻˣ֮ǰҶͿʼˣĵĹˣ￪ٳһԴ
Ư
ͱֲ࣬໨ݲݣһƬɾΪ˽ׯ԰Ҷɷѿġ
磬磬ģ
Ҷһô󹤳̣ҲֻԼֲɡ
ҶٵĴׯ԰˳һ·֮ϣǼɹ
˻ͷ̻δΪʲôԼҪμӣ´ﲻҶ⡣
һܱܶԷôݣֵ֮顣
ܣ㿴ôǲõĻ԰ɣ
Ҷ㻹δͻƵ˾ڷ绹Ҫһʱ䣬϶ҪԼĵط
λֳˣ
޿ޣĽ컷Ʋ֣ãſʼ졣
ߣҴǽȥ
Ҷ˳ׯ԰ȥ潨ľƯ潨϶Ǹûʡ
ׯ԰СˮͥԺ¥ִй֮磬ܶطҶִԪأϾҶڵһʱ䡣
Ҷ磬ΪʲôҿЩӺأΪôô
˿һƵʮ⣬һɳȥʮûм
ɳȥǲǺ
Ҷ㳯ǽͣûɳʣҶҲͻȻ⣬ûԼṩͼֽġ
ǿźŶ
÷һתתˣߣܻתȥ
÷ľ࣬ҶЦ
תţʺӭʱʹãǴ˽Ҫתš
Ҷʹã˹ʱֱ߳Ҫ˳תһֱת
Ҷ磬뵽ЩϡŹֵĶ
ֹתţкܶװΣ˵ǣʼʱ򣬶Ѿ֭벻Ҷṩϸͼֽǿ깤
ԺлˣһȥһˣȻ֪ˣ
ԼӵϢҶ˭ҲûиߣܣԼɳԵĸ߶ȡ
Ҷڵѹ֪ںδҪȵɽ磬л֪ˡ
һ֮Ҷĸףͻлɳ豵˷׷׸
Һ֮ǰ֪Ҷû£Ȼǹÿ϶ǰףأףҶǨ֮ϲ
ϲԱҲ˲٣ǰףأҶﰲҵϢϸı˶׼й¶
ҶͱΧ󷨣ûԼɣκ˲̤롣
ݵۣܿ춼ֿæµȥˣñչصıչأȡͻƾ硣
ҶҲ⣬ѡ˱չأŮľ綼˰ɾҪҶָ㡣
磬һչأҲ꣬Ҳ꣬߿ԴԶʵ󲿷ʱ䣬ķϡ
ѰʵһֱǷ׷Ŀ꣬ҶҲ⣬ɽҪȥҵԼ֮ա
ȥ䣬½棬лת֮䣬ֵ˶죬ׯ԰£һƬɪһҶɪɪʼ䣬תǶʮȥˡ
ɫëƤҶվԺ֮УǿգüͷͻȻһ
λ칷ʳ£Ҫף
ҶЩ꣬Ҷ˸֪ʶ㣬ü͸һɵǡ
򣬺ܶչصϹŶ׷׳أӰ죬ظٴη仯
ǧһεǳűҪˣ
һϵɽϣһ׺߿󵭵˵
ܿ죬ϢһϯĴǧһεǳűҪˣɽʣ䷲硣
Щչص˷׷׳أÿǳűһͻ˵ĻᣬɾңԶɽ
ÿ䣬Ҳ޾ΣգֻпǣܽӴǳűҲҶһ·Ѿһͳ
ĳڣǿ֮ϻһڶޱȾ޴ɽĶǴڶǿ˺֮һпܱ˺ѡ
䵽Ҳһжƾ
·ţ׷׾ۼǿҶŮһ飬Ҳ̡̤
⼸ʮʱ䣬ҶһֱҲͻ˵žҲȥǣܲҵһ˿
ôıҶҲܱ˱ˡ
򵥵һҶ㲻֪һԾʧãã棬ǿʼλϿճһڵĶڣʼǺܴ𽥱仯ڶԽԽ
ڶһСһɼʮˣǳĿɲҶ㶼⣬ֻԶԶĿźڶ
ǳüȶҵĻζһǳŹ֣Σ棬ǳĺÿƱ⡣
ڵĶڣһߣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôÿǧ꣬ɽһЩͻ˳ڶ
ҶһҲɽ粻Ҫˣ˽
ɽǷǵ˷磬ǾǱǧһȴ˷ԱЩ̡
ʵˣ޷ı䣬ҶҲ⣬ϣҵһЩöԼͻƾ硣
һ˿˿쫷֣Ӻڶ֮дǿ˺֮ʼ¶վںڶ棬ˡ
һ¶֮ɫϣԼߡ
ͣ
һǳ֣Ӻڶ֮бȥûץֱ޾֮Уܿʧ
Ҷ㶼һ㶣û뵽ٶ֮죬Ŀֻǿһţƺһʣ֪ʲô
ӶӺڶ֮ĶԽԽ࣬ٶ죬˽֮ץס
ԶʮͻȻһžֻּҪƬ򣬾޷ߣֱӱǲ׽
취
Ҷ⻬°ͣĵļħǱ֮Уһб£ħֱӽ֮ա
ҶԼֱʩչһ⣬֮УһֱΧźڶԽԽࡣ
һӺڶ֮г֣ӿ뵽ڶΧҲࡣ
ҵģҪ
Զͬʱһʼ໥֣Ͼһǳס
ǿ쿴Ǹ˭ô˿ٶȣ
ҶںڶΧش󣬺ܿ챻˷֣Ҷٶǣôͱڶ洫˺֮ѹ
ò
ҶҡҡͷʶҶ㣬ôˣҶȫޣѱǡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ㶨ס壬һԼĲ֣ٴҶ㣬Σ֪ΪΣҶǳűǱڵΣС


1508 
شҶѾõټֻҪͳͳȡ
ٶȣò˾̾ѵֳĳ
¡¡
Ӻڶ֮Уҵĺ¡о޴Ķ˶׼ʱᡣ
ԽڣĶԽź¡Ӿ磬һټҶһֻ󲿷ֶ޾֮С
Ҳ֪ĸ䣬ҲҲĳ޷ȥжϡ
ղ伸ټֻһұˣ˵Ǳˮнųɾŵ˶ò
ΨҶһˣÿ䶼üѾ˵Ĳ׷¶ӵ
һʱʱֻǧʣ°ǧûĴ֮С
ģ
ͻȻ֮䣬ڶ˱仯ɿʼγɵ쫷磬ĽЩһֱӱڶ˽ȥ
ô£
Զ˴һ׷ȥٳɣԶڶǿԽԽء
ҶҲ⣬о屻ԭأǿҪϽ޾ĺڰ֮С
󲻿˼һĻˣӺڶ֮Уһ޴Żһ㣬ںڶ֮С
ղžҵĺӦþǿܶ뵽֮ϣܿʧ
ǿʼڶΧԽԽ˱ȥЩɾҲ⣬˭뵽顣
Ҷһ㿿ţ޷뿪ڶΧһֻδ֣Ҷȥ
̶ʮʱ䣬ͱǧˣ˭Ҳ
ʱ䣬ԶЩӵһɶƬӵһʣҶûˡ
׷ʲôˣΪλ顣
ѾûʱҶ˼˲䱻ڶɵ
ǧȴһʱʱ䣬ڽˣһβͬڶ֮гһֵŻ˼ǧ
ܿ촫ƺ˱仯ǧһεǳűıˡ
ϢҲֻһ䶯ѣЩõˣѻصԼŻס
ںڶ飬ܿͱǣÿ춼ˣ˼ǧˣȥǡ
ڵĿռ䣬ֲָǿʧˣҶоԼ޸Ƽ沨ָоܲá
ʼʱܶǺڰһ˿˿֣Ҷѭ⿴ȥһ޴ųˣǺڶгֵŻ
Ż棬߰·ʮֹϣϵĽ׶ʶƺԽ꣬ͻȻ
Ż棬ֺܶѪմȾѪ֮Щ⼣߰ߵ·ƺһ㣬ղű˶Ż档
Ҷʵǿ󣬶ס壬Ҳһںڶδرյʱֱӱ
ҶҶһ٣ҶҲȥ·
ϴڻ磬֪һδĴ½ֻҪҵռѷ죬Ϳѳȥ
أҶͷǰŻ֮⣬
һָʶܿտյһյشǧ硣
ν⣬УѵҶѾ뿪
ϰף㿴ţû
Ľ׳ˣվҶϣž޴ţҲһɻ֮ɫ֪ţûӡ
֪
ĽҡҡͷҲһ֮ɫߵҶһǳףڳʲô⣬ǰŬ֮
˳תһȦҲܷһЩأȻܷ֣õٱ˾磬ͻƣȻ˺Ѿڣ뿪
ĽױȽ侲Ҷ⣬ϾҲûİ취ˡ
㲻Ҳˣ֪Ϊٳ޷ͻ˾ˡ
ҶͻȻһĴȣĽһѣôҶ˼ʮ⡣
ʲôԭ򣿡ĽҲ棬ѵҶͻȻéٿˣ
򣡡
ͻ˾Ϊ˷򣬳ƬأǴ򣬲ȻһӶ޷ͻơ
Ҷ֪ԼԼһԭأԭ
Ϊķ򳬹˷磬ôڽһ
ȷˮ¶ֻܷڵһٶȣҶͣ¶Ѿﵽ˶ٶϣҪͻ˾ҪһǧȲܴﵽ
ˮҶˮŬ¶ֻһٶȣԶܴﵽǧȣԲôŬ޼¡
ôܽɽ磬лͻƾˡ
ĽͻȻǷҲɵҶĻҲе֮УҪҵӽɽռ伸ܣҶһûлͻ˾ˡ
ڻˣ
Ҷ¶ϲɫˡ
˵
ĽͻȻķüҲ¶һ˿˷֮ɫ﷨Ȼɽ̣ǱȷǿǧŵҶʧȥжֻܼѵ˫֣ϻ
ŵĵײҶ㿴Ҳ·ӵһֱ쵽޾浱С
һҶһ㿿ţЩǿ·ɢ˿ֲϢҶ㿿֮󣬾ȻѹȵĴ
ǿķ֮°빦
Ҷ㷢֮ŵʲôƳɣȻǿᣬҪʥҪǿ
ζһʱ䣬ҶҲ֮һ򣬳Щ·֮⣬Ҷ㿴ʲôء
ˣŵǿ϶²ⲻ
ҶϥδӺڶ֮УֶҶ㻹ûʱ飬ϣЩܰԼ
ħ֮УƯָʣʯͷвȱıһЩľȵȣǳҡ
Щ֮УҶһѰң֪ľѯĽףȻԵ˺üöƷɾ
Ǵ֮ȻС˵㣬԰ɽ編򡣡
ĽײϵĸҶܣټܰҶģʮ󲿷ֶϡ
ףʲô
Ҷһŷʯͷ¶ɻ֮ɫΪʯͷ⡣
Сӣ㷢ˣ񾧣ôֶ
ĽͻȻʹã˶ʹɾκڶ䣬Ȼ񾧳ˡ
ʲôã
ҶһͷˮûʲôĽʵö񾧲Сж
ʲôã
ö񾧣ͻˣˮɵ飬溬Ѹٵİɾת
Ľʮּٵ˵ȻֻмСҶ㻹Ƿˣ¸һָ״Сı
ˣ˼ǰܶͻƾ磬ǲҲҵ񾧵ֶ
Ҷǵã˾ͽͻ˾磬пǵõĳı
пܣǷܳô񾧣
Ľ׵˵ͷǳű񾧣ֻܶСָ׸ǴСܳô
ˣȲ˾磬Сһ
Ҷ㽫С׽˳ڵСףѾһͷӴޣһ֣ܵĿռ䶼һ󲨶


1509 ͻ
յ磬˭Ҳ֪ûΣҪ˻
ó񾧣ҶһʼգҴ⣬ɾǧ򱶣һֱӱű
ʳָ֮УҶ̽һܺˮһ㣬Ҷһ㽫
һ񾧷ҶʱҶһȫɢ֮ͨɫ忪ʼһѿ񾧷ͬһҪ˺Ҷ
ǿķ֮
Ҷüͷ壬ҵʹ񾧵ķʼ˺ĽֹǣѪ⣬һ˺ѡ
˺ѷεʹ࣬Ҷ㷢һҽУվһԵС׻ϰ̲סĿʼ¡
رǿҶ壬ﵽ⣬ɢ⣬·һ㣬ھһɽҪ緢
һ緢Ҷ϶ɢ񾧵ֻһ취ɽˡ
͸Ĳ涼ܿҶ࣬ÿһĽޱȾҵ˺֮

Ҷ㷢ŭŸԪʼһ񾧷
ղҶֻǧ֮һķ򣬾ͲЧѹĽ׿ôһ񾧣еǳľȡ
ö񾧣Լĸĸ˿ڽһܴﵽ˾硣
ԪǺˮһð棬񾧷ȫһգҲ֪ȥ˶ãҶҲż
һ񾧣Ľ׵Ĳ²⣬Ҫһʱ䣬ϾҶǷ̥֮Ҫˣ˵
ʱһȥҶϵı鿪ʼҵʹȥҶķҲת
˷ȥ滻ɽ編ԭҶ˾ֻһ֮ң񾧷תڲ˾仯
һη򣬾ҶڲҶѪÿһ򣬶ͬһϣޱȼӲ
𣡡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ㷢һŭŹСֱǿĳǽС׻ϰƷɳȥ
Ҫͻˣ
淨ı仯ҶҪͻ˾ˣֵˣûнƣʮ֣Ҳ֤ҶĲ²⣬Ƭ磬֮ڡ
Ӧû׽ٽ٣һҪ뿪֪ɽ᲻׽١
һööɾҶﻯΪ촷ۣͻ֮ҶоԼľȫ˱仯
Ѿ۷̥ʣ·ܿһƺֹͣ˽һ˾磬ڷ缸ǲ
һеһУȫڷ仯ҶϸϸᣬɸˣȻֻһ֮ңȴ֮
Ҳ˵Ҷڷ磬ԶǰǲɱնɱҲ޷Ҷ
ΪѿȶƷɣǿȳҶɱκһˡ
һǧöƷɾҶľȶ˳仯
һξڣĵסˣҲõĵѵ
ǱޱԲ󣬻꺣֮УһСˣҶԪ񣬴ʱ¶һ˿Цݣ˺ǰӣһԡ
ͻ֮ҶоԼĵҲڷ˱仯ǧһԲʩչҪ֮ǰǿʮ
ϲǣ֮ʼ仯˴Ťתߵʱգ½
֮иɱ¾ԴֻСִ֮
֮ʼݱ䣬֮һʩչöʴӣߵֱ治ܰ컹Ǻҹпµߵǰߵȵȡ
ʮأ򲻵Ҷ㲻ʩչÿһʩչҶ㶼оԼ˿ӣԺ١
дӡƷиȽϹ㣬ʺѹɱ¾ɱ¾ԴǽֻŤתµߵֵ⣬ǧ
񾧣Ҷ㲻һСֶѣ⻹ޱǿ򳬳˼ʮͨˣǧ֮һ㹻ˡ
Сף
Ҷ֣С׹
ûʲôԥСվҶǰ֪ҶҪʲô
עһ֮֮УܲܰͻƵ޼𡣡
Ҷעһ񾧸СףҲͻƵޣʱһһ޶ˣϣǺɨ硣
ǽɽ磬ҶҲһԱ֮
԰ɣ
Сʮ˷ܣҲ˰޵ĳ̶ȣ޷ڽܽ񾧵кܴĻͻơ
Ҷȡһֱ֮ӴС׵棬ܿ죬С׵Ҷһ֮ͨɫҪĻɽС׷һŭ
ֵˣ񾧽Сڲ֮С׵ȳֱ仯ðһݣ֮ϣðһƬ
С׵Ҳڷ仯ͷ֮ϣðһֻǣʮּһ˿˿Ӵ֣ʱ֮ţҶʶ
£͸һС׵һӴСͬޣ֮ϣıϥϣһĻס
С׵ı仯Ҷ㶼һ㶣ҲǰɵģȫҶ֪ʲôޣ
޺ᣬǾԵĺ
Ľʱ˳С׵ı仯֮̾С׾ȻݣȻĴޣǾԲ޵͡
Ŷ
Ҷ¶һ˿ϲɫСʵԽǿ󣬶ԼİԽǿҪ޺ᣬɳĿռҲߡ
ЩޣΪѪԭ򣬳ɳĿռޣʲܴ࣬ﵽľ磬һֻɵľǻ
ҲһЩܳΪޣЩһֻһͷޣ
СԼҶҲﲻʲôæֻһΣգҶʱ֣ķ̣ʺͻ˾֮ء
𣡡
С׷һУ֮ϣƬԽԽ࣬ÿһռ䣬ڵƾС׵ͿԵֵһˡ

һ˿˿С׵ʮֿɲС׾ȻҶû뵽
ҶʮöɾСΧѾܸܳСڲ˱仯޷ת
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãСϵϢɢȥҲСԭСģ
ֻС׵岻һƤëһ׸סˡ
磬ɣߣ
С׺һ仯м䲿λƬʧƤëҶȥʼΧ޴ſʼεҶҪŵʲô
رЩ·ҶÿһΣ͵ľЩ·̫ǿˣԼһƣԼĪİ·Щ·ϸԪġ
棬ÿһԪ棬һԪҲʮ꣬Ҳ꣬˭Ҳ֪ҲǧҲĥ
ĸЩ·Ҷ·ԽʱգһЩ両ͷҶͻȻԭأƺԼСʱ򣬹ƨһɳ̲ϱܣǰиӰҶô׷׷ǵӰӡ


1510 ɽ
־ܿʧҶǻָȻЩ֮ϣʱմԽҶص˹ȥ
ô£
ҶһͷˮѵЩĸһй
ҡҡͷҶ㲻ȥˣҲ벻ףʼЩģϣܴвһЩ
һЩĿ̻Ժ֮УȳȥʱϣҵʲôõĶ
Ǹ뿪ˣ
ſߣȻҶʮʱ䣬Ҳ͸뿪˵
СףҶڵһ˿˿ۼ׳֣Ҷֱ֮ϣ·ƣС
ҿ
һ˺ռǵҶ׼ǿ˺һͨ뿪Ψһİ취ˡ
һϸϸѷˣѷ棬һĿĹߣҶ㼸˾ŸԪ˺ôһϸ죬Ҫȥǲܡ
СףҪİˣ
񣬳֣
£пܴһɹȥѷ졣
СͷϵͻȻѷϣҶȶǿɲֻȴСƣֱ˳ѷ˺˽ȥ
ǡ
ռ䷢һѷ󣬺ܿһ߶ǿһ˿Թȥ
ƴˣ
ûκεԥҶһͻȻɱȥ˲٣ΪһǣͻȻʧԭء
Ҷʧһ̣ѷ˲ϣһɣһ㣬Ҷ޷뿪
һ̣Ҷͷ֮ϣƣͻ˾磬ӭ˽ơ
ߣ
ûκͣʱ֮Уһ׽٣Լûκ׼ͻƣҲҵȫش˾õĳ
Ҷͽ˶ɽ̨רЩɽٵĵʹãܶǴ󣬱ͻƵʱƻ
Щ󻹿ԻƵɽ߼׽ٵ𺦣Ӷɽٳɹʡ
ܿںϿգһĽƣŮ٣׷״֪߳ʲô顣
֮ϣͻȻڵס˴գһ˿˿׵֣·ҪƬ硣
Ҫɽ٣
һЩϹŶˣĽƣ¶֮ɫҪͻ˾硣
ֵƣԼεȫӦˣЩǿ߷׷׽٣ᴩҪһ˶ɽ١
˭˭ͻƵ˾磡
һͷӶҪ֪˭ͻƵ˾硣
ǿ쿴ǵӰ˷˹ȥ
ڽ棬һӰޱȣ˵ٷȥҲ˷׷׳ɣҿⱻɨС
ԽԽĸֳ߾ۼҲһţΪٽ٣㿪˷
зɹһӰֱ䵽ɽ̨ʱ򣬴ҶˣҪɽˡ
Ҷ㣡
Ҷڶɽ̨ϵʱ˿ˣԭҶҪɽˡ
ڶ˾磬ģŶ󰡣˰
һ֣̾Ҷ䲻ʮ֮꣬УǾ꣬˵ܶ˲Ÿ̤ż
ҶѾΪˣ˱ˣ˾ͽǻ˼ǧ꣬ҵһλͻˡ
ǿ쿴ߵƺҲͻƣһˣͻȻˣԺƿˡ
˴ųԴ׵ζ׳ܲãϾ˳궼ͷչɳ
ЩţһǾǧ֮꣬ۡ
Χ۵мˣԴԴϵӿ룬ųһˣ˶лĿãԳλᣬһЩ⾳
һһޣռһһţһվţӭ׽ٵ١
ɽ̨ĴѾһ׽ٽ٣󷨻ữ׵֮֮գתµע뵽֮Уѭʹá
Ǻˣˣεˣħ嶼ǰۿǧһεʢ硣
վ֮УԼĶڶɽ٣ϲǲΰ룬ϲԼڴﵽ˾磬ǵôǿ׽٣Ҷ㵽ܲܰȫĶȹ
Ů׷ױǿ׵֮𺳣һأĬĬҶף֣һ𣬿֪Ǵ˿ǳš
˵ע֮£һ׵ֱҶ㣬ɲ׵磬澹ȻһķģҪֱӽҶ
úãü֤һҵ
Ҷǳǿ׵֮һ飬ɹҶˣҪʧܣ
ͣ
һ˿˿ˣ׵ûҶ֮УĶɽٷʽֱδţδ
ܶ˶ɽ٣׽ϣȸֱֵҶ㵹ãֱӳ׽ٵϴ
׵Ҷ֮УصŰҪһ˿˿ðҶȻ޶ԡ

ҶҪô˻ᣬ֮⣬ϣܲ򵽴һʩչ춼ס
ǧңȻβߣ˿ҪЩͼǧǿ౶
ʶʼֽ׵磬вİ壬׵ɣα׵ģЩҶķ
׵֮֮ݱɣײҵĻ𻨣ɢ֮ϣЩҶ㶼
ܿ죬ڶ׵£ЩƺʶҶ뷨ҪҶ㣬Ļᡣ

ҶȻã׵Լϡ
ͣ
ˮͰֵ׵ٴʧҶ棬˴ʧɫѵҶγ˶Ŀռ䣬׵磿
ûΪɽ̨Բǧ׸޷׵硣
˿˻ɽ˳û˶ۿҶɽ٣վ顣
֮УǿɺۣЩ׵ʼ
׵֮УֽʣһſžӨ͸СЩ׵ӣ׵϶ɡ
ԽԽ࣬׵ٶȻӿ죬һһҶٶޣЩ׵翪ʼʵʵҶϡ
䣡
ҶƤҲ̶ãҶ㻹ûκθı䣬ȫ׵磬׵
Ҷľٶƺŭƣ׵ӣղŻˮͰϸתۼˮ״ϸ˸·Ҳӡ
ÿֲ׽٣
ԶЩ˳׾ˣ׽٣ûٳвϹŶ˼ǧ꣬ҲĿù˶ɽٳɡ
Ҷɽٵģδշ·ҪҶ򣬳һ޴С
֮У׵ǴݵӰٴγ֣μ۳ʵʡ
СӣҪס
ĽҶ֮УֻҪҶɹȥˣлصɽ磬˼꣬ڵȵһ졣
Ҳֻɽ磬׷Ŀ꣬Ҳֻɽ磬ߵ𲽣Ҳֻɽ磬ʸѰ֮
¡
һìˣ֮ìҶ֮ìࡣ
Ǵ֮ĿǻҶ㣬ϡ
ҶʲôŭԹ飬ǿ׽٣Զɽ壬һ絹׵֮ʼӡ
ǿ쿴ƺɽ粻ԸҶ㣬Ҫ֮𣡡
˿һЩߣɽʵǻɫٴһ䡣


1511 
ƺҪҶ㣬ϣֻŭԹ飬ŻĴ
Ҷ㲢δʲô飬һУΪԱԵ޹ʵȥɱˡ
ֻҶԼ̤ɾʼһ׽ٱһǿͻưɾʱ׽١
֮ìµһ̣ҶͻȻ˫ۣͷ죬ݣҶ֮УɱⰻȻ
գ
һץΪһֻצ֮ìץ˹ȥޱȣҶ졣
ǿֶΣҲֻ
Ҷɽ磬˶¶֮ɫκ˶ɽ٣СҶ׵磬ͽץ֮ì
¡
Ҷִ֮ìһ̣֮ϣҵĺ¡·Ҫһ㣬ʮֺˡ
ס˶䣬һЩѣֱʲôȫƬء
ҿˣ
˷˺һףܲҶɽ̫ɲˣȫΪ
ֱì̴ȻֹҶĽŲ֣ҶĴٴλָ֮ì߬
ɣ
ǿɲķҶɽ磬ͺñɸ¥Ҷһʵĵػ
֮ìҵĻζɽ־ܷҪҶĿƣ̽Ҷ档
ȻΣҶֲûնɱɽˣһնɱ٣ССɽ־ɱԼֱǿЦ֮
Ҷһȣ֮ìһ䣬ƯҶǰɢһɹɿµ
Ҿ͵ȫ˵棬˵־
ҶƣҶὫ֮𣬽ͳ׸˺Ƥ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ɽĳطͻȻһζݣƺܵҶơ
ֳˣ֮ìһͷҶ˫֮УһǿҵĽ⡣
Ҷϣ
Ҷһȣ֮ìҶһ䣬γ乭״⵽ʲôһħ
˻
ԶױҶֶξѾ޷Ǵ˿̵顣
˵ǰǻҶ㣬ʵʸûˣһ¶Ƿ֮ɫһӶ׷ҶĽŲ
꣡
֮ìӦϣҶ룬ķʼй¶Щɽ־ɽķʮִڷ
ħʼɣ
ϵ֮ìֱӱħ˽ȥ͸ɫħˣʼգܵĿռ䶼սȥֱȼճɻҽ
ÿɲ
ħһͻȻһƺܲס·Ҫȥһ㡣
͡
ħ֮У֮ìķһ㱻˳žŸߣһע뵽Ҷ֮С
þɽ編򣡡
ҶͻȻЦȻصͻ˾磬ϧҶûնɽ編ֻǽͻơ
һɽ򿪣׽٣ɽ編ƵĹӦҶա
յԽ࣬ҶʵԽǿֻǶɽһյʱ䣬Ҷʵͷ˾仯ѾͨһƷɣﵽһƷ۷ĵز
Ǵδֹͻ˾磬һƷɳǼޣû˿ڷ粻ϵͻ˾硣
ϵ׵ԽԽ࣬飬ܼ־֢ˣ϶ܲˣ׵磬һһߣӣҶ
ɽٵķʽֱһ漣˵Ҳֹ׵罫Ҷ޷
һɫף۹׵ԽԽ࣬ĽҶסһ޴ӣѾҶˡ
˶ڰĶɽٷʽҲûмֻܾĵȴ
е׵绹ӣһ࣬С׶ɽ࣬Ҫԭ׵綼ҶˣŵСɶɽٳɹ
СûȥվҶһԣű׵Ҷ㣬Ҫȥ׵繰ɡ
ҿ
Ȼ֮䣬޴ɳȥҶ屩©⣬Щ׵磬δ˼Ҷ壬Ҷ
ͳͳɣҳɽ
ҶͻȻվΪһɫֱӷ޾֮Уʼ׽ٶս˭ǿһ
羨ˮſ޿ڣһЩ׵ɽȥħʼҶԴԽԽ
һ˿˿绡Ҷϣǲһ˿׵֮Чϵɣ֮ϵ׵ۼԽԽࡣ

һˣҶſڽݵӰɽȥ֮
Ӱһ̣ؿʼζɽƺŭˣһЩʼҡҡλΣѺۣ·һ𼴽١
֮ϣԽԽݣЩ׵翪ʼɢ޷γЧĹֻҶɲд׵֮
һŤҶص˶ɽ̨ϣϥ£ȫݣǧ׵磬ҲȲݵӰ
ʧȥݣϵʧҶɹɽ٣һ׼ˣԺЦ˼۷塣
ܴ̾ҶˣҲĬĬ뿪̼ܵˣ׼ȥչأ˾
Ҷɽ٣Ժܶ˶ǵľ磬ҲһĪİ׷뿪ٶ
ֻиҶ㽻õһЩˣ׷£׼Ҷ㽻һϣҵһЩͻ
ЩҶ˳ӶˣǵҶ㣬ڿˣҶ̽ͻ˵İء
ͻ֮Ҷ㲻Ҫȹ̾磬һЩɾټһ𣬵ȻҲף¼ˡ
׷ڹ㳡ϣҶ㿪ʼڵҵһЩͻ˵ĵãһڳܶǳƲֻ꣬ͻƾ硣
棬Щûбˣ޵ҧгݣھŵ̬ҶҲɡ
ñնս̵ԺȵȣǸҶûʲô飬Ҷ㲻ǡ
ޱ¥Ҷ㶼û룬οǣҲˣޱ¥Ҷֻһˡ
˲ˣ¼Ҳ˲ˣǽлͻ˵ţһ¶֮ɫϷŹҶ˵ÿһ֡
ÿһ죬ڳ˶ͷһඥĸо
¶֮ɫƺһЩ磬˵
͵ҲǣȻûиı䣬֮Уȴڷ仯תɽ編
㽲һһҹҲŴֳԵ״̬ѹ˳ٳٲȥϣܵõҶˡ
ϧȵڶ죬˵Ĵδû˸£ΪСػǿһˣĻ棬˲ܽɾɱ
ˣվ͵ն٣ǾҪǵ컯ˣ
Ҷһ컯ǣʦţڸˣ٣Ϳ˵츳ˡ
лˣ
ڳѾٳƺҶ㣬ҶֵܵȵȣǳƺˣѾɷ𣬴ӴԺ󣬲ͬһ·ˡ
˴ףһףҶͻˣڶվȽŸ


1512 
ʱ꣬˾ͽ֮⣬ٴγˣʮᣬǧҫ۵š
»ۣ˶Ѯ̣꺢ͯžƱ໥ײˣ˴û˷ɹ
һֱ˶СķչǽԸˣ˲СˣĴһˣܽ
ҺһֱԵ·ˣӲˣƾ㣬õһº׷Ͷ֦ϣܸ˽Ϊ֮Ժ໥ҲиӦ
һֱҹҲž˶飬ƺһ˼ʮ꣬޽ǵİ׷Ҳһˡ
Ҷķ֮У˿һˣһҶĿˣΪҶͻƵˣЩ飬Ҫ˽⣬ڷڵʱ򣬹׾⡣
㲻ô͵ǰҡ
ĲǱˣǷڵĹףҶõ֮󣬾֪Ҷһ죬̤ɽ硣
ֻû뵽һô磬޽Ҷ⵽ɱϹѩĴȣ͵˻ʮꡣ
ڼ䣬ֻйһţҶ㲻һڻģҲᱣҶ㡣
ȿȡ̫ˡ
εЦЦȷʵҶ㻹ͨӣȻݣԼԼ
ڲͬҶˣǰǷڵӣǾǸ߸ϣκһˣҪ
Ҽǵǰ˵ڸɽϵ˽ɽϢ
ȻͻƵ˾磬Ҷ㶼ֻʱ⣬Ҫ˽ɽϢ
ûǷڵȷֻɽһ֧ܴ֮ͬһԭϣɽ֮ܽɽڡһǿԸΪôЩ꣬ɽһֱϵڶһսˣɽûеλҵһɿţԸõķչ
ĳ˵飬Ҷȥڵʱ򣬹׾ʱҶҲӦˡ
㲻õģԣҿ϶ѡڡ
Ҷ˵ͷɽĲпᣬҪȷ绹ҪٱҪûǿĿɽпһС㣬ܿ챻Ե
Ϊɽ絽Ȼһ㣬ͻὫҶԵͷʣ
ĳţҵõıӻȶչʵǿѰԼͷˡ
úúãҾͷˣǷڵɽ磬ҵڵĻóöɽһġ
״ԼĻóһöӵͣһöķ֣·𴫳˼һ㡣
Ҷ㽫ӹսָȻ֪ܲϣϾʤޡ
˺ֱܶ࣬ɫ΢ʱ򣬹ײǣһҹʱ䣬ֹҶɽ飬Ҷܶ⣬Թ˵ǧһΡ
ҶһԺ棬˾磬ԲԲȣɽͿά
⼸ʮƽΪҶ㻹ʧˣ޶һʧ
ֻм֪Ҷڵǣϣմﵽ˾
ҶҲûģóܶƷɾһ󷨣Եȡɽ編ֻҪﵽ˰ɾͿԽ
ΪˣЩŽٵɶî˾ϣܽҶ㲼õ󷨣ͻˡ
ڲһЩ󷨣ܿһģʵڷı仯Ȼŷչʮ̣꣬ѳš
ǿκһ˶뺳˵ĸ
һĿռ֮УҶ㵥ٳ
ܰͻˣ
仹һɻ֮ɫЩš
ܲͻҲ֪ҿ׼ȷĸ㣬δ֮ڣһͻ˾硣
Ͼÿʲͬ񾧵Ϳͻˡ
ҶԸıǵʣתͻ˵ʱ䣬Ҷ㣬ʱӦòˣҲͶꡣ
֪Ҷ˼һɽ磬ĸȥͻˣݽߣڷֻҪԼǾͿˡ
ŮɫҶôЩˣֶϰΪ֮ܵ죬ҶܲɷֵĹϵ
ϥãҶó񾧣ʼ񾧷Сע뵽ÿһ˵档
Ȼ䣬ϱͨܲס·Ҫɲű
ҺҶ׼ϾչһʮϤ
һУҶ㿪ʼЩٵ뵽֮УֻϢʧȡ֮Ǵ񾧷
ʮˣüͷ壬ȻǿҶѹȥתʹ࣬ҪԼȥܡ
ҶĸʵͣܵѹҲҶ󲿷˼ĸϡ
Ůʵ൱黹Ͼӵǿϱʮɡ
ڿٵת䣬ҶҲʧһöС񾧣Ĵ
һö񾧣⣬ͳʮˣѹÿǳű緢ǰϣҵһ񾧡
ϧܶ˵õ̶ֻ֥Сޣܰһͻƶǳѡ
ʱţҪת򣬿һأҲ
˹ҪҶ棬ѾԼת
壬γһƵϵͳҶԸĽִĹȻôܣڶ̶̼ʮ꣬˴ҪŻҪϽҪ
Ҷʮ룬ɫ𽥻ָӡתʧʣµԼ
ܲͻˣתʲô̶ȣҶ㶼ﲻæ
뿪С磬ҶʧԭأķѾ޷ٶȣԽ˹٣ҶĴҵǰ
ħսûв룬ŵʧأҪһ˵
ȻĴϴҶ㻹Ҫһ
֪ҶǰĴҶǿΪ飬˺ܶı䣬Ҷͻˣ˺
ûȻĴʶԼ⣬Ҷ㲻ü׷ȥغĴȻΪ壬ҪΪһ
һ飬Ҷ㽫丮е˳һһȥΪм˾Ȼħ壬˺ܶɱӶĹҶ˳
һУҶһڷʱ䣬岻̫Σչԡ
һ󽭺ɽҶҵѣûµʱȾ죬ָһǵΪȻû񾧣ҶϻƷɾ
͵ˣˣԼҶҶʱ飬һʱ䣬Ҷ㡣
Ϊ֪ò˶ãҶҪ뿪ˣ뿪һأҲ꣬Ҳǧꡣ
ҲһӶڼˣ
ʱ䣬ûĬĬҶȾơ졢̸ġ

֮ͻȻҪͻ˾ˡ
ҶһץСϿգֻŸʺͻ˾硣


1513 ǰϦ
ʱ꣬˵Ķɽֳ̨һӰŮӡ
ٴλǿ߷׷׼٣ϴҶͻƣǳͻƣλᡣ
Ҿ޸ܶǰҶϵõţʼ˽ãϣͻˣ໥һ
ڶɽ̨ϵľȻСᣬ˭Ҳû뵽
һֱС˵죬һʹ˭ϵҶ֮ǵһͻˡ
˷׷׳תò˰ʱ䣬ֻˣϵϢǿɢɽ編
ҲһȻûгɹͻƵˣ˸ͻˣֻʱ⡣
С׽ٸҶȣȫ֮˰ٵ׵磬󷨵ػСɵĶɽٳɹ
Сɹһ̣ɽ֮Ŵˣһǣ֣֮ҪС뵽ɽ硣
Ҷ˫ֿʼӡɽ֮ŷӡˣֹСʱҲҪȸԼһ
κͻ˾磬ɽ綼ǣͻˣһʱ䡣
ҶһŮ˳ɹͻƵˣٴλ˰ɾǴһϵð
һСͻ֮󣬽һԼĵãһҶ˴ţҶǳˣǶˣ
ˣΧԴԴϵĸǴҵԶԶȥ˷ԲǧǺѹѹȺ
СŮһ㣬ʮֶÿһַܷȪˮ
Ȳ˵ҵƾС˳У԰Ρ
֮ÿһ˵ͻˣĬĬĶ˷
ͻƣóĵøһ޵ݣرǰЩҶˣ¶֮ɫ
֮УҶ꺣֮ͻȻһûľ磬ȴʵʵڵķˡ
֮
ĽҶ㣬֮õԽ࣬ĺôԽȻֱӷϵȴֲϵȱʧ
˵Ҷɾһÿ˵ĳݣϵ֮͵Ҷ֮С
㽲ҹСվӣͻ֮Сϼ⣬˶Ĥݣֱӡ
˴˿վСǰЩλ࣬Һһ̫飬ͬãȻһἵʡ
ɷ֮ͻƵˣȥϵķ֮
˲Ըȥж˴棬ʱ֮ڣͻƾ硣
ΪСٴףһϲϼϲ
Ҷûˣֻڲףһ
Ҷ磬ЩҪ˵һ¡
ھϣСҶ㴫ͻƾ磬С᲻̸»ʣ˾仯ȫһˣƺ˺ܶණ
ȥ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷµȵ˵
Сɫһ죬û˵ʲôĬĬĺȾƣܸλףء
ƹѲҷ׷ȥԻص˷֮ڣҶûлȥŵƹķ䡣
ˣ
Ҷ·ţҹԶ
ɣҶ磡
Сܿƺû˯һֱڵҶ㡣
֨
ҶŶ룬СضȲЩţЩ˵ôЩ꣬Сûгֱֹ顣
ôˣ
ҶһͷˮСΪ֡
Ҷ磬ҡ
Сֹƺݣ֪Ӻ˵¡
ôˣ
ҶĽС§ڻŹĵĿСһֱСԸЩֻ꣬϶ûвС
Ҷ磬֪ҵˣļȫѡ
С˵һܣĻ꺣֮Уӡһμ䣬Ҷʮֺ棬С˵
ô£
ҶüͷһѵСҪ뿪Լ
ˮʥŮתתɹͻ˾磬ǰδܴﵽеǰļȫѣɽҲӦͻƾ磬ٻ
ԭСҲɽ֮ˣתɹ
Ǻ£Ϊ˷
Ҷţһɽ磬ΰǣ֪СŮʥŮӦһ
Ǻ£ǡ
СֹȷʵǺ£ɽбˣԴһˮ
ʲôҶ׷ʵ
ˮеӣҿһˮҶô죡
ԭСҶ㵣ģ˼֪֮ɽĲпᣬȻҶڷվ۷壬ǽɽ磬Ǿǵ׵Ĵڣƻһʮ꺢ͯ
СΪԼ޷ˮҶʮʹСᣬ÷ȵȣ㶼ǿԼҶʮھΡ
ɵҶɽѾȥˣǵģ֮ԳٳٲϷɽ磬ϣһ𣬼ȻˮʥŮҲˣԽǰ
Ҷ˹ССӣҪǣԼɽ磬ѰɽڣϣܼȥҸŵĵط˵
Ժ飬˭ܲµõֻһһڵɽ磬ѱˮ϶ڣȻҲСᷢٻ
ɽھͲһˣΪ궼ûиϵҲѾʧɽ磬Ϊ˰οСᣬҶ㻹ˣ˵ԼѾ֮ء
̫ˣ
СΪЦ֮ɫʧΪˮŮӣκӲ̤룬˵ˮˡ
ϸСһҹɫδҶ뿪ķ䣬ҺС֮ȻҶƾһ˸ܲס
֮ҶһܵϢһ֮һɽ硣
Ϣһʱһ磬ÿһ䣬Ҷ㽫ĵص㶨ǧ壬һʱ䣬ǧ巽Բǧռ졣
Ϊǧߵɽ壬ƣնܿĴһƬ˼ɵء
ҵ̣֪ҶѡֱӴӦǧһٳطɸ˹ۿ
˷û˼ˣкܶ˷ĵģⱻ˷֣ҪĿǸˣڷ磬ԱӻԼˡ
Ҷ㲻ͬȻҪˣβƣκ˶޷зڸŷ֣һ𣬶˵ĸ
Ҷǰԭյִɽ磬ҲҵԼ֮ա
ʣµһʱ䣬ҶҲûȥÿԼĸĸƽʱָŶаľճΪˡ
磬뿪֪ʲôʱˡ
ŶѾǼʮǰСѳͤͤܰмơ
ֻҪúһǻģ
ҶŶԴ֮УЩʣЩǷߵ̫ˡ
İɣһúշɽ磬ʱҪ̧Ŷ
Ŷ¶Ƥı飬Ҷĸ첲˵
һ
Ҷ֤Ķһӭӡ
ǼҵŶҲСˣǲǿǸҸżˡ
ҶͻȻŶȷʵСˣһֱûкʵĶ
磬û
ŶҶֱۣɫһ죬ȥ


1514 ɽ
ŶߵӣҶԺЦ
һʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ̡
˵һ͸һûʲôڷ˵һܶ飬â֣ոһÿڣԼջ
ҶԽԽҲʼǴСҶϢ
ΪҶҪżŮһǰδе飬ͻˣֻԼһ뿪ܴԼ߻߼ˡ
ֻҶ㣬Ǹһɽ磬ڸĸڷ磬꣬ͻˡ
ʱۣҶվǧ̨һ̣˶ˣˣվڵ̨ܣĬĬעҶ㡣
ҶĸףϵתԴͣĲˮ֮Уһ˿ϲá
ԼĶӿԵɽˣǶһ׷Ŀ꣬˶Ѱҵյ㣬ԼĶʵˡ
ˣİɣǼò˼꣬һҲɽ磡
͵˹ҶǰҶҲҪһ뿪ȴ͵˾ܾǲƿˣҪԼŬɽ硣
ǵľҶ˵ͷʮοϾԼɽ磬϶⣬ҪǴ̫ˣ׸
͵˺γ֪ԲҶ㣬ƿ
ֵܣأ
Ҷһһӵֵˣʶʱ䲻ȴܸεա
Ҷ÷ĸ׸綼ˣ壬ĸףĸף¼˵ܰĸҲˣ֪ԼŮҪɽ磬һʱ
ʮһݵСᣬĸһֱˣҲһϡ
׵ֻĬĬվһԣҶԼߵһк
ʦܣأ
Ҷһһӵֵ䲻룬ȴ˲Ծĵᡣ
λʦ֣ɽǣ
⼸ָ㣬ǵʵ˾仯ֱҶͻˣҲǲܡ
ҶҵˣƼҵˣ˵ˣĽݵȵȣ׷Ҷ
ûҶ㣬ûǣûнĵλȥһ⡣
Ժǲźˣ
Ľݵ겻ѣ뵽ΪҶһƵĵƬıԼһˡ
Ľݵһ˵𡢻졢ᡢͭ˷׷׹ڵأҶ֪֮֮ɸĸһ㡣
ɣֲ𣬴ҶúŬһ죬ǻġ
Ҷ㽫ǶЩûǷ֣ҶҲ˳ߵһ
ģһŬģ
˲ȥˮظ֤˵
ֻҪҶϤˣ׷кһ𣬲֪²ܼ棬ܶһҲ޷ͻˣ𣬽Զ
ò˶ãҲħ磬ϣټ֮գԵľһָò˶ãܻصħ硣
¥ߣľߵȵȣҶ
ף橵ˣҲţǰҶ㡣
նս̣ԺʥдǰҶ㡣
ˣҶĸǰֱӹ仹ĸ׿ͷ
ףĸףТ˳ˣǷģò˶ãһֻžۣ
ϽҶҶ¹ֻˣǾԼĸĸ
һСģҸĸײùİĻһжҪ¿ʼһǾ仰ı󶯣Ҫ嶯¡
Ҷļ򣬸еοд˶ӣ򸴺
ǣ
Ҷεļ̤Ƴǵһ̣Ͷ˵仰ˣ仹仰ϣҶμġ
ʱ䲻ˣɣ
ۿЩʪڴȥЩˣڣҶϽ
ĸһһӵҶϵ̨Ҳһһÿ˶޺˫ۣߵҶߡ
λټ
Ҷһսħ֮УС֮⣬ǲˣҪսħȻ޷ɽ硣
־֮ϳһ⣬ǽҶ㣬ܿ죬Ҷض˳ɽǣһ

ҶĸͻȻߺֱ̱ŶĻ˹ȥ
ϧҶˣ뵽ޱߵĺڰӷɽ磬ҪҪᴩִܵ
˵ע֮£Ҷ㳹ʧˣɽ磬һոµ硣
ҶоԼһεηɽ磬Ľ˵˴Ľ֮⣬ʹ˰˱
˻ʱʻҶھħⱻɽ֪
С׻һСģſڰ˱֮УҶһɽ硣
óȻɽ磬ǲģȥҲᱻɽ編ֱѹ촷ۡ
Ϊɱ¾֮ǱԪ˱ںҶҶһѪںϣ൱ڵڶԪһ
˵ˣҶķҶڡ
չҶƳΪլҶҲ˳ŵϧ޷ɽ磬ڷΪѾչļޡ
ЩõҶ㶼Ϊ˷չ֮ãɾҶһЩʣµ½ʹá
ɰɣҲ֪ȥ˶ãҶһֱãã֮˭Ҳ֪ɽ羧ڵж
һҶ󻮹һһţѿˣʧ
ܵķϢı仯Ҷ֪һƺϲ磬ѵɽҪ
ҶоܷԽԽֻ̣ɽ磬˼̵ķٶҲ𽥼
ʧǰһ˿⣬ӺڰҶ·
ʵɽ磬һµĿʼ֮⣬һжҪ
ǿѹҶϮʮֲҺѹܿʧҶŵ˻㣬ŵ˿ζһ뵽ıǻ֮С
һǿ֣ҶͻȻʧԭأǲųǵСӼ˳һο硣
ͨ
˺ѷεʹ֣Ҷ㱻һǿקݺݵˤڵϣһʺ
ʹˣ
Ҷ죬þûôǱˣȻֱӸһܽӴ
ӵҶŴܣ죬һǳǧһơ
﷨̣֮УŨ֪Ҫ½紿ٱ
Ҷ磬ǳȥ
СͻȻˣҶϽǳ
ã
ҶһͻȻʶ˲ã򿪾ħǸϽ
С֮⣬ʮܣħʼΪɽ編ĹϵĿռСٱ
ٲǳͻᱻѹܵħա
û°ɣ
Ҷæһ飬ֻ⵽˼ѹûΣգϢһ¾ͺˡ
Ҷ磬ɽ𣿡
÷ʮֺ棬ɽ磬û뵽һҲɽ硣
ûɽ磡
˵СᣬϤζҲˣķ̫Ϥˡ


1515 Ʒ
Сת飬ҶѾǼ˵ˣԲ֡
֪𣿡
ҶһĨڣֲܷУھ͸һûʲô·صԺһжҪ¿ʼˡ
ܿк鷢ΪҶǰڻ۵̫ˣɽ֮󣬺ܿ͸оɶҪͻƶƷɡ
Ϥĵ棬ŴգҲ֪ɽж㣬ҪŴ䡣
ǿķʯȷӲҶһȭͷоʮֳ˵УҶһʱѼ
巽λҲѾˮϵˣԼɳǻ档
С֮վλ˵
֪Ϊʲô˵ɽһ꣬һ˵ˣ
ҶϤһ»֮󣬴ŸпŴգһҪȷһʱ䡣
ҲûôţֻɽʱԱȷܶණԶﴫ
Сͣܶ¶֮ɫϾ磬ȫͬʱ䷨Ҳͬ
һҪͻˣ
ҶתһȦʱûʲôΣգͻƶƷɣɽ磬һݱϡ
ã
վһȦӣҶм䣬ԪʼƷɡ
ûκѶȣ˲ȥܵӿҶ֮Уһյʱ䣬Ҷͻơ
߰ɣ
վӣҶԭļöɾĵ߰˰ˣʣ޼ˣҼģɽ磬ɾͨûңûɾ粽С
ȵȣ
СͻȻסˣҶ˶¶֮ɫ
ɳǣ϶ǲҪ鷳ҽ黹Ǽһ¡
ˣһǹɫһ֮У϶˵ע⣬ʵǿҲͰˣƫƫڻǰɾ
ҶҲûػǵΨһİ취Ǽ鷳
ã
Ů׷ݣóߴϣʮĸŮϻӣӵϣᱻעӵһˡ
һУŴӿտĵش뿪һ·ѡߡ
ͣͣÿһʱҪϢһյʱ䣬һ·ϣ۵㺹죬ȴûһ˵ࡣ
ǰ治Զ˼ңǿܹܲ͵Ķ
Сָָǰ治ԶɽڴȻзݡ
ɽҲͨˣ
Ҷһɻ֮ɫЩݽͨûʲôҪߣԲס
Ȼ˶лɣñȸճӤʱҲ侳һʲãֻܳɳɼɽ磬ǾǷһͨ˵
СͣɽƶʵһֻҪߣһ޶۵ˣҲ֮ȼһŵȡ
Ҷ˵ͷɽĵȼƶҪȷ绹ҪңȻЩ˲סƫԶɽ
߰ɣ
Ϣһյʱ䣬վ·ǰܿһŵķݣʮңԶԶȥмͯˣ
һ˼ҴŴһʮҵߣરવĳẓ́ʱʱسЩˣĺӡ
߹վӣƺ궼ûˣͻȻ˽¶֮ɫ
ɣ
Ҷ㻹˽Σʮֹĳʵ
ʲôˣ
Ȼһ֮ɫԶˣļС˻
ɲôţֻ·ˣҪһȥɳǵ·ߡ
Ҷ㻹ǹʵǱŶ㵽ͻȻİǰʮ־衣
ԭ·ˣɳǲ֪˳·߳ȥϿȣܽһСǣڴһ°ɡ
·ˣķ²٣ָָԶһС·ҶǸϽ뿪
ɣûп˵ĹߣǿԹ򡣡
Сʾ֮£Ҷʵ·ҷǳµȵ뿪ɽҲڳˡ
ûУ
߰˰֣Ҷ˿뿪ȻͲˣϾЩ˲ͨˡ
ɣǲצţǿԹһͷĶԼ׼
СʱָָԶڳԲݵһͷצţϣԹ
Ҫצţ
ɫһ㶣צţͨޣȷ˵޶㲻ϣǻ󲿷ֶɱ⣬ɽ͵ȵ
ûǹ򣡡
Сȷ˵צţȻ˵㣬ܱԼ·ɣҶ㵹ܼ֣˿¼ֲȥˡ
öɾǣ߰ɣ
Ϊ˴ҶǣöɾҶǣצţ
ǣצţҶ켸˺ܿ뿪ӣ˴ڴСҶ㷥ľɳӣצţǰ
ķСʱ䣬һУȥҶ䵱Сĵ·ϣһǰС
֮뿪ɽɽĵ֮㣬Ҷ㰵̾ôǷļ򱶡
ǰǳأǽȥһ£ǰɳǣ
ԶгǳصӰӣ߹ȻûѣҺƫԶ󲿷ɽײ
צţԼҶ켸˽벻ĳǳ֮С
˵ǳǳأɽ˵һ൱ڷһң棬絹ûʲô
ǽ񣬻ǽˣ޼ΨһĲ𣬾編粻ͬ
ҸطϢڴɳǵ䣡
ʮۣҶҲۣһջϢ˵
ڽֵϣ˿̵Ҷ̤Ժһһ˿ţҵһܴĿջ˵Ӧܱ˲٣ΪҶĺ
ϵĶУֻмʮöɾˣ²άǽ
ɽ磬ɲ棬ҪԶͨʳʳ溬飬Բ
һʳҪüöɾһ·ϣҶ㶼һЩӹ÷˸ö˵ǻǷ֮ʳ˵еҪ
öɾ䣬ҪһʳöɾҶ㶵ֻʣʮöɾˡ
Ӳù
ڷ磬ҶûԴû뵽ɽżʱ䣬ͿʼΪԴˡ
Ҷ̬ܺãóԾͳԣúȾͺȣͷȻֱİ취ڷʲôûоᱻǰ
һʳ˾ȫָʳ֮Уд޸Ʒ
ʳúóԣҸоҿҪͻˣ
˵Ǻʮ˾磬ֻһ֮ң
ⲻͨʳ溬кܶʣֻͨ˲ʳãǵˮ֪ʲôʳ
ǳԵĽζС¿ӣʮֻǰӡ
ҲȻڳʳСҲǵǣ̫ʣԺûʲôô
֮󣬴ҸϢҶϣһǿܲ׬һЩɾڶǴɳǵ䡣
λүһǴİɣɽͼһɾһݣүһݰɣ
Ҷ뿪ջϾڷɽͼ


1516 ɫ
ߵֵϣڷɽͼҶİӣһͲǵˡ
һݣ
óһöɾҶӹһŲӣʶ͸ȥһƬĵͼˣҶʶУʱ䣬ʶ˳
Ҷڵʶ޷ͼȫۿһ飬ֻ
үҿǴİɣ
Ҷͼһʮ꣬źƣһҾҲǺܺá
ܸң𣿡
Ҷûлش⣬ȸԼںδ
ǽҾͲ֪ˣ˰ɣ
һҲʮϧ޷뿪
лˣ
Ҷ㻹Ǹл˵һ䣬תϼȥ
λүҪϢҿԸָһط˶ӣ󲿷˶ǴģҲܴһЩϢ
Ҷ˿һֱڵײ㣬ŷͼΪҶ̫ˡ
Ŷʲôط
Ҷͣӣ˫ۿꡣ
ǰ治Զ¥СͶĳܶϲĲȥ
˵뿪ˣͼ
˳ָķҶһ֣Ȼһ¥濴һͨĿջϸϸ۲죬ܷطһ
ĺܶƺǽԷģΪ¥棬ûԵ
Ҷԥһ£̤¥һ¥ڷżż򵥵ӣûмˣ˽к˵Сܿ˹
͹٣ҪԵʲô
Сһһ˵һҶ㲻ƷɣҲֻǱ߳һѣˣɽ͵ȵĴڣԲӡ
ҶҲ⣬ûС۵ı顣
ҲԷģ
Ҷشܸɴ࣬ԼĿĲǳԷҪɳǵ䡣
Ҷ㲻ԷģСһ˿⣬ǵϵˣֻ˽¥ڲˣж졣
ǳԷʲôң
СȻ⣬Ǻȳһ䣬ΪҶҵġ
ϻˣҽȥд˵ķʽ𡣡
ֵҶȣҶȻ粻ߣǿӵ־ǿѹ֮Сݺݵѹȥ
Ҷ㷢ŭСŵһ£ȻһӲӣӣԼˡ
֪أ
СȻˣ߶ǿͣСҵ
˽ܹЩزģҲµģֻ
Ҷ˵ĺˣԼǮģӳ״СĹǡ
ɣغܼ򵥣ﲻ׼£׼ǧһֱ֣նֱۡ
غܼ򵥣һЩĳ࣬ܿҶ㱻¥ڲһӵ˳
ʵĲûг룬Խȥˣ
Сһ䣬ҶԼž޴ĶĳкüǧƽСжĴСɫӵȵȡ
ûгһĵĴ󲿷ֶɾҲ˶һЩĶԴ֮ȵȡ
Ҷûż֣һȦĿɫ򣬶ķܼ򵥣µ
ɲǲ´СܶɫӵĹأǲ´СһȵȣֻҪƽֵСС
ȵȣЩƽֵѺ󣬿ƽֵΪӮ֮СҲһ
ͨĶķҲϿһģʽ
ﲻͬµһ㶼ԣΪѶȺܴʷǳĿɹۣƽʮһһ˲¶Ծͷǳһ˶޷С
ֿһ
һˣֵ˵һ䣬뿪ӣڳһλá
һȦҶ㶼ˣһʮ¶ˣׯһʮҪǴˣȻׯҵģܼ򵥣Ҳֱӡ
ߵʣԶģֻҪ뿪ͻ˲ϣʮֻҪӮһ֣㱣Ӯֱ֣뿪ˡ
ׯʮҵŮһöֵƣ渲һɫʣҶʶȻ޷͸ȥҲ˵˭Ҳ˱ףɫǼ㡣
ŮֿʼҡΣɿתöɫӲϵĻζҶһʮ꣬۾ϸɫӷ
ҡʮʱ䣬žһƷϣʾҿעˡ
ѹʮöɾģ
ѹʮöɾ
ѹʮöɾ

ܶѺע涼ģǹǴɫӷжϳģǶ٣˭Ҳ֪
ʶ͸ȥ۾ֻֿƾӦɫǶٵ㡣
Ҷһٳûעʮ˼ûظģǴ󲿷˶ѺģҲ˵һɫӿ϶ĵ㳯ϡ
λע
Ҷٳûж֣ɹŮʾҶһ㣬Ѿ˵Ȳˡ
Ѻģöɾ
ҶһʣʮһöɾˣûȫѹϣѹöҲ١
֣
Ůɹٻһ䣬ȫע֮ϣҪ׿Ǽ㡣

˿ʼߺһɫӱ©ڴҵ֮С
һͨɱ
ɫӣģһһҶµġ
ſ֣Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ղۣ֮͸ǲεʣģ˵һ̣һɫͻȻһ£һ
ЩһĺˣͲһܲУֻĿźɹеɾ
ʮˣһǶͽһ׷״źɹ٣ҡɫӣλεɾ׼ע
ͬĶͬٶȣʮʱ䣬ɹٽƷϣҿעˡ


ʱ䣬ҶˣҶ㣬Ȼһ
óϽʣöɾҶѡ

ŮɹȻ˵һ֣ƴ򿪣öɫ¶˳Ӧ˵Ǳӣıӡ
Ůɹ̧ͷĿһҶ㣬ЩţղıһöɫӣΪûб仯
˶ˣׯӮһööҶ¶ԣҶʮöɾ
˷׷׽Ҷ㣬ƺİڶĳûм
Сӣǵһİɣ
Ҷұߵ¶һŻɫݣҶʵ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ㵭ػصԼǲǵһûбҪκ˽͡
Ҷӣʮ¶һ˿׹⣬ܿڻصϣ֮У񶾣ʮ䣬ҶڶӮһ֡
𣬴ҿʼ۾񣬾ɫӵı仯
µһ̣Ҽעֵ˭Ҳ֪Ǽ㡣
ҶȻһֵɹĿһҶ㣬ΪҶᶮס
ϧҶ˫ַϣ峺ȫףƾ죬ƷˣʶҲ޷͸ȥ

ҶѺĻһͬ˵Ĺע¶֮ɫ
СӻǷˣղϹײɶˣȻΪܿ𡣡
¶֮ɫΪҶ룬пһطθͷģׯҲŲôɵ

Ůιƣֵˣͬ˶Ų˼֮ɫöɫӡ


1517 ̽Ϣ
ŮɹƿƣɫӳڴҵߣֵˣȻ
ͬһҶ㣬ΪҶһѹʮöղŴһЦΪܿŹȥʱ䣬ͱݺݵĳһơ
Ůɹٵ۽Ƕ˳飬ΪɫӲˡ
еɾҶöҶɾ˲䷭ʮ
˹ʺˣܱɶԣ
ҶҲ¶ۣǺݺݵĵһҶ㣬Ѿ˿һǧöɾˣȻƷɾʮʹ
˷׷׵ͷرҶòʮİ˵ĹעҲ˶ĳڲԱע⡣
쿪һ֣
˵ȲˣúɹټǶͽҵҲҪڶһѡ
һŮɹҡʮСģҲҡʱ䣬ɫӵı仯ࡣ
ણ
ƷϣһŮɹ˫û뿪ƣڵס˵ߣһһȻߴұϵѶȣɫײ档
ʶֽȥѶ˺ü
һδҶżȻҶעڸһע
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲ⣺Ѻʮöɾ
ҶһѺעģܿ˷׷Ч£Ѻ϶ʮˣһѡ˸Ҷһ

עɹٿƣֳֳ壬ҶµľͲһ
ϧˣ
ҶϧӣһǷ֮ɫҶһ˸ֱš
һΪĺ飬ԭɵġ
δҿԶ϶ˣҶǰζϹɵģ֪Ǽ㡣
һׯͨԣһҶ׬˻ݺݵ׬һʡ
𣬴ҼעһûҶˣעҶֱһˡ
Ѻһöɾ
Ҷѡ˱ӣȻ˴һºЦʼҶ㣬˲²ⱪ֮⣬¡
Сӣҿһӣ
һʮҵķӣﻹ§һŮ˫ֲͣĴŮزǵŮһЦ
ܵĳҶȻֳĬûзҲûб⣬Ķźɹơ
֣
һ䣬ƿɫӳ֣λεֳ֡
һӣ
ɹǳ˳飬ʼЩˣҶĺãĶļˡ
ⲻܣ
ֵһӣֱվȻȱɾӮĸоǳĺãǶ˼ʮѣһûӮ
ҶѣӮΣӮʱѺĶǴ
ҶѺöһʮʣׯҪҶǧöɾ㹻Ҷʹһʱˡ
ڶĽ֮УҶ㽫ǧöɾսָȴûмעһӡ
þգҶһֱ˵ĹҪӮȥ϶ĳĹעŪɳ׾ӮǧɾԶĳ˵Ǿţһë
Ҷ͵͵ʹۣ֮һ˷֪ҶǸ֪ˣкüɿֲϢҲƷɡ
ڴҶΪԼֻöѣϹµģҲ̫˵ע⣬ãҶ³ĵûκμ
Ҷ뿪ղվҶһ뿪ˡ
λ̨ѣ
ʮ꣬Ҷ㱧һȭʮֿ
̨ˣҶ㣬̨֪ôƺ
ҶĿģǽϢûĿ꣬ҵԼҶ⡣
ֱ
Աţ˺ܿҵһƧ֮أһЩȵģʼ
Ҷ֣ǵһɣ
ֱһҶ㣬ƺ󲿷ֶʶΨҶ̫ˡ
ֺµȷǵһҲǾѽܣԺֶָһЩ
Ҷ˹Ժ󲻿н
Ҷ̫ǫˣڶĳӮǮ汾£Ȼҳÿζľ뿪̨Ҵ۽硣
ֱƺҲǺ棬ҶһˣôӮ֣Ҷڨ
־ͲҪЦˣҳէϣֶָ㡣
໥ܿϤҶֱ֪ǴطϹ£ÿ¶һΣÿһ
ÿһɶſ뿪
֣ܷһط
Ϥ֮Ҷ㿪ʼѯʣֱƺɽǳ˽⣬걼⡣
ϸ۲ľ磬Ʒɣľɽ磬ǷǳΣյġ
Ҫʲôط
ʵɽط˵һʮϤ
ֱظʮš
ɽĴ򣬷ֱӦĴޣҶĽ͵֪ˣû뵽֮
׻䣬ȸӦɽĸλÿޱ޼ʣСУʤ
֪ɳǵλã
ҶҲɳڲ
Ҫȥɳǣ
ɳֱ֣һھ˳
ѵ֪ɳǣ
ֱĿƺ֪ɳǵλãæʵ
ҶֲҲȥμӰٻɣ
ֱЦ⣬¶Ȼı飬ƺ֪ҶȥɳǵĿġ
ٻ᣿
ҶһͷˮѹͲʲôٻᣬֻ뽫С͵ˮԼҲͰˣǵİȫҶ㲻õġ
ѵҶֲ֪
ҶӲѣ⵹ֱû뵽ġ
ʵҪȥɳǣָ֪
ʲôٻҶ㲻ȤֻҪִɳǾͿˡ
⻹򵥣ҲҪȥɳǣҶֿԸһС
ֱȻҲҪȥɳǣȻ֮ɡ
Ǿˣ
Ҷ㱧һȭм˵һ䣬ֱòǴˣҲĳ֮ࡣ
Ҷ̫ˣҿҪ֮ܳҶܵ𣿡
ֱ黹û꣬Ҫȼ졣
ָҵַ֮ȥ㡣
ɽ磬Ҳһ죬򵼣Ҳߺܶ·
˫˵ַ֮ҶǣϢˣûбҪڶĳһӮǧöɾάһʱ䡣
뿪ĳصϣ׼ߡ
ͻȻҶ㶨ס˽Ų΢΢תһԴ¶һߡ
ǲ֪
Ҷ㷢Լ˶ˣǸղҲʮҵӣˣĵĸҶ
ֱӸı䷽Ҷ㳯ȥ治棬˺ȻǳԼϵɾ
ǧöƷɾɽҲһʲƵˣϾǶǵײˣӴƷɾ
Ҷܿ뿪˽뿪ӣ·һӣ֮һϿȣ˹ˡ
Ҷ㻹ǰԽߣŲԽ죬ɳɳ𽥼١
ԼĪʱҶ㿴ˣͣסŲվԭأĿӰӡ
λһֱ£Īм˵Ĺ
Ҷ˫ֱأ¶ζЦݣ˶ǶƷɣԼʵ¡
СӣղŶҳԲѷڸһλᣬǵǰģǿһ
ھͱҶ£ֱղҶֻѣɱ֮ѹ˵ɽľҪȷп


1518 ɽɱ
˽ҶΧм䣬رӣĭӺɣĵǣղڶĳһɶ
ҶӮǧɾϿʼӮöЩɾԻصĳڶһ
СӣŸʲôϽģ
Ҷ޶ԣһȡ
ĴҪҳ֣
ɽ磬ҶҪһЩ͵ڷʱ˺ܶྭ飬̣ߣҶ㵹ɱ䡣
ҪǼ֪ҶҲΪɽɱĵһˡ
СӣһͷɣҲİ϶ǳէ֪ǽ
ԭʶƽʱʱֻҪ䵥İ˶֣
ҶģƺǵһǣҶӮǧɾɱ֮
Ȼˣְɣ
Ҷε̾ϢһһƷɣҲЩɵͻƵ˶ƷɣϾķԽսҲǲܡ
ҶŵԼǧȻɽ磬ѹȥЩ廹ڣͨϵʩչԼĵ⡣
磬ĥĥĸʲôϽɱˣǼȥ漸ѣǼȥ¥úõһ档
ӵȲˣ˵¥˫֮ж¶⣬ҲǼԺ֮ġ
ûϽɱˣӱ˿ˣСɧһֱȥϧûӣһֱûȥ
һ˸ͣˣһöģ˺ɫ׻˵ɫһңȻе
Ǻٺӻһ̶ǹõ棬һɨ䲻⣬Ҷɨ
ƽʱ򾭳͵Ϯ˵ĹǹҶ˺ܿҲһҶ㹥
úãǼ֤һ£ɽĵһս
ɱ¾֮ˣȻռ䷨̣ҶУǲҶٶȣԷ֮壬Ҷ˽ԽԽ͸

Ҷʧԭأܿ˻ӵһǹɨȻ䣬һĽˣһƥɢɫâ
ͣ
һ˶ͷ­ɱһȣʵѹ˾ųɣɱ¾֮ǰǿķ֧֮£Ϭ
ۣ
ɺѪ䵽УղҪȥ¥ֱӱ˲ӡ
ͻĻһֲ˭뵽ҶʵȻ֮ǿѵԷƷɣ
ɷ־أͨɣһƷһƷͣƷߡ
ת֮ϣɣɾңڣɽкܸߵĵλҲǷĽɵԭɲɽͨˡ
ֻɽ㲻ֻдﵽɽߣһһƷƷʼתԪ
תɹԽ磬ռĿꡣ
ͨǾǸ߸ϣڻմȾһ˿ˣﵽʾƬصס
ǴҶ֪֮УиߵĴڣǾۣԹֹֻλۣôҽֵĻĴۡ
Ȫ۸Ҷ㶼˽⣬õ˻Ȫ۵۵˻ʱʣ˼
Щ֪ʶڷһʱ䣬СѾҶռһ飬ԲİֻǻδӴѡ
ĸ֣ܼģڵشƫԶĽܼƷɶѡ
ԥĹɱ¾֮ٴһɨһӡˡ
ûǿѹ֮Ͼɽ磬дӡֻʩչƷ
Ʒƶɽһһ˺ݺݵȥޱȡ
书Ψ첻ƣҶ㽫ٶƣʩչ쾡¡
䣡
һˣֱӱɳȥؿ˲ݣһͷ˳δʹĲҽ
ʣµӣﻹսǹһһȻ
һԶȥҶ̫ˣرҶɱͲͨӵС
ƷɣɽɱҲܻ˻ɱֻһֿܣҶʵ
ⲻ֪ҶǴӷɱ⣬ҲǾɱ¾γӡ
ߣ
Ҷ»ڣһߣص򣬿϶ټĸ֣ʱ鷳Ͼˡ
һԾʧԭأˡ
ȥ
Ҷָһ㣬ֱסվԭزܶˣǲȱĵԸֻЩѶȣǶԸͨĶƷԡ
Ժռ㹻ĲϣԽһƣһĵ
ʵҲڲϵ꺣֮еöϵı仯ܶ·ѾҶ֪
Ҷõƪ£õľ⣬뵽Ҷ㲻ûй
ɱ¾֮˱ҪռϣǴɵԺսܸõķӡ
һ˹ȥŵ£СʧɫһƬɷס
ԼͬѾڷʣԼһˣǶ֣ڻסˣŵû¡
ҲǹģŹҡ
ӾͲˣϵģϣܻһ
꣡
ûκεԥҶ˼̫ˣһȥ϶ŻֱָӲ壬Ļ
ܺãɽ編˵ֱǴ֮
ǵԺҶ޵ľѪԼʵľѪһԲ
ʣȫɣڶħ֮Уȫֳ򶷵ĺۼҲҶ㴦һת뿪
ϧǵķ̫ˣֻһ㣬ҪռƷɣò˶ãͻˡ
ҶЩδǰڻۻĺô۵Խ࣬ҲԽ졣
ڷ磬ڷƣҶ㾳ٳٲͻƣɽ粻һҶ㲻ԾͻƣֻҪ㹻ԴҶɾ֮ǰûκεƿ
֮ǰҶص˽⼸ŮģҲԴˣջԼʱ䡣
ҶİţҶûѵͬеˣһ·иӦ
ʱ䣬˶оͻƵ
ΪɽĹϵ˼֮󣬴ʱͻơ
Ҷʮֻϲóɾɾϵתǧöɾֻܿӻȥǧö
ʣһǧöӦܹҶ㻨ɳǡ
ȫͻƵ˾ҶǴˣԭСỹģǼˮ϶⵽ų⡣
ͬΪˣλͬʷǳҶ񾧸ܴﵽˮͽı׼
ͻ񾧸Ч϶ڷʱ죬ͺñȸǷһػˣӲŸӼ̡
ӸǺˣ취ӹ̣ͷǳѣܶط϶ػʱҪ򵥵öࡣ
ʱһζһֱҵҶסĿջ׼ǰɳǡ
Ҷ㻹Űˣֱʼһ㶣ܿȻһ޴ϣԦǰ˸·ʱ䡣


1519 ٻ
һָ·õĳӣǰǼͷ޸·ʮˣڹٵϿٵǰ
ϧԴޣϽƫԶһЩǣԹͷ޴Ҫɾǳ֮ࡣ
ҶڵͲϣֱƷѵġ
ֻеɾܷУҶҪӿٶˡ
һ·ϣֱԼһ˵˳ԭҵӣΪĸһѾߣλֱܵͣڼûеλ
ÿ¶ˣ߼ǣĳĲҲԼһص壬϶⵽ӵĳЦ
ֱҶиܣһЩϵӣųЩˣرǼ壬Ǽҡ
Ҷ֣Ĳ֪ɳǾеİٻ᣿
ֱЩţ⼸գܶ˵ģǰɳǣΪһεİٻҪˣԲǧһЩſǰ
ҶЦһʲôٻȷʵû
Ҿ͸ռһ£
ҶԼ죬ǴĳСطģҾȥ棬ֱţҶûм档
ҲͬĹϵֱСܿ࣬Ҷһ˴ôˣҶ̸֮Уܿһֱ֮ˣ˫ߵһ
ٻǽһͻᣬɻ֮֯ſμͻЩǴҪģҪĿģͻ
ֱ˵ɫһ죬Щ˼
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Ҷʮֺ棬ȻͻᣬΪҪĿֲͻⲻ߼
ʵ֮ŶŮӣÿͻᣬӴһЩſ໥ʵĻ
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֮ΪǶϣͻᣬԽӴǱӣû֮ŵλߡ
ϻ֮ŮһɫڣȻҲſĽһҲ˺ܶ
ֱڼûеλҵŵԵĵ²ô򵥣ٻһᣬҲǵŮ
ǾԤף³ɣ
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ֱգϣҶԼһȥϾԼһˣЩ˼
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ֱͣһöٻʮ󣬺ܴһˣǳŰٻ¾ƶɡ
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ҶһͷˮֱҲ䷳Ľͣ·;·Ҳį
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Ҷ֣ɳһǣǱȽϻһƷһĴǣҲǰƷҡ
ֱϵΪҶɽ֪ܶʶǸҶռˡ
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Ҷ֣˼ίס°ɣ
Ժӣտյֻ䣬һĿ
ô˵Ҷ޵ˣ
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λɣ
ֱĳλŮһʩһʮֿ
ƯϣĬĬעԺӣֱ޶ãƺˣų⡣
ʱ䣬СỹҶ˴˳С֣Ůವһ˵ϡ


1520 ˮ
ŮವһСǰ˶ˡ
ڳ𾪵ĵȻֱһֱݣɫ㲻ϵȣڣ绨֪һ·Ƕݡ
μʥŮ
ŮСֱֱ֮ˣȫ֪ô¡
ˮ
Сȥһѽ˱סѣǰļȫָСת֮ǰʶСᣬʱλûСߡ
ʥŮˣǿʮʱ䣡
˿ʮ꣬Ȼˣɽһ꣬ʮȥˡ
Ҹǽһ£λҶ磬⼸λҵĺýã׼һˮ
Сܿһ飬ҶʱС֮У⣬Ůһ
ˮֹŮӽӴӣüˣѵʥŮӷ˹ϵ
ʥŮ㻹ǵˮأ׼İиĹϵ
û˵ҲˣСϽԶҶ㣬Ҫݽȥ
ҵȻǵãûҶ磬Ҳ˳ķɽ硣
С΢΢ЩϧԸ˵ĻѾǳˡ
ҲǺ⣬ʥŮҪ⣬ڻͷüϴˮĹѾźˣȥ֮󣬿ԽܴУò˶ãʵȫָ
ˮŮӿٵ˵ֻҪʥŮصˮ֮㡣
Ҫ߿ԣҪһˮȻǲȥġ
СָָˣҪǸҶ󣬻Ҷķչ
ˮʶɨˣǴһڣֱ˿ӵĸоƲմ˿һ顣
ʻ㲻ȥԴŵ𡣡
ˮ˵ͷͬΪŮˣȷʵܺãˮԺʡ
ǲ뿪Ҷ磡
˲Ҷֿһֿ֪ʲôʱܼ档
ȸСȥˮԺһȥǵġ
Ҷ㰲ο˵ԺȰʱ򣬿϶ȥǡ
ߣƾҲ̤ˮ̣㻹δͱɱˮ˵Ľء
ˮЦһЩƲҶ㣬Сѣһȷˡ
ȥĵطû˿ֹ
Ҷеŭ˴һһµ̬ȣǿСϣҶŲ˵ôࡣ
Ҷ磬ȲҪ嶯
СҶ嶯ϽסҶ㣬ȻڷҶ㼸޵Уڲͬɽ磬ʵǵ׵ĴڣһɱҶ㡣
СסҶ㣬ˮ֮ɱⱩ©Ҫֹ
ˮȵһ£ЩҪ
СὫҶ㻹˽еһԣЩ鵥˵棬Щ㡣
ˮĸ˵һԺ޷Ҷˡ
÷Сʵɲ롣
ⲻǾԵģһжҪҶ磬ҶﵽȻӭȢǡǰõİ취ǼˮҶź޹˼ɣҶʣͻֻʱ⡣
С֮˵ļ䣬ѾǵһжΪ˴ֿǡ
˵ͷȻⲻһð취Ŀǰ˵õȥ
໥οҶĬǶôңԶɽǧǧͻм
ãǴӦˮΪҶ磬һ죬߲ǵģ
Ϊ㣬ʱҪҪ裬ɽ磬һٲ
ǲҶ㣬Ҫ֧Ҷ㣬õİ취ǲҪۡ
ûҶ磬һģ
÷ܰ׷ױʾЩҶûʧҲһ
ΪԼ룬Ҷһж¶ᶨ
Ƿİɣһʳԣ
Ҷ㱣֤Ƕʮǰǽ죬ֻҪ֤һɡ
ҶһһС뿪ˣ֮Уܿʧ
ֱʱŷӦղƺסˣ˵ʲôһû
Ҷ֣ȥˣ
ֱ¶ɻ֮ɫΪεȵԼָʱԺֻʣҶһˡ
Щ˵ǲҪ˵ˣ㲻ҪμӰٻһȥ
ҶӦֱΪ˸ĴﵽҶ㲻ϧκδۣٻʵõİ취
úúãڴӦˣٻỹмܿϢ졣
ҶӦֱ˷ܵһ飬໥иӦ
֣֪ɳ򵽿̻Ĳϣгĵط
Ҷͻƾ磬ûɾά֣ˡ
Ҫ̻
ֱһ֮ɫһҪһҪԶںܶʧˣ󲿷ֶѡޣ޼٣ҲΪįԭ
ǧ֮ǰôţ֮ѾΪˣΪûкõķš
һҪӴԴӦܶ˳ܲ˫ޣ˷ʱ䣬˷Դ󲿷˶ѡһ·
ҶҪϣֱ¶֮ɫ
Ƕһмߵ츳лΪţһ̫̫ѣҪ޻£˸жһ
ѾһϵͳǰԼԣû˿԰߷һҪ
ǵģ͵һְã
Ҷûϸ˵Լڻδ̻ɷƣҶҲ̻ڽɽ磬ˡ
ȻˣҾȥɳһǱȽϤģ
ֱҲû£Ҷȥһˡ
Ǿˡ
Ժӣɳȥһ·֮ϣߴĵʮֺ϶̻·
󲿷̶ֵǳһЩҪĶϣϵȵȣгڵ󲿷ֶƷµڵ
ҲһЩ¥¥ȵȣһʳҪʮöɾʮְ
ڷ磬ΪһöɾԴɽ磬ʮöɾֻܳһٷɷ֮Ĳࡣ
ǰҲ۵ҩȵȣֻҵĶۣͯһܴҪϣѡҾû
ֱҶ·Ѿһ顣
ȵҶһѣĹģҶƽ״С
ƷĿҰڷ룬ﹺһ¡
ꪣһӦȫɵڷţܶ൤ҩҶûϧаŮڷ磬ǵǿ԰Ҷ㡣
ҵҩļ۸ǹˣһöͨϴ赤ֵǧöɾҶ㰵ࡣ
ѹʦԶҵ
Ҷ㰵ֹԼԺ׽ˣҪĻ˭Ҳܲ
Ҷ֣˵ʲôأ
ҶԼֱֹʵ
ûʲôֻǱﾰһ¶ѣ
Ҷܿ⣬ߵ̻ϵĵط˺٣ϡϡûмѡ


1521 
ֻйƬٵģҴֻ
Ҷûż˹ȥҲ󲿷ֶһƷƷ
ҶҲǲ֪ɽԷкϸĻ֣һһƷӦҲɽ羳硣
ɼһƷƷҶڿĴ󲿷ֶһƷƷ
ɼɷһһƷӦɾ硣
ɽҲûм̻ܿһһƷ
ƷټһƷûԸ˷ʱ̻ڶǾﵽƷɣҲһ̻ܿ
֣ķԴ̻ʮܳɹһţ籾ʩչ似ǿȵȡ
ޣˡ
һܼ򵥵ıȷƷȫһ൱֮һöƷըҪﲻ֮κ˶Ṻ
ȻǹҪһֶΣؼʱ̣൱Աһ֮кܴ
̻ĵȼܸߣƷƷһͬҲ˹򣬳Ʒ൱ƷԱŻ
ɽԽԽ٣󲿷ҲԼʹãóۡ
һȦ֮ҶŻص˹ϵĵطҶ̻ԭ򣬵һϣԻȡԴڶЩؼʱ̿Ա
ʵ£Ŀǰʵ̻ܿƷǼޣҪһƷҪǿ
ҪƷɣҶֱըǡ
һϱҶг嵥Ҷ㻨˾ųɵɾֻʣʮöˣֱˡ
Ҷ֣㻹Ǵֱʣ
Ҷһֱ࣬ЩϷƺüˣҲʽڶҶɨһա
ߣǻȥɣ
ˣûбҪȿ̻ԺϣһüǮ
صסҶֱӽԼڷֱý̻ܱ˴
һһҹҶ㶼æµһο̻кܶѶȣҺ˺ܴı仯Щ·ԸҶο
ˣ
Ҷеĺıʣ³һƺǴ󲡳һԪһɶ궼ĵĲˡ
һܹӿҶ֮Уָܿ
ϰף㿴൱ڼƷ
Ҷϰײοһ£ҶûмƷҶ϶ǿ϶Ʒ
ҲƷļ𡣡
Ľ׿϶˵һǺܶϾ˼Ϲˣʶ㣬ʶеġ
ãʮöƷҴóʮöȥʮöŹؼʱ̱
Ҷ׼ȥһܲһüǮ
ֱԺ棬ȥĲȥˣҶֻԼǰ
ᳵ·̤ܿĴţͬĵطֻ湺˻ˡ
ϰ壬ЩҪۣ֪ɲԣ
ϾҶԴʽ˼ҲӦܲϴȥɡ
ˣҪ
ӴҶһߣƺЩ㶣ûŸоʮ֡
ҶҲ֮٣ԼΪ˻ȡɾ
ǵǰ֪ɲԣȥֻ߳ɣʣɹá
ҶǺܹģе涼ԼãûԸ
˼ˣҲˣѻܶˣЩȥϵģڻû꣬ԲҪ»
εı飬֮⣬κζȥֻһһѻĶࡣ
ǰȲþܾңȿ˵
ҶҲżȻкܶƷҶ㲻ҹάȻǶƷҲͱһƷԸһ㡣
Ҷţ¶֮ɫѵóƷʺܺõɣ
Ҷóһö˹̨ϣһֵķĳˣǻһ㣬Ȼһ
Ʒ
߽ӴаʱˣʲôûмɷйԣȻһ۾ܿҶó˲ͬ
ǰȤ
ߵı仯Ҷ¶һߣϷ
Ǻ÷Ƿ˲ʶҵиõĽ顣
ۺ룬Ҷ㣬Ҷ㲻ҪҪǷ϶õļ۸
ǰָһ
ҶǸо߲򵥣һۿԼƷʣһм衣
̸֮䣬ɷǵζλһ㡣
һ״ᣬصķŶ໥Ҳҽȥμӣһʶ֮ˡ
Ҳ˰֮ģҶȥμӷᣬֻõķļֵ
᣿
Ҷһͷˮһ˵Ľᡣ
ûɽ磬ֹᣬҲȵȣȡ̣ϣӶȡ顣
߲䷳ĶҶͣҲΪ̨ʽĹϵûˣ͸Ҷ˵˼䡣
ǰϸ˵էܶطǰҪЦ
Ҷ¶Ц֮ɫѹɽƶƣǲԷ⣬໥ܴٽչǷȱʧġ
ǰ治Զ׷¥ڿȥһ̯λ콫ȥʱһЩʦҪȷʵȼܺãʦصעȻܶ˵ע⣬û·𣿡
ϸĽһ飬ԭ̻ܶߣϣλᣬȥ
ᣬõĽݾ
лǰָ㣡
Ҷ뿪ֱ׷¥Ȼﲼòһ㣬ܿӰӣϣ̻ž޴
ʱѾɽ˺˴УΪķ׼
Ҷ㼷Ⱥ֮Уܿ쿴̯λҶ˳ӣһʱֵԼ
Ҫʲôؽţ
޵ʮҵӣһɵģ׷¥ǸطὨһһɽҲһЩλ
ȻǵؽԽԽá
Ҷ㲻˼˵ȻҪȥ϶ѡõؽǡ
õؽǰһǧöɾɾɣ
ָָԶһ򣬵ؽȷʵͦãֻƽСȻһǧɾ
Ҷ㹺̻Ĳϣϵɾȥһǧöɾ
Ǹûڱһĵط
ҶЩ˼ֻʣʮö˵һǧöˣʮöò
ûɾʲô֣
ЩͷΪҶҵġ
ʱҲʼߴ٣һ¶ôЦȻûɾҲμӷᡣ
ȻįˣûˣһЩʲǺܺõߣѡ˷޵·
ɽ磬кܶѡޣֻ˵ϲռơ
ֻʮöɾұҪμᣬͨһ£ܸܲһط
Ҷֻܷŵֻ̬ʮöɾʱ¥˺Ц


1522 ֵ֮
Ҷֻʮöɾ¥֮У󼥷֮ӸֳЦ
Сӣˣʮöɾ򷢽лء
Զ¶Ū֮ɫҶϽٶˡ
ûɾҲ֣
һһ֮УԶ֮ɫ޲ܽҶڽŵ£ݺݵһ
ܵĳЦҶ޶ãȻŸ޹̨ӡ
пط㲻ˣ
ܴЦø޵üЩͷҪϽҶˡ
ָָһֻһ߳߿ĵطֻһվ¶ܡ
طһ깣˽Ҳ˭ܵһ깵طȥ
ǰ涼Ǻõλڵס⴦طֻһͨλ˴·϶ῴ
л
ܱûкãҶǻһǧöɾҪôһطûУǿˡ
ȺһȺԭشЦûᣬҶصסķᡣ
ҶʯΪ䳰ЦӰ쵽Լʰ飬ֱͷɥĻˡ
ôˣ֣Ϊɥ
ֱԸȽֱΪγȥһˣʮѿ
ˣǳȥȾƣ
ֱƺԸ˵ҶҪȥȾƣʲôĵ顣
ҶҲ˵ɽ磬ֱԼĵһѣҶ㻹ǱȽϧҪֱıĲֻǳá
̳ƣֱŷ±ӣѾЩ⡣
֣㵱ֵܣͲ˵ҲһЩ
ɽ磬ֱҶڹƻ·ϣҲ⵽Ϯ⵽ɽ˴٣ʲôпܷ
ֱ·ܿ˺ܶΣ򣬲ŰȫִɳǣҲҶΪΰֱֵܵԭ
˵ûֱҲҶѾһʬ壬ٷˣͱɱ
Ҷ֣Ҳֻ㻹ҵ˿Ϊ֮꣬һ
ֱԸᣬƱ֮£Ҷֻһȡ
Щӵ˽⣬ֱֺö֮ˣƺĳԼԼòôʹࡣ
֣ǲ˲ɾ
Ҷ̽ʵֱĶļȥҲǰװ׵͸ĳ
ɾֱ֮У¶һ˿⣬ҶӦܲ²⵽һЩֱڶĳʲô顣
Ҷ֣ܺãܲȥһ˶ĳҪһӣ
ֱȻҶ뿪¥ֱĳҪһسӡ
֣侲һ£ʮľ䣬һֱȥݽȥġ
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ֻһֻҪⳡӮˣԺҲĲǽʲ£Ҫһ
ֱҶ㣬䣬
˵ô£ȻҲȥġ
Ҷ㻹Ҫ˽ˣΪʲô飬ֱ˷ŭڽҲˣȴûôǷϡ
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ǮСؼԼ˳Цףκﶼ
ȻˣԺͱĳˣΪ֮ɣҷȥ
Ҷ㲻˻ˮ£ûбҪΪһľ֣󶯸ɸ꣬ʵֵ
ֱҲֻ˵˵йһеŭ˵֮Ҳöˣ߳¥
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Ҷֱ̤¥ӭһŮǰµ꣬ʮֱ꣬¡
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ͣбڶһһӮ
ˣֱԭƽϢ˲䱻ȼҶĲȻҪͶһ
㻹ǲİͬĸķϣ㻹ܻ죬Ȱ㻹ǹԹԵĻȥԶӰɣﶪˣǸһ
͵ĻʮҶ㶼üͷһ壬ȻͬĸĳޣҲֵС
ҵĸף
ԼĸףֱȥҪͳ֡
֣侲һ£
Ҷ㽫ֱݺݵס˶ƷɣֱײǼײʯͷ϶Ƕ֡
ʲȥһҪٶһ
ֱģղׯһףԼŻǵļơ
ҵĺֵܣ˵ҲᣬھҴӦģ㻹г𣿡
¶ζЦݣղһģӮֱеԴʲôע
ֻҪҶģҾг룡
ֱʹӦҲһ룬ֻҪӦģ벻⡣
ãڶĳ㣬ֻҪг룬ҷ㵽ף
͵Ҫֱϻʲôûг룬ڶĳֿԺݺݵһϲ顣
뿪ҶҪֹҲˡ
Ҷ֣֪Ǻ⣬֮飬ͲҪμˣȻȥɣ
ֱҲˣϣҶˮϾҶֻһˣֵ֮
ˣһһ˰ɣ
ҶҡҡͷֱӣҶôԼһȥĳ϶ٴα͵衣
ҶԼһͬУֱ¶Цݣֵûа׽
һ·ϣҶֻܿЦ˻ˮǱ˽һˣ϶뿪ɳǣȥſ
ǰɳǣҶ벩һѰٻһõԽٻĹЧͻƾ硣
յʱ䣬һ޴ĶĳˣֶľȫҪȽʮ
͵һϵȺʱҲǲɫӣɽϲּ򵥴̼ĶĲʽ
ֱʲôóɣ
ֱʹζЦݣֱҶ㣬ͱˡ
Ѻ㿴ֵܼ٣
ֱӻóһö壬֮У¶һ˿ᣬĸһڱ˳
ϵ壬һⶫ֪Ǹ͸ֱĸ׵ģƷɾɣϣٲ˵Լ
ҳһǧöƷɾ۸㿴ô
ͳһǧƷɾϵ飬һöƷɾһǧƷɾһƷɾǧƷɾڳû١
ǳû٣ƷɾҲüֵһƷɾ
ֱɫǵͨ죬ıе塣
ôҪǲǾˣҲӮ˲١
һνӣλֱӮˣֻһǧöɾҪӮˣǿһƷɾ
Ʒɾ˶Χ˹Ҫ׷ʲô顣
ֵֻ֣Ǳſֵı飬Ҫζġ
ãҸˣ
ֱһ֪ΪʲôҶڣʮַģһֱ


1523 
ֱѹеŭˡ
ãʹ죬һֶʤȻװ׵ĸͶ֮ã
Ϳֱˣׯҵ˵ͷʾԿʼˣöͿʼǣֱһֱЯüζûе֡
ͬĹأׯʮӣƷҡΣٶҪȽǵĺɹٿϺü
һۻҵĶУƺݺݵϣڿԲµˡ
˭
ͳֱʵΪһֻ˲μӣׯҲ룬ӮһеĶ

ֱҶû˵Ȳ¡
ãҾȲ£Ҳöɫ
˵һ𰸣һгӣƺ֪ˡ
ˣ
棬ߴֱһ㣬õöƷɾͻƷɵļ߲١
壡
ֱԺͻȻһ˵Ҷ㣬иֱöɫӵĵ塣
壡
ֱ˵ֱ꣬ӽ˳ȥѡҶ㡣
֣
ڼ˵ע֮£ɹٽƿöɫӱ©˵֮С
壬壡
ܴһ󾪺û뵽ֱȻ¶ˡ
ⲻܣ
һվΪⲻܣΪα塣
ѵ֪𰸣֪ܣ
ֱ֪ܲ͸ׯҴͨˣһһտڲ
˹ʺˣûеٶһ֣
ֵҪֱȥˣһǧɾʲȥ
㵽ף
ֱϰڷһǧöɾǳ롣
ʼɣ
úɹټҡɫӣ˶ĵĻһǧöɾղӮֱǧöɾӮֱеԴ
ҵɫײ洫˶ס˺һһǧöɾǴֱˡ
ҡʮʱ䣬ƲϣȲ¡
ͲµһСıӣ֪ΪΣͶȥƺ֪𰸡
Ҳһһ
ֱαʹһ㣬һһղŻ꺣ֱ֣һڷ

Щ˵ȲˣúɹٸϽ˭˭
ɹٵ΢΢һҡεΪƿʱ壬һ˿ѹ
Ƶƿֳ
ã
ֱԼȲĲôЩ꣬ûôӮӮԴǴҪģҪͳԱˡ
ף
һһ̲סˣֱվֱĶı䣬ôֶӮˡ
ô˫۾˵ףͣǲ䲻ˡ
ֱʾ֮ĻҩζԽԽŨ
ܿ죬ͽĿ⿴Ҷ㣬һֱҶ㶼ˣѵֱӮ֣ҶкܴĹϵ
СӣȰ㲻Ҫ£
ʹвĿǣȻ֪ҶֱʲôϵϣҶϽ뿪
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Ҷһ޹ӣʼգĬĬվһԣӶûпһ˵
֮У¶һ˿˿ɱ⣬Ȼ³һЩֱӮָҶ϶йϵȴץѱ
ͣҲùǽһѶӮ֪һƷɾǧɾҵ壬ɾҲҶģ
ֱѾȫѣ֪Ҷ׼һѶӮ˶ӣ֪Լף϶ưոݡ
ҲҶ죡
һֱֱ췴ˣֱȻ
ѵ㲻ң
ֱ¶аЦҪͲң֤ˣǲĵӣӵһöɾǳˡ
кβң
ѹֱôЩ꣬ôֱܱЦֱӴӦݺݵĵһۺɹ٣Ͷŭˡ

Ⱥ֮У߳һߣɫ䣬˫ڵסˣ˫֡
ϣ
ߣ˷һ󾪺Ȼ϶ˣǺü겻ĳ֮ˡ
ϣ
ҡɫӵĺɹٹʩһڳһطվׯҵλá
λȻˣΪҡһ
ɨֱˣҶϣǿʶһֱҶ塣
Ҷһʵɲ⣬ҲаƷңһָͷѹԼ
λСѺİǵһĳ𣿡
ϾȻһƷ˵ʵ˽Ŀ׷׾ۼҶϣҪСӵǺ
ԴҲ벻ҶɳǲգҶӴ˲Ǻܶࡣ
ȷǵһĳ
Ҷ㻹ǹʩһ˼ҵĵϣҶҪ˼һЩ
ûȤҲһѣ
ûżƣҶʵ
ûȤ
ҶҡҡͷĲϴڽ֮١
ȻˣǾС˺
ƺʲôȻ˺ȻҲҶ㣬γһƬյش
һεĽƳˣ߲谭֮⣬֮ڵˡ
˺֮⣬ֻʣ͸ֱˣҶ㱻ȥֱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ڻѾ˵ˣڿ϶ܣ壬θĸ׽
˶λǿʼɣ
ϵ˫һ˳ⲻ˵˫֣Ů˻Ҫϸ壬治ţһߣԼ˫̶ֱֳȡ
ƣɫӷһ͸͸ǿͻֱ˷׷ױ˫ۣϸ
ƾԼļˣҲ⣬˭Ҳﲻæ
ڶĳʮ꣬ûׯҰæҲкܴİʤֱϱ黹Ȼ
ֱ켣ĳҲˣֻǶҹάʮʮ䣬ûӮ
˶似ַ֮̾Ҷ㣬Ȼվԭأ˫Ķɫӡ
ٵĶһƵʣϺܲ򵥣ܲ˽ƣԼֻ֮Ҫ͸ȥͻᱻ֡
ǵƾһƾֹҶ㻹ܣȻ֮޷͸֮УҶ˺һϸϸķ϶ǿԵġ
ֻҪһ϶ɫӷҶһ
ʮʱ䣬ϵ˫ڼٶȣתΪһĻߣֱֱ˵мش
žͻֱ׷˫ۣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ƺеˡ
λԲˣ˭ĵӽȻʤߣ
ϸ˹أȫµȷ˭ĵӽȻʤϾǰƷɣȫ˵ĸ֪
Ҳ壡
ֱȻش𣬴ӸղɫӷԶ϶Ӧ塣
û˵ǽֱµǼ㡣
ֱüͷ壬ƺЩȷ
Сӣ㲻ɵ˰ɣϽ£ʹߴ٣ֱϽ˵ǵȲˡ
Ҳһ㶼ûУ
ֱЩţҲȷֻǰջ꺣֮е˵˳
ҿСǷ˰ɣȻһ㶼ûУⲻǷ̺𡣡
ܵĽƲ֪ʲôʱ˳ȥֱĻҶ˶


1524 
˶ֱĻȻ²һ㶼ûС
ʱ䣬ܴЦͶ⣬ǶЦˣ˵ֱ²һ࣬Ȼûе
Сһ¿ԴϿǶϵ̡
ߵǰżĿһЦ
ҶվֱִļϣҪţȻֱ΢΢Ҷ㣬ûеס
ɣ
ֱһúϿԿˡ

ܵ˿ʼ壬Ҫһֵ˭Ӯ˭䡣
ֻҶһ˱Ƚ򶨣˵ղȷƳȥһ̣Զ϶ˣԱ鿴ʲô
ʶɨÿһˣҵﲨ۵ףΨҶ㣬²͸ƺκ飬޷Ҷﲨ
ҲֻҶһˣ򶨵ú϶΢΢ݣƺнݶ
ֱҾ֪ʲôǶһҵǰˡ
ɫȲҪֱҵΨһ嶼ҪԼ
ж˭Ӯ˭ǲЩ硣
ֱҲϵı鿪ʼȻˣܽΣҪܡ
ںƿһ̣ĳͻȻһƬž˶˺öɫӣȻֱ档
ɫӳΣûһƽ棬ȫգֻһվϣɫӾȻû¡
ⲻܣ
ֱһӣֱվɫӿʼζȻԭأûе¡
һҲûУ
Щ˷ˣȻ似öɫûһգʲôֶΣѹûм
ֱҲֱˣеɾȫ˹һʤ
Ȳ˵ӽǺ޲һ˵սʤ͡
ˢˢĽĿۼֱϣӮһöɾôò۲ѡ
ֻкϣһֱҶϣȻֱ֪Ķܲ³öɫһûУֻһֿܣڰ
ˣпܾվҶ㡣
ֱҲҸڶһѣ
ۣҪֱȥ
ϻԴҶ𣿡
ֱЦһȻ֪þգϳˣӮȫҶ㣬˭֪᲻һֱ

˫һ͸ֱȻԾ뿪ӣֶΣֱ似Ҷ㶼ǰһݡ
ƷɣѾӽɵĵزһΪɣӴԺң硣
λӣǿɷһ
ϾȻҶ㣬Ҫһֱǰδз飬ˣûг֣첻֣ҪһСȶ
Ҹͬȶļ԰·磬ϲҪΪˡ
ҶЦһҶв²ûϿʼԼˡ
Ҫǲģղһ֣ҿ䣬Ϊ֪Ƕ١
ϾȻвҶ㣬ֱָָ˹ȥʮֱ֪ڰа
ϻһ䣬öɫһ£øͲµһģһ͵Ķܲһ㡣
ҪΪԼͷ¶ϲɫղͻɣֱһֱӮҶкܴĹϵ
ҲĲˣ
һɨЩֵ˷׷˺üƺԸ
Բģ֪ҵĶĳףʲô³
ȻûץҶףһԿ϶Ҷ԰ֱ
ԭĳҲǿѣΪףΪθղŲֹк֤ݣ׵Ϊ
ҶҲʾȻէҶ£ʲôûм
ѡ˸ϱһǳԼˡ
һ˵ĺƿԣĳžͲ˽Ӯ뿪ˣԺĶĳ˭
û˷Ҷף϶⣬ǿ˼ڶһⲻС
ãҳûзףҶһ
ƺѵ֣ȻҪһ¡
ûг룬Ҫʧˡ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ϵ⣬ϣʶһԼĶűԼһ
ģӮˣ㣬ˣҲκγ롣
ֻҶһڳ룬ѹͲϣֽţѵţȻҲһϸ¡
Ҷ֣ĺ»Ӧ
ֱҶ㣬ϽӦҲԿ˭Ӯ˭䶼ҪҶûκεʧ
ֻҶһˣûˣڵӲϣѾѡ
Ӧϲǻ뿪ĳӦҶֻ΢΢İӮԷ
Ӧϵ㶼Ҿܾ
̲סˣߴҶ㣬ϽӦܿϲζģü궼һΣȻ
˼ܲãҪҶģ֮У¶һ˿ݺݵɱ⡣
һлᣬһնɱҶ㣬ҪҲһöɾȻҴӣԴҲԴԴϵĹӦÿֻܰٺ»ȡ
ֻܹˣ
Ҷ㱧һȭֱղĵطϻ¡
˺ϷܣĳĶ׷׿ӣĳֻӵĵġ
߼ǿͣ
ϺܹƽȻǶģҪƽԹҶ
ǶĵˣһһΣжԷΪӮ
Ҷ˰֣ûиı淨Ĵ㣬һһ֣ҡһΣ²ֵĵԵһȻӮߡ
ã취ܿ˵ĿܿԷĶļֱһá
϶û뵽㻷ڣܿһ˵Ķܿһ˵ַ
κȻ˽ƣȴûзԴ˵̸һƺҲϣ˼֤һ¡
Ҳ˳ǽ˭ܲҡĵ
˭ȿʼ
һ˵ľһ̣ͻȻ仯һҪʵ
ƷɣһɢƣҶ޷ֵƾղ΢΢й¶һ˿ϢҶ͸оһ˿ѹ֡
Ϊȣ
Ҷ㽫мϣȿʼ
ãҾͲˣ
ƺЩҶˣ˶ĳô꣬Ҷص˻ǵһԣҲһ
Ʒںͬһϡ䱦ϵҡΣɫӷö˶С
ӵĶѾòԻУ԰Σ˻ַҶ㶼̾Ϊֹ
似ļһѶȸ󣬲ҪɫӵƵ˿ҪϣɫƶĹ켣Ҫյһ
Ҫһ˵߱ﵽ˺һĵزҪҡ㣬Ҫκ׵Ĺߡ
Ȼϴﵽ־磬ֻҪҪĵҡһԻ֡
ʮʱ䣬һڵĶ£ͻȻ£м䡣
룡
һƣʾҶԲˣԼҡĵǼ㡣


1525 似
ǧĿˢˢľۼϣͨͨ·ǻ
Ҵһ£ֽ࣬ղźҡʮʱ䣬վڲԶͶüͷ壬ȻҲǺһܿʲô
һ㣡
ҶͻȻ˫Ŀһľⱬȥƺܿϵƣöɫӣôܳһ㣬СĵҲ㡣
Ҷȴ˵һ㣬ò˾ﲻѣղһ㶼ûУҲȻˣǵĶѾ˵ķ룬ܰճȥ²⡣
һ㣬֮УԳһ˿Ȼϸ΢ǱҶ㲶׽ˡ
Ӯˣˣ
ûдƣֱ˽Ϊ򿪲ѾҪˣҪԼҡĽҶˡ
֮Уöɫӵһһöɫһ㳯ϣöɫӣһ㶼ûУҶµĲһ㡣
Ĳ¶ˣ
¶˼֮ɫЩţöɫӵӣҲǶǶ񼶱ĴڣվȻҼˡ
˲򵥣ѹֺҪһ
˿ʼϸҶ㣬ӡʮİƺһɳǣĳ棬ûм
ֱҶǺİǰĲÿζһɶ뿪
һһҶƵһ̣ܵ˲ʧټĶĳš
һζöɫ治ϵҡΣϱ˫ۣھ
ΧܵЩˣҲ׷ױ˫ۣǰѵһĺûᣬвһЩʲôԺĶĪİ
ҶٶȲƺڱͬһɣʮ֣ɫ֮УȻγһССУǿų
ЩųӴ˴Ҳ²Ѷȣ޷ɫӵ㣬϶üͷ塣
ҶַƺǸ֣һƣȫûйɿԡ
Ǹ֮һֱΪҶǸ֣Ҫһϸ£˭֪Ҷƾۣ֮ſ֮еĵѹͲʲô֡
⿴ʮйɵַʵӲҶ˸ֵУɫƶĹ켣׸ı䣬Ҫ³ĵôס
ž
ϣҶֻҡʱ䣬ն˵ҡεʱԽ²ѶԽ
˫ĿĶƣȻҲĵֻƾļ
룡
ҶҲƣúϿԲ²ˡ
һһ
һӸղҡη֮УжϣӦСĵһһ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ¶һߣԺϲ³ĵ˿֡
Ҷ⵭ȻЦݣϵһ¶ȷı飬СԻǶʮ꿪ʼʹ޵֡
ǽ죬¶һ˿֮ɫһζԼĶ˻ɡ
ϵĶļȻ߳˭Ӯ˭䶼Ҫˣǣ
Ҷվӣûȥƿƣϲ¶ˣ˫ҲǴһƽ֣ûҶ㡣
ֱܿ뿪ĳ˻δɢȥûƿ˭Ҳ֪ϲµĵǶԻǴ
Լǰƣ֣Ľ֮ƿ
ⲻܣ
˶Χľ֮󣬳׾ˣ֮УտҲɫӾȻʧˡ
˵ǣ϶̾Ϣһϱò԰һƬ
Ŷ棬Ҷνɫ˶֪ʲôֶΣֱ似
ȻӮ˶ϡ
С˵˫ƽ֣Ҳܽܣϼܵľ档
νɫӵģںǰˣСֶΡ
˻ɻ֮Уһϣܷģκ˲ܽɫóҲУֻܿɫƶĹ켣
ǽ죬ֵˣɫӾȻˡ
Ҷ֣һ㵽ҡ˼㣿
ϣֱʮֺ棬Ҫ֪һֵ˭Ӯ˭䡣
Ҫ𣿡
ҶһЦ꺣֮УͻȻöɫӣҶۣ֮֮ɣʣƷɶûз֡
öɫӺܿʧҶɵһɶգڸǧ꣬޷͵
ں˵ĳ룬ҶѹͲȤһ˼ҵĶ֪ҶĿĺܼ򵥣ֻҪȫ뿪ĳԡ
صסҶ㽫ԼҪȥ׷¥˵һ飬óʮöȥȡһЩԴ
֪ҶûԴֱóǧöɾҶ
Ҷ֣ЩɾţȲμ˰ٻ˵
һöɾûҶ㣬ֱһöòȻܶһ̵
ҶҲûڼȱԴЩɾÿԽȼü֮˹ϵѾֱ˴ˣҶҲȥƽ̫ࡣ
Ҫǲãֱﲻ̤ʵҶɾֱһĲŷ
ߣֵ˳ȥһ
ֱãӮôɾݺݵһ⼸ʮĶڵõͷš
˰ɣ϶в˴ǵ䣬ڳȥͶ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʵһȥƷɣ϶ԵĹͷʣ
ص֮УҶϥ£ʼת䣬ȡ磬СӣҶʮַꡣ
ÿıвٲΨʵ
Ҷֱֻ֪еƷɣɽЩλԱ֮
һɣǷַӱɱֻҪСһЩҲܻɫ
Ҷ㲻ͬĿ磬ɽӵģҪ磬ҵţô¡
һҹҶоֱͲ٣ƷֽһҵһЩ֮ܳ忪Ʒɡ
Ҷĵ̣һͻƷɣƷɣҲԱ֮ˡ
ɫһҶֱҲһϴϣ֪ҶҪȥμ׷¥ᣬȻ
һ·ֱ͵͵ĳȥˣ˲ͷӮôԴ϶Ҫӻһ
˺ܿ뿪Ժӣ׷¥ȥʱֵʮˣɽ˺׷¥һֻһΡ
Էǳ֣㼯Բǧܶţǰ
ߣ޵һ;Ϻ޽չֻø޷ɽ磬Ų١
ķޣչ¶ʵ޵ĺüرǷ˫ޣǷëǣһ֣겻š
ɽ˺Ҷ¶֮ɫɽԷһҲԴԶ
ò׼Ⱥ̯ܶλѾںãǧ̯λ飬һͷ
һЩ̯λڵ˽ֽϣʮֲۣĵطҪüɾõһƽ״Сĵط
Ҷ֣ǵ̯λ
ת˰죬Ҷ㻹ȺмȥֱЩȲˣƫĵطߵˣѵҶû̯λ
쵽ˡ
ҶεЦЦɽ죬϶һǧһ̯λϧˣֻʮöɾ
һҵԼ̯λһǵĵطǰ浽̯λסҶߡ
Ųһߵĵطֱ°ͣôĵطֻվһˣԭֱߺߺȣӲˡ
ǸվŰɣ
Ҷ㲻˼˵


1526 ÷
Ҷ֣ȷط
ֱЩţطˣ˭ɵܵ￴ֵĵطȥơ
򼸸ķڶвμӣǿ̻ܻӭҶˣûǰʮˡ
û취طǺò׸㵽ģ
ҶεһЦطȻС˵㣬ܱûǿϽóһ첼ҶӶûУΪŲ£ֻܰڷڵϡ
ʮöһְڿһ߳÷ˣҶ㣬ֻվں棬˫ֱѡ
ԶѾ˿ʼˣҶߣӰûУΪ˾Ҳᷢﻹ̯λ
Ҷգûʶ֪ЧΣȻ˹ˣ󲿷ֶѡЩŵס
һбϣڶ˼ҵĿ̻ȷʵҪһЩɢ޿̻ĺúܶ࣬Ҳº̯ܶλſȸ󲿷˶Χʮܻӭǰ
ʱһһĹȥҶ߻ʽѹû߽ǽĻࡣ
ΪѾкüˣΪĵط˰̯֮󣬷׷¶֮ɫ
ЩҶ޶ãȻ˫ְڷǰǴһ˿Ц⣬ԼȻ̻ƷţЩŵƷԼȣڶԷ
ǿ쿴ˣÿָ֣һº󱲡
ֻȺ֮Уһ׷ߣߣҲָҶ׷¥

Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽֮ߡ
ߣмߣ˼׷ܶˣóϵ˼ᶨ
Щ˶Ƿ֣һֱûɳǣÿ׷¥ǹƷ
ƷƷ
Ͻղżһӣ͵
κηƷƷƷȣƷΪţƷΪӣƷȻϡ٣Ѽгϴ󲿷ֶƷӶࡣ
ϵɨ䣬Ⱥ֮ʲô߲ǰִֻܲٷܡ
죬ʲôأΪĲɣ
һļ򣬲֪ʲô
Ȼһһεķʵ궼࣬ЩˣҲûʲô»ΪɳһʸϵļˣȻ궼ǰ
˻ЩˣЩɽˣûгֹķš
ûʲô
ջĿ⣬ղ̯λ۵ףûзҪҵǸˡ
һ࣬һȺˣܿ췽׼ΣϵҪ췽Ҫȡһķá
ȡã粻ǰΪڽ֮УϵһЩ⣬ĺ£ɲÿ춼С
Ϻõ߹·ĲҪһˣҲûлˣһƣƷĺ
һսǴͻȻߺֱѾȥʱˣҶ̯λʽֻóɤߺȡ
˵ֱһߺȣã壬ܶûһߺȣ϶ǰ
ֻǵطС˵㣬һܽȥ˶ǼޣѹͿʲô
С̯λҲʲôö˿ʼɢȥ
һǧöɾһöҿǷˣ
ղŽȥˣѯһλҶȻһǧöɾһöЩҪ뿪ˣ׷פ㣬Ҫʲô顣
ƷƷλҲᳬöɾҶöȻһǧöƷɾٵΪ
ͼۣҪλҪ뿪
Ҷϱɣڲʶˣһöɾ㣬ӹ󣬶ˣ㻨һöɾҲúֵǶ벻Ĳ
ЩܳΪţЩֻǷϲģΪĿ谭չĽŲ
ⲻûǮ̯λǸСҿǵʧķ裬Դˡ
ϳҶ㣬Ҳվָһ̯λⲻСӣȻ۵ֱǿЦ֮
ܵЦֱȥˡ
ǲﳳʲôϽ뿪ˡ
ֱǸϽ뿪ȫ˸
ԽΧ۵Խ࣬ʲô飬֪ҵע⡣
ôСĵطֻվԶۿѹͼȥ
СӣʮöɾʮöҪˣ
һӼ˽ȥҪʮöɾҶʮöֱһ衣
һǧöɾһöһŲ٣
ҶȻ崺磬κεĳԼЦǱֺõ飬Ϊ֪˿̲Ƿŭʱ
㻹ڤ粻飬Űɣһ̯Ǯ׬
ΪչչҶ㣬˭֪Ҷ˿顣
һεҡҡͷһǧöɾööͬ˭Ҷġ
ԭµˣҲ׷뿪ȻҶ㲻ֻε뿪ȥ̯λˣϣ򵽸õ
ڳֻһע⵽ߣϣֱһߺȣҪעⲻ֮ء
ͻȻվҶ߹߲֪ʲô飬׷վϡ
Щԭϵ˼ˣֻø󣬲֪Ҫʲô
ÿ϶ҵ̯λһЩŵӦ߹
⼸ԽԽ٣ҪƷԽԽͣǰˣޡ
Ⱥ깵أ˳Ⱥ濴˹ȥ¶һ˿ߡ
ϹԶֿڳһͨһ߽ȥ
Сѣô
ΪҶûҪǲôõҪˡ
Ҳ˰֮ģҶ׷¥Լ۸ʣܴͷϵ˼
ǰ
Ҷ㻹֪ϵݣȻǰƺЩηĿ⣬Ȼϵݲһ㣬Ҳֻǻ켣ƽʱʱ
ȥ𣿡
ɨһҶ̯λЩȻڷʮö¶һ⡣
ʶ̫ٶѣ
ҶЦһʶ֮⣬ȻҶ㿴⺺㲻÷֮ˡ
СӣԴˣָʶ֮ˣҿһöɾȫ
ҶһԴӣȻ˵Щ˲ʶ̲סˣʼżЦ
죬ô£ΪһδɵëСӣ
һļЩףʱҲ˽ʵ
𰸾棡
ָָҶڷڵϵķǵЦԽԽŨҪ֪Լȥ
һʮֺ棬ӣһöʼϸĹۿ
ҶҲûԼ̻¶е˿²еˡ
÷
߻δϸͱ·ΪҶ̻ȫͬԺܶ˶ΪҶ
һ÷ʱ˴󲿷˵ע⣬׷׿Ҫһþϧ̫ˣҶĵط̫Сѹ


1527 
һ÷ò˴۾ѵԼˣ϶ô˵ôעѵСһš
ã
룬ˣûмַ˵ɣΪһ壬κε覴á
·ûһ˿ˮѵÿɹǿ̻˲Ʒɣȴ̻ܿƷƷһ㣬Ʒ൱Ʒȫһ
ϸϸϵ̾ķ˵԰Ρ
Ʒɵľ磬ȻһöƷ޲ڣò˳ˣȫ֪ʲô顣
ʲôƷ
¶ЦݣͲµϻô˵ϲ֮ɫˣһ㽫Աߵ̯λˡ
ҿ
һߣֱӳ˹ϵ強ɳȥǹעĲȼ·
ǵľ磬̻Ʒ֣̻ܿƷ̻ܿƷѾǼޡ
Ʒ
ռֱӷһδۿʹ·ϻƷжϣǼƷǺƷӵƷѵÿ̻˲ŶƷɡ
Ʒɿ̻ƷǺ˵츳ܸߡ
Ʒɿ̻Ʒʾɫһмߵ衣
ǶƷɣƷӼƷߺһⲻţҲʾɫȫ˵ǧѵһ
üһ¶֮ɫϵϸۿղŰڵϵʽ򣬶ʱʮѹһա
Сѣö̻𣿡
ϴȺּ֮˻ûʱϵĻҳҲһö
ǣ
ҶʮֹЩϹŶƷϾܿǶƷԭҶһݣԼͲñ©ˣˡ
ţССĶƷɣȻ̻ܿƷ
ϲϵͣƺ˽ȥ޷԰Ρ
Щ·ûȥ򣬾Լķ裬˿һطǰһһյָ·ƣ˲
ЩȫҪˣСѣҪɾܿڣ
ϺԥĽսֻҪҶ㿪ڣټλԡ
ϹţʲôʱѧԶʳˣöҲҪˣ
˭Ҳ˭ȫ£ϧһֻһţȫһ˶̡
ҶһˣܲһЩ
ֻϣɿȼǵ磬Ϊһö˵棬ɺͳǿÿĺǶʧ̬ˣοˡ
ðɣֻҪһöСѾܿڣ
飬ֵ϶ύȥɾʱ
ʱǶһЩȥ͸ԼĺˣȲĹʵ
ǰһöһǧöɾ
ҶҲóȻ̧ۣһǧöɾȻˣ˲Ʒ
󣬲ϻûУȫˣ
ֱóһǧöɾҶɨҶ壬ϣһö
ǵľ磬ȻָƷҪ·
öҪˣ
˷׷óɾһһǧʮö˲䱻ѹһա
𾪵ĵȻֱԭΪҶӵߺȣû뵽ʶһµѣȻز¶̻Ʒ
ʮöһöʣҶ̯ӳױ̤ƽԭۿˣӶˣǼƷ궼ǿ
Сôƺ
ҲһöȥںúоûüҶ㡣
Ҷ㣡
Ҷ㹧ʩ񣬴̯λ֮˳ЩΧˮй̯ͨλ˹ˣ˼Ʒ˭ȥƷ
ĹƣϣСлȥ͡
óһöƣҶڳ˸һļλ֮⣬֪ϰʵϡ
Ʒɣɳ㲻ǿ󣬾һĵλΪڣڵĲҵϸ
νɮ濴棬Ͼ粻ߣɾ磬ȴû˸ҵΪڡ
ɳڿоƷһкܶ࣬һܱ֮⡣
öƣ൱ڱĸڳˣҶԺˣ˭Ҳ׼⡣
Ҷ츳Ժǰ;һ̳ܲϵ˼ҪҶڡ
ǸţкܴĹͣõŵʹ͡
ҶܹĽӹƣǰһ¶ı飬޲˺Ҷ㣬ϵɾԼƷ
ҶȻҶûˣֻҪ׽ͿƵĿ̻ƷΪϵһöƣôҴĻ˲䱻
лϣ
Ҷ㹧ʩһ֪֮Ҷ㵱ȻǣɽҪѧơ
ҾͲˣȻˣһ뿪ɣ
˰ﵽףϷԼ̬ȣ԰˰ﵽףҶһ뿪ˡ
ỹδζˣһߣһ뿪ˣɺñȳԹϸԴûκεζˡ
˼ƷڿƷȼʧȥ¡
ɫδͲݲ˽ᣬҷ׷ɢȥ󲿷˿ʼ̽ҶϢȥˡ
ϣûĵҩ
Ҷ㻹û뿪Żһöɾ㹺һЩҩȡƷɣμӰٻᣬҲһİա
ҪҶҪ֮۵ɽ磬ûۣ֮Ҷܰݵ
ĵҩ
һ㶣ĵҩȻУҲʮϡ٣ֶǣ˭ĵҩˡ
û̫ͣϣץʱ硣
ҶЦһһҶջĶ࣬ϺγǣҶϣ˺ܶʵĶöƸֵ̫ˡ
ֱҩɳǹûУЩţҲУҲм̵ƣǸͻƵĵҩС
˼һ£Ͼţʶ㣬ڣҲ˵Ƴֱһĵҩ
ȻУҲǼ󣬶˻
Ŷܷҿ
ʱǰٻӣҶȲˡ
ϴҶ߽ȻϣĿȻﲻ֪ߵôӴ
С֣ó
ϷԸһ䣬ܿ˴ӹ̨֮óһƿƿӵԼƷʣװĵҩͷǱѰ
ƷڵƶɣԸͻƾ磬ɻᣬҪ㣬ǳɲŪûű塣
ϻһ䣬ǱѰǿ֮˲ſ
лϵĸ룬öɾ
ҶѿƷɣȻԳöֻû˵ѡ
ö۸ǧɾ
û˵͵ҩСַˣǧɾһʲƵ֣һһͻƾ磬ֻһĵҩ


1528 Ʒ
һöƷȻ۸˰ҶȻ׼Ǳһѡ
ãöҩҪˣ
ҶûκԥóǧɾֻҪͻƾ磬Ѷɾֵá
ҶСѣɣҸһֻۣҪÿ¿̻ʮۣڿ̻ϣṩ֮Σ
ϲľˣҪҶսڣҶ̻츳ٽһ
һ˫ӮҶֻҪ̻һЩɣҪϣȥֵܷһԴҶûɾܾ
һϲ֪Ҷ㲻ɳǳڶȰٻһҶȥڿ
ǹ˵ɽڣҶţȶ˵ߣվǰ취
лϵ̧ܾͻ뿪ɳǣȻջһҪܾ
Ҷóǧɾûдۣתľܾˡ
ҶСѣҪȥѵ㲻ĿһҵҿԽڡ
˵Լ뷨Ҷһϵ츳ھһĵλ
ʵеҪĳţҲܰʱҵĿꡣ
Ҷʵʵ˵ڹȻһţϾҶѡҪ֮˵
ȻˣҲǿ㣡
ǿŤĹϲҲ֪ȻҶԼĴ㣬ڣʱ򷴶Ūɳ׾
лϣǣ
Ҷʮָлϵƽ⣬һˣɣпܾǻʬ𼣣ȷʵѵãҶҲ˹ˡ
صסҶȲóһŨɢ
һͷ޴ӰˣƯҶͷ֮ϣʱľѪڣ֤ԡ
ռ㣬ƷҩļƷˣʺҶڵҪ
Ӵſ޿ڣҪҶɣ֮ǰһԹκ˽

ҶһȣһץӰֱץһöҩɫĹâӵҩ͸ģСص˵ҩ֮С

ûκεԥҶ㽫һ̷Ϊһɿ񱩵ֱӳ忪ҶĽ
ԭڽһҶ㱾Ϳ˶Ʒ۷壬ֻǷȱһһλᡣ
ɵļʣ㹻ҶͻƾˣǰҶ̫ܵˣɾ֮ǰû̫ƿֻҪԴ㹻ܲϵͻơ
ΪϵļҶԴĿԽԽɲɾô򵥣ɽ籦пҶĿꡣ
ϧԻͼܴȻĸıʱ䷨ˣ
ɲϵ˺Ҷ壬飬ԽԽʵ￪ʼХ֮
⣬ҶڲͷųһЩȫ飬ֲĽͷţҶƺҵ˷ĸо
ӵĸоһصϣȻֻǸ𲽣ҶţԼǧɽ紳һء
ˮһ㣬ӿ뵽ҶϢֱͻȻѣоܿռޱ궯ϵĳһӿȥ
򿪴ֱŵϴЩţŨҺһҶķȫ
Сڸʲô
ϴҶԼڷü죬̻һѼƷôĶѵҪͻƾ
ֱüǰ͵ƷɣҪͻ¸磬ҪϵĿ̿
ʶҶ㲻һңҶ̫ľϲͻƾ磬Ѿ޷ݴ˿ֱˣǸһһ
ħȻֱӳ֣γһ޴УʼɣΧԺΧ˲䱻һա
ЩȻάҶͻƣʼɽֵΧ֮ϵܵǣӿߡ
Һֵҹǰ죬ô󶯾϶˵ע⣬ͻƶȫͻƷɡ
ˡ
Ҷ֮Уս죬󶶶ÿһͬӲʯβƣ齨һ
һ˿˿֣Ҷ㱾֮壬ɽ֮󣬿ʼ¶Ƹǿ
ͻưɣ
ԽԽҶ㲻̫ĺ䶯Ҫͻˡ
Ҷһȣ֮ͻȻһ磬Χǧ׵յһɶһƬյش
бѣ֪ʲô飬оΧˣ˫ۣĴ鿴
Ǻܿ죬ָܵܿһָֻԭ״
¶һ˿ɫʱҶ㷿ڱƿҶҪ⣬һֵӡ
֣ΪҪôң
ֱڣһֱվҶ⡣
Ҷ֣ͻƵƷˣ
ֱʶһɨҶϵϢһˣԵҪǿ࣬Щ˼顣
һͻһ磬ʵʮޣ˺ڣŻԽԽ
Ҷ㲻ͻһƷɵľ磬ʵȻ˷츲صı仯ƺҶԭͺǿֻѰˡ
ͻƣ
ҶЦһɽһʱˣͻ磬һˮɣٶȣҶûʲôɽġ
ͻƣ
֪ҿƷɶ𣿡
ֱֱţҶһξͻˣԼǿˣǺ޽չ
ȿȣֽû𣿡
Ҷ⣬ھͻƣϻвһЩϣͿԿ̻ƷˣȻҶƷɣȫԽ֮նɱ
ƷҶûн֣ǿԶ϶ԼʵԽ֮ѹ
˭˵û£ǰٻˣ᳡ѾʼǽҪȥȻûʸμˡ
ֱҲ˵ʲô˵Ҫ顣
Ȼˣǻ
Ҷ԰ٻʮڴܽҵõٻͻƷָտɴԷĵ뿪ɳǣȥſˡ
߰ɣ
˺ܿ뿪ԺӣȥٻɳһɽȾУǻ֮ŵĵֲ̣Ļܣ·Բ硣
ɽȶȦһԲΣǱӣϾޣȻôСɽȣӿǧˣǱˡ
ɳǣܿ쿴˻֮׼õɽȣһɣһ̹
ʻãҲ˽ŵ滺Ҷһֱ񾭣ŵ֮Է˺ܶࡣ
ǰǣ
ֱǰѹѹȺĻˣֻһǧ֪ܲõ
ǰһˣҶ˼ӿ˽Ųٵĳǰȥ
Ҷʶޱǿ󣬳ͬκһˣɨǰЩǰμӵߣʵ󲿷ֶƷңƷɵļ١
ԼƷɳ֣ǳ٣ҶֻоһϢ
ƷҲкüˣȺ֮УҶǳŰٻġ
һöٻھƷһȼǱҶĵҩϧûС
ŶӣŶӣ׼ӣ
˿ʼǰҪӣ˿ȥˣʼĺȳ⡣


1529 ٻ
Ϊ޵Ĺϵܶ˷׷ǰϣһ
ҶֱĲ̫Ӧڰ˰ңֻҪ˳򣬿϶ϡ
ƫƫкܶ˹ӣܿͽҶ㼷˾Ű֮⣬úܶʮջʼ֡
ҹƾҲҪμӰٻᣬﶪˡ
˹ֱвҶ㣬Ҫֱ뿪ϾҶֻƷɵʵ
ȻҪӣ϶ʵԼģȻӲɣᱻһִա
μӰٻģʵͶƷɣ󲿷ֶƷҶƷģָ
Ҫӣ
Ҷ㶢ˣ۾гһϸ죬ֱʮֽţϾԷһƷɣһƷɣһˣͿѹ
ûλøֵǲȻݹǲˡ
ƷɵӱȽţȻ˱ˣֻ˭ֻҶֱʵ͡
˼Ҳμӣˡǲÿ
Ҷ̯̯֣һεӣòռλãÿ
ˣȻ֪ôݹǺ飡
Ҷ㲻ÿһȣһƳҶץޱȣƷɣѾ֮ܶһ˿ޱȡ
ɽ磬һԲϣʹ֣Ҫԭ򣬻ΪҶʵ̫ͣͬƷɣԲóȻ֡
ȴСƣдһ˿쫷磬ХҶնԷȻҪֱӴ
úݵֶΣúݵģ˿Ŀ֮£ǧ˵棬Ȼ֡

ҶףͻƷɣʵ˺üƷɣһȷԼɸ߼ƷҲˣһˣǽĳֱǿͻƵƷɡ
һҶʩչдӡȻ緲죬ﵽƷɣһЩҲʩչ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬ƺݺݵײһγһĹΣܺɨȥֱֱӱɳȥ
ಣ
һӰͻȻ˳ȥ˭Ҳûп壬󲿷˶ΪɵĿ϶Ҷ㡣
£ҶȻ˿˫һ綼ûŲֱ˼飬ƷɱһƷɸ˳ȥ
ۣ
ɵҲɳһСӣԭҪٻᣬܵõٻãòȢٻҲС
ΪˣһŶӿ϶ֲԼˣҪֻһ취ӡ
һȦѡҶ㣬Ϊ֮УֻҶʵ͡
û뵽һߵϣҶ㿴ƷɣʵȻ˿ɲղһƣȫƷɡ
ӿµҶͬβƵĶƣԪǳ񱩣һͷ˺졣
Сӣʵ
Ʒɣ˵һԣǶ֣óȻ֣ҲԳ衣

Ҷǳһ˿ֱ࣬ŵٴεڵء
ƷɣһƷųӣʵֻǲղҶһе֣Ļۣ֮˲䶴ꡣ
֣ҶҪܳôף˵һнɣͫȱ˲ֵ߽ġ
ûκͣͬĲ֮£ŵƨϽ뿪
һЩ˿ʼۣҶǺܿͱ˳׷¥黹Ŀ
ԭ̻Ʒ
˿ʼСֹˣѾ˰Ͳסˣ׼Ҷ֡
СҲ֪ʲôʺˣȻʶϣȻ֮ء
˶Ҷ㶼ɱһҶ̻ܿƷҪҵԭϧҶĻǡ
ڶҶƷɵƷɣòҲ֮ɫ
Ҷ֣ǴǺܺð
ֱ߻˶֮Уȥ£ƾ񿴣ܿܶ಻Ŀ⡣
֮֮
ҶĺܿʲôûмܱһСŵ뿪
Ҷ֮󣬲Ӻܿõֹ֮ŵ˳ˣʼάһ£ɢŮӣɴ棬һȶˣѹôӷӿ
㲻ܵõٻȢ֮ŵŮҲһѡرǻӣǻתòǾΪˡ
üˣûˣ֪һ᲻
֮ȻǶţڶһĵλϺܶɢأӣܶŮӣһЩһŵĵС
ҪȢӣڶ飬ǰӱһſУÿʮ֮꣬ŻƳһӡ
һĻΪΪԭǻת
ֱɽֵҶֱѾĩҺûܲμӣڵڼѾ޹Ҫ
ǲμӹ֪Ŀ϶ռƣΪͻʱλ֣ĩģǿпޡ
ֻǰ棬лӴӣλԣǷ⣬öӷ
õ֤ͨ˺ܿصɳǣҪһЩƲˣʮ˳͵ȺٻῪ
ʮƽҶ󲿷ʱ䣬
дӡ֮ˣʩչҲҶʺ似
Ǵһʩչѹ֣Ҷڳᡣ
ɱ¾ҪԪʮֲֿΪʮֹ㣬Ҷ㵹ûô
ԴҪǿ꣬ҶʱʩչֻҲһСأƺסˣҶֻһЩƤë
Ҷ˿̿࣬Ҳֱ̼ҶһʵҲ˼ı仯
ҲϴζӮ͵ԭֱԸʲ٣еԹҲһɢ
ٻӺܿ쵽һϻһ׸ɾ·رֱĴһ
Ҷ㵹νǳŰٻȥģʲôӻǻ֮ŵеŮѹͲȤ
Ҫʵ˽ӻӴԺңɽ硣
ɳǣ󲿷ֶӣ£˴ӣҲ˴ģȵȡ
Ǹ־󣬽Լõһչʾ
ҶȺ֮УȲۣҲ룬ʮȻ
رǲ˴ԴҶ֪Ȼ֮ԴĶȥ̻ʧԭеɫʡ
ʱ֮ȳ֮УǰҶֱں棬컨֮˸ǰά˻ȥ
ֻһڣ֮ľ濴ŨĻ㣬ڵס˵ߡ
óõĺƣſڵĻ֮ŵӣҶֱֱ˽ȥ
ӡ䣬ɽȣмľ󣬻һѡ
һƬ԰֣ĻҶ㻹ûмֱһߣʻ
ҺܶʻҶδɢŨ˾һ
ܶ˽ķ׷εڻ֮УƷʻƷơ
ЩƶʻƣܵͣһŨŨζһ㡣
λ룬ٻѾʼˣ
ҶΪ󣬸ţİٻᶼѾʼˡ


1530 
ѾûˣҶ뻨еģڳһطƽСڷֻܡ
Զڷӣܶ໨֮ŮӣһʾɫȻɴ棬ڸǲסǵա
ǿ쿴ӳˣ
һǧˣɢΧͻȻ˺һ䣬Ӻ󷽣߳һɫɴȹŮҲɴݡ
ǻɢԼͬǹⱦʯ˫òС
ħģϱʯ˫ۣİ͹£͹͹ðİʵıɫɴ档
һͷںڵ㷢ڼϣϣɢ˵룬Ҫ˺ɴݺݵһڡ
ûݣѾ˷ѹְٻֱŷҪμӣ˿ҶףҶǳŰٻġ
ٻڿʼ˭ܲʮֻܣʸһ֣
Ⱥ֮У߳һŮָŵһŵĻܣ涼סˣҪƾԼֱЩܵƷ֡
ܶ໨ܣϿģԲ²ǳѶȣݻܴŵòԼɷݣҲһ֡
ʮ軨ܣȫסʶ޷͸ȥΨһܸӦĴڣ
ǧˣ׷ߵǰ棬Ѿ˿ʼó׼õıīԼŵĴд棬дԼ֡
õģϴֱ֮ߵһԣȽ
˵ûУܵõھܵõӵԽӴпܵõӵΪ
Ⱥ֮УСۣܵͣǴҶĶ
ûˣûйھܶ˿ʼɻ֮ŵˣ첻֪᲻йھ֡
ǰ꣬ûȫ¶ԣ˵õٻӶܡ
ҪһûӵգȻٻʮҲԸˡ
ƳһۻӵķǶ˿ˮ
ٻʮ궼Ը⣬ǻת֮żп﷢󣬳Ϊһš
һӲ˲촽ҪȢӣõ壬ӵл֮ţĺ£ȥҡ
ǱˣǵʣȻõ˹ھҲһõӵ
һֳӵ¶֮ɫΪЩ˾⣬ƾҲӡ
Ҳ÷ǣǶ󡣬ҲòȥƾҲӡ
ļ˷׷Ͷ޵ƺ˴˶ʶƷɣֺȺĸо
رֳӣһģƫƫ֮У֮ɫһһӻˮ
ĿԴ
ûǣóԼĴ𰸣֮ŵĵӣѾݽ̨ʼǵĴ𰸡
ȷĽһ֣̭ˣѡ뿪
ٻһʱ䣬м䲻оˮӦֽĿ뿪ȥۿ
ƣʻϧûˣֻ޺޵뿪ֻмһͻ¡
һǧ˵첻죬˵Ҳ̶һʱдˣΪҶ㿿󣬵ֵǵʱǱ߿ʼˡ
ֱ͵Ȳˣʮ軨ܰһ飬һгӣϾһֿ϶ǺѣһЩͨĻܡ
ҶҲżһǰΪӴ裬Ҷվһ֮⣬ζҪ֪ʲô֣ȷʵЩѶȡ
ҲѲҶ㣬ĵۣ֮ڻɴһ㱻ƿֲĻֳҶǰ
滹м¼ʲô֣ݶ٣ԼĹܵȵȣҶ㿴һ껨ܣȻǧɷ֣ÿһǧһöӣ̷֮󣬿꣬ͻƾ硣
ʮ軨Ҷ㻨һյʱ䣬ҲֱĴͽȥˣֵҶʱ򣬼ĩ
ΧŮӣһ˽ƺۣЩ֮󣬷׷첻
Ϊǧٹ֣ȫԵķǳ٣󲿷ֶдһ
ҺõһִԽһ֣һֽһܽڶ֡
õģһֽϢʱǻṫ𰸣һֵ£ʧܵƲ˴Ⱦͻ
һվ˳ȻɴҲֻڵסͶѣֳͷȣݺݵһµ棬ɽ𻢣˻뿪
ɸ֣
ҶжϣɾƾղΪ
˳Ŀ⣬Ҷ㿴̨ϣʶһɨ䣬࣬ЩŮӣʵҲƷɣҪȢ֮ŵĵӣôס
ҪãڶҪڣгͷصһ죬Ȼᱻ֮ŵĵС
Ϊ֮ŵӸɫڣÿ궼ǰ
ǻ֣˵飬ȥǿӲִֽţֱ˻ʡ
С˵ƺʮϤЩ֮У϶ȥҲμӹ
һǧˣɢʼϢרˮӦãҲһ¡
Ҷ֣ûõĹ
ֱҶ㻵ЦŮӣѾ̲סˣʼȥڨ
ֻҶ޶ԣԭأĿ˼ղۣ֮ĵһЩ֮еľоֽ֮١
ͫȱ𽥻ָܿƷˡ
ֺαسЦСܣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦûֱĿŨϻܴ֮ٽ˵գ˵һء
ǧˣҲֻҶһǸ⣬ҶںȾ죬໥̸ģҼ֮ŵĵ໥̸
ΨҶ㣬ܵĿռ룬һԣ˫ַ˫ϣʼ
֮УŻۣЩ۶ǧ꣬ʮִ֮ʮ棬ȻûиоֱӴı仯
ҶܸоøӯƺЩϴãѹЩŮ˰ȶˣ켣кܴԭ
ͻȻһĿ⿴˹ǰٻӣʯ˫ˣûһע⣬ҶϵʱͻȻ΢΢һ
Ҷܳɫ˵Ǻͨƫƫͨ棬һɳϢƺԶ볾׵⾳ȫ͸Ҷʵ
һƷɸ֣Ȼ͸ƷɣҪ˵ȥû˻ţƫƫʵͷˣΪҶԴѷ豹档
ӵı仯ܶ˷׷˳ŻӵĿ⳯߿˹ÿҶ㣬Ⱥը˹
СӣȻûӶˡ
˺ݺݵһ䣬ûӿԼǶôĵ飬ҶϣҶ㲻û⣬Ȼصȫˡ
һԵĻ϶΢΢ŭȻҶ񣬲һЩŭ⡣
ٵĿ⣬Ҷ˫ĿȻ˫ۣʶһֱעܣЩǲˡ
СӣϽɣﲻĵط
һ˹ȻֱҶ뿪
ƾʲôҲط
Ҷһ֮ɫͻȻߵԼǰӣƺܲ⡣
ǼҹڣЩģʮʱ䣬
ƺͷһ֣Ӻܶ˱տڲﵱУܿ


1531 
Χ˷׷ױտڲ˵Ѳ²ղӿ˵Ĺӣһͷ
Ͼ֮ŵλͣһЩǰҲΪ棬дĵӳ֣ĸ뽫ٻ뻳С
ǼҹڣҺ£ѵҪЬɣ
Ҷ΢΢ŭٻӲԼһۣǷǣɽ磬ǿʳŷĴַ򣬳в
󵨣ȻǼҹӣ֪Ǽҹ˭򶦶Ҷӣ졣
Ҷһ̣Ǳ˲ȵβһֱָҶıӣڰԼݰ˳
򶦶ңֱһ£˹סӡ
˼ҵѸղЩ㲻Ҫ⡣
ֱæ˭򶦶Ĵ壬λǳ֮ߣȻǼ̳ˣĵλȻߵףȻҲμ˰ٻᡣ
֪ˣǻ
ֱһµģţԼҹһμӣĿľҪٻȢ֡
Խ֮ŵҼ֮λ
κμ壬ǳΪȣҲ⣬ʮж֮λֻ죬лһϸ¡
ֱΪˣòײμ˰ٻᣬ϶뿪Ҫˣкӡ
Ⱥ֮УƺΪ⣬ȻںСƣһ֮ŵŮ졣
֪ҶӣߵĻ֮ŮʩչҪܼң϶ʳǡ
ϧ˼ȫڻӵϣֻеõӣл֮ţΪԼá
ʲôʱҵ˿ڰٻӸԤѵٻΪһˣ
ҶһֱЦ⣬κ鶼޷Ҷŭ⡣
Ҷ㻰һ䣬Ȼ̨Щסˣ֮ȻǶţҲֻĴڣҶһȻڻɻ֮ŵμӰٻ˶ˣԺ˭
ӣٻԢɸ֮ӣ˶лμӣӲҪԳݣ򡣡
˵ˣͷȷ˫Ķ졣
ˣ˲£˴ҵ£ˡ
վʮֹĳ̨ʩһرǻӣĶŻӵز
Ϊɫȹӣǰ濪һΣðڵ¶һ׵Ĺۣ첻ԾһҺ
ȻΣǱӲ׽ˣ¶Ŀ⣬Ȼӽװǹˣǿһڳ˵ԡ
ҵӶˣٻ¶ɺı飬ƺԽıûжˡ
˶ǳɫм
ʾ֮£˻ȥ֮ǰǺݺݵĵһҶ㣬˼㣬Ҫ뿪Ҫÿ
ǰƷɣղŵƷɣǴ壬Ȼһ㡣
˵ҴѾﵽ˾Ʒɣֻһ֮ң
һɾͿʼе飬ʵʱ䲻ˡ
ֳָܿҶȻԭأ·ղʲô鶼ûз
ֻ˲Ż֣ᷢҶĶǳ֮ǿ
ղˣŵ뿪ϾԵңƫƫҶͻΣ֮˽Ҿ˼ɡ
Ҫǻ֮Ų棬Ժ˭֮ŵҲȥȻ嵭дȴҪôܵ˼вʱ򣬻侲ĶԴ
Ǳ߿ʼˣǰӽ𰸣ûֵģȻǱ̭޴Ļǽֵһ
ֻٶ֣İ˲ֱ̭Ȼ˵һأΪ˰ٻᣬû¹
˭Ҷ㣿
һеһ֣Ҷ֣ܶһͷˮû֣ȻĴӽ
㿴ңҿ㣬ʶˣ֮ûκӡ
ֱʱҲŷ֣Ҷ㾹Ȼڵһλ¶֮ɫ
Ҷ֣ǰֻ𣿡
ֱЩţЩҶһֱһƺʻûʲôоΪ˾ͨ
ӿʼĶٵ׷¥ķ̻ڵİٻᣬҶһֱص̬֣ڶĳ϶ˡ
ֱζĿһҶ㣬һοԼˡ
ɶѣСʱֲʻЩ˽⡣
ҶұһڣԼСʱ˭Ҳ֪
ʱҲ֪ԭҶ㣬Ӷĳ׷¥ڵİٻᣬƺӰӳ֡
һҲͰˣʱɳǼʢ£Ӱӣÿζܶռͷôʮˡ
һЩ֮Ůӷ׷ͶĿ⣬ȻҲв˲УҶ˾ȷģǺ
ÿʻҶ㶼нܣȻǺȴҪ˾ȷĶࡣ
⻹Ҷûд̫ҪдһЩ֮ŵһΪԼס
ûн˷׷¶֮ɫвöƷɣȻڵһ־Ͱܱεѡ뿪뻨Сƣɫ
ڰٻᣬûʲôˣֻ֮ܵ󣬹
ӵĿٴͶһҶûбܻ䣬峺ӵ˵ͷǱ˴˽һ
Ҷ峺񣬻˫Ŀƺ΢΢һˣһԼûκĶ֮ɫ
̣꣬ԼЩݣѳֲסǽ죬ЩˣѵԼǲ
ЩΪƫƫҶ峺һ˿ֻǼ򵥵ĵ˵ͷ
ܿջĿ⣬ӵһ죬Щ껹ǵһ˳ʱעһӡ
ҶȻӢӣõģ߹ͦεˣǴŵĻߣ·ʲô飬ҶĶ
һţһֳȣһ˶صϢ
ΪҶ죬ǼЩڵŭ𣬷׷ͶŭĿ⣬޲ܽҶ̻
ˣҽڶ֣
ʮ軨ܰ˳ڳһţҿԲ²ˣδĸԽһ֣֪һεѶӲ١
ҷܲļǰȥǺܿ죬˿ʼü¶Ц֮ɫ˺ü֣֪飬˵֪ʲôƷˡ
Ϊڶ֣ܶ໨ܶǻ֮ԼģҪԻ㹻֪ʶ˽ſԡ
ֱҲǽпȥ˵ڶ֣ѵҪˡ
ҶҲżȵǰ˲²Ĳʱǰȥñʣվڵһ軨ǰ
΢΢һ˿˱ǶҶʳ󿪣ŵֻ㣬ȻܹʳҶ㻹ǵһ
Ũ壬ʮ̹ϻ棬һ˿ʳϢŹ˶ʳӦǾ黨
֮γɴ˻һҪܵõ̷յĹЧдԪá
мؼ¼ڲᣬҶڶ裬ȻҪȸղž黨߳һأڴͻܡ
ңĳȣܿҶϳֳ֮ɫ⻨֮УȻһ˿ԡ


1532 
а˸ߵֲҶ㲻Ѳ³ӦǺڻ껨ǰҲнӴϰ׵ѣڶֺܿ챻д
ʣٶˣѾβ󲿷ֶ𰸽ȥΨҶ㣬ÿһ軨ǰҪ֪ͣʲôҲϸϸƷζ
Ϊÿֻ֮Уľڣÿһֻܣ¾Ҷ˵¾Ǳ
֮ͨ۵룬һЩӶǳ٣ƫƫû֪
Щս֮Ҷһ̩·궼õ˾
ñһ鷳ˣͻȻһƬԴеиһ̣ʧӰ٣һɶ
Ҷ˿̾ͺñζĴܾͣ׵ķ
ҶһܵģĲҧгݣΪҶװģ
ֻл֮ŵЩ۵Ļ֮УľڣÿÿҹЩ
ҶԼ꣬õ˼һЩ覴öõ޸ԺĪİ
͸ҶһͻƾıҶͻƾ磬ҪԭҶﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
Ҷ㲻ģٻӵĿٴͶЩҶˡ
ҶƷʻģǵһΪμӰٻ󲿷ֶǳŰٻԼԼɫ
⻨ԵмУҲװģŪīҶ㲻֮ͬУޱ峺ųں׵ʯ
ֲ⾳ĸоװģҲ˵ҶЩʻ֮УᵽʲôֶֻҶԼ
ʱʱ䣬ҶŽʮ軨һһƷͣ˴һʱ䣬ܶ˶ȵòͷˡ
Сǲǳĵңѵ֪ƷʻʱôãڶֵĽѾˡ
˴ָΪҶʱ䡣
ҪǵһҶȫԣڶֻ֮ſ϶ߴ٣ƫƫһȫԣ֮Ҳ֪Ҷڵڶܲµʲô̶ȡ
Ҷ㵢ôõʱ䣬ȻҶܲҶһֱ
Ϣһᣬϳ
ͷȣʼȥˣʣˣ֮ŵӸ֮£ܿ𰸾ͳˡ
ž޴ĹĻʣ˿ʼѰԼ֣ûֵģȻ̭һ֣һ뿪
ĸԽһ֣ĻǽҲֻҵ֣Ƶ˵֣Ӽѡ
Сӣʲôʺˣ
һҶ㣬˷ŭˣҵ죬Ҳ¶˾֣Ҷʮȫԣⲻ˼顣
ٻ֮ŵŮӿʼ󾪺ȫԵģʮûгֹѵСҲǶ֮ˣ˵ڰа
аҶȻܣҶȷǵһʮİʶ֮ŵˣұʱ򣬻˿ڽǸ
ֱһˣҶڵһҶļ¶ᶨ
Ҷ֣ҵϣͰˣһҪõٻ֮Ӹ㵽ֵ֣Ҳˡ
ֱѾҶ㵱ֵܣԼ˲ҪֻҪҶ㻹ھԡ
ˣ㻹ǸϽȥϢɣСҵˡ
Ҷһķ򣬷ˣһҲ뿪Ļ
İɣȻǿ󣬵ҲҺΪ
ֱ˵꣬뿪⾫ĲõĳصĻƼȥˡ
ˣڽ֣ǲ²⻨ܣǻش⣬ϣʧܡ
˵ֵĹأǼ򵥵Ĳ²⻨ô򵥣ǻشһЩ⡣
Ҷдˣÿ˶һ׼ģ޶һʱ䡣
Щ֮ŵĵӣеľӷһһݣ׷Һõط׼⡣
Ҷ㻹һսǴʮֲۣʮĿüͷһ塣
²⻨ܣ֮͸ӽȥȻԿʲô֡
ЩⶼʼһЩʻ֪ʶҶʮΪѣ֮žԷףܿʻֲűĲã֪ʶ
ʮĿ֮Уʻĵ֪ʶҶʱף֮ðٻᣬҲһЩϵǷȱ
ϿóһöٻЩǰдһЩϵı׶ˣ޷ͼ֮һ취֮Żþ˼
ʻ֪ʶҶȷһԣϵǷȱ
һƿб֣ѡ̷ͻƵĿܣҲб׶ˣҲһֻܾʹΪֹ
һѵ⣬̷֮󣬹Ȼͻƾ磬ҲԼսӡ
Ҫǲͻƣһֱ磬ͻȻ򣬴ñҲͻƣʱѡ̷ûк֢Լʣñﴸ
ӵбмסһ̷ֱȾͻƣѺѡ
˶ջܶ˵õ֮޷Գ̷ִ֣ԺΪҲѽһ
ñҶڷҲһ򲻵ѣͻһһͻƣһּ˺
ûκθõģſѡ񣬴󲿷Ҷ㶼ѡ͵ıͻƵļʣñ
ٻ֣óȻ̷ΪҲһ˺ǿмǱͻƾ硣
Ǳһľͻ谭ķչǰڻ۵ķǳ񣬲κεƿΨһǷȱľԴ
ҶھֻҪ㹻ԴͿԲϵͻƣǰڻ۵̫ǿˡ
ԥ˰죬Ҷ޷شҪд̷ѡͻƣ϶ǲԡҪѡ̷𰸺ȻҲԣǿбܶá
ĶָȻ֮ʵ̷̲ﲻҪҪģȻ̷ûκθã޲ҲȻվԼƿ
ҶܿдԼĴ𰸣ʵÿ˶ᣬʵܼ򵥣ָ֮Ȼ֮
ľģǾ硣
ǰŲĲǾ磬Ŀʼˣ覴ãԵԭ̤
Ҳĳһ죬ͻȻõ˽˲õ
Ϊĳһ飬ĳһˣӰһ˵ľ磬Ĳǵһλǵڶλ
ڶ⣬ҶҲܿԼĽͣǱĲãҲҶЩ
һƽߵ˾磬Ҷ㾭ֽѣЩ֮Уһɡ
Ҷ㽨ԼϵͳƵǧЩ֪ʶѲҶ㡣
ĵĿҶȫϣЩʻ֪ʶ
ֵˣҶĵĿ֮ʻĿԶʧˣҶЩֲ
ѵԼشˣ
Ҷһͷˮ֮£ֻý֮Ů
һˣҶ㾹Ȼһɣһ
ܿ죬ӶһԼĴ𰸣ܿٷռȫ
һݷݴ𰸱ɻּලҶĴ֮󣬻һͷȷ


1533 
ٷݴ𰸣ȫ룬Ҷľ֮󣬻ϱͻȻһ䡣
ֵıȻҲ˵ע⣬رǻ֮ŵĵӣֿɾΪһЩС¶
ѵʲôԣ
֣ʲôˣ
ٻ˹չȻ𿣬͸һÿַ֮ײһ㣬ö
Լ
ֽҶĴٻӵΪӳ˱仯ʻʧˡ
ÿݾӶ⴦ʻʧԢĵĿȫԣҪʻĿȫԣĿҲԶʧ
ⲻܣ
ͻȻסС죬ˣʹûгֹ⻹طʧ
֮ŶɣǲµطʧЧˣд𰸣⼸ֶʧдıӵı仯
ǽ죬ȷʵˣʻĿʧҲ˵ĵĿĴ𰸼ȫȷ
ͻȻһ˶˹ȥ׷ʲô飬ڽͷӶ
֣һдʲôĲɣ˾İɡ
ʱһİ꣬ߵǰеӣŴ
û뵽Ҳˣʧʧ
ˣվӣ˹֣ƺϤ
ңңô壬ʶ֣ҵӣĿһǱӵò
ʵòһ棬Ҫǻ֮ţõ˻ӣ൱ڽл֮š
˺ܿ£۵׷˺£ǻ֣ǻӣ鶼ЩȻ
Ǳüٶ˵Ĵ𰸺ܿ챻
һ̭һˣа˽ȥһ־ͷǳˡ
ڴ໥²ʱ򣬽ˣֻһҵ˳ɹΧľ֡
ܶ˶ϲȥһλѰңΪǰֶҶõ˵һ֪֣ڵڼ
ǿ쿴εһ죡
˷һһȡڶ䣬󲿷ֶƷƷɡ
Ҷ㣬Ȼûѵһ̭˲ɡ
Ҿ˵СҲ֪ʲôʺˣȻأֳԭΣԼβ͹ˡ
ûҶֻ֣ĴЦ˿ܻ䡣
ҶҲ⣬ˣԼҲڣǰԼĵдģΪ飬ԤԼԡ
̭½½߳ȥԽԽ٣գۼ书ߵ߰˰ˡ
СӣϽɣﶪˣ
һ˹ֱָҶıӣϽ
ҪҶ񣬲ȻҰʸ񣡡
Ҷ㻹δ˵ͻȻһͷȣһĺò˶Ĥʹ
Ҷһ㶣ԭָűӣҪŭͻȻˣһͷˮΪλֳƺҶΪҶӣ׷ʲô顣
֣С̭ˣﲻߣǰȥ
ָҶӵ˾һȳ⣬ɫܲÿ
㱻̭ˣһδοԣʵϽ뿪
̲סˣʻ鲼¸߹ңƼȣ˳ȺЩһδγڶ໰ʵܡ
֮ŵĵӳˣֱӽ˳ȥȡʸ
ҶӣղŶе£
־ȻҶȥ˵ˣ춼¶֮ɫڸ죬ͻȻ±ӣ㱻һھǺ
뻨ʾ
ҶûȥһûԼֻ֣סԼҶͷ
Ϊһ㲻òμӣԽһ֣ǻ֮Ҫϱд
ֽͣҶֲˣȻڵֲòμӣֱӽһֱ֣Ȧˡ
ҷԣû֣Ϊֱ֡
Ȼ˲ֱվΪ֮ףƫ̻Ҷ㡣
һ˴ӵһֵ֣ÿζȫԡ
ָң
ϬɨӣŵֱһǺɸ֣ƾһ񣬾ͿɱһȺɡ
²ңֻвʣ
ӶݺݵĵһҶ㣬ɸֻ֣ǲΪÿκôҶõ
֣ôˣôȷʵЩԷڣȻﶼ뷨
ʱվ˳ֱһȭﶼЩʲôͷҶˣȥһѵõˡ
ûһٶˣƽ׵Ķһ֣ѱﶼƫ
ʱŸͣӣҪЩͨߴĶ࣬üͷһ壬Ҫ˵Ȼᡣ
ƫƫ䣬˲츳Ǵӣλͬһ㣬֮Ҫʶˡ
뷨ҲϾҶ㲻ƷɣڳʣµһƷϡ
һȻεеķͷҲסˡ
֣ǰɣ
˵ˣʾ⻨ָǣȻٻҲüȥˡ
ǣӣ
ɾȻԾƷ˿ڻ֮ŵĵλͬһ㣬ֻҪѣָܻǰ
Ե껨ɿǴﵽֻڸյĽ׶ΣԽɾͲ
һӳΪǻ֮ɽ磬ǳԽһţҲѹ֣ܶ˼ԴҲҪȢӡ
𰸾ž棬Ӧע⵽ˣڻݵĿĵ֪ʶÿžӶǾ⴦ԻĿĵĿԶʧ
˵һЩ֮ŵܣЩӾ⴦
ĵ֪ʶݵĿȻҲԶʧڳ֮ˣĿʧ𣿡
ɨÿһ˵ϣǲԾĵͷûĿԼʧ
ⲻܣһССƷɣôȫԡ
˻ǻɣΪҶˡ
ڻң
ٴŭһ֣ղ˵ֱӱ˳ȥ
ϢŭȻˣܻ
ͻȻת̬ȣԻֵľΪˣȻ˵ٻҶй֮
ˣԸģԽ֣
˵겻˵ǾһƷȫԣҲܲ
ҶǾƷɣˣϧҶκαʵСĿҲ̾Ϣһ
ܿҶȥۿֱ
Ҷ㱻ڿеһӣٻֻʮ֮ңǱ͸ʮֺš
Ҷӣã
һ֮ŵĵùһ̳ƣҶԼá
л
ҶʮֿŮʩ񣬶ԷҶȻҲġ
ڳЩˣƺӦر죬һĿһеӣ˰ٻ֮⣬ƺûнκ˷
ҶǫǫŮһЦ˳ȥص˰ٻӵߡ
ֲ²ĻǻܣѶ˲٣Ȼʮ裬ֻҪ¶һ룬ͿԽһ֡
ʮ軨ǻ֮ž֣ܳѶȿ֪


1534 䲻
־Ǽңʮ軨ÿ趼һѹԴ󲿷˶ǵһο
춼üͷ壬֮ǰ˹ΣоѶȺܴ
Ϊˣϧؽ˼֮ŵŮӣһЩϡƷֶƷһ飬Ϊ˾õһ
ҶӣûȤһ룿
ͻȻҶҲԲμӣϾʮ軨֮УмԼġ
Ժ¶Ƿɽˮӻأϧһֻ续Ϊ˭
Ҷҡҡͷͻ֮ˣ֮μӰٻᣬĿΪ˰ٻͻҪԳƲſԡ
л˿ռį޻Ϊ˭˼û⾳Ҳײ͡
֮ô˵ҶϣӲҪԼұļĿĺܼ򵥣ǰٻ
ҶӺĲɣһ˽ͻ㷢ԼľСŮ
ӵٴγ֣ʱһ𿴻ͻмˡ
ӹˣȲ¸ʰ·磬еĵطӼ¡
Ҷղŵıǡ֮䣬ע꣬αҪںʻΪ˭ֻҪҶĿĴﵽˣԺܾİ·ˡ
ٻͻȻ˵˼ҶղŵʫԽζоζԽŨ
ʱıڽܶ˶ʮְգʮֻһֶûв³
һоųɵҪ̭ʣһɵˣлһ־
еĴռһ𣬴ҿʼ֣ʸٻ
ͻȻޱȼžֻ컹˱Ƚɣ֮ǰѾ˽Ĳˡ
ڽ𰸣
ʣһˣһյʱ䣬ʼ𰸡
ʮ軨ɴƿĴ𰸱ֳѾ˿ʼض㣬𰸲õȽ֪Լûϣˡ
˲ģĻǽֻʮֵʱ򣬲ҡҡͷε뿪
ֻʮˣ֣˼ٸˣµ֡
ʣµˣ֮ӣܶĵӣдŵĵӣҲеӲμӡ
ֻһֱȽϵ͵ôߵ
Ϣһᣬ׼һ֣ھõǻ֮ŵĽһöٻ
ĵ˵ͷʣʮˣǾȻ̸ͷлͻƵɾ
ʣʮˣҶ㣬һʮһˣĹھ
ССһöٻö˼ԴǾƷҲ⡣
ܿ᳡ٴθı䣬һԲΣм򣬰ڷʮ軨ûбڵ滹кܶܡ
ÿ軨ݣԼЧ˺ܶͣʣµһͷˮһҪʲô
ȥһ֣ƺģΪνı˷
һֺܼ򵥣Щʻ֮ҳưٻĲϣҪƾԼľ飬ѡȷʻԵԽ࣬Ȼʤߡ
ҪõٻôףһأȻҪǲ²⣬ʮʻЩưٻԭϡ
ʮ֣ЩѾЩѾݶǳĸߣǧɷ֣һС˹ӡ
ѶȺܴȫУ֪˰ٻط
ֻ룬ٻǻ֮֮׵й¶ȥ˻֮ż֪⣬κ˲֪䷽
ҿʼɣ޶ʱǿԷϣֻҪӽʤߡ
ʼֻԼ֪
֣һ̣
ͻȻʵһ²ס
˵
ʾ˵
ٻ䷽Ͼǲִ֪Ҫƫĳˣǲ¶ˣ˵Ǵģʱ˭С
ʳ뷨ϾֻԼһ֪ʱ֪Ǵģ˵ǶԵģ˭Ҳ˵塣
뵽ˣȷĴ𰸣ϣϲʮʻ֮УʱԼԶԱȡ
˵꣬ӻóһƤֱĻǽϣֻҪһ˿ԼȥԱȴ𰸡
֮Żһ֣طǲóģ˭Ҳ޷Ƴ
϶¶֮ɫֻҶһˣʮƽȲɣҲ񶨡
ʮһ˿ʼΧʮʻϵӣҶҲ⣬ЩĵãҲֻڷ磬ҲƳɵ
һڹ۲죬һڸϰ׽ĵµ֪ʶ
Щ֪ʶڻ꺣֮УҶھ˳Ȼǰٻ˵Ӧüٻſԡ
޻΢΢ԣ
Ҷ㿴Լǰ޻ʼ˼Щʻóһ֣ǺƷ֣ҪǴյһ𣬸γʻ澰
߱ʥҩ֮Ч
Ҷһ̿ȥһʻǧ꺱ı˵ʻʵҲһҩֻǿĻȽޡ
ʮ裬͵Ķɷ֣Ҫܲɵһ꣬ۡ
һӱīԼ֪֪ʶд֣ΪдԽԽá
Ҷۿ˺ü֣ǳٳû±ʣԼӶ¶֮ɫ
ʣʮʱ䣡
ͻȻǣֻʣʮʱˣϾҪ
һ軨ʱҶһվӣм¼ֽ˺飬̹Ȼߵһࡣ
Сӷˣ
Ҷ˺еļ¼ֽţΪҶˡ
ֻһˣͻȻһƺ
ˣҲý𰸽ˣԼȥȷĴ𰸰ɡ
һ֣Ҫռ𰸣ΪȷĴ𰸾ĻǽϣԼȥۿ
һȥʮҵӣſ磬ֱۻ©棬ʮֱ뺷
ַӡƤƿ֮¼˼ʮֵҩƣֵˣ⼸ʮֵУȻûһָղŲ²ʮһ
Ҳ˵ʮҩûһưٻĲϡ
ⲻܣ
ӷһŭȣÿռ죬˵ưٻĲϾЩҩ֮УΪδȴһԡ
֣νͣ
춼վסˣһЦһЦ
ΪʲôҪͣǻǵҸղ˵Ļ𣿴Щʻ֮УҳưٻĲϡҲû˵ЩʻưٻĲϣֻпܶѣ̫ˣ϶Щʻǲϣȥֱ棬ȻǶ֪ʶʮǳ
ʱҲȻ򣬻˵ûֻ˵Щʻ֮УѡưٻĲϣûһҧЩʻٻй
ʮӲ˵ѡưٻĲϣʮ˶гüֳ
ΪѹûжӣƾԼֱд˼֡
Ȼڿκˣ϶ǰȻỳɣЩʻưٻĲϡ
ߵһȻˡ
Ҳκˣ֮Уûңֱ˺еֽš
΢΢һЦϵӶɢˣʮһ֮У˷ˣһֶûѡ񣬸ղŻ⵽˺ü˵ĳ
ʱҲŷӦһҶ㿴˹ȥղҶ˺ֽŵʱ򣬴ҿۿ


1535 õھ
ʮĿ⣬ˢˢľۼҶϣˣ¶֮ɫֱɢŨɱ⣬һ뿪ͻɱ֡
ʮ˳Ŀ⣬Ҷ⣬ƽֻҪõ˰ٻȫԽٻͻƵƷɡ
ʱʹܴ֮򿪣ƷҪɱԼôףΪԼԷˡ
Ҷӣһ£Ϊһûѡֱ˺ֽţ
ֶһ֮ɫЩ֮ŵĵӣ׷ͶĿ⣬һʼСӣ͸һδεľϲ
ܼ򵥣ʵдЩҩˡ
ҶΪ֮ΪҩҪǡʻ
Сӣˣд˴𰸣
Ҷղָʮҩ˼ʵѾдúûϸѡ
ҺܽϣҶ˵ûд𰸣ҶӺε֪
Ҷش𰸾Щʱ򣬻ָ໥һۣǵ֮Уһ˿𾪡
Ҷ㣬Ͳ뿪
ڵʯʱв֪ǶҶĺ⣬ﵽһ㡣
Ҷӣ˵ɣ
ִǣȻҶûѡ񣬿϶ɵġ

Ҷ㳯ʩһһ軨ǰʯвҶֱӸˡ
޻ԣжҵҩܿƣʮ軨֮Уûһ֮գ޻ųˡ
Ҷָ޻Ľܵ
ֵ˵ͷЩŮһ˫Ŀ¶˼֮ɫ
߱ҩҪҵ߲ʯ߲ʱĸᴿ߲ʱʯܱɰٻȻΪٻȻʻС
Ҷһһͣʮ軨֮УˣˣҲ˵ʮ軨ȫںϵһ̸Ƴɵҩ
ÿ軨涼Ľܣãĳɷ֣ԣݣ¼ʮϧȫԵˡ
ŴͣЩţղһֱƾֱȫôϸڵĶ
ã
һȣ֣ȻЩҶ㣬Ϊľ̫ͣĻش޿ޡ
ʮ軨ǾϸѡҴҵߣʮԣܼݣֻҪķ֣ҵеİ
ϧǴһʼͱֵĻɱˣΪЩưٻĲϣѹûȥ۲졣
ǻкλҪ˵
¶Цݣٰôõİٻᣬһǿ۽磬˽֮žĲ֣ȫֳ
ղŵһͣðٻ˫ɢ⣬ױҶһ
ֱӵʣʮˣɱȻ޲ܽҶȥ
ڽϵľƺȥݺݵĵһҶ㣬ˣѾˣҪǾ͹Ҷ̥
ϵɱûȻһҶ뿪϶Ὣ֮նɱ
ƿԣĵ׵ɱ֮⣬ȫտڲ
İٻᵽ˽Ҷ£˿뿪ˣΪһֵˣǻ֮һһ̳𣬳ɷݶꡣ
ֿŴһ޾ɣʱ˰ٻˣһ˻ֵܷһ̳ǲɶõĺö
һĳɷݣֻһ䣬ʮɫԺÿˡ
½½뿪ֻܿʣҶһˣΪûõٻҶҲ޷뿪
Ҷӣ룡
֪ٻʲôʱ뿪ˣ˭Ҳûз֣ЩŮҲʼɨֱһƬС
֮£ҶֻøŻ֣֮ȥ
⻨ֻ֮ǻ֮һֲ֮أĻ֮ţڸԶĵط⻨֮רŵĴ󣬿ֱﻨ֮š
봫󣬻һյʱ䣬Ҷڿ˻֮ŵӰӡ
һľСԺҶŶ룬ǻӾסԺӡ
ԺӵУԺӶ涷޵ʻÿһ궼ǳɷݣ󲿷ֶҩЩҩҪóȥ˷
ӣ
ٻһ꿪׻£һȺΧϵƺǰٻ֮ף˵ʻһȣȻʧɫ
Ҷ
Ժ֮УѾںΣΪҶƱŨľɢϻ㣬ֱ˼ɾ
Ҷ˻ӵĶ棬ʱΪҪԼ˵Ϊ
ҶǲǺ֣ΪʲôҪǰ
ƺҶеɻָһ㣬һξˮ˳ȥŨŨ˲Щʼ˱֮еľ㡣
ܿ죬ЩǺ˾һҡҡλΣֱ˼һ澰ľҶ㶼ǰ档
ʾ
Ҷʮ䵭ûжв
Ҷӣ룡
ٻûнͣƱĸɴ¶ӣСڣȻֻһƲҶ㻹ǿǳǳľѣӦƤһģ
ȻԷ˵ҶҲü׷ʣƱؾһ£˫һ
ƷƷƣƷˣǲ˼һ£
ӷ¾ƱҶʵ
ʱлоˣľĻ˼£ܶ˻԰ΣС
ԹӢѹ˹أƳֻ־˼ڳھɫ֮УʧȥңΪһһǡ
ǺûǺþƣˣϧ˷ǣԸΥͬʱ䣬ͬĳϣֲͬˣⱾһ£Ҳɱ¡
Ҷ㲻ּԣ֪ԼҪʲôС
Ҷ㻹ѣٻ˫΢΢¶һ˿֮ɫ˶ʵ
ʱ˻ǰ£ңмܰѳֵס
Ҷ峺֮Уһ˿аܿһ˿ռ·ģһͨˡ
ҶӣղŶеСŮ
ٴζƱҶղڿҶԣû뵽Ҷ˿Ϊ֮УҲ峺ҲƤ˺ܶࡣ
ˣӾ֮ʣܰɽ磬ʵڲҹάûʲô飬¸ˡ
Ҷ㲻뵢ȥˣ׼뿪ûȾ졣
ҶɽһˣΪŮԼȥǣ֮գɽصĳС
һ֪Լɽ磬϶뾡һа취ɱԼ
ԱҪһпܣ磬ѩޡ
ѵ㲻Ҫٻˣ㲻ңμӰٻ᲻Ϊٻ
Ҷվٻʱ˵һɿ֮ʮֺ
Ȼ֪ҵĿģ˲˵ҵȷΪ˰ٻ
ҶҲûʲôģҪǰٻҶ뿪ɳǣûбҪķʱ䡣
ǰٻڿˣ
Ҷ޶Եӣ΢΢ŭôЩ꣬ûһǰ˷
ԽܵǣԼþƷɣҶ㲻ƷɣԼȻ޷κεá
ƺκѹҶ˵޷ѹȥ


1536 Ʒ
ͻȻһöУװӦǰٻ
ҶתӣٻԼӦõõģȻҲľ֭õһ
ǣ
ٻҶ˫ֱȭ׼뿪ĿѾﵽûбҪˡ
ѵľҪ߳ȥ𣿡
Ҷת뿪ٻվ
ѵ£
ҶͣӣӲʵûʲôûбҪڽȥ
ȥ߲֮ţͻᱻɱ
ֱ˵˵˶֪Ҷõ˰ٻ϶Ǳڻ֮ΧҶһȥ϶Ϊ׷ɱĿꡣ
ѵҪڻ֮Ųɣ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪컹䣬Լʯ϶ŹԼ뾡һа취ٻ
⣬ҶӲݼգСŮкܶණҪ̹ӣҲԳ⼸ʱ䣬ٻ뿪
ٻҶסգʱҿ϶ȲҲ뿪ˣҶҲ˰ٻʵԱӡ
֮Ųǽֹ𣿡
Ҷ¶֮ɫ֮ŶŮӣɽֹ̤룬οˡ
ﲻǻ֮ţֻһ˽Ժ䣬ûôЩأҶӾʵڲ˼Ըң֪Ҳõÿһ軨ܡ
Ҷ︺һЩ֮Ƕ˵˳ֻҪҶܸôȫʤ
һ֪ʶһֱҪһҶ㽻ԲŴ죬໥̽һ
νΪʦҶȻ粻Ƕļ⣬ȴ˳ˡ
Ҿʹˣ
ҲҶ⣬Ũƺ󷨼ӳ֣ıأڴ˴°빦
һ˵һкܶҪҶӣ˵ӦøлŶԡ
Ҷ£ʼ̽ʶ
ȻҶ㾳ڻ̫࣬ҶһЩļ⣬ûƵƵͷҲϤ־ʧ
ҶҲ˺ܶƷϺܶϢҲ֪޲ԣϸĶҶ㽲⡣
һֱŴ⾳֮˳ϵһ̳𣬳ױȸɣֻɫ΢죬͸ΣϦ֮£Ҷ㲻һ
ջĿ⣬Ҷޱ峺аŻ
ҶаֻǱӵ˵ģ΢΢һ¡
ҶӣԺҲҪϺܶ࣬ҾͲˡ
ӽ˵ĻЩ࣬һŮӵĲ֮£صԼķ䡣
ǳҶûκԥҵһյأϥ£׼ͻƾ硣
һ콻ҶͻƱøаգʱ˺ͣͻƣǲ첻
УһöӨ͸ĵҩˣһŨĻֱҶǻõϴһ㣬ëȫ򿪣ʼܵ
Ժ֮Уֲʻÿÿҹ¾޾УҶʼɡ
ǰٻ֮飬ٻǴģҶӵоħȻܼǿܵĻ顣
ɷݵҩǧ꣬꣬ľǳӴ󣬹ƶƳüöİٻ
ЩҶ˹뵽֮Уǿľ㽫Ҷűˡ

ҶޱǿһˣĳܲסϾҩÿֲݡ
ҶҲʮ֮һңĿǰľ磬ֻô࣬ҪȫգЩҩҪή
ʱһһйȥԺͻȻһ˿˿磬һЩҩ뵽Ҷ֮С
һֱҲڲϵ飬һƷΪƷĵƷΪƷߵƷΪƷƷ֮˼ƷҲɾ
ҶڲҪԽһС磬Ҳһ󾳽磬ƷƷĺ磬ǳѣȻֱҲῨƷüˡ
ҶĴ󲿷ֶƷƷӶ࣬һͻƷƷһأβμӰٻᣬ󲿷ֶƷɣܶһ޷ٽһˡ
ƷлͻƾƷɣƷԶǷ绹ɽ綼һ
ΨƷǾ
Ҷ㻹ƷһͻƷһ󲽣ҶԤƣһƷʹ֮¶
ʱдӡдиԼӦö¶һЩ
ŭЩ֮󣬿ʼϴҶϴ跥ëĽ׶Ρ
һ˿˿ںڵʴҶ֮ųȻڷ磬Լʮǽɽ磬ȻմȾϢ
ֻ̥ǣԼڷ
忪ʼڱ͵ʱҶóٻһ̷
һɵĻ˳Ҷɤ棬ЩҪԺĻŨʮ
ǿĳҶ³һѪٻҶ
㹻ǿ󣬵ƾղһҪ

Ҷħű仹俪ʼתհٻ
Ǽʻ껨飬ÿ껨ֻ֮ܲʮöңְ֪ٻô
εԽԽ񱩣ڴµĳ֮£ҶԵޱʥ
ҫʻģֻﵽ˺һľ硣
黹ڲϵӿ뵽Ҷ֮Уľ磬ٴӭɶһαøǱꡣ
Ҫ̵ĺˮһжբһкǧһʰ
ĺˮŭһһεĳҶĽƷһ۷塣
׼ͻƣ
Ҷָʼӡ׼ͻƣԪһ㵼뵽֮УͬҰʼܡ
䣡
һ֣Ҷ֮У׹˸׵磬̾Ҷ֮У֮еС磬ٴ¶
Һôֵҹû˵ע⣬ɵǳֲ֮Ʒͻһ㡣
ܹ쫷ԽԽǿ֮ŵϯҶ֮С
ޱߣһޱ޼ʵľ޺һͷ
ƾһҶͿͬ𣬾һ𱬷Ǿ춯ء
¡
ҶĤһʹֺ¡ǴԼڲƷڱƣҶ˳ĽƷɡ
ԶԶûֹͣһöٻҶֻһ磬֮飬൱̷öٻ
ⲻһһڶô򵥣˫˫ӣ죬ǱЩʻ֮еĻٴαҶ˳
ЩĻ飬˳ҶԭͻƵƷɣ˲ﵽ۷塣
ٶȣֱǷ˼ҲֻҶ
ñȳĺþƣڱ򿪣磬ڿԼա
ʼȹ̾磬ͻƷɲżȽƷȹ˵ҶҲҪһ¡
ÿ磬öҪúõĸ򣬲ȻһƬհףԺûʲôô
֧֣Ҷɾʡˣﱾ󷨼ӳ֣ԴԴϵĹӦ
ƷɵľܿȶҶٴָһ䣬ͷ֮ϣһǳɫС
һ֣ʻҡҡ׹ľҶ޼ɵİ


1537 ӵɱ
вʮֲֿһЩݲݣҡҡ׹ʱܱҶ
ʱɫҲ΢΢һҹƷɳȹ̣ҶѾʱĸ˿ֻͻơ
ǿʼŰͻƣòйŪþ绹ȥ
һ绢ֻܽһҶͻƣƷȹ
Ժʻ׷ꡢǧľҶգҪܶȫָˡ
֨
һűƿٻ˳Ժľ֮󣬳״ԭء
ҵĻ
ٻӿԼʻ˪һÿһ궼޾ɣľʲôˡ
ڿϥԺҶ㣬ٻӽҧ˫˫֮У¶һ˿ɱ
Щʻһĺǻнյľ⼸ʮ꣬ÿһգϵĽ࣬ȻȫҶ㡣
βŭ̧ƣ׼Ҷͷȥ
Ҷڽҵľ磬ʧȥ˸֪һ꺢ͯһɱҶ㡣
ٻӵƳٳû£ƺԥϰ£Ÿӵ
һССƷɣôĻ顣
ٻʮֲ⣬֪϶ܰҶ
ѾˣҪؿ϶鶼뵽Ҷ棬ǰҶɱˣʡ
ǰٻӲɱ֮ˣҪڰҶɱˣĲ̣ϾҶڴͻƹؼʱ̣е֮Σĸо
һֱ֣ӲϵҶϵԽԽ񱩣еɱˡ
ͻƣ
ҶͻȻһȣһǿ˳ˣγһȦɨȥǧʻɪɪһЩ޵Ļ䣬ֱӵ䡣

ͻȻһУһֱԥɱɱҶ㣬ûκη˭֪ҶʱͻȻͻƾ磬Ʒɶ硣
ͻƵһ̣ҶҲоˣ˫Ŀ˲˼һĻ
ǿˣٻڵɴƷ˳ȥһžճҶǰ
ʱһͻȻֹˣҶҲ뵽ԼͻƵʱ򣬰ٻӻԼߡ
û뵽ǿٻӵɴˡ
˴۵СۣҶˣٻӸˣڵסԼʮɴ쾹Ȼķʽƿ
ǻҪնɱҶ㣬ҲվҶߡ
ᱻǿɴһжɺϣ·ڤڤעһ㡣
ӣ㡭
ʱ򣬴һ߳ŮƽʱʱٻӵӣÿһĻ
رӵɴˣ˸סС죬Щš
һУҶٻӵĻ棬һ趯Ưϵɴٴνڵסˡ
Ǿգӡ뵽Ҷ꺣֮УһӶǡ
ҶŮܸоĶָһθо٣ٻӵò
Ҷľ𽥻ָƷɣһöٻôĻ飬Ǹɵӣͻƾˡ
ӣղŶе£
ϣŮݺݵĵҶ㡣
֪ժӵɴζʲô𣿡
һŮҶһȣʮŭڿԺʻһ
ζʲô
Ҷһ֮ɫȷʵ֪ѵӻ˿ɡ
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ˣС£˵ˡ
ŮӼ˵ȴٻһȴˣ˵ȥ
ӡ
СĶ˶ţΪβ˵ȻСһֱڹԶ֪
Ƕȥɣ
ٻӰ˰֣ȥ̸ˡ
ӽҶ֮󣬾ͳһ飬ԼʻҶյ߰˰ˣҪʮָܻ
ǿƷԼɴòһ˿ٻܲζ
ղŻɱΪɴժٻԥˣ׸ɱɱƷɵΪɱҶ㣬һֻһ򵥡
ӣʵڱǸҲû뵽飬ʧһ뾡һа취
ҶΪΪԼĻֻŵԣԺһᱨӡ
߰ɣڻɱ㣬Ͻ뿪
ٻ֮Уɱٴɢ̲סԼ֣Ϊ֮иأκŮӶҪɴʾˣɴժӴԺ󣬶Ҫӣ㽫ɱˡ
ЩҶ㵱Ȼ֪֪ԼҲǹģֻͻǿɣΪ
ǣ
ҶҲ˵ʲô˼ҰԼˣҲ˼
ҶıӰʧӰٻӵϻ䣬ɴҲ֮£գڳ֮£Եóˡ
ӣǺαأΪβֱӸ
Ů˳̾ϢһӲֵ
ΣĿǰľ磬Ϊߵһ𣿡
ٻ̾Ϣһ̫֮󣬸ƽգ粻˵
ΪβֱӽɱҲˡ
С»ǲףȻ˵ֱնɱҶˣαԼĥԼ
ˣǽһ£ȥЩȻЩҩܿͻݽߡ
ٻɺصԼķ䣬Ϸţˡ
ղγնɱҶ㣬Ҷף峺񣬻ŵ̸£Լ츳ԥˡ
һҹ֮䣬ͻ磬һҲһɳʱ
Ժ棬С¸СһۣܿĳĬ׷뿪Ժӣɽ·ٸȥ
ɽ£ҶٶȲͻƾ绹ûü򣬾ͱ˳Ҷֻñ߱ϸϸ
ʹ֮ҶĹ㣬ͻƷɣʹ֮Ȼܴˡ
ಣ
ҶҪ뿪֮ŵ̵ʱ򣬴ɽϷӰ£ӦŮӡ
վס
סҶȥ·ǸղԺС¸СˣʵܲһƷһƷ
λΪͻȻס¡
ҶʮֿϾǰٻߵˡ
Ӳɱ㣬ɱ㣬ƾҲӣˡ
С³˵ֱӳҶ㹥ޱȡ
Ʒɣޱȣһ佣ĽֱҶķС»Ǻһ־ɱС
λΪһٻǵҩѾӦӣԺһΪҪͱˡ
Ҷ¶ŭ⣬һ֮ʩչɵĶһɱС
Ժ㳥ˣ
СһһƵҶһˣʼգҶ㶼ûл֡
С٣¶Ϊ֮ɫ˽ҪնɱҶ㣬֪϶
ΪӽҸǻȥˣ㱻ӳͷҲϧӵòգķһǶصӺһֻƷɵϡ
ǱٱˣȻݹҲ
Ҷ㱻ָһ㣬һǿˣֱӽСµĳƫСµĳֶ


1538 ֱָ
ͻƷɣҶʵ˷츲صı仯ѲһƷѹԼ
ǿԪֱӽСˣСҪֵСɫͻȻһ䡣
ΪƷǿԪֱ˼飬ԪȫƷˡ
ΪҪͱˣѾǸҲ³ŵѵǹɱҵġ
ҶɫʮҶЩƲٻӣԼ˼նɱԼɳɱ
С٣һ֣ΪӵҸϡ
СɱⱩ©Сһȣ׼һ֡
СٲԥȻܲԸ⣬뵽ӽҸǳ˱׼һ֡
ݲҶˣԼԸһˣأԸˣǳļѣϾԼƷɡ
̵ĻǾԪԼǧûκԥˡ

ҶһȣһɫƾճˣȻǺܴ󣬿һȫԡ
ɫ˲佫Сԭأ޷ʣһС£Ϊ塣
ҶסС٣Сɫ䣬ҳɣгٴλΪһߣĽĻҶֶ
ǵصĽסҶƶķ򣬲ƷɣﵽƷֵ⣬׵ʩչ
Դ
Ҷƴ꺢ͯڴǰˣһҶıԴͳĽ
һ鱾ԴСµĽȫѹȥҶȻܽܣƻǿԵġ
ҶҲûбɱ֮ģͻȻ׷ɱԼ϶ʲôԭ
С£Ҳ֪ʲôطˣΪҪͻɱ֡
Դɫ糬أÿһʵ޻ȴĻСһһε
㻹˵㲻ǾĻ飬ƿӵɴ˵
СʮֱԼռϷ磬ȴٳ޷ҶնɱĽʮֹŹ֣ƺ֪Լһα仯
Ѿ˵ɵʧԺһ취ֲƿӵɴҲ֮ҹ⡣
ҶͣǲԼҲûа취Ҷ㶼ˡ
˵ɣЩҩҪʱָܻôֲƿӵɴƾҲ⡣
С±ĵ˵һ䣬ƾҶƷɣһӶռôĻ飬˵֮Ĳˡ
ȻǲҲûа취ˣ
Ҷüȥһ䣬иˣֱӽСˣʹ֣֮Ϸȥ
Ҷսɱ¾֮һԾʧǰϵĴҲ֮ʧ
Ҷ㣬쵰ҪߣȻƿӵɴҪӸ𣬴ӴԺӷ㲻ޣȻ׷ĺǣҲɱ㡣
ʧȥСʱͻȻҶ㻹δʧ֮⡣
ҶշƲ㣬ԼԼĴԼĶͻȻס壬Щ֪롣
òҪȢʲô߼
ҶˣԭҪɱԼΪԼݣ̫ࡣ
ȲˣҲõˣͰԼһɶˡ
Ҷĺܿʲô˻ӹףΪһۣҪҲִ̫ˡ
С¸Сȥ֮ȡһЩæЩʻϣԭҪݽߵʻһָ
ղǲȥ׷ɱˡ
ٻӻһɴ˷ۺɫ˼Ѿˡ
ٻӻ˷ɫɴС»С¶֮ɫ
ӣĴ޸Сӣ
С̾Ϣһ֪ܲҶȷʵ֮Уƿɴ
˭˵Ҫ޸ˣֻǻһѡ
ɫһ죬ԸϣС¸СҲûв𴩣ڻ֮ţֻҪͻժɫɴ
ϧǱܵˣС̫ƻˣҸСһ֣Ҳܽ¡
˵С٣ղűԭأһ¡
˵һ֣Ƕ֣
¶֮ɫЩţղΪС˹Ҷߵģû뵽һ֣ҶߣЩ˼顣
ûСӺ֣ĽƺͨȴܴңֵСԭأ޷
СҲЩջƷɣһƷѹס˭Ҳ
ֵǣһԽ׵ĳһʹ֮ȻҲ׵ߡ
˽ղŵûһһʮ˵˳
Ҷô飬ٻϾȻ¶˼֮ɫ
ˣȥɣ
ٻӰ˰֣ԶҶʶֻһ̸Ϣһ֪
ǴС»С֪Ҷƺ򵥣ȻҲߣ»֮ŻκһƷɣ
ѵ˾磿
ٻǺܿҡҡͷۿҶͻƷɣм٣Ҷʵ磬Ʒɡ
֮ϣҶ˷򣬳ɳǸȥ
֮ǰҪֱкɳûıҪˡ
Сʱ䣬ҶصɳǣȥһЩ̻Ĳϡ
ƷɣԿ̻ƷҶص·̻Ʒ
ҸҶû뵽ǣ˻ʱڿԶһЩȻֻ̻ܿҪ˻ʱʿ̻һ·
ҶǰϻдҶƷɵľ磬һѡ
ǰЩӰٻѾˣһȻһƷɵõֱǲ˼顣
Ҷ֮ܿɳǴС϶ĳ飬׷¥飬ڼϰٻᣬҶ˵졣
⵱ȻҲ˺ܶ˵Ĳвϵ׷Ҷ
ϧҶӰٻ֮һʧ˺ü죬ڻ֮Χˣ޹
ѡʮ㻨Ҷǧöɾϻʣ޼ЩҶţ԰ƷɣҲһ
ըǣǺܶ޲Ը޵ԭ
ϣдһƼˣϵĺը˭Ҳܲˡ
ҲԴÿһöޱһʣ޷ջأƷ
ʰ˶Ҷ㳯ֱԺȥԺӾĵģֱҶʮơ
ûᣬҲֱֳȥĲȥˣصԼ䣬Ҷ㿪ʼŵæµ
ȴ˻ʱʣ˻ʱЩˣԼ򵥵ת
ֽ̻ȱ٣ξǺıʣ£ûб˻ʱʸʺϿ̻ˡ
ʷһһķĳڷֽ֮ϣ͸һɲ֮ȻɣһԾȻֽϡ
ñʣ
Ҷ㷢һ̾ƾ˻ʱһģͼֵųȥ϶ۡ
ϧҶûҪ֪Ƿˣ϶⣬Ҫ˻ʱʡ
ʩչһԺҶо궼ˣϢһ£̻ʣµ·ͨĺıɡ
м䣬һֱָķӡʱ̸ˣԺϲ񷣬ն¡


1539 նɱƷ
һһҹʱ䣬Ҷڿ̻ʮöһɫƷϺϲһӡҶţһȥƷɶҪرܡ
߳䣬ֱûлҶЩˣֱȻöģûҹ޵ϰߡ
ⶼһһҹˣûлҶ߽ķ䡣
ֱķ䣬һɳʪζֱƺü춼ûлˡ
棬ڷһֽ
Ҷֽ֣֤Ѿ뿪ˣ廹£Ժлᣬɳҡ
ԭֱѾصˣѹֺüûп
ãҲҪ뿪ˣ
ֽͻȻȼΪҽҶ̤Ժӣһʿޱɡ

ɳǣ޹ңûκԥһ̤ǣŵķҶ̤µ̡
뿪ǣҶͱβˣصɳǣͱ˷ˡ
һټԺ䣬ʯʮŭӰٻ֮һֱܲá
ֹӣǸСӳˡ
̤ܿԺӣʯڴ̽Ҷټ
ڳˣڣ
ʯ·̤ܿԺӣɳٸȥƷɵʵɱҶ㣬ֵ
ֻҪõٻҾͻƵƷɣڣλߡ
һ·ϣʯǷǣΪҶ㻹ûٻϾŹȥһʱ䣬ô
ƫƫҶǸ̥ҪһҹˣΪҶ̫ǿˡ
뿪ɳǣҶûѡУʹ֮ȻԷУΪɽ編ޱȼ̣ÿηʮһʱǼޡ
ҶҪֳ򲻵ѣѡУΣ
ͻȻüһҶоԾһ·ϣƺ˸ԼɵҲܲ³һֱ
˲ģ
Ҷ֮У˸һ˿ɱ
ɳ⣬ʯʧֳһӰɫɴȹŷۺɫɴһԾʧԭأȻǰٻӡ
һҶ㣬Ȼ˺ü˸٣ҶԼ벻
ǰһϪҶͻȻס壬Ȼתӣӣ
Ǹôˣѵһֱȥ𣿡
Ҷ¶һ˿аЦҶ㵹ǺİһҶʶǵӵĳѣҶ֣׷
Ҷ㣬ڡ
ûأֱӱ˳ָҶ㣬ҶɲʵЩ
ҵڣ
ҶһЦ˳һƷ֮⣬ƷһƷ
ǲμӰٻ֮ǰҶ㻹ûаգѽȣƷҲסԼ
ûڣԹԵĽٻǵǿһ
һƷɳҲֻҪնɱҶ㣬ͿԻðٻ
ҲҪٻûá
ҶЦһǿɱɢѪһ㣬Ҷ㻹Ϊƣһֱûжá
ЩɱͷųҶҪսپ
Ʒֳ־޸ֵһ̣ʱŵһǺ߳Դҡ
ɱ
ûκεԥҶȳˣȻԷҪɱԼǺα顣
ֱƷɣɱһöʽˡ
ɽ磬߱ʽܸõķӣܵƣԾʩչ
񱩵ϢһƣգƷƣŵһ
սɻ亦£һ֮ģԽսǳ
䣡
ӡЯɲѹݺݵѹȥֲƷɣܿ췴ӦеĵͻȻ˳ȥ
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ģ
ѣɽ֮УϵĻصϢʼϯܣЩľѿܲס˲˳
ҶԼǳƷɻгԸˣҶ´ࡣ
ɱ¾֮һɨ籩꣬Ҷһ־ɱУ˿顣

ڳֵһɲǣ˳ȥδӦͱסˣܶ
ͬƷɣҶȫԽɱѾǼǰʱҶƷɣҶͿԽˡ
ܳô޷ŵϵĺС
ϣҡ
гϣƷɣڱѹƣﻹܷ˵ȥȳˡ
ɣû˿ܾǣ
ҶһߣҰһ㣬ֱӳ嵽ƷɵǰԴ֣Է似סˡ

ûκεֱӽԭأ˲䲻ֶܶΣֱ졣
ɽ磬ǧҲ˶Щŵ
һЩֻЩϹŶ֪ܴڳ
ɣ
ɱ¾֮һɨƷɻδӦԴͰң򣬶Ҷ˳뼺
һƷɣҶоԼǼ̣ԪҲʼԽڣҶҪӶᡣ
ӶԽ࣬ʵԽǿħΪȴƫƫҶϡ
Լͬ鱻Ҷɱŵһ£ֱӹڵأʼΪϣҲ
һˣҶ˲תǹͷϣ˹ȥƾնɱЩѶȣ˫£˲ɱ
￪ʼɲԪǺˮһݺݵĳϣӵǿóϣɫ䡣
и
гˣɱڻ֮£Ҷ˳ϣǰһץϣĲӱҶסޱȡ
ʹ֮֮£Ҷ㽫ٶʩչ˼£ѹƣҶ㲻ôɵƷϣ
ôôǿ󣡡
ϣһ˼飬ԼƷɣȻһƷɸסˣܲˡ
ûʲôܣ̫ˣ
ڷ磬ҶԽսɽҲ⣬̫ͬ࣬ǿķ򣬿ɲնɱһƷʲôѹ
㲻ҪɱңҴ𣬷ŹҰɣ
ϣûκεԥѡģҶղɱˣ۾ûգԷǳ֮ݡ
㲻𣿡
Ҷ¶ЦݣͻȻϣĲһᣬ
ʮָðֱӲ棬Ʒɵķʼӿ̶һʱ䣬ϣͱһƤ
ϣˣԭصĳŵֱ˹ȥرǳϣһƤ˵ֱˡ

ˣҶһڣջ˴ɾż·
Ȼ׷ԼҲ⣬Ҷӿ˽Ųиǰ
ٻǺǿģϾһȼ˻Ϊ֮
Ҷ뿪ãһӰٵĿʯһ·֮ϣʩչڿҶӰӡ
һҶ٣׷Ǹ֣ݲҶ⡣
Ҷ㣬֪㣬ˣܵĺǣҲ׷㡣
ʯһȣȻҶ㣬嶸Ȼ٣׷ҶĲ


1540 սƷ
ʯǰƷɣٶޱȣ˫żŵУܿ׷ҶĽŲ
оʯɱ⣬ҶѾ޿ɱܣͻȻһתƶվһƸߵ㣬Ȼס塣
ʯ֮䣬һ˳ȥ˲ܣܿ챻һЩҶǡ
ʯԩ޳ΪҪ׷ɱҡ
Ҷһߣʯڰٻʱ򣬾Լ֣ڵŻ֮ŵ棬޷֡
Լ뿪˻֮ţ޼ɵĳˡ
˵ûǵȷԩ޳Ҫ־͹˰ٻõ˰ٻӵټ֪㣬ιھһңҰٻҲΪҵĽҹҹʹ
ʯ¶һ˿ЦǾòҹҹڿ£һǳˬ
ԶһïܵĴϣվһɫӰʯһ֮УУ˵ĺ⡣
òˣҺûбɱΣ㲻ֵڵӣȻ뷨
ʯе뷨Ҷһ񺮣û뵽ʯٷ磬澹Ȼ˱ɵ뷨
ߣŮӦñٻ⣬ֻҪɱ㣬İٻᣬһõһ
ʯ˿Ϊ⣬ֻҪնɱҶ㣬ٻٻͻƾƷɣȻԻõһ
˵̸ۣ֮еİٻɫ
֮Уһ˿οҶûˣٻ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ŀ⿴ʯȴɱ⡣
ʯȷĸɣٻѾϣܺΪ֮
Ҷʵʵ˵ٻ϶ûˣʯɱԼҲòٻ
Ϊһ𣿡
˰ٻҲҪɱ㡣
ʯûκεԥһ䣬ȳˣһƳҶݺݵɨ
ʯȻ֣ڴ֮еİٻһҪ֣ܿסˡ
Ҷ㣬ʯﲻʸҰٻӵˣҪˣһɱʯһҲͽˡ
ٻͻȻ૵˵ȻһսΪҶĻʯ
ܿɲϢҶ㲻Ҵ⣬ƷɶҪƾҪǶԸƷɣƶˡ
дӡ
ʾҶֱʩչдӡʯľƺݺݵɨ˹ȥ
䣡
һˣһȦΪģ˲ɨܡ
䣡
ҶŲϵĺˣһס壬һ˿Ѫ
ҶԼһ֮ûʯһ֮ɫ
ƷɣȻܳһƲ
ʯЩţƷɣȫһƣҲ֮ܽˡ
𣿿Ϊʵ̫˰ɣ
ҶȥǵѪųȻʯʵ̫͡
ԶİٻӣҲ¶һ˿֮ɫԭΪҶɣȻֻ΢΢һЩ˺΢΢Щڴ
ûҵʵ̫ͣɱԡ
ʯҶ̼ˣȻǺĵƷ׻ͣɲĵǺˮһҶݺݵĳ
Ҵ⣬ɱ¾֮ˣһ䣬ҶΪǿ
ǿǿҶһķֻǿѹܴ̼Ҷ񾭣ϵǰ
ƾһҲҿ⡣
ҶֳʯЦɽ磬ôֵĻɫֻƷµ߲Żʹá
ߣܾ
Ҷû⣬һֱӳֱ룬ֵҶȳ֣Դˣһεƺڷܡ
㾹Ȼǧ
ʯڵӣʶ㣬ҶʩչԴһ̣жϣҶǧ
㻹е۹⣡
ҶҲûȷǧһֱӷסʯĽŲ
֮ϲֻҪɱ㣬Ӷ꣬ܲǧ
ʯ¶˷ܵЦݣջǧɽ磬Ҳǿ󣬺ܶʧ
ȫǧһǧ֣µĴ󲿷ֶǧĵ⣬ֻпǰʮ֣İ塣
ϻˣбɱ˵
ҶøĥƤӣһδζѹסʯĹԶİٻ۾һ
С»˵Ҷ׽ʮ֣Կκ书
״Դϧʵ̫ͣͬҶƾ׽ڲ֮ء
Ҷ㣬СˣʵվƷɣȻǿҲɱҡ
ʯԽսԽðƷɣȻҶһƽ֣Ϲȥ
ϣ
Ȼ֮䣬˵ıݺݵײһ𣬱Ž⣬˵ٴηֿҶֱ˺ü
ʲôȻܳҵĵ֮
ʯЩˣԼĳǵҶгײȻ顣
˵ܶණ޷⡣
Ҷ㲻ܸͣԼɱ¾֮ǰĲûбϣֻҪ޸һ죬
кܶ಻Ϊ֪ܣСˡ
ʯò֮ɫҶ㲻ô򵥣Լ֣ƷɶʰѾЩĸꡣ
˾Ķǵսٻӵ۾ԽԽ󲿷עҶϣƺʶһ㣬ֲʽйԼĵ⣬ٻӡ
ʯŲһ̤ͬһ㣬Ҷݺݵĳûв׾֪Ҷ㲻һƷɡ
ƷѾңƷһԱʵƷܱ⣬Ӧ֮
ͻȻһ磬ǿķŤһɲĶҶֱϯϷɳʯڵסҶߡ
úá
ҶսⰻȻʯˣֵʩչɽһս
ɱ¾
ʮָðͬߣϷ裬ɷǺÿԶİٻӣһ㶡
һʼ˺ҧĶֱӽ飬ʮָԽԽǿ
и
Ҷָһ䣬ٴθıսԴԴϵĹӦӵоҶѱʯ˺ѡ
ǺþϾ̫࣬Ҷ㴦·磬ΪԪȫһȼ
Сӣˣ
ʯҲǸֵرƺһǿķܽػҶĹÿζܱա
Ȼ䣡
ʯƷ˾仯ղŻһֱʵԪǺˮһ׽Ҷû
ܵǿǰԵò԰ԪѻһҲֲƷɵĴ
ȥɣ
˫ֹඥʯϱһǿ⣬ֱӽҶɳȥһεľмʮ֮ң
Ҷ㱻ɣٻĪһʹ֪ΪʲôϣҶ
ǿҶ㳹װΧʯɱﵣµԪٴγҶ˺ѶҶٲ׼ֻܱԪ˺
ʯ¶̵ЦݣƺҶ㱻Լɱĳ
ʯаٻΪҶɵʱһŭͻȻ֡
񣬳֣
ûκεףҶɱͻȻն£ǰԪȻһյش


1541 նɱƷ
ҶΣһ̣ˣֳɱͻȻݺݵն¡
ʽ
֮磬أǰ淨γɵľɱɱ£һͨҶ˳ͨһ˳
ħ壡
ħʯ΢΢һѣǿ񲻹Ҷķѣʯ֡
ûл֪ˣ
Ҷø£һ֣죬ʵ˾仯ر߱ʽƬأϵá
ɽ磬߱ʽսȻδһУǰУҶɨһС
ʽ
ʽ
ʽ

һһУɱȻ𣬵ľǿһͿ
ѹ֮£Ҷƽս֣˫γսȥҶ㻹ռơ
ʯֻζľҶȻɵҶ߱ʽһѾҵһЩɣϾǰƷɡ
Сӣû뵽ôشҲֹСˣ㱳һʲô˵顣
ʯ¶һЦеһͻȻɢâҶٶסˡ

ʯһȣһɹˣҶٶȸȣʯĲ򵥡
Ҳ֤ˣҪкܴѶȣսʤƷɣѾǼޡ
һɹŤֱɳȥҶҲòȥһƷһƷԭͲһȼ
ԶİٻӿǰżԭΪҶһϲԼˡ
ģ
ŤֱӽҶƷɣһѪҶɫ˲ήҡ
Ҷ㱻ԼƷɣʯ¶һ˿пЦһҶ㿿
Ҷ㣬ھڣٻɣ
ÿһʯЦͼһ֣·𿴵ҶѾΪĽ֮ꡣ
ʯһҶûʲô飬ǿվӣɱ¾֮פأάƽ⡣
ղǼʮֻܿʮ֮ңʯ
ϧˣ
Ҷʧȥսٻ̾Ϣһ׼뿪ۿҶ㱻ɱϾǵһԼòˡ
ɣ
ʯܿ͵ҶǰгһɨֱӳҶĲӺȥ
ٻֱס۾ˮ䣬֪ΪʲôǾʹѵΪƿԼɴǸ
ʯң
ҶͻȻһȣֱʯ˫ۣûзӦ˫ֱӳҶ㿴˹ȥ
ͫȱ
ûκεԥҶ㲻ֻܲܿ꣬ܶһˣֻһΣһˣ϶ʯ֮֡
ôһɲǵʱ䣬ʯһ˿ã֮ɫֻǧ֮һĶݣǶҶ˵ԡ
Ҿıըɣ
ʯãһ̣ʹ֮ˣҶͻȻɵ˿УϣðһĢơ
ʮöƷһըһǰУʮöƷиֱǺء
رǲſ̻Ʒ˻ʱʵĺۼмϲ·˻ʱΪ
ڱըһ̣һǿˣֱӺɨȥԶİٻҲ⣬ֱӱƷɳȥ
һӰͻȻɵУٻӾȻﵽ˰벽ɾǿվ֮ϡ
Ҷһû뵽һֱں棬ǰٻӵʱ򣬸¶֮ɫŮΪҲԼһֱϰɡ
ٻ뵽ǿĳҲ⣬˳Ҷ㣬϶ʱ֮ɫ
ϵıըڼû˵ȵը֮Ҷ䵽ϣղսĵطһƬ꣬һյأɽʯľʧ
սһɱӰˣǲϵĲƺû
Ҷߵǰʯ㱻ըѪģֱܷĳ򣬱ը䡣
Ҷ֮ʯ֮¶һ˿ֲ֮ɫôһըУûжܵĿܡ
Уըһ̣ʯȫлߣϧãһ̣Ѿ֮С
ղ˵¹˭ֻһ
ɱ¾ֱ֮Ӳʯಿλûκԥɱϣһ˿˿Ѫ˳ɱ¾֮Ҷֱա
ǲȱİƷɣҶ˵ҲǱֱ֮Уղսģ˲ָ
ԶİٻĬĬעһУûֹҲû˵ƺ˼ʲô
ƷɣȻһƷɵٻǲҪ˼һԼˡ
⻹ɽһֱϵͳ
Ҷĳ֣ƺһδε߸֪һʱ䣬ٻӽҶ̤ɳǵһ̿ʼ͵һ
ƺ͸Ҷˣ˳̫ء
ʯĺܲģһССϰɱˣףҶҲס
ɨսʯĴָղǶҶۿһ
ҶھǷȱܶԴܵõĵͿԽɱ¾֮ɱĳ̶ˡ
һУҶ㽫ʯħֱգܿ컯ΪҽսһƬ֮⣬ʲôҲûˡ
ǰٻĲţҶɱԽ飬ľȻ
ԶԶĿһ۰ٻӣҶû˵չʹ֮ܿ뿪ˣ°ٻһԭء
ɱʯѵġ
ٻӲ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦղ׿ڶԼŵҶɱʯԺظҶ㡣
Ҷʯ֣֮Ҷ㱨𣬵һҲˡ
ȻٻԼοԼ϶Ҷɣˣô졣
ѵԼôһ仰ԸԼ˵
ٻܿת䣬ҶΪβԼ
϶ΪС¸Сȥɱһָʹġ
ٻӺܿжϣҪȥ͵ʱҶʧӰ١
˶ţٻҲܿ뿪ֳָֻһƬƽ飬ɽ缸ÿ춼ᷢ
һʱʱ䣬Ҷ㿴һǣʹ֮ƷܷУһ֪϶𲻱Ҫ鷳
ƲѣŻʹʹ֮
򿪵ͼҶ鿴һԼںδӦýйسǣĶϷ򣬾ͼָʾţʮľ롣
ʱ䣬Ҷ˺ܶ鼮ɽҲһ˽⣬ֻǲףŵҲһţΪڶ̶̰ʱ䣬䵽˶š
ɽĵ̣Ҷ󣬵ƾ򣬾żɣޱ޼ʡ
һ޼ʵĴ󺣣ҲʮɽɳĮԭЩطռݡ
򼸸ǿţҶҲ˽⣬ֱڣңңǼ壬ϼɣ⼸һż塣
ζǳ֮֮࣬ţŵȵȣʤ
壬ǶţëǸ»ҲǳƵܶ壬ʮ죬ͱ
Ҳм壬ʮ걻˲¾ЩС壬Сţǿ棬ֻܹӲлıɽ硣


1542 ڶԹ
ϢһϣڶҶ·ȻɽޱȾ޴󣬵ӵĴֻҪ㹻ɾԴ͵κһط
ϧҶɾޣÿһΣҪöǧöȣϴ˿̻ĲϣҶʣ޼ֻԼ˫ȸ·ˡ
һ·ͣͣ˾ʹһЩҰζ˾ͺһЩϪˮʮʱ䣬Ҷ¶ޣϵĴڽŵĵ̡
滷ɽΧҲܶСŻһЩǣóǳ֮ء
ҪԭҲΪŰ֮ǰһţⷽԲ˺ܶǳأЩСѾٴˡ
ʱǨѾǵǸȻ˿Ķ
Ҷûżȥţܶδ˽˵ԼôóȻǰȥʲôɡ
ŵǰǷڣҶῼǼ룬ǣҶİ취
ҵһҵǣ߻ӣŵĵӾûУŵõĵط
׳ǵҪɳǻҪϺüҶòҵһջһЩɾס˵
Ϊ߻ӣҶڽϿ˺üܶŹ飬Ҳ˸档
ԭɽ㽣ҶӴ֮һı䣬ҪҪӦ
¥ԶǴϢĺȥҹʱ֣ҶҵһȽϷĵضΣһ¥ԶԶȥѾΪ
СʱҶֵһλ˼ʳҪһСƣҶߺȱ߳ԣʶɢܸܿ촫Ķ䡣
ʲôѸӣļҵСϱּį˵ȵȣһЩ޹ؽҪĶ
ûУŸʼֶˣһβ֪Żʲôӡ
ԼԼйŵϢҶϸ
ò²ˣ϶䣬ⶼˣžûӮȥŵĲҵҪˡ
ʵҡҡͷƺϰΪϢѾȤ
ӷڷ֮ҲûеĻԻͣʧҲΪţ̫ϧˣڻʼѹƣһһЩ̡
̾Ϣһƺ֪ܶڷѣҶһѵŵǰǷڣ
˭õʴͻȻ͵ˣҲʹȻҲ²⣬ŪþǻʼΪ
ͻȻǽѹˣǴҶƺкܶ಻Ϊ֪Ķ档
λ̨ˣ
ҶͻȻžƱоƺߵǰʮֹĳƺˡ
ûˡ
˳һҶ㣬ûм˵ˣΪ¥˺ܶ࣬ƴӵ鳣з
СþƣҪλֵܺúõغһ
ҶϽҪþƣֵһЩʳӺܿ챻
һͷˮƺʶҶ㣬ΪͻȻҪ͡
λ̨¾һ
Ҷƺ˵ı֮󣬾ӣǶλһ
ԺĶƱҶһ
һ֮ɫƺʮַҶ㣬ϾҲƷɣɽ²㣬ҪС¡
λ̨ôţֻЩҪǣ漰һЩܡ
Ҷֱ˵⣬ϣһЩŵϢ
ʲô㾡ʰɣֻҪ漰Ȼ֪
ȻҶľƣҲЩ˼
ʵиֵţüûϵˣһֱϵϣղ̸ţ˽һЩŵϢ
Ҷһɣ˵ʲôиֵţǱġ
һΪʲô飬ŵ飬ץһˣܸһ飬ȻֵܶˣҲģ֪Ķ㡣
ҶǴţ˾񣬿Ҳʲôܣ˾֪飬꺢ͯʮ
Ҷ飬ϸϸǽ
˵ţҪһǰ˵ˣǰɲǽţǽзڣɽ磬ǿǶֹ򣬾ҲǺպ
ñȽݵӺһھƣ
˭֪ڰ֮ǰڳһش飬ͻȻУ·ķѣָţһȥлʼڣһš
ƺһƽ飬Ͼ飬ʱ䣬ֵǷз
Ϸڵʧǵµλһǧɣŵ˵ǻʼڵ˵ߣʼڵ˵ŵ˹ɢЩ໥ƴʴԷõ֡
˭Ļģ˭ĻǼٵģûţÿһεķȣǷǳ֣һҪһЩ̣ø֣ЩʼһֱռϷ磬ȥڿ϶ᱻʳ
ƺӸһЩţΪŵĿڱҪһЩ
ʼڳŷʱУͻȻȥŻĿҪʳţѩϼ˪
ԭ󲿷־Ӣʼڵˣ·һǧɣȫʼڳԽڷһԶԶıʼ˦
ЩϢҶǸˣԭǷķѣ´Żʼھʱġ
ΪĻ䣬ʧȥԷֻøš
̸һʱʱ䣬ҶҪߴεľƣǲŽŻлʼڵĶԹ˵
ʼڵлԷʣɽ磬ûһԳԽѾǾƷվɽ۷塣
ŵׯµӣȻʼںܶࡣ
һЩԸߣ׷ѡʼڣԸ˼ţƲӣüҲвһõӡ
Ϊǻʼѹţÿһεķȣʮˣ䣬ͻһƬԴ
һĴò˼꣬ſɽˡ
Ҷ㲻ſڱǺܲЩֵǹʲԷ⣬һֱŹϵĻҵҲˡ
ʼڣٻţȻռޣޣ޵ȵȣǳɫ
ֱҹҶŻصջŴ⣬Ҷ˼
ϰףţ˵мļֵ𣿡
Ҷ㳯վڴ̨ϵϰʵ
ɽ磬ҶҸǿţѰӣȶչţҶ㲢ϤԼǺѡ
ǵӦףһҪɽڵ飬ҶķҶѵĵز
˵㵥ҪҵһӳȻʣҪǴӵҽ㻹ȥ
ϰûиҶĴ𰸣ϣԼȥ֮
˵ĲֻȥԼҲûѹˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȥһŸʼڵķȣһ۹͡
ŵķԽԽеĵطɽµһյأÿʼڶǰ
һʾڶҲǸˣӴԺɽ۷ֻһʼڡ


1543 
ڰ׳Ϣ˰µʱ䣬Ҷÿ򵥵񣬾ǰȣҲ׬˲ɾʱûʲô⡣
Ÿʼ֮ķҪʼˣܶ˷׷ǰɽţʢᡣ
ȻﶼףҲԲҵճһ̲סҪȥ
Ͼһƴغܶ壬ҲԴպܶྭ顣
ÿȣΪɷ
ΪźܶûҵõţˣɷɼŻʣ²ϹŶǿ֧š
𣬻ʼ΢΢ռϷ磬רڷ棬ȻҪʼڡ
ҶֻǽӴɷû˵ˣǿ൱Ҫǰձ֣Ǿǻ
ϴϣҶ뿪׳ǣ˳Źٵſȥ·ϻˣȥۿһεʢᡣ
ҿյϢλʼбƺλᣬ׽ɵڵȥˡ
Ҷǰ棬һߣ粻Ǻܸߣû·ͨߡ
ֻЩӵз޸·ߣɽϲ㣬Ʋ֮ϣܿ޷ɹЩա
ǵģҲἰλʼҪı䷽˺ܶţ׼һγ׵˶ϡ
ܿ˸ͣǶõ˺ܶϢ
ЩϢ˵ҶҲˣλʼ׼ıһ̵ţһһıȥ
˴ʱ䣬ڸϵŵɽ£֮ѡסڰ׳ǣͼŽ
ʱɽ£ɽ˺ƶ֪ʼĿģʢᡣ
εĹģǰʢڣңңǼ壬ϼɣ֮ţ׷ǰϾغĸ֡
һű̲ˣܿͻһһţǾǻʼڣڣϼ
ڵʱңңǼ嶼Ƕ壬Ҳֻ
һһһţԴ϶Ҫ»֣ӻʼĲһΪһţ϶ռط
ںܶȻϣʼƫƫŲǶ֣ܱƽͻ᳹˽ᡣ
ϢҶ㲻֪ϲǣȻŵԼûʲôϵҶɽ磬ǳŷˣ⻹û룬Ҫˡ
ΪҶıȽ磬Ȼһĵطʮֿǰҵһյأֱϥ¡
ȵ죬Ĵ󲿶ӣӦŻģһЩ²
ҹŵĵӾ֣ʳַЩˣȻԶǾǿˣһ
첻ˣҲҪý죬˵׼˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲôֻҪýˣǾ
ÿ˶һҪϣ죬б룬Ҫڵ¡仰͸пˡ
Ҷ㷢һֵ飬ŵĵӣСľȻʮ꣬ʮĵӡ
ȻҶ֪ŵЩûҵʲôõӣˡ
һŵֵزɵķչֻԭ򣬵һ᲻ݻҵڶӵǿ
ܳһԭ򣬶ֵ˵ľ壬ǵľӦñ¼
λӣʳ
һʮҵӣһӣóһʳҶȻţǾǿˣɽ֮Уɽ£ֻҪŵĵ̣Ǿ൱ڽһ
л
ҶԭӣǿһϿ֮ɫûоܾӹʳ
򿪺ӣڷżªʳ͵ʳܶ˽ӹ֮󣬷׷¶Ц֮ɫֱһԡ
ڰгŵįʳôͼĶŵʳҪǿˡ
һʳҶϸʳ֮Ȼ٣ȴһ˿һζС
һ֮Ҷδһ飬ᡣ
ֵʳʱ򣬾Ȼμһ˿⾳档
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫЩ벻ʳŵȷͬš
ųϵ˶ѡûгԣһԣܿߡ
ղ͸Ҷʳ˻ߺӣҶ㽫ʳԵһɶ¶һ˿οĿ⡣
ǰʳ𣿡
ҶδЩ󣬲˼ʵղ⾳δõ
У
ûԥóһӣҶû뿪ĬĬվһԡ
ҶҲ⣬ʳϸϸƷζ⾳ܿٴγ֡
һ˿⾳Ҷϳ֣ЩʳȻԼķΪҶѹ벻Լ˼ʳΪ˲١
ղһֱϸϸƷζ˿ûע⵽һԵķӣϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
λС磬Ҳ
Ҷ㿪ʼྣӸղҶɢ⾳ĲˣҶһǷޡ
ʳȷǷޣԲ֪ʳİء
һķޣҲֻǸоʳóԶѣ᲻⾳Ҷһھ͸оˣʮ𾪡
֮ʳϣҵˣͨʳܵţϣԼ
ϧÿʳַȥ󲿷ֶ˳ˣҲţĵ᲻
ԶһЩ
Ҷûֱ˵ԼֻԶһЩѡ
΢΢һЦҲ⣬ԶһЩܴʳ֮⾳ȻܣǾš
֪Сֵܿţ
ӿʼ£Ҷ㣬ѯҶĵϸҶҲ⣬ôĿľϣһЩõӣرҶ֣ʳ֮Уᵽ˷żҪġ
ʱһˣš
Ҷʵʵ˵ûѣҲûѵıҪ
ҶûţһƺһЩϣ
ҽ³ֱֱӳƺΪ³ҲУ֪ûȤš
ԱȻҶţʮֱӡ
ҶЦһȻµ³ֱĿģû뵽Էֱӡ
һῼǵġ
ҶûֱӴӦȿһ
ãҲǿ㣬ŵƣֻҪӦŵӵ
³ֱҶһöƣֻҪҶӦŵĵˡ
Ҷԥһ£ǽӹƣΪöƣ׽ԼʮƣֻһЩϸЩƫ
ҾͲϢˣһʳȻܣ͸ɡ
³ֱóһʳҶ㣬ֺöʶ˵ǾǱڲʶ˵Ǿ
е⾳Դֻᣬ˳ˣҲţĵװ׵˷һʳ
ҾͲˡ
Ҷûԥֱʳֺûᣬɲܴ
ŵĵӷ׷뿪ɢڵϵʳʰһɶص֮С
һ͵ıӰҶͻȻĪܵһЩ


1544 ŰԵ
һǵĲӦǳϡ
ɽ磬ǰ꣬ҲˣҶʵ䣬ҲСˣֻòʮꡣ
Ҷ֮ǰͻƵ˾кܴĹϵò任ķǳ
ֻǲףŵЩӣΪο˲ɣŵĵҶҲʮ꣬Ҳжʮ꣬һų
Ҳֻŵһ˶Ѱɡ
Ҷ²⣬žΪţÿӦҲеһЩӣֻȽڻʼڣ϶ࡣ
ɽ磬ǶţҲмˣʮˣҶ㿴ģ׺һֻżͨĵӶѡ
һҹʱܿȥɫδ˴ҴҵĸƺǴӺԶĵطǲϣⳡʢᣬһθıֵĴ¡
κţԸϹŴĽ棬ǰ
з׷˷ԴǸѰ·ϵĽݾӽء
صöԴ
ҶѾõööǾףͳƬء
ҪöǺֵļѣЩѾ磬һЩõҶҪǴﵽ۵ľ磬ʸ
յʱ䣬ɽ¾ΪֻܶԶĵطɽΧˮйͨ
˷׷׸ҺҶıȽ磬һλá
Ҫǽ
ȵͣ𽥼٣ѾγһһĴȦмƽĵط˳Ϊ˫ŷȵ
м򣬰ڷżʮŵӣ̻֮ãȻ˫Ǵӷڷȥһ֣϶Ϊ
ǿʼڵˡ
ԶͻȻƷǷһȺŸͷɽ纱ÿһͷޱȣʼڻɡ
żƣʼѾһˣֻϻϿɡ
С˵ӻʼųǵĵѾԸԼϼɳƽˡ
ϾǴӷڷѳȥô¿ʼŴӢڶ̶̰ʱ䣬ʹﵽ˷ڵĸ߶ȣǳĲ򵥡
ûԻʼڵȲˣ׼һɵţ˳ĳΪһš
˸Ÿͣʼڵ˺ܶˣڵȥǷȱľһֻҪ̲ţȥͷ⣬ʼȻһš
ҪﵽһţʮƷڵĻʼѴﵽֹȻ
ʼڵǰҶüͷ΢΢һ壬оǿɱɱƺգ˵ǳ㡣
߲߲
Ҷ㰵˵׶༪ˡ
һܿǰλʼһٶˣʵͶǰƷɣ󲿷ֶǾƷɼ
ˣЩʵСߣѪ
ÿȣһֱɷԼ֪ǲǻء
ʤƣڿ֮ǰ¶עһҪأԴ֮ࡣ
һٶ˰һĿϬɨһȦŵõͷֳɱ⣬ÿһľս
Ҷ⻹ǵһοƾһҶϢˣ޷ϢȻǿƺƬ뵽һ
ʼںɣΣˡ
ܲٴʼͨʮˣɼ˶ʮˣһƷƷʮˣƷˡ
ƷоƷûпˣɽ۷壬һ㲻׵ĳ֡
ܶţͨӶɼһƷΪƷĵƷӢߵƷ
λʼͨӶǾӢ𣬷ǳǿ
ﵽɼǾʥӣ洫֮࣬һƷΪͨʥӣĵƷǾƷʥӣߵƷ洫ʥӡ
ν洫ʥӣҲ˵ǽлʶ洫ʥӣҲһܳһ
ʼ洫ʥǧˣÿҲֻôһܽ磬ü궼һ
ˣһӢˬƵ˭Ҳȥһ
ҹ
ͻȻһʼָͨȺ֮һµӣҶ֪ʲô顣
ָӻͻȻһŵһ£ȥ
ߣŶûС
Ȼ֮䣬ղ˵ľƷ˲ˣֱӳӵǰһץӱᵽ˳С
Ҷԣ׷ʲô飬ʼΪҪԹۿ˷ŭ
ϴڳǶǻʼڣ˵ǿ̻ţǲ¡
ʼһȣȻΪ˵ʼڵţС£ѵɱ֮
ͻȻһƬ֮ɫʱȷʵ˵Ļ˻ʼڵҲŵ˫һԱȣʼڵȷʵţֻĵһ仰Ȼʼڵˡ
ֻʵʵ˵
Ȼ£ʵ˵˳ʱͬƷߵĲ࣬һ۾ֱܷ
ܺã˵ǻʼڵţǵһ͵˵棬ˣӴԺɽֻǻʼһҡ
ʼ˵꣬һ󣬾Ȼӻˣ̫Ե̫̫š
ֳһƬĬ˭뵽ʼ˵ɱ˾ɱˣѵΪԷһ仰
˿ʼ¶֮ɫʼڵ̫ԵˣѾܶ˲ڻʼڵʵû˸ǡ
ǻʼڵ³ԺƵ鷢ӡ
ӵĵȥ֮ǰϻ޾ĳޡ
úݵֶΣʼԽԽԵˣһ̲ţԺ϶ὫСš
˿ʼСֹЩʼޱȰԵ˳߲˭Ҫǲ˼鳣з
ҶŻʼŰԵ˵棬ֱɱˣΪԷ˵һʼڵš
˵ЩСţԼϼɵ˶ЩȥˣʼһɳҰľˣҪһ
ϧޱȾ޴󣬲һʼھͿơ
ռƣ֮ͬУ޵еĴڡ
ΨһܿţѾ˥ֵ֮ĩˡ
űʬ壬ҶͻȻƽ֪˼ʲô
ֻһܿӵʬ崦֮󣬻ʼڵ˷׷£׼Ⱥŵ˵
ԼĪСʱʱ䣬ŵ˴ɽ滺Ҳаҡ
ǿƣȻʼڣȻҲиУֳɱ֮ŵĵϿ
Ҷ㿴˲ӣһҲʢһһĺȻŵĵӡ
ЩȻûеһЩţҲҵ˲ٺõӣϤĵ


1545 ı
ŵ˵ǳֳ֮ͻȻž˫Ľһ
˫վһɹǿɱ˲ɢʼڵ¶ɱ⣬ͬˮߺݺݵĳ
ڷмЩӣǵƺܲסɱѹ
ԶǺþò
ʼһƷ˳ͷ֮˷һЦ֮У
ûһһˣһһѩǰܣԼĶ
ԶҲƷкܸߵĵλһǼְ
˵ĲŵȷҪһ˶ˣ֤˭ǷĴڡ
Τʥһ԰֮ɫǻʼڿǴﵽһŵˮ׼ȻǰķڣҲǺԶˡ
طϻˣʼɣ
ԶԸΤʥĥƤ˫Ѿһ꣬ȷʵи˶ˡ
ִҪȥҪŻŵ·һǧɣ겻˫Ѿͬˮ𣬵Ӽ棬໥ɱ
ȲȻҪ˶ϣ֪ʲôע
ΤʥҲżҪע˵ʼҪһжŵ
ǽԸ
ԶŵĶעѾǳˣЩɾԴʧȥ˿ž޷תˡ
ǻɽ崦𣿡
Τʥ¶Цݣɽ崦ŵһܿɳƷɾܿɳƷƷȵȡ
һӵٶƷɾҲֲһӵƷɾĿΨƷά
Ʒö˵ɽ磬ǳ
ˣɽĿŵĸΪע
ԶȻóΪעһˣԺԴ᳹׶ѣҲ˥䡣
ȱܾô磬ǻʼڣԸһŵĻɽһӮˣЩȻţҪˡٺ١
Τʥ˵¶Ц
ԶԥˣʼھȻóôĶעһǴֱʣӮŷչˡ
Ҫˣʧȥ̣ӴԺֻһ겻
һѵ⣬һǿջһð˥ΣգԶòλ
ǻԥڼһǧöƷɵһǧöƷ鵤һǧöƷΡ
ŵԥΤʥٴδĺȵȻóǧöּƷҩ
һöƷҩһƷɣһǧöǿһǧˡ
ڼϹ鵤Ʒ£һȼڼӳϡУӳ˵ϴ跥ëı˵ʡ
ǧöҩȺһ䶯ʼڱصˣȻҲ˴ֱʡ
ֻȲʤȯʼڲô˵棬óһǧöƷҩ
ԥ²˶Ϊ˻ʼڣ˼óôĳ⣬ڲҶģǵˣˡ
ãǶˣ
һžһѣӮˣ˫᱾ĩãҲŻһҹ֮
˫ʵǺ⣬ҲŽ̡ܷ
ʷսһֱƣرʮֻ꣬ӮһΣʧܽ
ŵ˴ӦΤʥͻȻ¶Цݣ˿ЦʮֹŹ֣ƺһֵóѵζ
һҶ㶼˻ʼڵȦףǿ϶бǳλᣬš
ȻҶ˫ûʲôϸ𣬵ǴӻʼڵҶţ¹䡣
Ȼˣ˫ǩְɣ
ΤʥóһŻõĵͼд֣ǹһεĶע
Զһ飬עû⣬Լе˲׻ʼں«ʲôҩóôԴΪע
ԶǶʤƣЩϹŶҲһμӣǻСŲμӣʤƣҲø˲
ΤʥͻȻı˱궼ɷƴ棬һֱռơ
ŵ㣬ΪƲӵԭĵӶһĲǺԺѿ̻߼
ȻΤʥôһ˵Զ￩һ£Ȼ˶ԷȦס
Ĺؾ͸ģǰĹʤơ
ԶֱӾܾˣҪ峡Ǳſ϶ĺܲҡ
ѵʼգʱ̶ڱ䣬ҲҸղдúԼûѡ
ΤʥЦݳױ©ָָղ˫ǩԼƺèԼ档
żóղ˫ǩԼûʲôһҪԷٳ룬һһݣ˭Ҳ˼١
Ǻܿ죬ԶɫͻȻڹҪϣмͻȻһ£ԭֱ֣ȻʼԼֽš
ǾȻԼֽţ
ԶɫʮѿŵڻҪ֣Ǳ䣬ﻹӮÿܡ
ܺܿ촫֮˷ʲô飬ѹֻʼаգóһǧƷҩ
ԭ׼ֻҪŴӦƴʼھͱӮ
ʼ̫ˡ
ҶһС˵ʼںȻ˿ӣԼֽš
ˣ󲿷۶ǻʼڣ̫δǷȱˣʼһҲֻĬϡ
ʼںܶʱ򣬶ԱɵֶΣЩС壬߶Ϊǵĸӹÿ깱Դ
ճ飬Ҳ֮УȻʼб϶ûаյ̡
˵ЩˣҶ϶ЩƲʼڣõһȣȻı
ԶѵǲҶˣˣǾҪˡ
Զɫ࣬Τʥ˵һ䡣
ʼߣЩƷӣĦȭƣ׼ݺݵһš
ǻǲɣȾͱȣ˭˭
̲סˣˣı϶ܣҲһ߻ᡣ
ΤʥıżˣȻǶɳӳɡ
ԶһеķŭѹȥڸԷƽϣ𲻵κεã⵽ĳЦ
ܺãе˼
ԶӦΤʥ¶Ц⣬һ֣߳ƷɣһֻҪɾĸ֡
ԶղһȴˣΪֻʤƣֻ̻һţҲǾƷɡ
Ȼﵽ˾ƷǸʼڵȣһϣ϶ϳ̫ࡣ
һûıϻƷϾܿűɡ
׽⣬֪˭ãǵûʼڵ˷һЦ
ûˣ߻в٣òýǼ
ʼһһƷЦǿǴʮɣһһ


1546 
Իʼ߲ϵĳЦѡˡ
ƷɣһƷɣϷĲʼߣ̫ˡ
ʮ˺ܿߵǰӵλãվ׼ƴ
껹һ뼸λԪϣһ
ÿȣɽ¸صļλǰΪ굱ȻҲ⡣
ܿ죬Ⱥ֮У߳λߣһɷǣ͵˴֮ǺܸȤ
ǸȤǷϣķš
λǰ
ΤʥȳǰʩһˣǾƷκһţᶨԲƫ̻κһ
һŵĸ֣һĿľǱ֤Ĺԡ
ٸ˲ˣǼ֤˫ȶļ֤ˡ
ߣ߽η϶ǣģĽΪ
ɽһ棬ֵܣʵǣǲֵܣֻСʱһ𳤴һͬ㡣
Ⱥ֮Уܿ߳һٶˣ˫ĸ֣ڵĸ֣ϼɵĸ֣ңңǼ壬֮ŵȵȣ˸ϵ
Ϊ߲ãҲзȨλߵжϣ˭һ
ȻʼǰˣıǴһǱȽڴţÿĴȣǣܶ˵񾭣ܼɽܶϹŶһ
ҶͻȻһȻһϤӰӣٻӾȻҲˣ֮ŵһҲ˱߲õλãΪļα֮һ
ٻûע⵽Ҷ㣬ϾˣҶ㲻Ⱥ֮һϸСӰӰˣôٻӵע⡣
ٻһ֣ܶӶҪһðٻӵݡ
ǿ쿴ٻΪλ˷ɫɴ
˷ְٻӲһˣȻ˷ɫɴɫкܴ
㻹֪֮ŵŮӣһͻ滻ɫ˼Ѿˡ
˺ܿͣٻӿ϶ˣŻɴ
ⲻܰɣ԰ٻӵĲò˭ǻ֮ϣļ̳ˣһǻת
˲ţⶼüˣſҪһݣܾôôˡ
һ֮ǰİٻɡ
˺ܿἰ֮ÿ궼һΰٻᣬȻμӵĶһЩƷˣٻҲ֣ٻעģ϶ָ
˵һ֮ǰİٻһһСӶã˵еǸˣ᲻ĸСӡ
ٻܶȻûвμӣǶյϢһһСõˡ
Ŀע֮£߲Ҳ׷ãֻȷʽʼ
Կʼˣ
η˿һ˫Կʽʼһ֣ʤֵΪӮǷ֮
ǰһȫӮǺֿԲüȥˣǰ˱

߳һӣʮ꣬Ȼﵽ˾Ʒɵĵزһվһǰ
һõţϣȡһź졣

ʼߣܿҲ̤һӰа˼Դ֮УߣҲͣΡ
˫վǵ֮У¶ǿս⣬һҪԺıһѹ
ȡÿź죬ڶ־ͼ࣬Ҫǵһˣڶֽǳļѡ
ҲΪεһϳԭϣѹһ¶֡
ĿתĶˣȻڳ󲿷ֶɾѿ𣬵ⳡȶһƴŵĽ档
Ϊǣŵˣˣм˸һᣬ䲻
ó̻ĶвϣҪԱ̻ʲôԣƷʡ
ƴĵȼߵͣƷʣͬȶƴƷס
һƷɣ̻ƷһʤƷɿ̻ƷΪ·ص϶ȡ
е㲻ͬԪ似壬˭ľԽߣȻԽǿ
һʵȣ˭ķĸ࣬Ȼǿߡ
ڷֽ̻һ·ÿһ·ƺȻɣŵĶš
˶ס˺Ҵһ£´˵Ľࡣ
رߣ˵Ķˣһò£ʣµıǰˡ
ߣгһ죬±絶׷׵ͷɽԽԽ٣ܿţʮο
ȣ
ͻȻһȣһ·ԾȻֽϣһöƷ֣·ͬһڶһö
ֺöͣ׷ȵȣԣҪݿ̻ʲôԡ
һ̣˼ԴҲ֮һӰͻȻڿնҪ忪ֽʡ
ӰΣ
˷һЩţ˼ԴȻ̻ӽɷĴڡ
ɷǿǻԻΪɺףҲԻΪ޵ȵȣΪһܰԼսֱĪ⡣
ղһӰȻгΪɷǱˣͻȻðӰͻȻһӰ
ΧȻҲкܶŵĵӣĶˣغŽˣ׷װӮ˽Ĵȣпһɨǰܣ˲
Ʋ֮ϣׯ¶һ˿֮ɫǿգָȻڼʲô
λ콵ǣӦþѵҼˣ
ׯ֮Уһ˿أŵδͷҴиǽ٣Ϊڻںδ
ڽеһּ
СĽ̻õ͵ߵǰμ
Ҽ˼Դ츳߼ʮϸ
ηó˷Ŵ󾵣ϸĹۿģΪǶϸĹۿһ߹ۿƵƵͷ
һ˿ھ⾳ǲɶú÷Ʒ
ηλΪƷϼƷ
ǱߵҲܿ˼Դۣ·һ˿·ӷӰΣϺ÷ٽһǼƷϧ뼫Ʒһ֮
Ʒ׻ϣ࣬һЩϸڣܿһЩͬһܿ˽
һ¸ķʮ˷֣˼ԴȻ˾ʮ˵˵ķ߳˷֡
˵ķһս߲ҲҪжϣһֵľȨ߲øһ͸һֻķӮõһ
һٶ߲ãܿ콫öϸĹ۲һ飬ųкܶƫʼڣҲƫţҲ֮١
һٶǸ֣˭Ҳһֻʼȡ˿ź졣
ЩԽܣǰۣϧյĽ޷ı䣬þǺãŵҲǷ֣һ۾֮ܿ΢Ĳࡣ


1547 صǳ
һͻȻܱһӰ˸оһŴʯѹͷϣ޷
ˣǽıȶνУһ֣ûκϣӮûʼˡ
棬ʼӮõһ֣ʼף·Ӯʤһ㡣
ԶȰ㻹ǹԹԵķɣڱȥҲԳ裬ҿ˵õˡ
ΤʥЦų֮ɫһŭĿӡ
ȶδԷǲǻ˵㡣
ԶȻϲܣѾʼ¶֮ɫΤʥ˵ûõţˣıô졣
еڶ֣
η˵һ䣬Ϊʱ䣬Ҫ֮ǰֱȫ
ϣ
߳һˣ߳ʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
Һ¥һǻʼڣ
Ӵ֣վǰָʼڣһ֮ɫ
㲻ɣ
ӻʼߣҲһˣ־Ϊٰ˼Դ֮¡
վ֮ûκεԥʼٵĿֵ̻ˣ¥ȻڷֽϺͿѻô¡
飬˴۾׷վӣѵ¥ÿ̻
¥ʲô
ԶͻȻһȣڳ˶ĤʹҶҲ⣬ǿֱӲÿһˡ
Զʲôδʲô
Τʥ˵ˣһεԶ⵽ˣ֮һײ
Ŀע֮£¥̻ˣ滭߰㣬һɽˮһҲ
ʮ֮־Ҳ̻ȻûгַӰΣƷ׾Բ
Զɱһź¥ŵӣֱӶ㵽˻ʼǱߡ
ͻһֲ¥Ȼʼˣһ˻ʼڡ
úúã㾹Ȼͽ
ԶɵҲʲô飬¥ղӧԭǻʼڰߣͱˡ
ԲˣߴߣڼҲֻǰһõĿɽѡ
¥ﻹЩˣûкڵˣˣҲⲻ˱ʳĽǰ˳˻ʼڡ
ıһλãȻͽܱõöࡣ
ܺãʮ꣬Ȼڹؼʱ򵹸һ
ԶٺõĶҲʼֲסһѪûʼڣȻԼŵˣһͽ
Ĳ˭Ҳû뵽˿ʼΪϧµ˭ҲˣڶֲжϣȻǻʼӮ
֣֪֮ûͽڳһͽŽ᳹ķȡ
ԶҪһƻɱ¥ϧԷһֱڻʼں棬λѾ޷֡
Ŀ⳯ʣµ˿˹ȥǿѹˣ֮ɼܳܣĴʹ˸Ϣ
Զŭ˺ȻҲڼ飬Ȼ룬Լ
ϧЩѾѡõͨˣѾҲǸõģֻ֣ҪһķȾ㳹׽ˡ
ֻǷȽ˲ҪǣŽˣû뵽ʼ˱ɣԼֽţ˶֡
ۣκλᣬǩԼһעûκη̵Ļˡ
ԶԥʲôϿе֡
ΤʥһŪ֮ɫڿԽų̲ʧȥ˻Ժֻ˥ܡ
ʼֻҪЩ֦Ȼкܶ˼ʼڣӶ뿪š
ʱûʼԼ֣ҲѣʧʼһпνǺ
ʱĻʼڣѾȲˣϣϽںݺݵһ
Զһ֣ʼźõ˱滻ȥ϶ڼ飬ϳżʤˡ
˭Ըս
ԶʮʵЩоƷɣǴ󲿷ֶǰƷڷһϣԶԶ
ʮ˵ͷĬǲһݣ˭Ҳϳ
ŵͷʮˣԶһθоһһִĵУƷȻޱá
˿ãʼ߲ϵķЦ̼ŵһŭĿӣȴ޿κΡ
ɣ
ֳƽƷһŭ˭˵Щۿ˶׷ױտڣҴڴ
ʱһˣǴŵ֣߳Ǵӹۿ򴫹
ܿ죬һӰ߳ʮ꣬ÿĿǣĲǺܸߴȴͦΰ
ʵıһͨ˳˳΢΢֮⣬ӵȺ֮Уᱻ˷֡
ϸȥζζ˵壬·ÿһһ
ֻĸֲֻܷ֣Ȼһĸоƺ˺һǶ׷Ŀꡣ
ٲ룬ӰܿߵԶԶȳԶʩһ
Ҷ㣬ݼλǰ
߳Ҷ㣬֪ΪΣ䣬ˣԺô죬ȥδӣҶ㶼Ҫһѡ
һǴӦ˹ףڶǰǷڣȥˣҶҲҪţȷѡ
ǣ
ԶһãȻ֮ɫƷɣͨŵӣֶǣԶѹûˡ
ǽżŵӣơ
ҶԼż룬ó³ֱơ
ղ˵Ҫԣ
һƣԶҶ㣬ȷŵм١
ûŴΣͷϣܾౡ֮
Ҷ㲻ԣƷշ磬
ʱ߲λãһ˫ĿסҶ㣬ֻǲףҶΪγ벻Ҷŵĵӣǽһ롣
аջܻʼڣ
Զޱãȴ֪ΪʲôҶϣһ˿ϣѵǴҲΪҶһζ
ɣ
Ҷ򵥵ıһ֣ɵİջܻʼڡ
ȻܵͣԶǾ㹻ˣΪˣһɵĻᶼûС
ôĿһССƷɣȻ˵ɵİջܻʼڣЦˣϽȥ
һƷ˵ˣΪҶں֣Ʒɶ˵οһƷɡ
кʵѡȻ˳
Ҷ㿴һԷԼҲκˣġ
Ȼﻹѡʣµʮˣһֻı鿴Ҷ㣬ͷˡ
ֻҪ˵ǽҲñڹˡ
ƾʲô㣬Ҳǻʼļϸء
ǴŻ֮ɫΪǰ֮ǱҪ
Ǽϸǻеѡ𣿡
ҶȻֵЦݣԼǼϸΣ˿ˡ


1548 
Ҷ̬ȣԶһ
򶨣ͨղ־鿴һҶ㣬峺ûһ˿۵㡣
ôܸһϸΥĵ顣
ãҸһλᣬǼϸ֪
ԶͻȻӦҶ㣬ϴεӣֻҪҶǼϸ϶һʱɱ
лǰȫ
Ҷ㳯Զʩһ˹ȥȻ
ԶǾûˣҲɳһƷɳɡ
ʼǱڴЦҶľ磬ڿʵ޻װ˸оһʵڸؤȸС
ΤʥδԼûд涨ʲôμӰɡ
ԶȻûףϻǱǿӲķ񣬴粽á
ߣһῴô
Τʥûм˵һܼ˭Ӯ˭䣬ʱŻǵǰġ
Сӣ㣬̽ô̻˿ɱޱӣֱӻؼҼȥɡ
ʼڳĵ˽н𺣣ͬǾƷɣʵǿ츳
ղҪսȴԶסˣѾһһ˿覴ãóȻȥĸ졣
ĥƤӣȱ죬Ϊĸ֣ǲмƤȥˣǿֶΣ֡
Ҷ㼥˵һ䣬˿һﲻ֣Ľ𺣲㱩ŭıʣַ˻ȥ׼Ҷ֡
һ˵ԴǣҶ˼ܼ򵥣ֵ¼£֡
˰ͷһΪҶȲʣڶǿʼڳԱ
ٻӵĿ⣬Ҷ֮󣬾û뿪壬һֱעӣһϸСĶٻӼ¼ڻ꺣֮С
Сӣһ֪ˣô
һеķŭѹȥûм˵ʼ׼ϡ
ҶóһЩϣϣʮͨ𺣵Ĳȣֱһһ¡
ñһÿƽָһͭ졣
ˣղûûкõĲϡ
ԶһҲʼ򶨣һƷɣʲôõԴ
̻ĲϵȼԽߣγɵȻҲԽߣǳɶԱȵġ
һԽƳıҲԽߡ
ڸҶͿ̻ѾˣѾʼ
Ҷó͵ȵĲϣʼǱѾ˴Ц˵ǣЩֵˣ¶Ц֮ɫ
С̫ˣȻüʯͷⲻѰ·𡣡
ԶһΪҶԼ
ԽԽ࣬ܵЦгҶ޶ãĥĥôĴ飬ᴿᴿÿһ򣬶ǳϸ
ΪϵǷȱⳡӼҶĺʤ֮ġ
ҶһֱûзӵõһöʼҶͽԵ֣ӴҲѲ
ȵ𺣿ʼ̻ҶĲϲ׼ĲˣһЩϺܳĲϣκε̶򵽡
Ҳ֣Ҷ󲿷ֲ϶ǴģǴֻɫ˶õ
ܶ˿̻ҪĲϼ̣ǳϸ񣬺ܶණҪԼȥɼϸ򲻵
𺣺ܶϾˣ޷õϡбƷʣδȣҶڲϣһ
ĸʱһ棬ԷĲռ˾󲿷֣ռ˾ųɡ
츳ȻĲϣҲ̻
츳֮ȻϣҲܻΪ档
óıʣҶ㲢ûó˻ʱʣһֱͨĿ̻õıʷ档
ָһ㣬Ҷ֮ϣһ㵭ɣ˫ƶƺĳĽϡ
ԶͻȻһ·𿴵ʲôסҶ㡣
ˮһ˿೾·ƬأҶΧһƬյĵشκη򣬶ҶĽŲƶ
ʮ֮ԶһĶסҶ㣬ЩţԼȻ˷
ҶΧһ·֣ϣֱ裬һԾȻֽϣȻɡ
ⲻǿ̻Ҷڽ֮е·ȻȻ뵽ֽ֮ϰˣһȻİ˹
֮һЩ·ᵽ˷ֽ֮ϣֶΣѾݣֻвشˣı¡
Ҷ㲻ƷɣܲڳǾƷҲ˵ǲش
ʼҲ֣ܶҶΧı仯֮֮У¶һ˿ɱ⡣
ǺܿǿҲƷɣ̻ҲƷֻҪ̻Ʒһֻʼڱʤɡ
ʱһһĹȥ˶ɴ˫ۣϲϵɨϣܿһЩ
ߵ˫֮ܿһЩߣ󲿷ʱ䣬˵ĿⶼҲҶ㣬η˴û뿪
С˭Ϊδûм
˿ʼҶ㣬ȫ鲻һ˿ͷ
ǲųʶҶ㣬ҵ죬ҵ䣬˿Ҳڳ⣬Ҷ֮󣬶¶ŨŨɱ⡣
Ҷ㣬ٻǿ϶лʱԸٻһλ
еĺ¶Ҷˣû뵽Ȼʱѡţɱôˡ
Сʱʱ䣬𺣵Ƚ𺣶һֿĺҪһ˿һĴ⡣
ڽ𺣽ãҶĺıͻȻһ仯һĺˣĳҶǰ
ɷ
˷ɷס
ⲻܣֻһӰѣӰΣɷƷɣô̻ܿɷ
ֱӷղŵĺ˼ԴķӰֻ֮ҶӰ˼ԴֻʾһӰӡ
⾰󳹵ˣ˵ЩˣԶԭأû뵽˷ӰΣǿɺ׷
²Žɶ޷ɣҶϻĳˡ
ʮֹĽҶң˵һԣĵȺ
ߣĹۿҶ֮󣬶֣óŴ󾵣ϵĲ鿴
ʼʱֻηóŴ󾵣ܿҲ⣬һҶ
˲ðƷɿ̻ӽƷ
Ƿһ̾ȴܴÿһ˵Ķ˻һЩš
ܶţԽ̻ӽ̫쾹Ȼĳˡ
ѵõǼƷ
˷ûпƷˣȻ쿴ͨҲǼƷ
ҪЩãϷ򶼿
Ϊ˵ˣôĥ㲻ҶδЩϵģֱ֮ʡ
˲ϵֱ̾Ӱѽ𺣵һԣȫˣ˴۾Ҷ̻һöʲô
򵥵Ĳϣ̻Ʒգհ
ۺӣյþƷһöƷò˳ˡ


1549 𾪵
оһյʱ䣬ŽҶ£ʼ𺣵
һ˼򵥵һ䣬ܿ˴𰸡
˵ĶˣرԶڶĲһƷȥμӱȶ
һҪӮ
ٻͻȻȭȻʼϣҶҪӮ±
ôˣ
֮ӵı仯æʵ
û£Щʣ
ٻӸϽ飬Ŀ
Ŀע֮£ϸͬķҶȻʮ֣֣޿ޡ
𺣵ð˵ŷ֣ǳĸˣǸҶȣ̫ࡣ
һٷ֣ϻĵĽһٷ͸Ҷ㡣
ΪһǼƷһƷ̫ˣҶڲ̫̫࣬࣬һȼϵĽ
Ҷõ֣߿ʼڱ߲õķѾҪˣһȫ˽𺣣Ҷһʤһ֡
Ҫһ飬б߲öϸоҶ̻һ㵢һʱʱ䡣
ٻʱ򣬰ٻϸĴһ£ƺҶ档
Ҷ㵥ദһϣҶϵʮһģöܸҶ˵⾳
СӾȻƭң滹ôܡ
ٻҧҧ˿֪߻֮
ôˣΪκüͻȻʧ񣿡
֮ͻȻ˵ٻӵĻ˻һ𣬸Ͻһˡ
߲õһ϶ҶöϼƷƷʣϲʮͨѵã⣬أһȫ͸Ҷ㡣
һ̣߻ˣڰһ֡
һףҲţһССƷɣ̻ܿƷ
ͻȻһУΤʥʾ֮£ɲео
ǵо
֪ܲܵΤʥָʾɫ˲ɽ磬һﵽ۷壬ǷǻˣҪͿ
λǰҪŭ££Ʒɿ̻Ʒȷʵ˼ά뷨Ҳ
ʱΤʥ˵ˣϺˡ
Լɣ
ηӵΤʥҲǷ֣Ȼһ۷ֱû
Ҷ̻Τʥ˼һ£ƷķǧǧʲôǺãʲôǻȻһ۾ֱܷ
Ŀ֮£Τʥ٣ȻѽܣǴбһɱֱҶ㡣
ֻʼڿ϶չ٣õŵһжŵճ
ˣ׼ְɣ
Τʥûзη˵ֽŰһ֡
ҶѾԶټ˻ȥ෽֪³ֱ֮
ΪˣԶֱӰ³ֱ˳λãŵһֻɾĳϣ
Ҷ㣬㻹а𣿡
ԶѻһҲıɫٻҶ㣬һűɡ
Ӿɣ
Ҷ㻹ǲԣ¶Ǵ֮Ȼһǫǫģ
ãľֻ
ԶƺϣȻӮ½𺣣һӦⲻ󣬻ʼѡˣࡣ

Ҷ㹰˵һߣ׼ֵǰڹ
Զ㾹ȻһⲻϹء
ĳҶ֣Τʥŵһ˿ζɲҶ̻
ҲţССƷɣ̻ܿ˾ķƼƷеļƷ
ΤʥЩǽֻҶ֣ǻʼڲռκεƣʼڷǿ̻ܿƷ֮١
УҲţʱϿ϶ˡ
̸أ㲻һЦ𣿡
Լֽţıǵĵӣڸ̸أֱǿЦ㲻ұˣǾӮýķȣҪǲģԼȥڹ˵㡣
Ҷһ֣ԶҲͦʼףڿԴˣзơ
ԶĻ˵û̸ʲôأǻʼڼ쾡£Ķˣǲ쿪ˣҶ
ʼƿԣǩԼ¼ڸı϶ˣȻҲᱻʼǣűߡ
ҶѾߵǰ׼֣һԶѪ˲϶ѹ˹Ҷѡ
õĻûõģҶͳͳȡ˿ĺûɲࡣ
Զ޲ҶҪֻҪҶҪ֤аգԴŻкֻܶ࣬ҪӮ½ȣʲôԴԺûС
ˣѹһҲһԴǱҶ㡣
Ҷһ̰ģֱӷ˰ۣҶ㼸ûôԴһ
ʵǻĲ¶ˣҶӽɽ磬ʲôʱôԴһֱһлһǽǽ
˼Դжİգ
ΤʥͻȻ˼Դе˸ǰ֮У˼Դۺʵǿ츳ߣȻҲӮ
ʮɣ
˼Դʮֿ϶˵֮У¶Ĺâ
ãȥɣ
Τʥİ˼Դļ򣬵һӮ˼ԴƺʢûӮһһԽˡ
˼Դٴγһͷˮƺŵıζȴ֪ıʲôط
ҶоˣӰ˼Դϣŵһɱɱ
岽룬˼ԴѡҶһӿ̻
ʼɣ
η˵һ䣬ʾ˿Կʼˣеֵıȶ
Ҷóܶϣϸϸֱ棬ֽ⣬ҪԼôֵĲϲ֪١
˼ԴҲʼĥ񲻾ǳҶƲ
һյʱ䣬˽ǰڵĹȫϣʼ̻
ҶûлıʣԼͨıʷ棬ʲôʲҪҪǿ̻ˡ
Ϊ֧һֱóȻʣ϶Ӧ
ϿԸʷ治ܻǿ̻
Ҷ㻹ˮ˶סˣƮݵˣıʷڿյƣҶһϡ
ٻӵĿסҶ㣬ʼգҶ㶼ûпһۡ
˵ҶûпٻӲţԼ˱߲õλã˶עӵõƫƫҶһֱԼ߿
ҶٶԽԽ죬˷˼ĳ̶ȣο̻ķ任ˣǸղ⡣
пŵп֣ÿ̻˶ҶȻĲ
ˣֻܿҶ㻪Ľŷʲôŵ
һöö·ӡڷֽ֮ϣǼƷֽ֮󣬷⣬ͬһڿյĽ
Ưֻ˲ܻƵ⣡
˷֮̾ȻҲ̻ǸҶȣԶ
Ҷ۾ʱͻȻһ֣Ӱ˼Դķ˹
ȥɣ
˼ԴͻȻһҶǰغݺݵĴޱȡ


1550 һ
˭뵽ҶҪöʱ򣬰˼ԴͻȻѣҶȻ֡
ҶǾƷɣ˼Դ϶ôΪûһɵİտԵɱҶ㡣
ҶֻƷɣʼѾǽһˣҲҪնɱҶ㣬˼Դûô̻öĿģɱҶ㡣
˼ԴͻȻ֣˴һҪѾˣֻ岽ң֣Ҳ˰ġ
ޱȣԶһӣֱҪտռ䣬ֹ˼ԴɱҶ㣬ϧһ˼ԴĳҶǰش
Ⱥ֮Уʱһ󾪺ͻһֲ
ʼڽ겻䣬һˣҪһǧöƷҩ
ע̫󣬲һԻʼڻȥˡ
ֻҪҶһһ±ʼڻǱʤɡ
ٻͻȻһͺСסͣĿŰ˼Դĳ̽Ҷ֮С
ע֮£˼ԴĳҶ㴩һ͸
һ̣ʱ·ֹˣ϶¶һ˿֮ɫʼȻЩ񹲷ˡ
û˵ĿһУŵˣԶҲ⣬òҵ˷̵Ļᣬȴʼڴһֲ
ֵˣ˼Դĳ͸Ҷ壬ȻûѪðǳĹ졣
ɱңǲǻ̫Щ
һһҶˣޱȣ·ֱ֮һ
⡭
˶ˣ˼ԴеҶһѣȻһӰ
ҶûͻȻ߲λãٻӾȻϲݺݵĵһҶ㡣
ԶۿˣҲʲô飬ǿҶ㱻˼ԴһɱΪֳˡ
ֻҶһ˼ԴʱҶͷˣ˼ԴҪնɱԼԴһʼҶͼ
÷߿̻˼Դֵһ̣룬˼ԴеֻǷѡ
ô֪Ҫɱ㡣
˼ԴҲɵȻҶ֪Լ׼һֻɱǰ׼
̫ˣһôͼıʲôڶôأɱй¶ĥʱʼ۽ǾͿΣЩƾǸɵӣҲֳܷ˰ɡ
˼ԴҪɱҶ㣬˵ǷǳͻȻ
Ҷ˵֮УԲ֡
Ҷôһ˵˼ԴϺһһû뵽ԼþƷɣһƷɶûɱղŻºڣʮɵİջɱҶ㡣
ʧȥλᣬɱҶ㣬ˣһſ϶һ׼Ҷ㱣
ΤʥĶܵˮһֱСҶ㣬ôϸСϸڣֵһ
Ҷôķ˷׷׵ͷƷɶ޷ɡ
һƷɵǣʱҪ⵽ɱҶ㲻ţھ۾Ŀ̻ݶݾúܶ˳Ĭˡ
Ϊ˼ԴɱҶ㣬ֻһ룬ҶȻûгɣҲﵽƷĳ̶ȣĳٴӮñ
Ҷصʱų׻ҶΧм䣬׷׼塣
һһŽ᳹üĶԹһ˽ᡣ
Ҷ㣬һ֣һԱ㣬ڸκεĻᡣ
ԶҶһҪػҶߣƷҪֶˡ
лǰ
Ҷ㻹ʮָмһʼĹǽ֣ԼʮҲһɱ
Ϣһᣬ׼һ
ֻҪҶ㲻Žķȣܷ̣֣ڰ֣ϳϷ绯ı֡
żǻʼˣ˾ۼһһڵǰ˸ֶΣΪɱһҶ㣬еļƻ
ǱҶһ֣ľûܽɱʤӿʼбȻһʼʤǳС
ϸղŰ˼Դ͵ϮҶ㣬ʮֲˣԻʼкܴų⣬ӿöƷ֮϶Ҷϧĸо
һ֣ҲҶʲô֡
ΤʥҲɵӣȻ֪һֻɱҶ㲻ˣɫĿ¡
˼ԴԴĴһԣ˵ɱҶ㣬ǹڲûɱݾߣˡ
ڶѱĺ¥˿ɫɷף϶ű䣬Ͷʼڡ
Ӯˣʼˣô죬ԺʼįĿ϶ǻʼڣţⲻԼʯͷԼĽ
ʵһж⣬Ǻ¥ѱ䣬ҶҲ֣Ѿеı
һжʹȻҶ㲻ϣķʽ
һۣܶΧ˶ľ֣ųϵ˶ѺʼӮֻһɵѺӮ
ʮֿɹۣһɵ˽׬
׼һ֣
ηһֿʼѾϦʱ䲻ˣҪķȡ
ҶԶı֮£վһǰܵĿռ䣬Զסˣһз紵ݶԶܸӦжϡ
ʼڵ֪ȥһͷɥʱȣȫ֮
ɫѿĽ֣κ˶ԽܣҪոʤĹʵȴնϡ
ʼһϳĽлʯ֣Ҳһ֣ǻʼѹ׵ĵƣҲ̻ɹƷ
ָʷǳĵͣʱһҲ޷̻һţһжҪʱ˺͡
˫ܿ׼ó׼õԴʼĥѡᴿ
Ҷ㲻лʯϸܵһǿѹԷһ֡
֣һ֣һݲһ˿֮ġ
һ˫̻ƷͿ˭ĵȼߣҶ㲻ռκεơ
Ҷ̻ƷӼƷȻлʯֿ̻ƷƷҲҶ㡣
ҶĶԶƵƵͷҶڷһ;Ȼ̵оͣҺţš
һʼڣǺ롣
ǰ䷨𣿡
ҶͻȻԶʵ
Сţ˶ᣬҪʲô
Զһɻ֮ɫΪҶҪ
һҪһǲϣ˿ɱܵľҵķ濴ʮͨһ
Ҷ׼˻ʱʣһ֣Ҫȫ£ΪղԼелʯƺͻƵļһ̻ɼɷҶӮһ
ѣɱϵĸйʶ
Զʵ˵ϾǾƷֻһ֮ңҪɱǣƺܡ
Ӧò𴩣ǰʩΪɣ
֮Уûһ˿̰ɫҶȻ֪ϲһȥ
ȻֵҲͬôֵ꣬ܣȴʤֵܣҪôػ
ã
ԶҲ֪ҶҪʲô֧֡
ͻȻһֵĲҶ֪Զı˷


1551 ŷ
ܵܿռı仯Ҷ㲻ҳɣֱӼ˻ʱʣһӣһϲķĳˡ
˻ʱʳֵһ̣ԶһƺܵһǿϢ
Ȼ˻ʱķȱپųϣϾһʥտǣǳĿɲ
Ҳֻһɲǣ˻ʱʺܿʧԶ׷¶֮ɫղԶͻȻŪһ۷ǻܺ档
ԭڸҶıԸ֪˵ľ磬ǿһЩߡ
˻ʱʱҶʣµ·ͨĺıʴ棬Ƿֽһϲ·Զ΢΢
һŷ̻ǷﵽʲôЧв˰ɡ
ٴŲһ磬趯Ҷ㼸ʩչ˻
һҪΪлʯָղͻƵ˰벽ɾûʼ¿ʼ
лʯֿ̻ɷҶ̻ٺãҲǱɡ
ǻʼڻţСһδα̼˭Ӯ½ıֻܿؼһˡ
ʱһһйȥ˶ס˺һ۷ʢ硣
ٷޣﵽĸ߶ȣϧΪ츳ޣ޷Ϊķš
һʱտҪɽʱڽβ
Ƚлʯ֣֮ϣʱ˵Ĺע
ɷȻĳɷ
лʯͻư벽ɾܶ˶һлʯĿ̻ɷżʤˡ
ܵļµʼ˻ˣҶ츳ڸߣһҲɡ
޵ܿص˷֮Уֻһš
лʯֵ϶ʱһ˿į֮ɫɷһ֮ңȻǼƷ
ǼƷӮҶ㹻ˣҶҲǼƷ˫˭ķߣȻлʯֳҶ̫ࡣ
лʯֿ̻ƷԶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˵ԶԼһ׷׳ҶͶȵһ֣ϣҶתս֡
ܼеҶ޶ãķδɣڲϵĵ꺣֮Уɢ⣬Щӡǡ
֮壬֮֮֮꣬
Ҷ￪ʼΧһɫʻķģڻԾţһööġ
ϵ·ص֮ͳģɽ缫ѿˣʧ
ڳвٵϹŶһЩżϣһЩϹʱڵĲƬϣġ
رϣ׷վӣЩţ¶˼֮ɫҶ㡣
Ҷӷ֮зɳⲢϡ棬Ҷ㲻ƷɣҲ̫ˡ
Щݱһɼ·Ҷ̻ķֽϣֱûȥʧ
ʧҶķҲ׳ͣһȴûк֣ʮƽҶķ棬͸һɹӲɣ·¡
˫֮ǰȫ̻£Ǽ˭ܸʤһ
ΪҶĳ֣ʼҲûˣرǸղЩģûʼһӰ
Ҷ㻹ǴңóԼ̻˹ۿ
һƾеĽ˿Ҵ⣬óŴ󾵣ֱ˿̻ķ
÷ȻӽɷһǼƷ˵ɷõķˡ
ȼлʯֵ̾
лʯ֣ʼߵ˷
ηڼҶȴûʱüʱ˼˼ʲô
˿η˵ģӹҶ̻ϸۿܿҲ뵽˳˼ηһģ
˼ηǳ˳˼֮ɫ׷׷лʯֵҶķϸۿ
ֵˣһ˼˵ҲС
ղŻʼлʯֵ
Ԥ˵עȫҶķˡ
Щ߲ö׷ۣλˣǻǧĸ֣ôΪ󱲿̻ķ䡣
ô
˵ηˣ˳Ĭʵ
ϴôģ
ò⣬ǳη˹ȥ
˵ǹŷǿ
η֪ĸ˼֪ƫƫҪԼ˵
ûǹŷֻϹ֮ڲ֣ܳرмӡǣкϲԢ⣬һöǾƷ̻ģǡ
ĲҼ˵ˣ֮⣬Ȼɽģɳ룬ǼԸ硣
֮أʱգóȻȥѰ·
ǿʱշ򣬿˲佫һƷ˺ѣÿҲвóȻȥ󶼱˺顣
ˣԴͨ밲ȫشͿˡ
Ȼһ£ǿʼöɣ
Ҷķˣڼлʯö
һоҲܿһ£öϸע⡣
˵Ŀϣ¶֮ɫһֹغһŵ
öϸļǺ÷
η˵ˣ˵ķǳ㣬ľ磬̻ܿ˸ˮ׼ʵѵã붼ǧš
أκκ÷覴֮ԼڣöȻҲ⡣
η˶˶٣˵ȻöиԵƣҲиԵơ
һƬţֻη˵ڻص߲λãٻϳһ˿֮ɫȻǷޣǶԷо
ղлʯֳֵַɽѾǳټˡ
Ҷķƽ棬ƺûκεĲһˣҶԺ϶ˡ
˵öɣ
ηлʯֵķ߾ٿУҶܿһ㲻ܿ壬ʶɨҲ֪С
˷̾лʯֵܻǮһһеҲҪ
öһԱ൱һƷɹҪõԺһƷɣԱ֮ˡ
֪õķôм۶
η˽˺֪ܶʶ˷׷׵ͷлʯöﵽ˼ƷɷκηѳԽ
ηʼǱ߿ʼҶ̻ɷȻлʯӮⳡˡ
ߣһƬݣҶƷɵľ磬̻ܿɷѵҪⳡ
òȼϣֱһˮ𣬴ҵ䵽˱㡣
ⲻ۷ûΨһ;Ϊö֣ĶͨĻɫȻҲļƷ
η˻û˵꣬ٴνŸղŵĻ˵ȥ˼ԣЩ￴ѾǼƷڷһֻǵ׵Ĵڡ
ĻȼϣѵҶ㻹лᡣ
Ҷ֪һǴ֮ݻϹŵ񣬾ۣҲδ̻֮ܿ£ŷǲ˳ɹƹ
ηڸһÿΣϵĽ͡


