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ߣɨ

ݼ飺
Խ磬һٵĽʦԺжһصͼݡ
ֻҪĶ˻Զγ鼮¼¶Էָȱ㣬ǣţˣ
ѧͽܣڿΣǿߣ¡
ۣôϲڿ㰡ôۣܲע󣿡
ӣʧߣ˳һ׵ģ
㣬ǬħܲٳԵУѬ𣿡
һʦУָǿߵţ¡


һ ʦ


1 ƭ
ƭӣƭӣ
һŭĽȣƲʯߵ
ε˫֣治ƭӣѧԺʦֻҵѧң˵ƭӣﻹҪӸ֣Ҹʮһ
̵ֹ꣬˵Ļüģʮ߸ˣһѧвҾͿԾ̸ǻؼˣ
ˣǵһͨУͼݵĹԱֻǵܴȻ󡭡ûȻˣٴ硣
С˵мĲ࣬ΪʵΪ
ΪܴԽϲ񣬲˻飬ȻϮһ·߸衭ˣŷ־ȻѧԱǡʦ
ѧԺߵһλʦ
˵ĿãΪӵȥĿãһûУòױüƭӡתӣ
ԭ򣬱Լ괩ļһʦʵͲ˵۹⼫ɶؼ̴һ߻ħ
ҽԺһѧԱҲһԶ֮䵽̸
ûѧ⵽ڸȥʦʿѧԺһõʷΨһ֡
֮£ƽԸԳĹˣԼԽ
ѧڿʼѧԺͨ뺣Ŀ޷һѧֱӿʦʸ
Ѿʮ߸ѧԱ·Ľˣһ֣ȫһߣС˹жܶ졣
취һУ
ӦôˣͼһһȵŮĴſ¶Դ
ʣ½ѰʦĿ𣿡
ɰģ㣬ˡ
½ѰʦѧԺǽʦÿζǱĽ
ˣͶ۾һ
ǰĸװ·һ飬λϣ˸˵ƣΪʦ
Ůȸͷںڵ˫Уǳݣ˵½ѰʦǺѧԺĽʦڵѧʵǷҶܼĿΪ٣
δģʦЬһʺϲʺϣٺã۲ϣǵŪûˣʦԣϣҲܿٽΪ
Ҳ˵ƵĻŮһ£˫ЩãҲ֪ԼʺʲôĿã
Ϲ۾һԥһ£˼˹Ժ֣װһΪѵӣԵɣҲѧԺĽʦѰ㿴ǡ츳ԣ˳Ƽһʵʦ
Ǿͷˣû뵽λʦ˴壬Ů˷ܵæͷ
չʾһΪҿ
۾գƺ⡣
ǣ

Ƭ̹򣬷ȭХһŮҴܣϢɢԣмõĻ
ˣҿˣƽʱ̿࣬ʵ츳ѣǲɶţһȭ꣬ĵͷ
Ǻ͵ϵѧģͣΧܹ㣬󣬷׼ȷ
˫ϵһ㣬һһϽˮ޾ԺúĻ϶ǰ;
ʦܹˣҽʦ˵ͬˡŮϲЩɻ
ˡһ죬Ƥ񣬱Ҳ٩ɿΪû𣿸ղʩչʱҾ֪ˣ֮ô˵ΪƲ˫Ȼˣȴõ˶벻ĻԵԺúðյĻȹȻΪǿսĪ
ǺƣϹ˵Ϲ˵Ⱥƹһ˵
ԵʦʲôĻԵŮ۾һ
֮һֱòˣԱû뵽пø
Եһɳ죬ΪһҲΪϾ츳ͺܺãһľţͲûóһơˡ
ԳΪһֿţŮ鲻Խ¶ȣæѯʣʲô
̾Ϣһһż⵽ûĸֻ̾ܿԵʦѧԺˣңҲֻλǰѾѧԡҲð㿪ڡ
ѧŮźܴϣ⻰΢һ£漴ͨʲô͵𣺡ǲѧʦ㡭ղգ
ҵȻգֻǣҲˣҵҲûôʱ䣡¶Ϊ֮ɫԵ״Ӧ
ͨ
û˵꣬Ůݵڵأ֪߽࣬Ϊͽһúʦ棡
пϲ¶Ϊ֮ɫҵȷԵֻǡҲˣϲ徲
ѧ֤򲻵ѣԲʦЩԸŮæͷһϿҡ
ѧ࣬ԴϱȲʦһܵ˷顭ŵ
˵ԴҪŮԥһ¡
ʦѧԺȡԴǺͽѧĳɼҹģԴѽ
ȿȣǹ⿼ô˵ģȻĵ׼ᶨʦҲΪѣ£ɣ̴ϣæ֤ɣ
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ˣ
â˸

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ţƣȥı졢鼮˳ԼסɣʽϿΣҾУ
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ɹһ
ΪԼѧԱ˿΢΢һЦ
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һѧԱⱻĶˣ֮£ʱо˵ľһ˲˳˲٣ԺǰǵִҲڻʧ
İɣȻԽ㣬úûģ
֮ǰǸΪղѧвʣ˿ѧԱļҲʧӰ٣ֱ˿̣⸱塣
¡
ƿ壬ٺƼѧ͸еԺһһӴȻ
زʣΪۻ
ӯƣȱ
¡
ԣЩͷۻԺһ޴Ĺ⡣
ͼݣ
߽ȥ鼮޾һۿͷ
ѵǴԽڵĴͼݣ꣬ϱͼݹԱᵽ磬һɣ
˵ĴүүϵͳţƵĺöԼȴǸͼݣֻǰһڣûȥ
ͼݣѵԺܣӽ飿
ʲô飿
Σϵ鼮ץ˹ȥ뿴ͼݵɶãһץŷֱ֣Ӵܴץ˸ա
ңͼݣȴʲô鶼òɣҪʲô
ᡣ


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߳ԼĽã߽ѧԺʳá
ǰĸУһѧԺʳʮֿѧԱͬʱͣյһѧԱã˼ݲˣ˸ĵطá
ⲻʦ𣿡
Եøˣһ̧ͷȥͼһЦӯӯĿûůƤЦⲻЦ֮С
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ǰΪܲ˸ֳžѹһ϶ҲӲ˸ϵ
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֮䲢ûʲôޣͬʱѧУȻⱻ˶Աۣʧܵĵ䷶ȻҪһԽС
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Ҳ˵ˣ֮ǰ˸˵ˣǧҪѡʦ򣬲û취ɱ
û뵽ǰͦƵģ

۵ĽܣһѧԱ۷׷ס
ʦʿۺ϶أһ𣬽ͳһ֣УѧҲռһֻ֣Ҫλʦѧͻгɼֱӵ֣ͻʷˡ
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С㣬հݵʦĿϡ
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磬ҪһѧԵ˶ϣΪѧղѧðɡ
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˵ƤһҪ˵ʦѧԺɻ»ģԺʦգѵҪΪԼԣǼСһӣ㵣𣿡
⡭һ㶡
ѧǿ˵ʦ˵ʦǶʦ裬ң˵λͱ˵һλһ˵֡ӼѧԱʦǲյġ
Ͼʦϱ˵裬˭ԸٽѧԱ
ңˣһʦҶͬ£Ϊһѧͬš
ѧԺûʦⱲӾ͵ڷˡ
ϸղŻƳ壬һ仰֪ôˡ
ֻǸˣһС˵Ѵ̡
İɣǼҶСʲҺúý̵϶вĳɼҡٴչƴ󷨡
ЦѼôˣ
ţ˭˵ʦգСֻҪ˵λʦΪҵѧ
Ļû˵꣬һĲǰһһڡ
ղűӣлᣬܷŹ
ۣҪʲô
ɫһ
ʲôõӣ˷ѣҪ˵̽գ˼ѧԺѧϰȻҪѡָܸʦʦʿ˵ֵģ
ٺһЦǵ
ǹȻѧŲҸ浽̴
ѾǵˣǹȻѧ
ѧԺȻʦѡȴᳫֺᣡһӰʦ֮ĸ鲻˵ŪѧԺһ㣬Ӱ
ѧˣֳָ㣬ƽѧѡ񣬸ҲҴӦ
۵


3 ȱ
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Ȼںǰļ䣬ȴûϸֻܰȼҪ˵ϵĴǰϡͿοڣ
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֪²ãòյһѧԱҲҪܵһҧ
ʦָΪָ֣Ϊ似еĴ󡭡ͬλʦóҲͬ
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ɡ
᲻ҴӦɣղŲǴĺ˵ʲôѧԱѧȴб£ͱһ£Ҫ˼С۲ơ
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ȷԵݺͷһģԶĴŮ
ҡ
ӱɫһ죬͵͵һûǰ˫һ֣һȻϢȫ

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ӱߵǰղһȭΪǣݺӡȥ
أ
ʯһ£ֳһּ
53
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һûѧԺûܹκָһŮģһȭܴصѾܲˡ
Ҹղſˣȭۻ룬ʮ㣬һ㲻̫ãǳȭ·Щ̣ܽ֫תٶȼϣػᱩҲµĲ˫Ӧܹ˰ɣ
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ʦ۹Ȼ˲٣һ۾ͿӱȭУ֫ǹؼҲ϶ܹˡ
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Էȭ˵ʵʶʶôҳȱݣָ㣿
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¡
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ĸ֣һֺɽ֮УϺơ
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ʶͼݱ仯ʱѾһȭ꣬һ𶯣ʯϳһּ
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ȭ62֮࣡
ʦѾչʾˣָɣ
΢΢һЦ
Χֵ⻰ҲˢˢҪʷϴδֹʦʿ֣θѧָ㡣


4 
ҡ
ղͼ𶯣עʶˣڻһƬԺңԷȭɶָ֪㣬ָë߰
ʦָ
ǰһס
һӱҲգ۾ҪԼϵλˡָ㡣

Ŀⶼйٲ˵ֻжˣſں˵ͻȻͼ鼮ȱ㡣
֪Ǽ٣˵Ŀ϶Ҳ벻ֻӲͷƤȭȱܶ࣬ʮ
˵ȱܶ࣬ʮûɣ
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׷ɻȭȻ𲻸ߣȴһȭ·ҲΪȭǧǰĥ£䲻˵ȱȱȭٵģȻ˵ʮ
ſڴƻƣɶû˵ģ

ΧˣΪ˵ʲôһڶʱȫЦ
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ŶʦǴţȻڷɻȭпʮȱݣҵԸ꣡
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˵ĶԻڶУݲ䣬ȴЩ꣬ôû뵽ļһȻһ˶֪ȭ
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ȻǰֻǸͼݹԱȴô˵ǴԽڣŲһļʶټƤƤһôţⲻҲָ㣬ǲţָ͹ֲˣӱߣֶԼҲգ
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·
Ҳָ㣿
ʲôЦֱû·ǰȭ𣿡

һ㶣漴ȻһٴοǱġ
˶֪ģղŴȭХԲƲӣ·ʲôЦ
ʦ˵ԣҲģ
Ȼû뵽˵˷ܵĿҪ𣬿ȴԸһ䡣
ȻǸյѧȴʮλһֱó֣Ʋӣ·Ҫȥ30ﶼûУ
ָܴ62ȭָ30򲻳һɨأۣ
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ѵԽǼٵģ
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˼ҵĴԽиүүָ㣬ֻҪŶԷ˵϶û⣬Լãһͼݣд߰ĶһǼٵģѧԺ϶ǱȻˣ

ܿһȭ꣬ʯǰ̧ȭһȥ
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˸һ֣۹Цǳ֮⣬û˵꣬һʺӿҪڵϡ
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9 
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10 
ˣ˵ĸѧǰѧҹȷأǳ飿
һȻŵҪͬʱģǮһЦ
ѧҡҡͷλǺڴʦ¶֪ɣ֤ʵûյĸѧܼ򵥣ֻҪѧԱҵϵѪ̵ͻԶγϢȥ̵飬Ϳһ̵ܺһƭǰɣ
ֻҪѧ֤ѶϢԶ͵̵ϸأκ˶˼٣
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ĻŵݣǮһ㶣漴תͷԸһ䡣
ԪǸղųЦһλʦԸת˳ȥ
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11 
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12 ϬѪ
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㡭бŷӦѧԺһļһˣɫ졣


13 ޳ѧ
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ʦǸʦʿ˵һֵʦԼװ˭Ϊʦһⲻͣǳ鴤û޳
ң
ͷ
ǸǸʦͷ㿴ʵҲ飬Щ֣ҪҵĿγ˰ɣ

ʦ˵ʵղʦҲ˵ˣ˵㡭Ӽ
ҲۣУȻȷݣҾֻһ仰ҵѧҵѧϻˣһӡ
ҡ
ɫŤ˶ˡ
ʵݸõʦԺǰ;ζû뵽һ˵һ
ҵôô࡭
ˣҵĿãȥ챻죬ǵ׼ʱϿΣ
ߵ
á
ҵĹģٴοҪ޳
֮ǰμӿ˵ĵطĶ࣬СĿãҲɲ˼ѧԱɣ
ʦҲ᲻ҿ
ĻŻ롣
⵹ᣬһӵղҪĺιˣĵͷҲ˵ҵѧҵѧģһúð㰲ᣬʦ֡
ʦĻû˵꣬ͱӴϣֻһĿдŲɶҡļͣʲôʱϿΣһǰѽҴɨһ飡ҵôõʦҵңԺ˭ңҶܾǳ⡭

Ϊ͹޳ˣû뵽˸ѧҪ޳ܣ


14 ޸Ĺ
ò׽īߣźһУεķ֣ͷѾ׹ϿҪˡ
ֻѧԱˣ
ҡҡͷ
ѧһ죬ʱ䣬׽
Ϊһвϣû뵽Ȼеλʦʿ˵һ˵ǲĳɼˡ
õŹϣռķȥ
ΪѧԺʦԼĵᣬֻǸС䣬ʮƽ״С
ܿصᣬ˽ȥ˿龰̲ס̾Ϣ
ò˵ǰĺܲңС˵Դʪ֮ѿʼù治֪ǰһô˯á
ȲˣҪϿˣȰΪȻԣ
Ҳռеķϥڴϡ
ΪһԽڣȻм̳ǰļ䣬İ뵽ԽԽǿлǼΪ˷ܵġ
ѧ꣬ҲʵΣ磬ʵҪġ
ͼȻܹһۿ˵šȱݣʵ࣬ȥԼǿ̫࣬ٶҲϣ˵ˣŪûᱻ˵СƬо
ԣͼȻ޵еķҪǿͣ
ǰĹؾǺѧԺʼߴĹһأӦÿһؾ磡
м¼Ĺ
߾أһһ죬ԽԽѡ
ؾǺѧԺĹ֮һҲоأӦ߾ء
ѧԺʦҵʵͣ
ѧԺУʦﵽˣֻأӿˡ
ռеɷ߶ȼС
ʱǰǶӣգڵҲ𽥱ۻ롣
֪˶ã۾̲סҡͷ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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ǿḶ́Ǿ
ǰѿеӣһſŻѹѻľһ۳ɽӡ
ʮ־޴Щߣÿ֣ոꡣ귽߾硣
ˮʯĹ
üһֱ˿
ɱˣ
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ðһ뷨
ǿ֣֮ǿ죬ǿĹ᲻ȱҲ٣
޷Ľһӵͼ֣ȫͼȱ㣬취ʲôʱŪһͼݶҲȱݵĹ᲻°빦ٶȺܿ죿
뵽վֽԼϰĺؾģĿ

ԤϵһԺеͼһ̳һֵͬ鼮
򿪣Ȼ¼˺ؾȱݣ飬Ȼǧȱ㣡
Ҹղһȡ
һ򵥵ĵأô©̫˰ɣ
ͺͳǳӵ߲һûϣоѾˡ
أ
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⡭ҳȷķ񲻻һᣬЩץ
һؼУǧȱ㣬ȷķȫ֪ͺǧ·ÿ·֧ͼȷǲǴҪҵһȷͨҲҪԼ
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һЦдݣͼٴһ𣬳ͬ鼮Σֻһȱ㡣
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ȷͻصķԣ
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أƤǾ
⡭̫ˣ۾Բ
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ңȻֻ۷徳ͻƷոջ۵ޱȣ֮ǰԼģǿ̫ˣ
˵֮ǰǻǵཬɾ峺Ȫˮ˺ʣ羵֮С
ҲеȼϡС¸ȣƷԽߣԽ峺Ժߵ·ҲԽԶ֮ǰǣӦһ֡
۵Щ峺ףȵ
˵ҪҪʲôʥ𹦷𣿡
Ĺշ࣬ԷΪʥ顢ÿ¡Сϡ۷ĸС
ߵ˵ҪȵҪʥϵĹ
ؾֻͼķƷôƷ
ͼݣ
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ȻԺؾΪģʵȴмĴ֮ȫܿˣȷĵ·ǰˣܻ۳Ʒ
ͼݼģȷģؾȻ̫࣡
ͼݰæǲԼҲдһʥ񼶵
˫۷Ź⡣


15 
ʥ˵ѧԺһЩţδУҾУҲصĺͨԶû취Ӵġ
ҪֹܴԺȻ°빦ԽԽ죡
պҲûеصȥʦ󿴿
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һأʱͻƣˣųɹƾ츳ȷô
ﵽأúĻͨʦǿԵģϣ´ʦʿ˲Ҫ̫ˡ
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߸һΡ
첽ߵҵš
Ȼкؾص
ֳ˳ַġ

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պûؼһ鿴
֮ǰͻƵľ飬Ҳȱʲôǿǰܡ
ܣ˸ָĹǵصвǰµıʼǡע⣬ǧ֮ࡣ
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һӵͼݣ͵ܹԶȷ񣬵Ҳԥһᷭġ

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Բᣬ긡䣡
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㿴ḡѧԺҲúúһˣôḡˣôܵʦī˦֡
ؼߵĸκ߶Ӧñ֮ģһȻַֻͻȥˣֱ̫ˣ
Ժ̸һ̸úһ½ʦ֮еĲˡ
صסҳֽʣؾؼȷĳ¼
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˺üüġ
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⡭ǽǧؼУȷĵط¼һˣ
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ղŻǧ飬һҳȷģ鷳ޱȣǸ޶ķ飬ζû뵽ͼԶˣ
Ȿ顭Ȼûһ󣡡
Զϵ鼮ȫȷɣûһ
еݣȻѲǺؾҲκһؼмص˵δ
ȻͼԶѡȷγɵؼͽС񹦡ɣ
һⱾ鼮֡
ˣ
ƺӦ뷨հûּķϣһ𶯣ĸ֡
񹦣


16 ϴ
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ûȱĹԥмصķʼ
ȫë״󿪣塣
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ϢϢܹӣ׼ȷζ
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ǰǻزſʼȫ벡ʹԽԽǿ
ؾõȫ˹⡢ĤƤõƣӶﵽƤǵЧ
񹦲ͬͬʱҲ壬˫£ͬʱС

γɵžˮһʱȫŲ·һ߹ûݵĵط
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ó
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˴ӳɳΪԽȥָʳҲԽѻԽ࣬ƤǾͨųȥ˴»عȻ
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߽ȥīٴθһĸֵۡ


17 ˴ɱ
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ҾȥԺָļһ뿪
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ô٣úļһѧԺҲֻ
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Щֻǽڰˣ
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ͬǹؼǧأֻһǧ˽ӽ֮һ
ʵҲκ鼸ǵϵԽߴҲԽϡ٣ѧԺеȻ̣ܴﵽصģ϶ȴﵽصҪٵĶࡣ
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ʱ
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ʼʩѰǧ鼮ȷ䡢ˡ
Ȼʱ䲻ͼٴһ鱾βûֱ֣дˡ񹦡ĸ֡

ضʵƤǾĿĺܼ򵥣߰ĸӴ죬ÿͬʵϾͼϳ̶ȡ
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ڶסϸƵ峺ˮߣĽࡣ
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׼һ㣬ҹɫԷ˹ȥ
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һ£ǰļ仹ԼԽļ䣬ͼӰһΣԼͻ˹ȥͬʱһһâ֣Ĳ֪ʱһֻذס


18 
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㶯֣Ҳɱֻѵһ٣ɱˣȻã˴ߴ١
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ԷԹĻֻÿһ˴˸顣
鵰˯ȥ۾Ϳȥźˣ
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С
ϸϰ죬ǰһ飬òûλСйȾ
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ΪʲôҪɱ
꣬ͻȻ
ңû뵽ԷԼ̲סһ㶣ֻҧҡҲ۸Ůˣ
֪۸Ůˣ۸˭ˣһ衣
һûҪɣ
ҲǣȻǶ붯֣ȳְɣ˼ԷԸ˵Ȼɻȴٶʣ˰֡
ȣҪˣȰˣɱ
⡭ԥбۿɻ
Ѿʼɡ
ôɣԼ˸ɱģҪǼɵԷʵͳֽ֮ˡ
ôңɱҴҹԱ˳ŵģĻɣ
ţ
⻰˳һ£ǵͷ
ҲԣѾҹˣǹɱʱܹʲô
Ҳ㣬ȻĿһ£Ǿһȥ˼
Щǰһ
㻹̫Сˣİɣ˵Ļԭ򣡲Ȼ㲻šҲϻһ֣Ǿһɣ
˵ǰȥ
۷壿һϳΪ
æȥ
¡
ͼһ𣬳һ鼮
ԷҲʩչ似ֻҪʩչͼݾܿȱ㣬ҵ
鼮ȥ
ֻд֡Ҧ
ֺϤһ㶣漴һҳ
ҦǳܼңرѨڣٰ˴Ѩ


ǣʱ
ⲻǽԼΪѧʱǸԼİǴܼ
ѹֶЩϤ
ֻǡ
˵˵Сˡôˣרܹң
ңʵǿҲҪѵһ٣
ԽԽ
ǰʲôȱ£ԼȻԽɶԷ㲻ʣҲˣؼǡɶûɣͱ˵ʵڿɶ
뵽¿ȥ
й칦
似ƴɡȭɡ
ȱ㣺ʮһβΪţ޷˼
ǰһ鼮ϼһȱ㡣
ٰ˴ѨǾͱʾӵ12潻ֵĻԼ϶Ƕ֣

Ѩզˣ12զˣ첻ѵһ٣ҾͲ

뵽⣬ͣ
ôˣ
ͻȻͣ£һɻ
쿴ɵ
һָ
ɵɵʲô
һ㶣æתȥһٶ̽βĿ¶˳
ͬʱɻ󣬺ͨ뺡֪ɵʲô⣿
ģ
ȵľᣬҲԥ̺ŭһ˹ȥ
أ
ҦûӦͱţһǰɳһͷײڲԶһʯϣͷѪ
ԼŲӷַ㣿
ԽԽٴγ˹ȥֱڶԷϣһȭȭݺ˹ȥ
ʲôѨǿߣʲô12ǿߣҵţ֪ȱ㣬䲻͵Ϯһ군
㡭
ҦȻû뵽һҪѵļһͻȻĶԸԼҪ£һţȫֱҪ֣ҲˣҪը
˵һԸ
꣡
أ
˵Ļԭأ
ҡ㲻ô˵ض۷ǿߣеĸ֣սҪзȣ޳ܵƭԼȻ͵Ϯ֣ϴ
似أ
أ
أ
ͷåҲûôİɡ
ֻһʹҦˡ
ֱ˿̣֪˿ˡ
һǿӵĺܲҵ֡


19 ޻
һᣬž˲١
ͷһ˿̵ҦϵѾˣҲŤ趼ϲˡ

ˣٴһǰǳĹܼңͽܵ壬ѵһٿԣɱ
ô˵һﶼŵҦ壬Ҫɱˣյӻը
Ժ϶ҲûͺõĿˣ
ңǺųУΪʵȻ϶ӵмܼұɱϸ׷Ūܲ鵽Լϣ鷳С
磬ûվȽŸǵ͵һЩá
ɵͷϣ
һ
ȻɱǾֻ뿪ܹ͵ϮԼȴˣ϶ỳɣ
ˣպи첻鷳벻
ͻȻ뵽һˡ
ǰʱһֱЦԼб
һгϵӣ޻Ҧ֪ҲӦòұ
㱨˺ҧã
뵽⣬ͷѾĿȫǵҦѹҺìܣңҽϱѵһٵģ汻ˣ̡϶ΪҸɵģҲᣡҪ֣͹㱻ײĲʱ򣡡

Ҧ֪ΪαᣬҪѾ͵ͬ㳦˵ˡ

ԷԼ˼ڷϻվһҦϣ߷ʮס
ɶ񣡡
аһ䣬ҦҲ֪ٴȥ϶ùĻԼһҧתߡ
ͬʱסһ˰պˣڶ֮ӦУ׷ǸŮӣд̡
ֻҪ֪㣬ֵļһﵽ˭Ǻ׵ġ
Ҧ뿪˿ʰһ£»صᡣ
˵湻յģҪǽڻû˯治֪ᷢʲô
Σʱˡ
桭ʵҪģ
Ĵϣаֹ
Ϊû֪Ҧȱ㣬϶Ҳ򲻹ԿıȻԼ
ԣ֮ûбģǾǿʵԽǿԽã
дŸп𽥽硣
ڶ죬һ˹Ȼֻ˯˲ʱôʱ䣬ȴɸе棬û˿롣
ȥϿˣ
ֹһ·ԼĿȥ
ʱ䲻ã߽ȥһ˷ܵӭ
ʦˣ㿴Ѿѷɨˣ
յǸԬΡ
һﱻԼвû뵽Ȼһˣһѷɨĸɸɾ
ͷ
ٺ٣ʦ˵ˣǲǸиʲô似֮ģ͸屾
ϿɣЦ
һǸɫͿȾ
һߴţͬѧˣһͳһϿΣڰ֡
һӣڶľȻǴӮǸѧ
̬ûôãд˲ģҲ
ӮˣֻŸʦѧϰжʹࣿ
Ǹóǹ֣꣬
һ˵ǹе⣬һ࣬λʦʮŷģ˵ĿǰѧԱУΨһһĸԸġ
ĸӱߵѾͷһѧɫ̲סһ죬һ䡣

Ӧþܽϵˡ۾
Ǹʦ˵ܽԼϵ⣬ǵģãڵҹ˯
ܶԷ˵Ǽ٣ȥ϶нˣ
뵽⣬ϴһ£·߳䡣
ΪŮǰǳŮѧ˵ǰʮȻסͨѧļᣬǵһСԺö෿䣬ܼҦ壬סڲԶķ
Ҧ壬ȥϿˣ
ûźһҪߡ
С㣬ȵңҸһȥһŴ򿪣Ҧ˳
һӣԭأҦ壬ǡôˣ
ֻͣۿںڣһҹԭޱȵĴܼ壬ĿȫǣҪϤ֪˭
ŶˣСԼģ
Ҧ

˭Լ
ҸһĽ
Ҧ壬ô£˭Ҹߵŭ塣
С㣬㲻ùˣԼ⡭Լܹ㻹ϿΰɣҵҪϵʦôʹ˵еһˮƽúѧԺ㻻ʦ
Ҧһڣź̫˺˿ڣͷ亹
ðɣ
ԼܣŲٶ˵Ŀȥ
Ҧ壬˵ôأҪȻȥϢɣϿһ˾Ϳԣˣ
һᣬȫͷ󺹵ģ̲ס
û˿飬·ҩ˺üʱɺأܼ·ͺܲˡ
С㣬ʱͽˣһѡһʦѡһôȥҦô˵ҶҪҴһ֪ʵǸѧļһҲС㵥ĵˮƽ϶вڶѧһ㿴༶ûѧͻ֪ˡ
֨ѽ
ƿ¶ĳ
ĸվС


20 ӱ
ҦСΪʦĳˣ֪Ѿ˺üѧ
˿̣˵ԷвڶѧͿӱˣ·𱻵ڴ˸һƣɫʮֲÿ
ʦҲƤģ޲иطȥ
û£
Ƭ̺ҦŲԶ̲סһ㶡
ǼһԼôݣΪ㲻ͷҲзϣôƤûһ㣿
ʵ˵Ҫ̵ôʵ뿴ԷĲ״ԼرѨǿߣȥ͵Ϯͬͷ͵ϮˣƨûСǿʧУЩܲˡ
ʲô£֪ԷЩʲôûκα飬ţλмʿǡ
мʿһŹ֣û˵ͱһϡ
ǲмʿҦǿסҪѪĳ嶯üëһһ˦˰ǳܼңҦ
ŶȻǲмʿͲҪˣͲ壡ûĻһڣͿͣţ
㡭
Ҧȭͷһ󣬲ûը
˭
ǳܼңȨϣѧԺ̵ΣҪϸϣһʦƺмˣȥβŭ
ҪθϿΣ˫һҦȻվ
ŶȻҲ֪óȥǾץʱ䣬ǽѧҪ԰ʲôèܽģ
·ͬһƵϣʲôٴΰ֡
㡭˵˭ǰèŭ̫˿ڲͣѪҦȫŲھͿһ㡭
ţȥҲſԽ⣡
ٺͶԷīһ֡
Ҧ壬ȡȥɣϾҪϿˣ
⻰۾һǰ
ҲߣҪһ˵˵˭أҦرѨǿߣߵκεط𾴣˵ǲмˣҳȥ
أ
û˵꣬ͱƳ⣬ǰһڣŹǶĿ죬϶С
С㡭
վҦüëһƤ鴤
ҪǱȥ϶ˣСϵģҲһ֣ȴǻŭתƵϡ
벻ͨһﵽʲô£ܰСƻ˳ף
Ҧ壬鷳ţҪϿˣ
Լ֪Լҵ£Ĳκ֪Ҧ壬ȻʦҪȻҪλȥˡ
ǺãС㣬ţʲô£ֱӺңһ̳ȥ
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Ҧ뿪ֻʣյѧԱһܣȻǶΪʦԺͬʦã໥֮úӦҪ׹ҵ磡
磿
⻰ѧԱһ
ʦòûɶɣ
ȿȣ׹Ҳû׹ˡ
ҽѧ˲ͬעʩ̣ÿ˵Ľ̷֮ͬ䣬ûʲôɶԱȵģû˵ı飬ڳʦϣȥСݣе˭˭ͽ
ĿȻֻ̫һƽ׵ӣȴи䣬Ըѧרָ
ѧÿһͬͳһָĻ鷳٣Ҳ޷
ӱҵĵһѧԱɣ
˵߽꣬С䡣
ǣӱǹԹŮҷ˽ȥ

ӱΪڡ
·ˣ·ģͱʦƭİʦˡ
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ˣҽߣûκã˵Σƭ˵Ǹʲô
Ϻ˵˲ٹλʦ顣
ףʦȻˡԻ͡¼ѧԺʷһλʦʿ֣ʵʦԼôôùͱƭˣĻ
ѹָ˵滵˶࡭
ǰ˵滵˶࣬ţʦ;Լƭˣί
ڿǣοڰʦĿ˵˰һҸæʦǰϤ
ٽ似һ飡
ڷм䣬ɫȻĿ
ϴκλӱʱ򣬻ûͼݣ֪ʲôȱ㡣
ðɣӱȻ˿ΣǹԹŮһ£ǵͷٴȭХܿ콫һȭꡣ
ţ
˵ͷ
ȻλӱԸЩȣ˵ʵȭĵȷ
ʦʵ롭
ӱһ£Ҫ˵Լ˿εĿģû˵꣬Ϳˡ
ȣûǴǰ˶սʱ˴˵ģ
㡭ô֪ӱһ㶣ĻҭסĿԲ
ֻ˵ˣδ˵û뵽Է˵Ǳ˴˵ģ˵˵ʱ䣬̲סЩȡ
˵Ѩֱٶȡݣ㵱ʱ˽սԷдƹѨѨһ˱պϣ¾Ѫ޷һ

⡭ӱȫһɫ˲ó졣
ΪԼȣҽʦԭʦò˵ƵĻֻ֪Ѩʲôط޷ơ
Ҫκã뵽Ʒ߰ʦǿߣܽ򣬲ܳɹ
Ϊʲôʦ˵κԼȣֻںƣû뵽һھͺԭʦ˵һôܲ𾪣
ʦɡΪκãӱ̲סʵ
С¶ѣ
С£ӱͫһ̺


21 
Ȼ·û⣬ȴܼ尾ͬƹ֮ûһ컶Ц
ΪˣڶЩη壬Ը˵Ը
ΪⱲӶû취κˣû뵽λ˶Ƿʦֱӿ˵С£ԼĶ䡣
֮ǰ϶ǴţԷһ˵˵ԭ̲סΡ
㵥䣬ȻΪƵģˣȫɣ
ӷȡһУ򿪣˳̲һ롣
ǳе£ˣѧԺÿҶ䱸ⶫܹͨѪʱơ
ǣأŶӱ֪ΪΣȫ
ಣ
ԭزδһ룬ֱ˹ȥ
һ̺һ룬ͱֱӱ˹ȥϡ
ǡ룿ӱ۾ɴ󣬽ٴβ
룬ǲӴ壬߶ľƿУ׼ȷ̽Ѩλ
ҽ߲ýӴŮߣͿ룬ܱⲻٲҪΡ
룬˵򵥣ʵʮָӣҪ߶ƿأƫͿܵʧܣΣҲҪкܴҪ󣬸·Ѩһϴͻָ鷳
ԭʦ˵Ҫ룬ΪҪﵽض
ѵѧԺΪʦѾﵽ־ˣ
ⲻܰ
ﵽģÿһպ½Ѱһʦ˵ʦضкܴһξ룡
ʩչ룿
ţ
ಣ
ţֵö롣
һϣպͬǳԷĿȻﵽ¯ĵز
ϣӱԷƣͼһ̺ͬʱѨ

ڣһ飬֮ǰµѨ̳忪
⡭⡭Ʒȣ
ȫһ飬ӱ˽ģ
峺ˮû˿ʡ
ȻǡƷеƷʣ
Ʒ
ʥģδ˵˭ĳλʦȻУҲῴ˰ɡ
ˣ
𺳣ȫһɣѾԷߡ
ӱ͸е˫һɣǰδе
˺˫Ȼ·ȴʹʯһʱ޿̲еӲڣһˬϮĳּޱ
ҵȡ
ɵҲ֪Ѿ׺ˣ
ʦл
ϥһӱֱӹڵأۿһ졣
Ϊһ죬ȴ̫ʱˣһǾζû뵽̵ļѧԺһʦκã
ʵдµˣֻΪ˵͵
ð뷨
ǵ͵˵ڿΣܰԼȼһѧԺоͿ϶ºܴôʦʿ˵һ³
뷨ӱڵأĸԸΪʦٲ˿Ρ
ţȻ˺ˣȥúɣʲô⣬ٹңڰ֣Ըһ˳й
ǣӱ˷ܵ˳ȥ

һҴ˿Σ˭һ𣿡
֮У֣šԬ໥ʶ֮￪ڡ
˵ʵʮơ
ѧǰһˣܶ߼ʦҪȴΪʦ֮ĴģλѧԺļһ
ǿҵУЩץ
ô˵춼˿Σѧκ˶ĽŲ
ҡҲˣСʦѵһ٣Ԭ̲ס
ߣܰôҿɲ뱻ָ߻ħߡ
߻ħ֣ɻĿ
ֻ֪Լλʦʦʿκܲһû˵ָܰ߻ħ
ţߵǿŰɣһӱͬѧ϶ɫѿñƭˣʦˮƽʲôʹˣܸ˺úָ㣬³ʦƲ𡭡
֨ѽ
˵Ŵ򿪣ӱһ˷ܵ˳
ţ
Ϊɥ˭֪һ˷ܣ̲סһ㶡
ͬѧҲ֡
ݸ˷ģ϶˴ջ񣬲⸱ӡ
ѵλʦܺúָ㲻ɣ
һָ㣬ѧԱô˷ܣ䱦ѧԺܴ½ѰʦҲɣ
ʦȥ֪Щʲôӱһ䣬ȥһˡ
ңһҧҵҪָʲôָ㲻ҿ϶Ҫ˿Σ˿Σ
ֹ߽䡣


22 ŵĲ
Ȼָܹ㣬ΪԷ
Ͼһһȭ·㲻ϼɡ
ˣƲǰʦ⡣
ʦ
߽䣬һȭвû̫󹧾
Ҽ似
ƺûĲڵ;ܽɻȭСɣȭɣǲ
ʲô㡭ô֪ˡȭ
⻰ԭûŻȥ
˵ʵ̫ͣӦԹΪҲǷɻȭͨ似Ǵȭ
ȭƷ似ȷɻȭǿ̫ˣ
Ϊżȭ
ԴСɺ󣬴δκǰʩչ֮ǰǰչʾҲֻǷɻȭһ˵Լ˴ȭһǴɡ
ôģ
ɻȭдȭӰӣȻ˵ͼݵԭ۾գһ¡
ܿﲻš
ȭëϵûһ֮ǰڲʦǰҲԷʲôûѧԺʦȴһۿˣļٵģ
ɻ󣬾ʦٴ
ĴȭȻѾﵽɾ磬ҲǲÿϰҸۣ羮Ѩ
⡢⡭
˺üǼһǻ̿֡
ǶԷ˵Ĳԣ̫ˣ
ͺۼʱĳһ
㡭ô֪ɫף̲ס
ܼ򵥣ˣҿԱ֤òֱۣ꣬ἡ⻵Ѿȣʵ꣬ǲѾҹ˯ʱЩӲų鴤

ҡ

ȷʱֻΪ̫ˣû⣬ζû뵽Ǵȭˣ
ȭ羢ﵽƤǾˣ⣬似κӰ죬ֻǾϢ̫ǿ似ֻˣʱƣԽԽأҲƲӣȴΪǿֵԭΪȭܵ˼˺ٲֹͣ᳹ױɲзϣ

ʦҡ
һ̣û˽ʱĽϥһҲڵء
˵ղŻý˿̣Ѿ׹ǰʦǸˣеĸˣ
Ϊ˵һжԼȫϣ˵ûô⣬ʱһ˵ףȫǶԵģ
˸ǰʲôʸ񽾰
Ц֮ǰһֱðΪʦԿˡ
ڲ֪Ƕôˣ
ݲǰҲѧԺһЩʦҲչʾ򣬶Էȭ˵Լұ˵ʵˣ
ֹͣȭŬΪ֮ǰµƣһ취ˣȥŽй
ǣæͷҶ˵æ˳ȥ
һߵ⣬Ϳ֣šԬˢˢ
ѿγ˵ˣԬμæʵ
˵ΪɶҪ˵һ֣Ȼû˿죺һΪʦΪǲ˿εģʲôˣ治֪Щôģˣ߲߳ܣ
֣šԬΡ
޳ܣֱ̫޳ˣ
ղŻڿ˵Ҫˣգ۹ͱƤǸж

ʦ¡Щ£ѧȥͳȻֲ̬ͬȣűűֹ
ʵҦĻҲûҡҪǶԷһ˵ġ֢״ϣ
Ͼֲ֢ʵڳڣ̫֪ġ
°ɣ
һ뷿䣬Ϳʦԭء
ʦ˵ܰβһ졣
ţͷĲ֢ܼ򵥡
ʵŵ飬ȷѣʲôõĲӵǧŮĴ֮壬ǳǿʢȷĻԻ°빦ͻͽ
ϧǾȻû˷£ѡһԵĹ
׹Ůȷǲؼɸֱ֮ѩϼ˪
ԽԽ࣬ʱ첻ٴηŮԣѶֹʱΣȥŪû᳹ױһɫǣٶ޷㡣
ΪˣŻεĸо
⡭ס
֪ԼǴ֮壬Ҳ֪
ģ
ѵΪ
ŮȻȴʺ㣬Ҫ׽£Ҫ»꣬ŵ
㡭ô֪ǰŮһ
׹ǰǴеĹ˰׼ҵˣ֪ſڵĴܼҦ̫ǰʦȴһ˵ǲš
ܿĲ֢ĹȻҲܿˣбʮȣһĪ⡣
ܽǡҸʲôĹǿѹסе𾪣̲סʵ
ӦһܹھʵĹǻĹɣȥѧԺ󣬰ңܲҵʵģ

лʦæͷ
Ȼûڣȴ֪˸ɣл̲סһ˷ܡ
ţڰ֣ȥ֣йɣ
ڷѧָʱ򣬿棬һ߸˹
ϣ˵ģ
߸꣬һߣһһλߡ
үǧȷС㣬ʦΪʦ
ͷ
⣬϶ܹϳλϣҪӱ˿ελ
ƺүӦӱĸ磬ѧԺţϵѧΣ
ʦʿֵļһʲôʸãɶ񣡽Ҳһ٣֪ƭõĴۣҾͲΣ
һǰһ߷ŭĺС


23 
ĵ۶ܳΪеĴ֮һ֮ǿһߡ
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λӣԼ´ʲôҪϢʦ֮ʱ
֨ѽ
űƿ˴˽


26 ѧĿ
û뵽һ첻㵨ôˣ߽䣬б󻷹һܣȻѧ֮ɫһЦȻҳԹƻӱС㡢Сˣƭʦѧ˭ĵӣ
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ҪҶ֣ѧԺڣʦ˽ѵʦ֪У棿
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ã۾һҲ˷֮ɫд㽡


27 
ˣĿξϵȻȥһ¿ݣʲô׵ģԵѯʣ
ڰ֡
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꣬ĸ֪Ҳ࣡
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30 
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31 ֹˮ
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Ȼһ֮ӳ֮һķûκα˿ϵûУôìܣ
Լ˶Էȴû취֪֮
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ԽżԽ޷ͻƣбסߣҲǱߵֻΧһƬûˡ
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תߣٴ׷
ӴԽ࣬ͻȻֶԷԽ·һԽԽԿ
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ӵͼݣؼҪֻҪܴ࣬ҵȷ·Զγ񹦣˳
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רŵʦƣЧǷֻҪ50öң۸񹫵ۣͯҪϲҿԸۡ20ҾͿߣ
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Ҳش𣬶ǽתһȦ
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39 ĸ
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Ϊ˭
үүͲˣҡҡͷЦӯӯĿԷ˵;ͻͣšȿȣһȭ


40 ʦ
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ˣأԷģ̯ŭһӿһȭҹ
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ôˣ
⸱̬ȣʲôһ̲ס֡
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41 ı
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ʱѾкܴˣ˶ָŹֻһ˶õλᣬһƿֵ500ңʱ˶ΪˣƿֵôǮ˭֪һƿڣȻʢöƷҩʱ˱1Ҫ򣡡
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42 װƣϣ
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43 װƣ£
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ġʮȻûһֵǮģ֮ͣ˷ָ
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44 ѡһ
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45 С
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ǡǮ񡿵ıͨƱƾκһǮȡʮǧң˽ӹʯһƱ˹
ҳأͨܲ㣬Ҳ͹Ŵһ˽Ʊֽ֮ҡ
ţ
һۣ֪ģװУȻȡһֵһǧĽƱԶġīʦ˹ղŰҸٽңһǧˣǸСѣ


46 Ҵƭ
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47 
黹ǿ飿
߽ݣһŮӭ
ʮߡģһ崿ģΪˣȻʦȣв磬ҲϰһŮˡ
Сعؼ𣿡
ԼĿ˳
ع˵ЦˣֹÿһֵƣСʸۡ˵ŵмŮҡͷ
꣬󲿷ֶЩĵ˴֮࣬ߵĻˣôۿ㹺
ǡ֪г۵ģȻûУ̾ϢϣĿ
ۣŮҡͷּĹ˳ۣǶûУһЩǿ߼ﶼѼ٣ϵõĻԹȥۿһ
ۿܹۿһҲã۾һ
ӵͼݣҪ鼮Ļ㷭ģԶɡ
֪λǰƵ鼮˹ۿģ̲סʵ
˹ۿŮüͷһҡͷͻȻʲôһЦҵ֪һλĹ죡ˣҵȫⶼûʲô鲻ã˵ˣŶ
ˣüëһ£漴ǿɷͷָһ£ȥλǰ
պҲûʲô⣬ֱӴȥŮЦЦ
͹ˣ
û뵽ŮģҪԴԼȥЩмĵ˵ͷ
Ůǰ·ȥ
ͨ죬֪ŮлݣݵӣʱӦòʮѡ
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׷µʦĵʦզࡣ
Ĺ½׷ʵûֻ֪֪һˣܵУ
˵ʦǧѡѡģǺѧԺԺ¶ûʸ
黭ʦΪʦˣҲˣܱ¾أ˵⣬ɫصĽλ½һţأ˵طòҪ׿ڣȻ鿴ŶûУ
ţͷ
УҲ£ʱԼȥ˵ҵ½ˣһŵ
İɣģ֪˼΢΢һЦ
ԷܽȥͺܸмˣܽϣԼı£ĲϣҲû취
ô˵ԼʦôһСѿأ
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һ·ǰУܿ߳Уƹһͷۻӣһۡǰ
½סˣǰһָ
̧ͷȥǰĸۡûݻƽŻҶûУŮΪǸƽߡ
ǡʦסĵط
Щš
½һڼ׷üδ޸ۡϴʾܾˣɻ󣬻͡
ͷȻ𾴡
ôߵݣȴܽԺãҡλȷˡ
գ
Žȥͼһ۶صСš
֨ѽ
ͣڶߣһƿ˳
Ǹʮߡ꣬һϮ£޳һǸҹӣи߸ϵϢ
СҲˣ
¹۾һһֺõģ
ҽлеô飬ǻû쵽̶ֳȣһƲƲ졣
ƾҵĹϵСҲûʲô˵СʱҲһֱôеôҲݷ½¹һЦһ˦䣬һǾյĶٺ٣Ǽͱˣ϶ҵģ
˭Ļһ㵽ʱޣ粽á
Ǿ͵ſɣ
¹һЦʱſüͷһ壺ʲôˣСôܰ˴
Ҵʲôˣƨ£
Ʋ죬ûԷ˿ӡ
ߣСӣ˭ȰСԶһЩһСܹȾָģ¹۾

û뵽鶼вΡ
ǰĻ˵˹ˣ
ǰѣë߹ϵ
вǲˬһ֣㻹ܵ࣬˼ͷģ
ܺãϣҪΪ仰ڣ
û뵽δһСӣȻҺ˵¹üëһ۾ˣԺǰ̧š
ôô³ç
ԷţߴԴĴ
ôˣɻĿ
֪˭͸˵Էһ֪ӣЩΡ
治֪һ󣬻⡣
˭֡
˭йϵ
㡭ӣ滳ǲǴ˸ɵӣԷеȷ⣬ںԷݣӣֻĽܣĶӣѷ
ųһȨλý׷֮£Ķӣߡ
Ϊ˵ԷݣһеֻţѯνȴһľȻĿдɻ󣺡˭


48 ʲô
۷ΣûԵ
֪磬ˣǸðİɣ
ʱЩڴһˣ
ɶ֪һ˵Լ϶Ҫܵǣ
ʵαװǵȷ֪
ǰֻѧԺʦһֱβܲϳѧԺڵ£Ӳ֪ĺ٣Խ֮ǰƶû㶮ôʲô
֨ѽ
һĹսǰĴһм򿪣һܼģӭ
ǲѾ׼ˣϣٴλôʦָ㣡¹Ӱѷû˸ղŵţһĵ
ԭǰСӺͻƹҵȺ򣡡ģܼҹ
˸ں߽ۡ
ҿȥ
طȻװ޵ĲݻѧԺһЩطԲ磬ȴһ£ϣһżžˮī˵š
һȻεˮī
̲ס̾
Ŷλӡ裿ǰеĹܼң̾תͷ
ֻпѣû뵽˵ܼҵע⣬æҡͷ
ǰʱͼԱţȻͼȴδùʣ˵ˣ
ǼүΪʣͥԺΪֽۡݵ续ӵȷû˵ܼҵͷٶ˵
ܿ
󣬹ɫ㣬ǽϹŸָĻһУһְȻ֮С
طĴǲʯһʵҪ̭ĸо
ȥү
ܼҰ£ת˳ȥ
㶮ܼһߣҲֵĿ
ղŵĶԻȻҲˣ꣬һ㶼֪
ֻǿԺĲЩͼˣ
СҪ˵һװǻƣŪ飡һİѷĿҪȼա
֪ʲôλѧ峵Ÿ߰˶Ϊ˶һϲװģԷѣ̲ˡ
ѧ峵СҪСЩҿСӾǸѧ޴竣Ͳȴѧź˵˵Ůģǲ֪ܣ޳֮ȣ
Ů佱Էѷҧġ졣
λ黭ͨ˵һ̳һУҲûȵϣ㣬ɶᣬ֪ɱɱĲѧ
粽á
黭ͨҲҴ٣̥ѧܻ٣ҲŻᱻƭѷݺݵĿ
˼ʹѧˣһ˼츳أԼû츳Ҫɱˣŵ
˫ĻǹͷǺߡ
£ʲô˭˭ˣ
黭Լû츳ߣ츳ߣܳΪѧԺʷһʦʿ˵ֵģ
˫ѷ䣬ŲһӰ˽
Ǹߣ뷢ףһʣŭ
֮ǰĹܼңں档
׷µʦ½ˣ
ʦ
ˣѷٲҶ죬ͬʱ
ղ˵˿ͥԺĲһˮīѵڵˣ£
Ķˣһ߽ߵ۾ϣȻղĻܼרź˵ˡ
ʦһſں˵ᣬҽѾϰ˹Σʦ㿼ʡѷʦעСǲãæ
˵ˣ
½ʦüëһ
ҡ
ѷɫǵ͸죬ȴ˵ϻ
ĵλȻܸߣҲţƣõʦǰǲĺԶ
ǳѷ½ʦٴοȻĻպһƷҲҼһ£
˵һ֡
ܼǰݹһչ
һˮīصţһչһµϢɽ尲ȺͯϷˣƺв죬Ҷ趯һɽˮ԰
⡭ͷ
һϲֻͨܿͣʲô
Ҫú˵Ǵʦ㣬ϲ˵ģʱ򣬾ͱ˵ˣ鶼ԣ˵ãͿֱӻȥˡ
ԥżĴ
飿
Ц
֪λ½ʦڣԺͲڷϻˣ
ⲻǸԼ鷳𣿲ĿԼ˵Է϶Ҳῼ飬ϾѾγϰߣģ¸Ĳˣ
ڼͣ͸ë߰
Լƨͨܿʲô⣿˵ʲôۣ
Էǵʦͨ黭ں˵Ūûû˵꣬ͱԷùӸϳȥˡ
ôѵʲô⣿
ӣ½ʦ
ûУ
ͷһĪչ֯ʻ㣬˵һЩöԷëĻͻȻһ
ͼٶʶǡܲܿͼȱ㣿
뵽⣬̲סǰһǰָᴥһ¡
ˣ
һһ鼮Ժ
ݣã̧ͷĿ⾼½ʦ΢΢һЦʦҼͣ
½ʦûлش𣬱ʾĬ
а˸ֵ
Ը꣡½ʦ
ͷǰͼתһȦ̲סҡҡͷ˸ǡƨͨʲô⣡
ԣΪ˵ʲô⻰һĹܼҲûιȥæֹǴʦµĻ


49 ôģ
ʦµģ
һĻҲˣûվֱˤڵء
ǰ½ʦҲǼͻû飬ɡδóԼĻ
ô
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˵½ʦĻƨͨʲô⡭
ҪѪĳ嶯
㲻˵ǡô£
֪滹˵Լʦѿ϶Ѫ
ǲѿ
ǰŪ
Щڴһˣ
½ʦϲĺѧˣӲӹϲ˹ѧϰѯ
һ￴Ķţзִ磬ΪǸĺѧļһǵôʦˣԼҲҸͷûԼ£û뵽Ҳ̫ˣ
óӻˡ
֪ˣֱӾܾͺˣﱻԼ鷳
Ҫ裬һİѷҪЦ
ǲһĶ֣һĶѡ
һȻ˵½ʦƷǡʲô⡱룬϶Ѵʦ׵ˣԼ֣ʦ϶Ҳúýѵ֪Сһ٣
˵ѧ峵Ÿ߰˶黭ͨ
һЦѷ
ղŻոտԷԷ˵⻰ѧ峵Ÿ߰˶ģ
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͹ܼҳǲĽţķ裬ѷĵⲻͬ½ʦδΪԷĻ˵ۣɫȻĿλСֵܺγԣѵ׾ʲô⣿
Ҳ֪ǴʦƷͻ֮£װȵģæ
ͼ鼮ȱݣҲעߣȻ֪ǰλ½Ʒװ֪ˣ
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ʦ˵ҾͷˣһЦǰͼĦ˵ǴʦҲֻ˸ֵֱǹƨͨʲô⣡
ܼٴ⽹ۡ
֪ǴʦĻ˻˵СӣǲǷˣ

ͣһ¡
ʲô
ȷôҸֱ߽˾ܻ˵ʲô⣬Ņ̀ˣܿεĶԻᱻΪˣģ

εĶô½ʦ΢΢һЦ
ܼ򵥣ܼҳǲͷȡذף
ãǲ½ʦһۣδԣת˳ȥʱ䲻һذס
Ҿ׳ˣ
ذףֱǰֱ˹ȥ
ҪʲôľٶѷǰһʦĻÿһֵǣ޼֮Ūˣ𣿡
Ҳһɻ
㿴ͿõӸʲô
ѷĺǳ⣬ذ׽ȱĻи
һ죬汻иĲһ˺ͼ䣬Ȼͷļвһ㣬ͼһֽƤ

ֽ˺¶ƤϵĶȻҲһ֮ǰֽϵļΪƣȴʮ㣬͸¶鶯·ɽʯľᡢͯʱһ㡣
û֮ǰֽϵĻֻǼٵģĻ͸ֽӡƤϣǴʦУҿֽЦ
⡭
ۻܼһǰѷȫɴ۾š
͸ֽƤһҪֽϵĻ˿ȱ㡭Ҳ̫ˣ
ؼϵ޷죬û˿϶ôģ
ɿ½ʦ۾һ꣬ζ
ͬʱҲ𺳡
Լ͸ֽţƤı죬ҲǸոģδǰչʾһ¾ͿҲҲδ̫ǿˣ
أ
½ʦٴתͷָǽϵһͼ
Ǹͼ滭һͷ޴ޣͻɽڣǿҵ𺳣СĿһͻŵ̱ڵأ˵
ߵǰḧһ£漴һЦȻȴȱʣҲµĲͷޣߣδֻܶ϶ѣ
⡭
½ʦȫһԲ
˲֪ȴ֪Էʲô˼
ΪҲƷ
ͼϵ޽Сۡһֺ˵κα޷˺޵С
ȷδⶫͶԷ˵һܻǷ˲鼮ġ
Ʒ֮һΪ˲Źڿмλã黭ʦ꣬޲ڣԼʮ㣬ƻֺ꣬ôĿȱʣ
ԷȻܿһľ۹ӹɣ˿һۿԼûۣ˵Ȼ
ȱʣɷϸ֪
뵽⣬½ʦû֮ǰ߸̬֮æʵ

һֱǣץûκΰ취ĵʦȻһʮ̣ѷҪˡ
ǻĿͣգͣеͬ
һôģ


50 ƽ۽
ܼ򵥣֪𺳣һЦޣȻ޵Уȴͣͬһó칥ٶʤ֣أԵǿѹԲ³ϢǷͬǺɽһޣȴʶŪˣܶʲô
½ʦһΡ
Է˵˵̫ˣ
֮ǰһֱΪ۷޵УӦúɽһѣʱһ鼮ƺܹޣٶȼ죬ɱΣΪˣ˼ݣ
黭ʦɻľŪⶼˣĶҲͱֻ˵û˵ֵĻѾܸˡ
ããһ½ʦ˷ܵɫǺ졣
һŻˡɺϣţ˳һѪѾ֪ǰ꣬Ȼᣬȴʵʵ黭ʦ
ˮƽֻ߲ͣ
׵ã֪٣ܳΪʦ黭һ;ܳңƽʱ˽⣬Щ˶Ӧޣûܿ˵ָȱˣ
ҲΪˣž㿪Żٺѧϣܹˡ
˿̣һܹ˵ȱ㣬ָģ֪ˣβ˷ܣ
û־ǿƵļˡ
ʦ˷ܵģͰѷ˶һۣû֮ǰĶ죬ȫԲҪϡ
λʦСʶ̩ɽ治ģκ¶ϣϴιרҹ顿ֵǣûһۣսˣ
شһѵ˵ģ
뵽⣬ˢˢԶ꣬ôʮͨûκ֮
СϿҽһλӣ
ɻ󣬾½ʦʻ
ܣѯʣһ£ûʶԷ֣һ죬̲סͷˣʲôš
⻰һİѷһģ
ղԴ׳ԵİΪԼŮ񱻱˽ȵˣ޲ÿһ٣ڲֶ֪֪
֪
ľỹû½ʦ𣺡ʲôѽѽûһأλСֵܣƽ۽ԺҪƺʦ
ƽ۽
ΣѷˣһĹܼҳǲҲһǿһĿ
½ʦʲôݣ
׷µʦĵʦ
û˸ҺƽΪһͱʾǹµĳ
֮ˣȴҪһʮƽ۽ûɣ
ҵĻû
˷½ٴκǳ⡣
ǣѷæͷʦ
ÿû뵽λ½˿εҡͷֻײ˴ʦĻѣ䲻ϴʦĳƺţ
ԭСֵܣ˵ؾǹأһָҵĴ֮˵黭коȺⶼƲϣʦҲ˵½
Ц
ָ󲻼٣ƾˮƽģͼ
ⶫ˵ˣʲô¶ɶͷԣһ±ơ
ˣҪƴˣЩԺǳͺã
֪Щʲô½ʦڵ
ȳ⣿
ѷҪ޳
ģһ¾ͱүүˡ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һƵĶˣ½ʦɻĿСֵܸСӦòйɣ֪£ܰæ
˵ʦ鼫࣬ҹһЩصĹ
ԼĿģæ
Ϊǧܴᡣ
ȷ٣Щ黭֮ǲ࣬صģֻмҵ鷿Ҵȥ
Ŀģ½ʦЦۺ룬վ
ү鷿ܼҳǲ̲סǰ
ү鷿ղŲٴҵĹ±ʮ󣬴Ӳ˽룬ϴ׷¹⣡
һŮ֪ܽȥɨֱȱУ
Ϊˣ½鷿ǾԽеĽû˸ҽȥ
ȴүҪһʶȥЩ֪롣
ҵ鷿ñ˽մ˳׵ϢСֵұˣ黭ʦܽȥָ㿴֮ʲôģ
½ʦɫһ
ǣǲæ˵һࡣ
Ȼ黭һϲͨ˿Ҳ֪ղ˵Щ϶ûκˣ
ҪȻүҲ̬תһٰʮȣ˺Ͱס
ߣ
½ʦǰȥһᣬһķ䡣
ǻﲻѵĴʦ鷿еĲȻʮַϰ˸ָ鼮ʮ֮࣬һУͬһͼݡ
֮У㿴ȥȻͶԷ˵һȫ黭֮鼮ؼ֮ģûС
ߣһͼǵµģ
½ʦЦŽܣ鷿һ˹ȥ


51 
һ鼮֮࣬һصģҲصģͺѧԺһԽ߼Խ٣ڵصĹֻʮ
Ȼ٣ȴʤޣ
Ϊ֮ܺǰһи١ǧɸѡڿˣ
ҲͻȻѧԺˣÿʲͬʺϵĹҲͬȫһɲ䣬ôʩ̣ȻҪؼ˼ά
ղزͬʺĹҲһˣռʮ౾Ѿǲˣ
ʮ飬һԺжؼ
ôЩ̫ͼˣСֵܵ۾
ֻᷭһ£ݿ¶ûͷ£½ʦɻʵ
ûУҲֻ㿴ҡҡͷɨһۣ־⼸ǣͻȻһָԶһ鼮Щǡ
ŶǸµģϲѼ˲ٹؼȥ󣬽鼮ˣ½ʦһЦҪģƤëѣֵһᣡ
ȻҲƤǾƤĤҪģֻʵǿ
ڲУֻǸСˣ޹ؽҪ
ҿԿ𣿡
ʵ鼮ǧ֮࣬ЩĶ̲סʵ
ӵͼݣҪôֻҪ㹻࣬ȥߴ澫ȥα棬õĶ
ȻƤëҲʵٽô鼮ȥȷ·Чȫͬˡ
Ҳû㹻عȿЩܵõһЩʾ
СֵҪ㣡½ʦ΢΢һЦ
ȻȻǲģôô
Ҿ³çˣͷǰһ鼮֮ǰķһַġ

ǡ
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ҲԣλСֵȥصʵѴﵽأʵѾƤǾ벻Ҫˡ
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ͼǧ鼮һǰâһһûд鼮ʶ
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ˮҲʢˮľͰľͰ̣ʢŸˮߵˮ
ƪһ仰éٿ
԰
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Ƥ֮ëɸ
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ͼɸѡĹȻԺͽˣ
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ڽⱾ鼮꣬Ҳķһ顣
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ǰ鼮һâ䣬ϳĸ֡
ԺúţѾˣ
鼮ȥúһȴ֣ղſʱ򣬲֪Ȼ׹ˣ
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ûдĺܿ죬ֻ֪û뵽Ҳ֪ɵġ
֮ǰѾľ飬֪ûдĹ°빦ٶȼ죬ҲϵԺ̫ѣֻû뵽ֻһ鼮ݣɡ
ЩЦá
ȲˣȻûҵ㹻ع幦ʵӦҲ˲ٽ
½ʦңûﵽĿ꣬ҵ㹻عȴҲõ׬ˡ
ֻͬɼɺӵʲôʵһ֪Ƥ£֪
Ҳ˵Ȼȴ֪ʵ˶٣֪û
ȻҲҪѾˣȥֻҪҵʯһ¾ͻ֪ˡ
Сֵܣڸʲô
һ½ʦ˿ͷдʺš
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ǿ鿴̫࣬Щ߻ħ˰ɣ
Ҳû
ǰǾһţѧһ׹似Ҫ꣬ãֻҪ죡
Ϊˣʲô似ѧҪڻͨһţһĹûԼ߻ħˣ
ǰ꣬ͽΪ۷壬黭ִﵽʦ磬ᡭλǰһ̰ãʲô˰ɣ
Сֵܡ
ɻҲ̲סǰҪ˼
ڸп񹦵ǿ󣬾һһԼϡ
Ŷ½ʦ
عżһת˺һ¡
أ
һ죬žͼ½ʦ˲䵹ɳȥײһϣ鼮ˤһء


52 Ҫ޵½ʦ

һ
ղתٶȲ죬Ҳûʲôô½ʦͷɳȥˣ
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֮ǰۿ鼮йڴָļأһѪ˹ȥ
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һһ״СĿռǰ˽ңʮ֮ࡣ
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㣿ҲǲԣֻҪ͵͵ϵЩƱһҲʲôЦӯӯĿ
㡭㡭
ͫһīʦǼ˹һš
ѨƭӣȻƭ϶Ҳ˱ץ龰ղߵʱΪ˷ֹץĽЩĽƱϣΪˣŴ󷽷ĽָȥĿľΪԶԷ
ֻҪӳȥʧȥ˴ָһЩңƾеĽƱɿǵĸ̣ɽ
Ϊúأζû뵽Сӣ֪ˡ
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ʵǿҲܿ·ֲеĽƱɣ

÷ϻһץһ¾ͽԷ·˺Ȼ¶ʮŽƱÿһŶʮȻа֮ޣ
ջˡ
ôǮã˫۷Ź⡣
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ԷǮĵط֪īʦɥû֮ǰ緢Ϳ޳
ǺǣīѧͽְҵƭӣԼʦΪƭƭɫͨ似̸ԹƻģȻŷ
ҲɽţЦӯӯĽͼйλʦĽ˵һ顣
㡭㡭ô֪㵽˭
īʦīͫһ֡


58 ôģ
ղűԷ˵ƱҲţЩαװģʵʵľֻ֣еһֱ£Ҫɱˡ
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ؼܶ࣬ġ似ġġЩܹҵڣĿҪֹھ
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үүҪΪ
б޵ľ춯ء
ΪóϵӣСŽԿ׳󣬼츳һֱأȴһӶûܹĴ۶һ飬û˾ͺܲˡ
ȥ鷳ӣͷȥԷŮСгкȣ˵Цݺûã۵Ҳˣؼǡ
үү㲻˵ͷʨѵǸΪʲôǵҴһ١
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ΪˣʨҪʲôԼ⣬ԲÿԼɫ²Լ뷨
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ȿȣʨһͷúȰȰԼ޳⸱ģ˾ܾгɫһ죬˰֡
үүһҪҺúýѵһȡĽʦʸ񣬸ϳѧԺ
֪үүͱʨҲֻƽȹϵܽѵԷбϼҧ
һʦʿ˵ֵķô棬ˣҵֳ㾡֮ˮҲϴ壡
İɣһᴦ֪ʲôʺˣȻյѧûкʵĽڣңҪһλעʦҲ鷳ģ
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59 ѧԱ
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ۺ˵ƭȴĳвȣ֮ȴԨ֮
ƭֻ˵λʦԸ⣬вȣǾǵϵĶ
вȣȷгһ㶡
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ɣȥѽʦĪ֤ѧĿָﲢʵѧĽʦʸ񣬵пܣԥһ£гϵ
лүүб˷Ŀһ
нʦȻҲпˡʦݵ֯ǽʦᡣ
˽ʦľٶҲԳǵʸǰ۹ͽֵĹܲࡣ
ʦΪʦѧҪöԷĸԸУвȣѧԿʸ
жѧǷʵѧѧĿķ
Сӣ⣬ʧȥ˽ʦʸҿôţ
뵽ܱһ֮бȭͷһˬͷβ

֪Ѿ˶¼ƲߣһҹϢ棬žӿȥƤ⻬𪣬ͬӤû˿̺֮£˿Ҳ˲٣֪ݣŪûΪѧ
пһ༶ȥͿѧѾѷȫɨĸɸɾȵĿˮպˡ
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⼸ѧտʼƭˣһʦʿ˵һļһΪʦڿΣȫ֪ǰȻãȴǸʵʵ
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60 ΰ
ǴԽڣ֪ĺ䶯𾪣Ҳ޷˱˼һȻٴóһ飺ҸոдķֵӦڰҳ׽
û˻ֽó˹
ԬΣãϴθǻģӱ֣ҲǵصרŸдһǵΪ°빦
ȻѧȻƫ˽Ҫзݡ
ЩͼݽϽʦؼΪӱģȱУؼȣȴǺˡ
Щؼ
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˵ϣǸߵף֮ǰЩ֮һȣֱеȫûɱԣ
ʦЩ顭Ƕ
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61 ң
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뷨һð漴ʲôһԭ˫ɣѹҸղ֣һȻ鷳ﲻֱӳȥ֣ҪſڣԭӢ۾ע⣬ߣ


62 еб
Ůߵﶼע⣬ΪŪֶָΣֻΪ࿴һۣӢ۾Ѿӹ׵·ˣ
ŶΣҪôչҪôǱԷһ٣ȻԼ
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һţԥƬ̣㻹̧Žȥ
ֻǺ棬̸ϲб˶Դ϶Ϊ𣬲ô˵Թۣ


63 Ī鳤
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ĪϣοҪ鷳ˣгϿһŵһλߡ
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Ҫǲʦٱ˵ѧλʦвȣרѧĿʣһ֪飡
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ȻѡѧĿʣȻҪ˵ⶨϺ˭Ϊʦ˭ͻʤȻзҪȰѳͷ˵
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64 ζ
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ȡʦʸͲһˣʧȥݣߵʲôطΪ۵㣬˳Ц
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65 ʮ
ҪʦѧζȣҪʮӲԱ׼򣬲ܳɹĪ鳤ϵͷ
ʮг̲סࣺôߵζȣѧȻȸĸ
ĸͶŮСʹһζҲʮңʦѧĹϵҲﵽ̶ֳȣ֮󣬿֪
ѹûһλʦʵ̫ˣ
ѧԺ½Ѱٽʮܱ꣬ˮƽĻлΪ̣Īۺ롣
ʦ±عףҪȥѧͽһ㣬ΪʦǱߵ·
̣
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֪Ƕ˽ڵѧжζȡ̲ס
⼸׬˲ڶѧԱӦܴﵽʮңϾˣĪҡͷ
ǽʦĳϣԲʦһ
⵹ǣ
гͷ
λѣȴܿ죬ʱһС¾ܳ׻ٵȻʦҲûôˣ
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ǻ᳤Ůȷţ˵ˣĪź룬ĵͷ
̷Ϊ͡С𣬲ʮͳΪһԱֻǵͼҲֲܿˣ

ԷȷϣгϽס̾
ȻǺѧԺ̵ΣʵҲֻǸ߼ʦʦĵͼ̸ʸġ
п꣬гڶ˵̲סͲۣĪϣ㿴жζȣ

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ǰ꣬쿪ʼ͸棬û뵽ľϲ
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ȻԼ鷳ȻҪбѵľ
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68 ݼʦ
үү峤˵ǿʦǱǰʮҵĳΪѴﵽ۷壬ʦҲֻа벽֮ǿߣΪʲôҪݷ㣿
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69 ˿
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70 
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գ磬ģ
б󡢲ۡץͷһˡ
Ĵ̼һӼĶࡣ
˭ѧԺ꼶ǰʮĳţĸʦѧгҲƾԼ̵εݣųɹɻ񡭡
ţټҼ׿㡭ľȻܾˣ
бֻоܵһ˺촭ˡ
֮ǰԷвѧ˼峤ͰѶ˹Ҫǡգ
ҵ࣬ҵĸΡ
гϸѪʺתʱ
𣿻
ǳϣ̵Σ˵ҵĿΣȥһʦʿΪֵļһﵹҲˣؼա
гϾ;Լ汻˺ݺ˺ڵϣ޲иطȥ
̫ˣ
Ѽˣ
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ղѾʦĹˣڿ
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գ֡
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71 ŵİСү
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λѷȻͲȴţʮʹﵽ۷壬Ƕպ
׷רۣ˵пܳΪıѨǿߣ
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ѧԺһʦĳѧУ
ܿеģš
ЩְҲ˹ֻǡʲôʦ
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룡
Ȼ֪ʲôԭгɲҵæ֡

ʱ䲻һ˽żӣȫһףĿĮ
䲻ȴżǿϢȫ̫ҫǿѹ
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һҵĴ۵ҰСү鷳ˣŭ븮ۡųն׷һ仰û˵һ٣˰ѷСүš
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72 ޷
Ʋס
СүĿʦʵгϻҪ⡭ôܣ
ղŵûķ̫ʱ䣬˿˲ŷӦ
Ǹղ˵ʵµ˵˵ѵб󡢲۶ˣš
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Ȼ֣ȴһɰѷ˵ѡ
˲֪λСүʷǷҲ֪Ժöϲ˴ܣһ첻ϼƤλѵʵ
뵽⣬һɴ۾֮ǰΪǷꡣ
ƽ棬Ƥ𪡢⻬ʵ仹ҪСôǸ֣
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͵ô𣿡
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͵ʵװƣΪǰѷѧУҹôҲ˻ɵԼϣζû뵽Ÿһϣһͳˡ
ֵôҲزסˣ

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Ȼʱ䳤ˣԺֻҪԹԱֵĻ϶ҲܳΪʽѧԱġ

һгᡣ
ѧԺϣ̵ΣĴѡѧµã˵˿Σؼ˿κиȥҲˡȥ˵
ѧԺʦ
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üëһ塣
ҽѧûӼûѧ߻ħʦʿȻûﵽ㣬ȴҲˣֻһľȡҽʦʸ񣬾ʦҲûȨ
۷ĺ
ģЩ̫ɻĿԶĪϡ
ǽʦĳϣЩ֪
ȷˣĪϵͷʦʸ񣬾ʦˣûرӼһǺѿġ
üͷһ塣
ǰǰĽʦְԱҵƣ̿βѧУҲûʸ񿪳ģҲûʸ񿪳ǷʲôΥʦʦ顣
ߵҲࡣ
Ǵĵʱû˵̲ס
ĵʱ򣬻Ϊܹʵ֣˵ˣ֪ʦʸôѣ罫ѧԺˡ
ȿȣΪ䣡ĪЩΡ
ʦʿΪ㣬ֽ̳һ߻ħģҪϸȷܱ
֮ǰĪҲΪ䣬ûϸ˵û뵽Ӯס
ʵԼĻҲûа취ǡĪʲôԥ
ʲô
ǡʦʦѧͽ׿ȷʺʦȻϱʦᡭĪϵ
ʦʦѧͽȥҡҡҡͷʦʦѧͽʦҵ߸ϵԼȥʶҾʶ˼ҲСԼ
üͷ𣬾ͼֵʦٴ˽һȭʵڷ
гϣһλԳƻĹ˵Ҫʦ


73 ۵ķ
СҲˣ
ѷ۾һ
½ʦǸѧϰԼһܹˣСôܲ
˵䣬һӰ˽ɫĳ£µչ¶ƤѩȻ˿ѷɫ
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ţ֪ԷͰѷĿһüģеЩͷۡ
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С㣡
ھһôԷ˵ͿһĪϣһߵǰԻһȭ
С㣿һгϣʲôһ˼ɫףѵǡѵǽʦƻ᳤ǧλʮͳΪͼ̵Ů
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ꡭרҵİɣ
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ղŻſѵĲۣŵɫףˡ
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ˡٴվĿҲӮʦʿ˵֣߻ħѧԱֻҪϱʦᣬϸ˲飬ͬᱻʦʸ񣡡
νʦʿ˵֣ǺѧԺڲĿˣûȨԣ޷ʦʸ񣬲ȴȫ԰ϱᣬһȷʵͬᱻ
οһ߻ħѧԱ
һʹʦˣ
㲻õ⣡ڿ˲ʦʸԼҲֲ˶ˣھͻЩϱʦᣬǽйƽþ
۵ĺб۾Ҳһٴȼһ
Ѿ˺ƤԷǿƣûӹȻܷŹˣ
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гҲһ»ָݹ⣬ͦñֱ
ǱסˣȻ֣Ҳù


74 ̵٣
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֪ǺãͻȻһһ뷨ð˳ٴοгбˣ΢΢һ̣Ȼǲ·ǾͲ˼ˡ

㲻ܵҿȥ˽ʦᣬܼܲ⡭Īϡɣб˷ܣһЦ
ЦûͿ˫ֱһĿгᡣ
ƺʲô˵ֿǵ˵ǲ˵
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Щǿ϶˵ģ
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Ȼ֮ǰСү˵ʵǿ׼ɿһȭôǲţŵüһ°Ϳڵϡ
رѨǿߣÿһѨһһֻܿʮﵽ۷壬ҲԶô࣡
һȭ񲻱ȻﵽѨ۷壿
ɡżǰŶйԣֻ۷壬һھӺü𡭡
ⲻܰɣ
Ҳû˵ô찡
ȫɻĿĽ͡
شҶ֣ǰԣֻôʱͱɱѨ˰ɣ
˵ķӦʵҵΪһͻͽģǺʹһͰżǰȻûʮ嶦֮࣬ȴҲ󣡡
żǰôࣿ԰ʱʦʿˣΪˡ
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һ˵Ҳ׹
ʦʿΪ㣬ʵֻǽ񴦹ٷĽ˵ʱ򣬲ûڳ
Ҳ˵񴦺п٣


75 гѪ
֮ǰҺʦֹ̽ʦʿ˵⣬شÿһ⻹˵ߡ˸𰸣ЩҶش𲻳ѧ̶ȣʱ֣˼򵥵ʦʿˣôһֲãԭǼٳɼ
Ҳʲô̲ס廰Ŀдŭ
ϳԷרſԷԴʱ;֣ղŵĶԻڡȻ򡱡
϶شȷˣ̵û֣
Ҳ˵дľûκ⣬ɡĵĽ̵ʦǽ֮г֣
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪ
ѹʦһֱ˵Ҷͬ£һ˵϶ӰϵӰѧԺΪԸһ˱峤ԽԽסȻ򡱡
ûղʦһֱԥҪҪ˵
ǱƵΣͬ¹ڣ±ٶ⣬ĬĬܡѹҲֻչʾΪδϸ˵ϸڶǲ³ġ
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ʵҸղŵ˼˵񴦿˵Ĳ׼ȷôһ»ˣ
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˵ĪϣԽ˵ԽӴø߸ߣЩȻûȷ֤ݣҿǴͷβѧĿʣ´עֱȡгֶΣôĽ飬ĪϹۣ
Īһ򼵶𣬽ԷĻרŹɨʦģȴгһֱøַѹʦ
ʦһֱʵ֤ȷġ
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гֻͷۻҪˡ
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76 ߻ħѧԱ
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г֪ʦʿ˵飬ôͣ˶ţóӣҲ٣ֱӰ°˳
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77 
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78 ʱͻƣ
Է˵ûκδ߻ħǰȷ⣬ÿλǳѣȫ˺Ѱʹ
һֱΪԼ䷨ѵ
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79 ʦȳ
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ͨ˵ѨͳСһǵ൱ڻˮҪˢɾܣƷ൱ˮ˻궼δܳˢɾѨǰ׾١
ѨһΧʱӿ˽ȥ

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ȥͶԷƴʱ򣬶ʦĴ


85 飨У

ʹҸղŽУǰУŴһ飬ֻ֣Żҽţһв䣬ȭͷָ¹磬סһ磬ܶҲ٣
Ҫﵽزʹãʦ㴫ݹԬȫ̲סһĪ˼֡
ƴˣˣ
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ǰһץĳ֣̲סһ㶣ͷһһӭ˹ȥ
ƻûԬθǰͼߴұƶߣǡɶĹ
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ԬʵͲ٣ǰ֪ţ׼ܻǷǳ򵥵ġ
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ˣ˼ҴˣԬΣҪٶˣһࡣ
á⻰˿˵䳡滰Ȼת뿪ʦ֣ղŲҲȥɣ

һ㶡
Ӧ뿪ôҪñ˼ԣ
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ղ֣һһ߷ɣʵôңԬεľ飬ֻҪֹԷзʹã϶£
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86 飨£
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أ
ûӦͱӲС
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ȻѾʮѨʵʵıѨǿߡ
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Ȼʵǿ죬ԼҲ˲ѪսĻ߶£ûж֣Ǽ֣Ҳ򲻹
ôôʱͱ


87 ʦ
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齫ղŵ˵һ飬ڵаʩչһ顣
ĻģµУ½ѰͺƳ϶һۣԶԼĶǲɫͬһѿ
˵ǸѧһԬΣУ㡭Ҳû
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ղŵ飬רſԬεϣСĸ˫ûѧκ似ҲƤܹѣѧ˸ǵһôܽλĵĸִܣ
ҪҪôţ
ңҲˣĲҲܽ似
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ɡ
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ѧĿʣŪĶ󣬲ʦ֪顣
ݺλʦôг϶ܰ⵹ýʦ֣
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½ѰƳǱסβһͬʱһɴ۾оǷˡ
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ѧԺʦ


88 ʦ
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ֽһЩŴһڡ
ദѾӦʦְҵԽԽʦߵķ緶
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š֣ȭͷһɫǺ졣
ղŵ£֪½ѰʦҪսʦҲ֪˶עǡ
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ټʦ
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˵ʦһȭʮ嶦
ѷСүҪ̣

һã˾̲סѯʽѧĿʵ顣
Ҳûȫ˵˳
ʦʵӵбѨʵʱһ𾪵Ըӣ۾Ź⡣
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ҡҲͬ⣡ЩȵӱҲҧ
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˵ˣ£ƴȣһҪЩƲʦ˿дżᶨȣѧģ

ºԡ
֪ԼѧԱѾ־˿̵ڽüͷɸ
šӱģıԼڵĹºʵܹ֣ʲʤҲǿúָ㣬Ϊһز⣬ΨһǵԬΡ
һǸɢޣûпɽûûôӴٽЩˡ
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վ߳˷䡣
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Ϊˣʦʮ֣ÿ춼ɽ˺ǰҩѯʵʤ
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ڵڶַԱ˵ںܶ鼮ҵϢ룬ӵͼ֣Ͳһˡ
˾ʦǰ̨˹ȥ


89 ѩķŭ
ѩʦǰ̨ĽӴԱ־ԸǳΪһʦϧ츳У˼Σѧͽûϡ
֮£ֻñǰ̨򹤣Ŭѧϰ
ǰ̨Աʲôʵ뻹ǲģ۵ĵҩɣȻݶ࣬۵Խ࣬õĺôҲԽ࣬һ룬ͬˣҪ塢ֹ
벻ȴһ춼ǹǡΪò
ʮңõ껪ؼǸĸһƯò˵ѰҲϰһˣ
ƯǺ£ֻҪŮ˶Ӧմմϲ﹤Ͳһˣͷ¶棬ÿ춼ҹӹܹڨָ˼Ҫ
кüÿô򣬸ñˣʤᷳ
ΪԱֲܽߣҪôˣֻҪ˵ģԼ϶ù
ԸЩҪĲӬ
аֹһ£·Цվڹ̨֮УžͿһ˽
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ԷĻϹŵЦһ³ѩɫѿ
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ʦ˽⣬ѧԺ֪һЩģѧѧĲ⣬ʦʦģǺߣûнʦʸǲȥġ
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ңĵҲˣкõĹ߻ħˣ˭ģ
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ֻǸͨʦδѧȻʲôѧͽʲôǿԿ˵ģΪʦҲҪѧ֪ʶ
ˣ뿼ѧͽѩ϶Էǹڨģŭȼգ˿̼װģ˵ҪʦѧͽҲ̲סðǱ߾п˵㣬ھʹȥ
㲻װ
ھʹȥ㻹ܲװȥ
ȻֻѧͽȴʦѧͽһҪɸѡ˸֪ʶԼ˺üˣˣһֻṴŮ竣ʲôѧͽ඼ûϹʲôҩ顢鶼ûҲ뿼
ʲôЦ
ߣ㵱ۣҴ»ΪҺƭ
ѩ͹ߡ
Ǳ߾У
ôȥˣ
ѩЦ
ðԷԻҩһҡҡͷȥͻȻЩεĿˡѧͽɶݣҪʲô𣿡


90 
㡭
⻰ã⻰ѩֻؿڷģ˶챬
ȻڨˣīҲˡҪúøУҲҪֵĲѧ֪еѧʰɣ
⵹ãڿ˵Ҫѧͽȴɶݶ֪ʲôҲ֪ҲʵĹһЩ
ôˣҲ֪֪ʱˣ
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Ůǲв֪ϸ˵֪ˣôŪһһէһ
Է㲻Ūҡӣѩֱӷ
ãװһᣬ㶪ۣ
ʦѧͽҪסʮҩҩԡʦʷǿѹסŭѩ͡
ʦǺҩĴ򽻵ְҵҩĶʶ𲻳ô
½ҩʤʮֿ࣬ʵֻģЩʦҩĴ򽻵һӣвϲ˵һЩѧͽˡ
ͿЩܼ򵥰Щҩĵ鼮ȥͣһ㶡
ֻҪ飬ͼݾγ鼮¼ԺΪ֪ʶ
ֻЩĻ˵Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
ǱȹĿҪǿ
򵥣
ѩһ飬Ҫǹ˼ɶԷǹ˿ֻͣǷԱ϶Ͷˡ
ÿһҩģԲͬҩĴ䣬ַֻӦסʮҩľͺֲܿˣ˵Щˣϼ˺ü궼ǲס˺׻
һӵܣ֪椵ļһȻ˵򵥣
װװһôճ
ѧͽĵط鼮ۣɣ
жԷ˵ע⣬ҲûôˣһЦǰȥ
ʱ䲻һķ䣬д֡áһǰڿ顣
ǿѧͽĵط롣
λˣҲ뿼ѧͽֳʮˣûɹѩһߴ򹤱ѧϰ
ʮ궼ûͨˣѶȡ
壡ѩͣ
ˣҪ黹Ҫˣ
ˣ̧ͷЦЦ
ңλ˵뿼ѧͽѩЦһָ
㲻˵Ҫھ͸㱨ʲôһᣬôճ
ѧͽʦԳ⣬ɶͳƣŭʦ޵ʱ򡭡
Ҫˣ
˿üͷһ塣
Լѧ˶ʮ궼һ￴Ҳʮˡ꣬ʲô
ǣͷ
ֻгΪѧͽܽʦĳͼݿ飬û취ֻһˣ
֪뷨϶ᵱѪ
ѧϰ챳Уʮ궼һû뿼ˣ桭ôװĺ
ǧңͨ˸㣬ͨˣΪ˷ֹɶᣬȴ󹤷򣡡
ȷϣ˵˱
ãóֵһǧĽƱ˹
ıӶƭīѾ۲ƣǧңʲô
ȻǮ竣
óǮ˿ûԥѩȷԼжϡ
ǧңǣҪþòܳһΪԼע⣬óʲô
ֻϧǮٶô˷򣬷ǵԤЧЦ
ţǮӹ˵ͷһ¼Ϣĵӣŵպһˣʱʱɣ
ʱ
ѧУߵһ˾ҪһʱȻٻȥˣпѧͽõܲ￴һ᣿
ҪĥǹԣǸĶǣ뿴ѡʱſ飬Щ˰ɣ
һָ
ȥȻ󿴵һ鼮ڵ飬ʮܣ֮ࡣ
ôࣿ
ѹѧͽÿ˵סЩ鿴꣬ҲҪ
Ҿ㿴Ҫ򡭡˵߽䡣
鼮˵ҪǮһӡͼݳΪԼ֪ʶ˸ʲô
̣ͦ챾ͺˣװʲôʱ򣡡
Էô飬Ȼװģ߽ȥ˵ҪѩҲ뿪һЦ
˵ʵҪģûôҪģ
ɶ֪Ȼֱ׳ıѧͽҲˣȻ˵Ҫȥ顭
װӣκ˿ô飬¶ķ𣬾ǲɵɣ
ӽ򱾡Ҫ죬أ
Ȼô޳ܣҾ;װơ
˽칤ʱۣҲҪ㶪ۣ
ʱ󣬿ôԲ
ѩһĲᣬˡ


91 ֿ
ǰһû̸²ŮЩʲô֪͸ղŶ̶ʮʱ䣬ѾѷԱѩȥ
֪Ҳν
Ưֲܵԣؼʦ㻹ʮǧţ
˿̵ûЩһܸǰʮ飬һŷ£һ

ڶһ鼮ܿͱ¼ͼݡ
¼߿Ҳ˳ǸԱ˵һȷЩʦ֪ʶаҩĵı⡢ԡ࣬ҩ֮᲻ͻ
еĻɡ
ѹʦݸ߹󣬹ЩҪѱȳ˸Ѫ
ʲô
һֱſѩͣ飬û˼Ŀգգһԡ
ûҵԼ뿴ɣù
תͷһۣһ飬˹Ҳһɣʱ󣬶౳һŪɾͨˣ
ţѩͷٶ˵ӹ鼮ϸȥ
κְҵҪŬѧϰһͣʦΪˡ
ƵҩһϰҩģϴһͻᵼҩɷƷ˿á
ܿ죬ʱȥ
Ҳ÷󼸱飬̲ס˿
ѹʦԿˣ˵һôӣпһ
ʦ֪ʶеĴߣְҵҪʦְͨҵҲ˵ʦܽΪ֮࣬Ҳָ㡣
Ϊˣ˾Ϊְҵ֮ס
Ϊܼ򵥣ֻҪеղ裬һҩľˣڿǻ¡
ÿһҩģݲͬҲһҩͻָı仯ֻ֪ҩĵĻǲƳɹġ
һôӣʦնְҵ붼ÿ£
߳䣬ͿѩһվڲԶû뵽һɣ
ڲʲô£
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ֻҪѧͽѣҲӰɣ
װһ޵ʱ򣡡ѩҧгݡ
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ţΪǵŮˣ̧߽䡣
䲻ֻʮƽףѾżˣ¶֮ɫ
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ߣŵļˣһɫ
ʦʦһǼһˡ
ˣһʦûУӵһʦǺܲˡ
ֹŷ߽䣬һܣλܹˣضЩ˰ɣ

˶ЩΡ
ͨˣ˭˵аٷ֮ٵš
ȻˣҾͰѻ˵ױҷ֣ŷɴһӡ
ǣ˵ͷ
ǴӦŷɵͷؽ꣬˵˵˵ݣѧͽһأһԾˣԾһЩҩ֪ʶֻлشȷھʮϣͨ
ڶ֣ʱʶǸһҩģ޶ʱڣжϳʲôЩЧԣҪҪߣٷ֮ȷͨ
ڵ֣Ƚϼ򵥣Ϊﵽ۷УΪʲôҪҪ󣬺ܼ򵥣ʦѧͽʦǲģΪ̫ûУΰ¯ٷֱҩģ
ܹ˵ģ֪ѧϰˣ֪ĺ
ҲİһЩҲˡ
ǳ򵥣ֻҪشĶԣ̫ͨѡ
ȻҶףڿʼеһдԾʱһʱ
ŷ˵꣬ȡԾ
һۣһ顣
Ծһмʮ֮ࡣ
ʮԾһʱ
һĻôǰôƣ
û뵽Խ磬ΪʦˣҪԡ
ˡ
ʼ𣡡
Ծˣŷվһ࣬˫ֱ󣬰Ȼվ
ûˣҪף϶ᱻֱ֣Ӹϳȥ
ҲûףͷԾ
ȱݣ
ԾеͺԺһһ鼮֡
һۣЦá
ֻ鼮дʦᣬѧͽԾΪ·һĨ죬ȱ㣺һֽ̫˴ţ档ܺܺõ̺ī׷ɢ
ãҪǽ⣬Щֽʲôȱ㣡
ǿסѪĳ嶯Ծǽעϡ


92 İɣ
Ҷݵķ͵ؽָ
Ҷϵҩм֡

ԾϵĿ飬֮ǰǸŮԱѩ˵һҩйء
Ѱң
Щ⣬һһ鼮Ϸ˹ǰϴ򿪡
ҶݸͬɷΪϾƾھؽָС
Ժе鼮ݣܱʼ飬
ǰùӲʣȻëЩãǰϾרѧϰдּҲ̫

дĵ̫죬һ󻩻졣
⣬һռ䣬˼ڤ룬ãͼֱ֣Ӿҵ𰸣붼룬ֱӳдûκٶ֮죬զࡣ
ţ
һܣ뿴ſܱʼһĻŷüͷһ壬ɫ
Ǹӵܣ
ÿѧͽˣв֪ͨȴˣЩ˼ƣںǧҵѺֻ˽ͣȥԵıС
ˣʮƲġ
Ͷȡûʲô
ʮҩģʵʵƾ˾Ϊѧͽôõ£
ߣÿοˣ͡⣬ͬδйظٶζûãҪúַˣȻǮÿζˣְҵ˿Ц
һ˦кһ
Ծ䲻ܰʮҩĵԶˣȴ㣬ûжҩҩżΪ˽⣬ǲȷڰٷ֮ʮϵġ
ᣬĿûҷд˲ͱжͶȡɵӵܡ
ʦɻ䲻װݰʹ󣬳һ㣬ʧҩСŪû
Ϊˣѧͽˣʵϼ࿼ԱҪԿԡ̬ϸ۲죬ǰһһĿû壬ҷһ֪̬⡣
øԾʹж޷̡ͨ
̫ܶϣ˭شԾĿûôֱдģ˭붼룬īɵģ
˼˼ֱ𣬿϶Ǻд
κˣ¶ܰĿȫԡ
ʱʮŵԾȫꡣ

³һּһ飬û⣬˹ȥ
ˣô죿
֪ò˷֣˰ɣ
˵ʵʵ̫ˣҲ
ûɶؼŷǰ࿼ҲСҪùˡ

һȻ
һʱĿˣһʱͽѧͽʷϣδֹ
һĻ˶ãˣǾòʵûļȥˡ
һʲôʱʼ
˵ۣԾݸŷɣʵ
Ծ϶иԾʱ䣬ȷʱ䣬ҲǰȺ
ʻã⻰ŷֻŭȼգʱᱬը
ɶᣬҷһˣҲûκιϵɣ
ѧͽˣֻͨһʸ񿼺һˮƽһˡ
˯ûУ
ϾʽʦȻŭںһѧͽûϵСֳһڣţ֪ͨͽû֪ͨûͨԻȥˣ
Ŷ
ͷ߳䡣
ˣ
һ뿪ŷֽϵԾɸһߡ
˵ԾҲգֻŭ

߳䡣
ӵͼݣֻǿЩ֪ʶ˵̫ˣûκѶȡ
㽻ˣ˲һʱôŰʱͳˣ
忴߳һȡ
ѧͽԾ޴һʱʱ䣬ÿζǿ꣬ЩĿû꣬Ŵ𰸴޷ͨʱ߳ˣҲ˰ɣ
⻹𣿿϶ɣԱˣ
ѩЦ
㲻Ǻװ
ɶⲻᣬȥѧͽ֪Ѷ˰ɣ
Ǻǣ
ԷĻý͡
˵ͣԷ϶Ҳţ˷ѿ࣬ĽһȻ֪
ôˣװװ˰ɣ
ֱ飬ѩУı֡
вĻץʱ俴ҪߴᡣŮЩˣһԼ͸ǿһ
в
ϸһ£ǰҲʶ
ȻʶԼ鷳ʲô
ԡ
㡭
Ϊ𴩣һҸطȥһﵹãȻֱ׳˵Լв
вһǲ
ѩĺ٣˵ظͣ˶ըˡ
Ŷ֪ˣ
һ뵽һɣ׶ԷΪɶһֱԼ鷳ˣд֮⣬̲סҡҡͷдųϿҺͿġ
Ҫù鷳Ҿܶע⣬㣡뷨Ƿǳɵģ׸㣬ֻᣬ𵽷ã
˵̾ϢһֻϲŵŮˣϲģİɣ


93 Ծ
ǰѧʱҲϲһŮڶԷǰ֣ϧ֮ԣΪע⣡
ŮһʹԼԣҲһ
ҪȻ⸱̬ȣ
˵㳤Ҳ󣬿϶в׷󣬲Ҹʲô
ޱȵꡣ
׷Ҳʲô¡
Խɽ󰡣
ģ
ѩһֻһѪҪ³˶ˡ
ע⣬ֺҺòã
ʲôʱҹ鷳ˣ
ã
ҽһ£ǸĿʲôʲô
ô˵ҶǴŮϲôø޲ȥ㲻У
ҧĿ죬ѩͣ鴤·Ҫըˡ
Ҳ̲סΪǵļһֵʱ򣬾ͼ̾Ϣҡҡͷߵһĵ
ƵᣬһƬƲʡ
ˣѩǿõſڣһʦԺ뿼˾ˣ
忪ڡ
ǣ⻰ѩֻǿѹŭҲ
ǿſڣʦ˾֣ҪǿԼŭսȻ»ӡ´뿼ѧͽͺͨˡ
ˣһɼôѵ㣡
俴Ϊǵļһһۣѩҧгݡ
ԼŮˣڵϣϸԺѧ֪ʶ
ҩĵϢȱܽģû̫дҳϸоۿ
ʶͼУ˵ߣڵʱ䣬˶Ծ
ţͨˣ֪ͨһˣ
ŷɰڰ֣˸ϳȥʣһݷԾ
Ÿţüͷɫѿ
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ոոʱһ˴˹
ʦһλһʦ
ͨ㿴ЩشĹƨͨΪѧͽʦᶼߣ
һ˦ŷһĹԾŭߺߵĵ
ҿ
ʦӸǰĹԾֻһᣬҲüͷ
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ţԾô£ŷûģ
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ղǸܱʼļһŷ㡣
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竣ҿʲôĻش㿴ֱжûͨ
ЦҡͷִԾ
ţ
۾Ծϣһ

ŴԾԽɫԽȣ飬ԽԽء
ôˣǲһش̫˼ı飬ŷɺһһЩʲô竣Ǯͻˣֱʦ
ǡŷ֣Ҳ
ԷŭĻæϣԾ˹ȥ
ʲôÿͨǡ
ֹһ䣬ŷɵͷ˹ȥֻһۣ͸ղŵĶһ۾һµԲ̲סһŶ
ڶҳţ
ҳ
ҳ

ϸֱ飬ϺͣЪҴȥ
ܿ죬ʮԾȫϣŷ۾Ҫڵϣǲ˼Ŀôܣûûһ󣿡
ǰȻûһмطǹµ⣬һش𣬿¶׹壬ܳ
Ҳš
֮ԶԾţΪ⣬ЩʮƫƧЩʦϸãϣ޷֪ȷ𰸡
ڣԾдףȻһûУ
⡭ôܣ
һûСŷôж϶޷ͨ
𾪹󣬶̲סʵ
شôãʦʷûֹţǰλŷ־ȻûֱӲͨҲ̫˰ɣ
ҡŷɫǺ죬ϰ˵
һƣ˶ȴ
ģʹ
С˰ʱдԾûģôȫˣ
ٶȣ
ѵСӶҩоѾԼ
˵һҩ֪ʶԼǿˣ竣޷ͨ
꣬ôӵİɣ
ŷֻȫӲء


94 ʱʶ

³һ۾
оҩ֪ʶ˽ˡ
֮ǰڷ￴֪ʶ˿ѾȫԼĶڻͨ
ͼݣܸؼϳ񹦣ѧϰ֪ʶҲǳ졣
⣡
һŲ
ѧͽ컨ǰſϵģ
˵ʦѧͽ𣿡
ǰʱ϶ɼģ
Ըͨ

Ųˣȫһݣæվ
ɼܿԽ¶װģĿˣҿ㻹ܼװȥ
ѩһЦǰꡣ
˵ʵҪ֪һǸӵܣöԷЩ¡
Ϊ̫װˣ
Եڣ˿һʱȻһţΪԼע湻ݵģ
ûã
ղų׵ԼҪĹۣŶûУ
һԾˣһͨ컨ѧͽǰóеֽţʼ˳һ·ԶΣȷʣٷ֮ʮһ
ңͨˡ
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ٷ֮٣
Ҳ˵д𰸶ȷˣ
ôܣ
ôѵ⣬ȫԣλˣ
԰˭

ͨߣȻȷΪٷ֮٣˶ըˣһϸѰңҪĸ˽
ˣͨλ˵ڶ
컨˵ۣ򷿼ȥ
ղվͨ˼æȥ
Ҳվ
ֶˣôʲôᡭѩЦһ˵ͻȻʲô۾һµԲ̲ס㡭㡭ʲô֣

üǳŮˣ̧߽䡣

˰ٷ֮ٵȷʣ
ѩһɫҰף˲ԼСһۡ
֮ǰһֱ˵˼װģʵɶ¶ûУ˸ǰδеȫȷ
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Ǹֻ˰ʱͽļһ
һΪǷˣû뵽Ȼ֡
̫ˣʱȫԣôѧģ
Ҳ˳һѣΡ

֪ѾҪˣ˿ǰ档
ǰϣѾں˸ָҩģϼģʮƧ
һʮҩģһʱ䣬ơԡ÷ȫдһٷ֮ȷͨ
ŷվ̨ϣһӣʱʼ
ڶʶҩģҪٷ֮ȷҲ˵ʮҩģϴһͻ̭
һҩġ
һҶ໨ɫֲ
ݣ
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ͼУݵǰд
дһʼڶ
ЩҩȻƧڵ֪ʶ˵㲻ʲôܿд˾ŸͲһ
ƻɫҶӵֲɫĸ
ʲôֲͻȻһס̲סЦһĶͷ
ɵˣ
ӵͼҩﻹô£
ָǰȥҩ

Ȼһ鼮ǰϸдҩĽʲôӵʲôŵȱݡ
ֳȥ
ְ֮ǰϵľҩȫһ顣
Ľһֻһ겻ͬ
֪ͼݲд漴ĳȷĴ𰸡
ȫдֻ꣬˰ʱ䡣
𰸽ȥ
֮ǰΪǹҵģвô֪һ˵֣ŷٲӣæ𰸿
һĶʦҲ˹
žϵĴ𰸣һ˶ԡ
һ߿һĵͷ
дݣһҩԡЧһģһû˿
䣬Ϊ϶ܹͨˣͻȻͬʱͣһԭء
ˣͨڶ˵ˣֻһλ
ܿ죬ʣ¶ҲѴ⽻ȥŷ꣬һܣ·ԶΣ


95 ۲
ң
˷ܵȭͷһܿһۣǸ߰
ˣѧͽݾͻڰ϶ˡ
ѵΣԼûüͷһ塣
Ӧð
ȫͼݼˣܳô޷ͨ
λʦˣˣ
̲סǰ
ôҪλ˵ģ˾ʹˣ϶һҩûϳдˣ
εǰ棬һ˦׻׻̵ζȥúѧϰɣۣʵʵۻشĲϲҩģһɲѧͽģ
أֹš
СӣղŲǺܵ
Ծֺˣʱʶһûã
۲дˣд۲ݣɣŷɿڣҪģԾ֣ܵ˵ҩѾﵽһ磬ԺֻҪúù۲ҩģ֮ϣ´ο϶ܹͨ
ǰ㻹ᣬżֻҪĺѧʵӦò˶ãܳΪѧͽʦҲ
һˣ˸ͣǰˣյ֣Ҳкܴϧ֮⡣
˵
ԼôûͨڶˣصϽһҩĿȷ۲ݣ
Ȼۣ֦ͬҶɫ۲ʲô
ŷɡ˻ûشǽĿڡ
۲һֺƫƧҩģ˵һۣ֦ҶԴҡ
Ȼټ鼮ȴмء
֮ǰд
ѵǣ
ŷȻͬεжɻĿ
ȻǣҡͷλʦȻԵҩʲôû͸ҵóûͨĽۣδ̫˰ɣ
Ϊǰڻȡ裬ϣʦԳ⣬ôܻ˵˵
ͨˣпܾλѧͽȻҪǰֺˡ
ǲǺ˵˵ܼ򵥣ķ鼮ͷȥ˰ѵǱҩĸùúһ죬
ȥù
ŷɺͶһۣ߷Ը
˽뷿λʦѧͽͷ˳ȥһȡһ鼮˵ҩĸ
ʮҳй۲ݵϸ

һѧͽ컨̲סҳȻҵ۲ϸĽ͡
ⶼܼס
ŷɺͶλʦҲ˹ȥͬʱһ¶˼顣
۲óҩģȸû͸¶ϢȻҲû׵Ŀܣ
һ˵¼ʲô鼮ϣҳʲôλáּѾˡ
鷳һ۲ݵϸܣǵ𾪣ŵ
۲ݣ֮أ״ͨң֦Ҷа׵㣬۲ݣƬԼлƶС
ѧͽ컨߽ͣΪЩϵġ۲ݡкܶ಻ͬˡ
۲ݵ֦Ҷа׵㣬ûУ۲ƬлƶСҩģÿƬָײ࣬Ҫö࣡еҩľһϸ˵
⡭
ŷɡ˼æ컨еġҩĸ˹ٴοһ飬ȻҲ˲ٲ֮ͬ
Ȼ۲ݣǾǺ֮ҩУģֻд۲ݣǾҩĲڣȥղŵķ䣬ŵϽǣһǰġϡҩĻܡʮҳϸأ
ʮǰһʦ벻ë֮Ѱҩģѫ׿
ȻŵĻһа취𣡡ЦЦ۲һҩģƿʳɫҺ壬ǺҩģпĻʵɫҺ壬ɢʪ֮λʦҩңʶӦúױɣ
⡭
컨ʹ˸ɫٴ飬˫һ
žણ
еġ۲ݡ˺һɫҺ建һ֮С
Ȼˣ
˻˻Ρ
ͶԷ˵ķֺ
ҩľȻĲ۲ݣ
˿̣컨Ҳ˹һϡҩĻܡڵʮҳҲȻҵ˹۲ݵļأǰҩһģһ
ÿ٣ȻŪ˸𰸸ġ
ŷɡֻϻġ
һһİ
˶ǰ꣬ǿһͷ
ܼ꣬ס۲ݡ۲ݵ𣬲ʲôסһ飬һҳʲôλá
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǲˣ
ղһֱҪԼЦΣǴɵԭأ岻ͣᡣ
鵰֪ԷּҲװư
ºˣװƲɣװɵˣ
Ҫеط죬϶ȥˡ


96 һ
۲ݣŪˣ
ϰ죬ŷЦ
ΪʦһϿΣû뵽ñ˸Ͽˣ
Ȼ۲ݣڶʱʶҲֻֻͨҪΪﵽ۷ϣѧͽˣ
⻰һû޳
ߵĿˣͨʮӣȡˣĳɱˡ
ҪҪôӣҪҪô
ȻвʣղĿֲҲֻܰʵ
Ĺ̥һ𿼣а
ȿ˽Ҹû˵ĵطһһ٣ϾҿʮˣȶԷ˽ӽʮ꣬Ϊ϶ҪǿƤǾ۷壬Ӧܹɨ
жݺݵţ뷨ûԷٴ
Ϊض۷壡˵꣬չ¶Ϊ
۵
ˤ
ҪҪôݣֲ˵ʵҲôǿȥ˼ҳҿûɣȻ϶ĸ˹Ƶá
ããϲʦѧͽһԱ
ΪϹ涨ŷ޷ϻӻͳһµ˹ʦѧͽĻ£ɽ빫ĵ͵Ȳѧϰ򹫻۵ĵҩҲŻݺȨ
ʦĵҩ۸ˣ۸Ǻܹģ۸ڲõܴۿۡ
ȻֻǸѧͽѾϹڲԱˡ
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Ѿ࿼ѧͽΪܽ⿴飬ĿĴﵽˡ
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ŷ˵⣬ڴĿ
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˿ֲ츳ֻҪϤĽ̵ò˶ãͻͷأѧͽҲкܴġ
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ô˵ǺѧԺʦǴԽڣôܸȣѧͽ
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ΪѧͽѡʦҲѡ񲻸ȫƾԼԸ⡣
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ʵĵҩ
ŷɡһۣУÿһʶͬõĵҩҲһһŪǵܿŪû𵽷ã
鼮֪㣬ʵǡûйصҩ鼮ܲܽҿ
ԬϬѪûǰԽ֪Խȫ
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ǰҩЩʦо飬ֻڸߵȲ⣬뿴ѡƾ츳һʱ䣬϶ܳһƷʦһɹ뿴ʲôʲô
ʦû˼빤ңΪʦκһʦᶼܵߴҩѰҩģȨҪֻԼΪʦٶȾˣ׿Խûмʱ䣬Ҳ
ܽ裿
һģ
˵һ׷ˣ
Ϊ˿ѧͽǵ˲ٹʱġ
Ρѩ֪룬϶һѪϡ
ʵʵи鼮ٵҲ꣬ؼûͨ㻨ʱҪ֪ʱǰѧͽ֪ġ
Ҳࣿ
࣬ʲô
ǰ뿴ߵȲ飬ֻܳΪʦܻĹ涨оõҩʣ취Ϊʦɣ
ŷɵ
ٳΪʦֻиʦѧϰõʦѡԼѡ˭
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ţܶԣֻҪңһ㾡ȫ㡭£
˵һ룬ŷɲŷӦһҭʺ۾ɵÿҪǰ꣺㡭˵ʲô


97 絤
һԣ
ŷɷˣһĶҲһһͷѣΡ
磬Ϊʦǰײˡƹϣгһһѣ
һԣأ
Ͼпǰ۷ְҵΪʽһԱһѧϰ󼰵ࣿ
㵹ãһ仰ԡ
ð
֪˵֪γΪʦ
ȿȿȣ˻ΣǿסҪѪĳ嶯ŷĿΪʦʶҩģֱܷҩô򵥣ҪҩҩҩȵȣַҪǧ֮࡭ô׾ܿ˵ģ
ǰ̣ԻҲΪҪκһڳᵼ̽䣬ֻоѧϰԼҹķϰܳɹһͣ
Ҳ͵
ôӣ
Σǿˣ
ºҪȣĿĺܼ򵥣ΪҵԬΡſʵĵҩΪлʤ
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磬װĺ
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ŷɵ
ɡ
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ʲô
˵ô֣̲ס
ʦһַһֻ֣ҪܹƳһƷҩͻȻȻΪһƷʦͳҲ׼ķ
ŷûԥڽ͡
ڶֿˣǡ絤
絤
ɻ
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ϾһֺųеְҵʦǶӦ˵ɣ
ŷɵ
ţ
˵ͷ
֪ϡСְҵͿ϶֪ʦ
Ͼжߵְҵλʦ˲֪ٱ
ʦָܹ㣬Ϊ֮࣬ŷɽͣһ˳ΪʦͺķѺܶʱˣоѧϰΪʦʦ
ɲΪеһԱôָˣ
Ϊкͳˡ絤һĿ˷ʽ
ʦΪΪʦ뾭ʵͣܳɹʦ϶ûôʱģֻҪ֪ʶڻͨɣ
Ҳ˵ҪֻҪܰ۽ܹͬʦɹ
ȻûôףҪʮλʦۣ֮ϸϸڣֻҪһ˵޷ͨܵͷ
ŷɻһֿʦķ絤˵һ顣


98 Ҫ絤
Ŷ
۾һ
һƷҩûжʵҲ֪ܳɹ絤ͲһˣӵͼݣֻҪ㹻鼮㹻֪ʶѧϰǳ򵥣
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Ϊʲô
֡
۾ͨΪʦΪλҪȥѧϰѸʱ䣿
˵ʵκְҵûʵͲܸ˽⣬ѧٶ࣬ʵĥϣûܹ֤ǲȷģʦǣƾϿ֪ʶʦۣ˭ܹʤ
ŷɵ
⡭
ͷ
ֽϹվǳ֪ҪУʵҲԡ
ѧۣȥʵô֪ȷһ󣬵ҩҲɵģ
֮壬ǧ
絤ֺ֮ǧλʦйЩ˸Ǿž֪֮ʶ˽⣬ʤκһλʦϧ絤ʼʧܣǧλʦɹģܲһ֮
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Է̾Ϣĳȣ۾ԽԽ
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ӵͼݣֱܹӿȱ㣬۲ʵ˲֪ȷͼһգף
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ȻҾ絤ʦ뵽⣬û̫ԥֱӵ
Ϊ˵ô࣬Էû뵽ᶨŷЩ֪絤ʧܵĺ

ǰ絤Ҫʮλʦб粵ôʦݵλģûдۣ˶ҪУǻŷɵˣ涨ѧͽ絤ɹãһʧܣÿһλʦ⳥ʮңڶһɱΪͷʮڲٴοʦ
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ڵмʮꣿʮڲˣʮԶ뵤ҩ뿼ˣ͵ˡ
ַֺͨûȥԣ֪ڵʮڣѾûһˣ
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ŷɵ˲ˡ
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ţһҾͻȥ⿴飬İɣ˷ʱģ絤£ܻҪͷλˣ
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ðɣ֣޷Ȱ裬ŷɺͶһۣҡҡͷھͰţټôʦܻỨһЩʱ䣬б絤ʱҪʲôȻһҪʼûصˣ
ţͷһ˦䣬һźǰͻȻתͷˣȲʲôط
ŷɡ

Ρ컨


99 ±Ƶŷ
ŷɵ˴˿Ǳġ
Ȳⶼ֪ʲôطҪѡѵı絤ǶһԴǲǱżˡ
ȻԷѾҲȰ費ˡ
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³çûпţŷǲ˼飺治֪
᲻ǲ֪絤Ŀ£˵ֿ˷һ£Ȼһʦұ絤ҿ϶Ҳ޷ͨģ
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ңؼǡ㻹û
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Ƕ˵ôϸˣ֪ܲŷҡҡͷʵǸգ
ǰһؿûһ󣡵ڶؿˣǵûָ˴󡭡ؼôᣬ治֪ôôõļ
ղŵ£̲סȡ
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ȥ絤϶֪ʶ֪ĺܶˣֻҪ˸ӦҵһЩߡ
˵ͷһ֣ȥȲ⿴ڸʲôСЩҪ֣
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ǰ컨ͷģȥһܡ

ŷɡһۣӶԷпץ
ΪһȥȲ鿴ȥˣȥ顭ң˷ٿ죬ҲҪһµɶãٶܿë߰
˵ݣʲô¶֪
ǡ뿴Ĳʲôյɣ
ϰ죬һ仰
ҪЩ鼮ʵ벻ɶá
ܣȲȻǣʦĻܣȴҲյģΪѧͽӦûô³çŷҡͷ
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᲻ǡһʲô鼮Ȿ鼮ʷǳ⣬ָֻ˲֪˰죬иµۡ
пܡ
Ӹǰһüһ벻ͨ«ʲôҩ
̶̰ʱ䣬ɶˣһ뵽Ľڶ˳ǲ֪ԷҪʲô
ڼ䣬컨ȥ˼β⣬㱨Է
˿ûͣЪ飬ʲôǵҩҩͷֱ桿費Ҫ¯鼮ŹʱٴһŹ֡ᡢܡ
ʱŷֹ֣Źֽڣûù⣬òƻһЩ


100 Ҧɻ
ȥʦʱҲصס
ڿԽˣ
ʦҩģ׵¶˷ܡ
ܣСĥЩܲסˣԽȻͲס
Ȱҩɷĩˮ̷
Ҷҩ飬ŲҦܼҹ˹
С㣬ҡˣû鷳ɣ
гϵӣʦһܣΪֹ鷳ֱ뿪ѧԺŷѧ˲Ż
鷳˭鷳ſǰҦ˵Ҧ壬ͲɹˣʦĶҺܺãҲǸǳбµʦ鷳ˣ
֪λܼҶʦĲΣ̲Ȱ
ãߣССڳڳûն񡭡Ҧһѻ˵꣬ͻȻ۾еҩϣ͵סŲͣ
С㡭ҩġǴõģ

ͷһۣŽеҩľ𣺡ʦ͸ҵģЩⶫ̷
ʦ͸ģôܣһʦôᡭҦǲš
ôҦ壬ҩʲô𣿡֪ԷǸ֮ˣ⸱϶ɡ
ǲףǡ̫ˣûǡĸݣҦ
ĸݣŲԡ
ǺݵĸҩЧͨݵʮ֮࣡ݲôֵǮⶫʮϡǰȥʱһΣһͼֵʮң
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ῴǺĸݣҼҩģӡ̣ôܼǴҦϸһۣȷϡ
ĸݣʮң
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ʦʱӹֵǮĶһװûУԼҲһֱôΪʮңһ׷ˡ
һǲСķӡ
ͶǴģ޲˶ֵ֪λʦãΪԼרŴ칦ͳôҩģȴû˿ӹһ⣬ҪҦϳԼᵱɲֵǮĶԵ
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дŹı絤ڱУұͨ
ʵΣնȹԷУ̵½ѰȻܹΪԽڣִŽָһˣòû
˵ЩʮӶʮƨ𲻸ҹȻԷλǽʦȻ顣
ңڵľ棬Լ㶨˽񴦣ʦʸʱڲܱˣʵϻвڵſЦϾʦݴ쵼ѧԺ˲˵ĳţκεطʱԱըļһڣ
һˣѹ϶ٲά衣
ԣӮ¸ٶۡ
Ϊβһ֮شңΪʦһڱսʱ뿪ηǱûɶ𣬽ʦ۵㣬ʱ˵ʦ߼ʦϡ
ؼǣѧѾ׶ΣҪˣΪʦҲʧ
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Ľ⣬ѼҲ鼮õȷۣȻûʲôȤζȴ쳣éٿ֮С
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˿̣ͬʱף޷õʦָҲ׬ˣ
ֻҪȥΪ϶ܹٽ
ʦڽһµϵһµļֵۣԵ߸ļֵۡ
Ŀξ͵ȥúΪ
˿ʱ䣬Ѿӽ磬˰֡
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ŵǡ
絤쿪ʼҲùȥˣ
֪ʱ䲻ˣȻ絤Ȼ߳ãٴʦ
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ŷʦȺ˵ʮλʦѾ룬ʱԿʼȻڷڵĻҲȡα絤
ѩ
ȡ
ҡͷ
ΪһʦûҪķ̫ʱ䣬ȻܿʼûҪˡ
룡
ƺ³ľѩҡҡͷǰ·
֮ǰ˵ĵط룬ܿһĴ
ƽףʮӰڳһԲȦǸ޴ĵ¯¯ȼգ֮С
絤Ҫ֪ȷҪ飬¯á
ˣڷڻüģƾ츳ѧϰҿ֮ڣƳҩʦɹ
š֨ѽŷ˽дȰο
ɲܹͨ絤
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ЦҪаʱ䣬Ҳô鷳ܵʦ顣
ðɣ
֪û취Ȱ裬ŷ̲סҡͷ
ʢһ˸϶֪絤Ѷˡ
λɣ
һӰ룬಻٣պʮλˣҲߣСĿ¶Ҫʮˡ
֮ǰǸʦҲȻС
ЩǰʦƵĳۣǰһöĻ£һǷҫۡ
һʦ


107 絤ʼ
̣ҪһǣҪжʦ
ĲǱ絤ʮλͬļɣȫҪü¼񾧼¼Դܲʱ飬һЩѧͽʸ鿴һֹˮף뿼˵ʦʡ
Ϊˣ絤û˸ҷˮٴǿĹϵС
ŷ᳤˵˱絤ƿСɣ
һۣȫһŹ֣һʦȿڵ
絤ʦǶԵҩ˽⼫ıѧ֮ʿ˽ӵϢΪǸͷζû뵽ֻǸʮ궼ûꡣ
ŷ᳤ȷǿЦˣģ
Ͱ׾һԽԽ㣬Ȼʲôо϶ȸոѧϰҪõĶࡣ
һʮ겻ļһҪ˱絤
;̥ѧϰѧ֪ʶ
Ȼᣬȴҩż˽⣬ѧͽԾ֣ɣŷɽ͡
֣
Ҳʲôɣ
ѧͽԾֻǿҩҩԣҩĵࡢܻشֻ֣˵ʵƾ㣬Ҫб絤йǲЩ̫ˣ
Ǹ㶮ҩҩԡô򵥣ҪԵ͸ƾ֪һЩΪʦǲЩ̫쿪ˣ
Ʋ죬ǲм
ԾǳΪѧͽеĿԣʽʦҩ򽻵֣ܿ㲻ʲô

Լûڣͱô˱ӣЩΡ
ʦҪԽԽãӲӵڼ
ҾͲˡ
ȿȣһ˵ۣڣŷ᳤λģȻᣬȴϸϲϸλ
ǣʦǣ԰İǲˣ
Ӧǫһ㣬Եҩ˽ⲻ࣬͸ұ絤ӿ湻ģ
ŵļһһ絤ʼϣҲܺһ٩٩̸

˵ãһٴγʸ֮ġ
һüë𣬺޲ý෥
絤ʵ൱һսʮλʦ
ŷЩʦÿкܴܸߵλһλʦһλߣҲˣһƿСʮļһҪӮˣǵ飿
ԣһûɫ
ҲϵĴݻ١
ǰΪ챻˸ŰҲǿĻˣ
ּĴݻ٣Ѿ𲻵κá
ˣԽԽңûʼ絤ҩζѾˣŷһͷߣæˣ˵ĶûãһжҪʵ˵ʵ᲻ᣬȻټҹ絤Ǿͱ˵ûõģֱӿʼɣ
˵˵絤Ĺأ
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Ȼʦʵ⣬ֻһƷʦܹܵķΧڣԽҲùһЩ֪֮ࡣ
˵ŷɻһܣλʲô𣿡
ܼ򵥣Ҳס
ûУ
ͬʱͷ
Ϊʦû絤ǰҲ϶ǰ˹Σ֪ĺ
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պԼʸ֮ģĵͷ΢΢һЦм䣺ŷ᳤ǾᣬЩƲ˵ʵҲƲǡɣֻ۶û˼ӴѶȡ
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108 
ʲô
ʽʦһѧͽȻҪָĴ󣿡
װʲôƣֶַ˵ָϳӮ
Ļը
һƿСȻ˵ֻҪַָܿӳǱ¿ˣ
𣿡
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絤һЩ⣬ЩƫƧֻҪϤͷܶ໹ܹóģַָʹ󡭡ʲô
дһһ˾һ壬ͬһֵҩַûһǧҲа˰ٶ෱࣬ӣ΢һ࣬һɡ
⣬һַܹҳɹƳҩһǧѪ尾˵Щʦʹãûκδ֮
һλƷʦ߼Ĺָ
ѾѶˣǸıֱӰѶޱ޼ˣ
˵ѧͽ絤ֻһڵļӼһ°ͺղˣ
ѶȲֹӣӵûˡ
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ѩǿһĿ
ʦвⶼ֪ѧͽɶ鶼ףһ¾ͱɾ֣װģ˶»ΪǾѡ
һ˾в𣬿Ҳܲôɣ
װƣҲôɣ
ôҴӦָǴָų̂Լַһڵƣû棿
˿һһЦ
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ڱ˿ַָƺʹѶԶۣӵͼݣܹ׿κȱݣѵ飬Ͼȫ˼ձơ
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ԣһ͹ޣȻĿ˵˿϶񣬴Ӧ
ֻҪӦַʽ
ٺ٣С治ǣ
ȻҴ̼Ǿͳȫ㣡
װƣһп޵ʱ򣡡

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ܳΪһʦм֮λҵʦȻˮƽߵģȷҲ͵ģպÿԿһﵽмＸ
Сӣھȥһ˵Ƶַʲôָȱ㣬ôѵ㣡
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ٶ࣬Ҳ˶ʵ
һᣬ֮ǰڲѧ֪ʶܿεķ֡
ɶⶼ
˵ȱˣԷַʲô֪
ѹҪ󣬶ǲǷˣпַȱݣ˵һѧͽûʦˮƽߵŷ᳤ҲãȻ
ȱݣ
ȷϵƾ֪ʶζҲīһ
ˣ
һ죬ͼһһ鼮ͻأԺ
λҵʦַȱ㡣
⡭
ַֻһۣһŹ֡


109 ĵ

ҵַѴﵽ¯࣡
ǰַҪܿȱ㣬ҰͷŤ

۲죬ʦҲĿ⼯ϣһ߿һߵͷ
ԷַǶܿҲʹù̫Ƨ
ΪˣȱҲ٣ǣҲ˿ûԷĵòԣһжϸչȥˮûһ˿һʧ
ŷ᳤ַܿȱ𣿡
ѩδ뿪˿վŷ̲סʵ
ѧͽǣϣֻϣǰλ᳤ܿʲô
ȱ㣿ŷҡͷ˵ʵҵַѾˣ˶ʹùдҲ类ҵˮƽʲô
㶼
ѩס͡
ŷʦˮƽߵʦѴﵽһڣλոճΪѧͽôܿ

֪˶ãһץ¯򿪣˲һҩ
ɣ
һ󣬴¯ȡöҩ۴СÿһԲ󣬴еĹ
ããҵʦɵﵽ˱
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ҩɺҩЧ۲ͬΪĸ𣬷ֱǳɵơ
һһǳʦһƷҩܹɵͺܲˣﵽԲľ磬ǳˡ
ߣСӣҵҩѾ꣬˵ɣҸղõַʲôʲôȱݣ
һصϣ俴
ĻҲĿ⼯йҪСӣ׻˵ʲô֮
Ϊһֱӿڣȴ۾бʮȣϴŵˣҡҡͷһ̾Ϣ
л˵ƨţ
СӾȻװƣȭͷһȭǰӡ
أ
޴ִűŭ̳Ѻۣʱƿ
Ȼ㲻öˣҾͿʼ˵ˣ
ˣͷƽӹûƵ߳õġĵɣ

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ʲôҩֻҪʦ׿㲻ʲô¡
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⡭ǾˮʮʽַƾĵãܿҲʲô
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ˮʮʽƾĵһַ˵һλʦɽۿ̶ˮʱ򣬴ģַϸ񾲣û̫Ҳ簲Ϫˮʣƾĵã׳ɵ
ܿƵǾĵ³ַǾˮʮʽϡ档
ǲʲôϧ׾ˮʮʽõĿȫǣѾʧȥ˱壡һӣԴ
ĿȫǣƨĿȫǣôƳĵһǱģ
Һߵ
Ȼ㲻ţҾ˵ǰָһ󣬽ҩģһܣ˭ܸңöҩкιЧ
ĵһƷҩܰ߰񣬲˼룬ּĵҩ߰ʦǰǿ߶Чǹõĵҩ֮һ
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ǹԱ۸ָĵҩ־ĵ˽ܶࡣ
˵Ĳֵҩܰ߰񣡡ĵͷϧҵʦƵöȴûЧǵˣ˳ˣŪû߻ħ
˵
ɫһ
ԷǹȻĵҩ൱ڵˡ
㲻żͣҰѻ˵꣡ԷһЦſڣöҩҵʦƵģҿ϶˵仰ϧʱ䲻죬ǽ죬öҩעǷƷ
죿죿
ʲô𣿡
Сӣл˵㣬ҪŪ飡

Ļȫ֪ƣ̲ס˳
Ҿͽ͸Ƶҩַͼɣ񣡰Լ뵤ҩҩЧߣĵҪ񰲾ƽͣƵ覣˸ղҲˣҵʦƢ꣬һ仰ܵȼлôƳ˰ľĵ
˵һǰӡ
ӸղűԷһȭҵĳѺۣ˿Ҳܲסѡ
һĻͬʱһݡ
ȷˣľкܴϵ˱ƾĵȷЩʱˡ
ȻƢ꣬ڰѵҩϣҪǡҵʦдɱµĲӦýϸոɱˣϢдԹ⵽ߵıѣԹɱ䵽ĵУȻֻһ˿һԷõ˵ͺˣ߻ħ˺

㡭㡭
һΣǼ˹һɫ˲ɷס


110 Ҫ
˵һеȷԹɱ
Ҳʵʵ߱ѡ
ֻǣⶼǽϷ£ΪŭѾˣζû뵽Ȼ֮ˣ
ҡôģ
Ϊ˸ҩ
ôܣ
ģ
⡭
ҵı飬ɵҲ֪϶˵ˣ
һš
ܿɱܿ߱ѣ㡭ѧͽѧͽ
ҾҵĻ⣬ܼ򵥣ӦСԵޡɣȫ԰öĵãǰᱩ꣡
ҲδشһЦ
ʦΪȷҩʵԺҩЧͨ׼һЩԵޡ
ޣԵҩʮУú󣬿ԸݷӦҩҩЧ
ǰĻ˵ҩСһֻͨԣܸãҲΪȷİȫ
ţŷɵͷһʦѧͽ˳ȥʱ䲻һС޴˹οͣιһöĵ
Ƭ̺Ե޿ʼĴץûа˼
ĵԵ޷úᰲһ࣬öúԽꡭ
˵ͿþĵԵޣͻȻܵһͷԵ޸ǰֱſϣǿ˻˶
ȿȣˣǿҵ˵޷˾ģŭˣҲµĲҵʦɱˣӦǸŮˣһй֮ѣ˱ŭƵҩлǿҵռкͷ񣡡
⡭
еԵޣǿѹһͷأӲϹλʦ
Ǿĵ
Ǵҩɣ
ҿû˳ԣĲɡ
ȿȣ϶ɴ
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ҽϷ谮С檣Ȼ͹ܼ͵飬һŭ֮½˵У
Ŀⶼйҡҡͷ
ȻԷ˵ôϸˣҲûʲôġ
ŭһã˲ŵһͷҪѿ
ģ
һܿôࣿ

ҳϣ˹һĿҪ˵֮ǰӣȫء
ܷӦ˵ľɡʦϸոɱˣɱԼС檡
꣬㲻ǲɣ
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˵֮ǰ˶ҵģҵ£ףһǸ֣еĸ֣
ѹţұ絤Ѷȡ
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µʦȻ֮ߵģȴģ
ΪأƢ꣬ҷ

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λʦʮģҲصģ֣϶û⡣

¯Хʱ䲻öҩȡ˳
͸ղƵһҲǾĵͬԲ˸Ź󣬵Լߣﵽ
ˣҩˣַ˵Ҳ˵ҵʦһҲǾˮʮʽ˵ȱ㣬ŷҾ䣡
ҩʦ

кݰ
ַͬͬĵҩղſ˵ҵʦɱȱݣʦľƽͣΪأҲҲȱ˰ɣ
ô졭

ʦľٶаϵ
Ҳ̲סͷ
Էȷܴ
Ȼϸַͬȥ²⣬ʵѶȸˡ
ͼ˵㲻ʲô
һޱ飺ûʦӦ˯߲̫ãҲԲȥɣ

ʦһ㶣ȷ˯߲ãҲԷƵҩûɶϵɣ
Ҿ㲻Է˯Ҳûʲôɣ
ֻҪʲôȱݣ˵ʲô
˵
˯߲ãԲ·㡭ô֪ģ
ûϵǵйϵҹϵܴ󣡡
ҡҡͷ
ϵܴ˵
ʦס
ǺǣҲµĲҪˣ



111 
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ΪԷ˵ʲôۣ⻰ʦûһѪ
Ҿ˯߲ãԲ·ѣ˵ҿˣſˣȫҶˡ
ҲŭĿӡ
ʦ¸أһֱ𾴵ģСӾȻھҲٺ˵һЩ
ϷΪʦô꣬ȻûǰһȴҲҵҵѧϰꡣ㲻ţ״Ҳ֪ĺ˯߲ãԲ·Ϊ·࣬壬ΪҪ˵ҿҪˣ
ʦһӺߵ
ʦ뵤ҩ򽻵棬㲻ҽʦȴҲ
˵Ĳȷްɣ
ް˵ʲô
ɶſڴƻƣ
ֻǱ絤ʦ

ϳʦް˶Ĵǳ⡣
˵Ҳˣû⣬˵ɶ
ŷɵҲ̲סɻĿ
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˵ĺǳ⣬⣬һЦ˭˵ްͲˣ
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ôšţʦ֪Ϊ̲סëѯʣͼ˰֣Ȼ㲻žˣȿҩɣ
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ʦľƽͣΪأַǴ쵽¯࣬ҪӲ˵ȱݣǿ϶ΪȻ֤鷳Ҳ٣ЦЦȻˣַϵȱҾͲ˵˵öҩĵҵʦƵһ߷ãǵû洦Ӿħĸ죡
ʲô
ʦȫҶˣûзֺҵôܼӾħ
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ƾĵΪɱԼС檣ɱڣƣʦƽͣƾĵľһ£ôܼӾħ
˵ҲҪҸõһɺòã
ſ鰡Եޣһָӡ
˶ģкüͷſһࡣ
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һʦаһöĵһͷԵ޵ĿС
ʳĵԵ޲δ֮ǰͷһ겻ҲûץԵ˶ſһһ
ôĵľ꣬Եһ˵ҩЧˣ㻹ʲô˵
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Ҳˢˢ
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ˣ
λʦüͷ𣺡ʲô˼ͷԵ޺û궯Ҳûܣɺܰǿʲô
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ˣ
λʦһ㶣̲סǰӽԵץһ֮ͫ׽סȻ⡭⡭ôܣ
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113 ַ
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ʧܣҡҡͷҸպʶһ³̵ʦַʼɣ
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ȥ£ڲƭֶιƻµѧͽ컨ѧ˶ŵʦĶַٲ֡