1552 Ϊʤ
ηڸϿΣһЩϹʱڵ򵥵˵һ顣
֮䣬κηݻ֮УһЩ壬ڷģ͡
ʧأ֮ǰӵһöϧ֪٣֮ԳΪһţöѲĹϵ
֮£ǹŷֻв壬̻ܿŷȻҪȰ«ưǿ󼸰ٱ
ϴ󲿷ֿķջģȻСҲǳޡ
ͺñޣУ£似̬ﵽĳ̶ȣ裬Ͳô򵥡
ͬ似ڲͬʩչȻҲͬ
ŷ֣˵ۿЩˣʼڻŵ˷׷׶˶䣬ѵҶ̻˹ŷ
ֻпˣлŷŷ㶼ûпο̻˲ţʦͨ
Щ֪ʶڳ֮˶Ҳ֪ľųɶͨŷֻһЩ֮вܿ
ʼڣţйŷڣҲ̻ܿŷĸֻ֣ÿһöֵǣ㿴Ҳһõ
ɽ̻Ų֪ʼڸֻһѣкܶš
һʮֺ棬Ϊθǽôڹŷ֪ʶ
η˽˺ܶе֪ʶصᵽ˹ŷ
˵˵ͷȷʵ棬ŷ֣ҲӦֳϳְɡ
Ϊ˹ŷ
ηҶ̻ķȻһöŷں֮еһЩ壬ҲЩġ
ⲻܣ
ΤʥһȣҶ̻ķǹŷһֽ֪лʯֵķƷڸߣҲﲻŷĵز
ǵȼֻ൱һˣһˣ㷲վڷ۷壬ǻǷˣɽ͵ȵˣҲһ˼
ηҶöǹŷһ̣ŵ˿ʼԾĹŷҲͨķ
⣬ЩˣҶ˭¾飬Ҷ֮쳹
ٻһڷ¶һĻߣҶ㣬Ҫ׿ˡ
ûʲôܵģһƷɿ̻ŷҲֹŷҪƣҪǶԷ⡣
ηûΤʥ񣬵˵
һŵףСһ˾硣
ΤʥԼ䣬һˣܲ𣬻ʼҲܲ
ΤʥǲͿˣûؾ磬һֱ治𣿡
ԶЦ⣬ʤʤƣֵ£ŤתǬ
ʼּԭӮı˾ת
Τʥ˵ĵȻľ磬ֻҪһ񣬾ͽҶһɶؾ硣
Ǳ߲ü飬󲿷˽ĿⶼͣҶ̻ö档
ŷܿȻҪۿһЩ顣
θţĶǸ֣һ˾ĺ£ܴ
һۣһ¿϶Ҷöǹŷ·ǷϹŷı׼
Ȼȷϣֻܽöŷ֪ˣѵõǣҶöŷȼǳĸߣﵽƷŷĳ̶ȣ൱Ʒ
һıһ֣Ҷʤ
ηûΤʥɱ˵Ŀ⣬˽
ΪŷΤʥǷ֣Ҳ̻ŷԹŷһĿȻȻһ۾ֱܷ
ΤʥҲĿ⿴ǣǻʼӮǶԴֻ֮ջˡ
ԶϽҶ㱣ΤʥͻȻ쭣ҶնɱǾ͵òʧˣţ
ܲ𣬾ҪҶˣһҶɳһʡ
ΪһöŷҶ֣ŴԵק˻Ӯ˽ķȡ
ʼߣһɱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫۼҶϣڸ˵Ӧǻʼڣš
¥ӶˣΪ˱įǰ˻ʼڣ˹ʼһš
ȻʼڻһŵĴ֪
ҶΪŵľǣܿŵΧ׷ʶǰʶš
λѾ׼˾磬һǰ
Զã׼˾磬ϻб߲õȰˣһţףηΪʤ
Щ˶뵽ʼڣ÷˹׷ף
Ҷ㣬ǽһȫİĻŷǳĴ󣬱ϾǷڵľַϧܶطѾưܣû˾סѾʧޡ
ֻкĵĲֻ֣ҪָʢŽٴԻ͡
ϯ䣬Ҷ㵱Ȼ֮УرϣҶ࿴ֻҪҶ㲻ϵĳɳȥлᳬԽʡ
Ҷ㣬ܸңô̻ŷ𣿡
ηûκεļӣҶʮֿʵ
ǰֻһͿ̻ˡ
Ҷ㵱ȻΪԭ̫أǧ֪
Ҷ㲻Ըش϶һЦ׷ʡ
ׯϯҲ֣һ𾪵ϢȻҶΪŵӣϢһŶˡ
ԺҶĵӣ˭ǣϾҶŵľǣΪŵӣҲ
һ㵹Ҷû뵽ģԼֻǿ߻ʼڵѣȻõһݣʵ֮⡣
Ҷʵ£ţͳΪŵӣ϶˵Ĳϯ䣬һЩŵӾͶҶͶ˵⡣
ϲҶҶΣ˭֪᲻ɽ磬ǿʳҪҶʵ̫͡
Щ洫ʥӶûʸΪӣοһŵӡ
ϲСֵܣͣ쳹ǵһˡ
֮žƱȻҶ㾴һٻӸߣһĿݺݵĵҶһۡ
ҶЦһѰѰٻӵľˡ
ˣֻһʱ֮٣һΣȻʮӣҲðˡ
Ҷʮǫ˵ϸ˼һ£Ҷ㻹Щ£һˣ϶ٲԼŪöС
ҿ˵ڰٻҲõһǲ飿
ȻҲҶٻȻҲĶĿ

ҶҲûʲôģٻҶǳŰٻȥġ
ҾͲˣȥѾ۾ۣ
ζĿһҶٻӣ뿪վԭء
Ǳ徻ȥǱɣ
ҶЦһŰܰٻ뿪ߵһľĻ԰˺٣һϣҹɫ
˷ͷûУôԼڿЦ
ٻӴֵΪҶ̫嶯ˡ
ͷûûΣգҲˣЩ飬ȻͲҪָһֱָġ
ҶӣΣգ϶ˣҶӦ˹ף鲻ҶһﶼѰ


1553 
ٻЩʶҶ㵽ڣһʱ䣬Ҷ̫ĳ
һƷɣһʱﵽƷɣ츳ɽ綼亱
Ҷ㣬㵽״
ٻʮֺ棬б۶Ҷ㣬Ҷǰıȫ鲻·ƾðһ㡣
ܣ
ҶЦһԼڵʱ͸¶һƻСĶ϶ɳĸ׷ɱԼ
ǻδҶҪܵʵȡմﵽɾɽ磬ҲԱ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵
ٻһİ֮ɫ򣬸Ҹٻô˵ģҲֻҶˡ
ʱˣȻ˵ˡ
ҶһЦܿ⣬ٻ˺ܶҶһ֪ʶٻҲ˺ܶΪϵļ⣬˫໥ֲ
ҶʦܺиȻܵõٻӵ
̸ʱ򣬴Ҷ󣬴һмһĳ
Ҷٻһվӣת˹һžƱӣһЦ⿴Ҷ㡣
Ц棬̫ĺ壬мҲЦ
λʦôƺ
Ҷżţ֮еĵʶĺ٣˲μӷȵʮˣҶ㼸һƬհס
Ҷ㲻ʶٻӲʶ˽лܴѾﵽ˾Ʒɣֻڷϣ츳Ǻܸߡ
ҶȻӮ˻ʼڣȫţһõܶϿɣҪԭҶʵ̫ˡ
ڸߣʵվȻƷһ֣ҶͻữΪ
Сӣ㾹Ȼʶǻʦ֣ΪΪӣͿĿһˣ㣬ţӣҪǻʦֵġ
ӻ߳һָ꣬ҶıӣȻҪҶԺǵĺ
κţҲһرҶ˷ͷ֮ܶͬ˶һɵ⡣
ܶԷֳ֮⣬Ҷ΢΢ЩŭǺܿԼţ£ֻ밲ĵ
ҪԼ鷳ҶҲ֮ˣʲôûо
ʦ֣Ժ뻨ʦֶָ̡
Ҷϱܿ˱仯仯棬һ˿ЦҶ㲻ڷܰˡ
ʱǧóȻƷɶϣȻôĶ֪ҶҪ
ȻҶô˵ûʲôֻǼ򵥵ı˱ȭûɫЩÿȴʲô׳ǸоҶԲġ
СӣŶˣԺʲôʱ򾡹һʦ֣ǻ㣬Ϊսʤ˻ʼڣſ϶ʹһЩʱøʦּһ£ʦһĸ㣬Щʹá
ղ˵Ӽ˵ˣȻ˵һҶ¹ͣõӦ飬ΪҪøǼ
ҶҲɵӣ϶취˿ȥҪ
ٻӰҶż˼֮飬ٻҲòֻ֣ܲϵĳҶʾ⣬ҪӦ
ЩΪѣϾﻹûϣ˵ЩΪ֮硣
ҶǵͼԭǴʹ͸ԼĽȻ֪ˣҶͺðˣڷûϡ
ԼƷɣǾƷˣҲӦ
ס˵ĻҪй¶ȥ֪
ϴ˿Ҷ֮У¶һ˿Ŀ⡣
ߣ
һȺ˺ܿ뿪ˣҶٻվԭء
Ҷ㣬㲻ĴӦ˰ɣ֪˲¹ͷҪǱǵˣûһ³
ٻҶ㣬С£Źĵ
д㣬ӵˡ
ҶɺôһϣʲôȤûˣ˼İˣҪƶһĿꡣ
ΪŲҶô򵥣һƬͣ϶ҲҪ㣬Ψһİ취ʵ
ĵӣҲϸ񣬲Ȼͻɢԣ˵ʲôһӡ
ܳһ棬Ҷ㶼ҪŬ
Ϊ֮ɣҵͨѶʲô龡ңʱ䲻ˣҸˡ
ٻóһͨѶҶԺʲô飬໥ҲиӦ
ҶûԥͨѶ˭֪Ժܲõһѣܱȶһ˺á
˷ֿԺֻʣҶһˣ̧ͷ죬֮еĿˣʼ½½뿪
µأһжҪ¿ʼҶ˵һɽ˰֮
ò˶ãһὫȫӻ
ҶϣͻȻɢһǿƺض˹
ôﵽ׻ʲôִûз£
Ҷִһжϣˣ͸һɲϡ

Ҷתӣʮֹĳǰʮʩ
վҶȻŵׯһͰ֮ɫǺͰ棬һŨŨĵġ
㻹
ׯϸҶ㣬ϣܿ͸ͻȻðĹˣׯǧ㣬ôҲ㲻հŶȹΣĻһƷɡ
Ӱݼʦ
ҶҲ飬ԼΪŵӵ飬Ѿ˾֪
߰ɣﲻ˵֮أ
ׯһҶܿʧԭأ壬ЩѾ뿪ҲָһµһֻῪʼ
֮ϣҶڵأׯҶаʦ
˵
ׯͽܣûдûףǸҶˣ򵥵ľٰһʽ
һׯҶΪʸ֮ģͷֵ̫ʢ϶˵ļʣϾΪӣλϿ϶ҪһҪߡ
ڶҲǸҶ㣬ҪȻӣͿҫҫĿһУҲҪ̤ʵأú

Ҷ㹧˵һԣׯʮͬҶ㱾һЩľͲǺأܼò
Ҷ㣬ȻҵĵӣһҲϸҪֻдﵽɾʸõҵĽ̵ɾ£Ҫץʱ
һƷȥָɾ磬ȷʵûʲôָģһжҪҶԼ
ׯҲˣҶʷǳĺãɾ֮ǰûʲôƿҪԼָ㣬Լɳ
ʦģһú
Ҷ㱣һƣ̬ƽͣ²ӣҶҲӵݣҶǰĽŲ˺ܶ谭
ܺã̬ҺܷģǧҪ꣬һһӡŵĽ
ׯǳһöָҶ
ܻ֮ΪģΪҶ㣬ЩȻ򵱵顣
Ҷֽӹָûв鿴ֱ
Ҷ費ԼΣԱҶʱ̶ܱ侲ׯʮ⡣
ˣȥɣסĵطѾźˣȻƷɣʹŵû⣬ҵĵҲһ
ׯ˵ĺףҶҪһжҪԼ


1554 Ѫ
Ҷ̤һͯ
Ҷʦ֣
ͯӳҶʩһʮֿҶ㳯ŵȥ
·ͯӻ٣Ҷ㽻˺ܶ࣬ʱֵҹҲż߱˵
ͯҶ˽˺ܶŵ飬ŵңŵҲͨľӢ߰ǧ
͵ĺ٣Ʒռǧˣ󲿷ֶƷƷ
ͨʥһǧңƷʥˣ洫ʥӣֻһˣʵ󲿷ֶƷɵƷɲȡ
ﵽǵλȻߣԳȥŻǴ󲿷ѡ˱չأϣͻƵ
Ψ磬صס
һЩעȵȣҶ˽࣬ÿ¶Ҫ겻ɣ첻Ű䷢Դ
Һܶ񣬶Ӳָ꣬ҪȥɣȻžûԴ롣
ЩҶڷѾҲƶܶأɽֻҪȷӵơ
֮໥⣬ÿ»һηƴ˭ӮùھܵõܶĽ
ҲǴ̼ӣϵ
ԽԽƫҶһɻ֮ɫΪνԼ쵽ʺĵطشűԵشʮֻ
ֻм򣬲ŵеĵط
˸˵ˣʮ⣬ܰɽ壬ȰѪ壬ɽѾΪ
ͯӺܿͣΪҶĵӣȻܸɽһ԰Ѫ塣
ҶƲƲ죬ǸоѪʲôè塣
ֱֲʣܻܲѡɣ֮֮Ȱ˵Ҷ㻹Ĳ⡣
ǰѪˣԼȥɣԺԿף
ͯûмҶǰҶԼȥƺЩѪ塣
ҶĸأѵѪʲôֲɣ
͸Ų¹⣬ҶѪ壬оһѪ֮Ѫйεɱ
ɱŨԼҪƱߣĹâ䵽Ѫ֮ϣ˺ɫʮֹ졣
ѵѪ
ҶһͷˮЩΪ¹⵽ߣͱ˺ɫܵɱŨء
ͻȻ֮䣬ʼӿҶоԼļ·Ҫ˺һ㣬ʮܣδ̤Ѫ壬ǿɱ⣬ȻӰ쵽Լ
ѹָղŵͯӻδ͸Ͻ뿪ˣѪйŹ֣ȻҲᵥź⡣
û·ҶֻӲͷƤߣѪûҶôһ·֮ϣӲݴ·ûС
Ҷһ·ն𽥿ɽЩӰӡ
ģʲôطӰûС
Ҷ㲻ɧطɭɭɱӣǿգֻвѪƣҶɣʦǲǹˣԼ
ݣ
ҶҪɽʱһӰ֪ĳˣһ飬£嶼棬ֻһ˫۾档

ҶһӰ˫أѹ֪ʲôʱֵģ·ƾð
Ҷ㺰һ̣һĳҶ㲱ϣպһ룬ͻȻˡ
˭ΪҪѪ壬ѵ֪ԴѪ壬·һ𡣡
䣬Ҷ㲻һ䣬Ũصɱ⣬Ҷ㲻ղ̤Ѫʱ򣬾͸оɱ⣬ȻǴɢġ
Ҷ㣬֮Ѫ壡
Ҷóƣ滭һѪΣѪĴ
Ҷģһջسϵɱûɢȥ
ׯѪģ
ƺЩţѪ弸궼ûһӣΪׯ͹һˡ
ʦ𣡡
Ҷ۽һӣѹͿ͸ɱ֮⣬һʬ壬ֻܿһ˫۾סˡ
ׯͽܣ
һ㶣Ҷ֮ˣҶȻׯյĵӡ

Ҷ㻹˵ҲΪʦҪŪѪҪСŭ˺ˣֱӸԼˡ
ԽԽȥˣȻһӡ
˿Ҷ㣬һ˿Ц
ҶֻܿЦҲĳЩԼһɣҲгΪӵһ졣
ǰôƺ
ҶһԼĵӣϵɱƺһЩ֮Уɱ⻹δȥ
ʵıʣȻׯģҹһŭңׯԼˣҲɱ󡣡
˵꣬ӰһΣʧԭء
ҶһȻûĺˣֻҡͷЦ֪Ѫ壬ǶԻǴֻܵȹʦֵˡ
ķ˾ţ֮Ҷڵɽ壬ſľ󣬼Ҫݡ
ľµһЩӲ˽棬ｨ٣󲿷ֶ϶ʧ޵ԭ
ֻȼãҶҵԼԺӣõһ
ƿԺţһɳϢǻҳĻҳӿҶıǻ
ȿȡ
Ҷһԣó֣ȼ涫Ҳȫֻǳ겻ʹãܶණѾ绯
Ҷ㲻ƽЩҵһԸɾһطϥ
Ӽ֮Ҷԭŵ񾭸շǽ飬Ҷ㲻òСԡ
һŭ˺ˣֱӽԼɱˣˡ
ҪģҪ˭֢ܶҩ
òװѪɫĹâɢȥһ˿͸ŲƵĴ˽Ҷһһ̹
˺ü죬ҶҹϢˣûż뿪Ѫ塣
ȽԺʰһһЩľŴ»µġ
æɽҶɣҲ۵һһſڵϡ
иϾˡ
ԼһִԼԺӣʮ⣬ɾطԼ
ǰķ䳡Ҷ򵥵ʰһ似
ҹҶڳʱ䣬óׯԼıʲô
ûнƣҶʶɵĽ봢ָڷ˺ܶԴҶһ
ʦ˽ĵģ
ЩҶǶЦˡ
ָڷöƷɵö鵤öΪҶ㻹ᣬʵһöͿϴ跥ëˣٶ࣬ҲӲ˶
ƷɾöƷɾһǧöƷɾʮöƷɾûС
иֿ̻Ĳϣܶ඼Ҷûмׯ˳ϣҶúõ
ܺãЩԴͻƷûʲôѶˣҪͻƷɣҪһѹſԡ
ּƷҩҶһóһö׼ҩ֮ͻƵƷɡ
̷ҶҪóʣ̷Ʒɵȹ鵤ͻƾ硣
ۣҶʮܵ껨飬Ҷ㾳ȹ̣ûһ˿һϰ
ǿˮҩ˲䱻


1555 Ʒ
ѪҶ㲻Լİȫи̬ɽϣׯóȻ롣
һ̷һɿ񱩵ҶըΪ޾ĸȪʼϴ
񣬰ؾʼתЩ񱩵õ赼
ܿ죬Ҷë֮У͸һ˿ڵʣЩǱҶų
ⳤһعЧΪҶʮᣬоӣ󲿷ھǱ档
ħűҲʼת¡¡ͬս죬Ƶĺ
Щö˵õ˳ϴ񣬷Ǽ̣һβƵķסҶ塣
ǷĻҶǣҪĿģ׳꣬Բ˵ǿˣŻ
һöҶ̥ǣǼƷϿƷܿƷǳϡ١
λʼǴѪƺüԴ˳ǧöƷҩҪɻʼڵѪ
һʱҶʵûκεӣоӯˣ·жһİ
ЩʣҶ㷢չİʯж֮Ժһɫ
ܺãǼƷҩ
Ҷ죬Щδ̷һöЧ̫࣬ȽŮá
üƷɵҶҪƷɵ忪ù鵤һȶƷɡ
óһöɾҶ㲼һάɣ󷨿ɷԲ
һöɾǳֲˣҶһССƷɣһôԴ˵ȥ϶ûš
ú󷨣Ʒɵһ̷һȪ˳Ҷɤֱ˽ȥ

ҶƹɵģƷ㲻ϣֻмƷɽ߼ĵҩƳ񵤳
Ȼ䣬Ҷо崫ʹƷɵ̫ǿҶ㻹Щˡ
ûκԥֱӵԪʼѹգȫתΪС
ԭõϴ跥ëǣѿƷɣǿϢܿ챻Ҷѹȥ
׼ͻƣ
˫ֿʼӡܵԼʼҶ֮С
Щ򲻶ϵĴ󣬽֮ĲֶҶա
ô򿪸Ѩˣ
ܶطõ˸죬ǱҶڲѨһ¶
ܶѨ濴ģڲֻӲܿһ
ԼкüöصѨ֣ҶɣֱԪ֮ͨѨ
Ѩͨһ̣Ҷƺز˹Լһأһ
ѹ˵ǲأÿ˵壬ʵһأУȻͲء
Ҷĵ·İ壬һԼ׼
ѨһʱҶڲ˾仯һֵ֡
ַ֣֣Ҳһ֣ǳĹϣ¿ǸӣǸˣǵء
˵Ǹˣ֣ϵһƬ죬Ǹˡ
ڹϵ֮УһƬ죬ƬأԢطָ֮⡣
ҶѨ֮󣬱ֵ֣ҶԼʶȫˡ
ҺҶ̬ƽͣѾֲ֣˶ˣοѨγɵ֡
γɵһ̣ܵʼҶ߻ۣЩѨһԲӤʼ̰˱
ǿҵǣ֮Բ׾˽
Ѫ壬һ֮أͻȻһһ۾ɽĳ˹ȥ
һΣܿʧԭأҶԺϿգӿĹ˫֮Уһ˵ĺâ
ССƷɣȻĴ󶯾
·͸ӵĹܣ֮еҶ㿴һ
ҶͷϵУٴһ䣬ƺûмֹͻơ
Ҷȫֿ֪֮УҪɳŨʮ౶ȫԡɹ֮һʮ
鵤ˣ
Ҷԥ鵤̷ȥѾƷԵ鵤ȥ֮ȱ˲䲹ϡ
ǿҶͷųһͷѵʨҶҪŭöƷҩҲֻҶǲܡ
ˣ϶һһŵ̷֮ڶö
Ҷ㵹ãһҹʱ䣬öҩȫϵĺˣҶ΢΢˱仯
ҪׯɹˣϣҶһʬ塣
ڿҶ˹ͻƣ˳˼ѵׯļ˺ӣ
ͻƣ
ں˳ɵһ˲䣬Ҷľ˲ͻƣһɫֱӷ˳ȥʣҶͷ֮ϡ
ɫһ˵ɫٴһ䣬û뵽Ҷ棬ȻѪѵһ塣
ɽһɽ羮ˮˮԼĽ磬ҪȥҪõϿɲſԡ
ɽҲһóȻ룬Ȼ⵽ɽ¾
ͻƣܵƽɫһɣԲ׵ʧһɶ
ܿ첨ܣǺˮһ׷ӿ뵽Ѫ塣
վϵĺӵɵϴ󣬴Ӹղžȱ𾪡
е˼
°֪ͣ˼ʲôѪҲûһӣһ룬ǲǸøɽһˡ
ָоһţҶﵽ˾ƷɣҲһЩȤϧҶ㲻Ʒɡ
˺ܿʧҶԭؼͻƣѪھۼҶͷ֮ϡ
ҺҹȻ϶ŵĹעΪĸƷͻơ
鵤ǳǿҶ꣬Ԫ۳ɺʼʵʷչ˾״
ɾԪҺ壬ǹ壬һöö͸ˮ
ҶƷɣ֮оͳ˾壬̫˼ˣҶԼЩš
ԪԽսʱȻҲǿ󣬻зԽӼ̣ս׵ѹƶ֡
ҶʯķǰƷɣĴ֮ҶɵˣʼƷ
ͻ֮Ҷ֮еķнϵ˺ѣ飬Ҷ㱻ڵȥֱɫ΢ָоʧ
ϵöƷʯȫΪ촷ۣȫʧҶȫա
վӣһɱըԵҶӿܵΣֱӱƷɳȥ
ž
Ҷ棬һ󳴶Ҷһ̹
Ʒɵ𣿡
ҶһȭͷڸоһȭܴƷɡ
Ȼ԰ƷҲԵƾ֮նɱ
ƷҶûн֣ʱù㣬Աеģڼһ
ƷɵվԭըҶлᣬʵսҪ˵ķӡ


1556 ¶â
䳡ҶϤһµľ磬ֵⷭת
䳡֮УҵĺѪ壬ҵĻεʲôһھѡ
ϢĺͻȻ˳һ˫һ۾ĶҶ㣬رǵҶʩչɱ¾ʱ򣬺һ
úúãҵĵʩչֻСһЩ
Ҷо̩˵һ㺹ˮ˳źˮȫ˳
ָׯҲҶ㼸⣬ϣúòҶ˳
һţһҶʱҪԺҶ㾳ķǳ죬Ҫ
ħű书ħޣԳͬ
Ҷһߣۿ
һдһ¼ܶལ壬Ҷȥ
һÿֲҶԴĽûκ似ܳԴ
һһ˲䣬Ҷ¶һ˿⡣

Ҷһ𣬵ȻҲֵ£Գһֻϲֻֿ֣֮ŤתǬ
ʦչңȻǧǰʮĵ
Ȼдӡǧǰʮǰһ٣ǿĵɽ綼Դķ
ҶȽףΪдԴΪӣֻҪϣܽԴٽһ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ϧϲ֮һֱûҶ㻹ûҵڡ
Ҷһ׼ȥɽ¿
ȻʦԴҲɽգЩԴƶ֧ŲƷɣҪĴ
Ҫȥ׬ȡԴˣûѹͻƣΪûʲôҪǿѹեǱ
նһ·Ҷܿ˳ŵ·Ѫ塣
ʮֻӶûУǰ죬ûԸ⿿ΪѪ嶼һɱ
ҶҲӦˣ뿪Ѫŷ֣һɣԭԼһֱǿѹ֮
˳ŵ·Ҷ㳯ŵĲȥ׼ȿ飬˽ɽϢŵÿȡ̶Դ
˵ûУǸΪӵСӣȻ͵Ѫ壬üûƱǸɱ˰ɡ
Ҷ㻹δԶԶۣ󲿷ֵӶ⡣
ǳóȻѪ壬ⲻ˱նɱˣ˵һССĵӡ
⻹˵϶ж˿ˣ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣѪǿһأκ˽ȥ·һ
ҲСϧķ츳Ҫŷ磬϶Ҳܵŵص
ȺȻҶ㣬ķ츳ǱܶϿɡ
˶̸ۣϾ궼û˵Ѫˣһ顣
ЩۣҶûᣬֱĳȥʱҲŷ֣ҶȻû
ôܣСӾȻû
Ҷ֮ǼһţҶȻû
϶ûеѪ壬ǹɽ¡
˸𰸣ΪҶûеѪ壬Ȼܳ
һһָָ㣬ҵóһµĲ²⣬ҶûеѪ壬ƹĳһ
ǸСӣҹ
ҶͻȻоһеԼתԴڲ棬ҡڵĳԼ߹
ںң
ҶָָԼһĲȷ֮ɫ
ûҺľ㣬ţſ϶ʹ˲ٱһЩЩֵܰɡ
ӽףӢӣƷɣƽʱʱϲ۸ЩСĵӣѹԴ쾹ȻҶϡ
ƿҶƷɣԴ۸۸ڸߣΪУ׸
ȶǷҶͱǧٱˡ
˼ʹ͵ԴҶûˡ
Ҷ̯̯֣һģϴڴҪԼóʱûУԷŷŹԼ
ڲһҶѾɹѪ壬ŵԴҲ϶ˣһͲ
㵱ǰ׳ŸԴһ꣬ҿ˵ĵ˺üöƷҩϽҽ
׷һȣԼõƷҩѾй¶ȥˡ
Ҳѹ֣ôĹͣʹͼöƷҩҲӦҶ㣬ЩҩҲŵ
ǵʮ򣬵ҩֻǧ˶ֵܷŴ󲿷ֶ֮á
ԷͱˣҶ֮У˸һ˿ɱ
ҲԼݣԭԼֻһݵĻֻҪ˵ĵطн
Щˣһֻı飬ȻΣʵɱҲ
ȻŽƵӻɱǴһȣϵһ첲飬żʡ
ȷҪϵĵҩ
ҶͻȻЦˣ¶һ˿ЦݣˣҶûгЦݡ
ֻرŭʱЦݲŻֻ֣ɱ˵ʱЦݲŻ֡
īˣٲСӸȫϣӴԺֻһˡ
˵꣬˿ҶɲֱǺ֮û
룡
ҶͻȻʧԭأһֻƾճˡ
ҪԴûУҪҪҴﱣ֤Ҫ󡣡
ȴСƣݺݵ׵ϣҶٶޱȣ뵽ҶȻ֡
ȵӦʱѾһһٰʮȵתһܽӴ
ž
ȻתʱŴ֪һǶôĽʵ״ֱӸһνӴǱŽһѪ
꣡
׵˳ʹ׷ɱĺС
СӣҪɱ㣬Ȼ͵Ϯң
Ҫ׼Ҷ֣ƷɣѾǾӢӡ
ڤ粻飡
ҶûиκεĻᣬųˣݺݵĲ׵Դϣ̧˲ӣںݺݵѹ˻ȥ
㣬ҪϵĶ㻹ʸԺȻҼһΣһΡ
Ҷ㲻ѣҪٸҳԼǰҶͲһ⣬Ƿϵȡ
һ̫죬˼ʱ䶼ûУҶһƽս
ԭΪôҶģϾ㲻ƷɣǿҲսʤƷ
ڲ֮зҶƷʱնɱƷͻƵƷɱƷԪҪ
ƷһȭƷԼȷˣ˲佫ѹԭء
˵֮ҶܺɨһȦڳвƷɣаƷ֣ûһ˵
ǾҶֳɱ⣬·̤飬ʬɽѪζ
ߣסҽ˵Ļ
Ҷһߣ׵屻߷˳ȥݺݵˤһ䣬ûܵҶֱ߽


1557 ǹ
ûڶãȻҶ̤˲
ֱӽ¥ҵܶżҶһһʱ㿴ʮ顣
ҶڵĻǣһĿʮȫ⣬Щ֪ʶεӡҶĻ꺣֮С
ɽӼǣɽֻ֣Լħ֣Ҷ㶼漰
ڹ似֮࣬ҶûȥЩ˷ûãܶණͨӴԽ࣬Խӡ
վӣҶһ¥ȥ֪ʶԶѧ꣬ʱӦˡ
һкܶԴܣҩҩɾȵȡ
ЩҶ㼱ȱģ˱˳ȥΪҶȥһʱ䡣
һϤɽ绷ڶҶҲһֱţԼС
һ̤ſΧźܶˣ̸֪ʲô
磬ղŴ˵ң
Ҷ㻹δ߳һɤӣǸղűԼ˵ףȻ˾ȱ
Ⱥ֮У߹ӣһף߻һĿ꣬ø׾мƣ׵ĸ硣
Ҷüͷһ壬֣ԼԸЩϵ̫ʱ
ҵĵܵܣ
֮У˸ɭĺ⣬еķŭѹ
˵
ҶһЦ⣬ʱ̱һ̩Ȼӡ
ҶԼĵܵԼҲһ˿ɱ

ȻˣղһֱţϣҶϴ
Ҫɱң
Ҷ¶ζЦݣŨɱǰôˣѾˡ
ҪɱˣûһӵõڸһᣬҵǰģҲһῼǷŹһ
Ȼᵱô˵ɱҶ㣬ҶʵڵͣҲĵӣֲɱ
û˵£˵
˹عĸûжһ¹
ԸҪɱԼˣҶ˿飬Ȼǹܲ˶ʱŴ˫ۣЩŵĿҶ㡣
Сӷ𣬾ȻǹٲãҲǰƷ֡
¶һ˿亹Ҷ㵣ǣҲ¶ֻı飬޲úõһҶ㡣
ЩЦϵɱ⳹ױڳˣԹֵܶ˵ĿǳԱ񣬵Ȼʮֿġ
رǿЩЦ񣬸Ǵֵ̼ܶ˵񾭣ʲôʱֵܶ˱
ܺạ̃ȻĵӣӦ츳ˣҪֽ㡣
ޱ䣬һһֵ³Ҷ㲻ӣѳˡ
ộֽ
ҶЩͷˣΪΧ۵ԽԽ࣬Ͻߣˡ
ܽУҵܵܵҿԼ̣ҪǲСıһƻˣҲˡ
˵ԴǣҪ֮ڣܻҶ㣬ôˡ
ҴӦ㣡
ԥҶֱӴӦüһԼʵƷɣԼܲƾԼʵ֮ܡ
ҶӦ¶һ̵ĻߣȻΣǱҶ㲶׽ˣҪûϵԼ
ô˵棬ֵȥҲҶԼӦġ
ЩС˼ҶܿҲõƣԼγ뷨ô˻ᣬݺݵԺ˭ҴԼ⡣
ܿڳһ޴ĳأʺ˽֣һЩڲĵӣ׷˳
ڳܶƷɣ°ͣһֵӣϣ˫ֵԽԽá
Ҷ½ӣȻΪŵӣǺܶ˻ﲻƾһƷɣͱС
ѵΪ츳
ţӵз츳ʤܶʥӶûʸУȻһŵλá
ϲ˵ڳЩһϣҶЦ
ְɣ
Ҷ򲨶ûУվԭأȳ֡
ǲײĲᣡ
ûκԥһǿϢͷųÿռ䷢һһӡ֣Ҷѹ¡
ЩӡҶ¶һߣҪһԼ㲻նɱһʵҲҪʮ£֮á
Ʒԣһ˿֮򵥣Ʒɣߡ
úã
Ҷ㲻˷һһ̤淢һĽӡˡ
дӡ
ԷԼƷʲôƷܳԽдӡ
һö޴ƶȻ֣һȣ£ռ͵һΣܲ忪ʼҡ
ʲôƷ
˷һУôӡʮֱӣûκλڣݺݵĳѹȥ
дӡһЩӰһѣȻܲסҶӡ
ͬһĲƣһ㳯죬һ޴Уȥ
ԶЩˣһ¶֮ɫ⻹Ʒ
ϧǲ֪ҶѲƷɣϣͻƷ
һƷһ죬ÿһȼʵǷ츲صı仯Ҷ㵤Ѿ塣
䣡
Ȼ䣬ҶĴӡϣĳһǿĹγ֣ͬˮܺݺݵĳǿһЩСĵӣֱӸƷ˳ȥ
£ȻӶҶϱɣϵıʮѿղһƣֱӽ岽
ҪҪ
ҶųŪ֮ɫղһƣԼֻǸһϣʹ˴ס
ߣΪռһϷ磬ʹ˰֣ղҲóһجΡ
澡ʧôӵ棬һƷɻˣδ棬ΣҲҪһӡ
ҶҡҡͷԭҪϢˣԷȴһͱˣҲԹԼˡ
ó˾񣬱һзܰſ¡
Զ˴ų
ȻٴֻܽйҶϡ
Ҷüͷһ壬һɨпֲ´ģϵ
׼ɣ
ϾͬŵӣûóûأޱȿɲͷųҶ㲻Ҵ⣬ϾǰƷ֡
ŲһŲһƶʩչƮݵγ֣޷Ҷ㡣
ǷϢޱȣüƶڿϣҶ½Ƕմ
Сӣб¾ͱ㣡
Ҷһֻ۴У˭Ҷ֮졣
бץ˵
ҶһЦһȱۣҲ֪ô硣
磬ɱ
һԵ׵ȵòͷˣҪϽնɱҶ㣬Լڶ
γɱҶ㣬ǶԷ̫ˣԼһȣ
ⲻ֪Ҷ㽫֮ʩչ˼£˿ʱһƷ磬ܷռ䣬ﵽɾ硣

ͻȻһȣ£һ֮֮ϣӿ·ȻһŸĵ⡣


1558 
壬ͻȻǱĳǿ޸һ㣬ͻȻֱһɨռһֱҶٶȡ
ȻԷҶҲҴ⣬ٴһϢҶͷų

һɫ֣ףֵһ̣ȫ¶֮ɫ
ǧ֮һĴ
ЩƷɣЦ⣬Щţţᳬˡ
˵ȻҶ㣬Ϊˣʥ֮Уˣﵽ洫ʥӼ
һ
˲²⣬һׯڸҶĴȻҶһССƷɣ֪֮
ⲻܣŲ죬ʣҲڶ̶̼Ĺ򣬲򵽴
˱Ƚ侲ʱ䣬Ҷ̫˼ˣֿܿų
˵ûпܣҶʶֻǽλᣬţҲ˳
˷ŵжϣҶ˽ӣ޷λᣬ˳ĴţΪӡ
пܣѹСһ鲻ƺƾðûκôܶÿ̻һǡ
ԽԽԣʼҶ֮Ĺϵ˲²ǸӣҲ˲²յӵȵȡ
ۣܵҶ޶ãô£Ҳ²ⲻԼǴӷ
ڴ۵һ˲䣬ˣԭء
ҶûоʹգסƷЩѶȣֱӿһȭݺݵĺϡ
ǿȻҪȰƷҪɲķֽһ˲䱻Ҷ򿪡
ⲻܣ
Щ¶֮ɫƷɵķɾͱҶƵˣһʩչĻϡ
ûʱ˼ǿƣЯҵ쫷磬дӡӴԽס
Ҷ㻹һ˿ֻУֻ֮ŵ
꣡
ֱӹҶǰʱ£Ҷ㿪ʼӡһ׳ƣס
ش£;ͬ飬һ˼£Ժ϶Ϊһ
ϥѵÿһ˵ͷصϥǹˣʹֱſڵϣĺ飬һһε
֮У¶޾Ķ֮ɫȻһƷɡ
ԣܵѾˣҶ㲻ƷɵϢȻﵽƷɡ
̶죬Ҷͻƾ磬ﵽƷֳһƬĬ
ǲΪҶʶĬðƷҶܣÿ˶뵽˳˼֮С
ϧҶ뿪û˸סҶĽŲǾƷ֡
Ҷûи֮ǰûٸóȻˣ˽ӣҪǽ֮ɱ϶
˵֮УҶʧǰ˹ã׼һЩ׬ȡһЩԴ˳ȥתת
ôҶҪϤһҪˮ䣬ҶҪڹΡ
빦ãٵӴУɵӰӳ֡
ߵ̨ǰҶ˵⣬׼ѡ񣬵һڶ׬ȡԴ
ʾƣ
ӴҶһʮҵӣҶʮֿȣʱҲڳҶӡ̡
ļѪ壿
Ҷƣһ㶣ۣ½ӼѪ壬ʼʱûмţġ
ʲô𣿡
Ҷһɻ֮ɫʵ
ûʲôûʲô
ջĿ⣬óһҶѡ
ҶҲü׷ȥԷȻ˵Լܱܲ˵Щ飬иһ졣
ѡʮ֣Ҷѡ֣һѰһֲϣΣԲǺܸߣڶǰһϴҩʮգ׷ɱβ
ԭҶ㲻񣬵ǵ֪βȡ˺ܶԴϱͣҶŽ˭ںء
Ͼβ޶кüߣ˲鵽٣üˣҲûɡ
򵥵ķһ£Ҷһ飬ȰϽҩ԰ȴȥѰöĲϣȥҾβ
ΪóȻȥҲϣڵλûϤʱ䣬˵ȥҾβˡ
óŴҩ԰ʱ䣬һЩθڶһЩβϢȥҲаա
뿪ãҶ㳯Ͼ˹ȥ׮ϰ䷢ģҲһ࣬ûԸȥ
ղҶʱҲһ£ûдϣû˽񣬹ϻҵˡ
ڿ˽ߣҲһȴ֮ͬɫ
Сӣ˸㣬ųѲ컹ܳҪȻϿ϶ֻ䷢񡣡
ҶߺĬĬףϣҶܼʮʱ䡣
ΪһֱҪƵҩҩ԰˴ȱͯӣƢһαһλڶû˸ҿϵҩ԰ˡ
Ϊ±ϿֱȥˣֻԶԶĶš
һҶ㶼ֻǿ񱨳ܸߣѡ񣬴ʮҩ԰ȻǧƷɾı꣬Ҷ㿴Ӷˣܷ
ɽ壬Ҷ㿴ָʾĵͼⷽԲǧףӰӶûУֲһƬҩձɹ֮£Щҩ˯һ˰
ôɽ壬ôҩ԰˶ȥˣ
Ҷһɻ֮ɫԭΪҩ԰ȱ֣Լǰģû뵽ôҩ԰ӰûУ˵Ӱˡ
ѵߴطˣ
Ҷóͼϸһ飬ȷط϶
˳ҩҶ㳯ԶéȥǴҩƽʱϢĵطӦ˰ɡ
űصҩҶ̿ˮЩҩҪԼգ˵ƷɣһƷⰡ
ϴ˻֮Ҷһֱ취ҵҩɣԲΪ
ƬҩƺҶϧóȻգҪǰеҩˣ˲ɱԼŹ֡
éݣҶ㿴һ˯޴ĺҶĤʮܣűߣһ޴ɫ«ŨľӺ«ɢ
һէһһһͷûʲôϸһϿһɲζ
֣Ǹ֣
Ҷ㰵裬ʲôҶ֪ǳǿߵʵԲԶ
ǰдҩ԰ĵ𣿡
Ҷһӱ֯ϵʵ
ˣ۾űߵľƺڵĺŨľʱɢȥ˻ˬƺȵϢɢ
ʲôƣȻȽʵãҶֻζ͸оϵĿ֮ȥ˲١
ҩ԰ģ
߰˫ۣҶ㣬ǿһɢģ
ǣ
Ҷ㻹Ǿһ
ǳͷƬҩ԰ԺˣסҪһҩҿһ
ӸҶһͷź˯ȥˡ


1559 Ȼҩ
ŽŵµĳͷҶһȻ֮ɫɵ㶵վԭء
кҲҲԼֱӽҩ԰ԼĴͲԼЩҩŪˣ
ûʱ俼ǣȴҩ˵ģԺڿǣǧɾһʲƵԴ
ͷҩ԰شɷݵҩҶӶˡ
Ҷ㷢һֵЩҩ˰޾ɵӣƺˡ
ӣҶ㿴ǰ뻨ҩǺ֮ңһǷȴû˸ҹ͵Ҳʵ
ʶһ͸뻨֮Уһ룬֦ɣҶӣҶ㷢ֲʲô⣬ƫƫЩҩ޾ɣʧ
Ȼ˷סʧٶȣȥҲǰ취
Ǻܿ죬Ҷһ뻨ĸЩͬȴ˵Ǿ뻨ĸ⡣
𣬽ˮˮľľ𣬻
һѭϢֻҪ֮ؾܲϵתγйɵ
ˣ֮Уȱٽ֮Ǳǿнˮ½֮ԽԽ٣ҩ費
ʧȥƽ⣬ֲٺõҩճҲ̫ãƺ˸ӡ
ֱӼ֮϶УǿĽ֮ܿĸʴҩ˼ֱӻҩ
ǵ⣬ƱҲˣȴ޷ıĳɷֻ֣֮֮
ȷ֪ȱ֮е֮óһЩϣ֮֮Уܻҩء
Ϊ֮ǳȥ϶ƻҩĸ֮꣬ʧƬҩ԰һ꣬ͻ᳹׻ķϡ
֮һʩչأ
Ҷ°ͣҪ֮һʩչһѭԸƻҩĸ
ҶûóȻжһˣǻҩ»˼С
ҵһҩ򣬾ʧһ꣬Ҷ㻹ҪǸ˼ɷݵҩƻˣҶˣҲⲻ
ӣҶʳָ֮濪ʼת֮֮ˮ֮ľ֮֮ʮͣһεʣһ͸¡
ֻһ㣬Ҷ㶼СƻҩҩԣߣҩǳҪñҶ̷ĵҩҩġ
֪һöҩߵİжôĴǼƷҩҶƻҪ²ͻƾ硣
ʶһ̲ҷɣһ˳Լͷŵ֮͸˵£εҩ֮˲䱻ҩա
ֵˣԭ費ҩ˲ǻһʻøӲãҶҲô̴̵ģҩ֮ͷų
ȻЧ
Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣֳɾ͸УˣʱҲڰԼԼûʲôʧ֮
ΪҶʩչʱĵĴҩһЩҩ֮еĳɷ֣ս֮С
Ȼ٣ôһƬҩ԰Ҷʮʱ䣬Ҳղ꣬رɷݵҩôһ˿˿ùͨɵ
ҪҶǿʮҩûκεʣʻУҪᴿ
ãôһƬҩ԰аճƷ۷塣
ҶԽڣԽԽҪԴǿֲȻҶҲ
Ŀľϣ׬ȡԴ⻹ƷҪԴ˿ɲҪǵƷƷƷǲһһô򵥣Ҳʮٱĵ
ûгɣҶһҩգԭЩήҩʼµ
ֱɽҶʮ֮һңʮ֮һҩȫоһһ
Ƿ
һǷé洫˳˯һ߳éݣڴڵĺžơ
ͻȻ۾ɢһ⣬˲ʧԭأҶߡ
ЩҩŪõģ
ﻹиղǸɢģȫһˣһǿ񣬴ִҶļϣûбѹ塣
ǰջ֣
ֻҶϵĴһֻǯӣоһɽѹҶϣҶǿһģҶҪɺü졣
Ÿоʧ̬ðƷһɱƷɡ
СӣЩҩô£
ŵϣ֮ڵľųҩϹӦƽʱƵҩҩ԰ԺŵĵҩһֱӦϡ
ǸҲ
ҶģģҲ˵һӳîֻƾԼĸо
ǸղϿǿһҶ㳯ʲôҩͱˡ
ǲעʲôˣ
ϻЩɣЩҩֻ꼻һ֣һȫˡ

Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ˸֮
һΣ
ղŸñȽԶϿĲǺڵ棬ҶʩչһΡ
Ҷһɫ֮£ֻöӣһ費ҩһ˿֮һҶûдгȡ
ܿ죬ҩ˲·עһ㣬ǿҩɢ
㾹Ȼ֮
Щţ̫֮ϡ٣ҪǶ֣֣ҵǶ֮ģŶҲһ
ȻͱץˣΪҲҲİ취
Ҷ˵ͷûзϣһǰûκס
úúãҲСѣʲô֡
ûʲôӣƺҶ㲻ǺϤȻҶһƽ۽ģ
Ҷ㣬ϣ
Ҷʩһ񣬰ʱƤӶûͰԼˣ⻻ٶҲ̫ˡ
ҲϲŤŤԺͺˣƬҩ԰ԺͽÿԲɼʮҩʹãڱ꣬һٲ㣬ǲɼ֮һʱϡ
ϲҶ𲻴ӦȻǿнҶҩ԰
ÿ¿ԲɼʮҩԼʹãȻǰɷ֣ҲǼֵư
Ǹǰ磬һԼ鰡
ҶһͷߣԼֻʮʱ䣬Ҫ뿪ţɲһӿҩ԰
ҩ԰ֲĻҩ콽ˮֻҪͿˣƽʱø͸
Ϻòץһҩţô׵ķһҩΪջ
ôҩ԰һ굽ʮǧ꣬ϸļ¼һˣϻĲš
ͨղŵʾȫҶ㣬ҩ԰ķǳơ

ҩķϣҶ㻹ǴӦˣôҩԼĺ԰ÿԳȡҩľ
ҶȻһԸӣȴЦ˻
ˣȻҩˣһʱҪչҩ԰ͽˡ
ʱ䣬Ϊҩþ˰취ڿ԰ĵȥƵҩȥˡ


1560 Ͷ
һУҶ߽éݣﻷţϿԿŨԾ֮ء
ϵĽأ̤㣬Ҷϲ徻ĻȫϣܱѪá
ԼѪĵӣƽʱʱҪȥܲһֱҩ԰
һҹʱ䣬Ҷ㶼֮жȹоˬҩ԰°빦
ӦڣȻôܻΪҩ԰СϪߣҶϴһˮ뵽ҩ԰֮Уʼȡ
ʣµʱ䣬Ҷ֮һָҩʮ꣬ҶһĹֻܼǧ꣬򵥹һ£ҶҲҪһ²ȫҩ׻ָ
æµһʱ䣬Ҷ۳һϽСϪúõϴһ£ֻ鲻١
ǧ껨飬øӱֵͣǣԪӯޱȣ嶼оˣ̥ǵ⾳
Ҳѹ֣Щҩ¾꣬ǳֲ֮ҲֻҶ̥ɵЩҩһЩˡ
ЩҩɵĲϣһֶޱ
ֵˣֵ̫ˣ㲻ұ꣬Ҳ뿪
ҶСϪ˳һ˷֮ɫֻҪϵҩ԰γͻƷɡ
·Ҷ㳯éȥ׼Ե㶫ʩչ֮ĵԽ죬ҶյٶҲԽ죬Щҩ԰ȡ֮֮ߡ
ҪصéϢͻȻԶӰζһ綼û˳֣ô˳߸ˡ
ʦ֣ǰ棡
һˣŲܿ죬գۼĹ򣬾͸ϵéǰ治Զ
ǴѾչ
ʦֻЩȷҲǱһġ
ǧȷץˣҪչһǺʱ
߼ӵתһܣС˵
ǾͺãǧѷĺûᣬһҪ㵽꼫Ʒҩ
ʦ۽¶ϲ⣬ǵ˺þˡ
˺ܿҶǰҶ㲻Ʒɣ¶һЦݡ
λʦ֣ҩ԰λʦƲ˵أ
Ҷȥҩ԰˵Ƚֹڡ
ҩ԰ĵӣ
˺ȻʶҶ㣬Ͼʮˣ˶ʶҶ֮ҲһС
ղ˵ĽҲǾӢӣƷɣ֪ΪΣͻȻҩ԰
ûƬҩ԰ʱҴ
ԷʲôĿģҶ㻹С£ϱչһ£ʱ䣬ʲô飬϶Լе
ܺãǹ輸ҩȹǾͻ㡣
ֵ˵ҩÿ춼ռÿ춼Ҫֲ߼ֻ꣬ҪʱϣҲν
Ҷ㿴֮У̰֮ɫȻǳԼ´ҩ԰ĵӣˮ㣬ҩƭߣʲôʱ򻹣֪
˼ϷԸκҪҩҪ˵
Ҷ㽫Ƹϣϣ˼ɡ
СӣҪǹҩǸӣҪǲ裬ݹǲ
ӷ׺ͻȻѣ˵ȷģΪҶµӣҩԹԵĽ
˭֪ҶӲԣʲôӢӣҪƭҩŶûС
һҩˣ뻹֪ȵ£һ׷λԼе
ѹҩ԰ûмԸˮһͻݽȥ
Էһȳ⣬ҶɫʱԷĿĶ֪ϱչأͻȻҩ԰
˼˭ҲҪҩóԵȵȻһꡣ
Ҷ˵⣬ΪԼµӺ۸Լݣû߼ҩһ϶иĵǰ
ԷóԴҶ㵱ȻΪѣնԵȵҩȻǿװǡ
ܺãһĵӣȻҶʦô˵ǹҩǸӣȻ㲻ʶôֻôĹȣҩˡ
ָҶıӣ޲ھҪҶڽ¡
˫˲˱仯һ˿˿ɱͷų׼Ҫǿҩˡ
ҶҲҴ⣬ʱ׼֣ҺéΧûʲôҩһƬյأս˿϶Შҩ
Ȼ󣬻Ҽ̤ҩҪ֪ˣ϶Ĺˡ
Ҫõҩȹһ˵ɣ
˵ɣ˺ȻҪͶ񣬼ȳˣһƳҶ¡
úã
˴飬ޱӯٶҪǰ죬ֻҶһڼӵĺ棬ޱȡ
һҹʱ䣬Ҷʵͷǿı仯
ٶ̫ˣ
Ҷ㷴һƣûмӵҸ£Ѩƾӿһ̣ӷһҽУֱ̱ڵء
뵽ϻŵЦ⣬ΪҶ϶ᱻһƻУʱġ
ʵٲҲƷɣδ֣ͱҶһƸ㶨
Сӣ㾹Ȼ͵Ϯʦ֣
һͻȻˣҶ㻹δӦͻȻ͵ϮҶĺ󱳡
ٶޱȣĺ֮Ҷ͵Ϯ
ûת壬һƣֱӸԡ
䣡
һǿ˳ˣɨȥžһӰɳȥˤ˷֮С
ҩ԰أƽʱʱ򽽹ҩҶ㻹ûн࣬ؼģӵȥֱ֮û
ʱ䣬죬Ӵӷ˳Ƿ㣬޵ķ㣬ķ㣬ֱҲ̶á
Լߵ˶Ҷ㶨ɫǳѿɱ⣬ͷų
Ҫɱ㣡
ӵӷˣûʱϵĴ㣬Ҷ˹һɶŻ

Ҷ˫һ˺⣬ˣֱӽԭء
ɫѹԭأ޷ֻܵŴӣ˫ĿҪ͹ѣĳԼһŻ¡
Ҷ㲻Ѵ֮͸㶨Լ£ͲסһγһƬƣҶݺݵѹ
úãƷΣ
Ҷ㷢֣ҩ԰ӰܶյϱչصϢ׼ˮ㣬һҩ
ô˻ᣬҶһݣɱһӰ٣иǰȻһ¿϶ͣˡ
ڲҶѹûκεѹ岻˷Ƴֱ룬ֱӳǰ
ž
һƺݺݵϣ죬Ҷ϶˴飬ӯޱȣٶ졣
һе֣Ҷûκԥһƣϡ
ʱ䣬׵ĸͷһֱӴҩ֮С
ԶЩһӣЩţðƷɣȻҶ⡣
׼Ҷֳˣ
ž
ٴηҶ㲻κεĻᣬһƽһơ


1561 滮
һƽһƣ֪Լ˶ٶ⡣
ʧȥ֪ʼľ˫Ŀ룬ҶһƳֱ֣ſ˵ϣһһ
ʮʱ䣬Ͻ뿪ȻǵĹȣ
Ҷ㽫Ǹղ˵ĻԭⲻĻǡ
ңһƷɣƷȻһƷɸˣԶۼЩһľһ֮ɫ
⻹ѧ𣿡
˵˵һ䣬˼顣
̫ǿˣһʵǻǸϽ߰ɣǾƷɹȻû˿Դҩ
ҩ԰Χ۵˷׷ߣҶⱻҶ㶪֮С
¶޾֮ɫǿվӣսս뿪ˡ
ʧҶ¶һ˿âҪͲˡ
ղŵĲܿҶͶ뵽ҩ԰֮Уϵʩչ֮ҩָٶȼ죬һǧҩҶκá
ҶҲ۵һſϣ̰ܻ顣
ôҩ԰õҶյһɶϴڻ֮ţֻ䣬Ǽʮ꣬ܶɷҪȰٻԺҩˡ
ݽߵĵָܿӯõ˻ϴٴαųȥ
Щ¾ƳɵҩҲﲻЧ
ʱһȥҶ֮徻˼죬ûңҶҲ⼸ʱ䣬֮ٴһ̨ס
е⣬ɱ¾⣬Դ⣬иҶ㣬ϵʱҶ
һֱԣϲ֣֮һ֣Բдӡ
ǧǧǰһٵǳӽ
ҶջľǷ֮ˣֻһΣʧԭأܿռûһ˿
һжҪл飬ûл鲻ϵĸıҶʣ֮ܲء
СӣɽҲʱˣܲһֱһũɡ
Ľ׿ĿҶӷһ·һũĽܲڻ뵱һµĸо
ϰףһ仰𣬽ļԲȶ¶ĥֻһһӡվȽŸɽ磬ûκεĸҪץʱʵ
Ҷ֪Ľףϣջ̶ָȣֻ磬յ㡣
֪㲻һС䣬һ죬ɽһҶ֮쳹ء
ĽţҶʣ츳ò˼꣬϶쳹ɽ硣
ֻһ磬Ҷ㻹δ룬ɽ磬֮䣬Ψ̤ɣɽſԺ
磬磬磬ħȵȣҶ㶼ûȥһ죬̤ɽÿһء
һҹ˽̸˺ܶ࣬С׾ſҶűߣʱʱ̧ͷա
̶һҹ̸ҶƶһĿ꣬һ֮ͻɾ֮ڣɽ㣬ʮ֮ڣȡͻ磬Ҷʱûй滮
ҶĹ滮֪϶ΪҶˣɾʮʱ䣬ֱǿЦţҲҪʮʮꡣ
󲿷ֶʮ꣬ʱ䣬ǧҲ޷ͻơ
ʮͻƵˣɽ缫٣һǻǧϹһƷҲǧˡ
˺ڣԽӼѣһ磬Ҳܿסꡣ
ҪĿ꣬磬ѹԴɱ¾֮а˱ĳ̶ȡ
ϾƷҶ϶ȲǺܸߣƷѾǼޣҪƷˣͻᱩ©
Ŷһ㷺ɫҶҲ֮˳Щӣרз֮⣬ӴջǳĴ
ϲ֮ѾһӰׯ֪϶ᾪһص򣬵ϲ֣֮ǻһʱ䡣
Ҷ㲻գͳ˳Σе
߽ҩ԰ҶЩҪήҩЩӲϵһƬҩָҶÿٶԽԽ죬缸ǧ꣬ÿꡣ
ÿһǧ֮һĻ飬Ҷʵÿ춼ڷű仯֮𽥴Բ׶Ρ
һ죬ҩ԰ٴһλ֮ͣŮӡ
λʦܣҪ輸ҩмã˵ҩ
ŮʮֿĳҶͣͷ֮ϣһϸϸܺʮּеĸ
裡
Ҷû̧ͷκ˽ҩУǹأ˹أ˭裬ҩˡ
ҶĻشҶһɱȻŮӶɱ⡣
Ǻܿ죬ɱⱻȥŮһƽϢеķŭ
мãҪͨһ¡
ŮӷŵʮּȣϣҶ㿴˵ķϣöҩ
˵κ˶裬ԴԹ򡣡
ҶվӣŮ˹ȥҲһʾɫϧҶȻƯǸٻȣѷɫ١
ôȽžˣ˾ȺˣȻ취ҩ
ŮҶһβӣʮջ𣬿ҩǰȴȥժһţͻϵĳͷ
ǰ˵һ˲ôˣȻҶ㲻ӦֻԼȥȡ
ŮӰһҶ֪ҪʲôȻҪժɷݵҩҪһ꣬ϷǵšĲӲɡ
ҩҲˣȻɷҩ⣬Ҷóѡ
ಣ
ҶһΣٶҪŮҪϼֱ֣סĽŲ
ôֱӿ𡣡
ҶһЦԷȻǾƷɣٶϣԲԼ
ôҶ˵ˣһڵϦҩΣȻͻһ
ŮԼҪ֣ͱҶһɨ˻ʼʱ򻹱ҶٶһԼǾƷɣҶ㲻Ʒ硣
ѵʲôϵҪҩһҪõϵɣڶҪóԵȵԴ
ҶվŮԶ͵һɷݵҩֵ޷ժߡ
ÿڲÿݹҲˡ
ŮҶĲժȡŭϣɢһɿɲϢҶһθƷˡ
ߣòҩҪ𡣡
ҶһЦ׼㲻ܽˣҲҪժȡҩ
ŮûκԥֱӳˣƷɣҶݺݵѹ˹ȥǾƷɣ޴ҶоɽƳԼѹƹ
úã
ҶЩʵ٣رǷ֮⣬һ£ھƷ֮£ܲԱ
ƾԼʵҪܾƷ϶ѣ˵ܣͲһˡ
һ磬ҶصĴ󣬲ŮηҶ½ǣŮɫԽԽѿ
þƷ֣Ȼ㲻һƷɣҪǴȥЦ
ʵˣʮУҶٶȲûԽԽ죬Ĳ˼飬һߣ߲ϵ˸
ЩӣҶһֱûʱ֪֮ľ赽
õŮѹƣҶޱʩչһЩ޵ĵط˲ͨٶٴδ


1562 
ʱһһĹȥҶ㻹ڲϵÿŮҪȥժҩʱһâͻֱ֣Ůֱۡ
ջ˫֣֣ҶƻĸֻһѹͲ潻֣ÿǿѹƹȥʱҶವһʧ
ʵҶ϶ŮĶ֣ҶԷûɱҶ˼ֻõҩҶƵƵѾЩͷˡ
ڱˣȻĲˡ
Ůһȣ׼ɱˣΪԼѣҪȥˡ
ڱ㣿ǺЦһ͵Ȼ˵Ļ
ҶȻѶԷ˵͵˿ǰҪƷɵǿʲô̶ȡ
ϸƣ
ŮͻȻıսöӡҶ紺ϸһ㣬һһƣҶѹȻоһ˳Լѹ
и
Ҷʩչ˴иĹӡֱ˺ѣһͨ
ԼӡҶ׵˺ѣŮһ˿֮ɫԷĹô֮ǿȻԼֻ߳ҲƷֵܵ
ʦ㣬ʦÿ첻ˣ赽ҩûС
ԶһŮٵĸϹһܻһ˵ŮӵȷҩˣƭҶġ
ȻҶҲ׵óҩԷԼиƨϵ
ʦÿ첻ˣŮ֣ûиҶȥڴȥҲǽ֣ƲҶٶȡ
˵ʲôʦôˡ
ʮֽʦøͬ㣬ˣһӶѰ
ǵģѾ첻ˣòҩʦáʦá
ɱŮĶҪ޳ˣҪûоҩʦÿ϶
ҲˣҩȷǾҪòҩɱ֡
ݺݵĵҶ㣬ϣҶͨһ£óһҩȾҪ
Ҷ̯̯֣ˣÿ춼ҪˣԼֲǾȲԼֵͺˡ
㹻ݣ
ݺݵ˵һ䣬ŸղŹŮһ뿪ˣ뿪ҩ԰ȥİ취ȥˡ
ʧҶ̾Ϣһһ֮ɫ
ͷѰ
ҶЦһӣŸղźѡеöҩһѪ٣ֹѪܣҪá
ָڳѪ棬һ˿˿Ҷ˳ȥֱӴָһöѨ֮С
һΣҶʧԭأƣҩ԰һεĽƷκ˶޷ˡ
ƽʱ򣬽ƶǹرյģҩܸõȻ⣬Ҷ뿪ֻܷ͵ҩ
ԶӰǺٶȺܿ죬Ӣٸȥʮֽ
ʦ㣬ղһƷ֣Ϊû£
ߵŮһ֮ɫ׺ΪһƷɶò£Ȼõҩ
СӺܹŹ֣ʵߣٶ죬Ҹץ
¶Ц֮ɫԣƷҶ㣬õҩˡ
ǿߣղʦþͲˣ֪֧ܲŵ졣
ŮҲ̾Ϣһҩ԰ϸΪϱչأն࣬õҩ˵ǲС
˺ܿһԺӣԺţ洫ҵĿϵѪڴϣһŮɫҰףûһ˿Ѫɫ
ѹҪѪ٣
Ժӵһ̣ҶϢĳˣŴŵŮǾ˵Ŀˡ
ŵŮǰи󶴣ѪϵӿûгѪֹѪһͻѪҺ
ˣ鵤ҩάȻˡ
˺ܿſڴߣŮѾһϢ᲻Ծ˳
ʦöԲʦûãûнҩʦӦ㣬һ㱨ɱǸСӣѾõ˳Ѫ٣һ
еķŭйҶϣŮˣ϶ΪҶɱ֡
˳Ѫ٣ҲȲֻάʱ䡣
ҶϢĳˣף֮мѹ׷׳ҶΧ
ʲôЦ𣬲ҩҲͰˣȻ
ղŸһǰҩ԰Ůӷһȣһ䣬Ҷɨ
ĳȻҪˡ
ҶһԷĳƫˣҶڴߣŲҰѩŮ
˵ܾ
ˣҶӦܾʦãȻҲ˵Ļ
ܾܲȻҲұ֤ٲ취һʱ䡣
ҶҲżվһߣΪŮŮųָ
ûгѪ٣ξ
ʾǼ𳤽ԼƲסҶ㣬˵
ѪٹȻֹѪα겻αֻά֣ҵ߼ĵҩлȻ
Ҷʶ򵥵Ĳ鿴һŮƣжϡ
˵ͷҶ˵ʵҵӡҲû󲿷ֶڱչأʦҲȲˣӡˣҲֻӻ
δؾͻ֣ÿ춼е֣ôֵİײˡ
ʲô취
ŵûκεİ취ֻܴĿ⿴Ҷ㡣
ʦ㣬Ҫ˵˵ҪǣΪβѪٹ
һŮһȣΪҶЦġ
Ѿ˵ˣѪٹȻӻǾȲ
Ҷ̯̯֣ôͣҲǶţ١
Ƕ˵ˣ˵ʦ֧Ųסˡ
ʦϢԽԽǶ죬ﶷʲôãֲʦõ
ղŶе˲С˹æ־ȾʦãлԺҺһмͼ
ҶʩһþƷƷʩ񣬹ƴȥֻһ䶯
£ɢ˵˳ȥҪҾˡ
Ҷú£˿뿪ˣﰭְ֡
㡭
Ůǵķ䣬Ҷ㾹ȻҪ뿪βŭ
ȳȥѵҪʦһ𡣡
Щŭ⣬һǳ⣬˲ҳɣϽ뿪䣬ֻʣҶдŵŮ
Ͻְɣ
ε̾ϢһҶϽ֣ΪԼִʦҲðգˣԺķǳʹࡣ
·ˣβ㡣
Ҷ֮ºϣаνŮܲףܲҶȥһŮ˵·ǽ֮ˡ
ԥһ£óذףŮǰ·¶׵ļϧѪɫǰһڴСĺڶ
඼һಿλմȾɫʣˡ
ȥʲôطˣΪħ
ҶӣŮûκεȤ˿̣һҽҽǰŮβ˲ǵһλ
ŮǰģһƬֻһ⣬Ҷ㿴ŲѾǳˡ
ħ֣¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫƺԸἰ


1563 
㲻˵ûа취
ҶվӣҪˣа취
øղŲע⣬Ҷ㽫Ѩ֮дĳѪע뵽Ů棬ܿѪҺֹסˡ
ʵҵһħߣ󷨣ƺĳ˵ĹѨ϶бû׼óȻȥʦñһֻħץС
򵥵˵һ飬ԭǷһħߣȻһĹѨػ϶кö档
ħ𣿡
Ҷͷ˼ҲһֺޣдħץУħ壬ֱ
ûħÿ̴ֻС
뵽ħ𣬺һ֮ɫСһ㣬ͲᱻħУȫ׼Ҳܶħ
˵Щ϶ûˣҪξȻʦá
ˣϽ־Ȼʦðɡ
յ飬һ£ͲҶͷˡ
תȥ
Ҷ֪ʼĩúתȥ
ûгɣֱתӣΪҶβˣʲôܱ֪Ҳÿ˶Լܡ
ָŮؿϣЩڵħŮڲһ㱻뵽Ҷ֮С
Щħ̫ˣ֮󣬿ʼ̰ɣ·𱻼һ㣬ʮ˷ܡ
ڷ磬ҶħǣΪħ巨
ħ֮УħϢħϵɣԽٵʵ
ڱѾƽˣٳٲܽΪҲõԴ
ʮʱ䣬ŮħҶյһɶؿڵĴ󶴣Ҳ¶һ˿Ѫɫ
óһöҩ֮˿ϣ֮ʼ޸˿ڽ
ֵˣŮؿڵĴһϣҶԪ֮У˼ʮֻ飬ÿһֶʥҩ
Ҳ˵ҶڵԪսˡ
ȻҶҲóȻǰһʤ߼Ҷ㲻֮ˣҲĳ֮ˣ£Լĵߡ
ûˣתɣ
ŮƵǺأΣľħκ˶޷Уɾ
ƫƫҶ㣬ӵ׵ĽħգŮһ
ûκγɣֱתӣϵʦɫһָ֮ɫǰĴҲ޸ȻΪЦ
ղתӣһֱסˮһ̣޼ɵͷų
лл㣡
ҶľһʾмҶ㣬ʦѾһʬ塣
ô´α嶯ˣ
һҶ㻹һ˿ħӦ˵лӦҶ㣬Щħ̤ɽ磬յĵһħ׽񼤻·һשÿĴš
뿪䣬ҶһʧԭأվԺŮδӦҶѾʧˡ
ûκγɣֱӳ뷿䡣
ʦ㣬ǸС𣿡
ΧںߣΪҶ˲ɣֱܵˡ
Ժٳ嶯ˣϽʦðɡ
𱸵С֮ĶȾ֮
ֱߵߣʦ·Ѿãؿǰ˿ϣɫҲָϢԽԽǿ
̫ˣôģرЩħ֣һƷɰ
˼һ飬һĳ׷ֻǲףҶôġ
ʦ㣬ʦõľ˽ʲô
˹ʵ
һ𣬾Ȼ飬һֱżˣûüҶʲôһ˿죬Щ˼
ղŻ˵Ҷ֮˼ֶ֪α
ʦ㣬㲻û˼Ұɡ
ʦϢҵ鶼ŵ٩Ц

Ҷصҩ԰Щ費ҩȡڽļ죬ȫҲóȥȥˡ
ʱһȥҩ԰ƽû˹֮ҩ԰Ȼһ£ҩҶ

ˣҶ㳤һ۵ֱˡ
ȥˡ
Ҷ׼뿪һʱ䣬ҩ԰ûʲôˣҩ
ƣҶ㳯ɽȥҶ뿪ãһӰӳ֡
ǺЩӣһֱչʦãʦ˹ǿµأлҶ㣬ϧ˱ŸҶѾ뿪ˡ
˳ɽ·ҶһˣҲżЩӣһһɽ֪ʶڵ˺ܶβϢγȥкܴİա
Ҷûаյ̣Գ֮ǰеĹȫˡ
һ·ϺСܿ뿪ţȽɽɼָʾöϡ
ܵ
ҶҪɼһöܵҪɱ֮ȡЧá
Զ壬Ӵһֻľܣ׶ߣһƶʮֿɲ
ӴͣҲƾжٶȣǿٶҶ֮Խ񣬾Լٶơ
߽ɽǿҶҶʮСģɽһٲпֱӱɵ
ʱ䣬Ҷ͸˾ܵϰԣϲʳҶ׼ˣСϪ棬׽˼㡣
׼նڲһЩ壬׽һͷܣӦѶȲ
ǻȣԵ̫ǣޣҲһǲࡣ
Ǿܵķ㡣
ҶͻȻӣŵϾͷ㣬һǾģ⸽оܳû
ʹ֮ҶɵһɸߵĴϣۣ֮ɨһȦûоܵĺۼ뿪Ƭˡ
һԾһ磬Ҷ㽫֮ʩչ˼¡
˳žζ˰֮Ҷͣס壬⸽оܳû
ʼһ޴壬סãڲһЩ󷨣þʧһ׼׵Ҷó㣬档
УǾٲҲ뵽ˮôܽɽ
Ҷ𣬿ʼ濾㣬ɢȥܿˣΪ㡣
Ҷ㲻ôնԼնֱǷľٶ
ΪԴΪʵҶ㼸ȥˣϧһеĴۣʵ
ɢȥʮ֮⣬ŵζʮֺš
˺һ飬Ҷһ죬Ͷˡ
㣬ҶϢ˫гһ죬ʱעΧԼĪһʱң洫˵
ˡ
Ҷ¶һߣӰĵû棬֦ҶڵԼ壬עܶ
һյʱȥˣζԽԽƵһȻڳ߿ζá
ꡭ
Ϊ̫Ӵÿһδ޴ĴϢѾҶĶ
ˣ
Ҷ񣬽ԼϢȫ⾪ܡ
ܿ죬һͷӴСľܳˣëһһɨһۼҪȴϵ̼Ӳ
ӲƤë
ܵҶһѣ̤ɽ磬һθӴ޽֡


1564 ֮
ܻδҶ͸о˴ӾϴֺصϢ
Ʒޣ
Ҷ㰵лһѺҪǻͨޣҶ㵹£ֻܵƤë̫Ӳһ޷˼
Һǰ׼һ潻棬Ҷʤ٣޲ͬ࣬ǣǿǣ֮ͬУ޵еĴڡ
ҶɱߣȴһսʤƷޣ޸Ĳ
ǺܸߣûżߵԱߣڵϵĴ㣬̰Ŀڸܡ
ýƻľܣ
žܳٳٲϵҶҲЩˣܲ壬ԼҪɱܣǷǳѡ
һȦͻȻҲż֪ڸʲôɽͻȻ˽϶
ڵȣǲ˻û뿪û뿪ܻѡߣ뿪֮ģܻĳԵ
ԼĪʱʱ䣬ȴҲɢûӰ֣վΪߺġ
ʱҶޱȼ尾һ΢һ£ͻᱻܷ֣ʱͻݾߣҪ׽ܣͲôˡ
žһȥҶ˷ܵҪɽ磬һβ׽ôޡ
꣡
ܸצӳץȥͻȻһϵʼ³Ҷ˻أ˲ҶǰںõĴ֮С
ʮףܵȫװ˽ȥϾֵܷͣһ壬
𣡡
֪ԼϵˣһҵĺУҶĤѣҺǰ׼ˣԷޱߡ
Ҷ㻹Ǳΰأˤ
ƻɹûκεԥֳɱ¾ֱָ֮ܵ۾
Ƥë̫ӲҪ֮ܣǰƷɣлᡣ
ҶȻԪ񣬷ǿ󣬱ϾƷɣҪȫԸҲлᣬҶ㲻ðա
ûٴηһŭ𣬴ʱܻ֫ֻͷŭľ˫ŨҵĻ档
Ҫܻ֫Ҷ㼸ܽ˵֮ˡ
ͣ
ֱɨоܵ˫ֻۣһ⣬˫ֱӱˣҶ㳤޷˺ѾܵƤë
Ӳ
Ҷһת˵ϣղһδƿܵ۾
ǰС࣬˫ֻۣצӷŲֻҪצ¶˳ܴӿԾ
¶צӣ
ҳɣҶ֣һȲ˵ܲնɱҶԱһ⡣
и
Ҷʩչ˴иĽˣֱ˾֮ܵϣʱ䣬Ľϳ˾ҵĦ
ɱն
Ҷһʽնȥڴиڻ֮£ɱ˾ܵϡ
ģ
һ죬ܵԴɱնһӡܳʹʹĺ

ͻȻһǿֱӽҶɳȥмʮ׵ľ룬ݺݵײһϡ

ҶһͷܵҶرƤë޼᲻ݣϳ˵ıҪ뵽֮У޼᲻ݡ

Ųһ̤Ҷٴγھܵǰɱ¾֮ٴγ֣ɱҶһηĴʱʱ׵֮ľͷת
ֵɣܳˣִ򷨣ǲҪĽʩչϡ
ǿҲôڣɱ¾иȵȣɱЭܵԴѾѪܡ
һδεĳѾŭڼСɲԪͬˮһ㣬׵ûˡ
ҶҲ۵һһû뵽ɱһͷƷܣ˴ľҪƷƹҵľԼˡ
ܲҲ̶ãи޴Ŀӣɱɵģ˼ʮ£ڴһѷ죬˼˾ܵĸԴ
ʧȥ˷·𣬾ܵƤëһһɱ¾ֱ֮̾ܵǰأܵڴ˴
һѪһöȭͷСīɫܵˣóǰ׼õ䶳ӣܵװ˽ȥ
ûͣ嶸Ȼɱ¾ˣʮָðֱӲܵ档
һɺĵˣ˳Ҷֱָע뵽Ҷ֮УϹʱڵޣǳǿ
֮УкĵϢʮǿҪڵǿȻƷޣҶ㶼޷ȡʤҪſԡ
ǾѪǷԼϢͳͳıҶɣһֳĸоϮȫ
̫ˣ
ҶҪ˾ܵľҶ·ŵƷɵϢһͷȫԽܵͻƾ硣
ҶǵãԼһϲʱ򣬾޵ľѪ˵
ɽ磬ʮָٴչ¶޵ľѪҪǿἸʮ
ҶʮƷߣҲһͷƷޣǱʵ𣬲ֲ
Ҷ֮УһħԣħԼӿյٶȣתʣӿٵ
ܵһɱȥֻʣһƤңƤͷûʣ£˺֮뵽Ҷ֮С
ϥ£Ҷ㿪ʼղս̫ǿ󣬱ҪתԼ
ܵ־ڣ޴ŭҶһܿ챻󱬣ľ˳Ҷֱۣ뵽֮С
Ȼ֮䣡
ҶŸﴵһıǣΪҶ㾳ޣ޷ڼš
ˣ
ҶЦһӴԪʱűҶ壬ͻƾ硣
ҶͻƷŲʮ죬ͻƣ¸ȣҪʮſԣ׽Ʒȹ

ҳɣҶ㿪ʼתԪϴθٻӽΪʲôܶţԽսԭԪƷϣзĲ档
ԪȼԽߣʩչͬʽȻԽ
ɾԪʼת巢չԵɾɵһһˡ
Ԫʼ巢չʼʱֻһööָ׸ǴСľ壬ܿȵС
һƷɣתľҲָ׸ǴСʵԽԽ
ҶƷɣ嶼˱仯֮кܴĹϵ
￪ʼƽϢܵԪһҶϣһööӲӵľ壬Ưں֮ϣҶоԼһȭܴ򱬾ܡ
Ǽ֤Ҷʵ˷츲صı仯ı仯Ȼӽ˰Ʒɵĳ̶ȡ
ǷޣҶľ֮忪ʼѣɽ磬Ҷ޷ܵ˼ѹơ
һʱҶŴֿ֮лָըԵ
ȥ
ҶȭһɨһȭˣΪһͷܣֱײһǧ
䣡
һ֣ȻҶȭˣնϡ
⻹ҵ𣿡
ҶԼˣһȭܴ򱬰Ʒɰɡ


1565 Ʒ
һͷܣҶ泩ò˼죬ͻưƷɣмöƷҩиһ£ȫͻơ
ʱҶ㷴żˣ׼һʱ䣬ͻƷ֮뿪
ʱ׷ɱβļҲӡβƷɣƻƷʮͷۣüƷӹûгɹ
һһȥҶû룬ɽԵشɱһЩƷƷޣѾնɱ˺üͷϧӵк̫֮ϡ١
ͨޣ澫ޣҶᴿ֮󣬻ʮ֮һɱʮͷҲһͷܡ
ҲʤޣȻϲܣҶٶֲӿɱٶȡ
һ֮УҶɱͷƷޣƤë׼ȥȡԴڷԪͳͳҶա
ת֮䣬ҶɽʮʱˣɱʮͷޣⷽԲһգҲҲһͷޡ
ʮʱ䣬Ҷϲ֣֮ȻûȫγʵʣԿԺء

ҶͻȻһȣһö޴Ƴˣֱ£ԶһͷʳޣͻȻѣ׼ߡ
ϧϲ֮ѾĴֱ֣ӽץõҶǰֶΣ졣
дӡͷѾһ̯࣬ϲָ֮дӡ
ͷ޲ϵ޷Ҷϲֻ֣֮ԭزϵ
ܲͻƣҪˣ
Ҷͷ޵ڲŵ˺ĵζȻѪϡܱЩͨǿĶࡣ
ޣҶһԾʧԭأȻҪ׼ͻƣ϶Ҫҵһȫ֮ء
ɽ֮У޺Уһͻᴳĳ޴޵棬ԸƷѾǼޣҪƷޣҶҪޡ
ҵһεĶѨϲֱ֮һץѨʯһգ˽ȥҶĴ鿴һûΣգ߽ȥһ󷨡
˶ڣҶڶѨ֮Уڲһ󷨣óƷɾֻʣƷɾƷɾˡ
ҶŵƵʱʹãƵǳԪƷɾ޷ά֣Ʒɾ
ޱҶԭأϵķޣһֳ裬رӵк֮ޡ
ʮֱָ֣Ӳ޵֮Уһǿ˳Ҷֱۣӿ뵽֮С
ܺãڸо˺֮
ϥ£ʼЩ̷һö鵤ͻơ
ߵӣʱҶڲʼ磬һֱײʼ߽ƿ
䣡
ڲҵĺսһ㣬ϵôҶ㼡н
һ׳ͬһļҶֱ¡޾ҶҲһ㣬ǳǿ
𣡡
ҶͻȻһУ˲ͻƾ磬ﵽƷɡ
ܿռͻȻñҶΧСУЩγɵ󷨣ϵϯ
ɽ֮УŨ¿ʮַḻϧҵɾͨǲ٣ϧ޷֮ȡߡ
ͻ֮Ҷ㿪ʼתķҺøٻӽ˲٣ɾһЩҪܵĶ׼
һööɾֱըΪӿ뵽Ҷ֮С
￪ʼ󣬿ֲ֮󣬻Ϊ꣬ʼ£Ԫøʵ
һſžӨ͸ӳ֣ǶԪγɵӣʱˣͻɾ塣
ϵޣѾֻʣһƤңڲĶҶյһɶ
һ˿˿ɲϢҶʯܹȥ˽꣬ǿɽǽϵʯͷֱ˺
ϢڲϵҶǱһ̳ױھƵ˺棬ٶȻŻˡ
ǱþԺҪԼϵȥ򣬼ۣϣۻĵ̣̤ɾܸĳɳ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ͻƵĿ֮УƷɾĴ֮£óһƷɾա
ҶһʹԼץʱ׬ȡԴˣԽҪԴԽࡣ
ʮͷ޾Լϵɾά֡
վӣһž֣ȫͷһĦķһϢҶ˫֮б
úúãƷɣѹɽ绮ƷƷƷһ仯ƷƷһ仯
ҶоԼȫĶ˱仯̤Ʒ·궼õ
߳ڣĿҶһԾʧԭء
ʵ֮Բ˽Ųմصĳ̶ȡ
ȻܷУҶٶ˿ڷУ˫ŵ棬һУǼʮɵľ롣
ݴ˿̵Ҷ㣬ɽ֮зС
ԶͻȻҶ㡣
ʦ֣׳ʲô飬ΪⷽԲͷ޵ӰӶ
죬ǳ׼Щ֣˳ռһЩڵԷȥû뵽ⷽԲӰӶûС
ѵоƷ޳֣
ʼҲһɻ֮ɫɽ֮У޳Ⱥ˼ﶼֲ޵ټʵ
ʦ֣쿴ǰ棬Ӱ˸
Ҷǰ治ԶǴ棬һУǴһ󲨶Щ˶Ǹ֣֡
׷
˲κԥֱӳҶ׷ȥٶҲޱȣȻŴǷѥֲϵĲ㣬ӿٶȡ
ҶϧԴ̫ˣûԴֵǷѥÿһ˫ޱȡ
գۼĹ˺ܿ쿿Ҷĺ󱳳˵ǰ
Ʒɣ
һ㶣û뵽ƷٶȾȻ֮죬ǴϵǷѥѹ׷
һ˦Ҷֻͣӣһ̤һԵͻȻ׷ˡ
ʹһɫҶΧм䣬Ͼɽ֮УðһƷɣٶȻô죬ȷʵ
ΪҪ׷ᣬƺʶɣ
Ҷ˵ʶ˭ΪζԼ׷ᡣ
Сӣʲôˣ֪ΪⷽԲһͷ޶ˡ
˵ҶҲӣ˸󣬰ƷɣҶǰվһ»ӣƷɣӣҲǰƷ˶ǻӵӡ
Ҳ֪
Ҷ㵱Ȼ߶ԷⷽԲޣԼɱһգҶ˵ˣҲδػš
ٴʹһɫҶǵ֮Уһ˿⣬ɽɱԽ龭
رǿҶղʩչֱǼδƷɵٶȱȾƷ졣
Ҷ㾭飬ǵ֮УȻʲô⣬˭ԼƷɵġ
СӣϼɵˣʵǸղżأϣܽǣԺǾˡ
ֵӷЦҶ㽻ܡ
Ҷһ㶣ǵ˼ԭǶԼⲻ֪ԼƮݱ
ڲ˷֮壬һģ㴫ڸˣҲһ
ֻᣬûԴҶѹͲܴǡ


1566 սƷ
ϼˣҶüͷһ壬ϼҲŴɣôɱԽĹκţ档
õı˶ԡ
ԭϼɵĸͽʵڲ˼Լ޷ڡ
Ҷ㻹ǲϣԷͻԷҪǷѣҶҲ£ͻƵƷҸƷ֣һԼʵ
СӣҪǺ˵Ȼ˵ֻѹˡ
˹ȻʲôҶ㲻ֵɫ˲ȡ
ԷҪѹԼ꣬ҶٺõƢҲᱻŭһɳɱϱ
ҵҪѹҵꡣ
˺ȻҶߣΪԼ۸ɡ
СӣǾʶֵ
ֵиţ˳֣Ͽģͬڣѹ֡
ַ绢һ̤һȭҶޱȡ
ϼǴţµʮ࣬һţȻҲûʸϼɡ
ɰСȭͷҶЦһȻ˷˼ʮͷޣҪй
Ҳһȭ
һɺ֮Ҷֱ֮֮ϣһ磬죬Ҷٶȸ죬ֱĳֵǰ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬˵ȭͷݺݵײһγһɲĹΣܲϵĲ
꣡
һˣ·˹ͷѹ˺ѣڳ飬ʮ̶ִ

žһҽУһӴֱӵɳȥдѪɢʮ
ͨ
Ӵֱҽ˵ֻʣ¸Դ棬ұʧӶʧˣ־󣬼ֱǺš
£ֳһƬžӣҲСӣ棬˼֮ɫ
һȭ־ͱˣȹҲһˣӶûˣѾֻʣһš
СӣԻ
С¶ŨŨļɵҶ㲻Ʒôһȭ֡
ϧҶ㲻ǽ͵ĻᣬһֱӳСӵǰϲֳ֮ˣֱסӵĲӡ
˵ĲҾǰԻ
ȻԷҪԼأҶƹǡ
꣡
СӻδӦͱϲ֮˲ӣɾӵʵҶҲš
Ľ׿Ѫڣ·𿴵˷Ҷһ
Ҷ㣬ɱϣԲḾ֮ʡ
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Ҷڸᣬٴηѣʩչдӡһֻ֣ѹ¡
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ѣδӡֱӽ˼޷նɱ
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ղҶܵΣʩչֻ֮ˣֻֻصѹ֮пܽѹ
⣬޷սʤ֣˵ɱˡ
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ͻȻ֮䣬ֱ˳ҶֱײЩľײ֮ȻѣˮͰֵĹ
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Ȼ֮䣬Ҷʩչֻ֮һεֻ֮ų֣ɽ磬ҶʩչѾǼˡ
¡
ֱӳֻ֮棬ײͷѪӰҲͨľƷֵܵ
ҶҲһΣֻ֮˲ѣ˲й¶ָ
ûʱָƣҶ㵯иˣϴɱ¾ӣѹ¡
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ϵ·һѣѪ⣬طֻգۼĹһЩطѪʧֻʣɭɭͷ
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ǾƷɣķǾǱҶܾ׵ķҪľԼ


1567 
Ҷ㼸еĵƣֻضʩչŽѹ
һӺݺݵѹԭأ޷
ɱ¾
ʮָð֮УֱӲ뻪ӵ棬Ȼ䣬ɲԪԼƷ򣬷ӿ뵽Ҷ֮С
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Ҷ¶һߣһɾƷȻں޵ķҶͻƾ磬Ҫ
뵽ԼþƷɣȻһƷѹӿɲǣԼķ
оʧҪҽ˲ͱһƤҶɵһɶ
˻ӣҶҪƷ糹ȹҲõĸȵ
ʼɨս˼ȻϼɵˣһвٱÿԱԼ
˴ָָһ㣬˶ΪҽҶɱ˼κκۼ
ˬ˼ˣڿԺĴսһ
ϰ滹ɱ¾֮ϲɱ¾ڷй⼸µ
Ҷһۣûᣬʼ˵ĴָܿҶ۾ϴ˻Ǹ͡
ˣѹֺܶ˶ϲɱԽ
˴ָ棬ƷɾƷɾҲкü٣ҪӵкܶƵĲϡ
ռһЩҶԽɱ¾֮ĳ̶ȣ˱ڵȵȣȼһ
սʤ֣ĶԼĵ⣬һʼͼ˼Ʒսʤ֣üޡ
ʱʱƣΪмֲûУնɱ˾βӦռȫˡ
ʩչ˲ʧԭأһɱβ
ʱ䣬Ҷ㽫βϢһϲûط
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ֻҪǼԺ϶оβӰӣֻҪĳβҲ֡
Ҿβϲģ֣һԵҶ¶һЦ⣬ƺˡ
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βһ˹ǻпǳû޶˭Ҳ֪ľסںδݣ˼
ҪҲܼ򵥣ļϣһֱһͷƻľββĴºţôġ
βɫöģЩŮӲܶΪ֮ʹޣƻһطҹʱ䣬ô׿غ򣬾βǲ֡
ǣҶ׼ﲼ֣˹ǵαȽϸӣʺҶ㲼֣ѡ˿ǡ
⿭Կ۽磬⿭Ҳһֱ񣬷ǳķһС
һӰ糾͵ĸһ·֮ϣ¶ޣҶڿ˿ǵӰӡ
ǣҶ·оԼ˲ޱС·һˮ뵽˴֮һ㡣
УɾһһȺһȺɽ׵ĴڣطҶ֪ԼεС
ֻ̤Ʒ벽ɾһϯ֮ء
Ʒ½Էˣɾɾ磬Ƿˣֻɽ𲽵Ļʯ
ƷʼתԪһɻɾȻȲɣҲһĵλˡ
Ҷ㻯һӣֱ뿭ǣһվǶĳ
ԺҶûȤܲܰļԺȥɣ϶ߣҲᱩ©ԼĿġ
õİ취Ƕĳ˶ӣʮֻңطҶҲۣҪĿģǵȾβ
ҵĶĳҶװİ磬һһϴһ޴Ƥһñһһӡ
·ˣеǮӾĵġ
߽ĶҶӲļһλãֵȥһģһ׷׿˹
ʲôûǮ𡣡
Ҷóһ޴̣ȼ֮³һȦ
ҶĻ¶֮ɫǮҲڸȫµ˰ɣҶĲģ˭ûǮ
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˿˸ûУѹûмĶĲ֣ɫӲ´Сɫӵз룬ɫӳֻ
һж벻ɫӣ𱬵Ļ´СµѶ̫ûж棬´Сû̫ľԡ
һСһһҲСһҲСֻҪµСκһӮ
һѾʼˣҶûв룬ɹ٣֮ĵˣ棬Ȼһơ
Ƕʱ¶һߣƺһЩ
֣
ɹٷƣ˿ѺעˣѺ֮˫ûȥⷴڡ
Ѻ󣡡
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Ǵ˷һʮˣ߳ϵѡ˴ѡ١

ɹһ䣬ƴ򿪣һֿС۴С
С׬һ֣˵׬ٶĻׯҡ
Ӯ߳ɣȥֻɣ־׬ĳɣӶһ
һҶ㶼ϻǴ֣֮Уһ⡣
˴ͷɥӮ˸߲ңһ̡
ڶ̺ܿ쿪ʼɹٿʼҡɫӣĿתĶţҶҲ⡣
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£ɹôҸϽע
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󲿷ֶͽһٶٵĶģ˳ǧΪ䲻ʮ֣Ǿһȥˡ
С飬ܶ˶
Ҷһһ˶߿˹ȻһӣǮҲһһĳ롣
ûǮ𣬿ʲô
ҶһɣջĿ⣬׷ҡͷΪҶһ壬װɾġ
ׯȻҲ۾һһԩͷԺݺݵһʣʱвٵɡ

ɹҪͻȻŵϴ
ɹٵı飬ҶǵЦŨˣ֮۵ԽԽǿˡ
󣡡
Ȼڻɣ׳ʲô飬ΪɫӲǰԼԸ֣ܿ飬ʼ⸶
һĶ࣬Ҷ׬һɾ˲ۺĿ⡣
һ֣ҿʼעҶҲżȵҶʱ֡
Ѻ󣡡
ӮĳԼһ˳ȥҶϷ
۽ҶֶһҪǸʲôѵǵÿһֶӮ
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󣡡
⣬ǴʱҶЩˣһյʱ䣬ҶӮɾˡ
ľּ
󣡡
ҶӮ
󣡡
ҶӮ
󣡡

ҶӮõʮ֣ǹѩһӮһٶɾҶԼû뵽ܶʼһһֵӮȥ
ׯҶͷ˺ˮʮֽţҶӣȴõ죬ʮֿǴ
Ҷľٶ˶ĳע⣬ܿ˳˹
λүСģǻкĶĳԴүݣ϶ͣûȤȥһѡ
ʱһʮҵŮӳˣʮֽĵĺŴү


1568 ıľ
ʮٸߵҶߣҶ壬һ壬Ҫű·ҶϺݺݵĲһ¡
˿ٸ˺üҺӶֱˣ˭֪ɧķ
ҪǸɧ˯һٻʮҲԸˡ
Ӷ棬һʮҵӺݺݵĹһɧͲˮˡ
ٸϢҶԽŮԽΣգǶһԽߣҧ˲Żᶾһ
ղӵȴܴɧĶһ˿Ϣɢ΢΢ĲţǱҶ㲶׽ˡ
Ҷһ֮ͬɫŸղ˵ӣ̫ˡ
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Ҷֵָܿı飬һѽɧ¥˹ֱĴϡ
Ǿ޴βѹҶɲ棬ʱ˷ӦɧҲоˣݺݵİһҶ㡣
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ɧĳ𿴳ӵģղҶӮһѾĳϲע⣬ɧһ̽ʵ
ߣȥȷʵû˼ˣүȥõĵطôٲ㡣
Ҷݺݵɧƨһ£ⷢһӶɳˡ
ҶһѺɧȻɧҪȾָ˻ûУҶôȻɧĵߡ
ڴΪɧᷢŭʱȴȻһЦ
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ɧƽΪɵӣӮʮ֣ҲǶ壬˶ɵϡ
ٺãҲһֱӮȥҪٲ֣¶ĳһµӯҪҶӮˡ
Ҷΰݣӷָ߰Ǳɧһ۷ֱԲŲҴ⣬ʲôõˡ
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ûг֣žֻɫڻζ֣ŮĽЦԼƱײ
û˴˽һŮƣص߶磬Ҳ
룬ֻһžͶһʮˣ˿ֻжʮˣÿߣŮͬ
˽Ҷеĳ룬Ŵ˹һ֮ɫʲôôӣȻҪɧ
Ҷ㻹һֵӣҵһλֱһƨȥһŮ˹ֶ̣Ѿװơ
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ӣλүǻһ˵һɣСŮӵϣҶóҵ˽ƣλǿô
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Ů£ϧҶĴǯһŮôѲҶ
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ˣɨˡ
һǰĳ룬ˣǱҶ̼ˡ
ǿˣ˰ɣǽ첻ĸĶķׯ棬Լһ
Ҷ¶ζЦݣΪӲˡ
ȻҶһ̼¶ɱһ⿭ǣ첻Ķ
ãҸģ
˻ҪСʲôӮѹ·ȥ
λӣˡðһ䣬˵ĲҪׯңǸô档
Ҷһʮֺ棬Ҫ֪淨
ܼ򵥣ׯһһΣҶлᣬա
Ҷƾŵģʽׯ
µĻȤ׷ѯʣ淨
һׯ֣룬ȻֵһңҪӮҲԴһңΪޣӮԼ𡣱ͨԡ
Ҷ򵥵˵һ¹أÿׯ֣⸶ԼԴӮҲԼġ
֮󣬲ӮҪһңÿֳһɾ
˼˼
ͻȻӶ棬ŰƣΪĲ˼
ҶӣͻȻһԷָֽܿƻҶıˡ
ߣû뵽ȫѹ򣬿ѡǶˡ
Ҷﰵ˵ղǽƻҶƺʲô
˶¶֮ɫĦȭƣһֱׯֻǲԼׯ⻹ǵһΡ
ҶǴƾŵݱȻﲻƾ淨ɫҲһ
²˳٣ǸϽʼɣҵһׯ
һһƣ׼һɾһׯ
ҲûһһΣֵѹȱɾҪľִ̼
ûмҶ㣬Ƕݺݵĵһۣ˼һҶÿ
˵һ䣬עҡɫӣǹأĵľǴ̼
ҡɫӣȷעûж˼ˣעܿٵ㣬ûкڵء
Ѻʮ򣡡
Ѻʮ򣡡
Ѻʮ򣡡

ѺʮٵѺʮҶٵġ
дСβ룬Ϳ˭ˡ
ҡׯҾҪͨԣѺѺСׯҶȫӮеĳ롣
߿ʼҡɫӣĻζ˶ĿתĶƣѾûкڵء
ѵ
ϣֻȿĽˡ


1569 
ֻȿ֣һִСʻ࣬ׯҿСƽ

ƿʾڴҵǰ
ҶѺСʮƷɾ
һѺʮĴ׬ʮɾǶЦˣĲŹӮ

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һһʮ򣬱һʮ򣬶Ӯ֣Ӯһٶʮ
ʮ֮УӮ࣬ԸղŲĵ飬֮ܿԺ
ֿʼҼעһעܵǰֵӰ죬һѹһʮ׼ׯҵĳһɨ⡣
ѺǴ˷׷Ч£ȻҲѡѺ
Ȼׯʣһʮһ⸶ֻܰճĵȼϷ֣ƽֵһʮĳ롣
ֵǣһѺСֻһˣ󲿷˶ѡ˸һ
ֻʣҶһˣԥѺѺС
СӣԥʲôϽעǲ䲻ˡ
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һԵɧﶼ¶΢΢Ц⣬ղ¥£ҶӮʮ֣˶¥ȴ֣ѵС¥³ǧˣ
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ԭҶûôĳ룬Ϊ¥ǹǰԤ֧ˣĳҲġ
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ĵĵȻׯңܿСׯһǮֻӦӮٶѡ
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ƺܿһδҶȽϽţΪһֳ࣬ǣ˵񾭡

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˶վɧҲ⣬󣬵־ȻһС
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Ҷһͳȥʮ򣬻ǺˬǰҲһ׬ôࡣ
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Ҷľٶɫѿʮ֮УᣬҶ֣ЩŮ󲿷ֶΧԼߡ
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ҶѾ֪˭Ӧǰٻĸ磬ҲҼӡ
ѹϻ˶ԴһĴӣҪȱԴǲˡ
ɫӿʼζ¶аЦһҪǿֳԼӮһٶ
Сһ־⣬һ򶼲ġ
ΪһжٶСٶСԼıǮ룬Ҫȥ

ַһۻҵĻڶ֮£һϵеĶϡ
һȣƿ¶ڴҵǰ
һһС
СЦˣ޼ɵĴЦ˶ɵ죬ڳһͷˡ
ˣЩԽܣҡǳӵķչ㲻ǱӣҲ
ôðһһˣ벻ףҲ벻ͨѵԼĶļ˻ˣ
һ֣Ӯеĳ룬Ҷֵʮ򣬲ˡ
ЩŮ̲סˣôˣÿһ˶֣Ψ죬һ־еĳ롣


1570 ׬׬
ƣ˿ɱ˵ĶˣرǿҶӵұŮΧߡ
ӮңԼҡ
ϴ󲿷ԴҶ㣬һ֣ԼѺעʱҶҲѺע󷴶ȫҶ㡣
ҶͳȥԴģһŮôܲ
˶֣Լһ־еĳ룬Ҫˣⶪ˶Ѽˡ
Ͻׯָˡ
¼ʮҵߵȲˣѾȷݣӦҲϼһ֣Ҳ
ö֮ˣκλ涼ڣҲ⡣
һĽƣֻܵ󼸾ûлᷭˡ
ٶʣ޼жٶңһ⣬ֻܳĳ롣
һƽڣֽӮһҶ㼸ƽֽš
ҶĿҾβɲ
ׯ׬ǮӶʼˣֻһ⡣
һׯһׯֵܿҶ㣬ֻʣˡ
ҶһһŮӣȻŮװˣҶ㻹ǴϵϢŵŮ˵ζ
һǾβҶԽӿ϶Ѿ֮۵ӡǣֻҪ뿪βӵĺǣҶ㶼ҵ
ʮҶӮ˿һǧƷɾˣЩϹŶʼ۲
ȻǲںϾƷɾǧͷǳĿֲˣһƷɾҲʮöƷɾһöƷɾһǧö
ƷһƷһһ٣ƷһƷһʮƷһƷҲһʮܿƷɾĴˡ
óһ룬Ҷ׼ʼˣ˷׷ĦȭƣҶϳ࣬ҶϷҶϵԴ
벻Ĵһ㣿
ڴҵҶ㾡۵ףԼӮô࣬˭ԼϹϷ֡
ѵҪע
ˣҶ׼Ӵ롣
ģԣҲ⽫Ӵ򡣡
Ҷ¶һߣҪԼׯҳӴ
Ȼô˵˷׷׵ͷͬ⣬ӮҶһȷʵӮҪӮۡ
һͬľȻ죬ʱЩ伱ˣϵԴ߰˰ˣֻʣ¼֧š
ҶӴ룬ֱʶĳĵλĳѹᵣˣ˽ȥҪˡ
ҵĵλôܽĳϢй¶ȥ
˶ûҶ׼ʼˣһѺһ󣬹ȻǴֱʡ
ŶעϽĳ룬ޱϲ·Щɾһ
ڶϣǮʵǶĵǾ磬ĵãֶΣǽǮ
ʼ
Ҷһɨֱ䵽֮УһöεĴڲٿһɫӷҵĻζ
ʱ̣ܶҶƺԸ˷ʱ䣬ֻʱ䣬¡
һС
Ҷĺ֣һҶӮ˲ֻ࣬һ򣬳˵һ֡
˷ܵЦСָֻڵڶ֡
ɫĶܵγˮƺÿҶӮԼĶľ棬ׯҶӮöĳ롣
ӽһǧа˰ģʮƽ֣һ˷ֲ١
Сӣ˵̫磬ľֻδ
ޱ䣬Ҷһ𣬾ͳҪҶ֡
˶ڻɣҶǲǹӮ룬ΪûӮ˵ģʮ֡
˵ûľֻδ֪ĳ뻹
ҶвˣҶˣ̫סˡ
ĲҪƽͣмĸ꣬һĸ֮ˣԶӮǮ
ڶֺܿ쿪ʼһѺ˶򣬿Щǽˡ
һһ򣬵ڶֶ򣬲Ŀľݡ
ϵĳ룬Ҷ㲻Ϊ⣬٣Ӷ١
ɫӿʼζʱ仹Ǻܶݣڴգ۵Ĺ£ûʲôļ棬һҶһӡ
ԭҶΪҶǮģȴû뵽˶ȫⳡɧﶼû뵽ɡ
ҿ
ҶûԼѡûŮȥƿ
Ůõ˶ʮĽҶ˺üڣӶҶ㻳
д֣˵Ŀ֮£ƿơ
һС
ſСŮ˷ܵĽһֺȻ˶࣬ΪϾֿľСҲһ
ҪҶӮ϶ҪһЩСѸԿССŮҶһӡ
ף
̲סˣղŽƷɾȥ˶ٶ򣬿ʼǽˡ
ֻ۾ˣ
Ҷ֮Աǣһ˿Цڳв֣ԼףѵǷֲ
ڻڳ˵˫ۣǲΪͬһƭ㣿
Ҷ㽫˶Ȧ˽ȥһ˿Ӳմߣһһıĸ֡
ף
ôܣڳĸǸ֣һҶѹûв룬СŮҡɫӣҲֻһɺϰˡ
ƿԣֶû˵ʲôʸɡ
ǲ䲻ˣǵýʱ˵ʲô𣿾䲻𡣡
ҶЦһ¥ԼҶ㵱ȻңӮһǧɾƺ֡
˭˵䲻еԴһ֣ҾͲһֱС
վӣ¶첲ӣȻһͽ̬ҡҡͷ
ûҳӵͷΣɧͽȥˣ˿ı飬Ҳǰü
û˵а˰ĳ룬ҿԾעֻҪˣһ⸶ֻҪĵҾ𡣡
ҶͻȻޱϬʮֹؼΪܶˣڵ档
Ѻ󣡡
һ˵Ļ죬ٴνƷɾһǧ
ֱʣЩЩĪˣֻҡҡͷ󲿷ֶѺһҡ
ֵĳﵽǧ򼶱
ĺģʮ궼ûгֹˣҶ㻳СŮס˺Ҵһ¡
ɧҲⳡʤغֵı仯
ҶӮˣĺģȻҪﵽһǧ
ҪˣҪ⸶ٶ󽫻ˮһҡ
СŮҪСãӮˣһɡ
ҶСŮС֣һ£ؼһ֣Ȼ
СŮʮֽţ֣Ŀ⿴ɧˣҶ㲻˵СŮҲʹ졣
ҪӮˣڳЩ˻᲻Ƥ
ر죬ݺݵĵŮղžԼ˶ɾ
£ڣû˸Ҷô
ҶСŮϹһ£Ҫġ
ԶɧҲ˵ͷʾԣȻӴ⿭ǵĴĳҲ˵϶ǿ߳
ɧӦСŮŷģƣʮֽţ˫ҡ
СŮҪͰǧʧ
Ҷһֻ§СһֶֻϵľƱһܵģ


1571 ı
һ֣Ҳ⣬ʮֽš
ɵĵȻֻҶһˣʱעβı仯ȻѹԼǱҶ㲻ϵķ
βöģ˽ֻ֪Ҷû뵽βһͽһ֡
ʼգβĻ٣ʱҲ٣Ҷ㲻òĶļǿ
һ˵Ʒԣõѡ
ʮ侲ֻˣһĺ˼֮ˣһӵǿš
˵֮£ϣɧҲϴĺġ
СŮʮֽţȫǺҡģҲɫӻζĺ޹ɿԡ
ƫƫ޹ɿԣҶѵĻᣬйɿԣҶôףô֮ۡ
ȷֱ·ͻȻһЩֿ϶ᷢ֡
Ҫɫһֱ߶һֱߣһ·ڸߵĸҲֲˡ
Ҷ㲽ΪӪӽһ̿ʼͲϵĲ֣Ůڻó
̫ؼˣҶһԼҡǴССŮҡǽͲһˡ
žણ
ϣСŮȫǺѵĸоֱ̱ҶĻģһԸɵ壬ѹҶؿϡ
ЩϹŶ¶Ľ֮ɫӮңӮ˳룬˹顣
ҿɣ
ҶûżƿȻСŮŴ򿪡
СŮСƣ׼һƿȴҶסˡ
żУ
Ҷýţһƿˣû˼
СŮȻһƿƣһɫ¶˳

˵죬¶Ц⣬Ǵ󣬿֤ɵĻῪ󣬳ֶһ
Ҳע⵽ˣֻû˵ѣĿⶢŵڶöɫӵĳ֡
һڶöɫӳˣһÿһ˶쳤Ųӣŵڶöɫӡ
㣡
վǴˣһһ㣬ԼҲӮ
һѺĴӮˣԻծҲٱ𣬺ĴЦ
Ƕͽбڶĳܿ
ȴе˲Ǿ鲻ô򵥣һʼƺеĸо
СŮĶᵽɤϣˣҶһֽҪһǧĳ롣
쿪ԥʲô
ȲˣϽʲôһӮˡ
ɣ
Ҷ¾ƱСŮƿơ
ƿһ̣˶ˣöɫӳˣ˵ǰЩǵŮǣ׷׾ۼ
⡭ⲻܣ
һ˵Ļ죬һƨϣ˫¶֮ɫһֻҪ۵ĸӡ
ҡɫӵСŮˣıסҶ㣬ţҡģ
ⰡǻǧϹŶȻ治һС޶
һ̾Ϣһʱ֪Ҷ㲢ӣһıԵĸ֣Ǵһʼ͹Ҷ㣬Ҷ㡣
ӣͨɱ
˵Ҷ㣬öɫӾȻҲֻҪһ壬ǴҶ䣬ƫƫıӡ
ʼʱؾͶˣͨɱ
еĳ붼£˹һ֣ҶǰӮһǧӮǧƷɾ
ǽģ
Ҷ˵óһɳ룬ҲǶʮɾ˻Ů
ллү
ǰڵʮһ֣ǵӦŮӮ˼ʮ򣬼ֱǰδе顣
˼˸λ
Ҷ㳯˱һȭ֣˰˰ֻϣ˫Ŀ޷ʵ
ӣû°ɣ
ɧ˹۵Сִļϡ
û£ǷǶĳԴһᾡ컹ϡ
ƺһˣǳ޳ͷԣһʼҶ㣬ʮֳ嶯ÿעǡ
ӻҪҪȥ
ɧﵱȻ컹һǧɾңӵмʮÿɾڵճɣһǧ

ϻжһȻׯϣܰһЩ
һֵŮװӣֻóһĳ룬δ룬кܺõĿ
Ӯֻһٶʮ˼һ𣬲һǧ򣬶Լһһǧ
һֺƽҶѺĶʮ򣬴󲿷ʱ䶼ڸŮΣǵŮɫĸƻƵá
һˣҲصһˣʼգû˵仰
֣֪ûȤӴ룿
ҶͻȻ˵ˣƺΪ֡
ЩףǶʶվţհףĳʶѾһˡ
ޱ飬ûлش𣬵ҶĿѾﵽˣҪش𣬸ղ
Ҷ㺰֣һ˿ţƺԼݱʶơ
˼ϴˡ
Ҷܿ˹˵Լϴˡ
һЩңƶ֪һλˣ˲֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬲ˬĶһΡ
ûѺעʮ̫ˡ
ҶҲ⣬ÿζʮԼĶļӮ֣һ֣Ӯʮҡ
죬ƺȫˣׯϽʣĶɾʱ£
ɧл¥Ǵ͸ġ
Ҷӳһĳ룬ֱɧм䲿λ
лүˣ
ɧｫһ򣬾۽Ƕ˳飬״˭˴ֱʡ
Ķֱ̫ˣʼգֹֻһαӣһԼҡġ
ҲһעʢһΡ
˵ɺϣɧﶼţôôɡ
ˣүãھ۷¥ҳԷҪ
Ҷվӣǵĳȥûκεͣ
˵ĻᣬֻһҶʧڶ¥ޱȣûзӦ
ÿٶȣ˾򵥡
𵹲䵽ٵĵزû׷ȥǲ˲ᡣ
ǵȵ׷ȥʱҶѾ֣ʧһ׹⡣
ҶƵˣӮôɾҪȫ뿪ô򵥣һɧ򿪶¥ƣֵõġ
ǻһɧܴ򿪶¥ŻƣҶɵ뿪ƺϬڶĳ켣ôãɧûС
ת䣬ҶժϵαװıϵϢɢһħ⣬ڵסԭϢѷԼˡ
Ҷٴγֵʱ򣬿Ӱ׷βС
ҺøղߵļʱȻ
ղŵĶľ֣Ҷ㻹һ£һٲȻҶ㿴ʮɣⲻ֪ŵ˼㡣
һϸСļʧ󣬾ͻڴˡ
ӽ¥Ϳʼ֣§Ůߣŭ죬ŴóԴͣһС
ҪҶڷĥѣܴﵽıĵز


1572 ׷ɱβ
ҪǣҶûӮԴһԴ죬һӮ߰ʮҡ
˵߰ʮʲôԶҶɱⲻǺԡ
ʵͣƷ۷壬һֻſɾ
Ҫ׷ɱԼȻܣҶȻҪζģ϶ֶܿ飬ѡӮԴ˭һʼԼ
ҡڵҵһջҶϴһ裬һƷʳһ쾫Ǹ߶Ƚţڷ
ȵҹĻٵʱҶһ׺ɫ£ܿʧҹĻ֮С
ǣ
㵽ϣҲǵƺ̣ܴЦҲһЩطм˵Ĺ
һ̻֮أ洫ݺݺĸ˵ЦŮ˵˷ڵҹԶԶ˵ߡ
һڵӰ˳ŰĵĽȺŮŮһӵұڳ֮ϣЩ뷿䣬ЩΡ
ӰĿһۣٴλΪһ磬ʧԭأһԺȥ
𵥶ԺģǺͣһѵĿˣ󲿷ֶ᷿ܶ෿һġ
ֻжԺ䣬Գݣڲͬ߼Ĵ
һԺ䣬һʮ§ŮﻹһЦ
үŪ˼ˡ
ֻӴֺݺݵڻŮزһѣǵŮһ
үܲãźˣСٲǣҪźĲã֪
۽¶һ˿ݣĺ֮
үģһ֤⣡
Ůϱ·þͲ࣬ܿһ׻䣬¶׵壬弸ӵǰֻʣ߲
ŮϵŤ壬ƺʮܣղı飬һɢȥϵľƱһһ
һһӵȼˣͷʵĿǰŮ
ŮŤ֫ذڶøӷɧϵӿʼҵĴϢȫһͼ
ԶĺӰƺ̲סˣڵȥǿ϶˷׵
ݣ
һֱ֣ӵޱȡ
˭
ӵľ˲ѣղŵЦҲ֮ʧ·һ䣬ת֮䣬ʧԭء
ǾβһκεĳɣʧҲôЩ꣬һֱúԭ֮һ
ھβʧһ˲䣬ӰҲʧˣһĨ磬žβ壬ڽθı̬ĺǵһʱ䷢֡
һʱβıʮףƾ˿ҲҲβںδˡ
ƫƫ֮ӡǣҲܵһʱҵ
βֱһֱ˫۾ڶԼôЩޱĸй١
ڶȥΪо⿭ǲȫˡ
ⲻ֪ҶȦףǱ뿪ǡ
֣ᾪˣҶɲ֦
ʱֵҹһӰգۼĹ뿪˿ǣڴ֮⣬ɽ
˵β޶Ҷˣ⿭ǣҶٷˣβʮ
ÿһʮΣһ˼ѷ֣һ·٣Է
ĺӰǹһ㣬ܿ׷˾β
˭
βû˽Ź·һֻεסˣҲѲ
ɱˣ
ӰӰһ߳ȥܿվھβĶ棬ֻʮ֮ң
˭ƺʶ㡣
βʮ־裬źӰƺѹͲʶ
㵱Ȼʶңʶ㣬֡
Ҷ¶һߣһ·׷ĺӰȻҶ㣬βƵ˿ǵ档
㣡
֣βƺǰӮǧǸӡ
ûҡ
ҶҲϣӮʮǧƷɾ
ҵʱ˭㾹Ȼˣû뵽ûҵ㣬Լˡ
βͻȻЦʱ׷ɱҶ㣬ҶܵˣҪϷϵɾ
ȴû뵽ϣҶԼˡ
ΪΪ˶ĲŽĶĳ𣿡
ҶЦһԶĲȤΪҵβټҶҲ̤ĳ
Ϊʲô
β֪Ҷľ֮һķ֮УҲ¶̰Ŀ⡣
ɱ㣡
Ҷ˵֡
ЦƾҲɱҡ
β˵꣬һֻ׵ĺ꣬վļϣȻǾβ͡
۾Ȼûͫףʮа죬˲ֱӡ
ù˫ۣ
ҶͻȻһβ˫ʮֹȣղҶ㿴һۣ·궼Ҫݽȥֱ˯
˫۾д߹ܣǧֱ˫ۡ
ʱĽҶ㣬βǵãѹô˶ɥھβΪϵֻꡣ
ҶͻȻջĿ⣬β¶һ˿֮ɫԼѾ˷ΪҶû˯
ղ֮Ҷ㣬ǵѣεĸоɵȻҶĿǰľ磬Կܡ
һֻƺ𣬼ֱǿЦ
βͫе֮Ҷ㷢֮۳һ˿仯ƺҲдߵá
Ҷ˲߶֣ͫȱЧ
ͫȱĿľ˲ֵ߽ǣһִ߶ݵ˯ߡ
СӣǴԲѣɣ
βøҶㆪȥһץҶļץȻĺ֮
úã
Ҷ㲻˷峤ֱ룬ֱӳھβǰ
дӡ
һɨɲԪ֮Ǻˮһֱѹھβϡ
䣡
ֱײһҶԪȻҪȾβҪֲһĨǿ⣬ֱӽβƷɳȥ
崫ʹβ¶һ˿֮ɫЩţҶ㲻Ʒɣʵô˿ֲ
ಣ
ٳɣβ˺üҶϯѹ˵βȱԴϸͣȻ١
һ־ǿҶ㡣
ɱ¾֮ˣֱʩչ˴Դܿ컯ˣȻӲӲǿԵġ
ɱ¾
ָٴһ䣬ʮָһβĵץ˹ȥôõĶҶҪ֮ȡ

ҶҪԼĵβŭ֮ΪҶǷˣѵȵҪ̣
ȻǲܵģôǿҲȲǿϴɣֵܵ
ϡ
ʮָҵĦڸҶʮָ໥Ҷȫڵ
þβɫ䣬ԼһʲôĹ̥Ԫǿᣬޱȿֲ
и
Ҷٴʩչֱӻ˵βϵʧȥٿ֮
գ
ԥֱս˾ħ֮У׼β־


1573 
˲ʧʧ٣βԭأԼƵĵȻʧˣ
ʧȥ˵Ҷһֻǣֱȥֵʩչǿķ֮⣬β׽ҶӰӡ
͡
ͻȻ֮䣬ܳһĺ⣬βϵĺ˫ðһɺĹâҶ
ʱ䣡
ҶججǺһֻ˯ĸоٴγ֣ѹô׷ɱβ޹ھβ
ۣ֮ɣ
ҶֱӼۣ֮ܵĺɵһɶΪ֮۵ĲƷ
˯ĸоʧҶٴ˵βǰˡ
֮
һöڵҹֱֵߵβǰ£βԴ
ƵףԼôһƷɵ
Ųʵ񣬾βһ㵹£ԴҶȥʱҪһԴ
գ
Ҷ㿪ʼɾβķǿľƷӿ뵽Ҷ֮С
оԼľٴ٣ʧȥ˾βվϵĺһҲһҶ塣
ϥ£βرֻβ͵ĺܹ꣬죬ֱ֮۵С
ɫ΢ʱҶѹ¶һĻߡ
üĵһֱ֣ӦҲԶݵĴˣԸ֣ǲ
ɾ£Ӧû˿вԼǰü޵飬һƵڶ硣
βĽָʶһɨҶҪЦ
ڷһǧɾϣţҩʤЩҶγԴ
ʵֵ̫ˣ
һڿ̻һЩƷҶ뿪תص˿ǣҶҪҪȥ
һϣ
ղҶһ²ϣƵĲϻˣȱҪϣʮѰβҲûС
ֻȥˣϼһǧƷɾ⼸Ӧ㹻ˣԹ˫ݣ˱Ҳĳ̶ȡ
뿭ǣһл糣Ҷһ£к̣ܶ򵽲ϣҪϡеĲϣôס
ֻҪԴû򲻵ĶҶȱֲϣֱҶѪո֣Լ˿ľ
ÿһֲϣֵϣߣۣҪƼƷֲϱز١
һɾҶС֪ǻһºУĶȫ֪кܶණǺ·ģϼ
ҶҪ˿ľ곤һ磬ǧ곤һߣܳһף̶ȿ֪
һЩţֲ˿ľ˶ܵõΨһİ취ͨУ˴һЩ֮Уֶͨθġ
Ҷ׼ȥп򵥵һǿͣմӣһͷǳ׺
вڿǵ򣬶ƫԶĽǼ֪ҶǴ˺öˣѹҲ֮ء
ǰһƬ򣬼ӰҶ֪оص£ֻϵʱſ
Ѿǻƻʮ֣ò˶ãоͻῪš
ԶѾӰҲǳźģ䣬ʧһƬ֮С
еҶ㻹ʧ˲仯Ϊһ磬ʧڽС
ѹִ濴ЩһεĽƣ˸ʶ𲻳
һ͸ʣҶ·һƬء
ʪ󸯳ζʮţİĹڻζҶɣԼǲ߽˵
Ӧһ£ҶſܵȻһŽ֣Ǹֱ仯ǰϵ磬뵽˵¡
Щʮֹϣ֮󣬱ð߲һʮִæһʶŶǰС
ֵ࣬ڷź̯ܶλһЩϡŹֵĶܶණҶѹûм
ĿҶһֵ߽֮УֵϵĹۿöȻܶ࣬Ҷ϶УӾβϵõٵı
ϰ壬ûҶ
Ҷֱٰڷ̯λϣҶСʵ
ҪҶ
Ҷģ̯һʮҵӣһҲݹϵļʮֽӲյҶǰҿ˿ƺлһ
л
Ҷ㻹̽ԵʵºУܶණ涼ҲƾҶҶ˲ʮ̣ûл
ûУ֪˭УֻҪҿ԰㵽
̯̯֣Ҷ̫ϡ٣УֻһС
ãֻҪܰҸ㵽ʱٲĺô
Ҷʵ̯λˣûҶܸ㵽Ҷԡ

̯Ҷת֣һεĵطҶ㰵䱸ʮֹ죬һĿʾˣɱԽҲ̫
ƿһСţһ룬Ҷԥһ£Ǹ˽ȥƵüޣҶ㵢ˡ
ڶԸһľƷҪֵƣһƳڶϾƷɣҶʤ㽫ӡ
ϾƷŵȣҶĶһƷҪ벽ɾҶƶҪѡ
ܰҶ͸ۣ֮һ䣬һˣãϢʮޣʲô硣
ϴҪҶ
Ҷӳʩһʮֿ
ûУ
䣬ֱ³֣ûҶˡ
ϴ첻ǻö𣿡
һɻ֮ɫûнװҶӦûϡ
˵ûоûˣҶѾߣ߰ɡ
Ӱ˰֣˸ϽȥȻҪˡ
߰ɣ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ뿪䣬ϴƬطλͬһ㣬ںлȥˡ
Ҫټ۸񣬲ſҡ
Ҷû뿪ǳʵԴ⡣
˵ҶˣڷϻˣϽ
ϴȻˣɢһϢٲ뿪ֱɱˡ
ÿںж˾ͱӽ˿棬Щõĳ󲿷ֶʬ巢ġ
ûв´о綾ʮܣִڹؼʱ̣ϣײưɣŹ˵ûˣǸϽ뿪
Ҷ¶Ϭ֮ɫֱ̺ϴ壬ŵҶһ
Ҷ˵Լо綾ӺϴϣɢһɼŨɱҶͻȻоһһֻδ֣סĲӡ
ֻҪֻҶĲӾͻᱻϡ
ȿȡ
Ҷ㷢һĿоӶҪˣǻһ
ǿϴʵǳǿҲƷɵƷҡ
㲻ͷֻҲܽϵĶ
Ҷѵ˵ϵĶʮֻ֣Ҷл
ҶܽⶾҶ㲱ϵδ֣ƺһ£ҶĻЧ
ҺеĶǺļʱڵһʱɡ
Ҷˣ˵


1574 Ҷ
סҶ㲱ӵδһɣȻҶĻá
ϴжˣ
ҶӣŹ֮ɫ֮Уȴ˸
ǵϢҶûиоǽĺϴǸӦˡ
ͻȻ
Ҷ㲱ϵĴʧӰ٣ҶߵͻȻΪһ⣬ĺϴ˹ȥ
ϴֻ֪Ҫ֪ж飬϶ὫɱڣΪԱֻΪǿˡ
Ҷȳˣúϴо綾ʱȻ֡
Ϊֻ֪ҪԼ֪˺ϴжϴǲԼ뿪ģǰȳˡ
˵Ĳ֪ҵ飬ֻ·һ
ϴ䣬ƺϵһ㣬嵯𣬳ӵǰֱӳһ
ģ
ͻȻһΣҶ屻˳ȥǽǴŹ̵Ѫ䵽ϡ
ϴúݵģ
֮Уͳϴһֻ֣ӵǻһʺץ˳
Ͳģ
ϴƺԸɱӣֻûа취Լж飬ǧй¶ȥںл죬ĸûж֣ö֪Լжˣ϶᲻ϧһд۵նɱԼ
Ϊ˰ȫϴѡɱڣֻҪ֪ԼжˣȫҪ
ҶһĶ˹ȵףΪϴɱϡ
ϴɱңϵĶԶ⿪ղԶԪĶѾڣڲųɡ
Ҷ֪˿̷õģԸƷɣʮҶҲǶ֣簲ԭء
һС޾ȻԲѵ˵ܽҵĶ˵˺ֶһῼһ
ϴȻҪɱҶ㣬һ˿ϣҲʧ
ҶȻһۿԼо綾϶вһĵطҲԼ
Ӧ˶ǲǸоһᷢһᷢ䡣
Ҷһҩ԰ҩʱ򣬹ۿ˺ܶ鼮˵ֶҩҴҩ԰֮УҲҵƽֶҩķ
ҩ԰ҲһҶҩ֪κһˡ
ҩľҶڵѪҺ棬ǱܽκεĶأѪҺ֮Уںֵϡҩ
вҩɽǿǾ䱦ҶȻյĲ࣬ǼܲסӴ
Ҷ˵ʱһֱźϴ۾Լ˵һ˿仯ȻҶ¶ˡ
ԥಿλľΣʱҲˡ
Ҷ㿴ϴԥ˵
ãܽ⿪öҶҪǲܣ֪
ϴԥ˺ܾãǴӦҶ־βˣ֮ǰһնɱҶ㡣
һΪ
Ҷ¶һϲɫöҶټֵһǧɾװ׵õֵ̫ˡ
ϴϢϥԭأһɱĺͷųҶ˵Ĳȷ˶
һ涾ںһ컨Ļ涾ޱȣһմһ㣬ʼʱѵںȣȫӲ
ôֶ
Ҷ˹ϴʵ
ʵľͱʣ
ϴ̬Ժ˺ܶ࣬ǲҶɫֻƽһЩ
Ҷûм׷ʣ̫ӣǳΪӺϴϵɱҶܲ³϶˽֡
ǧʹԪˣĺѾĹ裬Ҫһκãܡ
Ҷ¶һߣĿǰֶȻѴ֮һκãϴһɱԼǰװˡ
ϻˣϽ취
ϴһȣֻҪܽⶾУڼενеʱ䡣
óһذףںϴұϻһӣһ˿ĺ˲䣬Ҷ㶳ôһ¡
䣡
ǶĺϴǰƷɣƾ⺮֮ͽĶ
ָһ㣬Ҷ֮У˿˿ҩϴ棬ʼĶ֮
Ҷ㻹ĵʩչɹܣ֮ս֮УЩ֮ǳĴ
ʱһһĹȥϴĶʧִ̹ǵĺ䣬Ҳȥ
һʱҶֹ֣ͣϴĶյ߰˰ˣֻʣһңҶ㲢δ֮ոɾ
һΪ˱ҶһɶֽţϴͻȻѣҶлἤ
ҪǺϴɱԼʣµĶ죬ܻ⣬ҶôҲ֮١
ҶŸϽ
ϴӻӳƬɫҶӣҶĽűߣŸϽȻ˵㻰ҶöҶ
л
Ҷæϴһȭ߳䡣
Ϊһ磬Ҷʧϴ󷴻ڣΪ˰ȫȥ֮Ҷٴһ
ҶҶҪѰѪոֲ֣ϸϡУֻѪɳĮлڲŻ֣ÿһöѪոֶǧľγɡ
ںУֻҪԴû򲻵ĶҶ̯λѪոֵϢ۸ǳ֮ҶҪһ߳ңȻһǧɾ
ҶڲȱɾǱһԼ׬ǧɾһ֣ͽȥһǧǾ˺ϴöҶҲҪһǧ
Ǻ
ҶõѪո֣ε̾Ϣһ
СӣҲʹҪƵǼƷЩܱ⣬һĵɳĿռ伫ޣͻƵĳ̶ȡ
Ľʱ˵֮Ҫ̣ϣԼıһֱɳȥ
ĵҶҪ⼸ϣĿǰϵԴ㹻ˡ
˵ĲΪ˽ڻȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷϰ˵ĲΪ˳Զ㣬Ϊһʱٲϣ˳ôơ
ߣȥһϣ
ģеԽԽ࣬˼ˣҺҶıȽ磬ܶطѾ
Ⱥ֮Уּۻ۵ߺ֯һ
ϰ壬ôģ
Ҷ㿴һһ߶ߵ࣬ʮֺ棬ʮֹӣҶоһ׺֪ΪΣҪ֮¡
ǧɾ
ϰͷ̧Ļش
ɾ
Ҷ㻹ۣⶫûûǣûз򲨶Ҳȥһ
ΨһҶȷǣһЩ棬ΪҶӴģҲϹʱһͨƷ
߰ɣ
ϰ徹ȻͬˣҶоԼϵˣƸʮɾϰ嶼ȴǧɾ
ȻҶ㿪ˣҲڼۣͳɾö࣬սָȻȥʱо
Ҷ˫ֽӴһ̣ü֮е֮ͻȻһ£ƺܵǣ
ѵĶ
ҶжϣҲıɽ缫ٿУϾˡ
ҲУҶĿǰûзĴڡ
ʱʮƹأ֪˶ٺᣬڴж١


1575 ޼
һˣҶ㻹ûҵ˿ľϢҶѪո֣˿ľϡУʱжһõ
ϰ壬֪˿ľ
ҶתһȦֻص˸ղŹĵطϰʵ
ҶĹϵϰ̧ͷһҶ㣬֮У衣
Ҫ˿ľ
ϰʮСģʶⱻ֪
ûѵУ
Ҷ˹Ҷӣϰʶĸ˰ɡ
ûУҪ֮ҡ
ϰ˵꣬ûҶ㣬ֻһͨѶȳȥʱϵ
ҶͨѶºжʮȫ󲿷Ҷ㶼ȱԺҪʲôУһѡ
һҹʱ䣬ҶҲˣתȥ
ǲʣҶص˵ϣɫҲ΢΢
ҵһεĵطҶ㿴˴Ӻ֮߳ܿʧ뿭ǵС
һʱɫȫʱҶ㻳ͨѶ
ܿ죬һӰһöһҶߡ

ûжķϻҶкһ䣬ʧԭء
ҶûԥΪһ磬ֱ׷ȥ
ǰӰԽԽ죬ƺڸҶһ㣬Ϊһֱߣ˲תܿʧ
Ǻܿ죬Ӱͣ濴ȥһɻ֮ɫ
ڵ𣿡
Ӱǰ棬һҶ㡣
㡭
ӰȻںйǸϰ壬ֻû뵽ҶٶȾȻ֮죬ܵԼǰ档
߰ɣҵʱ䲻࣡
Ҷ֪ǹ⿼Լ̽һԼʵֻû뵽ٶϣҶȫѹ
һ˶ٶȣһʱ֮һƬƺ궼л֣ĵ棬ֺɫӦһ
ģǷӾǷǳˣΪ¶ȳĸߣҶ̤ƬأǱ濾һ㡣
ֵˣƬսϣʯһӣľʵķӣƲ죬ӾͻȻ
ס
Ҷһ֮ɫֲֻﶼ˵֮ˣһء
𣿡
ƫԴ֮Уһ˿ʹ֮ɫ
ҶҡҡͷκоɣȻѡסҶţҲɡ
˺߽ܿʯķ֮УǿҶ㱻ȥеҲĺ飬ʮܡ
棬ȵϯڻ¯һ㣬ֵˣмȴ쳣䡣
ִ̹ǵĺ䣬ȵγĶԱȣֱ֮
ںм䣬һˣòƺСˣеĺǴɢ
޼飡
ҶͻȻһʱŲۿ˺ܶ鼮о漰޼ֶ
Ⲣһֺͬ꺮棬һֲ޼飬һֶ棬һ֮У˲佫˶
ԭҪǿĻų޼壬Ҳα겻α޼Ӧ¶֮һҲʳľѪ
㾹Ȼ֪޼顣
ߵ¶һ˿֮ɫ޼鼫֪ҶǴһӼϿҲʲô޼顣
֪Ƥë
ҶЦһԼ֪ľô࣬޼γɵģѹ
˵û޼飬£֮֮ûжԿĺ
̾ϢһмߣĹϵͬһ㡣
˵֮֮ܿ޼飿
ҶֵʵԼϿӵз棬ؼ֮ܿκа֮
ûϧʵ΢ҲֱֻȥУ׬ȡԴϣҪĶ
ԭȥа̯׬ȡԴҪߡ
ˣ㲻Ҫ˿ľһڣһǧɾҪ߰ɡ
ƺ˻£Ͻ֮Уһӡ
žણ
Ӵ򿪣һڰ׳˿ľǧĳɷݡ
Ҷ㰵ԾԼΪǧ˿ľͺˣȻǧĳɷ֣Լ׬ˡ
ûκεԥҶóһǧɾ֣֮˿ľһǧɾ
ûʲô飬ӹɾսָ档
һɨҶ㽫˿ľκ֮Уʮ˳ϣڼ۸ϣҶ㶼ܽܡ
ر˿ľΪؼԽãȻҲԽã˿ľɽ綼Ҳꡣ
󲿷ֶǰ굽ǧңǧĳɷַǳϡ٣ֻҪԴҲ򵽣ֻǱȽϷѾ
Ͼ˿ľĲϣֻ˿ľлɱ¾֮а˱ĳ̶ȡ
ϵ֮֮𣿡
Ҷ˼ҵĺôУҲֻ˿ľˣǸмҶԡ
ΪҶӵУʹࡣ
֮֮ҪԴ
Ҷ֮֮ӾͲҶ¹ˣԴ
ûңҾԣܲܳɹҲ֪
ҶЦһѸԼΪһ壬ôȥ
ܵ⺮֮𣿡
ӻвȷ޼һ¶Ȼή͵һǧȣɾᱻɱ
˵ֻԣܲܳɹȷ
Ҷ㲻Ҹ϶Ĵ𰸣һˣһʱ䳷ԼЦ
ãܾȻҵĸףӴԺҽɸţԸ⡣
ӽнɣмĸףΪ׶һ޾ɽŲ޼ϮȵӳʱѾʱ
֮£ɽ״û֮ѹ޼飬ϣӳ׵ҵƽ֮
Ҷӽ￴ϣ˵ѣҲҶΪʲôԭ
ɽ磬ҶһˣҪɴ£ҪŶӣҶһֱڻᣬɸҶˡ
Ҫɴ£ⲻұֱۣһлᣬҶҪúõĸ̸̸ڼҲûеλ
ǣ޹ңΨһľԼĸףҪԼκĸףԺ϶׷Լ
һɵĸ߹ȥǿĺҶϮһ£֮еķܿ챻ȼ໥ų⡣
Ҷס޼飬¶һ˿ϣ֮ɫȥܲסֱӱܳ
û뵽Ҷ㲻ƷɣȻסˣϱ黹ʮȻ
Ӧ˺֮Ҷٴǰ˼ǿҵĺöһ㣬Ҷ档
ͻȻɢһҶ󣬳һͷӰĻ棬Ҷ
һнɿ֮У¶ڴ֮ɫҲˣܾȻԼĸס
˫ȭģֻҪҶܾȻףһԼŵԣԺ׷Ҷ㡣


1576 
ӰһɢϢֵ֮⡣
߻岽ң岽һɽɣҲһܺȥ
ɣ
Ҷʼܵĺ֮Լѹ
֮һͷͷһҶ֮УʼŰݱһѩ׵ĳӣϵ䶯޼Ӱ
޼飬ڽɸ׵棬Ҫװγ뽫޼ճ
ԽԽŨʱҶ㣬һ񣬻ɢ־Ϸ˷޼˿һ㣬Ҷ治ϵը
ĺ֮뵽֮УҶĴƺоѵļ
ۣ֮֮ǧǰʮ֮ĩһɹתʱգߵڰס
ҶСǴ֮֮һɴܿĹܡ
棬ԣ
ֻв֮תǬߵ¡
Ҳֻ֮γشĸ֡
ҲֻܽӴԪʼǴۣ֮벻

ڰ
кŮ

벻ʢ˥ʤ˥ᵼʧ
ﻹ￪ʼγ̬ʼϯܣ㣬ҶΧ
־ֻɵ㶵վԭأЩ֪룬֮Уһ˿ϣҲҶܾȻԼĸס
Ӧ˺֮Ҷٴο粽뽪ɵĸףֻ֮ңˣֿɼ
ĵĺ飬Ҷֱ£ķ棬ϵıѹһȦҶ㱣
ɸ޼ƺܵ˴̼ñɲĺ֮ɢ
ɸ帲һı˪˶һĽһĶᵽɤϡ
һԼ׾Ȳ˵סˡ
ȣ
ҶͻȻһȣǿȶȻܵĺٴαѹȥ
ħͿˣ
Ҷħպ֮־֮뵽Ҷ֮С
ֱգҶܲס˾ħת֮󣬲ô񱩣ֱӳ⵽档
𽥳ͣ͵һ̣Ǵɹʱ
Ҷ۾񣬲һ˿Ĵ⣬һ޼ͻԼʱҲɸɸһԶڴˡ
ħϵţħٴγ֣ɽ磬ħ̫á
ǿĵħ濪ʼգγ˶ŵľ棬ӿĺ֮ԽԽ࣬Ҷ㵤ﴦڱ͵״̬
ҶͻƵƷɣﻹδ浽㣬ôĺ֮ʼ͡
֮£Ҷֻý֮뵽֮УϣԽԽǿ
£һöö̲ϵҶ壬֮ԽԽŨǽɸϵĺȴۿɼķʽϵļ١
ղϻһ㺮˪תۼĹ򣬺˪ԽԽ٣ֿɲĺһ뵽Ҷ֮С
ԶĽɣ˫ȭ󣬲ָ֪׶뵽ȫܲ
ҶðվԼĸףݶ飬ɼסˡ
Ҷȴ룬һʵľѻᣬѰôĺ֮һ˴Ҷֲǧǰʮһ֡
ĻᣬȴȫҶ㡣
ҲǧѷһΣҶû֮֮Ʋ޼飬ˣҲǻԵ
ҲԵˣһжᳯõķչ
һȣҶٴǰһ뽪ɵĸףֻһ֮ңҶ־ܴ塣
Ҷûôϥ£ʼ
Ҫģպ֮֮˳
ɾմվԭأʱƣѾһһҹҶƤӶûǽɿԶ϶ԼĺԽԽˡ
ֱڶɫҶ˫ۣһƣ֮ɫǴ˫֮Уһ캮⡣
ǰһǽޱȺأһҶǰҶһһҹĺ֮

ҶͻȻ³һˬޱȣ·ڲϴһ衣
ǰֻ۹⺮֮뵽Ҷ裬һɶ
˱ޱ飬ʩչ֮⣬ﵽɾĳ̶ȣɾ֣Ȼû˿סԼٶȡ
û°ɣ
ҶһһҹƼˮ꣬Ҷʲô֪
û£Ͻȥ㸸װɣ
Ҷվӣ߳ӣ½ɸԭء
𽥻ָǳ˯̫ãҪһʱѣҪһЩƣԼȫܸ㶨ҪҶˡ
վ棬Ҷĳһöɫĳӣ޼飬˿̱ģȫôСһȻͷųǧȵĺ顣
ħֱɵΪһ˿飬Ҷ㳹ա
һһ֮ˣҶǰ磬һһȻͬǳȴһֱ治ǸӰĸǵӰ
սԻ֣ҶĴɹ
֮ɹһ̣ҶС΢΢һƺѵļ
ҶܿһЩ֣Ȼ¼˺ܶشֱָģȪۣһš
Ҷγʵܹ¼Ͷ˾磬м¼۾硣
ر⾳Ҷ㿴Сܾ£ĲٿҲŤת
ڷ磬ҶͺüʩչŤתǬ˼
ˣһݣ
˳ҶǰֱӳҶһͷлȻԼĸס
ɣжعĸ
ҶһУɹһ뾹Ȼȥˣɫ΢΢һ䣬ԼǾƷɣҶԪзȣȻоɲ⡣
ã˵Ĳ˹عĸݶҼˣû̶˸մ
ɲ֮ˣܿվҶһ
һҶˣϾղſðվ˽ɵĸףȻԼǳĴⲻĨɱҶðվˡ
Ҷ㣡
ˣԺҽǲҸ׸ջָҪչһʱ䣬Ȱٺ˸ףһţźˡ
ģֻҪ˭ܾȻԼĸףһӸˣ˺ü꣬û˿Ծĸףˡ
չ㸸Ҫ
ҶʱûʲôƻбԼҲûôԴӦ
ˣҵɾջȥ˿ľұ˵ġ
ɽһǧɾ˳Ҷ㡣
ˣŰɣ㵽öľ϶ҲѲԴ㸸׻ָڼҪĵҩά֣Щɾÿó
Ҷû£һǧȻܴ󣬵ҶѾˡ
ȻҪ򽪷ɣҪ
ãҽɲٽ飬Щɾǽ˵ģԺһỹϡ
ٴξһ


1577 ǿ
˽ɣҶ㳯ŸȥͨѶҲ߽Լŵĵӣٺ˸֮ԼʱŸ
һ֮ҶţûлصѪ壬ֱҩ԰
뿪ʮˣ֪ҩ԰ΣϳûС
ûгأҶҩͯݾ޷ժҪȵϳأҩ԰ĻԷ
һʱ֮Ҷҩ԰ſڣֽƻǿģƺδأⶼȥһˣҪƶٵҩҪôõʱ䡣
ʮû¾ҩЩήңҶ򿪽ƣӿ飬׷ӿҶ֮С

ܵĻ飬׷ױҶ棬оޱ顣
ͷҶҩ԰һᣬȥһԴ
æһ磬Ҷ㽫ҩ԰һ飬ҩȫָҶջ飬ϵĸԼ
ֻԽԽãĳɾͲŻߣߵĸԶ
Ҷ£ͷ˳ҩ԰߸Ϲ
ҩ
źҶЦеʵϴͻȻҩ԰Ϊ˾ͬʦãҶ
ȥˣҵʮ졣
һŭʮʱ䣬ÿ춼ڵȵҶˡ
ң
ҶָָԼЩ
һǸлϴγ־ʦãڶæװ׳֡
ҶһϴҶ㣬ʦùѾˣʮ޸ʦõȬ
˾УлˣҪϢˣ뿪ɡ
Ҷ˰֣˵ǸлԷѾлˡ
ôҶ˵ˣװ׳ֵġ
ֱţɫھӢ֮У׷˶ŵɽˣˣ˭ܾ
쵹ãҶ㣬ȴ˱ŸԷѹûж࿴Լһֱۣ˯ȥˡ
ûȤ
Ҷֱӱ۾ᡣ
ŭҶһۣ֮£ֻת뿪
뿪Ҷ˫ۣΪҶ㻹ҪҪ
ϳأҪصѪ壬׼ƼƷǰżҪ顣
ûҶȣֻǵ죬ڳˣԤһ³ʮʱ䡣
ҩ԰ľʮָˣóĽ͸Ҷһǧɾ
֪Ҷϻһǧɾ֪θ롣
ϷԸҩ԰Ҷɳ֮⣬κ˲̤롣
Ҳ˵Ҷʱջ顣
Ÿм֮飬Ҷ㽫ˣȡһЩԴѪȥ
뿪źѾӰˣѪһѪ죬ɱӡ
СӣղԴ
ҶǰӰղҶ㽻ʱƺڲԶ
ǿҶ쵽ǧɾסҶ㣬׼·١
Ҷһ㶣漴ˣ¶һߣв۵ġ
ҪԴ
ˣҶϴһ˿ϷŰ֮ɫ
ٷϻϽֵܶÿ
˶ǰƷɣҲǿҶһˣ·٣ͨ˵ǧɾҲһʲƵԴ
ҵҪôҺÿ
Ҷ˫ֱأǵЦԽԽŨˣҪ㣬ȻʲôèԼ
ʦ֣ϻˣȷ˵
С¶֮ɫߵʦ˵
һϣ
һƽʱûٸ飬ʮᳵ·

ҶǾԴ
ʱ䣬ܿռˮһϵĸı䣬˺öӰ˾Ȼʧԭء
γ޷߳Ҷ㻭ǰߣȴˣֱǹ֮
ɣ
Ҷ˵꣬ﳤȥͷӬһϵԭشתǴߵıǬ
һ̤Ѫ壬ŨɱɱƺҪǰŨҶеɱ¾֮һѡ
ǿɱ
ҶСҴ⣬ŭǸӡ
صԼסԺţʼϢһ¼¶ޣûкúõϢ
þҶ׼ƵֻмƷܳҶڵʵ
ϣҶóӺй࣬ϵоʲôΪ˹ϡ
ʶһȥӴʱ֮ر˷ܣѵĶ
ںУҶ㲻ҵʶڿʶһ͸Ǹоʲôͬ
ʶܲԭ򣬲ȻͷеİˣѵԼһƷ
ۣ֮
Ҷ뵽ۣ֮ʱҵף֮𣬻аԻͼʱ򣬶֮ۡ
üһֱ֮͸֮ϡ
ֵˣƺһѿһ޴Ŀռ䣬׵磬֮У׹˸
Ҷʶ˲뵽޴Ŀռ֮Уͷ֮ϣ׵磬ʮֿɲƯڿռϿա
˭˭һˣ
һ֣쳹Ҷߣը죬ըҶĤʹ
һӰ֣һվҶǰʮҡ
ˣ
񿴵Ҷ֮رǿҶüĵֱۣ֮ӳƺҶΪˡ
ʮЧ֮֮α仯֮Զı䲻ˡ
ǿ
ʮҶ㶼˽ˣǰֵӦǿ
£ˡ
ǿʮֹҶʲôò֮Զ仯
ôɽ磿
âգףڣ⣬ڷʱҶ㶼ˡ
ħսͬʮһսձɢҲֻʣһƲл꣬ӡ
һΣǴδսʧ˶
֪ɢδ
Ҷ᲻ϧһдۣҵʮڴµʮƹأҶѾҵ
Щ䵽˷磬ЩЩλ棬ֻˣпҵǡ
¶֮ɫʮѱɢӦԷˡ
ļλѾҵˣҲµò˶ãҲɽ硣
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫǶ͵ˣò˶ãҲɽ磬ʱΪԼĸ
ʮЭҶԿһ춯صҵ
úúãھʹ׾һ֮ճɳ
׼ԼľҶ㣬ʱͻ˯֮䣬Ҳûǿˡ
ͻȻ䣬һɽɫֳˣǹ׵ĵ⣬׷ӿҶĻ꺣֮УҶĻ꺣·Ҫűһ㣬Щ̫¡
һյʱ䣬ŽԼеİ崫ڸҶ㡣
ҵˣҿڰһ顣
ͻȻޱ˴󲿷ò˶ãͻʧ
ڼƵơ
ҶԼҪƵõİ֣ûʲô׵ĸӴˡ
ҪԼƣҪʱ䣬Ȼֳɵİֶ֣Ϊ
ƳĵԾ춯أҪԼƵǿһٱ
ɣ
ûоܾǿƳݡ


1578 
Ҷԥóɱ¾֮˱óǧֲϣϡϡѳһСɽ
رҶѪո֣Լ˿ľɢϢ
űصĲϣҶϵȣǿ˵ͷҶóһЩϣ޷Ƴ߼ı
ԽƳıȻҲԽ
һ׵ˣδ֣ǧֲȫЩ׵ӣֱ֮Уʼᴿ
ҪҶһᴿ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ҪҶԼƣ˵Ҳʮ£ƣһܽ
ڵʣӲ֮мѹղŻһСɽת֮䣬ˮһңڲϵѹ
һʱᴿϣҶǾĶǡ
ԼͿʼˣ֮кܶ಻۵ʣҶ޷ųȥ
˭׵磬ܻһУ׵֮Уǿ
Щľһ׵Ϯѿ׵֮еÿľ괺
ŲԽԽ٣Ҷü䲻ûеģ¶˷֮ɫ֤ЩϼˣƷӦò
һУ׵翪ʼݱɾ޴ӣ֮״ʼɱ¾֮Լ˱
Хƣɱ¾Ұ
ʱݱ֣ڸıɱ¾֮Ʒʣı両Ʒʡ
ʱɵı̬ﵽĳ̶ȣû˱֪һıʲô
һݣȿסˣֿΪһϧݲ֪ںδ
ǿ˺ѹɱ¾֮ԭ֮еʣҲһ飬ֻɺޱȣɱ¾֮
ǿĽâֱ֮ңǳĿֲĵȻĽף˷ܵĶҪг
Щ׵ڽ֮ϣֵģԽԽ࣬γһѭ
Ҳһ𽥳󣬾һ죬Ŀռ޵ķŴҪȷʱִ˺üȦ
Ҹ棬֣ʱ֣ʱʧʧʱǴԽƲ֮һ㣬ʮֹ졣
ڸ֮вϵɢܰҶ񣬸õĲ򾳽磬̬
£Ҷϥ£ʼڸԼǰǿ֮⡣
Ҷ֮Ѿγɣݱ˴ϧһֱûƣڵõ񴫳УԽɹ
ǧˣǿĶ֣ܿԼĵǳԽԽá
ǧһʱҲǧ֮ף֮ʱ
ֻвܸıأµļԪ˵
ȪֻۣǲСƹ˵οǲ˴
ǳļ򵥣ûҶôӣһص㣬ֻҪ˻֮Ȼ֮
¼ĵãʱ䣬ǰ޲ĵطûȻ
һ˿˿绡Ҷϳֱ֣ϣ׵磬Եޱȿֲ
˫ͻȻ̧˲ȥԶһɽݺݵĺȥ
䣡
ѣɽ˲仯Ϊҽֱʧ·һ㡣
ҶЩˣЩԽܣȻǿдӡ
ҪǱУûˡ
ҶɹʱĹҲ뵽βڣɱ¾֮׳ͣ޳ź⡣
ӣһɺϢ·Խʱ⣬뵽Ƭء
ϧҵʵ֮һȻҿԽıֱƳ𡣡
ӰȥЩήңĵ
û°ɣ
ҶûȡǴŹ֮ɫ
ҲΪǰ漸λ֪ʲôûãΨһõİ취Ǵ½ʮ񣬽ǵĴд½
ˣʮܲؼգҪˣ
ʮƽ֪ԼҪɢʹǵˣԼĴȥѰµ
İɣʮһƹء
Ҷ㱣֤ǰǷܣҶʵʵ⣬ѡ֮Ҷ㷢ģһҪʮ
úúã㣡
һ㵭ܿʧ֮䣬Ҷͷϣʧһʧһɢˡ
Ҷ̾ϢһΪ˰ԼҶ˸мо塣
ɱ¾֮صҶоǵˣǼƷҶ㳹뵽һ
СӣǴˣƵǽǱпֹܲпܴﵽʥĳ̶ȡ
Ľʮ˷ܣʣɳǼޣһӶƻյ㡣
Ͼǰ侳ô꣬Ҫָȫʢ״̬ǳѣԭĽΪܴﵽĳ̶ȣͷǳˡ
Ŀ̫СˣҵĿǵ
ҶĿ⿴ԶȻǿ󣬵ǸʥȣԵСĿҶռĿ꣬Ƴ
ǿǳƬأҪȻȪ۵۵˻ʱʻҪ߼
λ۶ûƳҶ㾹Ȼ˺ΰ룬Ľǻðһɺ顣
Ҳһ죬ܳΪ֮ϡ
֮ܿ˳Ҷʶص˱֮Уŷ֣ɫѾ
ɱ¾֮ҶԶ϶ԾƷɣӵдɱ¾иȵȣȫԽ֮ѹ
дԴдֻС
ǧҶ˲ʮ֣ҪǴȥһɽһ䶯
ϣɽ綼֮ӣʮϣƶһˣҶ˾ֵ⡣
֣ǳĿǰһʩչܾ춯ء
ֱһˣ֮ϣ׵磬Ҷֱ۶ƶܵѪ·ܵǣʼ궯
׵ԽԽ࣬ҵĺѪ巢ҵĻζ
Ȼ䣡
һӰˣףֱӳҶǰ
֪ĺӰҶһϽ
μǰ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬СһԷ鲻ãԼˣˡ
ȻƷвԼǲնɱԼ
ûκεһָͷѹԼ
ɽ㣬ڸ̤ǰһɱۣ
˿һҶ㣬˵һΣʧҶһڷҡ
ʲôô𡣡
Ҷҡҡͷ˼ֱ̫ˣҶ㵽ڣĿûпʱȥˡ
˭ң
Ҷղź˵ɽƺԼҪóȻɽ϶ᱻɱ
ҳɣҶɽ¸ȥޱȣһʱ䣬ͳɽλá
Ҷʧһ˲䣬ٴγ֣·ƾð
ÿٶȣ滹ɱ¾֮
ٴʧ
ʮ֮Ҷɽ£һϤӰӡ
ô㣿
Ҷ㲻۲ʵ


1579 
ɽµӰҶ˫ֱأζЦݡ
ϵǣ㣬ֻҪϳ֣ôٲ㡣
Ǻǲģϴҩ԰Ҷܾ֮󣬴ϢҶѪӣָˡ
˵ûȤ
Ҷ̯̯֣ھ翨Ʒȥһʱ䡣
ȱžܾٴǰħߣԼڸı䣬Ƕ෽ã漫пһɼķĹ
Ȼٴλصħߣһ̽ǲģ˼֡
ʲôϵȥѰûбҪƿɡ
ҶһϴһЩħʵ٣ҶҪȥҺħߵľλá
ԭԼһȥħߣھıء
ȻＫȥҶ㻹Ҫ˵룬ȫҾƷɣԼԷǲԼȥڻҡ
ܶŶӣһЩʵµĵӣĿľǴͷȫΪڻңôһû̵㲻ˡ
Ҫٶȣֻٶȣܿٵĺᴩ仯Ī󷨣лὫ󷨴򿪣ǽȥ
ûϴҩ԰ʶҶٶ֮󣬲д뷨Ҷٶȣ
Ǻôأ
ҶȻһνӣҶ㲻Ȥɸħò˶ãҲƷˡ
һˣ߸ˣõı˾֣㿴ô
֪ҶʵƷʱ򣬾ٶѹԼͻƵƷٶȻ졣
ʲôʱ
ҶƺӦˣ֤ʲôƽ֣ҶֻܵЦҪĶʲôˡ
ԽԽãΪԲ֮ҹʱħŻἫٳ֣ǵĻᡣ
ѹʮżѪ壬Ϊм죬Բ֮ҹˡ
ȥ㣡
Ҷ˼һ£ȥԣһֱƷ磬Ҫħ
ɽѰҴħǳѣѵħÿ
ã
ҶӦ¶ϲɫʮֻ뿪Ѫ塣
źıӰҶɫͻȻҶһͷ࣬Ů϶᲻һеĴӦκεĿǡ
飬Ҷ̬ü죬ԷԼ޷ԼٶȣڹϷֱأҶֻЦһ
Ҷ㲻ųǺ⣬Ϳеˣ̹֮ҶȻˡ
ϢһϣҶָʢ״̬ɫһͻΪһǣʧѪ塣
סĵطҶȥһΣᳵ·һյʱ͸ϵ
ںԺӵУӰӣҶ׷׻عͷ
˶ӣƴϴ֮󣬺ʦһͬǰˡ
ҶһʶֱߵԺӵУûʱ䣬һ׽³֣ĳ¶ȥ
ӵĿ˹ȥ֮Уһ˿ǿҵռȻޣҶ㻹Ǹ֪һ
ɫϵȣ˵ŵӣһЩʥӶڰ׷
˵Ŀ⣬Ȼһ˿֮ɫǴЦӭ
øλõˣһ£
崺磬֮䣬һһܡ
Ƚֱ꣬ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣ʯʦֻʦ֡
ҶһһͷǼ򵥵ʶһ
λҶʦܣżţ
ѾҶ飬żŲá
ʦãûɣһƷǰⲻǸ׸𡣡
ʦ˵ЩƲҶ㣬ϾҶƷɡ
ҲһЦ⣬Ȼû˵ϵıѾˣЩƲҶ㡣
¶һ˿ѿ֮ɫҶģ˺üΣ붯Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣬ӦˣʧĿ϶ǡ
ҶʦȻƷɣǿɲҪСٶϣ˲һܱȵù
Ȼϣʱ˫ա
ʦǲЩ־Լˣˣ˭ٶʦֿ죬ĲϷţǶһָ
ʦ˵꣬Ҷ㿴һۣ֮Уǳ
ܵʦͦͦظһİ⣬ƺڸҶ㣬ٶϣ˵ڶû˸˵һ
ʮΪѣʼʱ͵ģǻųҶ㣬û뵽Ƿˡ
ʦ㣬һֻˣƤ
Ҷһ㲻ԷԼӣҶαع˼ǵӣֱ
ȻҶ¶ɱһ񣬺޲ﶯ־ɱҶ㡣
Ҷ˵һ䣬ʱǸϽɣ
Ͻס˫òͻ
ߣ
˷һߣʦ֣Ҷ㣬һΣʧԭء
Ҳһٶ˼£Ҷ㻹к˦
ǹҶ󣬼Ȼ˵ٶȿ죬Ǿһȡ
ҶЦһŴǷѥܿ컯Ϊһ磬Ҳʧԭء
ԺֻʣҶһˣѾʮʱ䣬ͬȾ磬׷Ϻѡ
Ҫǵͺü磬׷ϣˣȻҪҶ˦ϣҶμӡ
¶һ˿Ϭ֮ɫҶ㼸׵ԭʧ֮˲ʮ֮⡣
յʱ䣬Ѿ뿪ţɽϣûӰ˷׷״Ц
Ҳ˼˵ٶȿ죬ƨɺԻҰɡ
ʦ¶һ˿֮ɫһյʱ䣬ͽҶ˦˳ȥ
˵˭
ǰ棬һӰվ֦ϣĳ֮ɫ
ʦͻȻתԴǼһҶȻǵǰ棬ôܡ
ֻкͻƷҶٶȽﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ҶûдǷѥʦ֮⣬˶ǷѥȻǱҶ׷ˣ
ˣҶʮʱ䡣
ٶƵʦ϶¶֮ɫ֪˵ʲôˣıҶһ⡣
Ҷ˵һɣǸϽڲԼϾɡ
ֻܳ䵱УҲӣϾǶǺʵ׷ߡ
ֻܽŭѹƵ˻Ϊһ磬ٶȲάͬһٶȣܿ뿪ɽ޾ɽ֮иȥ
ʦãȷ˵ĵطһɾ
ʦֳʵɾ϶вٱмƷҩ֡
ҪǵõһöƷҩһ磬ͻƵɾ
ƷɵƷ鵤ǵҩ֮еͨɫҩ֣ܶ඼Ѿʧܽеóģôֻɫ
̸ۣҶû˵·ϱֳĬԼĿĸǲһԲĲ롣
Ҷʦܣ˵츳ǳĸߣ𣿡
ʱ佫ҶϢһŸʼڷƴҶճ֣š
ϹèײӶѣƺˡ
紫ԣҶ˽ӣ˵յӣںСʱʹڷ츳ǲŹˡ
ʦһ


1580 ħ
Ҷ㻹ûлشʦҶشˣ˵ҶϹɵġ
˵Ҷ츳һģͷҲš
ҶҲýͣٶҲǶ࣬϶Լ˽ӣǾȥԼҪɱԼ϶Ҫ˼һ
һ·ʮֳƣȵɽŸϵ˵ħߣѾǳӽɽҲ֪֪Ϣһɶ
ǰħˣСģħǳĶ࣬ǧܱҧС
ѴңȻһϵĶѣСȻ˵ͷ
ħǻɱ١
ʦںǰԼʲôһȣҪ֤Լǿ
Ҷں棬ǰһӴСɽףڵħɢ
һȣʦڵһλʦֽ󣬽ǺҶ
ںףɢŨĺҶһֱҶʦ֣Ҳ顣
ಣ
ͻȻӶѨɳһֻڵ壬ޱȣתۼ͵˴ҵǰ
ħ𣡡
һΣжϣħˡ

ʦһ˹ȥǰСħ𷢳һĽڵϣɹɱ
ʦֶֺΣ
ļ˷׷׷̾ó֣Բʮ׾յʮ
ԶֻʦֻħδڵϲϵĶ򣬷йɵƵʡ
άʦЦŨǾƷĺôѾһЩı¡
ֻҶ㣬üͷԽԽ
ƵʸԷ޷ǳͬЩƵ֮УҶоһ˿ζ
ʦֲóȻ֣ʱһͲħ𷢳Ϣʱ䡣
ҶȻףǴ˿˵϶⵽ǳЦֻվһԡ
ҲҶüı飬ߵǰ
Ҷʦܣôˣ
ŹϵĿǣҶʵ
񣬿׶༪٣
ҶԺûʲôһ·֮ϣʮչԼȻҲ˵ļʣԼ
Ҷô˵ɫ΢䣬ϴʦòڴˣ϶ⲻȥ
ԼСҲͰˣȻ˵Ļˣڹȥü
˵̸ûбܻˣȻҲǵĶһų֮ɫ
һСΪϣҶʦҲǺ⣬ǾͲҪڼƽˡ
ȻҶ㣬Ѿߵˣ뿪϶вʡ
ҶƲƲ죬ԼĺȻǱ˵¿ηˣȻˣǵȥˡ
һ˺ܿ·Ҷߵħǰָһ㣬ħħ˲䱻Ҷյһɶȫ뵽֮С

ҶҪһǿѹָоȻں棬˵ɺµľٶ
һ·ʮƽûħ֣ƽЩ棬ǼЩˡ
ħ𲻶ϵĳ֣ȫɱʲôûУֻнŲڻصԵɭɭġ
ʦã㲻˵кܶħΪοһֻ
ʦҲǸԼ׳Ϊܳ˽Ų⣬ֻԼˡ
԰ϴʱȷʵħϮ޹
Ҳʮ֣ħô˲ʧһɶ
ħ𲻼ˣڵͶ
Ҷڵۣ֮Ҷֱɽ
СӣҪںݹǲˡ
ʦЩ̲סˣҶ㷢һȣΪҶװŪֻš
ǲǣһ֪
ҶøǼƽϣΪò˶ãҶôܻһȥƽϡ
ʶȤ
ҶҲδ̼ҶһȻģʦҧгݡ
һֱҪ̼Ҷ㣬Ҷ֣ͿԽݺݵһĵӣһǿԵġ
룬Ѿˣ뵽ɽ
СģϴǾħϮ
ͻȻͣס˽Ųϴεһ˵ڶҲʦˡ
ʦã㲻˵Բ֮ҹħ𲻻𣬱ԼԼˣʵħȫʧƶ˵ص֮¡
ʦִֺõߵǰ塣
һܿʦ֣ûռˡ
Ҷ˵һɣϽҵ⣬뿪
ʦƺҲŵ˲һζǸо̫ˣЩëȻ
ЩеҲϾ֮Уֻħһ
ֵǣʲôûУһƬյ硣
ҹȻտڲĬĬǰУٴ߳ңǰѾܿһЩ⣬ػĵط
ǿ쿴ǰ˵ػ
ǰ㣬ϵı𽥷
Ҿ˵ʲôΣգԼŻԼ
ʦִǵǰȥϣһϵ֮˳֮Уҵڵλá
ɡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ܿһѹѹĶ˹棬˷Χһħ
ãħİΧ
ʯʦַһУȫħ
׼ӭս
ʦҲȵһħսһ
Ҳܵϴ̼ħ𣬼佣նħ
˲ս״̬ΨҶ㣬ʮ֣Ȼĵˣ뿪
ΪĿħħȻϣֻ֪аõĵط
Ϊɽ裬Ҷ˵˸ֲˣǺڰ赲ҶߣΪۣ֮ɽ졣
ɱ¾ĵĳˣһͷͷħҶץֱӽ˾ħ֮С
ʱ䣡
ħ濪ʼգǿħӿ뵽֮С
ˣ
񷢳˷ܵ˻ڲϵͻƣܿƷ۷壬Щħħ̫ˡ
úúãЩħȫԽƷ̶ȡ
Ҷ㰵кãʮָһץǼʮֻħץ˹ӽ˾ħ֮С
Զ˵ս뵽ȻħԽԽ࣬˵ڼٵ½
ǸСȥˣ˰ɣ
ŷ֣Ҷ㲻ˣ׵ʧ
ƱħɱˣǸϽɱһ·󷨣ֻҪйߣħͲҿ
ϲ죬ֻҪйߣǾͻ󷨴͸ߣӦһȫش

ͻȻһҽУʦֵұϳһѪۣһֻħץУѪ˲ʳ
סħ壡
ʦַһȣʦָϽסȻֱ۾Ƿˡ
ס˽ֱԺҲᱨϡ
ʧȥһ۰ʦֳֵѾ˱
һɲӣΪħûм٣ԽԽ࣬ǰеĿյ޷ȥ


1581 
ԽԽΣգ˼ζرϵƣƴʶԽԽģ
֮УԸΪ߰ҲΪʵǿ󣬲ȻҲ³ͷʧȥһۣսۿۡ
ԶҶȫڿ֮УѾƽƷ磬ֻһ룬ܿƷ
ɱ¾ϵĳ֣ΧҶߵħһֻֻ٣Щħ˵ġ
ǶҶ˵ЩħǴ֮ϵĲԼ
ҶĵԪҲ޸
Ҳˣ
ҪֵֻħͻȻӿ˹ȥƺһˡ
ǽʱɱħԭɣһֿܣħǷǳĸߣ֪ơ
һնɱΧһˣһɵ
ϵ˿ԽԽ࣬һѪһҲ̶á
ʦֵԹ˲ϾֻܷĿħɵ
һҶ㶼ȴ޶ԣҪɱԼˣҶϧ
һҽ£׵زЩħ˲佫ѪԵһɶֻʣһǼܡ
ʣ¼ɫ䣬ֵٶٴδóƣǿɲ뽫
սԽԽңϵķԽԽѵļ
ʧȥ˷֣ħҧеĻֻ·һħ棬ӵдħմ֮
ǧͷħڽˣɹͻƵƷ磬ʵٴδ
ҶûֹͣϵգܲܳƷ硣
ͷٳûжһ͵״̬ҪٴνҪҵ߼ħſԡ
֮£Ҷֹͣɱħ
ħٶȣҶ֮УΪһǣЩħ׷Ҷٶȡ
ħǷޣٶȱռƣҶǰȴĿҶӰӶ׽

һҽУ˱ħҧУʹ
һʯսʵ֮У͵ģǰأץһĿӣڴСʮĿ
֪ԼҪʯսͻȻϵĳϣҳһ·
ҶͻȻͣס壬ԶսеϵĹǼܣ뵽˳˼
ǲʯսγ޷һͨǰ·Ķˡ
˵Ķ˹ȵףһ׶༪ˡ
͡
ͻȻͷħ𳯺˹ȥһ㣬ޱȣղŵսҶˡ
ħƺ֯ĽÿʱͻȻħɱʽֱ֣ӳ֮ϡ
ӣ
ȵӦʱΪʱֻܿħǰֻҪץУɡ
ݣ
Ȼ֮䣬ֻâˣǱɵֱ䴩ֻħ
ʱҶĵĳˣص˶֮У¶һ˿֮ɫղźȻҶ־ȵ
Ҷû˵ȻҲһ֮ɫж֮ɫҶ㲻ƷɣϾȻ˶ûС
ֵǣҶ·ûսһһֱԱ߹ۿ
û°ɣ
δҶ㳯˵һ䡣
û£
ѹٴμ뵽ս֮УҶȻʩչϵζЩħκβҶ㡣
Ҷʦܣٶȣûлһͨ
ˣʣˣȻҶ㾳ͣ˵˭ܻһҶ㣬ħ
һͨҲǲԣؼҵʵ£Ҫ˴иſԡ
Ҷε̾ϢһֲɵӣȻᵱŴҵ棬©Լеʵ
Ҫΰ㣿
˵ʦ֣Ѿ˶ҶĳɼٴĳޣҲҪ뿪˵
ҴͷЩħڳˣһ·ʣ˵󡣡
Ҷ򵥵İһЩԼЩħٶ죬ħ׷ϣǾлˡ
ãҸʦֿ󡣡
һӦˣʦֿҶ㸺գʣں棬ɱЩ׷ħ
ܿ˶ΣҶٶȣܿ콫ħĶγɢǰԭһħ𣬱ϡϡʱʦָ˲ȥǿдһͨ
ҿߣ
һк˼ӿ˽Ųܿǡ
Ҷ㲻ϵζÿħҪɶεʱ򣬾ͱҶɢ޷γǿ
˲ϵǰǰԽԽʯսĵҶ㣬Ҷٶ
ԭСܰȻԼٶȣĸħ֣ƻʮʱ䡣
һƽյʱ䣬ǰħ𽥼٣ǹߵ⣬̼ĵħӾ񾭣ǳĲӦ
ٴʩչһη֮⣬Щħ𳹵ױҶɢҲ˳γͻƣɹ֮
ħһʧһƨ˵ϣҲ⣬Ͻóҩָ
ҶװģҲóһЩɾ
ܸܲԼûĶԪװװӶѡ
ָСʱʱ䣬ҵȫָ׷վӣ󷨿˹ȥ
ʯʦ֣û°ɣ
ʯսסˣǰغֻ֪ܵȳȥʱ취ƣҺƲǺֻƤˡ
Ҫϴʦ˼ڸˡ
ʱˣֻҪҵõĵҩơ
ʯսҲ£ȻֻƤˣƲõԺľ磬һӰ졣
ˣҶû¾ͺãǸϽ󷨡
һˣҶܽܣϾôħԭΪҪڴˡ
ʱҲſʼע󷨣ƺһʱƣҪҲŦ֮󣬻񾭴ҡ
󷨺ù죬Ϊҿʱڿٵš
˵ʦ֣һҲо֮ˣһ֮ͨ
ַ׷׵ͷƺˣǣʱ壬Ҫ֮Ƶôס
ϴ֮Ҽ¼˺ܶණһĵãһ𿴿
óһϣǹ󷨣һºûš
Ҷ˹ĽһЩϸڵط¼ʮϸ
ԭҪ
󷨣ʦƺˣΪҪҶˡ
ʱ󷨣ҪʱܣֻҪٶȴﵽˣܳԽʱ䣬ҵ֮࣬ƵҾܽȥˡ
ûҶʦܣǿٶȡ
Ҳܻ䣬ȻҲҶʮʱ䡣
ҶҲ󷨴ʦڷһͷǳͨɽ磬ҶҲûжǰ󷨲ʱô򵥡
֮һСɱһ׵ɱԼ
һʱ󷨣ԻõģóȻ룬֮ء
Ͼɾõ󷨣Ҫ磬ôס
ҶȻ֪ȴûеƣΪҶʦֵ֮У̰֮ɫƺԼǳĸȤ
ǿҵֱҶ㣬֮УĸһŹԼ֪ɱԼ


1582 
оһҶ󷨣ٶȣҵ࣬Ƶ󷨣ȻͿԽ붴֮С
˵ע֮£Ҷ㿪ʼ׼˶ٶ£׷ʱ䡣
һյʱ䣬Ҷ飬ವһʧԭأ֮С
ϴŵ֮ɫʦֵ¶֮ɫ໥һۣ໥˵ͷȻĳֹʶ
ںϣһ˿̰֮ɫȻҲڣҶ²û˴һʼûаġ
ҶоԼһ㣬һƬյ磬ʱڿٵţоԼԼٶȼˡ
Ҳʱڵ㣬ͻ֮У϶ľ
֮ԴӦҶҲҲкõıо͸ʱȻЩѶȣȴѲסҶ㡣
ٶٴҶ׷ʱʧٶȣ󷨺ĵش
ûǿĹٶȲóȻ·һʱϡ
Ҷ·һƬάռ䣬ߣʱγɵĹ켣ʮʱȣԵû̫С
ۣҲʱĥջ᳾鳾
ʶٵɨ䣬Ҫҵ󷨵ʱߣƵ󷨡
ЩˮһûκιɿԣɵƮ
ˣ
Ҷۣ֮һʱڵ㲻ͬץ˹ȥ
ߵʱܵʱͻȻһΣ·ӲĽֹˣʱֹͣʡ
Ȼû
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʱʧ˵ϣ󷨵
ûż󷨣ҶȿûΣա
Ҳ²ûʱ󷨵УһС󷨣ĺġ
Ҷ֮ҵƵ˼̫ˣǲϣܽ
͸󷨣Ҷܿľ󣬷ʦֵ໥ۣ񲻾
Ҷ̫ϤˣǿҵռѵǴｫ˵ɱڣ
ҲɱǣҲҪ׼һˡ
Ҷһ˿֮ɫɱ
ϤС󷨣Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫѾ׼
󷨳ȥҶ󵹵زһĲҰ֮ɫǻѪڵϲϵ
ļˣʧֹ̤֮ͣУҶڵϣȥҪҶ㡣
Ҷʦܣôˣ
Ź֮ɫҶʵ
ˣûжԴָԪʮܣ
Ҷһܵӣѵſںϣ۽ǲһ߹ʦֵˡ
еҩϽָ
ҲʦֵĿⲻƺϵĴԼ壬һͷͷҰһ
੡һ⣡
˵ˣ֮У޾ɱһҶ˹
ں˵ʲôء
¶ŭɫһ˪𷢳һȡ
к˵ҿСŽֵܼټ
ЦԽԽ޼ɵĿĶź޲ܰǹ·
ԼһɱҲɵӣȻ³Ǽ˵ͼ
ǼҪʲô
վҶķһԡ
ǼҪʲôѵ㲻𣿡
׷ָ꣬ͷСӣʶ죬ң§§˵Ҫʲô
𳹵ױ©Լ뷨Ҳأ׼ɱҶ㣬ѳ꺣֮еء
ڽշռڻصţºԹԵľͷ
ԭһֱ⣡
ˣ⼸ƽʱ򣬾ԼĿռԼ壬εĸǣ֮ǲܵġ
˭֪ǾȻģλᣬ㽫ԼռУıνǺݶ
˵ĲȻŵò壬ֶֻˣȸǼˬˣһúõˬһ¡
¶Լıԣª֮
ǡǡ
˵˰Ļţ⻹Լƽʱʶļλʦ
ٷϻˣϽ֣
ʦƺҲȲˣ׼һ֣Ʒ塣
Ҫ޳ȴôҲ޲һˣûʤ㣬ҶѾˣԼİȫһ⡣
ʦãȰ㻹ǹԹԵľͷúõһҪǶ֡
ʯսҲ¶֮ɫгһȫ¶š
Ҷ㾲Ŀţû˵ȫҶԵˡ
ǲҪڹҾͲˡ
ȻǿϾһŮӣƣǶһ޲ɵ
ʦãˣҲŮˣȻŮˣҪˣǼͺúõ㣬һŮˡ
ʯսȲˣһ֣˹
ݣ
һ̣ܾͻȻ仯һֱ֣ʯս塣

ʯսһҽУȥֱˡ
˭˭͵Ϯ
ʦֻɫ䣬ʶһɨﾲĵģҶڵ֮⣬Ҳûκˡ
ʦ֣󷨵ˣ
ܵľһ仯һСɱˣʣµʦ֣ʦԼԭء
žžž
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶӵĨȥǵѪҰ׵ɫҲָ
Ҷʦܣû£
һ֮ɫҶղǳôͻȻͺˡ
Ҫǲװ£ôܿôһϷ
Ҷ¶ζЦݣԭҶǹˣ˲¶˳
СӣǲĹ
ʦַУҶϽȥ󷨡
ҲһֱڣûзֶѣǱɫͷԡ
󷨲ҶĽһֱڣΪԶ˺ҶˣԺûΣա
ȵǿʱҶͻȻ󷨣ԭء
ֻҪСһЩҶҪ󷨶ܡ
ԸһƷѾǼޣʣˣƾҶ˸Ƕ֣Ψһİ취ǽ֮
֪ĸɵʯս˲Ϊ塣
һۣղźб֮ģɱҲԸ̣˭֪ת
СӣϽǳȥȻصţҪÿ
ʦֿʼвҶ㣬Ͻȥ󷨣ȻҪնɱҶ㡣
ǻлص𣿡
Ҷ¶֮ɫİԼˣһ·֮ϣֳԼ֡
һҶĳˣԳ裬ˣҶֻһˣʱԿĿ϶Լ
ڲͬˣʯսˣҶҲù˼ɡ
ƾҲɱǣֱǿЦ֮
ʦ¶ЦȻҪɱܣֻҪ취ӳȥ
ܲɱǣһ֪
ҶͻȻޱ䣬·һħھѣղˡ
˻ͻȻ䣬ойɺǵ壬ɱ⣬Ȼ͸󷨣ǵ֮С


1583 ħ
ܴ̹ǵĺ⣬˲һ£ֺӽŵһֱ嵽ͷ·˱
Ҷʦܣôˣ
˶ֱ£˹Ҷʵ
ûʲôǳζ
󷨿ƣҶ㽫ĺ֮֮УȻܽǶסٶȾͿˡ
˶촽ˣҺò޼飬ȻͶˡ
ಣ
Ҷವһʧԭأ֮Уɱ¾֮ˡ
ɺĽ⣬ʼոǵ꣬ûк֮ǵ壬ҶҪնɱ˲Ǻףǳѡ
󷨿ƣк֮Ҷ㼸÷Ѿɵնɱʦ֡
һɨʦֺɨȥŵöԷðֱһ£һƨ˵ϡ
Ҫɱң
ʦַϣҶһ
ˣ
ɱ¾֮֮ͬҶֱһָأ˫һ̤ʦֵ屻Ҷս˾ħ֮Уʼ
̶գۼĹҶնɱˣʣµϳһ֮ɫ
˿Ȼû󷨣ûк֮Ϯƾһ֮Ҳ޷ӳ
㲻úȻˣԸǡ
ֻܽŭйϣͻȻƿڴ
ҪֹϣҶ˴ˣϧһҶǻ뿪
һʼǾɱԼҶɲԼҹҹ˵ǡ
ɱ¾֮˷ܵ˻·ֻص˷磬ɺϢɲɱ¾֮
ʱ䣬Ʒ־Ҷ嶼ʧˣֱǷ˼
ſ־Ҷ㣬ƺˣ˵ҶǰԵޱСҶҪɱֱ׾ٵ顣
ɱ¾֮Ҷϵɱɢȥɫָղͬħһı·δֹһ㡣
ҶʦܣûбҪȫɱǵġ
ȻʹǣҪնɱǣǻѵԼûй
һʼܾǼͲзǷ֮롣
㻹ĳ̫ˣ뿪һĸ֣ضնɱǡ
ҶҡҡͷŻɽ
ƿԣҶΪ˾նɱˣûʸҪҶʲô
Ҷ㣬ʮֲڣԭ˹ϵܽͻȻһԶˣ·Ҷ㲻һˡ
ǽȥɣ
Ҷ㿴鲻Ȼʱ˵һ䣬ѾƵԽȥˡ
飬ȻԼЩˣһҶһ̤֮С
Ҷʦܣлղŵľ֮
ħ𣬻˵вûҶ㣬һʬ塣
Ǹ·գҲȥ·ܵи˴ҳȥ
Ҷ˰֣ǽ˺ĸм˵һǿɳ
ЦˣܿҶ㲻̫ѹӺΪʦãҩ԰ȡҩܿԲ
Ҷֲɱ֮ˣ֪˭˭ҪǺԼҲƷ硣
˵ҶøлŶԡ
˹ϵһӻ˲٣ôΣ̤ܿ붴֮С
ǽ֮ϣǶٵҹ飬ղ΢ĹߣǴҹɢ
Ƕҹ飬ĹѨݷͬһ㣬Ҳһ
лأߵʮϢܿߵѨǰ汻һʯסȥ·
ѨӦþˣ
Ҷͣס壬ʯţƵĻʯһ׶
𣿡
ôʯţǿд򿪣϶ɽʱ˶¡
һлأ
Ҷ鿴˰죬ܶǹͺͺǽڣδء
һʱ䣬޹֮£ֻڵϣϢһ¡
Ҷʦܣ˽𣿡
ʵţڴҶ˽ӣԭе飬Ҷô˵ٵҲġ
ôѵҲҵ
ҶƫԴĴҶѹΪ˵Ŀ⣬ıԼıġ
Ҿòܣˡ
Ȼţ¹䣬ô˽ӡ
ϹˣǼң
Ҷ㲻⳶ȥŮϲԣһˣûûˣһɰʵ׵ľ
վѰңߵһΪһĹѨţסǵĽŲ
ҾⲻһɵĹѨ
ҶͻȻͣס壬ﲻɸֵĹѨ
ʲô
һ֮ɫѵԼ´ˡ
㷢ûУħƺǾסػʲôпĹѨ˴ģػĹѨ
ҶƲ⣬ħϲסʪĵطĹѨɽģ߳㣬ħ𼸺̤ѨҪǳȺסԲѡط
ֻһֿܣػĶϣ̤㡣
㲻˵ҵˣħѪȷܳ
ƺһҲˣħĳ֣ȷʵ̫ˣû뵽Ҷôϸ¡
Ҷʦܣ˵ʲô
ԺˣѵﲻɶѨħѨ
пһħѨ֮٣ѡԼٴˡ
Ҷ˼һ£˵
˵ͷҶĲ²ⲻûеħѨˮһˡ
ħĶòڷһѽɽɽҲֻ̾
ֻǲ²⣬һ׼ȷǼһء
Ҷ㲻ȷֻ˵˵ѣȻҲԽħץػѨضпܡ
ҶʦܣʯƣʯƲͬ
Ҷ㺰˹ǽϵʯƣʯͷƺīɫ·Ƚϴֲڣ·Ϊȥ
Զ㣬ԣ
Ҷúԭ㣬ʲô֮ࡣ
˵棬ʯͷ֮ң
ҶʦܣСģ
ҧҧ촽ϣҶ¡
˵ͷҶһԪһ͸ʯƵУҶ¶һбߡ
ʯƹȻè壡
΢΢ЩʯƿʼƶһȭͷСʯһֻֽȥ
ûԥʯ֮УһֱƵʮ־ǺʯƲͬһ죬ҲҲڡ
Ҷҵأ¶Ц⣬ȭһ֣֮ɫʯźʲô᲻о챦ء
΢΢ֱǵһת
ǡ
صʯžȻҲǵһ¶һϸ죬ɢħ⡣
Ҷ֮е·ҪҶ壬Щħ⡣
һյʱ䣬ʯһ׶ߣ㹻һ߽ȥ
Ҷʦܣ
˹Ҳܵħ⣬ţЩڡ
Թħħÿ궼ύսħ紦ÿÿҹ˸ħ彻֡
ЩϢҶ㶼ֻûлȥɽħ罻Ӵ
Ҫ˵ǽȥ
ҶһĶúŵͽŲһʯ˹ȥ


1584 Ѫ
С߽ʯŴЩģΪħԽԽŨ
߽ʯţӭǿɲħγһħǵصĳϯ
ã
ɲħҶ㵹£Ǻͬħûǿ
̣
ȻħҪ˺壬ɲǼĹɱ¾֮һɨжħϵ
˿̵ĺѻԣħ壬ʱƣ϶ӰԼĸ
κγɣҶ˳˶󷨴ָһ㣬ħȫҶ˳
ҶûѹֻԣҲҶ¡
ٴ붴һƬȫħǣ赲Ҷߡ
Щħ񲻶ϵĳҶ㣬ȴ޼ɵĸˡ
ȡﵽƷ硣
ҶޱŨħıرƷ
֮͸ǲħҶǰӦʱٳǺܴҶܿ쿴һԭء
Ȼħ壡
ҶԶ϶ȷһħ֮أֻǲףΪγɽ硣
ħ弫̤ɽ磬Ȼ̤㣬Ҳһ棬ˣҲصħ硣
ħԽԽ٣񷢳˷ܵĺУһħɹƷ硣
ߵ𺡹ǵǰѪѾˣֻܿڵĹͷδá
ͷ棬һħʣЩħ巨ʮǿ
Ӧһħ塣
ҶԶ϶ӦһһƷҵħ壬νɼ
֮Ϊħħʡ
ǿķ֮ҽƷ
Щ¾˼ĥǲд治٣Ҷ޷
ڲͬ򾭹µţʣ޼ʺҶա
ûżգҶɨָһöӵĴָˡ
ҶĵģһħɣϿ϶ͣҶڳ˻ʣһǧƷɾ֮⣬ĶĵĲˡ
ɾƷҶգҪ߼ҲҪƷɾ
˭ҶԪѾɾˣͼɾֻҶķչ
лᣬȥһǧɾȫһƷɾ
ָûнƣҶʶܿȥһܾõıⱻҶ㻺򿪣ûнɽɽûɾѻҲûνɵҩ
ֻһѪɫʯͷָֻмĶ
Ѫ
ҶüЦûΪҲ౦ɥʮָˡ
ЩѪɾһʮִɾ֮ϡ
ħϲѪӵһ˿ħҪҪϡ
óһö΢΢Ѫ˲ӿ뵽棬ʮִ֪ҪƷɾٱ
ܿҪԾһҶ֪˿̲ͻƵ뿪˵صѪ壬ͻƲ١
ͬǣҶȫռٻҶ߳Բѣı壬ವһʧԭء
գۼĹҶ㴩İĺڶΪ߲ƣȥʱٶǽʮ
˿ɫѾ΢һҹ̫顣
ҶϽӣϴһ˿ã֮ɫ
ˣ
Ҷֹͣʵ
Ҷʦܣôˣ
оѣǴ󲡳һʮܡ
㱻ħ壬ѾħȥϢһ죬ȫָ
Ҷ򵥵˵һ飬ħ飬Ҷֻδᡣ
ҲʣԼҶȵãҶڶõ޾أҲҶӦá
ҪҶ㣬Ѿһʬ壬֮ٴθлһ
ʣҶ㵱ȻҲȥͣħĶҲʹòˣ͸һ
ʱ䲻ˣǻȥɣ
ħߵѾˣҶȽϺãһ·ʮֳأϾʧʦ֡
ȻǸϾģﻹйⲻȥ
㲻ˣ磬ǿʳ棬ܴ֤㲻Ӧ硣
һӣҶο˵ϣҪ̫ѹˣǱԼɱġ
лʦѣҼסˣ
һ˵֮Ժ󣬻ص֮ڰ
ʦܣһ¾ǰٹԴᣬûȤμӡ
ƽ֮󣬸Ҷһ·˵Ц
ٹԴ᣿
Ҷһͷˮѹû
еһʢᣬɾ¼֣Բμӣصڰ޷壬˭ҪܻùھõĽ
Ҷ㲻ӣæ͡
ʲô
ҶĵǽȻȥμӣҪûнҶӲֺõ顣
꽱ǧǰʮһ֣ʹöƷҩԼƷɾɡ
ٵ˵ЩȻ񣬶ɼ˵Ƿǳķˡ
ɾԲμ𣿡
Ҷʮֺ棬ɾɽνɣʵһ
ɾǲμһȺӢʱĴ򶼻μӣֻڰٹִǰʮʸμһȺӢ
ܣɾѾӵһĵλȺӢΪ趨˭ҪȺӢõĵط
βμӣ
ҶЩ棬ٹִҶҲȤȺӢҶһҪȥ
Ҫɽ㣬ȺӢһԴԼɽ磬Ҳһĵλ
Ǻãʱһʦܱ
ҶӦʮָˣȻȥ֮Ҷ㱨
һ·Уһ֮˻صţԷֿҶǻصѪ塣
ҪԺӣһڵӰסҶĽŲ
һ·֮ϣҶӺ֪Ѫغ˭
Ѫ岢ӣǷǳķкü
Ϊһ飬ıѪĸ֡
ѪȥħӴħ壬ȴһǿħһƻУǿɱ¾֮֮ӿѪ档
ȻѣǱħ壬ųħ϶һˡ
Ѫһ˽ܣȻҵɱ¾֮ԿħķӴԺΪɱ
ʼʱɱ¾֮ħ໥־壬˾ɱѪкüˡ
֪ˣЩҶҲ⣬׷װѪ壬ݱӡ
˼ʮ꣬ɱ¾֮𽥳ͣڿԽħѹԽħʩչǿɱ¾֮
ѪʵһһǿҶΣ𽥻ָһ棬û׷նɱµӵ
֪ϢҶҲһ꣬ԭһ˽ܣȻ䵽ء
μǰ
Ҷʮֹʩһ
Щ㵽ȥˡ
ƺЩãҶΪѪӣúÿնߡ
ӳȥһʱ䣡
ҶɲȻ˲٣˭֪᲻ڷҪǱɱˣˡ
Ǹƴӣ׼һ£Ѫμӡ
˵꣬һΣʧԭء


1585 
ûиҶ㿼ǵʱ䣬˵ܾˣôû
֮ѪҪòΣҲûˣҲһʬ
ҶҪݣִһǺâڱʮܡ
ЦһҶѾϰˣҲӵһǿѹܼԼϵǰ
Ϊ֮⽫ԼѪ壬ǲԼһ˿һĵ֮ģǿԼϵ
ñȰһֻϻһͬʱܣ㲻ǰϻ϶һ׷㡣
ҪԵͲϵӿٶȣõİ취ǳԽϻ׵˦
ص䣬ҶϢֱóħʺǣӽħУʼ
׼ħʵĺǣͻƵƷ硣
һ׳ķ򣬳޾ħ֮Ϣħôӡħ編й¶
ʱ䣬Ѫɱⶼ˹Ҷ˴ɱ¾ȻҲɱ¾֮Ѫƺʮְ䡣
Щɱ¾֮˼꣬ڶҶͷϿգǿɱ¾־
ʱһһĹȥҶϵϢԽԽǿᣬÿǰһᷢ仯֮еԪľԽԽࡣ
һȥˣҶ㻹ûͻƾ磬ͷϵԽԽ󣬷Բǧ׵ͱҶһա
֮£ҶóɾȻƷҶȲȥһˣ˵
ѪÿֲɾĲ㣬˫˫ϣɲ˲߽Ҷƿ
䣡
һըͻȻеƿȫ򿪣˳ĿƷɡ
ɱ¾֮һ˲õͷţʮָ䳤ӲٴαǣҪȼƷҪ̡
ɣ
ҶóöѪɵһɶΪ޾ɱ¾־ҶĴɱ¾
ԪǶһ仯һɺɫʣѪصԪøӿ񱩡
ҹ˾תɹվ˰Ʒ磬һ磬һ죬ҶоԼﵽ⣬˱仯
żˮɾԼѪҶЦһ
ҪŬ׬ȡԴˡ
ħߣҶõʮöѪղͻһ磬˼öͻƾƷҪԴࡣ
ƷɾʣһǧöлȫƷɾҲܻһٶö
ˣǸƴӣÿ¸һСȣθһһεĴȡѹǸҪҲμӡ
ҶѾ˽˺ܶأΪ˴ٽſٷչÿ¶һηĽ
ÿһ趨һδĽʤĸ˻ɽ壬ܵõŵĽ
ŴССɽʮÿɽһӣÿ׵ʱ򣬴ȶǳļҡ
ͨӲμӣʥҲ·棬ʥҲһԱȡ
󲿷ֶͨʥӣӢʥӻ洫ʥӣ󲿷ʱ䲻Ǳչ뿪򣬳ȥȥˡ
ɽޱȾ޴󣬵ƾҶ㶼ûȫ㣬ܶط룬һܰȫĻų
Ҷ뿪䣬׼ȥμӽķȡ
׼𣿡
Ҷһ뿪䣬صĳ֡
˵ܱܲÿζôû
ҶһȻԷѪҲÿγ֣ŵԼ
ôСֱˡ
ȫΪ·û˸飬ƾԼϲ¡
ССûйϵѪֻˣΪξͲú̸̸أ
ҶѪϸܵ˿ɲɱ¾ϢƺԼгħơ
һ˫ܴﵽƽ㣬϶塣
ɱ¾֮վϷ磬ħվϷ磬һӮˣĽ֣ѪⲻʧΪħ
˲֪Ҷһ۾ܿһ˫нɱ¾֮ȻԿħҲ˺
ƽһʧȥѪɥ֮ʱ
ܣӮ±ͲûصѪˡ
ѪȻ䣬Ҷκ˵ĻᣬһɨҶڿշֱ뿪Ѫ壬ĵصȥ
Ҷɽ磬ʹ֮⣬һηУڿյĸоһ
ֻҪ̤ɾͿշˣǧҲΡ
˼ʮʱ䣬Ҷֱӱһ˦ӿе
ܶ磬Ҷ㽫ڰ˴ʺһ顣
ͨ
Ҷһʺݺݵˤڵϣ˺ܿŵĴӿ£Ҷߡ
Ѿǲв
Ҷ㱻ŭˣֱӳѪȳ⡣
ĿԼϣʼʱҲ֪ʲô顣
ôͻȻӿеһθܽӴ
ʱ䣡
ܴһôЦһƬ̵
ĸô˴涪ˡ
һӷЦЦǰ
ϣⲻѪĵѵҲҪμŷд衣
ϳҶ㣬üѪ
ǲ֪ѪյΨһһŶҲҪסˡ
һһ󲿷ֶǳЦ
ܳЦѪ飬Ѫ޶ãֵλϣҶı飬ֱӸˡ
Ҷ޵ܴùѪҶҪݺݵһǹԼĽ¡
ղһˤãҶƨɶˤˡ
ݺݵĵһѪҶ֪ڷǶˣԺɳںúõˣֻʵʵ
ĵӸһһ˲μӣ
һǷӮһһ֣̭ǳĿ졣
Ҳһ໥žƷнӽǧˣҲֻǧˣڵһֺĹء
ѡ˷ѡҲ˷䶼ѡˣñҶǣΪԼѡģѪ˾
޴Ĺ㳡мƽңˣĴԼսĵӣ׷׼
ѪĴϵϺɫĲѪ塣
ɫɫɫɫɫɫɫ̫ɫɫ
ĵӷ׷ϵͷɽ塣
ƴܼ򵥣ųͳһѡһǧ˽ڶ֣һ뽫ڵһֱ̭
һǷƴڷһӣӲֻһ߶೤̻һö㹻ˡ
ҶԾλãݺݵĵһѪεȥμӱȥˡ
ѪԼμӣҶıʧȥȤ
ȫûκεѹ̻ܿƷҵһλãдԼ֣һӣʱ䣬һö
һģȴǵһ볡ģҶٶȳԽκһˡ
ҶˣѪҲ⣬ҶˣֱšԴ
Сɵ˰ɣʱ̻һö
󲿷ƷɶûвμӣȥҲò˺Σһ͡
һɵˣ츳ںãҲܲαҿ˵ų˲ķţö˵ƷһѣҪõھǺס
۷׷ף󲿷ֵìͷָҶ㣬˭ۡ
һɱҰһյԭأֱһ⡣


1586 ʧɱ
һַƴһյʱ䣬ܿϣܿǱҲʼˡ
Ҷ㼸ͣ㣬߷ĽδѾվ̨ϡ
һ˻ս̨ܼϵǧˣһ֡
һֱȥҹҲꡣ
ЩƷӣоƷɣϽԶҶΧƷһƷʵ൱
սʮָӣǾƷҲ˵Ӯµһ֣һüͬʱл϶뱻̨
δʼγСˣƾƷɣƷɣҲˣֻŽһ𣬲пӮµһ֡
ƾһҪӮһ֣ôףҶʶ˼٣ѪֻԼѹγˡ
ҶʦܣǼһ˰ɣҶлᡣ
ˣһμӱŮһ߹Ҷˡ
ʦ㣬ǲǸˣҪһƷˣⲻǺ𣿡
˲ԸˣҶ㾳ͻƣδ¶Ʒչʾ
ǿɲҪСҶʦܣȻƷɣʵͬһ㡣
ϽͣҶٶȼܵУЭʤ϶ӡ
˰ɣʦִˣֻѰˡ
˺ȻˣǶĵӣƽĹϵҲһ㣬ֻǹغӣҲ齨һ
һΪ˲ǿҲȥˣǸ˵ɡ
¶Ϊ֮ɫҶ㣬϶ⲻȥһҧҶˡ
ȻǲˣҲǿԱɡ
¶Ϭһ棬ϴ֮󣬺ʡܴҲˮ˫ܡ
ߣƾҲ
ɫʱ뿪Ѱµͬȥˡ
ǺαأȫԸ齨һСˡ
ҶЦһղ뿪ˣǾƷɣ齨һ𣬳ɹĻὫǳĴ
ֻģ
ʲôΪҶʵû۹ѡ
ѡǶԵģ
ҶٺһЦʮͺĿ⡣
˲죬ҶƷһҶ㣬׼Ȼ͵Ϯ
ߣ
Ҷһߣע⵽ˣղĿһֱԼ
ûжɱ¾֮Ҷʩչдӡӡˣ׵ĽƷɳȥ
ͻƵ˰ƷɣɱƷɱһ򵥣ûԪҶƾֱɨɡ
飡
Ҷٶޱȣһ˦һ⣬ֱӵ˳ȥɳȥʮԶںݺݵҽ˵ϣҲһܽӴ
ԶѪ¶һЦݣҶֶʮ⡣
һƷˣͨӵУʵΣԸһ˴´࣬ԷȻҲ֯ģܿͬ飬˹һˡ
һغϣѹѾض࣬󲿷ֶڱãսԽԽңʱ޿̶˱̨

Ҷһˣֱԭأһɨ䣬˵Ƕߵķһȵ̨֮󣬲ŷĲס
ղŸһ߹ŮδԶһֱעߣҪǫ̂
ͻȻľٶҲǷ׷¶֮ɫΪʱѹơ
Ѿûã˺ܿ챻̨ƷҲ˴ȥ
̨ϣ¶֮ɫվ̨ԵٳٲȥҪǫ̂
ǵһյʱ䣬Ҷ˻ǰȻ
ƺҼʶҶʵһֽƷɣûиҿˣֻѡ֡
ڼٵļ٣ƷѾѿ󲿷ֶǾƷսֻǧҳ̶ȿ֪
Ȼʧȥ˰ƷС˶ʣµĴ󲿷ֶʮһ飬ǳӴҪܣôס
Ҷˣܿ챻һСӰΧˣƷƷĵӡ
ղҶˤЦʵǼ˾С档
СӣԹԵĹȥɣǽȥ
һ޼ɵĴЦ·𿴵Ҷ㱻ȥĳ
ŷţ¹˭δ֪ȥó³ɡ
սⰻȻҶ̼ˣʵӵ۷壬һֻŹѾҪ벽ɾˡ
ղ˵ӽŷţҶʱͷЦεĳԴҶ㣬ֱǿɶ
Ц߸ˣֻˣ֪㺫ʵǣҪλãҿˡ
γһΧȦҶ㻹кԭء
ʦ㣬̨ʧɱˣô
Ҷ¶һЦݣʵ
ʧɱˣŵȻܣǹɱˡ
ˣҵĳһֱʹڿ֣ĥһ¡
Ҷɱ¾֮һ޾ɱˣʱ䣬½˲١
Ҷɱ¾֮һ̣ԶѪһŨɱ¾֮ƺҪɱ¾־Ҫ
СӣǾԹˡ
ŷܿҶ㶯ɱӦǵ⣬͵ŵӵ棬նɱֵĵӣˣҲпʱ
ϻˣְɣ
Ҷó֮
ϣ
ŷһȣһֵ֣⽣Ӱ˶Ҷء
ֵ߳ŵע⣬׷׽Ŀ⿴˹Ҫ׷ʲô顣
ׯһֱû˵˵Ҷﲻɾûʸõָ㡣
СӻǸ¾
ԶԶ¶Ц֮ɫû˱˽Ҷ㣬֮ǰķȣ˶ԣҶС̳ģֻǴȵʱ˳
ֻԶҶ˿ûκεĹϵȫƾԼ츳Ӯ˻ʼڡ
ɱҶ˵ѹҶߣûкʲô顣
ǵĶҶ㾡۵ףɱ¾֮һɨԴˣ˵ĹȻҶһĻ⡣
߱ʽ뵽֮УʱƷ磬˲չ¶
ʶҶ˷׷¶֮ɫ
ǰҶ㲻ƷɣŹȥµĹҶȻﵽ˰ƷɣѵСÿɵ
ÿɵҲô̵ʱ䣬ͻƵƷɣ̫˼ˡ
ҲһʶҶʱ򣬲ƷɣŹȥһ£Ҷ̫˼ˡ
ֻׯϱȻƺͲµһ㡣
ɲϢҶɢɱ¾֮ں߱ʽѳ˰Ʒ硣
ͣ
һƽ˸һѪȥ

δüҽУһӾ͵ز𣬲һϸϸ˿ڣҶһ
˼ʧˣ
ҶεĶ˵Լʧˣǹɱˡ
ҧгݣҶսȴնɱһˣΪղӳ
ǻԥʲôʦܱ𡣡
ڷ㶣ŷһŭʣ˹Ȼһ


1587 ͳͳնɱ
һˣ̼ʣ˵񾭣Ҳ̨̼
ԭû˸ҳɱˣ˴ͷˣȻЧ£ͬŵӣкܶ˽¶жԹ
ĻᣬǽԹʱ
ǶһԼ˹ҶܣȻԼʵʵ©
еɱ¾֮·ȴĻԷһһεĽֱ֮
꣡
һͷѵˣҶĳֱӹᴩһӵǰأͷѹ

ӷĲҽҶ㽣һֱӷɳ̨ȻҲһˣҶϵ˴󲿷ֽ
սԽԽңҪ߶ˣ򣬻нϵʱҶܴ
Ժ˴Լ⣬λᣬҶ֮Ҫ쳹š
̶ֻУڷվ̨ŮɫҰףһĲš
ղǴӦҶˣ϶ôͲ̭һʮɵվ̨ϡ
ɱ¾֮ԽԽ죬ֻܿһ⣬ɨǵ塣
͡
һѪȾ̨ԭأȫ֪γ֡
ЩۿĵһƬţû˵⻹ʧ
ֻѪЦԽԽŨҶɱԽ࣬Խθڣͬɱ¾֮Դϧĸо
˼λҵĳʹûа취һʱʧ֡
ʣˣãǽˣѪȾ塣
аħǸƴˣ
ʲôʱܴ裬ҪĳҶ˹ҲԸ衣
ִԲҶһ˿ɱɱһҲɱɱʮҲɱ
ɱһ
ɱ¾֮ͻȻûʮöһϲϵľ
͡
һѪ䣬ͻȻԭأųֵƣϧȴܶˡ
ÿĽ
ŷףҶĽô˵Ŀ죬ۻҡ
˼ʧˣ
Ҷ޺ЦݣϽ˶һŭ֮ɫ
ô£Ϊǲҵʹɱˣǲ
Ҷ㵱˵棬ȻѵԼĳŭĿӡ
˭֪ҶǹɱˣƫƫҲڣ߸ҪɱҶ㣬ֻǼ˰ˡ
̨սѾӽβ˾ܽⳡս
Ҷߣտյû˸ҿҲǱҶղŵɱ塣
һ߸ˣ׵նɱǿɲðգȻսʤҶ㣬ҲûбҪһǿС
ƷɣնɱƷǲһ㰡
һ૵˵ԹܶԽսǶԸһѾǼޡ
ҶͬʱԸˣʵ۽Ƕ¶Ц⣬׷׿ׯ
û뵽ׯ껹յһӣҲ˼һ¡
󼸰ʮּңСǹѩһղŻʮˣܿٴӣ˼ʮˣϰˡ
ЩС˾ͳԿˣһˤȥǧܿȷʮɽ壬ʣࡣ
ֻѪ壬ֻҶһˡ
һֽǱߵķҲˣҶ˳׼һֱ
ûʱϢҶܿڶֲԣһҪ̭һϵˣȼõǰһ˽һ֡
һҶȻҪ˺ܶ࣬ղҲˣӵвٷţǧ򲻿ɴ⡣
ҪѪҶ߿ˣκβѪ
ûп̻ŷҶ㻹ǰԼ˼·̻һöƷɼԽһ֡
μ˷Ҷͣļ䳡ƴ
ʣǧˣҪھҪһʱ䡣
ƴȽϿ죬ò˶ãֳܷʤ
Ҷ̨ܿȺ˳򣬸ѡ֡
룡
ҶĶһʮ꣬ԼĶҶ֮󣬿Цһ
䣡
ӷһ̨Ҷĳʧ֣Լնɱ̨ϡ
Ҷһ㵣ղŻսԴҲӰ
ҲãҶʱ䣬ҲϧϢһ¡
̨Եսʱ򣬷ֺڸղŮִ
ʦ㣬㾹ȻƭǣΪղŲֱӸǣԽս
ܲʵںȴ̭˳ʤһ֡
ѾˣԼ
ϵĽͣǲΪƭǵġ
ߣԹŮţѾ˰ʦ֣
Ů¶֮ɫвĿǣܿ뿪
һҶ㿴ͻȻ˸һ˿ɲɱ⣬ܿȥ
ʦ֣
Ҷϸϸ֮ĶԻʦֲһ㡣
ʶɨǧ̨Ҷܿ췢һµ꣬ܿ죬һƽֻ̨һ֡
벽ɾ
Ҷ۽гһϸ죬ѹĵ˵ʦֻԸǣʦָϵͬһ㡣
ղ㶼ˣ
ҶߣʱſЦҶߡ
ʶ̧٣ϣǲҪǵң
ҶûԼɱӦչ¶һ档
ǰ̤ɽ磬¶ҪСڲͬˣ̤ɾ磬ҶҲȥȡմﵽ
ЩദҲ˽ҶԸ˲ңҲˣңұɱˡ
ãҲãҪǸв֮ģ˼϶ᱻҶϡ
ҶʦܣҪСİʦ֣
Ҷһ䣬ϣҶСһЩϾͨҲŵȡ
˵˵ʦ֣
Ҷʮֺ棬ν֪֪ˣսʤҶҪ֣ܶȾҪ˽֡
а᪣Сǹ¶ԸƧʮѸദ츳ãСͱһΪӡ
Ҳһ㣬ǾŮˣʮֺɫ֮ͨУѾкܶŮӱ̣˵ã츳ѣгϻţͱ˻С
˵᪣Ҳһʹ֮ɫ
Ҷ˵ͷƺЩˣղŮƸҲһЩĹϵȻƾʲôǳͷ
ӿɲִǰʮ
ص˵һ°᪣ҪĿĻҶСһ㣬֮ͨУǰ
ǧǰʮ
Ҷ⻬°ͣЦЩ֡
Լ˾شһֶǰʮԼƴشⲻԳ
һҶܿϳֺ⣬䣬Ҷ㼸ûô֣Ӯ
һǧ˼ټ٣İˣһֽԽԽ٣ֻжˡ
ȵĳʱҶĶڲ䣬ǱҶһɨ̨
ȣҶ̤ƴ׼һֱ
ֻʣʮˣһľӢӡ
УҶ㲻֣϶֮ͨҫ۵š
Ÿʼһƴ֮󣬴Ҷƴ⣬ھ϶ҶĪ
Ҫģȡڶ


1588 Ű
ƴȽϿ죬ΪÿһһյʱܽͬƴһһʱǶ̵ġ
߷ƴʼβƴʮڼҵս
ԤһҶÿöǼƷ÷ƴĹھûʲô⣬󲿷Ŀ⣬ۼϡ
츳ںãУһҲҲɳռޡ
ƴھҲϵһ־ͱ̭ţڷϳŲ֡
бףܶ츳ãֻܽķڷϡ
Щ츳ٵĵӣȻгɾͣҲı䲻ˡ
ǽ겻ͬƺһ࣬Ѿõ˷ھϣҲǰʮ⣬гھʸ
Ŷδֹ飬ÿͨӴȣδһϳֹ
ʣʮˣ֮ͨоӢеľӢһǾƷΨһˣǾҶ㡣
ƺѳŹһΪͨӢ֮Уʮ⡣
һҪ̭ʮˣ󲿷ֶһֻ˰벽ɾ
һҶĶ¬£ʵǿ֮ͨУǰߣ֪ʵΡ
رһƷȻǧҲһ˿ĺۼӵһ˿֮⡣
Сӣ˵ţƣ
¬ĺܸߣ߳ҶһԴģһͻһҶ졣
Ҷһ㶣Լƺʶ¬£ԷǺѺãѵԼ¬ʲô
¬ʦҪָһ𣿡
Ҷ棬һ˿Цгƺǿҵĵ⡣
ָ̲ҵֻҪ㶪̨
¬¿棬ȴһ˿棬Ҷ㲢δΪҪԼ
ĿԴ
ҶʱУһ⣬¬¹Ƹ᪹ϵͬһ㡣
ɣ
¬½Ųһ̤ϳ޴Ľӡһ־֮ƣͲҶκεĻᡣ
ǿıϳ֣һ쫷磬Ҷݺݵĳ
һȭ
¬·һȭͷһɽҶݺݵѹ
úã
ҶһԼ¬µһĲ
¬¸ҶսһصĿ⣬ȫۼϡ
ǻײ¬˭֪֮ͨУǳĴ󣬼ǿǣ绢
Ҷ㲻˷Ҳȭͷ׼¬ӲӲ
СҪʲôѵ֪¬µǿ𣡡
վҶȴ򣬽ٶƷӳһ߻ᡣ
¬˱ǣҶⲻԼ
Ҳһ֮ɫʮҶٶȣڳ˴ﵽ㲻Ӯ¬£ֲܻпܵġ
ׯҲ¶֮ɫҶƺЩȻûָҶ㣬ϾҲĵӣȻϣҶ̨ϡ
Ҳв¶ֻӣ޲ܿҶ㱻¬һȭ
Ҷͷ̫ˣЩʵǿȥˣ뽫ڽ¡
ĵӣһЩƵӶҪˡ
һλᣬԹĻҶ㡣
ڴ۵Ĺ˲һȭȭײһɲĢƣֱڿն
䣡
Ѿ˵ӰӣֻܼˣǺˮһܲϵӿȥ
䡭
̨ϳĽŲںˡ
գۼĹ򣬺ܿƽϢȥϵӰҲڴҵǰ
ôܣ
㼸ǧһվһŵĿ̨Ȼվ̨ϣֻλ΢΢Щ仯
Ҷ㻹վԭأ¬ң̫˼ˡ
ǵ˼άУҶӦûᱻ¬һȭ㲻Ҳɵ̨ȥ
ֻѪһЦ˭ҲƺҶԽԽθˡ
ׯҲ΢΢¶Ц⣬ԭҶ㲢çײ£սԼļޡ
¬£㱾𣿡
ҶЦ¬µֱ΢΢
ħ֮壬ѿȾƷɣħʺǣҶǸǿһͿƷѾκβԼ
Ҷ㣬ҳǿǸղֻһʱ⣬ɵڡ
¬¶ɱϣ˸ģһ˿绡֣Ƶǰס
Ҷ֮ģκһ֣ȫԸ¶ֵԼ
ȭͷٴɲԪҶȥȭͷ֮Улһ˿ɺâ
âһ޼᲻ݵѪ֮е
Ȼ䣡
ҶҲһ·Ҫ¬»ҪǿӣЩ··ֱӡһǺγɡ
Сӵʲô̥Ϊ޿ޣΪȻҲǿ
˿ʼ˼׷׿ׯҪ֪ҵҶ㡣
һֲ¬ȳ֣Ҷȶˣƽȭȴһ޾Ĵ֮
򣬾дһʱǲش֮ʱ
򵥵һȭ·ûһ˿һ¬֪һȭķ룬ﵽ˹١
ֻһ磬Ҷ¬µǰȭͷݺݵĻ¬µ塣
Ҷ㵱ȻκεĻᣬڵˣҪɱԼˣõķǴſ£Զ޷̧ͷ
ģ
Ҷٶȼܼȭͷһ磬¬µϡ
һߵķݣϻһߣȻ䡣
¬¿ҪʱҶȭͷֶˣ¬·Ŀܣһȭٶڲϵӡ
¬ѹûлֵĻᣬҶ㳹ѹˣ£ǵһͷѡ
Ѿ˲Ĺۿˣ⻹һƽıȫһߵ¬⵽˲˶õŰ
꣡
ϳҶ㣬ÿ¬Ҫ߶һҶ㣬һȭ£¬µͷһ꣬¬µһ첲Ҷ顣
Ѿ˲ֱˣ׷תԴԸ⿴ҵĳ档
¬ѲΣҶԲԲģǱģ
¬һʱ䣬ҶͿԲϵĳֱ֣Դ涼Ѫ
Զվĸˣһ֮ɫǰ᪸Ů
ղ¬ǰ᪷ԸģһҪúõĽѵҶ㣬˭֪ûнѵҶ㣬Լ۽ȥˡ
ߣ
һɨһźݺݵ¬µؿϣߵٴεɳȥһҶûм֣¬ºݺݵˤ̨档
䣡
ϳһδӣ¬Ѿ֪ˣ㲻ҲҪϢһһزȫָ
ֳһƬžղŴҶڲ²⣬¬ܼлҶ㡣
˭뵽Ȼģ¬¼ûô֣ͱҶȥ⻹ǾƷô˲һ
ׯǶЦˣͲЦˣҶԽǿ֤۹ȷֻҪͻɾͿԼȥһˡ
֣Ҷ·ûһֱ̨ɹǰʮ׼һս
¬£ֻͬĿ֮У̧ȥ
̨Ҷ㳯ᪿ˹ȥһ˵ĺ⡣


1589 
ƣҶư᪣Ȼ¬ɱԼҶͲŹ
Ҷľٶҿһܿϵһԭйϵ
֮ͨУǰʵ¬µĺüҶ֪ʱ˭ʤһ
ҵһλãҶϥ£ղһҵսǰˣǰսûôˬ
սʣµĶʮ˿ʼǩ̭Ӯüǰ
ƴƴѾ˴ʱ䣬ڽ뵽ؼʱ̡
û־մ̼Ѫ
ֻܴ̼˵񾭣Խ棬սԽӼҡ
ʮ˷ֳʮ̨һʣʮˣս˭ǹھ
һǩҶţӦĺš
̨Ѿ֣һŮӣĵӡ
Ҷʦܣ
ŮӻҶû̫ĵ⣬һ˿øС
ʦ㣡
Ҷ㲢ʶԷϾżŲãܶ˶ʶֻܱȭ
ʦܿˣȻ֪սʤ㣬һǲôõĶᡣ
Ůӽʵ¬Ǻܶ࣬սʤҶ㲻ܣҪλᣬúõĶһ
䣬˵ȥҲᶪˡ
룡
ҶƣȻԷҪд裬ҶҲд⣬໥ܴٽһ
˫ܿ콻սһ𣬴󲿷ֶһιУһУڵ˫սľ춯أȴ޷˺ֺ
㽻УҶ㷭ȥһƷ˺ö似κβҶ㣬֮£ֻѡ
Ҷǰʮˣܲμӣʣ°˼
ã
˫̨ϣлԺԼ
Ĺؼʣ°ˣͨڡ
ÿһ˶л̤ɾҶƷ֮⣬ʣˣÿһһֻŶ̤ɾʼתԪˡ
ֳޱȷڣˣûаƷɱǰʮ̫ļ¼
ҶĶ֧࣬ҶҲҶ֧ڲϵ
һǱҶ츳۷ڶҶΪ˴ƺûж֮
ܳʲôԭԽԽ˿ʼΪҶͣرЩͼӣҶǵż
̶̼ʱ䣬ʹﵽ˰ƷɣɼΪ̼֮ǲϵ
ĵӶôڷܣʲôʸ͵
ʣ°ˣϢһյʱ䣬ٴ̨̤໥ǩʣˣڽо
˸֣һŶԶţơ
ҶһǩдŰ˺ţȻһ롣
ֽгıͨӵУǰ壬ߵǰˣҲʵ顣
˽ӣ
ıһҶѪĻ۷ƷʼעҶ㡣
ǸҿԲ𣿡
ҶһЦ֮ɫԼ˵ǻǲǣԷš
ǣһſֽţҪǣǾһִ򷨡
ıʵʵ˵һֱӣĨǡ
ϲսʽɣ
ҶҲϲĨǣֱӵķʽսȷѡ
ãˬ죡
ıٳɣԼıһֻͷ㽣Ҳһ֣ڷϣһ־Ͳ̭
ҶҲҴ⣬Լɱ¾֮ɺĽâһţıһ˿֮ɫ
ҶĽ츳ǳĲղһΪҶֻǿˡ
ڻˣҶ㲻ǿᣬ߳츳ܳɫ
ϡ
˼һɲǵʱ䣬һ𣬽̨ϲϵ˸
ٶԽԽ죬ķģϲϵ˸Ҷÿһ̤
һ׳ķ򣬴ҶϸֳǳǿᣬĽֵ˻ĵ⾳
ԴҶԽԽղųıռƣҶٶȵϴԴĿƣıСԼĹΧ
ѤĿĽУԶЩĿѣ룬׷׺ȲʣΪ˼͡
ܽΣӰĿ϶Ҷ㣬õ˷ھҲǰˣƣƺгǰĵĿܡ
½罣
ı󱻱Ƶ޿ˣʩչԼĳͻȻ˹쫷磬޾ĽҶ㳹װ
ý
Ҷ㷢һ̾ıȷǽţʵǳĲ
ĽҲ
õҶͣıʮáе㽣γһ޴УһС
Դ
Ҷ㿪ʼǣܵ߿ʼתȴ޷˺Ҷֺ־ʮ
ͺñܶǿ籩꣬ΨҶ߷ƽ˾
˳̶ȣĲʵжԷ⾳Ĳ򣬳̫ࡣѾֵĵ⣬
Ҷûв´ıӦһˮ֮⣬⽣֮Уˮ֮Ԫأֻûнˮ֮ķӳ
Ҷõˮ񹲹ϴ񣬶ˮ֮мĲԲ׵ĿƳıγɵС
ڸı򣬾ȻΧҶγһУֱˣ˷׷¶֮̾ɫҶַͶء
֮֮ʦ֣Ҳһ
ҶнһЩԭⲻķ˻ȥҶ㽫ˮԪظıȫû·ԡ
ıɫ󾪣½罣ʮˣѾһ˿֮ˣҲ뽫֮Ƶ
Ҷ㵹ãҪƵĽǼԸ죬ԼĹֱǹ֮
˵ЩͨӣһЩɼʥӶŴ۾ЩţҪҵһЩԼ
˵ͷǵȻһ۾ܿҶˮ򣬳˳ı̫̫࣬ȫһȼ
ˣ
ıоԼݴ֮УܵǺˮ˵ʩչˡ
˹ˡ
һڿںˮȥıɫǵͨ죬ԵĽ쾹Ȼһôĳ
еѹ󣬽ıһɵ˿УҶĽƶϵҲŲ
ȥ
һ䣬ͻȻʧȥֱ̨棬ıⳡķڷ
֮ǰҶһΪҶһÿΣһ
Ҳ죬ıܲˮ֮壬̤ܲɾж
ܳıҶ˳ǰģӮһ¸֣Ҷ㽫սһһҡ
Ȼһ죬ȴٳٲȥԽԽ࣬᳡Χˮйͨ
𾪵ĻǺû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼǿ˳̶ȣ׵ĻܾƷɡ
֪Ҷչ¶ĲɽһǣʵҶû¶
ֻѪƺһʼϵһ㣬ȻͳֽҶնɱ
Ҷ㲻Ӯ±նɱҶ㣬ΪѪ岻ҪӣȻ˵ӣҪõġ
Ҳ׷׽ҳ̶ȶҶһ
ʣ˷ֱҶ㣬᪣£ˡ
ͨӵһڵڶڵȥˣ˳Ҫ¸һ¡


1590 
ʣˣ֮ͨеٮٮߣһ򣬶Լ
Ҷ֮⣬̶̼µĹѾȼüĸ֡
˿ʼǩ˭Ӯһ
ֻĸǩһһҶĺţߵ̨
һɫӰһΣҶ棬ǰ᪣õţһŹ¡
ȥͽֹӮˣԻõһٴ
Сӣ۸ҵŮˣڹҵǰ㲻
᪹ȻԸ°һҶ¹򣬼ֱ
üͷ΢壬ҲǳĸˣΨԸ̫Ƨˣгϻ̣ͱɱ
ŶҲҪɱң
Ҷ¶ζЦݣ¶һаЦа졣

᪲Ը˷Ѷ˵һֻ̨֣նɱҶ㡣
Ҿ̰ʦֵĸУְɣ
ҶҲøַϻȻԷĻҪڶ˵һ֣Ψս
˫ս˲䱻ɱ˶նɱ֡
ɢɱԶۿЩ˷׷ü˶ǲɶõţʧκһˣ˵һĪʧ
رǰ᪣شǳϵĵӣͬһ㡣
ҶĵλҲһ㣬ĵӣţ㣬ǰ;˲˭˭ҶԸ
һĵӣΪ˲𣬽ҾͽԭΡ
һУһŻˣȻ֮еĻ֮һöƣҶѹ¡
ǵصĻ棬Ҷ޶ԣֻЦ
ԽԽ࣬Ҷȫǵܲ˷̾
ǿ쿴ʦֵĻӴˣ
һЩְ֧᪵ĵӣ׷׷кΪ᪼͡
СӲɵ˰ɣûôĻ֮
Ҷ޶ԣվԭأȻûзĴ㣬ò˷Ц
֧Ҷĵӣ׷¶֮ɫѵҶһֻֽϻ֣¶ԭΡ
ǰЩӣʵȻǿǲĴǺܶ࣬ڷϣ᪲ͬն
ܿܽҶûһЩ϶¶֮ɫֻϣϴŵЦ⣬һġ
ֻѪɫƽʲô·𿴵˽һ㡣
ʮֽţҶΪ˰᪣ڰ֣֮һӶİ

ͻȻ֮䣬ܳһƬտ֮ɫһ󺣳֣Щȫ
ղŻ棬ֻգۼĹ򣬾ͱһɵһɶ
ٴ˵󺣣ҲֻܹԹԵıˮ˻ˣҶʩչˮ֮⡣
һ¬µʱҶȻûʩչˮ֮⣬ıˮʵһֶˮƿء
̨˲ָƽ·ʲôҲûзһ᪺ҵĹҶһ֣һɶ
᪵ӿޱȻԭΪҶԼĻ֮£֪Ľ֡
ҲҵĻ֮ɣ
Ҷ㲻˵ĻᣬһУŨҵĻ֮ˣ֪ҪȰ᪵Ļ洼ٱ
Щ汻ѹ֮ȼտռ䷢ǵһЩռƬֱӱ顣
־
ڻ֮УһͷӰˣһ˲𾪵
᪵ĻҶȣͺñһһǵۻʣȫһȼ
γһö޴ȭͷȻֱ֣ӳϯȥҶҪ˶֪Ҷ㲻Ǻǵġ
䣡
ܰζܣǱܲĹö޴ȭͷ·һ
ӿǣҲ˻֮ȻֵҶĻ棬ֻҪһ֣ĻͻᱻͬҶȭ
ʲôо᪱ˣҲУַҶԼ
֮£ֻ÷֮һش֣֮Ϣ᪻Ĳ򵥣֮е֡
ž£᪵屻˳ȥʮ֮ңŻ£¶һ˿Ѫ
˲ޱȳƣҶûм֣棬һȭ˰᪣ѾǼˡ
𾪵ĵȻЩۿĵӣĿѣ룬˵ص
СӲһ㰡
˿ʼҶ㣬ӸҶ㼸޿ޣô֮ˡ
ĵ⣬ǲ˼Ϲһ
ѵСʲôת
ͻȻðһ䣬ΪҶתǰļ䣬Щʩչ·˼һ
ܣʮأת
ҡҡͷתЩ磬ͷˣתҲܿһ
ܺãɹŭˣڣ
ɫĿɲԼıҶ㻹ǵһοͬʱʩչ
Ҷ޶ԣǻǴŵЦ⣬᪵ʵˣֻǱһľƷԸһЩҪսʤѶȲ
֮Ҷ㲻ܶãôϹŶҶɲй¶ܣǣ̫ϵĶ
һĻ˷֣ŪûᱻץߵСо
ͻȻųһֱߣֱӷҶ㣬ָ㣬Ĺ켣
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬׽̫ˣѰƺһ˿·С
ʦֵԽԽˣСΣˡ
᪴ɱķҶֻƵƵܣٴΪ᪽кãϣϽҶնɱ̨ϡ
ԭڳֵ
ҶǾ֣﷭󿪴ϵĹҶռݾԵƣ͵Ϯĳɷ֣һױС
ɱ¾֮ˣԴϵǣֻҶĽƶ˺Ҷֺ
Ҷʩչ쾡£ûôͱҶƵ
ҶƽĽЩͨӸΪҶǺɽ
ĸһ۾ͷֳҶ⽣£ʵش켣ȫûйɿԡ
ɫԽԽѿвҶ㣬ָһ㣬ͻȻ仯һΪԼٶȣ˲ʧû뵽˿һ
佣
ҶһȻĹܣѹǰ᪵ĳ
һˣ׽ʧĳһööʱܴ̽Ҷ塣
֮⣬һЩͨɾֲ֣Ӻδ
ϧҶ㣬֮˲ɨ䣬佣Ҷǰһ׼Լǰأһӣһ󱳡
᪻Ǻúݵģ׼һܱһУҶ㶼Ǳɡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһ˼ĽǶȣγһٰʮȵĻתƣ̨һࡣ
佣˲̿գҲ¶Ҷղվĵط
þô佣ģ
¶֮ɫȫףҶô佣ģݵĶܡ
˵Щۿˣ϶¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫȻȻʧˡ


1591 ɷ
佣ڴǰ͵ϮֻһΣ͵Ϯܡ
һ佣Ҫܳһʱ䣬һιǺü֮ˡ
Ҳˣ
ҶЦȻղЩΣգûۣ֮ҶƾԼٶȣҲֻܱܿΣԱȽϴ
ֻǸտʼ뿪̨
ʦɱҶ㣬ҲκβԼ
ɱԽԽԣ˫趯ӡһɽ֮塣
ѹְܵܶ˵׷ȷй֮ƾ⼸ֵ⣬Ͳܱͨ⡣
ԿɲѹҶ㻹޶ԣ·κεĹҶ㶼ԷƵԴ
һɲľɽ㸲̨ŰһȣҶݺݵѹ
ͣ
Ҷָһ㣬һâ֣и֮ɽи֧顣
᪻δ֣ͱҶɵƵñȿһڻŴ󵶣ͻȻ˵ָо
˵᪣ۿЩһĿɿڴȫܽܣ⻹Ǵ𣬲ܰαУҶ㶼׵ֵ߽ʽ
ٴαУһṦʩչֵ⣬κβҶ㣬ǻ֮壬֮壬Ҷ˵ǰ衣
С˼ϵĵǳ֮࣬һֱء
һۺ룬ŵЦ⣬Ҷÿγ֣ϵⲨرԡ
һЩʥӣ׷עҶ㣬ҪҶĵϸĵ
սû˱Ҷóĵƣ¬²УڿҲС
˫ٴγһ𣬰᪲ģеԪʹĴ򷨣һֵ֡
ҶȻǱַƵƮ죬ٶʩչ쾡£ǵЩŮС
̫˧ˣٶȼ޿ƥУ
ֻҶһǣ̨ϲϵĴޱȣ᪵ʽȫգֻһһϵıܡ
һʱ䣬۵ĲϵĴϢҶ½Ƕûմ⻹ͬһս
Ҷ㲻ƷɣҶͻƵƷɱƷ˵սɾˡ
ԶŮɫҰף᪲УҶ᲻Ὣŭйϣǵϣһ˿⡣
һʼǸҶһеҫȻҲǼ
ϧһжˣ᪶ҶĶ֣ѵСһƥǿĺ÷˫޵Ĺھ
Ҷ㣬ҵģ
Լĵ޷ɱҶˣͻȻһȣϣɢһҵϢʮֿɲ
ɷ
˷һɼķ൱ɾһҶʵǿҲܲסɾĹ
һα˵Щӣվһ֮ɫ̨
һҶɣ֣Ҳˡ
ΪɷѾɳȥӭչҶ㳹ԭء
Ѫһ˿ɱȻŭ

ҶͻȻһȣҲû뵽óɷ
ҺҶʮ־裬᪼Ȼĵ˵ɱԼ϶ʲôƣԭöɷ
䣡
ɷըһǿĢƳ̨֣ȫѣʯ
̨趨ʱ򣬼ֻɾͻȻðһ̨֪˲߽⡣
޾ĳϻص᪷ЦڿҶ㱻ԼɱҲܲסɷĹ
ʯлҳþòɢʮֳأһž
ͻȻᣬⲻƽҶһƽı֮С
ô
˲⣬ԭһľȻݱĽ֣Ҷɷ
ֳһƬžû˵ųʧҶʣˡ
һƳʧ̨ʯҶղվĵط˴ʯͷ֮⣬ʲôҲûУ·Ҷ㱻ˡ
Ҷ㻹̫˵㣡
һЦҶˣ泩޼ɵĴЦ
ۿ˴һ̾Ϣ֮ѡԸҶ
ҶԳ죬ҷ츳ߣ츳Ҳ᪸ȣֱһϣһ¡
Ūˣ˭֪ҶһöɷУְ֧᪵ˣѡ˳Ĭ
ʧʣ᪸Ҷһ磬ȻӵֶΣɷɱҶ㣬ֱһֳ衣
һ׳գƾɱң̫˵㣡
һʯѿҶôվɷһ֮£Ȼû
ôܣ
ŵˣһƷɷ൱һƷɾȫһҶȻû𣬳ЩѪ֮⣬һ첲ȶûϡ
ۿЩҲ׷¶˼֮ɫҶ㵽ôģһһ
ħű֮һħʺǣ֮壬ʣѵ˲ĵز׵Ļ
Ҷû˾ȻͬʱһףҶ
᪣ԭҲɱ㣬ڣɣ
Ҷԭһ᪣ˣϾҲһϡ
ҶԼ̫ˣһʼֱɱ֣᪸ûлʩչɷ
˭ҲỳҶ˵ĻƷɣɷҶ㶼ȻҶʲôĹ̥
и
ͻȻһץɱ¾֮ˣһɳȥ
͡
Щ᪵и֧飬ȴǽˣҲ̶á
úݵֶΣ
һһҶղһƺǧǰʮһ֣иȻ˳̶ȡ
дӡ
Ҷٴθıַһö޴ӡˣֱڰ᪵ϡ
䣡
̨᪵ϣڵѪɫ˲ήȥһľ֮ɫѵҶʵ
ҿͷ
ҶһˣԭأȻ޷̧ͷĸҶͷˡ
Զйɫ䣬ǵսѾˣ׷׹עҶߡ
ˡ
һ˺üͷ˵棬᪾ȻûУʲôֶΡ
ס֣
һȣ̨ϣһɨҶĴʧϵѹʧˡ
ʲôƾʲôס֡
Ҷֱϣ֮У˿ûоɫˣҲҪ
ҪԼһ̣ʩչħ֮Ҷɡ
󵨣֪˭Ҷô˵
ʲôʱȳһɱ⡣
һ̳ܽһͽܡ
ҶӦò³ˣ˾ǰ᪵ʦϡ
ɫ䣬Ҷ㾹ȻֱԲҶˣ˶ôΪ
Ǵ󲿷ֶҶͣΪҶ˵˺ܶ˵԰᪣Ǹŭԡ
СӣȻҾͳȫ㣡
裬һһƳҶֱ£ŵԶİ᪣ֱһƨˣֱ̨
һ糼ƷһɱҶ㡣
ˣҲ
ھƿҪµһ̣һƥĽˣ׵Ļơ


1592 նɱ
Ҷ۾һٶŬҲǶġ
һ̣һƥĽˣնҲնѿռ䣬޴ӡֱ˺ѡ
δ£һɫӰѪ
ԪҪֹɱ
ĺˣɫʮѿ
ֹɱҪɱ㣡
ԪѪ֣û˳ƺˡ
ң
ԪҪɱԼɫ䣬ȻƷԪȣѷɫ̫࣬ǽӽƷĴڡ
»Ҳ顣
ԪЦһԼĵӶɱˣοڶɱһˡ
Ҷ㿴ĳȣǰʲôƨҲкµʱ
Щۿĵӣɵˣһ֮ͨĽȻĶš
ͷԣ׷վм䣬ϣԵ֮ͣϾֻһӼд裬˺
֣겻ܳأʮָˣ鲻ϷһӣˣҶҲԿ
Ҷ֪Ԫ֮Գ֣ΪҪɱҶ㣬Ҷûˡ
˭Ҳҵĵϴһ
ԪǿӲһΣǰҶϴ
һ֪ԪƢǼˣ˭ӶҲС
ôʮΪѣǸǴһǸԪ϶ưոݡ
κ˵Ȱ˵Ԫ޶ãĲϣʱ䣬ҶǸȻҪ
ҵǸ
һŶ֮ɫĳҶǸˡ
ҽĵǸˣһ죬һһֻ
ҶþգȻϣԪִһֽԪѹҶ㷴òʧ
𳤽ԪһʧԭأصԼλϡ
ҡͷЦ׷뿪һ򶷣־ճ
֮ǰ޾ɱҲһΣʧԭء
᪣û˵뿪
Ҷɢһǿɱ䣬̨ܳһ˪
Ѿ뿪̨ҶҪɱԼϽһӣȺȥֻҪȺҶɱԼ
ϲ֣֮
Ҷ㵱Ȼܽɱʩչ˴һֻϲֳ֮ˣףֱӽץס
ϲ֣֮СôҲɹˣ
Ϊ֮𾪣ҶżŲʱ䣬ͽɹݱϲ֮֡
Ҷ֪ҶŶ̶ʱ䣬ţҲҪһʱܻûһҶӽʵʡ
һЩʥӶˣŲŵĿ⣬ɵ㶵Ŀֻϲ֮֡
Ҫ
᪸ӽȺͱҶץᵽ˿Уϵԭип˿ڣٴαѣѪѪһδδ
ɫĿ£Գ־°᪣ԥˣΪԪĶֻҪԪҲᶯ
˵
Ӱóɷһ̿ʼҶ̣ɡ
꣡
һ󣬰᪵廯ΪһѪˮϲֻ֮ˣɲ֮
һЩŮŵ÷У׷ס۾ڿա
һѪ䣬ֻ᪳ڵ䶯
ɨܣֲ˲ֱԼ۾Ҷĵ˵ͷĿѾﵽˣнԪ˭ҶԼ
Ƚй¸᪵ľûбҪˣˣȻǵ
ھҶ֮ĿǰҪӮҶ̫ѣȥӮ°᪣ķ˾ų
Ҷɱ᪣Ѵ֮ôȥ룬Ӧܲ³
ҴһףҶһеƣûʩչ
ֻɱ¾ЩҶ㶼ûʩչ
ϢʱҶһ̨˫û֣ҲϢ
Ҷ֣ʵ˵԰᪶˼
ż֣ǳҶʵ
˶˶䣬Ҳ֪Ҷʵ˺ֵز
߳ɣ
ҶûҶӡǺܻӸղǹµı֮Уܿ˻Ǹӡ
ⳡñˣ䣡
˵Ҷ㶯˾ųɣԣҶ˵߳ɣҲɵӣҶ϶һ֣Ҳɵҡ
µûҶղŶ԰᪣ȷʵֻʵʩչǿĵ⣬᪸Ƕ֡
ôң
Ҷ¶֮ɫͻȻ䣬ھս
ʵҪӮ°᪣Ҫų˵֮仹üȥ𣿡
ʵʵ˵϶ܻܣؼҪöʵǹؼ
ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷͬ˵ղŵսҶҲעˣǿҪȰ᪻ҪһԼҪҲǲܡ
һҷƴˣŵھȻͬһ˵õǿ˶ϲġ
ǽҶΪ˫Ϲھݽׯ͵Ҷ
лʦ
ӹҶ̲ƺԸղֻɱԼׯûгʮ
Ҷ鿴ׯ΢΢һЦ⡣
ǲҵղûг־㣿
ׯҶߣСʵ
Ӳң
Ҷд뷨Ҳ˵
Ժ׵ģΪԪ
ׯ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷ͵Ѫ壬ȻĿĵģϣͨԪϵļԼܲϵĽ
Ͳ½Ԫɱң
ҶʵͲµˣֻô̫ðˡ
ɱ㣬ΪͬϢҲֻѪ壬ĳɳ
ׯĳ˵ҪǷɽ壬Ҷ㲻ôɳ
ܽˣ
֪ׯǺ⣬ҶҲ˵ʲôׯ֪ˣԪԼ
ʥӼ佻еĺܿ죬ȽϾʣҲܲϣŽ
ֻаʥӲμӣĺûг֣Կ㲻Ǻܴ
ԪĬĬĻصѪ壬һ·˭Ҳû˵Ԫϻɱӣƺڸǲסˡ
ҶĬĬĸ󣬴Ҵһ¡
лң
Ҷ㻹Ǹм˵һ䣬ǽԪͻȻ֣ԼѾ
ֻǲϣСѣӦ
Ԫ˿⣬·ѵûзУɽϣѪǰ
ɱѹħȷһõķõķɱ¾֮ںϵħ֮УͬͬԴ֮ãëȻȬ
ҶͻȻðһ䣬ǰĽԪͻȻס壬תӣֱĵҶ㣬ɱͻȻһ˲䱬
ҶһΪԪҪɱԼ岻һ
Ϊû뵽𡣡
ԪһһƽԼ飬飬϶Ҷ㣬˲֪
ʵѣҿԽһοھԿ
Ҷ㲻ȽԪ˵Ͱһοھ뽹Ԫ档


1593 լ
һУҶ㼸ûκͣವһʧԭأصԼķ䡣
Ǵлľ֮
Ҷٴγ֣Ѿڰ֮ˣ½ԪһվԭأϸϸƷζҶ㴫ǵĿھ
Ҷħ˫ޣȻνħԼͬɱ¾֮ںһοھ˵Ҳ˵Ҳǳ
Ϊھܼ򵥣ֻȰ֣ܲ͸ģȴ֮٣ڣҶˣû˱
ҶıӰԪ¶һ˿ο֮ɫ
ҶҲ½Ԫѹ˵ǰ֮ҳƽˣ˭ҲǷ˭ġ
һΣԪҲʧԭأصԼĶҶ㴫Ŀھȥˡ
صԼ䣬Ҷ򿪽Ľʮַ񣬽ʮöƷɾһǧöƷɾӼöҩиӰ˵Ķ
ܶණҶ㶼òֱӸӵһߣͨӵĽʥӲ̫ˡ
ʥлƷɾҶһöû̵
Щʱò˰ƷɣҶ㾳翪ʼƿˣҪͻƾƷƾԴѻǲġ
һ¾ǰٹԴᣬҶѾӦ˺϶ȥμӣڽһ棬ҪĿġ
һƽӣҶûµʱȥҩ԰ϴҩһЩҩҶ壬ڲϵᴿ
֮ڻѣҶ㣬𽥻ع顣
ڼҶ˺ܶƻСϢϧһֱûнǼƺ
ϹѩҶҲ֪
һʱ䣬Ҷ㷢Ǳڻ꺣֮еһżѣԺʱ򣬽ȣΪѣħȣҲõǰԼħűԼ߱ʽ
ʱһμҶԺ֮Уɽ磬ɼѵļ󣬹ͻƾƷʱμ佫᳹¶
ûµʱ֮ԽԽǿһ񣬾ͿԿưƷԸƷҪȫע
֮һİˣǽɣʱ䣬ָ߰˰ˣǰԼĳŵԺҶ㡣
ڽɵĵҶϵˣûż棬ǰճǣźԶǻʼڵĵ̡
ҶҪýȥԽڵʵҶ㼫٣ֻеɾܳΪҶ
ӣճʲô
ʮֺ棬һ·ϲϵ̽ҶʵԼҶԽԽԶǾƷɣƺҶһָͷ
ճǱȽϻң̾ﶼУҪ齨һ鱨ϵͳռһЩ鱨һЩĸ䲻Ҫ̫ʮͿԣöǹ¶ǰҪġ
Ҷ˵ԼĿģԭֱȥΪҶҪμӰٹԴᣬȲȥֱˡ
ãϣ齨һ鱨ϵͳҪܶԴ֧֡
¶Ϊ֮ɫȻвԴǰҶõȥҪڣʮڵɾ֧֡
Դ⣬齨ҲһһϦ飬չ
ҶýɲҪΪԴԼϻһǧɾάһʱ䣬ҷչһһ顣
ɴӼҶһۿʼ;һ㣬صĸҶ㡣
Ҷ֮ڽӡӡǣɾģҶ㲻õġ
ճǺܿǰ˴󲽽УⷽԲֻճңҪչԼճõĵص㡣
ҵһջס֮Ҷ뿪ջ׼һطҪչҪе̡
ճĽгҶһԺӣΪʼ㣬Ϊɽ罨ҵĵһء
ҪӻˣԼʵǲУԼﵽˮٳٲϷˣҶֻԼ
ɽΣأСûҵƣΣҶԶİ
Ҷ㵣ĵĲϾתǰ϶ҲǴҪССˣûʸת
гܴ㼸ʮƽСֹзӽףƷףʮȫԶԵȽĵطɽɲ
Ҷ㿴˺ܶԺӣôԼ⣬̫󣬾̫С
̫ԺӣҶ㹺𣬶ǧɾҶֻôࡣ
̫СԺӱˣʮĶУϧֻסˣҪչǲ
ת˴ȦҶڿһԺӣǧƽңܴʺϽһС䳡
Ҫڲһ󷨣һĵص㣬Ҷ⡣
Ҫɾ
Ҷ㳯ʵ
ɾ
ʮֿԺֻǵؽƫƧһЩȺһλã۸һ룬ǳĴ
ãˣȥɣ
ҶһڶܱˣϾ
õģʹȥ
ʮָˣ׼ҶȥԺúüˣһֱûȥΪһլмԵ޹ʱɱ
뿪гһֵԽԽƫûмӰˣҪ뿪ճǣżԺӵӰӡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ΪԺӱȽԶɱɱȽء
ܸǰʲô𣿡
Ҷ㳯ʵôŨɱȻγɵġ
ûʲôǰ㲻Ầ˰ɣ
ò굱ȻһլڼҲȥΣ˻˵ֹ
£
ҶһЦû¹ȻɱŨһĵطҶ֮á
ֻɱܴ˵־ҶɲһЩ־ᶨˡ
ʷլ
д֣Ӧǰ˵ĸ֪ۡΪν
Ժӣһȣ˳ų߽ȥһ޴Ĺ㳡ڹ㳡Χһŷݣ͵Ϸ
滹СˮΪɱԭЩʻ񣬷·ʱ
תһȦûκ⣬ɱ֮⣬һɱƺԵ¡
λӣ㿴𣿡
Ҷ㲻ҪˣԺӿѹˡ
̫ˣɲԱ˵㣬ҵǿǽ֮
Ҷ㾭飬ܿҪ׷ӡ
ڱˣ㿴۸Ҫг۸һ
¶Ϊ֮ɫ۸ȷʵܱˡ
İǿңת
Ҷ㻹һ򣬽۸͵İ۸ҶΪȽϺ
¶ԥ֮ɫҪ֣һļ۸ԥʮʱ䣬һ
ãɽ
ȻʮΪѣ۽ǻ¶һ˿ϲɫ˿ż֣һ֣׬һ
˫ܿǩЭ飬ճǳµĹأĵ̣κζġ
һһһǳ൱һһĹߣˣճǵİȫ⡣
ʵһεţֻҪ̣Ҫ˰ѣҲһʱҪܶѣߡ
꣬ҶվԺ֮Уϸϸɱ
ϰףоûУɱ¾֮ϵɱǳĽӽ
ϰ׳ˣҲŵɱ¾֮ζ


1594 ɱ
ϰ˳ûһСˣվҶϣҲüͷɱ̫Ϥˡ
˵Ĳɱ¾̫֮ƺӵص´ġ
ϰ׵˵ͷʮֿ϶˵ɱ¾֮һ壬Ҳ̫ˣҲɱǺܶ඼ݱɷոᴿ
磬˭֪ʲôҶҲֻ룬ڵûдµı£бҲֻ̾ܲܽڿ
Ҷ㻹ǴȵϿ˼һϣͻլ֡
֮˵Ҷ㲻ţȻǵĹ꣬ҶҲаս֮ɱ
ɫ𽥰ҶվԺ֮УǿգԺӽʮأ¹͸м쾮䵽ԺķλãγһֵͼΡ
ĸͬͼˣʮֹ죬ţһֳֵ棬
ѵǴ˵еҹ壬ҹ
Ҷʮֺ棬Լ㹻ǿ󣬿Ӱӣ϶Ҳŵƨ
ԽҶԽǺ棬Ҫլʲô
ҹɫԽԽܵɱŨγһɺɫϢаȸǹ֡
ǵӰӿʼˣܵҶϢȰӰͻȻҶܣֳֵ濪ʼҶ㹥
ͣ
ҶһܿϳһӡǣЩȻʵʵڣǻ룬Ҷһ
ѹլֻҪլ֮У϶Ҫɱκһµˣ죬ͽլ
ҶЩڣӦڼۣƸլҲԼȻһֱ
岻ϵĶܣƺʮйɣȻһ̬ҶܣӰӰΡ
ҶٶԽԽ죬Ժ׽ԲأֻҪû¹ĵطӰӾ޷룬Զʧ
ֻҪ¹һ֣ӰҲ֣֮֮
ϰףһЩŵûУ
Ҷζһյʱ䣬Ӽ֮УҲйӰκϢ
Ľ׻ڳ˼ƺһЩȴȷ
صпһɱ󣡡
Ľ״Ųȷɱʮַңܶڽ췿ݵʱڵص¶Ὠһ󷨣һױаһóȻ뽨棬ͻ⵽ɱϮ
ڶɱ¾ɢԺ䡣Ĺɱ󲢲⵽ƻѾһɱ
ʲô󷨣
ҶһͷˮԼҲ󷨴ʦˣȴû˵ɱֶ
ʧͨ󷨣ǽڵ֮ϣΨɱ󣬱Ҫڵ£չ֮άת
Ľ׽ͣɱʧ˲֪꣬Ѿûм˻᲼á
Ǹ󣿡
ܲһӲܾסɣ˭ҪǲС̤ԺӣǱаȸɱˡ
ΪҪһȻϣԸ죬ɾˣҲ޻ء
ĽײҶ㳷ȥɱ󣬶ڸ󷨣ŴֻҪСһЩ󷨣ػլӣֿԴ似ֱһõĺ顣
˵ĲҶԹɱһϲͨθ졣
Ҷ㲻û⣬Ŀǰ󷨼⣬޷ɱ
ˣһЩڹɱ鼮ܲҵһЩߡ
Ľ̯̯֣ﲻæҪҶԼȥ
аڽһҶоԼ似٣ȷһء
㵽ȻصԭأɷһҹͻȻðҪŵð
ϰףɱڵ¶ĵطǲɱ¾֮ĶΪ࣬ת
ҶϢʱ򣬽ܸ˳ʼκ󷨣࣬ɱӦҲˡ
ȻҪҵһάֹɱĲϲôףǿҵɱ¾־ܵ¹ܽ¹յϣͨѭȾγˡ
ЩϢĽ׻ģʲôϣĽײ֪Ҳ£Ͳһö
Ҫ󷨾ҲҲǧɡ
Ľҡҡͷںδֻ֪ǴŲ³һ֡
ǧɣ
ҶҡҡͷɾҲ´ǧɾ룬ֻſԡ
ѾЩͷˣ׼һЩϣһ󣬸ɱศɣӦܿƹɱ󡣡
Ҷ㲻󷨴ʦȻƽɱǾ
þƹɱ֣رվ󣬿ɱȻܴﵽĿġ
ɫһԺԶʧһлָԺɱҲɢ٣Ϊԭʧ
̤ԺӣرսƣҶ㳯ճǸȥһЩϣڽϽɣ󷨡
̤ճǣϽջȥһҹûȥɿ϶ȼˣΪԼʲôء
һ̤ջʹһӵƺ
СӣϽҿͷղײҵôˡ
ջУΧһȺˣʮţȻҪ¹
ûײ㣬ײҡ
ڼ磬ȻǱ˿һѣԲʮּ
СӣڸҽƱ磬ŲھͰ͵֪˭ĵ̡
ȳٴγ֣Զֵ˷׷ױܿԸ¡
ʼԽԽˣԺճǣҲҲһ徻֮ء
̾Ϣһ뿪˿ջԭЩǻʼڵˡ
Ҷ̤ջΧһˣڲϵĺȳ⣬ΧӣǻѪϮ
ûײǣǹݺңΪʼ˲𣬲˶ǡ
ĨȥǵѪ̼񾭣ղ¥ͻȻ˳Լײ˹˾˵ײͬˣҪɾ
˼ǹ޻ˣ
¶Ц˺ܶΣԲˬףűˡ
ûǹײҡ
ɾʱĻҵĿԣܵС˺
Ȼ㲻ʶ̧٣ݹǲˣ
¶׼ڶȳ֣Խһ˵˵Ķ֡
ɣ
һ䣬һȳ֣Ƴ˹ȥϽѾˣܲˡ
ջ˼߹ˣûԸҲԤ⵽˽ɵˣ϶֮֡
˷Ц·𿴵˽ɱɵĳòɾɱ˽ɣӦҲвԴ
ʼڼ֮ǰŵı֮󣬵ŵԴʮֽţǰÿ쵽ǳĽڲϵĿ˿ۣ޷άǵ
֮£ʼڵĵӿʼĹǿӶᣬЩʵԼµĵӡ
һԻʼһСĴ֧Ҳ֮١
˵ЩͨӣʥӶһԴˮһ롣
⼸£ʼԽԽ˿û˼䱾ĴϻԴά
žԽԽ¶֮ɫƣҲһƻӳ
䣡
ԣһӰ͵ɳȥ³һڿѪ


1595 
ԣһˣֱӷ˳ȥڳһյأļˣ˺ü
һӰͻȻǼ˵м䣬潪һơ
Ҷҵˣ
һȳ֣Ͱһͷѵˣ壬ݺݵҽǽ棬֪
ͻȻֵҶ㣬ܻʼڵϮԥĳˣһƽɣ
ӣ
۾ΪԼɣǰֶһӰҶ㣬ͻȻϻ
ûˣｻҰɣȥϢ壬º֢
ҶýȥϢָƣʣ˽Լ
ӣСģ򵥣ǾƷ֡
ʮӸղһƾܿҶʵǳĿɲһƷܱ⡣
Сӣ˭Ҵǻʼڵĵӡ
ʣ˷һȣٳɣ׷׳Ҷ֣ʼճǣǾǰ˭ҵ
ʼʲô
Ҷͼʶ˻ʼڣȻֻҪɣκҶ㶼¡
ʼڣˣ
˳ҼлҶȥ·ķˣ׼һ
ǣ
һдӡˣһֱѹԭأȻ޷
ԶĽɿҶһƽһˣȻʧ˳ΪҶɲʡ

һһ׵֣һӻûͱ׵Уڣǽ̿һֱӱˡ
һĶҲۡ
ˣҶ㲻ٳɣŽѸ뿪ջǻʼڵĵ̣Ҷ£ҪСһЩⱻʼ˷
ԽʧȺ֮У²ԭۡ
úݵֶΣȻɱʼڵĵӣ˵˭
Ҷߺ󣬿ջΧۺܶˣ׷ۣճǣʼû˸棬ճǳʼڵӣҪͿ
ȴ˵ڱ˴Իʼ˵һܴ衣
ܿ죬Ϣ쫷һСҲճǻʼڷֶĶӣҶ䡣
һҶͲ֪ˣŽɻصԼԺӣ˿̵ճǣһ࣬ʼڵǧӣڲɱʼڵӵ֡
Ҷòܿ챻˳Сܿ촫ʼڵУ˷ˣⲻǻʼڸŷȵʱӮûʼڵǸҶ𣬾ȻҲճǡ
֪Ҷˣʼǲӣ׼ΧҶ㣬֮ճǡ
ΤʥϧһдۣҲҪҶ㣬ǻ׽Ҫúõı֮
ľƷӿճǣһѰҶ䣬ɾû
֪ҶǰƷɣܻɱƷ֣һλʼɳ˲һƷǰЭ
ճһţҶɰĵԺ棬ʮ⡣
ɣԺǵĴӪԴúá
Ҷ㽫ԺϤһ飬رǹɱصἰˣͻȻĸȰ飬϶ŵðǻй
ôԺӣЩ⣬ǧˣҶĴ㣬һǧԣҪǾӢһҪ
йɱһ֡
ɾҶһճǣҪһЩϣþ󣬿ศɣԺӦָܻ״̬
ҪСģɱ˻ʼڵĵӣڿ϶ڴ
һ䣬ҶС¡
İɣҲҵġ
Ҷɱ˵ʱ򣬸ıϢһ˿ħ⣬ˣҲƾϢ׷Լ
ٴλصճǣҶȻ֣˺ܶʼڵĵӣҰѰңÿջһ飬ûҶӰӡ
üΣʼڵĵӸҶûз֣֮£ʼֻա
κ˲뿪ճǣϢһճˡ
Ϊ֮󣬾ǰٹԴۼӣ뿪ǲܲμӰٹԴˡ
ճǲߣʼ£ŻʼڴճǴţֱǰȨճǳûȨǻʼƾʲôճǵ顣
һиҶ㶼ûйϵķ죬Ҷ취뿪
۶ôңʼھǲǣɱ˼ˣƽϢûٸ¡
˭ҵʼڣѾһţϼɣңңǼ壬һȼѾȻˡ
򵽺ʵĲϣҶ㷵Ժӣʼ󣬴죬
ڽɣҶθıòȥʱҲȫܶ࣬ɱģûм˿
ɱͬҲ֮ͬ
һǵά󷨡
մվע뵽֮УԴԴϵԲףγϵĳ
֮䣬ʵɣŮҹڰ
ﶼ벻ֲҲһ棬ܹһ硣
æҹҶŽóɹҹǹɱศɡ
һϣɿԺаȣȷʵŵùǺҶǰ֪ͨˣ϶ŵðȾܡ
ڶϾӦ˸Ƚ֣֧һͱɨɣϽ
ʱţ֧ŵʱԽԽãû似д򶷵ľ磬ڷ
ԺʻҲ𽥻ָ֮Ѿоһլˣһ
ȥܶʱ󣬷·ź¶½
ɣͽˣҪʱ䣬԰㸸Ҳӵ໥ҲиӦ
Ҷ֪ΪһŵŴӦԼ׵Ĳûãһֱ޷
Ѹ׽ӹȫȫĸҶ㣬ҵ
뿪ԺӣһǣҶҪ뿪ˣȻϲϰٹԴᡣ
Ӧ˺ҶҪȥμӣҪǶúóɼԵõһǧĽ
ԴҶ㿴ĲǺأֻǧҶҪ㵽֡
ǧ֮ܲף
ֻвأѰԼ֮ա
ջǳţʼڵռ죬κ˲óȥѾֵòɿΪճǻŵĵӣҪϻȥ
ξ˺üӣҲңңǼ壬ϼɣе
ҲҪȥμӰٹԴᣬȻһ𣬳ʼڷѡ
ŴΧˣʼţȥɾסκ˲̤ɾ⣬뿪
ΪҶɾУ뿪ɾ֣϶Ҷ㡣
ǻʼƾʲô뿪ǵɷ˲ɡ
һ귢סǵĻʼڵӿʼѡ
԰ֻ꣬£֮Ȼ򿪳ţô뿪
ʼڵĵҲëΧˣʼڲ
ͨ˵ȻҶԻʼôڣϼɣңҾͲҪʼӡ
԰꣬ôʼڻǰԵΪԺһҶǲҪ沢мŰ˲Ƿ
ҶվȺУ˵ҷ׷׸͡


1596 ٹԴ
ҶվȺУȻһƬĹ
ûǻʼʲôʱһҶˣȻûаǷ
˿ʼ壬һһ䣬ʼڵϵѹԽԽڵҲҵˡ
ҾһֻҪץһˣץԺȻŴ뿪
ʼڵʮֽȥ϶ҡ
Ҫһ϶ὫǼ̤ʬ޴档
ǻʼץˣƾʲôҪȣǲˣҪȥ
Ҷȶͷǰ塣
ֻҪ˴ͷܿһѷȫǰߣʼڵĵӲˣǳţѾ޿ˡ
ҿȥʼʲôȻˡ
Ҷվԭأһȥܿ첱Ӵ֣̼ˣѾ嵽˳űԵ
ʱ䣡
ǧ˽Ŵ򿪣ƾʼ⼸ˣزסΪǲɱˣ󲿷ֶǸ廹дŵĵӣһɱˣǻʼڵòʧһǿĵˡ
ͨ˵Ҳˣɱ˾ɱˣţ壬ʼڲ֪ɱ˶١
Ŵ򿪵һ˲䣬˲˳ȥͣ׷뿪ճǣԻؼңҸ衣
̣
ڴ뿪ճǵһ̣ϿճһɲϢȫѹԭء
֣
˷һʼΪ׷ɱҶ㣬Ȼɳĸ֣ҶȺ棬ǰľ
ҿ뿪Ҫҵļ飬޹ԱȻߡ
ɨˣʶһ飬ҶڲС
ϧҶٴθıϢħʮͨһˣþħԼеϢסˡ
ƾôһ˿˿ϢܷԼҶҲǴҴһ£Ⱪ©Լ
֣Զˡ
ʶܿɨһ̣ҶشʱҲμ˷ȣҶϵϢʮϤ
ħ⣬ԭϢӲ۾
Ҷ㶼ʱ䣬ƺԥҲȷԥ˺þãŽʶŲһ˵ϡ
Ҷ㳤һղŽŵ˼㣬й¶ôһ㣬϶ɡ
˺ܿϣûҶϢ
ǿˣ
һ֣Щ˿뿪ˡ
ˣҶѵ𣿡
һɾʮֹʵ
СпܻճǣŶǷסˣԸȥԴ򿪳ţκһˣӲǵ۾
ʼ֪ԽԽ֮£ɳ֣סţֻҪҶһ֣ܷ֡
뿪ճǣҶ㲻ҲûʩչκʶԸ֮ңóȻʩչߣ϶ᱻ֡
Ҷ²ûȻ뿪ˣʶǷⷽԲֻҪκο֮ˣͻȻߣᱻץ
Сʱ䣬ҶƵķΧżӿٶȣŸȥ
һ֮Ҷصţⲻ֪ͼˡ
ҲյϢҶ㾹ȻܵճȥˣĺҵҪȥҶ
һ飬ȻصѪ壬ԪûǵҶ㲻עʱͻȻðҶѾֲˡ
ϵɱ¾֮ħںϲ٣ò˶ãϵĶ񼲣ǳˡ
ǰĽԪɫϵϢָ
˵ҪμӰٹԴ᣿
ԪûзϣҲûгϣܶһСȥǶˣҺҶûжἰ֮ܡ
Ԫγ֪Ҷǻһ顣
Լ
Ҷ˵ͷûзϣȷʵμӣٹԴᣬԼҲԶӴһЩţޱȾ޴ܲһֱš
˵ȥճǣʼڵ׷ɱ
ԪҶλ֮󣬻ҲˣǰôƸɱħȥĹϵҲ

Ҷ˵ͷûнͣҲҪͣԺĵ·ҪԼճǾݵ㣬Ҷ㻹֪
ΰٹԴᣬȥʼڵ˶㲻
ԪԭϴηȣҶӮ˻ʼڣ϶ưոݣ뾡һа취ҲҪնɱҶ㡣
ڰ޷棬ԪģҶԱⲻ󣬾һ·ϣʼڻʲô
м
иҶֶΪ֮õ顣
һڰ֮С
˵꣬ԪһΣʧҶ㻹ʼ⣬ԷûӰˡ
ǸĲûϰߣ
ҶЦһصԼסһȥ￴ʲôʱһŲμӵĿ϶ֹԼŻͳһš
ԪҲŵ˻һڰбҶ㡣
ȥһˣ˲ٻ飬Ҷоӯ٣ʱһѡ
һֱգų⣬һѭҶ
СӣúõմﵽɾϷʱһ񣡡
ԽԽϲҶ㣬ҩ԰ûҶ㣬ҩȫָҩҶ֮ԽԽá
СӶлϣ
Ҷæлһ˵Ĵ񣬿϶ͬ졣
һʱ䣬Ҷ뿪ҩ԰ľȥҶõϢԼճǵʱ򣬺ΪûٳҪȳԼ
Ҷ㵽һĲŷҶƺһЩú۵̫٣ʥӡ
ʦ㣬ʲôʱ
Ҷ뺫Զ㣬Ҷûнӻµ˵ʱǲκˣ³ƯǰٻӣҶҲǾǧ
죬ʮ˲μӡ
ҲˣҶԶ¶һ˿Ц֮ǲˡ
Ǻãټ
ҶûйͣصѪ壬
һҹʱܿȥҶϴϣҲ֪ͨԪȻӦ飬϶
Ѫ壬ҶϵĵطԴӣ֪ΰٹԴʮӡ
ҪصһţŻҪϵŬκεطҪúóɼ
Ҷ֣
Ҷ㵽к֮Ҷվ
λˣȻҲˣͨһ䡣
Ҷ֣þò
й¶˹׷׳Ҷк
֣֣
ҶҲȭҶЩӡ󲻻ûԼСʱвԼ
Ҷֲμӣſ϶ȡòĳɼ
֮У츳ãʵǿ
ðһҶ㣬ֻΪģ۷Ҷ֮ϣΪҶҲ֮ϡ
ЩͨľƷɣкʸûУǺƤкϾҲҶ㡣
Ҷ㲻ǰĴкһĲŷԭС֮ڶȾ֮ˡ


1597 ʼڷ
ڴ۵ĹϴһԶԴӣԽİٹԴǳӡ
ĵһʯҪø
ų˼꣬Ϊˣ⼸İٹԴᣬ˶壬ֱǶ˶Ѽˡ
Ҫһϴǰܣ㲻ܵõھҲҪõǰ
벻ûʼǰ棬ų֮ǰԴҵҪ󣬾һпܣúóɼ
ȥĹھڣڶǻʼڣϼɣ˵ھλڶ֮¡
ңңǼ嶼ԽţȻѾﵽһı׼м廹кܴĲ
һ㷢չǿҲѪƣվޡ
ŲͬմŵӣԴԴϵѪҺŲϷչǰ
ӽİٹԴỹһ˼
һúΣƻкܶѡţֻʵѪҺŲܲϵ׳
յĵӣ󲿷ʺܲŵƲӣһ겻һꡣ
ӳҶ֮ŻϣеϣҶϣȻû˵ʵһ·ϼҶͿܸо
رԶȫûаҶ㵱һ˵ЦٵĽĿ⡣
ǰܸ˵˵ٹԴһЩ𣿡
ҶֻǴӺ֪һЩϸڲǺϾҲǵһμӣҲ
Ҫ˵飬ΰٹԴ᲻ͬ꣬ǿǰʢһΣǧ˲μӡ
ԶҪ˵飬Ҷˡ
Ŷôˣ
ҶҲһ棬û뵽ô˲μӣǧˣھҳ̶ȿ֪
ΪشΪ˴ԼΪ˵õıţǰ̵ĳ޷塣
һνֹǧһ֣˵Ŷóٶھеڣóһö񵤣ھ
ͶԹھöҩԭǽԼŵӵģλᣬϣھȻԼţúõ
񵤿ɼĵҩҪǾƷ̷߳ɻͻƵɾֻҪȫӰ޷˳õǧڻһö񵤣ͻɾָտɴ
ÿһŻ߼Ϊһλ˭ܻøǹھϽõöȵڶҪһö
Զͣ޷ޱȾ޴һһ㣬޺Уʮֻÿ겻ϵķܣʮֿɲ
类˷ӡˣ޷ɳɵزҲ;Ʒ
Щӽȥ֮󣬿ɱҲпܱɱҲпͬһжпܡ
֮У˽ȥ鱦ժģȻԼģ˽ȥɼһö̷ֱ֮ͻɾ
ҲǴӿԭ֮һ
һ棬ҩҲһջ񵤵ջǧ˻ǾѡģȻи˽롣
˭ܵõ࣬Ȼǹھ˼𣿡
Ҷһ£ƺµһЩһΪһλʲôھô䡣
Ȼõ࣬ھȻģǰҪ֤ŵԽˣʸõھ
ȷԼһõ˶öİٵĻҪŵõİһûг٣ھȻС
ԶͣһŶӺҶõ˹ھܱ֤ŵõھʸõνĹھ
ͨĶҶ㿴ĲǺأҪ񵤸ǧҶҪõ
ˣ
ҶܿᣬԶ֮ô˵Ҳϣһ𣬲ҪΪ˶ԹӰ֡
ȥ֮󣬾շһЩͬŵӣҪɱȻͣʱˣȻһ𣬾һȻ͵Ϯ
Զ֪ҶԸϲһ䡣
Ӿ
ҶûдӦҲûоܾܼ£Ҷ㵱ȻţҶ㲻ʥˣ˶˽ģڱȫԼ£顣
һ·ͣͣ󲿷ʱ䶼ڸ·ʮ˹ϵҲܿ˵Ц
֮һƬɽ֮УݣҶԼҲȥ·
ɽޱ޼ʣǷУлɳȥҪƾ˫Ÿ·Ҫһأͱɵˡ
ƬԲǰ޷壬ܱסˣӲ
Զָŵϳ˽ͣҲܷӡⷽԲ
޴һȥڵϣһ޴ƽ̨ҲԵӵ
ѾӰζ˱絽һǰȺ޷Ŀ
ƽ̨˺ܶ࣬ǧƽСʮˣʮɵġ
ڣϼɣʼڣ֮ţңңǼȵȣѸϵ
вٹҲϵˣִԷˣҲǰٹԴ
뿪ˣһεĴᣬܶϸҪúȶ
ʱ䣬йأҪⶨһ
ʱ򣬽ֹɱŵľӢʧ֪᲻ֹӼ
Ҷ㣬ҹ
һ뿪ʼھ߹ˣֱҶճ죬ǱҶߣʼŭ
֪ҶҲμ˰ٹԴᣬʼһοǵǿʮʵȫﵽ˰벽ɾ
Ҷ֣Ҫȥ
סҶҪ嶯ԷȻǹǰµģżλ뿪ԸҶ㡣
ҿͷ𣿡
Ҷÿ֣֪Ǻ⣬ʱҪͷڹ꣬϶š
ͻȻһȣŵӷ׷׾ۼҪʲôˡ
Ҷ㣬ڷӮ˻ʼڣ
ܶ˲ʶҶ㣬Ÿʼڵķȣ˿˵ˣҶճŤתǬš
ûСӣʱҲڳǿ̻ŷĴڡ
в˵ʱҲϵֳۿǳʢᣬҶָ֮ϳ
츳ںʲôã츳ãⲻ˱ɱˡ
ЦһΪҶ㲻츳һѣҪƴ϶һ
Թܽľ飬츳ãȻɫ
ҪǷ츳ǳĸߣɾͲ̫ߣˣɽһֱչ˷˫ޣﵽͬĸ߶ȡ
Һ£
Ҷ˳˷׷׸ʱǸ˶Թǣš
ճɱǻʼڵĵӡ
һɱΪ֮УһĵܵܣȻҶɱˣѹͳҶ㷢ѡ
ʲô֤˵Ҷճɱǻʼڵˡ
վ˳Ҷ˵ԼŵˣҶϣֱд
Ҷ㣬㲻ɱ˶ҳϰɣƲ㡣
ûṨ£ĶסҶ㣬˿̵ŵ棬ҶѣԺкˡ
˵ûɱģ
ҶͻȻ˵Ϣ·˵һƽ顣


1598 
Ҷ˳Ѿ֮пɱ
ܺãڳˣ֪ɱ˵Уһҵܵܣڡ
ɱһ޼ɵͷų벽ɾѾһֻ̤ɼӵи˵ı¡
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬һһ㣬뿴ʲô顣
֮Ҳ˹ͷǰٻӣҲһֻ̤ɾò˶ãͻɾ
ߵӵزӣең컹ֵܶˣĸڻӺ档
ҵˣǼˣţֺõϣܵõӵ
ϧӽĿҶϣߵ꿡һֱڷܡ
ҶҲû뵽Լɱ֮Уһĵܵܣ𲻼򵥣츳ܺãһ;ҲǳѾҪ̤ɾ
ֵܶ˻һ֮ѣҹɡ
Ҷ˫ֱأ˿ûн벽ɾΣԼ᪶ɱˣο
ɱ㣡
һҶ߹׼˵棬նɱҶ㡣
𣬽ǰٹԴῪӣκ˽ֹ򶷣ҪΥ𡣡
·һȣֹ֣Ȼ֪Ҷʵǿ󣬻ǲϣҶȥðա
ԷȻսҶ㣬϶вٵƣǿɲ뻹δʦžʧһԱ󽫡
Ҫ㲻ҴֻҪҿͷɱҵܵܵ飬ҿԼ̡
¶һ˿ЦҶ㵱ڹ£ǱɱҶ㻹񫡣
ðɣҳ㼤ŭˣô֣ǵȰٹԴ
Ҷ㻹һƵӣʲô鲨
͵˵棬ڻɱ㣬֪ɸҽҵս
ҶӦüһϲƺǴﵽĳĿġ
װΪβӦ
Ҷ̯̯֣·ڸˣԼԹˡ
ã֤ɱ㣬ְɣ
µʱ䣬ȳˣгҶ̶ֹ
ͻȻ֣Ҷ¶һЦ⣬ܲ²ϻ϶ʼڵסˡ
Ҷ²û˿һƬٵĿռ䵱У첱Ӵ֡
ŸʼڼʼҪıأڰ޷໥ɱ̫٣ȱ̼
ŵȻԸ⣬Ϊ̫Ѫȡ
ԶǲǺˣˣǿԲμӡ
ΤʥһЦ⣬ų̼Զ
һֵı飬ΣǶӦʵһЩ̼׼Ӹĳɳ
һͬʼڣͬǵķЩͬˣ󲿷ֶڻʼ֮£Զ۴С
̹һҶһΣʧԭأһ̿ˡ
ÿٶȣ
˷һҶٶ
Сӣ㣡
Ǹ֣Ȱ᪻Ҫ߳һȼƸࡣ
Ҷ֣ĳһαһο죬ϵӰӣܿǶڳһ޴Ŀյء
Ҷٳûжֻ֣һζĶܣٶҲʩչ˼£γ֣κβҶ㡣
˱ҶһѤرŮһЩ֮ŵŮӶ
ʥŮСժɴ𣿡
֮һŮվڰٻߣʵ
£
ٻӰһۣû˵ȥ
Сӻ֣Ҽǵ֮ǰƷɰɣż£ʵȻﵽ˳̶ȡ
ŮϴŲ˼֮ɫǣҲ̶̼ܶ£硣
ٻӺγǺ棬ֻʳڰˡ
Ҷ㣬ʲô£͸Һúôһɱҵܵܵʱôܡ
Щŭǹ浶ĸһﻹʹһЩƫƫҶǻһκεĻᡣ
б׷˵
Ҷ˿⣬ڲϵζܳҶ㻹޶ԡ
ΪڵȣͻȻԼѣ޹ʷʸ϶ı棬Ҷ㻹ûҪС¡
ʼڲ֪ܲһ˸ɱԼȻƣ϶бɱԼİգҶĵġ
ȻһֱζҶʶһֱעܣȻһЩߣܣòٻʼڵĵӣҶ㿴Ĳ
Ȼ壡
Ҷ￩һ£Էȫ׼˳ǽֵʱɷըԼ
ǵȵҶ㷴ӦʱѾˣĽͻȻһ䣬ǧ󣬽Ҷԭء
֣
Ȼ֮䣬ʮ˴Ⱥֱ֮ӳ˹һҶ֣һööɷ˳ȥ׼ɷըҶ㡣
˭뵽ʼΪնɱҶ㣬ѾǲֶΣַʮһ֣ɷըҶ㣬ֱǶ֮
ȵ߷ӦʱѾˣ˭ֻðգ棬ȳҶ㣬Ǳըʣˡ
ٻͻȻһСסͣȻţҶҪڻʼڵˡ
ڳûǾƷɣ˭ܾҶ㣬ˣҲ졣
ʮöɷһҶ㣬ҼǳĸߣΪնɱҶ㣬ʼ˱ǮΪľǱ
Ƿƴ˱ʼ̲ţҲ
Ҷ㣬ʼǺ֮ǣ޲ܳ⣬Ѫ
˶ˣʼڱҶ֣ԭô£Ҷ㣬ͻȻʮһ
ֻĿһööɷҶߣӰٻӵ
ʮöɷȻɾҲɣû˻ɣҶ϶ᱻըʬ޴棬궼ʣ¡
ݣ
ʼ̫ˣֶκҶκεĻᣬۣҶ㷢ˣҲˡ
սԼʱҶͷֶԷıֻû뵽ıֲֶεķ
һһȣ赲ɷ½ٶȣҶѾûܵĿˡ
ٶٿ죬Ҳ޼£Զʧ
˷ЦرǻʼڵˣʼڵЩţ޼ɵĴЦʮֿĿҶҪˡ
һЦվҶ㲻Զ·𿴵Ҷ㻯Ϊɻҵģ
һҶϾȻûһ˿֮ɫʮֵȻûǰֿ־塣
Щ˵һһǳЦǼҶһһԺ֮С
ٻӵᣬʹ࣬µ˵ķ߿һЩ˵ЦҶһûзŹ
һ̾¶˭˭óΪѣҶ˿Ҳޱȵ
㻹ٲ֣Ҫˣ
Ҷ¶һаЦЦˣЦʮаȣЦ˲ԣȫ֪ʲô顣
ʱҶ㻹ЦǲǷˣ˴˿̵뷨
Ҷ㻰һ䣬һڵӰˣף·һֱǱܣͻȻð˳
һǿĹֳ֣ʮöɷֱӾˣӰҲʧһоһһ㡣


1599 ı
ʮöɷʧһþ˵ղһΣһʵΡ
ⲻܣɷȥˣ
𾪵ĵȻǻʼڣɵˣ˷ʮöƷɷĿľҪըҶ㣬ȻΪһӰ֣ɷźӰһʧˡ
ǲʧˣ
ҶŹЦݣͻȻǰŶԷδҶˡ
и

һʩչ𻹴𾪽׶ΣΪҶɣɢ˱񾭣ӦҪԪʱѾ̫ˡ
꣡
ķѣ⣬ڿвϵ䣬ЩղЦ˽űߣ˷һļС
һĶҲң
ɱ֮Ҷûм֣ѾʼɽˣϣһЩ
вʶȤˣҶ㲻նɱƷɣɱ٣һƷɾ
ǿ̫ǿˣ
˱Ҷֶ𾪣þƷɣһغϾͱҶɱһʬ޴棬ĻʼǱŭĿӡ
ֻˣŵվһ𣬲ٸʼڻᣬȻǼƣҲ׼Ҷڳ֡
ղŻЦˣ׷ױտڲҶֶ̫£Ҫǵˣ϶֮ء
һ֣ҶǿҲֲһ֡
ҶûٻӾȻΪЦٻЦˣЩڶ¶մ֮ɫӵò
ܿ첻֪ΪηЦԭһֱעҶ㣬ֵܣܿͶ񶾵׷ӲһˣǺüˡ
ر죬û뵽Ҷɳ֮죬ʱμӰٻʱһֶֻҶ㡣
ҶȻﵽ˰Ʒɣƾҩ֮ڣͻƵƷ硣
еĿ⣬ĿҶ㣬˼ҶʵҲ˼ҶĲŻ˼Ҷٻ֮Ĺϵ
ܳһ֣˶Ը⿴Ҷ˵ļģκ˶ס
һ־ˣˣûͬ飬ɽ磬һغͻȻ֣ľҶ㡣
Ҳضɱ㣬г𲻸ҹ
ܿع飬ܶ˾ۼһ𣬶֪ʲô飬Ψʼڵ֮׷״Цƺʲôĵһ
￩һʶ˲ѹָղŻʼڵ˹ʱ䣬ʲô˵飬±Ƿ֡
һʱ䣬Զ˻صӪҶڣرҶ㣬Զһ۾ɨ壬û£һĲŷ
ҶΰٹԴʸھˣǧҲѾݱŵľ֧ˡ
ʲôˣΪһ¶ŭ֮ɫ
Ϸŭ֮ɫδɢȥʼڵĹϵǴڼŵ״̬
ܿ˽ղŵٵ˵һ飬ԶɫʱһŨɱ˲ɢȥ
ΤʥôĵӣȻǲڣʹ˱ӵֶΣҪŵأǲǸøһ˵
ԶһŭˣƷɢϢʼǱ߹ȥ
ԶһҪˣɱһʼڵӣܾôˡ
Τʥԭʮָ˵߳ȴֻʼһüֻһˣһʲ֪
ǵļıûɱҶ㣬ʧ𣬱һ˾Ҷ㡣
ϢΤʥĶҪѪԶѣҲΤʥŭ˫ǶĹһ˲ͳ嵽һ׼֡
Ҷ԰꣬ٹԴἴʼѵǲμˡ
ɻϼɵ˷׷վֹս϶ὫһգǰٹԴҲüˡ
ЩνڸϼɲͬǳŹھģȻϣʹ˽
λȰ˵֮£ϵϢһԽ֤˫Ѿˮݵĵز綼һս
Զ֪˿̲ǳܵʱЩҪı䣬һʱ䣬Ͻһ£ý޷壬Ĵֲ
ƻб䣬ǽ޷ҪСģ໥ӶԷԴǴҶҴʮ־﷭
Ȼģ٣УҲ͵͵ǽ겻ͬԹ
Ҳ˵϶˻ڰ޷壬֮ء
ܿ죬¶ԥ֮ɫرЩʵϲǺǿӣȥ֮󣬹Ҳڻңװ׵ıɱ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
Щ¶֮ɫĵӣҶҡҡͷһ˵츳ҪᶨûһʵǸ߷ģʧȥֱǰıͷһľ룬϶ԭ̤ˡ
Զγûпڼƻˣı϶ܣֻܱȥܣȻģҲ˵ģĳһˣˡ
Ȼϳԥ֮ɫû˳Ȼѡ˽޷壬ֻҪС˳ͻӦû̫⡣
ˣȥ֮ǾһɹĻҲӣʱ䲻ˣ׼޷壬ʱʮ죬Ǻúðա
ԶҲü˵ȥǵĻԣһڽ޷塣
ʮʱ䣬ɱǶټͷƽÿʮͷѾֲܿˡ
һʮʱƽÿʱҪɱһͷʱ޿̶սŲ
ǧʱ޷壬һ룬ʮͲܳˣֻгڴ򿪣ܴ߳
ʮ죬û˿Ըǣһ磬ȥˣҲΪƷɾ磬ѹƵķǳһͨľƷ
֮Խа޷壬̫ˣ޷ûʱϢϢ˼ܿͻᱻɵ
кܶ˽ȥ󲿷ʱ䶼ڶޣѡЩ䵥޻ɱ
ԶİٻӣҶûдк˼ƺ˴δһİٻֱҧ
СԼΪ񶼲ϿѵԼûã
Ů˾֣ΧתͻȻ˶޸о϶Լһʧ
ƫƫҶûнӻ֮ǰҶ㲻κŮ֮£һսǽӻ
˭֪ˮòãã۸ҶһӶİ
ǿûҳԼ֮գҪ취ѷĸĸ˽ҶҪ̫ˣЩ鰮顣
Ҷȥɣһ
һεϿˣ½½Ľ޷塣
֮󣬺ܿʧ֪뵽ΪϵĹϵ
һʧߵĵҲŽȥ𽥼٣ֻʣ°վԭء
ڶʧſʼεĽ˳ٸżһνѻһСɽ


1600 Ѫ
һЩӶ֪ˣҪģһǱڻȡ
ѰÿΰٹԴᣬһС˳ɹͻɾҵҩ
ҲΪʲô֪Σգƴԭ
ûջ˭ȥðգΨͻɾɽеλһˡ
ٺãﲻɣȻɽ׵Ĵڣκӡ
ѹׯҶ㣬ֻеɾʸõָ㣬ȻһжȻ
Ϸʹͣ˭Ҳ޷ܣҽ껹񵤣Ǽÿһ˵񾭡
޷壬ҶоʼΣǳˮһϵĳԼӿ
вޣ࣬ҶҪʱ̷
ʼڣңԼڻʼڵЩţ϶һ𣬵ʱԸԼ
ƷҶܶԸγɴΧҶҲǲѷɣҪͻƾƷٶľƷɣҶҲ¡
޷壬ʵľ֮أ
ڱ˵ҲΣأҶ㲻ͬ޵ľѪܲ׽ͷޣҵҩͻƾƷӦò
ӣҶ㿴һܣֲïܣգĻ⵽͵Ϯ
ֳ֮У˭Ҳұ֤ܲжԵĳӡ
Ҷ߲ٲͷһͷ¹ԼǰһϹޣǿǣȻʳޣ࣬һҲᷢ
Ʒʺգ
ϲֳ֮ˣһ󣬟¹Ҷץ˻ľѪһ˿Ļ֣֮Щ棬к֮һ˿֮
ö
лԪһ㣬ҲҶǵЦԽԽŨˡ
ϲ֣֮ɱ޾ѵĵ壡
Ҷϲ֮ԽԽÿͽץסֱӳɻֻһö
ҪùھͱҪõſԣƾԼûУһϣԽš
޷ޱȾ޴󣬴Ĳ󣬼һ磬ֻܳɳƷ磬ǿޣڽӽɼ
һɾκβˣΪǽ˼ǧ꣬Ҫɱǣǳѡ
ȻҶķУǲҶٶȣ֮ʩչ˼¡
һƽжȹҶûͬ飬󲿷ֶڸ޽֣Ҳһ
ҩ֮࣬Ҷ㻹û˵ǿޣػĳֱҶĴ󲿷ֶǰƷоƷޡ
˵ڶ죬Ѿ˿ʼۼһˣγˣ׼٣һԸ޵ļʴӡ
˶Ҷһ׵ޣܶҪķѺܳʱ䣬նɱһͷ
һܵõʮöʮöǶˣƽһɱͷ
ֻЩţпһɱʮͷʮͷ
̶̵һʱ䣬Ҷնɱʮͷޣһ˿ֲԪȫ֮С
ɱʮͷк֮ޣõ˲ǧҩҶɡ
ƷǸȥˣһƽ
Ҷ㲻뽫ԼĵھƷĴһֱѹԼľ磬ͻƣϵգڲ
ֻϵѹϵĳɾͲŻ
ͻƾƷҶ㲢żоʱ䣬ҶɾƷͻơ
۵һ̶ȣͻ֮һǾ춯ء
꣡
һƷޱҶѹʵҪǿһ࣬رҶڼʩչԪͿ׵ѹһƷޡ
ףʲô
Ҷɱ֮󣬿ʼɨս޾ȻػĳһһöĹӣɢĺɫ·մȾ綾һ㡣
Ѫ
Ҷһ۾ϳ⾹ȻǺѪԴ˵ѪҺѪҺ֮е
ڷ绹ɽ磬ҶᴿĶ֮еʣѪҺ֮еȻõ֮ĴУѾʮָɾвС
öѪԽѪҺᴿһ飬ͻƾƷո
ǺöȻǿǶԼڶԣҪɷݵҩҪ󡣡
ﾡʵľʺ㣬õ챦ҲһĴڡ
һͨҩ֢ܶҩ챦
ҶѪҺ֮еһֱųⲻȥһѪҺɹҶ²⣬ƿԶݵĻˡ
㲻ܻҲԵ֮еһЩһ¥
СĽѪժ£ûżãҵȫشʱڽ֮ȥᴿѪ
һУҶת뿪ⲻ֪Ҷ뿪ãӰӣƺղҲڸ
ô
һŮ໥һۣɫӳʵ
Ҷ㾹Ȼʱ˲һкܶ಻ɸ˵ܣرպüشܵõһ֮Ƿ϶һϯ֮ء
һ¶֮ɫҶ㣬ϵı
û֮һˡ
⼸һ𸽺ͣ뵽Ҷոش˶ˣֻҪɱҶ㣬Щǵˡ
ãȻҵһ£ھ׷ȥⱻ˽ȵǡ
ҪɱҶ˲ǧ֮УǧҪɱҶ㣬ϵıһ𣬾ûǼʲôˡ
ҶȻǿʮˣһΧ϶֮ء
˻Ϊһǣ˲׷ȥҶ߳׾룬ס壬Ѿǡ
Ȼģ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫѾǸսʱˣ˼ʮԪʵķǳɲ
ÿ֣նɱһһõʱ֡
ЩҶ뵽ˣһΧĿǰʵ
رϼɡڵļţҪһԼɡ
Ҫץʱˡ
ԭҶȵһ죬ͻƾƷƻҪǰˣﵽƷ㼸ʮΧҶҲ£һһնɱ
֮ͬУҶ㼸޵еĴڣκˡ
ಡ
ӰӺܿ쿿Ҷû뿪׷¶ɻ֮ɫѵҶͷˡ
ǹҺʲô
Ҷһȣ˲һţһǻʼڵˣ˶ڻʼĶš
Ҷ㣬ڣǲңɱ㣬ܶϵ츳
Ҷķ츳ʼӿǻܾˣڿԵõ
ɱң
Ҷ¶֮ɫһʵԷͬһ㣬ڵԼѾǸսʱˡ
ΪоħĹϵҶľʱ޿̶Ǹ벻̶һʱ䣬Ҷʵͷ˷ı仯
ϻ˵ɣ
ҹζ࣬˺ԥѡһֵ֣⣬ǵصĳҶϯ
֮ϣͻȻһѷ죬ǽҪ˺Ҷ塣


1601 ç
˵ϢҶ¶һаЦʵɱԼֱǿЦ
˲ͨľƷЩ۷Ʒ̫࣬ҲǼ⣬˵Ҷ츳̼ˣðһѡ
ԸˣҶĴرǵʵһع飬Ҷϲֲٿĸо

飬Ҷʩչ˴ʱ䣬ܵ׵磬˵ĽŲ
Ҳǧǰʮ֮һܲõһܾһײֱɳȥ
ʵŮӣѣ¶׵ļϧҶûκθо¶֮ɫ
ϲ֣֮
ҶƲˣϾɱԼֱǿЦ֮ǶʮϣҶҪСĶԴ
һֻεĴ֣ŮץŵŮһС
ֻһغϣͱҶ׵ƵңҪҶڶʽٴγ֡

һɫˣԭأ޷
Ҷ㣬Ǵˣ㲻ҪɱôֻһʱϣŴ⡣
ץסŮ֮ɫϲֱ֮ץҶǰظ¶棬һԴã
ҶݺݵĵһۣѾˣûнŮɫ˵Ҷ㲻룬ǿ϶ѣһа취Ͻȳˡ
ֺݺݵڴһѣŮһУһֵĿҶ㣬ܿ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬ֻҪϷңԺҾˡ
Ů˼άת̫ˣΪҶ㿴壬ղҶ㲻ΪһԭʼĶˡ

Ҷϲ֮һͶŮݺݵˤڵϣ߻أҶΪηôĻ
ҲǲԣҪӦһ
ҶͻȻɱǹȻҶڳлţǼԼߣ̽Ϣ
ʲô
˿ϣȼһ˿ϣ֮ɫֻҪʲôԡ
ſǵʶҪһ뿪֮й¶ҵ١
Ҷ׼֮ȻǼҶڵ꣬ⲻٶƲס
ưƷҶʮ˶û⣬ϧƷڶ࣬ҲһƷ
˵ȻԸ⣬һ¶ŭ֮ɫҪ˽ԺֻūһܵҶʹ
Ӧֻɱˡ
Ҷɱ¾֮һ˵ĲϣŵһҽС
˾Զ᲻ĸоֻо񿿽֪ǶôĿ£һ߻ᣬҲҪ
Ը⣡
ڲϵ꣬һǷ֮ɫһȳζΪҶĳѾ͸档
ֻҪһͣɣԴҪּҡ
Ǽأ
ҶɨˣҲǴͷɥû뵽͵ʴףԼȥˣԺ󻹳ΪūһĴڡ
ǴӦ
ҧгݣȻĲʣô˼ҵֻҪһ
˴ӦҶ¶Цݡ
һ˸ǻ꺣һֱ̣̱ԭأֱӻ˹ȥ
һյʱ䣬˲˹о˺ܶණҲˣһ֮ɫ
ˣ
վӣһҶʩʮֹﻹиղŵģ
ܺãöͨѶ뿪֮󣬸Ҵ̽Ϣһз紵ݶ֪ͨҡ
ҶóöʵͨѶܴԶһͨѶ֮󣬸ʹòˡ
Ҳǽ֮Ȼ˽ʹͨѶܿһҶ·ƽ
뿪ҶǵЦԽԽŨߣҶͿԷĴ󵨵ɱޡ
ΧԼյϢ϶һʱ֪ͨҡ
һΣҶʧԭأ̤ɱ޵ĽŲʱҲһȥڼҶ˲䵥ŵӡ
ΪܶûмҶ㣬һǰƷʹ٣׷ױҶ㣬Ӷһٶö
ŵʱ䣬Ҷʹﵽ˶ٶöǳĿֲˣɱȥʮܻ֮߰˰ö
ٹԴûгˣ½Ҫд
ͨѶͻȻһϢ˳ǱҶߵˡ
Ϣµ귢ģаǻʼڵӣΧҶ㣬Ҳͷ
ˣʼ֣ܲһƻҪǶԸ㣬ҪСġ
ͨѶһܿʧưʼһ
յϢҶüͷ΢΢һ壬ʼҪڰ޷ɱԼ
ҪǰͻƾƷˣ
Ҷ¶һ˿âȻһƻһʧڵѷõİ취ͻƵƷ
ڻܵĻǲȻͻƣҶҲͨľƷⲻҶҪĽʵ˶١
ƴˣ
ҶͻȻ۷ղƵ˰죬ʵҶоһɿɲϢڲԶﵽ۷Ʒһ뿪Ƭ磬˲ͻƵɼ
ôӴޣһػʲôҩҪͻƾƷΨһİ취Ǿҩ
ҼƷޣҶ˲ƾ硣
Ҳ֮٣ǻʼǱвҶҲȥðգɱɲľƷޡ
䣬Ҷ㿴һСɽȣ羰ʲôΣգֱҶ㣬ݷһͷǳǿޡ
ʶɨһɽ·һѨӴޣӦþͲޣѰʳޣڲ򾳽硣
С̤ɽ֮УƺûԸ꼸̤д򶷵ĺۼ඼޳Եˡ
ѹڽʱԶЩطҪ׵̤㣬һΣգˣɽӦþĵط
ߵѨǰʮ״ʱҶ㶨ס壬ʶһȥܿ챻ĳֶɵһɶ
ÿɲļһˡ
ҶһѨޣƺҶ㣬ղֱɵҶʶ
ҹҪң
һ߳ˣ޾ȻԼ˵ˣѾӵһЩɷ򣬿׼ҪƬ磬뿪
ֻнɼ޲ܻΪΣ˵ȻСɽ磬һֱܱ˵ģ
ССһֻ棬ȻԲѵҹϽɣ
ҶʶѾ֪ɲʲôȻǺĳç֮Уӵһ˿ѹܲɼҪ뿪
çϹʱڣѪʮִ񣬲к֮֮
䣡
ɽȿʼζǾ͵һҶҡΡ
Ѩܣʯһ䣬ɽϷıϳӡ
ܿ죬һɺɫԴˣˮ״СҶҲһ
Ȼ²⵽ǳçֻû뵽;Ȼ֮󣬺ܿ岿λˣֱһ׶ǳĿֲ
üһѹⷽԲʮ޵ӰӶԭΪݷôһһ
Ҷ¶ŨŨ֮ɫϱ飬ޱء


1602 ̫ĵ
çȫֵһ̣ɽȣҶվɽλãçӸ£Ȼ¶һ˿֮ɫ
࣬ԼЩ࣬ҳˣǵʮˡ
çҶը죬û뵽Щڳçôˡ
ɽȫ̾ҶѾû·ֻмһĶֵأʮƽС
ɲϢǺˮһҶݺݵѹ¡
ʰΪҽƷĵʯ
ɱ¾֮ˣκεĴ⣬ʹ֣֮֮ϵطޣ϶ᱻçסʱ֪ôġ
Ҷʹ֮ç¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҷ㲻ܷУֻҪçһܽҶСɽȣƫƫҶض𣬳çԴ˹ȥ
ѹôˣçһûжܵĿܣһçβҶݺɨ˹ȥ
ɱ
ɱ¾֮һɨ춼ǽ⣬ݺݵնڳçӲϡ

һĽçʹϾǼƷ죬ԱĴڡ
çƬڼƷѽ֮˺ѣǴ̼˳çΪҶȻ˺Ҳóçʹ
һΪçβٴɨһβӣſڣҶݺݵҧ£ޱȡ
Ʊص˿ӰçٶȣҶΣˣǰлҶ뱻ľء
ǰгçľ޿ڣоβɨռ䶼ˣǵǿˣǺˮһҶݺݵӿ
˱ˣ
ɣҶ˰˱ʱ䣬һ޴ɽֱӳçԴѹȥ
Ҫҧľ޿ڣѹ˻ȥ˼Ʒɱ¾֮֮ϡ

ֱһһ״ֱ˳çβϣһĺ
䣡
çβͷһҽУβϳһڴĶڣ׻׵֮ǻ֮Դ˲һȱڡ
ȱڣͺðˣҶ㽫ٶʩչ˼£ĳç۴С
̫ƻˣ潻棬ǲϵζǿĵ⣬Щ׵ĿƳç
и
ʹ֮һɨҶɵ˿Уç͹ԼˣֻҪɼ𣬳çͲܻΣȻܻΣͲܷС
һʼҶռ˲ܵƣȻҶҲǰðգɲԼЦ
֮ϣְ岻ϵçѾ˺ۣѪ
СɽȣϸһѪдۼ׵
С࣬бҴһ
çŭˣǱҶֻҪҶһֱͣڿУçκβ
Цһѣڽһƣ
ҶŲϵҪ䵽ϣǱçĳԵмơ
дӡֱ֣רЩ˿ڹԭֻڴСܿСѪעһ׶ߡ
Ҷ㲻ϵçһȻѨȥôЩ꣬ƵˣȻҶĹ
Ҷ㲻ɾͿԷУռƣڲ֮ء
çҪӻص磬ҶһѨ֮Уһ붴ѨҶƵȻ޴棬¡
ҷŴ󣡡
Ҷ㶯ŭͻȻһ䣬û⣬һշ֮ϣ
ǿ⾳Ŀס˳çӵѪѣȣֱ֮
ܵϢçϳһ˿֮ɫ£ǾϢ
ܿ죬ŵɪɪȻܶһͷӰˣʼͬçꡣ
ҪɱңҪɱң࣬ԺūŹҰɡ
çʼģϣҶһûϢç϶Ҷ㡣
ˣ
ҶĿģնɱȡçѪľͻƾƷɡ
ѹ֮ԽԽ󣬳ç޷ԽԽǿϵӿɽȣ׵û
ʮ֮⣬һΪڶɽ٣׷ײҿ
ڶɽǲͻƵɾˡ
ͻƵɾҪ׽٣Ҳһԭһأû˸̤ˣԶԶ뿪
ɱ¾
ç岻ܶɱ¾ˣʮֱָӲç档
ɲԪǺˮһֱӿ뵽Ҷ֮УԭͿҪͻƾ磬õ˳çľѪԽԽɶ
çĲҽУľһʧҶ档
ر֮еѾӽɼڶȫҶ㡣
ԽԽľ֣ӽɾɣﲻҶԪȡ
һ򣬸Ǵƽ׶ΣҶȻûѾ˾Ʒ۷塣
𡭡
Ҷ㷢һУһ㣬£ðһƬƬƬۼף֮ѵס
ಣ
ûκԥҶһɨçս˾ħ֮У붴Ѩ档
ϾҪͻˣҶҪһȫطɽȾõĵص㡣
Ϊǽأṳ̂㣬ʺҶ㰲ͻơ
ħʼգçһ㱻뵽Ҷ֮С
ս붴ѨҶŵһŨӶѨ
ѵçػʲôﲻɣ
ҶԭçľѪͻƾ磬뵽ⶴѨ棬ȻĴڡ
վӣѨȥСֹͣ˼ͻƣǿнͻƵĸоѹȥȫɵ̣
ԽԽڣҶֻۣ߲֮Ų裬ۣͨһֱ쵽°ҡ
Ҷڿһⶴ죬澹ȻйߣǴӵ洫ģһӫʯɢ΢Ĺâ
һ޴ĶѨҶǰçӦþǴﴫȥġ
һɨܿм򣬿һöһ׶ߵСһöɫĹӣΣ·һöƽ
̫ĵ
ȷ֮ĽףҶ㣬һۿɫĹʵ֮󣬷󾪺
ҶŰһۣǰʱ䣬ۿ˺ܶ鼮он̫ĵֶ
һֺ֮꿪ǧ졣
̫ĵĳɷ֣ӦϾҪˣҲ˵ȹʱ⣬ϾҪçգԽ̫ĵͻ̤ɾ뿪ط
úúã̫ĵѪγͻƾƷ硣
ҶҲ˷ܵҪܵĵԽ࣬ͻɾҲԽӼ򵥡
óȻͻƣԺ϶ƿֻвϵĻۣһδεʵǡ
˴ˣ
ĽҲһ̫꣬ĵʮټԴ򵽣ɾ̷ȥпһȼ
ǰеǰݲҶԥˣ̷˵۵Խ࣬ɾҲԽߣۡ


1603 ͻƾƷ
ŽɫĹʵҶûóȻ̷컹һʱ䣬Ҷʱ䣬Ѫ
ɺɫĹӱҶһ̷ȥ׼ѪҺ˳çľҶԳ׾֮ˡ
һɹҶֱ֣ɢ֫ٺ뵽֮С
ѪҺͨתֻиıĻ򣬲ܸѪҺ֮Ѫ
ܿ죬ҶоԼĽ֮Уöӳ֣һ𻮿ĽָоҶͷϵĺˮ˲亹졣
ʹ
Ҷһû뵽ѪҺȻ˵ʹʹҪȥ
Ҫʹٱǧ򱶣ѷεʹ࣬ץҲڹֻܳܡ
ʼ촽ϣҶ㿪ʼҵĶŲȥᱻʹ
СӣҪס
ĽҶ㻤¶һ˿֮ɫ
һѣγ֣ҶҪԹȥһȥһӶѹˡ
֣֣
ԼĸĸˣѣеȴԼȥǵĺ֪Ҷҧأ촽ҧˡ
֮Ϊ֣⡣
ᴿѪ꣡
Ǿ磬ϵĲشһһӡ
ǵ⣬شãҲͺñȸһѾȴһ
Ҷ׳
Ѿﵽ˾Ʒ۷壬Ҷ㻹Ҫϵ׳ѪҺֻҪɹͿת֮Ѫ
֮УһЩѪҺʼɫչ֮Ѫγɵס

ҶͻȻʹĲҽѪתһʹḶ́൱ڰԼѪıʡ
ŤɸһϵĶŴŵĺˮʪ͸Ҷ½
һذˣͼ࣬תʱȻʹ࣬ҲܳܵסҶ㿪ʼ񣬼ӿٶȡ
ղһյʱ䣬Ҷ˵ڹŹ˺ü飬һͱʹ
ɫѪҺԽԽ࣬Ҷ塣֮γɣƬۣɢ
ʱһһйȥһʱ֮Ҷɫ𽥻ָѪҺѾת˾ųɣʣµĿ
˫ۣҶоˬָоԶ޷ȥ
ûҶȴ˷츲صı仯·˦һصİ
ǰսʱȻʮ飬ֻҶԼ֪廹а棬ĳЩطЩ
˿̣Щʧˣ·һˮﵽҶϴһ裬ʮ
ʹ죡
Ҷһֱۣı˺ֹһ࣬ǿȣƿһƷɾˡ
Сӣû˰ɣղˡ
ĽװģҶһأرǸղʹģĽĵҶͦȥ
ûˣ
ҶϻָȻ̫ĵ˹ȥѾӽ죬͸
̫ĵ̷ˣͻƵƷпһͻƵɾпܡ
ĽҶϽգҪͻƵɾǺɨˡ
ѣҵ۵̫ˣԭɳçľͿͻƣȴѹȥΪ˵̡
Ҷ֪ѹԽ࣬ļҲߣǱþԽʮֲ
̻ܵԽԽ࣬ƣҲƣԴԽԽ࣬һԴϣͻᵼ¾ͣͲǰ
ڼҶӵоԴٱҶҲΪԺǣֻһһˡ
ߵ̫ĵǰĽ֮ժ£ֻмСһ̣޾Ҷϯ
Ҵ⣬һڽ̫ĵ̷й¶Ͳˡ
̫ĵûҶǻ֮У֮ըΪҺʼϴˢҶ
˵ղҶѪԼϴһ裬൱ڴ˷ûнɾһЩ۹档
ڣһϴˢ֮Щд۹ʧһɶҲ˵ҶͻƵɾûʲôƿˣֻҪԴҪ򾳽硣
ɣñĸЩ
Ҷ㳨ػղѪʹ̷̫ĵȴ
߽Ȼͬĸо죬¡
屻ϴˢһɶʣµʼҶԪԭγɵľ壬ʼǱһ㡣
翪ʼɶǿֻʮ֮һˮһ˲߽ƷɣֱӳƷ
Ʒһ³˼ı仯Ҷ·˱ˣҲ˾仯ǲ׺ģݱֳ
Ԫأ治ϢγһС磬ɾеɣҶ㾹Ȼˡ
꺣֮ҲһŻޱǰʣĳҶǰ
о޴ĽɫƯҶ꺣Ͽգҫأһյָ·ƣʱָҶ·
ٻ꺣һʣһҶ㳹׿ˣħԼġ
ƴﵽɾżܳѣҶ㣬굽׷ʲô顣
绹ڲϵѾ˾Ʒ۷壬ʼɾ
һ󾳽תһһϦ飬ҶųüΣ޹ԼܵĻǲͻƵƷ۷壬Ǽޡ
ҶѾܿˣԭͻƵƷͿԣû뵽ͻƵ˾Ʒ۷壬ԼԤƵĸ߳ܶࡣ
һǽ̫ĵ챦ûκθá
ʣԺ϶õʼçϵķ
ͻˣͻˣѪҺˣΨûçãһӽɾĴڣ֪Ʒǿ˶ٱ
һǿ׳ķ򣬱Ҷӡս֮УԼĶ
ѪҺԪЩǱͳͳҶѹι䵽֮С
Ԫ֮󣬾˱仯͸·һ麣ֹ࣬ա
޴ĳçԽԽСֻܿʣһƤңľʧһɶ
СȥˣҶ˫ۣһɳ캮âϢ˲䴫ݳȥʮ֮ޣܵˡ
ֻһ˲䣬Ϣջ棬Ҷֱͨģʲô
ֻиֲܷҶϼ޵ϢϢʮֲֿ·һѡ
Сӣоôˣ
ҶϢͻƵģĽһɻ֮ɫѵҶûͻƾ硣
оܺã
Ҷ˵ͷз豹棬Ϣ棬˸һͷţԾ춯ء
վӣҶ㳯Ѩȥÿһʮ֮⣬ܲϢ·ҶƾʧͻȻʮð
Ѿ֮˼£ҶӯĲɾ׷Ҷٶˡ
ʱ䣬Ҷɽ֮Уһ磬˲ʧԭء
뿪֮ǰҶ¶һЦݡ
ʼڣˣ


1604 ҲɱʣȴҶ
ʱһȥҶûдʼڵˣǵȷһı
óʱ䣬úõɱޣܸлõھ񵤡
ת۾͵˵ڰ죬Ҷ˺üŵӣʼټһ𣬴Ҷоˣܶƾʧַĸо
ʱ䣬Ҷնɱٶͷޣֲ̫ˣƾһƣ׵ɱƷޡ
Ǽ׼ȥڣԽԽ٣Ѿɱ˶ˣҪ
Ҷ㳯ŵĵ˵ȳڸȥʼڷͻǼﲻæһ׸
Ҷʦܣһߣһʼڵˣһ˶һչˡ
˲ͬ⣬ԸҶ㹲
ǵĺˣǶԸʼڲô򵥣Ǹߣֻ׸
ҶûԼľ磬ͷžƷ֮󣬼ɫ䡣
úúãҶʦǾƷȫûˣҪ㣬ڻϼɶ˵õ˱ͻƵɾ˵ʼҲڳɾҪСġ
֪ҶͻƵƷ˶ˣȷʵھƷʱ򶼲Ҷ֣ڸҶ󣬵ȷһ׸
л
Ҷ˵꣬һΣʧԭأףվԭصͬǾƷΪβôô
ʱ䣬󲿷ֵط̤ˣþۼһĻۼĲˣҶѡٵĵط
ˣʼ׼¶֣Ѿס˰ٻӣ㡣
Ϣٴδ˹Ѿʼڻһ֪ܶϢû뵽ʼ˱ɣ˰ٻӡ
ںܶ˷׷׳¸ȥҪʼڵֶΡ
֮ʮŭû뵽ʼ˴󵨣ǵʥŮ
ϧĻʼѾ;ĩ·ֻҪնɱҶ㣬ﻨ֮ΣԻʼڵĵλѾںЩš
ΪնɱҶ㣬ʼ伫ֱɵֶζ˳
һʮʮ٣ǰµԽԽ࣬ڣϼɣңңǼȵȣһǰ
õϢҶͻȻԭأ֮У캮⡣
ʼڣΪ鸶۵ģ
Ҷ֪ʼڲɱٻӣֻԼϵ
ȻˣǾͺú棡
ҶֹͣɱޣҵһƧ֮أö֮УԼģжĿռ䡣
һ·֮ϣҶ㲻ɱ˴ޣҲɱ˺ܶҪӶԼˣѹκܶԴ
һ˳Ҷóǧ֣ǿ̻Ĳϡ
˻ʱʳ֣ȻҪս϶Ǿ춯أҪûʼȡѵԼ³
һööֵķˣƾƷʵ滹ɷζ
ڰҹ٣ųɵ˶ۼ£һһ㣬ڵҶĵ
ӣίˣֻҪɱҶ㣬Ȼ㡣
˼Դһ֮ɫϴڷϣûһɱҶ㣬һΣҲҪɱҶ㡣
ǺñɣҸȴֱɵֶΣǻ֮ŲŹǵġ
ٻʮŭɫɴʧ¶գԶЩѿĳˡ
վڻߵİҲһʧǰڻ֮ŵӣͽӾ͵
ʦ֣֮ŵˣ
˹˼Դ˵
֪ʥŮ˰ܣ֮ŴˣǰַҪʥŮ
İɣֻǽʥŮ˺ģһЩˣƻ֮ţ£ɱֻۣҪɱҶ㣬ϧһдۡ
ֻҪɱҶ㣬ȻȫµҲϧ
ڻʼڵ˵һͬҲ˷ԣҲ˱ϾҶ̫ˣ϶ܶ˵Ĳ
аʦ֣һһǰҪ
¶Ϊ֮ɫҸһֱҪٻȢţĻᣬȻ
Ҳˣ
˼Դ¶Ϊ֮ɫĻ֮ţʼڵȻ£ʼڵλ൱˲á
Ǹô죬ǴҪ
ʮΪѣܲΪɱһҶ㣬ȫµ˰ɣʼھˡ
ȥǹҺΤϵдһ
˼Դ¶Цݣڽ֮ǰϵˣһҿ϶ûʼٻӡ
𺣺ܿȥˣǴҸҵȥˡ
ǹ
˼ԴԶ֣˹
ʦ֣
ʮֹ˵
ſʲô
˼ԴҶŵ˼һʵʩƻͲôˡ
ŵĵǵĴ֮£Ѿ׽ʮˣɱˣʣµˡ
ʵ棬ΨһűˣֻҪƽҸңʣµͼ򵥶ˡ
ܺãʣ¶ʮˣȥ׷ɱɱۣҪŵȫû
˼ԴЦվһԵİٻӣ¶ŨŨĵ֮ɫ
ΪԼİȫǣΪǸ˵ǣûŵİԼôܶԸˡ
ҪóȻǰװ
ҶҲ벻ŽʮˣѾˣڻʼڸΧ֮¡
һٶöˣҶһƬ԰֮ɫ
ħ֮УˣҶ㴢̫ĵӿ뵽֮С
ղŻǲ԰׵׺ܿȫָϢǿ
뿪࣬Ҷصʵ֮У֮У¶ɱ⡣
ΪѾԼ֪źܶӣڻʼڵ
ȻЩԼûжϵֻͬŶѡΪԼȫˣҲ˵ΪҶ㣬Ŷ
ҲɱʣȴҶҶһҪȻЩ϶Ŀ
ھ쵽ˣʮ֮ԽԽ޷壬Ϣ
𺣺ܿҸҵˣ컹죬һ߿֮ɫȻҲһϣ̳һλã͵ǰٻӵòˡ
ЩֻаٻӲܸǵݡ
֣֣
˵˼ԴʮֿĴк
֣ǻʼôǲܣκҲ棬ٻӲУǲ̫ҷˡ
˵죬һ֮ɫ֪ٻӸҶһȡ
Ӱٻ֮Ҷʧ紫ԣٻദһҹΪˣ֤˺öΣȷ֮󣬶Ҷ㣬Ǻ޲ܳ⡣
ˣôҵңֻʱίһ»ӶѣһȻỹǣ˵ӦҲ뿴ǸɣȻôܵõ
˼Դ¶ЦϰҶ㣬ֻҪҶˣҲˡ
ôǶҶǶӢ۾ܲûӵĺøУĻᵱȻԸ
ǻʼѾסŶʮˣںһˣǻǸϽ˰ɡ
˵Ȼӵò˼ά
֣ˡʱܷŵһȫѡɱķʽǵļƻˡ
˼Դɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻжʮԼѱǼɱʱΧҶ㣬ͻãˡ


1605 Ǽ
ԭΪԷһżɱǻʼڻᣬΪǶ
ֻҪ˻ʼڵ϶ɣ֮ǰвΪвҶİѱ
У˭ԣΨУ
һҧҪȳٻӣҲһԸͣҶǺ֮ǣʱİٻᣬҪҶ֣ھһĪ
һ֮ɫ˼Դ˿Ϊ⣬ƺϵдһ
˹ٻȼһ˿ϣϣܾԼȥԵһʱ֪ͨҶ㣬ˡ
֣ѵҲҪǻʼڵķ𣿡
˼Դ¶ЦݣÿʼڶִķӦţǸһңǳں顣
˼Դʲôвң
ˣ˼ԴҪ÷вңһͨӰˣʲôʸ֮Ľס
ȱҵȷʲôҽǻʼڵ飬ԺзֹͣӦ
˼ԴҲ¶ԭһЦ
һα˵ңһֱû˵Ȼ¶ŭ֮ɫĶŰ˼Դ
ЦҵԴʲôʱֵ˼Դˡ
Ȼ¶Цų
˵ͷҸұȻϵܺãǰҲʮֲͣв
٣֪ǻҵľǿˡ
˼ԴȻԼĵλԸҲʼκξ
Ȼһ˽ӹһƤд֡
֮ɫʱ
ԭ֪ǻֹڽ֮ǰˡ
ˣڰٹԴῪʼʱ򣬻ʼڶϵһ㣬˸һҹͨˣϻʼڣԺķٸҺ
壬ţǣһȫ˽ǡ
ƤϣĿøĸ֣컹ȻɫԽԽѿ
ʱٻҲһпƺ˺ܶ飬һжıһıΪɱһˣȻôơ
λڿ뿪𣿲Ҫǻʼڰ£
˼ԴţҹӳԱˬ
˼ԴɵСˣ
̲סˣȻôһףڵΪܾȳٻӣͿԵõŮ
˭֪龹Ȼѹֻʼ޿֣ϵҪˡ
λˡĳˣǻԶԶվſְɣ
˼ԴЦߵʼӪѾﲼ޵ֻҪҶɡ
ҧгݣֻ뿪ϣ˻ʼߣҶһĴǳܲ
Ҷ㣬˼ԴǣҼһɱ
콫еŭйҶϡ
Ȼ춼һҪҶ㣬ô⵽˼Դֱܴ衣
ȥٻ֪û˿ԾԼˣҶʼɱǲŻ
˼Դ쵰б·ңʹĴսһ
»˶ץסˣʼˣΧʮˣǶ֣׷ױ׽ֱӱɱ
ν޷壬ˣ󲿷ֶŻж壬ǵʵ缸ţ޵ʱЩֱ޿С
һЩͬУ˲ɱӶԴ
ʱ仹ϢţھҪȥˣ¸߷ڣûҶӰӡ
ѵҶĺˣҹɣ
ֵôҶ㲻֪ܲǳȥؾ֮أҶҲҪ
𺣴ɻ˼Դʵ
ԸĲֻҪˣҾ޻أ
˼Դ˿ģҶ벻ɡ
ѵʦͻƵɾ
˼Դô˵¶һ˿Ц⡣
ûղŴϢʦ磬ڳţҶƹҲƲʦ֡
˼ԴЦԽԽŨܿҶĿ֡
ϴηȣҶûɱΤʥݺݵѵһ٣ڰ˼ԴûʱҶαܿԼһġ
ɫһڣҶվһϣµķ֮еɱ⣬ԽԽŨ
ɳɳɳ
ͻȻԶɳɳڳҶ㿿
ҶûжͷڿֻҪ֪Ǵʲô⡣
ܿ죬һСվҶ£һϢʮޣƺ֪Ҷ
Ǽˣ
Ҷüͷһ壬ԼǼԩ޳ΪҪԼ
ƺ߲ƣѵҲҪɱԼ
Ҷ㣬֪㣬ɣ
һʮˣһСӣҶֱӳϵҶ㺰
ҲҪɱң
ҶһΣڵϣʮϳһȦҶΧԭأɵҲܿˣҪɱԼ
ûȷҪɱ㣡
ͷһЦ⣬ʲô
һɣ
Ҷ벻ǼΪҪɱԼ
ûɣֻҪʲôڶ̶̼ʱ䣬𣬸ҪǣҪ꺣֮еķ츳
·һЦ⣬ûκɣֻɱҶ㣬ϵ츳ô򵥡
Ϊڻʼڵǰ棬ǰȳˣǳҶ㻹δϵ£ǰնɱҶ㣬ñﲻ˵ܸҶϵʲôܡ
Ҷ˵ͷһȻ˶ԷĿģԼ̫죬˺ܶĹע׷ҪϾµʱ䣬̫ˡ
ǻԥʲôְɣ
Ҷһֶ˵ԷҪɱԼõİ취նɱ֣׶Ͼ󻼡
Ҷ㣬֮ǰһԸǻʵ֡
·ǵЦԽԽŨˣû뵽뵽ıĳɹˣڻʼڵǰ档
ҵԸɱǣ
Ȼ֮䣬һɺâ֣ɱ¾֮һ磬׵Ĵ֮䡣
ͣ
ֻһɨ䣬һ˵ԴƵףҶô˵Ŀ졣
ʮ˻δӦһˣҶ׵һӡ
һϣ
·ɫͻȻޱأ粻ǴԣҶ㲻ƷǴʮһһĸ֡
Ȼ֪£Ҷնɱһˣֱǲ˼顣
ߣ
Ѫ̫ĵͻ˾磬Ҷ㣬ѲǵսҶˡ
ԽԽ죬ʣʮһѹҶںδοǹˡ
ҪͻƾƷ磬Ҷ㵱ʱʮΧҶȻ£ҪɵĻɱǣôס
֮壬ϴѪҺʵֹһࡣ

һɨһ˺׵ıҶɱͻȻּңֻʣһǡ
·ǴһֶԼԸһľƷԣʮ˶ԸҶ㣬Źȥʱ䣬ͱҶնɱˣҲ˼˰ɡ


1606 ɱ
ҶٶԽԽ죬ʣʮ˼ҶӰˣֻܺ
дӡ
ҶͻȻն£һö޴Ƴ֣ޱȣϻƣɽҽûзͱѹ⽴
ֱǴݿ࣬Ҷͬɱһ㣬ֱײʮֻʣ˻ڿ֧ţҪ߶ˡ
Ҷһӣַ˸֯һžʣԭء
쳷쳷˾һħ
ʣ˷ˣϵĳҪҲҶ㣬һħһɱ˵а
ߣŶûУ
ʼڵ飬ҶĿһֱѹһҪйǼ徹ȻҲҪԼҶйһ¡

ֱһһ׵֣˱סˣ巢žܿһ߽ʬ
ֻʣ˻ڿ֧ţѾŵɪɪ·ɫҰףĵҶǰֱԵÿЦ֮ȫһΡ
ҶϵɱԽԽŨһ˿˿ڵħɢԽԽɱ¾֮˷ܵ˻һɨһԴ
ˬзĸоˣɱɱ𣡡
Ľ˷ܵĺУɺĽâɨȥһһ£ֻܿʣ·һˡ
ʮʬ壬·ֱӹڵϣǰ󲻹һյʱ䣬ֵͬȫ
Ҷ㣬ħǷǼ岻ˡġ
·Ƿһȣѣ֪ȥԼɣҶ϶뿪
ɣ
ҶޱϲȻΣڷʱҶΪУһ۷塣
κ飬ǲΥģԼԸȥߣ˲ңҲˣңұɱˡ
ಣ
ɱ¾֮µһ̣·ǻɳȥһȻһö
Ҳ˵ղ·ǽԼڷУҶɱԼ֮ʣ˳ȥ
ŽʧҶ˼Ҫ׷϶ˡ
һεĶѨ֮УͻȻ˽ȥһץס·ǵĲҽ
Ҷ㣿
վӣһҶɢɱ
ɱǷǼˣˡ
˵꣬ϥ£ʼ磬һ˿˿Ϣϳ֡
ɱʮ֮Ҷû˿˷ܸоʮʬȫΪԪ򣬳⵽֮С
ʮɫһ¿ʼһ죬ĵĵȻڸϼɣʧСһô
һ첻⣬ھҳ֣Ѿɾһ컹ڷɱޡ
һӰ̤ųصĽŲһ߹ÿһ·ڲ
Ҷˣ
˷һУԶԶĿӰҶ㣬ŽʵĽŲһ¡
ÿһɱͻһ֣һɳɫɱҶγһƬɷƣʮɲ
Ҷˣ˼Դһ˳ԶһӰ¶һ˿Ц
ټˣ׼ɱҶ㣡
˼Դһ֣˳˳ԽԽ࣬ٶˣ˻ʼڵļʮ֮⣬󲿷ֶǶԼŵˡ
ʼڣָʹʼھǡ
˺ܿ˹ȥ֮Խ£ΪһƬµأ㼸ƽСݲֻīɫأʺϴսҲǻʼΪѡԭ
֪Ҷ㵽˴Ӱ˳ǰֵģüǧˡ
µ˶˳ﱻӡʱ͸һͨһѹԭء
ٻҲһ˿أҶ㵽ٻϳһ˿ж
ż˳ԼҶͣס˽Ųվڻĵλãűסļʮˣü֮䣬ɱŨ
ǣҿһ
Ҷȴܴÿһ˵ĶڴҿǶôĿЦΧһˣ϶ᱻ̤
Ҷʦܣߣùǣ
·УҶϽ뿪Ȼ˶Ҫ
Ҷʦܣ߰ɣ㲻ģ
Ҳ¶Ц֮ɫû뵽һҪȫûˣѹֽ֮໥ɱʼͼıˣڰ޷壬һˣԱ֮
ҶԼ뿪ҶЩжϾǲ̰֮ûнתƵԼϡ
ܶ˶ΪҶǣűʼڵ˻׽ûԹޣֻϣҶ뿪Ǳ
İɣһ뿪ģ
Ҷһοʾǲõģ꺣֮һ˿ʼӪصĹµ߹ȥ
Ÿʲôɱ
˼Դվڸߴһ£ͬʱˣһҶ֣ƣֱգֵͬˮһҪ׵ûҶ㡣
ǵأȻɾ֣Ҳᱻŵƨ
Ҷ㣬һֲĵˣһ˵սĺĵˡ
ɱ¾ɣ
Ҷ󷨱ɱ¾֮а˱ȫ֣ɱ¾֮ѹ
һһأγһصĻ棬Ҷ壬ͬһֱӳ˳ȥ
ɱ¾
ûκεأҶһ־Ǵɱ¾ҪпķɱˣֻҪվˣͳͳҪ
ʮָɨһգߣ׷ķѣҶֱնϡ
һ̤Թ糱ѹһҶ㼡棬һۣ˵Ĺֱӷ˻ȥ
䣡
ֱӱ򱬣һڵĶڣľ󣬳ˡ
ԶۿЩɵˣʲôѵҶͻƵɾɣ
ֻɾܿôһΧҶɢɾֱ˼
񣬳ɣĳٲ㣡
ȻǰƷ磬˿Ӱķӣֳɱʼֱײ
ôܣӵΪ
˷ˣҶķ׾ֻΪ˶һûָԼս
Ҷ㵹ãʵȻǿȫһɱ˵Ļرɱʩչֵ⣬ѹûм
ֱֱȥɱ߱ʽʩչ쾡¡
и
̤ŽŲҶٴǰһĹѹȥļ̤ɱ¾֮˻ȥ
ҶǴǰ֮϶ʬ壬Ҷ׵˺
һ˿˿ĳ֣ҶɢӿɲϢˣһа

ֱֵ֣Ǵﵽ˽һĵز˵ˣǵĹҶߣͱ׵˺ѡ
ϹͬһͷͻȺ֮У޼ɵɱ
һһ£ԶۿѾľˣµ˶¶ľ֮ɫ
⻹ʶҶʦ
һѵɱһݽɱǣĵ⣬һ̵õ˾ͷš
Ʒɣ˶ˣҶ֮Ҳͻ˾硣
ڰƷʱ򣬾Ϳ׵ļ̤Ʒ˾Ʒǽʵһ۷塣


1607 չ
̤ſɲĽŲҶ㼸һɴݿķʽԼѹĵ⣬̤ÿһ顣
˷ˣǲţ⻹𣿼ֱһаħҪħ廹Ҫֲ
ٻ¶ŨŨ֮ɫ⻹Լʶ֮ǰҶ
ɱ¾ȻڼҶÿ̤һ̤˻ģȭ֮⣬ء
һööɫɳȥÿһ£֫ɣǲҽаҶȱľǷ
һʬ嵹£ǵĹҶ㣬ΪҶͬһ㣬֪ͳһʼڵӵǰ
꣡
һʼڵĵӻδӦͱҶ˲ӣϵԴҶѹһա
һˣˣ˭رҶֺηĳˡ
ɱɱɱ
ҶѾɱۣΨɱ¾ʩչԼ⣬ܼ֮˽ŲޱȻʱ·𶨸һ㡣

Ҷʩչ˴ܿʼı䣬ʱշ·ı򣬺ܶ˿ͬˣĶҶģ
Ҫɱ㣡
˿ʼ໥ɱֱǿɲ֮Ҷ㵽ʩչʲôֶΣȻЩ˿ʼɱ
ɲ̫ɲˣ
ԶһϼɵĵؿڣȫţһжһɵģѾһٶڷ
ʱ޿̷ܵľ֮ҶٶͻȻӿ죬ֱӴȺ֮С

ˣһٶڣҶ㲻Ҫ̫ʱ䣬һԡ
̶һʱ䣬һٶ໥̤֮֮£ȫʧȥǣҶںδ·ܵҶ㡣
ɱ
ЩɱۣʼԼ˿һֻǲףΪҪɱ
ĵļ˼¼һ泹׵ļ¼׼ȥָţǧҪҶħ
ȺȺĵ£վԶİ˼ԴңȫţٶɱҶһˣȻˣ˳ΪҶ
ر֮ıأ뱻ֻһȴҶո
Ҷޱȵٶȣ֮شеɱ¾֮Ѿմ˵Ѫ
Ľ˷ܵ۴УЩѪˣ׳
ⲻܣⲻܡ
˼ԴǼһţҲԸȥţղٶˣֻʣ¶ٶڿ֧ţҪ߶ܣҶ֮ԭء
ֶΣȫأ˵Ԥ룬ⲻɣֶΡ
µ˿Ŀѣ룬һɱɱһ仨ˮ
Ųһ̤ҶͻȻڿն𣬴ɱ¾ٴγֳֻдɱ¾ɱ¾ÿһγ֣мʮɥʧ
εֻ֮ʣһƤľҶյһɶ
ڼһԪ֧Ųôã
ʧˣҶֻ֧ʱ䣬ãȻĿܣʬ塣
˼ԴһкôҼ֣ҶôΣԪ϶ĵĲˣվԭɱҲ۵Ĳʡ¡
ǴҶˣǺˣҶһħȻܻųȥԺҲӰһӶٽһˡ
ǲ֣ҶŹǣȻҪȫɱ
ָһУٴγ֣˵ľҶ嶼ҪͿˣҪЩԪйȥ
а˼Դ˵ԪĴԽսԽ¡
Ҳˣ뿪ɣ
ЩŵĵӣʼǲʼƵĶѣ
һжˣ˭ֻҪҪɱԼ֮һ
ɱߣɱ
ߣɱ
ߣɱ

Ҷϣ쳹ڲأʳֻҪͳͳҪ
صߵң뵽һƬҵ硣
Ƭҵ磬Ҷףһ޴ֻ֮ųˣף
һѹܿ컯ΪһѪ⣬Ĳ
ڿȥˣ̫ˣ
һŮͻȻſһӵĻֱˡ
ŮףŮҶ㲻˭ֻҪվ·һ
֮ϣ׵ڻۣҶöص࣬һ˿˿׵
춼ףʮֿɲֱӳԶã
ڵ˷׷¶Ũ֮ɫϼҲһﶼشǧǰʮҲС
Ҷһô࣬ʵÿһ֣˾ء
ףŵֱ£ԽԽԶĵ뿪˵أ꼰
䡭
һֱӿ뵽Ⱥ֮Уÿһ£˱ըɣҪҶǰըҩǿ󼸰ٱ
ϳӣһƬ꣬ѲǸղŵģµ˳׾ˡ
ٶˣֻʣһٶˣ˼ԴɵɵվԭأʼʧأҶƺնɱʼڵˡ
վɽϣʼʧ
ⲻܣⲻܡ
ǰ˼Դڶ˵Ļʧȥǣ˫ȭգҽʵ
ϲ֣֮
Ҷٴһ䣬ʩչ˴һö޴ƣݺһץʮ˱ץϲϵĶҪ
Ҷ㣬ˣҪɱǣҲǱƵģ
ץסʮˣʼģϧҶ޶ԣϲ֮һʮ˻Ϊһ⣬ڵϡ
ǿ̫ǿˣǵҶʦܣ
ǿɬͨھҶֱСĿ
Щŵĵӣǵսľͷ˷ܵĺУȥҲʮԸ⡣
ٻӿʼĬĵĲҶʵôֲҶɱôˣǵˡ
֪ٻӿʼҶ㣬֪ΪʲôҶɴһ̣ٻӵԸͱˣҲ⡣
һ̤ʣһٶ˿ʼӴܣԽԽ٣ϲ֮һδʩչһߵҲץ˻
˼Դǣ
ϲ֮סʮ˵壬Ҷ㷢һȣô˻ᣬʣµļʮ˷Ӵܣ޲ܵȡ
˼Դһһ֪һ
סʮˣɫҰףŵֱ˿ӣŮŮڲҽУƿڴ˼Դڰ˴ʺһ顣
Ҷ㣬Ҫǲǣɱˡ
˼ԴһݾЩˣϣҶܷ뿪Լܻ

ҶͻȻЦ·ЦЦһ㡣
ٶ˶Լɱƾŵļʮ˾вԼֱǿЦ֮
ҶЦ˼ԴҲʧȥ˷磬ʼ֪ҶΪηЦѵ˼˵
һҶĲ˼ŵӵҪɱеˡ
˼ԴΪҲ֪СҾбԹԵĹǰһῼһ
Ҷ󲽳˼Դ˹ȥ˿˼ŵӵ
㲻ҪٹҾɱǡ
Ҷ󲽿˼ԴˣʼŵնɱǶʮˡ


1608 ս
Ҷ󲽶˼Դˣ岻ϵĺˣƷɣҶһָͷ
ٶˣ˴ֻʣ¼˻ڵϰս𺳲񷣬Ҳڳÿһ˵񾭡
ֻɲֶΣֻм֪һƷҲնɱٶˡ
ǻŸʲôϽɱǣ
˼ԴˣˣնɱűĶʮӡ
ɱ
Ȼ֮䣬ͬʱ꣬סµ˵Щӷ׷նɱ˶ˣȫʲô顣
ΪλʼڵİͻȻ꣬ˣ⵽ô¡
ŭһ䣬ǳ׼ʶˣʶһӶûмʶĶ
һֻ֣ˣ˲䱻ɱ
ԭûô򵥣صѹͲԼˣԲűȻ͵Ϯɱһֲ
˼Դ뵽ص˾ȻͽҪѾˣŵĵӱ˲򿪽ơ
ָ֮˹˼Դԭأŵһ£ֱһƨԭء
һӣסٻӵֱӱƷɳȥٻҲɣ֮ŵĵ˹ȥ
һжڵʯ֮䷢ڴ۵Ĺһжˡ
ͽ
˼Դµ˿ϵΪھһˣڽ𺣣ͱķѡ
Ϊȥļˣǽ𺣴ɱģеķŭйϡ
˼ԴʶʱΪܣ㻹ǹǰҲ˻ῼһ
ƺҶΪˣ˶ɵˣô£ѵҶˣ
㲻úʦѾͻƵɾڳڵţͳͳҪ
˼ԴΪˣѾű֮ģȻҲһֱˡ
㿴Ǹʱˣ
Ҷһ֣˼ԴʧҶˣʧ
ֻпտյսﷺſˮ޷ʵ
βһһɳ죡
˸ۣҶһͻƵɾĳɾͲ
Ҷ㣬л
ٻ˹ûڵŵӷ׷ÿѾ²һЩʼڼȻסٻӣҲϣҶԼ߳
ֻɱҪɱҵˣûйϵ
Ҷӵĸ˰ٻӣ㲻ҪˣûйϵΪ㣬¡
ٻӿЦһԼˡ
ľͷѵ㲻֪ӵ˼𣿡
֮Ů̲סˣҶһľͷӺȻҶ㣬ȴһľ
ҪʧˣҲһ򣬳Ӻ񰮣ϴε飬Ժᾡֲ
Ҷʮֿ˵ϴ仨飬Ժлᣬڳ
߰ɣ
ٻ̾ϢһŻ֮ŵĵ뿪ˣЩ֮ŵһҶŭĿӡ
𲻴ӦȻժӵɴһӶ㣬û֡
һŮͻȻͣס˽ŲݺݵĵһҶ㣬һλ뿪ˡ
ҶˣԭٻӵɴҶժˣѹӶҶмӡ
Ҷʦܣǲȡ⣿
ͻȻҶԶԶأһĿⶢҶ㣬Ҳһ֮ɫЩŮӸ¶ϧ֮ɫ

Ҷһɨ±Ʒ˳ȥ߻أҪǴȥǶˡ
һ˿˿ûΪղգܶ˿Ҷ㣬һ˿η֮ɫ
ಣ
Ȼ֮䣬ǿϢͻȻɾϢ
Ҷ㣬
һȣһӰͻȻҶǰףɾ
ɾ֣ڻϼɵӪ׷ʲô飬űʬ壬Ϸ׷Ҳ¶֮ɫ
֪Ҷһնɱôˣڵ滹ϼɵڣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ų˼Ŀ⿴Ҷ㣬һɵ
ֳкܶ˶¼һĻ׷óϸĻζһ顣
˭
ǰ꣬ҶƺʶΪҪնɱԼ
ɱҷǼˣˡ
ͥǣҲǷǼˣӣϣͻɾ
Ȼ죬õһöɹͻƾ磬̤ɾ
ҶȻЩףɱ·ǣһߣƴͥԵһʱɱԼ
µ˷׷վ˳ǻָʵҪҶ㹲ͬս
ҲʲôȻҪɱңְɣ
飬ҶѾ¼ˣĽͣȻԷҪɱԼٶ࣬Ҳ޼¡
Ҷ˻֣뿪ԸɾҶ⻹ǵһΣҴ⣬Ҳ˼ɲǣжԶԶ
ҶʦܣСģУȥ
˹˼ܼ򵥣Ҷ㲻Ҫ˼ǣУԼߣûбҪġ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ǵĺ⣬ŽһƷɣҶԣһԼʵ
Ҿ͵˵棬νţͥһ
ͥǻ֪ôˣһ֣վҶǰǴŵϢҶš
ٻӻδԶҶ֣תԴÿҶͥǽսһ
ʦ㣬߰ɣСӲֵҿȡ⡣
һ֮ŮӴűĵĿΪҶ⣬Ȼ˾ɫŮȻġ
Ǳ˵˵ˣǻȥ
ٻţҶ㲻⣬֮ƴʵһʲôܲʾˡ
Ҷͥ˲սһ𣬶ʱ䣬򽻴֮ϣ˵Ӱӡ
ΪɾѾܷշУͥǼռ˾Եơ
˶ôΪģҶɣΪ޷ͥǡ
ҶٴһĶ⣬˵ϣһԽ׵ĳͻȻչֱһԾҲɵ˿С

֮һŮ˫۶СǣҶϽ׵ĳ
ٻҲˣƺʶҶˣȫһİˣ̫ܣȫ֪
Ӿһ
ֻҶ㣬޷Ĵ飬Ҷ㶼׵ˡ
ɱ¾֮ǼƷ˿ڶ֡
ͥõĿһȻƷײߣҲͨĵܱ⡣
ͥҲԽսԽҶԪǷȫԼǾ绹ǾƷûţɣһΪɾ

ҶȻʩչһ׳׳ͥȥ
񹦣
ͥһ䣬һ෨ֳˣһ޴ḥ̂Ҷѹ¡
Ҳǧ֮һʮֿ󣬴󲿷˶ȴָ
ñҶݱϲ֣֮ɹһ
µķֳҶѹܿˣҶ岻ܿƣɾҪ˻Ҫǿ
дӡ
һöƳַ֣˻ȥҶţԼԪ򣬲һƷɣ֮ϡ


1609 Ĳ
һö޴ӡҪȸղŶԸǼ˻Ҫǿһ࣬ʱҲ֪ղŵսҶĵߡ
ҲôٴʶҶ㣬Ҳʵ𺳡
̶£Сӣ˲Ϊ쳹ţôġ
˵ƾĵӣ˵δ̫ǣǿˣׯֹһӣΪûһҶ˲
ʶǲʶҶģҪӣ¿⻹ǹʲԷ⣬ΪԼ˲ʵҶǾһͷ
䣡
ǿķֱҶһɳȥ֮ϣһǿĹΣǳһվڵϵЩߣҡҡ׹ֱӱƷɳȥ
ʹ֮һҶ㲻˷ԽԽ˷ܣսǿֻǿѹҶ㲻ϵĳɳ
ԽԽңҶҪһƷɣôףͥҪɱҶ㣬Ҳô򵥡
սˣҶĵĶǼ˵ʧҶӡǵ⣬Ҳ˥
һ󾳽ĿԽͬС磬ҶȻԽսԴ󾳽ĺ蹵һĲࡣ
ɾ˺ܶ๦ܣˣףͥǾܲٿԼϵĳҶ㣬Ҷ˺ܴΣ
ξǵãɾķ򣬸ԲȻҶ㷨ʮǿȴԲϢ
һҶ̤ɾ¾ɿ϶һ
ǲ࣬Ҷ㼸Ҫۣ֮ȴٳûΪڵȣһѡ
ɽ˵˵ҲˣҲȥ˴ʱ䣬ػڣˮľҲˡ
˼˵ܶľԶˮľˣղ΢΢һ£Ҷ֪Ҫˡ
Ҷ㣬ԹԵɣٷˣ
Ҷǭ¿ĸоͥǷЦɸɵĲࡣ
ȻҶǿɾȡʤ
ŻȻԭҶҲ޵еĴڣȻɱ˼ˣɾȣСĿ
Ҫɱң㻹ʸ񣡡
ҶЦһ嶸Ȼӿ죬һ磬ٶѹ˼£ͥҪɱԼôס
ٶϣҶ㲻ڶ֣סռ䣬նɱԼȻֻƽճ
ߣʶһҵʵ
ͥҲʶҶٶȣҪɱҶ㣬Ҫóˡ

ͥϵͻȻ˱仯ǧ֮һȻ
壬ȢӣҪն˿ȻҶ㣬㡣
֪ţҶҲҪ
ͥǾȻҲ˵նе˿һֻ׷
ӴϢ֮⣬һ˿ǿɱ¾֮Уͥǽ˼¡
Ҵ⣬ǧÿһֶԼİ壬һٲ
Ҷ㻹ǵһֵ⣬СļСģͻȻ٣иˣҪи֧顣
һ飬һǻӦˣĿѣ룬ױ
⣬γԼ̬⣬ɺɫĹâ֮
иǼ򵥣һƣΪצǲ񷣬ҲҪ˺һѷ죬ֱٵصϢÿһˡ
ȻͬܿһʤӣֱͥǵǿɾкܴĹϵ
ııġ
һѵ֣֮ϣԭǿӿݣһսǲҲ̶á
¿ˣֻһƬõɽȣ·һա
ͣ
ҶͻȻоһʹУһӣѪ˳
Ѿ֮͵˲ĵزȻܻ壬Ȼһ㡣
һζܿʣ⣬Ҷ屻ɳȥһζײ֮УҶռ·硣
ҶֻǱԼУͥЩ⣬Ĳ룬ҶӦ֮¡
Ҳˣ
Ҷ˵ʮ֮⣬֮УϷŰ֮ɫ˶ɾҶѽķѡ
ڻ棬֮У¶˼֮ɫ
Ҷ㲻Ʒ츳ͻɾǳ飬ͻƵɾ˭סĽŲ
⵽Ҷ㳰ͥ¶֮ɫָһٴγ֡
ɽ磬һִǳĲˣϾܽеǧǰʮ
ںĴκŶУǰʮȣֱ֮
ʱһ֪ͨͨǰʮ֣ݻдΪǰʮǴܸ١
֮а壬ܸ٣ܽǰʮȫɹ൱ڼӵǧ
ϧɽ磬Ҳûܽǰʮȫȫ٣󲿷ֶ˼֣һЩʮĵ⡣

ͥƿʼӡһεȻҪȸղŻҪɲղûжȫʵ
ҶҲ־Ǹ֣ͥǾǷǼһٮٮߣͨɾܱ⡣
һ֣ҶԶ϶ԸһһƷɣҶмİգκξ磬ŵȣͥ㲻Ͼŵȣȡ
ǿϢˣ֯·ַ򣬾УγһɲУҶ
֮۳ɺǳγɸ̬Ҫ֮Ⱦ֣壬Ϊһǡ
ղƽ湥йͥǽʩչ쾡¡
Ҵ⣬Ҷ˫ֿʼӡһ˿˿ֻصˣҶҪֻ֮ţѹ⡣
пҪµһ̣޾ͻȻһ޴ŻŻһͻȻζ
ʲô
˶ˣͻȻðŻ
Ϲʱڣ컯֮š֮š֮šֻ֮š˰֮ŵȵȡ
Щ̫ˣϵĶˣ쾹ȻˣȻǲ֪ʲôŻǾͻȻҲɽҪˡ
ǿŻ콵٣һѿ޷Żѹ
УҲˣȻһѿܲסֻ֮ŵѹȣʼɢľͥǶ¶֮ɫ
ٻг˳˼֮ɫѾ𾪣ΪҶͨˡ
Ҳ˼ˣ˼ǶԼļ䣬Żʲô
ЩͨľƷѹͿףֻǾŻѹǵ顣
䡭
ѣݣܹ磬ĽһЩߣ׷ױɳȥһЩֱӱιȥ
ֻʵǿ֮˴˵أѾʺϹսˡ
޾Ļɳ֣ڵס˴ҵߣ˵壬ֻ֮ϣһڵѷ˸
˭Ҳ֪һ˭ռϷ磬ֻܵȳ£֪ҶĴ棬Խսͥǵ
һǿʶҪôˣӰƷɳⲻܣѵͬھˣ
һ£ҵҲ𽥻ָǿգȴ˲˼һĻ
Ĳܣ
һֱŭһ䣬ݺݵ˦һȭͷ


1610 նɱ
գŭһ䣬޷ʵ
ܿ죬໥ΰ޷֮У߸ǧĹ
ǵ˼ά𽥴򿪣ԭ໹ļޣԽսǴ֮Уͻķǵǰ
˻ڣֻʮǧܶŭȫ߸ǵ֪
ҶһѾ޴ǯӣסͥǵĲӣղŻɳ죬˭Ҳûп壬ҶôƵͥǡ
˵޷⣬ͥǺγǣղž͸о֣ͻȻס壬޷
Ȼֻôǧ֮һǣҶ壬˲ʧȥҶ׸
̫˼ˣɾԽսɾȻ֮ƣҪǴȥ϶ܺ䶯򡣡
˳ľˣҶһ֣ǵ˼άһδζ·Уӿʼ𾪣ܣٵľ
ȿȡ
ͥǷһĿԣӱסˣﱻסˣֻһֻ׵ĸҶ
Ҷ㣬ɱңǼǲŹġ
ͥǴϢһȻ׸ղʲô˾ˣ֮Уĺ⡣
ЩǼĶˣͥǿǷǼܳţˣԷǼ϶һشʧ
㣬ǼͻŹ𣿡
ҶЦһˣܷ벻ţǼҲŹԼβܶɱˣڽͼһΣ
Ҫɱң϶߲޷壬˻ʼڣɱô˶ŵĵӣȥ֮һ⵽Χңұ֤Ǽ岻㷢ѡ
ͥһƽϢԼ֪˿ǧܴ̼Ҷ㡣
òײͻƵɾȻõŸոտʼôܾʹ˶ϵ
ԭҲ
Ҷȴܴÿһ˵ĶĲҧгݣ˭ǰҲס
رžԽԽߣǾΪ
ԽߣѶԽԽߣÿ˶ϧԼȻ׵
Ҷ㳰ͥɫһһʮûţղŻĵҪɱҶ㣬Źȥһʱ䣬ȫˡ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫֻ̫ѣ
ͥǻЩѪԣϧҶ㣬Ҷ㣬ֻ·һûκء
Ҳɱԣ
Ҷ¶һȵЦ⣬˻ʼڣɱôĶţҲںһǼ塣
νʭӶ˲ҧɱ벻ɱı䲻Ҷĸ֣һҲǵʮҲǵ
ֻѹܲϵҶǰڰ֮УҶ㻹ҼŻؼӵˡ
ҶΪΪ֤ǱȷȻΪУҶҲϧ
꣡
˵ע֮£ͥǵĲӱҶˣֳͻȻһļž
ɾȻˣһԽܡ
Ƿ࣬ԭҶ㣬ʵʸûˡ
ɱϣºӳɳһۣ
ҶϷɱ⣬˶һ£ԸֱҶ˵˫ۡ
ٻĬĬעҶ㣬ֻһ˽ܲԼ
˵ǰҶֻһϵԼһ̣ٻһƽȵĿ⿴ҶҲǼ֮ǰһС䡣
һӣһֻѾɾϾɣûɱɾҶˡ
Ȼǹѹƾ磬Ϊ˲μӰٹԴᣬȻͻΣҲ׷ҶĽŲ
Ҳ˵Ҷڶ̶̼µʱ䣬ɹԽ˦
Ǽļʮɵˣû뵽ҶĲ˼Ǽӣֱնɱ顣
һɨͥǵĴָ˹ʶһɨҶü֮¶Цݡ
ʶһöӵ޾дĴ֣
ö
ҶЦˣЦʮаȣҪն˿Ҷ㲻ãСԸıˣԼ˿ûѹ
һжҼ¼ڣҶ㲻ֹ飬ŰԵɱ˵Դһ
䵽ϣ˹һҶǾηмӣǸղһ
ǶǿߵأΪʦʲôʱţֻҪ𣬾ǰ
Ҷʦܣ߰ɣ
ҲҶ㿪Цмǧ˻ĸɱҶ㣬ϵԴ⣬Ҷһö
ɱٶˣͥǣԼɱģеӣһĹھҶĪˡ
޷ȱľޣضǣҲǰ޷ʱֻ꣬޵
ߣʱҲˣаǾ뿪޷壡
Ҷ˵ͷʮʱ䣬̫ĶϵɱҲع鵽֮С
ҿٵĳڸȥƺƵǧˣǸԼŽʣĵӡ
ʱİ޷棬ҲΣŶѻɽԴҲ¶ۺ֮ɫ
ֻΪϼɣϣýĹھ
ֻţĵǣʼǱ̸ЦкЩ嶼ڻʼ֮¡
޷ڣҶԶԶأҿɱͻȻìͷָǣһеȳȥ˵
ڻ涼ûǰǵʵͥǸ߳٣һƷɡ
̤ܿڣѾӰζҶǰĵӰ˲˹
Ҷ㣬㾹Ȼû
˵֣ΪҶɣڳڣ벻Ҷĳˡ
ʧˣ
ҶӰѾ֪ʼڵ˳ͻһƷɣڳڵԼ
Ҿ֪˼ԴǸ쵰²ԼԳ֡
ֽж˰˼ԴΪ˼ƻ˿֪˶Ҷ֮֡
ҶҲýͣҪҪʲô
ղŸɾ֣ҶĵãӺ޾飬һսɣǳҪ
޵УһǳҪ̡
ȻӰ˼Դߣ˽
ֲ²⣬Ҷߵģû˼ԴİΧŻصڴ
һ»ʼڵĸУ
Ҷɱٶˣ˴飬Ҳķ˺ܶԴö
һжֵõģȻöҲԴٶˣɾһǧ
иֲϣʤƳȥȥǧɾ
ɣ
λʼҲҪնɱҶ㣬ȻˣûɷҶȥ
˷׷˿ɴܣ꣬Ҳ֮˷ˡ
ֳһꪣһûг͵ѾӵһЩʮǿ
ǶҶ˵ⲻʲôˣΪҶӵϧ޷á
ȵϢҶ㲻˷ֳɱ¾֮һɨֱɨֵꪡ
ϣ
һĽ˫ͻȻ˳ȥǰ


1611 նɱ
˸ʮҶȻ֣ؿҶ㷴һѡ
е˼
ֻǼţԼɱҶǻֵ
ԭܶˣֹ֣Ҷ˵ĺâ˵Ŀ֮໥
ΪҶ뿴ҶԼȴҳ֣˳ͷÿ֣ԡ
һԾַɵ˿У׼еƣʹҶһֲ
ַɵУҡҡͷҶͥһս֪Ҷսʤ֣ǳ飬ǳ漣
ҶԼһҪԼʵˮľѾʩչһΣʱ˯Ҫüܶá
սȫҪԼһٲ
Ҷʹ֮ɫԽԽѿƼȻ޴棬ҴӼҶʵȻ֮ϡ
ﷺֹֻýȺ֮УֺܶһãȻ֮ɫƺ뵽ʲô
ԽսԽ죬ֻܿ˵Ӱӣֱ治˭Ҷ㣬˭֡
䡭
ӱײԹ˫ڹ似ϷɳʯЩۿĵӣֻٴ˵Զ
Ҷ㽫ֵ⾡ʩչ˿̲Ҫˣչ¶ԽǿŲŻںԼ
ôˣŲ棬ҶⲻˣнƣҶžԭ
ŸҶʲôΨһܴģǱĵ̣żɵ
Ҷ¼ҹһôˣ϶еùͷʣ
ɱ¾
ָһ㣬֣߳Ⱥħ裬׵˺ֵķֻ֮ϣִѪ߻
˵ǰһ֣ۿЩֻľս
￩һ£ۿ¶ľ֮ɫֻһֿܣѾ˴鷢Żľı顣
ڿϵ˿ڣɵҲ鲻ͷ˶ⳡսĮģƺ֪˽
дӡ
ƲˣͥȣֵʵҶսǷſֽš
ԽսԽ岽ˣȻҶѹȵ˳̶ȣҪǴȥɾ
ⲻܣɾôܻɾ
ֲţŭеıĺХһ˸ϾֻǷš
ûɷҿɷը
ͻɾ֮󣬽ϲһ£Ȼ̻һöɷ׼ɷըҶ㡣
Ҷ֪ɷԸͥǣҶ㲻ᵣĶԷɷ
ǶԸ֣Ҷ뵽ˣǷţ벻
һöɫˣֱӳҶͶ־Ȼ׼ɷߣֱ˼顣
ȥ
ҶУҲɳһ⣬Ȼɷǿ󣬵ǼܲסӴ
ʮöƷöɷֵסˣһ޴ĢƳ֡
¡¡
ر򴩣ڰ޷ЩƺӦˣ޷־ҵĳ
淢ʲôˣ
һŰ޷壬һɻ֮ɫΪθо
ֻлʼߣʮֵȻƺͲµһ㡣
޴ĢƺܿɢͶԶԶģȻɱҶ㣬ҪݱܷͷҶǿķŵöˡ
Ϊӵõ𣿡
һ֣óֵ󣬸ղӳɷֿӳǧ֮⣬ҶʲôʱԼġ
㡭ôô졣
ЩɵˣҶٶȾȻҪ죬ˣҶֺüʱ䡣
̫˶ѣͻΣʵСĿ
ҶżĿ˵һΪ˷ˣ˵ʧķ裬ں˵˵һ
Ҷ˵ûһЦͥǵĿ

Ȼ֮䣬ˣݺݵѹ֮ѹԭء
ҿ
ֱϾɾһɨ˲䱻Ƶ
ͫȱ
ҶͻȻǰ棬ֻһ֮ң
˶ɵˣҶǸʲôȫˣȻսʽ֪Ϊ޼ѣ棬ڳٳߡ
ҹ
ָоԼƶˣ⣬ʧȥϵȵӦʱҶѾסĲӡ
ͬĳٴγ֣һοǵ˵棬ϤĳϤζǻûпҶס֡
ô£ǲǻΣ
һԼһ⣬ΪԼΣһ̫ˣ޷⡣
¶֮ɫԪɢ忪ʼ£ڿԶ϶˼ԴˣҶɱҶԼߡ
ɾҲˣ
ƾҶսɾѶЩҶ㲻ǰһƷɣѾвԼˡ
Ҷ㣬ɱң
ֻǲţҶɱԼ
׳գ
Ҷһ׳գٶ˶ɱˣںһˡ
꣡
һᣬֳ֮ǰĿһĲ֮ɫ
ָڳķֻʣһƤƮɢڿУǿŶħһҶ㡣
ɱ˲Ҫʬ嶼ŹֱаħΪ
ʣʼڵŵûɢԶߣϲֳ֮ˣնݳҶһ
óô򣬿ԸҶ㲻Ǻǵġ
ԼǾ͵űŵ׼
˻ûӳȥͱϲ֮Ҳ̶ãûʼڣʮ˳׸һʣ
˶Ĭˣ֪ҿһĻǱ̾޳
ɨһȦûٸԼҶջĿ⣬ȴƿɰٹᡣ
ʮ٣ڿʮг̣ĥӰ졣
Ҷʦܣһȥ϶𼫴ĺ䶯ҪСģһȫ㣬˰͵Ϯ
ȥ֮ǰһ䣬ɱ˻ʼڣɱʮš壬Ҷǵһˡ
Ҷ˵ͷûǹ뵽滹һصĺˣҶ¶һ˿аЦ
ȱڿʼ򿪣½½߳ȥϼɵһȥ࣬ǹţû˸
ڣʼ뿪޷壬һһŵĵӲżǰ治һǺ¡
½½߳ʼעȳϼɣֻʧһˣ󲿷ֶ
Ҳˣֻ޿У󲿷ֶ
֮ţңң׷׳֣Щ壬һЩɵˣڴҵ֮С
ôǻû֣
ԶЩżˣ߳һˣΪοŵӵӰӡ
лʼڣҲһ˶ˣʼڵһûг֡
켫ˣЩĵӣ׷óųϣ޷һһֳ
ܿ죬Ҷ˳֣Ŵһδʱ˳
վŵӪʮˣֻˣ껹㲻ԶԤҪúܶ࣬ϾҶųˡ
Ҷ֣ʼڵɫһ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ
ͻȻһҶ㣬ס


1612 ַ
Ҷʼڵɫ䣬淢ʲô顣
漴
һӰ˹ףԶһ㶣ΪҪҶ֡
Ǻܿ죬һסˣɳȥ
ΪҪŵӳ֣Ϊź۸ɡ
Զһ֮ɫһȻҶŵĵӳ֡
ԶǻţҲҪɱСӡ
ΨһһӣҲ޷壬ȴû뵽Ҷɱʬ嶼ˡ
˫ĹҲ׷Χ˹Χм䡣
޷ĽƻرգҲ˵Ҳûˣʼڵĵһû
һЩš壬˴⵽ô£ԶҲɵˡ
ΪɵӶܿЩ˽еìͷָţʲôŭԹ飬һСš
Ҷ㣬Ҫ
ΤʥͻȻһȣӥһ㣬£޴ƣҶݺݵѹ¡
ˣȫţʮֻңڳЩ󲿷ֶƷƷ֮䡣
ಣ
һڵӰӳˣ˸Τʥ嵹ɳȥϳһӣѪ
ӰֻһţܿʧҲ˵ڰаҶ㡣
Ʒ
ΤʥɵӣжϳоƷһʱ̱Ҷ㡣
ʲôˣ
ԶҲһͷ󣬻ʼȫû֮һżȫʧˣٹԴҲûֹ顣
˵ϣԼɣ
óһö֪˿סˣҪڴǰҶûдǻʼСǰ
һ޴ĹĻˣ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥȻղŴҼ򵥿һ£
ӻʼץŵӿʼв֮ŵʥŮţ¶½Ҷ㡣
ʼɫıˣϧһдۣնɱҶ㡣
ʼںֶΣȻôˣŵӣΪź۸ɡ
˻ʼ֮⣬ЩŻм壬׷׵ͷҲǱʼƣҶɱˣԱѡ
ߣ˵ʲôҲûãҪɱ˶ħ
ܣԼĶҶҪ
ǽһĻҶɵˣҶֱɱȺ֮ͬѵһͷǡ
ԭӪǲһȺǣҶ֮󣬲ŷǴˣҶǶǣ⣬Ҷ׸
˴ӽŵðһֱţղֻ֪Ҷɱˣû뵽˿ֲɱôˡ
ԽԽңֵʩչҶʩչشǼ˶Ҷɱ֮ģܶ˶¶֮ɫôشȻһա
ԶҲһҶ㣬֪Ǿϲǿɱ
ųһӣȻǺ£Ҷôˣ棬Ҷһ֮޷ֵ
һѵĿ׸Զ
ǷҶ㣬ǱȫҶ㡣
ȫŴӴ˸Щ϶棬ʵԶ㲻Ҳվڻʼһ棬˷ռϷ硣
һ£ɱ¾ֵһ̣˷һǵȪĵҶ㾹ȻҲƿء
СǺеʡ
˷ˣħħȫһࡣ
һ㣬Ѿֺʬ壬ٶʧһ룬Ҳһ
ЩͨӣȻĿһ˿ڿһ飬ǸоǷ
ֻԶǵӰϼֵĻ棬ȴԽԽ˷ܣɺ촽һ˿˿ɱӣƺ̼ɱ¾֮
⻹𣬾һɱ˵Ŀħ
һ૵˵ǵľ磬һƾˣǾԲҶĻ档
֫бۣϵĺɣڿ޺ҽУϵġ
Ҷ޶ԣϵļ̤ǰʬϡ
ⲻܣǴ
ֵһ̣һһʧ꣬ɽ磬ᳬʮ˶Ҷ֪
˵ǣԶһãȻƺʶҶһҶ㾹Ȼ˶ǧ
һóΨһֻһЩϹŶŲɹӵ
໥ɱǱԻˣ໥ɱһͬ
ԼĶӣͬѣȻҶɱǸҶҲѲ˸ϵ
ϲ֣֮
дӡ

ɱ¾
и
һÿһﶼһѾ˰ͲסˣҪҶ׽ȥо
̫ˣ
һļ巢һ̾ҶɳԳԽЩϹŶʮ꣬һǿߵпܳ
ɽмûгֹˣصı仯һЩϹŶ׷׳֣Ԥʾؽд·
ɱˣڿҶڻʼڵӣɹȱˣĻʼ۴С
ȻɱҶ㣬һƽйеŭ
ڰҶ޶ԣǱڻңˣҲˣûжˣΪѾ©
֮ʮŭûеʼڣȻҲ⵽׷վ˳ַʼڡ
֮кܴĿܳΪһţʼڶǣǹϵ۸ӣܶŶϵ
ü죬ʼڵ˲ҳˣΪлһƷ
һóȻ֣϶⵽ƷĴǳܲ
ЩŸö˵ǲҵţֻʼڶѣô飬ֻܴʡ
ˣк֮У
Զ˽ʼĩ֮󣬴ĺȳ⣬ͬ׹ʾ⣬Ҷ㱣κɱҶ㡣
ţǧɳŲԻصһŶ֮Упܳ
ǵˣҲҪȫҶ㣬Ҹղź˳֣ԶҲˣӦǽԪڰбҶ㡣
Զɱģ˭˭ɱôˣǱҪ֣һ˵
ҵ˵ˣҲʧʮˣҶɱ
ԶԶûнǼͻȻߵǰ棬ɢϢ
ŸʼڵĶԹǲܣɱǷǼ˸ô㡣
Ǽһ˳ɱҪй
Զһͷ󣬸ʼڵĶԹ׿˵ȻûҶ㣬˫ҲҲ֡
ŸǼûжԹղսУҶûɱǼˣ⵽ô¡
ûͷŻӲãһӰˣͥǣҶǰ
һĻϣҶͥսһ
˵һʢ磬ղֻһθСˣͥǽ֣Ĵ͡
˵ĿٴαҪҶͥ˭ʤ˭


1613 ھ
˵һʢ磬ղֻһθСˣɾĴ͡
Ȼѿսһ󾳽磬Ҷӵнӽʮֵص壬ŻҵĹע
ٶޱȣʼʱҶʹֳ֮һƬ
ӵ˫಻󲿷ֶɽ壬ѵҶĺ᣿
Ȼܣ˫ҲǰɫûҶʥĸо·ҫ
˼һĻˣһ޴ֻ֮ų֣ݺݵĽͥѹȥһƬ硣
ȻҶ¶֮ͬɫͥǱҶס˲ӣս
ͥǾȻˣ
ʶǼţҶЩԽܡ
ĵĵȻţõţֻҪͻƵɾָտɴ
һţһ˵ҲҪ꣬ҶļƣƼʮɡ
ԶˣΪηǼҲԭǵűҶɱˡ
ԶڻкλҪ˵ǷǼ岢ûвΧǸô㡣
һ֮ɫ
˵ʼǾȡҲˣΧȣȻ˵Ҳռκơ
ǷǼ岻ͬǸҶԩ޳ûвΧΪҪɱͥǣһ̣ͥѾˡ
ԶΪˣɱ˳֪Ҳˣ֪ˣֻܺƤҲҪȫҶ㣬ܽȥ
һǼҶ϶ᱻߣķѡ
ǣ㲻Ҫ˵ϹˣҶȷûͥǣǵҶ㣬ղŵľĿãҶҲǱƷ
ԶΣ˭ҲҶ㣬ǽǼϹͷȫɱˡ
˵ϹѵûͥˣŲ˵뿪
ǿʼȶ׼ϴһַš
û뽻ɱ֣
ŷ׷׸ͣЩ⣬󲿷ֶϣҶ
׳գ
Ǽ±QҶһ׳գȴܴڳÿһ˵Ķ
һЩͨӣ׳֣Ҷ˴ĴָҲֻҶҸô˵ˡ
С˭ǰ׳գ
ҧгݣ޲ھȥ˺Ҷ㣬ϧһһεľƷ
ľ㣡
ҶֱԲ䣬ҲԼ˫˺ƤˣαںǵĸܣȻһ
Զӳ˳飬ˣĻһҪǴȥ϶䶯
ʵһˣҶ֮Ҳ쳹򣬵ƾ˾塣
С
ǱŭˣαһСǵôŵǰ첻ɱҶ㣬Ǽ廹к㡣
Ҷ֮УɱӣѾ˱ɱֻҪͻһɱǡ
ǣһǰαҪһһʶ
ԶųĿΪڴС
׳գѾǺܹˣѵͲ֪ͥǻԵ޹ʵɱң
ҶЦһŻȻֻǿͥҪɱҶ㣬϶ԭģҶ㲻˵Ȼ֪
˵꣬һö˳·Ǵ˻ɱԼĳܿڴҵǰ
һֳǷǼҪɱҶ㣬ȫɱ·ͷһͥкһĻ
ǣڻлҪ˵ԭõķǼ壬Ҳּ飬˳Ц
ԶãǼ飬϶һӰ죬Ͼ̫ˡ
ʵҶ˭໥Ӷᣬǰ᲻¿ʵ֤ҶԷǼһСĴ
ɫȻһһ󣬷Ǽһֱ㣬飬ȷһ衣
ˮʯˣ飬ŶûκˣôǽܲˣҲ£ʹա
ԶͻȻǿӲֱӸߴҡ
Ҳϣ㲻ҲϣѾˣûдǲӦҶ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷҪģ֤ںԼ
չ¶ǿӲһ棬ҲԥǿҶɱķնɱɾţ϶Ҫϧһд۱ȫ
Щ廹Ų˵ǵﲻţֻܽĿ⿴ʼڸǼߣϣܳͷ
ʼĬǸղصĺˣǾԻϴһַš
ˣĽ֣ȻٶƷҲֲһƷ
ǻʼڼסˣɱǻʼôˣɣ
Τʥ˿ڻڳѪһ˿˿ħȻ͸ȥʱΤʥҪҵȫĵطˡ
ڵȥħ壬˺ľǱԴ
ʼڵ׼ˣЩڻʼڵż壬ֻε̾ǸǲţֻưͳԻп˵
ʣһǼһл֧֮ţֻܶݺݵĵһҶ㣬˵
ǼɵĲԶһֱҶĺˡ
Щ˶ɵӣʹˣҶׯĵӣưһƷ
ֻŵׯĲõģǼ겻ĽԪҲ֪ô£ͻȻˡ
ŷϣҶһΣֳ֣ѵҪһֱȥ
ȻҶûˣڹĹھɣ
ŶѻɽԴԶǵȲˡ
һڻϼɶû˵ΪԶһ䣬ҶóһöϹ˵˫ۡ
ԶסˣôóȥܻһԴˡ
λóǵˣ
ԶЦе񣬺ɨһȦ˲˵ûóΪòãı䲻˽
ʵͲµ˽ҶɱˣɱͥǸ֣˭ϵᳬԳٳٲھ
ȻǶ˵ˣԴЦˣ
Զóһöָжװ
ߣ
ʼڲٶһʱ뿪ΤʥҪҸطˡ
һ뿪ԶҲٳɣٻޣôҸϽȥ
ˣҲϽ뿪˵ز˾
ԶϽ˵ҪѸ뿪ֻҪصžͰȫˣ˭֪ʼڻ᲻֡
ʼڸǼһŻҪһ
커ллҶ㣡
ֿһҶ㣬Զ˵Խܣ⻹Ǽ֮ǰμӰٻǸС
ֵĻһ
Զʮֿ˵֮ܽͬһսϣʮ
֮ŵ˺ܿ뿪ˣŵҲޣٵ뿪޷壬Ÿȥ
Ҷ뿪ãһӰӰд˳ʧ


1614 Դ
ȥʱٶȼӿһ࣬·ϴһ٣һ䱸ȿŵӰӣҲһ
ɵĺ䶯̫ˣƲһʱ䣬û˲֪Ҷ֡
ҶôǿҲΪҶԽսҶĵ⣬һЩϹŶ۲
˻δصţϢѾͻˣׯɽӭӡ
º䶯ΰٹԴᣬŻùھⶼǴҪġ
ҪǵҶնɱٶˣɱɾϢһöը쳹š
˵˲ʶҶ㣬һǴӻġ
󲿷˽Ŀ׼ΪţֻҶϵãҪҶùϵ£
ΪҶǱɣлΪĴڣҪǰһùϵζʲô
Ҷɱ˼Դ֮󣬺Ļ٣ĬΪ֪ҶѾˣѹҶ㲻⡣
֮Уׯһ֮ɫΰٹԴȻų˷ͷҲ˺ܶͷʹ顣
ţҶۣһûκ˶Ӧ
һ֣ӦýҶţΪһ¾żŲʱ䣬ǳô
γɣн֧ҶĻռݶϾų̫ˣҲҪһ³˯ʨ
ʮֽţԶҴһ£εȷʵǣ̫󣬵ӽ֮һ
ЩŻжԼʼ㲻ǸҲƲ
ǷǼ壬ǵŲ£ʼһ𣬴ţ˵ȷʵһս
εĲһ۵ӣҲκ̤
ׯüͷͻȻչǰһ飬κ˶Ӧ׸
˵Ĳű۸ô꣬Ҳóˡ
һûвμӰٹԴĳϵһվͬ⣬ڳ϶Ӽңûʼڵ˰ȫ뿪
˷׷ͬΪҶûҲз֮ˣǰ᪵ʦ
ҿİɣţ綼
˵
˵ׯüͷһ壬ţڷҶģҲֻˡ
ϣҵһ䣬ʲôŽ
ҶʵϴӶԼɱ֮Ҷ㷢ģлһúõĽѵһ١
ƿԣΣŵҪһʵſԡ
ȻҲ˥䣬ܵơ
γɣศɣȻҲкܶŵţνǵǿߡ
ƿԣҶЦһ
˵ɣ˵ǲһҵ˲õˣ
Ҷ˵꣬ɫһ죬ȻҶ˵ȥˡ
ׯ˵ͷҶ˼άϷǳԲǣűߣ˵ܵ˵ɳ
Ҳһ£һһĽɫһʶ𣿡
˵ˣȻҲǲܵ顣
УôȷһͲǰãһǿɽţҵʣһõǰ
Ҷһ˵ϣϻ˵ͷҶ˵еһʶǿߣ˭ͽᣬ˭ȥֿܼ֣ҶԼѰ·
ϲ˵ˣҶҲ˵ҵ̬Ѿˡ
ˣΰٹԴ˳Ҷ㣬ĹߣЩʣµķָЩμӵĵӣ㿴Σ
ׯǻҶ㣬ȥƫ̻˭á
ƫ̻Ҷ㣬˽ģ˵ׯԼһ˵ԼĵӲá
ŶѻɽԴҶ°ͣȫ߿϶ʵϾдҵĹ͡
ҵĿⶼۼҶϣׯҶԼѡʵҲǿҶԡ
̰϶Ὣõıȫߣֻѡ֤Ҷ㲻̰֮
ʶɨÿһҶѡʮ䲻õģҶҪġ
񵤱Ҷˣ޿ɺǣҶ㲻ߣǲԵαΪҶҲͻƵɾ
ڶǼشҶ㻹ûҲˡ
ξ߰ĲϣЩҶʮϡȱɾ취Լһˡ
һǧɾһûգϾԼɱٶˣɱɾϵԴѾǳˡ
֮ѡʮ֣ҶûеģﾡãٶҲҶʵԵ
ˣ
Ҷպ֮һûȡεƾɾһڶ࣬Ҷֻȡһǧࡣ
ԭΪҶ̰һ룬ʱúõĳҶһ˵һ̰ˣ̰
Ҷʮڳûһ˻뵽
Ҷˣõ̫ˣҲҪʮ֮һ
Ҷ㣬ˣֻҪ⼸
ׯҲʮֺ棬ԼԽԽ͸ˣ̫ܣرҶչ¶ôĵ塣
ˣ⼸ʺϵӣﾡãõѡ񡣡
Ҷ˵Լ뷨ʮһ˵ͷһ̰֤ܿȫû⡣
̰ɫȨĴɣûһմֻܿƶ١
Ҷ鵭ȻټֻһֿܣҶĲںЩԴǹó
ڳĸ˾Ҷ֮оܿʲôװʲôĶ峺˭ҲҲһ˿ʡ
ã㣡
ׯЦԼյͽԽԽˡ
ʹ˽ȥúڰٹԴ飬Իᴦ㲻õġ
ׯҶ㲻Ҫ︺׵ׯѾ֪ҶнԪڰбȫⲻõġ
ǵӾ͸ˣ
ĻҶûʲôо뿪صɽ壬ȡɾ
ö񵤣ͻɾǳ飬Ҷʱôͻƣ׼չһʱ䣬ȹ̾Ʒ硣
˳һЩ飬һشŵõĵ壬дЩҪʱ䣬ʱ仹̡̫
ٹԴȻˣƽˣӿŷ׷ھҶҪ뾡һа취ϵĵڳ
һҶ㶼֪ˣصѪ壬һΰݵӣԭȥһҩ԰ǿܶı飬Ҷ뻹ˣ밲ĵˡ
ʱڹȥ˵ȵʱ򣬵ȴ鶼ƽ뿪Ѫ塣
ҶѪ廹һѡ徻ЩҪԼУҪԶһء
صɽϣҶûԶƻûл֪ȥʲôȥˡ
߽䣬Ҷϣ˼ǧΰٹԴᣬʵҲǾ֣һٲ


1615 
ҪԴɱٶˣԴѻɽȻùھô౦ȴҲһʲƵԴ
һЩõĶÿԽɣԴԷչԼĵ
һڶƷɾƷɾҲв٣ʮö
ƷɾȽ٣ֻһöɱôˣŵõһٶöƷɾȷʵϡ١
ЩϸʤкܶĲϣЩҶĿǰĶ
ηˣɾͿˣ
ŶѻɽԴҶͶЦˣ˿֪Ҫɱ
ҶϸĦ粻żҪչһʱ䣬ٹԴĵá
壬ܲУ
һоͽĺҪն˿Ժκ壬˴
һĵûй̶ķҲûй̶̬Ըı˵Ӱ˵񾭣ʮء
ڸͥսʱҶʶǿԼᶨҲӰ־
Сն飡
ҶͻȻʩչСնԼϵ൱ֻһֵѣ˲ϵ
һУҶʽǰ̫ĻҶ°빦̶һʱ䣬һЩƤë
ʱһȥҲʼƽϢٹԴӰҲʧ
Ҷ֮쳹һЩɾţ׷ҪҵҶ㣬ھϵܣϧҶǱչز

ʮ֮ѪϿճһӰ࣬ȴʵʵĳˣҶĴ
һӰڰɺ촽ɱӣϵħɱ¾֮ʼںϵơ
Ҷ֪ٹԴ֮󣬻ʼһ˷һһΤʥˣҪһزָ
Ҷʩչ˴ҪɵУ˺Ӱ
ϧǷȱһ㣬ȫʩչ
Ҷ㳷ȥƣЩϧʮĲ򣬴ѼЧֻ棬ͥȣԲ㣬Ҫϵĥϡ
򲻴ҶʮҳٹԴùھĵ⡣
ʮҶԽԽԲ󣬾ɾԽԽ
óöôãڿԹۿˡ
һɹӵϢҶⲻԭͨƵһЩϸڣ϶Ĩˡ
ʶ͸ȥĸӡҶ

Ҷһɻ֮ɫʮ⣬ûʲôá
һǿĹܣ񣬽ĸǿһķ
ǧйأҲԪȵȣķ֮һ
ã˴ħű䣬ҵһ¥
Ҷʮǿʲôʥࡣ
ص֮УҶϥ£ʼ
һ˿˿渡֣˳ҶĽϵߣ֮õǿһЩ·ӡơ
ǺܿҶ㷢һЩ⣬һЩϸСľ޵ƺĨȥ֮
ȻЩŵ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫϼóģӦûϼɣҪɵĴҪϼȥˡ
ҵϼɵӣϻãȻԶԲ
ȻҶڸľ磬©ڣﲻʥĵز
Ҷ㻹ûзȻĨ˲٣лк֮ܶ
ϸСľǴǿԵģϵᴿܶط⿪ʼҶϢĸı䡣
òǹڳķչ˵Ҷǰһӣڸ
Ө͸ļһЩŮ˼ἵʣڲʣһա
ٷǳǱ˫ɢϢ˫ͬʯһ㣬ӷտɫĹâ
һԽüͬɱ¾֮һ˿Ϣͷųȥ
촽׵ݣбĶͷҶòδģȴ޿ޡ
˰µʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ȫȫһ飬ǿ󣬿ɾ
վӣһıǳһ㣬һȻڶʮйɵ춯
̫ˣ
ҶһһٰʮȵתȻĸıֱ̬˼һһ㡣
֣һȭ֮ܽ򱬣
ҶԼ˴֮һ࣬ҪȰٹ֮һء
Ѫ֮ϣҶǿգɽҲаˣ֪ĸɺãǿɺá
Ψл磬Ѱ·ԼĸĸҶҪ̫̫ࡣ
ಣ
һ֣һڵӰӳҶǰҲǿա
һκûûһ֣ҶͷˣƺˣǰϢ
ղɱ¾֮ħں˲٣
Ҷ㿴û֪վ˭ӶԷϵħ͸оˡ
ʲô
Ԫָ֮Ҳ𽥱仯ô壬Ҷ㣬Ҳһģʱƺǹװġ
һЩûйϵ顣
ҶֱѪʯᾣҶҵһƽ̹ĵطǳһ
ԪҲþûǵĿǳˡ
зϢǴӷģ
ԪͻȻͷðһ仰Ҷһӹʯվ
磿о˰ɣ
Ҷ㵱ȻϣȻԼصٺãϢûʾƷܸ֪õ
ûԼҲȥܣ㲻Ѫҫɱ㡣
ԪҶȤȻҶ㵱Ѫĳˡ
ⲻƽѪһɵģƾʲôʰ̯ӡ
Ҷֱӿ飬ѪǽԪһֻڸ˾ȻҶͷϣⲻ߼
ûʲôƽƽңѾΣΣͰ˵ȥѪ塣
ԪһӣҶӦ񣬶ı䲻뷨
Σ
Ҷһͷˮһϣڶڰ޷̨ϣɷԪˣΤʥ֣Τʥأ
ûΣ
Ԫʮֿ϶˵ľ磬Ȼѡ
˵֮⣬ڰҪɱң
ҶҲɵӣȻˣл˶Լ֡
ԷˣеЩˣĨˡ
Ԫ·˵һͨ飬ҶʱΪΰٹԴ֮󣬽Ԫʧ٣ԭҶĨ˰ҪɱԼˡ
뵽ЩҶһж
Ѫ鲻һһϦܸΣҪ֮ƣ㲻ż
ҶҲ˵ʲôԪΪԼô࣬ӦԺΣգƽԪҲԼˡ


1616 ɾ
˾ţԪҲѪˣֻҪҶӦʱ೤ȥʡ
Ȼܸ֪зϢǲҲܸӦõ
ҶʵƷѾͨأǷ绹ɽ磬ܴõ
˵أ
ԪҶһۣȻׯɵԼսׯĶ֣Ѿڲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷѹׯҪԼΪӣͷԼӷˣΪֱֲӲء
ȻǶ֪Ϊβֱ˵ǲ
Ҷʮֺ棬ɽ羭˷ʱ𼫴ĺ䶯ΪǷԼȴ˵أ
˵ܸıʲôҪģҪ𣿡
Ԫһģ˵ĳ޷ѡ񣬵ǵ·ѡ
Ҷ˼Ԫһܴľ
ܸıʲôҪġ
ҶϸϸƷζ仰ûжĺ壬ȴӵĵɽ磬Ψлǿߡ
ţԶţǿߣҲһѳΨлߡ
ﲻϵĽ仰һ˿˿ͷ
лˣ
ҶͻȻವһʧԭأʲô׼񵤣ͻƵɾ
ҶʧԪǾȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʮ⡣
ǸֽĺôҲĳһ仰֮󣬾ܶҶ㱾ʾ֮һƽĻ֮У֮ܲеİ塣
ҪǽԪָ㣬ҶƻҪ²̷ܲ񵤡
ǻԵҲǻׯҶ㰲Ѫ壬Ǵ̼Ҷ㲻ϵܵõԪָ㡣
ÿæʱָҶ㣬εУ͸Ҷһʦ
ˣҶӣ϶ᾡľָ㣬ῴЦΨԪǸ
ص֮УҶϥ£ڷһ󷨣һɫƷɾƷɾ̫࣬ҶѾ
һǧöƷɾҶ㼸óмҵΪͻɾҶҲǻȥˡ
γɵһ̣Ѫ£ƣͬһƬ˼ɾܵչ
Ԫû뿪ڹʯ棬Ҷ㷿䴫ǵЦԽԽŨ
һٶˣԪһ˶ȹ˵Ļûгʮ䡣
û뵽ׯȻһˣ
ԪЩĽϧҶ㲻ĵӣǲָҶ㡣
γɣҶʼͨ澭ɾɴ⣬һͻٲ
õǿ֮ٶȴӣܶëǱϴӹһ㣬ҪգֱʵҶ档
֮УͬһͷھѣΨ̤ɾһϸˡ
ƷɾƷʮ࣬Ҳһ˿ʣ
Ҷһڸ򾳽磬֮еľԽԽ࣬ҪǿȵƷɾõϡ
һööɾըΪҺ壬뵽Ҷ֮Уëȫſ̰ա
񵤣ˣ
оˣҲƿ񵤣ڴһ٣ͻɾӴԺҶɽ磬Ҳһĵλ
ɫĵҩɲȴΪϼûаգڴֽš
ԼõھȻνʹ
㱻˵õҲֻܲһ˿Ƥë޷Ĵϼɴ̡
ڲͬ϶ˣιھĪǻʵûһ˿ٵĿܣʵʵһöƷҩ
˭֪ɱҶ̥ǿеĶȥ˹ھһֱķʽɱٶˡ
͵ʴףֵĹھҶˣԴѷˣѾҲˡ
һö񵤷ǳѣҪɼɷֵıɽѩΪҩҪʮɷֵҩ۶ɡ
ھʦһµƣܳ¯ÿ¯ᳬöҩʮϡȱڣһƳö٣Ͼɵ˭Ҳұ֤ٷ֮١
һóһöҲѪҪǴ̼µӣڰٹԴ֮Уõı֣վһŵ
һҶ㶼ֻ֪֪˿֮УŻȼգʮֵܣʮֲֲֿĳҶ
óȻ̷񵤣ΣյģûǿΪ֧ţ׽ű
ҪԸҩһҩЧȫӳͿԽɾ
Ҷ˭Ѵﵽɾû̫ĳֻ΢΢ĸоһζܿƽϢ
ǿҶ治ϵĳˢԭԪԽԽɢӨ͸ı⣬һ˿ʡ
ѾݱһС磬ֵ彻֯һ֮ݻ֮½棬֮ڻľѡ
һ֣֮УѪʼѣ
Զһֱû뿪ĿҶͻƣʶεܣҲҪҶ棬жٵܡ
񵤴Ԫһ̣Ҷ֪ԼҪͻˡ
¡
ͬը죬ҶоĤҪˣɾ٣һƬµسҶǰ
˫ۣҶǰ棬һһ㣬ĸ֪Ȼٱҡ
ǰҶǴ߿磬ժߣʵġ
ûʱȥҶ򾳽磬˫ۣʼ׼һٽɾȹ
ҶͻƣԶ΢΢һЦһΣʧԭأûıҪˡ
ܿ죬һ׵֣Ѫɽϣͻɾ׽١
ŵע⣬׷׽Ŀע⵽ߣ׽٣󲿷˶µˣ϶Ҷڶɽ١
ٹԴᣬҲ͹ȥһʱ䣬ҶҪɾˣǿɬ˱ˡ
Ҷʦܳ׽Ǽ˦ˡ
Цһµ˵
ΰٹԴᣬǼҲ̼ˣ֮ŬɾԽԽҲ⼸µ飬û뵽ǱҶȵˡ
Ҷʦܱ⣡
һʶҶ㣬뵽֮ǰʱҶƷɣͲԾЦ
ҶȥɣҶʦܳˣֽһ˳ͻɾĵã
±̼ˣ׼Ҷأںúõֽһ
˷׷׵ͷҶָ㣬ͻɾǳ顣
Ҷͻƣһ䶯ܿƽϢȥʱ䣬ʼƺҲ˲٣ϴβμӰٹԴ֮󣬲ǰҫ
ܵͷϵ׽٣Ҷһץ׵ֱӱս֮Уʼ
ĳ˿֪᲻ᾪһص򣬹ɽ磬ҲֻҶŸô
ĿǰǿЩ׵ȷʵûжΣգȫҶ㣬ϵ׳Լ
䣡
һ׵ҶգԽԽǿ󣬹һ֣춼ףԾ춯ء


1617 Ħ޴
׵һʱҶķѳһ󶴣ԺҲ⣬ȫܲ
׵Ҷ֪Լľǳȹ񵤵ȫ䵽档
𣡡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ㷢һѪ嶼ڲĽԶͻȻ˫ۣ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʲôϢ
ԶЩɵϢ̫ǿˣǿƷɵⲻҶʵһǱҶ
һƷɣҶҲһͷˣţλǡ
˫Ŀһ˳ɱǺˮһϵĳˢܵĿռ䣬һѿ
꺣֮У˾ޱ䣬ͻƵɾһֱǱҶ꺣֮еżѣȫҶǰ
һζλ棬ħɱһΰӰлž޸ÿһ£
ӰҶʶ޸ʩչ似ҶҲʶ߱ʽ
ΰӰҶħߣڸҶħű书Լ߱ʽ
֮Уûн̫࣬˴󲿷ֶǴս֮ĳһζ԰ףζ԰ףҶˣ߽ʲô˭
Ħ޴ְۣɣѾôˣѵϣһֱսȥ𣿡
һʮҵӣ£ֳֳһµı飬ָˣǰ̣Ҫɱֳ־޸Ħ޴ۡ

Ħ޴ͻȻЦеľ޸մȾ˵Ѫ֮ϣȾħȡ
ҵĺͽһ㣬Ȼħ磬Ϊ߱ʦҺްҺ޵ûһ㣬һǡ
Ħ޴۷Ҷ·侳ھĦ޴ۣվľǶ
ֺ⣬۳ŨҵɱҶͷųҶҪɱĦ޴۱ѩޡ
ʹʲôԼ׵
Ħ޴ۣˣ㻹ڸģȻˣݹˣֻܽħȣӴԺҲûĦ޴ۣ
ϣȻĦ޴ۣĸ֣һ𹥻ȵȣһڽĦ޴۱ƵħȣΪ֮ء
£Ħ޴۳䣬ʧħȣҲ֮ʧҶеļ䡣
·̻Ҷ꺣֮һ㣬֮ҶĵףγޣѾתƵҶϡ
Ҷ㷢ģһҪĦ޴۱ѪϴѪծ
ûĦ޴ۣҲûҶĽ죬ҶһҪ𶡷ʵҶ㽫ѹĵס
ǶۼĴڣԺ磬Ҷʵ˼գգ۾Լǧء
ֿɲɱһţ꺣֮еļҲʧҶļ䣬˿̣ҶĦ޴۵ļ䣬׼
һҶ㶼֪˾ħһ㣬˿֪Ħ޴ʧһ̣¶һЦݡ
ŽҿˣҶĽҲˣħȵҲˡ
ڶΪҪ߱ʦҶ㲻һҶʮףʦβԣΪӣˣʦնɱǴ治Ϊ
ɢҶ꺣һɣ·˶ޱ˳ǰ꺣֮УģĶڽ⿪ˡ
뿪䣬ԶվڲԶü֮䣬һ˿ǡ
ǰ
Ҷ飬ĵ׵ĳҷ£Ŭ˵
ϸղʲôΪҸоϢ
Զֱ˵ʵϲĨǣҶǷ˷ô糶ϹϵԶҲͿˡ
ǰ˰ɣҵӦˣôйϵ
Ҷ㵱ȻϣԼ꺣֮е飬黹ûиҶҲĦ޴һ֮ʡ
Ҳм仹кܶ಻ɸ˵ܣϾֻôһ㣬˭˭ûжۡ
Ҷ룬ǶɱʦҶ϶Ħ޴ָԭҶҪ֮󣬵ˣȷѡ
Զûм׷ȥȥҶҲ˵ʵ
ΪҶ̫ܣҶԼڶͿˣԼô£ǣôˡ
ӲС֮Ҷ㷢Լ뵽һ޴Ȧ֮УҪǸԼʲôôĵʮ֮ǰļȥˡ
һжһţҶ㡣
ͻ֮ˬղһɢգã벻ͨ飬ȲҪȥ롣
ɽˣȥҩ԰ϴ˵ͻƵɾһ񡣡
Ҷ㻹飬ҩ԰ϣһɫҶĶˡ
ƷɾܶãŸɷչģЩϣҪ˵ҶܶõģҲֻЩƷɾˡ
һöƷɾԻȡһöƷɾǲ˶һΪƷͨ١
ҩ԰⼸ҩƷǳĺãӽ֮ҩϵĴ֮£ٵ
СӼϣ
ϺžƣҶʮֿʺһ䡣
Ŷ̶£ͻƵɾһڣ
ǰҶҩ԰ϴҶȾƣһ⣬Ҷˣʮָˣеĺ«ӵҶ
ҶҲ«͹˹˵ĺ˼ڡ
ܿ죬Ҷоˣһ˴ӵֱ֮ţ·˶Ҫըˣܣ档
ϣʲôƣ
Ҷʹһȣһ޴Ļ¯Ǳ棬ʹڵֱ
þƣ
ҶʹģЦˣ«
ϥ£Ѩڵ뵤ѨѨ澭صѨȻͻʧ
ͻȻ飬Ҷһȡ
Ҵ⣬Ҷϥ£ڲʧҶҪˡ
˵Ѩڵ뵤ѨѨƺһ٣֮ܿС
̵ҶʣֵˣҶоԼĽ棬һɫʣʮ˵
ҶӲ˼飬˵̹ŮڲϵĸĦǸ壬
һֻֻ޹ǵС֣һϴˢЩʱһɫʸȥ֮ԭûĵطȫͿʣʼת䡣
һҶ㻺˫ۣһĲ֮ɫԼֵһ۹ȫţԼ棬ۡ
СӶлϣ
Ҷ֪ܲ͸ԼһԵˣԵɲԴܻġ
ǸлҴҩ԰ʱĽɣ
ϰ˰֣Ҷ㲻ý⡣
Ҷ̰Ŀĺ«޲ٺһΡ
һξͺˣٺһΣ͸ͨûʲô
Ҷһ̰֮ɫϴͷ


1618 
Ҷһ̰֮ɫϴҶͷ
ǿҩѻҪɼȪˮƶɡ
ҪϴҪЩҩǿ
ΨɾʹãȻҲȵʱ򣬶Һһ֮һþͻС
ǳã꣬ҲǿҶڵȻҪˡ
Сӣǵϴ˵ͻɾһһ񡣡
ղŵֻǸлҶǰЩӰŴҩ԰ڴʱἰ
СӶлˣ
Ҷԭܾ뻹ˣĳͳһͬ죬ƻ֮ϡ
ȥ
ɳһƿҶĴ
һö񵤣԰꣬ҷǳǿ󣬵ǲö񵤣͸
ͷˣҶǳǿȴӲƸҶ̫ļйϵһҡ
ñĦ޴۵ļ䣬ôɱ¾Щ˵ļ䣬Ҷ棬ȥͶѻ
ЩʱͻҶ¾һ
СӶлϣ
Ҷ㹧ʩһ񣬷ģö񵤶Լ̫ˣΪҶȷʵ⡣
ñȲͻƵʱĦ޴۵ļ䣬·ҶԺ֮һҶ㲻ϲָо
˵ļ䣬˵ģֹԼ˼άʱͻᵼҶ񾭴ңѡ
ܶ˾ѣʵԺ滹һˣ൱˫˸ʵԼֻ񾭳˴ҡ
ؿӦõģ㣬Ƭҩ԰һ֪δȥҩ԰ȥɣҪϢˡ
ϰ˰֣Ҷ㲻Ҫ⣬һö񵤶ѣʦȻһЩҶϣϻʮο
С
Ҷ񵤣ͷҩ԰ʼҩ˳ҲһЩ顣
ЩǧɷֵĻ飬ҶѾˣǽĿ׼Щҩ¾ǳĿֲ
ЩҶ֮УҶĶҪ
ǰջ飬ܶ඼޷ΪҶ㾳ƣͻɾܵ鲻ϴܴԪꡣ
æµһ磬Ҷ۵ͷ󺹣Ÿϣ뿪ҩ԰ҩ԰ջ̫ˡ
˵Ҷͻɾڳʼ׶ΣȴﵽһƷɼޣƷɣҲһ֮ңˡ
ͻٶȣ٣ҲֻҶһ˲ռǧ껨кܴĹϵ
ߣȥǼģȻҪŷչⲻöཻѡ
Ҷ㻹ҪţҪཻѣܱȶ༸˺õöࡣ
һվҵ˺ϴΰٹԴҶͷֺЩڣҶһѡ
֪Ҷˣһϱ飬Щڡ
ʦ㣡
ҶʮֿΣĸлûҲûкһϵе飬Ҷ㻹ٹԴᡣ
ʦˣΪʦɾѾʥӼ𡣡
æϣǾƷɣȻͻǳ飬ϾҶѾȵˡ
ҶҲǿЦһҲͣɽΪʦ䣬ֻҪΪˣȻǰ
Ժǽ㺫ɣ㿴Σ
ҶҲ飬ȻԷԼƺΪʦ㣬ֱˣԵ׽
Ҷ㺰Լ֣¶һ˿Ц⣬֤ҶûаԼˡ
ԺҶɣʦʦֵĽţԵ衣
Ҳ˸ı䣬ʦʦܣֻǶһϵĳƺһֱ
˺ܶ࣬ҶҲ˳ָһϣͻɾҶҲûѹˣϾԼ˺
Ҷ㲻˿նϣ飬һ˿ɱҡ֮С
Ҷֱľ˳ϵ˹£ˣ˶֮ͨеٮٮߡ
⣬ǼҲͻɾɾͲ̫ͣǰùϵҶԺķչ
Ҷ֣ľ˰ѾԻϵһ٣رǹ£εҶļ̹ɾ⡣
ҶҲ֪޲ԣ޲һЩĵøǷ
һЩǣԼܵĶҶ㵱Ȼ˵˵Щĵãߺܶ·ˡ
һֱȵ˲Ż˯ȥ

֮ϣׯϳֹ֮ɫô꣬Ԫǵһʮ֡
˵ģϢ
ׯŽԪħʧҲˣĥڿƽϢˡ
㲻ң
Ԫһӣ֮ׯɵҶϵǹϢȫΪۡ
ҵȻ㣬ֻǲףô糶Ϲϵѵĳת
ׯҲͿˣȻҶзϢпһǿߣת˷磬һнյΪ
Ҳô²ģϢģųתĿܡ
Ԫûת񶨡
˼Ǳ棬˵һֱһλǿߣ
ׯҲɵӣһ㼴ͨӽԪĻˡ
пܣ̽˺üΣΣǱǹûг֣ͻɾʱˣ֣ƺԼơ
ԪĻԽԽ࣬ϻһ򿪣޷֡
ȲҪôˣ⼸ҿҪ뿪·һעģĳתż񵽱ˣǣҲԿ츳Ϊһǿߡ
ׯĺܿҶΣŶԿһĸӹɵġ
Ҫȥȸ򣿡
ׯҪ뿪Ԫüͷһ壬ƺµׯҪʲô
ûʮһȵķʼϽףһҪһǵҫ
˵ĴٰͬģϽŵףΪһЦһЩţ˦
ʧȥȥҲǰ״
Ԫε˵һ䣬ûȥҲǰȥڳһ
겻ãΪһš
ׯһЦʮȥˣ˻ܣǽ겻ͬ׼һǰ
ףˣѾ鵽һЩϴη֮󣬲ֹʼڵ˵Ƿ¥һص˷ڣ˻ʼڵǰ档
Ƿ¥Ƿǰ֮أ֮󣬷ķѣǷ¥Ϯ
ӴԺ󣬷һ겻Ҳ䵽ֵزš
˭
һ˴Ƿ¥ׯ¶һ˿Ũɱ
ʧȥžʧȥ˸Ҫٽһǳѡ
һȸţ
Ԫʮֿ϶˵ɽ磬ĿɲֹһңֻűȽ


1619 
˫ۣҶԴȵе࣬ڴ˯΢΢һЦת뿪
ϴʦ˵ͻɾҪָһᵽˣ
ׯʦҶ㻹Σ罹ԪָĶ࣬Ծǹͷ⡣
ƺׯ֪ҶҪһ͵Ⱥڴˡ
Ӳμʦ
ҶƲƲ죬ʦȻûаԼʲôҶ㻹˴
ضûˣͲüˣ
ׯʶв鿴һҶ㾳ȹ̣ûвͻ֮鸡·ͻ˼֮ãҲǰ档

ҶվֱӣûôԼվһԡ
ңǲҪõҵָ㣿
ׯһ۾ͿҶ˼һλʦָ㣬֪Ҫ߶·
ʦ
Ҷһ󸹷̣˼˵֪֪ʣ˵Ҳĸˣʦһûо
㻹ڹң⼸ûշ㡣
Ҷһڵı飬ׯҲ⣬뵽ˡ
Ӳң
Ҷ飬Ȼô룬ϻ¶һ𾴵ӡ
һʼҾָ㣬Ϊôﵽɾ𣿡
ׯʵֵҶƻˡ
Ϊ˵ûһʼׯҶ˩Լߣҹָ㣬ȻΪͻͽҪͻɾôס
ֻвϵȥ򾳽磬̤̤ʵʵȥָ㣬վǳ֮ơ
ˣȻˣӦ飬Ȼ
Ҷ㲻˵ˣׯȻһЦҶԼߣܿһ԰һƬԴׯ֮⣬κ˲̤롣
ҶҲǵһû뵽֮ϣһľ֮ء
ҵĵãţмİʲô⣬Ҳҡ
Ϊָ㣬ܰͰ࣬Ҫ˶죬ׯĶһʺҶ㡣ҶĶׯĵδؾͺʣǲһЩ򣬻Ƿǳôġ
лʦ
ӹĵãҶʮָмƼ¼ⱾĵãҶԺҪ߲·ˡ
Ҷʣʶ֪ʶ֪ʶȵȣзһҶȫἰ
ׯƺ֪ģ֪ҶҲ֪޲޲Խ̸ԽͶ˿֪ɫѺڣڴϥ̸
һ֮һֻͨӣٲһӱ˴ϣվ顣
ҶһЩļ⣬ׯкܴʵԵĸı䣬ͻ
Ժĵ·ϣԿԲοׯڿٳһ·ӣׯԽԽϲ
ˣ͵˽̫ĶңȽЩ֮˵
ɫׯͻȻҶ㣬ҪȥܶණΪˣȻˡ
øԶ֪̫࣬ԼУԲһı仯
лʦ
ҶһһǷģһ̸֪ׯһ󺣣ɲ⣬Լȣͺñȴ֮еһСϺס
ҲСʱˣʦȷʵְʲôҪ󣬾ɣֻҪ㡣
ׯǸоǷҶ̫࣬ҶҪ󣬲ԴֻҪܼܰ
ӻмҪʦæ
Ҷ˴֣ǰȷмҪ飬Ҫׯְ
˵ɣ
˵ҶûУׯž֡
ϣʦڵȻҲƳЧ϶á
Ҷԭ㣬ȴﵽƷɵʱ򣬾Ȼʦô˵Ҷ·ˡ
ð죬ıóɣ
ׯΪʲôֵҪԭ˼򵥡
˵ǸԷˮһ򵥣Ȼڻ¡
ǾͶлʦˣ
Ҷ¶һ˿Цɱ¾֮а˱˳
ԭҶϵĲϣֻһȻׯӦˣб˲ռɵӡ
óһЩϣֻһʱׯ֪Լϵˣǻ¶Ц⡣
һɨЩ϶ׯˣɱ¾֮һʧ
֮ʰһ£Ҫ뿪򣬵ʱȻỹ㣬ȥ׼һ°ɡ
ׯ飬ҶϴȥԴϧֻϣҶܾĳɳǵһλ
Ҫ뿪򣿡
Ҷһã֮ɫȻ뷨ȥߣô뿪Ҷ㻹ûʲô׼
û֮Ǿͳѵ㻹ʲôûȥ
ҶһãȻ֮ɫׯʵ
ûУͻȥʰ
Ҷ˷ܵ뿪ȥ磬Ҷһֱ׷ģֻҸ̫ˡ
˵꣬ҶವһʧԭأϾˣϲ磬ϲȥ
Ҷʵ䣬Ҳʮ꣬䣬ɽ缸ӤһĴڡ
൱ҶɽˣһµȻɽط
Ҷʮֿĵ뿪ׯҡҡͷת뿪صԼĶ׼Ҷȥˡ
ңɱ¾֮˳ׯ¶һ˿Ц⡣
е˼СС龹Ȼɳ˵ز
ׯһ۾Ϳˣɱ¾֮溬飬ҸҶϵͬһ㡣
ҿɲСС飬뵱ǰĴڡ
ׯƲĽ̲סˣȻ䣬ȻһŸ߰ģ𣬵֪նɱ˶١
Ŷ㵹˵˵ôһСС飬ôҶߵһ𡣡
ׯ¶һ˿аЦȻĿĴﵽˣǴ̼ĽףҪ˽ҶĹȥ
Ҳ˵ûҶҲй¶Ϣ
Ľ֪ϵˣ̼ڲԭׯ׳Ҷ֮ա
ǽԪׯҲҶȻҶϢׯŴ˽һ
ģֻ֪֪Ҷ㲻ֻ֪Ҫ˵ҶöʯҾ͸ˡ
Ҳֻ֪вʯлɳΪĵزܲɳ͵յɡ
ׯóһöֵʯͷ澹ȻƲȷһöʯȻСԸıɱ¾֮ƷʣлΪĴڡ
˵ĿϽʯںϣ
ȻĽ׶ˡ
ģһЩصĶҲǿ㣬Ҷӷʵ֪ԼҲֻ֪ǺѣöʯҲûãҵѣ͸ˡ
ׯȻĽ̸۵ܣҲѹ֣ϾĽǰز绹ׯ֮ϡ
ðɣ
Ľ׳˼һ£Ϊûʲô˵ģҶ綼֪ɽ绹СˣһҶȻڴǰ
ܿ죬Ľ׽Ҷڷһһʮ˵ܶط˵ĻɫҪҶٻҪʡ
ׯΪʵߣҶڷ֣ׯ۹ԽԽӣǶһϵ
ҶеˣڿԽʯں˰ɡ
ĽʮּȵĿʯһ̰֮ɫ
Ȼ˵㻰
ׯһڷҶףеģʼɣҶǻʼģֿܻųˡ


1620 
صѪ壬Ҷһ񵤣Ҳҵ֡
ù񵤣ûôһˮɵ顣
ȫһ̣ҶоԼˬ·ϴһ裬ޱȵˬ

һʱ䣬Ҷһ·ǰЩһ˲ʧڶ⣬һЩ仯
ı仯ʣϬ˿ˣ˿̵Ҷ㣬һ̤ɽͷ࣬峺һ˿Ĳ
öȥҺںܶԺ󻹵öϸùϵܸ㵽öĺõҩ
Ҷ¶Цݣϣܸ㵽õҩ
֪Ҷ㻹뷨ϻ᲻ҪѪһö񵤣ģֺõҩÿ궼ơ
Ϣʱ䣬Ϥһ´⣬ܿ쵽֮ڡ
ƺԪ֪ҶҪ뿪һ㣬峿Ԫһͳˡ
Ҫ뿪򣿡
Ԫֱ˵ʵȻ֪һ䡣
Ҫ뿪һʱ䣡
ҶûԪ֪ҶҲϡ棬Ʒ߹űԼ߹·Ҫࡣ
γȥܴóɼһɱ㡣
Ԫһ仰ʧҶɶͷԣȫԪˡ
в
Ҷֻ֣ԪвҲûᡣ
ҩ𣿡
ԪͻȻֳˣûҶҧгݡ

ֵҶ㷢ŭˣһȣವһʧԭأԪԭء
ҪɱԼҶѾ˰ˣˬһѡ
Ԫû׷ҶһĲŷղȻˬˣһԪķŭԼɱˣǵòʧ
Ѫ壬ҶֱׯӣҲ뿪ӣҶһͷɳȥˣ޲ھ뿪
ɽׯѾȺҶ㵽ׯЦԽԽŨ
ׯԼЦҶֱëЦݱƺ̫Ķ
ˣ
ׯʮֿʵҶ˫һׯ«ʲôҩ
ʦ
Ҷ㻹ʮֹʩһڡ
ؿҪĶѾƺˡ
ׯɳ⣬Ҷǰɱ¾֮а˱
ֽӹһסɱ¾֮һŰ˱ֻâɣ·֮⡣
úúã
ҶʶԼҶûмȫͲһȼﵽƷ
ҶĿǰˮ׼ƳƷǼޣҲҶΪγٳٲƵԭ
Ҷֻ֣ׯƲƲ죬Ϊׯϱ˴ĲϣЩϣƻı
СӣǴˣҸʯǳ顣
Ľ׵Ҷ꺣֮ʮ˷ܣνǳĴ
Ӷлʦ𣡡
Ľ˷ܵ飬Ҷ֪ԼռˣҪƷԼǵԴԶԶġ
²˳٣ǳɣ
ׯ˵ͷЩԴȻ󣬵ǶһĲˣҲǺ⣬ֻһʯȷǱ
һҶ˲ʧԭأͻɾ֮Ҷ㻹ûüӦУͱׯˣһ
ʱ䣬֮⣬ׯһףҶ˵ϡ
ʦҪȥﰡ
Ҷʮֺ棬ׯʵޱȾ޴󣬾ɾҲ÷һ֮á
ȸ򣡡
ׯûҪҶȥȸڱߣǳңԶ·ҲҪʮʱ䡣
ȥȸʲô
Ҷ㻹Ǻ棬·ׯıװһ֮Ǳһͨˣһ˿Ϣ绹Ҷ֮£Ҷֱð亹
Ϊһͨˣһ֪ôġ
ȥ˾֪ˣڲʣҵʮֺ棬ڷôһ۷ġ
ׯЦеĿҶ㣬ҶͻȻһΣˤ
ϰףҹ
ҶͻȻһȣԼڷ飬ϰ֮⣬ֻС֪ˣС׻ûΣȻܸˣֻһֿܣǾϰס
ǸǸҲǱƵġ
ϰ׳ˣΪһСˣվҶϣһ޹֮ɫ
鲻ұ˵ģӷ飬֪ˡ
ׯҶ㣬Ҫϰף˭Լյĳɷ档
Ȼ㶼֪ˣαڶһʡ
ҶܲģѹһϼׯԼ¶ǹЦݡ
ׯҲ˺ܿ·Ҳż˾ͼϢһϢˣи·
Ҷ㣬зڵĴ𣿡
֮ϣׯ¶Ũ֮ɫִҲˣһ˵绹зڡ
ûȷзڴڣ֮ѡţҲܵڵС
ȻԷ֪ˣҶҲûȥҲƽׯΪԼô࣬һöʯ˵ҶǷ̫ࡣ
ŵǰڼǰȥˣɡ
ׯ˼һ£Ų²Ҳȷ
һ·˵һЩ飬ׯûм׷ȥ˺ܶȤ£ҶʮָȤ
ǰǷɣǣȥϢһ죬·
ǰһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ڴ󺣱Եһ޴ĳУǷɣǣǺܴ󣬱ҶĳǳضҪ
˵ɣҶ˵ǰҲзɣ֪ķɣûйϵ
ܿҡҡͷʮǧһڵһɽ磬ôܻΪһ̸
˻Ϊһǣ˵ϣž޴ķɣǣҶԭأΪĿ˷ɣĻ
Ҷ㣬ôˣ
ׯҶ㷢㶣Դ
ûûʲô
ɣҶǵŮǣһָϧҶûܴ㵽½ҪǸһ֣ƶۡ
뵽ЩҶ¶Ц
ҶЦݣׯһ񺮣Ц̫ˣһҶһЩĶ
ߣ
ׯһȣҶ˼ŻصԼ壬ȥﻹ룬Ҳһ֮
Ҳֻ룬Ҷ㻹˳̶ȡ
̤ǣһŨŨķɣϢС¥ŷƵӣϸ輧ڽϻص
УҪ£ֻϢһ͵𣿡
ׯһ䣬Ȼ£Ͼ⣬СΪƷɽҲ޵еĴڡ
ɽغܶϹŶڣҾƷҲŵȣһ벽ׯҪ·
ף
Ҷ㻹һ̵ܽģ˲ңҲˣҶһֱΪ˴Ȼ¡
ׯǱȽϷģҶҪͬǿ󣬿Ǵӷɳϧ
ҵһ¥Ҫ䣬ҪһЩʳ˿˫Ǹӹϵ


1621 
ҶڳʳܣЩ輧ʮ¶ǵ赸ܲ˷кá
Щ赸͸һ죬·Ļ꣬˻겻ᣬҪݽȥһ㡣
ǷɣǶеһĸı̬ǡ
Ҷ¶ģׯһҶԴߴ輧֮˳

ҶҲһľԼ㹻ǿ󣬻ǱԷ赸Լǲ
ҪСģҾýɣЩ
ׯͻȻüͷһ壬оЩ죬ӽǿʼ˵٣·ٴһ㡣
Ҷŷ֣ܲ˶ŲĿ⣬˴ѵдҪɡ
ʦʲô𣿡
Ҷ㷴˷ʦڣʲôһ·ΨһµľǼįЩֿɿǲŲС
һ·һľͷһ·Ҷ㻹ԼһЩţϢѰҲʮ־
ҷ˺üϢ
ׯüͷԽԽɽ߶߶Ҳüһ֣͸Ź졣
أǹ·극˯һ·
ҶڿԣҲׯûзҶ㲻Ҵҳ꣬ܿˣصԵķ䡣
ʦϢɣ
ҶϷţص֮󣬿ʼϥ£ÿʱ
ˮۣˣҶ֪
ɫһ㰵ֵҲƽ·ʲôҲûзǲٺӰζܿʧڷɣǡ
˫ۣ˸һ⣬ҶվӣҲһ׽£򿪴һΣʧԭء
վݶϣʧӰҶѡ˷֮˲仯ΪһӰ֮ʧ
յʱ䣬Ҷ뿪˷ɣǣһ޼ʵĴ֮ϣΪɾҶԷУʩչʹ֮˼ʡ
֮ϣ˺ܶӰ׷׳ͬһȥѵ֮ʲôﲻɣ
ҶûҿǰĴ󲿷ֶɾ٣ֻһС֣һƷռݶ
ƷƷҲ٣ƷѼƷֻһҡ
ܿ죬Ҷ㿴һϤӰׯȻҲˣڰǱҶ㷢
ʦһΪܳסء
ҶЦʦҪ£Լȴ˳ҲǺʹ
Բ֮ҹһ֣ôΪ顣
Ҷ㲻ԶмС̸ȻСǴҶ
ޣ
Ҷ㰵ľ޷ǳǿ󣬶֮У༫Ѳ׽õֻеԲ֮ҹܸˮ棬¾
ޣѾϹʱϡƷ֣治ϹʱڵϢ飬ϡ١
ÿ涼飬ǽȫۼڴˣ϶ˣ޵棬һĴڡ
ޣž粻յ¾ԽԽ࣬Ҫޣһö飬ٷܶꡣ
ʮִɾգƼ궼ղꡣ
ѹֻôһǰٷܶʱ䣬Ƕ˵롣
ҶףԭǶǱз򣬾ԻΪ֮
ôҪõ鲻ôףֻΪˡ
ҶЦһʮһԼٸأ飬ֱǿЦ֮
Ҷ׷
֪ҲͰˣȻ֪Ҷʹһԡ
ҪüıС
ںףȻӺˮѹǽ϶ᱻ޹ںףǵĵ̣ռˡ
ںܹ޻һʱ˵ףô϶;ʹգ뺣ףԼĻˣԻˮ㡣
Ҷ˵ԶⱻԽԶԽá
ʱһһĹȥһĥ̴СҫգһӰͶںϡ
ҹƽ˾ϻгȺι˿оһǿΣڿ
ЩֲܣȫϢȺҲеǹƥվӪ͵޵ĳˡ
ͻȻ֮䣡
ϵ˲ʧһɶ·ʲôΣյ鷢ŵЩ׷ס
ҶһҲʩչۣ֮͸֮£һޱӴޣһ㸡ˮ档
̫ˣƽҹһҵս
Ҷ˳վǧ֮⣬֮ۿž޴޾ˮԽԽ
ս˵ǧӰҲһܻء
ԶЩɾվڰ֮⣬ҶͬĿ⣬һᷢսȻܱܿĲ϶޷ܿ޵ĳ
Ҷûȥǣһ˾ԼͶһֻᣬҸûκν

ˮϿʼðһݣˮܵǿѹγôݡ
ˣ
ͻȻһϳһ޴ԴһСֻһСԴûΣա
ܼž޳޵Դһ̽޴Ų񷣬˼һĻˡ
޵³һöȭͷСɫӣƯ޵ͷ֮ϡ
ӹ֣ϵĴ·ֽһɫʣΪһߣȻû뵽֮С
ڿʼ¾ˣ뵽֮У׳
Ҷֱ治ͷ޵ľ磬ֻܲ³һģƷƷ
ƷֻܶԸˣƷ޷ƷٶҲС
Ϊ˼ٰʱ䣬Щˣðһԡ
ʵҶ㻹֪մȫһȼ𶼲⣬ջ˭̵ס
ڣܰһ磬Ƕţˣ˼ǧ궼һ硣
ͷһǧľҪҶĻҪá
ڼٵתЩ߽֮âԽԽʢԼӰ
ڲ˽ӺľҪγ̬֮γ磬޾Ʒͷǳӽˡ
֣
һյʱ䣬̲סˣһҪ˻غ飬ͷǳˡ
˴ͷʮһֵ֣⣬ɽ׷ݻɾ޴ƣץ˹ȥ
ͻȻðô࣬޷һŭſ޿ڣҧ˹ȥ׼ɵ档
ϧܸᣬЩ˷ԲһöεĴֱ֣ӽɨɳȥ뿪ޣƯʮ֮⡣
𣡡
һŭˣ޷һ㴫ǧ֮⡣
ҶվԶöĤѪվڰ֮ɾǲ⣬׷׵亣ף㸹


1622 
Щɾû⣬󲿷㸹
ֻмټˣﵽ˾Ʒɣһ٣׷˵أҲҶڶ
սһ޵һ㸡ֳҶ˫Ŀϴȫţ޵м׳ҡ
⻹Ȳƻ쵽֮УӴޣǾƷҲ˵֮նɱ
ҷɣʮһ˭Ҳ˭ڼ޲ϵĳһɳȥ
Ҷ㿴ǵսľսѳأˮʼγκˣЩȥ
Ҷʶׯûж֣ڹۿЩһƷƷȳ֣ռȻ
һƷҲ׵˺ѿռ䣬ʱգܿǰ

ͻȻ˳֣һɫƷҪһֱӱƷɳȥ
û뵽Ҳˣ
Զ˷֮һŮƷʵһ𣬷ǳǿ
˳ȥˣһݵĴƣץ˹ȥ
Ҫ飬ͬͬ⣡
һͷӳˣֳַһɨǿֱײٴɣ뿪ķΧ֮ڡ
ͷӣ㾹ȻҸ飡
֣۴УҪֵ飬ȻƷɳȥٴս
ϵɨ䣬ÿһκϮЩ׷˱ܣҸԿ
ȱ˶лᣬʲôʱΪǺ۵ˡ
ͷӷһЦٴһһ㣬ץ˹ȥ
ٶ죬գۼĹ򣬾ʮ֮⡣
¡¡
Ȼ֮䣬һޱȾ޴ĺ˳֣ʮѹͬһˮ֮ռѿҲŭˡ
Щͼս׷׳ԶӱܣжԶԶƷޣһ˾һƷ

һƷֱܲӱû峹ʧ˾ߡ
Ҷ㿴ǵսľԭҲǲ
޷ŭЩͼ˺ܶ࣬ڿֻһЩ߼ڳ֣顣
ش󣬲ϵıɣ˭Ҳ޷飬ĿɨǣҪЩࡣ
ҲҪ໥ɱˣɱ飬ڹϷΣ
飬໥ȥһˮף޷Ӷˣõİ취նɱޣ顣
ãһնɱޣڹϷ飡
ͬҪǻսȥ϶ֲôһоƷ
ֻһ𣬲л顣
ܿ죬ʮ۳ɺһ𹥻ޡ
ııģ
һϢڳ֣ǿĹԴ棬Ѫܣϣ˿ڡ
һҶ㾲ĿţǿĳһνһγҶһˡ
Ʒǻڵȡ
ҶϸϸĹ۲죬ׯ֮⣬ƷһֱڰУûв
ڼʮ˵ļл֮£޽ڽڰˣһֱƯǰ治Զûȥ
𣡡
һ𣬿ɲϢɢȥܺˮʼ¶ڼ
ãҪ츳ͨˡ
˴һٺˣǰƷ磬ֻоƷѹƣܶƷȥҲֻܰװ
Ʒ޶ԣǸԸ⿴Խ࣬û˸ˡ
һ˲䣬Ҷ㶼գۣһɲĺڶ֣ǿ֮ҪԼľħǿʮ
ˡ
Ҷվǧ֮⣬ǿǳˣ岻ǰߣҪڶɵ
ЩĽҪѾˣ岻Լƣһ㱻קڶ֮Уֲޱȡ
⻹ԶԶûнڶԽԽޱ̼ˣԴ󷢣һ¶ˮ棬֮棬һƬһʯ
һʧΪ޵ĸʳҶӶҪɳ֮ϣѷ޾ĺˣڵסҶߡ
־ʱ䣬Ҷ壬ǰŲһǧףŵæٴκˣνɴܣˡ
ϣ˶ʲô飬ԶԶҿⱻǿ˺֮ק֮С
ղŻʮת֮䣬ֻʣʮˣʮ˱ɵˣ󲿷ֶһƷɽȱľֵͼһץһѡ
ʣʮˣһʧ룬Ҳֻʣºˣһ˱ɵͷӣĳˣһֻʧ޳Եˡ
ûвζ鿿׼̽ڳ뺣ס
ڴʱǱڰеľƷˡ
ڵȣ޸Щͬھʱڳ֡
ϧӽʮһȺ˵Ͽޣնɱһ룬˲ͻȻ֡
Ϊʧʧٲ֣޳뺣ףֻ̾ˡ
ͻȻֵƷ޸ܵΣһȣࡣ
ʧȥ飬Ϊᵹǧ꣬һжҪ¿ʼпܵ䵽һƷ
󣬳һƣ
ԼݣýƸǣò
Ҷ֪ׯϵ·װΣҲҶ϶
˾Ʒ֮󣬶ͷˣҪ֪һһö飬ȥ϶ˡ
һ·һһ׳ĺˮƺзļ󣬿ֲ֮
ش
Ҷ㿴Ŀѣ룬սԼ벻ȥս򶼲ҿ
ׯʩչϲ֣֮ݻ֮ĨȥԭеĹ켣ǱҶһϳ
Լϲ֣֮ׯȣֱһϣһ£ȫᲢۡ
ııġ
һѵ֣ͬɽХˮϵĳӿȥ
վںߵһЩˣͱˮߣ뺣ס
꣡
޵һֻ۱ϣѪȾ˺ˮһЩǿ׷׳֣ʼࡣ
Ѫ̼񾭣ҪػǵĻߣɱ
ϧڶ㣬Ҳ赲ƷĽŲٴγ֣ϵ˿ԽԽࡣ
ȻҲ鿿Щͬʯһۼףһѿ
˿ɲĹҪϣһҲ޵壬ֻ˺㡣
һ֮ˣɣңԶֱҶһ⽣̫ϬˣǿĿԽһΪ
ݣ
£һֻʧѪǺˮһм׸ҡ
ԶԶȥһѪɫѪֱȾ˲ϵĴ£Եޱȵ졣


1623 ð
ޱѪȱ޵ǧٿףַ
Ǳ޵ҲǱ֮еĹǽĲϣʮϡ١
ҪܼƣƳܶҩ
ܿʧҶĿסϢȻׯ֮ϣʮֵĿɲ޴󲿷ƣĳɡ
Ĵˣ޷ʹĺУ岻ϵζˮϵײȥ
䣡
һĻ֣ˮ࣬ˮ񷣬൱ںˮ˴ӵײƷ˹㣬Ӻˮ֮зɳ
ԶЩͼɵˣʵɽ缫ˣȥƬƶҪ򴩡
Ҵ⣬һƴŸͬھ
ҶͻȻһ䣬뺣ˮ֮Уˮף͸ۣ֮ǵս
ˮԪʩչͬһҶһſ˫ʤֳܷܿ
ǡ
ռһѿܲסˮѹȣԺʮȻһޱƵ˳ȥ
ô˿յһˣһţҧסֱӳ뺣ף޵壬һ㳯ˮȥ
Ȼƭˣ
˴ŭΪҪͬھԭǣԼĳ񣬳ûߣȳ뺣˵
βŭƷޣһƷҪ˱ᣬϾ˲һģҪ֣ȫԸ
͸ڳᣬɼΪҪһڳǧ֮һʱ
ɣ
ַƳ֣֯һ޾ĸǳŭˣʱһõôˡ
ͬ籩꣬Ǻŭһһ𣬿˵Ǿ춯أʮܲõ
ɣǣѾһţˮʼǣѾƽ棬û˳УӴܣܡ
ˮλԽԽߣһַѾˣ籩ĺХʵСߣֱںˮ֮С
⻪һ޵ϣһЩȫը޵ķѣܶطѪ졣
һҶ㶼˿ںףˮԴһ䣬ǧ׾룬ۣ֮סǰһͷ㡣
ǿƷɼҶҪɱ췽ҹ̷ںҶǻã
Ϊ飬ҶȥˣһõԺõԴˣ꣬ҪɾάԼ
֪ͻȻס壬¶֮ɫſھͳҶҧ˹׼ԵҶ㡣
ϰףСľͿǵˣΪ˽Ҷȥɣ
Ҷɱ¾֮˱ˮľ궼˳ɰڴһ٣ҶûأΪսҪˡ
Ĺ£ˣˮܵ磬Ҷ֮һĻᡣ
ۣ֮ͻȻͷ㻹֪ʲô飬оһã
Ҫ֮ܶ࣬ۺܿ͸ȣɥʧж
˱ͻȻѹ岻ܶˮľס֣ɱ¾֮һɨƿһöɫӳˡ
գ
һжڵʯ֮䣬ֻ֮һʱ䣬ǻָһŭſڳҶҧȥ

ԸƷ㣬Ҷֲɵӣ͵Ϯһӣղܳɹ߳
ȱһҶ㶼ᱻɱرǴں׼ֱˮҪ½ǿһࡣ
£һһڿζҶ뾡һа취ҲҪͷ㣬ϵսӽβ
شһǱˮףҪָܻˡ
ʧ໥һۣһԾ뺣֮УѰȥˡ
ҶͻȻоâڱ֮֮ȥӰӳˡ
ã
Ҷ㰵һ޵սˣ׼֮УѰ顣
ԼķѾһŵõ飬֪϶ᱻɱ顣
Ʒ飬Ҷ㴿ǽңһʼʹˣûˮľİû֮۵ĸûдĿƣҶܳɹ
սҶֻܶԸƷɣƷƾпܾˡ
ͻȻΪһǣʧںףܵǿϢҲŵûɢŲ·ﻹȥ˼Ҷ㡣
ʶε㣬ζܣ޷׷
Ҷ㷴ֱ֮ӳ뺣Ǻ֮࣬һԽһƬ棬ڽ֮У˲ʧ
֮䣬ס㣬ղŵڣһʱ䣬㲻ܽתơ
ɱ
һƽ˸ֱķѣֵˣǲûз顣
ʶһֱ㣬ܱ˽ȵǣܻڸ
˲ಣ
ֳֳһȣǿɱں׿ʼѰңǷ˾ţ֮Żޣȴ˼˱ˡ
ûղҿһӰһţ
ŷղǱ뺣׵ʱȷʵкˮΪҶںףǲδ塣
һǿʶɨȥԲͱɨһ飬һ罸ʯ޷˵ʶ
ⲻܣȻǾƷҲôʧ
ΨһһŮŲ֮ɫȻǾƷҲܴƤ³ʧ
˻ǲģʶѰ棬һ飬֮⣬ûϢƺȫˡ
ˣ龹Ȼƾʧ
Էɧܲǳȴȫ˱ˡ
ѵ鱻תˣ
ׯɻ֮ɫ˵˴Ƥ͵飬˵ǣׯҲţΨһֿܣ޽ҴҲû顣
ܣһֱǽ֣ҵʶһֱ㣬ܱ滻ֻһֿܣǵǰ档
˴˶ʶں֮УǲϷ
ûпǿߣ
һֱû˵һͻȻ˵
ͻȻĬҪǿ֣߳пܣΪһö֡
ˣȻʧˣǷɣǣҾͲţҲ
ֳֳһͻȻˮ棬һ䣬ʧǰɣǣ׼
ֻҪϢһй¶ܸӦõ·ڴָҲ⡣
˷׷׵ͷϢأֻҪ֣ǶܸӦõҲ١
һʧ׺ָܿƽЩ׷׳֣ںȥ·ʲôҲûзһ
ֻһ۵࣬ںףʱһһĹȥҶ֮Уʶй¶
̫ˣһʦȫԼ
Ҷظһ֮ɫԸƷ㣬ҶðΪƷƤԣ·


1624 Ұ
ΪҶС໹ֱ̫̼ͨͨˣƷվɽ۷塣
ʳѰ·
һֱ֮дҶ㶼ûг֣Ƭ򣬿϶ǿֻҪԼһ֣϶ᱻ
ջ֮УׯһϣûҶӰӣʮֽƿҶķ䣬һûд򶷵ĺۼ
Сӵܵȥˣ
ׯʮҶ㣬𵽴ܣ׻ܵûӰˡ
֮£ׯֻüڿջҶʶɨɣǣȻûҶ
߰˵ǿʶڷɣϿɨ䣬Ѱ䣬˭õֻҪڷɣǣ޷ӹǵʶ
飬ҶԪʼһϢ˳Ҷֱۣ֮С
̫ɲˣҶֻ֮һͱű˲ӯ
ѹǰðᣬǱ
սħҶ㲻ģֻзھħŸ֪Ҷʱ޿̵ա
ܺãö飬ͻƷӦϣˡ
ҶţֻҪϻۣͻƷɣǳ飬һ죬ԼҲﵽӴЦɽ硣
Сף
Ҷ㲻ҳ֣Ƭ򣬱ˣֻҪ˴Ӻð϶ᱻնɱ
磬ң
С׻δΣմﵽƷɵĵزһֱڸ֮
һȥ뿪ףͨģɣǡ
ã
С׵˵Դվ֮Уһ仯ȻһģҶһ
һЩͨİϷһҲı̬
Ҷһ֮ɫСЩ⣬ǺĿռޣеģȣЩ𣬵ɱЩˡ
ֻɨϢϢֱӷСױޣûϢ㲻ģҲϵһ𣬿СײƷɣСĿ
౻С̽˶棬ҡڵĳȥһֱƻ裬εߡ
ڣСͻȻҵһεĵط˰һɫСӣವһʧԭء
ջ֮УׯȹϵϣתǲҶӰӣȸݲһأҶǺţʲô̡
ׯͷöʱһɫӰջ棬˿û˲Ǵռǰ
뷿䣬СײŽ˳Ҷ߳һС׻صմﵽɾ
ˣ
ҶׯţܿнŲŴ򿪣ׯһ֮ɫ
Сӣܵȥˡ
ׯҶԴ˼ԹGӣ죬ҶɵЦȻԼۿһʢ硣
ⳡʢɽɲȻҲɿԹۿԲƶᱻһա
㲻ڣͳȥ˼˭֪ȶˣھ¥˯һ
ҶұһɣׯڣԼռ
û¾ͺãʰʰҹ·
ׯڷɣǴȥҪҶҹ·ȸ
ʦǸʲôôż
Ҷһ㶣ԼջҪ·ѵͲϢһ
Ѿһˣڵˡ
ׯûнͣҶ뿪ջɣȥߵʮִæ
Ҷ˵Ļᣬ֮뿪ɣǣҪ׼ߣǼ
ߣ
оϢׯ¶һ˿Ũ֮ɫһֱ˺ѿռ䣬ǿд
ׯɣǣôȫ뿪𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬һһڵӰסׯĽŲ
֮£ׯҶ㣬֮˳գǰӰ֣·ʱûһ㡣
ӰԶ˹һһŮ䲻󣬸Ҷ࣬£Ʒҡ
ʦ𣡡
һһŮʩһеĳÿΣŮĳƯŮҶ㾹ȻǰAV˾ǻѵһŮǡ
Ұɣסʲô˼
ׯˣüͷһ壬Ȼʶˡ
ûʲô˼ֻҪѣ
ҰɻɢϢȻҲǾƷʵׯ¡
ҶĬĬվһԣѵ֮ǰʲôԹɣ
֮ССսΣȻңαȥ
ׯϣⳡԹϾҪ뵢̫á

֣Ұ¶ȵЦ⡣
µӣɱżѣͲŵİΧ֮£˵ô㣬Ȼ˷ɣǣȻҪ
ҰԽԽ䣬ԭµӸŵĶԹݱӣ˫ǽ˳Թ
Ұɣôߣ˭˭һĿȻǷɣǻǿ˰͵ϮǷ¥ɱҲ
˵£ׯҲ¶ŭ⣬ԭǷɣ˰Ǳţûȡʱŵ˭֪ųϷ֡
⼸ǱķɣǵɱżӣձųϻС
ΪˣɣҰʮŭиׯս˼Σʤ
Ҳ֪ΪΣׯ·ɣǣѾݣҲûй¶ϢǱҰɷˡ
ɱҷɣǵˣ·һ˭Ҳԣɣ
ҰѹͲҶǰһûеɽΨһİ취ɱǡ
Ҷ㣬ԼԼ
ҰһԼǰׯһɨҶ˳ȥսɾ岻֡
ʦСģ
ҶҰɲ򵥣ʦСһЩ﷭
˳һˣǧ֮⣬һһŮԶ
ҶƺׯΪʦһһŮ촽һҶΧ
ԭҶ㲻֣ϾһĶԹԼ룬ԷôˣֻҪŵĵӣɱ
ʦãȻɱׯǸϻ쵰ɱĵҲʦ𱨳ˡ
˵һǵҶ㣬ʱ׼ҶԵ
ʦԼǣɱׯĵӣʦһܸˣ
ŮҲЦЦҶƤŮ棬һ˿Ȼ֮⣬ҪҶھ¥Щ輧֪ǿٱ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ܱƷΪӣ츳ͬһ㣬˺Ȼ֮ӡ
ŮǶƷɣʵʱù㣬ΪҶûиƷɽ֡
ƷɣӦҲǲͻƲãҲʮ꣬ͣɽͻƵɾȷʵ׿Խ
ԶׯҰɵսѾ˰ȻĽ׶ΣѾΣԱ˴ʮ˽⣬Ҫ׻֣ܶǳѡ
СӣԹԵĹǰǻῼһ㡣
¶Цݣһֻӣһƽʱ;Űˡ
Ůһӣɢɺ֮ɫӣҶ㾹Ȼһ񺮣ڿ˿Ů棬ڱһӣҶƺˡ


1625 սƷ
һűŰһŰҶ˵ۡ
κν磬ɣմϱߣûʲôˣһȺޡ
Ҷŭһ䣬ɼ֮࣬硣
СӣȻҾͳȫ㣬һ㳢ѧһελϣһ
ӽƽƣŮӽдӣ˴СͱҰһ𳤴һȻһǸʡһǧ֣вԡ
˵ŰĶԵǣҲֻǷɣǣĵ˶ķ
ҶˣɱһɳɱҶͷųɱ¾֮ˣ𣬶һƷ
ҶƽƸд໥һۣЩ죬ҶһССһƷɣȻ˸߼
ɱ
飬Ǳ߳սһСսһɱ¾ֱ֮ײԴʩչ֮ʩչ뾡¡
Ҷֵһ̣ƽȳˣгһ趯ҲһȻûҶĸߡ
һⳤ֮²֪жꡣ
˶µϢҶסŻ£ɱ¾֮һɨסƽƵĳޡ
ϣ
һĽ˫Ժһдӣûг֣ΪʦһˣɾնɱҶ㣬Ͼ硣
鲢ˣ˫һ֣̽һҶ㲢ռ·磬ֻǸоֱЩ飬סƷһ
Ҷ㰲ȻƽҲһ㶣û뵽Ҷʵǿô򵥣ССһƷɣȻֵܵԼһ
е˼
ƽƲΪҶ΢΢ǿһЩҪһƷǿԼȻѲˡ
ٴϯһƸǿɲҲһЩ仯裬̬Ҷʤ
ȻҶӷɣǣǲòǵ似ܽʩչ˳̶ȣһһϦ
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һδҶǰ޷Ҷ㣬ٶϣҶƷγ˳ƽ
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Ҷ㲻ϵܣٶȱܿԼĹƽƷһЦëȻ
ʦ֣Ҫô׵ɱҪĹɿж
дͻȻЦ˱еĹӣȻҪҶɿжĶôаҶͻȻоջһ
İʦãһὫ׽㴦ã
ƽƳֵٶԽԽ죬γӰҶԭأٶȣҶԳԽƷɣƷٶֻܳƽռݲ˶ơ
дӡ
һǿдӡˣݺݵĳƽѹȥ
Ʊޣ
ƽгһ䣬ͬһҡֱϣֱӽдӡ˺ѣƷɹȻͬһ㡣
˱֣
ֵ⣬ѻƽƣԸƷҶƿԽ֮ѹһƷһأɽµĹأԽս겻š
һĿĹâ֣һ޴ĸ䣬ƽԭأҲƷ
ҶóƷƽɫô꣬һƷҶ㲻һƷɣӵôܲŭ
гٴ趯Ҫ⸡ѹǸͬ壬ޱȣʯӵгΪǱʡ
ɱ¾
и

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гٴθı䣬ֱӻûһɺɫĳһɨɱ¾
֮ǴɫɵƷɣҪҶǿһ࣬ǳĿֲ

ϲ֣֮
Ҷٴθıսϵʩչ⣬ƽѾ˱أ˫γս
ҶҪɱôףǶԷҪɱҶ㣬ҲһѶȡ
ʦãҳһѹ
ƽ̲סˣҪдһ֣ɾֶԸһˣԶׯ¶ŨŨĵ֮ɫ
ڱҰľסˣϾĿҶҪ뱻ľء
ã棡
һƷѾǼˣҶڶԸһˣ϶æңΣվأֱӼ
Ҷ̤ɾʵҲ˼öѪŽ
߱ʽˣһȥдֱɳȥǿޱȣϢȻҶ֮ϡ
һָоΪӴ󣬼ħɼѹ
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ɫٴƶҶϲ֮Ƶ˫ԱƷɳȥս൱
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䡭
ԶգһǿҵĺⷽԲռ䶼סˣӦƷѾܽռ䡣
СӣҵģССһƷɣȻ˶İ壬ñˡ
ƽ¶ŨŨѪ֮ɫϣɢһɵϢгһĻ˹С
ħޣ˶ʮ꣬ʶһ
ƽƽԼĳޣϣһ˿ζһֵĵ⣬¶
ħޣ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ũ֮ɫħβɣħնβͣƳɱޣƽôġ
֮󣬱ħһʩչȷ󣬻ħ־ǳѲ
ȥɣ
ħһɨһͷɺɫҶʮֹ죬մϣԻ˺

ҶһαһǿʩչǿĴܾ˱仯
ߵֻأħҲҶӰˣƽƶʧȥ˶Ҷĸ֪
Ʒɣ⻹ǷҶ֮ϣħͻȻָأ˲Ƶ֮
ѹ
ƽƵԼĴҶ㲢֣ҶȻԽսĿǰ˵ǷȱһЩΪͻһƷɲá
ǿѹ֮ٴγ֣ƽƵٶȣҶ㽫ٶʩչ˼£ɱ¾֮ٴϮ
Ųһ̤ռһѷ죬Ҷ㽫ٶ˹٣˲ƽƵǰ
ħ䣡
ƽħͻȻһ仯γһĻǽֱסҶĳħ޵ǿ֮ĸı̬

һţһ޴Ҫסƽơ
Ҷһδεʩչֵ⣬ƽѾ𾪱ľСôġ


1626 ƾ
ɫѾǵֻһ˸ˣ沼·
·ԽԽ۶ܿǿƽԭء
ħβͷһŭɫʳˣȻʴãգۼĹ򣬾ʴһ󶴣ƽ
Ҷʩչе⣬ûκƽƣ˻Ĳ򵥣ܳΪҰɵĵӣ츳ԳȺ
սȻҶǵЦȴԽԽŨϲִ̼ǱߵսҶ㲻õģάսƽ⡣
߱ʽԽԽǿ֮ϣһѺۣ֩һ顣
Сӣҿ㻹ʲôʽɣ
ʶҶʮֵ⣬ƽŲһ̤ħ޳Ҷɨͬɨǧ֮ϣһɫѷ졣
ֻ
֮£Ҷʩչѹ׵ľֻ
һ޴ŻˣڽֵׯҰɶ׷һƳϹϢ
ƽ屻ԭأٶȴţһ㣬ɫǳͨ졣

Ȼ֮䣬ƽʩչ廯Ϊһ̣Ȼƾʧˣֻ֮Ŵ
Ȼһֹ֮
Ҷжϣأ䲻ڣܾ󣬽ԼĸȻںϵһ
ܶǻݲݣϻһɫʣܻΪһ壬ͨеǺܸӡ
ѲҶ㣬֮ܿռ̬֣ƽƲҶҲࡣ
꣡
ֻ֮ٴεֱѹ˹ȥƽƴһҶôôͷԼټֱ˼顣
óҵĹˣôãҴĿѾﵽ
ҶȱٸƷɽֵľһֱƽΪ֣ƽ۴С
Բѣ㣡
ƽٴʩչֻ֮ܿŵѹϾʩչֻ֮ţҲֲ˶á
ȥ
ö˳ȥɷһʼͺˣҶŵӣȱľɷ
Ҷ㲻ͬӣ̻ɷҪĲϣϲ̫࣬ûУΪҪĲ̫ˡ
Ҷ㲻ͬͨĲԣ˻ʱʵĸɵĿ̻Ʒɷﵽ˶Ʒɵز
䣡
ը죬ǰһ޴ĺڶؿʼ֮ϣѺۣܲסɷıը
һʧʱƽ˺ۣɷըĵ˿ڡ
㲡Ҫ
Ҷವһٴʩչһǿϲֳ֮ˣٿֻ֮ţݺݵѹȥ
ôֵ⣬ƽ۾ˣϧѪԪңҪԪǳѡ
ͫӰ
ǿĵƳˣһɲǣܿռͻȻޱȱ꣬·Ҫһ㣬ԭܾĵģûз磬һ̣ͻȻ˿ꡣ
һƬƬӣƾնƽƵǰӰûκ̬ʲôӣʲôӣڷʲô̬ҿ
Ӱ࣬ɫȴʵʵĴڣǷ硣
͡
һƬѪƾշɳȥÿһ鱡ÿһֻаƴСǳȳƣգۼĹƽǰغ󱳾ͱɭۡ
һз̫죬ƽƶûʱ䷴ӦӰͳˡ

ɾԵѪҲԶ֫ն֫ҲǳնԴ
ͫȱ
ҶͻȻǰһ̤ƽƵǰʱˣֱ뵽ƽƵĻ꺣֮С
һѣΣʲô飬žͿԴɱ¾֮ϡ
һмǻۣ´һڣĶҶ㣬еĵƣҶɹնɱƽơ
ԼҲ۵һһ˴ʩչҶĻ꺣Ҫ͸ˣһݽߣҲ
գ
ҪûɷըˣڵƷɣһѶȡ
Ҷ㰵裬Һ֮ǰ̻˼öɷǱʱãû뵽õˡ
ʦˣдŵûɢһ£йһɨ˻ȥ׼˵ʦǱȥ
ߣ
Ҷܷ뿪ͻȻһ˸סȥ·
ʽ
˸һԭɱͺΪһ壬ͻȻ֮䣬뵽ɱ֮УΪһ޸Ҷ㶼ǰһ
ǿ񣡡
¿ٳĹܣǿһͿ
˽һ˺һȻҲһ
նľ޸дѾ˵ֻĿž޸¡
ʦ𣬿ң
дӷһУҰɿ
Ұֵÿׯվ൱˭Ҳκβ˭ҪҲˣɱѾ¡
ҰɣҶĹ⣬ҪˣĹҲˡ
Ұ޶ԣûгֵ˼д˺ѷεغ
ϧȵҰһ̣ɱѾն£дӵһΪɱնɱ
һɱ֣ǴҰɢдӻԼĹ⣬ͻȻޱɺ졣
ׯҪ㲻ɱҷɣǵˣҵĹ⣬ĵ˭Ҳ뿪
ҰɷˣӣôҰɺò˺ᣬȻҶնɱˡ
ǷɣǣûԣûеµߣʦͽԸһĸӶУʮֻңҰɻһǧ꣬ȻԼŮ㵽һ
ǵӣʵҰɵĽдӸܶӶȾ˽ʮֻң̬Ͼܿ
ɻ
ׯ򵥵˵һ䣬˫ͻȻӡһֵˣʮ£Ҷ㿴Ķͷˮʲô⡣
ҶĹһöƳˣҰ֮ң
ߣ
ҶͻȻоһֻδץסԼ˲䴩ռ֮Уʧ
ȵҰɷӦʱׯҶʧӰ٣ʧȥϢ
ׯһҪĵӣҰɷģһҪпķʽ
Ұɿŵϵʬ壬ʧĴָҧгݣȻ㲻ףԼʵҶ֮ϣôɱˡ
һµϣͻȻѿҶؿƵҪٲҪļѹˡ
ͨ
ҶڵϣڵĴŴһ·ӣӦðҰɵ׷ɱ
ʦ´ܲܲ·ˣȥСǽˡ
Ҷһյʱ䣬ɫŻָָĺܿ죬Ҳٻָ
ôģ
ׯһЦ⣬Ҷ㣬Ƿ´½һ
ܶǺˮһµҪȸ򣬾Ҫᴩһ
ʲô
ҶһãȻ֮ɫ֪ׯ˵ʲô
ôɱƷɾ
ׯ֪ҶԽսͦ⡣


1627 ʹ
ׯʮֺ棬֪ҶԽսȷʵû뵽ղŻҶİΣԭҶһֱڰԻ
˵ɺ𣿡
ҶһͷߣԼĵƼչ¶ˣնɱƷɣûɷĸսʤǲʤ
Ҷ㲻Ը˵ׯҲֻ飬˼׷ȥ
Ϣһ£һ·
ׯҲϥ£ղһսԪзķǳĴ
˶տڲҶ񣬸֪ħ֮е飬һ˿˿ɫ˿ߴ͸뵽Ҷ֮У¾
ǧ꣬ڱҶ㣬Щ뵽棬ҴҶ㶼Ҫŭ
ܿһƷ۷壬ƷɣҲ⼸飬ȻǱ
֪Լľ֮Ҷ㰵˷ܣ飬γ粻ֻҪϵоͿˡ
ׯ֪һҶǰܼӣͻɾֱǱʹõı
һʱҶ㾫Ӹղս֮У˺֪ܶʶľ˿̵Ҷ㣬ǿ
ׯ˫ۣһҶ㣬ҶϢԲǲ¶һ˿֮ɫԼӻǸ̥һսܲٶ
ϢˣǾͳɣ
ҶԽ죬ׯԽģǰȸɹĻҲӣŵϣпҶʵ֡
ȵȣ
ׯ׼־ԼҶֹ
ôˣ
ׯһ֮ɫ
ԼУҷɣ
ҶֱӾܾׯԼһУָоܲˬûɣȫ⵽
ٶȣǹҪȸʢˡ
ׯֵĿҶ㣬Լв𣿻ʡԪֽʡ
ҲܣҾǲһɣŤһܡ
ҶصԼûǷİã˻Ǳһľ룬ҶǸֵׯҲɵӣѾҶ롣
㡭
ׯҪһȹҶǹŹֵı飬ȻΪһС
ҿûô˵
Ҷһ޹֮ɫԼֻҪɶѣϣ˱
úúãֻҪܸһٶȣҾԼУ
ׯĹǺһµ˵ɻУҪǴȥҪˣԺˡ
ã
Ҷͷͬ⣬ҲֻׯҶŸҿЦһˣҶҲø£ҲС
ܿ죬ׯɵУΪһǣ֮ʧ
ҶǻһߣȫУԼ϶ϣǷһٶȣҶ㻹лġ
ʹ֮ſҶҲವһʧԭأ֮ʩչ˼¡
ǰԶһڵ㣬ׯҶ㼱ٵ׷ȥ
Ҷ׷ׯ¶һ˿ο֮ɫٶ΢΢һЩҪҶࡣ
ҶٶҲٴԪǺˮһϵӿ뵽˫֮Уħ֮е飬ҲڷķֽϵĳˢҶ
ͻɶƷһˡ
ҶҪľָоٷУϵĵڲָ൱Ҷһֱڸ˽һ
ֻвϵתתҶøׯƴĻᣬϣﵽȸ֮ǰͻƶƷɡ
ʱһȥȥˣׯٶûҶٶҲûׯҶ㿪ʼ࿴
Ǹ̥ⶼȥһˣԪûпݽߵ󣡡
ׯѾ𾪱һ֮ɫҶ㵽ôģԪô˳̶ȡ
Ʒɣһ죬ҲҪϢһʱ䣬οҶ㲻һƷɡ
㻹ֶܼã
ׯҲ̼ˣһҪҶܣٶ΢΢һЩҶľеԪ
ԶҶ㣬ׯٶȣ΢΢һЦܿׯС˼ٶȡ
һ飬Ԫûм٣ԽԽʢ֮еľڿٵӡ
ҾɶƷԭԽһʱ䣬Ҷ൱ڸһսԪѹһһΡ
ɫ𽥰ҶٶȻδׯЩˣһȻѲһëͷСӣȻԼֻǶһʵǾƷһʵҲһƷɼʮ
֮£ׯٶٴһЩҪҶļ;һֱϢããϷУȻµҲͣ
˿̵Ҷ㣬ڴڹؼʱ̣ԽԽֲҪűˡ
μԵĶԶ޵ģ޾Ҷһҹʱ䣬Ҫܲסˡ
ĵԽ죬鲹ҲԽ죬Ҷ㵤ﲻϵ
ʣ䵽֮У飬ǿ˫ȶҲơ
ʹ֮ʼһһҹķУ˫ӭ˽Ȼ͸ɫչѾǰɫ
Ҷϲϴʹ֮Լһѣʹ֮ٶȽһ¥
ëϸѪܳ˫ϣʮ۾ܿѪҺѪҺǽɫѪ
ԽԽ͸ۺѿˣ˫ƺҶʧˣԼ֮⣬κ˸ܲҶ˫Ĵڡ
ʹ֮һ̣Ҷ˷·Էڴ˫ȶƵҲһࡣ
˵ǰһȶһ£һȶһǧ£Ҳ˵Ҷٶ˺ü
ΪһֱߣҶͻȻׯĺ棬ŵׯһҶٶôͻȻô졣
㡭ٶôͻȻô죿
ׯǱӴˣҲ̼Ĳ֪˵ɶˡ
ʦȣⶼɶ
ҶٺһЦׯɫ࣬ٴμӿ죬ɵزҪ˦СӣȻׯë᷸
ׯʧʹ֮ҲģΪһɫâҶ׷ȥ
ɫ΢΢һһҹȥˣҶ˿֪ƣԽԽǿƷɣӦþڽͻơ
ׯѾľˣڵȻ˲˦Ҷ㣬Ѿ޷˦Ҷ㣬ⲻ߼
֮ϣҫأƽ涼һɫĹâ֣ʮֺÿ
Ĵգһɫų֮мİ
رǽӽƽ棬֮Ũγʵʣһűɫʯ
Ҷһץһŵ֮ɽȥоһˬ̫֮ˣȻϹϢؾĺôԶ
֮Ҷռ֮УÿԽ֮Լת˳Ʒɾ
ԴԴϵ֮ƿԽԽɶҶ㽫ٶŻ׼ͻˡ
ǰһµҶವһ˹µ֮ϣֱſھ޿ڣޱŨ֮Ҷһɽȥ
ãͻƣ
˵꣬Ҷʧںƽϡ


1628 Ʒ
ׯһʱҶʧˣʱɫźÿһЩ
СӣҾ֪ҲԪݽߵһ̣ڰ˦ˣҿ㻹ôƱ硣
ׯҶʲôΣգ⺣֮ϣ޺УһǿޣҶʵ˲ͻᱻɵ
һΣٶʮ࣬ص·ȥҶ㵽
ʶɢȥܿ췢һµǿϢͻƵϢׯɵˡ
Сӣһô󣬽Ǳˡ
Ҷڹµͻƾ磬ׯһγ׷ˣҶ㼸޿ޡ
һͷǿĺ޴֮˳֮¶һ˿̰֮ɫӣҶ㵱һζ
Ҷ㴦ͻƹؼʱ̣˼ɲܣֻĿź޳Լ
ׯһ˿ɱһ޴ĺ޾Ȼץϵ˿Уȴ޷ׯϲ֮֡
Ҷϲָ֮ׯϲ֮һԱȣҶӤС֣ׯȴ֡
ͬĵ⣬ͬһʩչྐྵȻ֮
¶֮ɫ뵽ﻹһǿֻ࣬޵һСϲֳ֮ˡ
ܺ紵Ϊ༫̤㣬µСʺסǳŨϧû½أȻ϶￪ɡ
ӽҺһӿ뵽Ҷ֮УȻ޷Ҷ󣬾ħ飬תߣҶ档
һһҹ˿٣ǳĿɲҶͻƷɶû⡣
ףϢ
ׯ¶֮ɫȻھħ֮УֻҪҶ֮ой¶
ǾƷһ˿˿ϢҲжϳϢ
ôܣôᱻõ
ׯˣһӵı飬һʱػر仯˺ü顣
һɺϣĳǿ޵顣
ׯҡҡͷҶ飬϶ɺϡ
ΪҶûɾάˣֻ飬ޱŨҲ֧Ҷɾͻơ
Ҷͷ֮ϣһ޴УЩγƣƯҶͷϣԽԽ࣬ׯѾľˣ
۶ԪСӣʲô̥
ׯȸˣһΣȻʼԼӵ츳
ԽԽ࣬ʼں֮ϣĺ㶼˹ҲϲԽŨԽã׷׾ۼ
յʱ䣬µΧһĺ㣬Ҳһƣⳡһ˵õȮ⾳
Щ޸㣬ҶļȮҶմ⡣
ֻҪЩ޲Ҷ㣬ׯ֣Ҳһϣʱ
Ҳ˵ͻƵʱϵ״̬Ҷˣȫŵͻ֮Уʧȥ˸֪
ƻ۳ɺһ̣֮ϣ꣬ڵϣȻһöӨ͸ӣ飬
һɨЩӶׯҶЩڻԺʹá
Һ廯飬Ũʲô̶ȲׯôãƺͼһΣǵڶΡ
һһǰͻƣۼһγ㾰
Ҷ㲻ɾ⾰ǿֲƺ뵽Ҷ棬˿ף֮еΨһ
һִҶɶƷܳΪƫƫָоˡ
εδ𣡡
겻ϵ£īɫӣͬ֮һӨ͸ׯѾռǧţÿһŶһöɾ
ûκεʣ֪ҪɾٱҲܴﵽƷƷ֮ҡ
𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ㷢һŭ𣬴ϣðһƬƬۣղһһ
ǿѪ֮ȻǺ֮壬ѹ֮졣
ׯŸΪҶʵͻͽӵ֮кܴĹϵ
Ӱˣ֮Уƣȫ뵽Ҷ֮УħԽԽ󣬿ʼɸ
ڻ꺣ĵŻʼ֣ò˶ãŻ¶

ϵѾӰʵʷչһΪҶܳˡ
صҶ棬һ̣ͻȻޱ궯ҶɶƷ˲õͷš
ǣıΪҶ˴Ҳ֮ǿ·УʮֹӣסҶ塣
˫Ŀͬ磬ǧ֮⡣
˶Ʒ۷֮һ䣬֮Уһлָ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ܵľҶ㣬ղһжôʵЩ޸㣬ٳٲȥΪǻûչ
ϾҶյǴͷֻǴһЩҶȣ̫ࡣ
Щ̲סˣҪɵҶ㣬ȡϵԣøм̼֮ˡ
ɱ
Ҷͻ֮Ҫһµľ磬Щ޾ͷĳøҶһʵ
ɱ¾֮޼ɵɱһ޵£ľҶһգΪ
Ǹղ˴ûüֻصҶ棬һѭҪǹԹԵˣҶ㵱ȻҲȥɱ
ضʬǣҶɱһʱɱһٶͷޣһǧͷ㣬һׯ
ʣ㻹к޷׷ڶ
ô֮ھħ֮УҪǰȸø·ʱʹá
СӣͻƲʱ䣬ͻƾˡ
ׯѾľˣʱദǰмӡ
ʦ̵з
Ҷʮǫ飬Լ飬ôͻƣһжĹ͡
Ҷ㣬֪ʲô𣿡
ׯͻȻĪһ䣬Ҷ˰죬ҲûҵӰӣָ˺ü顣
ⲻ֪Ҷ㽫ҪĶȫھħ֮УӦ
飿ʲôܳ𣿡
Ҷһ֮ɫ֪϶ׯһӲʹãȻ綼й¶Ϣ
ֻҪԼϣׯκβԼԼѾ˺üˣȻûӰӡ
һʳȻܳԡ
ׯһ֮ɫҶ㳹ˣ鲻ܳԣһǳóԣӶðˡ
鱦Ҷ˵ܳׯ˵ĳ嶯
ôóԵĶʦ㾹Ȼҳԡ
ׯһ֮ɫҶ֪ҲթԼ浽ס
ұ죬Ͻ·
ׯڱˣȥҪҶ
ׯߣҶٺһЦҲԹԵĸׯһ·ǰȸ


1629 ȸ
һûжҲûбƴҶǰУׯ󣬽ƶ֮Ҷٶһ
֮ڿһƬµأȸɽ編򣬸΢΢Щƺǿᡣ
ʦ㲻ңĴ֮Уĩɣ
ܵȸķҶƫԴׯʵ
¶ˣ
ׯҶһۣûа취Ĵ֮ף˵ӦǿĴڣƫƫ鲻ˣǧ֮ǰͿʼ˥ˡ
سֱ仯һ겻һ꣬ȴչѾϳ

ҶһԼôҪһЩɾ͵ȻҲһЩ
Ҳûģ㲻ҪҪǺŬ˭뵽һӣȻﵽĸ߶ȡ
ׯҶ仯ĳĿ
ٴӷߣļ٣󲿷ֶɱڶǱþһǰһ
˵Ĳһ̤ɽ۷塣
Ҷ̤ȸŨŨϢǳŨأλҪƻҪ
ȸ¶ҲȽϸߣʺϻԵ
ʦѾȸԸΪҪ˰ɡ
һ·ׯûиԼȸʲô
μһʢᣡ
ׯû˵Ŀġ
ʲôʢ᣿
Ҷ㻹һͷˮμʢᣬʹԼһˣδ̫˰ɡ
ʢᣬĴĸ֣ɽģһηһμӣһǶš
ׯأһηʢҼңԴٶʾ֮ҲǶˡ
һץһѣʦôѡң
Ҷʮֺ棬žƷһѣΪβһЩֹǴԼһһƷɡ
츳ܸߣǳɳޣҪǱ޵ĵӣԽλᣬúõĹĦһεڲ룬ܻܲβҪҪǶԷ⡣
ׯҲ֪ҶҲ֮١
ЩƷɷ츳ڹȻҶߣǳɳվޣˣҲòھʧһôõᣬѡҶ㡣
ηΪԼ׼ģҶ㻹һжʦϣͨĻᣬԼķǴҪġ
ʦģһúò򣬲˼Ҷ
Ҷʮֹ˵һ˼ңζЦݡ
ô𣿡
ׯһߣԼһǧ꣬ɽ磬һǧľƷǷǳᣬһƷǺüǧꡣ
ʦһ㶼ϣ֪ˣ
ҶƲƲ죬һ󸹷̣һǧ꣬ϣѵлϹﲻɡ
߰ɣ³ʢᣬмʱ䣬ȸ򿴿Ӽš
ׯĿľҶ㣬Ժܶʱ򣬶Ҷǰκε
ʦ϶ֹһӰɣ˵˵ʦ֡
Ҷʮֺ棬ȻׯԼΪŵӣ϶ʦʦ㡣
һӣħ֣֮ʣˣӦûħ紦ħ彻֣Լ
ׯ˵Լӣ¶һ˿ɣ֮ɫ
ţҲһٶˣϧħ֮֡
ʦƽʱ򲻻𣿡
ҶʵԼҲаˣûпʦ֡
ԺǻлģҪ׼ʦʦ㣬ϾҪͻˡ
˵Լӣׯϻ¶Ժ֮ɫһƷɽ磬еš
ʦǰӣȥϢϢɣ
ǰһӣֻа˼ңҶ׼Ϣһ£ʱ·ȻԪָǾʮƣ
ڹµͻƣׯҶռһǧö飬൱ռһǧɾһʲƵԴ
ЩƷƷɾңһӵһǧҶ㻹Ǻݺݵ˷һѡ
ߣȥɣ
ׯҲˣƺЩ˻ԼĴӣЩʧ䣬ϾԼһӣɺһԴ
ವһϿգȴͻȻס壬ٳûȥΪ棬ܶ෿ݵǿϴٹһ
ʦʲôˣ
Ҷһͷˮ﷢ʲô顣
̤޵Ϣȥûߡ
ׯ˿֮пˣ̤޽ϴࡣ
ʲô̤ޣ
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵ޣڲŷ֣һλǰһ𣬿ѧ֪ܶʶ
һͨޣϲռĶӵо޴Ľƣ̤֮⣬Խ̤ޡ
ׯͣ˺ܿ䵽ϣҶ㿴һֻֻСĽӡ¶֮ɫ
ЩķݣǱƲ飬ӣòܶط죬Ȼ̤޲뿪á
Ƿͷңû˻
ׯʶһɨﾲĵģȴһʬ壬ʮ֡
ã
ҶӶͷȥׯһΣͷʼѰңû
˰죬ëûҵտյҶɣôһ˲䳷һɶȻѧ
ʦ
Ҷ㿴һɫǽڣǾֵֹģׯ
ߺܿϵɫǽڣҲ¶֮ɫ
һֽ磬ˣ
ׯһ۾Ϳˣɫǽڣʵһֽ磬赲ʶҲ赲޵ĸй
Ҷʮǵһֽ磬Իã赲ʶޱȡ
ƣׯһµӡע뵽ɫǽ֮ϣֵˣɫǽڳһ㵭Ĳƣˮһ
Ų˼һĻˣɫǽԽԽӽ͸ɫܿһ棬ǧ˼һŮ׶Уһֲֳꪣֵ׼
ɱ
ʧһ̣׳ֳֵ棬Ҷׯ˹Ȼ˻ˡ
ס֣ǲǻˣ̤ƻ
ׯȻЩС֣һӣܵĿռ䣬ЩŮ׷׶ԭأ޷ֻӻת
Ҷʮֺ棬ߵǰǸ޷һж
ʦʲô̽Ұɣ
ֿռ̫ˬˣҪ˭ֱӽһһҹϲʵ
ׯˣһͷߣǴеֶΣҪɾãǳɰ׳ˡ
ȿȣ԰ֻ꣬·ƻͲ鿴ʲô飬Ĵǣǲǡ
ׯĳ˵һСˣһֲţ¶֮ɫ
ֳʮֹ죬ׯҷǣǾ£ֻǲԸ˺޹ˡ
Ҹʦ·ֿȻö£ͬ⣬תһӡ
ҶԴϬׯ˼


1630 ƽ
ҶǳϬʱ̫ʴȣԷץ
ܿתһӣҶ˵֮дʲôˡ
ׯһӣʧָ¶ŨŨĳ֮ɫҶˣ䱸
򳤣һϹټļϸǲ㱻ɱҲϹټҵóѡ
һ׳˳һ˵һҧҶ˾ǼϸȻʲôϹټϵһ
˷׷׵ͷΪ˵شƫԶ·ǶͻȻð϶Ϲټҵġ
ܿ죬ٴֵ׼ַҶˡ
Ҷʶɨһٴμ֮Уɾʮˣ󲿷ֶɾҪҶԼһԣκβˣׯڴˣҶ㵹Ǻܵġ
ֻ۾ϹټҵˣǹҧʶģʦЩҿ֪ǻ߰ɡ
ҶˣøھȥԼиƨϵ
λʦͽ˵ȷ·˵أȻΪǼϸǾ;ʹ˸ǡ
ׯҲˣʱİ컵£ȻԷ飬Ǻαڶһ١
˵꣬ȥȺˡ
ˡˡˡ
濪ʼζ·һ޴ڳ߿̤޾Ȼȥ
ҿϹټҵ̤ˡ
̤·곤򳤷һȣôҸϽرЩڽƺ档
ϧƾղƽ֮޷ָԭ״λָܿӰ
գۼĹ棬һа֮ߵ̤ޣһԶžԳɵӦʶ̤޵ĺᣬԶžԳ
СӣԶ㣬̤޴ﵽ𣬲ܶԸ
ׯһ̤޾ȻһƷҵϢǳǿҶƶԷһܽҶ㴵ȥ
ҶЦһսԼΪֻ˵ǽĿʦɵС
ാӣΪҪεļ̤
ׯʮ֣ﵽ޷ǳһﵽһǰڶǻΪΣ켣硣
ͷ̤ʮֹŹ֣ȲΣҲڲٿصһ㡣
࣬ҪϹټҵ顣
̤޷һȣȻԣȻ뵽˻ν׶Σ֪ΪʲôȴûлΣһǿޡ
һ̤ޣʲôʱֵʹˣƲ㡣
ׯʮֺ棬ҪӼѣޣӵһ˿ɽѪȽס
ͺñȣһʱ溬лѪһƽ޾ײ㡣
ûѪû츳û츳ͨϵĽͬʳһݱ
ܳɳ𣬾һĴڣôܸʹ
˵ʹƺ̤޵񾭣һѪ֮ɢ
Сʱ򣬾ͱϹټҵ˿ƣ⵽˽ֻϹټҵ˰ڲôɱˣ̤޳ɳ
ⷽԲʮ̤ϴһ飬õĲϹټ壬Ѿĵز
΢࣬ɣ
̤ޱ̼ˣۣҲһĳ裬޷ϹټҵԣԸɱϹټˡ
Ϊ꣬Ϲټҵɱĸĸ֮д̤ޣճ꣬ʵɾңϹټҵ˶֡
̤޳֣ڽƺЩһ˫ۣˣҶʦͽ˵ȷ·
΢࣬ׯ¶һ˿֮ɫܵһ֮һĴ֮
ϲֳ֮ˣƷɱһƷޣǻֵ
εĴ֣Ȼɸߵ̤޾ɵľǶôĿֲҶ㶼¶֮ɫ
̤ޱ޴˫趯Ѳׯ
ղŻֲ̤֮ޣգۼĹһֻСèׯŪڹ֮䡣
̤¶Իı飬һ˿֮ɫȻ⵽Ϲټҵ
ʦ㲻Ҫɱ
ϲ֮һСҶ˹ֹׯɱ̤ޡ
˼ףҪշľѹƲסҲꡣ
ׯΪҶҪշ̤ޣԺһ֡
Ҷ꣬ѹͲٿزޣ⵽ԷһС磬ҶʱһֻС㡣
ʦҵ˼ˣ̤޺ȻҲ޹ģǲ£⿪̤޵ԺһֻΣ
Ҷ㻹ûа׳յշޣѰ·
£ʮֹ죬Ҹղ˺üΣ⿪ǿԣ϶˼꣬±ߣⲻ˻Ľ֡
ׯε˵һ䣬µĽƣһǴ̤޺СʱˣƸ̤޵Ϊһ壬޷⿪
ҵԣ
Ҷղʶ鿴һ̤޵꣬ȷʵһĽƣ꣬һūۡ
㣿
ׯһ֮ɫԼⲻĽƣͽܽ⿪ǸˣĵҪʦҪ
ʦҪģֻҪԣܲܳɹҲ֪Ҳɱ
Ҷ㵱ȻԼС飬ֻһ£Լ
ãҪСģҪ⵽ɡ
ׯӦҶ㣬ӴһЩҶֻкô滿ͷһ
лʦ
Ҷ㳯ׯʩһվ̤޵ǰ̤ȣҶ͸һֻһ
ɫǽںϵ˶׷˳Ҳһ˼֮ɫвǵ̤ޣʱ䣬ͱƷ
̤ޣǸղŵĶԻҲˣ㲻ԣһ
Ҷ֪̤öԼ˵
ʲô
̤޵ȻֻαƲô
ҽ⿪ӡ֮Ѹһ껤ɽޣһԺ󣬻ɡ
Ҷ˵һʱ䣬Ӧˣһ껹𣬾̤ޣҲá
ãҴӦ㣬ǲҪڸ½ˣҿģֻҪܽӡҴӦɽһꡣ
̤޺ԥĴӦˣһ겻ʲôÿ˯˯ܿͻȥ
֮Ҷ㲻Ҫ½ƣΪϹټеĽƣÿҹ̤޾ʹ·Ҫָһ㣬ҲϹټʱ̤ޣҵ
ģҲôڷſʶɣ
Ҷ֪ҳ϶ȣޱǿһǧģʱ򶼱Υ޲ᡣ
ܿ죬̤һСֻ޴СʶҲһſҶĻ꺣֮С
ׯʮֺ棬ԽԽˣҪҶν⿪Ľơ


1631 ŭԹ
ҶʶΪһСˣ̤޵Ļ꺣֮УܵɵģЩ̤޵Ļǡ
һ룬ܿ촫̤޻꺣һЩס̤޵ꡣ
Ҫǿƿ̤޵ͻشҲⲻˡ
ҲԪ䣬ͨޣɥʧǣһ
ҪǺڲµĽƣׯֶΣȻܽ
ЩƸ̤޵Ϊһ壬˼꣬Ͳֱ˴ˣóȻƻ̤޵Ԫ
ñȴСʱ򣬽ס㣬ʼʱΪ⣬ʱˣݵͷ棬γͲô򵥡
ҶҲһͷ󣬵һҶԿ϶ϹټһɥĲ
һǩԼɣ޻ΥԼ
Щƺ̤ޣһЩƴ̤޵񾭣һϣ̤޾ͻʹǱõһ㡣
ЩƣҶȭͷϹټҿҲʲôöǶ˻ǶޣǳĲпᡣ
Ҷ㲻ˣɱҲв٣޸ʤҶҶﻹޣϵȥĥǡ
ĵֶΣһޣҶȷʵûмϹټҲ̤޷ҧһڣסꡣ
̤ޣ֪˵Ԫ񣬲ȻҰ㡣
Щ̫ҶҪ⿪Ҫ̤޳׳Ԫлᡣ
ʼʱ̤޻Сǿĵ⣬Ҷа취⿪ƣҲҶʶĻ꺣
ҶĻ̤֮޵ԪһɣҶʶ·һ˵ļ֮С
ܳĻ棬Щ̤޵ļ䡣
Ⱦҡ
һʮСŮĲҽУԶһŮקǽǴ񹲷ߵ顣
ʮСŮҲûܲˣǿ飬֮ǰʣж
ĸŮˣڽֵϣû˸ǰܿһ꺺ӳ˳˵ĸŮǰֳ䵶ȥ
Ҹƴˣ
󺺲ɾܿ챻׵նɱһڣʬͷ
һĻҶ˫ȭ̤޵ļ䣬ʱ̤޾ڲԶĿһĻ̻ڼ֮С
ǰдϹ֣Ѳ³Ϲټҵˡ
ʲôǲȺǿ
һ֣һׯͻȻһȺˣ°ӣ޶ɱ˷ŻеɱŮǱɱ໴Ӥûӹˡ
һҽУһķ޼ɵĴЦ֮в
Եĳ٣еµɥʧ֯һªĻ棬ÿһҶ㶼ܿϹټҵӰӡ
һʱҶ㿴̬ɢ
Ѿӷŭɱ⣬Ҷ㲻Ǵˣ˲ңҲ鷳
ϹټҵΪҶŭˣ꣬Ҷ㿴һϹټҲҶһѰ
ҲͰˣڿĻ棬뵽ҶĻ꺣֮У޷԰Ρ
ЩΪɽһǰˣ̤޼֮Уֻ̫̫࣬귢飬ʮǰʮǰѹ̫ԩ̫顣
Ϲټң
Ҷȭͷ˸̤޼ϵȥǵ÷ɡ
㿴һӤ˱һٴҶǿҲܲԲȡ
Գһ棬ҶҲ˲٣ĸȣС׼ˡ
Ҷ˼Ҳ󲿷ֶ˲ε񹲷ߵ
ǲͬɱˣϣ˴ȥ
̤ޣ֪ǲЩ飬ڸһλᣬ֮󣬰Ϲټҡ
Ҷһһٵ˵ҧгݣΪҶãԼɱϹټҵˣԼ֡
̤޺ܿظҶ㣬Ҷ㲻˵ֻҪһ̤ҲŹϹټңϹټңɱĸĸ
ãھͽĽƣ
õ̤޵Ĵ𸴣ҶһС׼̤޵ˣڳûơ
ΨлᣬȻ˼̤޵ꡣ
ֵһ̣̤޵һţһʧȥϵ
Ȼֿˣͺðˣׯ϶ǿƵЩܱ̤޵Ԫ
Ҷ㲻ͬס̤޵Ԫ⵽˺
˫ֵֽӡǣû֮УЩӡǶҶΪԽԽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ЩһղŻǼʮۿɼķʽСֱʧ
ЩʵǺܸӣֻǲ½Ƶʱ̤޻С档
һʱȥˣׯȵʮֽˣǸоҶԪ棬ΪҶԪ̤ˡ
̤޵Ļ꺣Ҷһӡ׽Щͷ̤޵Ԫص꺣֮С
𣡡
Ȼ֮䣬̤޷һŭǷййжĳԹ
ҶԪ񣬻صԼ֮У̤޵ı仯¶һ˿Ц⡣
ŭһյʱ䣬СϵĽܲס̤޵ŭ𣬷׷׵ˡ
ϵŵĴӴܣҰȫĵط⽨ҵԼ
һյ̤֮޻ָƽֱӹҶ˼ͷлҶľ֮
Ҳ֪ôƺ㣬ͽ˰ɣ㣬ҲػӴԺһᰲĴţɽޡ
̤ʮֱ΢ƺҶΪˣׯһ
ɾһɽޣҪǴȥɽ硣
ϣ˵ȥɡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻûоʲôף˿ׯһ˼֮ɫ
˵飬̤ͻȻһɱϢʮֲֿ졣
ˡˡˡ
̤ת뿪ˣȥֻҶ̤ȥʲôȥˡ
ʦͽܴȥֻ֣ҪĿžͿԡ
Ҷׯ̤޵ĺ棬ׯһͷˮԽԽ͸ˡ
Ҷν̤޵ĽƣûׯҲʣȻˣҶҲһ˵ʵԲȥʣĸ̤޵ĺ档
֮ǰһͦĳǳأճЩȣԵޱСһǶѡ
̤޻壬ڽУƻ
ǽ죬̤޲ûСͣͷŵа֮ߡ
һᴩĳǽֱӵŵóеӴܣ֪ʲô顣
˿̵ϹټңŵƽʣϹټҴʮ檵ӣ˵ҲǴһׯ԰ġ
ɱׯ԰ˣеɱԴߣƯŮ򱻴ֱնɱ
Щ꣬ԲʮԽԽ٣Ĵ󲿷ֶˣ޷ȥ


1632 ޲
ЩҶ㵱Ȼֻ֪ҪɱϹټҵˣȻⷽԲƶ
شƫԶֻЩͼ߲ŻѡƫƫϹټ࣬˵޹ҪаħҪпᡣ
ʦܲܰͽһæ
̤ɱҶ㳯ׯ˵һ䡣
˵ɣ
ׯȻ֪ҶҪʲôԼܲ³һЩϹټҾԲʲôöǲٿ̤ޣ̤һ̿ʼעϹټҵˡ
ҽǽ׼κһߣϹټҵˣɱۡ
ϹټҵҶĵĵߣϣѾ޲ˡ
ãֻռ䣬һŲܡ
ƷȥɱһЩͨˣȥׯҲȫˣׯɨһʵߵҲһƷȻ˲ɨƽǡ
ÿƷԼϲ£ɽ˼һ㣬Ҳ̫
ԽߣԽܵӳһεļ
һԶ޷ͻƣӰԼǰ̺£ҲǺܶϹŶ󣬶Сԭ
ǵˣǵķ򣬶¼֮ϣ˶»£һһ¼
֣̤ԣ
ҶҲֻ֣ԷЩ©֮㣬һ϶ˡ
̤һȥʱѾһţޱ𾪵ǣȫˣһĿռ䣬޷ߡ
Һ̤޲ɱ޹ֻҪϹټҷεŮŮȫ⵽̤޵¾ֱ̽档
һһ˿̤޷ɱϹټҵˣ׷װнкá
ʲôˣΪ̤ͻȻҪϹټҵ˳֣ѵ̤޲꺣֮еĽ𣿡
ܶе໥ۣʲô飬̤޸ϹټҵĹϵʮ
̫ˣ̤ǿ߲µĽƣܱƽ⣬ڵģƺܽٿˡ
ڳҲвٸ֣׷׷쳣ڣ̤ϵĽʧˣԲŽŭйϹټҵϡ
һţܿ촫ϹټҵĶڻϲ£˵̤ɱˣϹټҵˣֱӳ˳
һֱչصϹҲ⣬ϹټΨһһǿߣҲɱ̤޵ĸĸ̤޻꺣֮УµĽơ
ӴվϹټҵǰޱһɨϹټҵĽ׷׵ʱ䣬漦ɹ
ʱϹټңΧˣ׷׾ۼܣָָ㡣
ǿ쿴Щ˶ǱϹټģ󲿷ֶòŮӣϹٽɽһ
̤ԭǹˣϹټһլԺƿֲĿľڴҵǰ
ܶϹټҵӣͬʱŪüŮӣЩŮϣ˺ۣҲ̶á
һЩѾãζһƬ˼
ϹټҵĵηǧˣǴϹټҵÿ춼Ҫܵȿ̣ܣá
ⶼΪ
ׯҲŭˣһֱѹ뷨ΪҶں֣ˣҶΪη쭡
ЩҲĬˣ̫֪ϹټҵΪһֱǸŭԡ
ЩˣȻҲǵˣˣϹټ°֮󣬴Ӵš
̤ޣ㵨ɱˣŲھ㣡
Ϲټһӣһȣ󣬻һ꣬ʮߣбһŮǿŮʮֺ¡
Ϲ䣬ҪϹټҵȫҪ
̤޵ˣһ㣬ò˶Ĥʹ
ܺãȻԼԹˡ
Ϲ˵꣬гһöĶһˮǿ̤޽ãֻҪˮ̤޾ͻԹԵϹټҵָʹ
Ϲˮ津˺üΣ̤˿ûжһץǼϹټҵ˱ɱֱӿƶǡ
Ľƶûˣ׼ɣ
̤޴ǰһ̤ǴһƬĽܶϹټҵܣ׷ױѹ
ǲ̤޻ᷴкܴĹϵôЩ̤꣬һֱΩǴӣҷͻȻɱϹټңΪֻ̤ǷƢѡ
ֻҪóˮ򣬾̤ܿޣ˭֪鲢ô򵥣̤޲κ˵Ŀơ
ֱײһ£ϹټҲ壬ֻмǧˣ̤޵ĳ֮£Ѿ˺üˡ
󣬾ȻɱϹټҵˡ
һȳ֣Ϲټҵ棬Ϲ棬һɫۣһ棬ֱӳ嵽̤޵ǰ

̤ͨԣˣɱԼĸĸԼ½ƣһ̣˲䱻ȼ
ˣһֱӽϹƷɳȥƽ⣬̤޵ʵõͷţҲõģ֪ҪͻƶƷ
ͺñһˣ⵽һͷţͻἤǱܡ
̤޿񱩵ϢϹüͷһ壬ѹƲס̤ޣҲĵֶΡ
Ϲ棬Ҿ͵˵棬ɱϹټˣǾӾЩϹټˣǼǧˣᡣ
̤޵ϢԽԽǿ󣬹Ȼ˳ͻƵƷϹɵˣ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
ⲻܣĽںСʱͲˣ˽⿪ǾƷҲС
Ϲ淢ĺУ̤޲Ľ޷ܡ
̫飬⣬ҪģǴˣͳͳµȥɡ
˵⣬̤޺γ⣬Ҷ㲻ɾѣôģƽסĽơ
һס
Ϲ֪̤޻һƷԼǿͬھҲܱϹټҡ
̤ͻƵ˶ƷҲƲסˣֻټˣôҲҪɱ̤ޡ
ϹϹټҵĳϣʼһǿķ󷨳ˣֹ̤ٽһ
̤ޣλڹλƣ
Ҷʱȴڰд̤ޣһҶоķǳ͸ʵһ󷨣һܲٿص󷨡
̤һûκεԥѡҶ㣬зӴСȭͷݺݵĺλ档
䣡
󷨳һ޴©ЩͼϹټҵˣ׷ױѪֱӵɳȥ֪
黹ûн̤ٴϮǿǣ޼᲻ݵɣ˲һ̤ȱڻδϣһȭλ档
ģ
ѣһ㱡Ĺ֣˲ѣ̤׵˺ķ
ⲻܣһиڱָ㡣
Ϲ濴ɱƵԽܣֻ̤ɱˣһȫڿƺһ󷨴ʦɺô򵥡
ͷˣôķϻ
̤¶֮ɫڻ˼²ЩӦɡ
棬һɱҾͲˣôˣɱ
ϹܲǼǧˣɱһֻ̤ޣһһЭ


1633 
Ϲټ˶ˣһΧס̤ޣ˿û·ΪҲˣǱκ˶޷뿪
֪λǰ٣Ϲټе£
ϹҲɵӣܷһǣҲҪƷϵľ磬϶ǿƽ̤޵Ľơ
ܾĵģʵҶѲ³̤޵ĽͻȻƽ⣬϶ڱæ
ⶼһٶˣ̤޵ĽѸΪһ壬ûѹ
Ϲϳһ˿ɫԷǲ뱩©ˣȥҲǶ࣬ԷȻ̤޻꺣֮еļ䣬ҵϹټЩΪ
̤ûϹ棬ǰЩϹټҵӴܣǶ֣ɾһϵı̤޲
ʼʱ򣬴Χ۵˲˵ǾηϹټңǷԼ
̤һ̤̲סˣá
ãɱЩģ
˻ȥˣһϹټҵ˳ֱ󵶣ϹټԴ
˴ͷܿЧ£̤ޣɱϹټҵˡ
һҶ㻹û뵽ЩܹϹټң׷׼սš
̤ޱϾӴ󣬿϶©֮㣬Ӻˣ̤޽ĿϹټϲ㡣
һӣֱӳϹɨȥޱȡ
䣡
Ϲ̤޵һǱһɽɨУֱӱƷɳȥ
䡭
Ϲɫʮѿǻһ˿Ѫ̤޸߳һ磬Ƕ֡
űʬ壬дӵ֮ӳˣ׷׼սţɱϹټ壬ҼԽԽࡣ
˼ս֮У̣ͯ׷Ϲټҵ˽֡
ⷬׯ¶˼֮ɫԼԲֱܷǷƶ
ϹټҲǧˣи򣬲ȻҲΪΪ
Ҳƣֱ̤޲٣ʣ¼ǧˣܿ챻¾һգֻʣ¼˻ڿ֧š
Ϲ˫ɺ죬ϵı̤޻ɣǵѪԽԽ࣬һƷһ죬ȫͲһȼ
ϵЩˣҲĵĸں棬һĻһһ֮ɫҶʦͽˣȻ̤޷Ϲټҡ
Ҳʰ
Ϲ䲻ģϹټ𲽣Ȼ顣
ҡ
ϹĴأŮҲˣȹ˵һ׷ɱϹ·ãһѨ档
Ǳץ˳ֱӻ׽ЩŮӲֱɱֱ̫ˡ
ϹԼԹ˲ϾﻹܹԼӣĳʮһ֡
ʮͬΧϹ䲻ʮʱ䣬Ҳܣնһ첲Ѫ
ЩͨɾһɱϹټֻʣϹ滹ڿ
ȥϹ¶֮ɫһжǱӦ
ѭӦˬ
̤¶֮ɫһϹ濿һٶ̤꣬ʱ޿̲ʹ࣬ڿͷˡ
ಣ
ϹˣȻѡߣɽڣûգֻҪԼڣϹټҵѪͲϡ
ˣѱɵ⣬ͱ˻޷뿪Ͽ
ղſϹҪߣʮֵģʱ϶ӲбŪûɱˡ
˻̤׼ֱһץϹץʱһĲŷ
Ϲ汻׽Ϲ׽Ϲ޻׽̤޴һֱϹĵߵľ磬˲们䣬ֱӱһͨˡ
ͨ
Ϲ汻ݺݵˤڵϣ߻أʧȥ֪
̤޵һСܿԭģֻǱֱ߳ܶ࣬ҶǰͨһڵأҶ˼ͷ
лĳȫҲܱ𡣡
̤޲ʲôΪֻ֪ԼĴñˣһжҶĹ͡
ɣסĳŵУ
Ҷ˰֣̤վ޳Լ¹Ҷеܲ
İɣһŵǧ𣬾Ҫŵԡ
̤һСׯս˴ԴޣȻصţڷų
Ϲ汻ȥΪͻȻǣȼ̻Ůף׷׹һҶͷ
ܾҶģǾҶģһֻ̣һ뷨лҶ㡣
ŮŮҲ뵽У׷׹£Ҷͷ
ͻȻ֮䣬һεӿҶ棬꺣ͻȻޱ
֮ǳĴҶ֮һ̣õ˾޴Ҷĵ·øӿҰҲ
Ҷô˵ׯֻҡͷЦԼӣѾˡ
ʦ߰ɣ
Ҷ֮֮Уһ˿֮·˶õ˽
ߣ
ׯһӣܵĽʧǻָҶ˿뿪ϹˣƻᱻԼ̣пܳǵꡣ
Ҳ
Ϲ޷ҽն֫һ̳棬øҩҹĥ˼ζ
ϹҲ⣬ն֫һóӲϵҧܡ
ЩҶ㲻ˣҲҪ֪ǱӦ
Ҷ㣬Ժ飬ȻˣҲմȾ޹顣
ׯҶ͡
ϾϹټҲй¶ĸûɱˣȫڷеֻأ϶Ҷϡ
ʦɷΪΪհǰ˺̸Ѱʵ²Υģһƾ£Σһ죬һὫڽ£Լµ򡣡
ҶɣΪ飬Ρ
ÿ˶϶޹֮ˣǰᣬڶʹ֮ϡ
һˣˣĻҶ㻹˺¡
Ҷһׯٳٲ˼Ҷ˵֪λشҲҶ˵ĶԣҲбڽµһ졣
ĬĬķУҶҲɺ֮į
Ƕȥ˸ˣֻɽĲпᣬԼҲ֪Ǽô
Ҳ飬Լ¾ˮɱ¾£Ҷ㲻֪Ҳ֪
Ҷһ·أׯ̽Ե˺üΣҶͲ˵Ҳüȥ
Ҷ㣬ǰ壬Ҳһξٰĵص㡣
ׯָǰһ޴ɽ壬ȻƯ֮ϣҪǷ壬ʵҲҪɾ
ɽȫһ磬ҪɽǰҶɽСɽˣǰϲŸȣЬ䣬ʮϲţһƫ
Ҷ־󣬺ܿ챻˽ȥʵһ磬ռмкüţʮǡ
ǳ֣ɽ塣


1634 
ž޴壬Ҷ˺ֻܶ࣬Ұļ˳
ţҶѾˣԹ޻ڣȻǵҶϵȥˡ
˺ܿɵ֮ϣ棬һﵹһ硣
ǰǺҪСģûмߣҲҪڶˣһ²һ£ǿ֮䣬ʤЩţӵм
ׯҶһ䣬ڶ£ȸɲ򣬿˼ҵϣǼβΪ
ׯСοҶ㣬Ͼȸ򣬿вڡ
νĺҪȴǻҪԳ֮Ϊ
һεķᣬںУһμӡ
ȸ򣬰׻ķţ׷׶Ҳɽʮһεʢᡣ
ʦǲǻ̫Сˣ
Ҷһ֮ɫþƷڻôСѾվɽ۷ˡ
Сʻ괬ʦȻǾƷкԶһξ룬Ҫ벽ʦҲ㡣
ׯ֪֮еģ֪ܻ֮ĳá
Ҷ㲻˵ˣҲ֪˵ʲôʵһжʵԼܴﵽƷлȥˮˣǼ
̫СˣȻۼˣֻҪ㲻£û˻Ϊ㡣
ׯ̾ϢһԼЩ֮ˡ
˺ܿ첽򣬸ûʲôֻͬʵǿɾضǣɣ㿴ҲǸ۵Ļ
ȸΪȣߵȣڣ򣬲ȻռȽŸ
ʦҪƴʲôǿ̻𣿡
Ҷǿ̻֪֮࣬һǲ
̻һ棬һؿ飬ʮֹؼ
һ·ׯûиҶϸϸ˵⵽壬ҪѺܶϸڣҪ˳ָһҶķ֮
棿
Ҷ㻹ĺ棬Լ̻ƾԼ츳ûϸо
һؿˣҲؼһأһЩóȥ޸ģ˭ܸĸȻʤһء
ׯϸϸĽͣ˺ܿҵһջȰȥȻηᡣ
Ҷ˵ͷԼҲһЩ̻ЩдΣҪȥ޸ȻЩǰ׷ˣҪĹ򣬱ȿ̻һöӿ̡
ʦƺҲûмɡ
ҶҲʶһЩŵӣ󲿷ֶ̻ܸܿȴ֮١
ûŵȷûмȻҲѽʮȻŵλܳԽǷţʮ󡣡
˵ţׯҲһ֮ɫûʧȥŻһĵλʧŵĵλҲһǧɡ
ô֪Ҿܸƺûиɡ
Ҷڷʱȷʵɽ֮󣬶һĶǻ꺣֮е
ֱһǿķʦƾ̻ǲģҲһŹΣҾصθ
ׯɫʮ֣أһεķῴıȽء
һҶúΣҶ֮쳹Ĵ֮У˲졣
ǵڶأ
Ҷʵڶʲô
ڶѡģָһЩϣѡ˭ͼĲϣ̻߼ȻҲʤߡ
ø߼ϣ̻߼ʤһ
ׯ˵˵ڶҲǹؼһѡϣƼ򵥣ʵǳӡ
̻ͬ˼ңȻʧܡ
ҪǲϱˣֵߣȻӮ˶Էᣬһڣֳ
ԽߣܻΪ棬òȱĲϣγ
ϽˣôֵĲϣ̻һöƷɷ䶯һʱ
ʲô
ڶˣҶûв´ӦþĵȼˣȼԽߣȻʤߡ
ۺϹأĻ˭ڻ֮УߵĸԶʤߡ
ղׯû˵ʵڶؾͰ˷ȼԽֵԽߣʤߡ
ؿһ˵Ļĳɳռ䡣
ʦǿ󣬲ʸΪĴʦɾҲޣǰڿ̻ٺãɾҲֹˡ
е˼
Ҷ⻬°ͣηеˣǿʤ֮⣬ҶҲס
ܸôһԼһոľ顣
ԭͲֱ˴ˣֻһ޻꣬һߵ϶Ϊһ˺һ
ڿջ֮УׯûģԼѧڣҶҲһ麣࣬ĬĬա
ȻҶǳϾĶ֮ȥҶҪ̻Ʒɷǳѡ
֪ﲻ㣬Ƿ֪ʶǲ˶ӵҶ㵱ȻҲ
ָ֪ʶӿҶĻ꺣֪ܶʶҶǰûģʱׯ˵ҶֻȻʵ⾳
һε⵽̻ܿˣǿ󲻵ãҪȥ֣ڿ̻ʱҪԼڻ
ׯĳ˵һϣҶһϣׯòҶ㣬Ҫӣǿ౶
ܽˣ
Ҷһָ㣬ҶԺĵ·ĪİҲҶһ˽⡣
˵ǰҶ˽⣬Ҷһµ˽⡣
һĻһһ֮γ˵һַģҪκ似Ҫ¡
ˣϢɣ⼸ƻв˸ϹҪһЩܱþͱá
ׯһ䣬ҶԸȽ⣬ݲɳӣׯҲԿϾμӷģǾ֡
ҶҲţǷɽ磬׺һڣò֣ϾŶƷɡ
ʦİɣӲµġ
Ҷ㻰лԼ£Է£ҶҲǺ˵ˣ˲ңҲˡ
ׯЦһҶ㻰˼ԼͽܣԸ°ǲ£ׯǱȽϷġ
һܿȥۼʿԽԽ࣬мʮͻȻӿһԴԴϡ
ЩţˣҲŴʮˣֻһ˵ģ̫ϡˡ
˲ٶ࣬ھׯ·Ͼ͸Ҷ˵Ҫѹ
Ҷׯ˫˫뿪ջ׼ȥȱʸμӴᡣ
̤ϴ֣ϼΪҶ㶼ǰ棬һҹʱ䣬ֶ˲ˡ
ׯôʹһëͷСμӷ𣿡
Ҷ뿪ջ׼߳ȥʹһ̵ׯҲס˽Ųһ˿ɱ


1635 
ҶЩƣûʲôҲ˿ׯ˵
ˣҴʲôҪ㱨𡣡
Ҷ㶼ׯЩã͸һɱ˺ܲơ
ҶҲˣղźǴƵĿǣ˫ƺһ
Ȼһ㱨ֻǵ̶ֳǲǰǰ˻ʼڣѾһǧ˰ɡ
֪ŸʼڵĶԹǰķƴϢƻûдȸ򣬾㴫ҲţһëͷСӣӮ֡
ˣҪĥƤӣûй㣬Ƿϼ
ׯȻȥͣԷ˲źãܸõıҶ㣬ݱ©ȥҪ鷳

ͻȻЦһȺҲʼЦ·Цһ
ƾҲᣬ˵ׯǲϺͿˣˣҿ;ĩ·ˣɣ㼸ˣŶˡ
˼ȷ̣ҲҶ㣬ׯ˫ȭ󣬳ٳûг֣ԷҲǾƷˡ
ֻһһȺ
Ҷ˵Էһ˻ȥ
Сӣ˭
ӪӣƷɣ߳Ҷ̫࣬׼Ҷ֡
˭˵Ҿ˭
Ҷ粽ãƷΣҪԼҪб׼
Сӣˣ
ûг֣ڳǳҲǶ࣬Ҷ˱ɱĿ
𣿡
ЩҪɱҵ֮䣬ڻǻĺúõġ
Ҷ¶ЦɱԼˣƶڼ㣬Լǻĺúõġ
ûǣһ뿪ȸˡ
ֱһĨӵĶвžƷ棬ȻҪɱҶ㡣
˴˱˴ˣ
Ҷ˿ԼɱԷҪɱԼڶܣǾųˣԼʼգûеǣȵԼ
ׯҿСԸңҪɱһ˵ԴСڷһϸ£һҪѧУҪүүΣ
ûֹµӶҶĳǴ̼ׯӦ
ҶˣҪѧУҪжԷүүǳĶ񶾡
ׯ׼ܾҶʱȻشˡ
һΪ
ҲǣҪԲſԣһΥͱ¼ڲᣬͻƾ硣Ȼ򵱳
Ҷ˵ĺܿ죬ׯ˵ĻᣬֱӰѻ˵ˡ
񶾵ԣһģЧҶ㾹Ȼ˵ΥҶҪɱǼ
ˣģͻᵱʮֹ죬Ϊģһģ޷ģҪֳʤ
Ҷ㡭
ׯҪҶ㣬ϧѾˣǶԷ
ڽֵ󲿷ֶˣϽμӹᣬڳˣͷĴڡ
Ҫڣ϶ˣµСĿڱ˳Ц

е˼Ƕˣ
˵һƷɣ£һӣεӣʵߵģڷ츳ϣŵһ
ŴʮˣʵߵоƷɣ͵ҲƷɣһŰҶ㡣
Ƕˣһ˶ˣĳЩţ̰֮Ҷİˡ
Ҷ㷴һˣνƴһһҪܽᣬݺݵĳһֶΪñ˸ղԼ֮
СӣһˣҪ˸ģǲǿЦ
һ˳ҶĵϾҶһˣöʮһȣⲻƽ
ɣǶʮһϣֻҪκһʤңⳡעΣ
ҶҲ֪һע϶ʵںˣֻҪκһӮԼӮǷռơ
ˣСһǷˣһ˱ȣʤ㣬ʮ˱ȣⲻѰ·ʲô
Χ۵ҶǷӣԼЦȫ֪ϧ
ҶԽ̼ԽãսܼԼ񾭸Ǳ
һζݵҶķ
ãС˵ġ
һŵûоܾǾͲˣʮûһӮҶ㣬ĺ£ȥҡ
ûֹҶҲһţҪӮԼ߶ʮˣ췽ҹ̷
ҪһһҲ£ˣҲֻһˡ
ʮһϣȲʤȯмˣǾţÿζ̻ܿƷɷ
ׯֻҡͷ̾ϢͽܵԸʼ˽ˣָˣκӰ쵽Լ
ǿǿΨսܱƳ֮иǱ
ڿʼɣҵ֮ϣΪ䣬һ֮ϣ䡣
ҶһģԼԪֱģһԣϹѧУֱ
ܿ죬֮ϣһɫӡǣסҶԪ˫Ϊֳʤ֮ǰɫӡǲʧ
ֳʤӡǾǵˣ˭Ҳ޷ܣ֮Уǿԣз
ҶˣŵҲ󣬷׷׼Ԫһģĳ棬˲˵Χۡ
ŸŵĶԹţÿ϶һҲ⡣
״˫ϰΪϽʱ˫ҲһųԿˡ
ҿžѰ·ģһμӷᣬΪСӹҼ𣿡
˷ҶΣƾĶƷɾ磬ôƲ
֪ҶǰһƷɣ֪θ룬᲻ΪҶǾˡ
Щ飬Ҷ㵱ȻȥǣҲȥƽϣһеȷῪʼ
ĺܿÿ֮Уһɫӡǣסǣ޷ܿС
Сӣɣ
ѾˣǺ޲ϣϽʼȻĿŵնɱҶ㣬÷Ҳһ취
ⲻ֪Ҷ¶һЦݣΪƭⲻ֪ԷһֻƤǡ
ҶһƤ˿޺ʵӶĻףǸԼġ
ԼΪ˵ɱǣԱǴ⣬һֱׯߡ
ǷƴһҶƴһѣô֪ʶҶţƾԼ츳İúΣӦò
ҸղҶӦһŵˣм츳ȷʵܸߣԼ£ԽҶҪġ
ׯڹԹԵĹҵǿԿǣڽʱСһ
ƤЦⲻЦ˵˵棬ȵĳׯ
ˣ¹˭֣δ֪
ׯһ˦ۣǾƣҶһһ¶ע
Ƿϼ
˴һȺˣƺƵ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰÿǶ¶Ц


1636 ǰ
ź뿪ׯϵŭ⻹ûɢ
Ҷ㣬Ǻ֣
ׯ޲ܺúõʰҶһ٣ȻôصĶעһˣѧô򵥣Ҫȥ
ʦҲ죬˭˵һͻ䣬ء
Ҷ⣬жĲܼǰһζıأСʧԼ
㰡㰡˵ʲôá
ˣׯҪֹҲˣһʹļ׵ӣҶˣôõӣҪŵ
ʦŸŵĶԹƺ
Ҷʮֺ棬ŵشȸ򣬶߰˸Ӵ򲻵һȥôôĳԹ
˵ҲһĶԹˡ
˵ŵĶԹׯ̾Ϣһ˺ܿ뿪֣ĵصȥ
·£˵Ҳи㡣
Ҷ㵽Ҫ֪ʲôԹǣһ
Ҫǰ˵ˣŵʣŵķʣһ֮ӣͬһʦ𣬶һʦţͬ㣬Ǻ
Щ鶼Ǵ˵ׯʱûгأҲǴǰ֪
أ
Ҷʮֺ棬϶кܶ๷Ѫ飬Ȼֵͬܣᷭɳ
һǵĻ
ׯ̾ϢһЩ꣬һֱûд֡
ʲô֣
Ҷ׷ʣʸҶ˽⣬ǰǶǺպ쳹ɽ磬оͻΪĴڡ
֣
ǿˣҲ֣ܲǶҲһ
һʦţʱǲʮ꣬ʦһŮֻңһֱСÿ
ˣһ𳤴󣬵˶ʮʱʸһϲСʦãСʦüмʮΪѣӦʣ϶˷ʣӦ˷ʣʡ
֮£СʦֱӶţ£ӴԺʸԸ䣬ԭֵͬܣҲʼ֣Ŀɳ𣬵ʦ󣬸Դš
ľ飬Ҷ㻹û뵽һߣȻΪһŮˣ飬Ҳһˡ
˸Դʦǵţȸţ˷ڡ
ӦˣÿʱʶѡһЩŵӣڵ˽ʼʱ򣬴ҵҲǣԽԽ࣬𽥴֣ԹԽԽ
ӹ񣬶ⲻ顣
ڴӷɻ֮󣬾ͿʼķѣֱǧǰѸأΪϵ
һϵ˳ȥԴ˻ʼڣҲͷʢţһֱҪ̲ţڵĻԻ͡
ʦأڻ𣿡
ɻˣںδ

Ҷָָ棬ʵ츳ʵڷ֮ϣڲ˾磬ɹ֮λ
ˣΪ˼ˡ
ҶƲƲ죬ףΪ˭Ҫ۸һ¡
һûǿĿɽΨһĿɽʻɻˡ
ڶűҲЩʼڣѾ벻Ʋӵĵز衣
ϵҲ˶ϲ㣬󲿷ֵѡޣ޼٣ȻׯҲҶ
һЩе飬ǵįĸԭ
˵Щ꣬ڵҲô򵥣ѵ磬ɽ飬Ҳκβš
Ȼһ̫飬ΣŻŵˡ
֪ߵ˱ɽ˺һ棬ˡ
ʦôôˣ
ҶҲˣμӷôôˡ
Ϊÿ꣬ᵮһлķУƷʵ
ʣǷ£ɽ۷壬ʱ䣬ֻʸˡ
ǡһɽи˵ΪԪԪԪһһγһظֻȻֱ仯
ΪԪΪͣһǼԪǲ
Ҷ˵һΪԪλһǼͣ꣬ǼԪ꣬ظ£±任ҲпѣµļԪ
û治֪˶ٸԪ棬ҲԪ֮еһϰˡ
ׯЦһҲģһͻ棬Ҳشѣµµ档
Ҳп˥пֻ̭վ۷ˣл˭Ҳ֪Ϊû˿ԻԪ
ʦܻ𣿡
Ҷʮ»꣬Ϲˣοǻꡣ
̫ңԶˣƷҲһ꣬ٶٵҲӲˣܸıԼˡ
ׯɽԪΪλҲս㣬ƺڤڤ֮Уעһ
ֻͻԪл̤ľ硣
ʦ㿴ʼڵҲˡ
ҶʶһֱעܣͻȻʼڵӰ
ÿǶμӣһҪСģǰûаȫ⣬ǵ˵أ֮Уһ˰֣Ҳﲻ㡣
ׯҲˣʼһʮ֣ǵ죬ǻһˣ϶һ
İɣڤڤףҵˣζܣҲò
ҶĺܿԼ˶ٴΣһζǱɣǻǿ־
ʮֶǣҶ㿴ҲۻңЩͼֻΪġ
ֻоƷܵ˵𾴣Ҷûпׯ˵İ벽ǿ
ׯþò
ͻȻһŮӵ֣ʮϤҶ
û뵽ǽҲμˡ
Ȼǻ֮ŵǰȻҲУ˳ͻɾĿǰﵽ˶Ʒɵز
Ҷ㾳֮󣬻֮һЩֻƲƲ죬û˱ǸҶ֮ǰʲô硣
ӣҶֻ΢΢˵ͷûйĽǣֻ̫࣬ͨѶѡ
ׯꡭ
ׯֻҶһˣʮֺ棬ŷűֻһ˰ɣ棬ҲҪ˹
ҪǴʶĶǴҪġ
ׯ֪֮ŵλԽԽߣò˼꣬ҲΪһţڸùϵûл
ԭˣ
ĿҶһۣҶ֮ȻҲ֪ϾҶ̫ˣķᣬӦһЩֹ
֮֮ԲμӣǶǼճɳûȡúóɼ
һȥɣȥǱ
ׯȥȥˣҶ֮Ůվԭء
Ҷ㣬㵽׳ʲôôô͵˶ƷɣϽʵ
һ֮ŮӣȻܵҶǰҪҶ˵Լܡ

ҶһͷߣŮӻǴ֣Һòʲô⣬ֻǺѡ
ʦ㣬ҪΪҶˡ
ͻȻվҶΧ
ϣôͺҶˣ鰡
Ůӿʼ壬ʱ䣬һЦﴫȥ


1637 ռ
ŮΧм䣬ҺҶƤˣǻӣ˸һߺ֮ɫ
ǲҪΪҶˣ
Ӷ˶ţһСŮ˵ģǵһЦ
Ҷ磬ǵҶ磬ھͿʼƫˣʦ㣬̫ƫˡ
ʦ㲻ϵҶˣҶһͷߡ
Ҫ뿪ǣʦûлһ𣬿϶ᱻĥˡ
Ҷ磬֪ʱʦһֱ߶㡣
ʦͻȻյҶǰС˵ƫƫûӼ

ֱӳ˹ȥŵøϽ˳ȥһ˶ǹЦ
һȺ˹ɫЦ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
رǻӣòǷһ򣬶ǣĿ⡣
һӣһȺŮѾúܶ˲ˡ
ǲǶԻ֮ŵŮǶҶ㣬ȻЩŮ޶ԣʼգǱֵЦݣȲ׽ҲԶ룬ĸо
ŮҽոգΣ
һ˹󻹸һȺˣӵҴأһոݲһ㣬ߵһ㡣
˼Ҳʶ㣡
ӻʮֿ˵һ䣬ʶԷҲʶ
ڲʶ𣬿ǼʮǴİɣΪȸռ壬Ӧþһµ֮꣬ǰרŵϢλȥϢһ¡
ո椻ֱӣֱ˵Լݣȸϼ֮һռ壬Ǽ˼귢չǳι̡
ͦãͲҪˡ
Էһģһ󷴸У峯Ҷ㿿˿Ѱ󱣻
ȻӵĶǲģҶո໥һۡ
Ҷ㿴ոգΪӿԼԷʲô飬ո֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȻոΪҶӹϵͬһ㣬Ҷ㵱Уⲻ֪ҶҲһܺߡ
ԴӦģԷԺգһ𣬲ŵԡ
Ҷ̾ϢһߵĻӣε
ҲҪ
ӽҪҶƣҶʮŮʱĸ㲻
ʱһģʱһСŮģʱ׺ʱֹ¶
̸ԼһߣոеɱԽԽŨˡ
Сӣ˭
Ҷ㲻ƷɣռóһˣƷɣὫҶ
˭Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ̯̯֣ȻӵĵƣˣֻӲͷƤˣ˭ǶǴġ
ʱ䣬Ͻ
ոһȣҶ뿪ޱȵŰԵһЩ׼֡
Ҫʲôǵĵ̣δͬ⣬ԴǲʶǣҲӭǣ뿪
ʱ֮һƷ˵ˣҲһ֮ɫʮȺˡ
ǲʲôֻҪǼȥϢһ£˳㽻ѡ
ոնԸŮˣһŵ̬ȣҶ˵ȫˡ
ǴͦãǱ˴˲죬Ͷлǵĺˣ뿪ɡ
ƷɣҪҶ˸߳ܶ࣬ոնҪ˼һЩ
ӣСʹûСɱˣҾͲǻԹԵĸߡ
ѾΧһЩˣռˣ׷ײǰ˼ǹϼ壬ոǳĺɫ֮ͽ
ϵŮˣûмӵõڷֻ˼伫Ʒô׵ķ
һӣץץԴǰĵ˵
Сӣѹڲݹǲˡ
˵ֱ֮ӳ嵽ҶǰҪ֡
ռ廹ǰһԲϾҪɱˣҵҪ֪ɱҡ
ҶϷЦʦ֮ǰӸԼ̤޾棬ͷ̤ޣ򲻵ѣҶ㲻ô
˵ĲռǰԵ
ȸɵɵָľոֵܡ
ոСʵҲͣĶ絽˾ƷɣѾﵽһƷ
ֵܣ޶ռĵӣҲռļ̳ˣߵǰһĴڣ˾η
ĸˣռ壬ȸһ壬£ƾľԼϲá
üȻϣҶ£Ҳ֪ҶԸ뿪϶ܣɱҶ㡣
ٰԵҲһѡ
ҶȭͷһжʵԼ㹻ǿȫһȭȥֻţ򲻵ѣ֣ܳΪѾסҶĸ첲ʾ԰ꡣ
ӵĶҶҪĶУ֪Ǻ⣬Լ嶯֮ܽӴ
ЩŮƽʱֻﶮʣƾ£ƽ˵۹⡣
Сӣˡ
ȻҲռĵӣͳҲǼҰ֣ռ嵱һš
ڱ˵ǹ̵סֱӳҶ㡣
޴ƣֱӳҶ˹ޱȣ㵱˵棬ɱҶ㣬ռ壬˵־Ͷ֡
һ£νĴʲô֮
Ҷƿӣһ˳ȥ˾֮Ҵ⣬ԷȻҲƷɾ硣
䣡
ԣһˣһ㲨ƣܲϵƽʵµߣֱӱ˳ȥ
ҶСӸһмڳһհ򣬵ϳִơ
Ҷ洫ĺϢСɫֳ֮ɫղһƣȻԿˡ
Ҷ㣬沿ĲһȻ·һƲһ
վһԣЩţҶʵԽԽֲˣƷɣȻҲսƽ֡
е˼ССĶƷɣȻֵܵƷһ
ո֣߳һƷɣɱҶĲˡ
Ʒɳ֣֮Ʒ˳վҶǰҶ㱻ɱ
֮ŵվҶ㻹ЩжԷԼˣҶʮϧ
λʦ㣬лǵĺ⣬飬Լ
Ҷм˵һ䣬ϣǣ̫ˣȻ֪Լ޹ģҶ㲻жεˡ
Ҷ㣬ʲôʱˣ㻹ܣ֪ʵǿ󣬵ǶԷڶ࣬ƺҶô˵һԣҲҪǡ
곤ŮϣҶ죬ԷʵԼҪӲӲʱԿĿ϶Լ
Ҷǻ˼ԼȱܱܷͷҪһʶ
Ҳ˵ͷҶ㲻ҪǿԷ˶ڣʮˣһˣ׵ǡ
СӣվŮʲô£Ͻҹ
˿ʼҶԼ߳ǸŸͣǴЦ
һ˿˿ɱҶɢЩ˶ɱڵ޷ɱǣǵòҶһһ


1638 Ὺʼ
һռҪɱҶ㣬ЩƯŮѾ뿪ˡ
Ҷó˴һΣͷҲ˼ɲôˣͷ̤ޣ̤޵ȫɱ
ס֣
ΣͷһȴǣׯˣѾÿһĻ
оƷ֣׼ֵվ˻ȥȻ֪Ʒǵﲻġ
Ҷ㣬ʲôˣ
ׯԼͽܣ£ԷڵѵҶǲɡ
һȺèܹ°ˡ
˫˳ԹҶҲûбҪѶԷ˵˰è
д㾹Ȼ˵ռǰèСˣˣҲҪ
ոշŭˣ˵ղֻΪŮˣҶ㶯ɱǴ˿̣еҪɱҶ㡣
ռ壬ׯ￩һҶ㲻ȸϵŰɡ
˵ǰèѾˣʵһǿļˣûռ壬Ҹҷģ϶졣
ҶЦһ仰õ˺ܶ˵ͬٹۿ˶˵ͷȻͬҶĹ۵㣬ɽǿ壬ȻռݾԵơ
ԺܶˣԴҲҪţʵѰһӻȽס
˵˵ȻͬҶǲ֧֣ǱǮκ˶ԣɽ磬ƴĲ츳е̡
Ҷ㣬ˣ
ׯǳһ䣬Ҷ˵ȥռ壬ŶҪɵ֡
λ˼Сͽ£ҶຣҪһʶλǸˡ
þƷȻһȺСǸҪǴȥǶˣΪ˱ȫҶ㣬ׯȥ
Լʦ˵ǸҶɫĿ£ҲˣҶ䣬ٳ嶯ˡ
϶ܺͽܣҷǵô˫ȣǼסˡ
ոҲɵӣ٣ҪɱҶ㲻ܣԷѾǸһˣþգֽˣ˫á
ؼ壬˵ԼΪһŮˣ˴֣϶Ҳͷֻܽŭѹĵףлᣬ취նɱҶ㡣
˳϶ׯҲǷһ˿ɱׯһѺͻȻ֣Ⱥɱˡ
ΪռǿҶɱǣǿҲܣׯ֣϶֣Ǽ
ʱ䣬ׯ𽥷Լ˫ȭΪҶ㣬ˡ
Ҷ㲻УʦΪԼһҪռΣһ죬ƽǵļ塣
ոյ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰĴЦܻصû˸סǣƷҲС
ʦΪʲôҪǴ˲μʲôᡣ
Ҷ㲻ɣʵμ̤졣
ԺףѾǻȥɣᣬ֮С
ׯ̾ϢһЩγΪһʱĿ⣬ȴһõĻˣⲻֵá
ҶĬĸׯص˿ջǡɻ֮ҲסڲԶ໥иӦ
죬ׯҶ粽룬һǱҶ㣬ŵ˰жҶ֡
ڶǵռˣˣɱҶ㣬Ҷ㣬ʱ̱İȫ˭Ҷ㲻Ʒء
Һл֮ŵ飬Ҳį߰˸Ůһߴߴʱܿȥ
ʼǧƣѹּʮһΣǡԪһͷٴ˵ء
ޱȾ޴󣬷ֳ򣬵һǸһ˲μӣΪһʱ䣬ԼƷֵʽʮΪ֣߷ֺϸ񣬲ʸһ֡
֮Խڵһλнģ̻ڵһλƴ󲿷˶ܽ
ǸҪ츳п̻ǲУϾ˭Ҳұ֤ÿο̻ܳɹ
ž޴ĳأҶҲһѡ
Ҷ㣬ηᣬʮɵĲţǶɽ綥ķʦ˵һ㾡ɷģмӦúϤΪˣ򡣡
Ҷ㵣ģһ飬ӵȨϣɽкܸߵĵλǶоƷľ磬ǵλߡ
ʱŸʼڷƴʱϾԼ٣Ҷ̻Ĺŷмӡ
Ĵ򣬶дɽ糬һķʦֻһ֮ң
㶼𣿡
ׯǲģٴһ䡣
ˣ
ҶʮƽĻش𣬵һƾ쵽ĺϳҶĺǧţԼ֡
ˣȥɣףȡúóɼ
ׯʾҶȥˣΧδˣֻͷ˲λ㰲˼ǧλҪǰϢ
ռ򣬲ѿǿţռݵĵطȽϺãм䳡ؿһ
Щһţں棬Ȼܿ壬Чǰ漸š
ׯҵһλ֮һ໥ҲиӦϾͬ
ׯΪҶܻúóɼ𣿡
ׯ־ٶ϶Ҷ㣬ȻҲһȸ
һ˳ȻɣҵĿҪǶΪ
ׯȻϣҶúóɼϾҶ㾳Ҳڹ꣬һμӣҶһܻúóɼ
һ˲μӣ飬ۼܣм򣬳һ޴͸ӫĻ淺֡
˺붼棬һȥֻһǧˣҪʮΣܽһֽн
ھɸѡڶһ繫𰸣˭ܽ
ҶĿһɨһ򣬾ǷֹףУûзҶ㣬Ǹ໥̸
ܳΪУǰҪģԷףÿķʮֹƽ
һص˺ܿϳǵǰڷһöȱҪȥָÿһöдγ̶Ȼ࣬Ϳ˭ָܻãΪ
һζۻҵַˣҶ㾲ĹۿЩַԼǳĴ󣬿ոľ顣
һǧˣֻ˱ҶˣӣһŮӣַܹŹ֣˲ͬÿһθ죬ǣش
ǿ쿴ҵȵĻ鶰ԼڵţHԾڵһͳˡ
ע⵽˵ĲֹҶһҲע⵽ˣʱ䣬ҶǶĴһĸӵЩǿţѾǳ˽⡣
ƣҲ֮еŮӣҵĺˣҲԷƵ겻ľš
ξǰ׻Ļ鶰ȵĵӣ츳ߣΪǳߣҲκϣǰʮ
£ȸţHԾǽڵĵӣ츳Ȼö˵ᣬ͵ɾƷ
ȸҶ֪ԼεСѹʦҪԼҲࡣ
ҲţǷɽ磬ǲ׺һڡ


1639 ·
һдεʾ֭βָܽԭ״һȼѶȷǳĴ
Ҫһµı򵥣һõıָԭ״ҪȴһµѶȴööࡣ
⿼Ĳֹһ˵ǻۣ꣬ԼԷƿȱһɡ
ǻڣζԴö˻һų⣬ϾԼ̻ģһʼˡ
ڶ꣬Ҫȥ˽öȱҵ׶ˣ֮
ƿҵȱڣҪ֮޸ôס
ñȴӾ̣֪ȱھȴ޿κΣѰҲõİ취֮סǲٿ
ҶϸϸƷζǷȵȣ벻һؼĶǾԡ
ͬĶ˿̾ܿǧ򻯣ÿ˵ַ̻ͬȻҲͲͬ
ڴǰģǿ˭Ըߣܵһʱҳ޸İ취
涨һʱɣʧܣһֹƾҪ̭ˣһЩ츳֮Ѿʼչ٣ָԭò
һճԡһ㣬ҶĿ⣬סƣ鶰ţHԾȣַˣʵ͸һ֮
·ۼߣ뵽֮У⾳ӽȻˣҪﵽ˺һһ·̡
鶰ţHԾַҲȻЩֲڣʤǶԷһЩϸڿԺԲơ
⣬һȫԽλ̫͡
һʱܿ쵽ˣһһЩδ޸õŮ̾Ϣ
޸ǵֻҡͷ̾뿪ԭأõȽˣѾ֪Լ˵һء
Щ޸ָ֮ӡǣ˭Ҳ޷ģ£ܿ챻ߣϽͳһڶһ繫Ρ
ڶ˺ܿϳȻһǧˣ׷վδȿʼ˾͵ȲˣΪʱޣ˷һ˿һ
ҶĿȻһǧˣЩͨĿַ̻ҶֱһǽĿЩ֮
һҶ㷢ˣ츳ѣƲ£һ˻ǻʼڵˣҶĿˣһС
ʼڵĳ󣬹ɽׯ˼ϵ̵дɽׯκԶԼ׹격Ȼڶֶˡ
ܴȲЩѾ츳Լ츳쳹Ĵ򣬹Ҷųãܶʮİ
ЩɣҶ⼸Щ˽⣬˳˳Ⱥ֮⣬ˣֱȸԼ׻򣬸š
˼ǹɽׯׯյӣ˫ޣѾﵽ˰Ʒɾ磬ǳĿֲ
ȸϵ̵ĵӣ츳ű֣һʰˣƷɾ
κԶǰ׻ɽׯˣ츳ҲǸ츳˷ޣ϶һǿһ
격ȸİ׹֯ʮأׯҲ˵һʹȻƺ͸أ缫֪ǵ
ڶּеĿⶼۼϣҶĿ⼯ˣĿⲻˣֻѡһ
ʼڵĳԼɽׯ˼ַʮҶԾıȻ£ǵַкܶطԼǳ
ûһʱ䣬ɵĽָ֮ܿ뿪أ˻ͬһʱɡ
ʱܿһζڶֽϳҶѾЩľˣû뵽ɽ֮ࡣ
Խ棬Խ࣬Ҿǳ֮ߣѹҶƷһֱƲ
츳ڸߣ츳У̫࣬һսԷֱӽռ䣬ɵˣ
徻ɵˣϹϹͣԺĿ캣Ҷȵȡ
ЩֶҶסˣǶϣھ
ÿһֶиֳ֣⣬ܽǰʮھ˭Ĺھ
̨Ҳǽкÿų֣źǼ͡
ֵʱ򣬻ӵϳˣҶ㻹Ĳ֪ӾȻҲ÷Ҷ֪Ϊ֪Ҷθ롣
ǰȻһЩ֪ӾŸʼǳƴ֮ر𿴵Ҷ츳̼˻ӣȥ֮󣬲ϵ
û뵽ȻԼڶ츳رǿһҪˡ
ҶҲʮֺ棬ĿڻϣǾգһɫĳȹĹڣ׷׽Ŀۼϡ
رոգ֮УǿҵռԽԽǿ
ôЩŮˣȣǰľ߷һ𣬾ͺñ¶ө֮⡣
Ҷ¶Ц֮ɫ֪ԳǷ̡
ԽƯŮˣϵĴҲԽ࣬ǰһӣֻҪվڻǰ֮У͸˴һֳ޸С
ҶʵǿȻҲͰˣƫƫҶʵƷɣ϶ܶ˵ļʡ
ϻƮݵѾ˺䲻ĸַȻҲǲϤãһЩطʮ衣
̶̰ʱ䣬ܴﵽ˳̶ȣѾǳѵˣֻʶӵ֪ʱ䣬ÿÿҹ
ӵҶ΢΢һ£ƻ¸ԼһҲ̸ɣķ
ƫƫҶڲܽκˣҲ˺κˣʮìܣҲԼʹ࣬Ҳʹ˱ˡ
ʱ䣬ҶܿӶԼ⣬ܶʱ򣬴ҹռ䣬ǵһ
ԽҶԽھΣǷ¶Է̫顣
ҶҪԼɼѾ˺֪ڹˣǻߣǳ˵˫Ҷ˻ȥ
һ˵ӿ϶˵ںҶ㲻˺
һܿ˿Ѿ׶ΣһҲβˣ⣬һӦ˳
ֿʼһֵҶϳƷɣѱ˺ԣѹע
мˣһϳܶ໶
޼֣Уԯԯɺ裬쵱Գͣ˺ܶŮ׷Ҳһ
ˣ˵Ŀ⣬ҶǼֵһ飬ׯЦһ
һû˻ע⵽Ҷ㣬ҲãҶ㣬ô籩©ڴ֮УϾкüʱ䡣
ϰڷŵҶûż֣ȼһ͸ȥͻȻɢһ΢Ĺâƺʲô
öƵ֮УһЩ·ܵƻΪ֮ȥÿһöһͿ˭Ļָá
ܿ죬Ҷ꺣֮УһͼΣ鿴Ҷöԭصļ·˳
Ҷˣ˾ȻڰлֽţȻǼĲӰЧ
޸֮Ʒʽ϶ɱγԡ
̻ˣǹˣһЩȱ˭ֵܷˡ


1640 ˷
ȵҶʼˣҶĥĥ䣬ӵĿһֱۼҶϣϴη֮󣬶Ҷʮţڷһ;û˿ԳԽҶ㡣
ԯɺԼ֣ѾĲˣһС룬Ҷſʼ˷Ц
ϸղŻӵò˿һ˾ۼڻϣȻò˫עҶ㣬Ѿ˶Ҷ¶̹ǵɱ⡣
ղŴҶˣҶӶ˹ϵӦ÷ͬһ㣬ǰںһ֣˺ܶ˲
һʻţϡ
Ӻӣɵ϶ܿ˿϶֮Ĺϵ
ʱѾȥһˣҶ㻹̵ģָһ㣬һˣȱ֮С
ʼֽۿɼķʽϵ·ͬһһȫˡ
Ҷַȫͬ޸ܶ඼ÿַ̻һ㽫·ϡ
ЩҲ⣬ѵ·ӵĺ޷϶
Ҷֲñ·ɷӣγʲôģʲôģܶ·ѾıԭеĹ켣
ʮߣɨÿһˣܿϾͷҶ㣬ҶϣҶֵ޸ַ˿ʼ˽
̸˷׷׺棬Ҳ˹
̸ʲô
ߵһ׺Ȥʵһɷǵζ·ϣ˷ʵϢ
һλѣ
һЦҶ츳ᣬ֮ͬУܳԽ
ηᣬϴһʼ͹ע֪Ҷ᲻μӣÿһֶϸۿȻڵֿˡ
Ŷı飬ƺλѲ򵥡
Ҷһһǧˣһܿ飬ܿҶϡ
ղŴ󲿷Ŀ⣬ۼԯɺ軹֣еϣȫҶˣϵ񣬴ſҶ㡣
޸ַС˭ΪһӡûУ
һŮǰ̾Ŀǣ򣬶Ҷ㵱Ȼʮİ˵ȫʶ
Ҷ㣬츳ѣڶƷɣ̻һöŷ
Ϊһ˿֮ɫϾҶܸҫҲй⡣
㿪ʲôЦƷɣ̻ŷΪô𣿡
һˣЩ̣ųҶ㣬ֻΪⲻܡ
ڻ˵Ļ
һ˹ȥһˣ磬ѾʲôˣҲᣬʵ˼ǧꡣ
ҲǻɣǷ̣ҿƷɣ̻ŷǲ췽ҹ̷һ
ƺЩɼ˫ǰйʲôڡ
֪㻳ɣһμ֤ĻᣬС˵Ȼ֣ᷢȹۿɡ
ǼȥΪһֿˣҶѾΪȫֻͣ·˵ȫͬ
Լָӡ֮Ҷ뿪أܴЦҶ̻ι״֡
ֻмţҶ֮üͷ΢΢һ壬ΪֵȻز޷أҶö·뵽֮һ㡣
֮Ҷ뿪أصׯߣıǽˣȴ֪ͨ
ʣһֱʱ֣һķȫһʮƷһˡ
ǵľ磬һǧ̫ųһţʮǵӡǸ
Ҷׯл֮ŵĵӣһص˿ջϢһڶĳɼһǷ
Ϊ˷иӦ֮ҲᵽҿջΪ죬̫˾֮ŵĵӣرǻӣ䷳ĽͣԼѾˡ
˲ϵĵá
иţҲиҵ֮ӣǣ֣һ֮ŵϢѾ֪һš
һңԻ֮ŻĪİ
мǳΪѣ뷨ȻϣӸĳŵ֮ӣ֮ҲˮǴߡ
Щ껨֮Ҳȷʵôչˣϵ۸ӡ
ƫƫͬ⣬Ƽˣƣ֮£ҲȥˣŪˣԴҶãϾǻת
ֻҪɳԺпܴﵽĴڡ
ͿҶ㣬֪ӸҶһЩ˷׷ԣҪɱҶ㣬ܳʲôĿģǲϣҶȥ
ķ˷ֵĸѹҶֱӹϷţĿٶȡ
Ψʵܱߵˡ
ȻҶ㲻ϣӸԼʲôϸ𣬿ˣԼҲƿزˣ㵱ȫ˵壬Լûκιϵ
˻
Ȼˣ˺˻ӣҶҲһûеˣԺ㡣
ⲻ֮Ĺϵһ˵̬ȣΪǰѣȥŶܡ
ˣӭѶϣǼȥܡ
ҶһֱҲûȥΪҶ㱻̼ˣϾμӷᣬʵεĶƷɡ
Ӳ㣬Ͼãһֱѹƾ磬Ϊ˸õıܸĵ̣Ҳĳһ죬Ҳĳһ꣬ѣ˲䱬ü硣
Ҷħ֮УתɲǺˮһϵӿ뵽Ҷ֮С
õ˼ǿҶҪ֮£ĵز
һſž֣Ҷɣһ͸ľˡ
Щǹ̻ļӣǳĿֲȫһεĻһ㡣
һҹʱ䣬ҶȻûͻƾ磬ʵ˲١
鲻ϵĹӦͻƷֻʱ⣬Ҳһܽͻƾ硣
ɫһҶ˫Ŀ̤Ժӣоӯ˲٣ĺôûκθá
¾ɣ֪ļֵ
Ҷ㣬׼𣿡
Ҷˬׯһ㶣̶һҹʱ䣬Ҷ㿴Ͳһˡ
ľ磬̬˷ѹҶ㻹˵ȻׯеĿ࿴
ܶ˲ڱ˵ѹ֮£Լһء
ȥԼһأûʲôסǰĽŲ
׼ˣ
ҶԵޱȼ飬·𷲽ҶֻˣΨѹܲϵļԼ
ΪΣ
£
˽ԵΣ
һħ
Ҷﷺһɺֱׯܵˡ
ʱ֮ŵҲ˳ҶϸһǳԾѡ
ϣׯ̸˺ܶ࣬ҶԼһأƽ̤ţһǿѹҶ㡣
ߣ
Ҷ㰺һ̤ţӭĽʲô
ׯ˸ֻܿЦһҲţ˼άԶ˲ͬ
ҧҧ촽ĬĬȥЩ֮Ů˿ˣΪѾǵĿƷΧ


1641 
̤ţһӡҶϣ͸һ֮
糣ǸоЩѰƺջܣİӰӳû
һϣܶ˺ܶߣ
Ҷ㲻֪ׯ֪ʶһɨ۵ס
ׯѾ֪ͨţ⼸˸ǰȫҲбˡ
ϣﴫطټλϣȸԷʲô鷢
ŵܵ
ׯ˵ͷʵҶǩԼʱׯ֪ͨԶˣظнԪϣܳ֡
ׯͰźˣ΢΢һЦׯ֪鲻Ѱ
󲽳᳡ȥһ·֮ϣƽҪնɱҶ㣬ҲҵžƷ档϶ڰ֡
ֻҪҶ㲻뿪ׯߣȫû⣬ǵػأ
ƺܶ˽Ŀ궼˻֮Уһ󣬾Ϳ׵նɱҶ㡣
ҿߣɼѾˣ˵һӿٺ
ֵϣܿ˷׷᳡ȥˣõطˡ
ǴǰҶٶҲ΢΢ӿһ£֮΢΢һΣͳʮ֮⡣
ಣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һӰ֣Ҷ㣬ҪײҶ壬ޱȣٶȲҶ֮¡
Ҷ΢΢һܣΪԷʧû⣬˺ܶ࣬϶ż
ֵˣӰûܵ˼Ҷ⵽һԣٴοҪҶҪǽǴ
Ҷ¶һ˿ŭ⣬ֲɵѾˣǹԼġ
һΣҶҲ࣬ƵǽǴȻԷҪ棬Լ档
ٶԽԽ죬һһڽֵϲϵ׷
ׯҲˣ׷Ҷڸһ˽
ûֹϾС֮飬ֹܲҶԷҲڳƺĬ֮
ݡ
˵ʯ֮䣬Ѿʮν֣似ϵĽٶȣϣٶȣֱƵǽǴ
壬Ҷٵһ̣ҲˣǳҶλһҶֱƽǽǡ
Ҷ㱻Ƴ˹𣬶ԷһٶƣѾҶ񾭡
ˣҶ㽫֮ʩչʱ䣬Ϊһ磬˲ʧԭء
Ӷһ
ҶΣգ˷׷׼٣Ҷ㣬ҪҪʲô
ʼʱⲻǺأԷֻҶ󣬿ǽһĻҶţԷ߲ƣֻǳô򵥡
Ƶǽǣ϶ᱻ˳ΧۣʱҶ϶޷̧ͷԷ̡
ͻȻ٣صӣҲ׷ȥһҶҲᣬȻƷΡ
ٶϣҶڶ֣ƾ֮壬ҶҪ࣬һѶȣֱչʹ֮
Ѿɫĳ̶ȣʩչҲû˿ԸоõֻҶܹһ磬ƽӡ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶһٻǰһɲȻһײײӵϡ
飡
ǿˣΪ˶ڸټУ΢һײܷҵĺ
˿ֵ̽Ҳֲˣ׷׿Ҷᡣ
ӱײ֮һշתٴαƽҶ㣬϶һɱ⣬ղźȻ˿
ƷɣȻһƷײɣҪǴȥԺμˡ
Ҷײɶ֣ׯ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҷٶȣȷʵܼ
֮ŵĵʩչ˻ǸоҶľԽԽԶ֮£һɨӹһǰ
˲УܿҲ˹ٶͻȻӿ죬Ҷһϣͨٶȣ˲ײɶ֡
ϧĶҶ㣬ʹۣ֮Էľٶȫ©ҶƤ£ٶȶһࡣ
ڶԷҪҶʱ򣬲˼һĻˣҶ徹Ȼγ黨״һζߣޱȡ
ֱײˣ˭뵽ҶĹͷģı̬˴ĺôһִ
䣡
ײ̫ٶ̫죬ղסţֱײǽϣһδӣײ˷档
ܿһ࣬һʮҵӻͷ˳Ѿòܿ챻ϳ
ô
˷Ժŵӣ츳ѣ츳ҲǷ˫ޣΪҪҶ㡣
ϳҳһôĿԼײǽһĻֱӵ˿ǳһֻӬһʮܡ
ȵҪ׷Ҷʱ򣬶ԷʧӰ٣ʧȥټ
˶ţһ䣬Ҳʧԭء
ͽ͵ʴףԭ뵱Żӵ棬ݺݵĽѵҶһ٣˭ˡ
˭뵽ûнѵҶ㣬Ҷѵһ٣ǶˣҸղŽϵ˶ʶˣƲһʱܴ
ǰ׻ţҪǴȥһƷɣĭӣÿ
˼̫ǳˣֹҶ֪֪ׯ֪֮ŵĵӶ֪
˵ͨŮǰ԰ڣ˭֪û԰ڳɹһʺһɧ
һյ֮Ҷ̤Ļ᳡Ȼɽ˺ʦ·Ҷ㶼ȥ
ҪǸղ·ϵһʱ䣬Ҳ档
޴Ļ棬ʾǧ֣Ѿһֵı
ֳ棬ȻǽԲμӽڶֵıûг֣̭
һˣֻʣһǧˣǶôп̭ʣʣģǷš
μӱģ׷ѰԼ֣ҶӺǰϾһη̫࣬Ҷ㲻ܴӵһ󿴡
һٶʱ򣬳˺ܶϤ֣ҽֵЩţȻʮֿǰ
ܾۼԽԽ࣬ĻԼ֣˷ܵһѵһأҲǿһ˶ڷƿ
ܿҶ㿴˻ӵ֣ҶЩ⡣
ҶҲ֪ˣΪԼѡû뵽̶̰ܴ꣬ﵽ˳̶ȣ֪ʱ䣬Ӽе˷档
ȻҲŶƷɾ뵽ЩҶһھΣھǲǷ̫࣬Խ࣬ҶԽΪҶʲô
Լɽ磬кܶҪûʱ䴥Ů鳤
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷһ紥һ㣬Уһ캮⣬վߵׯһ㶡
ƣ
Ҷ㿴֣ƣҲת丮Ҷɱ֮ɽ
иɽʹߣڷɱҶ㣬˭֪Ҷħɽʹȫնɱ
ʱҶΪûпѵҲԼһ֣Դ˿ˡ
ֻԼμӵһ֣ҶûʱȥۿˣҲֵ˵֡
ǿ쿴һȻһҶСӣǺη
ͻȻһһҶˡ


1642 ͷ
ܴҲףΪεһһҶëͷСӣӦԯɺ
㲻ԯɺ裬Ҳ֣Уţ
׷Ѱң˭Ҷ㣬״ðģΪǰûп
ֻһȽƽƽ棬ȴ޾ɱŵˣ뵽ҶȻڵһ־˵һ
ҪǵڶڳԽǼֻһֳַʤˡ
һҲˣǾ͵ù¿ͷѧУҶүүֱɱǡ
һˣҶ֮֮Уɱɨ䣬ϣӼ֮УҳҶ㡣
ܿ죬Ŀԣ֪ΪΣ֪˴һûôѰңײһ
Ϊ̫˽˴˵Ϣˣڷ磬ӴĿɲһ죬Ҷ丮ٵؾ֮нɱ
˵Ŀмŷ޾Ļ⣬վҶߵׯ˶ˣ֪ʲô飬ֻҶɱⰻȻ
ֳɱ⣬ׯԾҶŵʱ򣬶û˳ô¡
Ҷ㣬ʲôˣԷ˭
ׯæʵҲһ֮ɫΪƷɾ硣
һѣ
Ҷ㼸ҧгݵ˵֪֮ĶԹԲһ֮
ǰ׻ˣôʶ
ׯʶƣʶߵˣȻ֪ԷǺη
˵һ˵ʦңԷʲôŵˡ
ǷĶԹҶ㲻̫֪Ҳ͡
̣
ׯûԥֱ˵˳Ƶģ̵Ľ
ԷҲ˵Ҳѯߵ˫ӣδı棬ȻײŨɱ
Ҷ㣬δתϢѵڷʶˣ
һׯʶҲҶй¶ȥ
Ҷ˵ͷûȷڷͽԹ
ʱҶΣƲԼҪԼҪȡıԼشҶɱ
ⲻܣҶȻõ֣ԯɺҲֻжʮ֡
ܶûҶƣ̸۵һȻٷ֣൱ʮУÿ˶֡
һǧֻʮ֣Ҷٷ֣̫Զˡ
ţôû֣
ܴۣܶ˾վҶߣȻ֪һֹھߡ
Ϊʱׯ˵Լţ֣Ҷֺ档
Ȼ˻ʮ٣һ˿٣ʮ˲٣ϾܶǰûиԼŵĵ֣ȴҶ֣ʮ֡
ϲ㣬Ҷ磡
˹ϲҶ㣬һƤĶϾӻᣬҶõһʮֿġ
ȿȡɺ϶ѣ
ҶɿȼηᣬҶԭֻܹȥڲˣΪŵЭ飬Լˣ϶
ԱҶҪȫԸ㲻õھҲҪӮŵˣԡ
۷׷ףǱߵһҲıƻҶʵʩ˸ִ
ǼˣڶֻǲӮСӣһ֣һҪڻ֮Уɱ𣿡
Щأ֪ǰʲôͷ
СؼӣҪôˣųе
Щ˶δϣ˷ϣΰ˲˵϶š
ףһȫԸ
߰ͬ˵ĿеɱԽԽŨ
ڶҶ㶯ɱĺֹţռոգƵȵȣҶ
һǧ̨׼ڶֵı
˵ˣһּԾԣҪѣڶֲͬ٣ҵڶֹԸǿҪѡϣҪ̻
Ҷ磬ȥɣ
Ҷߣ֮⣬ȫ̭һ⣬ƷҲһ̭
ǵǳܿĿ⣬ǱҶǱòʣǵļɫȱģԼ֬һļ
ҶòҲӣվһֽͯŮĸо˷Ľ
ǼʵҲڣ׷͵ӵ۹⡣
ǿ쿴СӣҶ㣡
ʶҶҲв٣ͨ飬ܶ˵ҶŵӣʵƷɣ֮Уʶ˻ӣ˹ϵƺ΢Ҷһֱӱһξ롣
Ʒɣõһ׸û
˲ţ˵ǾƷɻõһҲܽܣһһƷߣʮֲʹ졣
ǷƴֲһƷõھҲ
ΪǷƴƴǷ츳ûκεĹϵ
ǿδأػʵ㣬ȥ֮󣬿϶ᱻɱСѾˣҪɱĲ
Ҳ˱ֻı飬޲ܿҶڻ֮С
һпԵɣҲС죬ܶ׷ɱϾٿأ˭֪ĻΣҪǻ죬Ԫķʽϳˡ
Ԫһ꣬ÿ꣬һʣˣ֡
һпַܳ񣬳ԽΪһβһô򵥣һԪСꡣ
һǧ½½ϳЩ̭ģֻܳΪͣҺλã׼ۿڶֵı
ڻ᳡λãڷǧֲϣǸóģ󲿷ֶһЩϣׯҲһЩ
ڶ־ҪЩĲ֮УҵԼĲϣ̻һö󲿷ֲͬͿ˭۹Ӷ
ͬĲϣ໥䣬˴Ƚϼ򵥣Ҳдˣÿζ֡
һʱ䣬ѡԼĲϣ
˵ˣ޶һʱ䣬ֲ֮ѡⲻһ˵Ҫ
Ҳҵ˺õĲϣȴҲӦĴ䣬ûá
˵һ䣬ѡĲϣҪϣܺ
˲һ䣬ַֻ֣Ҫѡˣڿ̻ʱЩϱҪϡ
ô涨϶ɸѡֻѶȡ
ȻҵٶŻԭǿгǧ֣أվס壬ǧֲϣôɵһ𣬿̻һö
ҶҲֻżʶһɨűزϣϸϸ˼׿̻һöʲô
Ҷ㲢ޣҪǲ̻ܿ߼ǿ
˲ͬĲϣȻҲͬҪǿ̻ˣܽЩĳֳ
Ѿ˿ʼˣС֮󣬲ŽõǷ
ҿҶ㿴һöӫʯֲϲ󣬴󲿷ֶã̻
ܿ콫һöݣ費ʮֲۣҶһ۾ˡ
Ҷֵһ̣һֻ˹ȥöݡ