㣬ꡢЩַһʮ
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114 齭
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115 Ѩ
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ˣʨɵ꣬бԹѡ
ô˵ѨһƷҩжϲĵԶȲϡ


116 İʦϣ

ҲͰʦʵ˻¶Ѩɹ
ѨƣʦַǸӣҶûҪ˵ʲôȱ
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춼úõú̿¶ȸ߲˵͸Ҳǿͨú͸һҵĶڣֻаٷ֮ʮߵúܱٷ֮ʮֻ֪ɣȷҩģܶߵ¶ȣòҩЧõںϣɾƷʵĵҩ
ȻЩֻʦĶ㲻ȱ㣬ֻڽһ£
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Ҫȥˣëߵĵ


117 İʦ£
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һͨĲݣͨĲͨ˳͸£ҩҪһ¯ܸĽӴҩԣǶԵġʹڣͨĲݣ߸󣬷˵ڶҩģѻ
õͨĲݣûӦֻаҩ䣬ҩ񣬻Ҷϣû뾭ҩһȻҩͻɢ£ĸӦ÷ѻȴƳٵ߸ҩЧװʧ˰ٷ֮ʮʧܣ
ѻΪݣҩΪʱӦ¯໺£̴һʱ䣬ȵ¯ҩЧӳõͨĲںϡʦֱӽҩӽȥʧȥǰӴ¯ʱҩЧûг׷ӣʧ˰ٷ֮ʮģʧܣ
ҩģҩ΢壬Ӧðк͵ݷŽȥȴ˿ԵĶߵҩΪ壬ٴʧٷ֮ʮһʧܣ
ԣȣȵ¯̷кͲʦȴ֪ĸݣ֪ĸݵҩԺκҩﶼݣкҩĲ֮ѡҲΪ׻˶ԣѨЧʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ
ʧܣ

Խ˵Խ죬ǹһ㣬ÿһ仰оݣиѰÿһʧܣ޴ڰʦϣɫԽԽףǲĲ
ǶϷͬҩģݲͬҩЧҲһǣִ¯ںϵȵȣӣһѨҪϸ˵ûʱ䶼˵꣡
ΪˣʦְҵϾְҵжǰ
˵Ķԣ
ֻһܼסʦʮλҩĵͶ˳˵ķֺʲô
ס˳ʲôؼǡһ۾ͿÿһҩĵݣδܸõķҩЧǲˣ
һ˵Ҫϵ̫ˣѹҵĵҩʼմﲻƣԭˡ

Ļ˶ȻһǱͷһĿɿڴ
꣡
Ž
֮ǰ˷ҩģʦְҵ
ԤַҩȻһΣƶ룡
ѾһƷʦܽӴۣǸߵʦյĶˡ
˾ȣһİʦĶˡ
Էôһ˵ȫʧܣֱʺ
ؼǡʺٲ˷ѣ굤ҩڰҩĶ˷ѹˡ
ۣ
ؿԽԽƣһѪ
һֱΪԼ츳ǸʵĸʦԷĻ֪ˮƽͯ磡
֮ǰкģԷ˵ȥɥʧڵ¯Ҽˡ
ղŻ緢Ҫ鷳İʦɫԽԽѿ߻ħһ㡣
Ƭ̺һҧ
ǰˮƽʲôֱǱ˷ҩģӽ쿪ʼҰٲһŵҩΥģ𣡡
һ
ʲô
ٲ
ʦ

µԣȫһһĶðĸо
ʦٲ͵ڳ׸˵ҩ磬һӵŬ֮ˮˡ
µԭ򣬾Ȼֻһѧͽָȱ㣡
ǲ̫³çˡ
һʦ̲ס
㱻ָ׵壬ôһʦ̲ס
ҡһʦͣ˵䡣
Է˵ĲղŲǰʦƳҩŷ֣ԼַٶһǴŬƨͨ¼˶Ҳ˲
һʧȥԺҲû취ˣֱӷĲ
ǳǶϷľַšȱһɣʧȥʲôʦ
ƾָȱһλʦɥʧģҲ
ͬʱð뷨ٴοȫͣ鴤
ѹһʼͱ̬ȣ˵ϵȱݣΪﳤ̣ڲ֪˼ǲ֪֪̫ˣ˵޵ݣ
磬Ǿһ£ѧͽǣ


118 ı絤ϣ
䣡
˵겻ʦס
絤ʼʱ䣬һʱ㣬Ȼλʦ䡣
ϣһŷҲȫ£š
֮ǰһֱζû뵽
ֱѹ
ѹѧͽ˵õ֣ϳϴҩģ̫ǿˣ
һѩҲǾ֣ͣ
ԼȻЦλʦƿԵˡ⻹ǵ̫ˣ
ҿԷûƽϣȻʦᣬ¶ȥˣ
ɣ
䣬֮ǰ˵ҪͷĶû˵˳
飡
Ц¯ǰ
ƵһƷѨ;ĵв硣
ַ죬ٶȺܿ죬ʱ䲻ƳɹȫǱ
Է̬ƣʶˣû˵ָֻ̫࣬˼Եȱ㣬߾ֱ䡣
ΪֹʮλʦѾλ
絤Ҳеһ롣
һλ˭
˫ֱ󣬵ܣһѻȸ
˱絤ǲ뿼˵Ļ֣̿¶Էܵѵ⣬һﵹãʣµʦһţ±ᵽûš

Ƭ̣һվ
ʦĹ
̽ʦּ̽Ϊڣ͵ѧĶַ˿֡
ֵʦţһ𣡡
ĹվһλҲվ
𳽵ʦ
һ𣿡Ĺü
öԷָȱ㣬ôһ
˵ȱ㣬˵ȷܺãܹܺõĽпʦָ㡣Ҳᣬ֪ʶҲԡֱѯ⣬ɻȥ
𳽵ʦߵ
⡭
Ĺһ㶡
԰ôû
ʮһʶ֣ܿ飿ܼסݣ
ı絤ʵϵ⣬ش϶Ҳ֪Լ֪ʶӴѶȣȱ㣬ȷǼӴѶˣʦָ㣬СӴýǵȱҲʲô
ǰʦʶ㣬ǶֻһƷʦΪ˵ĵӣ۹ȻҲǵĴпԭ

𳽵ʦĻʱʣȼ˷ܵĻ棬ҵġ
Էһ˵˵ȱݣֻ˵ܺã֪ʶһǿ
Ȼˣ򵥵ѯ⣬Ūòߣһֱ˶һƭˡ

ĹʦҲӦ̲סͷ
ѹô룬ѧϰ֪ʶҪķʱĺ;ģ㶼ʮÿ쿴飬ܿ
ؼҪ鼮еݼ
⣿
û뵽Щ˾ôãóۣһЦǺãʼɣ
ȲѧԺĽʦ꣬Ժڵ֪ʶЩʦҪĶ࣬ѯʣҲûʲôηġ
ȹһش𲻳ûôţ
ԷȻû˿£𳽵ʦĿһ絤ҿѯ⣬㶼ܻشҾҪ䣡һش𲻳ʧˣǰжù
絤һĹʮλʦ⣬ҲֹģȻ絤Ļ
ʦÿֻ⣬ԷشȷֻܹԹ䣬һһش𲻳ǰشٶҲûã
ţҲ֪أ˵ͷ
ǺãҵһǣһƷ嵤ʱͬһ¯ҩͬﵽȴеЧãеЧԭ򣿡
𳽵ʦڡ
⻰ʦҲȫһ
嵤أõҩܴ˵ƤǾ
ΪˣǾֵҩͽ𳽵ʦ˵һͬһ¯ҩУʱһЩҩЧβ
ͬһ¯ҩеķЧãֱͻƾ磬ƤǾߵĺԶҲЩˣû˿á
𳽵ʦʵĺİ̲סҡҡͷ⣬ûȷеĴ𰸣ȴңôش𣿡
ˣ治֪ô˵ȴа취
һЦ˵£ʮǰһλҰʦʱټ˶ʮλʦͬоҹó˽ۣ¼һϣСҰۡλӦ֪ʲô
Ϊֲ𣬺ߵйأЩʺʹô嵤Щ˾пԣͺܺȾƣ˲ܺһ
۵ʱõ˴󲿷˵Ͽɣʮǰʦ½飬ΪʹϵΪЩ˳һö嵤ûãһöкܴЧ


119 ı絤£
Ȼ˵
ˣ½ʦҲоԼĽˡ㵤ۡУⱾ鼮꾡дĹ۵㣬Ϊ嵤ЧͬʣƵҩʱҩɢȵ£ͬһ¯ͬҩ裬ҲҩЧͬĴڣ
˼ֱ꣬ʮǰֱɺƷɵĲʦһλһʦ˵ʱҩɢΪֻд嵤ŻҩûУ
ԣһ󵨵룬¼ڡ¼УⱾСҲֻйĳȲһûпտȥڵʮܵ䣡
Цһλʦһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬Ϊ嵤֮ԳΪҩĻַͬɵģȻֻۣûʵ
ǰʦ֣Ȿеõר飬ʮҩʮյó˽ۣҲод˲Сϸ˵ɣǹĳȲУڵڶʮŵϲ࣬͡˵ѪƷһǲţȡ
ΪⱾĴ𰸣ȷģԻش⣡
˵⣬ͣһڣʾŷȥȡ顣
ˡ
ղŻĽ𳽵ʦЩɫͬף·һ˺üꡣ
ôˣ鼮ȡһشʦϣ
ĻشȷģⱾҿ˵һģһ𳽵ʦͷ
ȷ
һģһ
ⲻܰɡ𳽵ʦһ⣬ſڻش𣬻˵ô鼮ס˾λáôܣ
ļٵģ

ϣٴը
ղΪǵΪ䣬Ӧû飬׶֪һȡǲû飡
˼ҿ꣬סݺʱ䣬˵ƣڷλá
ǡܼסݾͲˣ
˺֮䣬вģ
Ȼʦһشȷʵڶɣ
ЦЦ
ȼ䣿
Цӵͼݣһ鼮ͷɹˣԼУٺãѲɻܱ׼ȷ
ڶһƷʱΪε¯ѺۣΪ̣
𳽵ʦԥƬ̣ξʮӣſڡ

ü񣡡
ǰһƷʱ򣬾¯ѵʦ⣬ʵϺʦҲйϵ
ǰôش𣡡

𳽵ʦĵڶ⣬˾ٴһ
ʦĵ¯ʦ죬ʱѣѾȫ룬Щˡ
ȻҪϸãҵΪģɣʦע⣬˵شˡ
˶˼β֪𣺡⣬ʦġ¯ǫʦġעˡţ诵ʦġϸ˵Ӳʦġ¯
û˿ͣ٣һھ˵ʮ鼮ƣŵЩ鼮Умأʵ˵Ҳ⣬ʹõĵ¯ͨľȻӲȴͲסҩģǺ޵ѪҺ֮ȵ¯ȻԳܣ
Ҫʹ¯ÿһ¯͸һ¯
Цӯӯĵ
⿴Ƶ꣬ʵϳȲⶼмأֻĲʵ̫ˣѧͽоһЩٳɵÿʽʦôϸоһЩõ鼮
˵ʽʦλͬˣ˸ӦȨʱ͸ˣ֪ʶڲҵȴδҹ֪
ˣЩ⣬ʦش𲻳иȲ˵ûκѶȡ
֪ش𣬽𳽵ʦ񣿲⣬һԼ˵
ˣĻشȷ
𳽵ʦͷð亹
տʼʱ⣬ѯʣһ鼮ϵõ˴𰸣ղſ˵Ӳʦġ¯
Ϊֻһ鼮ϼ£ûΪѶԷû뵽ǰһһ˵ʮ
ҿû³ç˵򣬶Էһ˵ô࣬Լ϶ۡ
꣬һӵʲôģ
ôǵô
ӣŷɺͶһۣͬʱЦĵģ֪ǰһǾ仰鼮ҳһ¾ͲҴ̼Ҫֱ絤ˣ
˵ʵ˼˵ҪָȱݣȷѶȣ˼ұ֪ʶʤ
Ҳֻˡ


120 Ǹ
ȻڶҲشȷˣʲôһ˵ɣ
Էϣüī
䣡Ѿѵ⣬ʣҲֻЦϰˣ
𳽵ʦҡҡͷ
Էһ˵ô״ģ֪ȥ˵ֻԼϢģٻ档
ˣ
һ㶣漴Ȼ
뵽ѵģԼ׻شʶˣֻˣ
ò˵λ𳽵ʦͦоϵġ
ˣ
תͷĹ
Ĺʦһҧ⣬˵ʵԼûнۣش𲻳䣡Ȼܻشʣ⣬ҲˣΪ֪ʵٶ࣬Ҳûκô
б絤ʳ⣬Լ֪𰸵ģԼжԷǲȷ
Ĺʦֱ˵ش𲻳յѾ˱絤ķ룬ѡܾش
Ҳ䡣
˵ɣ

ܾЦٻش⣬ȻҪӦˡ
һֱоַϡ¯׼㣬û˿⣬ȴ֪ʼ޷ɵϣܸҵ״
Ƭ̣Ĺʦ
ʲô⣿
Щǿ˰ɣ
ǰԼ޷ɵӦԼԭʱôش𣿡

ĹĻȫһ㶣漴һɫŹ֡
絤ѯʣҪʳԷܹشģܹȥ˼ңм룬˼ٷͼŮйϵҲش𲻳
Ĺ˼ֱ˵Ʋñôش
ȿȣĹʦҪиоݣⲻʣ㻹ǻһɡ
һֱ絤ŷҲȥˣ̲סڡ
³çˡ
˵ĹҲԼЩ³çҡҡͷ˵ڣҲ³çɣҿƾҲû취
ã
û뵽ԷӦĹͷ¯
ʵ⣬Ҳʱġ
һֱҪϧʼ޷ɹо鼮ַþа취Уղż˵ȱݣ̲סڡ
ֻҪҵȱ㣬ƾ϶ܹƳɹ
ɵȷ񣬶Էܾû뵽ȻӦˡ
ܣ
¯ȼգҩķ׷ɡ
Ĺʮָ粦ңͣ裬ԶԶȥޱȶ˵
ֻһۣ֪ǰλϳַ꣬Ȼ¯ࡣ
ַϺ޴Ĳ˳򣬽ȴʼ޷ɵҲȷã֪롣
û˿󣡡
ַܳɹôʧܣ
ǰ֡
Ĺʦʼ˶Ŀ⼯йԽԽɻ
˵һҩġֶַΣû˿󣬰ٶǳɵпܣ
޷ɵܰɣ
ϧʵǰܿ¯ͣϢǴ򿪣һڵҩǰ
ʧܣ
û
һŷҲüͷɸ
Ϊ᳤ʵߵһƷʦ۹Ҳߣ˰죬˵뷨һ϶ɵȴҲһŹ֣˼⡣

ŵ¯ޱȵҩĹʦ̾Ϣҡҡͷ̧ͷǰ꣺ҵ⣬ܻشֱ䣡ش𲻳Ҿͻ⣬Ӱ絤
ش𲻳
Цһ¯ǰתһȦϸ˿еҩ̧ͷǰĹʦ¶Źֵɫֵʦϵ׳û뵽
ϵ׳
Ĺһ㶡
ɹ˵ϵ׳ʲô
ϵ׳иë߹ϵ
ʦҲɻĿ
֮ǰǿ϶ʼɡáˣ֮ǰ˶ԷĲѧ֪˵⡣
ǰҸղ߹ŵֵʦŮϲеζңϢ´û´Ӧòʮɣ

ǣҸ˸С檣껹ʮˣ
Ĺʦɫһ졣
ʮˣȴ˸ֻʮߡС檣Ȼ粻ʲôôʦ˵ǲ̫˼
ѵƲȢСйأ
ܿ죬ĹɻĿ
ûйϵλղŵľٶӦòԡ
ֻǡȢ檺ʲôϵ
ţ༰
ûС檡Ǹ
һ£
Ǹ
Ĺһ㶣漴üͷ΢Щãôˣ


121 ȿֺ
ش⣬ҳȱݣȴС檲ˣʲô˼
ĹãҲЩˡ
ҲһŹ֡
ôˣ
ô˵˵žˣ
ֵʦż
ƺ³˶ԷķӦϴζЦ⿴ʦǲÿնţ춼ոꡣ

ԷʣĹɫһ죬ΣȢС檣ܡܡЩ
ϷޣһȢ˸ʮ˵ŮĹȻ谮мΣ޲ڴϡ

ֵʦû뵽ڣ
Ȼϵ׳Ϸķ񰡣


ʦ˵ĶԻ̲סЦ
Ȣ檣ֻҪˣȥɵ£˸ʮ˵С檣ոţҹϢλֵʦҲ̫СȤˡ
ѵЦĹʦΣ⡭Ӧûʲôװɣ
Ůɽֻ꣬ͣټΪﵽ˱Ѩһ켸ΣҲӰ첻ɣ
˵ͨÿ켸Ҳ㲻ʲô
ȷûʲôףΪĳЩطһЩֵʦǲǷһЩ÷õҩ

⡭
ĹС⣡һ¡
Է˵ûȻʵϾţܶǰˣΪܸõչλС檣һʱ䣬ǷһЩ֮ҩ
ЩҩӦλСȰԵİɣ
ǣĹͷ
ΪʦȻ֪ҩֶײԵģܲסλС檵Ĳֻ࣬÷ãҩҲɶԷṩúȻƻ˫˷˺þá
ַ˳򣬸涼ûȴ
˫֣ĹʦתһȦڼ׷С檵Ļ⣬Ǽ˵ҿһᣬտʼҲûҵԭɻǲǵ¯⣬ͻȻ뵽һϵļأ
ⱾСɵСƷʦǰµģڳȲڣд޷ɵԵɣһԭ˵ġԲַȱ൤ҩѳɡ˼ܼ򵥣˵𣬺ԲʱַǶԵģҲѳɵνĳɵ
뵽ЩҾǰȻᵽһЩŮе֬ζʶѯС檵£ʵȢ˸С檣ҹͣҲھ𣬵ҩѳɣؼǡ˸
˸
Ĺһ㶡
и֮飬ֻҪʦӦö˵㵥ҹţƾرѨʵȷʲôϢվȫָɹؼ㲻ӦóĴ֮ҩЩҩʵһִ̼ԻõĶʱãȷͣսɶҲ֮ȫ˺
ʱƣԽԽֱ˥ûκ𣬾ٸʦҲûãͻһȦһڱɣѾȣ
ܹߵľһִ󲹵ĵҩ𣬾޷УֵҩȻΪ̣ɹǺģ
˵⣬ͣһ£ҩһʦ϶ޱȣ˵λС檲֪顭ҶԲ˵ԣ˵Ǹð£
⡭⡭
Ĺһ˼
Էһۣľ֣ƺһ㡣
С檸ҩȷսԽԽǿǰһιᱳۣζڻ¡
ΪԼԽԽû뵽Ȼҩ
ɶ񣡿ɶ
ˣҶ谮мΣȻҪҡ
ȭͷĹ۾졣
ˣֵʦ˵ĲԣӦа취֤⣬һشˣ
ڰ֡
˵ȫȷĳܽˣһ絤ĳ䣡Ĺʦû˿ԥֱ䡣
Է˵ıޱͷͷǵû˿󣬲С
ؼҲ˥ˣΪԵʣû뵽λС檵Ĺ
һЦᡣ
ǶԷļ£ò͡
漴ʣµλʦʣˣʲôһʳɣ
ʮλʦѾλ䣬ֻҪ䣬͵ͨ˱絤Ϊһλʽʦ
ֵܴţҸպи⣬Ҫѯʣ
һʦվ
¹ֱżҲˣҸպҲ뵽һ⣡һʦվ
ǲҪҪʣҲӦΪɣô˵ҶǸΪʦ
һҲæ

ղŻη֮ЫԼʺö飬ˣʱȿֺҪ⣬Ź֡
ǡһԴҩˣ


122 絤
סһŷɵҲĿɿڴ
꣬˭ܸô£
ղŲһη֮ЫôǼŮһ޲ֱӳȥ
ǡ
ѩҲͷˮԡ
֪ˣȺһǡʦЦҡͷ
֪ʲôŷɿ
֮ǰͨԿϳֵĸָ⣬һֱ˵ĸо˭ԸʣʦڣĹʦش⣬ɵҲ֪Ǹ˭ǰˣ
⵹ǡŷ׹ͷ
ʶ˶֪
Լʲôȱ㣬޷ܱһ䣬Ūþܸȱݣ
ϧɵӦôģҪҲܶʼغܾõʡ
ʦʹļףҡͷ
ôõĻᣬôʹأ
Ȼˣ˭㲻ϧңΪα絤Ĺһֱ㡾ְأľûѯʹһΣ˵ȱ絤᲻һλᣬҲ⣿Ҳвġ
˵⣬ŷҲĿ˸һ󼤶
ʦ
ѩ
ãһһƷʦʦ᳤Ҫһѧͽôֱ׳㡾ְأľôû㾡ľͿŲ
ˣһ
ܿ죬Ҳô£εҡҡͷָһʦˣ
ң̫ˣ
ָеʦ˷ܵæվҪѯʣһֱо˯߲ãһҹҪҹߡ˴Σļ¶Σҿǲʲô߱ݺˣߡҵС⣿

ˡ
ȿȣʦڱ絤ע㡭
ŷ̲סվ
ǡҵⰡҾλʦһᶨĵ
ˣɣҿܴпЩʲôЩͷ̲ס֡
ãλʦ˷ܵͷæȥˡ
ɣʲô⣿
һһʦ
ҵܼ򵥣ʦô޳ܣλʦԴǵĺһŵŮҪˣҪ޵˽Ǵģҵ˲ʱ䣬ûõϢܰҿСӿɿɿҾ;ܾ¡
λʦ˵⣬ԥһ£̽񿴹㿴ҪҪҲ㿴
ۣ
ûһѪ
ð
ŮҪˣƨ£ƨ£
ǿʦ絤ģǹġ
˵ģ㲻˵Ůиëã
ȷˣģ
صʦŮºûëǮϵֵɶãʲôЦһʦһ˦һ
ҡھ⡭
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Ҫйص£ɣһλʦǰվǰֵܣ䲻󣬻˷иŮɫ㣬ԸС檣㿴ʵڲУֶŮҲԣҪǾռˣһиúͽ㡭

趼ʮ࣬Ҫˣá㡭ҪصĿζ
Ūϰ죬ŽҵľŪ»ص졣
ҵǣƽⶾϣ嶾̫Ͳ¯ͻữɻҽǲŪˣ
嶾ݣ͸£˶֪Ĺԣֱӽ¯Ȼԣˮ죬ȻƣܰҩЧӵޣȼա
ƵҩʱеϢ˳
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ʱڽʣλʦȫشꡣ
ˣʮλʦȫ䣬α絤ʤڿʼʦᣬµһʦ
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123 ҵ
ʦĸߵȲ⣬Ǳ絤ĵطԶһǰ
ǵʦᣬһʮλʽʦЩҲԽ⣬Ż鼮ƽﶼģ뿴ʲô飬ѡǣ
Ŵţŷɽܡ
Ӧһ򷿼￴ȥ
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㿴ʲô׵ģңҾڲԶķ䣡
ŷһָ
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ûʲô鷳ģҲʽʦԺһвҪ̣ŷЦһת˳ȥ
֪Էô⣬϶ԼĿĺܣš
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뿪΢΢һЦܸǰӵһſʼġ
ѰҲҪѲʱ䣬Ҫ󣬻Щȫ¼ͼݣԺ뿴Ҳ㣬ܶѧһЩϵ֪ʶ

ߵȲٴһ
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124 취
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Ϊ⼸Ҳͼʮңһ򣬻ҲνǮҲǰ׵õģζû뵽ȫǧ򡭡
ΪǮڼ۸ǰͷ㲻ϣ
˶ǿӵǿʦ
ǿѪֲգӶʵһˣ˳˶ԽǮмһ˵ķ緶ζû뵽Ҫô࡭ֱ̫ٵˣ
֪ôǮװʲôƣ
Ҫ˰ɣ
ǿס˵ģǾᡣ
ƾǵǮͷЩҩĿ϶ˣѲ׼ôʱ䣬ǿѧͽǿʦˮһգ
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ؼţȥˣǶ֪ԼҪ취ʣʵֶ飬ԼԺţ
УΪ̫ʵڲҵ磡
ķЩŵ޷Ҫʮʤ½Ѱܣ
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Уŷ᳤ҡͷƷҩǹûƣҪȥܻṺǮǲǷŵġ
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ǱȽ׬ǮҲҪгҩ㲻㹻˵ֻϿУʽʦҲҪˡ
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125 ޸ۡ
ˣҸסֻҪܴ˿϶ܵ˼ֿ԰׬Ǯ˵ķ緶
һ뷨ð˳
ΪʦҪбƸݣԵ޹ܵ˼ȻˣǾãԸϹ
ֻҪƾԼĺƴ󷢣ͼݣ϶ܲ
ţǾҸŵĵط
ϸһֻ취ãһָ
ôˡ
뷨Ҳϻߵǰ̨һЩܹıòɫĵҩҩˮ
ȻݣΪˣױǻģЩıɫĵҩҩˮʱ䲻ʹһʮСһԻƣ˫üϵˡ
˰쾵ӣȷûκ⣬ĵͷ
ױϣ߳ʦᡣ
ҪŷҪŪһ·
˿ͷ˵ؤŵĺܶ࣬˵ʦ϶ûţ㹻ͷС
ǰһñꡣ
ţ漴Զиñ꣬˽ȥʱ䲻ٴ߳Ȼһģ
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翴һϰǸ˵ĵ
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ҪֵطĸۡôȱǮ
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ں棬Ҳǰȥһᣬһĸۡǰ
һȥĸۡһǰˣӳԺζմʵû취ͰѸۡѹ⡢۶ԣոװ޵סλúãҲҴ㿴
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ۡģ۵ضλ޿ޣһͰѶԷöԷȥģһУͷˡ
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ԷûܾϰٴһЦæ򿪴˽ȥ
ǸԺ䣬ɽӦоУ˸ֲָһУʱеﻨ㣬һˬ

תһȦԵͷ
ۡԤһȫסĶӦоУҪ鷳
ؼһ㣬ѧԺҲ̫Զֻʮӵľ롣
Լξͻ˿
ˣ׷ô⣿
еطüϻһڡ
ģõĸۡүĻһҪʮң
ϰæ
ʮ򣿡
üͷһ塣
Ȼⷿӵ鲻˽⣬ʮһ£ֻΪһ׷ӣ۸ʵЩˡ

Ҳ˵һͻȻ͵ǰϰץ˹ȥ
λүҪʲô
ָХҪ˺ѿϰŵһˡ
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126 ʦ
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⻰ϰɫһ䣬æЦһү˵ﻰۡǸķӣôõĵضΣʮһ£Ĳ󡭡
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ôϣǰ¥ףĻͷƴǺȵǰҵ貨Եۻ⣬ڼ仹µӣ̸󣬻˵һνЩҪҪһ

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ΪҪһﵱܼңǾ͸ˡ
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һǿɻ̧ͷǰү
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ͶԷ˵һ۷Ѿʮˣϧʼղ÷޷ͻƣܵõʦָ㣬Ϊأָտɴ
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һĻ˲ĸеŨŨ
ԶԷʦŲɡ
ʦôһھ˵ԼڲĽףʦôôǮ˴󷽡
ؼǶԷʺ;ֹȻȻһָ߸ϵĸоҪ˵ʦѡ
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ȥɣ
Է۷Ű˰֡
ǣǿ˷ܵ˳ȥ
뿪ŷΣ˸һп
û뵽װҲͦ۵ġ


127 ս¯
֪뷨Ķˡ
װƻۣôȥ
ǿߺҲûۡ»صסѾڡ
Σ˱絤Ȼסװƣ۵һͿ
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ÿһ飬ĵͷ
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ÿһָһֽһЩ˵⣬¿Σͼһ˽
ʦ½ѰʦҪСʦ⡿ҪԵѧ
֮ǰսһﱻԬε˴ˣǸʦ
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ãֽӹͷһۣɫ漴ЩŹ֡
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129 
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132 Ժǿ
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138 
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139 ˣ
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144 ǹ
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˵ʵܱ絤ɹΪͼݣĻ򵥵ĵ趼޷Ū
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162 ڶ
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164 
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ԭ½۾Բɵһǲš
Цİɣһλܻ徳黭ʦǷ
ôôأ
Ӧǽ̵ŽѧĿʱ£˵һ顣
ɶгǰһ棬ΪǸˣû뵽˱ɡ
С㲻ʦѧͽ𣿶㸸ǽʦ᳤һҪúýѵֺȺ֮
гϵġƽΪԭ½λʦը
λۼ֤ˡ족бµˣôǷ˵϶гǹʹˡ
ѧԺôʦ
µȷҺпҲҪҺԺ˵˵úùܹѧԺķˡ½ʦһ֣ߵ
ʵ˵¡
ԷĻͷ
£ѵϵܻܵʲôƽĴ
½ٴο
ȻӸۡ£ƾʦݣ黭ʦͷѵĳЩˣѧԺԺҲġ
⵹ǡǣѧԺ⼸Ҫսʦ⡭
һ£
սʦ⣿
½һ㶡
ʦ֪ȻѧǵĶԾȴǣʦݺϣλս˭֪ϵܵʵ죬¾ͲôˣԭʦЦ
ҲһսλʦںѧԺһλǽʦңµѧ࣬ѧǰģٶ£ԽԽ͡
ʦʲô֣
½Щ١
ȿȣ½ʦĶӡ½Ѱʦ
ԥһ£
󡭡ɶ񣡡½ʦһΣŷ


165 ʦ
һĻ϶ֱιȥ
ѧԺǽʦ½ѰȻǺƽ۽½Ķӡ
Ϊ֪ЩſҪҪ˵ϴųɡ
Ҳԣϵ˼ƽ۽ҪãȴҪء˵Ź֣ûը㲻ˡ
ȥ䡭
꣬½ʦվŭľҪȥ
û߳žͼܼҳǲżĴ˽
ү˴Ѷ
һţǲֱӿڡ
Ѷ
½üͷһ壬ֽӹԷĻƾꡣ
ԼҪȥҲ飬Ѿ˴ݹȥ׷Ҳͬˣʱ˴Ѷʲô˼
ɻ󣬽ҪѵФӵĳ嶯ѹֽƾ򿪣һ֮£ͫ׽ס
⡭
ǲš
ôˣ
һ¸ı䣬ԭʦֵĿ
½ཻ꣬ûƽľ£ǲȻɫġ
㿴
½ʦδֽͣƾ˹
ԭֵĵͷһҲ̲ס۾ɴ󣺡⡭ⲻܰɣ
׷ԸдĻƾ꣬һģ½ʦͷתͷǰĳǲǣ׼Ҫš
ǣ֪үԸ϶м£ǲҷϻæȥ׼
СѷҲһɣ½תͷŽеĻƾҲݹȥ
ѷտʼЩ㲻ƾϵݣȫ۾һҲ¶֮ɫ⡭⡭
׷¿϶Ϊ¡˵ʵҲˣǲ֢սᣬͻƵĻ¶ˡ
뵽ƾϵݣԭʦ̲ס
ǰ½ͷɫ
ֻһλ棬ĻʯΪܰȻû˸ַһȥ裬궯ҡ
ϧǿʵˣ˥ϣߵսᡣ
λҲ⡣
ǰЩӣ׷¾ԭʦǰȥҽΣֻϧȻҽҲ޷˲ǡܹͻƣﵽ߾硣
㣬ѡ
ǿ׳ʱûĺ꣬ʱ;ƿݣôɣ
һֱΪ͹Ϣһȥˣû뵽ȥˣʲô½¶֮̾ɫ
ү׼ˡ
ʱǲ˹
߰ɣ½ڶ˵ʣ˼Ҵȥ
ѴڣֵϵҲʼˣ·ϼۣٶȲ
ʱ䲻һΡĹǽǰ

ԶĻµ𣿡
½ʦ»ûϳ½ݣæǰĻش
ȻûǾȺǿ϶·½ͷ
ţԭʦû˿顣
˴Сʱһ޴˹ܵǻƻֺ꣬һ֪Ǳ²ܳ졣

ϵĳһƣһŻ˳
μ£
ΧʿһƬ½ԭҲ΢΢
Ȩˣ׷£
ʦԭʦǶˡ
׷һЦתȥϹ

ĳٴƿһ߻˳
λߣԭʦ½ɫأǰһ̬ʦˣ
ţź룬ЦŵͷŶһ֣Ҳɣطˡ

ٴδ򿪣Ӱ˳ʮңɫĳۣһЦһְƽ֮С
ׯʦ֣ʦ
ˣȫһˢˢǰ
ܱ˳Ϊʦ˵ǰλʦ
׷¾Ȼһλʦѹ־½Щš
ʦѧͽ̷λǵһʦѷʦѧǺĎʦ
˵ʦˣ½ʦһ
ʦ٣Щûʸݼġ
ˣϻˣȥɣʦЦЦ

λʦĳҡ
ã׷²Ұ̬ĵ
¿ˣ⣬ҲΪ£һΪϺ٣ǺѧԺһλӣ뿴ܲΪѧͽʦЦЦ
ʦ˵½ѰʦɣѧҲжš
׷ЦЦæܣ˵½ʦĶӡ
½һ黭ʦжš½ʦЦ
ʦˡ½æ
黭ʦλܸߣʦһġ
û¶
ˣҲˣгɣҲδպҺ͎ʦ֣ʦһ𿴿ܲҵһᣬʦҲϻ
飬ҵλ档
˵׷²ԥߵ̫һ䣬߼Ҵ뿪
ʱ䲻һ߾Ĳ˹
λ뷢ȫˣƤҲ壬˱ƣƺֶȥҲ޷
㲻ÿҲ֪Ѿ;ƿݵľ硣
޷ͻƣҵõĽȷһ¡
ʦʦ֣ʦ߹
ͱˣǿ
ʦҲϻתһȦһȦüë
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ǵģ׷С⣡һ£̲ס
£ֱ˵λѾ˥ˣǰһа취ͻƣϧƣѾû취ˣ
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ҲͬĽ飬ǿгصĻ·ǵܳɹɱ֣֮ʦҲҡͷ
ʦȻָͻƣ˽߾磬Ҳоԣǰλ飬Ѿ;ƿݵʱˣǿгǵܳɹŪû䡣
˵ûʦҲҡҡͷҲΪôˣʵ޷ȹҲһֽѡ
ʦЩĺܵȻѣȴҲûпⰲοͻرܡ
ðɣ
׷¶ʧ֮ɫ
Ϊԭʦҵλʦ϶ܽζû뵽ɵõ
ʵҲʧʦȴҲֻһǣ뵽һλǣ߸߼ʦδûн֮
ʦο
ʦ
׷¿Ц
Ϊλһǣͻ˲֪ٴۣԷҪϰ٣˳·ŹģȻҪŶûС
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˼ҵŶȥ
ʦڷ֮УĴڣ¶Ҫʿ֮֮һͨı£ôö
£ҵһϢܶá
׷¾ϣʱһԭʦͻȻڡ


166 Ҳ
Ŷ׷
ǰһλʦˣҺ񻹲ֹһǡ
ԭʦ֪Ϣ˵˳
ʦֹһǣ׷⼸һֱ棬Ǯϸ౨ûü֪Ǹǡ¼
ǣλʦ׽ϵĲ֢˶缲ԭʦ֪Ϣ˵˳
ҽʦȥι⼸ˣ֪κõѶȣλʦ̶һʮӾκã𾪲ѣŴǰȥݷá
κò֢ʦ˵ĶԻʦҡҡͷʦȻиֶΣҪĻǰͻƣβãҽʦ
ʦ֣ʦҲͬʱҡͷͬ
ҲѹǲţʦָκְҵҲβˣּҪߵ̫ˣһһǡǣҲֻǰͻƣָ㼸ְҵѡ
˵ʦߵﶼܹעôܵСطһⷿס£
ԭʦ޷
λʦȻֵöܴȴǿβû˵˭ͻ˾磬ҾǲʦҲֻǴţûȷ
˵λʲô֣ΧڵĶʦҼ֪ΣʦЦſ
ҾͲ֪ˡԭʦ

ʦһ£ҡҡͷΧڣûλʦʦҲ֪һЩû֣
ʦʦĽӴȦʦȻֻһǣжʦٶǡǻ֪һЩģܽг֣Եһ˵
ǸƭӰɣҲ˵ˣǰȥݷãҪңʦ˭ܿЩư֮ʦЦ
ʦλ磬ҪʲôԴһ仰κδҶṰϣ˸ۡýȥˣϽԾƭӣҪ׬Ǯġ
⡭ԭʦЩ̫š
죬λʦ鶼ˣһֱȥݷãλʦ˵ƭӣ
ʵǲƭҲܼ򵥣ϵ绹Ҫ죬ոպҲûʲô£ҿȥǲʦͿԽҴˣʦ
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Ұɣ˵ʵҲȤġ֣ʦҲЦ
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Է˵Ĳļٲˣٵ治ˣԷģλȥҲûʲôǼٵģᱻҴԼҲͲþˡ
λʦ꣬׷ҲҲ廰ֻεҡͷ
һ֮ʦֹǲװ

֪λʦһԼһѾ
ʰһ£緹ǿҪȥһˣңš
ǣү
ǿͷԺ
Ϊʦܼңڿ־ʲôĴ壬ʲô壬֮ǰҪͽĴڣҪͷ
ʲôݣү˵ˣţҪҵš
˶˵飬㹻š
֪룬Ϊ˼ͷ߳ۡ
ҵһӣĻԼòֱ½ĸۡȥ
½ʦ˵ȥ⣬ӦþܲѨĹɹˡ
ʱ䲻½ʦĸۡ
ϵܣҶԲ㡭
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Բѵȥġ⣡һ¡
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£˸ӡ½ʦҡͷ
ӣɶͷԡ
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ǰҲϲ˵ǸФҪ鷳ʦ⣬ҵĲԣҽ͹ȥ䡭
½ʦ
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ǰТļһǰҳߣû½ʦҡͷ
ȻѾ׼ԣͲ鷳½ʦˣȻΪҺ£Űе㡭
Цһ
ʶ½ʦû뵽½ѰȻӡ
Ҳ̫ɺˡ
Ե鶼Ѿų磬ʱҲˣȻҪǾҪ½ʦȥһ֣ɨأ
򲻹ӣȥϵͽѵѧȥҼҳʲô
ɲɡ
Ǻðɡ
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ϵܣӣСûԹ԰ˣȻҪ֣֪ԸҲ֪ˣ죬ҪôѲŰ
˼䣬½ʦΡ
Լӣ̫ˣΪ˵䣬ֱҳߣü겻Ķ
λϵֽܳѵһ٣òҲԵͷֻ֪ܴнͷ­ߵĸԶ
ðɣ
ź½ʦôùϵʱҪҪŵˮ⻰˵ͷ
ȻԷô˵½ѰʦҪģԼҲԸ
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⣬棬Ѽ鼮ֻӵܣԼԺյȨʸۿ
½ʦΪʦҪһ˽£ûǰǾͷ׷׷С

棬ܡ
ȻʲôȴʮݻǰĹʹضãҪ֡
ͥԺ飬֪û˴·Ļߵк·Ҳ
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ǰȥֻһߴʮ׵Ĺǰ֡⡱ߣɫּ⣬ҫҫԡ
׷µĽžͿⷭ鼮󷨣ҾͲȥˡ
һһɫơ
̻һĿ
л½ʦӹæȭ
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ãٶ˵ֳֽ˽ȥ
⣬еܲһۿͷ鼮Ǻǲְҵǧ֮ޡ
òһˣЩ鼮ȫӡͼݰɣ
һμô鼮˷ܵ۾һҲȥѰҹֱһŸǰַ˹ȥ

Ҳ˷

Ҳ⣬ʼ飬һߣԭʦҲʦ֣ʦʦλʦĸۡ档
λʦסĵط
ԭʦǰһָ
ţŰɣʦ˰֡


167 ŵǿ
ˣ
ǰԭʦʼţʱ䲻Ŵ򿪣ǿͦŶ˳
һۣƤһ̧ңſڵţүʲôʱҪǣýȥ
ԭʦϲʶǿС˵֪˭
˵˭
Ҽүʦţǻš
ȿȡԭʦˮǺһ¡
λʦһССܼңôšͲ±
ԭǰݷˡ
ȻвˬȴҲ֪ǰ˿ʦܼңʦ֮ĽλͣҲҲеġ
ʲôԲҸղ˵Ļ𣿽ţҼүһ棬򣬹ߴߴᡣ
ǿֵĴһڣЩͷ
ûǮװʲôװ
֪Ǽү˭𣿡һʵڿȥˣǳ⡣
ҹǼү˭븮ۡͱĹأϻûǮͱװʲôβǣûУǿǰװʲôƣ
ǿһӵĿ
ûǮ͹Ǽү˭ٴܴùʦ
㡭
ĲûѪ
ǼүʦߵɶطΪϱ󲻿ԣһУֱӱװơ
װƣȫҶװƣ
ɫһ죬뽫ݰڳǳԷͼʦֽסֻ·˵أǼүͷͨһ¡
û˵꣬ͼǿֱǰֵ̧ƣϣͷǶˣ⣿ҸղŵĻѵû壿ݷǼүóûǮ͹ǹءأǲܴ׼򣬶

Ķһԭʦͣ£ûιȥ
ʦ
ļҲȫԭأһˡ
꣡
һﾹȻʦ˵⡭Ѿ⵨Ӵ󣬶ǲ֪ˡ
ʦҲˡ
ȻҲû뵽ǰλӸôɣüͷ鴤
ô˵һʦ˶صĴڣǿǰҳһڣһﵹãֱҲǣҲǡ
ƵҪѪ
ԷԲ֪ԼݣʦĹһͺһСȥͶˡ
һΣԷڶƣǿסƣһ֡
ƣ
ǣ
ĻӦӻȡһö˹Ǽ˵ĿγֻҪֳԽҼרָһʱԵˡ
ʦᷢһЩγԼӡֻҪӵⶫͿѽָ㡣
ⶫʦ˵ݵҲԵǮ
ϾʦĿΣʮϡ٣˴ԴһöһʱĿγͨ۷ǿߣΪ֮ƴ
ҪǮֵԶҡ
ž
ûݵǿͱһӳȥˤ˷۴⣺ǲ⣿һҲΪɵûǮȫҹ
˵һǱӵתۡȥ־ҪŹϡ
ûʦȻҲûνĿγǿòǮøŪûǸ߾ͺܸˡ
㡭
ӵ񿴹ڻһĿҪˡ
ðһܼң
ֱæƱͷͨһʦ
ϾҪţԭʦҲ̲סǰһ
չȥλʦᷢ쭣ֻǸССҽʦɲΪ˹֮ܵ֡
ţ⻹࣬㶮£
ӹƱǿͷһۣĵ˵ͷŸпһ䣺Ǯ粻óʲô񣬼ٵģûôٵģѵ֪ǿǸԭûǮŶûУ
⻰ٴǳ鴤ԭҲûס
磬֪ղˤÿγʲôֵ
ͨ۷ǿΪⶫͷѪ㵹ãӳȥ֮ġ
ʦĹܼң
ôŶʶ
ˣŰɣǼүղ³ˣõĻټġ
ƱװãӰ֡
ţԭʦüëһ
ãˣﲻ˵Ǯ˲˵Ҫ
ҪһǰݼҲˣ˴ţؼǡλүôţ
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ǿ
ԷǮϣ̬Ժ࣬˿飨ϵۣ
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Цҿǵү洫ЩֶΣȫۼ֤޷ǾթԷ¶ţȻ취ƣƾҵֶΣŪǼǮõļһǴ´ġ
ѧ˲٣
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㣿
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˵ʲô
ʦһ㶣ûιȥ
æôˣ
ԭʦһΣƵĲһͷײǽϡ
ꡭ죬ҿ㻹һװɡʵڿס
⡭ѹ̫ˡ
̶̼һӾĻ࡭
˵ķŭ𾪣үװ֣ǿһЦţŶûҾͻһ˵˵ɻã


168 ʦ
ۣ
ȫһΣ·С
տʼΪǲ˵ˣˣڶ֪˵ľ
ʦȫҡ
ֱ׳ɽӣãӣţ
ԭʦǽֱԭأ档
Ҿ˵һ䣬˭˭ˡºˣʦһŭ϶󳳴֣ǸʦĻƽһ⣬ȻԼûȻˡ
ĿɿڴǿΪԼ˵УȻվ
ǵүթķһڣԷ̹ˣ״̬;ֹѧΩΩФһ߸ϣ¶ģ
ͷת뿴ԷǲóϷݵƺʦžͿԷɫ࣬ǰγ
үҪɱһҪ
ôãǿɵҲֲԾˣС⣡һ£ѵ˵Ĳԣʱܶݺϡ
үÿο˵Ҳ˷ŭթȷ󣬶Է̷ˡ
뵽⣬ٴƽ˲ţɣšŶŲڲҪ㡭ǸԱ˳ŵġ
˰죬ү⼸䡣
Χѻȸ
磬һ䱾;㵨ӹˣû뵽ԶԶǼޡ
ҪʦšʦԱ˳ŵġӴģûôġ
ʦҲ࣬Ƥͣ鴤˿Ҫεڵء
ҪǺߣǰһˡ
үɱĴ
ƣҲ̲סױȭ
˭
ʦһ˦䡣
ʵҲɱǰλԷŷЩɵˡ
ʦһССܼңô˵⻰
ԷǸʦ˼ҹܼɱˣҲҳŭ
ԣСΪãȰڳݣöԷ֪̬ȡ
ӣǼүǱүʦ衭ǰһ
ҹʲôүǿ˵һ룬ֵһ˵ʲôʦʦ
үԲںʦǾͿˡ
Ǽүһʦҳ裬Ѿ
ҧгݡ
ʦ裬ȻȫңҪţ˵ǸЩ㹻һٴˡ

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ֻүڣװƣүĿ࿴ζû뵽װɵˡ
үҲװģΪɶԷŵֱӹ£ҴԼȴֱʦ
˸ôôأ
ʦⲻ
ô죿
ǿֵţҪˡ
ȥͨү˵ʦ衢ׯ֣͡ǰݷã£һԺǼү˵
ղŻŲѵֹܼŵö£ʦһ֡
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Ǽүһͳˡ֪ʲôʱԷʱ֣ǿ˿
֪˶Էݣٲ֮ǰôš
֪ʲôʱüͷһ塣
ܲһֱɣ
ǣǿͷ
ɣǵİţʲôʱǼүݷá
һ֣Ļƾ͵һŰ
ǣǿҷϻӹԺյʦ֣üͷͲͣ
߰ɣ˲ڣλʦҲúһܼҹߴᣬת뿪
뿪ǿ˿ϵ亹صԺ䡣
ջصԺӣ;ϥһ̱ڵء
ƲװģȻ֪ôġԺ󣬴Ҳװˡ

ʦΪʲôֱɱļһ
ȥʵ̲סѯʡ
ܳΪʦȻĴ֮ʦҲһɱô˵ˣ
֣ϵܣô
ûشĻתͷһ֣ʦ֣ǡ
סۡ˲򵥣ʦ¼𲻱ǵ֣͡ɫصĵ˵ͷ
ǰһĎʦׯҲͷ
⡭ûۡ𣿡
λʦ⻰ȫЩ㲻
ǲûӿеүûˣôȷ𲻱ǵͣ
ںԭҲɻĿ
ûˣǿĹܼҡʦ
̲סɶֵģ
ֻ˱棡ʦҡҡͷλܼңҸտʣǵãϼ۷壬ˣǣղſûʵжߣ
ƤǾڡ
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ͨץŻľ֮࣬ԷԼȻⶫׯֻһѪؿڣϵⲻͣ
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Լָ㣬޷Ǽ֣Ľҳ󡢷øָĵҩһﵹã
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ңϹӡ
սǱܣһͻƵķɡԺﻤҲ̫˰ɣ
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ǡ
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үʱ䲻ˣ֪һ⣬Ҳһͷˮԡ
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үȻţ϶Ĵ㣬ԼֻҪС
ʱ䲻ߡ˸һֳֳΪ˷ֹ⣬ĸ
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λׯʦҪͻƣϣܵõǵİͷ
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ǿҹʱҲ˵⼸λʦʵ˵ӴϣȴΪæе˷֪ܿ
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Ըͺãĵͷתͷ裺ܻҪ鷳ʦæסׯʦϵѨ޷
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ҡׯͻ˵ʲôͼɫȻĿͻƾˣҲ÷ѹ򡣡
˵꣬Ȳ裬ͬһ
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ԽԽǿķŭ۵ԽԽ࣬Ƕѻɳһγɽ
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Ϊپɱɱҡ
ı꣬⣬Ƥһ̧
Ϊׯһ㶣漴Լһ֮£ͫ׽ס⡭ôܣ


174 ŵİ
ֻϵϢȼȸղǿ˺üֹȻͻͨ۷塣
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߰ʦɣһ֮۷ֻһ֮ȴͬƼɵԾŰ㣬Խ
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ׯԼʦΪͻ磬֪˶Ѫδɹôͷһٺڹͻˣ
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ׯ͵Ƕܶ취Ϊӣ˥޷ͻˣôû뵽Ҵһپͳɹˡ
ܸһ㲻
˿ҲͻƵķԼͻƲʦǲҲӦһȺ˴ƹ
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ҪǸոմ漣һǲȥķˡ
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ʵӯǺ£Ҳȱ㡣ΪʦСָ֪ĶǶԵģľһǱʶԽӶγйоصëУǹطԲīسɹ棬տʼٶȻܿ죬ﵽͨ۷壬ҪͻƵʱ򣬷Ϊ
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ͻۣڵͿԴﵽ벽ʦˣϧɣûţû´㸸ӦһҲûﵽ־磬Ϊ磬ĳЩʰɣ
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ֿ־ﲻ֪ˣҪ˷ѣΨһķǷŭĵĿֻšԣסԴ˴ƹ֪ɣȻΪҶ裬Ȼ֮ǣһ־ʧˣôĻۣеķͻҲ¡
˫ֱվڿм䣬Ӱսһصľˡ
⡭
ׯվԭϸ˼ŶԷĻÿһ飬Ͳ𾪡
˵򵥣ʵϿһ似ƲҶ֢ҩǰƶϳû˿©ӳ̶ȣͻƵʦ
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˵λʦݷλʦѲʹ˵еһﵽ˶Ǽ𣿡
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ҲרŰݷ˶ǰ缲κãΪҲ˵еһﵽͨ
λʦֶǸĪ⣬

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175 
Ϊʦ֪ʦĵλžһܼһ£ǸƭӡȻ涼û¶
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ҴĽҴ˲ڣһܼҹĽҴ

𾪹жЩˡ
غģһĵληʦ԰ȴδؼɵ
ղ˵ʱĵ˶ˣڲ֪Ǽˡ
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ǹңҲźĸߣˡ֪Ͳϻˡ

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ѾѪʦȴΪΨһϣǰλҪ֣϶ˡ
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ţɣѼһ¹ͨؼνֻҪУʲôʱҵһǧϣҿԿΪָ㡣

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֮ǰǶֻһؾϢ˿̣ȴϢۻ룬ʮ㣬Ȼȫﵽ߶ء

⼸λѧĽ½ѰĵͷӣûѾ޴ۣѪ
ﵽ߶أٶԸǸͿѹˡ
½ʦλʦˣ
뽻䣬ʦ˽˫˷ܡ


176 Ƶʦ
ˣ
½Ѱתͷѡ
ţʦ˸պùݷãһĻ׷£Ժӣʱ䲻ʦͳˣ̬ʮֹλʦ϶ʦҼʦֻ߲͡
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˵ݷˣһͽǿˡ
İɣѾˣ½Ѱ¶ŵЦݣҲܰݷãȻĹ涨ҹ˼棬϶ϽģҲ˵ֻҪ˵Ӧò𴩣
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⡭գ۾
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׼һ£ȥݷá
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֣Ƶʦһڣɫ࣬ŭ絤ΪʦԹŴУȴжصĹأΣҳҪϬѪҺ֮⣬Ҫλһֱȡʸ񡣡
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ļ¼ùҷκ˽ף絤ˣҪܵͷƵʦ˫üһŲɵϡ
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⡭ʦ̫ҽܿһЩԾȴ޷Ҫ
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¯߳磬磬ΪʯĨǰơ
˶һ࣬Ҫȫ͸Ҫһʮĸ
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⡭
Ƶʦû֮ǰŭ𣬶ǵɴ۾񾧡
ΪʦܽӴߵĵʦҲǽ̸ƺǰ뽫¯֪ĺʹöӦķƳƷʵҩ
һֱЩңԶζû뵽һѧͽſ˵˳
Ƶʦºרŵȡ¯ľڣϸʵԱȹ۵¯ĸ߶ں񣬻ʱ䣬˴ʲôĵҩʦ˵ķֺûκδ󣡡
Ҳרʵ飬͸ȷҪһʮĸֺ

һŷ᳤͡
ʵͣƵʦҲиţ֪Է˵ûд
ҩЧװʧ˰ٷ֮ʮʧܣ
ҩЧûг׷ӣʧ˰ٷ֮ʮģʧܣ

⡭⡭ܣ
һġʧܡƵʦֱȭͷ
˵˳Ǻԣ˵ʧٷֱȣû˿󣬲಻٣ǲԵļ¼ʦԹĿ
ŷ᳤óһӵ˹ȥ
ȻǱ絤Ȼ׾ͽ뿪ŷ᳤ͼλʦҹӰ࣬˵Щȫһ飬ĿɿڴȻһģһûһ
⡭
¼һ飬ƵʦЩץ
涼ʦǩÿһʱ䣬ǵ١
ֻһ۾ͼסʮҩĵͶŲ裬ÿһֻķӦԼʧҩЧ
꣬⻹
ƵʦԼĦһ£̲סҡͷˮƽ㡣
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ɣǹĳȲУڵڶʮŵϲ࡭
¼ϣһЦһڣ˵鼮ƺλá
Щ顭ƺ˵һ
Ƶʦ١
˵֮ǰ˵Щ޷ȷϣ鼮ϣ֪ʶԶŷ᳤ˣԷ˵鼮ݡһģһûκδ
˵ʵʦᣬȻ絤һʮļһΪʽʦʮַŭġ
Ϊŷɵ˿϶ʮַˮˡ
ΪˣܲǱ߲¿졣
·ϣ̣ëȻжλͨȡʦʸôû뵽¼ˮû꣬Ѿˡ
ˮϵݣ㣬ʵʵġ˽Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ʦġ¯ǫʦġעˡţ诵ʦġϸ˵Ӳʦġ¯
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ЩҲ˵ȫȷ
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Ƶʦؽڷף촽ͣ
ƲöԷˮûͷ֣ȻһɶҲ
ŷ᳤ʦһѧͽ
ॣ
һƵʦеĲ豭ڵϣˤ÷顣
תͷȥžͿһ˫۷죬۴޾ɵļһ˽


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Ǹŵļһ
ָƵʦƽȺ
ˮеļһǣ⼫ǰһ޾ɣ۾Ѫ졭
Ǳˣ
ʦպҩĴ򽻵ʮעأһ㲻Լرƣ룬ҡʦƷְҵעϣɶʱһʽʦè۳ģ
Ҳ̫ûˡ
ɻŷʦҲŹ֡
ԼǱһ޲еطȥ
̫ˡ

֪еĺ˼룬߽䣬ʮλʦȻڣҲЩ֡
ЩʦƽʱæҪ룬̫ףˣǰһټʮλô춼
ٶʦûϵҡҡͷᣬǿסϵƣ룬м䡣
ŷ᳤ҪĶ𣿡
ˣ⡭
ŷ᳤ƵʦĶ˹
ƷҩϬ޵ѪҺ
ӹɫһϲսָ漴׼õĽƱ˹ȥ
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Է꣬ûɶ⣬Ҫ뿪
ʵ̫ˣЩãϿûȥšԬʹãȻܰ˯һˡ
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ƵʦӦվ
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ЦæҪؼ˯˭йش⣿ôôû
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磬λרŵĶʦ㾹ȻĴš
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һƷϢƹУֳɵ󣬵ҩƵһ£ν
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˰֡
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ΪҩƵĵҩζ࣬ʲȴը¯νƵʦŵ
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׳һĿԷǶƷʦɣôϵģ

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ƣ¶һ˿ˣ˫üһ
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ڿǶԷ𲻴Ӧͼ֪ʱѾվǰеƣʧĸɸɾͷų⣺˵ģ
;ϬѪҺǧҵҩģѣֱ̫ˡ
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ըϢУƵʦںڣͷһģ˫һ˹
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⸱ģŷ᳤ЦֲЦ
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ڵã˸̿һͷҪһֱɿ˫ۣǲǻˡ
Ҳ֪˿̲ЦʱˢˢĿ⼯ϡ
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Ҳ뿴ڱ絤ʱ緢ֻ꣬ܲԻ͡
Ŀ⼯УͼԶ꣬һŹֵĿȷǶʦ
ʲô˼Ƶʦһ˦䣬ԵЩá
໨ʲôԣĲˣʵ
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ǮɫҲ˳ΪҶҲкԵҩġ
ҩģȻҩģںȴᷢ䣬Ϊ䱩ԡ
֪ԪĵãҩģΪں϶ը¯ҲըƵʦҡͷңҷҩ˳ûκδҩм仹һкͣϸղ裬ʱҲû˿󣡡
רŸ̹Ԫƣÿһҩģÿһ裬һģһȴкܴ죬ȫɻ
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ҶЩܷá
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㡭ô֪ĺ׾
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׾崫еĹСѾʮ꣬ȷǻԣתףԼܣδһĲٺѶ֪飬һôһڵƣ
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ֻҪͼݾ鼮˵ȱݣ˵Ļܽһ㲻ʲô
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׶˵ġ
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ݲкҩԵģֻҪһζԼͻܴҩľӦܹ
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ʱޱȣ˫ĺƵʦ˿̸Сѧһǳⲻҷŷ᳤һץͷ޲ײǽ
ɵҲ֪˵Ŀ϶ȫԣûд󣬲ȻҲöԷ۷
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˵𾪣ŷ᳤ǰֽ֮ǰĽƱץ˹

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Ц
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ս㳤϶ͷðһȥССʦѣ϶ŵˡ
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ǰʦӦ÷ܶĿ꣬СѧԺСѡ
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ӭλʦ̧ͷ­һ߸ϡƵᡢǳģɻ
˭
Ȼ½Ѱʦ±ԣδԷ֪λǡ
ѧԺʦ٣ȥֻĲãʶλǽʦҲ


179 ʦˣ
װģĶ飬صҿá
ʦˣ
ѧڣţȫ
⼸춼Ŭ
һܣ˵Ϊĵ˵ͷ
첻ѧȻ˼ӱ֣ˣﵽһؾϢ۷塣
ȻҲ۷ûͻƣȴ˻࣬Ӿ뵤ﾳҲֻһš
ڻԬΣȻҲӾϢڣﵽڡ
ϢڵĹȻЧѡ
ڵţ㲻ָ㣬ӦҲ׾ٵսʤ֮ǰ顣
šԬΣҹ
ּһ˵û⣬˰֡
ʦݣո򵽵ĵҩȡ˳ţԼʣҸľͰǰݽȥȻµҩ
˹ȥ
лʦȻ֪öҩֵǧ򣬵ʦͳʽҩҲʮģžϲĽסам
ԬΣ֪ΪʲôΪѧ𣿡ŵҩԶͽܡ
ҡԬͷ
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ԣЩȻš֣һŬʵȴЩԱġ
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⼸һֱʦ᲻ᶪҪˣû뵽ʦ˿ء
İɣʦ϶ῴ˰֣Ŀ⾼Ŀ츳УҪˣ϶ҪԸĿ࣬ǷԸ⣿
ʦĸ߼⣬֪ںϾϬѪҺʣʮʹ࣬һֲסǵ޷Ūû
ԣûֱӰѶԷȼԷ¶ġ
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⻰Ԭ֪˾״סƿ۾ƺлȼա
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180 ż
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ʣСĸйҪ۲СԵ˵ҪĻҪֵǧƷҩ
ǣҴ°ȥʦṺһöҲҪǰ׼⣬˸10Ʊ͸ʦŮҪƷѣҰǲǷ飬Ҳö˳Կ
УԳһӣ¶Ũҵϡ
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˵֮ǰȣԲĻ˿̵ƾòʣöԷ̧ͷΪѧԺһŮ
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182 
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춼ǰ֪ʦͻƵĵʣΪԼĻ⡣
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ĵĲͣŤѩ׵ƤŹâһĸоǶץס˵֮˵ҩ飬ʦЩ촽ɣ
ǡҪͻƣ
Ϊͷһƹͻƾ͹ˣζû뵽ĸ⡭
ʦˣǲ֪ЩѧЩۡ򣬶ˣ


189 Ʒ£
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׷Ū飬漴ΣȻŪѣٴΡһ衢ׯ֣͡Ǹͬ±ƣҲЩץˡ
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߰أʦ
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˵϶û취ɹͻƸԼ
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190 ½ѰǮ
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191 Ĵ˵ϣ
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ʦԴɻĿ
ԱԽ½ѰǺѧԺһǽʦλʦȻ֮սӦҲ̫ࡣ
ԼΪĽʦôû֣


192 Ĵ˵£
Ҳǵһ˵λʦר˴˲֪ݡǵǽʦһֱڸ
֮ǰݣ׷µҲЩţЦҡͷ̲סʵ֪λʦ֮ǰѧԺͷʲô𣿡
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194 𾪵ʦϣ
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ʦԽԽ𺳣һȫվԭض߲ˡ


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ݵĲҶС괺ӲҶɣժ決ΪڣζҲŨû˵ɣ

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203 Ҵ
ƽҶһ꼴ɷãȴҪ꣬˵⣬ҪݸãζԶ㣬ˮ֮˲ͽҶȫ꣬ʱ̫죬¾괺ζûȫӣһʧܣ
괺ڳʪ֮أҶڶʪǰҪõˮϴܻҶòҶõɢζǵûϴֱӸݣӰ˿ڸв˵þ괺Ӳһȼڶʧܣ
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һҪʤΪʦѧͽͻһǻԼʲô£
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ҸոձĸһֺûᣬܷŹ

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204 ½Ѱļˮƽ
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үүǿǾ裬㡭ôһ¸ô࡭
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ԷָүүҲһô󷽰ɣ
Ҷǿǻ˲ժ決ģҵĻǧҶ򵽡
үүƽʱҲúһڣôˡ
붼ۡ
ࣿһ㶼࣡
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ܴϣڿԻȣ˲һǰ㡣
˵Ĳ裬һ㶼࣬Ȳ˵ʦָ㣬˵ϵ֣ǧ򡣡
׷¿ڡ
򵥵ġҰ¹֣һһӽӽһ֣޼֮˵裬ҵĲҶ⣬
ο˽ύһλ黭ʦ˫Ĺϵ
ʦָ㣬࣬磬գǾͰŰɣչһ£òٽһ
ϵͷٶ˵
ҲͲʦˣ
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ﰡʦΪλʦ۵׷¸пһԶ̫ࣺȥ׼һ£ʦ⣬ҲҪȥۿ
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ʦ׷µ뿪︮½ѰҲ˳һ뿪Χ¶ŨŨŭͲʡ
һͼʦƾʲôƾʲôɶ񣡿ɶ񣡡½Ѱ˻еĺ㾡֮ˮҲϴɡ
Ϊ磬кܴͻƣɹΪʦѧͽζû뵽
һֱƲϵСӣȥѪˡ
ǿҵ裬Щץ
½Ѱõʦ֮ӣС˳ˮ˳磬ȥ˵ɶʱִܹ
Сӿ϶оо黭ͲˣڿҾÿ϶УֻҪӮʦ⣬һһѩ衣һ
츳ܲж츳ðɣ
츳ã˵ľޣ󲿷ʱо黭ͲˣڿϿ϶û̫๦
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ѵ츳֪黭ʦֻһ֮ңһ̤;߱˿ʦʸ񣬼Щڿξ飬Ͷʦоѧϰʮڿ˳ɹǰ϶ġ
ҪΪʦ벹ˣ׶ˡ
һʲôģܼ򵥣Ҳǲܡ
ˣʱ䲻ǳˣǰݷʦʱ½ģպûԹöھȥҪǴչƣһٻʤҪ˶֪ںѧԺ½Ѱ޵еģ
һ˦䣬½Ѱ
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Ѿ֪޷Ȱ裬˵ͷ
Է˵ûڵȷѾû·ˣ
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ʦһϣˣ޿ܡ
Ψһϣʦȫʤ˶֪½ѰǽʦǺѧԺĵһ
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Ǿ䣡

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һ㶣漴׹
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ǸҪݼϣ׼һЩĶɣīͼı
ȻΪʦ׼ģʦõ͸ϵҲȻˡ
أֻׯʦѧûҪ׼ɣ
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ʦѧͽѷֻׯʦѧһ֮۵λݶ˺ôأûпɱԡ
ΪʦѰҺһѧûҪô˰ɡ
ʵҡѷͷЩ˼СҪīͼҲ˵ԼҪܺɴһ𡭡ڣҹŴʦǷˣʮϲ

ԭһҪīͼֻΪ椡
Ҳˡ
ԷҲûֻкͻﾺ棬׷ҲȻ
ֻΣŮˣһעҪʧˡ
ѷֻׯʦѧûҪ徳ȥðСүһҲ¡ԣϴֻһҰ¹ûһȥͼ
Ŵʦ㲻ǲô
һᣬѧԺǰ̲סʵ
һ֮ǰ˵αôһ¾˵ݲ©ȻóϷ
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ԺȻвٹڲ鼮ûϸѧϰ˵ʵȷһ㶼ᡣ
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ѵôƭ
ѧԺˣǣ
һŵģüͣЦЦ
ѧԺˡ
δŵˣҲ֪ǵʲô̶ˡ


208 ī֭
ѧԺ˿ѾһƬڡ
ȼʼ
һѧµѧϰ˼ɹʱˡ
˵δȣ˭ȡõһ
Ҿû֮ǰһǸһѧʹﵽߵڶˣڿ϶ǿ󡣡
ȣֲȫʵ˵ѧǰ˵½ʦǼμʦҲͻ߶ˣһõ洫ܲʤǶ˵
Ҳ½ʦѧɣӵһ㲻һҲҪ½ʦ³֡
Ȼſǰٵģ˵½ʦ£ڶҲҪжְ
ʦ½ʦʦ⣬˵˭Ӯ
Ӯɵˣ⻹˵ʦʲôʸ½ʦǽ̵Ϊѣʦʿ˲ȷνһ࣬òҲû̳ʲôɼɣ
⡭⵹ǣ
ǲ͵ˣʵ㣬˵ˣһҪ½ʦģ˽̵߻ħȻ˼ʦ⡭治֪Ƥôô񣡡

ôϢģ˵λʦΪ˸УʹﵽѨˣΪչѧԺ棬һֱ̲˵
Ҳ˵ˣǸ߻ħѧ˵ģĿΪͻ
һҷ壬棬ʦϣֱͻƣѾ߶ظˣҪ°ʦ£½ʦʦ⡣
ģļٵģ
ȻˣϢһλϤ˵ģǧȷ

۵е˵Ҳе˵ǱӭսʵΡ
̵£ҦĿ⴫ȫѧԺ˼֪ˡ
󲿷ѧѡ˲š
Ͼ½ѰѧԺʵ̫ˣȻϴʦʿΪֵԩʱôѧԱߴ󣬻Ǻѵġ
Щ⡣
ʦ⣬һжнᣬＸѧʵ
ܿԼĽҡ
ʦ
ŵ˶ڣչ¶Ϣ

˵״̬ĵͷ
Ȼûһġ
š֣ӱﻹԬΣ˵ʵʵķԾͰǰǱһƵġ
ˣΡҡҷˣҲ˳
ĿȻ࣬ȴÿһֱֶָģΣҲԽԽ࣬ͱȻ
ʲô
佱һ䣬뵥ڿΣٽһͻȻ۾ڽҽ
Ӱһ࣬ںһƬ֪ʲô
ļţ֮ǰûⶫġ
ʦī֭ӱɫһ죬С
ī֭һͷˮⶫʲô
̵ΪĻΣҪīҲҪġ鷨ŪЩʲô

һʣѧȫΣһ˵
ôˣѵʲô˵ԬΣ˵
̬ȹŹ֣üëһ
ҡ
û뵽ʦԬϣƬ̣ģС㴿ʿøƯѧԱ

ע⣬ʿŹȻ̥ǣòʣ˷츲صı仯ٲ֮ǰǸĴС㣬һʮĴŮˡ
ò㶼Ҫ֣ҲѹѧĽĹ
˹Ūī֭ʲôˡ
űƯˣɧţ߾ǣѧԺǻҺ
˵⼸ѧʵ˸ҹңҲ类˰ɡ
֣ԬһͲʲôʡ͵ĵƣǽڵˣܹԹԺǽ
ѧǻˣԬͷεЦһÿ춼ͷǻΧǶ;ٶǿ϶򲻹Բ׼Щī֭һ˵ī֭רΪϲմⶫ϶˼ȥ
ͷɶͷԣȷѧԺʦ
ǣѧԺʦһʶû⼸һģͲģ˵֣һֱĶһ࣬šӱָָ㣬ʱʱͷЦЦһͲʲôˡ
ŵָָ㣿ѧԺɶʱ޳ܵļһˣ
ѧĵ˵ٻüͷ
ͷʮСŮָָ㡭ȷġ
ɣ
˵˼䣬Ҳ⼸ͷ⣬ͷСһЩšӱ⼸첻Ҫȥͷī֭ã
Ȼͷ϶ݵģȻ͵СŮͺܶˣһٱīҲ֪ˣԶߡ
Ȼ󲿷ʱ䶼ѧУ⼸һٸҹֽѵһ١
ʦ꣡
Ҿ˵ʦ壬ǵġ
ͬ⣬ѧͬʱߺ
ţˣϻˣԬΣȹҿΪô
Ҫʦˣѧиͳһ˽Уͬʱָһ£һЩ
½СŪսоʤӲ١
߽СңŹϣһ֣һ似
ǣԬεͷһȭ˳ȥХƾˡ
ΪȻû̫һؾϢڣȴʮǿһȭ֣г

ࡣ
һȭ˵ͷﵽ˺ܸˮƽһȭȥ˵ͬߣǿܲܳܣ˵
ϬѪֻ˰ٷ֮ʮҲʮֲֿ
ôȻͬ졣
Ԭδ˿̵ΪѧԱģͷǿĿ¡
Ϊ̫ˣУʱ̫עضնܺƥ䣬˵һھֻҪúϢڣ¡
һᣬ
ԷȭѾγµ鼮еݿ꣬Ȼ֪ȱݡ
ǣԬæͷרıУʱ䲻ͽھ
ˣŽй
ԬΣڰ֡
ʱ䲻˹
ò˵ʹȻ£һɢ˾̾ʣһ־׹䷲ĸо
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òʣºͬѧϣֻҪһЦ䡣
Ȼǲƽģ⸱ģμӱԣǸŪóֶҡ
һȭ
ǣŵͷȭһȭ

Ƿ
ʵ
Ժγ鼮һ۾ʱԲǲš
⡭ôܣ
Ǹʲô

¡
˵ͻȻĽһžҵ𣬼ŭ
ô£
üͷһ壬ٹ˲϶˵̧˳ȥ


209 
˿Ѿҳһţֳֳ֣ǹӱҲٴУԬŷӡӣһɱڡ
ǰī֭һأ߰˺ڵļһվſһץ
ԣҪԼļӣֱīŪڡ
ʦ޳ܵļһ͵
ôˣ͵ŮѧҪ
ԬΡＱæһ·ֺһ㡣
û˵꣬Ϳһ򵭶ʦһ飬˻ΣҪˤ
ʦׯʦ֣ʦôǣ
ˡ
֮ǰ˵ͷ⼸һ۲죬ΪʲôУζû뵽ʦ
ʦҾͺˣװĲһ࣬ʲô
ºˣīŪû
ˣҪ
ʦ
ׯʦ
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Ϊ͵ļһ̰ͼòСˣζû뵽Ȼʦ
ʦǸ߸ϣһ涼ѵ
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ʦǲϴˣʦô·һ࣬Ƿֵģ
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˿ӵүүãӣǵãȫʦ
ʦһţ׷¶µǿǼãһīǸûУ˵
ð
˵ʵҵϴˣûˡ
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ƵĿҪˣʦЩץһǳ鴤Ķˡ
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ЩһԽ˵ԽףԽ˵Խ֣Ҳ̲ס
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ʦúܱźʲô
Ϊѧͽ֪ҲڣҲΧѧָָɡ
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ŶԭˣҼѧû棬ǵ˻ˣǧ⡭
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⻰ŵȫɫ͸졣
ΪʦǳΪʦʦѧͽǲɿԽ̨ס
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ҲУú룬Ҫ֪ûʦѧͽݣûʦټ޷ʦġ
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ģһ£ʲôطйڡ鼮ԽԽãڡ
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ֻҪ㹻鼮ӵͼݣͿ֪⵽ʲô򵥻⡣
ڶ鼮
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
һͷˮ
⣬ڶ鼮ܶ࣬ȴδᵽطҲǵһ˵
ţǶ
ͷ


210 ʦϣ
ʵҲǶʦᣡ
ʦ᣿գ۾
ȻǹᣬӦúʦᡢʦᡢʦһж
ɭġ
ǲǾüȻǹᣬͿˣΪҪжֹ֣ɻͣҲͶʦйء
ʦóö˷ʤΪ¾ְҵΪ֮ݣΪֲ̫һȱ½ǿ𡣵ʱᱻʦںƽ֮С
Ȼصޣٳ˵Ұĳ˶ɽ֮䣬躹ޡҲΪˣְҵȻУȴʮϡ٣˵йڶ鼮࣬϶طĪֻǣȷλãңҲö֪
ҡҡͷ

Ц
˵˰ڰ˵
Ҫҵľǹڶ鼮Ҳ˵ôʲôã
ⶫΣޱȣʦΪƸҩԶ˶ûʲô㹻ɣ˽Ӵʦ鼮ʲô
˶Щɻ
Խɱˣޣһ޷ŻѡְҵԸ㡣
㲻ԶպͶӴ֮ҲڣٶʦóΪˣԸЩ졣
˵ְҵ̸֮ɫ䣬ԸӴλʦʦѧͽȴⶫ̲ס֡
ֻǺ棬ʡЦЦ
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ⶫܣκ˶ߡ
Ը˵ҲͲٶʣһ£ŵʵȷλãȷ֪˵һĺɽһķֲڵĶʦȻҲֻǴ˵ûУҲȷ
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ܱУʵǿģѾﵽһȼ𣬱ڵıҪһ˵жʦС
ԶϽڣΪǵķֽ߾Ǻɽ
˶ʦҲְҵ鼮ڶ飬Ҳв٣Ȼܺǰ߱ȣȴҲһЩǿְֻ̫࣬ҵ˽⣬ȫȥʦùۿȻʦãҪͨ˳Ϊʦ
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ξߣʱ򻹾ãǲΣ¸Щһ̫࣬Ժǿ֮·
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ҪʦѧͽȻҪʦڲС

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˵ֲĹȣڱֻҪѧͽ˼϶Ҳǽʦӿǰֺ
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½ѰһѾжϣʤƽѾб½Ѱһߡ

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ʱ򣬻˶֪½ѰǺѧԺ޵еĴڡ

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ǰĶ֣ԬһͰ͵ģ㿴ô֣ʵҲһء
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215 
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216 
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217 ƽ
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220 ɫ鼮
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㲻ϷޣͷֻȡƴһЩɫһ졣
ƴС㵡
֪޶ɳ̣չɣֻô󣬲˰գݺ졣
ƴСȷ㲻Ϸޣֻһࡣ
ǣһȻͷСȴʵʵޣʵﵽ˱Ѩڣǿֻս͵ģҵĶ֣ٶȴǼ죬׷ϣ
ϸܡ
ͷСٶȿ죿ѱ²̫Ұɣüͷһ塣
ͷٶ޶ңһֻаƴСٶȼķޣɽУôҵõ
ңϣСѱ±ȽǮҪѡ
⻰Щ˼ҿ϶Ҳ⼸һһֱɧǣ㲻ңҲ϶
ɧţ
֣Ȼ޲̫˽⣬ⶫž裬һ㷢սʤܶԶԶôɧţ
Ұϳˣһ߲ÿ춼
ܿ죬ν齲һ顣
ҡͷЦá
ϲɽֵҰۣβ֪飬зϳдصķۣǾͽȫˣһﲻ֪˶꣬ŵõЩֱ͵ˣȻŭ׷˹
СֲóսκµĶ֣ÿں棬̶ʱ䣬ҡ
Ѿߡˣʱ䣬ӦòҪˡ
һҲִͦŵġһһĶԹһЦ
ôңһЩ档
Ȼ̶ʱ鷳ôѨǿߣѵͲ취ץס
ɫͬƻȿȣϷʱ㡭

ûס
ò˵ȷʵġ
ÿλŪϣŪ֮󣬾ͷɵʮ׿⣬ƣ׷ȥַˣÿ춼Ҫһʱ
ͷ˵ʵҲˡ
͵ķÿĥЩ衣
ҪͨѱʦˣҪҪ˵Ͼʵ̫ˡ
úӣÿ춼һֻ񵱲һʺͷɹ
붼Щץ
ѷۻȥˣ
ס촽
ǻȥˣһÿҡٶ̫죬䲻һŵѱޣٺú鷳ȻǮѱɣܽץסѱҲͨˣ
˵⣬һ£ֻǡһٶ̫ˣ׷ϣҪץסʵ̫ˣ֪ǰз
Ҷ֪һﳤʲôʲôٶȣңʲô취ҡͷ
ûôа취ץס
ˣղ˵ͷÿιңɵǰʮ״ʱǲɵģȫӹȥץס
뵽ʲô
ӱʩչٶ֮죬˲ƣٶٿ죬ضǰλʦ˵Ҳⲻ
ţǿԿǡ
ͷ
ΪﵽͨʩչľʹҲٴˡ
֮ǰȫʩչʮ֮һܴܳʮףڣʮ֮һȫԷʮס
ңҲ֮ǰһΣΡ
Ȼȫʩչ£ӱʩչ԰ģƾʮβ⡣
ֻٶϾͻ١
ʮ֮һʮף԰ģʮ֮һװˣңĸҲСϺܶ࣬ΪˣӱͶսʱʩչ塢ΣŸеߡ
ˣҲܿˡ
ʮ֮һףһͬʮףܶӦûӦͿܱС
ͷٶȺܿ죬Ѩѣغǲĺܶࡣ
²аɡ
˶ԻڶУ̲סҡͷ
Ǻͺܿˣͷȣǲ˺Զ
ο˵ľޣǰλǰóٶϿ¾ͻȱݣһҪ׷ϹҲ˵Էʲô
֪ǸġӰŹҲ͹˲ֹһǰ㣬һ
߶׷ϣ˵ǰˡ
뵽⣬νŵͷʮ־裬ÿζܷͣӦķΧڣ䲻ţͽȥץܣ֮ǰһŪ֮ģлᣡ
Ҳùһζûɹ
һµ
⻰εĵͷüģǰ֮ǰҲù壬ü˶ûɹͷҲ֪׼ϵ
أ
δ䣬صķƺʲôӿ׹£ֱͷȥ
ˣ
ɫѿ֪϶ֻˣ̧ͷۿһΣһӶȥ
žણ
Ÿ˼;һȳմϡϡİ׵㡣
ÿ֪ˣ
еȳޱȣᣬתͷȥŷ֣ղվĵطµֻǸʯӡ
ƺ֪ʯһٻС
һﻹǰжϣ
һĻһ㶡
֮ǰ˵ֻͷ񱨸ļǿû뵽ͦġ
³çĽǮȫһ
̧ͷȥһֻķߣͶԷ˵Ĳ࣬ҲͱȰԴ󣬻ڣģѻϴϢͱѨǿơ
޴СһкͽǮһģȻҲСġ
һʮֵ⣬ɣɵ˴žʮҵĵطںڵ鶢˹ƺǳЦ
ɶ񡭡
ֱԷŪһȻơ
취ûãһˣҪץס϶ˡ
ھᣬô죬ͿǰһһӰͻأڹǰĴָʳָһ

ĹûӦ䵽˶Էġ
⡭ôܣ
һ½ֱ


240 
ôܣ
ۻ˰ɣ
Χһը
εļ£Ȼû˵ǵµ뷨һ߿ٶǲץסͷġ
Ϊӵ£ͨǿ߼٣ٶȿҲʶܶ࣬ǰһĻǳˡ
գ۹򲻵ʮף߳ڹߣ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ

ѵǵ͹ˣλǡʦǿߣ
ͬʱһݡ
Ȼʦȴٳ֣ǣҲ֪ж졣
ţ߰ʦǿߣһ뻯ǿ
ǰ꣬ѹĽǮָץסʵ֮ȫһ𣬶һѲĸ֡
ʦǶʵʯĴڣȻǰʮꡭ
᲻ĳĹӡүɣ
ôʵ˾
Ǹҵġ
˿ĭҳ
ӱ죡
Ҳһס
Ȼӱ׼ʩչ𾪵Ըӡ
֣ãͱײ
ɡ
ε˿ҪΣ۾Բ
ƻˣһһñתߣȻٹңͻȻðô£
֪ٶô죬ӦͲˡ
ٶҲô
סҡҡͷ
ղ˵ĳ뻯ʲôĹ䲻УΪĺֱ
ɶ
ʬһһ֪ˣòȱˣ
Ϊٶ̫죬嶼˺ЩʹҪһǿ٣Ѫ
󣬵˶ߣһȫһ顣
⡭òƲٶȲ죬ٶ̫ˣһﻹûӦòá
ȥ˵𾪣תһĹϵʹָתͷԸѱɣ
ǣ
æ˹ȡһסʹ޷УŷſѹƶԷơ
취ѱע⿴ȥһᣬȻζ
ʵͼѱѱèһǰ׼޷ܾĺöסԷȻֶΣøУöԷΡ
ѱһͷޣ޽ԼҪʱ䣬ڵǺ飬ȸﵽһȣпܳˣʱһһޣٹͬһܹ໥ϣ໥ʵĹ͵ڳ׿ƣ
һȵĲͷǰ
Ҫʱ䣿
ǰ⻹ǺѱģЩޣʽѱʦҲҪǺĺȺѱʦΪѱһͷ벽ʦޣ֮˶Է꣬ÿ춼ͳϲʳʱƣŽж׳ӶΪ̸
λµͷ
⡭̸
ˡ
Ϊѱһͷ޻꣬еƤۣ϶ûôĹġ
ǰʵҲϵģжĵֶΣôĸԸ
λ˵⣬¶ȣ˵ʱ䣬ʮ꣬һͷ벽ʦЧңҲֵõġ
˼ģһ£漴Ȼ
ҲԣûͼݣһͻƺͳԷˮ򵥡
ЩǱˣһӶԭأֱսᡣ
ͺ֮ǰ顢ˣԼͻƣܡ
£շʵޣضʵ
˵˵׷շһͷ䣬Ҳܸǣõġ
Ҫ֪޲ԽսҲȲ˵ġ
շһͷٰڲõȫˣ˵ꡢ꣬пܣʮꡢʮ궼Ը⡣
Ͼ˲һʤƵĽǮѹ޷֮Ƕʱͻ
ѱͷҪã
ЩѱʦֶûȥȤʵ
Ұǰʣ
λ¼Ҵ˹ȥƬ̺˹ǰ˵ѾͶԷͨˣʱ䣬ܳѱѱʦˣѱɣҪ׳
ѱ
ùߣ㲻רŽҲ뿪
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ʱ䣬Ѫ;һͷ޸ô鷳治ȥһͷѱֶβѧҲա
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ɣ
˵̧꣬ͷǰĹֻһͷ­קĶƵģһҿ㣬Ƕõģ
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ЩΣ˵ղǰ³ץѾǶ̵ˣּۻۣӳʮһ¡
̵ģţҡҡͷҲôΪҾòʮӾͻ᳼
ʮӣһ㶣漴һЦôܡ
ʮӾѱһͷѨޣǸġ
˵ѱʦҲɡ
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ӹһ
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ɣ
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˼˵޳裬̬ȸҷźõ㡣
ðɣȻ㲻ȥˣ
úͶԷīһƳ˹ȥ
žણ
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ѱ޵ģ
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ѱ
Ҫɱɣ
ɣ
ȻҲû뵽ǰһôһƾͰĲ͸죬žͷûüվͼһƶ˹
ಣ
Ƥһֱӷһͷײһž޴ʯϣˤ߻أͷڵѪ
һλᣬЧңˡΪ
ޱ飬ǰĹ
ɡ
۾Ƭ̣һ
һ㶣ɫǺ졣
ǰ˵ͬˡ
ͬˣ
εº㣬һͷԷΣҪԵ
趼У
ѱɶʱôˣ
ͬͺãһΪңһֱֵأ
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ææҵĽӹΰ֮ǰ˵ǩ֮Լ
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Լɣָһ裬͸ղŶԸǮһһ£ٴŪѡ
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Ϊӣ֮ǰܵҲ
ɣ
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֮ӰַۣǵĿ֮Ҫǣֶʵӡ
͵˶ڶĸ˷ʱ䣬ÿ춼ҡ
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ѱޣ̣źĶԷʮһɹһﵹãһپͳװݷˣΪ֮ǰĽǮֻɺϣڶ֣ɵҲףʵʵ汾ˡ
ѧģ
һޣҿѧڶͻƣָƣ
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һ٣ûô򵥣ѱޣ϶İֻзִ磬η֮ľͻήͣλǰղŹ񲻳ǻİɱˣңؼǡٶʤһټϺڵɱ⣬ùеֻźη壬ƾ޵ĸ߰ôô򵥾ͷ
һ˵ġ

ѱ򵥣ȴҲ֪ѧʽѱʦ
óٶȣٶϻģһסǿߡ
һѾ˰ɣ
ְΪ˿Щ뿪ȻѾѱҲûıҪˡ
ǣ
ϲʤͷ
ΪǮԷѱѾעοҪʧˣζû뵽ǰλ֣һٳɹ
ٴο˸м
꣬ʣµľǻس̣ڽǮϸ·εܵĲϵ
αֱ
Էޱ棬ȴֻֻܱɵ񣬽ںܶȡ
ͬѱޣ󡭡
һʱһ޴ɽȳǰ
Ũ
һ⣬̾쵽˲Ծ
ɽȵطŨ˽ӽһУȫë鲻ԽĴ򿪣ͣϴˢһȪ֮С
ΪҪöࡣ
ýɽȶó˾õ黨ݣҲӣͻƵĿԸ󣡡
һιʱҲʮ𾪡
ɽȶɴ󣬲һǶֱʣ
ҲֲֻȱǮ
ǰͷһеȫϸԾࡣ
ǰأһؾϢصƤǡضرѨͨ
ǰΪͣҪ̫Ͳٶ˵Ƥǣضô죬رѨȫѨλͨڻͨ衣
أҪ󶼲̫ߣԣƶĵط״ﵽ
㣬Ҫʦˡ
ʦɰ˷̺û㹻ͻۣҪͻƣܡ
Ϊû㹻֧ҲȻ
˵ʦһƬϸҪûʮۣɣҪýӹȣٶȾͿöˡ
ططֻһٶȣȴԳʼαӡ
̧ͷˣΧֲԱⲿïܣʱʱһͷͷޣȫִ׳
ǰĻ˵þͺɻкԶĵطҪ;棬ָʱˣר̹
̧ͷȥޣðһ뷨
֮ǰΪɶò棬Щ޴ޣ׹
Щһһ;޴󣬷ڣ׺ֳìܣǸ¶Ը⿴
þ棬ǿЩȥɣ
ɽеĵ·ǰߡ
ʱ䲻ͿһĽǰ
ʮֽڴ۱ȣۼֵȻǱȣв磬ȴѾһЩ߳һˡ
ǡãգ۾
Ϊúʦһֻһÿڣɽ֮Уζû뵽Ȼһ˷ĳС
տʼʱȷֻһÿڣʱƣǰ׵ģҲеõĺˣסԽԽ࣬Ҳ𽥷ܳ˳С
ν͵
ͷ
ɽܱҪޣػˣټ㣬ö֮γ˹ģҲ֮С
ͬͷɻһʱҲͬγһ޴Ĳҵǰ
ѹ֮ǰԼ˵õΪβǸ飬ڿ֮ǰ֪
ȥðɣ
УŽֵһᣬûʲôȤģһԸ˱ֱмĸߴȥ
Ϊеĸߴΰͨɫϰףֱſ޴޵ܣɲһ֮С
ǰһʮ׵ĺң֡áʺҫۣ֪ʲôдһѹ֮С
Ǹ߼޵ѪҺ
ε޵ǿ󣬾ҲʧѪҺдĴ֣һ֮¾͸е£
ţԵͷ
ò˵ڳϣõȷ˵ˣûȥѾηˡ
߽ţʦһǸĴǿߴУų˳Ķ飬ò֡
ǸǡѨ۷壿ǸͨڣСͨ۷壿
һ˿һᣬ̲סզࡣ
֮ǰǸ߸ϵͨǿߣʹײһ洦ɼһŶӲ۵ͷͿӵͨ۷Ϊ
ܳΪһ峤ϵıѨǿߣֻ۵ģ㶼ϼ


241 ѱ˸
𳳣ȥɬǣֻʮѾˣҪȥģٹŶӰɣ
ȥԶñǵģˣȥץʱ䣬˾ûλˣ
ͨ޺β̣Ը⹺ģץʱ

Ⱥǰ棬ӣԵġ
ɽʮ˽ףÿ춼кܶˣǳԶŵģһôޣ˶ˣܶϣҪǰŶӣЩȰ£ϣ
ǰӵȺν͡
¶Ųϣһ㶡
ò㹻Ͳ³ˣû뵽Ҫôõʱ䡣
ҪȰ£ֱǮȥˡ
ǰģı飬ЦЦֻҪɿˣΪʽѱʦʸǰѡȡޣһɵš
˵һ
κְҵȨġ
ͺʦʦṺҩȣۿۿɴ
ѱʦһ
ҪޣŶӵȺÿ췢Ź̶ʽѱʦֱͬӳҪһŶӵʱ䡣
ǡȥɿ˰ɣ
ŶӵͬͷƤ飬İ˰֡
ţѱʦ˵ĵطεȴ·
˴ȥ˿߸ߴ͵ĽǮ׷ÿ
ʱĽǮѾû˸ͻʱķϢ;޴󣬺֮ǰû̫һ֮£ΪֻбѨ
ǱѨޣҲûԸǣΪʵãܴô޴һͷ϶кܴϵѧͽѱʦһǶܵġ
û谭ߵĵǷǳѸ٣ʱ䲻˾һ޴󷿼ǰǰ֡ѱʦˡ
ͿʦĵطͬԵøӿ
뿼˽һʱ䣬ʱ䲻ǽȥɣ
뵽Ͼͨ˳Ϊʽѱʦ˷ܵ۾Ź⣬ЦһҪ롣
ⲻôôͻˣǲǾÿ޷ͨˣ
˻ûţһԴЦ
תͷȥͼһºһͷ޴Ļͷޣҡڵ˹
ͷ޸ͷȽǮӾ޴ҲӾˣһֿ˺Ѳ֮С
ʵͲһЩֻǱѨڰˡ
Ǳͣǵһ򲻶Ը
ɻεһ£

гܱߵͼ鼮
ͺһҲǸΪͼͺڣĦϣǵжԵ֮һΪ֮ҳԱ໥ӣҲͺˡ
˵ìܣʵΪͼǡ
»û˵꣬Ų𣬽һȺ˹
ͣô˵أûͷǮͷһȻܹͨˣΪ׵һ꣬Цһ漴üͷһ壺ֻǡôͷǮƺأò᲻޳ɣ
ǰνΧʵ΢΢촽ųŪ֮⡣
ǬԶľӣ͵Ҳ̫ǢµĴ
ǬԶͬǶҲ̫Զţȴ
Ŷһ˵Ҳſ
һ۽ǮΣһ֪ЦЦΣ㲻ûѱޣ˽һɣҪȰ㻹СһЩһòʱ򣬾ֻܼβ͹Թ뿪ˣ
ȷ涨ѱʦǽñ˵ޣһҲʹⱲٺѱʦְҵԵˡ
ΪѱѧͽȻһ۾ͿǮ׽ʮİԲ޳衣
ٺ٣ֻҪ޷ͨʲô棬ȥ׷ĪС㣡
׷ҿܹԶԶĪСֳţɲְܹµģߡ
ûʸҲδرҺȥ˵б³ѱʦ˵˼йһЩľ֧һ˦䡣
𣿿ͦŰһ޵ʱѱʦˣͨҪҿһϼ

㻹ǹܺԼɣµʱϣ뿪ε
㡭˫һУϣ֮㻹ôš
ߣ
ԣãһҲ໥ӣûкɫ
˵ĶԻڶУҲ׹˵ìܣȷΪͼˣһλĪŮӡ
ĪС㣬ѱѧͽкţ͵һ𿼺ѱʦâҫۣЩĵ£ĵװﾺϣܵõ
¼
֪ԭҡҡͷ
ΪΪӣΪͼ֮û뵽ΪһŮˡ
ĪС㣡
쿴ޡ


ڶţΧһȻһӰ˹
Ӱһͷߴӥᣬ˫Ŀ磬衣
ͨޣһ
ͷӥȻѾﵽͨڣߵĽǮǿ١
ңϢһַ֮Уٶϣ֮ǰĹ񣬶ֻǿ
ĪС㣡
Ӱ֣Ρ͡˶۾һæӭȥ
Īꣿ
ӥŽעǸӰϡ
ǸʮŮӣһɫĳۣճٻӯӯһգǧ˿ѩ׵ļƣһС
ò㶼˿й֮˵ϵϼٷ֮ʮʵˡ
ƯǺƯʮ䣬ε˵̬ȣǺ⡣
ĪС㣬ȻֲЦݵӭͨӥޣҲֻѱ
ȻһͷССӥ޶ѣĪСֵ֣
ҲһЦ
ڶ˵ĹάλĪС㿴һۣûκα飬۾һƳȺе㣬ͣһ£ֱ˹
Ҳѱʦأû
Ȼදˣȴžǧ֮֮С
ûѹġһָ
ĪС㿴һ漴ɨ˹ȥͬŽһתҲϻ򷿼ȥ
͵˱Էӣû˿ãҲ˽ȥ
ʶĪСӣ⣬ɻĿߵʦ
ϴκͺ⣬һ档ͷ
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ŮƯѱ޺츳Ҳӣһ̬Ȱɣ
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һ֣˵ʦ߹ΣҲɻ̲סʵѱʲôͷǮ
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242 ʧܣ
ѱ˸
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ˣɶûѱԱˣ
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֮վȺ֮УɫȻĿ


243 Ƶȸ
ѱʦǾҷ
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ҺΪѱʦʮ꣬ѱ޶ʮͷڹѧһʮλλʽѱʦ䲻ѱһУжоȴҲǺ֮㾹Ȼ˵Ҳع򣬲ʶޣܺãܺã˵ɣҲǺʲôˣҲ棡
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˫һһЦ
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244 
Ϲޣ
ɫͬʱһ䡣
޷Ϊ࣬ϹޣѪǿ֮һ
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ֻҪѱʦ޲ѱϹΪ٣Ϊ޳ʵӣͨԼӣΪ˵Ҳкܴ档
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˴ž֣Ϊߵĸ㴫Ѷ
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245 ĪСս
ǰ꣬ԽԽãˡ
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Ȼʲôطͷزء
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ˣ϶Ϊɸ׽Ҫ꣬ȴףԷĲ֪
Ϊ׽ڣԼԸ⣡
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ǿѹסеƣֽһ飬̲סʵ治ѱޣ
ţͷ
Ĳ⣬ȻйѱʦļأҲֻֻƬûɶʵԵݣܰǮƵȸΪͼݺ
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Էȷϣһ˶ˡ
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󷨣˵ȱݣѱޣѱޡ磬Ժɶģܴһ²
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ʦǳ⣬Ϊٲܿ˳ɹôû뵽仰ǰ㶨
ҪǡͷȻϹޣƵȸ
Ϊѱѧͽ֪ӵйѪǶô󣬲˵ֵǣȴҲˡ
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ңȸԺλǰ׽ȿѱʦͽϵֻϹ޸Ӧøˡ
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һϹ޶ѣûϡ
ӵγɵΪ⾻ڵѪҺֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ΪĽͨϹޣ
ҪǣƵȸѪǿͷ̫СˣǵˣҪԼ򣬶˵ȫǼߡ
һͷܹ˵ķкޣǿԿһ£Ϲѱһͷԣţͬϣĥϣ붼鷳ˡ

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˸ȥôȥҶһһӰǰ˫ֱд񲻷Ĺâ
ϳƵȸʶͣӦҲһλѱʦɣ
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ⶫɲǮġҪܵõΪͻƵͨߣ
Ϊͻͨõʵ̫˷ˣôҲҪ벽ʦʱãܷЧ

Χ˶עĪСһһһ˵˶䣬עһ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬١
ʦĿγֻһʱҲġ
ŪþͻƵǰ磬ߣ
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Ϊ׳ôնԷ϶ϴӦ𰸣ĪСһ㶣˵ͿǰѾͨ˿ˣˮâһһֻ֡
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246 㿼ѱʦ
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רżԣǧѷĺûᣬ󶼵òġ
ҪҪ·ѱʦˣѡһͷһķ޾ˣν
⡭
ȷû̫ҪѱʦҡҡͷЩϧʵѱʦֻҪҵʵѱɣһҪʱ䡣ңʽѱʦԼѡޣõޣҪκηãκã
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νͣû˵꣬ͼǰһĿ˹дżᶨ
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247 ̶10ϣ

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λǰʦΪɲ⣬ʵ߲ʣӦӽǮǣһѾ˫۷Ź⣬ȿȣҲ̫ʵ˰ɣ
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һԣߣΪѱʦǶϷܿѱͷޣ;ѱʦ򵥣ʵ㣬½޵֣顢ϰԵҪûм
սһȻܾĪбһӻ𣬴˿̼ȻԲѣ߷
һԡ
ѱʦϾְҵУȽϿǰְҵ֮һѶ֮󣬲ʦΪǹҼңѱһͷޣͿԿˣ
ͺϡͿ˸ҩκ˲֢ѵ;ԼԿҽʦ
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ѧͽˣΪ۲ԡޡ
ʽѱʦΪϿɡѱޡ
ǰλƵȸƧϹ޶ϳ˵ʶ㣬˱Ҳ˷ʱ䡣ѱһͷޣϿɣҲûɶ塣
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ȱæйѱ޵鼮ûȽҿ

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𺳣ɲš
˵ֹˮ̶ȴﵽ10ϣӵйĿı죬ֻҪ鼮еݣͿι̵ļ¼Ժǡ
Ϊˣʦѧϰְܶҵסô֪ʶ
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248 ڱ
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뷨Ժһת㲻ͣҡͷ
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飿
͡ٴζԴӶԷϣ±ƣͬʱðһ뷨
ѵŮˣ

֪еλŮΪץ񣬴˿̵Ī˵һڷķ顣
Ϊѱ޵飬򱾾Ͳˣ֪뷨ôɣǰ鼮̺Բʮ
ȻȲĲ⣬ȴҲ̫ࡣ
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Щ鶼ʢţ᲻ָһͼݾͻ鼮ݣ
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ˣͷӥޣԽѱһ𣿡
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ǸղܹХͷļһ

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ԶԷѹɫȻĿ
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Ļû˵꣬ͼĬĬȡһʦĻ´ϣͷһΡ
Ҿ˵ǰպò


258 ָ
ĪСĿˡ
ǹҵİɣ
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Ȼٷ֮پòƳƷҩԷţԣˣٳЦҲ١

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ĵԵҩ·öըкԵҩʱаղԣҲᵱըٶʦΪƿزʱҩ¯顣
ڣѾͶöҩƹˣ¯תû˿ļ󡭡
Ҳ˵֮ǰͶ뵤ҩĲ衢ʱûκδ©ȫ
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һ˲䣬У֮ǰȹк͵̵ȼ¯ͣζ
ˣҪը¯ˣ
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ȿȣסˡҲǰ㵲סը¯
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260 벽
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֮ǰը¯˶ΪʧˣɶԷŵҩ⻬Բ͸¶ǿϢʲô
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ͷ޴͵۾һ˻Ʊãɽȡ
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261 ѱ޴
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Х޴ﵽ벽ٶȸ죬ɽԶ켴ɵһߣҲʲô

ðɣ
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¸˵滳һ᲻ᵱ

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鼮ЩҲһˡ
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ãһķֲͳһԯùϽ
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ԯӵʦʸ޴󣬹۸ʣʢ
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ǰѱ޴ܱѱʦһˣͷȻܵõӣǷֲҲ롣
˵꣬ڴĿ

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Ҫǣ취ڵľ綾Ȼ󿼺ʦ
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ʲôĲҪҪûʱ䣡ҡҡͷ
Էܾ̲ס¶ʧ֮ɫûάֶãԷ
ˣʲôţ


262 ָĪ
ÿδĽͬʮַҪܵӣ˵ȥ߹ѧϰĻᡣ
ʻæϴιھ͵õʦĿγˮѱ޷ؼ
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ҪһЩĹҲˣ󼶱𡭡߰ĶУҲ޷
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ְѧ֮ˣҲģ˫ֱ󣬻ڣȻǰҩںϣõķҩҩԣ֮УܹҪණ
㱬ըǸ¯ûɽϵľ죬أʮ졣ȻʽʦͣȴҲһλĨ֣֮ǧ쳣
һת¯Ѿһʮ˴ΣϢӵը¯׵һߴΣȻдǿѹƣȴԵ¯˼˺ڲ˲Ѻۺ·ֻЩҲˣûһǰ㻹ƹһöǵⶫ壬Ե¯Ӱ켫󡣡
Ҫܵµ¯ˣ㲢δôԣ¯һЩڣβըҲֲ˶ˣ
˵굤¯Ǽ˵˵ղĻǰѾЩˣʼûúȶֱӼӴҪչʾԼĻĿȻĿʵȴڼݲе¯
˵ЦЦ̧ͷǰŮĪС㣬֪˵ЩԲԣ
⡭
Ī꽿һĿɿڴ


263 
Ī¯Ǹͨһʦʱʦ͵ģϸȷѾʮ˴ΣҪը¯׵ߴΣÿζʦæѹơ
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Է˵û˿
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ʲôҴ
ĪĻﻹû˵꣬ͼѾ·ת
תͷ꣬Īһ㶣漴һ鶸ȻԲ
ҽʦŶԣǡαװʦôܡ


267 ·ܼ
ֻǰѾģڵϵİҽʦһģһۿ·滳λҽʦи˫̥ܵܡ
αװݣ֮ǰ˵Ī꿴ֻ۷ˣֻҪСģȻܿǰһĻȫ߸֪
գ۹һˣû˿һﵽôģ
ѵǡαװʦְҵ
ഫоһʮְҵαװʦȻƽսȴαװɼˣ˿ַ
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ΪѾλļˣû뵽ֶ˸αװ
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֮ǰֻΪһֻ˵ˣҭܣζû뵽ݣ
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ȻҲû뵽ǰһССһҽʦӲһ£˵ͼˣһڣдʵζ֮ǰȥЩǡҽʦɽǼүĲκã

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⡭
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һһҽʦڴҩſڸҶȭ·ܼĿҪѪ˫һӭ

ôĵӣ
Ҳû뵽˵󣬻ʣɱڣߣҩģʱӳ

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·ܼһ㶣ɫȻס


268 Ժ
Դǰ⣬ÿϣἱǱס˲ӣĥ֪
֢רҽʦ۶ǻǣҲҩãû̫Ч
ΪⱲӶֲʹĥ£ֱϣû뵽ǰһҽʦһ˵˳
ѵֻһһҽʦʵȴһλ֣
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ֹסҪֵ໤·ܼǿѹסе𾪣
󸣡

ԭǰҽʦɷһ˵
֪˲ֵ࣬ȫǽ֪
룡ͷ

һĻĪȫһ˫ĿɵùԲҪڵϡ
˿̣ɵҲ֪˵ġ϶Ƕˣλ·ܼҾԲϸı̬ȡ
ѯʣù۲죬һȭͿ֢
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˿ܻλǰ·ܼҵʱ˵ȴףһ֮ǰҩ֪һССĹܼô֪
϶Ǹոϳġ
ñշޣָôȭ˿֪һﲻѰ·⡭Ҳ̫Ѱ·˰ɣ
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ֻҪһ˵·ܼңʱһվǰһѧг˼ͻȡ
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Ǹǲֻ˶ѣҰȻм¡ɻ͡
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ɫһһײ֪ЩʲôĪ꣬·ܼĹ۲ܡ
ѹ֮ǰλ˵Ǳ˿̿һ֪ġ
ۡ·۸Ӳ˵ǲ˸ڣЩ󲿷ֶбѨΪͳ죬Ǵﵽͨ۷塣
ˣԺӵһЩ俴졢룬ΪĻ󷨷ܣ֪岼úͷλһУпܱסѡ
ֻܹģλҩȻͶϵУôûо綾
ԣʵҪǱԺӣҲܡ
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·ܼҾȻ˵˶ҽⲻ͡ר
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ͼ䣬ȺһҽʦһڣĻ
ˣһǡǣֻҪһսͣϻСΪβģ·ܼң˶ôˣǲǸôȥҩˣ
ǣھͽүôΣ
˲׷һ࣬·ܼæͷ


269 
·ܼ˳ȥʱ䲻̧һλ˹
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û취ȷϣ
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ȻǶУɣ


270 ط

˵˭У
ССһҽʦȻڳԣ˭ĵӣ
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ү
ǰãǰĦòôҩѹ·ܼ˿
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˻ԲŸ˿
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λҽʦҲ໥пã
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ͷһ£һ̾Ϣǡɻ
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·ܼһ㶡

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271 Լ
ҩһƳ裬˵ǣط໤ˣû
ʱȻ˵ƣ̵ȥ


໤һŭĿӣеֻҪһ£̾ͻὫװģļһ⽴
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ֱʵۣҪԹԵĴšһƽ˳裬ѾˣȻ䱾ֱ˵ɻ
ǾˣҪǾôҩƢã
ɷҽʦҲɵһĿ
һԴˣ
Ȼô˵ô˵Ļ
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̶ѨХް벽ΪܹУҪ߻кܴϣġ
ҪǣμХҵ
סָĪ꾫Ծ裬ֻҪԷһ֣ͻ̽ȡӳ
ΪһֶܳλһЩġ
̣ͨķټ󷨿̻һЯƷϣʱֻҪ伴ɣ㲻ʦҲɼ
Ȼ˲٣ȴ˲伤ҷЯǲֶΡ
ֻⶫ۸񲻷ƣһһԵƷҲֻλĹʱ
Ҫţ
Է˵ĽţЦЦ
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һﶼôΣˣһ֪ӣĪ궼ը㳹׵˴ҩߣѵ
ڸ飬ôڰ֣οһ䣺㰲ĵĴţҪ˼룡
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ҽʦҽǼүβȴ˵첻ѻ˵ͱˣ
˵𾪣·ܼǿסŭ⣬һ˦䣬۾
ҪǶԷƾղǾ仰Ѿˣǻ͵Ļᡣ
Ҫżһ˵ֻǡôˣ˵вںһЦ
װģ˵ȥҲֻ·һ
ƴҩϣ
·ܼңϻʲôֻҪһ£ھͽðүˣж˿飡

ڸģƤЦΧĻȫÿҪըͬʱһɱڡ
ЩͨϵΪʮͬʱɢšһɣڷճҺ壬˺鲻Խļ٣ð
ʦҽʦҲɫףһ鲻Խĺˡ
ͨȻʦԶЩһ໥Ϥͬһ壬ټӵо綾ֶΣһ֣ʦǿߣѷ
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Щʱᶯ֣·ܼҴһڣס֣
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ЦЦҵֺܼ򵥡Լƣ
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λֻ˵֣ήҲһĴҩ˵˶񿴹һĿ
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ү˵·ܼҼæҩǰһᣬվܡ
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ţͷڣʵղſҩģожϡطݣѾȷ
˵⣬Ŀд̾ϢҩȷǲҲжһֽСԼơĶⶫĳֽµģ׵ˣܵƳƣȻҲͻˣ
Լơʲô·ܼɲ
ҽʦҩĽӴҲû֡
ҩ֪ⶫֻ޷˵ܹҲֻǼ򵥵ĹͨܽôӵĶ
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үҪˣܵҩĹҩ϶˥Ϊܼң׵壬Ҳѻľó
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ǩԼ󣬹ƳͻڣѪҺζҪҵܡ
ֻҪҽʦ֣ǼүҴҩԴӦκҪ󡭡·ܼҧ
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ԼƣҪڵĹƳ棬Ҫܼ򵥣ֻҪץסɱɣʵ̫ˡ
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ĿԾΣ·ܼҼȭͷ
Ҫȥϣκôҩܴҹȥ

⡭
û뵽Ҫ·ܼɫһ䣺ںΣգӼˣҽʦȥĻʮΣգ
ʦҽʦ൱ڵжԵְҵһҽʦҪȥⲻ
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һͼ鼮עȱڵĵطҲԼƹƳڵĵط
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ţ
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272 Ҷ
㡭ٻһ£
·ܼҡĪͬʱһ顣
ҩҡͷ
˭϶ȥп˵Լ㣿
Ҫ岻ܶ⻰϶ȶˣң
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·ܼεһЦ
ҪȰ裬˵ô裬ܲƣѾ֣֪˵ٶҲǷϻ졣
ţ
ҩԣָڶԷһԺٴγ鼮
ȱݵλùȻѾ¡
ȷλãһһ룬ٴδ˹ȥ
ţԡ
λãһתֻƳ澹Ȼˡ
ɱƳҪѵĶ࣡ɫء
ΪͼṩλãҪҵֻƳ棬˳նɱӦ׾٣ڿûô򵥡
Ժз飬Ҫʱ̣ܶ㹻Ƴ뿪ԭλãһˡ
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꣡꣡꣡
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ԼƣԼƿأĶʦˣǰҽʦȻնɱЩš
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һ£뿪ڣͼǰĴҩһᶨĿ
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˵͵ͷһġ
žણ
ڵϣ˹ȥ


273 ʲô
û뵽һ˸ɴ࣬˹ϣ˵ͻ裬ˮһ
ȿȣҵ˼ǡܽҪǮˣ˭ˣ
һԼƣǴȥѾԼԷ˵ܲܰԼķɣ
û˵꣬ͻ赹ǲǶҽʦ̫ˣ
һ·ܼҿһæǰȿȣǼүҲƣҽʦɶҪֱӸ˵ǣ϶Ҫ󣡡
⻹࣡
ͷɣǲҩĵɢӦвٰɣ׼ݡʮݡ
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⡭·ܼᣬͬأⶫ̫ˡ
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̫ͣߵҲͨ벽ʦؼʵ̫٣ǣһһУҩｻģҵ㹻Ĺ
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û뵽λҽʦҪĶ˹Ź֣·ܼһ£ǴҩƿԼܱʮҩģûǮֻöؼ
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ҩɱɳڵļٴλָ˵Ժͻһ˲˼ʮꡣ
⡭
վһĪ꣬ͣգ۾
֮ǰΪԷƣҲҽʦһҪҩĴ䣬Ҫջ۵ʱѻôû뵽ץסԷ󣬾ֱӻָˡ
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֮ǰĻҪһЩ
ҩҲתѾָƤȫȵȻĸпȴûĪ𾪡
ǰλҽʦʦ޿κεԼƣκãָС£βòмˡ
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׶ѣֵֻ֣λҪǩԼƣԼˣ
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˵Ҫ֪ǩԼ˭Ͳôˣ
˶еɻ󣬴ҩЦ
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ǩԼǡĵ

ţҩͷɫӣҩ䡢ǿں˸ǣʵϣֻǶĴ˰ˣңÿһҩҪͶǩԼΪǷĿܡ
ÿһ
Ī࣬漴ҲͻȻ
ǽ붾ΨһŻûж֧֣ôһҩƿ˾޴ҩгôη壬ӡնɱ
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ֻҪжڱ֧֣˭ҩһ仰£
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275 붾
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λҽʦλ೤ϣӦԣ仰ҩֻǰһڡ
ĽݣʹԷ鿴ʮҪûκ⡣
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Ҫλöҩһϲ㲻ü鶾ĽҲҪ̴ﰡ
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ܼ򵥣ֻءһʩչҩҩߵʤڶԼƵҩ˭ĶߣҶ޷ʶͬʤ

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ɽǧ꣬鼮ĴʮַḻȻȲĲ⣬֮ǰһȣҲضá
У̿鼮ڷϣһۿͷ
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Ͼģܲ˼˺Ƥֲ군
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ڵǵȻѹƣʱ޷֪һɣضִ⣬ҪΪѹȣҲܷҪðˡ
˳˶ҹ˲⣬ץʱ䡣
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ʼɣ
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ѫ˿λʹӦģûˣץʱʲôҩǰһɣ
ͫϵͷ˵ͼ֮ǰʦҴ˹ϴŻš

ôˣѫüͷһ塣
һˣҪλ˵ǡʹ
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ѫͺͫ϶һۣͬʱ۾Բһɻ
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278 
ڣҩڵϲ˲ͷϵ亹
ղŲѫѯʣڶҲרѯһҪǰ׼˵ǣվվסˡ
ѹʵ̫ˣ
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˵ûϳʹҽʦסһλ֪ȫ
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ȻҪɱˣƽϢŭˡ
ԣҪֻ취ΪҽʦʹӶͶҶ֡
ڿЧ
λȻлɣȴҲçײ
֪λүʲôϿŪˣϿߡ
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ҽʦҪĿĲδ˵ΪĳЩ߱ҪĶȻˣҰܵ⿴ʲô
ҲһЩڶʦ鼮ѣκζʦܽȥĵط϶ûС
ðΣչΪһ飿
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ﵽǼΪȻﵽ𾳣㲻öһֻҲܽѴ֮
⡭
ѫҲû뵽˸ʹһǶʦ̬ùһȭ֪ʹγƺ¿Ľ²ʹݣܲµĹ涨ʹдݵǷܽǢ
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ĽʹеĶ˶ʦܲӵԶϢ´δֻҪһ棬Ҳɱα
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·ܼҲҪ޵ı顣
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·ܼҵĽͣҩһ飬һѪؿڣʱ͹
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һЩ׷Լˣ֪ʹˣҲͲαװں浱࣬һܽ
ɡڣ˵ԼʹװĶװˣԷҲЩţ꣬ʹˡ
ͺѹ·Ůһ˵ûϵ˭Ű
ץ˸УҲˣ
֪αװʹס
û뵽ôף
ոֻõŪҪٴδȥ
үô죿·ܼҲ뵽㣬ɥ
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ҩҡͷֻܵˡ
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ˡòƣҽʦ᲻֪ʹ˵Ϣ
˼ͻȻ뵽һ㣬ҩɫһ䡣
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ͫϼæ˳ȥȥ
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ôѾ׼ˣ׼þͿʼɣ
˫ֱ󣬿ѫһۣ
Գʹ
ѫ˲δ˵ʹվ۾
ʲô
üëһŲͬµϣ˵ˣ
գ
ҩѪ磺ˡ


279 ʦ
һ·ܼҴ˿Ҳ֪˾ðİҽʦɫŤ½Ƕ챻
㲻֪ʹǰĶʦʶɣ
ǶʦûУܲģðģ
΢ע⣬֪Щ
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˿ҪѫҲͬʱһ顣
ŵģûôŵģ
һðļһʹ˵ѾǵӴˣ
ֱǡ
һĺܲҵ֡
ɻ
ºˣǳ֣ʹǽ
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ðʹǻסˣ붼ó裬޲ó裬úýѵһ١
ڿӦöֲǳˡ
˵ʲô
ȻʹŭһǿϢֱѹȵ˺ѡ
𾳣
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ߵھشΨҶ򶦣дݻٳǳأɽ
ʱһŭغһ㣬һɷ֮С
ѫ˲һ鲻Խĺˡ
ҩɫһ䣬һš
ֲ̫ˡ
ʦ۷ϣҲû˿
ǾǰðļһȻƣ¶ŵʱȴüëһá

һȣһӣ֪ĶҶҶ֣˭ĵӣ

ҩ鴤
ã㲻øë߰
֪Ķ
磬㵽ţ
Ѿˣװȥ˼ġ
ȻλҽʦȷʵЩദҲʦңܱʦ۷廹Ҫߡ
Լλʹˣ㻹װɶװ

ܺãһðģҶ˵ǿ۽磬Ȼ֪ھɱ㣡
û뵽ϢͷųԷǵ£ʹҲÿҪˣɱڡ
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ȻԽսҲֻʦڣ֮ҪҲˣֻɱһ
ܵϵѹмתϲȴޱż
ղͲ³Էʹˣ˿Ѿ򣬱ɣ˭Ȳˡ
㲻
ͱš
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˭֪һûϵֱӶ֣뱻ˡ
ȱ㣡
֪ӣҲֻܶһУľͬ޷ǿæͨͼݡ
һ鼮ǰ
ݣŵȶʩչߵӰҲͣһ˲̩ɽ漴
ҶҶ֣𣿡

㡭
⻰ԭž޲ʹɫһ㶣ǰӲͣ˭Ϊλ֪ҵ֣
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ȻȻͣ£ȴԷֻҪ˵Իӿ֮ɱ
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ԯֲʮλ˳ɹǶʦӴﵽǣ۷壬ֻ˶̶ʱ䣬Ϊֲ겻ĳţ
ԶȤʮ꿼˶ʦѧͽɹơɢɱȫһʮĿڡʮΪʽʦƵġƻۡɹɱһλʦǿߡʮ꣬˶Ƕʦɹġ㡿һͷʦ۷ޡ
ʮʱ򣬰ٱ䶾ʦ£պʮ꣬ö֮ǿԯֲܳҡܲ´Ϊʹʵһ£ýֲһε
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ΪĳˣǡһλǶʦöֶ֮ϣﵽּ𣬾Ͳܽɱ
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ϾÿһλʦǶҪԴҪ֪㶾ɱһλǶʦ϶Ȱ衣
ԣһֱܣû֪ǰİһ˵βȣ֣
ڵΪ۷壬ΪǶʦҪ߾硣Ϊ˴ﵽÿ׽߲ݡѨҪǱáʴǷۡͿĨѨҪľ̶ȡ綾̼Ȼľˣϧȴ͸֧ûѾ;ƿݣʱˣ
ŶԷתһȦ̾Ϣһ
Էʩչ似Ҳγ鼮м¼˶Էϵȱݣֱɸһǣһٶദ
˿ޣʱԳΪµ۷嶾ʦʵȴﵽ˼ޣʱ
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⣡
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Է˵ûκδھʵΪôﲻǶʦûּα
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˭
̧ͷԶ֪Զĵط㵱Ȼ֪˭ΪʦҲҪһ
ʦ壡


280 չʾʵ
ʦʦ壿
ʹʦ棿
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285 ʦãˣ

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ɻ徳ƷҪ黭ʦ㲻ǣҲٶ۷ˡ
黭һտһǵСһȣʵЩԴС
ӮҲûⰡ
˵һ飬ȷһ䣬ԷûѵûޣЩѣ
黭ʦᣬѱ޹ᣬѲ޲̫ң
ѡ
һΡ
ⲻصòá
صǡô

⸱᳤֪룬һĳ̸᳤ɫһһ˦
黭֪֪꣬黭һ;ѶȣһͷӮʽ黭ʦ
ֱǲ֪ߵغ
һû뵽ǰһǸˣ
ҪȥҰɣ֪⸽һͷޡ
ɴľС˳һµ
ȥɣ
֡
ǣС˼æתʱ䲻ͱһͷ˹
˵ޣ˵Ұޣû˿սͼССèЩƣ֪ʲôһȡ
ӹޣһۣȻò̫⣬ԶʼˣҲûʱѡˡ
Զʦ
ޱڻһ
֮ԸҺͶԷģ˵Ȼǿ̡
޾ѱҲϸ˵뷨£ҪһڶƷȻֲܼɿصϣҪԿơ
ǰ϶û취ǶѱʦҲУһУһˡ
ڶͨʮѧϰ˶壬Զƿشﵽ˶Ƕʦˮƽ
Ҫǣ˽ĸ࣬һɲҩһɶҩ
ҪϸһͷޣжõĶ
һ֣һž뻳еڣһ̷ɢȫѨ
ʼɣ
׼īйһȦֶڿֽϡ

ҵҪʲô
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Ӯһλ黭ʦ
磬û˯ѻǿЦģ
֣
̸᳤ɫࡣ
黭ְҵ֮һ쳣Ȼһֻմīֱȡ֡
һȱˣͽһϳȥ
黭衣
вãŭ壬⸱᳤
ԣ̷壬쿴
ôˣתͷͼѣһĿɿڴĿǰ
üͷ𣬳̷帱᳤˳ſ˹ȥһ֮£Ҳһ㶡
⡭ôܣ
ֻֽϵޣһ£һǰУֽ϶ʱһһ÷ӡǡ
Щӡǣûйɣȴһֱߣ·һε֧š
ûɶǻ۵ޣմī֭ӦôһǰУӡû˿ظ
һѱ
⸱᳤ڶ

ѵĻ̷Ȼ
ͷ޲ߣܣӡһֱߣ˵ӶԷһ˲һͷǺܸѱ޷
ѲɡͲļһλѱʦ
ѱʲôãЩӡߵ룬Ҳһ˵ﵽ¼ʵ鶯ˡ
Ȼ𾪣̷廹ҡͷ
¼ʵֻ黭ĵһѧͽѧϰ黭ˣû꣬ʮ깦򶼴ﲻ
ѱʦֶܹ޵жΣ
޾ޣԻûиʶƵĺľżһҲƷ
ǰ⸱᳤ΪȻĵͷ
Ҳ֣һﵽ׺«ﵽʲôҩ
žણ
ɻֽǰޣͻȻˤڵأմī֭ͿһƬ
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ͷ޽߳÷һһˤ̰̣ˡ
Ҳ˵Ѿϡ
ô黭̷һ
ǰ⸱᳤Ҳп
ҡҡͷ˲ڹעȡļһͬʱīӿȥ
ţȻղŷŭȴ˿ûӰī磬һͼѾǰ
һĵȻڰٻУл䶼Ȼʣߡ
ٻ֮Ϊĵĵĸ߽ࡢȺͷζȫ˳һɣҪֱӳ棡
̷۾һ
ǰīȷǸӣԺúǹŪýһĴ
⸱᳤Ҳͷ
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ҪȸղŵɽˮͼõĶ࣬ζʮ㣬ֻҪ治رıʣﵽ澳϶ġ
ֻ򵥵棬ڸմﵽһ黭ʦλīӵ츳ȷǼٵġ
쿴īˡ
Ưĵͼϲ
̫ˡ

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ָһճһʡ

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ﵽ澳磬
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ܹ򻭣׷ȻԻ˽⣬ղûʱīɣʱ˳
澳Ʒһ黭ʦҲÿζġ
ô˹ۿ˱Ե¡
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ëһӣīӿԼƷҲͣͷ
ŮȻʵģĵΪߣ˺ܴϰĻұ֤ܹͼϰ˲ǧΡΣֻҪһ֣ʮ֮˾š
ȻҲҲﵽԤЧ
黭ﵽ棬һЩʮһ黭ʦһոսһ黭ʦѾվ˲ܵľ档
ôţܻʲô
ߣԼƷ̧ͷԶ
ͼֻڴֽ
Ϊղմīֽ̫࣬޽ӡȳ÷Ǹղˤµӡǣմī֭ڶûɣˮġ
ˤµĺۼΪ޵ëȽϼӲ߰㣬ɶǡ
˵ĻЦˣ
īӲû°Цĵ
ΪԷôţʲôĻû뵽⡭
Ҳл
ī֭棬ҲǿĶɣ
ɶ⣬ӱȣǿЦ
ҲлĻҲ黭ʦ
֪ļһһῴǫ̂
ЦҲĿ⼯йһǲм
Ūī֭ͽ黭ˣ
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ġˣ
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ԷĻ˿
עĻͻ֣ᷢЩɫҲЩס
ڶѧϰԽһγɶҩһγɲҩ
ղŽһڣĿƣް뷨ֽжֻǶ̶ʮӣȴľ˾ȫһ
Ϊ̫ˡ
пһһָ
ڣƱɶҩ߲ҩķѨ̼ӶҪĶ򵥣ʵ϶ľҪ̫ߡ
Ҫľ̶ȴﵽ5.0ϣ϶
ȻҪǣ޼ܵͣײٿأҪǻߵģڵʵ붼롣
ˣ
⸱᳤¶һʧ
ΪһŪʲôĶû뵽⡭
ˣȻīѾɣҲˣҿǻֱɣ
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⸱᳤ͷһָīµƷ黭ʦ⸱ĵӿ⾳ԶȻﵽ黭ĵز
˵꿴ǰƷͼû˵ʲôǡ
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⡭
ī¶ݣˣλ᳤һۣҪȰ裬ҡҡͷ
Сӣ黭ȻҲȷýѵһ٣Ȼ黭ʦỹʲô˶裿
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ϢһᣬŻָһЩīӵĻ̧ͷ
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λ᳤Ƕ黭ʦ۽Ȼ٣ֻҸղֻ˵ҵĻ࣬δ˵Ѿɡ
ҡͷ
δɣʲô˼Ѳɣˣ
īһ㶡
Ȼ˵ҵȻᶯʣֻһ
ЦЦ
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˶һ㶡
޻ɶⶼǶһɶã
ڲñʵ£Ѳɻܸı
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̡λ᳤Ҳһͷˮ
ֽŪһī֭ëʵĻа취Ҳܱһ
һǺãɣҵҪⲽɣ㻹ʲô˵
īЦ
ǺãҾͲˣ
˵ۣ黭ǰץֽһǣһ

вīΣһմ
ˣҵһˣ
ֽֽϣЦЦ
ˣ
һ㶣Ϊνһʲôû뵽Ƕһֽţȫһͷˮ
ԡǿ
һʲôͻȻȺв֪˭˳
̷帱᳤⸱᳤ͬʱתͷֽȥͬʱȫһɫһ±÷ף۾ɵĹԲ
Ƭ̺ŵӿ
⡭⡭ôܣ


290 ƽ֣
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ī֭֮ڸɱɣ÷ţȻֻǻǶ䣬ԶԶЩ֪ΪΣȴһֺϮ̹֮⡣
·ˤĵطʯ֮ǰëµĺۼʯǳһ塣
÷ʯгȻڱ֮СīȺޣĵ߹󣬶꺮÷ûһ仨Ⱦȴһְף˸֮ȼ֮С
һȺʡ
ͺ񿴵ˣ¼ŵԵ˲ΣֻҪְǣأ
ҡôˣ
Ҳǣо񿴵һˣ⣬ȴȻǰû˿
ǡ黭棿
ǰ򣬲ֻһۣ

ΧȻ
Ƭ̣˾ȻϢжȦ΢졣
⾳ߵ黭Ӱۿߵľԣǰ⸱ǡ
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˱÷ζȾ̷帱᳤ֻ촽£
ܹȻҲ˳Է֮£ղʲôǵͼһ˲Σˣ⾳˲򿪡
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⸱᳤ĬƬֽ̣ī֭ζöЩī֭ʣγɣγɻϸڣҪںԺһ㶼У
ǰ򵥣ʵȴ̺żѧʣֽšī֭ͬЧҲһһ֮ûﵽ־磬黭ƿأңҲ
Ȼϣ̷帱᳤̲סͷ
ղſλʲôûʵҪȴĶͻ㾦һֻҪһ㣬ͻ֮ǧһĻʲôǡ
黭ī֭ҷɣȴҵʵѷ
˵һʼλͶ黭оԵƿأ֪ջửʲôﵽʲôˮƽ
Ҫ黭м⣬ԺĴָС˵ǣﵽ黭ʦĻ᳤¶
⡭ܡ
۵ļīӣ֮£һ꺮÷֣ŵú˼ɫף˶ˡ
ץһͷްīմ˵ī֭ӵֽϾͱһ黭
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࣬ĿҪѪҲ˼ôɡ
ѲԼ츳Ĳһͷޣ
֮ǰСˣҲڲͣ˺Ŷ䣬ҪΧȫˣ϶Щˡ
黭ʦķԱʺɣһ²żǧҰˣõʱҲһץһͷӵֽϾֵƷ
꣡
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֮ѧϰ黭ʱ䳤ģﵽʮˣֻܻ¼ʵƷν鶯棬붼롣
ۿһͷǻ߼ĻʱеЩѧϰ࣬Ȼǡûá
ûͺܲˡ
λ᳤֪⸱ƷӮˣˣ黭ΣϣһЦ˹
λ᳤һҪĶ
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Ķī֭ʳΪͼͼݵܿд󷽷
ûȱ㣬Ȼȷġ
ʱȶ󣬷Σֽнģһ㣬С
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λ᳤һۡ
⸱÷ͼͼ黭ʦĵͼͬﵽ黭Ȼ粻ͬȴֱ˴ˡԣαԡƬ̷̣帱᳤ƽ֣
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ʵϸ˵ˮƽҪ߹īӵĵͼΪǣע黭ʦδľӢҪˣѲɻ¹Ǹ뿪᣿
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ƽ֣ҲĽ
ȻλīӣܾͲǰôˣȻƽ֣ҲǺ޴ƽҲνĺһ϶ߵĶۡ
㣬⣬˾棬Ҳȡ
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á
ǰҲ˺