1643 ֶ
Ҷһ۾ͿöƹβͲݵĶҶҪȥõʱһֻ˹ȥޱȡ
Ҷһ䣬Ѿ֪˭ŵˣȻʱңҪԼڵڶ䣬ֻǲлӮԼ
ȻҶ㿴ˣñߣֱһɨֱӷ˻ȥ˿ʼöݡ
˭Ҳ˭һƷɣĿľֹҶѡϣǿѡõĶ
ֻҪҶòϣҶ겻ڶȻͻ̭ܻӮŵӡ
һֻ֣˽ʣµѾ̭ˣֻܼϡ
ԷͼԣȻﵱɱ㣬ֹõϣʤˣʱޣһʱܿͻȥ
Ҷڸ̨ϵׯ¶һ˿ŭ⣬û뵽˱ɣĵֶλҶ㡣
ֻҪòϣҶȻͻ䣬ҲΥ˭Ҷ̫ˣڲϣҶõϵĺֹһҡ
¶ЦεҶܣֻҪҶ֣ͻֹ˫£ҶҪõϣôס
ӿҶ㴦ƣȴﲻæҲʮֽΪʱԽԽ٣ڵȥҶõһöӫʯһ鷢ʯͷѹ̻ܿ
Ȼϲ棬Ҿ棡
ҶĿͻȻ¶ɭɭ⣬ʱ䲻ˣԼҲ𣬶ҺõĲ϶ˣʣµĲϣ󲿷ֶǲ̻ܿ
ಣ
ҶͻȻʧԭأٶʩչεֻʣ¼ǧм䡣
ҶʧŵҲһʧ׷ҸϣΧЩϲϵתȦ

ҶͻȻһܣֱӵĺ棬ҽͻȻ̤ƨϣֱӷ˳ȥݺݵײڿϡ
һʱ֮ɣŵžҶ㣬ȴٶҶ㣬ײһֱײ˳ȥ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
̲סˣȫµ棬ȻһôĿܴЦ
ղżϣҶĿãҶٶȣֱӭײȳȡ
ɱң
𣿡
Ҷ㼥˵һ䣬ȴܴԶûбҪȥȻֻͱˡ
ʱѾѡ˲ϣһлҶȻٶٿ죬ҲȻ
⿴ٶȣҶ㻯ΪһǣٴλصղŵĵطöѡˣһֱԤ
һ֣õϣ
ŵʯһ޷һȣ֮Уľߣ츳ãһѾ˼׷׼ΧС
һˣҶ㻹лˣѶȴӡ
ԭܶҲ֣Ǵ˿̵˵棬óȻһƷɳ֣»˳Ц
ŵ˻ǰȻɾһԸϰĽɫ
ҶȻ̸Цʹ֮ˣŵУ˴ĸı̬һʱ̣ҲκβҶ㡣
ò˶ã˾γɺΧҶԭأõϣܡ
̨ܣ˸ۣ׷ڳţֱɵֶΣŸҶԣܶ˶֪ˡ
һҶõͷѹǻˣҲҪֹҶٽһ
ҲֵĿЦϣҶϽǾлỨӣϣҶڷϳԽǡ
ϾҶʵ̫ˣ͵Ŀ˳Խ϶
ֿɿˣҿ˵˫ģ˭Ӯ˭䣬
˴ֻı飬˭Ӯ˭䲻ҪҪֿɿ
ƴǰˣֻе󣬿Σճ֡
˭뵽ĵֶΣҶ㲻ս԰ܣֻҪòϣȻڶ֡
һʱʣ޼ׯлʮֽλᣬҪʮꡣ˱ҶûнʮˣԶȸ
ͣ
Ҷ㻬еٶȣǸĦܽٶʩչ˼£һЩϹŶ϶΢΢־֮ɫ
رϣʱҶʱ򣬲Ʒɣȴ˶Ʒɣʱ䣬ʮ츳ܼ
ʱ򣬵Ҷ˶ˣĸ֡
Ҫ֣ôףԯɺҲֻõʮ֣˸ŷ֡
Ҷ֣ԯɺָ֣һģһһЩϸСĵط޸ˡ
֣еҲ޿ޣƫƫҶ̥
һöԭƷӲĸ˼Ʒһһ磬£ЩϹŶǰ̾
黹ûعȥѾ˿ʼҶ㣬ϣ֮ܽսš
𣡡
˿Ҫʱ䵽һ̣öͻȻƾշֱӷɵ˿С
ǵˣγһΧҶ˷סˣ޴ӣҶֱſϡ
˭֪ҶγһĻߣ׹Ȼֱӷɵ˿УһɨöϾС
ã
˽һ֣Ҷַѡ˲ϣǧһ֮ͻȻ֡
ǹܼҪеһ̣Ҷı̬˳Ĵ˺Χ֮ߡ
ֶΣڳˣȻҶ㣬ǲòҶûֶΡ
һˣͱűƵͶ·˵õԴˣжܡ
Ҷ˳õϣׯһòϣҶɡ
ɫ࣬ⲻҶõô򵥣ǶˣΧ֮£ҶõϣǶ˶Ѽˡ
ɫʮѿȻϣһֲŻҶ㣬ڵڶֻܸá
һ֣ñƴžͻһ̭ΪûõϣһֱҶζɹ̭ȥ
ʱ䵽
Ҷصһ̣ʱ䵽ˣвȫʧһǧˣѡԼĶ
Ҷ磬ղŵˡ
Ҷû£һ֮ɫŹĵı飬ߵҶǰʮеʵ
㵣ˣ
Ҷﴥһ£˵ĵζܲܣҶҲĹˣȻҲ֪˵ĵĸо
û¾ͺã϶õûõЩ϶㣬ܲõζ˵Ҫ
˵꣬ԴҶ㣬ϣҶܼȥ
һٶٴλˣҶʲôһ˽Ϊôࡣ
ˣѾѡˡ
Ҷóѡеֲϣö費ݾС
Ҷ磬ӫʯʲôã
ӫʯʮֺ棬ϾҲһˣһЩʮ˽⣬Ψӫʯһߡ
ʱ֪ˡ
ҶһЦȻԼˣ϶ô


1644 ͨ
õϣҶãһ뿪ҵʵλã׼ڶֱ
ΪصûرƣҶӼ໥ҲһӦڷϣҶԳ̫ࡣ
Żǿ󣬼ϰޣڵľ磬վǳ֮ƣʱһãһͻƿ
ڿʼ̻ʱ涨ʱ㹻һöˡ
̻һʱԣǰڲ׼Թ涨ʱʱ䣬Ϊ˱֤ÿ˶ɣĹԡ
˻ʱѾһׯһЩƣʱóҲûʶ˻ʱʡ
˷׷׿ʼĥõĲ϶˳óʮ֣ٵóʮΨҶ㣬ֻϣһӫʯûʲôá
Ҷõֲϣŵ˷׷״ЦΪҶҲΣͷѡļֲϡ
ӫʯ費ݣмôֵĲϣƶ·ߣûȥ񣬾ĲϣҲƳ߼ֱǿЦ֮
ЦҶ޶ãϹȻռһ棬ǶһˣҶ˭꺣֮ӵȻҪκβϣҲ̻ܿһö
ش뵽ֽ֮ϣһ·ǿֻҶ㻹δ־磬Ҷ㲻Ҫϣ־̻ܿ
Ҷ磬㲻ǣԼˡ
ӻҶ︺̫أѹһֱ϶
һȺСѣֵҹע
ҶЦһƣ֪ٴΣѲߣֱӸˡ
Ҷ㣬һ˶֪ôģȻҴԲѣǶСʲô
ˣ֮ҶһȺС󣬽˶˽ȥ
Сʲôһֶòʲôʸ񳰷ңˣ
Ҷ㷴˻ȥȻ㲻С󣬾óɼϧһҶǹھʸ˵
ӶҶŭĿӣҶ˵ĲҲֻʸ˵Ļ
˭С󣬽ˣȻͻ
Ҳ˵ʱֻаʱʱ䲻ˣ̻ϣܴĥһķ
ҶҲ˵ʼĥϣֻĥȽϿ죬ܹҲʼ¼˭Ĳϣ̻
ֳƴ𰸻繫Խıǹƽ˭ķǿȻһ۾ܷ
ӫʯҶˣΪһεξӨ͸ʣ뵽Щ֮Уö費ݣѻݣҪѻ档
˭Ļˣѻݿ԰ҩ޸ڿ̻ǵһʹá
ЩѡĲϣܿͷ׷׼¼ϣԺԻȥоϾЩʮֱˣȥҲù
Ҷֱ֣ӱҺˣȻ֣Ҳ̻һöȻҲ˳Ҷ㣬˵һֱɡ
˵ˣׯ϶¶֮ɫҶֲϣûôҶܻΪ档
ڳˣֻлҶ㣬˶ҡˣ϶⡣
һǿҶ㣬õһֹھżȻ
ǵڶ֣Ǵ۾ҶֻõϣһӦùţǣҶȻѡõĲϡ
ֲϺܿ׼ϣѾ˿ʼ̻ˣʣµһǧˣɽһֶ̳֣к
ǿ쿴ԯɺܳ˲ƣ
˷һԯɺܣ˴ƬĲɫƲʣЩǷģγֵԯɺ軹Ĳ򵥡
ʱ䣬󲿷Ŀⶼԯɺˡ
ǿ֣УܳһΣһɷ
ܿ죬һȣ˷׷׿֣С
һкãһԯɺ裬һ֣Уƣ鶰ţHԾȵȡ
ɽׯ˼Ʈݣ̫˧ˡ
һЩŮʼУԼĿˣ˼һ
ϹϹͣ˹ȥΧһ·Щġ
ʼڵĳȺҲһ䶯Χ·ҲǾش
Ψ߳·һĸ֣뵽֮УӲס
ֻܶģ£޷·뵽һ;վСɾͲ˷ʡ
ռոҲȻЩȻһأܽһأⲻ󡣡
һһ⼸ʮˣҲֻϣߵ
úúãŵʯһͷϷ·ʮ⣬öһǼƷ
ӵÿһ䣬Щǰкã츳ʱ򣬸ﵽ
ʮһεķɽȻ㲻߼ʢᣬҲʾ۷ˮ׼
ΪһʮһȵǷ۷ʢᣬһٮٮߣ
˵õһоͻΪųϵˣμǷ֮˳һɵڽлΪƷٷ֮һ˽ڡ
ΨҶ㣬ûۣΪûзĲ˻ɣҶһصεõھģǲɺϡ
Ѿ˿ʼˣһööƷɷ֣мƷɷ˸ܷ˸֯һĻ档
һٮٮԯɺɷųϵ˶ʼβܷ˸ԽԽࡣ
ܵܵĲֱڵϣʼ򾳽磬ĺ£ʮһΡ
ʯʦֺ÷
Ҷ㲻ԶʯһҲԼķһöƷɷƷɾ磬̻ƷƷɷǳĲˡ
ͬʦֵܵͣʯһϸһ˿֮ɫƾöһֿӮҶˡ
ҶҲ̻ܿƷɷ˫ֻǴһƽ֣ƾҶϣ̻ܿƷɷ
Сˣڻûгͣҿûϣˡ
˾ۼһ𣬴ųЦղ˼й֮£ҶõѾ棬һһҪһҶ㵱˵棬ѧС
Щ̻õɷ׷׻ΣЩΪıҲлΪޣ̬β롣
ϸһǼʮθԡ
ԯɺ軯εһֻƵ̬ǳǿΧζҿ±ԯɺͬ
֣е֮һֵֻϻǳʱʱķʮ
֮󣬱һŮֳԲ䵶Ĳϣô߼ԸкܴĹϵ
ʯһ޵ΪһӦڹԵķ
һǧ˿̻һǧ̬Ϊÿ˲ĶһǴӻ̬֮ܿ˭ǿ˭

Ȼ֮䣬һ˵˼ŵһģһƨ˵ϣĺ·ܳ˵ꡣ
һɫڻ᳡ϿգȻ
һƬƬɫƬˣâⲻӫʯɫ


1645 쳹
ʱʣʱ򣬻᳡Ͽճһ
ɲԯɺӰ
˿̵Ͽգէһۿ
ʷһȻҶͷ֮ϣЩӰʼܲסҪսȥ
Щ̻õţ׷׼ӡԼ̻ķӰս֮УȻᱻɫɵԷ
ǻһñŵʯһޣɫһ̾ɵöӰ
ܿ죬ϵļƷɷһƷԭļƷȫʧ
ʯһ޵ķӰ֮ٴһ趯˵ķӰɵһɶ
žЩͼͳͳ޷ãջصĶһա
ĳ˭ЩǧϹŶ׷ɵˡ
ʲôӰΪʵʣ˵ķӰ׳ǳӶᡣ
գۼĹ򣬾ʮ˱ɵӰƷƷƷƷƷǱƷƷɷֱӱ˷ϷΪ
ɫһȦ֮󣬾ȻصҶͷϿգɫâѾˡ
ЩɫƬӫʯĹâѻݣ·ӵһ㣬걻ˣΪҶ㱾֮ε֮
ⲻܣĲܣһ١
˴һΪⲻܣϣȻΪǿҵزĻΪʵʣ˵
˻ʱʻ趯һöö·ˣÿ̻ȻȻĸڷֽ档
Щϧ·ʮһվӣʶһ̣ȫҶ㣬һҲŹΪ·Ҳûм
ŷȻǹŷĺۼ
һ߷˵Ҷ̻ŷţǽ죬ƿԣŴͣ޲ھͳȥҶο̻ġ
ΪУҪݣֻܵҶ̻
ֻȽƽϾĿùҶ̻ɹŷԲ֡
Ҷϣ̻ŷͷǳˣ˵һ漣
ŷ֣׷վһעҶ㣬ֳͻȻһžղŻ쳣Ļ᳡ͻȻš
Ϊû˴ֽ࣬·ضΧҶת̧䣬⾳
ԯɺ趼ͶĿ⣬Ӱص֮Уûбɣ˿̶ҶҲǿҵĺġ
ԯɺ磬ʮʱȸͷǳʮ꣬˵һöɷ
ܿ컯Ϊǳ֮⣬뵽Ҷϵɷ֮Уʱ֮䣬Щӫʯ˸Ĺâ
˿̣ҲΪҶҪӫʯˣҪĿģǳơ
˭뵽ССһöӫʯȻôãԿ̻ôƣֱδš
ЩϹŶ׷׳棬Ҷֲϼ¼ڲᣬȻȥʱҲоо̻ܲܿϢ
ʧҶɷҲʱҲ˽ڵ㣬ðʱҶɹ̻һöɷ
ֵö˵ɵҲܿҶöǲǼƷҪˣҪƷɷķӰɵˡ
һǧˣ׷ɸԵķЩɵɷƼѽһˣŹҲֻʯһ޻лᣬȻΪƷɷҲǵȼǳĸߡ

˱Ǽɷֻжлһ֣ҵĶˡ
һʮţȥЩˣʣµʷǳӽѡһʮˣǳļҡ
еɷһ𣬲ҪѡöɷչΪ˹ƽ˵ɷҲһҾĿá
˭ǿ˭һΡ
ʯһɫҶ֣ϿһӰֲĸо
һȫûҶضӮǣȻһҶֻõһҲӮš
ȻŲģʵͰǰݲκεı⡣
Щ̭ĵӣɫԽԽѿǲеϣʯһ޵ˡ
һʯһҲܽǸô죬ֻҪʯһ˳һնɱҶ㣬һ߻ᡣ
ĿĿ£˫Ŀ͸ɺ֮ɫ·ڱŭıԵʱܱߡ
ΧһˣҶ˳õԴɹ̻һöɷǳ裬޷ĥĳ衣
ЩҶ㴦ţ׷׹עƾղһöԵ춨Ҷķ츳
һЩϸڵĶʼھﴫܶõϢ
ЩϢһʱ˶ˣһʮʮ٣ٴǧǧ򡭡
Ҷ飬˳׵ھ֮ǰҶ㲻Ʒɣôܡ
ԭΪҶֻǷ츳߶ѣŵΪͣڶƷɾ
ⲻ֪ԶԶô򵥣ڰ޷壬ҶŭɱˣԾƷɣնɱɾ
ԽսЩ񾭶ЩľˣһϣҶ㶯ɱ
ǵȻϣŴȥһ޴в
رǿҶķ츳˳ڣڸĵ׵һĨʡ
˾˱ԼãԷǳңȥȼţ衣
츳ǳĸߣҵĲƽʵҪ֡
ׯüͷԽԽû뵽Ҷôʹ˹Ĵ򣬸нʵ
ʩչһηǳԴΪ˴Ҷ飬һЩҲǻȥˡ
ҲһõھҲܹעǵڶֽû˿סˣҪҶôðģǰûκεϢ
ҲįˣҲٹģŵ´ҺĴڡ
ӷʧ֮ݱŸʼڵѾ˴ҵĹעˡ
ׯĵĻǳˣˣҪرܿ϶ܣԭֻҶһϣı©
ҲҪҶ㵽Ʒɵʱ򣬲Ƴȥ쳹Ĵ
̫ˣһЩƷƷƷƷɣҶ׷׶ɱ
ѵҶȥ֮һֱ
ȻҶķδһ̤򣬿϶׷ɱΨһİ취ׯͻȻ뵽һ취¶һ˿Цݡ
СӣλȥҪúõĴһˣϣճɳ
ׯǵĺ룬¶Ц⡣
ʮУĿ֮£ʼһǧöÿһöɷ棬˷
ϵĻҲʱڳֱ仯˷ܿˡ
󲿷ֶʮ֣߰ʮ֣õһٷֵļ١
⣬õһٷֵĻԽǿһҶ㻹ܲõ֡
ϾղӰȻＫȲϣʵǰ˭Ҳ޷粵
һЩϹŶҲ־֣ǧѳһΣҪ֮ˣлᣬγ֮һĻᡣ


1646 
һööʮƺ⽫Щſ̻ɷŵҲӡ
һЩʿǰķѾˣһٶˣЩиķ֣Ҳֲȣհܷ㡣
ܿʯһ޵ķŵĶˣ˻⵽ֻ̭ܵͣʮ֡
ҪʯһҲ̭ˣ롣
ʮУܿ𰸣ʯһ޻һٶʮ֣Ȼ㿿ǰʱһٿ⡣
ĳɼܺãҲˣǷӰҶɵҲжٷҡ
Խܣһٶʮ֣ұ֤ܲܽһ֣üκ˶ҲۣڶҶˡ
ʯһ޵ķӰףʮУûһ
һҶ㣬ϣȣڷӰΪʲô˵ģʮУҲ޷жϡ
ڼֻʣʮˣǳĿǰһ֮󣬶һʮ֮ϡ
ģʯһ޵ŵһʮ⣬滹ʮˣһζʯһ֮ϣ̭ȫû
ûгֹ飬ϾԷƣ̭̫ˡ
һٰʮ֣˽һ֣Ž֮ɫ˳ģ׷뿪м򣬻صԼŵķλ
Ҷһʮŷ֣
ӿһʮ֣
ٻһٶʮ֣
ٻӾȻʯһ޻֣ʯһޱҶɵӰҲһٰʮϡ
ʮˣƻմҶĹ⣬ܷ˸ɷϣ˺óɼ
һپʮ֣
ոһٰʮ֣
ڻһʮ֣
ԽڣԽԽӽһҧһʯһɫĿ£滹жʮˣԼѾŵһٰʮˡ
ķ֮ϣ˶Ƶ±Եϡ
һһʮ˷֣
ͻȻðһһһʮ˷ֳǰڱַǳһƥϧڵڶ֣ӰҲҶɵɷƷʴۿۡ
ŵ˿ʼֻҪһ˷һٶʮ֣ʯһ޾Ϳ˳һ֡
Ҳڷ׷׹עҶŵıȶѾ֪
ҶӰûڵһֻùھ֮϶ҵĹע
鵽һѾزͷˣҼҶʣ˹ע
ⳡȶǼ򵥵ô򵥣
˭䣬Ϊۡ
˿ׯЦݣһ˿棬Ȩȫץׯ
ƺһʼ֪Ҷķ츳ѣлӮš
뵽񼸺ɱˣĶסҶ㣬ֻҪлᣬһ֮նɱ
ԺɱһĿ⣬Ҷ޶ãȻŵЦݣվԭأ˵Цһܰˡ
һٰʮ֣
˼һپʮ֣
ԽԽ٣ֻʣʮˣԽ棬Խߣʯһ޶ͷѾ΢΢غ
Ҫʮȫɡ
ܻ쵽ز˭ûԸ׵ϧ
ϹͶٷ֣
κԶٷ֣
ʼֶٷˣʯһ޵һĳ˹ȵסŵѾ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ţHԾһʮ֣
˳˶ٷ֣Խ棬ԽԽߣƵԯɺ裬Ҳڶϡ
һһʮŷ֣
ĻͻȻһһһʮŷ֣ʯһ޾Ȼ˿ʼ·ȵõ˹ھҪˡ
ŵҲһҿʼ໥ףֻҪʯһ˳һ֣ͻлᣬ˳ڻ֮УҶնɱ
˰ʯһһۣЩţŵţȻ䵽˳̶ȣҪ˵ɫԼ
鶰ٶʮ֣ԽԽߣֻʣˡ
ƶʮ֣
ƶʮ֣
ƵķҶ΢΢һû뵽Ƶķ츳֮ߣ֮ϡ
֣еɷֳһƬžҪ֪֣еɷܴﵽٷ֣²⣬Ҳڶʮϡ
ƷɷƷɷ
֣еɷ޿ޣƷɾ̻ƷɷԽ̻ˣɷ覴ãǼƷеļƷ
ʮ˺ܿҲ˴Ļ棬ʮ֡
ֻ˸֣˻ڰ˷ֵŷ֮䡣һЩ΢΢覴ãǺԲ
ؼʱˣֻʣԯɺҶɷȼ˭ģһֱڹע
˵ԯɺҶ֮ϣȻȿҶģ֣еҪҶߵĶöࡣ
ǴҶֱΪѹϷ󹫲
ʮһԯɺǰʮеӿʼбҶ㡣
ȻԯɺһǸŷȣ΢ôһ㡣
ƴǲôһ㣬Ҳ֮
޷⣬ֶΣֲǶ򣬲֮壬ʧ֮ǧ
ʮһ̸ϵĹĦԯɺɷƷ׼޿ˣûмҶ֣öɷʮܸ֡
ҶɷûǲҸ֣һɷٴγԽǸô졣
Ŀ֮£ĻϷһ֡
پʮ֣
ֳˣԯɺ費겻ľţȻ˸߷֣Ҫ֣лҪ߳ܶࡣ
ķЦȺۣԯҲǹϼ壬ǷÿᣬǷõΡ
ֻʣһˣ˿̵ʯһһپʮҶ˳Եڶһ˳һ֡
һķ̣һֻǱǰһһֵĳɼ
Ҷֹͣ˽̸ʮΧҶ㳯ϵ˵ͷҲˡ
ҶСѣ겻Ϸ򼸸ٴιĿ࿴
ΪʮֿƺҶΪСѣɼƽȶԴ
ϾҶɳٶȣֲ̫ˣһɳ磬˭Ҳ޷סˡ
λǰϣǰָ㣡
Ҷʮǫ飬еڻеģܸϹϵԼԺķչĪİ
ӵƷΪѣǺܶ顣
̸ָϣǻʵΪ˭ϵãͺ·ܳΪУҲˡ
ηʱ˵Ȼǹĳɼûһ˷ŵĳҲС
ʮ֮У˾ŵĳϣǲ٣һ٣ͻõС
λǰ룡
ҶһһԼ˵һԣ顣
ʮˣΧһȦĿöɷһյʱ䣬վֱӣ̧ͷǿգ֮Уһ˿֮ɫ
ǼԯɺɷҲ˼ʮʱ䣬ҶߣѾһյʱˣûн
ҲǲԸĽҲǳٳûд𰸣໥ѯʽҲҶ̻ɷǼķΧֿܶС
ܿʮ˴һ£ʼһֳĻ档


1647 
һʮ˵ͳһͬķ
ǿ쿴ˣ
˺һ䣬ҶķˣȻԯɺǰ棬ٷ֣֣ڶҶ㾹Ȼ֡
ⲻܣ̻ʲôɷ˸ߵķԹѾ˼꣬Ҳûдﵽֵʱ򡣡
˲⣬ٷֲΪοϾÿĲһ
ȴǲɼˣ߷Ҳһ룬ͺñԯɺ裬ûҶ㣬ܴﵽپʮ˷ҡ
۷׷ףʼ໥ۣŵĳ϶֣ⲻ߼ѵ֪ԼŵĵӸҶжԹ𣿡
Ͳ֪ˣĹ֤Ĺƽԣκˡ
Ȼǰ˼١
λǵп
ȻʮжˣԵĳһ䣬Ϊ˱֤ķڷ
λǰļȻûֻҪĿһöֵɷ֪λǰǹһ
ҲֻܷֻҪöɷȻˣֵֵֵá
ȻԹۿڶ࣬ÿһɣ
˿̶ҶҲûгɼˣҶ㳹׷Ʒ磬Ҳò̾ˡ
ܿ죬ٸţѡһ׷ϳУַۿҶöɷÿһʮˣʮʱ䡣
÷Ǻ÷
һȻǷޣǶһк˽⣬Ҷö֮޲ڡ
Ǻ÷ֻ·ƺûмô£
Ҳ֮ƷϵȣֻǴһкܶǣִӺζ
ⲻǵ⣬ǴĽȻ˿̶Ҷ㻳е⣬Ҳᵱ˵ϾǴ֮ͥ£óȻöɷãǸвдһ⡣
ֱѯʣʵڷҶɷ˵ļɣ׵ĽҶɷ񶨵ˣ
Ȼһ䣬ܶ˷׷׸ͣҪ֪öɷ׺Ϊκܶ·ʮİ
һª򾣬ζڷֽ֮ϣʮѿ࣬Ҷöɷ϶ԯɺɷ
˵ĿˢˢľۼڲϣǸģȻǽ͡
˭
Ϊվ˳лɵĿ˻ص
ųϵ˶ҡҡͷʧˣӵһöڵӵһöʣöѲ֪١
ŵ˵ȻһЩϹŶȻҲһЩ½ֻ֪δ
Ϊǰöɷʲôϵ
Ϲĳվ˳ʵ
Ҳ˵ͷҪ֪öɷѵйɡ
ûйϵҲ֪öɷ֮ϣӵζƾһ㣬ԳԽκˡ
ΪĽͺˣҶɷ棬ӵζǶô
ڳˣֻôȼʮ˼˸˵֪ʲôζˡ
ʲô֮䵮֮ǧ֮ߵıҲص֮γɵĵһ硣
з׷׵ͷǴ󲿷˶ȻлȨоŵϣǴ
ⲻܰɣСС֪ͣ˵ˡ
Ժһϴų֮ɫǿԺҶҲǺˡ
˭˵ܲеϡ
˷˽Ժĳϣֻһִûмĺֹ򣬵ôˣܲζ
ǰʱ򣬾Ϳ̻ζѵʱҲ𣿡
˼˵Щأ̻ζֹҶһˡ
ЦȣôʱѾˡ
һ¶ЦǺˣ޲ɱҶ졣
ɸ¥ƽҲǴӷһЩ˺ЩһһлҪڷչ
νվ˳ǼάҶ㣬κ£˸ûʲôϵ
Ҷ˵һ䣬öɷζ֮Ը֣Ϊһöŷǽֽۿ
ʱվ˳ĸϱһ£˶׷¶֮ɫ
һССҶ㣬ȻĴĹעƾҫܱȼ硣
վԶĻӣ˫¶֮ɫԼˣһǶصˣˡ
ҶˣȻǧһصĺˣﴥԽԽƺЩ벻Ҷˡ
Ҷɴһ̣ǶôҪɱҶ㡣
ڻһ£ɱҶ㣬һȽȽţԼ
η˵Ļ˹Ȼɷһ򣬽ۿ˶ȥ
̫˼ˣ
˷̾һЩղŷҶˣ׷¶ѿ֮ɫ
Ȼζ
Ϲĳ¶˼֮ɫѵҶѳţҲгΪ۵ʸ
Ǿ̫ɲˣɽֹⲻϡ棬ܳɳ۵ģָˣҲδܳһۣɽ缸ʮ궼ûгֹۡ
󲿷ۣ絮ɽԴޣѾǼޡ
Ȼ磬ɳĿռԽԽСܳɳʳ̶ȣͷǳס
Ϊ񣬷ΪȻǺ÷
ԯĳʱվ˳ղһֱû˵һһ֮Ҳ֮
ԯ壬һŲʤһԷ⣬Ȼж֮
ѻȸҲû˷ˣȥԳ衣
ԶЩδܿˣ֪ʲôǿҳԾı飬ѾѲ³Ҷöɷȷй֮
ȻҶûˣ쵽˽ǲûһ֡
һʱ˵ıҶȻ˵һɼˢɽм¼
ǰٳֵһָڶͬһõһ
Сӣղҵˣԭд㣬֪ŻԴϸ
ׯҶԴղѡϵʱׯȷʵġ
Ҷѣ
ҶЦһʵȷǽңôһ˿˿òκԴ
ֻҪһöӫʯҶ㶼ֻܽҪôĺ䶯ܡ
ߣǻȥɣŻ
ׯҶ粽룬˿̵ǻҶζɲˡ
ҵ뷨ͬȻҶ㣬Ҳад㽫Ҷߵģϵζ
õİ취ǽҶ㱣Ψһķ򣬾Ǵ粽롣
صջӵ˻ȥϢҪĿģҶúõϢһ
Ҷ㣬ԯɺ軹֣еŰݷãǲ
ҶڷãׯͻȻ˽üͷҶʵ
ˣ
Ҷ¶˼֮ɫ˼һĴߵ˾꣬ضΪΪͻȻԼ
ǽɣ
һ£Ҷ㻹Ǽǣ̽һǰʲô
ҲǴ飬ҪɱԼǲڻ֮һ˶ϡ


1648 
Ҷʰһһ׸ɾ·վԺ棬
ܿ죬ׯ֮£˷׷̤ҶԺӣϲδ¶ǿҵĵ⣬ƺƽһ˿
ԯ֣֣֣
ԷŰݷãҶҲϾǿ͡
Ҷֿˣ
ԯɺ֣һȻ˲ͬһȴѾãڼҲйν˴ЩϤǶҲ֤ǹϵͷͬһ㡣
λ룡
ǴׯѾߣԺͱʶԯɺ֣κβҪɱҶΪһʱܿơ
˸Ҷȿڡ
֪λͻȻٺᣬкָ̣
ҶƽƽûΪԼԵԼˡ
ָ̲ҵֻҪҶֽѣԺڷϣĽ໥ȡʶ
֣пЦһҶǳǸΪ˸һҪ飬ǰлɱҶ㡣
Ŷ֮
ҶܳӣţŸԼѣȷʵЩңֻ棬ҶЩŪС
Ҷ㻰з̵ĳɷ֣Ǽ˼Ҳţǵľ磬ȻҶǿҲڵŵĵز
̸һЩ޹ʹĻ飬ҶֲֻᣬҲѯʣӽ̸֮Ҷʵ޶⡣
ĳ㣬ȷʵҪҶѣݣ¼ӣȥΪͽҶ㡣
ЩνţӱʲôҪ
Ҷ㲻ͬ˽ģ۶Է磬ñֱҶһֱѣΪľԼӶԷ
һʱ˫Ǽ򵥵һһԯɺԼ֣ж˵Լĵá
ҶҲģ֮⣬һЩϸڣҲ򵥵˵һЩһЩ飬Ҷֻһ
Ҷ֣Ľ̸ǳĴϣԺлᣬԼ
˿ʱ䣬Ѿˣ컹лһأҲȥҪ׼׼׼ǡ
ҾͲˣ
Ҷվӣλ˹֣һֱƽȵ̬ȣΪԷ߳Լü磬αǰһء
ҲˣҶѱһ࣬ӵǣӲηǿȨ
뿪ׯ˳¶һ˿˼֮ɫ
ʦܲ³ͻȻ𣿡
ҶǾãǲԵ޹ʵ϶ʲôĿġ
ֿܣ
ׯϾһǧ꣬ʶ㣬Ѿ²һЩ
֣
ҶʵҲǲóȻǰ϶ʲôĿġ
һ̽㣬˽飬ϣ֮УһЩӦĶԲߣϾңŹھġ
ڶĸ㽻ҾֿԲȻĽʱ򣬶Ƿ֮󡣡
ׯ˵ֿܣҶ˵ͷԼ²Ĳ࣬Էһһ̽ʵڶǽ
ȲҪȥˣ»䣬㲻ȥϢɣ󣬲ؼģغ
ׯҶ㲻Ҫȥģ׼ıģȱ֮˵
Ҷתص˷䣬ģĿϢϢ״̬
ػһ˵ĻҶŻ꺣֮Уǳǿ󣬲ϵĴ油ԼĻԴԴĹӦ
һջ˾ۼһһɫرǺˣȻʯһ˳һ֣ȴ˲
Ϊ˭Ҳұ֤һܲӮҶ㣬ʮȫҪ
䲻Ҳˡ
ϣǸô죬ѵҶһֱȥ𣿡
һŵվʵ
ȥ
ͻȻЦһ¶֮ɫ
Сӵڣ
һһֵĴӺĳ֮УȻ½ܸܳͷųɱ
а취ɱˣ
ʮһˣǲа취ɱҶˣϾڻ֮УҲȷһ
Ǽȥʯһ£
˰˰֣˳ȥֻʯһһˣϾֻһ˳һء
˷׷վ뿪䣬ֻʣʯһ޸ˣš
һأʮֹؼ׼𣿡
Դǵʵһ˿ɣǴĿǡ
׼ˣŵһСնɱڻ֮С
ʯһվ֤ĶƴҲҪնɱҶ㣬ŵ
ܺãľˣƾΣգСӵĻʮֹ죬һػ㣬˵ɱԱ⡣
̽Ҷ㣬Ļǳأһǿʯһޣ鷳ˣʯһҪɱôס
Ǹô죿
ҶпܸԼʯһЩˣҪһҲܽɱҶ㣬鷳ˡ
İɣ׼ˣд˰γնɱ
˵ָ꣬óһöķҺ÷ܶǽƣâ͸ȥ
ԶںһһջҶͻȻ˫Ŀ꺣֮еöͻȻ
֣
Ҷ֣Լ꺣֮еķͻźţѵĴڣ
⡭
ʯһЩţҲЩţ˵ǽͰ͡
ûţԭǰȥģγõھ
ԭ׼ˣ׼ϣܶúΡ
ⲻŵö
ʯһŴͣЩţŵöЩطͬ
ŵɫöǳɫ߽Ȼͬ
˵ĲǷڵڷѣųɹõ缫֪Ȼ֪ˣҪϢй¶ȥ֪
˵֮꣬УһɺâҪʯһ޸й¶ȥֱӽʯһնɱ
ףй¶κϢ
ʯһֲɵӣȻܼ⣬һǴģҪ֪϶Цš
ϧһдۣնɱӣȻҲó򲻵ѣܶãⱻ˲
Ҳ⼸֪֪ͨϢԶ֮նɱҶ㡣
ö֮ص֮ݱɵĵһ·˷̬ϡ
ͨķǷֽ̻Ȼγɣץܲκʣ·һεĴڡ
һҹҶϢĲãʱɫЩҰס
ׯʮֽΪһ죬Ҷľ״̬˱仯
֮ŵҲˣѵҶ⣬Ƕһûʲôա
Ҷ磬û°ɣ
ӴŹ֮ɫҶʵ
û£ǳɣ
Ҷһɫָ˺ܶ࣬ԵþϵĸӦԼҶղܣûϢá


1649 
֮Ժָܿʲôеľȫع顣
Ҷǰ䱸֣϶Ǻ£ŪŸ׳нڻ֮лɱԼ
飬ҶׯûиκˣӦǳԼġ
̤ջӭ߽ˣϤס

ԶˣԪҲУϣڸȸ
һȥ᳡
ׯ˰֣ǸԼһȥȫбϡ
һ·֮ϣׯ⼸췢򵥵˵һ飬ԶϵĻͷҶ㣬Ƿ´½һȫʶҶˡ
Ԫһֱû˵˸ϵɱ𽥻⣬Ҷ⼸Ϊ֮һɡ
׳ĺûᣬô˻ᣬĴ򡣡
ԶΪһμõĻᣬųü
䲻ǰҶƵ˷˼ϣҲԭ򡣡
ׯüͷ壬üˣҶȴΪʸ֮ģ˵ö֮ׯϣľ
İɣСأȻȥһЩΪ֮ãû˿ɱ
ԶٺЦ˼ׯóһЩѪƼö⻯൱ԼһƷɣԱ֮
֣һ֣ׯ϶ưոݣһʵʩзϳ֣϶Ĳɽƽ⡣
ׯһۣΪ⻯ôƣÿһöޱ൱һַԼܵˣȻûԸƣ˺ʶ˵ıԴ
Զô˵ׯĶˣҶɳһȼٷܶ꣬һö⻯Ĳʲô
̸߱ܿϵ᳡мѾڳˣһƴĶǳľ޴һӴĽ
ֻһڣһڣ˽ȥ֮󣬿ĻһȻǹھ
ɼõʱ֪ûܴ¼
ʣ¶ˣһĴڣȻʯһǰ棬ʵΪ϶ʯһޡ
Ҷ㣬Ϊ׶ΣһҪˣǧܳ
ׯҶ˹Ҫһ»İأݽȥ֪δ
һҲǼ˽ȥ֮󣬻һֻþӦͱ߷ɳȥ̭ŷǳ֮࣬Ʋ⡣
֮ҪСһ㣬һȽϻң϶໥̤˭Ҳ㣬Լȥ⡣
ׯǺϾÿĻ𣬲õ˲ͬȻҲ᲻ͬ
˵ڶ򣬻ֳŵȣԽ֮еһЩ󷨣ܶ˾ڵڶ֮УǧҪСģԷ˰ж֡
ׯصָڶ˲࣬ǰ룬з⵽ɱ绹֪˭ﶼ
ǳ㣬浶ǹĽ֣ߵһأȫûжˣ֧ǰأһĴڡ
ǰأвͬƣȥ޷߳
ǻ֮ߣ󹥻ʱܳٶȡ
˵󲿷ֶʱʱ֮䡣
ӽǣ
أҶһһΣȥʱ򣬾ܿһЩԼˡ
ԸһҶ㲻£ͻܲסȺǣõİ취ζ
ܻܲõһҶ㲻ҪҪǴֻҪնɱʯһޣһֻҪ˳ԡ
׼ϣۿȻҪ컹Ҫ࣬ܶ˶ǴԶΪķᣬͬѰҶ̥
֣˵Ŀ⣬һأҶܼܲ漣Ǳնɱڻ֮С
˭Ҳ֪󼴽ʮз׷һ˭ҲȨ棬ҲУ
ʱ俼ǣ˳лᣬĻҪ꼸ǿ٣ҪǾԼУԿ˳
һ˵ˣϣԼһ£ߵһףҪڻ棬ȷʵЩϧ
ֳһƬžû˺ˣҲû˵ߵһ˭Ҳ
ܺãȻû˳󣬽սɣ
һ£̤֮У޴ڣһѾ޵Ĵڣһڽȫɽȥ
ž˭Ҳ֪ʲô˵ֳĻϷԶʧ
ҶоԼ壬Ǳһεʰܿʧһɵ硣
ӳǰããһƬҶ㿴Լ壬·ʧˣʵûгȣֻһ磬˳߳ȥȻɹ
ܿ죬Ҷ㷢ֲܳٻÿһˡ
Ų˼һĻ֣ҶʶһСˣԼģ࣬ڰɫɵ硣
ʮԼҶһܣĵۣ֮Щɫ˲Զֿ
ЩԻãöԷ˴ˣֻӦֻ֣е˽ǰܿС
ͻȻԪģߣʼʱЩӦ֮ԺҶӦ꺣֮ŻϵķֽҶʱʢ״̬
һЩСţѾᣬܲסǿĻѹȣܲܶȹһ򣬶һδ֪
Ҷ㲻£Ҳ£ҵڶȱ֮󣬿ǰȡߵǰ棬ɹļҲӡ
Ԫαװ費ģҶ㲻֪ԼĻԴԴϵĹӦõĻĵ֡
վס
ҶҪ̤ԭأͱԪסԼȥ·ԪȼӦƷҡ
ȻҲǿ󣬵ҶԪ˶¶Ц֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬ԩ·խԪǾܼ̳츳ܣᱻǵõ
Ԫ񷢳ЦţҶ϶ʣֻҪɵԪһжԼˡ
ɨһۣǵԪȷԼǿ󣬱Ͼ̫֣߳࣬Լռƣѹֺܶ˾ͲԼһء
ǰ츳ǵأȻûйϵԪȡߵͣԽߣԪԽǿ
Ҫɱң
Ҷ¶ЦȻ岻٣ԪҶ㣬ֻһС档
㻹е֪֮治ɱ㣬ǽ󣬾ڣ
˶ˣҶǳʣ͵һ̣ץ˻ᡣ
ǺţΪҶ۸ɡ
ҶͻȻޱ˫֮Уɱǳˡ
Բѣڣ֪츳Ψһ
һ֣γɹŹֵ̬ҶԪûҪɵҶĻǡ
Ӧǣ
Ҷ㲻˷֮͸޾Ĺԣһ䣬ԪȻͣԭزܶˣޱȡ


1650 Ԫ
һĻˣ֮һĹ⻷Ԫ񶨸ԭأ޷
ͻȻɫ䣬ѹ֪ʲô飬ΪԪܶˣҶü֮䣬ǹĹâô¡
Ȼ֮䣬ҶԪ˰ʳǵĻǣһ˿˿Ļ뵽Ҷ꺣֮С
һҶ㶼ͬʲô顣
ԭҶ֮ۿסǣͫȱȴ벻ô򵥡

Ҷ׹ղԼڻ꺣֮Уۣ֮ĹԳˣ׵ѹԭء
ͨйؼڣҶ˷ܵҪԭԷá
ѵ
ҶͷһӦҲڻ֮Уɱķɡ
ţһǣΨţӵѵ뵽˻֮С
Ҷ˼ά磬ܿͨ˺ܶһԭɴ֮С
ɵˣҶԪǣɢһ⻪˶ƷɣɵƷɣҶ㾳˲ɶ
ܺãɵ߼ɣҾͿͻƵƷɾˣ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц֮УԼͻƾһκûᡣ
ת뿪ûͣټˣҲܵģס˹ѾǼˡ
ǳĻŻڲϵķֽҶĻģֲղɢĹΡ
ǰޱ޼ʣҶѹ֪ڶжԶָֻܰʾߣûʱȫƾ־¡
һõķţʲôҪȻ־
־ĴԽǿ־ȻҲʢ
͸ۣ֮Ҷ㷢Ҳв໥ɱ٣Ǻܶ
ĻϷܿʧ֣ͬһʱʧޱȡ
ĹڣֻܶĻϣԼĵӣܰȫĻųϣڻ֮С
û裬Ҷٶٴһһ·֮ϣǳ֣δʯһ޵Ӱӡ
ѵѾ뵽˵ڶǰú󷨣Լͣ
Ҷ¶˼֮ɫҪ֤Լ룬ŹǽóԼΣա
ʶɨһԶҲԪζżѵĲڶǰ
ʩչ֮⣬Ϊһ⣬ܿӺüӹԷȻӦֻǸоһ˸
˭ÿٶȣ
ܿ˷ֻ֣ûп˭Ӱʧˡ
һԯɺ裬ֻĻɵĴ֮С
Щţŵӷ׷ײ²⣬Ϊԯɺ裬ܴļ¼ʱ֮ڣ뿪
ǿѹԽԽأҶߵٶȴǻǿ֮ԽڣѹԽ󣬶һּĿ顣
ٶȼΪ˽ʡҶֻ֮·һ·֮ϣϵĲϣҳһЩ
ԯɺ軹֣ʧˣпܽڶ
˵Ҷûио벻Ҫھң
ӻڵһ򣬾Ȼס˽Ųǿ֮󣬿ֱӶȥ
֪ǸСӣҪڻ֮УȰ㻹Ƿɣ˴ڡ
ϴڽֵϣļ˭֪Ҷײɡ
󣬻ǲģףϣܸһᡣ
Ҷ粻ģȰ㻹ٴҶ˼Ȼһڣ
˪ʱȻҶ㡣
Ȼ㲻ʶôݹҲˣǸҪһССĶţȻ˲ʶȤ
¶һ棬ȻӲϴӦֻǿֶΣͷ
Ҫʲô
аӣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼǿ󣬱ϾŶƷɣûоԼļ䡣
ƷɣԼԪĽԿĿ϶
Ҫʲô򵥣췹㻹ҵġ
¶ĿĵλԻôˣ֮ҲκβԼ
ʱܻ֮ŻԹԵĽ͵ԼǰϾԼ֮ӡ
ǿ׼ҵĵӣǽԺŵӣ˫ݣԯɺԼҪͿ
ôĵӣҪǸҶһ£Ҿ㡣
а񣬻֪Ҫʲô
ҵ֪ôң
󲽿ȻҪڻ֮Уַӣ޳֮
һˣ¶ЦһǵЦԽԽŨˣôŮӣӵһμ԰Ρ
ټˣֱڶ˭һޱȾ޴ʶޣףԷ
ҿǻתֻҪҾѼ䣬һǽԺ
ԽԽ䣬ʼ£óԼʵݣϣɵ
㶼ҵˣԺ˭֪İɣһὫýȢġ
޼ɵĴЦ˿˼ӵ
㡭
˵û뵽Ժŵӣ˱ɵ
Ȱ㻹Ǳ𷴿ˣԹԵ־ܰɣǽƺҲû˸ϵΪ󲿷˶ȥڶˡ
ЦԽԽŨ뻨ֻм֮ңֶǽ۵ա
ڹһ
һƽϢɱҲ⵽ۣΪӣʲôҪȻࡣ
Ǻαأ˫ɲŮòһԣĸСãҪصĸ
Ҫɱͣס˽Ų֮У¶֮ɫ
ҶﶼãǸ˾ӣǿ֮ѣܱЩߵαǿһǧ
ӻȥˣһαӡ
ߣ˾Σ˻֮УȻ㲻ʶôݹҲˣ
Ҷ㣬ϱ鶼ŤˣͻȻһӡǣֶ£ŻӵԪ޷
ǽԺһֶΣԪ񹥻Ȼõ
ʧȥ֪¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҪɱҲ⵽衣
ſһϻᣬ޷ɹ˫Ĳ̫ˣϾҶ㣬û
ԶҶͻȻͣס壬лĿһʹʮܣ֪Ϊʲô·һ롣
С
ҶʩչۿԼˣ׳ʲôˣΪθоĿڴʹ
ܿ죬˵ĳ棬һŮ˵Ӱӣǻӡ
ѵΣգ
ҶͻȻһôãûпӵӰӣǲǴһʼͱסˡ
Ǿò϶в˴⣬֮ռС
ۣ֮򿪣
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ㽫֮ȫ򿪣й¶һ˿˿Ϣ
Ȼ䣬رޱʣҶ߲κ谭ԿúԶԶ
ܿ죬ӰվԭأǻӸˣĶԼĿ⣬ҶҪʲô

ҶͻȻʧԭء


1651 Ʒ
͸ۣ֮͸Ҷ֪ΪԼͻȻҵʹС
ûκͣҶ۷Ȼص˵һʱϣҶ̫ࡣ
ſһɫȴһˣֿɲϢ˵Ϣ
ǻתȻʹطǿмԼǱǰļѣп˲䱩Ǽ磬衣
ϧҪʱ䣬ܸʱ䣬ֱȥƵŻӵأǵЦԽԽŨ¶аĿ⡣
˼ˣҵˡ
ʼ·һѵܿ¶ϰ壬ع档
ֱӱ˫ۣˮϵĻ䣬ʣΪµ˶ҶأôαӡСˣɫԼԡ
ٺٺ٣һ϶⣡
ԽᣬԽģһ̬һɥĲİࡣ
Сˣˣ
˼ʱ䣬ѵֻʣһСã˴֣ȥ
ڴʱһ콣ˣף͸ſռ䣬ֱʡ
ͣ
žһѪȥһӿϵͷɱĺС
˫ɲһҽУӱеˡ
һʱ䣬һӰˣɫһ˹
ҽУ˫ۣʲô飬ɲһɻ֮ɫ
һӰ֮У֪ˣ˭
Ҷ硭
վӣˣʧҲָɡ
û
Ҷһ֮ɫһ·ϣʩչٶȣ֮ʩչ˼£Σͷϵ
Ҷ㣬ˣ
ӼɫĿ£ȻҶϹˣԼ
ԭҲɱ㣬ҵŮ˶Ҷˣ
ҶɢɱȻ˵ŮˣȫһֺȻ˵
һ㶣ûзӦ¶ϲɫ
ҶҲԼˣΪղŸоʹΪԼŮˣΨԼŮˣŻԼʹ
˵ˣҶҪֲˣֻܲ⡣
ƾһССĶƷɾɱңֱǿЦҲͰˣȻˣڡ
ɾԶ֫Ȼϵˣʱˣ
𣿡
Ҷ¶Цݣ֣֮֮ĹâٴܣͻȻܶˡ
⡭
ǼһҼһһ֣֪ˣ
Ҷ㰵һɽ磬˲Ҫնݳ֪Լӵ˶Ҫ
һţԪ˽ȥʧǿ˲Ҷը
һҪһƷɻüҶľ˲ɶ
ϥ£Ҷ׼ͻƾ磬Ʒɷ򣬶ҶǳĴ
ӳ׾ˣվһĬĬҶ㻤ղſֵǿ
ϾȻӵ
ӳ˼ˣǸܣ֪ܵûκ֪Լ֪ˣҶ᲻ɱԼ
ҳһ飬ôãӴû޴룬֪δԼҶĹϵ
ޱӴ󣬸Ҷ²Ļֵ֧࣬ԼͻƵƷɾ
һɹǿϢ֣˲õͻƣɹ̤ƷɾԪٴαǣҪȻӴһȦ
˫Ҷ㿴Żӣ֮У˸ֹâɱ
ղ㶼֪ˡ
Ҷһɱ˻ӣҶ²ȥ֣ɱͱڶ֪ˡ

ǷСŮ˵ͷϵĴ½ǣ֪ô졣
Ҳϣ֪𣿡
ҶһƽϢԼɱܣɱҶﻹģһѵ⡣
֪ʲô
һɻ֮ɫܿ콫ղŵһɶǻ¶Ц⣬Ϊ֪ҶܣԼǵڶ֪ġ
Ҷ˵ͷʮ⻨ӵı֣ʱδһ¡
Ҷ磬ô֪ġ
ʮֺ棬˹ٲȻԼĵҶŮˡ
˵
ҶҡҡͷԼй¶ܣѾǳˣй¶֮۵ܣǺܿˡ
Ҷ磬ǵһѾôˣϿ߰ɣʯһǰ档
ҶϽߣȥڶ򣬱ñǰͷ
㡭
ҶҲʮֽôã˶Ҫһˡ
İɣղҼڵĽƣҵļڻѣܲܶȹȥҲ⣬ҲԽҳѣǰ
һѾûˣҶ㲻õԼİΣϽǰڶǧʯһǰ棬ҶʮΣˡ
ãԼСģ
Ҷ˵ͷҲо˻йصھѣӦǰһ֮󣬻ӹü硣
Ҿ֮ȥ㣡
ӵͻȻرǸղҶ˵Ůˣ۵ġ
Ҷûκԥ˲ʧԭأͻƾ֮ٶһࡣ
Ҷ׵ʧɫ𽥻ָʼϥ
ӵǶôĻԵҶɾ;ô򵥣뵽ЩѹҪ׷ҶĲ˦Լ̫Զ
ҶƷɣƷɣҶƷɣǶƷɣκˣƱˣƫƫӻʮֿġ
һʱ䣬Ҷܿ׷ǰЩˣ˳̤ڶܾٴγˣһЩˣʵһģһ
ӹǣЩʵһݱɣͿԲٿ󷨡
Ľǿ󷨣СĽС󷨡
ǿȻԲٿش󷨣ֻҪݽֻܱ󷨹пɥ˵ء
ҶʶһɢȥЩ󷨶ͨķʽ̻ģԼƱʱʮơ
һ󷨣ֶ֮Ρ
ȿԴֿƷݣҲԿ̻벻
͸һ֮Уܿҵ֮ҶʱˣȫҶ
ɱ󣡡
ܳ£Ǻɱ󣬿Ի֡
Щŵӣ϶ڴһֹǰͷڶɱԽԷϵԴ˵Ӷ츳
Ȼ󲿷˽Ŀ׼Ҷ㣬ϣӶϵ츳
ŷôķ츳ǴɱҶɡ


1652 նɱ
Խ룬ĿԽԽҶ㿴мڵϰܲסѹȣʹĲҽС
ȵҶ㿿ʱڵϵȻվ׳Ҷ֣Ȼαװöֲע⣬ͻȻ֡

ҶŭһͻȻͻƾ磬ͻȻ͵Ϯ϶Ҷ㣬Ͼ޷
˿ԪзҶʵѲǽʱʵ˷츲صı仯
ûжҶһƶ͸һ֮Уڲһ̣ˡ
Ĳ󣡡
ͬʱԭأҶޱǿҪƷɻҪǿ󣬲ٿСԡ
ǿѹѹ˹ޱȣڶҪȵһΣպܶࡣ
ܵĻѹȸԣһЩСߣߵٶȴƼߵ
ҽУûӦ˾ͱѹ촷ۣʧԪз򣬶Ҷᡣ
˷ҶĻٴδǣŻϵķֽҶʱ̱ʢ״̬ܵѹȡ
ɱˣҶǰڶǳĴԽߣѹ𽥼ӴٶȺܿһ·֮ϣϡϡӰżѵĲ
ڿһ򸽽ѾֲӰԯɺˣ֮ӣɫϾжϳ˭ǿ
ԯɺֻϢ΢΢Ϣ֣и࣬һ֮ɫԭڵڶɱҶ㣬˭֪Ҷһֱûг֡
ƣ˼ȵȣ׷żѵĽŲ˳̤һ
Щţ˭أǲ£Ѿˡ
ôţΨûʯһޣڵڶ
˾룬ʮ˳һսֻһ·˭ǰ棬Ȼʤߡ
һٶڵڶѵǰ˵ɱˣԱһ⡣
Ҳܶˣһ𣬼Ȼ߳һ򣬲ڵڶ޼ɵɱȡȡԴ츳
ÿֻЩŵӣлһ˳߳
ǿѹҶѹѹٴαǿŻʼתһ˿˿Ҷġ
¡¡
Ȼ֮䣬ܽͻȻˣһҶѹ
͵Ϯ͵ȺѾˡ
֪࣡
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫ棬似޷ɱ֣ڻ֮УԼӵڲ֮ء
ӡƣɱҶ㣬ҪĻǣԴһŲȡ
У˾ۼһڲٿһѹҶ㣬⼸ˣһʵ綼Ʒҡ
Ҷḷ́һƷɣжԴΨ츳ǴĿ꣬ԪҪˣ
ӡЦһȻܷҶԪеļԼ츳̳Ԫ֮С
õԪ൱ڵõҶȫҲ츳⡣
ߣǾͿ˭ɱԪ˭ģ
Ҷ﷢һߣһ캣ˣһǻʼڵˣһˣһΧҶ㡣
ǵľ磬һҲԣֻǼѰȫͨ·ֱһãȺҶ㵽
Ҷ֪ҪɱԼô˵ö࣬ѵΪԼ̻һöŷ
ܻǿѹȸУҶ弱ζܿ嵯𣬽ʹ֮ҶȻջС
ѹҶ˵𲻵ʲôʵԵãɵ֮󣬹Ȼ棬ĸӰ
֮Ҷһ˶ǲţڶ֮УҲʮңȻҲԼ⡣
ͫӰ
Ҷʩչͫδʩչһ˿˿ˣס
Ӱ似ֻһְ壬ľǻ߶ڻ֮УҶΨһʩչһ似
嶸Ȼٿ󷨣ֵҶĹ׽ݱ¶档
Ҷ㣬ڣ
ӡƴһ峤ֱ룬ڽ棬֮ѹҶ㡣
ڻ֮Уκ似嶼ǶģΨлɱˡ
Ҫɱңƾĸ
Ҷ¶һߣӰܿϮߣޱȡ
͡
һ˿˿Ѫ֣˵Ԫ⵽ӰϮδǷֽ⣬ֻ˲Ѫ⡣
ЩѪⶼԪ꣬ȱһ飬궼һʧЩƶٶȶʱ˵Ԫʮʹࡣ
ǳҵĻ󣡡
ҶһãͻȻٿȻɱԷƵ󷨣Ҷơ
ǿĺô׵ѹ֡
ŻԴԴϵĹӦ˿õԪݽߵ
ˣޣ֮󣬸ǴǰҪָҪ뿪󣬶겻ͬԪָ
ҲֻҶ̥꺣֮дŻԶ鲻ɵĴ󺣣͸䵽Ԫ֮С
ϵģڼѹģڼѹҶԪ񲻶ϵ׳ѾӸղӰ״̬ʵʷչȫһСˡ
Ԫ֮ϣǲ·ЩƣҶԪﵽаֵĵز
ⲻܣһССĶƷɣôܲٿ󣡡
Ҷ﷢һУȫţƷɣҲֻܲٿһҶƷɣٿ̫߼ˡ
ûʲôܣֻ̫֮ˡ
Ҷ㼥˵һ䣬øǽͣ˫趯ǵӽ֮Уһɹεʣǻ
Ҫɱң
徻ɵ˷һҽУȻǼϣһ˸͵ϮҶ㡣
˵ģҶ޶ãӴĽֱѹȥ˵Ԫ񣬺ܿһ̯࣬Ҷɵ
Щˣһأ٣Ϊν֮࣬Źȥһʱ䣬Ѿʮˣǳ֡
˵һĵӣȻҲ˺ܶע⣬ܶŵӣ׷С
ԺĿ徻ɵˣܿ캣ҶҲȥ֤
ⲻܣ˵ָҶＸǰһʧģѵͬһһ˲һɱ𡣡
˲⣬ڻɱ˼ǲܣҪ˲ɱüˣǲܡ
ô죬ڴҰ˼ʱһͻȻȥǻʼڵӡơ
һ̫ˣĲ˼飬˶֮ӣڶַ׷׶ǰʮ֮ڣôͻȻһʧ
һĻһְȥ̶ʱ䣬ĸˣһǲš
̫˼ˣʱ㣬ЩӦûڵڶǵľ磬ǺѣΪ˵ڶ򣿡
֮Ϊ϶ʲôè档
ѵԯɺˣ
˲Ҵ˵ֻɣҲֻпһĨƽˡ
˵ûпǸҶСӣ
ԯɺܿ챻ų˲²⣬ΪҶ㣬նɱôˡ


1653 
۷׷ף໥²⣬˭ôڶɵɱˡ
һ˵˶жһ⣬ɱˣ̫ˡ
ɱ֮ҶƷɵԪ򣬽Ԫٴ׳һȦҪ˵Ԫһࡣ
ԪԽ֤ԽǿԽߣΨǿ꣬ߵĸԶ
ܺãЩԪǴ֮ȥɱƷɣû뵽ȴȫҡ
Ҷ¶Ц뽫ȫնɱܰԼƷɳ̶ȡ
Ҳֻ룬Ҫ´ˣŶϵһַţʱׯȫԼ
ɱ֮Ԫ׳ٶٴܴѹƲҶ㡣
һ·֮ϣǰȻȵҶʱֻʣҶıӰʧ
һ·ʮƽҶĲ²⣬ڹƽһʱˣһξ룬ܿ򣬻·
Ȼûʯһ޵ӰӣҶٶȷԼ϶ڵڶԲϵ
˵Լѡߣʯһûа취أԿ϶ڵڶ½ء
ͻȻͣס壬ǰһֵĽ·˹ѻǻʼģ
Ҫӽˣûв´Щ϶ʯһ޸Ĺ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦĵļȻ꺣һܵϢ
ʯһޣ֪վɣ
ҶһȣܻصЩͻȻԶֿѿһͨʯһ޴滺˳
Ҷ㣬ˣ
ʯһԭӮҶ㡣
ǹѾʯһˣҶõǰֵĹھȻʯһһڵһҶ㡣
Ψһİ취ڻ֮УɱҶ㣬ȻʧЧҲˣҲǺΪʲôóԭ
ûʯһҪڻ֮лɱҶ㣬΢΢
ԭ㣬˵ȫ˵ѧУڹҵǰͷ֮ĶԹҪǰˡ
֣Ҷڵ˳Ӯʯһޣ֣Ҷ㾯
һԼϣŹȻǽó
˵Ĳ֮ĶԹȷʵҪһ˽ᣬڡ
ʯһɫ޲ھȥǸԸҶ㣬ܴ⡣
ţҵǺܺ棬ôǿţɱҡ
Ҷ㻹ҿ϶ʯһ޵ϣǴٿôĽ϶
ǲҪ֪ôģ
ûл似ܵĽʼˣҶѹҵĺ¡
֮ٿ󷨣׼ɱԼҶܿ쿴ʯһ޵ıԡ
ڶˣҶ뷴ҪǿĻ󣬷ȥ
ܰѹҶҵֵЩǲϵѹһööһ̽ҶԪ֮С
ЩԪ֮УҶ㻹ûзһֱ̽Ҫʯһ޵ĵߡ
Ҷʮʱ䣬ҶȻʯһϳһ˿ɻ֮ɫѵҶ㲻»󹥻
ⲻ֪Ҷĵۣ֮һʶͬˣЩ뵽Ԫ֮󣬷Ҷˡ
ǵػҶ㷢ֲ֮ۻ˶ĹܣҲԼӳֻá
ʯһޣǾ㱾£ҪɱҼܣ
Ҷ㲻ϵĳʯһóֻҪ֣Լһְ취ƽ󷨣û꺣֮еͬʯһϵ
ҶűܿʯһɫĿ£ԭΪͿɱҶ㣬ⲻ֪ЩҶ𲻵κεá
ȻˣҾͳȫ㣡
ʯһ˫ֿʼӡһɺĵϢ֣Ҷ
ҶһʯһһɫĹâϢ
Ȼ
Ҷ㳹ţʯһϵȷһö˿϶Լɡ
ܻɽХһҶѹͨˣѱŬѹ
ϧҶ㣬γɵĺХѹƣҶ㻹𲻵κεãΪҶ꺣֮Уӵö
һɵӶ֪ǿ
糱ˮһϵѹҶ㣬ҶȻվԭأ޶ԣЩս֮УԼ
յĻԽ࣬꺣֮еâԽʤЩǴ֮зġ
ʯһޣõ汾³ɣǲɱң
Ҷ㲻ϵش̼ǺˮһһһǺԼֺ
Ҷͬԡ֮УʯһɫԽԽȫŤˣԽҶԽǸˣֻд̼ܽ׼
ֻҪһ֣лὫ֮ɣ뵽꺣֮С

ʯһޱϾţôױŭһֱ¶ǽ֮ʼٿ󷨣󷨻ɱҶ㡣
ʯһ޲ϵҶҲûмָ̼һ㣬ԶһӴĽҲˣ޴󷨣ڷֻֽĽ棬ǾĶǡ
趯ȴ浶ǹĽ֣ɫֻƾϢ
ʯһ޵ĽͻȻı̬γǺΧҶû·
ͣ
Ҷָ£ˣγΧʯһ޵һι
֮ҶԶԶʯһ֮ϣҶ棬ȫõĻݽߵ֡
ʯһ޲ͬǽ˳ʱ䣬ʯһ޾ͿʼϢ
ٶһҶĻˣԽԽĽЩصһĻһȱڶûС
ЩͬٲͻȻʯһɫ䣬Ҫܶˣָ趯
Ҷ㣬Ļô֧ǿģⲻܣ
ܱԼǿʮĻѹʯһɫҰף޷ţҶĻԼʮԼ֮
ⳬ˳ҪûҶǿ޿ɺǣ㳬ԽҲܳԽʮ
˵㲻һֻľ֮ܰˣ
ûʯһ޵ŭȣԽԽ࣬ʯһԪһ˿˿ѺۣҪҶǿеѹ촷ۡ
Ҳţһɱ㣡
ҧ촽ʯһٴε뵽֮УҶ˿
ʱһһĹȥҶȻƵٵļ󣬷ʯһޣˣҲܲסǿġ
𷴿ˣԹԵĹҵǰѧаɣҲһῼһ
Ҷ㲻ϵĴ̼óٴμӴЩһ㳯ʯһѹмʯһ޿϶ڻ֮С
Ҷ㣬ҵģʶʶĻ
ԪԽԽʯһ޳ܲסˣִӻһͣһöɫķˡ
ʣ·뵽һһĪ·Уһ硣
Ҷ㣬׼ɣ
ĺޣͻȻҶĻɳȥʯһҪˡ


1654 Ʒ
ʯһڷŭˣԥļһͷɲĺޣĻҶѹ
ҶγɵĻ˲ȥĳˮϵص࣬Ȼܲסʯһ޵Ļ
ʲôΪǿ󣿡
ҶҲǰһѾͬöһЩ⣬Ϊʯһչ¶ҪԼɵзڵõǿࡣ
ʵҶ㲻֪öԢ⣬ÿһֶͬȻǿ
Ҷ㣬ʶʶ
ʯһ޷ЦҶĻԼˣǵЦԽԽŨˣܵĽҲڳҶѹ¡
ӵͺ˲𣿡
ҶͻȻ¶аȰЦݣڴ̼ʯһޣԼҶҪġ
֣
Ӳ˼ˣҶǰöųһţʱϣʱֽֿ޾ص壬Ļ
ⲻܣôӵö
ʯһ޻ˣоĻڲϵʧҶյһɶⳬʯһķ롣
ûʲôǲܵġ
ҶӴɵȣʯһ޵ƺӦٻȻʯһ޵ĿƣҶ˹Ҫͬһ
ö໥йֻҪһöһöͻ⵽ͬ뵽һö۵ʱγʲôû֪
öһµأҲ֪ĻǼٵġ
ҵ
ʯһ޻ˣʼӡҪٻϧٻֱ뵽Ҷ꺣֮Уöںϵһ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶɢŵɫʣԪ񣬱һһȦ
ҶϲǣԼľҪͻˣһöǣȻ¾
գۼĹҶͻƵƷɣȻûֹͣȻֱƷɣһƽϢֱ˼顣
ʯһ޿ɵˣȫţҶԼǰͻ硣
꺣֮е飬ֽ޾֧Ҷ㲻ϵͻƣƷɵһ̣ԽԽǰˡ
ܻ˿ֲϢҶҪŭӵĸоڻˡ
·ڷ磬Ҷڵ侳һ԰񷡣
ȻҶɽ绹ﲻֵزٶȣһ죬ɽ綼
ʯһ޵кܴĹϵöҪҶӵеҪǿ󣬹ɽԭ򣬲ϵɽ編򣬵Ʒһֱûн͡
ö䵽˷磬һЩطѾҪϵȥ޸
ӵöǰĵطʼƣöҶŻʼ¶
ϧǰǳŻĻᣬնɱʯһޣ˳ȹ󣬵Ȼصţ취ŻܸԼʲôϲ
ʯһ޳ľˣ̶̼ʱ䣬ҶľȻûиϳԼȷʵɬҲһʼǾʹˡ
˫ĿܵĽܲסҶĻǵ
ڻ᳡棬ҶӦˣȻʼȣ֪ʲô顣
ô£Ϊλ˱˻Խ˻Ĵڡ
һվЩţʮһõĻ󣬾棬Ҳܳ
ʣзʵˣ
ۺ룬Ϊֻзʲ۾ˣûѡ
˭˭˳Ⱥû˹
Ҷڲ²⣬Ļϵֻô࣬һʮˣ˭Ƿʡ
ŵĶˣ֪ʯһˣΪҶֻڣ϶û
ѾȥһʱʱˣԯɺѾڻ·ϣԽԽ
ʯһޣڻкλҪ˵
ҶһеĻ浽˻꺣֮УʼƽϢų֮ɫʯһʵ
ҳϣһʼʹˣĺףȻӵöΪУҲҲ⣬뿪˻ǲŹġ
ʯһ֪ԼɣȻҶ㲻ɱⲻһΪѾģɡ
ϧ㿴һˡ
ҶһĨʯһʧˣԶĳʧԼӵö飬Ȼй¶ȥ˻֮⣬ûһ֪Լӵ顣
пܣҶ㲻ûԶ˵ֻ黹δһҶţӾԼܡ
ǿ쿴ʯһʧˣ
һֱĻʯһʧ˷֮ɫҲ˵ˣĺܳףΪҶֻڡ
⡭ⲻܡ
һƨϣһƬ֮ɫóΪƣôܻҶ㣬˻֮С
ԯɺ裬ʯһ޶лὫ֮նɱ˵ҶˣΪԵ޹ʵ
޷ܣҲͲ׷ʲô飬ֱһš
ʯһˣׯһأҶһ̣ƵĿ⣬ȷʵׯһֱŲҶ㡣
鵽һſ϶᲻ϧһдۣҲҪնɱҶ㣬óκεơ
ںˣʯһˣȻҶòһֹھҲ޹ؽҪ
ڵһһӰͻȻˣ޾ĻһȵϢϳ֣Ȼǰ˲ﵽƷɡ
Ҷ磬ڲĺˣѾһּ䣬Ժֻ°빦
֮У˸һʣŵ䣬һգۣ˲ʧԭء
ɱʯһ֮Ҷûͣʧԭأֱһ·
ֻдԽ˻·Ķȹ˻˭߳ȥȻǵֵĹھ
ͷȻԯɺ裬ǰ棬ѾǴ죬·Խ棬ѹԽԽѹȵĲ嶼ˡ
ھǰ棬һʱ䣬ƽҪˢʱļ¼ˡ
ԯɺ裬֣Уƣڵһ
鶰ţHԾȺ˼Ϲͣոյڵڶ򣬾ǰ˻мʮľ롣
ӿˣڵ򣬾ǰԯɺһٲľ롣
Сһٲһյʱ䶼δߵ߳ȥҪʱʱ䡣
뿪ڶһĻ·ҶǰûκͣҶ㻯Ϊһ⣬ʧԭأ·ѹҶ˵γɲκεá
֮Ҷ㽫ٶʩչ˼£·ܳǶҶ˵ȴẠ̊́ܶʱ䣬׷ӿˡ
ಣ
ӿ˻δӦһӰʧˣǸʻıӣޱȣֱǲ˼顣
ͻȻƿǰ⣬׷׷ŲΪǿѹʼϮ
һ˳ԼҶ㲻Ҳٶȣα©棬ϵ˵ڶڣҲǻ鶰ڵĵط
ҶͻȻ׷ȫ¶Ծ֮ɫЩš
ԯɺڻ·֮УСҶȻ˿ٶȸ·ѵܻѹ
Ҷ㣬
ҶҪͻһһȳ֣ǻʼڵĳȺλᣬնɱҶ㡣


1655 
˶ͣס壬ԯɺҲ⣬׷עߣųȺҶ֡
ڻ·֮УҶ㵱Ȼܼеȫ©ȥڳвٸˣ϶
й¶ܣɽ綼׷ɱҶ㣬ⲻҶҪģʱŹƶᱻ˲ƽ˵Լˡ
ȻܶҶǿĻԷ֡
ȻƷɣԪҪǴһȦ
ЩţһֱѹûаҶ㵱ɶֻ֣ܵǷ츳һѡ
ӽ֮ǰǶƷɣƷɣͻٶȣֱ˼
ôԴӦ
ȻԴôؾ磬ǾţƺҲɡ
ǹ̥ܰճƣ
֣пЦһ˵ȥҶ㣬Ǽ˼ڣ˼Ŀģԭ̫߰ˣ츳ҶǸ̫̫߳࣬Ӧ÷Ρ
ԯɺγҲǣ¶һ˿ɬĴţƹ˽죬ͷͻᱻҶߡ
ܿ죬ҶָɣҶȻǿҲƷɣߵ̫̫࣬һš
һţѴﵽ˾Ʒɣ˿ʼҪ׷ǵĲһңԶľ롣
۳һڻ·֮ϲϵĽ棬ģȺĻʼ
Ҷ㣬˿ûмٵ˼ԽսԽ£ŻڷĲҶġ
ȥȻҶһֱأĳҲǳȺҶ㡣
ܿҶܣΪҶĻһֱûļ̫˼ˡ
ֻƣɫȻھҶ㣬ǿҶǿĻǸоѹ
ȺɱҶ㣬ô죬ڻ·֮гֻҶ뿪
Ⱥ㱾𣡡
ҶԽսԽ£۳һɱ¾֮ģʩչ߱ʽǴ󿪴ϣȫĻġ
ÿһն£ȺĻɢһҶʤ׷һһε˶¶֮ɫҶֻӻĴˡ
ǹ̥Ķ޷
鶰Ҳ¶Ц֮ɫǿˣֻܼ賵ȺܱҶóеĵƳ
ô֣뿪һ˶ܻɱҶ㣬ڻ֮УҶߣŻɱ˭Ҳ޷赲Լ
ʽ
ʽ
ʽ
ʽ
һʽһʽȺˣϻ·ѹԽԽѾֽⲻĻԸҶˡ
й˺ĺˮһ𽥼٣ҶȻʢ״̬óȺ뵽޾Σ֮С
һֱţüҪųȺһնɱҶ㣬ǿҶԽսԽ£ԥˡ
ڻ֮У޷ɱҶ㣬ֻܵȵ뿪˵Ҷɳȥ
ڷ类ҶɱһΣɽ磬öٴݣȭͷ˿ָ֪֮ڣȴоʹ
ն
һȣɱ¾֮ͻȻݱһ޸Щǻݻĸı̬
Ⱥɫ䣬ҪѾˣ·һΪ˻·ĳԪͻȻȥ
꣡
ȺԪҶһֱĲڵϻ˹һ£ûϢ
ĴĻϣȺְȥ
ʼ˷׷վЩܽܣʼڼȫûֻʣһȺ˻·ϡ
˭ɱǻʼڵĵӣ
ʼһŭһܴ󣬷ǳߣЩ겻ϵ׳󣬻ʼѾԽ˺ܶţȻںҵĿ⡣
ܼžһƬû˸𰸣ΪҶֻ֪еȵЩ˳֮󣬲ˣ˭ɱ˳Ⱥ
ԳȺ츳ȻڼһУɵıɱԯɺ裬Ҳڻ·֮նɱ
ɱ˳ȺҶ·һ΢飬֣ʶɨһִҶû˵Ųһǰȥ
ҶĿⶢƣҪҪڻ·֮Уƻɱ
һξõĻᣬˣ֪ʲôʱ֮ܽնɱƵľԼ뿪·Ҷûڽնɱˡ
Ҷ㣬벻ǻķʽٴμ棡
ɿȭͷɷ죬Ҷ㽻֣ڶΡ
ƽϢԼŭҶЩ죬Ϊƻ᲻һеԼԼлˣ˭֪Ʊˣø֪ʲôʱʲô顣
Ҳ벻ֻ㿴˺ܶࡣ
丮֮ӣǵɽ磬ֻһ㲻϶⡣
Ҷ㳰Ϻһһ󣬴֪˵ʲôһҿԿ϶˿϶Ǿʶ
ܿȦˣ˰˸Ӵ򲻵һȥһһ׻ôн
Ҷ㣬ɽ磬ڷô񣬵ȳȥ֮󣬾ڡ
˵һܣ˶մˣɵˣһҶ
磬Ȼӷġ
·֮ʮ໥ЩţΪǷ֮أ˷ȻУҲǼһ
ǣ֮õԴڼʱ򣬾һˡ
ɷкɽ߸ϣһˣһԽڽ¡
Ҷ㲻ϵƣȻƣҶ֪ԼסˣƳ綼ˡ
ҶƣƾǲŭҶֵĻᡣ
ԯɺ˳˼֣Ҳһ磬ôңԶĴ
ȻɽʹȥĴڣɽ缸һ˷磬ǶǸ߸ϡ
ϴȥɽʹûлǲҲ
ħսɽɳһЩʹ·һֱûл֪˼٣ƾ֮һ
֪𣿡
Լȥǡ
Ҷ¶Цƻȭͷٴν󣬼Ҫ֡
һԪȭͷһɿ֪˿̲ܶŭҶܼ򵥣Լ֣ڻɱԼ
ɽɱҲûĻˣҪ̣뿪˵
Ҷ㣬֪ڴ̼ңҳ֣ҳϣڻ·֮УҲĶ֣ͲҪĻˡ
ƵƽϢҶĿ˵˳ʵҶˣҶҪ·նɱơ
㻹ѵҾͲɱ𡣡
ҶЦһͻȻ֣׼նɱƣֻɱƣԾ󻼡
ƴһû뵽Ҷ˵ڻˣһܣҶһι
Ҷ㣬ҪǸˣб³ȥʹʹһʲô¡
ƵȻҪˣֱҪʹϣҶĶ֡
ǲԼ֪ΪҲ֪С˼ȥ֮󣬹ȻսңһƷɣսƷɣǿЦ֮
ҶЦһȥ֮ҪսԼ϶Ƕ֡
ǸˣǿԼһ֮ڳ֮˶֤ɱң̫ƽ
ܣϵıܿҶĹ


1656 ¹
Ҷ֣ƲתΪˣˣҪɱǺףǶ
һͳعҶеƣȻϣô
ãҸһλᣬһ֮󣬻ǲݣ
ҶͻȻػûм֣ڳȥܹҪй¶ȥˡ
ƿɲǳȺҶĻ֮ܽܡ
һΪһ֮Ľ죬ڣ
Ҷ֣ҧгݵ˵һ֮󣬾Ҷ츳ڸߣҲ׷ԼʱĻɱҶ㡣
·ԶһֱվһӰӣղҶƵ̸һֱڶ֪Ҷӷϳֱָ顣
úõĻһɣ
ҶøĥƤӣһΣʧԭأ·ڸȥ
Ҷʧһƨڵϣʪ͸ˣҪҶȥ϶Ƕ֣Ψһİ취ǸҶͬھ
Ҷĵģ·֮УˣһƴԼһܾˣһԼˣԯɺ˻᲻ᳯԼ֡
Ϊ˰ȫҶԽΪˣƵĿĴﵽˣһ֮ԼҶڴģڻһ꣬һ֮󣬳׽նɱ
Ҷ㳹ʧʱҲŷӦ׷׳·ڸȥ
ѾȥһʱˣҪʱ֮ڸϳȥЩѣҪҶ֣һʱ䣬ԯɺ˵һ߻ᡣ
ʱһһĹȥҶʧڻ·ͷǰһ˿Ҷڿ˻ĳڡ
ĿĹâ䵽Ҷ˫۵ʱԪع鵽˱壬Ҷվ˻᳡м䣬һɹ߳
Ҷ̵֣ܴһһǵһرһھ̫˼ˡ
Ƽ¼ˣһʱһ㣬˰ʱ
һֱڼʱ䣬ͻȻСҶɹˢ˼¼
ǿ쿴ȻƷɾ
Ҷһֵһ̣ǿϢɢڻ֮УֻԪɢϢ֮ƷɵϢѹƲסˡ
ĿۼҶϣо֡оȡв⡢мʡЦȵȣ
̶ʱҶ⻹
˼飬µķʵˣ
ͨ۷¡
ׯЦˣЦĺϲ£죬ڲõİȫˣͶĽĿ⡣
ԪĿ¶ԽԽɣԶŴȣҶһδδ̼񾭡
ƽϢԼƣҶָƽĿ峺صԼվׯߣ˳
˼еĿ֮Уʱȥˣ˴ӻ֮߳ڶ߳ԯɺ衣أԵڶҶǷ̻Ρ
֣УƣƵ˷׷׳֡
֮Խϣ֪֮У׳ʲô飬ΪҶͻȻ磬ôһȸϳģֻǲܽ͵
ܿ죬֮еϢӼ͸¶һʮʮ٣ٴǧǧ򣬺ܿ촫ÿһ䡣
˵Ŀ⣬ˢˢľۼҶϣ֪ҶȻӷ
رǻʼڣһֱΪҶׯ˽ӣȻô˫ʱҶͻȻð
ԭʱҶѹׯûκεĹϵҲǴɸŸʼڵķƴ
ʮж໥һۣһĲ֮ɫ
ղҶһ߳нһ϶Ҷ㣬һֱ棬ʲôˣҶš
˶ΪҶׯյĵӣСнĳɾͣԭҶɽ磬ʱ䡣
ǸҶ㣬Ǵӷģˣ
Զһ֮ɫȻ˴֣Ҷʵ
Ҷһۣûһ񣬷ʵƿɲãõĲã˽ԵС
Ӷڶ˷׷׳֣ոռȺ֮УһĶ֮ɫղڻ֮УҶɱȺȻҴһ¡
ҺҶĿⱻˣҪƣҶƻᳯѣҲΪƣոնһ١
ȻҶ㲻ɱҲͷһ֪ѵ
ܿ챻ʮгȥʣûбҪڵȥˣƵȵҲ
ڵڶ󷨳ȥʱŷӦؽˡ
ȺҶ֪Ŀ֮¡
ʯһأ
ŵ˿ʼˣʯһСʧˣ󳷵˭֣һʮˣܰȥ
ŵ˳ɣǲǸöˣ
Ҷ˳õھŵĶԹҲи˽ᡣ
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˵Ŀⱻ˫˹ȥһֵӡ
ʮʱ䣬һڵѧУҵˡڶ
Ҷ˵ԴǣӮңȻлȨʤߣնֵ
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˱Ҳ
Ҷ㣬㲻ò񣬾Ҳģ
һ˳ɫȻҶͷ
ҶǴЦѹᣬһ֪ˣǿԣҲܲסʴ
ʱڵδδţʮգۼ

ͻȻղ˵ӷһҽУ󵹵ز𣬿°ĭһϵس鴤ʶһ㱻롣
߰ˣ˾ŵһˣǲ뵱ô˵ȥ
ϡҡҡ
Ӻˣԭôʹ࣬һΪȫ֮ӴԺ֮ҲûӰӡ
˾ĿӣҲΪԣһģֻжֳŵҶ㶼޷ġ
˳Ĭˣɱ˲Ѫˣһһ˶Ϊϵϡ
һʼҶ˭֪֪
ǹ˽죬Ҷ֮˲֪ˣ㲻ܴСһЩſ϶Ҷ㡣
һʲôǿԿ϶ǣҶһֱɳȥҲڡ
Į飡
ôһҶ޶ã·һƽ顣
ڷ֮ӱ֮ӣһַ֮ء
һˣʼ£ˣ°ĭڵϲϵİú˾
ЩδˣĴ취߿϶УΨһܻȥİ취ǹġ
鴤˼£ڶˣһӰܣͷѹһʯͷʮֲ
ɱַûҲԣһ˵
ģġ
һֱӳ˳Ҷǰ治ԶѧŹУЦ
ŵ棬ѧŹУʵҪɱǻҪܡ
Ҷ㣬ˣҰɣ
ѧ깷֮ӳҶģϣƹһΡ
ҿ㣬Ҳˣ
ҶҡҡͷԼĲˡѾҪˣΪŲûŵϡ


1657 Ż
Ҷ㻰һ䣬˳ˣһƽһ̯ࡣ
˿׷׹ġ
ϣŹǰɣ
ڸҶҲˣϿ϶ǻȥŵϡ
¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫŹԼǰһŮγϣǻȥˣҶԼ
ϣŵӰɣ
˴һɨʣȫʧûгκʹֱ࣬ӱĨƽˡ
ò̵ֶΣҶ㶼ǰԾ˹ںԼˣɱԼŵӣҪô
ׯǼסˣһ죬һֻծ
˵꣬һ˦ۣת뿪ˣֻʣԼһ뿪ֹ
㵽ף
ׯҲӣ鵽һȫάҶ㣬ŵһ̳״죬ԼҪǹķڡ
һƺƵķҶùھûʲôֻǵõһöԵķ⡣
һöƣĹھЩҶ˵޹ؽҪҪԼˣսʤԼҲսʤˡ
һƷɣһֹ漣ݣׯЩˡ
ԭֻϣҶ㣬û̫࣬ҶķӣȫĹ㡣
˳ٳٲȥʱ䣬Ǽ֤̫ĶҲµķʣһʱʱ䣬˳ȹ
ǵۣҲ˽ӽʱʱ䣬ѵҶԪҪۻҪǿ󲻳ɡ
ҲɺϣôοԪǿ󣬲Ժ·ͻһ˳֮󣬿ҪɱҶˣ֮һ㣬ʤ
һʼһһոտ϶Ҷˣһ취նɱҶ㡣
Ժ϶̵ҶϣҲֻҶ㣬пɱ֪ҶƺĴš
кܶ಻֪С壬Сţеڻ֮Уͳͳ鵽Ҷһϡ
ʭӶ˲ҧһҲǵȫҲǵܼҶ㲻ϵǰ
ƣö˵һ֮󣬻ݡ
Ȼȥ
ׯûκεԥˣϻ򣬾ҶͷȻͷҲƽϢȥ˵
ҲһأҶ𽥾ͻᱻҵԺ߽Ҳȫܶࡣ
Һý˽ԪˣȻׯһ˿»סҶһˣҪƷ϶ׯ
һ·֮ϣҺܳĬҶ츳˵󣬵Ƿ츳츳̶ʱȼ츳Թû˳ֹ
֮ŵһУԭΪԼͻƵƷɣҶĲ࣬ⲻ֪ҶҲͻƵƷɣ֪Ǹ˻ǿЦ
Ҷ磬λȥôģ
곤һһҶ֮ŵһߣʱʵ
֪ȥ˵
ҶʱȷʵûʲôĿ꣬ȻȥȡŻԺ飬Ժ˵ʱĵá
Ҷʦ֣ʦ㣬ʲôʱǻ֮
λʦվ˳ŵƤĿ̸֮ǵ˹Ц
ʦ㣬ں˵˵Ҳˡ
ŭ˵һ䣬¶һ˿ߺ֮ɫ
ʦãôģ˼˵ֻ˵ˡ
ʦ㲻Ϊ⣬Ӳ˼ڣԼ˵ˣΡ
Ժлɣ
Ҷܿӻ˼ǰټ΢øӴҪ鷳
ҶûֱӴӦһ˿į֮ɫ
ʮ֮˻ص򣬸ԻصţҶ㻹ȥ˭Ҳ֮Ҷ㱻Ԫˡ
ѪϣҶԪţ˭Ҳû˵ԪĿһֱעҶ㣬ҶҲע
л𣿡
ҶͻȻڣԪһˮõҶĿھ֮ϵħɱںϣӵýԪԼнļ
⼸ȥˣʵʵѪ壬һЩԴģ
Ԫ˵꣬óһöָҶνȻׯˡ
лǰ
Ҷ㻹ǿ˵һ䣬ӹָׯҲΪͻؾ磬ϵԴ϶ĵĲˡ
صԼľҶ򿪴ָڷɾһɫƷвƷɾһʮöƷƷҲкüǧö
ʦ㲻˯ͷ
ҶٺЦ˼Ҫׯ᲻ѪЩԴ˵ģŲκιϵ
˫ĿҶʶ뵽꺣֮УöҫأҶ꺣֮˸
һöҵĻƴﵽƷɳ̶ˣƷҪɱԼôס
Ҷ򵥵жһ£öһɢ
ʶ룬ܿ쿴˵ŻѾ¶ҶϣŻ
˵öȻ˵ŻҶҲûаս֮ײΪ޷֧ųŻ
һڤڤעһ㣬òƷɣŻȻͻֳĵһ죬Ҷû
Ҷ̽һΣŻݺݵײȥ
ʱ䣬һɲ֣ҶһһѪŻǼô򵥣ƺһ˿֮С
򿪵Żʱ򣬾֮Ҷ㳹ɹСڵŻֻʲô
ɽ磬Сһֱ޷ʩչ˵⵽һ㡣
һҶɻ飬ͬһͷͻȻŻǰ
䣡
ͻײȥضɽҡ꺣ʼζǳľңŻ͸޾Ĳɣйϡ
ǿĵŻ
ҶǵѪԽԽ࣬ȫţŻǿ˳̶ȡ
˼ٱȻ޷ŻǵڰھҪٻײ
Ҷ㲻ˣ϶޷ͷҪһ֮ײ
ҾͲˣ
һҶ߳ɵΪһ޴Żݺݵײȥ
羪ӷҵĺХкſɲ쫷磬ٴŻǰ
ııġ
޴һδεûױȵı˵Ǿ캣ХҶ꺣һƬңĴأҶѻɢ
ǣ
ײʮεʱŻڴһ˿˿ǵһ˿⣬⣬͸ޱµϢ·٣ᴩµߵ
һҶһƬҰףγķǳĴ˵Ⱥֻǧ֮һĻ˿̣Ҷ˼ǧĻ
Ļ۵һҶ׼һΪŻѾһѿڣֻҪ˳һƣܳ״򿪡
һ޴ˣ̹ͬſ죬Ϊһǿ⣬ֱӺŻ޴µһ̣ͻȻһ䡣


1658 طʵ
޴Żһ̣ҶʹȥſڵϲϵĺС
·˺ѣ޷ʹ࣬ҶҺָоܿʧ
Żһسһ˿΢ı仯·رø峺֮ҶܣӹˣҶ㳤͡
ھħ֮ըˣΪ֣һһ
Ż֮ţ
ͷҶƺ֪˺ܶ飬ԭ֮
˵ǰҶ֮ŤתҶ㲻ҪˣΪ֣뵽Ҷ֮С
Сһ̣׵ľѣĸоع鵽Ҷ֮УƹȨ⾳
֣ƯڵŻǰӦػ񣬼ƿܿǳ
ԴԴϵ֮ע뵽Ҷ֮УĻ˲䱻ղſݽߵԪҲõ˻ָ
˱ø·õһϴ˴ﵽⶼ˱仯
СԹۿˣҲƿˣȪۣƾСƿ˵ռĴ֮׵λá
λҶ㽫Ĵ۵¼һ飬Ȫ۴˻Ȫš
Ħ޴ħޣڵڶҲһǿߡ
ۣѣҲ֮ʣڵ
ۣĻ˵λӦø࣬츳ϣκ嶼ϲֻ࣬ռ츳ˡ
Ĵۣƹܶĸƹܺüλ棬ǧ˵飬ȫƿء
ԭͻƵƷɣҶЩ粻ȣ˵Ż֮鸡ĸо˲ʧ·ͻ֮һ㡣
⾳⾳ˣȻȹˣ̫֮£ҶӴһƬµء
վӣҶ뿪䣬Ѫ˵ĵطв޳û
λ̤޾ͱѪ岻ԶҪĿģǱҶİȫҲׯⰲŵġ
֨֨
һͷС޴ǰܹҶָһ㣬һɺɫˣ֮

ǹɺɫͷС޵ֱ̱֮ڵأ˲Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻЩŵ

ָٴһ㣬һɰɫˣ֮һһףӦɫʧˣȫΪ֮Ҷ档
ɫСһ̣Ȼֻ˹ıյҪߣղһһǰĥȥ
Ҷܷ뿪֮ûҪúõϤһ
ָһ㣬Сˣڵһ
ָٴһ㣬Сиղӣֱǹ֮
һһΣСޱҶĽƣʱŷȥҶ֮ҲԽԽϤ
ˣ൱ҶڿɽʩչСˣԸıŤתǬ
Ѫһ죬ҶЩסкܶҪûȥ
ɽ齨ԼҶһֱ룬ΨԼܽĸ˽ϵķչԼĵ̡
ΪҶûмѣΨһѾֱɣ֪ճǷչôˡ
ηᣬҶҲնɱ˲ˣȡܶԴЩԴһȥȶһʱ䣬һʱ䣬չõԴˡ
ĵʧѪ壬Ҷ򵥵һȥʶ׼ȥɳǣֱϣܰԼ
ڼҲûеλһֱҪһҵǺûᡣ
ׯԼǰö⻯˲ͷϵĺˮ
üûƷ⻯ˣȻĻ
ֻ˵죬ׯ۳Ҫһöɵķ⻯Ҫʮ¡
Ƶ˹Ҫһʱȫָǳ塣
һʱ䣬ҶٴιʵΣľȴǷ˷仯ǰʱСƷɡ
ƷɣߵϣͶĽĿ⣬ϾҶʮᣬ˴ﵽƷɣȷʵĽ
ҪҵֱһȥסĵطڶǶĳֱ֪Ĳġ
ǰסСԺҶ򿪽ƣ˽ȥԺɣǰǰӣûжٱ仯
ԺҶߺֱ϶ˣܶණǳɾֱɳǡ
һʱ䣬ֱûлҶЩżˣվӣ׼ȥĳ
ϤĶĳϤζƣӵǳĻҡ
ҶʶһɨӰܶûзֱӰӡ
ڶĲҶûȤϴԴȱҶҲᱻƽĳڶΪնɱβٴ̤ĳ
СӣҪ룬ϸǷǵĳ뻹ûأڻϣֻýι
Ӷһ򣬷һȣǷĳܶ룬ڱĳ׷ծ
ܶͣϳ벻㣬Ժ󣬶ʶĳ룬Խĳĳȫ
ҪˣԽǷԽ࣬ϵʶĳ裬ĳͷ˺ü
ٽһΣҾͻǡ
˵һӣʮ㲣ʱ俴Ժ˯ڶĳȻҲҵ
ˣϳȥι
ӻģضĳļ˽ϳȥֱɱˣ
ǶĳǮǴүҪûǮӡ
һ˼ֱϡ
ûһֹڶĳ֣ԴҼֲˣ˭ûбǮܹĳ
Ҷɨһ۱ߵӣͷɢݣǺܿ죬ҶһһźɫĴ룬Ŵ̫Ϥˡ
ǰҶ㻹ЦŴ־϶ܳͷء
ȵȣ
ҶͻȻ˹ȥסǡ
СӣҪʲô
ҶֻһëͷСӣҶѾƷɣס¶׺֮ɫΪҶµġ
ǷǶĳԴˡ
Ҷʮָɴ˵׼껹жծ
࣬һƷɾ
¶ЦծٺòɱһԴҲղ
ƨҾͽǶʮɾʲôʱһ򡣡
סͻȻվһ䣬ͽ˶ʮڱһ
˼Ϣڽ֮ǰ˵ĺˡ
˿ᣬĳֻǱ棬зŸȵȣǶĳõַ
һڷſ
ҶֱӳһɾǰǸϽŹ
ӹɾ󺺽ӵ˵ϣǮƣȻ
λүûȤһѡ
ҶϻвԴ󺺾ȻҶ㷢룬ϣҶѣ׬ȡϵԴ
ûȤ
ҶҪȥ˼ʱ仨ڶĳϡ
ҪԼӮˣĳ϶ưոݣҪˣҶ㲻в
ҶڵݣȻԸ£һ£Ըһ£ֱӼ꣬ĳȥ
Ҷ뿪ãӶĳڲ֣ܿĵĸȥ


1659 
ͷɢ꣬˺ܿϣҵһƧ֮أҶһӣӵǽǴ
˭ΪҪң
££ҷ¶һűȽӵףֱΪҶˣֱδϳ
Ű겻㾹Ȼ䵽˳̶ȣ
Ҷûжױֱָһ˭ˡ
Ҷ㣿
ֱЩţΪҶ㲻ڻԼˣû뵽˰꣬Ҷڻˡ
ãûаǡ
Ҷ㻹ңΪֱԼһɶˡ
ֵܣڻˣ
ֱÿնԶĶգҶ㣬ֱһӵ
ˣƵãϽҴ˵˵굽ô£ô䵽˳̶ȡ
ﻹǰǰʶֱǰֱһӣȻ岻˳뻹ʳ
ڵӣлһӽѣƶᱻ˷֡

˵ֱ꣬̾һ֮зŭҲһ˿ˡ
ֱҪ˵ʱ򣬴Զ߹󺺣һ˸ղŻ˵ҪɱֱȻβҶ
СƧˣǹǳҶģղҶ©ˣȻҶ㲻϶ģֻðˡ
߹ˣҶ¶һ˿ŭ⣬˲ġ
Сӣþò
ղŸҶ˵Ĵ¶Цݣһ䵶һ;顣
Ҷ㣬ߣ㲻ǵĶ֡
ֱһˣƷɣһ˴ﵽ˰ƷɣҶ϶Ƕ˵
ϾȥˣֱƷɣ͵Ŀ
ΣգֱȵԼԼϽܣҶ㻹ЩжϧԼҲǰǰԼˣƷɾ
˭Ҳ뿪ʵʵĸҰϵĶһһ㡣
󺺳¶Ŀܼ򵥣ɱ˴٣ô򵥡
컯֮£ôͲ⵽Ӧ𡣡
ֱߵǰ棬ѾܹˣԼֵļ䣬Ⱥˡ
੣Ӧǲֻ֪֪ɱǣںúõĳȥһ
¶ЦһҶ˿ֱӳڲŵ䵶ɢɭĹâ滹еѪ
ûȥˣ
Ҷޱ䣬ְ࣬ɱһҲ츣ˡ
Ƿϻˣɱǣ
˲ͷˣһȣһҶֱ׼˴˿顣
Ҷ㣬ߣ
ֱһƣҪҶϽܣ޹Ѿ޿ˣҲˡ
ģ˭Ҳ
Ҷ¶һ̵Ļߣֱһһ޴֣ԭأ޷
һľڣ¶֮ɫʲô̧֮䣬Ȼԭء
ֱҲɵˣҶʲôʱôˣ򵥵һ֣Ʒɶѹԭأ޷
߰ɣ
ûڿˣҶֱ뿪ˡ
ת뿪Сʹҽһ˺ܿ챻ѹһѪˮʧ
صСԺֱϴһһɾ·ڶĳ˺ü죬ˡ
ֱϻЩȻϾʱ꣬ϵҲԶ˺ܶ࣬Ҷоֱ֮ǸмҲһɾη
Ҷ֣û뵽
ֱЦһϴλص֮ûֻصɳǣм䷢һϵе顣
귢ʲôô˲ɣ
ֱҲ˺ӣһʮ꣬һɣˡ
˵
ֱһ̾Ĳ⡣
˵ɣҲܺùһЩ
Ҷֱܿ϶ʲô£Ȼ䵽˳̶ȡ
飬ֱ¶һ˿ݵı飬˫ȭգһɹɱɢ
֮ǰ
ֱӰ֮ǰʼ˵ԭ֮ǰص֮һԭͦãǵ˱仯
ͻص˼壬ɳǣֱӮԴһֱһص壬ʹֱ¡
ΪһС£ֱĸ׸͵˷˳ͻѪ¼ֱĸܵˣڻԴ
Ϊˣֱۣûã֣ŭ˼ֱ˳
ֱֳƼҹ棬ֱһ֮£Լĸ뿪˼塣
˭֪·ϣɽĸױв۳Ͷ٣ڳܲס·ϡ
ֱ֮Ļ䣬Ҫһ֮뵽ԼĸΪͶֱҪ𣬻صɳǡ
ֱҪ׬ȡܶԴֻԴſſԱ˭֪ԽԽԽԽ䣬ϵԴǷ¶ĳʮɾ
ֱᣬҶҲĸ֮Ҫ󣬿뿪˭ﶼ
ĸ׻Ǳ˴ˣɽһԽܣǸĻֱ֧Ҳʱ䡣
Ҷ˼ʱ͸ֱıƴԼҲˣ˵ֱĸףҲΪԼһҪҪ͸ۡ
ڸһĻᣬ벻룡
Ҷһ£˼ҪҪֱ
ŷ˲ӣҲҶֻܵѹֱڵӣҶҪ
ΨѹܼǱܣǰÿԱ㣬ֱûʲôһһ죬ڲͬҪ
ȻҪ𣬿϶ҪҶҪġ
Ҷ֣㻹ҵѣ;˵ɣʲôС
Ҷ㣬ѾüˣҶġ
˵ط֪ˣ˵ز˾ɱ˶ĳˣǿ϶˳ҵԺҲҪˣھߡ
ʱһãĳ϶ỳɵԼϣɱĳˣ϶ưոݡ
Ҷ㲻£𲻱Ҫ鷳ǿ߾Ͳˡ
ãҲûʲôʰģھߣ
ֱҲɴ࣬ô飬Ҳ˲٣²ǰԶΪ
˳ڣܿ뿪ɳǣֱճǶȥ
ɳǾճǴ·̣һ·ϣҶóܶ൤ҩֱƷɣȷʵԼʲô
ֱҲûн飬֪Ҷںǿ󣬵ǿʲô̶ȣ֪ҶĶĬĬļ
֮˳ճǣҶ㻹ݽȥϴճɱ˻ʼڵĵӣֵ÷зҶɲԱĿ֡
һ·ϣֱ˳̤Ʒɣһ磬ֱǰ붼顣
ֱϴһԺ滹һɱҶڵ޷¡
ֻи߼пܣ¿סɱʲôϣ϶Ǽ֮
լӴﵽȻһ£Ѿǰģڴ⣬Сͯ
ˣСͯʮʮڡ
˭
ҶֱʮİһСͯʮֿʵ
ҽׯ
Ҷߵʱˣׯ԰ͽоɽׯɾׯ¡


1660 ѵ
Ҷʮֿ˵ܴľĵ˵ͷ
ׯڻͣԵһᣬȥ֪ͨ
СͯȽϿҶ㻹ֱ쵽һƫܣܿкҶˡ
ԼĪСʱɺܿԼҵ
߽ƫһ㶣ʶҶֱҶĨȥϵ֮󣬽ɻһ
Ƕȥ
һ֣˶˳ȥ棬ֻʣ½ɻҶˡ
ӣ
ˣɳҶʩһʮֿ
Լˣͱˣ
Ҷ˰֣ýɲҪ̫⣬̫ˣԺ󷴶÷չ
ӣ㡭㵽Ʒɡ
ɿһҶ㣬һż¹ȥˣҶȻƷɣֱ˼顣
Լʱ䣬һ磬Ҷ˲ܵƷ⻹
ȿȡ
Ҷɿ˼ֱǿһĿԼҶЩڣ꣬Լ˶٣û˱
Ҷ֣ĵƷɣ
ֱŲŵĿ⿴Ҷ㣬ԭΪҶ㲻ƷɶѣҲ̫˼ˡ
ˣ˵ˣɣʱ䷢չôˡ
ԼƲ̸ǳʵ
ڰƻչǷչƻĿ
óһݼƻͼҶĿ
ӹɵļƻҶϸһۣĵ˵ͷһ˿֮ɫ
ճǣҵһʮĺӣƽʮңʮˣÿ϶ڹɱ
⼸½٣Ҷڲõľ󣬸绢ҽпķѵǣÿ춼ڸı䡣
ĺܺãҺ⣡
Ҷ㽫ƻ˽ɣÿ춼ϸļ¼ÿ֧£һϸġ
ɣ㸸ôˣ
ҶŹ֮ɫҰýȫĵͶ뵽ҵ
йӵĸҸȫܶƻǼҸġ
ɴŸм֮ɫûҶ㣬ҲûɣԼԴҵ
ǵȵȣ˵Ļôһ
̸ֱ֮
ˣ໥һ£
֮һֱŸ̸ֱһߡ
λ֣Ҳҵĺֵܣλǽɣ໥Ϥһ¡
ҶԽܣϾԺǸԼˣҪùϵ
˺ܿϤֱǷŵԸ˺ܿһƬ
ֱ֪Ҳ¶ŨŨĳ֮ɫȻֵ֮飬˴ֱĸףǲ
ΪֱĸֻһѾߣ⵽ʩֱڼλܵͣܵ˵ż㷢飬ƫֱͣ˳
ֵܷģŹӣһͷأɽ磬Ҳеλ
Ҷ㣬Լ׵Ĳκãʲô鲻ܷ
ֱҲӽ֪ɽׯˣʵҶ㣬ԼԼǿһ죬Ǿɽׯˮһ̡
Ҷ㻹ֱԺ֮Уһʮ꣬ڻӺǲȱȱ似ȱԴΨһȱľǻᡣ
Щ˶ճǵײһʼǾͰһأĻᣬȻϧ
ܶ츳ܺãΪĹϵòõӴ⵽û
һʱ䣬ϸѰңҵʮûκα꣬ĸ潪ɡ
Ҵһʼɾ˵ֻѵˣǿġ
ͣ
ˣʮ˻ڲϵѵûֹͣ˼Žɻһ䣬ҷ׷ȭ
ǵټʱ˵Ļ𣿡
ɳʵʮ꣬ҶɽɾͰҵĵһ
ǵãǾɽׯˣǾɽׯĹΥ𣡡
ʮͬʱ̤ɽׯһ̣ͷģ׷ׯ
ܺãǰֻѵǣǻ˲ңˣһ츳ţҲֻŻǲôĬĬŵȥ
˵Դǣ˵ǰô˵ֻǷܣҶ̶̰ʱ䣬ͻƵƷ֮󣬳׷ˡ
ʮ໥һۣǵȷֻ֪ǲ֪ⱳ˵˭ǲһϹһϹŶ֮ࡣ
ׯ㣬ҲǾɽׯһ죬쳹ɽ硣
һڵ˳ʮ֣ص˵
ÿ϶гޣǼ˲裬Ǽ˱ɱ˱衣
ִĵҪǿĴ̼ǡ
ҿǼǾɽׯˣ
Ҷʲôû͸¶ָָҶ㡣
ׯ
ʮûκԥֱӳҶʩһҶĻᡣ
˵Ľׯ˵ˣֻһҪ󣬻ˣǿߣ㸶ٶ࣬ȥԶǷϲģסֻһ㣬ŬĻȥ
ҶĻܼ̣⻹ǴӽԪ֪ӵԣȴôµĵ
ʮһĬˣ˼ҶĻŬΪʲôѵΪ˳ͷ
ǲ˵ĻΪΨгͷأóɹ
Ҷһ۾Ϳǵ˼̫ΪǿˣҲڵײԭ򣬿Ȩ

Ҷָһ㣬ղڵͻȻزʧȥϢֱ
ɶɵˣҶΪͻȻɱˡ
ʮ֮Уûв´ʵǿ˵ţǶҪˣǻ𣿡
ֱӵıǡݣɶʼ˼ֱǽҶÿһ仰
˳Ĭ
ȷСڻţǿ϶ηǶǿߵء
أ
㻹Ҳֻʣ³Цʣ¿ɱûоηˡ
ǼסҪŬĻȥڲп磬ҪԼȥǧҪ׵ķΪһ֮ǰһУȫ֮
Ҷ㲻ϵĽ⣬ŬûǷˣֻΪ˻ȡ
ȥֻһľͷ˵һֻľ
ҶҪţҪּ̲Σ²ֻˡ
ʣ¾һĬ˼ҶĻĻҶ˵̫еˣֻллᱨ𣬲л
ǻʲô𣿡
Ҷɨ˾һۣʵ
ҡҡͷŵϵʬ壬¶֮ɫϾʮദСʱˣһɳһкĸ顣
סмǸ£
˵ı飬Ҷٴδǡ
Ҳ֮ĸ飬УԺĴУ£ֻẦǣȡᣬ塣
ҶٴδһϣԺ£ҪƾԼĸ£ҪǵȥԴ
˺ܿ飬Į飬ɢһɵƣĶ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҪˣţ侲ηǿȨΪʧȥѣʧȥǡ

Ҷָһ㣬һɰɫ뵽С棬ֵˣСھȻվû


1661 
Ҷ㻰һ䣬СھȻվûһתľ
ͻȻϲˮʧõ֪
ѹ֣ѹĸأͬ㣬ҲҪ
һŮĬĬվҶǰҶղĻСڽһ飬ʮ˷·һ
һ죬⼸ѵԸ𣬼סʱǵˣֻвϵĳԽ֣ܳΪǿߡ
ҶճǴ죬ڲһЩ󷨣˳ָһ½ɻֱ
ûţҪС
ҶˣֻʣʮŮվԺ棬ͣӣΧһȦ໥˽
û뵽ǵׯôᣬҲ˶٣ȴǿܿ˵ûֶΰɡ
һС˵ҶĹ˼١
ǸãһΪǵׯһͷǲദȻׯ˵㣬ϲԸ񡣡
һ˽˵۷׷ף̸Ҷ㡣
ڶɫһҶԺ䳡ʮѾ׼һſҶѵ
ڿʼǲѣǵˣڷУΪһ飡
սû飬ֻж֣ҶҪѵǵԡ
ʮ˺ֳܿ飬ϡ
ǿԽˣѧĶչ¶վǰǵĳˣɱǼ˵ĳˣƲҧҲҪҧ֡
Ҷѵܼ򵥣ÿһ໥֣־ǵˣĳնɱ֡
ܵҶĸȾʮ˫ͨ죬׷׳ʼսһ
ֱнɶ˹ÿһĻʮ˵ѪڶԷϣֱǲ
ǲݣҪȥҪɱ˶֡
ǻһЩ˼ɣϾѣֵܣ֡
㲻͵ɱ֣Ȼͻڶֵĵ£
Ҷ㲻ϵشߴ٣ٶȼӿ죬һͷѵ֣˹ͷնˣ˸첲㱻նϣǳĲ̡
ɻֱЩֱˣ׷ƫԴȫԲС
ȥһ룬ʲôǡ
꣡
һͷѣʮ࣬һ첲ıն£ʮѾɱۣ㲻֣ͻᱻնɱ
ͣ
һյʱ䣬ʮ϶ҲˣʵҶһ˽⣬ʵǿĻСڣֻܵһЩˡ
໥һ𣬲Լ£ѪӿȾǵ½ȴûһһüͷ·ڿҶֲ˵
Ƶĵҩȥһʱ䣬Ҫӱܷ
Ҷӳȥʮöҩһ˽ӹһ׷Уֱϥ£ʼһһöҩǿѡ
սû˸ʱָһѾǼޣֿһ֮ڣҪȻָĿ϶㡣
Ƕ˸첲Ҳʹϵյҩ
Ȼ֮䣬ֻһܶ˵ĵطڿٵϣǳ
ֻҪҶڣˣҶҲܽǾȻ
ָһ㣬Щ֫ϱۻص֮ϣҶ㽫֮ע룬Щֱȫָ
һнɻֱֱ񼼣ȥ϶ɽĺ䶯
ǿûɵҶй¶ȥһλᣬһοԳưɽĻᣬѷ꣬Ҷ󣬿϶ͷء
һʱգۼ˷׷վʼԼ塣
ҡҾȻͻˣ
һͻƵĻСڣ˳ͻƵƷɣ˰꣬磬̶һʱͻһ硣
ȻûͻƣͻƷǳĽӽˣֻҪһλᣬ˳ͻƾ硣
ڿʼһֱ飬֮ʵߵΪӡ
ҶϢһյʱ䣬
ӣֱֲַ̫ˡ
ΪҶѵַ̫̣ͬ㣬ȻҪÿС
ǵˣ㻹Ϊ𣿡
Ҷ˵һ˿顣
ĬȻҶ˵ûҪǶǵˣ϶κεĻᣬҪ̡

ҶһȣʮһվٴӣһδңǲϵѰµĶ֡
һδεıݲУһδεı˺ѣھ飬һľˣ֪Լ˶ٴˣ˶öҩ
һǿԿ϶ǵľķǳĿ죬ǿҲڿٵ죬ǵǿһֹ
һֱҹҶֹͣǼʮһ̯һ۵ſڵϡ
ʹţһʱ䣬ʮȫһ磬ɻֱȫľˣˣΪҶ̶̰ʱ䣬˵ز
˶˵Ҳܵ˴̼Ҳʼ˹ɱԵ
ҶڣǲֶΣֱǷ˼
ȻյЧ̶һҹʱ䣬ʵҲһҶָ£ͻͽ
Ҷӵиĵãÿˣƶһƻʱ䣬ҶҪľЩ
һȥҶʮʮ⣬֮ȼСʵȻߣﵽƷɣֱ
˵ϣҶÿ˷ȥһƻԺƻ׼ƻÿ˵Ƶġ
עעעؽҲעصЩҶ㶼¼ڡ
ڿʼǵ֣ӴԺǾǾɽׯʮСΪһʵſҪ˽ʮʮʮȸ
Ҷ㲻Ҫ̫ˣʮԣһĸ֡
ʮԼĺ٣һȫͻƵ磬Ժɨһš
Ҷİţ˷ܵĺʮɽׯǵһԺˣݿ϶ˡ
˵ļƻ˽ɣϽʵʩټʮˣһɳȽϷ㡣
һóԴԸõķչǰǣѰҸõš
ΪƷȥȽϷ㣬ֱڼڡ
һָһʳӣڴϣɾڳʱǡ
ҲϸҪԼʮһ磬Ҳһ磬
֪ҶҪ뿪ˣʮЩ˸УȻദ죬ҶʵҲôпᣬֻʱϸҪǣҲϸҪԼ
ϣ´ʱǻһϲ
Ҷϱʮ䣬һ˿ĸ飬ϣǲҪΪԼ٣Ľȡ
ׯģһŬþɽׯ쳹ɽ磡
ʮһغǳŵ̫ˣϣմﵽɾԸõĿ硣
ֻҪͻƵɾһᰲȥͲÿˡ
Ҷ˵ͷֻҪͻƵɾҶȻᰲȻܵ顣
뿪ճǣҶ˴ԴԼϣֻʣ޼ֻάֵƷɡ
ʦһЩɾҶҲһЩҪ׬ȡԴˡ


1662 
֮ҶȻ뿪ճǣֻʼڵڽϲǳ
֮󣬻ʼڿʼʶԼ⣬ΪһССҶ㣬Ȼ˸ͷҪ˼
뿪ճǣҶֱţڵţѾҪȰǰλ
ȸķϢһ͸һЩϲ㿪ʼõϢ׷¶֮ɫ
ҶȻ겻ķʣлʶ磬һǰͽᣬڶǳûûгɳ֮նɱ
صѪ壬Ԫһʱ̾ҵԼһܼ٣û뵽Ҷĵ˳ȥ
ʦϽȥһˣм㡣
ԪҶֵһֱ̣վҶǰٵ˵
ȥ
ҶûлصԼסٳȥΪĵӣЩǱڰеľҶ㣬û˳ֹܿԺ
Ӽʦ
ׯվԺ棬ϴһ˿֮ɫʮż
Ҷǰתӣϴһ˿ŭ֮ɫ
㾹Ȼ뿪ţ֪ڶҪɱ𡣡
ׯһȳ⣬֮УŹ֮ɫΪҶİΣǡ
֪ʦˡ
ҶһůȻׯȴǵģҶиʲô⡣
Ҷ㼰ʱϴׯҲü˵ȥҶ̬ȻǺܲġ
ʦôżҵӣǲʲô£
Ҷܿ⣬ʦżԼ϶ʲô顣
ȷм£ԭҴȼ£ǰȥڲˣʦǰħϮˣ赤ҩΣϾΪϴηӮʼһֱȫóҪȥһ¡
ׯٵ˵ȸҶʵʵ£ȥ
ħ磿
Ҷ֪Լʦʦʦһֱħ紦ѰԵʦˣ赤ҩʦֲַֻԼǰȥˡ
ûԱӣȥõȥõıϳɽ飬ûһǴħĵطһʱ䣬Գɳˡ
ׯ˵ͷֻܸĳɳÿ춼ħ彻֣ս飬ȻλʦᣬͿʼ硣
ǵʲôʱ
Ҷ¶ϲɫȥħҶҲϧԼز죬óȻǰȥ϶Σա
ڼȻʦô˵ˣ϶һʧʦóȻԼһ˳ȥ
ԽԽãýͳһ˵ڱչء
ׯҶͳ֪ôӴϢֹۡ
ӾħҲħׯ϶Խܡ

Ҷͳÿɱħ壬磬ֿԷԼ
ħ˵ǶҩǶҶ˵ǾǴ֮
ǵҩǧúã㲻ܾʦ֣Ҳ֤صš
ׯóһöĵҩװʲôҩҶֱսָ
ö⻯ʱƵģȫ൱Ʒһöһ֣൱ھƷһԱ
ׯСóö⻯Ѫ˰ʱ䡣
ҶһݣȻ֪⻯һûԸƣΪƴ˷ǳԪѪöҪµʱָ
лʦ
ҶСĽӹķ൱
ׯԿ̻һѵҶ㣬ϧҶʵޣ޷߶
Ƿ⻯ͬͨ˶ͷųȥΪƵʱԼ꣬һ߶˶ܸӦõ
ɼķҶԼܿƣɷ̻ٶҲûã𲻵á
ȥ׼ɣȥ
ׯһ֣һҶ꺣λʦʦòħ磬ҪҶԼȥǡ
ķλûУŵķλҶѾˣ֮ѾħĴ
ħ紦һƬ磬൱أһɽ磬һħ硣
ħҪռɽ磬ɽħ壬˫ϵɱѾ˼ʮ꣬á
ħ峬ħ磬ͻɳǿޣħҲɳǿ߻ɱ
˫ƺγһĬڹ涨֣ħԳֵڣ֮Ϊħ硣
һСҲħﲻϵɱ
ܶ޷ͻƾ磬ܵħѹϵͻѹϣܴ
ħҲһʳ࣬ץߺܶȥŮֱץߣȥǷܣͱǵʳǳĲ̡
ɽ粻ҪħĹҪʥʴ
ʥ屻ȥɽǺ֮ǣһֱ취ɽʥĽ磬һ򿪣ɽ罫ǰܵС
ڤ磬磬磬磬ȵȣɽ綼ǻϣһ˭ɽԴǳḻ
ûżصѪ壬Ҷȥһ湨£кˣ˶ˣɡ
Ҷ㵽ƷɣֻҡͷЦ
˻һʱ䣬ͻƵɾǸҶȣȴԽԽԶ˦˺ü֡
̥ôģ
³ױˣݺݵĴһҶؿڡ
Ҳǰܵӣ֪ԼҶֻԽԽ󣬲׷ҶĽŲˣܸѣͷǳ㡣
˼򵥵һҶصѪ壬׼֮ʦԼ뿪š
ԪһƺԪ֪ԼҪԶţȻһЩóһЩԴҶ㡣
Ҷ㿴Ҳûӽ˴ָԪ͸Լ϶̫ҪȥദҲа꣬ҶԽԪƢˡ
˺ܴȻʧȥǣɱµӣѹÿÿҹ
ҶѪӣԪƺֲźܲϣҶܽѪ巢չ׳ԪھΣҲټ֡
ͷİɣһ֮ڣһѪ岼ӣ
Ҷܲ⽹ԪʱѱʧȥǸʹࡣ
ҪһֱԼңڣƫƫҶĿھһһѣĿ·һ
Ԫ˵ͷҶдģͺˣԸ񣬵ȻȥյӣҶõý顣
˴ӳƺϣѾǰ˷˫ĹϵҲ
һֱĵҹԪ뿪Ҷվڷ嶥֮ϣǿգ֪ڷôˡ
ܿ죬һӰҶߣׯ
ʦ
Ҷʩһ񣬼Ҫ񣬵ƾö⻤ֵҶ𾴡
ʱ䲻ˣڳ
ׯһɨҶһʧԭأãã֮С
ɽޱ޼ʣׯͳȥҶҪ²ܽħ紦


1663 ħ
ׯ֪˶ã·ȥһ£·ȥʮ졣
Ҷ㿴ߵʱѿɽľ󣬷·뵽ޱ޼ʵĺ
ǳÿһöǳ൱һ򣬶Ҷ㿴˺ܶྦྷڣÿһں棬Ҳһ硣
ֻ㵽ˣʣµ·̣Լǰ
óһݵͼҶʣµ·̣ҶԼһǰ
ʦİɣһܼʱϵ
֪ʦĶʦֵİΣ̫࣬һƷħ磬ħ϶ӦõҲɳħʳ֡
ͻᷢģħ֣϶Ϳ̿˻
֪һ֮и֮ԼֻҪһ֮ڸϻɣԼأҪǼλʦ֣ǻչġ
ׯһ䣬ϣҶúðλᣬħ紦Լ
ħ磬ڼʮ꣬ǿߣЩ䲻ûħ硣
һǰһǰϣѰЩǿı
شħ磬γ˻籩һ֮ء
޾Ļ֮ɽ缫ټħ磬ǳŨÿÿÿգǰ
ׯֿ֮Ҷ򿪵ͼϵָʹ֮һöವһʧԭء
Ҷʧׯ̾ϢһҲʧˣصš
ޱ޼ʵ磬ûеͼ̻꣬Ҷ϶ʧҪҪµʱ䡣
˿̵ħ磬ȻڱС͵Ĵսʱ䣬ħƺɽ磬ϵɳСģħ壬ϵ͵Ϯࡣ
ҶĶʦ֣һ͵Ϯ֮ˣǿħϮˡ
֮ҶƺŵħϢʼҪҶ壬ܵħ
ħҪҶħ֮յŨʮ࣬ҪȷǴ򱶡
ҵĻˣٳٵòչⲻǳ֮ƣڿ޼ɵɱħ塣
ҶҪ쳤ХӴ˵Ż֮֮Ҷӿƿĸо
Ƿİɣò˶ãһὫǽӻӴԺɽ磡
Ҷ㰵ģѾһʱˣҲ֪ڹΡ
ˮһƧ֮أɫ䣬ʱ䣬ʱ޿̶ϣгһգڼҶ㡣
ȥɣҶ˵϶뿪ġ
վٲȻһģΪ˴侲֪ҶΪס
ǵľ磬ˮҺСӦϾǰˮʥŮ˹Ļԡ
ޱ޼ʵλ棬Ҷ㲻֪˶ãǰһƬĹεشħ֮أޱȾ޴󣬾ҶУҲʮ£˭֪ʦּ
Ψһİ취Ƚħ紦˴һ£ӦòǺҵ
ԶԶȥħһͷһ޼ʵħףħͷųԽƬħֱħ硣
Уݺύ岼һ㣬涼ӰӣҲħټ
һЩྐྵȻУ׼ﷱϢú󱲿Գʱ򣬾ջ֮
ͬҲܼΣգÿնĵ
ڽ紦һᴩȥһߣ˭Ҳ֪ħı߼ںδ
ȥҶʦǡ
ҶЦһɸһҪħ̫Ѱˣڵ졣
ʦҲûй涨Լʱ䣬ɱһЩħ˵һȡҲ
߱ʽҲҶɱﵣޱȡ
һΣҶʧԭأĵļħϵħԼܵĻ֮ЩǴ֮
˽ҪգҶֻҪħɣɽħգܿתµ뵽֮С
ûģħ壬Ĵ󲿷ֶ䵥ʵСħ壬ɱûʲô˼ħ編̫
ϵ룬Ҷһܿʮͷħ壬ʵǳɶƷҡ
Ҷûг֣ǼΪ־ѹħ壬ħ岻ս԰ܡ
ɱ֮Ϣٴαһʵڷٵ
Ҷ㻹֣ħ紦ԴǳḻΪЩҩħ˵ûã˵Ǳ
кܶȻ˷֣϶һѷӿȥ
ǰӰ֣Ҷ˵ע⣬ѡһЩСħɱⱩ©Լʵʵ
ûʲôջˣǻȥɣ
߹ˣƺһģʵƷɣҶ㿴İľһ˾Ȼﵽ˾Ʒɡ
ƺҲҶ㣬Ҷ㲻Ʒɣ׷¶֮ɫû˵ֱ˹ȥ
Ʒɣħ磬ǿͬȻѰ·
ﲻħ⴦ǵͼħ壬ɱҲû˼Լ١
Ψǿħ壬Դʮַḻܶط㣬кܶɾ
ҶԳЦЦû⣬ʱɫҲˣҪҵ֮أϣǳ࣬ħܶʱ򣬶͵Ϯ
λʦ֣һ⸽Ϣ
ħ磬мཨķǣϣԽȥϢȫϵǳĸߣģħ幥
Ҷ˵أĸ֣òһ䡣
֮أҲһʱҲȥҪǸٶȣ͸һߡ
Ͼ࣬˵ҲûжɱҶʵ̫ͣҲɱ
˵꣬ٶͻȻӿ죬ƺҶ
ʧҶ¶һߣƷɲ˵ҪƷɶ˦Լǰ׻ˡ
ҶûиҵȫʵԼٶȣȲʩչ֮⣬Ҳʹ֮ٶȴ
ʼʱҶǺԶ𽥵ı뵽һʱҶ㿪ʼȶ
׷һյʱ䣬Ҷ㿪ʼҵĴϢȻװǿãǱġ
ҶǱģһЦٶȿʼǰһСͳǳصģ
ǳؽļֱҹάǳļªѰһЩʯѻûκιɿԣ޷ǾǵֵħĹ
һ룬ûҶ㡣
ʧҶס壬ϴϢıҲ֮ʧ¶һ˿Ц
ߣƷɶѣò˶ãҾͻᷴǡ
̤ŽŲ֮ʣҶҲУʮּªĽϡϡĽܣΪʱ
ҶڲĽϣཨܶ඼ռݣϾԼģҪҵһסĲǺס
֮£ҶֻҵһǽǣȶԸһϣ취ҲȥһЩʯͷѻһȰ
ҹ٣ħ紵У˶ôһ£Ҷ㷴ʮڴڵħϢ


1664 
ɫԽԽܵħŨϻһγ˶صĹΣϸȥΧγɵ߲塣
ǽ棬ʱʱĴħгǽŭһϣħϲûɱЩ䵥࣬ǵľѪԼĽ
УȻȽϴֲڣҲһأƺ̣ȻЩǷҲһζ
Ⱥһ𣬺Сƣ죬ҹһصķ羰ߡ
ϧҶ¼ҹһ޹ʣʵ£ȻҲͶ
Ҷϸ۲˺þãƷûУƷҲУǰǶǿУ󲿷ֶоƷһ档
ҶֵƷɣǶˣƷ߰ƷҲˣƫƫҶ㲻ƷȻҵħ硣
ȻһƷ֣ҲҪɱǿħѰ̼ϣҵͻƵ
ḻԴŨĻͼÿҲӿʮϡ٣Ǻܳ
Ƚ㻹ǲϸ𣬸һ綼
ڳвԶһӵƺںһˡ
壬Ѿ˵ʦˣֿȻʦˣҲչ뿪
ȽŮӣشĺܸɴ࣬ղźӽ塣
Ȼ㲻ʶôֻɱܹԹԵĸˡ
ܿһ䣬ȻȽϸԼߣֻɱļʦ֣Ϳ԰ĵĸԼ뿪ˡ
壬ң
Ƚ¶һ˿䣬ʦˣȻ˷֮Уʦʵǿ󣬴ﵽ۷Ʒɣ岻һľƷɡ
ڶʦˣûǰܾΣڶʦ֣岻̫
ʲôҵģŲһǵţŰɣ֤Ҫǿһǧ
ų֮ɫЩ˾ȻʶˣƺǿȽɫ
ЩԭϢ˷׷վһֵӣħʮֿɱħ壬ΨһȤľŮˡ
Ƚ˹ɫ˶ΣϧĶʦʵǿû˸ҶС˼
ǰЩһħģϮ֮ȽĶʦΪһħ׷ɱˣѾһϢ
ҵĵҲ׷ҪֺȽϣܵõǿӲֶεģҲв٣һǹ˼һЩ
ʦ㣬ϻҪǸƴҲҪȫʦ֡
һһ˳Ƚʦܳǣʵ֮ͣﵽƷɣȽƷɣڵϻһӣɫ㲣˿ֻһ֮ң
ҲƴֱǿЦ֮
Цһ˾ͿԺɨˡ
ܾۼԽԽ࣬ҶҲĵվȽֵʱҶüһϲ
û뵽ʦǾȻҲ
ɲɣҶʦʦȻҲʦȽʦֳǣʦˮ
˵ͬɺϣڵϵ˾Ͳɺϣһ𣬸Ǻǵݡ
Ҷ㿿֮󣬽ǵòһԱȣȷ˾Լʦʦ㡣
Ѿţ˫ʼţûȽɫŸһֱǵжԹϵһҲ֡
һΣҶϢĽȽסʯ棬˭Ҳûз֣ڵϵˮҶüͷһ塣
ˮؿڲλһڵӡӡܣһЩطʼãɢϢ
ҳɣҶóʦĵҩֱ֮ӷŽˮֱ۴ˮؿϣһ˿˿ڵħ˳Ҷֱۣ˳
ڵ֮˳Ҷۣ뵽ˮ棬ֵˣˮؿϵӡڿٵȥ
һз̫죬Ҷ㶼о˼飬ûеҩҶҲԾȻˮ϶ô졣
ƻöҩԭ򣬼ӿˮָʱ䡣
ҶһڣԣҩԼȫţֻҪκʦ־ͺˡ
ϧҩѾʦֵĶ棬϶òˣֻε̾Ϣһ
ʦһöʲôҩȻ棬׹ǣĹܡ
ҪҶ֪öҩһö֪θ룬ΪöҩׯǺķԴڳȫˮ
Ҫǲ⣬öҩԸıˮʣò˶ãͻƵˡ
ľٴα仯һˣǴҶǵˣһʼǾ֪Ҷŵĵӣ֪θ룬᲻ᵱͽԼɱˡ
һ֣߳һƷɣ׼Գǳ֣ԼһȽ¶Цݡ
Цݱ࣬ıҲռ
ûֹһֶֻֿΪο˹ϵ۸ӣҲįˣȻǳͷ
ս˲죬峤ֱ룬ֱȽûֱӽȽɱһϷģʱʱȽһ£Ƚ塣
Ƚɫ࣬ɱɢȽŭ
Ʒ۷ʵչ¶ַôףҲҪСĶս
廹ռݾԵƣҪɱȽֻʱ⡣
Ǳ߳ҲΣƵƵֱƵòܣϾһ硣
ҪǶʦڣƾʦһˣͿԺɨˡ
飡
һȭӣ˺ֿܿȽгǶˣվԭزϵĴϢ绹Щࡣ
ȽȰǻǹԹԵ־ܰɣһ˺
ŻЦĿⲻϵɨȽ壬Ҫ֮һ
ʦ㣬һ᲻УߣҶϺ󣬲˶
ǰиȽлᣬ뿪Ȼص˵Ȼ˶Ҫ
УҪһʦѾˣڼּ죬ʦ־ָܻ
Ƚطʦƾ⼸죬ͻֻҪʦָֻܺɨһЩС
ôˣûǰܿȥҪתơ
ʮֽ˵ҪȫˣòʧǱ˶ûˡ
һģ
Ƚżᶨ֮ɫʦһȶʦ֣׵ȥ
ڰ˽ɫһ֣ٴγȥ׼һٽƷ
ǿͷųޱȣǾƷķݺύγ˿񱩵ϵͷţȽ岻ϵĺˡ
ѹƣ˿֧ţַĽҶʯ濴һͻȻħٶȣˮħԼٶʧ
̶̼ʱ䣬ˮħʧһɶɫҲ𽥻ָ
ս뵽˰ȻȽгȥ϶
䣡
ǳһƣһѪΪһߣֱӵɳȥ巢һЦһ䣬Ƚ˹ȥ
Ƚҵˡ
޼ɵĴЦ
ƿҪµһ̣һӰʯ˳ޱȣҪ廹Ҫһ


1665 ʦֵž
ֿҪץסȽʱ򣬴ʯ֮УͻȻһӰֱǰ
ģ
˫ԣһɱˣЩĽ߷׷ױƷɳȥ壬һǺȻҲ˳ȥ
һз̫죬ʯ֮䣬˭Ҳûз֣ʯ֮л˳
ʯ֮Уˮ֮⣬ˣѵˮƻָˣ
䡭
ˣ˼ʮſվȡ
ʦ֣ˣ
ԼǰͻȻֵӰȽһ֮ɫЩţͻȻֵǻԲѵˮͻȻð˳ϢҪ֮ǰǿˡ
ˮ˵ͷʾԼûˡ
壬ôĵӣȻҵϷŵӣɣ
ˮ˵꣬ٴ˳ȥȽϽܵ˵ĳǷʱŷ֣ʯ֮оȻһˣʮᡣ
໥һۣȽǳǣʶҶ㣬ѵҶ˶ʦ֣
Ϊˮڸ彻֣ȽгûʱҶ㣬ȫעĿƵƵ֡
ˮԽսԽ£ܿռϷ磬Ͼһǰ벽һͨľƷɣ˫кܴĲࡣ
ܿͱˮһɳȥʱҶͻȻˮ
ʦ֣Ƴڴȥƶ񻯣
Ȼ˵ҩҶҲħϾƳһЩ໹ûȫ޸
屻ˮ֮һöȻԶȥһ˿һĶ
ˮָˣڸҷֻȶ˵Ż취֮նɱ
壬ܣҷǵɱ㲻ɡ
ˮ֪Ȼһƽɣƴ϶ҲܾˣҺСʦܼʱѡ
ŵ˷׷ߣȽгǶ˹Ź֮ɫŶʦ֡
ʦ֣ûˣ
ЩţղŻһϢĶʦ֣ôͻȻ֮ͻָˣô
СʦܵĹͣʦľҩ
ˮֱ߽ʯ֮УݺݵһҶʦֵԸ񣬻Ǵ֡
ʦܼʦʦ㣡
ҶʮֿһڣϾһμ档
ʦյĹŵӣ
һ֮ɫʦһֻ֪Եû뵽Ҷᡣ
ǣ
Ҷʮǫ飬һǫǫӣȽˮ׷׵ͷʦܵƷû˵
ʦܣôҵģ
ˮѵһ̣֪Ҷݣûʱ佻ֱӷ˳ȥ壬ʱڳʱѯʡ
ɺϣˣѯ֮أһ
˵̫ɺˣˣҶ㻹Ҳ
ҲһȻҲ⣬Һ˲֪ҶݣȻһὫ֮ɱ
ʦܣ˵˷Ĺھ𣿡
ҶһЩ飬ׯû⼸ӣϣǲҪҶ㣬һЩɷ֡
ɺϣ
Ҷ㻹ɺֻ֣εĿЦԼ飬ʦѾˡ
ʦܣ̫ǫˣڰ޷壬ŭɱٶˣԾƷնɱɣᣬʱɺô򵥣ʦּȣֱǺհ
̷ҩ֮ƵõѹƣһԵĽҶ¼˵˳ȽˮԭţΪʦʡ
ȵʵҶ֮󣬲֪ʦûѣҶ츳ĺǿ
ʦ־ͲҪʦˣȥʦܻ᲻˼ġ
Ҷ¶֮ɫЩ˼ʵǾ綼Լ佱ԼǸһ
ˣʦ۹϶ͬˣȻʦѡУ϶һĴڣҲҪΪСʦˣʦֵܵһμ棬ûʲôõ͸㣬СС⣬ʦЦɡ
ˮ˳ǣӻóһöɫҶǶʦָСʦܵļ
ɫҲһңǳʦֻǴ󷽡
Ҳûʲô͸ģöϼ׾͸ˡ
Ƚóһöףţǹ룬ܳһֹȻ˻УҲˡ
СʦܣûʲôõĶһεؾ͸ɣѾòˣʣһΣʺ
óһεؾ飬ߵıȻ׵ˡ
ʦô˼
Ҷ񷢹⣬ﻹܾ
ɫ꾫Ҷĵ飬ɫάһʱ䡣
ϼײ˵ˣǷҲǼƷĴڡ
ؾ󣬼γɼΣҲ֪ʦִҵģʣһΡ
ţ㣬ǼѾЩǱˡ
ˮǿҶ㻳ܾ˵Ҷо֮
ʦܾ͹Щʦܽˡ
ҶȱԴЩ̫ʱˣϽԪԴҶӻʱ䡣
֮ǰԪóһöƷɾҶ㣬ҪׯʮȷҶݺݵһѡ
ʦܣǴһʱ䣬Ȼصš
Ƚ££޽ǵ㷢ղһ򶷣㷢ЩңʱҶʵ
һʱ䣬뼸λʦʦչˣ
Ҷ֪Լһħ磬ΣأȻʦ͵ķ⻯ôķҶ᲻öá
õҲҪΣͷ
ãĸʦֵܿԺúõľ۾ۣ
ˮʮϲҶ㣬䣬ˮҲʮˣɽһ
ȽҲʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҷ㣬ȷʵܴˡ
Ҷɽ粻ӽһʱ䣬ɽļ㣬Ҷӳ꿪ʼȹһ꣬ҲŸոյʮꡣ
һҹʱ䣬ʦֵ˶ڻЦжȹ֪ҶӷˮȽˣǾ֡
Ҷܶڷ飬ǶԷһֻ֪֪һƬ֮ء
ɽ˴棬Űܵͷ½磬ӴԺҲ޷ɽ硣
û뵽Ҷ㾹ȻǴĵطģֱǲ˼顣
һҹʱദ˳뵽һҪˮʮˬʣûκεĻҶҲչмӣȻҲᱻׯС
ɫһһлָҲ˷֮лָ׼µһ졣
ʦܣǽȥˮȣСĵĸǺ棬߼ħ壬ǧҪǿ
ˮŹ֮ɫ˴ͷҶҪΪҶ㰲ȫǡ
ʦܽʦּ
Ҷ㵱ȻͷԼĿսжʦڣħ壬ȻʲôΣա
˺ܿ뿪ʯͷѻСǣѾ뿪ˡ
ޱ޼ʵħ磬һ·֮ϣǲϵĸҶĵΣʮָӣ׳ħ壬Ƚϰȫħϲβ֣һһҶһ顣
ЩϢҶȫԺ֮УлԵȥߣһȫû⣬𲻵á


1666 Ī
һ·֮ϣҶ֪Լʦ֣ħҲпһʱˡ
ֻҪͻƵͻ뿪š
ʱˮƷɣȽƷɣҲƷ
ȥһˣƷһҲǷǳˣϾԽڣԽԽѡ
ȽȼˮҲһӽȼֻһܿ
ʦܣôˣ
ʦֻǸ˵һЩҶ飬ŵûôϸ˵
һ
Ҷ򵥵˵һЩҪǰ϶иյļ꣬յĵҲԽԽࡣ
ףһһȴյӵӣϽ棬ЩûǱĵ򱻰ŵ۴µѪҺ
Ҷʹ㣬׵ʱܲѪټһЩõӣѪطĻԻ͡
ʦ֣ȥˮʲô
Ҷʮֺ棬һ·֮ϣҲ˲ħ壬Ϊǲֱɱǰˮȡ
Ҷ֮ħҶ˵ʳñħʳһ
Ƕͨ˵ɱħĥԼڲҪĥʱȻҪȥɱȥѰұ
ʵˮ֮һֺĪԴ˻ǧܳˮ棬꿪˿ĪֹҲֻȥ
ˮʱ˵ԭˮĪ֣üλʦּٸ
Ī̷ȥһȼ
Ī֣Ҷһѹλʦͣ㣬ɫһ͸ˮȣѾĸȥˡ
ûҪܵõĪʦ̷֮󣬿˲ͻƵ磬ǾͿԺɨħˡ
ʱԣϣʦܵõͿԽĪͻˡ
߾֮رĪֺɻȻڷǰԵδҲδͻƾ硣
ˮЦһĪͨ飬ҪԵֲ˵̷ˣǳѡ
£
Ҷһ֮ɫõ鱦˶ܷ
ȻЩͨĵر˶ԷãһЩ࣬ǲǣһ磬Իγˣ챦Եֲ޷ռУ⵽ﷴɡ
ˮϵĽͣСʦܣ֪޲ԡ
Ҷ˵ͷԼļʶǲǰӴĺܶ࣬ͨر
ñ飬ǺǵıһжǻԵɺϣҶǡɵõ޿κΡ
һᵽˮȣܻһǾ䣬ȿ
ˮһ䣬ħ磬ħǳĻңǸţɢ޵ȵȣĴ˻
ȽгǶˮƴӣ׷׵ͷʾ⣬ҶҲ˵ͷħ磬֪ơ
Ʒɣ˵ǵ׵ĴڣҶ㻹ΣҪץʱ䣬ˡ
Ψеʸɽ㣬һǿߣҲ˵Ǿǿߡ
Ͼ־أһһ죬ʱҶȥˮܼܲǼ
ʵڲУֻܵȵǷˣˮһμӡ
ηᣬҶԭΪˮμӣ˭֪ˮһ˶ûвμӣķƴ
ˮȴħشһƬɽˮƷǳն񣬼ˮУܵȾˮԴһˮմϣܿͻ⵽ʴ
ǶˮȵҶκζˮ֮ضҪն֡
жˮкܱܶ࣬Ķˮȣָ
δˮȣһŨŨζɽ粻ֶᣬǽʴˮմϣܿͻһʹ
ȻȪˮʴˮʲôȪˮ궼ʴ˵ˣһλȪˮ˺һ
һʴˮֻˣɾմҲܣп䡣
ʴˮҶ⻬°ͣΪӴȪˮ
ħսħʹ߾ʹ˲ٻȪˮҶõ֮˳ħ޵Ĺİ壬ȪˮвҶ㣬˴֮
֪ܲܵʴˮܵƣԼԴˮ֮УĪ
õĪԽĪͻƷһ֮Ƶ֮սаա
ѾƷɣһ϶ܴﵽƷߣҶ㲻κεĴ֮ġ
ΨдﵽƷоԵİգȻͻƵһƷҶҲаԱ
ŨŨζˮ˷׷űӣʴˮ֮Уɢڿ֮УҲһ˺
ҶֻѧǵģűӣǾԼࡣ
ʴˮ˰ɫˣ£ϵ·ӵʳ˳񷣬ᴩ֮ϣγһƬǶˮȵľ
ʱĺܣΧŲˣкüˣǱĪ
ҶҲ뵽֮УһЩ˼׷״кħദһʱ䣬ʶһЩˡ
Ƚħ磬ҲħսԳƺͬͬһսʱ򼸸ܻΣЩ
ʦ㣬ʴˮ޷ȥȻĪôժȡ
Ҷ㳯ȽʵǷУҲܵʴˮϮΪˮǳļԶλãˮ
ܻðȥǴ󲿷˶ȣ˵õڳᡣ
Ƚʮ͵˵϶̲סһЩ·ԵһЩʴˮ˺мɰĪ
Ҷ˵ͷȽ˵˼ڳپƷ֣϶˴ϾõĪлͻ
ԽԽڣǷڵĿˮðŨҵζʮܣ棬һ󷭽
٣Ҫʴˮ͸棬˺
ˮһ˶١
ȽгǷ׷ױʶʴˮ͸ҶȻװģʴˮ溬һиʴã൱֮
ҶҪģ⾳
˵ŻҶأ֮ǱҪ򵽵ģԽ֮Ҳ
һ˿˿Ҷ棬ʼת뵽꺣棬ʱ䣬Ҷһ˿Ϣ
ȽгǲĿһҶ㣬ЩҶ㣬ΪҶϵϢǳŹ֡
ܿתƣ򣬿ʼԶֿһտɫĻˣĪ
Īڳˣ
˾һĪڳˣǴ˵֮еĴ֮ÿĪˣԢд֮˳֡
һΣԪ꣬ܶ౦׷
һڴСĻ䣬Ưʴˮ֮ϣɢɫâɷǺÿ
ΨĪܳʴˮĸʴʴˮϵĽγһ޶Ĵ֮
Ѿ˵ȲˣŻ뵽ᣬа֮Ȼû⣬Ψһ⣬Ƿڵˮ棬Ҫ˰º֡
ಣ
Ī׸ˮһ̣̲סˣȳ֡


1667 ս
Īǿ̲סˣ˳֣ವһںϡ
Щʴˮ壬ܿڵ·һ㡣
Һ˷һ·ֵܵһֵʴˮҲ˺Դ
ȥժȡĪһ̣ӿֲˣӺͻȻܳһ޿ڣֱӽɵˡ
һз̫죬Ĳ˼飬˼άϣ棬ȻûпʲôһƷɾͱԵˡ
һĪãҲȥܡ
ڵвʴˮкǸ޴ĹޣȻʴˮĪػʥҩ
ʦ֣֪֮ʲô𣿡
Ƚˮʵʴˮһޣܶż涼ûмء
Ǻղž޿ڣ档
ˮҲҿ϶ֻǴŲ²Ŀƾһž޿ڣ޷жϺ޵ݡ
棿
ȽҶ˶һã֮ɫһ֡
һϸϲڸ棬ܲʴˮʱΪҲһ˸õ壬ĿԱȽϴ󡣡
ˮֽܷͣһȻ壬˽ȻҲгֱ֣ӵȼ
ϸô󣿡
Ҷ֪ϸһ㲻ᳬϴСôܳô
˵ĲϸȻܳô˵һͷ𣿡
ˮ˵ͷҶʶ⣬֤ϸġ
ʦֵ˼ͷһ𣿡
ȽҲˣһҵ˺ԼסĵطͻķܣϸĶϲճϵһ𣬷ǳĿɲ
Īǵòˣ
Ҷ㻹ǱȽϹĪҪǵõ˳ͻƵƷɣҪǾˣǿϧ
Ⱦɣ»棬ϧʴˮܻ棬ܲµˣֹһ
ˮȾĿţϾƵһЩȣ˺ܶࡣ
ڴԥĹԶͻȻħӰӣǳĶ࣬ϲɱ֪࣬ۼڴˣȻγ˺Χ̬ơ
ãħˣ
˷һǶ֮ԭҴĪ˭֪ħҲ֣ǳӴ󣬴㽫һټ
ʦܣʦã׼ӭսĪãȱҪûȥ
ˮ˵ıսħˣҪĪǲˡ
ǱѾ˸ħսһ𣬶ʱ䣬ѣֵ޼ɵͷţħһ£Ҳе͵ħС
ˮͷ˺ܿһСħ彻ˣһƷҵħˮħǱȽгǸӹȥҶ㵹ûһ
ǧħ壬׷׳֣һЩħֱӱɳȥ룬ǳ֣ħ岻ȤȻûнǳԵ
Ҷܿˣԭһħ棬ǵʳħ࣬ȻԵħ塣
ľѪһЩõĽһħ룬ûбԵǱʴˮõ塣
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һͷħҶǰһƳҶޱȡ
Ҷʶܣдӡ֣һƷȥͷƷҵħȻҶһ˳ȥ
Ƚг˫һЩţԼСʦʵȻ֮ǿ
һ֣߳ҶʶעӺı仯ȷħ岻Ȥ֮Ҷ֪ԼĻˡ
ԽսԽ£Ҷܿħ򣬿ˮ˰ģѾϾչҶ㡣
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ִףҶȫĵͶ뵽ս֮УЩħѪʮִҶա
ɱ¾֮ɺɫĹâԴˣЩħ׷׵ɱ¾֮ո
̶һ˲䣬Ҷնɱʮͷħ壬ǳĿֲ
Ųһ̤һĽӡˣһ׵֣ޱȿ񱩵ͷųȥ
ͬһ޴ֱײеħ׷ױ˽״Ĳ
ɱֶΣֱʣҶСɱǿĵ⣬ҲҶ޼ɵʩչ
ԴĿסħ壬ֱ绢
ɱ¾
һ䣬Ҷʩչ˴ɱ¾ˣÿһħ棬ħľѪҶһɶ
Ҷɱħٶȣܿ쳬ԽˮˣɱٶȣҶ㼸ƥС
ҶɱôħħͻȻһƷҵħ˹ֹҶɱȥ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ԸƷħǺѣԸƷû̫İգʹ֮ʩչٶϣƷħҲκβԼ
Ҷ㻬Ʒħ۴УҶ潻֣ƺʱ䡣
ܵս뵽˰ȻߣԽԽ٣Ī´л
ǿ쳷ԽԽħ
Զиħӿˮкһôҿ뿪һΧһħйģĹ
ҶҲսʩչܿħĹԾʧ
ˮһ֮ͨ󣬷ٵĳȥҶ˽󣬶ˮʧǵ֮С
һ֣ħ嶼飬ÿ춼ݣˮѾϰˣҶ㣬Щ˷ܡ
ÿԵĸоҪģħսԴḻĪУ϶иǿıѹֻôǰ
ʦܣû°ɣ
ˮŹ֮ɫҶղźֱײǳΣա
лʦֵĹģû£
Ҷ㵱Ȼ£֮ңĵĽף˭Ҳ֣ᷢϣܴĪ
뿪˵ز˾ħƵƵַ࣬϶ʲôıǱҪС¡
ˮž֮ɫΪħʲôΪ
ϧһɢɳħ岻ͬǵȼʮϸÿһȼϸĻ֣һħͳʮħһħͳһǧͷͨħ塣
ΪħǻƣɻȪ۴ڲħʳ˺üεĶѾ統ĻԻ͡
εħս䵥ħֱնɱҶĵļħЩħȫգתµ
ܵĻҲҶͳͳգʱ޿̣Ҷ㶼ƷԽԽˡ
ؾҶҲǳֲöؾһҪǵõĪ˲ƷпͻƵƷ硣
ɫؾһ𣬿ԳƷõĪﵽƷ׵顣
Ȼ뿪˶ˮȣҶʶȻͣǱˮ棬һͷڵĸˮصζ档
Ѿ֮棬ܹʱ򣬿˲ֿйΪΡ
ˣǺһ𣬷ǳǿа֮
ĪƯˮϣԽԽӽĪʱ򣬽֮ɡ


1668 ƻ
ûóȻжƺڵȣս֮۷ǲġ
һöĪһȼջҶ㶼޷ֵ˵ˡ
ٳٲȥһֱĪΧεѾо࿿״̬
˲Ǻֻܶ࣬мʮˣľƷɣðԡ
ֵ⿪ʼʩչˮ棬Ƿɵˮ֮ϣ˼ַ׼ȡĪ
óȻ棬϶ΣգܵĹȫǴӡ
ԼбĪ׼ո
һֵӡǳ֣ʮɸ֣ٿԼıںϿʼսˣ˭ҲãĪ
˭ܵõԢ˭ͻƵ
ܵϵĲ濪ʼں治ϵζһ˻һɨöֱӱ˳ȥ
ڼƵۼһޱȣһƷһЩֱӱ飬׷׵䵽֮¡
һУЩǺöȻˣԷֽɱ¾֮˱
СľмɻĪ
Ҷ֮ǰˮľ긽ϣˮľٶȣȡĪ
ɣֻҪЩ˹ǿڴһЩǣٶȣǾлὫ֮ߡ
ˮľѾ룬ǳסƷˡ
ʧȥ˷Щ˻ǲϷһ࣬Ҳ˷ɵ߿ϣʼ޴ӡ׼Ī
ˮ棬ĿһУһ㿿ĪƺĴڡ
ҵһˮ֮أͣˮľͻȻΪһˮģĵĿĪ
͵ԵΪҶ񣬵Ī
ˮϵսԽԽңʮƷһ֣һսǳĿֲ
ˮʼģ˻嶼٣׷׶ܡ
ܵΣղźüĪͱߣһֱӸˮ棬׼ཻ֣ǻˡ
渡ˮ棬¶һĻߣҲ
Щȥûа취ҴʳԼ
󲿷־ȥԸЩˣͺҶ㣬ΪҶ㵱ħ塣
Ī˵Ǳħ˵޹ؽҪ԰Īϵһȥ
ˮľ𽥿Īʼһƶ˵ߣ׼ˡ
淴Ӧʱ򣬱ҪһʱףȻᱻԵ˰ϣ޷УȻһƷɣκβˡ
ʴˮߵ׷׶ܣ޷ߣҧгݣô˾Ȼκβһ棬ֱд
һ㸡֣ϸȥָ׸ǴСۼһÿһֻ涼ʮצӣεץһ
ˣ
ͻȻһȣˮľˣһɨĪֱʧں棬˭ûзӦҲ⡣
ȵ淴ӦʱѾص˺ϣʩչʧԭء
ʧȥĪΪЩʹõĵɽƣ޾ʴˮûȥ
ʮ˶ˣҲˣôħҲ˽ƵĻΪ˱ڹġ
Ҫ޷ǰ϶׷ȥˣľסǣøߵĻᡣ
ܵĪһɽϣҶͻȻЦߵȽгǶǿɵһҶ㡣
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ܿһСȺħ壬ģһģһҶˣһʶ
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ͷħǵĪģǲ֪Ҳȫ֮ɱǳħһˡ
ħôҲĪ⡣
ϹɫζĪ־ڱصãȻһ۵ħˡ
ⲻһǲ˰вٿأ
һʱ˵Ϊ˹ٿħ壬ĵĵĪ
˭ôı£Բٿħ壬һ·׷ͷħ뵽ħȺ֮УûнӴࡣ
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ʿǣҪҲˣһ
ϹɫһϢɢ
ϹϹʹΪˣ츳ߣᣬʹﵽ˾Ʒɣħս˳ͻϹ
Ϲǿף˶񺮵Ķһ£ǾϹ㣬Ǿ̬Ը
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ħ岿仺ȥϹĿҲԽԽĪħ壬ҵˣͷħ壬˭֪һͷǵĪס
ɫˣǻȥɣ
˿ɫûʲôջ񣬳ɱһЩħ֮⣬ͲɼһЩҩɷֲǺܺãƷɾ
صסʯݣΪȽ磬Ҷִһ䣬ļʯ໥£໥ҲиӦ
Ҷóһöչܿ컯ΪˮΣҶϴһɶ
ʯΧƣ͵ϮҶ棬ؾ飬׼δ֮ڣͻƵƷ硣
ڷֽһʶʱ̹ע
ħ岿֮ħܿϤۣħ䣬һħ壬ƾƷħǧңһƷƷнӽ򣬷ǳĿֲѾγԼĲ䡣
һ䣬͸һСͳһ˿ڴżʮ򲻵ȣ
ħдħǳ֣סʮ򵽼ħ岻ȣи߼ħʳû
ĿģҵۣħرĵطħôЩ꣬϶ռ˺ܶĶ֪ںδ
òҲЯΨһĿܣǲⱻ෢֡
ҶڲһԶļƻҵħıأ֮ܽ
һҹʱؾҶɢƷԽԽˡ
Ҷһҹʱʵ٣ˮȽ˷׷¶֮ɫ
ʦ֣ȥ
ȽˮʵϾǶʦ֣ʵǿ󣬶
ʦ֣ҵи飬Ըǳɳ
ҶʱͻȻԣϣÿĿĵѰұɱħ似硣


1669 Ϣй¶
˺ĿҶ㣬ʲô취ܿٵĳɳʮֺ档
ʦܿ˵˵βܿٳɳ
ЩˣΪоҶҪ׷ĲˮһħսȽ˰ƷƷѹܴ
ˮȽҲ׷׿Ҷ㣬ʲô
Ǹжܸĳɳ
ҶϣԼܵжͲᵣԼĵع⡣
Уֿ̫Σˣ߼ħ壬϶С
ˮҡҡͷΪ׵ȫϵ󽵵ˡ
֪ʦֵ˼һȫȻû⣬ʦûУʵߣǸһ޷ɱǷչ޷еǱ
ҶֱԲ˵Ҳˮ
Ҷһ˶ĬˣΪҶ˵еرǳǣᡣ
Ҷ㲻ٵʱʦָʦһֱɱ״̬̬˱仯ûǰּ顣
ˮĳĬ˼ǲԼ̫ˣԼı֮£ǵķչ
ʦ֣ʦƺ˵ôһЩ
Ƚ˵ˣƷɣʱҲܸ߼ħ彻֣ĺܿ졣
Ϊޣ֮ڻصԵջΣҵļƻУԺУھۼһҲ
Ҷ㲹˵˵ʱ䣬ԼƷͻˡ
ʦ֣ʦܵİɣҲˡ
վ˳֧Ҷ㣬ΪȥҪԼǱ
ȽҲ˵ͷƺЩĶˣ죬һ¶ĸо
ãöͨѶʱ䣬뿪ͨѶķΧһΣգ֪ͨˡ
˼ı飬ˮֲ֪ǣóöͨѶоƣֻҪηΧ֮ڣΣգҲлȡ
лʦ֣
ҶӹͨѶ֮ڻؼʱá
ȽгǷ׷һöѡҶѡ棬оҲħȽ϶࣬ҶҪħ巨
ˮȽҲԷֿ֮ǰһȥˡ
վһ߷֮ϣҶܣһ޼ʵħսǰҶɳ֮أҲ֤Ҷ۷֮ء
ƣһ֮һķڷ
ҶɣֻҪħ壬޷赲ҶǰĲ
ܰǵңò˶ãһὫȫӻ
Ҷѹĵ׵ķŭһȫͷųʵΨʵɽվȽŸ
һСȺħ壬Ҷԥ绢Ⱥ޼ɵɱ

Ҷһʩչ˴ؿʼߵֻЩħﾭЩ׷׷Ӧ
ϲ֣֮
һö޴ӡˣֱһץʮͷħ屻Ҷץ飬Ϊ뵽֮С

ħ徫ѪҶ̹ħű书ʼתһħ޵Ĺ
ħܳΪҶĲƷǳǿҲ֪Ħ޴δġ
ɱȺħ֮Ҷ룬׼ȥħ
Ϊһߣ˼ʱ䣬ҶʧӰ١
ʱҶ㲻ȥͻƾ磬صסĵطй¶ԼϢ
һ·֮ϣħͳͳնɱƷħ壬Ҳ赲ҶĽŲ
ֵʩչһƷҲΪҶϣħԽԽֲˣò˶ãͻǬˡ
ԽڣħűԽԽ
һһҹʱ䣬Ҷ뵽ħﵽħӰҶС£ħҲԽԽࡣ
֮£Ҷֻܺƶˣһһҹʱ䣬ҶҲҪʱ
ҵһƧ֮أҶ㲼һ󷨣һ棬
ȻԶŲƺҲǳ߹ҶסεԼϵϢⱻǷ֡
˵ûУɽһҶ㣬ڷϣȻȡ˹ھʱ֮ڣ
һɳƵˣɽһЩϢʼĴħսһЩ˴Ϣ
Ҷ㣿
û
һˣҡҡͷɽʲôʱðһҶģûκϢ
ҲǴ֪ɽܶ˶ɱϵ츳Լķ⾳ǲ˹ŷ磬пܶ㵽ħս
ɳƵ˵ӷ֮ҶʧӰ٣ȥżӣûзҶټ
绳ɣҶǲǶħսϢй¶ȥǰȫ֮ء
ԽԽԶܿʧƬҶ𽥷ſԼʶüͷ塣
û뵽ԼôʹħսħսҲȫˣҪʵ
Ҷ㰵˵֪Լܣ϶᲻ϧһдۣЩ廹ţ׷׷նɱҶ㡣
յҶ㻭ʱֱţû뵽ҶǴǵƤˡ
㽫ϢǰҶ㣬϶һʱܷ֣֮ƣӶ츳
ϧһжˣҶѲ֪ӵˮʵָҪɱҶ㣬ǲס
ʦ֣ô죬Ҷ㣬նɱеĶԭⲻĴȥ
һСӿҲ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫҶȻƤˡ
Ψһİ취ˣƾˮһˣֵô˵Ϲ
¶֮ɫ׼ˣһַˮҶ㡣
Ȼһնɱ
һҶ㻹ڹˮǲǼˣѾ˵ˡ
ΪϢδȫɢܶ˻֪飬ħսǳĴҪˣǺס
Ͼ˸Ҷ㶼гֻһ˶ѡ
һˣɱҶüء
Ȼ֪ϢҶҪԼļƻˣڼ̵ʱ֮ڣ磬лΌƷƷɡ
λʦֻʦ֮Ҷ
ԵĿģС£װ磬Ⱪ©Լݣ㵽ϣҲҪȥȥҲҪݣһط
һʱ䣬ˮѾõϢԸȽгǣǶСģⱻ˰㡣
ħսԭֻһħսĵطȴһϢܶ಻ǵǰɱħ壬ѰҶ㡣
ؾڷٵǿϵĳˢҶԭҶҪʱͻƣƻҪǰˡ
ʶͨҵħ౦ĵطɱô࣬϶ռණ
ҪҵԼ϶һпͻƵƷɡ
ֻҪ˰ƷɣҶ㲻ڼɵκˣǾƷҲУ׵նɱ
һʱ䣬ҲĴܶͼħʲôıء
ɱܶ࣬ʰĴָȥˣۣħûħʸ߼ħ壬ۣħߵħ塣


1670 ̽Ϣ
ҹĵģ໹ħ壬Ϣ˿һڵӰӣۣħһ֮أϵѰʲô
ҲҶԪ֮һҶʲôǱȥʲôѾʼԼ˼άˡ
ǰۣħľס֮أƽʱħ忿϶ᱻץסҪĵĿ
˿̲伫ħֻ޼ħ壬ʳʱʱĻһЩ
ۣħľǺɭϣħɷǳ࣬ûԸعΪǽǿϡ
ħȼƶȷǳȷΪʽ߼ȻҪÿƷħͳһǧħ壬ǳĹƽ
ֻҪﵽ˾ƷħͿͳһǧħʿҪǴﵽһƷħʼͳһˡ
ħʼ൱ԽߣͳεҲԽ࣬ʼεı
Ҷ㱾徳񲻹ƷħҪͷϢܴﵽƷħҡ
ļħ֮УֻΣӴ߲㡣
ûˣʩչϢĽǰ潨֮С
ħǿٶǵ㡣
ͬѾˣ̳Ҷܶණ֮֮һֻ޷չʹ֮ˡ
ҪٶȣҲҶһǰһ֣޷߳
ºڷߣһֻ飬뵽˺ҹ֮Уϣҵۣħռı
һƫƧԺ棬ĲҽУƺ౻
һ£ס˺֮ģûпҶ㲻ʴ֮ˣҲǺ֮ˣԼޣȻǳڵ޷ǡ
ǴԺ棬˼ʮӣÿѺʮˣŮˣǽħսħץġ
ŮϹһ𣬱ǽ䣬ĺӼΪħϡ
һַǳ̵ֶΣ࣬Ҳ޷һЩ׼֮
ħ忴ƽ飬ñֲ߲˸ֲһﲻס
棬ÿĲͬʳȻҲͬΪܵ飬΢
੡
ħ˿ˣȫָڿԸħ͹ȥˡ
ǴԺӴһੵħһԲѵӣһȥ͸ħá
ʶӦһ£ϢƱѺҲ֮ã¾ȫɢֻʣ¾ѪѪˣóΪħʳ
ޱ飬ÿ춼ݣҶ㲻ǾĿӱ뷿֮С
ͷɢӱͽȥ֮ħ˳ߵԺӣﶺۣħľ
Ժ˲žֻʣ·洫ͷһŭҽС
ûʲô飬ĲҽУֻüͷ΢΢һ壬ҶԪӦ
ҶɱˣûмԻˣħ壬а塣
һܿվ˴棬͸һ϶һĻ
һߴħ壬˫˺ϵֱ࣬ۻı˺ڵϵӻûʹĲҽС
ߴħۣħһһֱֻۣڴڵĿѪ⣬ԵĽζͷˣǳĶġ
񾲾Ŀţһ˿һĴ⣬ۣħҪǱ֣϶֮ء
һʱֻʣһԴطۣħԵһ㲻ʣ඼⡣
ɾѾӨ͸ûκεʣǴ֮
һŽԴ߷ɳȥۣħ¶Цݣʮаһ˾ȥ飬ħ֮Уʱ޿̶ݡ
ɱħ壬ħʳֹ࣬
ۣ֮ħûֱϢվ˫Ŀעۣħÿһٶ
ͻȻۣħһǽȥΪʮּª෿䣬ڷŸּҾߡ
ۣħķ䣬˼ʯ֮⣬ǳļ򵥡
ߵǽǰ֮ҽźݺݵһʯ棬ֵˣʯھȻһΪһ޴ĶѨ
¶һĻߣۣħԼķ֮УһңѵɱЩıͷ
֤ܿʵˣղűԵӴָۣħֱӶ֮С
Ķħ岻ȤӵֿϧˣֻռԺõؽ磬ūԻ˵ħ己ܣΪħʳ
ʯڣԱ㣬ۣħʮڵϿʼ˯ħ塣
ܿ޴ı˳Ϣ˳ȥۣħڷ֮У϶޷ȥΨһİ취ۣħ뿪䣬лǱȥ
һʱۣħ뿪ԺӣҪȥôףܶǾѶȿ֪
ЩѲǷȱľһᣬһۣħ뿪ԺӵĻᣬЩƲٶȡ
֮УһϢҶ꺣֮УǵЦԽԽŨȻʶûиۣħķ䣬Ǿ޴ĶѨ棬϶Ŵණ
ڼˣ֪ɱ˶ˣЩԴӽ;ۣħһЩҲʣ²١
֮˳һҹʱҶоԼԽԽȹֻ̣ҪؾȫԼͻ֮ʱ
ڶ̤ɱ֮ãһ·֮ϣҶ㶼Ǽ򵥵ݣⱻ˲ԼݣǵԱһ̣ҶŻĿʾˡ
һֱαװ棬ⲻҶķ񣬺ж¾Ӧöء
ħҶ£ҲܵĴ̼Ҷħ壬һˣͱħĳԵˡ
ƷƷƷҶһŹȫ֮ķھħ֮С
һʱ䣬Ҷնɱǧͷħ壬ǳĿֲմȾħѪͬһħҶվɽ֮ϣ˫۳ɺ֮ɫ
濪ʼǧͷħ壬ѪзޱȵĿ񱩣ҪűҶ塣
⼸ڶħ壬Ѿħע⣬׷׵ߣڲ鿴˭һնɱôħ塣
һҶ㶼֪ˣͶһѨ棬ؾһ˿ͻƾڽ졣
ɫҲҶ˳зԼ¾˳Ҷıǻ뵽֮С
ǿ񱩵ĵһʱȼը
ֿɲϢϵ𣬴Ҷ棬γһɹǿǳű
ʼĵǳƤҶԲΣڲ̫ˣҪ֮ͻƾ磬ȻЩű塣
ͻưɣ
Ҷ˫ֿʼӡӡǳ֣Щ˵öŷ֮Ҷص͸
Ƿ벻һ֣Ǿǵ¶ԵΪġ


1671 Ʒ
ǴŴأݱ˵⡣
ͬˮ̣ĳҶ澭ϵسˢ壬Ĺֲ̫ˣֲҶ㶼Ϊ֮𾪡
˼ǧͷħ壬Ʒռ˺üͷƷħ٣ƷǧЩѻһ𣬿֪ˣѱű塣
Ҷоħ棬ͻȻͷųֱӳƿ˲ﵽƷɡ
ɫ
ͻ֮Ҷûֹͣ׼һͻƵƷ۷壬ĪԳһ磬Ҫȹ̾硣
ȻͻƷ֮ҶҪһʱ䣬ſԼͻһ磬ķѴԴʱ䡣
ɫӵľˮҶ㶼ҪЩͳͳ뵽档
ΪҶΧƺҪƬء
ƷһͷųƷɼ¶֮ɫ
žŹһһ𣬷һ֮
ʱ壬ͻȻһ̧ͷǿգʥͻȻζ·ھѡ
Ȼʥ
岢ϡ棬ʥѳʥѪһʥߣͳǧ
صҶһ̣Ҷľ糹ȹһöɫʧһɶ˼ǧħ徫ȫһա
洫ȵϢҶҪŭÿһξ磬ǳɱǺü
һƷΪƷĵƷΪƷߵƷΪƷֻҪƷҶƷ֮С
ȭͷһ󣬿ռֱӱҶ󱬣ֿ񱩵ѨֱɣҶ㱩©档
ҶͻѾ˸˵ע⣬ħҲڿ﷢ʲô顣
ͻȻӰҶǰղһ֮⣬һ
˵һʱϵҶ֮󣬸¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬Ȼ㣬ǵȫѹ򣡡
ǺˣҶĻʹħս죬ɽŷ׷ӿħսдľҶ㻭
ΪͻƣϢ޷ȻҶˣҲڵסԼϢƾϢж˭
Ҫɱң
Ҷ˵Է˲ƷɣҪɱԼֱǿЦ֮
ûɱ㣬ͿӶ츳
л´ζЦݣҶŹȥһʱ䣬ͻ˾磬ֱǲ˼顣
ûˣ
Ҷͻ֮ҪйֱֱѰ·
ͻƣϢȣһ֣ɱڹϷ츳
лһȣһ֣ΪҶͻ֮Ϣ϶
ⲻ֪Ҷ㲻ǳǿʢҪйй
˲ɷ˵һʩչԵĵ⣬һҶ֣ҲޱȣϾƷɡ
úã
Ҷ㲻˷峤ֱ룬ֱӳ˵ǰ

ҶһֱһӵĲϣޱȣﵽƷɣҶٶȼ޵С
꣡
һӻҸ֮󣬾ͱҶ˽ԴһᣬҶ
ʣ˴һϾûиҶ㽻֣֪ҶԽսڷᣬҶҲƾ츳Ӯˣϣҿá
˭֪츳ǿֲԽսǳɡ
дӡ
ٴһһö޴ӡ֣һҽͱһ徫Ҷյһɶ
лŵûɢȾܣ˿ֲɱַûзĻᣬͱѹ
ֲ̫ˣϢһҪɢȥл±ţҪϸǰһɱҶ㡣
ϲ֣֮
Ҷܸᣬվԭûһö޴Ƴˣץ£лµͻȻͣڰУҶһץס
ҪɱңҪɱң
л²ϵģϣҶһ
꣡
ϲ֮ͻȻȭͷ״лµҲˣҶգھħ֮С
ˬӵĸо
ҶִǲǿԸһϸˡ
Ҳֻ룬ܱͻȻͷԣѵ˸컻صľ磬Ŀһ·򣬾ܽʱգɾȫ޷⡣
ܵ˴ʱյĳ̶ȣռ⵽˽Ҳһȭ򱬿ռ䣬ýʧ
ɱ֮Ҷûκθ֮ɫƷɣֻһɣҶĿΨЦɽ硣
ԶħҲҶصֶΣ׷ײҿҲرҶֿɲɱַ
ǲ֣Ҷ㲻֣Ҷļƻûɣɱ¾ȥ
ʱһȥħսһǾһɱˣһʱ䣬ɱǧͷħ壬ھۣħ
ϣۣħԴӣ׼նɱɲࡣ
һСϪߣҶյϢ֮¶һߣƻڳɹˡ
ҶɱħĿģۣħסˣ뿪ԼԺӣлȥȡ
һһҶþ֭뵽ǰ취İ취òпֶΣۣħ뿪Լѡ
ۣħҶ᲻ϵɱȥֻҪ߼ħûΣա
ͷħ壬ۣħ̲סˣ뿪ԼĸֱۡҶ߶Ҷè׽Ϸÿɱ֮󣬾ͣϵĸıս
Ϊ˾סۣħ㹻ʱ䣬ȥȡ
ħʣҶüβۣħİΧ֮УҺ֮ѿһУۣħδֵʱҶ֮زز
üζǸԽҶԽ˷ܣʱ̱ڸ߶Ƚŵ״̬
ۣħۡһɫӰӳ֣ϢĻԺ棬ʩչ˾ۣħķ䡣
Ϊʯͷѻɵķӣûţ׵Ľ뷿䣬ľһûз֣ں˯
ħϰԾǳ˯˯˳ԣ˯Լ壬ϵ
뷿䣬һȳζкüͷ­һԣѸɿݣ֮ǰûбۣĿЩ˶ۣħʳ
ۣħվŵĵطҽźݺݵһʯʣǰǽڿʼǵԶѿһ϶
һ׶ķ϶֮ûֱͣ϶֮У뷿֮еĶѨ׼ѹα
һɳʪ֮ӭһĵңǺֻܴмʮƽС˸ֶ
ⴢָռǧǳĿֲиӴĲϣ߰İڷڵϡ
ҩɿˣ˷ĩ¶ʹ֮ɫôõĶọ̈̄ˡ
ЩָãϣдĲϣܽħսʵͣϿ϶ŴԴ
ǧöָЩһӣĶ׷׷ԼĴָ棬鿴
ͻȻһöɺɫʯͷע⣬еĶɺɫʯͷסˡ


1672 
űرûκεԥȫ֮ȡ
ܿһöɺɫʯͷע⣬ȡЩ·԰ΣҶԪ޷ٿء
ƷѪ
ҶǰõѪǵͼѪĸ߼Ѫǳϡ١
öѪ̲֮סˣ˵ʳı
һöȭͷСѪϸĲ˲ԽѪɢĺɫâԽʢһѪһϵ䶯
СĽѪʶһɨֻһöѪǲģѰҡ
ЩͨϣֱӶˣǧöָѾѹһա
䣡
ͻȻһȭҲǽϣ¡һһ޴ĶѨ澹Ȼж졣
һѪڷԭأ䣬мʮöƷħ
һɢŨϢӦƷѪӶƷѪۣħΪβЯǲأ
Ϊÿÿ¶ҪϽѪΪϼֻܲԼߣܱ˷֣˭֪ˡ
ѪʮУһǽڣҲ׵ҵ
һѪߣЩɶۣħղ꣬ŻôѪԼԼõġ
ôƷѪƷѪƷɾһѪγɣҪɾ౶ҲǴ
ʰ֮󣬽ʯݵĶٴϴһѸ뿪˵أղŻǽڣ澯ע⡣
ʧһɲǣľٸϽۣħ䱻ϴһգ
ʱħսҶѾ׷޴Ǳ׷ɱҶδ֪Ǳۣħټ
Ǻܿ죬һϢݵۣħĶԺŻˣ뿪ãԺ˽ȥˣȡеԴ
ۣħ׷ŭˣ˶Ҷ׷ɱ۷ȥϧ뿪䣬ããħս
Ϊ±˵ħɱһֱСֱӶܣ
ҶѸٸϣһ˿һĵɱˣеŬ֮
ħսȻܴ󣬵ҲǳĶ࣬뿪䲻ã뿪ħ飬һ˸Ҷ֮ء
˾ԶҪС·̣Ҷʩչʹ֮ϻһֱߣֱʧʡ
ΪҶоڳ񿿽ֻһˣҪնɱٶȺܿ죬ⲻħٶȣע⡣
ͷħǳĹŹ֣׷ȥ
ԶӰ׷׷񣬷ǳĿ죬Ҳ˫һľ룬Ҫ׷ϣҪһʱ䡣
ԽԽòħôӵ˿ٶȣѵװĲɣ
Ϣħ壬װ磬޷ģħϢ
˺ܿ˾룬һǰƷɣٶ죬һʱ׷ĽŲ֮¡
γһΧȦм䡣
˰Χ񲻻Ųæɱ׼ӭսֻҪҶˡ
ҶͻƵƷ֮óһöѪ̷ȥϱһǿϢǳĿֲ
ʽ
һˣΪǿȻռһƣѹһᡣ
߱ʽޱȣҲû뵽ССħ徹Ȼõ伫ǾòѰеҪɱҪô¡
ϧ߱ʽޱȣѹ޷ֻѡζܿʩչ˴ʽ˷׷ɫ䣬һһ
ʦ֣ͷħ岻ͬѰôᶮǿĵ塣
һӴɻ֮ɫµĽʵ
һħ໿ôż뿪϶ʲôɸ˵ܣɱˣȻˡ
ϵ̵ˣһħս׼ɱħ壬ԼͻƵɾƷﵽĵز
пܣ
ѱħ壬˾򵥣ǶãǿĲٿħˡ
˷׷¶̰֮ɫҪѧᣬǿԲٿħɨħ硣
һսƺϤսַǿľƾˣ޷סĽŲ
ܿ뵽Σڽǿ֮£һЩطʼܵ˺ֵУ͸˿˿Ѫ
óһöѪ̷Щ˿ںܿϣս˲ָƱһ
Ѫʱ޿̵ĹӦħݽߣħ򽻽ӣħǹʺս
ս£Ѿǳߣ׷׼ǿ伫һ
ııģ
ǿĺܴ֮⣬и˳߿Ҫʲô顣
֮ϵҶ㣬֮ʩչ˼£ΪһǣѾӰӡ
뵽˾һʩչɱﵣ˵ģһЩ˿ѪעѪӿ
Ҫ֧Ҷ¶ɱɱ¾֮˳ȥ˱˳ȥѹǣϾٶȸһЩ
̣
ռͻȻһǿҵ𵴣һö޴ıˣ£ɱ¾֮һɨֵһιڳ˻ᡣ
ͻȻֵĸɱ¾֮˴һиָϵˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ˵ϣһϢ֮Уǹɳɱй
λֵܣ˻һ󵽣ͷħȿϵģ㲻Ҫһš
ΪҶҲħ壬ᣬƾղҶչ¶Ϣһݽɫ
ҿϵĶκ˶õ
ҶûгԼķȻãҲý͡
Сӣǽʦֺúø˵ǸӣȻ㲻ʶôݹǼˡ
ҶˣǼҶҲֻҪһսҶϢ©϶֪Ҷʵˡ
Ǿֵ¼£
ҶÆ£иǰʱ鷳ֱȳˣüһԼʵ
ۣħ׷ɱһ磬ҶͱˣÿԷйһ
ҪԼĻ㼰ʱֻʣһʬˣϻõıᱻѹһա
Ҷ㣡
ȻҶϢһ©˲ڷ֮УǸ֪ҶϢʮϤ
ǻ
Ҷûԥ֣֮ơ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱ㣬û뵽ˣҲ
ʮֿģɱҶ㣬һöƷҩһǧǳĸߡ
һҶ츳ǳĸߣץȥоһ϶ϵһ
ڶҶ츳ɫҪҵԭ򣬿ǱҲһݾ
ۺϸԭ򣬷ûԸҶȥҪɱץȥо
ҪɱңƾǼǿЦ֮
ҶȻǼǷҶĿǰľ磬ȷдš
۴У׷׳Ҷսһ


1673 ɨ
ҶһˣȻѹûл֮ôܣҽǰƷɣҶǰԵСĿ

ҶһʩչһεˣûйȴӰÿһ˵񾭡
˱ޱϲ·ǵ񾭱˰һ㣬ӦҲٶһЩ֮նǵ˼ά

аƷڳϻиӿҶҪսپȽǣڴ뿪Ī˵
ߵ޹⣬Ťᣬ˽ܺһЩǺ˾һ嶼޷վֱ
ɱ¾
ֵʩչͬһֱӹᴩǵ壬֮ǰô£Ҷ
ɫ䣬뵽ҶȻ˿ֲƷɶԿ⡣
ͫȱ
ҪԼĵɱһЩѶȣ֮ǰԵСĿʶһɢ
дӡ
ڽʧһ˲䣬дӡֱһ⽴򶼱Ҷһɶ
˶̶̼ʱ䣬ҶսһһУǿĵ⣬Ԫڷٵġ
ߣ
񣬽Ҷ棬϶Ϊһʹ֮ʧʡ
Ҷ߼ʱ䣬Զʮͬʱ֣оƷɵӰӣһ١
ҲҶΪοٽսԭһƷɣ϶ѱǼʦķ⻯
öҶŶԸõģɾϣֱûʦ÷⻯ȻԸɾǶˡ
ҶϢ
Ϲһ۾͸ܵˣΪϹҲˣҶϢ
磬Ҷ㲻򵥣һҪɱ
Ϲһ֮ɫڷᣬһζûõֱϹĳ衣
ֻҪħսܲˣ
Ϲ㿡ף¶һ˿֮ɫ֪˿ʲô
̶̼ʱ䣬۵ĶҶ㣬֪ΪʲôһЩҶûнˣ׷׿ʼע
Ҷʲôܣע⣬ѵΪϵ츳
̤ħսһ츳һȣôΪһ츳ɱˡ
ֻм֪ʱ˻Ҷȴ˲ʱҶԪ񳬳ˣҪǽ֮գǿԳԽۡ
ĹŷʣԣҶ϶пܵõͣܲ⡣
һϵеһڼԶﴫԭҶûɱˣ׷׼Ҫһ
ħսĴţһٮٮߣϣħսͻƵ
ܵϢȻаƷϹüͷһ壬ЩţҶ㲻ƷɣôնɱƷ
ֹϹһ˷֣Ҳˣ¶˼֮ɫղֻҶһˣûڳ
ˮڣԽ͵ͨˮڣֻҶһˣ̫ˡ
ѵҶͻƵ˰Ʒɣ
ϹҶʱͻҲǲܣ̶һ£ٴ
ܣǰЩҿƷɡ
徻ɵ˵ڶˮȵʱۿˮˣʱʶҶ㣬ֻɨһۣʱҶƷɣŹȥʱ䡣
ûпܣСӺܹ죬ɽ绹һʱ䣬һƷɵƷɣѾˢɽм¼
Ժһ˵ǿգҲǿĸ磬֪ԼĵܵˣʮҲɱԼܵܵ֡
Ҫ²ˣҵһжˡ
Ϲ˵һ䣬棬ڲҶټܿŵħζ
ղͷħ壬ղ׷ʱͷħ岢δ뿪ȥˣ
Ϲϸ緢ܿ췢鲻ͷ
ͻȻ￩һ£ﲻ
ħ壬ѵǵȡĪǸħ壬ԭҶһġ
һС£ܷܶ飬ҶϾĲ޷죬һЩ˿Բѯ
Ҷľֲ̫ˣĪ
ʮа˾ͷħҶһ壬ħĪǵߣһʼǾʹˣסҶ㣬ȻҲסĪ
Ϲ¶Ũɱֻ׷ȴ֪ڲٿء
һʼ֪ͲתһôȦӣھ֪ҲѾˣĪ϶Ҷ
ˣҶôģԲٿħ塣
ݺݵĻһȭͷǶҶˣˣĪһôȦǻصҶ
ֻǲ²⣬һ׼ȷҵ˵
²²⣬ûʲôݣһеҵҶ㣬Ȼˡ
һмʮˣٵ뿪˵أ˳ҶϢ׷ȥ
Ҷ֮ϣʱ䣬ҵһͻȻ˽ȥʧһеϢȫˡ
ΪҶ֮Уµģˮ棬沨뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ档
ȵϹ׷ӱߵʱʧȥҶϢǳʧһ֡
ֻҪҶ㻹Ǳˮףܽҵˮ赲ҶϢ˾ƷɣʶԴף׵ҵҶ֮ء
ϧҶѾʮ֮⣬˳ˮʧӰ١
֮УȻȻˣƬռ仹ڣ׵ӡ
ʮöѪƵõƣָļ죬Ϣǿ󣬱Ͼ̷һöƷѪ
ûżĪͻƲãҶҪȹһ£֮УҶԸıʱ䷨һ죬һ£Ҷ㹮̾ˡ
ڵֶΣܸıһ·ǳޣƿԸıһ죬ʮꡣ
ۣħԴüǧöָϴǧ֪ŶԴ
һָ򿪣ɾϣȵȣʤҶ۾ˡ
ܶϲʶֻܵԺȽɾһ飬㼸ʮöҶǶЦˣôɾþɽׯٴһȼ
ø߼󷨣ҲԹõԴӦճɳ
ƷɾʮöƷɾǧƷɾʮ򣬼Ʒö
ɾһҶҲ𾪵ˣһμʶôɾƵһСͿ˰ɡ
ϸʤ󲿷ֶĲϣƻĲҲв٣ǧöҪǷȥһԴ
ϡеҩмǧ꣬һҶͻһ磬ôҩһ̷ȥһöĪ
ϧûµıϵĶ࣬Ʒ׾ֻһЩɾ֮Ķ
ףʲô
һöֵҶע⣬Ϊ滹еĻʮ֣͸һɹӵϢʮֹϡ
ЩȱּǺ˻֮⣬ĸо
һȵĻ˳ҪռҶǳĿֲ


1674 ʥ
ͻȻ֮䣬һǿĻֱҶ棬ʼҶĻ꺣ȻҪռȵҶ塣
˵ֱһ㣬ǶҶ㵱һ¯ռҶ壬Ҷ꣬Ϊµˡ
੣벻꣬ڿҵһʵ¯
һ޼ɵҶ꺣֮Ҷ꺣֮УһڵӰǳĸߴ󣬻Ҳǿ¾ĥҲҶĻǿ
˭
ҶԪˣӰһǳҶû·
СӣҲ޷ǰԪʣȻˣǱһԪ񣬾ǵȺʵ¯ͿԶ
Ҳǳ̫꣬û˵ҲûҶ㣬ΪҶˡ
ǿߣҶһݣǸ߸ϣ۵ĴڣȻҲ䡣
Сӣ֪ҵˣ
ԪԪͻȻſҪɵҶԪ񣬲Լ
ȥһ꣬һԪֻʣһ㣬ȻռҶ塣
Ҫռҵ壬ô򵥣ɵԪ񣬲ԼĻ
Ҷ㲻˷ΣͷܺˣһԪ񱻶ᣬ϶
ǿĻӻ꺣֮ͷųҶԪѽȣҶ㲻õģһŻԴԴϵ֧Լ
ԪֻʣһƲл꣬ҶǺҲҪκεĻᡣ
Ե֣ԪԽԽľҶĻȻǿȻԪ֮һҲһССܿ⡣
СӣĻô֧ôã
ԪЩĻˣԪһһ֣ҪһԵҶ㡣
Ҷ㲻ͬΪӪԪκεĻᣬŻ֧֣ӣõģԪ
ߣһҲҪҵĻǣ㳹
ΣҶһ죬Ҳ̤ƽ磬Լĸĸ˶
㳢ʵ־
ԪƵ˾Ҷ꺣ܣӿŻΧм䣬޷ʵľ磬ûпҶ꺣֮УôŻ
Ǻܿ죬ӿֲˣö֣˸Ҷ󣬽
֮ӣ
ʴһһ֮ɫȫˣҶ꺣֮УȻöҲգۼĹɢĹԣֱӽԪһƲлɵˡ
ԪԪ񲻼ˣһЩȱļ͸Ҷ㣬ȱȫϾֻʣһƲл꣬ǰļʧ߰˰ˡ
ҶȻЩ£Ӿħ֮Ҷ׼ӸղŵϾܸӦػԼ
֮ӣ
ʲô
ҶһͷˮϧԪˣ޷ô£ļ֮УһЩĶ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
ûᣬԺ취Լʧȥ˻öøӹӣҶ
ʶ֮УʱɫֽҶ꺣֮УЩʮֹϣǲҶʶ
˫ۣҶϸϸĻζЩֵİ壬һյʱ䣬ҶŻ˫Ŀ
ʥ
Ҷ棬Ȼ¼ǧ֮һĴʥ
ѹְԪǽʥάԼĻǣʱ壬ϧԼ
ҶˣԪֻʣһƲлֻ꣬ҪһɢΨһİ취ҵʥ֮󣬿޸ԼԪ
Ϊûб壬ʥҲֻάֻǲ޸ȫʢ״̬
ȻЩߣԺ˽֣õˡ
ҶЦһǧǰԼ˺ܶ࣬ʥǺܿǰҪĿơ
ֻʣһдʥƣǳǿ󣬸Ҷ廹ͬ
óɱ¾֮ԼұϺݺݵĻһ£ѪӿҶûóҩҲûмʱʩչ˴ʥ
ֱһɨһɵĹԳˣҶֱϣޱֵҶǰֱϵ˿ڼϣԭѪҲõ޸
ȵ˿֮󣬿һ˿ۼҪҶõҩ޸ϺüҸû⵽һ˿һƻ
Ҫõҩ޸϶˺һּһоܶϸڲӰ
ȥЩϸСĶͻӰ콫ľ磬
ȻǺö
ԭΪһߣҲһǴٴʩչԽҶȫ֣ܿڲҧһ
Щ˹ĵطʼһϣıԭе̬ҶΪԼ޿ɱˣû뵽ġ
úúãԺʮͲõˣʡȥԴӦ
ҶЦ˴ʥǸӲпõ⣬Ҳõǻ
һʱ䣬ʥϤϾ۷ܿо衣
ǧ̫ˣҶ˰죬ҲҲһ֣Ƹʮֽϣ׼µ׵Ĵǧȥ
еԴ֮ЩҩҶһ𣬵ȻȥʱƵҩҪ̷ֱҩǿһٱڣƼö߼ҩӦòѣͻпܡ
ʱһȥת֮жȹʮ죬Ʒ糹ȹ׼ĪͻƵƷɡ
ʱħսѾһţҷ׷ѰҶټƫƫҶʧˣۣħ䣬ѾѰҵ䣬ǲҶټ
ˮȽˣѾۼһ𣬶С£ⱻץѱ׷ݸ·
ڼۣħˣԴ飬˾ɱףħʣɾƷնɱ١
ħսǳĻңħʳ֣ͲѰˣ֣ȻûֵܵħʵĹ
֮ˣֹۣħɱȥΪƽ⡣
ʦ֣Сʦܸȫʧˣ˵õʱ䣬ⶼȥʮˣûϢ
ЩҶ㣬⼸ʱһֱԼȷʵɳ˲١
õģСʦܲµġ
ˮҲüͷ΢壬ʮȥˣҶѶ
ô׷ɱ᲻ᡭ
Ƚһ֮ɫСʦԲʶ죬˺顣
ᣬʦ϶ʲôֶΣ׵
ˮҡҡͷҪôˣǾǲǵСʦܣʦһǰ϶׼
Ǹô죬һֱزҲǰ취
Щһֱأܶ˶ҪץǣвҶ㡣
뿪˵ҵһȫ֮أҷһطûǰȥѾʦˣյϢҲ
ˮҵһȫ֮أ֮㡣
ħս˶ѰҶ㣬ϧҶ˼һ㣬ǲӰӣǰ¹ȥˣûҶϢ
ģ᲻뿪ħս
ɧ׷˿һˣҶʧһɶ
ʱҶ㣬ȴе֮У׵ĳˢһ죬һ¡
ȥһ£涼ȥüˡ


1675 Ҷ
üʱ䣬Ҷ㳹ȹ˾磬ҲĪɹﵽƷɣҶ㣬ѲǵҶˡ
ɢŨŨİϢǳȣ˴ﵽ⣬ɢһǿҵš
ЩͼҩҶƳɵҩ⼸ʱ䣬һֱŵҩʱ޿̶ϵôʥƣһ˿˿ĺۼˡ
ɢӨ͸ı⣬һЩ˺۳ʧޱ̹
Ʒ۷壬ȫԸȫԲɱƷɣҶ
ȥһˣʦּƵȼˣ
ԭ֮ڣΪԼݱ©ȥˣı˼ƻһǰ϶ᱻܶ˰Χ
ҶĪҲҳȥһͻƣĪϢй¶ɱ֮ʦֹƶỳԼ
ĳĪϢ裬֪ˡ
࣬صˮ֮ϣóͼԱһ£ӦƫۣħĲˣӦ档
ӶҶҲ֪˶Զľ룬ƸϻȥҲҪ·̡
ܿ컳ͨѶϢʦּںȵΪʮΣȻѨײ
Ϊܶ׷ɱҶ㣬ŭйŵϣˮȻͳΪ׷ɱĶ
ŵвҶ㣬ͬΪҶʦ֡
ûжҶֱȣȥһˣƶַ죬ڷôˣ֪Լħս϶᲻һдնɱԼ
Ҷµľʦʦ㼸ˣԼνĹʹ򣬴򲻹ܡ
Ʒ۷壬ٶϳƷɣ֮ϣֻƿӰ
һ֮ҶڿȵӰӣҶԼЩ
ȳƽ˵֮Խкȣ϶󣬿һֻûУֻˮ֡
ʦѵʲôΣղɣ
ҶͨͨѶϵϢȥ֮ʯ󺣣ʦʦ㶼ûлϢ
֪ôˣǼڲںȡ
ˮҶԣǶʮ֮ǰˣʮ죬ܷ̫ˡ
СĽȣʻħսĳʵǺ
ΪشħˣħǺŨˮԴḻԶһͱڣͱ֮ϣٸѨ໥ؽȥѱҵ
ѨҶ㲻ܰȥѰңֱۣ֮͸ǽڣֱ͸ͱ
ͱ֮УݺύѨһ໥й
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһһ޴Ѩ棬һȺڶԳ֣һȺˣˮˡ
ˮµͷڹ꣬ҵˡ
ڵ˵ǵЦԽԽŨ˰£ҵˮˡ
ŸڽˮˮΪҪͱˡ
һν˹ɽׯˣ˫һŵһ࣬Ʒɡ
ƷҲˣʵԺɨˮˡ
ȽгѾˣÿ춼Ƕأֻ׷ɱ֮һкܶˣץǣҶ㡣
Ҫ־͹ҶǸС֣õôõ츳ɱЩǵˡ
˿Լ׽ˮǶԸҶ㡣
ҶʦܸǸԩ޳𣬾Ϊһ翵ĶȻ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ϊܵó𡣡
ˮ쿴ˣȻҪսҲҪսĺҡ
˾ΧһȦӣƷɣĿˮˣȽгǣԽ׽
Ÿʲôһ֣ǻ׽ԱĻᡣ
һȣһ֣ǿѹ֮ˮ˷ĻᶼûУ˵Աˣֻܻűϣܷȥ
˿ǵЦԽԽŨ·ױȵ츳ҪԼһ㡣
ʦ֣ߣҪڹˡ
ȽгǷ׷ˮȥҪǣˮ϶еƣҪӦòѡ
ˮԼʦֵܣսҲԸСˡ
ʦֵˣͷ㣬ôһ˹뿪
ˮԴǵ˵Ƚгʮܸж
ԶڶѨ棬һ
ʦ˵ûͬ㣬иͬͬôܹ
Ѩ棬һ˹ˮɫһ䣬ȻҶ
ʦܿߣҪ
ˮһҶϽȥ
ϧѾˣҶ˵֮Уһ㶣ܿЦǵȫѹ
Ҷ㣬ҵĺÿ࣬û뵽Լˡ
Ц޼ɵһɫ£ܿ˶סҶȥ·
ⲻ֪ҶȻˣѹû뿪˭ҪɱԼҪۡ
ʦܣ㲻ģ
Ҷ㣬ˮȽ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ΪңΧһַ
ҶͻȻɢϢƷɵľ˲䱩©
ˮȽ˷׷һ㶣һʱ䣬ҶȻͻƵƷɣҲ̫˼ˡ
𾪵ĻǳǣƷħսȥһˣƷɣҶħսһ£ͻƵƷ
Ҫ֪Ҷʵ֮УѾȹȥ˺üʱ䣬㹻ĵ̣ǾͲôˡ
Ҳ¶֮ɫܿϲ⣬Ҷ츳ԽߣԽˣɱ֮󣬲Է
Ҷ㣬ԹԵĸ߰ɣһῼһ
ڵĵʱ򷢻ˣҪҶ뿪
һ
ҶЦһۣɱͻȻ
˭Ҳ뿪
Ҷ㻰һ䣬һˣ׼ǼƷɣһˡ

ͻȻߵ˶ӦҶ㻯Ϊһֱӳ˳ȥдӡиɱ¾
һʩչ˻֪ô£ȫʧһɶղŻվԭأȵһָߵʱȴˡ
˼꣬Ҷĵֹһȫɼεٶƾдӡһ֣ܸʮķΧ
ôǿĵһʩչȰ벽ҡ
ʥ
Ҷٴһ֣ŹԳˣˮˣٴչֳϵԼٶȻָ
ǰƣõ˻ֱָδţҶֶΣѾ𾪵޷ˡ
𾪵ˣΪƺƣһЩǱڵΣȽгǷ׷ͻƾ磬һﵽ˾Ʒһﵽ˰Ʒ
ˮȻδͻƵ磬ʵҲ΢΢˲٣Ͼһ󾳽磬ôͻơ
ʣˣɵˡ
ʣƷɽׯʣһˣʵ࣬Ըˮһ˵Ȼѹ
ڲͬˣȽҲͻƵ˾ƷҪնɱˮôˡ
ͻƼһɲʱɣΪ˿̴еǰݲù̾磬ǳ̫ãܵ㹻ˡ


1676 սƷ
Ƚгǵͻƣˮһ˫ʵվͬһϣȻУԱ㹻ˡ
ҸղҶȻ֣նɱԷˣãѾЩɵˡ
ϢϽ֣ԥȥ
ֻ֪һΣûõĻˡ
ڵĵӻйɽׯĵ໥һۣ׷׳ˮһ֡
ʦ֣Ҿˣ˽ǣʦִЭ
ҶԸһ䣬ȳֱ֪ףҪֽɱ
ʦܣСģ
ˮ֪ҶѾһǰǸҶˣʵ˷츲صı仯Ҳһʱ䣬նɱƷɡ
ʦַİɣɱһ򵥣
Ҷʵͻ֮һֱҪҾƷԼǰһûᣬô˻ᣬúõĥԼĵ⡣
ɱ¾֮һɨԴˣγ֣ҶһƵӣԴѾ˷豹ĵز䲻ڵĳ̶ȡ
γ֣Ҷʱ̱ͬһ״̬״̬ʮܣιҶǰһεϡ
ǱԴ֮뼺ԿأοһССࡣ
Ҷסˮһڷȫ֣ڵĵս൱ܿˮռϷ硣
ϾˮƾƷ֣츳ǳĸߣһľƷܱ⡣
ȽȻͻƣԵ似ҲһּĥϹɽׯĵӣȻ֮ܽܣάֻԡ
ϣɱڶѨ治ϵ죬һʯⶴѨɼӲǿʯ϶ɣԽ֮նѡ
ԽսԽ£Ҷ֮⣬һ嵭Ʈ⾳ƮݣСĿռ棬Ҳܷ磬ҧгݡ
Ҷ㣬ʲô£б½һƣ
ϣȻҶ֣һҶĴԴǽƵûƢ
кβɣ
Ҷ֮̽󣬾òˣƷҲˣֻǱԼԪԸôһ㣬ҪǾһ𱬷ԿԺɨһƷ硣
Ҷ𳤽ʩչԴ¶һ̵Ļߣ׼һƽҶС
һǿϢͷųѨͻȻһΣó۷ʵһö޴ӡҶֶ¡
ƣ
ĳһԻأݱ
֮Уһǿĺ裬Ӵ󣬶ϲûΣһԳ룬Ϊεһ̣һԳͱһơ
һƣ涼һΪֺ֪ôǿ
Ǵݱϧʮ֮һϾģµ裬֮
дӡӳ֣
ҶƷֻдӡڼӳ֮һ֮˲䱬ȥϷɳʯһСʯ
ֽȻͬͻȻһ𣬶Ѩܲסʼ
һ䣬Ҷ㲻˷ֱӳ˳ȥǿָɽͻȻץס˺ơ
䣡
һ˲䣬ײһ𣬽޾ĳˮˣƷɳȥֵס˵Ľˡ
ڳǻȽˣֱӱƷɳȥȫһȼͬǾƷȻô࣬ҶƷɡ
ııģ
һǿı˲ǿѹʯϳķ״Բӣʮ롣
ȵƽϢһ̣˶˫ۣһ֮ɫȻҶ˳ȥ˿ɫҰףѪ֡
Ҷ㣬һȻģϢ·һɲ⣬֪Ҷĵ
ҶռݾԵϷ磬ˮһ׷óƣʣ˽սһ
ǿѪȣҲ󣬸Ƚһ𣬶ԸɽׯӣʮĬҲռϷ硣
ɫ࣬þƷɣȻһƷɣҪǴȥǶˡ
ƷҲˣ
Ҷٴγ֣ˣҶҪԼı£׵նɱƷɡ
أ˴ңУ޷԰ΣĹߵˣ޷޵Ĺ
ҪҶƷɣʩչ϶޷ͬﵽƷɣ֮ϡ
صĲٿأԷ򣬶⣬֮ϡ
и
ٴһ䣬и澡չ¶֧׾ϵܣ޼᲻ݵи֮һЩط˺ۡ
ǿĵǰһжԵͽͣҲ˼شҶļֵȣȫһϡ
ԽսԽҶԽսԽͣʵչֳҲ¼ʦ֪
ԽԽǿиγ״̬ͱڿʼʮһ
ʦ̫ǿˣһ£Ȼ˿ɲĳ̶ȣʦҲûɣ
ıҶ̼ˣʦǾ֮ˣʮ֮ǰʹﵽ𣬿Ҷ츳Ʋܴ꣬ﵽڡ
ѹʦһǰʦ֪ħսʦĺõطһζıӻ
Ƚ֪ʦ˼ħսҶ㣬ճɳ
ٹ£ǼʦֶҪ˦ˡ
ûһ˿֮ɫΪҶˣʦ츳ѣЩʦҲմ⡣
˵ĹҶ̤˻ģÿһȭ׵ĻӳȴˣԪϣ߲һȼ
ֵַʩչÿҪͱҶѹ˻ȥҶǾƷɣƷɡ
ˮϱ𽥷񣬸һ˽սһ
ղˮֳһʶעҶ㣬ԷҶΣգ˿̵ȫܹ⵽ġ
ѹ
ҶͻȻ˰˱⼸ʱ䣬Ҷ֮н뵽ɱ¾֮УߵĵȼѾӽĳ̶ȡ
һǾҶڵˮ׼ȻƲǴﵽ
ҶԲϵĴĥϵո־һ̣϶һĻܱ⡣
۷弶൱ھƷ۷壬ƾѹһ岻һܲסѹȡ
һɢͷ֮ϣʱ¶ʧı飬ӿʼ޷ܣ޷⣬ٵ׾·һõı仯
Ҷ֣·ãӶҶһУˡ
ʼҶ㽻֮󣬺ܿ䵽ּ£ЩԽܡ
̶һ£һжˣҶʵˣǵʵˣɽԭͳ˸ֲȷ
ƷѹƷԹûйֻ̫ϡ٣ϡٵΪһִ˵
Լϵʱ򣬲֪ⲻǴ˵֮䣬֮ˡ


1677 ƶƻ
Ψ֪ҶĿ£Ȼ޷⣬ֳ֮
·Ҷһһ֮ĵ֮ǿķ
ȻҲȻڲ֮֮ΪԼãȻҲΥ͸С
ҶϣһжôȻ죬ǵأؾĸĸһ㡣
ֵһ̣¶֮ɫַԵĳ
һѹ£ԽԽܲסֱص

ҶٴʩѹǿˣҲһѹ֮ѹԭأ޷ɫǳɫ
Ҷһ˹ȥй٣ʱ̡
ĺĶͷϵĸоһ㿿ʼϳһ˿ɫ
û뵽þƷᱻһƷѹɣ
Ҷŷ̵Ŀƺڳ֮У¶˿˿⡣
Լļʱʦּ˶Ҫһ֮䡣
Ҷ㣬Сħ㵨ɱңҸ㣬ǽڿɲǺǵģҪǵ֪ӻţҲὫնɱ
Ъ˹׵أȻҶþƷлĴڡ
ڤ粻飬ͷӲΪһںв𣿡
ҶЦ˵һڣȻȫҶҲϧҪɱԼҪʱ׼Լŭ
ҶβɫԽԽѿħս׼ͻġ
ɱ¾֮ƯĲӱԵ̱ˣһֱ̯࣬һƨ˵ϡ
Ҷ㣬ҶүҶ磬ŹҰɣҷģԺһڴ⡣
ˣǰһжԵô԰
þƷһƷ뿪Ҳһˡ
һжˮ˿Ǵζƿָӵͷ
֪˷ܣǱԵһ̺ޱֳ
ΪһŹ𣿡
ǶҶɱһ̣ע˽յĽ֣
ɱ¾֮ĲӣѪӿ򶼱ҶһɶֻʣһųƤҡ
˶û뵽ҶУ˵ɱɱκοǵĻᣬˡ
ʣɫ䣬׼ߣҶ㶼ɱƷڻˮȽˣѰ·
ɷ˵˻˶֮󣬷׷׳Ѩȥ
Ȼ׵뿪ˮҲɫղŲ㱻ɱﻹһ
ͻȻһǿϢͷųƽ
ͣ
һˮ
ȽĶ֣Ҷİ˱һѹȽ׵ո
ʼɨսھ˵ĴָˮûȾָҶͳͳȡҶһ̰ӣˮֻܿЦѡ
ʦܣ㾹Ȼһ֮ڣƷʦּԺο
ҶȻԼҲͻƵ˰ƷǸҶȣǲ̫ˡ
Ҷѣ
Ҷ˹ȥĪѾϣἰ
˵ز˾뿪˵˶ǵ٣ƽһս
ˮüͷܶ˶ǵټ𽥵ĸϹ
ƷǿԸһģΧ֮ºѵֵ
ʦ֣ǳħսɣȻص˵
Ƚʱ飬ȻصţǾκβˡ
ҲûȻ뵽Ҳ뵽һڻȥ·϶ڻر͡
ˮҡҡͷȽ뷨Ȼ뵽Ҳɵӣ϶·
Ҷ˵ͷʦֽʮֿ϶ʱҲһְ취ŶԼ
ô죬ѵһֱȥ𣿡
ǽʵҲزȥܲһֱߡ
ˮҲûкõİ취Ŀ⿴Ҷ㣬ϾҶѾһˣȽ֮ϡ
Ҷʦܣ˼磬ʲôõİ취
뿪Ѩ֮Ѹ뿪ȣ뿪ãһȺ˳ˡ
λᣬͻƣ
ҶԴǼ򵥣֮Уս⣬ȻôҪɱԼһδ⣬٣ɱ١
ǿҵİҶͷųȻҪսսף
ˮӣǲ˽СʦܵԸ񣬾Ȼ۲ӭУҲػء
ãЩһֱںȣֵǷˣ
ЩмҶ㣬Ҷ㣬ϵİҶ㣬Ҳ磬Ҷ㣬˿Ѿ˺ȡ
ˮ˵ͷʦֵˣȻҪЭڲѡ
ʦ֣ô
ȽˮʵȻͬ˵¶Ҫƶһƻ
ʦܣȻô˵ˣʲôʵʩ
ˮʵҲˣһλᣬһοԴԼĻᣬлͻ硣
Ƕͬˣ
Ҷ㿴˿ˣֻҪͬ⣬ԼȻмƻ
ͬ㣬κξǶ֧㡣
ˮ֧Ҷ㣬ʦеˣ϶֮ӡ
ãȻʦңұ֤֮һ֪ǵѡǶԵġ
¶Э֮ɫҶ㱣֤֮һõԼҪĶ
ҶţˮҲܸȾðһΣΨѹܳԼļޡ
ʦ֣ҵļƻϤһ¡
Ҷó׼õļƻ̯ǰˮȽ׷¶֮ɫû뵽Ҷϵôһ죬ƶ˼ƻ
ʦܣôǲ̫ðˣһƻʧܣǲҪ׷ɱҪħ幥
ˮüͷҶƻã˵ǽ赶ɱˣҲΣء
򲻵ѵļƻѰ䵥Сɵĵ˳֣һʵʩƻ
Ҷ֪ǵĵģħҶѾǵһΣħ֮УҶаߣ˴һ࣬뿪ħ塣
򲻵ѵİ취ΣͷҶ㲻ϣħѨ
ҶļƻǷˣ޲ھɱȥղɱڵһûɱܲζ
ҶնɱˣˮնɱһˣȽһˣһͣ׼Ҫһչ֡
Ȼˣھͳɱǲݣ
ҶѾյϢħսҪɱԼ˲һٸ˾оʮҪɱԼ
˻Ϊһǣħս׼һҵս
һȥʱ䣬ħս޾ɱ¾ҶѾնɱüƷˡ
һ·ϣˮ˳ľΪҶϢԽԽǿԼͻưƷס
һҶͻưƷ룬벽סĽŲˣˮоѹ
ʦҲʮˣȻҶ̶һͿҪ׷ˡ


1678 
һ·֮ϣӱ׷ɱ׷ɱˡ
ˮǺôĵӣȻҶǴɽׯ˶֡
ɽׯˣˮΧԭأһδɽׯҲ˲ˣ׼׷ɱҶ㣬˭֪Ҷסˡ
Ǻôĵӣ仰Ӧǰɣԩ޳ΪҪˣš
ˮʮ첻ɱԽԽɶϲָоҲͻƾڽ꣬⼸Ҳ˵
ҪǾ飬ˮ²⣬ԼҪʱ䣬ͻƵ
ʱףҶΪʵͻͽԭǳԵ
ҶСڣΪƾ˾ɱ𣬸ǣò˶ã˾ͻϵ
ЩӣҶյϢ׷һΪҶ˿ʼˡ
ϧǿһˡ
ҶЦһһȳ֣ƷɷҶ㾳ȱľǵҩ
ɾʮڣҩʮţҶԴԴϵĲ䣬ϲϵսȹ
дӡˣһƳȥǿޱȣǳǿ˸죬֮ϣѺۣԶħ壬׷׶ܡ
ͬĺˮͻȻкȥûأķ򣬽֯һؾסһУء
Ϣôɽׯ¶֮ɫҶȻˮ֮ϡ
ǴɽׯƷɣɻɱˮˡ
Ҷʵ֮¶ŨŨĵ֮ɫҶʵǱô򵥡
ɽׯҲ󣬷׷׳֣󲿷Ҷߡ
һͷͻСģȴĴ󣬺ֱײϵѹեǱϣܴﵽƷɡ
ģ
ѣҶһ£ЩƷƷ׷ױѹ촷ֱۣ
˾Ʒ֮⣬ȫ򣬶Ҷᣬ뼺ȫӶᣬӶᡣ
ӶԴʦֵƽ֣ҶҲԶʳͬģսʤˡ
ɽׯһƷɣɫ䣬Ҷֶ𾪡
ʦ֣Ǹˣ
֮һɨԶи˳߸Ҫսپˡ
ҶļƻǴλùȫɱ򲻹ˣϵĻᡣ
ħսȻǹѩһԽԽԽԽ˹һܶ˲ΪҶ츳ΪܶͬڵҶ
ɳºޣȫۼһĴţгޣǴֵģ׷׾ۼһ˵Ķ飬ڲϵ׳
ֻʣƷҶһˣˮȽһˣǸŷ磬ܻ͵Ϯ

ɱ¾֮ȫֱ֣ѹȥǿķ֮޾κˮֱӽɽׯû
ո
֮״ˣֱոҶϾƷԽԽɡ
ÿһɾƷҶľ綼ڲϵԪз򣬶ڷ
ǰԸƷҪֵƣڵƾһˮľ꣬Ҷ׵Ľ֮նɱ
ǱߵսҲܿˮ۷ƷһֻѾ𣬷ǳоͽһնɱɾ
̶һʱ䣬˲֪ɱ˶ˣˮЩľˣȽ϶һɱ֮
ɱ֮ԽأܼܲϵѹեԼͻƼޡ
һ£Ҳջ˲٣ȽѾż۷ƷҲֻһ֮ңˡ
Ҳ󣬹и£ͻƵƷɡ
ҶȻҲ⣬ֻҪһͻƵƷɣķǳ֮졣
ʦܣǿߣиǰ
ˮԶԶȥǰѹѹһƬǴһγΧ˲ᶼѷˡ
ߣ
˶ɣ׷׷˵أħȥ
ΧԽԽ࣬ҶСɵĵ˷ǳˣҲʶҶĿֲ׷׾ۼһ
Ϲ֣СҪʲôһ¶ߣϵħ룬ѵһħ򲻳ɣ
ѹ޾ŭҶ˻ÿǣֻߣܣ潻档
׷ߣҲҪ׽
ϹɫĿ£һ£þƷɣȻκβһȺһƵƵܡ
û׷ߣҲҪնɱ
ڻйɽׯ˷׷׸ͣյϢеˮ˵
Ϲ㣬ˮûпͻƵ磬ȻˣôնɱôľƷɡ
ȻƢ꣬Ȼϸ緢ΪˮѾͻƵ磬ɵնɱɾƷ
ħͳˣΪ
Ϲֱӷ񶨣Ҫ뿪ħսˣαضأοϢħʣ϶׷ɱ
˷׷׵ͷΪϹ˵ûҲֻǽҶѣ͵ϮڼˣˮҲ赲ǵĽŲ
ԽԽ룬ħˮ˺ܿܵѹƣжٶȴħкܴĿá
ֻҶһȻ֮ɫħûʲôͬΪҶħޣ߶Ǵ֮
ʦܣǲˣħʵĴڡ
ããħ򣬳˫ȶһ£ħ֮УǳɲħʱضǣһѰ·
Ҫľħʵע⣬ʵʩƻ
Ҷ¶ȵЦݣħʲ֣ƾĸôնɱϹôˡ
ʦܣ뻢ıƤһħ岻ϵǸܵС
ˮҲͬǵĹ۵㣬Ҷô̫ðˣпܻԼ
λʦַİɣһоҵ֮С
Ҷ¶صЦݣˮˣСʦϵ̫ˡ
ȻСʦܵİɣ׷Ҳزͷˡ
Ƚ뿪ˣǻѾɲѡ񣬰ǰֻһ·ϵȥҲ߳һ·
ʦ֣Ǽǰңȥһ¡
Ҷˮ˼ǰԼظϣˮѯʵĻᣬҶʧˡ
˿Цһ֪Ƿ֣Ҷʦ𽥳Ĺǣ쵼ˡ
ȻҶô˵ˣֻȥСǰ
Ҷʮ֮⣬֪ˮϢ֮ĵļ
ޣؼͿˣʧܣǶҪ
ҶļμƻǹؼʧˣǵҲʧܡ
Ҷԭһ壬˵ͷʩչʧԭأҶ㽫ϣһΣԶ֮Уҵ֮أӳ졣
һУҶ۷ֺ漸ԽԽҶǵЦȴԽԽŨ
ȻҪɱңħս֮ء
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫɱˣҶûѹ˭׷ᡣ


1679 
Ҷ㰲ȫķˮһ
ʦܣղʲôȥˣ
ǱȽϺ棬һ·֮ϣҶأȫ㲻ڸʲô
֣
Ҷֻ˵֣Ŀľǲ֣͡
ܸ˵˵𣿡
ǵȲˣҪ֪Ҷ㲼һʲô֡
ܣڻ˵˵Ͳˡ
Ҷ¶аЦԼӵ飬Ȼй¶ȥغƻһʧܣٲ
ҪˣʦܼȻźˣǾǡ
ˮǱȽҶ㣬ԼǰҶͣҶ㣬Ѿ
˿̵壬ҪȺ֮У֪ҶնɱƷҵжˣֻûһϣնɱҶ㡣
ʦܣǰħĲ䣬ǺսӣҪҪǰ
ѾһĲˣݱСǵģкüħʣħ֮һ
ˮĵĲħʣħԲ̣ƵģǷ˻ˣһնɱ
ħ
Ҷ⻬°ͣ׽͸ͷЦֳˣҶ˼
˯ͷҺսħʣħһӡ
ײ˴ħĵ̣Ҷû뵽ġ
ҶļƻҵһǿĲ䣬ǳ֣ɱϹˡ
ʦ֣׷ɱǵʵǿ˭
Ҷͣס壬룬ҪᴩħĲ䣬϶ᱻ֡
Ҫ˵ʵǿϹϹ㣬ռ徻ɵģԺĿգа׹
ħս켣һˣˮ಼֣ǱȽ۷ʵԼ࣬Ϲ㻹Ҫʤһ
ãξһδ⣬޻ء
ҶЩ˵ڷʱ򣬾йռոձԼˣֵ
ԺĿԼ֣֮ĸҲˣǲԩҲͷ
ҶҪһˣˮ˻¶֮ɫ
⼸ˣĴһٮٮߣħս϶Ĵ𼫴ĺ䶯
ǵĵĲĴ֪Ӷ֣֮᲻һַţһؼ⡣
Ҷ㲻ȥǣӺɷг𱨳𣬾ţ̸Ѱʵ
׷ԽԽ࣬ҶˣҲ˴ħ壬ŵྫѪζ׷״Ӳ֮г
ʦ֣Ǽ
Ҷһ֣ˮ˸Ҷٿ䣬һǽ棬Ҷħ˰ħ͸֪ˡ
Ҷħˮ˳ɵˣҶ໹ħ塣
żһħ幦ѣҪԻ󣬶һͶһֶΡ
ҶٺһЦǵǰи£һֻѧ˹УҰè׷ˣһżܣһ淨š
ˮѾľˣҶϲĸֶΣѾ𾪱Ĭϡ
ԶЩԽԽֵǣƺ׷ɱһͷħ壬ǰħܿ죬ϵĳħĲ俿
ô£Ϊô׷ɱһͷħ壿
ǰľˮǰʮֲ⣬Ϊô׷ɱһͷħ壬ͷħ徳粻ƷƷ֮䡣
ֻϹ㼸ˣΪͷħĪ
Ǻܿ죬һɳϢˣ־˲ɨħĲ䣬ԶЩħܵϢ֮󣬷׷ſڵϣڵأվӡ
ͻľٴδһʲôѵħ߲ɣ
ǿ־˲ħϿգЩͼħ壬ܲס־׷ڵء
һĽ֮УħſڵϿʳ࣬ͻȻϢǷ׷վӣ˲ʧԭأٸȥ
ħʣһʱ˳ǱϢħһĵλ˭ҪǾѪпͳǧħ塣
Ҫ񣬸ö˵ԷѪӴԺħλп֮ܽС
һңǾħϵˣлͳħ壬ǧħ廯ΪӴԺַ硣
ٶˣȫ֪ʲô飬Ϣ̫ǿˣ֪Ǵħ״̬ϾܿϢǻ
ãһ壡
Ϲܿ췴Ӧһ壬ǰħĲ䣬ͻȻϢ϶ħʵע⡣
Ҫħ֪ɱ񣬿϶ᱻ˵ɱһ̵ħ
ϹĻһ£Ӳ֮УͷӰǿϢѹܣԲﶼ
СС࣬ȻҽħѰ·
֧ţħ֮У¶ɱһֱȥ㼸ʮ˱ħһ
ͻȻֵı仯һֲħô֣һħʣ£ͻȻħʣͷǳĿɲˡ
ҿ쳷ħ
ħԲ̣ɱûеԣܵĵɱħ壬øһɱ˵ɡ
ɱħ壬ǲˣ
鲻й¶ȥħ໥һֱۣӳȺ֮УɱƷΣ׵ıħ˺塣
ˮ˲ڰĵսľĶҪɤˣǿħһҶһۡ
Ǽƻ
ⲻܰħôԵ޹ʵɱ࣬һоһһˮʮץ
񱻼м䣬ϵߣܿ쿿Ҷߡ
ԽԽ࣬󲿷ֶħʵһȥһƬ
ֻǿľƷɻڿ֧ţսˣﶼҶˣôӵԵ޹ʵðһֵħ壬ħʳ֡
̶̼ʱ䣬˲أôˮĸо
ʦܣ뿪
ʮʱ䣬˶Ҫ¾һգֵܿˣҶ赶ɱ̫֮ˡ
ݵˮ˶ð亹Ҫԭǲ֪Ҷġ
һ㿿ԼҶ¶һЦ⣬ͻȻ־һͨħ塣
գ
ͻȻʧˣ֮Уһˮ˶ˣҶĹ
ħΪ׷ɱ񣬹⼤ŭħ壬ɣ಻֪룬̤ħ̣⵽׷ɱ
ȵǷӦʱΪʱҶļƻǳļ򵥣̰
̰ħҲһҲ̰֮ģһҩղܡ
֪ϢͻȻʧħͻȻһܽ׷׵һЩʵСֱ࣬ӱ
ʦ֣ίǼˣ
ҶһɨˮҲʧˣ֮УֻʣҶһ档
ħԩ޳ΪҪǴ֣
սˣʵǿħʣûκεĻᡣ


1680 
ɲˣʲôֵûУܿ죬γһˣ׼ӳȥ
ǲóеƣһɱȥ
Ϲɫ࣬ԼĵܵϹħ֣֮һȣ⼸λһóƣɱȥ뿪˵
ãɱһѪ·
ĵ˷׷׼ַʱ䣬ܹ⻪ķˣܲϵӿȥ
ô˻ᣬҶһ뵽˳ǽ棬ʱȫĵطΣյĵط
ΣյĵطΪȫĵطҶڶġ
ԼҲ֮Уų񣬱ͨħ壬켣˲棬ܿʧ
սûȥעˣҶ棬ʦʦһ¶֮ɫθ͡
ʦܣڿԸǺúõĽһ˰ɣ
ˮٶ˭ϣкܴѹģֹˡ
һעҶ㣬ˮأȽĿ˸ʮֺ档
ƻһʼҾƶˣħ̰Ŷý赶ɱ֮ơ
ҶûƻһʼҶ趨ˣ͵Լ
ô֪һȦףħƾʲôǰڲ
ˮǸ㲻йؼڡ
ʵղͷħʵҵķϣʦʦұܡ
Ҷ֪ȥˣʱദʦʦֵ
˷׷ɫ䣬ΪҶʲôɽ磬ǧǧÿ˶иԵܣȻҲһ
֮ɫܿʧֻǳ棬Ҷôġ
ԭˣħϢħʳ֣նɱǣȻһʯ֮ơ
ˮˣҶΪƣħս޼ˡ
ûֻҪǸҸҪñնɱ׼
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫɱ˺ɱ֮顣
Ǹ뿪
ˮʵɻĴռ䣬ǲûмһģǵһμֻ۲Ƴ
ʦܵܣǾͲҪˡ
ҶЦһʮ飬Ҷ㲻֪Ϊ綼ᱻ֪
˺ʶȤûмȥСʦܣҲԸˣҲ֮ҡ
ʦܣôˣǶ𣿡
ˮ֪Ҷʵ
ҶҲ棬֪־һͨħûʲô
Ϲ˱ˣƴˣһȱڣɹ
Ϲ㻹ĵߣҶԴϧĿûнһ򾡡
ˮ˻¶֮ɫ˼һ𣬿ԻһһƷˣƴߵġ
ˣȫħ˵ȫħʳ
廹ûȱħնϣ׼Ϊħʳ
ֱӱԵûֻħֶΣǳĲ̡
Ϣȥˣ
ħʮղϢһţֻŽ֣ȴ֪ӵ
ѵǸ֪ˣ
һħ߹ǹϢ̫Ϥˣڳ
һˣ䣬κħ岻뿪
ħһָħ˵֮У׼뿪һһڷϢܸ֪õ
ħɱô࣬᲻ģϮǲ䡣
һħЩȻɱô࣬ɽ϶ưոݡ
Ѱ·Ȼҵĵ̣Ҳǰ׷ΣһģħҲǣϣɽħսħǵȲˡ
ħ⣬ϣɽ緢սħͲˣļ̤ɽ硣
űסˣҶҲ뿪ˣֻòٿ񣬻켣ڳС
һſڵϣϵĴϢ˺ۣϹǣƴӳ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣬ôʧء
ͬ黹˶ħķŭĺС
ɫ䣬ԺȫûֻʣԼһˣȫħ
˽ĿϹϣִ׷ģЩ˵Ϲ㸺ҪΡ
Ϲ㣬ôˣѵ뿪𡣡
ѾˣԹ𲻵κεãΨһİ취Ǳ
뿪
ϹЦһɺ촽Լĵܵܶˣܾôˡ
סڣֻҪһǱ֮ʱ
Ϲҧгݵ˵Ѿټǰ׼Ҷ㣬ֻҪסڼɡ
˷׷׵ͷҲϢټħսˣ׼Ҷ㲻
ħ䣬߽Ψ֪ħĲпᣬѹħ
ħڲ֮УȦһ޴Χϵķ棬Ϊħʳ͸ֲһ
Ҷܿ쿴һϤӰӣħ˽Χ棬𣬷סʵֻǿĻȥϣлߡ
ᣬʧȥ˫Ȳ£ѾֹѪˣָζܲܡ
ħ׷ȥͻȻ߽Χ棬ֱߵǰ
ͻȻ߹ħ壬ŵһ£һƨ˵ϣһľ֮ɫ
㡭㲻ҪҪҡ
սս˵Ųȱ壬һˡ
壬ǵ𣿡
ҶͻȻĳˣվǰףǼ˹һһҽС
ܿȴҶȻܽ϶ܴ뿪
Ҷ㣬ˣ뿪ɣ
ͻȻҶǰסҶĴȣϣҶܾȥ
뿪
һ뿪ɡ
Ҷشʮָɴ࣬ͻȻǰҶĿĵģȻԵ޹ʵĳ֡
Ժţź㣬ֻҪܻʲôԡ
ﻹϣΪħʳֻҶ㣬뿪ط
ɲҲҪūҪõˡ
Ҷһ߿壬˵һˮ˶֮ǰ޵壬Ȼ䵽أ컯Ūˡ
㿪ڰɣҪʲôȫӦ
Ϊܻ뿪κܴӦ
ܺã˵ġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷӣһҪúõã˷ѵ
ҷģԺ׷㣬ɽ𺣣ü
ֱӷģֻҪ뿪ʲôҪ
Щ׷׿ϣһ뿪
ſʶ
Ҷָһ㣬һ뵽Ļ꺣֮УֱӽȻˣҶҪҪȥ
ȥ֮ҵںδһϢ֪ͨҡ
Ҷ㰵и崫ҶĿģţҵ䡣
ڷϣҶʯһ޵Ļǣ֪öŵŵһö
ҪöҶҪȥڣΪȱһߡ
˷ģһ񣡡
Ѿһɫʮϡ


1681 Գ
屻Ҷս֮УˮˣֱӾһ˵һԡ
ҶҲʧˣ뿪⾪ˣЩ˷׷׷ĺУϣҶܴһ뿪
ҶɲɵҪȫߣħǷˣҪ¾ʱǼӲȥ
ħȽƽΪϢȫʧħ廹Ҫȥֻܴ򿪳ţħԼȥѰʳ
ô˻ᣬҶٿĵ뿪䣬ԭ·أǳħȥ
ħԴǳḻдиֺҩΪ༫̤һξѵĻᡣ
ҪҪȹħĲ䣬û˸ðգ𣬲Ż
뿪ħ䣬ҶרûħĵطǰԶԶħƵķΧҶŷųʦּˡ
İĻˮڻֿ֮С
ʦܣ
ˮгǷ׷ѯʣΪﻷʮİħŨ
ħǵһλᣬͻƾ磬Ǿ뿪
Ҷᶨ˵һξĺûᣬ˭뵽Ҷħ䣬ħ
ħ
Ҫ˵ҩ鲼ǣֻҪõһҩͻƾ磬ǳ顣
Ƚ¶֮ɫˣϧһֱûа취ֻħսɱħ壬ħ
ˮгǷ׷׵ͷ򱻹֮У뿪ħսڷȻصţҶߡ
ʦܣʦֹĿ࿴ʦͻ磬һмյĴ
ˮָоͻ磬Ҳ£磬ѾڤڤиӦʲô
ʦ̫ˣʦֵˣֱ˴ˣиͬͬ
ҶٺЦ˼ΪҶĿҲϣͻƵƷɣͿԲþϹˡ
˷ֱƣҶ֮һɨһ޼ʵħ۵ס
ʦ֣ߣ
ҶһɳȥħĵطǰǹħҲеطûħܶɽҩ
һ·֮ϣвɼҩȡˮһʦƳ൤ҩ
ԽԽ˷ܣߴطҩɷݵҩǳĶ࣬Ƕˡ
ʦܣҵҩǾͿö԰һͻƾ硣
ˮɫ̷˼öҩԽԽ
ȽҲһ˳̤벽Ҫһʱ䣬żͻơ
ܵԽ񣬽ĸ߶ҲߣóȻͻƣûʲôô
Ҳ󣬾Ʒֻһ֮ңҶö˵ʵһֱѹԼľ磬ôĥþȹ̡
һ·ϣСɵħֱնɱǶܣͣͣתһ¹ȥˡ
һʱ䣬ջҩһСͿŵ˶ʮ졣
˲ϵĿɣ۵˶һȦ۲š
ռĿƽֳķݣÿ˷ֵƷɾһǧöƷɾһöƷɾö
ҪǴĿ֮޷ɣƸһʱ䣬Ҳɲꡣ
ɾȻ࣬Ʒ棬ҪɾƷʺõĶö࣬Լɣһֳɾ͸С
ʦܣǲˣĲϻ׼ĲˣǷذɣ
ܹħĵطˣˮ飬׼ظ˵
ڵȵȣ滹иõĶǡ
Ҷ㿴һԶ룬Щֻһ㣬ĺöħ𶼺ٽ
ֲҶ㣬ֻü룬֪֮ҶΪˡ
ۣôһƬҩ԰
ҪˣһϿ֮Уûħܶͱڣǻʱ䣬Ŵһ⴦ط
⡭ҩ̫ˣÿһö̷ȥлͻƾ硣
ȽҲɵˣ⴦֮أм궼û˽ҩǳḻ
ȱżɼȿûΣգ
ˮȽ򶨣ȱ˵̫ˣһΣҲ׼
˷׷׵ͷħ˭֪ûΣȲ鿴һ˵ҩҲܲˡ
˷ֳĸ򣬳ܿʼѲߡ
氲ȫ
Ǻһ䣬Ѳ߶棬ûʲôûǳȫ
ϲలȫ
ȽˣҲûΣգҩ֮⣬
氲ȫ
ˮҲһ䣬ھͲˣûΣյĻǿ޼ɵĲɼҩꡣ
𣡡
һ򱱱ߵʱһ޺ˣӱǽ֮ϣһֻ޴Գ࣬ɶߡ
Գ
ˮһԳԳĽ壬ǣԳļɸǣô
ҿ쳷
ˮûκεĿǣѿڶҩãȵܣԳ硣
͵ȵҲֵܵ
ϧѾˣͷԳһһĸķס˵ȥ·޷뿪Ͽȡ
λǰðǷ뿪
ˮʮ侲ʱҪ侲ͷɱǣһֻһ򵥡
ǵҲˣȽ¶֮ɫҶ㵹侲Ҳ׼
࣬ȻȻˣɣȻԺ󲻻徻ˡ
ͷԳ˵ˣܲãԳħһʮࡣ
һ䣬ԳˣͷĸԳһЭҲǲмҶǳ֣ϾǲɾʵһԺɨˡ
ս׼
ԷȻϷ뿪ֻ÷ˣӳȥãӲȥҲҪһѡ
˷׷׳Գսһ𣬲޴һɨ˾͵ɳȥܲס
ʦܣһлᣬ뿪ǧҪ
һսˮҶ㴫лϽߣȻ뿪ûҶ㣬ҲزħսΪмһħĲ䡣
ˮͻһ߻ᣬԳܸƾˡ
ʦֵˣôܹ뿪
Ҷ㲻ܹһ뿪Ժ㣬ʦָθʦ͡
˱սˣ˫ŲЩҩ棬ܶҩֱӱǲ飬ҶﶼڵѪ
갡ŷ˵ϮǧҩһΪɢڿ֮С
ҩ飬ԳҲŭЩҩħ˵ûãԳ˵ǾǱ
䣡
Գٴ˷׷׼ǿķҶдӡݺݵķ˻ȥ
飡
˶ɨУҶȻԽսҲԽս
˵ĳٴε䵽˵ϣѹһƬҩһһ˸ߵĻƽѹˡ
߶ʮһҶץϰŻƽ̷ȥʱоϵƺָܿ
һУʥˣˮҲõ˻ָ
ҲѧҶ㣬ϵҩʼţĵȻϧܱȫ˷ѵĺãһЩһЩ
˺ָܿԳ¶һ˿֮ɫղܵˣΪͻȻָܻ


1682 ⻯
ˮ˷׷׳ҶͶмĿ⣬⵽ʲô棬˲޸ƣκε
ʦ֣ûлֻԳһа취Ը
Ҷ֪ʥֲ֧˶ãʥҲܵģһֱʩչȥҶġ
ԳƺδȫҲϣЩҩһȫҩ»һա
ʦܣҪʲô
ˮЩԣֻԳһ𣬵ǺѣˮһֵŲ˲һ壬Ųһ
ֵƫڹϺ٣СھͺˣҶ㲻Ҫˮ֣ϧС׻ڳ˯㲻ͻƵܴﵽƷӦòѡ
ʦǣֻһλᣡ
Ҷٵ˵ΪԳĹֵˣһԳƺ⽫ǱƵǽǴɱ
ãһŻʩչŲܲŲһҲұ֤϶ܷǳӽ
ϾŲˮû̫İգðһԡ
ʦҪʱ䣬ܲܰҿʱ伴ɡ
ʩչŲҪʱ䣬ˮʱǳҶһ˵ˡ
ã
ҶûκεĳɣֱӴӦȽгǲô£ȻҶӦˣȻĴӦ
ʱڵȥ·һҶҲ˼ɲôˣֵƳֳ֡

ֱʩչ˴Գ֪ô£ͻȻߵ½˻ҵ硣
һ˺ܵķѣԳ׵˺ϾһƷҶƲֻһᡣ
һȥˣֻסһʱ䡣

и

ɱ¾
ĴһȽгǿĿѣ룬ıҶĵôǿĵһʩչƾƷ˲⵽ɱ
ȻĴԳ¶һ˿Իı飬ƺЩҶˣʵΪʵǿġ
䡭
޾ĳˣȽгֱӱɳȥҶҲ⣬ԳֱһɨǿϢ֣߽ҶĹ
˵ķͬһöϿը˿γһΣҩ⵽˴ݲС
ۣ
ʩչֵ⣬ǱԳɨУһѪҶܵһЩ˺
Щ⣬Կ벽ǲһҶͻƵƷɣƲôǱˡ
ûʱˣҶ߱ʽˣһһУƵնһ
ķγһ޴Уʱ䣬׵ȫϮ
ȽгǱƵ޴ֻǽڣ¶ľ֮ɫ
ˮҲܣû뵽ҶķʵȻڱ壬ǿ
ԳҲ¶Ծ֮ɫǰ۵࣬Ȼչ¶ǿʵƷ۷ɾ
ն
񷱻ѣһѷ죬ԶͱڣǶһ㣬һնϣǽڳһ޴ķ϶
ɱɢɹâһˣѹסԳǧʼ档
ϢѹԳһȥˣҶ㼸еǱǼޡ
ڲֻʩչֻˣҶռƣ׵ˣҶ㶼׵й¶ȥ
Ų
һˮһȣǰ棬һΣֱ˳ȥԳ֡
ֵˣԳͻȻʧĸԳԶм׵ľ롣
ʦֿ쳷
Ҷһɨˮгǵս֮УԼҲʧˣžһö֡
䣡
Ƕ֮УǸоһɻˣֱɳȥǶǽ档
ϿȸǲҲ̶ãҩ⵽˻ԵĴ
Գ뵽Ҷϻз⻯ֿɲĶ൱ƷһһƷ磬ܲס
ııģ
⻯ĸԳߣֱӽըķѣԳʵǿ󣬼һξ룬Ҳըˣڵϲϵİ
һյĢƳܵͱ֮ϣǱǹɨһú״ۡ
ǳǿĳ˺ƷССһƷ⻯׵Ľ֮նɱ
Զ֮ţׯͻȻһݣܵ˷⻯ͷųȥˣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ⶼȥˣҲ֪Ǳôˡ
ׯΪһ֮ÿ̫࣬Ͼ˼ԼĵӣһξʹҴСʱ䣬Ҷ㻹ûϢ
֮˳Ŀĵ棬бըԳˮ¶֮ɫȫţҶġ
ԥˣϽɱͷԳ
𣬻ָ죬ԳδڼĻָܸκεĻᡣ
ûκԥ׷׳ֹ֣Գϣرˮóеĵơ
Ҷ˱־ѹԳ޷ָɱһʱ䣬ԳʧȥϢ
ֱҵķʽԳƵ벻ףôȥһȺϵ
ʦܣղʹõǲǷ⻯
ˮʶ㣬Ҷʵ
û֮ǰʦ͸ҵģűá
ҶҲûȷǷ⻯ؼʱ̲ܶá
ʦƫģʦûƹ⻯
ǴŴȤĿ֮УûʲôʣҶ㣬Ҳнĳɾ͡
ϻˣϽɨսǺöϽʰˣȽгȥɼҩʲôõġ
ˮٵ˵ղ߲ôǿĳ϶ħע⣬Ҫ뿪ˡ
˷ͷжҶ㽫öҪĿģԳľ
𣬾ը߰˰ˣҲɾǿҶ㲻Ǵھħ֮С
Ȼȥʱ׼Ʒɾ
ȽгĴɨһҩʣ޼ҲǲȱȫƵҩ϶ۿۣҲʤޡ
öһҩ֮󣬿϶ҪҩҪķҪƳɵգͻƵ
ʦܣţȻȥ֮󣬽ʦƼöҩ϶ҪֱҪãлͻ硣
ˮҶ˵Ҫż
Ҷ˵ͷҲд⣬ҪֱգֱǱҶԼһʹ
ķԪҶѾ߱ͻưƷɵʸ񣬻ڲϵѹƣЩԪ򣬴
ɨ֮Ѹ뿪Ϊħʳ߿Ϣڸǲס
ԽʧϿϷҶ˼Ǽ룬ҵһƧ֮أͻơ
ʱȥϹû뿪óȻȥ϶ʮΣա
ħս˿ħ䲻ԶΧٶˣħսټˣ׷׾ۼһ
ĸܵȥˣⶼˣûг
ȫָ


1683 ͻƾ
ٶˣ󲿷ֶټģвܶ඼Ǵ֣ĺ˭һ
Ҳ˴ˮ㣬ܵõôãòôҲʧȥʲô
˭֪һȾǼ£˵ȵòͷˣ׷뿪İ˹ȥ
һƧĶ棬Ѿħħ嶼ټΪĴͱڣħ岻Ѱʳ
һ󣬹Ҫѣ۵ֱһƨڵϣȽҲ˲Լˡ
ڿϢˣ
ſڵϣһ·У㽫С඼ĳüħͬʱ֣ͱǷˣͣĸ·
ҼϢһ£׼ƾһɹǾɱȥˣ
ˮߣָǳĿ죬ܿ쿪ʼһƾҩͻƾ硣
ֻҪﵽħҲҪ԰ȫ
Ϲǣǲɱ١
Ҷ㰲ϥԭأ򾳽磬ԭͻưƷӲѹ˵̡
ΪҶ㲻뵽ΪԼյ㣬ҪϵѹեϵĻܡ
֮Լܺľǵ̣ǰڻ۵ķǳ
ڵƷΪƷҶܣϵۻȫ뵽
Ȼ֮䣬ҶϵϢڷٵıǣһԵȽгǷ׷¶֮ɫ
ΪҶ㾳ûϵϢȴԽԽһԶžѡ
ǿķ򣬽Ҷܵһԭֻϸķ򣬱ֱ۴ϸÿһޱȴ׳ʵ
Ԫ֮뵽֮УľˣһööӨ͸ıʯɢĹâ
ƵҶ㼸˰Ʒ磬ڲϵѹƣѹƣԪȡսħű
СʦĲ򵥣ϢȫƷˣȻƷĲ˼顣
ȫ㲻ˣҶϢȽ֮ϣǾȴȼ
ǴӷСʹ˼ʵĻСʦܣܻҪ𣿡
ȽЦһħսһˣҲûиҶһһĴ̼⼸µϹȥһˡ
ƺҶΪξͻƣΪҶ㸶Ҫȱ˶Ķö࣬ü
ܣҶ
ڳԺ֣ҶҲ
˯ϢҶȻ
ˮۣˣҶûûҹϣһ죬ҵԼ֮գԽȫӻ
ʱһȥƾҪܴľҶ㵹Ҳֵ֪ϧޣ޷ƣƵĵҩ
ˮҲʲôܣ֪ԼһƵҩ
ת۾ǰʱ䣬ҶһֱķԪǳĻ£ҶҲֻһСңд󲿷ַû
һҩ洫ʱ£ˮƵĵҩŵζҶ㶼̲סſëף˫ۣ˸ȥ
˷׷վŶѨ棬ҩԽԽŨƿҪɵˡ
浤¯ǵҶ˷׷߽棬ҩѾ͡
ˮֱڵϣһȦɫƣʮѿ²߲ݣ˺ǳĴ
ʦ֣û°ɣ
ȽгǸϽȥˮóöҩȥ
̷öҩˮɫ𽥻ָǾȴĺãɫЩή֮⣬һ
û£Ҳɣ
Ϣһ£ˮľָܿóöҩоŵ·֮⡣
һһö
ˮһһöǺö̷ȥųɻͻһ硣
һ·ѹռҩŴöҩֵ֪
лʦ֣
˸߲ҵĽӹҩöҩͻƾָտɴ
ʦ֣ʱͻƣ̷ȥҲͻһȣڽһͻơ
Ƚ˵Լ뷨ãȻͻ磬ȻǿͻƣԽɾͣҲкܴӰ졣
뷨֤ѾˣʦʵкüζԳ磬һֱˣȼСʦܣ֪ԼǷȱ
ˮ˵ĺܼ򵥣ǵ̣ܵԽ񣬺ڱŻӿֲ
˷׷׵ͷҲһʱһֱڻܣڿͻƵƷˡ
ʦܣͻƣ㻤Ҫһͻƣҡ
ˮԸһ䣬óͻƣ
ã
Ҳ飬ҵмյأ׼ͻƾƷɡ
Ҷ㻹Ƚˮ̾ܣʲôΣճ֡
һڽ̷ȥǿӳͷųԭͻܵ㹻񣬾ֻһҩ˲佫忪
ƷϢɢʼߵļϣһٳ벽
ʱ䣬ȹ˾磬ʮɾ׽ͣ۷Ʒ
վӣӳɢһɷǳǿţꡣ
ҪˣһֱûʲôչҶ֮󣬶̶Сʱ䣬ħսûеġ
ⲻǾϼ򵥵һڶı仯ɢǿҵţҲǸˣʲô
ʦܣͻưɣʦһ
ˮҶͻƣ󣬱ϾͻƿϢǿħע⡣
ҶͻƵ˰ƷħˣҶҲܿ⼸ʱ䣬ܸˮĻᡣ
ã
ҶȻӦ֪ˮĵʲôҲǼʲôΣա
һˮͻƣħʣ˿ԴߣܱȫΪʦ֣Ϊʦ롣
Ҷϥ£ʼ񣬳ŵԼ֮Уóһ̷ȥ
ҺΪһȪ뵽Ҷ棬ǿˣʼϴˢҶ塣
ԭҶǿѹƷ۷壬ɢ֮󣬼ҶôȥƶֱӿƷɡ
Ʒһ̣ͻȻ磬ϷɳʯϢҶɢ
ˮɫ䣬ҶͻưƷȻǿҵĲֱ˼飬ƷҲûôǿϢ
ҶɢȽǳǣ¶֮ɫǶǴƷƷ߹ģ֪˰ƷʲôϢ
֪ҶϢ֮ǧԨһ㣬԰Σ⻹ǰƷ𣬾ǾƷҲﲻ̶ֳȡ
Сʦ֮츳ɽҲܼ
ˮЦһԭʦһµӣﻹЩ뷨ΪʦǼǱʡ
ԼǵϵˣҶ֮󣬲֪Լʣһȫûпɱԡ
ϢԶԶûнԭòǺԶϢһ֣˷׷˼رȽǣܲסҶϴѹȸС


1684 ͻ
ǿѹ֮˹һϹžھ־ǡ
ˮ϶¶˼֮ɫǰ벽ҲܵŨŨѹֳϫ֮һһεĳǵ
˶̶һʱ䣬Ҷʹﵽ˰Ʒ۷壬ûмͻƣҶգɣ󺣣еǱȫ뵽֮С
ħ֮е޼ɵıҶգԪˮһˢҶ
һɲǵĹ򣬾ͱóӯһööͬ鱦ʯҶԡ
ɾ֣
ҶóʮöƷɾһöƷɾգҺһʼҶ
ⲻܣѵʦܵ³ű𣿡
ҶһôɾǼһͻƾƷʮƷɾһƷɾ
Ҷʮ࣬ȫһȼͻҲ˰ɡ
ͻҪʮöƷɾʮƷɾмƷá
ҶͻưƷɣҪôֲԴҪͻƵǸǿֲҪʮٱֹ
Сʦܹ֮û֮𣬲ҪСʦܡ
ˮǳһ䣬ΪЩСˣദˣҶʲôˣԤϵˣԲͨˡ
ɾ֮еˮһ˳Ҷëףһ뵽棬ݱɸַԪ
Ѿǵľˣӡһ˿˿·
𣬲ĲֹǾ磬ش·ơ
һööɾըΪ촷ۣ뵽Ҷ档
Ҷͷ֮ϣһ޴УҶɵĲܹħ˽ȥ
ٶȣֱǺţˮҶʦ֣;ոҶ
̫ɲˣֱһѵ࣬ȫ˳߸Ƕ֪
һҶ㶼֪Լ֮У꺣֮У˸Żϵķֽ
Ȼ绹ڰƷҶԪѴﵽ˾Ʒ۷壬
ҲֱͻƵƷ۷壬ʵǿɲ԰벽лһսˡ
ʮʱ䣬ҶϵϢƽϢʮˮ˲֪ôġ
ÿ꣬ձҶֻͻһƷ磬ĵ˼ͻƵ벽ҵԴ
ֻ֮һҶϵϢûƷɣڰ벽ˮ޷ֱҶ㡣
ڶɢİһع˶ҪҶ˦ˡ
ʵڳˮ֮⣬ȽгǣҶ㷴
Ҷ˫ۣӹɢĲϢ֮ڿƷ۷壬ҶȻѹԼľ硣
֮ǰ㹻ĵ̣ͻƵ֮󣬿ԲϵͻƣƷ
ҶĴ㣬ڷʱҶ㲻ϵĻۣڰ벽ɵʱ򣬾ͿԾɱˡ
ɾҶһǲϵĻۣ˳ͻɾ
ɰƷҶȻҪۣȻܿͻᴥԼƿ
վӣһȵϢɨȥǽڷʯ鶼ڷܲסҶ
ͷǳһ㣬ǵÿһŲҶϢͱһƷɵȽгǣʼܲסˡ
ƷʱҶ׵ɱƷɣ˰ƷɱƷɣһֻһ򵥡
ΪҶϢѾǹ˾Ʒֱư벽ʵĴ򣬹Ƕһ޶ˡ
ϲʦͻƾ磡
ҶϢʱ˶վ׷ףҶ㡣
лʦʦ㣬ûǻҲɵͻơ
ʵûǻҶ㲻ȫȫͻƣ϶覴ãΪҪħ壬ҪС塣
ʦֵܼô𡣡
ˮҶʦֲˣʦ־͵չʦʦõΡ
Ҷ˵ͷһӣѶ˲ãûҲãм֪֪ԡ
ڷ磬Ҷ㲻ȱ֪绹ˣҶ֪֪ˡ
˿̵ķ磬һƬͣرǾˣȻΪһţµʮ
ڻк¼ĵλҲˮǴߣںǾԵİ
ʦ֣ڸͻˡ
Ҷˮĵط׼ͻǾͿɱȥˡ
ã
ˮȴһܾˣҪͻƣﻹЩһƺЩ̫ˡ
ʦͻ֮ħ֣֮ʦǳĴ
ΪµׯҲܴܺѹԲǼħս
ȥʱµԣҪˡ
óˮһһ̷ȥ
ʱ䣡
ɽ磬ǿϢɢԭˮͻƵĻᣬҲһֱѹƾ硣
ҪˣΪܵ㹻ȫԽ˳ͻ
ڲϵҶ֣ϵĸ硣
Ƚгǣںˣһֱ˵ǽǴŻֹֻͣҶһˣˮǺԶ
һĿͻƵ磬һκܺõĹĦᣬΪԺԼͻƴû
һĳˣˮΧ
ͻô򵥣ǲ⣬ķԽ࣬ʵȻҲԽ
ŵȵԭ˭Ķ࣬Ժٿ֮Ҳ೤ǿ
ȷ˶һƷ˭ķĶ֮࣬ʱȻʤһ
ʵһϵɣ˭ܽչĸȻʤߡ
Ҷӵоǳĺ겻һˡ
Ϣʼ¶ˮüͷ壬󾳽Խô򵥣תʱ򣬻ܴʹࡣ
ҶĿ˼ϾȻҲһЩ·ЩƣΨʱ򣬲Ż֡
Ҷϵ֮Ƚг˷׷һۣӱ˴˵Ŀ֮У˾𾪡
漴ҡҡͷѾľˣҶһ̥ڰƷɾһ飬߸ǵ֪
ЩϸӣˮϵķĴ׳ܲƣⱾһֽˣҶ㲻Ʒɡ
˾Ʒأ
Ҷ᲻Ҳˮһģشһ
֮ˮѹԼľ磬ֱӳƿ˳һƷȹ̾硣
ҺҶ㲼һϢ󣬲סˮϢȻ϶ħʵע⡣
ͻƼ򵥣ȹ̾ȽϻҪϵĴĥӦµľ磬ǻҪϤ
£ˮϵϢ𽥼һս棬ľ糹ȹˣõľ
վӣˮ˫֮УһâһǿҵţɢǸղһޡ
ϲʦ֣ͻƵ磡
Ҷ㻹Ƚ˷׷ףأ


1685 ɱ¾
ͻƵˮһ˿ţڿԻȥʦˡ
ħսҪʱ䣬ÿÿҹüβ㱻ɱʹ࣬޷
ʦܣʦãʦȻһò˶ãҲ׷ġ
ˮûһ˿֮ɫοˣǲҪѹǵʣͻǳ顣
ʦ֣Ǹô
ȭͷ˾ƷҲһչֵʱˡ
ɱȥ
ˮ򵥵˵֣׷ɱ˼£ֵǷˡ
ã
ͬ˵ڶҪ
Ե޹ʣǾ׷ɱΪһ翵ν츳Ҫɱˣֱǲ
뿪Ѩǰÿʵüֹٶޱȣ֮󣬾Ϳħ䡣
ʦ֣Ҫίˣ
ҶԼһ֮УǴħ䡣
ֻһħʣ϶ǿͻȥħħʣһһ𣬶ǣǾ鷳ˡ
Ϊ˰ȫСĵĶȹȥΪ
ԭˮӦԼᴩȥҶ˵֮󣬲Ž࣬Ͼˣлᣬǽһ
ħ䣬ֻĸоһ¹ȥˣ֪ϹǲѾ뿪ˣ뿪ħս
˷˽ŲҲżǵľ磬ħսκεΣˣֱĳħսΧȥ׼뿪ħսصš
ͻȻˮͣס˽ŲִʶǳǿܸܿӦʲô
ʦ֣ǲϹ˻δ뿪
Ҷ¶һߣղۣ֮ʵҶѾˣֻû˵ѡ
ãǿɱһ仨ˮ
Ħȭƣǰ⵽׷ɱһֱûаæڿлˡ
ʦܣµĲϹˡ
ˮüͷԽԽͻ֮ΪαõС
ʦ֣ǲʲô֮
Ҷ㿴ˣˮ϶ʲôΪѵ飬Ȼü
ʦܣϹ㼯İٶˣһٶƷɣҵ˵ȫɨҴﵽ磬óȻֶԸɾ»¿ʵ⵽ŵַ
ˮΪѵĵطǼʮˣˮǿѹɱ˱ǡ
Ϲ㼯İٶˣˮһˣѹסϹ㼸һ𣬾ͿսһƷ
ɽϸĹ涨ȻԵԼ̫ླ˳֣϶Ц
ñһþƷһɳ֣ˡ
龭ᷢϾ˶·ߣɱˣʱҪɡ
ˮִֹˣҪɱɾ϶ѹҶ㲻ͬɱߣҪܱɱ׼۾ߵͣŮף˲ңҲˡ
ȽгҲһüΪˣֱ֮ˣСˣΪ˴ﵽĿģֶΡ
ʦֻ֣ҪѹסϹ㼸˾ͿˣʣµĽңڤ粻飬Ҳȫնɱ
ҶϣɢһɾϢԼɱ¾֮ڼˮľ꣬Сףϣܺɨκˡ
СǰЩӳɹѣ̷˴ɾͻƵ˾Ʒ۷壬ʥ޷ǳӽˡ
ûĴͱ£ÿó
ʦܣҪô𣿡
ˮЩģϾôԣƿܿǡ
ҪôǱҪô
Ҷˮ˼Ҷ㲻ɱˣҲ׵ıɱΪϹѾǡ
İٶˣƺƵҶΧˮйͨ˽ӽ£ڵȵҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬ڿӣ
ﲻסˣһվ³Բ˯ãҶˡ
˵Ҫ𣿡
ҶӵĿһۣԼҪӣ˭סҶѹûߡ
Ϲɱ˲ˮҶ㡣
ˮûͷϢȻְ벽ң˿ϹȽУǾˮ򵥡
Ҷ㣬ڹԹԵĹǻῼǷŹʦһ
һȣҶˮˣԷ뿪
ҹ¾Ϳûˡ
Ҷ̯̯֣һνӣ˫гһߣʶɨÿһˣۣ֮ǵٶ𽥷Ż
𣡡
Ҷ㻰һ䣬˱ˣһͷʮֲֿޡ
һһ޴˫ۣɢ˵ƣëƤȫըУˡ
Сǵһɽ࣬һλᣬС׳ɽ
Сףɱ¾ȥɣ
ҶС׵ԴСͻȻɱڸڻ֮£ֱӳȺ֮С
ΪǿȻԷҪɱԼҶڸǷϻȥ
Ψɱ¾ɱֹɱõİ취ɱǣȻû׷ɱԼ
һ֣Сײϵļ̤һʱ䣬С׾ɱʮˣֿɲɱ¾ֱδš
Ϊ˿ҪС׵ʱ򣬾Īʧˣ֪͵
˸վ𳤽ͻȻһӰֱڳϣڷ
ʮˣСﲻˣ󲿷ֶͬһ֣Զ͵ʽ档
ǿռ֮С׽ռʩչ뾡¡
˿Ѿûлͷ·ˣǵ£Ϊ˽죬ô
ɱ
Ҷɱ¾֮Ҳɱ˳ȥǻȽ׷ײ˵иͬͬȻҶѣԹۡ
ϹͻȻˣĵ˷׷һ֡
Ϲ㣬ǵĶң
ˮֱӷȻûɢϢ벽ڸǲϵľ
ɲɱ¾ʼˣҶһ̨֮⣬ɱ¾֮Ǽ˼ĹϵѪ֮ϣɢɺɫϢ
ͣ
һſԴﵽ˰ƷɣҶɱƷԷˮһ򵥣ÿΣʱˮľ궼֡
дӡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷʩչдӡڼױȵٶȣû˿׷Ҷ㣬ֻܸںԻҡ
䣡
֮ϣӣмʮˣ־󣬼ֱ˸ء
ԶħҲˣħ忪ʼûȤħˣδ֡

Ҷٴʩչ⣬ȻҪսսףĵ֣ǲι䲻Ҷϡ
ΪҶʩչۣ֮ǵٶȱʮڼҶޱȵٶȣֱײصĽɱ
ֵһ̣ٴη仯ȦΪοҶˣڸԼߵ˽֡
½㣬صߵ罻棡
ǳ͸ǰ컹Ǻҹѻǵˣֻܳ֡
Ҷᣬɱ¾диˣѹȥɱ˻ɨһȦʮ˱ո
ɱֶΣֱǺţ˺ˣ׷ԶӱܣϾܶ˶Ǳſģ


1686 ѹ˻
Ŵĳֳ֣һƬң໥̤Լͷѹһͬ˼
Զħ㹻ˣǿҶɱַϳֳ˹֮ɫû뵽Ҳɱַ
ҲˣҪߣ
һӰ˾׼ȥ˻ˮģʶҶ˭ܹ֡
˭Ҳߣ
ɱ¾֮һѣ˭Ҳ޷赲ҶĽŲɱɱһƣɨȥ
һҪߵӲӸͻȻּңҶһ˲ӣޱȡ
ѪȪһĲ׶ߡ
ЩѪȾ˲˵壬Ѿ˿޵ҶŻҵ˭Ҳ塣
Ϲ¶֮ɫҶʲôʱôǿˣԼ˵ΧȻ׵նɱ֮һ㡣
Ǳˮѹסˣ޷

ҶָͻȻһ㣬һεˣͻȻһļž
һ嵹£ʮˣ֪ô£ͻȻĲס

˷ˣߺһΪҶǹˣЩôģǵĽ¡
ǻ֮ʣҶٴγ֣Сײϵϣһĵ£˭Ҳ޷룬һߣҶͻʩչϲֱ֣֮Ӹץ˻
ղŻİٶˣת֮䣬һҡ
ϧҶ㲻վ©֮㣬ΪߵԽԽ࣬бƣ˺һӴܡ
ϲ֣֮
ɱǶ٣ҶҪĴ֪ԺԼ³Ǿ
һ˳ȥ׷״ɽ磬һһʮĴݳȥ
ƵҶصɽʱɽ綼𵴣һ֮Ĵ
ǽԺϹ壬徻ɣԼɽׯȵȣǵĵӶҶ
޴һɨʮ˱ץס˷ߣħħץסһͱϲ֮ɨС
ֻм©֮㣬ɹȥƴӴԺҲҳˡ
һ󣬱ץסļʮȫΪѪˮӲ֮
϶֫б۶ѻɽܶ˱նֱ֮ʧȥжĿűСɱ
ħڳ˾֮ɫҪҶɳҪħ壬ħĩա
ֲпɱֶΣ֮ƣûκεĳɣǰսյ蹦
˵ˣӵӣղŻİٶˣת֮䣬ֻʣϹ㼸˻ڿ֧ˡ
ΪˮѹƲסˣ硣
ˮϢħҪˣ֪Ϣħͣס塣
ˮѾͻƵ˼ǼбѹƾƷ磬һ¡
ʮŭȥˮѾͻƵ硣
ＫȲƽ⣬ԭˮ绹ǣ˵ˮʲǸ߳٣ƻҪһزͻơ
˭֪Ŷ̶ʱ䣬ͻˣϢʮޣҲ˵ˮȹ˾磬ﵽһƷڡ
ʦ֣վһ󼴿ɣɱǣʦֳ֣
Ҷ֣ʣЩˣСףɱ벻ɱ岻ıˣǾͷˡ
ʦܣһܶԸ𣿡
ˮǵģűʬ壬֪޷ˣֱһ˳
µ˭Ҳ޷ֹֻ˳䷢չȥ
ʦַģСѣ
ҶֱӼսȦˮ˳ȥȽгҲ׷׽սմȾѪ
űʬ壬ЩţЩ֮
Ϊңϴֻܶ˶Ƚг
Ϲʹ廨룬ŮɢһǳѲ
ʹһ˳ǹߵǸ·ӣҲһ֡
徻ɵˣȻʹõǳ
ʹõһӣĵܵһʲôʱװһεģ
˫ȭռİȭʩչ쾡¡
֣ǧһһƷԽɱǳҶһԣܷսʤ֡
Ҷɵһ˸ǽ
Ҷ˵ţû쵽նɱĴڣҲֻԱѡ
Сףҿһˣ
ҶһкС׸ˣСƤ񣬱мȭҲû¡
񣬰ҿסģ
һߵϸ·ӣһߵǰ·ӣ߱ʽܿĵĽ
˵˸գճһеʱ򣬿ԺɨһУ߱ʽָҵʽ
ֵһ̣ħһ֪ΪʲôǾͬѰ
ϧҶûмϢֻһͨħѣʵֱħʼ
ˣҶѹʱᣬͿڳʱԸϹпˡ
Ȼ֮䣡
ҶһֻĶǣ֮Уɱ¾֮ϰ˱ʩչ˲Ϻˡ
ʹ죡
ҶԽսԽ£ǱȫһƥҰǣֱײκβҶ㡣
Ϲ廨룬ʮѲüβҶ㣬뷨̫죬ʧѾõ߾롣
߾Ӧ˵ˣֻҪһΣͻһˡ
ˡˡһˡˡ˵ȵȣ˵֮У壬ֱȽĴ
ҺҶ죬űܿ߾룬ÿһζԼ壬ǳΣա
ҪսʤϹ㣬ҪֲſԣܾԸϹһˡ

Ҷʩչ˴ܵľ˲˱仯ͬһȪֶ£ɫĸı̬
֮ˣӴԺ󣬱壬Լ׵˶նɱ
пղܣʵҪϹͣڵϣҲϹ㡣
дӡ
ҶԿճ֣ƫƫߣ޴ӡȻ£ޱȡ
ɨǧ
ǰ׹ţӦ죬ܿһɨǧҶĺɨ
ߣС
Ҷһ䣬Ĺ¶һĻߣһֵĽǶȣ˱׵ĳͷ֮ϡ
ֻ
ҶʩչֻΪնɱǣ˼ɲôˣֻֻ˲նɱ
¡
ӸͻȻһŻȻӰȴ͸޾Ĳɣ
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˲ʶ˲ҪѾˣ˭֪ҶУʵֻһУɱУڸ
ϧȵ׵ʱһжˣѹ֮ڼҶĿƣֻ֮ųѹ
Ϲ㻹пշ׷׳֣ҪһˣҲͶһΣա
ʱûʲô֣֮ΨһĿ꣬ǻ뿪Ϲ˵
˵ʱǰλɱҶ㣬λ뿪
꣡
ֻ֮ˣܸκεĻᣬնɱһлնɱʣˡ
˵Ŀ֮£ֻ֮һ䵽ϣǵԽԽŨ


1687 ë
Ŀ֮£ֻ֮բһѹһ⣬δڵϲϵ䶯
һ֣⿾ˣ
һˣ⣬˵Ҷ㵱˿⣬ħ󰮡
ʹ͸ˣ
ֱӱԵԼԶЩħ壬ֱˮǻûгԹ⡣
һץһɣɴħ編򣬳⵽ڲϢͻȻǣ߱ʽԽԽƵĲˡ
һ֮ҶѹûʲôѹˣԸϹմ´ࡣ

Ҷ˷ָ׼һơ
һһγƬʧȥϣֻҪǼɡ
峤ֱ룬Ҷڿյǰޱȣ֮⣬ƽӽˡ

һɺϢ֣֮Ҷ֮ס˿գ޷ҶĿơ
ͫӰ
þûʩչۣ֮һ䣬Ҷڿյǰһε쫷ˡ
͡
ޱȹȵڴǰյƺʲôиһƬƬѪԼ
ˮ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫʲô⣬Ϊο·ƾճ֣յֻʣһǼܡ
ղŻһˣգۼĹֻʣһԴһͺͺĹǼܡ
һ߱⣡
һɺˣֱӽձԭأһα񣬶ֻʣ¹Ǽܵıʮֹ졣
ƽϹ϶¶һ˿֮ɫֶΣ졣
˸㣬ĵܵܿҲҵӶжˡ
ҶͻȻյյǰС˵˭Ҳ֪˵ʲôǿˡ
ҪУȴտҲʲôҲв
һʴĻ꺣ʱ䣬
֮ǰͻƺ޾Թϧй
ҪУҶѪ⣬ҪʶҶסԪֻܴԹޣܵȥˡ
ղŻˣת֮䣬ֻʣˣҲڿ֧š
ոյȭȻƫƫƵޣСҶĥķǳǿÿ춼ɾι
ɽ磬ҲֻҶݳޣС״Сʼÿ춼ôԴ
𽥣СռϷ磬ҶһЩ似С׵Ŀռո۴С
ҲòȥϢѹסὣ֮أ߱ʽ󿪴ϣ׽ıƵء
ʣһϹ㣬Ҳòȥ˿գҶ˫ɱ⣬Ϲ
һж֯ģһ뿪롣
Ϲ㣬ɣ
ֳɱ¾֮䣬ʩչԴһһϹ㷴Ļᣬ߾ǿ󣬶֮Ҷ˵Ƕġ
˾תղ˭ҲҶ㣬ˮҲ⣬ʱ׼Ҷ㡣
˭֪սһۣĽҶɹնɱˣһ֮ӡ
һ֮ǰǻͬһϣȴ
бϹһˣϹˣϿ϶ʲôûжó
ҶҲʱС⻯Ǿ鷳ˡ
ʵҶˣ⻯̫󣬶ұǷʦƣôֻɫ˭ơ
ţƳ⻯ָҶһõöѹˮ¶֮ɫ
и
һȣи֮ˣɨȥϹٴɳȥһһҶ׵ѹ
ţû˱Ҷ츳ߣԪܳԽҶ㣬ȷ˭
ϹȻţҶǰһϲģֻʵʵĿͷġ
߾£
ϹͻȻʩչ˾ɱ߾£ʮŸɵ󷨣ҶΧÿһ붼ޱȹ죬˷ʤҪСĶܡ
ʦСģ߾°أǧҪС
ˮϹ㽻֣֪߾µҶСģһУ϶ᱻһˡ
С룡
ҶȻô˵ûֹͣӿٶȣʩչϲ֣֮һɨһöö뾹ȻҶץ
ʦϲ֣֮ûдڸǣȻڸСʦܣʦĺϲСʦܡ
Щӷᣬʦʮˣûдϲ֣֮ȴڸҶ㡣
ʦڸǣǵСʦһ£ϲ֣֮꣬ȻֻӰͨ似
Ƚûм֮ɫϲ֮һֱûв򵽸磬ҶȣȻԶ
ˮγģҲϲ֣֮ҲҶ㣬޷裬ǷȱЩʲô
ö뱻ҶץƵ߾¡
֮֮
ϲ֮ҶֱһҶٿأö룬ųƷΣޱȣȻҪϹʩչĻҪ졣
ΪҶ˷ٶȣӳ֮ϣۿٶȣϹ塣
ͣ
Ѫ֣Ϲ÷Լ룬Լһֳ衣
봩ǰأ͸󱳣ٴη˳ȥһֱԶһ棬ֹͣ
ɱ¾
Ҷ㲻˷ʮָΪڿռ֮ϣγһ޴ӣϹԭأ޷
ҶԽսԽ£Ϲ֪ԼذɣսʤҶˣһˮһ
Ȼ֮䣬Ϲһ˼ľٶջԼ߾룬ȥۣҶһϹҪʲô
Ϲ㣬㲻ҵĶ֣Ҳ·
Ҷ㻹СΪϹϳأƺһҶ㲻֪˻Ůˡ
Ҷ䳰ȷϹ޶ԣ·ܿ㣬¶׵Ƥ
˵ϹƤܺãŮһǳϸ壬һЩŮ˼Ҫʡ
ҶʮָҪϹʱ򣬹һĻˣϹһ仯Ȼīɫ
ܿ϶ˣ£ɫһëһǳѿ
ϣ
Ҷʮָµʱ򣬾ȻϵϹͻȻޱǿ˵ǹĳ̶ȡ
ҶʮָڼƷȴ޷ƿϹ壬Ͳͨ
Ϲë
ˮʶ㣬˳ɽ֣˵ʧѾãȻϹõ
˵ûë
ϹҲˣһҰޣɳƣ޵ϢŹ֮
и࣬ʳһöɫĹӣȫӲ޷Ϊ˻ֶأָɣë
ȻָˣȻʮֽӲұüӲգκα޷֮ն
Ժëһ죬ӡ
Ҷüͷһ壬̽˼£޷ƿϹ塣