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ֻȫһ𣬿Ҫˡ
ī֭ڵʱֻ澳ɣȻ˾辳ô
Ǿ辳Χۣɢ÷
⣡
īӸ˼ɫס
˵ֻҪԷľ䣬ζû뵽ûѿɾǡ
ļٵģ
ղŵĻ˺ü飬ֻ棬Ϊλһˣ
ǼٵġһʲôֶΣ
ʹҡͷζţī
ף
ҡͷһȦ۾ڳ̷帱᳤ϣ᳤Ƿ񿴳Եɣ
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̷帱᳤ɫأղޣ༲ޣϲʪѣǵī֭ɺīʯĥɡڹϵʵϣʪдкͺīʯĳɷ֣һѼȣͻɫ嵭
༲ޱûϴȻմϸ΢ʪͺīʯƵī֭ںϣپȣЧʱֳҲĻ꣬ʢӶ⾳
Ҫѱޡԣм˽㡭
˵⣬̷帱᳤ɲš
ղŵ龰棬һԭֻĻˮƽȻӣʵȴ֪ʶǰȻֵĽۡ
ʵ²ûտʱƣһҲԶ辳
㣬ѱޡԡ飬ָƲУһʮ
꣡
ˣҷˣ


291 徳㶨
˵
ǰī֭ĳɷ֣ʪ֪𣿡

ͣҲȫɴ۾顣
ץ޹ֱ黭ʦľ辳Ʒ磬ҪҪô죿
̸᳤ȻȺ
Է˵˸ɣһ
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Ȼֽš
ֻԷ˵Ҳȥ͡
ղ˵ֻҪľĻ䣬ڿɻл˵
תͷīӣĿ硣
ҡ
īϥһˤڵأɫɷס
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̸᳤ᣬһ£ջ̾Ϣһ֪λСֵγƺ

Сֵܣͼ黭ʦǹĶܲܿϷϡԼʹգ̷帱᳤
īԼƽѾˣȻ֪㣬ҪϾɱ
˼һδľ벻Ҳû취ˡ
ֻǡһ䣬Ҫ֮ǰĶԼԼ۶һţǶڹᣬʧ̫ˡ
գ˼һû۸ֵϰߣ
ڰ֣ϴȻ黭ʦᣬ
һһΣᵹҲˣŴƣǾͱˡ
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⻰⡢λ᳤һۣͬʱҡҡͷٶ˵
ԼˣǾҪУһȥ黭ʦʧߣô㣿
᳤飬λûòīɫࣺҸǸ
˵ڵأǿɱˣҴˣӦ㣬Ǹ

֪ԷĵǸں˵һСѡ

īվ¶ԹһЦߣǴˣʸ黭ʦ𣿾ҽ뿪컹ٻΪʽ黭ʦһССԼңΣ
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ڵǣ⸱᳤Ȱ;ľ츳Ѿܸˣһûרѧϰúѧϰʮܻ꣬徳Ʒ黭ʦɹ̫ż
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⸱᳤˵Ĳ;츳֮ǿô꣬ĵһλǣǡ
̷帱ҲȰ裬˵һ룬ͼǰת˳ȥ÷ͼǰ
֪һˮһڣǰֽ͵˹ȥ

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292 ŵ
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˿ˮͱ徳ˣ
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ŤĿɿڴ
һֽһ£˸ɶⶼǣ˼Ҷһ£Ʒ
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ǡǲǿȡ黭ʦˣ۾һ

⸱᳤ƽסеļһ£յǿԵġǷֲֻл᳤һλ黭ʦڡûʸôߵĵȼ
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Է黭ʦѾʹ÷ˣֻҪ¼ڰ黭ʦᣬһֲõ롣
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ӰͷһΣʧںڰ֮С

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Ⱥһź룬ЦЦ
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ʿʹﵽ˶۷壬˿Ѩ˸ȻѨΪʵʵıѨǿߡ
֣ˣҲܴ󣬶ﵽƤǾ۷壬붦ֻһ֮
ΪģȻԬΣҲﵽƤǾڣһǿ󣬾ŵĹϣҲ۲˵ķѨ۷ˣƿԵܡ
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߹¼ͼݵ鼮Ѿǧ򱾡ȻЩ죬ֻҪϾʶ飬ٶҲܿ죬һܿһǧҲǼˣǧ򱾾ϱˮн
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½Ѱһ۾һµԲ


294 ͵Ϯ
ѵǸš壿
½Ѱ˻ΣҪѪĳ嶯
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֮ǰ˵ˣѧԺ档
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ȻϢصĺܺãʦǿߣ֪ľ̶ȴﵽ5.0ϣǺ׾ܱʶġ
ѵǸīӣ
˭ʶҲ͸ոպݺݽѵһīû뵽һСǼôʱ䣬Լ鷳ˡ
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Ⱥһͷģͨ۷ǿߣѹ
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־ôˣ˼˵˼ң
ء
˭˵Ǽģ
үǱ֤㡭


295 Ϊʦ
˵ǲǼīǹģ
ǳХޣͷ˸ǰ
ЩһտʼЩǿӲŪҩŷ£֪ǰλһλ黭ʦߣһλʦ
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ЦһҲΪƣһ˦Ÿ߸֮⣬ʦĺ赤ʦµѣǰոոտʦɹȻʦ֣໥Ϥֻôδ˵𣬹ȻһλţңòᣬϵĵʦҼʶ֪ʦǼǣ
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Ī깫ôӣĺ޲ùڵأΪǶʦֻһǡûи
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ĸŮ֮ζȴ60ңż֮䣬70Խ㣬Ǿͬ
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ľ̶5.1̵ѧ85
УҪ찡
Ҳǽζоͷһͷɹ
Լѧѧʱ䲻۴һ㣬궼֣Կʦһϲͨ
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âɫʦһΣǰһڡ
ѾˡûߵһأֱӴڶˣ


311 ʮȱ
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֪û취ֻ̧ͷǰĴţаΡ

صķڣֱĿǰĿܡ
ǰĹ˵Ķûʦ˵Ҳνˣ죬˽ȥ
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329 Լս
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338 ʦ
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352 κ
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Īѩʱȭͷ᳤а취


353 ʦ۷
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ޣѪǰĿܣûѪǨҪɹܡ
Ϊˣβʨػ꣬ûͻơ
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ȻǸβʨͻõģΪʵ׼
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¡
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354 ŹҰɣ
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һּ֡5000
ʦһǧڣΪ10002000Դƣ۷Ϊ4000ҵ
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356 ⽣
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һǿĲѪлԺλȻѧԺλߵļλϡ
ѩʦѧȶȻѧ֮飬ǣʵ̫ˣҲȫˡ
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ʦ
ۿһ죬ѩҲƲס


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365 öʯ£
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翴ƣ룬ȴ¶ŨŨĻȣ俴Զ᳤ǳݡ
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368 ַ
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˰ϣĻһܣ˳ȥ
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ʱ䲻С


375 Ѱ

һɥŮĪѩЩɻ󣺡ô᳤
ˡĪҡͷҪԼ飬Ҫ㣡
ˣĪѩ̾ϢһԵְɣûԵ֣ٶҲã
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376 ʦ
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378 ľҽʦϣ
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΢΢һЦ
ڣáʦᡢ⡭ͼ¼鼮Ѿǧ򱾣ȫԼ֪ʶ֪ʶĴ̱
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ȻЩ£ѹôţ㱾£͸ּţҿ㻹Ҵطˣ
һڵϵֻ۾䶢û֮ǰ֮⡣
һײͽֻײϣҲжԷôɡ
ȻϲԷʵԷ
ЩóЩó似Ǻߡ
ôѡ񲻳
ײֻˣһ΢£˫ɱһЦ
Ȼѡ񲻳Ҳ򵥣͡
ѡ񣡡
˵꣬ǰһӿʦ۷ʵޱȻը


384 ӱϳˣڸƻ
Ϊ־취һԸ⶯֡
ڿвͨˣ
ȻˣǾûʲôġ
ּҲţ
˭
ȻˣҾʹ֪
磬һˡǵﲻ
ʦ۷壿
᳤Ȼʦ۷ǿߣ
ѹ֡ҺּӲһײֻϵʵȷŵʱ

ܵɢϢȫһݡ
ԭ֮ǰͨڣֻǼʵʦ۷壡
ʵҲŵˣ

ĪӿҪۿ
˲᳤֪ݣ𾪣Ҳû̫ྪȡϾʮͣʦ۷壬ţҲ˶Ŀɿڴ
ɡ֪Էݡ

ǰͻƵʦ̡첻ʹﵽ۷ˣ
ʦÿһС𣬶ҪѴʱ䣬ţӳڵ۷ûʱҲѳɹ졭
ֻ˶Щ㱣Ҫˡ
ؼǡǴﵽԽʦҽʦ黭ʦѱʦʦ
ΪΪû뵽Ҳô͡Ī˶ˡ
ѹֶԷԼΪ츳Ե磬϶ӿҲǺġ
ʦʦ۷壿ʦҪŵҲ
ԷһָϽ֪Էʵô벻Ȼô¡
ʦֻʦڣ۷塭
ʦѹǵѩ˴άҲȷʱ

ʦ۷壿;ʵȷŵʱ峤ҳɱ
չ¶ʵּҲȫһ㶣һߴ˫Ŀ絶˪
ּҶϣл
ʦ۷ǿߣ벽ֻһ֮
ʮģ
֣ʦҪ鷳ˡ

ٴͫһ
ֻȻʮ߱ȣǲĺԶ
ʮˣʦ۷ǿӱվλˡˣȺеģ
ʵѾÿˡ
˵֮ǰһ̫߳ϣ֮ȣҲ˺ܴһء
ãСһЩ
ͷ
ΪּҼҪԼĵλϣλ䲻֣Իһء
Ȼöϳ֣ҲܳûԷʲôƺ̣ǰ
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һڣлǰžӸ֮⣺СӣְɣҪ㵽кԣҶּҵ˶֣
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ƣ⣬ҡҡͷһ˲Уǻһϰɣ
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û뵽еĵĸ֣Էӣлɫѿٲϻһץֱ
лġơ
ٸֶУû뵽һ־óˣ
Ҳû취λ᳤һлֻϣ϶ҲеѹŴֱǿ
Ϳ᳤ôԸˡ

лϵĹȫ̬ء
ղŵֻ˵ͦǿҲҪ˭ȣλлһȣͲ̫Զˡ
˸֣û˿֮⣬һ־ʩչǿľУ˵᳤еһڶĪѩĪһҲҪСӦҴ⡣
лȻǴƣֻǻӣǡߡ
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ĪҲæȥһ֮£Ҳԭأת
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أ
ȭͷ⡢𣬽ŲҺϡ
컹ûӦͿʮϣͬһʱһɵĺɡ鴤ĳ鴤Ҳûվġ

οǰλʦĶӱ٣͸졣
˵ղŵȷ޷ȷûκ⣡
λʦΪλᡭʦ
ѵ
һ뵽һܣһΣӱɫ÷ס
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ѹֹס˱䣬˵һ䡰֡϶ǿǴܣòˡʦѹ
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ȻԬε˺֣ܹȥʦ¶
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ӱ߲֪Ǻã·۾ԲҪˡ
ʦһϣ֪϶ٱʵǿ󡭡
ζû뵽ô
һûãּʮȫڵ֪
ôģ
벽Ҳû취ɣ
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㡢㡭
𾪵ԸӣһҪˡ
ּ֮ԳưǣΪҪľЩϣһһ棡
ΪֻǸʦ۷壬֣Ҳʰôû뵽գ۹򣬴г϶ڵϣϵķϣ˵ˡ
ûи
̣
һŭҲ̲סһǰ


385 ţ

ֱ£âֱ˹
ֽ򶦾߾ص󾳽磬ﵽ˼޺۷壬ʦԱġ
Ȼֻǰ벽ڵȴϲͬӣӿ·һ޴ĳޣûǰʯϯ𣬱촷ۡ
תޣ·ӣ̶ĺ
Ѫţ⡢ǡҪͻı־
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һֱΪǿԯȹϵŵõôͻƵģǰ벽Ҳ̫ȹ̣Ϊ壬֪
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ʵڰ벽֮УҲǿߣʱͻؿ۷壡
ѹа벽𾳣ԯɽޣҪ͵͵ǺұԻ
ĿĿǾɹʱֱѹʦõ֪Ҳ޷ֹ
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ʱ㲻αװҲ޿κΡ
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᳤Ҫסˡ
ֵͬʱҲǵġ
᳤ʦ۷Ȼǿ󣬵ּǿ߱ȣ»Ҫһء
˵˵ʱ죬϶Ȼﵽ9000ඦƾѹ
̲סǰȥ


ĵƣԭӵĿ⣬
ͻƵʦ۷壬ֱӵ5000ͨİ벽£ȣǲ˲١
һӴʱеŨصѹ
ԷͬˮӵҲֻܹԹӲ
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к˼룬ȴԽԽƿҪѪ
ղ꣬죬ٶȼ죬һ־ͽڵīĿĺܼ򵥣ֹԷ
Ϊ˿񱩵ĹԷսǿ϶Ҳֲ˶á
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Էһ㣬·ǰ֪˹©һΣͶ㵽˹äȻ񣬴ʯɽѣɡ˼ëûһ
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⡭
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ѲɶʶԸԵսʽѾϤ˼㣿
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ʦҲûôֲɣ
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ûܰ
᳤֪츳ߣҲаԣζû뵽ôаԡ
ƵñԼǿôĶ֣дûһƨáҲˡ

㡭ܲս
ԽԽƣĿҪըһ
սⲻ𣿡
һ߶һߵ
㹥Ҷ㣬ջȥǰһֱңôս
⻰ƵĲ㽫Ѫ³֪˵϶ö֣ᵱ
һһģһǱпֽţ˲㲨ˣɸҺұϼУ
ð
һ㶣漴ЦתͷһһЦţ


386 
ûҲûκαΨһһó͵ĳš
ʱԷóʹñ۾Ůϣ̺

ųһ£һֱǰʦ˹ȥ
֪λʦΪλ轣μȻģҲνˡ

ʣâ䣬˵ʶʱˣ̺ͽںһϢֱҪ춼ơ

дߣеĳߣͬʱ죬γһ֮
ǱȽ⻹߾Ľľ
ʮ᳤˽ģ
ôģ

˶ҲһĿ
⣬ֻǵһﵽǱ֮ģ
ģ˵ԽѾﵽһֺŵĵز˵һЩԽǿ߶޷˿һֻʦ۷ʹβ˾ȣ
ģΪƣ֮ǽС
⾳ý棬ͬ޵֡
ԣǽģ
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͵
ģһ־磬Ҳ飬ġ
ȻԽĺܸʵ϶ԡ顱յĺ٣ԵûȻҲûﵽνĽľˡ
ǡ
׹ף̲ס̧ͷ
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붼˱
ϢЩоһӶŵ֪֪᲻ᵱƶ
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գ
ܵɱ֪һϣͷƤᱻ˺ٲܲˣ͵ع˳ȥ

âڵ棬һʯɽ
ɶ񣡡
ð벽𣬾Ȼ¿ܹܶĿҪըУڵһģëٴը鲻Խǰһ

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⣬ܹʩչΪϳ۶ɣޱȣ޼᲻ݣȻǰ벽ǿߣֶҲֻа׵ķݣֵס
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¶һ䣬˺ͷҲ˺ü
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ˣȭ᳤ֵסûκΰ취ý᳤ֻֻش
ּԽļ壬ּĽʦ᳤ҽʦͨʦûУڽʦȭǿ޽ҽʦ
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ɵһ
ּý壬˲꣬Ϊ
˿óΪλ᳤ɣζ벻־档
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Ҳ̫ѷ˰ɣ
ּ̫ѷǡ᳤̫ǿˣ
лԺɫأ˽⡢ģֻʦ۷ʵʩչңҲһΧԽԶҲԽ󣡡
ѧԺλʦͬʱͷ
ţľԽԶɢԽ죬ԽС˵ĻԽ
ǿôУɻԻͣǿƵּҵֿ˵ڵҪôޱȻҪôޱȾ
лԺֻһ磬Ÿ޼ɵʹãĿݽߣҲֻоһ磬ýâ뿪ôԶɱ־۶ɢʮ㣡
ǰ
ȫͷ

𾪵ȴԣǱг趯硣
ּղŲҪñԵڵϴʲô˼
һȣԴǣܲս
ۣ
⻰һƣ첻СıɨУһѪ
ˣ
ղ˵ԷĻû뵽ֱӰ˳
ս
ҿ
㽣ݺᣬֵûУôս
ղȭƵĴӴĺúõģװɶƣҪñºˣûװɣ±ˡ
һ֣벽ǿߡ
˭˴ģشĸ֣
εҩ㶯ֻ֡ҪɱһʲôҶӦҸ˫
ִһ֪ȥᱻԷĽնɱҲ̲סһХ
г϶ˣѾû취ԸˣΨһϣλεʹҩ
ΪԽɱУֻҪö㽣ǿҲã
ãסĻˣŵѫĵͷ˳
εҩɱѵǡǵĴҩѫ
Ⱥв֪˭˳ɫͬʱһףһȻ


387 ׵ĵ
ߣ˾ηĴڡ
ǿ˶Է޷ֵ
ѫּҵһ˶ûע⣬סȻǺɽλε
Ϣ˲֪һЩϢͨļ壬ܹõѶϢġ
ܳΪǶ۷嶾ʦһö˵ʦ۷壬ǿ¶Ҫݱܷâ
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ȷѫ˵ݣȻŭȴûκΰ취
Ǻöᣬ϶ͱˡ
ʦҶ֣ܲɽƷ
Ŀ硣
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λѫҪҶʦ֣Ǿͱˡ
һܲ˽Ⱥ֮

⡢
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ԭʦʦ
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ż̲ס̧ͷ˹ȥ

ǰɣòϣǸţ
УѫɫȻĿԶϧң
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Ҫ֣ս
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İɣҾͺá
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ûǰ۾ͻŪһ
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ΪѧȻ취ʦ¶Կͷ
ʲô£
˶ˡ
᳤ǡʦ
ĪѩҲһ漴˿һŮεҡͷ
֮ǰţʦʲϣŮλ᳤ӴȡΪ
ڿ뷨ֻ뷨ˡ
ʦĳţԺǰ;ȻѾסܿҪչ߷ˡ
¶ߣи뷨𾪡
Ȼ˶û뵽߳ǵ᳤ͬһˡ
ϾΪһòһҲܲȫͬ
Ƕλĵȼ£
֪һĻһЦȡöݵĻµ˹
˳ɹڿʼʽĶʦ
λʦĪʦ˶ʦɹҪȥʦϿɣиˣ
·ڶģЦЦһȭ
ǣȥɣ
ʦùǾͲˡ
ۼʦζȾʮţʦʦһҲֵˣ

֪Էе˼˷׷׸ǡ
ι뿴ۺʦõ׷ʲô£һĻȫ֪һﳬֵ
£ضٶǣ֮Ҳܿ䶯ʮΪ˳ݵż
ܿ죬ֵĴֻʣ¼λʦĶ˳ȥ
ʦĪʦ˳ΪʦչҪǽϿɣ⽲ʦκ񡭡һȥʦɣ
뿪Цӯӯк
ţ
֪أҲ˵ȥ
ʦڿ˴ĸС
鲼ȱʦλмһ޴ĵֳǰ˷

۾ڵϣһãǸͷ
һʦʱ򣬼
˻þҪԼΪѧʱͱֱӾܾû뵽ʦȻе
ͷ˭һεʲôˣôܰ޳ܼһĵ
ԷȻҰ͵ϮԼһƣ̲סתͷָȥһȻ
ⶼɶ
ʦô߼ĵطȻһͷҲ̫Ͻ˰ɣ
ͷ
ʦʦȫɫһףû
ǿʦ֮ʦ
κ˼ǾʦҪ񣬴ҳֱͷ
HUƟ
Ҫ谡
һ˦䣬ʦ̲סǳ⡣
˵ʵһ͵Ϯҡ
֮ǰһĻЩƣ˵ͻȻס̲סʦ˭㣿ðģ˵ķݣ
һʮλһʦλʦڼĪһҲλǡ
Щˣ֮ǰȫʶͷðģҺǳԼ
֪ԼǶʦ
ôĵӡ

ظףϵץͷ
˵ʦͷ޳ܣ˷ˣֱӺǳһλʦ
ʦҲȫץˡ
ʦվڸǰҳ˵´ˣһﵹãǳ⡣
ҪҪôͣ
ʦżʦĳմԶûýܣ㲻ʶΣʦ̲סڡ
ʦʦȡ
Ƕ˹أʶҲ
˵òҾͲƽˣ
ͷ
Է̬ȳϿңҲüƽϡ
ȿȣ
ԼŬ£öԷԭ¡ʦʦͬʱˮǺһ¡
֪Է֪ǵݣ֪ʦҲᣬܵղЩ³çڸһ£֪Ϊλ˵ˡǷʦ˶ֻλ¾ʦҲֻǼǸ֣ȴܴѵ²˭𣿡
˭
һ㶡
һžϳͷģԷԼ֣ʮַŭ漴ѿڶûô࣬ͣȷ⡣
Χλ治½ľʦʦ˶ûʸµ񣬴ȴм䣬Ͳò˳˼ˡ
ѵǡ
뵽һֿܣһ㶣۾Բ
ǿʦʦź룺ܵ˾ֻҪʦҪǰݡ
ʦ
ס
һֱѯʦ¼ΪҪѧϰԷ̥
ϧԷ¼Ĳ࣬ȥͼݣҲֻõΪʦܽⶾһ
ȥ߼ʦüѯôû뵽
ʦԼΪѧԼȻһġܾˣ
ͷԣʦҴӦˣңҡ
ɫһһףͻȻһУ˹˫۷Ź⡣
ʦʦ
ʦ


396 ȱϿ
ǿʦ
ʦõĿߣʦȼĳǿ
ܰΪʦ֪̥ĽҪ˸ɽ
ôˣոѧôҲҪǧʯɣȻҲԲʦݰ
֪ǿʦװɶװ϶Ӧ˵һ䡭
óӶˡ
ʦͽȻܾϻб
ǰֻ֪ᣬôҲҪ鿴֪ͷ˭ô޴ľ
ʦʦŲ֪ˣֻĵûʶġ
һһ㣬ʦæǰ
ʦʧڴ½֪ˣڵϵҲֻһЩдˣ˵޴֣㽫Ҳûð
ɣɶ
Ϊʦǽô׽
ѵ
ʦ뷨ͬףϵ˶һۣҲɻ
ʱʦʦͽǶ
λͽܣܾ
֮ǰǲλʦڿ񰡣
㿴һεӣôܾܾôõĻ᣿
Ȼ֪˵뷨϶ΪģǸʶѾĺòá
ûʶðɣ
̧ͷһǰĵ񣬵ȷһû֮ǰֻεҡͷ
ָ͵͵ȥ

Ժг鼮޺ĵ񣬾ĨΪʮɣǧ겻٣ȱ㣺
ۣ
һΡ
ˣȷǵܡ
ϧаŵĻᡭ
ô˷ˣ
ʼɣ
λʦڻָʦ˰֡
ţ
ǰһȻͨ˿ˣʦ£ҪõʦϣҪܷʦϿɣ
һɹϢû£ͷϢҲϳݡ
ʦʦ˸ղŲδó£ֻ˵ŲɣΪ̺Ϣʦһۿ
ɹѵе˻޷Ͽɣ
ȻУνϿɣָȱϡλȱλӵǵµһȻ޷ΣҲûʶȴܱǷʳΪʦ
Цӯӯǰһָֻ¹˳ϣλͻᵹõһϿɣһϢϿɵԽ࣬ϢԽ࣬ҲͱԺǰ;Դﵽ߾硣
ԭˣ
׹
ֱӿ˵Ķʦûܶ¸Īһ֪ĺܶ࣬û̫ྪȡ
ǣϿɵôȡʦʸ񣿡
ϿɵģвϿɵģϿɵô
ܲܶԷ࿼˳ɹΪһЩλϣȡʰɣ
ᣡҡҡͷʵòϿɣҲǺģЩλˣǰǴֻ۵ģŻϡͨ£һʦɹļʣٷ֮һʦҲֻаٷ֮ʮˣ
ٷ֮ʮզࡣ
˵ʵʵ̫ˡ
ﵽʦаٷ֮ʮǰٷ֮ʮǰٷ֮ʮֻʦܰٷ֮ٻϿɣǼλ£Ͳһˡ
ͷ
ǹȻûгǵʦЩǻ֪ʶΪ֪ĺҪѯʣھ
⡭Ѷȡ
ʦʲôطϳǿߣһˣˣţ˿¶Ϊ֮
˼ĳܱ֤ٷ֮ٳϣɴ˿ɼѶȡ
ʦϿɣֻһԽϿɣԺĳɾԽ츳ԽߡһλţӽܣʮͿʦɹΪһѻǵʱ߿λϿɣ
ʦЦ
ľĪһλӽܣ˵ĵһ
ʮʦɹզࡣ
ʶʦϰʮ꼶СˣʮͿǳɹ츳ȷ¡
νĪһ֮һȣҲȻ޹⡣
Ҫ֪ʦԽϿԽѣľ̶ҪҲԽ󣬲츳ǿߣһأһԽ
չܲĴ󼶱𻮷֣һΪʦĵΪмʦߵΪ߼ʦ
Ǻ֮䣬һȣͨʦĲ࣬һ˿Գɹġ
ҲҪõϿãòҲ޹ؽҪʦãѾû˳ɹˣֻϣλʱܳһԺȥãҲҫʱ
Ц
ţͷ
ΪǱõϿɣڿ޹ؽҪ
ҲԣʦĿζһʱ㿴ˣδؿϣ˵ЩλţһѣòϣҲʲô
Īʦɣ
꣬һ֡
ã
Īһͷɫء
һʦʱδõϿɣʱ˶ǳɹҪûлᡣ
һɹҫ£ǧš
٣ѹ£޹ˡ
һǰһмŸǰϥһ
ĪһݼλʦϿɣ
ʣ˵꣬档
ô
æȥʦʦʦҲ̲ס
ĪһǧţͿ˶ǳɹ
̬ԯպòϣʦϿɣҲȷ̫ˡ
˲š
꣡
֪˶ã˾ÿûϣʱһλ˻Σ
¡
漴һɫ壬ֱӵڷɳĪһֶ
ǡʦ壿
Ϣһ㶡
ʦʱһϢӶľ̶ȿ
û뵽ʦϿɣҲͬĹЧ
ѹ˵ʦ֮󣬾ûл£ʦҲϣԭνϿϢⶫ
ϡ
ȷʲô̲סҡͷ
ʦʱϢ̣ͬشִ󣬶Էֻһָϸϸ΢Ŀ
Ϫ߲ͬն

ϢոɾĪһɫһϲ̲סվ
Զĵ˷ܡ
Ȼֻһλ˵õһλȱϿɣ˳ɹļ¼

ĵһţ
ٶһõϿɵģããԺǸϼһҲⲻˡ
һĻףϵ̲ס˷ܵĺ
˲ʦǵһۿ˳ɹеļ֪
ʦϿɣ츳ңҲʦŵõϵģʦҲĵͷ
ǰʦõϣ㲻ˣǳΪʦһöλ¡λĪʦ츳ȷͬ죡
ʦҲЦЦ
ʦʦڶʦʱ򣬶ûõϣѶȡ
ˣĪʦõ˳ϣʦˣ
𾪹󣬽ڡ
ˢˢĿ⼯й


397 ʦ
ãͷ
ʦ㲻ҪȱϿҲ޷ȻպҲ뿴ܻܲöԷĳϡ
Ÿǰһϥһ
ݼλʦϿɣ
ͷ񣬺֮ǰĪһһģһ
ˢˢʦʦʦҲ̲סЩţȭͷһ
һﴴ̫漣ܴƽӽܵļ¼
䰲ţݵĵ񣬰ĴԭأһûκηӦ
ѵòһȱĳϣ
˰죬ûκζʦԴӶԷпԻ
λô¼ڵѧζȴﵽʮţӦܵõǿͣôһ㶯ûУ
̫˰ɡ
һյ蹦û˵ûõϿɣʱѾˣʧˣ
Ƭ̣һʱ䣬ʧ
ն˵ĳɼĪһһλȱϿɣʦӦвǿͬǣʵȴһ㶯ûУЩ䡣
ȱϿɣǿ츳ʵǡʲʺѧ
һᣬʦڣλʦ츳̫ߣЩȱеѹ˰ɣ
Ҳֻˣ˭Ҳ㲻츳Īһɹ츳ǿķʧܡ
ǰӦȻôһϿɵĶûУ
Цŵͷ˵ȥͼһĹظżǰָ˹ȥԣ쿴
˼æ̧ͷֻڵλ˿û仯
ظɻĿ
Щλǡظɫһף촽ǡʦ񣡡
һ㶣мߴĵֻǶڵϵ̥ܣͻȻһ£
ζ
β֣ʦʦҲеͷԡ
֮ǰĶλأδʦζ
ǻζ
֣ͻȻʲôһУʦСġ
δ䣬ͼߴĿʦ񣬡֨ѽһ
λ°ݣλǵǰһԴ˹ȥ
գ
ԭأȺϿɵζû뵽ôһɫһ±ѿʱҲˣֻüæ˫ӭȥ
أ
ȭͷ͵һ
ʦ۷ǿߣǿ9999Ŀʦ񣬾ټҲֻǸܣγܵס䣡һը

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ˡ
ɫһףһʦ˳ȥ
Ҳԥں
һ뿪䣬ͼǰĴ䣡ĵ̳ȽȽ緭ľˡ
⡭ô£
λʦȫɵˡ
ˢˢԶһ±Ƶ꣬޲ð
˼ݣҪôõϿɣҪôϿɣãһ£ѿʦˣ⻹꣬ʦˡ
ûи
ʦʦ˾ηĴڣҪҵ㣬ܻɣֱȭͷô
Կʦ֡
Ҳǹˣ
ʦһǰΣͼԶ꣬ǰķ棬ͣͷ㱻Ͽ𣿡
Ͽɣ
ð
ứġ
㽫˼ҵ飬òˣôϿɣ
˷裬ʵҲǱġ
ϾͳϣϾͲϣôʲô˼
ܱ֤ǧ겻ȲʯͷӲҲˣֵĻ汻ͷϣ޵УҲ»ܵˡ
һͷ

֮ǰʦҪΪӣûӦڿ϶ǹⱨȻôĵôͻȻ
ʦҲᵹ
ºˣҲͲˡ
£˭Ҳ׼˵ȥ
Ƭ̣ʦһܣһ䡣
ʦŪ飬ʦرһһȥ˿϶ЦʦõҲͲˡ
Ψһľ·
ҺãڳһҲͼλҸݣҲô˵£ȥ
ǣæͷ
ˣϿҲûʲôλʦҾǽһʦκ񣡡
֪£Ȥ˹
ʦߣԴҵҲΪʦӦˣʦʦã淶ְҵĿģֻһǾǡ

Īһüͷ
λڿ磬ƽ޲ְҵԻҫۣʵϲˡ
ɫأʦʱಢ½Ψһİлһǿ塭壡
壿
ţһǳ壬һӵгԽǿƥʱ࣬һץֻΪӹūۣ
ʦսѹΪøǿ󣬲Ŵʦãн࣬£Ŀľǣø㹻Ա
⡭
𾪡
ȻѼ˲鼮ЩǣϹܣûһأҲδ
ô벻ϻǿ壬һӵϵ
֪ʦΪְҵϿ𣿡
ҡͷ
ʦȻɱΣ˿ֲʵҲкܴ洦ܵһ񶨣ɶʦȴְҵ񡭡Ǻ¡ǣǸʱͶ壬ΪŰкͬ

׹
֮ǰҲ֣ʦȻֲȴҲǼ˾¶ûҪ˷Ǹϳǣɽɣ
ְ֪ҵǰ£ԭ¡
ö֮ȻˣϰȴĲˣ˽ľ档
ʦְҵΧڣͺȻûԸȴҲûʲôõĿڱ
ˣǲǶʦЩȥҲˣʧʷӣûҪᣡ
ЦЦϼȻûΣʦȴֻҪΪһԱҪʦı֣Ͽع涨ˣ
̻£˲ŸʦϵĵλǳΪʦ˸߸ϵݺ͵λ
ɫԺ֪Ƕ˭Ϊӹ涨㲻ҳ֣ʦҲԶ
ǣ
ͬʱͷ
סΪʦһ͵λһκֻаѧϣĽˣ£Ϊõʦ
꣬Ű˰֣ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣȥɣպҲΪǽһʦʦ
ţ
ӦһʦõĻȥ
뿪˭ûע⣬λʦϣðһϸ΢Ϣγһ޴ĺ
Ϊ˽ܣʱ䲻ɢ·δֹһ


398 ʦܣӱ
ˣʦãµ
ε£شҶ֪ˣϣλܽ߾ȫҪ׹ǵͷ
һ߶мλϣüһ
ʦ۷ʦ
ģǻ߾ȫѰҺѡ׹˵ͷ
ճϡ賤˵ԯǱ߳һţǰ͸Ϲȥˣ
׳ϡ¹ϣ˵ԶǱſ˳ɹҲڰǰȥ

߷׷׻ش
Щߣʦеĳۣǰ±עŵȼǶǣߵĸǡǣŹâΡ
Ǿͺãǰ׼úӦԡ˶ǵףһҪǿǵ˿
һͷ
š
Ӧһ˵һͻȻ
űʲô޴ıʡ
ˣ

ô£͵վ
Ǹλǡʦ
һķһλʦɫһ䣬

Ҳ̲סæ˳ȥʦſȥͼʦλͣʲô£ͣһϢУһǻХѡ
ǡʦܣӱ
ɫһ䣬һΣˤ
ʦܣʲô˼
ʧ̬һλʦ̲ס˳
ʦɹҪȱϿɣܶ˶ԴΪ͡
˵ͷ
ʦ֪£˵ĵȼԽͣϿɵȱԽ࣬ԺĳɾԽҲԽԺ
ΪʦǶ֪ʦѡѧѧͬҲѡʦ
ȭͷһ˵⣬ƺǲţȱϿͬҲ⵽ܾ
ܾȱϿɣԴϢľ˻ܾ
һ㶣Ҳȫ۾Բ
ȱϿɣ˵Ҫǣܰľ˾ܾʲô˼
ǣ˻ܾں˴Ϣ͵ӡλȱӵаʦ֮ꡣλҲ֪£͵մҪлرһЩţԸֱ꣬Ӿܾ

⡭˴ס
ЩˣȱϿɣȻ˾ܾôģ
ȱλȻֻһȴ̺ǰľ񣬱󱲾ܾȻѣǰʦܣӱЩҲֻ鼮пû뵽ģ
ɫףؼǡôλͬʱЩȱͬʱϿĳˣܣ
ôȱͬʱϿɣ
⡭ôܣ
˶һûιȥ
ŽӽܣҲֻõλȱϿɣ˭һµõȱϿɣؼǡܾˣ
˰ɣ
ʦʦȫ촽£ץ
Һúò飬϶ڣ򣬲ܳ£һλͰݷȫϿɵţܹɺ䶯
˫۷Ź⣬Ը涸Ȼһ

ͼǰĿʦҲҲͣ
ʦѵʦҲܾˣ
˴ɵԭأľ
ҲſĻҲ˵

治ùܣ
ת뿪ѹȱλʦ񶼲ᣬ̲ס֡
ʦĵȱλô
ʦﱾʣⲻΣԿʦȱľĵףЩλϡȻλˤǴ󲻾ôĸԸĵţİɣʦרŵĽ˸޸Ӧò˶ã÷ʦٴ
͡
ⲻΣͷ
˵ǲ
ʶʦ衢ׯ͡ˣûʲôʦļӣһԵģֱӳϣģڷ
˳Ϊ˳Ϊ¡
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һ·ǰһ
ڸǽһ£λ˵ʦʦʦܡ
ʦ
Īһסͬʱһ
֮ǰǶΪǴһʦôû뵽Ȼǡ
ˡ
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λݺᣬԺΪʦֻʱ⣬ûҪнʦЦЦʦи֮룬֪㣿
ʦ˵
֪Էʦ󣬹ıȭ
ʦ֪ʶԨҪΪ
ΪʦҪӵ𼶱ʵǡΪѾﵽˡ
˵ʦǣ֪Һʦɷݼһʦ
ݼʦһ飬ûιȥ
ʲôʦʦԼ
λʦҪȥݼô죿
Ū棬˾ţ֮ԷʦҪŪסûô򵥣
¾óαװʦԷҲܿһ
ô㣿ʦ
ǣֻǼʦһƮҲ֪
æͣɣʦһ֣Ҿ棡
ţǾʦˣʦЦЦ
Ȼʦûκʢ֮УźͰ
˵ԽʦԽˣҲܺܿѧϿɣõѧϰ֪ʶ
ˣǿ꣬ҲͲȦˣҺʦ⣬һΪʦ˵ĳɼ̫ˣҪԹһ£Ҫæ
Ӧʦϼᣬź룬
ʦ·Ըǣʦܹһ߾ȫæ
Ȳ˵Է˾㲻ǣʦҲʸǵġ


399 ֮
ҾͲˣ
ʦһ£ˣڴ½ϵĵλλ㲻֪Ҳ˵һЩɣ
鼮Ѿ֪Ƭ½ΪʦְҵڣΪʦ½
Աޱ޼ʡ
֪šǶɳʤ
ˣȻ֮ǿĴڣʦ½㲻ʲô
вʦãʦҡҡͷ֪϶Ҳһ֪⣬һϸ˵һ°ɣ
ĵȼλӦʮϤˣȡһȡͷĸȼ
һԯԯּĹȣ˹ķΧڣһʮ
ôࣿ
ס
ĵͼ⣬ֻﵽһ𣬷٣
ΪνˣֻǸָڲ֪ƿصķΧڣҵֻ಻١
һʮżĹȣԯжʮһ𼶻֮֡࣬飬Ѽ
ǰǣʷҲʦԵʣͲ˵ˡֻ˵һ£ˣ
ˣķΧʮ־޴ʵʦ½Χ׺һڣʲô֮ͬ½ǧڵĵ۹䡺۹ȻһЩǿţɳڡڵȵȡ
кһӴĴڣ
ȫ㵡
֪ʦ½ܿôû뵽ô
ȣУͺܴˣôû뵽ͬǧ
£
ˣΪΪͨͬСġ
ͺĵ۹۸ǾãҪǿǲ٣ڣɳҲ˲űԶʤǡ
ȻЩͬиʦãܵܲơ
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ּҳΪ̫һ˳ˮ˳磬ܹô衣
ֳޣ㾡֮ˮҲϴ塣


407 ʯȼ
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408 ״ѧ
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˿һȦûκΰ취ֻýĿ⼯ϡ

ҲͷҲûãҴδǼĹʾӣ֪ġ
˵һ룬ͻȻ۾һˣ뵽һԿףûκ⣡
а취
ȫһ㶣˫۷ŹĿ
ĪҲǺ档
·Ĺʾӣ˶֪ʲô취
֣ͼǰ꣬óһհ׵鼮ֻ˸ʾͼͣתӣдʣ·ʾ򡭡򡭡򡭡

Īꡢŵһ
Ϊʲô׵ķ⣬ûιȥ
ø飬㻭ͼȷ򣬻ס϶ҵţ
ŪˣҲҪŪõ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ˣ򣡡
תһȦȷǰһָ
ĪٴһΡ
ʱλʦ˫ôʱ־ôأ
ȷϷ򣿡ʵ̲ס˳
Ȼͷһɫǣǳɽٽжص򣬱ضҵ˵ˣ
ͼݿȷҲҪֻҪдĬжȱݣҵȷλá
²˵
ǳɽ󣿡
صĸ򣿡
㿴ҿ㡣
˱飬㻭˸תһȦǣЩٳһЩ
ˣҲҲİɣ
Īһصĸо
ô͸Źˣ滳ȥ᲻߶ҲҲȥ
ָķǰһߵͷ߷ֱ治µķó鱾תȦȦһʱһɽꡣ
ˣ
ǰһָ
˳ȥȫһ㶡
ֻԶĲԴ֮УȻ¶ʯݵķƺĳ֮У֣Щģ
⣬͸׸˵һģһ
۾һ·ѿڶ
⡭
ȷϣȫ۾ԲĿĪ꣬һĿҪˡ
·֪ߣҲó飬תһȦΪңȻǶԵģ
ûи
ѵ˵һǣʲôǳɽ
ҪȻôҹ
ϸһ£ӶԷó鱾תȦʼߵķȫֱߣȫû޳ûĵطǰ֪λãҲߵôȷɣ
ؼǣڵλãνۣվԿݣһǶλãЩͻᱻ֣Ҳ
Ҳ˵֪λãǰҲᱻԻ󣬲
֪ʲôطңⷽ׼ȷһҵط
һôģ
ˣͲˡ
𾪣ʵ벻ͨĪֻÿЦҡͷ
һԴһͱֳ£óĦͨ
봧Ħᱻ
ȥɣ
ᷢˣɽȥ
ʦȱæʮΣգ
·弱æǰ£˵ֻк󱲵ѪҺֹͣ
ѪҺ

ţҪҵѪҺ󷨵ʯϣ󷨾ͻֹͣһ˽ͨûⶫػɽô꣬ͱ˻޹ˣ
·͵
Ī˵ͷ
ʾӣ֪ûˣܱԭûٻ󷨵ǿ
˽ޣҪ룬Ҳܡ
󷨣ǰֹͣóȻȥ鷳
ǾͿԣ
Ī꿪ڡ
Ҳϻ·ܿȥһᣬ¶˿֮ɫ
׵˵Ѫ󷨵ʯϣֹͣɡ󷨵ʯ
ʯһɽ֮УûҲǧÿһһѪԣ󷨻ûֹͣȹˡ
ʦҲ󷨵ʯ
һᣬһΡ
ʦţǡ
С󣬼Ȼؼϲδºˣʾǰȴ󷨵ʯҲ
Ҳ
һ£һܣҲüͷҲҲ
Ȼ˲ٹ󷨵飬ҪڶƷƷԽĲΡ
ҪҵҲ鷳
ˣҲʲôʯˡ
ҡҡͷ
ǡôȥ
·һ㶡
򵥡
ǰһ
ˣ
һ̤󷨷Χ̻ζ̧ƣֱ˹ȥ

ֹͣ
֣ˣˣ
·塢Īˡ


411 ʦ
󷨲һСȼͲ˲ֹһѰŦ֮Ҳ͸ѡ
˱ΪʦһͣƷ󷨣ͺ죬ˣ֪
ʲôƷƷƷǸ£
ֻҪڣģһҲҪ군
ǳ˳飬·ʹҡԴ
׸˵ޱȣȱһһμӹ̲γɵģ̺Ŵǻۡڿǻ۸ëʦһж߹
ֹͣûΣգ롣
򵥵ʯݣ֪˶ãк󱲾ޣҲԵưܲ
ȥɣ
ʯǰͣ
·µĶֻΪĿĴﵽûΣգȥҲͲҪˡ
ǣʦ
ͷ·˽ȥʱ䲻˳ۿ΢졣
ĸ˵űߣʬǶûմ棬ҹ˲λȱǰڷһҲҶˡ
䲻³˾ţ߰ɣ
֪Է飬֪ûʲôȰģ˰֡
ʦ
æǰһ·彫еһ˹
Ǳ鼮һ֪ԶˣžɲƺĳķƹȻƾɣȴޱȣ׻
֪ӦþǱʦױµ˹
˵ʵڿʦλʦͦģȻ̰ͼѧĶһ۶ԷּӦûʲô󰭣
򿪣һɲɣ֮⣬ڶ
ǰΣּȻܸ˴𾪣ξֻȼ֣ȴɷ裬ɽѹĸо
ݺܼ򵥣ȷͨţӦ·ĳż㣬ʥΪ˱м֮⣬ʦԻظ˼䣬һ˻
ͷʦµּ͸еһɺ嫵ϢֱԺֹˮľ̴򿪣ͬ
ʦģ
˵ʦµּ̺ľͶصĸ򣬾ۿ˵ľмҲνʦġ
ִֻһֹʦУѪϵ֮࣬ͨ˿ǰµּҪʺܵͣһΣһΡ
ͿʦûʦкѪԵϵȴֱò˵ѡ
¡¡
ֳż㣬ֻԼľԽȹ̣ľ̶ȣҲӡ
⾳ԭء

¡ǺѾõ
ɽϷһ޴ʯ棬ȭ
˾׷˹
Ȼ͵ϮŶʦһкܴΣգֻҪɹر
ΪʦϿ϶вʦı֮һУܸκδϢĻᣬȻһѶϢñ֮ɹˣ
ɫصİţȻҪǣǱ뵽֡
ȻʦԳϿ϶вٱĶҪ־Ϳ죬˿ɡ
·ģͷ
ְɣ
ɫһͷ
ɱֻ֣صٺã϶Ҳᱻ֣ʱԯŪö
նɱֻҪõαװǱ͵Ϯɱļ󣬻ֵʱ򣬻Ѿƾʦױҵ˿ɽõˡ
ʦãȻͬܲƣֵġ
ͺ⽮ܳ͢ƣʡݵ֮䣬໥ԱȡıȱȽǡ
֮ͬʦõֻҪΥ⣬ܲٹʡ
он٣ʦ˵Ҳһֱ޲ߡ
ǣ
أתһһġ

Ӱһʹʯһ磬ֱȺе˹ȥ
ڵʵȫʩչգ۹ʹܳ׵ľ룬ǰ
󷨱ֹͣɽûκηˣٶȺܿ죬ûܵ˿
ʱʦĵľУû֡
Īꡢ·û뵽ʱ͵Ϯ
ԻޱȵĽâе֮ȫͫһɫޱ䡣
ʦ

ү
һ
ʦСģ
·忴˻Ի͵Ľâ֪һУɣۿһ졣
Ϊ˰𣬹һ˶Կּңʦû˵𱸵Ϊ˸ʵۣʦûҪκλر
似̵
淶˵ĵıʣ
ûʦֻƽӹһӲܱ
ûʦּҷ֣Լ
ʦ̶߳ʦȥˡ
ءˡ
£
ʮڶͻƲ˱ѨⱲӿ¶޷𣡡
㲻ùô֪ģѹǶҲ谭ڽѹֻ̫Ϊܵͻƣ֪㲻˵̲ס˵˳˵֣⵽
ģֻҪңʮڣͿԱ𣡡
ţҲԲţѡ㣡ֻһΣ
ǿеĴ̿ͣպʶҵѧҡʦ

䣡
ʦӴһĻĻԺʣһ仰Ժл죬˲˲ƣգ۹ܳ׾룬ǰ档
꣡
ĳǡڴʱǰֱؿڣǿߵŽӿɲǼ䣬ͽƻ

ܵԷԼڼʱᱻ˺ѣ·һŭ˫ǰһ죬Էĳġ
㡭
û뵽ɱһһﵲסɫһҪ̴ԷٽɱȴֳݺץסǶʯ֮У۴̻ǰΣ˿
֡
ôû뵽һʦļһﵲסּһųͣԷ䣬Ҫնɱٶ֡
㲻˺Ϊ
ܵϵڶԷĿ£ɢ·û˿ڣĿأ˭޷ҡļᶨ
ʦ


 ޵


412 ѩޣ
·壡
ʦ֮УһżĺžͿ·屻һ̴һըۿ̲סˡ
ѧȻʶȴӵжߵΣֿĸ顣

һһһɫ鼮ͻأ֡
Ȼطƾۻᣬ鼮صͬһɽֱͳԴϡ
ž꣡
û˿ͣͣԴͱµϣը÷飬ҵĳ£ɽһף׵Ĵӡ
ʲô
һ࣬׼ٴγ͵ϮĶˣû뵽ڵͳ죬ԷðĶһҵĻҷŵɫͬʱһףûιȥ
³λбȻʦĻû뵽˿£
һҳ˴ӣǻǿߣҲ
ӡ
ֵ֪ססͣЪ˭Ҳ˲ϣתӡ
ѱʦܽҲ׷ȥ
˶ﵽ𼶱ٶȼ죬ͱһߣӳϰ׵ľ롣
µҡ
û뵽Լķ̣תܣ˵û˵ɫɷףæ׷ȥ

۾Ѫ죬˴ʯܳﲻ֪ǵĹƣеĽɫ鼮ٴ˹ȥ
¡
رɽݣԲٴαĥƽ类棬⽴ܽӵıȽϿ죬ѡ

ޣ죡
ĳŵȫʲô̫ʲôˣٲܲˣһ޵ļֱǰȥ
̫ˣǿߣ˵ǡ
ٲߣֻ·һ

Уƽɫ鼮һҲɱˣһ鼮ʧһɾ޴ƣ֮ӿͷԻʱιȥ
·塭
֪޷УҲ׷ϣǿסеѣΣǰλѧ
ֻλݼ㣬Ϊ˱ǿס겻˵ΪʵöҩһԹ޻ڵѧ۾գȻû֪
ƺʦȫ޷۾ȴ΢Ц
˫סؿڵĳ֡
˵
ʦֻҪû¡ͺã
һƣ㲻µġ
סԷƣڵӿС
ϡʦô֪Ҫ𣿡
ʦҡ
㲻Ϊʦ

ĵεΣĵײ
ġư͡·Ӳ˵ദʱûмеֻǼᶨĿ⡢ȵıӰ
Ϊܱ𣬹ѧԺҹûֻƬ壬ʹҲпһ˿ˣּ֪ǿƣɳȥ
Ը˵ȴֲи꣬˸о䣬ʵģȴġ
ȻҲܵǰԸԼȥҲԸʦܵκ˺
·壬ҵѧʦû㣡
ѣʦһĻᡭ
ҪǮķ䣬Ȼ·Ӱȴһû˿Ӧ

ǰ꣬ͬ񲣬Īɫһס
ղŵһĻ̫Ѹ٣Ȼȴûκΰ취Ϊο϶׶༪١
ô벻һѧȻΪԸ
ȭæǰ

һû˿Ӧ

ٴκһſҫ۵ţãȻ̧ͷʧ˻ǡ
żҽ˫·û£
һʹĪ̲ס
ԣҽ
ԷѣŷӦãȻ¾۽

ҽͼݣ
֮£ΣֻҪǷǣӦöа취
۾һ»ɡ
ȱݣ
еͺгһ鼮æ
оȡ
һݣȫһɫһ±͸졣
Ϊǿ߳أɣû뵽Ȼһ˿Ϣ
鼮д˸ȱݣ·ڵľǿߵȫˣҲܵشκˣ϶Ѿˡ
Ͷ壬Զϳǿټ估ʱűһ˿
Ƚ޸
ҽʦ鼮Ժ⣬㲻ͼݣҽҲҽʦ֪ڵ޸Էơ
²ڷϻڶԷʣ޲ľ塣
ͬʱȡһö˵ҩιȥ
ѹּңҩָкܶ࣬˵һöȫóֻҪܻѶԷʲô

»ָ̬ʼΣĪ˿ͷȥͫһ
ֻ·˿ڣڶԷĹ£ۿɼĻָ֮ǰʧѪɫҲȻɻ˯ϿѾû֮ǰû̫ˡ
ƾ޸
Īš
֮ǰȻǰλʩչҽѨȻ󿪳ҩ
޸ƣ޲жྫ
ѵǡƷ
ͫһ
ƷˣͨеΪֻǴ˵֮Уû뵽Ȼۼ
ܴĹʦָöǿ
ѹʦʦĸԸΪ֣

·ϵһ޸˿
Ժٴγµ鼮һۣɫࡣ
ʦ·ô̲ס
û̫⣬ʶ˳˯֪ʲôʱܹ
·ܵʵ̫ˣ˫ܽϵƣȫָʶϵȴΪ
Ҳ˵ڵֲһпѣҲпԶѲ
ô죿Žʵ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷٴ¶į֮ɫ
Ȼҽʦ鼮Լ֪ʶҲ벻õĽ
м޷ͻơȫƣʶ֮꣬죬ܰʲôæ
û취ʦƣĪ̲ס廰
ʦ
ɫѿ
ʦǼٵģڵġ
λˡԼû취͵ڶԷҲû취
˵Ʒϵʦı˵ΪֹӰʶꡣ·ֻ˯ּʦʶܽ份ѣ
Īŵ
Ӱʶꣿȭͷһ
ͶԷ˵һ·ֻʶ˯ܽʶܻѡ
ţȻ˵ģʦԽߣֶԽ࣬벻취δظ߼ûС
Ī
ͷ
ͺ̥ǺͶûнʦþУȻͬѣٵ˷
·ڵΪ漶ˣ࣬иõķ
һȥʦڴ֮ǰ
뵽⣬˲٣۾һɱڷڶ羪Σضû
Ҫѩޣ


413 ԯʵ
ΪϢըʱִˣܽģԸ⶯ɱˣ˭벻Ϊ㣬·塣
֪ӦСհ硢ͳ춼ɱˣҲͲˡ
𣿡
Īüһ϶Ҫ㡭ԯ˽𣿡
ҡͷ
ԯΪĸ߹ȣϸϢҲҪܷ֪˺٣ܹȻڷڲ⣬˹ۿġ
ˣԺе֪ʶԯҲǣܾͺԣ㿴⣬Ҳ˽ⲻࡣ
ȼϣ֪ĲǺ
뱨𣿡
ƤһĪһۡ
湻ģҪĶԯ̫ӣϹأʱǻȨĴڡ
ȫԵһ֮֮ս
Ȳ˵жٱʿܵ˵ĿͲǵǹƥܹӲġ
ӵкʦһʵ
ңʵҪɱ˼ҿȹ̫ӣ϶Ҳܵ鷳С
ҪԯһĵλҪﵽ𾳣һҪﵽϣڵΪȻ벽޵Уɺǿ߱ȡǲһЩ
һ£ĪñȽк͵Դǵ
ǰλոʧȥѧ˵̫ˣ̼Է鷳
ǲЩǿߣȫûз֮֡
𾳣ߵ۷壬ﵽڣӵ򶦵۷
ǿҲֻвһǧͶ򶦵𣬻ǲһء
οΪﵽֵزֻһ׼ͻ۷ӦٶȡʶǶѧ⣬ʦԱġ
֪ͺãҵǡºʦȾͿʼˣڲմ鷳ֻҪμӴȣܻòΡͿԴ̣Ҫʦ㱨𣡽ʱ˳£û˻˵ʲôҲ㡢򵥣
Լ뷨˵˳Ī
ºҪʦˣʵǿȥһˣΣգô죿
ȲμӴȣӮκ͵λʱЯ޵֮¾Ҫ̻Ҳ̻ˡ
ʦĵλߣȴҲԵġ
ʦԯˣ˻һ䡣
ֻоиǿʵʶǱޣӣû˸֮ΪС
Ȼ˵ٶ඼Ǹơ
ҵȲš·ҲԸҵȣ
һۻԲѵѧĿ硣
̫ãֻϦ
·度ôңң£ʲôЦ
ʵ벽ûﵽô𣿾룬ҲҪӵ۷壬ŸҹȥȻױɱ
ѾĪЩż
һﵽô£
Ҷ˵ˣԯǿ߶Һ벽ûﵽܹȥʲô
Ҫ֪ڣ۷嶼һץһѣ޵УҪﵽ벽ˡ
۷ŸȥҲ򵥣
򵥣ѵʲô취˵ţĪ۾һ
̣Լˡ
˵ţôܸɳ³ç£
˿ʵʲộţͼһţܼ򵥣⼸취ͻƵ۷岻ˣ
ۣ
һΣĪûԼĿˮǺ
꣡
õвУ
ߵؿѶ֮󣬱ʦʤ
ΪǲгĴײ˰һһѣһץһѣ
⼸취ͻơ
ܺú˵
ҪǸЩʦ۷϶ĵ
Ϊʲôð취ԭ
ţȰȰʦ
ʵ̲סһŮ
Ȱʦ˵ĶԣȰһɻ

Īץ񣺡ǿ𣡲ôͻƵģ˵죬ȫҲͻƲ˰
ʦӱѨڣ˸£ǵʱ򣬲ͨ۷壬Ѿʦ۷ˣ̶ʮ졭û£İɣ
Űο
һ·ţƵ£ʦ϶˵ͻ𣬾˵ﵽҲš
£㿴һһէġ
Īꡣ
ⶼǡʲô
ͻ𣬷ǵ桢ֻţȫΪȻ
æ֣ӱ˿ȥ
ȫһӵĿ˼˵ûӡ
һΣĪѪ
һʦȻһȺѧӡû
ϸһ룬˵Ҳԡ
ǰһóĦʦʱ򣬲ŸͻƵʦսּҵʱѾʦ۷ˡ
òҲ͹죡
ͻʦôף˵һɡ
ܴﵽ۷壬ʵϲ⣬ǷĴλ磬֣սһ¡⵽ʦõ
ǿסӵƣϾĪ
ʦòҪʦ𣿡üͷһ壬⡣
ʦãʦ֯
ʦ裬ȻҪɱűͲˣӻ֣
ʦҪʦǣһͲһˣһֵȼĴɱȻ붯ңŪûսͿ̿ʧΪ˷ֹ鷢ʦÿ»ѡԷ㣡ϾֻǸǳʦ󡭡
Īŵ˵ԯʦãںദ˲֪ãеطһˣóȻȥܵż
⡭
ͣ
˵ջ𣬵пʵ
ʦôڵĿģΪάһƽս
ԼһȥҪɱ˼̫ӡȰ趼ܡ
οʦٳ⣬ɴԯǲ֪꣬϶ʣƾһʦݣҪԷܲʣȷ
˽и顣
ȷǸ⣡
ͨЩͷ̲סѵûʲô취
Уǡ̫ˣ
Īҡͷ
Ŷ
Ҫԯʦã鷳æǾҪ취ĻĪ
ҵĻ˼ѵǡãһ㶡
һطʦãһλʦĻȷһ취Ǿǡã
ݵ߹һ
ƾʵᴳʦãֻҪͨʲôʵҪʦöӡ
ʣʦõ鼮йأԷһ˵ʱ
ǴãֻԯʦȻﵽǼʵҲﵽ벽Ҫãѣûʦʵɣ
Ī껺
ԯʦõϣﵽǼʵǿĿ¡
ǣ棬νı絤һûоʵ֪ʶǲܳɹġ
ʶȤȥµҲˡҪλ̫ӡ
۾һУȭͷҲ⣬һ¡ԣ


414 ԯ
·ΪԲҪΪ˶Էʲô£
һΪΣ
һʦΪΣ
·壬ģҽ˳ܶԷ˭Ϊʦ㱨
ðɡ
֪ǰһѾȰ費ˣĪεҡͷٶ˵ô죿
ȥԯ
ͷкһһХХ޷˹ڸǰ
ֻȥҵ𾳵Ĺʵ
Ȼһжûá
˵һû㹻ʵһжǰ׳Ūû
ԯĹԯǣʮХް벽ʵȫУҲߡʱ䣡
Ī
Ϊԯռظ⵽Էǣߡܿˡ
ߡ죿һ㶡
ôãǴʱˡ
ĪͷǰѾǰ벽ٶȼˣǴﵽҾܵȻֻϹȥ
벽ֻһС𣬶Է˵ȴٶһֹ
ܿôࣿǾͻơͷ
ͻƣĪЦ
ˣǰһﲻһʦһλǿѱʦǶġŹѱ޷ڶɶͷԣ֪׺ԭͻơ
̧ͷȥȻѾ֣Х޸ǰһȭȥ
أ
ȭͷںϣѱʦ޼ɵǩԼ϶Ҳ𷴸С
ͷһﵹãȭ˷ܵĲͣУԭһ⡣
ỹ⸱飬ҲǶһˡ
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418 ͷ
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ǰͷָ㣺İɣսʮΣ׬ȡʮѪˣҲ̰࣡

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߲۾󣬿һѪԻ
Ǹ
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ǰҪﵽ۷ˣЩϣڡҲã
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ǡ
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ֻѧ˼ַԣܲܳɹɹˣͿҪ֮ǰ˵ķˣ

֮ǰķ
⻰лóһ
Ϊһܵ⿴飬ּôѱѾ뷨û뵽ǵ


426 Ե
Ϲѧϰַ϶У
κ೤Ĳ廰
ڿҪȥѧϰһһҹ飬Ϊѧʲôû뵽ֻѧ˼ַ㲻Цİɣ
һܲܽͨδֻ֪ἸַöԷ᣿
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ΪһŵġɣѾ˺ܴգû뵽ǹҵġ
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ֻһûóԷԵģҲûóʲôȤģüͷ;˰죬ͻȻʺзһֵ

Ǵף˭ҲǺ˼
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427 ֮
֮ϹһʹõԣֻҪӵѪδﵽһԳѪͻѹȣӶֱѱ
ͷޣղŻڣ޲ýǰʦˣһ̾ſڵϣ͹һִڴ˵еԣʵ벻ͨʲô취ܹ
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ô᣿
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Ѳɡ
ͫһ
˵Уһ崩죬ǧ򻯣ΪޡΪˡΪ顢Ϊܹ֡ϳ
һüǳ޲øЬӣһȭĻͷڵװſˮ˵˼ýԳ𣬺õĸһ
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ǡѱ˰ɣѱҲڸıô찡

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ɶʱӵѪİ벽ޣҲôףôҪˣ
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ԯãۻһҲġʮΣһ±ѹһ룬˭ۡ
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ԯֻһŵѣڣ϶Ҫȥ˵ģϣ͸˳ˮ顣
ȻղŶԷѪ㽫ͷ޷Ҳô
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⡭лóκ೤ͬʱһۿһ졣
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֮ǰöԷǸ̰ļһ֪ڲ֪˼Ҹ˼
Ѫá
ȻһͷʱͻƵİ벽ޱȣ˵ʮѪҺһٵΣҲȫȲϣ
ôޣƤգͳȥô̰ͼһЩѪ
ǡˣŵİôֻΪһЩС
ͬʱðһ뷨˶ǰλʦ̬ȳ׸Ĺۡ
Ϊĺ˵Щʲôͼǰһ£ڵŶˣ޳ãǲҲʾһ£ʲôûõʯĵҩҩ֮ģװһġ

лóκ೤ϡ


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ڵҩҩ֮࣬þУҲ޵ģȥŪôࣿ
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429 ǿˣ£
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֪̤ף΢΢һЦƿеѪתڶأٴۿɼӡ
10100
10200
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30000
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431 ԯϣ
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֪˵ĶԻǹֱͬ꣬©˹ȥ
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ͫһæһȫͬʱһ

ΧĿĳǹٶ˲

һ̣ǹⱻģһҪȴ޿κε򾡣
꣡
һǹ˲䱻أؿһƣٴκʮֽ
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ȭͷһ
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ʵ̫Ҫа벽ղҾˣϧ۷壬̫Զ֪ȱݣɡҺΣ
һЦΪ˱ʾľ⣬һȫɱ㣡
˵Ķԣ
ԶԷв޾ɫ˵ͷҵĹȷ̫۷ȷû취㣡
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һֱ۷壬֪Էȱݣ֪е©ҪʤҲûпܣ
ٹʮΣҲֱͬԷסľ档
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֮ǰһֱûãﵽ벽ʱһٳڿסˡ
䣡
ӽУ̻һɿ񱩵˲ž
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κ೤Ҳ彩ֱ
ͻƣҪҪǶԹͶƿء
һͻСûκͣЪǶ˽⵽˺ֵز
Ҫ֪Դ֮磬˫н
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ʷϣвߣçײ̷ĵرӶ޷ܣֱըɷĩġ
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Բע⣬Ϊʹڣﵽ۷壬һϾҪ벽
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ȭһλˮˣȭ֪˵ֻ֣֪ȭдϽˮ֮һ˫
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ӡκû˵ȴһأԣҲĬʵ
ĻǿߣһĿֲ˵Ӻ֣ҪʤҲҪһֽš

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ۣ֮ԿһСǿߡ
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֮ȭϻԻ͵γһȭ磬ӽâм˹ȥ
ɶ񣡡
û뵽ʩչâɱԷһȭ࣬һת˰Ȧǰһ⡣

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ɫһס
𾳣ֽ򶦾˼ͻ򶦣ƾܺѹ˫
ﵽּÿһСһ򶦵
ڣպӵ򶦵
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ﵽʮΣƾȭƳҵĽ⣬ŶûУ
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趯âһ⣬գ۹ȫͬˮγһȦ
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Ӻͷýڲȡ˷й޹ûǿ߱һ벽ƵֻܷҲҲ
УɱǷ
âȫֵܲ͸磬ȭͷǿҲͨˡ
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֪ɱԷѾˣֱӲȡơ
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ȷûкð취ⲼȫͣתҲ϶Ҳ򵽽⾳ȻҪƿƣѣ
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ȡƣʣǷâĽȭͷټӲҲǷ̥壬ôܺԷƵĽӲ
Ǻ˲ңҲ˲㣡ȻѾˣǾʹգˮˮΣ
סԷĹ˿Զ꣬ڵ
Էնɱ谮ӣ뽫ɱϡȴ֣ǵɱˣŪԼãֻúһ
ˣô࣬ѡһµĳλһԼɱɶûˡ
˲㣿ҡͷ̫˰ɣ
ôҽȫ㻹ȭͷƿɣ
ЦǣҲ˽⣬ԽԽ⡭𣿡
Ц
Ϊ⣬벻ë֮أʮ꣬ųɹͻƣǰһʮ̥ʼ٣
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ⶫȻûƣÿ˶ü֣Ҫһޣ뻨
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Ϊ⼶̫ˣ
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Х졭ǡǡȽġľ
ͷƤըǰһڡ


444 һն
ģΪƣ֮ǽС
֮һȾǳɵĲɡ
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ΪʩչݺᣬԷذɣɱҲܱݰ֣ζû뵽Էں˼ҶԽҪȻﵽ֮
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λʦʵߣڿΪѧҪԿû꣬ԶԵʦƺš

˼һ˷ܵǳݣ̨ϣҪߣ۾һС
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ڶԷϣһ޴Ѫڣɲ
Զȴ˲٣ȻһͿԽ롣
Ѫ
ܵϵʹ֪̫ԶеʱɱϼҲعɡһҧѪȼգٶȶȻһ
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445 Ī
Īѩһֱ뽫ŮһŮۣˣĪȻͲȴСĿȾʮ־ͨ
ԯµĹԱԼǿöࡣ

Է΢㵣̲סڣʵմﵽʦɡ
ԯأһʦΪˣҪΪ䣬ѹķЩ˵Ρ
ΪǵЩʵѾǾˣԺֻҪԴ㹻ʱķѣ
ĪֻǸһˣ;ʵһԯԴضܸͻͽԺﵽ۷壬벽ǲܡ
츳أĶûǿѹǵѣ
һ˶ϷԷЩٴε
һ֮˭ܵģҪоȻηڣĸԸĻ
ʵǿеں֧֣ŪҲᱻ˰ɱ
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452 ͼҩϣ
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453 ͼҩУ
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絤ǿǶԻǿ߶õĶޱȣÿһöۣԶ乭ܹġ
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454 ͼҩ£
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ƿڵĻߺһۣʵ̲סʲô˼
СˡԷҲһ¶㲻һĺ«ﵽʲôҩ
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мĵ˵ͷʵ޻˴ʲôλҪ£ҪѶʯ
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100ʯһ㶡
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ҲԣһƳҪչԼļֵ
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476 Ҫָγϣ
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ͨߣǻǿߣܷУֻܽޣ۳¡ⱾȻǺų죬񲻱Է첢磿
У룬ǰĴȻݣеļ֪
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23ŰλĻߡ

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Է˵ЩȷڵѣҲûкð취ֻܵʱָʦλ벽ʦܽ
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478 ʦ
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ͷ
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479 ԵƬ
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ΪݡΪѵǡɻ󡿣
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ܼû汾ҲУ㿴Ǹ̬ȣǸʱ˯ŵ̬
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۷ɱҪľ̶ȴﵽ12.0ʦһоͱԻã֪ôġ
ؼʱ̣ͼݵҵȱݡ
ʱ֪̫ΣգզˣȥһһȫߵֹͣŶһ١
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Ŷ٣᳤֣һ飺У弶󣬶ҡֻͼû졢
麣ʦᣬߵ᳤ֻ֣۷壬ò弶󷨣ȻҲû׼弶󷨵Ķ
οЩֵߣûﵽ빺򣬶û·
ֻͼ
üͷɸ
ѵŪ˰죬ǿˣǴأˮһգֻŪ˸ģľ
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486 
ǰ
᳤֣ͷͼǵ칫ʱһλʦµģȻǼĹᣬҪ弶ͼҪǰܲ룬δܹõ
ʦͼʦĵһʲôʲôģʵûﵽӴֻẦԼ
ˣܲȷ涨麣Ǽķֲֻܱļ󷨣Ҫ߼Ҫǰ룬һۣɡ
ңõĻֻ򵥵弶̫ģֻн߼ķֲʸѧ
ͼô鷳˵ˡ
ѵҪȥ߼ʦ᣿
ҪҪôӣ
˰죬ûͼֲܲܿð
󷨼ԽߣԽǿҪҲԽ۲ʻƷӲҪ󡭡ܲΪһܵʦѧϰɣ
Ȳ˵ʱ䣬麣ǵʦᣬҲ󷨹һǣѧˣҲδҵʡ桢췽ʵƷ
üģơ
Ϊ£죬һܽôû뵽˺üʱûн
ʵûҲܲ弶󷨵ģ
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ţһ㶡
ͨѧϰ֪Ҫ󣬱ӲԹ涨û취ģѲɻ·
˵
᳤֣ʲô˵һ룬漴ҡͷⲻɵģʲôЦ
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㲻˵Щ̻弶󷨵Ŀհ̣ڼõһ飬ӲޱȣûרŵĿ̵·ε̣
᳤֣ͣҡͷ
󷨵ļԽߣ̲ҪҲͬԽߣȻûʹþͳܲסѣҪŻʲôã
ǹֻʦõĿ̵弶հ̣Ҳ̻޷γ·˵Ūˡ
弶ͼùҿʵû취ֻܾʹգ
֪Է˵ĺܶԣòץһݣǿڵ
ã
᳤֣֣ͷһһƺһհ̳ǰ
ƷˣһֱЯ
ӹƣС
͸ղŵļһ弶¼У÷ƷҪ󡭡Ŀ
ܿ쿴һ飬ͬʱǵԺ
ȷѣ
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弶󷨺ļֻһȼȴΪﲻ졢Ҳó
һһʦ˵ƿزס¯п񱩵ҲƳƷƷĵҩ
ƣҲûҪЩְҵļ𻮷ֵôϸˡ
ͼݣҳ©Ӧлɹ
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ⶫͨڣּ֪ʲôƶɣһĻһͭ⻬롣
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Է˵Ķԣ̫ˣ̶̲ӵиķҲûð
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弶հ̣ƾŴʦƶɣӲޱȣ鼶Ʒ̵鼶Ʒϱ⣬ºۼȱ㣺
дȱݡ
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鼶Ʒ̵弶ʦרû취õɡ鼶ƷһЩǿ߾У麣ǲѰңǰλѼ˲ּı
ڱ⣬ĶˣȻ⣡
⣬ƥȻһ𣬾ֲܹ
ԽԽе۾Ź⣬̧ͷ˹֪ôˣ˭鼶Ʒĳһ£
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ǵѴȥģѾˣû뵽ڶû
˵ĻȻʮֹӣôܡ
ȿȣҲֱ֪ʮָӣЩ飬˯һѾúܶˣҵĻˡģҰʱ϶ûɶˣ
һЦ᳤֣
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487 ˭е
꣬ʱ䣬Ż࣬ڶûѱֻϤˣ˭ֻ֪ǳһ䣬ֱԼ
ð
ܲܺúˣˣ
㵱үһĹţǵ֪жֱͶͱ
᳤ֻ֣ͬһ֮ؿҴܣʱ
ˡ
ɶ¡
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λˮĳʦڽɼ죿
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ѵƶæȥ
š
⻰᳤֣Ż˹ǿѹסҪѪĳ嶯ǰ꣬ɻ
Ҫ̻̰ɣҪʲô
ڿҪ̻̣ýɶ
ǿ̻̣弶հ̣Ʒ
أ
ǶԶǽڣ綤ǽϵľӡ
̶̹ã˫üһһϢȶһâ¡
⣿ľ磿
ķ˾޴᳤֣һ㶣ͫһ
ﵽأûľ磬û뵽ǰʮļһʹﵽˣġʲôģ
ƥͬһһΡ㲻ýưɣ
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弶ֻ̣дﵽ鼶ƷĿ̵̻ܿ·ּĶ˿϶ûСһﲻñϣⶫɣ
̵ɣ̻ϸ΢Ūֱý

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ʦ⣬϶֣ᷢѾһ⾳ȥα棬ľͨ

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ý̡̻ѹܹһλܵ˭
һѧѧܵˣŵ඼ֹͣˡ
߰Ŀ̵һֱýúͱһϸҲò˼顣

֪˶ãһգͣڴŴ
һ־ļб֣һֱά֣Ҵﵽϸ״̬Ҫ󼫸ߣƣ룡
ӣ᳤֣Ȱ裺ż̲һɵģ
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š
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ԽƿȻﵽ˽ľҲȷܳʱʹãһᣬѾЩŲסˡ
ȥܷǵ޷̻ŪûΪ״̬ȣ֮ǰŬһ
Խ򣬱һװˮƿӣͣ㵹ܻɵġ
üͷ˼ڵ״̬ͲҪˣֻ̣̻˲һ롭Ҫٴεûһĵ
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᳤֣֪뷨϶ǾǲǷˡ
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ӹ᳤֣ɫһ죬Ρ
飬ͨԭ˲ԸҲʹ
Ϊ˼ңǿռУǵŪûԷС
ŷУҲʹã飬ܳ۸ü۸
ΪλʦԼԼںڣ׸ˣû뵽˼ҾȻĻ˻û˿̰ī˼
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һҧǰһơ
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ˣ
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촽һףƶ£᳤֣ѽˡ
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488 
˵ԼʮֺܴΪѻ⵶ҲˣҪҪô죿
ǿԼԺϣѱˡɶʱô˵ˣ
Ҫô˵С꣬ÿã󡭡Ϊɶƨòܣ
᳤֣˫۷Σ˵ͼǰʦһһɵӵŴ󵶻裬ǰ˹ȥ
Сġ
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ֻԻ͵ĵ̣Ӵһ·
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۾ڣ᳤֣
ѧϰ󷨰ʮ꣬һΪʻ̸̻ԶˣԷľٶףô¡
츳ǿý̻
ô
϶ܰ
붼ġ

󵶺̽Ӵ⻬羵Բϣ·ԽԽ࣬ԽԽܡ
᳤֣öԷ϶һ̻֮ɹʱȴеĳһӣ˲ͷϵĺˮһڴĿ˭гǹ
ˡ
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ǹâɨÿһ¶֮ǰĵһһơ
ؿڣ᳤֣ѫ
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˿̻̣Ʒˣɴɶϡ
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صأ죬ʱ߶ȼС
ʹֱ⣬Ȼ;ƿݿҪѪıԵǰ̣ȴҲϾҪ̻ˡ
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˫۷Ź⣬гǹһһĻߣ̵ֱм䡣
¡
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̶̹ǽϿ̻̼Ӳ𻵣ǽһʦõҶѻɣҲܲסǵǽĿ
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δ䣬ͼ᳤֣ҡҡͷ
ԣûɹӦû飬ⶫԲһϢ˳ûܵκˣ

ѫס
Է˵Ĳ
ǽһ󣬵ڰƴСԲϣǣֻҪһͻᵼǰ߷ֱƬ
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⸱ӣЩֵ֣˹ȥ
ǼʦͼݵҪ˵Ա⣬治ǰλ
¼ʮˣͼ̻֪Ĳ࣬ͼû⣬󣬾ܹġ
ڶԷġ

ûüϸ͸еһգⶫһٴηɻ
ȻˡȻˣ
ɫǺ죬˲ͣ
ôˣ
⸱̬ȣǷʲô᳤֣Ҳ̲סæʵ
ǲûɹѫҲڡ
ûɹһƽҡҡͷôܣ
ǡȫգ۾Ҳ֡
ɹˣô޷
ղ̣һģԶ뿪ѵû
Ǽ⡭Եı֣ҲʺϣԶ뿪
ԣ˼ǡ顿⡢⡢⡭
˵⡱᳤֣ŷӦ۾Բ彩ֱ·˹һûǡ̲еֻǸ弶̣ôܹ
ԣѫҲѣҴеԲ̿ȥ
ԽԽףʱΪԼֱӷ
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̬ȶ÷Ի󣬿˹
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ԣ᳤֣µ
ԣԣʲô𡭡ͷ
˵ûע⣬һ˵淢ˡ
ọ֮̈ǰڽһ浮ԣֻƳԼҲûע⣬ûˡ
̣ͨΪ޿̻ǲϻֻһңʵ͵ĻһӲ
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ͷ
֮ǰʱԣ֪ˣΪ档
ֻ̣ͨһ֣ڲԵġȫͬˣ
ɫף᳤֣òԵ̣ܷӴųɵܰʱƣɳԽԽ󣡡
Ҫ䣬


489 ۹
ӵԵ̣ܹԼҪǣҪԶ
û̫ʵȴúܴ
磬Σգû취Ӵ̣Եıܾһ
ˣ̣ϲıƷ֮һ
ֻⶫҪǼʦ̻ܿɣңÿζܳɹҪкܴڡ
ǰֻ˵δԲһʱû뵽
ȷϣţһȻ̳һ
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𾪹ٴοʦ᳤֣̾Ϣ
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ףһ˽ţһ֣޷ﵽֻġ
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Ҫʵɣǲһλʦαװɡ
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̫ˣ
ʧܣ˿һȻеһɻϲݶ
󷨼صĵ̷ʹ˽⡢⡢ǹ⣬ٺͨͬòš

Ѫ棬漴еԣľͨ

һף̼Բǧ׵ˮ۶Ϊ̫ң죬紵ɽ
ǿ
Χ˺һգȫһ
弶󷨣֮󣬿ֲ˹
ȻڣȴҲܸܵŨ̶ȣϣ
ʱٶȾԿü
ңԵ̣ˣԶ޸ֻҪõ̫ƵܴӰ죬ʹȥ

ܵͼмصĲ࣬ĵͷһץ̧ͷ벻Զߡ
᳤֣֪հ̣ʲô۸񣿡
õĳ󵶡ǹֻǽãհȴǶԷǮģھΪУȻҪѯһ¼۸񣬲ܰñ˵Ķ
ʦﻰⶫҲûʲôã͸ˡ
᳤֣æ
Է̵̻ܿĴڣ䲻ǰ;޿⽻á
͸ң
üͷһ壬漴ҡͷ޹»ɣȻ㻹ûڽҾͰһѣǳ䵱̵ļ۸ˣ
˶ݣ˱˵һԸռˡ
Ҳܰ
᳤֣һ
̸һҪҪĶϦദ顭ȿȣҲܰæ
ôоæһ
ȻһЦӹڽḧ
ѾΪôٽң
ӣ᳤֣ҡͷ
İɣʦǼʦȻڽΪȻҲиõİ취ΪѲţź
λʦ̫ˡ
Է˵ܹɹǾһܳɣäĿˡ
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ĵԷ棬᳤֣Ҳϣ̲ס˹ȥ
뿴λóʲô˾ֶ̾Σ
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ѹסеƣ᳤֣ҡҡͷȰԷҪùءһڽֱ˹
æֽӹ̸ܵԼѣԡҪΪ

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궼ûԷһ䡰ַŪѾġͳɹˡ
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Ҳ֪±ϱܻᣬûﵽó󵶡ǹӲ̳һԵ̡
Է֮ǰľٶ᳤֣ɾͳ鴤
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496 
ʵѱʦ˵Ҳ
Ҫǡղ˵Ǽһʵ̫ǷˣһԳԿǰģݵ飬Դĵ񡭡
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δ䣬һŭıޱס˫ᣬͻȻ͵һ

סǱʲôҧһ㣬ֱӱһǿ󵽼Ϣϱŷ˫ײֱ˳

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508 ҿԽ
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509 ׻ʦм
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ҪΪҪᣬͶھɱ㡭

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̾ϢˣΪʦҲҪˣӰ
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ΪʦӰ
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ôԭͻ˵˵ʵҶǰɣԷţȴû֣

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ͷ˯˲֪׻ʦս˥ģʱʵڱһҭĿҪˣҲͲסֱӳ֡

Ĳһ·һεĴסֱ
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ɱңûôף
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ۻ
ڼԵͼݼ⣬ɷǿߵĹʱó
ֻܱԼһѾ˺ܹġ
ˣŹＤŭԷó֣û
ⶫΣһֻ֣ڲϳ
˵ԷֻǸ˯˲֪׻ѣʵѴﲻ۷壬ôܵסض޷ƵĻ
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ΪԷԳ֣ʦ϶Ҫùû뵽ͻȻðĶô׻ʦˣȫһ
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ҪղŻ治˵£Ѿûˣ
Ĥܹάּʱûɢüëһ͵ǰֱܳǰʯײ˹ȥ
֮ǰ֪ԷģֶҲû취ڣԷʩչ似ͼݲλñעȱҲ˳
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ﵽһ۷壬̺ʮ򶦾ʯܵסʱɷĩĴɽ
һײʯͷûͣЪǰȥգ۹ײĸǰΪ϶Ҫ򿪹׸ǣȴһŻһӰΧʮ¡
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һʮ£ĵĵطûκιɣҲأͨʯܹ٣ɶԹײָʦƵƷûκˣ˸㲻ʲô
꣬ͣûκζֵʱͻȻתͷ
ã
һ£ʱ׹һһֱ˹ȥ
ʦ̵ʱùһΣʦȻҪ϶
һģվڹײĸǰһ䣬һŨı⣬̴ȶ

â磬Ϣ纣ֱ
䣡
͹ײһӴ޴ĺǵȼըҩ̱ը޴صĹײİ壬ΧȥӲ˼ʵǽϡ
ƣ˯Ҳǡǳף㻯Ҳû취ʦһƿôܣ
һĻûиоͣҪˡ
ף˵ǡʦڽ𣬲Ƶĳף
⸱ӣһ£ʲôͻȻͫһ
Ǹǳףͷ
˵ⶫһû취ƿ˭򲻿ôҲˡ
ΪԺܶ౦Ҳš
ͨĹײģΪƷ֮ǰĿڣͱΪƷףþ죬ޱȣ鼶ƷҪƿܡ
Ʒ֮ϣǳ
ףʦƣһĵĹ޷򿪣ǳ˻ء
ˣСƣ˯Ҳǣ˵
ܶΪǿˣΪ˷ֹ󱻴ţ˴Ĺײģܱʬ岻ֹܷС֮š
۷ǿ߶޷ƿĹײģ˿̾Ȼʦһըķѣβ𾪣
ûͲˡ
һۿȱݣһ»׻ʦһƿס
ͨ޵С
λʦֻǻһأ


510 
˵𾪻ûͿֳֳû˿ͣЪԹײ¶ʬ˹ȥ

ʬ͵һӴ̻촷ۣĴƮɢ
أգô֮ܵ£ɷĩ
ΪﵽأӣҲ覣иɻʯһ㣬ˮ粻ˡ
ˣɳױӦҲǹŶԣôһ¾ͱɷĩˣ
ѵʦĵǿ󣿡
ԣʦĵȻҲǿһ¾ͽǿߵնɷĩģ
Ӻ˫ص˹
ղ˼ʱ˵ҩѾָ˲١
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Ӻҡҡͷ
ˢˢǰȥ
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£˽һĺ
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ʱһû֮ǰŰ裬ǳ˾֣ƺǲš
ʲôֻǽڳѣ
һЦײµĵһһڵǰ
ƴСĪһа֮УƣÿƬҶϣбһ롣
ղ̳룬Ϊ˴ⶫ档
׵ĹѨ޷Ƴĳ£Ȼһ˹˶õһš

˵ĸӣʵĹѨ˹ڣѣۻɢĹȦʧ
ѵǡ
һĻһ񣬳˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ뵽ʲôͫ͵ٴβ
ʲôֵҲˡ
ȻŹʶҲʲôʶ
ǣ׻ʦƷ֪ľͲࡣ
˵׻ʦң壬ʣ̲ס
ʣ۾Բ
ʣֻҪٶ֮죬Զߣ̾
ܹʡ
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ǰЩԾ˵ɡ
ôˣ
棬û´ĹѨ˵ʬ壬ӦҲǱˣȻһصʬ壬Ϊ̳

ţͷ
ղǾ֣صʬ壬գôһӴͻɻңڿӦǱ곤·Ĺɸɾ
ʬյӦúܱܿĹѨ˵۳£ôɳ˯ĹѨҪǣ
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⡭
Ҳһ㶡
԰ȻеʥɱΪҪˣۣ
ⲻǳԱ˳ŵģǸʲô
Ҳ㲻ʦ϶֪Ȼܣֱƿײģڳ
ţٴοȥ
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ѹһֱҲԴ˹ײܹҵ
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㡢㡭ֻҪңʲô˵׻ʦѼ˲ٱԶ㣬Ҳ͸㡭
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͸ңһҪء
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ڴ֮
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ղŲڵµģΧȫʯɸɾɷĩԶԶȥǵĳ
ʹþ󣬳ȡʯһķȻһ۾Ϳ˳
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Է·ȫ֪ȫܣľȫ֪
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Ե࣬ԣҪʵܶܵӰ졣
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γٴνУâ䣬ֻҪһﲻ˵ͻٴȥ
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вһ£æڣһλ׻ʦΪﵽ˻۷壬ϧṳ̂һȻ겻˾ͷ
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Ȼ׻ʦԼˣҪ˵ϣ϶Լʡ
ʱҷꡭ
ⶫ׻ʦֻҪõȫԱһ֮壬̣̤Ǹؿ߾磡ǣҿʼź£ľҲ޽ĹѨΪܰĵⶫ
ţ˵ͷ
֮ǰǾɻ󣬼Ȼ׻ʦܹʬ壬ΪҪ޽ĹѨ̶ˮ֮£
ڿǱ˶ĿĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ
ⶫºУ׻ʦ֪Ͳˡ
ԣŪ˸
׻ʦȻҲҪ˥Ҳģ޽ĹѨ£׻ʦΪˣ뵽õһ
ȻΪⶫôڶûɹ
׻ʦˣĹѨ϶ӾԶ˳£Ӧ˰ɣôûɹ
ΪҪǳɹ϶ͱˣôܻУ޷뿪
ҡ
ʻһ£ĹѨ޳ɣթ֮󣬾ͿʼⶫΪҵʵ;飬ֵܿɹٴθ˭֪Ҳû뵽ʧˣ
ʧܣ֣Ȼթ϶֪ôʧܣ
һǰ׼ôãȫﶼһʯڵ£ϧ칤ʦĹѨʦײģôʧܣ
ΪΪ
ĹѨŲƺʲôֵ顣
⡭ⲻһǡ


511 ʼĩ

Σüͷ𣬲ԣһҲȫǹŹ֣ƺδ֡
ǣųʥԱɡʦ½δֹĶҪָȼԿԳƵˣĹѨ˵
ͬʱզ࣬ԭء
͹һͬΪʥ顢ʥѱˣҲı߼ֻڴ˵Уʦ½ܲҵһδ֪
ĶȻּĶ
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ǵʦ޷õı
ǿȻܳɹҶɸɾҲ޷뿪һꡭ
˵⣬ĹѨԵʮơ
Ҳѹ֣Ӵ˰أһɳ졣ζû뵽ǵûɹ޷ûƵķͺܲˡ
ͺץ˼һز֪꣬޷뿪ܼ尾ڣһ־Ѿǳǿˡ
ԣҽеһԼûָɣ

ǣĹѨӦһ꣬ʱ޿̲һħƣ֪˶ã뵽һ
ңȻûҲûɣ˵ûɱҵʱҵһ棬ȥ
ͺˣÿ꣬ͻҸ
ҪֻǸѣֻҪҵ棬ຣڵĹѨˡ
ͨЩҾͿʼŬ꣬˲֪ãҷһʵҲ̫ˣֻлҡΪô͵ʵ˶ãͻᱻ˥ɸɾԶ˭֪ʱĹļһˣ
һ㶣漴ȫ
ɫһ졣
ڲݣЩˡ
Ͼְҵ㲻ϹʣС͵Сһϲ̨档
ǣ˸󵨵뷨⽫ĻأŪԼһЩ˳룬Ȼ󡭡ȥᣡ
ĹѨ˽ŵȻɹˣһΪη壬æ뿪˴˵ءҵ뷨ܼ򵥣ɹ󣬽޻ˣǰȻѡһʵģҡ˭֪һᶨټ϶ʵһֱûɹ󻹱һʵµɱ
˵⣬ͣŨŨԹ
ȿȣ˵ʵµӣǿЩεͷ
Ǹ꣬Ҫүڵɣϸ˵ʵԷȣȷĲֵһᡣ
⣬Ҳȫ׹
ѹļһһô˳ߣԭǹ뿪ĿΪǰ
ƻãζû뵽̬֪ѶѪ۳Ļǣɱɾ
ȵȡ
˰֣üͷһ忴˹Ȼܷ뿪ΪλҪˣ
ȻһĿܷһֻ뿪ˣΪλҪ˹취᣿
ϾҲһ֣˼ά˼룬Ѿ൱ˡ
ҡǷ꣬꣬뿪ʱܵش˶ãɹҲֻα겻αҪⶫµ桭
ĹѨ˵
ǡΪβֱӹƻ㣿һ뿪֮ٲû취ʵ
ĹѨ֪꣬һôȷϣԷһ˹취ƻԼ˵
Ĺߣ޷
ĹѨ˵ңͣĲˣټʵôͣʲôãҪ𣿡
ɫһ졣
û뵽ǿձ꣬Ҳˡ
ͣͷ
˵ͨˡ
׻ʦᣬж˥ÿһΣ˥һΣȻˣҪ֣Ūõģʹպϡ粻˷ѻᡣ
ҷֳǵ걻𣬱Ϊûϣû뵽ˡͼˣĹѨ˵
Ȼһǳ壬Թؿ壬ûǽӴǻԶӶ

ǣĹѨûзϡ
ֱʱô£ͬʱð亹
֮ǰһ˵ĺǽпˣڿҪҳɹˣѾĻɣ׶ᡣ
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԰Էüͷ𣺡ʵôǿӦÿֱӽŪɰɣ
ȻһǻʦúܲóЩʵǿصŪӦòѰɣ
ΪλҪô鷳
һ°ɣ
ɫȻĿǲôǡ
ɻ
ԭ򡣵һ׻ʦս˥ǿжûȡ꣬кܴ˺ڶܿƻء͵ϮңѾþȫˣҪôսɱȻ϶ͶˣһֱûԸǣ֣

Էʩչ似ͼ鼮è塣
ȻҲ£ֱӳȥڳˡ
סܽӳƻأͺˣҪܽĨɱҲͲ˴ˡ
ŻȻ
ѹǿȺҪηηţͷ¶βԭһҲͽɢƣЩأʵκβǡ
ĹѨȻû뵽Լ޷ʵ£Ҳǰ꿴Ǿ֣˴ܸС
ţԷ֪ѹȣвԷڿһ˿ϣûˡ
һ룬ܹɢĵطƻص뷴϶ˡ
ˣ˵˵ɣ
鶼⿪ͷǿ׻ʦҲƷ˿
ͨգҪ뿪ֻܴ򿪶һȻⶫϣͿ϶뿪ķ
ҵȷû취ĹѨε
û취ɹ뿪
̲ס
һȻͿ϶ˣܲܶɹΪԼٴɣ
ҿá׻ʦֶ뿪ĹѨ˵
׻ʦֶΣ˲⡣
ϿĹѨϷиأֻҪ򿪣ֱͨϷˮ̶׻ʦ㣬ɷУɹֻҪԸ⸶ۣͬԴɳȥߣǲܷеģԡ˵ˣҲã
ĹѨ˵
У
ˢˢϿȥȻϷһʯЩŹ֣ôߵľ룬˵ˣ㻯صҲ޷ǰġ
˵ˡ


512 Уһᣡ
ȻʵԶߣȻҲһƿǲܷеġݶĻأߡʮףΧǽڹ⻬Ӳ޷ƿҪȥֱܣ
ô죿ѵҪ
ΪԷʲô·⣬һ
һ᲻ɹȻʹ׻ʦܹʹãҲİ
ãֲܷУҪ޷뿪ˡ
ҪһҶᣬȻҴ뿪򣬶ȥ㴢ٶ࣬Ҳгһ죬
ĹѨ˵
Ǹջû취뿪ԵٶҲгһ죬ᱻ
죬û˵ķݣ
һﵽʱ򻹲ģᣬһƣһã뿪㵣ˣڸѡ񣬵һҵˡʹӣԹԽ֪׻ʦֶθĬдҿ취
ˡʹӣĹѨһ㶣ˣǰΪʦ𣿡
ǸղţʱӦ취룬ᴫڵĹ޾˥ڡѾˣ֡
ҡĹѨһƵĿҪˡ
ҲԣղռƣԷҲûҳȷеλãΪʦʦͽݣ϶ᾡָڣΪޣΪ⣬ɱֻһ֮䣬գѾʴˡ
ڶأ
Ƭ̣ε
һƹ֪ˣɱ˼ɣ
Է˵ȻƽĹѨȴ֪Է϶ܹ̲סһ£ãīԸʦˡ
ǰһƿĹļı׶һֶκѾ뽫ŪҲǺܼ򵥵£ᣬˬӦ
˲֪֪꣬ŵ
ֻҪ˵ˣʲôУ
˵ȥԷͷ𣺡ڸʲô
ڷġĹѨīͣ
ž
иƨãǩԼң׻ʦⶼᣡֳһơ
Ц׻ʦֶô࣬ãŪ֪
Լ

ÿҪˣţԺŪһ£һ⣬һҪһÿ˭֪˼Ҹһף
ԼǺԼƵĶһǩͲΥ򣬻ɢ˭Ȳˡ
һûǿߣ̤־׻ʦԼһһصˣ
ԽԽƣҪץ
ôԸ⣿
ھᣬ͸еһ˹һֱ̻ǡ
ҴӦ
ܵԷɱɱһ򵥣īٲԥǰ׹һһֱ꣬Ժ
Լɣ
ˣ
еԺһŻǣɱ֪ԷѾһ봢ָ
ȥоокܴôС
ޱȣϣλҪ⴫һ£ˡ
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ǳʥıһϢй¶϶Ҫ⵽޾׷ɱ
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ʦģй¶ȥǴ׹ֻأó
֪ʲôƾ𣬶췢ġ
ţԷ䡢ӺˣҲԡ
Ҳ֪ƥﻳĵ
ţ⣬Ҳֶܿ飬Ǹײİ壬ʦƣǱˣ۵ĻӦҲֵܼƣ
ߣǿֽײĶˣһˣܲɶûõһָΧǶǽϹײİ
ǳ׵ϵĶʦƣޱȣȲ鼶۷Ҳ˿ˣ
óȥȻ͵ļ۸
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ʦˡ
֪˼˿ֶ飬һ£˻ҡҡͷ
ιҪʦ϶ȫûˣ붼롣
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ϣ
žͿܼңһ˷ܵ׸ǰһĹײİ壬һսָ

ˡ
ǰһʦҪңʲôıûУɻƫƫ̰ơ
Щײİ嶼ķˣһߣǲҪܽĻߣҲŹ
ô룬Է𣺡ǿСīĴߵĻҲһߣǺö

ˡ
ȿȡʦѼʵ֮磬ܻػǹײİ塭Ҫȳȥô
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ɡôߣ޷еĻǲ뿪ģ
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жѣ⣬һۣɫȻһᣡ
᣿
һͬʱ۾Բ
ļٵģ
㻯ǿߣܷУһһصˣȻ˵᣿
ţ
ͷһ⣺ʦһѣʲô
쳾̤첽£һ⴫Ҫ뿪ס˵ģ˼ǰֻܽжʦϡ
ʦߵĻ˶еģ֪ˣĽҲû취ѧϰ
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ʲô
˿ҪѪ
ǷСض޷£ôУȥֱ˿Űײһ򵥣
𺳵ͬʱҲ֣ʦ˷
ôڿʦ鼮ϣûйأ
ʦҲܲ治֪
ǵһ£
ٽͣһ˱ֱϷĻش˹ȥ
쳾̤첽
벽ʱֻڿд͵Ϊﵽһ۷壬崿άֵʱ䣬ȻҲ˲١
Ѿﵽʮ
ô̵ʱ䣬ͷһԶɴ򿪸ͨɳȥǺܼ򵥵ġ
ܷɣ
ƽض䣬ҳ顣
УĶǰֻлһأȴա
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ʦ׻ʦ£Ǳ˵ȥʦȻǰܵ
˰죬ͬʱðһ뷨
ܻ۳Ӣ¡
ֻܽãԲܵ
ʦ



513 Ȼ·ķ

˵𾪣ڻһ
ţָ磬͹ʯ˼¡
ӵͼݣ׷ֻе©֮ǰĳףų޷ƿʵҵȱݣãƿͻǳ򵥡
ǰҲһ
꣡
˼£һ죬ʯ򿪣һ˽ȥ
Ņ̀ͨͷȥһƬϷӦûһأ̶ˮ׵סй¶
һݣʮףȻһ޴ʯ編ƣ򿪣̶ˮ̳ǰ
ʱһأ˿̶ͨˮȴʲ

ɨһۣر󷨶˿̲ס̾һ
칤ʦЩصļɣȷѧϰһӣ޷ˡ
ԭصһᣬо쳾̤첽Ĳָ»ص˸ǰҵһӣϵ֮ͨС
ǣҲɣ׷С
ǶߣУȴʮּ򵥡
˳̶ˮȥܿصߣŸоһΡ
Ȼ׻Ĺʱ䲻ȴôû뵽ջǻ˳
лʦ
·ɣǰóϷ
ʦΣչȻǲͬǻۣӲŤת棬һص׻ʦΪʹӡ
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ģҪһҩģ֪˺δܹѰΪһ
ݡ黨Ҫ˵һ顣
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ҩĵطɵҩͬЧҸЯˣɹõģʴ
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525 ѻɹ
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黨ҩ԰ȷм꣬Ѿﵽ߰ˣóֻǡƷʯǻ۷ǿߣҲֻһö
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527 
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û´϶ļһ֪ʲôʺˣѧһֿⳤϵŵ³ô
סϵķħΣο˵ľһϣϿ̻·ͼΣ̵ãõٺҲǰ׷ѣ
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һ㶣ͬʱͷ
ǰο˵ľǿսģⳤŪѪû㹻·ͺۼҲȻ
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ֻʱⳤϣѪǰУѾ׵ĵط˫սҲڶУҲȻֲǷħûˡ
ʱ㣬ֵֶķħӦϾҪ
Ըⳤû£
˲֪ٿѪɫ׵ĸһⳤϣĵװ

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ħٳҲʱƣڣѾյ㡣
ˣ
ǹͣ˿ղһֱȱײ̣֮Կδ۲Χ
ʱϽ̲ס³һ
гǹһһ̲꣬סתͷ漴һŷ׵

һһǹֱӳ˹ȥ


536 һ
һħʦԿȻԷľ̶ȲʵҪǿĶ࣬ȫ⣬вĻйĴԹۡ
ˣû뵽ǰǸҰ׵ⳤϣΪҪ͵Ϯ
һǹþȫǹһâֱǰ
ⳤϸ˿ûüӦͿһ˳ǹֱͫһȻֱӱؿڣɶ
žણ
ǽϣһ֡
գ
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ⳤϣΨһħʦ۷ǿߣ˶ηĴڣһǹǽϣͬһŴ
ҪҪôţ
ⳤϣôҸǰˣ治ǹġ
˾ȵĳ˻ҲӦϳ˶Էɫһ죬Щ˼
ǿľܹɶһΪͼı졭
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Էû̵ͣħȱ㣬Ȼ𣬱ֻһӹ
Ҫɵ䵽ԷϣƵģһöûҲͰˡ˼û쵽ǿˣ
˸ݰ
ħܶԿ˿Ӱ졭շһ˸ʲôĹ
ǿҵЩˡ
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֪Թ˭޷ƣԷҲǱ⣬ڣһ£ⳤϰ˰֡
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ǡǹӲ̳ô໭
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ͬıʻǡ˭ǵڶֻ߲еڶ

ɼһ㶣ͬʱȻ
Ϊλóǹãֻĳϵ·ȻҲݺύпûʲôۼζû뵽Ȼӵĳɼȫһ
·ͬȷĪһȷ
ܲڶɣ
ҲǡİʮһȻҲû뵽λֳɼɫһ
ÿ̵ųѣŪô࣬Էǹõͬ·ļٵģ
ǶСˣһûô򵥣
üëһ
ԷֻǸʦûɶ֣ڿҪĶࡣ
óǹڼ̡ǰ붼ġ
ۿǲ˼顣
ҴƽûôףһЦ
ͬʻе֣һӣܹ֮Ტۡ

ĪҲ
õĿ̵ҲűȶԷ̻һѣǳ£
Ϊѡðĺû뵽Էһȣֻһͷ¿

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û뵽ʦ˵һ
ʦҲģһ־ͺӴƽ֣
ǰһΪǸ֮û뵽ʵ

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˶ΪӺ͸Цܹӱģ˭û뵽ɱ˷Īƥ
ˣһؿ˽ڽеڶء
ɼһܣһˣͱһϡ
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ʱϢѾָ˲٣ֻɫԲҰףҲЩήҡ
ǾͶˣǸղֻ·δ۲ϸ壡һЦ
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һ㶣Ҳüͷһ塣
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ڷħӰǵ£ԣ徳λӵǡľȻﵽľ磡
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ĸְҵû黭˲δۿĵ֣֪еѶȡ
״ѧֵ죬Ҳй⣬ʮο
ʦֻ̻İʮ·ҵ·٣ǿ̻ǡһǿ²þ
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ţͷһܣ֪ʲô
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ڷħ£徳Ʒǣ
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ڳʦҲûκʣĪʾͬ⡣
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û
ӻǿ󣬲Ƕڵ
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ԼȻõ˵һ仨һЦתͷԶüëһʦ˼ܺ㲢еڶˣ
㲻ǸղŪĶܴΣǹԹԵİ֣Ϊ

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˵תͷƽϵ̣ɫһˣװʲôװҹɻ
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Ϊʦⳤ϶˽ļ̵֪࣬ĵѶȡ
ʵǼḷ̌ҲҪһʱ䡣
Էóǹֶ֣Ϳ̳һؼǣԵģ
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ˣҺ飬ɰ׳ѹΪսͬΪ£ֵĻغԽ֤࣬ʵԽǿܼΪܿһΣʱжϺ;ߣʵҲ͸׼ȷ
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׳ʵǿѹΪȫ£ֳʮУҲĴҫˣ
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Цľȣóأ̫ףĸΣգֻ͵Ĺֹãԡ׳ϣò󣡡

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ųĴ֮ףǹάƾȭͷһһġ
Ϊ̫ǿԽ
ˣرȻҪһЩͬ޷սİ׳ϣ϶ҪԿ

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⵹ǡ

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λʦʵͣ׳ѹ󼶱սȻɡ
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˶ƿأͶ似⣬ﵽһּΪĵزѹƵͬǶ֣λʦҪֶвܣѣ
ǰʮ죬󼶱𣬾츳õƿϣ϶ҲЩ鸡û´Ӧʮھͻʧܣ

ղʦѾ˵ˣ꣬ʮʹʦﵽһ۷壬˿ͻƾ磬ʦҲȻЩ鸡
˵ʮʧܣѾֹ۵Ĺˡ
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תͷȥֻһ£۾̵Բ̲ס
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537 
ʱصǰ
뷿ţһȦ
䲻۴Ǹܣ潣ǹֱӦоС
׳վм䣬ɫȻĿȡɣóģ
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ԽԽƣɫЩࡣ
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ҪǣԷӺǽţЩɣԻһصʵҲȷʵ޷ܣ
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¶Է˵ʲôѪĻ׳Ϲ˲ϻָƣվߣ˳ȥ
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һżֿڣĿⶼ̲סմ򿪵ķſ˹ȥһ֮£ҲһԲҪѪ
ֻ׳ؿ˳ǹѪۣһЬӡǣʺĿɼ
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㿴ңҿ㣬ȫԡ
׳ȥ˱ΪˣôȸղŵⳤϻҪңͷ
㿴ЬףݡߺǱˣٿ̲סҪˡ
׳ϣǡ
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538 һ
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黭ǣȻһȴܳʱ䡣ǶؼΪУڿηϵͻۼʱ֮ɢƾЩͿԼʦڿǿû׵Ŀܣ

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鼶Ʒ۷似

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ôУ似㴴Ҳɾ磬㣬˭ܶǽп˺ͲԣңҲ

似Ǻ鳤ϴҲ˴ɵزܹˣ˭ֱ죿

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İɣһʱ䣬ţҲŶѣ϶ģ
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ǸʦȷŹ֣似ⶫһ͵ģֻѧһ㣬ܴﵽɣú鳤ˣȲϡ
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֮һԲģ׽ͶΪ⡢츳йأΪϵֻҪﵽѧᣬʩչ
Եʱ򣬶ʹΪƾбԣǰ̳ţΪͨﵽŽ˵ȻСɵزҴʮϣǴˡ
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ʵ͵ڶصΪЩƣֻֻܶøѧĺŽһΧжʧܡ
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542 鳤ϵľ
߽鳤ǲһ顣
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ŽһѪģһҲͨѣСҲһξ룬һ츳ҪﵽСҲûܣõġ
ĵװοԼһ䣬鳤˿ǰһָǰϵ鼮ǺŽһʱۿ
˵Ҳϻȼߵ㣬ʱ̳Ʈɣζɢ䡣
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ǻꡢʮӵΪǰԷˮһû˿ѹ

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547 оҪ޵
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548 Դԭ
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ǰԴԭÿֲһλҺĹЩ˽飬ӲҪ˵Ļᡭ˵ʵܲܽУҪǵ

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ǰٱֻ֮Ҫߣûвģˣڽؼ࣬ҲͺǷ㡣
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ޱϵطխ޷ʩչԺݣʱ䲻Ȼѧᡣ
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˵ԻЦЦְͣҵʦöµģһ涨ҪĴкϸĵȼ֡Щְֵҵȼû취ϸ֣ͺҩˡ
ֻҪ֪ʶ࣬ͿԽҩǼԽߣҩԽá
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˵٣˵ˣ۹ͳηΧҲֻôһôܳƵְҵ֣Ҫ˵ǣг󼰵֣ʦҲЩͷۣ޷ۡ
ͷ
ȻųְҵȻǱѧᣬӵдУֲġ
Դԭˣٲ˵ҲЩңҪ츳ȻҲ͹νְҵˡ
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Ҳֻ֪֪һǧǰﻹǻɽԴԭˣ죬ͳ⸱ӣң˵Ū̶ںϡ彻ΪֻҪûﵽأм档
ҡҡͷ̶ÿֻмʮϡ٣ڲ˶ã˵ˡܶ˶һɵã鷳ޱȡ
θ죬Դԭ˵ܣʦԼ㣬Ҳ֪顣
ǽΡɽɴɣ
Ӳ廰
ӲıһҲԭõľǴ
󷨣󷨵ĻɽٹҪ󷨣Ҫά֣

Ȼܹı价ǷΧһ㶼СٹһɽΪ֮ı䣬ǲܵģ
˵һȺصˣضɣֻдﵽֳѾصĳǿ߲
ȷ󷨣
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ˣʲôˣĿǽ̶оġ
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ţ˵ͷ
Ǻãȥɣ
һ޳һֱԶıԭ˹ȥ


549 һλ
ڵϣ
ɽѩʵŶﵽ˰벽Ȼ䣬Ӱ첻
һ·ǰıԭȥ
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ǰǸţߴʮף֪ʲôɣһֺ֮С
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ڣǰŮӣһЩźɫ·ҲȫŮӣǰô䣬𣬸һǿҵıС
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ͬ˵ĸоȻͬ
̶Ϊ̶̶ԼӦĹܴ

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֮ǰ̶Ϊһصƣڿûô򵥡
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ݣüͷһ壬ƺҲ̫
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ΪʲôĿˣû뵽Ǿϵĥ¡
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550 вŮŮ
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ΪѲ֪Ŭλãһ仰ͽ˵ˡ
Ϳͣ
Ľͣ⹬һȡ

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λʦϾģʦõһ֣ʧҲܷ
һҧܶԷŭͼոջŭգ޲ɱ˵⹬ɫ׵Ŀ㡢ô֪

ٴһײһ
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вŮŮ˵ëǵûŭˣ
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㱻Ƚˣƥġ軪ŮӷӲǸԵĹûͺڵձܼʱͨڻѹƣ˷֣󣬿ڡ

Էʩչ似ʹͼݣ޷֪ĸϸ֮۹۲ϸ΢λ⹬ÿκӣסˣȴס۾
ʧ֮ǰʹ⣬Ʋ򣬲ѡ
軪Ƿһٶ˥ߣԡĹʱΪǸӣΪ⡣
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ΪŮӣҪӵĸ͹Ҳ̶ܺйء
ͺ֮ǰĺŮӣľǻԡԵķ
Щͻ˾Щ췽ҹ̷⹬ɫ˲ɷס
Է˵˿
軪ˣȻκˣȴҲɢΪǱŮķͻƣͬʱõȽɢΪĽϸɼ⡣
Ϊһ飬ٶȼ죬ܿɹɢ˽ƻָ
Ҳˣ˲˽ľ档
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ΪͨˡУҵѳһ٣һɢΪ϶ֱ˥⹬æ
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޷ⲻ֪ӣμȥ
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³һûֱӻش𣬶ŹֵĿ㿴ǿƷΣ

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551 Ƥ
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⹬ɻ󣺡ҺǰʶϤ
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΢΢һЦ٩٩̸ֱ壬ʦְҵǰ;ؼǡҲܲ
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552 ⹬
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554 

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ǡ޷õĶƷ鵤


555 º
ΪʦˣԷŵҩͦߴϵģʵȴǸʹõĴ鵤
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ʦ÷֣Ȼ޷֣ƾҵӣҪؼֵģһ˸Ӧⲻ󣡡
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ǰλѣǬڴӦ㣬ΪʵΪŹܳϴ
ǺҲӦټöƷʯʮصŮ檡

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560 Ʋ
ΪԷҪߣû뵽˼򵥡
һ˵ɱһسڵС˭Ӧ
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ʮѡӱǵʦɹ˲Ŀ⡣
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궡Ļʦȫߡ
飬ھȥҵλʦ˵
ҪǴΪܣƷµˣһֱţǶԿʦĲغ裡
ǰҲд˴㣡

ˢˢĿ⼯е޻ϡ
˵ĺеʦҪкȻ̵ȻҲֻλѵһ֮ʣҪʦı⣬Υʦµ飬ʦðӣҲŹ
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561 ǿ
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571 ʦҴˣ
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572 ·
֮ǰȷŻɵ̬ȴ̽Է
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ͬ磬ϯŵÿ̨µһλʦλֱӵƤһ˹ȥ
֮ǰˤʦҲǷ׷׽ͷסҳ

רŹ꣬ɰվԭأר־ġ
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ڻǺúÿǣظղѧ֪ʶɡ

ҲܱƵø𿼺˵ˣϣʦǸ˲ţ
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Ϊ˰ٱֻһ㣬Իˮ㣬ڿԺ֮ǿƥͲ׵ġ
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ǰصĿˣѾ˵ĽˣҶ뿴صļһػ᲻ֳʲô۶ӡ
ôãֵԼһɥ
죬ְ취ˣһͷˮɶûС
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֪Ҳ㲻ֻӲͷƤǰһ漴ջء
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Ҫ˵˭ʶ㣬϶̨λΪʦصĳǿߡΪǼʶܱȵġ

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ңԶ۹ĪΣ˵һΣǡɼԺµĲӦǡ
ʥ߶ǿ߲ġʶ鷨


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ҲǶΪһֱ֮һģڣȻҪͷܵķڷ˳ʦĹâ϶ѡ񣡡
ԷЦ
һȻ뵱ھҪеѹȣͬһطӣõ̤ʯ
¶ķʽȥܳǿϲʦ

ϡ
ɶ¡
Ϊƾʵ˵ӣ˰죬˼ֻȵĹߡ
ģѾģ
ԽԽһҧתͷԶҪԣʦʲôõİ취һʤ
ֳԣȻָͬǿߵȱݡȷܹףȣԼ϶Ӯ˶Է
ֻܼǰλ漣ꡣ
ô죿Ҳüͷ˼Ƭ̣۾һ¶Ź֮ɫ취Уǲ̫
ŶֻҪʤ۶Ҷ
а취۾һæдųϿңʦڡ
Ǻðɣ
ֶպһȥһ
£һ
۾Բ


591 ˣ
Ҫңβڱʤλڣɶ
磬ʦǻ죬ƤŹ
˵ֻǵöԷӷŭԱԺð
Ϊһֵôҫۣʲôð취ζû뵽˲ף
Ҫôƻɨأ˶ˡ
ΣҲɴ۾
һ
⡢⡭ʲô
ɻˢˢߵԷ衣
ղͷͷǵӦҲܷʲôɣ
һ֮£ȫһΡ
ͼҲӿҪ棬һ±ơ
ȻΪУɼʶǻۣ˳ƵΪԷֻҪ˵ʲôԲ³֣һʲô˼
⡭Զʵ̫ˣȫϰ
˫ҪԶΪ⣬ҪʤҪ˼öԷһĸĶŰ
ô£
Ը⣿Ҳû취ˡ
ҡͷ
ѳԷԸˡ
׿֣֮˳֣ͷˣǣϣԼӣ꣬Ҳûʲô
ʦܱ֤һʤ
ҡͷ֪ܷɹڴһһҧȭͷ
֤˭Ҳû취֤žȥž㣡
Զ
Է˵ĲԷԼӴҲʲôԼķͿ϶ܹʤ
ԷԼ鷳ĻЧ
⡭
Ŀ˸Ƭ̣һҧãȥ
ǰʮȥԶʦѧԺѧϰĻᣬһץסǰ;ʧȥⱲӣʦǸĿܲܿ˵
ڣ᲻̫Բλڡ͹ܲˡ
ǰ·ϣԼ֣Է϶ʯ
ûĹƽչ˱ˣԼҲˡ
ȿȣҪ
ѧλʦĻҪȥüëһ£λʦὫҲֽ᳹
һ顣
ҲǣҪôԷŪὫһٴ
İɣ㣬㲻ܰôʦţҺģ˵ôף֣ңİɣұ֤㣬ֻҪܣ뿪

ӡ
Ҳżˡ
ðɣ
֪ʤֻʦָ㣬ٲᣬһҧ˹ȥ
зˮĸо
ֱڣû˿ͣЪ̲ס˳顣
ȻʦҲδ̫˰ɣ
ʦû£
Էʵ̲ס
϶°һԵ֧᲻
£
ȫüëһ
£㻹ӹȥѲɣ뿴ͷ
ղŷĲԷаٷ֮ʮĿܻѡԶΪ⣬ǻаٷ֮ʮѡģ
˵ı飬϶ϰݣֻÿڡ
ţ
Էͷ
Ʋ׼ȷϾڣԷԼ뷨пѡһķʽ
޼ɵöԷһڵƣ㣬ô
һᡭ㣡Է
԰ڿ϶Ҳôģǰʮ־ڱصáƣֱӵźţǾǣ䡭£ãôѡ񣿡
⡭
һ
ǳƣڿ϶֪ǹģϴˣôţȻ䡭
ô˵ûʲôƣ϶ţ
ֶǰʮ־ڱصãûյ£ͻѡ䣬һڱʾġ
˵һκ˶ᷢŭҪֻ֣ҪͿǰһЩ⣬̨æң
ŵ
Էʩչ似û취֪֢ᣬƾֶαԵĻҪʤûκοܡ
ֻҪǵŭʩչ似Լ֪ȱݣԶ֢ҩˡ
ӻ᲻ᱻ򣬾͹ܲˡ
ϾӮЩۣ˵ȥ
ԭˡ
ͣ׹һɴ۾
ղžԷˣ˿̲ףλʦĸԶ
ʱڣֲ˷蹫©˺·
ҿ˵ģҪǶԷģƶ֪ôġ
쿴ʼˣ
ڸпʦǰһָ
ˢˢȥȻѾڵط
ʱҲڳԶԼĶ֣ԹԳԷ˸һ¡
ʦã
ӵͷ
㡢ã
üͷһ塣
ǾͻԣҸ¡һò
£ʲô£ǰ䣬̸
һڻû˵꣬͸еһ壬̵Ķһ
գ
һըڿҪˡ
һΪǰ䣬ѿģζû뵽һ̵ù
Ҫɱ㡭
һŭȫϢһӿ͵𣬶ǰ˹ȥ

׼һΣתӣӱߺ˼ʦҲǹģֻֻ

ͷߡ
û˵Ϳ˼ͷϣǹģ
ؼǣ˼Զֻܻ˼ͷϣҲ̫˰ɣ
˵Լ
ɶ񡭡
Ȼ⻰ã⻰ڸŭ׷ȥһһͱһס
ܳϡ
ųϣæ
˶Էļơܳϴ
мƣһ㶡
ţԷƣ㷢ŭһں֣пܱȡʸ񣡡ܳϵ
ʦȣ򣬻ûϳʹݱױȡʡ
ɡһȻ׵ĿҪը
۷ʦ˵һŹ֡
նɱǰڣΣαõǰʮȻᱻ̲
ܳɫصĵ
ΧҲȥˣʦһնɱ龰ڻĿ
һưǵʦǰڣʱܸ𣬶Ψһϣǣλڳǰʮɹ
һȥ˺ԶʦѧԺѧϰ붯ǣҲһ¡
һרܹ㣬Ȼ̣ҪȻԱҲǰʮˮҲ׬ˣ
ܳϽŵǧ³çϵ
ô죿
ͷһͣ
ż֮ǰķԣȱסǰʮ˵һȫԵȱ󣬶ʦսս
ܳһĿһʱ򣬻ôɱôɱж˿飬Ҳû˹㣡
⡭һ£һҧãʱͽսɱҲڣ

ţû׷Ҳûң
һᣬû׷һ㶣ղʦĻѵˣ


592 ƣϣ
Ȼ֪ǲļȴ֪ʦжû˿Ͷء
ǰųŵһһֱմմϲӢ˳֮ңǰ꣬ףűȡԶ
»صǰ̬ȹıȭʦô죿
Է
֡
һ
ƵģΪʲôð취͡򵥵ĳԷ
ϿʼˣԱ˲ȻӮһۡ
һϢʱڶˣٲԵ㣬ϾҪʼˡ
ðɣ
֪û취ֻöԷ˵ʲôʲôһҧá
ò˵׼͵ȷʢܿƱ㣬ʱҲʼ
ݱԿʼɣ
ŸζԸڣͼʦݹһŰֽдּȻǸղԷʱдµġ
֣ͷֽƬɨ˹ȥһ֮£۾Բʦ˵
ţͷ
ǰһڣӿҪˡ
磬ӸղŶԷûҰ
Ҫ˵ǼһԸμʦȣҲҪԼ
ϻ䣬̨󣬲ܸһ֣ȻҲ֤ܻʤ
ƣͼʦüͷһ塣
кᡣ
֪ͲˣôоˣºˣˣôҲû취ˡ
ðɣ
һҧֽƬϵݼռԺͼͭ𣬺ʦֺٴ̨ʦ̨
Ӧһ
Բ̨һӴ׺̨˹ȥ
Ӣ¾ķ緶
취ҲѾˣֻӲͷƤʦķԸɣ
ߣ
Ҳ̨ղһƣŭգ˿Ҫը
ʼڸҪ˵ݣ
μӱԵ̨ϣʦһܡ
ϴδȣοǰУѡ񣡡
һڿǰ꣺ѡ񡭡Ϊ⣡

Ͳ²һһȻѡһ㶡
ôңĿһ
кβңȾͱȣ˵ɣæ
ʶȤ
ΪԷܾû뵽ˬ죬˿ܼ򵥣ʩչ似ԸԷָ㣬˭˵©࣬˭ͻʤ
ţӵͷ

µһ
һĻ˿Է衣
Ůʦȴݲµһ㲻ǻ˾̾
ţͿʦСûˣ
ԷһЦ
ҲƶϳɶݶѣܻܲʤÿղʦӼµĶʲô
ţ˵ͷ
˵Ĺ̨ϵĶ˶ʩչ似
ڴһͷˮ
Էȭδûôָȱݣ
չ涨Ҿȿʼˣ
ԷһãһЦղӴȭûӦ鼶Ʒ似߾ȭǺϧĲλȱģ
һո۷壬ʹóȻλʵȴǶǡ
ڶ߾ȭġ顢⡢Եգ㣬ȫвϣ鲻ϣʩչҲǿռӣ

ġ
ܿ죬ڽӸղŵ˵һ飬ÿһ䶼ֱָҪĶˣɥʧġ

ֻһۣ˵Ĵȱݣʸھ£
ǰղӵҲˣһⶼû

ڵĻ̨һȻ
ҶʦҲӸղŵԲ⣬һԲ֮Уһ֪ٳꡭ
ˣ˵ȱݣ֮ǿһЩ벽ʦ˿ˡ
أӮˣ
ţٸղʩչ似ɶû
Ҳû
ѹֹǫ̈̄뿴Ӧԡ
ҲЦһ˹
ղŵ似һż֪ʧˣʦδܹϳοǰһ
ˣоţʤһ֡
˵ɣֵˣ˵䣡
ǰһᣬ͸죬û˵ںߵ
⡭
ʲôһ㣬һҧû㡭⣡
£
ѻȸ
Ӧý似ôֱӸˣ
˵ʲô
Ȼ⻰ڲûסը
껹ûãǿг龳ʶѾ𣬴ܵˣд£
ӵ
⡭
üͷһ塣
׿֮ҲʦնɱЩżһκ龳
龳ҪʶײѨֻнѨ忪˳ͻơʵǿгȷܵһˣһҹ͸еͷۡ
ֻǣ£˭û˵ڳϣδԷοģ
ˣȫ£ҲϵΪδУһˣһײ֪似ûĻҪɣҪȫʮѨɣ
ʮѨܶ似似ƫƫٻӿȪӣһһմػ֮ϢڣγӲ꣬ڣ
Ҳ˵ûҪ龳ˣŵĻһ±̺ѨѨ飬˵Ѿʼ˥ҲһѨѨ˵Ӳûʲô𡭡
ΪȴǸԼ޷ʲô
ȻѾͷӲԥһҧʦеݣһ˵˳
ˣ˵Է似Ҳû϶ҲҪ
˵һΣΪԷֱӳԼİҲҪĹѪͷȴԷһʲô˼һ㣬ŵɫס
ѵ˵ˣ
С⣡һ¡
ղſЩݵʱ򣬾ÿ϶ǷԷģһԷɱԼͲˣû뵽Ȼ⸱ģһ;һƣʦ潫ϴڵȱݣ˳ɣ
ȻšԼһº龳ã޷ʶͻᱻһѹ
۾һģܶԷı飬Ϊ۷ʦû似ıʣäĿû˼ұȶϿɡ˭ĵӣ
һΡ
Է˵Щ֢״ˣȻȫУѲɡˣ;
ΪʦԼ߰㣬ָˣ˵ñԣ͵Ѿʧˡ
ˣҾ˵ô࣬ճԽһʱ䳤ˣָˡ
һ֣ɣҴдֻҪ㹰䣬㴫


593 ƣ£
̨¡
ʦⶼ㡭㿴ģ
˵ɴ۾ǰꡣ
ԼѧмＸԼ֪ĺ
ղʩչ似ûȴ˵ͷͷǵöԷȸԣʦָ㣬򣬸
ǰͷ
ղֻתһƣͿôࣿȷϣɲš
֮ǰܹȥ˶Էһǵڴŭûûʩչʲô£Է˶⣬ļٵģ
ʲô
ǡĵʲô似ôܽס޷ͻƣʦʵ̲סˡ
Ϊ۷ʦеģôһס似֪
Ҳ֪ҡͷ
֪ǡȫüͷ
֪ɶ似ô֪̼ǼѨλĸܣ
̺ѨӦ꣬ѨĽӴӲĻ
ǻ۷ǿߣ֪ģѨ򿪣ϢӦ꣬䲻ӣ˵û⣬Ƕš
ɡ似ɶ֪ô֪ѨѾرգˣ
ƭģ
ƭһ
İ֮һ׿֮Χҵĸۡʦͺҽ͹

š˵ͷ
ڵİȷԷ֮󣬴󿪴ϣ
ǰǾͽ֣ԹҲרо֪ĺ
ղĳʳУҩľӶ࣬ûɣ
ΪĹ㳡ԣߵĳʳšĻʳҲṩģȫһ
⡢⣬һЩҩģ㣬ܹ󲹳ġ
ǵģԷͷ
ʳĵѡˣ֪ıκ˶
Թ˴󲹵ʳҩʲôŵ
ȫԾ߼ӿ졭
ͺͳ˷ܼһͻֳ˴֮ض˷ܣʮ㡣
ֻֻöս״̬ðɣ
ȷ״̬ã˸ղҺȵûڴСݡ

ݣⶫԣȴˬ˼άѸݣһʳ
Է˵һ룬Ҳʶʲô۾һµԲ
ȴģϱԣ˷ܣټϳ˴֮ԹȫѨ󿪡ʱ򣬱ԵһʲôزҶ˵˰ɣЦ
ཻΪ˱壬ѨԶرգʱͷϣ߶ȼУѨߣѨգ赲Ҳͳ⡢ЩƳģ
ʦ˺ܿ췴ӦһɫףҪˡ
ΪԷ˵ģû뵽ʼλھһλ֮С
ƣͰ࣬û˿ۼ͵ĻǶڵԣȻ֪顭ƣѾ˶֡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ż뵽ѣͷ
ЩƵٺöûãûǰ棬˵龳ʧܣʵϵܡ
˾˵һ£ţҲͼ򵥶ˡ
ټ˵оݣŶѡ
Ȼƭģǡ˵
ϣղ˵ĻͻȻðһԤС
Щ¶ƭ˵ģ˵нô
ȥ֪ˡ
֡
˼æȥ
ʱ̨ϵھ˺óʱᣬһ䣬ָ
ʮˣˣǿʧܵİ˸˵оġ
ϵⲻԺ޷κ˶ܽܵġ
ȨףǾ䣬ܶԷָ㡣
ҪǰһŪ˾һ£
䣿ʦˣ
Ŀ֢ڣ
Ƕûϳ似ȴдڵȱݣɶʱôǿˣ
ղҿʦ˵᲻ʦ̵ģ

䣬ţȫȻ
ӵʵڣͲһϣȴתò˶鲻Խĺ˼롣
Ͼղʦ̵ĳ˶ˡ
ܺãȻ䣬Ҳ޷
䣬֪Ѿǰǿסʵܼ򵥣Ѩֻ֮ǰܵ˴̼ʱķգú˯һͺˡ
˯ͺã
۾һµԲֻǰһڣը
Ϊ۷ʦ⻰벻ͨˣˡ
Ҫɱ㡭
һҪ
ˣ䣬ʦȣ֪ʶҪӦ䣬ƭˣҲֻ˵⣬ֲñˣ
ʦһɨ̴˸ͣ
ʦȣǣ࣬ԼƭˣĸԸ䣬Ǿ͹ֲ˱ˡ
ҡ
ʦ棬֪û취촽ҪҧƣĿҪѪ
ɶ£ĵ϶Ӯģһơˣ
ֱɶ񡭡Ҳɱ㣬Ҳڡ
һŭ

ԳֽӳɹһͿǰ꣬Ǽ
ղſֽƬϵݣΪ϶ᱻԷû뵽ĳɹˣ
ʦǰˡζĳɼ
лʦ
ıȭ
ǰﻹбȽ֮ģڣȫûˡ
ǰһɵģҪȣԿ㲻
ÿ㽫Էӵôң϶սȱæˣ׼ôսʤɣ

ţӵͷ
ʦ֮˲ɻìܣսֱһսᡣ
λڱŪĿҪôʦǰۣ´Ƚͻ룬һܲͬ⣬пֱӱԡ
սܲٻͬ⣬ͬ⣬ҲδػԷ
ʦֽԷܶϵȱݣѾ¼ģõĻ¹˭ֻ֪ء
ʦصĶ֣Ͻڵδ࣬˵һʮҪСģ
ȥЩ£ɫصĿ
ֻһǩ֮ĶȫƲʦҪԵ˽δ࣬Ͻڵĳš


ȻûǱǰʮȴǡΪЩͣһ۷壡˵͵Ϊܳ嵽ǰʮ֪
üë𣬵һıרſˣȵǸְҵƵöԷ䣡
ţ
Ҳͷ
ǳҲˣһȷǿ
۷壬ʤǿߣûһʵǲܳɹġ
ĸְҵУû϶Ҳս㣬ҪսԼЩ鷳ˡ


594 ѱ
Ȼʦͨ絤õĻ£Ļȫ
ԷҪսɶƲ϶䡣
Ҫʱ䣬Ҫ׼ҩģʦϣӦò̫׳֡
ĸְҵֻҪܾ֮սˣ֮ʲôνӵ
δ࣬ΪУȴԸְҵóߣȻûѡݵĻᣬȴһξܾȨʵڲУܾǡ
ζԸϽƲ̸
λʦһ·նʤ
Ͻڵһλϣüͷɸ
ǰûκ㣬ôȣ
˭̫Լŵλš
ˣ诣һƴ֮λ̬ôΪ
ʦȷиɻҲšְҵҲһδ۾
óľǸޣţҲ޷ʤ
˴ˣĸְҵֱǣǼʦʦҽʦѱʦ
δָ㣺ҵĸְҵʦǲʦ黭ʦѱʦ֮нģֻѱһְҵһˣ
ˣ㲻սѱްɣλѱ޺鷳ġ
ʦĸְҵԣҪнܱȣȻ˲ᣬҲƽ
Ȼʦ黭ʦศְҵûﵽǣʲôΨһڵģѱޡ
ֱأΪսװ׵˺ôһᡣ
ֻǣѱҪ޳ϦദʱΪѱһͷҪ깦򡭡
ʦȵıԣͨҪһʱڣнġ
Щִٰɣ
İɣѾǰ׼ˣѱһ;ʧܣδĿһ
žͺãʵڲɹҲǿ
ǰһʱһҪ㣬һ뽱
ʵڲУھɣܱŵȡ
೤϶û̫ġ
δҷۡ
ߵĻǱߵģ
Ҳˣÿ϶䡭ֱˣ
ߣһҪܣȺϼһ죡
һҧδп
ȭͷ̧̨ȥ
αԣѾǰʮˣҪġϡ
ҪΪ϶վʤλʦ֤Լ