1688 ʽ
Ǵɱ¾ǴиϹϣֻһɫӡǣ޷ƿڲ֮ˡ
Ҷ㣬ƿҵķڣ
ϹʮͬҰëı˵һЩ٣˷ˣ
ǿѣһ֪ʲô޼᲻֮
ҶЦһղ̽˼£ëȻǿ󣬲Ҳߡ
ñҶ۾ʱϹ۾ҸµʱҲѡֱ
пµȵȣЩߣõԼȽҪƿҲѡ

ҶøϴסϹ㣬ߣ취֮ɱ
¡
ԶͻȻ¡һСһƺɣѪڱƴϣСס
Ҳ࣬˺ۣ߱ʽԽԽǿóɱﵣȻֵĽŲʤܼܿ
Ϲ屻ѹ֮ϵɫԽԽŨ岻ϵ֮ͣܵٵȻѺۡ

ҶҪϹ㵱һӣĳԼĵ⣬һֵܻ塣
׵ϹϣĻ𻨣ϹֻǺٺЦ˼
һ䣬ȻҶǰ׵֮޷
һȭ
ϹһȭҶޱȣǿ˼ٱȭҲ˼ʮ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ȭӭӣʱ䣬ȭͷײһͬһ㣬޾ˣԻ̬ƣܲϵƽ
֮Ǵʯ飬ȫ𣬻Ϊһس
䣡
Ҷڵ̤һĽŲȻϹ˳ȥ֪ղϹжôǿ
ɫ죬ҶܿƽϢԼţ¶һ˿֮ɫëȻѲ
ǿĳ棬ƿһƷˡ
Ҷ㱻ԼɣϹϵЦԽԽŨٴδ̤ѹҶ㣬ϣһȭ֮
ҪҶǿȽǳǣղһȭѾҪ
ռǲˣ
Ҷﰵ˵ǰҪԸĲһ򵥵һࡣ
ڻۣҶ߾ɱȻǿҶ׼ԭʼİ취һȱڡ
նɱ֮صҶ棬ߺһɱˡ
ն
ԷǿᣬҶ㲻ɵĸƴԼٽһ
ǿˣٶȾʹۿۣԲҶ㣬ֱֻߣܶĶʮֻ
ӡݺݵ£Ϲζܣ޷ܿӡĹͬһĶϹϿա
ģ
ӡݺݵնϹϣһɲĢƣͻȻֳǳĿɲ
޾ķܽϢԶħˣ˼Ҷ㻹Ϲ㡣
ǿɲ֮ȫԸпܸƴõİ취ˡ
һһˮһԣҲ磬ħ֣ˮ϶ԴС
ʧϹֱϳһİӡܳʱ䶼ϣëҲʱơ
ҼֵʱԽãȻҲڼñԪһά似ʱ޿̣кľһ̡
Ҷħ֮УдԪֻһ֮еԪ͵õ˻ָ
ٳһ
ʽ
Ҷ㲻˷ٴοһεϹ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫҶһ̥Զ򲻰ܵս
ˣղϹһȭѻ֣ܶƫƫҶû£ڵãѹƵϹûκηĻᡣ
䣡
죬ӡϺˮϹ屻Ʒɳȥа׾롣
ûʱ˼ϹӵΪҶιѾˣһαһο죬Ϲ˼άҪ·ˡ
ʽ
߱ʽһʩչһһУͣٶһαһο졣
Ϲվӡһ޴ʯݺݵֱϣҶǳ֣ÿһιѡͬһطĿľǽ֮ն
ϣ
һײٴγ֣ϹƷɳȥȻҽ˵ϡ
ұԼһ˿ѪˣΣ޸ͬһطһɽҲҶ㻯Ϊ촷ۡ
ǰƷɣҲҶ㻯ΪĩƫƫϹֻܵˡ
ʽ
Ϲ廹δվ޸ֱӽҽ˵嶼ˣΪϳһʮĴӣϹ档
һ䣬Ϲص˵ϣͷɢֻʣһ̿ǿڵϰ㣬ұѪ߰ߣĴιұѾѺۡ
ҶԵܿϹұڷɫʿʼȶ
ʽ
ʽˣԶˮȽˣľˣ֮⣬һЩûߣĬĬĿһС
Ҷ㲻ϵǿĸӡնɱϹʱЩ˳ĬˣҺøղӵüʱȻѾһʬ塣
Ҳһֱûв룬ڰңҺøղһֱԶۿҪǿⲻҲ³
Ϲ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫʼʣµӳұ֮ϣܸҶƿĻᡣ
һƿһȱڣ϶һʰëȻơ
ΪţҶʵվޣ߱ʽҲԶʩչȥֻҪڼһᣬܿʤϣ
飡
ϧ뷨̫ˣʽµһ̣ұͻȻһ˺ѷεʹ࣬·ֱնһ㡣
ʹʮǧұ֮ϣѪܣһɼǵ˿ڳˣϧұۻûбжϡ
ҶɱˣΪʽˡ
ʽ
һʽϹңһʽǰʽܺͣؿʼ٣ռ䷨һѿܲסһεĹ
ķӡΪһʣӡǡ
Ϲûʱ䷴ˣĿŷӡ£ֱնұϣĵʹ࣬ܿ͸Ϲ棬ֱĻ꺣
꣡
һֱ۵ֹͷи֣ʮ̶ִ˸оݷᣬħҲ⡣
Ϊֱ۷ǳʵҶһ޷֮նϣһݣϵи˺ѷεʹ࣬Ϲֱ˹ȥ
ˮž֮ɫҶ㣬ԼڶҶ㣬мʤ㣬֪Ҳ֪
ʮСʦֲ̫ˣֲһ˿ͷ
ҶԸ񣬿϶еûʹóҶģһˣΪһ
ȱʧұۣϹȻһЦɫҺѪעϹҲһָղŻīɫ壬һ㰵ȥɫҺ壬֧
ɱҶûмʩչ߱ʽΪĿѾﵽ
ԶСҲսС׵ʱܽȥ


1689 Ϊ
սָƽ˳Ϲ֮⣬ȫ
һ򶼱С׸ɵˣֻʣһǡ
Ҷ㣬׼Ϲŭɣ
ϹͻȻЦһԼɱҲԸҶ
Ϲһε˳ȥϹѾ֪ͨԼļ塣
Ϲǧ겻ţħս϶ưոݡ
һҵսˣҶ֮⣬˱ɬûбɱģˮˣ鶼ڡ
Ϊ֪г꼴ɱôˣĴŻм壬϶ưոݡ
ССţֻǿһֵܲܵɽΧһδ֪ʵﶼףҶͱһ¨ӡ
Ҷ㲻ڣӺɷӦг𱨳ԹԹܶΪ˹͵ϡ
һսɱ˼ˣĴָҶˮ˿ЦѣҶκʱ򣬶ȡԴ
ǿɲͻ˺ܿȻѹҶߵϷκεԴ
ʦ֣ǻȥɣ
ħսѾûдȥıҪˣ˲أûжˣҲ𲻵ãսħʡ
ҶɺҪսʤħʣһξ룬ҪﵽƷɡ
󾳽Խսǳ֮ѣϼѡ
СҶƾԽǲܣѾشκһιǻԵġ
һˣΧʮ˵ע֮£뿪ħս
ڰ·ϣҶ壬Ժ϶õˮûйʣÿ˶Լܡ
ħԥ˺ܾãվ˶ҶɱΪŵζҶħ塣
ƾһҶ㣬вһˮȫһħԺлᣬȥһɽ磬ܻܲɱҶ㣬
һ·֮ϣ˵ĻȽ٣ˮȻɽʮˡ
⼸·飬ҲһӶڷһΣ̫̼ˣǵ顣
Ҷ˵ǹݰˣڷ绹򣬶飬ѾϰΪ
ҪϵǰҪκεĿ飬ΪһۣıԼĳԣ޸ԼĿġ
˵׷һ趨ˣҪֱǰȥΪĳһˣĳһ飬ȥı䡣
֮ڵִɽ磬ûκεͣһʱš
ħսô飬Ҫһʱ֪ͨʦ׼
Ĵһ𣬿ʦôţȫֵԡ
֪ԼͽܻׯƵ飬ٻĸӡ
ˮͻƵ磬ׯЦ˻ҲûôĹˣӴħս֮ׯԼӣҪϸ
˱ֵĶܲȽгǣ׷״ﵽ˰벽ĳ̶ȣҶҲƷ츳ţٮٮˡ
ʦħսһ顣
ˮȻﵽׯȻʮأеĴһ٣ǰء
Ϊûʦ࣬ûǵĽ죬ʦ͹ȥľҩͼֵ
ʲô飿
ׯʵѾˣĸӻ֮󣬲û˷֮ɫ϶ʲô飬ֻûʼˡ
ˮóһżڴ룬ܿħսֳ
ħ壬¼ڵڣҶһնˣһһֳ
ׯǾƷǲһȻսȤؼôţҶ
ׯ֮󣬳ĬãҶϴ˼ƺﶷ
ţ϶ϧһɳһ̡
Ҷ㣬϶Ĵ򣬻ὫƵ˷˼ϣп⵽š
һѵ⣬ׯһ֮ţ벢δ¶
ǳڵ壬ʦͽ֮飬ׯûɽҶͳȥƲϵһˣׯһӶ޷̧ͷԼͽӡ
ˣΨһİ취ǽ⡣
ȻȥȲҪй¶ȥ֪̫ͨϳϣ׼
ʱׯûʱˣȻȥϢԼȥ취
ʦܣ㲻ѹʦһа취ģϾŴ꣬϶Щ̡
ˮҶҪѹ׵
лʦֹģʦ֪ô
ҶĬĬת뿪ˣصѪ壬ֽԪ٣
ԼԪ϶֣һʮ⣬ƴĳؼʱڣԲûг֡
ص֮õԺӣѾҳѪˣûһӣܶཨòûеӼ룬ѪҪΪһɽˡ
˿̵ɽ磬ӿħսһһյϢļ壬ţ׷״ŭټųϣ׼ַš
һССţȻȻɽ磬ֱд
Щûвţһֵı飬Ҳ׷׳׼һα
һƽڣŶޱȼžеӶҪڹ棬κ˲Υ
ɽַĸоŷԲֺܶİӰӣܶ˶ˡ
ϿգһӰĩռһ㣬еӶۣʲô顣
в͸ǽħսǰ컹֪飬ЩӵķзѾš
Ҷ㣬һ¾ڸҿڽˡ
˿ʼŭҶǵĻһʱ䣬ȻҪţ꼰ء
˳ĵӣûһվ˵Ĭǵ˳Ҳóλᣬһδϴ
ų̫ãڳĬڳĬб
˳ĵԽԽ̶࣬죬ǧ˳ˣԭŵӼһҲˣ⻹кܶ۵ӡ
ż죬˳ʮ֮һҪȥԼҪɢˡ
һҶ㶼֪ĴԺϷŹһ˿һĻᣬԼʵ㹻ǿ󣬻ںɽ˵Ŀ
վ˰µĴǶмˣһɫĸ֣ǳĿɲ
Ʒ˼ˣһƷƷһˣɾǲ
ƺƵһ𿿽ţƣɽδֹĴĸ֣һַͬһš
ǼĹңҲܲס֣ȻעҪûõʷ֮С
ôңԶĴţƷָ˼λϹŶ֮⣬ׯнԪ
ΪħԪϣͻƵ硣
˼ʱ䣬Ԫںδ֪ô飬˶ˣΨûг֡
ţҶʦͽǲ
Ϲ壬Ϲ㻹ϹͶҶ


1690 ȺΧɽ
Ͽԭܶ־ᶨҡڲŵӣ̬
Ҫţ
̶̼ʱ䣬ǧţһƬң˭ôǿߣһһҺûš
ںܶҪˣ뿪Ϊϲߡ
һӱܱȰһǧ
µһߣׯɫֹ࣬ЩˣҲֱնɱµӡ
ڻԸ˳ģҾǿ
żǧ˺ƺƵ뿪ׯʱͻȻ˵ÿһ䣬һ
ʣµ˷׷׿һۣ־ᶨ֮ΪһΣҡԼģҲţһܻΪġ
ѣǾ
ܶͬغûţûǽ죬սЭ
ׯĵ˵ͷЩ˳ĵӣһ̤ţ뿪עǵ˸ǿʧ֮ۡ
ϹףСʲôׯڴˣɲǺΪ
ׯֱӷɵ֮ϣϹ׾룬˿á
ׯ㻹߳Ͻıͽܣȫ˵ŭ𣬻ţҪɽ
ϹϹϹ׵ĶӣҶһôʵȥ
ɽ֮ϣҶ㾲վԭأˮס߳ȥ
һ뿪϶⵽ɱʦһ֮޷ֵ
Цڲɽ㣬ʲôʱֵϹ˵ˡ
ׯЦһŴڼǵ˭һ仰š
ׯͷڤ粻飬ôǰһ㽻ɱ֣ҲǻῼǷŹţҪִԲݹǲˡ
徻ɵվ˳Ҳһɱ⣬ׯֿǻˣһš
ܿ죬ȣڣɽׯɽׯ׹󣬺Ժ˷׷׳֡
кܶţʤмǧңɽĹŻˡ
ô֣ȷŵʸ˵ҲǿջڲɳʮӰӣϲ
λħսѾ֪ˣµ֮ÿ춼ڷΪŵĵɱŵӣַҼҵˣһͳ֣ǻ˹ء
̫ϳ˳ҶɱׯѾϸĸ˽͡
Ҷûͱˡ
ɽϣֻһȽ϶ѡ
ҲеţѵžҪַ˼ңȻ˵ȥ
֮ԴĵַҶ㣬ǿҶ츳ϣҶɳȥһɳԿɲ֮
ȻѾҪҶ㻹δ󣬽֮նɱһȵͻƵЩſ϶ɱ
ҵǸʱҶɰ裬ĳ˭ҲҲŪãҶǶǲܡ
Ϊ˽ΪڣҪնɱҶ㣬ɱҡ֮С
һǱڵĵˣһµĶ֣ڿҲ꣬ڳˣҪҶ㡣
µ֮ϹЦ
֮ɱ𣿡
ħɱһһħսٶˣ֪ôֲ
ҪһҲͰˣ⼸˶һٮٮߣºܶƲӡ
һҲãһǧҲգǶźδ֮С
һ̫ϳ߳ûҪɱҶ㣬кһ
˭ǽ͵Ļᣬɽͷ˶ˣĿľնɱҶ㣬˭˵
ȷжƫ֣ҪȻܣһʵ˵ɽ磬ǳпᣬǿʳ
Ŵʹһˣʮʱ䣬Ҷ֣飬ǿԼ̣޹ģǲɱ޹
Ͼţͣڳ֮ҲҶɱģһ˸һᡣ
ַŽҶ㣬ȻҪ̤ƽ
ҪǲϽ϶᲻һдۣȻնɱˣҲϧ
֣ѩޣ
֣ѩޣ
ܶ˿ʼߺʩѹЩ˲ϵǰܿƽϿգٲҪˡ
Ҷɫһȫһ죬Ҷɱȥý̤ˣȫԼĽ¡
ɱ⣬ˮ˻һҶϵɱ̫Ũˣγʵʡ
һҶзģһ죬̤ȥո˵ꡣ
ûеԣףĿ
ħսҶһУΪȥ˲ңҲ˵ԭ
Ҷʮ֮ͽΪûҶɡ
ʮԵȻǲϽݹˣ
Ϲһȣ߳ܶˣǴĸ֣һкŵ˷׷׳ôˣһϣѹš
ԶĻʼҲˣɫۣʼԸͷҶйأһγ֡
׼ӭս
ׯһȣ˻ţ˲俪
һĹֳˣţһֱǱںɽ̤޸ܵΣ˳š
һʱ䣬Ŵúûǰ⵽ūۣŵ˶𾴡
ѣܹ͵
Һһ֣š
Ϲһȣһ˳ȥʵɱˣôĺ䶯ЩȫһĿ紫ԣҶӵ
һöԴһţҲܱ⣬Ϊν壬顣
ɱɾѣȻɽ磬˵꣬ǼǰҲֹ
䣡
ֵڹ棬һ񳱣Ʒһ֣Ժ졣
תгϸԹλ֧Żɽ󣬾Ƶ
һƿ룬ҵ϶һ
һҶ㾲Ŀڹؼʱ̣ûзԼݶҶסˡ
˭Ҷж˭гҶεļ
ΣͷŲκһӣţˡ
Щҡڲ˶뿪ˣʣµľӢĴڣԸŹ
ŵһ̣Ǿˣ׷ţΪһѣԡ
һδεĳԽԽɾѻȥΪάִת
ˮҲĬˣ˭뵽鵽ⲽء
ಣ
ҶͻȻΪһǣ˳ȥΪţϣ޹ΪԼ
ס֣ǲҪɱҾеһжģûκεĹϵ
Ҷ嵽Եһŭò˶Ĥ飬Ҷ㼸ʵȻˣԸƴˡ


1691 ȻȻ
ҶˣΪ󷨵ԭҶ㲢δǸˣҶҵͷڹꡣ
Ҷ֣ܶ¶ЦǵĿľɱҶ㣬رţҪɱҶ㡣
ڻ֮УʯһˣϵʧпܱҶõ紫ԣҶӵ
Ȼôô˵׷ɱһССİƷɣ⼸ɽʷ
ֹͣ˳֣ҶˣǵĿľɱҶ㣬
Ҷ㣬ɺ֣Ҫǳȥɣ
ϳˣҶ㻹ǱȽϲģֹҶ㣬ȥ
ϣ֪ĺ⣬ҲˣҶ𣬾ӦҽԸ޹һɥ
ҶԴǵ˵
ⲻһ˵飬ȻŵӣǾŵ飬Ӧųе
㣬컻ɱˣҲһӣڹ棬Ǽһ쿪ʼžǵػ񣬲Ϊһνѣκˡ
ϵܴ󣬴ÿһ䣬еܸж
ЩˣƵƵͷһǿҪģֻҪһᣬ϶ڼ̵ʱ֮ڣѸٷչ
һ޳Щ棬ģֻҪȹһأ͸ŵĽһƬׯ
ϵˣŶ֮ûлᣬһл֮
Ҷ㳯˾һģͷϷҶʲôɲֵøжأ
ֳһƬĬȻôǶԻǴΪһҶ㣬Υ⣬¡
ڿȻɱһ죬ҶҲɱȥͲˣֻһһ
Ҷ㣬֪ȥĺʲô𣿡
ҶȥѾϻϣҶúõĿһ£һȥͻ⵽ǧ׷ɱ

ҶͻȻЦЦļ߰ĿۼһϣΪηЦ
ֺλк棬ΥĵĻţһͷкҶ¶أӲηǿȨǵɽ𺣣Ҳüĺң֮Ҷ㷢ģضնɱˡ
Ҷ㾹Ȼȫ˵棬ģÿһ䣬ϧģضڳˡ
ݼ飬˵ĺøУʵҶħսҶԭܺߡ
ЩüҶⷬһɱҶ㣬£ɱǵȽҶɱȥ
һ⣬ɱǲɱ
Ҷһ˲Ůķģɽ磬̫ȱҶѪȺˡ
һƬݣȭҲû뵽ᵽһҶȫµˡ
ǻţԼˣһǶصӺһӢۣһۡ
ҪΪӢۣҪǧʬǣһһӡ۷塣
ҪΪۣҪɱһѪ··ҪΪ̵棬Ҷշģǵʬǣ̵Լĵ·
˶ˣҶǿֵþ塣
˶׷ɱԵȻ϶ﲨ
Ҷޱ飬һ˿
ڷ磬ҶΪУһΪģ˴ţһƽ硣
ɽΣԴһ϶ѣһ죬ҶҲ̤κˡ
ʦ󷨣ҳȥ
Ҷ㿴һׯľһлһչˣûׯҲô̵ʱ֮ڣ˳̶ȡ
ǺαءׯŲһΣҶǰһɬ
Щ飬˾ҪȥеҲ޹ұóеΡ
ҶĻʵȴϣ޹ҶҪܼѹΪھ֮С
ԪһӣھεУ޷԰Σ꼸䣬ҪҶ㴫Ŀھڻһģ
ҪǼԼҶһᱳصѹҶԼȥе
У˭Ҳܳȥػڣ˭Ҳ޷
ׯ֪ҶʲôԼһӢۣŴΪʦԼͽܳȥ
ˮ˷׷׷˹ҪػҶ㣬ҶԼһ˷ģиͬͬ
ʦܣɱȥҲһɱȥԼһˡ
ˮҶȻͻƵˮûһ˿֮ɫͬҶһҲϧ
ʦ˵Ĳ˵иͬͬԼһȥ
ǻȽ׷վҪսҲһսΪħսҲһݡ
վҶʮָж飬ֵҶȥػ
лʦֵĺ⣬Ȼˣʦֵˣһţ
ҶûǣڲҪ˵ĻѣҶҲ岻ݴǵվʦֵ֮顣
ţ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ͽգ뻮һ˶Ҫţ
ܵˮ˵Ӱ죬ǶҲкĸ飬ѣӦվ
ǧˣͻȻҶվͬһսϣͬ
ϹɫѿȻһȺϳˡ
ȻԼҾͳȫǡ
Ϲһȣһ֣
㴫֮ң
ûд򿪣ׯǰװ׵ƿŵȥаɡ
Ҷҧأѣһȥ϶š
վҶߵԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࣬ݱŵ˶վڴԵֻҪһƣɱȥ
ݣ̫ϳ϶΢΢ݣų̫ˣҲһһĻᡣ
ֻҪȹ˽ѹأŽһɳ졣
ӶţЩϹŶʲô׷վ˳׼ӭС
ʼζôһ֣졣
󣬻ǷʲõģԵֵһǽ죬Ҫزסˡ
öɾȼգҲҪάִתܼһһ֣Ҳת
䣡
һҵıҵҡһ£һЩطʼֹơ
᧿Σ֧Ų˶ˣԴά֣ⲿѹ̫ǿˡ
һ𣬿ˡ
ııġ
ôٴγ֣ԶռƵƵΪһˣոɫ࣬ԼĶ羹ȻҶǱһɱ
һһĹܶطƿʼò˼ʱ䣬ͻѡ
ׯΪľڵģ
ŸһᣬҲԸҶһ˳Ϲ׺ϣúõĥҶ㣬ƫƫׯ
죬κ鶼ڡ
ׯɫȻ鵽һѾ޷ͷעҪ
ȻˣǾ˶ȥɣ
ɽ磬Ҳ𣬶پŶûʷĳ֮С
¡
Ȼѣŵػڱˡ


1692 
Ŀ֮£ŵػѣĹƣһѿ
ʧȥ˴ű©ڴҵ֮УϹ¶֮ɫҪ˺Ҷ㡣
ׯŸ֮գ
Ϲ״ˣһҶͻȻΪһߣֱӷ˳ȥ
֮£Ӧһ˳еģҪɱɱҰɣ
Ҷһվ׼ĹҲԸˡ
С֣ΪҲɱ𣡡
Ϲ׾ҪɱҶ㣬һץͻȻҶץ˹ȥ׼Ϊǿ
Ҳˣһ֣Ҷ㣬ΪǴ˷ĿģץҶ㣬
һֱ֣˺ѿռ䣬һֳֻֻҶǰΪǿ
ׯѱס޷ֵˣʮο
Ҷ㾲վԭأûзΪ֪˿̲ԼηǶģеĵƣҲı䲻˴˿̵ˡ
˫ۣӭ٣һĻĻͷӳڣ˿ѵҪ
ķסҶ㣬һֻֻֿʼ壬ǿ˺֮Ҷķѡ
Ϲ׿Ҫֵʱ򣬴ͻȻɢһɾϢ·ضˡ
һɫֱֱʣžһǿѹ֮֡
䡭
ҶΧȫɳȥܶ־Ȼƾըܲסǿѹ֮
ֵˣҶ㴦ģȴȻһƷɳȥ
Ϣ
˷һϢѵڲɡ
ҪɱѪˣҪһأ
һĳˣһӰվڳ֮ϣǿϢҰ
˾ˣտˣɽûгֹˣû뵽ǽĿɡ
Ԫ
˷󾪺ѪĽԪħ֮ʹɱµ٣䣬һ߻ħ
ôͻƵ磬ⲻܣҲ˵ȥ
һйֻнԪԼˣҶǵķħɱĳͻ߳ɹںϡ
ںϵһ̣ҲǽԪͻƵ
Ҷǰħսʱ䣬Ԫ͸оͻƵڱչذ꣬˳ͻƵ
ԭͿھƷ꣬ڵõͷţ˳
Ҷ㻺˫ۣЩţƺξһ㣬ղѾ˱֮ģû뵽Ԫˡ
һǿ̬֣Ҷ㶼ȥݺݵڣ⽹Ԫ̫ˡ
ΪĤݵĿ⣬ܾƷǿǰһĴڡ
ǰ
̫ϳ϶ʮֹƺԪΪǰ
Ϊ߲һˣɽ緶룬ѾΪ
Ԫ˵ͷѾˣԪ޾ɱ⡣
źδ֮УҪĴһַ
Ԫʮ䣬ЩƷȻǷ˴ĺһ˵ˡ
ɽ磬ǿϣҶԭûһ𣬲ַţųȻ˰ƣҪڶȥ˵Ŀ϶ǡ
ǰҶСħսɱǼˣڶôʵȥ
ϹϼŤˣϾҪɱҶˣȻܳһԪ
˺ܶ𣿡
ʮʱ뿪Ȼһɱˣ
ԪɲׯţҪɱˣ˭Ҳ޷
ȻԪһ䣬Ѿ˿ʼˣһŭʬ˭ҵǲ⵽š
Ϲɫǳѿ뿪ûлɱҶˣҪǲ뿪ﲻ
򣬹δ꣬˿Զҡ
ԶЩŵĵڵϺޣǲ뿪˿Ҳŵĵӡ
˲ΪɽһĴš
Щ֮⣬򣬾УҲ׳֡
ˣڼᶨһЩ˿Ҳҫĸ˵ŵӡ
ڲͬǱˣһӶȥ⵽ȫ˵ĳЦ

ʮһԪһӣϹ׵ֱӱƷɳȥԪûɱˣ
һ̾ϢȻҺΣǿߣ̾׷ת뿪
ɽҪˣ૵˵һ䣬Ųʵı飬뿪
ղŻǺƺƵˣת֮ߵһɶ֮ǰЩ˿ҶܸӣҶʲôĴڣɽôȻ޷ɱƺڤڤ֮Ужػһ㡣
ٺſʼ˭뵽ɱתϲľûмĵ
ǰŽô
ׯˣǳƺ֣Ϊǰʮء
飬Ҳ֮£СҴˣ
Ԫȥŵ飬Ҳɢˣ䷱ˡ
һץҶһʧˡ
ׯЦѣԼͽܣȻԼҪģ֪ԼʧְˣԼ̵Ĳá
صѪ壬ԪҶӵ˵ϣ¡
лǰ֮
ҶվӣԪľһǿߣӦܵأǶǿߵľη
ôΣҲںһΡ
ԪƲƲ죬ҶǰûôϽջϵơ
ǰΪθղŲֻɱǣ
Ҷʮֺ棬ΪԪӦóֽѵѵǣɱһӰ٣ԺǾͻʵʵˡ
ҲͻƲãϢǺȣǿгأƾ绹Ҫ䣬Զ磬ǧҪἰҪչؼʱ䣬ڱˡ
Ԫ˵ʵԭǿгأ¾绹ûȹŪþ绹ȥ
Ϊ˾Ҷ㣬ԪĻᣬݴ£ҶĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰǺαصġ
ҶҲ̾ϢһԼǷԪ̫ˣȻԺлͻҲǼ֮ҲǼʮ꣬Ҳһ
Ԫ֮壬ΪԺСͲ׵̤㣬ſ԰ķչꡣ
ܲ磬ΪƪķˣѭȻͻˣԺҲľҡ
ԪΪ⣬һж⡣
Ҷ㴺Ĺʵ
ʱ֮и˽Ԫһķȴ˺üξ֮
ãһ˵ڱչأ׼ͻƾ磡
ҶҲǽ֮ˣ֪е
Ԫ뿪ˣҶһˣɽ֮ϣ紵Ҷþ޷ƽ
ԪԾԼһΣΣΣվǳ֮ƣΨһİ취ʵ
αչأ֪ʲôʱܳأԽˣҪҶԼƿˡ
ȻĿŵ׷ɱԼǰﻹǿԵģԪʱʱ̿Լߡ
һжʵ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫܿһɨգ̤֮·
֪ǿ򣬶̶һʱ䣬Ҫţص㶼ҪѪ塣


1693 սڼ
Żָƽֵףÿյӵӿ쵽ˡ
ʱʮ壬Ȼɽţ˲Ը룬Ϊÿ궼˥䡣
ͬˣŲ˳𣬳Ҷţţ뻹ȴʱ
ϴ֮ѡϸ˺ܶ࿼ԵĵطԲȶĻˣٺãҲһɲ׼롣
ԭûѪյӣ˭֪ҶͻȻҵׯǽԪ˼ׯϢʮָˡ
֤Ԫ״ӸԼӰ֮˳Ǻ¡
ΪѪյӣׯʮϼѪ壬ϴΪԪ磬ܲ¡
ҶҲ˵ˣûش飬Ҫκ˲ôš
ҶĵλţȻҲˮǴߡ
ǰҾηҲΪĵӣڲͬˣӣɽ磬ҲֻҶһˡ
ѪյӣҶ԰ѹأҶ涨һ겻׼һˣÿɱӣǧˣٶˡ
ѪȻ޴󣬵ҶھƷ
һ̫࣬ôʱǣÿһЩѪγ˽ʽ
һǧˣγɲ˽͵ķչһǿ󣬱Ҫνϡ
յæµһµʱ䣬Ҷһ°츺գˮ˹æ
Ϲ¼ˣҶֻǸˣһЩǰŴˡ
ѪڻָһٶľÿһǾϸѡҽյӣҶѡ
ɽҲ˲ˣǰʧ˼ǧˣˣһࡣ
ϸĿƣʮ˶пܡ
ʦܣԺôģһֱǡ
ҶԺ棬ˮ˶ڣ»˸ҶȽϤҲᵽѪ塣
¾ҸԼսӣʱչأĵá
һսҶȫԸʱһ꣬ƵʣѾ̤ϰ벽ľ硣
п̤磬̵תƷ׻ͣѾǰļ䣬̲ܿ
һóʲô쵤ҩͻƵ磬Ҷ鷳ˡ
㰲ıչˣϴûʦѾƵҩȵҩһ԰ͻƵƷ硣
սԽԽׯõҶöԳ֮Ƶҩϣؼʱõ
Ҷ˵ͷ򲻵ѣҶ㲻ҩͻƾƷҪԼ⼸磬Ҷ㶼ͻƣûнԼͻƾ硣
ҺҶ㹻ĵ̣ڵľ粻ȵ
һӣɽƽƽ棬ƺڰӿ
ųϢһöذըɨɽ磬ŵĵλ˲Ϊһš
ʼڴ˿ȫսԭһЩϻò˿˳⵽ڡ
Ҳ̶һʱ䣬ŵʵķǳĿ¡
ܵҶӰ죬˷ͼǿϵǿѹ֮£׷ͻޡ
ҶһֱڱչأѪʮϴѾɵתƵȵԪصһ̣ῴһһѪ塣
ǰɽ壬ҲʼӰζưܵĽ޽һ£һ࣬ɽⶼʼ
֮ڣҶͷ󺹣ųüξƷδܳɹǰڻ۵̫ˣÿһͻƾ磬ǳļѡ
֮ͻƾ粻ˡ
Ҷ˼ͻƣ֮Уʱ䣬ǲУǾǷȱʲô
ȻˣǾȫ⣡
Ҷ֮Уʱһ죬һ£ʣһʱ䣬Ҷ֮Уȹʱ䡣
˿̵İ׻һҲǲƽڲҲ飬һξֻӮ䣬óԴӦ
ڲһʱ֮ڣڿ뵽˾Ʒ۷壬ֻһ硣
ԭ˵ľսɽ缫֪޷Ӿŵ֮˵ľƵ˷˼ϡ
һƽľɱҶ㣬Ԫ޷棬һɱҶľʱ
Ժܶĸȸ׼Ŀһɱ
ţײһ𣬾һ춯صĴսҲ֮Ľ
ԯɺ軹֣д˿Ҳۼһ𣬸ȸû뵽ʱһʱ䣬ֻΪһˣǾҶ㡣
һʱһζɽٴηڣΪҶƵֻаʱˡ
Ҷӷ֮˳һˮ˴УͬҶһǰ
Ҳ󣬷׷ҪУ£˷ǵҪһҶҲֻܿЦҡͷ
⼸ҲԼΣգ׼Լһͬ飬Ҷʮϧ
Σͷվ顣
ڳǰһ죬ӸˣҲҪУڻӵĵѾֲ֣ҶĹϵ֪
˺ЩȻ֮⣬˲ʲô
еĻׯϣ̫ϳϣŶҶǳӡ
ԪҶ㣬ЩθҲӡ
׼ôˣ
Ѫ壬һʮ󱲣룬ڵĺžƣһ˷֮ɫ
׼ˣ
شʵҲûɶ׼ģȥμһεս
ãǳ
ׯѾɽµˡ
ɽŴһ޴ĵ޳ˣҲһɵʱ䣬ԸҶϢռ䡣
Ҷȥǳ
ׯһ֣˶ȥׯ̫ϳǰ棬ֵܱˡ
ں棬˰͵ϮЩСıм䡣

ׯһ£ɵڿշֱΪһСڵ㣬ʧ
˿Ĵ򣬷׷˸ȸʱһĳأٴ
ʮһΣһ;һΣԭɽһɻ
֮Ҷһ˳ִ򣬻ϴξסĿջׯһǰͲúˡ
һ֮ǰǰסһ޴Ժӣһʱ䣬Ҷ֮аϢ֮ء
սһʱ䣬ǶʵʵĴҪȥ
ׯԸһ䣬Ƕ֮Ŵڷ˼֮ϣһҲٲ
Ȼ򣬱Ͼǿ߲ʱʱͬ
ʮ˲ҿԺϢҶʳӶӸаˣǺ
Ҷ磬Ҹ׼ϵҪҪƷһ¡
ŲϵҶ㻹ǰϣҶϢһڼ
лʦ㣡
Ҷʮֿվӣһ죬ҲЩˡ
Ҷ磬Ϊ׼˰ٻ裬硣
ӳˣҲһ裬ɢ㡣
ͬʱǰҶüͷһ壬漴¶Ц֮ɫ


1694 
ҲˣվǶĹ˺ܿĿԣŮȴԱ˴˴ŵ⡣
Զˮԭ֣һŲˮ˭֪һԴס
Ҷ磬ǲɽѩˮƣ񣬻ܰϴ
Լݵ˵Ҷǰվڻӵǰ档
ٻ֣ǧȪˮ࣬ʮ꿪²裬Ŀ׳ԪÿֻܽһҶɽ磬ֲٻ衣
ӲǻӣҲ޷ֲָ߼Ĳ֡
˭ҲãϣҶƷԼݳĲƷ
Ǹʦ֣˵ͻƾƷһЩĵҪ˵ʱ䣬ȥ㷿̸
Ҷ㳯ˮһۣʹһɫߺܿ⡣
ûսڼʦӦöƷ磬ͽȥ
ˮʮϣܿҶΧˣŮԴס
һ˿϶ˣҶϣȴθЦ
Ҷ뿪˺ݺݵĵһۣԻȥ˭Ҳá
߽ˮ䣬ǻйµЦǰ󷭣û뵽Ҷ㻹εһ档
ʦܣֱӽ˶ˣ򵥵顣
Ǵֵ˵Ҷֱӽ˶ˣôõŮø˱ˣֱ̫ϧˡ
ҶһͷߣԼѾˣڽܱˣ˭УԶˣһֱһľ롣
ԭҶѾˣϴŵ֮󣬺ᶨԼģ²ܸҶһҲҪȡһѡ
ǰʦܣԹŮӢۣ֪㲻ΪŮˣʵԷ˼չʳӣǸõȫͶ뵽֮С
ˮҲĳ˵һȽ˹ϵƺе
ҶħսͷˣȽˮϵһ㣬ߵıȽϽ
ʦֵĺʦܲףпԣȲҪȥ̸ˣĵǰİɡ
ҶЦһҡҡͷ˽ӳҶ̸˵ܱܽˣԭ⡣
һ궼̸ˣܻӵˣҲҪ˳֮ǵء
һ̸˺ܾãҶĵ뿪䣬صԼľľ
֪ܶҶӣӻкûйҶڳʱ侲
ɫһһ֮ԼڵˣȥĽ죬Ҷڻ֮Լõӣݡ
ׯ˽óһöƿҶ
򲻵ѣҪ̷öҩҩ̫һöʦֵˣһһö
ԳƳĵҩׯƳҩ̫ǿرһ䣬Ҷ׵ķá
лʦ
ҶӹҩСȴս֮󣬻ȥԽҩ֮ͻƾƷɡ
뿪ջֱ᳡ȥ˿̻᳡Ѿɽ˺м򣬱һ޴̨ǧ֮
Χ˴ˣҪȷμӵ˻Ҫ࣬ⳡȶȻôǰ
ҶǰȺԶóһ·Ϊ죬ǡ
֮ܶǳҶģСкرħսնɱˡ
ɽ׷ɱӣˣɽδ꣬
͵ˣһ£̵Ĵɫ棬̽ɽ֮ϣÿϣɫƸ걻濾кܴĹϵ
Ҷֱߵ̨֮ϣܸܵϴϢȻﵽ۷Ʒֱһսôס
ƣһ겻ûʧ
ӣңҶ˵
Ҳûʧ̶һʱ䣬Ʒɣ˰Ʒ
Ҷղμӷʱ򣬲Ʒɣڻͻƣȥһ꣬Ѿﵽ˰Ʒ
ƣƷ˾Ʒ۷壬ֻǿȼ츳һ۾ֱܷ
ʲôɽ絤ҩǧǧĵҩкܶ࣬óȻãԽٴмơ
ҶΪҶ϶ĳֵҩǿнٶȣ϶ͻƵ硣
̶̲ʱ䣬ɵɰƷȻǼǰĴۣҲ޷Ҷˡ
ڷɱ㣬һɱ㡣
ҶЦ⣬ĿΪ˱Ǳ丮ڽ丮߸ϧûĿá
Ǹˣ丮ǻһ֣֮ϧ㵱ʱѾˡ
Ҷ̯̯֣ϵĴ̼ƣδս˫ʼս
˫̸ûˣ˼򵥵Ľ棬ҶռϷ磬սϣҶεȳ
˭ϸʤһĽ棬ռơ
Ʋǻ˺ܾõϹˣֻ΢΢һ£ܿƽϢ
丮ж֪ȫȷʵҶɱ⣬ԡ
ǲҪɱң
㻹ԥʲô֡
Ҷ㲻ϵƣϵɱԽԽŨ򣬳һ˿ңҶ̼ĿĴﵽˡ
ƣҪ˼
ʱͻȻһߣҶĻﱻ˹ȥһ𣬲֪Լϵˡ
δսͱҶ˼ڽս֮УǳĲ
˷׷ҡͷǲ࣬һʼƾһϣҶ㡣
˿̣ᵽҶǿ󣬲츳ı㡣
ƻָҶ㲻Ϊ⣬ԼԼĻ϶һá
Ҷ㣬ҵĴ̼ûκεãһɱ㣬丮顣
ϣͻȻһɰǿ̨ͻȻ¡һһ㡣
Ʒ۷壬Ȼһ㣬ֱǳĿ¡
ƲҶ˵Ļᣬնɱ֣õڹͣκﶼǶģΨʵ
Ⱥ֮УվһȺصˣҶ϶ʶ
Сʦã벻ż꣬С̤ɽ磬˳ɾ͡
Լ°ͣҲһ֮ɫ
ԭҶֻ֣ͬͬնѣʢᣬ˭֪Ϥˡ
Ǽһ·Ҷ㣬ԭһƿɱҶ㣬ȴϹѩҶһ
Ҷ̤ɽ磬Ը񣬿϶ưոݡ
Ȼ츳ǸҶȣԶ
Сһɫ̼࣬ˣڷʱ򣬱Ҷ㴦ѹƣû뵽ɽ磬̶ʱ䣬Ҷֿʼѹǡ
죡
С䣬ΪƷɣҶ㣬϶Ƕ֣ҪɱҶ㣬Ҫ
ǿΣҶˣҪ
ϣ˰ɣ
ںγϣҶԼһûɱҶ㣬Щڡ
ҶгرԸһǼ϶ưոݡ


1695 ׼
̨֮ϣҶѾսһΪ˫ڷѾ֣Ա˴˶Ϥ
ֻǵҪǰǿƲȣǻ棬һƣ֮ơ
Ҷޱȣûһ㣬׵ڻ֮дͬһֻɶ꣬ҪǰĴ
䣡
˳ֵٶԽԽ죬ƵĻʩչ뾡£ǳǿ󣬳Ȼѽѹơ
дӡ
һö޴ӡǳˣҪ֮ǰǿ֮࣬ҶԵԽԽ̡
һЩкܴĹϵˮͻƵʱҶˮ⾳һ˿·
ڽЩ·뵽֮Уõ˲溬һ˿֮
Ĵƣֱ˺һѷ죬ܵĻܲסӡ֮ϵıѹ

һ䣬׷׾ۼΧγһѾ쳤һŭֱƵҶдӡ
˫սò˴񫣬ϵĽкã˭Ӯ˭䣬һľ
и
Ҷٴθıսһи֮ˣöݣռи֧顣
ڳ㼸ˣĴ۷ֶˣϹ˲ˣĿҶ
Ҳ˺ܶˣ徻ɣԺɽׯɽׯȵȣиǰ
ĿľǿҶ
ҶһδƷƵĵ⣬ҪɱҶ㣬ôס
Ӵи֮Ʋ˷仯һǿħˣΪһӰֳħҪɨ¡
ııġ
и֮ħֵסˣ׷ѿ۷ƷҶҪ֮սʤôףҪˡ
˳һγ˴Ʒ籩ǳĿɲͬһǿĹΣܲϵӿȥһЩʵµߣܲסǿĳ׷ױɳȥ
һ죬Ҷ˶ɳȥֱ̨࣬һ֣൱
ҶڶԷһ磬ܱƽƣѾǳˣ˿ľĶǡ
СӻĲ򵥣⻹ռʵҪʵħսɱôˡ
˿ʼҶħսɱôˣôܾʵ
ûһս϶ǳľʣϣǶóռʵ
ֵܿ˷׷Ħȭƣϣܴս֮УѧܶµĶǵľ磬кܴİ
Ҷ㣬Ȼûʧֵȫ֣
ϣӿȵղ˶
̫߹ԼˣɻǸ棬תڷҿɱǧٱ顣
Ҷ˲ҪԭɫջָҶһð̡
սҶԶԶʤֽսĸ꣬Ҷսá
ʦǲˡ
ˮ¶Ц֮ɫҶ㾭׵ľʹ̼˶֣
ȻǾǰ۷壬кԶһξ룬ӴԺɽҲûˡ
ǹõ֮٣Ͳˡ
ۺ룬˵ͷʮҶ㣬СȻͶ˵㣬޿ޡ
Ҷ㣬һšĲӣڳ꣬ļҹãܡ
Ʒȣϵı鼸ҪŤˡ
ĿԴ
ҶҲϵͻȻǣ˶ʵ
䣡
漴ֳ嵽һ𣬻֯·֮ϡ
Ҷ֮ϣͻȻһɫ磬ֱʮֵĿˣҲ
ǿˣ
ϹŶ׷¶֮ɫôǿˣƽԽɱˡ
ȭ
ʩչԼĵ⣬һͨǳǿʩչ˼£һȭ񷣬ᴩ硣
֪ܲ־磬Ǵﵽ˾Ʒܲ硣
ܵȭ磬Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬һΣƵǰٶޱȡ
ɱ¾ӳ֣
Ҷ˫һץΪ֮һΣ·Ҫһ㣬ѷ֣ҶʮָץǳĿ
ǡ
մһǵĿռƬˣ֮·Ƶȭ⻯ΣƣҶŰ
ȭ⣬Ҷ㲻Ϊ⣬ȻڼӳԼĴɱ¾ݺݵĳЩȭץ˹ȥ
͡
һȭⱻҶ׵˺ѣӳֺĴɱ¾Ӽֱ֮࣬ƾƷɾ
ղŻȭ⣬̶ʱ䣬Ҷ˺ѵһɶһԶԶûֹͣҶһս͸һһ
նɱ֣԰ݣɱ¾֮ӵħ⣬Ҫնɱ֣ƽϢȥ

ƿȭһ̣Ҷʩչ˴ʩչֵڲ֮ϡ
ԶЩ˷׷¶֮ɫܶ˶ûмҶ㣬ȻϤ
һ֪ҶȷһµĶ֣ƾôĵ⣬ͳ˺ܶϹŶ
ᣬ˳̶ȣôġ
ҪɱҶˣ˿̸еҪնɱҶ㣬ϧҶ㱳ǿߣǲҳֻ֣ܼơ
ȭʧһ̣ϻЩţܿ췢ԼʧȥҶټߵıǬǳ

һζҶʩչ˴ֱѹȥҪסơ
ȻʧȥҶټǶܵĸ֪ģǿѹµһ̣ƾ͸֪ˡ
ì
һöìʮֹŹ֣ìǳϸһö룬רƽһЩĵ
һֱӱìˣҶ㻹ǵһ
ƶһս׼ìǲƵıҪҶĴ
Ϊһսһʱƶ׼Ҷÿֵ⣬̵оֻ벻ƽ֮
ҶҲʶˣÿһιƺԣһʱ䣬󲿷ʱ䶼оԼ

Ҷٴθıսһ׵֣ǳĿɲ춼ףûȥ
ֵҲѷǿĵԿȻ޿κΡ
ܿ׵ĵ֮٣ûУΪ׵ǻ֮Դ
ƻ׼ͻȻðһ⣬ɫ۳˱仯Ȼ˷
Եֵ׵һֹԻ׵ƻĲ򵥡
Զҡͷѣƺ˽֣Ҷһֱûб仯׼Ϊ˷ֹһǰ
ǲ࣬Ҷ㱧űʤ֮ģо֣ΪҶƱ
Ϊڷ类ҶɱһΣӰ¶ⳡղǺܴԲڷϣ׼
Խ֤ԽӣԵġ
δսͳֵ֮ģߴɡ
ııġ
Ȼ·һЩ׼Ǳ׵ݺݵĻУֱӱƷɳȥһҶʵʵĹ˶֡


1696 ħ
һҶռϷ磬ΪҶĵǳǿҪ֮ǰü
վԶˮֻܿЦͬʱ䣬ȫҶôġ
ͬ似ͬĵ⣬̶ʱ䣬Ҷ㳹˦
ʦܻǸ̥ǵħսʱҲûǿ̶ʱ䣬ʦô졣
ǴԳҲ˼ֵ⣬ʱ䣬޽չ
ħսѹե֮󣬻صţٶȶŻ
ƸصкܴĹϵˣĲȫͶ뵽֮Уͻᵢ
Ҷ㣬ʱ̶Σǰͻᱻ˸ϳ
ıӲõģΨһİ취Լʵ
µһֱ̣ӱɳȥȻ»壬Ȼܲס׵֮
ΪҶ׵֮Ҫ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ƶҶ֪Ȼ֮ͣǰ
£Ҷ֮Уȹ˼֮ã⼸ʱ䣬Ҷ㲻ϵĲ⣬ıǵ̬оǵ
յһЩЧһЩⱻѹ֮ȷ
һӣǰô񱩣СҲˣøӾһᴿҶ㽫һЩĶɾˣµĶǾ
飡
һ׵ֱײƵؿڣ߱ɳȥֱӵ̨֮ϣ¶һ˿Ѫ
ʧˣֻ֧ʱ䣬ѾǼˣϾҶʩչ˺üֵ⡣
ϲ֣֮
Ҷûֹͣɱ
һ޴ƳˣԶׯ¶֮ɫϲֵ֮ʱ򣬵𣬲ŴﵽҶ̶ֳȣû뵽ҶɰƷʹﵽָ߶ȣֱǷ˼
ͻȻףѹƣҶҪһ
ƣɣ
ҶһȣЯɱ⣬ƽȫ֣գ¡¡ǳĿɲ
ûʱ˼ֱվðڻ棬ǷŭĹţһ̤ǰһ޴ͭӡ
ӣ
ͻȻһŭ˫ֲϵĻͭӣһɹˣܲϵĲһЩʵµߣܲסͭӵĳ׷ױѪ
ǿĳʼϯҶϲֵ֣֮ˣϲ֮һѿͭӾȻ֮ǿ
һ֮ôӴγһֵ⣬˲˵ֱ꣬ӽ
ԽԽǿγһΣһ㳯ɢܿͲҶ㡣
ΪһսƸ˺ܴŬƾͳ˺ü֣ղìǴӣǷǳĶ
ƶóģΪƻҶ㣬νɷѿġ
ˡ
ԽԽǿҶһˣȻܲס棬һ˿־Уѹ֮ǿ
˱ѹ
ȻԷ˼ƷҶҲֱӼ˰˱һɨΪһɽƷѹȥ
ǵ⽻棬ݱνǾ֮˿ʼкã˭Ӯ˭䣬ⳡսΪ䡣
˸ѹӵӰѹȥΪϿգơ
һ͸񷣬һ꣬ศɣڵֵ֮Ҳڲ֮
һ𣬸ɢռϷ磬һһǿϷ绢
ӵһСܿ컯ΪһŴ󺺣ֳִޣϵ죬ӦǴӵ飬ȻһԶžˡ
ܵԷı仯ҲʾͻȻΪһʣ漴һˣ˫ֺʮϵһĶ
ʲôô飬ںϵһЩ˼顣
ⲻ͸Ҷô˹Źֱֵδš
Сϲܰճȥ㣬һ̥ʲôϷ졣
ҲľˣΪҶϳκʱڣϡ棬Ϊ
һȥ棬Ȼôܲ⾳
ǧ磬壬ȻҲз磬ֻǺȥȻҪȥҲĴﵽ𣬲ȻȥˣҲǰװ
رǷ磬ɽ磬Ϊɽÿιȥǳŷ֬ȥģзֱǵȥ
Щ꣬˸ɽͨɽҪ磬ôףһ֣϶ҵնɱ
ȻҲһ磬޷ͼѪ֮壬ֺıЩ˵Ǻöɽ֡
Ҷ㲻ϵĽӡӵ𽥱ѹȥ΢΢ʮܣϢǳǿ༫ѵֵ
ۣ
һѪͶˣڱıƴϣҶʤһ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ӷ˳ȥƵһǶߵķݣٴκݺݵˤ̨ϡ
غϣҶȫѹķʽ׽Ʒ̨ϣһƬҰףǿվӣȥǵѪӡ
ƣʲôһóɣ㱾£δСˡ
ҶҲղŵ˸֮ѾǼˣڴ󼸷֣Ҷ㻹ѹƣŪҪ
Ҷ̼ɫ࣬һ׼ȻҶĶ֣޷ܣҲ⡣
ҶռݾԵϷ磬ҪɱҶˣ׷ҧгݣɱҶ㣬ҪңĻȥ
֧ҶģǷȲΪҶͣⳡսǿ˸
Ʒɣս벽ռݾԵϷ磬Ƶ߸ɽʶ
ϲּ֣֮Ҷ׼һƳʧɽ硣
һ죬ƽУһҪɵơ
ž޴ƣ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫƺĳ־ҪǲɱҶ㣬ľ
ϲ֮ԽԽ̨ϣͻȻ磬ǵһܹ
Ҷ̤˻ģͬ׼ոƵһһӡ𽥿
̵Ķˣⲻһ棬ŵ
ŵҲ¶֮ɫҪնɱҶ㣬ȥĽ죬⵽˻Եĳ衣
ʮӣһһԼųϵ
Ϊ˲Ҷ裬ֱնɱ޴档
죬ԭԽƣϴˢֳ裬û뵽鲻ô򵥣ҶȻԽսԽƱƵûк֮ء
ϲ֮һ£ֻҪȥƿ϶Ϊһ࣬Ĳ
ڴΪƱɵʱ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫӻóһöƿͻȻһöҩڵĵҩʮֹŹ֡
ħ
˷һʶöҩ¶֮ɫ
ħҶüͷ΢΢һ壬ƺҲʶֵҩ


1697 ƾ
óħֶҶüһִ̼Եҩ
ħں˺̼ܶԵҩһħͱ˺ħ
̷ȥ˲̼壬һ磬άʱޣһյҡ
һʧ·ǳصĺ֢ٽһΪնɱҶ㣬Ʒ˼ǰĽŲ
Ϊ֪첻̷ħĽԼ˵ˣΨڣʵġ
ħȻǿֻҪɱҶ㣬һжֵˣԺлᣬħҲһ˿
ûκεԥħƷȥ򲻵ѣ˭ҲֵҩΪֵҩȥ˺ǳĴ
ܽÿһѪⶼܴ̼޸̷֮ȥҲܱĴ󺺣֪ôֲ
ƴ˿̵ľ磬һ̷ħ˲磬ҶȻܻܰ벽мʤ㣿
˭Ҳ֪Ҷ㻹ܻܲܶ֡
Ȼ֮䣡
һɿɲϢɢȥһɨ̨Ҷϲ֣֮ڶα顣
ղһαӸˣһȫƵϢһǳĿɲ
ħֵҩһ˲׵ķãһȥܲס˲䱻ħеǱʡ
ֱӱһƤľȫ˺ħöҩԻ飬Ƶģ˲ˣħħ
ļµʼҶ㣬̨֮ϣͬĩսһ㣬ޱȵĿֲ
䣡
ɲֱӽҶɨɳȥؿǱһƴУѪͻȻȥҶ⵽ˡ
Ҷ㻹Ƕ֣̫ˣȫһȼ
𣡡
ͻȻһŭҰܿռ䲻ϵѿ̨֮ϣѷ졣
̨Ǿ⽨죬һԽ֮飬ƵƾԼϢ̨ҶΣˡ
ͻƣ¶˷֮ɫرϹ壬ţдɽׯɽׯ徻ɣڵȵȣǺ޲Ҷ㱻ƲϵԽͷ֮ޡ
ĵȻţһüͷ壬ƴﵽƴ˿ˮȥƵĶ֡
ΪƴﵽһƷ۷壬ϺħԿȶƷˡ
սѾûκεҶɣ˶ôΪġ
Ҷ㣬ڣԹԵĹǰڰɣ
ʱޣҲҵ̫ãֻһյʱ䣬ħɢ޸֮
ԱҪһյʱ֮ڣս
˵Ķˣرǻӣһ֮ɫ
һյʱ˵˵ҲˣһͿնɱɾһյʱ䣬ɱʮأҶ㵽ܼܲ
Ϊƾһöħɱ𣬼ֱǿЦ֮˵һħҩ
Ҷ¶ЦݣƺͻƵûжĲ˷ܡ
Ϊ⻹ǵһθ֣Ҷ˵һγɳĻᣬոʵս顣
ÿ֮ѣɣ
ҶĻѾ̼ˣΪ˿ֻһĿģնɱҶ㣬һж
ȭ
ﵽȭʮȭӰ֣ǵأһȭݱĸɽҶ
ܺޱߵȭ⣬Ҷɫޱأ˫ֿʼӡڻۣҪֵȻᱻȭ˺塣
дӡ
һööӡˣһǵأһҶ֣ҶҲͻȻˣҶþûе֮ˡ
˷׷¶֮ɫµҶ㻹ûжеҶģôܴ˻Ԫ
ⲻϳ߼ȷһ̳ӣֻװʮˮÿ˶һЩ˽̳ӼӸһЩװʮһʮ
Ҷ֣֣ΪҶװĲʮô򵥣һٽٽʮ
֮ϣ˵ĵ⿪ʼγʮֵľȭӡϵĽ֣ײĻ⡣
ııġ
ֱӱ򴩣Ƭ̨֮ϣѾѷ죬ƿҪܲסˣһЩطѾʼ̮
ѾӰӣֻ͸գܿˣҶ㲻ϵĳȻ޷Ƶķ
䣡
źһͻȻһѷ죬˴ѷ֮˳ָ̨
Ҷվ̨ԵҵĴϢղһ֣Ȼ֮Ȼ޷ֵƵȭ
ҶֻһЩˣ¶һ˿֮ɫ𣬸ղŵȭȫԻɱҶ㡣
˵⣬ۿЩγһ֮ɫţ֮£Ҷû
ʥ
Ҷһʥˣһ㵭ĹԽ˺ǳѸٵˡ
ע֮£ҶȫֱָǷ˼
Ȼôʥɽ磬ֻ徻ɵ˶ѵǴ徻ɵõģ
¶ɻ֮ɫʥһֱ徻գ˲Ҷɱ徻ɵˣѵ
ⲻܣ徻ɲ׼뿪ţǧǲܣҶɽɱЩ徻ɵˣѹ
ֻЩţʸִ֮
ʱѿĵȻ徻ˣһ¶֮ɫʥȻ˳ȥԺ徻ɵƣڡ
ǧڸײй¶ȥñŵϲ֣֮֮٣һź
ҶָɫԽԽѿȥɱҶˣʱ䣬ԽԽ١
ӣìȭ
ֱʩչֵ⣬һ֣ҪնɱҶ㣬ٸҶ㴭ϢĻˣ޸Ƶʱ䡣
¡¡
濪ʼ٣̨ȻԼ³ܴǵľʯһѿܲסγɵ
ҶɫͻȻޱ֣ʥȻԿ޸ƣⲻǳ֮ƣ˲նɱԼʩչȻ˭ҲȲԼ
ܼҶͻȻǰһ󲽣˫ֿʼӡֵƯҶΧ

и
ɱ¾
дӡ


Դ
ѹ
Ҷ˾׼һеĵƶչֳԼ֮⣬Ҷûκܿԡ
һҪԼׯ治ˣ棬̵Ҳ棬ǣҶ㲻ڱˡ
ĵ⣬˷Уֻصĵ⣬ǡ
رЩӶˣ޲ЩⶼԼϣ׵ĺɨͬ֡
˿ˣΪҶԽսΪ̫ĵ⡣


1698 ͻ
˿̣ˣΪҶԽս츳ôǿĵ⣬ƻκˣԽսˡ
ʮֵһҶ֮вģںϣǿǿһࡣ
ñ߱ʽں֮ƵնҪ֮ǰǿһ
顭
ռ䱻ȵѹĻ𻨣˸̻һ
ϣɢ޾ħħ𽥱ھޱһ䣬ͻȻҶķ
Ҷ㣬ɣ
һƽһƣҶ㲻ϵˣʮֵһ𣬻ǳܲס
ƿҶķ֮ƷЦҶԽԽ·𿴵Ҷ㱻Լ˺ѵӡ
ͬһħϵĳҶѹǲƣҶѾ޿ˣ˾
̫֮ˣҶﵽ˾Ʒɣƾܿˡ
Ҷ᧿Σׯ˷׷վһ֮ɫ
ζҶʮֲһյʱ䣬ŹȥһС룬Ҷ͵ֵסˡ
һö޴ħȳˣݺݵɨҶ㣬ƶҶĺޣһ̳׵ֳ
䣡
Ҷ㱻ˣֱӱ۾ֱӣһҶɣׯ˽ס˫ȭϣҶ㲻Ҫ¡
ź̨һƬ꣬ҲһʯˣʯҶ壬ʯѹ棬֪
ܼžһƬ˵һʩչ۷ʵƷڽҶС
Сˣ
һҺһ֮ǰ⵽Ҷ裬һ֮ڶ˳
ܴ󻶺ֻߣһϹűʹ֮ɫͻȻˣ޵滨ꡣ
ˮ¶֮ɫעƣһ죬ǻҶ㱨
Ҳвε̾ϢţˣЩϧ
ɳǰ;Բпܵ硣
һӢţʧ
Ҷ壬޶ֹͣˣ֪һ˿Ϣ
ЦˣЦĺܿģӷ絽ڣնԼħ
Ҷħÿÿҹʴ꣬ƳԲ£˯㣬ζεҶ㣬ΨһĶնɱҶ㡣
죬ˣֽҶɱеԹһ̾ĵõͷš
̵˿ʼףȻʧţնɱҶ㣬Ҳһҫ
̾ϢЦ֮УѾ˿ʼȥһҵսڽˡ
ûͬҶ㣬ҲûƸˣɽ磬ǳĲпᡣ
ʣµ飬Ҷʬˡ
һ뿪ղŻǼžĻ᳡ʮ֣ۣоղⳡս
ǡ
᳡룬ͻȻǵʯĦת뿪ˣ׷׶ס壬תӣ᳡ȥ
ҶϵʯɳȥҶϣɢһ޵Ϣһ㡣
һöҩҶϢԽԽǿׯ֮ǰ͸ĵҩ
ףͻȻҶΧɫʱһ䣬ղ֪ҶϢȫޣôͻȻֻˡ
ⲻܣ
ǿ󣬻¶֮ɫ
ҶϵϢ𽥻ָׯĶˣΪƲܸҶָʱ䣬϶Լħڣֱնɱ
ȻҶϢڿٻָûκԥ֣Ҷκλָʱ䡣
ҶƺҲ֪ΣΧгˣڲϵ
Ϊöҩ̷ȥ֮˲߽Ҷľ磬ֱƷɡ
Ҷ֪ˣԼǷȱһĴսڴҩ֮˲ͻƵƷ硣
ҵֵʱ䣡
ҶͻȻеϢȫָõҩϴʥָܿ
ˣֳɱʩչ߱ʽ
һʽһʽޱȣֻҪǣסʱ䣬Ҷȹ̾硣
ǡĦ޴۵߱ʽСôҲʩչ
ץˣҶôᶮĦ޴۵似ⲻܣȫ߸ǵۡ
ĴۣǴӵײһȥģǵ似ǵĵ⣬ļ¼Ժ֮У߱ʽʧ
ɽȻУҲֻУ޷ҵ汾ǳѣ򲻵ֻµơ
һ£ѣ޹⣬̨ͻȻһΪɱն߱ʽ衣
ѵĦ޴۵ĵӣ
ͻȻ骵˵һ䣬ΪҶĦ޴۵ĵӣŶ߱ʽ
ܣĦ޴ʧˣ˴˵֮е֮ţϣܻܻԪҶŶôĦ޴۵ĵӡ
Ͳ֪ˣĴǽ֮ûĦ޴һս𣬱ħȣӴʧ֮ŵģĦ޴һѡ
˺ܿͣ۾磬ǧǧ򣬳նɱ壬Ż
Ħ޴۱ħȣ֪紫ˣǲˣ˭Ҳ޴ӿ
߱ʽĳ֣ҶøأƺĴ۵Ӱӡ
ĴۣȪۣҶ˴ɱ¾Ȫ۲ĵһ
߱ʽĦ޴۵ĵͳƺһģӿ̳ġ
֮壬Ǽ̳۵ĴУȻҶô̫˼ˡ
ۣҶķһ;ȫȼۣҶõ۵ĴУ˵Ҷõ
һһ𣬲˺󱳶ʪ͸ˣѵҶĴִĲɣ
뷨ðһ̣˾һ亹ɱҶ㣬ǵĴۡ
Ȼʧˣ˭֪᲻ع飬Ҫǻع֪ԼӱɱҪɽ硣
ǺܿзˣҶĿãĴѹմߡ
ӷ絽ɽ磬˵һЩţɷͨ뷲磬ҶϢ
Ҷ㴩ɿ㿪ʼĴ۴δӴ˿㹦ܣǼ㲻
ѵɺ϶ѣҶɵõ߱ʽ֮
ܿһµϢ˳ȥڷ磬׷ɱҶ㣬׷ɱˣĦ޴Ѳ˵ĸϵϹѩ
ΨһĿܣҶĻԵǳĺãƵõĴ۵ĴУҪӶҶܼ̳꣬Ĵ۵дС
뵽¶Ŀ⣬׷׿Ҷ㣬ׯҲ֪ˣֻ¶θЦ
ֵܿʱ䣬ħֻ֧һյʱ䣬Ѿȥ˴룬ƵȲˡ
֮󣬴󲽳Ҷһβֵ֣ʩչȭΪһʵȭӰҶѹ
֮ϣͻȻһۣȭ£֪һȭôǿУҶⲻ˻³

Ȼ֮䣡
Ҷ֮ϣһɫҶ壬ҲΪһʣƵĹ˿֮С
ƣ˵ڷɱ㣬ɽ磬һҲɱ㡣
쳹ʮǧ


1699 ɱ
ﵽɾƷҶڳɹȻʱݣάնɱˡ
ͻƵƷʮöƷɾһöƷɾһǧöƷɾҶ㶼ʹˣϵԴǳҲǹһ㡣
˼ʮڵƷɾ֮⣬ƷƷмƷʣĲˣЩƷɾҶŷչɽׯõġ
Ȼôɾ޷Ҷ󣬾ħ֮еԪҲյĲˣҶ׼Ƶ塣
Ҫɵˣ϶ԼͻƴĿС
ŹҶһζǰһ£ʵ޻Ȼдӡ
ӡͨӡ
ҪҶʩչдӡǿʮֹҶͻƵ˾Ʒɣ죬ԼиǹƵơ
䣡
ӡ£ޱȣƳֵĻᡣ
ȵҪ֣ӡֱӽƷɳȥ׾룬ҽ˵ϡ
һƵͷ֮ϣһƣƽ棬ҶԽսԽ£Ƶڲϵˡ
˴ˣֱܷ˭ǿ˭ʱٵţһյʱ䣬ܿҪȥˡ
ҶϢԽԽǿܹϵıҶɽȥ׳ǿԪ
ϢøŨһβƵٴɳȥ޷ֵҶĽ

ҶͻȻʩչ˴һκݺݵѹȥƲʾҶɱì
գ
ҶϵˣԷ϶ƳԼĴ
ϲֺ֮׵ĳֱ֣һѶìɵΪҶ㡣
ֶ˭κζ˭Ҷӵоħ֮
ʧȥì޷ƿҶĴΪڿٵˣȻôܡ
ȻҶͻƵ˾ƷҪƣҲҪһֽţѹķʽ
и
Ҷʩչи˺֮ˣƵɫۣ˲䱻˺ķѣ֮ϣ˺ۡ
ҹ£
ҶͻȻһŭϸֱӽѹסˣ˫һ䣬Ƶ˵棬̨ϣ泯Ҷ㡣
ƣڻлҪ˵˵ڷնɱ㣬ɽ磬ҲҪ
Ҷ㷢һѪ޷ֵҶơ
ħڼٵʧһ֮ɫղԼɱҶˣΪĻ
ԽܣڣûмһƣҶ㳹׻Ϊҽ
ôݼʱ䣬Ҷ˹ͻƵ˾ƷɣǻΪ׽ԼܣϲתԽܡ
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
֪ħѾȥҶ϶ƹԼ
ϧ㿴ˣ
ɱ¾ˣָƵ棬ҶҪĺħδɢ֮ա
ֲԼͻ֮ĿС
Լһʧ뵽Ҷ棬ѣȴʲôҲ˹ȥ
̵ѷˣҪׯҲ׼һ˫һ֣϶ս
ҶҲֵˣͻȻƵķѣԪ뵽Ҷ档

һҶƱǺü֣ͻƾƷ֮󣬳ȹħҶ㻹Ѱ죬ʦ͸Լĵҩ̫ǿˣ
ܴһֵҩҶѹھ;ħԺͻʱڶ
ɱ֮ҶһΣɱģصׯߡ
ˮ˷׷ףһףҶսʤƣڶףҶͻƾƷɡ
ͻȻҶһԶȥӰǸղͶɱ⣬ⲻҪģҪɱҶ˲
Ϊ⼸ɱҶʮϤϤĲϤһɱ⣬ǲ㽫նɱ
Сô뿪𡣡
ҶͻȻһȴܴڳ˵Ķ˭Ҳʲô飬ׯһͷˮ
ҷ׷׳Ҷ㿴˹֪Ҷڸʲô
ת뿪ˣĿҶɱ̣֪˿ǲҶ֣¶񶾵֮ת뿪ⱻҶ㷢֡
Ҷ㣬û뵽ּˡ
СתӣȻܲԸô˵棬ҪҶ㣬Ȼᱻɽ糰Ц
˵ûּˣ벻ҽһԱ֮𡣡
Ҷ˵꣬˺ϣһɳɱҶϱ
һƣҪҶϹѩǿдһͨԼѾ˺
ΪĶ𣿡
Цһ֪֮еģҶ죬ڸ֣Ѱ·
ܴ֪ʲôʱ̣Ȼˣްɣһһ˶ϡ
һվˣ˵궼¸ǵ걻ߵˣӷֱӷɽ磬ȻһģҶ㵽һ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫ̫
ָҶ㣬ڲƷɣҶѾǾƷˣ̫࣬ôҶĶ֡
̫
ҶָָԼЩĪ
Ĵ˶ڴˣҵҪ˭̫֮ˡ
Ҷޱ䣬˳ΪһöҶֳ
Ŀע֮ϣŵ귢飬ɫ࣬ǷּȥѡţȴѹҶ㡣
ķչ¶֮ɫЩʹ޺ˡ
ûи˶ԹҶ㼰͵ɽ磬Ϊӣеҫǿڵġ
һжˣҶԼɽ磬δǴλᡣ
һĿڳϺ޲һˣǼȥ翪ɷͨԴȴ
Ҳ˳ɱһ񣬵Ϊֺ·ĿģһɶõһҶնɱ
ʥ̶һۣҶѹȺۣùھһսϹѩսľ춯أϧһƴݻҶǰ;
·תҶ㲻˼ʱѣ׷ˡ
ڣֿԣôõĻᣬȻǰװ׵Ķ͵ˣֱǶ˶ˡ
ŭڣɷͨôףʥ̶ǲл·
ûѡõӣŪɳ׾Ҷ㣬ԭڸҶûжٶԹǣСҶ϶ưոݡ
벻ɣô͵õ˱ӦǸˣھվҵսֻҪԼˣҹ
Ҷ㲻֣ׯҲã϶棬ڳܶ˶񣬲ĳС
ҪǺҶս˵
ɫһһƶˣȥҶһƾԼ


1700 δƻ
ҪǲȥҶ㵱ɽ˵棬ԼԺҲûڼˡ
Ҷ㣬ǿĲԣǼǸˣϣ㲻ҪھŲˡ
ڵĳʱվ˳棬϶²̨
úȥӦս
ǰװ𲻵κεãʧһˣҶ϶ưոݣҲŹ
ƲҶҸӣҲҸ̨¡
ҶΪˣþƷԼǸִѺǲҪǾʹ˽ҹҶ϶
һϺ꣬ԼݣСͷ
Ҷｫڵĳ˼ʮ飬ϻǴЦеı顣
ǰˣС֮飬ӦСȥûʲôֱӹϣǰҪΪ
ҶΪѵӣҪ˼ɿڳϵӣҪˡ
ׯҡҡͷҶһѲƷˣǾݣұŶԷ޿κΡ
ɣлᣬǿڣΪǸΣǰĶԹ̡
ڵĳϣѾòԸҶǸҪǴȥ϶䶯ɽ硣
Ʒźһɾȫһ
ֵҶΪˣԷ˵ϣԼͱˣԵԼЩСˣЩ˼ҵСӲš
ʵǵȷɱԼҶôʵȥ
ϣȻС飬ǾͲˣȸһӣʹ˽Σ˭ҲҲǻΪҲ˵˵ǲǣľͲҪˡ
ׯʱɿȼҶ˵ˣȸ˿ڵӣҲҶ˵ĶԹȷһš
ׯҶ˽⣬϶ŹǼˣƾԷһǸͽˣҶ϶Ӧ
ֲ֣ܳҲܷ˫óݣ໥Բ˵˵ȥС֮黹ڣ˫δ˺
̾ϢһѻҶ֮ĶԹˣԷȻӡ
ҶԹ˼ɶԷݣѿԷӣΪǰ
ׯãƽȵģһϱƻԭأ޻˵ˡ
ɽģˮǺڣ
ׯ˱һȭ漴뿪ûıҪˡ
һ֣ͶһΣգ뿪ΪصţͰȫˣϾнԪػ
ٴζݺݵĵһۺˣҪǼ˼ˡ
ǸһȥúõĽһ£굽׷ʲô顣
һ˦ӣһ뿪ˣˣһεĸ
һ·֮ϣ糾ͣκҪһҶ㣬д裬ǽׯܾˣٸϻš
Ƕ֮ׯǧҪ£ֻҪּ꣬ŵĵǿڼɵκˡ
ҴһصţҶصѪ壬ׯ˽ûҶ㲻뿪š
ʦ֮Ҷ㲻Ҳӣֻ¶Ц֮ɫҺ֮ǰֱϵˣԼǰȥɽǰԴ㱨
ʱһȥɽ𽥻ָƽҶϴʱ֮󣬻һֱչҶ㡣
ÿҲ֮£Ҷÿֻˮ˺ȾƣʵڲԸ֮Դס
飬ÿ춼ᱻˮ˴ȤҶǲȡ⣬ʱҲ˹ˣӾȻʮǢ
ΪֻҪһԴףҶ϶㿪ҪҶ㶼ѣԷԴףԼֵľˣѡȨҶ㡣
ƫƫҶûκεıʾԶʮܣһҪ˳
мΪѣΪԼҶ֮ĹϵϾʶġ
һ֮Ҷ㳹ȹ˾磬С˳ţСڣһ֮ǰСˣ˳ͻƵɾ
ȻҲǰһǸҶ㣬ѵѾЧڶСΪһһͻƵɾ
֪СǰҶƵеӦ꣬СѪ壬ûκ˶׼̤롣
ׯ
СʮֹĳҶʩһȻﵽɾǿҶľ硣
ؿ
Ҷ˰֣ʾСڲҪţϾϴҶݺݵһ٣Ǽֱ
ׯһ𣿡
Сڴ˴֣ҶҲǺܴ󣬶Щͯδĸо
ʰɣ
Ҷ˵ͷСҶ㿴õӣӺܺãԼɾͲ̫ͣСʮҳϣҶۿԷ
ׯʲô磿
СһΪһ죬׷ҶĲǼҶ֮СڷԼˣһشѹͿҶ㣬˵Ƚˡ
ܹҵľ磿
ҶζĿһСڣЩΪԼᣬЩСžҶܲΪԼѹסǡ
ׯϢŭֻǺѡ
ҶԽںСڲԽţϽʾԼ
֮УϽɣ
ҶϽҪܸԼˣһƨ棬ˡ
лׯ
СվҶղй¶һ˿˿Ϣֱӱ
ϸ¸ͻƵƷɣôش𣿡
ҶûԼϢҲģúõ
Ҷﵽ˾ƷɣСڻһѣǵô֮ǰҶ㲻ƷɣŲһʱ䣬Ҷ͵˾Ʒɡ
ԭСڻе⣬Լһʱ䣬ﵽɾڿҶȣֱһϣһ¡
ׯˡҸղð֮
СڷģױҶˣȰϢȥҲ̼ˣŬ
֮У
Ҷ΢΢һЦϱˣʱҶ÷ɵʱҲöָоһ˿ѹ
Сڳ˿ЦǿЦ
ׯǸׯҴģĿ
֪ҶľׯҵĳƺҲˣɱ˸ׯֱ˹ܼҡ
һģһ䣬ศɡ
ӹСڵݹϣҶʶһɨʮ⡣
̶̴꣬ɿ˺üǣһЩƫԶشڴʮˣʮʮʮʮȸȫλ
ֻи⣬ʮˣÿҪԴǳĿֲ֪ҪתһţҪԴǿɲ
ӴţԼĿԴԼĲҵÿÿ׬ȡԴάŵķչ
ǾɽׯûвҵеԴ룬ԴҶ㹩Ӧǳ֮ƣ϶Ӱɽׯķչ
һҶԴϣͻǵķչɽׯչһ⡣
ҶҪΪԺˣһҪԼĲҵڶҵڵҶһҲ޷֮ռ죬϶ᱻӶᡣ
Ψһİ취ȽҵȽϼ򵥣ӵпҪǿʵȥػſԡ
֪ˣ׼õĶûȥɣõԴ⣬һЩϸڣԺηչҶϸдˡ
ҶóһöָСڣȥɡ


1701 ɽׯ
ĿС뿪ҶĵĸȥôԴСڻ᲻⣬ֱӴЩԴ뿪
һ·ϷСʮֽҪʱˣСĳճǷȥҶʱų
ҶɱѾȥʱ䣬ڲׯҶԳȥǲ뿪
֪뿪ˣҶ㿪ĵڲÿˣڶͳճǸ
ɽׯһˣ֪ڷչΣǲǰԼĹ滮ڽС
ϴСڴߵͼ֪ɲõΡ
֮Ҷطճǣϴ뿪ӽһʱˣʮѵӽβˡ
һҶճǣֱɽׯȥڳд̫ãⱻʼڵ˷֡
ֻнҶӵԱ֮СΪ
̤ɽׯԶͿɽׯǰΧŲˣײƺɽׯ͵Ϯ
ΧΧŲٹۿˣشƫƧƽʱʱûʲô
լ֮ɲǿЦǰûסһʱ䣬˭֪ȥ꿪ʼ˰֮סһˣһֱû¡
˲˵ע⣬Ȼѹլʮֺ棬Ҫȥȴסˡ
˵˽˳أ뿪Ȼݹǲˣ
ĽɣѾһλߵϢɽׯľ
վʮŮȸ֮һδȫ˵ĵǶ©⡣
ӹʲô˽˳ػ˭ĳأӾҪȥ
㼸ʮˣһģǹ£ǰѹͲ֪һʲôɽׯһǲС
ɽ磬ܶСҪĲʳҪһЩĻ˰ֽš
Щ˹ƿ̣ҪɽׯռϾլѾʧˡ
ǰҲΪլͬˣլ٣ȻҪռΪС
ɫȻѵʮոմﵽɾˣԼҲƷɡ
ԷһǶʮˣһɫƷϣһ˴ﵽ˰Ʒɣʵɵĺɨɽׯ
ׯҪǆ£˭̤ׯҵĴ󵶡
һĿ˳Ӧǲнˣɫ·ʮ
£££ȸ¡
ԭһֵأÿⲻ裬ý·Щǵˣ󺺣֮˻
˵Ǵ󺺣ʮֻ꣬ǳñȽˣķǳĿֲҪ˸߳ӡ
ͻȰһᣡ
ɺȳһ䣬֪ͻԸңܵľЩˣԵ޹ʵܹң̡
ׯ˼Ҷ۸ˣ̲ȥˡ
ͻòи֮õԴ뾡һа취Ҳϧ׵ĶԼǰ̡
˷׷׸ͣ׼սսҲҪػɽׯ
ׯ棬ѾмʮҶСڴģʵ̫⹭һѡ񣬿͵Ϯá
磬Ⱥëӻ֪ǵīˣֱɱȥԺֵܼ֮
Ⱥһ׼֮ƽʱʱǿɱ°ӣճǳĳ
û⼸СӲֵܼ
νɻѡ˺üŮӣʮ֮УŮӣʷǳĺá
м˲㱻˼ԺɼðŽǾȳһ˾ɽׯ
ԷԵĴŮ¶˿˿ɱϧʵ̫ͣ޷֣ܶȻͳˡ
ʮˣһΧ򽪷ɵˣɱˡ
СڣסҸ˵Ļ𡣡
ͻȻСںȳһ䣬ڳˣֻС֪ҶںδɽׯС뿪ǼΪСڴһͨһʱ֪ͨҶ㣬ɽׯ˾ޱ䡣
סˣ
Сڼѵĵ˵ͷȻһͬΪɽׯԺķչ֪ͨҶ㡣
ĥĥˣһȭ
Ϊ׵Ӵʮ꣬ǣһͷ˲¹ͷҰǣЩ˲
ǰʵǿľǽɣֻҪʰ˽ɣʣµ˲Ϊ壬ǵһʱͳɳˡ
ǿƷɣԸƷȫһȼ
ҶվȺ֮УĿţûг֣һ飬ԺĿ飬᲻
ɽһǿʳ磬ˣһˣɽׯҪһ׼ӭκεս
򲻵ѣҶ֣üһǵʵһʱ䣬ĳɹΡ
ɲҴ⣬һΣ׼ζƷ潻֣Լռκεơ
ǽͷ֮ϣֱüͷ壬ֱһֱڿУֻҪһ£Щͻȥ
ûΣͷܶùЩԸһɻԣԸƷɣǲ
ģ
ܽζܣǱһȭУֱӵɳȥѪȾ˲񷡣
ݺݵˤڵϣ߼˸Ͻ
ׯû°ɣ
һʮŹ֮ɫ꣬ׯ࣬ǽĵλ
û£
ɼѵվǰһ޴ȭӡʮĿ
Ҹƴˣ
ͻ̲סˣֳִ󵶣ֱӳ˳ȥЩսһǼֱ̫
ɵ㣡
Ƕʮ˵УһСӣһߴһСȫּ¡
Сȴͻ߳ļȫһ޷ֲͬͻռݺܴơ
飡
СһƻͻҲɳȥһĻߣһͷԽ˵ϣѪ
ŭĿӣһ׼֡
СǣǳˣɱǣԺǵĵ̡
ǲԸīȥһ֣ʮһˣȫնɱռݾɽׯ
ʱ䣡
Щֵ˷׷˺üԸȥ˫˭˭ȥģֻׯ԰һ˶ѡ
䣡
ֱһ£ǽͷϵĹͻȻˣ͵Ϯһֱӱɳȥؿڳһ󶴡
⹭ǳǿ䴩һƷɣɱƷɣཫ֮ˡ
Ȼ
Ѫ̼ǵˣͬˣ¶׺ݵɱٴγ˹
һη䣬ϧһδ˷𲻵ʵԵã׵ıܿ
ЩԸһһƷɻԣԸȺ׺ˣֻΪ衣
Ĺܿ嵽ɽׯǰ׼¾
󣡡
ͻȻһ£ʮһ󷨣ʮм䡣
ҲֻǼ˼ʱ䣬󷨱һȭƵʮһƷɳȥÿ˶ܵص˺
˶ǿվվҲԸ⵹¡
ҶվԶĵ˵ͷ˳̶ȣûѡߣ֤ѡ˵ʱ˹Σûһ̰֮
ɣ
ǻе䵶һӲӺȥҪУԴͻҡ
԰ƷĹֵϱˣǶܲˡ
ͣ
䵶Ҫеʱһƺâˡ


1702 
˭ҲΪǾųǽɽׯµԡ
䵶£˺üΣģסˣǲ֮ǰһͷβų⵽ͬĳЦ
䵶µһ̣һƺâˡ
ͣ
е䵶â˳ȥΪһߣֱӲɽׯǽ֮ϣû뵶
˭
Ǿһ亹ƾһƺâԼ䵶Ǹ֣
ܾĵģû˵Щֵˣ໥һۣ˭ֵġ
ڳʵߵģҲƷɣûгֵ˼Ϊһɽׯǵ˲ʡ
ôһȫԲɱƷûԸðգųֺõ顣
ɵҲһɻ֮ɫرǸղӣ˫ۣʲôˣҪвӵ䵶ˡ
û
ϳãȻ֮ɫ֪ղŷʲô
Ӳˣ˭ڸ
ֳһ䵶ٴȥĿģݡ
ಣ
µһ̣âٴγֽ֣䵶ɳȥղһޡ
һδҶˣâǴӶ淢ģܿ˿ҶӰӡ
ȻסˣҶ㻺Ⱥ֮˳Ϊݣ˲ʶҶ㡣
˵ǣɶ״˭ΪҪ־ǡ
ѣϵģΪҪ¡
Ҷ˳ɫһ֣˽ҶΧм䣬׼һٻɱ
ֻǿǵΪѣ
Ҷ㵯˵ָϷŪĿǡ
ʲôҲܳǵ飬ǲǻĲͷˡ
׺ݹˣʲôûмҶ㿴Ҳʮ꣬ϲǰƷɾ硣
ôˣҶһ˲ɣ˽һɱˡ
ҵȷʲôɱЩǴ´ࡣ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ɱ¾֮ˣһɨͷ­ֱӷ˳ȥףҶ˵־ͳ֣ޱȡ
ɫ䣬ǼݵãҶ׺ݣǵһμ˵Ļᣬֱӽ֮նɱ
ԼֵܱҶɱˣǷһŭ
ɱ
ǵһȥҪնɱҶ㡣
ǹ׺ˣǸҶǿ
ʣ¼ʮһкһҶ㣬׼֮˺ѣϧǵ͹ҶʵƷɣҶһĴڡ
ûеԪҶĶʵ
䣡
Ҷȣʩչʵȭױȵٶȣÿһȭǵؿڡ
ꡭ
һ˳ס˶䣬ֹͷĲëȻ
ɽׯ˶׷¶֮ɫֱɱֶΣ̫ɲˣֻͻʮ˷ܣϲִ򶷷ʽ
ֱӣûκζʽһȭս
ղŻǶʮˣת֮䣬ֻʣԼЩ£Ҷ˹ͷ֪
ҲԶˣҶȻˣҪݺݵԺκ˶Եɽׯ¡
ԼĵֶҶնɱǻһ£оǶð
ʲôֶΣȫ߸֪Ҳ𣬲ſɱˡ
һҺһˣԶԸһɣԵѰ·ԹԵߡ
λǰղŶе£
ǲϵĵǸղޱȵı飬ȫˣһֻҰǣˣվӲ˵׷ɱ
ȻϴˣһᣬԲðɣҶ֡
Ҷ֣Ȼˣû뿪Ըˣɽׯôǵġ
ƺЩʲôҶоֹ֮䣬ϤӰӣڿҶ㳯Լʹһɫƺˡ
ҪԼԲãɫѿⲻ·һ
ǰһɣԺţĵǲ
ǾͲˣɲǴ껪ôˣһжûˡ
ҲҪʱҶ֡
ַɽׯΨ·һûأȻԺǸǰɧš
úݣ
ǲǺݽɫ֪Ҷ㲻ϷŹԼ䵶ȫҶ֣ϣܲһߵĻᡣ

֣Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫһɨֱӱƷɳȥȫҶγֵġ
ģ
ǵ屻ɨУֱӱɼңˤ˵ϣ֪
ֶΣЩֵ˶ˣֶΣѵɽׯ
ׯ
ǴɽׯӣվӣˣμҶ㡣
ȻɲμҶһ̣Щ˶ˣɽׯȷ
Ӳ˶ˣ׷뿪
ɽׯãϣϾֻаƴСɾκβҶ㣬ɽׯڷչһʱ䡣
ʰһ£ǽȥ˵
Ҷ㵭˵ǽ⼸ʮʬ崦һ£øΧ
һ֣ʮ˳Щʬ̧ߣܿ
ɽׯҪһǰйģɽԱ߼ԺӶ֮ͨһࡣ
ֱ֪Ҷǰ飬ټʮ׷׼ڴ֮С
ʮҶ֮⣬ʮʮʮȸûмҶ㣬ֻ֪һصׯ˭
жҶ¶ԭĿʮʲôѾҶ㣬СҲϢׯﵽ˾Ʒɡ
ǵһ֮ǰׯƷɣ̶һʱ䣬ĸ磬ֱǲ˼顣
ׯ
һǳ⣬ʮһ£ׯҶСǸղҶ֤Լʵ쵼ǡ
ɣ
Ҷһ֣˶վǳϽվԡ
ǵı֣ҷǳ⣬һ㣬ûǾı
ҶǱһ٣ǲıڲ£͵ı
ׯʾ
һʲôı֮£ɽׯ޷ǵˡ
Ҳ׷¶ɻ֮ɫҪ֪ƾʲôıܻǼˡ
ػ
Ҷ򵥵˵֡
ʮ˵ǣɶһͷˮֱǲԡ
ãȻı飬Ҷܲ³ǹҲǵһ飬Բ֪δ
ׯ㻹˵˰ɣ
СڵȲˣҶϽ˵
ƽʱʱʲô
Ҷ㳯Ƿʣƽʱġ
լ󷨣Ͼÿ첻ϵɱ
Сڽͣÿȷôġ
ׯ˼ǽɽׯ󷨲Ͼռݵƣ󷨾ǾƷɽѵֵ
һŮ˳ȸ֮һ
Ҷ˵ͷи׵ˣ󷨲ãȥ˼Ӳƴֿԡ
ôû뵽
һĴȣֻ뽫룬Ը̤ɽׯڲȴû뵽һнйŴ򹷡
ʮ׷׵ͷķɽׯڲĻأȻȫɱҲԱˣնɱʮˡ


1703 ħѵ
ҶһͣҶˣǷȻƲãȥƴԼóģǾ򣬿һɾ
ˣоգҲ˾ӣʵΨʵػԼļˣػԼˣػԼһִĻҵ
ҶϣͻȻɢһǿϢѹ˶޷̧ͷǲϵǰ
˶ܵ˸Ⱦڳÿˣܵ裬ҪҪҪʵһˡ
ĻᣬǵȻеҪʵմﵽɾԺɽ磬Ҳһĵλ
ׯҪã
Сվ˳ϴҶ죬ʵȫһ飬֪һҶܴá
һ£иأһ֮˭ܴﵽɾԶ뿪ɽׯ
һ֮ڣͻƵƷɣҶн
Ҷ㲼һɵһʱ䣬Ҫɾ硣
ĿǰʵߵҲСڣƷɣһ´ﵽƷܡ
󲿷ֶƷɵƷɣһƷҲҪһ´ﵽҶҪڴĿ꣬˷׷¶֮ɫ
ֻʮţҶһûֶΣֱδš
УȻׯѡλã˭ʵߣ쵼ߣʮСӣһ֮ѡ
Ҷ֪ȸΪʵʱûӣҶҪһ֮󣬴滮
ӣȻһһʱ䣬˶î˾λá
ˣڽɢѵ쿪ʼ
Ҷɢʮ׷뿪֮УֻʣҶɻֱˡ
ׯʲô磿
ɻֱʮֺ棬Ҷﵽʲô磬׵ôˡ
Ʒɣ
Ҷ㵭˵
һƷҲɱ
һ֮ɫҶ׳һըҶˮֹΣÿҶ㶼ռݾԵϷ硣
Ҳ˵ҶвɱһƷɵ
Ǹ̥
ɻֱѾˣһʱ䣬ǲϵŬ񽪷ҲƷɣֱƷɣΪѾ㹻ˡ
ڱҶȣһһ¡
ʵ˲ڵٶȣѾԽɽˣΨһҲҶѡ
ׯϴСڴļƻһ֮ǰʼʵʩˣĿ㿴һ¡
ֱóһ˵ҶЩҵûв룬ֻǸһ;Ժ˯ֱڴ
ֹȷҲﾡãɲʺϴЩֱˣһЩҵʮ˽⡣
֪ʲô׬Ǯʲô׬ǮҲ֪ʲôʲô
ӹ˵Ҷһɨĵ˵ͷҪԼԤƻҪãһ¾˹ģ
ЩҵǾͿԸˣȻЩѣֻǳ׶Σȹ⼸£Ӧ
ֱҵļֵԭо̵ǱϣнɲϵĶ٣Ҳ¡
ҵׯ¥ջЩ޹ؽҪĲҵ˵ӡ
ĳĻǺܴ󣬵ûˣ綼ᱻ˳ԵЩҵȻͣڰȫ
ԺʵǿˣȥµĲҵάɽׯķչ
ׯһԤõģǲӣʮʧǲ
ҲóһγȥѹΣ˲ٺӣϧҶֻҪʮˣЩϵʽ֮󣬵Ҷ
ܺãĲЩȵǲԱԺӿٳһյأΪԤۣԴһϣʤ̭
Ҷʮ⣬ҶʵҰҲԽԽҪ̲ɽ
ãȥ죡
ЩˣҲһʹõҶָʾ¶Ц⣬ڵط⣬ֻмʮˣһԺӱǡ
ϴСڴڵɾ㹻ɽׯչһʱ䡣
ⲻ֪Ҷϻмʮڣ㹻άɽׯչꡣ
Ҳ֮󣬾ɽׯһҶĿǰ̫죬ڷչޣ޷ˡ
Ҫ콫ǽˣƾԼһ˴»ǲ
Ҷ°ͣܶ˲ţϧǴԿ԰Լ
ʮ꣬һҪʮ֮ڣɽׯϹģʱ֮󣬿ֱӽɣԼ
֮УֻҶһˣɻֱȥæµˡ
ĿǰҪĻҵʺϵˣһɽׯϧ̫ˡ
Ҫǿ󣬻Ҫֵɽ粻ҡ
ɽׯڷչ׶Σ֪ĻԼһй¶ȥɽţ϶᲻һеĽ֮
ΪҶЩˣҪ߸ɽ磬Χŵȫµ
ڶɫһʮվԺ棬ȴҶѵ
ɻֱҲһĻᣬܵõҶԲ°빦
ԺΧʮľͰװˮ֪Ҫʲôá
μׯׯ
Ҷǰʮغ
ӽ쿪ʼҾǵĽ̹٣ûзֻзӣ˭ҪǼֲ뿪֪ͨңΪҲҪҪų򡣡
ҶϬɨһȦȴ˵顣
ǲǷǲų򣡡
ʮ뻮һغ̶ֳȣ˭Ҳһͷڹꡣ
ܺãǷ飬ǰһΪһ飬Իȸ
ҶҪһǵʵԵ޸ǵ似Ӷ𵽸õЧ
˷飬ʼսԺҲһ࣬ǰĽˣᵽԱߵԺ档
ѾԺݣ䳡ǳĴ󣬾㼸˶ɡ
Ҷһ£˲佻սһ𣬳ǳ׳ۣɾɾɶɡ
ҶĿסʮˣʱͷʱҡͷвĵط
ͣ
ҶͻȻһ䣬ֹͣսڣҲ𲻵κεЧ
ҪĲǴ򶷣ɱ
һɱҶɢ䳡
˶ܵҶɱɱһ̣˫ɺ죬Ҳɢɱ
ܿ죬Ҽսһ𣬳Ǽҡ
Ҳȥ
ҶһɨɻֱҲȥҪһ
ֵ֣ϱײǳļңҺҶﲼ󷨣Ȼ϶Ϊ淢ʲô¡
һʱȥˣ۵ˣҲܵˣ϶ҲʣǳǱ
ŮһҶͬĹԴ
ÿһʽڸʮƳһȦ
Ҷǲ׼ϢҲУҪեʲôÿһǱ
ȻҼԸǿվ׷ʽϵĵЩ˿ٴαûüϵѹե
ǵˣվųҲϺȡ


1704 Ĵ
˼ֲȥˣڵϲϵشϢѪȾʯ档
뱻裬ˣ͸ҲҪų򡣡
˵ڵҶ㷢һȣڵϵ˺Ƕʼоһֱĵס
˵壬ЩɾЩһЩɾЩֲסˡ
ײײһֱͣ˲һʽŮӣˮʪ͸ģԳ
ûˣȫ۵Ĵڴų
һ˸ʮʼΧԺܲ
ҶܸоǱʻûȫھҪѹե
׼õľ޴ʯÿһ鶼ǧңһЩЩģʼ𣬿ٵıܡ
ЩŮΪСôʯкܴѶȡ
Ҳһʮ
ҶָָɻֱΪԼûˣҶһ
һۣ¶Ц֮ɫҶһǵĺǵͷˣ϶ʮһҶĥȥ
һʱ˲һȦʱҵǱھ
ܶ˸оҪֲסʱҧҧֹȥ֮󣬷ִӹ֮Уһµ
Ǳ˵Ǳ޵ģͿôȥѹ
ֻмټûɣ۵ˣֱӻԹȥ

ҶһȣվҡҡλΡ
ľͰ棬һʱ
Ҷ˽ľͰɻֱҲ⣬ҶҪϴ裬ȥһЩ۹
ʮöҩ˳ȥľͰ棬ԭɼ׵ˮܿɻһƬŨŨҩζɢ
ԥ·ûѣֱ˽ȥһԴ档

ͻȻ˴һҽУʼ£ͻȻվҩԡղ˵ĵطǱһΡ
ȥ
Ҷһŭʹ඼ֲסûʸ׷Լ
һžҵʹ࣬ľͰ棬ö룬ǵڲʼʡ
һ˺ǵļ֯飬˺飬ʹ಻Զ
ܶ˷·˺üһĥȥ֪˻ǻģ˵
Сڽҧأ촽ҧˣǳܲס洫˺ѷεʹࡣ
ģҶûһ˿ҲôģҪٳɳҪܷһʹࡣ
ʱţ־ҵʹһʧȡ֮һ̹ڲϴһһ
ڲǰĽҩͨˣ꣬ޱ·һ꣬ϴɾǵ塣

ͻΪı뺷ֿǳǿʹ໹ʲôܿ͹ȥˡ
ʥ
ҶͻȻһ֣ʥˣÿһ˵ϣղ˵ĵطڿٵϣڲǱڵİõ޸
ʮȫ¶֮ɫʲôֶΣȻҪȶҩҪá
һգ۵Ĺƻָ˵õֱ˼顣
ˣȫȫ
ҩһҶȫһ
гţʼĿͻȻòʼٶȡ
˭ٶȿ죬϶ռƣ˭һɣ˭ҲãӿԼյٶȡ
Ҷڲ˼󷨣ӿٶȣԶɽһ㳯ƮھɽׯϿգա
תڽǵ壬ŨѾһɸѡһЩ˳ȥ
뵱꣬ҶôõеĶԼ
̣
ͻȻռһ궯Ҫͻˡ
֮Уͻƣ˳ӰƷɿƷɣǳĿ١
Ҳܵ˸ȾǼ˷׷׸о˳ͻƾ硣
Ҷ㾪ȵǣȸ֮һŮ˳ͻɾǿӰˡ
̶һʱ䣬ʮ˳ͻƾ磬ЩδͻƵģʼî˾ˣҲ뿪
Ϊǲڵһ죬һȣҪ׷
ҶҲûֹֻиŻջ
¡
ԺͻȻ¡һͻ˳ͻƾ磬ҲɾϣɢһͻϢ
˵ͻȾȹһͷޣѩףӦǰ׻һ壬ʹͼξѪ˽ɵȣ̷֮ӵһ˿׻Ѫ
ͻˣ
ͻ֮ͻ巢˾仯һ˿˿ͻ⾳ϳ֣ɹԼѪ
ȴﵽɾ֮ͻ壬û˴ﵽָ߶ȣѪԽԽϡ
ͻһѪٴξѣͻ̳˰׻һ츳ǳǿ
ɫҶ㽫ͻȸͻƵɾŮӽе˸ǰ
ջǳĴʮͻС磬ͻƴ󾳽磬˲⣬쵼
˼Ҷ㣬һΨҶͻСվһԣ㱻Ҷ
ûʧöҩȥ̷֮ȥȹǵľ硣
ͻƴ󾳽磬ĻҪʮ²ȹ̾磬Ҷ㲻ôõʱ䣬һ¸ﲻҶĿꡣ
һöҩ˲ȹ̾磬ԼҪ
лׯ
˷ܵĽӹҩʮֿģҲģһʱ䣬Ҫȫڹ̾ˣȷʵʡ
ؿ֪ǽʲô
ҶȻĴ˭ʲôûϤ
ҽжλׯҲܽɽׯ
Ů˵ˣжλҾƶ㱻¥ɽȳɽׯ
Ҷ˵ͷҶϸĽܣǵĵϸ¼
ͻץץԴ˵ʲôΪѣС󣬴ҶƺͻΪӴ״ͻö֮ͱˡ
Ǹׯʵڲ˼ҽʲôˣҶͻա
ͻһʮץһֶûУҲˡ
Ժͽͻͻĳν
Ҷ㲻Ϊ⣬ֻһ룬޹ؽҪ
Ƕȥɣץʱҩ
Ҷ˻֣ȥϽҩҪ̡
ߺ󣬽ƣ˽ѵһƤ
Ӳ
ЩͣΪˣɲ͵ˡ
ΪͻɽһȺɽ˴ɣЩɽ
λҲһΪ˾¥һ·⵽׷ɱ
ҪʷǳҲðա
Ĺͺܴ˲⣬ܳΪ쵼
Ҷ˵ͷͬ⽪ɵĹ۵㣬ͻȻ֣˼ܣçײ֮ˣԼǰ;
λҲһ̫ܵ裬δԭʲôˣͻȻ·תǱϧ
㲻˵һ֮˭쵼𣿡
ʮֺ棬Ҷ˵һ֮ĴѡͷĴ쵼ߡ


1705 ϴǵ
Щ棬ŵһ죬Ҷ͵춨˭쵼ߣѵҶ֪Ⱦ
ЩͿһһˡ
һ˽⣬ŵҶˣ˭Ǳж󣬽жĳɾͣһ
ɵ˵ͷͬҶĹ۵㣬Ȼʮڿ಻Ǻܴ󣬵ȵɾ϶ֳŵȡ
ҶڣЩ⣬ʲãҶԸı䣬ֻҪԼŬ϶ͷأﵽҲǲܡ
˼öҩɣֱϽȥҪ쵼ɽׯʵҲҪ
ҹҶһ˹վ֮ϣž޴ճǣԴͣϧɽׯ̫Сˣ޷뵽ճ֮С
ĳǣԺ̣ȵȣԲʤռݵģдҪᣬôס
ճǣһ죬ɽׯΪµͳߣ
Ҷƣһ죬ճǻᱻɽׯڽ£Դɽׯͳһ
ѵڼÿ춼ͻƣҲܵ˴̼ЩδͻƵϢʱ䣬Ϊ׷ǰˡ
һΰ¹ȥˣѾʮ˳ﵽɾ֮ǰ붼ġ
ֱ˳ƷɿƷһȼ
ѵԽԽпᣬҶ㼸飬ÿ춼ıҶ
Ҷָһ㣬ֻ˹ĥȥڶʮ֮˳ɾ
ʮɾ飬Կɲÿ춼ɱҶÿһ似Ҫɾǿ
ʮ׹⣬ͻһƣͻƵɶƷƷѹͻ
ͬǶƷɣѹͻĶֱ֣ӱһɨɣԽսˡ
ʮ죬ó˳̵񾳽ߵľСڣϾȼɽׯ˽ӽʱ䣬ѾﵽƷɡ
ҶҪֻһ̶̶࣬ʮʱ䣬ɶƷƷ
ٶȣŵǰ˭˭ֻ˵Լ
ˣУ洫ȵʵģΡ
ͻ֮ûκεĺ֢Ҷôĵҩֲôʥϴˢǵ
ʮ죬Ҷ˵ˣÿ˶ɾ˭ʮ죬ﵽƷɣһݴ͸
Ҷ˵ĴĴˣλﵽƷɣһ߻ᡣ
Сڣͻ˳ԼȸĶλʸ
֪ʮʱ䣬ȻΪĴ쵼ߣΪʵߣΪǿڡ
⣬ӦûСڸλ֮ΪСͻƣʱռơ
ʮ죬ƵһֱҲһѾ˸࣬һЩ̵飬ȫͶ뵽֮С
Ͼɽ绹ǿΪΨʵܿٽҰΨʵܳΪĿ
ʮʱ䣬ħѵһǿȣǰʮܺͣҪҶȥǡ
ԼԼϵǰʮʱ䣬Ҷ̫ľϲԣ˷ʮĻᡣ
һƴֱнɶ¶֮ɫûм
ӣŮ˿ûֻ֣һĿ꣬Ʒɡ
ΨдﵽƷɣܵõׯĶ⽱϶̫԰ǹ̸õĸ
ʱˮת۾͵һ֮ڣһ죬С֮ǰ˳ͻƵƷɡ
ʱ䣬СһȦȴĺá
λҲ֮ǰ˳ͻƵƷɡ
ͻͻƵƷɡ
˳һ˳ͻƵƷɡ
ͻ˳Ӧ˳˽УǲͻƲãڶ̶һ֮䣬ͻơ
˵λһ߻ᣬϾͻƷѾʱˣСʱ䡣
Сռƣʵǣﶼ
Ҷ֮ǰСѾǶƷɣĶλƷɡ
˱ü磬λںϡ
ĳɼɶ겻ѣԭΪСĴ֮еٮٮߣû뵽ȴһŮˡ
⣬һ֮󣬶λСھͻࡣ
˵ǣʮĲҲ
һҶûҪǿѵĵԼ
˭Խ࣬Ȼлͻƾ磬ǱѾҶ㳹ھھȥûпɿˡ
ҪԼȥ򣬲Խ࣬Խľиİ
ҶԺ˴©һ֣һţϷŹ
ھһ麣࣬ϵҶϵ֪ʶǵǷȱҪϵȥ䣬ԼĲ㡣
峿磬ٵƻ衣
һʱգۼȻû˳ͻƵƷɣһԿ϶ϵϢԲˡ
ǰһЩǣҶһĥƽʮҲҶ͵ˢ͡
ҶʧʮȻԺ棬Լľ֮С
ֱԺһϢڵڶʮһ賿˳ͻ˾硣
ϢȾˣ̶һ糿˿뵽Ʒɣһʱ䣬Ĵʵ͵ĶǶƷˡ
˫ۣҶʧĵطһƿڴƿԵһ
ͻƷɵĲǱˣСڣѹեǱ֮ڵõ˱
վ֪ȹһҹʱ䣬ׯʧˡ
򣬽ʶ͸˽ȥüͷ΢΢һ壬ΪҶ뿪ˣ棬ǽһЩ顣
Դ⣬Ѿֱɸѵɡ
Сڣ
һ֣Сڹ
ׯׯ
СûȥһദȻҶʮ飬ǴҶ֪ҶΪǺãΪ˸ĳͷء
һµջĿãûκεĸãÿ˶о
ׯģͻƵƷɣĽ
ɽƿСһĽ֮ɫҶµĶǷ
лׯ
СЩܳ˷ܵĽӹ˴ƿĴ׷ͶĽ顣
Сڣ򿪿ׯʲôö
˵Ȳˣׯһ֮ǰĹ涨˭Ҳ޷ģȴﵽƷɣ⽱
ĿˢˢľۼСϣɶ⣬Ҫ֪Ҷʲô
˵Ŀ֮£ССĴ򿪴ƿͻȻһŨŨɢԺӶ
ҩ㣬Ũҩζ
ǶùҶĵҩôŨĵҩζǵһŵ·̩ƮƮɵĸо
ƿĵҩһ˳ֱӻСڵġ
һöɫĵҩˣҩǴöҩɢġ
ϴǵ
һ¶֮ɫǽɣöҩǼƷɵֵԶ
ҶϵСڵһͻƵƷɣöҩ
ΪСڵĹЩ覴ãƤڣҶϵˣöϴǵСڵʲڶλˡ


1706 
ĵĵҩСˮһµĸڵõ˻ر
ǲɢˣϢ죬ɻ֮󣬽䷢ȥ
ɾûûҹҪȥһʶΪ
˸߲ҵ뿪ˣڿ뿪ɽׯȥˡ
֮Уɽֱ˿ʼ飬Ժɽׯչƻ
û뵽ׯһʱ֮ڣʵһ飬һô󷨣ԺɽׯʲôΣˡ
ղ䳡ɲδ˵Ҷ֮ǰ˵ʲôϾЩܵǵȥ˵
ĽɣҲ뵽˾Ʒɣֱﵽ˰Ʒֱ
û󷨵ػɽׯʱȫ֪ׯʲôʱ
ЩϧһδܼҶ㣬һޣҶһ춼û
ǰˣׯ֮ǰ˺üҪúһ¡
ҶķԸǾҪϸִС
ֱҲЦ֮ģϱ֣
Ҷ㣬Ѿ˶ĳҶ㣬Ҳнյĳɾ͡
׼öλŮӣһǰˮϾŮɣǰȥȽϷ㣬пܣׯ˼һˮ
Ҷ֮УϸĽܣ˭˽͡
ֱͷû˱ֱ˽⡣
Ҷ߿ò绨Ůӣˮ˴ߣѾȥüˣҶ϶ġ
ǱߣСǰȥ±ȽϽ
һʮ˾ְÿ˶ЩҪһɡ
Щ񼸸£Ҳ죬ͬΣճ̶һ
һҶ㶼֪ˣ뿪ճǣ׼صţһջǳĴ
ǵľ磬ԼҲǳϣ˺ܶԼĵطҲûȥֲЩȱ
صţֱѪ壬ӻص˻֮ţҶһʧһ£˭ﶼ뷨
ҲһҶЩԹˣⶼˣҶǲѡʮܡ
֪Ҷˮ˵һʱʱ򣬻Ƿ糾͡
ʦܣˣҪٲҾҪȥˡ
ˮʮֹСʦܣ֮󣬾ҶļҶһʧһ£˭ᵣġ
ôʦ֣ѵʲô𣿡
Ҷһ֮ɫɽƽ˾ѵֳʲô˲ɣ
ʦܣѵ㲻֪𣿡
Ҷһã֮ɫˮЩץˣѵСʦһ²
ȿȡʦֻ˵
Ҷɿȼһ֮ɫһ£һֱճǣѵĴ粻Ųʣ֪ʲô顣
㲻֪ʧѾõ𣿡
ˮЩץˣɽô飬Ҷ㾹Ȼ֪飬ǲɽˣץһ꺢֪ͯ顣
򣿡
ʲôܳ𣿡
ҶȻãȻ֮ɫѹûʲôǴʲôʱðġ
ˮҪһĹȥСʦܿޱȾɽô飬Ȼһ֪Ĵʲô̶ȡ
ɽ֮ǰĴ򣬶򣬾֮һ
ˮݺݵİҶһۣױҶˡ
򣿡
ҶһͷˮԼǹªˣԭɽ
ûɽ򣬶ʵǿ֪ͨΪΣǿߣһҹ֮Ĩƽ
˵飬ˮҲһ֮ɫһ򣬾ȻĨƽöֶΣ൱ɽֱĨƽ˷һ
Ĩƽˣ
Ҷһͷˮһ򣬼ڵˣʧˣ
ûӴʧΪʲôûӴԺɽֻʣ򡣡
ˮҲ¶֮ɫɽҲ̫ƽΨ磬ƿء
ôֳ֪ˣ
ҶҲѹˮ˱飬Լˣһǿ磬Ĵ£ԼȻ֪
֮ǰĺԵһ磬ǰ֤ʵ򣬴³ɽ硣
ˮǺֻ֪ǿ߷׷ǰϣһ̽
굽׷ʲô˼꣬ĳ֣ǱأǴӿԭ֮һ
һ㣬磬һҵͨͨǿ˳硣
Ҫ죬Ƕɽ缸꣬ãΪķǼ̣覴á
ʦֵ˼Ҳ򣬿ô£
ҶˣˮżڵҶ㣬ҪҶһ
ûɽ缸һ˶ǵȻҲȥ
ˮûԼ뷨ȷҪ
ɾȥ˲٣Ĵ򣬹ȥһңʣµˣǿţȻҲǰ
Ϊĺ޷Уֻ̾ĺ£޷롣
ʲôʱ
ҶܷĺûᣬʵĴ򣬺ܶطҶ㲻ȥһŷ֣϶һдնɱ
ʦ˽׼뿪ڵһλᣬҲͻѳ
ԽԽãһ˹Ƽܸ֮ϵˣô꣬Щһֱ˴ϣ
ˮٵ˵ʱ䲻ˣԽԽá
ãʰһ£
ҶҲ飬ʰǰ򣬹Ҫܳһʱ䣬̵ܺܶʱϻ
ѾкܶǰˣˮǵҶ㣬Ҳ뿪
ܿ죬ȽгǷ׷׸йµһѾ

ˮкһ˿뿪ţ˿̵ţ壬󲿷˶뿪ţһ
һ·ɱ˼һⱻʶϾȻڷ˼ϡ
һͬҪС£й¶ټ˲鵽
ʵҶ֪ҶԸ񣬿϶ǰһŶıնɱҶ㡣
ʮ֮ڸϵĺûκεĵ顣
ĺλ׻򽻽Ӵ캣һ죬һǺһͷ˭Ҳ֪ĺıԵںδ
һ򣬾ͳĺһͷǰ
ǳ֮ǰҪһЩ׼Ҫаµʱ䣬γ໥ӵ״̬ʱ̱ȫʢ״̬ĵ
ˮһ䣬ʱ䣬⺣˳û٣Ҫʱ̱ʢ״̬ΣգҲء
˷׷׵ͷͬˮĹ۵㣬Ҷ㵹νΪʹ֮ʱ̶ʢ״̬ҪԪ·
׼㹻ʳԼˮ·ˣԶԶȥĺϵӰԴԴϵĸ
Ⱥ֮УҶʹ֮һöʮ׾룬ǳĿ١
ˮһֱϺ˰͵Ϯ


1707 ĺ
ᴩĺҪµʱ䣬ʼʱ󲿷˶ۼһ֮󣬻ֿ
Ϊ·߲ͬʵ¶ͻԽԽ
ʵǿȻһ˺ѿռ䣬ֱӴ
ɾֻԼԪһʱ䣬Ϣһᣬͣںϣ⺣޴ܳ

ˮͻȻһˮһͷӴĺ޸ˮ棬ƺŵζſ޿ڣҪࡣ
ĺޱȾ޴Ժ֮£ס޴ӿ֤ˣһԿ϶棬һס塣
Сһ㣬ƵƵҲԽԽӴһܷеĺޣǻΣա
ˮѴңɵĸһ㡣
ԽϷɣѹԽĵȻҲԽ࣬ԴҶѡҵĸ߶ȣѹȽСҾ滹һĻٶȡ
ʦ֣ǰ˳߳
ǰ棬ԶӰζܵ˾һɣһЩŲ·ֱ䵽˺ϡ
Ԫݽߣ޷άƽ⣬һ䵽棬ͱιȺԵˡ
Һ׻пֲĺޣʱڵȺȻҲ˵ܰȫĶȹĺ
ٴγ֣֪ж˻ɥδ򣬾
ЩǳһԪݽžžĵ䵽ϣܿͱɵһɶ
ԭ·أ
ˮһȣͷȻԭ·أûκγɣΪǰķкޣǳĿɲ
ֵ֮ܵ⣬ɾѷܿ⵽˺޵Ϯ
һɵᣬںˮ֮УܶݵķУ֧ʮʱ䡣
һ뿪棬ſ˫ᣬ֮Ϸ裬ޱȣ༫ѷ
ǳӴһ֣㣬ÿһֻɵᶼɾҡ
ɵᣬǻȳһǳĿɲ׷ϵ࣬ܿ챻ɵûֻʣһѹͷ䵽ˮ档
ʱˣǰ壡
ҶͻȻͣס壬Ҫǰ壬ظϡ
ɵԽԽ࣬ȥ綼ᱻ׷ϣһΣֻҪܼ򣬾Ͱȫˡ
ʦܣ̫ðˣ
ˮҲͣס壬ҶΪҪǰ壬˶ˡ
˹Ȼʱȫɵٶ죬Ƕᱻ׷ϣӭǻһ߻ᣬɵȻٶȿ죬ǲת䣬ǰջƶӦһ߻
ʱҶٵ˵
ԽԽķɵᣬطɣȷˣղǰ滹ˣת֮䣬ֻʣ¼ʮˡ
ƴˣʦܵģ
ˮһҧҶ㡣
Ǹң
ҶͻȻʧԭأʹ֮ͻȻٵȶγһҶΧһƬյش
ˮ֪ҶֶΣھƷɾնɱڳˣ˵˭ܻһҶ㡣
һƶҶͷɵĹܿһյˮĿյ
ҶеٶԽԽ죬ʹ֮ĻζһЩɵֱӱɳȥҶһץɵķҶչ
Ҷ˷ľٶ¶֮ɫΪҶѰ·
Ǻܿ죬ҶɵˣҶ׵ıܿɵᣬѾɵβΪǲת䣬ֻҪβҶ˾Ͱȫˡ
ɵƺҲҶͼʼ齨ɶ飬ķɵ᲻ϵĳҶ㿿£
Ҷ㣬ҶͻȻɱ¾֮һɨͷɵᱻɳȥ
ǰֻδַɵ㣬ǵĲǵߣϧ׵ģмˡ
ΪٶϣɵᣬԲ׵ĳ֣Ҷ㲻ͬӵʹֲ֮˷֮⣬ޱȡ
ɱһѪ·Ҷܿ˷ɵĺ棬ȴֳǱɵΧסˣ޷ߡ
ˮȽ˾ֻʣ³һˣǳΣա
ʦ֣ǿߣȥʦ֣
ǷǳΣҶͻȻ۷ٴʩչڷɵ֮䣬ֳѾ˺ۡ
üɵҧˣҶһƾͻᱻɵҧ
𣡡
ҶͻȻһŭǿĳɢȥΧķɵɳȥǲŻΪġ
ȵҶ嵽ǰѾˣô˿յϲֳ֮ˣֱһץǴӷɵİΧ֮ץ˳
ߣ
һ֮䣬ԶˮȽĶˣҶΣա
Ҷ㰲ȫ˳ˮһĲ
ǿߣ
Ҷûͣ˷ǰΪҶʩչϲ֣֮©ݣѾϳҶ㡣
ղǸҶ㣬Ҳɱȥ
ߵСҲʼ۷ѧҶģ߻·ߣȻá
мʮ˷ɵĿУȰѷɵľϧҶʧһɶ
ˣȻˡ
һʮҵһ֮ɫѾϢɢ˳ȥҶҲĺ֮ϣһŮ
Ϣȥֻ֮ҪĺϿշеһŮϣȫ
֮ϣҶͣס壬͸ۣ֮Ѿˣڰ·أѾ©Ŀꡣ
ݣǵϣһ۾ܿ
ʦ֣Ҫֿˣȥ϶ᱻ˷֡
Ҷüͷǵ̫ۣһŮֻҪ֮У϶ᱻһʱϳ
ˮҲʶˣѾˣҺӵüʱȻᱻ
ɣҸʦһ飬ʦָʦһ飬׷ɢҵע
Ҷһ˷ֳ飬ҶиӦ
취
˷ֱͷΪҶļƻУһ໥иӦ
ܿ˷ֿˮߣҶǶϺ
˲һʱңҶʱŸһ·
ʦܣлղž֮
ʮֿ˵һ䣬ղɵΧҶ֣Լɣˮûа취
ʦֵܼôʲô
Ҷ㵭ȻЦЦɽ磬ҶôѣǣԼΣգһҲվ
һ·׷ɱԼ˵Լǡ
ǲ˵ʲôĬĬķУȽ˳Ҳû·أٵǰĺͷ
ʱһȥת۾ʮȥˣããڳһ˿֮⣬Ǵ֮дġ
ڿڣ
һ·֮ϣǾһɽ˽ӽһˣһĺ֮ϡ
ЩʵСߣԶ˺ף㸹֮С
ǲûʦֵϢ
Ҷ㲢ż룬ôһԽȥⲻ˻ս϶֡
ضǣ˽ȥҲڻңڵȵȡ
һʱ䣬ˮϢŴ̽ԵļҪ򣬶ǿķ˻
Ҫ򣬲ô򵥣˼꣬˭֪ʲôӡ
˻֮ҵһƧ֮أⱻ˷֡
ں˵飬ִڵȵȣƽϢ֮ڽ롣
һƷȫǵ׵Ĵڣɾ˵ˡ


1708 ɻ
ǰЩ죬ˮڣִۼһݱսǳĿɲǵʱľ磬޷롣
ʱ䣬ƽϢڷʲô˺ֱݱ˴򶷡
Ҳȥɣ
ܵƽϢʱڷȥ
һĻк£紹ʮ׳ۡ
˽봹򣬺ܿʧ
ߣ
໥һۣһ봹֮Уһ㵭ĹΰǣܿǴһ㱡Ĥһǿ˺֮֡
ಣ
弱ٵ׹ķʮּ̣ȻҪɽһ࣬Ϊͻ˻δӦ
ȵƺ֮󣬷ǽɽ֮С
ʦ֣
˶ס壬ûһͷԽϣǳˮʵ
궼û˽ֲï֮⣬ʲôҲûУ޶֡
֪귢չһСܱɲǰһЩûʷĳֲǣˡ
ˮ򿪵ͼݵͼǼǰƵģɽ籣˺ܶ࣬һŶУˮҲһݡ
ò˺ܴı仯ǰĵͼƺʧȥãҵԵĽɽ֮Ķ
ˮϵͼɽ޷ֱ
ΪһΪĹϵչ죬Ҳġ
ôˣܿȫɢʧһɶƶȥѰұȥˡ
Ȼ֪ΣȴӶ߰ɣ
Ҷʱ˵ûĿĻõİ취Ѱһֱߡ
ʦܵģ
˶û֪˾ȻҶΪˡ
˵ͿշУʶϵɨ䣬ʱ꣬ŨҺһ㣬Ҷ㲻ϵļħա
һööҩγˣѹ֮ɵÿһöޱȣһ˿컯֮
ĵҩŵϣ϶ֵǧҪɾҪ
ǵòμӷʱҶׯôֶΣɵҪֶΡ
ǰҶ㲻ҪħͿһööӨ͸ĵҩ̣
ǰЩȥɣ
ԶɽһЩ˵ע⣬׷µ棬߹ȥ
ʱ꣬Ȼã涼ػѻΪ촷ۡ
棬Ľǳ׳ۣܶطȻµʴȻá
ҪɽĴ򷱻Ķ࣬ƾ⽨棬ֱܷ
ǰӦһСͲ䣬ϧ˶ʧˣЩ
ˮжϣĴͬҲ֮ͬСͲ䣬൱һ壬һ֮ࡣ
Ĵûʲô
Ҷ˵һ䣬˺ֿܿĸ򣬸ѰңܲҵһЩмֵĶ
䲻ֻмҶƿһӣ֮ĳ輸ûκεı仯һ˳ԷĲá
ϵĲȻڣӦǱ˲Ĩƽ˭ӵôֶΣ֮⣬Ҳûˡ
򵥷һ£˿տյӣʵûмֵĶһֿܣĨƽ֮ԴѾѹһա
뵽ҶһݣͻȻëһɲˡ
ѵһ壿˹⽫ġ
ҶǾͷǳĿֲˣ˭ܲһôľ֣ɽӽһ˶óȻ
ʹۿһۣһɹԹϿգ֮ɢ
Ҳ²ûȷ˽򣬴ɱɽ
Ҷվס壬Ŀǰľ磬Ȼ֪ô£ҲȥֹΨһİ취Ա
Ͻ֪ͨʦǼ뿪򡣡
ҶͻȻһΣʧԭأˮ˻ϣϢ֪ͨҡ
ܿ˻һ𣬸ҡͷûзʲôмֵϢ
ʦܣüͷ壬ǲǷʲô
Ҷһ֣üͷһֱƺʲô˼
Ҹоﲻ
Ҷʱȷֻһֲ²⣬ҲΪԼĲ²⣬ʦּ˾뿪
ʦܣ㵱Լˣ˵Ǵһıһ¡
ˮ֪ҶƢԣ϶£Ǽᡣ
ǰʦܣʲô˵Ǵһ취
ʱŸͣҶ㲻ҪҴţ˶󣬲Ҷһȥе
ҵһ壬˴󲿷ֶҪҲ⡣
Ҷһ£˵˳Ϊ֮ϣԽԽ࣬ǰֵס
ʦܣ㲻ǿЦɣ
ǻĽҶͻȻһ壬пô˲ȡ
ʦܣ԰꣬ʦϸ˵˵
ˮ˳ǣ֪Ҷ㲻޹ʷʸ֮ˣ϶ĵһʱҶÿľ֤ǰһС
Ҳ˵Ҷ˵ÿ仰к塣
ȽгǷ׷׿Ҷ㣬ҲʶԣǼǳΪڻˡ
Ҳֻǲ²⣬ǲýţǵľ磬Ҳǵ׵ĴڣȲҪżǵȵٿ
Ҷϸ۲һ£֮Уһ֤һͿ˭ĻԵȽϴˡ
ãĸС£Σգܿ
ˮҪС£̰ģȻ˱ǿڳҲ
һѡ˵ɽǰһԷִҩڶԷصĿȻּʱȽϵͣڰȫԱȽϸߡ
ѰҴĽȻѰұĳ̶ȣҲعڴҵ֮С
Ҷ֮ͻȻرˣĺ֮ʧ˲֪˽ˣ·δֹһ㡣
Ϣѩһܿɽɢ˶ˣҲʶĲ
ǾƷǰĺҲֲȥˣ·ƾʧ
ô̶һ£ɽӽ֮һǰʲô⣬ɽ罫롣
ħ磬ʥ壬ɽһֱҪʳɽ硣
Ҫʧ֮һˣħ绹ʥ϶ᷢɽ˵һѡ
ձԱһЩʲǺܺõĵӣ׷š
Ϊһǰ򣬺ܶű˽ӽһˣʧˣ˵һѡ
֮УҲ˸ӦˣĿռ俪ʼȶҪȥֳʧˣϢҲܿ촫ݳȥ
һʮʮ٣ٴǧܿҲҶ˶·һǵʱ򣬺ܶ˶顣
ҵһɾĵطϢʮʱ䣬ڻߵɽ֮Уǲɼ˲ҩǳ
Ƴɵ԰ҶͻƵ
֮󣬾ƷԽԽ٣ܶ˷׷׽ķ򣬻иҩ˳ͻƵ硣


1709 
֪򱻹رˣˮ˷׷׿Ҷ㣬֪Ҷĵʲôˡ
йŴ򹷣ҪĿģҪһ򾡡
ʦܣĲ²ǶԵģһرգǾͺѳȥˣԴҩ֮⣬ټ
ˮʶԣҶ˵Ӧô뿪ʱü
ʦ֣ʦ㣬򲻵ѣҽǲҪͻƵκʱ򶼲ԣѹƾ硣
ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôȽг˵ǲҪͻƾ硣
ʮ죬˺üζͻƵĸо²ȫԳٳûͻơ
ʦܣ˼ͻȻ֣ǳģ
ҲɵˮܿҶ㻰˼ˡ
пܣÿһҩпɾɽ²㣬Ψܲأ֮Уӵơ
Ҷ˼·ԽԽһЩϸС鵱Уƶϳܶණ
Ǵ֮Żвĺôڤڤ֮Уܿܶණ
ãڿʼһ˿ˣرյսʱٴ򿪡
ϸҶ㣬رյսȻ򿪣Ͳͻˡ
ŵĵӣ֪ԷԷӣȻǺãҲûа취
Ҷ㵱Ȼϣžʹ˥ȥϾŶжҪչһЩ
㲻˵ҵˣ֮ǰʦ䷢һϢŵӣÿȡһöͨѶ쳤ϵҵ쳤ϣͨ쳤ϵ֪ͨˡ
ˮһĴȣ㽫ˣҲǺˣϾ֮˭뵽رա
ƴ˿̣ʶΣ֮٣ڸղţ˳ͻƵ硣
ԭһƷܿƷƷƷǳĿ졣
ɽ缸궼ͻһ磬ǳ˴ҩһһһͻƣǳĿ١
ԽҶԽʶԣͺñȻһİװ֣һԵ
²˳٣ǼϽȥ쳤ϣ
쳤ȻԶһҲ뵽򣬽ʱƷӦǰƷˡ
ʮ֣ͻƵ˾Ʒ֮ƺסˣ޷ͻһͻƵ磬·أ˽
˺ܿ뿪տǣĶ·һҹ֮ȫˣŵҩûʣ£˵Ŀˡ
ʮʱ䣬һ񣬺ܿݱ໥ܶΪҩʼ֣ܶط˼ҵս
Ҷˣרѡû˵ĵطǰԽԽĵؽޱ޼ʣĴ˶Ҳ޷
תһ¹ȥˣ˶ĥӣǱһĸڿʼ仯Ǳϣһ㳯мǰ
ֶҶ㶼𾪣ʲôΪǵ󣬲£ͱڣҪǵɽ𺣡
֮£ֻܼǰߣԽߣҶԽ
Һһ֮ԶˣϣʵߵԶﵽ˾Ʒ
һʱ䣬Զʮ˷ܣǿܶͬ鶼ˣˣһû硣
Ҷ֮⣬Ȼԭеľ磬򣬾Ҳɾˣǻȳһضǡ
Ǽô£Ϊλû磿
Զɻ֮ɫҶʵ
ǻȽԶǺܹģҶ㲻ͬ
쳤ϣ˼Ҵҵ㣬Ϊ飬Ҷ㷢ﲻѰѹƾ磬ͻƵ𡣡
ˮٵ˵ϣͨ쳤ϣ֪ͨȥ
£
ԶҶ㣬ӸʼڱƴʼҶڲͬ
Ҷ㣬˵˵ô£
ԶʶԣͻȻرգʵѾԤеˣֻǲô¡
һһֳ˶ϵĳɳ׳ʳ
Ҷ˵Լе뷨Ѿˣһոĳ
ⲻܣ
ԶͻȻһƺ뵽ʲô֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϣôˣ
ˮ΢΢һ䣬ΪԶ֮У˿־֮ɫ翴˼һ㡣
ԶߵһϣҲܵԶϵĿ־Ϣ
þƷܳ˾֮ɫʵһżӵ棬ǲ˼顣
֮Ĺ
Զ˵ĸ֣ÿ˵һ֣·ʲôͿһɫԽԽҰס
֮Ĺĸ֣ߵϻһҲʲôֲһʼ
ϵ飬ˮʶ˲Ʒ˵οˡ
ϣʲô֮Ĺ
ˮæʵҶ㻹гǼҲ׷׿˹ȥһ˵֮Ĺ
ϣ˵ɣ֪ͨˣ磬ѹɾѹɾѹƵƷѹȥҪͻˡ
Զó׼֪ͨȥˣࡣ
˳Ͽ˹ȥɫʮѿⲻܴһƷܿġ
ɽ磬ǾǸ߸ϵ֮⣬ܺǡ
֮ĹҲɣԶʱڣϹʱڣѾڣ˽ţҲ⼸꣬δֹû뵽ֳˡ
ƺ˵һǳƾõ飬֮ĹҲɣϾ˵ķĹҲ˵ĵط
ϣڸԤ𣿡
ˮҲˣȻ֮أ϶Ϊвٿء
пܣӦˡ
εҡҡͷȻǿ󣬵Ǹȣͺñө֮⣬һһ
ϣ˵һ㣬粻ǲܸԤɽ֮Ĺô£ѵ˶Ҫﲻɡ
ʱʵ
鼫临ӣ˵ļһ㣬˰һ̳ľѪ죬һͨӶǧ۾
ֱӣûκεĹĨǣջ˽֮á
ֶΣƿֲͻһ磬Ҫʬѻɽ
ⲻܣѵûй𡣡
Ǻݺݵ˦˦֣Ϊ̫˼ˣռǧΪ˳ȫһˣֱ񹲷ߵ顣
飬˵ע⣬ǧ磬ɽ粻һˣһ򣬾ǱˣȫҲ֮ʧ
Ʋ⣬ͻȻʧ꣬пܾ⵽ɣȫΪƷ
ֻҶһ˼Ǽ˵Ҳޱ𾪣Ҷȴ侲
羹ȻܸԤɽ飬֤Ѿˣǰ硣
ñɽ粻ܸԤһȻܸԤ϶ɽشʡ


1710 
˳Ĭ˭Ҳ˵Ҫɱ㣬˭Ҳ޷
Υףɽ缸궼ֹû뵽Ǹˡ
ϿЦѣû뵽͵ʴףΪѰұȴȫ˱ˣ˼Ʒ
ҲûɥҲֻһɺ϶ѣȻ㶼˵ˣΥףûԸ׵ȥԣһʧܣ⵽Ǵ
ˮŰοֻɺϣҲ֮Ĺ
ǷûУǶڳͬһǰȵϵʱҲǳڼ̳һ̡
Ҷ˳֣Ҳ벻ȥΪҶһǣ˹ڻЩˣȫһ¡
Ȱ󣬵ȵʱһһոΪƷ
ڼ˵ĹԶѾϢȥˣ˸ӦöյϢ
һ¹ȥˣƸĶѾʵͣҲƷˡ
ͻƾԷˮһ򵥣ǳĿ죬Щͻһ硣
Ҷ㾳缸˿δ˿Ҷħ֮УѾ˺ü
һԿֲü硣
Ҷĵ̣ӵоħ֮ڿʲôֻҪ뿪򣬽Ҷ㱬֮ʱ
ϢɢȥˣЧǺܺãǼ֮⣬˶硣
ԶɫѿֻҶ㡢Ƚ˻ǾƷɣҲһɾ
죬ǲԴУҪ취ֻҪ뿪ǾͰȫˡ
ʱָɫԴвǺõİ취Ψдһ·
õİ취ˣϣһã
ԶҲ侲ǧˣҪһҲһɷǳǿҲһ
ãǷͷж֪ͨˣһ˴ˣ֤ǵİȫǵľ磬򲢲ȫˡ
Ҷ㼸˾̫ͣҪ֣׾ͱɱ
ãҶ㡢ǸߣϣͨѶϵ
ԶҶ㻹г뿪ˮȽһ𣬷ֿж֮ĹϢɢȥ
һӦö֪һ֪ļ٣ֲпĵʧؼ䣬û˶ˡ
Ҷ㣬ô֪ģΪһ޳
ԶҶʵʮֺ棬ûз֣Ҷƺӽʱ򣬾ͷˡ

Դڤڤ֮п˵ˣ
Ҷ֮ͨƺ̫ԹУܶ඼ǰ顣
ȻʧˣȻвдڿռ֮УҶͨԭʬɽѪʵԽǿԽ졣
ӶҶ뵽˺ܶ࣬˱磬ֻһֱҶҲȷ
ͻƾ磬˵ԣ˭ΪǿߣͻƣΪҪѹƾ磬Խˣ޼ɵ
̶һʱ䣬һ㣬ضǣҪǷŻɽ磬ɽƻΪǧ֮ףħ綼㤡
ʵڹرʱҾֲֻû뵽֮Ĺ㷢־ͺˣ֪ͨҲҪͻƾ硣
ԶŰ֮ɫԼһҶһСɡ
ϲҪˣȻˣҲţҲ²ĲղŷȥϢŵмˡ
ҶŰοĿǣҪ֪ͨŵҲδػȫš
Զ˵ͷΪҶ˵Ĳû˻ǣ϶ͻơ
Ϊ㲻ͻƣͻᱻ˸ϳпܳΪ˿еʳ
㲻ϵĽﵽƷΪɵļƷ
һ·֮ϣҶѾ˺üˣκţԶĵĸԷͣûýȥһ󳰷
ҿԼͻƣǼɣ
Ҷ㻹гȻɾȵĵӴų֮ɫѾƷˡ
ҪԶڳ˹ѶҶ֡
˶ǲţԶЩɥʧģڱصˣ˵Ļ
ϣҲûģ취ԾȰɣǺθɡ
ҶѿĮֹ㣬ԼȥҪġ
˵ĲԾȣ취ȱˡ
Զ˵ͷΪҶ˵û
ͣס壬оԾȵķΨн⿪֮գܰȫĻ뿪
ϣŵĹǣһЩ鶼˵ɣһ취
Ҷ˽⼫٣ϣԶõϢ
ҵһʯͷһ£ˣֻһһˡ
ԴڹʱһԤԣм죬ˣ֮࣬죬˳
յļ֮󣬻ᷨ⿪ӷ˳ֺ
ԭǺ£ΪƽϼƷ޿ɺǣƫƫЩĳϲ֮ˣƷգ淲籣ӣ䱾÷粻ϵĹϹƷӿʼͯͯŮ
ԶЩϢҶҲӴ٣ڶʽ֮ࡣ
ݱ䵽˺ڣͯͯŮ޷ɽҪΪ̣ܶطߺУȻֺΪڿƣ֮Լ
˵Զһ֮ɫЩΪ˴ﵽĿģֶΣߣྫ
¾϶⵽Ǵ⵽Ǵɡ
γɣ֮޴ɢֱӱ˸ˣܶٿսóǧڷ
ʱڵ̳һӣ槼Ϊ˳ϣҪԱģ飬槼գΪνܳɳ
ٻˣΪŮ˶ΪǺջˮʵһɽ˵
ɾǴݱܶǿߣ޷ͻƵ۾磬ð֮踣ģʽһٲ
Ҫǧ飬࣬мǧˣҪȫôĿֲ
˫ȭɽ͸һĿնɱ
Ҷγǣǧ磬ͣɽ粻ΣΨ磬ǧ֮ףͳǧ塣
ϣҵ̳ܲƵʽơ
ҶıȽ϶࣬ںڻ̾ϢԹ޶⣬Ψһİ취Ƶ̳һ
ģʽѾˣʵǼֻ̳Ǵڼ̳ıԵˡ
ڴҲϵм룬ӦǼ̳Ĳλһɿʼ򣬶˼޷ߡ
ϣʦ˵һͨҵֱͨӽ磬ǲǾһѣ
ҶҲ֮ǰˮ˵ģͨͨ
ʵͨ磬ҲУֻǱգҪȥΨһĵ·ҪƷ˵ܴȥ
ԶЦһɽͨķˣǰɽ羭ɽ磬ȫϡ档


1711 뿪ʼ
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵ͨ磬Ϊɽ粻ֱӴͨ˾ͿԽˡ
ԭɽͨˣ쳤ϵĿƺͨǱȽΣգƷȥ
ȻͨǾһ߻ᣬҪûв´ͨͨӦþڼ̳Ĳλ
ҶվԵ
ȷ
֪ΪΣԶҶ㣬֮ĹһԶҶ㡣
ֻһִ⣬Ȼɿʼˣֻƴһѣϵ̳Ҳһ
ҶʮֹϣʱΣյĵطʵȫ֮أ̳򣬿϶ᴩ񷣬Ҳɽͨ
Ȼܣһᴩ񷣬϶򿪣ʱ뿪Ҳлᡣ
ʽֻʱ䣬һϲ̳Ĳλ϶֮أֱ
ϵˣٸ̳ϣż뻹δʼһ
Ǹܣ˻Ĳɼҩϵͻƣǿķ
ԽģԽӼ̣ӽ磬ǳٵľͿһ硣
յԶϢ֮Щӷ׷ǰҲ˺ԶĻΪڵľ磬ԶˣȫϷ
޿ɺǣôõĻᣬ˭϶뾡һа취ͻƵƷ˷һ˿һʱ䡣
ʱˮٵţ̶ǰ¹ȥˣһѰ֮У֮·
Ȼһ˲Զһ󲿷ѡţйµ֪Ҷ쳤һǰ̳
һգһӣͻȻɺһƬ类պһʮֵĿ
ǧ˿ʼۼ˷мһˣˡ
Ѱ˿ˣ񵰶ûҵò˳ΪǱľ
죬Ԣⱦǧˣͬϣĳм
ҺԶһǰ棬оѹѹһȺˣǳĿɲ
־ҶﾭȻǿǧ¡
мĹԽԽǿ紫Ϣ·Ҫշڽǡ
ûֵܵջԶһ·õϴӣԼĿƣ⵽˶Ȼһ㡣
ҶͻȻо꺣һ΢΢һ£ֱǣܿʧ
ת۳ߵ˿ȥԶˣһãȻ֮ɫܵ˽ɫӰ죬ʧȥ˼άһԼǰߣͬʬ⡣
Ȼè壡
ǧˣҲֻҶһѵģ˶⵽Ի󣬷ǰ壬Ҫᱦ
һ̾¶ȫ֪ԼʲôֻһĿģȡͻƵ
ǧˣ˼ˣһɫƷضǣ־˭

Ҷָһ㣬һԶ棬Զһ̵һѹ
Ҷ㣬ʲôˣΪʧȥʶ
Զһ亹Ҷ㻹ѵģҶʵ
Ҳܵ˹Ӱ죬ǱҪˣһ뿪
Žˣжٶ˾ۼһ𣬶յԶĴһЩˣƸԶˡ
ССĶټˣܻųȥɽ磬һɫ
ʱֻڳ𣬾Ͳ֪˭ܻ뿪ˡ
ʽҪʼˣǱҪĵطȡͨ򿪵һ̣뿪
ԶʮֻֽҶѵģ˿϶ǵĿơ
ҶҲ˼ôˣԽ࣬ͨļҲӣָ㶯ŵһѹ
֮󣬶ãȻ֮ɫܡ
ڴҸһ壬ȥǲһ
ʱѾˣϵˣҺüʱԶȰ棬׷׸һ
쳤ϣôȫȨɣ
һԭʥӣ֮ͻƵԶǱȽϿ
ѹΪҶ㣬մȨҶ㣬
Զ֪ȻҶ̫࣬Ŀǰܴǻ뿪ģֻҶһˡ
˲ԣ׷׿Ҷ㣬ȻԶô˵ѡĬϣΪ϶ͬ⡣
γһΣһǰ壬ż뻹δʼһֻͨҪɫ棬Ǿлˡ
Ҷȫǲ²⣬ʲôҲö֪
ãҴͷ󣡡
ԶһվͷһΣߣٵǰǰ˷׷ױ𿪡
飡
Ҷ˾а׵ʱ򣬼뿪ʼˣһ׵ֱըѪƮɢ֮ϣǿЩѪ˽ȥ
ã뿪ʼˣ
Ҷ㰵һû뵽ôͿʼˡ
Ʒ׷ը˶ˣʲôֶΣɡ
ܿ죬һһʱ֮ǰЩͻȻָϧѾˣ廯ΪѪˮ䵽˹档
գۼĹ򣬾мѪȾ˲񷣬ԭɫĹɺ
ͨҪˣǿ㣬ڵˣ
Ҷۣ֮͸Ѫ뵽ڲһֱͨ񷣬Ӧҵȥĵ·
ԶҲˣܵǰ˭ȫɣҲʼó̵ϵǰ
ܱըһһǼǧʧˣΪѪˮ뵽֮С
־˭Ҷ㶼¶֮ɫ
ŵ棬κһǸ߸ϣ˿̣һ׵ıɱΪѪˮ
ԽԽˣֻмʮ׵ľ룬ܱը˷̶ʮʱ䣬ͬʱըˡ
ԽڣըԽԽ죬նѪˮγһѪӡ
Զˣ޷ˣҪҶ㣬˿ҲΪѪˮ䵽Ѫ֮С
Ҷ㣬ǰѹԽԽǸô죡
ܣѹԶжٶȴƺɵˣϵˣγǿѹƷ޷͸ȥ
Ҳȥ˭Ҳ׼ͣҺγ׶󣡡
Ҷ˫ͻȻģһ趯ͻȻı󷨣һ׶
壡
ͬʱһһǿˣٴǰ
ԽԽܼǧڼٵļ٣Ѿˡ
󣡡
Ҷʹ֮ϵ趯˫ٴ趯һ䣬˻󷨣ƿһЩѹϵǰ
ͣ
һˣǰһͻȻУҲը֮ʧ
ѹһΣա
ɫ䣬ѹΪλܱɱ
ҲҪͣǰ
ЩҡˣҶһȣǲҪк֮ģҪһ
ҳ壡
ԶƴĳˮȽˣм䣬ʹʲôһһĿ־֮ɫ
ˣ˳ͻƵϡ
ԽǰǻȽĵ￪ʼˣסҲ׷ͻơ


1712 
ԽǰѹԽ󣬱˵ǣҶ㶼оѹסˣʱҪͻơ
ԽͣܵѹԽᣬȽгͻƵһ̣ѹжٶȷ
ҲҶΪβͻƵԭ򣬾ԽߣԽױʳ͵ȵɾԷҲ
ֻʮ׾ˣѹԽԽԶóеĵҩϵĲ
֮󣬴Ҷɼ˴ҩڷ׷ó̷䵤ġ
󣡡
Ҷٴθı󷨣ÿһθı䣬ǰ
飡
һըˣûȥˣî˾ϣԼһ
ԶԶûֹͣһϻըΪѪˮԽߣܵѹԽ
Բڼٵļ٣ղŻǧˣת֮䣬ֻʣˣѪˮǻƺһ뵽档
ǧôľѪһ𣬶ԳűҶ㣬ǧҪôǿ֮ܽ
ҲҪͷǿҪˣ
Ѿ˾ˣߵһ٣¶֮ɫϵٶһͻᱻѹ
ԽԽ֣Ҷ֮ۿһͨˣƺ硣
Ҷ㣬ǿ첻ˣ
ԶŲסˣоԽԽ˥ܲסܿҪȻ
Сӳ֣
ҶֱһСˣ˿Ҳ˼ô࣬һپ٣һ
ˣҶҲ뿪
õС˵ļӳ֣Ǵ˼Ѫһ꿪ʼָ
Сֵһ̣ͻȻһ󲨶ƺҲӦˣܵѹͻȻᡣ
ô˻ᣬǰ׵ľ룬ǵǰֿɵá
صĵҶ͸һ̣ƺӦˡ
ɰԴһ٣һȥҵ֮ͨһ򿪣뿪򣡡
ǰҶһȣʧĲˣʽܿҪ
һʽˣǵ뿪Ҳһʧ
壡
Զ˵ȫҶ㣬һ֮Уܿ챻ûܶѪˮ
һһȫ棬岻Լƣϵ
ʣ¶ˣȫ棬ҶҲ⣬һΣ뵽棬ܿƣѪӣ֮Ϸȥ
ѪããһƬκξ˭Ҳ֪
Ҷ㣬ʲôط
ԶиҶ㴫ܷѾǵĲҽǱһѪɫ治ϵת
Ҷûлش𣬶ۣ֮͸Ѫ͸޾֮ϣѪɫ棬һʵ硣
Ҫʵ֮Ѱ׼ȷĳλãǳѡ
ͣ
һ˱һεУըڲðһ𣬽ֱȼճɻҽ
ӶܿǼ˱ȼףŻڲġ
ǰŵӷ򣬺ᴩȥ
ͻȻһˣҶһȣ˶ˣûκεԥֱӳҶ㷢ֵ֮С
͸ѪɫһӰʧѪɫʵ硣
ҶϵĽǽѪ֮Уǰ
˻ʮʱ䣬ȫ룬ֻʣҶԶˡ
Ҷ㣬Ƚȥ
ԶҶȽȥΣҲҶ
Զһ䣬ѪͻȻ˱仯ҪˣѪò
ӿɲǣһ֮ˣҶץ˹ҶĹע
ʩչ񹲷ߵĲ߷Ҷ㣬ֻҪѪͻᱻӦ
ǿ˺֮Ҷץ˹ȫԶѪɫһʧϵټ٣ܿҪʧ
ߣ
ҶͻȻһƣԶƳ˹뵽Ѫ֮УҶ岻ܿƣȻһεǣһ
Ҷ㡭
ԶҶ߻صϧҶܿʧϵȫըΪѪˮ뵽档
ĺ֮ϣͻȻѿһѷ죬ӽ˴޵Ⱥ棬£׼ſ޿ڡ
Ǻܿ죬ֲϢˣˣһɫƾǿֱ˺Щޣˮ˲ɺ֮ɫ
Զµһ̣ѷϣػָƽ·ʲôҲûзһ
쳤ϣҶʦȥˣ
ˮɨһȦһʱ䣬ȻƵƷ̶ȣǳĿɲ
ƷһѣȽгƷ֮⣬󲿷ֶƷƷ
ȻȽгǾͣӰǣк˴򣬿Բϵͻơ
ЩƷǱþһͻƾˡ
Ҳ׷׿Զһ˳ģӦ֪ҶںδΪûг
Ҷ㡭ҶΪ˾ңԼѪˣ
ԶͻȻþƷΪһɾޡ
û˳Ц˳ĬˣҶľٶ˵Ȼ𾴡
ܣҶʦܲô׵
ͻȻһҶˣţҲʼ
ˮĬȭͷûҶ㣬ǶûҶ㣬ѻΪѪˮûҶ㣬ľ硣
ͻȻôĴע⣬׷ɳǰȫŵˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Զ򵽵׷ʲô顣
ˣԶ飬ŵ˻Ҫȥ
ȫˣ
Զ˵ҶˣܣΪҶˣԼȴ
ܣǧôͬʱȴĺúõģô
Ϲ˲ţһϹǽȥǧˣһʣ
ŭĿӣǼɵͳˡ
ͻȻּܿ촫ÿһ䡣
ûʲôܣ˶мˣʵ֮Ĺ˶ˣ
Զ˰֣ǰĶԹԹѾȥ׷ˣ˶ˣҲҶһˡ
֣˻һϹҲ⣬㲻ȣôɡ
ȻɣôܺúõĻųɣһڣ
ʱȵҶɱ̶֮ź֮ǡ
Ҷ㣬˶ˣҶʦ־ˣ
һʥʱվ˳˽ͣҶˣԼ
ǼԼɣûʱǽͣ
ԶһԼ¼ģ϶æų֣Ͼ¼
һЩƬӡ˵һԼըΪѪˮ뵽Ѫ֮У˺Ȼˡ
ɾֳǧǰ̣ϵѪ
նɺһƬһѪɫʡ
ˣȷɣȫΨŻ˶ټˣҶ㲻ˣ
ֳٴĬԭɱҶ㣬ҶˣȻһ˿֮ɫ


1713 
Ϊһɣظֿ϶ֱ仯˾Ȼð֮踣ʩչֽ֮
֤û˿ֶֹΣɱǧˡ
Ҫڷ磬Ӧһȵˣһȵ˾ˣ൱һС͹ҡ
Զ˻صţš
ȥټˣٶЩûȥ˺ˡ
ַ֪֮׷ңҺûȥȻҲԶ
һ죬ϲ㶼ڿᣬҶ˵һĴ
Ȼȫ˼Ǵ֪ǵǱҲˣҶ㻹ڣԲֹ硣
֪Լĵ򣬶һţׯĬһյʱ䡣
Ҫټȫſ϶ᵹ˼ʱ䣬ڲûеˣһӳΪɽһš
žŵһ򣬸ǳΪɽš
ʧһţҶˣϢɽÿһ֮С
ְ汾ɽһ㣬ŵǿѾ˿ֹˣƾôԼöҩһõĵӡ
ƲӵڣʼڸܵΣϵǰߵĿ׷ױǿӲֶ
ֱһȥ˭赲
Ѫ֮УҶ㲻֪ȥ˶ãȫԼĿƣһεԽԽߣѪһʧ
򲻼ˣָƽ˭ܿղŻǧ˿ͬ˼һһʣ
Ѫһʧֱͷ
һǿϢˣҶ磬뵽ѹһ㡣
һ˿˿Ҷǰ廹ǲܿƣĳطȥ
ܵҶΣ֣꺣֮еͻȻɢ⣬ͻȻҶϵǹˡ
ʧȥ˿ҶһʯͷӸ߿֮Ϸٵ½ҶηУҲƲ壬ʧȥ˷е
ʹ֮򿪣
ſҪϣҪˤȥ϶ķѣҶֱ쿪ʹ֮Żδµһ̣ʹ֮ˡ
һͷԽ˵ϣ߻أˤιȥ
ʹˣ
ҶԴ𼸸ǸղˤڵϣײһЩʯɵġ
վӣԴܣһãȻ֮ɫ

ҶһͷˮӿһɹϲɣϢ̵ķҶ߲ѡ
СӣǷˣ磡
Ľ磬Ϣ̫Ϥˣڻصǰ硣
磿
Ҷˣôܵˣֱ̫˼ˡ
ѵǹ֮Ҵ뵽磬⣬
Ҷܿͨܶô£˳Ѫɫֱӽ뵽硣
û϶ˣСӣǷˣɽԹ·֮⣬̤ɽ磬ûˣǽǵһˡ
Ľʮ˷ܣϤζϤķ˷ܵ赸
Ѿʵһ㣬ضĿǰʵѰ·
Ҷܿ侲һƷؼʱ̣סˣͻƵ硣
Ҷ㻹ѹƣò˶ãٴͻƣͻƣŨķ컯֮ǴٽҶ㲻ϵͻơ
ѹƵԽ࣬ڱҲԽǿǰڲϵͻƣǱþҲ޷ͻˡ
Сӣ˭ضģɾҲϡ档
ĽݺݵһҶԴȻܶ࣬ûеضǵĳ̶ȡ
ģ
Ҷ¶ϲɫԼЩˡ
Ȼģĺӣѵ𣿡
ĺѵ𣿡
µĺѵ𣿡
ҲһܶʲǺܺãյ͵ضǣҲһʸ˳һɽ۹ָᳬˡ
Ľ˵һѣҶˣۼϡ٣Ĵָϡ١
۷־أܴﵽۣ磬Ҳ˳
ԭˣҹªˣ
ҶٺһЦҶ̤ɽʱΪɽҲǱضǸˡ
˭֪ɽҲиԼһˣԼѡ
ϰףȻ磬Ǿĵ̣
Ҷ飬Ե޹ʵ̤磬һҪúϧλᣬ֮ͻƵƷ
Ľɨһۣ˿ϣɵģƺնڵסˣʮֹŹ֣ľ٣ǹʯᾡ
һƬûб磬ʮֹϣԪʼһ
ûв´ӦݹϽۿٻҰᵽ㷢ûУԶɽһľ
ĽָָԶһ۵ɽȷһͷһɽ壬״ͷ
ҪúõĹ滮һȻ磬Ǿ˷ôõĻᣡ
Ҷûż뿪ͻƾ磬ѹ̫ãڽ磬ѾѹƲסˡ
ûڳȥ϶ΪܶɱĶʵ̫ˣ
Ҷ㲻һƷǾǵ׵ĴڣɾƶС
ҵһѨҶ棬׼ͻƵƷƷ뿪ϤһĻ˳ѰԼ֮ա
ʱɽ磬ָƽӾ֮󣬶ɽԪˣħƺ
һֱʧʥ壬ҲƵƵɽ磬Ҫʳɽ̡
֮£һټµӣ齨飬ħսһħٽɽҲз
ʮȥˣҶ㻹ɽûг
һ¹ȥˣ
¹ȥˣ

һֱ֮Ҷ˳ϢǳǿڿƷʱ䣬ļɽ磬Ƽ궼޷ɡ
ҵǱþˣڸóȥˣӦһĻ
Ҷܵĵ̶ùˣɳˣͻƵƷϡ档
Ҷ㣬ֻͻƵƷԴѻġ
ϰףҼǵ˵֮ͨ⣬û˵磬˵˵ͨʲô
ҶϴθԶ̸ʱƺҲᵽʱҶû⣬ԼҲ׵ȥ磬ûһ¡
ڲͬˣԼĽ뵽磬ҪɽҶ綼ȥ
һǽԼļҪɽڶǾɽׯҶ㲻ܲˣˣˮҶҲҪȥǡ
Ψʵʵˣе鶼ӭж⡣
̤ɽҶ󲽵ĳݸȥӦþˣԲɽݷΧ
Сӣɴӹʱڣͱ˽ɣý֮ͻ۾磬ĪĴ㵽磬ѾˣҪСġ
Ľĳ˵Ҷ磬ӦĻߵĲٿأ˭֪Ҷˣǡ䵽硣
Ҳ֪ˣҵС˶Է
Ҷ˵ͷʶˣԼҲ·һ϶Ļָץˡ
֪ɽ֮ʱ䣬Ϊ磬磬ѹͲβٿ編
ֻԼ˫Ÿ·


1714 ūг
֮Ҷڿɽ硣
⼸죬ҶһôͻԼĸĪĺô
ڷȻͻƣ϶編컯֮ʹ죬Ҳ޷̫ǿĵ̡
˾벻˵Լĵڲϵ
ͺñһԲһϸ
ɽ磬ޣյֻԳԵǴ
磬컯֮ŨĻЩϹʱڵ壬֪Ҫٱ
ǿķ򣬸ҶҶĵ̣ɽҪʮһ硣
ԵпԽڣԽԽ
ǵһжˣҶһ麣࣬ԲϵԼ׳
ǰվȥϢһ£
˵ĵطҶɱ¾֮ⱻĽǰ˷֡
վǸ·ϢõģϾҲвеˣվǷҡ
վֻһ䷿ӣʮּª˹һЩ֮⣬ɽ粢޲ͬ
ֻδһж͸Źϲɣ·˼꣬Ȼ
ϰ壬ʲôȵûУ
ڷӣһһӣӦ̿һ࣬űߣһЩ
һһһŮʮ⣬磬ƷƷ֮䡣
һҶ㣬ֱϾһ磬֪أҶѯһ
ҲбѩȪѡһ֣
ϰǵصصʵˣȳһȣһȳһյĳҶ߹˲ӡ

Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵ֶʮֺ档
ûøҩƶ򣬲٣ŮӺˣգ
ϰ峯ҶܣʵνǼҩƶɵİˣһõֶѡ
Ǹһ룡
ҶҪıȪȣкβͬ
ϣ
ϰȥ׼ȥˣҶһӵӣһһŮ׷Ͷ
粻֪˼ˣǲųӤ
͵ȵĽƷҲֻ֮زŻ֣ݣȵĶϵȵÿһζֵǡ
ʮϰһⰻȻҺ壬Ҷǰɢ㡣
˵ܺãƾζ̲סҪһڡ
Ҷһڣ·ȸ˲ʧ̹ɤӶ
һܿףҶһںȵĸɸɾδ촽
ϰ壬ٸһ룡
оڳҶ㻹ڻζղָо·ϴһȷǺö
Ҷ㵽䷽صɽ磬ԵƳɽׯ˷ãϴ
Ҳɽ磬ǾǱ٣ǿ塣
ȽĸĸѽԴСãԺı䣬ɽԿٵ㡣
ϰܿΪҶһ룬ֻǲףֻɽֹͨƷҶôôúˡ
Ƶʮּ򵥣һЩƵȣȫһ档
룬Ҷֹͣһ̹еƣһɨա
ϰ壬ˣ
ĸоʧˣҶ׼·Ȼ磬ʱҶ뾡Ӧʵ㹻ɱɽȥ
ΧԼˣͳͳҪϹ壬Ǻ̵ȵȣҪᡣ
λӣһһöͼ񾧣
ȳϰ˹һöͼ˵һĶҶȴһ
񾧣
ҶˣԼһ̤磬ѹ֪ʲôȻ֪Ҳû
Ǹϰ壬ɾɲԣ
Ҷ˴֣һĲ˼ֶûС
ԣöƷɾ
ϰ˿⣬ʮϡ٣ܶȻɾǼƷɾ
öƷɾҶһʹɽ磬öƷɾԻȡʮƷɾˣ磬ֻǺˮѡ
ȻʹҶ㻹˳磬»ȡԴ
վӣҶܿ뿪վȥ˿֪Ҷ뿪ãںȲһһŮҲ׷վӣβȥ
ԷǰƷҶˣڲƷѡ
ܿ죬ǰһƬС֣Ҷ㱻˶סˡ
֪λΪҪסң
Ҷһ֮ɫԼէܵˣǲʶˣԲΪסԼ
ʦã˲õūгȥ϶һüǮ
һЦе񣬴Ҷ㣬ǿһһ
꣡
Ҷ˵ĳ嶯һ쵽磬ѵҪūгȥҿЦһ˲¹ͷ硣

ŮӷЦҶȴëȻë
ʦ֣㣡
ŮģҶһ񺮣Ҳ֪ðˣȻҶˡ
СӣԹԵĸ߰ɣ
ӴһУһǿ֮ˣȻҶԭء
Ҷ㣬Ʒ磬ʵѹĿɲ࣬˵Ķ֡
ĸ磬ֱ֮ܿ챻һס壬磬Ҷһ죬⵽Ĵ
һקӣһֻǣŮӣҶ㣬ֻܸ󣬽ڰ˴һ顣
λǰԩ޳ΪҪץң
ҶᣬҲУúðҲУԷҪԼˡ
ʦ֣ͦģǷɣ
ŮƺЩ̣Ͼһūгһ㶼ߵһţҪȻ䵽ƫԶڿŲ˲
ʦãǵԼ𣿡
ӿŮ飬ͻȻһ£˴˵ԼŮͻȻҲᶨҶ顣
ú
Ҷһ·ϣ촽ĥˣԷ˿ûзԼ˼
һ֮ڽݣҶԼںδ
¥ܶ඼ƯڿУʮ׳ۣһЩɽɽˮˮȻҲ֮ʣ޳ûȫҶ粻ͬ
йأҲǷҪɽ緱ٱ
ֵԣ˳ֻ
ɲһֻһЩôֶο̻̲غܶأһԼֵǡ
ֻǼٿӣ󲿷ֶ𣬾㿴ҶҲ֡
߹ǿϢѹȵҶ㶼Ҫ
һһŮƺҲ׷·ʻԸϡ
ֵﲻǳǣһݡ
ʮΪһأʮΪһУʮΪһǣٳΪһݣ֪һж
Ҷ㵹һʶɽִ֮󣬵Ƚ磬֪Լľ֮ܡ
ִ֮ıشܷУⲻǣԽзݺա
һХҶ߷ɹܿ죬ǰˣһ޴ļóгܶѡƷ
ūг
ҶͻȻðĸ֡


1715 
޴ļóгҶ뵽ĸ֣Ӧ˿˵ūгˡ
ܿҲ֤Ҷ룬Լ˴˽ȥгܴڷźܶӣѺĶˡ
Ҷĳ嶯ɽ磬ûзģô磬ַ
Ҳֹ࣬Ҷ㻹ħ壬ʥ壬壬ȵȣԹѡ
ֻ˵磬˷ͯǷˣɽ磬֪Щ˻᲻
Ҫ磬Ҫ֪˲пᣬпܱߵū᲻Ҫˡ
ѹɽЩһԸ磬ͨûйرգҲóȻ
˺ܿҵһյأҶ˳Ϲһӡ
۸ǧ͵񾧣
ԼǰӣҶˣΪǰԼˣԼֵô𣬻͵ȵ񾧡
ܶˣ󲿷ֶ𣬹ѡūʵģѯʼ䡣
ΪҶ㳤ûѾкüѯʣӼ۸̫ߣ󲿷ū۸һǧǧȡ
ҶҪǧһū߳һࡣ
ҶߣһӣѺһͷҰһ࣬ëƤﻹͳĺɺ˫ֲϵץӣҪѳȥ
ҶʮֺĴһģ˷ˣûʮֹ죬ʲôࡣ
Ҷ㿴һͻȻ죬Ҷŭ˹¶ݣʮ׶һ̫ѿˡ
ӵţƶ˵Ҷϡ
ǲ㻹ǲҪˣȻϻجεġ
ҶһֱĶޣʾҶ㲻Ҫȥⲻ⵽䣬ӣʮֳª
壿
Ҷһ˵塣
ϰף֪𣿡
ҶͨʶĽ׽˸֪
֪Ϲʱڵ壬Ϊ岻Զɽ緢չ죬ôֶΣʩչһ䣬嶼ģ˲
Ľ䣬յɽ磬ҶͱūгĽһĳ˹ȵס
壬ˡ
ҶȻԼںδʮֺ塣
Ҳǲƿʱ䣬ֻҪʱ仹ڣȻǲ𣬲壬Դʱ˼
ĽײϵĽͣȻҶ֪޲ԣⲻڼˣĽ׵Ȼ
ʱ䣿ѵĺ᣿
Լи齨ʮڷ磬ҶѾ齨ˣȱˣⲻ÷ҶҪʱѪ壬ĺˡ
ڷ磬ȵʱ򣬺Ҳ䣬Һܶಿ䶼⵽ͬ顣
ڽ磬ĲҲ䣬ѵʮĺᣬ֮󣬱ų⣬أ
Ͼʮƹأκ˶Ҫʮ񣬴أָ֣ʮֻҡ
ūܱܲһ㣡
Ҷ˼ʱǼŮ˹ҡӣڳҶʵ
ܱˣ
ӵ˵ɫԵĴ߹ļŮӣһ÷ǳ־ҪߵŮӻҪϼ֡
ϣôūһǵһǧͼ񾧣ūҪˡ
˵꣬һŮӳҶһۣҪһ㣬Ҷ㡣
ūǲˣǿߣ
ߵŮƺԴˣֱӽҶק˻ˡ
ǰʲô
ǲˣŮҲ¶׺֮ɫ˦˦ӣܿ뿪ˡ
磬ҶǶʶƺ˶ǳŰԵ
Ͼǧ֮ףһҫ֮ϣ·ܸ¡
Ҷ㰵һҺû⼸ŮһͲǺöָȥԼΪǵ
ҪҶĲһͷײˣԺˡ
ʵղŮĿҶòūг󲿷ūǴģҲô
Ҷֳðװ׾ŵūټͼ
ܶˣܶ๺ūҪܸɻڿҶ֣һ;ڣʽԽԽ١
ûūƵҩģҪǶãߵ
ͻȻһ۵˳ˣɢϢħħȴʵʵ࣬߻ħһ
гϴ󲿷ūǱץģк֪ܶͨʶﶮ֮˰죬Ҳûһ˴Ӧ
Ҷƺϣ߱˵һҩͯ
ҶͻȻǰߣһקӣҶ˻
㲻Ҫȥһûᣡ
ˣʮֲֿƺﵽ˸߼̶ȣһ֣ūŵɪɪ
Ҷ㣬ʮ侲˵

ҲһɻҶ㲻ƷһץһѣȻƵҩ
ԶһЩҲһü۸񣡡
Ҷ¶һߣ˺Ȼǵһūгܶ̿ͼԶԶء
֪ۿһʮūˣÿһȥһֻܼʱ䡣
ӾȻʶۿͣȻҶץˣȻҲϣҶˡ
Ҷһ£ȷʵԥˣʲôõĲ£ѹô˶Ӧ
˲˹ҪǱߣٻһ㣬ȴûԸۿߡ
ǺܿҶһҧΪǴλᣬȻԼ޷ˣߵֱɱҶ㡣
һһЩҩ
һһŮ˵ĻᣬҶ˵һ䡣
Ӧ𣬺ۿһξͳҶǰŵһһŮһ׷һ
㶮Ƶҩ֮
ۿʹյҶǰϸƺЩš
ǲҶ㲻֮ǲףҶ㿴ūֲߡ
ԶһЩ
Ҷ˵һЩƵҩ֪ʶۿƵƵͷҶıʮ⡣
ãˣ߰ɣ
Ҷϵıۣۿȫںǧͼ񾧣˵Ǿţһë
ҪҸߣһȻҲӦ
Ҷ֪ƾԼ츳Է϶һ۾ܿУܾūгƺûԸū
ЩūһͷײҲߣҶҪ
ʲô
ۿһ㶣ԼȻһһū
Ҫһߣ
Ҷָָŵǲ壬Ҷ˫֮УƺһЩԲһĲ塣
壬Ҫʲô
ۿЩ磬Уѹǡ
ģңͽһߣ
̿ͷ׷˫ۣһЩūҲţһūڷˣҶǵһˡ
ޣ¶֮ɫһˣĥĲΣû
ȥƻᱻץֱɱˣռط


1716 }B
ۿԥ˼ӣϸҶһڵ˵ͷ
ãҴӦ㣬Ҳиֲ죬һɱ
ۿԸ仯޳ղŻһº͵ӣܿһ꺮ϣɢһɼϢ
ҶЦһڻɵԼ
ߣ֪һεĹ˭Ҳӿ̣ҶѡĬϡ
óһӸҶһԹŮҶļסǵòԣһҵǣ֮ɱ
һ죬ͱǴūгֳ裬Ҷμġ
ūķãǿԸˡ
ۿʹװһöͼ񾧣ҶǧһǧǧϰԹŮʼˡ
Ҷ㣬ͱۿʹһʧƶˣڲĲҲһۿһ
Ʋ֮УСʱ뿪ϿգҶ㿴һɽɽ֮УкܶĽȻһС
ȥ
ۿʹһɨҶһˤһԵʮľֻм򵥵ļéݣԶм֮ࡣ
Ȼ˵һ¹أһ׼뿪Բʮףڶûҵ׼̤ǼӣҪ棬ҪԼȥݡ
ۿͼ򵥵˵㣬ϸҪҶ壬ϣعأȻ᲻ֱնɱϾūԼƿˡ
ҶƲƲ죬£òͷҶ㷴ʲôã˼һָֻͷԼ
˵֮󣬺ۿ뿪ˣصԼסéݣҶվԭء
ǰƵΣкܶӣסҶߣֲܷУϺۿڴˣҶʩչʹ֮
ʲôӣ˭ҲҶµʱȷʵкܶཨȽƫԶ
ˣһݰɣܲ˯ͷ
Ҷ㳯̯̯֣ʾһݣȻ忴ʮֲֿҶȴ˿Ϊ⡣
ΪʲôҪһ
˵ˣǳɳƣѼӷһ̶ѹֺۿͲԸ
ǹȥ˵
Ҷʾһ£ܴ󣬱˺ۿͣߵһ࣬ߵԶ֮Уʼľ׼ݡ
ĺ᣿
߽֮УҶʶ˵ⷽԲƶںۿͿƷΧ֮ڣȻҲҶһ߿
֣һ˫ðһ˿Ĺâʮ־ĶҶ㣬еĻһ䱸
㵽˭Ϊ֪飡
ʵҶȥı֮УҶѾˣȷĺᡣ
Ҳ֪壬֪ʮ񣬸֪ˣʮ󽫣ƹأ֮һ
Ҷ䣬һڴֵľӦأʼ׼ľݡ
㵽˭
ɵˣվԭأҶ㾹Ȼ֪ô࣬ʧȻ֪ҲǼϡ١
˭ҪҪҿԽϵ䣬ָԭ״
Ҷ㵯˵ָй¶һϢԼȻܽôܡ
ҶܽԼϵ䣬ӸǲˣĶҶ㡣
ȸɻɣˣ
ԽԽ죬Ҷ̸ֹͣ⣬ʱǷǳʱڣ취˵ģǶġ
˿ʼæµ̸飬·ղʲô鶼ûзһ
ҽҶ㣬ʲô֣
Ҷҽһ£Ȼǲ壬϶֡
}B
ɳƵٴγ֣ĺᣬ}Bʱ˼
}Bôץūģ
Ҷʮֺ棬Ҫ˽}BһЩ飬Ŀǰֻˣ໥и顣
ʼʱ}BЩ裬ҶҲū𽥷ſûʲô̫ҲǱѺ̫ãҪй
ԭ}Bһγȥԣһ࣬ץ˹ūūг
}BҶ޹ֻǸ·ѣͱ
æһ磬ڴéݣΪˮԴḻϸֲֲǳïʢûлѶʱ䡣
֮ڲݵϣǿգҶһ죬Ȼô顣
Ե޹ʵ磬ֱūܵһһ㡣
ۿʹǴ֮󣬾һֱûг֣Լķ棬Ҷ㻹}Bȫӵˣѵ˻ֻǰĲɡ
ֱҹҶŻصԼ䣬ĿϷŹκһĻᡣ
}BҲһصŬϣгһ뿪
ɫһҶͱһХѡ
ҹ
ۿͳˣɢϢֱӽҶ֮ק˳
Ҷֻܰһſںۿ͵ĺ棬Ҳ˵˺߽֮ܿС
뷿䣬һŨŨҩζ˳ںһͷɽԺԵĻ档
ɢҩǳĺȻһЩѾ绯һּ˷ѡ
˳ߣ߽ܿңŨҵϢ¶ߣƺˣϺۿɢϢҶһתЩʲô
ǰҪ֮յĵҩϵ֮𣿡
ҶСʵϾϤ͸ԷƢԣҪһƢһԼĲˡ
ʵʣ
ۿͿһҶ㣬˵
Ҷֻñ첻˵߽ĳʮֹϣڷλãڷһ޴¯ҶΪֹ¯
¯ܣڷŸҩǳĺõɽȥ϶
һƵҩҪҿƻ棬Ʋã⵽淴ɣֻܹʵˡ
ۿͻǺĵһ䣬֮ǰūѼ󲿷ֱֶӿ
ҶˣѹȥūгѰңҪǴӣһһûԸǰˣκţҲ֧Ųôġ
õİ취ǴūгҲҲˣǻԴġ
ͨеҶｫۿ飬ⲻǲ
Ƹ߼ҩҪȫעҪƿػԼȫĵͶ뵽Ƶҩ֮С
ҿʼƵҩ㽫¯ţ
ۿ˵һ䣬ƵҩҶȼ¯ӣ׼һ¯
Ҷ㲻ҵȼ¯ܻӵɢܵ¶ȶȻһεκˮҶͷ¡
ܵ¶ȣۿʮϵ֮ɢ˲٣ϵıҲ𽥻ָȻ
Ҷûв´ۿϿ϶ʲô߻ħˣʲô֮Ķ
Իϵ
ܿɲҶĵļħ˽ȥǴ֮
ҶǺʣκʶա
֮һ֣ܿ죬ϵĺˮ𽥵ʧۿһֱעҶ㡣
ҶϺˮʧ¶һ˿֮ɫ


1717 ū
֮Ҷˣ뵽浤档
ԭҶǱþոط
õĳ磬ϵҩҶ㲻ϵĳȡҩ֮еĻ顣
֮Ǵ𣬷ǳĺ
Ϻۿɢ棬γ˶صĳ棬嶼ҶĿǰҪġ
ԽԽҶ㾫ҲȫѾԼһūȻҪ£Ҫһʧ
ƵҩĻǧѷ꣬Ҷ㲻ÿһϸڡ
һҩӽ¯֮Уܻ֮£ۿ趯һµķӡҶѹͿ
ʲô·Ȼ˰Ҷ㿴꺣֮еƺܵǣһ˿˿·Ȼ뵽Ҷ档
ķҶ㾹ȻҲգֱǷ˼
úۿһֱƵҩҶľٶȫӵˣֻҪʱ̱ʢĻˡ
Ӵ棡
ۿͻȻһȣҶ㽫ŴһƵҩûʱƻ棬ֻܽҶ㣬ȻҲūˡ
ͣ
֮ϣð͵·ռ䶼ոˣ͵
Ҷ㣬ȫ¯֮УȫҪˣûа취Ҷӿջ֮ٶȡ
Щ̫ǿˣҶ㼫ѷϾҶƷɲôĻ֮
ĬĬþħϵգ˵Ժ
ۿͻȻһҶ㣬ǰļūڳĴֱӱ濾
ԿҶ㣬ȻҶһ֮ɫǲ޴󰭣ֻ΢΢ĺˮúۿ΢΢Ծ
ȻҶۿͻȻӴƵٶȣǼöҩ˽ȥµӡٴγ֡
Ҷһ߿ƻ棬һڹĦۿ͵ӡ
һɵľʱѧܲӡֱһá
ʱٵţһƫһƫСǷ֮е¶ȣȴڲϵ
ΪʱƵҩ¶ߣǽڶˣҪɣ÷֪߳ٱ
ɲ֮ͷųȥҶϵ·ʪ͸ĺˮҶ͸
һöˮҶһˮԴȻᱻ˸ɵġ
ۿûֹҶֵʱԽϷ¶Ц⡣
ǰļūûһֵܼڣҶѾֵڵ̶ȣǳĲ˺ۿ͵Ԥ롣
ƷۿͶҲܲסĻĺ濾ܿ컯Ϊҽ
Ҷ㰲ȻۿȫƵҩҶڵҩһ;ϣҲо̸ϴʦ𣬵ааŮڣһЩ֪ʶǳķḻ
ۿÿһַҶ㶼μģԺһЩҩҲƵҩ
һ֮£ҩþԸһУһöõĵҩԽܶ⡣
һҩ֣һǳĳɹۿҲ¶Ц⣬ƺҶĴڣȫĵͶ뵽֮С
֮У𽥵£ҶҲǴ죬ʪ͸ˣȴʮ˷ܡ
ӺۿϣҶѧ˺ܶණϾǸ߼һҶ졣
֪Ҷ⾳ڲϵҲ˵ҶӵвǱʡ
Ψʸȥȥı쳵Զ첻߼ĳԼͬ
ЩȵˣҶѹϵѹ˻澧壬ھħ֮УԺ
ʱޣūݣұ©̫Ķ
ŻͻȻܳϸߣҶ嶼ƷɳȥˣҩڳˣۿͻȻЦ
ڳɹˣ
ۿʮֿģǶûƳɹһ
ʵҶ㻹Ĳ¶ˣۿƵҩʮָӣҪ˿ƻ򣬶һ޷ֵ棬һϾǰ֮ã޷Ƴһöĵҩ
Դһѣӵɢҩܿʱ䣬˷˶öҩ
ǽģûʲôˣȥϢɣ
Ӻۿɳһöҩ䵽Ҷϣ󲽵ĳȥҶһԭء
ŻĵҩҶϲһɨա
ۿͻ֮ˣͷԼֻҪСһ㣬Ÿһ
ҶҩȻ޷Լֱһ磬ȫԹԼΪ۵̡
ҩƣ壬صԼס}Bϣźϣ¶һ˿˸֮ɫ
ҶҲϣ}Bߣĳ˿ûκεĽ١
һ˿壬϶һԶԶأΪ峤ֲ̫ˡ
ΨҶǸ⣬ûȳ}B˽һ
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ΪҶ֪һ䣬űӣֻҪǵָܻ
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ҶӴǵҳϣҶȻ𾴣ݲһ˿֮⡣
˵ۿ͵ūᳬʱ㾹ȻܳɹĴ߳漣
}BԺۿһЩ˽⣬һ£춼ȥūгߵūһ̣Ҷ֣ܻ߳ģȷʵ
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Ҷɽ翪ʼ飬ϴȥɽׯһȥ岿䣬ϣԲ鵽һЩ
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Ϊζ˸Ȥ
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һƬңɽҲۻ಻ǿʳҶᣬս̡
ѣҵĺģܻܲ뿪һδ֪໥һ²ͦõ𡣡
Ҷ㲻Ϊ⣬Ϊ˶Ҫˣʲôܿԡ
壬ôԶһ֣֪ˣм
}B̾Ϣһ𽥱дʷ֮УԽԽѣ缫Ƕɽ֮Уܱҵ}Bһӡ
Ҷ˼ҲһӱԼ˽⣬һֱأ弫ٳ֮С
ÿһҶɺϣҪȥѰңҲǵټ
}Bİɣһ죬ָϹʱڵҫƹء
Ҷ}BļվӣԼķȥ
}BЩŲȻ첻˵飬һ죬׿ڸҶ˵ġ
ΪҶҪҲҪԼҵ壬ʮ񣬳ΪԼұۣƹء
Ҷ뿪}BһҶ󱳣ǾҶ㲻һ㣬ҶϣӰӣ·˻عˡ


1718 
һȥ壬ۿ;ʹҶ߽ңϵƸֵҩ
ʼʱҶ㲻֪ҶҩĳɷϿһЩߡ
Щҩ֮֮ÿһö̷ȥпܱ֮ű壬ôںһǲö˵
ҶҲ֣ۿϢ𽥼أȷҶ룬ۿƵҩϵ֮
һҶۿͲ㱻ϵ֮Һþħ֮УдĻ֮Ż֮
ԺҶ㷢һֵ飬ÿԼ֮û֮֮Ҷϳص壬֮
ԭҶ棬ʹ֮ɹ˴
Ǵ˿̲ͬ߶֪ҪҶǰ֮ǿٱ
̤ҶÿظͬĻƿػ棬һαһϸ
ΪۿƵĵҩѶҲӣҪĴԼȷȣӣҶԪԼһּĿ顣
֪Ҷʺĵطʱˣ}BҲ𽥳飬Ҷ֮ɢȥ
ۿҲһƺ벻ҶˣۿͲڣǳȥѰҩȥˡ
˴µĵҩҩĵĲˣҪȥɼ£Ҷ}Bںϴ衣
}Bڿ˵˵𣿡
Ҷһֱ壬Ҳżϣ}Bʵ˵ǿ
}BϵϢܿһƷ磬ѹֻᱻץߣū
˵Ĳҵȷ˵ĺᣬסɽ
}BڳˣԼĺˣסĵطɽ˵أǳңԶ}BҲշתüΣŴ
Ҷ˼һ£ɽס塣
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㾹Ȼ֪ݱʬ񣿡
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Ҷû⣬ֻǹɽûС
˵Ҳɽȷסźܶ岿䣬ֻ֪񣬻ڤ񡣡
}B˵ɽһЩ飬֮⣬һ䣬ڤ䣬֮ףƹˮ
ҶһϲȻҵˣɽס䣬ϷļҶ˲١
Խ̸Խ࣬}BҲӿʼǳ̸׷ſΪҶ̫˽ˣ˽}B磬ܶණ޷ȫ
Ҷ֣а취ϵ
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ҶûֻĿǰ㣬}BۿͿ϶׷飬ʱԱûˡ
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ʦ֣ˣ
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Сʮֿ϶˵
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ԭ͵ģڳϿʦƽ˲ǰźڳ뿪ĵǱ
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곤ӸС໥һۣ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫЩףۿôбˡ
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}BĿţ֪ҶţȻ}BܴӦ˶Ź϶ɱ

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Ӧǣ
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˵һ߰ĸ֣ɱҶ㡣
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ҶЦһһ˽ɾ
}BҪֹѾˣҶ˵ɱɱǹ֮ˡ
С߸ѹͿһĻŵٴ˹ȥ


1719 ͻ
Ȼɱһˣڶ˿϶Ҳɱ飬СҲնɱ}B˫֮У¶ŨŨĲ֮ɫ
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ǴǰԺҶ㶼Ҫɱǡ
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ô£Ҷʮ⣬Լĺˡ
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ڳƺʮ˽ȡҩģ¶֮ɫһСֱӻΪ촷ۣʧ֮С
Ҷӣɱ̫ˣǲۼ
Ϣһ죬
ڳϵϢԽԽ䣬Ҷ}Böһ£ܿصԼӣڹԹԵ취
ɫһҶͱץֱӽٴ
ͬĳҶܿȼػŨҵĻˡ
ƵĵҩЩ⣬Ҫĸϸ׼Ǽö𵤣ֲס̷ȥ
ڳϲóҩūãǿҶػԭɣǸм
İɣһŬ
Ҷӹ𵤣ϽڻǺöֵҩԺ߻֮ж⡣
𣡡
޴¯Ƿһ꺱ҩ˳ȥ뵤¯֮С
ŨҵĻ濾֮£ҩܿɿݣ˷ĩ̬Ҷʶһֱ¯档
ָµӡų֣һκڳϺȻ侲˺ܶ࣬Щҩǳÿһ궼ֵǡ
ӱܿڳ֮ҪѹסˣҪƳҩ
ǰƵЩҩԻֻ֮ѹơ
ʱٵţҶѾ䤱ˮ͸ϲá
Ӵ棡
ڳһȣ˫ֲϵ趯Ƴ֣¯סˣһ·͸ҩ֮Уӳֵҩ
һ˿˿ӣǵҶϣ͵Ҷļ⵽ˣʮܡ
ֻǳǿҶƤϳ˺ܶСڵ㣬һּ˺
֮£Ҷó𵤣ڳ֪Լ϶ֵôŨҵĻ档
ǿĻ棬ɢǻһҶڳ϶ûˡ
¯ãγһ֮ҶܴȻ˺Լˡ
滹ǲ
֮յĵҩҪҵĻſԣһĻ޷õҩγɡ
֮£ҶٴμӴ˻棬ûˣһˡ
ҺڣȻҶҲһʬ壬˵һ߽ʬ
¯ڵһ˿˿ҩ㿪ʼˣڳ¶ϲɫʮĳҶ˵ͷ
Ҷƿػ׼ȷǳǿ֪ԼʲôʱҪʲô棬ڻһ£Ͳһˡ
ԽԽΪҶӺڳַ֮УһЩ֪ʲôʱʲô
֪¹ȥˣҶˮƽӡ
׼ջҪƺû棬յ̫죡
ҩҪˣڳҲˣôҶС档
ҶԽԽСҩŨ飬Ҷһо
֮У϶ҩͻƵƷ
ʱ䣬Ҷ㲻ϵջ飬Щҩһ궼ɷݣиõġ
Ҷ֪һֶиı䷨ﲼһƬıһ죬ʮ꣬ҩ꣬ɷҡ
ҲпС磬ƬռǶģԺڳϵֶΣӦûﲻֻʣʸ񿪱С硣
۸ǲö˵Եһ硣
ĻȫϨ𣬵ҩڳͣһһҹҶ۵ſڵϴڵĴŴûǱ
𵤵ɢ֮Ҷϳ˺ܶˣǻ濾ɵġ
ڳŵҩʮָˣҶһοڳЦˡ
ǽģҪչأΧֹ
ҶڵϣڳóöҩӵҶǽҶġ
ϾöҩܳɹҶ㹦ûҶ㣬ڳϲ֪²Ƴɹ
лǰ
Ҷ㻹Ǹм˵һ䣬һνĵҩҪǰҪ󣬹һö԰Լͻһˡ
ûгɣ뿪صס֮Ҷ㽫}B˳
ҩȥ԰ͻƾ磡
Ҷóһöҩ}BϽͻƾ磬һƷ缸ǵ׵Ĵڣʵˣлӳȥ
}BĿһҶ㣬ǽӹ˵ҩԻص֮У׼ͻơ
ϥ£Ҷóҩһ̷ȥǿըƳĵҩҩԷǳǿһԳܡ
ҶѾǧһöҩܲס
ҩȥ֮ҶƷܿת죬Ԫ淢
ܹ컯֮ҶֽҺһΪȪʵҶ档
һɲǣҶʹﵽƷҲкܴĹϵ
²ϵû֮ԼҶѾͻƵıԵöҩֻһӣ˳ĽҶ㾳
Ҷ淿棬}BҲ˳磬²߲ݵڼ˳Ч
ҪǣõҶָ㣬Ͼ幦ǺƣҶ֮}BٶԽԽ졣
һͻƾ磬Ҷ꺣ӭɶŻ¶
Ŀǰ磬ҪŻЩѶȡ


1720 ֮
Ҷ㲻ʮ˽⣬幦Ǿͨ
}BһȻɣҶ񣬲Ȼô˶
һʱ䣬Ҷ㳹ȹ̾磬ϧϵԴʧҲ޷֧Ҷͻȥ
Ȼ編컯֮ʮŨȻ㲻Ҷ㡣
ҪԴǱ˾ű࣬ǳĿֲ
߳䣬֮ϣҶԶβܰҶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȥ϶ǰ취ɱСߵˣ˭֪ǻûͬ飬У֪ˣ᲻ҵźڳϲڣĵǱ
һǱвڳϲʱʱ̵̿Ĵһ뿪Ҷ}Bû˱ϡ
涼޷ϵľҶʮץ񣬴ӷ硢ɽ硢磬Ҷ㾭ĥѣһΣҶûκεͷ
䣡
ͻȻԶһڳϾסéݶƷˣ֪淢ʲô飬һɢ
Ҷվϣʮԥ}Bͻƣ鲻Ųʣڳϸ涨˲׼̤ء
ǻԽԽ󣬺ڳϳٳûгѵʲôΣղɣ
ڳҶٿĪˣԼںδ֪СߵϣҶ㲻Ӧһš
ڳųϣӦóµҪȡĵҩ
ųҪˣҶ}BѲ˸ϵūݣûеλ
ԥҶ㻹һéݿʶȥ鿴һ
ԽԽֵô飬Ȼûǰڳ˽£Ҳ̤롣
ʶҪչéݣܿӻ֮У˻Բѵĺڳϣڣɲͬͻ
Ҷ֪Ϣǳ΢ʱпܶ
ƴˣ
ڳϲˣҶ}BԶҪ뿪ҪȻڳϣлᡣ
̷һö𵤣Ҷ˻֮УóһƲһѰסڳϣӻ֮˳
뿪ѾݵéݣҶ嵽ԵһͰˮֱӽںڳϵϡ

ڳðһ̣¶ߣҶ˺üͰˮڳָ
Ҷ鿴ڳϵ壬ô£ΪͻȻ磬Ȼӻ֮Ӳ̫ˡ
ʶ鿴һܿҵԭںڳڲСߣںڳڲϵŰ
һСǺɫһǺɫ໥˭Ҳãڳ˼˺
Ҷ㰵Ծ̫֮ˣȻԼΪںڳת
ʱ䣬ͻɺڳľ飬Ϊһ
ҶҲֺ֮סˣȥڳľƶҪĴ
ڳ˲ҪҶ㲻ۣǺڳˣҶ}Bô죬ǹؼġ
ԺڳϲҪȻҶл·
ϥҶ˫ںڳϵĺϣԪֱӽ뵽ڳϵ棬ʼ֮顣
ֵˣ֪֮ҶԪ֮󣬾Ȼ˹ವһ뵽Ҷ档
Ҷһԭֻã֮ѹȥڳڳʱ䣬˭֪ġ
֮Ҷ֮󣬺ܿ컯ΪСߣɴ󣬽Ҷǰ֮ȫͬ
⡭̫˼ˣ
֮Ҷ֮󣬻꺣֮еŻ
ѵŻ֮ţ
Ҷ¶ɻ֮ɫƺЩף֮飬пǱԼŻġ
Ҷ֮˴֮ܿ̾ᵽҶ㵤֮Уɵ磬Ȼǵ
ûʱȥ飬ҶһԿ϶ԼĴԳƿƾɱƷˡ
Ϊڳϵʶѣ֮ʴڻĻָ
˫ۣǰվһӰڿܣΪܵ棬ܿͨ˺ܶණ
ȵң
ڳϿǰҶ㣬ƺһЩʱ̷˲Ƴ֮յ̷ȥ֮˭֪ĺ˳ͻ
Ʒľ磬ȻѹƲסɲͬ໥˲ͳ˺ڳϵ壬֮յɢֱӵȼéݡ
ڳϲҪóȻ˽أ
Ҷڳϸ涨סĵط׼Ҷ㻹ǽȥˣϧéʧһѷɻҡ
ڳϿЦһ֪Ҷ㣬ǳŪԼȻ䵽һūԼ
ȥɣ
ڳϰ˰֣ûйҶ˼ϾҶо֮Ҷṳ̂éݣѾһ߽ʬ
ҶûжصԼסһֱעߣҪڳһ
ֻϥԭأʶʼ壬Ű֮ʧˣȻ⵽˼ĴˣҪһزָܻǺڳȴ¶Ц⡣
ֻҪʧ˲ʲô⺮ĥʱ䣬޷ƾҪĥˣΪϵľ
ԭ֮յĵҩоͻữ⺮˭֪ûл⣬γ֮飬Ű壬ģ
ͨкܶණڳֻһûףԼ֮ȥˡ
֮ǰظо֮ڲʳʳľʳ
Źȥһյʱ䣬֮ʧˣ̫˼ˡ
ܿ콫Ҷéݣ֪ĹֻҶһˣ磬ȥѯ
ѯʣҶҲһ˵֮飬ҶǷˣŻ˵
ζĿһҶ֮󣬺ڳϼĿʼܵ컯֮޸
ֱȫڳϲվӣǳҪܾòָܻ

ҶϣڳϳҶ֣
Ҷһ˺ڳǰ
ǰʲôԸġ
ҶȻʮֻֿҪѲ˺ڳϵĿƣҶûһɡ
ʲô֣
ҶҲпһˣڳϾȻ֪ҶʲôҲİҶ㵱ūʱҪ֮⣬ʱҶ㶼Լ}BϷ
Ҷ㣡
ҶʮֹʩһڣҲҽܡ
ҵһۿ㣬֪㲻ūΪα˴ūг
ڳϹȻɵӣūгϣͷҶ㲻һ㻿ū̸ֹٵ£ܵ˺ܸߵĽ
ǰȻۡ
Ҷ㽫һһʮ˵˳ûԼǱǶԹŮġ
ڳϵ˵ͷɽżʣڳѾֲ֣Ҷں̸µĻټ
ʼգҶδֹ֮ɫǸԼԻ˫ʱעԼūܲһ
ڳ˺ܶū֮󣬶ǿ޿䣬ԼǼһŵû¡


1721 ָ
Ҷ֮󣬲ôģʱ̴ŵȻ֮ɫƺκ飬ܴݻһ㡣
ӵһʼҶͱ˲һ棬ڳʵͷˣֻ޷ˣΪҶôţȻūı䲻ʵ
ǰ飬úڳϸı˿ͨū˴𣬾ԲȥȣûߣӵԶԶġ
ҶûôΥ˺ڳ֮ǰҲûгûߣƾһ㣬Ҷг֮
벻ָɣ
ڳͻȻһҶ㶼Цû⣬˭ָɣżˣ¿ˡ
Ҫߣ
Ҷûֱӻش֪鲻ô򵥣ƾԼһͷԼ뿪Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰܷߣ
ڳϹȻҶߡ
ֻҪֺˣ֮Ϳ뿪ˣ
ڳϼ˵Ҷ¶һ˿ϲ⣬ܿڸȥ
ʱ䣬һգ۾ͻȥˣڳϵ壬Ҫ²ָܻҪҶһЩ
ڳʾ
Ҷ֪ڳϼȻסԼ϶ҪԸȻƽ޹ʵԼ¡
ܴ
Ҷ̸ǳֱˣڳֻһ仰Ҷ˺ܶ࣬úڳϸǸ߿һҶ㣬𽥲ǵһūһ˵Ķ
ҲǺڳϰԼ̫ˣһֱû˵ҶϢʮ־޴󣬲ᵽʲôҶ㶼ܶԴ
úڳԽԽ𾪣Ҷ㿴䲻󣬲Ƕ㣬ҶҲܶࡣ
漰һЩĸԪأشҶҲԼļ⣬֪ڳϷһʿͣҶΪһ
ڳڱ쳵ȻƷϽһѣͨҶ̸ȻֳʵУָоþûгˡ
ĵҹ˲ŸԻȥϢڳϻصϢҶȰʱ򣬸}Bһ𣬰ڴһݡ
ɫһ}B糹ȹ߳ʧéݣЩţ֪ʲô顣
}BȥЩľһӣ
Ҷк}Bȥַľ
Ҷ㣬
ʱڳϣ˳кһ䣬Ҷ
ǰ
Ҷľһ
ҵƣƣȥŹðȡһЩϸĿдˡ
ڳóһöƣһ¼ֵܶƤҶ
ҶǻһߣȻһţҶûв´ڳҪһЩƵҩԼǰȥϾ廹ˣȵ飬䵽Ҷϡ
Ҫ}Bȥ϶ᱻ˵ܿͻᱻɱҶ㲻ͬ
ǰǵһδȥûϸͼ֮ġ
Ҷ˴֣Ҷڸһֻûʲô˺֪ʲôӵġ
Ų֣һ£
ڳָһ㣬һҶ꺣֮Уܿһ޴ˣҶ
˵ǴڣǿڵţŻʮ֮һ
ҶĵطһӴţڡ
ڳֻһ۵ĳ϶ѣóǰƵҩк֮֮󣬾Ͱᵽ
˽в֮Ҷ㻺˫ۣڵĵһŵ˽⣬һЩϸڻεĶڳƺĨȥˡ
ϾҶ㲻ڵˣй¶̫Ϣ
}Bľҳȥһˣ
Ҷ}Bһкֱĳȥ}Bһһ㶵ģ֪ʲô顣
ͻƵĹ򣬵׾ʲô飬ڳ϶Ҷ̬ȴı䣬Ҷ뿪
}BȻףһԿ϶ڳѾ˵ūˣҲǺȥƽȵĶԻ
ȥľ
}BڷڳϺǳһ䣬}BϽȥľˡ
Ϊʲô˸˲ôô󣡡
}BҲūҶҲū֮Ĳֱ֮࣬ҲΪ
}BȻûб־֮ɫܿ꣬ǸҶ侲ȣߴںܴĲࡣ
Ҷʮֹϣֺ侲}BǷȱġ
˺棬ҶȥһŽɽ£û뵽ڳϾȻסɽϣһɽ嶥γһκ
˳ɽҶٵĳɽ¸ȥȻ˺ڳϿƣҶûߵ˼
Ϊ}BڣΣҶ㶼ܶ}Bֻ}BܴԼǰɽҵ塣
ɽׯڼ˲ţҶΨһŵùˣֻˣҪǴǽɽ磬϶ܰԼ
ɵǱʣƴﵽһƷǾͷˣ޷ɽׯߵĸԶ
ֱҲ࣬ͼƷͻƿҶܴﵽܹ
ʱ̫ˣҶҪɽׯٵĳɳ϶иֻ֣ҪԼɽׯٷչ
}Bһ}B˵ڤ壬һˣѡʮĺѡˡ
һ·Сһ£ҶһڲƼˡ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬Ҷɽ£ǽȻҶ꺣֮УѾ˴ŵĵΣ侳һо
ΪĽܴҲܸߣÿһ棬ӡ·
ÿһԢ⣬ҶֻǶ̶̺ᴩͿ˺ü󷨡
Сܱɴ󷨣һһǵʽ
߽ܿܶӰζʮִæ󲿷ֶ𣬴һƷƷܿ
ӰӳûҶ㿴ۻҡ
磡
ǵӼֻе˸߼ʸΪϡ֮ࡣ
ʾ磬Ƕ̫ϳϼصԴۣܶţܳһǳˣΪ磬Ҳᳬ
ڣֻһۣѾˣҲƷʣǧˣҲ޷۾硣
۷־أܴﵽ߼ۣ֮٣ظֱֳ仯꣬м۳
ָҶܿ쿴һ޴ĸ¥ӦþǺڳ˵ĹˣȡܶԴ
Ϊ̫󣬲˶ʶҶİˣҲûע⣬ֱ߽֮С
̤Żһ̣Ҷ㱻ľ𺳣һ֧иڷУ⽨ǳĸߡ
ǧˣҿ˺ܶСƺСкܴĿռ䣬ЩֶΣʡԴ
һʮ˵ĴţҪĵ̾ԿɲΨһİ취ǲϵĿٳС磬άŵķչ
ҵȡҩҩĵطӴҶӣͷ̧۲ޱ飬һ۾֪Ϊһˡ
Ҫʲô
ûҶ㣬˵·𼸰궼ûгԹһ
˵ҪЩ
Ҷ㽫˵ȥֱƵӵǰ
۽Ƴһ˵ʼ⣬̧ܿͷҶ㿴˹ΪҶҪԴǳĿɲ


1722 
Ҷ㽻˵ܿһ
񵽵˵֪֮õ
ȻȳҶ㣬˳߿˹һӣ˭ŭ˹ԸǵˣûԸ򽻵
ǰⲻҼģֻö
Ҷûʲôʮ侲Ļش
ɽĵӣóĵƣ
ǺܺãҪҶóơ
Ҷֲڵĵӣơ
ʵɽĵӣҶˣԼһ֪ʲôɽ壬ʲôÿڣѹһƬհס
Ҷòƣ˶¶֮ɫѵҶ㲻ڵӣֻǴģһǰȡԴ뿪ڡ
ľֹһˣҲôģôӴҺܶԴǳ󣬶ڸ߼ϣҶһССôôණ
ᣬҶæó˺ڳϵƣŵϡ
ǺڳϵĵӣȡһЩ
Ҷûκʱﵨӣ϶⵽ɣֱӴһ㣬óڳƣ֤ԼǺڳϵӡ
Ǻڳϵĵӣǳ˳飬ƺԸڳϣ˭֪ڳѲ棬ڵӼԶԶء
ڳʲôʱյˣ
ԶۣЩ⣬ڳϼ궼չӣҪʲôȥūг
СӲǸūɣڳϴȡ
˴Ż֮ɫ̫ˣڳϴû˵յӣͻȻðһˣȷʵ
۷׷ףǺڳϵĵӣ̫ΪҶ㣬˼٣Ҷľ磬ôܵȡڳϵơ
һ˳ʥҩкܶ൤ҩǻָƵġ
ӲҶһɨеĶװЩҩ̫ˣҶ㶼ʮ۲Ҫ֮ռΪС
ǸҶ㣬СʧԴҶ㻹һ죬Ҷ׬ȡʮٱԴࡣ
ʰ֮Ҷ㳯ȥΪܶ˶ע⵽ǴŲĿ⡣
Ҷ뿪ãܿкüӰĵʧˣҶӰһɽ֮С
뿪ڣҶСһɽ֮ȥֻеɽۣǺڳϾס֮ء
Сӣվס
ܿ죬ҶǰӣסҶȥ·һˣһŮ·һ
˭ΪҪסҵȥ·
⼸˸ղڹҶһֱǴŲĿ⣬滹Ǹ
СӣҪװͿˣǼͷ㶫
¶ЦղҶ˴ԴЩԴҶģõһ㣬άһʱˡ
˼ûҪĶ
Ҷ̯̯֣ʵԼԴķѵˣͻƷ
СӣҪղŻôԴһ㣡
мһֱ˹Ҷ㽻һԴ
ɲУǺڳҪԴѵڳϵԴ
Ҷúڳϵͷܽ߸ãΪҶҲ鷳
ʦ֣ϻʲôֱóһЩʱߺڳϣԼСˤˣ鵤䵽ɽ£ֻ·ѡ
˴̣ڳҲ˵ҶԼˤûйϵ
˴̣Ҷ¶һ˿ɱ˿ƺˣƸҶ㣬ڳҲûΣ϶ϡ
СӣҲ֪ڳｫȻǼ㵹ùˣ
һ֣Ҷм䣬ǿӶҶϵĶ
һɨʵ۵ףƷƷʵܲڣҲϵˡ
Ͼӷǳϡ٣洫ʥһ࣬󲿷ֶӶࡣ
ʦ֣ʰ
Сӳ˳ȥƷһ־֮ƣɽûǰ˺ڳס֮⣬ܵ
һ֣Ҷ㻹Ѱ죬Ǿ£̫ĺ䶯Լڵĵӣǧй¶ݡ
СӳԼҶ¶һ˿֮ɫŲһ̤ͻȻǰһŲСӵǰ
ҹ
Ҷ˶Ĥʹ۲ɼٶȣҶһȭȳСӵǰ
ȳȭҶˣռϷ磬ȭͷʵʵĻСӵϡ
꣡
ͷѵˣʮֲ̣ȻҪսҶͳ״ǣԺҲǰ¡
ĹͷʺѪҺĵǣСӼô£͸о崫һʹ
ȫʡˣ׻ԣûʮ£Ҳ޷µߡ
ɫ䣬û뵽ҶʵǿССƷȻһȭƷⲻ˼顣
ϣ
վмͻȻһȣһӳ֡
ԭôԸ⣬ûΥվ˳Ʒʵǿɲǿѹ֮Ҷ
ƷҶ㲻Ҵ⣬ҪȫԸ֮ˣҶȭͷ֮ϡ
ֵ֮һ̣ܿռҲ΢΢һЩ仯ƺҶˡ
Ҷ㿴ƾǰȴõʮֹ죬֮Եߵ
ʲôΪγһ֣
ҶǰһһŮȴ¶֮ɫȻһȻ֡
Ҷѳ󣬵˳Ѿˡ
䣡
Ҳ˳ȥѪӿҲһͷԽһС׻ԣԼж
ʣһһŮ໥һۣӱ˴֮УһĨ֮ɫ
ҶƷ
ǣʵʲǡ
˴˿뷨Ҷֲ̫ˣһоƷ֪Ҷ˴֪θ롣
ȻҶ׵Ļ֣ܶҶ֮֮飬˲ܶ֡
ߣҵʲôҲûзȻǾǰ
Ҷ˵˿һ˿顣

ʣȽϴʵҲߵһԪǳҪ߳һȼ
ͬƷʵȴкܴĲ죬ŮӣƷҶѹ
ʦãһ֣
ǲұ֤һܻҶ㣬׼һ֣ͻܴ
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˲ȥڤ粻飬ҶɱԽԽŨūҶѽĸնɱ
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һȣһ֣ǵص似Ҷк磬֣ɽࡣ
ԼԹˣ
Ҷɱ¾֮һضѪ
Դ
Ҷʩչ˴ԴɵĽ˹赲ɱ¾֮ǵٶȡ
ԽսԽҶʵȻ˿ɲԴǳȫ޲ߡ


1723 ¥
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ï֮ܵУҶҲҴʩչƻĻҪ鷳
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ҶһңʮܣҪԵľ˵꣬޷Լ塣
Ҷ˭ӵŻʱֽ׵ĽյһɶȫӰ첻Ҷ㡣
꣡
һֱ۷һҽУŮ嵹ɳȥҶ˺һֱۣѪܡ
һˣʣһ˸ǲΪ壬ֵʩչҶ㻹ǹԼݣûпʩչǿ
ƾɱ¾ά֣ڰ֮飬ǵߣҶ㲻ϵռϷ硣
ߣϵľܿһҲҶƷɣһֱ۵ɳȥɱ¾֮նϡ
ˣ˶̶̼ʮʱ䣬Ҷȫ
Ҷûнɱɱڵĵӣʹˣڳ϶Լͷһµǿԡ
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ˣҶҪ˿϶ˣڳҲԼ뿪Ŀǰʵƺڳһƾ˽ԼҪܿ϶С


1724 
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ҶڳϹĲˣˣڳϼɵ¥ƿߡ
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˶ǰҪ¥ˡ
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Ҫأ
ڳҪأصһɻ֮ɫ¥ϸ涨𴳹Чֻſԡ
Ϊ𾳽̫ߣ״أҪõʥˮҪҵء
ҵĵӣҴأ
ڳ˵꣬ҶƵǰ棬ȻҪҶأҶｫڳһٴһ顣
ˣˣ¥֮󣬾˳أȫʧܣǾƷ
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ʧ˻ô
Ҷ㲻ıģʧ˻ΣںڳϲԼ˵飬֮ԺˣǺڳȲʵġ

ޱ˵ڳɫҲЩѿԭǴҶġ
ˣһǧŰˣһڣȷҪԣ
˻ǲŴҶ֪Ѷˣһдأ޷ͷˡ
ڳϣǲҪһ˵
ȻҶūݣûϣԷԼԼȡʥˮƣƭ
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ҲӦأ
ҶĻشӦڳֻΡ
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Ҷ˼ʮʱ䣬ڻǴӦˣΪûѡء
ԣֻҪõʥˮҲ뿪ǴԴ
ҶӦڳ¶ϲɫ
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ڳΪҶѵĺѡҶ㶼޷سɹκ˶Ƕġ
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ҶҪúڳھʹ}BڻصڣһڳϷڣû˵ȥ
ģȥӴȥɣ
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лӵѣѾӴ򿪹ؿɣ
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һʱ䣬Ŀ꣬ȷǹأʧ
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ûκ˼ʱ䣬ƾ⣬Ҫһʱ䣬Ҫ˼һᣬ϶ᳬʱ
Ҷ˵˿˵ʲôҲǶģһĿܿҶĻ꺣֮УСٵݡ
֮ԺҶСϵ֮֮ҲͲ
һĿĴ¶İҶ㲻õĻݽߵ
ܶҶѹûнӴΪ磬ܶණҶʮģȫ
С֮Ҷ˳⿪Ĵ𰸡
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ѹֺڳҪҶأӸҶ̸֮У֪Ҷ֪ʶǳĹ㷺ҲֻҶ㣬һ߻ᡣ
ס
Ҷеһʱ򣬴֮Уһ׵ƺЩš


1725 
һ𰸱Ҷдܶ⣬Ҷûʱȥ˼ֻȼ¼ڻ꺣֮С
һ漰ͻƵ磬Ҷֻ֪ͨСݣȻ˸һֳ
֮飬֮棬㣬ĵ
֣д֣Ҷ㽫֮εļԺ֮УҲԺԼͻʱó
ʱʣ࣬ӻһС뻹δɣҶ˫ʼӡһֱӡ뵽֮ϡ
ҺҶޱǿ󣬴ʱǾƷƶĸˣܽһžȫꡣ
ѹ˵ˣһ˳ɹƾһأж˾ųɵˣ˵һ֮ϡ
Խ棬ĿԽԽѣܶǣһЩ⣬Ϲʱڸ֢֮лȵ⡣
⼸ǲɵ񣬳ʾп˽ô࣬۷Ҳ޷֮ȫԡ
һյʱ䣬ʮӣҪǧĿҶҪ¥ĳ嶯Ĳأġ
ʱ¥ڲҲشʣ˴ˣ䣬̫ˣ꣬ûԸð
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ʱ䣬ҲֻһߵһأȻʧܡ
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ǴϣŮܼ¥˹ɫȻҲᱻ¥С


1726 ˷
ŮʵƷؿĲǸʵʵԽԽĸ֣Ӧԡ
Ҷû˷κζʱ䣬ɱ¾֮һͷͻֱӳ˳ȥ
ɱ
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Ҷ㵹ãŮҲ飬˵־ͳ֣˿档
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˵ӣ֮С󷨣Ʒˡ
ɱ
Ҷ㻹ɱС󷨣ȫסҶ㣬һͷ֮УֱײҶԼǿϵıƽ
ЩŮƺԸҶӲӲҲǲӦǿȵսܿͱɳȥΣҶնɱ
̶һʱ䣬һɢڿ֮УӰӦһطҶ㽻֣ͶֻӰѡ
ģһɣ̫ʱ䣡
Ҷ㿴һܣȫ֪ںδֻܴһʣһʱ䡣

Ӱ߳һŮӣ俴ʮ꣬ﵽƷʵҪǰܺͻҪǿ
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֪ҶĺῼǶԷǲŮˣֵ̳ʱ䡣
һŮȳˣҶᣬǿѹ֮ҶƷʵҪȸղǿһࡣ
ƷΣҶֲûлܹͬһͷҰ޾ѣҶϣɢһɼȿֲϢŮҲоˡ
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ŮӺܿ챻ҶƵԶ޷һˣƷȻԵֵ

һ׵ˣŮֱӰ޾׵磬˲佫û
Ȼ֮Уһļž˴˵ĺһ


1727 ľ
նɱˣҶѾɱʮˣڶػûʾͨ
ղŻˣʧһ̣˳ˣһɫƷҶѹԽԽ
ƷҶԾԵѹˣҶоһѹˣǸ߼ɢϢܸо
ɱ
ҶһͷŭĿֱӳ˳ȥ
ҲʾԷһҶѹ˹ҶܵǰδеΣ߼ƷɱһİƷ
似һҪǷ侭Ĵɽѵơ
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ֵҶϳ֣Ǵɱ¾иȵȡ
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ǧǰʮҶ㼸չ¶һңôȡ
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ƷնɱƷսž
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ʧҶΪˣڶӦóɹԶԶֹһ˳֣һεϢҪһθǿ
Ʒ
Ҷ⣬˰ƷĿǰʵҪսʤƷܣ˵ҪеĵƲһ߻ᡣ
Һ㣬ɱˣǵյˡ
Ȼ¥˺ɱҶ㣬ҲҶʵССƷɱôˣѾ漣
ȻҶ㴳ʧܣҲԽǰ漸ǧˣﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ϻ˵ְɣ
ҶøǆȥһɱһһֱɱΪֹгصһ̡

ŮƺԸҪᶨ˺ܶ࣬ûܵҶٴ̼вʴһ裬ֱӽҶס
һƷ֮֮߳һȼʵ߳һǼʮࡣ
ҶҴ⣬԰ƷҶʤ㡣
񣬳֣
һҶ㲻Ƕ֣Ҷлˣһˮľ긨ۣ֮Ҷ㲻㶯á
һʩչ϶ᱻԷǻþǲʩչۣ֮Ҫʵɱֲſԡ
Ҷ񣬴֮з֮ҶķȻһͷħ壬ȷҶȪѲĹϵŪǻȪʥڵĵӡ
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ŮҲһ㶣ҶķʵܲȻҶ㱾ʵһҶսƷҶ㣬սƷˡ
ɱ
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Ȼˣ߱ʽĦ޴۵ĳֻĵӲŻ
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һʽһʽѹסŮҶǽøֵ⣬Էѹ
ƷԼƣѹҶ㣬Ҷ㲻ᡣ
ˮľ꣬мְգ
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Ҷ֪ˮľһ̰ļһκ飬ҪۣȻҶ㡣
ԣҪʮöΪۣ
ҪЮҶõĻᣬˮľ굱Ȼ˭Ҷ
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أأ쳽Ϊأ
ҶأҲأ춼ǳҶҪһʱ֮䣬쳽л߳ɹأȻһӶݽȥֱ
Ҷϥ£̧죬ǳתҶͷĿѣУܿ˶ת޷ֹͣ
ѣθԽԽǿһǿϮҶҪ˯ȥԶҪѹ
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Ϣѵ۵ĵӣ
ιùѾľ˳մ״ĴۣƹĴ硣
Ħ޴һִ졣
ħĻȪʥǻȪһִ졣
Ȼһֵ졣
磬Ȼһֵ죬Ĵۣƹ飬ϵİ壬ͬһϳˡ


1728 Ʒ
֮Уܶ˲֪Ĵ۵кֻ֪֪
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ΪΪǣصߵֻأߵ
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صߵֻԭͷϵǳȻɽԭ쳽ߵߣҶ㲻֮޷
ֵˣҶأǳΪǳˮһֱӿ뵽Ҷ档
ǳ֮ˣֱӴ߶Ҷľ粻һľҶľ˼ı仯
ƷֱӳƷǳѸ٣֮Ҷ˳ͻһ硣
ҲҪκεԴ֮еǳԴҪ񾧻Ҫ
һ¥ٴ𾪣رҶƵ˲˵ǧ쳽ҲҶһգ¥͵ʴףǮȥˡ

ҶҪ쳤Хйǿ쳽̫֮ǿҶ޷ȫգֻ֮ܽѹھħ֮УԺԲϵʹá
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ⲻһ䣬Ҷ߽һȣΪ˹ֻҪҶԸ⣬ȾҶˡ
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ǮŮȨҶֿɵãֻҪҶ˵ͷЩġ
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ܿ쿴ͨľͷһػδʾͨȻڿҶ㡣
һ·ϣҶ㶯ҡΣÿһζѣҶһδεѹߵһ
ûҶȻǿҲֿ۲õջֻҪˣ֮ģȻӸջ
ҶҲˣȻɫȨҶ׷ġ
һŻˣѻɽԴ֮Ĺһֱ۾Уһжʵʵ
һööӨ͸ıʮˣֻҪ̷һöҶͿͻһ磬ϵ̷ȥͻ۾Ҳǲܡ
ջ˭ܿܣջʵʵȫ˼١
Ķʵģǻþ¥ĲرأĶѡ
һϵˣҶ㣬Щʵģǰ漸أȻʵȻлþС


1729 ʥˮ
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Ҷ°ͣȷʵĶˣԲԴ뿪ͻһƷʣջ˭ֵܵ
ﵽʾԺҲǴˣ绽ֻ꣬Ҫ߼ʣۣǣԿɣҲԽԼĸĸ
ϵϵջҶ㣬ֻҪҶͿ뿪ˣʮˡ
ջ󣬹ԵֵôõĹ⣬ҩ缫ټ¥Ҳռ˼ǧŴôࡣ
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1730 
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1731 ԩ·խ
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1732 һ
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1733 ͬ
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Ҷûͣ벨֮Уһ㱡ĤԻãһ˾ϵûҲ򲻿ܵ
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ͷӴƺ˵⣬Сһ֪ҶݣҲ֪С׵ݣͬ壬ɱҶ㡣
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С׳Ҷ˵ղŵĽޱ˴˶׽˲١
Ҷ¶Ц⣬ֻҪСһľͺðˣҪշһͷ벽ޣԼǿԺɨɽˡ
СףܲȰһ뿪Ժұ֤ǶԴһԴ
ҶС׼ϣͨСף޹˳ԼҲһ֡
С׺ܿύһͺ֣ԣҶһҲ
Ǵŵ˼Ҷ㻹ˣС׵ıϣҶͿԷƺԸ⣬ҲԸū
磬Ը뿪ҲϷ뿪˵ʵ̫ͣҪﰲմﵽĸ߶ȡ
СԴûнȰŸҶһߣԼ޷뿪ˡ
ỹһ֮ڣ羳Ȼѡߣһ㡣
Ҷһ֮ɫС׽˵
С׽һҶüͷչԷȻƲԼľ磬ϾһƷȥ쵼һ벽˵ޣҲܲ
ҶС׵֮УҲᣬƺԸ뿪Ҷߣʮֹ¶Ҳû˵Ҷǳæµ
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1735 
һʮˣСϪڷһɽڿ촶̣ʮΣһҲ
ԶԶȥɽ˺ܶ෿ӣȺҲжԺ䣬һ䣬Ӧ峤֮ء
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ǲ壬ڤ壬嶼ǳªģ⵽䣬屻һصסˡ
СѲˣȻֳªķʽ档
أ
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ߵļŽǣκһϣ
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ҪףʽĺŽ೤͸һϲ졣
ڵĺŽǣ͸һɺأǲɽڻüӭʽ֤дｵ١
գۼĹ岿˳ˣһվ棬ʲô顣
岿֮У߳ʮ׳Ĳ壬Ӧö岿ǿ׷׳֡
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ҶԭҲôģǻָ֮󣬰ٵճȥԼѾ˴㡣
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˵
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֮У˵ͷҲвҡͷ磬Ƕôһ뿪磬²ܵ
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ˣĽãǻصɽ磬϶ᵹˣȶˣʵҲۿۣԺθˡ
һվҶʵ


1736 Ʒ
һһͬҶҲ˷ԣΪɽ磬岻ûǰڵˡ
޷ͳһҶ㾲ţкõİ취Ȼ֧֣綯ַǧ꣬뿪ɽȥ
һϣҲ鲻һԲߣֻܵȵڤ嵽һ顣
һҹʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ڰָ䣬ɫ֮ǰȫָģ
壬延ڣ׷ףǿһǧˣڵԽѡ
ɫ΢ڤ峤ϼȫϵȫָһ¶˷֮ɫֱӽãȰݼˡ
죬Ҷһֱ壬ȥһڤ壬ȫָࡣ
ˣ뿪ɽﲻȫˣһܷ֣ʩչ䣬ֲڣŪû⵽塣
ŵٴڤһϲһȫۼһ棬Ҷ㡣
ˣҸڤ峤һ£Уǵɽ֮Ȼɽգһȥˣһ磬磬Ժ˻ع飬Ҳи
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鲻
Ҷ˵ͷҪȫɽ磬ȷʵһ⣬ҶĲ֪ΰ١
һ룬ɽ磬ҶܶƤڴ½һС壬ŵĵλտһ£ȫԡ
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ˣ𣿡
ˮһۣһ˵ģڤ
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֮ǰûʲô͸㣬֮Ҳҵһ⡣
˵꣬ڤָһ㣬һ͸ɫĹҶ档
ʱ䣬ҶըΪ֮سˢҶ塣
ָо⻹ˮ֮Դһֻδγˮָо֮ϣһγɣ꣬ϣˮ
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Ҷ˳磬ڤü¶һ˿Ц⣬ˮһɢʧ֮䡣
ȵҶѹʱѾˣʧҶ¶һ˿į֮ɫ

ݵط꣬ȴõҶ·Խ£ʮߵһҲ·𿴵Ϲʱڣʮͳصĳ
ʧҶʶһ˻ٵһöԺõࡣ
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Źȥһյʱ䣬ҶȻͻƵ˰ƷҶҶ棬ʲô
ȿȣôҾõˣ
ҶɿȼΣڼڤ飬Ҷû˵ڤҲûиǣԼһֱڡ
ʱһ֧꣬ҪѣŽᡣ
Ҷʶ벻Ķһ״ӱһʮֹŹ֡
滹δδʱţѵױ
Ԫವһ뵽ױ֮УȻһƬ磬ҪҶ綼Ҫʡ
Ϊ磬ʱһҶղվĵطʱʮ֮һڿһֿʮ֮һ
Ҳ˵ʱ䷨ûͬģÿһ򣬶Լʱ䣬п
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Ҷ˵ˣݼǰԼĳ֣Ҳʧ֮ʱ
̫ˣӦҰݼŶԣҵô꣬εˡ
æֹҶ㣬˲ΨһǵĴڣǸˡ
ǰѾɽʲôԸ˵ɣ
ҶѾƽʱ⣬ʮϣ˽һЩϹʱڵ顣
ףʮֻһԸϣˣԻ͡
뵽˻䣬·صϹʱڡ


1737 ħս
ʱתҶǰʱڿٵתܿϹʱڡ
һˣ¼ʮƹأδأθء
ǧ磬һƬͣܺõҲģ
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ϹʱڣԶʱڣٵʱڣÿһʱڣһ磬Ǽ꣬ʮ귢չ
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ⲻܵõı仯Ҷˣ·Խ£Ҳ
ָ⾳һܸ
ûаҶ磬ǰľ磬Ҷ㾳һֱͻƣľûжı仯
ȻĿǰʲôʱˣЩҶİʯ
ľϣᵼ¾粻ȣƿҶһͿˣʱ֮Ҷ㾭ﶬֻأرǨ
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įʱǨʷǨҶ㶼ˣÿһҶ·졣
˿ǸճӤҲǻ˼ϹϹʱڣһߵڡ
ʱ佻ĸоҶһʱ̻Ӧˣ·Լװһʱ޷ֹͣ
ܰľôˣúøɣ
һʧҶȻڲʱ䣬һ͸Ҷƿʱ䣬ĸıʱ䡣
˫һܵرˣҶǰʱ
ڽʱҶ㿴͸ǰָ㣬Ҷʱ䷨
뿪ҶԸıʱʱ䣬Ҷ㾳ޣʱҲޡ
ǳԽ۵Ĵڣ̧֮䣬ͿԸıʱ䷨Ҷָ߶ȣкԶԶ·Ҫߡ
Ԫص棬Ҷ϶һ˵ζ֮У˶Ӧˣȴ鲻
ˣǲǼ棿
廹ڤҶϣ⾳ܵѪ
ǴҶϵϢжϳҶ϶ǵ档
ûڤ񣬻ҶˣҲõǵĴУ
Ҷ˵ͷû
ȻҶȫ£ʼʹ飬ԭôЩ꣬һֱû뿪ǣĬĬػ
Ҷ㾲ĿţĴзǳҪҲ¡
ȴҶ޹ˣһվֱӣһ֮ɫ
ˣЦˣʱ䲻ˣǰϢһ£ʲôʱ
峤Ҷ㹧˵
ã
Ҷ뿪ãֲʱ䷨򣬾ٻҶҪȥúóһ¡
죬ƵƵϢ̤ǨƵʱֻǰһ
˵ҶҪһȥɽ緢չ壬ѡʮˣһɫǱǳĴ󣬰ҶȥҶ㡣
һˣһ죬ɽΪҶĺܣ򲻵ѣй¶ݣһлҪҶԼ
ʣ¼ҵҶص磬ô㿪ʼ
һв׵ΪҶڷ磬Ѿѡᣬʮȫңһֵ䷲磬һ硣
ҶİţȫֻͬҪܸҶ㣬˭̳˶ҪҪǴ˼ɡ
ǴǨƣɽˣҶս֮Уǽˮϴ硣
ˣҶǴܵߣСڣûʲôΣա
ٴμҶ㣬Сײϵǣ֪ҶҪصɽ磬Сᡣ
ЩӲҶԵĸоСʵҷǳĿ١
һ뿪˻Į֮󣬸ԷֿͨѶʽֻҶع顣
ˣףջع飬ǾĹ
峤ˣһҶ¡
˵֮УҶ뿪˻Įֻ¼ͬԼߣЩ˶Ҷ㾫ϸѡġ
}Bһ}뷷ǵҪڤ꣬ҶΪҪҶһ¡
ұۣҶɽ磬Դһǿľɽׯ
֮Уʮصɽ磬ɽׯ˲Ծһš
ĳҲñˣǷڼҶûжʱˣץùھܿ·
ˣҪȥ
}뷵һ뿪ɽ磬ʮֺ档
껹ҶһҲһ֮ɫǴӳڣһֱɽ֮У磬һֱ
ͨ·
⼸˸Լ£ҲûʲôһҶ˿Ҳ
ŮӣĸҶԸȽϻãҲȽ϶࣬ԴԸȽϳȡ
}СҲһ·һ
ͨ·ʲô
һɻ֮ɫͨ·Ǻ˽⡣
ͨ·ǵγɵʱݱһͨҲʥ
ʥݽߣͨ·ʧȻڣҪͨ·һû˿Ժȥ
Ҷ򵥵˵һЩһʥ磬ӷ絽磬ϧʥͨ·Ҳʧˡ
ϹʱڣֻҪ˳ʥ֮ϣҲΪˣħս֮Уʥ⵽˻ԵĴʥ֦ɣɢ֮С
Ҷ͵õöʥ֦ɣһϣһСľ
Ȼͨ·û˿ԴȥΪλҪǰ
}뷲Ҷ˵ìܣɵ飬ΪҪȥ
Ϊֻͨ·ǲлصɽ磬һΪ޷취
ֻˣΪĴԣԼĽŲֻ˵־ᶨܵϢš
ԭˣ
Ҷˣ뿪壬ó˴ԴҶ㡣
һǰҶɽ緢չڶ֣ǰҶ㣬ϾԴǣɽԴѷ
ҶҪ벻Դѻ
һ·֮ϣҶ㶼ô·壬Ҷʮö񾧣Ʒɾǲ
ЩɽĿھֻһСֶѡ
˿̵ɽͻȻһȺһϢǿʵĶﵽʾ磬ɽӰûˡ
ôЩ꣬û뵽㵽Ϊһˡ
һǿ߷ɻΪյϢ壬ȸϵʱѾǨˡ
һǰ֤϶ڣ̶̼ʱ䣬ߵһɶ
֮Ҷڽܹ쫷磬ǵһҶۡ
ǵħս𣿡
}Bһ·ϣ˽˺ܶϢʮ񣬾䡣
ûսͨ·Ӧþ
δս˿ʼܲסˣĿռ䣬˺ǵ


1738 ˰
ڵĵ棬ɺգ·Ŀ
ħս㸲˼ǧҪȼʮҪ󣬵ħڴս֮С
ʥҲһսһͨ·Ҳʥĵط
Ϊʥᴩ磬γһͨ±ǨܶطѾѣܵĿռ伷ѹͨ÷ǳС༫ѹȥ
ħսʮֹ죬ǳأǼԵֵȻص֮С
Ҷ㽫ս棬Լһ˶ħս
Ȼ磬Ǽˣṳ̂ҲǸ˰µ·̣Žħսĵؽ硣
ܲܽ뵽ħսһδ֪ƻҪһʱ䡣
ʣԼһˣҶжˣʩչҶٵĳħս
ͻƵ˰ƷҶʵﵽһֲĸ߶ȣδƷ֣ҶԼ򵥵ģһƷԼһƾ
ΨһвԼģֻа벽
ҪսҶ㲻ʱ򣬾͸һһƷֱ֣ʧܣ̫
ɽһˣҶ֮УǾ׵翼飬
ͣ
һֱӻҶ壬ףҶ˿ںܿϣԽԽ࣬Ǵս֮Щ⻹δɢȻܹ
һֵ⣬ʩչ껹ܲɢöôǿ
Եλʩչһ꣬趯·Բ˿һء
ǰ־ҶȻԼһˣȴܼǰĹЩ˼ǧ򱶣ȻǿĿɲ
۾˲٣ǵĵ꣬Ҳ޷⡣
ղŻҶľһ⣬ϾþòγɶصĽࡣ
ôֵ⣬ҪҶգǿԼĵ⡣
ҶЩ˷ܣЩЩȱĵ⣬˼꣬ǰʮСֻ˺һЩͼ
Ｋ̤㣬п䣬ҶҲðһԣϲСҶǰ۲쵽һЩ
ػҶŸ޼ɵĴħսȻҲǱɡ
ħսҶ㽫֮ʩչ޼ɵļħʼЩȱķ
ÿһ򣬶һˣҲ¼һ£ħսǧ۲μӣʸʤֻڻҡ
ħ廹࣬
Ҳһսʥ屻˳ȥҲһսħӴ˲ħֿ
翪ʼħģһֱħ磬Ǵδսֿ֮
ЩɽķҶȻصɽ֮ҪͻЩõĻʯ
Щͻָտɴ޷һ㾳磬ΪδӴ
Ҷ㲻ͬʷ۷ȻֻʣôһƣҲԱһ
ϵ룬ת֮䣬ȥˣҶ򣬸ֵ⣬кܶҶѹûмӦҲǧ֮һ
һҶͻЩ⣬ȡǧȫɹ
Ľ˵ֻһ˲ǧһ֮⣬κεⶼ
ħսޱ޼ʣħ֮Ҷ֪Լˣﵽ˱״̬
Ѱҵʥĵطҵͨ·
Сľľ֮ӦܸӦʥ֮أ
ʥȻʧˣĵط϶һЩϢˮľӦܸӦ
𣿡
ˮľѾʮ룬ǱһСͯģվҶϣڸӦʥ֮ء
û磡
ˮľȻʱȽ̣üвҶ㣬ǺͯԣҪٵĳɳ
ǰߣʥζ
ʥˣȻʧ꣬ʥľҲдڿ֮Уþ޷ɢȥ
Ҷľ֮⣬Ҳϲˮľ꣬ͬͬԴʥˮľ档
ҶٵĳǰߣȻһ˿ʥҶҲӦˣƽ棬ء
ܹ죬ˣ㷢ûУĵƺĵطһ
ˮľҲĴ鿴ҲΪˮľĹϵϰԿ棬Ϊĸ
Ҷܴûп棬ˮľᵽ
ڵȷһʱȽɫҲطһЩ
ˣҸо²һ㣬ҿȥ
ˮľóһ룬£овһϢʮֹŹ֣Ҫȥ
ãȥ
ͨ·رռˣҶҲ֪׻ڲڣҲֻһԣȻҪصɽ磬ĺѡ
ɽҶȥԼܵȣĸȲˣҲĸʱѾȥҶҪصɽ磬·ĸ
Ҷվԭأ²鿴ħսޱ޼ʣԣҶͻڻһˣոķ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬ˮľһ˷֮ɫﻹһڶľ
ˣ˵ûȷʥĵطʥǴðģӷ磬һֱִ磬ᴩ硣
磬ɽ磬磬һᴩ֪ʥôǿԽڡ
Ŷ
Ҷ¶ϲɫҵͨ·
ˣҲв˽ͨ·ϧʧˣ˰·ϣδܳɹ
Ҷٴ̤˵أ֪ܷɹ
ˮľ꣬Ҷһģϳһ޴ӡ
漴һ֣ӵð˳··һ޴ܶҶ£һһ˶ĶѨ
ûκԥҶһԾ뵽Ѩ֮УͲܿƣڼٵµ
ħսȻɣ紵ղҶվĵطһµȥָԭ״˭֪ղ˴ȥˡ
½ٶԽԽ죬Ҷֻܱ۾ܲܣΧʹʲôиҶ塣
ˣ
Ҷֱӵˮ̶֮Уֱĺ⣬Ҷ壬û˶¡
岻ϵΣƺ̶ûоͷҶһյʱ䣬ǿͷ֪䵽˺δ
ʲôطΪֲָںδ
Ҷʶϵɨ䣬ȫյ磬ʶ͸ȥ̶ֺˮһ͸Ҷ棬Ҫˡ
֮
ҶγһųԵ̶֮Լȡʱ䡣
ȻҶߣѵ档
ʱ֮Ҷ㳹׻ˣ̶ޱ޼ʣ·һƬҶһɳӣԶβߡ
ϰף취
Ҷ֮£Ľ˳˶󣬼Ľ׼ʶ㣬Ҳа취
Ҷ˿̲һս֮УһҶֱӸͨϣ뵽취
Ҳ޷ͨ·˿Ҷͨ·֮УҲ¶֮ɫ
Ľҡҡͷ֪ںδȫˣֱӶҶ档
Ҷ㣬ûв´ӦʧѾõı˰ֻжɹ˰ִܵﺣĶ档
૵˵


1739 ʳ
˰֣Ҷ뵽˳˼
ԴĦҲ˱˰ճɹɹܶɹ˰ָ
һĺֻһ˵ʶ֮Уǲĺ޴ӿΪû˼
ҲһͷͨֱӶȹ˺Ķ棬ҲһҲ޷뿪˰ûʷĳ֮С
Ҳ˵˰ʵһ⾳⾳ˣһҲӭж⡣
ǿҲûа취ΪҲûҶҪҶԼȥ򣬶Ҵ˿̲˽˰
˰Ҫ򾳽磬ȻһӶ߲ȥ
Ȼ֪Ǳ˰ҶȥҲֻķ𲻵κεá
ʱٵţҶȫˣһľ֪硣
ܺϢҲһȥҶ˰뵽һ
·ȥ˼꣬Ҳ·ȥ˼꣬Ҷ֮ϣһ֮
ڲܲ˰ִ԰Ҷ㽫Ҫ׳ˡ
ϢԽԽŨҶϢҲڼ˱ޱ¿ݣʱҪήһ
ʱȥҶֻʣһƤͷܲľˣ˷·Ҫɢ
˰ֻܶȹ˰
Ҷƺһ˿򣬵һ̣ҶЩˡ
𲻶ԶɣΪ˰ֻΪ
º컨Ϊգɽﲻ༰
ҶͻȻðһ⣬ҫأܺˮ⸲ǣҶȻԭء
֮⣬絽ˣȻִ˱˰
˲Զɣ𲻶ԶɣɽҲ༰ʵ˰ԼĵˣҲ͵ˡ
⾳мܲҶҲֻأŸһ˿˰⾳
Ҷ˫Ŀʱı˰ʧˣһƬ磬ﻨ̣ȫһٵľ󣬸ͨ·ƺûκεĹϵ
磬Ҳʧʱ򣡡
ͨ·֮Уûɱȴе⾳ֻܲԶ
̤ŻݣҶ֪ͨ·Ƽ򵥣ʵǳգÿһߴٲ
ˣöʥֲӦöʥľǿԽ֮գ
ˮľҶ涼ӦˣֵܳĻݲݣʵʥ
Ȼʥʧˣľڣɢǧ磬˸ֻݣҩ
Ҳ֪ˣǲɵģ򵥡
Ȼܳ޾ľ֮Ҷ㻹ǲҴ⣬һǱ˰һ޷߳ȥԼ档
飬Ҷ㽫ʶȫ˳
ͨ·ʵʥɸɿ֮γɵһͨ
ܶطռѣ޷ԽñǱ˰һ⾳ҲǴʥ֮ݻ
ڳֵĳӦʥдľΪľ飬󿪻
ݡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ܶഥ룬ǳĶ࣬Ҷϯ
ã
Ҷ㰵һЩʳ٣һסľѪֱǳ
ȵҶ㷴ӦʱѾˣϣʳ٣˷ӿ룬Ҷû·Ҳ֪·
գۼĹҶ˫Ⱦͱʳٸסˣɱ¾֮һɨʳٱնϣҶָɡ
ԽԽʳ٣·޾ͬϫҶϯ
ɱ¾֮ϵ趯նʳ٣ֵˣʳٱն֮󣬾ȻֳǣԽԽࡣ
Ҳ˵ҶնϵԽ࣬ʳٵҲԽ࣬ɱӣñ󨣬ԭһնԺ󣬾ͱ
޷֮ɱĸоҶʮֲѵԼҪ˵زɡ
ܣ
ҶֻһĿģܳһˣľҶû֮ʳ١
ȻһЩãʳ̫ˣĿ£ÿһռ䣬Ҷ޿ɱܡ
ͣ
ʳͻȻסҶ˫ۣһҶ屻ֱӹһ֮ϡ
ʳٽҶ˫ȫסҲ޷һһ
ˣҪƵʳ٣õİ취ҵĻ֮֮նɱлԾȣ
ˮľʱˣҶ㣬Ҫʳ٣ҪҵĻ飬֮ƿȻܻ⡣
㻹ŸʲôϽѰһ飡
ҶʶԽԽʳٳ֣Ҷء
Ҷǿ󣬼壬ͱʳ˾Ѫ
ȥҲǰ취綼ᱻʳٳԵҪץʱ䣬ҵ֮
ãľϵӦûе⣬ȡշҾܽˡ
ˮľ¶Цݣԭ˵ҲǴ֮ԲӧҪҶҵ顣
ȻҪвҶˣҪԴ
Ҷ޵ģȵɽ磬һˮľÿһ꣬Դһꡣ
ʳԽԽҶ屻ϵģǳܡ
ˮľĴڵϲϵ죬ѰʳٵĻ飬һ֣ѰԼ
ľϵ飬õĴ֮ˮľҪɳҪԴԴϵľ֮
СľҵûУ
ҶҪŲסˣػĹâԽԽ֧Ų˶ˡ
ˣˣ̫ƻˣ֪ҪȻˣ
κԼԣʳҲһӵл飬Ȼôʳβٿصġ
ҿ㣬ҪˣҲˣ
Ҷˮľ꽨ԼҶˣˮľȻҲһˮľκ˶ƽʱ򿪿ЦУؼʱ򣬲һ˿
ˣˣ
ˮľĴԽԽֱ࣬˵£ʳһǿֲǸˮľȣһȡ
ˮľߣ룬뿪
ʳٲУԶľ룬ֻ׾룬ˮľӵԼǣҪʳٵǸ߳ܶࡣ
ѾҲҾҪˣ
ҶоһʳٲԼֱ棬ʼԼľѪҶʹ졣
ˮľûлػеĸȫ£ʧҶҲϵˡ
ľʧҶᣬȻķʽһƤ
ԼĪʮʱ䣬ЩʳپȻһήҶϵǳ֡
ˮľץĻ飿
Ҷһȣϵʳȫɣ䵽˵ϣһӣʥˣȻָ
ɣ
ʧȥôྫҶҪһɨĻ黹ľ֮Ҷգ䵽档
ղſľѪܿ첹
ÿһֲʥݻҶյĲľ֮ô򵥣ʥ
ʥ۶޷ƿҪȡʥϧһ˳ɹʥħս֮С
ϧЩ˺ܶ࣬ȻԽʥͻƵƷ
Ҷſϧ֮ɫΪԼ£ھ粻ȣ֮£Ҷ㽫糹ȹ
ֻҪһҶлͻƵƷصɽ磬ɱˡ


1740 ɽ
ܻݲȫʧȥʥǶͨĻݣʳҲݽȥ
ˮľӵ˳һȦҶ㶼һŹȥһյʱ䣬ˮľ˴
ôôഥ룿
Ҷɻʵˮľܳǧ룬۷ʱڣסʡ
ղŻʮ룬ð˺üаˣɵľסƷ
ʳٻ飬Ҳһǧ꣬ѾһЩǣյˣҼΪ
һ飬ˮľͶ˼ΪԼһЩľֻ֮ǲһЩҶҧгݡ
ѾĸϽǻҪ·
ҶһץˮľȻסƷҶǰһֱСһ׵
ΪƷҶһȭܴˮľֻǿһ£Բһȼ
ˮľһСܿһС뵽Ҷ棬Ϣȥˡ
ͨ·ж
Ҷ̾Ϣһǰ˭Ҳ֪Ҷֻʲô
£ͨ·ѱˣҶߵ˾ͷ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǵɽ𣿡
ǰֵĵɽ𺣣Ҷüͷ壬ͨ·һ˼ʹ࣬޷飬ﶼֳܳ
Զһɽεضɲһɽ壬ÿһöӴɣȥпܱ洩͸
ɽܣð棬Ǵ˵֮еĵɽ𺣣ȻˣҲ޷ȹ
ΪռĹϵ﷨סˣҶѹܷУҪɹȥҪŵɽ𺣣Ƭ
Ľ׿ŶֱüͷҶ㵣ģ޷ɹȥ˶Ҫˡ
ҶͻȻʮ˲ͨ·̫ˣѾ˺üѣȻﲻʮ˲㣬ҲҶƤ
ɽͨж೤Ҷ㲻֪Ҳһ꣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҳһ¾ܸϵ
˭ҲҶ㲻ֻ֪ƾԼ־ϵǰǰû߹·ԼһҪһƬ
Сӣ׼ס˵ɽ𺣣壬һּ
ĽҶһ䣬˼ѣ˶ܾõ
Խ࣬ȻҲḻԺĵ·ҲӼʶҲᾭһԵı仯
ͽоѪϴΨоɽ𺣣һˡ

Ҷ¶ᶨ־ϵɽ»𺣣ǰȻǧѣҲ赲ҶĽŲ
ͣ
Ҷǰ̤֮еһ̣ŵ״һҶĽŵױˣĻ߶ȣԱ
𣬿ȼգȼۣϧʧ֮УǿĻ棬ħ档
ջҽţҶ鿴һ½ŵףͻĶҲ赲Ļ棬ԼһأҪȥôףȻȹҲҪһƤ
һҶ㽫֮ע˫֮ϣҽٴ̤һ
ҶĽŵ£֪˶ˮݣƣı©棬Ҳ̶ãÿһ϶һӡ渲һѪ
ŵѾĥˣ¶ɭɭ׹ǣѪ˳ҶĽƣȾ˵档
Ҷҧأ˿̲ͣҲܺˣҪһܺᵶɽ𺣡
ĵʹ࣬Ҷ㼸ҪιȥĿҪܲסˡ
һӣʥˣҶŵƻָһЩǺܿ죬ٴνҶŵ̴Ѫճ˵ϡ
Ľ׻ˮľ궼ܸ֪棬ҶϵˣҲ¶ľ֮ɫ
ˣ־ֱӵ濾
ҶȻҧأϵǰֻҪҶȹһأԼԣһ
ǡ
Ҷŵ׶ˣֻʣһǼܣڵϣǵһһϣʼҶСȿ
ʥϵĳ֣ÿһγ֣ҶָܻգۼĹ˫ֻʣ¹ͷ¶档
ҪҶ֮ƹͷڻˡ
Źͷ־ǳį}ˣҶԼţ˫ѱҶҧѪڽҧأɿ
һҶ˶ҡ֮ģһеĶḶ֮һ
СӣҪסô˵һ
ĽװҶһҪòߵһܾʹȥ
ԽԽͣѾӵҶϰϵ·ʧֻʣ¹ͭɫƤ
ܿЩ濪ʼ濾Ҷ͵һЩ֬Ҷɢһζ
ģҪӳԿ𣬻ҪԼ⣡
ҶﰵӣԼԼ⣬Ҷ㻹ǵһڴ˺һ⣬͸ġ
ʩչʥҶоһƣ׵ʩչˣڿľҶ־
˰ƷֻҪʣһξѪܵѪڿҶ־ܷܡ
־ȱˣǿҲữΪҽ
һƬ𺣣ǰ˵ɽûŵĵطҶҪɽֻȥڷȥ
ܷУҶԼ˫һ棬ޱȣҶ˫ָմȥͱһӣѪ졣
ץס棬Ҷûɿҧأ˫ҵһ֧ŵ㣬ȥ
˫ŽӴһ̣ͷǵҪпҶĹͷ

Ҷ㷢һ˺ѷεĲҽȻǴ֮л֮еĵˣ·ˣҶһҽУꡣ
ѾﵽļޣιҲˣιǲָĳһ飬Ҷܵ˵и
͸ʹ࣬ҶҪȥ
˫ֲϵѪ˫ʣ첲ֱۣǰأ˺ۣЩ棬ҪȻҪӲޱȡ
ȫܶطѪ⿴ˣֻʣ¹ͷԴ֮⣬ҶҲһѪ⡣
ûǿ־Ҷѵ£һ֧Ҷ㡣
ҲҪ뿪ҪȥˮǼӳҪص磬ĸ
ҶҪ̫̫࣬ҪŲܽȥ
˫ûѪ⣬ֻʣ¹ͷס棬һһѵ
£˹ͷ֮⣬ˣͷİ
Ҷϣ򣬽û˺Ҷ㱾Դ
ʧȥѪ⣬ҶֲǱԴ⵽ƻ˺Ҷĸ
ĽѾȥˣʹ࣬ʣƶҪˣҶȻڼ֡
˺ѷεʹ࣬Ҷÿһͼᶨһ֣ƺʹ࣬˵Ҷ㳹ľˡ
Ѿʹ࣬Ҷֻһǰǰϵǰֱͷ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶѾ˵ɽһң£ѾһѪˣǳĿɲһ˿Ѫˡ
Ҷ˿֪Լ־һ̣õ˿飬һɹԽԼһǰδеĸı䡣
ѪˮģҶߣǰĵ·ֻ˳ŵɽһ
ʼʱҶ㻹Խ˫ŵܿ˫ŵĹͷѺۣҶֻԼֱۣһ


1741 
Ҷ־һģǰĵ·Ҳģ·ʱʹȥ
ҧ⣬һھѪҶʶ˲٣ȥǰѪˮɽɽȥ֮һ·̣ܷԽɽ𺣡
ÿҪԹȥҶҧס⣬һ˺ۣͷǰ벿ˡ
ĵʹ࣬ʱҶ㣬ǧܻȥȻһӶѹˡ
ˣҿҪɹˣ
Ҷҧأ˫ۿˣֻʣһ԰׹ǣѵɽŵ棬ȼգҶ壬֮ͨɫ
ͷˣҶ֪ʲôʹ࣬Ǿ˻濾֮Ҷͷ棬һЩ·
ͷʵǰǿ˺üҶܻųȥһɱ䡣
ﵽ⣬ᾭһЩʶȥȡ֮ǾǾ˻Ĵ
ȡǾǧҶھ;ֹ̣ڻɽ֮Уǧٱ顣
ÿһδһÿһδһָı䡣
Ҷ־ɢϢֻ뵹£ڳַ˵ʹࡣ
СӣҪסڿҪˣ
Ľ׸ܵҶ־ڼͲôһ룬ҶʵǼֲסˣſڵɽϣɻ濾
ҲˣҼֲסˣϢ
Ҷ㷢ļֲȥˣ˿ֻ̣ȥ
УԼĳŵ𣬿壬Լĸĸȳӣѵ㶼𣡡
Ľ׷һУҶѹҪȥȻеŬ
Ľ׵ĺУҶһ飬ȫͷӷ磬ɽ磬ҶҪܶܶࡣ
Ҳ
Ҷ㷢һУ˲ƣҲʹ࣬ٵ
ԽԽ죬ӶˣĵǣҶֻһȥҲ
ľĽ˳ĬҶҲвˣһҶǱ
ʲôΣҶ㶥ˣһΣѪⶼˣ⵽ƻֻʣһǼܡ
һŹͺͺԴлǣ˫ֶҪĥˣͷҲ֧Ųסˡ
ͷһѿĹ趼˳˭ֳѾļޡ
Ҳܲסʹ࣬ҶѾʧȥ֪Ԫһ˿֪⣬û֪
·ȹ˼꣬Ҷ˫ʵǵ˵ɽ۷壬ǰһȱڣҶߴﹾĹȥһγʧȥ֪
һ紵Ҷתѣʲô顣
Ѿ𣿡
Ҷо壬·嶼Ϳˣֻʣһ˿
Сӣѣѣɹ˵ɽ𺣡
Ľ׵Ҷ꺣֮ҶϽѹ
û
Ҷ㻹ǲţԼһ̣ʧȥʶôܻ
㵱Ȼûһ̣ɹԽɽǰȫˣ塭
Ľû˵ȥվһԣҶ㻤Ҷ壬ѾòҲ̶ݣȫͲһ˵塣
ҶˣԼûܵǰδеĴˣ壬Ԫ֮⣬Ҳһĵط
ȵҶʶ𽥻عʱ򣬴洫һУ·嶼Ϳˡ
ԪͻȻɳҶ㷢ԼһĵϣܿУ·˳涴һ㡣
ɢܵĹͷҲʲôˣǱˣʥҲ˵ȫָ
Ҷأﶼ⵽ƻ޷ʩչʥֻƾԼ޸
СӣΣջûнҪָ
Ľ׸֪ΣտҪҶָΣա
գ
ҶԪ񣬿ʼƾħѷ컯֮ݣΨһİ취Ҷþħ컯֮
ʱҶ컯֮飬ڶóˡ
һſ黯Һ壬γ꣬ҶϣͻȻ֮䣬Ҷֵĸо
õ޸濪ʼһЩ⣬ȻǱʲôҲǿٱ
ԽԽҶܶط⣬ͷ棬һ·ȻʥЩƣһʮֹϡ
Щ·ȫ֮Ҷ·˱һβƣָоǳʵ
ʥ־ҶףԼס˵ɽ𺣣ʥ־
оһ޸ҶԼ򵥵ĵԪ֮ʩչһδʥ
ʥ֣ʥˣವһҶ档
ľ֮޸֮֮иԣľԾ޸ܡ
ʥĶһҲҶ
ʥˣӿ룬ҶڼٵĻָ
ղŲȱܿһ룬ϴʥҶԼٶ޸
³Ѫӽ£ǿҲӲ٣ͷǲö˵ɳ˺ü
֪Ҷħűͻˣﵽ˵߱䣬Ǭ䣡
ԭǬ䣬صߵֻأܲǬ
Ҷ㾭һϹûգʥ˳ͻơ
꺣֮еŻƺϾҪ򿪣ͻǴ򿪵Ż֮ʱ
Ҷ޸ٶٴμӿ죬һδʥҶָ߰˰ˡ
ѾǿվҶ㷢Լ棬޾·һҩͰȼ
ҵȣ
Ҷͨ죬һŻȼգֿ񱩵Ҫɢ
סһεɽ𺣵ϴҶȻɳ֮࣬ħűͻˣҲʥ
ϥ£Ҷ㲻ϵһЩǵ̣ԺͻƾƷĻʯ
ȵһɢӦҶͷ淢ģղŻյʱ˲ٻ֮
Щ棬ӽ𣬷ǳǿҶס˿飬ҲõʥϿɡ
Ҷٴվӵһ̣ɢһɼɲϢҶԼоһȡ
ûͻƣΪԼʵͻȻ֮࣬ѵΪԼ־
Ȼô򵥣־һ棬ҪҶʥϲǬ䣬Ҷ·˶õ
ҹͷ棬һ·ЩƣҶھһΣƲôǱˡ
úúãǰ벽֪Ӧԣڳ֮⣬вˡ
Ҷʵħűı仯Ҷ˳һɺ
캣ˣҪҶ壬Ҳ˵˿̵Ҷ㣬ȫʢʱڡ
ߣ
ָ֮ҶǰɽӦԽԽˡ
˱˰־˻磬˿̾˵ɽ𺣣ʲôڵȴҶ㡣
̤󲽣Ҷ뿪ʪ֮أԼһǿ֮Уͷ·ʱ
Ϊʥѣɢ磬ܶطˣǿգȫ֪Ҳɽ磬Ҳп磬Ҳпħ磬˭Ҳ˵׼˵ѹǲڵ硣


1742 ֮
Ҷǿ֮УҲ·ҶãˣҲڡ
ô죡
Ҷڿһʵȴ޷ʩչҲȥĵ·
СӣҪģһа취ȥģ
ĽװοҶ㣬ߵһˣܾʹ˷ƴһأܽɽ硣
ʹ֮ſҶٵķУǿ֮УɵķС
Ƭǿգޱ޼ʣҶһʱмȻͷ
Ҳǹȥ˼죬ҲǼ꣬Ҷ֪ʱţĿռ䣬ûʱ䷨Ҷյ硣
ɰɣҶƣ˾Ϣһ£Ϣ˼УȻҲͷ
˼֮ҶڷˣٷУͣԭء
˱ʱѾȥ˺üˣȻͷ
Ҷڵʵʱ䣬ܷԾһ򣬿Ҷԭ̤һ
ˣҷ
Ҷ㳹׷ˣڵϣһˡ
Сӣǧܹһߵһܷ
ҶһǷ֮ɫĽײϵĸҶ͹Ҫ
ǳȥˣûʱ䷨ûٶȷҲûпռ䷨򣬾һյ硭
Ҷһ棬һǷ֮ɫɬ
ȵȡ
Ҷƺ뵽ʲôӸղԼĻһЩ
ôСӣ
ĽҲ¶֮ɫѵҶ㷢ֳȥİ취ˡ
ռ䷨򣡡
Ҷϸϸĸ֣ûпռ䷨֤ĿռǲڵģǰģҲģһֿܣͺñһӣܷĹӣֻд߳ȥ
ĽƺҲˣռ䱻סˣѹͲڣֻҪͱ㴰ֽ߳ȥ
ȭͷҶݺݵĳջһȭ
ˡ
ܴǻڹĤһʮֳơ
ܿռˮһ˸ҶͻȻ¶ϲɫ
ȻеŵӦһĿռ䣬ݱһ壡
ҶжϣҲ֤Լ룬ʩչȭһȭһȭǿ󣬳ͬһطͣĹ
ܲԽԽˮһϵ죬ܿ㼸ףһˮ̶
񣬿ˣ
ҶΪԼķҶ㲻õ޷򾳽硣
ԼˣͲˣȥĿܡ
˾ͲͬˣóȻųҲ޷߳ȥһ⾳Ҳһֿ飬뾭ס˿飬ܿͨ·
Ҷһ޷Ƭռ䣬һ˵һ
߱ʽˣһնϣҶȭͷ֮ǰĿռ䲨ԽԽ֮һѷ졣
ռҪѿˣҶ¶һ˿Ц⣬ԼĲ²ǶԵģʵһͣһΨһİ취Ǵ
һһҶʩչʮռڳһ޴ѺۣžѿǼһһѡ
Ҷ˿̣ҪСǴ飬˳
ܵĿռڿٵѿܿʧҶһƬʱգҪʵˣҶ֪ʱš
Ȼãã޼ʣԶҶܿͷԼ߳ͨ·
﷨ɽʮƣӦý뵽ɽ磡
Ҷ϶ԼӦ˳ͨͨ·ǾһüβɥС
ʹ֮չΪһǣҶ㼱ٵĳʷȥҵ˵
Ǻܿ죬Զ棬һ޴ŻǳĴֱסҶĽŲ޷Խȥ

ҶֱӶס壬ǰڵŻ֮У¶֮ɫ
Ż棬͸޾ĲɣйϵϢ·꣬һֱ
ʲôô
Ҷһͷˮʲô޷ԽȥҶһǻزɽ硣
Ľ׳ˣŻҲüͷ壬ƺڻʲô
СӣûУŻֻ֮ʲô𡣡
Ҷֻ֮ţֻĽһ֪˲ĽʱҶ㡣
Ľ׾粻Ҳѣǰܶණָ
˵Żпֻ֮ŵҲֻһӰ
ҶҲܿˡ
Ҳ˼ֻ֮ţ϶Ӧõ֮УŻֱֻ֮ţ컯֮ţ֮ţ֮ţ֮ţ򣬰ǧ塣
ĽײϵĽͣǴϹʱھʹˣŻ֮󣬲֪δҶ㻹ǽֻ֮
Ҷ⣬ǰֵŻ϶Ż֮һʲôҪҶϸһ֮շԳҶе⡣
ŻУԳǧ֮ϣǴϸԪġ
СӣúðհɣĻԵ˶
ĽҶúðգܲܲǰŻҪǲ֮󣬹ɱɱˡ
ôŻѹ׵ľһš
ɽ磬Ǻɨ£˿赲Ҷơ
磬ҶһҪСرŻǲҴ⣬һй¶ȥ϶⵽۵׷ɱ
ҶŻ˹ȥһ㿿Ż׳Ҷǰ
Ҷ㿿֮ı·һӵ·棬·͸¡
ϸԪʹڣǲһӵ࣬Ҳһͳǧ硣
ϢķҶ޷԰Σ·˶ݽȥܿԪ񶼱ˡ
Щȫɢľ⣬ӿ뵽Ҷ棬ҪҶȥ򣬷·ȴҶһ
ô£
ҶҲЩˣ⵽ô£ԼѹͲʲôŻ֪δ
ǺܿҶˣӦûŻΪǶϹżԪͳˡ
Щ·Ҷ֮󣬺ܿһСŻҶĳ䣬ֻҪҶ׵ĵŻͻ֡
Ҷǰ޴ŻһСһ㣬뵽Ҷü֮С
֮ţ
Ĵ쳹Ҷ꺣֮УŻȻŻ֮һ֮š
֮ţѹȻŻѹ֮ǿһ
Żǧ컯֮ţ컯԰򾳽硣
ֻ֮ţᴩԵߵǬ
֮ţͨһҶı˵ҪҶСҪǿ
֮Ÿ֮ͨţԽϹͣɴ֪ĻǼٵġ
ˡ
ӼԪʼһ˵˭ҪܲŻͿԲǵĴۣҲ޷Ż
ҶԽԽһʶˣԼƺһֱڱãԼˣӦ벻Ĵۡ
Լ似ǵ⣬Լ벻Ĵ۵ӰӣѵĴۣҪһȫǣ
ҶͷͨԽԽľԼΪ˼£ԼһУḶ
ҪӿѰԼܣ⿪ţǲĴ۸Ĺ


1743 صɽ
һƪµֳˣǹ֮ŵĽܣԼ
ܿ죬һɺ֮Ҷը֮ŴҶ㣬Ʒ˲䱻忪ֱư벽
𣡡
Ҷ㷢һУϾ˼ʲô֮ţΨһĿģϹʱڵ
澭գǾ֮֮һҲҶƷĳ̶ȡ
˶̶̰ʱʱ䣬Ҷħ֮еķ飬Ĵǧö񾧡
ģҶ㶼ԾԼҪͻô򵥡
ΪҶһ˵ͻҪһǧö񾧣ֲֿģĽ׶ˡ
ҶʱûʱȥҲûʱȥĦ֮ţ뿪˵֮Уջ֮ţҶû뵽ġ
Żɢ֮Уȡ֮ţԺɢѰŻһŻȻĴۣҲ޷ֹԼˡ
ҶһУΪԱʱҶ϶ǲĴ۸ĹҶΨһİ취ǲϵıǿʸԱ
ҲԼ´ˣĴֻһӰӶѣܶĹ似ǴĴΪ档
Żʧ֮ǰҲˣҶֱӺʣɽղŵľȫͬ·Խ˹ȥڻصִ
ͻƵ˾Ʒֱư벽ҶʶԸһʶһɨԼ׻
ΪҶɽʲôʱ򣬾Ƿжãϣü
Ҷͳڰ׻һǣ}B˷˳һҵһջһʳ
Ǳ֮УͼˣڿԳˡ
ˣɽ𣿡
ʮֺ棬ܣ̫࣬ñһˣͻȻܵһ
Ƿ򣬶ͬһϡ
Ժû˵ʱǻǳƺΪӣҪƺˣ𲻱Ҫ鷳
Ҷ˵ͷȷɽ磬ϣǲҪֱˣ˵棬һĳЩ˶϶Ҫ鷳
ǣ񡭡ӣ
һͷԺҲ֪ͨǣֻʱ򣬲ſԳƺˡ
λС磬ɽʲôӣ
Ҷ㳯СʵԼ뿪ʱӦһ·ݣǷ·ݾУĸˡ
ս£
СһҶ㣬֮Уһ˿ӣʲôӶ֪ˣΪҶһ׳ա
ãʱ仹üǷӦþ⼸У
Ҷ㰵ңҺøϻصļʱһǷ޷·˵Լĸˡ
򵥳극Ҷ켸˷ٵĸ򣬲֪ɽׯôˣȥˣӦöɳˡ
Ʒ˶̶ʱ䣬Ҷϻ򣬴ϴ֮ɽָƽ
ѾΪɽһţµʮ겻ϵʩѹʼѾΪš
ȫһˣʼڲƲʮ꣬Լš
Ҷûлصţȥɽׯ֪ɽׯչôˡ
һҶûݣö֮ĽճǣҶģһЩ仯ɽ綼֪ҶѾȻҲΪЩƶѡ
ӣʲô
ճǣʮֺ棬
ԺǵĴӪҪ磬ɽҪվסŸ˿ɾݣ
ҶͣԼ绹кܶˣǲֱӴ磬ҪɽչɽׯҪ
Ϥĳһûɽׯ£ɽׯ֮ϣһɪ֮ƺеļ
ߺˣٱ
ͯˣȡ֮󺺣ףʮ䣬Ĵ
ǵׯң
ɪ֮Ҷƺ²⵽Щʲôɽׯ϶ʲô¡
ׯڲڣ뱨ׯ֪ͨׯ
Ŵ󺺻ûнҶֱȥ
Ҷüͷһ壬ʶһɨֽɵȷɽׯ֮ڣĴмˣɽׯ
Ĵң
Ҷʶɽׯ֮ڵһ̫ϤˣҶֱͣӳɽׯ
Ҷ֮ͻȻһ¡
ׯ
ɽׯҶ㣬񣬸ղſŵŵһ£ֱӹڵء
Ƕ֪ɽׯһλׯҲ𿴼һԺҶ㣬ȻʶøղûжײҶ㡣
ɣ
Ҷ˰֣ûɽׯҪϸ񣬲Ȼ˶ܷŽȥ
ׯڻˣ룡
Ҷ뵽ɽׯڲһվһԣҴһ£ΪҶϢǳǿһ˾Ϳѹˡ
Źȥʱ䣬ׯľ粻֪ʲôز
ʲôˣ
Ҷ㳯ʵ
ׯ꣬ɽׯһֱڿٷչҵҲţһʱ䣬ǵĲҵ⵽˻ԵĴׯܼҶȥȥˣԲׯڡ
ϸڣ˲ǺĴֹͬһ˱֮󣬵ڻûл
ںδ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ɽׯĿǰʵչ̫죬϶һЩ˲ڲͬҶҪɽׯɽһ
ɳǣ
ͬ˵
Ϥ֣Ҷɽ磬ɳǸֱΪѣϴҲȥɳǣӹ
û뵽̶̴ֱ꣬ͽɽׯҵŵɳǣ⵹Ҷû뵽
Ҷɽׯȥɳһˣ
Ҷ㽫֮ʮ˳ҶչǣɽׯϤһĻ
ԼǴ}B}뷣ɳǡ
ǣӣ
˲ΥĴ飬ϤĵΣ׼Ұճ̫Сˣ׼֮¡
ŵöһ£ôҶǸ߼
Ҷһ}뷵˸Ҷһʧˣס
ҲͣţҪһҵǷˣ
Ҷ֣˾ۼһĴóճǵͼ׼շճǣһЩõĲҵ׷絽ɽׯ¡
һʱ֮ҶɳϿգһ䣬ڳС
ʶһɨɳǶ۵ףҶԪӽ𣬷ǳǿ
ܿǧ֮УҵֱнɣʮڸһȺ˶Գ֣в϶ҲʣܵһЩ˺
ԷȺ֮УҶ㿴һϤӰӣȻɳҲ
ֱϴζûɱ㣬ȻģʼʴĲҵҿǻĲͷˡ
һ֮ɫ׼λᣬͬĸĵܵܣǳĺ
ߣҵңǱҵģһὫ̲
ֱһЩˣղ˫ͻ϶Էˡ
˽֮⣬ֱ㲻ﵽ˾ƷɣƷƷ֮䡣
ʱ䣬˳ͻƵһƷȣ̫ˡ


1744 ҶԹ
Ҷһ粽ͳڽ棬ûżȥȿ鷢չ
˫˽ԭأɳвҲҵֱżˣϤܿͿʼʳҵļ̡
ֱЩҲڽĲҵҿԼ̣ǰʹ˽ҹԺЩ̣Ҳ㿴Ρ
ʱȺ֮߳һӣøֱмƣӦֱǸ˸ס
ƺԣѾߣֱֱңûеλԡ
С󣬶Ǳ˵ĳͲǳĶףûоΡ
ϴֱĸ׵Ҳûվ侮ʯֱĸףĬһУϣֱϽҡ
Ŀֱ˫ȭʵ㣬ȥαӼ⡣
ҪԼĸôҪԼôᱻ뿪ңҪôüЩ͵
ԼǶģͲҼ̳ˣһֱԼжд̣޲ɱ
ףٸǷϻȫɱ˱ǣЩҵȻҵˡ
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ʥΡ䣬ɢ⣬濿ǰһƬƽԭƽԭ֮ϣðһ״Ķʮֹ졣
μǷҪǰ֯ÿǧˣѾҵս˺ü죬Ѿ֮˲̭ˡ
ǰʮ֮ھ˭ǹھʸʥš
ÿʮʥžͻɢһ˿ĹԣΨеõھʸɽŶµĹأȻˡ
㼸˻һ𣬳лвڽ֣һ̭Ӯýһ֣ǳĲпᡣ
ﲻֹĴμӣһЩϼ嶼ˣɳŲμӣ֣ܳšһء
Ҷûż룬ǴʮԶԶĿţĴҲ˵ǷϧԵμӡ
û뵽ֳǻɽľӢ
ׯǲμ𣿡
ĴΪҶμǷģΪδԶű
ΪһҪμ𣿡
Ҷ㿴һ˵
ҶѾսˣƷҶҲעһ¡
˿̣ɽׯĻһ㱻ھй¶ܵˣ뿪ճǲãͱˡ
֪ҶˣƵճǻƸɽׯĪĹϵ
ҵˣ뿪ճǣͱץˣֻˡ
ϵľˣҸȷɽׯҶѲ˸ϵ
ֻǲף׿ڳϣҶôͻȻ֣ⲻ߼
һڵҶ飬Ҳһ˹עǷ
֪Ҷ𶯣رׯȻپɽׯ
֪ׯҶʦɻҶݣһֱ
ӽ֮УʵׯѾõ˴𰸡