̨ϡ
꣬δҧġ졣
һͷˮ
òƺһһμɣôɱ֮𣬶֮޵һ
֣̽һ䣺ǰʶ
ʶһҪ㣡
δһ˻ѡְҵԣҲǡѱޣʦɸҽܣ
ѱޣû뵽Էֱԣüôȣ
ܼ򵥣ȻҲѱʦ϶Լ޳衣ǲٻԸԷһദʱ䣬ʱڣ˭õҳ϶ȸߣ˭ͻʤ
δ
޳裬һʱѱȷһŹֵĿ
Է˼ܼ򵥣ѱҵ޳裬ѱģ˭öԷ޳裬ҳ϶ȸߣ˭ͻʤ
ҲѱʦıֶΡ
ֻǡһҪԼѱޣ
Ȼ
δЦţôڵţҵѱֶΣˣ
Ǻðɣ
ԷϿҪͷ

ʦѱޣһûɣ
ԷıݣԷǿɵһĿȥͬ顣
ûʦѱޣܹȡⲻҴ̼
ģûôҵġ
Ҳһ顣
Ȼλʦѱޣδۿ쿼˵ʱõĺ׿˵̡
˼궼޷ѱޣʦѱˣԹڼҿԺӣȷӮ

еһսˣδѱţ˵μӹѱ޴ҵõ˹ھ
ǰҲ˵ˣʦӦôӦģѱ޲ʦĿǿУҪǣҪ㹻ıֶΣ
ǰΣˡ

Է˵ı鲻֪ͬʦء
ѱޣȽ鷳ǿеģҪ㹻ı
޵ע⣬ôҳ϶ȣ
ԱϽƶ񤣬ѱ޵ĻʤļҪ͵öࡣ
쿴˵޳趼ˣ
УзХ޴ޣ˹̨ϡ
޺δ޳衣
ȥ
޳裬ͷ޴ޣڻسڣԱ޲һء
޳裿
ΪԷ޳Ĳ࣬оţøߵҳ϶ȣ˭֪һɹôǿδɫѿЩˡ
۷壬ѱһͷصޣͺܲˡѱһͷ龳ļһôģ
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û뵽һ־ץδһ飺ȱżӦѣҾͽⶫ㡢Ҫʲôҿ
ΪЩѪ֣϶úøУ˭֪û˵꣬;ǰһڣצѾͷϣһеѪѾߡ
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ѪϷһУʦǹŹֵ𣺡ҵ˵ֻҪ㳼Թ˳裬ͽĽָ
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δǰһڡ
磬ѱ޵ģѱҵġ


595 װʲô
޵ռɽΪһáû취鷳ģҪôɱҪôĸʹƵӵ֪ˡ
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צװ޾ѪƿʹָٴһС
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ѱһǻʱ䣬ֱɶԷѡȡͬһԣһ˯ԹԳ
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Լûõ޵ҳ϶ȣԷҲûõ޵ҳ϶ȣƽְˣ
Ҫ˵øжȵģǻʤġ

Ǹ˵ʱ򣬾ͭһʱǡɵˡ
ʦȵ̨һǸŷΧʱ䵽ҲþʤȻС
ʱ䵽ˣֶãҲˣ˵Ȼڲ֮ء
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ϸ˵޶֣ǵ񣬺øжѾˡδ
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596 Ƚ
δҪˣղרŽҪӥ޹ԹԵֻҪԷѱ͸ֽ
գ۹͹͹һѱˣûи
ؼǣԷ޷ܾĺö߼ѪҲˣһƣ̬ȶӵһ㶼
ѱʱĽأأ
飬Ҫʲôѵˣҵˡ
ԽԽŭһ嵽ǰ
Ϊҵޣȴȥһˣһ˹άֱ̣

ûǰͿһ޴צǰ
أ
һУδѪĵɶһͷڵϡ
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δץ񣬳ֵĲǱˣԼ޳ޡ
һѾѱ䣬Լܹȥǳ⻹һ߷
ҿѱ꣬ϻѵĴۣһǳˣ
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Ͻڵļλٴסͷ
ȿȣðˣΪ޳裡
һ߷δ࣬ڲͣ°ݣԼܾͷ

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ţѾõˣһûνýʾͽֳΡ
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ڴı䣬Ȼϣȫһɥ
˵ǵıԡѾʼˣ
ۣȺв֪˭˳ΧֳֳĻʿ͸еԼеĳУƺʱƿնɡ
ǡХ죡Ƕˣ˭ﵽ˽ľ


597 
Хǽľı֣ﵽ־磬ԣϣֱۣ˵սһֹ
־磬ԿɣΪһˡ
ĹҲûﵽУ˭ʩչ־磬೤ƣ
˭δȻɢϢݺ᣿
϶־Ŷסɽţÿ϶ӭٲɽȣݣʱ;þ㲻ǽľҲٴﵽ۷ˣ
˵ˣǡɿµĺۼ֮⣬ºۼҲֻдﵽľÿӶ˹ɣǳͬ
־ųƺϽţȻǸǵġ
ǰľһͬѹʦʵͲԷҪʤˣ
ǵĹ۵Ҳͬҵʦﵽ˽ľǰصֲû

еУݺᣬ𾪣̨µʦһء
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սʦĲȭƷǽΪƾԽ򣬻ܶԷ׾٣˭֪ʦֱӽս뱻
Ϊһλս϶ýٲһ٣ܵǰĽݺᣬʱš
ĵ˭֮Կôܲ
ٲΪԿġ
ʦӮ𣿡
Ҳǵǡ
İɣ϶ӮֻǡԷüɸ
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ԯļ̨ʦʩչ½ľĽͽӺվޱϣһ
ڰʵӣԾ򣬿϶ǿˣ˵ʩչľ˭ȷȻʦɡ
㲻ǣԽҲ
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˵һ䡣

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598 Խ
˦ķ磬ƽȵȻܴëֻ֮һֿܣǾǡʦղնͷģһǡʮ
ֻЩУδͷֱնϣһ΢һҲܲסϳʮء
ͷƮ鷢ÿһڳȫͬѴ⻬Բûһëڡ
һնͷܶལǿ߶նʮϣÿһжǡôʲôƿ
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ΪԷһϷѾףڲ֪û
ѾƿˣǽָͬһѾ˴֪ͷж֣ն̶ֳȣܱ紵ϡ
ɫȻæ̧ͷȥͼʦѾ±̨صԼλá
һúŬĴ֮
ղӽĶ̬Ժһ飬֪࣬ȭͷһ־Ҳջصڣͱڵ೤Χס
ղŵôģûýʲôܣ
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ӵĶսȫ̶ѹͬһεġ
ȻûǰģҲˣʦѡͱ̭ˣôܽǰˣлԶʦѧԺѧϰ
һ诶սڱϽɳڻῶս
ʦı˵˳
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֮ǰλ῵ıȫ̶ˣαԣûһͬȴ޵е̬ʤʵֶΣ±紫˿
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ԣͷ

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599 Եȣͻһ£
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ͻƣãǰĻۺ͵λʦδĺ
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ϽϢԣȫüͷ


600 ϣ
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岻֣塢꽺ţǺõģŪû
Ҳ˵ʦĲԣң϶Ҳԣ
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徳룬ΪԽԽǿ£㣬Ҫʱѻʦ֪ʱϲȴӲԲǡԷ壬Ϊ
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𾪺˵֮ǰʦһ̶ˮ˶ԷȻֿΪͣӣ
ԷĹ壬Ϊ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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һʦҲһš
սʱ򣬽ԷȱݣԼʵϽ֪ô۵ĿҪѪֻĥʯ᲻ᵱѪ
ղſʦͻƣú𺳣ΪĵȰݷʦı֣֪Ǹʲô㣡
ǰǶԱȵģͻƣֱ߱ûɱԣ
ֵĥǿʵҲֻʦˣԴһܾٲˣ

ΪʦȻܿʦĴ㣬ȻҲеա
볬Լһ󼶱սˣȫӦѼּУȴĶãһһսж࣬Ͷţ
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ҿһоͰˣȻȥӶˡ
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Ƕ֮ǰðܸλʦЩģ֪ôսˡ
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ɶ񣡡
һϢٴαǣͻ˺龳ڵ
ħȭˡһλϣɫһ䡣


601 £
ħȭڵشӲ⴫һʩչʱڣ˲䱩һС𣬲ʩչ󣬱ΪҲᱩ
Ͻòײͻ˺龳˶͵ĻԼڣҪپ޴ʧ
Ҫ֪28Χ龳ǿ߶ָᳬ100ˡ
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˵ĿǳʦŴƼ¼ʦһʲôʣζԵʦã
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ʦػ
еıϽ᣺ػҲ밡ǰǡҪĹ̬


602 ս
ˣǾ֣εĽ𡭡
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˷׷ҡͷʲôᣬ嵤ʦҡҡͷ
ںԶ۹˼ɵݺ͵λҲ˵Ϊû֪Եõû뵽һ

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617 һȱ
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˫ֱɫȻĿͬһ˾ĸ߼ʦ
ǡҪ˵ĵһȱݣ


618 Ϊʦ
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619 
ڵǻ۷ĶдŹһǿߵһΪ˿񱩵Ķ᳤ҪѹƵסѣһֻлص嵤ʦȥŪܹɹ
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Ũ顭ǡƷҩ
᳤ͫһ


620 Ϊʦ
˵ƷҩɢʦʦһԻƷʸһʯ
᳤Ѵﵽʦ۷壬һֱƸ߼ҩϧΪټûʦָ㣬δɹ
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һΣĻǶҩƿأһλ嵤ʦǰ;ˣ
ǰôôɵղҪֱӳʦ϶ҵˣ
ڰ˵ٰʦü𣿡
ˡ

¶˺֮ɫ
ƾݣƳƷҩһξ۹⡢ʶмԾԺͻǣҲͼˡ
ղҪû嵤ʦڣǾȰʦ¾ԼˡǴ˿̣̾ͽκΡ

߸пĸп𾪵𾪣Ϊ˵嵤ʦ˿ǰҩҺɫǺ죬ѡ
ͱ˵һΣٴһˮƽԤΪְҵУԻ͵һ
صԶ۹ҲΪ֮̾

ٴοԶ꣬
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629 氤
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ƺҲĺʦк̣ûֱӳ֣ǷΧ̽
УԽԽ֣ͻȻһȭ
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кʦϣ̱Ѫ

û뵽͵Ϯһȭܹɹ۾Բ
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630 ָʦ
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꣬һǺԶʦѧԺĸ߲
ôôأ
߸пеĺʦֱʦܲרЩ۲ôģȥһġ


631 
ʦҪסһˣ񣬼
ȷв²ʵҲ鷳Ŀȥ
Ӻ
ȡԽһ׵ͬͷȫ˵ڵϣ䡣
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ڿԳñ棬ھò˶þͻɢҲ˵ʦеǺ«ƣڻһЧʱƣͻͨ׾ƣ𲻵κá
һᣬʦϵƣָ
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˫ֱڵϵӣ΢΢һЦ񡭡
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ǰ
˵˵ͷŤͷͬһأһǳ鴤ͬʱɻ
⣬һȶôͻȻըˣ


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649 Ķ
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650 
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㡢ĪꡢԷ衢ɶߡԼѧӱţҲضãǳ͡
ЩŮУкøеģҲЩѻ˵ģ飬Ըһġ
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һʷģˣվڸǰ¼۹67꣬ɽۺӡͻٻأ۶ʦ̤նһЬΣ֡
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ɶԶҶǰ˸һ±ƣȫˡ
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ʶ㣬֪ô£
˿ĭԶ̲ס
ҡҡ
ɶҪˡ
ȻǹٻʼؼҲŹٻʼȫĸƤһվģζ벻
أ
ſ
λóؿܣܿʲôͬ
ҡ
ҳ飬ƤҲ
ǶûأɶֹҲͷˮһ԰
˷裬ͷܸץˡ
ȻվƨûУ㻹ǲˣ

ͷƺҲǾ֣һܵļָǸļһ˼Ҳȥæ
ܳһ£ͷҲֱǼһ˹ȥ
ͷܴŷɱ⣬Χ
ѾŤǼŰ򣬶תӡ

һΣʧںڰ֮С
𣡺
û뵽ıˣܵô죬ͷܶˣһ̤Ҵ׷˹ȥܿҲʧںڰ
ɶˣȻҲû뵽һﶼ˻ܣ¡
ȻܣղŸɶȥˣ
ڶ챻˲ߣԼ
򿪹֣ץʱ뿪
ڲԣ
ȫһ㶣̧ͷȥ˵ľȻǸͷĿܡ
ʦ
۾ԲĿǰĿܡ
ңղطͷһƭˣǿߣȻˣ
ͷܼæ
㡭ʦ
һһַסԴһ׶ôš
ղˣôɿˣ
óαװˣҲαװôŰɣ
ǣˣڻҵŮ
֪ʱ䵢Լ⸱ģԷҲԥ˵һ䣬ٴοԶڻרңҪ䡭
ˡ

ɶɫһ죬Զͷߡ
ɶΪŮ£֪˲࣬Զĵ£ֻԼ֪ʦ϶˵ô

ȷݣڷϻɶһץΧĹĤʧ
ߣ
ֻ֪ӶԷһᣬԴǰ
û˸ϣæתͷͼˣڵϣһݷס
ôˣ
תͷ
ǵЩأܡ߲ˡ
ԶɶΡ
ԷôѪˣȴΪ̫أվվʵ̫ԲԷˡ
ǿ߲ˣ鷳㽫ǰʬȥѧԺûѧԺ
Զҧ
ǵôأʯףߡ˹ӣҲӲˡ
һӲʬȥ֤ǾˣҲ񣬶ɶû
ʬʲôá
û뵽ʱһﻹ˵⻰ҡҡͷһʱûץסԴ
æٴΰڲϣתͷ񣺡о𣿡
ƣ
һ£˵ͷһһ«ȡ˳
ҲþƣϾ׼
ֽӹһָͨеġʬ塱
ֻ׻꣬ûҪȡֻ塣
֮ǰȽųȻǽ룬ڴָһԽͷš

ھƺ«עߡ˵ŽݵɶС
ȼڣ
ţ
Ȼ֪˼أɶҳɣοƿͺȥ
븹ʱеһתȫ֮ǰصƣͱ飬׻ָ
⡭
Ѿָ壬ɶ۾¡
ѵ˵ʥҩ
ôĹЧ
æҩƸ˷£ܿ죬ȫָ
Զǰʬ𣬿ߣ
˶ָɶһ䣬˼ҴҸǰȥ
ָٶȼ죬ΨһȱݾǣҪͣԴȻһСľͻ
ٿ㡭
֪ʱ䲻ˣ˲ôˣʵڲУԴǰǰ
ȻͿܻûȫϣʵ̫ǿˣʥ򼶱Ǹǵģڵһ̤ܷӺԶ
ɶþȫҲǿϡ
ʱ䲻һܣܳ˽ӽʯԽԽ
ҿ㣬ֻҪӳʯףͰȫˡߴ١
ʯףͿ²󷨣סԷҲͱ˿֮ززˡ

ڷ񱼣һŭǵٶ̫죬ܵע⡣
ΧӰҫ֮ǰȥܳ˹ȥ·ס
ˡ
һ
ղž͵ģȺһﲹ»Ѿʱˣû뵽ʮ
ô죿
û뵽ӵֱôΧסɶȫɷס
֮ǰӵౣֶΣܿ⣬ֶζùˣֱΧסôߣ

ǰһƺʲôһܾ͵س˹һϡ
أ
Դ룬嵹˳ȥˤڵϡ
ЩܡȻܷң
ͫһ
ڵͷܣȻԴʱʱκͿһģһġ
ҶǿܣӦϲ䵱ͬ飬ûɻأȴֱӳ֡Ҳ˵Էֱܹ
ܲǻصһ֣ûжǻ
ôֵܷң
ɶ񣡡
ڵһģͷĿٴվ𣬶Թͷ˹ȥ
ȭХȫӿ
أ
ȭƶͷٴεɳȥ
ʵǿֻк龳۷壬ӲǿʵȻҲͲǶԷĶ֡
֨֨
߽սʣµҲɶΧ˹ȥ
ʱὫΧɱ
ǿ϶
׻꣬ӵɶˣȻߵĻᣬֱɱ
ô죿
ѵ˰죬һ
ƴһѣ
֪ǺãͻȻղںпľ޴࣬ԼЩܣηݵģһ뷨ð˳һҧ
ȻҪһھǸ࣬ͬھ
һȣƵĿܣ͵𣬱ֱȥ

𣡺𣡺
ĺǰķһ㶣漴ʼ裬ٹ˲ɱɶˣҴ׷ȥ
ǿߣùҡ
ȺһȻǿ࣬׷˹ڿе̲ס˿ɶ˺
ʦ

û뵽ʦΪ˾ǣһпܣɶԶȫһۿ졣
˵֮ǰЩԹʣڣȫ˸м
Ϊ˾ǣϧգ֪һܲˡ
ѹλʦѧ˾أЩˣš
Ʒֵ塣
ʦлл
ߣ
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678 ˣ
ʦΪǣȺܣϧ뻢Ѩ˭Բסˣ
ᣬȫ˳ƽʵܵķɿ죬ʮ»صʯס
ٴȥµĳͬҹĻ֣ҹǵĹâȻˡ
𣡺𣡺
䣡䣡䣡
ԼԼƺʬ˿Ͷը
طҲȫȥʦӦܳ
֪ʯףҲǰȫ֮أֻҪٳһͷܣӲԶ̲ס
ţ
׵ãתȥʱ䲻صʯŵλá
ǳˣû°ɡ
ػߣǳ֣˷ܵ۾һæӭ
û£
ɶˣһûӳѵ˷ܣ鲻Խʯŵǡ
ôˣ˵ӣü漴һʦأ
ʦ
ԶȭͷΪ˾ǣܵΧ
Χ
ɫһףýӲмܣֻһĻʦӦܹ
ʦֶΣֻһܣܹ뿪̫Σա
ǡʮͷ
Զɫף
ʮͷ
һ
Ȼʦôܣ϶Ҳֿ
֮ǰĵعһͷ˶˾ţ֮ͬʱԶʮͷⲻǾˣɱ
УҪȥʦ
һҧ߾Ҫعûͱɶס
ߣ侲㣬ʦΪ˾ݰΧٽȥһİװ˷ѣ
ȻҲĲʣȴҲ֪ʦ⡣
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ҡ
߲۾ʪ󣬶Ž׵ջ䡣
СʯҵʱΪߣʦܲη
ɶʦ֪ǿܳѨ޷ˣûκƴǣ
񣬸Ϊ˾ˣΧ
ʦĶ飬Щˣβܡ
ߣ飬Ƕ⣬ֹȥˣѵ𣿵ȥˣֻԽԽ࣬ʱ򷴶ʦǵκ꣡
ԶҲǰҪֻһǾǹԹţϣٴ漣
ܳΪʦѧԺĸ߲ʦڵľ棬һ
ڱУʵǷӢ䣬Щܶսͬѻʯȥֻһ·Ǿ
ǰʦһ˵ĻӳĿԻһЩǽȥǵûᣬŪãẦ
ҶǰҲ
֪ˮһ£ߺ촽
ǰ
ȷˡ
ôʱĽӴʦʲôˣѾף
ʦһ͵ǰ񣬶ԥѡߵˣ
һ۴һ㶼˾壬Ҳ˿ȱݵˣ
˵Ĳȥˣ϶Ǿȣˡ
ֻš׹Զͷ˵ͻȻеһΡ
¡¡
Ѻۣºˮһ˲ڡ
ôˣ
һ㶡
һֱúõģôһζ

֣ͿʯϷ׹䣬ʯף˲̮
ˣعҪ
Զͫһæȥ
֪һ̮ᱻ棬ɣѾȣĸԥֱԶʯ״ȥ
ʯײǺܳߡ˸򣬾˳ջصɽȣ͸еԶĽһԭɽȣ˲ݣһ޴ӡ
֮ǰĵعһУһ㣬ްۼ
ʦ
һΣˤڵء
˵ղʦпӳڡѾûκϣˣ
ɶҲһף˫һڵϡ
һֱͶԷҪĻʤɴûöԷ
ολҪΪ˾ǣôд˶ˣ
һĵεΣͻȻãֻǲԼѣʵʵǼʶԶͬ
һ߰ѡ
ھͻ븸׳ڵߣҲҪʦȳ
Ƭ̣ҶǰȭͷͷѪܱ
ȥҶ첻Ҿ游
⻰ɶվһҧҪҶǰһ뿪
ڵֻһ
ǲȥ
˸Ҫ뿪Զһǰ档
ô뵲ң
۾һУɶϢڡ
쾳ʵһ˲伤ļµ
ԣƣһʵʩչԶ˿
Ҳֻǡ𣿡
û뵽Ҫ֣ԶɫһףһҧعǣӣǣˣһϢй¶ʲô
Σÿ
ɶߵ
Զ˵û
ȻɲȴѾƽȣعڵܣһڳһ۹ʱͿ̿ǡʦԸ⿴ģ
ҡɶȭͷһ
ʦʵ£̿Ǳɱô
ۿ졣
ʥܡһ¾Ƕʮͷ̫ˣ
һȵ۹Կģ˵Ҷ£бʿҲȲʦֻʥߣſ
ĴɱʦˣҲĿ
Ϊ
ΰһˡ
ǡô죿ɶס
֮ӦϻʦѧԺ泤ϣԹߵ
ʦǻǿصѧԺ棬ѧԺ˹Ȼ˭û취
Զͷ
ǺãԶǰʬ壬ĴָУںҶǰϻѧԺҺţȡ
ɶͷ
⡭
û뵽ҪԶס
ɶ˵ĲҺţǸϿȥǣ̫󣬱УȻѧԺʥ߹ģ
ߵͷ
ȻԴѶǡʥ٣㹻֤֧ţӵʬ⣬Թȥºš
ðɣ
֪Զһ£漴ͷ޴ߣλȥ
ʱֻһͷصķޣˣô죿
ùˣʵڲУþڸƾʦݣһͷޣǺܼ򵥵ģ
֣߰۾·ӿ˹ȥϣһǸͱСʦܹ
ˣ࣬ңҲ϶ԥܹȥ
Ǻãˣ
֪²ɣԶҲᣬҶǰкһһ죬һͷ޷˹䵽ǰ
ߣ
ޱֱշȥգ۹ʧǰ
뿪ߺɶ·ĵȺ
ʦôֶΡ϶ģ
ȻãȴûһţǰʱԽԽǿԽԽĥ
תۼ䣬ȥˣûһ㶯
ԭϣ𽥱ʧ
ѵ
ʦˣ
թʬܳһᣬҲǰο


679 ҽк
ʱصԶ˷ֱ
عڡ
һͷ­Ŀܷ񱼣ʮͷ׷ᣬһҪˡ
һʱð뷨Ⱥ˷֮ԽԽʢ
˵Ӿˣִ׻ʣߣ˭ס˵Ժлнɫҳ汻סҲߣ¡
ԲӣȺ
ΪٶЩܸͲˣζû뵽Щһɱһ㣬׷ᡣ
һȺûǻ۵ļһ˷ൽɶ
ɶֻҪһ£֪ˡ
˳ӳȥֻÿܲȥ׷Ҳԥͷ­ɿ񱼣ߡ˸󣬾֮ǰĺǰ
С͵ļ̨Ǹ໹ڡ
ȥ
ĿѾǰûжأһݣ
𣡺𣡺
ȥпżȴҳһŭĿӣƺ뽫˺ɷĩ
ǡ
Ȼû׷˿
֮ǰЩܶһ䣬;ɻڿ²ǶԵġ
ÿֻһͷܹ룬Ҳҡ
ʲô
಻Զˣתͷһ̧ۣžǰȥ

ĿһУʱеһŨɱ¾ֱ֮Ժذס
ת
֪˫üһת
Ȼеɱ¾֮˲٣ɸеͷѣЩֲס
׻ûԿˡ
ͣ
ɱ¾֮ȵʦóͷǿ̫ˣ׻ȻҲûά֣޴ӵֵߵʮֳˣһǰ¾ͻᱻɱ¾֮ʴԺɼ˺
תͷһۣΧĿȻŭȴҿǰҲԶȫʱҪ̫ģһҧһ

ָеǰ
׻һӿ룬ص
һ壬Ÿе࣬³һ
ղŵĿȻڵǿ̫ˣԼãӦ֣˵ʡ

׻ϣת֮ǰϮԺɱ¾֮ʧ粻һ㡣
ֹϢпãǰרʱӦ֡

ˮпʧһ࣬ڶܸӷŭͣȴڼɵʲôҿǰ
ǲҲõģǰ˹ȥ
ҪͼݣҲҪûʲôɵġ
ǰ˹ȥ

ָ֮Ӵպһȱݡûü鼮۲죬һЦ𣬽ǰһڣһ޴Ӱǰ
壬̫ˣ̫ˡҲ
Ӱ˻𣬾޴಻ͣ䶯ǵõ˴֮һ㣬ͣ鴤
壬˯꣬ڿԸˣ
޴ӰǼһ˫ĵâʦ㲻Ҫɱ𣿵һȥôʦãĴС
У޴Ӱֱץ˹
̨ϵ࣬Ҳһξؿڷ
Ҫڣࡣ
һɹʶ͵ڱɣʧȥҡ
ţ
һ
ڶԷǰоԼǸɽǰϣȫ޷ֿ
ǿ
ĿǰʵǿǺԶ۹ĪǰƺͳһЦ
ָоͺ񵱳˿ʦľǾ񣬶ɼɶԷơ
ѵҪһ᣿
ż
뿴ɶζû뵽Ȼǻģһܶᣡ
һʶûˣʱһ壬ûκ

ҧͨȴͬԼģҲ뾫ʧȥϵ
ָоһ۶ôż޷÷ֺ
÷ˣ
гֵӰǿһЦʦϳԹȻʦΪʵ̫ˣûʸ񷴿ԹҶᣬһ壬۳أٴΪ֮
ʦϳԹ˭
̲ס
ʦǰľƾһ֮ʦãԿˣ䳹𣬹ܼ֮Ϊ֮ߣ˲硣
һȻ˵ÿʦԹ˭
ɶѾǲˣ
ûӰ͸¶ԶϢʱˣƺΪˡ
ˣ
ˣ˵
û
ࡣ
Ϲʷڸ߼ʦڣڲʦûʸۿ
ʲôǡˡǡˡû
Ҿʶһ£û뵽һɶ֪ʦĲͣһŭӰĴֱ֣ץ˹
֨
ʺʱе٣ǰڡ
ڶԷͺǸӤһ㷴֮ûС
Ҫң鼱֮£̲ס
ʦ徭ϿɣҾ壬ҲܶᣬӰ죡αװ࣬κ˶
ߵ
㿴ʦ

ʦ£ĿǰΪֹʦ޷ʶû뵽ͷһ¾˳
ѲǺͿʦͬĳǿ
ܺͿʦԿ⵽ǸʲôĴڣ
ôܻڣû
ʦǼһǣҺսһӣϲߡ
ˣϲһںͿʦսԷʦϲˡ
ǺͿʦͬֻǸСȷҿ϶Ҳˡ
æ
ôˣ
ôǿҾˣҲˣ˰
ϾͱᣬҲ޷⣬ֻǰ֪һЩ飬ҲĿ
ߣǰˣûκô
ô㲻ţѲǴţģһΪСһģ
ݺ֮ʱʦɵ֣ʦΪļһ
ŰɵĻŭ
£ͷſҵֶٶ࣬Ҳ˲㡭

ӦһƺҲöԷֶٶ࣬Ҳⲻˣ
ģҲȻһҪĿҲʲô
еʧ˿
ˣɶʰɣ
൭
á
ͷеٴܹϵͻȻһЦһ£ⶫʶ
˵꣬һɫ鼮ͻأǰ
ʲô
һ㶣֣ͼ鼮͵ѹֱӽ֡
һ쳹ع
˸ݣүүģ㵽˭


680 ң
㿴ɶģָһͱԷס˼޷û취ֻú֮Ӧ
û뵽Է潫ˡ
ŵ֮æͼڵ鼮֮ס
һȻ˵ƣʵϸѲãܹԼҲ϶Ҫ۲С
ԼĸԸᣬͻ򵥲٣ܴ鷳
ֻ֪Ǹǿиɵļһǻ飬֮̽˳
ⶫͼɵģĿǰǿƷһǺͿʦͬһʱĺˣ϶Ҳֵס
Ȼ鼮һ֣һǱӳԼϵȫʧָɡ
˭үү
һ鼮ȥ·Բ̨ܵסѹѿ
¡
Բ̨һع󷨣Ǳ״ݻ٣Ĵɢعʼһζ
ˣ󷨺ˡ
ɫһ̡
մΣѣҪһ齫ˣ֮ع󷨵ˡ
عдάάľڵλãҲԲ̨
Բ̨ʧȥ󷨵ļӳ֣ڵĵعﻹܵסݡ
ڵعҪӵľ룬Ǳ׷Ĳ֪ʲôطһ̮϶Ӳȥ
ɱҡҿԴȥȫĵط
ɫ鼮ѹʱᱻ༱æ
ãҾһΣ
֪ڲŶԷҲû취ˣعݣʵѣֻܼࡣ
ԷǼͻģعİأ϶һܴԼ뿪
ɱܲܽ
뽫鼮ջأͻȻһ
ɫ鼮ʱƣһأͻʧʱʧȥƶԷˡ
ȻⶫԼľ̶ӣԼ֪ʶҲ԰ɱУǡûпܣʲô
ֻҪס޷Լ֣ҲͲˡ

뷨ûͼ鼮һһ´򿪣һΣ˽ȥ
漴ɫҳʧȥɫһͨ鼮׹䡣

ֽס򿪣漴Ϳһ಻ͣһŹֵͼ
ҡ
¶һݡ
ȥȫĵط
ҲûɫҳзӡĹЧ˼򵥣һЦ
˿ʦɵġˡһҶҲ
û˵꣬Ϳһָ˹
أ
͵һ飬类׻˺ü
ˣðүЦһҿжݣ
һ鴤Ҫˡ
ݺصĺˡȻ걻ɱָҲûʵɡʥǿߣҲɱġ
ھȻһʮСһӡָͷȥ
ð
ʹǿߵأ
Ȼ֪ס飬ɶ͸¶Ũصϣη壬޷⡣
˵ˣܻŶһˡ
ôЦ
ڷŭͼԷָҪ
͵һЦЦ
̻û¶Цݡ
ЦҲУڱ˷ӡ鼮ʱնɱţĺˣҲûã
϶ЦĵȴڵѪ
ĸʦһλݺصǿߣʦҲʱĴڡ
ȴЦ
⻹࣬ȥȫĵط
һﱻס˿ʱζԽԽʱ
ǣٵȥ˿̲סһȣ·

ԸΧĿܲҷϻæǰȥ
鼮ں棬ͬʱͨ
ʱ䲻ͷ˹սָ
Ϊ̥ƣ˵ǲ֮㱻׷ĵܣɱҲûпܵġ
ֻԪĹҪúϢָܻˡ
ס࣬Ⱥܶ˿ͷߵ̧̫
ʥ򼶱Ŀȫ񱼣ٶȼ죬һķ䡣
˿̣ĵعҲܲסȫ
ǰ˺ڰ
ӳһöҹ飬Χ
޽عʱ򣬷ֹϾɱµıعݣҲֻܻǡҲûг·
鼮
嵱׷ɱҪ壬Ϊеǿ֮һȻҲ˺·
ط׷ɱҲͬھ
Ϊ˷ֹҵҲûг·ֻ˵ʱȫˣγȥܲܳȥδ֪֮졣
û·
ü
ȥѲҪ
ǡ
ͷ
ǺáҲȥ취Ϊ
һҳȥ
һﱻ֮ӡֻһܽ
ææ
оޡ
ݺ֮ʱħ֣˭ɵʦҪֱ棬һﵹã˵ᣬ˵ʰվʰЩץˣ
ץɶãԷӣһԲϽ
ɶ¡
òѣΪܳ۳أЦ죬û뿪عһ̬ôķ
ʦķѪƵġ䡿˵ӵתʱĹЧųòҲûôЧɣ
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ҶǰڵĻƾ̫ݣһͷģҡ
ôˣһͷʵޣʵ̫鷳ˡ
ˣӵ۹ޣ鷳ޱȣҪ飬ֱӰݣȥɣ
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ΪԶ۹ʦһڣضǷֱ꣬Ӵֱӡ
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ŶǴȥԶ۹Ҫһͷãٶȿޣ
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ʮ죿ͣüͷ𣺡Ҫôʱ䵽Զ۹Ҫߡص޲
಻ͬٶҲһЩأаصٶȣҲЩʵǿٶȴϲ١
֣Ҫʮ͸ϵԶ۹ûлߡأǲġ
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ҡҡͷңЩޣ󲿷ֶʺϳ;УȥԶ۹²һЩǿ̫࣡
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һ㣿оʮֻ꣬Ƥëѧһʲôô
Էֻѧһ㣬¶ʧ֮ɫ˰֣˵ȥͼǰ꣬һͶȻſ
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Ժеޡޣȫ˲ſڵɪɪҲȫһǰһڣһˤڵأͣ鴤


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ŬѧϰϹѧϰҲйذɣ

ԷβоϹʲôܲˣҲйء
ǡʱ˻ԣ޾ңڳĻһͷޡҸղ˵ʮͿԵԶ۹Ǹޣ
ȭͷǰ˵ܶ࣬ʱԲѣ֪ʲôЩһֱŬѧϰϹ֪˵ЩʲôʲôԸɡ
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ҲҪһɣ
νѧʲô˼ʵ̲סߺߵ
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ҲϱܲԶ۹Ҳѱʦǰһȴ֪Σգһû֣λѱʦһ뿪ֳ˹
Σ˾ΣҲû취ˣֻɶԷңֻÿΣλǮȥ
˵Ҳֻ֣ҪǮϹȥһ׶Ҳתȥֺ
֮ǰһֱûŪףΪԼλʦѱǿöԷҶ֣ڿºȥͷйء
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ԽԽʢԷ֮Ȼ࣬ԭʯʬ壬𽥱úΡ

֪Լǰ׼Ч˿ٴ趯ǰٻ

һ޴޻ǱٻڿУȻ
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ʱɶ֮ǰҺµѨ˲ǴբŵĺˮȻΧֱսȥ
̫󣬸ղŻȹڿе̱꣬˽ȥ

ҩɲǼ壬ٴһѪ֣ϸӿԷ壬漴ޣʯһǣ仯ʺ죬·
֮ǰԵĴһҲʼ˺ƺʱ
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692 ʦѧԺĹ
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ʦҪ㹻ĸְҵܿ˳ɹѧԺѧϰʦĵطศְҵֱڲѧϰ
߽ܵķչЩְҵѾֳʮѧԺֱǵԺԺ칤ԺԺ黭Ժ似ԺѱԺҽԺħԺԺ
ԺҲѧϰĵطҾѧϰԺѧϰĵط֮ǰҵǰһŲϣõʦָ㣬Ȼü
칤ԺԺ黭ԺҽԺҲ˵ʦҲ֪ʲô˼ھ˵˵似ԺħԺ;Ժ
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700 Ե±Թ
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ѧֹȻϬѪȴҲ޵УʦҲһΣ֪ɽɽ˵ĵ
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ղŶԷҪսûʵҲ˿̵뿴λʦΣֻζû뵽ôǿ
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ԷԬεĸ飬ˣ֪ѧкõȥ·ǺɵߣأݼʶͲһЩʦܹģ
ֻҪ䣬λʦǰ;
Ԭҵ״ѧԺ֪ί߲ƽҵԬң
꣬һ
ȻڵʵУԺУԷŰԬΣҲ⣬ȥԬңʲôͷ
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ֻ֪гѹͻƣܵõĺôֻ֣Էػ

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ʱλʵʦȻһöƷʯãʱԳЦ
û˵꣬ͿϵĶһ

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Ĵֻҵʵġ
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703 쳾̤첽
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704 ſ˿ʼ
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ͺ㡢ˡϡţ̡ڼЩԶζһ𣬹Ҫӡ
ͼݣֻȡһĹںϡ
ҡҡͷ̲סһʧƬ̺¶һ֮ɫȻͼ޷ںϣܲԡڳһ
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705 Ҫ
ǣһμλʦҲǧˣʦѧԺһѧﵽ벽ǡ۷ľ򡭡
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ȥԽ磬ɱ޵Ļ͸ȫͣ


707 Կʼ
ʦǸղŵĶԼ˭Ļָߣ˭ʤ
˿ɽ֡ͲסתͷЦһŷ⣬Ҳɽϳȥ
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֪ڶհҲƴǣһܣ۾һϸɽ֮Уȥ
۹ǰ˵ʦ
Զ壬ⶸͣռҲܿͨʯֲ࣬ŵ˾޴ɽ֮УҲͱ΢ˡ
ѡͨû̫ǰϡ١
һﵽ徳۷壬ٶȼ죬ʮӺ󣬾ͽɽ֡
ïֲܵϵ̫ڣɽ͸¶Ϣ
ɽУȻһûУҲ֪Ǳǰˣ޸ˣ֪ôʦɱǰһֺ֮С
ʦôߣ
һᣬ˵ޣëûһ诵̲סЩ
ԶֻҪأûôҵżѱʦѾһЩټ
ЦЦ
ȥʦݣһλͨѱʦɽȻտסѱʦ۾ġ
ο֮ۡ
ңصٺãҲѲ
ǰһᣬͻȻͣк˲Ҫ˵һġ

һһâǰ͵ұȥ
֣ΪҪʯͷһʯ飬һɫӰֱ˳
۷ޡХǣ
û뵽һʯ档
ˣȥǰ濴
ּ֪ޣ诵ûʲôѹҲ֣ڵһ̤ǰӡ
ɽȣбϣĴȻж͵ʯȴҲïֲ֦ܵ㣬һǰߡ˹

ͣüͷ
Ⱥĺۼ
ǰĵ棬Ȼû̫ӡǣ֮תɿǰȺ
౳ܡݱϻԳȺʮͷͬޣҡǴﵽ龳óٶȵģ
۲һᣬжϡ
޵಻ͬµĺۼҲһһۿȥȺУȻϳʮ֡
Щޣƽǵжԣȴһ𣬿º֮ǰӳ˵һѾһ𣬴Χɱ
ʦ
ڼ۲죬ҪȺޣȥͼ诵׷
һͷ徳۷ޣ˵ȷʲôɾͽ֮նɱ
ֻǶп˵ּ̫࣬ģɱһͷͷ챭ˮн
ţѹǸһƱģ
΢΢һЦ
Ȼʮͷص·˴Ȼ취ɵˡ
ֻҪնɱɾ˵Ļ֣Ӧö㹻
顢ˣ֪ʮͷ龳ǰ棬Ҳ²Ӳ壬һʵѴﵽ۷壬սǿ龳޶ѣֻҪԸ⣬һ˾Ϳȫɱ
һƱģ
˲⡣
ţҵĹ۲죬ղӦһȺ龳޾ֻҪնɱô˵Ļ־͹ˡһЦ
龳ޣ
ȫ˷ܵ۾Ź⡣
һ龳ھܵõʮ֣ͷ˻־Ѿ㹻
ڻ᲻Σգʦа벽ص޳ҪΣգһ֣ȫ⡭

ȥЩʲôһΣźۼǰ׷ȥ
ԡ
һᣬͣ
ôˣǰ
ǰв󷨵ĺۼûд򶷵ĺۼ
ü
ʲô˼˲⡣
в󷨵ĺۼҲ˵֮ǰûд򶷵ĺۼҲͱȺޣδмƣǰ㿪ˣ
͡
޶ȻУ󷨣żԶܣ
诲廰
ǴҪУǰҲûʲôɣ
ǵƣ龳ʦ·˵صĻδܹ֡
ҡͷ
ûôס
ԷȻѾȥۼڣȫԸЩ󷨵͵ȼ
󷨣ƣʩչۣ֮Ȼѷ֣οһȺޣ
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Ҳ֪׷ȥ
Ҳ㲻ô£ҲûʲôɾģۼȺޣǹȥã׷ȥӦܹŪôˡ
ã
֪Ŀ϶ûں档
һǰУһѰҺۼʮӣٴͣ¡
ôˣ⸱飬鲻Խǰ
ղ˾ˡѪնȺûϵ뿪ˡ
һڿµϢ
Ѫ
ţ弶ҩ龳޸û취ܾԽԽ֡
Ʒ޻ܾܾѪһãѪм棬ȻҲסЩˡ
ޣӵôߵ̣֪壬ףҲûô޳豻շˡ
һ󷨣ɺϣѪջ󣬶ֵܵ˲òˡ
Ҫǣ󷨵˺ͷ³Ѫ޵ˣˣ

ˣѵɱˣ
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ΪҲž֣ͷ
ȻȺޣǰ󷨣ǰ಼õ壬϶ҪϢ뿪֣
ڣһȺ˷ˣڶȺҲˡͺǹй¶ۼҵһ㡣
Ͳò˼ˡ
׷ȥ
֪ᣬҵ𰸣׼뿪ӡǣ׷ȥ
˽ϡ
ܿ˰ʱɽת˺ܴһȦȻ˺üд򶷵ĺۼ
Щӡǣʮּ򵥣ӦԷûôսֱߡ


708 Ȼǲȣ
᲻Ƿ˸٣鷳ֱߣ诵
Ҳпܣͷ˵ЩʲôͻȻȺв֪˭˳쿴ǰˣ
ǰȻڵϣϴѪЩˡ
˶ֻл۷ʵһôˣͬʱһ䣺ǻûԵޡ
˵һ䣬뵽ʦ֮䲻ᣬ˿
⼸ҼԶ۹ģ
说
ͷ
Զ۹ͻ۹һڶȵ۹ʿӺʱסıȽϽܹϳ
ˣǲǱ޹
Ҳ˵ˡ
ǣ֪ûе⣬Ҳû
ʮͷ龳ޣɱǣӦúܼ򵥣ΪֻǴˣˣ
ü
һͷ龳ɱλʦͺܼˣοʮͷҪ֣òһ˾ͻ
ûҪֻ˸˾뿪
㡭ô֪Ǳʮͷ龳޹
еһʦ̲סһ㶡
׷ЩޣȻ֪
ŶʲôԭҲ֪ߣһô࣬Ϊˣ˭ֻ֪һ£תߣʲôʦش
Ӧ±׷ϰɣһʦ廰
Ⱥ޸߲ãǰ˾׷ӦǺ׷٣ͣ
Ǻ׷٣϶ǳŭǣȻ顭
说ʱҲˡ
ȺһҪǷǣ±׷ϣȻ飬ֻֻܿˣ
ǰʲôط
üëһ̲סʵ
ǰһ죬ԶΣյϿ֮һһ˵ʦ
Σգˡʲôһ𣬼Ҵǰȥ˲ϡ
һᣬһ޴ɽȣܶǶ͵£Ͽһߣһһ򵱹Ī֮С

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ܵǻףǰսȫɻĿ
ȥ֪ˡ
һָ
Ͽȵһߴʯڰգܴǰĳ
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Щޣк龳ģ쾳ģһǿƥΧмʦȻҲ٣ôΧˣ֧
Χˣѵղʮͷޣǹ¶ʦȻ󡭡Χ˼𣿡
һ飬ݷס
Ȼܶ࣬һôΧס϶Ҳɣ
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౳ܡݱϻԳЩޣ½ϼóٶȵģ񱼣쾳ʦץס˿ȴһȦһһʦȻͼı
ֻû뵽ȻΧ֮
ˡ
˶ɱޣôû뵽ѾˣննֹȷȻ򣬴㽫࣬һɱ
£
Լ᲻Ҳ޵ȦףΧ
ʦô죿
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Ϊʦͬ鱻ΧȣɡҪȥƾЩˣҲǱˮн޼°
ˣҲܽô˾£
ʦְǱ壬ΣգҲҪά𡭡ͬѲȣ뿪Ҳʧ׼Ժ粽ѽ
ɡҪ˵ĻȫûûκЧ
ǰҲǣҲǡ
˳Ĭ
ˣƾǵʵ϶Уȣͬ鱻ɱҲȻΣʧȥһֱֵĵ
˿϶Ҫȣȥ϶У
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ǳڵġ󡿣ǵ۹󷨴ʦȻ۳ˮо󷨲ʮ鷳ѧϰ꣬ҲҪһʱĹ򣬲ܳɹؼǡϿխβã
λʦɻĿ
󷨾ãûһʱҲԳɹ˵󷨣Ҫʵؿ죬ݵˣҪ̣Ľڵ㣬ޱȡ
潻սȲ˵ܲܲóܹɹôΧЩʦҲֲôð
ο˲ȥβãҪȥһΧҲˣ
ΧٶλʦУ϶Ҳʦ޲ߣΣ
ȿ
ԷĻָһУ漴¼Ļ󷨣ǰ
ȱݣ
еͺ۾ȴѾʶ
һ֣Զ۹󷨴ʦȻԽΣԻеһУ쾳ǿߣѡ
ͼڿ鼫죬󷨵Ҫ㣬ȫԺ
۾ٴοˣλϿʯ
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ͬʱͷǶЩ
ƷʯȻ󣬵۷壬벽ǵʦ˵϶׼һЩ
ȫóÿ׼ʮ飬ģ˽裡
Ը
ã
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һʮˣң52λֳĶӣԶϡ˶׼ʯ
Ȼ֪Ǻ⣬ֻӷԸ˵˵ͷֳĲ
ʦ죬꣬ʮˡ
ˣȫ׼ãһҿϸִУһ㣬ˣܾ;Ȳˡ
ɫأˡ
ʦİɣ
İţ
˾ܻɻ󣬵Ŀᶨţ׹裬ȫ˵ͷ
Զ۹λʦѯʣ⸱̬ȣֻýҪ˵Ļʵһǰ꣬ɻ
꣬䲢Ϊ˶ţ
ǵ۹Ŀǰľ棬ӳּǿߣԳ֣˭Ȳˣ
Ѳɡһа취


709 춨
ɻ󣬾ͼǰ꣬ץ۾ֱĵΣƺڼ㷽λ
ʦҪû󡭡
Ķλʦüëһ
Ȳ˵ϿխԳɹ˵սϢݺᣬң̶Ҳڵ㣬βã
˵ʦǣǹҲԳɹɣ
ؼǣһ˿ֲ̳󣬲ܲܳɹ˿϶Ǳ¶ˣôޣŪþͻᷴΧ˭Ӳ
ĺð취
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ǵĽţЦŰο
ʦӴʱҲ˽⣬ƺħÿζܽ޷ɵ£ת
ͺͷˣӲ˵ɱκˣ϶ţȴʵʵˡ
ԼʵôʸλֶΣԳɹ
ΣȻѣԷܹ쵽Ϊ֮Ŀ
Ըɡ
˿Цҡͷ
˶ԻĹǰѾ۲˵ΣͻȻһ
׼ã
ȫУʯģӰš

λ꽫ôͼһݣڵһֱ̤޺ཻս֮ȥ
⡭
ͫһ˶һ
ǿ޽սģȥȷǾ˲
𣡺𣡺
Ȼ˲ʯӶΧʦޣͬʱʱһб
޵Ĺ쫷磬һУ˵㻯ǿߣ¶䡣

˾Զпܻûǰͻᱻնɱǰе꣬Źֵƽߡ
Сߵľ룬ȴøղŵϹ˲䵽˿մ޹

ЧŭˣٴοʮǵصĻ
βͬ
ղϣǿ˵ֵסڣ๥ɢǰĵ·ȫ
ЩСһУȻˣֻҪ׹䣬ͻΧ˵ˣѱ
ʦ̲סȭͷ
޹Ҫڿлɱһλ龳ǿߣ»ֻҪУ϶Ҫ׹䣬ʱ㲻ùƾЩ޵أȶˣ
쿴
ǵĵʱ򣬲֪˭˳ˢˢȥȫ鲻Խһ
ֻͱʯǰеʦӰڹлζǰ֪λһȻΣգȴÿζܺ˵Ķ
ͬڵ裬Σգȴûܵκ˺
ǿļ˾ֵ
ͫ
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Ҳ˵ղվţڷŵλã˳㽫Щ޿ܹķλʽȫһ飬ǰ滮·ߣ
Ȼ˳࣡
Ҫļж


֪˵𾪺ͷ񣬲ͣΣʮڵ˱Χ˵ϿգһüëһƱ
ȥ
ˣ
ĵٸ죬̷죬ಣķɢͬʱΧȥ
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ղŸʦɫһףŵòûʯϵȥ
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˵Уʦǿ󣬾㲻̣ҲҵÿӦĽڵ㣬Ȼͬʱӳȥ˲䲼󡭡ôģ
λʦ촽¡
󷨣һɲ䣬Ҫϻиָݡ
ʦʩչ춨飬Ҳǲõ͵ȼ󷨣磬ļ弶ǰλ꣬龳󷨣Щǿˣô˸ַ
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𾪲֪ǺãһżĴ
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˿վþһڡ
ˡЩ̫㡭ǿ󣡡
Զ۹λʦ뵽ʲô̲ס


710 
ȻʦҪѣֻҪʵ㹻ȫһ֮
ͺڵ㱻ס֮ۡͼݣһȭȥҲԶ
󷨣һĳܷΧˣûκЧ
˵ʵǰһжǸơ
λʦṩĻȻﵽ弶ȴֻǳңס쾳ǿףҪס߼ˣ
ЩޣʵߵҲ쾳࣬һĹǻعһǿ߶Ī棬ȫӳϵĻ϶ֿסʱը
ǿ󣿡
⻰Ҳ׹ȫһס
վþ󷨾Ҫܲסô죿
ѲɣҪ󷨱ʦٴΣգ
֮ǰŬȫ֮ˮ
˽⣬ѵûʲô֮
̲סҲˢˢĿ⼯С
ṩģҲģûв֮󷨼ά֣
֮
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ʮλʦ󷨵ҲкüλֻҪзô˿϶ܹɵġ
˶࣬ʱ򡭡һöûУ
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ڸպЩõָܽ鷳
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âתӨ͸ǡ֡ԼĵĻշ
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ΪĻʤܵõû뵽ˡ
ⶫʥһ͵ϮҲˣ
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һ·ɣ·Ҳ˼ͷ۵ޣһȭɱڵ
ܿ죬ɽ£ǰѾ½½ӰҸƧĵطڵϣȺ棬ɽȥ


719 ֵջ
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ÿǰм꼶ʦ飬õڵƷ֣һͨģֻȻ˵һࡣ
Ⱥ棬ǰȥ
ӰصĲ٣ûͨƺࡣ
Ŀ˺ѣ˿ˣڵĹ۲죬޷أ
̫ˣ۹ʦһ𣬱Ϊοǣζû뵽޵ȦΧˣʧأ
Ҳˣ˵ˣӲɢʮˣһʱ磬ͻȻɢˣҵɱ˼ͷд󲿷޷أ
סǵޣҲɢֻûô˵ʵֻ̫࣬ԭϢõȫڵҲûҪˣ

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ԻڶУ˿
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һڵڵء
ö࡭
쾳ģһġǸʲô
ɫڵǡǡһ޵ڵ⡢ôܣ
ûɢϢͬâ۾ۣƤЩգҲֻйһһ
һ޶ɱȡڵѹָղŸ˵µһҪˣ
ǰ

عڵһ㶣漴ȫȻ
Ȳ˵ڵĻֵж٣˵öһڵڵһǧ֮ˣ
㼸λѧ֮ǰ˵λţҲѱϰɣ
ѹţȷŵʱ


720 Ҫ䣿
һޣɱ
һ㶣漴Ȼ
ָûڣҲ˵ⶫڶϡ
ȻˣɱһޣҲͲǲܡ
ԶȻӳյĲ࣬һ޻еģֻҪϸѰңȻҵ١
ΧʦɢûָӺЭֱ֣ɱ޵ļʴõô࣬ʲô
ֻǡһΪɶƤ
ѵͷޣϵ·Ҳˣ
ȤζҲδ̫˰ɣ
ѹЩƤеһû˴ָûУŪģҲѣƶӲ˺ġ

Էгͬ顣
ʦްǹ·ɽȣ붼ޱȡ
ͬ飬һȴôã˾ȵĺ˫ֱǽתͷһӸµģҵڵóˣʦأ
ҵģ
֪ǣģڶ룬һЦһһڵҲ˳
·Ҳɱ˼ͷ쾳۷ޣټ֮ǰŪģҲ࣬ȫӳҲ𺳡
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ޡޡޡôô죿
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Ϊˣͷ˴ָҪʤԼѣû뵽һĹֻһ£ת

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˫78ֻ֣Ҫһ֣λʦҪõ78֣ܳ֡
һͷ龳۷޵ڵʮ֣Ҳ˵Ҫɱͷɣǡɱһͷ쾳ļģ
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أ
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ͷ벽޳裿ֻʹһΣѵûã
һۣɫͻȻɷס


721 ʦ
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ղɽʱע۲ˣ֪ĸطޣ֮ǰĺУֱӺͿе˵ˣһץһͷĻӦòѣͿʲôˡ
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죬˵ʦ޳裬ӳϲŶֻʹһεĹ涨Ϊ涨һζû뵽ʯͷԼĽš
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ǰһԴǣѧΪֹ
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˶ֹλһۣԥ
ϸ˵ȷλˣȻʦ϶ʤˡ
ʦĻûжԷֻ̣࣬ĻҲȷʵˡ
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722 ֣
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1900򶦵ǰײԷܣ̾Ӱѡ

ٴʩչٴγ嵽ǰ

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Էּľʦ³һΪ޶ڿѰ˰죬ʲôûҵֻε»صѧԺ

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ͣʦҲѧԺѧԱɣ
𾪹ʲôĸһѧԺôѧԱȥʧһҲû֪
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㿪ĸϧᱦû˰ɣ

үү֪
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Է̰֮Ϊ˾ˡ
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Է˵Ĳĸ󣬲ϧ˵ĿľѼⱦزŮ
Ůڸеʱ˸Ĳ֢ҽûһλ۷ҽʦҩ취ȡеΪ֮
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ʦԻҪǿ׻꣬ǳʮף֮ǿӹɣѧϰ޷ﵽľ磬˵Էˮһ򵥡

ǸѧԱû뿪˼֪߲ˣ鼮˹ȥ
似ʦҲ輼Լ࣬ΪΪɱ֮һصһΪ깥ý顭
鼮˵Ļ̲סͷ
ʦ輼׻ꡢʦһһֻϵĹҪ赸Ϊý飬ܷǿ
Ȼý飬᲻깥һ赸ͲҪˣ
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ⱾؼдЩԣʦķʽͬյĴ޽ʤнʤǰ
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޴Ļ壬ǵõ˴һ㣬Ӿ͸
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ţˣ
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׻꣬Ҳ˵ʣǿģûԷһ·֣ôܣ
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Ϊﵽʥ򣬳ףԿռԼȻصúأΪλãطͬɻᱻ֡
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ռƺֻеȫһǱס˲ӣʱᱻѹĻɢ
ĻȻ޴󣬿ʵֻлغ龳۷壬ʥǿ߱ȣʵ̫ˣ
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771 
ʥǿߣԷռ䣬еˣͬ׹̶á
գʵҲﵽʥ򣬲ƿٶȻܵ෢ǰʮ֮һ
ɫѿһҧռܡ
Էƣٶֻ֮ǰʮ֮һţһ㡣
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깥
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صȻŪûᱻһɱˡ
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ΨһĻᣬǻص
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ףӱܹײð
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ƣͼеŮѾ׷ϣһģǰҵĿռ䱻סγһ
أأأ
ܵΣգ룬ȭʩչҪƿ쾳1600򶦵ƿʥǿߣڵ
ʲôˣΪҪھѧԺԺ
֪һƲŮӲδٴζ֣Ŀ⾼Ŀ˹ȥ
أ
Ȼش𣬷񹥻һ

ԼʻһȻŮɫͨ죬һһɻصĻ۶
ӣٲش𣬿ܻһƽɱ
룬׻ʦеһּ£׻괫жʧˣŮӾΪʥߣҲֻ֪Ǹ޻壬ܻش
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ס׻ġ
һ̷Ůĵʱ׹䣬æͣһȭʣлǰѹסħ߻ħĶˡ


772 
Ķʵ̫ˣӲҪֻͣ˵ħҲһЩ
Ȼһ˵룬ǣ׻꣬Խ˵Խࡣ
֮ǰԷֻǣֻҪԼģҲ޴׷顣
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ղǸڲĶʲôϵ
ȻҲֻпܣš
ͻȻ˸Ĳ֮ͣһִϵҪ˵ûϵܣ
Ҳ֪ǰ˵ʲô֮ǰ˼衿еϸڶ򣬲ŵ²߻ħոջָһ飬֪飡
²մǣƵһɶУпѱ磬޷͡
裿Ǿʦо輼ﵽһ˼ƭңüëһ壬ŮӺߵ
ٴƺʱ֡
ǰһʮң˵Լ˿˵˼輼ɻŹ֡
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Ʈ輼˵Ŀǣǧǰ۷循ʦ磬ף

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һ䣺ɣҸһ輼ѧĻ
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ҿԽ㣡


773 ⵰
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Ʈ輼ĿǰǿУһֱ޷ɣܸɣʵԻӣ
輼ľȻûеĳ֮УȴΪڼįţֻҪľӳͬľˣ
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׻ɣһһ֣
ӾѧԺ׻깦ڻָҲˡ
ֻлǵʵǿŻף֡

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Իǣûйһֱں龳þûнˡ
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ͷʮ׸ߵĻ壬Ҫ࣬һöƷʯֻöѡ

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³һʣµİ˿ʯȫȡ˳ͷÿĿ顣
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ͻƹһһöƷʯ
ﵽһڣһöࡣ
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ͷصĲò׵õʮöƷʯȫĹˣŸսһڣһԹ
Źһô󣬰漶ԽԽߣ϶Ҫ࣬ô죿
ΪʮöƷʯѾ˸̣˭֪գ۹ٴα⵰


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תͷֻһۣͫ鲻Խ̲סƿڴ
Ҳܣܼ⡭


800 ֣
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ʱĻ壬ٴһﵽ˶ʮ״Сƺɽ
Ƥװ󣬻ʣһҺһա
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ǰǽת𰸺ѶϢõƷʯٵ֢ʮƽ⣬ٶȿ֪ת̫죬ٶ̫ͣܳܵסŹ֡

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ƽٶ̫죬ǽزס
Ԫɴ۾ûϹˡ
ļٵģ
ǽϵ֢ȥƽǳѣ˵ʦɣôʮȫƽꣿ
ѵǡ
ͻȻŮĻ̲ס˹ͼҲԲ۾
ɻȥǽæʵ
ûУһŮ¡

һ±䣬ҲͲסȥ
˼ҴǽȥȻ֮ǰߴͨ˿ѾһƬ棬ͣð̡
һ˻ͷĴӷ߳˵Ǳ
ʦʲôԪæӭȥ
λʦͬʦܣտǽġ
Ǹܹǽսе֢ȫˡΪ۵ѧ̫࣬㲻ԡͨˣ
ʦ촽£æ͡
۵ѧ̫ࣿԪһ㶡
ǰǽֲǲ֪Ϊ˹ѧԱԽ죬õѧԽߡһʱһܵһѧ֣֣֣ܵһӶֵ
ʦ͡
Ԫͷ
ǽȷֹ涨
ʱԽ죬Խ࣬õѧҲԽߣҲΪѧβٶȣڸʱβˡ
λڽ˳ٵ֢ѧ̫࣬ѧԺѧּһ𶼲ټϻת̫죬ͱˡ
ʦ͡
ѧֲ
һΣԪǰһڣûȥ
˵׬ȡˣʮѧ֣


804 Ԫ
ʮѧԺÿʮ꣬һݶѧ֣ṩѧ
ѧԱ٣ŲţѧΡ
ҽʦѧԺĴѧԺݶʮʱڣ֧ʮѧ֡
ѧ顢ѧУʹãܹգγѭ
λǽ޷ѧ֣Ӳ̮˵õѧֵʮ
Ҳ˵ҽʦѧԺʮѧֵܺϣ
ʦƹѧֺ䣬ѧֲġˣҪˡ
뵽һ£Ԫһ飬Ҫˡ
ʦ飬ƹѧԺҽʦ˺ѧַ䣬ʮѧ֣һ˵õȴûѧֵѧ᲻ܹ鷳
ģһ٣صģ¶Ҷ֣
ѧǣѧԱУòΥѧԺĹΪܸԺҪܵͷ
ΪһܹȥԺ״û뵽˼һûȥֻ˸ǽͽʦ˷˼⣬˭Ȳˣ
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ǰʦҲʶ㣬һЦ
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һ飬ԪһΣ̨֢ȥǸʲô
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촽һ飬ԪҪˣźʦ˼ҴҸϹȥֻһۣ;鲻ԽһΡ
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ֻҪѧԺĴҽʦһнѲ֢Լҩдϣú˳ݺհ
طѧûϵֻǼ˵ڣܹȥʲô
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ƻҽʦѧԺĶȱµĲƸ񼫣㹻ʦֱͥˣ
⡢ôܡ
֣ͼһһ͵߹ǻ㱣ʲôҪˡ
Ҷʦ
Ԫæ
ʦܣȱֵά
Ϊҽʦ߹ȸԺƹܣҪλʦѧ
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Ҷʦ׷ʲôǲȱ֣Ԫ̲סʵ
ҶʦҡҡͷԼ֪ˡ
Ҳͣȡһ¼񾧣˹
Ԫʦ˼æͷȥ
ֻâһȱӣһ˹ֻ˭
λһʯǰ
ҽʦѧԺոսʱһλԺıģһĹףһǽȮ֢
Ȯ֢ǵеһֹ첡֢Ȯҧһڣڱᷢʥǿ߶ѣһʼƤȻë̶̼죬ͻʧȥǣɼ˾ҧĹ
ʱ֢ӣΪķλԺĿУƳҩ
ҩֻԤܸΣΪ˽ѧԺ֣Ѿնɱ𻯣˲֢ӣ
Ȼʱɱ¾ܶ࣬ȴھ˸ˣˣλԺҲ˳ݣ
ɻ󣬾ͼλʯһۣ촽ſ
Ȯ֢ȮޣѪҺжɵġֻʹÿǮҶǮȮ޵ͷѪһʱܽ㽫ȫնɱ𻯣õҩ۸ʮ֮࣬治֪ʲôԺģѵú˾ľٶ𣿡
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Ļʯȱµƺ֪ҩʺƲ֢ɱ¾ȷˣһһζȻը
ţڶʯ͵һһһۣ˵һҩ̺ȱıģٴξΣը
һ·ǰһ·ڡ
ӿʯʼ˵ûУÿοڣȻһʯը
Ҳ˵˵ҩҪʯµģӸ߼Чƣ
ҽȶȱ̾硭ȥµĺۼ
Ԫʦ˸ҳ顣
֪ΪҶʦЩˣ
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ǽ̨֢ȱ֡ҽʦҪֶ׷ˣʦ׵һʲôĹ̥
ȱδݻٵһ飬Ԫ̲ס
˵ȱȱݣ±Ĵݻ٣ǵûййͣ
ҪǴҽʦᣬ϶ܵ
һۣ֪ҩ󡭡һﵽôģ
ˣأȱ̮ȥ
𾪹ԪŷӦ̲סæҡ
ʦˣʦȥڶ㣬㴳ҽʦҽʦ
ͻȻ֪˭˳ﻹûһζʯӶ¡
漴ǰķ䣬˲㸲
ҽʦˣ
Ԫˡ


805 ҽʦ
ҽʦһ߲㡣
һβǽ֮ĶС
ڶ㼰㣬ֱһҽʦҽʦĿ˻ء
ҽʦѧԺһҲǻغ󷨵ںϣ˵ˣУҪзҽѧ֪ʶҪβľ顣
βҩǧ֣ͬһֲ֢ɿ֡ǧֲͬҩ
ˣҽʦĿˣ壬ȱԿߵҩм顣
Щ⣬˿ˣû̫⣬λͲһˣ
ȱֵҩһĲǣȱµġȷ𰸡϶Ҳһõҩ˵ȱȻѵ
ȻȻ󡭡ͺȱһȻˣ
ҽʦѧԺ˲֪꣬ȱľȻȲһ
ѹԺԺһĮԺɫ賤ơһֱͲˣ
ԪӿסʯŽǰ̮ͣĴԪʡ
ȸԺƹҽʦˣλŪһڹġΣֻʦһ˳е
һʮҶ
ЩˣҽʦѧԺˣ
Ȳ˵Щ˵϶᳹ɨء
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ټѧȫһɨ⣬Ƿ˼Һܶ࡭룬ѧ϶ܹ⣬ҽʦѧԺȻΪʮѧԺףԺ磡
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ҽʦܲ롾ҽʦսҽʦѧԺҽʦԺ飬׼
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һȸԺû뵽һȻսҽʦɫһݵҽʦȡ˳ҧָѪȥ

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Щƣʦ
Ԫˣַ˻ᱻŪֻ㣬ǶԷ
æһȴʦѾԶʧȥټ
УȥȰ衭
֪ʦͶԷûһʤ㣬Ҳ̲סֱ׷˹ȥ

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ҽʦܲ롾ҽʦսҽʦѧԺҽʦԺ飬׼


806 ķƶ
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Ӷӳ϶Եɴ۾
˵һͳ¡׷ʲô
һﲻǺܸѱʦʦ
ɶʱҽʦˣҪս飿
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µɴ۾ǲŵĿǰ¡
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һΪֵöû뵽һݡȥ
ͷЦ
ᣬŪʮĺӽΣ͹˷ˣһݣһֱӺһλԺӲɡ
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ںڵ㷢ѩ׵·ϣͬīɫΧ̺콻ӦһС
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֪һ飬׷ŭܱƵʹɱﵣ˺Ƥ飬治֪ʲô

һЦһΣգ۹ʧԺ䡣

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807 ۿ
⡭ӳϡԱȫĬ
˼ѱޡϵ츳ҽʦÿһ˵ʲ֢ͬͬͬҲвͬƷ
ЩǿģҪʵ
ҽʦĴ߷ãսֻвͣˣҽ
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ʦ츳ѣʮңսʤλӽһǧ꣬ϵ鸱Ժ
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˭ãҪʦѧԺУ͵Ĺֵ̥˭
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ҺֱǾʦÿˣȻǾԺҲĲˡ
ԺüëһϣǡǲǸðѱʦ뿼һԣ
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ͨǽ˵֢Ѳס
ز̨֢˵µĲ֢⼫
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Ҳԥ̧ͷͽƿеĶҩУ漴ƿۣ˹
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ʥҺζܴ󣬴˿¯ⶾ󷨴⣬ζ֮أŻ
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֪˶ãϵʧɫףƺҲѬòᡣ
ȴ¶˷֮⣬̲סһ˻һ˦䣺ĶҲˣ
ȻⶾʱȶԷáҩҲҺȵ󣬴ƽ֣㲻϶ԷӮ
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824 ɰɣɺף
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829 Ժ޳裡
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831 Ū㣡
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836 ʥ̨
Ҫô⣬Ҿû취ˡ
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ʦͻú˷еİأ룬СλʦȴǽɣֻҪľ㹻ҪҲͻơͻƸҿͻƲŲҴ㣿
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ڶηأããݣѹ磬ǰС˵Ҫη壬Żоͬѹڼ򣬲ܽһ򽾰ԴֻͣͲǰ
仰Ըտʼеߣûκδ󣬵ʥУη壬ôɳ
ǿߣɱ񣬷ɱֻвηһеͻˮԷ

Ĵ

վұǰ絶ÿһ䶼ֱָƪĵõȱ㣬ȻǺ΢ȱݣ˶Уȫɫһ̲ס
ұϵ֣ǲûɹֻһ뵽ǿʦȻȻõķȥ롣
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ĻǶܱα˵ʦҲˣ
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837 ۵ռ
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ʯ̨Ҳʧȥ˹âʧڳʯ֮Уδֹһ

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˲ݣתһȦŮü𣬲֪뵽ʲô֮ǰ΢ڴ񣬱Щʧ䡣


838 ټʦ

֪˶ã³һںڵ˫Ŀͷų⡣
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ʦģľ̶ȱϴЧһ2.0ʹﵽ19.1ڣһͻƵ21.1
ʦҪ󣬾ľﵽ21ڵľȻʦ
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845 ѡԺ
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뿼ʦֻһֱ̬ѧϰٶȡǣӦòѰɣ


846 Ժ
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һɶڶħʹﵽˣѧϰһְҵҲѲ˶೤ʱ䡣
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ʦԵʱй¶ΪһѣҪ󣬻󼶱Ҫͻơ˵ȫܡ
⼸ȥʱ򣬲СͻƣѾ̤龳ˣ

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ţԶ۹˻ңǿľĴ塣ڵˣʵǿ󣬾ԺյĵλңҲòáԶڵϼң֮һڵңԼң˳ŵĻҵһϼ࣬ڶҺ΢Щ

ҲĴ֮һĺ󱲣ǰλȻҲĴˣ֡
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һЩеĴ壬Ѫ裬ʮעأϵλԶ
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˵ĶԻٶȼ죬ŷ¾ƱЦſ¹һ󣬲֪
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˰֣Զƺ֪˵Щʲôֱӿھܾ
´ʮʶ֪һ׷Ŀ꣬Ҳ˲ŬܹﵽĵλʵиļλΪʦҲӦ֪ΪδֻΪҪһʸվǰ
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855 ǧ
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ּ󷨣˺Զ۹ķ룬ﵽ˷ŵ۹ķΧ
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860 ħԿ
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870 Һ
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871 ȫͻ
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872 Ҫˣ
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873 ϣ
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ˣÿμ˹Ƕͷ
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ǵҽʦʱ߸õ־綾
ҩһã̸ʴ;ʥǿ߶⣬Ȼʥҩܵ־綾Կ⡭ֵܼԲ˵ϵˣȻηǴģȴҲȻ̲˲ٴ֮
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ʦһλʦ겻20꣡Ȼ䲻ȴ߱ʦʦҽʦħʦʦְҵͨѱޡԼҩһλ֪۵ĳţ

ְҵ㸨ְҵٶ࣬ҲֻǸʦʲôʸ񣬳ΪԺ
ǰȱľţֻҪûﵽһزԺҲûʰɣ
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Щ۹ȻȨԺȴǿͶƱ޳ɻ߷ģôףȫɣϱøʦù
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Ϊʮϵλͬ˵Ժλûй뷨Ǽٵģһ¸أʵʦȻ˵ʲôᰵһֻ20ʦϿɲŹ֣

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ҪʦҪʵٴﵽϷ⾳۷壬ԺֻǳڣһЩȻڼ¼ɽأͬʸ񿼺ˣ
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ӳϵ˵ͷʦõļԽߣҾԽǿѾǴ½ĵĹ涨ˣܶ۹ʦΪģͺԶǣܹ֮ҪΪиʦѧԺ
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894 Ժ
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ʦѧԺʦ̫飬̫ˣ
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һܲʱټĹ㳡Ѿۼ˽ӽѧԱ
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ŶȻסҲ֪Щֳ࣬İɣҶʦִ磬ģ
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ܿߵȺм䡣
ˣ⼸λҪѵ᳤
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ѾѧԺˣԼںߵСͤ桭
æ
ţӵ˵ͷһУߣȥ
ԱѹѹѧԺĵĺȥ

֮ͤУȪվУλҹӣ˫ֱ󣬿ǰ΢紵²Եĺ棬㻳ˡ
ǼӦҵѵ˰ɣ
ᣬһ²̨ѵһ٣ʵͷ֮ޡ
٣ദôãҰ»ģȪЦҵĶǾףһ٣Ҳû˻֪˭ɵģ
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һҵʹ˸еƺ˶ǳ֣ǧ̤һ㡣

֪ãת
ŷֻѾûһĵطѣףݵ߰˰ˣ׵Ҳϲˡ
ѧԺɶûɡôͱˣң
ؼǡ˭ֶ֪
ܸң׷ʲô
һǸɵġ
˲֪ãҧгݡ
ɵҲ˳
ǹѵģҪ˵ǼһûϵԲţ
٣ô죿Ȫ̲סʵ
ô죿Ȼظۡ峤һҪСһݺݵĽѵ֪Ĵ岻Ǻǵġ

⸱ģ϶ǲܲμԺļλˡ
ȻˣǾͻȥףλ֪ĴˣҲҪԼȭͷӲ

䳡Ѿˣ飬10
ԺļλУܱ۹Ļʵ۱¡ʦ۷ǿߣȻã׼μƴʢᡣ
ϾҪʼˣ
ԺӦòԳϣ½ϣ˵ʵȻǿԺȻǲ˺ܶ࣡
ǰϧԺʧˣڶûл˭Ҳ֪ѧԺ͸¶ϢӦ׶༪ˣ
ԺռλЭһ֣һʣ
ãҲ֪״Ӧ˶Էʲô

̨۷׷ף˶Ŀ⼯мĸ̨ϣҪԺ˭

ۣ߷
λ˵Ա硣
һ㶡
Ȼ֣ѲɡԺ½⣿
Ȼɻ˻ȫֹͣۡ
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Ѻͼλʵۣһ£ԾʺЩ˵
ļ۸ǿ֪ģ˵ͨġֵǣ
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е𾪻ûһˬʵЦѧԺҵĻ
ʨܡͷޣҲˣΪʦѧԺԺ׼ҩʥҩʮ䣬񣡡

ʮͷʨʮͷܡʮͷͷ޲˹Աϣһ׼ӣڸ̨ϣ򿪣ҩ˱ǣʮ
ǡʥҩҶʥҩʾʥҩôʥҩұҽʦѧԺҲòɣ
ֹҽʦѧԺʥҩҶƮҶľݡЩҩÿһϡޱȣһɺԶ۹ĴҩҲУ
ǿǲǧ𻨣ҵ껨ʮ꣬߱ʮһȵ۹ûһ꣬Ȼдӣ
ĲݣҩóƣˡϡޱȣʱΪһݸ飬רѰңҵһֻ´ģЩǡģ

ֵĸҩʦѧԺҽʦѧԺʦȫҪˡ
Щҩģÿһֵߣ󣬶Էһóʮӣÿһ㹻
ֻΪ񡭡
ǰ붼˰ɣ
ǣ󡢺ԳҲˣΪʦѧԺԺ׼ֿʯʮ䣬񣡡

ʮҩʥҩ𺳻ûгͷߣҲǰһۻ
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ʮͷǣʮͷʮͷԳҲ̨Խϵӣһڿڴ򿪡
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ϡʯܶһıǰ
Ӧǡɣ˵ҪӲɱȻһɫ·ޱȣѪմһɵãһӣʮְɣ
ҿѪӡʯˣⶫͿĨڻĸ׻֭ˮҵȥʦṺ򣬼̫ͣûʸ񡭡ʦһӣ
ЩǽʯֻҪúọ̃ȫԱʯֵǼҲһӣһӵͰɣ
ЩòǻѩʯɣϣԵ°빦

Щʯһ֣ʦѧԺʦˡ
ΪʦʶָĿʯ̶֪ȣǰʮ䣬ļֵѹʦѧԺԶ۹Ҷò
ֻΪʦΪԺĺ
쳿࣬㲻˵ǩʲôƽȵЭ飬ʦѧԺ⳥ܶ࣬ɽ޳𣿡
ǰЩ㽫ʦѧԺ׳Ҳòѽ
ؼ˼͹ģ

ղվѧԱˢˢĿǰ쳿ࡣ
֮ǰһ˵ѧԺΪʦλֲ⳥˲֪ǮɥȨԺǲߣųɡ
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⣬ɵҲ֪νͱɥȨԺǼٵġ
ҡҡô֪
쳿ƵĿҪˡ
ܵ˼ϳȥ̸У˭ã϶Ʋ̸µݣȻҲɥʧϣۡ
˭뵽̸׳˸ߵ
˱ͷ񡭡
꣡
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ܳʱѻȸ֮󣬲֪˭˳
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漴һǼһĿ̨ǸɫȻֻжʮ꣬ӿҪըˡ
ѱʦѧԺѧԱȫץ
ѱһͷޣҪ꣬ǰ׼ֱʳͶãϰͽᣬүү̡
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ĪԺǿ󣬿ϧΪ˳ʦؿߣûΪʦõһʧ
ҵżǵʮԺȻһûͻ۷壬ﵽǣȴóһʮְ֣ҵҶÿһְҵϸѧԺĲƸ

ʦһȡ

У̨ϵӰһһ
һôûһԺӰ̲סü


900 һٿɺã
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ԺѫûüȥԺ꡿ʧˡȻҲû
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⣬ԱЦЦԺոޡʥޣڴѣʵϾǴѫ˵һ㹻Ժˣ
һֱʦѧԺһٶλԺûг׽ǰλ⣬κѫ޴󣬺ͿУʦȣв磬ҲԿԱǧţˡ
ҵĹѫ㹻ˣ˴һľȻ
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Ҳǣ϶ûôף˵֮ǰԺһϣɼͲߣٷ֮ʮ塣һλѧԱ
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ˢˢ̨ȥȻ̧ͷ񾼾Ŀǰһٶλȱʦ
Ա紫ʦۣʱ䳤ʵϲʮˡ
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901 ŹҰɣ
ǸղŶ룬ֻ仰Ļᣬʦ˵һ档
Ҫ˵չʾҽħ˵ע⣬岻ѣ
Ҫ˵չʾѫӴʦʬһأ޳ףȻԶ۹ҵѱޡʥޡȫףκһԺ˿
ˣλ״ѧȻʵߣΪ似⣬Զʦ似ԺƸΪϡ
һ쳣ڣȱЩȫտڲ̸ֱҪȥˡ
磬ʦå
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ΪչԼԿ䣬ͣģΪ˵õȨУӬӪ伫ġɴûٻ֮ҪǶֵġ
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֮ǰĴǵѧԱϣ˿̣Ҳȫ˵
ԺϿˣǻʲôʸɣ
ãȻʦѾõԺϿɣôͽһԺ
зӦԱ绷һܣɳƵ
ڴ֮ǰԺһùΣ


902 ë¿Ҳ
ԺǼʦѧԺʦׯءʥڴ֮ǰԺйΡ
ȫУʦڿڿζ۷ˣô˵֮õķӡ
ҲʦĿΣ
ѧʦ϶ǿ
̫ˣԺϿɣ֪ڿʲô
˶¶ڴı顣
ʦѧΪʦȻǿ
ȻҪҾ͸һûΰɣǰһ̨Ե
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˵ʦ֮ģʦĸֻ֪н֪ʶݳȥܸõķҲûʲôɲ׾ġ
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908 ƵĿ
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Ըõģ
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һ˲䣬ԱȫǺ档

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˳ͨǰ˲㣬ŷԼĿܣ˿ȥ
˵ʵǸ߹Լ
ԿʥĿܣЩˡ
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ǵ㣬Էָ㣬ɹʦ˳ء
ڵ߲㣬ԷԼս޷ʤ£ֻýƬ
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ԷǸӣϲʵ̫ˡ
ڰ˲㣬Ī߹ƳɵĿܣǿһͱŹһ٣ڵӣ˿Ѫ
Ϊ޷ͨͻȻ֣ܾȻõľʯƳɹġ
ľʯҫرʹõıһֱûҵȻʱϲ
Ҫ˵ԼҪʯԷ϶ᵱԼ֮£ֻһЩСƲߡ
ʯҫ˳ͻ˵أٴα
֮ǰƾӵ1600򶦣ڷȻﵽ3200򶦣
Ҳ˵ƾȻȲϷ⾳ǿߣ
2900򶦡2000򶦵ĻȫȻﵽ8100򶦣
ʥ۷壬ԶԶ磬ĪĿܣûκ׼֮£ȻһȭɣǽϣԹȥ
ʥ6000򶦣6500򶦣7000򶦣۷7500򶦣
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һȭͽĪ߹γɵĿܴĻԣʵδԴΪѾӵ˿ȴʥ۷սˡ
ɣΪһԼսһΣѾϵȱݺ©ȫ֪ˣټ϶ԷУŵԳɹ
һһλȫֵĴʥ۷壬ڶԷҪʤ϶Ҳûôס
СΪá
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ɣǼįѩġ
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һ·ضˣΪη壬ͣͲǰԼöԲԼ
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ԣʦԼƳʥ򼶱Ŀܣ
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ȭǰһ
ֻǿܣ϶Ҳ͵ڰ˲һ̺ʦСơ
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Ϊ֮ɫ
˵ʵƾʵҪʤԷԼûС
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ֶֻΣԸʦʵЩⲻȥʮֲ˼
һñ֪ΪԺעݣһẦߵġ
õģֻҪʤңʲôֶζã뽲򣡡
ƺǣʦЦЦ˵ʵʥʵһʥûﵽ˳֣ǲ򣡡
ȷŹ֣Բý򣿡
ʦ΢Ц
Ȼ˵Ǿͺá
Է˵Ҫ˿еĸһ

Դǰ
ȥһιȥ
һڣ졣
İɣµĿܶѣھͰ
ԴӦһһΣҪȥ
ʦѧԺʥͼ¿ʦʱһ۾˳
š
һ飬ʦܲûιȥæȡ
ôˣ
ʾԴͣ£ɻĿ
˵ɶֶζãڽԴٻôˣ
ȿȣ˵ǿֶΣԶʵԼְָҵǡʥȻʥ֮һֻлһصˣҲܴͬӵһس¼ɽҲû壡
ʦɫһ죬
û˵
¼ɽǿ˸ģ㽫ʥóʵУҲ϶˳ˮ˳磬һ·ͨذ
˹ƨ
⡭ˣ
ͷԴٴջؽָһһͨľƷģֱԷָ˹ȥ
˰ɣ
ʦܵ˵ͷһЦ˵ͼһâֱ˳ǣҫ۶Ŀ


910 ˣ
ý
۾һʦ̲ס˵ͷһΣӭ
˲䣬һһܣսһ
䣡
ȫʩչΣ಻罭Ӿˣһһ㣬ԽԽǿ
ȻûĽལγɵȫʩչŻΪζʥǿ߶ȻЩֲ
Ľ˵̫ˡ
һЦʦǰ˹

ĿޱȵĽâ֮Уް
֪˶֣üëһȫ͵ؼ
¡
ݵĿ򣬽âٴη賤ʦָһ

ѣˮ
ֻýͬײһ¾޴ǽϣһۣѪ˺Ѷؿһƣ˳ȥ
ڿУ쳾̤첽תһڵذϲȳһŽӡ
ٴǰ˹

ǱпĻâʦеȱݴ䡣

һоҵϵȱݣʦһ㶣漴ٴһЦһΣݡ
֮ǰֵȱݣʧ񲻴һ㡣
ȱҲȫκȱģԷʵ̫ǿˣ۷Ӧʶٶȣ죬㷢©Ҳá
ΪûüͱԷܿνȱݣҲͳЦ
ǴʦѧԺǿߡ
ɫࡣ
һʥڣ©㲻Ҳ϶æңǰͬȻǰԤе˼кս棬֪⽣ԵλãӶǰȱˣ
£
ԷѾʵǿˣͬˣȲۣ֮սľҲԱġ
ֻҪͿ϶ȱݣҲܶ㵽ʱ
Ҳš
Ȼƽʱ򣬶޺ͽԴ֣ô鼮ܽ˳ս⣬սĽҪ
ĸ
ںططֻҪУ©ȱݣ֢ҩ񼶵似һᱻɱ
ȻǰǱǰ֪Է˽еȱݣҪ㹻ʵ
ƣ
鼮֣һ㣬ǰߣգ۹ͳʦܵһȱݸǰ
ֻҪֱ룬ԷʥҲضˡ

ƺ³һЦ˫һ
ֻһѹʽϢһâޱȵĽ⣬Ҳ̲ȥ
أ
޴Ϯڿٴηɶײǽϣɫһ죬һѪ
УҶҵȱݣϧԷ̫ǿˣ޷ʤ
̫ˡ
ǵѪЦ̲סҡҡͷ
ֻвϷ⾳ڣսʥһسڣ˰ʥʥԼʥߣ󼶱𣬸ֲġ
аǧ򶦵ڶԷǰɲһ
ʥǿߣѨɣҲڶͼݣܹҵ©˼һƲˣô
ͺųȥһͬһϣٷӣûκô
ھԷǿܣ޵УҲƲټսḻĵˮ¶ܳû
鲻ԽĴܸС
û취
ߣǾͲ˼ˡ
֪似϶Ƕ֣Ŀһͨͼݣһ鼮֡
ȻǿܣȻн龴ȻҲиָȱݣʵڲУͲ˽壬͵߲һȰһ˵
ָһ㣬鼮еݣ̽ԺԼ֪ʶ
ܡ
鼮мܵƣֻһۣüëһ
֮ǰ߲ܵʱ򣬶ⶫļ΢˽һЩǸǼ𣬲Ͳ̫ˣﵽǡĿǰʵܲܲ𿪣˵
ܲͨ칤Ʒԭأƽȱݣһ̷ܵʱ˭˭˵
Ҫһ£
ԷȱݼһٴԷ

ʩչӰգ۹ܸǰеĳһ
ͬһʱֲָ̣ΪǹԶһ˹ȥ
Ȥ
Ĺֱ©ʦһתһȭӭ˹
ûû似еֻеͿ񱩵ѹ
ҼǰһתæһΣ˹
һ֮£ղ׼ȱȻҲҲ׼õҲڿմ
ķӦ
࣬˵ѿ
Դսɶʱܹı
Է֪ȱݣֱӲõѹ
ֻҪԷôûã
û취˵ˣܱ֤ԼͲˡ
˵ҵ˶Էȱ㣬ԷҲͬҵġ㣡
ֻҪ¹ٻľжûá
㲻Ƕ֣ɣ
ʦҡҡͷ
䣿ü
ò׳嵽ھŲ㣬ѵҪȥ
϶޷ʤҵģֻҪﵽϷ⾳۷壬ٴιҾͺпܲǶˣ
ʦܵ
ȻǶ֣Ҳ֪츳£ǶԷʱ̫ˣΪ㡣
˵ӵаʥʵﵽϷ⾳۷壬ͺսʤˡ
Ȼ¼ɽھŲ㣬϶ϣ˴سɹɣʵʥʤ㣿
̲ס
ԷͨʥһأʤļʻǺܴģΪʦǴʦѧԺĳǿߣս⣬ֻҪ޷ʤͲսʤ
ҫǼ׻ꡭǿʵʦѧԺܹǿ
ȻûУΪҪһ޷ͨĵھŲ
У
ʦͷ
Уü
㲻òţУսʦĿʦûﵽʥʱ򣬾նɱʥǿߣ
ʦ
ʥնɱʥ򣿡
ͫһ
֪Է˵նɱȻʵޡԴ֮֮
ʦûﵽʥôˣ
ļٵģ
ǣ£ôʸսʦս
ʦޱ顣
⡭ס
֮ǰ¹ǶˣΪսʦˣڿô򵥡
ɣ㲻ʤҵģʱҲã
֪ʱ䣬Ϊ˻ָʦ˰֡
ﵽϷ⾳۷壬һΣܽһˡ
ΪһϷ⾳ھܽսʤҪλ϶ȺܶսʦҪ¡
ȵϷ⾳۷壿
ҡҡͷõˣھܽܣ
Ŷʦüͷһ塣
ţǺǣ
⸱ӣһЦҿ֤㿴Ҫȵһ£һһ·ٹ򣡡


911 ʥ
·ʦһ¡
ܴĹʹù򲻹ʹ򲻹ͻ·ʲôϵ
·ѧԺרΪ׼ģʮ󣬴ЩţֻдԼʦܷǿս
·Ǻ𣿡ʦ̲ס
ڴĻΪӭӼλ䣬ʦѧԺ칤ԺרŶԺӵмǿķܣһƷѧԺķѾɵġ
ʦ棬һ۾Ϳ˲·ͷսȴ˵ʣҪʲôģ
ʥʥ
Ҫô
Щ󣬲·ã󣬾͸ЦЦٹͣ˰֣ܻͷʦתȥһ·̫ϲñ˿š
ðɣ
һҪ·Լԣʦҡҡͷתȥ
ʵ·սǰҲ˵һ㶼ǾʦְҵŻͨǻɼΪķΣȻȶ˵赸˳˳ԡ
Ѳһһλʦ
ǣҲûð
ǿܣĸְҵȫûõġ
˵ʦһ㶼ŮһɦŪˡ²УǶİɣ
붼һëը
ˣ
ڸ飬֪һﵽҪʲôһģתͷȥȻղŵѾ·ꡣ
·û֮ǰĻ󣬿Ҳʮͨ
ֻǡͨʦʦס
Էɻ·ɰʥܽܣϾ˵·Ӱʵֻͨʦûκ⡭
ͺʥһǵʵǽͰɣ
ȷͨ·ܹʤң
ͷ˫ֱдŰȻͨ·Ҳܽܣ
ȻţǾͿʼɣ
һﻻ·ŵĲɷ˿û֮ǰǫʦɫһȭͷ

ȹ
һʮᣬȭͷŨŨѹΧĿֱ顣
ΪöԷ֪ѶˣҪӲľһ־ͷųȫȸղսʱǿ󣬸в
úã
·û֮ǰľηͬһȭӮ
ţ
Ĺʦü
ԷʵղսУ֪ĺȫֵסھȻȭͷӲӡ
Ϊ·øǿô⻻Ĳ·Ӱɣ
ӲԼȫһȭ϶ᱻ򱬵ġ
гɣ뽫ȭͷϵջһЩͿԷȭͷѾǰ

ȭʦͫһ
ŶԷʵǸղջһѽס˭֪ȭͷһ̸̣е˲Ծ
Է֮ǰ˿ԴԴϵعɽѣӵȫ鲻Խĳ鴤
أ
˿̱˵ˣȫܲǶ֣
ˣ
һȣͷȫӵޡ
ߣ
꣬ͷ­Ŀдһȭͷϵͬ
أ
ʦܷӦûӦ͵ɶŷɳʮ׵ľ룬ݺײǽϣڴڵĴŴ඼Ҫըˡ
⡭
ͫŵĿм꣬Ǽһ㡣
ղźȶȻǹʵ̫ˣҪԼô˼·˸ƵģһȭͽԼɣ
ҿӣ˺֡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
̲סȥģϢͬһɣҲ˵˼·һʵȻûսȴ˺üֹ
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𺳣е꣬˫ٴαһĵ
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ʦܿЦҡͷϲͨھŲ㣬Ϊ¼ɽһλɹͨʦ
Ȼ֪Էô£·ʵ˾ˣʦѧԺʦΪС£
䣬겢ûκ⣬֣ضܻʤһһĳƨ
ͨھŲ㣬ʦѧԺǿţⱾһӵġʥ⡿ˣ
ʦܲ԰һЦȡһ鼮˹
ʥ⣿ɻ
ʦЦЦΪʦ˵ʦͻʥģ
⡭ʥߡ
ͷ
ʦͻʱ򣬵õϿɣΪʥˣͻ֮˷ʥ̨
طȥʲôܡ
ʥߣ
ʦ۾Ź⣺Ͽɵʥˣʵǿܵõ޴ĺôΪԺĽ»ʦ㣬ϧûܹɣ
Ȿʥ⣬ǵһλԵɺϵµõģϸˣʦʥ֮ǰ̡רоܽ
ȻıʥߣϿɣֻҪϸսڴﵽʥǰϣ
۾Բ
ΪﵽʥʥԼʥ򣬸жȷġսͻǰ۸ж
ʵһͻƣ㲻ϿɣͨʥҲȻԿ⣬ȫǶ֣
ǰһⱾʥ⣬֮󣬵ȷսȴҲȱݡ
ʦҡҡͷǻ̫Ҫͻƣѣ꣬Ҿ̰ͼЩͻƵ䣬ûдﵽ߾磬ӶΪһ¡
Ĭ
Է˵Ĳκζб׵ġ
ûﵽʥǰս۵Ļ̶ȣ˻ۣͻȻѡ
ҲΪΣҪͬߣöҪԭ
ޱʵκιҪȹ̣ĸ󣬽Ҳû
;Աǰˡ
˲ĸ󾳽磬һ
ξȫƾԼⱾ飬һʱѧϰʲô磬ȫƾԼ
ûʦܽ鼮˹
ǣ
ͷӹ鼮ԥһ£Ҳ򹦷ҲҪ·鷳ʦתȥ
ðɣ
֪һô£ʦҡҡͷתȥ
ڹ۲죬˿һһһģһӰڸǰ˶һۣ߾֪ľ
Ȼȥɣ
һģһӰ˰֡
ǣ𣡡
˲ʧ
λղսʤʦܵģǷ
ղֻսУ֪Լ϶Ƕ֣˵ǻ·ʵǽŪ˳
һƽʱܲףսȴӹɵġ
ÿνܴ󣬾öԷǶˣǱ
ԼʦܵĶ֣϶ǡ
Ȼȷûʧɹܣͨ˵ھŲ㡣
ϸ˵Ҳʵè̫ӣҲΥ档
֮أǲ÷й¶ˡ
֣к¿ʦһָ鼮һ㣬̲סеݿ˹ȥ


912 Ԫּ̥
գ۹ͶⱾݣһ
ǰϸˣʦʥľеĴ󲿷־ͷʥ̨µĵЩƣֻǸϸиܣиʵеΪ
ôӣ
üͷ
Ϊνķʥ⣬һֵĹֻҪʵʵϲûôס
ΪʥˣҪǿͣҪǡһ
νʵϾĥǡ
Уܸսȴ˵ظӿĸԶߵĸߡ
ֻǴﵽصʱ򣬵ȻҲ֮ÿܹɸ
Ϸ⾳Ҳв̥̥ؾ߽𵤾˼ǻΪԪ̥𵤣һɹںΪһͿͻʥ
´֮ǰ·濴飬ʦܲپᣬһ䣬ʵѾΣضк⡣
ͷ
Ϸ⾳ʵǽȫ۳̥Ϊ˵ˣǽ״Ķ۳ɹ塣
ͿɸһԪ̥ȫԲ̥ʥﵽߵľ硣
ȻûѼϷ⾳ߵڵѾʼмۣڵγУֻҪŬԪֻ̥ʱ⡣
ֻҪͰ࣬ŬܿᣬֻһԪ̥ҲνԪ̥
ʦܵ
Ԫ̥Ԫֵ̥ȼɻ
Ǵδ˵
ѧԺѼ˲ְҵ鼮δƵĽܡ
ȻỮֵȼֻ֪ˣ
ʦҡҡͷȼǵʦһλѧģ֪ߣȴʦֹض֪ԽԽ٣
ʦֹ֡
ʦ֮ʦ𣿶о޴ףʦְҵз壬ôϢ
ʦΪ࣡
ʦܸпһδɻãͨߣֻҪŬ۳Ԫ̥Ԫ̥ˣҪϣҪָ㣬һ˿󶼻ᵼ¹һ񡣡
Ҳ˵۶Ԫ̥ѵĴۣԪ̥ʮϡִۣ֧˵ؼǣ˶ܳɹҪߵʺԣһʧܣԪ̥٣Ϊϣ򣬵Ѿȡ
ʦҡͷȼϢ֪Ҳˣһ֪ʦΪսðճԡĺֻ帺߻ħǿߡ
⡭
һ£յ˵ͷ
Է˵Ĳ
߼Ԫ̥ȻҪۣ
ܶʣǿȥǵûЧẦ
ͺֻоСȴҪһͷ׵Ĵ󣬲ɹҲˣŪú׽Լ
νԪ̥ȼˡ
֪Ϣ󣬲ȥ׻һ־ûﵽľϾͻȱݣԾزˡӶԺĳɾ͡
ֻ֪Σա
֪߲ʱ֪ҲһҸ
Ԫ̥ȼߣֻͬսǿѡѵĴۣʥءǿˣ˴ֻۣԪ̥һС𡭡˭Ӧ֪ȡᣡ
ʦܼǿʦΪδ֮ʦ˵ʦְҵҪ۷壬ѧǵһͬսһЩҲ˴ŵġ
ǰͷ
ʵ̫ˣһȥȻ߸磬˻˴ѹ͸ûκκô
粻˵˶֪¡
οʦҪְҵǡڡ͡СֲǴܣԪ̥Ҳʲô
նԹ似⣬ְҵǵʲõĵһû˿
˵ͨ߶ֻԪ̥ǡԪ̥ʲôģ˶ԷĿģپᣬʵ
Ԫ̥󲿷ֶսʦ
ʦܵ
սʦ
ţսʦѧϰޣרսиྫѧϣټʦԼ޳Լ츳۶Ԫ̥ѣ
˵⣬ʦͣһ£ʦʦְҵӲһսʦʵΪ˴Ԫ̥ķּ
Ȼ
ѹֵλ飬ͬǲϷ⾳۷壬һȴѹúززѦ޲ߣΪ츳Ԫ̥ȼ㣡
ȻǶƿأԷܣҲǺġ
սʦҲֻǶԪ̥һأ
ٴʵ
սʦǿҲֻǶȣһ񲻸ӿ£
һԪֻ̥ڴ˵дڹѾܾû˳ɹˣҲû˵ĿʦܾǡȻΣ鼮ûмأҲ¶ۡ
ʦܽ͡
û˳ɹһ㶡
ǰˣһһԪ̥ǡΪʥ˵ҪԭԣһֱҶɾһԪ̥Ϊ˻˲ꡭҲֻ۳ƷԪ̥ûܳɹ
ʦЦ
Ϊһ֪Σװ˷꣬ӽһ룬˭ûڲѡ
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ţԪ̥Ϊһȣÿһ֮УΪƷƷƷƷĸ۳֣Ҳǻ˺ܴۣӵоһľ˷˲֪ʱ⣡
ɹ֮ȻܹԽսʵңʲҵͬߡȻﵽʥءأ⣬֪ԼˣʱֻǸͨʥ򡭡Ȼѽͣ޷߾磬ֹһ۷塭еİûڿ֪
ֱˣ׿ʦΪιϢˡʲܹɹҲʱ䣡һ£ʥǿ߶ô󣬻һʥһ۷ô󣿽ö룡
ʦдŰû֮ɫ
ʥǿƣҲǧ꣬ߡ˰궼˷ڽԪ̥ˣƽʱ⣬½ͻƣȻˡ
ʱ꾺ʵ츳ˣ׷״ﵽʥءԪ̥ٸ߼кãͬ޵кãѵܿԽüս
ǲܵġ
ԣܽᵽʲ˷ʱ⡣
֪ЩרŪ¼ɽսпˣֻвʥܹʤʥһسڵңʸ֪Ϣɹ߼Ԫ̥Ϊ츳ҶҪǿܹɹδɵ飡
ʦĿ⾼Ŀ˹
ֻвϷ⾳ڣܽսʤһ·ս⣬սǿ󣬶겻һλġܹʥ⣬۳߼Ԫ̥ϣһʥߣ
ңϣ
ԷĻͿĻһ㶡


913 ʥ
û뵽ǰλȻġ
һԪ̥ȻܺãҪͶԷһҪ꣬ȥ
30֮ǰʦ̥ͻᷢôãٸ߼Ԫ̥кã
ԣλʦȻһԪ̥˵컨׹ʵȴû̫ȤܳɹãɹҲûʲô
츳ȫϣȻ츳ҪɹҪԵɺϼԣ
ʦܵͷ
ʦ½ʷϣž޵ţ֮꣬ʤܹһԪ̥ģδ˵
츳ȻҪҲɻȱ
޷ƣԵǿԼ⡣ѧϰⱾʥ⣬֮ڣڵһ𣬲Ҫֻ࣬Ҫ߹ۼкܴϣƷԪ̥㣬ͲҪˣ
߹
ղſ˷ʥ⡣
ȻϷ⾳ܹԪ̥۸߼𣬲һܹɡ
˵ܹɹҲΪ㣬ƿزסӶ±
ʥ֪£Ϸ⾳Ԫ̥ڣӲֻҪûﵽʥ򣬽ԿۣҲ˵ǰʥʹʥҲܶԪ̥䲻ϵӡ
ĿʦӦþˣʥʥۻ񣬴ﵽʥʱһͻƣϲԶΪ֮Ͽɡ
Ԫ̥ǽһȻĥӼٵ浤鵤ʵǽ𵤣
Է˵߹ʵǹɼٵĻ
壬ɢʥǰ۳˿Ĺܷʽһ
ͺǷӣûһķ˳שʯһȹ̲˵γۼĽ
ʥǽ߹⹹һγһλֻҪ߹ȹ̣ѻɡ
ͬשʯˮࡢˮɣһںһ𣬾ܽһһ¥ᡣ
ԭѣؼǣúϸһɢֽṹۣ֮ء
ҪǿĻҪоƿز
ڿɣֻҪɣһ㣬ҵ̣·ںһäպķѼ꣬δɹ
ʦܵ
顭Ȳˣ˵߹ȹ𣿡
ҡҡͷָһ㣬һֱǰȥͿһʦ۾ԲƺŵÿҪιȥ
á壿һֿɿƵ״̬
ʲôֵģҸþˣֲɶ¡
һС֣ûӣҡҡͷ
ʦ㳣ʶûС
壬ֲʲô£ãͽעڣͨϸ΢еĶƳϸ߶ѣߵʱڴﵽ˻أһͷײˣ
⡢⡭
ԷӵʦܲûѪ
ף󣬻۳˿ͬϸߣˣҪ㣬ҪҪ
һ㹻ٴﵽƷز
ڶ㹻ǿԴﵽ壬򣬲ܿ뿪󣬻ֱһ㣬ɴС
˵ǰλɣĿƳ̶ȣֱţ㵱ﵽʥҲ
𾪵˵ͿԶָ꣬ǰ

ڶܿߵָӿڿһ㲻ͣߣһһ
ܿһܿ߸
˿ڲڵĭʦɳơ
۳˿ƣǺܶʥǿ߶ģһﲻɹһŪ߸Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ֻвϷ⾳ڣ
ʥ۷ǿߣ߿ʦλӣרŹϷ˼İɣ
ܿ죬ߵȻںһγһ֥СԲڿת۶ɢ
˼ڵСȻһһ𣬾Ϳ۳ɼٵǰɣ
Щ̧ͷ˹
ǡ
³һеѹסʦܵ˵ͷ
ʥ⣬ǽ۳˿ȻۣγһСںһͬˮɺӣɳһ㣬ˮĥĹ۽𵤡
۳ģʵȹ̣ǿĶֻ࣬ҪķѵĹҲʵ̫ˡ
ˣźķԳɹ
ܼ򵥰ò
ΪԼˣŪ˰죬˼򵥣̲סҡͷ
Ū⣬ҲҪɣʲôţҸֱײˡ
㡭ķ츳˲ͬ
Է赭дʦһЦ
ΪѶԷ뿴ԣ˼ɶûţü򵥵Ĳ񻰣Щ֪λش𡭡
Դ²л꣬ţɡô̬ģǵһ
ܽб̬ˣֱͲˣ
Ҳɣڶ˵
רķûޱȣԶʤνƷ˺飬˵ͳԷˮһ򵥡
ҪǿΪ׻ʦ׾١
Ȼ㣬軨ѹ򣬼оˣھͿԳʥ⣬Ŀǰʵ⣬
ʦܼ
Է嶼оҲûʲôˣ糢ߵһ
νġ⡱ǷʦҪĲߵһΪһΪһţΪһ⣡
Ҳ˵Ҫʮ£γһ⡣
ڲϷ⾳ʱ⣬ſƲס֮£ͻưʥ
츳ߣ겻ǿģ𣬱˵⣬һŶ
ԷȻĿǿʦ⣬֪еѶȣ۵ԽԽ࣬ΣҲԽԽҲԽԽѿơ
ͺľһһܼ򵥣ڵԽ࣬ԽΣգ΢еأ
һֻҪϻʱ䣬ֻҪϴ˶һţҪ鷳ܶˣһ⣬ûмǿ츳ϸ緢ĿԼõģ
Է츳ȻǿϾᣬΪֻвϷ⾳ڣһ⣬ͺܲˡ
ۼ⣿һ£һ°ɣ
ܹۼ⣬ûʵ治ȷڵǿһ¡
ʮָſͬʱǰץ˳ȥ
̣
һһգ۹ٵָ⣬ӿͬһϸߣֺһСͣ
ͬʱ۳ôʦڲ²⣬ǰλҪ೤ʱ䣬ͿһĻûιȥ
ͬʱٵϸ˿Ĵɢжǿ
˵ڣ۷ʱ̣Ҳ㡣
𾪻ûнͼԶָ꣬һһǰٵ̾һγһСš
漴ͼԷ˹дɻ󣺡һɣ


914 ںϹ
⡭
ʦܼæǰͷ˹ȥ
ԷţȻȴŵĹΣͬʺһ㣬Źâ˿һ۾ͲĳС
ٶṹһһӣû˿©иɻҲκ⡣
㵱һҲǻ˽оͣĥͣʵ飬һϸ΢֮;룬ŵԳɹ
Էõ鵽ڣʮӶûҳ㣬ĶҪҪƯôģ
Էôооιˣ
𾪣꣬ʮָǰγһ޴ϣ̵ֻڶ漴ͿʮСţĲԶ
¡
һҵŲԶ˫ڿ͵һϣʮžͬʱһ𣬱۴С
ҲУ˿ĭʦܾ˶Ҫֲסˡ
ţ⣬ͬѻһըҩһĻľһײͺɢΪһСʱ䣬ƾ롢³⡣
ǰλãֱ˫һģʮһ飬û˿⣬ûбը֮Ƕ⵽ʲôģ
Լǲ˸ٵķʥ⣬ԷĲģ
ǲģЩɻĿ˹ҲǺѣӦòʱɣ
ΪͶԷ˵һҪЩڿʵܼ򵥣˿ʱ䡣
˼򵥵λʦѧԺĿʦȻ˼꣬ļٵģ
츳δҲ̫һЩ
ȿȣҪǳ鴤ʦܼæҡͷ
ڱǰҫԼ츳ǰǰŰ硭ģ˵ûˡ
ϸ۲˶Է۵ļʮ⣬룬ƿأԶǿʵʱЩλã
˵ԷԷʥѾˡ
ã޷ڶԷͼԶ꣬üͷɸ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ѽʥȻȹ̣ʵϻкܶȱݵģܣкܴһء
նԷ˵ַʽãȷøȹ̣ɵļٵ鵤Ӽ̡ͨͼݣɿԿܶ©ȱݣǿߣһ
Ҳ˵ʥ⣬ȱģкܴһξ롣
ҪܲһЩӦĹͺˡͷ˼
ϰˣôȱݵĹʵȥ
ͺʳˣֲ赭һ
ҪȥѧԺĹȥһЩϷ⾳ʥʥĹؼˣ
üġ
ʦѧԺʷȨԺ뿴ʲôܿʲôûܹƺ⡣
ʵڲУ¼ɽȥһˣֻҪ鼮㹻Ųܰʥⲹ
֪ȱݣѾǰƵŷˡ˵ȱݣʦܣҡҡͷ
ǾʦҲ˵Ĺû⡣
ʥ⣬˲֪ǰѪǻۣȻ۳Ԫ̥󣬿ҲͶԷ˵һźܶȱ㡣
ܿȱģͬ𲢲ڣУҲﵽ˰ʦϣˣҲȱ㣬ͬǶ֡
ǰ
Է㣬β⣬ҡҡͷ⣬ʦܣ̾Ϣһ鲻Խĸп
˶пʦֲŻҵµҲˡ
ʦµķһ㶡
ڷʥ̨ʱ˿ʦĲл꣬͹Լһױ򣬻˵һ׹ֻҪúоܵõ򡭡
ʱû£˿ߵĻͻȻ
᲻ᡭʦ˵ؼǷʥ⣿
ʥ̨ǿʦʥ֮أ¹϶йأҵⶫеⱾʦںϣȻܹγ
γɲˣʦµĶҲ϶ȱݼ٣ȫֱ
뵽㣬һһģַ漴һ顣
ſʦµĶѺˡ
̴γԹΣµֻʣ֮һʲôѱɷƷˡ
ɶ¡֪ЩҲôɰ
еѵǡʦױʣ
ǾᣬԶʦܣԴ
ǣҲûʲôϵģ˵ͷ
ɷ񡭡ҿ
ʦæ
Ȼԣֽ˹ȥ
Сġ
Կʦױʣ⣬ʦܲûιȥæҵĽסɫЩˡ
ֻҪʦԿʦȻκͳݣܵõױʣ޲ǰҹһﵹãӣһں
治֪Ĵ󣬻Ǹû¡
ӹ򿪣ʦƤһôôࣿ
Ŷҵõʱ򣬾ܡŵ̫˰ɣ
֪£鷳ڵ
ŵ̫ã
޳ĻشʦҲ֪˵㲻׷ʡ
ܿ콫һ顣
̲סǡʥ̨ĵã
ʥ̨ʱȥ˲ֹһΣƪĵã˵ȻЩָˣȴеĻһ¡
ͷ
ʦױµĵáҵԷʥ⣬϶̣
鼮лʣµ֣ϸ˼飬ԽԽò
ȻܱϿʦ֣һζǰڷʥ̨Ͽģȫͬ
ĻܲһףһĹԶʤĿǰķʥ⡣
ںϣ
߾̾ԶͼУĵõ鼮ͷʥһһͺ

鼮ںϣƬ̺һµ鼮ǰ
ᷭһۣҡҡͷ
ʦµƪĵãֻǽԼͻʱ򣬲ķʥںϣγȷ߰㣬˿
ȷķʥ⣬ȷûôס
޷ںϣҿԼоֻҪϿʦµĵãоͻʱĸܣȻݷʥȷݣ֮ϡȫԴһ׹
ͻȻһһ뷨ð
Ȼƪĵûȴÿһ̣ԼܣȫֻҪԴ㣬·ߣٽϷʥĻӦÿԽʦҪµĹ׻ԭ
һָܣʮ֣֡ǧתķţˣõҲһ
ӵͼݿķֱȷͻǴֻҪҳȷ;ȫѻһ𣬾ͿԽȷ·ҵ
ԣ
뵽ûκԥֱϥԭأԺϸо


915 ȥ
Ϊܼ򵥣ܿоû뵽һ˼һ졣

վüġ
һһҹ߲ݵоˣҲ̲סЩͷǡ
򲻸ˣôʱĿޣһµķʥˡ
ϧҪ򱻺֮ӦںϳûȱݵĹ
оֿʦеֺ⾳ںϹ;ͼֻ¼ݣֱɵ֮󣬲ȱ
⾳ʧ֮ķʥ⣬
һȱݣ͵ҫһֱǰʥʥʥҪͻƣҪϣ
³һҡͷ
µķʥ⣬͵ҫһÿͻһؿҪϡ
ȻҲȱݵģ֮ǰʦܸǸȣ˺üͬһϡ
ôи򣿡
ʦ
õʦµıʼǣԷϥҲ֣ԶԷʥ⣬Żø
ãЦЦ
оһ죬ҲЩǿһһ£ܸĽʥ⣬ø
ź룬ʦ˫۷Ź⡣
Ŷ֪ʦкĵãɷ˵ԷŵĻ̲ס˹
ҾãʦеߵۣдġǼδо
ܿ죬ʦܽԼ򣬽һ顣
Ļҡҡͷ
ΪԷһŬܸԼУȱݣڿˡ
ԷԻǳı㣬оķʥ⣬ʮǧ
ʲô˵ǽһ£Ȼʵǿ츳ҲҸߣҪ˵ԣŻǲ˵ġ
ЦЦʦš
츳ǾžޣĪԺ磬ԾǺܿµġ
ȻҲܽǰ˵ľ飬ʥ⣬ӲԼԪ̥Ʒز
ʦδġ
ˣϣкܴţͬһ죬ô࣬ԷҲ򣬹Ҳ̫
⡭
֪νͣ£ȡëʺһհ鼮ܿ콫ܽõķʥ⣬ĳ˶ľ棬˹һ죬ݣԿһ¡
ģ
ͷȥֻһۣʦܾһΣûˤڵء
һʱ䣬ѾˣͶԷһȣţһë㲻ϣ
˼ҶȷĹдˣŪ˸ͷ
ͺһǧֵѧͬһ죬д֣ȷ˹֡ԷѾ걾ˡ
˱
ͬһϣ
ЦղŻĵҪͶԷԡȸƨôô䰡
ʦš
˲࣬ʦҲŵ
û£Բ㲻ҪֻҪѧϰԺܻġĲ֪룬οһ䡣
ǣʦһ顣
ǰ仰˵ˣ󱲣û뵽˿䵽Լͷϡ
ԣȷԷ֪ԶΪʦԷ˵ҲԽ
ʦⱾʥ⣬ҾҲˡ
ҡҡͷʦܣ鼮ٴεݹ
ֻǸܣȻ֪׹ҲȻ
ˣ˰֣׹ŰɣԺھŲ㣬ڸǣ
׹Ȼ󣬵ҲնԷķʥ⣬ϿʦЩĵãܽģ㲻˽ʲ
ţøǿ
ڡڣ˶
Ը⣬к͵ʦһĵġ
Ȿʦ⣬ĳ˵ؼӹ˵ֻģ벻ΣӶʧȥ־µµΪ
ͺһڽңԸ˵СĿ꣬ͨ˵ǱˣȻ϶
ǣ
ľʦܰͷףѧԺĺ󱲣ллˣ
ܽԼĹޱ˽ع׳ʦ
ѹܳΪһԺȷŲ֮
Ȼʱǵûйͨദһ࣬Ҳ֪ǰ꣬ʦѧԺԺˡ
ʦÿ̻򷽣кҲӦġ
ͷ
ʦ壬ҲСΪԺӦѾ֪Ժ˰ɣʦܿ
Ȼ
ͷ
ղҿˣⱾʥ⣬ͻưʥҪĳөûУͻƴʥҪʯǰ׼һ飬ͷԺ֮У
ʦЦŵ
ʯⶫ̫ˣ
۾һû
µķʥ⣬ȱݣͻưʥҪөⶫҵˣʲô
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һʮϡеĿʯܵ׵귽γɡ
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ҵ֪£ζûϵȻУ
һԺꡣ
ǺкñҪǹֽĹͳҪҵֿʯˡ
ţҲǵµʱżȻáһֱûʹã
ʦܵͷһһƳģ㵽Ժ꣬ҵĵطƼصıԶ֣һҲŵĶ
лʦˡ
ӹƣȭ𾴡
źԸ⽫м£ǰˣʦߡ
ͨ¼ɽھŲ㣬Ҳõ˴Уȥɣ
ýĽ֪꣬ǰ꣬϶ԺߵĸԶʦİ˰֡
ǣ
ͷٶ˵ȭȥ
ߵڰ˲㣬Ϳһǵӳϵˣοһ䣬һ
¼ɽ·ƵĽ³һ
Ȼֻһ죬ȴ
ҿΪԺˣȻһͻưʥûʸҲ޷õʥ⣬û۸߼Ԫ̥ˡ
Ժȥģ
󣡡˰֡
󣿡һ㶡
ţڴ㿴飬ѧϰһ£
֡
Ȼ˷ʥ⣬ڴӲϷ⾳ʥ֮ǰˣҪȥܲܽ鼮䲹
һܹɹûбҲһ·ͻƣ߼
ھʹԺȥ
ӳϵȴ·
ʦѧԺĲڳԺڣһᣬǰ
طһߴΡ룬ʮֹӣһľ̹Ȼ޽֮⡣
Ϊǿ飬Գϵˣûи档
Ժǲһ㣬ģѧԺѫѧţڶͨʦţ㣬ѧԺϿţĲ㣬ֻԺſԽ롭ڵ㣬Ժˣ϶ܹ룡
ӳЦЦ
ǰλǵõԺĴڣȨ޼ֻҪѧԺûнȥĵط
ţ
˵ͷһǰߴĽû̫ɣ˽ȥ
˽ӽ¡
ˣ


916 Ϸ⾳۷
߽䡣
󣬺֮ǰȥĲͬ߶ʢӦְҵ鼮磺ѱѧԺȫǹѱ޵ģҽѧԺҽѧġ
ʢ˸ֹ似ԼԶ۹ʷǨĵ֮ĳʶ
һ鼮ȻѧԹۿģȴ򵥣к˺龳Ϸ⾳йһһУֻ֮ࡣ
ʦѧԺӽֹ꣬ž޵ʦЩˣĵáᣬ¼Թ˲οеģԼķ
Ҳÿһ𣬶֣ͬ
Ժ龳Ϊ㿴һۣҳӽһֲһÿһַԳϵĴС
ѧԱôĹȻҪѡһѧϰȻӴĶˣֱ治ȷ󣬺߻ħ
ȫںЩԹûҪ󣬷ԽԽãơ
˽ӽһʱ龳鼮ȫԺ
ȷеͺ
һ鼮ǰַǺ龳֮ǰԼγǱȻ;вͬȴ;ͬ飬𲻴
쾳Ĺؼȥͬһʱȫռ
γ󣬶Աһ£֮ͬǰռģֻϸϣʵӼ򵥺ס
ֻҪ϶ơݲ̫仯
ͷһ·ǰ߱¼
Ȼˣʱֲţͽ鼮ȫյˣҲ֪ʶ͵̡
ʱͽͼйؼ似֮ģȫսʶ
Щ鼮ȻûΪȴ֪ʶ˺ܴԸϵҲ˽˲١
֪ʶ㲩۵ĻѧԺʦԶ
ˣ似ǹ֮࣬Ҳγ˸ԵһŰڷϣֻҪȻñ򣬴ﵽĵز
ûżǼǰȥ
ڶʦܽķ䣬µ似͹ҪȵһҪĶ࣬Ҳ˰ʥģ
е鼮ȫռȥ
㣬ǳϲܽۿģѾ˴ʥʥҪȵһ͵ڶٵöࡣ
鼮ѼϣγȷΪֹزϷ⾳ʥȫѼϡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪԸȫʱڣӲϷ⾳ڣͻƵʥڣ
һЦʥļ鼮ͷ˹ȥ
Ƭ̺üͷ
ЩûκδֻҪͰȷٵĴﵽʥʥʥ
ֻǣﵽʥҲֻǸԪ̥ͷʥеͶƷ
տʼе֣Ϊ龳֮ȴв࣬һ£׹
ͼݵ๦ûһԪ̥ռٶ࣬ͨĹ
ͺٶͨ񷿵鼮Ҳǲʹһ
߱ϲͬܶƣ˴ﵽ߾磬ʵϣȴͬһ档
ʥ⣬ȻѣпγһԪ̥Ϊ춼ϵʥˣЩͨĻȫûϣ
˼
ʥҪܻҪһЩһɹ޴ޱȣԶͨĹ
ȻһΣȻҪѡǿġ
˾δżǼȥ
ĲԺܽģûй似֮鼮ԺµĸĵᣬԼѧԺ
Щ鼮սͼݣϡ
㣬ʦµģȻûзʥ⣬ȴѼ󷨾󲿷ֶʥһصģҲкٵһ֣ﵽ˶أ̫ϡ٣ôҲǺܴ
һЩꡢؼ£һȫˡ
ˣʼ
鼮ȫռ꣬似Ҳγʮ˸տĵطͣ
Ϸ⾳ĹѾ׼ȫҲͻưʥĳөȫһͻ˵
ȡ죬ΧһľȡһƷʯС
¡
תʯгȡγһŨƶ䣬ëڲͣ䡣
ϥڵϣѨλա
ƷʯأԶҺͻƣʡ
˫۱תʥеݣһڵش
µķʥ⣬֮ǰȫͬ
ߣߵγһγһţγһ⡣
Ҫŵγһγһţγһ⡣
ֵļޣŵӣŷ
ʣƱһ۳һһšһ⡭
ʥĿǣ۸߼Ԫ̥ҪѵĶ࣬Ҳӵöࡣ
һʱͿԽһȴ΢СһʱڣһСûͻơ
ʱҲ֪ʦΪҪѼ꣬۳һԪ̥ˣַ۵Ԫ̥Ȼǿ󣬵Ƕʵ̫ˡ
ֱǸ޵׶
˵ٶȣ䵽Ϸ⾳۷壬Ҫһʱ䡣
ƽһʱһ󼶱ȴҪһ졭Ѷ֪֮
һһ죬ż
ݷʥļأʱʦһ磬ǻ˳200ġ
ԭأΪͣת֮ǰһ߽Ƴ
Ϸ⾳ڣ
Ϸ⾳ڣ
Ϸ⾳ڣ

һ󣬹Ȼﵽ˲Ϸ⾳۷壬ʥҲֻ벽ʱͻơ
ǰǿ̫ˡ
ֹͣӣ̲סп
Ϸ⾳ÿһС300򶦣˷ʥ⣬ﵽ600򶦣
Ϸ⾳2500򶦣2800򶦣3100򶦣۷3400򶦣
֮ǰľӵ2900򶦣1800򶦣ƾʹﵽ4700򶦣
ϻ2000򶦺3200򶦣Ȼﵽ9900򶦣ʥ򶦣Ҳֻһ򶦶ѣ
Ҳ˵Ѿʥǿߡ
£
Ϸ⾳۷嵥ƾͿʥ򣬴ȥûš
ʥһس£սǲġ
ʥع򣬿ںԶĵط˥Ҫȫֻܽ޷Ļͻò
ûӳֻ֣4700򶦣Ͱʥ°ˡ
ˣҲǺܿˣĪԺҪǿ֪١
ʵǽ˲٣ϧƷʯҲʵ̫ˡ
ϵصЦ
ʥ⣬ȷΪӹ̣㣬ɡͬҲв⣬磬Ʒʯģʹﵽһŵĵز
顢¹ǵеõ˼ƷʯϴܻԼĺ񡭡Ȼﵽ˰˰ٶöʮκһҪԣ
ڣֻӲϷ⾳ڣ۷壬500öӽһ룡
ֱǮ


917 ٴͻƣʥ
Ȳˣɣ
ھʥֻһţͻƵĳөպҲУȫԳһԡ
״̬ѣһٴһʣöʯھ֮С

ʯһӴŨʱڶ𣬽ڵĵطͬʵʡ
üëȡһöөȥ
ⶫһʮöززöͻƺ󣬱㲻ҪʣµĶ
ʵڼһŨӯ֫ٺһʱͻ֮С
һ£֪ǱҪ̣ƾ˿̵Ļۣʮ֮˾ŻʧܣҲżٴȡһöȥ
öŸе񱩵ʱ壬ͣһţΧʵʵս븹ǻ
¡
һҵĺǴĳ;ޣֺƿһȴš
Ѩͬʱ򿪣Χȫ壬һ˲䷢˱仯̥һ㡣
ʥˣ
ʥȻʥһξ룬ȴȻǲͬڻ壬Ҳ꣬ʵķԾ˼
ͨҲͻưʥٶܻ꣡
Ҳ˵һֹ
ΪﵽʥٴʵķԾ֮ǰƾ4700򶦣ڱ1300򶦣ﵽ6000򶦵ĵز
ƾѺʹʥͬ
ͻʥһǿߣֻҪɱ
ӦٶȺʶҲ˼ɱ䣬Ѹݡ
ڵٺʦս㲻÷Ҳ϶ܹսʤ
ʵĺܿ죬ϧֱ⵰ˣ
֪ʵļޣЦҡͷ
ǰõôöñ˳Ǯˣܾ˲ŵĲɷһ̻ص˽ǰ
Լ޵׶
Ҳѹ֣ʥⱾҪټҪߣƷʯڱޱȣ˵ӽʯһ㣬ʲô˻
ڱعƣʥ򡭡ҪӽǧöƷʯ
һ顣
ӲϷ⾳ڣʥڣöө˰˰öƷʯʥʥ򡭡ĻǧöƷʯƶǴס
ô࡭㽫ʦѧԺ׵Ҳղ
취ȥǮˡ
üģԹ
ɶ¡
νͻϣ㣬ûĹÿΣΪ
Ȼƶ󡭡
ʵڲСЩԼ޵ĺˣ
Щ޳裬˲ٺЩ۵ĻǧöƷʯӦɣֻǡ
ԶǹûģҶУ
ûʯзʥ⣬Ҳ޷
ţһͻƵĵʥģڿˣΪ֮ƣ취׬ǮѰұɣ
ˣ֪֮ǰĴ۹ʦõڲڣʵڲУǳЩ
֮ǰӳϽܺʱ˵ءԪءҡĴ۹¡
ĸͺԶ۹˿ӵй֮
ЩӦŪʯʹһӵġ
¿ԿǣҪȥԺ꽫ʯȡ˵
°ͣվȥ
ʯͻƴʥıѾﵽʥˣֻҪ㹻Ʒʯͻֻʱ⣬ùȥ׬Ǯ
뿪ҵӳϣ뿪ڣͼ˷ܵĿԺϲ

Ժ֮ǰ˵빺ЩǧϷĸľѪұܲ롭û뵽õӦʣʥǧϷĸľѪһ˹
ӳϲԺѱʦ£Ҳˣ
˵꣬ݹһƿһȼ¡
ֽӹ¶ɻ֮ɫ㲻˵ⶫҪѼô
ǧϷĸʵ̫޷ǧϷ䳲ʵǰӳϹ߼ľѪ˵ҪѼۣҪǧƷʯ
ôʯûãѾˣ
ҪѺܴۣԺѱޡʥޣǴѫƿǧϷĸľѪֱӽģ
ӳЦûнϣȥԴ۹ķֲһˣǴڿѱ޵ķ
ԭˣҶлܲˣԺл϶ȥ
ѱޣȻ˴ĹѫЦ
ֻǲѧԺѧӰװټ޳ҪԵɣ𡭡
û뵽Ȼ˹ѫ
ְοƿһɾѪֱ
һۣЩţǡʥصǧϷĸѪ
ƿľѪʥһءأصǧϷĸ
־ѪޱȣҵԷһ¸ô࡭ѹҪֵǧƷʯҪĻ
ⶫԤǧϷĸʵȻͻʥָտɴ
һƿͽ䳲÷ĸɣ۾ѱʦĻϡ
֮ǰйǻ£еһģһֻĿǱ߿ţҲ˱仯Ӻأһݵλ
ȻħʦҲﵽǣֻƷĸޣִ½ǰְҵȣǲ˺ܴһصġ
ûԺݣƾһѱʦߵδٸӡ
ӳˡ
֪ԷԼö£Ȼ˲˵ͷ
Ժ˵ﻰ
ӳҡҡͷĿ⾼ĿԺʲôʱ򿼺ʦҪĻǰ׼
ԺѾﵽǵĸְҵҲͨ˼¼ɽĿˣȻԿʦˡ
ھ׼ɣڴ֮ǰȥһԺ꣡

Ժꣿһ£ӳ漴ҡҡͷԺڻûʸС
ûʸ񣿡ü
ԺʦѧԺûʸȥĵط
Ժõ˵ϿɣֳԺУȻû⣬Ժ꣬УҪָ걮֮ϡҲǱ
ǷָģԻһ˺翼ʦƾ蹦ѫʦܲһֻǵıʱܱ֤ܽУȫ
Ժᣬӳϼæ͡
ѱôޡʥޣѱöǴѫʦãȻѫ
ȫһЩıи
ͷ
ʦѧԺԺܹʱ˵ŵʱ򣬷ָ
ָѶȣǰ׻ʦҲҪԪ𣬻ָòɣοͨˡ
о޻ǣʧѾʲôֻҪôȻᱩ¶׻ʦֶκݡ
ȿʦɡ
һ£֡
ΪʦѧԺԺ׻ʦݣͱȻй¶Ȼʦøֹƶȣ鷳ޱȡ
ʦ˵Ҳѣȿ˵
á
ӳϵͷ˵ͼһϼҴ˹˼æȭԺ£һֱţ˵Ҫһ棡


918 
壿ü
һԼʲô
Ժĺ⼸һпվ͹˵ҪԼһ棬ôסɡ
ʲôӳЦ
ԺλֳĶôһùΣȫУʦӵ˰ʦ֮ꡭǻ˵Ͽɣ
ƾ㣬֪Ժǰ;ȻҲͳ£ˡ
˼ûգ֮ǰŮգԷ²Ź֣
ȥɣЩʣܿͨ˵ͷ
նԷΪԼۿ˶Է깦ֽǵԸռˡ
ҪöԷᣬЩ˼ˡ
ܿԺ͵ãȻ£棬ż
һģˣɫ׵վں档
£ү
һۣ˲ʶһϤԼۡĻү
ûΪԺʱ򣬴˾͸ۡкܴøеġ
Ժ
ͬʱȭ
ǵĵλȻںԶ۹۷ˣʦѧԺԺȣǲġ
ÿ
˰֣λϣү˹ȥү͸ۡ»ûȥлˣǲ
Ժ˵ﻰүæһμԺҾ֪û뵽ôͳԺ
үпѡ
һολʦʱ򣬲ʲôֻΪʥŷԬΣأҪȥ£
˭̶֪̲µʱ䣬һԶǣ޿ģֻк龳СȻˣʦѧԺȨƵˡ
붼꣬š
үˡҡҡͷүɷ¶һ֣ҿʵ
¶һ֣
һ㶣ү漴ϲ
Է˵Ȼָ㣡
ǰλʵĿǰܲܽ¿Хʦ⣬Բͨʦܹģ
ܵõ˵ĵָ㣬ʤĿޣ
֮
ҷϻæм䣬ȭͷ˳
һչʾʵӳϵ˿Ҳﵽʥһ۷塣
ܿ죬һ似ֶ꣬ͬСѧһүҳ
ѯʣϷ꣬
ˮȭѾү¯࣬ȷүǲǾеѪͣЩģ
⡭Ժε֪
үһ㶣̲סһ
ȷеѪͣʲֻϢĺܺã˭û˵¶֪顣
ϾλȨأλõĲ֪٣һȥȻ಻Ҫ鷳
˭ûߣֻһ似Ϳˣʲô
ûлشĻЦЦûӦǰİɣ
ү֮ܵõĵλʱΪս²ٺܹͣˣڵϦ
Ӧþʱµġ
ǣүͷ
һƣ£ȻҴڸ赼֮缲ɽڼŬͻƵǰľ磬Ҳδ֪
һЦһ«ƣţȡֽʣɷ裬дһ׹
ȻֻаʥڣʦѧԺ鼮⣬ʥ£ܱȡ
Էָ㣬дһʵĹ
лԺ
ֻһۣүͫȫͣĲ
ļʶȻԿ׹ȻҵҪҸʣ缲ֻС£ͶԷ˵һͻƵǰ߾磡
ֻһۡ͵õһ׿ԴкĹ
׬ˣ
⡭ʣµĶ˶һۣҡҡͷ
Ȼ֪ݣһȵĻү˼
ԷûΪԺ֮ǰû뽻áȻˣ
ÿЦЦ
һ׹ѣֲľ棬Ϊ֮ʲô
Ҳ㱨˶Է͸ۡĶ飬Ƿˡ
껴ү£Զ壺֪£Ϊ£
弱æԺҹ¡
Ŷ
ԺҶô󣬴СŮķ˵ǾȻмûбʾʵ̫壡
æ
Էܾ֣̿ιٴġ
ˣҡҡͷ
֪Ժ壬Ǯ֮ಢ⣬ôΨһһӡԺҪƴǣ
һȡһе˹
򿪺ӣһԲӣƽС
ӣü
ɶã
Ȼ˲֪飬ȴҲ̫ס
ⶫֻҪúֲٴγɳһܹʵ߻ħΣգߣЧ
æ
ֲ۾ˡ
ԷʥȷͦĽģôκ̵꣬ǿ
һ꣬׻ʵԻɱӡ
ţ˹ʦܴضоԣҪƴǣ
ǾͶлˣ
˵ͷپܾ
ضԲգӣȷãȫ¡
ʱֲǧϷ䳲Я׻ʱҲõ˷ѡ
ڶ¡˵ɣ
£˿һЦˡ
ǰͬʱȭ
Զҵ͢Ժ
ԶҵԣԺ
ңң
ԶĴ壬֮ǰ˵ֻǴδнλԼʲô
ǣȮӲʶôԺ
ҼȪ۲ʶ̩ɽҲģТӣ㴦ã
λһ֣ͱѹ
ǵɶȪ
ʱĶˣĻ湫ӵģͬͷĿȫǣҪüϡЩۼϲ
˵̫ˣ
⡭
գ۾
ȻɶᣬԼйϵĲ죬ɡҲûʲôͻڸɣ
һȻԺ鷳ǽ޷Ըܵͷ壬⳥Ժ£
һ֣͢һöָ̬ȳϿҡ
⡭ס
һԼ鷳ûаôԼһ㶼ǵã
ѵʧˣ
ԺҪƴǣȻ壬Ȼֵ̿ĲںԶǴȥˡ
Ժû˵գҲû˵գɫ֣Լæ
ԽԽԻˡ
ô£
ϵɻαͻүһۣͶء
Է鷳ҪȻǵá
ԺԺ㿴أȡ