1748 ֹ
ׯ֪Ҷȥ
ׯʮֿ½ֻһƷ磬ǣʮؽɣϾҶˡ
ׯĲ֪Ҳˣɽׯ𲽣ܶҪҾͲܶˡ
Ϳͣȵһ죬ҶȻṫԼݣĿǰʱ
ҶҪҪ£ĬĬš
ǷһµĻᣬҶҪһɳ죬ɽׯȥ
ǰЩޣҲñˣǽԪҶʮΣҶҪ
Ҷ㲻ǾӣҲСˣг𱨳ԹԹ˭ãҶʮ֮Լɱ⣬ǰٱ֮
ʥǰսԽԽңܿһӰӰֵһ̣ܴ󾪺
ΪгһλŮǾˣһ֣Ӻü׷ͶҰްĿ⡣
ǿˮ˳ˣȥˮûвμӣǷˡ
ϳŮصˮˮ̤룬ǹء
еŮӣҶһΡ
ˣڿϤˣһǽӽʱ䣬Ҷʱ޿̲ǡ
ʱ䣬ǹĺγҹ˼ϧ޷뿪ˮ
һ̤ˮյҶϢüŮҺҪԾʱмͻȻ˽Ƕλˡ
ɴ˶λ˻ϣһʱ֪ͨҶ飬Ǽ˵
СŮֻҪӦһҿø㣡
ĶһӣģȻϷ
ûʸ񣡡
䣬ֱһɨһɺˣֱӽɳȥ
ƷһɣҶ㶼¶һ˿ЦݣˮЩǼû¹
Ҳв˲μӣܶ඼Ǵ߳һ
ͻƵ磬Ǻܴܶ࣬ﵽ߼ǲףһγ˼ˣǸ߼
ˮҶ㶼ˣ֮ŵĻӵȵȣȺ֮УҶȻĬĬĿţһ̵ĵ
ʤҶ𽥷ǰ֮ʱȻҪ϶Ҫһ𣬲Ȼͽա
ˮҶ綼ҪȥȻ̤ƽҲҪǼȫĽӳ
սһһܶҶϤ˷׷׵ǳ
ˮӣȵȣгɫı֣кܴĹϵ
һʵǳǿ֮󣬽ǱȫھͻƵ˾Ʒ
㲻ܽǰʮǰʮӦкܴĻᡣ
ҫ۵ĻǼϼ壬ԯһԯɺʵҲǿ󣬲ܽǰʮͲˡ
ԯ廹һˣԯɳۣʵǳǿ󣬵ĿǰΪֹһлܶ֡
ϹðһţǰҶҲעһΣϹ飬ϹĳӦϹһһţ֮£˳
ˮСᣬǷǳǿĶ֡
ŵˮˣʵҲܲһչ¶Щţлᴳǰʮ
һϤӰӣ÷ܰһ֣᳡ĺ䶯
ʾɫϾ¶Ҷ㼸ѹ˼ҪȥǸҶ㣬ʱ
ʱ䶼ˣںȼ죬ȵɽׯվȽŸҶ֮գôǣһص磬ĸѶ
ǧˣҹڷֳǰʮˮȫ롣
ųˮȽ֮⣬ȫ̭ˡ
ԯˣԯɺԯɳ۶ǰʮ
֣˳룬ԯɺʵǲ¡
ҵƵȵȣ̣徻ɣڣ˽ǰʮ
Ψˮر𣬾Ȼ˳ǰʮĳɼ
Щˮչ죬رǵʥŮתѼ֮ʵͻͽ˵߻һȺãһʵ
ҪǣʥŮȻǺĿ֮壬ħãǾĽ壬ˮʥŮڼ̵ʱ֮ڣ˾Ʒ
⣬ˮֻ꣬һʱˮɽĵλߡ
սҶĴĦȭƣҲȥһϧǸͻƾ粻ãͼֻҪҶߣͷǳ顣
ǲҲ֣
ҶζЦݿĴ뷨
κ˶һʵ֮󣬶Ҹ˽һͷ
ʮ˵˵ͷȷʵ뷨Ҳֻ룬ȥ϶Ű
ò˼죬Ǿлˣ
ҶԶɽһսɱ⣬Ȼɽ֪Լû϶ưոݣҶҲŹǡ
һսγɣĴóǰвԼˣͳͳҪ
սӼңǰʮʸÿһֽһ˲̭
Ҷ㽫עȫʥ֮ϣΪҶ㷢ʥһ˿仯ЩϵһЩˣȻʥˣʮֹŹ֡
ΪҶСùۿֺܶ˶ڱʥߡ
Ҷüͷ壬ʥɽ磬ɺϣ˹Ϊ֮ˣԼʥһֱΪٿء
Ǽλûϵʽ
Ҷʶ鲻ԣʮʵ
УׯǶ䱸ͨѶ໥ϵ
һ˳ʮֹػص
֪ͨλˣ֪ͨˮʥŮҪμˣ
Ҷ´С˷Ҫڱȥˡ
һʲôҪȻˣҪʧԺкܴӰ졣
ܶаޣר˵ˣʳ˵ľѪǣ˾ǻǵһ֡
ʮҵ֪ͨλˣ֪ͨˮʥŮ
λ⵽̭ǼܹҲСᰲŵģԼҪʱ֪ҶϢ
ȻλյϢ֮վӣСȥ
μʥŮ
λȻСߣеڣλһ٣ʹӸׯ֪ǰŮӣҶӡ
ǰùϵǼԺɽׯĵλ
˵
Сǳӣɢһ㵭ĹΣʮͣ˿֮󣬻̹
ʥŮղׯǼ
λҶ˵Ļԭⲻĸ˵һ飬Сỹ˷Ҫھˡ
С˵ʣܴǰʮ
СһһһһĿǰʵߡ
СһվΪڳϽִ֣ʮּңԷֳʤ
֪ˣ
С˻֣öλȥġ
һʩչɱﵣսУսʤ֡
ȼ˶֮Сټһ


1749 ǿ
ͻȻСὫȫټһ˶⡣
ȻСߣǺܶҪϾ侲һдķ緶
ͻȻټһǲʲô鷢ˡ
ͷ𷢣ڼ֮УȺɢҰԵ
Ҷ紫Ϣ˷Ҫڱȥˡ
СὫҶĻǣҲǵ
ֻڣǲμˣ֪ͷǵġ
÷ʱ˵ˣȻˮûǰȴ֣Ҫ֪Ƿ϶Ը⣬λش
ȥ˵ıȫҪˣ
Сһˮ̳ˣ˵һķˮҲκβˡ
Ȼһֵϳҷ׷¶֮ɫҪһºĶ˭ֱ֪ӷˡ
䣬Ҷ֪һֺ߳ɵİսʤ֣ΪҪ
ˮһվϹȻ¶һ˿ŭ⣬ˮݷ˼ʮ꣬ϣһɳ죬еϣϣȻ˱
֣
Сʱ˹ʮֿʺ
Ƿģ
һһ÷ܰСͻȻ߹ƺ֪ôˡ
ûǷģ
Сûȷз
֮ҪһȷСᣬǰڶԷݣֲҳ֣ǸŭԣӶҪɳˡ
ҪһĽͣ
˻ȥǿѹеŭһǶʤˮῪʷǰʮ֮Уˮˡ
ȥ֮һ˵ҾͲλֽˣʲô飬һ˳е
СҲ˵ߵǸСŮˣһɫȴһѹ
ˮͻȻ˳Ҳ᳡˲ƽ׷׿ʼۣˮǽ˵һġ
˳ƯʵҲܲߵһȴúܶ˶⡣
Щԭˮֵˣ¶˷֮ɫý֣˳һ֣ĺ£ֱǧѷ꣬·ʥڳˡ
ׯΪҪǷأ
ʮߵһ˭κˣڽһ
ԺȻ֪
̫µĶҶǽҲףʥйŹ֣˵ˣȻȣԵ΢Ǽܲס˼ǧꡣ
ô꣬ÿʮһΣӽ˲μӣɽһٮٮߣǵ˴ɽ硣
ǵ˶ˣɽ籾һ˺
һȥ֪ͨϵˣҲ
ˮлӵ˻ڳϣҶ޷֪ͨǣͨĴȥи֪Ƿ
ʮȥҶһվɽ֮ϣ᳡סʥ
ԭǳңˮ˳ñһӰһĨɫʡ
ЩӰܴ̼ǱʵҲΪ˺ܶʡ
ԶԶûֹͣԽԽֵ֮࣬ܿŵĻӡ
ˮŮ֮⣬òǲˣΨһĻӶ˳ˣ޷⡣
᳡ģΪҶҲ˵ԭֻ˵Ƿѣɣ˭ֻš
ıԽԽ죬ŵҲ׷й˺ܶˣ𽥵˳ղŻʮˣת֮䣬ֻʣ¶ʮ
Ȼ뿪ЩвǸ֣ʣˣҲٮٮߣлǰʮĹԻУֳֻһӰ
ӽʮһδֹ飬ò໥²⣬ѵڹٿرɡ
üȻȫ˳ȥҲҪ˭ǹھʸʥ֮С
ܿǰʮΪٵĹϵһǰʮͳ֣˭ǹھ
ǵȵϢ׼ǰʮʱһӰǿƺɨֱڻ᳡롣
ͻһֲ׷׿᳡룬˭ʱðҡ
һȺﲻüȥˣǰʮ˶վɣһҳ֣˶
ҶƣĿɨܣͻȻվˣҶ㡣
Ҷʦܣ
ϤӰӣˮһȽǣ£ȵȣ׷׳嵽Ҷǰ
ͻȻϲһֱΪҶ򣬵ɽϢҶ㲢δһֱɽ硣
ʱ꣬Ҷڳˣһǿķʽʱ˵أƻɽ۷ҶǿƳ֣֤˻룬ԼˣһһصӺ
Ҷˣ˿̳ΪĿ
ˮŮӣͻȻȫվһˣǳ˼ĺˣڳˡ
λѾҶĴϣǶ磬λ˶Ҷ㣬ֻгݡ
Ҷ磬㻹𣿡
С˽ҧأ˿ǲ뿪ֻĬĬעҶ㡣
ҶҲϣ˵ͷʾǲýò˶ãȫǽӳ
뿪ˮͽҶ㲻ǱϾˮǣûˮҲûǽĵλ
Ҷ㶼ҪİǴˮȢ֣ǱǸԼߣһΣҲһֵ
ʦ֣ȥԼ飬ҪȻǡ
Ҷɽ磬ȫԵУ˶ɱҶ㣬ͻȻðѾ̲סˣ׼֣ԪҲ
Ҷ㣬Сˣ˶ˣΨŵû㾹Ȼȣɽˡ
Ϲվ˳ָҶ㣬ΪҶǹˣûЩ˵
˶ȳɽһ⾰ƴﵽǰδе۷塣
ˣҺθɣ
Ҷ򵥵İ˸֣ǵԼʲôϵΪԼûҲûΣЩˣһɱԼҶʲôȥǡ
Ҷһ˵ĳӣһΧ£׼ַҶ㣬ȻԪڣҶҲһ
Ҷ㣬ɣ
ϹΣҲҪնɱҶ㡣
ΪϹѾ֪ͨ˼̫ϳϣԪ֣ϹҲ档
齨׼ˣҶȴ޶ԣȻվԭء
֮ĶԹ綼ǽ죬ΪǷĹھδ
ҶøǆȥԹ綼Ҫڡ
Ⱦھʥ֮Уڵõɷͨʸڽ˶Թ
Ҷ㣬ǲǾɽׯĻׯ
ʱվ˳紫ԣҶǾɽׯĻˣдһʡ
ûɽׯһֽԺȻҲ
ɽׯǸиˣôɽÿһ䣬ҶӵԼҲԼĵ̡


1750 ϵʮ
ȫ˵棬ҶԼݣȷǾɽׯׯ
ЩҶˣǵɽׯҲкüˣҲ˵Ҷ㻹ھӢӵʱ򣬾ֲ֡
ķ˼ʱ䣬Ҷڲֳɹɽׯʵڴﵽһҡ
ʮʵȷ˲㤣һ
Ҷվʮһɫʵôҳ׶Ҷ˾η֮ġ
Ŷ޷Ҷˡ
ŻȻԭҶǳǷھģؼʱ̳֣սǰʮĸ֡
ԯɺ裬֣иҶ㶼ˣ˿ֻ̿¶Ц
Сᡢ˳˸ûʸǰʮ
ǰʮʮֱ˳ǺγɱҶ㣬˿̾һλᡣ
ʮƷʵԶԿ벽ˣԸҶһˣԡ
꣬õ˼żİǿʵмˣںǰǾƷʵǿɲ
ʮ߹Ҷʮ׷վ׼ӭս
Ƕ£
Ҷһ˦֣ȫ£ⳡսԼԳ֡
ʮֻһʮ룬ҶΣգǻ᲻һеĳȥ
λʮĽϧ޷뿪ˮȴ˼һˣ˳ˮصɽׯ
Щŷ׷Ĭˣû˼ַʮˣɱҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬Ǻαأʮ֣սʤǣ
֣п϶ҶʵһжпܣǶԸʮˣֱǿЦ
ʮˣɽ統һ۷壬ҶһսֱЦ
ܲսʤһ֪ǣȻǷĹھ
Ҷøǆ£Ψսһսɱ⣬ҶҲˣȻҲϣΪһٮٮߣΪ۷
㣡
ʮ˵ȻһԳ֣ϹϹȳˣΪҶħսɱϹţҪ
ǿϢ֣Ƹ֣һ־ͲأҪһƻҶ㡣

Ϲ֣Ҷֻһߣվԭزһֱ
䣡
Ϲ飬ⱻҶ׵Ƶ嵭дǳɣͬǾƷҶɱʮء
ϹֱӱҶƷɳȥһѪɫޱѿ
һУ̶һУҶһƷʵڳϹŶ϶¶֮ɫ
ȻμǷ˶һʵЩһʵǿ
ʵҶǰȻһֱǲ˼飬Ѿ¶֮ɫ
ʱ䣬Ҷ㵽γɳģЩˣͳɳֻǽ¶ˡ
ϹϽǷμӹֻûлúζѣǿǰʮ̭ʱʮ꣬ٴǿƹǳŹھģ˭֪Ҷճ֣еĽࡣ
ʣ¾ˣɫ䣬׷׳Ҷ㲢óȻб
ˣһְɣ
ʮ˻ԥҶɲǲ֣ȳˣǳԼ֣ʮˣҶȻǹھ
Ҷ㣬ݵÿ
ԯɳ۳ˣʵϹ裬֮ϡ
һҲˣϴҶ̸ҶҲ˶档
һһ֣һҶ㣬վԶ¶˪Ҷһ֣Ȼô˳ӡ
֪ҶԲԵ޹ʵôˣ϶⵽ǵļʣҪɱҶ㡣
Ѿ£Ҷδ֮С
ħսҶ㲻ѰԱɱҲ֮٣ûء
Ҷÿ飬ģ壬Ҳˡ
úã
ҶͻȻһʧԭأΪһ磬֮Уʮ꣬Ҷ㽫е⣬ȫڻͨ
дӡ
֮ˣһö޴ָɽȻ£ֱԯɳۡ

ɱ¾
и
һֳֵ˵Ǿ
Ҷ£˸Ĺԣͬһսɱɱ˭Ҳ޷赲ʮһҶɳȥ
Զʮױׯսʵ𾪣һĦȭƣҶź
ŸλϣԼˮˣҲҶʵҶɱķҲȥҶնɱ֡
ʥ֮Уֿʼڳ˵ˣҶӦˣʥȻЩŵ
ҶСϸʥϵ˽棬޷й¶ȥ
ɽ綥ɨˣ
űɵʮˣҶ¶֮ɫνʮֱ֣ǲһ
ʮ˱ɫͨ죬ȴ޿κΣһߵزȴҶ̶̼ʱ䣬ͷǵ롣
Ҷ㳰֮ɫʮ¶ɱȫ˵棬Ҷ׵Ļܣݳ裬Զ޷ϴˢǻɱҶ㡣
ٸһλᣬóȫҾͷǵΪ
Ҷһ¶ɱﵽ˾ƷҶԵһ棬չ¶ˮˣо޷ֱҶˣֻӡ
һ˿˿񱩵Ϣʮϳóеĵƣһ֣ȻɱҶ㣬Ҳƴһܾˡ
ɱ
ʮһ𣬻۳ɺƥĺˣӿҶ㣬ܿĽˣֱӱƷɳȥҲܲסɿɲ
е˼
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ǿǿҶҪľָоȻսûж˼ҶҲҪѹܼԼǱ


ʱ
ҶֲһֵԼݳǰѧǧ֮һȴʤǧ
ǧǧֻǧȽϳˣʱ⣬ɲ˶ƿء
ֱߣȻҶˣﵽƷҶʩչȫԵ߸ء
ʱ⣬ǵٶȼţһʱŵķǳǵĹֻͣڿռ֮ϡ
ַ˼ֶΣһ¶֮ɫҶֻ׷ҶĲˡ
ѹ
ҶͻȻʩչ˴һ֣˲佫ʮԭأ޷һʮҶȻʮɣſвҶ㡣
һȺûʸΪɽһٮٮߣ
Ҷָһ㣬ʮ˵ﶼҶϵȫ˵棬ϵʮƷֶΣ졣
Ҷ㣬㲻ú
Ϲ鷢ŭ߰ʮ꣬һҶ
ŭĺֹϹһˣʮ˶¶֮ɫҶûκɽʮһϵ
ʮˣԯ壬Ϲ壬Լң̣һɱԼϴΧԼ˵ףҶ㶼μġ
Щ廹ţǰϧ
ҲúϧǿˣֻϢΧˣҪۣ
ҶɨڳÿһˣҪѪծѪҶ㣬ѾǵյҶ㣬¡


1751 ս
Ҷһ棬ò˵һҶͬһսϵˣǷС
ҶԽǿȻҲԽģرǻӣĿĿҶ㣬ԼˣڳΪ֮ۡ
Ҷ㣬㾹ȻϳʮΪɽ磡
Ϲ壬ԯ壬ң徻ɣ̵ȵȣ׷ΧҶ㡣
ȻʮǶ֣ǾͰٸǧɽǧǧ򣬻²ɱҶ㡣
ֱӵһֱһ˵ȻŰҶ㣬Ҳ޷赲ҵĽŲ
ɽ磿
˵ÿ仰ҪΣ˭Χţ˭ףжҳֻ֣Գ𱨳ˡ
ҶɨһϹףõɷͨʸҶʵԼĸƻ
ɫǵͨ죬Ҷ˵ûˣַҶ㣬Ҫ˵ҶӵɱɱҶ㣬û⡣
˭֪֮ҶǿƹҪսɽ磬ԼˣͳͳҪ
Ҷ㣬ſڴƻƣħսնɱˣָô㣡
ħսʧöˣҶɱ
ҲʲôȻԹ£ȻҪһ˶ϣҾս飬ʮʱ䣬ΧԷΪϾɽׯȻһŻ߼塣
Ҷ㵱ȫ˵棬ֱս飬ҪΧȫϵΪҶҲһ棬ֻ׷Σš
ҪǲϷϵΪҶ㲻γ׽һ򾡡
Ҷ㣬ܻ뿪˵ɣ
ҶȻҪ˶ҪɱΧţȥˣôҶ㶼ҪԷΪ
ˣҪɱҶ㡣
Ƕס֣Ϊź۸ɣ
Զ˳ܻųȫҶ㣬ȻҶ㱻ɱˣ׼ӭС
϶ʱɽ״̬ôȻҲ˼ŵʵϾ˼
ڳ˶ҶгҲ˻ˮֻһֵı飬ϣ˫һôл
Ҫɱңƾǻʸ񣡡
ҶЦһһӣһöɲŻˣʵʣңԶǿֱѹ
֮ţ
ھɽׯҶ趨ʱ䣬һ죬ʮ֮꣬ڲ͸ʩչ᳡ͻȻԶʥ
Щͼܲס׷ˣ±ѹ
ԶˮɫҲ΢䣬ҶС֮飬ˮҲжţȥСʱˮӣ͸Ҷйͻ
Ҷ㷢ģԵţŮӳ
ԭˮΪҶǳ˵Σ˵췽ҹ̷û뵽̶꣬Ҷ˱˼궼ɵ顣
ʱ䣬ܶ˶ԭ̤ҶɳΪɽһ档
ӷëͷСӣ˭ֻ뵽ʱ䣬Ҷ㶼ʲôܿԽôླ硣
Ϲ׵Ҳǲˣܲס֮ţⳬԽɽܿռڴѿֻܿ⡣
Ҫɱңǻ̫ˣʮʱ䣬ϴòӣոϵΪҿǲ
Ҷһɨ֮˻Ŀǰ磬ܲٿʱʱ䣬ѾǼˡ
ֿɲϢʧˣ֪ڳ˺ʪ˴һƬղűҶϵΪʮˣ¶֮ɫ
ҶûɱǣѾǶǷ⿪ˣҶҪɱǣֱ׾ٵ顣
Ĵ
ҶͻȻһ٣ټĴԼʮˣˮˣһʮڴˡ
ڼŸˮл֮ţҪԸҶ㣬ôףǸϴһɽʵ
Ĵ׷ҶǰվһţλҲ⣬ֱˮղŵ֮ţţҶ޵еġ
κ˲׼̤һΥɱۣ
ҶֱӷԸΪҪ̤ʥ֮У׼κӣƻԼļƻ
ǣһ
Ĵĺȵ͸
ûҶ㣬ҲûĴĽ죬ԹȫйɽׯԺɽ磬Ƕ
ĴҲ᳹ױ֪
Ĵ൱ҶһֻԼֻܷԸ޷ͳĴ
ΪҶֶΣ׽ѵ𵽵Ч˱ʱ䡣
û˸ԽһԷ֯Ĵʮ֮޷ֵô
֮ҲԸ£ųΪɽһţðһɽׯڲùϵԺ԰ͽˡ
ȻУǰҶ㲻ƷμӰٻᣬֻҡͷЦ
˽ӽʱ䣬Ҷ㳬ԽˣԽɽ磬ﵽ߶ȡ
һʲôٶȣֲԾĿ˻ӣĵ˵ͷй֮ǰͷҶǱ
ɽЩڷҶ֮ţǵڻûд֮зӦֻһϢɢȥ
Ҷ󲽳ʥȥʥпΪٿأҶҪС£ǷҲֻһͷ
Ļ֣ʵǽʥɽˣ˲ħ壬ʥ壬Ҳпܡ
Ϊ˹ھʥ֮ϣɢһ㵭Ĺ⻪Ҷִȥһǿֱ֣ӽҶ˽ȥ
ʥâʧҶҲˣʥڲ
Ҷ㴩һڵͨ漴뵽һƬ統УӦʥڲ
ʶɢʼѰңһҵοɷͨڶǿûб
֮ǰҶѾˣʥ֮УһöĹǵ̹ſصʱµģʱˮ飬ֻҪҵöӣܿɷ硣
öʱˮ飬ʥ֮У൱һһ㣬ɵĴɷ硣
˽ʥϧûҵȻҵҲ޷֮ߣֻܽʱˮɷͨ
ѹĽڷʱ͸ԼֻҪɽ磬õǷĹھл·ĸ
ҶʶһƷɢȥȻ֪ʥıԵʥԼô򵥡
ϰף֪ʱˮںδ
Ҷ㳯Ľʵϣ֪һЩ
ʥΪʱˮô£ѵҲΪﲻɣ
ҲǺʥＸˣһɽʱ򣬾֪飬˽ʥҵʱˮ顣
Ľεҡҡͷʥڵʱ̫ãõ˶벻ʲôʱ
ֻϽĹھʱˮҲһǸطһҲҪԵɺϡ
ˣʱ䷨򣬿ʱ䷨ʱˮ飬ɲС
ĽҶ㣬ʱ䷨ȥϣһЩá
ûʱˮӦҲʱһĶԸı䷨ɴ󣬿ԴԽɷ磬ʱƣֻҪͬһֱԴӦÿԸӦõ
Ҷ˵ͷΪĽ˵û


1752 
Ҷֹͣǰֱϥ£ʼʱ䷨
ʥ֮еʱ䷨治һƺҪϺܶ࣬һ죬ѾȥʱˣǳĹŹ֡
ʱˮһ֮ʣÿһƬĿռ䣬Լʱ䷨ʥҲһ
ҶҪģԼ뵽ʥ֮Уʥʱ䷨͸ÿһ䡣
ʱɫ͸ÿһռ䵱УǷ϶棬棬ʱ䷨
ֻҪʱڣҶͲʧ֪Ҷ˲УҲ˵Ҷ㼸ˡ
ֻϵ֪ʶΪĴܣĸıʱ䣬ҲԵʱ䣬ԲһҲ
Ҷʶڲϵ죬ҪԪֻҪ˳ʱķʾͺˣҶ͸
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶüͻȻһ·յһ˿ϢҲܵĳǣ
Ҹ֪ʱˮλã
Ҷವһʧԭأںҹ֮еһǣֱӻʣʥ
ϰף˵ʥʲôƷףûпһ
Ľǰ϶˽⣬ҪҶͷˣһöֵ
ǾǻҪܽʥߣҸұ֤ɱ¾֮а˱ĳ̶ȣʱɱ磬ҲԱˡ
ĽĿǰ̶ȣʵҶѾ̫ԶﲻҶʲôΨһİ취̶ȡ
൱۷ƷҶҪƳɹɽ缸޵еĴˡ
һﵽ̶ȣ൱ڸ߼ͼʳ̶ȡ
Ǹ߼ʣһЩͼҲʹá
Ǹ߼ۣʹõĶʥ磬ʥƻû۶ָ࣬
ʥ֮ʲôû֪Ҳûȥ
ҶĿǰǾƷȫʸһ߼һֱʹõ̶ȡ
Ҫշʥô򵥣Ψһİ취նĻ˵Ĺϵ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪Ľ˼ҪеĿٻ̶ָȣһڳԲһҪ
ĽױտڲˣԼ˼Ҷ𴩣Ҳ˵ʲôҶ㣬ʥԺη
ҶСϣͨˣܹ۲쵽һЩ
Щ˱ս֮󣬽ʥӦñתˣߴ͵ĳطֻҪҵкϵ㣬жʥϵ
һʧȥϵ֮ҶȻа취֮գ֮ȫɱ¾֮
Сĳ֣ʥͻȻζһ£ƺҲӦˣˣʥƮ
˼꣬ܶһֱ޷ݳȥܵСǣ׷׿Ҷ㡣
ҶûżЩˣǺö֮󣬼ӳԺҶ˻졣
пߴ·ܼ񵽱Щ죬ôΪҲһԼ˺á
ΪЩ˶ۼһطҶҪҵϵ㣬Ӧ˳ͳȥ
˴Լһʱʱ䣬Ҷ㿴˲˼һĻǰһᴩʡ
ȻڸշˣԼС֪
ҶˣֻҪնϵԼܿʥˡ
ʱȣⱻĻ˲Ҷҵʱˮ飬취Ƶ
ʱ䷨򲻶ϵ죬Ҷܿüһ¶һߡ
ҵˣ
ʥޱ޼ʣ˭Ҳ֪ж󣬵Ƕڲʱ䷨Ҷ˵ֻҪʱ䣬Ҷҵ
һƬɵ統УҶ㿴һöˮӣȭͷСӨ͸ɢâӦϹʱڴġ
öӣԿʱͨɷ磬Թᴩɽ硣
ˣˣ
ҶͻȻЦһյȫ⿪СһصԾ
ĽװҶһۣҶҲþƷˣڿȻһһ
ԭĻˣǽʱˮͨɽ磬ӶˣֻҪʱˮ飬Ȼơ
ҶףΪʱˮʥ֮УԭΪ˹ͨ硣
ûȻˣҲ޷ߣΨһİ취ǽʱˮ飬˴ͳȥ
ҪҶõʱˮ飬þɽׯȻشɷ磬ɽˡ
챦Ҷ붼۲ѹˣʱˮӦĻ˹ڴˣתá
Ľ׺ܿͨеҲ˷ܵ
úúãԺ磬ôѾˣشҲýͨ·
Ľ״˷֪ܵҶΪôˡ
Ҳø˵̫磬ɷ绹ԣûиνһݣԴͨҪǱ֪й¶ʱˮĴڡ
ҶҲɵûиóȻͨƼͻᱻ˷
ɽ粻ͬҶɽ磬Ѿ۷Ȼ֪ҲκβҶ㡣
ǲö˵ֻҪھ˽һɣõ˿ӣΪǷһҪɽׯĻ֮ˣȻᱻɽׯնɱ
µܿˣʱˮ֪˿϶ֹҶһˣҼҲ٣һ˽֮ߡ
ʱˮҪߣôףնж֮ϵõʱˮ顣
ΪҶ˺üΣʱˮ·ǰȴģĵӦĳֶΣԷ˵ʱˮ顣
Ҷ˺öְ취޷ʱˮõ
ֻܴˣ
Ҷȡʱˮ飬ȻԽʱˮڴ󵽷統УⲻҶĿģȻˣǿɷ֮·
ص°ͣҶ˼ԲߣƵ
ն
ҶͻȻʩչ߱ʽҪǿƿ
̣
һǿķ֮ˣֱӽҶƷɳȥһѪҶܵһЩ
ʲôôγɵͨҪǿ󣡡
ҶӴɣʱͨҲûôǿᣬѵⱳ˸ǿ󲻳ɡ
СӣǺð취Ψһİ취ǸôγɵģȻ˵ҪĿˣֱնˣûа취֮жϡ
Ľʱѣӽ֮Ľ׵ļѵԽԽ࣬ʼָҶ㣬ϾǸڸ߼
ҶҲ뵽ˣֻǻڹ۲죬ʥ֮УԷһҶ㻹С¡
ɱ¾֮Ҷһץһε˱Ҷץ˹һЩ˶Ҷ档
ʱ䣬ҶоԼСʼٵ
ԭС˵Ϊ
ҶСٳ޷ÿβһξ磬СһΣ⻹ǵһ֪СҲǿġ
ſڣһǿˣ˷Ŀÿ˵ɫͬ
е˷ɫ˴󸻴
Ҳǵĺɫһ㡣
ɫԽԽҶЩ֮У˺ܶܶˣСڲϵ


1753 ȡʥ
ҶСڷ˵ĸ֪ԽԽǿ
̫ˬˣҷ·֪˴ڳ֣
һ֪СȫתɴʱҶԸԼ֮ˡ
ˣҶͳһƤЩ˻ԴԴϵĴͽҶӿյٶȡ
ƺҲˣյԽ࣬·ԽЩ˾Ȼ
˼꣬һЩطҶ꺣֮Уһֱ޸ǳĻ
˽֮޸ٶͻȻӿ졣
ԽǿҶҲԽ࣬ȻϣԽԽǿ
Ҫ콫˽ʱ޿̷ֽ֮Լգ֮ƣԲ
Ҷ˿֪ԼʼӰԶ
ʧȥ֮ʧȥ֧һʼ͸ֻʣһ򵥵ֻͨͨ
˱˲ɵһɶҶָת۳˹ȥ
񣬳֣
Ҷ׼һն
ȻĻΣɽ磬ۻԤ
һ۽٣ɽֱӱѹ;磬ͨˡ
ֻҪˣҶ㻹¸ëһɱһ
ͺñ·һ磬ȻɽϢ϶÷ֱӱ˼
û˵֧֣ʼģҶ㻹ᡣ
ն
Ҷĳĳһ㹥󲨶֣ʥʼζ
˿֪ʲô飬ҶѾȥСʱˣûг
ھȥ֮ʱ䣬⵽ʥų⣬ֱӸ˳Խȥ֮󣬿Ѱұ
Ҷֱһ̥֮󣬲ûгʥ⵽ô¡
˳ٳٲԸȥҪһҶܲõ
߱ʽһһУҶƺҪһʽ
һʽγɣǾ춯ء
棬һѷ죬ٶԽԽ죬ʥھҵҡΣԶͱڣһЩ޴ʯ飬ʼ
Ĵ󺣣ҲǷ޴ĺˮ˾ˣмʮ֮ߡ
Ҷڸʲôô
һϴɻ֮ɫۼԽԽ࣬Ҷٲ֣Щ˿춥סˡ
̫ʱ򣬹Ϲҿ϶һѣǳ֡
Ҷ㲻٣ɱǣɱҶ㣬Ҷһ֮Եֵ
Ҷ
ԶȫҶ㣬ҶղŵãǲóȻж
Ƶն
ʥ֮Уһ߱ʽȻӰһһն¡
䣡
Ȼʥʧȥ˸ϵҲ˵ͨҶرˡ
磬ʥ硢ħ硢硢硢硭Ҷ㲻Ҳȥʥ˵
ʧȥһ̣ҶԵһŭӦĻ˱ˡ
ϧ֪˭ն˭ôı£ȫյһɶ
ವһҶʧԭأֱӳʱˮɱȥʱˮߡ
ıʱˮ飬ҶɷʥҲҪõˮ顣
Ҷ²ûʧʱˮҪߣҪĵطȥ׼뿪صԭȥ
ߣ
ϲ֣֮
Ҷʩչϲֱ֣֮ӺᴩʱˮεģҶǲ֡
ħ
ΪʱˮĻ˵ӡǣҶҪħ潫֮գɾ֮ΪԼá
ʱˮħ֮УҶӦˣһɲӡǣǳĿ£ɢʱˮ飬Ҫȥ
ϧҶ֮֮ݺݵѹȥӡʵˡ
ʧȥʧȥʱˮ飬ʥֻǱһǶĻ
գ
ҶʩչַͨʼӡȻʥԺ뵽ɱ¾֮а˱֮С
¡¡
Ȼ֮䣬һţӴܣʥȻƶСֱǲ˼顣
׷ʲô飬Ｘ֮õʥôı仯
Ҷÿʮ궼˽ȥһ糣
ǽˣΪҶȥˣ˶ڲ²⣬϶ҶĹ
һʥʧɽҲûǷˣҪɷֻͨͨϵĴ
һǳԴҺܶŴѾٻžһ
Ʒ죬ɽ磬ҶǰȻ䵽ɽ磬Ҷñ˵ȥ
Ƴ֣Ҷﵽ˷˼ĳ̶ȣһߣֱʥ֮С
𣡡
ҶͻȻ˫ָ߾٣ʥ

Ҷӵɽ֮У˲ٻ棬ǿӽĴڡ
Ӵʥ֮ϣ͵ǰµӡǣ׷ױȼһա
Ҿ˼꣬һЩӡǷǳģˣֻͨϵѡ
һʱȥˣԭռ״СʥͻȻʧˣһ޴Ŀյء
˷ˣҶ֮˳ʥȻҶˡ
Ҷ㣬ħͷȻʥɽ
۲ˣˣ˭ʥϧһ˳ɹҶɹˣȻҵļʡ
ħͷ
޳һ𣿡
ҶЦһʥսָȻȥʱǰеǰȻصɽׯټĴȫԺɽׯҪˡ
ƿԣ˳ױҶɨʮ֣һصŻѹˣʥ֮󣬸Ǵɽ缸ĸ֡
ǷӴԺʧʮ֮ǲԷΪԼȥһһո
Ҷգһսβƣ˭Ҳҳ֣ϣʮȥڻңҶһƻɱ
ϲׯϲׯưɽ磬ͳ壡
ʮһϲҶ㣬Ժɽׯɽ糬Ȼˡ
ߣ
Ҷûͣɽ粻ô򵥣кܶϹŶҶܶõֻһˡ
һԷҶ㻹һ⣬Ҫɽׯʵ
ͨɷͨһΣգҶ˶硣
ԪʵָͺˣҶ㲻Ծκˡ
һսɽ϶ЩϹŶҲҪ
ǽ嫵浱Уӽ磬֮ܳ
ĿҶʧ˭Ҳûҳ֣׷ҡͷ̾Ϣ
һ֮Ȼô鷳նɱҶ㣬н֮֡
Ҷʮ֮ڣһ˵ͷϣһţ϶ԵֵҶΨһİ취ϡ
˷׷ߣˮҲ⣬ȻСʮֲᣬ֪ҶµˣʱǲҶĺˡ
ƺ֪ҶС˵ĹϵĿɬѹҶٳٲϽԼԭ


1754 ʼַ
ԽӸǸ߿ҶһۣҶ㲻Ķ֮ˡ
ҶƯŮӶģӷ
λ㣡
ߵˮǱߣʩһ
ǣ
һɻ֮ɫƺַʲôղŴӻӿҶ񣬾ͷһ˿ߡ
ϻŮӣˮֹŮӿȻ졣
ӣͱƷˡ
˳ƻӣǰżȻʶҶ磡
ʮֿϾʶҶ㣬ǺߣȻҪ˸ùϵ
϶Ҷ黨ǲˣ
һƢ֮Уȴûһ˿ΪĶԼӲδõҶϿɣȻҲ˵
ɺ˵Ҷ粻ˣ
ȳһ䣬úҪҶ㡣
ãܸ˵˵Ҷ⼸𣿡
˲뿪ˮãҶ֪֮٣Ȼ֪ҲˣӶҶһ϶жˡ
Ȼԣõң
ûӣȻԳãҪǴȥһɽĺ䶯
ɳ𣬶ˮŮʮֿ˲ɡ
˴˵֮أ뿪Ҹ֮𣡡
Сʱ˵ˮɽ߶һ֣϶ٵͽӣ뿪
ã
漴һ뿪ǷǸһ䣬ɽ粻ƽˡ
ʮ죬ɽѰʮ죬˭ὫǧΪȫϵκҲô
ԣʮ죬ɽӿһǿı꼴١
Ƿ飬һʱСҲɽÿһ䡣
ԭҶţ׷жϣѰӻ
徻ɣ̵ȵȣҪǲҶһ˾š
ÿŶϹŶŵ򣬿ϧɽ磬ţɽһһš
ǸҶĶԹǳ֮Ҫܡ
ںγǣСкɬ㲻һˡ
һֱ׷ҶĽŲԽ˦ԽԶ
ɽı仯Ҷ㲻ˣĴȫλҶҪ黹кܶܶࡣ
˳ҶҪʩչʱ䷨򣬸ʱ䣬һ죬ſԡ
Ϊʮʱ䣬ҪȫƷôס
Դ⣬ҶҪʱ䣬ֻҪʱ㹻ĴƷָտɴ
ҶĿǰʵܵһ죬ʮѾǼˣڸˣҶľޡ
ʮָȫҲٸ֣Ҷ㡣
ҶûʱʦɣֻǼ򵥵ĺһȥѵĴȥˡ
ׯҲ֪Ҷɽ磬ܰҲ࣬ϾŲԼһ˵㡣
֮У׹˸ĴۣСڵѾϻˣѾﵽʣµ˶˼ѹ
ʮڲϵĿԴԴϵԴͽɽׯ
ɽׯµĽ죬ҪˣԭɽׯͲǿճǣһ죬ճһƬ
Ⱥɽǰճǣֱǹ
ȥзճǣɽάɽׯչ
ȱԴħѵҶԼҲֹͣϵĲ硣
ɻֱҶ࣬Ҫɽׯûʵǲеġ
ɽׯѾϹʵˡ
˿̣ԽԽ˻ۣĴԴԴϵǰճǣ̽ɽׯϢ
ϧɽׯϢȫסˣκ˶Ҷֲˡ
ʱһȥҶʮ޿ҪˣȻûԷΪҪɽׯһˡ
ҲܵǰδеѹΪĴ߳ɵʼԾɽׯֹҶ
һƣ޷Ҷ㡣
һ̫žͻ飬ĶԸʱȫ˾ɽׯȴΣ
Ծȣ
Ҷչ֮ǰׯ˵һ仰ҲׯĴڸȶʺʲôʧ
ʮʱ䣬һζɽȻɣû˰ҶĻȥһճ
ɽׯ֪Ҷʮ֮أ׷ڴ֮еȺֻĴ֪һ죬ʮꡣ
֮Уȹʱ䣬൱ꡣ
꣬һʣҲ˸߼ҪԺһЩﵽƷ⡣
Դѻ֮£Ĵнɡֱ˳ͻƵ˾Ʒһ֣ɽׯˡ
رˣȫţʮʱ䣬Ҷô֡
ⲻ֪Ҷķ˶Դÿ춼дԴͽȫϡ
ĴһֱͦΣɢһɿɲϢɲһľƷһԽս
ֻԼôģ˼һ㣬Ҷÿʱÿ̶ڲǡ
ÿʮ˶ҪҶ֣ÿζҶŰ
ԭΪʮƷԺҶ㣬ϧǱҶһлܣرҶ֮Ÿֻ֮ţȫ޵еĴڡ
Եߵʱת
ֻ֮£˭ҵեÿһǱ
ʮʱ䣬ɽׯ˲ˣɽׯһ£Ĵͻƣ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ĴĿģػɽׯĿĴﵽˡ
ʮ˵ڻ޷ܣȻȹ꣬żʱ䣬·Խ¡
μׯ
ҶӴ˳Ȼܲһ˿Ϣ·һƽһ㡣
Ĵɽׯ߲׷

Ҷ֮Ͽʲô鲨һкȻ
ԣҶø˿Ҷ㵽ʲô
겻ǰ׹ģڽʱˮʥ飬뵽ɱ¾֮а˱֮С
İ˱һ죬ѹƷԷˮһ򵥡
ׯһƽճ˲İˣƶǴ̽ɽׯϢʱûʲôж
}B˳ֱһֱЩӣɽׯһֱ}B
ճЩ
Ҷûʲô飬ƺһϵˡ
ɺܿóһݵͼճΧһЩȦ棬ϺɫǵǸɽׯʮֲ͡
ϴΧŵʱҲˡ
ʹӱɿʼɣ
Ҷ㿴һ£ǿһţ֮⼸귢չԡ
Ĵ
ҶϣͻȻɢһɺ嫵ϣڳ˾ȻĤ֮ģҪ
ŵ
ĴĹ£׼Ҷ
ҽƽɣ
һҪףҶһˡ
ǰʵҶ̣ڲҪˣԳ𱨳ԹԹ
ǣ
ĴֲͬΣǳ룬һȥ
ɣֱɽׯѾﲼһ󣬾ˣҲƿ
ЩӣҶżҲɽׯһ


1755 
һӵֱȻҵɸһЩõӣݶ
}BЭͬˣɽׯճ֤ɽׯתСûҡ
ҶʮҲûţʮ֮УҲ˺þãȻûҶԲҲ˼꣬Ϊ
ĴҶֵӵнӽĸ߼ڼ˼ʮˣҶѾԽš
ׯҪһȥ
ַĺ£˭ҲҶһַɽ磬ԸҶˣһһնɱ
ҸĴԣɽׯȶҪǼĥԺҪǵĵط̫ˡ
ɽվҶ֮أԳ绹Ҫ뿪
һݵ㣬ҲҶĴӪɾݣ˿أɽõĵص㡣
ӵоˣɽӵоɽׯҶڽԼĻҵһлˣʱˮ飬ͨ磬ԺֻҪҶֵµˣɴ
ܴܲ¼̳˵ĴУ˳ƹأͿҶĿǰһˡ
ҶĴ֮£ĴƮƮγĸӣҶ뿪˾ɽׯ
ܿ죬Ҷʮ֮󣬴Ĵ뿪ɽׯϢĴ˳ȥ
̽ʱ伸ûûҹĶɽׯҶ֣Ϣɽÿһ䡣
յϢɽٴתһЩԷˣܿһ£׼Ҷ㡣
Ҷֻʮʱ䣬޵ˣҶ㲻ʲôٶˣҲҶԼ˵Ļû˷
ɣ˿ȻΣĽ٣ȻյҶصϢҲ֪Ҷ뿪ճǣȴ֪ҶһĿ꣬Ǳɡ
һʱ֮Ҷڱɵ⻹Ҷ˽Ų˲Ҫӡ
ǧˣԶԶĸҶҪҶҪʲô
֪Ҷ˱ɣͻȻһţҶˡ
Ҷ㳯Сڵ˵ͷСھͳ˳ȥһƳɵɽźȥ
䣡
ɵɽűСһ飬ܿ쾪ˣһЩչصˣ׷ױѡ
ǰɵң
һŭӱ֣һӰˣǱӡ
Ҷ֮Ӻ޵ҧгݣΧţҲһݣʵ˵Ҷ㵹ûжޣΪ̫̰ˡ
ΪţɿԴлԭûгޣΪһ̣Ҷεļ
ɵĸһһ֣Ҷʮǰ¶֮ɫ
ҶֶΣ֪Ҷĺ֮Ѵȥ˲ңҲˣңұɱˡ
һӢۣһۡ
Ӣ̫ۣҶҲʲôӢۣģֻ
ӣʮѵڻԹԵĹģׯһܱȫɣȻǱɵĩգ
СѾǵСˣһԱ󽫣Ĵ֮ףһִ
Ҷ㣬̫ҵȷЩԣҲնɱ
ɫҲΪڣѾˣҲûá
òԣ
Ҷ㿴һ˿·ڸһһ㡣
һ䲻ԣ֪ΪɥΪһʱ̰˶һôðôΧš
Ȼ֮䣬ҶϢǣһЩĽ׷ױɳȥ
Զǧˣһ¶֮ɫʮ죬ҶϢ·ﵽȫƬء
Χţ˸һԭҶûгޣˮ㣬γôһΧ
ƾɱħսǼˣôһС룬ΪűذɣŴһš
񲻵ôû̵ҶǿУΣ֮С
ڶ࣬Ҷ֡
ƾĴͷǳĿɲһֵܵƷɣʮƷֻʮˣҶ֡
Ϊ˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ̶ʮʱ䣬ôĸ֡
ʮʱ俼ǣԷΪǲɣ
ҶĻ䣬벻ɵűѡ
˱ԷΪҲǷˣԺ޷ɽȥȥ϶档
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫ̫һ֮ûйϵ
ҶҪɣӷС
ӣѵׯ˼ԲãѾǸ⿪ˣԲƽˣִԲ˶Ϊᣡ
С˵ˣӻ޴Ҷɱħ񣬸ǆ£ֱɱȥ
ɫʮѿҪԷΪɱһ
ҪˣȱɣǱɿ϶һǧɣΪš
ʮѵǺûУ
ҶȻ䣬˵ĻӲġ
ǵģҾͲ˾֮ԸǣѾڸ׼ɱħͷ
ϳ˳ܴ裬Ȼϣ˱Ծ˭Ҳܲˡ
ɱ
ͻȻ֮䣬ˣףһɱأͷ
һʱ䣬ɵϱĴɱޱȡ
Ҷ㽫Ǵɱ˻ûжʽһбҶ̻ʡ򵥵ķɱ֡
Զֵǧ˾ˣһ¶֮ɫɱϣûһ˿ˮ
ףɱˣø߼ˡ
ɱˣĴ̤ĽŲʼɿֻҪҶһ£ǻԥɱȥ
ͷʬ壬¶һ˿ɫ˫ĵʹ
ĴһƽӣĴ֮Ӹ޷ֵֻܲȥ
ԶһЩӿʼɪɪǵȻҲ޹ģΪһ֮͵˵
䣡
ӷ·˼ʮ꣬˱ޱǷϣ˵ֿ
Ҷ㣬ֻҪԷΪĹ𣿡
ӿһˣЩ˶Ǳɵĵӣһϣ֮ɫԼ
ˣҪԲòſԣ
˵ղţҶԷΪһӲдڲˣ
㡭
ҪŭǺܿѹȥڷŭк档
úúãϷǧ꣬û뵽챻һëСӱƵַϣϷˣ
ͻȻ쳤̾ʱܵһԼ⣬Ϊյһʱ嶯
û˵ֳһƬҵһɣҶѾӰظ֡
ҪˣԶʮϷ׷׳˹׼Ҫֹӡ
ǲҪ
һȣˣѾʧˣɲʧˡ
Ǻαأ
ʮһŶ֮ɫҶ㣬޲ܽҶնɱ
˳޵ҶʮֵȻûһ˿ĲЩԼϣһʶԼҲݡ


1756 ɨ
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬Ҷ뿪ɽׯϢ״˳ȥ˷ӵ
һֵܻ֮֮ˣֵˣ
쳤ХԼϣһѪ漴建£ʮס
Ҷ㣬ĿĴﵽˣڻߣ
ʮѣϧҶ֣ȻһҶƴһһ
ϣǺΪ֮ߣ裡
ҶûиϾɱŭɽ磬Ҷ㻹޴ˣܲܽɽȫɱ⡣
ҶҪģɱıԺҲû˿˷ˡ
һıҶɹΧǧҶҪȫɱкԶһ·
漰Ĵ򣬱Ҫһһҳ
̯ͼĸٴγ֣Ҷһɨһš
ʼڣ
ϴΧţȻûô˵죬Ҷμ
ʼƺҲյϢҶӿʼɽ÷ণΣ
ʱҶִʼڣܻ۵ԽԽ࣬㼸˸Ҷ
ѵȺʱҲ֪һ綼
ʼڸŵĳԹٹ̣Ȼûϵ֮Ҳܹ档
Ӧ֪ҵ⣬ΧŵԷΪҿһ棬ǲ
Ҷԣգվš
վҶ棬Ȼܵһǰδеѹð벽Ȼ͸Ҷľ硣
Ҷ㣬ҪϾɱ
ҲһۣһŻɽ粢
ϾɱǣʮԼɣ
ҶøȥǧˣҶҪڼ̵ʱ֮ȫΪҶ㻹Ҫϻط磬ˡ
ŮˮҶȥǣҶʱܼ
ҪһʼڣҲҪۣ
ȻǺݽɫͻȻˣص֮Уֱӿ˷׼ҶģȻսҲҶľɽׯش
Ҷƺϵˣ˿ûвһжƿ֮С
ҽǵѧ𣿡
Ҷûг˵ǳĴ
μģ
ĴĻشѲ񷡣
ܺãһͿǵˣһ
Ҷ¶һ˿⣬ʱɱˣȻΪԼֻӡ
ԳˣĴ¶һ˿̵Цݣ꣬ڿͷųˡ
˱
Ҷĳһöɫһ֣ܿռͻȻ̮
˱ʥ֮ﵽ˸߼ĳ̶ȣޱȡ
¡
˱ͻȻŴ˻ʼϿ֮ϣػ󷢳ǵܲס
ҶϾȻлڣ
ɽ磬ӵлָȻӵУҲǵͼָ߼̫ˡ
˱Ʒ̫ˣﵽ˼Ʒĳ̶ȣɽ磬ЩŹҵƷǼƷûС
ǿػڸѹ֮£˲ѡ
ʧȥ˴ػЩͼӸܲסѹƾըΪһѪˮֻǿ֧š
û˷Ĵವһʧˣֱӳ˽ȥ齨
Ҷ㴫ڸǵģʮһİˣ൱İ߼һɱʼڡ
ʱ䣬ɱ죬һܲסǿҵĳ
Щͼȫ̶̼ʱ䣬˴ֻʣ°ڿ֧š
ĴĳһѪ֮У˫𣬻ʼڳ꣬һ֮䣬ȫ
ޱȣʮƷһʩչһƷ
Ҷʱûа׷ѣ󣬾ãһϮҶҲԱ֮ˡ
ҶȻ޶ԣվ֮ϣԶˣȴһ˸ҿԶ˵أⱻҶɱ
սһʱʱ䣬ʼȫ𣬻СڷϵΪ壬Ҷǰֱӹڵء
Ҷ㣬ħ㲻úõӦģ
ͷɢһһֽĻҵҶһʱһ
ͣ
ҶһһŻ֣˲仯Ϊҽʧֳ׵ʧ
˻ʼڣߣһ˼̡̤
ղһۣĴ϶һɱ˲ұӣҶ֮⣬˸ҿ
ҲյϢǰ鿴ʼڳ׸𣬷׷¶֮ɫûио˷ܡ
ǲǸֹҶ㣬ȥŭԹ
ԶȻϣҶɳȥɱôˣ⵽Ǵġ
ȫҶմȾѪ
֪Ӧ֪Ҷ㻹һƺɱҶһӶɱ
ȲҪ룬ҶҷģԲпɱӺ˿ġ
ׯ˰֣Ҷʮַģð֮踡
һҶ٣֪ʼڱҶţѾ˿ʼߣƲţȥϣ
ϧҶѲСһݣ֪ںδڸߣҶҲҳ
ɽ磬һţҶ㷭һ׳죬Χŵˣͳͳɱɱˡ
ҶϢһ죬׼ǰĴɽ硣
ʱİ׻ȸγˣҪһ𣬲ֵܵҶ㡣
һʱһǿĻʼڣϹ徻ҲŸ˵Ҷˡ
Ψһİ취һϣܿҶ㡣
;УҶͻȻһȺˣڣȻҶ㡣
ϤˣҶǴζЦݣСзʥ̶μӱļˡ
ַ壬£Ĵ磬ҶϹѩܣźһɽ硣
û뵽Ҷ㲻ʱ䣬Ҳɹ̤ɽ磬˶̶ʱ䣬Խˡ
ҶϵΪɽ磬ҲһҶ㣬ŵֱ˿ӡ
Դӣ˴Ҷǰ
Ҷ㣬ǰڶе⼸ѾǷϵΪϣ˲С˹֮ĶԹһʹ
ȻϵǵΪǸõҶԭ¡
СͷɢﻹзĿһеӡ
Ҳһңʧȥ˷һͨ˶׵ɱ
Ҷ°ͣЦеĿżˣҶ㲻Сг𣬿ȻǣȫϵΪ
֪ΪԱִ׵
˵ĺ㣬Ϊ˴ңˣ˵һ㣬̰ΪԼܻȥ˼
Сּˣ
ҶһЦеӣʲôڷ磬ҶüβСҶһֱš
ˣھʣˡ
Ҷ㣬Ҫɱɱʵˣ
С֪ձɣȻȥҲûˡ
ɱҵ֣ҾҪǻȥҹܵ尾Ҳεɽ۷壡
Ҷ㲻ô׵ɱǣ̫ˡ


1757 ֮ս
Ҷûɱǣҹҹ尾ֱɱǳȫǼ
Ҷ㣬ħ
˶Ǳ֮ģû뵽Ҷ㲢δɱǣü˷С
Ȼ˾飬Ҳ˵ʲô⼸鷳úõţһֱΪֹ
Ҷûпһۣ󲽵˳ȥƺΪ
Ҳ˿ûиӣ˵̫ˣԼĵӶµȥ֡
İɣҶׯһúõǡ
˵ǣ¶һ˿̵Ļߣ⼸˻ȥûкӹˣܡ
Ҷ㣬ˣɱҰɣ
ҶҪ뿪ͻȻڵأҶͷڵϣҶֱӸһʹ죬صڣ϶ҹҹܼ尾
ѣӦˬ򣬽йһԼɵģҺθɣ
ҶŻԽԽСҲʧĴһʧԭء
һжѭҶ㲢δʲôΪԼֵĿӦԼ
Ҷʧ̾ϢһȻΣԺڿ϶ҪˣǺñԼҪõöࡣ
ҺõûвΧţȻԼҲһʬ塣
Ҷڶվ׻򣬵ΧȣɽׯԺ̵ȵȣǰ׻֪ڡ
رǺнԺҶǺ֮ǣγˡ
Ĵһ𣬻мСţγһ޴ˣ֪Ҷǰѹʱ
̤׻򣬾ŵһ̵ζ׻װҶ̤㣬ѾΪҶ׼˷Ĺ
һߵĿѱ˿һգǳտʺϴս
Ĵһһս飬ս֮أڴ˴
յս飬Ҷı˷ֱ߿׼һս
ʱĻ߿ˣ󲿷ֶǹֵģĴţ˽ӽǧʵԺɨҶˡ
紵˸о󱳷ɽ缸ˣûзĴսӽһǧһ֣ǿ˸Ž
ǧԴɸɢܣ齨׼ԸҶ㡣
ΰ׻һЩûвţҲ׷׸֣ۼܣⳡ֮ս
ԶҶ̤ųأ֣Ĵ棬ϵɱ֮ԽԽŨһ·ϣ˺ܶѪ֮¡
Ҷ㵽ͻȻˣ֪ΪΣҶ޺Цݣȴϵ˶ħ֡
ЦݱĶ̫ˣЦл
мտشվŽӽһǧˣЩ˶ʮ˵һĴǣͷһЩСŲ룬ôˡ
Ҷ㣬ˣһΪ㲻أ
ԺԺһЦҶǺ֮ǡ

ܴһЦǧһ𷢳ЦԭΪҶŵһǰǻԵֵ
ʮʱ䣬ĴˣҶȹ׻򣬶ǣţȸǣƾɽׯ޷ְҶ㡣
ڹȻãҶֻǴʮˣҪɨƽ׻췽ҹ̷
󳰷ҶȻŵЦݣĴΰţҶ֪ôûаյ̡
Ц𣿡
Ҷһ˿ܵȻʵ
˶ֹͣ˴Цݱɳɱ߿Ҷ֮ء
Ҷ㣬ڣ
ֻҪû룬мİնɱҶ㣬ʮɱҶ㣬ǾͰˣ˲УǾǧˡ
ôǳսҲҪɱҶ㡣
Ȼô϶ұɣԥʲôֱӳְɣ
Ҷø˵ȻǸӲӲԼֻܳȫˡ
һԥʲôһɱħͷ
ĳһ£캣ʮȥԺȵȣͬһҶݺݵѹ
ǧγɵ˶ô£ܵĿռֱӱƷɣ¶޾ĺڶ
Զֵ˸޷ֻҪԲףͻᱻڶɵһɶ
ɱ
Ĵȳˣһʱ˳ȥرͻһֱײһճͱͻһӸɨˣķѡ
ҶȻվԭأĿĴ֣򲻵ѣҶ㲻׵ĳ֡
ĴγĪ֮ƣֳٳٴ򲻿Ĵķ
ʮˣܵϣ޴֣Ǻܿ죬ǻһ㣬ֻдһȱڣȻƵ
˱
ҶͻȻʩչ˰˱һɺ嫵ϢˣǼƷ
ʱ䣬ϿձסˣԶ֮ߣ׷׽ԭأ޷
ǧ⣡

Ҷʩչ˱һ̣ԺкԼĻȻﲻƷ̶ȣ˱սһƽ֡
ϵˣҶƷҲ˻ѹ֮ûˡ
Ҫˣ
ǧҶ¶һЦ⣬Լ⣬ؾɽׯ
ɱ¾֮
ҶͻȻɱ¾֮һɸӿɲϢˣڰ˱֮ϡ
ˡ
ռ֮УͻȻ˵һڲʧԭء

žһҽУһδü˼ͱɱ¾֮塣
ãһ
˭뵽ҶϾȻֹһóһڸ֮ϣɵĴ󣬺ܿո˼
ɱ¾֮ѾҪҶԼȥٿأɱˣƥƳգһ嵹¡
赲ɱ¾֮ĽŲΪĽ׵ļȫˣش򣬳κˡ
ηɱ¾֮ҵ϶׵˺ѣնɱ֡
Ĵ뵽ΣҶһ䣬ŨŨɱҶɢ
Ĵɱ¾֮նɱǧˣǳѣά֣ɱ¾֮ղ͵Ϯԣܿͱֿ
и
ҶͻȻʩչ˴иˣ˷Բ
Ӱ
ԶֵЩֻߣٲߣͻˡ
һЩܵˣֱӱ˺ѣֻʣһѶ⡣
иµһ̣ͷðһɱ֮ҶʵȻﵽ̶ֳȡ
ⲻܣϢѵͻƵ𣿡
˲⣬Ʒʩչǿĵ⣬ǧˣ̫˼ˡ
Ǭ
ҶͻȻߵǬʩչ˴ǧ˾ȻʧȥĴӰӣ֪Լںδ
ĴȴĿǣɱһ£գۼĹ˵ء
ɱ¾
ҶվԭأûôŲŲʩչε⣬ֱǧ˵ĹĴڳ˻ᡣ
Ҳİ
һ֮ǰʹĺУģôҶһ֮ܿǧˡ
ڼʮԺɨˣ֣Ȼû赲ҶĽŲ
񣬸ˣ
ҶɺЩȤΨһҶȤģ
Ҷӽˣħս򣬴硣


1758 ɽ
ˣһɼΣյϢͻȻ߿
ЩδͻȻ¶֮ɫ
ǼˣҶһ˾ʮѲһʵҲڱ壬ӣƾܺɨˡ
ĴѾˣǺܿĻָˣҶ㽫ʥȫڸǡ
ʥǿԲϵսһʱ䣬ɵʩչʮΡ
˴ˣֵԽԽ󣬶Ĵдʥ֧֣ƣڱ
ʽ
ɫ׶ߣһ֣ܳ˹ħ޸ն£ǰһڵͨ
¡
һľˣɱԭͺѪ˿ʩչ⾳
֮ϣһĹ۳֣ϵ죬ӴͻȻϢֱ˺塣
ҶƯ֮ϣһߣϲ֣֮˭뿪
ԶߵЩַ׷׿һ֮սϵʬ壬Щɾ¶ŨŨĺȻ֮ɫɸһϵķ
ղŻǧŹȥյʱ䣬֮һĴԽսԽ£ֱ绢
ɱ¾֮Ǻֱײϵ͵Ϯ͵Ϯֶ֣ܿһ塣
˱ͻȻɢ⣬һ֣ܶһЩȻʼܲסҽС
̫ˣɽҲû赲ĽŲˣ
֮ϣһȺˣĿⳡսɽ绹һŸҶûйڣⳡɽַ֮սûвμӡ
ҲΪûвμӣŸоˣ˿̲Ҷ㣬Ƕôǵѡ
վǳɴ֮ˣ²ˮһ۵ʣ
Ҷˮ裬ѶϣᱻϿɡ
ΪҶУ˵һнյĳɾͣȻַΣ˲ңҲˡ
ò˶ãЩ˾ͻȫûˣΪһ֣ҶͶ˭֪Ҷں٣ɱ١
һ̾Ϣһ׻齨ǧˣԭΪҶɣ˭֪Ҷĸ߶ȣȫ߸ǵ֪
ĴʩչʥˣϵƺָܿЩץˡ
񼸺һ𲻰սһսȦ͸ÿһһʬ嵹¡
Ҳˣ䣬ԸǸ
һܲסѹˣͻȻԶݣɸҶҲԸڳˡ

ףҶϲֳ֮ˣֱӽסֶս֮Уܿ챻
ֲпֶΣһˣҶ쿴ҪȫڴˣԴ
һʼڣ£Ҫ˰׻ǧ֣Ҫˡ
ܿӶߣҶץ˻¶ս֮С
Ѿɢˣûиղǹɳ徢ҶĴи׻ʧȥơ
Ҷ֮ţֻ֮Żδʩչһʩչƻнӽһڷ
ⲻܣ̶ʮʱ䣬ôô֣Լʵôٱ
쳤Хʮ֮ǰҶʥʱʵôǿ󣬹Ƶʱһ𣬶ɱҶ㡣
ʮȥˣǧ˶κβˣ˵ǲ⣬ɽ˶⡣
սֵбǺˣûĴǹһǰƣ𽥺ˣϧҶһݲ߰벽
Ҷ㣬ħ㲻ú
ԺԺһУû뵽Ľ֡
֣֮С֣֮ׯͻֱ˺ѡ
һ쳹ɽĸ֣ﲻһ屻ļ̤϶ûС
ҶǾһȺһȺԷΪҶҲɱôˣΧţǧѣǽ죬Ҷɱǧˡ
кܶ˶ûв뵱ΧȻǾǳˣ졣
˵áҶ޶ԣĮ·Ĳһ㣬Ҷľ磬ѾƬء
ñ縩ɽһɽ˾ɽ硣
ָһ㣬ʧȥ˲ٿصĻҶԺɽׯׯ֮
ǧǽԺıò˶ãҲᱻҶУıҶ㻹Щġ
սʼβֻʣ²ڿ֧ţĴȫ֮նɱһɱ¾֮
Ҳ
һѪ֮У֮ǰֶĿչֵ뾡¡
ûͬǣֻĮԶЩɾЩŵĵӣ˿̳˷֮⣬κζ
ǶҶϵľ£һӶ޷⿪ħˡ
ἰҶ㣬ǶⳡսɵӰ̫ˡ
һһ£ԺŻں޸ˮ˵ϣ˫ŭ·ĿǶû
ǧʧȥ˲ٿأҲҶսɵȥӡǣ֮
ѾΪһǧѻɽʬǣڷڻ߿ϣǵķĹ
ЩĿռ䣬Ƽǧ궼޷ϣѾһأͨ޷̤
ĴմѪϵɱԽԽŨγʵʡ
˵Ҷ󣬶ҶֻгݣûҶ㣬ʮôնɱ˶
飬Źʮ֮ǰǸţնɱǧ
˵ѹҲţԼƷ̶ȣԽս
һжҶһ͵ģҶǵĸ
ʣµһɢﻹҶԶֵ׷׶ܣҶ㣬ǻ
Ҷ죬Ѱ·
Ҷնɱ׻ǧϢܿ촫ÿһ䣬յϢȫ¶֮ɫ޷ʵ
رȸ򣬴˿һţϣ齨˶Ҷг𣬿϶Ըμˡ
Χֻһǧˣûвμӵˣ˻ˮˣԸһ͡
ҶַһϢٸȸʱ䣬ڵŸֱӲš
ϢɢȥɽըϹ壬ԯȵȣ׷תԼ֮϶ֵסҶˡ
޷ǣţһݱһϹԯ޷ֵ
ص˾ɽׯɵЩûɱģҶϢ
Ҷڰ׻նɱǧɽׯ£ȫˣɽ磬˭ʶɽׯ˭ʶɡ
ճ棬һƶ֮أסĶͨˣ˿ᵽطֱŵġ
ѪŨˮȻǲʣֱŮӦ顣
Ϣûзգܿ촫ʹ飬ӶˣԼһ㣬Ѿһˡ
ϧûкҩҪģһڻں֮жȹ
ɽׯ⼸ɽŶˣ˼ԴҪɽׯϧҶɽׯڷչ׶Σ̫ˡ


1759 
ʱ䣬ɽণ֪δˣһЩСŸŲͬûе̣ܲסҶŭ
ׯׯŸׯԭ£
֮УҶУһ˽㱨
ɽׯ֮⣬ɽׯׯһϣܵõҶԭ£⼸콫ɽׯѾȥˡ
Լ˲ҪԱȫɽׯ
ʼڵӻķǰǧһҲҶڵİ׻򣬺ܶһŻĵ䵽˶ţʧ̫ˡ
ߣǳȥ
˿̵ɽׯſڣۼǧˣӣճǵǣ˷ϵӿճǡ
ճǳȻڳһĽ͸˾ɽׯֻѰԱ
Щӣճǵķ۴ǣɽׯֶһ룬ҷӻڲϵճǣҪɽׯ̲
ַչƣɽ缸궼δֹɽׯ·һҹ֮𣬳ưɽ硣
Źׯеһϣҡͷ̾ϢڻЭˡ
һ֮ǰ˭ʶɽׯɽׯ˶֪Ҳһţϧ񡭡
Ѿûͬˣܱźõö࣬ͨ
Ҷ˵ԷΪԻȥǵĵλصɽׯܱ꣬ȿҪõĶࡣ
Ҷׯ֪ˣԭǰɣ
Ҷ֣ׯҶһͷþƷ˿̾һһ
֪ôɣ
Ҷ˵ûһ˿飬þƷɽׯǰĿⶢ
ףϣҶׯܷŹɽׯ
ׯ֪ҶҪԷΪӴԺֻһˡ
лڹ֮ģԷΪɣԺҿǣ
ҶҪ˿ҲܱƵ̫ųԷΪлҶ㡣
лҶׯ
˳Ҷһͷһ˵֮ϣһöǣ˷ֱ飬Ϊʧ
ղŻƷܿһͨˣмĲ̫ˡ
ǧнյĳɾͣΪҶһˣΪһ
ȻΪϵˣûж˸֮ɫԼѡģһˣԳȫܶˣֵˡ
Ϊ֮󣬺ܿ챻˴ˣɽׯʮˣ˶ûв롣
˱ߣҶȻޱ飬·һƽ顣
Źȥһ죬ƽ࣬Ͼ˶ܿҶ㡣
˴ͷ֮󣬽ӶֱҶûԽӼˣǽɳȥԼǽ֮УȻ
ʱ䣬ҶǶȹһʮꡣ
Щʱ䣬Ҳ޷磬ɽҲﵽǧ꣬Ҷ֮У˿߰ˡ
򣬲ôײҶħսоģҶҪģǽ֮ڽͬ
ͻҪſԣ
Ҷ˫ۣһֱչҲǰ취Ҷ˼򣬴֮˳
ʱ䣬һζһٶϴϵΪֻʣ¼ųٳûǰ
ɣļûǰǸ
Ҷ㳯ʵѯһ⼸Ľ
ȸĽڡ׹Ϲ塢ռ塢ԯ壬ɽׯ֣ҡҵȵȣ
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Ҷ˵ͷЩһŸϴĶϴˣֻʣ⼸ˡ
ȻǲϴֻԵַˣ
Ҷվӣ˵ĻҶһҪȥɣѹҶĵߣЩŲˡ
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ɽׯһΣһȵϢ֣˻δϢȵˣɽׯ㵹
ҺҶ㽫ɽׯӹȻһ޷֮
ַҾɽׯ
ҶವһʧԭأɽׯϿգɿ󣬿߲ơ
ҶСÿĿȻҪϹ˸ϴ
˳ˣȻϹǿߣԼԯǿߣһ١
һۣһֱ룬ܲɳǿߣȻǾˡ
ҪϹϴԷΪЩϼҲˡ
Ϲףԯˣڣɽׯ׹׷׵վԶһŲ̵Цݡ
ڳˣ
Ҷ㾹Ȼû̫ĲòһΪҶˣӦ÷Ĥ
ׯҲϵˣ֣¶ŨŨĵ֮ɫ
£κҶ㣬Ͳͬˡ
ҶСڸһλᣬԷΪɽׯҹͬǰ飬ǿԼ̣
ԯ˵ˣȻ˾ɽׯĲҵ
Ĵ⣬ʮ߼ҵ˭ۺ졣
ʼڵĲҵȫ滮ɽׯ£һЩĲҵɽׯ˿ɽеš
鷴ˣʼҶҪ˶ԷΪһ·ֵϹ廹ԯ壬ǷҶΪô򵥣ǳ˲¹ͷɽׯ˼Ҷˡ
һЩ̫ʴˣ
Ҷ⻬°ͣȣҶԼ̫ʴˣԸļ壬Ӧնݳ
ҪҵĻҵǵһң壬ԺûбҪɽȥˣ
ҶͻȻһ䣬ɢɱ
ϲϴҶ㶼ԭˣֱĨ
ܻܲ˵ɣ
ϹЦһΪҶ̫ˣԼɱҶһֻһ򵥣ʲô԰ġ
ԭֻһˣ֪Żһ˲ǶԸһ˴´ࡣ
ǽԪûӦûڱչء
ģҲ
Χ۵ԽԽ֣࣬ɽûгĴˣһ١
ҶܻܲȥһʷԶļʷ֮УɽΪøӶ˶ʡ
ǿԴ󣬾
ϹȲˣҪĽսϾ֣ʲôʵ顣
ɽ缫Ԥ飬Ҳǿʷ֡
}ڤǰԯϹͽˣϹϹҵģ
ҶͻȻ˵һ䣬һӰӿռ֮л֣ǲҶ˳
İɣɱ̫ˣ
}ڤƽϾǴģﵽ˶Ʒ̶ȣԯ治һƷ
һ֣ԯϹɫ䣬Ҷ㱳Ȼ
ܺãɱ֮󣬲׼֮Ĵ򶷣Լľˣ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬ֱӳ˳ȥǴˣȻҶ
ĵô£ҪҶģʲô̥
ŭһ䣬ΪܸоδʮԺ
ҶԽǿԽˣ޲ܽԼʵȫ͸Ҷ㡣


1760 ŭս
ԯ汻}ڤ˹ȥݲ֡
ԭԯۿ֣˭֪Ҷ㱳һҾ绹֮ϣʱŵûһ¡
ϲģ㾹ȻҶǼҹӵǣǻĲͷˣ
}ڤǵ״ڣǵɽ磬Ǿ۷壬ֲεĲʮԣԽС
ǺˣΪҪһȥˣ
ԯ治ףԷöƷȻһ⡣
Զ⣬Ҳףһ죬ǼҹӣЦǧ磡
}ڤø£ȫֱ֣ӽԯ޾֮ϣƻĸ֡
һռѣ˺ĻǾɽׯ
Ϲ϶ɣ
Ҷɱ¾֮Ϲսһ𣬳ʮֻ𱬡
ԶϹüͷ壬鲻һˣҶɨ£ΪҶ϶£ɨƽˡ
˭֪Ϲԯˣת˶ΪҶɡ
ַˣҶ㱳ҲǿߣŻһҶѾڲ֮ˡ
Ҷƺûн˵˼ҪԼ֮նɱһ˵Ժ˭Ҷ
䣡
ҶϹ˽ʵʵײһ𣬽޾ĳһ𳯺ȥ
һҶ㾹ȻסˣҲûʾֱ˼顣
̫˼ˣǿһȻֵˣʵ¡
ҶսⰻȻƻ֮ϣһЩ˳ɵˣףҶΪе
Ҳˣ
Ҷûжľη֮ģҲһˣֶܶΣҶʮ˽⡣
ҶһϹɫࡣ
˵ǿҲһ
Ҷ㣬ʶһʵ
ղϹ治ʩչҶʵԼò
ҶһȷʵˣׯҲ⣬ҶһƾɱˣʦģΪѾͽܷ
ׯûκβʮֿģͽʵԽǿʦҲй⡣
̸Ҷ㣬ȻҲ̸ׯʶ飬Ҷ
𣿡
ҾĿԴ
ҶζЦݣԴɢ·֮ϡ
̤˻ģһ䣬ɱ¾֮ٴɨȥޱȣһƷڳ֡
ʽ
Ҷʩչ߱ʽ󿪴ϵʽǳʺʩչȫûиҵĸо
ʽ
ʽ
ʽ
ʽ
ʽ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬һ־һ𣬵ӵֱӺ졣
ѿܲסҶһ֮ɲʼۣǳűˣԶһЩС򣬾ȻԼը
ûˣ޷Ҷһι
⻹似ںϵһγ˾һ
ֿɲ˺֮Զ˷׷׺ˣž֮ɫҶ㣬һγˡ
Ҷڰ׻ɱǧˣżȻǱȻĿǰȫɱûĴɱǧˣҲֻʱ⡣
ܴ̹ǵĺ⣬Ϲ¶һ˿֮ɫҶһһֱԽս
Ҷ˵һ󾳽磬ʵһĲ֮࣬ڱ˵֮
ǶҶ˵ȴûвࡣ
һҶΣڶҶ˽ӽ꣬Ӵ˺ܶ編򣬵Ҷħսķ򣬶ãԼĶ⡣
ۺԭҶ㽫һĲֲˣҶռݾԵơ
ҶֲĹϹϾȻ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫЩţָһ޴ĺ˳ˡ
ϫ
ϹĵҲǧ֮һǳĿˣһǧ⡣
ֽȻͬһɽĩգ޾ĳϫܹȥ
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ɽӶѣ޹⣬ˮ࣬޹˲ѡ
˴ܣ꣬ɽһڹ͡
䣡
һǿҵײ·𶼱ˣںδ
ֻܿһ⻪˸СĿռ֮УؽʮΡ
ϹĶˣǲУϹΣˡ
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ɱ¾
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ҿ
ϹϾˣͻȻɢһɫâ޷ģ£ȻƬء
ЩֱӱɳȥҶĴɱ¾Ҳֻѡ
и
ҶҲûָһоܻϹϹĿľǽ֮ԼƵ⣬ͨ
дӡ
ϲ֣֮
һʽһʽҶ㽫ʩչ˼£ϹϹۻңϵĭЩҪܲܿƷˡ
ҶСЩ˺ңȰ㻹ǹԹԵ־ܰɣǰ飬ǵǿ
ϹϹȻŵҪҶ̸Ϊԯ治ϵı}ڤˣǿһ۾ֱܷ
ϹϹҪҺ̸㻹ûʸ񣬽ķĹ
ΣҶҲҪ֮նɱӴԺɽ˭ðԼ
Ϲ汻ҶһĹǺǿ߷ŵ̬Ҷ㾹ȻˣҶҲɽˡ
սԽսԽңѾս˾֮ϣϵ˿ӰˣֻܷɵС
Ĵ}Bˣ׷ػˣʱ͵Ϯ
ǶҶţر壬}ڤ֣˷ܵĺС
ĴҲһҶȥƶԥҶĳݣһĤݵĳ̶ȡ

Ȼ˵ӰӣһܴһɫֱϹϹϡ
¡¡
ʱĽɫ渲һʣǱͿĨһְһʮּ̣Щƣӳڴ֮ϡ
Ϲ屻סˣУһЩɵ߿յÿһĻһž֮ɫȻסˡ
ҡɽׯ׹ȵȣ׷¶֮ɫһ˿˿
ҶʤˣЩ廹ţƴӴԺҪɽˡ
ȻҲһǧɣһţɶţò˼꣬ͻı˲ʳ
ȭ
Ϲһȣʩչһֵ⣬ǳǿһȭֱ˺ѴҶĿơ
ϹϹԲƽˣһսƺһûռҶ㣬ϵѹһδκˡ
ڤ粻飬ҿ㻹жٵʹã
ƵҶҲ⣬սδԼĵҲûȫá
ҪɱҪеĵƲſԡ


1761 ƾ
ϹϹҲʶΣɢһɹɿɲϢ򲻶ϵĽ֯һ·Ҷû
ֻ֮ţ
Ҷԥѡʩչֻ֮ţԼ⣬޷סϹϹָֻŻˡ
Ȼֻ֮ͻȻ֣˾ͽϹɫٴһ䣬һɼɵ֮ɫ
¡
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ЩƼ壬ռ˺ܶҵпǳ֮࣬ٹ̣Щͨ޷չȥ
ҪǣֵܷһЩҶ㲻ÿҪѹһ飬һЩСĿȻ
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ҪϹӮˣǿ϶̲ôɽׯᱻ̲
ҶС̫
ҶԽսԽ£һϹϹˣֻ֮ŵѹ֮£Ȼѡ
ΪҶ棬Ҳ򣬸¶֡
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˵˵ͷħսʼҶģԱѣûַ˵Ȩ档
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ϹϹɫͨ죬ȷʵô£ɽһֱǿʳ硣
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ڲҪˣҶҪȥеĳ޶Ҫһ
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˫ֿʼӡϹϹ˻γһɿɲУǿˣҶ
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Сӣҵģ
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ֻҪԪߣԺָ˶ֻҪɱҶ㣬һжֵˡ
ϹϹҪԱҶһ䣬ҲʮأۿЩҲ׷¶־֮ɫ
һԱĲֹҶ㣬ˣճǣҪΪҽ
죬ӿ
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˿ʼݣ˾ɽׯ֮⣬ȫ֮⣬ϣֵܵһεԱ
Ҷ㲻Уڷ籩ĵش޷뿪ϹϹʩչ֮Ҷܸоռ䶼Ҫ
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𣿡
ҶʮֵȻûκΣգҶ㶼ܴݵԡ
ϹϹҵ۾
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ͫȱ
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Сľ֣
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һз̫죬˶壬ԶЩֵȫ֪ʲô飬ֻǿϹ޷ˡ
ϹϹҶ˫۵ʱҶüĻһĹâֱ͸ϹϹ档
ˮľס壬ϹϹҪԱ屻סˣ޷ʹһ֡
һжڵʱ֮ɣ֮ۿƲ೤ʱ䣬Ҷֻǧ֮һǣʱ䣬նɱϹϹ
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һһ֮һǵĹϹϹֻʣһǣ֫Ҷնϡ
գ
ϹϹз֮Ҷ㽫ֱս֮УԼ죬Ľ֮նɱ
ȵϹϹָǵʱһĵʹϮȫܵľҲˣ׵塣


1762 նɱ
֮ͻȻֹҶϹ涼һʧ˭Ҳ֪ʲô顣
ô£ȥˣ
˿ʼʲô飬ղϹ滹ҪԱҶҲ֪ʩչʲôϹһʧˡ
ҶսǱ}ڤҲսǿ緢ԯֱѹȥ
}ڤûн֮ɱǿҶ㷢䡣
ʱ·ֹһ㣬Ϲ廹ԯ˶ˣʧʧƵĿơ
˭ܸң⵽ô£
ϹһϷһУ˭Ҳ޷һĽ͡
֮У׵˸ϹѾ׵ըˣԴ浽˿ڡ
ϹϹû뵽һɣ
Ҷ˫ֲϹϹ棬޾ӿ뵽Ҷ棬Ҷ㶼Ҫ
һ죬ʮ꣬ȥʱ䣬֮УѾȥüʱˡ
Ҷ㣬ħ㲻ú
оķ򶼱ҶߣϹϹںˣľ֮ɫ
Ϊҹ𣿡
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬ӿյٶȣ޾򣬱Ҷ㲻ϵ⵽֮С
ˬһò˶ãҾͻƵˣ
ҶкãŨҶҪͻƵҪϵ
ղϹ滹ϵܿûˣһϣʧȥ˷֮󣬱һĺˡ
ͣ
Ҷ˫֣ϹϹһϡ
úúãҸоӽˣ
Ҷһ˵֣֮Уȹ˰֮ãӦùȥ˼ӵʱ䡣

ҶͻȻϣﻹһˣʮֲϣòϹ档
棡
Ϲ˷ˣ׷ҪһɱҶ㡣

ҶһϹֱӱɳȥ
˶Ҫ
ӶԷ֮ҶЩ廹ţ̡
ʱ䣬Ĵ˳ȥ}BҲţѾôãˡ
ŵ˺ܿҲսţˮһͷ
ɽݴ󵰸⣬ӴԺ󣬾ǵˡ
ܿ컨֮ҲһЩš
ЩܹˣֻǧңֵܵôˣرĴǳǿ
һսٴݣҶûг֣}ڤҲûгֻ֣ǾĿš
ԯңҶ֮󣬶֮Уڴ
ʱ޿̶ֵˣһϸղűϹɱܿһεˣֻ˹
Ϲ壬ԯ壬ռ塢ڵȵȣŵɫұ䡣
ǵҲˣǶԺ󣬾Ȼܸⳬ˵
˳ԭЩϻɽׯߣǺܿ죬˹ߵ̫ࡣ
Щֵ˺ܿ쿴һЩߣһжҶĹÿҶָһ㣬ĸ
ҺûеӣȻŵĺֹЩš
ЩڰңҺûеҶ㣬ֶΣ̫ɲˡ
ȻŤתʲôֶΣŻл֮ŵ˶Ӧˣʼſֽţս
ΪǲڵֻҪҶܾȻǡ
Ϲ׺ܿ챻ׯ˹ȥ˫սذ
ׯԽսԽ£ϹΪ̫ˣҼսϵıׯƵúˡ
Щɾڻңನ˴ֻʣ¼ʮڿ
ĴǽһܿɱȺ֮Уһɨʮֻʣ¼ֻڿս
Ҷ㣬õӦģ
ԯ峤Ĵ飬ʧԯޱң⣬
áҶ޶ԣȻɽ磬ǿʳҶ첻}ڤԼʵľǾɽׯˡ
ûеԣֻʵеĹ򣬶ǿߵ
Ϲ״Ų֮ɫ£磬̫
ճǵڣǰҲһʱ̫ı仯
ѪȾ˲񷣬ѻɽǶ˵һۣǽʬɽѪ֮ϣҶеˡ
ҪΪһǿߣĸûմȾѪȻվȽŸ
ҶҪģԱѣûַκˡ
űʬ壬Ҷ΢΢һЩ仯һɨһŻ֣ЩȫΪҽڴָǱҶ
ô֣һԴǾɽׯչĻ
绹˵ЩԴԶԶҶҪҪ࣬࣬ܳΪһţӴԺɽܺҶܷĵĵ硣
սˣʧȥϹϹĿƣ뱻ɱ¾֮ȡصҶ
ĿɨһȦһ˿ֱҶ˫ۣղŵֶΣѾ߸ǵ֪
սʤһֶΣԽɽ緶룬ֻŻ֡
Ĵ
ҶһȣĴվţվҶǰ
ŵ
뻮һ쳹񷡣
ʣµ齻ǴϧκֶΣҲϣзԵ
Ҷ䣬ҪƽЩˣԪˣϢѾȥˣһЩѿʼߡ
ǣ
Ĵ֪ҶҪȥʲô
}B}뷣
Ҷٴһȣ}B}˳
ǴҶ꣬ˣиĴֱҵչ
Ҷһţȫ˵棬״˾ɽׯ
ǣӣ
ǲɽׯˣһֱƺҶΪӡ
ֱ}BˣĴǰȸ򣬹Ҫһµʱ䣬ܽЩҵȫռȫ
һлָƽŻл֮ŵ˱ɽׯ֮ڣΪĿˡ
Ҷʦܣڿɽ綦ĸˣԺǶҪʼ㡣
ˮϴһ˿ĽҶŶ̶̼ʱ䣬Խˡ
ʦֱɷʦˣ
ҶЦһҡҡͷҶ㲻Ϊۣ֮һжʱӢ۰ˡ
һѣܿ컨˹
Ҷ磬ʲôʱȥӼλ㣿
ϴʥ֮󣬻Ӹ˳̸˼켸ҹҶɽ飬һһʮȫ֪
һҾͻǰȥ
ɽׯĿǰȶҲЩҸȼҶҪɽׯȶ֮󣬲뿪
Ѿλ˵ˣͻȥǡ
ӸҶĵʮֿģֻкһˣһԣĬĬ
ΪоԼҶԽԽԶˣȻòκһˣȴʮԱҶ㡣
Ҷ磬ȥʦðɣ
ͻȻҪҶȥֻŮ˲ŶŮˡ
ҶҲע⵽ڽĺƺˮ䡣
֪ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷЩ飬ȷʵҪһˡ
ǰԼʵ̸Ů˽飬ȷʵҪøһˡ


1763 һҹ
Ҷֱĳ˹ȥһį֮ɫԭء
ʦ㣬˭أ
ҶںߣȷʵԼ١
ħߣǺҶҲںΪ˰ԼҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷˣ˲ᣬǿЦЦ¶һЦݡ
ϲҶʦ֣ɱ䣡
ҶĵףҶ㣬ҲҶˣġ
⸱ӣҶһʹһ˵ĸ˼ҶκᣬҶôģԼ
һʹ֮ɫҶҪ§ڻ˼Ҷܲ
Ҷ磬ʦóȥ߰ɣ
˹Ҷ˵̫ˣҶȥߣ͸͸
мĿһۻӣϾӵݵλҶŵԣˮˣҲˣǵĵλҲԼ߳ܶࡣ
Ժʹ֪࣬ô졣
߰ɣǳȥߣ
Ҷǣź뿪ȷʵ̫ˣҴڵĺȾƣĳ̸
СŮһĸҶ㣬СֱҶץסǴһ㣬ߺһƬ
ʦ㣬ֻܰôˣҪԼ
뿪ãӵں𣬺Ÿм֮ɫһۻӡ
ôҲԼ˽ģദʮˣԼҪȥһЩҡ
뵽˺Ҫһ˴һչˣȻѾ˽˵Ը񣬲Ǽ
ǻӻϣԼ߶һ飬Ů˾ЩСۡ
һԺ䣬Ҷ˽˵طûҶκ˲̤롣
Ժ棬ЩڣǵһθҶ˽롣
Ҷ磬ҡ
С¹ײСֻǱҶţߺһƬ
ҵ㶼֪ɣҲǲǣҡ
ҶſС֣̾ϢһһĿЦ֮ɫ빼Ǽ
Ҷ磬㲻Ҫ˵ˣֻ֪ҪҾˡ
˵꣬ͻȻ˵Ҷ㻳˫ֱӡȥҶ޷
ĴԣײĻ𻨣Ҷ꣬ͻȻһŮ˵ڻһһ
Ҳһ֪ԼֻһλᣬڲҶԼƺԺûлˣΪҶҪȥˡ
һλᣬҪץסӵ˼Ҷ֪һѾ˴һƬΨûа취
һֱҶһ磬Ǵ̦֮֮ϣŵ
Ҷ˫ͻȻıס˺壬Ļ汻ȼˣ޷ȥ
ҲҶˣ⼸һֱæȥЩ飬ڷա
Ҷ߽֮УӾɽׯҶԼ棬ס졣
Ҳ̱Ҷ㻳ҶĴԼ档
һ屻Ҷץסһ̣ˣһˮҶ㻳һֻһ

Ҷֱ΢΢ϵ·ȫΪһƬƬ£Ҷǰ
ž壬ҶĽڴϣ·ҲΪȫʧҶҲ¶塣
֮ϣûһ׸⣬ʮֽʵɢԵ
Ҷ壬ߵֱӱ۾һԴëڰરવţ˫ۣҶ塣
Ĵٴԣ˺ܿһһ׳ջԽԽ֣ס˺Сʮܡ
Ҷ磬һ𣿡
֪Ů˵һκʹ࣬رǸܵҶ㳬һȵĴһŵɫЩס
һСһ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷջһ뺫˽ܴϴһ˿־塣
õģܿͻã
Ҷһ룬ϧҲһıϣҶʹñ룬Ȼ鷳
ûа취Ҷֹͣ룬˫ֲϵںߣһɣܿ죬ֿʼ
岻Ծɣֿ֮УҶ˫֣ں˫󣬺¶һ˿⡣

ںɵһ̣Ҷ㳹׽뺫壬ʱٴսϧҶѾȥˣİס
û־ҵʹ࣬Ҷ㼸ܴСĳ̶ȣʼʱСúӦŴ䶯
ʼʱ洫һʹǺܿһֵĸоϮȫߵýҶ㻳ȴ˷ܵЦݡ
սһʱ˯˹ȥҶһԣ§ŶԷ塣
ˣҶûзɹڷһء
ȵƻ裬Ŵ֮ѹҶȻԼߣ¶һƬ֮ɫϽ·ס
ҶϷŹһֱ꣬ɫҶſϰݣҲ۵ĿҪˡ
崩·廹ʹϲָоûʩչʹʧ
ΪʱԼѾҶˡ
·Ҷ˳ߵĶˣһɽս׽ɽׯ׳
Ȼֺģ˳ٳٲȥҶһ߽ҷ׷ҶһȾơ
Ҷ֮£ֻøҰѾԻϾڹؼʱ̣Ҷˣرţһַơ
ʦãʵǲǸ㶨Ҷˣ
һ⣬ӽקһԣŴȤĿǡ
㣬лĺ⣬һĴġ
ŸлûлҲҶߵһ
ǽö˻ôʲô
˿ûгԴףΪ֪ǲǺߣܸҶһ𣬾ʮˡ
һֱȵҹҲɢȥҶûɢȥƾڻӸĲ֮£صԼķ䡣
ӷ洫ȥصҶ㷿䣬Ҷ﷭վͷ̡
ҲоˣŮˣȻ˽ʲôζ
㣬ĻᣬȫңҲҪȫ㣬ϣ㲻ҪһҶ罫Ǽӻǻеλ𣿡
ƵҶĴϣһλᣬϣӰסˣʧȥλᣬ֪ʲôʱˡ
ʮֺߣγҶһ𣬿ҶǷգпʵЦݣӶˡ
Ҷȵ࣬ڴϣƵ֮Լĵ˳ȥӸҶ㴴ᡣ
ŵˣĸҶգôЩ꣬һθҶ˽롣
ҶߣҶɢζӾҶ㣬ֻҪˡ

ҶͻȻһֱѹ¡
һ뵽ҶͻȻᷭԭҶߣֻ뾲Ŀţ鷳ˣҶ˫ֽĽס
ǱܣҶŵŮ˵ζԺ֮УѹһĶ棬˫ֿʼʵ


1764 
ɫ΢ҶһΣμһŮ˺üΡ
촽Ҷоǻ㣬˫ۣһͷʹϮ
ȵ̫ˣ
ҶˣûôɹԼ壬߾Ȼһˡ

ҶһͷߣһɪɪĻӣҶȫˣǿһҰһԼҶֱë
㡭ô
ҶɶͷԣԼ֮󣬲ǻ˯𣬻ôԼĴϡ
ҿʮʹ࣬⵽˲бһ㣬ʮʹࡣ
һЩļҶԺðԼĴβǼٵģǵԼǳҰһ
Բ𣡡
ҶϽǸǴ֮廹ܿ߰ѪҶƣǿ˻ӡ
˺üΣ⵽˷һĶԴôܲ
һ϶ĹĵһֱȵҶѹ
ҶһǸûͻȻ޵滨꣬ʮί
ӿˣҶ㲻֪룬ֱȥһѽӱڻ˫ȥ
һҶʮСģһ仨һ΢΢ܽ۶ϡ
ʼʱʮַ뵽ҶǶħһԼϣӾͲ
ǰ죬Ҷʮᣬ˫һζֵĸоϯȫԾ
Ҷ磬Ҫ
ֹ廹ʹĲˣҲһӶˣҶӰ
ҶҲ뵽һ㣬ԽҪûӽϰȻһӶܸԼһˣҶھһӡ
˫Ǳȫӿʼ΢΢Ǵһ˫ͻȻıסҶ㡣
һɣƮƶϣǳԾŤ
Ҷ𱻵ȼﵽ˸߼Ҷս̫ǿջͻȻס˻ӵ塣
ҪҪ
ǸȻӼϣصޡ
ûϵһһ㣬Ӧˣ
Ҷ㰲ο˵Ŵһһ͸ȥԭܽţҶСû־ҵʹࡣ
Ҷȫһ̣桢ˬ
ҶҲ䶯棬󴺹ɢһʱҶڵ˴ϣҲһö
һ𣬻Ҷ㻳ԭ־𽥷ɣҶǾƺʧء
顭
ҶҪ˵ͱӶס͡
ԼԸģ
֪ҶҪ˵ʲôǰ˵˳ҶԼҶûйϵ
İɣҲṼǵģ
ҶָǣȻǻӸ
һֱͣ˴ӴҴ𴲣һ𣬻ɫߺ죬·֮Ƶ뿪ˡ
ҶЦһһʱ䣬ŮҶٻЩСɾͣɽׯкܶҪ
ƺ֪Ҷӻк֮ĹϵһԺӣӽһǰĵɽׯסȥ
˿ˣǹʮֿٲȻׯˡ
ׯˣ
߹һѾʩ񣬳ƺΪׯˡ
ƺ¶һ˿ۡ
Ժ׼ôƺң˲Ҫᣡ
ӴźȳȴǴЦ⣬˺ܿ⣬΢΢һЦܿ뿪ˡ
ΪׯֻһҶ㻹ûжСˣӲԽȻ룬ǻ֪Լʲô
ŰźõԺӣӸĵס˽
Цݣ⣬ߵһ
㣬ô
Ϸӣ˺ܿԺ
ȿȡ
ͻȻһɿˣ˿û֪˾Ȼվ
Ҷ硭
һΣղ˻飬϶ҶȥˣͨһƬ޲Ҹطȥ
Ҷ磬㻵ˣҲǰк
ӰҶһۣŭ
ǸҲ·ֻǹǣҴ㼸̣֮ǰˮһǰ
Ҷȷ·̸顣
ҶҪһ뿪¶Цݣ֤ҶѾˣôЩ꣬Ҷǵһһȥ
ʲôʱ
ûʱ俪ЦˣҪȥˮǴҶߣҪ׼һ¡
֮󣡡
Ҷ򵥺һ£ܿ뿪죬ɽ缫Ȳƽ
һϢ򴫻ĴѾɨƽϹ壬ԯ壬׹һ·֮ϣ⵽ǿҵķĴɨƽ
ϼ嶼ɨƽˣֱɢеȫǲɢȥһ𽻳
˴ͷ֮ŷ׷Ч£ԭһ²ܽ飬ʮʱܽ
Ҷ㽫гǰˣ֮ͳĴҲβˣҪԼȥ
ɽׯֻ̫տˣʱ䣬ϵɽׯ˺ü൱һš
Ҹ𾪵ǣҶôֶΣȻԶֱŲ˹ɽׯڲ
ֶͨΣҲֻҶɽռĿ̾ɽׯܡ
ԭﲻʺϽţΪѷʲôõĵضΡ
Щ֮ճǶܵˣ˼ɾһС
һжҶɵģ˼ʮγһ󷨣ȻҲ޷ƿˡ
һЩԴԴϵĹӦάִתҪԴ
һ飬Ҷ£ô£ÿϣͻаħ֡
Ҷԭȥаħʺӣһʱ䣬аħȲȶû¹⣬Ҳ֣ŵòϷС
׼һУҶһԾʧԭأ硣
֮ԪأҶɵĴ磬Ҷ㻹а˱վ棬ø֮¡
Ҷǰܿ»һЩС͹жһ䶯򾡣
ϵǱѾ˺üҲ㣬ÿһ㶼ͬ
һαȽɶӦ㣬Ƚĵ档
ڶǼӲʯ棬Ҷڴʯ棬ȻӲǸӲԽ˾֣ɵҲǱ
ɳӲȸǿһϡпǴԭϣǳļӲҶǱٶ
ЩҲ֮ϣɢһɫĹâЩǿδγɣû뵽ճ棬ҲСͿֻ̫ˣ༫ѽھ
ϰףǱˣ
Ҷûм㣬ǽĽף¸߶ȡ
ǧң
ĽҶ㣬ѾǱ˵ǳˣ磬ǧ׸֡
֣ҶӦÿҪص󷨷ΧʲôԲ֮ҹγɹɱ
ֱĺ͸֮УҶһץҶץȻһĳӣҶ䶯


1765 ޽
ǳ̬ʵǣһˮʣĸı̬
ʲôΪ˹Ź֣
Ҷüͷ΢壬ڼʶ㣬Ȼʶ
ϰףʲô
䶯ĳӣҶ㽫ϰ׽˳ʶ㣬ҲֶϾǸʣϡŹֵĶ
Ľ׻ΪһСˣվҶϣҶĶҲ˼
ڤȪ
ĽײȷȷڤȪڤ磬һֺʣˮ״һҺ壬塣
ҶҲ˼ܿҵڤȪһЩɢϢǴһЩż֮п
ڤȪͨ磬һͨ޷ɽ磬ɽҲ޷磬Ҷû뵽ԼѡеĵطȻĽ紦
ڤȪһ֮༫ѳܣǾƷҲܲסڤȪܿᱻɱ
ǺöȻȪˮڤȪһܴҵԽڤȪͻƵ
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȫ۽˻ȪˮɾһҵڤȪڻȪˮ
СǱԽ棬ѾˣһƬȫһƬİ硣
͸ʵĿ㣬ҶĵشǵģҲǲĵĲ֡
ͻȻ֮䣬ͻȻ¼ٵ׹䣬һƬ磬ûʯ赲Ҷ㡣
ٿظֹͣҶӸ֮߳ǰʱԭء
һ󺣳Ҷǰ˭뵽磬Ȼһ
ڤȪסɽȥĵ·
ڤȪ棬ҨһЩҶͻȻ˾壬˳ֱһߣܿұ۶סˡ
ǿĺǧһһصķ򣬹ֻŻӵС
ҶֱһɣҪͨƷմһ㣬ѱ
Ϊ˺򣬼Ҷǿ󣬲ܵڤȪǶ촽ϡ
ɽׯչڤȪһܺõý飬ᴿ֮ĴÿãʣͻҲ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷһ󺣣ȡ֮ԺҶĺ԰
ٴҨһЩҶ㿪ʼһصķ뵽Ҷ棬澹Ȼܶɽ粻ֵĶ
񫣬Ҷֱϣ޾ĺҶ档
һµӡҶ֣Ҷڲǧ֮һĴ
һʩչƷԲһƬ֪
ȻǰʮҲǰʮ֮ڣҶ㽫İǳĴ
кħת֮󣬱µķ䵽Ҷ档
ڷٵԽԽҶƺֻһ֮ңˡ
ֱӳ뵽ˮ磬ԴԴϵڤ֮Ҷ棬ľȻ񣬾ħʾǳ֮ӽ
֮£Ҷȫǰﵽ磬Ҷ˵Ҳһİ
ʱһȥҶ֮ԽԽѾ׼ˣҶȴˡ
ҲʮֽĴʼع飬ȫɽҲָƽɽׯɽ㡣
ҶٳûɽׯܶҪûţ˵յˡ
Ҫɽ㣬Ҫ£һЩѺţףɽׯ
磬ҶȻڳţһȴﵽҶħűͻƵǬ֮һֱûʲô
õڤȪϴҪϹҪǿ
ҶϹ棬Ҫ֮ţԼʵ֮ܽܡ
Ҷӽһķӽˣֻһ֮ң
ɽ˾һ֮ңסˡ
񷢳Уֿɲͷųͻˣﵽħʳ̶ȣҲ
һͻƣɽׯʼζΪַɽׯ֪ʲô顣
ֻζĸоܿʧһлָɡ
뿪Ҷ壬ں֮ϣڤȪҶ˫ۣһʱ䣬˼
ȡȹ̾磬˳ػɽׯַ
Ҷ䣬һɺ˫ֱ֮һ̧һˣȻûͻƵ磬Ҷ˴
ǣ
ǰĿռȫסˣһ磬ֹͣ
Ĵܶʱ䣬зȫֹͣǿʱ䣬⣬ֹܾ
ﵽָ߶ȣҪ۾ſԣҶĿǰ磬ܱסռ䣬ͷǳǿˡ
ܺãڤȪ԰ͻƵ硣
ʱĹϵҶչһ꣬ȡͻƵ硣
һͻƣҶ㽫ɽһǧꡣ
粻ôΪҶ㻹ʮ䣬ɽҶʱ䣬ոճ㣬Ҷ겻ʮꡣ
ΪҶ󲿷ʱ䣬֮жȹʵ֮Ȼꡣ
ܿص˵棬ڤȪȹ̾磬һЩϢҶ㣬⾳԰Ҷ㱾ղ
ׯڳˣղɽׯͻȻζǲ˺ܶԭ򣬶Ҳ
ɿҶ֣㱨
ûˣԺɱܻʧһ᲼һ󣬸
ΪڤȪ飬ɱ󲻹ƣҶѾжڤȪɽׯϵڵ¡
ɵ˵ͷûй׷ʣɱͻȻʧ϶ҶкܴĹϵ
⼸ʲôش飿
һЩСҶùˣԼĿ꣬׷۷壬Щûʱȥ
ûʲô飬ֻһֱۣΪξɽׯ
ҲɻУɽׯһֱûƣҶ壬ֲ²⡣
㲻ᣬʱ仹û
Ҷ˰֣ʱδȻ
ڶĴϢѾβʣµֱǼֱȸϻ
ڶĴ˳񣬵ȴҶһָʾ
ȳʮˣػɽׯҪ뿪ˣʣʮˣֱ콫ҵʵ
Ҷ˼һ£˰ţýɸϽȥʵ
ǣȥ֪ͨ
˳ȥҶԴʵ͸һɳϢҶ·ְշĸо
һͻƵܷɽ磬͸˷ɽһһַԶ㾹Ȼߵ統С
飬ҶŻӸһˣ̤ˮ·̡
ʱ䣬ҶȲˣˮԣҶͻƵʸ̤롣
ҶȻûǷ˳ĿǰʵɱһƷˮһ򵥡


1766 ɳ
뿪ɽׯҶ㲢δż·ô궼ˣҲ⼸죬˳ŻӸɽˮ
ҶҲҪľֻһ֮ңֻľˣȻ͵ˡ
ҶҪ磬˼伲࣬һ·ˮһ
ˮλǳңԶаµ·̣ȫ·Ҳ֮߰á
Ҷ񾳽磬ᴩһ಻ᳬ죬֪ˮôңԶ̺ĵط
һ·ϣ˻ЦĽӿΣŮģֱǽͯŮһ㡣
һЩʶҶ֮⣬Ҷ·ܶǣ֪ɽ󲿷ֻ֪Ҷ֣û˼Ҷ㡣
л񣬸ҶڵģҲ֮ļҶ㱾ˣϳ
ΪҶڤȪһЩ磬ʷ˱仯òҲøӿʡ
Ҷ磬ǰǳأϢһ°ɣ
§Ҷĸ첲һ·ʮǢ
ãȥϢһ£
Ҷ˹λӵСǣʮ͵˵
˺ܿ쳯ǳظȥУ·ĸо
Ҷ磬Ѿ򣬹ƻʱ䣬ܽˮΧ
óһݵͼǶλģɹˮԵʮ˽⡣
ˣ
ҶҲ§źһ£˺ܿ첽֮С
У˺ܿɿ·˵ΧۣİĻһɫʡ
Ҷ̤ɽĴܶطδȥ֮һҶ㻹ǵһ̤㡣
˲μӷ֮⣬׻Ҷ㶼δ̤㣬һΣҶ·ˣιһ顣
ǰľ¥ȥһЩ
磬ԲȶУҶѧ֮ղܣѾھɽׯʹá
¥ҶҵһλҪһ׸߼ʳ۸ʮְ󣬲ҶȱľԴ
ŽֵĹͣ˼ҴңҲģҲ˳üҲ˸߲ң˵һȫҶǰ
һ˿˿Ҷ˵壬ȴʵʵڡ
ҴҸ·ЩˣҶԼڷʱ򣬲Ҳ𣬴Ҵææƣڱ
ɽҲһʮæµһֱûʱϢ񷴹ˣ·һ澵ӰҶǰִ󳹴⾳š
Ϲ𣬾Ȼҵ·Ūˡ
һӵͻȻ嵽ҶԺ棬˸ղŵ˼⾳˲ʧ
ҶͻȻðһɱղŲ׽⾳Լͻ֮ʱȻ˻ĴˣҶôܲ
Բ𣬶Բǲģ
ֵȺ˲˳ͻһһֺղŴǳ»ĿһеӣϺһЩʲô
棬վŮղſֻ·Ÿײһ𣬵ǿ¶Цݣƺǹײġ
СѩҪ˵ԲԼײǵģƾʲôǸ
һϴһ˿ŭ֮ɫŭꡣ
ľ˵һ䣬˵Ǹ
Сѩаľ꣬˵һ䣬ɽ粻ͬطһжҪС¡
аľ˫ȭգȻ˿̷ǳķŭʵֻ̡
ľˣǸɣﲻǵĵ̣СΪ
߳һߣİľļǸǻ
״ˣҲΪײ
ľܲ⣬ȻҲΥԼģʦġ
̾Ϣһγ֪ǶײģԾҲ硣
һԲ𣬴ү·ֵ֪Ǯ𣬽첻һ˵Ǳ߳ǡ
ԽԽţ񲻶ϵɨСѩŮϡ
СѩŮӳҲǣеһƴʸϲϻӣҲࡣ
ûһǸ˽ΪǹӺ۸ɡ
ˣǹһ׷׸ͣһЦСѩ
ǻҪôѾǸˣɱ˲ͷأͱˣǲЩ̫ˡ
СѩҲŭˣһ˿ŭ⣬رǶԷɨزλСѩһ󷴸С
СѩҪǣߣ
ľҲע⵽ˣǣСѩҪ뿪
ߣŶûУҪˣһԺôɳǻˡ
һ֣Χ޴뿪
ǿ쿴ӹֿĳŮˡ
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬ӣϳȻɳĶӣǺаԵû˸Ҷô
ľǿˣԷСѩòŹײԼҲ硣
Ͼûһ˺ܶ࣬ԴҵһʱͷӦ
Ҫʲô
ľһȣս׼
ʲôܼ򵥣Ҫ߳ȥһϣǾͿԹˣ
ĸˣӿСѩʲôĺ̨û˹컯֮£˵Ļ
ֵܿ޶ԣ·ϰΪɳǣϴ˭ҵǿǾƷ滹ǿߡ
ɳǣǾ»вٵӣˣشƫƧûԸ̣ɳǲһֱȵķչȥ
ҪԼһϣСѩ¥סľʮֺ¡
޳ܵ˼㣡
ľǾȻҵԼţκ˶޷̡
ǼŸʲôҳ֣
һȣ󼸸Ӻܿˣͳľ˶֡
ľˣʵߵҲߣƷɣ˲һƷɳ̶ȣǻӵ˶֣Ǽ˶ɾ
ʮ࣬һָͷѹ
ľ¶֮ɫ·𿴵˰ľԼĵһ㡣
ݣ
ڰľΪԼɵʱƿˡ
ʱ侲ֹԭأӾվԭأϣһڶŻһĶᴩˡ
ֳͻȻһļž˭ʱͻȻˣһǸ֣öʳܻɾ֡
˭ҹ
ƺҲЩ£ɲ
ľЩţΪԼˣȴͻȻȣҲ²鿴ȴֲһ˿߳
Ҷ磬ʵڿȥˣҪȥͷһ£
лʵǿȥ׼ȥͷӡ
ˣһгϷҪ
Ҷ˰ֹ֣ǣ˿Ҷֱ΢΢֪ǼҶû˹
ģȻɱˣҿǻĲͷˣھ֪ͨҸףǣҿ㻹ôء
׳˵ӣΪԷˣ⳶ɤӺϣŰиղųֵ߳
˲𣿡
ܿ죬Ӿ¥߳һŮӵ͸һ䣬··轵


1767 ɱȥ
Ҷ㻺֣ȥ
߳ļˣľСѩһҪ˵һǶ
ȲҪ˵
ҶʶüȲҪ˵վһԼɡ
߳ӣڿҶĻӻкӹӶ˳ȫӻкò
˿ȽϣСѩܿ챻ȥȻСѩҲǾŮˣȱһʣɽʡ
Сѩɽ꣬ȻȻҲʡ
ȫҶˣǽĶŻӻкŲŲˡ
޳ܣ
һ䣬ջĿ⣬ĶסҶ㣬ӦܿŮӸҶһġ
ղɱҵļҽ
ջĿ⣬ĶҶ㣬ɳǣ˭Ҳӡ
˵
Ҷ˫ֱأȻЦе񣬼ҶϺϢ˵Ҷһ鷲ˣƶš
ܺã㾹Ȼǳǹˣ
ͻȻһͲһӣһɳǵźš
İɣǲµģ
ӻкߵСѩߣŰοСѩаľһͷˮŮȫʶ
Ҷ㳯ľ˵ͷϤϤı飬ðľ
ֹһˣСѩСѩһ߷ޣ˸
ڻӵ˿Ǽģ˿վͷҶ㲻ܣҲܡ
ŻͷҶûֹǴЦе·ڿһһ
˭ɳҵһʱϵ
ҶͻȻóһöͨѶϵʮõġ
ʮ飬֪ɳǶԶдһʱܸϵ
ܿϢɳǸһյʱܸϵ֣ҹϽĵ̡
֣ұĨƽ֮һЩ˲ɳǾһӡ
֣һһЩҵûдֱ꣬ڽӣͻȻյҶϢظ
֣ͣҶеĴֱӴ͵ɳǣⵢһӡ
ΪǴҶ֮ҶںҶһŭ϶ʬɽѪҶ
˵ǼյҶϢֱĻһʱͬĴһ
յʱ䣬һ˴ԶٵĸǳˣȻ켸ӣɳٲȻԼʵˣѹԼĶ˺аԵ
ˣ
ղŵشŻȥһĿ˳վڻǰ棬һɨҶϡ
壬ˣɱǳˣ踸״ˣѸ״˷
ˣ״˵Ҷף˵˺ܶ񶾵ĻҶҲ粵
İˣ·һ
ĴʵܲƷƫԶĴǣҲһˣ֣ҵҲֲɳ
ܶߵѡ˼ɳǣΪ˻ڷԣȻΪɢޣӸù
СӣԼ֣Ҷ֣
ĴȭͷһžȻǣʾһ
ȷҪҶ֣
Ҷ¶֮ɫԳЦЦԼǲȻ˲ʶԼȻԼΪλš
С֣ڴҿȥһῼһ
󽫳ִ֮پӣʵζɾӵҲȻҶС֡
ӻкɢɱ⣬Ҫ֣ȴҶסˡ
ɱǣǵ֣һԻᴦ顣
Ҷ˿磬ѲΪһ仰Լ
Ҷ˵Ȼӻкֻɱ⣬Ҷ϶źˡ
Ҷ޶ԣ˶ΪҶˣǻӸ˵޼ɵĻǵ˾ӹЦ
СӣٲԲãݹҲˡ
Ҷ޶ԣ󽫳Ҷ߹׼ԼԶ֡
ಡ
ڴʱӰͻȻˣȺֱվҶǰ
ׯˡˣ
ͻȻðֱܿҲ۵˹Ҷ
Ϸδʼ
Ҷһ֣˶վϷŸոտʼѡ
ƷһҶ¹ŵûһ£˭ôþƷ¹
ׯʲô´ɣ
ͷǻҶͻȻǹ϶Ҫ顣
ˣ֮⣬Ҷ뿴ˣ֪ôɣ
Ҷ嵭д˵·˵һƽ顣
ǣ
ҶԽ֤ԽŭǸҶҲмˣҶƢʮ˽⡣
ɱ˳ȥֱӳȺ֮УɾӻδӦͱ䡣
Ĵ󽫣Ҫ˵ͱһ˺壬֮ǰƺ뵽ʲôϧһжˡ
һ̫죬Ĳ˼飬Ͽֵ˶ûзӦѾмʮ˵ز𣬱ʬ塣
ƺî˾һ˿иƴ˭ɱĸ࣬һɱϷǰɱ˵һƴ˭ɱĸ࣬ɱĸ졣
ʱȥղȫʬ壬ֻлӻվԭأɵˡ
վڻŵͻȻһƨ˵ϡ
Ż
ֵԣֱŻôʬ壬ˣûһģȫһ
ׯɣ
ûʱ·ϵѪȳҶ㸴
ƽÿɱʮң࣬ٶҲࡣ
һԣ
Ҷ˻֣˵һԣʮְղɱ˵ˡ
˵˵ʲô
ҶȻЦе񣬳ʵ
㡭㲻Ҫ
ӺˣȻΪһοôˣŵѾˡ
ղſڿ˵ĸףȻˣ㸸׹ǵһ¡
Ҷһ޺ӣȻ鲨
ϣΨҶûг֣ûбֹΪȴ飬Ҷƿء
ʱҲŷӦҶԣĴ
İľСѩѪڣ·ֻص˹ȥɱķĳ
ȥȱһӣһ룬Ҿնһ첲
Ҷ㳯Ӻȵȥȱ
һƨ˵ϣû뵽һߵϡ
ԭΪ֣ʧɳǾһ֣ңԺ϶Ϊ򶦶Ĵ塣
˭֪֣Ҳʧһ£һǿУ᲻ɳǴѡ
Ϊ͸ʰˣڳˣã
Զ˿ʼкãɳģŪԼĶںаԵ˳޵Ŀ⡣
һӣҲʮңֵܿԶХڼٵĿ
˺Ҷ
˻δȵˣǼʮӰ߳˹


1768 Ūڹ֮
˻δǿϢˣƷϢ˲ѹɾ硣
һεˣļ˽ıԶƣ޷ߡ
һ䣬ʮͬʱ֣űʬ壬¶ɱ
ЩӶɳǺòģȻɱľ⣬һʣ
˭ɱɳǵˣ
һʮӴһŲһ̤ͳڸղվĵطøҶʮ֮ң
ʮ߼ɳǶ̶һ£չЩֶΡ
ףɱ˿ħɱǼоӣ
ˣӿϣվӣԼĸ׿ߣϣϽɱҶˣŮԼˡ
ž
һİˣӾȻԼĸһȷɳȥŴȷˣݺݵĵڵϣˤ߻ء
ףΪʲôҪң
Ӳ⣬ˣԼͷȻ˵⣬˶⣬վڽֵԵ˶⡣
ľ⣬Сѩ⣬ֻлӻк֪ô¡
֪Ҷׯݹ٣ȮӶеϣҶׯ˲С˹ŹȮӣһ
ɳ˵棬ȻҶʮֹ
Ҷׯ֣ϵɽˣҶʮһĴܿˡ
Ĵɽׯǵ·ϳǵݣſǣеɫֱܷ
Ҷׯˡ
ʮһ¹Ҷ֮˭ǣɽһĳڣҶĨƽˣҶԱ⡣
ǿ߶ɱѰ·ʲô
Լ׸¹򣬻곹ɵˣԼ׵һʲôȻ׶Ҫ£ŵû
Ǻ֮УҽǸǶʵģղ˵ɳֻ֪ˡ
ҶЦеʵ˿ûɳ˼һֱ
ҶׯϢŭȮҹ̲ܽϣһͷҶׯˡ
ûмҶ㣬ɳǰʱǰճǣĿҶһУԵһ۾ϳˡ
ҵҪôͷ
ҶȻЦݣҪôͷӡ
ľСѩ˿ӯҪһ
ɳͻȻ¶һ˿֮ɫһ䵶ߵ˻ǰ
ԼĸᵶԼŵòϵĺˡ
ססҪʲôҿǶ簡㲻ɱҡ
һߺˣһߴޣԭصЩһҴһ£ͷʹ棬ﻹиղݵӡ
Сӵ˭ôɳҪ¹򣿡
ϲһЩߣʵֻͣǲףþƷҶ㶼Ҫ¹
ҶƷǹƨҶ㶯ָͷһȺ
Բˣ˭ôĻ
ǲԼӵĴ˿ɳԼӵĴ˭ãǵҶ㣬ⲻѰ·
ԼӵƷκ˶϶ǿĳŮӣȥ룬Ҳܲ³Ҷò绨ŮӣԼӲǼٵġ
꣡
䣬ӵһ첲ǳ롣

ӷһɱĺУѪӿԼĸ첲ˣֱʹιȥˡ
ҶׯѾͷȮӣ˲С˹СС˼ͷŹǰɡ
ɳﻹκɴ棬óһöָҶҶ£֮á
Ҷ˵ͷֱܿӹ˽ָҶʼգû֡
֪ʲôˣ
Ҷɱδɢ֪Ҷ˿жôķŭֻ޷йˡ
λȻֶԸһɾȥҶ㷴ݡ
Ҷ仰ɳ￩һ£һβֹᵽô򵥡
Ҷ·ƽҲˣԴʹ˽ҹѾ˶һ첲ҶӦò׷̫
ǿҶɫԼǵ⼸ˣҶݷͬһ㣬ȻôҶ˴ŭ⡣
Ҷׯˣʹ컰ɣǻᣡ
ɳҲǻȥˣݺݵĵһۻӣ˧ˣԼӣҲҪȫԼ
ӴһɳǺòײ𲽣ܶʧ
⣬ӣ
Ҷ˵ĸ֣һ⣬һڻӵǰ
꣡
һ첲ֱӱšϣõǻš
Լܷһʹ࣬ɳֻҧ֣ЩѾɪɪ
۷׷ף˿Ӧܲ³ɽ磬ϵĳ˵Ҷ֮⣬Ҳûˡ
ףҰ
첲ʧȥˣԶ޷ָ
꣡
ҽһȣӵһҲˣȳϡãֻʣһ⡣
ҵʹֱ࣬ӽ˹ȥֱܿŪˡ
ΪһҲȶˣӻ֮Уֱʹѡ
ģ
ʧȥ֫һ˵ϣǶߵķһһǳȥˡ
Լ˴ʹ࣬ɳ˫ȭգж֪˿ôŭ
ҶׯҶѾ⵽˳ͷԽ𡣡
Ȼܷŭɳǻһһ˵˵һĻ
ȻҶҲǲ˵֮ˣȻɳͨҿԼˡ
ǡ
֣ɳ޵Ķˡ
ղ˵ڽ֣ҵʱɳ˽е֣ҺܶƲָν͡
ҶͻȻЦеʵղֱҶ㴫֣ҲƲʱ֮ǰһͻȻ֣ңѹ˲ٺö
֮ɳΪΪ޷죬Ǳ˲˳
ԭ޹شСɽׯڽܺܶҵʱһЩСҵ޷㵽ͻᱻ˼ˡ
Ҳ޿ɺǣɽׯҲںôϣںǼö֥
βһֱ֪ҶҪһڣͷɳǵĽڣȻͷ֮
ɳɫڣһжԼģҶ粻££ƫƫʱ£Ȼŭһֱûȥ
ҶׯˡҲǴѣ֣Ҹûеõʲôͼ񵽼ջ¥ѡ
ɳĨȥͷ亹ˡ
Ŷ¥ѣ
Ҷ⻬°ͣ⽫ϵϳɳʮܡ
ֱ㣬ջм¥ÿӯǶ١
ҶͻȻֱʵ
ֱܿվ˳óʵļ㹤ߣʼϸϸ㣬һ¥ÿӯǶ٣пջȵȣɳˡ
ֱǰõʱ㣬ÿ춼ס¥Ŀÿ
ׯҺϼһ£һ¥ջÿӯһɾֱӵɽׯһʧİɾʮǧһĸڵʧ
ֱһ֡


1769 ʦͽ
֣ɳһѪô˵ģֱҪˡ
Ҷׯʹ컰ɣɳҪʲô˵
ȥɳҪˣֱ˵ĸҶҪʲôֱ˵
ԼĶѾˣɳҲʧȥٲ
ô˵𡣡
ҶӣɳҲ̫ϵˡ
ɳｫҶ飬ƫƫ޿κΣֻҶЦ¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫ
Ҷׯʾ
ɳͲҶϽ꣬뿪ɳǡ
ղǹܼҲˣҲˣЩҵؼȻѾõˣǾɽׯҲҪ
ǲҪɽׯҲûӣһѵ⡣
Ҷ¶һΪ֮ɫʲôԼΪѵһǶҶ֪Ҷ㲻֪ʲôˡ
ɣÿֻҪϽʮɾЩ¥ͽˣɽׯȻȫջأҽԴϲ㿴ɺã
ҶȻѯʵǼ˽֡
ۣ
ɳһѪ˳̲סˡ
Щ¥ջһӯѣرõ£ҶֱҪһʮҪԼﵹ
ɳα˶ŭ֮ˣӲвκβԸ飬ɳԸ⣬취
ҶЦе񣬿ɳϢһöӣһΥɽׯ飬Ҷȡ
ҴӦ㣬лҶׯɱ֮
һɳ䣬ϽþգţҪҶһŭɳǶҪᡣ
ͶˣȻˣͬȥһ£
Ҷ˻ֱ֣ĴȥɳһЩһ£Ⱥ
ֱ뿪ˣֵָƽֻʣҶǼˡ
ʦ
ľаѩͻȻڵأˮĻӻкһ㶣⵽ô¡
ӣ
Է򸾣ͬľһɽ硣
ʦúÿ
ҶϽ˷ԾĨ۽ǵˮҶþƷնɱȻҲᡣ
һڻӺܺ֪ҶҲ֮ˣǷҪһӸҶߡ
ʦڼˣ
ľ֮ӺȻڵᣬɽ綼ˣû֪ôġ
ˣˣҾͺˣǽȥ˵
ҶİľļİľѾǵģˣڷҲǻ˿켸
ӻкˣ⵽ô£ҶôͻȻðͽˣʵô͡
˺ܿҶ¥֮УŸףԭ˶ǴӷģҶڷʱ򣬾Ϊͽ
ʦղ̫˧ˣþƷͷ
ľڵĳʳɽԵĵһΡ
ԵãϾħ磬ֻǱ䷲ѡ
ʱҶ㣬ҲݺᣬϵĲĨȥᣬҶҲûдϣԼγǡ
Լ˵Źȥʱ䣬Ƕ˵ȥİٶˡ
İٶҹҹǶôļ尾һӶ룬ǲǼʦˡ
ľҸĸ𣿡
ҶͻȻľʵ
Ҷ̫ʦ̫ʦĸʱ򣬰ľͻȻһƺЩ֮
ľʵ˵
ľ鲻ȻҶʶЩأȻľ˱顣
̫ʦڼǰҲ˳ͻƵɣ̫ʦĸٳٲͻƣڼٵļ٣Ƿ֮ǰ̫ʦһֱѰҸٵҩ̫ʦĸ꣬ϣֵܼʦȥǡ
ԭҶĸѾͻƵɾΪػԼӣϷҪߵ
ԼĸҶɢһǿϢ㽫¥Ʒɳȥ
Ҷ磬ȲҪŭȽӻ˼λ㣬һȥһɽеӳĵҩ
ӴŰοҶ㲻Ҫŭ黹ת
˵ĶԣҶ磬ҪǸϽȥˮλӻڸϻط磬ֲź
ҲҶʲôźϣҶ侲
֪ô
Ҷܿ侲˿̲˶ŭ·ʱҪǰˡ
ô
Ҷ㻹д磬磬ԼһȺֵܣ֪ˡ
ܺã˶ͻƵɾٳٲԸڵϢ
ľһһܶϤ֣Ҷ·ʱǧһ
Լ˵ʱ䣬ڷ磬Ȼȹİٶꡣ
ѹɽ翴Ϸ磬Ϊɽ緢չ꣬־һֻأٴηܣܼţǳ֮١
̸˺ܶܶ࣬ӸԷһƬİǴǵѾ˽һţҶڷ磬Ȼֲɽĵλ˶ҶǹĿ࿴
ӣɽվȽŸ𣿡
ԻǱȽϹҶĵλΪҪħʳٲҶİ
ָķ棿
Ҷ㵱ȻǣԼɽ磬۷ȻԼҲҪͿ
ɽ磬ǿǶἰɽľɽׯ˭ʶҶ㡣
ŴȤĿҶĵλɽ˿ԳԽˡ
ʦǾɽׯׯ
ľͻȻվʱ䣬ȷʵ˲ٹھɽׯ飬Ϊǵλ̫ˣӴҲǴһЩɢһЩɢϢ
Ҳ֪ɽׯ
Ҷʮֺ棬ʵ
ǿʼʱҲɣɽׯˣǲʲôֻûи룬̶̼飬ʦչ˸ߵĸ߶ȡ
ľǲţʦչٶ̫ˡ
Խ̸ԽЦﴫȥֱܿĴع飬ջķᡣ
ֱ˻ˣҶ̸ֹͣ
𣿡
Ҷʾֱ£ϾҶֱԼĺֵܣֽȱҲѼϼܣֱôණ
һӣ̶̼ʱ䣬ֱ˾仯ɽٲҵֱڴҫɽֱǶһݣ֪Ҷγ̶ȡ
лׯ
ֱʮֿʲôλӦʲô飬ֱưΪҶԼֵܣΪǣΪһּԼĸá
ɳѾǴˣÿɳҪһǧɾܱ֤ǰȵķչȥȻԸ
ֱڣȻҪɳÿϽһǧɾɳһ˳ɶҪɽׯˡ
᲻ɳǱ䱾
˵ǻӣɽׯ̫̣ɳǿ϶ѹ֬࣬ùĻЩͨˡ
ʱؿ϶ὫԹҶϣϾһ飬Ҷɵġ
㾡ɷģһж׵Ѿɳ꺣֮в˽ƣһΥط飬⵽ĴֻҪ͹ԹԵʵʵˡ
ֱҶʮַģҶûʣֻЦЦ
ӴԺɳֻǾɽׯһѡ


1770 
Ҷܿ콫ľ˽һ飬ֱ겻ѡ
û뵽ôɺϣľˣȻҲǴӷȻҶͽܣɺϣһˣ֪²
ֱǼҽˣʱȣûйǻصɽׯʹˡ
˵ҶӦԽǴɽׯԼĸʱ޶࣬Ҷûʱ䵢ˡ
һһأֵõʱ䣬Ҷ㵢ˣǺüȥˡ
İɣҾˣׯϽȥ飡
ֱİľļ򣬼ѾˣһƬҶͽܣʲôпܼ̳оɽׯ
ã²˳٣ǼֱȻȥ鴦ˣȻصɽׯ
ҶûʱˣǼʾ⣬ֱĴڣڵɽ磬û˸ǡ
ʦİɣȸǰȥ
ľʮ֪ʦµˣܵʦʱ䡣
һ˺ֿܿľԸֱ뿪ˣȴ֣ҵ֮ؾɽׯ
ɳֻһҶųص˼̤̣ˮ
ԭʱ䣬Ҷʱ͸ϵˣǳ֮죬ûʱϢ
Ҷ磬ˮͽڣλ˵һΣֻˮʵķܽȥ
ָָǰĹµˮ̣ǰʲôҲûУĺ紵
λҲǷѾǧ࣬ˮˣ˳룬ҶȲˡ
һȻ󷨣赲ǵߣ˺󣡡
Ҷ㵱񾳽磬Ȼһ۾ܿһִڵãˮȫڵסˣԴ翴ȥһµ
ʵµڣֻһ۷ѡ
˺ܿˣ˵ԶԶأҶһ֣Ǿ춯ء
Ҷ㣬ݼˮϣܴɽţȥ
Ҷδֱӳ֣ˮ֪Ҷˡ
·ħ͸˿ռ䣬֮Уû޾֮С
ʱˮȻһͣͻȻһ˵˽Ǵÿһ䡣
ڱĿˣͻȻĿǿգ꣬Ҷˡ
ûг֣ھĵȴˮӣҪˮĹأǹǣʥʱ򣬾͸Ҷһ뿪ˡ
ΪǲСˣˮǣԾ뿪ҲҪõͬ⡣
ܾĵģûһ˻ظȻ˶ˣȴûһ뿪ˮ
Ȼǲ֮ţֻԼˣе£
ԼĪһյʱ䣬ˮ޶ǸԼӵˣҶֻʩչ֮ƿˡ
һö޴ӡˣǴݱһֻϲ֮֡
˺֣֮һ㱡Ĺ¶֣Ҷʩչַ˭֣ᷢһš
˺֮ԽԽǿֱ͸һԴˣˮں룬ռһǳĵ졣
Ҷׯ٣αҪֶΣ
һˣĳ֣ԼʧˮˣȻղûҶ㣬Ҷ޷ȻͲ
˭֪Ҷֻһӡ˺ˮγɵĴ
ѣֶΣ빬ˡ
ҶҪ˵ģҪˮһЩӡ
þׯȻ˵ҪǴɽ磬Ҷׯ𣿡
ˮһװ磬һȺ֣ˮ֮ࡣ
һЩ洫Ҳ׷׳֣ȻҲС
ҶΰӰϲڵȵһ졣
̧̫ˣֻһͨǰԼŮ˻ȥ޹ء
Ҷ㵱ȻԾɽׯǰ鷴鷳ⲻԴС
Ȼˮٹ̣ǸľɽׯȣȻԿ⣬ҶȫԸˮһͿԽ֮ĨƽֻҪһɣԼԶԸˮˡ
Ǹˮ϶ˣˣԶֵݳ֡
ѵҶׯ֪ˮˮˣӴԺ󣬲׼κ
ˮҲʮֿĻشƺԸҶΪС
ϾҶݷͬһ㣬ɽ缸ţɽ綼Ҫζ¡
¶һ⣬ˮȻҲһҿ˵ˮҲеӣɽӽΪޣιδ׷ϣܳȫǡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˺ܶˮ飬ڼǰˮҲһӣɽһӷ˹ϵ
ˮȻӦǣҶ˵¶һ⡣
˵Ĳ¶һ⣬֪Ҫȥе
ˮûǰȷ£Ҳˡ
ʲô
ҶתϱҲΪȱľΪԼ֮ˣǵɽ𺣣ҶҲü
Ҷ㵶ɽҲûоѾһˡ
ҪҶ磬ǧܴӦ
˳˳ȥҪֹҶ㣬ǧҪӦΪ֪һҶɡ
Ǽȥ
ˮһ˦ۣ߳ʮϣСֱӴȥˣǲ顣
Ҷüͷһ壬иڵԼȻҲֹܳ
ҶȻһ֮ɫղ˵ǵɽ𺣣ҶҲü
빬ʾ
Ҷ㳯Ǽʾ⣬õԼȻˣ϶ܰȫĽǴߡ
Ҷׯˬ죬ҪˮҲǲԣҪأֻҪܶȹȥȻˣˮΪѡ
ˮ˵صӣɹء
빬ָ㣡
ҶûκԥʾԼԴˣֻҪһ仰ɡ
Ȳżһյʱ俼ǣ˳˵һ£صк֮
ˮżҶȿһյʱ˵
˵ϴ
ҶֻĿ˱ȥ֮ǰ־Ҷʮܡ
أһ룬ҪسɹҪնɫ̰Ȩ
˼
飬ɫ̰Ȩһռֵ֮壬иĸ֮ף൱նɸһ¼ҹһӴ˱úԿԡ
Ҷϱ仯Ī⣬Լնն˿ǻʲô塣
ѹָղˣҶ㲻ҪӦһسɹҶһˣ޸ԣϣҶһѪˣҲϣΪԼĮ顣
ҴӦأ
Ҷʮʱ䣬ͻȻޱȼᶨûκζ赲ԼĽŲ
ܺãҺľ񣡡
ҶޱȼᶨˮǱȽܱͣЩֻûõĶࡣ
벻֪괳سɹôˣ
ˮ˵֮Уƺ͸һꡣ
˵
Ҷȷ棬ֻ֪˳ɹˮ뿪ˣں飬֪
Ҳž֮һǧ꣬ɹﵽ磬ˮҪˣȻأǺ飬˭Ҳ벻
˵£ˮһƬĬȻ²׵⾳


1771 ߲
ˮ·һӻص˼ǰʱδλѾǴܶ飬Ȼʮ
ôˣ
Ҷʮֺ棬Ҫַ֪ʲô顣
һҹ֮䣬һ壬һΪƽأһˣӵӣһɣ
ˮ²׵ı顣
˼նһɱħͷײϣԼ˶ɱˣ
ҶɵҲˣնɱһû壬ʲôǱģ
Ȼˮӣǻص֮ħԴ󷢣ϯ壬ϧȵϵʱˮѾԼ
ˮ׻׻գϣҶܷҲС룬һҶɹˣҲС˵ĩգҶ
ҶΪˣҶ㵱ȻԼ˲£Ҫ̫޹ˣͷǳĿˡ
ҶׯҲһܣûбҪΪ˼ŮˣԼĴǰ̡
ˮϣҶúÿǣܷãСȻһΪˮ˵ϣС뿪ˮ
ӻкû˵һҶ֮ˣǷ̫˽ҲȰҶ㡣
һҶʧȥԺô죬Ȼǲ˸Ҷһ׼ⲻҪĽ
Ȱˣɣ
Ҷûκζҡ֮ģȻˣҪһ뿪;ϡ
ãȻ˼ᶨҲȰ㣬ɣ
ˮ̾Ϣһ֪ΪҶϧǱҶ򶯡
ǲܽȥ
ӸҪҶһȴסˣֻˮΧܽ
ǰңò˶ãǻһ뿪
Ҷʾ⻨ӸõģˮһȥϢԼȥء
Ҷˮܿʧˮڲˮڲȫֳǳ֮󣬸ǧ
ɽںγɣһκ˶޷̤ˮ
ǰڣʱΪһ죬ҪܼȻԸߣҪںڣҲԼˮڴ϶ȸҪõöࡣ
ˮȰοһΣϣҶҲӦҶ㣬ֻҪˮᾡܵǡ
ض˵Ѿ
Ҷûκԥֱӽǰһ֮У·ͨ
Ҷʧˮ̾ϢһһΣصˮ
ˮ˿̿겻һĻ˺嫵ǿգǰĽʧˡ
˴˿Ҳڳǿ֮һСӰҶ㣬˿֮С
ǵˣʧˣǾİɣĵˮ
С˸ҶĹϵʮֻһֱûйʰˡ
ʵҲû뵽Ҷڶ̶ʱ䣬վɽ۷塣
Ĭ֪Ҷһɹģ뿪ˮ
ȻˮǳԽ˼ԴҪ룬ǲ̤ͬɽһ쿪ʼҪҶһ˭Ҳ޷ֿ
嫵ǿǰҶСĿҶǰһ߲Ż
ÿ̤һŻҶҪնһŻȫ̤ն
վ߲ŻǰҶʶɢȥ߲Żкر𣬾Ȼն˵
ʶ͸ȥ˲䱻ɵյһɶ߲֮Żˮ죬ص֮ʱʹ
߲ţҲҪţȻص֮ʱγɫϣ
Ҷ̤ɽ۷֪֮ʶܶණȻ֪
߲Ż߲ˣ˽ߴҲ
֮ӵҲǴ߲ϵȻûʲô
൱߲ĸ̥࣬Ҳ˴ء
ˮȻҲ֪̥һĶ̥̣һңҲǵ֮ء
ҲһɭľȵȣǵĶֻûнӴˡ
棬ȻҲǵĶһʱҪǳű³γ˺ܶ಻Сʯ
ǳűγɵĹΣ̥̣ûЩǳΣ޷γǳű˵ݱ
һ棬Ҫǿֲֻ߲֮һֻǡȵȣǾ
˽һ£ܴܲȥһ£߲ܻΪһ̸
Ȼ֪Ǯôģǲһ֪׬Ǯʵ
ƣҶĴһ߲ϣһεʱҶоԼ֮ĳֶˣ֮һ
ʧȥ飬ҶޱĮӴԺŮˣԣκεĽ
е˼
Ҷ°߲ͣϾȻ˹죬ģȻҲߡ
Сӳ֣
ҶͻȻʩչСӳԪ֮ϣֹ߲Լϣܳɹ
Сһ֣߲ϾȻһ˿仯˵ɫˮǴ
ٴƣһΣʧˣȡ֮ȻǷ߲ϷҶҶҲǴһ
ô£
ҶҲˣ߲ϼȿҲܷ࣬Ϊӵ˸ӵУ߲ݱ
ûʱȥ˼Ҷ󲽵Ŀ߲֮У˲䱻һ߲ϼ°סˣҶǰָӵҶ档
бˣϲãʹְ࣬
ļࡢϲϵȵȣҶԺ֣Ҷ·ִһ˿Ϣ
ҶٴδˣϴΪɳǱ˴ϣû뵽һν߲ϣҶ㾭˼ӱϲõȵȡ
ŭˡϡ롭
·һӣκҶǰһطţҶĲ
ʵһַ豹棬жһӤһлߵľ硣
Ҷ¶Ϣһ̣ˮ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҶҪɽͻƵǳ֮ѣҪԼϵȥҪ꣬ǧ꣬С
˭֪һ߲ϽҶǧܽ⣬˼伲ࡣ
Ҷԡڹâ֮Уϵߣܿðһʹı飬߲ϣʹ֮࣬ʹΪ֮Уʹ档
һ߹ȥҶϵϢԽԽǿǳĽӽˣƿ߲ϣҶͻ֮ʱ
ˮҲһƬӣ߲κ˲ôˮо˶꣬޷Խǽ죬Ҷ㲻Խ߲ܽͻƵֱ˼顣
ԭˮûģҶʧȥ˾صĴˮˡ
͵ʴףӣ˭֪Ҷһ̥Сܸıˡ


1772 ͻ
С̫һ˴ֹһ˵ˣܸһˡ
ֶΣǿ죬߲Ҳ֮һ˶ѣ֮⻹ʲô˵֪
߲ϼ⽫ҶȫҶӰˣֻܿһ߲ʹâƶһ߳ȥ
̣
ռͻȻһ󲨶嫵涼ʼҡˮʼҵĻζ
ǡ
һЩʼܲסֿɲĳˮһƬҡ
ˮʼ࣬ϵĳˮˮûʱҶˣȫʩչַֹˮࡣ
ĽһЩӷ׷׳أ뵽άˮӳֽƣֵˮĳ
ǼСˮûֱӳ뺣֮£ӴԺʧ
һҶ㶼֪ΪղɢϢֱӽظ֣ݱ䳱ϫˮ࣬ˮһѡ
ҲѭˮΪ߲ܽϷϵҶ㣬˭֪Ҷ߲ͻƵ˴ĺХ
еߵ㣡
һЩƱȽϰĵطױûˣ浽Ǻˮֻߴߡ
һˮױûֻܾڰǨˡ
ˮｨ꣬ҪǰǨȥҸ뿪ˮеĸûˡ
֮ϣۼܶˣ캣ˮÿһ˶мʮ׸߶ȣϵĳҲز˶á
Ҷ㣬ƻ߲ϣŵ˴ϫ֮
һִŭζƵҶϣҪҶ㣬ˮô˴ѡ
СӳһҪɱǰϹ֮϶նɱ
һʱ˵ˮҲˮ֮϶նɱҶ㡣
˵һ䣡
ˮǣһж⣬ڤڤ֮ɰš
ϫһյʱ䣬ʼȥһЩط¶˳ѾסˣˮȻߣȫˮ˺üףһЩ̰ȫ塣
ǿɶˮĻҵȻΪƻ˴롣
һֿĿĵ棬¶һʹ֮ɫ
һЩӿʼĬĬɨսܶཨˣʯשͷɢĵǡ
ԭԲǧˮںˮˣˮĵСһ룬Ժ޷ΪˣΪɲôˡ
߲֮УҶͻȻһĿĹâ͸ֱӹᴩ񷣬Ҷ㿴硣
ǧöҶըʱһֱţͻʱʹá
ǼƷɾҲ޷άҶգΨ񾧣ҶƷ
ǧö񾧸άҶͻƵһƷҶö񾧣;ʹһЩһЩھɽׯ
ʣ½ӽһöܿһ룬Ҷɵˡ
һ׳Ҷֳ˷ʧˣҶ˼ı仯·˱øͦΡ
߲Ϸһֵ⣬Ҷϸϸ֮һ
߲ϣҶĴϵԺʩչֱնɱֵһӡ
ħʼɣ޾ķսͻƵҶ屻ٱƷҲ޷˶
һʱҶſϰݣޱȳӯ·һȭܴɽ硣
ˬ𣡡
ҶһȭͷһöֱӱҶˣɲĳ̶ȣҶ㶼զࡣ
ǿŴָҶһʹö񾧣ǧƷɾɽѹô࣬õĲˡ
Ųһ̤Ҷֱسɴ磬ԵشҪУҶѾƿؿռ䣬һ磬
ܿԽ޾棬뵽ʵ磬ǵУҶˮϿա
Ҷһ֣һɼȿɲϢˣҶûԼϢˮԼɹˣ˳ͻƵ硣
꺣֮УŻ֣Ѿ¶Ҷ㲢δżΪʱ
ŨϢȾÿһˣҶ֣ϲҶˡ
Ŀĵ棬вϳˮĺˮҶһͷˮԼһᣬˮ⵽ϴһ
Ҷ磬û°ɣ
ӻк˹ȥҶʧȥԺǣ϶ʶˡ
˭
Ҷ䣬ɢһϢŵûӻкͻȻס˽ŲҶһ겻ıɽһȫûκεС
Ҷ磬㲻ʶˣ
ӻкͻȻ˳Խ飬ҶȻ߲ϣҲնԼ
˶˹޷ʵҶɹˣҲʧȥ
Ľ˭Ҳ޷ܣ˵ǣˮ¶һƬȻ
ǻǰĵĻȥɣܸߣȻ
ˮ˹ȰοСˣĵˮȻһЩʮָܻ
ҪҶһһǣҲҪһͬͬѨ
ģҶʲôӣҶ㡣
һ޵滨֮꣬ᣬϾСʱ䣬ˮҲ˲ġ
ҶȺ֪ҷ򸴺󣡡
ҶͻȻ쳤̾һԭֻǴǿЦû뵽ǾȻģҶЦ֮ģ֣
Ҷ磬û£
˿Ҷ̾Ϣ׷̧ͷһ˼֮ɫ
Ȼû£
ҶЦˣЦĺܹ죬û߲ܵϵӰ죬˳ͻƵ磬˵Ҷ㻹øлˮ
Ҷ磬㻵ˣ
ֱӳ嵽Ҷǰݺݵһ飬ˮӵ棬һȺ˴ΣŮҲʼĶˡ
ЩŮӴĴ󶯣ˮɫĿ¡
ΪһҶ㣬ˮĻҵ˵ˮôŮӣȶԺҲ޷ֹˡ
Ҷ磬ղˣ
ӺݺݵİҶһۣղŻɱĶˣҶ㾹Ȼ˼Ц
ҴˣѰģ
Ҷϴ̬ȺܼôˣҶδ˵ķɹ
Ůߴߴ˵һյʱ䣬ŷŹҶ㣬˿ûһԵˮ
ҿɷ뿪ˣ
ҶΪ˲СΪѣðս߲ϣ꣬ȷʵˡ
˳飬ټˣΪ飬ԷԼҶĵλҪʲôŮûУȻա
ˮҧҧֻܿЦһҶҲԼӦΣҶһ֮ɵĨƽ
ܸͬоҶͬһ嫵Ĵ󺣣֮䣬ȫܱ⡣
߰ɣ
ˮ˰֣ȥѾûбҪˡ
л
˳£˼ͷл⼸֮ûˮҲûǽ죬Ҳɽˡ
˭ҲΪҶ׸ȻҶô̶ܶ꣬нյĵλ
СһȻ֮ɫû˱ˮĸΪˣˮĶߣѹ
Բ𣡡
СʮֲᣬˮҶ֮䣬ѡҶ㡣


1773 ͨ
Сᣬˮ¶һ˿簮֮ɫ
СԴˮҲ̾Ϣһ
ûʲôԲңÿ˶ȨѡԼĵ·ҲһҪԺʱ䣬Ϳˡ
ˮĳ˵ûйСᣬÿ˶Ȩѡ档
ҲǴ֮ɫ˵ǶˮΪһ壬Ҫ뿪ġ
Ҷһֱû˵ˮҶûж飬ǶСˣǶɽ
Ҫô˸УֻҪǻɽ磬ʱԻҡ
ʱ䣬ˮҲǵǱǳȻҲϲ
ǣҶҲдԼ˵Ƿˮһ飬տǼ˺üʱ䣬󲿷Դϡ
ҶûʲôԸмģұˮǵ֮
Ҷ˫ͻȻʼӡں֮ϣֵˣˮڲϵȥ
ΪҶֶ֮øԪأˮҶٻ׷ߡ
˫ٴ趯֮Ԫس֣ʼˮĽľ֮Ԫس֣Щûľٵĳɳ
ҩֲﶼһЩղűˮѹˮӣҶ֮ת֮£ȻҲ
һ̫ˣˮ¶˼֮ɫҶﵽѾԸ컻ˣܿԼĿռ䣬һС硣
ɽڷ仯ҪǰͦΣʼ仯Ȼͨ˺ԺԴԴϵԪˮ
һЩøӼ̣õ޸֮βƣҶ޲һ
һʱʱ䣬ղưܵľʧˣĵҲһһ㡣
Ůӷ˷ܵļУֶΣ߸ǵ֪Լһ硣
ԭСﻹܣΪҶĵˮƻܹⲻȥҶһµˮܶˡ
Ҷׯл߰ɣ
ˮǸϽ뿪ȻЩŮӿƲסˣȫĴ󶯣ԺŪöǵӡ
л
Ҷһɨ˶˱֮УҶʧԭء
㹬ʱı̬ȣʵҲһ־ĸҪٽһҪıˮĹأҪĸˣȻԶͣͲǰ
ҶͻȻˮ㹬ˮ֣û˺ˡ
ˮһҶǵͷһһ
ЦһԼٳٲܽԼ˼άкܴ⣬ĸŮĸ겻飬ˮǵҪжϵȻ
ˮԺ󲻻˽¸ӽһ㣬׼ˮ
ˮͻȻ쳹ˮܴÿһ˵Ķ档
ſˮأŮӼˮ֪˷ܵĻǸжġ
ʱ򻨷˴ʱ䣬ȥʱҶֻһʱ䣬ͻƵɽ編סҶˣһ󣬾Ǽ
صϤɽׯҶĻع飬ɽׯȫڣĴѾع飬ĲҵѾϹֱҲ˴
ҵ֮䶼ϵҪĸ·ô̵ʱ֮ڸϵ
Ҷ㽨˴ɽׯС˳˸ˣҶ㿪ġ
׼Ժӣһһÿһĵ̣صĵطֻҶ̤
ڰľˣѰźˣʱڱչأҶҲûдǡ
ûʱ䴦ɽׯ飬ɽׯѾϹҪҶȥˡ
ҶҪǴͨɷ磬ʱˮϽ뷲磬ĸзˣֵܵȵȡ
˿̽ɲ֪Ҷͼص磬ԭҪһôӴɽׯɼ˻ֹ
죬˭ҲûдҶ㣬ɽׯ֮ҶѾʱˮ飬һȱڣʱԽ뷲硣
δãҪ죬һ߽һ߽£ڤȪҶȹ̾硣
ͻƵҶɵٶȸ죬ڤȪķ򣬲ϵӿ뵽Ҷ֮Уǳ֮죬ʱ䣬ҶһƷ۷塣
֮ڽɹˮϢҲɽ磬ҶͻƵɻֱڹ
Ϣɢɽ磬ԭ˴㶫ɽͼıҶն¡
֪ҶͻƵͬһˮ͸ʧȥ˻ᡣ
Ϲԯ֪Ϣ׷׶ɽ֮УҲҳˣⱻҶ㷢֡
ŵ˷׷ǰϲҶΪһ˽Ԫǰ档
ˣ껹̶꣬꣬Ҷ˱һӶ޷ɵ顣
ׯҪʼҶˣϾҶɹ뵽
ҶʦܡԣӦǰ
ˮϰߵĳƺҶΪʦܣڲͬﵽҲǰƺ֮ࡣ
ʦ֣ǾͲҪڿˣʦܽűȽУ
ҶЦһҶ֮Բ𲻱Ҫ鷳û뵽Ϣûڸסˮ˳
ɽׯÿ춼ŵƽʣÿ춼ɽţϺףҶͻƵ
ճʱǣϣܼɽׯȴһֱ⣬Ҷٳٲֻ˵ʱ仹δʱ䵽ˣȻ㿪ɽţյӡ
ׯҪĶ׼ˣ
ҹֱһöָʱ䣬Ҷֱֻһ飬ѹθҩٵĵҩ
ֱʱ䣬ѹҩٵĵҩ°ö
ˣ
Ҷӹָʮָм˵һ䣬غԼĸ׵ݲҶ㲻м
ׯô˵ͼˣû㣬ھһ̯࣬ҲɳĳС档
ֱЦһʶҶ㿪ʼֱ·ͷ˸ı䡣
ˣȥɣ
Ҷûж˵ʲôֱȥϢ⼸켸ȫæµ飬ֱ˶һȦ
ȸˣׯҲЩϢ
ֱ˳ȥҶһڷ棬˼֮飬ܿ촫鷿ÿһ䡣
Ҫص磡
Ҷ㳯Ľ˵һ䣬ȻͻƵҶȴûз磬Ȼص磬֮󣬵ɽȶڷ磬ϣʶ۷壬һ񻰡
ã㸸ĸɾͣ϶ˣ
Ľ׺γҶ㿪ģ꣬ĽڿԽˣֻʱ⡣
һҹʱܿȥҶصϢûм֪ҶҪչһʱ䣬ȹ̾硣
ѵͲǵĸĸҲ棬ȲҪһԲ
ԭûӸȥǷǵҪȥʶһҶ㵱ĵط˽ҶĹȥҲӸ顣
ս֮УҶܿһŹ֮Уʧɷͨ
ҶڵȻҲ˺գǿн뷲磬𷲽粻ȣпܱ


1774 Ӿ
֮УҶ˼ǧԼ˵Źȥ꣬ǸĸʱѾȹˣˮ
˿̵ķ磬˿ķչѾһѭȻǿţϾкö
˺ٸ֮£⼸꣬ҲһЩž޳֣ţٽҰ
ֻоһأû˸ǣҶ֮ǰõ޷죬ʮɣ˭ҵ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ߻ʣ粻˶ˣȴУһܿʧʡ
һ̺֮أͻȻһӰ֣ɽ֮ϣܿռͻȻһζҪ
ȥϵϢܿռȶҶ㽫ԼϢȫסֻ侳ҡ
ŮһһųϤĻϲ׷ӵڿԼԼļˡ
ʱ䲻ˣǻȥ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㲻ڵˣĸʲôΣգ˿ٸ·Ӱܿ뺣
򣬽ӽı仯ܿģϤĳԽˡ
ߣǻؼң
ʮ˻ΪһֱߣҶ㳯˷ȥһӰʧֻĸо
ʱ꣬жܼסҶ㣬ûмˣҶѾΪһ
һʱ֮Ҷ㿴Ϥɽţ꣬ɽֻǱòɣ˲٣ȻĴ֣Եҫ
Ҷûд󲽽ȥǴ켸˳ɽһ̤룬оˣһɪ֮ͬһ
ôô
һɻ֮ɫ˵չٶ꣬ӦʮڶԣΪοӣʮ
ҶҲоԾʶһɨˣ٣ȴȫۼ棬һű֮ɫ
ಣ
ҶͻȻʧԭأֱӽѾǿɽţϧҶӰӶûпѾʧ
ŮҲʶ˲ԣûʱɽĵӽ̸һʧԭء
ǿˣɽļ˾ӣʱ䣬ˡ
˿̴֮Уۼϲ㣬һһ֮ɫʲô鷢ȻһЩɶˣĬĬĲᡣ
񣬳ˣû˸ðˣ쾹Ȼǿ˽ء
ȵҳ֮󣬷һȺŮӴˣһ¶֮ɫ
ɽ紸ŮòһЩ仯ǰʣɢϢ˲ұӣÿǱһθǣ弸Ůò
𣿡
¼ˣǰһƺԼŮ
ף
ȥǵĸ׶ͻƵ֮ѡˣȴҶĽ١
ĸףܰĸ׻иȵȣһһ߳ΪǿԼŮˡ
ǣҶȥˣ
߳Ҳһϣ˳˷ڣ֮Уһˡ
ҶѾһ֮ˣ
Ů֮ûʱɣϽҶĻع飬Ͽյɪ֮һɨա
֪Ҷˣ𶯣ʱˣҶڻع飬˵ĵȴֵõġ
򣬺ܿ춼յϢ׷׸رǹף֪Ҷӱչֱ֮ӳأ
Ĺףȥ˷λãĵҲڵһ졣
һչȫ֣ɽ֮ϣ۵ԽԽ࣬ȴû˸Խһڵȴ
һ֮Уһӽסһٸ˫֣üͷ¶֮ɫ
ƣôˣܻʮˣͷĵȥɣҪΪҵģȷĺ
ӣκҩ޷ˣѾ˵ƿ;ĵز
֪˼ɺףһƬɪĬĬˡ
㲻ģӦǣһҲ뿪ҵģ
ģûж仯֮Уһ飬˾˼꣬˭Ҳ벻˭ˡ
ϲ֮飬ҲˣֻЩ֪ǱôˣܲܳԱ᲻۸Ҫ֮ǰټһ棬Ҿ޺ˡ
Ҷĸ֮Уĸ׵簮һ˿˿ǰ֮Уһ㳤һֳ
֣ˣҲᣬ˭˵˾Ͳᣬ֮ףҲ֮飬ֱ꣬˭֪Ҷô
Ҷĸ˵꣬۾һϣϢʼɢǰͻȻһӰҶ㳤ʱ
ҿˣڳ֣

Ҷĸһ棬ҪŬ̧Լ֣ϧĵʹȥ
˫ۻϣϵϢʧĽڻ
űƿһӰͶϦݣ͸һɱ֮
˵κ˲׼ҹȥ
䷢һȣĿԼԼȥʹ֮ģ֪˿κˣֻ뾲ĸԼһ
ףˣ
ҶͻȻڵأһͷ
һϤϤӰӣ»ӣҶ㿴˹
𣿡
Ҷ֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣬ȻڷɿԲˣص˥ߣһҲϣֻǱȷ˼ٱѡ
ףң
ҶЩʣǿߣڼΪӣҪΪТǵ£Ҳĵߡ
ϧ㻹һĸס
俴ŴŵӣתԴĵĲȥᣬˣҶ뿪֮Ҳûеᣬǽ죬˺öΡ
ֻҪһˣĸ׾Ͳ
ҶվӣߵߣֱʩչСҶĸĻǻδԶڷ֮Уֻܿص֮С
ܿҶóöҩóһöٵĵҩҶԪĸ塣
һյʱ䣬ҶĸɫȻ¶ϲɫ
˿̵棬Ѿַ죬ҶĻع飬˶ҪҶ㡣
һܴܲһɽ磬ڶϣܵõҶ㴫ࡣ
֮£˾ʱ˵ˣ֮ҶһĴ𸴣ʱɽ棬ֹͣ˼˼
Ů˿Ҳڸžۣ֣֮ҲѪ֮ҲԼ黳ȻҲԼУΪҶ㣬Լļˡ
Ҷĸ˫ۣӡһϤİӰӣҶòˣĸ׵ģԼĶô䣬ܵһʱϳ
𣿡
ҶĸЩţֱۣҪҶա
ңĸף
Ҷĸߣ־Υ顣
ҿ϶Σˣ㣬ⲻģ
ҶĸΪԼѾˣֻǳ˻þѣſҶ㣬ҲУŻֻ


1775 
ⲻǻ󣬷ĻˣǷ㣡
ʱ˹ԼӽͣҺҶʱȻˡ
Ƿû
ҶĸʼԼ壬¶ȻڣҪǰҪõĶö࣬ҲӲ٣ô¡
ĸףģûˣ
ҶվӣһڷˣɽľҶҲڻżص硣
ҵķ
ˣҶĸҹҹ˼Ҷֱ¥˻
ĸףİɣһԺ󲻻ڷֿˡ
Ҷĸ׵ļģԺ󲻻ڷֿˣȻֿҶһʱҲ
ˣˣǻȳȥɣ
Ѿ˺üˣҶ棬ҽֻǻʱĸ̸֮
ȥŰɣҸ˵˵
ҶĸȳȥţԼҪҶ˵
Ǻãɣȥȥ
˵ͷֱ߳䣬һȥ˵ĳϡ׷Χ
û˰ɡ
˾еһѯʣɫܺãûˡ
Һ÷ļʱѾûˣȳȥ˵
ʵش𣬵ȷҶıȽϼʱ
һȺ˺ܿ뿪˴֮Уʼ飬ҶĻع飬ǲҪһ뿪ˣһܹؼ⡣
Ҫ˭ߣ˭ߣѣ˭ҪҶһ뿪Ͼɽ硣
ɲض˵϶һ뿪Щɾ侳һˣͿҶѡ
ҶҲˣôЩ귢չҶ˵ķ֮£Ҳһ壬ҶѾж˼֮λȫ򾳽硣
ƼҲһȻ˺ϲˣΪƼѪ齨һµļ壬ں򣬴˿̵֪Ҷع顣
ƼҲɳٳǰϾҶ棬ҲƼҵѪϣܴһ˽ɽ磬չ
ܾãҲ鲻һųϾЩҼһʮˣҶôȫһߡ
˾򣬻ƼңҶҵȵȣԼŮļˣ󣬹Ƽһʮˡ
ҶɽĵλһôȥܲӦĹһδ֪
ڶധ֮УϣҶڳˣĸ׵֮ͬ£Ҷ߽׼õ
˿̵ƻԻͣŮҲˣЩżˣҲм˱֮У׷׻ϻķΣڵƹӳ֮£Եˡ
Լôĺ֪ҶĸϺþûЦôˡ
μ
ҶǵһҲһֱôƺ
ɣҶ£
Ҷ㲻ϲһ֣˶£ģ˾ϲ㣬ǧˡ
˷׷׵ֵܶ뵽Ҷֵۡ
Ľݣ˷׷׵Щ˵궼׷Ҷ㣬ǣҶҲ齨ˡ
ɽ磬Ҷͬ·ýĴ
ڷʱҶĽݰףټ˹ͭˣ˵һչ
˷׷ŮҶ㸸ĸһſձѭ򣬾Ȼ
˵˵ɣôҶ˸ˣع飬϶ĺ¡
˵ȲˣҪϢ
ãҿҲȲˣҾһʱİţ
ҶѾ˺һݼƻ˿˳
̸ֹͣȫϴȴҶļƻ
ɽ磬ѾԼĻأң׼뿪
ֱһذϢһԴˣ߸˵
ԭΪҶֻǻԼĸĸһЩȽϹϵˣȴ벻һԾʹˣ൱ڴһŵˡ
𣡣
֮У˶ˣҲ˵ϲ˶лᡣ
ȻһʮˣǺܶ඼Ƿ֮ɽ磬ҲľӢֻм˶ѡ
Ҿһ
˻֣ҵ飬ϾˣܶѾȥܻˣȵþôһ졣
ȻˣҲҪʤ̭ɽ粻ô򵥣ʮʱ䣬ͻƵ۷ʸһͻƵɣлɽ硣
ܿŴһͻƵɣ⼸ɣ䶼ǻʱͻơ
Уɽ磬ҲڵĵλҪӵײΪһͨĵӣܽܣȻԱܲˣֻڷչ
Ȱѳ˵ǰ棬Ȼܶ˲ţûʱҶǲǵΡ
˷׷׵ͷ޿ɺǣڷҲ۷壬ǽɽ磬һĴڣһжҪ¿ʼ
һͣɽһ׵ĵӣҲڷϾҶ󣬻²ܷչ
һϢ䷢ȥҪҲҪ侳ʸҶص׼ɽ硣
ʣµڶݶҲҪץԺ˾ҪǴ
죬Ҷ㲻ϵĽڣˣ˵ӣˣ׷ִ
죬˵õ洦ʱ޿̶ͻƾ磬һȥǶôҫ
ҶɽϢһ㱻ھӼŮ֪һЩϢҶ㾹ȻѾɽվȽŸΪɽ
֪ϢҸǷˣ⼸첻ϵҪˣϣܸҶһ뿪磬ɽ硣
ϧѾգڼ룬Ҳûʸɽ磬Ҫڵȼ꣬˵ڶϹ
ҶҪɽ磬磬磬ͨ˲Žɽ磬ɽ˲ŵ磬ҪƹأҪ㹻ĵ̡
ڵĵ̣˵ƹأƹɽ綼ܣֻ˵ɽкܸߵĵλɽȫҶ㣬һ֮Ҳ޷ֵ
ʱ䣬ҶڽȥѾûκˣɽ棬˳ٳٲȥ󲿷ֱӴҶ㿪ܴһ뿪
ЩҶ޶ԣΪܶ˲һЩС˼˵壬һɽ磬ܿͻ롣
Ҷȥһ壬򵥵˵һ飬һҶһ뿪ϣȽǰһ𣬵Ժ㡣
ͣ񽿵˵֪ҶɽҲҵ壬Ҳѡˣʮָˡ
رɳ豣֪Լ磬޲ھͷȥȻϣΪڤ壬оõһҫΪҶѡˣδѡ
֮ĵûйڸɳ豣̶̼죬ɳ豾һ磬ͻƵ˶Ʒɡ
˶ǳõ岻ķдУʵ
ʮ֮Ѿһһˣʣµ˻ڼѡ伶ﲻôˣֻ¼ѡ
һҪģڶʣ䣬ЩʮֹؼҶϸҪ
˲ģٺãҶҲҪҪ䳬̫࣬Ǳþɽ粻ԺҶ㵱ȻҲҪ


1776 
ϸѡ֮Ҷ㽫˷ֱٸ֮У趨ʱ䣬һ죬ʮꡣ
Ҷ㲻趨̫ʱ䣬ⷲռֱѣҶڵľ磬Ȼһ죬Ҳû⡣
ҽ֮˱һˣЩͼӣҲڷٵϣܸ˳
ҶһƧ֮أԼĸĸϴë裬ǵľ糹ȹȡ
ǿٵĶռ䣬һ죬һ£ʱԽ٣ԾȹԽкôҷĿռ䣬֧һѾǼˡ
٣Գɿռ䣬ҶȻԵ
ԭʹﵽһƷɣõҶϴ֮ʵ
Ҷ֮츸ĸӵгǱҶ㲻ϣĸȥԶԼߡ
˽κ˶ϣĸڣҶҲ⡣
໹֮Уÿʱÿ̶ͻƣҶ㲼һ󣬲ϵĳˢǵ塣
죬ѾȹʮʱˣŹȥ죬ԴԴԴϵĹӦ
ЩҲѻԴҶɽԴ֮ǰֱռҩɾõڡ
ɽɽׯѹôԴ;Щȥ˲ͳһţɽ糹վȽŸ
ɽɵɽׯΪҶڣҶ뿪ɽ磬ɽׯָηչҪ㣬ֻܽǿĵ̡
̶̼ʱ䣬Ҷĸľ粻ϷѾﵽƷɣڲϵҶĿģͻƵɽ磬еλ
Ĳżʱ䣬Ҹоһ壡
ͻƵƷɣ泩үʼϢ죬ҶĸԼһ
ףֻɽ𲽣Ҫɽ㣬ҪﵽѾռ䷨趨ɽ࣬ǶӦɽ֮󣬲ܺܿȶ
Ҷ׼˵һЩɽ飬֮УֳӪȫÿʱ̶ͻƾ硣
һ죬ʮ֪꣬໹֮Уȹʱ䡣
﷨ɽʮƣҶ㲼һ޴ԴԴϵɽ
磬磬оô
Ҷ֮أüͷ壬ʮʹ࣬ĳ硣
ܣˣ
Ҷˣֹͣʱͻ̫ˣƿ
˵˵ƿ
Ҷʾ˲ҪȻܳƺ϶ЩηϾҶɽˡ
˺ܿʼ˵Լ顣
ܣҵƷ֮󣬷·屻Ϳˣ޷ڽһնҲ
˵ǻϴſЦ֮ɫ
ܼ򵥣໥֣Ҫ浶ǹĸɣ׼ԥɱΪĿġ
Ҷܿ첼һԲ׵Ŀյأｻ֣Զ˶ˣҶ׷
ԭأҪ浶ǹĽ֣ǻûϾ㣬ôµȥ֡
ҪΪǿߣ׵һǾˣ˭ɱԷҶ⽱
Ҷһȣ˱ԥֱһעһ֮ʱ־ֻɱ¾
ֵ־Ҷסˣֻʣɱ¾ͻȻޱɺ죬Ҷֶο죬Ŀһ˵˼ά
սһɫ䣬ҲҶֶΣ׾塣
һ󵶹⽣Ӱɱ֣ɱΪĿģܿ϶ҲˣȻ赲ǵĽŲڷĳ֡
㽻սУͬھĳ࣬ĳҲĿڣͬھ
Ľ˭Ҳû뵽ǺܿѣԼ壬¶һ˿Ц峯һ㵹ȥ
飡
嵹ڵϣƵȻˡ
ָһ㣬Ҷ壬һУʥˣ˿Ļָˡ
˼ͬһʱһվȻ
һʲô仯
Ҷû֮ɫҶֶΣѾ𾪵޷ˡ
˺ܿ壬ޱȳӯõ˷й֮屻Ϳˣ֮󣬵õ˲䣬˱÷ǳʵ
Ҹоһ˿ɶ
˵ǻоһЩطøӽʵҾҲԲˡ
ͶˣԺǾô
ҶЦЦֲпֻ֮ҶΪСдʥ֧֡
ԶһЩ˿ʼЦԺÿԿɱվ顣
˶һڿʼԲǣÿ첻Ͻ֣ʲôʱ򰾵ɾſֹͣ
ԶЩֻҶһȫƿˣ׷ױ졣
һӣǷǳпģˣÿ໥֣ЩһüΣҶ㸴ֱ
ֻǲܲϵһʮȥˣɾ紺ӿǳ֮࣬ˣ
Ҷϵĳˢǵ壬ǵʣٵѾɽЩˡ
֮У֮УҶӰϵĴҶ㽫ͨҶ㴩Ƿ㡣
ҶصѾȥһˣȶҲһЩΧΧ֪ûϣˣֻȥ
Ҷ㽨һЩݣƽʱʱҶȺȲ裬һЩѽһ
Сӣû뵽нյĸ߶ȣ
赼ʦ겻ѣԺֻ΢΢չҶһ£Ҷһμǡ
û赼ʦʱշҶҲֲҶ㶮֪ͼЩ赼ʦ֮УһֱҲҪҶһɽˡ
ʦ̫ˣǵʦСӣҲн졣
Ҷ£Ҳ겻ѣǵԺʱ򣬾۸Ҷûµʱ򣬾ͻȥ飬赼ʦĶһЩ似Ҷ㡣
ÿҶ㶼һЩˣ˾СȵȣҶ̸ģһǷɣڶǽ顣
ҶҲˣҪѣҪ̫ľηɽ磬ηҶ˵̫ˣ˷磬Ҷ㲻ҪηԼˣѡ
ص磬ҶҲˣľ֮ǰҪĿľѰԼԼ飬ĸ׵飬һ̽·ʯҺöĶˡ
֪Ҷɽ˰ľˣҲ棬رҶĳ֣˰ľʾ˰ľҶԵ֡
֪ҶˣɽƲŹȥʱѣʱ䣬£ӿɾһ֣綼ˡ
⻹ֹһ˳ﵽһƷҶķ˺ܶԴͨȫԺǰ;
ҶĸȻûͻƣҲǳ飬û˼ʣϾҶĸĸ
˺ܿҲӭ˺ϢҲ˳ͻҶһʮ꣬ǳᡣ
Щ꣬ҶһƼңӿܶţõ֮󣬷ٵ
ܶ˶Ҷʶǲųʮ꣬Ҷɽ綼ˡ
ϢӶϵĴ棬ѾȹһʱˣڲͻƵԲҶôЩġ


1777 ħ
ʱ϶֮УҲЩˣȻŹȥӽһʱ䣬ȴȹ˿ˡ
꣬ӿǧҪǻصɽ磬ƻ£ɽׯɽ糬һʵ˲䳬Խš
Ųңһĳ壬Ҳ˲ӿǧ𣬵ȷ߸ɽ罨
ҶԴĵĲˣҲûжռ䣬ҪԼ
ϧ߼ǳ֮٣󲿷ֶǵͼȵɽ磬
һ£ҶҪˣ棬ѡһ˲ţԺ˾ͽǴ
ҶһĵϢͨɽͨԺ󷲽кõţҪͻƵɣֱӿ͵ɽɽׯ
Ϣһöǿļûлɽĵӿϣ
Ϊܶ˲ż˲ãûлᣬڲһˣҶͨɷͨ趨֮УԺɽصǳ֮졣
һϢ鷲֮˼ԴҪˣϧ˾ܾڵķչƣƼңҶңڵȵȣͺܶ˲ˡ
ĿǰҶɽĿ꣬˵ҡ
ȥˣҶɽһЩõӼһ𣬲ܼҡ
ڷһ꣬ҶҲ˳żŮα˴ϱص½·Ƴǵʱ򣬶һ죬Ҷ㷢Դء
ҶѾˣʱǨûƳǱһǣҲݺύ
ѧԺתƣ½ֻǱһԺʽкõӣֱ͵֮С
Ҷĵطӻкһ·֮ϣȵСûкϣҶ㾹Ȼƶĵطﵽĸ߶ȣֱһ漣
ʵΣҶҲǱУһĻĻ·ɽһҶصСʱԺɽ˿Ѿռ죬ԺѾˡ
£껹δȥҶ˻صˣʱ䣬Ѿ׼׵ϵҲ˳ȥ
һҶһѾﵽɾִƼ꣬Ժڷɽ硣
ˣȫ֮УĿע֮£Ҷ֮У׼ɽ硣
˺ͣһ𣬲֪Ƕ꣬ܶ޷ȵһˣֻϣΪһ
ֵˣΪ˵ӣϾһҫ
ʮˣҶ㲻չˣ磬ǿʳ˵ҲһҶ㲻չ˵õ
ŮԼļ˶ɽ磬һѾ˳Աڽɽ磬Ժֻɽׯˡ
ڷжߵĵλɽ磬һжҪ¿ʼڲһˣǧɽ֮ܲɽ顣
˿̵ɽ磬ҲһƬңҶ뿪һʱ䣬ɽ綯ܿ첨Ĵ
һ׹˸Ҷھɽׯɽׯ˷󣬾ȻٴС
ɣң
Ҷһ߶ڴ֮ϣʶý
æɽׯ飬Ҷһǳ⣬飬ٸϵ
ʲôˣҲʱ䣬Ϊο˷󣡡
ɽ˭ڸҵɽׯǿߣ}ڤڣһûãҲ޷Σɽׯ
ׯв֪ϴ֮ħɽһֱΪϴʧأׯ
ûк˼˵ȥ
˵
ҶѾһϣýɼ˵ȥ
ׯĨȥ˼һЩţɽԪˣħô˻ᣬַɽ磬ѾĴ򡣡
ղžһħˣħʴ죬֮£ǲſ˷󡣡
ɿٵ˵ԭɽԪˣħô˻ᣬɱɽ磬ϣᵽ̡
֪ˣҪҪţټɽׯ˼ϣ
ħҷһţҶ㷴һλᣬɽҪ۷壬ҪһѪϴ
ЩȥµĶǾӢɽҲϴϴˡ
ܶţʲԷ⣬ڲı䣬ħַ϶˲أһЩֻܱûҪȥҪϵ
ɲҳɣټĴֱˣ}뷵Ҳһϵ֪ҶһҲ¡
ֻҪҶڣһ𶼲⣬Ҷɽоˡ
̶ʱ䣬ɽܶطħʳˣֻҶ죬Ҳ˵ɽׯϣҶϽ֣ħȥ
ɽ飬Ҫħ룬ħһЩǰҶгɼˣҲ׷׷½٣ҪɽׯˣһԸħ塣
۴֮УҶ㷢
ɣ˵˵巢顣
Ҷʶһɨ򶼸סˣֺܶطħټ
һһʮĻشɽ֮󣬾ʹԪڱҶĨɱʮţʧأħץ˻ᣬô˴ٽɽ硣
ׯѣ㳲֮ѣǼ彨飬ɱħ壬ɽ磡
Ĵվ˳ǶɽкᣬȻǵײôЩҶ󣬶ɽкĸ顣
ʲô
Ҷ㳯ɻֱ}뷵ʵ֮Ա϶û⣬ħһ֣ɽ绹˼侻
ͬĴĹ۵㣬㳲֮£ѣǾɽׯҲ⵽ʳ
ɸֱ˵ͷɽѣΪ࣬ӦһɽǶ֮ʧأȥɽ᳹
ǧ磬ʧҲϸܲǧ綼һܶСѾʧˣ̲߱ˡ
ȻͳһǾɱȥ׽ɽׯϣ
Ҷվټ䳡ϡ
˺һȫۼ䳡ˡ
ɣ
Ҷ࣬һ˳İĻȫһãȻ֮ɫ
ɽ𣿡
ˣǣӵ֣´
ɵҲһãȻҶôôˣˣƾǧˣһӾֲɽʧǧ
Щ˶˵ӣڷ罨Ļҵڴɽ磬ԺɽׯӣһжҪ¿ʼ·ƶȡ
ҶܿܣǱ˴Ϥһ¡
ﵽģȷ䳤񣬾ɽׯ˸ƶȣղشȵȣҪ˴
ôȱʮͷۣû뵽Ҷ뵽ˣôɽׯȫ
ɾ洫ӣͼɾǾӢӣ߼ɵţͨɵŵӡ
ŵӺ٣ҶͶɾǳ֮ࡣ
ׯ̫ţˣ
ֱıҶ۷ɽׯӵôˣȫԳưɽˣΪɽһš
ж㰴еְλ񶼷ˣҪһ֮ɡ
ʱȣħ廢Ҷʱ䲻ˣǸսɽ磬Ҫһ
ɽӹʼ㵽վŵ˸ÿڡ
ѵ似ָ˸˸ҩ԰ȵȡ


1778 ħս
Ҷ㽫ʱһ£һʱһʱ䡣
һź֮}뷵˻ĴҲжϤɽׯڲṹ
򣬳򣬻ȵȣһЩСԺ䣬ɽׯ档
ŮļˣЩ˲ԸˣҶǰһԺӣסƽʱʱŴһЩӻͿˡ
˭֪ûһ˲ɽׯ¼ڷʱֻ˻һϣûʵȨֻǱ
ǵɽ磬ҪɽׯԸ˳ԸҶһս
Ҳǣڷһ֮ڵɽ磬Ҳֻǻһϵݵλ˲١
ֻ֪ҪҶߣʵ綼гͷ֮ա
ɽׯһϹǵݵλȻҲߣҪȷλûҪߡ
ΪҶĿ꣬Ҫׯ鲼ĴҪƹɽ磬Ҫ㹻ĵ̸ʵЩ˽õ
ˣܿȫȥ˾ְΪڷ綼Ϥһ飬ҴҶǹ˲ţܿ潪ɷֵ˺ܶ顣
һӴźܿתΪǲȱ飬ȱᣬڻˣϣ꣬ǵȵһ졣
ˣѾɣһȥɱħ壬ȳһˣʣһ´γȥ
ҶҪĥǣһӦɽпĻڶڷ˼꣬ÿ˶ѹ˲١
ĴҶڳһˣһ뿪ɽׯɱɽ硣
ĴĿǱЩ˵İȫҶǸȫ֣ɱħ飬˷ˡ
һȺǣħֱնɱ֪Ҷع飬ɽˣ׷׼սţҶһɱħ塣
ΪҶ󲻻ˣֻҪˣҶ㶼ĽǾȻ
ĴĴʥϵЩ˵ˣ̶̼ʱ䣬Ҷӷʵü
õͷţħܿ챻˳ȥħʣҲ޷赲ҶĽŲ
ħ幥ħʱҶɵɱͻƵҶʵƷǳĿɲ
ħʶɵħʷͻƣǶƷħʣ԰Ҷɨħ硣
ʮһֻ˶ѪսѾ˸߼ﵽƷ̶ȡ
ҲΪҶĸףͿԶΣÿζǳ󣬳ǰ档
Ҳܿ齨˴һ齨һ𣬺ܿ첨򣬷׷Է֯ħڽڽڰˡ
ħս˿Ѿħռ죬ħڴˣ׼෢ڶν
棬ǰϢħڽڰˣѾɾɱˡ
һħ󽫹齫ɽ˵һ顣
ħͳ棬ǧħħʾռѾ˺üˡ
һȺɽѾԪˣǲѾ͸ȥôȫû
ŭһƽɳȥŭ⣬Щħŵɪɪ
һҶСӣͻȻð˳ɨħӣ齨һֻǳɲĶ飬ħֻ
ħվɽ練Ϣһһ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣬ɽʲôʱôһˡ
üɽʮ˽⣬ܶҲΨҶ㣬ʮİ

һħ̽ӻˣϢ
˵
һ˦֣Ͻ
棬ҴϢɽȷʵһһ֮ɨţһɽׯ
̽ӽһϸļ¼ħ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣡
¼ݶҶһʱ䷢飬ֻҪɽ磬һˣѯҶ飬˵һš
ټڽҪҶ㣡
ԼԴӣҪҶ㣬ȡҶնɱ
棬ӿϾҪˣǲҪһȣ
һ˳ĳ˵ȵһ¡
ӣȻһħ֮У֮ܳһսЩŽ湦ħʮأл̳ħʳ
ӻȪʧ֮ħʳһֱħϧ⵽Сݺħʦı䵽˷硣
ʦ½µĻʳԷħۣħµ򣬽Ȫ۵ĺȫɱɱȪ۵Ѫȫˡ
ЩϢ͸߹Ҷ㣬ħ磬Ѿǰħʳ˾ʦ¡
ԻСħһƹܣ˭֪ʦеħ·ϣԭеĻʳ߸ԼΪµħۡ
֮󣬿ʼ´ħ磬Ĵ֮£ħϣǰһɢɳħ󽫣һս
ĶӸᣬʹﵽħʵĳ̶ȣл̳лλ
Ҫԥһ£ˣڣ¶ӻ
ȥʽйй
һԸʱ䣬ħ֣ħʼ
ȴħȥҶģҸ͵ΣҲҪɽ£Ȼ˭Ҳе𡣡
ħһҪɽ磬Ȼò£ҲҪռһΪħĸݵأĲʳɽ硣
ǣ
ħħ׼ڶνɽ磬һҪĿģǻҶ㣬նɱãնɱҲ̽ʵ
һɽ֮ϣҶټһЩС
ħ֣ٲԵİΪʮ˽ħ壬űû˱
֣ħ廢񣬿߲ƣ
ҶҲоˣѾħʣ൱ִģսɽ缸ûгˡ
ҲоˣξʦҪԶɽˣһɽݣܿͻᲨ磬ʱ༫пܴǧʧ
˽ħƢԣҲ֪ǵĿģӴԺ󣬳ưǧ硣
磬綼ǳǿħԹƣħɽ罻һɽ֡
ɽû˸ʥ廢һֱҪʳ磬ʱͷл綼Ա档
غܲΪÿһ࣬ػԼļ԰
֣˵˵ħ
Ҷħ˽٣ϣ˽һЩ֪֪ˣܰսʤ
ɽγ˺ܶˣһԸħ壬ֻҶ󣬴ﵽˡ
һֻǳ֮ǿһа٣ȻʮħҶҲ֮ܽɨƽ
ħӷ֮һֱɾʦƹܣʮԱ󽫣棬ǳڶƷħʸƷħ֮䡣
ħҲŵȣȻɳ߼ħǰȻɽֱӱܲס߼ħʵķ
ԶħһЩ黹ǱȽ˽⣬رǾʦֵµһЩʮϤ
ҸղһõϢħĶӻԶսһħսֻɹʧܣһսǳļѡ
ԼղյħϢӾȻҲˡ


1779 ı
һϢħһβСС֣׼Զɽ磬ɽ£ȫһģͬ飬ħȥ
֣һһСɱħս̽Ϣһͬǰȫϣ
Ҷִ񣬱Ͼ߶ħݣ׻ȥҲûΣա
ãò鿴һ£ħ嵽˶ˡ
ħȱħҪ˼ʮڵĻ໹Եֵ˺սࡣ
ɽȻҲڣϧ಻˶еħľ򣬺ܶ˱һֵӣŻˮ㡣

һͻȻ߽ϢҪ
˵
ҶԴЩսȻԼûԳ֣ȻоЩۡ
ׯ̽ϢҶ鵽ˣħ幥ɽ磬кü֮֮ûвȡжѾҵˡ
ʵɽܶ˶ŭˣֻ޷Щţ˴٣Ȼ޶ԡ
ֱڣϽ̣׵ѪţļұŲµӲɱħ塣
һŭ֮ɫļҺȻɽŸħƴܾˣʱļҿԴл˲Ϊš
ļһǻɨƽļң
Ҷһɱ⣬ֱӰ䷢һļҲ룬ɽׯֱӽļɨƽ
Ҷȥ֮ɽ׷׽кãǰҶŰԵΣϣһ߸顣
ƾһ㣬˶ҶķڷǰĶԹԹȫʧҶĽٳײڣֻо塣
ܹȫֵˣµˣҶˣ˴ֲСڡ
ĴţյҶϢ֮𶯣ȻЩŭҶĵλ˵֡
ɽܶìͷָǣҪĸŵĲֹҶһˣܶ˶ȥˣѾѣǾȻûһɽţ֮
֮£Ĵŷ׷׵ɱħĶ顣
Ϣ֮Ҷ첿ӣϵĳħսȡսħ⵽ԵĴ
ԽԽ࣬ǹѩһҶĶ飬밲ȫбϡ
Ҷԭ̫ˣϾһˣԹЩ˾ǻˮ㣬
ֻýĴɢÿ˴һǧˣԱȫңͺùˣˣÿҶָĴЭԴӡ
̶̼ʱ䣬ҶĶʹﵽ˶ʮˣǧˣɾֻڶ档
ʱ˵˾ͷãǶǹţĴ飬γһǿˡ
ʮ֮ҶĲڽħսȴħ赲ȥ·˫Ƭǿ֮У
Ҳʼۣ㼸ˣһЩ쵼߿ʼҶϣɰҶ㵱ɽ쵼ߡ
ҶׯǸô죬ֱɱȥ֣
佣ɵ˹ѯҶ㣬Ҷ
峤ҲһĿעҶһϣҶָӡ
Էڶ࣬ӲӲѻʯõİ취
ҶҲϣɽʧأЩ˽ԼҶҪһǺҲЩӡ
˵˵ͷͬҶ˵ֻмʮˣħӣȻһжһྫӢŪûʧأе
Ҷׯʲôƻ˵ȫ֧㡣
ҶҶָӣҲûʲôɶ˵ġ
ȣ
Ҷ㲢żΪֵϢδҪȣԷĵϸ
Ҳ˵ʲôҶ´çײûаյ̣Ҷع飬ɽѾΪ˼
ħȻҲǼɵٳûзСħɧţϵĳĴӪ
Ĵ׵նɱĴʵÿնӣѾӽĴڣǳ
Ҷվ֮ϣԶһ֮Уħ飬һٶЩħ巨򣬶Ҷ塣
ݣ
һ˹ҶһץԷġ
ӣδħֱǸʽ£ʵܲһƷħʳ̶ȣħһңʵǳɲҪСģҪĿģҪȥץ㣬һıǧСġ
ԵܿʧѾһЩϢ
ıƣ
Ҷ⻬°ָͣʼ㣬СԼܶණܿҶ¶һߡ
һΣҶʧԭء
ȻǸ޻أһ׽
ҶصӪʣʶһ}ڤˣҶ}ڤϣԸħ塣
кηԸ
ҶλԽߣ}ڤԽģҶɽ磬۷ˣصʱԽԽ
һҶʶ磬ǳװͷˡ
Ҷڷ壬ˣѾ߸һ
ҶĵĴ˼䣬}ڤ⣬˳ȥʧԭء
ڴĴҶӪ֮Уű飬ûӰܶ
ħϮ׼ӭս
ͻȻ˺Žǣħ˹ʼӪ
ϧδǰͱһɱʼˣռʱħٵĵ¡
ֻһյʱ䣬ͱɱһɶռƣÿγħʵǺܸߡ
Ҷׯĵ˶𣡡
ʱ򣬴Ӫ߽ˣŵԶнڵһϣ׷׳Ҷ
֪ˣλˣ
ҶƤû̧Լı飬ԭء
ûʲôˣȥɣ׷ȥҪׯ飡
Զ˻֣ÿӪʵȥӪʣֻʣҶԶнڳˡ
ʱ䲻ˣλҲȥϢɣгս
Ҷ㳯˰˰֣ҲϢȡһټħ塣
Զڳ໥һۣ¶һߣҶ˹
αװˣжϵƤ߰ɣ
ҶͻȻ̧ͷ˸һ⣬ֱ˫ۣһ
ׯ˵ʲôء
˵ԶȻЩ𱸵ϾҶռŵʱԶշ١
ǵҪҲǵĿ𡣡
ҶЦѡ
ӽʱǾ¶ţ쳤ϴӲīɫ·ǰ͸߹ңҲ˽⣬쳤ϵϰҷǳ˽⣬֮ǰ϶ȿԼǵڶûв´һˣǸʽǹ£Ҳµûɡ
ƾ㣬ҶɵĲǵαװŸղңû˹˼Ҷߣ˳ûҶӪʣɱ˧Ӫơ
Ȼһף㱻Σھڣ
˵ǽϣȻħαװжϵƤߣ¶һףħʽ


1780 һɱ
ǱҶӪʵˣǸʽһħҪӪնɱҶ㡣
Ҷһֻ̣ҪסҶ㣬ơ
е˼ɽһ̸ֱ۵ҶɣҿҲ֮
ʽЩףҶ㿴ᣬɽôλ֮ߣô֣ı졣
طϻˣȻˣͱ뿪
Ҷøǆ£ԼûȥǣǾȻˣѰ·
һǻëСղľҳˣӪܣǷסˣսҲӦ
ʽͻȻЦղŽʱѾ˾ϷסƬռ䣬ȻûܸӦߡ
ƺѵΪ޷𣿡
ҶЦһԷȻ׼˭֪ԼСŲߣ֪ǽҹᰵ͵ϮԼ
СӣװŪˣͶħ壬ǻῼǷŹһҪǲʶôҹڡ
ʽҲʮɻҶôôʶǵݣǵαװģµΩΩФ
ʽ˵һԱȱӣ紫ԹȻʵ
ԴϢʽȽͣĻĻȽأ˸ʽ󷽡
ϻˣɱӪƣ
ԶװħҲжαװ¶һħףһͷǵ

ӪͻȻĴڶֳˣҶӪȫΧס
汻˽Χסʽɫ΢䣬ȻȦףҶϵǻ
ڸһλᣬģһῼǷŹһ
ֵҶ¶֮ɫĴһȫԲɱһһƷ
һ}ڤһЭҶԼһ˾Ϳ׵ѹƷʵøʽɫϱ仯
ô֪ǽ͵Ϯ㣡
ʽɫ仯֮һֻǲףҶôµô׼
Ҫ֪𣿡
ҶӪʱƿĴסʽ·µţ}ڤסߵȥ·
ʽԾĵ˵ͷȻҪ֪Ҷôµô׼
ƾʲôǣʱ䣬ģȻն
ҶͻȻޱ䣬ϢʼӳȥĴҶķڷȻ׽׽һħʡ
ҿҶ˵ҸǷܲսʤħ壬ȫҶһˡ
ϻɱڳȥ
ʽԥֱӳ֣Ҷȥޱȣħǳǿᣬһ䣬Ҷǰֱӱɳȥ
ҪɱңȵһԼ
Ҷָһ㣬ӪͻȻһ㱻סˣҶ񣬱һ񣬳֮⣬ʽħȫԭء
ҶڤȪķ򣬲˴һʩչ׵Ķס˸ʽˡ
ֻһУҶһħʣ¶֮ɫҶ˾η֮⣬һĤݣҶѾ˳ĳ̶ȡ
ӣһȺħڣǲҪӭУ
}ڤ˻Ҷȥħ壬ʽǰ¿϶ʹ˰ݣҸղŸʽѾźţѾǰ
׼ӭУ
Ҷһ£䣬ʽԴһס
Ÿʽͷ­ͷħѹ
Ҷһȥʿǰĸǡ
óһöͣʽԴȥˡ
Ҷһץʽʬ屻Ҷ㶪ħ֮Уʼħʷ
ڤȪ֮ҶƷԽԽϾҪͻƵƷ˸ʽʬָ֮оԽԽ
ȻǹԴӣʮĴǰԮΪʽңлγǿҵĳ
˭֪ʽûжҶγκεĳ͵
}ڤһֱڰУһöεӣؼʱ̶á
Իħ壬̽Ϣħһз紵ݶҶ㶼ܵһʱ֪
ЩħԶԶĿʽͷ­׷ͣס壬ǰһʽǵͳ˧Ȼɱˡ
ʿԾӵʿǳأһЩħ忪ʼˣ˾֮ġ
ߣǣѾ׷ȥ˫ʼսһҶһΣȻʧԭأħ滹һСǹµˡ
ʱ䣬ɱ죬ʮħ壬ʮ࣬һ𣬾Ǿ춯أضˣַ
Щͼħ屻ܶ౻ѹ촷ۡ
ɲĻĴֱײһħնɱͬĴ߲һУͱնɱ
󣬸绢ʩչ쾡£ħٵļ١
ɽׯˣһǾþɳǳǿҲʾ׷׳󣬵ɽŵˣǳ档
ǿԽǿԽԽС£޷Ǳ
ҶӷЩ֣ϵѹե壬ڷٵ̶̼ʱ䣬˺ܶ߼
սĲֹħ壬ɽţ𺳣Ҷô֡
ŵսҲ˶Ŀһ£ǵķǳ֮ǿÿһöͶȥըüħ塣
֮£ռݾԵƣܿ콫ħֻ̤ʣһ롣
ʱ򣬴Զսĵ¾Ȼڳˣ֪ʽսȥƻȫû
Ȼˣαôżͳߣ
ҶͻȻڹǰ治Զʮֹ죬·ƾð
Ҷ㣬»һԳ˾֮ɫ׵ɱʽҶҲ׵նɱǶƷħʼݵ
ڵȶӣǰӪԹ²Ҫ
Ҷ㣿
±Ͼħ󽫣ܿȶһЩħ廤׷վǰһľġ
ǰǴҵϢˣΪҪżߣ
ҶЦһԷɳħΪ˴ɱԼһˣħԼǳļɵ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ񣬵ȶһڣ
濴ʧˣû뵽Ҷʵ֮ǿһоɱһƷħʡ
𣿡
ϧ㿴һˣ
ɱһһȡսתƵħ紦Ҷָһ㣬ǴЩħҪ֣岻ܶˡ
´һЩħӴܣɾ಻ϵ׷ɱܿɱħӪħȫ
һĴսˣȫʤʿǰĸǣܶ˽飬ֱɱħսħȥɽһ
Ҷֹ˴ΪħħսټǧħóȻȥ϶ᱻݽȥ
ȻҲԸ⣬ҶصӪأʼսֻЩϱ֪Ҷǹȫ֣һȣ֪ϵرˡ
һսʲôر֪ˣҶҪСġ
ʵ򵥣ҲƷħʵƷħʵĴڣҶ֮޷赲ҶͻƵƷ


1781 
ҶʮͷۣɽԴޣԼͻһ磬ǳ֮ѣȻڤȪҲҪʱ
Ҷﻹжʱ䣬һĩգҶȲôһˡ
Ϣܿ촫ӪϿգһӰһʤеħ塣
ħţԽԽ࣬ԲϷϢħִ֮ħ磬һսĻ
˭˭Ҳ֪ҶڵǵԼǧħ壬һжӣǿ
ԼߣԼ֮⣬}ڤˣʵ֪
ɽ϶ϹŶûг֣ǲ֣ҶҲκβˣҲںδ
ǰ
ҶԴֻ취ˣϴϴŲ㱻ҶĨƽҶĨƽԯʱԼԲˡ
ڴµӵҶⲻǺܴ󣬱ϾҶûնɱһ·
Ҷׯҹټкμ£
ŵ裬ᣬ
Ƿϻ˵ĿǰǶˣǳħڣò˼죬ɽ罫˼
Ҷֱ˵˵ǰҲȷˡ
Ȼҿֱӷɽ磬ҵļ˻ڣҪսһ̣ҵĵߣħ̤ɽһ
Ҷ˵ļηƵƵͷɽҶɽ֮
ɽҶׯɽ컯Ҷׯҹҹ˵ɣʲô飬ֱ˵ֻҪü
ҲɵӣҶĨ˵ô࣬϶ָ
ãҲҵʵƿҪħ壬ҪﵽƷĳ̶ȣһ˿ϣ
Ҷ˵ʵ飬η˵ͷȷʵô£ҶǿдȥĿܡ
ҶׯʲôҪҰģ˵ɣ
ηƺµʲôҶ츳ɽȷʵߵ˾ͷǰһǳ֮ѣǽ硣
ͨɽͻһ磬ǧѣԴ޷ѻΪƣ޷ٽһ
οҶ㣬̫࣬ǲͻˣԴҲ޷ѻ
ãҲҪŵͻƵƷҲаոһս
ҶϴΪŻֵʱҶֱɨƽţȻ뼺֣ѡԱ˸Ҷ㿹⣬Բãһ·
ˣҶܲǿĨţǧˣҶҲɱ˲գ۵ħͷ˾ɱűϾкܶ޹ˡ
Χţֻô˶ѣıȥ׷ˡ
ȻҶҪɫʮѿŵĸʧȥŵҲһǧɡ
ڴǰϣ㿼УҲǿ󣬵ʱҴ˴żһɽ磬ɽ飬Ҳˡ
Ҷ㽫׸裬㲻ӦˣΪһˣɽݡ
ｫҶ˼ʮ飬ϻ˵ʲôֻܳ˼ڴָСǰѡ
ҪǲɽݣҲΪ⣬סҲֻɢǧ硣
ҪǽвʣһҶ֣֮϶ύһѵ⡣
ʱ䲻ˣһϵʱ俼ǣǷӦ
Ҷûżߴ٣Ȼȥǿǣߵ̫á
ãһ磬Ҿ͸Ҷׯһ𸴣
ȳȥˣϾô飬ҲҪһ£Ҷͬ⣬Ҳûȥǿֹˡ
һҹʱ䣬ڶ೤е飬ôֵֵá
˷ԣҲͬɽ綼ˣкá
Ҳͬ⣬Ҷ֣֮Ժ㣡
һųվͬ⽫Ե
Σħ绢㳲֮£ѣʱɽһƬȻҲ⣬кá
һվγԸ⽫ȥɽ磬ֻöһöѾʧһöš
ֻýĿ⿴裬оȨȻ飬ǾȨ
㷢ɣǽҶ㻹ǲǶġ
һվӣʵ
ˣҶѾ˵ˣŽ⵽ɽų⣬ҪҲô򵥣ҪҶ㸶ʲô
迼ǵıȽ϶࣬Ȼ͸Ҷ㣬ܵҪҶѪУŹƽ
ƽ޹ʵĽȥ
Ϸ׷׵ͷǵܵ벻ԿܻҶֵ֧֣á
ɫһ߽ҶӪʣһҹ飬˽

Ҷʮֿһҹʱ䣬ȫ򾳽硣
ҶׯؿǰеǰҲ˵ſóҪҶׯΪЩʲôһȥҲøЩϽ
һЦ֮ɫʮΪѵ˵
˵ɣҪҳŵʲô
Ҷ㲢֣ԷĹãҶž֣ȻԷҪͺðˡ
ϣҶׯԺշһţǰĶԹԹȥɣֻҪҶׯڼ֮ڣŷչҸм
ԭϣܵõҶıӣϾɽ綯žϴ֮һ겻񣬿ҪˣҶ㣬ϣշš
Ҷһ£֣ҶҪô׵ĴӦˣԵöԷǣűߡ
ҲӦأ
Ҷ¶ζЦݣҪǲӦԼȫ
ȻҶ㲻Ӧ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ҶׯµˣȻںСڣɽסҶׯԻҶׯȫ
ڷˣҶҪҶ㣬Ͻһΰɡ
Ȼ˵ŶԱˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷʶȤʶȤҶ㲻ֱӵţ
ڷŵҶҲ˵ʲô
İɣ֮ڣһŻָǰҫǰᣬҪٸҲ飬֪
ҶӦ֮ڣŻָǸǰһҶ㲻Ĩƽš
ҶׯģԺһԲɽׯ顣
ʮʹĴӦ
ɽôûбҪһɽׯֲһ򣬾ɽׯ־ٴҲ쵽ɽÿһ䡣
Ҿɽׯ£ôŰԵһһķչռ䡣
²˳٣ȥţ
Ҷ㲻ҳɣȥţȡԼͻƵƷ硣
Ҷׯȥɣ
ҪҶһȥϾŶҶ㻹Щ⣬ħսϢδȥ
ˣħٽ
Ҷ˰֣Ŀǰħ˫ڽֽ׶Σ˳ߴ֣һҪ


1782 ö
ҶûһͬҴˣٶȻɽׯ֮ˣҶҲ֮С
ûи֪κˣֻǷԸȥҶҪչؼգ˴ʧħսԵ
䣬Ҷͳɽ򣬿ռѾƲҶٶȣµ·̣Ҷһʱ͸ϵˡ
ܿϿգҶûóȻȥǷһɳһˡ
ˣ
壬ħսҶһԭҶԼȡڲˡ
Ҷʵ磬֮ͻƵ˾Ʒĳ̶ȣǰӣôˡ
ȥ¥
¥֮УҶҪ·ȡҶȻа취

˺ܿʧԭأֱ¥Ϊ󲿷ֵӶȥħսˣԵÿտյ
ʱɽ磬ֹԵÿյɽ磬Եޱȿյڷħ֡
ҶѷԼϢ˺ɵ̤¥ͣס塣
ˣֻܴ㵽ˣ¥˿أ޷ȥ
εݣһӶѣ޷ڽһ
ʣ½ңȻȥ
ɱɱûжˣھԼһţԺʵȡλá
һΪŶɽׯ֣֮ҶôʹĴӦ裬Ҳԭġ
ţʵҲҶԼԥһ£Ӧ衣
¥ɭϣϿأֲܣһ˽룬ܲ
ϧҶ㣬ȫ֪ҶϢƵнƣ¥ڲ
ṹǳأͬöտɫöɫ
ɫˮԴ֮öȻԴصһС
ص֮ʱǿҳγ·öʱġ
տɫҶ°ͣҪԼȥգ꺣֮еѾǣ֮տɫ˲ЩƣֱӳҶ˹
ಣ
Ҷ꺣֮Уǳ֮죬Ҷյöˡ
ٲöҶܴöᷢʲô˭Ҳֻ֪ϣҵö
ʧػ֣׷׳¥ϧȵǸϵʱҶʧ
˺ѿռ䣬Ҷصɽׯֱӽ£ڤȪ֮ϣڤȪԼ
ûˣҶͻƶƷֻڤȪȻȻͻƣҲûԴӦ
Ͼħ֮лħʣ治򣬼ϴܶ߼ѪЩǱʺҶա
ڤȪ֮ϣҶһӣܵʱ䷨˱仯ͻҪܾһʱ䣬Ӿ⼸͵
һˣཫͿ̿ħ֣֮ȻҲħū
ڤȪʼһҶ棬ĺ֮䵽Ҷ֮С
öͻȻںϵһҶ꺣Ȼ֮䣬ų޾ϼ⣬һһǳѤ
ܿ죬ʼҶ˲˶Ʒ磬ʵٵգۼĹ򣬾ʹﵽ˶Ʒ۷塣
ҶûмͻƣѹԼľ磬Ϊ׼Ǳȫþȵʱ򣬲Լչ
ҶƷ㹻ԼӣʵڲУ취ͻƣԺۡ
ͻ֮ҶӿڤȪٶȣޱ޼ʣҶղ֪٣ǲ١
ױȵķҶǣŻ¶ҶгŻʸˡ
ҲڷٵıǣƿҶõĲƪֻһҪõʣµƪ£ҪȥѰˡ
ѶȲĽ˵ǰˣĲƪϧʾҪõѶȷǳĴ
ʱˮҶڤȪѾȹһ֮ã˿Ҳ˾춯صĴ¡
Ҷ뿪ãħսʹϢǰһ쵽֪ħʧش
ħ겻սһǰƣɽ磬ꪳɳöʮֲˬݺݵѵһ١
Ϊ˴Դӣַɽ磬ӵ󣬹۲ս֣൱ͳ˧
˿ߣʮֻңҶ㲻٣ħٽӦԡ
ԶʮֽҶӪ֮ضȲҶԸ׼κ˴ţħѹò˶ãħ̤ƽ
ƾһħʣͷǳĿɲֻ}ڤֵܵħʣҪһټеࡣ
ٵˣӦս׼
Ҷ֪Ҷĸף֪ӷ齨һǿľţΪף˿׼ħ塣
ĴҲʼ齨ԵĶ飬׼ӭУħԽԽҶܲܳأһؿơ
һؿˣħ彫᳤ֱ룬ֱɽ硣
Ҫǵɽ磬϶һӶᣬʱɽҲʧأҶ㽫սǱɽܽѡ
ҶСҹ
ħӪǰ״վһȣһѣҪҲֳ
棬ͳΪҪȶĵá
Ҷ㲻ڣĲȣħѹѹһƬŵɪɪ
ɱȺħ壬Ҫׯ֣
}վ˳趯׼ͷɱȥ
ɱɱȺħ壡
ұܹ裬׷׳ֱǰ壬һȣĴҵׯˣĴвжΡ
ҳ壡
Ҳһȣħ糱ѹ
һȺȺһħ۵һײ֣ʱ̶Ҳħ屻̤
ʮֲңħǻȳһ㼸ˣĺü࣬Ϊħ己ֳǳ֮죬Ųϵַλ档
ˣǿ쳷
һЩ˿ʼˣȥǺˣ
Ҷסˣһߣأ
ɽЩ˿ʼˣغ˵˾ǰӱõİ취ɱǡ
ϧ˭ǵģɽׯ̫ʢܶ˽Ƶǰ棬Σվȥܡ
ĴΧΧκεΣգһħ屻ɱѾɱǰ
棬Щ˾ҶɱǣҶ㲻𡣡
һħ˳˵Ĵɽ綦˲ʶ
ãɱЩˣҶ֣
أҶ㻹ǳٳûг֣Ѿ˻ɣҶǲǳûˡ
ħһ䣬Ĵ˹ȥȿɲϢ֣Ĵȫɳȥ
ȻĴһпһƷǶԸƷǲ̫ࡣ
ҿӰҶѾˣԼµ
һЩǰҶгɼ˴˿̴ĺȣ岻ϵĳߣҪ˴ȻԻڡ
ͣ
ղŴ󺰵ӱһ}ڤֱ飬ȻҶ㣬õ


1783 Ʒ
û֪ҶȥˣȻҶ㲻٣ҲҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬ЩˣھȻʴʣҶ㣬ɽׯ˿ȥˡ
ɣ
һֱӱƷɳȥһڿѪȥ嵹زֱӱħ
ĴҶ㻨ѪģʧһɽׯĪʧǳ֮ء
ת֮䣬Ǽ˵ϡ
俴ѣҪ⼸סˣˡ
ڣУ}ڤһ֮޷Ťתս֡
}ڤһ˶ԸħʣѾǳˣڼ棬ֱĩգһ൹¡
ղŻʮĴת֮ǰ֮һңǳĿɲ
ħҲһ˼ˣѾʮʬ鲼ǲ֫ϱۡ
սˣѾȨ˳ȥȥͻɽ磬ʱȱȫ򿪣ħ彫޼ɵĽĴ
һҲڵѪЩҶͷ⣬ʧһҶ㶼ᷢġ
ҴӷˣҲ٣˵һƬҡ
ҶСҵҪʲôʱ֣ɱЩˣҿܶ㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
Ĵһ٣Ҷٳٻǲ֣ɱԽԽ𾢣ʱɱĴǲϵŪ
һ¶ǳŭ֮ɫϵĳȥֱܿƣ޷ȥ
ڤȪ֮ϣҶ㻹ڼͻƣʼŻȫ¶ѾгɹĿˡ
ΪĺˮֱӳȥҶĻƷʮֿɲ
䣡
ҶһζڤȪˣһԶ
ŻʼɶҶʵǳ֮񣬼ʼڶεĳ
һδεĳҶѼѪǲ֣ͣϵĳڼһ˿⡣
¡
һŻҶ棬ʮֹ͸޾Ĳɣ
컯֮ţ
ĸ¶Ż棬һ޴ŻҶȡ֮ŷǳƣŻȻص컯֮š
ǴӺδҶ㲻Լ̫ˣˣҲ컯֮ţһֱ棬ֻûбѡ
֮УŻҶѾֱֻ֣֮ţ֮ţֲ컯֮š
ŻһȫѹƷ
ûʱ컯֮ţҶָͻȻָһ㣬һɱͷųûκͣ弸һ˲䣬ʧԭء
ʱħսͬ˼һ㣬˲أʮɾѾֻʣ޼ħɱ
淢һЦĴһԼǳʹ졣
ҶɱɽɱҶʮ˫ǳƽˡ
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬һ޴Żֱħ֮䣬ħֱƾըǳ֮ɲ
ķˣ֮ϣһ޴ĺڶӺڶ֮УһŻֱӴħսλá
㼸ʮħıѹͻħ巢Уϵĺˡ
ϧѾˣһ׵֮£ֱҽħȺ֮С
¡¡
ħ׵磬׵£ʮħ屻׵ֱը

ӿɲϢ֣ɨһɼȺϢɨսħֱӱסȫΪ
Ҷˣ
ʣµ࿪ʼҶ㣬ֻҶֶͨΣֻһʱ䣬նɱħ壬ɲٶȣ졣
Ҷ֣ɫһҶȥ
ģ
ѣмλãСͺڶĿռ俪ʼȶпֱܱӴ顣
ııģ
һıըֱӱƷɳȥҶȻվԭأ˫ֿʼӡСˡ
֮ٻ񡭡
һҶﺰˣһ޴ֻ֮ŽЩȥ࣬Ȼֻ֮ͨţֻ˹
һһǳ֮죬ת֮䣬Ǽ˸ԽԽ졣
ŵûһ£ʲôֶΣȻܲٿ˵ЩѾˣҶԸıǵˣҲ
ЩûлҶС㣬ղŴս˺ˣԼЩԶˡ
ʮˣѾˣֻмٸˣҶ㲻ָܻǡ
Լ֪ʲô顣
Ĵо˵һжҶֶΡ
ڷ绹ɽ磬ҶѾǵһչ¶ֶΡ
棬㲻Ҫˣһսɣ
Ҷ˳ͻƵ˶Ʒϴ˵Żʵ˺ֹһǼʮֹ
һħʣѪ
ҶɱԼôħ۴Уħʸ}ڤڽ֣¡
}ڤΪǶƷԸһƷħʻ࣬ҶˣһҲȫħʳ֡
ҶСɣ
˴ܴ裬ȥӿ϶ŹֻɱҶ㣬
ʧħ壬ʧܲΪһʧѾʧһ
ħһʹһǧڲˡ
ôѪϴɽ磬Ϊɽ绹мʮڵ࣬ȷ沿ӣħսڴٽ
˭֪ħսҶǿħһδش
Բѣ
ҶЦһ峤ֱ룬ֱӳǰһȭȥʮƽȴص塣
ںöҶȫϵһ𣬴˿죬
Ҷع飬಻ϵźҶɱ棬һʤʱħսħһϵľս
䣡
ȵ淴ӦʱҶȭͷѾϣޱȣҶֱ˺˿ռ䣬ǰ
ٶ̫ˣƷħʣʵҲˣ
ҶųĿƷħʣħкܸߵĵλˣȻҶ˳
ҶޱӢ£ɽׯЩ˿ʼҡźĴȫع飬Ѿ˲ǵһˣϰΪ
Ҷǵʱ򣬾һѹ֮齨飬дħȫ¾
ɱ¾
Ҷֱʩչ˴ɱ¾Ƴգ
ҶͻƵƷ˵ŻҪնɱĺѣǵƾ
ڲͬҶԪѴﵽƷҲƷֻǾҶѹƣͣڶƷϡ
ⲻܣ㲻һƷôż죬ʹﵽ˶Ʒĳ̶ȡ
治ףҶϢϵı飬ͻһʱ䣬ôͻˣֱ˼顣
Ҫ磬⵹пܣɽ磬ôͻһ˶̵ʱ֮ڡ


1784 սǰϦ
˵ǲ⣬ߺγǣҲҶˡ
ҶԽǿԽģΣҲữ⡣
磬һȺħ⣬׼ɣ
Ҷø£ֱ趯Щ߽治ϵİһЩطʼ˺ѡ
Ѫħ
ͻȻһУʼȻѪħĺᣬǳӵһЩ츳֮ͨһ
ԽԽ󣬱һʮ׸ߵľħǳĿɲ
˫ͬ޴ҶݺݵռͻȻһΣȻܲסһѿ
Щ֮£ֻ÷׷׺ˣսǲ벻
ѪħʵһƷˡ
е˼
ű֮棬Ҷûκα仯ɫŵаЦ
ϲ֣֮
ҶͻȻʩչϲ֣֮ݱһö޴ȭͷݺݵĳȥ
飡
һȭݺݵĻͷתȻǿˣǴļٶȡ
ٶҶ˵ı£ҲҶıǮٶʩչ˼£Ϊһߣֱӳǰ
ʽ
ɱ¾֮ˣݺݵնұϣʱ䣬Ѫעγ֣ڿϣҶٶȵһַ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ԻΪһʧԭأҶ壬ĸı̬۴С
һȥȻûн֮նϣҲɼǣʹѣϵĵ
ҶСб³һȭ
ҶͣԶ֮ϣһȭҶȥȻʹ˼
ħħ壬ֱ޴ˣһԼĶ̴ĳȽ𡣡
ҶֲɵԼȻǿǶԷҲҶŲɵԷƴһܾˣԼڡ
ʽ
Ҷصĳұ۲λͬĵطҶ㲻ϢĻᣬٴ£Ѫ䣬һұ۱Ҷж

޴ұ۱Ҷ˾ħʼգǿƷ򣬱Ҷ˲ᡣ
ȻڤȪȻЩȱݣƷ򲹳䣬ҶԲ
ⲻܣƷô֮ǿ
淢һУұѪӿҶķ򣬼ֱܴ衣
㲻̫ˣ׼ɣ
ˣϴϣʧȥʶ飬κ˱壬ն
ħҲһӵԼҶ֮󣬱ûǡ
ۣ֮Ȼ
Ҷٳûɱ棬ΪҶҪʵʩһļƻȻˣҪ͸һ
˭Ҳ֪ʲô飬ͻȻԭأһĻ꺣֮С
£Ҷ㽫ֵʩչ쾡£ǳ֮죬걻Ҷ㳹׶ȻҶū
û֪ҶһʧˣҶһỹҪҪȥ
汻Ҷնɱħŵһ£׼ˡ
Ҷô뿪ħֲղͻƴȱ
ϲֳ֮ˣһƷħʣֻСһҶץֳ棬̫ˡ
ɽǸ߸ϣ໹ħ壬һĴڡ
ҶҲǲѾҶ֣֮
ħʶħħ濪ʼգһҽУһ׳ħ編򣬱Ҷ
Ҷ㣬㲻úྐྵȻħ廹Ҫֲ
˷ŭϧҶ޶ԣҶ㲻ȥɱǡ
ȫʤûмˣԺԲơ
սʽ˶ҶͶء
ԭŵ˶Ҷܲͨղŵ飬ﶼʧˡ
ΪҶȫûбҪȻǣҶûôһȻǡ
ҪҶںͻƾ磬Ѿһʬ壬ʱɽҲݣһҲħ֮֡
ҶׯǲҪʤ׷ɱħȥ
󲿶ѾħսӵĵطߣħռսҪס
ʱԣҪħһǺúһ
Ҷ¶аЦһûģ϶ʲô⡣
ҶҶѾķӣӪկµľӪҶٲȻΪɽߡ
ҹĻ٣ҶԼһӪ֮УͻȻһаħˣ档
ʧұֳ˳Ҷ㻹дãôô׵
μˣ
ͻȻҶʮֿ
ɣ
Ҷʾվ˵ܲɱӣҪ
һöһȥŵľλá
ҶʶƵƵͷ˿ҶҶʲô޷ˡ
ЩӣҶ̻һöоƷռǧöǧöôһըԺ죬˺ħȱڣԺħ̤ɽ磬ˡ
ħֱͨըϣԺħɽ磬ͲôףһҲ޷磬ħۼ𣬲ܺ硣
ħ൱ʣһɽ磬ܲסŪûֱӱѣԲܳɽ硣
˿̵ħ磬ĴԽԽ࣬һǧϵħһζɽ磬ڱصãĳԶɽˡ
Իħ֮Уһĵ֮ɫɽҪݣûʲôô
ѹ˴ĲϣҶķһʱ䣬̻˶ҶԼš
õҶϢ뿪ˣ˭Ҳ֪˶˹ҶѾӮ˵ľηҶκξķӡ
ȥ֮Ҫħһս
һУҶȥ֮󣬾ħһս֮գ˭˭һ
ȫûϢħܴ󣬺ֹܿͣ˼ǰͣħս
һ޴Ӫ֮Уһ׸ߵӣ̴̣һףԼı
ǶӣʵǳǿѾƷħʵĳ̶ȣЩħսսۣľʦϲ
ĸ֮УΨʵߣΪԸӲͣ˿ҲսĹ˼ɽߡ
Ӳųãʵߣһֱħʳ֮С
ǰϢΣ
ӿʮħ󽫣ʵ
ضӣǰ洫Ϣľȫû棬ȴ֪ȥпˡ
һСĻشŭӡ
һȺǲôྫֻǼʮ࣬޷̤֮ƽҪǺã
һŭħɪɪһ£±ֱˡ
ϢŭһжǸҶĸĹѾ̤ɽ硣
һħ̧ͷһһʮ˵˳


1785 Ϊƽ
벻Ҷ㣬Ҷĳ֮ħ֮սͳ˾ת
͸ɽħ屻ȥǸʽ˰ӱҶɨƽž棬ľӣȻȫû
⵽ʲôǶԷҲƷͨɱ棬Ʒħʡ
˵˵Ҷ
ʵħʱ򣬾˵Ҷ㣬ʱڷ磬ħҪռ磬ҲǱһҶɨƽ
Ҷ㣬ǲͬһˣӲȷһԿ϶ҶҶ㣬϶ĳϵ
Ϣܿ챻Ҷ㷲翪ʼɽ磬ڵľɽׯһһһ
Ȼ
Ӻų飬º飬ƺţɢ֮ɫ
ȥҪҶ㡣
վӣҪҶ㣬նɱħ彫һǰĳɽ硣

ʱ򣬴洫˱һħֳһվ档
˵
˵
µսղŴ͹ģ
ħСĽսҲ˫ȲϴŶ£Ӿηǳ֮
ƿս飬һɱֳ棬ʱ䣬һɱ֮Ӫʣ·бҪ͸ǵ塣
֮һۣ
ɱ棬һС֣Ҷ㡣
ӣ˭µս飿
Щ󽫶վʲô飬ֻǸоһɱһ
һսǵɺɱ֣ȻħѪдǳħ塣
˼ҪħѪɽȥ顣
Ҷ̫ˣħ֮ѪϵѪˡ
һħ󽫷ŭҶҧгݣҪҶսһ
ȥ֮󣬸һս
ȻҶս飬鲻ڷ֮󣬸Ҷһ¡
ʮֳƣ໹ħ壬ȫսЦ֮ģ֮󣬹غǵ
Ҷ㲻У˶ӣҲȫû˿ûк·ˡ
սֽΣҪȥΪغ״һħսݣɽ罫ٲ֮ء
ʱ䣬Ҷ㶼֮жȹһ죬ҶѾȹˣϵƶƷ硣
оȫ컯֮ţе֮
ҶӦһ£ŻһʩչѹƷħʣҪǲ컯֮ţҶҪսʤƷħʣĺѡ
ˮľסƷпܣסƷħʣǳ֮ѣ˲ͻ⵽նɱ
ˮľò׳ɳҶʧ
֮Ҷڴǰףһɱ֮
һսغܷɽԲʧܣֻɹ𣡡
ҶԴǵ˵ɽٴ˿ֻҶѵ
ɱħ壬ɽ磡
뻮һ˶Ѫڣȴľôһ졣
׷Ѱǰħ෢һδģ͵Ϯʱʧأķ˼ĴۣŽħȥ
ʱ꣬ħٴξһθǿƷħʡ
ܻܲһεѣһжҶϡ
һΣʧǳС˵һΣɽ֮⣬󼸴γɽǿķ˻ȥռݾԵơ

Ҷֳ죬ͳӽʮ࣬ƺƵĳħսȥһ˸Žս
ɽԴԴϵ˸ϹյϢӸҶһ𣬲ħ塣
ԽԽ࣬ǸħǧȣԵ̫Сˡ
ħǧѾͼϣ뻮һվħսȺĵǽҪ
վһͷߴս棬ɫɢ֮ɫīɫĹâ
ЩħЩâ֮󣬿ʼѪҺ·𶼱ȼˡ
ܿռ俪ʼŤһսģһƬأ⣬ｫøӲпᣬж޷̤һˡ
ӣˣ
ԶƺƵĴһħ󽫴ָָǰ
ֻʮħ߲ٴ󽫶ЦˣôҲǰֱѰ·
ҶȻǿжӶԸʣµЩ࣬ǧħ壬׵Ľѹ
ӺܿҲ룬ħ壬ҲǺǷôħ壬Щˣ޷֮ɱ⡣
û·ˣҪǰһء
Ҷڸͷ֮ϣϰƮƮʮֿΣ콻Сڿƣдͳһ䡣
Ҷ㣿
ӸҶף˴˵òһ
£ϣħͷʢĶӰɣ
˫ǵһν棬ӱ˴˵Ŀ֮У˻ҩζ
֪ħ彫ضҪһͳǧ磬ɽ粻һ̤ʯѣϹ˳ħ壬ҴͷλԺɽ罫ύɽ綼ġ
ӾȻҪȰҶ˳ռɽ֮ɽ磬Ҷ
лĺ⣬˲ϲԼϲĺֻˣ
ҶĬһ£Ļش
ղӵջ󣬲˶Ҷ㣬ҶӦˣǹƽ춼Ҫ˭֪Ҷܾʮָɴࡣ
Ȼ㲻ʶôֻսϼˣ
Ҳǆ֮ˣ˵һ鼴ɣΨʵΨһ
˫ս˲죬Զħ̤ĽŲһƽߡ
Žӽǧħ壬˫ŲԾһϵѹ˲һϵ𺳡
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬ħм䣬һ޴Ģƣһö޴ĵըħ屻ըķǡ
ͻһĻħһƬңȻ˻ħ֮Уֶ
ըʮϤܿˣ϶ҶĹ
䡭
ըԽԽ࣬ܿħսÿһαըмħˣ̶̼ʱ䣬мħ屻ը
ԶԶûнͻȻһöӿɲըˣռһ޴ĺڶħֱӸ˽ȥʧ
ħһ߿ʼұը˷ħһƬңܶźħ֮
ħһţؼ̤һЩħûбըı̤ǳ׳ۡ
һƬܼıըǧöһը㼸ħ屻ըħսΪƽء
ħս紦һ޴蹵ЩըжħɽϵԺħɽ磬ǳ֮ѡ
öըһյʱ䣬ռ䳹ױ飬൱Ա֪
ղŻǼǧħ壬ת֮䣬ֻʣȵļ򣬻ǲȱضʬ壬һƬ޵
˵ħ壬߶ˣһͣ޷ţħǧ񣬾ʧˡ
󷽲޷ˣҲ˵ֻҪնɱʣµЩħ壬ཫȫʤ
ಣ
ʱ򣬴ħ󷽷ɹһӰޱȡ


1786 ɨǧ
𣡡
źֱ̫ˬˣδħ
ʱ򣬴ħ󷽣ٳһӰܿ챻˿壬Ȼ档
඼ɵˣ治ǱҶɱôð˳ǳĹ졣
ӣˣ
ֱӳ嵽˶ӵǰ֮⣬ط˲أֻжһЩ
ӿ棬ͻȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һö޴ƣֱӳѹ˹ȥħ׷ײ⣬ħʧأ֮ƣΪҪնɱ档
ͻȻ֣¶һЦݣͻȻǰ˹ȥ
쳷
һȣϧһͻȻըʮöһըЩħѹûзֱӱըɡ
Ϊ׼ͻȻðһ̣;ò
˷Եһʱͳ֣ϧһ
Щħֱӱɳȥ˵ˣüħֱӱըˣֻʣ¶ӹһվϡ
мȱȣڵϲϵİ򶼱ըˡ
ڴˣһжҶĹͣȻҲ֪ҶôģⲻҪˡ
汻Ҷ׽ԱɵӶղôԱ϶ҶǱħ֮вõġ
ѹҪ֮󣬶ǳʤ׷Ǹ沼ʱ䡣
ãһյ֮ǰħռݾԵƣ׵ѹࡣ
ת˹ռ˾ԵƣֻҪնɱӣཫȫʤ
еѹҶһϣ˶࣬ӶܻɱΨҶ㣬ֹ
Ҷ㣬ǲĸĹ
ɫĿ£űʬ壬δսۣδս
ҶһΣϵƣܸıսֵı仯
ˣܵҪͷݴ㣡
ҶζЦݣϴλ׽ʱҶ˵Ҫһݴӣܿˡ
Ҷ޺ģƲƲ죬ҶҲ̫ˣֻһУն˶ӵļǡ
Ԯжˣħʧأս˲бߣնɱҶ㣬Ȼħ岻ַɽˡ
úúãսɳʮ꣬һͷΪֹħĽŲֱǳ룬նɱ㣬ħһٽ
ϣͻȻɢϢƷħϢˣԶܲס׷ˡ
طϻˣǾһսɣ
ҶͻȻವһʧԭأӲһʧҵ֮У˸վ
ַһ飬ħļ֮Уɱˣһԣһ
ҵĳü֮ͬħ˲ɾش壬ΪϢ̫ǿˡ
尡
Сһ£켸ʮ˳˳ȥγ˼л̬
ħ屾͵ˣԽԽǿᣬʼѹħ壬һ£ɱ
̶̼ʱ䣬ĸ֮£}ڤİбħղŻǼˣ̶һ˲䣬ֻʣ¼ʮˡ
Ƹԣ˶Ըһħ壬ʣ¼ʮʼˣħȥ
ϧһ蹵޷Խ˻ȥͱ˺ѣ蹵֮У˺顣
սβħ˴ɫĿ£һжҶһ˸Ĺ
Ҷ㣬ҪѪȥǧħ壡
ֱһһɲħˣȻħޱȣһ紸һ趯ռͱˡ
ӣҪСģħĴǳһУܿͻᱻ飬ҪעһַĴ֮ʱ
վڵϣۿ˵սóĴҶ㣬һҪСģĴҲħʳһǳı
壡
Ҷϸϸȥռ֮УȻһЩŵķĴ֮˵ꡣ
ʱҶͻȻһһΣĴȻͬһ㡣
ϧҶ㣬ޱǿ󣬶ػѹܵĴӰ졣
˱ѹ
Ҷ˰˱Ĳϴ˱Ѿﵽ۷弫Ʒĳ̶ȣֻһ֮ңˡ
һǺ죬൱ڸ߼Ĵڡ
¡
ײһԭͲȱĿռ䣬øǻң֮УĿռ׵˺һħ塣
˵ȫشҪﶺ
Сһкٿ죬˳ˣħսѾȶˣпֱӱѣγһ޴ĺڶʱ᲻ܵ򣬱һء
ڶҶǿ岻ϵĳȥڶԽԽ
ֿɲֱʧΪ촷ۣȣСĿ
֮⣡
ҶһУ뿪˺ڶ򣬱ܿǿ
ҲһһѪɫĳħҶʹ֮֮ͬ
뿪Σٴսһ𣬸ֵʩչ
ܲ򵥣ȻҲôɱ¾иҶ֮£⼸ֵҶֺϷ
ͬǴɱ¾ʩչͬʽȴһ
ݱҶԼʮָݱɴɱ¾߻нȻͬ
Ҷ϶ʤһΪָǻһǳļӲֱ˺ѿռ䣬Ĵ˳ȥ
ħĻҶвֻҪҶη塣
дӡ
һö޴ӡǳˣݺݵĳȥޱȣ·ռ䣬ҶӡǷԲ
ƣ
ֱһҲһӡˣħһ似ǳһʩչ춼ӡܿ˺Ҷдӡ
ԶЩˣĿѣ룬Ѿ֮νֻ֣ܿѤʵķ
ııģ
ѣһСͺڶˣҪսȥɽ綼Ҫˡ
ɽ編ֻܳһƷʵﵽƷĳ̶ȣһɽ磬롣
Ȼȥħ壬Ҳ֮ս֮ϡ
ҶͻȻˣӵʵɲһƷԱ⣬ǳ֮ǿϳ´һ˿ɷ
ɷӰֵǣҶȻӰ켫С΢΢оӦ
ɱսϣϻ֮γһѹͨܲסѹ
˽սУ˭Ҳκ˲˭˴Ҳһ˽⡣
ҶϹž޲ֻս⣬Ʒһ壬Ҷ֮ܽնɱԼ˵Ҳһսһ
ϳһ˿֮ɫԼƷħʣȻҶƳƽ֣ҪǴħ磬Լк档
ǧħ徫񣬶ħǻĴȥҲŹΨһİ취նɱҶ㣬
ħҲˣҸ߹ˣ
ϳһ˿ԥ֮ɫҶųĿ˵


1787 ͷ
Ҷڹÿսܳɹŭ֣ѰһЩ
Ӿþɳһܱ⣬ҶμŭȻ侲еĴǷХ֮
ûʱҶĥƤӣնɱҶ㣬õļ֤ڴ½һħ͸ħɽ硣
ŷɹĴҶ˸Ųһ̤ϳһöö޴ĽӡǳĿֲ
ֻ֮ţѹȥ
ĴشҶ㿴ģҪᣬϵɢҶ㻯
ֱӼֻ֮ţĴѹȥ
¡
ĴͻȻ֮ϵҶѹסˣɲֻ֮ŻֹЩٴѹ
ĴҪˣ
ħˣ֮ħҶлᣬִħ磬ԺħԼĴӪˡ
ͳħʲû˸Ҳӡ
ǧ磬ҶҪƹأҪƹÿһ磬ƾһɽ绹
ֻ֮ŲϵѹȥܿĴѹƵ˵ϣһ޴ӡ
һһӡγ⻷ҶݺݵײȥҲħһֶΡ
޳޻ã
ǶԼһִǳҪǧһЩĻҪǿ
Լܴ֪츳ôߣҪǽնɱƿ϶ħ𶯡
ܵܳһԻɫʣҶʧȥ˶Ϣ޳޻÷ǳĹŹ֣Ȼıظ֣·һƬء
ƷħʣҶ㻹кܴѹһħͷʢĶ顣
ߵǬת
Ҷԥֱʩչ˴ܿռתǬߵ
޳޻ʧˣÿ޳޻ã׵Ľ֮ƽ⡣
Ҷ׵ƵԼϳһ˿֮ɫԼ޳޻ãƷһս֮ȴҶ嵭дƽôܲ𾪡
ϧʩչʵ̫ͣ
޳޻õȷǺõĵԼҲ׿Խˡ
Ĵֻ֮ѹڵ£޷ֻлɱҶ㣬ջĴ
޳޻ҲҶƵôƽ
Ҳ㳢ҵĵˣ
ҶһֱǱ˿̾Ȼֱʩչ˴ǳĿɲ
һʩչռ䶼סˣԶĺڶǿʧһֱӱ˱ǡ
ֳ棬Ȼ֮ɫЩ࣬ױҶֶ۷Ҷһ˿֮ġ
˾ηĤݣΪ߲һˡ
ɽѾɲҶ㣬Ψ磬Ҷս
ǹɴ̹ǵĺ⣬ϱ䶯ʮսδǱ
ǡ
ռ䱻סˣĴʱ䶼ֹܾ֪
ĿǰҶʵܱסռ䣬ѾǼˡ
׺
Ӷһöĺɫ޸ҲһħȻĴϾǱ
꣡
һȥһסĿռ䱻ѣ޷סӵ壬ֻٶȡ
ԣɱƷԣԸƷħʣһѶȣǡ
һһԲǧףƿһƬ򣬲ٶȡ
ʽ
Ҷԥɱʩչ߱ʽ
ԷҲһø֣Ҷһܿռ䶼ֹĿ˽֡
ʱȫ⵽˽޷ԭء
ҶޱŰԵһٴһ䣬ҶĸֶΣ
һɨҶײȥҪģڵҶ㣬ھԵǰʤҶ̫࣬һ硣
ģ
ͬͻȻһ𣬽ĳһ䣬ҽ˵ϣ˱壬궼ڻ
ӴԺħսһƬκǰ뵽һս¡
һ𵹷ɳȥԻ˴˵ϣѪ䵽֮ϡ
ۣ
һѪҶҲ⣬ǳ֮󣬶Ʒħ൱ƷҪƷ߳ܶ⾳
ҲһһƷΪƷĵƷΪƷߵƷΪƷ
һƷƷ಻Ǻܴ󣬵ƷƷͺܴ
ƷƷҲһܶһͣƷϣ޷ٽһ
˴˶ʹұۣӶԷ֮УܿһĨ𺳣ҶԪԿƷﵽƷҲֻǸӴһƽ֡
һұĸоʧˣҶɫֱָһɱٴξ
ҲָܿɱⰻȻ£ɢīɫĹâһ¶˱ޱɲ
𣬶ӻ£һѪ֮ǳսۻġ
ΪһɺɫĹâƿһֱͨӳҶǰƷǳ֮ǿᡣ
úã
Ҷ㲻ɱΪһƥն£ֱӻΪһͷһͳڶߡ
߸ͬȴ֮ͬ˿Ŀѣˣγ֣ƷѾǵ֪Χ
ϣ
һĽܿռȥڵĳ涴֣֮ǿ˲קȥ
һһʵֲ٣ѷֳʤ񷱻򴩣ɿݣɽӶѣһƬĩյĳ
־ĶǵĻ棬һ˿ʮңҺҶõȻ࣬˿
ƾһˣͿԺɨɽ磬ħδٽѾһʧ׼

Ҷһʩչ˴Ӱӵǡ
Ȼһ֣΢΢һЩң֪롣
ʱ
Ҷٴʩչ˴ʱıʱ䣬ʱ任ռ䣬ѾһƬأħսս뵽һʱա
Ȼʱ䣬Ϳ˿ռ䣬սһƫҶ㣬ӷоѹԽԽЩףҶ㲻Ʒʵô˿ֲ

һö޴ˣݺݵĳѹɲĳ̶ȣöٴһ䡣
ԭʱٶȣΪҶĿʱ䣬ÿһιҶʮ׵Ķܡ
¡
Ȼ£鱻У޷ȥ

ǿѹӺԥѡ˱ѪǳȻһͷ۵ħ壬ʵٴһ
е˼
Ҷ¶һĻߣħ츳ǿÿһαʵ
ͷۣټӷǳĲ򵥡
նɱħ˵ҲһĴԺ磬ôס
նͷۣ
Ҷ㲻˷ϲֳ֮ˣֳɱ¾֮ʩչԴܶζܣԴһԴ


1788 ɽׯ
ԴֵĵطʤУȻǧ֮вǺܿǰǡʱʹã֮
ǧǧʲôʱʹá
˿̣ԴͷǳʵãŶû취ڳԸҶ㣬Դѹ
һĶãҶʩչֵѹƶӣɱ¾֮ϲֵ֮£öٴ׽⡣
֮ţ
ٳ޷жĲӣҶ֮š
ʱ֮䣬֮ϴǵһɲŻˣɫͻȻһ䣬Ҷô˵Ŀɲ
ģ
ֱ֮ӽѹȥм첲ը飬һԴɱ¾֮ûնϡ
ղŻͷۣתֻ֮ʣԴĸֱˡ

ӷһУҪȴҶһδεѹر֮ţûо
ұ
֮£ѡԱһԴ֮ɳȥɲĳҶƷɳȥ
һѪҶ㲢ù
ȻҶռƣҶʩչ˶ٵˣ޷ɱӣĲ࣬ôֲ
ǿԪޱǿĵ⣬ֲ֮Ĳࡣ
ӣǭ¿ˣڳһаɣ
ֻʣһԴĸֱۣҶвҶսȻɽҪܲסˡ
컯֮ţ
Ҷһʩչ컯֮ţȻ֮䣬ðһӿɲϢ컯֮Ҫ֮ŻҪǿ
֮ػ컯֮ѹͬҶҪ컯֮ţѹסӡ
ܵ컯֮ŵң֪ҪնɱҶ㲻ˡ
ѹħڽڰˣ⵽ҶնɱⲻɺϣҶնɱƷħʵֶΡ
ƷħʶҪնɱħҪռɽ磬Ҫˡ
¡
컯֮£ӱѹ棬޷Աը컯֮ţԼҲԶˡ
Ҷ㣬ҪǵɱңҸһŹ㣡
޷һɽݺݵѹļϣһ
ԭöҲ̰֮һΪ˵ʲô׳ء
ҶЦһЩƲӣԭǰƽȣΪݸ߹󣬶
κ˶ֲˣħˣҲһǰ¶־֮ɫ
ҶһϺһһ⼸ʮ裬һƷѹˣҪǴħ磬϶ᱻЦ
Ҷ㣬ҲףɽкֵάֻҪϸħ磬Ժͳһɽ磬ֶΪһøóһ
׻׻գϣҶܰħ壬һͳɽ֮һҶ
ջ˶Ծܾһɽ罻Լһ磬˭ֵܵ
ҶϺޱ飬ûʲôʮ䵭
غϣħ岻
Ҷøͣĸ飬ħ⡣
ɫʮѿһɽ֮Уӧ鵽̶ȣѾ޷ˡ
ʲôԿ㽻ɣ
Ҷɱ¾֮ڶӵĲϣʵ
Ҷ㣬ɱңڵģħ׷ɱ
ӵȻģûӣսյĳ̶ȣѾǳѿˡ
ģ㿴һˣ
Ҷ㽣һɨӵԴ֮ǰŭɣ֪ǶôĿ
ħͻȻһŭ𣬶ӵıͻȻ飬Ҳ˵ˡ
Ϣħ壬Ϣ̫ˣսʮ꣬δйܼ
ֻǳɽһΣ䣬Ϣħ̫ˡ
ħʳ֮Уһȣܿħ壬׼ǰɽ鿴׷ʲô顣
ϧħսѾˣʱħۼ𣬲ʸռ䶼
ŶӵԴҶӰӻ֣޾ʱ֮˳
𡭡
߷ˣӵԴһأҶӮˣɹնɱƷħʡ
ӮˣӮˣ
ҿʼ໥ӵǰԹǴ˿̣ӯûгޣֻꡣ
ܿ죬ƽһվԭأһĹ֮ɫ
ħʱڹɽˣսʤħ磬ǴҵĹͣǹûڿԻصɽ磬صԼļ԰ž۰ɡ
ҶȴһɴԣȾˡ
֮ΪػˣػԼˣħ塣
ҶׯǰеĵطڴǰǶˡ
ϴˣǰҶĶԹԹƮȥ
ڴǰǸҶ̫ˣɽ˶Ҷһ̫ƽ
ǰѾȥˣɽ罫һƽڣȥúɣ
Ҷ˿ٲȻΪɽĻɽȨκ˲÷
ϲ⣬һʼɽУϢȥ
֮ҶսʤħϢɽÿһ䣬رһսֱǾ
Ҷ㾹Ȼħ壬ըħǧˣΪһ棬Զ޷ƵĴ档
Ҷ̣֮꺢ͯ˶̸ۡ
֮󣬾ɽׯһϢǳʼյӡ
֪ɽׯɽ粻һţǶ壬Ǽ׷ǰϺףɽׯ
ҳĵ죬ҶŮɻʽҲϲϼϲҶĸԸ
ɽ磬˭ķɽǰףأֻҶ
̶̼ʱ䣬ɽׯˣҶֹͣգѾγ˽ݵʽҪˡ
ӷˣ󲿷ֶﵽ˸߼ɻϲ㡣
յŸŵӣ
ףʮʱ䣬ɽׯϹЩǰףصҲ׷ȥ
ΪҶ˷ǳĺ񣬵ƾҩöֺĲϣǳ֪֮࣬ɽׯ𲽣Щ衣
Ҷ㲻ȱǵҩʮȱҪƣֻҪɾͿˣҲѩ̿
Ϲ֮Ҷ˵ãԺҩԴԴϵ
ҹҶԺ棬Ů죬һЦﴫȥʮͣҲû˷ɹˡ
ׯׯ
һ˽ҶİȫÿÿҹҶԺΧ򲻵ѣ̤ҶԺӡ
ɣ
ҶʾýɽϾԼôˡ
ܿ죬ɴ˽ı仯Ըøӳ죬Ҳһ֮ϡ
ׯ
ɳҶʩһ󳯼Ů׷ʩ
ؿ£Ǻһ
Ҷýɲض£˺þûȾˡ
ԥһ£֪ҶԸ񣬲ϲˡ
ŮʮʶȤ׷뿪̸£Ǵ룬صԼס
ɣ
Ҷ潪ƣƱ˺һ
ɶƱһЩҪҶ㣬ĵλ


1789 ׼
Ҷ㲻ʣֻǸɺžƣԼҶ㲻ȥʣӦܲµһЩ
ׯжׯݣ
ɷ¾Ʊ˵˳жׯݣһͨˡ
ɣ
ҶûлشԻǲԣҪһĽ͡
ҵǱܰɽׯһѾǼޣٽһׯ츳綼뿪ɽ磬ʱɽׯûĹǣһ֧֮š
˵ʵɽׯ֮Էչô죬ΪҶ㡣
Ҷ㲻ˣͳЩˣȻû˸ҷҶϣ˵ʲô
ɽׯչԼ͹ⲻȥϾɽׯǰڣǽһִ˵ׯְλǽĪ
Ҷ˼һ£˵ʵ飬ƿ˵ţȷʵЩΪˡ
ɱϾǲݸԹǺУҪʲôģʮּ򵥡
˵˵뷨
ҶûżӦȻԼ϶˶ԲߣȻԵ޹ʵǰҶжׯݡ
ׯ滰Ǽٻ
һദɶɽׯָƣһЩ鵱ȻҲʮ͸
滰
Ҷ㲻ҪٻķеĻҶ̫ˣر⼸죬ǰףصһǰķС
ɽׯųϵ˶ׯӷģɽׯģͣûиı䣬֮ɷĹ˲Ź
һģǿǳӦ֡
ڶǵĹ츳ǷȱģҿԴһԸոľ飬ֻɽׯܷչ׳󡣡
һֱæŴɽׯҲҪһʱһ£ȥߣɽׯҵĺӣׯĿ꣬϶ֹɽһɽׯô򵥣ҪׯҾõѡ
һ˵ɣֻһɣҶȥˡ
ׯû˱ȽϤֻʵѡ
Ϊɽׯųɵ˶ǷģγԼĸ֣Ҫȥȷʵѡ
ڼϽɹ츳˾ͷ޷ٽһҲɽׯķչ
ۺɲҵҶ㣬жׯݡ
еҫɶˣ˿ˣѵʱ䣬ɽʷϣ϶¼һʡ
ɽׯĳҲɺͣѾԡ
Ѿˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Ķʵ飬֤Ҳǿ˺ܾãҵҶ㡣
ˣׯͬͬ⣬Ѿˣ
ֻǸҶһΪ뵢ɽׯķչʱΪˡ
ҿǼ죬֮Ҹ𸴣
ҶԴһѵ⣬ý£жĥɱ¿ĸо
紫ԣ϶˵ҶԼˣȶˣѽȥ
Ϊ˲ֻͣȥɫ۾顣
⼸죬Ҳ𽥽齻ȥҪжׯ֮λҵʵλãܸõĸҶ㡣
֮ҶϢΪһׯûǧĶһһԺ䣬Ϊɽׯ̫ϳϣܸԴ
ҶϢһɢɽׯ𶯣ܶ˶⣬죬ΪҪжԼׯ֮λ
źĽɽׯҲǿԽݣһ̫ϳȫʸ
϶ɽׯ˴ףûнɣҲûľɽׯ
ȴʲôҲûҪֻҪһ̫ϳϵݣڿȫ׸ɽׯ
Ϊûɽׯûûнɽյĵλ
жׯְںܶ飬䵽ҶϣҪѡһׯҶ
ҵ飬ֱѾϹ󲿷ʱֻǸһЩС飬ȥ
˼δᣬһΪӦׯλãϧܾ
һڲˣúõԼӣɽڶһ㶼ӳиҵиҵģһξܾʮָɴࡣ
վһƼ˾н־ɽׯ
ϾڷʱȻ󲿷ﶼ˾ڴ쵼ɽׯû⡣
ιΪׯ¼ҲǸׯ˾С
л֮࣬ܽӽԴӦ֣κεĸҡ
ֱҵĸӹɣɽ磬û˱ֱӺʡ
ɽƽڣħˣħʳȴޱŨأһϢݻȥ
ɽ֮УħڱУ˭֪·ɱһҶ㣬ħеĲ֡
ħˣҶʮֹŹ֣ڷʱ򣬾Ŵαߣɽ磬ֻħһδٽӲɱͷ֮ޡ
ʳ֮УЩħ߷׷׹վ棬ħ͡
ħȻ൱һ㣬ǵľʦ߸ħʳΪΪһħ
ҵĶӲҪšԴ
ħһ֮ɫɢڵħʮֿɲļħȻ˵
ħҾСӲɽ綺̫ãյʱ򣬴ϢѾﵽ˶Ʒò˶ãͻ磬Ҫɱֻܵõлˡ
һħʮֹ˵
ǶȥɣѾ˰ţ
ħ˰֣Ƕȥɥ֮ʹ䣬˱ޱ
ɽһͣҶƽʱʱǸŮ죬ʱλֵܺѺȺȾƣҲ⡣
һžһ֣֮˼һ¡
Ҷʱ룬ˣ򸴺ȫͣЪɽһһڡ
Ҷʦ֣ʲôʱ磿
ҶʵɽվҶ㳤֮أΨ磬ܳɾ֮λ
һֱڵȣҶ㷵磬أǲл᷵ȥܻԻ͡
ʱѣҶҪԶĴɽ磬һԶӣɷ򣬺ֵܣӣǣҲĥ˵־
һ꣬򼸸£
ҶҲȥ־Ҫĥûˣʱڵ磬
ñط꣬ҶҪ뿪ˣһƬĬû˵
Ҳһ֪˵ʲôҲһεķֿΪһθõطꡣ
ǺңʶҶ㣬˲һҶ㣬Ҳڷ硣
һȥҶڶ˷ӣ˸ĸҲһʱˣĸʵҲ֪ɽ粻Ҷ㡣
ȥԼذɣõҸ㸸ס
ҶĸҶԴɽ磬ж˼ϵΣҪĿľɽˮҶȥȥҪԼǰ̡
Ƿİɣò˶ãǻ۵ģֻҪͨɽͨǾͿʱˣ
Ҷ˵ͷɽͨѾãʱԴɽ紩󵽷֮С
ʱˮ飬׼磬ͨ磬Ժɷ磬ܹᴩ
ǸŮһÿϣҶ㣬ЩŮҶһ
ӵĶӣȻ΢΢¡ҶҪˡ
ӣ㸸Ҫȥȥˣ㸸׵Ļع飡
ӣһĴȰ֮ɫЩӣŮΧڻߣû뵽ӵһҶĺӡ


1790 
»ʽѾҶʽӣÿ϶Ҷ㣬ӵһҶĺӡ
Ҷûʩչκȥ鿴кŮΪ˵ŮҪҪǣҶҪˡ
ŮһһҶγﲻᣬڴȥ־Ҫĥһɶرǵӵ٣Ҷ᲻á
Ҷ磬İɣȺǻչ˺õģǵҲ´λѾẰˣ
˹ۿЩʪ󣬿Ҷ뿪ǴǳĴ
ǻӻУҶῼǴһ뿪ڲˡ
ϴεɽ磬һӣ֮£żˮҶ㲻صޣһһӣǲ㡣
ηɽ磬ҶûиĺңֻһЩǳҪõ˲֪ͨˣû֪ͨš
ΪҶ㲻ϲ̫֣ĵʱ־ۼھɽׯٳٲԸȥ
ҶչأȰ֮ڷ磬ֻм֪ҶѾˣʱѾ硣
һС;¥УһӶУüˣҶûκĿģµ磬µĿʼ
ȻҶ磬ĵطݷǳ֮Զȫһط
Ʒλ̫ߣҲ̫ͣЩλˣߵҲһЩĽ֮
𲽣ҶǰУʮᣬҵĽ
ҪҸط˵ޱǿΨе˸߼ſԷУäĿĸ·ǳʺϣ
ҶЦһһȰչϤĻ
ϰףںδҪҵƪ
ҶһߺһڸĽ죬ȽϤ϶֪һô
˴ǳ֮ԶͻƵ߼ܵȥ취ƪ
ĽҲ̾Ϣһɽ絽磬߲̫ˡ
Ȼڴӵײ𣬵ҶҲҪһʱӦ
ֻȰڴˣѰͻƾ磬ûԴԼ²ͻƵ߼
Ҷ̾Ϣһɽ粻ȱԴǵ磬ҶǳϡȱҪͻƵƷҪԴ񾧶ѻ
λ͹Ϊγü
ҶһֱüʱС˹ѯʵ
С֪гǿʲôط׬ǮԴ
ҶڼȱԴСʵ
гǼѧԺʦҽȥֻҪһʦְλûԴ𡣡
СʮϤгǵĻȻݳǴ󣬵ҲɽһǴü൱һС
ʦ
ҶһͷˮԼ˴ڰľ֮⣬û˾ĵʦ⻹һְҵ
û⼸ѧԺںгǵλܸߣ磬кܸߵĵλҪܻһʦһӲ÷ˡ
ҶˣС˵
лָ̣
Ҷóһö񾧣Ǵлܿ뿪С¥
Ҷ뿪С¶һ˿֮ͬɫ
Ҫʦ֮ѣٸ߼ȥһЩʶԴһͼҪʦֿ֪
ֻһҶ㵱Ȼ֪С뷨ѾѧԺȥ
һ飬Ҷ˺гǵĻĴѧԺյӣÿѧѷǳ֮
ż٣ܶ඼ѧԺʽڣȡԴӣѧҵгɣȻ뿪Ż
ĴѧԺ綼պǿ
ֱǶѧԺѧԺսѧԺԼĴѧԺ
ܶ༶ӵ͵ȵߵȶУһЩʶҪޣܶ๦¢ˣԼ޷
ڣ¥ǲţһЩǲ֮أ˸ѧ
ѧԺֿҵˣȡԴһãĸָɽЩͬ
ҶһݵͼѧԺֱȦϣԼһѧԺѧԺҶȥԡ
ҪܳΪʦãи֮ˡ
ҶĿǰ磬ҪʦôףϾѧԺܶѧĿѧģϹģҲųˡ
磬ǵײ㣬ֻеʾһĵλ
һʱ䣬ҶڿѧԺҪԼĻҪΰռطԲҪһŻҪǿ
ֻػѧԺŴҶ濴˹ȥһŽңнѧ似йҲеȵȣҶ㶼ܿ
ҶûóȻȥȻǿģ϶˿أóȻȥŪû⵽
Ȼʱ䣬Ӵź߳ߣһ֮ɫӾͲôѺá
ʲôģǱѧԺѾʱ䣬ɣ
ҶƷΪҶҪѧԺѧϰ֪ʶ
˼λǰȥʦﻹ𣿡
Ҷʮֿʩһڡ
໥һۣǷֱ¶һ˿֮ɫ˼Ҷ磬Ҳʦѧʸ
ȥȥȥˣѧԺʲôèܽȥģ
߰˰֣ҶϽߣǵʱ䡣
ҶҪ˵ѾʧˣصѧԺڲҶ˫ȭѧԺۿ˵ͣҶֻ֡
ȻѧԺУҶֻøһĿĵأѧԺϣʦ
Ҷ㲻ѧΪҲûԴӦԴѹʲôƨѧԺ
⼸ʱ䣬ҶԴҲĵĲˣҲ֮أҪ¶޽ͷ
Ҷ㵱Ȼȥ٣磬ҲʲôõԴʱҶͣ㣬ǰѧԺ
ȥˣҶпʼɬɽļƷɾĵʣ޼񾧣ͻƶƷʱĴ
ѧԺںгϲռȻѧԺһĴѧԺ֮УѧԺΪϡ
ϴεӣҶʮСģΡ޴ɽţһҶ̤ȥ
һŷݽʮйɣÿһǽϣ̻֣·缸
䳡ϣѧӺ꣬Ե似
飬Ҳ飬Ҳи߼飬ʦԶȣָΪ
վס
һȴҶ㣬ΪҶפԶЩܷܷѧӣȻЩԡ
ϵͳȻϸ£ÿһڶʵ쾡£ǳУҶһʱںδ
ɽ磬ҶΪԼ̵ĴܳɹˣǵȣԼĽѧдߡ
Ҷ㣬ðǰֻһ£ѧԺʦ𣿡
ҶʮֿˣԼĿ˵һ顣
Ҫʦ
һʮҵһ֮ɫҶһ¶֮ɫ
û
Ҷ˵ͷȷԼĿġ
ܽʲô
ӵûֱӾܾҶ㣬ȻԷˣ϶ҪѧԺֱӸҶ˳ȥ
Ҷһ£Ҷ㻹û뵽似ǵ⣿ҶѹûΪֻҸ֮ء
̵似ɣ
ҶѡһΪ似ԼóҲй¶Լ̫Ķ


1791 
˼ҶΪԼ̵似ΪʣϾЩҶ似һ;ǳľտ
ãȻˣֻҪܻʸǶѧԺ
ÿѧԺȱʦΪѧԽԽ࣬ĺʦȴָǳѰ
ѧԺҶһλᡣ
ʦǵѧ
кһǱѵһ༶ͻȻֹͣ˹
⣬кʲôϾĴѧԺӣҪץʱ
Ϻεܲʹ죬ǴѧԱ˹
ҪǶѧԺʦ̵似ѾˣһѧԱֻҪ֣ܶʸǶѧԺ
򵥵˵һ飬ϺδƷңֵµѧԺ󲿷ֶƷƷҡ
У
Ϻһȣһ˳ɢһĽЩѧԱ֮Уһ֡
ȻСҪǶѧԺ͸һλᣬסҪ̫ѿ
Ϻ¶ЦݣһԵǶЦˣҶ˿̲ףǾȻԼ̣ѹûԼѧԺ
СӣһССĶƷҲҪܹʦЩǶʦˣҽ̽㣬һɫ
ܿλʦ˼ÿʮֿòЩȤȻϴ
һЩѧԺŮŮȫЦЩӿѰ
Ҷ˫ȭգŭѹĿǰʵ϶ܸѧԺ⣬ƾһʦܻɱԼ
ô˵棬Ҷ㱻ܼʮ˵ĳЦҶˡ
ѧԺҲҲգ
Ҷ˵꣬תߣֻܸ衣
ߣȳһ˵
һΣҶǰסҶȥ·
磬ɽɾֲܷУϷƣӳĳ̶ȣҶһ£͸ɽɾֵࡣ
Ҫ֣
ҶʵƷѣҶ㻹
СӣֻҪܳȻ뿪ȻһŴȥ
һҲһݽɫϬɢϢҶͬͬ⣬һͳҶϮ
ܿɲĽ⣬ҶѾ޴ɱܣֻܱأһɱ¾֮ˡ
ϣ
һоֱһ飬Ҷ㷴ǳ֮󣬾ȻЩԵֵ
ʦʦҲɫһ㶣磬Ȼһսƽ֡
棬ǲṵ̂һƷˣǶˣ
ԶЩѧԱһʼ壬ųЦ֮ɫɫࡣ
Сӣˣ
ܵѧԱĳЦ潫еŭйҶϣΪһжҶĴ
Ҷû˵ѧԺҶסˣһ죬̤Ϊƽء
˸һȫɱУҪҶأܸݡ
ҶֻһУԴɵĻԷĹ޷͸Ҷķ
Ǻܿ죬ԷӴϾƷʵȻ鲻£Ҷоѹ
ֱһһǿϢע뵽ɱ¾֮У߱ʽ
ϣ
ٴαɳȥҶҲ𣬶ԷƣԼѾ뿪ˣȴٳٲϰݡ
Ҷʩչ˷֮⣬ֱӳǰһɨĲӴ
ŵˣɫһƬҰףĿҶ㳤ڲӲλҶ̫ˣ涼Ӧ
ݣ
ڴʱһâˣֱӻҶĳһҶƫ˹һ䣬Զ
˰гˣһȻҶ㳤㲻նɱ棬Ҳõȥ
ѧԺҲˣ
Ҷɱ¾֮Ѿ֪˭ֵˣǵĵʦղųֻһεΣ
Сӣ֪ǶѧԺʲô
εʦɫԼѧԺ㱻Ҷɱôܲŭ
ѵѧԺҪ컯֮Ҫɱ˲ɣֻǹԣǾȻķʽԴǿЦ
ҶЦѣˣѧԺܷܲŹԼҶҲҪԼĶ˵
ѧԱһŭĿӣ׷ҪֽѵҶһ٣ȴ⵼ʦסˡ
ȻɱǰӦƸĵʦȥԺ˭ѧԺ˵ʦˣѧԺһ⡣
һ㻵ˣѧԺ϶ӭϣʱѧԺԱĴѧԺ֮׵ĵλ
߰ɣѧԺģ
⵼ʦ˻֣ҶϽ뿪öۡ
Ҷҧأ̤˶ѧԺĴţļסˣ衣
Ҷ뿪ɫĿ£ѧԺֻ֣ܳҪҶ㻹ںгǣлҳҶ㣬Ա֮
ѧԺѧԺ֮ҶʣµѧԺʲôõĽˡ
ĲпҪɽ绹ҪңҶĴ̼ˣϴ֮󣬾ȻūĴڣҶ֪ǳ֮пᡣ
ɽڲпᣬҲڷūһƶȡ
磬ȫǹϵķϹʱڵƶȣ硣
ƣ壬ҶҵһСͿջǳãȶԸһϣȥսѧԺ
ɫһҶսѧԺѧӴ߽ȥ
ЩѧԱҲסѧԺ֮УҲһЩס棬ܶ඼ǸһЩӣǰѧϰ֪ʶ
ҶһεݽԼļҶԼģһЩس֮࣬˽ܡ
ӴҶһߣͰǰңսѧԺҶӡǳ졢ء
Ĳ˼սѧԺʦҪʦˣҪҪһɨĵʦƽʱʱûжٻֻѧԺѧϰ
̾ϢһĿǰսѧԺȱһɨȱʦˡ
лǰָ㣬мȻˣȥط
ҶɨɱɽǳַƵҪɨգԺ硣
Ҷ뿪߼æµµһֿʼˡ
һĿ꣬ѧԺڲյʦҶֻ÷뷨ˣĵҸطסһʱ˵
ʵڲУ׬ȡһЩԴȶ
ѧԺڶ棬սѧԺһ½ѧԺּĹѧԺȣǲųǧѣ̿϶ѧԺѧԺȡ
ǧ귢չǳ֮Ѹ٣Լ׷ѧԺơ
ѧԺһȻǶѧԺڶѧԺǾѧԺսѧԺ
ӴҶһŮӣʮ꣬ѧΪѧԺѧӲ࣬ʦԻǴűǸı顣
뿪ѧԺѾǻƻˣĴѧԺҶȫ̤㣬һԸҶ㡣
弫ƣʱһֱæŸ·Ҷ˶һȦ
Ŀĵڴϣ֪һСĹϣ׷׵ݻƵҶѾ붬ˡ
ણડ
һϣરવһ鷺Ƶľ屻棬дżвǺ塣
̫ѧԺеʦ
˸֣ҶǰȻģܾˣҶ㻹һ˳


1792 ̫ѧԺ
Ҷԭûע⣬ֻäĿĸ·ҲǱરſ˹ȥ
̫ѧԺ
ҶһͷˮڵͼϸѰңȴҲ̫ѧԺ֮أҶҲˣгֻĴѧԺ̫ѧԺðġ
ľ滭һͷָ˵·ǰԶ
ˣȥɣ
Ҷ㼸Ҫ뻹ˣˣҸĵطͲˡ
˳żͷ߹հ˹գߵĶС̺ӰʮƫƧ
ҪõĴųҶǰһƾɵǶͷϣĴֳ֣̫ѧԺ
ʮģ֪Ҳûˣ·϶Ϊƶߡ
֨
Ҷƿôţ¸ˡ
Ժ棬ֻǧƽСĴѧԺȣѧԺֻһƽ˼ҴСֻɰѧ
Ժ棬һɨŵ棬ѾЩҶԺӣ߻㣬ʮйɵ趯
Ҷ㾹ȻЩˣÿһǣص⣬·˿̲ɨأǸ뵽һ
ȿȡ
Ҷɿ˼ֽ࣬Լϣһֱɨڣᷢǰ
˽߷㣬Ҷ߿˹͵ӣҲֱͦ˲١
λӣ̫ѧԺ𡣡
߻һղصˣһ̰֮ɫ˵ֱҶ㳯ȥ
ҶκξܾĻᣬһѱ׼ˣЩƺü궼ûùгĺۼ
ӡͺˣԺ̫ѧԺˣȥ֮ʲô飬̫ѧԺ㡣
һӣҶͬͬ⣬ֱǿеӡҶԷҶ޷
ǸǰǿƸʦҲģ
Ҷһͷߣ߼궼ûһѧԱˣԲȲҶˣŴҴҰ
Ҫʦ
Ҷʦģһ㶣ܿϻָ
Ҫʦ
Ҷ˵ͷȷ˵ԼɲʲôѧҶҲûԴˣܲӶһ⡣
ҲУ̫ѧԺҲǧˣʦҲĸ֣ھʹȥҡ
ʮʹ죬ҶѧҲãʦҲգֻҪˡ
Ǹǰʦʲôÿٺ»٣
Ҷͣס壬ĵģѧԺ׬ȡԴͻƾ磬Ҫ̸
𡭡
һƬΪ֮ɫƺݡ
ңÿѽѧɡ
Ҷǳˣ̫ѧԺһӣĶҲˣҪʦ
̫ѧԺڴڷչ׶Σȵǹģ׳ȻһݹɷݣҪֻǰ棬ҪԶ
ߺƤ˵Ҳһͨ죬ҲǿķǣסҶ˵
Ҷ㳹ˣ̫ѧԺȻһѧԺĸûУʦǰ״򹤡
Ǹ˰ɣһ£
ҶߵĴ֣뿪̫ѧԺоԼϵˡ
λӣûв´һѴ޴ҵ̫ѧԺȻڴѴǿԸһ֮أԺչˣڿǷ뿪Ǹá
ͻȻ֮䣬߻һģ˿ޱȸߴһһ㣬ϵϢղӸ룬һǿߡ
ҶͿˣԼ˴ʵǸ߼ǿߣۼҶﰵԾ
һ۾ͿҶ˼ֻ۲ſԣѵԼˣ
ҶҲһͷˮԷǿߣҶ㻹ҪǿǣҲлõ۵ָ㣬ҶİǳĴ
úÿһ£̫ѧԺǾӢӣһһĴڣһںгǾܴţԺûѧԱԴǻǹ
׻׻գҶĶˣͼӴס
ãҿԿһ£Уһ뿪
Ҷ˼һ£ǴӦˣҸĵط˵취
ҶӦʮֿģָֻһģ§Ҷ㳯ķȥ
ʮƾɣһ紵ᵹƫƫʺĵطһѧԺ
ǰǽңҴȥʦҵ
߹հ˹գһƾɵΧǽϼҪ̨ףڿһң洫Ů˵
콲Ŀζס𣡡
дԣ䲻󣬸ǽڣҲһ
ܿ촫Ӧûּ飬Ӧһ㡣
֨
ƿҵĴţӡľҶҪᱼ
棬ϡϡ˲ʮˣ˽ʮһߡ
˵ľӢ
Ҷ㳹ˣʮһ棬ŹӣȽϺõģҲޡ
ȱ첲ȣҶ̫ѧԺҵô༫Ʒ
Ҷ㲻ǳǣֻǸоԼϵƭˡ
վ潲εһŮӣò毺ãƤףһŮ޳ģһ׽£ĳֳ
ˣŮҲеĶ˹
ףʲô
߾ȻŮӵĸף˺Ȼһġ
Ҹҽһ£ʦԺ̵似
ߵ˵ͷҶ߽ҡ
һӭ
ҲҶߵһȹƣôһӭ
ЩѧԱ׷׹ƣӭʦ
ȿȣûʲô֣
߲˼ĿԼղһֱæŴҶδѯ֡
Ҷ㣡
ҶѾˣﰲ˵˰취뿪
ãҶʦڿΣ͵˽Ҷȥɣ
¿ΣЩѧʼ׼ؼҡ
ʦټ
ÿ˶ߵҶǰҶһ뿪ҡ
ǵıӰҶֲɣĸомѧԱֱϣȻǱնϡ
߰ɣȥסĵط
Ҷϳһ˿֮ɫߵ˵ͷҶ㳯סĵطȥ
ֻһŷݣһļ䣬סһ䣬Ůסһ䣬ʣһңһȻҶ㡣
ɫ𽥰죬ŮʼȻ磬ԲȲҪǲһЩʳ廹кôġ
Էˣ
Ůһ䣬Ҷӷ˳
㸸أ
ֻԼһˣҶʵ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˽̫ѧԺԨԴʷ
û뵽֮ǰ̫ѧԺںгҲǺ켫һʱڶԺ֮ϡ
ΪһʣԺһҹ֮įӡ
ùȳ԰ɣ
ŮʢһҶǰֻһСӣǿ¡
ѧԺֻʣǸŮˣԺŮǵʦ
ǲǺܺ棬ǸŮΪҪƵԺ
Ҷ֣ŮͷҶ̫ʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ⣬ŮҲǸ߼ʵǿɲûбҪ


1793 ѧ
Ҷȷʵ棬ϣ˲òɣΪ
ŵ
Ů½ӢҶֻóƺ½ϣ֣Ϊ֪½ӢҲ˵
ҸΪһŵӦ̫ѧԺһȾꡣ
½ӢҲΪֵǸִţΪŮȻȫ֧֣ӳڣһֱ̫ѧԺ
Ҷ˺ܶ⣬½Ӣ֪޲ԣȫش𣬱ϾԺҪദһʱ䡣
Щӿƶ˼ңѧ𣿡
Ҷ̾Ϣһע⵽ˣǶʮѧ·ʮãԲǮ˼ңҲǴ塣
ǿ϶𰺹ѧѣҶ㲻ף̫Ժʲôάȥ
Ƕѵģ
½ӢĻҶٴδ㵣ѵԸŮӽˮˣŸˡ
֮Уɥʧ˸ĸҲ˼ƶ࣬ϲѧĵײ㣬ѧһ㶫ȥܿͻᱻߵū̫ѧԺܰǵҲֻôˡ
½Ӣ·һƽ飬Ҷ˿ȴˣ⸸ŮˣȻ黳ʵ
ͷû˭ȥǲȡԴṩһط似ȷʵҶЩж
ҶҲƶȻ֪ڵײһʹ飬ûԴûк̨һжҪԼ
̫Ժٲһᣬֻܱūг
뵽ūгҶһ񺮣ǲƶһѣͱūߵĿ֮У겻⡣
㲻ԸǣҲǿ󣬱ϾûбĽ̵ȥģ
½ӢҶʮΪѣѧı궼ûС
İɣȻҴӦˣҿ϶ľĽ̵
ҶԳУᷴڣȻӦˣ϶ᾡĵȥ̵ǡ
˺ܶ࣬ҶҲǸŮ˵𺳡
¼һ򵥣Ǽ꣬ͷǳ֮ˡ
ΪȥǱ˼ҲԭԲһƬ̫Ժĵֻ̣ʣһطˡ
ʱ䣬ΪάѧԺչʱȥܶѧԱûԴͻƾ磬ѧԺͰǡ
һȥͱӡ
һҹʱ䣬Ҷ㴥ܴرľԼΪһŵܲ
Ҷ㲻֪Ҳ֪ΪûоҲжϡ
ɫһҶϢĺܺãȫָһߵԺ棬Ϥ˳ء
ʦ磡
һС˽ӷף·ܷѾǻпˮƸǲȫкܴĹϵ
ҶǵãҲȫڼҶ㻹ǺٺɵЦ츳ߣ֮Уһ
磡
Ҷʮֿ˵һ䣬ʶɨһСӣȻӷףǳ׳ԼӶǱڡ
һһѧԱ볡أÿϣǶ似塣
ۿγ̣ãһʮˣʮŮ䶼󣬻мˣ·ãϻմ
ӽ쿪ʼҽ似˵˭ֲȥһԹۿ
Ҷһ̬½ϻ½ӢվԶĿţûд
ô
½ӢΪʵ
ָķ棬ôǽ̵ʽô
½ʮֹĿһ½Ӣʵʲô
Ȼǽѧӵܣ
½ӢĵҶܲܽˣЩԼǽǣȴһ𵽺õЧ
֪ˣ
½ʮص˵һ䣬ҡϣŲˮɹ̫һӡ
ȱһǵ֣
ҶҪ򵥵Ϥһ£ҽһڽԵѵ
С֣
ﻪ͡šʯҶӳ¦λԡ־
ʮһſԱԼҶ˵ͷʮȫμġ
ʮ˷ֳɰ飬ÿһ飬Ȼཻ֣ҿǵ似Σ
Ҷ˽ˣʮ˳Ÿʯﵽ˾Ʒ֮⣬˶ƷƷ֮䣬СֻƷ͵ȡ
ˣߵū˼ҶӵͣҶƷȥūˡ
ʮ˺ܿ飬ʮе飬Ů顣
ǿԽˣóʵʵҲʩ̣
У׼֣ԻɱΪĿģ
Ҷ㲹һ䣬ȻҪָҶҪãЩԸӣ翴ˣȷʵס
ҶŸʯˣ˶ǶϱۣǸ˽֣նұۣʹñ
óԵıȻҲ⣬Ҷ˵ȥ˭Ҷǵʦϸӡ
Ҳ̫ҪˣϣԼϽɳŹκһɵĻᡣ
ʮԺٽ֣ϧ﷨̣һȺڴܣɱ⾳
Ҳ½Ӣǰڽ⣬Ӵɱֶ
ͣͣͣ
Ҷһ˵֣ͣǣ˶ͣ
Ҹղ˵Ļûסóʵ佻֣ģһͻ͵
Ҷ㼸ǴĿȻԶ޷סɱһǳʹ顣
Ÿʯܿ״̬˿ǰ飬ܿѽѷ֣Ҷŵ˵ͷ
ǲݣ
СҶ㷢һȣǼӿٶȣӴ
һ󶣶ٶȺΪǵʵ̫ˣҶ㲻ϵҡͷĴһҶһ
ЩˣȫһȺҷŵĳûԷƵġ
Զ½ӢЩȥˣҶֽѧַ̫пᣬиԼߵ֣һҪ֮ս
Ҫȥ
½Ӣ׼ֹҶ㣬ȴ½ϴˣҪ롣
㽻һʱŸʯ֮⣬Ҷһ£ҶͳͳһǧԳţһǧ