919 
ʱصλ
ĵļλ䣬͢λ峤͸п
͢ΪԶʵȨˣ֪ʦֳô󶯾塣
ʦ׳ϣޣƺˡȨ֮󣬺֮ǿԶ˿ɱȡ
£ʮǧͬһȼ
֮ãԺҷɻڴԽԽǿָտɴ
ص壬೤һ£δͨϵͼԼλƽʱ͵Ķӣ˵ı̧˽
ôˣ͢ɫһ
ԶĴ֮ףޱǿӣ峤ֱ޷죬ûҷ
һҪһҺ
˭֣ң壬׹ݣһһ
۾͢дŰͲɵȨ
Ϊһ峤Ҳ
ʦѧԺһ֪Сʦ޳ܣŪ壬˶࣬ҺȪ
ҧ
ֻ֪Է˶ڣж˲סԴֻǵصĹͷȻȻ󡭡ˣ
֪Сʦ˶ڣ
͢üëһ̧ıӵ鷳
ȻֻǸ壬ȴǱ鲼иҵԶʦãλʦĹӵУҲкüλﵽʦ
ˣֻһͨʦĻκв˵ѵͽѵˣʦãʦѧԺӻܸġ
ǼʦȻСʦʲô͢ϸѯһ¡
ǣ
æ
ССʦѣҪ֣ɼ죬ַŪ
ּļһҲ۸ͷϣ۾͢һڣʲô֣ȥʦѧԺץú
Ǹ֪ߵغˡ
ҧţ׳֣ԷȻޱȣͼԶһŵˣ£ɫһ±ɷޱȡ
ףôˣ̲סʵ
δ䣬ͼ͢һ˹úҲҲѣң
أ
û뵽׻֣޷֮£һߵǽϣڴѪûˡ
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Ҫǲ֣ԼΪҴӣԸһʦܹġ
һҧ
ô˵ڳ͢йսպգڱ͵Ҳˣˡ
ʵڲУͶԼĹϵھܻ쵽˵λ򵥣
ѵһļʦػʮ׵ġ
軹ҪԼ֣ŲھͶ㡭
ӵĻ͢ûѪһڣˣһˣ򣬲֣
⡭ԸһȺˣȫЩ֪롣
ȻµҲҷˢˢǰȴû֡
ΪʲôЦš
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ʲôûȻ֪Ժ˭ֳ֪˶Ķ
Ժ
͢ŭ壬һ֣ӣȥʦѧԺǸŶȥʹҪȥ£
Ӹɳ˴治£ǰȥǸĻԺӰֻܼϣڱµˣ

ͬһĻҡ
ȪҲһ±Ƶı׿һ٣ؼǣ֮ǰˣҩºܶطԽԽأʹҲ̶á
˵֮ǰ⣬˿̿λϣ仰ûүж㣬¹򣬸£үү̵ģӡ
ɵҲףǰ˵ĵλˡ
һһ˵ҪԸԺԺҪǨŭҡ
˵һҧ
ңǼҵģ޹أҸ׸Ͳ֪顭
ȪҲæ
һᣬ׹ô£̲סҡҡͷ
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㵱ʱ˲֪ԺݣšûѾˡ
ΣܾԷ⳥Ҳûˡһָ˹
ڵĵλѾǰͨѧԱˣʦѧԺԺԷȻԼ鷳ĻһѧԺкܴӰ죻ȻʳѰںԶǣȥˡ
˵ƾԼӰ֪Լ˭ٸҺһ⣿
֮Ψֲ
λУһһҪݲУǡᣡ
ӹָɨһۣ漴
Ʒʯнӽö֮ࡣ
壬ô󷽣һ㶡
ôƷʯɲСĿԶó¶Ҫ˽ǣһʱ䣬˳
б鲼Զ۹ټǵĺܶ⣬ǺԴŵ۹ġʲΪҪ˵ʽ𣬿ǻңҲûô࡭
𾪣һĴ
ȻһУࡣ
ѹֵһμλֱóöƷʯԶɶġ
ԭôǮ
Ȼ⣬ֺԴ۹нףȫǰæղŵ뷨Ժתһ飬۾һ
ȱǮȥѰƷʯɵãȻԷ⣬Դŵ۹·سЩʮּ򵥡
֣׵öࡣ
ȻˣΪβһ£
Ҿˣ뵽⣬˵ͷպһеܻҪͷǣ
Ժ˵ﻰҺңֻҪܹضǡ
͢۾һͬʱȭ
µǶԷ££ϵԽԽá
λʱǶˣ޳裬Ϊһģ˺ܶЩҲòţȻҶģɷΪۣ
˵Ŀġ
⡭ҵ֮ã
ȻҪ͢Զʱϲ
ǣ棬Ҳ᲻Էⶫȥ˵Ѿǰӣмˡ
Ǿͺáڶ˵ȡһöָ˹
ʥ͵ıȫ档
ЩȻϡ˵ô󣬻绻ȡƷʯ
ڶԷ⣬϶ҲˢʲôС
ЩںԶǻ۹Ϊ֡Ժģǣ֤ڣͰȫ۳ȥ
͢ͷ


920 ٻ
౦ʯҪ˵Ŀ϶
ⶫֻϡޱȣԶҶò٣һô֡ȻǸۡ
ܵõЩۣһҡԺĹϵ˾ηܿظгø֪塣
˵æۣһݺô׬һǮ׬ˡ
Ǿˣ
׶ԷĿǣҲ˵ȭ˵ͷ
˼䣬ȷγۣ˱ʶȤǡ
뿪ӳ˽
ԺѾˣԺڿʦĻֻѡһʮɵ۹ͨ
ʮꣿҡͷ
ʱ̫ˣҪˣȻԽԽá
ԯɣ
ȥһһԯұɱȷĪ£ڰˣҲ֪ôˣպҲȥ
ãӳϵ˵ͷھʹѶܲȥԯ
Ӧһ
鼮Խ۹ǿˣѾȫ˽⡣
ʦѧԺȻиʦʸȴûʸּĿԣϱ߼ʦã˹
ȶ֮ǰк˶ȷȼ󣬿˵ٹȥ취һɹܲٴȷϡ
ͱ׵Ŀܡ
֪ͨܲ˺˶꣬Ҫʮʱ䣡ӳϼһ£ŵʮԺͿȥԯˣ
ţͷ
ôûѧϰʦѧԺְҵ飬ûйۿպóʮ칦һɡ
ļ죬ûĴߣһпվȥѧԺĲ⿴顣
ܿ죬ѱԺ似Ժ칤Ժ黭ԺЩ֮ǰûȥĲ⣬ȫһ飬е鼮ҲȫԺ
˿飬ǱչѧϰھʱڽЩ쿴ȫѧһ顣
ԽǹȭԼ似Ҳ˸⡣
ô֪ʶѧϰôؼȻûκսȴٴα
ʦܣöһָܽ
ʥڵΪʥһسڣɻܣȥܽ˻
ѾΪˣ似⣬ս򣬶ﵽ˼ߵˮƽ
Щһ죬ӱ֣κ̵˽˹ʼڿΡ
⼸ȻԸԵ似к̵⣬ʵҲͬΣͣ˵̫ˡ
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921 ߴӢ
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922 ټԷ
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ﴴ̫漣һֱܵѹȵü˵ðǿӵаʦ֮꣬콾ͻȻ֣ʱ˿˶ۿλţǺģ

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923 ʦ
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ҲǺܶ似һѧͻԭ򡣱Ͼ˶κξ⳩ͨġ
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933 ҽ
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934 
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935 һ߷
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939 ޵е֣У
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941 ڿν
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ԺҲŰʥΪ𣿽̳ͽܣѾﵽϷ⾳Խսսʦõİٷ򳤶Ƕ֣
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֪ԼѧѾܵսʦסĵطһҽ˶ܣʱڽ۷ҫȫһ顣
ˣ̲ס³һ
ʦڽ⣬ѧĶ࣬Ʒʯǵʵܴ
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һҺ˳ȥǰʧӰ٣֪˼⡭
żɰһûȫ
ҽ̲סͷ

ΧĿɿڴ


942 ȫͨ
˲֪ãɽǱ»ɫֱ࣬ۺףĻ֮ǰ꼶һ緢
ҽʵۼˣսɲһأ֮ȭֻһҲŰ
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ǰܽ顢ࡢѧԺ԰ñȺԶѧԺǿ̫ˣڡúߵѧ˵ġ
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947 ҵݲö˵˰ɣ
½Ժĺѣ֮ǰ˲鷳Ժݡʦ֡չ
ѧԺϣȷԼΪԺ䴦󣬱ʧȥټ
ӳ˵ȥؿء
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ܹϼܣû뵽ŽãˣΧ
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ֻǵ䣬ﵽ˽ӽǧĴأͷų˥ܵϢƺҪߵ˼ޡ
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ܵλʥصˣɫһף鲻ԽĽֱ
ҵӦò˵˰ɣ
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Ȼɻ󣬵Էڵǿ󣬸һɽ֮У˲֪ٱҲҪﵽϡ
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˵УҶսײУһԲ;Ϳܶ֡
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ҶڶһʮĶӶӳ١Խү
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955 ʵ
׻ʣϢЯĴָŵ棬͸ŷ죬ȥ
һţ̿ܣΧĿռȫ֣һûУ۴ĸ߶ᱻ֡
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˻з󷨣˵һӶɲȥѹλߣԼ˵˼ͳȥˣԭ޿֣֪ԼЩʦӲȥ
ۣ֮ľתϲޱ۾֡
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957 ͻƣʥ
ܴнǾȳ˵϶û⣡ԣ㲻õġˣһ֮
ЦЦ֪ǲǣʦҲҪмֵУױȺһնɱһǳؿߣ˵棬˭ǧ壿

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ؼǣԷƺľ⣬ӲԼ
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𾪣ͼԷľƱѾ͸ǰɷ˵͹ȥ
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꣬ԷɿƣЦӯӯĿԼƺúȰɣζΣ
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ЦЦһĶͷŶˣղСЩϣЩң֪ϰ߲ϰߡ
δ䣬ɫһף;ȫֱۣһѪ˳
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980 زػ
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ּĶʦȻλö֪ǹʰҵİɣ
Цö˼ҶºˣԼȱİ졭
ǺǣǶʦ˭λøʲô
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ԷھˮŶɷ֣ת̾ͳ׻⣬Ȼ˳ڶԷľˮһ˾綾
ޱȣԽκһѨλѨԷʥһڣֵס

ĻڶԷߣҺһٴѪ
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ҲУִ򲻹οжˣڶԷǶԷһ仰£
ڳԺڣ׬ǮɶûŪԼȿ챻ˣ;
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仯Ҳ̫˰ɣղһƺ޲ýأգ۹򣬾һȾĳǿģҪҪô
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߻ݱ̣̺ԣȴҲߵ߶пãںϣɫףܱʱֻĥʹ಻Ӧÿҹʱȫףɣ

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֮ǰ֮ԿҲҪΪؼ̫ˡ
ǵķȻͬȴҲ;ͬ飬ͬĹЧ
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Էķ֮ǰȫŹĲ²⣬û߻ħͺܲˡڿԭһϵȻ಻ͬ
ܶԴֻҪͰ࣬;ͬ顣
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ھԶĵλãīֻʮ·ҹɫڿзУٶȼ죬ʱ䲻Ϳһĸۡǰ
պָķλ֮䶯Ȼҵ󷨺ͷȱݡ
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ڶϢϲ̫ף棬ȷʵ֪ͦġ
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һΣԺеһŴУĿ˹ȥ
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֮ǰҲ̬࣬ϵһˡ
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988 
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滰һǿ󵽼˲佫Ժ֣ڵĴѹ£ƺʱը
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ͫһЩֱ
صĺܺãϢڣ˿һûƷ
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ӰմԺ˵أͱ֣Լûо졣
Է˵ĲԼ
˶ɫ·һѩ׵ĺ룬ĸߴ󣬺Ҳ˿
һԵЩСɣȴ˫Ŀž⣬һ鶯֮С
ʥһ۷ǿߣΪټӦһִδĹ
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ǵò֮ǰͳ˵Ӱ۾һ
λ⼸óֶΣ¾ǵϢɣ
ĿⲻƵĿ˹۾
⼸Էһֱ̽ǵϢ׷ٶû뵽սԺӾͱˡ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣼ȻѾˣͱˣ
ûشĻͳ˵ӰһЦָſѹصȡ
¡
ΧĿ̣һȵۡڣƺо޴
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ͫһߺӰͬʱɫࡣ
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ӰȻ֮ǰˮҶʵͬҲѾﵽʥؾ硣
ԪǿߣԴ۹쵱վ۷壬ʲôʱԶСطһðôࣿ
ȱݣ
Էʩչ似û˿ԥеͺһһ鼮ǰ
ָһ㣬æ
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ΪЧû뵽ˡ
λҲѰҶʦŶԵزػ־ڱصá
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ЦһҶҲǰļ׳˹ȥ

ӿͬ棬ƺҪ׳߷ٶȼ죬գ۹ͶܹȥԷǰһһɫķĩ
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Ҷһ˦۱ɡ
ͬʱָ罣ȥ
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Ԫ׻һܹ깥ûʹã׳ΣһʹãƼֲ˶á
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¡
ͬ͵һ𣬿зеļ׳Ǻ˾һ㣬ͣζЩвȡ
ۡ
ԶƺҲ⵽˹ɫһ죬һѪ
ѵǡ棿
üëһ
棬൱ڶʦķͨþѪں˻ߵĲֻǣһɱҲ⵽ش
ǺǣѹôԭǱ桭
ϳ㣬ҶҲ˳һЦ͵һץ
֨֨֨֨
֮ǰЩζвȵļ׳棬Ҳˣ̱ģɲȥ
ʵҪǿһЩⶫңڣ̫ˣ
ָһ׳淭˸ͷٴһΣɫס
㶾ʦǳ£綾Ҳ˷ʤϵʵֻʥһ۷壬Ҫɱһλصߣǲ˺ܴһء
ȥ򡭡
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ûᡭ
Էʱᶯ֣۾һ
ܽλϾ£ܵõΣû붾ȥܶ鷳
ץһλʦѶҪǿĶࡣ
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989 ö
ڵʵֻдʥȻֶΣʥضδǶ֣Ԫ񾳵ǿ߻ǲ̫ˡ
óȻȥпܱɱ
ǡԷڣж
λҶĿǰ״̬ǲġ
ҵĿǾˣǷҪҶնɱײ١ֻҪ֮ǰԸҶһȡöԷţǰС
˼
ڵĿҪϣֲöԷɡֱӽӳȫԽҶ
ֻǡöԷţôף
֮ǰܹ֮ɹΪ䲻⣬䲻ǰˡ
ˣԴˮҶ֡
һ뵽һɡ
ˮҶҶͬʮ֮һͬʱھԶǣ˵˿Ϊ˹ͬĿĶ
Ҳ˵пܶΪѰҶˣˮҶȥҪõزػԼŪ
ô죡
ͷһۣʱᱻԷնɱ֪ʱݲϸ룬һϻ
ΧѾƾ󷨵⣬ȫ֪Ŀ
ܿ죬˵棬ȫ䶯ˮҶߣ֮һģ
Щ˫ֱȭԺʷ
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˵ټ٣ǶǣԷʱҲ޴ӷֱα
Ҫľʱ
ֻҪöԷʱԼݣɽԶϾȳ֮زز
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Է˵úҶüëһ塣
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Էƿ˳ߣ۴һУò˶öᱻ֡һΧ£ӶӲҸط˵
ɻ

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Է˵ĲߵĻȻºۼһ׷飬ױ֣ʱڿУû˸ֽڻ߾ˡ
һԵ˽Ķ࣬˼άҲͦܵġ
˼ڶԷ󣬹˼£һҡ
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пǶԷŪȦףĿŽ붾
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ҡҡͷֻѧĿǰΪֹû˹
û
ĿһɫʦҲѧ£ƭƭˣ˵ùȥ˵һţ
ʦѧϰҪԸֶϸовͻᱻʦڣ˵飬ѧʲôЦ
֪㲻š
Էı飬뷨ЦҡҡͷǶʦҲû취ɡɸҺұһöӮңö룬϶֡ӮˣϣܽҴĶʦȼ
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990 ζ
αԣذɣ
ͬ⣬
ԶԷƢԣǿĻɱˣδ˵λã˵һ˵ٵģ鷳Ȼࡣ
õİ취ǶԷǶʦԴŹȥ
˵κ̵»ҪİòҪ֮
ãڵû취öҩϵмҩѡһܹеĶԣҾͳǶʦ
˼һ£һץǰ˰˸մɹޡ
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֮۵£ܵȵɱ⣬ƺֻҪƿһѪɺӡ
ľ綾ҩһеԣһͷųûжӦĽҩɾ޴ѡ
ˣʦְҵְҵɵΪݡ
Щǡ۷嶾ҩ

ЩմɹеĶҩȻﵽ۷壬֮ǰǸ׳涼˿
Щҩﶼﵽ۷壬ѡһֻҪһʱƳҩҾͳǶʦ
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ԷĹʮּ򵥣ûйԥ˵ͷһɹޣִ򿪣ͷ˹ȥ
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ʦ鶾Ϊ˱Լ⵽㣬Ĳͷǰһǵһ㲽趼ûãͿʲôơʳһƿ飬ѱ̽ȥһ¡
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öԷ϶ᱻͼ˶չޣķĩһѣģָһ¡

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ˮӦÿڸвճģ̫ÿζϿƵĻǿܳһ룬˾͹ǺˣϾҸ˶ԣճĶԶЩθ

һ߳һ̬ȳϿҵĵ

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ĿҪը֪λش𣬾Զǿǰ
Ʒ˵ȷż֪ǺƷ˵˵ܹæҵ
תͷȥͼǰ΢΢һЦϡ


991 ץҶ
ݳϿңƺģȻ޷ܾ
ƷҪҪһڳ͵ԣץסԶǵԺţ
ܵԷġϡȾ̲ס
⵹ǣڳ͵ԣȷ޿ˡ
˵ͷԴǣǾѰңԷҪȻȻ֪飬ŪûߣɣúΧȫöԷ޿ӣ㣡
⡭
תͷԶҶ
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ôɣպи̣ھͼ
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ڵĶֻҪ뻢ڣа취
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ô˿ܣݻⲻ߸еĴ
ߣǣ
ôоҹ¼ҹˣһ¶ûУôء


992 Ҷ
ʱ䲻룬Ҳû̫Ƶʱ䣬Хȫ
֮ǰЩʥؼĿܣҶֵܵһо綾ֵסʱ䲻ӡԴ׵ĺôƽڵϣ٣ʱҵ
ƣǰǰļһţҵ޳裬һ
ǰߵľöԷĿԲ󣬵Ҳһ¡һɹһʥصˣض
ʱҲԶ˽Էܣ֪ΪɳôߣΪηҪѰҵλá
㡭Σ
ҪҶҧгݣҪը
ߣԷȻҪ޳衭ֱܣ
Ǻðɣ
һҺݺݵĴ򣡡
ˣûκκøУû˿ͬ飬Ȼɱ˾ǡ
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ȡ֮ǰĽѵǰӡ˶ԷѨλԪ޷룬һٹκв
ŹһᣬҶʱÿ֣ͣһ䣺ˣһｻˣһҪѰҶĿġ
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ȻĿֱ࣬ӽԶҾͺˣɳλߣǧѰҶΪʲô
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ͼż
üͷ壬̲ס˹
ѵ˵żڻԴǣ
֮ǰԺ˵Ҫȥżǣܴ󣬶ӵеͼûʱȥѰҡ
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ǣƿڵӡıѹԺܲˣ֪ҲҪǰȥˣ
ΪһԷɹ˵пǼѡ


993 ȥ
ѯһᣬԷԻԴǵǴż˽ⲻ֪࣬ޣҲ޷֪Ϣҡҡͷ
ʱҲˮҶԪѶϢͶԷ˵ֻǶνĵͼ˽ĸϸһЩ
˵ǧǰǴżֵģ෽ᣬ˶С
ֻǣ֪ʲôԭ򣬶δǰȥѰټһԷ⣬ö֮Ϣܶ˾Ͳ֪ˡ
ҲǶ෽֪̽ѶϢշת׼ᣬɳߣû뵽ˣӰӶûԵԼ
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ǵĿǡΪնɱԶ۹Ӱˣ磬ߡʦѧԺԺҲǡ㣬춯ңϾˡҶɫһ죬
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⡭
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ֻſں˵ʲôؼ
ѲɡԷٴζ˻ɣ


994 ˶ʦķ
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˵ˣ˵춾
ԷڽĻ֪ʶֱָ˶ʦ壬ֻҪΪν춾壬嶤ġ
ȻѾܸĹԤ֪ʶһй¶Ȼ𼫴󶯵ŪãΪ֮㸲
ԾˣβԵɲҩֻҪһģõõҲԳΪһ

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ǹǽϣȹޱȵǽգ۹ͳѺۣ漴˾Ϳһâֱӷ϶д˳

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֪ܣɫһϲŶ棬ϣʱֱۡӵ¶ļϣ˼׳档
꣡꣡꣡
ſҧ˹ȥѪ˳ųӵͣ䡣
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1002 
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1003 ǿʦ
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Ϊ˾춾ѧκ̡
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ţֻȥ飬ԷԳݣ鷳ζû뵽һݱ޷صľ档
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1005 ܲ
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޷ͻơԪȻصĺܺãȴʮǿ󣬰Ϳϰ裬ԪѨһûУ˵ԪŽѨλաټϼ룬ʣµĲƶˣ
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1008 κ̵Ʒ
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ʦѧδҪֳ֪ʱһһĵС¶Էᣬȥֻ֣Ҫߵĸ߸Զڵ֪ʶõʵͻеοĵ׸ˡ
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1010 
ʦһΣҲһΪ˵׼
Դʦ֮Ŀʼֵ֪壬δһ˿ȴ
ԼҲĵȷȷ㡣
Դ״ֻҪܹڵģӲʦ˽
źκ̣һȡƿ̱Ԫĵҩָһ㣬ӿС
ЩҩƽԵĻʥûκЧͲһˣƣٶ
ңĴڵҩУҩ뿪ʱܾãҲɢżĹЧ
ͷھƺȫͬ
ÿƿʮöҩ㹻Ӧһˣ
˵ͷ
ЩҩǸסλʦ׼ģȻǱκ̣ȻҪ֤ᱻ
Щó˿հ鼮ëʣдһƪ԰׶ʦдһ׷Ŵӷ䳲лصԺ䡣
һڣҹʵҲƣ
ϥڵϣת˼죬žûָ漴ŵ
ҹˣ
ɣ
סλʦ˽ǰڵأĿдżᶨ
ʦǿǺˣ
ţд˾Ҳǣ
֪Էѡ˵ͷ׼Ժһ׼õĵҩ͹ؼ˹ȥ
һۣͬʱ١
Ƕʥ۷ǿߣСöķ֪ʮǰⱾؼ򵥣ȴֱָƺͿư˼ҩ׾٣
ȻǰΪҪͻƲУ
͢רΪ׼ƽԪŽյ⣬Ӧúܿͻƣ
˵꣬һؼ
ûʥصͻֱӴڹͻƣģͨͼݣ֪ȱݣԵĴһ̫ѡ
ϸǹһԶԷ˷
ֻҪϸԪŽյܽͻҲ£ˮɵ⡣
𣬴һȭҿ
ð͢ȥǰĺʦ
֪ԷҪڣ𲻸ԥæʩչ似һȭ
Ժ鼮ãڴһ׷
Ǳ۾Զ˵ģȡ鼮дȽ鷳ڶഫ
ļԺ𾪵ͬʱʦ
ֻһȭ֪ϵȱݺ֢ᣬҲһʱ䣬еĴһ׹ҲֻλĿʦʦսĳǿߣɣ
¡
컹ûһ𣬰͢ʦȫһһ޴Ԫʹڸֳҫ˷Ũصѹ
ʥأϾ
ϾԪϣأԪɴȻһȴҲʮֿˡ
ؼǣԪܸõȻأʩչǿս
ﵽּÿһӵлصս˾η;֣̤Уվڴ½۷壡
׶ʦͻƲãΧٴϯʦԪҲ
רԵķ˫˫ͻơ
ջԪǰͶأ޻ɡ
ǵǶʦ˿ٵͻƣǰȴˣǿʦʲô
ˣ棬κ˶ܴţҲ׼ӣ
˳ݵ˰֡
ǣ
λʦ˳Ժ䣬Ųһ̽ӵ󷨣κ̷˳
ȵų󷨣ð͢˽
λʦ
ʱȻǰģΪϢȴֻдʥĿҲõ峺û֮ǰְԾµģˡ
֪ʦĻѾ뿪壬ɫһͬʱȭ
ţǾµ壬һҪУ
һָԶκ̡
İɣһɣ
ͬʱͷκ̿˹ȥһᣬȫɫǺ죺ѵŮ֮ǰ춾壿
ǵģȻܳʦ̺綾Ļǣ
˿̵κ̣ѾͣɢŶΪ۷嶾ʦȻܹϳ
ţʦֻǱҸ壬û뵽ȻҲ춾壬̫ˣԤֻҪԺʦ󣬶´ﵽԻͣٺ͹һ㣬ڣָտɴ
ʦ˵ˣǾ뿪˵أȥܲɣȻɹȴ˻ԣ뾡Σ󲻵ã
Ը
׶ʦ˵ͷĿΪǧǰһ鼮ѾԶȥȡˣغܿͻõ뿪
ȥȡ飬Ӧ÷Ѳ̫󹦷򣬵˶á
鼮ɻĿ
ţǹһżģڻԴǣ˵Ҫܲǽⶫߣܹʲô
׶ʦû
ȻʦĻǲڶԷˣǶ˵껹ܵԷƣ
ڻԴǵ鼮ѵǡνĵͼ۾һ
ǰԺ˵һͼ˶֣֮Ϊġ
˵Ȿ飬õ󣬿ɷҿһۣҲ޷
뵽⣬̲ס
ֻҪ鼮ͼݶӡһۼɣҪ
Ȼԡ
׶ʦͷ
ԷҲǶʦʦĵһһ鼮ѣҪߣҾܾ
ǾͶлˡ
ЦЦ˵һһζһƵԶȻʲôȻ̮
ôˣ
ɫһͬʱķȥ漴һɾ޴ĳӲԶɽϴʲôǿߣڽս
ʥǿ߳֡
üëһ׶ʦ
ǡķ򣡿ȥ
ԶʵǿԶֻʥ۷壬ǸȴǿߵԳ˱ʣ
ңؼڵ꣡
ʢǱ鼮ĵط
ಣಣಣ
ٶȼ죬գ۹ǰͼΡĽѾ̮ϵ˶վڲԶһż
ʲô£
׶ʦʵ
׶ʦҲ˵Ҫȥȡţڶû֡
ϼæ
һֱû϶ˣȥ
üë𣬰׶ʦû˿ԥ˽ȥ
ʦϡ
ϵ˼ǽȥһǾᣬƬ̣Ҳȫҧȥ
طֻеܽ룬ûʸģڳ˱ʣҲֻƻˡ
УͼɽϵĹһ޽ĸߴΰǰʯϣƽ¼źպս
ʱ䲻׷˰׶ʦˣͼѾͣվһǰɫѿ
˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥͫһɫɷף
ֻԶſڴӵм䣬Ѫ
æɹȥ䱧ȴֺߣȻϾ˺ǱһĳǰĴӶǶԷ¡
ˣ
೤ϣȫɫһס


1011 Ҷ
ʱԶֹͣЩ˵壬ǸɱݵƤͷ͹ǿʲôΪֵ飬һݶҺûüųͱֱӻС
ǲǣ
ɫվϷ׶ʦƺʲôתͷߵĺʦ
ǡ
ɫصĵͷ
Ҳµһ
׶ʦ۾絶ĺɱ⣺ˡ
⻰üë𣺡˵Զɱģ
ʦĿڱȻãȴ׻ʦһͶˣ򣬾صʦҲὫڳ
ûнȴնɱһλ⵽ô£
ԷȻѾȷϡ
ʬɱǱ˾Ѫֹֻ˲С
˵ͷ׶ʦˡ
˾Ѫ䶯ٴʬ忴˹ȥɫҲѿ
ͶԷ˵һʬڵľѪһɶǱʲôˣʮֿɲ
ѪĸӲ⣬ʹ֪Ѳնɱ¾ˣ
˵ĹֶΣ𾪡
Ȼɱ˲ˣǻ϶ǶԷδֵʱͱɵбֶΣû̫ĸдǰʬ֪壬ϹʱڣΪʲôηˡ
⾫Ѫҽͨ죬Ҳû취ˡ
ӦǹǱ鼮ģ
׶ʦŵ
ԷǱ粻֣֣ƫƫԶ˵꣬Ѱ鼮ʱ֮նɱĿԶ׼
ʦͷĿ磺ոձɱҲǲŴãӦûûԶ׷Ļü
˵ϸΧ˹ȥƬ̺εҡҡͷ
Էмǿķ׷ʶһоͽɱû˿ۼôһҴԶԷʵ׷پͼˡ

۾
һͳˣӦûûӵ̫Զ
ֻҪûߣƾ׶ʦʦڵʵӦÿɽƷԷ
ۣ֮ſӶϸһȦܿڵϿһ˿ۼ
Ǹˣָһָ

ָķ򣬰׶ʦɻ
Ǹչλá
һ·ûпߣǶĴӪɱ˵취ߣӪȥ
ǲλǿûʦԷʥѣʥصǿ߻ǲ˺ܶࡣ

֪ߣ鼮ͿҲˣҲͣҴҵ򿴳ķ򣬷Ӷȥ
˿϶׶ʦ˲پᣬ׷ȥ
ʱ䲻߳꣬ҿ˿üͷ
ͷʮֽƻ֮ǰкۼģھ֮۶ˡ
Ҳ˵ǼһӦþͲڸûüߡ

һƬƽĵ棬ΧһЩ̫ߴĽһЩɢֲһ۾ܿţյûκεطΡ
ǡͫһ̲סͷ
Ϻ͵϶ûУֻһֿܡص˵¡
ֻΧûκοӶرҲ⻬£ȥҲȥ
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ãɻ󣬰׶ʦǰ
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˵ͷ׶ʦҲ˵ԪѨâһһһģһӰ˳
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һΣ˹ȥգ۹ͽУʧǰ
Ԫͻһ仯ܵ־ȻӲҪ뻹׾١
¡
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ӣ
Ӱʦһ͵ץ˹ȥγһ޴ӡû£Ľɾͷ׷ըѡ
ʱĺʦѾﵽʥأ֣ɽԵֵ

ӳӰĹ֪һбɣڿ͵һţֱ׹䡣
ٶƺȸղ涼Ҫ˼֡

ʯͷһڵϣſ϶Ѫȴˮ䵽ɳһ㣬գ۹ʧӰ١
ǡ
ڵĳһ޴ӡȴûҵӰʦͫһ
һ㶣ԡ
һѪеܹԪһڵ´Уܵ
ٽһ䣬ʦһȣ͢׷桭һˣ
ã
´˰׶ʦ
Ԫϣڵߣһһ£ԷӵееȻҲ޷ѣ
䣡
һҵĻζܵĽͬݶһ㵹˷ɵ¿ȥͼƺͷھ֮һ޴ѷ졣
ѷֱǰӣʯǵˣΧ֡
׶ʦոͻʥأƿػûдﵽһڿսҲˣڵ£ɸ˾޴ѡ
˵֮ǰöЩǧ꽨಻ԵĻ˿ֱ̼ǻԵĴ
طǾ䶯ۼĽ˷档
ಣ
֪˶ãһӰٴδӵ˳ûϴεٶȣճ֣һѪصˤڵϡ
һֱĺʦûκԥָſһץγɵͽڣ
ȻˣԷģüͷһ塣
һԼɱĽҶЩƣɢϢȻﵽʥء
λҶҲʮ֮һóУսܲңߵĻŵϵһ
ҶǧϷ䳲Ĵ˹
һʥǿߣֻҪԸ⣬ʶӳ鿴Χ
Ҷʮߣô̲סʵ
νʮߣԼѾһˣշշԼйء
ҲΪԼ׶ʦʦʵƾеͬס
ӦⱾͼ¹شʲҺˮҶԱʱ֮裡ˮҶɱҳһ˺ϵ
룬Ҷ²
λãǼȫȻҲĴѰҵزػնϹˡ
֮Գĸǡ
δǸǣҾпܸ˰׶ʦˡҡͷ
뿪ԶǵʱʮСģ˸٣Ȼܹ
ǰ׶ʦˣûϵ㣬ܲűԷ˿ɳ֮
ˣǿƥ޷룬ܹڵ´еҶûôˡ
һɵһֱţûҳֱ֣жĸ˹ȥȡ鼮һٽ
֮ǰƲ⣬ƾеȫ֮ززζû뵽סʦҹͻƣűסû취ߡ


1012 Ŀֻ
Щ˵ӣ֪˶ԷݣƲ
ںҶͼԶİ׶ʦԪѾصҶǰָһ㣬һĶҩ˶Է壬ϴĮǳ⣺˭ģ
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мˣ
˵ͷһᣬڱѪϾ˺
һͽҶҶһдž綾ʧܣΪֹй¶ܣֱɱ
֪ԷݣҶһû뵽öҪ֣Ȼˡ
ЩһõĶֻҪãֿ̱ҽʦҽ졣
мƣ
һ׶ʦ˲⣬ҪǵͼԷȻͼ϶Ҳڡ
ǰָȡһ飬ɫ÷ǳѿ
ôˣ⸱飬ʦ˹
ûС׶ʦ
ûУ
ʦԡ
ɱ˵ͼûߣͱץסͼôܲ
µĲ˵ɽҧ׶ʦǰûڡ
ʦ˲ɵ⻰׹
ߵͼˣһ¶¶˷֣עͬ鴴ߵĻᡣ
ӳµڣѾʮӣҪͲ²һ˶Χһ󺣣ۼȫޣ׷ˡ
ǡҶ
ܹףȻҲƲɫѿҶԴ
Ҷ
ʮ֮ʵǿĻһΪѴﵽʥسϾڣλʥǿߵƤ£Ϣߣֻʵ
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Ͼڣࡣ
ͶԷ˵һȷпܣ
־ǿߣȫԽڵ棬ԪĹõͼѸߣٶ֮죬Ԫ񼶱ķʥ޶޷׷
ѹԼƭˣ֮ûпû뵽ʮ֮УȻǿߡ
ԺҪСˡ
ʮ߶˭ʵΣ
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ûԥҶʮߵϸ˵һ顣
ͷ
߾ͺѶԸˣû뵽ԷӣżеĶڱصãڸǽͼߣżٴο彫鷳
ˮڰɣ
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ݵǱˮԪͨ裬ӵͲˡ
ߵͼɱ±ϻܲﶾʦǶ˾ȸˡ
˶ԻĹ򣬰׶ʦҲɥĿ˹
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ԶɱȺףһƾϳΪε
زػ͸ϣָɹͻƳΪǶʦ˿
ĿɣûмȥıҪͰ׶ʦǡ
׶ʦķʥٶȼ죬һ죬»ص˾Զǡ
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š·塢ԬΣֵκ̡
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ипԾٴ߽ī
ͨѯʣ֪ʦúͺԶң˹⡣
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Ϊ壬ȴΪЧʲôԵɣ޿ˡĿǰѾѺ۶彫С
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µĲģαװģ˵ֽС
ͷ
Хһɫף˵ĿǡʦѧԺԺԺ
īΪϢ֮أ֪ܶ飬ХҲλԺĴһֱΪżҪܶĿꡣ
ͷڲԺĹܼҾͽǿңʦúͻôʹڲϢԺЩٲ²ݣɵˣ
⡭
Х׹ֻô룬ԺȻǾԶˣһī
ˣҼǵɱ˶Ƶġ
һ£æ̧ͷȥͼԼɫףͷ£й¶Ųھͽ
뵽Ǻ¡
٣ȻʦѧԺԺͷˡⲻҿ˼ʦȻͱʬˡ


1013 ص
գ΢ůˡ
ڿʮ죬ԶǾ޴ߡ
ʮʱ䣬ڶѧ֪ʶ׺ڵʵڻͨʥҲ˴ʥ۷壬ʥһš
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ʱ䲻ڸۡǿǰ֣Сү˽ˡ
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սʦõĴߣǿʦһλ״ӣսʮǿ˳ս
ֻҪܹͨѡΣпܵõУΪʦ½۷ǿ֮һ
ҵԼĳ·ˡ
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ʦ
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1015 ҿ
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̫ˡ
ǣ
ʦԸīֱе˹ȥ
ʱҲʮַŭ޲ý֪ߵغļһﵱ

ûǰƾ˳ץ˳ȥ
ʥǿߣһرɫ罭
ţ
׼ҵڵ㣬һȹ̷ӡû֣Ϳīüͷ̲סһɻ
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ղžϳЩìܣʦôСɣ
ԷѾ֣ЩûãɫһҲһưȥ
¡
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īͫһ
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±ʥض˿
֨֨
𺳣Կ֪Ѷˣ·ķӡͻȻһݷ
·ʱӿ
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ͫһ
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񱩵һӡ춯ò׼õĽڵ㣬пܳ΢ƫ
ֽڵ㣬ǣλã֮ǧһ˿ʧ󡭡ۼҪҵطȫˣһȴһֱҡ
ֱǸѣ
УϾҪһʼˡ
ɫͳļ٣һʵǿ̫ˣղܵסΪУûʩչȫڶǿɱңȫˣҳɹڽڵ㣬Ҳûпܡ
죬ֻһ˲£һﵷңˡ
ԷʥصʵܹԽսҲǶ֡
Բˣ
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ǣ
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ˡ
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·һڵֱ˳ȥڿоʹڴѪ
ѧϵĹʥǿϣֻ֮ززο
̫ˣ
֪ѧ飬һֻˣ˿ᣬһתĵ죬׼һطҪȥ
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¡
ûһۻĹâͻ
ǰһڣ᳤ͺ֮ǰīһ˳ȥһͷײڲԶұϣ˵Ǳ


1018 
᳤Щץˡ
ô벻ͨЩѧΪλ׵Ժ
ô˵˶ദҹˣϲ˵޼䣬ҲĬҪǹƾҲԥһ¡
û˿ͣ٣ֱӴɡ
ֱäĿŴˣ
Ǹղţ˵ˣһһҵĽڵ㲻ԣ˶ѳᣬ޷ˡ
ڽԼȫѹ䲻ϣû˿ɡԺҲεûκηֱ˰ɣ
ֱʲôܲäĿŴӵĿȷۡ
Ŵʯٴпȥͼе죬Ѿƣֱһڵ˹ȥ
ˡ
ͫһ
ڵùӿ񱩵ĵطһ룬ǵй»Ὣ֮
û뵽һӢȻǱһصļһӲ붼
¡
İˣʱ·ӿڻˣӿ
ˣ
ҵ𶯣ôؿʼڣվڿӶԱߵѧӣһվȣˢˢˤڵϣʦɫ
κ֮ǰ͡
ͫһ᳤ɫѿǲš
·ӿ֮ǰҪǿ˺ö౶Ϸķӡƺʱᱻ˺÷顣
֮ǰôӴ˵ֵסѧӣҲûκô
׷ʲôôͻȻôࣿ
ˡ᳤¶˾
֮ǰֵͻ˿񱩣붼룬ӡ϶ֵס޴ȻԲǧĵطը촷ۡ
ûκϣ˶ʱ򣬾ƮɵԺüͷ
ԣţһ¾ͺã
滰֮ǰͷɳȥͻȻӿٶȣֱȷõĽڵ㣬˹ȥ

ͽڵһӴʱᱬըķӡߣ˳˵è֮ǰͣ࣡һƽһˮ
ţڵ㴦һһֱȥһ޴ˣƺҪնơ
⡭ˣ
ȫ᳤ֱʹ۾
ڵ㲻֮ôһȥ֮˳ɢﵽ֮ǰ붼Ч
ֱ飬ոշ˺Զò׻īҲĿɿڴ
ụ̂Ҳûõһ塭񱩵ͣˣõϵļɣѧô󷨣ôôδ˵ֲأ
æתͷ·ѧӿȥȴû˿ȣ֪Ժֹһ㡣
ʦ᳤ҹû㶨˼ҹҲͼʮӣҪ˸һ塭ˡ
Ѳɣһ֮ǰ˵˱Ƿ̣Ǵʵ
ƣͿӿһѧӵϷͣ
λˣѾ׽ϿϢָɣ
лԺ
Ҿ֪ûԺ˵£
֮ǰǸ᳤ĵ˵ʲôԼ۷ʦҲô
ԽûʵˣԽ֪ţ㿴Ժô𣿡
ǰԺ̫͵ˡ

Ժ׿ڳϣѾ·ͬʱȻһɫǺ죬ֱϥڵϣʼָ
첻߲ݣҲĺܴٶˡ
̫أֻҪʱ䣬ָܹܿ
ָʵ̫صģԳְæƣæ˽ӽһʱѧӣ˿
ѹ֡Щѧŷ붼롭ԭԼԺÿһ˵ʦѡսѡ
һĻ᳤īЦΪΣʱ̣ЩѧӲԼˣλβˡ
Դŵ۹ĴѧԺÿһλԺλ磬Ƕֻ߲ͣһЩǡǵʦû˿ͷϤչˡģġ
ˡ
Щصʦ˸ǰ򺫻᳤˼æȭʵڲ˼ղΣ³˳ֱʣ֮
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īɫǺ죬޲иطȥ
ǺģһŪ޷ճľ棬ȴ˲㵢˴£һ뵽Ρ
ҿλԺСڣûôأ˽ǴˣȻȻΪʷˡ
ɢҪһʱ䣬ӡҲû״򿪣ȻػԴǣպõȵսʦõˣ

Ȼ˷ӡֵҪУҪһʱ䣬񱩵ȫйɾ϶ҪĹ
ټսʦúѧԺˣûҪһ
ã
˵ͷ˳ʥޣԴǷ˹ȥ
ʦиĸۡס˽ȥѧӣԺдء
żڲΣأЩѧӹȥ̫ΣգȻѧԺ˵
ڸۡһ죬ѧԺԺԼսʦõˣȫ
γ֣ȥսʦܲûйȴλǧ򳤣ʵǿﵽʥ۷塣
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һλһۣ¶ŨŨĵ⡣
սʦ£˵ˣ֪ǰλԺȻֻдʥ𣬵սˣսʦֻǿ
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λǧ򳤣սڡ
ԣһΣʲôʲô
밲ӣô
̫ˣҲ۰
һǲңλǧ˫۽ơ
Ҳŵһμ棬ʹɱɱĶ಻ãȾƣȾơȡһƺ«һϡ
ǧҡҡͷ㲻ȶҲУһ취֤սʦòǿģ
򣬷ҪȾƣλǧһת뿪
ͨѯʣ֪λսʦзѫսʦöǺսӣսʦȥͨѧ仨ˮоǿĵ⣬Ҫλһ
սʦһλӵǧ򳤣нԭϺܺȴҲսⰻȻ
սʦһ޵еĴʣȴںԶѧԺڣΪǧ򳤣ȻҪ
ʦ壬Դ۹ĸˣҡʦ᳤ī㶼ˡսʦó˽ԭѫ׿磬ʮλսʦѧԺλԺϳϣһˡҲ˵Ҫżģʮˡ
ľʦǰϸ
ţ˵ͷ
ԱҲŽȥģûͬ⡣
⴦żΣأһǶȥˣѧԺһ϶ûУȻҡ
㣬żͻῪһϾҪľʦ
ã
˵ͷľʦǣصԼԺ䣬ϢͼԼԺеʯϣһ֪Щʲô


1019 ǣ
ƺЩ߹֪¹˪һϣһֵӣʱƮɵĸо
ʲôأô񣿡
΢Цǰ
ûʲô
عҡҡͷվһ۵»ɷҳȥߣ
һ£˷ܵ𣺡Ȼ֮
⸱飬ؿЦҡͷʲô飬ô𣿡
˸һ𣬾ܸˣҲᾡΣװһݣкģһﵹãʲôʲô飬ǣĽ
ҡЩţʵһֱΡ
ŶΣȤ˹˵
ұǸʮֵ͵ˣҲˡ
ҡͷ
͵ӣһЦղϵįһɨ⣬Ҳ̲סεãһû
һߵģߵĲӣΪҫǡ˿̾Ȼ˵Լʮֵ͵
أ
˲Ҫ񣬲֪ΪΣһһ𣬷ޱȵķɣһ֮С
Ȼţ
Ůı飬ҡͷ
Ǻܵ͵ģ컯Ūˣ̫ˣߵҹеө棬Ŀ㶼㲻ġ

һ棬ٴЦ
˱˵Ц̤ҹɫ߳ʦõĸۡ
ҹˮ¶ȱȰ콵˲٣ڼҵˣȫ˳ֵ
ز֪ʲôαװ˿ȻҲƯȴôڣˣ·ϵֻǾ̾û̫Ŀ
˺ôһᣬͣǰһָԴΪԭ򣬺ܶζطûеģиƵ꣬ЪЪصɫ
ǰȥֻһߴĽϣдĸ֡ξ¥
ΣһЦãԾƵ衭¥⾳
һЦŮ˵ͷ
¥棬װ޵ʮݻҲܰߵĻƣﵽ˻صʵһ֪¥򵥡
λ͹٣롭
һӭһλһۣԷûİõ
ɫһݡ
ϣ
ȥһơòȫ
ò˵ľƲ˵ȷԴǷḻĵػ𣬲ְҵǳ㣬ƵҲʴζ˺һھУ
β㣬ɽ𽭺е֣ʮϡ٣ʮܳһףʣϻƾƣζѡ
ȸ޸Σֱ죬ٷһЩͣͿʳã̺Ũ˵ζǾ
Ҷ⣬ǻԴеҶ⣬ͬ⣬нͷ
һ߳ԣһ߽ܡ
ЩζֻҪһڣͼݾ鼮˵ֻϸܣ˵ϵļʮȱݣҲԲظ
ʳҲԣ
˵ϸ֡
ǰһͲ󣬲ʵǿְҵǰ󣬺ʲô֪һ㡣
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һ
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ʲô˵ЩȻʵã»ܹġ
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ܳҡ
˼Ҳǹ𡭡æ֡
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ʹﵽʥ۷壬ѧأͳһѧԺ˶ĸԸĳϡ˸ǲ֪ˣ޷ġ
̬ѣȴÿζܺԣֻҪ䣬Ժ󣬳ɾ;Բ
֪ضǰλĿ˺ܴ仯
ǰֻ޶˵ľһЩ׽ڣڱĶôҫ۶ĿȻʧɫ
֪ǰ꣬
Ȼֻһ˿ȴǰδйġ
ȥɣ
һᣬȥ
µգӰ޳΢縡ŮɢڿУ˵
Ĵδо˰Ʋ˹ȥŮֱ紥һ޻ϸ塣
һæֳأǰɫһ죺Ȼȥˣ
˵꼱Ҵǰȥһʧǰ
ˡ
ΣһĶͷҡ
úõ·ܶһᣬȥ˼֣ԷҪǹԺѶˣ
Ǵ
һΣصס쿴Է̬ȣԸҪԶһ
ټҵˣҵѣҶ棬ߡ
תͷȥͼһʮˣһԺſڣһİˡ
ϴѪķ糾ЩǱӦǸվʲôΣյ£ոջ
ټˣ
˼ͷһҧվһĶһԼĲӾĨ˹ȥ
ɱ
û뵽·һɱģüͷһ壬ָһ
ˣ
һâ˹ȥĵĳУˣһ£˲Զǽϣͣζ


1020 ޽
ɣһ㶣תͿꡣ
͵ΪҪѰ̼
ڡ
ǰҲˣ˵ʵȻﵽ˻سڣڻԴǾһˡ
ǰֻһ
֪ôԶһָĳʵȻ߹ܶ࣬˲δԷӣϹףį
ʮҾ־磬ǲ˰ɣʲôԭ˾
֡
ԴԴḻʮܴﵽģҲ츳͡
ʵ츳ʲôУƫƫ벻Ѱ̼
ͷǰʣʵûлȥĶˡ
ҡҡͷԴǣػۻ룬ְҵʦͿʼѧϰʦ˶ʮѧͽΪܹҽ£˭֪ʮ꿼˶ʧˣ˲츳˴Żʲô壿ֱԼˣְҵˡ
˶ʮѧͽһ㶣ڡһʦǣ
ǿߣռĻ۷ʦֻѧͽļٵģ
ϻ˴֮ˣ
ţÿ޷ƺõػ¶ȣս̥ϡοˣʦҲ̲סʦţѧͽˡ˶ϣܳΪʦ򣬽ȴкĿˡ
Խ˵Խܣ˱
գ۾
ǿߣ꿪ʼѧϰȴһʦû˳ɹû츳Ҳû츳ֵزɣ
ģȷѽܴ
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֡
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ûǿߣһʦ˲֮ǰ붼ģ˵ȥֱ췽ҹ̷š
лǰҵѾƣҲ޲ûõɱˣüˣ˹
ɱеʱ䣬¶Ҳоܹڵ⣬˳˳ɹ

ԷҪɱҲܲţֻǾûǿߣһʦʵЩ˼
⡭粻
㶼ҪɱҽˣɱҲ٣ЦЦ
ã˵˵ͷҧ
ҲԣҪɱˣѾûʲôʧȥˣԷʲôҲ޹ؽҪһ
ǱһרľңһƷУȥɣ
˵굱ȴ·ʱ䲻һķ䡣
ػ¯ӦоУԶļϻ˺ܶʯٶϼģλȻļ𲻸ߣϡнȴѼ˺ܶࡣ
һܣͻȻһʯ棬Ƥһ¡
ǡ޽𣿡
޽һʮϡеĿʯڻе֮У
ʹⶫӦַȫýԴͻڵʵ
˫ĿŹ⣬Ǽ
֮ǰһֱţԴʵֻҪĿʯһֱûҵҲ͸
û뵽һҪɱˣȻľҷֿʯ
ҿʼˣ
ûı仯һͺȣ¯ǰ
ǰһץȼգʱػ˳
ȵĻХҵǽӳյ͸죬һץһ޴ģһ龫УƬ̺󣬱յ

棬ܿ״һĳ
ò˵λˣ̥ĴѾﵽ¯ĵزλ۷ʦҪǿĶࡣ
ʱ䲻ḁ̃Σٴһץд˭֪ڴʱػ͵ӿգ۹򣬾ͽոմõĳճˮ֮ǰŬһ
ʧˣҾ˵ҲƳɹɥ¶ʧ䡣
Ϊܹı֣֮ǰһģһû˿仯
⡭ľɥͬĹ̿üͷ
ڵ㲻ʹͼݣҲܿԷϵ֢⡣
Է̥Ĳ跽ûκδ󣬿ڴϣػ˷󣬴ӶƳɹ̥һգ۾ڻɾ
Ҳ˵ĲҲûдڵ͵ػԸպýȻ෴һд𣬾ͻػ궯֮ǰ̥ɷӶ¹һ
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ʲôȱݣҲˣϰģֻҪﵽ۷壬֪ܲ
ȻˣԷеλǴʦΪû˵ûָ㣿
λ˷ֲˣпԭϾʵȻˣΪһʦûп˳ɹûʸȥ߼鼮ġ
ֻдﵽ۷弶֪
ԡãͻȻüͷһָĹ˲㣣Ȼһ꿪ʼѧϰôܳͼĴ
˹ġ۾
ӹҽˣӹʦˣһʼ˹Ĺųǰ־档
ֻĹԶԷʲôô
Ի󲻽⣬۾ʢſʯļϣͻȻһ
ЩʯѼģ
ǣ֪Ϊλʣ˵˵ͷԴĴǵػ𣬻Ũ̺֮ʯƾÿζҵ١
ƾ
ǵģǵʦڵģŬĻȻЩʯУҵܶ࡭
˵˵ͷ
ǣͬкܶࣿ˹
кܶ࣬һѧϰѧͽ30λ󲿷ֶѰҿʯʱ򱻵ػûճɻҽˡʣµֻҺһ
һ£˵
ǸǲҲͬ޷Ϊʦ
ͨʲô˹
ǣʹһ꣬ͬ޷˳ɹȥʵڳܲסѹѾɱˡλԼһĻ飬ҡͷ
ѧϰôȴ޷Ϊʦеʧ֪ܶһ꣬ѾǱȽϼᶨˡ
ɱˣһһܣʵǡѰҵĿʯȥӦòֹЩɣ
ȻӵѰҿʯôˣӦҵ˺ܶǣֻзЩ
ҵ˺ܶʯ󲿷ֶϽʦѧˣС͸ѧϰ֪ʶ˽죬ѧȻҪ
˵ͷ
ѧѣԭˣˣ
ȻĿһɫĮÿ¡


1021 ɵ
ЩѾȷԷеʦûΪͽǽ䵱ѰҿʯĹߣ
ϡʯͨǵؿǲγɵģػˣ߾ۼ֮ʯȻࡣ
λöԷػ׸ӦŨ֮Ѱҿʯͻ°빦ַٿز˵ػҲͳ˲ܣ
Ҳ˵ԷһʼûΪʦ
Դǣϡʯ࣬ʦ׬ǮͳЩʯȣҲ˲֪ٱ
ΪʦߣȻ¡
ŭڡ
ûҲͰˣȻôܷŹ
ְ࣬˵ö֮
ԷȻʦȴŴеĻӣӵܵ飬ЩεʦҪɶ
˵һʮλѧͽõʦָ㣬ΪܹԽԽԶζû뵽ȫѰҿʯϣǰλһҲ޷ΪʦƵҪɱ
˵ֻһѧͽȲ洫ҲڿΡɲʦҲû̫ˣȥ˾ãȺˣúѧϰʦ󣬶һ޳ɣֱá
λˣӦǳܲסָ𣬲벻ġ
׶ζ벻ûԴʦᣬȻİࡣ
ҵ󣬽Ϊʦߡ
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ԷѾʧȥģ¶һֵĻ֮ǰŬ׷ѣ΢΢һЦǰ
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ǽǵļӸǰѡֿʯӽԶ¯
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ָᵯֽڻнӴںϣһЦ˹Ʊ򵥵ľǴ̥裬ʱ࣬ȴʾҾͲչʾ㿴ˡ
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æǰϿҵİݵڵء
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ˮƽҲֻƳ񣬸ӵģˡ
ƾһ֣öԷţѾ㹻
ˣȻȷҵݣҪҵķԸֻҪɹΪʦĳ˵αߣ
ԷԼŲɣ
αߣ˲⡣
ͷ֪˵λʦʲôط
ڡʦᣡ˵˵ͷ
ҹȥһᣬ˵ʲôʲôҪ廰ӷԸɣ

Ϊʦְ࣬ȻϣͲܹϢ飬ԭν¶ǰ֪ˣҪܵɱΡ
ʦҪά壬Ҫάڡʦһʺʦеϡ
ǣ
˵˵ͷ
ͶԷ˵һ˾һûʲôµģһǰλܴ漣Լ⣬оˡ
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Ҫ߳䣬ָϵ޽
˵˵ͷսָżǰ·
ʦﲻԶֵֻʱ䲻С
ȻѾˣΪԴ𱬵ְҵɵƻͨ


1022 鷳
ǹʵǿʦ֮һ˺ܶӣҲкܶ׷ߣֻһѧͽұˣûʸġ
Ҫֱȥ˳һµ
ԴǵػḻʦʦżߵĵλκͿԼģ֣ﵽϵ۷ʦ
ûʸ񣿷ģҴȥ
һ˶Էڵλã˹ȥ
Դǵʦȷ˳۱͹ߣһǡǵʦӴǰ˱ø
ŴһһĴ߽ȥλǼʦǰ棬ϳ˺ˣȫ¶Ц
Ϊ˭ⲻѧ20ȴѧͽôģٹһԣ
ٶҲûãֲûǷٴҲܸı䱾ʣ
Ц⣬Ȼ˵Ƕ֪
ҡ˵ĳЦ棬ɫף˵ʲôȴʼ˵ڡ
ˣѽѽϹʦͲ㣬Ҳã
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ͣͼƣĻ˹Ҫǵʦңӭӣ
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Ͳ꣬˴ĿȻʦӭӣſڵλʦһЦ
ʦʲôݣǻԴǵĳҪҲǰϰǰһ￴Ҳ20ģȻԲѣӭӣֱ֪ߵغ
뿪ȻŲŰӳȥһλʦҲüͷһ塣
˵ı飬ûдȥӣεҡҡͷȻֻԼȥˡ
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һͺٻˣƽʱһЩݱǵ͵Ҳû۸Ҳû֣һţˡ
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âƥŨĺԷΪȻֻʥһسڣеĳȴȻﵽ鼶Ʒ
֮ϣʥһǿߣԿ⡣
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㡭
ĻɫǺ죬żҵְִڣָ㣬ôᡭ֪


1023 
ķǶԷ״Ҳָ㣬ӲˣˣλʦһмöˣϧһҲԸܵۡ
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˵˵
һ˦䣬ߣֻǸѧͽѣڿѧ״ʲôʸҴڷָ㣿
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˵ָ꣬һ
أ
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ǰæͼԶ꣬Ƥһ̧ϵĲˮһá
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ˡ
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1024 Ժ
ץ񣬶ӻ᳤Ҳǳ鴤Ҫըˡ
ʦĵȻ󣬼ֵƣҲͨľϣͨ˴ܶûʲôԸԼɵ󡭡ֱǳ衣
Ȼͱǲˣ
ҧӻ᳤ߣ󷭶֮䣬ƥ㣬ƹ

գ۹򣬾ͽԼǿĹУʩչ˳
ʥ似ǧ˿ᣡ
˫˿ǧǧᣡ
似һǧǰһλսʥԹɱ¾Ϊǲ࣬һУͬ࣬޷԰Ρ
ڵʵóУ󷨣ʥǿ߶ӦԣҲ֪ԷʵͶ󷨵ֱóֶΣȡһ¡

γһһԲֻҪڣǿ߶ҪһƤûзֿ£ŵȣ˹
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شĻתͷ
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Ϊ۷ʦԷڵʲôԣ͵ػǷܹϣȻһ۾Ϳ˳
˵ΪʦǾԲܵġ
˵λ᳤ɣ
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ֹǿʦôܣǡ
Ļӻ᳤׹ɫһ±ɷףٴοԶ˪


1025 ʦۣ
Ϊ۷ʦٽ֮ǰΪٸ㲻ô£ֱԵɱˡ
в³ȴɲţӻ᳤ٴοԶ
λϲĳϣÿԼ̳²Ϊ᳤ô飿
ʵͰǰԷʦѧԺԺû֪αݣȻֳô󶯾
ô£
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ʦ˵ٻһأⱾ˿ԱɱѪԵϵĺ󱲣ܵǣϾκְҵ
ⲢʦöµĹأְҵʦ߾أµԡ
ʦۣͺĸƭһѾûе׼Ϊ
ҡ
ɫɷף岻ͣ
أȻֻ֪ǡЩʱˣԷ鲻
ô˵ˣ
ӻ᳤еʧԽԽŨ
ʵӶԷɵһɲǣѾ³ˣûȻᡣ
ڵģ˵⡣
Ҫʱˣʦÿܲ鲻Ľ鶼鲻ҲͲʦˣ
һķҲ˳ݵͳ
ϽķΧڣԼûвȴֻԺ֣˵Ҳһصʧְ
£ȫֱ֪λش
ȷֻҪԸ׷飬ûʦò鲻顣
Լ飬ʱˣʮλѧͽļˣȻڣֻҪϸϸѰÿ϶ҵ˿
һѧͽ޷ͨˣ츳̫ôˣһλûͨɵҲܿˡ
֮ǰѧͽĵλ̫ͣԺܴûע⵹Ҳˣڼе飬Ϳ϶βסˡ
ο
ͫһһֻƣָŵĴָӿ㽫ݻ٣ûжͿһâХ

ֱָжϣָҲ˵ϡ
µĲ׹Ӧڽָ֮У
ն˶Էľٶĵ
ǣ
ӻ᳤һץϵĴָ˹
ӿӡĨȥͷһᣬƬ̺һ鼮ͻأǰ
ᷭɫ̱࣬˶ƺҪըˣҧݸԶ档
ķ
ǰ濴һۣ̲סͷڸǡ
㻹кλ˵
ס鼮ӻ᳤ٴοͬ
ҡҲ̲סϥһڵء
˵֮ǰܹΣʱ䣬ⱾĴָбѳ˵ٶ࣬û壡
һʱϡ˶ĿʯֻҪҳ׬ø࣬Ժ㲻ʦҲԻĸá
Ϊܹøãͺô࣬޹ߡ㲻ʦ䴫ӵܣ
ҡҡͷӻ᳤ҧ
ʦȻʦȴҲдУǰλѧͽΪʵȴ˵£Υˡʦڵ塣
Ժҹܽ²ϣԼ飬˶Է˴Ըȥʦ᳤ݣѰʮλѧͽļˣþһΪ䲹
һ㣬Ϊӡסӻ᳤˹
Ϊ᳤һǰ飬ʮˣ޲صְѧͽȻˣȻмˣԸһг
Ȼ㣬ȴкܴΣ
˫ֱ
ȻڶԷΪĶͷ˾ûоµƷУ͸볤ݣķ㣬޼ɵôˣ޷
Էǹĳϣʦôܣӵסʮλѧͽ˻ɡ
֪ϧʲô޷ˡ
һۣӻ᳤ʧ䡣
˵ЩߣǰλóŬҲ޷ٸıˡ
ԷĹ壬۷ʦҲܸıЩ졣
Ҳ޷ı䡭
λ᳤̬ȣЩʲôҡҡͷƣⱾҿ
ǣ
˵ͷָУó˹ȥ
ӹַһ飬ͷ˼
Ƭ̺ȡֽʣɷ裬ʱ䲻дһ׷ݸԶ棺׷
ʱڸ׵ôˣٴοû֮ǰأ¶Ũҵĺ⡣
Ϊѧͽž޴ϣ20꣬ǵˮһգ
ӹ鼮һã
ȻܸмǰλԺһĿ꣬϶޿ܣѾ֪øʲôˡ
˵ΪʦȻҪ˵
һЦⱾ꣬ͿԿʦǣ
ǣǣ
һһš

Цŵͷ
æ鼮ıīûг׸͸ī㴫ʱֽ壬Ŀ
ܿ죬鼮һ飬彩ֱš
ûʦָ£ʮңأϵ츳ӹɣȻֻǼ򵥵Ŀһ鼮ϵݣȴѾ֪׹Ŀ£
ͶԷ˵һıϵ֢ᣬΪһﵽߵľ磡
ʼɣ
ЩЦЦ
ǣ
ûԥæϥڵϣؼϵݣʼ
תͷԶߣӻ᳤ܻҪ鷳һ£ѰöﵽĵҩֱǿǴ嵤ת
Է׹ʮˣ鼮תı䣬Ҫܹ˳Ҳûôס
ҪһЩҩĸ
ľ֮ǰػ෴Ӳתκ˶Ҳֻӵû·ؼ˳ݳ
ֵҩطҵڻԴǲԵһᣡ
ӻ᳤Ҵ뿪
ԴǣػḻְҵΪУټϸϡҩļ࣬طûеĵҩҲҵỨ̫ʱ䡣
ûã˻˵ֵҩ˹
ҩݸ棬̷ʱͻȻһ˵Ϣ˲䱩һ⽫Ըı䣬ͻΪﵽʥ


1026 Դ
񼣣񼣰
ӻ᳤һ
һ׹öҩӲתԣͻƣѾܳΪָˣȫԳ֮Ϊ񼣣
ҲͬΣ˼顣
ѵԺʵҲ𾪵˵
ΪʦǿȻ֪͸ƪؼжô
ķִǺޱˣʦֵѧϰƷʣ
ѹܳΪʦѧԺԺѧȻʢ֮ʿ
лʦ
ڸпһϣĹǰ
˿ѾȫŶԷĻھǰλ̧꣬ɱ϶ԥƬ̡
Ҳʦ˿˰֡
ҹָҴ˻ȥϣⱲֻһˣġ
ڵϣصؿ¼ͷ¶˼㲻ɶҡ֮ɫ
ûжԷѾһʬ壬ˣɻûڱ˵ĳЦ֮У
ԶλɻαװԼ޷ĿƭһһζΪʦˡ
λԺڵĹı𣬾㲻ΪѧԼҲһֱΪı䡣
ҲգȻΪ״Ȼ꣬ҲԵϵڿѧ
ԷĿᶨ̾Ϣһ
״ѧҪ츳Ʒ࿼ˣǰλദʱ伫̣ȻֱȡΪѧǿԵġ
ʦ£ڿѧѣһϼν
лʦȫٴοͷϡ
Χڵϵʦ¶Ľ֮ɫλϣͬӻ᳤Ҳһͬı顣
ǰλԺʵǿǸĪ⣬ܳΪѧֻǹԺȻҲǰ;
ȻʦΪǼʦʵڹⲻȥ
˵ı飬һЦ˹һһ޴¯ڵϣһ̳ʦѧԺԺԴƷʥҸպô㽫һȻΪҵѧֻ֣ҪܹɡмİԺΪʦ⣡
ʥ⡢⡭ֻһѧͽƲԵΡ
һ
ʦӻ᳤Ҳûιȥ
ʥʦʸӴģܹһΣȷϣǼɣм󳤽
۷ʦһ򣬽ͻƣδ֪
ɡһѧͽûƳɹȥѵ治ʦѧԺԺ֮Ūϣ
ˣ˵Ĳİɡ
˲⸱飬ԶĽԴҲɪɪоԼҪˣʵڵʵҲܺãͻȻˡ
ȻʵҲҪԳְ
һûļһﶯ֣ʲô
ǿҲ˳ۣҸͷŪ𡭡
ˣôϻ˵𾪺ͽԴĿ־壬һڡ
ʦˮƽȻﵽ۷壬һǵơҪǽ޽СҲνĴ̥
óľ
Ҫ֣ôʦǰ۲˵ԴҲпܻᱻҵĿȫǣ֮ǰģ
λ棬ֻѧͽ֮ǰʱͼרŲ鿴ˣʵյʮι̣ں޽ĻѡʦҪӦ֡
һɹиĸԺΪʦ߼Ҳֻʱ⡣
ܽԼ̥ΣΪ˵ı죬˸ֵܴѧڶͷ
˵һãֶΪ
ǡʦٲҷϻֻõ˵ͷӲͷƤ˹
һ飬ĽԴǲͣû֮ǰѹʥǿߵĿţִĴȣʱֱſڵϡ
һһı飬ҡҡͷҲֱͣӵʥƷҪһһָƣ˿趼ܳ
ǣһ
ö޽ȡδҪõ
û˿ͣЪԴĲ˵Ƚöʯڻ߶ػʮ󣬽ԴУںϣʮ߸ȡǧ취һٰʮĴͷÿһٷ֮ʮҪܼ򵥣Ҫôസ֮£Դһ飬һ²ܶ࣬һҲ١
ûдֱ˵˳ʵʦĶУһ¶˾֮ɫ
Ϊֻǵָ̫ѣףֻһУ
ҪԽԴ޽ػԶָƣҪʵϸ˽⡣
Ѿˣеļ㣬ȻҲǺ
ǣ
ԷĻ֪ʦѾ£㵽ˣ̲ס˿һץ޽ӽػ
ʦᣬֻҪǷ䣬ӵػ󷨣ոսʥ߶£ܶ𣬺ܿ콫޽ڻŽԴ˽ȥ
ַϸնԷĻУƫС

ĵ˵ͷ
Ͳ²һԷڴ̥棬ȷﵽ˵Ƿ켫ˮƽһЩ۷ʦҪǿ
Ҳѹ֣Щ޷ͻƣоѪˣӵ
ʱ󣬽Դһһĺ֮ǰֻƷʥڽǿϢѹȵˡ

ͣһָ߸֮С
Ʒʥ̫ˡ
۾һ
һۣ֪Ķˡ
ʱĽԴں޽ȻﵽƷʥ򼶱ʵȻʥ۷壡
Ҷ˵Ļȫһٲû˼ҩô鷳ˡ
ûûʵͦˣ̫ˡ
οԶĽԴʱ˷ܵ
ΪһѧͽԼҲˣû뵽ɹʵһ𣬸˵غ޲ýԶ汧һڡ
ʦ
˿̵棬Ҳû뵽Լɹ۾â˸Ǽ
ȻΣʦһָ㣬ξ˼ģԺ󿼺ǣʵˣǶڻ£
˵һλᣬ͵ڵ춨Ļǰ;
ѧԺԺ֮޳ɵøԼΣݶ飬һӶ޷ġ
ˣȻԺΪʦ⣡
һץԴջؽָ˰֣ʣµͽ㴦ɣˣ
˵꣬תȥһʧǰ
˷ȥκλرʦ
ת뿪û˿ɣ鲻Խĸп


1027 ղˣ
˵ͬ뿪ʦᣬһЦ
ֻһɱߣһ޹䣬û뵽ȴ˶ԽԴĳŵʵһ츳ʦѧ
˵Բˡ
δѾûκιϵˡ
ԼԽҴԷĿö˵ӭӵıȻǲʹĴۣ̿϶Ǳⲻˡ
Ȼɱּٵʦߣɱٶ˵Щʲô
²ؼ߸߹ֻ̬ҪûϵԷʲôνڣȻɱһʦͷӵصΡ
ˣҲ֪ʦûϿȥ
صסͻȻϻͻأһĶͷҴԷסĵط˹ȥ
òףͶԷ˹ϵɲٱԶ
զôסҪȥץ˼ҵ֣Ҳ֪û֡
ǾᣬŲӿ죬ʱ䲻ؾסԺͳǰ
ûǰͿһֱ˹
սʦλһֱȶĺսӣѫ
һһֱսʦʦѧԺ£һпվҪ䣬ޱȵͷ
ӭҸطһ£ͼԷĿ⾼ǻȡ
ԺɸҺұһһѹΪͬ
һ
ҡᡣ
ҪȥصǸɿԷӣ֮սĻ뿪
֮ǰļһﻹ˼ݣԼֻҪͬҲǿ󣬽첻ǳԴʲôҩҪȶΡ
ðɣѹΪҾͺȣǵ㵽Ϊֹ
Է̬ȼ֪ⲻˣٲƴǣ˰֣ĵ
ãͬ⣬ѫ˫۷Ź⣬ȫһ䶯Ϊʥ۷ѹ˴ʥ۷塣
¡
һХͳ˹

ʱصطֿ
Ůɫ΢΢죬Ҵһصס
Сһ˶ûµӽӴԷһ£ʱò֪Ǻá
һᣬ̲סȥȴûиü壬ǲˡ
ɵģûôɵġ
ֻǺߣ΢е̵ģ϶׷ǸûùϵԼͿԳƻΣһﵹáֱӲˡ
ӣ
ӳԷĵطסֻʮӵ·̣˽ӽһʱûԷӰۺ졣
ʦ
ûصסͼľʦվȺ
ţʲô£üһ
ģǸյõѶϢż֮Уܻ߻УԡʦܲܲҪȥˣ
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ҡң
ľʦһ
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ԴӼصһ;ΪˣһֱһӴԷȴκλᣬҪżܻܲŻδ֪ҲͲס˹
ʦ
ŮıӰ鲻Խĺ˳
ȻαװòλѫαװҲǰһŮزز˶˿ѹΪ֮ԡ
л˵
תͷ˵ɣ
⣿ѫ˲Զľʦֿ˿ڵλãΡ
Ը⿪ڣᣬҪ߽Ժӡ
á˵
֪ס뿪ھˣѫһҧ֪ΪΣҵһۼ㣬Ϊ֮ԡʦɷһ·ȥ
һֱֱȥеĸҲԸأֱӿڣû˿
Ϳͣ
ΪҪ˵ʲô⻰ذ˰̧֣߽Ժӡ
ʦһû˵ꡭ
û뵽Էɶ˵תߣѫżľҪȥһͱľʦڸǰ
սʦذɣ
ҡѫż
ˣʦŶѾ̬ȣѵ֪ģľʦü
ѫˮ
ȷѻ˵ˣԷûýţȻ˵̬ȣͲϲȥֻȡ衣
ˡ
㣬ʧ䣬ʧȥ˲ԶͿҴ˹
һʦߵĺܾͦһ᲻Ϊ
һ뷨ð˳ҲͲסһΣڶԷǰǾͳ֮ǰһĻ

Ȼ֪Էܹرף˿̿ΪѹƵĺԼһǲ˼
˵ʵͬսʵ̫۸ˣ
һȻҪ󣬲㡭˼
°ɣ
һѫǰȭͷֱǰ塣
֮ǰγ˵ˣǰλ似⼫䶷ɿ϶Уٶȣ
书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ƣ
óľٶȣֻҪӳޣټԶԷսʶʤ

ȭͷϼдž޴ѹҪգ۹ǰ
Ϊǰļһ￴Լ˿ٶȻᾪʧ룬ȴһε˸
սĹؼʱ̣ȥܻ߷Ȼʲô˼
֣ͼԷԼԸһ̰ĲӬ
žણ
һ˳ȥͨ졣
Էƾͺʲôħһ㣬ζģ
ɶ񣡡սʦһƳɣеƿ֪ȥͼԷεİ˰֣Ҫ˰ɣ۱ˡ
ûֳʤôˣԷ̬ͬʩᣬѫУٴγ
һ̣Է§ס˲ӣֲͣҳ顣
һ̣ѫڵϣıϣҿǵ޻
һ̣սʦڵϣͷվǰ棬ͣߡ

˰ɣҾӦˡ
ʮӺ󣬿ǰףѾûһõطķѫҲ²ȥˡ
ȻѾˣǶԷʵ̫ˣȫûгɾ͸С
Էҡҡͷţ߽صԺӡ
Ůû˯վڴ֮У֪ЩʲôľʦվԶĵطһ
ղҡ
һ£֪γڡ
ذɣҪϢذ֡
֪ô죬۾Ŀľʦ
ʦ壬ղŷѫףˣʦ鲻áһ£ľʦԴƵĵ
ףüͷһ塣
ǣľʦ˵ͷ
Եȣҳȥһ£
һţȥ
Եȣ
ľʦһ㶡
ţղźͷѫ䣬е飬ٹȥһ١
˳ȥʱ䲻ԺʹˣսʦλĲҺ
ղžͱĺܲˣûü뿪ʱﵲס
Υ涨ġ
գգ۾ľʦ߶ˡ
δ䣬ͼԶŮ۾Ҳ̲סꡱһЦ


1028 ż
ʱķѫĶˡ
ΪղŵıȶԷѾʩչǿʵˣ˿̲ף֮һսûӡ
Ҳ˵ֻôͽԼŰĺܲң˿̲֪ʲô̼óȫ붼룬ļֱˡ
˵
ʲô¶Ǹ𣿸ղŶӮˡܹһ٣ô
ԷԽԽģѫҲ̲סĽѹϵĽ򿪣ʵʥһأ͸ղһû˿仯ɱᡣ
ѪǡԷƺûʵˣ
һҧﵽʥأԷûͬͷ
սʦǧ򳤣һľţԽսɼ졭һսԽ󼶱ˣ˼Ҷû֡
޴ĴҪˡ
ˣʲôˡ
ٲô࣬ѫһҧѹƵʵȫͷ˳
ʥ۷ǿߣʱʵȫͷţ˵Ʒҡϣֱ
㸶ۡ
һȭͷԷ֣͸еǰһڣһѾϡ
ŵ˵еһźȱݣ˷ܵغû;ǰһڣ˵ϣͦ˵ϣ
ֱӴ˿һ䰮Զ
ȻҲ֮ǺǰλȣͲͬһˮƽϣʮǧ
ѹ״ӿȥսӣ㴫ڵѧԱͽսʦõ˴仨ˮ
ʵ̫̬ˣ
ѫιȥžؿǵ֮һɨգˬٴصԺȥ
ûǰͼľʦ˳
ʦ壬ʦѾϢˣȷʲô˵

ԷûԼֻͷסȥ
һҹ޻
ڶһ˾ͼʦõĻʹһҹĵƣѫϢָ˺ܶ࣬ȫ͵
սʦôˣʵڲͱȥˡ˵ĺ᳤⸱ģʵ̲ס˳
ļһﻹúõģôһҹ⸱ģˣ
޷ֻЩѾҩᵢġѫæ֡
ȥսһλʥ˴Ҳ˼˵
᳤ҡͷ
䲻ʦȴֲɵӣôǱġ
ԷȻ˵Ҳü׷ʣһܣȻҶѾ룬
żķӡҲùȥˡ
վʥޱϣĵؿȥǸȻı飬ƺûΪ£Լ˿ǰ
ʦżΣأǽУҲ໥Ӧ
ţص˵ͷ
̫ˣӦ֪Էδ˿
Ӻ󣬾޴ɽٴγǰ

·ķӡǰûʲôǸ죬ɰĴ֮УһŨӿͷų޴
ݣӡڽ죬ʱ䣬ȷֻĵȴͺã
᳤͵
ķӡ׼ȷӣͺܲˣҪ֪ʱ䣬ܡ
֪еѶȣżվԭصȺ򣬴Źһʱǰʰ״ķӡ˱仯˺ɫһ߲ʵͨǰ
ˣ
ֱ仯֪ӡǿ۾ȫһ
᳤ǰһᣬתͷ˽ͣǽӡ߲ʺţֻܳһӣǿȥɣ
˵꣬ǰȥ
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߲ͨȻֻγɣȴʮּ̣棬ڵûκû˿ʡ
˺棬̤߲ʵĺţһˣƣɽˮ·ȵӳһ罻ڣƻ֮С
ԭһĵط˼̵ĺţóżˣҲµġ
аԸп
ţܹߣҲ󷨣תˡ
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֮ǰ²һżλǰʵٶﵽ˰Ǽ
ѹԺ˼ɵ֪Իǰ¹ڣ
ۣ֮
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ͼʺľͷһ߲ʹĤبǰ·ҽ޴ƺʱӿճɻҽ
ĤĽṹ͵ؿеķӡЩơ
һᣬüͷ
ǰĹĤṹŹ֣Ȼ֮ǰڵؿУӡսķӡЩƣֻӼ򵥰ˡ
ˣĻҪӲ
ȻҲܽ嵲漸ֻܻ꣬СϺСһֻˡ
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˴ʱҲڿ˹Ĥľһɫס
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ڻʯ¶ȼߣУữ֭Һ˶ʥʵҲóȻ롣
֪Ϣޣֻܽȥ֪ʦҡͷ
ϢҲ֪Ĳࡣ
ǡ
ôˣȻˣȥ˵ɣ
ȫһɣ֪Ǻãʦ¶֮ɫǰһɣԣΣգҾͱȥˡ
ȺмߵʦʵҲǿΣգʿ䡣
˵겻˵ȫѨӿڣһݣֱǰĸĤ˹ȥ

Ĥû˿һʦУʧǰ
˾ͿĤ棬Ӱ֣ȻԼԼȴֵĶвΣա
ȥɣ
᳤
Ҳ͸Ĥһˮ棬һ̾ͳȵҽϿգʱʱϮͷƤЩ顣
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ǸԲʮ๫ľ޴ɽڣʱʱӿϣʱὫû
ѵżҽ棿
ü
ΪΧͨ˽żŷ֣ңܾȻʲôûС
ż棬ط±еĸΣա
Ȳ˵ȵ¶ȣ˵˾޴޷впʧҲ޷
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һʦҲüͷ̲סԱߵĺ᳤ȥ
Է󷨴ʦĳЩ󷨣˳롣
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᳤ͷȡ̣ŻɽתһȦüͷԽԽ
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1030 µң£
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󷨹᳤鼮࣬ʦģǧ֮ޣ˼һȻһ򱾡
۾Щ鼮ɨеӡԺγ󷨡
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1033 ż
ڵ׻ֻ꣬лصʵȻһЩʥǿߵҪǿϲ٣ܹ󷨣ǲ˺ܴһء
󷨣۷壬ʥǿԪɣ׻Ԫ֮ͬֻǣ̫ˣ
ǣһ
Ȼ᳤۷ʦط󷨣Ҳɡ·ңҪһ˲䣬γɣҼһ֮ڣ㡭Է϶ˡ
ңֻԼòƣһֲͿܴżλãڰ죬Ūû˶档
ѾβãҪǰ׼һ£
һܣˣһͽԴٴνң㷽λȥʱܺܳĵȴɣΣգ
ң׻꣬Ҫһʱ䣬ǰ˵ãȻ˵ģܹȥѰң鷳ˡ
˵ͷ
꣬ٶ˵һΣٴԴһХֱҽ˹ȥһ̾С
õطӿ֮Щ룬ҲûκΣա
ҽ¯ͬʮҵλãܿ˵ʶ׼׵׻壬һ

һһģһӰҲ¯档

طܹ꣬պҲĥһ£ʵ
˹ͨϣ֪ǰ۾һ

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˵꣬·˹ȥ
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Ȼʮףɴ۾
ͬһѳԼþŬŽʮȻܵĸ
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УҪӿˣȻȲ𣬾Ͷˡ
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˶ǵԼ챻ɶ£
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֮ǰڵؿߣں˵ûص׻깦ɱҲ˳ﵽ3400򶦡
˿̾ʮ׵Ļ壬ԽԽСȴ˼ӡ
3500򶦣
3600򶦣
3700򶦣

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겢ԽԽãҪᴿԽߣҲԽʵԽǿ
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֪Ҫ׷һԼϿУͣʮ׵ķΧ
һʱеٴҪ֮У룬ϥ
ٶȼӿ죬ʵҲԽԽǿ
Ҳ֮ǰʮ׷Χ»صʮҡ
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֪ʮ׶Ի˵Ǹ޴ķֽߣΪͻû۹Ļըɷĩ
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⼸ʥһصʵһɱ¾Ϣ˾֡
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1034 
һֱη壬ΪԲǧﷶΧȻ
ؼǣҪƳӡġ
ѹ֮ǰĽһֱûлζǰ˱ʡ¾Щһʱʼġ
ٽ֮ǰľʦʦ˵ϢĹû߷֡
֮ǰ֣ڿ϶Ҳǰйء
֪ƳӡֳĶδ֪ΣգԹ˳֣ʦõ˷Ȼй
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ҲܹΪͷŵȻǼʮӣȴûôˡ
Ƴӡ͹ͻ󴸴һʱȴҲÿζȫͬ
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ĻνĻΣգԣ˵õϢҪöࡣ
ӡĻŻɢӴ󣬰ʱƣȫϷγ籩ѻĽ֮УȻϷҽƿγһȻͨԺȫԽɷ籩
һᣬ׹һЦ
˰죬żҴλãΪУһ죬ȫͷ˳ȥҲ˵ǰ첻֣·ˣԼը϶Ҽ
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֮ǰȹ̵죬գ۹ͱһ޴󷨣ת

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ȻֻҪԣ󷨶ԲҪ󼫸ߣңһܲסе˻ܵ˺˸׵壬Ūûᵱ
ۣ󷨲ûļ˿̲ס˲ͷϵ亹
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1035 ľ

һæԴ濴ȥȻ·һˡ
Щһ󲿷ֶֻʥһأֻһλĸߴļһﵽأˣҲסԴȫֻһ£ͱڵϣ˺
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𿴵غ͵ֻһСȴСɺʹɵԲƢͨްγһԲǿȾԻڱü
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ľطѰڻԴ⻷ȴ̫ѣϣһ


1036 ҫ

Էеľ飬Ȼȴͬ̿𣬸һ֮У۾һ
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ҪľλоӡߵϢһ£ָһӡƿŻ潫ʲôΣգʵԽǿҲԽ󣡡

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һͷô仯˭϶ţС޴Ϊ˷ֹ鷳ǵ͵һЩΪá
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꣬һЦĺ˵ͷ߱ʾ˲Ҫպ˵սʦֻ°ͿҪ
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Ƭ̺üͷĿǰǷʲô飬һŹ֡
⡭ôܣ


1037 أ
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ģͷݵˣԴ۹ʦ᳤塢ľԯʦ񷡢ƽȻѧԺԺ
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ϴθյʦѧԺϹεʱ򣬼أȺУȴûһײͺƿ˿ռһ
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𾪣һĺ᳤תͷȥͼüͷ彩ֱ


1039 ޽ϣ
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1040 ޽£

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ɣտˣǲҪʵڲУಹЩҩȥѰԴܹҵпܽ
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ƳǾֻѰҸԴ취Դݻ١
ţԺˡ
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Ҳû취ֻˡ

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嵭ڶУЩѣΣҪ꾭Ҵһ¶пܳܲס
ħȻȴֻҪ䵤ҩʱⲻ󡭡
һָۣղѪļλսʦʦ˲䵤ҩɫָ˲١
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˿̵ǣͺǣߵľżһ֪˱ľ棬Ҫѣȴûκΰ취
ħʦ֮˾֣½ԶѧԺҪרſһԺϵ֪Σգȴ޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
һᣬûκα仯üٶȣ죬ٷٹˣûħΧԴͷûҵ
ֵδЩ̫˰ɣ
Ϊ٣÷Բ׵Ϊ֮񣬿ҪٴΧвˡħʦҲ֣ٹɣ
ҪһλǿߣֻҪڻʳǵ٣鶼ܵƻսʦҪ£
ѵ󷨿ռĹ죿ǰˣȴͬתȦһ㣬ͬһΧߣ
ͻȻһǰ˵еĹǽ
᲻о׼˷򣬶ʵȴͣԭضȦ
ҲǺܳġ
ܶԴɥʧֻҪУͻʧȥУ̶ʧȥЧߣʵȴǽȻ෴ƫࡣ
ȻʧȥҾͲø󷨣÷
ͣڿвǰüëһٴζһ졣
ħʵ۷壬ǳڣ޷ԿȴѾﵽ۷壬ȫԲóһֱ淽Ĵ󣬵ԷĹ
ԺʣܿһͼԺüëһЦ

ǰ죬̼ȥķλڵϡ
ˣ
һתվУͣЪһᣬٴ۾
ȻǴġ

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󷨿ռħ͵Ϯҷ˷ֱ治Ķڡ
治巽ټħеߣͻ᲻ͣߣڵȫľ֪
ԺǣӦô˵ǰµġѰ롿ⶫȻʥȴʤʥѰҷϣѳң˳˳ȥ
Щ̲סͷ
Ժ˳ȥ϶ͷֺˡ
ΪʦҪ͵Ķ࣬ȴ߳ĳֱ
ͨʦѧԺ鼮֪ѧԺӵһƷѰ룡
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Լʱרȥر⿴ˣδ֣ϴԺȥʱѾȡߡ
Ҳǽˣ߳Ƭط
Ȼ˶ãͲ֪ˣҲһʱ졢죬ŷе⣬϶ûǲô졣
ϾʦֻǾ֣δҵɣ޾ħԹ塣
ȷ˷ողҵλãֱǰȥʮ֪϶ֳˣٴȡ죬ֲһͬ󷨡
׼򣬼ǰС
һֱȦһ޴ʯǰ
֪ʲộ׶ߣ׶ԭز֪ãܷʴѾ΢΢ס
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ȥͼֺ滹дһС֡
޽磬޽УػܵħӰ죬涫ϱһֱԲȦת뿪ֻ־ᶨ֮ܲԻ󡣡
ڷ巽ʶħҵ˴һžѧʮɣһ컯ʮԺ˵ƽӹһԵ֣Ȱ棬ȥɣ
ݿ꣬գգ۾
ԴӽŻӦáʱɣڷ巽˴нδ̫Щѵôģ춼ʶ⣿
ֹתʯȥ¿ȥͼ֮ǰͬģǰ
ǰʧڣ࣬Եڽֹֻܹˡ
²ŷ֣
һ飬Ρ
û뵽ôġ


1041 ѧ
Ŀ⣬һֹܹ죬ӶƲħĹӦʱ䲻ٱڿ϶Ҳˡ
û뵽ԺǣȻ˰²ŷ֡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ܺʵйأԺ˶ܲסǵԻڣ޷ָǣȻֲЩ
һᣬƲ⡣
ԺԼʱ೤ϣֻʥһңʵǿǰߣҲʶˡ
˼𣬼пܺԼսʦһһ⣬оңȴ֪
£ԼιҩǴ鷳˵Ѱ֢ڣˡ
ȻԺּ˵ǻ߳
ô£پᡣ
һ·ôãôΣգ֪Ժ˵ȷһҲط߹С
ʯ˵ڵ⣬õһžѧڸպΧڣܹõʲô
ȥԺ飬ٴοʯ
֪ʲôƶɣأָᴥ棬ܿͷһ˿Ծ
ʯĲһƷİۣƺֻҪܼµĳӡǡ
ϸһ£ֲûлغΣգһ÷ȥ
żˣʵ̫죬ȻʯдɣҪδȼΪá
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밼һӴһâ˸֮ǰ޷԰εħǱر˿أͣ
˿
ֻҪֹͣ㲻ȥʦˣ߱ȻҲԼΣգٲ֮ǰʲôܿˡ
֨ѽѽ
ͣסʯٴλζһ£ǼĳĻػ󷨣šһ£һӰǰ
Ǹ뷢԰׵ߣ͸¶ϢȻֻһл꣬ȴһԾϵѹ
ǿɫһǾ衣
ԷȻֻһǣҴ˲֪;ƿݣҪֵĻɿⲻס
ǵȼʵϵѹ޷ԽҲ˵ǰλлˣǰٶҪﵽʥأϡ
Ȼ˼ɵ
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ƺеľ裬ӰЦЦô췢µ壬ҵ˵Ǽʶˣʸõҵľѧ֮󣡡
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涨ʱ䣬Էֻ˲ʱ֮ǿϡ
ֻǸл꣬ʱ䲢ԣʱȣϿʦɣ
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ʦü
ҴУŻȻѧӰͷ
ʦУ֣˾ѧʦԲ˳
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ˣһֶ֪ļһΪʦʮֿܵġ
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ŵʱʦˣһСΪͽھѧԷȻЩɡǲš
ǲԸ⣬ѾԼʦûõͬ⣬óȻݱˣΥʦ
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ˣʲôɾġ
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յӣھѧҲҪǿǿ󣬲ܸԸ
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Ȼ⿴ЩϣˣûݣľѧöԷ۷õġ
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ҵѧһ޽һأԲĻӿռ̵ʱﵽȥκεط
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ֻ츳߾֮֮ڣҵûĻҪҲѡ
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˵ͷ
ͺޣһʽֻµȵġ
ľѧʤС
ܻûм޽Էһ仰˵о˺嫹㲩ͬѰ
Ȼ뿴Ҿʶʶ
𾪣֪ԷĽѾ׻飬ӰһЦ

ûкζӰȴͻȻʧһѾǧ֮ĵط
ÿ졭ͫһ
Էٶȣ۸Ѿ˲ˡȻҲ֮ȣֱţһ㡣
Ȼ˵Էǵȼ̫͡
ģֻһ·ѼĻܽɣʥƷûﵽԷҲпԭ

𾪣ԷԶȥӰٴһΣǰգǧ֮⣬ͺԭδһ㣬ٶ֮죬
ԸѧϰӰһЦ
Ž񣬾Ŀʦ֣ܹܾ̾
Ȼֻǡ
ûлشĻһ£Щͣ١
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ֻǸомȱݣ俴ô
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û뵽ǰȻ˿Ӱһ˦ǲá
һղжʱȻٶȺܿ죬˿ûв´ĻӦǣ˿
ķŭ˹ܼ򵥣ȽƶԼȥĵطȻͬľżһ㣬˲ǰٶȼ죬ҲȱݣǾһ˷ְأնߣпܣԼƶԤĵطȥ˵жԵʱ򣬳ױ˵նɱ
ڶжʮ־޴ɣȻʱܹܹһȫĵطĻֱĴͬ⣬˵ޣսʱʩչǵ𵽿˵ʤЧΣգ
ôٶȣҪҲߣĿǰ״̬Ӱ죬ĻûʥƷϵļҪܵġӵʥʵָöǿжӦûеĻʲô壿
㡭
ԭ⣬ĻӰɫȻһ䡣


1042 ΪʦҾʹ㣡
Է˵ûκδǰãֻҪܣսʱóܹ𵽳䲻Ч
ɵȴʵʵѽġ
ܹ֮ΪӵѪǿ󣬾㲻ҪҲתڱˣͲһˡ˵ǿ󣬵û֮ƥǿȣǲɵġ
ǿĻӶΪ
£ֻᣬеܣԷֻһۣȷδ̫ЩֻǸʥ
Էı飬һЦ
Է㲻ͼݣҲҳöȱݡ
ոʱ򣬾ٹǿȲٶ̫죬ʱ
޽ٶȸ죬ִռ֮Уﲻ˵ʩչ²һƶͿδˣ˼ˡ
ؼǣȵﵽǿȣʵȻߣʱ㲻ʹٶҲ죬ѧϰѾûκˡ
ԶԷ˵컨׹ҲҪ֮ϵǿȺͻУǼٵģûκô
Ȼ߱׷ɹȻ绢ʵͬ޵У
ˣ϶Ҫѧֻǡʦ޿ܣ
ô˵Ŀȷ
Цϣ˹ȥ˫˸
˵Ĳԣֻ츳ˣͨңķӡ֮ݻ٣˵Ѿﵽǿľˣ޽磬ҳ˵ҲǿҲ㹻ۻ롭Ȼͨ˿飬ֻҪϣЩ㲻⡭
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Ҫôż㽫޽ҿһۣ˵ȱݸ벻ԣ⣬񡭡

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оȣȴûбֳһ³ٴεһЦ׹ȷŽûӦŴȱݰɣ
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׹ÿʦȷ˵һоŴȱݡֻǣʦδæָԼ취
⴦żʱʵҲδﵽ۷壬ûֱӽȱݵķ
û뵽Ҫеλֻһۣжϳδ̫˰ɣ
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⴦ѨλģѿĻ̶Ⱥ;ȣмҪƫͻȫ̱ʮֿ£
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ڵڶأ֮ʱߣħ
Ĵڵء
崦

úͶԷϻһŴȱݣȫϸ˵һ顣
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⡢⡭
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׹֣Ҫһ飬ҲҪʱԷֻһۣӶûУͿ˵ȱݣҺͿʦ˵һģһƿֲ
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Ӱҡͷ
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ΪܴӶԷ֪ϢڿҪһعȥ
ת뿪Ӱ̲סڣȻ֪θɷȷĹң
µʱ򣬻û׽Щȱݣˣ֪⣬Ҳû취
Ȼµʱ䲻ҪһȷҲˡ
ŵϦӡ
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ͣתͷ
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Էһ۾ͿеȱݣҲ˵ڹ֮Ļˣֻϣܹʧǰ֪޽
һЦ˫ֱ󣬴һƣͬo
ΪʦҾʹ㣡


1043 ֮

ӰһΣûסɢ
лΪȡѧԼľѧǡΪ˰ʦģ
µãѧûգԷȻԼʦǿҵƣҪըˡ
Ҳֲ˶Է
ռ棬˵ҴУŻȻѧĻȻԲ˳
öԷڣȻҲҪͬȻ˼ƾʲôڸԼ
ðɣˡ
ҡҡͷӰҪ󣬶̧ͷ˹ͨżѶȸϣߵĸԶ
˵꣬ӰԽԽ
֮ǰӦûάһʱ䣬ܵҲֲסˡ

ӰʧǰʯҲꡢ꣡Ĵ죬Ѻۣգ۹һء
㻹û˵ʲô
û뵽ôʧ鲻Խһ
ʵ˵ܹ޽ȱݣֻնԷóؼֶΣ֮ǰĹ𶼺ָܵͣ߼似޷ںϡ
ˣȻ֪ȱݣҪ˵ȷģġ
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ΣԷ׹ֵȫһݣⲻ⣬ҲǷĵһء
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ΪӲӲͺˣζû뵽Դͣһȼ


1044 ʥ
ʱصǰ
û뵽ᱻһȺֻʥصΧ
ڵϣʦɫҰףתͷһ۲Զˣ֮ǰŵУǱ
ղʦȥѰҽħʧãȺˡ
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սˣҲԼóնɱͷһʥص˴ˡ
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ˣҲȫ֪˼붯û취ˡ
ɣ
Ԫ飬ʯҶЦһֻ֣ٴ˹
ĶƮƮģûʲô֪һУ϶ɣŵɫһ䣬һת͵ѫ˹
ԷԼһǰ

ٶȼ죬գ۹ѫǰһץģ뼱ٺˣͷȻˣʯҶӡѾ䵽ͷ
ˣ
мһŨľɱ¾֮˲ǰ˹ȥ
ȻͬΪɱ¾Ϣ˵Ӱ첻󣬵ȻܵţҲӳƬ̡
Ȼܵǰ꣬ͷųǿɱ¾֮ʯҶһ𾪣ĵһ˿

һ˿Ŀ϶ȻץסѫӳӡķΧ


1048 ʦ
䣡
ᵹǰһ޴ӡǱһĳ
ҿӦ죬ú˹һ£˶
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ѫҧĲš
սʦǧ򳤣ͨʥʦɱǰλȴ񲻿ɺɽһδǿĳԤˡ
ѵ֮ǰʦսʵ
Ӧð
ԣһԪ飬ⶫʹͫѫǾ֡
ΪֹܹڿѾˣ
ԷȻûƿԪ飬ǿӣҲٷ֮ߡʮⶫ󷨣ʥǿ߹δܹ⣬οǡ
ʲôˣ
һʯҶҲǺȻ͵һתͷ䶢
ղŵɱ¾ֲ֮˿һСͻȻɢš
ߣ
֪ѫ˵ԽԽ鷳һͺȥ
ǰһʵҶҶǿ̫ˣƾǶ˾ֹ޷ɹ䱻ɱЩ뿪
ߣߵõ𣿡
һʯҶָſ͵һץ

Ԫ鳹䵽ģָһһ׵£γһڡ
Ӳˡ
ܱһȥпܵըɻҽ
ԷѾԪ飬ƿֻ֮Ҫ󷨷ΧȥͲѶԷ׷
ʦսʦһУʵѸٱһҹȥûߡ
һ£վѫվǰ˰֡
һʩչ꣬㻹л𣿡
üͷһ壬
ѸٱľУͨĸΪģһʹãܹնɱ֣ԼҲȻá
ûشʻѫһЦԺѧսʦ裬˵ʵһοͲϲ㣡ֻͷҸѵһٰˣֻϧһֱûɹ
ȻᣬҲ֪ţôŸã
ϣȴҲòϡ붼Щ
Ҳûʲôǿʢȸ˵Ҫԡһᣬ׵ûߣӶ飬Ӷ顭һҪţ
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û뵽һؼʱ̣ܹ˽˶ԹһΪ壬Щж˵ͷã
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ͬ⣬ѫ˿üëͻȻϵϢ͵ذ
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ʩչطҲӲ˼ˡ
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Է뷨ȷҲĿǰõİ취ǡ˵ֻȫû
£ԼܹߣɸӲ֮ķΧֻҪ棬һᱻնɱ
ңһﲻʦ˾ͻᱻҳͬӶˡ
ԣõķߣǡԿ
˶ǴʯҶ֪飬ɱ̲סһ㶡
ʯҶþòղ㲻˭ھ͸㣬ҡ
ѫΣ̧ͷԶߣЦЦ塰֨֨죬ǰƣâһĳαװ˱øߴۺɱ¾֮ӿһǿɽĸо
Ҷ
ԷòʯҶһ㶡
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˵һҲΪϤαװ˷
ˮҶȥִһֱûϢ׷ʲô
ʯҶɫһ
һˮҶһȥѰҵͼˮҶѣһȻû£ȴһֱûϢ˶ΪѾⶾˣû뵽ͻȻ֡
Ҳˣαװò֮УΪȡǵΣ⴫Ѷ

ࣿ
ʯҶüʶӣ˲佫λҶ֡
˵ʵԷʧٰˣȻ֣ʵš
̽һԷɱ¾Ϣû˿⣬Ҳ˵վǰģȷҶ
ţҵ֪һܣǣһϢȷп˸𡭡ԣ棬αװࡣ
֪Է̽飬Ҳüëѹ
𣿡
ջʶʯҶҡҡͷʲôЦʦǿҲֻǽǵڴ½棬ʲôϢǸ𣿡
ʦʦְҵһͳ壬ǿԸӣʱȻ޷⣬ȴҲֻ˳½ôһϢ帲
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ҸտʼҲţǡʵ
αװҶ񣬿϶ҲỳɣΪöԷȥ£õİ취תע˵һ𾪣ûɵ顣
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˵ʵɲǰλҶԷ˵Ϣ
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ͷ
ôܣǵõϢʦʷֻпʦһ˴ﵽܹ֮ɣ״ʮͶСϢģ
彩ֱʯҶš
ʦǣ̫ˣһﵽʦĸ߶ȣˣŪĻȫû
˵½ԪϢ˺ü꣬ǳ׻ָҪôһλû취ˡ
ķչ»ָӵʦҲøǿˡ
Ϣǧȷҡһֱλʦ󣬹⽫յͷ
յ⣿
һ£ʯҶͷڵϻԹȥķ񣺡ѵ˵λʦ

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⡭üͷʯҶǻɡ
ǰһȻӵԽսЩ³çʹ˵еʦ˿
ôţ
αװҶЦһ϶Ҳмʦķɣţȫ֤һ£
СʯҶüǱȽ鷳
鷳ʲôؼǣһȷʦֻҪ취ΪãȻǿǵĹѫ˲ĿʷҲֻʱ⣡
дŹƻζ
⵹ǡ
ʯҶ˵ͷһ£ҪʦҪҶֻֻ֣ҪͿȷλǲʦ


1049 ѪΪ
Ҷһ㶡
֮еǿû뵽Ҳˡ
һʯҶǲȫûˣһǿģ治֪Ӧ
Ҷܾܾ˵Ȼ֪ԷҲˣڱ󣬻ǰҲܸõԲߡ
ڸھ
һʯҶĳһͨѶƣֵһ£ѶϢ˳ȥЩٴο˹¶ɻ󣺡Ȼʦôܻұ㷢֣
ȻǰλЩġ
Ҳѹ֣Ҷʧ˴£ͻȻ֣֮ǰαװ࣬Լ֣Ҳܡ
˵ʦϡޱȣҪ֣ȻܵʦϸıϢй¶ô׷֣һƭ
˵ҲɣλʦǳʥŷʦܲǳһСһ߹
ɫ䣬һЦΪ˷ֹ˷ֲ֣Ҫ鷳һֱԼݡҲ˵ʦ֪ܲ˵ĳ֮֡Է֣ҲǻԵɺϣھԶ̽鶾Ϣʱ򣬸պ÷ϲϿɣɴȷ
˵õϿɵʱ򣬱㿴ˣ
ʯҶһš
ͷ
ǡһʲô󣿡ʯҶ档
ܼ򵥣ػήһϢΧƣֻҪʦͻеŨصѹ鲻Խĳݺ͵λʦûֵܶ󡭡
ЦЦ
ʦ˵Σʲôһھ
ʦܣʯҶ˵ͷ
Ȼûмֺƴĳִ˵ҲӦ鼮λҶ˵龰
λ㲻ʦҲȻż޴ϵ
ץһͷʦҵĻ޿
ĿһʯҶ˼
ʦҪӹɣϢһģ嶼𾪡
ƾˣȫóϻĿ࿴޷ѪɸʣԼΪʥ۷ǿߣܹģ
ҪԼһ˵ģõЩףҪǶԷġæͼʲôûˡ
ϾλʦҶƭץһٵֵġ
ʵڲУһɱˣ֪Ҳʧôˣ˭֪ûб壿ֻҪ죬ʬ𼣣Ӧû˻ɡ
ĿһĿԶҶȻͬΪʮߣʵûκθ飬෴кܴľϵ
ңһԹͷʣЩɮ٣ͰͲˡ
ˣ߱ɱϢû˿ͬͱˣҲûȥ׷˭ȫԸˣ
һҴģ֪һϢʱѾҵѡɱңǵ޷˳Ūûʵ䷴
˶Էеɱ⣬һЦ
ʮ֮ĹϵҶо֪ˣʦִͣԷȻҪ̡
Ҷ˵ﻰ㷢֣ҴȻģô֡
ЦһʯҶ׹۵ףսԪ飬ƺʱᶯ֡
ǲαװʵǿ϶˵ôϻ˵ݡ
ҡͷȰñ֣Ȼһˣ޷ȷݣͻڣҲˮһա
⡭
⻰ʯҶͣһ£ɿƣİɣҲ㶯֡
һ˵ĲԷǲʦ˵ģҪ֤һˡ޴ȷϣ˵ٺҲû˼ֵ
ҳ֣Ҳţģҡͷ
ģʯҶüëһ塣
ֻҪҷĲҳ֣ϱ͵ʱһ˵Ƕͬʱ֣ͬʱץġ

ŶʯҶЩ֡
ֹȻǶãһˣͶһָ
ҵʵʮ֮У㲻ʲôһ̰ͼͣ뷴Ҳˡ˵ʦĹͣʵ̫һҲܲ꣬໥Ӧܰȫ١ֶΪ
ͷ
⡭ʯҶ˼
Է˵ĲʦĹ͵ȷܴ󣬵ƾǰһʵҪ϶޷ġ
ܽԼ£һ𣬾ͻᰲȫ١
ȻؼǣƾʵȷϢ˽취ԸһҲ׾١
ҪôţûͣٶãʯҶף˹
ܼ򵥣оƣѪΪˣģ֤˭˺˭Ȼͻ㣡
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ѪΪˣʯҶɡ
Ȱ㾡쿼ǣһҶˣ֪ݣ£ɱģͬʱ֡

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λҶ֪ǰһʦпܻṦͶռǶ֡
ؼǡһҪǵԷ±ֻԼ
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ʮߵıԣ֪ĺҶ̰ײУпܸɳͬҲٸ顣
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ҶҲģԸʯҶˡ
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ҶַģԼëǮϵûС
ҽˣһҶ˼ܹһһ¶⡭
İɣʯҶ˵ͷ
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ѪΪˣģǰλȻٷ֮ΣȴҲ
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˵ͷһᣬȷݣҶ̽Ҫǲ˵ʲôҲˣҪɱˡϣʯҶܹ쵶ն飬̳֣˩һϵƣ빲
ţ
ʯҶ˵ͷ˵һٵĺһߴӰ˹
ʯҶ֪иҪôżҸʲô

һǿˣڵϡ


1050 Ҷ
˸ͷߣϵϢҲǿң벻ԶʯҶȣԲ硣
֮УһĮĸоƤӨ֮䣬һ֪Ϊ
үҶҶڶƺЩǲ񹦣ǿԪҲʮֿ£Ѵﵽ˰벽Ͼ
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ϾԪһ޴ķֽ㣬ڵ͵ϮնɱԪǿߣϾӶԶӶԶûսʤ
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ЩΡ
ʱŪ˺üλߣټϷӡʦػΪ˲ܽҲû̫⡣
ߣǼʦֻʦľʦԼԺսʦõķѫҲﵽǣʵְ벽ϣ˺ܴһء
˵ߵʵʮȡͬһϡ
֪˱ǰһЩʦˡ
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ҶЩ֣ǵ˵ͷãҿʲôݣĺ磬ʣ빦ͣ
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Ҷе̳ʮ֮ʾʹһˡ̳ĻαҶĴ
ֻһ֡
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֣пܻй¶ݣڶԷαװ֮ǰ䷢ʦݡ
ȻʦҪ޻ڷѫϵġ
ɣǾ֮ɫʯҶΪԼİΣ̲סҡҡͷ

ҶҲ˵̳Ʒ
˿ڷѫıתʦϢ͵˺ߵڡ
ϢܹʦױݣǲתĻ޴ӷ֡
д̣Ź˵ѫʦû˿¡
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˵ʯҶץסģ뿪͵ڽͺλҶΡ
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⻰ʯҶ׹ɫһ䡣
ǻڣǱȻģҪھ˵ȻԷ϶ãҪͶռ
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¶ЦЦı飺ʽ񣬻ûɣôˣ»鷳ɣ
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ͷ
⻰ʯҶûѪιȥ
ҶͲˣ˺ƭһ£˵Ǵҵġãֱ˵ûϵ
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Ҷ˼
æͣͼǰҶɫͳѪҪը˼ûϵ𣿡
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ͷһνĿ
һΣʯҶǰһڡ
ʲôʱ˵⻰
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룬ҲҪвСֱ˵ʧȥȻ
ܺãܺãҶ۳ô꣬Ѿܾûܵвˡ
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Ҷץʦ
һѡʯҶæͣùϵҪôţԶߣһ
ڵϵķѫԴƺվ
ôˣʲôʦ
ԺУѫһ̲סڡ


1051 ɱ
ֻǱһƻ裬Ϊսʦǿʱ䲻ͻָ
ûѣԺˡʦĸ֣ΪѾص˰ȫĵشΧΣգ̲סʳ
ѵá
ʯҶ˿ץסԷӿбһЩõϢĿǰľ棬ͼԶҶ͵ǰ˹ȥ
أ
һڷѫԴϣһﻹûӦ͵һ飬ٴλ˹ȥ

ʯҶڵ
㲻˵ǹϵܺõôоһûɶ
նɱƾǣ
ᱻεķѫҶ俴
ǣȷݣžûʲôˣ
ķŭ˰֣ţ϶ὫϢݳȥǹͣԣҺʯҶˡֻҪԹѪΪˣԣϢй¶ҲṦͣһ
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һԽ˵ԽûУҶɱԽԽŨȻҾ
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ղֻ˵ҶҪǵ֣ٿǷ֮£˼ʲôû˵㲻̼ͣ˭Ҳܲסɣ
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ҧٶ˵еԪ͵һתһִ׵̴
¡
Ҷײ˫˫ʧڿУۡĽҵ£̮һƬ
ѹָҺҽа壬ԭԪ飬󡭡ɱңΣ
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֮ǰҵȷĶ֣˭Ӯ˭仹һ
Է£׵綼նϣʯҶеԪٴμ

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â׼ϵһ©Է

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תͷ漴ͿҶűԼӵʮ⣬˷ܣͬʱʯҶ˵ĹȻž
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û뵽ԷԼҶôһʯҶץ
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ĿҪѪʯҶ֪ûãҶѾԼֻҧ֮ս
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ҶʵȻʤʯҶ߷޵УټԪ飬ƿֱ͵Ϯ˵Ҫʤûôס
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ʮ֮еǿߣÿһǿ󵽿¡
ڵսʥ۷ǿսԽնɱǿߣӶԶӶԶ
˵սˣսನⲻס
ʱƣսԽԽ͡
յʯҶǿĽɱԷӦÿⲻסǣ˫ѷ֣ԯ
ʯҶϾƿ󷨣м䣬ܹӵҲǿҶܵԽԽ࣬ԽԽأЩ֧
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֪ȥȻᱻԷնɱһ˻ҶڵȶӰȻ˺ĳ˳
ǡԪϣ
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ˮҶϼ
һﱻԼŪŭ֮£ʹطԪ϶Լйֻϧûгɹˣ
λҶԽԽأƺ֪ᱻɱҲǸطԪ塣
Ȼ󣬾㲻Ҳ˵ǺսĶԷ϶ᱻնɱ
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֪һʩչУ϶Ǳ˱ľģüë
ɽۻģһһǰҧһھˡ
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Ƿѫһ̫ǿһᣬȻ˹
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ֹһ۾ͼһשֱ˹ݺͷϡ
žણ
Ƥһѫٴλ˹ȥһԹ


1052 
ǰĳһ￴ȻԼΪܹαװˣΪʯҶҶɱ͵̫࣬˵Ļ鷳࣡
ԣĽǴΡ
ȲýͣٶҲ죬Чͯۡڰשǣ˳֡
ͷһۣͼѫڵϣȲͣĳ鴤ƺǰţսʦǧ򳤣Ӷ˴Σһαһμ򵥣һαһ衭
ټᣬ̧ͷеսĶˣüë̲סһ
ֻҶԪϣʵԭռϷʯҶ˿̱Ŀȫǣ޵еҲ˺ü˿ڣֱ۱նϣԪ˵ϣѪݷס
Ѿ֣߲ƾĴ󣬸Ƕ֣γԪ񣬽ŦԪն䣬û׺ļӳֻ֣ܱˡ
һ
ˣ֪Ҳ޷⣬һŭʯҶҲطԪ˳
ʵԶҶԪ壬ֻҪʱҵʵֻܻ·һˡ
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ԪսԽԽңҲԽԽǿܵĿռ䶼ҿһۣεҡͷ
϶ӲˣǧϷ䳲Ļ䳲޷䣬ͬᱻҳʱ׽鷳
ʯҶӮˣͼˣҵƣҶֱ֣ӶǣҶҪӮˣͽ鷳ˡ
ü
ֲεս֣ҲΪҪȥ϶ᱻնɱ֪ôġ
ʯҶʤã֮ǰƣܹҶҪӮˣңŪὫԼɱˡ
ٴ̧ͷȥͼԪʯҶӱڽڰˣӣʧֻʱ⡣
ʧˡ
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ô죿
ϷȻֲס֪ǺãͻȻһһӰ
ҶԪϣڲԶͬ׻壬һ
ˣϲԪ𣿺ٺ٣ô졭
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ò˵һĲ񹦵ȷ£徧Ө񣬼쳣ȻʯҶЩ࣬ȴҲʮֿ¡
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̣
ҺͶԷһӴ̷޴ĸʴ꽣޷նˮڻ

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Ҷǿ󣬵Ͱұȣǲ˺ܶࡣ
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նԷеҶӦһĻûѪ
Ϊ벽ϾǿߣȻطǿгϣ˼󣬿ɡֻҪ𣬾ͷʵܹģµáˡ
Ѷ˶ˡȥҲزȥˣ
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ĿҪ裬Ҷ֪ǰλҪǸҶ鷳ٴκХȥ
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뿪ԪԻ
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ʯҶܹ֮ģΪǿ޵УԪ΢һЩҶӲƴձնɱ
ʱľ棬ƴԪҲˣԷԪնϸ첲̫أʹطϵĻͬᱻɱ
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նɱʯҶҶղűճɻҽĿҪըһ˹
ɱңҾɱˡλʦֻҪţƾڵ¶ָʵѡ
æѫץԼǰ
ֻϣԷܹͶ
ҧĿ죬Ҷ޲ýǰλƤԷ˵ĲλʦҪˡװ˷һôûõ
һ㣿
òƽϢŭҶ俴ǿһˡ
ҪһôʯҶս䵽ҵ³ڿʼһ˵ÿһ仰ţŶţ
ŲҲҪһһˣʲôòʵסѫĲӣ
ʲôòûˣҲͬ˶ã汳
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ﵽʥسϾԪԶ뿪ܻɡطԪܵ˺ҵȥò˶ãͻ
̥һʮ»̥䣬ģûʱ䣬ǿʸ۴˻Ӥм˺
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벽ϾԪѨѾ򿪣޷壬Ԫ񻹲ǿ
ǿ٣ҵԪͬᱻĥֱ׻Щơ
ֻ׻ڵʱ䣬̰ˡ
ż˭˵û˾ͲܻǲʯҶԽڰ
Ц
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ҶĮʯҶĹҲͬǿнܹӲдҲܵĥ಻ԡ
⡭
գգ۾°ͣЩΪˡ
ȻԪ˽ⲻ࣬õ׻ĴУ֪Է˵û
ʯҶڣȷܹʱΪʲͬͬʵҲȻ𣬻Ҳһּ尾
ˣ
ͣٵʱ䲻ͻȻһĶͷʲôˣרƵĿܣ϶壬硭ȽȽʦڣõ˽ԪǿҪҪʲôˣ
ܣҶü
˵ͷһһͷߴ˿ܳǰ
ǴӵعһṹȻӵʥصʵ
ͨ˵ƶɣȷûԣܹϡ
һۣҶһ¡
ǰܣ˵ӲɣûκԣȻʵͣʯҶϡ
ӳǿս
˵ʵûãҪɱʯҶңʵ붯Ҳ˰
ҡͷܣһѪƣԺԼɷģھ͸ˡŴպϴպϣڣͺðˡ
˵ţڿģЩᣬڰϵĳ


1053 նɱҶ
ߣ
Ҷߣм˼
٣ҪɱλҶλʦɣһһһжûϣˡ
ֻҪڣڣͶԷ˵һֽ޾ԪǿΪߣߣʲô¡
ȴӦֻҪܹҪܳһʱ䣬ȫԳɱˡ
һıԺʡ
ڣҪܳһʱ䣬ֻҪһ©ȫԵɱ
ʱȲ˺ʦܱѩޡ
˿̣ԷԷȥԿıȻԼ
Ͼڵ״̬Ԫʵǿ󲻼٣Ҳֲ˶á
ȿ
˼ϣҶһվڵϵĿܾ˹ȥʶգ۹ϸһ顣
ܣɶ칤򵥵ĲϷӳȷǸĶȻʵСһЩԪĻܷͬӳǿս
ܱ֮ǰԶԶ磬Ҳ㹻ԸһҶˡ
˽ֽһ飬δκ˿

Ԫһֱ˽ȥ
Ƭ̺󣬿۾˶֫ٴοԶҶˣڿԷſλʦ˰ɣ
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һЦֽѫڵϡ
ղŰש̫һﵽڶûѹ
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Ʋ⣬Է϶ҪЮñ֤Լİȫ˿̾Ȼˡѵ治Լֽɱˣ
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۾һ͵һץλڵϻԵʦͬһʱ̣һΣͶǰҶ˹ȥ
ȻһѰ·ҶôܷŹᣡ
еĳǿߣԷϷŪĿҪը
Ļᣬƫƫ֪ϧ
Ҷδܻ߷ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһƾ𣬴˸ָ°ɣ
꣡
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㡭˶
ͫһҶѡ
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˵
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ⶫʯҶץģƱնϺ󣬾͵ڵϣڲԶɢƵĹâ
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üġ
ûҲˣѾ־벻ԶıߣʵڶԲԼ

һᣬͻȻ۾һһץʯҶǰٴλԪ˹ȥ
ž
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Ƭ̺ǰ͵һ
꣡
вźȱݡһ̾͵˳ȥȫֱͷð̣ϵ·Ҳը֧飬ģ
⡭̫ˡ
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ҿ׻꾭׵øǿִﵽʥ𣬲Ȼһ£㲻Ҳ϶Ҫϼ죬޷
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ַ
Ԫ飬ۼ֮Ե󷨻ʯ֮󡭡
鼮ϵݣˮһԺƬ̹򣬾֪ⶫȱݡ
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ô£Ц
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ȥ⣬ٴοԶԲ۾ųâ
ڲãԺʵˣҲü˼ɱ󡭡ǿĺö


1054 γɳ
ҪⶫҪ
ͼݵĽܣѾԪ飬֪ǳϸ˽ȱ㡣
ǿдǿ϶ܵģҪһͺ֮ǰʯҶľٶһ
˫־𣬻ӿ˹ȥԪ档
ˣ
ƺеϮԲһתͷųտɫĹâž磬
æʯҶʬӳȥסԼͷϵģڲԶķѫûôˣ׵ͽҶµķӡƣ屻ıͦƺȸղŶøˡ
ҿӡ赲˴󲿷ֵȻһ£ͻᱻ
ҪСһЩǳһ£æסһ𣬻ʶȥ
С£ûԪķԼ20ӣһΣ¶ϲɫ
ǰһԶԪͻ˹Ľ֣Ȼ
ȻǺöԲģϸһ£۾鲻Խˡ
֮ǰƲһԪȷƿ󷨣ʵ𣬻ܹġ
һ˫ü͵ĽԪת
գһͺ

׵磬ֱеԲǰٽ㺣˴
ţ
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ǰһĻʵ̫ˣһ׵ûļһƾâҪ˺һ㡣
ˣΣλǡʦ
ϸ˼ۣϵó
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æתͷȥͼʯҶʬڲԶѾϾ˺
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һᣬⲻˣٴοԶ׵ӰĸжԼѵԷؼʱ̻Ǳ˼Ҿˡ
һ֮ǰ;޵ݣ޲и϶ȥ
ѹزϲκ˿Ҳѡǰλɣ

ʱ䲻е׵綼˽˿Ԫ봢ָ
չһЩֱ壬תһѹͿѫ˹
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˻ָҸὫط˳ԼǧϷ䳲

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֮ǰ֮꣬ЧѣԪ飬ֲżǰպĥһ£ûĽ
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ʱ׻״ССףʵҲﵽ˴ʥڡ
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ȻǵͱСˣȴӾһһ׵֮һǿĸо
ڵʵƾ׻꣬¾ʤʥ۷ǿߡ
ꡢ塢ﵽʥ۷ˡ
һᣬ֪ûкĹ»⣬׻ص΢΢һЦ
żһʱ䣬ͽȫӲʥ۷壬һ˵׬ˡ
棬Ҫ㣬ܻ֪ҪѶ೤ʱ䡣
Ԫ飬мôҲһ°ɣ
ǿԪӸ˷뿪䳲ص˸ǰ
ʱ˵ʵȫ׻ָһϢ
߰ɣ
кһˢˢǰȥ
֮ʧǰһƽһᣬʦͣ
ʦɷʶⶫ
˵ŵݹһ
Ǳʲôնϣֻʣ°أڲԶ
սĺۼʱľˣɳ˲٣ȴɱ档
ʶ
һۣҡҡͷ
ͱ꽣ƣﵽ˰ʥ𣬲ģϢδ˵ʶˡ
ıҺ֣ù

ΪѧԺԺͺԶѧԺԺΣ֪ıʲô
Ժģһ㶡
ĶȻҲ
Ȼĳ϶ﾭǰɣ
ȫ۾һ
ԴӽżôΣգڷǰ߹ĺۼȫǼ
һ˼ӿٶȣʱ䲻ͣ
ǰһɾ޴ķ籩֣ޱȣûǰ͸һļ֮С
ʲô
֪
Ȼʶʲôܵɢ˾֡
Ǻγɳ
һᣬɫѿĿڡ
γɳɻ
ţһּΪɳ籩мǿĸʴ˻ֻҪУᱻ׸ʴɻҽ
һ£ţǿ
˵꣬ȡһƷŷɳ˽ȥ
̣
սУ̷֨ѽ֮ߵ㣬类ˮ˶յա
һץȡ˻ָһ
꣡
ޱȵľƷʱڻıһһء
⡭
ɫͬʱһ䡣
Ʒһȵ۹ΧǼ٣ûܵˣͱѣγɳδֲ̫˰ɣ
طܲƹȥ
һսʦ̲סڡ
²ܡ
᳤һᣬЦҡͷ


1055 صĽ
ܣ
˿
ţγɳǰ·ȫ֣Ӧú֮ǰһڿ飬ͨĻû취ĵطԶֻΧǻ
᳤
ţĻ˵ͷ
ȷˡ
ܱյĿ飬ֻͨһأһص󷨲Żἤ޷ֻͨͣԭء
Ҫˣɣɻȥǲܵġ
żģпʥֳǿߣôܸ©ꣿ
©ǵʵҲȥŪû׹Ŀ飬Լơ
ݺۼ˿϶ǽˣǡôȥ
ԭתһȦʦüͷɸ
Ժ彣ҲһЩսĺۼˡ
ֻǣǰɳƷ˲丯ʴ߸ȥԣҲ޷룬˵߳Χˡ
˵żüͷϸ˹ȥ
ǰĺγɳ֮ǰ֮һͬһ󣬷Χ̫󣬾֪ȱݣʵҲ޷ƽ⡣
оһᣬͬεҡͷ
ǵĽһֻӲȥû취
һ·ˣǱڳγɳû˰Ӱ᲻ᡭҲµĲѰҵķǴģ
һĪչʱͻȻ
׷ķ򣿡˲⡣
׷ԺµĺۼߵģǡһǰͨЩۼδġǲǿѰ˵ĺۼǰУпܸӰȫ
ؽԼķ˵˳
⡭ȫס
ʦ˵ĺܶԣ
۾һ
ǽżһֱѰԺµĺۼȻûһЩۼ˲µ壬ˡ
һʮߣѾ߸շһˣҶڶȻû棬ȴ֪¡õͼ϶Ҳ
ʱȴһټû֣˵Ǽٵģ
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֮ǰԺµĺۼΪĿ꣬ûôע⣬ܶطû⣬˿ϸ۲죬ܿ˲Ծ
ȷ˾Ҿڼʱ֮ǰ
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γɳȻԾƷżһЩͶ˵ʥ˺Ʒʥּķûκôˡ
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ʵƷʥһЩⱦҲǿԵģγɳиʴãʷǴﵽһ𣬷򣬲ܳܵסҪ͵ıͲһˣֺȫԽɢĻ䵲桭
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ʥŷˣʶ㣬֪ź󷨵ӦԴʩ
͵ıⶫӦñƷʥѰҰɣ
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ͨȻγɣƣܹƻʦмߵĵλͬʦϡС
ǰı̫ˣԴŵ۹ʦãҲһ
ѧԺҲҲһ
ȫҡͷ
ıֵܵγɳҲҲ˵˵ڰ˵
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ʦҡͷ
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˵ĸпû˵꣬ͼԶ˵ʲôʥҲУ
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᳤˵ͷ˵ȥͼԶԺһһŴģоⶫУ
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Ժǲǽ˼ҺԶҸˣ
Ŀɿڴ


1056 
ֻҪںԶǴһʱ䶼֪ʥԻҵҪԣ˵֮˵һ۶ѡ
óһţҲѹ˺˼ˡ
ȻǣԼֵġû뵽˵˼ά˷ɢҡЦá
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ģ˿Ͳʦú͵طĶԹˡ
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ܹǣעУܹͬ䷢ӳһ
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ɫɳ죬µʦУůĹâ̽ǰߵ棬˵һķȻǰЧ
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ⶫҲͨ
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ǺҶ
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1057 ɱ
еڶĺҶͫһ
ʶҶʯҶǿ󣬶λߵǿߣһֱмɵֻû뵽ϣ
ʲôˣװŪҹ
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κ󷨣һֱҪĻҪҲ޷

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һĻʦüͷ̧ͷܣ𣺡ղλ㲻Ǻǿ𣿿ɸҺҹһս
һֱڵаı״̬öԷܲնɱᰲȫࡣ
󣿺Ǻǣ߳˵ɡ
ԷϵٴһЦ

һϮβǽâǵ
ֱ۷顣
սʦγɵĽǿͬЩ档
âΣͣһƵƶߣꡣ
ǡħ
ɫˡ
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ͻȻһλսʦһ˻͵ǰ˳ȥеĳĴ˷񲡣

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ٴâ˹վǰĺûӦͱ˲̴ʬˤ˵ϡ
꣡꣡
佣ȱһˣ©Ҳʱλսʦˣ̴ȣѪ˳
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1058 Ҷϣ
߸հãħٴεȻ鲻ԽУ˼άԼơ
ˣһ֡
ɫһ䡣
ħһҲΪֻ࣬еһ࣬ȴµ֮һֻҪУǿ߶ԣ޷԰Ρ
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һжѣһն֮ѧԺһλϲΪ⣬һЦĶһ޸͵˹ȥ

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᳤
ûֵ󷨣֮ǰ޽磬γɳȻΣգֻҪҶԷ뿪ǰÿһԺ䶼й󷨣ûĿӲĻ͵ڲͣ׹壬ԶûӳĿܡ
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ΪԴʦõʦԷΧڵ֪ĺʮߣÿһ֮
֪֮ٺ٣
ʦĻ䣬֮ǰǸٴ