Ҷ㳯Żʯ֣ȱһ첲ʯȱһҸ첲ศɡ
ǵĽ˭̵ģ
Ҷ㳯ʵղȻǳҲó˳̵⽣ȴҶ㲻ҹά
½ʦ
ûЩй½Ӣ̵ġ
ûдʩչʱ򲻶ԣҴһһ׽úõһ£
Ҷָһ㣬׽ǵĻ꺣֮Уʼϥ£Ҷ㴫ڹĽ
ԭǶҶûжĸоϾҶ㲻һʦҾ绹û½Ӣʦߡ
Ҷһ棬ǲòرƶĺӣϧÿһλᡣ
ûҶʣʮˣһ۵ĴڴŴûмɡ
ʮ׹ʮ似ÿˣڶϥá
Ҷ㲻½Ӣһˣڽѧ棬̫ʴˣǵĹǺõģȴ޷ÿһˡ
ñС֣㴫ڸ߼ޣڸߵķʲôá
ϸŵ㣬ǽѧ
½ͻȻ۾½Ӣ˵½Ӣһţ뿪


1794 
һ˵õһ׹似½Ӣ̵ͳһǹϵĽѧʽʵںܶط
Ｘʮѧβ룬ǽѧʱһʩ̡
ܶѧǱδھȻʦЧȴǺܺá
ҶѧһһַʮˣõʮַȻЩ鷳ʤѧƺܿͻ͹Գ
ʦôҴһɵϹ
СվЩףʦôڸһɵϹ

С֣׹ʺˣΪһɵϰ
˴ЦղŽŵܿһɨա
ȻǳЦû裬Ҷƶ˼ҵĺӣ˭Ҳ˭ߵȥ
׹ҶԼ֣ͽɵϹԵľɵϣҪ̫ӵֻһߣСֵַ壬޷졣

ҶȻһӣЦȻԺ޷ѹסǡ
ʦ׹һЩ⣬Ϊθ½Ӣʦ̵ĲһҪ𵽶֮أ
ﻪҲվĹأȻת
Ϊ澭жϣǲÿ죬ĸͻʹ
Ҷֱָﻪ⣬Сʱܵʲôⲿ̼زĽѾΣҶŸı˹·ߡ
ԶԶԣһ죬ؿڶµûţ
Ҷһ˵Уﻪ˵ʼͷȥˡ
ÿ˶⣬Ҷ֪޲ԣǱ׶˶ָ
Զ½ԽԽЩȻҲܿҲԵѵʲô磬Ҷʲô磬߲һΡ
Ҷֻͨһ֣ҵÿ˵ԭ½֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ȼûˣʱʱ䣬Ϥ쿪ʼһὫѶһ
ĽѧˣԼ򹦷Ҷ㽫Ը̬ѵǡ
׷ҵյΪеķ֣Ҷ㴫ڸǵĹ֮ٶȼӿ˺ܶࡣ
һЩ˾綼ʼˣһʱ䣬ֱ˼顣
ҶҶ̬Ҳת䣬һ𾴡
Ҷ㣬ȵ裡
Ҷûˣ½кһҶȵ㶫
Ҷ㿴һۣ˹½һӣҶҪݺݵһ٣Լˡ
ǹﶮýѧʦڣҲͷˣ
½ϿЩӣ֮УҲһЩ簮ἺΪˣ˲࣬½ҵΪЩĺӣֵҶ㾴塣
һ£һ֮Ҿͻ뿪
Ҷ㲻Ͷ̫ĸ飬ģֻԼܼ顣
ҲһΪʦΪѵûʮԸɴ£
½ζĿһҶ㣬ܴҶ֮пҰģҪ㣬ǹƥܡ
һţǿߣ֮˼ɵĵ̡
ƾһˣʵȻǿ󣬴һΧɱġ
Ҷ˼ˣ½˵ĲҶȻ磬ȻҪ۷壬ѰԼڴͨ
Լһ֮ɣڲ֪ȥ򣬾ҶҵܰﵽԼҲ޼
½ϣܸʲô𣿡
Ҷʮֺ棬Լÿ飬ܱ½ϲУʲôľ磬ܿԼ
ܺ𣿡
½һӣҶҪ
ֻҪҽѧȻ㡣
Ҷ㲻ֱ֪Էһ½Ͼ򵥣ϣ߳Ҷܶ࣬˵ǻһܾõϹ
һ£
Ҷ㻹ǼᶨԼģһʱ䣬ٶࡣ
ôż½ۣѧķãһ취㣬װ׽ѧģһ֮Ը£ȻӭҪ뿪Ҳǿ
Ҷ˼½Ҳ˵ʲôһеһ֮˵
һƽĹȥˣʱ򣬴ҿʼҶ㴫ڵ似ʹñ޷ҲʹóҲʹóı䡣
Ҷһϸʯһ񽣣ٶۡ
Ϥһ似֣ҪóеǱȫͷų
Ҷ㼸ǴĿһ֣ҶûҪ̫࣬ڲһˡ
ٴν֣½Ӣӷ˳̲ס
űʯⱻҶ㰲ŵһ飬ҶǶʮ
ʮ֮УʵǿģҲȶˡ
ģ
Ҷ㻰һ䣬СȳˣһȭִɣСԼˡ
ʦʦҵȭͷôôСˡ
˵СˣĶҲˣƽŰСּأ쾹ȻСִɡ
Զ½ӢҲǳС죬ţСָղͻȻǳ֮ǿһ𱬷ϻȻ֮䣬˳ȥ
ѧԱҲһ˼֮ɫԼ似ҲڴС֮֮ǿοǡ
ȭһȭ⾳޷ղ裬ǡǡõѡ
ҶûȭҪֱǰ˵ˣһ
˼̫ˣղеİСǲˣԾһ򵥵һȭܴ˺õЧ
ܿ죬˷׷׽֣ͻȻоԼг·裬ٶҪǰһࡣ
ʯҲһҪģÿһϵҶ׷׾
죬˽ͻƵ磡
½ʱͻȻ˵ˣ½Ӣһʱ䣬ͻôܡ
Ҷʱ͹ˣ֪Ҷ뷨ֻ֪θ롣
ԽսԽѾʱ䣬ȫĵͶ뵽ս֮С
СֵȭԽԽǿÿһȭܴһζ
ָ޷ֻҪһͻᱻСһȭɣѾ˼ʮۡ
ˣǷˣ
ֶһʱˣǾȻ֪ƣҶΪδֹͣղҶ˵ҪľеԪ
Ҳˣ̫ˣ
ҶͻȻزˡ
׼£վսȻҪ
Ҷʮϸ񣬾κεĻᡣ
ҶûȻԭأ̫ˣ嶼ʼ鴤ˡ
ɱ
ҶĶ֣Ϊ̫ˣɱ㣬Ҷôп̬
˷׷ס֣ûм֣ߡ
Ҳһ㶣Ҷ㾹ȻҪԼɱҶ
û˵𣬲ҪãֻΪ̫ˣɱ𡣡
Ҷޱ䣬һ˿ĸ飬նɱҶ
ʦ
˷׷߹ҪҶ飬һʱˣͬ㡣
㲻ɱҾɱ㣡
ɱ¾֮׵ĳֱ֣ӼںĲϣѹûʮˡ
ԥˣû뵽Ҷ顣
Ҫȥֹ
½ӢĿȥˣҪȥֹȴԭأ޷


1795 
½ӢҪֹ½ϿסˣԭأܴҶ㣬Ȼһѵǰ
˳Ĭˣ˴ų֮ɫҶ㣬ֲпѵ̫пˡ
ҷˣ
ȻˣɷҲԸնɱԼѡ
ʮΪѣվԭأɱҶҪ
ǻ˭Ը˳ģҾǿ󣬽ǲһ죬Ҳ
Ҷɨÿһˣĵ׷Ҷ˵Ķԣ磬ܻڣѾһ漣ˡ
ҶҲɵˣû뵽ҶģҪˣΪûҶ
ȻǵʦҪϸҵĹأûҵ£Ҫ⵽ͷΪǲпġ
ɱ
Ҷһȣ۾ͻȻҶΪҲ
ͣ
͸Ҷ壬ѪĽҶ֮ǰǲţԼҪˡ
ҶԲҲҪɱ㣡
Լִ̽ҶĳıҶ
û£Ҳ㣡
Ҷ˴Сһ𳤴ͬ㣬һ˿֮ġ
ݺݵĵҶ㣬Ҳһ֮ðŭ𣬰ҶľηʧһɶΪҶһħͷ
Ҷ˫ۣϵϢʧˣ½ӢɵˣҶһ죬ȻɱһѧԱ
ǲǺ
ҶûɱһĿ⣬·һƽ顣
ҶȥʣҵıѾҶ㣬ĺ
ĺȥеŭղһȫɱǡ
ҶҲϣɢһɾɱԺӣͻȻɪ
½϶һ㶣ҶϾȻŨɱⲻһƷֵܳġ
ʣʮѧԱħһһɺ죬ѰԼĶ֣йеŭ
Ҷˣʮֱʹֻܽŭй
Ѫ屻УѪ죬ǳĿɲ
½ӢȥˣҪȥֹҶ㣬½Ͽƣ롣
ΨоѪϴ񣬲ܳΪǿߣĻ䣬ԶɳΪ
ѾüˣҶ㲻ֹͣǲͣϵĳ֡
˲֧ˣز𣬳׻ԹȥҲʧѪ࣬忪ʼ鴤°ĭ
ͣ
һֱƻʱ֣Ҷֹͣʣ಻ˣҲȫزˣ֮еԪĴ
ǵ񣬶һѪ֮ɫһҶŭĿӣһ˿ޣΪҶ廹δױȥ
ûģ
Ҷ㲻һ˿ĸ飬ֻҪû
һǿȣǹȥʮٶȣҶûζһ˿顣
ȻԸ⣬̫ƣˣֻ壬ȻûС
Ǻܿ죬¶ϲɫҪֻҪתӿ֮С
һ鱻եɵĺ࣬ϵܽҺһ컯֮
洫ǵͻֻһ֮ңˡ
ʱҲҶѹեǣܲϵǰҶĳҲ
Ҷⲻĥֻ˳֮ģҶȻĻ١
һʱ֮󣬴վӣЩȻˣԪָˣ˿ûлָ
Ǵҷ֣ǵľ˲٣ǰһҪ졣
ǲΪҵ̫п᣿
һŸ֮ɫԼҶ㳯ʵ
֮УоηҲгޣֲͬľһ
ҪҶҲҶ㳹ĤݣҪġ
ʦĽѧǿԽܣֻ⡭
ﻪվ˳ԽҶֽпѵʽֻҪɱͬ飬ǽܲˡ
ǿĵˣҲߵˣΪһ˲ᵼ˶ԭ̤
ҶͻȻĳ˵
Ҷ˺ȣȥĲԼҲǡ
Ҷһ½ϵ˵ͷ½Ӣһ֮ɫҶ㣬ֱǿʶ
ʮ˳Ĭˣ˴ͷ˿϶Ч£ȥҲܲ³
Ҫ粵ȴ֪˵ʲôǲΪǿߣֻԵҶҲûбҪǼϻˡ
벻
һȻ֮ɫǵĿѾﵽˣûбҪȥϼˡ
ܸ
ʮ˴һ׷״һϣ֮ɫϣҶϽȻҶ
˵ǣ½ӢˣҪúõĽѵҶһ٣ǸţҶ϶ݺݵһ
ȻԣҲи
ҶûеͷҲûҡͷȻҶҶ˵̫򵥲
ʦ˵ɣʲôǶӦ
С֮⣬ʮ˾ͲҶ¹ˣֻҪܾȻҶʲôӦ
СһȵҶ˵ˣʱű˵
ʦȻɣ׻ؼչˣ
СּҸҶһҶĸԲڴҶˣҲˡ
ԺҪϸִҵȥҲҪִУ𣡡
ҶͻȻһ˻£ɢһλߵϢŲݾܾĿ
½϶¶֮ɫҶλߵϢģ³ģʡ
ҴӦ
һ˵ţӦҶ㣬ΪоϾҪͻˣҶ㣬Ҳһ꣬Ҳͻơ
Ȳһ죬ͱߵūˡ
ҲӦ
ʯվ˳Ӧ
мԥһ֧Ҷ㣬ҲӲͷƤҧӦˡ
סⲻұǵģһǴӦˣͲɸģΪҪΪһǿߣҪӵвģҪļ⵽ҡȰǻǷΪ·ĺܼࡣ
ĵ˵ͷȻмĻЩȶʱˣҶıǡ
ָһ㣬һɹҶ棬ֵˣҶؿڿʼ˺
ֶΣʮȫˣһžηҶ㡣
˶ܾȻҴҲ֪ˣҶҶ̼ǣĿĴﵽˣҶѹûдɱǡ
½ͻȻվ¶˼֮ɫȻֻܿ벻ҶϿˡ
Ҷһӣ˯һһԪѾָ
վӣһãȻ֮ɫ
Ƕ𣿡
ҶΪǶˣдһʡ
ûʦֻΪ˼ǣôģ
ĵĻǺ§Ҷղŵܿһ顣
ҶҲɵˣԼ
ʥ
ҶһУʥˣˣǵƣ˲ָ
һϵֶΣЩƶĺܽӴ
½ӢҶˣƷô֮ࡣ
ֻ½ϣ˫֮У͸һ䣬ƺڻʲô
ˣĿγ̵˽ס˵ĻںüԲùˡ
Ҷ֮ǰڶһ䡣
ʦİɣѾǺˣ֪Ժô
ŻʯͲôѵ


1796 ˹
Щ뿪ջ̫ˡ
½ӢʱųԭԼĽѧʽһֱǴġ
Ҷʦ
½ȻǸӣҶϡ
½Ӣ˶ţԭҪѯһҶѵʽȴˣֻȥ׼ȥˡ
ûԴǳɳ˶ã
Ҷ֮󣬵˵һ䡣
ûԴԼѵֲ֧˶á
½Ҳ̾ϢһһˣѾźüˡ
Դ㲻õģֻҪͿˣ̫ѧԺܴܲ´ţҪˡ
½ϾȻǼ̫ѧԺţҲ޿ɺǣһǼɳˣ̫ѧԺҲ˵ע⡣
ֻҪˣûԴ𡣡
½Ц·𿴵ԴӿԼ
ҶһۣҪһѧԺ֮ѣʮ֮
Ųһ죬Ƕˣ
Ҷ㲻ŴĿԼγǳɳʱͿ԰Լˡ
һ취ҳȥһˣܸܲԴ
½һ̾ϢЩĶˣ̫ѧԺֵǮĶʣ޼
㲻ҪĶҲҪɣ
ʱ½Ӣˣ˫Ŀŭ½ϣµʲô
½ɫһ죬ƺ˵˼һʮѿ
ҪǸµĶҸûֱ꣬ӲѧԺ
½Ӣݺݵһ仰ָ֧ףΪ˳ŵһԾŶµĶ˭ܶ

½ϰ˰֣վӣȥ
֮Уʮãֻһɾĵطڷһӣ֪ʲô
뷿֮½ϻһףҲ˲٣ޱ֣أĸڷǰСӡ
ĴӣڷһöӨ͸ԲζС˸ǿ߼϶ǼƷ񾧡
һ鼫Ʒ񾧣ֻܵöƷ񾧡
ҪԲˣµΨһҪ
Ʒ棬ȻһŮӵģʮֺÿ½Ӣмƣѹ½ӢֹĸĶ
룬Ҳǵ½͸½Ӣĸ׵
һöƷ񾧣˵ȻʲôǶڵ̫ѧԺ˵Ǿݡ
ԥ˰죬½ϻǶӣ˳ǡʱ½ӢҲ߳
½ĺӣ½Ӣ֪ԼĸˣΪһŵȻҪĸµĶҪ
õĶȥɣĸ׵񣬳ˣȻ
½Ӣһ½ĺӣԼһöҽ½ȻõģҲǷ
½¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫȥ˺һˣûѡ
Ҷ㾲Ŀţû˵ֻǶݵһʱ䣬Ҷ⸸Ů˵ӡ󣬷˺ܴĸĹۡ
ԭҶһֱн٣ΪǱƭģ鲻Լô򵥡
ҲȫûбҪЩӣ̫ѧԺٲܿͻᱻ˹ߡ
½ϻĺӣҶ㿴½Ӣ۽ᣬܿصԼķ䡣
ҶʦЦˣ
½ߵҶǰһǸ⣬Ǽҵ飬˿á
½ϣгǿзĵط
ҶԼϻмöóȥڻȡһЩԴ̻ͿԻȡԴˡ
ҶԼҲԴһá
Ƿʦ
½¶֮ɫû뵽Ҷ㻹Ƿʦ
ԶһЩ
ҶЩΪһֱĶԼļ١
óȥһҵʶһط϶ʺ㣡
½ϸϽקҶ뿪ˣԺ֮󣬳гǸȥ
УѾǰ·ɣ
ǰǷˣûзƣ
½ϳҶʵ
ҶҡҡͷʲôƣԼ粻ʮʱ䣬ܶණʮİ
ˣʮʦ϶ɣµʮ򣬾ǧ귢չѾγ˹ģɢ磬һΪ𣬷ֱǺƳϡ
½ϲ䷳ĸҶ͡
ɫͣɫߣõɫƣ綼൱ĵλˡ
ҶˣҲ൱һһֻû̫ơ
ֻҪʸ񣬶Կˣһϸ񣬾Ϳõơ
ֻз˵˿̻ų㣬ҶҰ·ӣ̻ҲһˣͺñһƷһ
ҲӦĵȼ֣ɽΪɷȼ
磬ʷ۷̻ܿ
ɽ磬̻ܿ۷ˣָҲֻ˹Ἰʦﵽ۾̻ܿ
Ȼʷʣ۷ۣҶڿ̻ǶƷ
Ȼϣгǵķ˹ỹǱȽ֡
ܻᲢгֻһֻᣬַǷ
ۿʼӰԶɽ磬֮˼١
ͽ֪ȻޣҲϷΪһҲ۷塣
˷ֻᣬƻԻͣ
һΪ򣬵һ˵Ǻܻӭġ
½ָָĵطܶ˶ѡ֮ãսкܴʤ㡣
Ǳǹϵĵط󲿷ϣ¢ϣûƣ̻Ҳһ㣬ûϿɡ
½϶Ҷ֪޲ԣҲˣҶİ
һطǿˣȤȥһ£˹᲻κˣֻҪǱˣΪһԱԺֱ̻ӳ۸ᣬܱȳȥãһϼ۸񡣡
½ϻǽҶ㣬ҪҪһݣõİ취ǵõ˹Ͽɡ
ȿɣ
Ҷûżȿ˵
ĵطܾûдûּۻۡ
۵ǽֹ۵ģۣͯƷʱ֤򣬿뿪
Ҷſһ£һöͨһƷ۸񾧣Ժһ㣬ܺü١
ÿһȼ۸ҲǷһƷﵽٵ֮߰䣬Ҫ̻˭
ÿһö棬˭̻ģ۸ȻҲһ
Ʒ۸ȻһǧöһöҶ㿴һöȻֵǧ񾧣ҶҲһѡ
ԼϻмʮöƷöһƷȥҲܻȡ񾧣άԼһʱ䡣
ҪǻȡһЩԴڿ̻һЩάѧԺչһʱˡ
ʮҪͻƾ磬ҪԴûԴ޷ͻƾ磬û񾧵ĸò˶ãǾͻƿ
߰ɣȥԣܲͨ
ҶѾеˣһԣֻõݣܳ


1797 ƶ̩
ҶҪμӿˣ½һԼ²ûҶȷǷʦ
˵ĵطҲвˣÿ춼ǰˣϣܵõ˵ϿɣϧҪ̣˶лᡣ
ǿߣ̻ﲻ˹ϿɣһΪˡ
˷ǳ֮Ͻÿһؿˣкö˼ලǷʦ
ÿÿǼҹȿ
Ҷǰ滹ˣǿ֮󣬾ֵԼˣ˭֪ͻȻðһȺˣֱӴ˽Ҷ㻹½ϼһԡ
Ⱥˣ½üͷ΢΢һ壬ƺЩЩˡ
ǻ
Ҷ֮ǰ˺ܿ챻ǰΧǸϽ뿪ֵǿˡ
ģƾʲôӣ
䶼ƺʲŶôãϾֵԼô׵ÿ
ǲƹҲҶײ
ʮ֮УӺȺһֱȻû˵ˣǸ߸ϵġ
ƹӣɫ΢΢һ䣬ƹͷС
ȻƷȴ˾ηƱʲôǿʵȻҲš
ʱ䣬Ȼǵ˫ȣڶȥ
¶һ˿η֮ɫЩ׷¶ЦἸ˵Ĵʦüͷ塣
ƺҲЩУƼȻǹỹǣֻںгǣûбҪֽںгҲѷչȥˡ
໥һֻۣܻ뿪ˣƹӵţǷԼļ֡
ǰûˣڻóһ·ƹߵǰȥ׼Կ̻
ƹӣˣﲻǹҪ󡣡
һʦվƹӰʱȻˣϣܹˣòƣĲݡ
ȿȡǸʦǲֵˣ
Ҷʱ̸֮ǰ˹ȥ½϶һ㶣Ҷѵ֪гƹӴ
ЩҲһ㶣ѾˣȻܳһˣвġ
СӣǲûǼҹڸʦ𣡡
һڣ˫ĿŭҶ㣬һɳɱҶ
벻ֲһСУǰ˳ģӦֵңѵ˹ᣬҲӲ֮
Ҷһ½϶һҶ̫ˣƹӵǹᶼȥˡ
ȻӲ֮Ϊ棬ǲҵƼңƶ̩һܹԷ츳
Сӣ
ǹ˭Ҳܲˣ˵Щƹ¶֮ɫҶòμ
ˣˣᵱУֹ
һʦվֹǼȥҶĻȷʵùʮѿƹвԣ֤ҶӲ˵
ΪѾкܶ˹עˣҪĲá
˶Ҷ˴ĴָȻô£Ǹ˵˼٣Ҷ㲻˵ˣƼҲ
ʲô֣
ƶ̩ʱ˵ˣҶ㶯ɱ
Ҷ㣡
Ҷֱƶ̩˫ۣ˿Ҷ£ΥģҲΪԷǿƣβˣҶ
ܺãҼסˣϣúõĻȥ
ƶ̩вĿ˭ףƶ̩Զˡ
һͦãͲˣһãҪˣǷ˹ᣬʲôèܽġ
ҶֱӳǰȥȻǰèղҲˣƶ̩Ѿǵһˡ
ǰϣõһöƣҶ֮Ϊè
дӣҪɱ
̲סˣҪնɱҶ㣬ϧ˹ᣬֹ򶷡
Ҷ۽½ϣҪʲôӦ˭֪½ϱȻƺûнƶ̩Ҳ֤Ҷһ뷨
Ҷ㣬ûȤǶһѣڷӮңҿԼ̣ˣҪڸҿͷΣ
ƶ̩ЩǳҲ׵ıŭȻҪҶƴ
ﲻֻܳɱҶ㣬÷ɱһҲЧ
һüζͨķʲôʸұȡ
ҶӵĿһƶ̩֮УԳܲ亹죬Ҷ㵨Ҳ̫ˡ
ֻ½ϣһС۾Ҷ㣬֮У֮ɫԽԽࡣ
ҶԽǿƣԽ½ϾԽϲΪҲϲС֮ˣϲ׸֮ˡ
üβͨƶ̩ٺõƢҲŭˡ
ҪұҲǲԣҪӴ룡
ƶ̩ҪˣҶʱٴ˵ƶ̩ŭ޴й
ʼգҶ㶼һƵӣƿƵķչ˵ǣƶ̩ıߡ
һЩϹŶ׷¶֮ɫҶһ֪ʲôʱгǳһô֪ߵغСӡ
ҶԸܴҵĻӭƼң˲ˡ
ܺã˵ɣʲô룡
ƶ̩һֻҪҶܸľͿˣҶ㿴Ʒ˾ٺãҲȲԼ
磬ǵõ˷ʦָ㣬ȲԣᣬѾûκεˡ
Ϊ뵽ʦǻԴƼҾϣͨ·ںгǣλߡ
ɣעʮ񾧣ҲҶģ
ҶĲȤΨһȤľ񾧣ԽԽá
ʮ񾧲ˣһ֡
Ƕƶ̩˵ʮĲʲôֻëëѡ
ԣˣʲôҲҪֻҪҿʮͷ
ƶ̩ȱԴԶûʲôȱֻҪҶԼǰʹġ
ãɽ
ҶЩˣӵһˣƶ̩϶ҲӦ
ܾ۹ܶˣ˫Ҫƴ˸ˣһһ㣬˳Χˮйͨ
Ǿͼλʦˣϣλʦܹжϣ
Ҷ˹ᣬûжĺøУϣǲҪȻ϶ûꡣ
İɣ˹Բ٣ҵ۾ѩģȻҪƴҲֹ׼һĲϣ׼һ£һῪʼ
һʦվô˵棬ỹ٣ܻҲˡ
Ҷƶ̩ʼ׼˵ȫ˵һߣĿһƴ
СҶҪûаգǷ˰ɣ
½ʱߵҶߣҶ£г徢ǺõģǳԼƿصķΧѰ·ˡ
㵣һ䣿
ҶĿһ½ҶҪ½ĵߣ˭֪½ǲɽˮһȻģ
ȷƼҲв½Ȼ½ҲҶԷĴġ
׼ˣǼһ£ԣʼɣ
ʦ׼ݲϣǿԿʼˡ


1798 ı
˺ܿ˳ǰ̻İ߹ȥ
һ˶һ飬û⣬ǿֳ̻ɵĺıʣȻҪμӷƴһжһģԵòŹ
Ҷ˵ͷỹ㹫׼ϣԼĳԿȥ
˻ʱһó϶Ҳ˵ע⣬ã˴ͬһϡ
ʼɣ
һλʦ˱ʼıȶڷѾϰΪûжĲ
ǽ첻̫һƼҴӣƾݣ˺ܶˡ
С˭Ĳ֪ߵغȻӮƶ̩ܻ뿪г𣿡
˲⣬ΪҶѰ·Ӯ˻ˣΪҶ·һ
ǿδأС϶кУֻܿǱȶǾ͵һֿͺˡ
Ҳ²ؼģֻҪֿͺã˭Ӯ˭䣬˭˭ġ
Ҷ㿪ʼĥϣǳϸ£ⳡԣֻӮ䣬Ҷ㻹Ҫʮʽ
ܲͻƵƷͿʮöˡ
Ҷ򵥹һ£ԼҪͻƷҪʮö
ϹһЩϣ̻Ҫ˷һЩγѭͺˣ̫ѧԺ̻
ҶҲԼҰģʮһɳܰԼ¡
̫ѧԺΪԼĺܣ½ڣҶʱİȫû⣬ҶҪһõԴ
ƶ̩ᳵ·Ѿǵһ̻ܿͽ״̬˷˼ı仯ǸղһģԼء
ƶ̩ĳԷЩϻ˶Դ츳
гǺܶ˶ʶƶ̩СֻޣûٻԴһЩʦϿΡ
쿴ǸСӣǲǺˣôڻʼ
ƶ̩ѾʼˣҶ㻹̣ƺż˳֮ɫ
ҿӲţһ֪ˣƹôͷ
Ҳ˴ֺõϣܰͽᵽƶ̩ϵķ̼Ҷ㡣
̸ۣܵҶ޶ãȻ̵ĥȵˣſʼ̻
ƶ̩ǱߣѾһˣһöֳ
ʦ¶֮ɫŹȥʱ䣬ƶ̩ķ츳Ȼôࡣ
̻֮ѹ˹
ڿҶ㣬ַ̻ʮּ򵥣ûƶ̩ôÿһʣ赭д
ʼʦüͷ壬ǿòҶ̻˶·ַȫ뵽أ·Ҷ㲻ڿ̻ǽ֮Уĳᵽ˷ֽ档
ַ
ʦһ֮ɫЩȴƶǶȴ˵
ַԲһƷܲģﵽ˺һĳ̶ȡ
˽һ˺һľǸΪһ塣
ʦһҶ㣬ڳܶ˶ʮ֣ƶ̩̻ǻǳĺÿΪʲôʦء
Ҳʮֺ棬׷׿˹ȥֻǾҶ̻ʱʮֻҪҶ㲻Ͽ̻ȥˡ
ַ̻ȻҵĹҵľҪͻˡ
һƷֻǹۿҶַ̻徹Ȼ˹Ҫͻƾˡ
ڳôˣľֹһˣܶ˶ֱǲ˼顣
е˼Ҷ㲻򵥣һַƴ¹˭δ֪
ԭһЩҶˣ׷׸ı˷ΪǸϲҶ̻
ƶַֻ̩ڹͣʱ俴ˣҲᡣ
Ҷ㲻ͬ·ÿһο̻вͬ⾳棬ܻôǰһǷ´½һ
ñԺα㣬ȥ綼ᣬÿ㻻һζͻٳԲᡣ
ƶַ̩Ǳ㣬ȥһӣȻˡ
ʼգҶûظһַÿһȥܿռ󲨶һεˮƣǳ
ӯûκεˮԽԽ˿ʼעҶ㣬ǿߣʼע
ڳ֣ܶΪ츳ܸߣѹıȶ
Ҷַ֮ˣҶ㲻ڿ̻ڵһƷ
һյ֮ƶ̩ȽһЩӿʼкã˷ܵĺУƶ̩
ƶ̩ȻҲһЦ⣬öȫԼ˹ˡ
̧ͷܿȥһֵ飬ԼĻ֮⣬Ȼû˷Ѿ̻ˣ˵񣬶Ҷһϡ
ƶ̩ʮһߵﶼǰķУһֱŹ⻷˭֪ȴˡ
˵ע֮£Ҷ㻺ձʣһƯĻʣһ·ȥˣͬҲ˸һɫâû뵽֮С

̻Ҷ㳤һղŽԼľȫȥﵽ˺һĳ̶ȣκ飬ǲŲʡ
ȵҶ㷴Ӧʱ򣬷һǿһԼ
ڿԼˣ
ʦЩȲˣʼ˭Ʒ׸һЩ
˿Ҷ̻˿ƶ̩
ֻǼʱ䣬ƶ̩ȷʵƷԳΪ˹ĳԱ
Ǻܿ죬ʦ¶һ˿֮ɫȻ޷Ҷ
ö޷Ҫ᳤ſˡ
˲óȻҪгǷ᳤ֻ
ʵҲһ˼֪Ҷǳǲ͵ƶ̩ˡ
׸˻᳤Ի᳤ĵλȻƼңʱ򲻹˭Ӯ˭䣬ûйϵˡ
ҿ
һ߼˹ȥ㿴Ҷ䲻ǺܴҲʮ꣬ôﵽ߼ʣǳˡ
ţǰ
ʦʮֹĳǿʩһҲһӡ
Ҳ˹ǲǰֻǿߣʸĦ
Ҷ̻ţǰʮϸ㿴ʮʱ䣬Ž
λСֵܣһȶɷöң۸⡣
ǿߣȻҪҶ̻ǿ֮һҲöǿ󣬱ϾҶ಻Ʒ
ǴҶ֪ţǰеĲ·ȥ򣬶Լķ϶кܴ
һöѣǰҪֱǡ
Ҷ㳯ţǰʩһʮֿܰͽᵽ߼ʣֶΪ϶ǣܽύǰɲס
ţһһ㶣û뵽Ҷô
ԭߣ˫ҲǷʲô飬ϾҶƶ̩
Ҷ͸ʾͲһˣǷҶһ飬鲻Ļ϶ָ
½ЦˣѾıģǸҶȻоԼһ
Ҷ̫ˣһöͻһǿߵ飬˭Ҳ뵽ɡ


1799 ȸ
ţһΪˣһöѣ಻ǧ񾧣һ飬΢
ɣҸһ񾧣öҪˣ
ţһ⻹ǺƤԸҶ̫Ĺϸ𣬵ƼңҶ˶ã̫ࡣ
ҶЦһ˶ԼΪԼˡ
Ȼǰִ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôˣ
ܰҶģҲֻ½ˣҲָһöһǿİ֡
᳤ֻܿ˳׻ӵүӣôΧҲ¶֮ɫ
᳤
ʦһ𳯻᳤ʩ񣬽뵽ǰ档
ʲôˣôô֣
᳤ɨһۣҺģһᡣ
ġ
ʦٵ˵һ飬ղŵһһ֪
øҿ
˶޷þ᳤Ҳ˺֮ģҪʲôķ޷жˡ
ʦƶ̩Ҷķ˹ȥƶ̩ķ᳤ֻɨһۣܿ콫ĿⶨҶö֮ϡ
ƷһǺԪأѵѵã
᳤Ҷķֱ֮ӽƶ̩ķһߣıҶ˽ȥ
ôȥ£Ѿӻ᳤֮п˭Ӯ˭ˡ
᳤ϸǲǿˣ
ƶ̩Щվסˣ䲻𣬶ǽҪҶʮС˼
㵱ǰ׳ղɣôҪָ㣡
᳤ͦƶ̩Լ壬ѹѺгǷֻһεǰҡ
չأһֻܲһΣһܹΣÿζǰߣѾ˷ֻĹأѾۣ˵гǷֻẦƼңƶ̩ڷֻҰ
᳤Ȼô֣һЩϢ˭߲ŵˡ
᳤ԴϬĶ˻ƶֻ̩öݺݵĿҶ㣬˹ĺӣȻҶˡ
ö˭ģ
᳤Ȼƶ̩Ҷ̻ʵ
ǰָ㣡
Ҷʮֿǰ᳤ʩһ
ǱǷĳԱ𣿡
᳤ʮ̻ͣͣܿƷǳ֮ѵãôô򵥣Ԫ϶ɡ
᳤ˣԭı⣬ϣͨˣᡣ
Ҷǫǫ񣬲Ϊղŵ飬Լԣʱ̱Цݡ
ˣλ׼ƣ
Ȼ᳤˽Ҷɹᡣ
ܿ죬һöɫ˹᳤ԽҶҶӹƣ̻һ֣һ׵磬˹ᡣ
᳤ƹö
ҶӮˣʦ˹Сĳ᳤ʵ
һöǿƷɣ
ƶ̩Ҫ˹ܾˣҶ
ƶ̩ƽһЩ᳤Ҳ׼ƶ̩ϸҲõһöɫƣƱҶСһȦ
Ҷɢ˰ɣ
ʦ˵һ䣬Ƕɢˡ
ƹӣ֮ǲҲҪֳŵˣ
һǿƷһƷ߲һϣ᳤ԼᶨȻǼ١
Сӣ㲻Ҫ
һΪҶӮ˾ˣȻĸҪƼҵ񾧡
ôҪԭƼңһԶŵС˶ѡ
ҶЦѣʮ񾧿ɹغԼܲͻƵƷҶ׵ķ
磬Ҷһֱѹƾ磬ʵӦͻˣϧûԴҶֻÿ첻ϵĻۡ
ڳ˰ҶһѺƼԶŵСˣƼң¶ŭ
ҶⷬôҲܿƶ̩óԴԶȻʵԺƼҵһ𺦡
ҶʤУƶ̩ó񾧣ûк·ԡ
ѡãڹ㱳ˣƼԶŵϢᴫгǡ
ƶ̩еҲˡ
ܺãǵһƼҷˣƣ
˵꣬ƶ̩һöָܿת뿪ˣڴȥԳ衣
ʼգҶ㶼ƿߵ̬ȫ֣ƶ̩һȦףڵõʮö񾧡
ţһ⿴˫ֲݵ񣬸Ͻóһ񾧸Ҷ㣬Ҵ뿪ˣԸ˫
ҲǹˣȥԴ
Ҷ㿴½Щ㶣Գȥ
ţһһö񾧣գۼĹ򣬾ͱҶӻһգ˺ܶϡ
ҶóԼϽļöóᣬֻһ񾧡
һУҶ½뿪˹ᡣ
뿪ţƼҵ˻δ뿪Ȼڹ治֣ܳһʹնɱҶ㡣
ಣ
Ҷ֣ʮҶ½Χˮйͨ
Сӣڣ
һ嵶϶ɢŨɱ
ƶ̩վһԣ޶ãΨɱҶ㣬йͷ֮ޡ
½Ȼ̫ѧԺĵʦǲӦøҵİȫ⡣
ҶȻŵЦݣ׸½ѹûгֵ˼
½ЦһҶֱһ˾֮Ըƶ̩ģܴһ棬ҲΪԼܡ
һͷӣܴùô𡣡
½һӣһһЩˡ
Ҷݺݵıһ̵ۣģ½ӢǸ߼ѾʵҲʼ𣬻ںСඡ
ǿûУָʹôɵģҪҾ𣡡
ҶȸڣҶһٱȻʮ˵½ָʹġ
㡭
½һͷΪԼŲߣҶɹƭ̫ѧԺ˭֪ҶļıǶ಻ʤܿ콫½˳ȥ
û취㲻ϳֻ֣Ҫ㹩ˣ˭޹أ
ҶʱȻһ޹ӣ½Ļʹ
Ƿϻˣһɱˣ
ͷĻǼȥһɱֻҪҶһ𣬾ǵƼҵˡ
ʮһ֣һ񳱣ʵƷңȻǵײ㣬ʮ˼һ𣬻Ǻֲܿġ
䣡
ʮ˵ĹͬʱҶ½ϣǺֵܿ鷢ˡ
ȴأԭҶ½Ӱӣʧ·ƾʧһ㡣
ǵĹ˵ϣëûУܵˡ
ռ˲ƣ
ƶ̩üһ壬ΪƼҴӣʶ϶˶࣬ռ˲ƣҲǸ߼ʲ
˲ƣҪ۲ſԣֱӸĶռ䣬ԭʧûκεĺۼ
һ֮ϣҶͻȻð˳½һĺߡ
СҶǲǹҵģ½Ҷ
ѾĻ˼˵ΪԺʦΣգ㾹ȻŲʣԺνˡ
Ҷ໥磬˭Ҳ˭ĲԣҶ֪½ʵϸҲǰƷƷʡ
ãǳƽˣȥ֮˭Ҳ׼ᣡ
½ϣ̫ѧԺ̫鷳ʹ˽½ǣ¶аЦҶַǳ⡣


1800 Ʒ
˺ܿʧԭأ뿪ƬƼںгǵǺܴġ
СҶҲõģƼֲһƶ̩˵㣬ڹʮӣƶֻ̩֮һ˭£˿϶ȺΧ޲ܽӵ
ҵһ¥½Ҷ㲻Ҫ
ڹȻƼҼʮӣƶ̩Ϊǳӣл̳Ƽ֮λ
ͿˣϣŪһʱ䣬ƶ̩ûʱҶˡ
Ƽҹӣʼƶ̩˵Ĩˣ嶪ˣüӦúúõĳͷ
ﻹ˼ȥҶ鷳ȴߵ˵
Ϊһ
Ҷһڲ裬ûƶֻ̩һСѣһ죬ҶƼҶڽ¡
û½ڳҶҲȥƾЩˣסҶ㣬ƨˣƼȥԼȥ
ûµĻǻȥɣ
½ƲƲ죬һദҶָڵֶΣ½ҲʼСҶȦס
żǻҪ㶫µҩȻʲôʱܴﵽĳ̶ȣ
˿ѾҹҶ㶫ȻҪѵǣҶҪúõĴĥܲóͿڵˡ
ҶͻƷҲҪһЩҩҪ򵽡
ãҴȥ̫ѧԺĸԺԺ룬һ룡
½ʮ⣬ȻҶԺһԺ죬Ҷ룬Գɱ
Ҷ㲻Ϊ⣬ȻǴ̫ѧԺΪ壬˵ǻأԼøĵط
⸸ŮȻִԾԲԺǽĶ
ҵһ޴ҩ̣Ҷ˺ܶҩкܶϡŹֵĶ½϶ʶ
ֱҹ˲ŻصǸԺӣҶص֮У֮С
һʱʮ꣬Ҷʱȣ֪Ҫʵ
ֻе˸߼һĵλԱ֮
ͼһһץһѡ
࣬ռ߳ңռɰ룬ʣ°ʣֻۣ˶ѡ
óЩҩҶ㿪ʼƣͻƷҶҪһ׼
óڤȪ׼ڤȪԼͻơ
һ֮һöֵĵҩˣڵϢԲͨĵҩɢ亮֮
úúãڤǺöͻƷͿˡ
Ҷ㿴ŹڤǶЦˣֱһ̷ȥ
䣡
ҶͻȻһ£ðһ㺮˪ſһڰ˳ȥڤڤȪ۶ɡ
һЩϡҩںһѾƷˡ
ϥ£ȫתԪܿɲ컯֮֮У䵽Ҷĵ档
½ͻȻѣߵ컯֮ʧˣȫۼҶ㷿Χ
½ӢҲһ𴲣֪ʲô顣
ֻԶܶ컯֮ȫۼҶķϿգγ˾޴Уʼܵ컯֮ڴ͵֮С
ô£Ϊ컯֮ۼ
½Ӣһɻ֮ɫ½ĿԣȻ˶ʲô
Ϲˣȥ˯ɣ
½˰֣½Ӣȥ˯Ϲˡ
Ũ컯֮Ҷ㷢һХ磬ѹʮʱ䣬ӭһα
ɽ磬ΪҶںһöȫͻƺü磬ϧĹϵҶֻͻƵ˶Ʒ
ʱҶնɱʯһޣһöͻͻƵƷֻˮɡ
Ҷ㲻ͻƵƷǴȹ̸۸ԴѰһЩĵرͻƵƷ
Ʒͼ࣬ƵƷ֮䣬ʲôϰˡ
һöڤ̷ȥǿ֮ɨҶľ˲忪Ʒ۷壬Ʒֻһ֮ң
ˬ
編ǲһӼ򵥣һ׳ķһ

һХҶվӣһˣΧҶת֮УĴ׵磬ҶĴһ
ǰҶǿַˡ
дӡɱ¾и
ʱû̫ĹǸıعƶ֡
ȹ̾磬֮Уȹʱ䣬ɫ΢΢
ȵɫʱҶ˫ۣһâȥһҹʱ䣬ʮö񾧣ҪǴȥҪò˷
ҶĵٶȣЩ嶼ܲס
֮߳Ҷһ½ӢѾʼæµˣɨԺҶ
磡
Ҷ˵һ䣬˿½ӢҶһ̣¶ɫ
컯֮½Ӣһҹû˯ãҶڷʲôˣ˭Ҳ֪
ͻƵƷˣ
½ӢЩţҶһ죬Ȼͻһ磬ֱ˼顣
ɺ϶ѣ
ҶӣʵӦ͸ͻˣֻǿûԴˡ
򵥵ĺһ½ӢɨȥˣҶԺ棬ʼ壬׼ҪҪ
ʦ磡
СֻǵһȻǲȫǷǳڷܣÿ춼ǵһϵѧԺ
С֣
Ҷ㳯С֣Сֹ
ʦ
СЩ£ӻǰˡ
ҿĳɹ
һҹָҶ㿴СֵȭûС
õʦ
СûǶĻҶʲôʲô
ʼʩչȭԺ棬ϷɳʯһʯӾȻСֵ趯
Զ½ӢŴС죬ЩţСܶһЩ򵥵似ͺܲˣ˭֪Ҷһʱ䣬ͽСѵһ֡
ȭҪо˲٣ؼ֮ǲˡ
Ҷʮ⣬СֵڷֵܾҶ͡
ǸʦһؼһֱҸ״ûʱȭ
СץץԴЩ˼Ҳؼȭϧﻹкܶ󲿷ʱ䣬ڰ״
ԭˣ
ҶʵҲһظһ飬ÿһ䴸Ҫͬĵص㣬ȭ⾳
С֣ӽ쿪ʼؼ֮󣬶㸸״һʱ
ҶСֲؼҼǿѵҶ㽲˺ܶϸԵĶʱٶһҪȳơ
ɺҲܺأҪһ߶ȣҪôס
ܿѧԱ׷ˣ֮һҶʩ񣬷֮󣬽˳˼ı仯
Ȼǵʣһ˿仯
Ե⾳һ˵ʣı仯ľѾˡ
ǵ˵Ļ𣿡
ʮվһţȺҶָʾ
ף
ʮĻش
½ʦ׼ʮľͰ׼𣿡
Ҷûָʾǳ½Ӣʵ
׼ˣҪյˮҲ׼ˣ
½Ӣ֪ҶҪˣʲôӰҶҪһ£Ҷܽǵ̳ʲôӡ


1801 ͻ
ʮľͰڳһţ滹ܻȼգˮʼˡ
һһҪпʮҷ˭ûгȫݹ顣
ʮˣҶһֱ̬
ǣʦ
ѾᵽҶֶΣȻˣҶ㶼ܾȻرҶһλᣬһҪ
ʮȫ飬һ
šʯ
Ҷ㳯Ÿʯ˺һ䡣
ʦ
˾֮󣬶ҶޱȵľηһĤݡ
ҪͻƵܲͻƣȫȡԼͿûˣ
Ҷʮ֣صĳ˵ֻдﵽܶϱǵʵŻ巭һ
ʦҲͻƵ
˺ȻЩ˼飬ϴ˷ܸܳôңԶһͻƣҲùˡ
ԺͿԼ򵥵İҲһЩ֮飬Ƽͥ
ʲôԺҪ۵Ĵڣûģ
ҶһȣǲҪǰ״̬ѣ˰Ҷ㣬ҶҪģҲʾ
ǣʦ
˺˷ܣܿ쿪ʼ֣һǲ棬һؽһѣѧԱҲܵ˴̼
رҶ˵ҪͻƵǴ̼ÿһˣ׷óѹ׵ľ
½ӢĶǵսľܶ˶ıԵʱڶԷ
Ҷ򵥵ļ仰޷˵ĳ֣ﻹǰģһǴ˼ѪĶʿ
ͣ
и洫ѪɽҶȻĿţʮʮ棬Ҷ治ϵظ
⽣ӰѪȾʯ棬ûͬǣҲҪҶ㼤ǣ϶̶̼Ĵ̼ˡ
һ˶ˣʳ˭Ҳ޷ֹ
ڵײ̫ãҪһλᣬҶûڿΣеֻɱ¾еۣʵ֮е
һʱȥˣȻڽ֣ûƣһʱͺľԪǽ죬һʱֹȥˡ
ɫҰףҧ֣ҲҪͻֻеһĵλ
ʱȥˣѾͣ½ŲˮһеĿѵ۽гһϸ죬ҶԽԽϲˡ
˵ز𣬿ʼ鴤ƣľһ˿
ȻûҲԶˣʱҲʧѪ
ľͰ֮Уת촫ڸǵĹ죡
ҶһȣľͰ֮С
ŷĿˮʮȴܻ滹ȼգҪǽȥҪ̵һƤ
ԥʲôҽȥȻͳͳҹ
ԥҶķˣҪǲȥȥ
ŻʯҧҧһܺˣҲˡ
۾ֱľͰ֮У˲ûзҽȻ¶һ˿ı顣
ʱҲŷ׷Ч£һ˽ȥСǱһһľͰ֮С
ǵӦҵĻҪϸִУȥڳݹ顣
ʮ˶˽ȥҶظĻ
ʮЩ֮ɫǸղȷʵЩ£ֻԥһ¡
ҶҪ̣κԥʱ䣬ֱڵˮ档
ʼȫתˮ֮УȻһǵʼϴǵ塣
һ˿˿ڵʣǵ汻޳ȥˮ֮С
½Ӣ鷳ˣӴ棡
Ҷ½ӢǱȽϿӴ棬ǱҪҩУѾͣܶҩ
½ӢҵӴ棬ʮ˴죬ѾɫʼŤȵģ棬ڴ壬ǵĽ
Ȼƶҵĺӣ⼸½Ӣ˺֪ܶʶȻ֪Ҷٸϴë裬ֺ£Ѽ
컯֮ʼ궯ƯʮϿգҶᣬո컯֮
ţʯǻԥʲôһҳ
ŸʯԥϾңɼ޴֡
Ҷһȣͬһǰ鳣ѡ
ٳɣٵתʹԺ컯֮ˡ
һɨö񾧳ˣһ󷨣ʮ档
ʱ䣬ͻȻޱŨ컯֮ˣҶ㲼һ
Ҳ컯֮һ͵ʮ档
ֶΣ
½ӢѾݴ˿뷨ԼǼ꣬ҲҶһʱ䡣
úѧŰɣ㽫ܲͻƵʾкܴİ
½½ӢҲúõѧѧҶ㡣
ϵϢһֱ仯Щ֮󣬿ʼתһ׳ķγˡ
ʯҲʼתϧһͻƵĻ
ȻС֣һͻƵƷڲϵǰҲǺȥ֮˴һȦ
Ӷܿ˿ʼͻƣһƷƷƷƷƷƷǳ֮١
½Ӣʮһͻƾ磬ʼҶĽѧ飬ҲҪһЩıˡ
СֺܿﵽƷǳ֮٣Ҷ㴫ڸɵϹкܴĹϵ
ˣĴǣСûκεĹǣʦʲôʲôܿҲоˡ
ֻʦиõЧ
̣
ռͻȻһ궯ܵ˵Ĵ̼ͻȻӴյ˲忪磬
ʯҲҲһƷ
һöö񾧿ʼըΪǵ档
ʮҲʮ˴ﵽ˾ƷҲֻһ֮ң
һͰˮȻЧ֪ͰҩѾŵҩζ
һʶ˳ҩ档
ԭ峺ˮǵ̬ǳ֪࣬ж١
뿪ľͰ
ڴȥûкôлЩʻ档
ûκεĳɣֱľͰųһţ
ȵʱ֣ҲŻ˫ۣЩ˼飬ǲţǾȻͻˡ
洫ȵ˻
رʯţ˵ֱһָԶ֫
ʦǵĸûҲûǽ죬һݣ
˹ҶһͷлҶ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷǶ֪ͼĻ֮ˣҶնɱ
Ϥһµľ磬Ϥһ似ı仯
ҶûǿϤһ¾ı仯
ҷ׷߽Ժ棬ʼϤ磬似ǵ似ʼ˱仯


1802 ʥ
ȵƻ裬ҲϢ׷ȥϴȥˣǵļϸ˲٣رŮ˾仯
Ϊƶ廹ûзȫȫˣ͹ĵط͹˳ðĵط˽ȥȫŮ
͸ˮԼӣŮˣһĥֵã
½ʦ鷳һ顣
ʲô˵ɣֻҪᾡ
һǧöõȥһݵӣյӣ
Ҷ̻һǧöĲ϶ĵˡ
ã
½ӢѾҶ㲻֮ͬѾֲˣôҩ׵㲻ҲҶġ
ҶҪ񾧣̻õİ취
ԻԴԼҲʮ˿ٵĳɳ
СҶ
½һӣҶĽѧʡ
СҶҿҲʼįǰһλᣬ
Ҷѵʮ˿ʼ½ܿҶļįкܴҰġ
ʲô᣿
Ҷʮֺ棬ȷʵİ
һ֮ѧԺ֮Ľ̫ѧԺõõΣʦȻ򣬵ʱѧԱԽԽ࣬ǴҽԴϲ
½ֿʼҶףҶݺݵĵһۡ
ûȤ
ҶһڻؾֻһЩĸʲô֮࣬ѹȤ
ҶĻش½Ҳƺ뵽ˡ
ѧԺҪܻùھԽʥ֮ϣʥܵõĽѧԺóϡԴҪͻƵʵزٲԴѧԺᣬһλᡣ
½Ҳ˵ҶãҶǲΪ
ֻʥô£ҶĽףҲʥųֵİɡ
˵˵ʥ飡
ԴҶȷһߣȸʥ顣
ʥҲһٶǰ˷֣һֻʥ֮ϣЩ˭ȥĦϧ޷ʥ塣
½˵˸û˵һȻܵʥ壬õóɼиƨá
ȱżʥǵ̣¼ܶشÿһгǶиֽᣬùھʸʥ壬ܲܵȥͿԼ컯ˡ
ʥֵʱȷʵ˺ܴĺ䶯ʱгǣ˭ȥϵ
֮£һЩ̸һƻÿ꣬ڸɾһۻᣬ˭ܻùھʸʥ塣
ĴѧԺҲͬˣÿһνᣬʤһȻԵʥ塣
ϰһЩѾƴˣϧ޷ʥֻ˳ɹϷ嶥
˶Ϊ۷ʣֻһ֮ң
ʥԽԽأΪھÿ˼ԴȥǶѧԺõ˹ھϧûһܵȥ
ҽĸѧԺᣬһ֮ĴѧԺѾ׼ˡ
Ȼ˵ĴѧԺᣬ̫ѧԺʲôϵ
̫ѧԺг֪˶١
ģ̫ѧԺڼǰҲǺպҲμӹֻ겻ѡ
˵꣬½һͨ죬ֹǲͲŴˡ
һʱ½ӢȥӸҶһöָӦö档
ǶǸǵ·
Ҷ嵥棬ʮ·ϵ·̫ˣʮö񾧾͸㶨ˣܱˣȻʮҲò
ʮ˻ϲصȥ·ȥˣȵʮȫֵʱ½Ӣ۾㲻ʶǼˡ
ǡ
еٷ磬Ůǧ˰ģﻹиղݵģȫǻһˡ
ΪҶıǵʣ廹̬˱仯ѾȥǷ׳
òûжı仯ʣһ˵ζ·˱Բ˲١
СһȦȴĺãԲ˲٣˼άҲʼˡ
ؼҰɣǵϿΣ
Ҷ˻֣ȻǻؼңɫˣҶҲҪʱ
һǧöҶ㻻˼ʮ񾧣㹻Լһʱˡ
ʱһȥҶ̫ѧԺҲʮʱ䣬ÿѵǣѵѾˣǳ֮١
ϰ壬ҪҶ̻ʻûУ
˹ҲǻһѣǷ֣Ҷ̻Ҫ˴ܶ࣬һʮʮ٣ָܶҪҶ̻
Ҷ̻ǧһգҷ˹֪Ҷס߻̫ˡ
֮УҶȻϴ½ӢĲϣкܶҩҶգҲֻǿƷԲԶ
ҩҪĵҩ
ҶԴΪĹϵҶ׵˺Ʒƿϧǰÿͻ֮󣬴ﵽԲ
֮˳Ҷ½ӢΣԼ˳ȥȥгǿܲ򵽺õҩ԰ԼͻƵƷ
ҶҰľֹˣΨдﵽʾȥĽǰˣѰƪ
½֪ûеҩͻƵƷ
֮ǰҶѯһ½Ͼǰʵɲ⡣
ʵ½ѾҶˣʮʱ䣬Ҷͻ磬Ȼ㡣
֪Ҷ֮УѾȹ˼꣬Ͳˣʱ䣬ͻ磬˵ǳˡ
̫񵤣
½ȻǸҶһֵҩгǣ¶ҵһöȻҵ˭ֿó
һ磬ĵҩ˭Ӷ࣬ضǣ˭ͻƾ硣
ֻЩ壬ţĵҩҲֻΪʹ֮ãÿһö۷ǳ֮
ƼĴ壬˵̫ãƶ̩Ҫʵʵ
֪һöҩֵ١
ҶҲֻ룬Ȼڵļʮ񾧣Ҳ޷
һһʵڲУֻʱۻҶڲȱʱ䣬֮Уĸıʱ
гǣϴǰûôͣϸۿһ£ϤĻ
Ҷһվȥ˹ᣬʮʱ䣬Ҷֿ̻˲㻻ȡ񾧣ڶһһЩҩ
ϰ壬ǲܣǾҪҶ̻˹ȻûۣдԺ󲻹ˡ
ܶ˾ۼ˹棬ڹ
رһЩߣȥɱޣҪ϶°빦ֱըޡ
Ĳ˼ڿô۸񶼲ࡣ
ƹæĽͷö⼸ܶ˶Ҷ̻˵ѹͲҪҶϴһǧöͱˡ
¶ԱȣܶǰʹõĶҶ̻ʹ֮󣬷ȫͬ
ҶԪأϡУγɱ֣Լǳ
ر磬ƷƷΪռ࣬ǳ֮


1803 ۵
Ҷ̤˹ᣬһĻʼʱ򻹲ܿˣԼ̻⵽˷
ҶͻȻ¶һߣƺ뵽ʲôˡ
ƹģҪǵĻ᳤
ҶһƧ֮أĵطûмˡ
һ᳤ʲô飿
᳤˶ܼģҪ
ǲǼȱҶ̻
Ҷֱ˵˵
ղŵĳҶ뵽˺üְ취һԼһ̣϶
ʱܿ뵽һ취Ӵˣüֱǿϧ
ʶҶ㣿
ƹʮֺ棬Ҷϴ˵ʱֹһ֮⣬Ҳûг֣ϴһŮùġ
ʶʶҶѣа취㵽Ҷ̻
Ҷ˵Ȼ޷٣Ʒ·һ۾ܿ
ܸ㵽Ҷ̻ƹĲҵҪǽˣ᳤϶ά
᳤Ҳʮͷۣ󲿷ˣҪҶ̻Ѿֵòɿˡ
ҪǴܻȥ϶˵Լ²һСС㲻
ҹԷΪҪȥԺ󹫻ỹô档

ƹĽҶһ䣬ȥ᳤ȥˡ
˷ԼĪһյʱ䣬׺ӻ᳤Ŷ룬һ۾ϳҶ㡣
ʱʱ򣬾ǻ᳤ԶҶòμġ
Ҷ㣬ˣ
᳤Ҷ㣬ǿʧɢĶһֱӸҶһӵͲҶ¹ˡ
᳤̫ˣ
ҶƲƲ죬᳤һı㣬ֻ湦ѡ
ƹһ㶣û뵽ԼľҶ㣬¶ϲɫһ
˺̸ܿҶֲֻ飬ǿߣ׬ȡԴ̫ˡ
᳤ҲһͷߣҶۣҪ̧ļ۸
ʵҲ޿ɺǣ̻˱Ͼ׬Сͷ׬Ǵͷ
Ҷ̻۸ѾܸˣҶֻ̧ۣԼ󣬲Һ̧۸𷴵Ч
Ҷֶ㿴ҸļλѾˣҲûжռ䣬ܲһԶṩһЩǵǿڼ۸ŻһЩ
᳤ҲǷŵӣҪҶṩڼ۸ϸҶһ֡
᳤ˣҲṩֻæûжʱ̻ڸߵļ۸Ҳ㲻
Ҷ˵Լ̫ʱ䣬Ϊ֮ɫǲó
ֶ۸Ĳ⣬ɣÿöڼӸ񾧣㿴ô
Ʒ۸ǧǧңҶѾǧӦ
ѾˣϾ᲻׵ļӼֻۣܴԼۣ۸ȻڼӣҲֻܼһٳˡ
ʵ۸޻˵ˣֻһ£Ҫǻ᳤ܰҽ˵Ҫ٣ÿöԭ۸㣬ÿ춼йӦ
Ҷ㿴ˣ˵ԼеѴ
Ŷ
ʲôѴ˵ǹܲܰŽ
᳤ΪҶ˵ǸƼҵĶԹ˹棬ζԹֲʲôޡ
ģƿһֱҪչأûʱ̻һö̫񵤣ǲ֪򵽡
Ҷװʮֿӣÿ仰벻ûʱ̻û᳤ܡ
̫񵤡
ĸ᳤֣ˣҶùѰһö̫񵤡
Ѱ죬гǣҲ¢ˣҵ
᳤̾ϢһҪ취ˣҵķ֣ʱ䰾ȥͺˡ
Ҳ֪Ѱ죬ҵĻ᳤ֻҪ᳤ܰҸ㵽һö̫񵤣Ժϣ۸Թ̫һԭ۹򣬾ԲΪѡ
ҶҲ֪²ܱƵ̫ҪŪˣ᳤ֱӳҶԺˣòʧĻҶ㡣
룬֮Ҹ𸴣
᳤ûֱӴӦҶ㣬Ҷ㳣깩ӦǺгǹ󽫻ᷭʱܻ϶ʹĻ᳤
ãҾͰˣǧöȥɽ˰ɣ
Ҷʮˬ죬һóǧöȽȼü֮
ܿ˰ȥˣһöǧļ۸ȥһö񾧵ĳɱҶ㾻׬ӽİ񾧣ǳĿɹˡ
Ҷóһ񾧹ϣȥԿ̻Ҷ㾳ԽԽߣҲԽԽܵӭһԹö
뿪ᣬҶ㿴ԼĶǧö˲䱻һ⣬ЩûߣȻ뿪ŹóҶ
һֱóˣóǧŪɳ׾˶Ϊ⽫Ҷ̻ҴţҪĿģ̧߼Ǯùʮֱ
˭뵽ģҶƺֻóǧöʹֻһСˣһС˰Լ
ĿĴﵽˣȻҶǲó
Ҳĵ˷ųҥԣ˵ⴢҶĿļ̌߼Ǯ
еȫ򹫻ߣѹǳĴϢò˶ãܴܻ
Ҷ㲻򵥣
֮У᳤ټʮʦԲߡ
ǹᴦڷ˼ϣҪ취Ȼ롣
һʦҲһ֮ɫҶ֮˵ʽ
Щ߼Ż˹һöгĶƷƷ֮䣬֮Ϊ㡣
Ǵôˣ
᳤ҲʮͷۣҶ̻ܺãֻû뵽鵽ֵز
ˣгǳƼ֮⣬û̫񵤡
ʦվѾ֪ˣҶҪ̫񵤻ȡԺԴԴϵĹӦ
ƼҸǹ޹ϸҪó̫񵤲ôףǴܻȡȻʱ䣬ǸҲ
ʦȻסˣΪǴû飬ԽԽңѾ˲ʰĵز
棬Ѿ˶µˮйͨԽԽ˾ۼڴˡ
ܶ˶ǿģҲǳĹ򣬹Ѿûˡ
̫񵤵ȥ㶨⼸Ͻ顣
᳤վԴƼǱߣֻԼˣȥ
Ҷص̫ѧԺǶЦˣû뵽γȥ벻Ч
ǹ᲻ԼˣȻѰ̫񵤣ֻҪ⣬͵취Լ㵽̫񵤡
򵥽̵似ʮ˺ܿ뿪̫ѧԺ
Ҷص䣬̻ιһ񾧵Ĳϣ̻ܿöƷ
۸ֻǣһöǧҡ
гڼƣһҲˮнÿǳĿɲ
⼸Ҷû½ûйʣһֱеĺŲˮֻǲ֮УᵽѧԺ档
ҶҲشԼʵûҶ㲻Ӧκ顣
ʦ磡
ɫһҶԺ棬ȻСֵһ
ʦʦˡ
ҶͻȻ糾͵ĳ


1804 ѧԺ
ҶڽСȭʱҶ˽϶Ǻˮ
ʲôˣ
ҶɫҶʵ
ššʯ˴ˣǺˡ
Ҷ˵ܻͨ籨š
½Ӣô߳Ҷ˵ˣ˹ȥ
ȥ
µദҶҲһĸ飬ʦͽ֮֮顣
ѧԺ
ſΧźܶˣĴѧԺıڶԺΪȥĹھ
ϻżˣѪܵٵ˺
һĶƾǼҲμѧԺᣬϽؼҰɣ
һ֮ɫαͻȻðһ̫ѧԺҪμӣһȻǸѧԺѾķϼˡ
һɱ⣬һƷƷ֣оͱܣܶԷݺݵ衣
̫ѧԺҲѧԺƾʲôûʸμӣ
վ˳һ̫ѧԺǲ˶ͻƵԡ
ƨѧԺƾȺҲμѧԺᣬǿЦ֮ϽؼңһȺ⵰ѶòμӣЦˡ
ÿҪμѧԺᣬͷշѣԻùھôֹһ㣬ƾյıѣһʲƵԴ
Ƕ˼ҵĺӣж񾧱һҪһǧ񾧣˵ûУȻʮ˴һҲһǧö
һȭͷʮ˸ϴˣ⵽˶ѧԺݺݵĴ
ǶѧԺ̫Եˣȥ걨һ˲һ񾧣껻ǶѧԺȻҪһһǧôȥ
ȥھǾѧԺ˼ҲԵһһ񾧡
굽˶ѧԺȴһȡһǧʮӳ߲ҲŮģѧԺֻһû֡
ȥȥ꣬ǽ꣬ٲݹǲˣ
ѧԺһЩѧԱĴ£Χʮˣĳ
ΪŸʯ˲ܵΪأʱƣ»º֢
ţǻ˰ɣ
ʱ˹Ʋ˼ңڴȥҲԳ裬ǲϵĳЦ衣
УǱҪѧϰ似ǸʲôģǾָһ죬ܳͷڻˣҪͷأҪΪˡ
ʯһȣƴҲҪμѧԺᡣ
Żʯ˲ѾһѪˣɫ
ʱѧԺҲ׷׵ˣϾҪῪʼӣѧԺǰѧԺѧԺսѧԺȵȣǰǼǡ
߷һЩ״ֵı飬Ϊ⼸ѧԺѧԺʦǹġ
̫ѧԺԼǰģټΪҶѹûμӣֲֻᡣ
֮£Լ˹μӡ
ǲ֪ƾǼҲ뱨ǣ񾧣Ҳ뱨
һŭеĳŵұն˹ȥ׼ϵš
ƷϺݺݵѹסˣ޷
ֻĿĳ£ֱۣòײųѵҪ
ϱۣȻܳЧ϶ǰˣԺ󷢻Ӷܵơ
ͣ
Ȼ֮䣬һƺâ֣ߣһޱϢ֡
ĳסˣ޷ǰһ֮˳ųѸӵֱۡ
ܴ̹ǵĺ⣬潫ĳֱۻǱסˣ޷
ʱҶСֻҶԶ˹½Ӣһʱ˹ȥŵˣơ
ʦˣ
㣡
ʹҶ㣬ɫʮѿϴθҶƴ似ҲҶ㣬Ҷ̤ƷǶ֡
ҵѧԱֻһͷ
Ҷ˵ֱǷˣԼĺסûԼֱòˡ
ʦǶѧԺǱɷ˵ͽǴˣ
˶Χղŵ˵һ飬ѧԺֱ̫Եˡ
֪ˣ˵һԣ
Ҷĵʩչ˴ʥ˵ϢĻָܿѪ衣
Сӣ㾹ȻǶѧԺſҰѾ֪ͨ˵ʦһڣ
ʹҧгݣˣʮʹࡣ
ž
һöƳˣףֱӽɨɳȥݺݵĵһʺ
ĴѧԺ˶ѧԺȻ˴гϷˡ
ѧԱû뵽Ҷǿƣ׷׷ŭйеŭ
˭ﵷң
ӶѧԺ棬ӰһǺεʦҶˣҶһɱ档
Ҷ֮󣬺εʦҲǳֹ֮ɫǰҶŶѧԺ
ﵷң
εʦɫ࣬Լӱסɢɱ
ѧԺôɣҵѧԱǰܱҵˣ˸ô㡣
ҶЦһεʦƷҶѹ
ǶѧԺ£ʲôʱֵָֻˣ㲻һ˵ؤʲôʸСУ
εʦһƣɫȻ޷ϵĺ֮
ŰԵѧԺûнѧԺ̫ѧԺǰк֮ǶѧԺ̫ѧԺǶùھԲŹѹİɡ
ѧԺ˱ǲԣҶڴ̫ѧԺȻʸ
Ҷ䳰ȷúεʦɫԽԽѿҶǴ̫ѧԺǶѧԺȷʵ̫ˡ
ܺãȻ̫ѧԺǽıҿǸ㣬ѧԺᣬƾЩˣҲΣֱǿЦ֮ҵǲμӣһǺúõƷһ£ǶѧԺĺ
εʦҶЩˣ¶Ц֮ɫ
ʵߵĲһƷҲμѧԱᣬѰ·ʲô
ģ̫ѧԺܲõΣҲ˵㡣
Ҷ㷴˻ȥаʱ䣬㹻Լʵˡ
˫ԣѧԺȻ￪սȻҪսҲҪѧԺϡ
Ǳ
εʦߵļѧԱһڰͲҶǲμӣʱԺݺݵһ١
ûȡκεķãʮȫμѧԺᡣ
СӣѧԺҲеʦһҲҲμӣ
ѧԱˣεʦĿȻҶҲҪμӡ
ڴϣܹҶˡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ȷʵûԼȥμѧԺᡣ
̫ѧԺǲɣǲμӣ
˵ĲҶ㣬½ӢǰƷμӾʸдԼҶ֡
ҶŮˣԼͬ𣬾Ա
ܺãºһǹŴ̨
Ҷд棬εʦ¶֮ɫ·𿴵Ҷ㱻ģ


1805 ˽
ҶҪܾѾˣȻˣ֮󣬾Ҫμӡ
ǻȥ
ҶѧԱȻصѧԺаʱ䣬Ҫ
̫ѧԺʮѧԺվһţǷ˴ĺӡ
ǸѧԺ鷳ʦ۽ȥˡ
ʦԲѧԺ
վ˳ϴʯҲվͷҪμӽѧԺᡣ
أΪԼ𣿡
Ҷ㳯ʣµʵ
½վԶûвüͷ壬ղŷ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
Ȼϣ̫ѧԺμӣǵ˶ѧԺóȻμӣ֪ЩѧԱʵ£ȥμҲǰװ
Ǵˣ
ʮһϴ̫ѧԺˡ
Ǻδ֮У̫ѧԺǲΪʲôܲμӡ
Ҷ㷴ʣǺδ֮УֻǶѧԺ̫ˡ
ʦҲͬǲμѧԺᣡ
˻ҶĿƺͬǲμӡ
˵̫磬ʵȥҲǰװ
ҶܿŴһˮ˵ȫˡ
Ҷ˵ûʵȥҲǵ׵ĴڣѧԺƷ£߼òμӡ
ʦǾƷͲơ
ʮˣлмȻھƷȥ˼һָͷ
ֻʣ°ʱ䣬Ҫǳɳ̫̫ѡ
½ӢҪ嵥֮ǰһҪȫ
ǳĬҶûм˵ȥӸ½ӢһӣϽȥ
½ӢҲʶԣȥμѧԺᣬȷʵΪˡ
뵽ҶûֶΣ½Ӣȼһ˿ϣ
½Ҫǳȥ֮
Ҷ㳯½˵뿪̫ѧԺ
ȥɣȥɣ
½ûֹڰﲻҶʲôֻȫ֧֡
˻ȥ߼ˣ²ܻȥˣ֮ǰѧԺϣ
Ҷ㳯ʮ˺ȵǸϽؼң֪ͨҪʧʱ䡣
һУҶԺ棬ˣΨһİ취Ǿһпܣ
һʱ֮ʮѧԺ½ϻ֪ͨ˼
½ӢҲ֮ǰõжķҶһ񾧣˲ϡ
˸ߣ
Ҷʮ뿪̫ѧԺֻ½Ӣ½վԺ档
ףڶ̶̰£ʵ𣿡
½ӢȻҶ㣬ʱ̫ˣֻаʱ䡣

½ףޱ֣أһιغ̫ѧԺһ˶ѧԺ̫ѧԺ϶⵽пĴ
һֱг棬ܿʧҶһɨʮһʧ
ɽ֮УҶҵһѨȴǡ
࣬ʮˣܵȥˣô׵硣
ҶӰӻ֣ʮվһţȺҶָʾ
ϻҲ˵ˣˣأֻһ䣬벻뱨𣡡
˿˵ʲôǷϻֻһ䣬벻뱨
룡
ʮ뻮һĻشСҲ⣬뱨
ܺãӣһηǳпѵȻǶ뱨ó־
Ҷޱ˻һս϶ûкˡ
Ϊ˱ǻȥˣҲҪȥ
һ׵֮ʮϣܿ챻Уһˡ
һ죬꣬ҶҪһǧʱѵǣɵϣҲܳɳ
ҶһԣʼƵҩԴԴϵĵҩ֣Ӧ
ҹҶ뿪࣬ǰгǣǸ᳤Լõӣ֪̫׼ôˡ
֪Ҷǰ᳤ѵȺʱԭİ档
᳤
Ҷʮֿıһȭ
Ҷֶض˵
ʱ䣬ѾһˣҪҶٲ֣гǷֻҪŴ󼪡
᳤֪ҪĶ׼ôˣ
ҶҲʵ̫񵤿İԼһ磬ҶȲˡ
̫ҿԸ㣬Ҳһÿ뱣֤һǧöӦϵ㲻õģȸ㡣
᳤ֱӿҶõ̫֮󣬲ϹӦˡ
û⣡
ҶûκԥֱӴӦˣ˫ǹӮҶҲôƽ⡣
Ժôϵ㣬ϴһʧӰ˰ɣ
᳤ǲģҶõ̫񵤣ֱ֮ˡ
̫ѧԺػ᳤֪ɣ
̫ѧԺڼǰҲǺպ˹᲻֪ܲ
̫ѧԺ
᳤һ㶣Ȼ֪̫ѧԺֻ벻Ҷ̫ѧԺʲôϵ
̫ѧԺĵʦÿᰲ˽͹㾡ɷġ
ԷʮֽҶֻ˵Լ̫ѧԺĵʦ
̫񵤣һöֵǧɾΪ֮ĺöֻհۣϣܳںȥ
᳤óһƿֻǴӦƼһƼóһö̫񵤣⵹û᳤ʡȥ˲˼
᳤ʵ㻹ûа취Ū̫񵤣۸⡣
һö̫ѽüȼ֮ΪҶҪμѧԺᣬ϶߼ȻͻƵƷҲûʤ㡣
ûУ⻹һ˺ܴĹŸ㵽
᳤ֱҡҡͷһöǻȥҪܡ
ҶֻýӹһöͻƵƷ˵
ôż𣿡
᳤ʮֺ棬ҶᣬȫûбҪżһһӡ
ʵҪμӰ֮ѧԺᣬĿǰľ磬ȥҲǶˣҪ磡
Ҷ㽫Լʵ˵һ顣
᳤˵ͷѧԺӾǰʱгһЩͷ˶ǰȻ֪顣
ҪȲ磬ҵиطҲȥ
᳤ҲܵҶȾҶָһ·

Ҷ׷ʡ
᳤һԼʧˣҪڸĶҶȥǸطҪˣԺ󹫻ô졣
᳤ǲǵģʲôΣգԺ޷Ӧˡ
Ҷ᳤ȻᵣģҶֱӴ˻᳤˼
᳤˵Ҷ֮оͿˣȻˡ
᳤صģһöάʮʱ䣬ҲܻŻһ˰ѿ̻ĵѽ蹫ᣬԺȻûҿ̻Ҳģ³Σ
Ҷ㽫᳤еĺ֮Ƕ뵽ˣҪԼˣ˽ڸᣬԺҲԿ̻Լͬķ
Ҷ㽫˵˷ϣ᳤Ҳ˵ʲô
һöҶܻǧ񾧣ȥ̫񵤵ķãʣǧ㹻Ҷͻƺüˡ
ֻҶȱʱ䣬֮УһֱĿǧʱ䣬Ʋһ硣
˽磡
Ҷ˾ģ᳤ҶˣԺҲģ³ԥҶһط
˽磿
Ҷһͷˮһ˵ط
û˽磬Ҫ磬˽õĵطֻܽȥͻƵԶ뿪
᳤򵥵˵һЩ顣
һ޷ٽһͻ磬Ѱᡣ


1806 
˽紦һСķ϶֮У֮󣬾һÿ춼
ԼĹÿϣҪһˣ˽
֮󣬱Ҫʮ뿪ͻƵʾȻ뿪˽硣
ܶ׼֮˽磬ѰᣬһͻƵʾͿЦˡ
˽֮Ҷûκεԥֱ˽磬˽ͻƸ߼
࣬ҶˣȻڲǣѾȥˣŻʯѾ˳ﵽƷʵǳɲ
Ҷ㽫ԴڸˣƷһս֮ѧԺȣҶ㽫еϣϡ
˶ͻƵ˶ƷʵҲһƷˣ֮ǰû뵽ġ
мʱ䣬ͻƵƷӦòǵʱҶǿи츳ѾЩˣΨһǷȱľʱ䡣
Ҷȱľʱ䣬ʱ䷨ҶŤת
˴ʱ䣬Ҷڿ˽ڣðɫϢ
̷̫񵤣ҶѾ˳ͻƵƷ۷壬ûκεĺ֢̫񵤹ȻǺöҶҪ취㵽֡
˽ڣҶŵζ壬Ҷ˴֮ÿԲ䡣
Ա˵֮ǶҩҶ˵Ǵ֮
Ҷ棬ԴԴϵҶĴҲ
һ磬ҶһƬ磬ɵģûдգҲûд£ֻһտ硣
ϵضܷѾϵͼܷУֱǾһ
ѹ᳤ֻҶǰ˽磬ʮÿ˽˲ܻųָ
ϣҪһ˽磬Ҫ˽ûˣҶڣĹôŵģû˿Ըı䡣
˽֮Уһᣬһžͻһ磬ǲ֪ܲɵ
һʱ䣬Ӧңϻһʱ䣬Ҷʩչʹ֮Ѹٽ˽
֮ǰֻҪϵȫشͿˡ
˽мһȫشϣ˽߶ҪϵⱻԵ
Ǹ߼ϲϵҲ·һأ궼û˴ơ
˰죬ҶҲûҵӰӣɫһ㰵ۿҪˣԽԽŨ֮ʼʴҶ塣
ȸϻذȫشѰң
Ҷмȥֻмû֮¿һԲΡ
ͻȻڵϣֲӰʮˡ
ˣʮһҶ㿴˹϶ǴŹ֮ɫ
ʲôʱƷҽ˽ˣ
һƷӷЦΪҶѰ·ڳʮˣһƷҡ
˴ﵽ˾Ʒ̶ȣϣҵᣬ˳ͻƵ硣
ղųҶĻëҲƷرǿҶ㲻Ʒ¶Цݡ
Ѿˣ˽죬Ϳ뿪˽磬˳ͻһؾ硣
ϻˣϾ͵Ͻ£˭ι񣡡
һߴ˻ëÿ϶һι񣬲Ȼ˶ҪǹأȻˣҪعء
ҶʶɨһʮˣƷƷƷҶһƷһʮһˡ
˽ĿۼҶϣʮ֮⣬Ҷʵͣ˽ĹأȻʵ͵ι
Сӣˣ
ëֻҶ֣϶Ʒһϣʱֵܲ˭Ҳ˵׼ͻƵƷ
˭˵ιʵ͵һ
ҶЦһԥֱӳˣëѹ˹ȥ
ʮʱ䣬Ҷ˵Ǹܣͻƾ磬϶ΪļƷ
Ҷ벻ҶͻȻ֣֮ơ
˭֪֮ûˣҶսپȽһ˽˵
ëûκηӦҲû뵽ҶͻȻ֣ȵӦʱһƺˣֱӷԭء
ͣ
һαˣëҶһƷٶȣϺ֮һëҲˣû뵽Ҷ֡
˷׷¶֮ɫû뵽ҶǿƷ˲ѹƷ
ѹ˻ëҶҵһɾĵطʮ˶ǶӪû壬ͺðˡ
ҽɣѣ
ʱһӳҶ߹ȻҪҶ㽻ѣҲƷƿҶֶ֮󣬲Ҷڨ
Ϊ˽𣿡
ҶЦһʮ˸Ļ̥Ҷ㵱Ȼй¶Լĵϸ
ЩΣΪܸҶ㽻ѣ˭֪Ҷһģֻ˵Լĵط
ҶĿ˼ʶȻ۲ܣ֮ǳ֮ŨҶ޼ɵգħ֮Уݱɴ壬Ҷġ
һ죬ʮ죬˽ѹֻܶǰ
Ҫᣬޱ󣬲ɼһţ϶
ˡ
ռͻȻһȺ۷䳯߷ɹ
Ҷ˫ۣ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫǰ治Զһͷ­
ˣϽӳƷȻǶҪ
ÿ֮ǰҶˣ˭ƷļƷ϶ǻëˣҶƷ
֣ë¶֮ɫϧסˣ޷
Ҷһɨë˳ȥֱǰ
һǿ֣ë˵֮£ֱӱɽȥܿʧ
˼Ʒʼȥɫ­ͷһʧ£Ҷﶼֱ
̫ǿǾ޴ԴһӴС׵ɵһС
뿪Ҷһȫˣȶȹȥ˵Ѱᡣ
һҹʱ䣬໥֮жȹɫһҶವһʧԭأһ뿪
ʱȣãã˽֮УѰҴ˵֮еᡣ
ۣ֮Ҷϣ͸ۣܷ֮һЩߣ϶˷˺ܶࡣ
ˣҶ߿֮ϣ֮һ͸ȥ͸Ҳ͸棬硣
˭Ҳ֪ںδҶҪģѰÿһ䡣
ףǱЩ
֮ͻȻסһط컹ֻûע⡣
ವһʧԭأ֮ĵطһƬڣСĹ˽磬϶ˣγɡ
һ޴ķĹ棬һᲱҲûмҶӣֻĹַ紵ҶȻ䡣
ùĵط
Ҷ㾭ˣǰľҶ㻹ëȻҪҪֲ
һڽɭ׵ĹͷӷĹ¶ʮа񣬷·Щʱܸһ
ѰһȦҶ㻹Ƿֲʲôʮ֣ѵԼ֮ۿ˲ɡ
Ị̇ܶҶұƬҲûӰӣԽԽŨ
Ҷֻ÷ǰ


1807 ʬ
ת뿪Ҷһر꣬취֮۷ԼϢ϶ûֻԼûҵѡ
صĵطҶ㷢ֶһˣҲǽˣʵڰƷ
ɾȻڰ˳ͻƵ˰ƷĿǰʵ͵Ҷ㣬һˡ
ӿҶûκԥֱӳҶ֡
Ҷˣǽ͸ļƷ϶ԼҶˣҶ㣬ܰȫĶȹϡ
˭Ҳû˵Ŀţ˽Ĺأڽʱ򣬾Ҫء
˭ƻ˹أҶҪ

Ҷ㻹ûзѣԷȷˣϲֱֳ֣֮ѹȥ
䣡
˼򵥵ĽһΣ£˵ʵҪȻëԸһ
Сӣҽоŷ壬˽ϣҾʮˣ԰ȫ뿪Ҫ
˽оŷ壬ѾʱˣֻҪ˽Ͱȫˡ
Ȼˣαôżȥιɣ
ҶͻȻһޱȵϢʱ˻ûмƷЩƷͻˣǿѡһˡ
Ҷ㲻뽫ƾֱʩչֻ֮ţŷݺݵѹȥ
¡
ֻ֮ųˣǼƷ׷̧ͷҶ㿴˹
ԭսѾǶĹעֻ֮ţʮ𾪣ֵ⣬ܶ˶ûм
ǣ
ŷǵǱʲôѹһ㣬жٶȴ

飬ҶֶǿĵҶĿǰʹĵҲĵ
ͣ
ǾŷܼʱұۻǱ֮סˣ޷
Ҷ㲻ɱǲҪ˵ģҪļƷ

ŶԷ建һ̣ˣһŷԭء
һжڵʯ֮ŷ屻ҶѹסˣļƷӦþˡ
һУҶĿɨһȦֺܶ˴żɵ֮ɫԼ
ƷûˣʵζǰƷô졣
ҴҲҶǱм˽ѵҪ֣Ҷ㶨ɡ
ҶҲע⵽ˣԼղŵֶΣȷʵ˲ˣٲʵǳΣա
ƷҶ㶼ұ֤ܻܲƷһΧԼǱɡ
һʱ֮ˣҶ㽫ŷ嶪˹ȥûŷĲҽɵ˾ŷ֮󣬺ܿߣ뵽޾˽֮С
ҹֻǰȫģһ뿪򣬵û
Ҷܣֲīɫ۾ڿߣʮаӦöȥЩ飬Ʒȴ
ɫˣҶѾˣÿ컹ҪһʱѵʮˣԼҪѰᣬҶ㼸ѹեԼеǱ
ǸطҶٴε쳤ڷͷϵᲱЩ仯ƺ˼ƬҶӡ
Ҷûпʱϸϸһ飬һʮƬҶӣǽƬʮֹ졣
ѵĹ棿
ҶͻȻðһ뷨Ტǳϣǳڵ¡
һ˭ʵһͳ棬Ҳпڵ¡
ҶͨһЩۣ֮͸ֵ·ǳ֮ƺаҶΪȡ
䣡
Ҷһе棬һ޴ӣȻһͨ
һԾʱҶ˲ôˣûΣգȥ˵
ͨΪɵһǺܿҲһߣǵԹ
ۣԽԽҶֻõȼ˻֣ܡ
ǽϣֺܶצӡǳĹŹ֣еһЩצӣġ
ҶʮָǽϱȻһ£ЩצӡԼʮָʮƣָֻףô
Խߣͨ𽥱Ҷ㾯ойΣյϢ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬ǰͨˣҶһ꣬ǰһ޴Ĺмڷźüڹײģʮа
ÿһڹײ棬̻Ҷ㿴·η
ᣡ
ҶͻȻ˷ܵڹײһͷһڵСҲᣬȻͷģ
­ͷ棬һᣬҶ㶼ܵõͻƵƷˡ
ʮСģҶСǰ⾪ײĹҶ͸ֹۣ֮ײʬûиá
꣬ҶҶ϶һ˹⽨ġ
ǡ
ײͻȻǵָʹĻʮ̶ִҶͣסŲ
ģ
ײĸǱƿһëëĶˣǽʬǽʬô򵥡
ʬ
Ҷһ𣬾ȻǺʬЩаڽ̣˲ɱصĵطµյʬ
ʬȱ֤ʬȣҲʬǻڣǵǰ飬Ҳ˵Ǹ˼άֻ࣬ǵ˼άѾޱаֻҪԻˡ
ѹ˸ҿԼ֮⣬Щ˶û

ʬ﷢һĹЦҶʱŷ֣Զǽǣʮ߸õãĲֹԼһˣ
ʬٶ죬Ҷ㻹ûзֹʱѾҶ˹ٶ죬ǳ֮
ݣ
Ҷʩչ˺ϣܽס
ֱӸʬֱϣжǺܿ첻˼һĻˣʬڵĳҧȥһһڽҶĺȥ
Բۣ
Ҷһ䣬ʲô
ɱ¾֮һƥĽն£ݺݵնʬ档
ϣ
һĽʬϳһɫӡǣѾ˵ǹĳ̶ȡ
⻹ô򣡡
ҶЩˣʬȸ߼ȫ޷֮ƿô졣
ղһȻŭʬһĺУҶ˹
Ҷֻܣ޷ȥǰȴ޷õֱǱˡ
Ľף취ûа취õᣬ뿪
Ҷʱ佹Լκιʬϣ޷˺ֺǲĴڡ
ǣƣȥȡᣡ
ǰֻˣϣǣһ£Ҷժ뿪
ˣֳɱʬݺݵնȥ
ϣ
ǻĽʬһֱУȻ޷ƿ壬ҵĳҲ˺塣
ǣסˣҶ׼ȥժᡣ
ء
ʬͻȻĽҶͣסŲҶƵˡ
⼸ײ棬ʬʵʬ¡
һˣҶ㶼ͷöֳҶ޵ĶˣԼһʬ
ںҲûˣʬסҶȥ·ǽѡ
ʬϣÿųһţʬȥͻ깦ȴﵽһĳ̶ȣͿ뿪ˡ


1808 Ʒ
Ҷˣһʬͷöðסȥ·ѵҶҪڴ˲ɡ
ûκԥҶֱʩչдӡͷʬѹȥ
䣡
궼ڻζʬסҶһֱУҶ˹
ǵٶ죬ȻҶ㣬Ҷƣڱ
ʱһһĹȥҶʱ䲻ˣڰ˳ͻƵ߼ȻϻȥҲ·һ
컯֮ţ
ٲսپһϣ·һ
䶼·һҶ㻹ƴһѣһ߻ᡣ
ǿ컯֮ųˣһʬѹԭأ޷
ûκγɣһʬҶ˹ٶޱȡ
ͣ
ޱȼָҶļѪ͸˳
ŵѪζͷʬ׷ˣ컯֮ѹʬŬҪ컯֮ŵѹҶ˹
֮ţ
ҶһУûʱ䴦˿ڣѪӿʩչʥʱ䶼ûС
֮ųˣһͷʬѹסˣŻѹͷʬҶѾɽˮĵز
֮Ҷʩչ˺üΣʬûлǣƲˣֻм򵥵־޷֮Ȼ˵ɱ
ֻ֮ţ
ŻˣһʬҲҶѹԭء
κε⣬޷ƿʬ壬ΨŻѹסǣҲֻǶݵʱ䡣
Сľ֣
Ҷ޷Լ־ѹʬʱȥժȡᡣ
ˮľ׼ˣವһֻǳˣöȫժȡ
ܵᱻˣʬ׷ˣһУ濪ʼζĹײԼƿһʬˡ
ʬӷĹҶ㺹ë
ߣ
Ҷ㼸һ˲䣬ʩչʹ֮ʧڵ£Զȥ
˿̵ڣʬ֣ڵϻζʧᣬǺܷŭ
Ҷ£Ͳôһ㣬һ㣬϶ᱻʬסʱᶼѷˡ
ҵһ֮أҶ֮УʮȻڱչ
似ǵ⣬ʮϸҶҪ
һҶóһöᣬʮа񣬾Ȼһͷ­צȻϣҶ
գ
Ҷֱӽħ֮УŨҵĵħˣʼᡣ
һϢӾħ֮ɢҶ壬ľ磬Ҷղܡ
׵ģҶ㾳͵Ʒκε׼·ˮɡ
ϢʼҶ壬ûиãҶڷٵһǿķˡ
ͬʱըҶɽȥʼһŭ
Զʮ˿ҶͻƵľһŵò˵ˡ
ȫҶľ磬ƷʵҶϢѾڰƷˡ
ϢԽԽǿᣬһöᣬȻôЧҶûκεĳɣóڶöᣬ
ϢֳˣҶľﵽƷ۷壬Ʒֻһ֮ң
ķǧ񾧣ҶľȹŵѾ޷ˣҶܿȥˡ
һöҶûŸʮˣһΣѧԺᣬʧ
غҶ㽫ǰ;̫ѧԺܲܳɳһηǳؼԺҶԽ̫ѧԺΪܣԴԴϵԼԴ
ҶڵĽȣͻưƷҲò˶ãҶѹȥ׼˽úôһ糹ȹ
ɫ𽥰Ҷ֮УѾȹ˼ʮʱ䣬óһöᣬĥ֮Ƴɵÿ˷һ
ʣ¼ʮҶŻã϶ҪˣΪԼ£ƾʮ˻
뿪࣬սħ֮Уֻھħ棬ܸ˽ϵȻʮ˶ᱻ˽Ŵ֮뿪
˿ɫѾˣҶûʹ֮ﵽ˸߼ҶԼС
ϢҶһԾ˰ȫ򣬵һϻ˻ûл
ȻλãĿϵȹ̾磬ͻҶҪһʱ䣬׵ͻˡ
ಣ
һӰ£ߣƷʵǳĿֲ
ҶȻֻһ£ܿԭأʼ
˽һնʮգ˭Ҳ˷ʱ䣬Ȼʲô
ķǿᣬʱ̽ǿѹǿĶ
ಡ
һӰ֣ˣֶһˣӦҲǰŽƷ
󲿷ֽƷƷ֮䣬ƷֻײײûлͻƵʾ
һûаȫ˽磬ķôпᣬȥϲһܻ
СӣֵǼƷˣ
һ֮ɫҶϣԭҶϵ˭֪ҶȻ
ͻƵ˰ƷʵȻҶѾ£һˡ
Ҷ㿴һɣ¶Ϣûǡ
Сӣ㲻˵Ϳ𣬽ˣ
ʹһһվ˿γˣһ𹲽ˡ

ΪҶ㻹άƷϢɲš
һţдӡˣףֱӽץס޷ǿƷϢˡ
ⲻܣôƷ
Ҳţ̶һʱ䣬ҶﵽƷ̶ȡ
˵һ㶼Ϊ
ҶĿŸղվӣŵһ£ֱ˻ȥ
߻һƷγˣüͷ΢壬ϲԾɢһɱ
˽ˣһԹƽ˵Ҫγˣǲƽˡ
ҴˣҴˣҰɣҾͿԳȥˣѡղžҪһԸ㡣
ָŸղվӣˡ
ɣСˣҪҵģ˵ҪҪһ𡣡
վվָɵıӣĻ
Ѫˣ¸ңһҾͳȥˣôܸСϡ
ɸҶϣȥ
ұ죡
Ҷһȣɻֻñտڲرϴž֮ɫҶ
үˣϣСŹҰɣ
ɽ󣬸ҶҶһ
һѹƷ˶Ҷʵɲ⣬ƾƷԽѹˡ
ˣ
ˣףˣϵġ
һɨɵ˳ȥֱɡ
ϣÿһƷҶѡģ˺󱳿ʼϾƷʣ߸˭ֵ֪˭
ڷˣǸҺڿԣ
ʱ˵Ʒһ֣ƷпܻܣƷһ¾ڷˣֱնɱ


1809 ڤ
ʮƽ뿪ˣһҲϣҵᣬͻ֮󣬾ͰȫˣϾƷкǿ
ҽ֪Сֵôƺ
һ˹Ҷߣʮֿʵ
ղźڿǰĻѵû𣬲׼ˣ
Ҷ˵һ˿ĸ顣
СֵˣǸˣֻǽѶѣԺȥ໥ҲһӦ
ʮ̸ֹֿʮʿôҲܵ˽
һˣ׼֮Ǳûа취Ż·
ñҶ㣬Ǳβ߽˽磬ȻҲðΣա
Ҷ㣡
Ҷ㱨ҪΪ̸ֹͨˣֻǾЩͰˡ
ҶֵܸղźֶΣĳ֪Ҷֵܽˣ
ŽǺ˽⣬ҲҶˣʵ
죡
Ҷһֱ䣬ʲô顣
ҶһӣЦѡ
ҶСֵܣȥܲܰһæ
Žܲܰʮ죬˭Ҳ֪
ţҶһܻųȥ
ʲôæ
ҶתԴԼʱΣգŵһⲻ󣬴ǿͻƵƷԾƷһս֮ˡ
ȥɽׯһˣ
óһŻ滭һӣģЩơ
زʶƾʲôҡ
Ҷʮֺ棬ʮˣΪʲôԼȥˡ
ֱ˱ıûУֱ㽫һΪˡ
ֱ˵˵˿ɻˡ
ԭ򣡡
ҪԼȥܵиԭҶ㲻Ե޹ʵİæ
ʵҶӣ¼һʣһҰѶӷھɽׯҶֵܴչˣǱ꣬ϣҶֵЦɡ
ԭΪԼź£޷뿪˽磬ίҶչĶӡ
Ҷʶһɨָ˲ٺöҩ꣬ǾϸѡǷǳҩ
ǧöвƷ񾧣ǳĺȻȫ͸Ҷ㡣
Ͳ˶£
ҶûнӣֻЦеʵ
ֻ˵۹ˣ
ָҶΣǰʮ֮УֻҶһˡ
ҿԴӦ㣬ǲұ֤ҵһᰲԺȥ·
Ҷӹ˴ָΪںȱԴЩÿԼ
ҾͶлҶֵˣԺΪչˡ
裬ĶӣҲ¼һˣľھɽׯ
Ҷһ׵ΣҶҲ˸ףҲӦ
뿪ɽһʱˣҲ֪ΣҲ´ӶẰˡ
˺ܶ࣬ɫˣҿʼ½ȥ˽ޱ޼ʣ˭Ҳ֪ᡣ
Ҷ뿪֮ȻǸطһҶ㲻ǳģ֮Ҷ׼
ʩչҶֻ֮ţĸı˵ǿġ
ɵУֵϻʬټʧȥᣬǲϻصײ棬Ѱҡ
֮ϣҶħ֮Ҳʼ죬壬Ҷ档
ͻȻüһҶֹͣգϿȥȻҲ˳Ǻڿߡ
űصʬڿüͷ壬ͷֻ޷֣˭֪˽ȵˡ
ҶͻƵƷڿƺ뵽ʲôת뿪
ڿ뿪Ҷ˼һ£֪ĲֹԼһˣڿ߿϶Ҳֻ֪޷ȥõѡ
ҶϢε˼£ĵĸȥҪڿҪʲô
һƬأڿͻȻͣס壬˴ڣӰ߳һӰڣһһ
ʬرƻˣʧѾˣ˭͵ᡣ
ڿƺʮ־ǰɫ飬ʮֹ˵
֪ˣ˵𣿡
ɫɢϢҶ㿴üͷ壬ѵЩʬǺɫ黿Ĳɣ
ʼҶͻɣʬΪģȻʬأȻ²û
˽Ҷ㣬Ϣ
ڿʮֹĻش𣬽Ҷһһʮ˵˳
֪ˣ⼸㶢һ㣬뿪˽磬Ȼ˶Ը
ɫͻȻһʧ·𲻴һ뿪˽硣
Ҷûв´Ӧʾֻһͨط뵽˽磬ڿ߽
˭
ɫʧڿҪ뿪ͻȻһ΢ˣҶҪ뿪ȴڿ߷ˡ
ϾԷǾƷԲƿ֮ڣƸղǽţûзֵҶ㡣
㣡
ҶӰ˳ڿһ֮ɫ
ڿǰû뵽ڤһ廹ϢҪǴȥ֪᲻Ⱥ֮
ղǺɫ飬ڤһ壬˺Ѿ뿪磬ڤ硣
˭֪ˣҶԭڤ˽ⲻǺܶ࣬ղĽͻȻԼڤʮֹ죬һֱҪͨʬ硣
û˷ʤ磬һڤ壬ֱնɱ
Сӣ֪֪̫ˡ
ڿ¶ɱ⣬Ҫɱˣڤļϸһ֪롣
ɱڣ
ҶЦ⣬ͻƵƷҶһ¾ƷܷսʤϾѧԺᣬоƷĴڡ
Ȼ֪ˣȻܷ뿪ԸͶڤ壬ǿһ
ڿɫһҶ㿿˭֪Ҷ˿ûߵ˼
Ըڤ߹飬ϧ˲ϲԼ
Ҷ̯̯֣һ֮ɫڤ岻һС壬ռ磬ֱˡ
ǾԹˣɣ
ڤݲй¶ȥԱҪնɱҶ㣬Ҷüöᣬ֮ɱÿЩʬ
ǿľƷҶϯǳ֮ɲƷ⾳ʼתʷˣ֪ҪȰƷǿٱ
һ־֮ƣҶߵĻᣬĺ
úã
Ҷ㲻˷зˣһƳڿѹȥϣҶȫھƷ
ڷϣҶʤһöᣬҶһͷҪй
䣡
˺ݺݵײһ𣬽ĳЩɳȥ
ಣ
ڿ뿪Щ߳ʮһ֮УҪܡ
ҶҲವһ뿪Ƭҵһɾĵط֡
һɲ˲ϵӿܣԾƷҶԽսԽ£Ǳȫھ
ˬ
ҶԽԽˬԭ绹ȹ̣Ʒһ֮Ҷ㷢ԼľԽԽȡ
дӡ
һǴȥǷԲڿ߱޿ɱܣƷ磬ȻҶսƽ֡


1810 Ʒ
Ҷǿɲӡ޾ķƣڿѾľˡ
Ҷ֮ϣͬƽ֯ȫһ٣ڿߵƺݺݵѹȥ
ڤƣ
ڿͻȻʩչڤƷɫ·һ磬ȴʵʵڳ֣͸
׵˺ҶӡҶ
ͣ
Ҷðһ̣ڤ֮ǸûֶΣ˷ʤ
ʥָ֣ҶüͷҪǶԸһľƷҶӦȫаջɱ
ľƷҶЩѶȡ
ڿһľƷȻҲ䵽ڤ߹ֻڤƷǳ֣ûκε̬
и
ҶһУиˣγڿߵ޷
ܵ٣ڿ¶֮ɫһð󳤳һë
ʬ
ҶһڤóǷֳʬմϣǾǶҩǿ߶Ҫ֮
ڿϾȻֶʬһ֣ҶĴиڻˣɲ֮
㻹еʶɲһʬǷֳǧʬϹģֻҪմһΣʶҪ
ڿݷЦʬȻǧʬγɵģǸǿɲ
컯֮ţѹ
Ҷֱʩչ컯֮ţúڿݿԼȻǿ˰ٶֵĳ̶ȣ˭ֵ֪ܲܵʬ
һ޴Żֱ˺ڿݵͷϣͻȻһ˺ܶࡣ

Ҷ㲻κεĵ֮ģԼĵһһʩչ
һ֣ڿʧȥҶټߵǬڿݸоԼʱ֮С
ʱ
Ҷ컯֮ţôס˺ڿݣʩչʱúڿʧȥʱʶ
ʱڼٵţڿݸоԼҲţϳһ˿֮ɫ
ܲʱ䷨ˣ缫٣ֻв壬ܲʱ䷨Ҳ˶л

ǧҶַʩչˣڿԭʧȥҶټߵҶںδ
ͣ
ԲǱ壬ڿݱסˣҪƿҪӴ߳һ컯֮ŵѹ
ɱ¾
ҶͻȻʮָðݱֱӲڿݵ棬һжڵʯ֮䷢
ȵڿ߷ӦʱķѾڿʧҶ˹ȥ
úúãһƷҿԽͻƵƷˡ
ҶЦˣЦĺа񣬾ƷޱǿᣬһöᣬҶչ
ʱ䣬ڿֻʣһƤҶյһɶ
ָҶߣʣµƤԶ֮УӴԺҲûкڿˡ
ߣ
ҶʧԭأղսӦע⣬Ѿ˳߸ˡ
ϢĨҶ֮У˭Ҳ֣ᷢղ﷢һս
֮УҶ򿪺ڿߵĴָǶЦˡ
ƷϾǸС
һ񾧣ڼƣвƷ񾧣㹻Ҷӻһʱˡ
ҩҶöóп̻Ĳϡ
ڤƣ
ҶͻȻһϿһɫСӣдڤĸ֣Ӧڤ崫ڿߵġ
Ǻö͵Ϯˣ
ڤƿɲҵʹãһ©ȥŪ÷ôԼڤˡ
ɱ͵ϮĺöҶ׼ԼӸһ£뵽дӡ֮У˾޷ˡ
ʬ
һƿ֮УҶ㿴ʬûиȥãֻʶ鿴һȻǧʬ
ƹڤĺòϣҶҪȻо綾Ƴɵҩ֮󣬷иõá
ϥ£ѹƲסˣıֱӳ忪ҶƷ磬ﵽ˰Ʒ̶ȡ
ըҶĵٶԽԽ죬ÿһζģ񾧣ȴҲ֧ŲҶʱ䡣
ͻ֮Ҷȹ˾磬ƹڤʱ޿̷ãǿҶ
ʮ˽˹һ˷ʮöڤǷȥǿ
źԥ̷ȥ˲һڤ֮УǺڤȪ
ڤȪӹ磬Ҳڤ磬ֻҶû뵽ڤ塣
ץʱ
Ҷ˵ҪԼʮ˲ҳɣ׷׳ȥһ
ǻڣ׷ڷٵ
ȫҶĵ˵ͷ뿪࣬ɫˣ׼صȫش
Ҷʮֿ
Ҷֵܣˣ
ʮֿҶк
һɻǺڿ߻ûлҶ˽
ڿ߽Ѿʮˣȴٳٲȥ˭ҲΪʲô
ڿȥˣ
һɽӵһɻ֮ɫ
ʱ䲻ˣʱ򻹲˲⡣
һƷ˵
ߣƷҲ˽𣿡
ɽʮ𾴵ĳƺһƷߣǰʶ
˽Σأʶ䣬οǾƷ
˵ûʲôܡ
ϾҪˣϽѡ˭ǼƷ
ղֻǹ˵ʱ䲻ˣϾ͵
ҽ񶼿Ҷ㣬⼸ϣҶƷĿҶ㣬˭Ҳ
ȥ
ûеҶ˵˵ˣֱӵ
ɣϱɡ
ƾʲôң
վغ
ûΪʲô
ߴŲɾܾĿǹأ˭ȭͷ˭Ƿƿ
Щ¶ֻı飬Ϊм͵ˣֻҪͿ԰ȫ뿪
Ӳ
ͻȻֳһƷ֣
Ϊ۸һģԸºͣʵҲߣ׼
ͣ
һƺâˣԭأ޷
˭Ҳû뵽ҶͻȻˣףƺҪʵǿһ
лҶֵܣ
ŸмĿŪûƴһܾˣ㰾˽ô죬ˣ϶Լ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵
ߣ˵ˣ׼Ѿ˴ء
ҶȻְ˲γˡ
ʮΪѣڿݻڣ϶Ҷ㣬ںڿˣһܲѹסҶ㣬ûаա
ûߣھʵߣӦҪһ˵
Ͼ޷뿪ŪþͻֵˣΨһİ취Ǹ㶨Ҷ㣬ǽƾԼı¡
λСֵܣôðɣ
̽ԵʵûдӵĿǣҶʮּɵ
㲻
Ҷʵ˭ҲվҶޱȰ˵
ˣԼþƷȻҶ㳰ˡ
Сӣ֪ڸ˭˵𣡡
Щ²ֱ̨ӳҶŭһ
㲻벽ڿݵĺ󳾣ʵʵı졣
ҶͻȻ߶ŵ߻һ𣬴ſ־֮ɫҶ㡣


1811 뿪˽
Ҷһףը߻
ߣôˣ
ɽ߿ɫҰףæǰʵ
߰˰֣ûӣżɵ֮ɫҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬ڿݱɱˣ
߸Ҷ㴫ϴŲ֮ɫƷȻҶնɱ
ԣ
Ҷǣȥˣ߲ʶȤҶ㲻һ̡
СˣˣѾƻ˹ء
һףҪʱһϽ뿪ⱻҶˡ
Ҷ⣬̫ˡ
ղŻȳҶ㣬ȴ֧Ҷ㣬׷ʲô飬˭Ҳ֪
ǴܿҶѾΪߣ߶ҪҶɫ¡
ˣ˳ȥΪļƷ
ʱһȥҶҲ߰ˣڼ䶼˵㣬֮⣬˶
ʮԽԽ٣ֽˣһ׼ʮ׺ݣһСһ
Ҷֵܣҽ뿪ˣϣԺлټ
뿪ˣͻȻðƷٲŽ˳׾ˡ
һӶʮˣƷˣʣµĶǾƷرǽŽģʵֲܿ
ϴ˲Ǻܶడܲάֵʮ֮󡣡
ˣֻ߸ˣû˽ֵֻܼʱ䡣
γˣʣһЩˣԾĽĿ⿴Ҷ㣬ĿǰֻҶܿˡ
㣬ΪļƷ
ӣͷǸͷһʮֱͣӵҶ㡣
ҲǿҶᣬϲƷԲ֡
Ҷ㿴һۣû˵ȻԭϷŹһ˿һʱ䡣
СӣȻǺϴǲǻĲͷˡ
һ˳ֳִ󵶣ȻҪҶ֣׼ǿҶļƷ
룡
Ҷһ䣬һɴ̹ǵĺָ֣һ㣬ӱԭأ޷һ
ƷҶһлܣ˶ˡ
Сӣ㵨ɱҵˣ
ϴŭкˣһҶ㹥ƷʱЩƷƷɳȥ
һȺС󣡡
ҶͻȻʧԭأģдӡˡ
һ˿˿֣һ£֪ʲô飬䡣
ҲֻһУͱҶƷͻƵ˰ƷƷҶһ
һľ֮ɫҶֶ𾪣Ȼ֮ǿ
ҶֵܣֶΣ
Ҷ㣬ˣҲ֧Ųôá
һڵϣܣΪϽռݾԵƣ˽磬԰ȫĻ뿪
˭֪Ҷ㣬һоͽǻܡ
ˡ
ˣҶһУһֵӱҶ˳ȥֱӱԵ
ʣ¼ˣҶһɨǵʧˣҶҪǵķԼ塣
ʣˣһžη֮ɫҶ㣬ѹ߶Ҷ˿ԭԭġ
Ҷֵܣǰе£
˹ʮֹĳҶʩһ񣬵ҪߣնɱҶ㡣
ҶĿһۣû˵ĿȥˣЩ˵Լкιϵ
ʮһҶԻ뿪˼ˣǻҲҪԼ컯
ƷޱȿֲҶ֮УγһŭҶҪŭ𣬾ƷԽԽ
ڰ죬ҶӾħ֮ӳһˣֱӶ
ھ죬һֱʮ죬Ҷˣ;ֽˣ˽ʱ̶ʮ˱֡
ˣάʱ䣬ǺΪ֮
ʣˣҶ㽻Ѿˣڼ죬һֻҪ⣬ܰȫ뿪
ʵʱĺܿ죬ҲһͻƵƷ
󲿷ְƷֻ֮Ҫ˳ͻƵƷ
Ҷֵܣĵַȥ֮ȥ㡣
ԺҶ㣬Ҫܽһ뿪˽磬ͶҶ㡣
µַ֮Ҷ뿪ˣ˽硣
ҶҪ뿪˿ģҲ˲ġ
ҶˣԺÿҶɫ¡
һ˸ǿĶ֣û˿ˣһ
֮Ҷ򣬷ٵĳгǸȥ
ͻȻҶüһԼ˸ˣ˻٣ˡ
һڤ
Ҷ㶨ס壬ڤ֪ԼᣬѾ
֣һɫƷһ£ͷڵӦڤ塣
Ҷ㣡
һʮʵȻҲڤסˣΪһ߹
࣬ȻڤǶ档
ҶЦһԷȻԼ϶֪

ڤҲ֮٣аѱץ˼һһ˰ڲҶ˵ʹʮŭ
ɷ˵ӳҶˣɲϢǵأƷʵܲ
Ȼڤ߹ǳڤƵ
ҶЦһЦͻȻʧԭأдӡˡ
һ²Ʒڤƣûʴ͸ռ֮С
ͣ
һ㶣Ϣ̫ϤˣȻǸڤƣȻҪĻҪǿһҶ֮󣬸˷ʤ
а壬ӷһҺ
⼸ɫ䣬û뵽Ҷʵ֮ǿƷ̶һоͽ֮ܡ
һϣ
ʣһ֣ڤ壬Ҷص飬ٶȷǳ֮죬Լ֮ϣңȫ͸
⼸ˣҶѹٷƷҶһָͷ

ףҶȻʩչܿռȫסǵٶȴ

ڤ׵֮ǻ֮Դ
Ȼ׵֣ɫһΣϵıܿ׵磬Կ

ˣҶ㿪ʼոɱ¾֣֮һɨĸԴѪȾ˲񷡣
գ
Ҷ㽫ȫսħ֮У׼ôƷԴһʮֲֿ
նɱˣҶ㽫Ŀ׼ڤ壬ͻȻ˸֮ʩչ˼¡
ڤû뵽ҶٶȾȻ֮졣
Ȼ磬ȴ¶ݡ
ҶЦһ峤ֱ룬ڤǰһץֱץסɫ֡

ɫ£Ȼ¶һžòҶԭء
ڤҲһֻ֣ǵòƫһЩ۾ͫǽɫͫס
ⷢ˲䣬ڤһӣҶһƣ漴Զȥֱˡ
ڤٶ죬ҶҪ׷ϲôףֻܿźӰѸʧ
ĺɫֻеܿ콫ֶڤ绢񣬸ƲԺڽնɱ
𣿡
һķϵ֮ϣվʮڤ壬һӰ֣׷ǰ
ʧܣ
ڤһµ֣Լڵסˡ


1812 ܹ
ʱ䣬Զַɹڤ塣
죬ôŻ
һĿڤˣɢӿɲϢȻʼ
ӳ֣ڤ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ȫҵ鲻ġ
ڤ˵ԼλѾڤҷԼҪԽҡ
죬˵ˣȥǵҪȥˣθ潻
Ȫһ֮ɫ񲻶ϵɨ壬ǿҵռй¶
ܣһʵ
Լºܿ뿪Ȼǳȥǻصڤ硣
̫ʶȤڤʳѾǰ£ңԺΪ̣ĸ
һֺõ
ò˶ãͻԹԵĽҵĻڤҲûˡ
Ȫ¶֮ɫ뿪صڤ硣
гǣһɣ
ѧԺԽԽгҲÿĴѧԺһʢᣬǧ˲μӡ
ʦѧԱǳ֮࣬˵һ̫ѧԺ˺ܶ˵
ᰲںг⣬ÿ궼һ˹עС̨趨ٸܵλ
м򣬼費ٺλǺгԼԲͷˡ
вһЩŴ쵼׷ǰս
ϾĴѧԺʵһǿһǽѧǳ֮ߣҪŻҪϵͳ
µ飬Ҫȫǣ𣡡
֮УŻȻһµʮˣҶʮ˵
ǧѲǸģˣһɳ֮ɫ
СǶ٣˵ͷ֪ҶҪʲôÿ϶ܣҶ㵱Ȼϣй¶ȥ
ʦİɣ֪ô
վ˳ٲȻΪʮ֮ףΪʵߣﵽƷ۷ǳ֮ɲ
ǧԻҶ㲻ϵĹۣʵս飬ԽսҲ֡
ʯҲƷ۷壬ʵһĲ࣬Ʒڣ۷廹һξ롣
֮ǰ˭뵽Ҳܴﵽ磬һƷ
ǧ꣬ҶķԴ۹֮г󣬶ҶĶ飬μġ
ҲԾԾԣһҪѧԺϴʡ
ֻŶԵʦ֮
ܺãס˵Ļ㣬Ǹң˵ʣԺͻۣҲ޿ܣ
Ҷɣʱ䣬ҲĿҶɳ
ǻǧ꣬ͻƵƷҶ㲻ʱ䣬ﵽ˰Ʒǻ̫ˡ
ۣôңԶĴ磬мܴﵽҶȻĿ˼
ƣ
Ҷкһʮ˽ϢȫҶ㶼һѹƷҡ
뿪࣬صʵ磬ᶨȥµǳء
ҽǣ
ҶʮˣٸгǣѧԺᣬܵˡ
ʮ˻ص̫ѧԺʱ½Ӣ͵Ⱥʱˡ
ǽӣҶ㵽ڻûл
˽ɢ׼ı
Ҷһʮ˼뿪ѧԺؼұȥˡ
ףҪμѧԺᣡ
СֻصңͰ͵ĳڴĸ˵
ҪμѧԺ᣿
Сֵĸһ֮ɫСִСǲȫܳôͺ֪ˡ
ȷ
СֵĸײȷΪСġ
ȯҴ̫ѧԺ
СóȯÿѧԺһԴԼļ˹ۿ
ҪμѧԺᣡ
ʯص֮󣬿ĸֲ˲٣ʯһʹֻҪõΣܳͷˣԺѧԺ뵼ʦְ
úӣúӣ
ʯʯԴȻģԼĺӣһгϢ
Ǳ㣬ҲҪ㿴ҵı֣
ſ̱ڴĸף㱳ȥ᳡ø׿Լı֡
ʮˣﲻͬľһϣü˿Լı֣֤ǲǷҲгͷصһ졣
Ҷ㰲ŵģ֪Ǽ֪ǲ˲ãõĶöࡣ
Ҷ㣬а𣿡
½ӢҶ㣬Щţغ̫ѧԺԺǷܴȥ
Ϊȳȥһˡ
Ҷ뿪̫ѧԺ½ڣæµѧԺ飬ΪԺܶҪΪ
Ҷٴ̤˹ʱ򣬻᳤ЩţҶĴ˽ųˡ
Ҷֶˣ׼ôˡ
ʮ죬Ҷóһĵһɶܶ˶ϣϽóҶ
׼ˣͿܲһγȥ
֮УҶ̻ɱʮƷҶԴǳ֮࣬ƾ񾧣ͽӽʮˡ
ж٣
Ҷϲ٣᳤˫۷⣬·ԴڳԼ֡
ʮö
Ҷóʮöǲǵ͵󲿷ֶƷƷ֮䣬۸ȻҲһࡣ
ʮöֵʮ񾧣˹Բȥ
᳤ҲҶֶˣرǿƷ֤ҶѾﵽ˰Ʒĳ̶ȣٶȣƿֲ
Щʱûôת㿴ɺãȴ򣬵񾧻㡣
᳤Ϻ꣬Ҫõȥ֮ڸҶ񾧣ⲻǿװ
Ҷｫ᳤ݺݵıһԼôȷʵûãҪùߣҶֲġ
ɣö۸Ҫԭ۸߳һǧöһţ᳤ΪԣھͿԽˡ
Ҷ㲻ҪŹᣬǾͰԼĹذ¡
ǰԼ۸һֱߣҲû׬ԴȨҶȻˡ
᳤Ϊˡ
᳤ѴĻֻԼһ̣۸ֻҪȹ󹫻ôһ㣬֪Թ󹫻ûӰ졣
Ҷ¶аЦû᳤￩һ¡
ˣԼ˵᳤̣ҲģҶ㲻ͬʮܻӭ
ҪûҶߣԹһܴʧʧȥ˺ܶԴŪöҪŴ󼪡
Ҷֶɣһö񾧣ûжռˡ
᳤ĳ˵һΪ֮ɫ
УЩǺķ˺ܶʱ䣬۸ܱ䣡
ҶֱӾܾЭԺͻᱻԷǣűߡ
Ȳܸ㽩ҲҪϵάȥһ˵ֶΣҶܹݣöԷ벻Լֵڲ
һ£һ𸴣
һǧ񾧵ļ۸᳤Ҫһ£
ΪʮޣҶһǧöǵСˣʤƣʧֻǸҶ׬ˡ
Ʒһö൱ڰǧ񾧣۸ǳİһóôԴȷʵЩѴ
ʱ֮󣬻᳤ȥõָʾ
ˣ԰ҶֶҪ󣬵ҲһҪ󡣡
᳤ٴγֱ֣ӴӦҶҪ


1813 ѧԺ
᳤֮󣬴ӦҶҪ󣬵ҲҪҶӦһ
˵ɣ
ҶϣЦеҪҪԼʲô
ǹһæ
᳤ֱ˵˵ȻҪҶæ
ʲôæ
Ҷһ֮ɫԼƷ磬Ҳֻ²㣬ỹԼڲƽ顣
ǺгǷֻμһֻҪܻúóɼǶ⻹н
᳤һЦ֮ɫҶ˵ǹʱԱˣܹκεԼ
ܿҶ˽ô£ԭ˷ֻкܶ࣬ÿܻһɸѡĸֻᾭӪãõܻʹ͡
Щзֻ᲻ǺܺãκܻܿǱߣѾ˼ʮˡ
˷ֻᣬټңгǲһˣ᳤һҶгǷֻᣬҪǻúΣн
òأ
ҶûֱӴӦһԴԶϾܶ඼۴УԼɲұ֤ܻúóɼ
㲻õģȻܻúóɼҲ㣬ֻҪ㾡˾ͺá
᳤Ҳɽ̫࣬ҶȻܲǳ͵һ֣Ҳﲻ۷塣
ⲻ֪Ҷ̻ʱһĹĶûõȫ̻磬ҪԽҶˣָ
Ͼӵöƾɱˡ
ãҴӦ㣡
ҶӦˣϾ˼ҰԼ٣ǺӮҲԺ˼ҵʱ
ҶֶһԴ
ҶӦ᳤һֻȻһʱ䣬ڰ֮Բż
һöҶõ˽ӽʮڵ񾧣ʣöҶ۽֮ó
񾧲ȱˣҶҪһЩװ˱ɱ¾֮ĳ̶ȡ
뿪˹ᣬҶص̫ѧԺ½Ѿˡ
СҶ
Ҷ½Ҷ֣ѵ½¶֣֮ɫ
£
Ҷ̫ѧԺ½һֱһ˦ƹ񣬴κ飬ǽ첻һ
һѧԺȵ顣
½Ҷ㵹һ裬ɫǺܺÿ
ѵҪ̫ѧԺ
½ϣҶ㿴һЩ
ûζѧԺԣҪ̫ѧԺϴα飬öѧԺɨأһҪѧԺᣬһЩԸ顣
½ԺЩһֱѧԺڲ飬֪ѧԺҪ̫ѧԺԲҶ
Ѿû·ˣ
Ҷһڲ裬˵
ô϶̫ѧԺѧԺ
ҶЦǧʮѽȣ¶ѧԺֻҪˣҶҲҪ
ȥѧԺ⵽裬ԼǽлӣںεʦҶҲʲȥ
ǺõģǶͨ˼ҵĺӣǾôпıǳԲ
½֪֮еģʮˣûкõĽҲûкõĹûкõԴҪЩĵӶԿѰ·
ԺЩ־Լ磬һеɣѧԺκҪһţ
ҶվӣصԼķ䣬ȺĵҶ֮Ҳ쳹гǡ
ɫһҶҪӣһ·һװɫ£Ҷĳг
½ӢҲһ׽£ޱȾ໥һۣ̤Ժӣ᳡ȥ
ʮǰȸϵ᳡ＯϣѧԺй̶λá
˿̵ĴϣܶҲ׷ӿ⣬ۿһʢһҲǽķչơ
Сʱ֮Ҷ˳ڳ⣬Ѿɽ˺
Сӣû뵽ǻĸǵڣ
һյأ˫ʮ໥ţΧźܶˡ
¹˭δ֪ϴ˲ӣո
ŲվԼĸĸʮˣĸ˹ۿǵı
˵û˶ûʬ˶ˣǿţô
һ֮ɫԼұ۵ڻʹǶѧԺǿ߰ұǷˡ
ʮѾǵյˣһԳ죬Ϊһ仰óȻ֣ἤŭ
Ƿϻʲǫ̂ϼ£
ʹǣƤ֮ûκε壬һʵ˵
ûһȺ֮ܣǻ֪˼ҵĺӣҲгͷصһ졣
ҶԸҲˣ֮˶һ˭ơ
СֵĸףСֵԴԼĶܽύôѣѾˣҴ˿гǣὫĿۼ
ǿʦˣ
ԶԶĿҶ½ӢǶ
Ҷ֣ѧԺЩһ޵ҧгݣֻ뿪صԼ
ʦ
ʮһҶʩ
׼𣡡
Ҷһȣܺ
ˣ
ʮ뻮һĻش˸񷣬öĤʹ
Զ˶߿˹׷ۣƺû֪̫ѧԺ֡
ʲôѧԺΪһû˵
˿ʼۣںгҲмʮˣֻ֪ĴѧԺ̫ѧԺȫ
̫ѧԺûѵǲŽѧԺ
˶ֻЩһ֪ǰ̫ѧԺҲ켫һʱ
ҵ˵ѧԺڼǰܳΪһѣѧԺһҹ֮߸
һʱ򵭵˵ƺѧԺ
һһ̸̫ѧԺϾ̫İˡ
ʮ˰ٺ˸ĸ֮һϴɪ֮飬һսڵǣѵôãȵþôһ졣
ѧԺսѧԺѧԺ˷׷׵ֻ̫ѧԺλ٣ֻȼʮֻ̫ѧԺߡ
򻮷ĴѧԺѹûа̫ѧԺֻһǶѡ
δǾѧԺһʦ̨ȥѾĲˣʱ˵
һһȵѧԺἴʼҺҵʥĹ̫۵Ĺǻӭ
ʥ̫ۣ綼ǺպۿѧԺᣬҲϡ档
ڼαϯϵһһŮ׷׾ʾ⣬ʥһʮҵӣ̫һŮӣֳַ
ⷽԲųϣҲм峤ϵȵȣǶۿνᡣ
βμѧԺѧԱһһǧˣʦʮˣȽѧԱΪʮΣ̭ƣÿֲóʱӮһһ֣Դơ
ܿ˱򣬴ﶼˣÿһΣ˶ס
ѧԺ֮ĽƣѧԺóǵĽùھһõеĽ
ΪͷÿȣѧԺóܶԴҲΪ˱ĹԴߣϾԴ̼˭ùھ
ѧԺĴһߣһ߳ѧԺսѧԺѧԺ½Ҳվӣ̫ѧԺȻμˣȻ档
ѧԺóһ񾧣ʮ׹һ似


1814 ֱ
ѧԺȻǴֱʣһ񾧣ǳ֮ˡ
һһ似˵
սѧԺóһ񾧣һǧ壡
սѧԺҲóһڵ񾧳ĴѧԺÿմĵӣǳɹۣĸѧԺһķãǼʮҡ
ǾѧԺóһ񾧣һǧ⡣һ̫񵤣
ѧԺĶˣһ𣬾񾧣ǳĿɹۣѧԺõھȻõȫԴ
ǶѧԺһ񾧣ʮ׹̫񵤣
ĴѧԺһһУѧԺǴֱʣóö̫񵤣ԹھڱصãȻҲǹѧԺ
ѧԺΪϽھ̻ĸѧԺùھڶѧԱᱩ
ϽǶѧԺһóԴ̼ЩѧԱõھиĽ
ֵ̫ѧԺˣ½һ֮ɫߵ̨ϡ
½Եõˣ֪̫ѧԺľ
ѧԺһʦų֮ɫЩӣѾ̫ѧԺĵϸһ

ܴһЦѧԺѧԱһЩۿˣ׷һֵӡ
ҿ̫ѧԺԴòҪ̫ѧԺóһ񾧳ֱ裡
ѧԺһʦŴ֪̫ѧԺĴĺܲá
һûԴûкõѧԱռμѧԺᣬֱ췽ҹ̷
ĴѧԺ׼öָķ콱̨ϣھͲ̫ѧԺˡ
̫ѧԺóһǧ񾧣һ񼶹
½ҧгݵ˵еļҵˣһ񾧣ȷò

½ֻóһǧ񾧣˵ѧԺѧԺ¶Ц⣬̫ѧԺġ
½ϲǸ̫ѧԺҪ͵Ҫѹ񾧣ǵ˵³˷ͷڵãҰĺ⵱ɳЦˡ
Ҷʱ򵭵˵ֳѹȥҶҪѹ񾧡
½һ𣬳Ҷ㿴˹ᡣ
ҾҪĳЩ˵ѣ̫ѧԺȱľԴ
Ǵĺʱ½ȻҲҶѾõԴ⡣
񾧣ǧһöƵĵҩŴҶ֪Ƶĵҩ̫񵤡
ȻһȼһöԶʮö̫ˡ
Ҷ㣬ڿЦɣ񾧣̫ѧԺȫˣҲֵôࡣ
ղ˵ҪֱʦվΪҶں˵˵
񾧣һöƵĵҩһ
Ҷóһöָ򿪽ƣ˭ʶԹۿ
񾧣˷ö
ڳֻ˹᳤ϣ͸Ҷʮڣڣֻһֶѡ
Ҷһóڳ½Ҳһѣ½ӢǾȵСϲϡ
ԭ뵽ˣ̫ѧԺ϶ҪûԴֻ˳Ц
˭֪Ҷݺݵ˦һ⣬һ񾧺˼óһγĴѧԺܺ͡
ղ˭˵ģҪóһ񾧳ֱ裡
ҶסѧԺ˵
ֳһƬĬѧԺҪȴҶ㷴²̨ˡ
ʦˣ
СָϽȡóҶסһѵ裬ʱ䣬Ѭ졣
ϲһڣ͸ɣ
ҶϽűӣСֵõһ˦һֱӷ˳ȥѧԺǱ¡
ѧԺˣһ裬Ҫÿ˶ҪմϣϽ¶ܣһš
˭֪Ҷ㻹˵óǳԡ
Ҷ㣬̫
ѧԺһǿߴһӣ˳ȥֱ˻᳡棬оա
̫
㲻⵽˵Ц̫ѧԺһֱųʵѧǶѧԺԣղִʴʣ˵ǹ֣޳ܵģûô޳ܵġ
ҶôԵЩѧԱ׷׵ĴΪҶͣҲıҶֶ𾪡
ѧԺտڲʱ˵˭֪Ҷϻûܡ
رѧԺҶ㵱ʱҲȥɨȥ
սѧԺѧԺҶ㶼㣬ϧʱ˭Ҳû¼ȡҶ֮£Ž̫ѧԺ
ˣڳˣ׼ɣ
˴̸֮ҪȥҪ
Ҷ㣬ûеǶѧԺһ
ѧԺվһƷҶ˵
ʲôܴѧԺ𡣡
Ҷŭһ䣬ʦɫ࣬ҶѹͲǷ
Ҷ㣬ǶѧԺҪһʮΪۣһҪ⳥ʮ񾧣ҲҶġ
ʦҲҶǶѧԺġ
ȻǶѧԺôԸԴңҺֶΪʮû˼Ҫľʮڣ
ԷҪģҶ档
Ҷʮڣ᳡ȫˣʥ̫ۣʮ񾧣ѻ൱һɽˡ
˷᳤ֻҲǰԾҶֻõʮڵ񾧣óڣѵϻʮڣ֣û᳤Ҷٴθ߿һۡ
ô𣡡
ʦٳٲ𻰣ҶЦһȻҲǱʹģվ˳
ѧԺʮʦ˵飬׶Ļǲġ
ѧԺռݾԵƣ̫ѧԺһȺ˼ҵĺӣȫһȼ
һյʱ䣬һ
ãǶѧԺˣ
ʮʦڴʮ񾧣һЩѧԱڴһЩڹ
ҪӮˣʮ񾧣㹻ǹϷˡ
ݣ
Ҷɳȥһöָڷʮڵ񾧣´᳡׷ˡ
룬ﵽһң˭ҪǹھῪһµļ¼
˶ʮֽţôֲ̫ˣҶ̫ѧԺһµʶ
̫ѧԺǺƾôԴ˲䷢չһѧԺ
˵ֳմﵽ˿ǰǵĳ̶ȡ
ʮ˸ЩˣҲ׷ܵ˸Ⱦû뵽Ǻӵʦ磬ƶѧԺ
ʮ񾧣ѧԺ֮ĽѧԺûκεĹϵ
Ҷ㣬̫ѧԺһʮˣǶѧԺɳʮˣ˭ӮöһȻʤߣûɣ
ıؿҪһˣΪѧԺи˶Թ档
û
ҶûԼʮˣѧԺٶ˲μӡ
Ҷ߲ռơ
رС֣ڻɵǺǵЦҲܲμѧԺᡣ
ڽ⣬ǲһ飬ɶѧԺ̫ѧԺȱԣһԶ̭ӮڸѧԺ
֧˸ı˹ںܶ˶ȲҪѧԺƴʮ϶ǳľʡ
ѧԺǱߣʼǲҪʮ֣һɫƷʵǳɲ
ֻҪʤųȻǻʤһѧԺڱصã˱ֵĺɡ


1815 һȭ
ѧԺǱߣܿѡʮˣ̫ѧԺûѡأֻʮˡ
ڿԱÿ飡
һ˳Ϊ˽ʡʱ䡣
С֣ͣǳս
ŻʯѹϷȻ׵ĳս
ǣʦ
ʮ˷ܣСָ߸˵̨жʮֳٻ˹Ц
ǵѧԺ𣿾Ȼһɵӣ
˴ЦСֻŹӣֱӷЦ֮
ԼӱɵӣСֵĸȭͷϱܲȻ
İɣһǾͻģ
Ҷ㵭˵ôҲõġ
ӶѧԺǱߣҲ߳ˣһʵǳɲƷ
С֣ϢȻͣһƷֻʳһ˿仯
Сӣڣ
շһ֮ɫĶС֡¶Ц·𿴵СֱԼնɱˡ
СҲ˵ȻɵǺǵЦţ˭һ
Ҿնֱۣ֪ǶѧԺ³
˺ΰһɱĶǴЦ
˴ˣҲնֱۣ֪̫ѧԺǿ󡣡
ɢһǿϢ˲佫˺ΰѹȥ
Ʒ
˷һ̫ѧԺĵӣȻҲƷ½ӢˣҶ̫ľϲ
𾪵Ĳֹǣǵļˣѣ춼ˣԼĺӴﵽƷĸĸվ
͵ĶҪ׼һְ͵˲䳯ѹҲƷ
ⲻܣһ֮ǰôܴﵽƷ
ѧԺһʦţֱվ£̫ѧԺĵϸȫҲʮѧԱһĶ
쾹Ȼ㷭ﵽƷֱ˼顣
ʲôֻѣʮӮ¾ųͿˣǵѧԱʵҲ͡
һʦ˵ͬƷ¹˭δ֪
ƽϢֻ̫ѧԺ̫ľȣһһէѾ͸̫ѧԺˡ
շɫЩҺԼĶһɵӣԼһоܽܣԼѡ
ʼ
ʼȻС֮⣬ٶǱһ
ɣ
շһСŭնȥһ˵ԼʧɱˣѧԺᣬʵǽֹɱ˵ģǷϵļֱֻۻǿԡ
ȭ
СּԭزͻȻһǫ̃̄ͬ˸ȭӡշ
ƷһɵӶƷʲôѧԺĵӡ
˽ĿۼҶϣȻҶǵĵʦ
Ҷڼʧ˰£ɳµʱ䡣
£Ҷôѵǵģû
ѧԺһʦЩϧҶΪˣû¼Ҷ㡣
䣡
շֱӵɳȥСһȭɡ
꣡
շоԼǻҪˣͷһѿСֵһȭͬһշеƣ˲߽⡣
һǰƣģСֲҪʽһȭ򷨣Ǿ衣
˭뵽һսĻС֣˹ƶΪСֱɣҶһϳһʧܡ
Сֵһȭ˶֪ԭɵҲԳΪ֡
ǿһȭȫһȭ֮С
ʥ°ͣζ˵һȭһɵӿ
ĵʦ㿴ûУÿ˵似йԣ
̫˵ͷϿһЩߣҶʩ̣ġ
˵̸ûбܻˣܿϢݳȥҶ̵ķ˲һʮѸٵĳɳ
ܿ˿ʼˣ̫ѧԺ׼Ҫȥû
½ףֱһӣдѧԱֳʼ칫
˺ΰԽսԽ𽥱ѹƣʼͬƷ̫ࡣ
ĽޱϬҶ㴫˴Դڲ֮ء
ϣ
һҶһ˺ΰɣͻȻһ䣬ͬ˺ΰܷӦ
꣡
ұϣֱͬһϣնϡ
˵һնֱۣ
ս䣬̨ѾҪˡ

˺ΰһĲҽУѪӿҪɱһʬ塣
սǸɾһߵ̬ƣĶѧԺǱߣ޻֮
͸ǿֲһйٱʣֲָ嶫ˣˣת
ˣȥɣ
ʮ˵ʵսǳķḻҶʱѵǶѧԺЩĻܱ⡣
ļιǱйٱʶѪӿֱˤ̨˹ȥ
ʹεģεġ
ս̫ѧԺʤ
صԼ˵ĸĸѾ޷ԼˣԼĶʲôʱôǿˡ
յʱ䣬ͬʱսȰʱʱ䣬Ǽѹ֡
ѧԺǱ߿ʼٵԲߣǵ鱨̫ѧԺǱϿô򵥣Ҳһͷǿĺһֱûбھѡ
һ̨
ѧԺ߳ٳûж˿ʼߴˣʱ䵢鲻ս
ӳڶ֣
ҶɳŮѧԱһѾ죬ʾɫһ˻
ǰǾǳСѼҶһ֮ȫ˰죬һǸ߾ͷ­̨̤
ʮҵĸĸȻôˣ˵һսԼĺӣһµʶ
ҶҶ㣬ҲͶأЩ죬Ǻÿؼң˵Ķǵʦ
ѧԺɳ֣ҪȻı޷ˡ
ѩҸߣԪأ
ѧԺʦһȣ˳УһŮʵڶѧԺƷУٮٮߡ
̨ѩԹҸ߶ӳԪضԽ
һζѧԺȻûд⣬ҲûйķϻһһصĽѵֲӣ
˲սһʮּңŮӺȻûôǿƣǵޱȡ
ѧԺʵȻǿﵽƷ۷壬ǵٶȣȴռơ
书Ψ첻ƣҶ㽫֮ǣٶϣռơ
ս𽥷仯巢ҵĦгĽϴԴܿ콫Ԫɣ̨
֣ܶӳйҲɣǿ似
ϲ֣֮
Ҷϲ֣֮һö޴ӡѹ£ѩҲһŮӣʺǿҵս˲䱻ɨȥ
˶ˣܵҸ﷢飬ӳץ˻ᣬôԴס˶֣һظϡ
Ѫɣǫ̈̄
ӳнˣȫţսʤ˶֣ɡ
ƺÿһУǶ׵ķ֣ǧкܴĹϵ


1816 ȫѹ
ǧ꣬似κһ似ǶԵеķʽҶ㲻ϵӦ
ѧԺЩˣѵʮѣûоɱ
ⷽ棬Ƿȱ̫̫ࡣ
սѧԺ͵±ϣ̫ѧԺʤʣµıҪˡ
ѧԺʵʦʦһɫ࣬͵ʴס
Ϊ̫ѧԺ˭֪̫ѧԺݺݵһ١
⻹ǴҪģؼʮڵ񾧣ֱǵͷ⣬ҪˣѧԺԴҪȱˡ
ԼȫʤʣµЩһĦȭƣЩͲסˣ̨
ѧԺѧԺսѧԺһ¶֮ɫ̫ѧԺ𣬳ǵ
֪Щ˶ҶģǺڣʱҶнѧԺЩҫǵˡ
Ǳ½Ѿæòɿˣܶ˷׷ǰ̫ѧԺ
棬ĻԣҦ£
˴ѧԺƷ۷ˣƸۣһ֣Ҳлᡣ
棬¶ŨŨɱ⣬˫ȭʣµıμˣⳡҲҪμӣҪݺһ
ñ˻ܣҲûлˣʧζ̭
ʯγ֣ţĳСһЩ
Ҷɨʮˣ¶ɺ֮ɫĶҶ㣬·Ҷ㣬һұ֡
־ԣ
Ҷˣһ
żҪ߳ҶĻҪϸִҶ㲻ѡҲΥҶ
Ҳע⵽ŵı飬׷׿Ҷ㣬һսغŽˣܽ⿪ĽᣬһӶź
Ÿʲô
Ҷһ䣬˻ŵһʱ˳ȥ̨ϡ
־гûżϳøţѡ֡
ƺҲע⵽ߣѡţһսز⡣
Сӣڵϣһ
ɫպûһɱţ֮ĳɳ
֮ǰʮȥһ˺ɨʮ˳ɳָ߶ȡ
棬ĩգһ֪ʲô
ŻðһɿɲϢҪȸղҶǿ
ŵϢɫ΢΢һ䣬ǵ͹š
ǱսҲʼˣԻж־׷׸˴˵Ķִúء
ǵʵǳĽӽΨһռƵǵս־սɣӵ쾡¡
ʼʱ򲻾ã˫ƾУǸһ۾ܿ־гһֱڿսĽࡣ
ʱ죬ʱ˺ܲӦֻҪһƿ˽࣬ʱ⡣
ץһ˿ᣬ־Ϊǿɣûӿٶȣӡˡ
Ҷ㽫дӡ𿪣ӦǵȻдӡҪһ似ǿ౶
䣡
ֱɣ־һֱ˳ɹ
ԲҲǸ־ɱƵƵöֺ޻֮һˣܿ˵̨Ե
ѧԺЩϲһʼסˣ̫ѧԺÿʤѹûļ
ѧԺʶԣǼҵѧԱѧԺȣǿ˶٣ࡣ
ѧԺȫûǽĹھƾҪ̫ѧԺˡ
ʮˣһжȡھʸŶӣ˭ƥС
Ÿսڽŵ״̬ʵ£Ÿһ£һͷͻҪնɱܸݡ
ɱһ
ʹõҶ㽫ɱһڸ
һ·ܴͻȻŴ󣬸ܲŵĳˡ
ֻϢ˲̨ƺһסˡ
棬㣡
εʦá
ϧѾˣɱһֱȡȫҪȫ׽κεĺۼ
꣡
ĸ첲
꣡
һ첲첲ɱһնϣѪӿ

̫ķŭֻնɱ֣ܷйеԹ
ţʹ˶ֹ
ҶͻȻŶҶǸ֣ɱ֣һĮɱ֡
һɱ棬ŹȻʹˣԿ϶ᷢ仯
źܲʣʦĻҲ𳤽һ棬һеԹɢȥ
·˶ˣ·һƬԴ˵ľ˱仯
ڸ򣡡
˷һĽ򿪣Ȼ봫˵֮еĸС
̣
ʮȥˣžȻƷһжǻԵɺϡ
˫ۣԼľ磬ڸԼľͻȻҶݺݵĿͷ
лʦ̻壡
ˣΪʦҪͻȻסɱ档
ɱһһʰǲܸڵľ硣
Ϊֻһô򵥣ҪľԺĳɳ޵İ
Լ˶ѣֻòһѡ
ҶʾʦڸˣҶܰǵҲֻôˣԺ·ôߣƾԼ־
ʣʮ˳ĬҶǺֹǽ֮֮ҲΪˣ¡
ѣͻƵƷһѪ˳
ſһ棬֮û˷ŭֻͬ顣
Ϊ߲һˣԸ档
ʧȥ˫ۣӴԺһˣһȽȽǣΪȽϡ
ΪʲôʦͻȻԼɱ档
ֻ̨ʣһˣ棬ʧѪ˹ȥ
ĬĬı̧ߣŴﵽƷɨѧԺ
ѧԺᣬչأʵֻƷƷǸ߼ˣ׼μӡ
;ͻƣⲢ;ͻƣӦμӱ
ųȫʤ̫ѧԺѧԺ֮˱ȶҶӮʮڵ񾧡
˼ҾЦˣ
ҶһɨöָԼǰʮڵ񾧰˿۲ˡ
ѧԺһѣ޲ھȥ˺Ҷ㡣
ҿʼף̫ѧԺѾ߱ڵʵˡ
üļѧԺĽᣬΪѧԺ˾ˣʵۿۣŪһҪˡ
óһ񾧣ö̫񵤣뵽ЩҪҶ֣֮ľڵѪ
ʣǧѧԱʼǩ׼̭ƣȥӮüߡ
̫ѧԺƬ򣬶ˣܶ˷ĳҪ̫ѧԺ½һ˸æ
ǸǵøӴкһҪҶӼ̫ѧԺ
Сֵĸױ˰ΧˣҶҪԼĺӼ̫ѧԺ
ﾭ̣һɵӣǰ⵽˼ҵĳȴˡ
һϣʮҳԺѧԺҲиչˡ
ʮ˿ԼĸһҸ֮ɫҲ׷ˮǵһ̫ˡ


1817 
ǧ̨ԳǩʽΪ̫ѧԺ٣һ𣬶ǸѧԺ֡
һֹȥˣ̫ѧԺʮȫѹ֣кܶѧԱƷǶ֡
۹ԣСʸÿһζһȭ֣ܶʼҶΪɵӣܳ鵽һ飬ʮˡ
ڲŷ֣һôʹ飬СֵȭԽԽǿûһʹõڶȭ
κζ֣һȭɣȭľһǰһȭһȭһȭѣϧЩ֣޷Сʹõڶȭ
ڼٵļ٣ֹ󣬶ѧԺֻʣ޼˵ùھˣҪúζܣˡ
ֻʣ°ˣ̫ѧԺȻͦʮǿһһܶ֡
żҲһл֣ܶϾ߳һ磬Խսڲţֱ䡣
Щɺǰ꣬ĴѧԺʮֽţð󣬿˭ǹھ
ǽ꣬ûжھĻ̫ѧԺ
Ȼˣ˭Ҳ޷սʤš
һʮ˲̭ѧԺֻʣˣѧԺҲֻʣ²ʮˣսѧԺʮˣ̫ѧԺȻʮˡ
ڶѧԺȫûǳˣһͿ
ǾѧԺѧԺᣡ
ڱȥûж˼ȫΪ̫ѧԺݣֱӷҲòھˡ
ѧԺսѧԺѧԺ໥һۣƺʣǿ̫ѧԺʮԽԽǿ󣬾սǳɳ̫ˡ
սѧԺҲ
սѧԺټ߰ѧԱǷ
ֻʣѧԺʣ߰ˣʵߵĲƷžܺɨ
Ҳ
ѧԺȻܲģʣһѧԺǹѲڣȻʣǷ˱
̫ѧԺýھԾԵƣʮ˶йھǱ
Ľ˭Ҳû뵽ƺһ֮У̫ѧԺѾ޷赲̶Сʱ䣬ۻǧˡ
ȡãͿ쵽񾧣ʱ䣬ǧˣļѧԺļ¼
ùھǼ˱ѣһԴԴϵ˼ų˺ܳĶ顣
гڼƣŶˣ֪̫ѧԺڶ̶̰ô֣ˡ
ôѧԱ½ӢҲɵˣ̫ѧԺôˡ
ҶҡҡͷѾ޷ֹˣһʰǣҲἷ̫ѧԺż
ˣѧԱ֮Ľ̫ѧԺùھǳ룡
óöָҶһöõĽҶ㣬񾧵֣ҶϿӽһˡ
ǼѧԺʦ֮Ľᣬ׼һ£һ֮гǩ
еǵʦ֮ĽѧԺʦ
ļѧԺʼĦȭƣѧԱꪳɳڵʦ棬һҪһӡ
ҶȻǿǰƷѧԺʦ󲿷ֶƷƷ֮䣬Ʒжʮˣʸھ
Ҷ㣬ҲҸٶһ
ѧԺһƷվղ˼ڵ񾧣취ҪӮ
ĺ˼һƷȻҪҴģҲӺ
ҶĻشǵò˹ЦȻǶѧԺ䲻ˣҪڵʦ棬ӮԴ
Ҷһ䳰ȷһ֮ɫ
ȻǶѧԺģȥֻΪѵĽܣûôԴˡ
Ҷŵ˵ܶѧԺġ
ҶӦѧԺǱ߶¶Ц⣬Ҷ㲻ӦֻҪӦͺðˡ
ٳʮ񾧣ҲҶġ
һζѧԺʮڣһη׬ʮڣȻǴֱʡ
һڵ񾧣ǶѧԺɣҪѧԺһ겻Ժ޷άѧԺˡ
Դ޷ӦѧԱ
ѧԱԴӦûöӦԴһѧԺҵʲôǡ
ôĶעò˰࣬Ѿ߸һ˵˼άѧԺֻѡĬɽۻ
̫ѧԺǶѧԺį֮䣬һᱻ̭
ûԴҪװǣĴĺƣ
Ҷ㲻ϵЦԷղźòײŴʮڣòԴˡ
ģѾѧԺԴˡ
忴ҶӦ¶Ц⣬ôƷ϶սʤҶ㡣
Ǿ͵Դ˵
ҶսȲöԷǣűߣҪԼĹ
һеʦ׼ˡ
ҪǲУǧܳǿֱ䣡
Ҷ㾯½ӢθѧԺ̫ѧԺУ䡣
İɣ֪ô
½ӢȻ֪ҶʲôѧԱʤˣΪʦȻҲܶƷܳ־ͺܲˡ
һƷһ־ͻ̭
ܿѧԺ˼ʦһɫʾȻ߷飬ѧԺע⣬ĵʦ
ʮʦһ𣬽ղŷ򵥵˵һ飬üǿ߷׷׿Ҷ㣬ȻҲ𾪡
Ҷ㣬һ飬ҪڼӴʮڵĳ룬֪ɸң
ղŻʮڣ˼֮󣬽ӴʮڣѧԺƸˡ
ʮڣһѧԺƲЩʦҲʧҵ
ȻѸԴҺֶΪ
ҶЦˣЦĺܿġ
ö̫񵤣Ҷȫа˲ͻƵƷ
ﵽ˾ƷЩʶԼ֣ôԴлṺһЩ챦һö߼񵤣ͻƵʾ
ֻҪʾҶȥѰƪܸһƿ
ʮڣô֣ѧԺȫ岻Ҫ붼У̫ɲˣȫҵĽࡣ
ҲʮֽţѧԺᣬֱ۽磬߸˵֪
ùھʸʥ壬ʥİء
ҶսѧԺһ¶֮ɫ޲Ҷ㣬ѧԺĿˡ
½ֹͣ˱غ̫ѧԺߵ̨ϣһء
ڿʼǩ
ǰһǩ໥ǩһŵŲȣһʮʦ
û׵ĿܣпͬһѧԺ鵽һֻܹá
Ҷֳһʮţм䡣
ʮѧԱȡ˺óɼڷ׷˫Ŀע̨Ҷź
ʮŵĶӦǶʮһţҶʮһֻ̨δ̨
һεʦУѧԺǿƷԹھڱصá
һֳˣսѧԺһʦʵҲߣƷȽϿҶ㱧һȭ
壬ָ̣
սѧԺоѧԺڱһֱҶȥʱûܵѡ
ѧԺѧԺҶɨسš

ҶҲһȭԷҶ㵱ȻҲᱧ
ûйܿսһҶϢȻƷʲôһܿһ
ǧ΢΢һбҸ¡
飡
˳ȥ̨棬ûˣҶֻǽȥ


1818 
һ֮ɫ֮󣬳Ҷ㱧һȭһˡ
ֻһУҶƷʮѧԱֱʦ̫ˡ
ʥ̫Ѿע⵽Ҷ㣬ȻۼҲ۷ʾҶչ¶ʵֻǱɽһǣǷǳˡ
˽ǱޣֻҪһֱɳȥﵽʲǲܡ
˲ãɳȥ꣬ϹͷƶҪ̭ˡ
ʥ룬ҶʵǱϿô򵥣ղһʵҪôǿ֧֡
жսֵƿأָ߳磬Ҷ׵˺ѷ֪Ļ֣ܶ°Ʒ
½ӢĶֲǺܺãѧԺһƷʦʵǳǿ½ӢƵĲˡ
ѧԺ֪ҶһԺŪҲѧԺϾҲҶ㡣
Դûһ̫ѧԺҶڶѧԺǰеŬǰ׷ѡ
ģ
½ӢһɣһѪ½Ӣˣһ
̫ѧԺֻʣҶһˣӼҡ
һֳʱŽһ˲̭
ʣ¶ʮˣڽһ̭һ룬ʮˣСΪ飬ÿˣǰս
ˣ֣˭Ӯó࣬Ȼʤߡ
Ϊƽǿֲ̭ЩʵԲһЩĵʦһλᡣ
Ҷ㣬ҪСģҷѧԺҲе⣡
½Ӣ̭ˣ̫ѧԺֻʣҶһˣһѧԺ̫ѧԺӦֶһѧԺ
ϣʶȤȻһѧԺҲʧǡ
Ҷðһɺ˪˭Ҳ赲ԼĽŲ
ǩʣ¶ʮ˽˭ܽС
Ҷ㲢żȵǳǩʱ򣬲ųһ
ʮ˺ţζʮźţ֪˭
ʮ֮УƷ̭һɶʵζǰƷ
ҶҲıȽϺã鵽ĶǾѧԺһʦΨһһƷˣҶˡ
С̫ˣһƷˡ
ҲҶ۷ƷҶǸˡ
ѧԺҲ֣һֱҪҶ㣬֮ܣ̫ѧԺ˵ʦ
Ȼõʮڵ񾧣˭֪Ҷһ·߹ʺˣܿ˺ü֡
ǹʺˣ
һ䣬һĶսѧԺһʦҲǾƷȻʵʤһ
ʱҲʵһ֣
ԶѧԺ䳰ȷҶ޶ã֮·ز٣ʱ츳ҪҪ
ҶˣͳһȣⲢ֡
ԼĶҶ㣬ѧԺʦ¶һ˿Ц⣬лС
ֻҪС鵽ǩսкܴĻᡣ
ָ̣
ѧԺǱȽϿһȭղҶһлƷòС﷭

Ҷ򵥵Ļûйķϻһʵ˵
Ҷ㣬㣬һӦ䣬ƷߵһǳĲˡ
ȻȰҶԴû˿׬Ҷнӽڵ񾧣ʮڣʮά̫ѧԺչ
˭Ʒ
Ҷ¶Ц⣬ϵͻȻһ䣬Ʒ
ɫѿҶƷܻƷڿԽƷսʤƷĿˡ
˺ڣԽսֻԽԽѣȻҶ㡣
֪ҶӵоǾͲôˣɲԪ޾ĺˮͻȻк
дӡ
Ҷȳ֣飬õھڱصãʮڵ񾧣Ҷ㵱Ȼ۲
ΪҪҪĲϣЩ񾧿Լ󣬹ܶ챦
ѧԺҲڷչ׶ΣҶҪɻأⲻͶʣΪԺԺ룬ҲԴԴϡ
ܵǹɿɲϢɫһ䣬ҵҲһƣƷϢй¶
ϧƷҶСһ˽磬Ҷ㲻֪նɱ˶١
¡
̨һΣҶ˿ǺˣҶһ˼ʮ
˭ǿ˭һ۾ֱܷҶʵսʤƷ

ҶͻȻıսһɫκεĻᡣ
δӦ޷ˣԭء
ǿֶΣֵѵǧϹﲻɡ
˱Ҷֶͨ綮˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ֣ʩչ̶ֳȣʵ
ˣ
޷ƿҶĴֱ䡣
Ҷ߻ɣһ֮ͨɫ뿪̨
ʤ֣ҶСʮ˽Ҫǩ飬˭ܴСߣҪǿʵˡ
ʱʮھ̫ѧԺֻҶһˡ
ѧԺˣѧԺˣѧԺˣսѧԺˡ
һ۾ֱܷѧԺʵǺֲܿģ˽СҲ˵һ飬϶ѧԺʦ
˭ҪǷֵһ飬ǳ
ʮһһɫƷΨҶ㣬ʮĿƷ硣
ʼǩ飡
Ҫˣ˭ֵһ飬ܲܳߣʮֹؼ
ҶսʤöѧԺٵʦҲڰǣսʤƷҶƺкܶ
ʮǩ׼ˣĸСΪһ飬ĸΪһ飬мĸΪһ顣
Ҷһֵ˭һ鶼νҶĿǹھ
ʮţǴţ顣
Լĺ룬һȫ꣬һһѧԺʦһսѧԺʦһѧԺʦһѧԺʦ
ѧԺʦһѧԺʦһѧԺѧԺʦ
һѧԺʦһսѧԺʦһѧԺʦҶ㡣
ȫ꣬С̭ĸˣ໥֣һߵ˳ߡ
ҶһǾѧԺĵʦƷʵ١
ҶһǾѧԺĵʦɫǶѧԺҪնɱҶ㣬ȴűҶĶܡ
Ҷ㣬ɣȥ
ѧԺĵʦϣҶ䣬Ȼʮ񾧣̫ѧԺҲ׬ˡ
ܱȶõö࣬ѧԺĵʦ϶ŹҶ㡣
ûϰߣְɣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪ԷǺ⣬Ҷ䣬
ạָ̃
ѧԺʦֱӳ֣һƳҶѹȥƷȻͬһ㣬ʵںڿ֮ϡ
дӡ
ҶͻȻһɸǿϢ˲ﵽƷ
ǿǿҶľڲϵѾ˷ˡ
ôﵽƷˣ
ѧԺһʦŲЩԽܡ
ƷսʤƷڵƷսʤƷˡ
ѧԺĵʦҲ¶ŨŨľ֮ɫҶǿʵһԿľء
¡
дӡݱָɽ̨˲


1819 
ź¡һ̨ˣѧԺĵʦҶһƷɣһսʤ֡
ֵزҶûбҪʵˣɲԪǺˮޣϮҰ
ڽֵʦһ㶣رǶѧԺʦ¶һ˿֮ɫʵ˸߳٣ҶһƻܾѧԺʦսʤǣҲûж⡣
̫ѧԺѾˣҶɵĻ֣ܶ½Ӣˣ׷վź
ܿҲֳʤѧԺʦʤ
Ϣһյʱ䣬ҶһսѧԺʦ
һ̨Ŀӱ˴˵֮УŨŨս⡣
Ҷ㣬ǿ󳬳ǵ֪ⳡսˣ
սѧԺʦȻԼʵѧԺʦ£ҲûȤʵһ
ã
ҶʮֿıһȭַҶ˳Ӯǰ϶顣
С飬ҲʮּңÿһĺأϾǾƷʵǳĽӽ
ղһҶ㣬һξѧԺʦó˿ұ죬Ȼսʤ˶ѧԺĵʦҲӮһ
ҶӮ֮⣬ѧԺʦоѧԺʦʤһ
ҪһˣһҶӮ˶ѧԺʦѧԺʦӮսѧԺȻ˳
ҪսѧԺʦӮˣ˸ʤһľ棬Գǩʽ˭ߡ
Ҷ̨ԶѧԺĵʦҶǿǺ֮ǣҪն¡
ҶҪǽĶڱԶѧԺǳѧԺ䲻ⳡսȻƴȫҲҪնɱҶ㡣
һ֮ɫѧԺܶർʦиƴҲҪסҶ㣬ҪҶˣڽУڽɱ
ҶѾ޷ֹΨһֹҶİ취ˣѧԺѾʦ˳ˡ
Ҷ㣬ǶѧԺⱲһ顣
һҶ㿿ϿɲɱкгһɢɭĹâȻ
Ҷȱľɱ¾֮˱ǼƷһ֮ң
ĽЩȲˣһָܴﵽǰĸߵ㣬ֻأڰͷˡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ѧԺƸˡ
ʧһˣشԼȻݡ
СӣûУ㳢
гһתɲķҶû֮ͬСɣȻǵͼʣʹ
Ҫˣ
Ҷٴһ䣬ͻȻ˰Ʒĳ̶ȡ
ڳˣѾľˣҶƷһδҶĵ˭Ҳ
ѧԺʵʦɫ࣬ҶƾȻҪȾƷҪǿ
ʥ̫һۣ㣬ȻҶˡ
ʮӣԼʵҲɲ⣬Ȼ˿ҶʵСĿ
Ҷһ֮ǰŶƷ̶һʱ䣬֮죬ͷǳĿɲˡ
ĵȻɣҶƽԼиǹķͷһ֮ɫ

ﳤһ֮Ǻý꣬Լͺ϶Ϊһˡ
ɱ¾֣֮ȻǰһЩѣԸһֻҪСһ㣬Ӧû̫⡣
СӣֻҪҾܴﵽͨĳ̶ˡ
Ľ˷ܵĺֻҪɵǰܼ󷨣ﵽ̶ͨȡ
ϣ
Ҷ㲻ɱ¾ֱ֮ײȥĻ⣬˳ಮ٣ҶɾûиӲӲ
ֽУۻңѾֱ治ĸҶ㣬ĸˣĽ
ʦĽ
ʮѧԱ֮УвٶʹóΪ˲ˣϾﵽƷ
ǸҶĽȣСĿҶǧ֮һ޷ﵽ
ԴҶʩչ쾡£ö޷ҶķǿҶסأκεĻᡣ
ϧḶ̌ˣ
ҶЦһ峤ֱ룬˼£һĨ磬ɸ׽ҶӰӡ
ͣ
һĨɵĸ첲һӣһʹϮûʱƣҶĳֳˡ
ûٶȣò˴񫣬Ҷ㲻ֹǵҲǳѤĿ
һѪȥϱҶмʮÿһûҪֻɳѡ
ղŽ»ܿòҶҪɱ˲ֹһٴˡ
꣡
һɨɵұͻȻˣȻ˳ԹҶҪչ¶һ棬վȽŸҲԼ
۵
ϣҶһʧҶ㶪ħ֮Уɱ¾֮ܿҲ룬ʼз
Ҷ㣬㲻úȻҪҵĳ
֮еӡǣҶһ룬һѪԪ⵽شֱҲˣѩϼ˪
˵֮쵹£һѪȥԪ⵽شҶ׵ĨȥԷԪӡǡ
֮ɱ¾֮ҶɢǿϢ

վҶղóҲƷ̶ȡ
ɵĳ֮ںϣȫԼ
һǿߵ˵Ҷֶο죬ֻǼʱ䣬ͳɹˡ
ⲻ֪֮УѾȥüʱˣĽڽɵĳɵ
ԼĳΪ˼£ֱ˹ȥױ
лĳ
һɨˤ̨ҶӮСһȫʤҶʤ֡
ѧԺѹǳĴҶʵһһ޵׶һǾãҶȦס
ƷϵǲϼעȵѧԺϵˣڿ޼ɵչ¶Լʵ
̫ˣǼıԣ
ƿش֣ѧԱԼıǰԼķʽתƿؽ࣬һ⡣
ƺһʼҶһӣŶѧԺ
һһҶ㽫ѧԺƵ˷˼ϣһˤȥǷǣһֻѾ̤±ϡ
սʤ֣˳ľҵģҲסˣѧԺ˳ݳɼѾǳˡ
սѧԺȫûеʦȫ̭
ѧԺʣһˣѧԺʣһˣҶ㣬һ˽ľս
ʦ̫ţˣǵż񣡡
ҪϢһʱ䣬һָҶص̫ѧԺʮѧԱΧ
½ӢɬҶһ֮ǰ̤̫ѧԺһǣ̶һ·ôתͬС
ʦҲôҪ̫ѧԺѧԱױˣƬΧü룬Ͳˡ
ôѧԱ½ǶЦˣλȥЩҵȫԽ̫ѧԺԻͣĳŵҲˡ
ʱ֮վӣ׼ľս
ѧԺǱʱϵ飬ƺһԲߣޱ䡣


1820 ս
վóǩһ峡ս˭Ӯ࣬Ȼǹھ
Ӯھ꾺ǳҡ
ѧԺʦ໥һۣûһ˵һѡҶ㣬þѧԺѧԺȸҶ㽻֡
͸Ҷĵϸս֮Ҷ϶ġ
ڶѧԺʣˣѹҪ֣䣬Ӯ
ѧԺѧԺʧȥھʸ񣬳ӮſԣҪɫ
ѧԺ֣ͨõʤսֶҶʮֲ
Ҷһ֣ǾѧԺĵʦֵǣҶʦйһ֮Ե˫Ҳˡ
Ҷ㣬ǾѧԺ˫ĿǣûпǱлᣬϣѧԺԶཻ
ˣѾãֻϣԺлᣬ໥Ҳܴٽ˫
һ
ѧԺڱܺãҶҲ˫ϵһѧԺѧԺȻûа⣬̫ѧԺҲᷢͻ
սѧԺҶΨһ£ľǾѧԺˡ
ⳡսӮϣСһ飬ⳡֱ䣡
ѧԺʦȻˣҶһλᣬڳܶ˶⡣
Ϸ룬ǲǹǶѧԺԣ
ѧԺˮ̲סˣ䣬ʾѧԺĵʦ
ǾѧԺô£ֲָ㣬˭ڷˮһ۾ܿα˵ôûʡ
Ϸĵ˵һ䣬ѧԺ˽һδսӮΪ˱׶ֹҶ㡣
һѧԺҶ㣬ҶɵӣѧԺǲԸⱻѧԺöѡ
Ӿʼ֪ԶѧԺֶͿֻû뵽ôԡ
ҶԵѧԺĵʦѧԺϷԶѧԺһʦսһ
Ҷ㣬ǲˮģΪҪһ㣡
һЦҶ㣬ҶҫԼϣѧԺȻϣ̫ѧԺɳȥ
ĿԴ
Ҷν䣬ҶмҶҲȫս
ͣ
³һ䵶ôһһó
Ҷ㲢δɱ¾֮ĽײŽãҪһʱúòһ
Сӣɣ
¿һ壬˵ͷ¾ȻѧԺϵһ𣬴㽫Ҷնɱ
ɱң̫ˣõĿѣ
ҶЦһָһ㣬һɼȿɲĺ֮ˣʱ̨
ǹۿ򣬶о䣬˶ݿ֮죬ʼ¡
Ų˼һĻˣҶڵ̨˲һ޴ı񣬰Ҷڣ£񸲸סˣ嶼޷
»ǱָղŵĶ䵶ųֵƣȴ޷ڶֺǱʩչ˶һ

ҶͻȻӺ֮˳⺮⣬סҶ㣬ֻǽ¶סˡ
ҶͻȻðֶΣֳһļž
ǰ潻֣Ҷ㼸ǸֵƵԸѧԺֻһУþƷҶһס
ɫˣɫ뾡һа취Ѻȴ˿
úһ£սǰʱ
Ҷ̨ԵȻϥԼһһԡ
ֳ̫𺳣ֻ棬Ҳ̫˷
̫ѧԺ߸̨Ͳ˲ˣʮά򣬹ͱˡ
ԼʦҶƣѧԺһɫ࣬䣬ȻҪȰʱ֮
±סˣ޷ڣֻܵȰʱˡ
ǰʱȥֻʣ°ȻҲᶳˣԺɲĥӰ졣
Ҷ㣬Ѿˣſɣ
ɫԽԽѿܼʹ࣬ʱѧԺһʦ䣬ϣҶ⿪֮
ѧԺһʦףҪʧˣѧԺҲһ
ϼƾʲô˵ſͷſ
ҶѹͲˣѧԺʵʵҶҲͰˣΪС
˭֪ѧԺѧԺͨһҶʮ
Ҷ㣬Ѿ˶ѧԺѵҲҪѧԺΪ𡣡
ʦһŭֱվŭҶ㣬Ҷʲôǵô˵棬о²̨
ܴѧԺ
ҶЦеʵһʦܴѧԺ
ȻܣҶһ仰ʵĲ֪λشҪԭ¹ϵһ㣬Ҷ¡
ʱһһĹȥ»ϣɫޱȵʩչԪֵɺ֮壬͸档
ɺ֮ƺմȾڤȪҶҵڤȪ
ʥһɻ֮ɫڤȪʧˣ˭Ҳ޷ҵҶϾȻڤȪϢ
ڤȪӹ磬ڤ磬һͨ粻룬ҵڤȪڣԽ֮գڤ޷ˣֻͨʱճ涴
̫˵ͷϢһ۾ϳ
ǱߵսˣѧԺϷսʤһӮ˶ѧԺһʦҲķ˶ԷԪ
߿ʱ򣬷׷¶֮ɫ
ҲסˣɫʮѿҶʵȻ̶ֳȣԭҶ㣬ⲻ֪ûҶסˡ

ʱѹҶԽսˡ
ͣ
Ҷָһ㣬ɽ˲ʧΪصҶ档
£ֱĵȥˣϵĳ鴤
̨ܿʼµƣסˣҪʱָܻҲ޷ָȫʢ״̬ˡ
Ҷ㣬Ǽסˣ
ѧԺǰ˱ûĹھˣѾ̧ߡ
˴˱˴ˣ
Ҷøǆȥ׼һӲ̣ѧԺ϶᲻һеԼ
ϧԱķʽҲҪըҶ㣬ΪҶ㷢ǣһԪֲ걮֮УԱԪ껹ڣͿ
Ϣһյʱ䣬Ѿʱ֣ɫ𽥰սҲ뵽Ľ׶Ρ
һϳط㣬ʵҪôһ㣬ࡣ
˵ҲѰ·ˣѧԺû·ֻҪһըҶ㣬һըһҶ壬аսҶնɱ
ط֮󣬲ɷ˵ֱӳҶ˹ȥͬھĴ򷨡
޳ܣȻֳսķʽ
½ӢҧгݣѧԺ̫ˣóսñԱǰԪ꣬ʱ
ϧҶ㣬ԪΣҶ˴ƿ
Ҷ㣬ڣ
ط㷢һУһͣըҶ㡣
𣿡
ҶЦһ¶һײаЦطԱҶ޶ãȻĿط㿿Լ
ʱ
ȵط㿿Ҷһ̣ʱˣطٶȱޱȻţһһȥҪʮʱ䡣
⡭
ٴվʱȻҶҲˡ


1821 
ٴηˣҶ˴ʱĸıʱ䡣
ܶƺҶΪ˶̵ʱ֮ڣôĸ֣ԭʱ䷨
ǿߣĸı䷨ʱ䷨򣬿ռ䷨ȵȣԼơ
һһٵʱҶľ磬ȫԵһ죬һĳ̶ȡ
ʥųı仯૵˵Ҫ֪Ҷѽʱ䷨˼£ֹһٱǧ򱶡
طҪˣȻܸоԼĲԽԽ޷ٿأʱ䷨򲻶ϵıҪţҪһٱ
ҶһһΧطתȦʱ˼ʱüҶط㣬Լʱ⡣
ⳡ˿֣Ҳ˽ڲʱ䷨
Ҳ¶ŭ֮ɫȻǶѧԺط㵱һһ̨䶯
ѧԺǿߣɫޱŨأ鵽һɵҲ֪ΣҲһΣѧԺҵ
Ƶõƣ˸̨Ҫʦ֮˭֪һĻһƬ֮ɫ
һ֮ǰҶ㾳磬ҶĵӶˣôƽ⣬ʧˣһѪ˳
Ѫֱŭģ߻ħˣһӣڸ̨Ϻ
˴ֻı飬ѧԺǶˣΪԲ̫ѧԺ鷴ˣԴҲ˸
ɱ¾֮ˣҶطǰŵطɫޱȺȻȴ޷ܣٶԽԽ
ط㲱ϣʱɱĶҶǲ֣һսطߡ
Լϵĳطֱӿˣĺˡ
þƷȻˣֳˣѾ޷Լ˿̵ˡ
Ҷ˵ַ˳뻯ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ㣬
ѧԺһǿ̲סˣҶ㲻ֹǶѧԺ˷ѧԺԺҲ޷̧ͷˡ
ôĿʵҸԤʦ
½ˣɢŨҵϢ۷ʾ½ˣһѧԺûǿǿҲ֧Ų˶á
ȵþһ죬ڿԸˣ̫ѧԺвѧԺĵ̡
ҶǱʣò˶ãͻʾʱ̫ѧԺһ¥
䣡
ײһ½۷ʣղŶѧԺֵʵʦƷʣ̫Զ
ۣ
ѧԺʵʦԼλãһѪȥɫ˲ήҡ
½صԼλһй¶˼У̫ѧԺ˸򣬸Ƿĵļˡ
ҶûκεĲƺ֪һղŶѧԺĵʦ֣ҶȻ޶ԣеɱ¾֮طǰȥ
ҡϡ䡭
طһһֵıĳǳĻ϶ˣΪҪˣԱҶᡣ
Уû˼
Ҷɱ¾ܷ֮һ仯ʱ䷨ָطһƨڵϣʪ͸ˡ
ԱǶôһ飬ҶԱʸ
Ҷ㣬Ҫͬھ
طų̂Ҷ˹ȥ˾Ȼ֡
䣡
һĢƳˣطѡԱƷԱ֮һЩͼӣֱӱɳȥ̨ըɡ
һƬң˭Ҳû뵽طͻȻԱղűҶŤʱ䷨޷Ա֮󣬳Ҷ㲻Ա
Ҷ㡭
ʦ
½ӢʮѧԱ𣬳̨˹ȥϧǿŤ޷
Ҫȥ
½סǣ˭Ҳ׼óȻȥ϶ᱻʱ顣
޴гٳ޷ɢطΪնɱҶ㣬Υ˱򣬲ըҶ㣬һжֵˡ
ʥ̫໥һۣ˭뵽ݱ䵽һ
˻᳤һ˼֮ɫҶĳɳĿģôˣ̫ϧˡ
ѧԺ̫ɣѾˣǴٶ࣬Ҳ޼£ҲȲҶ
һ£̨ѾƲطӰӣΪ⣬Ҷ㣬Ҳʧˡ
ɱˣ
һҶĽгңҪҶˣһҲԱˣȻҲҪѺܳʱ䣬Ҫҵʵ¯
ѧԺһ걮֮Уطһ¶һ֮ɫ
һƬ̫꣬ѧԺǱһƬţû˵ҶˣԺ̫ѧԺô졣
֪ҶٲȻΪ̫ѧԺĹǡ
һҲѧԺķôԴڵõ˻ر
ɱң
ǻ̫ˣ
ҶӰһ֮¶˶ûУ
˭뵽ҶȻûû֮УȻʣҲ޷Ҷôģ˭Ҳ޷⡣
Ҷ٣ֱ˽ȥڶħΪһӰܣȵҪµʱҶŻ֡
طڻ걮֮УҶûŵûֱ£ԼʧȻû˺Ҷֺ
ָһ㣬һˣطϣһϢ˲̨
ҵԪ񡭡
طڻ걮֮УĲҽԪһɢȻ
ô£
˴ʧɫطѾˣֻʣһƲл꣬׼ʬ꣬
ҽĿⶼۼҶϣղҶһָſɲϢ͸ط֮У֮
⣬ÿɲ⣡
ʥ¶ŨŨ֮ɫ⣬ƿ˵
ڳЩʣ׷ױտڲҶⲢϡ棬ǳֻҶʩչޱȾ޴ѡ
⣬ǳϡ٣綮˶ָ
طԪһʧ걮ܿѣһʯطˣƷϢڻ걮֮С
ɫĿ£طըҶ㣬طˣвжΡ
Ҷ㣬ΥɱˣֹɱˣҪѧԺնɱ㡣
ŭˣһУֻĿطȥ
޳һֻ۾ɱˣǶѧԺˣԱ壬أΥǶѧԺ
ҶЦһڳôˣҵ۾ѩģһ
ûǶѧԺΥȣ
̫ѧԺߵ˿ʼˣҶûǵȻġ
Ҷɱ֪˭ҲûпֻǿҶָһ㣬ҲɱˣҶǿɱˡ

ǾѧԺĵʦû˫ñ
˫Υ棬ǳƽˣҪȥ
ʼŵûһ£һϳռƻҪըҶ㡣
طӰȻл걮һҲ
ңŸʲô
ҳٳٲŭһ䣬óҸϽǳʧȥһλᣬʧȥڶλˡ
䣬䣡
ֱˣˣ˲ѧԺĵʦˣȱҪ


1822 ˫Ϲھ
ֱ䣬ѧԺȻһ
Ҷ㲻սʤӮõĳʤҲĳʤʤһ־
Ϊ±Ҷˣ޷Ҳһˣսʤʤ
ֻһʤˣҶӮˣȻǹھӮˣǹھ
û·Ҳûƽ֣غʮڵ񾧣ôӴ֣ˡ
һΨһ̨һǣѧԺˡ
½Ҳһ֮ɫǰ벽ʾʵͬСɣҶ㵽ܲսʤ˭Ҳ֪
Ҷ㣬ҳ϶͹ˣңһҲ
طըҶ㣬Լֳɵģط㲻ûըһ䣬еļƻա
˵ЩϻʲôãҪɱңóıɣ
ɱ¾֣֮Ҷüȥˣһս֮ҶͿԵʥ壬ĶһͬСɡ
ӵ˻ʱʣܸӦʥĴڣϲȥҶûлᡣ
ĿԣײĻ𻨣˶Ǹ֣ӱ˴˵ϣŨŨɱ
ɱ¾֮ɢ֮⣬¶һɫâͷųȥ
һЩǱڵ󷨣Ľ׼ԽԽǿ
Ҷﳤɫâɫ΢΢仯һ£ɱ¾֮Źȥʱʱ䣬١
һֻδ󴸣ʹִӵ˺٣Ҫǿ׳Ȼ޷
һ޴£ҶݺݵޱȻֺǿ󣬿ռһζ
ⴸεסҶ㣬ǿ֮ϼ⣬ֶ£̨
ɱһ
ҶͻȻתһݣһ磬ವһ˳ȥָĳһ㡣
ԸǿʽΨһİ취Ƴһ㣬ڴȱڣ֮ܽƿ
Ļγһ˲ƿһȱڣγɵǿһڵ㡣
䣡
ⴸ̨ϣ棬һԶ̨һЩֱӷ
Ҷһ˼Ķ󣬳һߣǳ֮졣
ٶϣҶɱԷü֣ͣѹҶ㡣
ҶӲӲϵζ弸ιҶĻ⡣
Ҷ㣬ʲô£б¸ʹĸһܣ
Ҷ㻬ץ۴С
һѣ
ҶЦһȻɵø󴸶Աȣ裬֯Ľסˡ
ɱ¾
ʮָͻȻðݱɱ¾֮ϣ忪ʼܡ
벽ʣҶɱ˽磬ҶͬʱնɱƷֻڳ̫࣬Ҷ㲻̫ޡ
Ŵɱ¾ĳ֣жٶԽԽеıⴸҶסˡ

Ҷ㲻øֵԭأʩչԼĵ⣬޷ҶĿơ
벽ʣҶ꺢ͯһҶˣ
ĳ֣峹뱻һ£ȴ޷ʩչĵǳ֮ǿҶ˵˿ûá
ʱ
Ŵʱĳ֣Ѿϵˣûждӡи֮⣬Ҷʱչ¶ļֵ
ٶԽԽѱϧľ绹ƿʱƣʣǿնʱ䷨
дӡ
Ҷʩչдӡڸֵڻ֮£ڤƵϢ˽ȥϢ
ֻǸоͻȻëȻͲ֪ôˣǹɴ̹ǵĺ뵽ڲ֪ܵȥˡ
壬㻹Ҫ𣿡
ҶЦһսʱʤѾ廹䡣
ֻҪҶ㶯ָҪɱ¾֮ƯߣֻҪһ£ᴩ塣
ֳһƬž˭Ҳû˵ĿŴսΪһı˭֪ս֣Ҷһƿء
ıŤˣγ֪ҪҶ㣬ûпˣһ䣬ǶѧԺöʣˡ
ɣ
ѧԺһǿʱ򷢻ˣڱȥҲǶֱۣ䡣
εҡҡͷϵһɢȥˡ
𡭡
̫ѧԺ߷ˣ˫ϹھںгǼʮ겻֣ʦѧԱһõ˹ھǳ֮ѵá
ҽ̫ѧԺֻʮ˲μӣʦǿˣõĳɼʵ졣
һɨöָҶǳҶһʱӦ
ѧԺȷʵˣָߣ½Ķǣ˭ж½϶֡
һһʮڣѧԺҵ˭ҲеѧԺɨأԺ˭ҲҼѧԺˡ
ѧԺϵı֣Ѿ͸ģһЩѧԱҪ˳ѧԺ̫ѧԺ
ѧԺʹ˽̫ѧԺõ˫Ϲھ
˱һҵѧԺԲ̫ѧԺںгǴ졣
̫ѧԺ˿ʼǵһ̫ˣ˵ǾûҲһ졣
ӵ֮£̫ѧԺ˻صѧԺ̫ѧԺֵ㱻˼
֮£ҶһϢ̫֮ѧԺʽѧԱڽӲʩʩôˡ
ѧԺҪһЩõĵʦط޽һ£ⶼҪʱ䡣
ҶóʮΪʽѧԺʩȵȣЩʽ̫ѧԺ˲ΪһѧԺ
⼸첻ٵʦǰϣܼ̫ѧԺԽ̵ѧԱҲԸҶ㽻һá
ҹ
Ҷ֮Уҹ̫ͻƵƷ˵ѧԱһʥ壬˭лԵȥ
ö̫񵤣Ҷһ̷ö磬̫񵤵ҩЧڲϼö̫ܰҶһͷǳˡ
ǼʮöƵĹڤһȥǿķԪҶըǳĿɲ
ȫͻƣ
ϴҶ˺üƷһֱھħ֮Уó
˿̵ĶѧԺһƬҲң˻֮󣬼įĽ֣˭Ҳ벻ġ
ԺڱչأڴѧԱҪѧöѧԺһӵ䵽ɽˮĵز
ûѧԱû룬ǵʦıҲŲѾеʦ˴ǳʣȥ̫ѧԺ
ϾÿʦҶ㶼гǰûԶĵˡ
صѧԺ֮󣬷ֻ䣬˹ֿ޷ǹ֮·͸
Ҷ㣬һҪɱ㣡
ҧгݣϺԽԽŨݱȫһ㵭İ˪ԪҪסˡ
Ҳİʲôҵ壡
оԽԽ䣬ﱻסԪ޷Ǹһһ
꣡
˱״ͻȻһԼ鿪ΪͻȻʧһɶˣһͨˡ


1823 ʥ
ˣԼΪȻûˣ꣬Ϊʧһɶ
Ҷ㣬ҷģһҪɱ㣡
ͻȻӷ˳ڶѧԺϿջصٵʦ֪ʲô顣
ȹһ˶ɵˣʮߣһ˿Ϸʧȫȫһͨˡ
壬ʲôˣ
һǿѯʣΪκúõģΪôʧˡ
Ҷ㣬һֽţϵҵΪ
̨Ͼ͸Ӧˣʱйɺ壬ʧȻصѧԺɺͻȻð˳
Ҷ㣬˺޵ҧгݣ½ڣɱ̫ѧԺˣҪ
ԺأһҪúõĸ̫ѧԺˣ
ٵʦԶѧԺǱȽҳϣ飬ѧԺ
ڶ˵棬ı䲻˶ѧԺˣ취ǰ״ȻǶѧԺϹŵľء
һʵ˵ɱҶ㣬ʳ֣½ڣ߼ʶûа취
ǰżĲɱҶ㣬ضѧԺʧٵС
ʲô취ǧѧԱҪ˳ѧԺ˸߼֮⣬ͼѧԱһ롣
һʵʦ֮ɫĴѧԺѧԱΪ
ͨΪͼѧҲǺܹ
󲿷ֶǵͼռѧԺܴһˣѧԺͼѧԺǧˣǳĿɹۣѧҲһҡ
ξǸ߼Ǻܶ࣬ǧңʱûյѧϢ
ǺЧӦһЧͼӽûµѪҺ䣬Դ͸ϣͻѧԺΣ
ڸ߼ѧԱ󣬺ܶ඼ǴӵܣֻϣͨѧԺո֪ʶѧԺǿпޡ
֮У˸ҶϽ֯·ǳĿɲѾ˾Ʒ۷һֻѾ뵽ʳ̶ȡ
һ̤ʣҶͻƿ޷ϣҪҵˡ
Լͻƣħűҵ䣬Ժ
ͻһƷҶǧ񾧣ǳ֮ɲԼˡ
뿪࣬ɫѾˣҶҪʮǰʥ壬˭Ե
ʮ˺ѧԺõھҶһ˽һ񾧣ǸƼ
Ӧõģ˵ǰҶӮʮڣʮ˲ŷȥǧ򣬲ܶࡣ
һٶ񾧣µķӣǮȥʮ񾧣ڹһЩˣʮԺרĵˡ
ҵ磬ϿԳȥ򵥰񣬶׬ȡܶԴӴԺ󣬰ƶ
ȥʥ壡
Ҷ½Ӣ̫ͬѧԺˣʸǰʥ塣
Ѿʥ棬ÿ궼һھʸʥ壬ۿʥ
̫ѧԺǰҷ׷ÿͨʥĵ·һĽݣʮֹϣ泤źһ̦
ң
ҶɨһʮˣҲһأֺ£ҲûȥѧԺõھû˳ɹϡ
ϽݣҶоһɹԼ赲ԼĽŲ޷ǰ
巨תһ£ųĸоʧҶ˳̨һߡ
ʮѧԱҲѹŸտʼѹͳˣÿһǳļѡ
Ҷûп첽ǰÿ߼嶼ͣϸϸζƺ֮Уεķ͸档
˻ʱͻȻһƺܵǣҪɳҶĴָ֮˻ʱʵϢҶϵѹ᲻١
ԽԽСʥ֮ߣҪȥҪʱ䣬ѾѧԱֲסˣվԭأڵĴ
ǲҪǿܲס˼ڸ
Ҷ㳯˵ǿҪ˳ȻУ
ҷ׷׵ͷһЩ˿ʼߵ֮һɫǳͨ죬ܲסˣֻԭ·ء
ԽԽС½ӢҲֲȥˣ֮£ֻɽֻҶ㣬һ·Ѿһˡ
ǿ쿴ҶѾǵɽˣȥѧԺĵʦطܲס֪ҶܲܳԽѧԺ
˿Ҷϰɽ׷׾
ҿ궼û˵ʥ֮ˣ֮ӣлȥ
üˣҶʧܣһ˳ɹϣҲС
ʵԽǿѹԽ󣬷ȥǿĳǿǿ
ԽԽ࣬Ҷܣ·ȻɣҶ㿴ƣܵǽ֮ϣǳĹϡ
ô֮
Ҷ㰵ľЩ꣬ΪҶ꺣֮ʮϤ˻ʱҲڷֽϢܵķƸҶ㿪ʼͬ
Щӿ뵽Ҷ棬ϵա
ǧ꣬һЩط𲻿һֱҶ꺣޸Ҫķȥ޸ĵط
ЩƾõϣһööŷҶ꺣֮г֣ۿ̻ӽĴڣҲ˵Ĺŷ
ʮѧԱһȥѾʣ޼˳ԾС֣Ȼûһһߣ
εҶȥҲͰˣϾγ˷ͷһĴڡ
СʲôˣҶһǲȫˣȻҲȥ
Ҷ㶼ʮֺ棬Щ޷СγκεвʮС֣Ҷʮ֡
ѵСҲǷţ
ҶͻȻðһҲСǿ̻ĸֻ֣һǰ̻ܿС
ԺҪıСֵʽˣ
ɽߣҶȥСֵķ츳һǱܺãҶ㲻⽫Լķ֪ʶڸ
ҶϵĶҲҪ̳УһЩĵûй󣬼̳Լĵͳ
ǿ쿴ҶϾҪ嶥ˣ
Ҷ˵ߵУĵɽ壬ѾһСˣС־Ҷ㲻ʮ֮ңҲܿҪɽ嶥ϡ
ʮѧԱһЦѣû뵽Сֲʮ֮ҫ۵š
Թܵʥ֮ˣһлΪʵĴڣǸ߼ʡ
ѵСֲ޶ۣǴޣϣСʼΨһ
һ޴ʥˣʮ֮ߣʥ֮ϣ·
ǻһ㣬Ҷ棬˻ʱʵϢʮʥ۵Ϣ
Ȼ۵ֱʣ
ĸʥ·ʼ궯ֽȵϢҶسײ·ҪҶ塣
ʥ·ͻȻ˹ͬһҶߣγʯۺľ
ЩɫľƯʥ֮ϣǺÿ˭Ҳ׷ʲô顣
ô£ΪβһʥһЩ仯
˴ž֮ɫȥϥʥǰ
һҶʥ壬ʥ嶼ڻζֱ


1824 һƷ
ʥ֮ϣ˸ȫͬ·һεĽסˡ
֣̫ˣ
˷־󣬼ˣҲδֹʱ䣬гǳ˺ܶ಻ϳ顣
̫ѧԺͻȻҶ㣬һ̶һ¹˶ĸ֡
Լһʱ䣬ӶƷͻƵƷϴҲŷ֣ҶѾǾƷˡ
һҶصĴϴˢҶ壬ʢһ˽ȥ
öԽԽ󣬷ֽķ·ҶľڲϵͻȻͣʹƤ
ϴںһöֻͻһ磬ΪԴȱʧԭҶ㲻Ҽͻơ
ڲͬˣҶϲȱԴнӽһٶڵ񾧣άҶһʱ䡣
ǿ쿴ͻʾ
˳׾ˣҶ̶ʱ䣬ӰƷʼʾһʲôٶȣ߸˵֪
ѧԺҲ˲ˣҶҪͻƵʾһҧгݣ޲ھͳȥնɱҶ㡣
һҶͻƵʾǶѧԺκβˣͼȫҶĶ֡
С˹ʺˣһʱ䣬ӶƷһƷʣÿԵʲô
һڣݺݵ˦һȭͷҶˡ
ĴѧԺǰҽˣΪǵʥӣ̶ֳȣĴѧԺᡣ
رҶ㣬˵ע⣬С֣һĬĬʥǰЩҲ档
ǸҶȣȴ֮һ⣬һ
Щ֭ҲЩǿЩǴķ򣬳Խ۵Ĵڡ
Ĵۣ紫ԳԽ۷壬µ磬˭Ҳ̫Զ
ʮɫΪ޾ķģ֯һشҶ棬ϵ飬顣
ԭķһ̵õϴʵı仯Ҷµľ磬ʾ
ַԾԵҶЩֲδӭ׼
ʷϺˮ޾ǿ֮дɢҫÿһء
վɽ棬ҲܵǹϢһЩϥ£ϴ
ͻʾûĶʱ䣬ûĶԴʥ֮У۵һϢ
ֻʣ֮һ֮һҲ۷ġ
ϢȫҶ㣬ʵת䣬ҲʶԼĲ㡣
һҶ㻹кԶһ·ҪߣΪϣǰͻ̫죬ҶҪܳһʱ޸
ʥķԽԽ٣󲿷ֶΪ⣬뵽Ҷ档
öͻȻʢҶȫȫһգҶһƬµء
䣡
ʥͻȻѣʥ嶼ҵĻζһʯŵ˷׷Ӵܡ
ô£ʥôˣ
޴ʥͻȻѣʧʥ֮ϣץˣôҶȥ֮һжˡ
ʧưܵʥɽҶץС֣ʧԭأ˵ϡ
ɽ廹ڻζЩӵ̨һʧ뵽£·ص˼ǰɽƽ
ǿųʧһͨɽ壬˷׷׳ȥҪ׷ʲô顣
ʥ޷УʧֱӷȥƵʥ壬¶ŭ
Ҷ㣬㵽ʲôΪҪʥ
Ҷ㣬ҲͰˣΪҪʥԺҲû˲ʥϵİˡ
ʥԼѿģʦûƻʥ
Сվ˳ҶͣҶһֱǱЩ⣬ʥʧȥ˷֮Լѡ
ǴҸСֵĽͣʥˣϾһЩŽᣬھҲʸʥ塣
ʧȥʥȥʲô˼ѧԺҲֹͣ
Ҷ㣬Ͳһ˵𣡡
ΪҶͻƵʾϢǿƷʶоѹ֣Ҵһ¡
ͻƾ磬ҶûѹԼϢʷܾϧһЩƷηǰ
Ҫ˵ܳһţ
ҶøǽͣԼٶʲôãǻ
ȻᣬҶͣǷΪҶ飬ֱǿӲȥҪͣҶ㣬Ǳ䣬ԼҶ㶼㵽ס
˶ǿ֣ϣ˳ͷϧ󲿷ֶǱָ뷨ͷûмˡ
ѧԺһ֮ɫҶͻƵʾɱǲܡ
ߣ
û˳֣ҶѧԱ̫ѧԺȥԭط㶣˭ҲóȻ֡
ص̫ѧԺҶΧСߣʥʲô
СֲϵץԴҲֻǿ˸Ҷ屻һ㲻
½⼸ǳæµ̫ѧԺǰĲҵ˻ڹ豸׼µѧԱ
ѧԺȻһ££ǰӦƸĵʦʤһѡ֮¼ʮˡ
ʱѧԺҪôർʦʮԡ
֮ǧѧԱ̫ѧԺÿѧԺһ갴ʮȡѧԺֶһʲƵԴڿӯˡ
ֻ𲽽׶ΣԴԴϵѧԱԽԽߡ
СҶҪ뿪̫ѧԺ
Ҷ㻻һǳӣ½һ֮ɫ̫ѧԺϹҶΪҪ뿪
Ҫȥһʱ䣬֮Ȼ
֮ҶӦ˹ᣬǲμӷƴᣬʱ䣬ҶҪȥ
ںгͻƣҶγ˺ܴƿҪ߳ȥʶµĶµ
ܰʱĵҶҲеҪѰƪ
ˣѧԺô죿
½ԺǸ˦ƹʱһֱҶæµҶ㲻٣Ժе鶼ҪԼˡ
ѧԺô飬½Ӣտû£
ҶҲϵ̫ʱ䣬Ϊ
ǰҶʮˣɳѧԺѧԱҲǼְʦѵЩͼѧԱÿҲвٵ롣
֪ҶҪ뿪ʮѧԱᣬ⼸죬Ҷ㽫ĵһ£С֣
Ҷȫ벻Сֵķ츳ǳ֮ߣ̶̼죬̻ܿ߼ȻﲻƷּԳԽ˺ܶš
ԭҶ㲻٣гǷֻͻϵСڣϿ̻Ҷʮƣϸ΢ط֮ͬ⣬Ƿȱһ㣬ͬ
ΪҶǰṩβǺܸߣֻһѣʱգС־άֹӦʱ׬ȡԴҶڴ
ҹɫҶĵ뿪гǣ̤µ̣ĿģȴȥɽׯϴиԼܴ˽չԼĶӡ
ȥôˣδ֣׶༪ˣѵһ죬ʲôⲻɡ
Ҷ㲻֪Ҷɱڿ֮ڤͲˣɳڤʹߣ˽磬նɱ
ҺҶ뿪ļʱȻҲڤʹߵ


1825 鷳
˽Ҷ㲻ڤֵϢҶʱ̶ҪСġ
ϴ˽ڵԼʧ֮󣬿϶
ٷУҶͻȻһɽ֮ϣҹգǳƯҶͷϡ
һ£ɽ粻֪ȥˣǻм£ƺӾҪˡ
ôãˣó˰ɣ
Ҷ˽֮󣬾ͷһֱ˸٣ѧԺῪʼֱ˶סĸоһֱڡ
ȻҶҲҹ·Ҫ˭һֱԼ
ռͻȻһ󲨶İĿռ֮У߳һڵӰӣӣ֣ͷϴһɫ֣Լȫ档
㣡
ǰڵӰҶüͷ΢壬˽ϼ˻ɱԼŮӣʱҶƿɴֱ֮롣
ڤû˵ĿҶ㣬˽һֱҶ㣬Ҳ֤Ҷ̶̼
Ҫɱң
ԷɢϢɱ
ƻڤƻ
ˣȻ͸ڵŮԭеζ
ڤҪɱҵİɣ
ҶӣԼѹڤʲôƻǺڿҪɱԼɱڿݣڤʲôƻԼиƨϵ
㻹Ʊ磬ʬƻʬʧȥŬ
ԭҶ㴳£ᣬʬʧȥҲ޷ɳǰڼŬȫΪӰ
ڤΪַ磬ϧ˽ιʬڹȥΪ㻹뿪𣿡
ҶЦе˵ԼڤûʲôҶ㲻£飬ҲһܸԤġ
ǿǧǧһ֮ʲôĴѧԺֻ֮ǶϾû
ĳţŲſ£ʹƶǵӼ
ֻе˼ߵʾ磬ܰͷ
ĵϸѾˣڵ˺ܶˣ棬Ͷڤ壬ҿ԰㡣
ڤȻҪ£Ҷ㣬ϣܼڤ塣
Ҳϲһ˺ȥū㻹İɣ
ҶҡҡͷôͶڤ壬Ȼ磬ҲܳΪڤ߹
Ȼ㲻ϼڤ壬ֻðɱˣʬҲֲǵʧˣ
ڤȻҶƳʬֲǰڵʧ
𣿡
ҶЦеʵôƯľŮȻҪһѪɱ֣ϴҶ㿴Էò֮Ȼ£Ǿգ֮ϡ

ڤ嶯ˣɷ˵ֱӳҶ֣ĳһڵķ϶ֱҶ
ڤٶȷǳ֮죬Ҷ֮£õҲҶֵߡ
һƷʣ
ҶЩԾϴǾƷȻ̶ʮʱ䣬ҲͻƵʼ츳Լ
ϣ
Ҷ㽣һֵĳƫγһĲƣܲϵӿȥ
ڤʵǿҶҪɱôףҪɱҶ㣬ͬˡ
Ϊٶȷǳ֮죬ڤû似Ҷʤ
㽻˴ʱ˭Ҳκβ˭Ҷʩչʲô⣬ڤ嶼ܴݵĶܡ
Ҷʩչ˴ʱֵǣԷҲʱ⣬׵Ľ֮ƽ⡣
ԷһöصľƵˣ׵˺
ҶʮֱԼĸֵ⣬Է׵ľͽ֮⣬ʮ죬Ҷоʮ͸
ҲɱҲɱ㣬üȥ𣿡
ҶͻȻ֣ԷһƷʣǱһɷǳǿϢʮֿɲһҶ˺
ԷƺҲ⣬ڤҲ𳤽ٳ֣뿪ҶҲУҪնɱҶ㡣
Ҷһ͸һʱ̸Ҷ
ʲô˼һֱҸʲô
ҶʶԷ˼㣬гɵʱɱԼ
㲻ʱɱ㣡
䣬˵ĺʱ̸Ҷ㣬ֻҪҶҷɣͽ֮նɱʮᡣ
ͲͻȻͻƾ磬նɱ
Ҷ˵£ɢǳϢ˭ͻƾ磬лնɱ֡
˴˱˴ˣ
ŮҲͻƾ磬ҶΣˡ
ͣͣŮҶʮҶʱ̾裬ָ߶Ƚš
һɣ־ͻû͵ϮŮҲһɣҶȻҲ֡
αڤ粻飬֮䲢ޣΪʬҾûҪɡ
ҶͻȻתӣΪڤʱ̶ԼΪʬ˵ȥ
Ů˵ˣĬ˫ҧסｫҶ飬ԼòԷˣôΣ϶С
ڤ幫ò˲ˣףߵŮԼĸףòֻǱ˴̡
ڤ磬ݵͬŮһ㣬ܶ໭Ϊ˶ԼĻ£ڤ֮£ƣ˭ժ֣ӡ
Ȼңףڤ˻ȥժ֡
Ȫ̽˺üΣͽڤܿȻʣҲκβ
ڤܸҶ㣬Ψһİ취ɱҶ㣬֮һ˰ˡ
֮䣬ֻһܻȥ
ڤʮֹϵ˵ûء
ȻԷ˵˾ҶҲ˵ʲôֻܼ·γȥҶʶһʤż
ϣܿ۽磬Ժкܴİ
ƫһżҶûκεĺôС׻ʱҶҲǰȥС׽ӻ
ʱôã֪СôˣʵҲ̫͡
Ѱ壬ǰԼµĻأ̫ѧԺֻһ壬ʺΪأҶҪ̫̫ࡣ
ɫˣǰһĳ򣬴൱ɽһǣ磬ĵطֻǳ
УɫѾĺŮţʱ̱ʮ֮ң
ҶѾϰˣУҵһҾ¥ϵľ¥Ҳˣ
С
һҹ߶ȽţҶʮƣڤһʱҶͷϡ
۵
ڤҶ棬гϣ
ʴүҪʲô
Ůɢ֮СĿһҶŮ˲ѣǵˡ

ŮȻ䣬һ˿ĸ飬Ŀڵסˣֻп˵ʱ򣬲Ż̧ͷ¶һ˫۾
۾͸տɫ˫ЩһͲǴѪ
ϣ
СϽȥ׼ȥˣҶڤš
ôһֱң
ҶʵԼĿģѵԷôһֱԼûԼҪ
ɱ㣬Ȼ뿪
ŮƺЩ仯ô䣬ϵɱҲȥ
ҶֻҡͷЦԼöᣬȻôһ鷳


1826 Ұǰ
˾ôţ˭Ҳ˵ֻܴЦ
ܿҶһںȥɽ磬ҶΰƣζЩ
ڤƿԼͷ֣¶ҲˣΪ֮
ֵǣӣС죬Ͻ°ͣ΢΢¶ѩײӣ˾кܴɱ
㿴
ԶӣͻȻ˳߿˹ȻҲڤİһҺղܣȫչֳΪ֮ˡ
ֻĺһڣڤͷ£ּסòˡ
СӣǱãˣ
ͻȻ߹ӣһɷÿ˵ֱ϶д̻࣬һͷʮɲǻһ㡣
ƺӰɣ
Ҷû˵
СӣҪλŮǵˣȰ㻹ǸϽҹ
˿ڤͲ԰ΣԲŴ㽫Ҷߡ
ǲģʲôϵбԼߣ
Ҷ֮ãͲڽڤߣԼˡ
๫ūֻǸһŤͰ͸ˣ»ôĵ𡣡
ڤͻȻһȻƺҶ๫¥вˣͶ
ΪҶ̫СˣԼ˵ϷȻŲʣɱ˴ߣ
СԼŮ˶ˣ
Ȼ˴ų֮ɫҶС
ҶпԣڤĵڹԼһҲͲˣ˶ΪԼС¡
СŮ£Ҫ㣬Ǹ缸Ҫ㣡
֮䲻ͣ˿ģҲѴ֮ܽСŮ㵽֡
ҪߣҪ๫ͬ⣬Ȼ飬Ҳܹ塣
ڤ͸һħղܣ⹴ǻգ޲ھҪƿڤ֡
Сӣҿ
˵Ȳˣһ˴ֳҶץ˹ޱȣȻǰƷ
ҶڤϢ˿Ʒ˲δʲô
ҰǰԽԽԵˣȻ컯֮£ǿŮ
̾ϢһҰǰɲãرǸһҰǰ߱ɱڣǲ塣
ҶݺݵĵһڤûһȻЦڿȻĺ֮֮⡣
꣡
ƻδ£ҶֱͻȻһԷȭͷģͻȻȭͷˡ

ͻȻֵӷһҽУԼȭͷ˴ͱᶼʹĵ
ԼֵܱҶˣɫһ䣬׷׳һҶ㿳¡
飡
Ҷ廯ΪһӰȭͷͻȻʣ˵ɳȥ䵽һԵǽڱԵ
Сӣ㾹ȻҴҰǰˣǲǻˡ
˼ԱŻڷԲǧ˭֪Ұǰﲻǣһǿİɣһˣ൱ڵҰǰ
ȳֵİɣ
Ҷһ޹ԼڤˣһҲˣССҰǰҲвԼ
ټֵܣ
վ֮óһöרõͨѶټҰǰ֡
Ҷüͷ΢壬£ֻǾ̫ԩˣڤһѣҰǰԸԼ
㿪ˣ
ҶɫһڤղǵƤĿǣҹҪɱڤϵһȥ
ˣ
ڤƽûɱҲͦģҶʱΣ֮УԼлˡ
ҪɱңûбҪô鷳ɣǿˣȻɱҡ
Ҷﻹ˼ֻǸ㲻ףȻҪɱԼȥŬʵԺһɱԼǡ
Ҿϲң
ڤ޺޵˵һ䣬ԼϲôҶܲš
ôһƷҶҲˣ˦Ҳ˦ɱҲɱǹƤҩһ
䣡
¥ܿ챻Χ˼ʮҰǰĳԱÿֱ϶д࣬Ŀͷɢĺ⡣
磬˭Ҵ㣡
ʮˣ˵ˣǰѯʡ
СӣȻҰǰ
˽ղŵ˵һ飬Ұǰڸ˭ǣǲұ鷳ͰӷˣȻ˴ˡ
Щͷ׷˵أԸ£¥ܿ쾲ֻʣҶڤˣмʮҰǰΧס
СӣϽվԹԵĸǻҰǰãҲܼȻڣ
ʮ˳ڳкü˶ǾƷʵܲΪΪܵĵز
ҪҲȥأ
ҶЦеĻشССҰǰҲҪԼҶǰ׳ˡ
Ұǰ·һ
Ҷ㲻ʶȤʮ˲ƣҶͷ
ﲻ㽻֣ҪҪɱң͸ɣ
Ҷ㲻˼޹ͻȻʧԭأ뿪˾¥ȥ
ڤҲವһʧԭأҶΣ޷˦
ʮҰǰԱ׷׸ȥʱ䣬¥ɹһЩȫƷɳȥʮʧһɶ
ΨҶڷżö񾧣Ҷ㵱ȻҪˡ
ŴҶߣƹŸվһ֮ɫ
ҰǰԽԽⱣȥǺˣ
вŲˣӵ˳ʮҰǰԷȾƴˣרóԺúȵģЩ̼Ѿٲά衣
ϣܳǰɣ
ƹϼö񾧣һ۴⣬ͷҶֳ˶ø˵̫ˣЩҲס
⣬һտشҶͻȻͣס壬ڤȻָҶʮ룬һ½ȫڵڵס˵ġ
ɱ
˵ѾָĲˣһ£ʮͬʱ֣Ʒ죬Ҷû
дӡ
ҶʩչдӡǹϢˣԶڤͻȻ¶֮ɫƷ֮УȻڤƵϢ
飡
һɳȥʮˣЩƷȫɣѪо䣬󲻶ϵĳ鴤¾ˡ

ʲôƷûлǣֱӱ̫ˡ
̶һУնɱʮˣʣʮˣ¶֮ɫ
ҲҪ£Эһܽնɱ
ʣʮˣͻȻγһȦҶм䣬ÿ棬һڵĶڣëȻ
һϣ
ʮС˺ܶ࣬ԷҶݺѹԶ빥ҶֵĻᡣ
Ҷһ䣬ͻȻһΣһӵǰϲֳ֮ˣֱס
Զ빥Ҷܻɱ֣ϲֿ֮Զ빥
֣
Ȼ֮䣬ֱһ棬һڵĶ룬ޱȡ
ѹҶ㷴ӦĻᣬһ䣬춼Ƕ룬Ҷ


1827 ⶾ
Щ˺úݶȻж룬ʮִ
ͲޱȣֱӴ͸գֱҶ塣
ҺҶзղǳֵһ̣ͷж
ʱ䣬Ҷ㻯ΪһӰʧԭأܿ춾룬ÿһö붼ɢ֮մΣա
һöö룬Զľ棬ЩˮͰֵĴ˲ήһƬض˺ɫⶾ̫ˡ
ҶɫޱȺ̫ˣ˶񶾵İóԼ˷֮⣬ͱᴩ塣
ҶܶϮʮ˶һ֮ɫҶٶ̫ˡ
ԥ˲䣬ˣһҶ㣬һƷǵ棬¶һͲ
ݡ
öͲͬһʱըһαȸղٶȸǿһɢĻ⡣
Щ⽫Ҷεסγһ󷨣ʩչ̶ֳȣҶ㶼ɰԾ
Ǹ
ҶŭˣֱһϢ֣ϧһϾҪĺ󱳡
ಣ
ҶͻȻо󱳴һ磬ͻȻûʱ俴ҶҲ֪˭
ӣ
ҶѾ֪ˣ϶ڤû͵ϮԼ㰵ɱ
ֵˣڤĳûд̴Ҷ壬ǹһ磬Ҷ󱳵Ķ붼ɳȥ

ҶǿϢʮѹȥһͻȻըΪһѪˮ
ΪղһʱʴȣҶΣҺڤʱ֣Ҷһ
ű⣬ϸţëĶ룬Ҷһ񺮣Ұǰ̫ˡ
ͨʹƶ˵Ҷ̫ˡ
תӣڤȻҶ㱣ʮ֮ңδ
ղΪʲôҪң
Ҷʮֺ棬ڤ岻ҪɱԼΪͻȻȣҶܲ⡣
Ҫҵ˭ɱҲУ
ڤһӣɱҶļƻ䣬ֻҪҶԼ
ղȫлŶ뻹û֣Ϊβɱҡ
ҶԷҪɱԼǺǿңղȫлᡣ
Һˣлᣬһ
ڤ˵ղȷʵоͻɱҶ㣬֪Ϊʲôһ˲䣬ˡ
һѣϮҶоԽԽ˫߽ʧȥ
ͨ
ڻ֮ǰҶ㿴ԼֱϣһڵĶ룬ûȫܿ
ҶͻȻԣڤ¶һ˿֮ɫߵǰҶֱϵĶ룬ҧҧ촽Ҷ㲱ϡ
ʮʱ䣬ڤԥɱɱܼ尾
Ҷ㿡εףܿ쿪ʼŤƳܴܺʹ࣬һ˿˿Ҷɢʼʴ塣
ϱǷģ
ڤͻȻ𳤽Ҷ㱧ٸȥ
ͷ֮Уڤһ˼֮ɫҶѾһʱˣҪٲʱΣ϶º֢
ѾγǶػҶ棬ҶԼ޷֮ȫȥ
ԥһʱ䣬ڤվߵߣҶ屧ϥڴϣԼҲȥ
֮ڤ˫Ҷ󱳣ʼתҶ棬
ͨˣֻҪУɣҶ㲻ͬѲ˿ԣٶ֡
ػһʱûҲǳ֮ãҪǶزȻΣҶӰΪ
ԪҶ壬ʼ赼־֮УʺɫѪҺⶾȻĶ޵ľѪƶɡ
ЩۼһڤڵԪҶ֮УʼߵҶֱ档
ʱٵţڤͷʼһֻ֣ժ棬ҶǻԵģҲûˣԲժ֡
һžµףտ˫ͫɢ˵ɫʣʵǣӣС죬֬ѩ׵Ĳһֱȥ¶һĹۣӿ϶԰Ρ
ͷϵĺˮСּҶĺϣЩǻһ㣬޷֮ڤɫԽԽѿ
У·޷ȥҪҩˮУ
ڤͻȻһӡؿֱ棬ɢȫ
չȫҲѾˣȻȻҶ㲻Ǳɰ׳գҲһǧɡ
ҵСڤ׼һͰˮðڵİԼĴָ棬óܶҩۣľͰ֮С
ŻԲѵҶ㣬ڤӲƣκ˶޷һ㽫Ҷ·ȥ㣬ľͰ֮С
ԼҲȥ£ֻʣһ·ľͰ֮У˫ٴҶĺ󱳡
ľͰҩۿʼãҶĶأһ˿˿ڵʣ˳Ҷë͸
ԪϵתŲдĶ˳ҶֱߣֻҪƳ⣬Ϣ죬ȫָ
ҶԪȻԹȥʶѵģֻ⵽˶ֺŵ档
ڤΪԼˣҶʮָжرǿǾµףǰԼĺ󱳣壬Ҷ㲻ϵطĦ
ľͰ̫Сֻһˣˣǳӵ
壬Ԫܸõͨɫ΢΢ڤ۵ĿҪˣ˻Ӳ޷
ǰӣڤҧҧ촽¶֮ɫɱǲɱɱõʱ
ϵĶѾˣɱ͵Ϯڤ²ȥ֡
Ϊʲôһƿҵ֣
ڤᣬɱȻѣԼô죬ѵҪһѳ
Ҷ۾򣬽Щų⣬ȫָ壬е㣬Ҷ֪Լڤȵá
¾ѶԷҶװԣûѣһҹڤ崦״̬ľͰָԪ
ˣ
ͻȻ¡ĽŲŭ
ɱҰǰ˾
͸ƴ˷棬Ҷ֪ʱװȥˣ˫ۣľͰ֮վ

Ҷ˹ڤŵüһδü֣ȫ©Ҷǰ
ֻһ㱡·ʪԺ󣬽ϣȫ©⡣
رǰһԴ磬Ůûεϰߣԭһɴϣ͸װˣҶ㿴һ
쵰
ڤҶֱĶԼ˫أľͰ˳ʹһ˿
ԪΪ˸ҶŶˣڷǳڵء
ҶһͷߣԼֲǹģͻȻ˴Լûа취ѹȻҶҲóΡ
OO@@˸Ͻ·ڤó֣Լ沿סģһһЦεӡҶԺ档
Ǿգн壬ҪǣҶо֮
ԽԽϾҪƿҶ㽫ڤ


1828 սҰǰ
ܵĽԽԽܿͻᱻƿ
ڤǳվԭؼҡҡλΣҶЦһǷ£֪ʲôʱܻˡ
䣡
Ƴױ򿪣ֱӱ߿һȺˣһҰ׺ݣÿ˵ֱϣһͷҰǰˡ
һһҹĵ飬ڲ鵽Ҷ֮أڶҰǰĳԱջΧˮйͨ˵ȣ˵ء
СӣɱҰǰ𣡡
һʮֱ뺷߽ҰǰгһöǰףֱϵĴ࣬Ȼ˹ҰǾѪȥģӵҰӡǡ
û
Ҷޱ䣬ԼҰǰڤһҶѾһʬˡ
Ұǰ·ǳ֮Ӿ¥֮ҶܿҰǰڱǳã˺
ܺãɱҰǰӣ֪׼ɣ
ҰǰҲøҶϻҰǰȻǸСɣʤ˶࣬㼸ǧɳԱȻǿ߶Ըǡ
ҰǰǶƷʣ⸽ΪΪ
ҶɱһƷȻǸ⸽һøٻ͸˹Ҷɱ
ء
⣬һҰǵĺУҰûҰǰ﻿Ұǣһ˽֣ҰܷӺܴá
ҰҲһޣǵٶܼǳѲرҰϲȺӣһ֣ǳֲ
廹ܶ𣿡
Ҷתͷڤʵ
ڤ˵ͷֻԪݽߣѾ취ָˣֻҪһʱ䡣
ãǾ͸ңɱȥ
Ҷ˵ͷ׼ڤɱһѪ·ѱΧҶԼһ˵Ȼ׵롣
ڤУҶо֮Ҷһˡ
ս֮УΪ˹ϵûеһڤȻҪɱҶ㣬Ժܶܣǲ֪
ɱ¾֮ˣһҶʮСģԷжִİ
Ұǰ֮˺£ǵĶ룬ʮֶ񶾣Ҳ˶һĶͨԱУֻһֻܷʮ
ҶҰǰ︱ߵĶǸ߼룬Ҷ˵
ɱ
Ҷ㽣һɨ˲ķѣڿջ棬վˣ٣ҰǰΪɱҶ㣬ҲǷѾ˼˸гԱ
ͻȻץסڤС֣ҶʧԭأһãǰļҰǰԱɳȥǰɺɫĿӡ
ѪɣҰǰķ򶼱Ҷһɶȫɱ¾֮ա
ڤҶǣţСֱҶֽģһ˫ĿסҶĺ󱳣ԪָĲˣҲûҶ֡
ֱײҶܿ忪һѪ·˴ϣǰټұջû˸ҳ֪Ұǰ׺Ѿġ
ԼɳԱҶɱһƬҰǰվסˣֳִǰҶݺѹƷʣ졣
ϣ
Ҷĳǰ˻ҰǰȻǶƷʣϿƷʣǳ
оֱ۷飬ҶŲһ죬ϵζܿǰ
ÿһ£϶ӣһʯɳȥҽľ¥ջ֮УһЩͼܲסʵѹƣϵĵ
Ұǰб¾͸
Ҷ㲻˼޹ȻҲʸ֣ƺԸ£Ŀսַչ
һΣ⣬һƽʺϽ֣ǵҶ֮üĽǧͷҰ̾ܣصˮйͨ
һҰǣ죬¶ɺǻҺ£Ҷ֣ЩҰ˫Ųϵŵ棬ͻȻҶ
ÿһͷҰǶ߰Ʒһλô࣬Ұǰѹ˲ⱣһЩƷʶԸǡ
ҶһֻǣڤٶȻʩչܵƣɱ¾֮һɨҰǱҶһնϡ
ԽԽҰǳҶ˹ҲܵѪĴ̼ǳ׷ˣ߰Ʒ޸ΣҶ㣬ǼܲסӴ
һһ㣬ҶƣӦôҰǣɱҲҪɱһʱ䣬һҰǰԱ

Ҷ¶ޱϢ쿴ˣȻˣԴɱ䣬ҰǰͱˣΨгɱ⣬˽¡
һ޴ıɽˣͻȻ˴ѩЩѩҰϣֻҪմϣͱסͷҰǱ˱
㼸ͷҰǣ˲䱻ɱҶһץЩҰȫʧǺöܻȡܶԴ
ԼǧͷҰ˲䱻ҶɱһɶҰǰˣ˿ڡ
ɱ
ҰǰҲҶֶһѣһȣҰǰԱȥƷռ˼ʮˡ
ݣɱһƷˣҶʮΣգǿΧֻóֵơ
ɱ¾
ʱ
һôʱǵٶȣôɱ¾ոǵ
ֻգۼĹһٶ˲ɱˣӹǣķ򶼲ˣһƤžǻΪҽ
һֱҶǣŵڤҲ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҶɱֶΣҪڤ廹Ҫֲ
и
ǰ̣Ҷʩչ˴иľݳ֣и֧飬ڴʱڸ֮£ķѡ
ͬ޵⣬ŨѪ֮棬ƿգѪۻ֮ɢ
һЩ֮ˣ׷߳ӣ⿴ȥضʬ壬¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ҶֶԽԽǿﵽһƷʣҶ㻹δʹսһÿй

ˣ޴ʣµס޷ѹ
ɱ¾ֱ֮ӳ֮У޼ɵɱһʯ֮䣬̶һʱ䣬ʣһٶնɱ
ǰҰǰĳԱ˰һЩ֮⣬ĲˣҰǰɫһҶ㣬նɱҰǰһľ
Сӣúݵģնɱôˣ
ҰǰײУҲûһնɱˣҶһ˲䱻¾һɶ
ɱ˺ɱ֮
Ҷ˵ҰǰﲻԼҶҲȥնɱҰǰԱѾֻѪΪۡ
Ҿɱ㣬ΪȥҰǰԱ𣡡
ҰǰͻȻ˹ƷʵϢϯ
ȴһԣ
ûЩСආҶɿڤС֣ڳȫͶ뵽ս֮С
ڤһҶ㣬ֻߵһɾĵطĹҶս
ûڤǣҶವһζҰǰӲӲײһ
ֵ⣬Ҷųɱ¾֮趯֮ԻأҰǰˣƷʶѣҶѹǺܴ
ҶѿȶƷʣһȭռȥ
ģ
˵ķͻȻײһҰǰȻҶɳȥ


1829 նɱ
ҶͬһޣҰǰˣɫԽԽѿ
Լһ磬սȴ˱뺷Ʒʣ̫˼ˡ
ɱҰǰһ徻磡
վԶʬ壬ȻĺУҶնɱҰǰԺҲû۸ˡ
ǸɱСӣɱǡ
ƽʱ۸Ĳ˵̣ھȻվҰǰΪ
ҰǰҪɱǣ˻ȷʵ£Ŀ⿴Ҷ㣬һϣ֮ɫ
İɣ죡
ҶЦһ峤ֱ룬ɲĵɢͬŭĺˮҰǰ˲û
дӡ
һУÿһг֣ڤ۾ϴΪҶдӡ棬ڤƵϢ
ҶôѧģûڤҲһ֮ɫ
ⲻҪģҪҶĽڤƣΣԽڤԭķ롣
ͬһɽݺݵѹҰǰɫϱ仯һˣҶ̫ǿ
¡
ǰһɨǿƿдӡɲˣɨ䣬һЩ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
Ϣķûÿһأϵĳһƿѷˣ֩鲼Բ
ҶǸÿ̤һҰǰͺһɫޱ
Сӣҵģ
ҰǰͻȻס壬£ðһаϢֱͻȻ˻ҰͷһҰӡǣҰǵĲлС
ޱ
ҶҲ΢΢ԾҰǰҰǵѪԼںϣڳȡҰǵԪ꣬ں֮󣬼ѪܱҰǵ̬
գۼĹҰǰһģҲ࣬һͷҰǣ˫֮ϣһۼףǳǿ
ԴܿҰǰ֮⣬ĵطһҰǵ̬֮Ǽɶ˺ܶ౶
੣ҾͺȸѪ
ҰǰЦëȻ˺ǶҰǰ⸱ģΪҶ㵣ġ
Ҷ㲻УҰǰɱò˶ãҰǰͻɱôЩˡ
дӡ
ҶʩչȻҰǰѹȥһεҶҪȫԸҪҰǰնɱ
Ұǰò׾ҰѪΪзսʤҶ㣬˭֪Ҷǿǿչ¶ȸղǿࡣ
ⲻܣ
ǹѹٴϮҰǰֱɳȥȻ޷赲ҶĽŲ
һ֮ܣ֪嫵棬ܶ಻˽Ķ
Ҷ㲻κεĻᣬ֣Ұǰˣ֪ùδһȴ޴ʩչ

ҰǰĴܣҶָһ㣬һˣ뵽Ұǰ档
Ų˼һĻˣҰǰϵϢڲϵ˥
ô£ҵΪڼţ
ҰǰˣоԼϵţƲסûƣҲû⵽شһ١
Ҳ۾Ҷֶο죬ɱ˾ȻɫҰǰһ㵹¡
޴棬˺Ϣ֮⣬һ
ҶҪϾҰǰĻᣬ˭֪ǲһ˿л꣬һз⣬϶ʱܶ޹ʵ˻ΪԼ
˴Ҷ㳹նҰǰԪԶ޷ӵзǻ걮޷ˡ
ߵҰǰߣһץҰǰʧǶƷʣķÿԲԼ
Ҫһ֮Դ϶ͣҶȻһң˭ԼԴࡣ
ʣ¼ҰǰﳤϿˣŵóԶߡ
ϲ֣֮
ϲֳ֮ˣߵļץ˻նҪҶҪҰǰˣˡ
үҲǱҰǰȵģżҰǰ
˿ʼͷģϣҶܷŹһ
ȥã
Ҷ䣬Щ޹֪٣ɱǲƽϢ
˿ɥֻܴҶ㳯øȥڵϵЩʬ壬û˴еĴָҶߡ
Ұǰˣ˶˳ϲأǹһȼ̻
ʣµҰǰﲻΪһЩСආˣֻҪһȻһɢҶѾãõ٣Ұǰﳹ׸
Ҷ뿪ڤҧҧ촽ҲȥȻʮ֮ң
ҶЦһΪ뿪ȻԼҪҪɱǺܺõĻᣬΪλҪҶ㡣
ȻԷߣҶҲ𣬱ϾҶо֮
һʱ֮ҰǰóˣٰѲ߿ϻˣ׷ǰӭӡ
ϣǲȥôǼˡ
ʮֺ棬о񣬾Ȼֻϻˡ
λүҰǰãڿԷŹ˰ɣ
ϺݺݵĵһۼгԱһĿɥ֮ɫ
ܺãҽȥ
Ҷ˴Լȥп϶и֣Ȼˣһ
˿ƣгԱڣöˣҰǰá
˷Ұǰ
Ұǰڲֳһӣʮ꣬ҰǰʦһƷʣá
ʱ䣬Ǽ˳֣ҶΧڤȻվҶʮ֮⣬ʱ̱롣
ҰǰţڷԷΪҿһȻ˶Ҫ
Ҷ㲻ɱ޹ΪƣҶ㲻һ·
СӣȻҵҰǰҰʶʶҰǰ
ʦһ£ٰгԱˣ涼Ͳ֣аİҶɱͻȻһð˳
ɲɱ⣬ǺˮһȫҪնɱˡ
ܵҶϢɱʦ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫͬһƷʣ·Լһֻϡ
ɱ
Ҷɱ˳ȥɱ¾֮ӣҶ㽫۷ɱ¾ʩչ쾡£ǲʩչĻᡣ
һΣҶ㲻ԵڶΣǻδʩչ룬ȫɱ⣬ڻˡ
һ棬һƬ޵Ҫ߶ܣһЩ©֮㣬Ȼڤɱˡ
ʦʣΪϲߡ
ЩͨİڣֱӳԶȥ˵
ߣһ
ҶһͻȻʧԭأĳھʦǰٶȣҶ㳬ԽƷʡ
ҶסԼʦˣһƨڵϡ
ԩ޳ΪҪҰǰ
ʦѾʶ˲ԣڻûлҲ׶༪ˣ϶ҲС
˵ûǵȷԩ޳ֻҲѡ
Ҷ˵ڤѾҰǰⲻǶԹԹ


1830 
ⲻǶԹ⣬ҶҰǰǿʳҶҲŮԴˣĴ
սɨɾҶ㿴һ۲Զڤ֪˵ʲôˣղߵһЩҰǰԱڤɱ
ڰԼǼ׷ɱԼҶ㲻ˡ
лľ֮ҪɱңҲԣҶԹ
Ҷ˵꣬ǵ뿪ûжıҪˣҰǰһƻƽһʱ䡣
֪ҶøԲ󣬷·˶õͷţƹ
ҶȻɱǧˣȴ˸ˣɱֹɱʱҲһ־˵ķ
Ӳ֮ҶС֪ˡ
ڤȻҶ󣬱ʮ֮ңҶѾֲˣȻԸţҶҲǿ
˵ǰҶɱ˼ûˣԼ˼Ҿȵá
ԽɽԽʱ̱ͬľ룬ϣǰ죬ڤҶʮ֮⡣
벻볢
ҶĿ⣬ڲԶڤʵ
һ·ϣҶҲżͣͣʱʱҰζÿζڤǶԷܾϳҶ㿾⡣
һοǺ񡯗ޣۣɢŨڤԥһ£˵ͷ
ҶЦˣ˹ȥڤӹ⣬ͷƿôһ㣬ϸϸƷ
ﷴҲûбˣͿˣһͷֲñŤ𡣡
ҶԷǾգ˵ڿһۣˡ
ͻȻһɱ֣ڤ˫Ŀ֮Уһâӳ˸ĸԼѾ֮⣬Ҷǵһ֪
úúãԸͼţ
Ҷ˰֣ûǿڲɱԼˣһֺܴĽ
˼ĬҶڵĿ⣬þûôʹˡ
ôã֪ʲô֣ģڤĬĬŰɡ
ڤҶʮˣ˵ĬĬ·
ҶԼ֣ڤֺݺݵĵһҶ㣬û
Ȼ㲻˵Ժֻܳƺ·˼ˡ
Ҷҡҡͷֻܺ·˼ףûƣԼܲϹһ
죡
·˼ҪжڤûšҶ㣬˵Լ֡
С㣬ʵڲףΪҪһֱңѵΪҳñȽ˧
ҶˣԼһʱҪɱڤ壬˭ﶼë
޳ܣ
һ䣬ûô޳ܵˡ
Ҫ˵һ仰ݹҲ
ҪˣҶ˵˵ٴγ֡
Ҷʼ磬Ҳ˵ˣҶԼ죬˫ĳԹҲǽԴϲ˭֪ڤѹˡ
֮Ҷó׼ϢɽׯкԶһ·ҶûдУҪ硣
ٲ¡¡ڤվٲ棬˼ǧһƿ֣Ȼٲ棬ϴ塣
𣡡
Ȼ֮䣬һ޺ҶϢವһ첻ԭأΪ⣬ٲԵȥ

һĻҶѪȻٲϴ裬ֻǴһ·ȫ©
ղŵ޺Ҳѣ׼ϰ˭֪Ҷٶȱ죬ȫ˸⡣
ҶתװûһĻѾӡ뵽ҶԺ֮С
·֮ŴӰ˳ɫܲÿֻڵס°벿۾ͷ©⡣
˼ղҲǹģ
ҶǸ⣬ԼѾǸղһɲ޺ҲóȻٲῴһĻ
ұ죡
ԼղųվҶǰͲһӸҶһ֮ƺ²˳
ţȥʲôˡ
ҶԼȥ鿴һ£ղ޺ǳҴʱֵҹ󲿷޶Ϣ
һڤûиȥĴԭء
Ҷһֻ飬ٵĴɽ֮У˳Դֵ濪ʼζо޴ڽ֡
ʹ֮Ҷû֮ϣ߸ãԶԶȥľǵһƬƬ£һмʮɸߵ޳ˡ
룡
Ҷ㰵ԾĻ룬ɲҶǰ뾫Ѫ֮Ķ
ĶҲȻһȻڰްϲ󣬵棬Ҳ޾ѪϣȻ
޲֪ôײһ𣬷˴򶷣˭Ҳ˭ѾһƬ꣬ɽѣޣȻǸ߼ҪԶԶء
һ޺﷢ҶĤʹʵҲ۷ʼһ֣ѡ
ҶԶԶܿ˼ԼֻǺ֣޾ˮˮΪηͻ
ۣ֮͸ϵһʵ࣬ѻܶ֡
ҶĲһ޴̣󲿷ֶ̣һֿܣͬʱĳֱǲӶ֮ġ
ûбļҲûζѵֻǵ໥˳۾ʹһ̣
֮һ͸һҶһ𣬷һЩŵ
ǵǻõĶҲǻһޣȻҲҪֵ
Ҷˣ֮࣬ܳԣҲҩȴǳĿֲ
ҪܵõöǿԽɱ¾֮а˱ȫƷĳ̶ȡ
ҶҲЩȵˣЩҶڼȱĲϣλȥһЩ
綼ޱҪ򵽳ֵĲϣôףǿ
Ҫ۷弶Ҷ㲻ˣһͷɱοͷ
ҶҲģһƴһһǾлˣҶڵȡ
ԽԽңڵϹľ֪ѹ˶٣ҺôʱֵҹڻߵɽУṳ̂
ԶƬҶͻȻ壬֮Уֱӵ䵽ϣ޺Ȼûз֡
֮йۿʱ䣬ҶͻȻʩչ֮뵽˵£޻ûз֡
ҶĶᵽɤϣֻҪ޷֣ƽ뿪ˡ
һ³ȵϢ·͸֮УоˣҶͻȻࡣ
ʶȻǿҲ벻˿̵Ѿһˡ
岻ϵ½ܵ¶ԽԽߣһ֪γ˶ˣޣҲǲŷŴ
ʯɺޱȣճȥ͵ҺҶ˴Щγ˿⣬޷˺Լ
֮ۼ͸Ĵһҽˣǳĺΰ
ҶҲҽֵģǵһμҽǱĶһ㣬


1831 
ҽҶ㲻óȻȥڵóȻȥŪûᱻҽڻ
򿪷֣Ҷ˳ǽڣһǰ£һ޴ܶЩҽ˷ҽβλһܶŨҵĵҽ
¶ߵĵطҲǵ֮ء
¶ȵһĳ̶ȣͻһԼľ壬֮һĵǳֲ֮
棬дĿʣľѲϣȻҶҲðս£ߵ
ϰףûа취
Ҷ岻ҿŨҵ¶ȣﵽȣֻҪҶһͻᴫҵ˸УһЩطʼð̡
̫ˣ¶ȿ߼ʶȴ
ĽҲ̾ҪܵõҹĴƷ϶Ʒĳ̶ȡ
ҪϢߵôףҪ֪޲Ųᷢ֡
Ҫǿȡ޿϶֣ᷢһΧʮҶҲӲȥ
ΪˣҶ㾭˵ɽ𺣣¶ҽС׼ˡ
ֻܽħĿռˣϣħҪʧ
ҶþħǿɵΣ̫ˣŪþħըҶֱӻ
Сӣ̫ΣˣħܲסѰ·
ĽֹҶ㣬ҪðգŪԼȥˡ
ãܲУ滹ޣһȡ޿϶ܷ֣Ҷܲ뿪һ⡣
ҹ˲ôˣ㲻˵ӵмƷôЩȥˣʵֻǵô򵥣Ҫõ䣬ұ뾡һпװ
ҶҪõ䣬ĿǰȥֱѰ·Ψһİ취ǲϵ硣
ھ翨סˣֻװʵ
Ľײ˵ˣȻָǰ۷壬ôЩҶһ·ĽҲˡ
ϣܴﵽߵľ磬Խ֮ǰĳ̶ȡ
ٰٵķĵеĵĻ棬ħ֮¶Ȼ½ɵİս֮ס
Ҷ㻹ǲҴ⣬սħ϶Ѱ·γһ֣¶Ⱦͻ󽵵͡
˵Ҷ٣һˮˣҽ棬󽵵ҽ¶ȡ
һƯȥ˵棬ͻȻһڶɽȥ
Ȼ䣬ʧȥ˵ҽʼñǵĺһ㣬ǵҽɡ
ʧȥ˵ǧľʧˣҽҶû
գ
֮Уһ󺣣ˮռ䣬Ưڴ֮ϡ
ˮϵıð˳ҺǶĿռ䣬Ȼͱȼһա
գ
սħ֮УҶ㼱ٵߣ׼뿪ⱻ޷֡
˿̵ĵϣ޴Ĳɿˣ۵ſڵϴڵĴŴ
֮ʩչ˼£ҶһٵĴԽڵ硣
ҽ緢濪ʼζƺʲôǿʶ¡
𣡡
޺ˣ֮⣬ܸܵļµĿֲվٲڤͻȻһΣ濪ʼζ
һҽˣͬɽ緢ӵ䵽߿֮ϣȾ˲񷣬ҽ۳ɺɽ֮ʡ
ЩľݣմȾҽ֮˲һڻҡ
޷УЩҽȻвǣǸղһսԪĴվûС
ಣ
Ҷܳ棬ʹ֮Զȥ޿֮ǿվӣڵϷķɱ
ɲϢҶ㽫ٶʩչ˼£Ǹ߼ʣԪĴƾҲܻɱҶ㡣
䣬Ҷٲ棬ڤδ뿪ͻȻȥֱӱڤٴηɵС
Ҷ뿪֮һʱ䣬޽ٲԲһգͲôһ㣬ڤͻ޵
ڤıҶ㱧ڻҪУΪ˵ϷٱеޣֻҶС
Ҷʹ֮ٶҪһ࣬ĸҶ㣬ߡ
ɽӶѣǰһɽ壬ҶһȦҲֻΧɽתȦٶȾʹ
뱻Ҷ㼤ŭˣֱӳɽײ˹ȥ֮ߵɽ壬ֱײ飬Ҷ˹
ಣ
Ҷ㽫ʹ֮˼£Ϊһߣʧԭء
Ļ뷢УҶײɽ壬óڶ棬ͻȻײһ
䣡
ʯǵٶȣô˻ᣬҶʧԭأϢ޸֪Լˡ
Ƽ򵥣һҪٶϣҶٶһ㣬ͻᱻץס
Ԫľƾǿ⣬ɱҶʮء
һжɺϣҶҲǸ󣬳˫ܾ˵ʱŴӵϴܳһм޷졣
һʱҶڤ壬ɢ㣬˳Ҷıǻ档
رڤǰһԴãҶ㣬ܿҶ˷Ӧ˱ͽһһ㷴Ӧ˴˶ܸӦõ
å
оҶĳλı仯ڤ˵һ䣬һǴŭ֮ɫ
ղҶȫûбҪҲðŽٲߣҶ֣ڤѾЩҽû
ɨһȦû׷ɫҲˣҶҵһش
Ҷ壬ڤֱӱҶ㣬ϱƮ
ղ鼱֮£ðˡ
Ҷ㻹ǴǸ⣬ղŽıסԷڤ嶼Ҷ㿴ˡ
ٷУһЩطһԴãҶ㿴
㻹˵
ڤղŵˣҶ㻹Ҫᡣ
·һҹˣϢһ£
ٷУҺо֧ţһˣҪˡ
ϥ£Ҷóǧö񾧣һԪʧһɶ
Ҷֲֿٶȣڤ¶һ˿֮ɫҶѵһ޵׶
ö񾧣Ҷڳֱͣ۾һâ˸
ּٵģڿٵĻָҶ㾳ûԪĴȣ֮˺ܶࡣ
һҾһ˫ƽˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ҶһЦ⣬ڤʵ
ΪһҾͻŹ㣬ɱһɱ㣬ƳʬԺΪڤЧ
ڤָһģɱͻȻɢ


1832 ʢ
ҶЦһԷϷŹԼҪץʱˣԷͻƾ磬ǾΣˡ
Ҫˣ׼һǣ
ҶЩǳڤʵ
һлᣬɱ㡣
ڤָӣرǸղţȻôаĶڤɱҶ㡣
ȻˣҲ˵ʲôˣ
Ҷûڶ˵һ仰һԾƲ֮У׼뿪
˵ҵһЩϣͿƼƷˣʱʵ϶ܴӡ
ҶʧڤҲΪһֱߣβҶ󣬱Ӧľ롣
һ߷УҶ򿪵ͼǰɽׯҶ㲢żǰżɱ¾֮˱
ˣ
ȷλ֮ҶѡһطշתΣҶȻصݳǣҶһ֮ء
ݳޱȾ޴ںг֮ϣ˵һǣ൱һС
ٴ̤ƬأҶ˷ǵĸоϴ˵ūڣ
̤ݳǣҶѾʼһĵλˡ
УҶҪҵһסĵطڹԴ׼
һͷ
ҵһ㲻Ŀջ·Ҷһƣ֮ɫ
һͷ
Ҷ˵꣬ڤҲ˵ˣƹҪóԿ׸Ҷ㣬ͻȻסˡ
˼ֻʣһͷˡ
ƹһ֮ɫ˼ʱһʣ׸˭ء
Ǹסɣڻһң
Ҷ¶ЦͿ԰ˡ
ң
ڤҲɵȻ֪ҶҪû˦޷׷ɱˡ
ҲˣֻʣһͷˣҪȥһң
Ҷ㻵˵ԼҲˣÿϢһ¡
λ͹٣ⶫ߼֣ƶΪˣֻǻһ䣬ٲһ䶼ûˡ
ԥƹĴߴ٣ʱ̫æˣûʱҶˡ
Ϊʲôݳôˣ
Ҷʮֺ棬ջһסʱЩ֡
͹ѵ֪ݳÿʮ궼һʢᣬʢһʱ䡣
ƹǿһҶˣѵ˲֮
ƹ˵
Ҷóʮö񾧣ƹҶҪ˽Ϣ
񾧵ϣƹĻúõĸһΡ
ݳǣÿʮ궼һʢᣬܶطμӡ
һʢᣬǶ޻ᣬڶ޳УΪʮ죬ҿ໥ģֻҪѹжעһҹ
⶷޳Ҷû뵽绹ôʢС
ڶʢǽʢᣬŶμӣһ¶콻гɽֻҪ㹻Դ⣬ר˻ش𡣡
ʢᣬҲʮʱ䣬ۣʱһ񳱣Ͻ۶ֹ
ƹĭӺɣ컨׹Ҷˡ
λҪҪͷ׼䣬۸ȽϹ󣬹壬ûǸˣ⼸죬дӿ
ԥƹͼӴһѣסˣƹҲϢһʱ䣬ĵȥۿʢˡ
Ҫˣ
Ҷ˾ס£ʢᣬǣ磬Ҷ˵Ҳһλᡣ
ĲϣҲϡеҩϣͻһ磬ƷҲԱ֮Ľһˣʱ뷲ʱ򣬾ǶƷʡ
ȥôãܻͣڶƷʣһ꣬꣬񷲽ȥ꣬Ҳȥˡ
ʱ䣬ԭ̤ѾﵽƷƷʳ̶ˣҶǰȥҲѰ·
ڤû˵ҲͬˣţʢᣬҲܴڤ岻磬ٻţܶڤ嵽ڻڶѨ֮С
ǧ磬ף϶Լ֮Ҳڵһ
õԿף¥ȷסˣֵˣעĿӣҪڤ̫ˣȻһ½Լȫ
䣬ɾҪһ׼䣬Ҷһµʱ䣬ķһ񾧣ǳİ
һһǧ񾧶òǷǳʱڣ߳ʮļ۸
Ӧ󣬺ܶջ֮£ʱܶ෿ӣӦǰߡ
˯棡
뷿䣬ڤֱ߽ݣϷţҶ˯档
治һªСݣڷһСǴݣϴ裬нػ˸޷
ЦһиطˣģҶѾںˣϥڴϣʼĿ
ԽԽ֣мһ޳֮գʱ˷ӿ룬μӶעֳζġ
ֳ棬˸ŽΪ֮
ҶȥڤȻֵûиԼڷ
Ҳ֪Ҷʱ뿪ôʢᣬ϶
죬ڵȵ޳ȻɽԵܶޣʱץûκͶȡɡ
¡¡
ɽΧҺ¡¡һԲģĽˣʮֹϣÿʮ궼ῪһΡ
ʮׯ򣬿޳ÿһλ棬һĻֻҪעھĻ־Ϳˡ
ֻҪԪעһ˿ȥǰƶص㣬һԴ
Ҷ򵥵һ£ĳϣȻʺĿʾˡ
뿪䣬ڤҲ׼ˣһ·ڵףһ׵ȹӣϴһɫɴֻһĿ档
ڤģտɫ˫ۣղܣΪɴ֣ڵסա
ڿҾڵ۾
ҶһֱԼڤͻȻһݵĶģ롣
ȿȡȥǸ鷳𡣡
ҶҰǰ飬ɲһˣҪǲҪ鷳ҶĿ޶ûء
㺦ˣ
ҶһЦ֮ɫڤʮֵ⣬ҰǰϴξΪһ£ɱ֮
Ҫǿĸ֣Ҷô졣
ջˮһ㲻٣
Ҷҡҡͷ뿪䣬׼ȥμӶ޴ᣬװʶɣҪ鷳
Ҷ㲻ҡͷڤͻȻ¶һߣʮֵ⣬һСȭͷܿȥ
ڿնĽ֪ڶˣҶ˹ϽҲһҲǼʮһΡ
ɽ棬˿Ѿɽ˺˻ڴˣԲλ᳡ɼʮˣǰƼ򶼲ֹ
ֻΧͨϢʱȥ
ʵʱĻʾԿ޳ġ
һһû񾧵ĸϽ
ʮţһζ޳ᣬеǰڷöͶʵģЩĻĲϣǳ
һһˣ⻹ҶʵһѣôӴһˡ


1833 ޳
һһˣ˼Դ롣
޳һλᣬ׬ȡ񾧣ͨɷԼϲĶߵȵʼôԴ
һʤ̭ıݣ󲿷ϵԴۼڼһϣӶﵽƸֵá
ҶҲԭвһڵ񾧣ҰǰõڣԴҪ򵽺öѣͼ񾧣һЩͲõģõĶƷ񾧡
һڶһƷ񾧣ʮöĲǺܶࡣ
۶ҪμӵᣬҶ㵱Ȼ϶ǿ˸ŽݳҶһλᡣ
һ򣡡
ҶóһԼԴҲ࣬һӾˮһ롣
㲻Һ˷񣬾һ򣡡
ڤվҶ󣬵˵ҪҶ㲻һ򣬻ֱӺ񣬹Ҷܿͻᱻû
㹻ݣ
ҶݺݵĵһڤǹԹԵóһһ·ϲϵıԷǣűߣҶѾҪˡ
ҶԹԵ˳ڤ¶ζЦݣȫҶɱһ
쵽ƣԼλУҶڤһ˽ȥ

ҶһĹĵӣڤȻĵҶ˵
𣿡
Ҷ˵һ䣬ԷΪ˾ԼϣľͰ֮У壬Ҷеŭܿɢˡ
ڤЦһ£û⣬ĸҶ㣬̫ˡ
ҵλ˺ܿãǰһλܼ˼ˣ˸һᣬܾˡ
Ҷߵһʮҵӣұڤ
붷޻һʱ䣬Һģǳӡ
ǿ쿴Ȫˣ
Ⱥ̵һȻ۽ˣ֪Ҫʸ߹ٱһ٣˷׷
ҶҲ˹ȥǳǿ󣬰Ȫһִգ˲ұӣ۾硣
ϵķѾںϵһǾ죬ƬصףһƷۣҲܱ⡣
ʶѻҲһۣΨۣ۷壬ˡ
ǿ쿴Ҳˣ
˷һôˣ޴ᣬôۣ궼ʱŻ֡
½ۣ˵ǽɽһλ棬ʩչ֮˳֮λǻǲҪ˵ˡ
Ҷ㲻ԶСĵ˵ǲŽã½ۡ
֣Ҷһۿ˹ȥҶĿ档
Ҷ㻹ʩչŶһ٣Ʊ۷֣Լǣ磬֪ԷܷܲԼ
ôˣ
ҶĬڤͻȻ˵ΪϾҪʼˡ
û£
Ҷܿ飬ֻǿһ۹ۣȪۣ˲һΡ
Ͼһ½ۣһۣ֮仹ǲٵĲ࣬ҹ񹲷ߵķʽͻۣΥ͡
ղźЩۡ
ڤͻȻƤʵˡ
Щ飬㻹ǲҪô档
ɵ飬Ȼ֪Ŀõ˼٣Ҷ֮һ˵ȫ¡
ٹ£ҲһẦ£ȵĿһ̣϶֪ʲôк¡
ϾҪʼդܿ򿪣Ӵ޳ˣʵ࣬Ʒ
ע
һӲ֮ϴʮׯԽֻҪԴģʮžԴ⸶
Ҷ㿴Ļ޵֣ʻһķܼ򵥣ֻӮ
һͷͷһͷħʵ󣬾Ϳ˭۹׼ˡ
Ҷʶɨһޣʵܽӽ˭пӮ˶ԷעŹ̼
ڤһ£ȻѺ˻ͷһ񾧣շͷٶռƣƺܶ˶ڤһ뷨
Ҷ㻹ԥڤʮֺ棬ҪҶѺʲô
ָĻϵ˼£Ҷѡħ֣ҶһֶĶ١
˼һ£Ҷһ֣һעһڤЩԾҶԴ
ôࣿ
ȻΪڤ幫ԴҲûҶĻӻһ־һ
û취ղŷѾĵ˶򣬵øϽ׬
ҶٺһЦŴȤĿ֮ԿħҶаյġ
ڤݺݵİһҶ㣬˵޺ܿսһ
ͨĻҲ׷עһ˶˻ͷ
˶ôɽ֮Уͷħ߳ɻǻͷսʤ֡
עʮĿ⣬ˢˢľۼϣغǵҡ
ܶҵŽһˣҪ̭ûԴȥˣǻһֱֵ̫ˡ
Ǳ˼Ѫһ˲嵽һ𣬿ʼս޳ܴƽףȻʼޣҲֹ
䣡
ײһ𣬷Ƶĺ¡ħ屿أٶȻϣǻͷһࡣ
ƴħܴԼĳֵĶ̴ȡ
ͷ֣
һЩѺͷ߰ͲסˣŭûͷϽ֣ħޱȵĻ𱬡
Ҷֻ٣Ŀű
޽ԽԽңһЩ߰ͲסȻ˻᳡Ե޲ԼȥѶֻܡ
ͷͻȻһ䣬ħ˹ȥޱȣٶϣռơ
ڴΪͷӮʱħͻȻһ͵طſ죬ͷĲҧ˹ȥٶҲ
ħȻһЩ似ãúܶ˴ʧɫоԼϵˡ
꣡
Ĳӱҧˡ
ֳͻȻһƬžһս˲ʮʱ䣬ͽս
𣡡
һ䣬һϵԴΪͷӮ˭֪ôס

ҶĻһ֣Ӯһ񾧣ҶԪӡȥȡˡ
ڤĹĵԭأĿҶӮһԼһ񾧡
Ϣһյʱ䣬ǵڶޱƴ
ÿһʵܽӽһҶȻѺһţһǺܶࡣ
ܳҶҪϸϸĹ۲졣
һڤѧˣҶѺʲôȻҶһһһ񾧡
ҶҲ˵΢΢һЦ
ܿ쿪ʼڶҲֻǳ˼ʮʱ䣬ҶȻٴѺУЩˡ
ܶӮ˵һȴ˵ڶӮ̫ˡ
Ӯһ񾧣ڤͻȻһСȭͷʮֿġ
ҶûвζģһʵʮֽӽҶ֮ͨۻС޷ֱӷ
ҶڤҲѡûмע
ֳѾˣ֣ÿһǧڵ񾧽ס
һΪη
ڤ⣬Ҷʵ
һ֪ˣ
ҶûнͣޣʵޱȽӽѺ˭ԣջҪѺ˭Ķ࣬һжׯڿƣҶֱӷ


1834 
ź֮ɫڤ޴ޣĲɿ
󲿷˶֧ͷ쵻֧ç쵻˾Ӷࡣ
֮УçಢռʲôƣӵѪʵǿ
쵻ѹķʽçϵĺˣڴΪ쵻Ӯһ̣˿ʼףˣʱçͻȻһ
£ðһƬƬۼףȻ󣬽쵻סˡ
ç
˴һȻǱޣһޱ֮ʵӡ
쵻ҵĺУһçˡ
ףף쵻ųçͻȻ죬һֽš
˴غΪΪ֣϶ס
ҶЦˣЦĺа죬һûв룬Ȼ֪çӮҶҲ
Ӯ϶һЩע⣬һè̫࣬Ҷѡֹͣ
һܶҵ󲿷ʱѹ˰쵻ϣɾˡ
֪çӮ
Ҷһζ֮ɫڤʵ
Ҷûлش𣬵ڤѾ³ˣҶ϶ֻ֪ѡ˷
һһҶֺüΣÿһζһ򣬲Ҳ١
ʮҶӮһǧˣڤϵķҲ׬˼ʮ񾧣˷ܵСֲϵĻ衣
һ첻ǺܾʣССֻ֣ܶδĳ֣ʱ䡣
½½볡˿ģҲ˳üһҵʣ¾죬ֻܳΪһˡ
뿪޳֮ǰҪһԴͳӮ񾧡
ҶҲżһü뿪ֻмӮ񾧡
ǰľʯעһԶʾһ֣ҶӮһǧ񾧡
ֵܣ
Ҷ󣬿ҶӮһǧ򣬷Ľǿ˵һǧֻëë꣬ϾܱЩǿһǧ
ɶѣ
ҶݹˣһͨӣǳĲۣûʶҶ㡣
ڤһõ񾧣˺ܿ뿪޳ڹ
صջһ·ϻ۵Ķǽ飬۽٣Ҳ˴ͷɥȾƷй顣
صջҶֱӱĿȴĽ١
Ҫȥ䣬һȥ
ڤͻȻȥһ·˳ȻҪҶȥ䡣
ҶһͷߣԼæڤַʲô񾭣һˣͲܰȵϢһ¡
ˣԼȥɣ
Ҷһڻؾ˹ۣҶ֪Լ֮ж󣬱Ҫһпʵ
Լ帴ˣԼ᲻ֱץߣЩ⡣
ӺӵԼȥǣΨʵܽҵҶȵǵȲ
һӣԼȥʱԶĸˡ
ĲӦҳȥ
Ҷ㲻ӦԼڤɢһ֮ɱʱӳ
ŶԷһɱ⣬Ҷ㲻֪Ҫʲô۶ӣĳȥɡ
һʱұϻ
ҶЭˣ£ͻƵƷʣܰˡ
ҶӦڤ¶һ˿Ц⣬ıóһ
һǰһ󣬺ܿ߳ջΪӿݳǣֵʮ֣ڤʲôϡ档
ڤԴѷ磬Ȼʮֹϣ귢չһЩϢǳĿˡ
Ǻ«Ǻ«
ϾȻ˷Ǻ«ֶ̭ˣȻҲܳ֡
ڤһһ߹ȥʲôƺܺ棬óһЩӣһǺ«
ϡŹֵĶֻҪϲڤȫҲܲõһ֣
ǽӮ˺ܶйϵǳĺá
٣ǰǸ椲
Ⱥ֮Уˣһ»һͳԴ˼ңڤģֻһɴڵݣǾպ֣ǳע⡣
ٵҲע⵽ˣ߹ߵڤ
Ůһ𣿡ٻʮֿҡҡӣʮʿʵ
ڤѡ֬ˮۣͻȻ˴ϣɫǺܺÿתӣǿһɫԵӡ
Ҳʶ㣬뿪
ڤ˵ҶȻվһ޶ԣһֻı飬˼ڤûµʱ򴩵ô٣зһЩӬ
ʶҪһȻʶˣ
ڤǾɫЦŨû뵽ôƷŮ
һֱȥ𣿡
Ҷ޶ԣζЦݣڤ˪ʮ
ʲôϵ
Ҷ̯̯֣Լͬû񱣻˫ϵʮģڤһֱҪɱҶ㣬ܰѣҶֶΪ
ҶǸ²ؼӣڤʮᣬһЦӣڤ㱩ߡ
Ͻҹ
ڤһٸϽղŵĺ鱻ȫƻˡ
˵꣬ڤԶȥ׼ȥˣ¹䡣
Ůżȥһɡ
һ䣬ֳڤֱץ˹ȥȻ޳ܡ
ڤͻȻɢһϢϢй¶ɫһƷҲǸżһݳǡ
ǿϢֱӰɳȥڤһ˦֣뿪ûᡣ
٣û°ɣ
үɳȥǰѯʡ
ŸʲôϽˡ
ٷһȣӸϽźţǵǿߡ
㿪ˣ
Ҷһ͵Ц飬ڤҪݺݵһ١
Ҫģҿûб㡣
Ҷһ޹ӣԼæûʱΣû˼ɽˮ
һ·ڤĹĵ·Ӯ˼ʮ񾧣Գӻһѣȫҡ
˺ܿ쿴ջʱһŲƺ׷
վס
һʮҵӳˣ󻹸һȺˣǸղűڤɵ١
Сģϵģǵ׷
ڤһãҲ̫ˡ
ղǼү
ԼүʲôУʮǵļ£˴ˣҲҪһ
ô
ڤϺԽԽŨҶüͷ΢壬ڤϣʬֶɡ
һƻĺ䶯ʱԼ޷ѳȥ
Ȼˣڸһ˰ɣ
˾ȻҪڤ뿪˶ӣҲʲô壬Ҳ̫Ρ
ôĿƾʲôҪߣ
ڤָϢЦƷʶѣȻ˴Բѡ
ȻˣֻԴ뿪ˣ
ΪҲ֪ڤûбȴ뿪˵ǿıڵǸ
ҪûȻᱻڽܷܲųûˡ
˵꣬ǿϢӭֳڤץ˹ȥޱȡ


1835 ϻɢ
ɷ˵ֱӳ֣ղٿǷԸˣҪŮߡ
ɲĶƷϢڤڸǶ߳һƷʵȴ֮һƷһ죬ۣһƷȫһΡ
ڤһһϢˣֵӷȥ
ڤҶ㶼޷սʤҲԽսƷʣΣ
Ҷûһվԭأʶסˣ˰͵Ϯ
򵥵һײһ𣬾Ȼ˻ȥ¶һ˿֮ɫƷʾȻһƷˣЩ˼顣
һƼ仯ղֻһֻ̽ΪצȻһֺצӡ⡣
ڤҴ⣬һΪһӰࡣ
ƣ
ûʩչڤƣһƷⱻ˷֡
ԽսԽ죬Һ編̣ݳǣӳ֮ķ򱻼ӹ磬ݳǷǳ
ԽսԽƵƵƶԼ壬ٶȣڤ˦һأٶϣڤѹķʽ߾࣬˲ֲ
飡
ڤһӡӵϣֱӱɣ⻹ڤˣûɱֵԭ
ɱ֣ղѾһʬ塣
ϽȻݹ飡
ڤ˪˵ǸϽرǸ٣һĲ֮ɫԼõŮˣȻò֡
ڤһȣӺȻʣ¶һ˿֮ɫͻȻ䣬ڤѹȥ
̣
ռһζһŷۺɫˣڤȫ
ã
Ҷ㰵һۺɫ᲻Ķҩ
ڤ̫ˣûзҪѾˣһЩĩͻȻһѣϮ

ҶͻȻˣһӡӵ棬һɱĺ壬ɳȥ
ߣ
˵ز˾Ҷڤʧԭأֱջ
һյ֮Ҷص˿ջ뷿䣬ڤڴϣɫ죬ʮܡ
Ȼ˴ϻɢ
Ҷüͷ壬ɫķĩһִϻɢ֮ϣͻʧȥһǡ
ȣȡ
ڤȣʼץ壬ϵɴܿ챻ƿ¶һžա
ϻɢǳ֮ж֮ʶʮѣȴƣܼʱͣ롣
ҶڷضȲǳΪѣڤȫİһĵˣڤԲпᣬҶܶ

±˺ѣ¶壬һԴó¶˳ҶֱӱܿӣŬ˼취βֶܻҩ
ȥҶҲڤϵ·ѵþ⡣
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ󱳱˱סڤȻſҶϣ˫ʼҶ塣
Ҫ㣬ܲˣ
ڤɫ糺죬Ҫڷǳǳѣ֪Լʲôȴ޷ֹͣԼ塣
죬У֮Ҳô
ҶһԪ˹ȥڤʶ΢΢ָһЩҲֹͣŤ
Ըģ
ڤҶ˵ѵʱ˵ġ
ҲУôܸڤһ𣡡
ҶҪڤ壬Ȼӵ壬Ѫȴڤ壬ѪҺġ
ѵҳò𣿡
ڤ⣬ԼòֹǿٱȻѪͬ׷ݸԴκ֣඼ƲĹϵ
ⲻ⣬ѾӣҲܱǡ
Ҷ˵ĺԼѾӣӶˣڱˡ
ԸģҪ㸺ʲôΣ
ڤҩЧʼܼʱƣ֪
ʶһɢҶԪѹƣ޷ƣԪһ㷢ףֱȫɰɫڤֻһմ
ŤڤȻȥҽҩˣ建ŵϣ˫ֻҶĲӡ
˫ֱӡȥҶκεĻᣬ˫ʹıסҶ㣬뿪
ֻһ˲䣬Ҷ𱻵ȼˣôһŮκ˶뷨ҶһֱڿƣѾӡ
˺ܿһڴطڤһߣ˫ϵҶζ
Ҷһ̣һ֣ڤͻȻ̱ڴϣһ̡
˿̵һջһӻ֮󣬾͸о䡣
ôˣ
ӱҶɨ֮󣬾͸о䣬ָ֮оأÿʼ¡
վһԣ˵ִˣȻϻɢʹ˳ϵʱв޹ˣմȾˡ
ѾŭһЩǿߣֽˡ
Һ䣬ҵĵﱻסˣ
ĵ֮ϣһ㺮˪ܿ챻סˡ
꣡
ѣͻȻزʼϻԪٵʧ
Ŀż峤ʧȥΪΪ
㣬ɫϣڲɱˣܲμݳκλʧһ峤ϣĺ¡
ҼһȷҲν٣ǼĶӣһֱΪΪǵ˲ǵˡ
ݳǿƣ˭ʵʵȻ£ǹȻʮš
ף㾹Ȼң
һֱʮ۰ҪʲôʲôȻִ
ҹȥҲڿ㡣
ʮĿʧ
˭ֶΣ֪ܷϵһ˵Ϊ
˰죬ǲ鲻κʱ򻹺úõģΪʲôͻȻ
ɫҶЩƣڴϿʼָ塣
ڤ˫ĿնĿ컨壬ղŷһԼΪ
˭Ҳ˵Ҷ㲻֪˵ʲôϾĲǺϤ˫ǳˡ
ȥ
ڤͻȻ˵һ䣬ķ䣬ҶϽȥ
ҶЦһ·߳䣬صԼĴϣϷŹκһλᡣ
ȻҶ洫Ŀ
̾ϢһҶر٣ᣬԼԡ
ʱ֮ɫ״ڤһ·ָǺɫףȫֱ֣治Ů
ڤӣҶҡҡͷ飬˺ܴ
顭
ҶҪڣڤͻȻ˵ˡ
׼飬㲻һ᳹ɱ㡣
ڤ֣Ҷ飬׼ᡣ
Ҷֻñ첻˵ˣȻԷԸἰҶԸȥἰ£ΪˣҪеεġ
һҶ뿪ջֱ޳ڶ콫Ӽҡ
ڤһ·ϻ٣ĬĬĸ·
ûм鷳Ҳ֪ҶסҵʱҶˡ
һȥת۹ȥ߰ˣڶ޳ҶջԽԽࡣ
ӵһӮһǧ򣬵ڰӮ˼ʮˣҶڳɱ


1836 Ҷɱ
ЩӣڤҶһҲ׬˲񾧣мǧˡ
Ϊÿ춼ݣڻ֪ʵݡ
붷޳мĿʾˣۣ߼ʣκ죬ͨʣڸԼϢ
֪˭ӮΪβѺһЩ
ڤЩ⣬Ҷ㵽ĿǰΪֹһδ䣬ҶǺܴ󣬲ȻôЩ죬ҲֹӮʮ񾧡
ڿջ棬ʳ߰ʱ䣬ڤҲƽϢշ飬񳹵׵ˡ
һǺϷʼĿǰż
ҶһЦܶǿ߻δ֣Ҷαż
Ҳף
ڤȷʵףϣҶһ¡
ܼ򵥣ÿһÿһĶʲᳬʮڣһעʮڣ϶Էע⣬ΣıسԷׯҿ϶ԤĽ
Ҷͣʵܼ򵥣ÿһֵ̿ڴŶڼʮңҶһѹʮڣĵǼ׷ӮׯһԣҲԲٿҷӮ
ԭˣ
ڤ˵ͷƺˣѹҶڵ񾧣ȴٳٲעԭڵȡ
һ죬Ҳһ죬Ҷ϶һЩһҲˡ
ʱĵĲǵͼ񾧣Ʒߣ˼
ȥʼϢҶЩӣҶûзŹһ˿һĻᣬڤֻĹĵԼڷ֮С
ûмҶôȤˣ֮⣬ƺҲûˡ
ھ٣᳡ǻ𱬣ҵԽԽ࣬ӮҲ٣עԽԽ
ͺñȹѩ򣬼һζģ񾧵׼㣬ԭɢڼϡ
ڲˣƸֻмʮӵоƸÿһעҲԭʮ򣬱˼ǧڡ
᳡ͬλã˻ˣߵˣԼλˣԻȡһЩԴ
ʱƣֵ޼ԽԽߣѾƷ̶ȣޣôײ׽Ҫѱǲס
ʼޣϡ٣Ȼץ޷ٿرׯҲôɵ顣
ܶѾǵһγˣӮ˶֮󣬼ֻ֣Ƶĳ֡
һҪʼˣҴųֵޣѾ˰Ͳסʼע
䣡
ҶͻȻվϳһ˿ŭ⡣
ôˣ
ڤʲô飬ҶôӦô󣬴ûгֹ
û£
ҶɫĿ£ĶųأѾʼ׼ˡ
ʲôޣΪûм
˿ʼֹһͷ޷ǳİѩףǺǿ󣬸Ҳߣʮ˳
զΣһѺţӮ
ֱѡţϾϣռݾԵƣ׵ޣ硣
Ҳ˲ôΪѺͷɫޣ߳ˣѡţǾ磬ͻ걬ͷɫޡ
ʶͷޣ
ڤͻȻҶʵΪҶıѾ
Ҷ˵ͷֹʶֱֵһλص磬ҶһֱûʱǰȥȻˡ
Сף𣿡
ҶʶһȥĶ޳ɫͻȻһ𣬲Ļ꺣֮УƺһӡǣסԪ
СҪʶ꺣֮еӡͻȻסԪ񣬲ɢȥκεʶ
ҶҲӦˣ¶Ũɱ֪˭СץģһŹۣҶҲὫ֮նɱ
ĿǰҪ侲С׽֮Ҷ취ܲ͸ȥС׾ȳ
˿ĻҶԥһ£ѡעȻѡСס
ֱʮڣڤһڤԼѡ϶ѡţӮüʿ϶ߡ
ԥڤһҲѺһڣеļҵˡ
ھĳԼӴ˺ܶ࣬ƲǼʮô򵥣Ҳڣǧڡ
޺ܿսһţһСײ㱻Ʒɳȥ
ٶϣСռƣϵĶܣܿţĹ
죬ɱ
˴ĺȵţϽɱСף׬ˡ
СĴܣҶɱй¶ҪȳСףһǿޣŪþͻᱻɱ
սԽԽ죬Сٶܿ˰ƣſţҧȥ
꣡
ţСҧһ⣬Ѫ죬ʮֲ̡
ԽҲ˷ܣѪ̼ÿһ˵񾭣ϣսӼҡ
ÿһ඼ˣΨҶ㣬Ŀűһʼ֪СһҪӮ
˵壬ţĺУ㷢ϵسСףҪ֮ɱ
ɱӿǧ񾧡
˷ˣǧ񾧼ȫҲˣҪˣȥֱɱˡ
ţأص͸֧ڱСץ˻ᣬֱҧĲӡ
СʤɫƤë棬մʺѪҺ
ҶĻʾԼӮ˶ʮڣҶûκ˷֮ɫ
СˣղűţҧһڣѪ
Ⱥ֮пһۣС׻صդ棬Ҳ׼һҲڳˡ
üһռ߳ɣֻһСӮ˱
ڤҶһ֮ɫӮ˶ʮڣҲƺģԭӮһʮֿģҶӣҲֻñտڲ
һܿ쿪ʼСûг֣ͷޣʵﵽƷҡ
ڳѾˣǶͽ̬ղһǧξͶǧ򣬲ҪӮظղһҪӮԴ
һҶѺʮڣʼʱ䲻ˣҶҪԴϾɷпҶҲҪΪԼһЩˡ
ܶ۸ǳİ󣬶ʮڣϰڡ
һһ˵ĳעԽԽҶϣѾﵽٶڵĳ̶ȡ
峡ܿ쿪ʼϤӰӳˣС׼޸һ˿ڣˡ
һζֺȻţ࣬ϴε֮һֹƴҶСӮ
Ȼһųɵ˶ѡСףֻһСˣǲţ϶ΪСһ䡣
˵һСӮÿԺܴׯҪ׬׬϶һЩè壬ųɵѡСӮСˣׯҽӮ
ҪСӮˣׯҹҪǰӮöҪ³
ȻץСףҵҵֵܣҾʮӶʣ
ҶͻȻҧгݵ˵ʮţȻСץˣⴥҶĵߡ
񾧣ҶȫѺ˽ȥСӮ
ڤԾˣڰֵʮƷ񾧣߼ʼġ
ٳɣڤҲѺ˺üڣСӮҶ㡣
ıܿ쿪ʼͷսһС׺ͣѹƶ֣ϵĽ
ͣɱ
ϲ۾ɺ죬ΪС׼ͣϽ֣ܶ׬һԴ
ܿתС׵師ˣַѹ˿ʼŭΪǳס
˭ҷʮţһԸһԸ