1059 Ҷ£
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Ц漴еһͺʲô߶סһ㣬ȫֱ
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ͷ亹ֱð֪ԷǶԪѹȣȻֻǼ򵥵һ˿ȴҲκηͷ
ɱģѵҪǱ𣿡
תŸоһЩҧܿȥ
Է֪ʲôط֮Ҳټ
𣿱һʥŪ˵ǲߣ๼ҶЦ
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һʮˣ˿Ѿ˰˸ʣµֻжʮˣɱʮûʣ¶ˡ
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Լɱ̵Ȼûˣȴ֪λҶ졢а񣬱Ҷˣǿ˲֪ٱ
ǸˣӦ֪ôѡ񣬲ɱûмҵĻᣬͬᱻȫɱɱ˵ĻٻܼңΪǱ𡭡
Ҷŵ
ɣ
ȫɫס
һعصĴͶԷ˵һᱻɱҶĻᶼûУֻеõſԳȥƴ
ġҪôˣʲô𣿻ʲôʸʦ
ʦҧ
ԷǳԶǡ
·ֻѡһ֡
Ŷˣ㲻ɱҲУȺУ˭ֻ֣Ҫʮҵͬó
ҶЦЦϿɣһʱǡٺ٣ϣǵһκܹǳ졭
̶ʧһٲ̽
Ӧˡ
ʶӣʦתͷ
ô죿
񷿪ڡ
ȫ鲻ԽĿԶ
һֱȥ϶УѵͶԷ˵һɱ
϶ǺҶĹƣĿľɱǧҪϵһܡ
ǰһмƣɱҲΪħԷáľʦҲ˵ͷ
˵ʵܹ߳ȥĻȷֻҪɱҶΪ糤Ǳ𣬾ˣҲʲôĻ
ϧǱɱˣֵ̫ˡȻҲ
ҵһǿʦʦֻҪǻڣлɱҶӳѫҲͷ
˷׷ǰʾͬ⡣
ǵ˼ܼ򵥣ʮֻҪܱʵܱȫá
ǵ뷨֪ǡܱ֤Ҷ˵㻰һܸҾ֪һܹӳȥ
⸱̬ȣҡҡͷ
ǵ뷨˽ϧԼɡûã
Ȳ˵˽թޱȣĽǣų󷨣ʦʦµԭ򣬲ΪԼˡ
Ȼˣʲô
ô죿
Ҳֻ֪ۿôֱԷŪڹ֮䣬ʵ̲סˣð뷨
˿ķһϣǰλܹ漣
Ҳ֪Ц
û취֪󣬵ת֪Ҷںδٶ취ûκô
Ҳ֪
û취йƤ
ʦһ·ʲô¶ûסû취Ǿ治֪ôˡ
̲סˣҶ˵ʮ˾󣬻ŵˣһҪұ𡭡
ãһ˻һλսʦҲ̲סеĳҪɱ
ס֣
û뵽˵ôˣȻҪɱüëһָ͵һ

һ˹ȥɣʦǰһָΪӡ
ʱ򣬲ɱܽģҪõİ취
ң
סΪλʦûֹͣɷ
ɱҶ֡
սһ˻һʦ˳Աߵһλսʦ˹ȥ
ߣ
ɫһѫһΣλʦǰһ˹ȥ
أ
Ѫʦ˳ȥˤڵϣˡ
ѫʲô
æ˵ʦƽתͷŭĿӡ
ѧԺһλϡ
ʲô͵ϮҵˣûɱͲˣ
ѫŭĿӡ
սʦһֱվԭδʦ͵ϮҪԼ֣Ȼɱʱ򣬾ȻΪʲôʲôЦ
ҿҽڶְɣȻˣȽɱˡƽߵ
ΣѧԺЩһֱ׸Ϳǲ˳ˡѫЦ
ˣ
û뵽Σ֮У˷ǵûŽᣬʦĿҪը
ҶʦսʦżȻ˱ľģȴҲںĹɱҪˣĿԿʦڣ
ߣ
ĺǳ⣬ѫƽһۣһ˦ֱۣǿнŭѹ
ˣҶǸϿ룬ôȥ˵ɣ
˲᳤ڡ
ôȥȲ˵㣬壬ȥˣ˺Ҷ˭Ƕ֣
ѫ˰֣ۼʯҶʵʦþȫҲƽ֡Ҷǿټ󷨣ο϶û취뿪ˣ
ǰҲû취뿪ˡǣɱʮõԷսʦһλǧ򳤣ԭ
Ҫ֣Ǿ˺Ҷ֮ơʦü
мƣҲôãҷã֮У϶ڼ飬ȻΪλǵָƣΪʲôᴦǰ棿ôɺϰɣ
ԭ
ڼ飿ôܣǶʦôܱСʦҡͷ
ҲʦҲ壿ԭ
⡭
ʦ۹һ֪λشü˹ʦǲǷʲô˵޷
ǷһЩԾһԭתͷԶأĿ磺ʦмҪ㡭
ü뽲
żʦ᳤û󷨿ռ䣬ȴһۿ޽磬ǱΨû̫ܵ˺һ뿪˾͹γɳ˭֪ķֵܹȴһ߹ĺۼͽ˶Է壡
ԭһЦЩôͣ
һ˵ǡ
֮ǰһûע⣬սʦһ˵λʦȻЩԾ
տʼû˵ҪżͻȻ룬Ҿ;⣬ڿȻè塭
ôشɡ

꽭ԭķɫһ䣬ˢˢ˼ΧʱճһԲȦ
Ǽϸ
û뵽ԷὫìͷָԼüһ¡
αװߣһǽ壬ȴûзһӵʵģҲֻǸ˵УײβǿߣҲµĲ
ԭ䶢˫磬Ҷ


1060 ԭ
ҶҶӦеİɣ
԰ʮ˵еģδ˵Ůˡ
ɡ
ʮߣһˣҶôŮˣ
˭˵ҶŮˣ
ԭЦҶһأֻ˵֣ܶ˶ûƾʲôŮˣ˵ˣ˵Ѿﵽ˳ϾʵԪһ壬֮УҲ׾ٰɣ
⡭
ȭͷһٴοأһ¶衣
ϾԪԳأʵǷͬԶ˽жᣡȫû׻Ķ˥Ԫ岻ϣʵ޷Ӽްˣ
˵ҪҶᣬûܹ֣ʦҲС
ϸصľٶԴżû˵̫໰ÿһ䣬Ҫ𵽹ؼáһʮҵŮ֪ʶٹ㲩ܹ㲩ʦľʦ
ѲɣѾˣһ·ϣ˽壿
㡭ǽһ°ɣ
Ҫ˵Щʲôʦͣһ£Ҳüͷ俴ǰŮ
ò˵Էķûκδǰλȷֵûɡ
ȻأľʦĹϵܺãҲܹɾʲôʵʲôΪԼҲ֮ǰҲ֡
˵ɣҲͣҡҡͷһܣǶôΪ
⡭㡢㲻αװİɣ
ɫһףѫˡ
Ȼϲһͷˣһпеġ붼úëէҪŻ¡
ӣʧ֮ɫԽԽŨһڿ˵ϲԼʱȴǻɡ
ҡҡͷ뿪ڣͿһӰǰ
ˣ
˰֣һŮһۣˣҲûκᣡ
ţؿ˹
ţһЦ۾¶˼ᶨİɣ۱ô˵Ҷվߣ
ŮӴ࣬һ·ϰȻκ鶼ģҶôʵ˿϶ͱɱˣûҪαװô󹤷
Է峺޲ŨŨΣһů˵Ĳ뿪˳֣Ѱ˵ټȻ׹塭ЩҶû취Ϊλš
Ҫ𣿡
ŶԷ˫һЦʲôҶšİɣ㲻Ҫ
˵꣬תˣλʦҿҶˣ
ʦҪ˼սʦ˵Ҳ޵ʦæڡ
ǰʦλʦȷЩ֡
Ҳȫ˹һɻ
ǲţʦôƫƫŮǰ˹أ
ҵʦģߵҲ죬ʦҪ޻˵ǡҶҪȫûҪǣǰѰ˵Ŀģͻ᳹ʧܣʦõп𣡡
վԭüͷ
ξòң
һһ˦䡣
㡭
û뵽һһӶԭȭͷһ
ѽѽʦûκ⣬ģӦɣԭսʦ
˹
⣬ʲô⣿ԭҡͷ
һ·ʲôû˵Ҳûκδʾʲô⣿
ĻΧˣҲɻ
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ûش⣬һܣ
ţ˵˵ͷ
Դӽ칬ǾΣգÿһζͬ鱻նɱ޷æջʬ塣
֮ǰÿһԺ䣬Σաûз֣ѾԺôˣûκ󷨣˺Ҷ˵˼뿪һⶼûˡ
ˣѵͲ֣
⡭˳Ĭ
ͶԷ˵һ֮ǰԺ䣬ǳΣգвͻУԺӣǵΪֹѾ˳20ӣȴû˿仯ȷ˲⡣
ӦǺҶûп󷨰ɣĿɱһλսʦ
ȷɱû󷨣
᳤һ㶣˼ǡڣɴĳ֮У
ΪʦĻ᳤۷ʦĻ϶֪
ͷɫأʵԺӣû󷨣ҲûʵǣУǻŹ
⡭˶һۣһԻ
Ǿûк᳤Ϊʦսʦ۲еģΧһƬûκô󷨣
û˵ɻתͷԶƽԺѧԺλʳϣƽʱԸΣ
˵λʳϣ֮ǰŭҪɱսʦǸߡ
ʳϣǸʦͰףѧӵкܸߵĿڱ
֪ΪλͻȻʣƽ뻹ϸش
ʳƽʱƤѧĺǳ⣬ѧԺϺˣҲĺѡˣŲϧѫ
һͰ׵ʦͻȻ䣬Ҫɱˡǲ𣿡ƺ֪شЦ
⡭ȫһ㶡
˼ѵǡԺʲô󷨸ǵ˼뷨Ǳøӱꣿ
ʲô᳤һ̲ס
ˣҶͻȻֹ֣˵ĻһȻ󷨣Ӱǵ˼ѵûз̶֣20ӣЩ˶Щ𣿡
ͷ
˵
ȷˡ
֮ǰһԺ䣬ǶԴȴǣɱ˻ɱô15
ԣ˼άѾĲ̫ǣų˺üìܣʱս
ͣѫƽһۣ亹乡
ղǾָоҪʦ϶Ѿˡ
˶Уѫսʦû⡭
˵⣬תͷԶĽԭֻǺ棬ǵĽսʦα⣬ܹоݵķʦ⣬ҾҶ
԰ѵûܵ󷨵Ӱ죿
ˢˢȥ
ҡ
üëһԭ漴ЦһҡҡͷʦҪתƻ⣡ûܵӰ죬òʦҲûܵӰɣÿ˵ʵͬͬԲͬδҲӰ죬ͺУְɣ
˵ĺܶԣӰ죬⡭
Ƥһ̧һЦǣͷѫǧ򳤣սʦõĵλ޼Ҫһ˿һ·ϣʲôû˵񲻴һ㣬Լ±޶ԣ᲻ᡭ̫侲Щ


1061 Ҷ
⡭
ȷ̫侲ˡ
ôһ˵Ҳˡ
ǰλԭΪսʦǧ򳤣һ·ô࣬ȷԵ̫ˣǸղ˵˶һ㡣
ԭɫЩ࣬漴˰֣սʦԵҪ̩ɽǰ治ģΣգҶ󷨡֮˽ⲻ࣬˵Ҳʲôɣ
ҲкܶˣԴһ仰û˵磬īʦ˵ʵҲûʲôһЦ
ǡԭɻ
𣺡żֻ㣬ղǼλսʦܽг𣿡
ҡ
ԭһ
սʦã˽ԭѫ׿磬ʮλսʦҲ˵һʮˡ
ĸȻ㲻ʵͣȴҲûô˵ҲûԼ֣֪ʲôͬΪսʦõˣǵֱ쵼Ӧ֪ĺɣ
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սʦôѫס
ͬΪսʦõģкܶˣѵģֽв˲Ǽٵġ
Ҳˢˢ˼һԷɻ
ĶԽͣԼ¶ʶͽͲͨˡ
˼죬ʼû˵֣ԭɫû֮ǰĳţЦһ˹ܴðɣȻ㷢ˣôϷ
¡
һǿϢӽԭӿ˳һ־ҵѹȣƺ˺Щѡ
Ͼǿߡ
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ϾںԪ۷壬ȻֻС𣬵ʵȴ֮ͬһ
СģҶ
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ԷĹȻõԪȴҲŨɱ¾֮һдʵģ¾λ˵еҶ
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˵Χԭ治ɫһЦָſ͵һѹ
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ϾԪȻ˵ʵȻ֮ȣǲ˺ܴһء
ߣ
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ಣ
еıֶ˳ȥһڱѪɫס
ҵסҿߡ
˼һ𶼲Ƕ֣ʦѣһ˻𣬴ӵϷгдųĽ
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ѫš
Էʩչ˵ľУսʦõ似֣
ҶڿƽԭڽսҲ˵ԭûֻǱʱᡭüë
֣ЩƣӦҶʩչԼʹ
ʱ᣿ʦȾȽԭѫæ
ԭͬΪǧ򳤣һսһԵУȻҶˣζҪ£
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˫սļңʵҲ岻֣ר˼ǰ˵
ûʱˣ¼ȥʦǻὫԭ飬ʱ򣬾Ҳûˡѫʱ򣬻ʲô̲ס
ôż̧ͷȥ
ʱ᳤ľʦҲսȦ
λԭʵǿʦһ˸Ƕ֣ϣͲһˣʼڽڰˡ
û뵽ʩչ˾󷨡
һۣ۾ˡ
ʦ᳤ľʦ˶ǴԴ۹ÿһʵܺλԭ󣬵һ𣬾ͱս
ЩԾҶᣬƥ䣬ʵһЩҲô࡭
Ͼǿ߶ᣬʵήͣǡˣҲӦʦܹģȴڽڰˣԽԽ֡

˼ԭͻȻͣ۾Ѫ죬һһԪ͵شüĴ˳
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Ԫһ֣Բ֪̻˾ˣͶ㣬Żصơ

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ĻͬʱͷͬʱյԪûȥ
Ȼ֪Ƕ֣ʦȻ˵϶ԼĿģ˲ͣЪ
ǵĹͬһΣֱԭǰһȭ˹ȥ
أ
Ԫ壬˿̵Ľԭֻһֵסʱɶ
ʦ
ӵķѫһĻûѪ
˵˽ԭûŹǾ͸ֱӽŪ
أ
ĺʦŽԭĺ׾ͺݺ˹ȥ
⶯ôЩϤ
ȥͻȻѫһ㶡
ԷĶôоЩϤʶңԼҲЩʹ
ָоת˲ţûʱ룬漴ͿеҶԪ鲻ԽĻζ£¶֮ɫ
Ҫʲô
Ԫٴ͵ץ˹
ûǰͼһȭڽԭϡ
Ԫٴλζһ£ӿ
ѵԸԭԪӰ죿
һĻѫʦ˶һۣȫɫһϲ
ʦ
һΣѫǰղҵĵطһȭ˹ȥ

ͲһеԪͬܵػ̲סΡ
ȶԸҪλҶ
˿뿪ԭʦ˸ǰ̧ͷеԪ˹ȥ
ʦ⵽ô£
ʦ֡
ͺ᳤ӽϾˣɴδ˵ϵԪ񣬹ܵӰģؼĻǡ
ͷٽ͡
˰֣ûлشһЦҶЩ鲻ףΪԸôۣҲҪڽԭڣ


1062 
Ȼôʱ䣬ͷҵȱݡ
Ԫһ䣬˵Ϳķѫһ˵ĶԽԭһȭһΣӿеȥ
뷢ҲѣԪᣬյǲʩչԭӵе似ȴʩչˣ˵ԭֻǱʱѹƣδ㣬Ʋʵ޲ѡ

ԭˣôû뵽
᳤۾һ뵽ʲô
ô£ʦ̲ס
ǣϾһܣϾǿ߶ᣬֻʩչԼó似ղŽսʦȴʩչ˵֣˵껹ڣԷֻⷽˡԪȻǿ󣬵ڶԷڣƶԷ൱ڹսͷߣЩҲѲʵ𣡡
᳤
ʵΪҪʦһЩԳϾ˽ĸࡣ
ǡսʦΪҶԪˣʵ
Ҳ˹̫ס
ȻǶᣬӦúͽԭûκιϵ˵ҶˣԪϺҲһնɱӰ쵽Ԫǰδ̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ҡҡͷ᳤üͷҲɸ
ΪʲôҲ㲻
ܼ򵥣
ǵĶԻһЦԪᣬֱܽѹǣһϢͺأױϤ˷֣Ҷߣɷۻ룬ᣬùǵ۾
˵ͷ
ɱ¾궼ɱ¾ζҪᣬǺױֵġ
Ϊ˲Ƿ᲻ã׽ԭĻѹסҲУֻá깲桿ططԪ¶ԭϢʦֲˡǣȱݾǣԭ꣬Ҳ𣡡
һЦ̧ͷȥҶ֪˵ĶԲԣ
˵ĲΪܶԸң̫ˡ
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ҶߣʵǿôܽȫԪ뽭ԭںϣ
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ԣƾ㣬ƲԪ񣬸ͲҶֻǲл֮Ķˡ
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һС֣ԭסʹǲȫûλҶδֲ̫ˡ
ȷܴȻˣ˲˵ɣҿǡ
·꣬ܲ³ҶЩ⣬漴Цһв䣬ٴһΣӿеߡף̲סתͷ·ڲͣķѫҧгݣס֣

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ˢˢȥŷַѫɶԽԭĺףβ룬һȭȭĲͣ
Ĺзִ磬öԷʹֲ
ˣһΪһｭսʦɾءŷӦѫεͷ
Ȼߣ϶Ǹ뽭ԭںϵǲԪ񡭡
ҡҡͷǰڽԭһ£漴ȡһУָ裬ʮ룬źߵԴ˹ȥ
ô˵λԭֻܺߣܹȻĻȻá
£ͣתƬ̺ʬĽԭѹ۾
¡
ͬһʱ̣ϵϢڶ𣬾Ȼһ˲ͻʥ۷壬ﵽԪ񾳣
ҶںϵǲԪû취ߣɹԵɺ֮£ͻ˾磬Ҳøˡ
һЦ
ҶʥسϾǿߣµԪ񣬾һ˿Ҳʮǿ󣬽ԭⶫΪҲԤ¡
ģԴΪôۣ˭ҡ
ûע⵽ԼѾͻƣźףԭ˹һã

ˢˢָѫ
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1063 
ôңԭ֪ףƵҧûκԥŷѫͳ
ȻҶΣգҪˣսʦѪҲûˣôս
ʦʦҡ
ԭʵͻƣѾﵽԪ񾳣ѫȻǶ֣һŹҲ̲סæȡ
ʦתȥŶԷװû
󷨵ȷѽ
ǰҪа취ͺˡ
Ҳͦð
壬ݷͳ
㣿Цղ˵ʱôˣ˷йһ°ɣȻǲҲ̫Բλԭˣ
һᣬԭ
ʱѫԴѾ͵̷һ㣬˵ҡ
⸱ģ۾һͻȻʲô԰ôû޷󣬿úҶѽ
ƣһ㶡
һЦһĶһ졣
ϴκ᳤óģ߼죬ڶûꡣ
ȥ
һͼԺи֣һͺȣֱ˳ȥ
ӵ۷ʦȻʵã޷ó۷弶󷨣óͨ߼󷨣׾١
أתһȦ͵һ̤
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ʱһŰȫڡ
ʦ˼ǡǲ֮УպҶǰ
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֮вҪΧָƣܶ仯ȫ֪УȻԷһ䣬Χ仯󷨾ͻ᲻ƣ¶š
ˣ뵽ҲҲֻʦ̬ˡ
ԡ˵ͷ
ȷϣȫ׹۾ˣֻзѫվһ࣬ͷˮұôңȻ뵽
󷨺ұëĹϵô뵽ģʲôԻ·
󷨸ٲõıȸԵһ£ָʵ

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ղѾ˺üԺˣÿһԺӶֱ״СշλĻӲ칬˿ҲȻ˱ԵʵϣٴʮԺӣҲͬȥ㲻𣿡
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վ㣬Գȥȴ޷뿪ֻһֿܡռ󷨣
ѽΪû뵽ʥóռ䣬ˣܲóôķӡ˵һ󷨿ռ䡭Ӧú׾뵽ġ
ԷشһĶͷȻ
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ĿǰԷĸ˵һ顣
ĸ˵ͷſڵϣ
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ʦѧԺٴο㣬ĿҪըһҪʳ֣֪˭
ŮĹ¶Цݡ
ôŮӣеԼеᣬеİеСˣеĶĸ顭ǲ֪ΪΣֻǰеĶ˼ĸо
ԣ
һȥʥ̨Ȼ˿ʦõױµ鼮ĵĻһ·ܹһÿϣܿҲԶôôĬ续죬һоȱʧŵ㡭˵ʵʱʱͣסһֱǰ
˵Ҫһż֪ж˶˵ʮΣգȥ޻أȴãܺһΣնֵˡ
ʱ֪ԼģһԶһڣ
Ů۾¶ᶨ֮ɫ
أһֱǣ㣬ȥ𣿡


1064 Ǹˣ
Ȼ֪ŮԷҲû˵һ·ô࡭ֻǰλĸоΪߣʧȥᡣ
ο
ҡû뵽ͻȻ˵ЩȫţҡҪǡ
㿼ģǲֵġסԷƣסһʧȥıһЦ
û뵽һ˵⻰ԼûӦ㲻֣ɫߵ͸죬ҪջƣȴֶԷ߬ĸˣ㡭֣
ţһſͲˡĿᶨ
㻹𣿷֡һһܣʦѾǧϷĸˣڸǰ֮Уֻˣɾɫ̧̣ͷ
ţҡͷ
ǸˡԷϵĿ⣬ݶҡŮͻȻůġ
ҲǺˣǻ󻵵æҡͷ
ɲҪ˿
꣡
Ц֮ʱʧ
һҲǣ˱ףϣúñԼǸˣһﵹãֱ˵ԼǴ󻵵
׵ģ
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Ը⣡
˵ͷ֪һֱû˵ݣҲûչ¶ʵȻԼԭҲȥ׷ʡң죬ҲҪӲ飡
ǰȻѾѡ񣬱㲻ڣҪôȻҪˣһҪá
޻ڣ
ˣһ겻ʱڣһССͨʦڵ۷ʦʦѧԺԺ
𾴺ͳݡ
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˵黭ʦ߾磬ڻУ磬е飬ԷϢһȻΪǼٵģû뵽¡
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һЦǧϷ䳲һЦһΣȫ֨֨죬ٴαҶģ
ԼαװҶŪʯҶҶɱ£ѫ֪飬ˡԭҲͲ֪ҶҲ֪
˿̣αװʲ

ٷУܿҶڵʯ֮䶯Ŀ˹ȥ
Ͳ²һط칬ĺģƿƿ󷨡
Ҷô
Ĺ۲죬Ҷ
ҶȥҵõһΪ˷ֹݾߣֻһʱ찵ãջżæ˹

ʲôҶü
˱УȻһ߼Լ϶޷ӳˣûǰλҶǼٵġ
ڵͼġһһܣѹ
ͼͫһҶæվģ
ȱż˵꣬ҵõϢҶӶõǸֻһܣͼǧǰѾˡ
˵ĲҶѾ˿е֪ˣ˵Լ֪鱨һģһҶͷ
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ȻûһҶżȥûеͼֻһֱСҶҡҡͷ
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λҶǰʱ䣬ȥ˶ʮǰˡôᱻУȥ
֪ΣգǰҶ֮ǰһ棬һҲܸõĴϢ֪ѶϢ洫ģ
Ҷ


1065 ҶѪ
ԭˡ
ͣȻ
ѹ֣
֮ǰͲ²⣬ڽԭڵҶʵЩƫͣԭһżЩµģֻһ΢
ԪȻԵһôڡƵʱץסҶʱһҲڣֻûְˡ
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ԪǿԵһûôǿˡ
ҶпǲҶϻ뾸ԶǶġ
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ϣ֪ͼܡ
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ȻҪôΣգֱӽżˡ
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Է˵Ĳ֪ͼйأ֪żһпܻὫѧԺҪ鷳ˡ
ҿҶǵõǸùдż𣿲óԴΪնճ

ճôҶü
Ҫܹǿ϶֮ǰˣҲڵȵڡ
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ԷҲڣټ󷨻һûɣ
վ𶯣Ǹ򡭡ˣ𶯣Ҷһ죬ף󷨵İˡ
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û˵꣬͵ض죬ֱ˳ȥ
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·վãŶԷζ쿴󷨽ṹĺҶͻȻһĵ켤ͫ׶Ȼ̿ӿ˳
籬ը
춨ʦʩչֶΣ󷨿γɣսҶ󷨲óɶʱô첼ˣ
ԣһǼٵģ
ಣ
ӿȥðļһնɱͼһ塣
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ղŲõ󷨶ȻԻ͵Ľֱ˹
㡭
ͫҶûιȥ
Ȼ߼۷弶ʦҲʩչ춨ֶΡԷһ壬󷨾Ҳġ
֮ǰҽ󷨣ҲǾãûܹ󷨣ΣգҲڶʱӳ
ζû뵽һﲻʩչ춨飬ô󷨣ߵʱ䶼ûУ
أ
ûӦҶؿھͱһ̴Ѫʡ
ȻΣ֮¶ҪǱû֮ǰϷ˵ģ
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һʮУеڶĳǿߣ˵ϷŪ󷨣ҶĿҪը
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䣬Ϳ꣬°ͣǲ˼ҶĿǰҶ㡭ʮߣˡ
ۣ
ҶѪ


1066 ͼں
һʮߣÿһﵽʥأԶһ棬κһŵԶ۹Դ۹һȷѪ꣬Ϳ̿
ΪֻҪǳ֣żֵԴŵ۹ܵشʦ䡭
˴ɳȥˣ˻ûһ䣬ȫȺûΪʦûսʦܲˣߵĻᶼûС˭֪һֻдʥļһŪˡ
ԽԽƣԽԽҪ衣
ҿʲ֪֪Ϣ᲻ᵱιȥ
ʲôʲôԹ
ɵþʮ߻
Ҳʲôżˣؼҡ
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󷨴󲿷ֶãȻﵽ߼۷壬ֶκܶ࣬ڱҲûκΰ취ֻбķݡ
նܼι취ӳȥϿ
᳤ת󷨣콫һɱˡ
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Էֻдʥʵʮֳƴˣܹ֡󷨵ǺĿⲻסˡ
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Ҷ棬᳤۾Ź⡣
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һ⡭ȻͬһͼһΪ
ѹֵĽܿĵͼҲԣԭֻͼһ֡
æںϺƤͷ˹ȥ
ֻ͸ղſѾȫͬһ龰
ǲǸղŹʱң֮Ǻγɳ
ѫ֪ʱָŵͼϳֵݣ̲ס
ţ
˵Ҳ˳ںϺƤżȫ黭ڣͼĳһ㣬Զתʱ
ѵǡȷ·Ȼ·ô֮ǰδֹ
ѫŽ˳
⻰˹ȥȻһǳɫҿʼᴩͼֽ
ߵȷȷ·ûƤĻͲ֡ҡҡͷ
żǰⶫȫ԰ϱ·ǰһ·ͨ裬κΣգ֮û·ãûĵͼ·֡
ͬǣ˿ռϵİأǴ˿̵ܹġ
ŵͼܿͿ칬λá
ԭżٲ桭ܿȷ˷͵·˿վ򺫻᳤ˡ
᳤ʦʥǿ֣۷弶ɱ󣬺ҶȻǿûмס˿ѾӲնɱ
˵֮ǰĻҶԴ͹ˣ϶й֮
ԼõӲŪõڶߣȷҵһͿ
߰ɣ˵ͼľͰȫˡ
Ҷ˿ЦЦĵƤͷ˲仯һʺԽ칬ٲӶȥ
߰ɣ
кһ̤˼ʲôһץɱսָͬʱһ㣬ҶָϵĴָġ
һĵڶߣкö϶٣ҪײҪ
һ·ǰ֮ܿͨǰ߲칬Žٲ
ղѾˣٲ칬ʵһ޴Ļڵĳ磬ٲһ̽һ޴Ĺ
Ũ
һУʱеȫë״󿪣
ڣŨ˼㣬ʱˮĻ㲻ƷʯΪٶȴ
Ǹʯ̵ģ
ǰ˼˺ʱ
ֻǰһ޴ʯӨ͸ɢҫ۵ĹâȻһƷʯ̡
ϻôʯ˶˿ĭ۾ԲӿҪڵϡ
ǰʯߴ塢ףףҲа׶࣬˾޴ĶȻȫƷʯ̶ɣδ̫ˡ
ƷʯҲӤȭͷСϰٶ֡
ҪָһƷʯĻҪжٿ飿
ʮ򣿼
ŸսżͿ浽жٱ
Ṭѵʥµż
ʯϵ̵ּʦһ㵡
ʱҲע⣬ʯϹȻ֡Ṭ֮ǰ޽ؼϵģһģһ
ȷʥµġ
תͷһأͬʱ˵ͷ
֮ǰֻǲ²ĻѾ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶ˡ


1067 ż
ʥ˭
һλսʦ˹
ǣϹʷʦ֪Ĳ࣬οսʦ
ʥǵʦӣʦսϱսɱ߽߳ʦʷ֮УĹʥ֮һǰʵʥأﵽľ硭
ʦ͡
ʦӣ
ʥأ
֮ǰ֪ģͬʱզࡣ
˵ȴˡ
ڿʦߣѬգͬȻǿ˵ǳԽʥصĳǿߡѹֲõż˿ֲǲȫû
ʥʵǿΪ˼ףǵؿ赲˵ķӡµġǷֲĹʵӵ֪żΪ϶ˡ
ʦ
һ֮赲˲֪꣬λʥȷʦܳǰ֮һ
ǰȻѫͿʦȣв磬ȴҲǧŵġ

ʥ飬ȫ˫۷Ź⣬¶ŨŨĳ֮ɫ
սʦʦҪľǱ壬ֺλǰķӡս²֪ˣҲܹƽȶ
Ϊֻһͨʥǿµżζû뵽ȻλϹŴܵġ
⴦żǰһṧĿϼͷѫҲǼ
λǰҲʮ־صģû뵽˶Էµż
Ҳǡ
սʦͬʱͷ
ǰȻ˺ƴż϶ǼǰݺҶ˵Ժ˲ûֻǱĳˣͬסĻҶǿȥóʲôҪıʡ
ǿסʯǮĳ嶯
ʯȻأʦսʦݵӣҪߣ϶Լƴˡ
ã
˵ͷǰȥ
˼һλսʦͻȻ۾һͣǰһָǿ
˳ָȥͼһǹбڲԶǽϣ¶档
ʦǰǹγ
ǡʥ
ͫһ
ǹȻͱ꽣һﵽ˰ʥ
̶ֳȵıںԶ۹ǳټԴ۹Ҳ̫࣬Ȼбǽϣһδ̫Щ
ﻹУ
𺳣˺˳žͼһǽϣһʥĳ
ҲС
ȻƷʥ
ǰԽԽľʱ䲻ÿ˶õһ͵Ķﵽ˰ʥ𣬸ߵﵽƷʥ
ƷʥԴ֮ǰ𣬶ӵĵǣ붼𾪡
Щʥԣƺ⵽ػѾʧˡҲ˵ЩʥʥȻͬȴûǣӲ֮ǰˣ
Щȫһ飬ʦ
ȻЩܸߣҲܷͣûԣսؽ
⵽ػˣԱʱĥˡҡͷ
ԣȻ˥ʱƣ𣬲䣬һЩˣȫԽԼԪӡڱ֮УԶ
ԴܹôãΪһֱ˯ѵʱ䣬
ǣİأʦҲкܶ಻֪ġ
߰ɣ
Щպã˼ǰַ˲ɢҩҩĵȱ
ֻϧ֮ǰıһʱ̫ãٶʧȥЧˣˣЩҲһʾ޴ĲƸԶ֮ǰǸƷʯʯˡ
Ҳ֪ΪӵͼԵʣԭһ·ûκΣգһᣬһĹ㳡ǰ
㳡ϵǰӺѵĺۼʮʬ壬ɢɢܡ
ﾭսͫҴǰ
ǡԶʦѧԺĽ鸱Ժұۣ
һʬǰ˳æ
ȻʬѾ˲ʱˣΪﵽʥ峬ףô׸ãͻŵʱû̫
Ľ鸱Ժǰ
ΪԺ󣬿ѧԺϸܣ˵λ
ԶʦѧԺλԺλԺֻȥżһȥأˣ½λʦѧԺԺԽ޴ң˴Ժ
λĽ飬λԺУʵǿһû뵽
ϸһȦδԺʬ壬˿
ȻûλԺѧԺĲ仭Ҳϸ˵ʮʬУûһϵġ
һʮʦͶʮһͷ˵ʬ壡
Ŀʦ˸С
ʮλʥһصʦȫϢʦѧԺʦöһʧ
ʱսĺܼҡҲЩȻ
ԺУµǸ¹ڣ
֪ЩʦȻҲ֪޷˵ˣݾ塣
Щʬȥɣǰ޷عҲܻصѧԺ
һץЩʦʬ壬սָ
Ҷˣʬȴһֱ
Ϊλսֶȥ
ʬ壬᳤ڡ
֪µĲӦԺˣ֪˻ż˽մ֣
Ʋ⡣
ԺµĻӦǱβġ
ɴ˿ԿȻǰ֪żβ
ȻΣûƾ²⣬޴ӵ֪
ҹһ¡
Ʋ⣬һλʦ˳ˢˢȥͼվڹ㳡һ࣬ǰһ޴ʯͷƺЩԻ
ѧԺһλʦʵߣȴʮϸġ
˹ȥǰһۣҲͬʱü
һӡҲ֪ǽս߻ż¡
ǼĳַӡĻأ֮ǰǰ
޽ʱʯһⶫ˵ӡʵǸӣֻҪƷУעܼеӡǣ⿪ĳַӡ
Ӧʥµġ
أʦϸһᣬ˵ͷλˣһ¡
أаȫҲΣգ˭Ҳ֪ȥһᷢʲôСһЩΪá
ˢˢˣ˷
ʦɫأһ
ˣ
һǰǽѿ˾ŸԲţһ˶ߣŷӡϢһ֪۵ռ䣬֪ж
ôôࣿ
ûΣգǰȫ֡
ΪֵļޣŸţӦô࣬޾᳤͡
˵ͷ
ţ֮Ҳȡس֮
磬ܶ๦ԾΪ磬߾ءءʥء
졢ݡɡءס顢źϡšŹء
ŸţƺһоˣǸѡһ
һλսʦ̲סڡ
⡭
һʣ᳤һ㶣ش𲻳̲סԶ


1068 ʥ
ֻҪ󷨣ͻΪŻšššššššš
ЩŻееˣееıУԶ޷뿪
һߴٲ
ˣ֮УҲ·Ļܶ˶óȻжΪпܾͻأӳ
ǰ˾ŸŻȻϰ󷨣ȴ϶Ҳֹɣ׽롣
᳤ľٶҲԶꡣ

ǰЩʦʦκһһԾŶ˾ηĴڣôһżûκԼˣ
ԼҲȫܵĺòã
Ҳкܶ飬ġ
ʦһ·۶󷨵оǹ۲ʤˣ˵һǶš
˼᳤Ц
ǰ㣡
Ƕ󷨶̫˽⣬Ҳֻҵ֮ȷģ

ȫڡ
̬ȣ֪޷ƴǣֻõ˵ͷ԰ɣ
˵꣬ǰ֮ۿȥ
ͼֻЩŻĳɷֺ͹죬Ҫ֪Ƿȫ϶֮۵Ч
ţ
һȦ۾ܿͣһŻǰ棬ͷ濴ȥ
˽˹ֻ棬иѪĺۼ֪ãȻЩɱˣӡʯͷϣر
˹µġ
ʦü
˵ͷ
˵ĲۼѪҺ£˹Ⱦʲôӡǡ
˫üٴοȥ
ͣ䶯ǰѪҺ»ص˸ոճֵʱ
ѪҺԺµģ˵ǽŻ

ǽ
᳤
ţ˵ͷ
ҪĿľѰˣں߽ŻֻҪУܽ˾ȳ
ңһ·ôΣգԺȴ˳ˮ˳磬Ȼ֪סżܣȥĵطȻҲȫޱȡ
ã
û̫ɣʦ˽ȥ
˽
һУ̸еǰĳ仯һĻ԰ǰŽأ˱ǡ
һ㶡
ΪΣգĳĿ飬û뵽ǸͨĻ԰

һλսʦǰָȥ漴˾Ϳ԰м䣬һߴĵ
ͨһĲƶɣʦۣòʱ
ʥ
òһ顣
һ֮ǰҪΪѧǸ
ʥ
Ȼе񣬷ѫ۾һæǰһǳ֮ɫݵ
ʥ߲õķӡ겻ֵֺ˾ء
ʦˣҲݵڵء
һϣηȱΡ
ò֮ǰ˵Ҫ˼ΪͽšȺ֪᲻ὫԼ
¡
֪Ǻã͸еһζǰĵͻȻζ£ͷž⡣
ˣ
ǰһĻʦѫһһ
һ棬ĸ
һ㶣漴˿
ǰ֮ǰ޽磬ʥһͬϢͬѹǱ˸ֻһѡ
ҲԣѾˣôٻ
Ӧ¹򣬴ĳֻأ˷е
Ȼ߶˷Ż

ʯ۾ϹŵˣһᣬѾ֪
֮ǰһʷĲɣһϵѹ
ĩѧʥ
ݣȫǼ
ǺͿʦͬʥ֮Уʦ֮һ˵ż
̬ȹʯӦһŻ˵ԻжϼѣȻˣҲ˵ʲôĻǵԽпˣܹͨҽΪѧҴС޷ͨΪ˷ֹϢй¶ֻԸһԣ
ʥ֮ǰ޽ʱһ˵ͽͽ˵˾ͿˣУû˿ˮ
Կˣ
ǰĴУ
˺١
Ȳ˵ʥʥصʵ˵Կռ⣬ʦĪġ
ܹõĴУԤԽԽǿվڴ½۷壬Ҳֻʱ⡣
ߣԡ츳ܱ֤ѧϰǰ˵ķϽʵԽԽǿԲӵԼĶɣԽȱͬ⣬Żͬ⣬·뿪Ṭ
ʯŵ
⡭
ûż̬Ƕһۣһɫء
õʥĴУȻãǡݹżѶȣҪͨĿˣ¼ѡ
һֻܱУ޷뿪
Ҳ˵ɹʧܣ
ûе·ߡ
˿϶ѡȥˣûг
ʦ˰Եͷ
ԺûĻ϶棬ȻʲôϢûݳ
ܳΪԶѧԺԺ츳ȻͬѰοһĻиԺͳϣκһеţ࣬û˵˵Ѷȡ
㱻Уҿ϶ҲҪȥֻᣬ˵̫ˣѫĿᶨ
ǰֻҪܹʥĴУҲֵˣԭͬʱͷ
սʦһһǰƣʥĴУıأûͨˣҲֻ˵̫ͣУҲǾȡ
ѡȥ
Ҳǣ

ʦľʦҲͬͷ
ΪʦлõʥǰУôܷ
ǹһֵּ
ԣȻǿ˴УסΪҶҲ棿ѵҲԽܣ
һüͷ
ԷĴж˵ȻҲкܴȴҲ㲻ʲô
޽ˣȷǿ󣬿ȱҲ٣ΪּĹһӶȥòʧ
Ͼ֮ʮǰﵽʦȻֻ·һ
Ȼ׽ǲûϸǣɻǣԺǱ棬ҶôҲڣ
ʥķѪӡڵ㣬սʧȥɴ˿ɼǺ֮ǡʯţô棬пܵõУ
ѵһǼٵģ
ü
оŸţȻһһ־Ҫڹδ̫ˣ˻ɶѡ
ãȻ˾ͿʼѡɣʯûעȺٴ
ǣ
ʦվȫ¶˼ᶨ֮ɫֱǰȥ
ʣµĶʮ˳أվ棬ûоϣʣµľȻȫѡ˽С
š
Ҫ߽ȥһȣǰס
ôˣ
ʦһ㶣æ˸ơ
ʥǰ棬ôֱ
ûʲôֻǾЩ֡
üתָһָʯ˹ȥ


1069 

磬ֱ˹ȥиƺƷϣᱻһ顣
һĻʦһΣûιȥ
Ŀʥĵ񣬶һʶ桭
˵ֱӶ֣Ҫ谡
ӰһΣʦǰָſһ㣬ɣüë̲ס˳
ʦҪʲô
ʲôֻǾһ⣬ԣ
û뵽ôżסԼĽüͷһ塣
ԣ
˲ſ¡
Ǹ˭
ʥ
Ϳʦĳǿõȥԣ
ʦϹʥߡǴ治
᳤æ
򣬾ͨʦ֮䣬ѧҲԶʦ֣ο˻˾Զǰ
ҲҪϰɣλ֣ȥ½ʦΪС
⡭
˽޲ýסҡҡͷ
ʵ˵ҲԼǷˣλô˵Ϲǿʥ֮һڿʦǰˡ
Ǽٵģֱӳ̽Ҳδ̫³ç
ʩչ似ԷֵĻ޷γ鼮޷ȷݡ
֪νԼĻɣͼʯ˹
ղվڸսԺӵĵطδ˿̿òƤһ£㣿
ʶң
һ㶡
޽磬ҳ޽ȱݣ˵ֻҼǲסҲѣ
ʯһ
ǵ޽£
üͷһ壬۾Բ
ˣֳˡ
Էܹ˵޽£˵֮ǰǸʶҲ˵ʥ
Ȼ˵޽
ѵ´ˣ
޽µǵ֪ߵȴ֪飬죬ȴӲ˵ĵĲȣɢڵĺ󱲣ô𣿡
ʯ
ǵ޽磬ĿֻһѰܹͨĴˣΪѧ޽ڳȥҵˣûȥ˵ҳôȱݣһ
ֵǣҪΪͽûιȥͺܲˡ
ı
ʦ֮ǰͼʥ
ǵĶԻȫգ۾һһͷˮ
λʦ˵ʲôڿʦĹʥĲȣɢ
ֻһ˵ڴ˳ϿǰǸ
ɫǺ죬æȭ
ʱֻһ˵ҪնԷΪͽҲû취޸Ĺ
ã˵Щȫȷ޽ȻǸȴҲȱʦ˵һģһ
ʯδ
ǰλȻΪߣǼʶȴǼ㣬һ˵޽еôȱݣô꣬˿ʦǵڶ
ѵʱ䲢ҪõҵĴУͽȥɣȻ⣬ﵽ˼߾磬ǿռ䣬ҶһģҪѧᣬҲôס
пһ䣬ʯ¶ŨŨš
꣬ǿʦڿռϵ⣬Զ˵ǵһˡ
棬оԵš
ǰλܹ޽ȱݣ˵ϼǿڿռϣ¾ûôˡ
ûܹʮȫʮʲôʲôᡣ
Ͼʦֻһ
ǡһ²ϣǰԽ𡭡
˵ͷ

һλǰǰ֮ͬеĻһͷʵǿˣǶû뿪ǲûͨˣ
ֱʶԷǲǽҲŽȥˣ̫ʣ˼һ£
ǰȷ˽ҲˣûѡŻ
ʯ
ûѡ񣿡һ㶡
԰Ż棬ԺµѪգӦþǽô᲻ڣ
ƹǰȥˣڱڷʥ󡭡
ʯ
ʥ󣿡ضͬʱӶԷп֡
ʥ̨ﲻԶһʥ󡭡᲻ʲôϵ
ţ
ʯ˵ͷǿʦ˵ģȻҪȥǰͨҵĿˣֱӹȥֻһУԶ޷뿪
⡭ס
Ȼȥ˷ʥΪλŻǰѪ
ԽԽ֡
ˣҵĿ˲ûôףǶѾãǶأ
ʯٶ˵ǿء
˶̬ˣǶû
ҡȥпˣ
ͣһ£
ȻλʵʵʥܵõĴУȻ֮á
ͺ֮ǰ޽ȻкܶȱݣֻҪҵ㹻֮ںϣͻ쳣£ʵҲ֮ﵽŵĵزֻɵһأҶߣҲ
֮ǰûκη֮ˡ
ҾͲȥˡҡҡͷ
ȥû뵽ѡһ㶡
ţԼĴУʥĴãҲϣ׵ʱ䣬£һЦ
⡭ͷ
˵ĲһЩʻѪֻضķͺšԬΣŪò෴á
ȥɣʥĴУʮܹѧʵм棡ص
ţ˵ͷҽȥİɣһͨˣ
Ȼ֪Է˵ʲôоԵţܹͨ
ص˵ͷ
߰ɣ
ԥкʦһʯŻȥ

գ۹ʧǰ
һ̣һԺӳǰǰһʯ
жʮ飬ΧһԲȦڣд˸ָּ
ʦѫ֪ǣˣ˿ԥæ˹ȥ
ֻɨһ飬ʱһݹŹ֣ѧᣬǡ
ʯϵ֣ʹõԣҲϹԡʮԻһȫס
١ࡢơô⣿
ܹϳԣʦ¡
ֵ˼ҲǰԲһͷˮ
תͷˣַѫҲȫһͷˮɶͷԡ
ԶʦƺҲЩĪ
ΪһܹԵĹ⻹ôͨ
ͲµʥĿ˲ֻͨû뵽˹Ź֡
ʦɿʲô
оһᣬʵ̲סǰ
Ҫ˵֮˭ܹ򣬹Ҳֻǰλˡ
ûСҡҡͷ
˵ʵҲһͷˮ
ղŹʥ˵ĹĹӦܹʲôɡղŹʥǰλĶԻʦ̲סʵ
ֻǶ⣬治֪ô£Цҡͷ
ͺˡˣʦ㵽׸ʥ˵ʲôס㣿ѫҲǰ
Ҳˢˢ
˵ʵ˶Ǻֵġ
һλ˼Ĺʥʧ̬Ƕ֪˵Щʲô
Ŀ⾼ͷԴΣ˵ҪʥΪͽ𣿡


1070 ħ
ʥΪͽ
ʦȫһ飬ҡҡͷ
ûһš
Ҳѹ֣ʥǺͿʦͬһĳǿǵʦľʦһǰ˵ʲôԽĻ
λʦȴ˵Ҫ˼Ϊͽļٵģ
Ҫô˵ˣʥ»һƽɡ
˵ı飬֪ǿ϶š
Ҳýͣ͵һЩã鷳
оɣȻ¿ˣ϶нķ
ϼ˰֣ǰʯ˹ȥ
֮ͨ۱ЩʯĲʣ⣬ֻͨһЩʯֻʵؼӲܹžһЩûκ⣬ԣӲϣҲ⡣
Ҫ֡
ֻЩ֣ǣԣ㷭Ҳⲻˣʲô˼
̲סǰָʯһ顣

ʶгһӦ鼮
æ
ʯʥ̶ɣ̺ħơȱʮߴһ׹ԷӰ̫սǰҪ𣬷޷ʩչȫսʱڷӡҪ󼫸ߡ
鼮Ľһ׹ȱݣϸϸд˳
Ȼ
۾һ
λʥûƭǣЩʯӦõȷһֿˡ
ܿ콫鼮꣬ͷ
ȱȫˣҲ֪ǡǿ
֪ȱݣ֪ͺ֪֢ûвһ˵ûнκ⡣
취֪ʯֵ˼ҽķ
ȥ鼮۾ǰʯ˹ȥ
ۣε۾ЩۣĶĻȫ˼
ˣţҿȫԽȱ㣬ƷͻȻ۾һһ뷨ð˳
ϸ۲ĻǣԵ֣ȫҪѺܳʱ䣬˵ˡ
ңԷȻ˵ǿԣȻֻǷҳȻкܶ鷳
ڣ硭ȱݣƹ
ȻѣŪˣȫԽŪ
λ˭Ʒؼɷһ
뵽⣬ԥһܡ
Ʒؼ
ȫЩ֣ԡ
֮оʥµЩʯҪƷؼʲô
кܶ࣬ҴƷдģ
Ȼ֣ɵ˵ͷԭȡһؼٱ֮ࡣ
սʦȭǹ֮оΪϸֹƷؼÿ˶ó١
ҲУ
ѫҲȡһѡ
ܿ죬սʦùƷؼǧ֮ࡣ
ûǶ࣬ȴ͡
ʦͺ᳤ͬʱЦЦʮ౾
ЩƷ󲿷ֶﵽʥ򼶱ÿһ󣬲Ҫȫûж˵κηϻ
лˡ
˵ͷ˹ȥܿ콫鼮ȫսԺ
йƷ鼮ںϣ
Ժһͺ

鼮ͬմʯϿǸħƣҲһ

һոµ鼮ǰ
æùᷭ
ȻħƵȱݲ˲١
ɨһ飬ȭͷһ
ͲµһôƷؼںһ𣬹Ȼ֮ǰǱħƣȱ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰǶʮ߸ֻоŸ
Ҳ˵һ롣
ħƱϾǸ߼ķ˸鼮֮ǰģ򱾣Ҳȫ
ȿܲ
ںϺ¹Ժйһ飬ҡͷ
Ȼȱֻʣ¾ŸԽԽˣȱɲ
Ҳ˵ȱݵĵطֳͨûκ⣬ȱݵĵط߰㣬˿
һ¡
õĵطӦʯһͷˮȫûйϸ
ͺ񡭡ű׼𰸣ɿĿ
Щ֣͹ûκιϵ
оһᣬᡣ
һֱֻҪǹƾͼݣҳȱݣ壬ű׼𰸣ʯϵĶ붼ơ
ˣⶼʱˡʵڲУòõʮ˸ȱݣȥʥһͨأ
üģĵ
ű׼𰸣ûô£ҲΣʵڲСʮ˴õķȴλʥһԷûôֱ࣬Ӹͨأ
뵽⣬վʥͻȻ۾һʯһ䡣
֣ɣ飬ʲô͵һ£һַĻζ֮С
ָоڵؿߣҶǽϿ̻Щķһ
ѵЩ֣壬ǿɷģ
һһͻȻӿͷ
ֵĻȷóգûãǵɷȥأ
۾΢΢ٴο˹ȥ
뷨಻֣ͬ縡ʯγһķġ
Щģͬתڻʡ
һԡ
֪ת·һŻ
֨֨
Ե˫;Ѩλ˲ͱ忪֮УȱݵĵطԶ֮ǰںϺȷת
ȫһž졣
ԭħġ
ܿ죬һ죬ȻƷȫѧᡣ
ƷΪȱݼ࣬ûв̫ߣֻʥƷмʥҲ϶ɣʥصǿߣѧɡ
˷ʥ⣬޾ټޱȣ޸ĺʮ˴ȷλãȻӲƷﵽСɵĵز
似ΪšͨСɡɡԲ⡣
ôȱݣСɾˣлȥսʦõƷѰҸ鼮γƷټ
˸վ
Ʒȱʵ̫ˣҿЩȱֻƷҪû˼壬Ȼ϶
ֲ̫ˡ
̾Ϣһ
ʼȱĹ붼Щ
ʦô
ƺʦ˼æ˹
оôʱ䣬ĵܽ˲٣Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ϧĿǰΪֹһá
ʯϼ¼һƷҲоһᡭ
˵ͷ
Ʒ
һ᣿
ȫһ
ֻһѻҵ֣ǰλ⿴Ʒˡԣδ̫˰ɣ
һƷѾˣ
¡
˵ǰĵһղżǸʥ񣬴շ˽ڵϣЩɻĿԶꡣ
µĿˣѣѧУţҪҲҪټʱ䣬ڻʱͿˡ
ôߵģ


1071 
ţƷдħƣͷ
㡭ܿƷ֣
ʯ۾һɡ
֣÷ĵķʽʯϣֻǼ¼еת·ߣûдƣǰһôģ

һ㶣üë̲ס¡
ͼݡģʯĻֻ֪һƷƿ϶ǲ֪ġ
ҿǰļأ֪ǰһʧƷ˫ǿƥЩƣʶƲ⡭
ͼݣǲ˵ģڶԷŲţ͹ܲôˡ
أʯһ㶡
޽ҪΪͽʱզû㿴ҵ鼮
ⶫϸҲûʲô壬ʯ̲סٴο˵㲻⿴Ʒһ᣿
ǣͷ
ֱܿͨ³ç̫³çˣ
ʯҡҡͷ
׹ǵִ֪Ѷȡ
ȺʵǿǸʥ۷壬Ҫ¶вһʥȥԣ鷳
ƷﵽʥƷмΪǿֻˣңΪˣҪɣҲѣҴžһ£ͨǺķ֮ãСɡӽ꣡ҵӣΪﵽСɵģҲʮ꣡
£ʯ
ƷȻȴҲûôףӿʼСɣķʮ֮á
ѧٶȸֵһᡣ
ӦһᣬɣûȥɣûͶˣûҵָ㣬äĿֻ;
пһ䣬ʯٴοû˵꣬ͼǰǲ˼ͷҸղһᡭһСģСˡ
СɣһСģ
ʯһΣѡ
˵ԼλߣСɶʮ࡭ã
㣬ûʱɣ
Сɣ
ļٵģ
ǰʵƷȻܺãȱ̫ˣͦܵġп
㣡
⻰ãһʯιȥ
޽һ˵Լǵɢ
Ƿôţ
ܶСˣ㻹ôţ
СǰɣƷԴĴСȷĸ
в̫ˣʯ俴˹ɣҽʵѹƵʥ𣬲ʩչСɼĴħƣСܽסҵ˵ûѣȷеľ裡
˭һֻдʥСɣҲúܲˡ
ǰλ˵ѾҪѵһ٣֪ߵغ
Ȼ̫ſˣѹһ£Ժĳɳ
⡭
ԷҪƣһ£ʯʩչƷ
ȻȻʯ񣬵Уӳǿʵܹģ
һʯһΣֱ˹
һ޵еϢڶ𣬸һϵѹ
ʥûʦ֮ǰ£һһĸ֣ͬ޵СѹΪʦƣʦҪԿɣ
ǿ϶ģƷǹʥ˲֪꣬ʦȻʱʵ֮ǰʱҲûֻһʱˡô̵ʱ䣬׿Խ٣
ǰͲһȼϡ

һĻʦҡͷ
ǿʥ֣ǶĿ飬߸ûпɱԡ
⡭
Է̬ȼֻõ˵ͷã
˵ʵոֻһ飬δʩչȻԷҪԣպÿԲһΣĲԺսʱ򣬵ǿʹá
ǾͿʼɣ
ʯӦһֱǰƳ
¡
ûǰ͸һֻ֮УħѹҲм𺳡
ħƣʹԪҲйļӳЧ
ˣϹʱʥƷмĹУϿǰ
ǿ
ôԶҹ˲ңҶе彩ֱ޷Կ
ǰʥµĹܹѧᣬҵʵԻᱩһֹ
Ʒǣϵôġ

ܵƵʦȫ彩ֱɫһһ졣
̫ǿˣ
ʯʩչеٶȻ죬ӶҲûκξȴһԶԿ궼ᱻѹĸо
ĺܶ似ġ
£
ѹֹʥ˵еȷף֪ʦ˼֡ʦп
ƷѾ˵Ǿ񣬴ﵽһ־磬ûжĻۣ޷ɵġ
ʦ츳ܸߣϾ̫СţӦ򲻵ľɣ
ܶ䣬ϲŭ֣ľԲû츳ٸߣҲ似ľ衣
뵽⣬̲סԶ꿴˹ȥ
ֻʱδżĳ֣˫ֱбʮȣ֪뵽ʲô飬¶˱˵
ʧȥˣֺۿһǹ¶֮С
ǡʦ
ͫһʦ̲ס
ԷȻֻһվˣȴһ֣ıˡⲻľһϵļɡ
ʦǲֻʩչְҵ𣿡
ѫ⡣
ʦӡǴŻķΣֶͨ˳Եְҵһ㶼ŮôλʦҲˣ
ңҲû·ֻǴվԭأôǾʦˣ
ʦҪܹ˵⵽һ磬һһԴϣΪ֮ԡʦȻûֻҪϸͻ鲻ԽĸܵľΪ֮
ʦһ䣬һָ㿴ǡ
ѫתͷȥͿԼ࿴սʦȫȾ档
⡭
ͫһѫһ
ΪλֻǿսҲζû뵽ĹҲô¡
ЩսʦȻʥһءصģԽսʵͬѰҲܹ귽ĵѵֻһվԭصĶͱȾǿ־塣
쿴ʼˡ
𾪣ʦĺٴ𣬼æȥͼʦȻһᣬᷭʯӭȥ
Ķͬ죬ҲûκݻĶֻǼ򵥵ƽƣȴͬһַ֮С
һ˲䣬ͺǰʦ˾޴ħ궼ܵѹ֮Ӳ
ţ
ܵƺı仯ʯҲ֮ǰӱüͷһ£ƽٶȶȻӿ졣
أ
ƶһȻը޴˼ٳ
ಣ
ʯûӦһն𣬱ֱɳȥײһʯϣˤķѡ
⡭
ͬʵͬƷͬļ𡭡ʦһоͽʥˣ
Ŀɿڴ


1072 ʥʧ
ʦᱻʥѵᱻһƻɣζû뵽ȫ෴λ˿ʦ֪õĳǿߣȻһˡ
ؼ˵ļһһʱ
ôȣ
ͷķѫҪ޵ı顣
Ϊˣȥúһһسӣѩޣڿ˱̬ϴϴ˯ɣ
Ȼһֱܴ
㡭ֻСɣ
˵ͬʯԴǰļһҲˡ
Ĺо˲֪꣬ΪܳңɱɣôоԷôأ
ţδùУҲû뵽ôһƾͽǲ˼֮ǰȱ̫ˣ΢޸һ£û뵽ô󣬱Ǹ
޸ģ޸ҵĹ
ʯ콫ӵɳ
̶ʱһﲻʯµĹСɣȻ˳˸ġ
Ҫ찡
ţ˵ʵ׹ǲģҲȱʵ̫ˣʮߴϧҼʶ̫ǳˣֻʮ˴оŴ֪⣬û
ҡҡͷһį
Ҫ㹻Ĺ˭ôȱݵƷ붼ơ

ʯڽѵ»ۣ⻰ٴһΣû
ʶ̫ǳˡƵıʲô
װƻ
ҴĹû޸ĳֻһ͸ˣҲǳ
ǳǲǸȥɱ
ʥƷм۷似˾Ȼơ
Ҳأ
񼤶֮£ʯԽ£ԽѺԽࡣ
żһĺ󱲣ԼĹԼΰ󡭡ǰԽûһֱ
޸ʮ˴
ǿסƣʯʵ
ͬͬľ磬Էô˵ȷ޸ĳɹˣҲ֪ԼĴƷЩ⡣
֪ҿԽ㰡
꣡
ٴһЩʯؿڷۡ
ˡ
֪ܺԷʦ涪ˡ
ÿʵܼ򵥵ģʮ˴ֱת麣ʱ
͡
޽û㹻ںϣֻ֪ȱݣ޷޸ģ֪λشԷȷѾ֣˵һҲʲô
꣡꣡
˼䣬ʯѵԽԽ죬ƺ̫ܵ󣬳ܲסˡ
ʥֻһ־ô꣬Ͳȱˣ˿̽ܵȻﵽʱıԵ
̫ǰһ̫ˡ
ʮߴȱݾȻ͵ʦ˵һģһʱʦδ޸ģԼѰҽ֮ԷĻ֢δֳŵϦӵĸоɣҲֲס
Ҿ͸ʮ˴ʣµľŴʵڸĲˡ
ܿ죬޸ϸ˵һ飬Żعǰʯ۾Բһôˣ
ֻղŻŬָʯ񣬴˿Ѿ̱ͬһ̯֮࣬ǰͷ­Ҳͬһ㣬飬ʱ
ԭˣԭˡ֮ǰˣѹôûдﵽ߳ɾ͡
ʻʯʧһ㣬ѺԽԽࡣ
лָ㣬㲻⿴׹ҽ޸ĵȻͨˣʸõҵĴУҵĴǡǡǡ
п꣬ʯٴο˵һ룬ٴһ꣡

һ̯ࡣ
һæǰһץŷʯѾĺͷĩһдڵȻʧ
㻹û˵ɶ
һΣѪ
ʥҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ͨ˾͵õ
һֶû˵ֱˡûи
ƣʦҲɴ۾û޳
Ѿǧ࣬üõУ˭֪ʥȻʦӲĵıֱɢˡ
ɶѧЩʲôһֶûü˵
ɶ£
֮ǰøλʦ󣬽żǺ£츳ʶǶ󷨵⣬ܱ֤˰ȫһõôҲܸںԵ⡭
ףô£
ʥĳܲסԸƨ⣬Ȳϰ
ӦʶʱˣʯҲͼֲס
ƣͼһǸȻĿȻʥĴûüƷѧѧҲʵ
ţ
˵˵ͷ
û취ˡ
ʶûˣ˭֪ɶʲôطѰң
Ҳûá
ҿһƷ
뵽⣬ٴԶʯ˹ȥһ졣
꣡꣡
ţһ֮ǰӵʯһѺۣԽԽ󣬳˺ƣԶơ
Щʯеʱʵ̫ˣûйʥӳ֣Ҳܲסˡ
᳤׹æڣδ䣬˾͸еҲһζƺ۵ռ䣬Ҳʼ
ȥطʯһʥά֣ܡ
˵꣬ȥ
֪ΣգͣЪҴ
Ƭ̺»ص˻԰زУǰУճŻͿľŸţȻʧ֮ǰĶһΣûڹһ㡣
⡭
㿴ңҿ㣬ȫ亹ֱ
ҿٶȿ죬Ҳҿͨ˿ˣ赲뿪ķӡʧȻ»۵ռ䣬ͬʱʧ
̫Σˣ
أ
˵Ŀ־岻̲ͬסΧȥ
ղŻ԰ûУôҲûʦӰ
һȦת֮̽ټͼǰ˻
ǳˣѾõ˴У
ǰغĿڡ
ȿȡûУʥʦ˵ˣжûüó
ľʦЩεĽ͵

һֵĿԶꡣ
ҡͷ֪λش
ֻǺͶԷִ̽ħƵȱ㣬û˵ʲô˭֪Էôܲס
ʥء
ǴħƵѾ޸ģҰѧϰҲһˣ
ҡҡͷԼѧĹĬдһݣ˵˹ȥ
ʥǲǱԼ˵ģϾΪûõУܲһˣ׹Ҳ㲹ˡ
л
ȫ۾һǼ
ʦ˶˹ȥ
û̫ãͽؼһ飬ٴοԶ꣬Ǽһ㡣
ʦǴħƣֻһʱСɣ
һĭ
׹ȷǿ󣬿ɡΪ̫ǿˣͬ졣
˵ˣʦλƷʦûʮꡢ꣬ţ˵Сˡ
ɡѵõ似ǰһһʱʹﵽСɣͬʥǿĸôģ
ѹֹʥᱻסֱʧǣҲᱻֱӴ
֮ǰ˵ҪչʥΪͽġ
̬
ˢˢ顣


1073 ټҶ
һᣬûһţ̲סҡͷ
ƷȻ޸ʮ˴ȱݣǰ©û޸ģҪҪ
Ȼķʥǲ˺ܶࡣ
ʱɣҲû취¡
ͺµĵˣҲԸ˽ڳȥɡѧòô
ɸΪ֮ʦ;ȲҲΪ
ҪȥʥȥԺһ𣿡
֪ȥûκ壬ƷˣԺʲô磬ֻܿԼڵ
֮ǰʥ˵ԺҶһȥǰķʥҪˣֻܹȥ
һȥɣ
ʦ˵ͷ
ѾħƵķȫû壬һȥѰˡ
ղȥˣ
һ·ǰղشǰ̲סȥ
ֻ㿴˿
ŮһЦ
ŶԷ˵ѯʡ
յͼϵıעûþһ¥
ƣһʥ֮С
һ᳤ۣɫأطи󷨣ֻҪУͿ뿪Һʦʦȥ˾ȱˣ
¥û֣һյĸоһ޴֣ٽ֮ǰʥ˵пܽУȥ޻أûҪȫȥðա
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죡أ
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Ժ˴ʮˣ濴ʮλʬ壬Ӧûʮλǡ
ֻʣ²ˡ
ҸԺ̾Ϣ
ˣȫһ㶡
ҪôҪôˣʲô˼
Ѳɻ룿


1074 ȥ
Ǹ֪ˡ˵ɻҿЦһ
һᣬһ䡣
Χ˷ӡ壬ﵽ߼۷壬ƺҶǿߣУҲᱻӲɱ
һĻ˵ͷ
ȻͬҶռ˼ƣԺ޷⣬ֻܲﱣЩ󷨺壬ӦöΪ˷ֹ͵Ϯġ
˽ȥֻʮƽ״Сխ˵ûдֻһҹ飬ҫܣԵЩ谵
һǽϣбһˣ˫ѾʧնģֱҲһ̷ǲš
ԺЩǡ
ʥһǼȻͬ࣬еļ֪
̷ԺԴ۹ʦǣҵҽһ䡣
̷ԺǸԺ̷ࣿһ£漴һˡ
ԶʦѧԺһλԺĽ顢ҡ̷࣬
ҡ̷˵ͷɻĿԶң⼸λʦ֪γƺ
ҲǸոǱҶ׷ɱ£ûüѯʡҵ
ղ龰Σϸ˵ֻʶʦλ治̫Ϥ
λǺԶѧԺεԺʦλʦλԴ۹ʦ᳤᳤ʦһ¡
Ժ
ܣˢˢüͷͬʱ
ΪΣܲ룬ֱԶʦѧԺҲĴѧԺ֮һôһֻдʥ𣬶СһﵱԺ
Цİɣ
ԺȻᣬʵȴͬѰ֮ҵ֣˵ı飬֪Щʲôʦæ͡
˵ʵʵ̫Сˣ㵱Ȼɣοǰλ
Ҳԣôܼ򵥣
ʦĻһ£漴Ȼ
ṬĲпᣬ֪еΣգܴڴӲߵȻŹ֮ˡ
οʦԿڡ
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ԺҺ̷һۣͬʱѾˡ
ˣԺղŲ˵ǲ˻ֻ
˵Ǻ᳤ȻղԺĻҲˡ
ǰһֻǶˣֱ˵ˣȴ˵˲Ȼԭ
ǵʦϣֿ
һ˵ǻţûʲô𡭡ֻܵȵضʱ䣬ȥ
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ţˣһȫԣԷӣûϸ˵ҲͲټ׷ȥ
ͣһ£ʦɻĿǰ׷ʲôΪ֪ǳΣգϱܲ
ʵ⣬Ҳò˼顣
ԺԺ¹ڣ϶Ȼ֪ΣգʵܹģȻˣӦϱ߼ʦòǣΪѡ˳ĬѧԺôʦ󡭡ȫһȥ޻ء
ʵǲϱʦãʱϲ
ҿЦҡͷʦԺϤ֪ݵľǰϲ¾̽ƽ¼෽̽飬˹⴦żһЩ飬ҲõһЩõϢڴϱʦõʱ򣬲֪ôϢ˵ĶУƭ߲˵֪˸εܡ
֪żϾҪ򿪣󲻵ãҹͽټ׷϶
ͣʦüͷܲĴѶƣֻҪѶͿԸ֪ᵢ̫ʱ䡭Ϊβȥ
Ѷ㽫żϸ˵һ飬ҲʮĹҹܽ𣬼׷ϡѶϢӦòѰɣ
Ϊ˵ʱϲ
µĲϢӦòǴ˶УǡƭߵİɣλƭӣǲǾܲģǶܲģ
һ˼ͨеĹؼ
ûмɵ϶ʹѶˡ
⡭ʦȻ棬һۿڡ
Ļҡ̷ͬʱſ̲ס
Ӹղ˼򵥵ĻУͲ³ЩǰλʦȻֱˣѹܹΪԺȷͬ졣
ƭߣܲģ
ʦһ㶣漴ȭͷ
ҲǴˣˣô¡
ܲһλ١ʦƭ˷Դ۹ʦõ̫˽⣬ȻóȻѶ
ܱƻţܴżгԹȥһˣȴһȥ޻ء
˭۾ʦ
ܲʦʶ˭
Ƕ˭ȥ˵Ҳûκ塭ҡͷ
ҳȥ˵ʲô壿
Ȼˣ粻˵ͽա
ĳȥѵҪһֱ
᳤ڡ
ţķӡн޳ǶˣӦʥԲáǣõĴУ˽ӡİأ򣬲뿪
̷ЦҡҡͷͻȻʲô˹ˣǵҶ˾޷ֻӵһ·Ӧ÷ͨʥеŻ˰ɣɷõ˴У

⻰ʦΡ
ŻǽˣʥĵҲˣ˶ͨˣ󴫳вδõ
˹飬˵ȥƶԷš
ôˣѵԺµĺۼû
˱֣̲סʵ
ǸԣӦܹ׷ְɣ
ȻµģȻ֪ŻдУΪβȥ
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£ȻڿŻȷ˷λȻˣΪβȥҪ룬ʥֵĻǸҶδܻˡ
ʱȵŻǰҼˡǣڸȷλãûȥ̽ʱҶ׷˹ʥĴУǣ̫һҪԷõп嶼ѡǲҶģԣԺڵµĺۼ߸ҶԶɣֿŸŻҲûȥ̽飬׷˹ȫ
ҽʱ˵һ顣
˵Ȼ赭дǣ˿Ʋпᡣ
Ľ˾ھŸŻԶĵطʬ嶼ûջأԿʱΣա
Ժ󣬴ұֽ˶ɱ˹ȻֻʣҶһǰʦҲĲˡҿθӣŵԲдȻ϶ȫûˡ
̾Ϣ
ԭˣ
˵ͷ
ҶǿǶʦͺ᳤֣ⲻסʱ˲ֻʥһ۷壬Ȼû취
ܻڣ˵Ѿܲˡ
ˣǻûشǣûеõʥĴУ
꣬ٴο˹ǣܲ뿪ʵڴҪŪס
ʥµʦɢˣδ´У
˰죬ʦֻÿڡ


1075 ʥҿ
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ҡ̷ȫһ㶣һ
Է˵ûҵŻûṬֵʯûУܹ⣬ɢ
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Цһ᳤׼˴ǣԭίϸ˵һ顣
˵ʦ˹ʥƷȱݣɹ˳ˣ
ҪչʥΪͽ
ԺĿɿڴûѪιȥ
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˵Ŀ⿴п
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ⲻû취

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˼ԴΪƷ޸ˣؼԷܼ˵껰Ĳˡ
ûеõСĳȥˡһᣬҿЦҡҡͷ
籦ɽֹ飬ôʦôѧԺԺģ
ЩΪԶѧԺδǡ
ûõУڿռķӡƽⲻˣȥҲûá
ϣõѶϢˣܹȳȥڿˡ
ʥ󵽵ʲôطͷʥ̨ʲôϵ𣿡
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ٶ˵ҵȥ̷Ϊû㣬Щط޷УжȽ鷳
ƹ壬һ·ϣʱ䲻˸Ϸŷ֣¥ĽȻƽģмǸԲ̨ɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ղŵ𶯣Բ̨ġ
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ⶫ֮ǰڷʥ̨ƻĵúֵԲ̨һģһ
ָ˿ʦĵõĴ֮ʯըѣԲ̨ұг֣Ϸֱӱ͵һ۵ռ֮С
ʱһֱΪǸԲ̨ǿʦʥʱģͻȻпܲǡ
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ֵطֻҪ츳̫Խ죬̶󼶱Ҳԭˡ
˵ı飬֪Ѿ׹Ҳٽͣǰ˼һָʥ̨ԶԺ⡭
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ҽ͡
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ԺѱޣѱѪԼ͹ϵȻҲͽˡѹͼݵ̽Ǽһʱ򣬲֪˭
׹
ѱʥޡޣ׼޳ĻǣȫԼƿ֮УԺû·ӣֻʹ˾ѪǩԼ
ԼȻҲѱʥޣһ͹ϵԶ
֮ǰ̽޵ʱ򣬲֪ԺֳΪˣԭ
ʵûʲôҲͦãǻš
˶Щˣʦλѣɫ÷ףʯЦ
ģٱȻɢҪһЩ
ܹѾµĺۼõʥĴ˰ɣ
οһ䣬񿴹
ֻҪõУ͵ܹ룬Ҳһֱˡ
Ȼ޷뿪ҡ̷λԺȴ˳ߣҲܱ֤ʦѧԺһЩʵ
ûõС
Ժѯʣβʦشҽ龭æ˵һ顣
㡭
ͣɴ۾ǼһһۣҪ˵ЩʲôֻͣΣûеõʥĴУҪ뿪ǲܵġǣܺͿʦһϿɣֱӷʥ
ʥһ㶡
ţŵʥӵķʥ̨гʥĵúͽܣĿֻһǿʦˣϣҲܵõϿɵģֻҪʥ̨ͻƣΪʥߣܵķӡͬʧ
˵뿪ʦ˿Цɡ
ǰȷûпܵġ
ʷҲֻпʦһɹɴ˿ɼѶȣҪôܣ
Ǽαɢ£
ԡǴδܹȥǰͽ˺£ڻܹӲдҲ㲻ˣ
ҵ
ʵ
ȫԥһ£˹
ʥҿԣ


1076 Ū˾Ÿ
㣿
廰ͣ
һɵһ
ȿȣʦʵ̲סΣʦ֪츳ˣҲжصķĵãطʥ˭ģǣ󣬲˳ɹ
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Զ񣬼ǰһ˵Ҳ̲סȰοһ䣺ܿʥƷе⣬˵似⼫ƾʥʵ˵սҲƾˣʥǲ̫ˣ
ʥǶϷʥŷŶ಻ࣿսʦõŶ಻ࣿôǿߣû˵˳ɹѶȣʦԳԣǰ㣬̫ϣ᳤ҲЦ
ûһá
⡭ðɣ
˵Щʲôҡҡͷûڡ
˵ʵȻ˷ʥ⣬ܷܲʥҲȷͶԷ˵һֻоѡ
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һĻɫһ䣺ʱ䵽ˣҿߣԺ㡭
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ҡҡͷ
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ˣȲˣЩطʥһ̫ңԶ̷ԺһöԿɷá
ҡҡͷ˲ھЩ⣬ʦԶ̷Ժȡһƿ
ʱ̷Ժ˫Ⱥֱ۶նϣ˲мҲֻд˵е߼ö֫
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⡭Ҿһöʦüͷ塣
ҩʮ󣬾Դ۹ʮټҲǻ˾޴ۣŵõһöһֱûʹãû뵽̷࣬û̫á
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Уһ㶡
ţ֮ǰ˵ʦΪúͻƣ˲ٱожݡðǱֻҶռˣҵ
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㣿ʦüȻҶţ϶ʮΣգҿˣ
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ҵҲ
İɣа취ֻǹȥлĻûûоͻİɣ䷢ͻġ

⡭˶ʦ˵ٴδϣõģҶץסа취ѣ
ðɣ
ţʦ˵ͷ
ȳȥˡ
ٶ˵һЦ߳˷䣬Ӱ˼£ʧǰ
⡭ʦһȥҶʵ̫³çˡ
̷̲סڡ
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ʵҲ³çǡ֪λԺ˶ս¼ƾ;áܹɹ
֪ʣʦЦҡҡͷ
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ǺҶദôãʮӦö˵ɣʦ
Ȼ˵ǲҶĸ֣һһǿҵͷ
ͦµģÿһҲҪǿλԺһˡ
ʦЦ
Ū˾Ÿ


1077 Hi
ŪŸ
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ǺҶǶ£ƵĶˣûκζԷ֣ԼߵʦԽԽ٣ˡ
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ˣҶֳһ֮УҲĲϵ
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ȻԷﵽ˳ϾʶǿɷΧһʶʱųģϻдʱֻҪ쵽ǰ͵ЩӦ׾١
׻ǰУ֮ǰ˵ķλһ·˹ȥʱ䲻һĴֵǰ
ΧסĵطͬҲ˸ָ󷨣͵Ķﵽ߼ͨУ϶ᱻԻãҲλѾ۷ʦȻѲס۾
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ҩһָʮ󷨶ʱ࣡һʧǰ
ûҩģӡҲʧȥ˼ֵһɢ
ʦȻҩģȴҲ˿飬Щҩû㹻ʵòµĲҪóҩֻǴʥ۷壬ǿˣ϶ѡҲܱ֤ҩΪͻʥãͬʱܹҪҩĵĺ󱲣ܷʸʥ
ͷϵĺˮЦ
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ʵ߲ܵõҩ㿴Ҳá
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ҩȻܺãó̫Ѿˣڶݵ֣뿪ΪãȻҶ߶߲ˡ
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ЩҩȻܺãʵ̫ΣˣҪȡҲ鷳һҶסӶˡ
뿪䣬ͻȻ۾һһֵĶϡ
һɫ۶ɵҺڷӡлתɢϢ
⡢⡭ѵǡ߲ʵҺ
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ʥʥ۷壬ҪͻƣֻһǾ߲ʵҺ
ⶫڵ˺ֻ֣δ
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1078 װ
ʵ˿Ǳġ
ζû뵽Ҷʱ
ֱ۱ڷӡ֮ڣȥҲҲӲ˵Ρ
HiкĻҶҲһס
Էǵûµߣ˵һֵԣЩ£գ۹ͷӦ㱻ӡסˣҲ
һﺦôңһߣ涪һֱű𣬱ΪԷ֮󣬻ǸСٲû취ץסû뵽Լ˹
·㲻ߣƫƫ
Щӡоֻ֪꣬Ҫȥõ֣ǸܽưγģԷڵģȻȡ棬û취ߡ
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˫۷Ź⣬͵̧𣬾Ҫǰļһץȥ
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ߣ϶ˣһȴôţֱ̫黫ˡ
Ҿ޷ֱ㵽˭ʦµȴԣˣܹʦҲ˱ˡٴЦҶƼͬʱŷ
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1079 ʲô
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ղΪԻҶʱڲ֣ͨ䳲ڵķ仯ɺҶģ
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ֻһֱûкʱڼʵԷ̫Զ䲻Ҫ֡
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ҶǿԪ㲻رǿ󣬱ϾҲǳϾǿߣ֮䣬ƥûʥصս͵ϮɹҲδܽ˺
һȭԴ򱬣Ѿӡ
ٴκһȭĻжŲסͻᱻſڵϡ
Լķ
ٶȣսҲ硭ԺٲҳԼΪˡ
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֪˺ѣٲߣֻбɱķݣĸͣŷ棬ֱǰȥ

ǿһҶʦ˫ˣ
ڲϢˣܵǿҵȫͫһ
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1080 Ҫʥ
涯Ūô˶ΪʦҶ֣ս
ȴܹûһô
ʥ󣬲ǳûб
⡭Ƕǡʦ᳤Ƿʲô˿ĭ㿴·͸ղʦһģһֻ񡭡
ȷʦֻǡǰǸڱ˭ʦҲ˳̲סͷͬʱЩ֡
ǰǸڱҲʦͬ·һ޶ֻˣ˰ɣôܣ
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֣ͼĹսǴһߴԪ˹׷߹һζĳһһľ޴ӡ
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һĻٹ˲˭ȫˢˢȡ˳

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1081 
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ʦ½˿ʦû˵˭ɹΪ˴ζɵ񣬿Էɢˡ
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һﲻ֪̳УҶƭԷһЦ
¡
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ͷϵգ̱һƬǶһ޴Ż
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Ҳ
Ȼ˼룬ֻǲ̽ʦݣûֹŻû뵽˿¡

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ȻֻǸӰȴҲһ֣ĸоĻǳܲסʦ½˲
Ӱ
еıӰһƬӵۣ֮ͺʲôطһ㡣
ûüϸ룬ԶҶӰ֣¶֮ɫӿ
ҶģֻҪõҵֺ͵ͼ̷񣬶ʱڲǷֺΥģɢԸ

Żһâֱ˹䵽ͷϣԺ
ƺͬҪ

ЩŻɢҶɫЩףٴ˹ôѾԣ˰ɣ
ţ
˵ͷ뽫͵ͼȡʦĴڶ
ҶӦ̫ˣĶԸ⡭᲻թ
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ͷ
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ǡ
ʦü
ԺҲû취թҲеƣֻҪһʱ䣬ҷʥɹͿԽɱΣ

ǴƣöԷӦͲˣթҲûõİ취
⡭ʦ˵
Է˵Ĳֻһ·ߣû취
Ͼǿߣ붯֣ǾһҲֵסġ
Ǽһأͼأ
Ҷ
⡭
û̫ɣһǰ
һﴳģȻ
Ǿ̥ƶɣԷץס뽫ɱ϶Ҳ
ʱķڱѾ׻ָΪ˷ֹ̫𾪣ڷ䳲ڸıòαװǿģ
ûˣαװǿϤҲ㡣
ǸղŶҶֵǸһ
һʶӣҶü
αװǸҶҲͷ
ܺá
дŷŭɱ⣬Ҷ˵ͷһץͱһɾ޴סֱ˹ȥ
ͼأ
ץߣҶδż֣ٴο˹
⣡
ƣһϵƤģɢبŵϢ
ⶫ˵û̫ôֻһʺţͨ칬ûЧˣԷҪĻҲʲô
ù
Ҷһ֮⣬һæơ
ã
ָһͼԷ˹ȥ
ء
ͼҪԷżҪ˵Щʲôȴ
㣡
Ҷһƣ˷˹ȥ
˼æԺĻǽסʦǰ⿪ϵķӡ
ͼϵżܸ
һ⿪ӡԺżĺ
Ѿˣ
Ҷսͼģ˫۷Ź⣬˷ܵʥΪ֮


1082 㵲ҿװ
¡
վڿУҶһͼ򿪣ʥһζṬ
һӵӿʲôҪ
ܵϢɫȫһ䡣
Ϣʵ̫ǿˣ˵֮ǰҶԶԿϢǰʲô㲻ϡ
ǡؿ߷ӡϢ
ͫһ
ǵؿڣӡĴָоƴ㣬һԿ֮С
֨֨
ϢԽԽŨһ޴Բܵ˵ͼٻӵ˳
ͬˮͨ͸ʲôƣǸһԿ֮Уƺ֮Խѹ
⵽ô£
ǰľ棬˵ʦ̲סʵ
ǵͼҧɫףг˾
ͼͼû̫ô𣿡ʦ˿
ͼʦҲˣֻǻ߲ʺţԽ칬Ṭãƺû󰡡
ûãҡͷô̫ˣֻǲ֪ѣͼʵṬԿףйĿռ󷨣˾޴ӡһԲںϣṬС
Уȫһ
һ·ӦѾ֪ṬʵǸ۵ռ䣬ⲿռزԲάֿռȶάġͼΪԿףֻҪںϣͻǰ칬һһԶСʱʥıرһȫõ˵Ҳߣɣ
ż
⡭ȫһ
֮ǰ칬ʱ򣬱Ҷ׽ŪΪԷڡ⣬Լڡڡ
Ժ˵ҪģԷɹż䵽ҶУ鷳Ҳʹˡ
ʥ´УֻʦҲ˵ͼԵˡֻҪõͼˣ빬ںϣ͵ƿ۵ռ䣬òУԴ÷ӡĽṹҲʮּ򵥣ʱɱǰҪѪսˡ֪õ˵ͼżæֹ
ٽ͡
⣬׹
֮ǰ룬Ȼ˵òʥĴУԺΪҪƴϧԷͬھԭ⣡
ΪԷѾ˵ͼߵõṬķ
ȷѾգֻͼѡ
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֪ʱƾʵȥֹҶûκôԳɹͻƣΣ
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û뵽˹ؼʱ̣λʥȻҪͻƣ̲ס
İɣʦͨͻƣһõġ
һЦһʦ˫أͻȻһԾ𣬻һǣԿеҶ˹ȥ

̫ǿռ䶼ƺܲסԶѡ
֪Ƕ֣ʦһ־ʵطӳԽʵ
ȵң
᳤ҲͣЪԾ𣬽ȥ
ʥǿߣеҶսһ
ղţƾҶʵһƾͿܽ˵ˣǴʱҪͼˮںϣȫʵȫӣȻһʱ佩ֲ¡
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֪ڵģȥֻ˴鷳δȥɻĿԶ
һʥѣʲôͻƣʥǿ˷ģ
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ӡƿѵǣѵǡʦ
ͫһ뵽һ¡
Ҫ˵Ṭ⣬ڳˣܳҡ
ӡ˭޷ӽֻһֿܣǰλ˷ʥҪ󡭡Ҳ˵ǡһλʦ
¡
𾪣ͼѾڷʥ̨һĶһ߲ģҺɢ˵Ϣ
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ڷʥ̨ϵҺһֻƣһ㣬Һɢ߲֮ǵȫѨ
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ǰλʦȻֻǴӴʥͻƵʥһأɢϢԨ纣ɲ⣬һĥ֮УۼʥͻƵءɺǰȣɲ˺ܴһأ
ͬһȼ
ѵҪʥ
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첻ʦ糤ҹ
ǰһϲͷ϶ҪԷʥ
ţһԴζתͷȥͼղźӣ֪ʱѾǰҲŲԶΪŭƺ÷ͷԷˡ
㡭Ѫˡ
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˿ǰλѪˣ϶ˣǰλûиоһ㣬ɿŷʥ̨Ľ
Ŷûʲô˵ģϰˣ
ӲΪ⡣
ѪҲϰߡ
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ðģ
ѪȻ˵ϰߡ
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˵ֱһ˼Ť쵽󣬽˳ڵϣºˣ
ҡ
ץ񣬸оԼҪˡ
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ɶҪ
𺳣һٴηŭĿҶ͵
꣡
ǰλ̾ͱҳڵϡ

һ˼ɫɷס
ջһ˵գ۹ͱӾͦġ
λСֵܡģƴҲҪ㱨𡭡
۾죬̧ͷеҶŨŨɱ⡣
еԣûһͷ
һûУÿ㵲ҿװˡ
ͷȥͼһ۾תǲͷؿ˹


1083 ʥ

ֱûιȥ
Ѫϱһ⣬츳಻ڱλáɱĳһ磬ôģ
ؼˣ
ʦװƣޣʦͻƣǵжİ
֪λش𣬸뿪Ǹô죬Ϳǰٴһӹ
еҶƺѾһûˣٴһâ
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ûκ⣬ǰ磬бп̱磬ڵϲͣ䶯
㡢㡭˰ɣ
촽£̲סʵ
ˣȫҶˡ
ϵ磬ҽУ飬̿еҶװǸˣһһһΣôҪ𣿡
¡
ϵ磬Һһ㣬ճһգ۹ٴλָ֮ǰģһ㶼ûˣһֱҶ˹ȥ
գ۹սһ
ʵҶƺЩ࣬շȥãٴαһƳڵϣͬࡣ
ûüˣֳȥҶһ
⡭
ʦͺ᳤ĵҲɵˡ
ʦλѣ͵ЩˣͺƤһôû¡ôģ
㶯ֻ֣ҪסС
Ծһᣬʦٴκ
˿̲𾪷ʱ򣬱赲ҶƵͼˮںϣһɹ˶Ҫ
Ϲ磬ˣ񱩵Ϣͣƺնϯ
Ĺ˼룬ʦʱûΣգٴԶʦȥͼڵһؽһأɲûһ
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ˣ˵ͻˣʱģ϶ὫԼե˸ɣǰһȴûһ㣬ں
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ʦһλŮʦվڲԶһеս²ؼһ㡣
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ܶԪǿߣѹΪ꣬ҳ߾磬±Ļɢ
ˣԪ񾳺ͳϾֻһսȴ֮ǿߵҲȫͬ
ֻдﵽϲϴ½۷ǿߡ
һľ˳ΪϽ٣
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ⲻǳϽ٣Ƿʥ٣Ҫʥȳн١Ŀŵǣ٣ֻܿԼԸҪ¡
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ѹַʥôѣû޷ʦİأڱسأҪʥܷʥ٣
׽٣ô׶ɹġ
ɣ
֪϶㲻ֻӭ濹ܳɹһҧȫѨ򿪣ˮӿڣ̧ͷϿ˹ȥ
¡
ƺܵս⣬еҲ಻סһֱ۴ϸ׵磬ֱ
ԱȵĻ֮ǰ֮ĵâȣͺ˲ͬһϡ
׵绹ûǰ͸һѹ֮УֻҪΪͿܿⲻסǶᱻ
ʥΪ١ٺĽ٣һһѡ
һأȭ
ֻֽܿԼ˲ܴ棬Ȼǵûкôŭٸѡ
٣Щɻ
ڷʥֻڿʦµϿΪѾȫ֪ڲףǰŮĺԶ
ţپҪâĴϴвͻɢǷʥٵĵһأ
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ꡭ
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״̬֪׵жη壬˵ȻĿǣ˵˴ִ׵磬һСģܲס
ʦԸû¡
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׵ڣ̸оԼ꣬Ǳգ֮ǰò۵Ļǣһζʱɢ
ۡ
ɫһס
ʹʱģͺʱܲס
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ʼ⣬ΪҪҺ֮󷨣ΪԷǹ⣬ΪѺߣڿ˴ǣóסʥĵһء
̣
׵Ű걻飬Ȼ顣
ҿڣҪǳϣ˵ۣɢ֮ˡ
彩ֱҵʹ£оʶЩԡ
Ȼ֪ʥûô򵥣֪ж¡
־ҵ˺ͺÿһάһп½ơ
סһҪסʦܼ֣Ϊʲôܣ
ͻȻһ˳
ʦˣҲˣƾʲôʦܹͳܲס
ôõķʥ⣬ôãҪΪͼֲסôԵôõŬ
֨֨
׵ѵʹȴȻû֮ǰôˡ
һءǹˡ
һĻ˿ٴ˵ǣڶ٣Ͷĸ򣬵Ըû£
٣ϵĽѡ
似⣬Ƿ񴿾ȸղŵĻٸѡ
Ҳ׳ܡ
Ȼʹֻ࣬ҪϣΣԲ̫󣬵ٲһһܲסпܵըࡣ
꣡
֮Ул˰ĵڶ׵磬ٴӶʱ¡
αȸղŸӴִһдȴϸûǰʹžҵѹ֮Уʥ̨顣
׽٣ʥôס
еҶʱڽʦѹƣɹȹ˵һ׽٣ɫһ̲ס
һƾ˹


1084 Ǻܺõʦ

޴ӡܵγһɾ޴˳ֱ
һУɡ
ҶĶҡ
ʦ᳤ͫһæ嵽ǰ棬Ҫסӡ
Ҫȥ
û뵽ͻȻֱʣɫһæȡ
˿Ѿˣʦͺ᳤ȻķΧ֮ڣӿսԷӡ棬Ϳеһζ͵һ
һɸǿ׵磬Уʱᱩ¡
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طʥߵʵѶȣʦͺ᳤ΧϢ̫ǿ׵ΪʦͻˣȻҪ¸ǿ׵磬гͷ
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ô죿
һΡ
û취˭֣ܲԽ֣ľԽʦѾԽ󡭡
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꣡
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¡
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ۣ
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׵Ĺ£ĹâһѣͬѺۣѪ
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ղŵĻ٣ȻԶԿȴܹ⣬٣ʵ̫ǿˣﵽԲҫڶԷǰȻԵļһһȫǶ֡
֨
ѺԽԽ׵糹ֻеԴ֫Ǳƥʱ˺ѡ
һƥһǧƥһƥ
׵ڣͺƥǣÿһͣɢ˺ѳɷĩݡ
ֲסˡ
ͬӱŸʮ󣬾͸еҲܲסʱᱬը
Ȼ츳˫ҲޱȣǴ˿̣Ȼ˼ޣܲס
УȥɡҪңҲţûȱݡ
һҧе˹ȥ
Σǿ󣬵ǿĶҲȱݣҲ©ֻҪҵȫԶɹ
һ鼮֡
æ

һֳԺ
ʥٵڶأ٣ۼ֮ݻ֮У̺ըܣԿ⡣ȱݣмǿ˺ã꣬ȴûУ幥
ûй
۾һ
ղŵĻ٣콫˺ˣûйȫա
׻壡
һ׻̴ü˳һţԴԴ׵˹ȥ
Ϊ׵̫ҫۣ˲δ׻꣬Ϊʲôط
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׵һ壬Ǳ˴֮ûϱٴα
͵ıը֮ͺ񴵵һ㣬ܲסըѣ겻ͬϡһЩӰ졣
ܿڶ׵磬ոɾٴλָʮס
Ȼˣȴû˿ɼǿȸղŻҪֲ
㡭ɹڶʥˣ
׻»صյڶ׵ʧ̲ס˿
ҿͼݿһۣȻƾ϶ܲס˿̡꽫ոɾǿס˵ڶȻѾըˡ
¡¡
ڶ׵׵緭žҪ¡
ʱ׵Ȼһ״ϸû䣬ͺ񲻽նɱĲݡ
꣡


ڴʱҶָٴһ㣬һҲ˹
Ըղ͵ϮûɹŭҪһĹ򣬽λնɱ
Ȼٳһλʥߣ˿϶ٴ֮֡
һָ̺ȫͬâ
۾֣ͿһӰֱǰ档
ͣ
âϣʱ˺һ
һٲ
Ǳˣǵķ
Ҷε鷳Ҳ̲סˡ
ҴұŪ㣡
һŭϵϢڽһ¾г˹ȥ
㡭û뵽һҪˣֱӳ嵽ǰҶһ£һ˹
ꡣ
ڿУٴαû˿ˣƴǰȥ

գ۹򣬿񱩵ͽҶԪ˺Щɢˡ
ɶ񡭡
û뵽һ˲Ҫͬ˷ĲǣҶɫѿĿҪը
ǰһҲ֪ʲôɵģη˵ͺƤһôٴαʵԶҲͷۡ
УǾûκ壬ֻҪõͼˮںϣҾ͵ڳ׿ṬʥɹҲҲΡ
Ҷһ߶һ߰
ΧҲҿźԶ͵ϮĻױټǰһƴ͵ϮɹѾǲˡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻһ취ṬֻҪɹƿԷʥͬĶ֣
һһƽķɣҶæˮǰѹ˹ȥ
ˣ
һٵĺͼˮںϡ
ֹæ˳
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սһᣬҲѾ˲ˣˣֵסһҪṬҶ
ˡ
ͼȻˮںϣṬĻζҲҪɫס
ʱѾˡ
ֻܼϣʦ˳ʥŤתĿǰľ桭
æʥ̨ϵ
˿̵һʥٵһ飬Ľ٣
ѵģΣճ̶ȱǰ
Ľ̫ˣħ˽йƻǿˣԿ⡭Ըܳܵס
վڲԶȫû
Ȼǰأѵ޷ɹͬľ𣬳
ףѡ
֪ߣûսϣ֮еħϡ
ȥĵĺս˿̵Ѿ׳һ֮С
Ľ׵Ȼִȴûκʹ˲һޱߵĵڡ¼ţǰ;δ
·ܳûоͷҲûз򣬶棬·һ㡣
ģҪȥ
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¡
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ģ
һ㶣ͬ䣬Щã۾͵˵ˣ⣬ɣѧҿԸָ㣬İɣһܺõʦ
ħ


1085 صʵ
ħˡ
һƻ˵ĵģԼľѺۣȻ룬ɡ
һﵹãſڣû˵꣬ҪԼΪͽܲܰƣ
ħðɣƻģǱƻġ
ȿȣ˵ϳ⣬Ȼܷܿʥɹ˱ʹ࣬ҵģ㣬졭
ǿסƣħĻٴγ˹ƻһ鲻ԽĳУħʦҪ¡
֪˼ЩûõģҵĹһ⡭ţһȭ
˰֣Ŀ峺ûܵ˿ջ
ԷջģУǹʥ˵ʧһССħѣҡˡ
أ
ûħ䡱һʧǰ
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ʧ֮ǰǱģôһ첻ߣ䲻ɵĶ塭´Ҳˡ
ءҪؼҡ
ħֻһ˲飬˿ͼһִ׵ֱϣûˣҲûѪûѹĲһȫһ
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1086 ǿʦ
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ʦ˵ͷԭأ˼˵λأпǡҵλС
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Ϊȹһʱʹﵽʥһ۷壡

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ܲҲֻ˲һʱ䣬½ʥŷô࣬˭Ҳ֤гԽܶͬš
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һЦٴοҶĿ硣
˵Ĳ˿̸ոշʥʥ̨ɷӳԽҶȻǿ󣬿϶ҲǶ֡

һҶϵĽͱƿٴһѹһɺȻʥϯǰ߾ֱſڵϡ
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ǿʦ


1087 ʦҸ
ֻˮеӳһӰ߹ڳ£һʥ֮Уƺһ޶ϿɵʥˣϿɵʦ
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ǰĿʦӦҲֻһҲûôɾ롣
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Ṭĺ֮Ȼɹ

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ʥ̨Ѿʹûڵļֵˡ
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Ҹղżʦˡ
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˵ͷ΢΢һЦʥĵطʮ
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ʦΪ֮ʦʦְҵĴʼˣ֣µ˵ȻǿʲôܶϷ
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ǰ
ͷ
ʥɹһ⣬ʵţ˺ö౶
Ժĵ·ѡҲţһܹߵվʦ½۷壡
أģܶѡҶߵһ𣡡
ٴסŮƣĿᶨ


ھž Ϊʦ


1088 ص
ʦʦޣˮƽ㲻ʱ䲻ƶɹ
Ҳ֪ΪΪǶݵݼߣһ¯֮Ƴö֮ࡣ
̷Ժö֮ǰնϵ֫Żָܹߵ
ԺȻԪ񾳻кܴһأʥѬôãѾʮּͣҴһȻ󡭡Ƚ֮У취һ壡
ǰһһͷ˿ܳǰ
Ȼֻһ꣬ʱܵʥҫѳ׻ķ룬ʮּͣܺԪܱȣȴҲܹܳʱˡ
ֻҪһͷһȥ⡣
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ܾʦĺ⣬һǼ
̧ͷȥͼһͷ޴ԳεʥվڲԶۿʪֱ˹

ԷòҲۿһ죬ǰ
޳裬ޣ
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Ϊ̫ߣڵϣסֱû֮ǰԶػߵģ
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˵⣬ԺЦſǰʥޣڡȥ
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ͬ⣬ͷһץһӹ˿֮С

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ͷ˿ܣȻģ̫ÿȴʵʵʥʵԷںϵĻʵҲкܴĽ
Ժ̷࣬Ŵ»صʥķӡǰ
ָһˮ֣һ֮ǰ޷뿪ķӡһͨ
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ܿԭصľʦѫ˼ϡ
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εĿɣû̫ͣٴνˮ𣬹â֡

һ̣˾»صɽĻɽϷ
λһ·նɱߵõĴָԼõı֮ǰżȷܲܳ޷ϸ֣ڼȻзݣ
صԭĵط˿һЦ̶
նɱҶҶҶ˺żеõб
Ȼ󣬵ǴҹͬŬŵõģ֮ǰż棬ȷܲܳԼŲʲôڣһ¡
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ЦЦ
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еˮһתżڵ۵ռ䣬֪ĸˮĵͼϣԶԶȥǵһ
ʦżǾͲѧԺֱӻԴ۹ˡ
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⡭
һ㶣޸ˣѵһֱڼ壿
һѪҲûʲôôġѣʦҡҡͷңˣҲʥŷ໥

ʥŷеĹǲй¶ģ޸ͬѪˣŸпָܳǿšԣҪɵµĻأûôף
ԥһ£ʦ
ˣǰǰλԤ롣
ʥŷŮˣɲôȢߵġ
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˵Ǻ᳤
֮ǰ²صݣЩ˵͸Ժǳ־֮ġ
ǰλߵһĻܵĲңпһ塣
ͬȻ֪ЩȻڹ
ʲô壿̲סʵ
һգ
ʦͣһ¡
ʥˣżң


1089 һжӲס
żңü
ʥżңʥŷУŵǰʦ½۷ļ֮һеĺĵӣѪһʮǰͻʥ򣬶ʮǰܳΪԽϾĳǿߣҵĵλڴ½ϻżң
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ʦЦЦѡ˿⣬ǣѣǶվߣ
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ʥŷȻʮ㣬ꡢǧδܷǰλС
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ʦ᳤īˣڸǡ
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ҲʲôˣѧԺ˲֪˲Ҷ׼ûʲôġ

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һﲻԼ֣һɨصĹؼʱ򣬻Ҫ㡭Ժûıը
ڵô𣿺ܺãҾͿǵʲôʵ
ҧҽΪѹ͵ĺɨѧԱһһ֣ʼɣ

ˣԺǴˡ
У޶ԱϵԺ
İɣԺзִ磬ֵ̫ġ
Цŵ˵ͷ˵һ󼱴ٵķ𣬽žͿҺ̷˽
ﵽԪ񾳵ĸ֣ȫɨѳӡǣ·˵Ǳ
ôˣ
û뵽ôͻ̲סһ㶡
ǱˡΡ
򣿡۾Բ񲻸š
Ժʵôǿôܣ
ı飬һжӲס


1090 ܲ
ղɨλѧԱĹԺ;档
ֱ̫ǿˣͺܹеȱһζܣܳ鵽ϣƫơ
ҪǵʵﵽԪ񾳣ǿڶѾˡ
ΪɨصѧԱֻǸһаܱѡһĸң
ͬǣͲЩһĶ֣
ѵ˼ڿΣ
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ʵ̲סµޣ˳
ԺǸЩѧϹΣҲҡҡͷ
󲿷ʱ䶼ǧϷ䳲ѧԺ£֪Ĳࡣ
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Ŷսʦˣɥʧģȥˣ޵ǽһң˵Ҫսŵҹˣ涼ûҼ
֮ǰϸ˵һ顣
ȷѧԱɥʧģ
Ժͬʱץ
Ǿͱżʱ䣬ʦѧԺ׾Щʲô
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˵ľȣѧԺı仯˵ȥ
˵Խ࣬ͼǰλԺԽӲû˵꣬ͼȻʯ
֮ǰλԺᣬѧԺڲ֪ǵĹˮƽ֮ȣϲϡ
ǻɶԷǿЦ

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׼׵ʮڣָ˽ڿΣŴˣԴ۹˹ȥ
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ǰսʦýҵ˾ںԶѧԺֻӳϺĪԶߡ
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ͬ⣬ֻüԺ飬ٴ˦ƹȫȨԷ
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츳֮ˡ
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ΪǾʥԵʣҪͨҲͻƵ˸߾硣
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˿̴ﵽ̤龳۷壬Ϸ⾳Ҳֻһ֮ң
һµĳѾ׹ʥһ۷ʵΪӻ񣬾ûͻƣʵȻԪ޵С
ؼǣľϵ֮ǰʦģȻﵽ21.1һʦڣʥٺʱĻۣٴ2.0ﵽ23.1
ľ̶ȣΪһԽԽѣľ1.03.0ʮּ򵥣21.123.1Ҫʮ
ҪǷʥеĽ٣̫׶Ըûһսԣ϶Ĳֹһ㡣
һ·û̫Ļһµʱ䣬ſһ޴ĳУǰ
Դ۹۶Դǣˣ
ߣԴ۶͢ʦͺʦҲκ̣ڸϵ˶ܲ


1091 
ܲһ޴ɽ֮Уֲһֱ֣¶棬һǧľ޴С
ʣԲͬһС
ɽ˵˾綾ǶĶʦֱӶУˣܲҪء
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κεطηĴڣΪ˰ȫòأְҵѰҡ
ֱܲͬ޽ɽ֮УʲôûڣȻû󷨣ɽ桢ޣ鷳ҲḶ޴ۡ
ˣ֪ܶܲҲû˸׶֣ʦöҪɵ֡
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬶ʦܲη˵۹⣬ְҵһڹ֮С
Цҡҡͷп
ܲ㲻ڣҲǲɽ֮Уְҵڸ󷱻޽ֲȻͬ
ʦĿܵ󣬼ԽԽ˿־壬ֹ۵㣬׾ܸıġ
Ҳϣôһ졭ӦÿˣתͷһоŵŮ͢΢΢һЦ
ӾԶ뿪˽ӽ£Ůʼûѵļ󣬶ңɢĶԽԽŨˡ
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ɢϢּĶʦܲס춾壬湻µġ
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ǰ͢ʦСıһҧˣΪ޾ȣöⶾҩ֮ʱ䲻ͻָһͨĵҩԽٶʹãò˼顣
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ʦλųߵֽ档
λ͢ȻѣҴͬһȴû˵Լе飬ҲǸöַ³һЩ
ʦֽʦѧ30꣬ϧΪʲδõ洫Ȼڶﵽ˰Ǽˡ͢ͷ
˵ʦ𾴡
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ܲλĴߣʮʮһȷֵЩǿߣﵽ˰۷塣Ĵ֮УȻŲϵһȴҲ״ӣʵﵽ˰ǣܳΪӣ֮Ľ
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İСҲ16ӣһһЩͣģʮֲۣǰĻϣ˿ҫĿݣ˲С
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ģ͢ʦԥæȭ
ꣿѵλɱʥʥ޵İ۷嶾ʦ֣һ
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ÿʦ˵Ѿﵽ˳ϾҪ˰Ƕʦ㣡ЦЦ
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һڣ
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1092 ʦ
䣿
ͬ͢ʱһ
˵ⶫǿʦ飬һоöط¼棬ǶʦõĲţֻǡʦţʧˡ
ʦ½½ּ˲ٵֻΪûõУԷڣµĶӻҡ
ΪⶫѰû뵽һ˻
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ǰ·߽ʦڿεĴһ
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ֱ̫ǲԴУ
˵Ǵ䣬Ǵ䣿˭Ҳ޷ȷϣҼǵõʦͲԸ¹˵켺ɹλ
һСǼộ϶Ҫ֡

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һ㶣漴ȫҡͷ
˵ҵʦʲôţҵʦⲻε
ȷʦֻʣһл꣬ŵŮϡ͢һָ
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ŵĻԿǵöҩ
һ͢һƿȡ˳
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1093 ʦϣ
һ·ʹΣ˿̣ƿֻʣһҩ衣
⡭ṉ̀Ԫĵҩһֽۣü
ΪʦҩҩԼ˽⣬ǰҩһֻ֪ṉ̀Ԫͨҩûκ֮
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ųߣö֮ǿ֮࣬ۻңĿࡣ
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ʶҩӣգۼͿ˸ԽԽ֡
۹ͺͶҩ⣬ҩûκ⣬Щֺ˵ʥصˣһٳҲû̫Чųƽ򶾣δ̫˰ɣ
ǾǶʦ½۷öߣ⣬Ҫǰ͢ĵ϶ӵعȥˡ
ҩнⶾЧ̲ס˹
ʦţҿԵ顭͢һЦתͷʦ֣֪ġɢЯ
ڡͷĶһƿ
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춾壬һʣҲֻڿʦϲųֹڳλûһŮ˵˵ʡ֤ݣңʣͿʦʲôϵ
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춾壬˭ûҸ˾˵ǵģôɡ

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֮ǰ˻Щ֣һ仰Ѿǻɡ


1094 ʦ£
Ȼ̨ŮЩ춾壬˭û޴Ӳ̽
򻤷ҵ䣬ҵ춾壬ųƿʦ˵˭˭ţЩԵ˼
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ʦѧԺһҲҫ޷ȷϣȫԽ
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ǾǶʦʵȻﵽĪľ磬Ȼֻһǿ̶ȣʥءصˣҲԿ⡣

ʶ漴һŮУ˫۽գ岻ͣɢĶ
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һŮڴ˳޷ŮУȴը鲻Խֻ֮ġ
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ղֻһ£ͽʶ𣬶ԷʵԶ
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ݺ½û˸鷳һ󱲣ҴУȻҶҶ֣Ǻôĵӣ
Ůٴͬףһһ֣Ĥ˲֪λش
ǰĲ㶯ֻ֣뿴˭
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1095 ʦ
ߺһǾǶʦ˵öƾʵѴﵽ˷˼ľ磬һԪûѣʵǹҲնвһס
춾塢壬ӵʵʦʵ벻ʲôˡ
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ڡĸҷϻæ׼
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˶Է׼꣬ڳƿ˶Էڲ·һУֽ
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ղֽѾѧ͢ϸ˵ˣû̫ԥ̽дﵽǼĶʦټŮʣƶ塣

ЩŮٴڵϣ˫۽գ˯
˸ղŵľٴοԷ˳ݺ;ηû˸Ҷʲô˼
оǶʦһ֣æѹ춾塣

κѹڶ߱ϣԶȭ
ЩȻԣʦΪ£ȴһ
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С˵ͺЩߣﵽ徳ΪΪ̫ǿѽ龳ʱֻҪҵʦͺܿվϣ߲ΡҲЩɥʧʦ԰飬»ָʵһְָҵȫ˽⾳õøǿ
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1096 ᳤
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Щط龳ĿһԳɹȴ˼򵥣ְҵȻͬ졣
˶֪ߵȵ۹࣬Ҳκ˶ġ
Ȳ˵˵ľ룬һ·֪жΣգ˵һļ۸Ҳ˭ܹܵġһöƷʯ
ּ۸񣬾˵ò
ټϸơͺǰĵϰݣ˶֪׬ǮףûãûﵽһǮٶ࣬Ҳ׬
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ͬüţףǲһȽ鷳ʦܹûǿٱǿ󣬱ȵҪϺüߣıеԳԼҪѲ֪ãЩ˺ö궼鷳ֱĨɱȻʦ֣»һġ
ְҵ𱬵ˡ
ǰ᳤ĵطһΣ۸񼫸ߣǴﵽƷʥ
ƹȺһķ棬Сͣ
Ҫʯ֪϶ˣû̫ϻֱʵ
100ƷʯС˵
󣡡ͷ
ֻҪܹȻԴ˵һƷʯһҲĸԸó

һȡһƷʯ˹
Ժ󡭡
С߽䣬ʱ䲻ٴǰϲɫү᳤պûʣһǽȥɣ
˽ȥ
ϰƽСмһУʮģȻûʩչһһԴϢ֮ǰʦһȻﵽʥԪ񾳡
᳤ǹҪƷʥָԵλʦС˽ܡ
ţ᳤˵ͷһۣԴ֣Ʒʥ
ǰλֻǸʥһ۷壬ʦҲûʸǿıɡ
ǣһԴڵϡ
ʶ˯᳤ܹæѡ
˯
᳤ԴǰϸһȦüͷɸ˼Ƭ̣˹
˯ǴµһµȡԷó˯ѣ
ó˯ıָԣַһµһµڶ˯еĻѡ
Ȼǻѣæ
µ͵ڽԴĨɱȥġ
ЩѶȡ᳤ҡҡͷ˵һС˽
᳤ǰҪĵ̥ӤԪ񾳣
ܣ
᳤ҡҡͷҽûˡ
δ䣬һ˽һˡ
û˵ˣǻһ𣿡


1097 ˸װ
ʮģ뷢ף˫üƼŨŨɱϢһ֪þɳһΪȻﵽʥԪ񾳳ڡ
Ǽñ˫۵֮һ۵ܣ
ģһСŵɫһףæλۣڼñرĴڣһԣʵǿ˵ؼǣκ¶أԵţΪ
ñԴŵ۹һռطΧ㣬ȺԶһȵ۹ҪΪһԣ¡
Σ᳤ѾҵʯˣѲɻᷴڣҡͷ⡣
ʲô£и󵽣ǹأԷԪǿߣʦڵĵطҲЩ
Ҳ˼ǰйϱļ¼һִСһЩ˼ǳر
С˵Ļδ䣬ͼһ᳤ҡҡͷҽȷֻˣλӣѾǰҽķáԣֻˣ
Ϊʦḱ᳤ȻҲҪعء
οǰλһλʦ
ȵ򵥣
ЦЦǰдѹȺͲݷλСѣøңղӦǸһƷʯɣڸ٣ǲ
˵ţһǰһƷʯǶö֮ࡣ
һ־ͷһǼ߼۸ˡ
˵̧꣬ͷ˫ֱ󣬵öԷʯתߣϾһʥһأΪһԼ漴ûĻһ㣬ǰ᳤˵ָЩѶȣ֪кѣ費ҪҰæ
ʦ˵û𣿡
һʦãǰһüëһȡ
ҪǾҶ飬˽ⲻ࣬ȥѧ·ûĻ
ѧ᳤ҡͷʦȻְҵҲһ͵ģѧ϶ˣó˯ʶѣǣԵ⣬ʮ鷳Ҳұ֤ܹɹ
⡭üǡɹǷʲôΣ
ɹҲûʲôûɹ֮ǰǾ͵òʧˡ
಻ɹѣԱԣûʲôΣա᳤ЦЦ
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ÿܲܳɹҲ˵ãֻ˵ȫ᳤֣ͷ
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ܺǸ˶УЩӵζˡ
Сӣ˵ѵû
ҶǰĿдųɱ⡣
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ӵʥ۷ʵվǰȻδ֣ǿѹ͸һѹ֮С
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ӶԷƤһ̧

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Ȼʥ۷壬ʥɹսԪ޵УԸʦǵģó֣һǳ⣬ңʧ

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ֻǼ򵥵˵һ֣ȴ̺ħʦ;ʦʤ
ҲĹѾ䵽˰ɣشĻ
ѧЩ³ç֣
ЦѧΪʦΪֻҲΥ棬ҲԴСУڣҵ½ǣ˵ֱ뿪ǾͲ˼ˣңϹȥȻҲ
ųƼñʱԹ˴
Уüëһãְɣ

ܱˣ˵У
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ڼñ˶֪ڹ۸ˣóľٶȣóһֻʥһصСһԡ˵ɱţԴС
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ӿʼжڶԷǰʮ֮һûõ

˳ǰȭͷҲ漴
㡭
û뵽û׼ãԷͳ˹ô죬ŵɫһף뻹֣ͷȭͷӰ죬·ͻʱơ
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أ
ֱײǽϣ̱ͬһ̯࣬ǰһڣ˹ȥ
ñ˫֮һ۵ܣóٶȣطʩչͬȣҲòҪӦ
˫˵ӣʵһСˣλүȻӦԷĻżĴû˵꣬ͿڵϵĵܣԭأÿҪˡ
ǰλҲ˶٣Ϊʵһ㣬ζû뵽һǳһλ̥ӤˣһȭһλԪ񾳡
۵ܣطԪ۷ǿߣҪ׷϶ѣڶԷǰûüʩչͱΡ
Сĭ彩ֱ
ҿΪʵûȥƷʥ£ҪȥˡӦѾˡ
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ʱҲӴɵзӦæȥˡ
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һоͰˣʵװʲôβǣ
ŪøƵá
װûġ
˰ˣ
˵ʵڵʵֻҪԷͨԪʩչȫսʤġ
С͵ŵùɣ
õģ
˵һԪ񾳳ڣĳϾڵҶҲû˵ɱŪ
ȻսԪ£ֶ̫ˣԪǿߣʮɡ
̾Ϣһ̲סҡͷԶƮ¶ܡ
˸װƣ㻹ҪҲΰ


1098 ʦ
˵ʵûȥʦûȥҺ᳤ûȥսʦãѾܵ͵ˣһﻹҪų顭
̿أ
ˣ˲С˹ô߷ڡ
һٴοԶ᳤
üëһ
֮ƫǰλһΪԷʦи󵽡ţҪ֣ͳȳ⣬ζû뵽ûڣսѾˡ
һѹ
ʥһ۷塭һȭǿ߻ԡ
̥״ðģ
ѵǡսʦõǿߣ
սʦõһչԸ˽ӴȻͬԴǣȴҲûλ
˾Ҳʶĺ٣ǰλʥһؾɻԪǿߣһԱҵλ͡
ѹܹó˼ʥ
֮ǰΪԷʦñܰȻǣڿƾԼʵҲû˸š
λӣСһЩΪãñ˫֮۵ܲʲôҪ磬۲裡˵ѾﵽԪ۷ˣֶη࣬ԶԸ
Ȼ֪Է򵥣룬Ǵѡ
ƾһԪ񾳳ڣȻܵõñͷУλĸ磬ۣ裡
һΪɲ⣬ϣҲֻܶߡ
ϾʦֻǸְҵս˵ó
л᳤ѣ֪Է⣬΢΢һЦ⣬ʵ㿴ʲôʱ򷽱㣬ܹҽǻѣ
ھͿʼɣ
û̫ͣ٣᳤˵ͷ
ŽԴתȦһطһ
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ǽŵĿ
˴ʮӣһգ᳤˼ɫףĻЩˡ¯ĲӦǱ׵繥ŽĻ˯ҵʵ»޷ѣ
׵мãҲҪԭ˯Ҷ໨ЩҲ᳤ҡͷ
ǡ᳤֪˭ܽ份ѣ
̲סʵ
׵粻ԣ¯двҪٻԣҪԽƬ򡭡ҪϾǿ߲ɣϾԪ񾭹׵η֮˭Դ۹ʦᣬûܹ
һ£᳤
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˵¯Ϊûﵽϣ겻ηǲҲܽ份ѣ
еüͷ
ӦÿԣȻǰǱʦﵽǼֻǡ겻׵ģ᳤Ц
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ֻΪְҵӵУŻԵȼƵıȽϣһְҵûôҪġ
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һǰҫǧöƷʯڵϡ
⡭
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Ҫͷ᳤ҹȥ
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һ棬ǿЦ᳤ʯ𣺡ɣ
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߳䣬ųһᣬһ޴ķ䡣
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Կ飬Ҳ򣬷ҲжӦĿܣ飬ܹӦǣҲͱﵽ˶Ӧĵȼ
վǰ᳤һöƣܵ
ʦԴ۹Ȼ㣬ȴְҵûôأ㿼ˣҲʮּ򵥡
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ӹƣ˵ͷ
ȥɣÿ飬ѧְҵģҲֻܹɾ͵ĺٰˣ
᳤˰֡
ʦְҵ׬Ǯÿ춼ǰѧϰֻΪʦҪǿϸ塭һ츳ʲô˿ѧġ
ٶ˵˽ȥ
ⲻֻʮܣʮˡ
ȻвڷĿ飬ӦúһҲѧϰʦְҵġ
Ϊ˲ע⣬ܸǰֳһװĶģ۾ȴܿ˹ȥ

ɨ鼮ʶ
ʮӣʮе鼮ȫͼݡ
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ܿ쿴һ飬ְҵҲ˸̵˽⡣
ν飬ʵǽԼߣԺꡣ
ҪҪԼ꣬ûԣܲöԷų⣬ɹԻ׳
ڱ˵һؾͼ޷ͬ
׻꣬ûκԣȻҲαװκˣˡ
鼮꣬תһ飬ͽǼʦ֮ѧϰϣʱûõ
ûЧ
һ࣬ȻǽվһֵĿܣŰֻ첲ĸԴȼҲ֪ʲôơ
ö֮ۺͼݣһͨ꣬һֱͬʱڵһ
ˣ
һâܳ֡
գ۹һڵ磬ֻܽ
֨֨
ǰĿܾͱԣֱֻĸԴת
ʦܼ򵥡
۾ЦЦ
Ϊְҵжѣ׾ͽԼ˵㸴ӡ
Щ̧ڶȥ
ڶ鼮ʮţʮᣬ編ƣܿ쿴꣬γǼ鹦
ѧϰǽǣͬһɹٴȥ

ʱ˵Ĳ㡣
еĶǼ鼮Ժѧϰһ飬ٴʢſܵĵطһۣüͷ̲סһ塣
ûпܣʲô
ǽǣûĿܣֻһһ˶ֵӣϵ¹ᴩ䣬֪ʲôϣʮֳء
ǼֻҪ飬Ӧʦˣ
аԴĦǰ


1099 
ǰ㣬ͷ˱۵ĿܣȻûУиӣӦҲͬЧ
Ծ֪ˡ
ԭأڵһһȦ֣֮̽ǰһһƬڰ֮С

֪ڰڶƷ飬תķָǰ˹
ˣ
һâҫڰֻʮ΢ͬе򣬲ΡΡʱϨ
ţ
üͷһ塣
֮ǰĿܣֻҪת鷨ܽеطڣֻǰҺҲ˵ƷԣеĻҪԿ
ǼģȻѶȴ˲١
֪ǵûþɥ۾ˡ
ǰļˣһ㼼ûУô¡
ҵҪǵĿжѡǽɣ
սȤ
ʦһΣȻҪϢܾòܼһ鼸ûκθãټϻԶͬһʮΣƣ롣
ָٴǰȥ
һâȼ΢ȴڰĸԶЩ
ںϣ
꼱ת缯һ֮ǰȼյĻ棬ںϡ
磬ȼԣ̺ںѡ
ȻҲǶ˵ȼĻ磬ȫͬͨʦˡ
ԲͬͲںϣȻ͵һƷг͵ʥһһ໥ᣬŪûὫ׻ٻ

ںһ𣬻ǿ࣬ҫķܻܽڰȫȴҲ֮ǰʱˡ
Ȼԡ
ںϣҲѪͻȻ뵽ģû뵽ȻԣһЦٴǰȥ

ֱȼ棬ǰںϡ
Ķںϣ˻ѣۻâܷ䣬ҫϰ׵ķΧ
ôĿռ䡭
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֮ǰĿܣʶо÷ΧҲͼסʮףֻҪԣȫ֣ǰҫϰˣȻɿͷδ̫˰ɣ
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û뵽һǿôѣҲţˡ
Ѷҫͷ˺ǿ֮ġ
鹦ҪǶͨˣԺеͼݣ

ָٴ㣬ת٣ǰٴζ˺ü棬͸֧ɫҲ΢΢ס
ȻǿĴҪͨ˶ö࣬ʩչԻҲмˡ

ȼںһ𣬻ѱҫ˸Զĵطûҵͷ
ղͷ͵ûгɹ
ƴˡ
ҧһھѪƴ֡
ںʮŻǰ𣬱ۻĻ𺣣ֺһȵ̫ҫܡ
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ʶĵطȻ֮࣬ѹԿ
ڳɹҲеͬѣͬʱǺ档
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ˣŵԳɹ⵽ʲôˣ
δ̫˰ɣ

ʦһڣŮӶǹλߵ᳤᳤¸᳤
Ӱô£ñ˫ۿɲǺǵģ۵Ȼʵһ㣬۲ȴܹԸģһ鷳ʦᣬҪǷʦ顭
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ܹѧ飬Ԫ񾳣ɶûͱİһ˵ˣżҴҽ᳤ͳ¸᳤˹
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һ۲鷳ֱӽȫƵǼһϣҪʦ鷳ֻǸְҵⲻЩǿߵġ
᳤
ʦ󲿷ֶŮӣΪǵ˼ϸ壬衣
ŮӣĸְҵȻЩԵĶ֡
˵ʵʦҪʦöµĹأͱְҵˣ⡣
ˣְҵֻʦõĵططȥԤ鷳
áӰ᳤˵ͷͻȻһ£ˣǸ껹ûߣ˵Ҫѧϰһ֮Լȥ⿴ȥˣ
飿Ҳѧϰ飿᳤ҡҡͷ
ƲӣǸͲܹġ
ǲѧϰѾȥˣӦϾͻӰ᳤Ҳ뷨һڶʱû˺֮ġ
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䣬һŮӾͼҴ˽
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⿼ˣǽǵĿԼܵܣѾǼѹסˡŮӼæش
ܡԣ
᳤ֵˣ̲סֻҪͷֱܵһԴͨˣΪͷ­ƣ㼤Ҳ޷жôܣ
ܵĸԴͰ첲ȫˡ촽Ůƺ˵Լš
ȫ᳤ͬʱվǲš
ҪһԣĸԴ˵ֱǲܵ£Ƕһɶļһֻһ飬ˣ
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ֹǡǣǡǵҲˣǷǽǵӣ֪ʲô
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ǡҲ
᳤ȫһΡ
һᣬ᳤üǿܻˣһֱûǸ֧ǹὨģûԣܼ
¡
δ䣬˾͸еһһζһˮ漤Сϡ
ˣ᳤ǹᡭˣ
ţһϳ˽ɫɷס


1100 ͵
ˣ
᳤һ㶡
λ᳤Ҳǲ⡣
ǣǹᣬ֪ôšӵվҪܳȥ
λϼæ

û˵꣬ٴһζ᳤漴Ϳ棬ὨϷͬ첱һĶ˦˹ϷĴ۾Ĵ̽Χһжܺ档
ŵµĲ¥Ǳ壬ͣζƺʱ
ǡῪԣ
˿ĭ᳤ˡ
ǹĽȻ⣬ҲֻǽǷཽĺͳһ壬Ҳܲ԰һﵽôģɹ
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ҪˣԼζԵڡ
ǹᣬǵһȱִ죬ϰʱ⣬Ŀܣ˵Ѿﵽ鼶ˮƽ᲻ᡭ˾ͱˡ
ͻȻʲô¸᳤̲ס
Ὠ⣬ʵϻǰѪǼܣǰձġˣųɹɹ
ֻǡ
⽨ô󣬾Ҫ飬ҪжԲ֧ţ
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᳤
ڲǾᣬһﵽôģǡԣҪܣһ뿪סĵطûУôˣ
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1104 Ҳѱ
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ֱ֣֣ɺͳһȺսʦȻһ֯ǣϻصսʦãȻֱӿӽ쿪ʼȺˣûʸΪսʦõһԱ
һλվ̲סǳ⡣
һսʦôӸѡˣûб˴ġ
ǣ̫ðɣսʦãƳԱ֯Ҳѧϰְҵһλ顣
սʦȻʦôɢȴҲû̫ϿҪԹֱҪǻвǲЩˣ
սʦǲƣսʦ˭Ϊսʦ˭İΣ
¶ϲܿͷȻδ棿
λǳ⡣
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սʦòƣͷܿȻͻɢԺôս޲ʤ޲ˣ
ɢˣͲôˣ
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ͣһ£۫˵ͷָڴѶһ㣬һѶϢݹȥ
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Ǹ׸ǹʲôԻУҪȥúýѵһȺ֪ߵغļһ
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ʮԸΪģԼ£Ȼһһȵ۹СС֯ƻÿҪը
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λҪȥЩսʦѰҹ
ҶʦǹģûҪ˺ƤȻ˭̫á
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֣ţ겻пܿսӳɹλΪʦԺλҲ϶ˮǴߣܲҪԺ󲻺ÿ
Ȼ׿ˣҲ˵λʦͬѰٳ֣֪Ϣ࣬Ϊܱ֣ŻҪǿ
ʦǴҵʤӣҲûе¡
İɣ
ǻ£
λת˳ȥ
뿪ЩĬѹֵ˵
ս޲ʤսʦãȻһСط֯ȥ֮ǰ붼ġ
ʵҲǻ£սʦԽˣպÿԳô˻ᣬһЩꡭ
ߣЦ
ţ˵ͷ
ҲԣսʦһԽˣ£ҲúܶףսʦҲ޵Уս޲ʤġ
µȻƢЩ꣬½ףӦòʲô¡ǰЩСһһպҲԴ֪׾ʲôԸսʦҲҪʲôᣡ
ҪǹֶεҲˣҪǸֹƻ󣬸աߣһҪϱʦãúôֺȺ֮
һսʦڱˣսʦλ湻ġ

οŻеһ˪
Ѿ˵طں˽н桭
һᣬ۫ȡѶƿһۣͷ
ղ뿪ĳµѾݵѶϢ
߳µһὫȺˣֱӵҪѯʣ׷ʲô£

ã˵ͷ۫˵Щʲôͼеٴιâһֳһּ
ͷȥ͸ղһֻһۣȫֱһ
㡭զˣѵλԹȥǶ
⸱飬ɷڶ
սʦõλԳԷˣδ̫Ƿ˰ɡ
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촽£۫ǲţµ½ǡǡҲᣬʱˡ
ۣ
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¡½λʮ飬ôԼȥҲǸʲôˣ
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λͬһȥҪۿλкħ
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ãͬʱͷ
˵ʵҲЩ֣ΪιȥսʦҪ
뿪ˢˢׯ԰ӶȥܿϿա
쿴Ƕ桭
ûǰͿµ½ˣɢȺУǰ߸ǰǸֻʮꡣ
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ڡ
ղŴѶĵ
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ȱæȥǵڸʲô
˰ֹ֣סҪȥˣüë¿ȥоһ䡣
С£ʵȭҲ֮޷ʤңΪ̫࣬ȭҪȫľһ㱬Ӯң

С£
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ã
ʵѹƵʥ۷壬µһȭϢ
ǡµǿȭսҰ
Ҫùˣ
µһ֣ǿУ˷ȫһ
䣡
ȭͷһ
ಣ
µɶ
ȿȣûסôˣ˼ͷ
ˡ


1105 ʱ
أ
ײǽϣͣ˼µ·˻Ȼˣɫףȴ˷ܵطų⡣
ȭóľȭͬ£ѹ˵һ𶼲Ƕ֣ǰͲ󣬶ȭգȻﵽ˺ŵĵز
ҵȭҪĽ
ȭվµ̬ȳϿҡ
սʦõĵΪʦԷСΪҲȭѾʤ̡̫࣬
ȭȱһǰ񡭡µĲӦ˺ܶ似ɣ
ǣȭ似42סµΡ
ǰͱ˵˶ȭ似ʱ򣬴Ժڣ
ں࣬ںһ˵ľޣѧ̫࣬ͷɢˣԴʦȭҽӽһʱ䣬ڲͣһУŽ¯࣬дѧ42ףɢÿһϣܻѶ೤ʱ䣿
귴ʡ
⡭˴ŶʮɡҽŰˡµͷ
Ҫɫһ죺ȭʱ䳤̵⣬רһרһ⡣ȻѾᣬھͽνںһγһȭ
л
µ˫۷Ź⡣
һʮָµ
Ȼţղȭʵ̫ˣͬ𣬾ϣҲֵס
Щеˣһ𾪡
λ꣬Ͳ󣬿ȭʵ̫ˣǵһμּϲ֮С
µѧϰȭżᣬǡ½أ
׳µΪλѱ䣬̲ס½ڵĵط˹ȥ
ǰ棬һŮҲֻʮӣȻûɣȴһ㣬ʮ
Ůͬ½˵ЩʲôĤ
С½ǲ̫ѤˣʵģҲˣʵǿʲôãѤսУҲǺŪһߣ˾úǿ󣬶ǿУһĲֵ
˫ֱŮźɸֵζĿģ˿ٽӽˣ䲻⣬䲻𵽳ʤЧȫŪӰˣʵϹͻ࣬ô򣿡
ɣ㽫Ϊѹ͵ıҸһҲʥһ۷壬ʩչұһΣ
Ůŵ
ã
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½óġӰ
ǰӰӵޣԳ־ŸӰңֲʵѹΪֳֻȴҲʮֿˣ
ʩչܽ⡭
ͬҲǶ֡

ɫأԵͷ
ΪѹƵʥ򣬾Ѿܹʩչʥ似оӰսʦöʮͬû취ƿ
׼ãҳˡ
˸ոп꣬ǰŮһͺ˾͸еǰһиӰ˳ȥգ۹ֻصԭء
žણ
æȥ½Ӱɲʧ±һͬϺףڴڵŻˮ
ղŵһ£ŮһŻĸûס
ˣ
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ĵȻ˾С
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ÿ졭ҲǶ֣ﲻߴͽ̡˰죬½ڻ˹ٴοǰŮϿҵıȭ
˵ʵ֪սʦõĳԱԸᣬҲԸϢʮַŭġ
һڵ鷳˼ͨѧԱ󣬽ڳµԼǰλ˳
ͬԼ˾Ȼһжûס
ʱ򣬲֪ǿ̲סҪѧϰ
Ҫ󣬿죬죬죡ֻҪٶȹ죬һж⡭
˵ͷŮ͡
һᣬ½
ԷĽ⣬ǳֱָıʣһéٿȻ
Ϊĵоˣû뵽ȻһŮ湻ġ
ип˵ЩʲôԶĳµĺ
Ҳˣһɡ
̧ͷȥŷ֣˲֪ʱѾˡ
֮ǰ뼫ԶֹԪϵϢû֡
ǰ˶ս⣬ǺţǸ˲֪ٱһ룬ѧϰ
½Ҳ˳
⡭
һ顣
ڿУ˿Ҳõʲô˿һﱳ˲˵ʵزסֻȫ
սʦñĵ֪˭óҿѹΪһս
֣پᣬǰһһһǹģһתХ֮
ٲսʦõ˶ˣȻˣǾûʲô˵ģֱӱ԰ɣ
ɡ
̵µ