1837 
ܶΪٿصĹ켣ʮţѶ޳һƵĻᣬѹΡ
ԽԽ
СͻȻ֣һȫͬ϶˶ֽš
Ҷ㵱ȻǵԪƣסСףвޣסˡ
һС֣͸գ뵽С׵棬ԪĽͻȻʧȥ˶С׵Ŀơ
𣡡
Сһ𣬻Ϣǣ˲佫ҧһʤ
𡭡
᳡ˣһӽųɵ˶СףʮʧأǰӮöҪ³
ΪԽڣעԽԽǰЩעСȲˡ
ǰЩҶһ춼Ǽ棬춼ǼʮڣϰڵҶĲƸ˲һǧڡ
һں棬ʮŵ˶Удڶвμӡ
ȥ飬׷ʲô飡
һ˫Ŀһȥ鿴һ£ǲ޳ˡ
üڳκεĴˣʮҲⲻ
С׻صդ棬Ҷ䣬ſ˽ƣҪȵϲˣС׾ȳ
ܿ쿪ʼһλޣʵçռƣħռơ
еȫѡ˴ħܣǳǿ˷ˣӮһ֮󣬽еĶעѺȥ
Ѻç𣿡
ڤҶʵΪÿҶ㶼ǷԽ࣬Ҷ㷴ѡһνųɵѡ˴ħܣҶӦѡçŶԡ
ħܣ
Ҷ˵һǧ񾧣൱һƷ񾧣ҶҲˡ
ڤѡţҲʮڵ񾧣ħӮ
ں棬ʮſԼĻϵʾһǶЦˣֻҪһٿغˣʮŽ׬
ƸԽԽУֻôһɵѡ˳çΪʮſ϶Եһ
սܿ쿪ʼϣħ師֮󣬱çϵѹƣγһߵ̬ơ
ףף
ƣ۾磬ħܶڳçΪͻȻ
çͻȻס˴ħܣҪ
ֵˣħͻȻһУ屩ǣçֱϣڡ
ѪȾ˵棬ŨҵѪ֮֮ϣ˷ˡ
ⲻܣ
ʮŵ˷׷վŵĿųı仯Ѿǵƿء
ôӴʮҲܲǰӮ⼸Ĳˡ
ƸԽԽУӮҲӣ᳡ųɵ˶Ӯˣǳĺ
һɵӮԴͺܲˣһγ
ҪǴҶٲζģʮſ޶ûˡ
ü߳ܿ쿪ʼˣȻͷޣʵԣһδѧˣȫʵСͷޡ
Ҷĵȶһһһ߳ɵʵСͷޡ
ޣʼ໥˺ҧֵˣʵСͻȻ쭣ֱײͷӴ޸ҧˡ
ֳһƬĬڣҶˣڲٿأʮŵһֱڲٿر
һЩ˵ĲŸı˱أʮܴ졣
ǲǰȪۣ
ں棬˵һ䣬ֱۣǰȪظֻۣǲֶΡ
ܣȪ۲ܸ
˷ϣôۣΪԴʮŶԿһ֣룬ҰȪҲʮ֮ˣ˲顣
ǻ᲻ǹۣ
Ҳ˲²⣬˰Ȫ֮⣬ֻй۲ˣı
Ѿȥ۽ˣһͻϢ
½ۣλǺܸߣʮδؽҲðոʮΪС
Ϣܿ촫ѹûиԼζĵҲǺܴ󣬾͵һȤ
۾ȱԴ
ȻȱԲֵ˵顣
ʮŵĴ˳Ĭݹȫ󲿷ֶʣ٣Ψи߼ʲˡ
ǳϿ򲨶Ȼû˳֣̫ˡ
ڰ˳ʼÿҶ㶼ѡעһʮҪˣԭ޳һ׬Ǯʢᣬڱ˵⡣
ھųһֱʮʮżҧгݵķʽġ
һˣΧһʮһҡ
ʮ˵ⶼʲôκһŶó
ǻһһģǸһǾͷǳ鷳ˡ
ھ죬ҶӮǧڣ޳ҶʵģҶҪľ
Լģ϶ע⣬õİ취ǲҲ٣ûбҪ˵ע⡣
ȡԴһҶ㻻ȡƷ񾧣Я㣬Ʒ񾧣˷ġ
ϣҶʶһɨڤͻȻһ档
ڤ⣬ҶΪͻȻ
Ǳ˸ˣһֿжȻؿջҪ
Ҷ㷢ڸǣժ֣һףڤҲһһ·˾ϲˡ
ȳȥصջң
˵ĹϵѾһˣҶЩչڤϾһŮһ磬ҪС
ڤʮȻȳȥˣҶһ档
ڤ뿪Ҷһ뿪ˣģ¸Ϣ׷ٵ˺֪ܿҶϢˡ
ˣ
ӮһЩˣ׷ױʮע⣬һҪǵ
ҶһˣҡڽߣԼϢıԣղľȫ¡
ûлصջҶҪȵڣĵǱ붷޳ȡС׾ȳ
ɫ޳ָƽ¥ջ
켸ʮˣѣһҹ϶ǲ֮ҹǵƺֶ̣ǡ
ҹɫҶʧԭأһ飬֮ʩչ˼¡
޳ϣȻƻͨϸ񣬽ֹ̤롣
Ҷ㵱Ȼȥ涼Ǹ߼ѲߣԼóȻȥΪ
ħΪһųҶվߵһɽϣٿؾħȥȫһ
ʶھħ֮ϣ붷޳ڲѾ˿ʼɨսЩѪⶼһա
û˷־ħĴڣ룬˳դȥڵͨѺֻޣ⼸õġ
ҶһѰңϽҵСף֮
ͨ棬ҲӰζڼ޵壬꺣֮еӡǷι̡
رǽͻȻļֻޣչˣҲ޷ϳˡ
ˣħΪһų뵽ǽ֮Уʧ
ģǼ˹еӡǶǺúõģΪʲôЩͻȻˣʧȥ˿ơ
ֵ߹Щ⣬ΪͻȻʧȥ˿ơ
ɧˣϽһ£첻ڳˡ
һ˱Ƚ侲ڷɧҲûá
ܲ˵ǰ²ŪûҪųͷ
Ӻһȭ˹ɳȥ


1838 ƻ
ģ㣬ǽôԴ
դ棬ӳһͷ޺ݺݵĳ֣žϳ֡
һյʱ䣬֣ͣޡ
˰ʱʱ䣬޶һ飬ûʲô©뿪
汻޿ʼʵʵĴԪ޷뿪
ħٴγ֣ҶʶһɨӼɨܿ췢Сףһ䡣
ܵ䣬ϻвٵƣһʮʧء
С׻ˣɽ֮ϣҶɢһɾɱ
ʮź˲𣬾ȻŰһͷޣֱǸ
ħͻȻһڶС˽ȥҶʶһɨڴ߰ͷޡ
Сף϶ע⣬߼ͷڷŵɽ֮Уߡ
Ϊһħʧ֮УܿصҶ档
һ߰ͷ޷ɢԼصɽȥԪ֮еӡǲδ
һԾҶʧԭأյ蹦򣬻ص˿ջ
ɫҶ㻹δڤѾȵòͷˣΪҶʲôΣա
Ҷ㰲ȻĻڤͻȻվҪ˵ʲôȴҶסˡ
ҪҪʲô˵ȽϢ
ǻδ֣ҶС׻꺣֮еӡǣȻʮ˳ԼԪӡǣҵ
ڤֻĹĵĻصԼӣϷţһˡ
ҶûʱСףһ֮С
ʩչʥСָܿҶ㣬С׷ĺУ⼸Ĳá
û£һˣ
Ҷ㰲ο˵һ䣬С͸СԪУһǿӡǸ档
Ǹ߼ʵֶΣҪƵôס
ûСҶ㻹ûа취ΨСҶлˡ
̤ޣҶСԪ֮еӡʧԼڹƻػš
Сӡǰһγһʱʱ䣬СԪӡǳױĨ
ӡʧһ̣޳ڲͻȻ˷һУ˺ܶ˵ĺ䶯ʮŵ˻δ뿪ڲԭ
ͷ޵ӡʧˣ
ӡǵ˵Ȼӡһʧһ֪ˣֱդ棬ޡ
˳դʼ޵ֻ߰
ӡǻڲԶǿ׷
Ҷʱɢ׷ǰɽҶߵͷ޺ܿ챻ҵ뿪ɽãͱ˳ӡ
һ飬ͷӡǻڡ
ȱһͷӡǲˣҲںδ
һ䣬ȻһͷֻҪӡǣҵʧȥӡǣܵȥˡ
߼ʣʶԸǷԲʶһɢȥûӡǣֻҪƬɽ֮Уҵ
ʶѰ˺ü飬ûС׵Ӱӣʶˣڰи
ȫȥ飬˭ޣ뿪Ǻܾãɽ֮ûУǾݳǡ
һʱŲݿԸˣݳǿʼ顣
ӡ֮С׻ɣҲָĲˣСĵҶĻʮǡ
Сף㲻ôᱻץ
ҶСףʵ
ҸһֱΪ뿪ǰһԣʹ뿪ҳȥѰʳԭصң˭֪һȺ࣬ץ
С׼̵Ľ˵һ飬ʮŵˣ˽ɽС״˹
İɣʮһᱨҪǼסһεĽѵ
Ҫ߸ʮҶ˽ǣҶ㻹ǿԵġ
һ죬ҲһΣҶҪʮŴѪ뼸ʮ޷ָԪ
ʮʱ䣬ҶԳɳʱͿԿʮˡ
磬һҪҵᣡ
ЩһѾ˺ĸ飬СԼɽ֮Уʮֵġ
İɣһˣȥᣡ
ҶӦСףദ϶˺ܶУҲһҲԼĸ顣
ȴʱ˳ʱʮŶѰ㣬һʶ϶ҵ
ҶСȴ֮Уݳںܶ˶Ѳߣһ˷֣롣
С׺ԹԵĴ֮УҶó񾧷Сװ
ѾﵽƷС⼸翴ʮŬ
ǸҶȣС׻˺ܶࡣ
Ҷȱľ񾧣С׿ٳɳ
Ŷѻɽ񾧣СֱӱĽȥֿʼ˯ȥˡ
뿪࣬Ҷص˷֮Уڤڷ
ˡ
Ҷ˷š
˯ˣ˵
ڤĹĵ˵һ䣬ܿڴ˯ˣҶֱӸӣ
ЦһصԼĴϣҶĿȻ̼һʮŵ˷롣
һҹʱ䣬ݳǶǲߣ˶ӮԴȻġ
ɫ𽥷ʮŵȫȥһҹ飬ûҵκε˿пջ깽䶼ˣûжʧͷټ
ʮڶҶʮҪҶҪһʧ
ڤȻǺɫ·ȫ˷֡
ҾͲȥˣһȥ֮ͨͨѶ㷢Ϣʲôʲô
Ҷһ첻ȥһ죬ʮŵˣԼʮŵˣ϶޷ʩչС
㲻ȥ
Ҷ㲻ȥڤһɻ֮ɫ첻˵һǹؼ
һҪȥ֮󣬲ҪһԴʱȫƷ񾧡
Ҷ˵ͷЩûڤȥ˵
Ȼ֪ҶҪʲôڤǴӦˣߵϣҶ㽫ľƬ˵˳ȥһ죬ڷλá
رܶ˶ӮˣǷϣĿһʢᡣ
һҷҶľƬһСˡ
ҵһʵλãҶȺ֮У˺ܶ࣬ʮȻѲߣҲֲҶ㡣
ڤѾλﴧͨѶҶܿ촫˹ҪżעҪԼ֪ͨ
Ҷ㶢ŴĻ޳ˣͻȻͨضĵطʼע
ҶֻŶȣһյӣСƣҶ컯ױһ󺺵ģ
˿ʼעÿһٳƽֵһ߳ɵѡֻɵѡ˳Ы
ҶڤעǧҶĿģʮŴѪ
߱ʮӮɣҲ߳ɣʮŻʧء
ûԥڤʼעһǧʮڣԼ˶ʮڡ
һ죬ǳӴ󣬶ڣǧû˶ˡ
޺ܿһ᳡ͻȻ˿ʼźҲ⣬һ˸߹һˡ


1839 編
սĴ죬Ҷϣغ֮ܿ첻֧ҪЫ
ҶֱͻȻһһһεĲһʧ᳡롣
ʱ䣬ͻȻʱ䣬ͽЫҧ
ͻȻֵı仯þںʮסˣһͳ⣬׷ʲô顣
᳡и߼ѲߣһǷ򲨶ܸ֪õǻ᳡û˶֡
ˣһЩѲߵĸ߼ʣ׷ҡͷ
ǵķʽ飬ǳ©Ϊ޵ӡͻȻʧȥãû
ۻаȪҲ鲻ԣκţǳ˲¹ͷôõƻᣬȻװ״
ڿʮڷ
˸޷᳡棬᳡һεĽƸסˣҶʶ͸ͻᱻ˷
ֻйۣͻȻ¶һ˿׹⣬뵽ʲô飬ƻɡ
֣ǲǷʲô
Ȫ۸оϢһ󲨶ʵ
С˶С
磬ֻлȪۣǻȪʧѾã˭ֻᶮǧ֮׵ĵ
Ҳ뵽ˣֻǲʲôʱֶСˡ
ȪҲ⣬ֵʧ˼ˣܲΪͻȻð˳
Ҳֻǲ²⣬һעһ£ܷܲһЩߣ
ֻǲ²⣬ղſе㵭Ĳʸֲˣǹ۸оЩϤ
Ȫ֪ͨʮţڸԤıƻӼѡ
Ȫ۴Ϣʮŵر磬ǵһţ˭ҿ⡣
С
һվӣضȲʧѾõȻˡ
ȥ飬ÿһ˶Ҫϸؽҳ
һȥˣҪÿһ˵ǵı
δֹԽԽ˷ܣעҲ𽥼Ӵ
ܿ쵽˵Ҷʩչһڱץһ˿
ڻ᳡洫ģ
ͻȻȪ˵뿪׼᳡鿴
Ҷ㣬᳡ʼÿ˶Ҫ鱳Ҹô죡
ڤѾҶӮһǧƷˣ൱һǧڡ
˳
Ҷ㼸ĿѾӮ˺ܶ࣬˳ˣҶҲо˹۵Ϣڳ߸
ȺУҶܿʧ۸Ȫͬʱ֣ʶɨÿһˣϣҵ˭С
ڤѾʳԼ߹뿪᳡Դһ֮ڤ첽뿪
˶ʲô飬ΪʲôʮŵҪͻȻǵҪ顣
ȲҪؿջҵ˶ĵطǵã
ҶڤҪֱӻؿջͻȻ뿪϶ġ
ֱȺȥڤͻȻͷһϢһ˹ȥ
ֵˣǷһֱײ˾Ϳ
϶ʱһţӴܣ˭Ҳʲô顣
ҶŻңϢ뿪ڤҲһһ֮󣬾ʧӰ١
ϢޱȻңģʧȥ˶ҶĸӦ
϶ڹٿأ
ͻȻ֣Ⱥͳ˶ңû˲ٿأܡ
˺ýƻȻȺƣ˲ѣ
ȪҲüԲһڲ
˭Ҫζ޳᣿
һۣ㲻ףǹȻʮţ磬˭ôĵӡ
ת˼ȦڤصסӮ޷š
Ҷ㲢δȥ峡Ҫʮļʮ궼޷
ͻȻ֣Ҷ㣬һһҶͷˡ
ŵĽУҶˣԽԽǹѩһνӽųɵѺͬһֻޡ
ղΪ۳֣ҶûʩչСʮŰһ֣ղһֲٿسɹ
ڱһ̣СֳˣʮһղӮһܶ࣬ΪһӴ
ⲻܣǹһƷ޸Ʒ޳֣Ϊ˾ôҶΪƷޱӮô
һһӣè̫ˡ
Ȼɳܶ޳˶ѡƷӮ
ƷڹؼʱͻȻܶˣƷҧˡ
˿ʼʮ̫ˣ׷һ죬˭Ҳûôԡ
ֵ֣ΪԼɵʱƷͻȻվһڽƷ޳ԵĽֲŶԡ
᳡ˣںȴһŭһʮţ̫ˡ
ײû˭ڸ
۶ˣûв鵽ףֱ̫ˡ
˲䳯˹ȥղŵĻߡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҲһϢղŵСһʧˡ
棬ϢҲʧˣҶսħ֮УԼࡣ
ȵ뿪ҶͻȻһͷ֣ϢҲˣҶģ¸ΪӵоԪء
ĵһָıˣһСꡣ
߳ʼ۾Ȼûн᳡ʶɢһ֣ܵһʱ˹ȥ
ǰ棬ϱߣҶٶȷǳ֮죬Сȥһ̣ʧˣ֮С
ص˾ħһա
߳ʮųסˣʮţһμһ𣬹Ҫס
ԽԽ񣬲ϵۻӮһˡ
Ҷ㲻Ӯһ׶࣬ҶѾ㣬ЩԴԼӻһʱ䡣
Ȼ
ҶͻȻץһͼʣȻ֮ڤľƬ᳡ߡ
ȻˣҶ󼸳ںݺݵһʡ
ӽ᳡֮ڵڰ˳Ѻһ׵񾧣ǳĿɲ
ʮҪˣһβûӮԴҵ
Ҷ׽ԲأǸ߼ۣҶκβˣϧ۲½ãҶоħֻܲ׽ҶϢץˡ

۷ŭˣֱʩչֶΣƬȫκ˶޷ˣֻվԭء
ҶΪˣһԼߣ϶¶š
Ǻܿ죬Ҷ¶һĻߣָһ㣬Ǽ˳˳ȥǶҶȻˡ
ǳȥһ˲䣬С뵽޾֮С

Ѿ޷ݴ˿̵ķŭۣȻˣת
ڰ˳ҶӮһף൱һǧƷ񾧡
ھųҶ編ƣһף᳡ֻҶĶעˡ
ԶѾи߼ʹ鿴ҶȻӡ
һĵӣҲǰμӶ޴ᣬݺף˼Ըģ˭ҲȨ档
ʮ˵䲻ˣһ˵ȥĿʮţΪõЦ
ʮţʮ۷壬Ȼ䲻ԴĿڲǲ¡


1840 
ϾһҶעһڲܰؾƣʮţӶʣ
Ҳˣӿ죬ųɾŵ˶ӮԴǰ
ҪҵҶ㣬ϼѣˣǹ۷򣬽̤롣
ǹ۲ңﲻ֣ܶص۶˵׼ҪҵҶ㣬ɴһ
һ⣬һƷޣһƷޣֻҪ˶Ʒޣʵ⣬ɵӣŻȥƷӮ
ʮҴҵߣһ޾Ϳ缶սʤѵһ·
ⳡƷӮ
ҶȻڶ޳ڲغӮһˣ˷׷Ч¡
ȫóеĳ룬һȫѺ
һһʱ᳡ȫͬһޣҲͨͨѶϵˣʼע
ֳˣѾݣЩ񾧶ѻۻһǧɸߵľ޷塣
ʮŵˣһɫ࣬һѺʲôǶаŤתս֣ѺСǾôӮѺǾô䡣
һ˶óıǮһӮȻʮţӮˣʮŽᵹһꡣ
ܿ쿪ʼʮŵѾɳ񣬽ܣ鿴˭ڸĹ
һι۸Ȫһ𣬷ֻҪҶʩչСܲ׽
ߣΪ۾ҵ𣿡
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦԪͻȻϣΪһ⣬һͼʵ档
ھħ֮УͻȻС֣ۣһʱ䲶׽ˡ
ȵʵһ̣ҶԪص˾ħ֮УϢĽ֮Уһǳ׵ʧ
ͼʣѻ꣬Ǻջ
ʮսˣ⣬ƷӮˣ޵ԪƱ˽⿪һ
᳡ͻȻڣֵϵףһ˶׬ˣׯҡ
ʮŵĴǷϵϣ˭ϵĽ֡
ҶȻĵͼʺܿһԴ뿪᳡ⲻ֪źܶˡ
ף൱ǧƷ񾧣ۼ۲
ҲżʴҡڵĽһ¥ʼĳԶһ񣬳׸ӵˡ
ֹʮŵˣҲвˣ᳡û˱Ӯø࣬Ҳ߼ʣӮһң󲿷ֶǼǧ򣬼
֮ӽһӵͰ棬뿪¥ָֻȥ
棬һָδͰһڵĶڳˣָ˽ȥ
һڵĳʧԭأһεС֮УҶһ߳ڵ뵽֮УӮĶǧƷ񾧡
ʮţʮ񾧣ǴǳĴ󣬹δ꣬ʮŶΪ񾧷ˡ
Ǹʲô
ҶȻʸ׼뿪ݳǣͱס˽Ųһ١
񾧣㲻
ʮŵ˳ˣȻ棬Ǵ֪͸ոգѾв˲ɱϵ񾧶ߡ
ǳӴúܶ˶ʮŲǰڶԷʵǿ޿κΡ
Ҫ񾧣ǻûʸ񣡡
¶ЦͻȻʼ
ɱ
һ߼ʳˣһУնɱӣʼɨս
֣ûһöɾ
˼˺ü飬ֵˣӮȥˣƾʧһ
ⲻܣֵڣһֱţû뿪ǵߣܽԴתƳȥ
뿪᳡ʼһֱ˸٣ǰҲһʱûиκ˽Ӵô񾧶ʧˡ
ȷѪ꣬ҶĵĻص˿ջڤѾȫء
Ҷ㣬ڤ֪ΪΣ̤ʵ˲١
Ҫȥ
Ҷֻ˵һ仰ͻصԼλã
ڤصԼ棬ҲĿȥˡ
һҹעƽɱ¾Ǹ߼ʣһЩͼʶ˵ˡ
һʱݳǻָƽѾΪʷֻǵļ䵱С
Ƿпӣܶ׬ȡԴ׼ȥУѹΡ
лֻ֣ҪǮʮó쵤ҩ
꣬ʮſ϶óѹ׵ĶһβͬˣʮҵҪ׬ȡ񾧡
ͨҩԴһõ;޳ʧһ
ܶһЩᣬֻҪԴǵıҶӼǧ񾧣۷ˡ
趨ڽ⣬֣̯λкõԴҲ̯λƷ
뷷ȥ򣬻ֿܣҶ϶ǰߣڼȱԴ
õİ취ĵҩãȡƷʡ
һ·ҶϸһѾע⵽Լǧ¶š
γȥҶ㲻Լ֣ݳʮֻң򵽱Ҳһ뿪
õİ취ǶȻһЩˣǹͨħתԴĵ˻
ڤǺ֣Լȫӷ߳
ǷֿжɣҪһ̫ˣ
Ҷ㽨ֿжʮˣ϶ᱻһЩ˷֣Ҷǳ
ģҲߣ
ڤҪ˵Ҷֱֹߣġ
˵ͷڤͬҶ㣬жһǰһ뿪ջֱС
ϿʼʮԼһЩСţ׼ˣóһЩҪԴȥ׬ȡԴ
ҲвɢޣҲвٺöȱ񾧣óۣȡ衣
һʱ֮ҶڷڣȺȻҶ׼ﻹǷһ
ֵҶһ䲻꣬ѹҪʮʱ䣬㲻ܹüʱ䡣
Ҷ߿ʼ䣬ѰƱĲϣѰΪĶ
ȺУҪһ̯λѰң˵ʮ죬Ҷһ¶䲻꣬ƹһ룬оͽˣΨһİ취ƾŸо
ۣ֮ҶɨһȦ˶͸һ̯λҶǰάͼһ
֮۵ԽԽǿ͸ۣ֮ҲܸӦλá
һ̯λɨҶ㲻ϵҡͷ󲿷ֶܶණ´ĥˣǺŪˣƭһһ
ʮ̯λʱҶͣס˽Ųʮţ۵ÿһֵǡ
еҩ˷Ʒ£һȼǧ񾧣۸ߵס
߼Դǲȱֵҩͳˡ
ͼʣֻ̾óʮöһȥڵ񾧣ֲһ¶޳ʧ
ζ޳ʢᣬʮʧ˽ӽʮףһһڣҶӮ׵񾧣Ҷ˵ֻǾţһë
ʮöҩտžȥöˣ߼ʲҪһЩ弱ֵҩȥԼú̷硣


1841 Ʒ
ŻöҶһȫһһƷ񾧣ӵ׵Ҷ˵ֻǾţһë
ΪҶڻ۵̫࣬һöҩһܰ磬öҩ׵ܽҶƷʵĳ̶ȡ
óһ񾧣֮Ҷҩûֱͣ뿪ע⡣
һ·һ·䣬ҶѾ˺üڵˣ˴ϣƼƷĶ
ЩҪҶԼȥѰңĽ׾ͰҶˣʲô󣬼ѡõ
üͻȻһһϤϢҶĻ꺣С
ױ
Ҷһ֮۸ӦױѰϢױķȥ
ʮҶѾõ˾ŸױͲױûõ
Ѿ߸ˣȱʱ֪ںδлᣬҶѰǧ磬ʮ
˳ָ֮ϢҶܿ쿴һ۵̯λʮŰ裬һͨ꺺ӡ
ɨ̯λ࣬ӰҲͼʮ۸ȴߵףһ۵Сʯͷ񾧡
ưܵҪûʲô
Ҷɨһ֮һöֵĴ棬ʮֹŹ֣淺ڵİ߰⣬ȫۡ
Ҷ㣬棬ɢױ
пˣ꺺վӣϵ֪ΪһЩڳġ
öܱܲһЩ
Ҷûֱļ۸֮Уļ۸Ǻܵ͵ˣϾۣӵۣ֮ƽһ
ҪҪҿԸһЩ񾧣
ֱӽ˶⽵۵ٶȣҶ㶼˿һۡ
ʮ򣡡
Ҷһڿȥüö涥ͼ¼һЩȱ似ͷҲϹʱģ޷ָһ
֮򣬾ߣȤġ
ʮ򣬲ˣ
ҶһмңϰҲ˼Ӽۣÿ̯λѺܹҪȥҪ⡣
ʮЩҪڴһ
Ҷͬʮļ۸񣬵Ҫ
һɣ
ֳһ߶ǹģһ߶Ǳ˵ģڱһߣʮ
ҾѴӰɣüЩҪ
Ҷӣһ𶪽ָȥ
óʮ񾧣˫ǽϣʼգҶһֱֵȻЦݣδ¶һ˿ȵı顣
һй¶Է϶᲻ϵļӼۣȻЩԩͷҶΪֵˡ
һöױŵ磬ǲԴܺ˵ʮһԩͷ
ǶҶ˵ʮһױǾǼĺô
֮ɨһȦûֵùĶҶȥһûжٺõĻһ죬ʮŹƻóۡ
Ҷ׼ǸʱڹȻȥöҩڿױ˭ϣܰԼ硣
öҩҶƷʣڽױͻƵƷʣֻҪƷҶԺĵ·ͼ򵥶ˡ
õ䣬Ҷһαڣ߼ʡ
صջڤûлҶһֽϣ֮С
ʱ䷨һ죬꣬Ҷʱ䣬ͻƾ硣
ԽڣÿһƷ׸Ǽѣ磬˶תʱ䣬ҪܿԽһ硣
۾磬ܲһΣ⻹Ťתʱ䷨ȻҪʱ䡣
öҩóҶһ̷һö񱩵ըͬˮһ㣬ĳҶ㾳磬̶һʱ䣬ҶһƷ۷塣
̣
һΣҶﵽ˶ƷʣⵤҩЧĲҶѾ˼кܴĹϵԭͿһƷ۷塣
̷ȹ̾磬óʮƷ񾧣Ҷ㿪ʼա
Ũҵ񾧷澡ĳɲһδҶ

ҶҪƷ񾧵ķдȣǵͼǧѹһöƷ񾧣ܻǧöƷѹͲһϡ
Ʒ񾧣ƷֻΣҶʮڴ
ĥ磬Ҷȥڤϵֽ¶һ˿֮ɫصԼķ䡣
ҶȻ֮ڻڤʮȻ֪Ҷȥȥˡ
ʱһȥҶȫŵԼ磬貵Ĺâöճһ𣬰Ҷȹ̾硣
лڼÿ춼дӿֱÿĳɽﵽ˼ʮڣϰڡ
ݳѰ˺üˣСȫʧˣƤ³ʧӵʮ֮Ҳûг֡
һ죬֮йȥһٶ꣬ҶϵϢԽԽȣƷȶ
ÿһ磬ûмĥ޷ﵽԲҶոһյڼٵļ١
ǧƷ񾧣ѾĵһöҪ˵ȥ϶Żˡ
ҪҶ磬û䣬ĺѣҶÿһͨҶһδϴˢꡣ
˫һ˵ĺâˣҶȹ̾磬׼ͻƷʡ
öҩҶûһ̷ȥ̷һö񱩵ɨ
ϧһöҩδܽҶͻƵƷʣǰҶü
ѾﵽƷʳ̶ȣǳĿֲһȭܽƷʴ򱬡
һö̷ȥǿֻ֣Ҫ粻Ҷһöһöһöҩ̷ȥʱ򣬾ɶˡ
ŭͬһѵ֮ϣһ۳֣Ҷ壬֮Σ
ƷʣһƷһ죬Ҷöҩ磬ֱǲ˼顣
ˣһöҩܸ㶨Ҷ㻨˱˵ı
һ֣Ҷ㿪ʼȡ֮еķ񾧵֮£Ԫʼ塣
񾧣֪ҪҶյЩǿٱ֮У·ÿһ·һش
ֵ⣬ǧһ̵õ֮֮壬ȵȣٵ
ҶָӦȻƷʣһ֮ܽܣƾЩ⣬Ժ졣
֮һȱӰõ˽֮ɢһµ
ͫ𣡡
Ҷ꺣֮УͻȻðһ֣ü֮УһĻ棬ǰĿռ䶼ȼˡ
ǿ
ҶˣֻҪҪǿ
ȻҶ㻹δʶ𣬱ϾһЩżϿһ棬ǧ磬˼ʶ
֮һ֮ϣܷ磬档
Ҷ㲻վѣкԶһξ룬ҲԷƷˡ
һѣϮʩչһ𣬼ҶԪ񣬷ǳĿɲ
ܺãɱԽԽˣ
ҶЦЦΪģ򾳽磬ȹ


1842 
֮۾ѵأİԽԽ֮࣬Ҳܿ͸ҲΪһֹ
ϥ£ʼ޸꣬˿棬ҲһţдЧӦ˺ܶ׼֮ˡ
ӶѾ˼ҳ㷹ʵµߣȻ򵽱Ҳ޸ܡ
ȥˣҶȹʱ䣬׽Ʒȹ򣬴Բ׶Σ֤ҶƷѾȹ

Ҷָһ㣬Զһɽ֮ߣ׶ڲϵѾĶ
ǿ
Ҷ㱻ԼֶһȻǿ˳̶ȣҶĹ㡣
дӡ
ٴʩչһö޴ӡ֣ס˰գգֶ£ͻȻȥһ׵ĺڶ
ܺãʵƷˣ
Ҷʮ˷ܣֵַʩչСѾԲ׶ΣһǾǴ
Ҷһ𣬷ǳĿɲÿһͷóȥƳɾ
ÿһξѪŽɫѪ֮͡
ϢҶóöص׼У
ҶڿƷʣһƷһ仯ƷӦ
ʶһ͸ȥܿ췢Ҷ²ûȷһöױ
֮һǿ֣ҶԪһƬµأ춼磬׵磬׵ġ
׵֮γɣݱ˹
粻ͬʱҪ֮ҲݱһЧӦ
ҶʱˣԼ
Ҷ֮׵һۣһģ
ݼ񣡡
Ҷʮֹǿȣ׵
׵֮ǿȾϣ׵絮
Ҷ²⣬һŮԣҶ֮¶һ˿Ц⡣
̫ˣӦҰݼŶԣ
񷴹ҶȻҶ㿴ʵСĿϹʱ۷廹ʮǧѪһ죬Ϲʱڵ۷壬硣
ҶҲ˵ѾϰǣʮҶѾʮˣʮȫ
ˣҸоŹϢѾ˺ܶԸҲȫ㣬磬ҵ񡣡
һץҶͻȻƯ޾׵֮Ҷ棬ʼˢ塣
Ҷʧȥ˷֮׵֮ͻȻ˹ǣǰֻ֮ڶ֮
һһ齨׵硣
ǿȣϣҶγһ޴Уܵ׵硣
һ̣ҶĴͻȻ˱죬ǵĴ˺ܶ仯׵罻һǿŭƻ
𡭡
˻һ磬Ҷ㷢һУ·ҪűˣǿҶǿпٳһռ䡣
ռγɵһ̣򶼱˽ȥһƷ񾧳֣ڶɵһɶ
ˬ̫ˬˣ
ʾԿٿռ䣬۾Լ濪ٿռ䣬һ壬൱ǧ磬ͬ嫵档
ȲҶ㾳磬ҲҶ忪ٳܶС磬߸Ƕ֪
ϹʱڣУǵʵԽ죬Խ۵Ĵڡ
ʱһȥҶڵϣҪˣֱڲֻҪȼըһ
л񣡡
Ҷ㹧Ҷ㲻ôʹﵽƷʣҪȵˡ
ҵޣܰҲֻôˣϣճɳϹŻԻ͡
ԽԽܿһӰʧ
˷ģѾҵ߸ˣò˶ãʮ񽫻أ
ӡǻδȫɢҶĻ¶ο֮ɫʧؼ䡣
ź޾Ŀռ䣬֮Ҷ㽫ںϣñ׵硣
ص֮УѾȥʱˣҶȹٶ꣬һƷʣƷʡ
óȥˣ
굯ָһӼ䣬ǳڱչأһ˻һռ䣬˶ᱻƷġ
ڿջ֮УڤڣɫѾ˵ڤѾˡ
򿪷ţҶ˳ȥѵڤ©ݲɣ
һ©ڤݣǳ϶⵽ܶ˵Χ
뿪ջҶڴϣˣȥѰڤ
崩ڽֵϣȻڤҪɱԼȴҲо֮Ҷ㲻¡
һС֮Уһµڤס˽ŲڷУһöĵҩͱ˶ˣһֱ׷
С椣ԹԵĽҩǼһ
ʣһ˴ﵽƷƷڤԽսƷʣкܴĲࡣ
Ǻ޳ܣҩһǮģ
öҩڤǧ񾧣Ʒ£һƷʣǰڹһЩҩͻƷʣⲻ
੡ǵȻ֪ҩ㻨Ǯģڵҩǵˡ
ǧ񾧣ǳһʲƵˣ˵ע⣬Ҳ
Ҷ㵱򵽵ҩҲǴҴ뿪ȻҲᱻ˶ϣϵһ죬˲Ǻܶ࣬Բûбע⡣
ڲͬˣһЩ׼֮ûԴˮ㣬Щʵµ֡
ڤ˪彣ܽҩ˹ƶԼ뿪
磬ϻˣһƷʣҽ£
ҲɫۣɫۣмӴһɫӦֵܣʮơ
ɫ۵Ӵһץڤϵץȥʮֺ棬жϣڤӦòͷˡ
ˢ
һɨӱ˻ȥڤʮ
С椹
һܣռ䶼һ󲨶׵ĶܹȥϾ߳ڤ硣
г趯ƵûһˣڤսƷʵȻҲҶսһƽ֡
磬С椲򵥣ССһƷʣȻǱ
ɫ۵¶֮ɫԽһȼͷǳ˲ˣڤȻ
ҲϣҵҪֶ֧ã
һ֣϶Ҳȥսپ˷ҪǱ˷֣ҩ϶ᱻߡ
һ˼룬ڤʱʩչ˻޷⣬ܿͱƵǽǴ
Żˣڤ¶һ˿ɱ΢΢׼ʩչڤĹ
һʩչͻй¶ݣûк˵ˣ˼лֻܱʩչ
ϣҶʮֽѾ֣ûڤϢѵĳ˲⡣
ۣ֮򿪣
Ҷɵһ棬ۣ֮ɨݳǣǷݻ壬͸
һĽҶͻȻ¶޾ɱȻʧԭء


1843 ϲ
ۣ֮ͨݳһάͼеľ󶼳Ҷǰ
ǣһԲΣҶһ㣬ԲβϵĹܿҵڤںδ
֮ʩչ˼£Ҷ㼸һʱ䣬ͳεСϿա
ӲƣڤΣڵϦѾһʩչڤĹ似϶ᱻǿ߸Ӧ

ҶͻȻһö˻δ֣ͻȻڤǰסС֣Ҫʩչڤ幦
Ѿй֮ףϴڤǱģһαҶסС֣ͻȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ûˣҾˣ
Ҷʮ͵˵ķڤС֣ǰˡ
Сӣ˭
ղŵٶȣԽƷʣɫ۵¶һ˿֮ɫ˭ܽٶʩչ̶ֳȡ
˭Ҫ𣿡ҶһЦ
ǸҶҵѳ֣׼ɣ
Ҷ㲻κεĻᣬͻƵƷʣʵ˷츲صı仯һ֣һ޴֣ɫ۸ɫ۵ԭء
ѣѲ˴ԽԽС˼壬һҽС
磬ң
¶֮ɫҲرϢĸоҪˡ
Сӣס֣
ɫһ䣬һƳҶѹƷʣ죬ڤɫ΢䣬Ҷֵס
Ҫס֣㻹ûʸССƷʣͳ٣Ϊ
Ҷ㲻κεĻᣬָһ㣬һ׵ˣں˵֮γµ׵磬ϣ
ģ
׵ֱӰɳȥðһ̣һˣﻹðŰ۾֮⣬һ͸ĵطˡ
áǿ
˵֮һѷĩʧһöָ֮⣬ͷҲˡ
ڤСͻȻסԼС죬ЩţƷʣҶһɱֱӱ
ˣʣˣ¶֮ɫһ㱻սܶطѾ͹˳

ѹĸоʮֲܣѪһըڲѹʹ࣬һܳܡ
ߣ
ҶûڤȥСʧԭأ峹ը
صջڤû˵ժ֣һ˿ŭҶ㣬ʧʱ䣬ôᱻ˶ϡ
ʱ䣬ôͻƵƷʣ
ڤ⣬Ҷôģ̶ʱ䣬ȻţҲ޷
˵
Ȼͻһؾ磬ûмʮĥƣҶ̶ʱˣȻè档
򵽲ٵҩҪͻƾ磬ҲҪʱͻƵƷʣҪ취
ڤҶ׳һ⣬Ҫʱ֮ڣͻƵƷʣȻԶᱻҶ˦ˡ
ҪҲӦأ
ҶЦеĻشԼӵ飬Ȼ׵й¶ڤ࣬ڤ塣
ҪǲӦҾС
ڤͻȻӣȻҶĺӣһѾһʱ䣬Ȼ˷Ӧ
˵ʲô
ҶһһϴΪ˾ڤ˷˹ϵȻһξС
ԼĶӣڤ¶һ˿簮֮ɫĸ׵ĸо
ϽңʱͻƷʣȻҾͲ
ڤϣȨС
ҪʲôҶӦ㣡
ҶôԼĺӻûزۣһ飬ڤҪʲôӦ
Ҷ㻻һ飬ڤһóѵӣ¶ϵС֡
һĿռ䣬Ťתʱ䣬ҪڿԽȥ
ҶһǻЦ⣬Ҫˣ˭ﶼġ
СʱסˣԺܼܲȡĳ˵ı֡
ڤ˼ȰȫˣҶ㽫һС
ȿȡ
ҶһͷߣȻвˣûκεİ취ǲ˼Լӵ
Ƚ࣬Ҿˣ
Ҷֻü࣬ڤȥʱ˼ޣóʮƷ񾧳
ҶΪԼһУڤ¶Цݣ΢΢һЦǣһЦҶ㶼Щˡ
ڤϢ־գϧȱһЩѪɫҪкܴĹϵ
ϣһֱôȥȻ֪
ڤ߽棬ʱ䷨Ȼ治һһ죬һٶ꣬ѹҶʱ䣬ͻĸ磬ԭѾ˿ʱˡ
ŻЦݣڤ棬ܿʧ
ҶһڿջУ˴֣ҪˣҶЩ
Ҫˣ֪Լڤͨ飬кӣ»Ҫ鷳
Ҷ¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫԼǿߣȻû˻档
ĿɫһǰУ׼ϣȱټϡ
Ϣ䣬Ҷ㻻һµģһλһֵʮŴ̨ܶӣΧʮǰࡣ
һƣһۣ
޼ɾȻóۣһЩƾɵҲûãóۣ׬ȡԴ
ҶɨһۣһЩͼɱ¾֮磬ȥҲÿһ۶ߵס
ֱ뿪޼óЩ֮һЩдƷֻƭƭЩ߼ˡ
ҩĵҩǽҵĵҩǺպ
ÿ·һطڸߺʮ֮һһóƵҩ
Ҷɨһۣҩ㲻ϧԼõļ٣ܿһֵҩʺʹã԰硣
ָ߼ҩóҸ߼ÿһνҪֻ̣۲Ƴ
޵ÿöһǧ񾧣Ʒ£һȼ
пˣҺܿк޷õĵҩǺܺϾ˶ޡ
̫ˣһö򣬸
ҶöС׻ã硣
ڱˣÿһöҩǧ֤Ҫطǿü
ļ۸Ҷѹһ룬ýҵʮΪѡ
öҩɱʮң֮˵ķãᳬ۸񡣡
Ҷ㻹ԩͷѾˣҪԼڲȱԴҲṺ
˽ϵ׶˵ҵЩ˼ζ޳̫࣬Ҳ̧ôߵļ۸
ðɣһö򣡡
һϵʾ֮£ͬҶö
ӹƿҶȥûڶһ̯λɨȥöǲ٣󲿷ֶǵͼʹá
¸ᴿɽʥˮÿһζֵǣŮ̷գ̷׳
¸Ҳʮ֮һȻóɽʥˮֶˣȻв˴ǰȥ


1844 ܹ
ɽʥˮ¥ʥˮʮǧȫһΣȻҲó
һǰ·ɽׯɻʥ·µʱҶͣס˽Ų
һڣ󲿷߶ǷݱĹǷǱߵĹһ֧
ǳֵĶʮ֣ǵҩҲǱǲϣõֶܹȲƵҩҲƱһֹЧʤκεı
ǾǴԪ˵ͨطҶ˴
ҲǿҲһЩԪ񣬱Ҷ鱦ȵȡ
ܹҪ֮׳Ԫÿһöʮ
һǹӦǰųĶ飬ܶ˶ڹܹ
һöһ񾧣Ǻܹ󣬿ϧһöֻ΢΢Ԫ֮ҪöԪ׳üȦ
Ҷ뵽ԼԪʩչһ𣬾ͻᱻɣܹͿ׳Ԫ˽֣벻Ԫݽˡ
Ŷ飬ҶһЩȥ֮ҲҪܹ޸
ԼĪһյʱ䣬ֵܿҶ㣬һӵܹĲˣҪЩҩɹۺܶࡣ
һǧö
Ҷһ־һǧöһöһһǧöʮڣҶ˵ëëꡣ
ǧƷ񾧣൱ףҲ񾧣һڣҲֻ֮һѡ
ֹҶԼҪҶѣҪֶ׳ԪѵһκûᣬԶɹһЩ
ôֱʣ
ղǰֻһһöѾúܶ˾ˣҶһ־һǧöòͣס˽Ųפ
һǧöӺܿˣʣ޼
µ˿һҶ㣬û˵Ŀľ׬ȡ񾧣ͲøϽźá
ܹҶ뿪˿֪ͻȻżˣĵĸȥһǧöܹ˻˼
Ҷ¶һߣҲ⣬ǰߣȵʱͻȻͣס˽Ų
Ҷ㲢İĦ޴۴ţҶԺ֮УܶϢĦ޴ġ
ħսĦ޴ΨһӶɽ֣ħȽĦ޴նɱ
μ䣬һֱҶԺ֮УʮȻǶѾȥˣѵ۷塣
ҶҪĦ޴۱𣬼ܣܴﵽ۷ۣлᡣ
ĵֵ̣һңֵʮŶ˺̯ܶλÿ춼дԴȥ
ʵﶼףʮſóԴıǲֵģ
һȿֺ󣬱ϾֻһСǿߣһС֮һоųɾŵ˶ǵͼߡ
ǼȵҪԴռųңǷǳõԴǵı
Ҷ㻹δһ˵ĺâͻȻϣҶŵһϤϢ
Ŀԣ߰ˣٴμ档
ҶݹԷȻûϳϤϢע⡣
𾪵ĪҶ㣬ڷ磬һֱ⵽һ׷ɱڹؼʱ̣ԼһǸ˾Ϲѩ
ֳˣɽݵƽ֮磬ҶȻˡ
Ҷ֮УϹѩѾжϳֻ֮һ˿棬û뵽ʱ߰꣬ٴμˡ
Ϲѩûв𴩣ʦѾˣڷ޷ɱڳˣԺ˭֪
㿴ʲôˡ
ϹѩĻѯҶ㣬Ҫʲô
㿴
ҶûԭϹѩҲ𴩣Ŀš
ϰڷһѶʯȵȣִƿһԱ̯ܶණ޷о͸ó
ƫƫӰ˵Ķܶǰ޴̯λưڷһң϶մˡ
Ŀ⣬ԵõĶҶϢۣ֮ʼӦ
ܿһƲϢˣһöӵͷų
ö򼸺ĺѲ¼ʲôˣֻʣ¼Ƭ棬طֶˣĥʮֹ⻬Щ棬ۡ
ʮ񾧣ǺֻܹԷУӵϣƶû˼
ҶҪһֻ˳Ҳ˾Ȼͬһʱ䣬ͬĶ
Ҷ̧ͷһİף˳ʮ䣬ɢһɼ֮
˼öȿеģ
Ҷ㵭˵Լ򣬿Ҫʱ򣬶Էȥá
öңҿԸʮ񾧣֣
һ߸ϵӣҶʮ񾧣
˼Ҳȱʲô񾧣ֻҪö򣡡
ҶֱͻȻʧȥ˶ĿƣҶֱӶָóʮ񾧣Ϲѩ
Сӣ乫ӿõĶȻҲ
乫Ӻ߹һСָ꣬Ҷ㣬Ȼ乫ӵĶ
ⲻȵȵãؼڶ飡
Ҷĵ˵һ䣬ʲô乫ӣԼõĶô׵ó
СӣǼ֪ʲô𡣡
С꿴ҶһĵĿԱţȻǼˣƺλ͡
Ҷüͷһ壬û뵽ԷʮŵˣҲѰұ
ǼͳеǲЩ̫Դˣ
Ҷûǣ뿪ȫ乫Ӹˡ
ʼգϹѩû˵ЦŨˣҶԸ񣬲ܴӷ磬ǵ磬Զı䲻ˡ
ֹ°Ը˭Ҳģ²ˣΪԷǿߣ¶Э֮ɫҶԸķ޷ģ¡
ҶıӰ乫֮Уɱ˵Ŀ⡣
ӣСආҾˣ
Ҷ㿴һƷʣߵСܿ׷ȥҪҶˡ
ûȥҶҲ˲ٶȻȥܹԪƷʡ
뿪вã͸źüˣһȻǹܹʱ򣬱˶ˡ
ڶ乫ӵˣż׷
ҶЦһûͣı˷򣬾Ȼݳȥûн֮С
Ҷ뿪˺ܿȥյ蹦򣬾ͽɽ֮С
ҶԽԽƫҪǵҪʲô
ܿɽǾɽʯס˺ܶ˵ߡ
Ҷվһϣһ𿿽һ˲żͣԭأǰһ˷ٿ
ΪǿΪĿģ乫ǲûᱦֻɱҶ㣬Բż
ǵһˣҶһǧöܹǻ񣬱Ҫ㵽֡
߹ļˣҶ˫ֱأЦеĿżˡ
һ·ϸҵڣΪ
ҶЦǺǵʵƷʣƷʶûУҲ·٣Цˡ
Сӣܹǿһ
һˣҪɱҶ㣬һֵܷٶöǳɹ۵һˡ


1845 
ֱԲ䣬Ҷ㽻ܹȻȻɱԽ
ҪܹǿԼã
Ҷ֣ЦеĻشϢķпռ䣬ԶļˣҲߡ
ȻˣҶҪնݳǼԼ
ϣ
һ֣һȥγΧģʽ
ɱ죬ƷںһҪ۷ƷʻҪǿ󣬿ϧҶ㣬ƷʵĴڣߡ
ͫӰ
Ҷ㼸ûгֻ֣ۣ֮ͻȻһ磬һööӣ˰
ݡ
һѪգۼĹֻʣһǼܣԴ𣬿Լϱ齩Ӳˡ
ֻһУ˾ͱһüܣʶڣԪҲڣû
գ
Ҳ⣬Ҷ㽫ķԪյһɶ˹ͷɿ˷ĩ
һץ˵Ԫ񱻰֮ϲϵ趯ֻҪҶֱ΢΢˵Ԫͻᱬ
㲻Ҫɱǣ
˷ֻҪԪԶҪԪˣתĻᶼûˡ
̫𣿡
ϲ֮ͻȻԪһöö̻ȫըûѪɳȥֻ޾ѤʵĹ
ЩԪҲҶսȥоԼԪ׳˲٣ʮ
Զ˿Ҷ̶̼ʱնɱƷʣŵûһ£׷һ
ߣǲǶ֣
ָҶǸС귴Ӧܿ죬֪ҶĶ֣֡
ϧѾˣҶסĿռ䣬޷뿪벽
ߣʹͬ𡣡
Ҷ߹ȥÿһɫѿһ֣Ҷɱ˵ֶηǳĿɲκε˿ˡ
ͷ˷ĩһȫʧԪҲ󱬣յһɶȻ·Ҳ鲻õ
ԭԪԱºܶϢΪ˷˲ңÿϵϢһ޷ģ¡
Ҷ㽫еĶɵˣ·ʲô鶼ûһϻǸɸɾûһ˿򶷵ĺۼ
ǼˣҪǸɱǣŹġ
СԱţʮ֮УǾУǿģҲģһ˻ǡ
ɱǣ˭֪˭Ϊһں𡣡
ҶЦһԼݹɱǣ˭ҲᷢԼ˭Ρ
ɫ࣬Ҷ˵ûҶ˭ȥҶȥҲǰ
һУһʧҶս˾ħ֮Уɵ
һĸǳףȻǿǰҲ鲻κεˡ
ħ֮У˷ĲҽħȼһգܿͻΪһѻҽ
һУҶҡڵ뿪ص˿ջ֮УڤҶûд
Ҳ棬ڤɢһϢڤѪ࣬ѪҺǹ̵ġ
һյϣҶóܹһ󣬴ܹðһŰɫ
ɫ뵽棬˳ŽҶԪС
ˣҶԪȻſڽɵʮֹŹ֡
ҶһЩϿܹԪǲſڵģֻһ͸ȥ̫ŹˣѵҶԪͬˡ
Ԫ󲿷ֶǲܶȻ뿪壬ҲǱ齩Ӳһֻһģ
ҶԪͬȻԼſڣ̫ŹˣҶ㶼㲻ѵΪԭ
ûʱᣬҶóһöܹ飬ɫǱԪɵ
ÿһöԪ׳һ֣ǱǵӤԽԽ
ԭҶԪͳˣǳһңֱǣԽԽʵ沼·
Щ·ʮֽӽӦԭҶԪıԭеĹ켣
һöһöҶöңԪƷףѾƷˣҲ˵ҶֻҪҵ䣬˲ͻƵƷʡ
ö֮ҶֹͣգоԪﵽ˱͵״̬
֮ǰóһöڤߣ뿪࣬ص˿ջС
˱ɱһ䶯ĴѰң˭ɱĵӡ
ϹѩҲһصסóһöͨѶʦ˹ȥ﷢顣
ʦµ磬ҪĿľնɱҶ㣬ɳҶص磬鳬ϹѩԤ֪
ܿյϢʦģص磬ȻϹѩƷʣߣ˺öʱ䡣
ɱ
Ϣܼ򵥣ϹѩɱҶ㣬
õĴ𸴣ϹѩĬˣȻϣ׷ɱȥΪҶԩ޳𣬲κεĳԹʦΪҪնɱҶ㡣
ʦ֮òӣϹѩ֪Ҷ٣϶Ҫ׼նɱҶ㡣
ڷ磬޷ƣǵ磬ϹѩҪˡ
һУҶûȥĶĲˣó򣬿ʼоö֮۷Լ϶ʲôܡ
ʶ֮УտҲʲôҲûãʮ֣ѹӵ϶û˼
Ҷ㲻ģ֮۾Բʶһ鿴Ǻ乫Ҳô򣬿϶ҲһЩߡ
ԣѵʶ鿴
ҶʶȥʲôҲʮֹŹ֣һʶȥֺܷܶණԳɿռ䡣
Ԫ񣡡
ҶԪһ͸УֵˣҶԪವһ֮УһɵŻ
Ԫ񴩹ŻҶˣ¶һЦ⣬ɣԪ֮У˺ܶණ
ͻȻѣҶԪص棬һɣ·ʲôûзֻҶԼԪˡ
ԪڲͻȻݳһϢ뵽ҶԺ֮УЩ齨ɺ֣ܶתµĶ

ҶͻȻð֣صʲôˣȻǧ֮һĴ
ҪԪʩչҪе⣬Ԫ񹥻
ÿ˶꣬һ𣬶ԱǳĴʧȥֱ꣬ѹԪ֮ܽС
ǱĿԹ֣ҲԼԪ񣬼ֱһá
ʱһȥвͬڶ޳죬ĶˣҲˣԵʮ塣
ʮŵ˷׷׳ߣᣬһʢ磬ҶۿǶŻ֡
ʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ʩչӦ֣ûκβͿԲٿһ˵֮꣬նɱ
ָ߳Լ̫࣬ͲóȻʩչˣ⵽ֵ귴ɣòʧ
ʱ䣬ڤ˳أ߰ڷŵһöܹ¶Цݡ
һöܹԪҲһҩ˳ͻƵƷʣҶ㲢ˡ
ڤأҶЦӭȥϾڻԼĹ⡣
ͻȻüһڤüһ壬յһϢ
óͨѶڤûҶ㣬һϢܿջһ˳֣Ҷ


1846 뿪
ʮʱ䣬Ҷķ죬վһɫӰӡ
ڤ򿪷ţ˽ûҶ㣬棬Ҷһվ档
ͷһǮĺðɣ˽ҲҪҵͬ⡣
ҶЩˣӣ뵽ԼӻڤĶֻš
֮Уժ֣¶һſεףȻڤҲһŮˡ
Сɣôˣ
ڤǰŮʵȻҲڤ壬ڤ𱣻İȫⶼʧٿһˣòײҵ
ڤʳˣҲϵѣвĻʣڲ֣߸ڤʳֻȥҲܰ֡
Сһʹ֮ɫҵʵѾԽڤʳڤ磬ȫѻʳһС
ڱĻʽڤͬȪ飬һڤʳȻıλϵĻʡ
ԽԽˣȻвʣ
ڤ¶ŭ֮ɫû뵽ұ޳̶ֳܵȡ
Ǹ߹㲻ȥͱȥˣĻʻּܼʱ䣬Ҫ߸ʳҲôס
С֪ϲȪԲ˳һȥҿ϶ס
ҲøΪѣͻȥֻҪһص˻ʳҾƽҪ߸ʳҪۡ
ڤ޹ˣȻȥʳٹ̣Ҳֻ˵˵ˣô׵߸
ԸȥСϵıҲ˲٣ҾûнڵĻˣ˫飬
ܻȥĻʿ϶ʮֿģûУһȥˣͲôˡ
Сĳ˵ǳìܣϣĿģҲϣʳܱ
֪ҲûȥҾûнˣ
ڤҲдˣûȥʣԼҲҵѱ
ɫһڤһ·ֻǴһ֣һװɫĳȹߵŮȻǺɴ档
Ҫ뿪
˵ӣƺҪ뿪Ҷɲڤ뿪ҪԼĶӳ
Ҫصڤˣ
ڤҶദһʱ䣬йи֣֪˭Ҳ벻˭ˡ
Ҫȥ
ҶЩţ׷ɱԼһˣôͻȻҪȥһǻԼĺӡ
ǻʳһЩ飬ұҪȥ
ڤôԵָһƽӣҶɱ⣬Ҳ𽥼
Ҷ㲻֪˵ʲô뿪
Сɣȳȥң
ڤߵŮȳȥϾЩ˵㡣
ǣ
Сȵ¥ȥˣֻʣڤҶˡ
ͻȻڤ˵ҶĻĳЩӵ軹ίһԵķй
ҶЩ㶣ֻı˴ӳޱ飬뵽һ
һḧ㲻Ҫң
ڤͻȻɿҶ㣬뿪ջҶκ˵ĻᣬʧҶߵС
һлָƽԭ˵ĿջֻʣҶһˣ棬ȻƮŵ㣬·ڤδ뿪ĳ
֪ôˣڤ뿪Ҷʮʧ䣬Щʹ
һȻ޷ֹȥǾȥԼʵɳյ֮λȻԿԽ֮ϰ
ӣͷûʲôҶûμӣڤ뿪ʮֵ䡣
ݱĽÿ춼дıҶÿھ¥Ⱦƣһ
˭˺ĵҩ˭һЩĭɣϢ⵽ҶԺ֮С
ỹʣˣ콫һı֣ƼƷľѲϣֻҪϣʥпܡ
һÿһΣǳ֮ѣһԼܶս
Ҷ㲻ͬǧ˵пޡ
Ľ׻а˱ԼʮˣҶ㲻ô˽ҪһҲԸԼ
Ҷڤ뿪߳˻ָľò
Խ󣬳ֵǿԽԽֹ࣬ǹ۳֣Ȫۣһ¥Ҳ֣˵ĳ
ʮţǿȻۼҲǿߡ
һҶһλ
ټҶΪֹһٸ䣬ǳݳޡ
Ϊ¥㣬Ҷ㲻棬߿϶ˣǿһԸ̬ۿ
Ҷ㾲Ŀţ֮ԲμӣҶֻǿһ𵤣԰硣
ڶƾƷľѲϣҶ㲻¾ôңԷ𵤣Ҳܷ
Ʒ£̷ȥһ磬ֳѾˣ󲿷ֶƷʣõöҩ
ƼƷǳѣҪϣҶڷǧ֣Ҫӵеֶ
ڴвȫȫҶͿƾƷˡ
ֱʮҶ˾Ҷôãȵþ
ֳҲˣƷ߼ʶ裬˵ͼˡ
ֻЩ۷ʣƳʥͼۣܶ඼ʹʥֻи߼ۣƳ
ҶΪͼʣȻеϣƳһƷ
ʮƷ񾧣
ʦ۸ʮס˵ĽŲֻмһ˲ʸ
һڣ
¥˱ֱۣӼ˾űһڵĳ̶ȡ
еģڶ޳Ӯ񾧵ЩѾĲˣûжĹ
¥ԽϣԽߣҲԽЩ֮У󲿷ֶǶʣ۵Ĵڡ
ڣ
Ҷ㱨ˣڲ࣬ϻһǧڣǾţһë
ڶ޳ҶӮңʮţ󲿷ԴҶĶ
˻
˵һһμ˶ڣǴһ¥ġ
ղһ󲿷ֱﶼ뵽¥¥֮Уһ¥ֻǿ͡
һ֮УҶʱһĿͻȻ˹ƺЩϤһǰֹǰ
Ȼ
¥Щţ̶һʱ䣬Ҷһɳ˳̶ȣֱǷ˼
Ҷݣ޷ı䣬¥һ۾˳Ҷ˵¥ʱ򣬻ƨɡ
ҶٶȣƲһ꣬ͻ׷ϣ츳Ϊۣסˡ
İڣ
¥˱ˣҲǼһڣڷԽԽ죬Ʒ˲ֹһ˭ӵһ
ڣ
¥ղű۵üͷ΢΢һ壬ڼ۸ǳ֮ˣȥ˭ûкô
߰ڣ
ҶӼۣ۸߰ڵĳ̶ȣһö۸Ҳ߰˰ڣѾ۷̶ȣڼӼȥʧȥ塣
һǧڣ
¥˼ӼۣϤڷУҶһ乫ӣҲڳĿƼƷ


1847 ׷ɱ
ö͸оʮ֣һ󲨶˭֪ҶȻ
ƾƷĲϣڱߣ乫ӿǼһĶӣλͬһ㣬ϸǲȱԴ
ɣųƼɴһںǰĴڣ˭Ҳǡ
һǧֳĬˣ˱첻˵һǧ񾧣һС嶼ò
гĴѧԺмҲҲܴһǧ񾧣һĶӣóô
һǧڣ
ҶӼˣһ׷ڣΣҲҪ
ڰ֮У¥¶һ˿֮ɫҶЩˣССͣϾȻӵô񾧡
ĻҶľ磬̶̲ʱ䣬Ȼɳ˳̶ȣⳬ֪
乫ɫ࣬ȻԴܶ࣬ǰ˺ܶණʣ޼һǧѾǼˡ
һǶƴյϣƳƷ
ͻȻžޱȣû˼֣乫ҶϣƺоʮϤܿҶ֮УһЩʲô
㣡
乫һ۾ͿͬһˣԼͬһ
һǧڣɽ
ʦĴ£һ˸ߵڱҶ򵽣ƾƷĴڣлʥ
һǧڣҶ㻹ô࣬Ҷ㻹һ׶ࡣ
һֳǳİһĲϣҶѹûмɳһݣۣһ׵񾧣¥ߡ
ֱִʣҶǰ࣬Լ֪̫ͣҪӿٶȣ۷塣
Ʒ𵤣Ҷ֪һö𵤵ļֵҪͼ۲ƳȻǸ߼ʣҲ޷ƣֵԶǺ۷򡣡
ʦһöɫĵҩȻзӰڻζһöĵҩʮ
öҩҶ˰аŮѾҵɽ簲˴ǣǵҩͯˡ
𵤣Ҷ˫ð⣬öҩͻƵƷʣԷĴ󵨵ȥѰˣȡڰ֮ڣϻغгǡ
ĻأԺҪ𣬶ҲӦ᳤֮ķƴгǳս
һڣ
۸ҪҪ󣬱Ͼ˺ڣÿͻһʣҪõʱ䣬ʡôֹ꣬׬ȡһö
߲һΣΪʲôɳ
һǧڣ
乫˵ˣһö𵤣ۣϣһǧڽȫɱ
ʧȥö𵤣Ҳֵˡ
ֻд۾һ̫ϳϣҪ𵤣Ǵ֣ϧչأΪƵҩ
һǧڣ
¥Ҳ˿ʼӼۣ֪һĶ࣬ǷǳĶࡣ
ż۸ҶֻҡͷȻ׼Ǹо̫ˡ
һöƷһֻҪһǧ񾧣Ʒ£ȴǧ
ƷƷĲ࣬Ȼʱ䣬ЩҲһܴƷʿԽƷʡ
ǧڣ
˷˲ǵǧڵǳĿɲֻҡͷ̾Ϣ˾
乫Ҳһһǧļޣǧڸò
ǧڣ
ڴҳĬ˲䣬ʦ׼ôɲǣҶˣڡ
Сӣ
¶ɱ˵Ŀ⣬һССƷʣôԴⲻѧ
ղ𵤣Сѵĳ۵ĵӲɣԴ͡
ֻйۣסҶ㣬ƺʮϤȴ벻
۸˳̶ȣѾûھˣҶ㵱һɱҶ㣬бǶԼˡ
ӹ𵤣Ҷ㷻м˲һ׵ˣʣµĶ㹺뿪
Ҷ뿪ܿмҲĵĸȥ乫Ӿ֮һҪնɱҶ㣬һΪ˳ڶΪ˼
뿪֮ҶһԾٶʩչ˼£ݳûбҪȥˡ
գ֮䣬Ҷ뿪ɽһ޼ʵɳĮ֮УϴҶǰ·
̣ҲֻҶܰǣҲɱԽĺõطܵҶ˦ǡ
ǻи֣ٶȲҶ׷һһߣųƺں˫ɷרɱ˴ٵĹ
ʲôҲûй׼ˣ⼸˺ܶ౦
Сӣ㲻
ں˫ɷ¶֮ɫȻƷʣǴٵĿꡣ
һ̷𵤣ܴﵽƷʣܴٸˡ
ߣǲ֪ôΪҺ۸ɣ
ҶЦһͻƵƷʣ֤һԼʵƷʶҶûκεвƷʹвҲǺܴ
ϻɱ
ҹζ࣬и׷֣սپ
Ҷγǣñ׷һֱϣˡ

׵УĮͻȻ궯ܻɳ裬γһ޴УգԶѾ߷ˡ
ͬһ޴׵Уں˫ɷԭأ޷۵⣬Ҷ㳬̫ࡣ

ǵӵʽˣʱһԭء

ҪҶĴˣһһУκηĻᡣ
磬С̫ǿˣǲǶ֡
ɫ۵¶֮ɫǵĵ⻹δʩչͱҶѹԭأⲻ˼顣
쳷
˷׷׼ԼķƷʮ
ߣ
ҪߣҶܸǻᡣ
ͫ𣡡
һĵֻסˣҪնɱôףϾ硣
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷü֮Уһ棬˰
ã
ܵ崫ˣʶ˲ϧѾˣմ֮˲仯Ϊҽ
ָյıˣҿҶһ£Ȼָ϶ᱻյԴͿϧˡ
ŷԲһƬҶ㲻ԼĽɳոˣ˺ڻɫĻҳ
ʰöָҶʧԭأܿ쿴ԶӰζ乫ӡ
һ·׷ϣְҶˣս乫Ѱ׷˹
ּˣ
乫ӣҶϷŰı飬ڤ粻飬һ·׷
𵤸ҿһ
乫ƷʣҶ߳һ磬һԲѵĿҶϽ
Ӧ˵㽻춼·һɣ
ҶЦе˵乫Ӵһ֣ϾޱŨɱԼòóŹԼ
˵Ĳڣ
乫¶ԼĿĿģɱҶ㡣


1848 ƾƷ
乫ԭһӣڱø䣬ɢ֮
λ籱ߣѩǣ죬ʵɽҲһֲпĿ顣
ıҰڱɽ֮ϣܶཨһ㿪ɣͨ½ϵʱ䣬ͽһš
ÿ棬Сռ֮׶ģֺ֮ǳ֮ǿᡣ
һУ乫һǳ֮׳ۣͻȻﵽ˱ϣһ裬Ҷѹ
СӣС߸뿪ûлûв´ǲǶɱˡ
ոߵС꣬һȥ乫϶Ҷɱǡ
Ǻܼܿˣ
ԷʩչļҶ¶һЦ⣬Լĺȣֱʮǧ
Ȼɱģɣ
С߸ҲкüˣȻҶָһҶ
㼫Ҳҳʶһ£ʲôļ
Ҷָһ㣬ͻȻһ޴ıɽ֣ס乫ӵȥ·ɽһθߣܿ콫ԭء
ⲻܣ
޴ıɽҪӽļɽˣҶôģ̫˼ˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷڱɽ۷壬ָһ㣬乫µıͻȻܶˣҶ㶳סɽճһ
̹ǵĺһ͸乫ӵϣȻֵҶļ֮ôܡ
̣
оܿռһ󲨶乫ͻȻܶˣܳһ㾧壬壬İ
գۼĹ򣬱һαƷʣҶסˡ
Ҷ¶һߣָһ㣬ʼո乫ӵƷʣҶѾûκεѹ
ģ
ҶҪո乫ʱ򣬱ͻȻԼըһöķ֣Ҷıը

ҶһˣһǺĸ߼õġ
򲻵ѣ乫Ҳᶯöؼʱ̲á
ΣٵˣֱӼһâȥԪӶݣ乫Ԫߡ
һܿʧȵҶӱը֮лָʱ乫ӵԪѾʧ
Ȼˣ
ҶЩˣһʼӦɱ־ͺˣʩչĻᡣ
ĴָҶ㽫ɽ⣬սȫɨɾʧԭء
и׷ǻδ׷Ҷһ죬ʩչһŻˣܿ䡣
ҶʧãƷʳҲҶϵıϧҶѾˡ
Ȼˣ
ܶ˶һΪδȵʱ׷Ѿˡ
˿ݳǣ乫ӻصԼĿջĸ׿Լӣ¶һ˿ɲɱ
˭ɱҵĶӡ
ߵһһֱӻΪֻ¯ˣѰһʵ塣
ף˵ϢҲ׽ˣֻҪ磬Ҿҵ
ֻʣһԪ齩Ӳν֣ҶϢ׽ˣֻҪҶٴγ֣ܽҳ
֮ͨУҶСĵǰϴһΣҶʵΣϧ˷ǣѰ˵ء
ͻȻǰ洫ҶɫһϲҲСףֻصɡ
С׷˳֮Сʵͻͽص˾ΥɽŵϤζٵĳȥ
нŲʧˣվӣͻȻһŭ
ȻᣬϴγȥѰʳСײˣ˺ܾãûҵСף֮£صϣСܻ
޺ܿӵһ𣬶ĥͺޣˮ
һյʱ䣬޲ɿڿҶʱڱˡ
ǰҶСһֻϣ֮ҶһϢѹƵ
һöҩ԰Ʒң
Ҷ˺ܶ൤ҩ㹻Ƿˣս֮УԼҲȥó񾧣Ӧ
ұɽûҶӰӣ˭֪ڵ磬һ۵֮Уж졣
ʱһȥҶ֮Уɱļ˴ָ˳ԴҶǶЦˡ
ر崢ָ棬ѻɽԴǧڵ񾧡
кں˫ɷָҲѻܶöеҩǳ֮࣬ǵͼҩ޷ҶҪˣΪǱҲǺܸߡ
ӻȥļǧȫ׬˻ӯܶ࣬ҶǸ͡
һӿ԰ѵҩǶˣ
ҶȻ翨סˣֻܽƷʣǵҩףÿྵҩ׳ԼԪ
𵤣˳ƷʣҶҪƾƷ˾ƷȻƷʣҲһ֮
Ʒ൱ڸ߼һ졣
һ죬꣬ҴҾǼȥҶ㲻ֹǽȹֲϱᴿ׼Ʊ
һƷҪֲϣѻһɽһƼֵһҡ
֪ҪʥҪĲϣѾõͼ񾧻ˡ
ǳʼεıҲǼʮ׵ӣࡣ
磬ʥǺܶ࣬ڵٵĿ
Ȼӵ֮ҲһܴôĲϣһֶرûм޷γɡ
ֲ֣Ϸ׷ܽ⣬ʶȥһҶھħ֮ƾƷ
õħ˫£ӦƳʥ
֪ԼҪˣĽʮ˷ܣһΪƷͻᳬԽǰﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
һҪˣ
һƷĽԻûΣʱޣֻеʥܱģ
˫ֿʼӡħӵЩϿʼҶֱ趯ʼ뵽ɱ¾֮а˱֮С
ƷƴȥŻˣܶһһͲˣҶһҪ
ȻҲҪֲϣϴѹβٲϣ´ࡣ
ħ֮ϣ׵罻֯һγ֩һʥ׵ϴ
Ҷ㲻ƾƷ׽٣̫˼ˡ
ĽҲӦˣ֤ǵƷʣѾԽ˾Ʒͼʥˡ
ʥĽ붼룬ǰҲͽƵƷƷкԶһ·
֣֮Ҷ̻󷨣Щȫ飬뵽ɱ¾֮档
Ȼ֮䣬ͻȻһ޽֮ǳĿɲ
ҲһͻȻһԶž֮ħ֮лص
ħûһӰʼȥʼĥǵЩȫ
Ҷһã̻һööŹֵӡ֮ϡ
֮С׸ᣬʱ䣬˳ͻƵƷʣ޲ţô˳ͽ뵽Ʒʾ硣
ѹС˵Ҷ󣬾ԲԿ뵱ɱҶ㣬ǿЦ


1849 û
Х
֮У޾Ľƺ˺죬նϲ񷡣
ɲ֮˸棬ܸӦõ
С׸ŵɪɪĿѪѹƣ޷̧ͷ
޴ž֮ɫƯϵһڶҶƷ
һ׵£ڸɱ¾֮Ľ֮ϣδﵽʥͿʼ׽١


Ҷһһıóκһַųȥ˵ĺҶɱ壬ڼϺں˫ɷϵԴһĿ¡
Ǹٴγֱ仯һʥϢˣʥкϵ㡣
绹ɢϢȴʥζ
һʱ䣬ڳͣ׵ϴ񣬵͵һ̣ħò
ħʲôʣû·֮
Ҷ㾳粻ϵħԽԽǿĽƣ·ӡ˲ص·ǳ֮ɲ
ÿһ·ԵޱͬйޣҪħ
ͻȻȴһ˿Ĳ͵һ̣ͻȻһζ˫ۣܵһļµھѡ
˭屦
˱Զʱڣıս֪δھȻ־ˡ
ҲһͻȻٷ˫ۣܵ˷սʧ
Ϣˣı̳
գ
صҶģʶ͸ȥҶ㰵ԾһƮڸ
û뵽⸡飬Ȼˡ
Ƿ壬âϣҶһµ
ͻȻ֮䣬ɱ¾֮һûһӰһӣʮаȣЩӦҲûлûΣҶ֮ڴﵽָ߶ȡ
Ҷ㣬ڼˣ
ҶһθĽ׼棬ǰǱС˵ģӡ
ʥΣѾ߱εǱˣʥָտɴ
ȻԷһˣҶ͸ԼĺһҶ
û㣬ҲûĽ׵Ľ죬ӴԺ׷棡
˵Ľ׹ô꣬һֱʶĽ˵ĻҶΪԲʼį
ҶҲлΪʱ൱۵Ĵڣɵı仯࣬˼䡣
ɣЩҲҲ٣
Ҷ˰֣ĽôЩ꣬ȷʵԼһرڷʱûĽףҶĲ֪ܲߵһ˵ҲʦѵĹϵ
Ϊûܳһյʱ䣬ֱܿһصҶ
ͬ廨һɱ¾֮Ѿĳ̶ȡ
ȥɽׯˣ
ҶʰȫκķֲϣָĶˮһ룬֮⡣
ȳȥ֮Ҷһɸ߼񾧣ֻܱɼʮöˣҲЯ
񾧼ԽߣƷԽߣҶһ磬ҪƷ񾧣ƽӿɲﵽǧҡ
Ӿħ֮߳С׻ᶼ˹Ҷ߲ϵĦ
Ǹһ뿪Ƕ
ﵽƷޣѾкܸߵĵλˣɵĳ۳ңܵ
ղҸһ£һ뿪
С׿ԻûΣȴ˻ûָһһͷޡ
ãȻص֮Уǰܴ󣬿
մȾһЩϢҲһּİ
ʼʱʮֲӦϢѹסǡ
Ӧʼǵְ޷
˳ͨҶɽתһȦȥ˷ǣڲ֪ںδ
ʱͨѶʽҶϵϵҲԼ٣Ȼҵ֮ڰһ
֮ҶڸϵɽׯиҶ㣬ȥɽׯѰ裬չˡ
֮£ȻҪ˰쵽ɽׯֻһɽׯѧԺ
ҶûóȻȥɽׯתһȦɽиһʯϣﻹݡ
Ҫǰȥһ£ͻȻԶ߹꣬ʯϵ߹ȥ
裬ʲôԺܶطûϽҹȥ
һ˷һȣʯϵ¶һ˿֮ɫǳЩˡ
ͯѾɾˣҪʲô
վ΢΢¶һ˿ŭ⣬Щ˵Ѿһˡ
ޣ
ͯһ̵ʮֶġ
㿴ûУˣϽһ£
˷׷¶ЦҪŨ̵ֱһ衣
ǡ
ܿڹԼɽׯˣÿ춼˵ĺׯԼǰݰֵܡ
֪Լĸˣһʹã䱾衣
ĸ֮о˾ׯһʱׯʾ֣ôܿ
ΪǾ֮˼򵥵İ˰ӣһҹ֮䱻֮£͵Լֵչˡ
ţһǳʹģԼĶӾȻ⵽ĶԴ
ϽӹˣȻܡ
ЩѾ۸赱һȤÿ춼ᵽ
̫
ǵҪʮջԼĸ׻뿪˾ɽׯ
һȾǿʱ䣬ȫޣȻ˶Լ㸸ײˣ軹ѡȴ
˵ûǾ̫ˣһˣӦһЩ۵飬ɽׯҲûõˡ
ɫһ˹ȥһԲϾҪ֡
֮ǰҲûٶ֣ϻԵ˺ۣƱ۸Ѿһˡ
Ǽȥסҳȥ
֣ͯһĽ֮ɫˣץס裬ǿԵ̵
Ҷ㾲Ŀţû뵽һĻţ֪θ룬ԼиõѣȴĽ֡
߹ļˣһˣͼǵĶ֣ܿ˵±ϡ
੡С֣ԹԵľͷɣøǼһ֣Ƥ֮ࡣ
ŻЦһɫԽԽѿһ¡
ͼ޷Уһȥɡ
ҲǱҾͷ
˵ˣҶȵþ仰һųˣҶ㶥ὫһԴ
ڲͬҶ㿴һǣ۲ԸҶҪˡ
˵ĲҲһҪʲôǾʧȥ˾񣬾ʧȥҲʧȥ꣡
ҶͻȻˣ߳


1850 ɽׯ
ҶͻȻ˳ٲҪˡ
˭
˴Ǿɽׯͯ¶һ˿ɱҶ㿴ǳС
ˣ
Ҷָָ裬Ҳû뵽ôɣýɽׯ裬ҲҶɽׯ򽻵ˡ
ͯϣҲܿɽׯҲʲôö
裬ʲôʱʶˡ
Сʮֺ棬һֱٽӴˣʲôʱʶˡ
Ҳһɻ֮ɫʶҶ㣬ԼģͻȻһᣬѵǸԼˡ
裬㸸ģڸ߰ɣ
ҶóԼ
׵ͻȻ˰ˣŷһεϣ
ãҸߣ
輸ûпǣӦҶߣ³ȥܶҲҪھɽׯһһ˺ȥ
ûͯˣҶ賯ȥھɽׯΣҶ޷棬ĿĴﵽˡ
ȵȣ
ҪԼƤ뿪ͯ˹ȥҶסˡ
ǵɽׯʲôط߾ߡ
ͯһȣҶ㲻ԵɣֱҪ裬þɽׯδ档
ȳϣҪ뿪ƾǼҲסǡ
ҶЦʶɨɽׯʵǿҲׯƷʣƷʡ
ʵвҶ㣬û鷳ѾܲˣȻסԼ
ģǾɽׯҰǲǻòͷˣֵǣɱ
ͯһȣΪҶµģ˳Ҷ˹
߷ĶѾԺһЩע⣬׷׿ߣ׺ɽô˷˳ͻ
һͯȥŰȥˣ
Ժ棬̾Ϣһ豾͹ˣ屻𣬸ײ֪٣˾ɽׯÿնҪ衣
ƾǼҲɱң
ҶЦˣ߼Լɱǡ
ָһ㣬˹ͻȻԭأ޷ˣҶʩչ˶һ㡣
һĻͯʧɫȻһ֣쾯֡
ʱ䣬ׯ԰棬ٵӰ׷ʲô飬һ漸ˡ
Ҷüͷһ壬£ƫƫͯʶôȻˡ

Ҷָһ㣬ͯһҶûôʹɱһĥ
Сӣ˭ΪҪǾɽׯɱɽׯӣ
һǿ֣߳ղŵϢȻʾׯڳע⡣
һ·ˣĳЩ˵ѣ
Ҷ˵Լ˵·˼ףɽׯ·Ҷ㿴Ųˬ
ÿĿһ俴ߣҪɱˣɣȻǾɽׯԺ㣡
ϲƷʣʵҲׯڸС
ЩҿҲûбҪˣ
˹һһɫסˣ޷һ棬Ҷסͯס˳ϣֱ̫˼ˡ
Щӷ׷˵һԣٸǰƷʶҶ֣ȥҲ
𾪵ĵȻͯڱ֮Уɫʮѿ֮У¶֮ɫȻһǿߡ
ǰǾɽׯĲԵĵط£
ϺˣǺεȵʵһоסԼҲƷʵĴڣߡ
ҿ뿪𣿡
ҶЦеʵȻûȥĨƽɽׯҶֲǴħͷ
Ȼԣ
ﻹϣڵϣҶϽ뿪ԽԽãﶼͯˡ
ϧͯǵ̸ˣһ佩Ԫɢܿ
ðҾɽׯ
ҶҪȥɽׯڲٴηɳһӰƷʣǾׯ
߲ˣ
Ҷε̾Ϣһ䣬ԼĲ£Ǵһ˶ѣҲǾɽׯˡ
ǺˣΪҪסɽׯϣ
ׯһʮˣŰֺӣһȣϢҶѹƶ
վҶϢѹһͼŪûǡ
Ҷֱ΢΢̧һ΢֣ׯеȫʧʧһɶ
ԼƱҶ׵Ļ⣬ׯɫһ䣬ȻܿҶ㲻ƷʣʵȻɲ⡣
˭ĬĬţôܵҾɽׯ¡
ׯ΢΢仯һЩղҶ㲻УѾɱˡ
ҾһĬĬŵСǰɽׯǴִҪǣҲֻ÷㵽ס
Ҷܼ򵥣Ҫ裬ģĸ档
ʶ裿
˭ׯȻֻǲףôʶǿߡ
ʶ
Ҷȷʶ裬Ҳǵһμֻ֮£ҶҪ
Ȼ㶼ʶΪҪߣ
ׯʮֺ棬ҶôΪһɽׯ
ǵѣ˼ҰѺи㣬㵹ãȴһһԣ㲻Ϊˡ
Ҷ˵Ǿׯ⣬Щ۸裬˵ףǾׯĬˡ
ԭΪСֶôףҪȹһأܽߡ
Ҷߣɽׯδ棬Ժ϶ڸ˳Ц
˼ɱ㣬ǻ㣬ܴ
ҶЦˣһƷʣǿʲô̶ȡ
̸ܴܲɣ
ׯɱ׼նɱҶ㣬ûشҶ⡣
ܶԷɱҶһ䣬ϣһɸǿɱ¾֮ˡ
ɱ¾ֵ֮һ̣ͻȻɺһƬׯɫ䣬ȻʶǾƷӽʥĴڡ
Ʒʲôˡ
ʹþƷˣλͬһ㣬Ҷ㿴ʮᣬôӵоƷֶ
ʲôҪ𣿡
ҶЦһһɨͻȻһѷ죬󽣹£ն˾ׯǰ
Ҵ⣬ׯһΣܿһ
ϧľɽׯܲˣĽ
¡
ɽׯҶһ룬ŵ÷ҽ׷״ܳ
ⲻǾƷʥ
ׯվסˣɽׯǾ󷨼ӹ̣ôܱһնΨʥſԡ
Ҷûгָأܹ磬ׯȻƵƵܣ޷Ҷ㡣
ЩӶɵˣׯȻһѹƳ˳̶ȡ
رǸղŸͯһļˣֱŵˣͯˣһ᲻ֵǡ
Դ֣Ҷ㼸ڲ֮ׯˣ磬ҶԪȻ֮ϡ
ǡˣ
ׯеʶҶʩչĴԴľׯһ۾ϳ
ܶԷβ²⣬ҶǲϣҶȻȥԱʽ
ҶԽԽʢѹȵľׯ޷ǰһﵽ˾Ʒ֮ɱ¾֮ױھ
ֳɱ¾⾳Ӱ˵ϵͳ


1851 ñ
ҶȻƷʣϣƷ˼öܹԪǿһͿ
ͬ󺣣ɲԪˣϵӿܡ
ׯԽսԽڲˣܲסҶǿĹ
ʽ
Ҷʩչ߱ʽﵽʾ֮߱ʽѾȫʩչرһʽҶһֱûлʩչ
ƺĸ֣Ҷᶯ߱ʽһʽ߱ʽһʩչѣ١
һʽһʽܿʩչ˵ʽׯѾܲסˣͬһɽݺݵѹ
ľɽׯ˲һţĻΪ촷ۡ
ˣˣ߰ɣ
ׯҲ˼ɲԼˣ׼ˡ
˵˾Ϳˣ
ҶЦһԼʵǿ󣬿ľ˰ɡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ֮ͫӰ֣ׯȫ
ׯδӦͱӰУһѪһʱ䣬ֻʣһǼܡ
ЩŵûҶֶ̫ˣƷʶĶ֣ѵ۷ʲɡ
һﵽ۷ʣֻһ֮ңˡ
Ҳİ
ׯĵŭ
ͣ
һɨׯԴԪҪߣҶһץֱ䵽ġ

Ҷʩչ˴ǵһʩչֵԪͻȻſׯԪ˽ȥ
̣
ҶԪͻȻ׳һȦøйԪһ
ǿ
Ҷ㰵ľȻɶԷԪֱ˼顣
Ӱ
ЩҶ׷ߣҲ⡣
ղļˣҶһɨֱӹǰ
ǵƾһ仰
Ҷóһѱǰѡ
ЩΣлᱨˣǰ
ǰĳһ˲ϣ¶ŭ֮ɫÿնҪǵ裬衣
裬ˣɱǣ֪ˡ
˵ͷ⣬ϣܷŹһΣǰ鶼ָͯʹġ
ˢˢˢ
һ壬󶪵
߰ɣǰ鶼ȥˣ
ͻȻ쳤ХɱΣеһʧȥĶˣֻǰ
лɱ֮
ֻˣδɱǣΪɱǣҲֻܽͷ֮ޣʧȥҲҲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷʮ⣬費֮ˣر
ɱǲɱҶ㶼ֹֻǿһ˵ԣǷ񾭵顣
裬ڸѡ񣬵һߣҲұ֤ܲΪǿߣмֵ
ڶҸһԴһʳǣѡһ֡
Ҷѡ񣬵һѡҶ㲻ұ֤ʲôֻмֵѣҲ·ǳļࡣ
ڶֱȽջһʳǣܶ׷Ĳ
ĬˣûżѡҶҲż
Ĭһյʱ䣬¶ᶨ֮ɫƺ˾
Ҿ֮ǰҿһ𣿡
ûżش𣬶ǳҶʵ
ʰɣ
Ҷ֪϶Լ׵顣
ǲҸҵġ
ҪҶô֪Լ
û㸸У
Ҷû˽иԼչ衣
Ҹǲǲڻˡ
ϾƽĻʮʹ࣬屻𣬸ԭͳܳԳܵʹ࣬Ҫܾɽׯ衣
пܣ
ҶûЩվҪȥԣôûг֣˽ˡ
Ӿɽׯ˵ţҶ˵ˣԼĸĲˡ
ҴӦߣȻҸװи㣬ϣ׷㡣
˾Ҷ㣬Ǹ׵ľΥ
ܺã㸸һ˵ġ
Ҷʮ⣬ʲԼΣܰԼһӡ
뿪ûжȥıҪˣҵһǣҶסʱҪ裬ܶʱ䡣
ֱӽϵ֮УİĻ֪ԼĻׯҶˣǾǿߡ
ʱ䣬Ʒʣ
ҶóҩԼ񾧣似ʱ䣬õطָ㡣
ûκɿԾܾͻƷʣѾǳˣŹȥʱѡ
ʱһȥڷٵĳɳҶС׻ᣬÿ첻ϵѵ޵ѹ֮£費һ˿ĵ
ÿ춼СŰȥ輸Ϣʱ䣬ѯҶ㣬ʱڿٵš
ȥѾﵽһƷʣֵͼҩҶеǣϵĴľ硣
ԽԽȻڻоԼ巢˷츲صı仯ҶѾĤݣÿҶ㣬һη֮ɫ
Ҷ̫࣬ҪԼȥ򣬶·׼ǰĽǰҵ䡣
ҶĿĵأǶĽ׾ǶһƳģʱô꣬ϲ֪ڲڡ
ΣҶ㶼Ҫǰȥ֪˼٣Ҳ׵й¶ȥ
Ϊʮ֮һҶҪȥôףΨһİ취Ƿ磬ڳûѰ䡣
һ˵ɽҶͻȻͣס壬һֱ˸Լ
ɣ֪㣡
Ҷ˵ݳһû뵽ǹϤϢֳˡ
Ҷ㣬þòû뵽ķʽ档
Ϲѩˣڷ磬һͨҶҶо֮
Ҳû뵽ĵӣڿԸΪһֱҪɱҡ
סҶʮˣϹѩΪһֱҪ׷ɱԼҶ㲻ס
ʦ֮òӣ
ڷϹѩʹӦҶ㣬ֻҪҶӮͻ߽
Ϊɽʹߵĵʥ̶飬ٴҶ׷ʡ
ʦǶ
ҶֱԲʵô˵ǵ˵ĹȥԼ̳Ħ޴۵ĵͳϣԼģȻǶ
ʶʦ
ֵϹѩ¶֮ɫҶӷôʶԼʦ
ְɣ֮עǳˣҲȡ׼
طϻˣҶɽ磬֪Ħ޴ôģ֣ħնɱĦ޴ۡ
ڷ磬ҴɱĻᣬһβˣ
ڷ磬ϹѩȫͷԼʵ磬мôȥÿζͬҶ㽻֡
Ҫһʼͽϵľ磬԰֮壬նɱҶ㡣
ҲһΪһ飡
˵Ļ䣬ܵķʼŤ˶Ʒʣʵ޼
Ϲѩû뵽̶̰£ҶͻƵƷʡ
н֮ϹѩһֱѰҶټ
ȵҵʱҶѾ뿪ݳǣ˳ͻƵƷʡ


1852 
Ѹٽֵһ𣬸ص壬ͷų
磬ϹѩҪѹԼľ磬ǧӦȫҶ㡣
Ҵив򣬷ǳ
֮⣬ϹѩҲúöֵ˽У˭Ҳκβ˭
ҶƷͬˮޣϹѩݺݵѹȥ
ֵһ̣绹зٴλζǷıҶ
ϹѩҲԼķҲǼƷȫҶ
ڣճױˣ߱ʽʩչһʽһʽ
ֵǣϹѩȻҲ߱ʽ֮ͬʽԭͺܽӽκβ˶֡
ûõģĺܶ⣬Ħ޴ۣЩ˶
Ϲѩ˵һ䣬Ҷĵ̫ϤˣЩⶼĦ޴ģ棬¼˺֮ܶ
𣡡
Ҷ㲻Ϊ⣬ǧԭ;ͬ飬磬ǧһȻݱɴǧ֮ס

Ҷ֮׵֮˼ı仯Ҳǰ֮
¡¡
ңԶʣ¡һ֣֮еľ޼
ܵǿɲ׵磬ϹѩҴ⣬ֱһ̧Ҳһֵ֡
ӡ
Ϣһ䣬Ϲѩʩչ˴ӡܵĿռ䶼ӡҶ޷
ǿĵ
ҶǰľϹѩԲ򵥣ҲѳţȻҲᱻΪӡ
һ䣬ֻ֮ųˣҶҪŻܲѹϹѩ
ֻ֮ţ
֮ţ
컯֮ţ
һ𣬷ֱռеķӡƿŻѹ촷ۡ
Ϲѩһ䣬û뵽ҶôǿˣȫԤ֪
ڷ磬ͬľ磬ҶҲǵ֮ʵԽԽ
磬ϹѩһӵԽսҶ֮ܵǿս
ʥ򱮣
ܵǹļµϹѩûѡأԼĵƣʥ򱮡
һλ棬ϹѩģǳĿɲҶ񱮡
ııġ
һѣؿʼ٣Զɽһ½£ӴԺʧ
˵սνǾ춯أԭʹﵽƷʣһЩƲˡ
Ż˲񷣬Ѿ𵴣ðѵĿռѸ޲
Ϲ֣ڴȥ˭Ҳɱ˭бҪȥ𡣡
ҶͻȻ֣Ǽ𣬲ϹѩĿܣҶûôһ黹ɵ㣬ΪҪɱԼѵĵԼ̳Ħ޴۵ĴС
ûڽȥ˭Ҳκβ˭ҪСģʦѾɸߵĸɱ㡣
ϹѩɱҶ㣬ʦ֮òӣʲôԭʦҲ˵
л棡
ҶʧԭأǰϹѩϢ̫ˣûȥԷ֣ԺҪСˡ
ɳ۷ʸ֣ҶֻܲˣҪ߶϶֡
Ҫˣ
ҶǿѹȸУ׷ɱܲ˳
֮Ҷڵִĵ̣Ҫ˳õ䣬ǽڲҵϣ֮ȡ
⼸ʱ䣬˳ִƷʣҪҶԤڵҪõöࡣ
裬и㣬ɣ֮ȥг̫ѧԺҡ
ƷʣѾԱˣЩ꣬Сһѵʵսǳķḻ
ӣ˵ɣҪʲô
費֪ôƺҶ㣬Ҷ֣ʣѾֵơ
ǰУҶ䲢˲ࡣ
ӣͳƺӰɣ
ҶűŤǳƺһ㡣
ӣҪʲôܷԸ
ûҶ㣬ҲûĽ죬ǵɽ𺣣趼ü
ȥһطһЩԴȥµĻأС׸Э㣡
֪ɳĸ֣ҶҪ齨ԼĶ飬ʵ
̫ѧԺڰһսӣҶ㹻Ա֮
ãҾܣ֤񣡡
ű֤ĿҶĺȡ
С׸һֱڸ֮Уһȥ壬ɽʺչƷʣЭ衣
óһϸĵͼ裬ܿ·ˣС׸УȻƷʣҲܴߡ
С׸һϲƷʶҪվرС׵츳ͨ˲͵֮⡣
ź裬Ҷ׼ԼȫֻƷϢ
ǺãԷԼϢ۷ʶֲˡ
ǴҶô۷ʶܸ֪õ
ڶɽ棬Ҷ˵⣬Ҫϧ֮⡣
ҪҪκ˲룡
ɽĵӣֹҶ룬ҪϸĹ涨κ˶ļ롣
֮£Ҷֻɽ׼һˣΪܼ
֮⣬ǣһܶŷԲǧǳķҲ⡣
׵۳ǹģȻݳǣҲޱȾ޴ҪݳСܶ࣬ǷΪȻҪ۸ǿ
׵۳һ󲿷ֵĲҵǶĵڴ
ܶɼ֮󣬼˾Ͱڰ׵۳ǣһ㷢չ׳󣬺ܶ壬ѾΪ˶壬ռݰ׵۳ǡ
Ҷҵһҿջס˵׵۳ôӣҶҪҵǺѣֻҪȻһ˼ɡ
ҹɫ٣Ҷʱʱ䣬ҵһˣʱޣ֮ңֻмµʱˡ
ΪһӰҶ¥ߵãҶ֣ܶӶϲѰ֡
ͯүû
ҶҲ׵֣Ͼ˭Ƕĵӣݾߡ
СɧҾûͼʳӡ
һĿ࣬һӵӻﱧһŮڷ淢Ц
ͯү˵ǶֿʼյˣиҪܲܰȥ
ŮСͯĵĿ
УֻҪΣҵȾͿˡ
һڴӦⶼʲô£Ѿŵӣһ˺ܼ򵥣ò˶ãͻʣĵС
һ꣬뿪¥صԼľҶϢĸȥһûᡣ
˭
·Сʱʮ־裬ϾǾƷʮС
˼ŵˣ
Ҷ¶Цݣָһ㣬һ˳ȥֱûӵĻ꺣֮С
еļ䶼Ҷչȵѵʱ򣬷ɽϡ
ˣ
ͯţƺҶΪˣԪҶȻˡ


1853 䲻
ȻͯţҶ׼ͯţΪն˳
ԶܣѾѼĻ꺣¶ھˣҼ
ҶһμͯţԺ棬˫˵϶ῼһ
ǣ
ͯţʮֹȻ֮󣬱ūһڣҶֻĤ֮ġ
߰ɣ
Ҷ˵һ䣬˺ܿɽȥ
ʾƣͨ裬˺ܿ
һ·ϵĵΣҶȥϤͯţļ֮УѾȫ֪
յӵͯţ˵һ٣ҲҶϸ˵һ飬ͬҶҪŵ
ʲôݣҶںֻҪܽУ칦򣬾ҵϡ
쵽ƻзΣҶʽӣЩ似Ҷ㶪ָȥ
ˣʲôҪҵģ뾡ܷԸ
һ˵ĵطͯţٴγҶʩ
ҵһˣ˽֣壬ǶĳϣϢҪ֮͸ҡ
Ҷ㽫оֶͯţȥ飬Լ¡
ãʱ㹻ˣ
ͯţܿ뿪ҶǻصŵӵԺӣͨͨҶҪֵ͵
Ҫ˷ǻģ϶뿪ǿ
Ժӣһķ״ܾסʮŵӣ˽Ժ治˶׷ֹͣۡ
ĵӣ
һʮ׺ݵ߹ҪҶļ򣬱Ҷ׵Ķܿ
ϴ㣬Ҷ㣬ǲǻĲͷˣ
ÿԺӣжС壬Ժӵϴ󣬺ȻǸղҶ׺ӣԺ˶Ҫġ
ŵӣʵҲƷҲǿҶ̫ᣬϿʮͨû
ҹԶԶģ
ЩˣҶ᲻һ˿Ȥ׺ݵƷ֮⣬˶Ʒҡ
ҶҪɱǣͿˣǰȻôû㵽֡
ȻҸô˵ҿǻĲͷˣ
˳Ҷ߹׼֣ȻԺӣԺҪĹذ¡
һֻı飬ҶͻȻ
̣
ռһ󲨶ƷϢˣһɨ˹˱ɨɳȥ
ҶͷųƷϢȻɫ䡣
ԭǸ֣һϣҲ²˵أ
׺һȣһˣʮһһƷǳ֮

ҶһȣȫɳȥҶһɡ
ֻһŭ𣬼ʮ˶Ʒɳȥΰأ˻Թȥ
ûǣҶصԼķ䣬⼸첻ȥõ֮󣬾뿪
һӵһĲ˼飬⻹Ʒһ˾ɻǼʮˡ
ϴԺǾϴˣ
ʮһҶ棬ԺԺҶϴˡ
ң˲ңҲˣǵҲȥܣ
ҶһȣûҶĿΪ䣬˭ȥʲôϴλá
ǣߣ
ղ׺ݵӶ¶־֮ɫ׷˻Լķ䡣
ʱһȥԺӺܾ´Ҷ㣬ǽʮСġ
֮ͯţˣʱ䣬һֱڰҶϢ
ˣϢҶˣ
ͯţóһö¼ܶණеϢ̻档
ҶһУ䵽ʶ룬ٵϢҶĻ꺣֮С
ĬһӣҶ㽫Ϣȫõ˵ͷͯţʮ⣬ʱĺܺá
ˣûˣʵʵȥɣ
Ҷ˰֣ûͯţʲôˣҪԼ֣ߣȡ䡣
֣壬ӻХϿ磬Ʒʣӵֱչؽ׶Σ˽ֹ̤롣
Ҷ㵯˵ָƷʣʵǺܸߣԼкܴİգǰƷǾͺ鷳ˡ
ХϿڶڴ˵أҪ·̣Ҷ̣ХϿȡõ
ҹХϿն񣬼ǰֻ֣ϲչ֮ء
Ҳһķˮأ
Ҷվɽ棬ХϿķ羰ǵԼǳʺϱչ
ص棬ӿľǳïʢÿһž֮ߡ
ڻХϿˣһٲ£ХǻХϿ
֣壬ٲһ֮ܶУѾչһ֮ˣ˵ڳƷʡ
ΪˣҶҪǱͻƵ˰ƷʣҶ㼸ûκεĻˡ
ΪһӰҶʧԭأٲܱߣܵǽƣóȻ̤룬϶ᱻ֣巢
Ҷľ磬ЩƸѲס׵Ľ߽֮⣬˳ٲǰ档
һ䣬ٲǰȻиѨʪ֮ɢ
ʮ֣ɢŨĳɢ
˭
Ҷ̤붴Ѩ棬һȣ֣巢ˡ
Ҫ棬дţǰ£
ҶǰַĻᣬ˵ע⡣
ѨǺ֣ƺ²ܷȻûг
ֹκ̤룬ٸǰһɱ⣡
֣弸ŨŨɱ
Ҷܿ붴Ѩ˲˼һĻⶴѨ棬ж죬֣ϥԭأǰһֵС滹һöɫĹӡ
ŨϢǴӹɢ֣ҪչľͻƵƷʣ˭֪ҶͻȻϡ
ãܸͻƣ
Ҷ㼸ûκεԥɱ¾֮һɨֱ֣˻ȥһöɫĹӼ뵽֣
ʲôϢ
֣ɫһ䣬Ϣ̫Ϥˣֻ벻ˡ
֣ͷ벻ɣĽֻˣ
ɱ¾֮һݱ䣬ǰģһˣΣ֣ɫٴһ䡣
ͽһٴΰϵ޾ħ֮С
֣ö˼꣬ҪˣȴҶϡ
ȹ˼ԼɣȻֻ˵һʵͱ뷲磬ϻбĵ𡣡
Ľʮֻ˵һ仰ͱ֣뷲磬˼꣬ڰˡ
Сӣɣ
֣岻Ҵ⣬ֱվӳ֣ǿϢҶɨ
ôСĿռ䣬ҶôܸᣬҪսپ
ͫȱ
ҶͻȻ֣ǰ˫ֱӣ֣ͻȻо꺣һʹʧȥ֪

ҶʩչԪһɵ֣Ԫ񣬳ûӦʧˣֻʣһǡ
գ
Ҷ¶һ˿֮ɫ֣ҲǴˣû뵽Ҷʵǿ
նɱ֣֮գħ֮УҶʱʼϥǸղ֣ĵط
һöָ֣ҶʶɨȻһƤ϶ʱ¶ϲ⡣
úúãҵƪ۾Ҳ÷ˡ
ҶҪЦû뵽ô˳


1854 Ʒ
Ƥļ¼ռƪϧûǰƪ֣ǳķѾòʧ
ҪǰöӣǼ֮ɣγһöǹ
ƾöӣͿ԰֣ͻƵƷʣҶ̷Ҳͻ磬ڲõκεĸˡ
ֽǹժ£һ̷ʼת䣬һɹҶ֮е
˲䣬һɿɲɨܣҶ˲忪Ʒʾ磬ﵽƷڲϵ
ǹ̫ǿǿһͿֱ֮УҶ㿪ʼתʱ䷨ó񾧰ڷܡ
׵һ׽ٽ£ֻͻƵ۾Żή׽٣ҶͻƷѾγ׽ס
ǹδʧҶ磬֮ҶܿƷʡ
꺣֮УڰŻ֣ϾҪ¶ͻ۾ʱ̣ǵڰŻ¶֮ʱ
ħű䣬Ѿӽڰ˱ˣһݱɰ䣬Ҷ˶ᷢ츲صı仯еĵ⣬ݱռ塣
ֻǵһķһռ̬һʩչǻԵ
ʱһȥ˿֪һϾʧ
ХϿ¿ˣͯӷٵĴɽ֮У߹
ʦӦÿˣǿȥ
⼸֣ͯĵӣʱ㣬Ӧþ⼸أϽȥӭӡ
ףô£Ľƶˣ
ͯ¶ɻ֮ɫΪĽȫʧѵʦ˲ɡ
Ȼܣأ϶֪ͨˣЩ˴ⲿƻֱɢȥ
ǿȥʦǲⲻ⣡
ͯȥֱӷųźŵѵ˻ɡ
Ҷ֮һ֪䣬Ҷǰڻ۷ǳ֮ôĵҩ𵤡
˳ɹƷʣҶ㣬۷֮⣬Ķ֡
𣡡
ҶһҪйôЩеŭڿһˡ
λȥͽأ˻˶ƺҲҪˡ
ڤĺ뿪ҶǾ鲻ѰڤһλȥҲ޷ˡ
Ψһİ취Ҷȥ׷ʲô顣
岢ϰֻҪһҶı˵˵
ˣ
Ҷһ˳߹֮߳ÿͯӳڶѨ档
˭ôʦĶ棡
ͯҪҶ㶯֡
ֻ·Ҿߣ
Ҷ㲻£뿪ɱǸһֻһ򵥣Ҷûô
վס
ͯסҶȥ·ʦڲˣһİ͸Ź죬ʦȥˡ
סҶȥ·뿪Ѿ֪ͨŸ֣˴ܿǾܸ

Ҷһȣͯӱ˳ȥΪһǣϿ档
˴Ҷ̣
ʱ򣬼Ӱٳ£֪ͯͨţųϸϵǰƷʡ
Ҷ㣬סǶҶȫİǿߣҶϤ
󴳴˵أھ뿪
Ҷ㻹ΪУһʮͷۣڶһҶԺ粽С
λϣģʦ𲻼ˣղҼʦĻ걮Ϣȫʧ϶ɱ
ͯӴ˵ҶͻȻ֣ʦ϶Ǳɱ
㵽ǺˣôǶⷽԲǵĽƣû˵ǲܻġ
ʮ־裬ҶϾǰƷʣϢʮޣȾƷˡ
ڷԲͲ˴ûŵƣǲܽģҶλ
Ҷ˵ˣ󴳽ţҲûа취ˣ
Ҷ̯̯֣ǲ׷Լ뿪ˡ
Ȼ㲻˵ʵֻýãִã㻹ôӲ
˲ɷ˵ֱӳ֣ǿϢɨХϿԶٲͻȻѡ
úã
Ҷ㲻˷ͻƵ˰ƷʣһԼʵ״ﵽʲô̶ȡ
һ£дӡѹԲϿ˲˼
䣡
˱ɳȥѪҶ㻹δ֣˾ˣҲ̫˼ˣʽֻǽһҡ
ã̫ǿ֪̫ͨϳϣֻ۷ʲܽƷ
ʹƬΧͯͻΪ촷ۣʧ
Ҷüͷһ壬ʩչʧԭأһʱ뿪ĸָ
ȻҶ뿪ʮʱ䣬ĸǰ۷ʣа벽۵ϢǳĿɲ
ƷҪ·̣벽ʮʱ͵ˣƿռ䣬ȸϵʱҶʧӰ١
Сܵĺÿ죡
벽ǿյϢһʱǱҶߡ
ﵽ˰ƷʣҶ㽫֮ʩչ˼£ٶȫ۷ʡ
ϢԼòߵĳϼ¼ʼ飬˭ˡ
ͯţܿ챻˳ϧȵҵʱͯţͻȻϢȫжϡ
ҶһһӰȥ٣Զһصơ
£Ѿ䷢׷ɱһпܣҲҪҵҶ㣬ɱųϣڲܴ衣
һƫƧĻĮ֮УҶͣס壬Ѿʮǧˡ
ղźգһͱ벽ס
Ҷ㰵ңԽڣսԽԽѣԸƷҶȫѹԸ벽ۣҶûаա
Ҷǿߣһ۽٣ҶĲѷˡ
˳õ䣬ҶҪ滮ʲô᳤İ֮ҲԶˣҶһʱ͸ϻȥ
ξǾԼĻأ轨壬ʱˮ飬״ͨ磬ʱͨ
·һǣҶͻȻͣס壬׷ɱȻôɢ磬Ǹ߶͡
ṩϢʹɱҶ㣬ǵõ޾ĺôѾкܶ߷񣬵ѰҶټ
ֻҪҶһ֣Ϣй¶ͻᱻ˷֣ʱƻǰ
ǱжҶʮֱľ档
ȸϻغгǣһʱ䣬߶ͻƵ۷ʣͲһƷˡ
ҶȻصгǣԼĴӪʺ䣬˭Ҳ鵽ȥ
֮跢ϢѾִ壬һҶ㽫ٴ˻ȥʱ䣬御콫ʵ
ʱϣᴴһµҲʮˣҲ࣬ˣҶס
ٵİҶȥԴƼ֮彫ᷢ츲صı仯
֮Ҷص𼸸֮õĺгǣ˿̵ĺгȻӿϴ̫ѧԺöѧԺܴڰѰһᣬһҪ߽̫ѧԺ
µķչ̫ѧԺѾ˹ڷչĺܺãҶʮˣÿϸҪԼΪҶ뿪


1855 ǿƻع
̤гǣ͸оղԣгʮѹֵ֣ߵ˶٣ٴһ㡣
ҶüгҲмʱ䣬ôӣסһ·ˣҶѯʵ
λֵܣ֪гǷʲôôôž
ҶʵѵʲôҪɡ
㲻֪𣿡
ӷҶӺ棬гǷô飬Ȼ˲֪
ҶҡҡͷԼȥˣԺгǵļ䣬ͣڰ֮ǰȻ
ѧԺ췢ͨ棬̫ѧԺʵʩҪ̫ѧԺγѾҪˣΪ²ԼҶ㿴ʲôˡ
˵Ҳ뿪ȥȥˣѧԺǺгǰ겻顣
˿̵̫ѧԺٴУ½֮⣬ǿһûУһζѧԺɳʮǿߣڵȵԺˡ
ѧԺѧԱټ٣Ѿ䵽˼֮ĩ벻ĳ̶ȣٲӦƾҪٹŵľء
֪ѧԺĴԺصһ£ѧԺǿߣһΧ̫ѧԺ
½϶ҹɣҾ̫ѧԺӴԺʧںгǣ
Ժһʮߣ÷ͷһ⣬գ̫ѧԺ졣
̫ѧԺڲЩѧԺɪɪʮҶѧԱ֮⣬ѧԱвǺǿϾżʱ䣬кܶż벻á
żĵӣȻ˻ˮѧԺΧȥһ⡣
ףǸô죡
½ӢҲûô飬ƾǸŮˣ޷ֵ
һ㻤ѧԱ뿪̫ѧԺҵѪܻҵ
½¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫŵֻҪţһֱȥ̤壬Ȼɨƽ
УҲԼ뿪
½ӢһھܾҪ뿪ˣ֪һˣЩ˵Ķ֡
ƾһԺǾƷʣȻһǻкܶǿߣƷƷöˡ
жƷƷʮˣʵ̫ѧԺܿ⡣
ѧԱתƣ
½һĸ½Ӣ˵˲Ҫ۸ˡ
ǲߣҪѧԺ
Żʯ߳ûҶ㣬ûǽ죬ҪѧԺͬ
ʮˣ뻮һһ飬׼ӭսҲҪҶ֮ǰǵġ
һȻףǻŲǼѣȻϣҪúңԼ
ѧԱܵǵĸȾһǻѪ׼ѧԺͬ
ܵŨҵĺ֮½ʮָжҶڵӣһֻʦÿһ棬ʹѪ
ãѪȾ񷣬
½ܸжһ˳ȥ׼ӭУһζѧԺڣ֡
ѧԺսѧԺѧԺ׷ǰȴûһ˳ֹѧԺһֻ֮ɫ޲ܸϽ̫ѧԺ
һȺ˷ٷɵУ׼սϢأгǣǱڰۿһ֮ս
½϶óˣڣ
Ժһ֮ɫһѧԺôףҶ׵߽⣬ʲ¡
һ壬ݵſҪ̫ѧԺҲҪصĴۣ
½˿ɢϢƷʵķһͷų
ԺٸǷϻֱɱǱǣ
ϴҶʲȥڿԳˡ
ɱ
һֱһӣЩʳˣǶһ˽Ⱥ֮У׼ɱ
¡
Ȼ֮䣬ңԶǿ֮ϣһŻļ˲䱻ѹ촷ۡ
Ҫȥ˷׷׶ס壬һľ֮ɫ׷ʲô顣
ǿգһӰ£ѹŻʧֳʲôֻм̯⣬ɢȳ֮
Ҷ㣬㣡
ϳҶȻʱˣ֮ƣնɱüƷʡ
ѧԺÿĿҪ̫ѧԺ
ҶϷŰĿվ̫ѧԺϿգʮѧԱͻȻεҶع顣
ԺСӣӮһٶڵ񾧣ɱˣ
һƷǰһ˵ʱ꣬Ҷٴν١
СӣڹԹԵĹǰǸһʹ죡
һɫҪҶϴֱǲ֮
Ҫҹ£Ϳûˣ
ҶϿʲôһƵôǿߣҶ㿴һе顣
Ҷ½֪ΪΣһҲҶ㣬Զһ̤ʵĸо
Ҷ㣬˽㣡
ղ˵ƷʳˣҶ֮ǰһƷʣȥôʱ䣬ҲƷʳˡ
ʵȫ׵ѹҶ㣬ղҶնɱ˺üƷʣҶ³Ҷ϶ͻƵƷ
̶̰꣬ͻƵƷʣѾǳˣ˶֪
ĶˣҶȻˣҪԵѧԺ̫ѧԺܻܲΪѣû
ǲƾһҲɱң
Ҷֱ΢΢̧һ£һǿֱ֣ըҶյһɶ
ָһ㣬Щŵ档
Ȼ֮䣬ŵʵ˲˾Ʒĳ̶ȣһ㡣
ʣڴʯ壬һһʮ˵ʵڷ츲صı仯
Ҷڸǣ̶̼ʱ䣬üʵķ򣬰ʮһͻƵƷ
˵½ѧԺԼѧԺ˶ɵˣʲôֶΣ˷תƵϣֱ̫˼ˡ
лʦ
洫ʮ˷ĺУҪȥѧԺ˽һ
İɣ컹ôʣƷʣȫû⣡
ҶЦе˵ٲȻѶѧԺʵɵϣ̫ѧԺѧԱֱ̫ˡ
ѧԺʣµЩʣһŵɫҰף׼ߣҶֱ̫ˡ
תĻᶼûУ׵ıնɱ
Ҷ㣬̫ˣ˽㣡
ԺˣЩʦһˣٲ֣Ķɢˡ
Ҷ㣬ɣ
½ͻȻˣ͸Ҷľ磬һľ֪ǾƷʡ
һĶҪԺ֣
Ҷȫ⣬һУһɿɲϢ֣Ʒʣ˸죬˷ˡ
֣Ժ޷һϮ
ⲻܣŹȥʱ䣬Ȼ˰Ʒʣ
ѧԺһʦŲ˼֮ɫܽĽ֡
һʱսѧԺȴ˳ȥ
սѧԺĵʦѾúݴ˿̵ˣҪݺݵĳԼơ
лͻƵ۾ʱѧԺΪһ
ѧԺɫ࣬ҶȻҲȥǳѧԺʱ򣬻϶ѧԺԸҶǿ¶־֮ɫ


1856 ȫնɱ
ֻһУҶס˶Ժʲôʵ½ԭأ޷ʵ
ߣ
ʣµЩʾȻҪߣԺУֻǹӶϵû
ߣŶûУ
Ҷһץˣʮȫԭأһ޷
ƷǰƷһ¶֮ɫǰÿ˶־塣
Ҷ㣬ǴˣֻǶѧԺĵʦŹǣ
һЩʦʼģϣҶһԺѧԺ
ˣΪҵѧԱϰɣ
ϲֳ֣֮һʻ飬ٴαʮѧԱ֮Уһ½ӢҲ⣬һ
ʱ䣬캰أЩĿͬ鱻ɱľա
ɱңɱҡ
ϲּ֮£ҿʼģһʱ飬ȫ˱ˡ
гϿգһѪ֮˴Ҵһ£Ƴ֮⣬û˸ҳֹ
Զƶ̩ӶˣŹȥʱ䣬Ҷﵽ˰Ʒʵĳ̶ȣĵô¡
֪ƶ̩ҶйڣƼҵ˲ƶ̩֮󣬻ԵŵǸ
ѧԺԽԽ־壬ЩƽʱһʣҶͬһ㣬Űɱһһ¡
һʵţɢǿϢôľٲԲЩϡ
һһ½ӢʯǷ׷ͻƾ硣
Сֶ⣬˳ͻƵʾʱԽͻӼ򵥣ǳԷˮһ򵥡
뵽ҲһΪǿߣŰʱ䣬ͬһǵð֮ǰǻ侳
Сֵĸĸ˵ĺϲ£죬վԶ˸߲ң赸
Ƕ˼ңڿüˡ
û˸˭Ҳ޷ֹ̫ѧԺ̬ƣʮʣȫʮ˳ﵽƷʡ
ֻǿʼǳ֮󣬻һαڡ
ʱ˭̫ѧԺƾҶһˣͿԺɨοôʾ
һҵս˭뵽Ľ֣Ҷһ˻ɨѧԺ
һĿˣЩһ£˱˵ϡ
գ
ƷʣϵķǺöҶԼɵһɶѧԺȫ
ԲȫĬˣ˿ʼȥ׼ԺθҶùϵ
˻᳤Ҳһ˼֮ɫҶѾ߸Ƕ̶̶ֳ֪̰꣬ȡ
ĴۣҲûʱ䣬һƷʵƷ߸ûмǧ޷ɡ
ⲻ֪Ҷ֮УѶȹ˺üǧ꣬ھ粻ȵ
ѧԺߣԶ
ҶͻȻ˵һ仰𺳲񷣬Ҳ˶Ĥʹһ˿֮ġ
гǹƽҶΪһ棬𽥱֪
Ҷ㣬벻겻Ҳֹô򵥣
һʱ᳤ŰݷãһĿ
᳤ˣ֪Σ
ҶЦе˵ľ磬Ȼȥμʲô˽ᡣ
ǳĺãȻǹӦ󣬲֪Ӧҵ顭
᳤ڿ϶ҪϣҶǳս
ȻҴӦˣȻμӣԼһɳһѧԱμӣ̻ģˮƽõóɼǺѡ
ҶСֲμӣҴ׼ʮ˳ȥ齨µɽ˽
̻ģ
᳤ЩţЩҶ̻ʮƣԭҶ̻
ûյʥʱҲˣֻҸСˣķ츳ǳĺãԻᵣΡ
ﵽƷʣԼӵһ£Сֵķ֮ﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ðɣҲֻˣ
᳤ֻܴӦӦСֶûУʱ򷴶òʧ
ģһȫ̼ල©
Ҷ㿴᳤ЩģòΣ᳤Ҳͷˡ
ǺãȻȥ׼֮ǳ
᳤Ҷȫ̼ලҲͷˣҶڣ⡣
ʮѧԱ½Ӣ֮бչأһꡣ
ͻôླ磬Ҫһ϶һ仯
Ҷһɹˣ齨Լһֻ飬Ҳһرϡ
࣬Ҷ㿴Ƿ˷츲صı仯¶Ц⣬ѾﵽƷʣǳ֮졣
СֺһߣҶ㿪ʼ֮Сʥһк⡣
⼸Ҷ½Ҳ̸һ£Ҫʮ뿪ʮһģҪԼ
½ʮʹĴӦѧԺȱǿˣѾʮʸԸ̫ѧԺʦ
ҶֻҪĻͿԣС
ʦƼҼ
Ҷ㿪ٳһСԺӣʱ߽һѧԱʮֹĻ㱨
ɣ
ҶںгǵľٶƼҸܵΣϰǰƶ̩ĳͻιŵǸ
ҶߣˡðŴ£
ƼʮֿĴкƶֻ̩ܹԹԵĸ󣬴Ҵһ¡
Ƽˣ
ʼգҶ㶼ûпƶ̩һۣһЦеӡ
ҶߣǴ촰˵ǴȮӹǸǰĲԵĵط
Ƽƶ̩Ƶǰ棬¹ˡ
ҶߵǸ
Ƽһɸֵı飬ԼˣҺҶûƼ鷳ȻƼһԵֵҶļ̤
ƶ̩һֻܳҶ񣬵յĲԣҶԭ¡
ǰҿԲ׷ˣһ㣬ԺƵ鷢ݹҺ飡
ҶǰƷʣȻȥΪһϡ
ôƼңԺʵʵҲҵ̫ѧԺˡ
һһ
Ƽʮֿ˵ҪںгǷչҪ̫ѧԺùϵˡ
򵥵һᣬҶΪҶҪţ׼뿪
ʮվڳ⣬Ӣˬǵļ½źˣסװ޺ķӣרźܶ๦
᳤ܿ쵽һӣҶһ𣬲μӷ˽ᡣ
Ҷ㣬˼ˣ
Ҷ᳤ЩǸ⣬æǸ
ɣ
Ҷû˵ʲôʮµҪ뿪ô󣬵һ뿪гǣĿ֪
һ˷ٸ·ʱ䵹Ǻܼһ·ͣͣʮˣһôԶľ롣
᳤һ·ϣмӣرǶҶ㣬һֱСĶԴƷʣ֮⣬վ۷ˡ
̣
ͻȻռһ󲨶ǿϢͻȻ֣סˡ
еˣ
ŵһʱ䷴Ӧ׼ӭս
Ӱ֮߳ƷʣǳǿᣬŵֱӱƷɳȥ
˭Ҷ㣬
ͬһĴ󺺣һֳִ󴸣һֳֿ


1857 ɵӴ
ƷʣǳĿɲһ֣ɽӾͳ˻ζܲסǿϢ
ֱ֮ѯ˭Ҷ㡣
ǴŻ᳤˵ȫش
ҶһȣŵˣŻ᳤Զ˵أ߲ƣǵ޷ֵ
ΪƷʣǿԳߵﶼ𾴣˭֪һţ˾Ʒʡ
ֻܿʣҶʶţѯʣҲ֪˭Ҷˡ
Ҷ㣿
һۣ鱨Ҷ㲻ƷʣǶǰʮֲˣɱţССƷʣһ˾ѹ
ȵۼ¶˼֮ɫҶѾﵽ˰Ʒʣٶֲ̫
İɣ
Ҷ㵭˵׷ɱָգ֮⣬ˣĿǰ֪Լʲôų⡣
ܴɣ
Ҷ˲³˿⣬۷壬ӵţ۷塣
˲ٳɣҶ̫ˣ̶һʱ䣬˰Ʒʣɳȥƺܴܿ۷ʾ
ҼлͻȻ̵һ׵绹нϧķƳˣĸ֣ص壬޾
ͨİƷʣƣŵòˣҶ㡣
ʽ
ҶһնȥֱӵɳȥǿҶƸǿ
ɫ󾪣⻹ǰƷԽ۷ʣ̫ɲˡ
ʽ
߱ʽһнһʩչҶĴ˼ǲˡ
Զʮˣ赸ҶһƷʣܴݲȣŶֺ޻֮
߱ʽ
ʩչʱ䣬ѣɽ޹⣬ǳˣ߱ʽռ塣
ã߱ʽռʽôʩչ
ռһʽҲҪ۷ʲʩչ۾ʹõĵ⣬ȻҶʩչ
ɫ䣬һǵȻϤˣϵܡ
ϧ̫͹һУζܣ⸫ӡһֱסǵ壬޷ܿ
¡
ͻȻѣһڵѷ죬˳Ų쵽޾ǿ֮С
꣡
һ˳ܲס˺壬һΪѪȾ˲񷡣
ҶһץЩ򶼱ƷʣѪǺöȫҶա
ʣһŵɫ䣬ȦˣҪߣȴһıס塣
һ㽩ӲҶ㶳ԭأ޷
ҹ
ҶһץҶǰ촽ϡ
ңж׷ɱң
Ҷɫ䣬Ҫε׷ɱж١
ҡҡͷҲǲյϢ
˵ǰɣ
Ҷֱѻ꣬ӵĻ꺣֮Уеļ䶼ֳĳǻһһҶԺطš
Щ֮УȻûõϢǲŵõϢá
˾ħҶ㿪ʼȻ˵һò˶ãɳڶĹ
ʦ̫ˣ
ŵ˷ܵĺҶֶΣ̫죬᳤Ƿɬ֪˵ʲôˡ
ɣ
Ҷûй˷ܣмʮۣ۸֣ҶѷˣΨһİ취ʵ
֮ڵִηĳأСִгǲμӡ
ιٸֻμӣг⼸һֱڲõΣ᳤Ҫϻˡ
޴ĳأվˣҶΪгǵĴʮλϣǳĿǿΪݣúܶ˰Ծ
ЩǿǳСʲôʱðһ
෽ҶϢ𽥱֪гǵ飬һɢ
Сӣˮˣ
СվڳУͻȻһЦСֵĿˮ
ٺ٣
Сһ£ˮֻص˲ĳ
߻᳤Ǻг䵽̶ֳһɵμӱ
ϷǸǵĴҶڱϣǻ᳤м˷֮ɫ
Ƿƴ˭Ӯ˭䣬Ȼ
Ҷ㶼ţ߻᳤ҲͦСȻ⣬һԿƴʦ
ЦˣȻǿ̻ҪǿĻ֧ţһɵӣжٻ
˶ǴЦ⣬㼸ǣ¶Ц⣬гǹƲֹǳôˡ
᳤
ʱ߽׺үү˹᳤ܻǴ˷ˡ
ҷ׷ӭ᳤ܻǴȨޡ
Ҷ°ɣ
ûжļӣһϷϢǳĿɲܸоһѹȸС
ʽʼһֽ̭һˣ
ƴʮֲпᣬһ־Ҫ̭һˣֻʣһ˲μӵڶֱ
漸˷׷׼ֲпķʽҪǱҪӣԤȵʱ䡣
Сֱֻʣǵò˷׷״Ц
ɵӣȻҲμӷ
һЩۿ˿ʼۣηǰ빫ʽûж֪
ֻиһЩˣյϢ֮ǰۿ
˵ǺгǵˣȥһֶûȥƸ
ڶ֣л̸õΣû˼סˡ
һööԾȻֽϣ᳤׷׵ͷֻÿ궼Ȼ˾ɣѾһ
һյʱ䣬ҷ׷׷еıʣһֽһ᳤ˣѡһһֱ
һѡټˣβ룬еʣҲиеͣΪ쿼似ҲǾ硣
ʱ֮һ˳һֵʼ
û߶ķֻᣬﶼˣ߶ģһ˷֮ɫ
ֻʣʮˣûֵгǣ߻᳤ЩżĿ⿴Ҷ㡣
ҶһȻ۹۱ǣǹģκ飬Ųʡ
гǣ
ܿ߶˺гǣ˶ɵˣôһɵҲ̫ܽѧˡ
һһʮȫ꣬һ
Ҳţһɵӿ̻Ҳ˳
׵۳ǵķ᳤ֻվȥǻ˳Ȼ̭ˣɺ޵ıһɵӽˡ
û᳤˭ɵӾͲ̻ܿˣ
гǽ߻᳤ҲԹƴǷûй˵֡
϶ףҪ֤
ãʮֹƽ㲻Լֵ
Сֿ̻ܿ챻ҳŵû᳤ǰŻմſˮû᳤ɫࡣ
ö޿ޣҪǼƷ޿ޣһЩ·ûм
㻹˵𣿡
ø߻᳤ȥ£Ѿû᳤Ͽ˽öܴĳ
ߣǼ˱ˣ
û᳤ʮֲԸĻصԼλ
ʮֺ棬öۿɫ΢䣬öԳ˺ܶˣǾųϵˡ


1858 Ϊ
һֺܿСҲ֪ܶ϶ʼעǿԪϼ𣬿˷ˡ
һֽһ֣С˳ǰʮ߻᳤Ѿ޷ݴ˿̵ˣгǵһλôõĳɼ
һʮ˱ƴųΣ˭ܵõһõܻĴ֡
ĿˢˢľۼСϣһɵӶ̻ܿˡ
һ֣ʮ˿ʼĥ׼ĳ̡
Ҷ˫ۣСֽı֣Ҷʮ⣬ȻûдﵽõˮƽɱЩ㹻ˡ
Ϣȫͷų˶ﵽʼǴѹС֣ɲ̻
̣
ͻȻ֮䣬СͷųǿϢ˵ѹȥƷʣϢǳ޵еƣܱߵ˴
⾳һǰ˭Ҳ޷赲
ôܣһɵҲƷʣ
ɵˣǲɵԲżƣѹС֣õʮͿˡ
˹СֵƷѹȥ޷̻ˣеıʷ˶ʱܵ
ģǿ̫ǿˣһɵӶƷʣ
Ҳ˶С֣ʼΪͣһúõıǴˡ
һյʱܿȥСֵһ̻˻һӣ߿ֱҡͷ
͵ʴףܻúΣҪ֣ڷѿ
Сҫ۵ţ˳õһʵ飬û˸ҷ
䷢СֽΪ˻ԱԽܻᣬķֻᡣ
һöɫƳ֣߼ˡ
С֣ϲܻᣡ
ĹأõһӦܻᣬԺĵλǳĸߣЩ᳤ֻС֣ҪͿ
ǸǸҪʦһ𣡡
СץץԴû뿪Ҷ㣬Ҫһһ¡
㻹ʦ
һ㶣ܿȻһɵܴﵽôߵĳɾͣ϶ڱָ㣬ֹǷһ;
ʦ˭
СʣһΪСֵʦ϶ۼĴڡ
ʦ
СָָҶ㣬Ҷ㣬ʮҲ̶̰꣬ﵽ̶ֳȡ
վȻһҶ߹ȥϵľٶҶվ
λǰ
Ҷˣλǰڱǳĺãˣˡ
ؿôƺ
м˵Ҳ곤һλųӡ
Ҷ㣡
ҶʮֿĻصܱ˿˵ܲ˷׷׳档
С𣿡
Щ棬Ҷ㲻ƷʣȻô֣ŵϢ
໥ȡˣżָһ£
ҶЦһЩȻᵱ˵й¶ȥֻһ
һأ
ǹؼϲǺܹģǹĵһҶ˵ҶһǳԽС֡
Լָ㣡
ҶֻܻܲشӿǿߣҶЩ˼ɡ
֪ҶСûȤܻ᣿
Ȼ˵ĿҶܻᣬߵĸ߻᳤żˣȻϣҶӦ
˼ɢϰˣϲߣϲܵԼ
Ҷ㲻ϣԼƣԵܾ
ûйϵܻ᲻κ飬ֻÿҾһ໥ʱܲμӶˡ
ҲɢϰˣȻҲôķֻᣬ˴˹ᣬɢһ塣
Ҷ㣬Ӧɣܻᣬ̫ѧԺԺݣ
߻᳤ʼߴ٣ҶϽӦ
̫ѧԺ½Ժ
Ҷ֮û֪½̫ѧԺһʱ䣬ǴҰһ֮նɱʮʣлһƷʡ
£
ҶҲû뵽ԼնɱԺ飬Ȼô촫硣
ȻޱȾ޴󣬿ϢʮͨһǷ紵ݶܴ硣
ᣬʹﵽָ߶ȣϷ˺հ
Ҷ㿴ʮᣬǵôѣҶѾǳĸˡ
ֻԼʱ֪ˣնɱƷʣ൱۵Ĵڣˣ¼ڲᡣ
ǰˣԵɺ϶ѣ
˺ܶ࣬ҶӦܻᣬκεƣʱһ
ܻ򵥶죬Ҷ̤̣ʱȣڹϢԽԽ࣬Ѿ鵽ˡ
ҶĻ񴫱ÿһ䣬ڲֹǶֶһڡ
ڳϴūԵ޹ʵūߣ죬飬ڳϵҶкܴĹϵ
˵Ҷ裬Ҫٶ׷ɱڣʼ޵նɱҶ㡣
ᣬ̶һʱ䣬ﵽ̶ֳȣ˶Ҫ
һ·ϣߵʮֲƽѾ˺üأɳ֡
ʦΪʲôô˵׷ɱǣ
ʮ˶⣬Ȼʮִ̼׷ɱЩס
Ǻˣ
ҶЦеĿǣ£ǻصѧԺ
£
ʮ뻮һĻشûҶ㣬Ҳûǽ죬ȥԸ⡣
ܺãҿԸǣֻҪһأӴԺǵ£
ҶȲ˵ʮ׷ɱԼҶҲŹǡ
죬ٴιһܣҶȻĴ۵ġ
ӵĴ۸ֵҪնɱҶ㡣
ĴһʧĦ޴һΧ˶֪
ȴһἰһֻҪ̸̸ɫ䡣
ŵõϢ֮󣬷׷׳ɳ֣һҪȡһҵҶ㡣
һץҶ㣬ǵõĴ۵ĴУĺ£Ѽ
һ˵ɽҶüͷ壬û뵽ڱ˻ң˶Ҫ׷ɱԼûжܵĿռˡ
ʦĴ۵ģ
ŵ˾ˣĴۣĴ棬ܳԽǵʦȻĴֵôܣ˼顣
̫죬Ҿ鲻ô򵥣Ĵôѡң϶ʲôı
ܶ˷룬Ҷ㻹㲻ΪҪ߱ʦ棬նɱĦ޴ۣ϶ʲô档
֪һսˣ֮٣ҵˣܲ鵽ࡣ
һ˼룬ҪԶ磬ĲΡ
ʦҪȥ
Ѿ·һµ·ˣǲ֪Ҷ㵽Ҫȥ
һµ磬Ļʯ
Ҷ̧ͷԶȥĵطµķչѾһǿ塣
ʮ֮ҶڿһƬµأ壬ϴ뿪֮Ѱǧɽˮҵط
һƬԴûзû˴ƽ֧Ŷãû֪
֪Ҷˣ𶯣ľϲǻδҶҲˣض֮ա


1859 Ʒ
壬Ҷô󣬽رԼĸ֣ʱ䷨򣬻ǿռ䷨򣬶ڲϵı仯
˿̵磬ǿ߷׷׳֣ҶйĴ۵ϢҪ
ƺиܣЩϹŶҪһնɱҶ㣬ǰݡ
ǰһնʧأˣС
֮УҶóʱˮ飬ʼͨ磬ɽ˽׼齨Լĳ
Ըʮţһ֮Ҫ˵
綼һ׳죬ҪҶڳ˭֪ҶһʧǼ¡
ô磬ղ֮УҶʱ䲻ˣһʮŵҵ롣
ͨ򿪣Ҷصɽ磬˾޷ҵ
ɽׯٲȻɽ۷ţܳԽ
ף
ܽһյһҵСҶȥһѱסһˣڻصɽ硣
ôˣأ
Ҷصɽʱ䣬ӽ˸ӹϵѪŨˮ˲ӣҶСʹһƬ
ҺȥԷ
С˵Ҷʱ䣬һֱæµûжʱǡ
ãȥ
Ҷ㱧СһƧԺӣһڣׯ֮λң˼䣬ʮֿ
ܵʲôʱܳ
Ҷĸ׵ĶӣһϢҶĸȻˣҪҶܵܡ
СӣȻΪ￪ģ
ҶĸݺݵһҶ㣬һѵۣҶϣȴһ˿ݡ
ǲʲô˼
ҶصɽʱˣûпĿĹֻжԼӵʱϲŻ¶Цݡ
û£ǳԷɣ
Ҷ㲻Լĸĸģһ˺ܿԷҶ飬˭Ҳûʡ
ҹҶĻҶʵš
Ҷ磬ǲʲôҪȥõǣǶˣҪȥ
Ҷô꣬Ҷգգۣ֪Ҷʲô
ǿǣ죬ҾҪ뿪
ʱҶҪ۾ʸǣһ٣˶޷⡣
ûµģǾóʱڳĺĺ
ʫҶ̻ǣϣԼٵӣԸһľ
˵ֺ꣬ܿһһ֮Ҷ˳ȥ죬ܵİ˶չ˵
ڶ죬Ҷ˽һ䣬Ƚ磬ȡ磬ŵ˸ѵ
ɽ編ޣվ޷߼ҶϲȱԴкü׵ͼ񾧣άһתһʱ䡣
ҲҶΪҪ뿪ԭѵɽЩ֡
ΪҶʱ̫ˣҪȡҵʱͻƵ۾Ǹ߼۳֣ȻûκεҶ㡣
ͻƵ۾Ųƣ޷ɣǾŲƵȥǧ磬Լ֮ء
̶һʱ䣬ɽׯֻǧչһš
ľ֮УһŲ㣬ʵ磬Ҳ磬Ҷ뿪֮ʱһ
ҪĿģǰھŲ㣬ҪƷʵֻڵһ
Ҷ㰴հ˱ƣô򵥣Բ˵ԣʣҳ϶ȵȵȣܵõ顣
˲ңȥҶ趨˼ϸı׼
һ죬ͱ߳ȥˣǶŻ̬ȣȥӴԺ󣬲׼ڼˡ
ڤȪ֮УҶѾüʱˣڤȪͻƵƷʣ۷塣
ڤˣĺˮҶɵУۣҲ޷
Ҷڵֶο죬ﵽ˷˼ĳ̶ȡ
ѹѹ
ڤȪϵļ٣˿̵ڤ磬Ҳ˻ңٵطǵҪһ
ҶҪһ磬ڤȪ޾˿ҲˣҶһ
ڷҶԺļԽԽ࣬Ȼй۵֮ʮ֡
Ħ޴۵ļ䣬۵ļ䣬Ȫ۵ļ䣬۵ļ䣬飬ҶԺ档
ƾ磬ֻҪ㹻Դȫ԰Ҷ۷塣
ͻƣ
һڤȪҶգ˲ͻƵ˾Ʒʾ磬ڷٵﵽ˰벽۾ֹͣ
Ľ׿ĶˣҶôǿ̶ֳȣƺھڵ
һֱҶ;һصһѣǾ춯ء
ڻѣѵĴĲɡ
Ҷ·𿴴类򿪣Ҷ㿴һ磬ͨڤͨҶǰ
ڤ뿪ҶаʱˣƶѾ¶һ֪У֪ڤһʲô籩
Ҷԥһ£ȥڤ忴ʱûдõϢûҶϢǸ֪
Ҷ岼һ󣬿ڵ˵ߣһ˷ֲ
ͨǳĳҶ֮һǿ֣岻ıȥȥһʱʱ䣬ʧ
̣
ҶоĤһʹһ̶֮Уˮ棬һȺˮѼڿ
ͨ
һֻˮѼҶ˹ҶһɨˮѼˣȻһƫƧԴڰߣ˸ż׵Сӣͬ
һǵķԲεģ࣬ӶķǳΣԲεĽǳ١
ߵĶע⣬߳һ帾󻹸һʮСѾͷ
ǵ˺ڰͫףտɫ͵ڤ塣
ҶһУһֽԼסˣй¶ݣ𲻱ҪĿֻš
˭ô
帾һӣҶ㵱˻ˣ̺˽ÿϼһˣһҲһİˡ
ǲú£ҲǻˣҲ֪ôֻһ£ڤ𣿡
ҶͣǴ帾СŮʮֺ棬С󣬻ûˡ
ȷڤ磬ѵ㲻ˣ
帾˲֪Լʲô硣
ˣҸղˤһӣЩ·мǲ̫壬лˣ
Ҷ˵꣬뿪׼˶ĵطһ£ڤںδ
ΪһǣҶ뿪ɽܿ쿴һЩУڤҪСܶ࣬ķ֣롣
棬Ҷ߽һԲξ¥ڤķϰߣֻ࣬һЩĻЩ졣
ڽ棬ҲһЩһĵطڤԼԣҲͨԣܶ˵Ҷһ
¥ֻȼˣҶܿñ׼ͨ˵󲽵˹ȥ
λֵܣ֪ڤںδ
ҶóһЩǰϣܵõһЩڤϢ
ڤɫһ䣬һľ֮ɫ


1860 Ҷ㽵
˴ž֮ɫҶ㣬ڤڴڷ˼⣬ܶ鶼Ϊڤ
λֵܣСС˼ɾ⣬ҴزŻܶط۹飬һ£
ҶóһЩǼǰԴ
ȻֵܲŻǾͲ˵˵
һˣмӳɽӣ
һ֮ǰͻȻһϢڤˣϢ˵
ҶԻȨԭȢ˫Ҳһʱ䣬ڷֹУŭ׼߸ʳȡ֮
һһ䣬ҶˣԭҵȪڤô첻Ӧҽ߸ʳ
ϴ֮󣬰һң˼£ͻȻеϢҸоƭˣ⼸ʩѹ
˵޷ܣ֮У˶ڵ飬׹˭ĺӣڤһֲ˵
ûңôһң
ҶʵЩ⣬ڤҲ괫У׵⵽ҡ
ΪҶһλ½ۣۣѹʳ
̾Ϣһڤ壬ֻۣһǻһԭ൱˫˭Ҳκβ˭
˭֪ȥ꣬һţ˳ͻ۾˱仯ҵʵ˻ʳ
ҶˣûڤҲ߸ʳֻʱѡ
лλ
ҶվӣʱҪϵڤʳͻȻѣɱڤĺһɱ
ղҶҲһЩϢϵڤĺӣίȫѹ޸ҡ
ͷǳļ֣ԱҪϵʳڤӳ
ʩչҶ㻯Ϊһֱߣ׼˷һ֮ڻʳ֮С
ڤ粻Ǻܴȴռ磬֮ҶžÿЦ֮
ʹ֮УһԺ䣬һŮĶӣһ簮֮ɫ
ӣİɣܷʲô飬Ҷ
ڤһ֮еͱ˷ֻУȻ޷ȥԲء
ˣҵˣ˵Ҫȥһˣ
һŮž֮ɫҵѾǵһˡ
ҵˣɫ¶֮ɫ
ˣ֪ˣ
ڤ˵һ䣬ص򵥴ϴһһ׿һ·ڵס¡Ķӡ
ʳ֮Уҵ˼ȻݣһֺرȪĿһУǽҵļ̳ˡ
˸֮⣬һҲۣûã͵׶һԴ
ȪǼǧ谮һңǷڤ壬˭Ҷ
Ϊ£
ڤһߣʮֽ˶ֻǸȣϵĲԾ͸о
ȻѾӽˣϾţضο࣬ǳʸϡ
ҲĨˣֻҪõĺӣǰҿԼ̣ΪԺȻڤ磡
ʵڵڤ磬Ѿƿҵʱֻȱһֶѡ
һûʮΪѣֻôһŮĺӣ
֮òҲȪĥӲݣⱲӷǹȢȻҾûа취ŴӦֻҪҰ֣ǰ飬Լ̡
붼Ҷĺӣ
ڤˣһװ˳еۼ֪ΪԼӶ˳ˡ
ڤ磬һ˵òܳԽڤҲֻҡ
죬Ǻαصģ㲻Ϊһˣʳɣ
Ȫ˹ȥ񶾵ĿһĶӣ޲ھȥõĶ
˵ĺǻʳôҶ߸ֻ˵Ĺûʶѣ£ƿأΪǲ֪
Цһֻϣ˷һһ£߽ʳߵһֻܶˡ
죬
˵ˣȻף˵϶ˡ
ʣûк˵Ѿˣȥ˳Ц
쿴һԼʣʮּ˵кӣûкӣҲӦҡ
죬֪㲻Ӧ޹ˣ
ȪҲ˻ʳʱץ죬ǳΪĽ
ҽӦǲӦƺҶûŹǰɣ
һѪ˵ѾʼڻرԸʳȡ֮
ҵذ
ζ˵
죬񣡡
ǳһ䣬Ҳôģȴ˵
ʣ˵춼ûãҲܼңõӣİɣ
һȻ֮ɫ˭˵ãѾ
죬ľڤʳԨ
Ȫҧгݵ˵ǳ䣬õڤҲûʲô˼ѾΪĸ
Ȫ
ȳһ䣬ǸϽһӶ뿴ǡ
Ҫս𣡡
ۣȻһѵ⣬ɫʱޱѿ
Ļδ̫ˣһֱڲưɣ
ҲǺܺÿѾܿ˻ңò˶ãܿڤ硣
˫һʳϿգͻȻһƣۣ໥š
ʳ⣬ܵѹֵϢһŭѪǧ
ףұҪ죡
һһһ£ƺӶˣȪҪ졣
ಣ
Ȫһ䣬һӰͻȻڴ֮УһƳֱ֣ӰȪɨɳȥ
˴룡
𾪵Ĳֻǻ˾Ȼ˭ûз֣ͻȻ
Ӱһۼһվߣʵףͦεģϧֻ֣¶
ϲһ𣬿ӰȻ
ҺÿĿȻҪҵŮˣҲûбҪڤˣ
Ҷ˵ղŲȷ֮ڤȷ
滳Ұ֣
Ȫޱɺ죬׷˰꣬Ҳ浽׻˭ĺӣڳˡ
ž
ȪȷɳȥҶ㵱棬ȷĶӣҶֹǴô򵥡

ͻȻˣƳҶץȥƷۣ졣
Ļʳ߸ҪҺһң
ƷҶ㲻Ƕ֣ǶԸһƷۣаգֻҪסͿԡ
ҵĵط֣ǲЩ˵ȥˣ
Ҷ㲻˵Ҳĵط˳֡
Ҷղչ¶ʵѾﵽۼûȼһ˿ϣ


1861 ɳ
Ҷչ¶ʵڤһ˲򵥣Ȼ۷ʣʵѾﵽһƷ۵ĳ̶ȡ
ӡ£ڤһӣһεϢ֣ƻ⣬ֻһǿҶƷ̧ۣ֮䣬ǣش
ҪΪ𣡡
Լӱ˴һƣΪɱҶ㣬Ժڤ㣬ҪնɱҶ㣬ӡ
ˣǻҶκˣǱʴ֮ģôΪУԼˡ
̫ʹϣΪңȻʰ£ΪС
ֻңҪıλıڤĸ֣ЩһֱǲΪӪϵòľ档
ܺãȻˣҽҪαסСӣ
첻ɱҶ㣬û뿪ͻȻǿϢƷۣ˲侪ʳǡ
ڤҲվЩҲƣûδ棬񲻵ҪλҪѾ̲ȥˡ
Ȱ㻹ȥҪǽ֣δҵĶ֣
˹˵ۣҪ缸ǧ꣬⼸ǧ꣬Խơ
Ҷڤ˵һԣƷۣҶ㶼Ҫâ潻档
ʳ⣬ָܵϢ׷׿ۼڻʳܡ
һЩϹŶ׷׳أȻ˸ڻʳ£ۼڴܣ
֣ɫǺܺÿڽ֣ǳĲ
ܺã˫ûȶˣȻˣ׼ҵŭɣ
һץȪ뿪˻ʳǣصҡ
ǽ飬˲䴫ʳǣҸϵѣⲻһ񶷡
ҵ߸ʳǻԼ˭Ҳ֪
ȥϱŷĿ֮Уء
һȥ֮󣬱ضҪʳֵܲܵһδ֪
һ֮ɫҶ㣬Ȼһ۾ܿҶ㲢ڤ壬Իźܾᡣ
Ϊ˱ȫҶ㣬ֵֵá

Ҷǰ񣬸ղŻάҶЩмҶ㶼ҪΪڤ滳ĺӡ
ժְɣ
˵Ҷժ֣˵Ҷھһ͸ˡ
ҶԼɫ֣¶ʵף΢΢һ㶣Ҷ䲻󣬴ﵽ־磬ԼŮ۹Щ͡
Ů滳ĺӣ
ЩŭЩ࣬ڤһ̤磬⵽ɱ
ȫ
Ҷ»ֹ֮飬ڤԼߡ
֪һ֪ڤͨ飬ǳأʱȲ㣬Ҳڤ档
ڤ˵ʵ飬֪Ҷڤͨ飬϶ŭ
ڤҲ޷̣ǵĹ޸һ࣬Ҫȥ
⣬˭һ˭Ҳ޷赲
Ҷ˵꣬ϱһǿϢǳĿɲӽ۷ʣӽһƷ۵Ĵڡ
Ҷֲľڤ¶֮ɫҶϵŲäĿĶ
ţ߰ɣסһҪȫ֪ʲô⣬֪
ڤ˰֣ҶڤϽ뿪ڤ磬ԽԽãһûԶ߸߷ɡ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ڤʹ߹תһܿףղŸ˺Ƥ㳲֮£ѣʱ˭Ҳ޷뿪ˡ
Ҳߣ
ڤһȻ֮ɫԼԶߣ¸һʱ޷ҵŭ
뿪
ڤһ֣߽Ա󽫣ˣ۷ʣԿһƷۡ
ϧĸҲǳĶ࣬ڶһۣ˫ʵ˷츲صı仯
߰ɣ
˵꣬ҪҶڤ뿪ڻʳѾȫˣ
ڤԸ⣬Ҷʹһɫǣ뿪ʳǣԱһ뿪
һ˷뿪ʳǣɵɽԱͣ
ֻǵˣ뿪ڤɣҪͬ
ڤ뿪ǲУҪͬһ𹲴
Ŀ뿪ڤһԹ֮ɫҶ㣬֪ȥδӡ
뿪ɣҲ뿪ڤ磬ΣգҪ
ڤһҪҶһ뿪ʵȴУ¸ףԼһ˹͵
İɣҲ뿪ڤ磬ղֻǷ㸸װˣ
Ҷ㽫ڤڻ̰֮ôܴ˼Ů˵ء
㲻뿪
ڤһ֮ɫ뿪ΪҪ뿪ʳǡ
ǻиҪҪ
ҶͻȻ¶һаЦڤ֮󣬱øǽġ
Ҫʲô
ڤ֮ɫҶҪʲô
ʱ֪ˣҿҺӣ
Ѿˣȫ¡ѾܿкŮ
Ů
ڤͻȻҶִ򿪣
ãŮã
ҶٺٵЦѾһӣŮǶŮ˫ȫˡ
ôģҿ϶ǲ֣ΧʳǣһˣԵֵ
ڤЩģü
У˹ۣ齻ҾˣȰϢ
Ҷڤս˱֮Уϴ壬Ҳ˳ϴӶӵĺӣ֮Դ
ҶʧԭأֱңȻˣҶ㵱ȻҪڤһΣԺ԰ڤ彨ԼĻء
治ȥԴŲڤ塣
˿̵ңŭټᣬ׼߸ʳµҵһ̫ˡ
ʱ䣬ڤȫʳܣӿֻС
ҹһӰĵĿң֪֮Уǽ棬һε͸ȥ
ɫһҶʽʳǶһ֮ڣҪʳǣϻΪµڤס
¶ʱңʳߣƽ뿪꼰
ۣһٻʳǣϻһ·Ա󽫣־ۼ顣
տʼŤܲס۵ķ֮һսƬտ϶ᱻ顣
ң˶ϰɣ
һ֮ɫ߻վһӣʮֽӽĵܵܣ˳ͻƵ۾
طϻˣ֮λѾһˣ첻𣬾ǻ
鵽һѾûлأҪˣֻҵһʵĽڰˡ
ս
ߣĺǧ֣Ҳǣ֣飬ǳĿɲ
¡¡
˫Ҫֵһ̣ҷͻȻˣңΪƽأֱըŮ٣һ⡣
ƥ㾹Ȼ˱ɵֶΣըҵĻҵ
˴ֿڣҵĲҵȻȫĨƽ˭ôֻлˡ
ڤһã֮ɫˣô£


1862 һƷ
ҵĳγһ޴ĢƣңΪƽأнʧ
ңһǶȫʣµҲֻлʳЩˣᵼƲӡ
ƥ㾹Ȼ˱ӵֶΣҪʳǵᣡ
һֱӸϻսһѸٷɵƲ֮ϣֵʩչǾ춯ء
һѿܲסƷ۵ķѹһЩɽӺ˲ɿݵ
ɱǣ
һۣˮʱһж飬ɱʳǡ
ûˮʳǵʵ֮ϣһƷۣѹƼʮ۷ʣֻҪնɱʮˣʳǵƽڡ
㣡
һǳ֣Ҷ㣬ͻȻסˮսֵĹؼѹҪնɱˮңơ
˭
ˮҶ㣬¶֮ɫҶ࣬ôڤ硣
ɱˣ
ΪĺӣҶȥˣۣҲҪ֮նɱҶڼȵҪ۷
۷ҶȫлͻƵ۾ӵĴ۵ĸȫľ粻ȵ֡
ССʾҲҴԲѣɣ
ˮһҶѹȥһнҶնɱ
ҶȥĴ¶һ˿֮ɫҲֱ֮ˡ
ɱң
Ĵһŭ𣬳ô˻ᣬնɱһЩˣսҲԻʳ
޴ӡҶѹޱȣɢϢͬز
δӡ
Ҷһһƥӡ֣ѹ£Ҷչ¶ȫһƷۡ
䣡
һҵײ弱ٵĵˣ˴˵𺳣رˮһƷۣôܱ۷ɡ
һƷҲˣ
ҶĴնɱһƷۣǲܣŻγ㶦̬ƣסˮ
˿ңѾܵΣˮٳɱҶ㣬ûʳǴѾնɱҸ֡
Ͼǻʳǵ̣ķ֮УͰ˻ʳˣסҡ
컯֮ţ
֮ţ
ֻ֮ţ
£ˮ֮У¶Ѿ֮ɫʲôȻﵽۼ

ҪնɱۣҶҪóеĵƣһ˿ĵ
أͻȻһƬ磬֮Ҳֻˮһٶȡ
и

ʱ
Ҷʩչ뾡£ĵ⣬˺죬ˮɫԽԽѿ
ҿ
ˮһȣ۷׵˺Ҷֵ⣬⵽Ļ۸֮Ĳ
¾ôһ࣬Ҳ޷ֲʵ𣬽ۣأĸ취
񣬳֣
Ҷһ޷սʤ߱ʽˣһнһУѹסˮɲħħˣˮûȥ
ر߱ʽƵˮˣ֮УȻ
Żѹ֮£ĳҶռЩʾˣ׷֣ͣۿϵս
ңԶʣһ֮ɫҶ֣ѹˮϵ֮ɫȥ
ҶԽսԽ£ʵھ˼£߱ʽԽԽǿܿʩչһʽ
߱ʽ
һʽ֣رѣһֻе۾ʩչѿۣʩչ
Ҫ
ˮоһͷײԼ󵹷ɳȥһѪ䣬Ⱦ˲񷡣
Ͼ½ۣûȫҶѳԽһƷۡ
Сľ֣
ֻһΣҶ㼸ľеƣˣ롣
ҶҪսپһʱսնɱˮ
ǳˣСľѱһɲĴһչԸǷԲ
ˮ屻סˣ޷ҶͻȻ
ͫ𣡡
ռƣҶʩչʱ䣬ձȾˣռһѿܲס
ֵһ̣СľоΣ˲ʧ𣬽ˮ

֮ϣһĲҽˮ޷գһ׳ķȫҶ
۷ǺöҶۣܲܽͿλˡ
ħҷհɣɰڴһ٣
ҶҪˮͻ۾նɱܳȹһƷۣﵽ۷̶ȡ
Ҳİ
ˮĲҽڻʳϿջصЩ߶ˣ۾ȻҲȫľ
С֣㵨ɱҵܵܣ
ͻȻҶ˹Ľ֡
̫ҷˣ
ؼʱ̣նɱˮһһǧɣô˻ᣬҶ㣬նɱ
۴Уˮһʧ뵽Ҷ档
ͻưɣ
ҶͻȻ쳤ХǱȫھ·Ĵĳ
ֻе۾ܾѡ
һѣǾ춯أˮ˲䱻һɶȫ뵽Ҷ֮С
ȫҹ
Ҷ㿴һҷͻȻһʧˣȫħ֮Уʼա
Ȼ۾ôʶѻһ𣬷ҲһƷˣҶ൱ۡ
Դ֣ҶȱԴȻص磬һһţʮŵĴڡ
˺Ȼˣһжģڳ֮⣬ʧ屻ǰȫ
һȼգҶ㽫˻ʳϿգŵЩ߷׷ײ㤲ѡ
Ҷ㣬ڹϣһ
Ĵ˵ˣҶɱǣ׾ٵ飬Ҷڼ跨õϡ
ڸ֮Уڤһû뵽Ҷǿ˳̶ȡ
Į˿һۣҶ㽫Ŀ⿴
ɣһƷ۷壬лƷۡ
صɽ磬˸߼ۣû˿赲Լ
ˮ˴ˣ˫ɺ죬ֵ֣Ҫ˺ѻ
ϧҪͻǧ꣬ΪϻǷϣռϷ硣
ѹ
ҶڼҪ۷ͻȻŻˣﵽۼŻһ֣ͻȻ޷ˡ
۷ʣҶ϶޷ѹƷۣҶҲ۾Ȼһˡ
ץ˻ᣬȻһ֮塣
գ
Żδ֣Ҷ㽫սħ֮Уʼա
ϵԴ϶ǳ֮࣬Ҷ㵱ȻҪռΪУñõ
ЦһںҵĶֻǺ棬ҶôͻȻôǿ͸Ҷ㣬ԼŮһʲôĴڡ
һ춼ţҾˣӸ֮߳һĲ˼顣


1863 ع
ңֻʣȪһˣҶûɱǽԭء
ԼĸףмһȪɫҰףʧȥ˸ףʲôҲǡ
Ҷ㽵ǰŵֱۡ
ҪɱңҪɱң
ȪģϣҶһ
ҶûңҪһ֮أȹ̾磬Ʒۡ
Ȫ򱻻ҵ˴ˣ֪Ҳ˫
ΪҶҵһңóıҶϲȱԴһ߲ܣм˵ȥ
ЩԴûȥЩͻƾ磬
һ죬꣬۾һչؾ궼֣磬ҶԼһ磬ĸıʱ䷨
һξǰ¹ȥҶȹ߰ǧ꣬ȹһƷ۷ֻۣһܿƷ
ۣѾ˼꣬ҲܿԽһ磬Ҷ˲ʱ䣬ʹﵽ˶Ʒ۵ĳ̶ȡ
ʱ䣬ڤ峹ͳһҵһգԺڤ壬ǻʳһ˵¡
صһ죬£ΪһҶڤڻ֮Уʽ˫ǽΪ
Ϊ磬ҶֻǴ˼죬ڤ뿪ڤ磬׼硣
˿̵磬¶ң˷׷Ҷ䣬ҵһЩüĿ
صɽ磬Ҷ㷢ɽ粻ԣķĩҪһ㡣
Ľףô£ɽķڼٵʧ
Ľ׻Ϊһ˳ɽ磬üͷ壬ܷʧϳһ˿֮ɫ
ǵǰ˵濪ʼ˥ڣ
Ľ׻˼꣬ǰⷽϢҲҲʮ꣬Ҳ꣬ͻᾭһֻء
ֻгԽۣԪ
˥Ԫ棡
ͻƵ۾Ҷڤڤ֮УѾܸӦʲôһԪѾ˼꣬ϹʱڣԶʱڣҲ˼ʮ귢չ
пܣ˥һǷ磡
Ľ׽Ҷȥ翴һĿȻǲؽ˥ڡ
˻ϣʱţȥ
Ҳ涼һԼľͻһֻأ¿ʼ
ͨʱˮ飬Ҷص˷磬ĴսĺۼͬһƬ˼ҶϴλѾȥǧꡣ
ɽһ꣬ȥˡ
ڿԶ϶ˣؿʼ˥ڣҲ꣬Ҳǧ꣬潫𣡡
˭Ҳߣȥˣ涼Ȼ£ȻǸˡ
ȥ磡
Ҷ˵ֱ磬˿̵磬Ҳ֮ܵ˵ļϹŶ׷׳֡
Ǳչ˼꣬ʮ꣬ϣгһգܲ壬ش٣ӭµļԪʱԿһŻʳ
¡¡
ս磬ҶŽľˣ͸մѵ˷
ҶС֪棡
˵ǹۣ֪ҶĴ۵СȻҲҶһ˶
ӼԪ֮дԣֻв˴ܼܶԪ棬Ȫ۾Ͳһ
ЩۣȻҲоˣ𽥿ݽߣеԴľһڡ
۸Ȫһ٣в۷ʣٴˣ˷
һƷˣ߼۹Ʋмڳ֣Ͼ紫ԣҶĿǰǰƷʽ׶Ρ
һۣѹҶ㣬ܶ˶Ǳſֵı飬ϣõҶϴУ̳Ĵۡ
һԤԣΨĴۣܶȹԪ֮䣬ܵõĴ۴Уǿ԰ȫĶȹ˥ˡ
ˣʮֻңϾ齨ãɷ磬ûͳһָӣҶߵҲȽϴæ
ɽĸŵѵЩ룬޷ת
̣
ܿռһ󲨶ҶͻȻˣҺ֮ǰ󣬲һƷ۲ô׵Ĺ
ۣڣ
ϴɣҶڹ֣֮ÿԱˡ
ſвٸֱɱһֱû
Ҷ㣬뵽ˣڶ޳Ĺ
ڶ޳ǹ۵ĳ裬ҶˣתջǱҶӮԴ
һССһƷۣҲҴԲѣɣһӶ۾
ð֮踣ûԸȥˣȻܶ˷Уݣѡ˳Ĭ

ǹ۵ʹ˭ҲἰҶ㵱ȫµ˵ùδ档
Щ۴ϣһʱնɱҶ㣬Ӷϵ˸С
һ֮ɫ۾վ۷壬Ⱳӣ뵽ӷ磬ɽ磬ٵ磬ۡ
ûҶ㣬ôǽĳɾ͡
Ů׷վ֮Уܰ˶һҶĺӡ
ֱӳ֣ףһƳҶ£һ˻ᡣ
ܹҶ㲻˷峤ֱ룬˫֣һֻצ֡
ͻȻԭأ޷צץסǰѲצĿơ

Ҷһץ廯ΪһѪ⣬䶯
գ
ħſսȥ˲䱻ħûһз̫죬˼άϡ
㡭Ѿﵽ۾
Ȫŵһ£˺üţŹȥһʱ䣬ҶȻͻƵ۾
ǲǺܾȣ˭Ҳ׼뿪
ҶһУͻȻһ֣Ǿ޴סˣ˶벻
һϣɱ
Ȫкһ⼸һ£һ֮նɱҶ㡣
һ֣Ҷм䣬˿̵ˣ·ڣҶȻҲۣȫ벻ġ
ƾǼèҲɱңȫΪҵϰɣҶƷĽ
Ҷָأֱ룬Ⱥ֮Уɱ¾֮һɨһ䣬Ҷ׵ո
һһת֮䣬ֻʣڿ֧š

׵֣۱ըĵѪһɨħ֮С
֮ͬУҶ㼸޵еĴڣƷۣҲ׵նɱ
Щ۷ɵˣΪֵܷһڵã۶ˣЩʣһͻᱻ
һץһʧˣϣҶ㲻ҪڼЩϣֳܶ
ׯڻˣ
ɽ磬磬磬˶ΧҶǵĶ
ҿټʱճ齨һɽׯָԭ״忪ٳ׽磬Էչ
ںһ𣬷ǳĻңûйУ˶ɽׯһҲûйС
֮ߵһΪҶ㣬۳һǿĺġ


1864 ˫
ҶôֶΣ￪ٳʱգǶĿռ䣬ռʮ귢չƾˣѾչһҴС
Ҷ㽨ǳȥ֦ɢҶڵ̲⣬Ҷ㶮֮ڰѾٳһ硣
࣬׹ȥ꣬ϵıҶڿٳȼΪɷ֡
ﵽ侳Կɡ
ɽﵽԿɡ
άԭҶһͳΣγɽʽ̶̼ʱ䣬˹
Ҷ㵥ٳһʱգʮ򣬶Ӧʮ壬Ҷ㶼룬ȫӻ
Ҷնɱ۵Ϣ˲䴫磬˷ˣҶ㲻Ĵ۵ļ̳ˣ̶һ¹򣬾ʹﵽ۳̶ȡ
ܵ˥˽磬磬磬磬ʥȵȣ׷״ϣӶԴȹ˽Ľѡ
ʱȣҶʱ䲻ˣʮſ϶۸֣һƷƷĿǰ磬޷ֵ
һƷۣҶ˳Ʒǲõİ취ͻƵƷƷԱ֮
¥
Ҷڶν٣һθϴβͬҶҪ¥
֪Ҷǰ¥һţҶѴ磬ĵˣ˭ǡ
Ҷһ̣¥¶֮ɫǾգһɴڵ
ǶƷۣ˿̼Ҷ㣬ܵһǿѹ
֪Ҷ۽٣кιɣ
һָͷҶ㣬Ѿĵز¥¶һĨЦ֮ɫ
ʵ˫ޣͻƷۣҲкôܰͻƵƷ
ҶֱԲ˵¥Ǻķ֮壬˫ޣԱ˴Īĺô
ҶҪ¥վ˪ҶȻҪ
룡
¥˵֣Լ壬ôô׵Ľȥ
Ҷ¶Цݣ۾ѾûʣΨоΪ鰮֮ĶͿˡ
ڤ磬Ҷ˽ӽʱ䣬ʲô͸ˣΨȥΨһ
ϴҾ˵һƨɣԶֳŵˣ
ֻи¥˫ݣҶлͻƵƷۣʱþƷκˡ
ң
¥վɫ΢죬ҪǱҶƨɣԺ󴫳ȥˡ
仹ûҲ飡
Ҷһɨܾ˱仯䶼סˣȻƷۣҲ޷롣
¥ҪƿҶĽƣȴ˿ͬǶƷۣ֮䣬ȻôĲࡣ
̣
¥޷ҶԭأƷۣҶһֻ־⣬Ҷ˲նɱ¥
ûѡأ
ſռһ󲨶¥ɴˣ¶һžգҶʶŮǱ¥ò
һɨ¥ϵ·ȫʧվҶǰɫ࣬ȴ޿κΡ
Ҷһϵ·ʧһУ¥Ļ
ܿƣҶǿн壬Ʒۣѵ˲ĳ̶ȣҶ޴ջ¥Ϣȥ
ԭЩܣҶ֮֮й֮ڰ֮֮ȵȣ¥棬ʼ
֮ҲҶ棬໥ڣ¥ʼҶ㡣
Ѹٴﵽ˺һľ磬궼ںϵһңҾ㣬˿̲ˣһˡ
ָоԣ˫ݴĺôԱ˴˶档
һһҹȥˣҶ˲򿪣Ʒۡ
¥ɫ죬֮忪꣬ͻˣҶ㣬֪²ͻƵƷۡ
ڴϣҶЩƣǾĺãƷۣͶ֮䣬һذ塣
Ժ˫ݣǾֹͣƷۣ
Ҷ㿴ߵˣûжٸ飬˫໥磬Ѿ֮ϵشĽڡ
ڸΪУôģ
ҶһˣȻʼҶ㵣
ûʲô㣬һɱһҲˣؿʼ˥ߣ˶뾡һа취ͻƵƷۣΪӭһԪ
Ҷ֮ɫΪУҶ㲻ǵһľˡ
ؿݽߣһλᣬ緢ܶණϸԪֵģҲһЩǴ¸Ԫǰ
¥Ҳܵˣؿʼݽߣ
ӽ¥ҵԺ໥ҲиӦ
Ҷ㲻¥ͬͬ⣬շ¥ԼҲһ
Ҷһˣȱ۰һۣԼӪҲ׳󼸷֡
Ҫץʱ䣬ȡĳ̶ȣʱ߼ۣ֮߼ۣһս֮
Ҫ¥Ͷ㣿
¥¶֮ɫѾҶߣഴ¥Ҫߡ
Һ棬﷢չǿһǧ꣬ǧͻ˥ߣֵܵùԪ֮𡣡
Ҷ˵ʵ¥һ꣬ҲͻƵƷۣ޷ֵ˥ߵѡ
¥ĬˣҶĴ۵ģʵǳɲҲֵܵԪ֮䣬ǽһԪ
·Ҷ㲻ͬͬ⣬ֱʩչֶΣ¥ȫս֮У׼ԼٵĽ硣
ЩӸʲô飬¥ڣ¥Ҫʧˡ
¥ôƯ˶ҶҲ񾳽磬վ۷壬Ҳһǿҡ
ȨŮԴҶͳͳŹ
Ҷնɱ۵飬ʮŷ׷ŭܶţֻôһۣʧһʮţһּ˺
رӵмʮۣʼڶ֣׼ٴַҶ㡣
Ҷ㽫ԼٵĽ֮Ϊǽ磬оŸλ棬ÿλ涼˾סٵķֳ
һŸλȫγɣݱԼ磬ʱҶͿˡ
һ죬˲֮ͣһ׷Ůӽپλ棬һ֣Ҷ˫ۡ
Ųһ̤Ҷλڣ׷Ůӡ
һѾȥʮ꣬ҶҲǵǸ֪Сӡ
û뵽ǻķʽ棡
׷ŮǵҶߵʥʥŮͻȻ硣
ʥ彵٣ѵͲ⵽ĸ׷ɱ𣿡
ҶҲǰľʥʥŮǳĿɲﵽ˸߼۵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ֪ˣģѵԴѣ
ʥŮ̫ˣϢϧҶȴޱȾ裬ʥǳУҵԼΪ
ѣ
ҶЦһԼ磬ҲʥΪѡ
ûѣڸΪУò˶ãĸ־ͻᵽȻǿԾƷۣûκʤ㣬ֻʥ壬ܰɹѹء
ʥŮȻҪҶϣԸ硣


1865 ֮
ʥȻҪҶһַ磬⵹ҶЩ⡣
ϧҶѹûʥ뻢ıƤŪʥԼԵͷʣ
Ҷʥ֮䣬˵Уߵͬһսȥ
Ҵˣ࣬Բܸʥ
Ҷشʮָɴ࣬㹻棬ҶŻӦ
֪ʥЩᣬ磬ֻ棬ûгޣܸǺԱסĵλֶΪ
ʥŮ׻׻գһͷİ׷ӭչϢ¥ˡ
ʥ溬дʥѪǲѪͳĴڣ磬кܴĵ⡣
ôЩ꣬һֱҪɱ磬½Լ˫˲ٴδս˭Ҳκβ˱˴ˡ
˵˵ɣκ
Ҷ㵹ȤΪ˵ûûоԵĳޣֻ棬磬ĿѲͣڼʮǰ
ҿ԰㣬ʥ幥磬ϣӦϣ
ԭϣҶӦʱ磬Ҷ淢ʥǿл϶ᱻ߽⡣
̴õǲϧǿˣɣ
Ҷܲмڽ֣֮οʥ壬һ죬ҶҲ̤ƽʥ壬˱ū
Ҷ㣬Ҫڤ粻飬磬ڸʥΪУʮ㣬Ҳܲסǵŭ𣡡
ʥŮ϶ʱʥŮ٣Ҷ㻹ǲӡ
ǾͲˣٲȥ߲ˣ֣ܶӦöܵϢ
ҶЦһԼľǽƷ۶ѾΪһ硣
Ҷ㣬Ϊľڵģ
ʥŮûг֣Ҷǽ֮УóȻ֣ᾪ磬ʥļƻʮֲ
ͣ
Ҷһ֣ʧԭأص˾ǽ֮С
ľǽ磬Сľסڣλ棬ֻһطܳ룬ҪҪСľһء
ľɣСľѾڵ
ػٹ꣬ȻǾƷ۽٣ҲκβҶ㡣
صǽ磬Ҷüͷһ磬Ҷ㽹ͷöʥ忪ʼѣһԼǳļ֡
ξܾʥ壬϶նɱҶǳĲΨһİ취ʵ齨ʮ壬Ϊµػ
һž֮أҶţӱ˴˵֮У֮ɫ
ǰܲʣںδ
ҵʣµ壬ҶԽױ磬ƷƷۡ
֮һЩû׼ȷĵַֻдŵķ򣡡
Ҳһ֮ɫѾ߰˸䣬ûҵϣҶ㾡ܴʮ
ãҵŵĵַͿԣ
Ҷ˵ͷǽ뿪ƬʩչֶΣǽǾƷۣҪһʱҵ
Ҫʱ䣬Ҷץʱҵʣ壬ǰ磬磬ҵĳ̶ȡ
ǽ棬ʱ޿̶иֵ߼Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ҷһʮˣʵǳɲ
}B͵ˣҶصڶﵽ۷ʵĳ̶ȣΪ׼
һ֮壬һݣҵһŵķλʮֻ֦ͬҪǧ磬ҵ˿
ˣҵŵַӦ磡
ڷ֮磡
âڶϷӦ磡
ϷӦڹ磡
ݱʬᣬǲδҵһ֪λ棬Ǹλǳ͵ȣһտɫ򡣡
ӽЩŵķλ
ҵЩᣬȻҵױڵ۽ױҶ㻹ûҵ
Ҷжȥ֮磬ҵᣬǻѡˡ
֮ǰ¥һ䣬ǽȽ飬ԼҶѾ̻ܿλ
һλ棬ҲͨöͨѶ໥Խ˷ơ
뿪磬Ҷҵֱ֮꣬硣
⣬շ֮֮һСͽ磬ǳңԶҶ˺ѿռ䣬ҲҪü·̡
ǧ磬֮Ҷҵ˷֮ڣǿ˺ѣ˽ȥ
ǧ֮У磬磬磬ʥ磬ħ֮⣬һЩСͽ編ǳ۶ӵС
һЩ磬ѱǿĽͳΣñȵĻȪۣͳ˺üλ棬ǳǿᡣ
֮磬ﾰȫͬľɽˮһƬ硣
ïֲܵڵסҶߣֻ÷ɵУʶˣɨһȦ֮綼һ
ôСĽ磬϶֮ѵĳλ۵زɣ
Ҷʮֺ棬֮˼٣ҶɨһȦֻּطټ޶ǳϡ٣Ψһľǿ
֮Ŀǳ֮࣬һЩǿ߷֮ռΪУɣЩߡ
һΣҶ㳯һȥΨǸطֺܶ㼣Ӧҵᡣ
һʯӵ˳ܶǿһ˺ȳ⣬һƤӳȥЩϾһѪڡ
㣬Ҵ񣬲Ȼ˭Ҳ׼Ϣ
һ׵ӣűӣȻƷʣ壬͵
׽ΪڴߴôҪҪǰһ࣡
һ׵߹Сֹ֮Ǽֵģ֮󣬽ȫɱ
һȺǿɿѾȥˣ֮ˮ֮С
ô࣬Լľˣٹ꣬Ǿ뿪ط
֮Ϊƣѳָ֣ͻƵƷǼޣǱ編߳ôһ㡣
ɹʮˣʮͿԻȥʺĵطȥˡ
㣡㣡
һƤ˦ɢ෢ĵͺҲܹˣҹҹܷһĥ
֮ɨ£磬ˣŮף꺢ͯҪɿֱǲ
һ˿˿֣ҶԶ϶Щڿ֮ˣǷᣬ
ūۣҶϲ¶Ũҵɱ⣬֮۷Ҷ㡣
ˣ
ˣǼפش˵أɱй¶֪ˣ׷뿪񣬳Ͽȥ
Ƕ
Ҷ建ڵϣյ֮磬Ȼ鷢βŭ
ƹǧ磬ҫȴ䵽ūĳ̶ȡ
˭ô
ﲻ۾޷ᴩ棬λ棬ǶͨƵĶմԽҪµʱܸϵ
˭ҪҪǶҪ
ҶɫޱǵװѾǼˣʮ֮һ


1866 
Ҷʮ䣬ͬһ׶档
Щſ󳵵Ŀ׷ͣ壬ʮˣûİ˽һһãȻ֮ɫҶ㡣
ÿĿƾһˣնɱˣ
Ҷ㾳ûй¶˶ǿߣΪҶҲմɶ磬˭֪Ǽĵ̣û˸ǰ
۸ǲܣ˭ܵʺĵطҲƵߡ
ֻһֿܣҶµġ
һҶΧм䣬׼֡
̣
ռһ󲨶ָһ㣬ܺϮˣͻȻԭأȫܶˣһŭҶ㡣
գ
˱Ҷսħȴȥϣ˽硣
̶һУҶˣЩЩɵˣҶʲôֶΣ˸ɾ
˭ͷ
Ҷ·һ򵥵飬ЩһãȻĿʵ
Щȫ׷׷ĳӣ£¿ȫ
½½һʱվҶǰŮףߵͲȣһЩмˣҪ
ȫᣬһЩ屻˽ƣֻܸſĻ
ûʶҶ㣬ɵɵվԭأΪµͳߣǹڶѣһūǡ
ˣܿˣ
Ҷ㳯˾һĺᣬҫȻ⵽ļ̤Ƕ¡
ûʮػأôڵķķٷչ
㿴ңҿ㣬⣬ҶѵǵĲɣ
λӣ㲻ӹܷ֮𣿡
һ߳ͷģгζɢ
Ȼǣǵģ
ҶӹܣҲ񹲷ߵ
Ҷ㲻ǽӹܷ֮磬ҷ׷ӵĿѣҪˡ
лȣǸм߰ɣ֪˱ɱиĸǰ
ҶϽ뿪ûбҪҲҪ뿪ˣūۡ
İɣԺ󲻻ūˣᣬ۷壬ǵĻԻͣҪ֣
Ҷܴ󣬴ÿһ䣬˻һ𣬶ˣû֪֮ˣҶһڵòȼϣ
㡭ô֪ĺ᣿
߳һ֮ɫ
Ҷû˵üһ֮۳ˣɨÿһˣȫõϴ
ϵ۹ǽƣȫʧ쳤Хס꣬ڽˡ
μˣ
֤֮Ҷˣʮ긨ƹء
Ҷɣһ뿪ҫ
ҶҪһߣϣʮһϲʱ
ˣˣ
ݺᣬ뵽˵أױʧΪȥ䵽˵ū³

Ҷһɨս֮Уʱ䣬
ɱʣռʮ񾧣ǳĿɹۣƷ񾧾һףƷüףƷʤ
Ʒ񾧲ֻ࣬öǳİ󣬾ǾƷ۶ǳּƷ񾧡
ڽ֮нȫȡЩԴ巢չ׳ȻصǽʱὫᷢ׵ı仯
ʶ븡֮УҶʶһɨָһ㣬һҶǰ
ˣҶһ۾ͿдˣҶǽ񣬲Ų˷֮⡣
ʲô֣
ЩţϾԵˡ
ˣҽϯ
ϯʮֽţ˵Ͱͣڣһֱڵ£Ų˲ӡ
ܺãԺĴˣ̳־Ұϴ⴫У
ҶյΪ⴫ˣᣬֻãгΪǱ
лˣ
ϯڵأһ˼֮ɫ˾ȻѡΪˡ
ɣֲãһ㻻
Ŀǰѡѡ˷ǳͿϯıˡ
ģһܣ˶
ϯվϵ˷֮ɫԱ·𿴵վ۷塣
֮֮Ҷֱ磬ĺᱻɢ֮󣬸˹ϵޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮С
ʮ֮Ҷ㿴һƬĹ磬ɢպôѡ
˺ѿռ䣬磬һƬֻ΢ĹߣѹҲֻйɭɭ
ˣ
Ҷ̤룬кüֻ峯˹ҪʳҶľ

ҶһɨֻСͱɳȥ峤ֱ룬ֱĵش
ǧһٿ⣬Ҫ绹Ҫͣʵ߹ֻܴﵽһƷ۲Ρ
峤ֱ룬粻ûз֮󣬺ܿ쿴ĵطһǣҶüͷһ壬ôѵӼˣ
ȻˣҶ㻹ǴȥȻûǹҶ˵ҲǴ֮
˴ҹ磡
ӹ֮УһɭɭĹʣ൱һƷۡ
ܸܵõ˵Ϣǹõϡ
ǰҶ㣬Ҫæ
ҶûбҪֽƷϢͷųһˣ㱻ƷɳȥɭɭĹ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ʒۣǹʲô
¶ɵ֮ɫԹ羮ˮˮ˭ҲַϾԴûá
ǧ磬ĩλûͨˣ֪㲻ǧλ֮һ
ǹǲһȺ࣡
㣬յĺڹ磬ҶҪ粻ʺ棬ôѡط
ô֪ࣿ
ʮֺ棬ʱǼʳ֣ܵҶϢ׷顣
˵ɣһܿ뿪
ܴﵽƷۣҶŻ취ǧͳһȻκһλ档
˹Ȼ򵥣ⲻҶı⣬֮У϶и֡

Ҷʮ־ηһ֣ǰһڵ֪ͨ쵽δһΣʧԭء
֮жǹۺᣬò˲ӵ߳ģڣָɭףǳˡ
Ҷͨ棬һǿ֣Ȼ뵽˵硣
ڤ̶
ҶŵϤζɽ磬ɽׯڤȪʱڤ磬Ҷƺ˺ܶ
ûڤ̶Ǿֻܴ㵽ˣ
һΣʧԭأҶһ
ܵǺˮûټʿ϶ƭҶ㣬ѵסںײɡ
ͻȻʧԭأҶڤ̶ͻȻһڤ̶Ȼټ
ڤ̶øֶΣٳһǧﷱϢ
̶ˮĲЩΪַ
࣬Щˣǰᵽûмһ˳˹֮⡣


1867 
Ҷ˺ѽƣֱӽ磬պֻ࣬мǧ˶ѣƵıԵ
ٹ꣬һ彫᳹ʧ硣
ûԥҶۣ֮ͣʱȣҶ㾡ҵ岿䡣
ԭˣǧ£ǵǧ꣬ڵȵ˻ᡣ
ǧһʧҶս֮УϣҶóԴӦ
պ֮ҶҲѡһˣһʮ꣬һ֮ǳǿ
ǽ֮ף֮Ҷ㽫ȫꡣ
Խúմﵽʾ
гԽϯô֣Ҷ¿˼ͷ֮󣬻ص֮У
뿪磬Ҷֱ磡
ǧǰʮû࣬Ҳǳ֮ϡ٣һЩ磬Ӵ˲ūۡ
տ磬Ľ׻иܵˣȵϣ磬һ룬ڳˡ
Ҷһ̣ľȫһ
ԭΪضǱʵǣ˺ܶ࣬ϸۿЩȻݻɡ
Ҷ㣬ҳķ򣬷ǳʺ
Ľ׵Ȳˣϣķ
ãշȥȥ
ҶĽ׸編ԼǰѰĺᡣ
վס
ķȫϾǧǰʮʤ൱һܻûɸģ
һʮĺͯסҶ㣬ʮֻһǶŽڵߣͷϻһ衣
λСΪҪסң
Ҷʮֺ棬ǰС˸Ŀ⣬ѲĽɫ
ƣҶ㻹ΣҪ磬׷ʧܡ
磬ӵʹãҲϡ档
˭ܵʲô
Скʮ־裬ĿҶϴ
ʵ磬һЩˣϣСָһ
ȻʮСﵽ۷̶ȣĻΣĽ֮ϡ
֣Ҷ㶼ҪСӦԡ
˭
СкЩ꣬͵͵һЩĵĴȥ
ЩʧԽԽأλڣҶ㻹ҵˣ˽
һȺ࣡
粻ܳ࣬ñǰСкͲ࣬һݱɡ
Ҵطˣû࣬Ͻ뿪ȻҪˣ
Скһ仯ȻһìԭղŵĺǶǳìǰĺӧݱ䡣
Ҷ벻ô˵־ͳ֣κء
ȻˣҾ͵ˣ
ҶһץìҶ۷൱һƷ۳̶ȣҶ׵Ľ֮ơ
ֻһУҶס꣬ҶѲȥ
ܿǼ֣׷׳֣Ҷѹ
ôҪǶǿԽɱ¾֮ĳ̶ȣҶҲֻ룬⵽׷ɱ
ʱ䣡
綼˲ü˿ƣĳЩϹŶע⡣
գۼҵĹϿͻȻ˲ƣǿϢѹ
һŮǵǳĸߣﵽƷƷ۳̶ȣǳĿɲ
࣬Ҷ֣
˵мӣһǳ̣֮Ҳ磬磬Ρ
Ҷ㣬óȻ磬дţ뼸λǰ£
ҶʮòϾ˼ҵϣһƷۣܽѹ
ʲô
Ӳһ˿飬Ͼݻ˼άḻ
ȻǰҶ㵱С͵ȡǵ
ǰҪᣬ磬ֻѰ࣬ϣǰָһ
Ҷ㲻ΪǿߣŵԼ̬ܲܶϹҶҪðգҲãҲգҶ㶼Ҫǰ
磬û˵࣬ȥҿ㲻
һӣҶ㱻ˣƷۣǳĿɲͶ֮䣬ɽɱҶ㣬Էˮһ򵥡
ǰϢŭҲǣǲ뿪ģǰ֪ǰȫ
ҶվӣЭ˵ĻҶĿҪҵᡣ
ٲ뿪ݹҲˣնɱ
ɫʱޱѿɱⰻȻһĽ֣Ȼǳݻ
ǣɱңҲ뿪
ҶһȻ֮ɫԷҪɱԼͲ˵ôˣ϶ʲô顣
Ȼ㲻ģҾͳȫ㣡
һɿɲĽ⽫ҶûɲǼ䣬Ҷʧȥ֪ƷۣȻûл֮˫֮Ĳ̫ˡ
ĸ磬Ԫзֲ
Ҷ·һƬ磬ʧȥ˸֪ʲô飬ŬҪ˫ۣƤޱȳأ˯
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҶʹĵʹϮȫǽ˺
ѵû
Ȼʹ࣬϶ûѵˣ
˫ۣҶ㿴һӵķ䣬ʮ֣Լѵ뿪硣
ˣ
ʱ򣬷߹һŮʮ߰꣬毺ãҶһɨȻݻʵʵࡣ

ҶŬӣܶ⵽˽Ҫһʱ޸
ѵ֪𣿡
ŮĴҶ㣬ǵһοİˣʮֺ档
ҶãȻҡҡͷȷ֪ںδ֮Ҷʧȥ֪
֨
ű򿪣һ׺֣߳ﻹһȡ
үү
ߣŮı߹ȥʮ棬Ⱦһ˿䷲
СٻȳȥҸλЩҪ˵
үӰŮˣȻԸ⣬ǲΥүү˼
ߵߣߴһҶ㣬ϣĿĶҶ㡣
˭ôҵ
ߺʵҪ˽Ϣ
Ҷ㣬Ҫҵǿĺᣬҵ磬м䷢ʲôǵˣ
Ҷʵʵ˵ߴԲ
ǿ֣߻һȻΣǱҶ㷢ˣʮֺ棬ѵʶǿɡ
ô֪ǿ
߼ʵûи֮ǰҪ
޿ɷ棬ûµĻˣ
ҶǿվҪ뿪飬Ҷ㲻й¶̫ࡣ
򿪷ţͻȻ׵˸׵ϽϢǴӵϺܶɢȥÿ˺ɢ׵ĵ
⡭
Ҷˣˣľ󣬹ŴˣôԼ磬ֿɲ׵硣
ǡǿĺᡭ
ҶͻȻתӣʮּȵĳʵ
ûĺᣡ
һûǿûʷ֮УܼסˣмҶȻ϶Щϸ


1868 ص
ͻȻ¶Ȼ֮ɫǵ档
Ҷ¶ϲɫû뵽ᣬѵ
֮ۻÿһˣЩᣬ׷סˣͣס壬֮۴ϴ
ͻȻ£ûκεԥ֮һ̣ԥĹҶǰ
μˣ
ʮѵǸ壬ˣϹԸ
ɣ˵˵⵽ô£ôܵˣ
Ҷһ֣վʮֺ棬ôܵˡ
˵
źţһЩ׷ǰ׼ãӭ˵Ľ١
һʱÿʮ׺ߣһ¶֮ɫӭҶĵ
ˣǣڰʮˣ
ղڷ߽ǣǿĵϵᣬʱʮÿһҲ꣬Ҳǧ֪꣬ȥ˶á
Ҷ˵ͷǱȽϺ棬ǵڲ硣
˿϶棬类ɱôܵˡ
ܿҶ̫ɻ֮ɫֱ˵˵
ʵﻹ磬δɱ֮󣬴
ǻ˵Ȼ磬δ뿪ʮˣƺ档
棿
Ҷɻ֮ɫʵһֱݣҶ㲻⡣
˵Ϲʱڣǧǳǰ֮֮ߣô׵֮紫棬һֱǷһһ顣
Ҫⲻ׵֮׵֮֮Ի͡
ԭˣ
Ҷˣǧ˿ƵĹϵ˫һá
ȻˣȻҲҪ뿪ˣҫ
⣬ԵޱȾ񣬸壬һֱ׷Ŀ꣬磬Ҳ֮١
ʮ壬Ҳֻһ࣬ǿ࣬ñǰǣƷۡ
ϧûи߼ۣһ壬ӵǿߣߣһƷۡ
õݣҶҲǰľҺѾﵽƷۣȻ޷һ׷Լ
̸һʱ䣬Ҷһ峹˽⣬ʮˣĶԼԷǳ֮󣬵ƾۣͷǳǿ
ԸһţҶ㼸ռϷ磬ʮҶ㻹ǲϾûи߼ۡ
Ϣһ죬ǴҶμλǰһЩϹŶûг֣ӴǵĻǽֵǣĽ׾Ȼվڽߡ
Ҷ㣬ݼǰ
Ҷʮֿлɱ֮
ȻˣϽ߰ɣ
һ˿飬Ǳԭģ࣬ӵиӵ˼롣
ǣ
ҶҲöයȥһ죬ὫΪԼĺ԰Ϊá
ϰףߣ
Ҷ㺰һ䣬ϰ׸뿪
Ҷ㡭
ϰ¶Ϊ֮ɫҲΪһӣ˵£һֹӡ
ôˣ
Ҷüͷһ壬Ľײ뿪˰ɡ
뿪ˣԼ߰ɣ
˵һ䣬ͬǽ飬Ľ׵ȼ̫ͣýƲ𣬴úõ̡
Լ˼
ҶûпǿĽס
ҲԸ뿪ղŽǰӦң̶ȣ꣬Ҿͻ뿪磬׷㣡
Ľ֪Ҷߣǳ飬޷ﵽ߶ȣĽһʵ
Ҷ˼һ£ĽԼȷʵ󣬻ҪѰҴĲϣ֮УѰҵĲϣ֮٣ʮţһܴ롣
Ҷ㼸꣬ҲδܰĽ磬ԣ⵹һʵ
ɱ¾ֻ֮ͬҪҵ̶ܰȡ
ҶĿǰ磬ȥֱԸҲҪڵȵȡ
Ǻã֮㣡
Ҷԥһ£ӦĽס
ҶӦĽ˷ܵҶ㲻ӦҲԹԵĸҶ뿪ҶûôĽ¶֮ɫ
඼̰ģõΪУҶʮ֣һĸԸΪ
ΪĽ壬粢ӭմȾϢҶߡ
֮һȫս֮УҲѡһˣΪĽӰˡ
ȻûҶ֣ҲѡѡΪ
׳࣬ˣ
Ҷǰվһɢ绡֣꣬ﻹһ޴˿˿׵Ӵ淢Ҷģʮơ
ܺãʷǳڴ񴫳У
Ҷָһ㣬Ĵн׳Ժ֮У֮׳ٵ
һ壬Ҷ뿪磬ص˾ǽ磬ǰú֮Ҷ뿪ƵѾҵλá
֮£Ҷ㽫ǽŲ󣬷˸֪
һ帨ǽʱûΣգʱ䣬Сľķǳ죬ѾеӰӡ
ؾǽ磬ħһ𹥻ȻҶΣǺܴ
վ룬Ҷ½żȻ㣬ݱʬһпһտɫϣҶѰ涼ûҵ
Ŀⶨڵϣѵݱʬһ壬䵽˵ϲɣ½ûй
ǧ磬ͬҶ׼ص򿴿ܲҵݱʬһ壬˳鵱Ϊ½
˺ѿռ䣬Ҷ㾭ܵ㣬ҵټ֮ң
ôԶľ룬оʮʱҲﲻ˺ѿռ䣬ҲҪһʱ䣬ҶȲôˡ
½϶ͨ˲ִ
˺ѿռ䣬Ҷ뷲磬ص˻ƳǣܵϢ
ϸãҶҵһ۴Сĳ涴ûв´˳涴Ž½
涴λڵҶҵϿգҶ˺ѿռ䣬涴֮Уû
ǿҵ˺֮ˣҶ·ȥһôȵٴλָߵʱͻȻһ̶֡
ǲǣżȥͶ̥
һӴӳԴͻȻһӰǰײȥ
˼
Ҷ㱧Ǹ˵һ䣬ʮˣȻûԡ
Ͻ뿪·м䣬Ҷվкϣˣƺ뿪ʮǰʱ䷨򣬸½ȫһ
Ǹɽķ࣬Ҷһ£ɽȥʮ꣬ǵʱҲʮң仯Ǻܴ
Ůãһһꣿ
ҶסһǳŮʮʿһ䡣
ŮҶһĴ磬ЦΪҶĸ׵ġ


1869 С
ҶһĴ磬ŮЦͣϸۿҶòȻѵõӡ
20201111գǹڣ
Ů˵뿪ˣŸ߸ЬҶһԭء
Լ뿪Ѿȥ15ʱ䣡
Ҷϸϸһ£ʱ䣬򼸺ûжı仯ֻǽֵϸɾһЩøǣҶֻñ١
ѹ˼£һͷϢƵ˲䱬ѣܲˣһͨģҶߡ
ǰһ飬ҵᣬ֮ߣҪġ
ȻҶڵ۹ѾپڴˣǷ棬ǧ硣
ĳҶ㲻֪ӺһԵôİĵѾǨ˸¥á
ҵһ̳Ҷ㾲ԭأʼ㣬ȻԪܶãڡ
һܵ㣬ݱʬĺȻУǳĽӽҶʮֺ档
ȷε˵ֵ½϶ɺϡ
Ҷֻ׶һ۵ĵײʮ֮ǰļȫʧ
ָҶ˳ŵ·ܿһ޴Ի͵Ľǰкܶ˷ӵļȥ
̫ˣڸ㵽һųƱ
һСҶ߹˷֮ɫҶȫû⡣
磬ǼȫûΪϡ棬Ѿǵ⽨ˡ
˷ٵӿһһĽ棬Ҷİϧûл
ҵһ˵طҶһΣʧԭأ棬ҵź
ڳ룬һ̨ҶѾ³ĳ￪ݳᣬϻһʱ䣬ػ
Ҷҵһĵطųأɨÿһ󶨸ڵ£ܶ˶æµ
ڿ̨ܣܶౣѲӣ˳
ڳܣһźҶ㿴˹ȥһӰĳںϡ
ҶŮǰŮȻ̸ǰһڵ˵ԲŴĴŮκһˡ
дСӣõģҶҲŮӽʲô
ǵ󣬷С
ͻȻǳܵĵƹͻȻ᳡磬ЩŮһС
һɫȹֳֻͲСŮˣŶʮ꣬һԳĽëķǳȳƣ޳ĴȣŲ̫ߵѥӡ
֬Ƥǳİףڳ֮Ŀռ䣬ܳˮ飬ǳѵá
òȻض˵׵ݣЦһСѣǳˣܽ˵ڻ
Сֵһ̣ЩŮ׷ˣȫǰҪۿܱס׼
СųֵŸ֣֮Ϊʮһΰɤӣʹòħģһҹ֮
һиͻȻСĳĿռ䣬¶֮ɫ˷տ֮
Ҷ޶ԣüͷһ壬ղʶ鿴һСϣȻеĲ̫ˡ
ݾߣҶݳ֮ȥѯʣѵݱʬĺ᣿
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׸ʱ򣬷СͻȻֳһƬڣʲô顣
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ΪǷСˣƣ׸ʹˣ˺Եġ
췽һٽͣԭƱҵźһЩ
ҽԺ棬֢СԼСʱˣһֱûѵļ
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ڻģкܶصĹңҾ֮һǶǾңϸȴô򵥡
ҴҲмˣĩȵȣͲˡ
ҽŮĲôˣ
üͷ壬ôһŮСΪಡѧڼɡ
иɤӣһ֮Уɤӱ˷֣һգ̶һʱ䣬ϱ
СĲԽԽˣλԹʱãҲ¡
ҽûм˵ȥʮҽ飬ȻҲС嵽ô£ÿηԣžǻԡ
ʱͻ˥һΣһ죬ڻʮ죬ȥԼͿˡ
ˣ֪ˣȥɣ
ص˵ͷôЩ꣬׹ңСȥûһܲ鵽ԭ򣬷·ĳֶʧ
ָƽֻʣ·ظӣڲϵķС
أһҪ취ȾСҾôһŮǧ£
ص֣ܻѶǮҪκСĲ
İɣСûµģ
ӵļõģ޾֮·ʵڲУȥңû£κСĲ
ҿԽ𣿡
⣬ͻȻһӣŴʮ֣ȲǹŴˣҲִˣϴŵϻǿʽδֹ
ǣ
ܶԷͨûͬ⣬Ҷ㻹˽һ۴ϵķСڿһ۷أ֮УͻȻ˸֮ɫƺʲô
ҽҶ㣬κµĲ
ҶֱԲ˵ҽˣҲܾȻοֻһּ
κҵŮ
ץסҶֱۣǷأϳֹ֮ɫҶ㴩Ŵ磬ִˡ
ǴũҲڴ̫Źˣ֪ΪǴӾҽԺܳ
Ҷ峺òҲΪŮӼ϶Ϊ֮
СǺ鷳
Ҷ˵ͷС֮Ҫʧˣһʧȥͻڵϴǧ꣬ѾҪƵˡ
ߵߣҶʶһɨַСҪĻҪãһԭǳƤ֮һѪɫԵó
ָڷСϣһ˿ȥ俴ǷػͻȻһ˺ü
أôˣ
俴Լɷɫʮѿʵ
û£
ЩӣҲЩţѵֻ֪˭ҲôЩ꣬ϸ
̽磬磬з˵Ӱӣ鲼ȫء
֮󣬷С˫һȿҶףǿʵò÷СͻȻһΣ侹Ȼ˾ӡ
ˣˣ
ǰȥϽסСС֣СҶϣ̫ˡ
лκСŮ
߹Ҷ֣ͻȻһǿҶ㣬ȴʯ󺣣Ҷһһޱߡ


1870 صȥ
Ҷ΢΢һЦû⣬ɿصĴ֣ԷҲһӣϧҶȣֹ֮
ڵҲһ֣Ҷ㴵ɻ
ȻûˣǻؼңҶû£ɷǷһۣҲǸмСŮ֮飡
ͻȻҶ㣬ղŵκܿʧû뵽ҶĻҪɲ
ãҲҪ̸̸
Ҷûоܾ㷶ز룬ҶҲȥ
һʱ䣬Ҷʶÿһ䣬صİĽ󣬻ηѷ֣һЩ̵ĵطҶ㶼һ顣
ֻвٹϧԴޣҪ쾳磬ǳ֮ѡ
ΨһܵĵطҶŵһʱϵ񳲣ֵﱻը½
һôɺϣ·Ҷصʮǰ
ܿ˳ԺҽԺҲ֣СΪͻȻѹҾܺãǳ֡
Ҷ㣬˭ðġ
ӳֿϣҶںСڶ棬һ·ϷС񲻶ϵĴҶ㣬̫ˡ
Ϊδô죬еķװ𣿡
СΪַװҶʵ
Ҷһͷߣ֪ôشܸܲǴġ
񣡡
ͻȻȳԼŮһ䣬ǵ÷СͷҶһǳĿɰ
ܿ쵽һӿȥǰ򿪳ţҶ߳
˸ֺıȫð
ͨǰռƽıӵԼĻ԰ȻӾأһƬ԰϶棬¶֮ɫ
Ҷ㵹ãϿһ˿ҶԵһ磬˵ƽԣҶܵһ
߽ӣҶ㱻ؽе鷿׼κ̤롣
£ĿԣЩţ֪οڡ
ҲĨǣǲݱʬĺᣡ
Ҷʱޣڵ붺̫ãϻȥ֪ǽûΣա
ݱʬ֣ͻȻվʼ

ػһߵǰ棬סһŶƷŤһ£ԼֿһŻ
ĵƹȫ𣬷нȥҶȻһҡ
ңûʲôװΣֻһЩԼܶϵľᣬڵϣ
Ŵ֣ЩᣬƤЩƤ겻ɲǵϵҰ
ǽϣ˺ܶ໭񣬴ԶһЩȻǹŴʱڣһ㵽ʱڡ
ֻһҶߣݱʬĻ
أݼλڣڵȵˣ
ѾʮˣڵȲͻὫ֮λһˣȴһֱȵ˳Ϊֹ
ô֪Ҿˣ
Ҷʮֺ棬Լδչ¶ۣ֮Ҳû˵ݣؾͲ³ˡ
֮κСŮһ̿ʼҾͿʼˣղᵽݱʬ񣬵û֪֪Ҳ񻰣֪ݱʬĺᣬĴڡ
ûվӣҶֻоηҴһ¡
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Ҳǻɵģһǧǰݱʬһ壬ֲ֣ڻˣǹҵѷǸ޷
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İɣݱʬһʱͷģһ˻ع飬岻ݴǵ׷˵ĽŲ
ϸڷҵ˲ÿﶼһܣһ˻ˣñȷСѹʲôĺᡣ
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һ֣˵׷Ҳܶ಻֮ˡ
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Ҷһ֣һʧ֪ܵȥˡ
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ССյҶǰ죬һҲߣǵλ
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ҶЦһΪħҲС
췶СһֱҪҶ׶ÿһ䣬Ա˸ֺóԵġ
ҹ
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һӣʼٵı仯ʱڵˣһصʮǰ
û񳲣ʱδǨһĹҶ¡
Ϥĵ磬ڵңһˣһľ֮ɫǵҶ㡣
ͻȻ
һ˴˴֣Ҷˣ괩Խ½
٣
ҶüͷԽԽ֤ԼżȻȻһ֮С
һӣʱ䷨ı䣬ܿҶʮҵʱ򣬵ʱ䷨ƬˣҶҲʮ֮ǰκεĶ
ƺûôֶȫĨһƬհףҶõصǧǰȴҲʮ֮ǰκεϢ
һʮ꣬ڵ£Ժ֮Уӵ䣬ܶ鶼֪һЩ֣֪ʶǱǿйȥ
ȻҶûзмֵĶҵһЩ˿СݣһʮֹϵŻ޾Ĳɣ
컯֮Ÿ֮ŻӾԶԪ֮Уԭʼ֮
ҵļ䱻ˣѵֻдﵽ߼ۣܿӡļ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷһӣʱصϾŵ㣬һҶϢ뿪
ֻҪҵŻҶҵ֮գѾһЩüĿ˽͵ڹһЩ֪ʶ٣֮ص½
Ҳ涴ҲΪٳȻ겻ܴԽôԶľ롣
ʱ䣬ҿʼ˸ϻ˼壬Сʮ⣬ܶѹʶ


1871 
ȻʶܶˣǶշǷӵܣֻ֣һˣܶȢӣֻԼһ˸ˡ
Ժ棬СҶ㻹ˣͯδ֮󣬸Ҷ㣬Ѿֲˡ
ãҶֻҡͷЦԼѾӵʮӣȻȾָС
ǷСɣٲȻҶ㵱һΪ⼸ʱ䣬Ҷ㲻̸£֪ʶԼѧʶ÷С
ϲһˣҲһҲһˣҪ̫ɣҲҪջۡ
ָоҲһǱһ񣬾鶨
Ҷү룬˲඼ˣȥᣡ
ܼˣʮֿĶҶ˵
ãȥ
ҶվӣСȻģС죬קҶֱۣҲҪһȥ
С㣬㲻ȥ
ܼס˷СμӣҲǷص˼ʱû߷СΪͻȻ϶Խܡ
鴦ˣԸ뿪ڵ
СĹĵ뿪ˣصԼķ䣬Ȼ˳Ŵĵȥ׼ȥ͵ǿʲôᡣ
޴ǧˣ˿ˣһٶ档
ϵҲ̽һȥ쵱ĴڣҲҪͨǿܶࡣ
Ϊϼ壬̲һ㣬̸ڣٹ̣ŴôʵĻ
вܶˣǸǰμμᣬܶˣǵһβμӡ
֮ǰ֪ǸһйϵֻΪͬնѡ
һЩ곤֮⣬ԷûжٹУϾִᣬΪԼ
ش̤룬ϻһװʮ֣أΪ׵λϡ
Ա߻һλãΪҶԤģϿʼ
Ҷɨңڷصߡ
ͻȻҪ֪ΪͻȻټǣܶ˶ԱǲǼﳤյϢǰ
ʱдʵڲ˼϶Ҳʱ䣬ˣ
վӣұһȭʮֿĿס
أͻȻҴҵǹ׷ʲô飡
һʮɫʽʵ
幫ʵǷҵǧ꣬ڵȵˣ
Щ֮һֱһ𣬾Ϊ˻ǡ
ֻһЩüͷһ壬֪˵ʲô˼
ȵʲô
׶βҲǷҵˣʱѯʵʮ꣬ԷһЩ鲻Ǻ
Ҳ¶ڴ֮ɫڻģλͬһ㣬ѵ滹ʲôɡ
ȵǵˣ
ȻվӣĿ⿴Ҷ㣬ص磬Ҫһ뿪
ǣ
ԽԽãس׸Ϳˡ
û뿪򣬻صӦȥĵط
һ֣֮ɫѣǼоȨȻܶ˵һβμӼ飬ǵĳ϶֪Щ귶һֱϵҵѪܶϡ
ʲôЦ뿪ڵļִܵ򣡡
һ֮Աǣʮ꣬ŶȣѹûаѷصĻ
һǵ͵ĸżǮһĿһеӡ
ЩΪˣΪҲҶ㵽״ѵ򲻳ɡ
Ҿһѵѵ𣡡
ֺܱģͻȻǳһ䣬ʱҲű죬˻¶м֮ɫ
أ㵽ʲôл˵ƨţ
ղ˵ֱȫѷط׷СǿԤ˫Щ⡣
غݺݵĿһ꣬û⣬ǿҶ㡣
ڳܶ˶֪Ƿһصļ壬мǧˣ̳ʼǷҾһֱڣʵۣ
ػ˵ҵʷֻסһЩϼ֪ʱǨ𽥱ҡ
Ժܶණ֪˼١
㿪ʲôЦȻܹ˵˵ˣ
վȻҪߣΪطˣǶԷسеӡ
ɺ֣˵ȥ
һߺȳһ䣬÷£֪ЩϹŶҵʷʹǲ֪Ҳ
ڳҲвŮĿҶϴһֺ㴺ĸоһۣ̹ʮ֡
ȻҶţ˽ͣǷҵʷ
صĻôԽܣֻҶˡ
ҺãҽҶ㣬磬ĿģǽǻؼңصӦȥĵط
Ҷ㲻˵ڳȻЩ֪ҲͬѰһֱΪǵļңѵǵļҲ
⣬һСԴˣǷС͵͵˳Źܵ
žણ
СҶĻͻȻӹܵˤõ䵽̨ϣ˶˹ȥ
ôܵˣ
ŭһǼ£һСŮӼҼңܹʲô֡
ҲǷҵˣȻʸ
ССͷ᷶أߵһŮǰ˵Цһǰʶϵܽ
ðģ磬ô˵ģ
ЦҶƭ˵ı̫ˣôƵĻ˵
ڿ˵ȻˣҾʹȥ
ҶЦе˵һӣһʧˣȵһָߵʱ򣬲ڴ֮УǳһƬش

ҶˣղŻڻңôת֮ܵʺĵطˡ
˵
ҶƯ֮ϣվˣǴϷŰı顣
һ۷ǲҪƭˣ
ǲţ϶Ҷʲôֶɱ˫ۡ
ǿ쿴ǲǵ򣡡
һտɫˣǵ򣬴Ͽȥǳ
ǲΣ
˺ݺݵһԼĴȣĵʹᶼ
ⲻΣģϣ
һȸԾţֻգۼĹôܵˡ
Ҷ㣬ҲҪɣһȥ
СҲҪҶһܷ
ָһ㣬СվҶߣǳ
λ˰ɣݱʬĺᣬħսʮķѣ䵽˵򣬵ȴ˵Ļع飡
Ҷ˵ϣһ˺ܶࡣ
ɵһʵҶ˵ǿԳˣ
Ҷ㣬ȥ˵ĵطɣҲҪɣ
Сûûε˵ȲҪȥǸ翴
ʮѾҵʮһһܴ룬ʱ䣬ѡѡԸߵģ뿪ǧ궼⡣
Ҷջ˵һֱ׷Ķ
Ҷ㣬𣿡
ʮֺ棬Ҷʵ
ϱչҽӦͳ꣡
Ҷûѣڤ߰ǧ꣬ƽʱչء


1872 ı
ҶĻôٴ𺳣һ࣬ȵʷҪԶ
Ҷ㣬˵֮У𣿡
ղŵ幫˳Ҫˣ磬ǿٻܶ꣬ʮּȵʵ
Ȼ֮Уǧ磬˵࣬磬磬磬ħ磬ʥȵȣֻһһλ涼㲻ϡ
Ҷ˵ʵʲôǣϵƻ½
ֱһɨһʧص˻֮УǴҵı˷츲صı仯
˶˽ǷҪҶһЩϹŶȻϣϾûжˡ
Ҷ㣬ȥˣһɷУ
幫ʵǹĵģܲɷС
Щǲ⣬Ǹ磬ȻûִķչԽ˵ʮ꣡
Ҷָһ㣬һ幫棬һ仯ܿһʵꡣ
̫ˣҾҪȥ
˿ʼģҶһ뿪
ҲҪȥ
ܳɲ˭Ҳڵмʮͻͷˡ
飬˭ҪйܳȥݹҲ
Ҷ˴ҵԸй¶ȥҶһʱնɱ
ڴҶȥɣ֮Ըһ뿪ˣϵ
ؿˣʱվҵ˷֮У˵ȥȥʰ
ٵģǾ̵ģûʲôҪҲ˲Ը뿪˵ٻ
һָƽǷزƽˣҶ㾴
ֻзСһˣȻҶҶ㣬Щ˯ҪҶһ
ֻܿЦԼŮܸҶߵһףԺҲй⡣
ݱʬһ壬˭Ϊߣ
֮УҶ㳯ʵ
Ҷ㣬ǧҲҳʮ̫꣬ɷˣ㻹ǺСɣ
֣Ҷ㶼˼ˣⲻ˱
УСʲô
С§Ҷĸ첲ͬҶ㺰С˱֡
ҶһۣЦѡ
ĿǰΪߵҲֻңһЩˣ
˵ʵ飬ʱ仯Ѿ𽥱̭û˶
ȻˣΪݱʬļ̳ߣ̳ݱʬһҫ
Ҷָһ㣬һ뷶صĻ꺣֮У߻һһ仯ܿһģ
ѪȫݱʬĴҶ㻹ûõȰ磬ϴ
ŸױģСȵС춼ϲϣվһ𣬲֪Ϊˡ
лˣ
عҶ˼ͷ
ɣ
Ҷ˰֣ʮԽԽһ룬Ҷϯ֮ʱ
ˣˣ
ͻȻʲôҶ߽鷿óһµĺӣҶ
Ƿһֱıѵ˵Ƚǵ˵ˣҪ
ʮֹ˵
Ҷ˵ͷûв²⣬Ӧݱʬһױ
ݱʬףĸڣ֮Уﶬݱʬƿء
һ
ҶһػзСһʧħ֮С
ڵͻƣ϶ܲס˲佫
ħڵʱ䣬һ죬ǧ꣬ҶҪǧʱ䣬Ǿ
֮Уӵжѻɽĵҩÿ첻ϵĿŵҩٵ
򿪺ӣڷöҶӣĸڣҶʶܿ룬ڼݱʬ
ˣ
Ҷ㣬ݱʬʱΪһƲʣʱ꣬ʱѩ
˼򵥺Ѽ䣬ݱʬϾҪɢȥ֮ǰҶһ磬˲忪ƷﵽƷۡ
ǧʱ䣬ҶټƷ񾧣Ʒ񾧣Ʒ񾧣ȹ̾硣
ԽڣҶҪԴԽ࣬Ҫݱʬ磬ٸҶһǧ꣬Ҳ޷ͻƵƷ
һǧʱ䣬˳ͻƵ磬˿ǳǿᣬѪɳҪ˿Ϻܶࡣ
С⣬һǧʱ䣬ͻƵһƷʣҶ㶼̾ΪֹΪȻǺʡ
Ҷ㶼㲻ͲӦóڵϡ
Ϣ˸ףҶǶôĿֲ
ЩҶ㽫˵һ飬֪ҶﵽƷۣظСЩԽܣǵĹ㣬ٻҪܴﵽ۷ʳ̶ȡ
ʱ䣬һζĳ˺ܶ˼顣
̽ͻȻʲȫȥӴԺң˼䡣
һЩԱǹΪͨˣ鱾ͺܹ죬ӹǣ˶շ
ǧ˾ۼڷңŮףϼҴڣǲݱʬᣬ뷶ңȢ˷ҵŮ
ڿظСʱɵˣСûԺȥʮֺ档
ܶĽȻǽˮ¥̨ȵ¡
ˣѾˣʲôʱ
ʶǿһɨˣҪ㡣
ܺã
Ҷһɨһʧ뵽֮Уɷظ
˲ÿտյҶϷСҲ뿪
Ҷ㣬Ҫȥ
Сʮ֣Ҷû뿪򣬶ǳܱ߼ҷɹȥ
һ֪ˣ
ȷɵ˵ϿգһɨеȫʧԴɿݣ˲䵽ʮ
С֪ҶҪʲôˣ¶˷֮ɫ
ʣµĽҰɣҲ棡
СһȦйҵȫʧʮꡣ
׹ϺнȫʧΪһԶţϵǣ׵ʧ
̶һʱ䣬𶯣ǵĺȫʧֻлһңӵгǿĺ˴
ʱҷ׷ʾãʮʱ䣬һͳ£ʲô嶼ҪӻָӣڵѾ˻Ĺú԰
˺ѿռ䣬֮ǰҶ㽫ĿһϣԺܺúϧ
涴һʱʱ䣬Ҷص˻ƳϿգɽ磬ڽ硣
¡
սǽҶܵԶռ˲ҵʼǽڡ
Ǵ첻ٸӭսСľĸ֮£ʱûжΣգʮ۸֡
ʵζƷۣݣ׵Ĳǽ硣
ҶʶһͻȻϱɱ˺ѿռ䣬˲ھǽڴ
ס֣
ҶһȣսͻȻֹͣǽʧˣ߼ʾʧˣ׷䡣
ľ棬ҶĿ£һУСˣЩȫ
Ҷ㣬ڻˣڣ
һۣȫƷҪҶնɱ
ƾȺҲɱң˶ɣΪҽƷ۵ϣ
Ҷһӣдӡ֡


1873 
Ʒۣû֮ǰҶ㻹ԶԸ
ϾƷۣͬҶͻƵƷۣ׵Ľ֮նɱ
ɱ
ҶɱȺ֮У¥ǵˣ׷׼սţҶع飬Ĵ
֮У˿һѪڡ
Ҷ˵û֮УȻǿߣ֪ĵط
꣡
һƷۣտҶ㣬ͱҶѪͳͳա
ҶͬһħƷۣǿ֮Ʒ۶ɳȥ
¶֮ɫŹȥ£ҶȻͻˣ¥¶֮ɫ
˼궼ͻһ磬Ҷ̶̴ʱ䣬ʹﵽƷۣ޵ȥˡ

ɱ¾

ֵʩչָأʮ۱ķ޷
߱ʽһʽһʽɢϢͼۣգۼĹ򣬾ͱѹһա
ʱ
ʱ֣ܿռޱȻƷۣٶȴҶǳõĻᡣ
Ż¡һƷ۱ķȫΪҶϡ
ͻƣ
ҶֻҪ㹻Դľ⣬ͻƵƷҲϡ档
˲ﵽƷۣʣ¼ŵûһ¡
ҶƷۣǶǶ֣ڴﵽƷɱˡ
ɣ
ҶһץʣȫΪϣҶȹ̾磬ըҶ㾳ڽܿﵽƷ۷塣
ԭһҵսǽ˶ΪһڽӣҶ֮Ķ
½˲Ǵӷһֱ׷ҶЩˣǳǾ˶ĥѣҶ㶼Ϊġ
նɱˣҶһɨǽرգԾǽʧ
ǽ֮У֪Ҷع飬»Щӷչǽϡ
ص˷ų˴Ľ磬֪ҪϵٱʮҪˣΨһľâᡣ
֪ݱʬᣬ׷ǰϣǾ硣
صõݱʬĴУֱӱչأСһ쵽Ҷ㣬ǿų̶ȣú
ǽѵӭһƽ򣬶ڷٷչԽԽ࣬Ѿ򣬷չǧˡ
ʮţ֪ȥȫʮŭЩ߼̲סˣ׷Ҫ֣նɱҶ㡣
䷢չȥ롣
ȵ߼۳ֵһ̣Ҷʧǽʱƶ˻ᡣ
磡
Ҷһ˺ڣֱ߽ȥ
ӡ޾ɽÿһɽҪߴＸʮʮֻԶϢ
缫棬ǵҲ࣬ǿĸӹɡ
ҶһѰڶҵâᡣ
˫£ȻЩðգҶȲˡ
ˡ
ռͻȻһ󲨶Ҷ壬ɫͷϷɹǳӴ֮
ǿᣡ
Ҷ㰵ľǧ磬һֱռݵһ֮ϣ֪ôֲ
Һ岻ϲ󣬼Ȳַ磬Ҳַ磬ơ
ǧ磬һʥȵȾӺ漸λʵȣֲ˭ڵڶ
ҲСӣܶ磬ҶҲһЩʧ
Ҷ㽫˴֮󣬽ǰ磬ҵʣµö˥֮ǰö
ΨдöлȹԪ֮䡣
ָ䶯Ҷ㿪ʼӦλãۣ֮͸ռ䣬ڸ֪˾âĴڡ
Ȼ磡
â棬ųľ֮ס
ѹֻеġ
䣬Ҷ㿿ղŸӦĵط羰һƬѵõԴ
âûжʧһΪ磬ûַá
ܶطٳũڸ֣һƬ͵Ļ棬Ҷǰ
һЩĺͯ﹡ϷٵıܣЦ
ͯĴߵ̸ĺ֯Ƭء
Ҷ߽ȥ˽Щͯ׷ܹһĺ֮ɫǲʶҶ㣬¶֮ɫ
ǵ峤𣿡
Ҷʮֿһ䣬Ϊâһ屣ãЩСǳǿ׳ϳҪСǿ׳ü
˭ΪʲôҪ峤
ЩСʮ־裬Сİʱ̱־֮ġ
峤Ҫ£뼸λСѴǰȥ
ҶóһЩǹЩСǹܿҶ߽կ
һЩ˿ܹסҶ㣬ûи£̤롣
˭ôҵģ
ˣһֱҪʮ棬ֹ࣬Ҳһڡ
Ҷ㣬ҪҪǵ峤
Ҷһ񣬷־Ȼ٣Ҳкüǿߡ
峤κˣȥ
׳ȳҶϽ뿪ﲻӭ
Ҫķϣƶֱӳˣ磬ҪǱ巢֣ҶҲⲻһ
ҶЦһ֮£ۣ֮֮岿䣬Ȼ֮䣬ǿϢֱ֣Ҷ
ˣ
ߣǾâһĺᣬȫ۸֣Ҷ㣬׷
ؿ
֮ĴУҶõڳ˵Ĵ
ߺܿҶ벿֮Уãǵȴһ̫ˡ
ٲ֣ǹƶҪˣѾ˥ڣܲأȹԪȫҪ˴ǡ
һ򵥵ʽ֮Уϼ飬Ҷһ뿪ǽ磬Ҷ㣬һͳǧ硣
Ϊâǧ꣬һܰߣҶ㲢δߴ٣ΪҪȥѰʮ֮ǡ
âĴУҶҲѡѡһӣﵽһƷۡ
ú
âнҶ뿪䣬ǰҵ֮
ҪҪ̶ֶȣȻ磬Ҷ㵱Ȼ
һƬеâ˶ֹ֮󣬾ͱĹ
һɭ׵ǰڷУ֮࣬أ˭Ҳ׼̤룬һ֣ɱۡ
ʱһӰϢĳ֣ͳʣصһʮʣ൱۷һ
ѾƷƷʣٸ֪ôǿ
ҶǰǴɼֻ֮ͨҪɱһͷܲɼõҶĿ겻ǵô򵥡
ﵽҲǾƷҪҵ۷֮䵽֮С


1874 ħ
ϢȫҶھħ֮УһǱȥ
ÿһʱͻɹѲһʶɨÿһ䣬һ̤㣬ᱻɱ
ҶҴһ£ÿһɹƷƷңǿͬ绹֮У޵еĴڡ
ҶƷۣսʤƷۣ޷սʤǲࡣ
һԶ룬Ҷٴγ֣ವһɢϢ
һ׳֣мδȫãɢǶʮֺš
Ҷ㲻Σâһ廹δʰҶҪȣһ̣ŵȡ취뿪˵ء
ھħ֮УһȻˣδʧ
رǻδõļͷѪҶ뼺һ뵽֮С
ЩȫɣȫпͻƵƷ۵ĳ̶ȣ
Ҷ¶Ц⣬֮ﵽƷۣҵ۽ױƷ
ѰҵöԴﵽƷ۵ĳ̶ˡ
꺣֮УڰŻѾ֣֮ţҶӵŻʵڷ
ħűҲﵽ˰䣬Ҷÿһֵ⣬ʼݱɰ壬ѾأͶ֮䣬ѡ
׼ʱ䣬ÿѲӵʱҶͷգ뿪ա
һȥˣٴѲߴ˵صʱͻȻͣס壬Щԣʧ˲٣ļٸɱԭѪʧ١
ʮ֣֮ãȻ궼ʧЩã硣
ѲһûʲôҲṳ̂ĺۼֻ뿪Ҷա
ʱһȥת֮ȥʮʱ䣬âһȫϣȴҶĽ١
֮͸գ־âȫҶ¶һߡ
ƴˣ
Ҷڹ˼ɲôˣ绢񣬱ҪؿݽԽԽء
ʧһ˲䣬ҶͻȻ֣һУǺȫʧҶսħ֮С
˺ѿռ䣬ʧԭأ֮󣬳ھâ䡣
ȫսȥҶ㼸ûκεͣԵٷȥ
Ҷ뿪岿伸Ĺ򣬴ͻȻһŭ֮ŭ
Ȼ˴ʵĹǺŭ硣
ʱ䣡
ˣһҶ׷죬Ҷойǿҵɱʹ֮һ䣬ʧ硣
׷ڵʱҶʧòʿһ
࣬Ȼܵңǣ
һʷˣҲûг飬Ǳ˵ߣֱܴ衣
ߣǲҪ׷ȥץ
һɫʵ
ǰǧ綯Ϣʥ廢ħҲʼһƬңóȻ磬϶Ҫ鷳
˼һ£Ϊһģվڵϣϱ黹Ǵŷŭ
ǵȱǶ˴ˣòԺ㣡
Ҳ׷׻Σģվڵϣһߣǳ
ĺǵȻҪûƣȥ磬Ҫ෢ҵ࣬溡Ǵ
磬϶˫սʱ˭ãΨһİ취ǰû溡ǡ
ǣ
վһɫһɫһһĸܿ컯ΪһŮ
еɫۣŮɫۣܿ뿪磬ǰ硣
Ҷ㼸ûͣɻ磬ǽ֮չأɾâһһ壬Ųǽ磬ڼӹ̽ĺȡ
һεʱ֮УҶ㽫ʱ˼£һ죬漸ǧ꣬ҶҪǣƷۡ
֮󣬸Ů໥һ˫ޣǿٵ磬ҶڿԷһηֳʮͬʱС
Ҷ֮¥˳ͻƵƷۣǰġ
һҶԼٵĽ֮жȹһ꣬ʮǣƷۡ
֮ţ
һ޴ŻڿնҶ˵Żҵ֮ţ֮ţҶ㽫ῪһµļԪ
˿̵ѾͲסмȵȣַ֮类ռݣŭգǲĸ֣ǰ׷ɱҶ㡣
С֮УҶϥУ˫ֽӡǣüͷ΢΢һ塣
ô£һֱоĴûڲٿҵһһ
Ҷ˫оиܣһֱ޷͸
ҪʮһΣܴܲϣҵһЩ˿Ϊ֪ԼĴ۴Ҫ׷ɱ
ЩҶ㲻ţҶ㼸ûκˣΪҪ׷ɱС
ǲھǽ֮УҲв۸֣ӽʮңǳĿɹˡ
ҶɢһϢҪħȣʮŵһʽ棬ҵصѡĺȻħȡ
֪ϢһƬȻҶȻô󣬸Ҹа塣
˿һ¥֮ϣԶһʧۣһǳĴ
Ҫǰȥ
¥棬վںüۣʵ
۷Ĵڣ⵽ƣסˣ׼ԻҶ㡣
صޣɳǼŬȫ׷ˣ
̧ͷǿգĴһʧ˵봫˵֮е֮ţѰأһ֪
ǰ˳Ĭˣһսѣһսħ䣬һս޹⣬һս
ħȣ
žǻδɢ¾꣬ЩȻڡ
ҶȴħȣкһĻĻ
ǵõĦ޴۵ĴУҲҶ㡣
ǵõȪ۵ҲҶ㡣
ǵõһҲڵҶ㡣
֮壬ҲڵҶ㡣
ĸĴ벻˸ϵƺҶһУΧĴת
űغǣҶЩ۷׷¶Ȼ֮ɫһսǶжţȴû
Ͼ˺üˣֻЩϹŶμˡ
ȻҶ˼꣬Լ֮УķŹȥѡ
˼ķչӻԻ͵˥ڵԻͣ¡
ħȣֻ۲ʸ룬ǿ߶޷˺ѿռ䣬ħѾˣǧ硣
ݡ
ռһѷ죬ʮ۳֣ʮŶдĴ֮£ħȡ
Ҷһܵ˶ԷڣƣȻ˺üƷۡ
Ҷ㲻ƷҪսʤƷܣҶͲֺˣȫˡ


1875 
ܶԷȵϢҶһƷۣ죬ɢףɲ֮
ʮһͣҶ֮⣬ܿռڼٵŤ
Ҷ㣿
˵ˣһθҶ棬ķʽ
¾Ƕˣ
ҶûзϣֳҶ꺣֮ѾܾˣĦ޴Ƕμ䣬ȫ֪
Ҳİ
һʮҵӣԵеļƷ۷壬ŮΪ֮㵹
Ƿӣճһ·ˣ˹ƶἵʡ
ʦ棬˵ö֮
Ҷ˵֣ħ磬磬磬ȵȣնɱĦ޴ۣʦΪ
ȻĦ޴۵Ȧף
Ҷⷬ˽ˣҶĦ޴۵Ȧס
ЦȻɱ˵˫ۣҲ޷ϴˢʦʵ
ҶЦĦ޴۲ǷƭԼϾԼ̫ˡ
ǰҲᣬȻĴ۵㣡
һ䣬鲻˵ˣ˵棬ҶѾɳĴ۵ļıΨһİ취նɱҶ㡣
ЦҾң˭ֻ˰ˣҳɳҪնɱӶĴ۵ĴУһȺαӶѣ
ҶɱⰻȻȻҶɱһѪ·£Ҷ㲢ʲô˵ӣ֮жһ޶Ĵڡ
ߣظϻΪ˱صޣնɱһƽ
һЩۿȥˣ׼նɱҶ㡣
üͷһ壬ɱҶȻ򵥣˭֪Ĵۻûк֣Ҷֻһӣɱһеڶˣô죬ⶼһ⡣
Ҷ㣬ɢȥҿԴӦ㣬ٻ
ﲻɱ޹Ҷ޹ģֻҪҶɢȥһͨˣȻǾûвˡ
ϻˣҪսս
ҶøǷϻһ¾Ʒۣһ죬ҶҲԡ
ս
ҶЩ۷׷׷ŭͬҶһս
ҲԶΪףֻҪһ仰ǻԥɱȥ
Ҷ㣬Ϊľڵģ
Ϲž޲һ˿һ֣ʮ۳ˡ
˫һҶԲռκεƣھϣ̫ˡ
¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ճһѷ죬ѷһ죬һ޾ŻˣɢϵĲɣ
ͬһŻ֪쵽δҲ֮硣
֮ųˣ
һ۷Ĵ۾Ϊ֮ų֣뿪硣
ҶҲüͷһ壬Ż֮󣬸оЩƽ
ֻôһɲʱ䣬֮ŻʧֵһΣͻеڶΣԺԽԽƵ
ÿ֮ų֣ؾͻݽߣӭһԪֻн֮ţлܼԪ֮䡣
ߣǲСˣ
һЩϹŶ˵ˣĿʱǣҪնɱҶ㡣
¶Ϊ֮ɫѵĵ˵ͷɱҶһˣˣ˭㡣
ұ
Ҷ㵱Ȼ潻֣ܳԿҶĿģ̽Ŀڷ磬ǶԼбɱ֮ġ
¡¡
ħȱըһըҶ̻öһЩӽƷۣǾƷ۶Ҫâ
ߣ
Ѿ̽ҶͻȻ˺ѿռ䣬ŴһʧˣЩ۴С
ҶȻ˱ɣǰȦף
ȻʵǿЩƷۻܲ屻ը䣬һЩ˻Ϊ⣬䶯
ȻָԺԾҲһ˺
ܱ⣬ԶҶ̫ƻˣѹûӲӲֻ̽һ
ⷬ̽Ѿ֪ǵĴ㣬ҪնɱҶҲȡһЩж
رǶ̶̼£Ҷʮۣܵǿѹ
ʮϣһţҶȫаѹҲ˵Ҷ㱾ʵѾκһš
ǽ磡
˻˷ܲѣһȻûնɱۣϾشǡ
ֻҶһüͷ壬δöҶľϣΪ̽һΣҶһҲʧء
˫˭Ҳûֵôܾˡ
ûκεͣҶ׼ǰ磬Ѱ֮ԼͻƵƷۡ
Խ޾ʱգ֮Ҷ糾͵ĳڷڡ
ս磬꺣֮е·ҪҶ塣
Ȼ
Ҷ¶Ц⣬꺣֮еѾӦˣڡ
ǧǰʮ˶̻֮ܿУơ
ҪҶȥѰң꺣֮зԼϢҶҵںδ
֮УҲס࣬ҶҲûע⣬Ϊ˴˳ú
Ҷ˸Ϸ硣
һֱķ֣Ƿ֮ء
߹ڷܣϵĹݣӣ٣Ǻˡ
ҶܹһȦüͷ΢壬ǳɭϣ粻ͬûôţһͳΡ
ڽڴˡ
ֻܵˣ
Ҷ뿪ҵһסĵطϵʱ򣬴ԪԼȥͬҶһȥ϶ᱻ
ҹ˾ԪΪһ⣬˴ҶԪڳˣǳǿ
˲û֮Уû˸ӦΪԪ˭ҲֲˣͬͬԴĶ
ԪһҶԪִܿﶥˣһ·ϣ۸֣оƷ
һ㣬ĽƳ֣Ͱڷɢ⣬
ӦҶ꺣֮еöˣһǿ֣֮еһ
һ㶯˷֮иֳ֣߸˭ҵȡ
ã
Ԫʶ˲ֱӴ͸ƣ棬öһ֣˲佫֮еգںϵһ
֮еûκҪҶ꺣֮öҪǿ
˴
ֳˣҶԪм䣬ߡ
Ҷһӵöʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˭һӵö
Ҷüͷһ壬ԪͻȻΪһ⣬׼ߡ
ߣ
ܷҶ뿪ǷʧȥҲʧȥ֧
⻮ʣǿ߽׷ᣬҶߡ
ʧȥȻ޹⣬ٳʥ߶׷׸Ϊη⸱ģ
һϢÿһ䣬˵ˣϢԷ˵
ڶ֣׷۷ΧҶȻӣ֪˶پ룬ҧסʱ̱ǧ׵ľ롣


1876 
ԽԽƫҶѾԽԽĸֳ֣üƷһ֣Ҷ뵽޾Σ
ƴˣ
ǰһ޼ʵħɢħħӣҶȻһͷħ֮С
ɲħ˲Ҷʧ˷׷ͣ
Ȼħ磡
ǵĵģħǳĽҶԥĶħ磬磬Ƕ׷ȥ
ħ粻ͬһȥʵۿۣŪûᱻħĸնɱ
ͻȻҲ뿪ûбҪԪħ磬ǳΣգһħ۷֣롣
ŷ绹δգҲ뿪磬ħûʼԪϡ
˿ħ֮У޾ˣħҶҲǺ֮ǣرǾʦĶӣҶɽնɱҶǺ֮ǡ
ƵƵ׼Ҫʥ壬һַɽ磬Ҷǹͬĳˡ
ڲֹħ磬ʥ壬磬ֶһ磬ƶҪҶ㷢ˣʱȣҶʱԽԽ١
Ȼħ磬Ҷ̽һħľٶҵԪҶԼħʼͻƾ磬ȥ̽Ϣ
ʼܹħԼһڷ
ħ֮Уħشܿ켣ȥ䱸ɭϣҪǰϸ౶
ΪдħϢһ飬ħǣУҶһħҪĻҪǿ
ͻȻ
һɫӰ֣ҶǳϤʥʥŮħʲô
ҶѾﵽƷۣʵ죬סһħ壬Ϊģٿ룬ħ
ħ֮Уǿ߻ۣȪͳһħ磬ʱô꣬ħѾķѣڵħ֮УоʦƿأΪµħۡ
Уʦһ֮ɫʥãħҲҪСӦԣ˭֪ʥʲô⡣
Ҷ㻯Ϊһ볯У˫Ѿʼ̸
ʥŮͻȻ٣֪кιɣ
ʦƤЦⲻЦʵħʥôͻȻ١
ħۺþòɫҪǰӢðţҪ¸ħ飡
ʥŮһЦ⣬ħ۶棬ӶܻվŲ۸֣ħʵͬС
Ҫ£
ħ¶֮ɫûҪһ˵
֮ħ۱һһĴۻع飬㻹λ𣡡
ʥŮŵЦ⣬˵˾ʦʹһȪۻع飬֪ɱлˣ϶Ź
Ҫ˵ʲôֱ˵ҪĨǣ
ħ۰˰֣˾֪Ҫѡ
ҲϻˣڲֹħҪֹĴۻع飬磬磬ȵȣ취ֹ
ʥŮݷ˺ܶ磬һħ磬ñҶˡ
ϻ˵ص㣡
ħûȤϻʥŮԼ˵ħҲʮ˶ֹ
ҪֹĴۻع飬ֻһ취նɱҶ㣬Ĵ۵ɱĴ۵ļƻȻʧܡ
ʥŮһڰеҶһ
˵ʲô˼ҲֿҪնɱԼڷʱ򣬾ɳϹѩΪ
Ҷ㣡
Ҷ֣ħۺ޵ҧгݣԼĶӣҶ
ҿ˵ӾҶħҶ㣬ֻгޣʥҲһĿģһַ磬նɱҶ㣡
ʥŮ˵Լļƻʥ壬Ҫռ粻ôףҪħ磬ǾͲͬˡ
ҶĵߣûбҪȥŵѾܲ³ʥħ϶һ£һ
Ҷںֹô򵥣Ҫ磬ħ磬ʥ壬磬ȵȵ׷ɱ
뿪УҶصħͻȻüһ֮һ£ܵױϢ
ǵ۽ױ
ʮױҶõˣΨһǷȱľǵ۽µױʮâѾҶߡ
ԭҶ뿪ħ磬ֻڵȵˣҵױںδõױ֮У뿪ħ硣
˳ϢҶ֪ױħҲǻʳ棬ͷǳ鷳ˡ
˼ɲô࣬۽ױõܰҶƷۣȻԾƷۣҶҲ¡
ʳ֮У߽ȥˣʮɭϣױϢǴɢ
ӣ
ͻȻһ֣Ĵӣ֮󣬻ļ̳ˣȻȻ˴ӵ
Ҷüһƺ뵽˰취뿪ħصħ֮С
ҹ
Ҷ뿪ħΪһӰٴħ׼Ӵ֡
ħһ࣬ħдʥŮԼ޹Ժ֣ûжӵвڹ÷ǳ
ǾѵĻᣬʥŮ뿪ħʶḲħʱҶҲûлǱ
޹֮УЦŮӳ֣źӡ
֮ϣͬһĴͼݱģŮ໥ϣ治ֱӡ
ҶϢĳ֣ƹ󴲣ܿ滹һң͸ۣ֮ڵ»д洢ĵҡ
ûҵڣҶصңһץܱסˣͻȻһ顣
˭
ȵӦʱѾˣҶʶǿн֮꣬Ȼ
֮Уڷ󲿷ֶǴӶħòʹ
ЩӲñ
ҶһɨЩȫʧһҶǵ۽ױ
һ֮Уһ壬öƴСĹǴãѾüˡ
ûͣҶ뿪ħһħ۷֣롣
վ֮ϣҶ¶һߣŵƻԻ͵ħЦ̫ĺ塣
ȻʥħһҾһ񣬲ȻԲǣ
һЦҶ뿪ħ磬ʱħ֮УɢЦ
ףκ죡
ħƱʥŮ˸һ۷׷һף
ӣħͣ㲻ܽȥ
Ҫȥס
ҸҪϽÿ
ʮƿֱ˽ȥ
֮Уɢ㣬и輧ڱݣħ۸ʥŮУΧߡ
ʲô
ħƺϲԼӣڶˣֻܰϣϡ
ʣҪ
¶һĻߣͻȻһƣ
ֵˣӵͻȻʹǴ˲һԲΡ
䣡
ӵͻȻˣԱǳĿɲȻۣҲǾƷʣޱȡ
ҲһööըЩͼ۸ܲסըѪģֱ

Щ輧ǵ͵ħ壬ʹĲҽУͬ˼ǲ֫ϱۣǳĿɲ
ʥŮħۣ͸ǺĵһЦɣ
Ҷˣڴ֮лصħһϢǿбѹȥԼһӣҲֻʣһ̯ˡ


1877 
ָƽˣħʧʮۣƷ۾ռˣը֮¡
˭뵽ͻȻһԱ壬ħĴˡ
Ҷ㣡
ʥŮϤҶղЦҶ㷢
Ҷ֣ħҧгݣӣҶһôʵȥ
ȥʮ֮ʥ壬磡
ħڷŭˣʮ֮󣬹磬նɱҶ㡣
Ҷص磬۽ױ˳ͻƵƷۣھҶҲһս֮
ǽҲ𽥳֮УҶ㲻ڶزأӰھǽڡ
ˣ
Сľˣֳֻ֣Ӱֱԭء
ľ
һһӰ֮ɫСľѾɳΪʥǾƷۣԽ֮նɱ
ãǽ绶ӭ֮
Ҷھǽڲ𣬴һץһһŮץ˽ȥ޷֮
ǵҶϴȥʱ򣬲ƷۣɳƷۣѹҶ㣬˭֪Ҷڴﵽ˰Ʒۡ
һ֮УҶЦǺǵĿǶЦˡ
Ҷ㣬ôĵӣȻ͵ǣ
¶ŭ֮ɫȻЩ£ĵϣҶԹԵĽ庡ǡ
һȺѣԼϴ󣬼Ȼǽˣҵɣ
ҶЦһ˵ĺһ壬ҶһȺ棬Լǿǧ֮ס
ң
ҪԺк棬޷صˡ
ʲôң
һץ޷Ҷǿӡǣ걻סˣ벻Ҷƿأ򶫾Ͳ
Ʒ۳Ϊھǽ糹׺䶯ˣȫҶֶ𾪡
¡
ֿʼζ֮ٴ¶ʼһЩʣǧ硣
Ҷ񾲾ǿգؽ˥ʽʼıЩϸҲ¸ǰ緢
طԽԽǿᣬһЩھƷʵĸ֣׷ͻƾ磬۾
ǧ磬ķչڣǴһٵӿ
ǽ֮У쳣Ҷ㿪ٳС磬ʺ淢չ
ʱ䣬ÿŮһŶˣŮӶҶĺӡ
ʱ˫ޣŮȫͻƾ磬ﵽ۾ľǽ磬۷ǳ֮࣬ǵͼۡ
ʮ֮类ǿдһȱڣħ廹ʥ٣š
磬ȵȣȫɱûмɱ°ӣֻһĿģնɱҶ㡣
ʮʮ𾪣ôӴͻȻӿ磬ѼҺòǼ̤ȻһͿ̿
ǽ磡
ȫ׼Ҷ֪ħʮ֮ǰ
Ǹô죡
ʮվҶ׼ӭս
ɱȥܶܣǾǽ磬ǧ糹㣡
Ҷ֮ϣһͷżŮıҶ㽵Ϊ
忴Ҷһ̣ҧгݣҶȻ˱ɣһ֮
Ҷ㣬ôĵӣϣ
ûɳʮۣһϢǿ󣬾Ʒۣ
۵ףϻصܿռ졣
ЦһȺѣ̸ʲôϣ
ҶЦŵµϵŤҶǲᣬһɨһӡ֣ݺݵɨŵµ֮
屻ķŭ𣬺޲ھȥնɱҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬ɱӣڣ
ħ۷һ֣վ˳ɢɱħ۽뷲硣
ʦþò
Ե䣬ʦһû뵽Ȫۻϡ
㻹󣬵˷粻û쵽ⷭأҲзһ죬ǶҪ
ħ۷ЦԾﵽΣҲһĴڡ
ʥ壬ħ壬ȵȣһ񣬵磬Ȼƽûг֣Ϊֹ
ˣְɣ
ҶǱþĶ磬Ҫ۷ҪͻƾƷۣôס
Ҷ㼸ҲУΨһİ취ҵһö
ֻҪͻƾƷۣҶȻܲħűһ䣬ھŻҲ᳹״򿪣ʱնɱƷۣһ򵥡
ھƷ֮ϣҶ㲻ǵ˼ӦûУĴۣʹǸ硣
ħһ֣ħһ֣ħӵӶҶɱôҲʲȥ
¡
һڵĶڳ֣ħȫɽȥʧһɶ
̶һУħʧǳĿɲΪҶϣעǽ֮Уʼ
ܾѾ֮ƣݱԼ磬Ժһ
һղôħ󲿷ֶǿߣȻ˲ͱҶնɱ
ˬɱǣҵľǽܳ׳ͣ
ҶЦۣҪȫɱǽγԼйҶԿٳ硣

ħ۸ʥʥŮһۣʮ۳ˣһҶѹ
岻󣬷Ҳˣô֣һݡ
ߣĲǼ̤磡
ʮŵȻеҪնɱҶ㣬ħ壬ʥ壬ȵȣȫɱ磬ںεء
ҶһжˣȻߣߣڳҲ٣
ԼĴ㣬֮Ƶ֣ԤʾĴۼع飬ҶĴ۾ع飬ҲΣ硣
ûǹҧһëƴһܾˣڳҲ٣
ǿ߷׷׵ͷΪ˵û
Լʮ۵ļлҶ㲻˷ɱȺ֮С
ǵҵĸΪǽգ
ˣǺûᣬɱǣȡ硣
һ̣泹𾪣ıȻҶһ
ģ
һƷͻȻըѪ䶯Ҷһץħ֮Уʼա
ֵϽ֮֯ϣһ֣һ
Զ۷ʻˣҶôôǿ󣬾Ͷ֮䣬ɱۡ
ħۿԼһ۴УʥŮһȥҶʱΣ
ʣЩۣʼǽ磬Ҷ᧿Σ
Ҷ¶֮ɫҪóˡ
ͫȱ
ͫѲǿһˣһοƺüˡ
ļƷۣ˲䶨ԭأҶһɨŻ֣Ľѹ
ɱɱɱ
ҶҲɱۣһˣΪǿᣬֱײǽһЩն£ǳ
˫ս뽺״̬ǽҲʧٸ֣ħ磬ʥ廹磬磬Ҳ˼ʮۡ
Ҷ㣬־ܰɣ㲻ǵĶ֣
ħ۷ŭƣҶһˣ


1878 ٱ
ħ۷ŭ˺Ѳ񷣬ħҶûƷһޱȡ
úã
Ҷ漱۷򣬼ȻôۣҶ㵱Ȼ
ѹ
Ż֣γĸλʮѹԭأ޷
ͫ𣡡
޾ˣЩͼ۸޷ܣ˲䱻ȼһգľѪǷ򣬶ȫҶ㡣
Щ֮ҶֶԽԽǿԽսԽ£ղֻγһƽ֣ת֮䣬ҶռϷ硣
ħۻʥŮҺöܼʱűⱻɨУ϶¶˼֮ɫ
ͳͳҪ
ҶŲһ̤ܷӿؿʼɫѷ죬ħսٴγ֡
һҶһ˶Ըħ壬֮ǰħ໥֣˲񷣬γ硣
ʮȫ۾ǵһҶ㲻ϵնɱˡ
ħԽսԽϵĺˣҶ㿴ưƷۣʵʵѴﵽ˾Ʒ۷壬ߡ
ɾ͵
Ҷץ˼ۣˣľѪзȫ뵽֮С
ԭʮ庡ǣȱٷЩ۾õϡ
ϵ˵Ŀ֮У˳УʱѹǼۻıѹ

ҶѾɱۣŲһ̤ռ俪ʼݣһƬڰ

Ǽħ磬磬磬ʥ壬ۣȻûһܿҶ㡣
ԶĶ񲻶ҶǿѾǵԤ֪磬ҲδҶĶ֡
쳷
ʥŮȽʶȤǰҶֻ֣ȳߣڵǲĸǰһҪΧɱҶ㡣
ߣδ̫Ҿǽˣɣ
Ҷ뿪ҪɱһӰ٣ǧ磬Ҷ㣬ֻ·һ
Ȼ֮䣡
ˣҶһ˾ѹǣڼʮ񣬻ۣѾȫΧ
ɱ
Ҷ׼ʥŮףӦλˣһ𹥻ǽ硣
ٴγ֣һҶ㲻ٸκεĻᣬ׵еħۣ޷ܣȼ
Ҷ㣬㲻úĴۻع飬һͲŹ㣡
ħ۵˺ѿռ䣬ÿһ䣬¶֮ɫ磬˿̶ֻˡ
ҶĽŲֹֻܹжһ߻ᣬߣлսʤҶ㡣
ϧ㿴һˣ
Ҷ㽫ħ֮УƷۣޱǿ˲ֲҶղŵģһԽԽڽӽƷ۵Ĵڡ
Ŀ⿴ʥŮ¶һ˿֮ɫ˻ʱѹ꣬һֱҶѹǳĲƽ⡣
Ҷ㣬ʥ岻Źģ
ʥŮͻȻ˫ֽӡһʧʥطߣҶ㻹δʩչˡ
ӵÿ죡
Ҷûм׷þգǧ磬˭Ǿǽ磬ٲȻΪһشڡ
ۣ壬壬ħ壬磬ʥȵȣʥŮ֮⣬ȫ
Ҷ㽫Ŀ⿴޾գӣҶ¶֮ɫ
αӣһ죬һšԴ
ҶЦһʩչСǽʧȫ˹
˳ǽǿߣѾӽʮŵܺ͡
Ҷ㣬ˣش
ЦһҶѾһţɳԽ죬Ĵ۷ˣǵĿģҶٵĳɳ
û˭˭ֻǿȨ˭ܻȥӮң
㾳ڸߣˣû˻ǵ㣬ʷȥд
Ҷڹϣ˭ĻҲصǽ磬ģЩ۷ȫ뵽֮Уǽøι̡
֮⣬ûһطԽ룬ƷҲ޷˺Ѿǽľڡ
ǽ֮У𶯣һκüλǰַһǳ֮ǰһֱռǧ֮ס
һսԪˣ϶ǰ
ħǲö˵ħħ϶һƬңҶԣշħ硣
ʮʱ䣬ħֻѹȥҷȫɱԳΪһħۣ̳ħʳ
Ҳʼ˶λ棬ڣ磬磬׽硭
һλ涼ھѣؿʼݽߣǱҪһ𣬵һشı仯
ľٶҶ޶ԣÿȻżŮ
֮ڤ˳һŮǽ»ڣףҶϲǧ
аŮҶΪһҲ˴ģǽ
еĵԼҩʦǳ
ľѩѾµڶӣӹ
ҶҲһܵܣ͵õǧ谮ôɩӣҶ£ʹﵽɾǳ֮١
ʱһȥƺ˶ڵȣڵȣҶҲڵȡ
˭Ҳû֮ųֵƵ𽥱ǿʲӡ
Ҷھǽ֮У˫ǿգ͸ռ䣬ϣ͸֮š
ϧʶ޷͸ȥ֮ţһûпռ䣬ûʱ䣬ûκηĴڣʶȥͻᱻɵһɶ
һһĹȥ֮Ľ׻ع飬ڽ˵̶ȡ
Ҷ㣬ĽֻимҶ㣬Ҳյĳɾ͡
ΪһˣӴԺ󣬸Ҷ㣬ҫ֮λ
¡
֮һ¶֮һλãʣһҶĿס
֮ţ
һŻһֳ֣ˣȥ
µΨһİ취׳
˭֪һֳֻˣͬϲֱ֣֮֮ߣ顣
Ҷ㣬Щıųɶˣ
һЩ˿ʼȴ޿κΣ̶ʱ䣬ֵһۣΪر仯ԭ˾綼˱仯
ǧҶ˴֮⣬ʣȫۣǵļ֮УǧӰӡ
ҶԼݣеĵȫףҶ˼꣬Ǻͷ
꣡
ǧ꣡
ת֮䣬ȥǧʱ䣬һЩѾҶ㣬˵һս֮ı仯ԴøӲпᡣ
ǽѾǵ꼸ǧˣݱ˼ڣҡ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ棡
СǸӣҶ棬֮£ԼҶˣÿƤ
ؿݽߣ𽥲ǧʱ䣬ҲһµʷԽԽ٣𽥱
Ѿɹϵϧǧ磬ȻңԶкܳܳһ·Ҫߡ
ʮ𽥳ͣҶ㿪ʼǽӹأһش俪ʼҲһλᣬִơ
¡¡
֮һ¶֮λã౦ܶණѹûмһöҩֱƷ۾磬ôϡ档
Ҷ㿪ʼɣѵ֮һٱ䲻ɡ


1879 ˥
ǧʱ䣬Ҷ֮ŵ
ƺӵһԪʼ֮žһֱڣÿһμԪ棬֮Ŷ֡
ֻҪ֮ţܽһԪ֮գĴһ֮ţϣܲˡ
Ҳ˴˵֮һ磬УԿǧĶЩıǴǸ紫ġ
ְ汾ǲӰҶжϣ֮žǹغ˥һؼĴۿ϶ûˣ粻ôķӦ
Ҷɱ۸֣һЩ飬ҲЩţԲŵġ
һ귢չֽһµ磬ѾʮˣԽԽ۳֣֮¶ʱ춼ʧ
ǽ磡
İӰ֣һΰݷ硣
ܵǾǽʲô
ǽҶ¶֮δ򿪾ǽ磬ûҶɣκ̤벻Ѿγ˶еĽ硣
Ҷ㣬֮кܶᣬ˥ѾʼӦһ£ζȹһش٣໥
˵
ǰʲôԹ˥߷棬Ե΢
Ҷüһ˾ǽ磬֮Ѿвˡ
С֮УҶһ֮ϣ˫ӡٲȻһ١
ҶǿɲϢ۰ﶼ¶֮ɫ
ˣǸҶȣڵĲԽԽԶ
ɣ
Ҷһ֣Ǽ֣ȥ߼ǿͣҶеڣһ١
Ҷ㣬عƲ꣬ͻϵ˥ߣʱҲ֮գЩۣ»ѣҾϣܸһ£ζȹδ١
ѾһμԪ֮䣬ϴĦ޴ۻڣɹȹһ֪ˡ
ûв´ѾԪӦñΪҪ
Ҷʮֺ棬һԪм꣬ãﲻ֪˶£ϸԪʹﵽƷ۳̶ȡ
ΪҾ֪ԪĿֲ֮˥ֻҪ飬˥ߣһѿݹǡ
ЦһϴμԪ䣬ĿżˡһȴΪһԪﵽǹһˡ
˵꣬óһϸԪ̻һչʾҶǰ
ؿʼݣӵڵ壬໹մȾڵ֮󣬾ͻ˲
ϸԪδ磬ֻһλ棬ķǳĿ졣
Ԫֳɷ磬ǼԪ俪ʼȲĻǷ磬ɽ磬硣
׼Ļᣬ֮󣬷罫Ȳɽ磬硣
һǧ꣬ܶ顣
ڲϵĳ֣֮ϣֻʣһ֮ţ֮֮ʡ
صĿռ䣬һЩʣӵȵȡ
ȥˣٴγɣһֻؿʼ
ϣһǰļۣ¶Ȼ֮ɫǶԪۣȻ˽⣬ǵһο
ǸҿЩ
ҶʵҵԼǿЩ
˵ûϣܷϵΪлȥ
Ļһ䣬ҶϾ¶ŨŨɱȻҪնɱԼ
һֱҪ֪Ϊʲôô
Ҷž޲Ѳǵô嶯ô˵϶ĵ
˵˵
ҡͷ˵˵ˣһ˵Ĵ۸֪ˣ
ڿȥȫˣȴһĽͣΪĻ𡣡
Ҷһֱ֣뿪
Ҷ㣬֮˵Ҳȵ죬һĴۻع飬һжˣӴԺֻһš
վӣϣҶһ¡

Ҷ亰һ֣򿪾ǽ磬ͳȥδ֡
뿪ǽ磬ЦԭҶˣҶ㲻ϵΪκεĺǶġ
۾ҶݣЩҶûһֱݽҪ飬Լˡ
ҶݣҲԼںηʮ֣ƺһ
ҶҲȥˣ˲Ҳǧ磬ǵںδ
굯ָһӼ䣬һܵӵðմȾϣ
̶̼ʮʱ䣬˷ɽ֮⣬ѾҲһ飬Ҷ磬һ
ɽ磬ð໹壬׷룬ǰλ棬ѰԱ
ʱͻȻµľҪǧ磬ַҶ㣬ֻնɱлֹ˥
ʱ䣡
ǧ罵٣ھǽڣҶҪĹƾһǽ磬ֵܲܵ˭Ҳ֪
Ľ֣Ҷ뵽ˣǧ粻ϣѾһ졣
ϹѩѾﵽ۾Ҷ㣬һɬ֮ɫΪҲףΪʦһֱҪնɱҶ㡣
ٽӦҪ٣ܶμԪ֮䡣
ڵã໥ɱϣնɱҶ㣬ƽ
߱ʦİ࣬¶ıԳˣ
ҶգȻվǧۣǽ귢չȻǧȼ硣
ʮȫλǲǾǽǳرĸıع
Ҷ㣬ҲʲôĳɼǽҸ㣬㲻˶ҪҪһˣ˶ܻȥ㣬ѡ񡣡
ͣκһˣôȥɱҶ㣬ȫ¡
˵ôûˣǲҪɱʲôش٣ʲôΪ࣬ķƨ
Ҷ㱬˴ֿڣ硢硢硢ʥ塢硢硢׽硢硢ȵȣǧ磬ǵĻ˷ƨ
ħ֮⣬˸Ҷ㶼Ƕ档
Ҷ㣬㻹ڤ粻飬Ĵ㣬ΪӣӭǵĻع飬ֻҪǻع飬ǶҪ֪굽׷ˡ
һվδ˵֮꣬ŵУһ׵磬Ʒ۵նɱ
˶ˣҶڣ֮ƺʮּɻ䣬ἰ顣
Ҷ㣬㿴ˣǲἰһἰ˭Ҫ
¶֮ɫ˵αҪȵա
Ҷüͷ壬֮ŲʲôܣشֻҪ֣ͻ֮ţ޾ʣµļԪ
һ˿˿ʼð˥ڲ磬ȻҲôǰ
ʱˣҪնɱҶ㣡
һЩۿʼ̲סˣϾͼ۲һܶȹμԪ֮䣬һҲͬҲ˶޷ȹȥ


1880 ö
ǧڰͲסҶ㲻ǾҪ
ҶЦһһɱȺ֮У׼ʥʥŮ
ҹ
Ҷ㾳絽˷˼ĳ̶ȣʥŮһûѣҶ
壬԰Ʒ򣡡
ħ֮УҶķʼʥŮ˫ݣʥӵѪķ򣬲ǧ֮ס
ʥŮķ򣬲ϵĸҶ㽻ڣˮ齻ڵ⾳ҶڽӽƷˡ
һͻƾƷۣЩҲ޷նɱԼ
һըΪѪ⣬Ҷһȭ飬üǧۣѾ˲񷣬ܵǺڰ
ʥķҶʵҶ㲢δʥŮӴԺֻĽҹӦҶշ
óüϵѹ˫˭Ҳκβ˭ҶҪɱﲻô򵥡
¡
֮ͻȻ˸оϢ׷ֻ֣ͣǶ̶ô˲䣬ۡ
ĵӰ滺߳ҶһϵƺһЩ仯Լˣʼ
Ҷ㣬þò
Ȫ۴ŵЦ⣬ȻĴ֮߳
ۣĦ޴ۣۡ
˴ǧ۷壬ޣǵѾ˾Ʒ֮ϵľ磬ʲô˭Ҳ֪
þò
Ҷ¶ɻ֮ɫǵһμˣһֱ˶ǻҶļ֮Уδֹ
Ȼʮ֮ǰǾͼ
Ȫ۴ŵЦ⣬Ц棬˺Ƿһսˡ
رĦ޴ۣĳ֣öһ𣬵ˣȴֻնɱһѾ֮š
Ȼǰ͵˵򣡡
ҶͻȻޱ䣬ѹʮ֮ǰļȫʧǱĴ۷ˡ
û˹켣Ǹ趨ˣ
Ħ޴ͻȻ˵ˣһеһжǰ滮õġ
߱ʽħű䣬ЩĦ޴۵˼̳²
õǼ̳˻Ȫ۵ĴС
̳۵ĴС
̳۵ĴУÿһ벻Ĵۡ
ЩЩɵˣĴۻڴ˵֮УȻĳˡ
֪굽׷ʲô
ҶһγʵĴ۳ˣӦÿ˵ˡ
ϧһжˣ
Цһ˵ʲô
˵ɣ
˵ˣ飬ǧնɱˣֻĦ޴۵ķɱ
ۣȴûһ˿
ĴΪͻϵľ磬֮ŵͻƾ磬ǧ֮޷תΨһİ취ɱˣķת
طн޵ģƷ۷壬޷ٽһΨһİ취Ǽ֮ͻ
죡
ҶԺ֮УͻȻð֣ƺʹڼ֮һ
ûǼ죬֮֮ţԽµأ
Ħ޴˵ˣñһΪпᣬҪǧ飬ѹֶҪҶԷΪܾˡ
Ҳһۣͬ࣬ΪҪ˲̵飡
Ҷ㲻⣬ΪԼȴᣬҶ
緢㣬ҲôڲҪˣ
˵ˣһе⣬⣬֮ŵУ£Ѿ־磬ҲһƬء
˵㣡
ҶԽԽͿԼʲôĴ۵Ҫʲô
Ҷ㣬һܺ棬ʲôڣʮ֮ǰļȥˣΪҪϵ㡣
Ħ޴Це˵֮Уһ˿飬£ѱľʣΨһϣ
Ҷ㣬֪ΪҪϵΪĿ˰ɣĴҪǧ磬ɾתΪˣǧһɱĴۣ顣
˵ˣԭΪȲնɱĦ޴ۣһжһı
ҶˣĴѾˣΪԼĿģֶΣƾƷ۵һֱ׷
ⱲӾôһӣȻΥң˶Ҫ
˥ԽԽ죬ĴѾԪڲͻƴ˵еǸ磬Ԫ
ţĴۻع飬Ҫģʽնɱˣǧ磬һ𣬶ԸĴۣ
ԭҶΪĵˣȴû뵽ĵˣȻǵĴۡ
ǶǧֹĴۣҲҶ㣬ѳƬأɾ֮λ
ǧ۾ۼһ׼Ĵ۳֣һնɱһֹ鷢
Ϊһǻ𣿡
Ȫһ֣һһϢ֣ЩۣȻȫɼƷ
Ҷһ鵽һѡѾȻĴ۵ԼΣĴƺҪնɱˡ
߱ʽ
Ҷʩչ߱ʽʼĴۣȻǳƬأҶҲҪնɱ
Ҷ㣬ûõģ߱ʽҴڸ㣬û˱Ҹ似ǿ֮
Ħ޴һ֣Ҳһö޸ҪҶ㻹Ҫǿٱ
¡
ö޸ײһܿռ俪ʼͼߣ˲仯Ϊһѷɻңʧ
Ҷ壬ֱӱ֮ĲȻ֮ѵѾԽ˾Ʒ۲ɡ
ô֮УΨҶʵǿҶ㶼Ƕ֣ȥ
Ҷ㣬ηϿ̻µӡǣʱȡ
˵ˣδ֣ǿϢ֣ڳ޷
¶ŭ֮ɫΪնɱҶ㣬ֹĴۻع飬ϧǻˣɱҶ㣬Ҳ赲ķչ
Ծ֪ˣ
Ҷֵ֣ʩչǧÿһ֮֮ء
ϧĴǰֻܱĻ⣬˺Ƿֺ
Ҷ㣬طܰƷۣ
ӶϣͻȻðһööȻϣѾ֪Ҷ̳˺ܶööϣͻƾƷۡ
л
ҶԪ֮еͻȻöط뵽һ˲ʢҶ˳ͻƵ˾Ʒۡ
ͻ֮ʵֹһǼʮٱ
ɱ¾
Ҷʩչ˴ɱ¾Ħ޴ץȥֻҪնɱһˣе齫ֹͣ
Ħ޴һƺܵΣ⼸忪ʼۣħ幥Ȫۣ翪ʼۡ
ˣڿвϵĳ֣ȻʤҲڣһսغ˭ܴƬ֮


1881 ɱ
ͻƵ˾ƷۣҶʵԽԽǿԽսԽ£ѹĦ޴ۡ

һǴ֣ɲĴ۴죬Ĵ֮Ĵۡ
¡
Ħ޴۱ɳȥȻҶˣ߿ϣ
⼸۷˽֣׷׿Ҷ㣬ΨնɱҶ㣬ģʽܿ
Ȼ֮䣬۽Ҷм䣬һۣ֮Ҷѹ
սȻ޷ķˣնɱĦ޴һ٣ܡ
ЩΧܣҶһ˶սĴۣǺܲҶ㣬Ѿˡ
ǰ£ǶôĻƣȻҪǧ磬һնɱҶ㡣
ս𽥲仯ҶԽսԽ£ö¶һĴûм㵽Ҷܼö
ϸۣ֮ĴԽ䡣
Ҷ㣬ɣǵӡǣȫջأ
ȪͻȻ˵ˣһУҶһص˻Ȫ۵
Ҷ㶨ԭأĿ뿪ȴΪ֮ϣ̻Ĵ۵ӡǡ
߱ʽᣡ
壬ᣡ
֮ᣡ
ע֮£Ҷϵķһʧ꣬ȴȫĴۡ
úúãЩҿԲǸˣ
Ȫ۷ЦľȻûҶ͸Ҷķ˳ҪĽ
ôķ򣬾ȻԼĽ磡
Ħ޴ҲǷ˷֮ħһ뿪Ҷ㾳ٵĻ䣬˲䵽ʾ
ǽ˿ѣرˣҪȥ
ȥѰ·ؿʼݽߣ˼ͬһƬɽ翪ʼ٣ֻʱһƬ֮ء
ҶΪ巨һʧҲڱ仯ܿģͬʱתҶص˹ȥ
Ҷ֮һŭǵϣǿϢ
ԭˣԭˣڲ־磡
Ħ޴˷ܵĽһһʵߣǳĿġ
Ҳˣÿһ϶Ц⣬֮ʲô˭Ҳ
ֻ֪϶磬֪Ʒ֮ϣϵľ硣
ҶһСܿʮ꺢ͯģҶ㵱ʱӣͬˮһ㣬һӿ뵽ҶĻ꺣
Ҷ㣬𣡡
Ħ޴۴ϷŰ֮ɫҶʧȥ˷ھһˣǴҶܻΪҽ
Ҷû˵쿴죬ž޴֮ţ֪Ǵˡ
˼
Ҷ˼Ȼ֪ˣԼǴӺζҲ֪ǰ¡
֮İ帡Ҷͷü֮е֮ۻ֮
ȻĴ۰Ҷзȴ᲻Ҷ֮ĴˣȻڡ
ǧ㣬ҴΪǳΪ𾳵ĵʯⲻ֪һһݣĴˣ
Ҷ㾳һع飬֮ۿʼҶ˲ָ۷״̬
Ĵ۲ķҶ֪ԼԺδҲ򿪡
һжˣҶ㷴Ȼޱɡ
Ҷָ˻ֻҶ㣬ܶԸĴۡ
Ϊǲ֪𣬾̳һⲻˣ
ҶκξٶĴƿأ֪
ǺܿЦˣҶ㾳ԽԽߣиǱȼơ
ɱ
˲ٳɣһ֣նɱҶ㣬ɾͰ֮λ
ؿʼ٣ĺӵ͸ŸϢմϣ漴
ȴΪΨһİ취ǵҶɱĴۣǽ֮ţػָʱڽµ
ת֮䣬˥ߣǵ壬ĺմȾΪһѺˮ뵽޾֮С
Ҷ۷ƷۣȻ޷նɱĴۣ̫ǿǿĲ˼顣
˿̵ǣҶӰӣҶƺڸԼ֣ϣÿһֵ⣬ǴҶϰȥ
ҶҪսʤǣҪսʤԼǳѣսʤ˿ԣսʤԼҪĲֹǿġ
һһҹȥˣǧַʩչǿƲˣҲС֮ʴǡ
Ҷ㣬ɣɱǣ
˵ˣҶҪɱǣܣΪʵһģһôնɱǡ
ԽԽʼǽҲ᧿Σٲֳʤ˻һʧ
䣡
Ҷ㱻ɳȥѪ֮͸ռ䣬͸֮ŵС
۾Ҫǵõ񴫳УղűģѱĴɱҶ㡣
һ˿˿֣֮Ҷ뿪Ȼ֮š
ļңҲҶ֮أĴ۽֮ţҶ㣬֮кһĻ
նɱ
ĴۺԥҶ˲仯Ϊ촷۳ʧ
һҵĴսʧĴۻʤ
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