óȭǹ֣Ҳѧһʱ䡣
ԱԸһսʦ϶û⣬Ըģֵס
ղųµ½֣ǾԿ⣬û취ŽλԺ״˹
ã
Ϊֻаʥ۷壬ΪѹƵͬȼ

ǹһֱ̳
óĳսʦǹûǰǹâһ㣬Хһּǿѹȡ
Ȼõǰʥȫ֣սʥһǿߣδܹ⡣

ܵСХǧءսʦùǿľУͬ𣬿ֱܹӣ棡
սֻܽѣΣȻ˳룬Ӳ϶ˣ
Ҳ࣬ȶܹȥ취Կ

ȫͷ
¹ʦõλܵû˿飬һ֣ǣѹܴͬ޷⡣

Уˡ
ͬһǹһ̣жྫȴ˲˿Ϊٶ̫죬ǹĳȶ˼֣һĹѾǰ

ܵХصɢǹ⣬Ѿͣʺǰʱ̽ȥ
һУܵܣ
ǹҿ̫ˣˡ
ɫףܵ彩ֱ
ȻǱղУͬ޷Ҫƽ⣬ֻʵ
ʵǹҲֻҳȱݣżöѡЦЦ
ǹ˰ʮ꣬Ϊõ裬ܹͬʤû뵽һɽһɽߡ
ҡҡͷܵ˹֪ǹˣ
šϸһ£һ棺ʱɣ
ܵ


1106 
ܵˡ
ΪһӶǹ֮У˰ٶꡭԷʱ䳤ҲˣϾÿ츳ͬЩóЩ˲óû취ȵġ
ؼǰˣóȭǹֻʱͽԼɻܡ
⡭ҼǲˣҲпܳʱ
Ƥ鴤ʱιȥЩ˼æ͡
Ϊӭսʦõսӱ֣˽УԺޱڡ
Ϊʱִ٣ѧĺܿ죬ѧϰǹʱҲ͡ʱ
ԣʱЩһʱһ
̫רģˡô벻ء
ᡣ
ðɡ
οԼһ䣬һΪѣܵؿڷڣһѪҪ
Ʒຣһսģ
ˣһǰ
Ʒüͷü漴ͷ
ˣոս꣬Ϣһ£ɡӱ
ʦ㣬óƷȭЩӽóȹɣ
û뵽ӱҡҡͷ
ҸպʦѧһƷδ֪Ҫһ¡ӱ
ʦҲˣҲԡ

ˣôôûȣմһӦϢ𣿹һսô죿ӱü
ղǴһֲûһսԶûкòãǧ֮һûãͻָˣҪϢ

ܵ
Ƶ
ʦˡ
꣡
ص
ǻţûء
ô˵ǶսʦǿߣӣûаǷ
ûҲ
ʦ㣬˵㡭
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ʼɣ
һ˷ܣӱƷຣǰҵƷѧ˲ãδ˶ս֪顭
ģѾˡ
ຣͱĿҪըˣǰ˵⻰һû˿棬ֱӽǿľʩչ˳
¡¡
ƻûǰѹĿը͹ڡ
ʥ似ƣ
˵֮Уޱȣƣ̺ʩչڻ
ຣƾսʦãǰ

ӱϰԵĶһ£ҪƣͣһҧʦڵƷʩչ
ħƣ
о˵ʦҲǸѧϰãδսо
˫ƽ
ಣ

һҺຣ˳ȥڿУѹƵΪڽڻָͣɫס
ĲѧƷû˶ս
ຣؿڱۡ
ǰ·ϣʦ˵ѧһƷҾѧһ£ͦ鷳ģҪ飬һ˼飬û˼ûʩչ
ӱ
кܴȱҪ飬ʮ꣬ﶮʲôУһʱ䣬;û˼ûô
û˼ôǿƷû˼
ຣؿڸˡ
ԷֻһУƷɿѧоУ
ǰŮȻ˵ͦ鷳û˼
Уԡ𣿡ʵ̲סһŵʵ
ȻԣʦݴȣӲ˽ѧĻھͿԴڡӱЦЦ
Դûô鷳ҪҪͶ롭̫ˣ
ӦòʲôľУȻԷѧҲûʲô
ɡԴڣ
ຣɫһף漴ɫأҴڿʼᣬ˭Ȱ뿪Ҹ˭ƴ


ȹԸǱȡ
˳Ĭһᣬһǰû˵ͼˣɱɱĶ˺λСѣҲͦģҿ˰ɣ

ż
ǹ鷳
ôܰ;ϣ
ȿȣˣˣҲߣԺ

ֹͣߵеȫˣҪͶˡ
ðɣ
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ղʩչĹľЩѧӣȥѧƿ϶ᷢ裬Уˣʲôʱ͵͵
λСѣ֪Ժںδ
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Ǻãˡ
˵꣬ٲͣʣµļλҴ뿪
һ·ۣʱ䲻·ɻսʦõĳ´
ȫһĬ
ιȥûѧʧλʮֻʣӻм˴ʱҪ뿪
֮ԺսʦõķȺʵšû˼Ȱˡ
ԽԽ
£ô
˰죬̲סһܡ
ᣬȷй֮ǸӦԺ״ɣȭ
ǰһǵһοͬȭµܵģǹҲܵȻһ֮У
˵ʵҾƷһл®Ұһݿռ䣬޷ӱ֮С

λ۷׷ס
ȿȣ
ؿڣˡ
ΪʲôпϵĽ飬취ıĿǰ״һһݣ˫۷Źʲô˼
ѵսʦõĴвһССѧԺģ
ˣɢ˰ɣ
֪ʣµļλȭǹƷ壬ʱڿ϶벻ð취˰֡
ǣ
λͬʱ˳ȥ
ܿ찲ֻʣһߡ
սʦʮ֮Ϊصĵβ
ô

бףʵҾãսʦ˵δزһ£ε
£
ôòأ
ɷϣս⣬ȷ£ĶܽԴ۹սʦãʵԽŵ۹սʦãҲֻʱ⡣
ε
⡭Ҳ֪ǿ⸱ģôܼսʦãҡͷ
ʵܼ򵥣ȻģҲˣֻԺһˣսʦáЩҲͲƣεЦ
⡭ͣ١
Է˵ĵʵսʦã᲻⣬һ
ֻǡ
ºѰɣ
Ժǰ벽ϾԪǿһλʦԪԲһĵǸѹΪͬҲȻûܹսʤʱҵλԺ֮ȶԼսʦΪԼٺ٣ͬ⣡
εĿһ


1107 
ĵǸطԴսʦÿʦܹͨ˵ģٲ壬ѳɹ
üͷ
Է˵Ĳһ޳ĵطͬе֣Щ죬϶Ҳսʤ
ĵսʦصĵãΪ̺µħܹͨˣõʦµطУͬ𼸺ʤ
취֮ǰҲǹֻǿ̫ˣܹɹģָʵǿ츳˫ҲóȻȥԡ
֪ѣû취ӣʮ֮˾ŶǸᣬʱԴսʦã»Ϊ˿еЦ
εЦ
Ҳ֪ǲɵ񣬵ǰ־棬ѾƵǰ˲òˡ

̾Ϣ
ڵ鷢չԴ۹սʦõսʦΪԱֻʱ⡣
ƾӰĿǰѹסϢֽסʱˣһͳȥսʦһһȵ۹ѧ֯Ȳϡôȥ
ͬЩսʦãЦ
οͬȼսʦýᣬѾüޡʱ򣬾ֱܳʣ
ѾΣյıԵˣֻܷһ
εȰο
ãԣһ˵ͷ
սʦãڵľ治ֹ̫ۣͨĵˣȻΣգȴΨһĽ
ʦ᳤¸᳤ѣҿԴȥǣֻҪǿϳ֣ȻԪԲǿͨħˣҲ̫ѣ
ε
Ǿεˣ
ͷ
ʦֻǸְҵǶԪ꣬ȷżʧӶԿħʱ򣬲ױƻ
ܶ벽ϾǿߣϾʱʦæܿϽ١
սʦõͳƣ벽ϾǿߣͨϽٵĿԣֻʮ֮һͨʦܹͨĿԣֱӿﵽʮ֮
ˣʦְҵ˻𱬣Դ۹ĹӦ
½鹫ܲҲλ磬ӰڳһĴ塣
ΪʵԽǿħԽأʦְҵܹøӾӨԲ󣬵һ֮á
˵Ѿƣʦ鷳鷳
ʦܲĳǿУҲвʦרŸʦ佻á
ˣְҵսǿɾսʦãҲҵ
߰ɣ
εͷٶ˵һǰһ˳ȥֱʦȥ

ʦᣬһ˼ĸ᳤һĴ
֪λӣγƺ
᳤
Դӽʦᣬڣû˵᳤֣Ҳ
š
˵֣ͣһ£һЦȿȣǿ
˼ҹᶼŪˣûǱˣȻҵʦѧԺԺôѧǰ̧ͷ
ԭ﹫ӣ
ϸһ£᳤ʼûսʦã̲סɻ󣺡﹫ӣӦòԴ۹ʦõ˰ɣ
ҸԴ۹áͷ
Ŷ᳤ͷʵ빫ӹղҲ˵ˣ㽫ǹ飬롭æѱߡֱӼʦᣬΪһԱ
빫᣿ҡҡͷʦǲټġɣҿ԰ѱֻǡҲ̫Ӧô
飬ֻǸ⣡
֪ǸӣǹĿܣֻҪѱᶼˡ
ʵҲѣҪʦæἤǩԼɣ
ǰλʦᣬ᳤ҡҡͷ
˵ʵǰλܹûָ£ƾ飬ɹʦ츳֮ߣƿŽ
ϧԷʦ
һжȻһܲ
ʦᣬȻҲӣ٣УʦŮӣӾ츳ҲΪĸ߲㡣
ã
˵ͷ򵥣
ͶԷ˵һΪɹ⼫ǿĹУֻҪԸ⣬ǩԼӦòѡ
Ǿʦˣ᳤꣬ЦЦһУǻǳȥɣǩԼҪͶԷƽӣ϶ǲеģ
ǩԼҪ壬ڹġȻ̫ʡ
ٴηɳ䣬ڿС
ǰĽ
ԼһҶԭĽֵ˾޴ѺۣܵƽӵûӰˣֻʮʵߣڿУ߿
ƺҲܾ棬ô޴ĹᣬôͻȻˡ
ڹͨһԡ
λ᳤һЦ̧ͷǰĽУʦֶΣеԽйͨ

ƺĹͨζһ£ٴ̧ͷ
ţ
˿ʼ֮飬ǰλ᳤ǩԼ
߹ͨԣ빫᲻ԶĵطһɫߣݺݵĿеĿǺ⡣
˵ľˣˣ
ԱҲǸߣƲֺüëбüĴһ̺ۣԴɺ죬һ۾
һҪɱˣʬΣȻͷ֮ޡɫ׵ߣҧ
Ǽñ˫֮һ۵ܣ
һﱻһȭˣԽԽߵλ˹
Ǽñ˫۵һλ۲裡
ʥԪ۷ĳǿߣʵǿȻҲڼñд
İɣҶ֣˭Ҷɢ֮أ
һüëһ壺ղҲˣһＫпλʦһССʥһزʲôնɱһλʦǿԴ۶ȥͻᱻʦ
ʦ衣
Է˵ǸǼģǸǼģ⣬ҲֻʦòܴǿȥٱҶ֡ͬܵƲã
ʦó֣˵ǣ½ϣûܹܵˡ
ʦΣֻҪʩչطĶ֣ʦҲ鲻ɣ
ҧ
ʦ϶ܹһʥһصСһӦûǻ˴ۣ
ߡ
ֻҪɱˣܶأֻҪʦ飬ȻֻܹѵĴ۾̫ˡ
һ͵ϮһȭܻˣλӦòͣ뻨Ѿ޴̽飬ԶԶ
طҲ֪ǵõһλǰָ㣬ŵԳɹģʩչʱҪԵİκδšһᣬػ취Ǿã
ŵ
ط귽ģһżõնɱΣʤ
ˣǶ˲ܳưԼñ˸ǡ
İɣ
ܵͷ
ţ˵ͷ̧ͷһۣطֻ׵ķΧһЩҸεĵطʩչ


1108 Ź򹫻
طȴҲƣ׷ΧʩչЧãҲ
˶Ԫ񾳵ĸ֣ѹϢգ۹򣬾빫᲻Զһ䡣
ɣ
һλãպң˿ٴοе۾
ã
ܵ˵ͷĿܡ
ʩչطʱ򣬲˵ķʮֱƶҪ˱
ϥڵϣ˫üȫһڣüɺĵ̣̱Ѫ͸ɲ
̣
һɱ¾Ϣüð˳漴ԪһĶͷ·γһССļ̳
̳͹죬⣬ϳ͵ҶеģһģһֻС˺ܶࡣ
̳֣˿
ԼֳطʵǽԪ񽫶ԷĻǾйֻҪɹԷͻ֪ޱȣ۷ʦԲ
ˣ
ת̳Ϲâ˸һӰ棬иָĹ춯еٻ
߽Ļ𣬼̨ɢƵĹâӣе֡
ץסˡ
ܵƣסԷ˷ܣæԪ񣬽Ļ̳
ء
һʱе˲ԾԷ꣬һɽûаƶ
ݺ
ô£
ɻ
Ԫ۷ʵ͵ϮͬǿߣҲɽǰʥһأôôأ
Ҳţ
۾ȣٴμӴ

þȫеںʦԽйͨ
ԣúǩԼĽԼ뷨ݹȥ

뷨ʦһ󼱴ٲƺЩܾ
ǰģȻҪ䳼ˣʮֲ⡣
ţ
Ȱ˵ֻһƺӶҧֺʲôһ͵һקûüϸͿǰĹᣬЩ
꣡
һʱڵƶ׵ľ룬һ𣬽ɱĲҺ
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ЩϤͷȥͼ֮ǰԼһȭɵĵܣ˿һֵĿǰǰһſڵϱ޴Ӳȳ
ʱûƶ뵽ôĹ˻죬ûӦͱֱӲ
ݺñɱ۲飬Ȼһӵ
ˡһ顣
֮ǰ;ô󹫻ܣ϶˵ˣ˵ݲݣû뵽˲ˡ
ٹ˲ǩԼһʹ޵ĵܣǸ⡣
ս˼һ٣ԼѵĹᣬֽ˼ֳȳһʵ̫ùˡ
ڰ˳䣬һѵġ
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İοܸ˫۳죬һֱ˹
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¡
ûǰҵķһڵȻȻ¡
žߴ
ܱݺݲ棬Ͳһֱӱͬһͱ
㡭
üͷһ
ӣ̫˰
ȻԼ棬ɱˣֱ޿ˡ
һУ˹ȥ
¡
ڿγһ޴ӡֱ
ŭίվԭһҶ


εʦ˹
߷Уε߽дѶ
᳤˵ڹᣬæһʱ飡
ݣεüͷһ塣
սʦǰݷãȻҪǰѶ֪ͨȻȥһˣҲÿ
æüͷһ壺˵ֻҪ֣Ը⸶κδۣ
üޣϿȻսʦɨأԷʱܹæٴۣϧ
ãָڴѶϣƬ̺εüëһ˵̫æˣ϶ûգ
λ᳤أ

λ᳤Ҳһ𡭡
ε꣬תͷ
һ𣿵æʲô飬˵սʦãԸǽְֻԪ񡭡
һ˦䡣
õģʡ
֪ػε˵ͷѶȥƬ̺ĵƹâһһּʾ
֣εһӿеȥ
ôˣ
ü
˵˵
εЩ͡
ڿˡŹ򹫻ᣡ


1109 鷳
ԭأЩû塣
Źʲô
ᡭͷһۣεȷϵݣڵ
᣿ʲô᣿Բ۾᳤ˣ
ǣǿŹԼĹᡭ񣬺ʦᣬɹ˹
ε
飿
۾Բ
ȻʦȴҲ֪ôѶȣȱˣⶼɹλʦô죿
˵һλʦǿεŵ
ǿҡͷ
ʦ֪Ĳ֣࣬δš
ˣλǿﶼɹȹԪ񣬻᲻Ч󣿡۾ͻȻһ

εæͷ
᳤˵ʵôĹᣬλǿȻܹ˵ְҵϣȻǡ
Ҫ֣ͨˣõУεΣ֡
ȥ
Ǽ˲ͣЪӿٶȡ
ʱ䲻ȻʦߴĽڲԶһУһŭָŶԷǳ⡣
ǰߣίĵ޳Ĳӣʱʱþ޴ͷ­һºߵ½ǡ
⡭
Ȼ˵ʦᱻϢۿɾ𺳡
ôĽͣŤӣͿĨɳӣһ˾㤡
ؼǡôĶȻһɦŪˣٰʾãԵһίε˶Լ̮ˡ
᳤¸᳤᳤ǰεܣսʦ

λʦǿæ
ͬһǣȴһֱûݻĳ
˼䣬ǰȥλǿʦδ
յԴǣ֮ҵ괿Ϊٽ飬Ȼ𵽸õЧ᳤
ǰλʦʵ̫ǿ飬кܴѹ
»Ҫͻ᳤ˡ
æͷ
ҺҲǸʶԷԸ⣬Ǿû취ˡ
᳤Ӧһ
ˣ᳤ûһ£λǿʦΪʲôҪŹ򹫻᣿һεʵ
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ȻɹˣҪѵԷ
ʦᣬձ飬ûʲôжղֱӲˣŭ᳤Ц
ˣεͬʱһ㶡
ǰñ˫۵Ĳ͵ܣˡ᳤ղŵϸ˵һ顣
ñ˫۳ɱû뵽Ȼ
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ϴԴ۹ңȥΧ˹һΣˣ֮
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ڸпǰĺǳ
ˣװίˣ᳤ǩԼɣ
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С޲ֱ˲
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ÿæ˰֣һѸģɱˣԺҪˣ
ñ˫̫ãɱҲ๼İɣʦᴦɣʦ赣ģ᳤ЦЦ
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Ȼɱνļñ˫ۣԷȴԼӦã๼ҲڼԼйⲻȥ
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ԷȻдҪ󣬻ǵ˵ͷʦģǻᾯΧ·価Ҫ⴫
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һ˵Է϶֪Լݣ֮ǰ˵ǿ飬ͻᱻ𴩣ʱΡ
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ԷȻ˳ϿҵܹԼæȹԪ񣬲ʲô֮Ͷѡ
ȻǰǣȽԴȻ˵
⡭
һۣεü
ѳ˯ԣ֮ǰʦҲ̫ףؼļһʩչп޷飬ǵ£ֵ󲻵á
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ģպ͹ǩԼһҪϤϤ
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¸᳤᳤ҲںԶ
֪£ôأ
սʦҪԼ˵ҡҡͷһӣΧγһĽ磬˹
˵ǸսʦãЩ鷳ҪԪøӴͨĵħ飬ѸʵӦΣաȻ鷳ԡϣʦȰ飬ֻҪսʦñȻƴǣ
ҧ
鷳
һ㶣漴Ȼ
ʲô飬ʲôĵˣսʦż
鷳ˣδ̫˰ɣ
һ˲䣬ˣͶء


1110 ǿ
սʦãԴ۹սǿĹᣬʦöȲ
ǿȻأĿƺʲôص飬붼ÿ£
ȻҪѵĻ˻Ϣ϶ִˣûϢпܳ飬Ӧֻ鷳ⲻ̫
֪ɷ񷽱͸¶һ£ǵʲô鷳䲻ţΪְҵģܹϲ١
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ʦˣ£սʦҪԼֻϣܰȹԪҳɹͨĵħԡ
ѯʣɫһ죬æ֡
֪˵Ĵ鷳ֻһһȵ۹һȺγɵ֯϶ᵱЦ
粻˵ˡ
⡭ðɣ˵ͷ
ѧְҵʱ԰ԴָʲôȻԷһλ˿ڣȻþܾ
лʦӦǸмǡ￪ʼ
顢ȹ꣬Ҫ԰֮ǰʦᰲķڹᵽܣˣ϶ˡ
⡭ͷ
ǰģҪȶҪһʱ䣬飬ûɹҲˣһһ﷢ٽսʦҲҪԴ۶Ҳȥˡ
սʦĵӵиŵ󷨣ȥ
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ʦỹҪΰ
𺳣аԴĦ֪ܲ飬һܹɹһ϶ʦҪ졭
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εǰ·ʱ䲻ĵķΧһߴĽǰ
ͨڣأͬһ֪࣬ʲôϽɣԶԶȥӿ죬ƺʲô˳
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۾ͨԪһ˲˾ͽ붨״̬һɮ

۾һ
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š֣ȻԼ似ͬս޵УҪľǰλ˲֪Ϲǲ˺ܶࡣ
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ս£֣ŵһвռϷ磬ͻңȻȻĳָָ©
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һȦԷ
תʦĹһϸߣԷʶ
Ʒ飬ͶȹԪ񣬷ͬǰֻҪԵĵطȼ֮𼴿ɣȹԪɾԷԪڲС̽Ѱеȱݺ©޸
ҶҪµĶ࡭
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ôͬӦÿԳܵס֮һ
𾪣һԵ̾
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1111 ôһ
ҶǳϾڣȴҲܹϽ٣ﵽһֲΣֻǰ벽ϣԪͱĻҪǿӾȷǿ󵽿¡
ˣͬҪʤҲܡ
˷ʥ⣬ɹʥټͬ𡭡޵У֮ܳһѾʦУΪĴˡ
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ʦתʮ죬ž࣬۾ͼεվͨǰⲽʱʱ￴ȥż
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ǡ㡢ôˣ
Ӱģεһ飬һɵԭء
ߵǰҲǰһڣûιȥ
ʲô


1112 
ֻǰˣһĴÿһһ㣬ͷϻһɺɫ񣬱ֱ𣬰׶೤ͬһƶġƣ
Ҫòû̫仯滳λǴӳħģʵ̫ˣ
ʹ˸ħͨ
ôձһ㣬⸱ģ

εæӭʹͨҲԲа
ħͨǿģģ̫Ӱ죬һ֣⸱ģǲǾûͨЩ벻ĵԲˣ
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ңô֪
û뵽Լһ㶡
治֪
תȥ
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ֻԷƨϣһǶ䣬ʺΡ
ƨϳͷϳơ
ͷ㲻׶Է⵽ô£ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬һ鴤ѵղŸĲǱԣǡֲģ
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һ飬ͻȻһֿܣȻõֲַЧͬˣֱӳֲԣԲŻ󡭡
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սʦԴ۹ŵ۷ĳǿߣһͷƣԼĹʵƨʻ
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üëһǳ鴤Ԫ̫ǿ˰ɡ
˵Ԫ񣬾ֲԼʶ϶Ҳų⣬һﵹãֱѹһʱҾȫںϡ
ֻѷǰĨɱܽһ⣬ڶںˣôɱ
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˳ԷʶԴˡ
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ߵõǿ̲Զֲﲻ֪ٱȻ˷ܵزͣ
˼̧ͷȥͼͷϵƳԽߴˣƨϵĻĸӽޣԶԶȥһ޴ֲĴԭء
ǹʵԽԽ࣬ɽ档
ʦа취
ٴνԼʶæ
ԭҵˣνҪ롭
Ρ
ɶ¡
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Щ˼
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˵ժһʵһڣЩֵĿεûⶼһʱˡ

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ͳˡ
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˵ֲﵹҲˣؼˡ

κŷֲ֣ȻĶҲ˽ɵԭء
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ţֲԪΨһĽֲԵĹֻнĥ𣬲ܳ׽

ԪеԲ𣬶Էͻһֱţֶûá
ʦĹ˿æʵ
ҡûУͷ
ʦᣬ飬꣬ɴûйĨɱԵģˣȻ֪ȴûжӦĽ
һΣѵҪһֱⶫȥ
ǵãи취α꣬ʱڣָ
룬õЩȫеȻ㶾ҩȥڵΪҲܵƣҲ˵ҩЩֲ޼󣬲ٳǰǣҪΪõԽ࣬ͳԽ죡
öҩ
˿ĭɫף鲻ԽĶһ¡
ֻ飬ͽŪҪƶҩҳԣ˭֪ᷢʲô
ǾᣬͬʱҲЩɻ󣺡ƶҩѵһλʦ


1113 ɫ
ʦԽߣԽ˼ɵˣһЩ͵ȵĶʦѧͽݣ̫Ӱ졣
ƶ԰벽ϾǿҩĶʦ˵Щˣ
ٶҪﵽ۷弶
һλҽʦҩԸҩԣƲҩ治ġ
ʦǴܳϵģλսʦ
ǻˡҡͷ
ҽʦܶҩ֪ĺܶ࣬ͶʦһְҵÿһҩĵĴ䣬΢ԣͿܵԴ䣬ǼҩƲõġ
ȻÿһҽʦʦʦְҵҲû塣
ɲԼöԷʵ顣
ؼֻα겻α
һ취ûˣε̲ס
һʵֲˣһʱҪʦʵ˭֪ʵǵûҪϡ
ҪҪôӣ
ʵһ취ǡδܹӦ
ͣһᣬ
˵
ܼ򵥣Ԫҽȥ̽飬ҵںϵֲԣȻĨɱ
սʦһۣĬ
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⡭ҡͷ
εܳ׳Ԫ񣬸οһ׵İˣ
Ǿû취ˣǡٴһ뵽һֿܣû˵ڣҡҡͷ
ʲô
ǣóһЩɱֲԵĶҩ취Ԫ񣬵Ȼܲܳɹֻܶ飡
ŵ
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ţεæħͨͷ
⡭εüƬ̺󣬻ǵ˵ͷã
˵꣬Զͨǰһͨٴγ֡
˵˵ͷ˽ȥƬ̹ʧڼǰ
λʦսʦõˣΪҪħͨؼǡ滹ǣĵĴС
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ħͨͨսʦĥľõģǵʽģ̺ĵĴУֱһ˽ȥҪʲô
İɣħߴУֻͨħ˲ܵõʵ޷ɣһʥһأܹɹ
ҡͷ
⡭ǣ
εͷ
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ߴе²öǣڵҲұ뾡ϵܶԸǸνᣬӭսʦõսԡҴ㣬ҵԪ񣡡
ȥ⣬ɫصĵ
ԪҪ˼СΡκλͬʱһæȰ衣
Ԫ˵룬ɲģвͿܻɢǧðա
ȰˣҲ֪ΣգˣŵͨһĻ죬ħͻԽԽǿ󣬴ӶΣգʱҳ֣ҲܵͷҪĻ̹ħ޷˺ҵԪȻҲûΣգβðһԣ

⡭
ͣ
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Ļʴȣ̽ԼԪҲͲʲô
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ֻҪӵ㹻սҲΥʦ׼飬ѣʲô
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ΪԼͣԼСѧϰˣõѧ˭
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ǽܹħ˼Խ࣬ԽͨħҲԽࡣսʦΪսľһ£ֻλħղȥľԲֻͷǽڳǳɫ
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ˣÿһմ˲֪˵๼
λǿͨˣǽһֱǳɫ˵ΪֱҪģȫԶԪ񡭡ҪǱɫ϶ͼı죬һͿնɱ
εĿһ
š
κҲ֪Щͬʱ˵ͷ˵ͻȻͬʱɫһ䡣
ֻǰǽһâ˸գ۹ī
ɫ⡭һͷħ
εĿһ


1114 鱨
⸱ӣκҲһ۾ɱڡ
Ǽɫģɴδôģϵī֭ˣ
ѾǼ񣬶Ǵʮˡ
û뵽λǿˣ̬ҲܳϿңȴա¡
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ǷŭͬʱεҲЩ¡
ҪղŴӦһﳨԪˣȻ
εκ׼һ£һһֱӶ֣ڡ
Ŀһ
ǣ
λͬʱͷ

߽ͨ·˲һռ䡣
ͷҹâյͬ硣
Ǹܱյķ䣬ûͨҲûг·ǽϵŸָͼ
̧ۿ˹ȥ
ι״ħ֣һ˸֮ࡣ
Щħ֣еֳֽƣеʱޣеĸ˵ͷΪɷǧٹ֣˿һۣ;ùĪ⣬ɡ
ħͨü
ӵмǸţΧ˸ӦһԼ󷨡
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ЩһǽϻһģŹ֣١
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ʩչطʱ򣬱ӲԪ񵱳ɢҿطǿһħڡ
Ҫɽ٣ٻ϶Ҳ޷֣ܵħͨüħ󷨣ԼܷŹ˳նɱ
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Ҳ׻ʦǵõһλǰطߣҵĻɣ
һŭȣһץٴγһ̳һâ֣ƺ̳ʱɡ

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˵ļ̳û
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ô
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ĺҡͷ
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ҳ
ипǱߵĲҧгݣͷ۵ĿҪ
ħԪ񣬿϶ͳȥֱӶˣô¡
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Ҫǲ
һֱû㣬һֱûꣿ
Ҫ
ŭ
ã
ԷƴԼûӦƶҪˣҡҡͷһ׻塣

ʮ״Ļǣ˳˳ŶԷ˹ȥ
žߴ
һƨڲϣλʵٲһħ͵һſڵϣ
Ǹļ̳Ҳһƨ֮£ķѣõǡ
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ҡġ
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ڻˣͬԷһƨ
ҵ˸ʲôĹ
ÿˣħҲûôסҡͷ
ħ״̬࣬˵飬Ҳ
ħΧҲģһɱ
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ΧħģطպÿԿƣôֻ࣬Ҫһ֣Ȼնɱǰλްԡѩޣ
ţ
֮ǰֵħü֪Ӧԣĵһˣü̳лꡭҵĶط


1115 շħ
˵Ǻˡ
ģס
ּ̳л꣬ǽʦԪ񡢻ץ̲ԼԪֶμΪ˵ŵ
̲˼ǣһͶǡһ֣
ü
µĲӦǵģӦ
Ϳʦսնɱʬըķ顣
ΪѴﵽѪĵزȻΪֻҪԵ㹻ɿ¸ͺ񵱳ָǡ
޷ӦڣԼǺˣҪ»ָʵֻܰɣЩѵĲ֣ȫѼ
֮ǰһֱûϢû뵽λ鷳Ĳ飬ȻͶһ֡
ˣܹⲿ֣ҵʵ϶Ǽ
ã취ѻ꣡
˵ͷ
ڵˣѾ׳ʵӣҲкܴô
ͺ˽ֻһ˲£Χħڲĺ£ӿ˹
ħ಻ͬõĲʶָĻ˾ʧ
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֪Ҫ߲ΣΪʦֻҪҵģ԰ܿʵĿꡭ
ľҵĻ㲹䲻㡭

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ħͣһһ¡
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֮ǰЩԥħʱȫһȭͷɫǺ졣
ʦںħĻʵ̫йƻˣħҲЩⲻס
ҪԥҪɣԼǿ϶ܹûô࣬ɣҵĻǻøǿ
ơ

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ղŵһĻһ㣬Щ㱡
ͷȥĹȻиƿΣ潫Щħշˡ
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ΪǼٵģƿܵбӡĶףġ
ľб仯
֮ǰʥٵʱ򣬾ħľ̶ȱһﵽ23.1ôħ᲻ᣬЧ
æȡԵʯһۣһ顣
ô
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ˣЩħģܹƻɹľҲûκΰҲ֪뷨˴
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ľ
ķħɵز޹ħԪ񹮹ԲʵҲǿ
Цſ˹ֻܿסħţʸѧϰܹ˵Ѿ߱ʣȤѧϰ
ûȤ
ߡ


1116 ޸Ĺ
ʸͻħ󣬻սʦõĸ߲㣬ĿľΪľûȤֻһ˵ΪԷȻӦζû뵽ֱӾܾ
ûȤ㴳󷨣ܵʲô
ˣأ
ĵ߾ѧؼ治ѧЩɣʵ
룡ҡͷ
ûħ׹ɣֻܼħԽѧԽǷˣȻɵӲѧ
㡭ﴳ󣿡߲á
ΪħľΪĥһ£ħ̫ˣȫûЧҰ׸һ˵ʵЩɨˣ
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ħһλԵõģڵġ񡱡ˡฺ֡ã˲Ծг١
ܹľ޲ӣһʱڣҲֹͣ˼
˼򵥣ħһ֣Ҫʵ̫ˣսʦٲ塭ܿѶȣǰ굹ãֱ˵̫
ģһ
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ħǿУȷʲôʵֻʥһأҴôʱӦҲûôװɣ
Դá
һӽ󷨵ڣʮӣȻǺܿˣҲû˵ôɡ
װʲôβǣ
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ı飬ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ󷨣Ŀֱôţھ˵Ȼܹ˵ħȴҪߵĲɣڸʾľǼٵģ뷨ȻҪǵһ⣡
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󷨲ħֶ̫һֻҹϵ©ԹƻһߣĹӵоţ϶ǵڶ⣡

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󷨵ĲߣȻ֪󷨵ȱݺ©Է˵ʮȻһû
Ҳ˵Էͨ˴󣬻󷨵ıʿһ
ѹ־ʮӡԷǶԿħ󷨵ȱݺ⡣
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ܽˡ
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֮ǰĻɣǵɢͶء
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ÿ
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Ҫѧϰֻʵ㹻Ȼй¶ȥǵýẦˡ
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νľʵǽԪһ㣬Ө͸ʦԪͬЧ
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Ϊ˵õԾ˿ͷĿֻΪսʦս
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޸ϣֻһ۾޸ˣ
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ΪͨǰҲѪûгɹǰλֻɨһۣݶûпѾ޸ˡ
ǵĿʦҲδɡ
ţ
΢΢һЦ˹ǺͰôҪ뿴ĻھͿдһݸ㣡


1117 ΣգΣգ
Ǿˡ߱ȭ
Ȼǰ꣬˽⼫Ϊ۹ͼʶҲһȣô죬Ϳ޸ĹǾЩš
Ҫۿܹȷϡ
֪뷨ûж˵ǰһץڿγĻ״Ķһּǰ
޸ĺľ
⡢⡭
һᣬ彩ֱǲţһģջ֣ͬȴѭ򽥽С󣬲ͣľҲֱԽԽǿ
о˲֪꣬Ϥ˹ԷĶĵط࣬ȴо˼ꡢǧһֱָʣԴͷ˸Ķ
һû˿ʼȴǰȫͬˡ
ǰսʦʸڡͨһʮ򳤣¾ķˮ
˼һЦ
ȷǲɶõľȻô󣬵ӱܹĻܲԼĶ̰壬ľϵȱݵõֲӶԽԽǿ
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սʦսʦм
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λ߲֪ȥˣйԽԽǿػѡ
ľǿ󣬲µĲӦεĵɣ
⸱̬ȣ֮Ũ̲סڡ
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ǣˣʵǶ̰壬ΪʵﵽԪ񾳣ʸֻʥһ۷塭
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˾˿˿䣬ûĥľĶ΢΢Щʧ̧ȥ˼͸еһݣϺëȻը

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ָҲһٶâ׷֮ǰĽһʱŽ
ղѾԷʵҪǿ٣ٶԪ۷ڵʵϣ϶ֵסȻˣǾԶ٣
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֪ڻǷɵʱڿУٴһ̤͵ϴܳ
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һŭһ޴ӡ
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ΪԷȣԴߣû뵽ԷôͷӦһôӡԷǷӦٶȣսʶƿֲ
㵱ʦԱ⡣
ȻڲǾȵʱ֪һӡУȻˣһܣǰܡ

գ۹һǽǡ
˿̣ӡҲͷ
ƣ
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ƺʲô޴ӡǱˮе㣬˲ڿС
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˽߳ŻڵĹ켣Իᾪȵķ֣һֱֱߣûκ
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εκҪʲô
תڿ˶ˣüëһ塣
սʦõλ֡


1118 ʦ
Щá
ĺȹԪӦԴ鷳ԷûӦ۵ҲˣȻֹ
ҪǷӦ죬Ȼˣ
ѵսʦãԴˣ
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ǰλ꣬ʥһ۷壬ȴѰΧˡսʶսӦ䣬ǣԶԶ
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ⲻֻĵƿ
ʲôԼ˵㵽кĿģ
𾪹εһߣǰһһĶһơ
ǴĵݵԴƷƿ

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ߣ
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ͨħͨܲܽط޸
Ҳû̫ϣ
Ϊζû뵽ԷλʦָˡЦҪɱԷ


1119 
ˡ
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˵ԷʵΣ˵޸Ԫ˺۵ֶΣ͹칤˲˼顣
ӵҽˣٴﵽ۷壬ӵмߵĵλϣô͵ϮԼ
οԷ˵ĲɱˣƿĵͶˣûҪϻ
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ҲǱΣŹͨƽʱ׳ԡ
ǰλܹͨˣ˵ľȻﵽĵزǾ㽫ؼóԼҲҳԡ
ȻһʼеջԽԽǿ鲻Խȥֻ߻ħһ·ߡ
׹ȷȱݣýţǿȿһ
ЦЦһץǰ̳һĻһּ˸
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ɣ̲סѧϰһУٷ֮߻ħɣôط͡
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һᣬԽԽ֡
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һۣɻ
ʦľ˰죬ʵ̲סʵ
ţͷ
ɡ׹ľ㣬Ǻ죬
֮ǰĹȷë˵ͷҾò̫ãָ˸ģͨҲˣ
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սʦֻúɣ鲻ԽĲ
׹Դĵһֱڣ޸ģˣǰλʦӽĵͨҲʮӡ
ʱ䣬˲ϰͷħ˴С˳˸ġ
㲻ǿЦİɣ
սʦ
˵ľ͸ˣؼô죿
ǰ׹ȱʵ̫ˣľǣͨ˲ͨ˶޷⹦ҪŻʲô壿
ҡҡͷ治֪ĵĿʦΪҪһŷ
һ˶û취ĹսʦãҲˡ
ϧҼʶǳܽȱݶֻ޸ͨȻЩǴպɡŵ
ڵˮƽߣҲֻܸĳ
ȱݣóѧϰ˵Ρ
ǰڵģ棬ȻҲȱݣȴֻ࣬޸һٻоŴñѧЩ˰
ʶǳ
պϣ
սʦһ¡
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ʦûˡмʶǳǲҪһͷײ
ؼǡôĹôͣУмһˣһ㣿
ôҸĵĲԣǷǣλʦѾԿˣû⣬ŽĵĵһȨ͸ҡ
˵ı죬Ϊǵģ͵
ʦ
𺳣ͬʱȻ
֮ǰһֱ֣ΪǰλһħͨƿĵԭǿʦȨ˳ȥ
һ㣬ҲԿԷ޸ģû˿󣬲Ȼʦô
ʦϣڿȨټиʱ˷ѡ
񲻱Է޸Ĺʱ䣬̣
ô޸ĹʦѵóĲ飬ǶԹ⣿


1120 
лʦ
𾪣ȴҲ֪Щʱˢˢ򹦷ݼ
׹˶ʲôʮ
ԷõУȫԼأ˵ԴΪ׷ߣһõĲƸҲԴΪʱҪ󡭡ΪؼκǶӦ
Էûô
־ͽ˳ͬݽ桭ľݴȣĪġ
ЦǾȻɡ
ֻɫǺ죬˺޲еطȥ
֮ǰһֱã˶˽˽ǲܵġǰλףʦ
ˣڡʦƺš
ʦԴ۹սʦãд֮ҲǶ˶аʦ֮꣬ӽ󣬵ǲʦ÷ǣǣ
ľ˼飬ȷ˶ûκ⣬ǰһɫرȭ
Ȼ׹ĵĿʦǰλ޸ĹҲĹ
ѧϰ˶ԷĹҵ֮ʦ֮꣬꣬޷ӵġ
ô˵Դսʦãǩһ޴飬һһһЩССݣĨɱ
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ķħӰ죬似ս⣬ȷкܴ
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ѾĹˣڸԼѧʲô
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ӱԼˣ󲿷ֶᣬսʦþսʦ϶ҪԿѧϰľܽľϵ©ٳֱʣýҲø˳һЩ
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ЦЦ
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սһε˹Ĵλʦƾʥһ۷ʵܶ˵ֹ˺ս֮ǿƿֲָǵսʦ᲻ǵʵʱڻһأ
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ǰλȻֻʥһأսͶս⣬Դﵽ˷˼ľ硣
λͬ¶ȫǶ֡
ˣȻǿ٣ҪϳָĻսʦõʵ϶ʱٴδ
ʱᣬϣҲ¡
ȻǺð취սʦãѾƽ޹˶ԷôˣΪǷġʵڹⲻȥ

ε뷨ãһֱͷԷԸ
˵һһȵ۹ѧԺսʦӦˣȴһʦæ˵ȥ˵ġ
Ҳǣ
뷨εٶ˵
ܹӦͺá
Էţ֪׷ʶˣڲŶԷͷʵ˵ʵһ󣡡
ʦ뽲
æ
սʦãʥһϵĹɷһģԽԽãƿڣҪɰٴѧϰ

Ṭﵽʥһ۷壬Ѿһˣ꣬ﵽ˼ޣҲͻˡ
ôʱһֱһ۷壬붼Щˡ
ʥһϵĹսʦõȷӵУû̫ࡣ
ҪĹһµ
ࣿɻ
ʦãֻҪǣǧ򱾣ʲô˼
ģսʦõĹؼʦﵽͿ롣Ǳ봳أֻͨͬһʵҪ󣬲ȡһķ
⣬͵
ʦãֻҪﵽ𣬻߻㹻ĹѫͿԹۿһؼսʦòֹ涨
սʦͬսҪ󼫸ߣֻдﵽ۷壬Ϊȹ̵޷ͨˣȷʵܵõһķؼ
Ȼͬûлۻ񣬺ͻ鸡߼ͬ޵оˡ
սʦãΪսĹȽͳһ󣬻ˣؼϺʦþͲ˺ܶ࣡

׹
սʦʵʦľӣͳһĹΪʡսҲײóĴ
ȻǵĹ٣ȴߣӦö˵١Ҳеģ
Ȼ֪ǰλʦΪʲôҪ󹦷ԽԽãǼȻҪ󣬱ȻĿĺ뷨ǰ˵ùһ鷳
ֹҲԣ֪ҪȥܿõҪôпˣʵ
սʦõĿˣЩ棬Ȼֻп˲ܿȥһ£˳һԼʵ
һֱͷޣﵽʲôˮƽûרŲԹ
ؼϢպҾϢĵʦȥĻҿԴȥ
κЦЦ
Ǿˣ
Цŵͷ
Է˽²ԼȥܣҲᣬȻһսʦãôҲҪʵһЩ
ʦ
κٶ˵кһ˳ȥ
뿪ε˹ɻ󣺡˵ؼܴ࣬УؼԽ࣬ԽԷֱα˼άҲԽ𣿡
ûλʦţºʦѧԺλʦˡ
пһ䣬ͻȻһ㶣ţʦԴǣλʦͳˣҶ˵Ϳֶ࣬š
εҼǵõ׿ʦĻʲôطȡһݹңʱҾֻǸСطԺû⣬Ҳû


1121 
׿ĻֻöԷǸһȵ۹ѧԺԺأ㲻Ϊ⣬ûȥۿµȥˡ
Ͼݵˣκ鶼ԴǿʵҲҪ
뵽λǿ£ֶţ̲סЩɡ
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һɨ߶ʱ۾һɫǺ졣
ôˣε
һϲŭɫͻȻ仯֮󣬱ȻǷʲô¡
ϻ᳤ˣ
ȭͷ
ϻ᳤ҽʦϻ᳤ȻȴڲúʧȥټһΪȻšεҲԭء
ʮǰˣԪ𣬻꣬Ҫλϻ᳤ˡ
Է£źúøмȴ֣ʧȥټѶʮꡣ
ʧ䣬ÿȻڡû뵽Ȼˣ
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ٴγ֣һ鶼Ҫŵ档
׼һ£Ҵ뿪սʦãʱ䲻͵ҽʦᣬ˳ϻ᳤
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ʮûϻ᳤ǵû˥ʵ˲٣˷ܡ
ʵҲо
˶Էļ𣬶ԷȻҲģϻ᳤ĵ˵ͷ
ϳȣڻڻ֮СпһԴɻĿ˹ϣΪͻȻǶ𣿡

ѯʣϻ᳤̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ뿪Ǳ¶׷ɱӵһһȵ۹ŵԲдȻ϶ˣ
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ɫһһɱڶ
ϻ᳤Ʒ֪ĺһʲô˸Ҷ֣ʦáսʦõƤӵ£
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սʦãԴ۹ǿս˵ѾﵽϾˣֻ֮ǰİ벽һĳϾǿ߹ҲԱ֤ȥ޻أ
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лˣж׷ɱΪҲزˣҪһλˣһ޼֮ա
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ǿģҲϻ᳤˵ͷһЩлĻҶһЩܹٴμҪúøл
ڽͼǰ۾Բüͷ̲סһ壺ôˣ
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ϻ᳤Ǽæ
⣬϶ܹϳλϣھԶǾµλо綾Ĺ̡
ʱæⶾϣһ嵽Ԫ񾳣ûΪԽ̣Ȼٴͻƣﵽ˰벽Ͼ
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Ǹʮ꣬ʮᡭһ顣
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˵ͷεϻ᳤Ҵսʦ÷Ӷ

ϢĿˣʵǶߣĺ˶ϢͨһĴܹõķֵԽߣ˵Խʥһ۷壬ʵܹʮϣֱͨӽ⣬пˣ
һǰУκһ߽ܡ
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ǰλƾʥһ۷ʵӲԪǿֹģ˵սͨһССϢˣ
һֱͷûԹպҲ뿴սʦĲ࡭
ʵҪԣǱ˽ĵģһ˵һһԼʵҲ뿴սʦõı׼ˣǰ׼
Ȼ˫ֵʵ֪϶ҪԴ
·ϣѾľôѶƴݸӱˡ
׹޸ĵʮּ򵥣㲻ý⣬ԷӦҲɿ˳
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κҡҡͷȷв࣬϶ǰλսʦ
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Ϣͨħͨһ߿˵˼ûУĻǳͨûӰȴսʦ
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һֻʥһصļһõ͹ʲôݣ
˭棿
˵֣κʵ
ͨ˿̳ʹر״һ֪濼ˡ
ʯƣȺһλսʦȭ
ʯƣСӣˣͻˡ
κ۾һЦ֪漴ͣʦλʯƣսʦʥһÿδȵĹھʵǿʵȻǧ򳤵ļϢ̶ȣƿֲܶʥصսʦȲϡʮǰʹﵽһ۷壬Ϊ˸õع̣һֱѹΪûͻƣҲμκοˣڹǴڶˣ


1122 Ϣͨ
ʮǰʹﵽʥһ۷壿ͷǾȡ
ܽսʦõģ˶ţǿѹΪʮ겻ͻƣͬĻϣԴﵽһŵĵز
һ֮ԲͻƣʵϢļ¼˵ĶԻһλսʦֵĿһۣ
Ϣͨļ¼ǰīսʦµģʮ߷֣Ҫƣûôװɣκü
ϢʮͨǼ߱׼ˣʮ߷֣൱ͨսʦ3.7ɼֱ¡
ˣһֱû˴ơ
λʯƣ˶ʮ꣬Ϊ˲ۣͣȡһٳϢͨԼ֣
ȻκλΣҪϢͨļ¼Ǽѣ˵ǲġ
ǰӦòףļΪɱʥޣɼʥҩԼľ͵˵ΪᴿǱرҡû׻۵ʲôˮƽ˭Ҳ֪ӦòǰķսʦҪ
ղŵսʦɫصĵ
ǰҲҪƼ¼ɣڣ治˵
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Ϣһ׼ΪĹС㺣˵֮ͬ㵹еˮԴԴ׹Ҳ͵ķսʦɹСӿҪƼ¼ˡ
κ
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֪˭˳ˢˢ˹ȥ

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Ȼˡ
֣ȫһ㶣κҲǾ档
սʦļ¼꣬ûͻƣû뵽Լǰɹ˳Խ
ûҵ࡭
κЦЦ
λʯƣЩ꣬ûٻ˼û뵽ȻǸš
Ż򿪣ͼһɫԴҰ׵˳

֣ʯƹȭȻأȴͱǹһû˿
ţܳսʦ´¼ܲκһ䡣
л࡭ʯ˿˷ܡ
ܹƼ¼˵ҲһֺܴĿ϶
ʮ˵ķֵʾͨսʦ3.8¼º˰ɣ
ҾڣӦûܹɹˣ
һ¼άּꡭ

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ܹĿü¼սʦҲкܴļá
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λʯƣʦƵ¼κҲǹ⣬ЦЦ
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ʦҲϢ̶ȣʲôЦ
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û֣һһʯڶ̴˰ɣ
̴һʯڣܵõʮͨսʦĿˡ̴ˣȻûɼ
Ϊܺʯһȫڿͨ˾ͨˣ

ǽϲδʵ֣ȫҡͷκЩ֡
ողսʮӦòѰɣôûɼ
ѵûʼԣ
԰Ȼǽڹâ˸ڲԿʼôʲôûУ
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κҡҡͷ
Ϣͨ˵ȣսǿֻ˵㱬ãԪһܹȡ
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ܺõģܼܿ
λʦսӦҲܿ죬Ҳһ˲䱬־òаȻһֶûõ
ипŴ򿪣Щε˳
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ΪԷûͨˣЩ˼κæǰ
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İɣû£㲻սʦûҪսʦı׼һ㶼û˵ѿκЦ
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κ˵ͷȴ·
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˽⣬սʦȫҡͷ
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ˣԷսʦ޷ͨҲҼǵϴβҪҴĵҿˣֵˣ뿴ܲƳңƵҵļ¼
˵ۣʯƿԶһλսʦ
ҡ϶Ʋļ¼ˣǵøʮӦûѣ
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һֱӺ˳
˾ȣ˶Щ֣ʯһǰôˣ
˵ţҲ뿪Ż˹ȥɫһף̲ͫס˼ֱ


1123 һٷ
սʦ֣ΧȫüͷˢˢΧ˹
֨ѽ
ͨĴűƿ漴ĳ
⡭
սʦȫ˲ӣǼһı顣
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ţ뿪ʱͨģҲ˵
ʯЦ
Ϣͨ˵Ϣݣ˵ʮּ򵥣վڹ̶λãԪþһȥʮ׿ʯ
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Ǽ̶ȵĵطֻҪߣʩչȫƻˡҪŪ϶Ҳܣ
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صķ棬׹
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ǵĲ⣬Ȼʦвٲ࣬ȴʤڹǧģûκ⣡
˽⣬ָǰĿ鼮κ
ʦõ鼮ٶʦԴкܶìܣԲ˵ˣʦɻľҿ
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еĹǾʵԱ֤û⣬ֻҪѡ׼һʵͻٽսԽԽǿ
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Ȼܹ࣬Լעĸ򼫶࣬鲻֪ٲ㣬ʮ򱾡
Щսʦĸ򡭡ȻÿʲͬҲͬȫĻŪûᾫң
κָָߵļµĵã뿴оıɣ
ӦһԷ̺ٱؼ˹ȥ
νĵá򣬿УҪĻǹ

ٱ鼮ѣһɨȫʶ
ȷ
һͺ
գ۹һ鼮ָ֣һ̺֪ʶԺ
ţȻγȱݣ
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ȱ̫ˣؼ˵ɣ
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һģҲͷʥ⣬һȱݣñﲹˣʥô࡭ѽܡ
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۾ĵáϿһ飬Щȱݣû̫㲻ռ
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1124 ̫
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ЩΧҲ֪Ǽһ۾죬κüëһ壬ԴãʦսʦõˣԲرͨ˲ܽĹ涨
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뿪ҡҡͷϢһ£ۿһ¸ղ¼鼮ͼղ˵ʯǰһǰ
ʯƣʦдһ£֪ɷ񣿡
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һֱ˷ѫûսʦսպҲԷʵΡ
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һʯƵ̱˵Ϣҡϣһʵذףɢ˵ĺ⡣

һݣֱǰ˹Ĳضûǰ͸һִ˱Ϯ޿ɱܵĸо
һʮᡣ
Ϣ֪սüɣѹ
ҲһֱӶȫ纣̸ͨо̶ζѡ
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ΧսʦҲˢˢ
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ʮ꣬Ϊ˴Ƽ¼˲֪ٿ࣬˲֪ǿסٴʱͻƵĳ嶯ļ¼ڶԷ޹ؽҪ
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ǡ֪ʦﵽʥһ۷徳ˣŻ۵˻񣿡
ҧҧٴʵ
ȻԷʮңһЩˣط˴꣬ͺѾˣ˿Ҳʮҡ
Էʥһ۷壬˳ʮ꣬ԼҲ̫ٻܰЩš
ʱȷЩ
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ﵽʥһ۷壬һֱûҵصʱȷЩˣ붼Щݡ

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ʱ䳤ľãʵ츳ҲԼ̫࡭
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пǺߣϾ磬Ѿһˣڲͻƣѧˡ
ʯؿڡ
ڶսʦ
ǰ15Ҳ̫Զ嵽ǰ15ļӸ


1125 лʦָ
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пһ䣬ŷ˵ı飬εĿЦһ
ĶǿŪ˵õеšԬεˣ˵ߵӱȻǴʥ۷壬ʱͻơλѧѾʵͬҲﵽʥһ۷ˣٲͻƣŪпܱԷ
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ҲǺ档
ͬһ磬꣬ʮ꣬һʯ鷳ǰλֻһ£ɻʮҲ֪϶Ҳܿٽ

ѯʣʵܼ򵥣⾳꺣Ϊ˵ʱɱʥޡɼʥҩֲ첻㣬£ҴʵʵĽʵϣҪõȴѣ
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ȻҪ˽ǣʵǿˣиļãúߣߵĸԶ
ʦ֮ĺŻѾûôƫִˣֻҪԷԸѧͻޱĴڡ

˵ʦŪģ
վͨڣκɴ۾š
ǣʯƳǰʦ뿪ͳæ
һƻʯõһٷ֡׶񣿡
ǳ˳飬κü١
֮ǰһֱΪλʦսǿ󣬱Щ̶ȣȲͨսʦ˵ʯˡڲ֪뷨Ƕôɣ
һͨأԷĻ̶ȣȻﵽ˺ŵĵز
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1126 ָ
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κԭأͬʱˡ
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ʦıޱֱָģҵ࣬ƺһʦΪ෴׬˴ˣʯƵ
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ǶԷָϵ֢ᣬҪǣղŵĽ⣬ֻ֮ҪúĴȻܹһﵽ˼ĵز
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ľֵóƺһʦʵ⣬ûаΥġ
ǰʦʵΪʦ벻Ҫƴǣ
ʦķʵԻʱڴͨˣ׾٣

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1127 ʮһ
ԭˣ
֪ԷȻ似ĳţ츳̶ȣʯ֮£κ˵ͷʦ¸һ似ɣָѶȼ֮УŵϿǰ
Ϊ֮ǰսʦûõϵͳѵһЩҲˣǰλţҲСɣָ˵似ϵѧ
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ⶫ˵ûãֻԼѶȡ
һ˸ͷŶָܾĿֲˡ
ȻҲ뷨ȤĿǰλ֪ߵغ꣬ҪԷؼ޷ı顣
ֱûȵ漴Էüһθڵģ
ʲô˼
á
Ϳ֪ѶȾ֪Ѷȣ⸱ģʲô˼
ûʲôһ£ٴεͷȥƬ̺ٴҡҡͷˣɣ
˵꣬һģվԭأ۾
㡭
ǲ鲻ԸȸղŻҪţĿҪը
ָȻʲô似似ҲϿǰˣѣ⣬һ似һ㣬е˰ɣ
ɣҲ̬Ȱɣֱ
һ˵ͼǰ꣬ͻȻֵʳָǰһ㡣

ƿУ˺ֽһ㣬иָƺǳתһֺԶ֮С
ָǰһλսʦǰ۲ǳģһָǳеһִĲãҲżǿѹȡ
ˣͨߺ⣬һǳӦôá
λʦ̫ԸϲҪǳ⼸䣬Էָͫ鲻Խһǡţ
ΪԷû似װģζû뵽Ͳ۾һ£Ȼţ
ţǻһʱ⣡
̣
𾪵ĲԣָԽԽǿ֮罫˴ҹɫ֮Уǳʹʱ¡
ǡͨ
˿ĭɫס
Ȼ似żѣһɹĽЩŶ೤ʱ䣿
ʮ


ָʱţ첲ûȫֱѾͨˡ
ⲻɣ
ɣתͷԶκҪʣһﵽʲôͷѧô죬ͼλҲɴ۾һı顣
ԣҲû뵽Էôʹţﵽͨز
Ѿ˳ʶķ롣
κ
ҧ´ʦȥ
ţ
κѹ
λʦ֮ǰûѧָ
̲ס
ӦûѧС£˵ѣƭ棬ͣһ£κ
һλλֹû˵˼ҷֺԷһ١һƺɨϢͨʮʯ
ӦûҪѣָ˵ɣλ˵ѡ
ûѧգ۹ţͨһ꣬Сɣһھ׷ϰɣ촽ͣ
ӦòᡭӾͨСи޴ķֽߣӦûô졭
˵һκδ䣬һУ˳
ֻǰ˫۵ֱֱ꣬һг֣ǺתûֻһۣѣΣʱԡ
Сɡ
ͬʱ
˵첻СɣԷʹﵽˡ

ﵽСɣ۾Լָһۣ̾Ϣһ̧ͷԶĽ
似ͨǽһ似ɵزܽȥǰɣ
ǡ
֪ʲô˼˵ͷ
似ͨҪ似еκһɣлͨȻܳɹ
֣һ£ͼǰ꣬Ӧһ֪ˡ
ٴν۾
ţƤһ㲻롭ھͳɣָҪ󼫸ߣûǰ׼ǿгֲֻء
δ䣬ͼָٴε˳

ǰĿ˲䱻ѹһ˲;ˣ׹Ƕ֮Уһſǳƺ׿Խѹ
ǳ
ҵĻζǡԽ˴ɣԲ⣿
似Ϊ磺šͨСɡɡԲ⡣
˵ԷɺѣԷﵽԲ⡭
ӽӹؼֵزܹˡʮ
λ似ţֻ꣬Сɡ
һҵĴܸУҪը
ˡǲܱȵġ
֪һ£ŵκҪѪ۾
˵ʵҪΪ˴أԲѧЩ״ָ
ں似֮Ȼȱ֮࣬ࡣ
ôȱݵĹ˵ʵδˣžã顣
̫ˣ
Ƕۡ
Ҳû취ҪͨˣȥѰҸʥһعʡİ취ˡ
ҺЩȱݣֻǶЩ˺Ҫʲô֮ģȻ϶鷳١
ˣҪ鷳սʦæ
ҡҡͷе׿
ЩȱݣֻһЩֻҪʹãͻ˺ѣʹӵָƼ죬⵹ǲ
ֻΪ˿˶ѣԺþˡ
ǡǡ
ŴзӦӣҴǰȥʱ䲻صǰʦѾ˵ˣ
似ͨÿ˵˲٣ܹͨĲࡣ
ǰλκԴ似ô죬ȽпˣҲûʲô
ˡ
ȭ󣬲һǰ
պŻ򿪣һһɥ˳һ֪ʧܡ
ʦ롭
֡
̧˽ȥգ۹ʧǰ
սģһﵽʲôͷ԰ӣȺһսʦ˳
Ҳ֪ҡͷ
֪ĸ似ܸ֪ɣ
һ֣ղ˵սʦٴʵ
似Ҳƶϳһ
ָ
ޡⲻ𣿡
似ɣ츳ֻ꣬СɣһսѵѾˣҿӦòɣ
λսʦü̲סʵôͣ˶ã
š
һ£ЦʮŶʮһ


1128 ҵķ

߽ͨһܾվ
һ޶ʮģ뷢ס
ӦǷԼģƵġ
в²⡣
λʦöӦǾͨ칤ְҵȻƳΩΩФĿܡ
ǰ֪¶Ϊˡ
ѡǴָָָܹסҹأӲס뿪
ûκα顣
ã
˵ͷǰһ
ͬʩչͬ似оԵţ֮ۡͼݲãҲսʤ

κʦȥ似ˣ
˴Ϣδˣ̲סԶʯƣܿõ˻ش
ȥ似ʲô
ü
֪ʯҡҡͷ
һ£ղ˵ǡʦһεеĲԾ
ƺʦǶʦ𾴣ʦϵһҵ֮ˡ
ǣʦָҵȸмʯƵͷ
⡭
˶һۣüһʦָսʦôսʦͬʱʦʲô
ܿ죬Ŀɿڴ
һƻϢͨһָʯ䡭λʦ׶Ϊ
ȥ似
Ǻ棬Ҵ似˹
ܿ似ͨ⡣
ôˣ
κһ£æȭ۾һϡû£
ţ
ϵ˵ͷǿʦأ
ŶսͨȥˣκЦЦ
ˣü
ʦҪѰʥһصĹؼϢûֺʵģҷɲڣʦͨ似ͨˣȻȥ۲죡
κղŵ飬һ¡
ʵͨӦáѣ
Ƕս͸ղϢĳź롣
ͨ似ͨˣӦû̫⣬ûҪǡ
֮ǰͻˣûһܳȥһһ㲻ô췴ڣ
ڵģЦʵ
λϲľǶڼо似Σţûܵһȥᣬô᲻ڵڣ
ҲЩ֡κҡͷ
ʱҲЩֵģԷߵ˶˵ˣ˵ǽҲϸ顣
ϷҲóȥôòأţԣѵ
һεпһͻȻʲôһס
ôˣ
⸱ģˢˢ
ҺϷᡭϵܺãҰæħ˵иã似ͨαװɿܣսʦ
һ飬ε
αװܣס
ǰ似ͨǿʩչ似пˣʱ򣬽ӶתܻʱѹΪαװɶԷģսʦս
˿ĭε£˵ֻЦᡭİɣ
Ϊαװɿȥпˣʲôʵ£֪˲࣬սʦãҲλĵ֪һ
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ʦѡʲô似
һ£æһࡣ
һ似ִšŪûɵó
ѡǴָκ
似ǿֻʦᣬȻѧˣס
似ᣬָǸѧġκ
ѧҪͷԿϷǸӣ棬Ҫ֪ѧ͹أԴŭ飬ˣʦҪ鷳ȥֹ
һ£εըë
գͷһ˼Ϊ棬ʦŸѧָжˮƽԪ񾳵ĵŪãᱻһ٣
֨ѽ
ż嵽ͨˣŵ漴Ϳһ껺˳
һߣһ·
ʦû°ɣ
߳˼æǰ
û£
ǣ΢΢һЦ
㡭ͨսˣ
κЩǡ
ţЩܣ񡭡һ٣ȻѪҪǰ֪ˣ̾
Ѫ
ǳ鴤
ǰһͬʩչͬ似ûʤңûУȻشңֻüսʵԽԽߣսʤΪǿȽ˹ȥοܣӦذɣ
ʵ
Ρ
ʵԽԽߣ
˵ղŻȷϣǿܻǷ⻰Ѿٷ֮ȷϣ϶Ǻˡ
似ĿȻʵɡǹ̶ģܱߴʵǣǿαװ
ȥ
ٲᣬսʤһδ˼ҴͨȥУֻһۣȫƤ񶶡
ֻѪĲǽϣϵ·Ҳ񱩵˺粼˵ǱжǱ
ȻϷᡭ
ǰκһ£ȷϳһȡһöҩιȥͬʱ߶
ʱ䲻Եķ˹
ô⣿
һã
ղǲǿһ꣬Ȼ󡭡ˣ

ǰ˵ˣԴָյļΪι̣ͬңʹͬ似սʤ֮£˭֪һҸıΪͻȻһָͽҴˣȻȻ󡭡Ҿʲôǵˡ
ɫһ졣
ָܽ˾磬ϲͶԷһӳָսûԷʵƳ˼ҾͳȽˡ
붼ò
ѽ
ͣΡ
սʦõһʥһصļһ湻ߵġ
һ뵽ĵͬᡭƽ
ˣô֪һˣǸ˭սʦõ˰ɣ
λԹЩ档
սʦõˣ䲻˵ȫʶȴҲϳ߰˰ˣλİĺܣӦòڵġ
æȹԪʦ
ε͡
ʦ
סʦ似ôͬҲǶ֣
սʦ似һΪԴ۹ŵϿǰ
ʵѹΪȻҲ̫ԷһʦͬѹΪûס״衭
ġλʦʦһλʦġ⣬ֻý֮ǰķ£ϸһ顣
⡭
彩ֱţѧʮĴָоĶҪ̣
ţǲǵ˼άģߣҴʶһʦҲ㲻ʶ
챻ɥʧģæ
ţ
ָһ£ŵͷ߳ͨ뿪䣬Ϳǰ似սʦˢˢݵڵأһԶ꣬Ϻ˷ܡ
лʦǽ󡭡


1129 ʥ
⡭
ԼţһǸݵˡ
⡭ʲô
սʦõսʦһ߰ޱȣ˭
̶һᣬôʦˣ
ϣ⡭ʲô
Ҳ̲סǰ
ʦսһЩ似üɡǳɫͺ죬ָͣ·ܴ󣬼ưʦĳ嶯
һЩ似üɣ
š
似似üɣо˶٣ǹ˵˵δͳһλʦֻһЩɣЩ˰ɣ
ûݡˣһѾͷҸսʦϸѯʰɣ
׶ڿΣ޷еٲỹһԻķæǰǰһ
лʦּ֮ˡ
ȻǰλʦıЩòȴûαװֻһ䣬ȷ
㰡ôһ¡
λ̣ھԶǵʱ򣬱綾ĥʱڣɫʵǿҪǳƺԼȷϡ
ʦҽⶾãͻơŴ𣡡ϵ
׹
ԷжȻΪôʱ䣬һѣôܷŹ֣
֮ͶѣҲõҩΪ꣬ʲô
ЦЦã˵ˣκҸղŽܻܣͨ˿ˣӦÿȥ˰ɣ
Ȼ
һ飬κæͷ
ͨˣԽ⣬ǹ涨Ҫͷ˵߱Ǹģսʦ֪˶ˣ֮ΨֲǰΪС鷳
κ󣬺ܿ˲⡣
ߺ˼æΧ˹
ϣ˵λǿ
ôżĿľǣȷһ£ǰλǲǵĶˡ
ţҵľˣ˵ϵ˵ͷ
λʦھԶʶںԶ۹ȫûҪαװݣӦòԺ
Ǿͺá
˿ظ
ôˣԺìܣںԶ۹ǺܴûʲôӼΪôսʦã⸱̬ȣ֡
֣ںԶ۹׹Ȼʵ˳ݵż
ΪʦѧԺԺйܶഫľδκӼô˼ɵˣ
ûìܡŷԼЩʧ̬æ˰֡
Ȼλʦ츳˸ߣ似ôǿҪִսʦã͡ύ
εǰ
⡭գۡ
ǰڣͻˣľطҪ似ȸַ棬Ҳѡ
ǰλʦһ
似øѧľУһָܷľÿʦĸԸľһʮʯʵսΧ£˳ӳ
۴һλʦǿеǿߣͬԵ޵У
Ҫսʦó棬ȴύսʦñȻٲ˱ˡ
취Ǻã
˼Ƭ̣Ͼսʦõˣ棬һϢȥ᲻ᡭǵҲܵˣ
ûʲô˵ģսʦãλһӮˣˣԴ۹սʦáһɹսʦãȻԽԽһõˣǵˣԽԽǿ
ε
⵹ǣ
ͷ
ȷˡ
ҪȺˣȫսʦãԴ۹ֲԽԽǿư˶¡
˵Ҳֻڲ⣬Ӱ֡
ǡأ
Щġ
Ȼλʦǿ󣬵λԺ˵Ҳʡ͵ĵƣ
Ͼֿ֣Գսӵ˲šᣬʱڱôǿ
Ҫ˵ʵš
ˡֻԣˣսʦãȫᣡε
⡭һ顣
Ҳû취ˣսʦõˣ֪½ˣѾܹȥС϶𱩶ʱֻиսʦΪһԱεЦ
ҲΡ
ЩʵȻߣ似ս⣬˼š
ܼУ֮ѧϰȻսʦиʵķԾ
ھ˭Ȩ⣬ҪսʦãӣΪЦ
Ҳգô죬һᣬʦҺ飡
˼˰죬̾Ϣ
һһȵ۹СƳӣ붼Щߡ
ǣ˵Ҳû취
ʦ֮ԸսʦΪ׷ǿսǿʵӵиսɣ˵ǼλЩĶ
Ҫǹ˼սʦϣ϶Ҳȥѧϰˡ

似Ĳ⣿ö似
֪˵뷨˲⣬ɨһۣ۾ˡ
սʦ似似飬֪١
˵ٸ似ǴﵽʥƷģʥƷµĸ࣬
Щ似ħƣܻ۳
˫۷Ź⡣
ȱٵľǸ߼似ؼô࣬似⣬ٴﵽ߾硣
ȱݣ
΢΢һЦȥ룬۾ǰһϡ

գ۹鼮ٽʶ
ʮӺ似ȫ˽
ȻвʥһءصĹؼ
似۾䵽ϣȻ˸ָʥһءص鼮ٱ֮ࡣ
ءҲУٵĶܹ࣬Ҳ屾ˡ
۾ɨȥͬȫ¼
ȷ
һͺգ۹ǰ鼮ʥءءصġ
æ
ʥعȻȱݡ۾һ˿
鼮ʥصѾȱءصģȱݣû취
ˣҲˡ
ɣ
ûˣʮְóȥҵط˽䣬һΣǧϷ䳲
ۻһͻƣȻֳ󶯾ҪŪԷ⣬Ͳ˼ˡ
ȫһЩ
䳲׼õóһ߼ľŽǧöƷʯУϥ
Ʒʯڵ˵ЧѾˣܲЧȻգҲû취ͻơ
׼׵Ժнʥؼϸһ飬ȫë״󿪣Χ򻺻ת
ʥأʶ˿ø㣬ϸȻ̫ӣ۲΢սܹͬӲ١
ʶ̥۲ܲʼɣ
۾񻺻뵤мһģԪ̥ϡ


1130 
أʥعת
Ԫ̥ҫ۵Ĺâת֮ܵӿ˽ͣɣգ۹ͷγһ޴Уһҵĺ
֪̥ۣʮָӣҵģüë𣬾߶תϸת³һ˿
¡¡
۵̫죬ǧϷ䳲˾һζʮߣһȵĿǲš
Ҳﵽʶ̥۲ʲô£ǰλΪֳô󶯾
һŨصѹ
ۣת£γɾޱȵԪ̥˹
̣
ˢ£޴Ԫ̥ҪʢĻһ㣬չһģĶֳʱ
֪˹ؼʱڣüëһȫѨҲͬʱ򿪣ɿſһγһӰĺ

һͺǰԪ̥˹ȥ
ʥڶصĹþԪ̥̥˺ֻҪλȷ̥ȫɿֱӳسɹ

Ԫ̥ǰݺײһ𣬾޴Ԫ̥ɢҫ۵ĹâתһȦƬ̺ͣ£Ҫ̥ۣٴλָû˿仯
ô᲻У
üëһ塣
ϸдݽģӦ˳򿪣ʶˣôһ㶯ûУ
ѲҲܳ
Ӧð
һ飡
ٴνһ飬ȷûȱݣϸоÿһӣ˿ٴοʼ
¡
ۣڱڣ֪˶ã͵һ̧

޴Ԫ̥ٴһתɺ͸ղһͣû˶
⡭
Щɵˡ
ӿʼڣһֱ˳˳ˮδֹ޷ɹôζûɹ
Ӧð
ûȱݣҲ㹻
һ飡
üë𣬼
֪˶ãͣڴŴһЦ
ˣûдҲûֻҵԪ̥̫ǿˣƷʯȲ
ΣҲ׹
⣬Ԫ̥̫ǿˡ
ʥ۳Ԫ̥־ʥٴʥ֡Ԫ̥Ӳ̶ȣƷʥ˿ƷʯҲ㾫Ҫ˺γ̥ۡǲģ
ѰҸ
üģվΧֹͣת
֮ǰȼԽԽߣҪҲԽԽߣ֮ǰƷʯãƷڣƷˡ
ⲻ⣬ʵ⡣
ʴﲻٶҲá
ͺɳٶ࣬Ҳ޷ʯһ
֮ǰ;ƷʯԽԽСˣÿνҪļ󣬱Ϊּܼ𡭡ڿֲˡ
սʦһԣи߼ʯһЩ
û취սʦӦС
ʦãѴĳսţʣȱˣŷĽ֣͹ȥʲôսӵ
һɹڳʺеİ£ٶȣȻҪϲ١
ؼǣľҲܸõ
ֻҪҵ߼ʯӦÿͻڵľ磬ﵽʶ
ȥ
ʯ϶ʮ󣬵ȻҲãܹĻḶ㹻ۡ
뿪ǧϷ䳲ջص似ĴͿӭ
۾һǰãҸպ£Ҫ鷳һ£
ʦĻ·ԸǣֻҪĳܹƴǣ
οڣû뵽ԷҪææЦ
˵޸ľ칦޳սʦã˵ƣֵκ¡
ġҪƷʯ֪սʦûУԸǮ򡭡
ûкѣֱ˵Լ˼
⡭
һ£ҪƷʯҪֻоƷʯⶫǳϾǿ߲ʹõġԴ۹¶Ҳһöֻȥ߼Ĺȣ
սʦҲûУü
ƷʯսʦûУҡҡͷʲôˣһЩԪƷʯͨƷʯҪ١
ԪƷʯ֡
֣δ
ţʹõƷʯֻͨģԪƷʯܹƷʯľȣԶԶȲϾƷȴֱͨƷǿܶ࣬ԱԪƷƷ֮УȴƷӾ

ͷ
ҲдСǿ֣֮һЩֻܲƷʯֵߡ
ģĴԲƷʯʹǱԵҲܲƷʯƷϣͨ
֪սʦж٣ҿɷһЩ
׹æ
ͨʯ˵Ѿûã־ԪƷʯܹ˳ͻʥء
ԪƷʯ࣬սʦãҲûж٣ֻʮöҡʦҪȡö㣡

ˣζۣҹǣ
ֶ̣̣ڲǰôһˣûҪռˡ
۾ͲˣǸպҲʦæܹӦöȫֱ㣡ͣһ£
֪£֡
սʦãǴﵽ˳ϾǿҪԼæʲô£
ϴ˵Ǹ鷳Ц
Ŷ
˵Ҳʵ鷳һλߴģʵȻߣսǿսʦãͬ𡭡ܹʤƣ
λʦѧͬ޷ʤʦȻǿ
ȻǴ鷳ʵֲߡһ٣Ĳ²ˡսʦֲʦãûҪôعɣ
ЦЦ
սʦǾӣҪǻʤҪս޲ˣûҪʦһع
ʵл鷳ȱһ٣ٲ˵
ô
ȿȡˮǺһ£Σλʦ
ʦ°ͣʦȷº֣Ҳ򵥣ʦкܶصģǿսóģƵ֪ѶˡٲУʦ⣬Ҳֱץߣŵؿߣ
ʦĻ̫֣ҪڶԷҲкֶܶΡ
ʵߣҲǸƷʦּսǿΣʦõλߣҸʦ;ˡ
ôɣ
ͼˡ
ҡͷԷҲ̫֣ԡʦǳսΪ࣬ʦֶΣȻܹսʤ
ǳս򵥣
һЦһţͬսһûģһǼһˣ


1131 ʶ
ڵʵԴ۹ܲʲôͬϣӵоԵš
ܶԷ˭˷Ǹֻ̬ҪΪ̫ܴ࣬Ŀ޵ٲҹ鷳
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1133 ȶ
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1134 Ҵ˭
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ǰԷֻҪ֪һͻᱻ̳ȡûáʮֿ£ѵͷ
׻ʦȷԷֶΣ˵ͷ˵ͼκҴ˹
ˡ
ˣ˵ͷʦǺɣ֮ǰ˵Ǹ鷳ˡ
Ҹպ뿴ʲôˣҶսʦ鷳ھȥ
˵ͷ֪ڲϸѯʵʱ򣬸ڶԷ˳ȥ
뿪ʱ䲻һ޴Ĺ㳡ûһ˷ܵغ
ʦǵ㡭Ѿˣ
תͷȥͼӱ֣Ҵӭ
ˣ룬ȫˢˢȭ᳤
ţãպҪһλǿ߱ȶҲԳûĦһ£
˵ͷ
ţҪҪ˵һ£ˣҲѧϰһ£һ뵽Էڷģû˼ڡ
ãҲͲ˵ˡ
䣿ʦҪ˭䣿ӱɻ
͡һ£ʣ
һ£תͷһЦ鷳ĸҴ˭


1135 Ǵ鷳
Էֻ˵鷳ڣû˵鷳˭
Ҳ֪Էֻ֪Ǹʵǿͬ޵еĴڡ
Ȼͬ𼸺ܹʤ޵УϾ򲻹ͬǿģ϶Ҳڴڡ
ˣʼգûԷеĴ鷳Լ
ϾһԴ۹ͳˣսʦõˣûôܳΪԷ鷳
Ŀ鷳СսʦúӦ
һʵͽ͵ٵ͵ĺˣԴ۹ȥһʦᣬôﵽϾĳǿôɣ
ˣǱʶû뵽ԼҲԼ
һ䣬λֵ˭ͼλϾͲͣ鴤ԭػ˻Σʱˤ
˵ʵĶˡ
ǧһֱӰսʦãζû뵽ԷѾǵӪҼսʦ˶ѧ
ţҵһǿߣս֪Ѷˣսʦõ򡭡
ڵãϵ׶ȥˣŷ֣λǿ߾ˡ
û⣬ѡ
һѪڿУʱתͷ˿ϣȴҲᣬһ±ơ
֮ǰһ׿ڸԼλľˣԱ֤ġ
ڣģԷҲûŪ׵׷ʲôûŪףͱ֤
˲ǳ
֪ˣȥ׿ĻҳҲֳô
ѫԭˣպñչأ˵ҪǿսӭӽûлȻ֪λʦ
ؿڣúʱᴭ
һֱᣬ˼һ᳤Ѿڲˡ
ĺۣ
ǡԺҪ˵Լǿ
Ҳ̲ס˳
˲ϲ£Ҳϲͷʮֵ͵ʦעĿ𲻱Ҫ鷳ȡ˸˼ܼ򵥣֪
û뵽Է˵ҪԼ˭ʳ⻰̾Ϣһһ»縡Ƶĸ״̬
̫ˣزס
εĵطɡ
ۣ
⻰ģãԷ⸱ӣ⻰еѪҲ̲ס˳Ӳˡ
㲻ϲ£ϲͷ
ʮֵ͵
͵ð
Դսʦãʱ䣬ɹʮڵкսʦѧˡ
Ҫ⼸죬һֱڴأƴͳ߶߲
ÿһδأ¼ƵȥŪ˾Ҳе͵
û˱ߵ˰ɣ
ôˣ
λϾǿߣû˵䣬Ѫ̲סǰҪæ
㡭
һ޹ȻñĿҪը
ʵ˵ʵҲλԺ
Լܹȥ˼顭˼ҲʶԼ֣ʲô
ؼǣԷӦԼ鷳ҲǺĺ⡭
ֻϧŪ档
û£ֻǲˡ˰֣ܾĲ鿴Щģ
ǣʵڲ˼²ǿֻǾǻҪǰ˵ݣܻɺܴţЦ
˵Լǿȷ鷳û˵Ϊ˫Ҫǰ˵Щ˼
ðɡ
ɫǺ죬Ӻ
ɫȷ̫Ծü㵽ôˣղŲúõѵ˵λ鷳Ѿˣ
Է֣Լڸǰûֶ֮ǿֱȻţ
ȿȣʦ˵Ǹ鷳ָľʦ㣡
һεҲȥˣٲ˵Լ»
ңһ㶣Ǵ鷳
ǰ
һ֪εЦŵͷ
˵鷳֮ǰûսʦãҲûǰ
һͷˮ
Ҫˣεһָӱˡ
üתͷԼλӣǲãָʲô飿ǵսʦã
ǡʦǳ⣬ӱһ죺սʦһЩսʦع涨ǰܹǱԣһ٣Ȼ󡭡ҪУѧϰڵ似սɡ
£Ŀľǽѧϰⲻʲôü
ֻ໥໥ѧϰˣֲɶ£ԡ鷳Լؼǣλô˼ɵ
ȿȣͨսʦλҲʦ֪ʶܺãᡭ
ʦףŵ
Ҳˣһ顣
ⲻǼ벻⣬ϵսʦõ
ѹֶԷٴСû뵽Լͳ죬ȺСӣɳô飡
ˣ
ǡǲ֪ߵغսʦúǽȴձ࡭ԵսʦõǲǲʦҪеĶˣԵ޹ʣ˼ԸⲻԸ⣬ͽôսʦ£ᣬֱƽʱĽ̵ٵӢ۹ԵԺѡ
ӱˣɸ֣Ĵȡ
ﻹûսʦ˹
⼸һֱأЩսʦҪѯʣȴû취ڣ˿̼أվҲͲסȫ˷ܵˢˢݵڵء
ʦ
ӱ
֣
ˡ


1136 ʦܲ
ԼӱȫȻ
ٴοͶء
ʦʦԺԺ
Ǻٸսʦ˲֪ٹ򣬸ֶȫʩչŵɣãֱܵսʦܲսʦΪѧˡ
۽绹ǿ̫ˡ
ɫֱˡ
ǳˣôһĻʺ˵ڡ
˿̵Ҳúᵽˡ
ÿǲսøǿҴᣬҿԽһ¡
˰֣
ǣ
սʦͷ
ǺúúǽúúսʦõѶѧϰȻսʶսϣʤǣ似ȭƷľԶԶ磬ҪŬ

ˣҪսʶϣսʦ˿϶ȲҪ˵ֵǰ߾Ƕ֡
ԶѧԺĵ̻̫ˣսʦȻȣ۴һ棬˺ܴһء
Ǿˣ˵صˣѾˣڻ˲
ҪЩܵý͹ȥˣ
˵ͬǿûȤұһ
뿴սġ

սʦߵһ
غλ£ϢϣҲ֪һЩһȵ۹֯ѳ˺档
֪ʦ̵ģ˷ܡ
ܿ죬ԾͱԼ
صһսʦͬʵͬ飬˸仨ˮ
֮ǰЩԶԶʤģ˿ǰҲŲС
ûԴڣӱ˵õ裬潲⣬Ҳջ񼫴
ټϱսţʱ䲻ȴʵ˳Ľ֮ǰһֹ
Ըᣬҡ
ͬô죬սʦ˷츲صı仯ҲͲס
Դ۹սʦã꣬û뵽һ
ǰĳ֪ҲȰ費סɥʹ޷
Ϊûսʦ÷Ҳˣȴһһȵ۹֯׼ЩԽܡ
ʵҲþɥ˵ǵǺ£
ѫ֪ʱ˹
һֱչأ͵Žᣬչû뵽һͿһĻҲ𺳡
һλʦ棬ʱȻ򣬾֮С
Ȼ֪ʥ飬Ṭ飬ĿһλʦǰԺսʦãԽչԽ죬Խͬÿڣֻʱ⡣
£
ε˿
ǰ׿ȥμսӿ˵λ֣ʦ״ѧ
ѫͷ¶˷ܣսӳɹԺսʦõλ½ţңҲˣ
⡭һ㶡
㣬֮ǰûϸ롣
ɲսӣܹѡΣսҲ֪ԺҲΪһλϡڣսʦþǼᣬ˭ҳЦ
ѫ
˳Ĭ
˵ȷˡ
ʦ½Ȼ֣Ϊʦ
ΣֻҪʵǿսԶ㣬ֵðʦǵᱻ˳Цܵء
ʦݹʵ͵Ϊʦ
ݱԼΪʦˣ˵ǡԼУȴƫƫҪװĺɻȴȥʣ
λ֣һΪսӣõսʦĴУΪֻʱ⣬ˣǼ룬ʲô˵ģ
ԺΪϡͬԺ
ˣ
˿еĸ⿪ٴοԶ
һֻжʮˣȻսʦãĸԸĳȷ¡
ʦҲ򵥰ɣ
һп
ǰʦʦ˵ʵȻﵽĪľ硭ѫͷ
üһ£ѵ
ô˵λʦ
Һǰʦ˵ʦܲһλʦŽʵﵽ˷˼ĵزǣλʦ׽вͲö֪ˣ

ʦ˵ĿǡսʦųƳյͯǧսʦε
ȻԷδ˵ʦУǶദ˼ܹ֪꣬һЩϢ
ͯǧ۹˶ĳսʦһ˫ƣѹ˻ģһս֮Уɱˣ롣
ţͷ
ͯսʦʵǿȻ˵λʦʦѹᣬдʵ츳ʦָ㣬Ժǰ;Բ
ѫ
ǰ֮ͷ뷨ʧˡ
ζȲϣΪλҪȡ裿
ˣֻԼԽԽԶøԶԶֹֻǰ

߻ĽᣬǱҲæĽͷö
֯ô򵥵ġ
˵Ҫ£һڿΣˣ˷ܣ㡣
ЩܽȭƷԼǷĬúпյʱ򣬴ȥ
ΣѴڣֱסսʦãӱ˽һ䡣
Щ죬ԼѧϰҲ鼮һܹͨĹȻǹˣֱӴڡ
ǣ
ӱ˵ͷ鼮ܿ콫еݼסһģ١
Щؼһй¶ȥȻ⵽죬Ĭʦúսʦӣᰲȫ١
ʲô׵ģʰɣ
Ǽס
ӱˣæѯʡ
һʱ󣬶˶еݳ⡣
˿ǻصסͼǿҴ˹
үʦ᳤
᳤ʲô
ü
ѵ᲻͵͵ˡ
ӦðǩԼˣӦòɣ
ɣ
Ȼ׶ԷҪʲôǰ˰֡
ǿ˳ȥܿͿ᳤һ긾˽
λˣʮӣźͨϴ˲ӵĸ߹ƣûǰøһŨҵѹ
ǿʵȻ
ͫһ
㲻ۣ֮ҲܹԷʵͬѰոͻƵҪǿ١
Ҳ˵ǰλٶﵽʥأϾ
ʦᣬʲôʱðôǿˣ
ʦŶʦ
ɻ᳤ѾǰЦſڡ
ǰλ뵽սʦõʱڸǰ֪ĺֻû뵽츳ġʦȻǴӺԶһȵ۹һλԺ
᳤ÿô˹Ϊ£
䣬ʵ
ʵҽʦ鹫飬ϱܲܲʮӡλǾܲרΤϣ
᳤ܡ
ܲʦܲס


1137 
ΤϣԴǲԶͱ˹
ɻ᳤͵
ʦܲܲһԶʥءصʥޣûõķжλΤϣպþڸڸ
꣬תΤϣλҺ˵ĳţʦϵ츳ߣȻﵽ˺ŵĵز
ţΤϵ˵ͷ£᳤ϸ˵ˣ̶̼ʱڣһ֪ƾ飬ͽɹϵ츳ȷǿĿ£
ˡ
æ֣Щɻ󣺡֪ר̹Ϊ£
ʦ˿Ҳûʲôصģ飬ܲǳӣϣȥʦܲ
ҲϻΤϵ
Ϊﵽ־磬ûҪ˵ʲô׻
ȥʦܲҡҡͷ᳤Ҳ˵ˣһλʦʦֻǸޣΪְҵ
ʮǰﲻʦǣʦȻã˵ûκ塣
˵ʵȥԷܲԷʵǶԺķչкܴõôҪж񣬲׬תܡ
ˣһֱԼԭһǰǲǷ̫飬޷رʦĽС
Դȥʦְҵ
ΤϵĿ¶ŨŨţ츳ֻҪܲƿɽΪҲǲܣﵽ־磬½ݺᣬʦҪ֮񲻱νʦҪõöࣿ
ʦᣬȻǸޣûְҵôǿ󣬵ﵽ߼Ҳʮֲֿġ
һʥأΪʦкξ壡
Ҳȥʦְҵҡͷһ׷ʦһѧ޶ѣ
ʦĸ޿ѧȴܵҵ
ȻΥʦ֮ģʦҲܵɣĲȣƽħ
ôżشңԸ㼸ʱ俼ǣһĻᣬһûˡΤü
ˣд츳϶̴ӦϾʦᣬ½ҲŵĴ
ȲʦáսʦȻҲһЩСԱġ
ͷ񰮣£Ҫǣ
ҡͷ
޿ԣҵ϶û顣
شҲ֪Է϶Ҳͬ⡣
ȻѾ޴Ĵʦˣ񲻵ڸʦ˲ţ
ʦǴ½һְҵʦڵľҲܴԴޣﵽǣ̸סֻҪʦᣬﵽŮӣȢٶУֻҪ⣬飬ԴΪҲûκ⡭
Τϼ
ԭӦͬҲܾˣʦŮӣѵܱȱԭŮӸã
ҡͷ
ŮӵĿУûºӡ󣬶ΪǺɫ֮ͽ
Ц
ΪŮˣо޴ջеĻززԷ衢ĪˣˣҲڣ࿴һۡ
ԭ
Τһ㶡
ʦŮӣȻܶҲǾɫͱԭǲ˺ܶࡣ
кܶԹŮӣÿһɫ㣬޲ɷ
ˣ½ܹȢԭŮΪ١
֪ǰλûɹΤϳƬ̣һĶһɫʯͷ
һʯԲ츳ܴﵽʮҿܲõǵʦְҵҲпܣ
츳
ʵ˵ɣֻ츳ﵽʮлᣬɽϧᣬѾǧ꣬ûһλӵ츳ˣ
ͣһ£Τϸô
ڹܣͶԷһμ棬Ӧ˵᳤˵ǰλпܴﵽζҪܲ
ȻὫԽԽձɡ
ְҵְҵҪԼʵȻϰߣΪ˵ĸӹûлȨ
ɽ
ɽķҲǹʯͷǴ濪ɳһɹֱӿӵпȾʦսݺأﶼȥģ
Τϵ
ô
һ
ɹͿӵпȾʦսֱ̫˶ˡ
ȫһ졣
һܱʦְҵ˼˵ҡǼٵġ
ҪˣͲΪνľԪƷʯƷʯˡ
Ҫپж٣ʵҲһһʮ칦򣬻ܴﵽ½۷壬ΪͿʦһĳǿڡ
ǣ
ģΤϵ˵ͷĵĲʯ˹
Ժܼ򵥣ֻҪסʯͷ񰲾ͻԶ츳
ţֽӹ˵ͷ
˫ƽգ۾
˵ʵҲ뿴Լϵжߵ츳
ҪҪ󣬶ԷֲҪ󣬴ȥʦְҵȥҲʲô
ˣ
˲ͽֹˮľ磬ĵĲʯҫҫ۵Ĺâ
ˣ
Ƭ̺󣬹âɢɿơ
ΤϺ᳤Ҵҿ˹ȥֻһۣüë̲סһ۾ǲš
ôˣ
˵ıˣЩ֣ͷȥҲͣôܣ
ֻʯϣ¶һּ
ָ
̲ס
ղ˵ǿʮԼɴﵽ۷ʦˮƽ㲻ʮҲ߰˼ʲô˼

Τǳ˳顣
˻㱨ȥ˱ĹᣬΪǰλҲӦôﵽ˾żôֻǸ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʲô壿ǡ𣿡

⡭
ǾᣬΤϲ֪λشͣһ£һָĵĲʯʯͷļ

Ҫԡ
³ֲ˼Σ֮ǰһǡ
֣üģһΡ
ã츳ڿʯͷ硭

֮ôΪʦҳɹ鹫ᣬ츳ߣǡ̫죡
ˣʹʦˡ
ΤϿЦҡͷ
һŪˣΣҲˡ
λʦ츳ǵãסܹ֮鹫ᣬŻԵɺڡ
Ϊܳһλӵʮ츳ģʦᣬоˣڿ̫쿪ˡ
ʮô׳֣ǹᣬҲڣǧ᳤֮꣬λȱһֱΪְҵĸӹ
ÿ
Ρ
ջԴǵԷǮԳʯͷ硭
붼öˡ
ǹ£ʦҪй¶
˵һ䣬õ׼ȷشΤк᳤߰ɣ
ڶҪ߳Ժӵʱһ
ʦܲʯ


1138 ӱ뿪
˵ӱ
ղΤϵʱڽָ㣬ʲô£Ҳûлرܡ
ոΤóʯͷʱ򣬲֪ΪΣһ̲סֱӺ˳
Ҫԣ
Լλѧ
ֻʱӱ΢졣
ǡҸоʯͷҺһ
ӱͷ
һ棬ΤϣҪͷһˡ
޷
ΤϵͷָһĵĲʯǰŮ˹ȥġ
ӱҲ˵ʯͷģ˫ۻ
ˣ
գ۹ʯͷɢҫ۵ĹâŹâɢȥһֻ֡
⡭
֣ΤһҲĿɿڴ
⡭ôܣ
ֻʯϣְĳ棬̡ͬʮһ
㲻˵ʮôʮһ
̲ס
ҡҲ֪
ΤҲͷ㵡
֪츳УʮߵģֻҪﵽּ𣬾ʸɽΪ᳤ͻȻðһʮһʲô˼
ѵǡʦ츳ͻȻһΤò
ʦ츳⡣
˵ǵĿʦӣ츳ͳʮﵽһĪľ磬ˣܽһɽ飬Ƴɷݺأʦ֡Ϊʦ֮ӵСû뵽ˣ
٣ΤϼɫǺ졣
Ϊҵʮ츳ߣù·û뵽ֱӷһʮһģ
Ϳˣ
һúܹΪͿʦһĳǿ
λԸһʦ᣿
Τϼæ
츳Ǽ񵽱ˣҪܹȥԤԺʦᣬȻӻԻͣٴε۷壡
ҡ
ӱҲû뵽Լ츳ôǿ󣬱ѯʣЩĻţ̲סԶ꣺ʦġ
츳벻ãʦô˵ô
ʦ
ΤϼҴҿ
⡭
ɣٴοӱһȭҿ
ǣ
ӱͷҲ˵ȭֱǰ

ȭ˺ѿ糤ǹһ֮С
ոմڵȭû뵽Ѿѧģˡ

Ժгһ鼮
ָһ㡣
ӱĽԺ
ܿ쿴һ飬üͷ塣
沢ûйʦ츳Ľܣûעӵ츳
ѵͼݣҲ׼ˣ
֡
һۿŵʱоͳ˴ʵϸԬΡκ̡
Ϊӱӵȴûд
·һǺеͼݲء
һ£˵ͷ
·壬Ҳûбעӵо޴Ļ壬ʺѧϰ׻ʦְҵ
ӱҲһ츳ӦǺеġ
ӱϸģҲҪ棬ˣջۣıʣӵֳ츳
˼Ƭ̣׹
ˣǹ̶ģ죬Ҳ޷ȷ㡭
ʵ·廹ӱ츳ֻһ㣬Լ͵ڸıˣı
˲ɲ⡣
ͼݣԿһȱݣҲǰ
ѧҪʩ̣ҪĳɳʱЩѧϰܲͻȻϣͻͽʱöԴѧĽѧԲˡ
һƺץסʲôβͣҪץסȴ׷Ѱ
ʦ
򣬶Τϵ
̧ͷȥͼλʦǽŵĿ
뽫ӱߣԷĸԸֻʵ䷴
ţ
ҡҡͷȥԺиոץסβͣԶӱԸȥ
ѧԼ뷨ܹϵģҪԼľ
ҡӱɡ
ȥʦᣬԴϵٶȻһЩҲһԱ֤ﵽôߵľ磡
¶ǿš
ȥʦᣬȥĺôߣҲߵĺô
ͿǰŮξˡ
ʦҺһҲΪǣΪ׸
Ƭ̣ӱҧ
ʦ˵Ĳ󣬵ȷҲԴﵽͬľ磬ΪԽߣҪƷԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽȻʦ˵Ϊѧһֱۣʵڹⲻȥ
ܹȥʦᣬΪνۣпʦѵʱ򣬸
žȻȻȥ˱ԭ
֣Ҳˣȥսʦá
Ϊʦյĵһѧһλ״ӦΪʦ롣
ҵѧô׸
ҡͷ
һദ˽ӽһ꣬ĸ顣
ԷԼ׸Уȴˡ
ǣ
ۿһ죬ӱͷ
Ҫȥʦᣡ
ͣһ£ӱ
㵱ˣҺγˣ
λᣬҪɳҪڷɡǰΪҵ꣬ԺΪ㱣ݻ
ΪҵĶʦ
Ȼ˾Ǿȥɣ
Ȼ
ûвɢϯ֪ѧչ߷ɣǵ˸ǰɾԸᡣ
λ״ȥ˱ԭ·ȥ׻ʦأԬλ˼壬κȥ˶֣ȥսʦܲ
Ѿλˡ
ڿλҲҪˡ
иõķչΪʦʵΪǸеοġ
ֻǡ⣬뿪ЩԸᡣ
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磬յĵһѧӱ뿪


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1141 Ժ£
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1142 ԸΪһ֧裡

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ܿ죬һӯӯһݡ
λӽ컹һΪ衿Ļᣬ֪λҪڿԳ۹ˡ׼50ƷʯÿμӼۣ10ö
һ긾߳һܣ
Ϊ裿
⡣
ʱĳָæɾµĿˮΪ㵥衭ܹۿҺӹһҡ˷ˣᣬģҪ򵽼۸񲻷ơ
Ȼ
ʦȫʩչˣкܴĸɣһֻһ޿ɺǣֻû뵽ⶫ
һˣ׼50Ʒʯֱ£
۷弶ʦ˽̿ΣҲֵôǮ
ҳ60
70
70Ҳ˼ڣҳ100

̨һ֣ʱ䲻۸ͳһ٣150ƷʯһĹӶá
Ȼôߵļ۸š
ںԶ۹ʱ춪ˣ׬150öƷʯ˼һ֧ˡ
ǲԼҲҪһ£תԣ
ƾԾְҵ⣬£ӦñǰλֵǮɣ
ôۣ
пϣתͷһĳ衣
һΪ˿裬ܰ䣬ԿǸȱǮ˵ΪĻˣΪβ֣
ȻʵӵĶ裡һȻ
ӣ
ţ쿴ˡ˫۷Ź⡣
תͷȥȻ·һһŮշ˽
ŮԱƯĸãͺززȣȻ˿
ؼǣϴһɣŨķ糾ζʱ˹Ȱӡ
۷弶ľʦѹ֣
ǰλȻǴﵽ۷弶ľʦѹôΪ֮ԡ

г˼̨µŮǡ
תͷȥͼĿˮĸˡ
ҡҡͷȥ
ò˵λӶԾ⣬ȷﵽ˺ŵĵزһһһһЦȻĸԸ
ֻҪԸ⡭һ赸Խȫ
п
ŶԷڽ˵סˣÿһְҵﵽ۷壬ȻС

һˣٴοʼˡΪ衱ʱ䡣
ӵĶ裬׼500ƷʯÿμӼۣ100λ뿪ʼɣ
긾˵ٴ
ҳ600
800
1000

Ӷ򣬹Ȼǿ̫࣬۸գ۹ͻ1000ƷʯĴء
һǧʯֻΪһ裿
ҡͷЦҪǲǲǷˡ
ڸпλҳһöԪƷʯ
һöԪƷʯ
һ㶣۾˲Բ
ԪƷʯսʦãҲֻʮöǰλ裬ֻΪ˿裬óһö
̫ݳ˰ɣ
ΪҶ裬ٴҲֵõģ
ľȣ
ٴҲУ
ǳ˳飬һ£۾һվһţˣʯҡԸΪһ֧裡
衣


1143 Ƚѩʦ
ûˤڵء
ҪӶ裬һүǣ˭
ҲûôصĿζ
ʦ侲һЩ
ززȥˣæһѡ
ߡɶҲŶͷһΡ
֪λʦ̺ܵͣû뵽͵ֵز
ղλ蹫ӣˮǿеı

Ǯ˻һöԪƷʯˡ
ӣǺ⼸λŮɣҡ̫ڣ
ɫǺ죬蹫ſڡ
ϧʧȥһδûᣡ
ҡͷ
֮˵ЩһʱȣǸղתۣ֮Ĺ۲ˡ
λ蹫ӣ竲óһöԪƷʯʹﵽʥأôֻǸɫǻ֮
Ը⸶˴ۣȥԷһ֧裬˼ʵȴΪ޲ϵȱݣʵһ
޸ԺԪ񾳣ͼûκοܡ
ǿ㣬˵ҪԷ衣
̨µλǾʦ޸ϣǲ˺ܶࡣ
ֻҪӦԼ֣ӵмЧϧûϧ
᣿ˡ
æҡҡͷ
Ƕ죬Ҳȷ
һöԪƷʯļ۸ȻһǧöƷʯһмУձá
ãķžͻ򿪣ղ̨µӣǰ
ʱֻһ·֮ǰô¶෴ԶԶȥͬΪҹ㣬糾ζʧӰ١
ǰŷŮӲ˳ƯƤҲǴƣʣ˿һۣͲŲ۾
̼蹫ӣ
һЦ̵
ˡ輱æվһ䣺λҵѣŹӣ
Źӣ
ס
Ҳͷ˹ӼȻľʦһ£۷循ʦҪǣȥ˭
һôˣộûʣλǰȻѯһ¡
Ǿʦ
һۣ۾ڲԶĺززϣλҪ𣿡
ңͷ
㣿һ㶡
ʦŮѧϰһλӹˣδ
ͷ
ززԼָ㣬ȻھʦְҵϣҲﵽǵˮ׼ܹͻƣһ롣
˵꣬һȡһöǻ¡
ǵȽѩġ
ȻǾʦʹȥ蹫ӣʵڲ˼ɷһᣬҴ£ٹΪ裿
һۣȷǼٵģǸĿ
޷
æͷҲû£ҪһȥΣ
λȻǾʦʮ־ġ
һ裬ǧġ붼˼
⡭ӿ
˽Ҫ԰ӵߵ
Ȼԣ
ͷ
һְҵ㵱ڱݣҲʲô
Źӣ룡
֪ǰλǣ̬ȱú࣬ȴ·
߳ܿһ
̣ô˴
һ긾ӭ˹üͷһ塣
ʦλŹӣǾʦ㿼ǡ˵꽫еƵ˹ȥ
Źӣͷһۣ긾һ棺Զ۹ʦ

Щɻ󣺡ʶң
Ƚ٣ʦֲĻ᳤ҲȽѩͬʦ㣡
긾Ц֮ǰרŴѶ˵㣬ᣬ˷豹ľ磬츳ţ
ԭ᳤
Ȼ
ȽѩȻû˵ˣԷ˵һ˵ԼӦû⡣
ÿȽѩʦãԼʦݣ˶зŲһֱ۷޷ͻƣõָ㣬ŸһﵽǼ𣡡
Ƚٻ᳤Ц
ȽѩָڶԾְҵϣȻͻơ
ר̴Ѷ˵㲻սҪĻúøлһȻ뿼ǣھȥ׼
Ƚٻ᳤ͷ
ͻ᳤ˡȭ
ͣţ˵Ҳ˵¡ȽЦЦתͷ̣úʦһ£ȥ׼һ£ܿͻ
ǣ
Ƚ뿪Ӻһĳתͷ˹ȫǾ档
᳤һӼ˭ϲŭɫӣҲǵһμʦ˷ܡ
ֵܣǡʦ
Щš
ǣ
ͷ
ѽôô
ϣһĶͷ
ôˣ
֡
ѧϰʦְҵлӴʦԺ뿴پ裬ҪǮҪǡˮ¥̨ȵ£㣬ﶼ˾ɫλŮ飬ֱӮҡ
һûڣҵôɵˣȥѧϰȻڵ϶ҲȻŲͬ

ӶЩļһǰӣѯһ£Ǿʦοˣ
㲻֪
һ㶡
֪͸ҹˣӿ湻ġ
֪ҡͷ
Ǿʦʵǿû̫ȻǣͲõģӵͷ
ȿȣһ¡ô𣿡ͷ
õǻ£Ƚѩæģûμӹˡ
οˣͨͬ
üͷһ壬á
ǿ˲ҲͰˣ㶼ǾʦˣȻǶ֪ǹˣİɣ
ҳΪǾʦδμӿˣǡԺֱӰæ룬ԣڿ̲
ᣬ
ֱӰæ룿ôܣ㲻ʩչ裬˶ְ֪ҵôֱӴ£ֱ
һ˦䡣
ţҲҪ޶Ȱɣ
ȻʦְҵϾְҵ˵ôɭϣҲְҵÿһοˣҪͬλһˣȷ֮󣬲ܰ䲼ȼ¡
˶ûˣֱӴ衭ʲôЦ
ӿʼʦڣ˳Ϊ겻ţδ顣
⡭
û뵽ʵʵ˵ԷȻţ֪νֻͣõɣǹĲʲôطɷҹȥ
Է˵Ҳ޷ֻҪ飬Ѱһ£ҵ𰸡
˵ֻǿǣֻпǼ鼮۳Ǿʦ
ʦһŰɡ
˰֣˵ͼʦȽٻ᳤˹ûǰһЦ⡣
ϲʦԾʦ⣬ȽѩѾϱܲͨˣղһ£ܲظÿˣֱӴǻ¡
ȽЦһöµ˹
лˣ
ӹ£˿
ֱӴ裿
Ӵԭء


1144 ǿϢ
˵ֱӴ¡Լʦһ͹еط죬Իȥ
˶̫ˡ
еѧϰʦְҵģͲ࣬ǰλѧˣ£ļٵģ
ʦܲ£ôδ
ʵ̲סʵ
ܲΪʦְҵ޴׵ˣչˡͨÿˣͿṩȼ¡ʦ޸裬ɴﵽǼ˹ף˵һǻ£ֻҪԸ⣬ΪǷֲĳϣҲʲô
Ƚٵͷ
޸衭輼޸ĵģ
һǲš
豻޸ĵ£֪ˣһ飬Ϊˡ
޸ĺģԻҲ֮ؼǣԱ˹Ҳ󽵵͡
ˣֲֻҪﵽϵģУΪܹ޸ĵҲһλﵽǼľʦζû뵽ȻֻǸʮꡣ
ؼոջЦһ
ţʦ޸裬ҪǣԾְҵ˶صļ⣬ЩȽѩʦ壬ϸ㱨ȥԣֱܲӴǻ£
Ƚٻ᳤ŵ
Ȼʦĵúܶ࣬ۼλʦᣬǾò˼顣
ʮ겻Ծʦ̵оְҵҲͬɧʣѡ
⡭ɫߵ͸죬Σǰһʦղ³ç¡
ӿˣ˰֣һЦһᣬΪʱ򣬺úðλֵܽϵƼɣ
ľﵽֵز˵ĿѾ޷ӰǣԷǸǸ˵ʲô
ǣԷӵ˵ͷʳ蹫ӵʲôˣͼɴ۾ŵĿǾ֡
㡭֪ܹˣ
˵£Ǹףһֱ竵ΣӲҸ߹κˣǰλֻദ˲ʱһ˵
Ϣۣʵȴں֮ûĻӦǳ̥Ӥʱ򣬱͵Ϯ°ɣ
һЦ
֮ӣǰλ㲻ʹ似ͼݣҲɿ
ǽʱ͵ϮˣҺƲ̫ټһֱѾõĲˡ
ҪǰλܹİæĻξ󣬾Ӧܹ׻ָ
ԣ֡
λ辡ǽɡͬˡŽʶģϾûжԷ޷˳ļȽٻ᳤
ܹһ仰ѣǻ顣
ҡ
ɫǺ죬˵ܳ
ˣȷǳ̥Ӥʱ͵Ϯˡ
ֻǣܴĻܣ˵
ǰˣֻһۣ֪ΣΪζˡֱš
ΪԷֻǸɫ֮ͽôû뵽Ǹĸˡ
᳤ȥǲ⿴Ǽ鼮֪ɷ񣿡
𾪵Ķˣȭ
ǾʦȻۿ룡
᳤˵ͷȴ·
ں棬˹ȥ
ʱ䲻һķ䡣
ǹĲ飬棬ֻҪֳֻ£Ϳɽ롭
᳤ǰһָ
ţܻҪ鷳᳤տһλѣλززȽѩԺĵ
˵ͷһ䡣
Ƚѩ
᳤
ززʦ
ززæǰ
ţһ᳤ۣ̲סͷ
ʦҪ츳ҪҪá
ԽƯԽãͬ輼ӳҲԽǰλززĻǳ࣬ӶҪõö࣬úԺȻǰ;
᳤ʮ⣬Ҳٶ˵ȡ߽⡣
ʮֿ鼮һһš
ȥһǵǵģ£鼮ǰĿɨ˹ȥ

鼮ʶ
ĴʦͼȻûз仯˼άѸݣˣ¼鼮ٶҲˡ
ʱйǼ鼮ȫ¼Ժ
ȷ
һ鼮һγһؼ
ְʱ³һ˫۷ų⡣
ѧϰԾʦ⣬Ȼﵽ۷壬ΪԵʣһЩǳڵȣ˿
ȻҲֻǼ֪ʶﵽּǿߣܶԶܶԶ
ʵûﵽ⵽ˣҲ޷ӳ
ˣֵõһְҵͿʦȼˡ
վ˿
߸ޣȻ㶨ֻ
ȥ黭ҪһЩ
һЦ
ѱʦȽԶΪϾְҵѶȿ϶Ҳ󣬲ȥ黭ῴ
߳⣬Ϳ᳤վԭأδ뿪
ξʹ᳤ˣһ£иˣ
ǰ
᳤Ҳˡ
Ҫ뿪ߡɶͬʱȭ
ţ᳤˵ͷززɣһЩҪѯʣ
һۺززͷӦһã
ʦڻսʦ𣿡
߳ʦᣬɶ
Ҫȥһ˼ʦᣬҪأֱӻȥɡ

Ҫһ𡭡
ɶ
Ҳǡߵͷ
˲أҲͲٶ˵׼˷˵ĵطȥҼʦᣬͼһµӭ
¿ʦ
걧ȭ
ǣ
һ£ü
Դ۹ûʲôʶˣô
ǼүҪ㡭
ǼүҪң
ɻ󣺡ү˭
ʦˣȻ֪
˼ûգ
˰֣ܾ
ֶ˵Ҳȥ
æģйֶ˵˳Ƥ
ǺǣǼү˵ˣʦһȥһЦƺͲ׼Ӧ޿֡
Ŷһȥδ̫˰ɣ
Щá
ԷҪԼ˵ֵҲˣȻһͲʲôеĶˡ
ʦȱżԿ
һһ˹
ɻĿ˹ȥ
һ·½ǣЩƾɡ
ֻһۣ۾ץǿ
½ǣǿ·ϵġ
ܼңһҹδ飬ΪֻǳȥԺ֣ʧ㸾Ůû뵽Ȼץˣ
ؼǣԷ֪Լ˭ţ룬һ֪޿֡
ǿܼңǸͣүʦȥһˣȻĲ½ǣǡ
ϳ΢΢һЦû˵꣬ͻȻСһʹɫʱŤ
أ
һϣһ֮£ƺҪ
žણ
ˤڼʮ׿Ĵ·ϣȫ鴤ͬϺ


1145 ԰ʦ
ǴԽߣй˵ƷʣϰߣһԸΪ񣬴󲿷ֶǺƣ»СС»ˡ
ǡۣ֮
ǿ͸Ĵߵ£ԹľȻһ²ۣûλԲܣȫ֮ǣȫ̶һ겻ʱ䣬ʹﵽ˵ز
˵λܼңѾҪˣӱŵ˵ĵλһ
ǰһȻԴΪҪЮβ
Ҵң
Ȼû뵽ǰλȻҶ֣վ¶Ũҵĺ⡣
Ҫ㡭
һ͵س˹û˵꣬;ȫһסӣ
漴Ϳһ˫Į
ҿԳȫ㣡
ܵеɱ¾֮ĮĻɫף˵Щʲô˿ȫʵһ䶼˵
Կǰ˵̬ȣҶ˵䣬ԸҶֽնɱ
ү˭ǿģ
Էٷϻ
ҡһ£ǼүԴ۹һү
üΪʲôҪץҵˣ
Դ۹ʱ䣬ķΧҲֻʦᡢʦᣬԼսʦá
طȥûȥôλνĵһү
ǵԷӦûû㹻ĵʦְɣ
ʦˣҲϵŶԷϣȻߣ˹вӿ湻ġ
ֻǸˡ£治֪¡
ǰ·
ԷģĲһ£ڵϡ
ǣ
ӣû֮ǰţҴǰȥ
ʦλ֮ǰ˵ҪСġ
ں棬ɶüɸ
ǺԶ۹ĹȻϲΣĿȾ֪һЩ
Ŷתͷ
үһ鲼£ʮǰ˲֪ҵͨʦáսʦԼԴ۹˵ֵʧأսʦˣ䣡
ʱԴ۹ʵ۳УӳۼҪɱλƾճ֣ɱķ˾ȳѫ̶̶ʮ꣬ʹͨ˳ɹһеһ
ɶ
ü
ԪϵѺۣǶʮǰµġ
ʵߣֱʵӦҲ͡˰ΧӲȥλʲôʵܽ˾ȳˣ
ʵ
ûס䣬һļһʲôֶΣ˵İΧ֮Уӳģ
Ҳ̫ˣʣ߶һΣǡö
ҡҡͷɶͻȻʲô

üѵλүһλʦ
öĻǺпܣ
ʦְҵ̸֮֮ɫ䣬ҪľΪηȺֻҪöˣٶ඼նɱ
ͺʮߣʮ֮˾Ŷˡ
ս֪ˡ
ǲǶʦҲ̫λܶ󳼣ʮȫ޼աˣڳ͢Ȩƺܴټȹ£ӣ˭Ҫɵ֣
ɶ
˵ͷüͷĸ
һǲǶʦԼʶҲδΪҪץǿ
ץסǿ˵ںʦʦѧԺԺݣǾͲҪȥˡһ˼ɣ
ͣһ£
ܶԷ˼ʲôǳģȻˣûҪλˮ
ʦҵʦѧģĿʦȥΣ֮أԼߣʦְҵ
ǰһĿдżᶨ
ѧ䲻״ҲûйͽʽȴҲʦꡣ
ҲأҪʦͬˡɶһ̧
⡭
ĿᶨᶯҡҡҡͷһȡöҩƵĽⶾܽٶȷãԷǶʦԴ˿Ա֤ȫ
νĽⶾֻͨҩѡ
ţ
֪Ӧ϶Źȥٶ˵ҩУȥ
߰ɣ
ǽǴδӰߣںʱ䲻Ϳһ޴ĸۡǰ
ۡߴȻȲսʦִȴҲֺܲûǰͿܵлۣٲȻһԣء
ͨˣסֵط϶Ҳӳ

ǰſڵĻ˵Щʲôһһۣ˽ȥ
ʱ䲻߳˵ͷ
ɣ
Ŀһ֮⣬ܿΣȥ
װûɶߣں棬˽ȥ
Ƿŵ۹һүȺԶ۹ҶҪֺ룬ϡĿʯɵ·һۿȥһݻޱȵĸо
кʦ֣ӻ԰ʦƣ
˼ߵ
԰ʦһ֡
ţ԰ʦʦһھְҵȴǺܶϱߵ
ŶǺԶ۹԰ʦɶ
ûɶҡͷ
Ǵһżпġ
ЦЦ˵԰ʦԸݵΡˮܵĻԼסլţ۽󷨡أܹںһãӳǿһţһ壬ܹõһλ԰ʦƣķһֹ
Ȼְҵʮϡ٣ûĴСҲǿĲ֣Ƿأܵ󷨣໥ƽ⣬Ʋģ
ȷƽ⣡
ͷ
Ϊ۷ʦټӵۣ֮߶ܿȻͿˡ
Զ۹ĻʹҲȥȻܶ࣬ǣÿһΪֻдܼһϽһһͻнӶĽѡ
Զʹ󷨣һڷźõУֻдǶŵƣֻҪκһӦ˲ѷɡ
Է˵԰ʦйء
Ʋ⣬ںǰУΧͻȻһŲʮ˹
գ۹ͽΧġ
СӣղŲǺ𣿸Һúýѵһ٣֪ˣܵ
Ⱥ棬һЦɫ
ȥԷΪǸɵز£û뵽㱻һǰˣѺ֮ǣղſڵʱ֪ͨû׼

ĻΧĻˢˢǰб죬ɢĺ⣬Χ󷨣һ˲Ϣ


1146 
ʦ
ɫһ䣬߼æǰ
Щʵʲôֻаʥ𣬵ܵ󷨣Լ԰ʦµ⻷̱ýȻͬ
ĹʥǿߣУ¶ѡ
ýţ
ŮģԷ󣬿ǰ꣬𣺡Ҫѵң
үģţԵƤ֮࣬ʲôЦ
ү˵ԷĲԽѵһ٣ù˼ʦݣԣ޿֡
Ƥ֮ࣿ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһһžˣƫƫ˲ϲģ
˵꣬Ĵָָһ꣬˸ָ
ž
쳹Ժ棬꣬öԷ飬漴еȫһ鴤һɾҵʹӿ
ۣ
һѪɫգ۹ɷףͬʱһֵĿ
㡢㡭¶
һ˲䣬֪ôˣȻ֪ʱԷ˶
æӴָȡöⶾȥûãһãøʹͷ亹ֱðƺʱѪ
¶ʲôʱ¶ˣӦǳ˲ɾĶɣģǸҽʦѰơ
̯֣һ޹һϿҡ
ʦʦݲй¶Ȼϡ
㡭
ͷҧÿ졭붯ֵģҧҧǹȥ
ţѵԷһ٣û뵽˶ԷĵȻǲʣֻܾʹա
ǣ
໤ٶ˵ÿһ·
һЦǰĶϣֻжԷܹݳ⣬ܻ⡭ȻԽԽʹѪ
⣿㻣ңĶһ㶡
ȷûСˣ⣡ҲͣŶŮǰȥ
㡭
ΪԷͣľ綾û뵽ֱ˵ûУϵ̹޳ܣ꣬ˡ
֪ǺãٴηڣȫǱḯʴʱѡ
ۣ
һѪ˳
ȥҿ϶
ܵ˥ߣͶԷ˵һʱͷ亹ֱðһҧתͷԶһҶ⡭
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ɶ̲סǰꡣ
ʦȻƽʱЦǺǵģһ֣ģ񵱳ΪŮһʱȻҪȴҲû˿취
꣬һͲʲôƲ磬ôˡŹԸ񰡡
ĿŵԸһʦѧԺԺ۷弶ʦһȫļƻһﲻɱ𵽸õЧ

ƽʱּһ㲻ɱҲȻ߲·ڣǿڶԷҪСһЩΪá
ȥĵ·ֻһû˴죬Ҳνһ·ǰУܿǰ
ߴĵãʮףĸִӣǰ棬ÿһֱףԶԶȥһŨҵѹ
ʦɣүȺ򡭡
һӭ
Ҳش̧˽ȥ
Ϊǧƽף˴Сͬҹ飬飬յܺ֡
λϣһ˴𵶵棬Ƥڣ˫Ŀ磬ûǰ͸һ壬һ֪մȨɱ¾
Ӧλүˡ
ԶĿλϣһߣʮģͷ̫ߣЩͣҲϢͬһͻһۿܶڡ
λԪ۷ʵ͵ߣ¸ǿ
գ۹Ϳʽ
ʵȻذ磬żǿɱϢҪ˵£λߡ
û֮ϸ۲죬ܽϢص˵ʵʦ˿
ʦ
۲ԷԷҲڹ۲ߵм䣬üëһ˹

˵ͷһĿλϣ
ԷȻȨʵҲǿ¡
ǵҲˣҪ֪ô⣬ԴǶ췭ظ
˵ʵߵһ¾Ͱӷˣ鷳
ˣ
ɫһŭһۻϢ͵ѹ
£۷ʦʦѧԺԺλʦǡǻʵ۱£Ҳҷϻʲô
Ƥһ̧
⻰ɶߣȫƤһ飬亹
ǹƥ˱˵ĸۡȻֱ׳ֱӿʦĵδ̫˰ɣ
ʦʦϣûУҲûʸųƵһְҵ¡
۷ʦߣ˵ԼʦΥʦù涨ᶾʦԺȥ
Цһߵ
ᶾʦƤһ̧ҳԣ˵Ӧ֪һλʦе
ʦ衣
ʦ󣬾ԷǵһүҲпֱܱնɱ
ݣǲײĲᣡ
һС

漴һֵӰѺ˽
ү
Ӱһ̺˳Ȼȴ
ǱԷץȥǿ
һۣɫһ
ʱǿûһãȻܹ̣ǰʵ޷ӳģΪҡ
ʲô˼
͵ת۾ʱ


1147 
֪ԷҪԸԼȴû뵽˺ֱӸǿ˿̡
׻˵ҲҪˣǿĹܼң֪ͨûֱ֪ͨץ̷û
ʲô˼
ߣ

滰һӰ˽
Էģһ
ʶǾԶǶĸ棡
һﵱΪѧͷԼ鷳ֵһƬ棬񼫡ǱԶԶɱ֮
ôţ
ҿӣû˿ˣʵƺһ
Ѳɶ˱ʣ
ؼǣǿϴźصԷȴʲôûУĹһ㣬ɫЩ
ү
汧ȭ
ţ֪˵

ǺԶ۹ԶǶĸ档λǿǰıģרȥԳƿʦĴˡһλʮĶʦöԶԶ硭
֮ǰ£ȫ˵˳
ʦİ׶ʦͺʦ뿪ˣұԶɱ̣֮Һøҷλҵѧŵõѡ
ʦĴˣʦ׶˵ġʦλǿΪĹܼңȴһλĶʦ㻹ʲô˵
Ц˹
ƾ˵ҹᶾʦʦ
ΪԷʲô֤ݣ⣬ҡҡͷȲ˵棬ݿɿɿ˵Ϊ֮ˣԴ۹˺ôѵҲͶйˣ˵һ㱾һλʦ

ȡ
Ų˵ģ
˰֣Ļһν½ǿ˶ȥˣһ仰˵ҵĹܼҡк֤ݣץһΪܳȥʺɲ˵ϲʺ˵ҵĹܼңҪʲôʦĴˣ϶ͱ˰ɣ
㡭û뵽ǰһ˵ˣѪɫࣺ֪ݣǾֱӿˣû¶Ļᣡλ棬ȷɣ뿪Ͷǵˣ˶
˶
С⣡һ¡
ԶǵĶȻԴ۹֣ڹӦĻȷѵס
𣬲֪ôˡ
û뵽̶µʱ䣬ô¡
ǰΣƾ˵ѡٱĹܼǿ˵оݣҲרѶˣõ˵޶£Ȼ֤ʵԡ
վһ˦Ϊˣ׼ĶʦߣʦùءΪ˵۶İȫȻȨ֮ڷ
Ϊ˵۶İȫʦÿ˵ʦʲô⣬Ҳʦòþ㣿ҼǵãԴ۹ʦãƹܰɣ
ʦֻʦòþһ۹үѣʸ
֪ûʸԣ⽫£ʦõัϣȭĿȴһλߡ
һţ͸еЩɵλ
ࣿ
֣һ£۾ʱ

ûü˵߾վע⣬ǰĻ£߿ҫâ
ʦ

ߡɶ¶֮⣬һۡ
ûʦ˵ԷȻԴ۹ʦõĸˣЩѰˡ
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ָܿƽ㡣
֮ǰʦԴ۹ʦã֪һЩϢ
ʵȻﵽϾڣǰͲ£ڵˡ
ڣ鶼λ︱вþ
ˣǰλȻֻǸʵȴʹȨλ硣
ΪСС֣Լѿ鷳ҲʵԵ˺û뵽Ȼλ˹
һʦãӵйͨܲȨһȷԼᶾ˵ٶ࣬Ҳϴˡ
ȻȻڱãֻҪû̫£㲻ʲôˡ
ʦ˵ĺܶ飬֪츳
˹ั΢΢һЦԴǵķ鵽ǿǶʦȻҪϸ׷飬ǿ鷳֮ԼʦãǲִʦѧԺ
˵⣬һ棬λ涾ʦݣҴͷβ˲Ҳרżˣû˵ѡģȻǿǶʦǰ֪ĻʦҲ鴦Ե棬һӾͽһλԺֱӴ
ȻǶʦ
ԷƶĻüͷ𣺡Ȼ︱ͷβǿǲǶʦӦúɣ
ô˵Է۷弶ʦǿûжʦǲǶʦֻҪ΢۲̽˿̾Ȼֱ˵ǣڰԷ˵
ʦϿȻͳ죬ϸ۲ĻڵǽȻͬġ
ĶʦһѪҺԶɱһС
ǿ湦ȻùȴҲ͡ʦëǮϵûУŶԷ
λǿûǶʦʵǽʦͻأͷ˼󣡶ʦΪ֮壬һ綾˷ˣͻܲ۴һԭ¡ǰսһȵ۹Ĺûмأڵ۹˵Ĺп˶ɱ֪ʦͿ̿λʦﲻ
︱Դǣüű˵ĺء
塢ս˲أ֪ʦھ綾֮£ûλʦûжʦְҵҲû˲ҿ
˵λʦĵˡ
ΪʦԼ˻Ͷʦȴӹʦôںεأֽʦػںεأ
︱ŵȻֻҪ£֪飬ʦñȻᴦ
ʦֹ︱Ҳţ
ҡͷûǴλʦӦúͿʦͬһʱɣǰʦûκκۼѵλܹʱĺƽ٣ڣ
ǲţǶԷûҪѣҲûѡ֪ʦˣĿʦҲǿѨ硣
︱
ʦЦôܣУ϶£ôܣΪʦû
ҲǸݷʦֵƲģĿǰϢڣԴֲ֪˶ࡣ
︱˵ͷȻܻƣΪʦϵҪش
˼ǡ
ܼ򵥣λǿ񼫣ɱʦΪˣȴûвȻأȴҲؿ£
ʦ
ɱؿ£
ԷľЦƤһ̧ƨվ
ҲԸأ


1148 
ؿ£ǣʦְҵȻ㲻ϼصĳͷҲԲᡣ
ؿʦ½սĳŨɱ¾֮ʱʱ˳֣ΣռУ˵һ
ͨǷ˼ʦΪ꣬ԶУȡԼΪ巢һԤȡ
񵱳½Ժ
Ȳ˵ǿǶʦǣûɳκ캦飬̸񼫣ʦҲûʸɱԼΪˣܵǣ
ʦõĸһֲȻоֱǻ֮
︱⿪˿Ĵ鵹ҲˣȻܾ
üëһȡ
ֿĴԼŰɣԷǿǰ

ǰѺǿˢˢγһ衣
еĳŸճʣûκζһ죬ϳأⲻ֪ɵȥˣҲûкζλƺһɶڴϣǰһڻ˹ȥ
ίˡ
̾ϢһǿϵĽʱ˳ȥڵϣָһ
̣
ܵˣۿɼĻָ
ǿʵ͵̫ˣָƣѴ֮
ԴǣǺԶ۹ʦõѵ룬˽£Ŀ񷨣ΪǺôĵӣˣ£
ȡ

Ļһ̴˽
ү
үΪԴŵ۹ĵһүӲǿɫףһůʡ
ʦø˺ѣпܶǰ̣үûκԥֻΪ˾һˡݶ飬ضҪ
ߡɶҲһվࡣ
ץң治ǾãҲɱ㣿
໤ת򷿼м
ɱңһһȵ۹ʦԵɺЩʵʹԲѣ㲻Ļ͵ΥʦõĹ涨ھʦŻ
һЦϵϢ͵գ۹򣬾ͻ۷塣
ΧĿһŤ·Ԫƿ£۵
ʥأԪ۷壡
͵ոսṬʦսʦĺ᳤
ô˵ʦʦдҲҪʦѶץסɣҪɱˡϢัһ䡣
ģзִ硭
Цһ͵һץ֣˰¡
λһүĲ֪ʲôۻ룬ӿһɳĸоȫѪҺǰһƬѪ죬԰Ρ
ǡѪط
УĿ
Ѫط
Դ۹ɱ¾ϢصĹ˹ҪѪҺܽһʩչѪ顭죡ͬ㺣Ҫʤѣ
æֻУϣʦսʦûȥѧû뵽һүȻѧˡʦСģ
С
Ůǣû˿ţһЦָһ
ಣ
ϵĽ̷˳ȥٶȿͬ磬գ۹ǰ
ۻϼٳĽȻûסֺһգ۹򣬾ʹ͸λһүĸǰ
أ
ؿڣɫһ죬һѪ˳
⣡
ߡ˲ײϣľɵӣܲסײըķ顣
ڣˮĺХסΣֻеѪڣɫףԶ꣬Լ۾
ʥԪ۷ǿߣԷʥʶ۷塭󼶱
յԽԷһˣɻˡ
δ̫˰ɣ
һัҲ鲻Խˡ
ȻսѾ󣬾ʼδ
ѹָţԭ̣ʵĻɣ
ʾ︱Ҫ֣һХָͬʱһͬһҶ
ƣ
˳
սʦ似似鼮һ飬ںһǰУѧĹ죬ϤĲϤˡ
ӣʮɻ
еָ˿սʦöСսʦʮĹɾͣû뵽ǰλȻﵽ˴ɼ
似ϴѪط·һӵĳѪɫĺɻһʢ·ʱո˵
սʦȷѽˣҪݱ桭ϧôˣ
ҡҡͷ˷ǰһƲһѪɫĺɻ֮ϣָ𣬵˹ȥ
ˣ
ָǳҫҹĹȥ
âָգ۹ͽ˺ѿžͿѪٴε˼ײǽϡ

ͷϳʯҷɡ
֪Ƶȱݣ
š
ָƣͬ£Ҳ׾Ͱˣǡλ֪ô֪еȱݣһָУŵãһжûܵסˡ
ûشԷѯʣ˫ֱûսƵĿԶǿ
ôңôã
ùǣлᣬҲҪ̴ġʹ࣡ǿҧ
򵥣
һЦٴһС

ϵĽ̷һ֮ɫ
û뵽ǰλȻһ飬δɫǺ죬һȣ֣

ķԸղų໤ų
ߣ
תڵһ̤

һƴӽҫգ۹򣬴ڵǱ໤棬γ̣ǰ
ﶼʲôΪһЩèҲܵסң
ǰƤһ̧
սʦõеȫѧһ飬ʵȻﵽԪ޵еĵزԷ㲻Ҳ㲻ʲô

ٴαֱһʱὫɡ
ҡ
֪Ƕ֣ǰλ꣬ȻͲʵȴҲ˲棬ȡ
סְɣȻҾʦץ֮ڷ
ҲǶˣҡҡͷǰһĹһһ޴¯֪ʲôط˹
ͨ
ֱͷϣֻһ£ڵϣһ֡
ˣҪüһģҲú

ั


1149 Ź
˵ǽԴ
ʦӵսʦýиִصʱ򣬾һᣬԴ»ˡ
Ȼ᳤һ֮ǰʶѣ֮ϸһЩĻѡ
ԴǰʹﵽԪ۷壬ϴ񣬸ͻƣʦһȻﵽ벽Ͼ
ֻҪ㹻ĲϣƣͻƳϣֻʱ⡣
ʵټΪƷʥัûӦͱֱ˵棬ҵĲҡ
桭ֻ赲ɱˡ
һ˲ףһ־ͽัķɣŶͷо
Ͳܿٶ
ºˣøĳưոݣ
棿
Դһ㶣ԱŲһ£Ȼһڸղŵ棬˶ݽȥˡ
ˣҲǹġ
Դε

¡
δ䣬ɡֵั͵شӵۻ˴ȫѨɢܼ䡣
ÿҪըˡ
Դ۹ʦãʵʵȨһˣȻһʥһƨ棬ǿҵУҪը
ΪʦָʥԸʦʦϣ治ھɱ㣡
һัһ˹
ò˵λʵȷǿĿ¡
֮ȣ˺ܴһأһ˷·Щܲסʱ
Ķҡ
ˣԴŭ
òѣҪһ£һȻӣֱ޿ˡ

޴¯ֱัײ˹ȥ
أ
ֻһ£ͽײ顣
ܵԴҲʮײͣ
һһƾУ
ǸȻ
˵ͷ
λ︱ȻĻʮ֮˾ŲǶ֡
ȻԪ޵У԰벽Ͼǿߣв
ֵˣ
֪ัʤԴҲҪѼʱ䣬ȥᣬٴοǰ
㡭ֱӶʦø֣
˿̶ˡ
ΪԷֻһСطСֻҪǳ⼸Ȼͷת򣬲ٶϻζû뵽һʵǿ˵Ҷ֡
ʦ֮䣬ɭϵĵȼԸߵȼʦ֣Υ񷨡
һУʦʸ񱣲ס˵пܻ⵽ʦôֱնɱ
˵ôȻǴ治ˣ
Ϊһˣ¡һ
Ҳ˵ģҹܼңҪܶӦĴۡ
Էһ

һХֱ˹
꣡
ֻһ£ʹ̴ùǡ
סʵһ壬λһүֱϢήҵʹץ񣬿Ҫˡ
ûʵˣȥɣ
˰֡
ǿУѧһҪԷ֪ԼץߣҸ˿̣ڴۣûɱѾǺܸˡ
ǣ
ǿǰץӣץĺܿ𣿽Ҳ㳢ζ
һǿһȡһţ⵶ֱǰļһ˹ȥ
ԷȻԪǿߣûúһǹ룬ټϱ̴ùǣû壬һ¾ʹƤ⣬Ѫֱ
㡭
ʹһҺû˵꣬ͼǰǿ֪ȡһΣ˿˹ȥ
ŵ㣬Ҹϵҩ

꣬ٴȡ⵶˸ףٴνȥ
һۣ̲סתͷȥʵ̫ˣ
ղŰǿˣѾ֪ǰ֮ǰܵ˱⻹Ŀ̣˿̣ٹ֣Ҳʲô
ัͽԴսƾУҲȥܣǿ˲Զ渱
λĸղſ鲻Ҫߣȴм䣬û취뿪
ʱǾ֣Ǽһ㡣
ɣ
һץշ˹ǰ
ôˣأ
Χ˸ƣߵ˶ʵ
ϺϵҲͦã֪ôˡ
㡢ô֪
渱һ
ȥαװһǿǰλʶ
ѵǿ
Ҳɵգ۹׹ͫ
ܴ
һЦģһӿ塣

һ֮תɾ綾ͷ亹ֱð岻ͣŤ
ʦ˶ܲס˵ˡ
ʦŹӸȨѾǴ治ˡɱңһᱻʦ顭
ǿסʹæ
֪ǰ˺ϹϵԼԷԻ齫նɱˣ֪˵ЩʲôöԷͣ֡
˿ڡ۵֤ˡһڶԷ˵ٶ࣬Ҳûˡ
ֻ֪ġܴſʦǰϢû˻ɣûشĻ
ʦҪɱԷ϶ᱻɣǶʦȫкַܶľʦö鲻
ҡ
⻰Է̬ȣ֪Էĸֻҧҵʱӳֱ
⣿ǰʶ

ӳΪ˷ֹ׷ȻΪȫĵط˵λʶ
ǣϵĺҹ˲پ綾Ҳеõ˺ܶϵƷ
һ
ɶϢûֻԷǶʦǺͶнװˡ
Щʡ
ҩܹʹã̲ס
ҩǶʦãܶ༶ߵģҪַʩչǶʦõҩҲֲڵʹãױ֡
ͺ񵱳飬öַӣȻõ˾綾ɲҴΧʹá
ҾͲ֪ˡԸ߽׶ҩܴܲüǼĶҩ
治
ţɻĿһۣûмѯȥ
һԴ۹үδöĶ¼ˣʦҲܹ̫ܵࡣ
Ȼ۹ʦõìܡ
Էǿ鷳³򣬺ݺݽѵһ٣ûʲôǣ棬ܾҪϵˡ
˵˵ǰɣ

һΪ˶ȴܵɱ̣֮вʣҵ֣ΪԼһعΪҵķԣ˶ץˣļɱ
˵ɫһȻʹ޺ҵˣǡҲǶһӣ£ĲԸ⿴ġ
ҡҡͷҲ֪˵ٶҲˣ̧ͷ˹
ʵɣϡû


1150 Դս
û
۾һģ
λϣŽĻȻʮΡ
ץ˹ѺڵΡ

Σ
ҵ߶ˣøĶҩԲ飬Ȼô£
͡
ţ˵ͷ
ܶԷǲƶҩֻҪϵûǸϢ
ڻȥȡ
Ȼ֮ǰһ˿ʵ
ҵľ綾ֻһܽ⣬ô˵Ӧ
ѯһ֪Ŀǰûд󰭣˿
ǣ
ͷҷϻ
ǰλĶ棬գ۹׶ʦʦ˶ҷϻöֶο˵ţ϶޷⡣
ȻˣԹ
֪֪ģٶ֣һץΧĽƽ⿪
أ
һײڶС
̧ͷȥ漴ัɺͽԴս
¯ڣóȫั˿ҲǱѪһ֪˲ơ
λʵȻǿԴҲǳصģһһ˸൱
Դʱû¶࣬תͷһ
˿̵ѪϱǿġʮһϢƺʱҵ
Ҹ̣ϹĹˣҲ˭Ĺܼҡ
һü⵶Ҵ̣ǿһŭȣڷй֮ǰܵ衣
ҡҡͷǿŵ㣬Ūˡ
İɣү
Ըǿͷ֪ȡһƿ棬˿ȥ
ʱҵҲȥˣٽ䣬ͼߡɶǵĿ
ʦô󡭡²ճɣ
˰죬ɶ̲ס
ȻΪ˾ǿ˼Դ۹һүʦȨĸҲһ٣ʦãִˡ
ᣬҪȡʦʸ
޷ʦҵȷǡλûʲô
ҡҡͷһʱ䣬ȡһƣһ㣬һѶϢݳȥ
ûʲô
ǲ⡣
ô˵Ǹλ磬ݸ߹Ϊ˵ûʲô
λᶾӹɣλ︱ǵ飬鷳Ҫ˵֮ûè壬Ҷţ
ҡͷ
֮ǰȷЩɵλǶԷ˲ƽľϣٽ֮ǰ֪ϢѾȷ
֮ǰǺѣ໥飬Խɡ
ü
ȷԽ񣬲Щ㲻֪Ҳϸ˵һеʦϣ

ǰλгƺ⣬ߵ˿
үҽѵˡ
ʱǿҲӣһ˻ƺ֮ǰѶһɨա
תͷȥȻһϢʱ
һ£ǰһȡһ«ƣ̧ԷĲӲȥ
عµʵͣߣҲֱӽԷڣа취Բǰλͬ
ʥ۷ǿߣԪϸ΢ҪֱӹǺױġ
ܣǲҪСһЩΪá
̣
ˮʺʱ䲻ϱǿƣ
ȻڵʵԷҲɿ޸ơ
ү
Էˣǿһϧ
ȻæˣղšŪĸһЩˡηηţѵһ㶼񫡣
ҲˡȻ鷳
ҡҡͷٴι˼ƽԷڣеδ
Щٴοǿ
ô£ôˣұץˣ
Щ֣ͶԷ˸Ӵţǿֱ֣һҲҳһƬ
ôƫƫͽץߣҼŲɵľԼ
⡭ǿͷΡ
ı飬֪ûô򵥣üͷһ壺˵
ǡҹȥԵģãۣҵ֡
ǿɫһ죺үҲ֪˱Ƚϲ£˵ңȻҪȥѯһȻԷ˵һλǿˣʵǿ츳˫ָĳݡҾôȫҵʣԷ͸¶һ£Ȼ󡭡Ȼ󣬾ͱˡ
ûͣѾΪʲôԭˡ
ԼλܼʲôУ֪̫ˡ
Ҳ֪˭ѧģ֪װƣòҵ˻ᣬܷŹȻװ컨׹ӿ
Է˵֮϶ӦΪᱻ˵ɸֶԴˣ
ǲʡģһ͵ͺˡ
ҡҡͷΡ
ߵκεطʮֵ͵ԼĳɼʵҲϲ£ͬһŰֽһﵹãһƿƿ۵ʵСطװװҲˣܵ
õֽ٣ҲӦеģһǵһǣԺӦûסѵڲô³çˡ
ү´βˡ
ƺҲ֪ԼĴǿǸȻĿ
үװƣôװôװһ£һ˳ŶԷȥ˵ġͱ

ȥ֮󣬸Һúñչأڣﲻʥ򣬾͸ҹ˵ҵĹܼң
˰֡
ǡ
³ʥǿϡ
Ϊǣϲװģļһٴοǰս
үһ̫ˣҴ򲻹ָҡ
ʱĽԴѾ·磬ȫั᳤ѹţżĺ˳
ս֪֪ӣ佨Ѩһţһ£
ҡҡͷ
ϣ⻰Դһ˷ܣХУִĶȣ͵ضัײ˹ȥ
㡭
û뵽·꣬һ仰˵ȱݣ︱Щܻæˡ
ǰ۵ʱ򣬲̫ͨƣԪ񹥻вȱ
ԷˣͲͣټ졣
Էʩչ似ͼ˳γ鼮㷭ȱݡ
ȱԪ
벽ϾԪǿӦû̫ȱݲǣǰλȴ©̲סЩ֡
ҲϸоʱָԴ
¡
ĻัԽԽƣܿ˼ѪɫԽԽѿ
ȥذɡ
Է˵ģÿһϵȱݣЩȱ㱻ֲͬˣǳϾǿߣҪҵܣ
Ȼһ˵ûһ󡭡ץ
ȽһɱˣȻĿ϶ң
ҧһ֮⣬ัһΣһӰƭԴһȻǰ
ʱںͽԴ˵û뵽Էô飬ûӦͱؿڣѪ磬̵˳ȥ
ʦ
ʦ
ү
ۿ̺ˡ


1151 ôĿӣ
ˢˢ嵽ǰͼղŻ緢ʵǿ꣬ʱѾ˹ȥѪһ֪˼صơ
Ҫɱ㡭
ߵŭգˢˢǰԶั޲ýųˡ
⸱̬ȣ︱Щš
ʵȻǿɴλ꣬ѹӦÿԺ׶ԼĹˣղŵ͵Ϯ֮У׼Сʲôûϣһķɡ
ؼǣԷƺԼУЩϸ΢ӭϡ
Լ
⡭
ʯֱӻУԪ۷ǿߣҲ⣬
ɻ֪ô£ԶһŭȣתͷȥͼλүϵĽ֪ʱѾڵϣϱѪڣۿɼĻָûܹһ㡣
һʲôʱʥҩˣ
ͶԷʮϤδ˵ҩֿٻָѾȣղʦǿʹõֶˡ
Ҫɱ㡭
ָղŵ裬ǻ̵סһ͵Ե˹
һץһƿնĽâ˹
ղսִ٣һ־ͱԷѹƣûȡ֪Է£û̫ɣֱʩչǿĹֶΡ
̣
磬ƿ֮ѹϣ벽ϾҪʱܡ
ʵҲʱ
ס֡
ߡɶǿͬʱӭ
أأأ
죬˵ɶײڲԶǽϣȫһɫ죬Ѫ硣
Ǻʥزʵ̫ˣ޷⡣

˴ˣĳۼҪ롣
ס֡
ʱһŭ͸еһɻǰγһ޴֣С
赲Ҳȥ
ţȫһеĳأһ£ֱ˹
꣡
򣬾޴ĳŲͣˣǽϣһ㣬ڰա

ҵʹһҺǲš
ֳֳƣսȲϰ벽ϣҲ٣Էִӭӣס˵ԼĳԼ̴ʲôʵ

𾪣ͿӰǰһ
ʦʦ
ʦõⳤϺսʦõ
̫أѾ˻ԣɫ࣬վ
ȻȺʦ࣬ôĵӣ
¡
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ҡ
ัҪͣû˵ڣͱһĵſڵϣڴڵѪ
ͬʱͲǶ֣˳Ͼεֵס
ˣһ£
ĵˣȡ

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ȻͬԪ۷壬Ϊսʦõˣսʤһȫʢڣⲻס˵ˡ
ʦ
׵Ķ˿סȡһö˵ҩȥ
æ߻ҩת
ˡ˵꣬ˣ֮ЩᣬλҪ˺ǡۣ
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ʦ
˳ˣҪԷ˵ʦȫ
֪ʦ壬û뵽壡
Ͷ˵ı鲻ͬ︱ˡ
ղŻΪһ㶼㣬ӲԼĹԭţ
˵ǶԷʦʱˡпҲ˵ˡ
λǶ֣õǸ¯
һ︱һָȴ֣ǸղſڿҪճú¯֪ʱѾʧûֹһ㡣
Ȼ֪ʱսָ
죡
ѺסεһƳ˹ȥͳᡣ
ʦΪսʦôףǻûüмͱһҪǹ˼ɶԷʦݣ϶ɱˡ
ֱ޿ˡ
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Ⱦǡָߵˡ
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кһһλǰÿ˸һöҩ
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ԺżϢԴǷֲƭߡ£ӳṬϸͶ˵ˡ
Ȼʦͷһһֱڵ飬ûȷ֤ݡ
֮ǰҲ׷£ǿͱλ︱ץˣ˵ҹᶾΥʦݣҲʦҪͷؿߡȿȣ
˵˼䣬ٴɫǺ졣
ؿߣᶾ
һ˦䣬ʦ۹һֱƨʦǺôĵӣ
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ǰλʦطʥֻпʦһˡ
˵˹ᶾҪȥؿߣ
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ҲϣǾֱӶ֣̱ƹҲ֪ҵʵԪ񾳣û˿֮ҿĿ죬ȻǶ
һٺҡ
û˿֮
ัһۣըˡ
ûл֮
Ƕ챻ˡҪ˵û֮ģҲǺòã
ĿҪȥҪϧȫΪ˵䡣
һǿߵҲһۣһ顣
ɶͷ
ǸղŻĵҪԭһʩչƣ
ʦʦۿסƺҲϴˡ
֮ǰһֱ룬ʦȻһ֣ưոݣû뵽ƺȦףں˿ӣŶ
ʦ鷳͵űɣ
ʮͬĿȥ
ʵ֪ȷԪ񾳵Ķ֣Ļʦͬʱͷ
ʦṬദôã֪ʵʥǿսʤѾôԪ񾳵Ķ֣
Ҳ佻֣λսʱӦ٣ǡսǲһЩ
Ӧÿⲻʦøһλսү
ߵˡ͸˵ˡ
ʱ龰ΣŴѶǡ
굽ô£˿ڵϣ
һ֪̫أ˵ҩʱڣҲû취κá
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ԽԽʦҲ̲סתͷһĶˣһὫ飬ϱʦܲܲд
˵꣬һȡ
ݣ
Ѷƹϱܲ
︱ɫͬʱһףӡòЩ̫ˡ
ֻǿӣӰɣ


1152 пѱ
ǻкλ˵
ǳ꣬ʦ
ء
︱æ
⿪ķӡ
Ը
ε˵ͷһġ
︱̸еѹϵ⿪̲ס˿۾죺ѣǶ֡
ˣ
δ䣬͵վĿ磺˵Ϊʦʵǣû뵽һھſڴƻơʦϣںεأǶ֣ƾĸһ֮Уܴùǣ⻰ȥ˭ţ
Ҫը
ҲҪװɣ
ȴ˵ʦ֡
ʦ붯֣ܴù
ҡ︱һΡ
˵ʵòã
ƣҲ϶డ
ƣҲ֪ԷѾΪңۿ֣͵Խ࣬ԽöԷڣ粻׷⣬ȥ鷳
˽桭
ǿסƣ︱ָһࣺǺԶ۹ĸǰٱ˵λǿǺĶʦԻͶʦع顭Ϊ˵۶ȫֲֹҪıʣŽʦѯʣ˭֪ǿн˴ߣìܡ
ĸ
ʦ˿˹ȥ
ʱ棬վһ࣬ôʦսʦŵɫЩס
Ƕˣ
ʦɫһ
ΪʦԶˣû̫ĺøС
ǣһ潫ʦĻºʹݵȡ˳
һۣȷʦüٱǿ
ǿϤȻʦĹܼңôǶʦ
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⡭
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ô£
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ģǶȫץסڵΣԴҪЮҹʦҲǱΣʦ졭
ݡ
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һһģԼ֤ˡôתۼ͵һˣ
㣿
㱻ݣӵģ
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죡
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ղŻռϷ磬˭뵽һڣԷȨ
ߺǿˣҲ۵СۣĿɿڴ
ʦֻλ˵˼仰߾͸Ŀ˵ȻͬĻδ̫ˣ
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ʦݳǣΥ񷨣˵˵ȥ˶ԷԴС⹹ݡ
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ҡ
޺޵Ŀһۣ︱֪˵ʲôûˡ
ΪܹöԷһ˳ãû뵽һʼ˶ԷȦס
ò˵λ۷ӦӦ䣬һһģǶû˵
ϣԴǿһϱܲҲ޻˵
һҧ
ܿʦλϵǳǼȥ϶Ҳϴˢ塣
ʦһʧȥڵĵλŪãʦݶʧȥ
Ϊ֮ƣֻùԴת
ҴżѾϱרŵˣ״ӣƭȡϢй¶ˡ嶤ʵֹ⹹ʦѶҲ֣ͬ
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ڵ֮УȻԼ鷳ȻˡٸԷͷϿ۸ʺӡ
ˣ︱ѺʦãȺ䣡
һʦתͷԸ
ʦѹһ򣬰׳ִطԱָìܣԷʦ񼫣Ѿ˵һְҵݺ͵λ봦á
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ʦ裬Ǽ򵥵˵˵۸ͷϣҪӦĴۡ
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ʦӿ˹εнӹˣ߳˴
ʦô
˱ѺߣʦһеĿ
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ҡҡͷߵ˵Ĳ£վһǸ⣺ัҶ֣Ҳ˷ΥʦΪֲҾ˺֮ȥʦãӦʣ
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ʦһطΥص£ҪϴֻһǾǡã
Ϊ·壬ԯԯֲܣΥ˹أ֮󣬽˴ãŵ⡣
ãҲһˣһˣʦõĹؿ
൱һ˵ǻۡԿһʦ÷ֲǲɵ
ˣʷϣܹɹģ֮٣š
˲ɹǰλݺֶΣʦǲҴӦ
ṬҪĸԸӶԷİš۴һ棬ǰλǿ˼㡭ҪõĻԴ۹ʦãȻҲܲס
һͨӶԷԸͶˡ
Ȼʦ˵Ҿͷˡ
˿ٴοˣΪܵǣɷͷսʦã
սʦã
һ㶡
ʦȻãúˣսӣԿ˵ĻҲкܴԡǼսʦãΪһֵ



1153 ټ
˵ȷΪܵǣģһʦãȻ֮ܵܶʿżս˭֪
ܹнսʦãͲһˡ
ϴ׵Ļᣬ˸õݡ඾ʦܾ
ңؼǣܽʦúãսʦõʵȻ̱
϶С
Ƥһ飬æ֡
ΪΣһ㶡
ʦҲ֪һɢˣ¼սʦãƿءҪ£ǵܶ඼ʮֹ죬;ʦΪ
ҡͷ
ʦΪΪ棬̳ԶơֶΣʦĵߡ
սʦʦһ࣬ҪܣԺηˣ
սʦʵսȴҲ׼򣬲ʲô˶յġ
򵥣һƶϴңһܹƿأ

֮УȷкܶΪס񷨣ҪҲܼ򵥡
ֻҪĶΪ죬Ҳʲôаħ
⡭ɡ
ǰλ֪ĺ
ܿһ鹦ʮһԲĳǿ޸ĶҲпܡ
ܹʦձ࣬սʦõȷкܴİ
˵˵λҪǿôһ죬̶̶ʮ꣬ߵڵĵز
ʦн࣬ʦȻڱãܲһֱû˵ڸᡭʦа취ЩʦĸԸΪЧһϱܲһѫ
ԻУʦ廰
ʦη壬úˣսͬ¡
Ⱥʱ
ܲصȻʦܲȻ֪һֱû񵱳Ը׻ʦһֽ˵ʮ⣬ԭ¡
οЩʦܶ඼ھԶԱߵǸСϣδѧȴûˡ
ûˣû񣬵ƾְҵãҪһĨɱҪôʦְҵʲô
ã
ʦʣ˿
ʵȻʦҪ˵λȻǺ߸һȻ˵Ȼ˺İ취
λȺȥοˣ˳㿴ܲȰʵڲУξɣ

⡭ҲãʦϵˡʦЩġ
ҩټҵʣʱѾûд󰭣ЦŰ˰֡
ްͺãʦթУһȥɣ
ǰλֶΣ֪Ӧްʦ˿ŵ
ˣڵĵλݣ»ǴѹҶԹȥɡ
ܾ
ҪȰ˼սʦãҹԹ϶Ҫǿݣʦȥ͵ʵʦݣСЩá
⡭
ͣһ£ʦֻõ˵ͷҲãǿԲȥΣҪȺһ⣬̳֣
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֪ԷĹԼ˵ͷ
ڸղλʦĴ£˺ܿθǰ
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ĵЩɭܲ˸ָĴԷֹѺӳ
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ܿ죬ϣȻ֮ǰλʦ˵һܵ˼صĿ̣ǰ˲٣ϢҲЩήҡ
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ͬѺģֻдһҡ
ڶˣͲ֪ˡ
ʦ
ϵһ㶣漴һǼ
ǰλǿʦ׶ʦλ֤ˣû˿ɡ
ֻǻʦˣʦǿСҡҡͷܿˣǻָĵҩЩãȡָЩ
һȡƿĵҩ˹ȥ
ɱʮߣ̲ĵҩֻ࣬ҪĹЩˡָӵЧ
ǣ
ϵҲ˵ȫӹҩȥ
ҩڼܣص˳ѪҺȫ֮ǰܵˣۿɼĻָ
⡭
ܵϵı仯һĿɿڴš
õҩЧǿ̫ˡʦˣضõʦĴС
ôˣ
ǻָʵ
ۿһ죺ǳ׻ˣֻЩɱɾ
Ϊĸ֪ܣɴǱУûз⵽ǰδеĺƽ١
ɱǸֱɱ
ü
Ϊ˼ǿķ˫ˣԷĿƺô¡
ǣϽģǺ޷֮£ͱΧһҹ֮䣬ѪɺӣĻҵһȭͷɫǵ͸졣
⡭۾
ȥжʦкܶƽգЩû츳Ҳûôû뵽ȻҲ飡
ʦְҵȻ˾֣ЩʦһֱԼĵУ֣δȥˣµȥ֣λҲ̫˰ɣ
ţһ٣᲻̫ڿֱ̫ˣ
ˣɱһٱ飬֡
λ¾ɾȻЩﵽǼϵĶʦȫסΪѺÿ̡Ϊƶҩ
˵λһүҧŨҵĺ⣬Ҫ˺ѡ

üʲôҩ
λԴ۹һ֮£֮ϣʵǿ˵ȨҲûб߼ʡˣֻǵĶɱ̳֣ڴҩﰡ
ɢ

弶ҩɢһ㶣ֶҩɫζ԰ĴƮֻʥµãȡ֮󣬶ʱڣûλҪƶ٣
ɢ㲻ľ綾ܹΪֻҪᵽͻжʤ
ʮ֣

ʮ֣üëһ
ͨɢһƿӷУ׶ˣʮ֡ܶɱǧ˰ɣ
һҪôʲô
Ƕĳˣ䲻죬ôΪ¡ԣһֱûӦĵǣһ䣬ͬʱЩֵĿǿǰô֪⣿ᱻְɣ
ϧҪǣǰλˡ
ѾҴˣұʦõץȥѶˣڹרžǳȥ

ˣ
ǳȥ
һš
Ϊץˣζû뵽λʦǰֻˣǱ˳ѩ˺ޡ
ţڵݣȥҲȽΡǻݣ֪ԸԸ⣡
ݣüʲô
Ҳˢˢ
սʦ


1154 ʦķ
սʦ
ڶ඾ʦԡ
ֻҪǳΪսʦͿԹԴǣõģѺ鷳Ҳη壬º󱨸õģʦѯ
һЦ
⡭ڶ඾ʦɫһ죬һȭͷ
ΪʦԸܹ۹⣬ڹ֮Сʵ֣ǰλǿǰĵھǵ˵ڶĻᡣ
ǡǲʦҪΪսʦܰɡǵĵĿ˹
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1155 ϲ
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ңҡͷǲңҲңµĻһǵģ
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λԺ˵ǧ겻ĳţͳΪʦѧԺԺ
ԭĹܼң֪ˣ
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ʵǿ޷ȻҪһЩֶˣΪ˱ԼΪ˸õĽ
ǡкʦԹʹұأ߿
ģЦЦʦʦʦɱˣѵҾҪɱˣһġֻҪԸ⣬ȫԲӦģȴҪعʹ塭ԷѾΥʦĵΥˣЩıֶΣʲô
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ͣ˷ܵ۾Ź⣬ٴοȻʦ˱ͨ񷨣Ҿʵ˵˰ɣʦ
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1156 ž
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һڿӣôû뵽һСѾͷڲˡ
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1157 صϢ
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ȻУľʦ˵ͷʮǰͳΪƷʦΪҲҪﵽ̥Ӥľʦ
Ʒ𡭡ͷ
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ľʦͷµĲӦʥżҵĺ


1158 
ʥżңɫһ
ʦͺ᳤߹ҵλСһʥŷлԼ壬ʥżҡ
ˣһ֣ͼ˵Ĳ
ϣֹˮϣ
ҪˣҲѫףˡ
Ҳֻǲ²⣬ʵ޷ȷľʦͷ
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ʥӵʥŷȷҪȵ۹ӿɣŵ۹ʦֻͨһһʥŷ͵Ķʮż־ްԵĴڣÿܹõ30
ľʦ˵ͷִ壬30ܺеţֻܱ֤Ѫĺӵܣܹ룬Щϵӵܣûлˡ
Щˣͨɢķŵ۹ȡһʥӵܵõõԴĴУڴϵ˵Ǹı˵ûᣬû˻
Ǿڣŵ۹ţ񲻾ûлˣ
á
һŵ۹ֻһԷܹռˣǰ񲻾ʧȥˣ
ǿʳҲû취£ŵ۹ܹҲǳֻĿߣȴҲΪ
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ʥӵֻҪǿߣˣǲ磬˵ٶҲá
⵹Ҳǡͷ
ͺսʦѡΣǺԶ۹ѧսǿȻȻͱȫѡϣѧԺֻʤ̭ܶϣģҲûʸˡ
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ͺ˽ӽһʱ䣬ҲŴﵽʵеһѾ˵Ҳ
ʥӵҿ϶Ҫȥβܵõ

Ȼʥӵô϶ҪȥģʲôʽһҪõ
ֻһλᣬ20ʥӵרʹߣǰ֮ǰʵܹﵽʥ۷壬˳Ϊʦ츳λžȻܹʸ֪ʱܻЩȣҲûѡ񡭡
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20죿˵ͷã
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ŶϲСͻƵʥ۷ˣ
ЦЦ
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Ṭʱ򣬶Էֻʥһ۷壬һµʱˣһ󼶱𣬽ٶ֮죬ֱš
ֻĻ»ǲȲ˵ʥ̥ӤʶżĲͬԪ̥ںϣ츳ҲҪʱ⣬ɡ
ľʦá
Ϊﵽʥ֮һһ죬츳ߣҲ֪ҪѶʱܽһ㣬20ͻƣ˵ʵЩǿѡ
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ղŵһ˲䣬ĻԼǶʥ۷ǿߣǶء
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ٴοȳһѪľʦɫһ졣
ȻľҵĹóսϾǵõ˵մĺӵܣսͬľҪǿ١û뵽Էһȭûסͱǽϡ
붼
ʵϣžʵǿһЩսûͻƣӦҲ㹻ˣ
˰ŻָԪľʦЩεĵ
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ͷ
Ŀ꣬Ҫʦɹ
㲻öԷ˵ҲŬ
˵Ҳ˵ˣһҪ·ʹ˸ǡ
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ʦ㣬϶ܹһµļ¼
˲Զһļ
ȥ漴һʯųǰ
һվʯ棬ͷϺˮֱðƺڿ֡
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ţ
Զһʦڡ


1159 ͣ
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ʮңһĲɣ
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λžǿġ
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طҲûʲôɼɿģҪȥֻͨҲԥ̧ž˹ȥ

֣֣Ҫ֡
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μ֣ѾĴҲֲסˡ
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ͣ
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˵ֲסʱԵſˣԶԷ˵һס
ʮ̶ȡһ¶ûУ
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ĥƨҲֹͣŤŵıƨɻ󡭡


1160 
ΪЩս
뿪ţ̾Ϣ
ΪţͶԷ˵ͨУľмǿĿã߹֪ô£ɶоûУһ˿
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ߣüѵλʵ۱£֪Ĺһλʦ
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Ҫɽߣʦõ潫ںεأ
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תͷȥ˵Ǹʮҵ꣬ʦķΣʦĲԶĿλϡ

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ʦʵ˵Դң꣬Ҳֻ17öԪƷʯв٣ʹ͸˻ӣйĴ󳼡ҽ17öȫ㣬ȻϡҩġʯΣ
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1161 
ǲǾãӦýλߣ
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֪ʦͫһʦɫһ
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ûʸѺǾͷˣ
ҡͷ
Ҫͨͼݣ֪λัԪȱݣǲһｫԼѧŪˡ
ţʦסʦܵ衭
ҵ費ʲôԷ⣬û㹻֤ݣһֱѺʦӰ켫ոճΪĸҲȣĻǸӲ
ҡͷ֮Ĳʲôһʦ߱˶ıˡ
ðɣ
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ܼ򵥣ܰʦںᣬҴνļˣãΪʦѧϰ
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⡭ʲô취ʦԭأǲ⡣


1162 ж
λܣеϢй¶ˣṬزΥʦ׼ôҪν
Ҳ̫Υ˰ɣ
⣬ҡҡͷ͵ܱץ֮󣬴Ѷʲôֽʲôû֪֤أ֤ݺڣû֤ݣͶ˻ʦá˻ô룿
⡭ʦȻ
˶ͬߵģǲߣǱ濴ġ
ܶǡʦõļ֮СֻҪƲ֡ĻϢȻ˭û취ֱȷǴ
ʱ򣬱ľ棬ͻһ±òû취ˡ
ΪѫɱˣȻϢй¶ЩĻţʱ򡭡ȻȻ¶šֻҪԷ֣ʣµľˣ¶Ҳʲô

ԭˡ׹ʦȻ
ȷõİ취
ܻԷɱܴӰ죬Ϲһá
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׹ʦͷתԸһ䡣
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ӵʦƣʥءصĹʸۿһʱȫͼݡ
Ѽϣб¸鼮Ҳȡ˳ӡʶ
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⻹һΣǰѼԽĹ飬ȫһͻƣֱӳʥԪ񾳣
ѾˣȺʦȥǸƷᣬȻ
濴һۣѾ׺ˣʦ˵ǸƷᣬϿʼ˸߳⡣
йͼˣһʱܽʵڽˣǾʱû̫
˵ֻҪǴɡʲôϡ
취ȫ˵ǣΪʦ˵
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ղʩչ̽鲻Էϵľ綾ʲôַֻ

ܿ̽һ飬ûʲôҽʦջأüͷɸ
Էڣû˿ԣȴǱ綾ʴһ㣬˼⡣
ô
ٴο
ⶾЩ죬취
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¡ҵĸۡѺŲٶʦץһ̧ͷ
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1163 عµĽⶾ
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ţ֮ǰҲйֶʱѾѹסˡعµͷ
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ͺǿˣʡˬ𡱡

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λ黭ʦƽʦ͡
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Ҳңһٰʮ껹ڻ޷ͻˣͣȻԻݳʥò˵һ档
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1164 ƻ
ʱžһǳɫĳۣԵʮţǰŵĲʦĻ£Ǽʦģ߿ҫŹ⣬ݡ
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ϸ۲λ᳤漴еһĿ⣬̧ͷͼžԼд˿˿⡣
ȻǺǿңľﵽ25.1ȰʦǺɾܸӦ
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ɻ
˾ͼһ棬ֳᣬר̺ˡ͡ʾѺõ̬ȣ֮ˣ⡭ʲô
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֣žȻ򣺡ѹľϣ˲ͨţͳһѧԺľǿȷ
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λԴͷʦȻţ˵ǰ棬ֻƷ취ƽµƣڣӡʲôǿʲôҶûдۡȻֻҪܰҽ⣬кͣ
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ģܽ϶ֵţ᳤˰֡
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ôǿ𾪣ĸһǰĻ˹ȥ


1165 ž
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֪ԷȻóĻǰѯʣȻǷʲô

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ǡ֪˷ӡȷҲû취⿪
п꣬˳Ĭ
֪˰ǺȥģпǷӡںϣͽⲻ
һǹ߹Դ۹ˡ
˵˷ӡ˶޲ߣͭҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ㽫𣬾һ
ܲܿһ£
̧ͷȥͼһվ˹

ҲЩ֣Ȼ˿ȷһ¡
㲻һǼʦˣܿʲôɣ
ûߵǰһžһȻ˹
ǰžָڻһְ˾Ļǰַ֪ӡʹõķʽ
ԣܹ⿪Ըͣ
ǰλţͭͣסŲת
ַӡзƿۣīķʽһڵȴ˸µĲмԣȻʱ䳤˱Ȼ᳹ںϡ
žͷ­
ƿۣ
ͭߺȫɻĿ˹
Ȼδ˵
ڼ壬ۼ˽⿪ַӡˣ֪ν
˫ֱžһְȻ֮ɫ
壿
㲻֪λԴǵһţʵʥżҵĺ󱲣
ʥżң
ѹֻ֣ϵʶҲܹġ

нһȻһ¶֮ɫ
ν
ʥżңͭ¶֮ɫȭʵ
ܼ򵥣ҪӡƳһóˣΪ̰壬̺ԣ
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УмԳȡû˵㣬ӡȻȻҲɢˡ
ž
ͭ߳ɣ֪˵λó꣬Ҫﵽʲô𣿡
Ҫ꣬ƾϸ緢ֲ̫ǿȻ𻵻ð˾ĻɷƷȻҪǣ˱֪ʲôط黭˽У
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Է˵ҪȻ࣬ģԴǣ¶ûС
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²ţպ÷ϣ


1166 ͷž
㣿
۾һͭȭͷ
ΧˣҲȫ𾪡
һžͷ­𣬾һ˲Լķɵ˾
Դ۹һţȻֻվţǱлᣬüе˷ܣ֪
ʦΪҽӡ
ͭ߱ȭ
Դһѱʦˣûϣ˿ž˵˷ӡ֣ܹҲͲס
򵥣
黭ǰȡһֻëʣžתͷһۣʦҪͷиĥ
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һ㶡
Ҫӡڳôˣ϶Ҳ뿴Ҫ飬Ӧ岻ݴǰɣžƤһ̧
ǰλžʹ²̨ղŸ亰塱ҵᣬȻҪһ֪žţʲô˰èܱȵġ
ðɣ
Цһҡҡͷ
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գ۹һź·һģһƶڿУЩžһ£Ӧȷƶµλãһֽī֭ͻ̨˫üһһ֮Ӷȥ
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ԷıȣȻֵһᣬڶԷʵ㣬˵Ȼĳط
غʥżкܴϵ
ǴģֻϵۼʶķҲСطܹġ
ипĽ˹ȥһ»
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Ժ̳һ鼮
ۿͿһžɫͻȻɷףͷ亹ֱð
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ͶԷ˵ô򵥣ģ
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˻ûüѯʣͼž԰׵ϣһκ죬Žһ򣬺ߡ˲һѪ˳
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ڱֲԡԣѿųãֲֻͨԣģø졭
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һͬ顣
ϿԼڶԷԪеȼԣͱͷϳǣβ͡
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Ǹô죿
ɫһףžζ
Դ۹һţŮݵżȥЦ
ܼ򵥣ֲڵĨɱɣ

´һΣտʼܾȣѾʲôƽˡ
ĨɱôĨɱžæ
ǿԪ񣬶ԼĨɱԣԳ֡
꣬̽飬ҵԣɱܽ
ꣿⲻܡ
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Ϊżӵܣǣܶܣô˳
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УɣȿеʲôȻ취֢ҩƳܹĨɱԵҩ
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ҲַֻܹϧԷûͬ⡣
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ţ
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ֻǣҽ⿪ӡûбҪҪ˵ͼӺɣͭ¶á
ȷûҪ˵ͼӺδ
˫ֱüͷ𣺡ñ֮أʪأͼȻֻ黭ֵطǧ꣬մʪֻ֮Ҫܾ죬ղŻıɫ
㡭
ͭһ㶣ƺ¶˾
ֻʪܲԼñ
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۽һͭߣ۾޷⿪ӡҽ߾ǣɹ
˭˵޷⿪ӡ
ȻԸ˵Ҳ÷ĲʣƤںϰ׽¹¹Ƥɣī֭ʯںϽԴˮˣȻǧ꣬ǵû˿࣬ҫۣ˸ĸд
ī֭ɫͱ仯Ӧñ֮أȡˣɻʱ䣬ǧһʮ꣬ʱ㣬ӦޱˣʮʱϵǸƶ䣬µģҲ˵ЩʧˣǱɱǱ°ߣ֪
⡭
𾪡
һ᳤ǵɴ۾
ղϸ۲ϰ죬ûľޣǰλֻһۣ֪ôϸҲ̫˰ɣ
ͷžҲһΣ۾ΣҪ޳
һﲻ˵Ǽʦ
˼ҵǣһۡôоǼʦҪ
ޱˣΪȻﵽϾµƶ䣬黭ƻþ磬ҲͷҲƽ⡭


1167 ī
ʺʱ䣬ƽӡûʲôôɣ
ͭü
ûֱԵãԸƶϻĳ򣬷ԷΪʲôҪ·ӡԼӡĲ©
һЦ
ƾƲӡĲ©⻰ЩԴ˰ɣβ;˾һžͷΪ˵̫ͷϵҲƺʱ
Ȼû˵ҲȽͬĹ۵㣬ϸȷһ꣬˵ǿͷӡʲôϵ
㲻ҿ
Цһͦţ黭һȦͻȻԶ黭ʦ᳤λ黭ʦ᳤˰ɣ
ɳ壬Ϊ黭ʦ᳤
ɳ᳤ȭ
ɻ᳤ͷ˵һ£ǧһʮǰԴ۹黭ʦᣬʲôóʲôıī

⡭
һ£ɳ᳤˼Ƭ̣Դ۹ǧһٶǰеǡ̰Ҳ˵ӡˢһʱ򣬰ضĸʽضĴС̶һͿĨʽֽͨϴһīȻһͿɫÿһ㣬ƣ©Ȼȴû©
黭һʱƣָ»ÿһʱźԵĺۼһʱȫͬ
ˣʦ˳ƫ
̰ʢǧǧǰܹ㣬Ӱľλޱˡ
ԣһƷ֪Ǵ¡
ǹ̰
ԷĽʮϸ˵ͷȻƷޱȣӡˢҲкܴȱݡǾǣīһƽͬУ򡭡ͱ˳Ц뾭ѵˮƽ̫
ЦЦǿɽˮܵաݣͬĺȡ
ˢˢȥʶ
Ƭ̺ȫ˵ͷ
ȷˡ
Է˵û
ƽΣͭߺһֻҪƽӡ
żҰѻ˵꣬Ҫƽӡ֪Щ
ղѾ˵ˣƷмʮ꣡Ҳ˵ʮǰģȻҲƽġʮλޱˣΪڸʲô˰棡Ȼīȿ϶ͬλڿƵλãɷ񿴳ʲô
ٴƵķȥգ۹ȫüͷ
ͬƽġ
ûκα仯

ƴĻطͬƽ˿ڡ
ö˵ҲˣƽģҲ˵īԭͼһ㣡ͷ
⡭˵ɴ۾Щš
ԭȻ»ϲͬģ⡭ôɣ黭ʦɳ᳤̲ס
Ϊ۷黭ʦ֪Ѷȡ
ʲôĲʣһīմϣͻУεһ㣬»ϲͬͼܹɣ
Ǻѣʹˡ顿أ
ʹ飿ǡģ
ɳ᳤ŵ
飬൱ڿͻı޷ںϣֻҪƶ߿϶롭ôһںϵȱ
ͺžʦ˵һмԣѰƺ֮ǰĻȳֽԾǽˮںϣȴֲ໥ţͷ
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˻Ȼ
֮ǰž˵ӡ֮ԣ˶Щ⣬ͣףԭô¡
˵˵ȥǺҵĽһžƲ졣
Ϊһ˵ʲô˵ۣȥõĽһ
һҡͷ֪֮Լӣ֪Ϊλ֪Ҫô
ҡ
ɫǺ죬ž˵
֪֮ЩΪڼ壬ۼƽƵƷΪôƽ⣬֪顣
˵ʵҪ֪ĻҲͷȫβʹֳˡ
ںŹ̶ãʲô취ѷ룬ǿȥȫϡͺ㽫ýˮճ˼ǧֽֿһܳɹȷĻܱʶó
λΪǵĹӸ磬
⡭
Ƥһ飬ͭ޸ղŵ̬ȣĬ
ĿΪ˿浽׷ӡʲôǿзֿĿҲˡǵòʧ
֪ʦа취֤治⣿
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ǰλ˵ϸ˵ָƣ£ܹɡ
˵ô࣬Ȼаգ
һЦ˵ͷ
Ŷͽ̡
۾һͭæȭ
ܼ򵥣
˵ͷںϣҪɺѣԷˣںԣֲһֻᰴضķʽתĿΪĳЩ񣬱ûʶ㣬᳤غ
ţ
᳤ͷ
ֲܶҲԵģӪͶһӵҵĴܣס
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Ц
⡭
ǣϵİƣͺϳ˶񴯣ޱȣ϶Ū
ȷˣֻǡ飬²̫װɣ
ҾͲ֪ˡ

ȫ۾һͬʱɻ
ףǸֳǧ飬ӵǣûô򵥰ɣ
鷽ȴףҸܹ
Ц
ʦæܹɣ±Ȼк
ͭ߹
֮ǰ˭ƲϣԴ۹ˣͽǰλʦķͶء
ôʱ䣬ҳ֢ڣҳǼʶ̫ˡ
ȲżҾܹΪ˱֤ҲҪȷһЩС

ǣͭߵͷ֪ʦҪʲô취㡭
ףȻ򵥣ȻҲڵõⶫôãҲû취ˡ
ʱҪ
ҡҡͷͣһ£һȡһëʣһ壬Ҫ飬ͱƻ⾳ߣһȱڣʶУҪԻˣ£
޷ͭߵ˵ͷ
ҪǷӡµĶܿĶҲֵˡ
Ǿͺá
˿ëУմīͻȻüԶžһǳ⡣
ʦôһûУī


1168 ʦ
㡭ǳ⣬žһΣѪ
ո˼īգ۹ٴ䵽ԼϡҲ̫˰ɣ
ɫǺ죬Ĺʵһأž뷢ŭԷ
ôͬ⣿Ҫӡڳôˣ϶Ҳ뿴Ҫ飬Ӧ岻ݴǰɡ
ݷڣžҪ˵Ļ˿ȫؿڣҲ˵
òơ⻰Ǹղ˵Էģһֶ
ղ緢ָ㽭ɽڡ˸ݣˡ
ɻ
ƣȴҲ֪ղԷԷ˵ͬĻ޿ɺǣĿҪըǰʼī
ţ
û˵ĵ˵ͷ
˵ʵǼǳˣΪг𵱳ͱˡ
Էĵ⣬һͿˣȻˣҲûҪˡ
οһļ壬Ȣء
ѫֻǱһ£ͱͷˣȻ֪һģʱʵҲûʸ鷳ǡյϢ
ԷīϣմëʣƳ⾳ܹ룬ͻȻһ̧ͷԶɳ᳤
ɻ᳤֪Я黭鼮ġ߾ĶҪԽԽãһʵĵ㣬ԣˡ뿴ûƵ鼮Խһ£
߾鼮
û뵽ͷǰλҪ飬ɻ᳤ҡҡͷû٣黭ʦﲻԶҿԹȥȡһЩ
Ǿˡ
ȭ
ÿӦһɳ᳤ת߳䣬ʱ䲻»һһ鼮ǰ֮ࡣ
黭ʦ᳤ȡЩ鼮û˻˵ʲô
ǰܿɨһ飬װģóһַװϸĶӣʵʶȴͼݡ
黭ءء
һЦոγɵĵ鼮
ֻѧأȻƾ棬ҲƷĻʵϲδѧصĹ
ʱ󣬵ڻͨ
ְʱ󣬵Ҳڻͨ
³һе鼮˫۷Ź⡣
˿̵黭⣬Ȼﵽ۷壬Ȱǳ黭ʦˡ
ʦԿʼ𣿡
ǰλһ۵飬һһʱͭż
ˣ
ͷһǰ֮䶯ٴο˹ȥ
˵ղȫȫƾͼݸȱݣ⣬ѾԿô£ܶطʦͨȫˡ
Ҫʼˡ
ٶ˵ę̈Ӵ˱ʣ׼λãʷ

գ۹һͼͳǰڰգδ¡
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һɳ᳤ͫһ
п֣пŵ
ͬ飬ղžģֻƤëǰλ̺⾳棬Ȼﵽ˼֮
Σһ᳤
˵ʵԶԶ磬Է飬ÿһһԴζһ֣ƻ֮УƺʱĶȻ޽ӽ黭˾ˣҲ˺ܶ࡭
ɳЦ
ȻϣȴҲ֪Էʵ̫ˡ
ѹһۿڣ黭Դ۹Ѿܳҡ
⡭
һĻžǳ鴤ÿҪˡ
Էʱ򣬻һ˵Ҫָ㣬ڲ֪˼ۼ黭Ҫ֪ٱ
мǰŪǶ˶ˡ

˵У²ͣһŻģͼǰ
Ż
Żʲô
Ͳ֪ˣ⸱ɽˮͼǿӳڴһȻܽʵϣȴһľ롭ҪʶĻֻһ취ŻǰȻԶ

Ķ𾪣漴Ȼ
ڳĶԴ۷ȻӡνֶΣܹġ
ɽˮͼﵽƻõľ磬ܽʵϼԶҪԷǣֻǰȻҪһŻ

Żɣձʣüëһ͵һѹ

ī֭䵽˻ϡ
¡
һ֮ǰԶɽ̳ǰţͨ˶ֱ뻭С
ˣҪʼˡ
Щڣ˿תͷʦһۣʦ鷳ػ
Ȼ˲͵ϮҪСһЩ
ã
ʦǰ
ϥڵϣһһŸջŻ˽ȥ
ţʱеŨʪǰܿɽ
µɽ壬һƬʲôоͺ˺ҹ֪ûȼԵʣҲͣЪתķָ͵ص˹ȥ

һâҫʮŽΧȼ볹׼ԣһ˿
ˣâҲµĺڰȫˣɽĳǰ
һƬŨܵɭ֣طûʲô𣬲ɽ֮ϣͶ£һ鵭Ӱӣ֣һҪĤݵĸо
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Ӱ
ʦ
ʱĿʦȻһƽ֮Уָһ֣ʱ䣬ʱʧĸо
ǡޱ˿ľ󣡡
ȭͷ
ޱ˻ģʦӰȻҲǼٵģǰӰʮ㣬һֶĤ֮УͿġ
Ҳ˵
λޱˣۿ̫̣Ž仭˳
ʦ˵λޱˣʱʮƽӹһٰʮͻȻ򣬲Ϊͻͽ黭ҲͬڡѵΪ˿ʦӰͻȻ£
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˵ûйʲôԵš
Ϊ˿ʦӰһ򣬲ų˰黭ʦʵﵽ飬еУֽϡ
ʦ£ǣ̫껭֪֮Ϣһй¶Ȼ鷳鷳Ѿˣðƽڣ⵽˶֣Щʧٲˡ
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Ĵʦ˼άȻܶ飬ûͷһᣬƲһЩ
ʦΪλɽϳֵ֣ĵصЩ⣬˷֣ȻܴĶ
Ϊ黭ʦϾǿߣޱ˲֪ܲ
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ʦ˵ṬһȻżȿӰʲôط
Щͨæ̧ͷʦӰֵĵط˹ȥ

ܿҵ˾λã۾һҴҷӶȥ


1169 ˳ԡ
ޱ˿ĺϸҲϸʦֵλãʮδȷĳһһΧ
ܿǰ
һ޴ѷ죬ǻɫʯͷ
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УѰҾλãͼеĿʦζһ£һʧӰ١
ˡ
ɫһ
Ϊܶάһʱ䣬ڿ̫ˡ
ӰӦһֱ֣ԭĻӲбˣƻõ⾳Ҳʹڲ˶á
ټǧʱĥܼôãѾǲˡ
ˣ֪ѷҲãǲ֪ɽʲô
֪ʦӰѷ죬ԺɽʱȫԹѰҡ
Ȼǰϳɽʲôʲôλá
٣ɽûкһġ
λͭߣһҪƿӡϧٵһ˾᲻ǡ֪棬пʦӰ
볹׼ԣ˳ͻȻһ
ͭߣҽĿʾˣֲ˵ϧƻƷҪӡ浽ʲô
ѵѾǰ֪һЩ飿
֪֪򿪷ӡֿʦӰˣ϶лɣ
г˼
Ȼûλͭ߾ʵжߣҶ᳤ˣ񣬱Ȼͬ졣
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ͣһ£һûһֻëʣһУջ
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¡
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һ³۾
ô
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ɫһףҲҲļоԪƷʯ֮ģһ١٣ӦһָһЩ
һ١٣
ͭһ飺ⶫûУҪɹƳӡ϶
ԪƷʯⶫ۹˶û٣һһڣһ١١˵ó
ԷûЩöҡҡͷվָڻһ㡣


滰͵վ˸һˣո˯ѡ
ǡˣ
һ顣
ǿΧĻͻȻһֱȥ
ߣ
üëһͭһץΧĿռʱ
벽ϣ
һ֣̿ʵȻǰ벽Ͼǿߡ
ѹָӲڶ᳤ᡣ
סӲֻ˻ί
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飬׽Уָ
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ƺ˼ζһ£ɽİƣǱϯһͣĲʱɢ
Ȼԡ
һĻͭߺ᳤Ҳȫ۾ˣһȭͷ
ְ˾黭ϵķӡǵһ˵ܹ漣ȫǼ
֨֨
滭ͣζҲԽԽʱ䲻ҲܲסǱ˺ţƤѢžһڵϡ
ţ
ӡڵϣȫˢˢ˹
ʦҲ鲻Խɽм䣬Ҫʲôλͭߣż
ɽˮطľ󣬺֮ǰƺû̫
ʲô
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ֻɽмһѷУʯͷһȻȪٻӰӣнݡ
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1170 ˣϣ
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1171 ˣ£
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СϵԷӲ磬ֶΰãü
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ѧʲôʱֵһʥصСӣ˵ˣ
㡭ʲô


1172 Լʼĩ
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1173 ٽṬ
żҽλ˵컨׹亱УӵͼݣӵоԵţͬŰĶԷ޵
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а˸ҡʥ۷壬Ҫӵкż̸ٶҪλԽʥء
˼ŨŨѹȸС
ܴӿʼʥأֻ˲һʱ䣬ٶȼ죬סΪԽԽѣ
ǹԽԽ٣ԽԽңҪǣԴѷ
֮ǰһöƷʯͻƵһʮ󼶱𣬶ڡǾԪƷʯδܿ졣
ҪǣʥǣԪ񣬲ͻƣԡľйأǰһˡ
ˣֻ𣬵Ҫ˸ɡǺѵģҲûκΰգֻܷץʱ䡣
ϿأңҾܵί
ȭͷĿᶨ
̸ͨҲ֪ܴӦǾ˺ּ尾
ԷԼһˣΪˣͲܹ
ΣҪļ޸Լ˿ί
żҪĻǡͲȹȥ
˾ͨֻԼ꣬õɱ䣬øӾӴ⡣
ȡ֮ǰʥء
ϥڵϣʥءصĹٴһ顣
֮ǰѼˣڸպʱ䣬ûһ
һӳеõ17öԪƷʯġ
ͨʯѾûЧ
ƽľתʶһ˲Ԫ̥ǰ
ʥأ̥ӤҲԪӤԪ̥ںϣγӤ
أѵľԪ̥ƼɵҲν̥Ӥ
ߣ⣬޷ͻơ
ܲϵϣԪ̥ѾﵽǿޱȣҪƿҲһҪѵöࡣ
꣬
һ޴ĻԪ̥ǰ
ͻ̥Ӥ衣
һԪ̥ںϣڶԪ̥Ƽɵ̥黯Ӥ
ϵԪ̥ʮּ򵥣ֻҪںϴһŻܽУ֮ںϡ
ùеУԪ̥ϹȻһŻ
һֱȥ
꣡
һ£ͣڰգȲͣ鴤
áסˣ
Ļʵ̫ˣʥ֮»صʮףԪ̥ͬУĴڣɡͻȣǲ̫ˡ
겻ȥ
Ա仯ɴСҲһ޶ȵģͺôҡǲɵ
˰죬Žסǳ鴤ľᡣ
ԪƷʯˣҲû˿󣬿ɡ̫ˣ겻Ԫ̥ô
ȥû취ںϡ͸˵̥ƳӤˣ
ʲô¡
˼ΣͬסһβûγһƣҪˡ
̼ܵͼǿһͻأﵽԪ˵ڿ̫ˡ
ûκδ󣬵ǡ׻ʦǿȻˡ
üġ
ǰǻ꣬
Ҫ̥Ӥͱ뽫ںϡ
ߣ׻ߣ򣬶󣬶ܴﵽ¡
£ûܹޡ
ɹ׻깲ͬչǰûʲôָںϵʱ򣬾ͳˡ
ֶﵽ˼¡ͬˮںϣ
磬ĥһӵĹߣûĹܿԽ㵥ƯŪҲװСʡ
Ԫ̥ͻ壬ͬһֻкҴСĸȴӦһֱʮ׵˿װϲŹ֡
ô죿
˳
ǵһ
ǰӵǰ˵飬ֱͼںϾͺãڡû£Ҳû취
ѹֿʦ˵ҪߵĸԶҪ߳Լ·һζ̳ǰ˵ǻۣȻý죬ͬǰķͶѾдڵˣ
Ṭʦ˵ҪԼ·
ڲףԷѾ⣬Ÿ뾯棬ϧԼû¡
Լ·ôߣ
Ѿû˿ԽĿ꣬üͷг˼
Լ·˵򵥣ʵϣȴϼѡ˵ǲɵġ
ˣȥṬҵʦµʲô
˼ãûҵһ
һһöˮģĻƣͼ
ˮͽṬУЯֻǴδȥˡ
ȥ
Ϊˣӵнķһ˲ԭʧ


1174 ܿ

һ̣ѾṬʯǰ
޴ıȫƷʯ̶ɣĶѣҪ͵ߣڡּʯѾûʲôˣˣҲû
֡Ȼﵽƻõľ磡
۾ڡṬϡ
֮ǰ黭ְҵߣӣڿ֣Դﵽ˰˾
Ȼ򵥵壬˵ĸоһ黭þˣɻóУ޷԰Ρ
ţԣ֡ôЩԾ
һᣬ뿪ͻȻüͷһ塣
տʼ֣ûʲôоǿþˣڵȻ֮趯ʱŽ
ǴħƵз
ӳеĹ켣Щ㶡
ħƣʥѧģôֻӦ
ԣ
ѹת𣬶ʯɨ˹ȥ
ﵽĴħƣѾﵽĵľ磬ȻʯӴȴδúܵˡ
ˣ
źʯһӴͻȻ̴֣Źһ̴ԭʧ
۾ֽһռ䣬ǰĸַġ
ܿ飿
ͫһһּǰ
Щģһγһܿ顣
һᣬ֪ʮָԶκη
ѵʥĴУ
ȭͷ
ʥʯ񣬱ʧûü˵ԼĴģΪٲܵõˣû뵽Ȼһžܿʯ֮У
ż˶ȥصڣζ벻ʵĶͲ۵ĵط
ռ䣬ҪħƲܼʯǰ㷢⣬У϶Ҳ޷
˵õˡ
ܿ飬ȡ֮㣬졢صĿռֿпơ
ķȻʶ۾ɨе˼
׹ʹħһͬΪأﵽأͿվۣ֮Ҷ˿
һĽԺ۾ԽԽ
ӵʥĴУ⣬Ŀ֪꣬׹ǿĻԿռ佫ӵкǿĿֲ۵ռ䣬Ҳ˱ˡ
սԻᱩ֪ٱ
ܿ飬۷壬֮ǰλ򲻹Ҳȫߡ
Ǽɫס
ĿǰΪֵֹǿߣʥصʵþֶΣսʤӶӲҪܿͲһˣ
˵ﵽأֻҪﵽڶ۷壬ѶԷѹȣ˳֮زز
׹ҲкܸߵҪڶ۷壬ûгϾ۷ʵ
ܲںϳ
ܿ죬ķĶһ飬˳¼ͼݣ³һ
Щ죬¼ĹؼѾﵽ˾˵ĵزԺܿ˳ںϡ
ȷ
һͺһ鼮ǰ
ָһ㣬֪ʶԺ
γ˵һصڶء˺Զʣµĸ˵ˡ
ܿ쿴꣬ϲ
֮С
Ȼܿһ׷βͬӦҲȻͬ
ʱѼĹ߼ҲֻʥڣԴ۹ǺҪںܿͲ̫Զˡ
ܽһں㲻ˡ
һ¡
Ǽһعģ˳ʯռ䣬˸طȡԪƷʯʼ
ܿ飬һֽռʵĹ似ҲΪĹ
أտռ䣬Уǧڹڻ¡
عһΪ磬ֱǣءաʹ졣
һأޣسɴ磬һ׵ľ롭սȫ˲ܻ߽Ҳ᷽ܶ࣡
ʣתܿ⾳ԿռҲԽԽࡣ
֪˶ã۾վǰһ

Ѿڰ׿⡣
ɹˣ
۾һ
ܿ鲢ΪӶ٣ȴԿռ򣬱øǿ޽˱ûȣ
ٶȺͶԿռ򣬺︱һս
֮ǰʵܹԽս︱ְ벽Ͼǿߣ޷ʤģѧϰܿͲһˣԿռ˸ʶԷԪѹȣҲѣ֪ǰһ
ҪǣѧϰܿһأѾԲóһЩռˣ󷨣Ȼ޷۵ռһƷȴԸ̽ӣѹ
һЦȭͷ
֮ǰ̫޷ڽԪֻ̥Ҫ취һռ󷨣ѹпɽŻߵںϡ
ǺܺãġҲδ̫Щ
仯صüġ
ղֻһܿ飬ûﵽ۷壬ò׵õ17öԪƷʯͳĸɾˡ
׹ܹռ䣬սǲɶõľѧʯģҲһֲܿ¡
ţôྫԪƷʯӦ̥Ӥ۷壬ûʼˣһ
취Ǯˡ
վһΣ뿪Ṭ
Ԫ̥ķˣҪǣ취׬ȡԪƷʯ
ûǮӡһ춼ù
ȥ׬
صסδżţǵͷ˼
Ҫ׬ǮҲҪҵطУԴ۹ңó17öսʦҲֻʮö
ҵࣿ

֪ԼԴǲ죬ٶҲãվ߳˷䡣
ʱѾֻ糿ѾЩȡ
ҵͼѾʼľȻֻǶ̶̼죬ԪȴøӾϢҲӻ
ôɻ
֪ԷȥӦò˶ãͿԾϽ٣ϾڣЦЦʵ
ϵ˱սʦôߣӦѾˡ
Ǻǿܼңȫյˡ
Ц
ȺʦǺѾٺˣ֪ôʦĹܼǿ
ǿʵô֪ΪΣˣһĲˡ
ǣλܼңԷ룬һȺʦͳĳԱ
Ȼͬսʦõһӡ
սʦù໥ѧϰ໥Ҳ
ͷ
⵹ǡˣʦŵ۹սʦã⼸ͻн㿴ûпգڵսʦǣϼڿΡ

ŵ۹սʦãһ㶡
ǣ⣬ھ˵ͷ


1175 һϰ
жսʦãǡԪƷʯ಻ࣿ۾һæ
ȱǮȱˣҪǰķŵ۹սʦãʮָеĻǿ취
һսʦã޼ټģӦûپԪƷʯɣ
ǰλһھʯЦҡͷ
޼
ǰ۹ķŵ۹һ˸ĸ۹ʦã𶼱ҪһЩһײ㡣ʣµĸԴ۹ڣһιģǺߣѡ˲ţȥǱŵ۹Уһʮ
͵ԴսʦãֻܵõɼһֱףκύĶ࣬ϣܹȡ
ȥǱ۹Уʲôʥأ֡
ȥ۹ΪǵĻأаѲǱ۹ҲƵʥأ
Ҫ˵ʥأȷһǱ۹һأ̺⽣ܹѧϰսмˣԴսʦ˵ʮҪõԽ࣬սʦܲĽҲ࣡

۾ˡ
ǣϴνõһĳԶŵ۹͵õֵܼܲϰپԪƷʯĽ
ŵ
ϰپԪƷʯǼ
ôྫԪƷʯȫͻƵ̥Ӥ۷壬ԳԪ۷ˡ
ǣ˵ͷʵʵֽ;ЩƣÿıжԾõʤԽ࣬ܲȻҲģսʦúսʦ˵Ҳһּ
׹
սʦʦõľӣ֮дƴҲӦõġ
ûжԱȣûѹ۾ӻǾͶûɢ
ʦܹæָ㣬ҪýҿԶһɾԪƷʯֳһ㣡Ҳ֪ҵȨֻܶһ룬˾Ͳˡ
ǰλսǿͬ޵УҪǣս似⣬ﵽ˺ŵĵز
Ȼָĺ٣ȴÿһ仰éٿȻָĻԴսʦãܳԽĳɼﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ˣ̲סڡ
ɽ
û˵꣬꣬Ӧ
Ц
ȱľʯ˵һĽ֮һҲֵû˼
Ǿô˵ˣ⣬ʣսʦõˣھͻʦҪôѵҿսʦϣ
Ӧ˿ʵ
˵Ҫʲôߣμӱ˿ɷѡã
ʵ
ҪʮλߣӲϷ⾳ʼһֱʶ۷壬պöʮС𡭡֮ǰѡˡ
ͷ
ӲϷ⾳ʼʥʥվʶ󾳽磬ÿгڡڡڡ۷ĸС𣬼պöʮȼ
ÿǿߡ
ǣȥ
ȻѡˣʣµҲ򵥣ֻҪÿóһ棬ȻټָãܷӳǿЧ

ЦЦæǰ·
似սʦдĵطޱȣм䴣ĸ̨Χ޽˿̨;ңսʦսϢ
ûУХƺڱԣžǸֺй
߽ţȻеһ̨ϣλսʦڱ䣬ۻĴһһĿϾӡ
ʣʮսʦΧܣÿľʹͷ˷ܵغ
һۣȻˣϢʯƣԼ似ʩչָĽ
ˣڸԵö۷Ĵڣܱѡϣ޿ɺǡ
ʦ
߽ͣһȭ̬ȹ
ţÿʦزҽܣҲʶ˰ɣ
ǰ
˵ͷ
⼸ڸãֳĶսʦöַˡ
һͨļ¼ÿһﵽ󼰵ĵز˲ò
νսʦʮӣԣרҽָ㣬ϣλܹúϣŵ
ǣ
ָ㣬۾ȫˡ
ʵǿܽһͨʦѧԺͨʦָıͬսʦǿѾƿֲˡ
ܵõָ㣬룬ʵȻܹõʵķԾ
ʦɣ
ЦЦ
ţ
˵ͷ˸ǰҲ˵һһģͷ˫ϣ

һ㶡
ţ
Ȼ֪ǰλĿʲôȻҪҲ˵ᣬ˫һ𣬰˸ʵʵ
һ£޷ѣһٴתһΣ̨档
ΪѹƵϷ⾳ڣȻ󡭡һϰɣ
һһΣʥ۷ֱ½ܿ䵽Ϸ⾳ڣվڱ̨һǡ
һϣ
ʦ˼ǡס˫֣ôһս
սǵǶʮˡ
ʦʵס˫֣սʤ֡δЩ̫д˰ɣ

Ķ˶ɫǺ죬۾
ô˵ǶսʦѡγͬĴڡ
λܻһЩʤһһȺס˫֡δЩ̫Ʋ˰ɣ
ôң
˵껰ȻŭȴƤһ̧ӡôһ뿪ԭءͬ䣡
˵Уڵһȡ
̨Ӳĵͳ⻬Ľӡһ㡣
þ
ͫһ
̨ΪҪսನõļ̵ʯ⻹˸ַӡĲϷ⾳ڣȫδܹºۼԷһμ粻ҡͲȳԵӡǡ
֮֮񣬼ֱš
ʦĻ̶ȣģ˫֣˫ŲƶʤǣҲûôװɣ
𾪹һλսʦһһΣϸ̨ԣܹʤңһҲ٣
ʯƣ
λΪϢͨļ¼ǿѹΪʮ겻ͻƣһͻƣȻʥڵĸ֡
̨ȫ˵ͷ
ҶսʦõսʦλʯƵʵʮŷģ֣պÿ̽һ£λʦס˫֣ס˫ţܷӳǿս
֨֨
̨ϣʯҲ˵Ϣѹƣգ۹һ˲Ϸ⾳ڡ
ʦͽ̣
ѹΪʯ˫ֱһӿ̨ڣһ̣˹
δѵ
ʯ쾪غ


1176 ΢

ǰλ̶̼첻ֶѾǰȫֻͬĵ˵ͷҲˣһࡣ

ʯƴƣļ˿մ
һ¶ܣյʮ־ֻ壬һףԷüУһףȻˡ
ǡ΢
̨µͫһ
ʲô΢
һλʦв⣬ʵ
΢ʵϸ΢սʱܹݶԷֱֹķΧֺ£Ҫ˷һ˿ܹܶһǰ׼ֶΣ˷ʤ
͡
΢˵򵥣̫ˣʵмߵҪԡҲб׼
ͺһüģ֪˵Ҳţ鲻Խ΢ǼԼԶǵܣӭȥھĵطչ
ܶϾǿߣ޷磬Ҳû뵽ʦѾﵽˡ
꣬п
Ͼ
ȫ𾪣ѹλʦ¼츳ȷǣ޷ġ
֮УʯƵƣʼһΣգ۹Էؿڣһ

ʯûü͵ɶڵϡ
ˡ
ɫһףʯæȭ
ղһ£ѾףԷˣȻֻǵô򵥣ֱܿӱһײ
һϰɣ
ˡ

ڶսʦûɣͬʱϸ̨
ΧȻ󡭡似йܹܵĹȥ
Ⱥһ꺰˳
ǽ
λ似ţս˽⼫֪࣬˫˫ֱʲôط
֣
˼һΣʣµʮˣΧסһȣͬʱԼóģٶ似ʩչ˳
ಣ
̨ϣ˼ٵķ·ʸǰң˹
ô
̨µ۾գգ
սʦõˣϻ󷨣ܶˣʱضܽϣӳһһĳǿս
ʮͬʱܶΪѹƵ˲Ϸ⾳ڣսʥ۷ǿߣʥ¶ⲻסᱻࡣ
УϾʵȫת£̨ϵһжˣ˵һйȫС
ȭͷָơָؽڡͷ­ơȫγ˹ʮˣսʦܳͬʱʩչٹܵĿңһ
˿񱩵ĹɫԽԽף鲻ԽĲ
˵ѹΪڣ¶ֵס
𺳣̲סȥҪζͼԷվԭأһûЩӶһ㡣
㲻ѹΪҲˡ
żڽţͫ׶Ȼ
ʱŷ֣ԷûǶ̫ˣ̫ϸ΢ˣƾֻۣʶܲ׽һ

ϸ΢Ķ£йȫ˿մôΧͬʱ֣Ȼûһϣ
⡭⡭
ɡ
ԼΧԷʱƺûôҲͶ̶ʱ䣬ô仯ô
ͺǰλܵĿռ䣬ȫգǰ滹ǺĹܿһĺ岻
ˡ
𺳣̨һ
·ĵֺңԶʱնֱӽУ鲻ԽЩѣΡ
ˣħ
ͫһ˵Ϳ̨ΧʮˣгãƺЩκ

ţҲûȻĿһȦ
Ķ죬źͶׯһԼıʿֺһλʦӿεѧ
һգ۹ж޾Ŀ־;η
ͨ
һλľսʦҲ̲סֱӹڵأҴˡ´Ҳˡ
һ£Ҳᣬ嶫ᣬǿס
üˣѾˡ
æϸ̨ٴοԶλʦĵĺȻ
ʮͬʱ˫û뿪棬˫ֱס׶˱Ĺ˵һ仰þһŵòҷ
̫˰ɣ
ǣ
ŷӦһͷ亹鲻Խĺˣٴοͬһͷ
һΧɶʱж֪Էɱǣ϶Ѿʬˡ
ʦղӦõǡʦְҵɣ
ǵ𾪣ǰ̲סʵ
Է˵ħʦ츳һܵ˾ʦ
ͷ
ʦҲɢŨصϣɴ۾ǲ⡣
ӡʦǴźܱ¶˺ĵġղʦ񣬴˲ҷֹͬʦҲ
ʦȻ˳ԣ˼򵥵ĻʦҲְҵ£۷壬һһԳӳս
һѿ
ʦֻ·͸ĵˣܹҲͲΪְҵˡ
ϣΡ
һְҵֻܹаǲܵġ
ܽˡ

֮ǰΪսʦһֱƲ𾪺ʦְҵΪŪɧڲ֪ûƲְҵֻƲˡ
һϣûҷֺûвҪһεģ
ٴοˡ
ҡ
Ͷأ
ϣʦܹúָ㣬ʲô岻ݴǡ

ˢˢ۾ǻȡ
˵֮ǰֻ츳˫ͨսȻףԷսӦ䣬ͲЩ˿Աġ
߲ʮǧͬն
ܸѧϰ˵¡
ţ
̬ȳ׸ı䣬ĵͷ
ס˫֣˫źͶԷսΪװƣǴһЩŵģǳװݷ
ֻܸõˣƶƻڣ̥ǵı仯
ãȻûںұԣڿʼÿˣвͬĿϣڣɣҲ飡
ǣͬʱͷ
ţǺĳԱͬ۹⻹սʶ̫ǿͬһŰֽдֱڿΣܴǲһܶսѾˣֻǽεĻ΢ֻʹ취
ȫӦһȡֽţд˶ʮѵƻ
ˣÿһˣרƵѵƻȥϸɣ
һӹȫ˷ܵؿ˹ȥֻһۣȫͫӿҪڵϣÿҪˡ


1177 ѵ
սʦóϵ
ȥʦˣ
κü
ǰµĲӦѾʼڿˡεͷ
ʦ֣ҾͷˣһͨʦѧԺսƽӹѧܱʱڽĺսʦһǿͬҪ˵ˣ
ǰֻж̶죬֣ӦÿԴսʦãøǿ󣬻ܳ벻ջ񡭡
εҲп
Ҳύ֪λʦݵĿ£ѧϰսսҲͻͽﵽ˼ĵز
ĿΣκ̲סڡ
Ŀ
ţʦڿΣѵȺСһģܹѧһԺҲԼѧٽʵøǿ󣡡
κź롣
⵹ǡߣһ𿴿
ҲЩĶεվ
ʦЩսʦϿΣʲôܣΪϿҲûʲô
˿˹ȥ
ôǿŵģ
ûǰͷĳ󿪣ͷʽѵȫͬ
Ҵ˹ȥĴһ˶ûУҪѵĶʮˣȫʧˡ
أ
λԡ
˵ѵҪεô˶ûˣ
и࣬ȥʡ
תһȦûˣκһָ
εȻԶһһ·ıԱˢͰ
λѣղûпһȺսʦޡޡ
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1178 ã
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ǣһλʦȻ³çҵңұ롭֮λǵϣǿߣǶҺ֡
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1179 
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۳ɹܲһͬ⣬͵ڸڵķֲû˲ţƽıǩ϶ᱻܲʣһӢһ
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ҧгݣڷ˻𣬾;ؿһƣٴѪɫһףæǰİʦңңݺݵĳңҪҪ
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1181 Ųҳ㰡
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һȻǿȣǲ̫ˡ
һָɣǰʦ˫ֱ󣺡Ϊ˽ʡʱ䡭һϰɣ
һҪͬʱսôࣿ
˰ɣ˵ֻʥ۷壬ǳϾҲⲻס

Ļȫˡ
иϹʦ򡭡ôʦʵĶﵽ˰ʥһֵĻںһضܱ˵һʶ۷壬ϾҲԵֵס
֣Ҿˡ
÷ϻһΣ˸ǰͬ˵ը
֮רר֮ڳϣĳ¡
һ߽⣬һǰ
Ǹʲô
ڽеķ͹
˵ս𣿽ʲô

ΪֱӳȺʩչȫսζû뵽ǵû֣˵һЩϵ֪ʶȫЩ¡
Сģʩչʦڡս֮
֣ż
˵ʵĺˡ
žôţųԴ۹һڶԷǰһ仰Ųסƾ㣬ͿԿλľ̶ȣ±ֻǿ
ľʦڣȺ˵ǻԵѡ
˵ȶʦҪֲ
ʦཫֶʦʦڣȫԽ־ΪãΪԼѧ
ʦڣǵġҪ˵ĺܶԣ
˵ҾΪһ
²ֹ벻ϻ˾ת̫ˡ

ĺҪȴ̲סҪѧϰöԷʵ̫ˡ
ȥһᡭæ˵
˭Ҷ֣Ҹ˭θպеȱݣֲܹҵĿ϶˳ͻƷ

Ⱥ۷׷ףŵգգ۹򣬾ͱѧۡ

뱻ק˺üץ
磬ѣڴãǽ
ȥԴ۹ʦõʦ¶ҪΪĵӡ
ัɫǰ
ղűԷһĵĲڲָ
֪ǡʦڣû취ϣǡ˵д󣡡
ɫǺ졣
ʦڣǽݷϴĹֻҪִ˻⾳±ǡ
Ҫȵʲôʱ򣿼ȻʩչȻǰ˹Ρ
︱æ
ô죿
ܼ򵥣ž͵Ϯ֡ڱ䣬Ҳ˵ˣһϣҲʲôֻҪɹܹʦڣʱĴҲʧˣ
︱Ц
ã
һ£˵ͷ
ʦڣܴϣ֣϶Цžһ
֮ԵԱʱ֣Ҳʲô
һæķϵԷ
žرδʦڣʱоʲô漴Ĵ
Ͷ֣
Ըž۾
һָɣ棬Ҫ

һıǰɢ˵Ϣ
ȻƷļƷʥ
ƷʥһλžһóļƷƸ֮࣬ƿֲ
ȥ
üëžһơ

ֱڽε̶
ҪɱԷҪʦڡ
ƷʥԪǿߣƷʥҲʶǿ޼ͬʱ֮󣬾︱Ҫݱ棡
̣
֮ӵоţ˭£ô塣
ʦСġ
û뵽žʱȻ͵Ϯһʦż̲ס˳
Էڴã֣ܳȻ͵Υ˹涨

УڿлһȣȥûһڽΡ
Ϣת̥ЩơҪøǿ˴ǶԣԱǿˣͬڣȻҲøǿͬƷʥеӵԪʵеӵгϾʵǲʺôǡ̫
ıױĨɱǡ
ڿۣγһƬƬģĶ׷¡
󱳵ıЩȫͣһڿС
ɱ
ȫû뵽ֱͣžɫһףӿ
ЩģϱΪ˿ȴͣѲɡҲΣ
ʦڣֻܶʦʩչ
ɶʱ򣬶ԱҲʩչˣ
žÿҪˡ
ǡʦ֮ģн࡭
ǰһڣ鲻ԽĻζһ¡
ʦڣֻܶʦʩչ̻ܵ壬İնԷתԶΪѧ
˿̣Էݣ˵Ȼʦ֮ģн࣡
ӵʩչʦڣʦͨˣͬܵƻ
Ҷ֡
һֱԭأ˰춼ûžͷƤըٴ

ûղŷɳȥƷʥ̵ŷ˻

ֻһ£ͽĵɳȥٴǽϡ
죬ͲҺúΣ֪Ϲ٣ٷϻŲҳѾģ
һǰһתٴλص󣬰ͬһεСѧʱʱζ£ʾԼˡ


1182 Ʒ
žˡ
Ŀˡ
Ϊӵܣţ֪ŵĿ£˴ָܺܿɡԼıһ٣ؼвپͳ顭
Ǳʹ޷
⻹ҵı
˸Σڱ
ƣ̲סҲ˹ȥֻһᣬҲ̲סնԷ˵ķʽת
⡭ڼ嶼⡭ֱˣ
žζ
ӵܣȻеġ
Էݣû˿ڣȴֱָģɣ˳ݡƾһ㣬ǿ֪ٷ
УܼȥȻҿ϶ҲܵݣΪѧ
оЩ룬žҧ
ľȻȣ㲻ʲôͨʦȣǿʵ̫ˣټϾԷԶʦھܹѡ
ǿסǿȥŴǽϽԼٳôƻԷڿΣͼһĥƨŤ˹
һѡ
һ£ûվ³һžк
֪ǰŮӣʵ˿˷ĵز˵һ£㿴һۣ˷ܺܶ졣
ž
ƣŶԷ;ؿһۣ޴ẖֱ̂˹
ಣ
ٴεɶһײǽϣڴѪ
죬´ٿʦΣһδһΣ
һĥٴŤŻԶ
ž
ˣû뵽ҳϵķ˿Ҳˣλʲôħ
ƵĿҪѪٴһᣬҲⲻסʱնԷĻת
Ϊ˶˵ϢҲٻָ
Խ࣬Խð롭
ˣͽʲôʣ¿κ󣬿Եң
֪˶ã˰֣
ǣʦ
ʦʦˢˢݵһóϷ
λʦεʱ䲻ȴǳԺȻܹΪ
žҲݵû˿ɡ
ˡ
⸱ģ֪ǲˣһ˼ꡣ
Դ۹ʦãλʦΪܳɹֹסԷ޷ɹ˼ҽһΣȫѧ
֪졭Ͳ˵ˡ
ֵˡ
ƣ̧ͷȥͼλั
õĵһأսʦõʦʦ˶Էѧֻʣλ
ʦֺͶԷã϶֡Ҳ˵ֻʣˡ
ȻزҺһս
е׿һ³
˶ˣںඪһЩ
ô˵ǳϾǿߣȻû׽٣㲻ϣʵҲࡢʦĸԱȵģ
࣬һԿţҪ֣ʦãˣҲܲҪϣ
︱Ҳһ
۷ʦһʦ֣ѾˣһΧĻûˡ
ǣһ⣬಻֪Щʲô˵
ʦûɹ׽٣㲻ĳϾǿߣʵҲܹģսʱҪСһЩ
빶ʮ׵ľ룬ʦڶ
۶Դܷʲô£ʦԲܳ˿⡣
ţ˵ͷ
ϾǿߣΪαϡ͡ϡǰָԪܹȴûо׽١
û׽ٴԪǿҲһľԣͺûоʥٵĻսԲܴﵽ˵زһ
αϣʵȰ벽ǿ󣬵ĳϾڻһľ롣
ˣҲʮֿ£ܹΧĻͿռ䣬˷ʤ
ְɣ
֪ǰλӦǳλ⣬ǿĶ֣ء

Ҳ˵۾˫һѹ˹
Ҳۻ룬ԪܵĿռ䶼һ㣬ճޱȡ
Ͼٿؿռ䣬жѣûѧϰʥܿ飬ܻû֣ͻᱻУ޷
ܵΧı仯ип
Ͼǿ߲Դ۹۷Ĵڣûо׽٣ҲʵԿġ
ˣ
ϲû˿ڵһֱȥ
ûﵽϣܿƵķΧƣֻҪܹ룬Ͳܵ˿Ӱ졣
˵𣿡
Цһһץ˾;Ŀռ䣬һ㣬˵ٶ
似Х֣
Ȼֻͨʥ似ڶԷȴʩչ˳ڵ
̣
γɵһ
еһճͣ˵ٶٴμ
֮ǰһ˳ʮףڿ׶˲ˡ
ʦ
пһͻȻֹͣˣһΣѾԭʧ
ˣ
Լץ˿գͫһ˵漴һӰͻأǰһӡ
ԷȻֵû
ʵҲˡ
Ͼǿ߱˵ɣʵ𣿡
Цüһâ˸޴Ԫְգգ۹ͺȫƾԷֻв׵ľ룬ȴҲ޷ǰ
ǳϾʵ
ؽڷף׺ͶԷĲࡣ
ѧܿ飬ԿռѾһоʵǿߣӲ
ҵļˣ
֪Լļٲ̽ȫѨһ˲ը
ۻѨӿ˫գ۹Ǳǧ໥ӣ͵˹ȥ
ǧƣôôǿ
бĶˣȻ
ʦϳƷȫһ㶡
ǧƣʥƷ似˴ƣ״ǧ֣ʵΪɢÿһƵǺǿʵԼǿĶ֣Իãû̫Ч
ǰλʦʩչȫͬÿһƶʮ㣬ŻصϢ˵ͬ𣬾Ԫ۷ǿϣпܻᱻ򱬣
ȻơҪ
һλʦ̲ס˳
ͬʱĬһеɡ
ǰһ˲ϰƣÿһƶ۷СѧᣬҲûά֡
ΪڵһҲеġ
˻
ĳ£ܱĿռǽһ˺ѣһԪĿƣ˿С
Ĵָָһ£͵һ
¡
һ޴ӡƿնֱԪ
⡢⡭
һĻȺžɫһףߴһλʦǲǵãһдƷ
ǵãλʦҡͷ
ž


1183 
ģʥµĴħƣ˵ʥ̾ĸ߾Тʹ֮£Ʒ졢ءˡйԪ˵һ
žæͣɡ
ΪӵܣѪòõԴ֪ʶͼʶǷԶԴ۹ַŵ۹Աġ
ʥʦӣ󣬴ħƾ㲻۷ƷȴС

ĻĵԽԽǿ磬ˢˢˡ
粻ֹײ
ţ
ƺҲϳУһĲ
ݵˣʥħƣȻֻ֪һۣͼؿҪըˡ
ѰҶ겻ɵãζû뵽ǰȻʩչ˾ǿ

𺳣͸еѹ
ӵۣ֮ﵽ΢սİں֮䣬Է鼤˴©Ȼһۿ˳
ԪһƴڣҲ£鲻Խĺߡ˲ɫһ죬Ѫ
Ȼ˲ơ
ϾĹʦˣ
˲󼶱𡭡
̫˰ɡ
ʦʶħƣˣȫһ彩Ӳš
о޵еʦõǿߣֲУѪˣֱš
ҿղΣûȥսȻѾڵˣ
ǰʦʴȡ
˲ͷϵ亹ҡ
֮ǰʦڣûչʾʵЩԲʦã˿޸С
ʵȣĳȥҲ򲻹
С
סΣѹסƣæѯͼ꣬ٴ˹
εۻ룬ȻûнĴƣȴ˿
ҿ⵽ǲĴħơ
֪սˣٲȥ룬㣬Ҳӭ
ղһֱʹõǳϾǿ߲еĿռڣԼͶԷսһ
˫ǰ棬ͬˮһǰÿһ£оͶһһ
ʥ似ˮƣ
д˵һλʦۿϪˮˮ򴴳˫Ƶӣˮһ಻ƶһա
ϳˣ֪꣬Ѵﵽ¯ĵزһг֣ħƾͱ棬¡
Ҳˣ̧һ㣬ָǳתһٵĹâǰ
ָ
һʩչƷһʩչָ
ȫһžˣš
Ʒָ似תķǻɣ£ʩչƷʩչָ˳ߵ⣬ͬʱʩչƷָˣ
˵ǣ¶
أ
ָƿնˮ̴̱һСҲǼˮû֮ǰķ
꣡
ͬһʱ̣ħƵѹˡ

û뵽ȫٴαԷƵĺˣأΪȭٴγ˹
䣡
ٶȼ죬һӣԹϰС
ʱ츳˫˲֪似ղһսʮְɡܹ⣬ɡʦõĸ࣬Ѿ˰ʮ似ˡ
һλʦݷףųеս̲ס
Űٶ꣬Ϊٶˣ˳ѧϰܶ似ﵽͨ޿ɺǡλʦŶʮ꣬ͬʩչ˶似ÿһǿԶ⼫
ôģ
˰ʮˡһλʦ
һ˵Ҳעˣһ۾ԲЩš
似ÿһŶҪѲ֪پһҲԴﵽ¯࣬ǰλһ似Ͷյ˴ɵزֱš
žһŵͷҪˣ
ип
֮ǰǶžһɿԽĸ߶ȣǰλ֪꣬߸ͬһϡ
Ӧð
˵𾪲ͬһʦüͷ
ʦôˣһλʦǰ
ʦóľϸ΢ҵȱݲԹսȴδʩչô似ôоĥԼ
˼˰죬ʦеɻ˵˳
ʦڳ˲ۼġ
ܹһۿ˹似еȱݣã벻Ч
ɺλսôã似ȴȱڣҪϻ֣ܶǡĥԼ
ĥ
λʦһΡ
֮ǰ˸˵ʶļһͳϾս취ʤĥ϶öԷǲǷˣɵˡۼ漣ʦ˵ܾţȴҲ֪ģ
빶սĥλ׶ǿţս
䣡
ٴУƵúˣһ³
ʦµĲȷĥ似
òһ֣ȫӵޣսʦѧϰ似ʹõԽԽ˳֣ڻͨ
ǳϾڵҵȷǶ֡
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
սһϧͻƵ̥ӤͳϾ̫ˣƾĻ޷ʤ
ȻսʤԷѣҪܶԷֶξͶˣ
ƷһѹסԷĽüëһָһ
ಣ
һ֮ϰö켤գ۹˹ܡ
ڵһ̤
˲ͱ
Ṭʹﵽ۷󷨼𣬵ƾʵսʤѣ󷨣׶ˡ

֡
õǸ߼ڼ󷨣̫ǿǾ㹶ҪƿҲҪʮʱ䡣
սʮ˵Ѿܾˡ
󷨳֣ʲôʶҲӲȥֻеһһζԽԽ죬ȫһǺȻ
꣡
άʮʱ䣬󷨻ɢ챻һУջؽָ
ôͽսˢˢȥȫԭء
ֻղŻɷǺ׷ͯյ˿Դڵ£ȫѪûһá
Ȼ͸ղô̵ʱ䣬Ѿ⵽˷Ĺ׵ϲˡ

ӵ°Դ˳ǵûΪʧܶеʹ࣬ǰ꣬ڴ˷ܣʦʡղʩչĿʥĴħƣ
ǣ
ͷҲϡ
֪Ʒһ£һҧܲܽң
ôѧ
ǣ
̣



1184 
ʦ֮ģнࡣ
λл˽Ƿǣʶ˲ʵԽǿԽǻôܽʥƷгȥ
ƢƣȴϺˡ
ʲôΪӣʲô˲գһķִ硣
쿪ˡ
һȻ
ֱƵĶԷдãȴѧϰԷ似ôܣ
ûŪѾǺܸˡ
ˡҡҡͷʦͨһأ
һսʤһʦõʦȻɡ
šҺัû
˶ԷĻ
ҶǶ֣ȻӲǣԣ벻Ѿû塭
ҡͷ
ҲǶ֣䣡
౧ȭ
Է䣬ϧ
˵ʵϣԷӦȻñһ٣ȴ죬Զû취˵
Ȼ䣬Ͳ˼ˡ
ϾֻǴãɱڡ
ʦߣʦ
ʦ̺һʦڣ۷ʦЩˣеĴﵽ˰ƷߡҪͨöԷϿɣѡ
ˣһսʦʤڴ˵Ǻ׵ġ
ѵ⡣
ʷϲ֪ţڴˡ
󣬲һῴһ߲ĸǰһ纣ѹ˷ĸо
֪ر֮ǰҪѣһУ˽ȥ
ʧһλʦ̲סڣʦܳɹ𣿡
ѣԴ۹ʦãڰ˴ŵ۹֮У̫ǰʷϣҲλǼʦĺʦǴﵽ˰Ʒµѧʶ²ôͨģ
һλ֪ʦ
ǰʦܴﵽǣǿﵽ½۷ˣ֪ʶľǶ⣬һ˿Կġ
һλʦͷ
ԸͨɣͨΪѧҲɣ
ǰҲϣͨôû˴ˣﴳҳɹˣԺȥҲнʱˡ
ڴ
ۣ
˵ĶԻڶУ˵ĹûѹؿڵѪ˺üڣա
˴ãõʦ޲ýնɱԼߵãȫͲöԷɹ
ڵʦãһ˴óɹҲܶ˵ĺòãƨ
õʧʦܲͨѾʧģ¾ܲ׷ΣڵʦҲһԸķԸˡ
ı飬ʦ֪Щʲôҡҡͷ
ัʦ£أôʦͬʱֳô󶯾϶Ҳסˡ
ƾһ֮ͿʦõսʦҽΪѧֻǰʦ֮꣬ȴҲ㹻˸Ĺˡ
һλΪ˲飬ݡݸʦһͻʦѷ
ҡ
ҡ
ԴӶԷÿʼҲ֪Լλ뷭ˡ
ֻû뵽֮ǰһ𲢼սսʦǣѵ˳ס
ѵˣ
˻ΣɫȻ
λˣûǰƽģһжԼĵλǡõֱӦҲӦá
λʦʲô
ؿܣҲ̲סѯ˳
ҼŬŵʦȭͷзŹ⡣
һΣգټѣҪˣѧϰ̬ȣҪѧϰġ
ҲΪŬ˺ѧĳɾͣᣬӵԼ޷

ʦĴţûͣЪȥ
ʦ֮ǰһΣ֪
𶼺ܸߣˣսʵ϶ǿһЩʦĶ磺ڿΣȱݣָ似
ˣأҪĲʵΪѧ֪ʶ
Ҳʦþ߱ġ

ǰ˲ԶһӰǰǵһصػߣԴ۹ʦãһǧǰ߳ȥİƷʦ档
ʹãʲôί
߹õģȻֻǸʮ꣬ʦü
Ϊ˱סԼλãס
ȭϸ˵һ顣
£һһʦҪˡ
ͣҡҡͷٴοȻίΪԴ۹ʦػߣͨίãʦϺڣ
ǣͷ
ҵĿˣܼ򵥣ָ似
Է̬ȳϿңʮĵ˵ͷʩչһ似ҳ㣬ҳһͨ
ãɫһϲ
ǰλ꣬ǵûţɣһظĸоüҪΪҳһȱݣʮּ򵥣ΪƷʦʩչ似Ȼ⣬޸ĹΣûģһȱݾ٣пܲ۷ʦҪգ£֣꣬
֪ˣ㿪ʼɣһҪȥһء
ͷ
㡭
ǲãʦһ˦䡣
ԼðʦԳ⣬Ȼûô򵥣һȴḡҪȥһءȷܹͨ
似˿֣ҹ۲ɨҶ޷ץȡȴճסижģʩչһ¸㿴
ʦʮָſһָͬγ˷ڣǰ϶ᱻסҪ߶ѡ
似δʩչҲʲôаΪ˵ɻءһʮУһбһǵһУ˿ߡҽʮʩչ꣬ʱʱ䣬ܹҳһȱݣͨҲͳȥɣ
һʩչʦһߵ
ĴãԷʱ䣬ǰλԴ󣬳ԲѷֱʱҪԷ
ʱ󣬷ֲˣٸޡ
ʩչʮУҲʱˣھ˵ɣ
ҡҡͷ
ֻܵʱ⣬ҪģǾ쿼ʦ취׬Ǯʵûﵢ̫ࡣ
ھ˵
һ㶡
һУҪ˵ѲɣһͿȱˣ
˿֣ŲӦʥڵ似УŵϿǰ֮󣬳ֲƣѡȱҲģҸտһۣԵĹһ£š37ȱݺ©
ڡ
37һ
ʮ似һУܲܿȱ㶼δ֪һſ37
һ˲䣬жλõļһûһ˿øС
ǰ
ûɫˣΪԷţ̾һ似ҪʵĥϣսܷûڹˣҲûĥϹֻ37˵ʵҲ㲻ˡ
㡭
ʶòͣζûס˵˵37˵ŲһƳ㣿


1185 óɹ
ô˵ˣǺãھͺ˵˵
Է⸱̬ȣô֪࣬ѧϰԴãдŽζ˵ȱݣ˿֣ɨҶɱ֮⣬ֻвƣû⾳⣬Ϊ飬Ϊգֻ鼶似ûеҲˣΪʥǿ߲ʩչľУȻ⾳ȫޣȻ³ɣ
⡭һ㶡
ʥ򼶱似ҲвҪ⾳Ϳʩչģ⾳ڵĻҲǿ
ϸ˵ȷһȱݡ
еʱ򣬸ոտʦɨҶǵûɪĴãŵеܴȴû⾳
ڶȱݣ˿ͷƶ֣ȷֽҲֻһЩͬ𣬻ͨĸ֣ң
һһץָ˿߽ȫ֡
㡭۾Բ
дδ⴫ֻڸղŶԷǰʩչһ飬ѧˣ
ôɣ
ԣкҸղʩչЩһͻȻһ㶣æĶ
ԷкĽ˿ƣܿһģһЩϸ΢䶯λߵġ
Ŷ̫Ķһ£
˰֣ҪңҰѻ˵ꡭ
̫ˣĶһ£
һʶٴλζһ£æʩչ˹ȥòơȷõĻҪãǿ

𾪣Ϳһֻĳһ㡣

ǱҪĽڵ㣬գ۹һӿܾһ㣬͵ļٷɻء
˿ߣ˴Զܿõ޷ߣȱҲʮԣ⴦һ֣ԷֻһָͻɣǵûˣȽԼŪˡ
ͫһ
еȷȱݣǡһ۾ͿȱݵٶҪȵƷƷʦҲ֮Թ
ڶУ߾ƣһ˿ܴƣпãǡԷֱֳնϣ˳ߣ˵ꡭ

š
һΣòơҵڶлûʩչҲû˵ô֪֣һ֪ȱݡ
˵˲Ҫңô򵥵һУҲƳˣֲѡ
Щͷİ˰֣УҶ࣬ȱ࣬ʮߴռ˸ֱǡ
Ļ渵ÿһ˵ʮϸ似еȱ㣬ϵķţԼƽ֮ȫϸֻ˼䣬֪˵ȫԣ似֮г˲֪һ
ǳ鴤ֻûʱ
Ҫǰʦľȣͷˡ
ֻһУƳ˺ֶһģһôоԼأ
ˣ˵ȱݣûУ֪𣿡
𾪵Ĳ֪룬꣬Ѿ˵꣬дźǳ⡣
֪ˣ´Ҳˡ
ڻش𣬻˵һ룬ɫǺ졣
һｫԼʦĽɫԼҲѧɫ
һǰ棬ǰλ֪ٱ
ȿȣ
˵һĻͣһȻ˵ˣˡ
أ㻹ûʶԼĴڣΪԴ۹ʦ߳ȥʦ֪ܲ˾ѧϰ̬𡭡
üëһ壺ҼܶѧҼģһ㶼ġ
ץ
ǿߣʲôʱ򣬳ѧˣ
ࣣ
ƣҲֲסʶһζ˲ԭʧ

ԷʶȻʧҡҡͷ
ʦأȡѹԴ۹ʦø߰㡣
֪ܵίϷС˵˵˭
ãǾʹķڷ

ʦ⡣
ڶĵˣ˵ʦѾʦ
̧ͷǰ͸¶ĵƹ⣬ʦƲ⣺ʦ似գﵽ˺ŵĵز似ʦܹͨҲҪѲʱ䡭
ΪʦøҲ¼ˣʦĹؿʮϤ֪һ

ڼ㣬ͼڶĵƹ
ʦؿԶһͨƹͻ
⡭ͨˣ
̲סһ㶡
ջ룬ܹͨ϶ҲҪѲʱ䣬ζû뵽ô죡
ӣͨðʦôô۷
ţ쿴ˣ
֪˭һ䡣
̧ͷһʦٴˡ
ֻոĵڶ㣬֪ΪͻȻ
ûأѲɡʦûͨ
ԣǵ㺫ʦĵƹ⣬ɫһ
ǲ⣬
æȥʦȻҲ˲Ծ
ĵƹ⣬ȷ͸ղŵЩ֮ͬǰЩٻƣЩס
Ǻʦعأ԰ʦǰǧǰ߳ȥʦȻͬǰƷҪʦǿ٣ص㣬ôڵڶˣ

ʦü
ҲЩ֡
£ĴأֻҪͨͻϨ𣬹ؿλǲƶġ
ҲЩ⣬˵һ룬ͻȻһǲţѵڶʦʶɢˣ
ʶɢ
ǣ˵ʦʶһɢػؿʦͻԶȡɣֻǴã࿼һ£ʶôɢ
Ըã࿼ˣֻҪܹ̫ͨΪѡ
ʶɢ׷ʲô
֪룬ͼɫĹâҲζһ£ֱʧţһɫĹâڵڶ
ʦҲʧˡ
ٴһͻȻ͵ˣȥֹʦԴ۹ʦãһһͳ⼸λǿߣ⼸һȫʧˣʦͳˡ
Щȱʦִﵽ۷弶ģʲôѧϰȫʧʦɶûУ͵ڳˡ
ֹʦڴãܲͬˣǲֹġ
ʦһ£ҲԣżȴҲ֪أæ
ֹ֪ǣ仹𣿡
Ҫˡ
Դ۹ʦˣóɹӦþͿֹ
һԼȡ˳ҧָ⣬͵һ㡣
ˣ
һâֱա
¡
һɾ޴ٴδʦڶһŨҵѹ
漴һ
Դ۹ʦóóɹ䣬ֹͣáŶãѾˡ
û֨ѽһʦ˳һɻ
ʦô£ôпߣѵڶˣ


1186 ʦ
⸱飬ٴѪƵĿҪˡ
ο϶û취ȵˡôûˣϣҲʷһˣ
ʦóɹκҪֻҪΥʦ壬Դ۹ʦãԸհ
˲֪ãסؿڵƣȭ̬û֮ǰİ
ʷֻλóɹģû뵽һ
ัʦй¶ʦܣϮʦ񼫣ﲻˡϣԴ۹ʦܹ̳飡

ǡ
ͷ˵ͻȻüͷһ壺ัأ
ղλ︱粽룬ôգ۹Ͳˣ
뿪һˡ
һλʦæǰ
ˣ
ͫһæԸϸҡ

ʦ̳˳ȥʱ䲻ȫ˻һɫѿʦѾ뿪۶֪ȥ
һɫࡣ
ղʦʦ̫𾪣ûעһζû뵽ûˣ
ʦüɹʱᱻץٲͣ
ҴõĿľΪԷԩ֪һɹ϶ӣȴûǰ׼λŻʲô壿
ɫѿ
ԼʦõìܾͳͷϣܴܲóɹԷѴ̣£ϼӿܣɶԷȥ磬ôܣ
۷弶ʦصĻۣ֮Ѱ򣬸Ѱ
ҡ
ɫǺ졣
û뵽ǰλܹóɹô졭ȻҲûӦ
Դ۹ʦʦͨץ࣬Ҿвɵɱ
ȭͷתͷԸ
ǣ
һλʦת뿪
ʦͨ½߼ץһԴ۹Χڵе۹ʦãӵѶϢΧڵ˭ֻҪ֣ٱܵõν
˵֮ͨ£һֱıݣ¶ʵ򣬱Ȼѡ
ҹ󣬴²ʦõΣӽ쿪ʼȥʦְ񣬵Ⱥܲǰ֮λʱʦ棡
꣬ϴݵȡ˹
һ˲䣬˼꣬û
֮λ꣬ľζû뵽ַʽ
֪ԷȻߣҪץסûôףҡҡͷپᣬ̧ͷʦ
ʦҵĸְҵѾ㹻Ҫʦ
˵꣬õǸְҵµ˹
һۣʦ˵ͷʦԵȣһὫϱܲҪһЩʱ䣡
żպû£ȥ⿴
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н۹ľҪǻ£϶ҪҪߣʦ֣ӦⲻҲûҪģ鷳ţûȥ顣
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ʦ
óɹʦõʦǶ֣õǰ϶£ӹɣˣǰƸȥ飬ҲΥ档
ţ
ӹƣٶ˵һλʦĴ£ȥ
Դ۹ʦõĲ⣬ʦص鼮кܶศְҵ֮ǰ黭ʦʦ鼮ȻС
ʦľǲѧ鼮֪֮࣬٣һ죬Žȫ¼Ժ
ʦģ⣬Ѽʦħʦʦҽʦ黭ʦѱʦʦʦʦ칤ʦǶְҵ鼮Ҳһ¼Ժ
ʦøְҵ鼮ȻûиԹϸ˵ֻҪ㹻ɣ޹ؽҪ
Щְҵ鼮ǼȫѧᣬѾǴʦó֮ˡ
ʦĵȼ¡
߳⣬ʦӭ
һۣ˿
ڿʼʦˡ
һǰʦְҵû˵ֻһʦȻﵽǣ˴½۷ȺеһԱ붼ꡣ
ʦڻûټģѾϸ㱨ܲܲҲѾ⣬ھܵ
ʦŵ
ţͷ
ԼóɹȻѾߣʦܲˣķҪҵ
أûץ
Ѻʦڲʲôû˵ʦ
ȹţ֮ǰóܣôˣ
ʦбãУûʼͿʼãʦƹܴȨӦѾ˰ɣ
Ըտ˱ôᣬ˵Ϊ˾޴ףṩ˺ϸϡʦæͷ
Ǿͺãڴʵǿʦһ𣬿ֱȥץัˣ
Ѿ꣬ЦЦ
ֱȥץȥ
ʦһ㶡
ܼ򵥣ȥܼ⣬ϣȻ˵ãͷ
ãʦ˼λʲôܣüëһ壬ʦܿ׹
ѧĹУԵ޹ߡҪ˵ûϵš
Ҳֻ֪쿴飬ͻȻһƲ⣬λܣҪܣܱɱڣ㵱ڱãܶԷɣɡҲҶģ
Ц
֪пʲôܣѾǹһץͶᱻʦݣѾˣûҪΪһЩνðհɣ
ʦ⡣
ڵ࣬ͷﷸһصĳͷˣ϶ٽӼȻˣЩʲôܣҲڣöԷðűץΣգĹ
Ҫܵնˣ
֮Ա¶ΪȥȡϢʦò֪֪ˡ֪Ϣϵˣͨأ
⡭
ʦһǲţʦǲǷʲô
Ŀǰֻǲ²⣬ȷ
ҡҡͷ
죬ǿѧϰ˳ҲԴϸһ顣
˼ΣȻ˲Ծ
ˣӳ֪ϢҪ˵಻֪Ǿܵġ
ΪʦøϢй¶ˡȴ׷ͺ֡
ãھȥټ
֪ʦ˵϶֪ЩʲôʦҴ뿪ʱ䲻λʦ
λʦõĳϣһλˣž
žȻǰһҲʵǲСģټϵ෨Ҫǲ򣬿ʦδǶ֡
ȱżٳ
ЦЦ
ã
ͬʱͷ
ã˶ǰλͶأţԴ۹ʦãʦй֮޲


1187 ץ
ԴǳǱߵľƹݰУ۾ʱʱĿԶһۡ
ʦǳܵס
ʦĴ
һڣǾʦǰţûκ˵ע⡣
ţ
ʶӣԶۡ۵ס
˵ʶʦҲֻ400ңģֱ2500׵ķΧΧֻҪʲô紵ݶǰԤ֪ҪصλܵļС
⸮ۡĵ̵ͦͦģ
ɨһȦп
λܣûʲôҲɽ¶ˮʵȴʵʵ۷ʦǸ״ѧ۶ݱȽϸ߹
ˣĸۡ󷨣õ飬еĶﵽǣװ޺ȣԶԶ磬Ҳͨǿ̫ˡ
岽һ¥ʮһϻأġ
֪ʦʲôۡδΪֳ̫ܵ󶯾ʮƽ
ʦҪǰЩʲô
ʦ˼Ƭ̣֪λ࣬ҲһƷʥܲԴȴܺʵãӳǿս
Ҫǰ׼׼̫࣬һԷ֣ˣǿûʱ
ҡͷ
ǰ׼õİ취ڶԷۡóָ󷨣ʦ̫һϹ鷳
ǡʦЩġ
õģʵǿֻҪûԱû⣬ʱִȫ֪ͨսʦõǰ

λ֣֮ԼĶ֣ʲôķԼԱûκ⣬ʵڲУ˹սʦþ񾡳ĻԷĳϾǿߣҲ䡣
⵹ǣ
ͷʦ˿
֪пܻսһ߹۲ģһԽ״̬۷塣
˲֪ãЩ׹ͻȻˣ
ʦһ㶡
лʶӦһҲӰʲôˣ
Ѿ븮ۡǲ⣬ҡҡͷӵ¹ģ
£
ǲ˼Ŀ
£ʶԴ͸Ҳܷ֣
ԷǳСģӸڵĸۡǱ룬֪ʲôط£Ȼϸ΢ǰͷӰڹȥ׽
һЦ
µֶΣھԶǶʱ򣬼һΣʮ֮һҶΪóľС
Ϊʶӵʱ򣬽µҲĹ۲ˣպÿһĻ
ã
Ӵɳֱǰĸۡ˹ȥмԺӣʾ˷վãԼһһö˵ϡ
ˣ
ڵһ̤üë𣺡
أ
̻ζһӰֱӲӵ°˳ˤڵϡ
һ£ںҹ֮У˶ӵԪ񾳵ʵĿˣϳò
࣬Ȼ㡭
ʦɫһ߰ɣ
˵꣬һץһǿѹƺҪ˺顣

ƺû뵽ͫһ˫۵סĹһΣǰܳ
ӣӵõ𣿡
һЦžָһ㣬âХԿն¡
ǱƷʥ
ڿκȻûͻư벽ϣȴҲǿˣټžΪϣԻͣᴩʮ׵ľ룬գ۹ǰ
ɫһҲԥķͬһӭȥ

âڿʮΣžˡ
ʵǿԷһ󼶱ͬıϣв硣
סʦžֻǵ𻨵һ˲䣬һݣ׶ߣ͸е͵˺
ʦǰļλϡ
⼸ҲԪ۷ǿߣ֪ǰλǿ󣬲˿׾ȫȡ˱˷γһǽڣبϿա
һλ𣬱Ȼᱻء
ɫѿ֪ϷѾ·ߣ೤һ˽׹סΣʦžĹٴϯ
˰ţʦž˹ǿʣµˣһڻγ޵һӵ
Χ಻Ƕ֣˿֣ܿȥ
ȻԷðǰôͿ϶жԷΪҪܡ
ǳܸۡĺ԰ûʲôټսһʼͷӡܣ͸û֪ˡ
һȦͻȻüͷһ塣
Ժеļôǰ
ʥ򼶱ܹ
ⶫȻʥҩģȴûκΪãΨһôǷһöһꡭǹ󸾡Ůϲʹõġ
û뵽ܵĺ԰Ȼһ꣬ûǰ͸еŨֱǿףЩ
ò˵ζȷţŮϣȷܽԵ޷԰Ρ
רſʥҩģǽŵһȦ
Ϣ󡭡ʥ򼶱ҩģ죬Ϣأ취ȷ
ͷ
Ϊ۷ʦ˿ֻǼɾͿһ󷨡
͵õϢһܹϢȻ򵥣ʥﵽ۷ļΧ󷨵ڻϸ۲Ļû
Ǹۣ֮
һʦڼﲼ۷Ϣ󡭡ҵҪʲô
ٴһ̤

̱ƿһʯųǰ
һѹ̻ķĨȥ̧˽ȥ
ʯźһӵ¥ݣ֪ʲô̶ɣ쳣ڣҹĹâҫ£Щ
֮ת˲١
ǻʯ
ü
ʦʦõ鼮ȫ󣬶Դ½ϵһЩؿʯ֪˲١
ǻʯһرŹֵʯͷչâһƬޱȣ۾
ȻⷽĻͬ佫յĹâɢҫңǳ
ˣŵõ֡
ǰֲָǱַֻգ޷
˵Ӱ첻󣬻ȥ
ߡʮףӲĵ棬̧ͷȥ̲סһ㶡
Ǹĵع
мǸ޴ͨĴ󶴣ңһУͷų޴
󷨡ҪﵽǼˣ
ǰ󷨣Ĳ϶ѻɣ֮ߣ˿ṬЩȻﵽ˰Ǽ
һʦ԰һϢ۷󷨲˵ĵعȻһ󷨡
˵Ǽٵġ
Ǹʲôṩ
󷨣ǽҵĳЩд߶
̧ͷ۵ĵط˹ȥͫһǣǡ


1188 
ֻǰһ޴ļ̳󷨵£ڿУΪûмЩİӵҹɫʷ
̳ҴӺҶеõǸѵǡ˵ļ̳
ɫһ
̳ʹӺҶеļһģһǸͷ˺ܶ࣬һ֪϶˲еĶ
֮ۿȥ̳ϵּЩ֣ʮֹŹ֣֣Ҳġ
ֻһۣ˳
ǡʥµ֣
֣ʥµЩһдĶˣܹռϵ
ǸĴ󡭡ܹˣ͵
֮ǰͲ²⵽λܱܿ壬Ͷˣڿһġ
̳İṩûпܣܽ˴͹ʮǰ˴֣пйأ
Ȼؿ߶зӡҪһôˣôܣ
λ࣬Ҳ塭
֪ͶˣҲͺȻˡ
ֻʦãһʦҪô£סʦ϶ǲܵģ
ΨһĿԣǡԷҲˣ
Ҳ˵λัʦõȨ۷ʦʵͶˣǸϸ
Ҿ˵Դǣʲôû͵ʵؼԷΪֱ鷳ԭˡ
ͨЩ֮ǰƲ⣬Ȼ
Դ۶һܶһֱܵ͵񵱳ʦѧԺĴˣԷҪԼ
֮ǰףڿӦΪҶ˱
ʮߣȫԼһ뱨Ǽٵġ
һࡢǺǣ뵽ģ
ҡҡͷ
һԼȥʮ˾Ÿѱһ˵ȫû
£֣Ӧ뵽ġ
ֻԷ⣬ֻǾʧʣôû뵽һйء
࡭һ
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ˣܶԷ˭Ƚ̳ٵ˵ٵˣ봫͹Ҳˡ
֪Щǣ󣬾ܲ³߰˰ˣҪȷ֤ݲȷϣٶ룬һ꽣ٳġ

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ţеһɾ޴˺֮ǣ꣬Ҫ˺顣
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µĲܾɱġ
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֪һ࣬ü̳꣬أ۾
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ΪԷû뵽Լ
ѵͺйأ
һæϵָǸһ
ˣҵطʩչ˲ңֻһּ֣̳ʩչĻҲǿⲻסģ
˵
ͷ
׻꾡ǿ󣬿ϧ̫ˡԷǺ˵ĻҪԼ׻׾١
һ֡˭
֣ٴѣΣղǹٴϮȸղŻҪ͡
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ȥ
ȻԷҪԼ꣬պýƾͼƣպùȥ
ͺһ£֪һЩܣ̳ǰȡë滭һЩŲѹԼĻǡ

׻üķ˳
ҵĻ̫͹ȥģ϶ǰ׼СһЩ
Ļʮףһȥᱩ¶ʵһЦָһ㣬ܿйڿռת
գ۹ʮ׸ߵĻ壬ѹĺһС
Ȼֻܿĵһأܹġ

ڵֿ̳з͵һĻ壬̷˹ȥ
ˣ
̳âһʹԭʧ

ع̳ัΧҲЩֲסˡ
Ѫò
󲻱ĸΧսǿҲѡ
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ͫһʦȡ
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ĵ£Դ޴͵һת¯Ǵ򿪣һھͽ˽ȥ
䣡
꣬һҵĺڶ¯𣬽¯Ǵ򿪣ðһ̣Ǵ˸á
ͨ
һõʬ壬˳
ζ̫ˣѳԡ
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1189 ˣ
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1190 ͭߵҪ
ԣʥŷ֣϶ֱӽѹˣûҪ¡
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ʥżңųʦ½һ壬ƣʤҪ֪ܣ϶һƽԼˣûҪڡ
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żң߱ѹһеʵ
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ԷţҡҡͷʵڲŵĻʣһ
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֪⣬ûûˣܶʱ䣬ͭߡ
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ǰλƿӡԼɳ᳤£黭ְҵϣѾﵽԴ۹ˮƽ𵱳ޱˣ˿ֵĻɵĿԼ
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޻ˣɸû˷֡ؼǣֻɱԼű¶ġôû¶ģֻж٣
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1191 ʣ
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Ȼ֪˭Ӧף˺ìܣ޿ɵ͡˳ңԻٻ󣡲ͬĻҲû취ֻɱˣ
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1192 һ˺
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ˡ
һﱻĵֿס̳ߣɫһ
̳һߣǵعԼڣһǿʵҪ֣鷳С
ץʱȥ
֪ȥŪҪִ鷳һ׻ӶԷз˳һУԷʬսָ
Ƕûָöʵģƿ˶ԷָȻҲƿˡ
ϸָһ׷ֵĽ䣬һΣһѾ̳ǰ

âһҲԭʧ


ʳڵع
ʲô
׻꣡
׻֮꣬⣬һ־ͱʦ˷֣ȫˢˢվǾ衣
ôʦ
һĹʦ˺ܶʦжʮλЩػΧǱģû뵽ֱӡˡʡ
ץסˡ
ͷƤը
ôʦĳϾǿߣŪҲȥ䡣
ţ̫ˣȻҵģҾͶġ
һܣ˼ô죬ͻȻ۾һ𣬡ಣĴ˹ȥ
㲻ʣǾͱҲ壡
ˡһ˺


1193 
ˣͷ׻Ҫʦ

ܵ׻ֱ꣬ȥʦͫһ׷׳֡
ʵ׻ܾ꣬׽٣ɴʶ̽Ļ׷ټ

ꡣ
ߣ
˼ƣ۾
ղűΪԷԼͶʩչǿȺʦʵֻߵĻס

ڿУǰһ㡣

һɨ˹ȥعڵĿռ·һɾ޴̶գ۹򣬾жǹܵơ
ǳϾǿߡ
ɫһ䣬žżĺ
ʩչǿô˵Ĺס׻ʵȻ׽٣ﵽϣ
ǿߣ˶սʤġ
󣡡
Ҳ֪ǰλ׶Ըʦȡ
Դ۹ʦãÿһλʦ󷨣ӦΣա

󷨾Ѿγɣʮλʦγ󷨣ع̱ǿϢһ֮ǰֵѿ
ϾĽռ䣬ǿܣޣȻܲס
û뵽ȺʦӦô죬գ۹γͻ˽ʲҳɣ׻͵һ壬ǰ˳üľ˽ȥ

һԷڣ̲סЦ
ɱ
壬ôɱ
ʦ
û뵽ͷ׻꣬Ķʦȫһ۾죬ż
ȻǶ׻ְҵ˽Ĳ࣬Ҳ֪һᣬԼĻǾ͵ڱĨɱ˳ˣ
ʦԼôػȻô¨ӣֱ޿ˡ

һ˲Χһɱڡ
ô붯Ƚλʦ˵
˷ܵطȣûͫ׶ȻǼһʲôҪ
ͨڵϲͣ鴤ҽֱ֮

ڹʦˣһ֪Ǻá
ոջŵĲˣôգۼˣ
Ҳˣ뿪뿪
ĲҺ׻ҪȴѨѾգӲȥ
ɱңҲ뻥˺ˣĲˣ߻ˡ
̣
ҽԽԽ죬ʷ·µ顣
ԽԽСʧ

̳һ֡
һʵǿһֳʲô£鷳ˣ
ճ֣Ѱʣ漴Ϳǰվʦ
һ򣡡
֪˭һ
ûӦ͸еһ󼲷籩¡
׻꣬Ȼû˿ģʶֵܹġ
£ʶٲͣתˣ뿪Ķᱻ֣ڼ̳ٴת׻ʦʶͼ⣬һ־ͱץ˸ţ
ž
ĹϯͷƤʱը
ô
ͳȥһᣬôôʦ
Ϊɶҷ񹥻
ǡ
أ
ؼģڻܽͣһͣ׻ʦݾͱסˣȻʦȻ󲨣鷳١
ƵĿҪѪһΣٴС˵Ĺ
͵һݣԼ˹ȥ

ɱ
˶ˡ
ղûػסʦһ׻ˣû뵽ȻӵΪֱǿ벻̣

ֹٴΣΧ׵ס

ץ
ȥѵʣȺһôԼûûˣ

мæԶĽԴ
ԷԾйͨ
ˡ
Դæ
콫͵̳ߡ
˵Ĺ飬岻ȥΪ֮ƣֻܿæ
ã
Ӧһ¯һ£ǰ
ÿ
У͵ײ˹ȥġʬ塱һײ֮£ֱǰȥ
ž
һ۵
Ŷͷ
Ͳ
֪Դףû뵽ôס
ƣȴҲ֪ڲ˵Щʱ򣬼׻һ͵˽ȥ
һתϵƣָ۾ˡ
ղˣǿз֡
û˵꣬ͼɱڣʱᶯ֡
Ҫʲô
۾
˭ʦΪӵõ
ʦǳ⡣
ʶ̽£ۡǸ׻꣬ʦ壬ᣬһȫҪըˡ
һᵹҲˣ
Ǿʦú۸ʦ嵱ֳ
ղڸѹ֪Ҳǵҡҡͷ
⻰ǻţ
ʦҡͷ
Ҳȫš
׻սȥۡ˵ʦôܣ
ţüʦղŶҹʹϽĵУа˴ȱݣֱǽϢ㡭
֪νͶûã÷ϻֱ˵ϵ⡣
ֻʦУ֤ò
⡭
ԷĻӶûͣЪȱ˵һʦһΡ
һȱΪṬħţ£ڶû׻ָ֪˵Ŀɶԣ
ǡ
ͣһ£ʦͷ
ǡҿüëһ
ǡ
ʦæͷ
˵Լôȱݣ˵Ṭ£Ȼʦɡ
ʲô£ΪʲôҪҹ
ȷݣ˿ͬʱЩɻü
ԼСˣճ־ͱ֣㱻׷ʲô£
ġ
ʦæղŵ˵һ顣
˵һ׻ҵ壬Ȼ󡭡ͲͣҺ
üëһš
ǲɵԼȫ׻Ŀǣֱӳϻѣʲô
ţץסû뵽Լ
ǿҶܺãҲҵġ
üġ
һĻߣϾĳǿߣû뵽Ȼ˴£ºˣƱԼֱĥ˻ҽ˼ˡ
û£ղĳĹûʶµĲڵ׻ѾĨɱˣ
˰֣Ҳ͡
ǣ˵˲ٶʡ
˲⣬ʦ֪
ΪʦôױᣬʦˣôܳΪ֮ʦ
лλһ
֪ˣΪͣȭм
ʦˣ
ȫͷ
䣬ٶ˵ֵ濴ȥ
ʽڱɱˡǿҲӦʲôǣɶûаɣ
ٺ٣𣿡
ӣͻȻһԺͬȣ̹ǡ


1194 һֻ۾
˭
ֻȫëȻը
Ժ˵Ȼǰһ㶼֪顭˭
æĵطȥǿһڵͨ˲֪Զһۿͷ
ɣ
ͨٴ𣬽͸еһΣʶѾͨǰ
ȻԷ
㵽˭
ѿͨȥ漴һ޴۾ǰһһϣ˵飬
ѹܽ£Ūôҡԭʦô꣬ʦֳ𡭡
Ц
ܿʦ
۾һ
ݣʥصǿߣԷȴһۿδ̫˰ɣ
ʲôʸͿʦꣿ
һ£۾ߵ
Ϳʦꣿǡˣ
üëһ壬۾
֮ǰԼ֮зӡĺ˾ͺ˵вطеģµĲ˵һ֣ڼñ󡭡û뵽ˣ
һһֻ޴۾
˵ңһЦ۾𣺡Ҳԣҽʦڳ²̣ɱˡʦþȫ֮ʦϣ϶Ҳأ
ʦס
һ㶡
֮еĺˣΪһ֣𣬹ڿʦĲ¶ǵãǰ֪ĸࡣ
ʦһֱ޵еĴڣʦ½˾Ȼڳ²̲ˡ
£Ǵδ˵ġ
㲻֪֪Ҳաһλʦ϶ָܻ٣ʱͿƾԾˡ
۾Ź⣬˵˷ܣֻί㣬ɣ

͸еǰĺڶһɾ޴ƺҪԼĻɽȥ
ˡǺʩչв֮
ɫѿ
֮ǰʽ̳Ͳ㿹ⲻסʩչεֵ
ܵԼʱᱻɫͨͷƤը
ͿʦսĺˣڵʵٲһҲʵԿģ
ʵ̫ˣ
ȥᱻ̽ȥ
Ȼ֪ǰĺɫͨʲôֻҪУ㲻Ҳˣҧأ֣ͬһʱ̣Ĺ֮ͨеĺˡ
µĲӦҵͷ­۾
˾񲨶
ô죿æ
вķȻ̫ԶǺģͺʽ˼̳ʵָ۷壬򡢼ʮԽ˾ɱڵĻӦǽĳӣֻҪնϣͰȫˣ
һ£˵
ǿʱʮɱһʥأֻҪ׼׵жԷѪҺһ֮Ϳķ飬ǲָ֫ıãҪ㣬Ҳǲܵġ
ΨһĿܾǺ֮ǰһ˼̳֮Ķ
ӣ
Ļһ£һʵĻǡ
ʵ׻Լ壬һӦǽ˻ǵҪԼ
һﻹûĥɾҵҪʲôط
֪ԭ˿ʶֿɫͨͬʱʶӣϸѰҡ
ҵˡ
ʱ䲻Ȼһ׻ʶһࡣ
˿Ƶ£ȫȴѽʶһصһ١
ߣ
һӿ˹

һҺ漴еǰĺɫͨٺˣ޴۾Ҳζ£ʱʧ
û뵽ˣνһҵϡ
Ƶ۾һ£ʧȥټ
ŷ֣Լվڵعڣһͷ亹
ղһ˲䣬ͺĻþ㱻Էɡ

Ȼȫˣ̲ס¡
̫ˣ
ҪǸղûӦʶѾԷߡ
һץȥ¾ûôúˡ
ˣղҲҳ֣һ֣͵ڱ¶ˡԷпʩչӷķֻ˸Ӳ
֮˵
ţ
ͷ
Է˵Ĳ
ԼߵĺˣֻҪ֣ԷȻܹ֪
ߵĺˣҪɶԷԷȻҲߵġԣĻֻöԷӷ
ҪֻǰöԷ֪˺˵ĴڣԺ붯֣ˡ
ڣԼߵĺڰռݺܴȨ
ʵﵽʲôزǲǶ֣
ھЩʵ
ľʵûӦͶﵽ˳ϾڵʵǶ֣ʳԵĻӦܹﵽϣ
һ£˵
Եһ£ͷ
ˣӵࡢʦܽطȻˣ׻֮Ǵﵽ˳ϾɣʵȻҲмİ
ǣ
Ӧ
ˣ㴦áͣһ£
סټϸղŵĥڵʵѾ룬ء
Щɻ͸Է١
ʦ
˵ӣʵϴӺɫ֣ͨ˿̣ʮѣ̧ͷȥͼʦһǵĿ
û£ʦˣ̳ᵽʦãܲˣǣ֤ݣ

ãʦһ߳ع
֮ҫĴ̽飬ʱ䲻׼˷򣬱ֱǰȥ
ܵĸۡѾԴǵıԵˣ˼ٷУʱ䲻ɽһᣬһľݳǰ
û뵽ʮ
ȷһ£Щ
Ϊ̳Զû뵽ѾﵽʮôԶľ룬Լɾù˵Уʵ̫¡
ľݣҵ˸ղŲغõĽָ
⡭
ŷҲһͬļ̳ʦЩš
㿴˭
ָģһתĨɱеӡǣһһʬǰ
ǡัԱ𣿡
ʦһ㶡
൱ԱʬҲʦˣôﻹһ
ҿϢʤ
αװ
һ

αװĨȥǰʬ壬һȦ׶ߣòȻûб仯ϵϢȴ˾ֵɱ¾֮⡣
ˣ
ʦ۾
ţˣǡʣ
ͷ
һĻߣ
ʦǾ档
ัôһĻߣ
ǵĻôܣദ꣬ûϳ
ġ
֪Էţ֮ǰ֪£ϸ˵һ顣
⡭
ʦͣ¡
һˣıݣɸͳһǶû֣֮Աˡ
ġʦãжʦҲˣ


1195 
ҽ㵥ҹӦף£йȻ˶֣̿ǣ󣡡
֪ԷʶԣͽȻֻСԣҪ׷飬ȡµĸһ𣬷δȻ
ǣʦͷ
ʦ˵Ĳǣʦõĸܵġ
Դ۹ʦãһ
ʬˣ취ãܲ˻֤ݣϸ㱨һ鼴ɣ˰֡
ʵʬ壬Ȼսǿ˵ûʲô壬Լ
ؼǣǣһλݣԷȥ鷳
л
ʦȭʬսָٴο꣬Ǹм
˵ʵҪǰλţں˶սУսպյัȻһĻߣ
ȻȥɣôãҲϢһ£
ٶ˵
ʦת뿪
һߣǰļ̳սָͬʱʵĴָȡ˳
һһĻߣȻвٱ
ӡ

һ黭ģ֮ǰǸ˾
ջأ˹ȥ
Ƭ̺һϲȡС
򿪣̸еһֱԺĿ
ԪƷʯ
УÿöȻСʮöԪƷʯ
Ǽ
ԴʵУҲֻõ18öʯû뵽ʣһó30ö
˵ңҪˡ
30öӦÿͻƵ̥Ӥˣ
˿
ʦĿľΪ׬ȡľԪƷʯʯ֣Ҳʵˡ
ʲôʵ
ֻʵʸõȥʥӵлᣬٽӵкż̸ʸ
ʱ䲻ˡ
ɲĿԼˣ޵ʲôʥżң
޸һСװһֱûֹĹƨţ
ҵʯڼȥһΣǧϷ䳲
Ƚϰ˴ţȥ鷳
ϥãһץղŵʮöԪƷʯͳǰɢŨ
ʼɡ
һٴԪ̥ǰû֮ǰֱ˽ȥ
ͬһʱ̣ԪƷʯеŽ뾭Ԫ̥
̥ӤԪ̥ۣ̥ƳӤ֮࣬׼ˣľʯʯ֣תŨʱԪ̥
¡
һҺԪƷʯγɵͷγһУԪ̥ھҳ£ͻȻѿһӣţһƣ˳
ƣ
֪˹ؼʱ̣û˿ͣЪüë
˻
Ԫ̥ըһӤ
ḁ̇̄Ӥ
ǰԼ̥Ӥվѡǳ˳顣
˵̥ӤӤһ޼ȻҲӤģСʮף
ʮ״СӤҲֲ̫˰ɣ
⡭Ҫ
üëһðԤС
̥Ӥô󣬶ȻҲ󡭡һöԪƷʯ̥ӤԪ񾳡ԼҪ٣
æվԪƷʯеʵ
֪˶ãһʯѣ۾Ρ
Ÿյ̥Ӥڡ
ҡҡͷ
ΪõʮöʯԼ۷ˣζû뵽ֻﵽ̥Ӥڣȫĸɾˡ
Ҫ۷壬ٻҪʮö
üģĺۡ
һöԪƷʯҪѼ󹦷ʮöֻܴﵽ̥Ӥ۷塭ȥôࣿ
ԴǷ׳Ҳûаɣ
Ȼʯļ󣬵սҲʮֲֿģ
ʮöԪƷʯôĸɾò˵ʵǳ⡣
֮ǰ͹սǶֻ֣֮ļɲܻʤڣǴﵽϾʣҲһս
Ҳ˵ﵽ̥ӤڣʵȻȳϾڣ
ʵԴǣ¶ﵽ۷壡
Դǵʱ򣬲ʥһ۷ĲֻܺʥصսأҪ㿪ڣǶ֡ʱۣ󡭡
붼˾ꡣ
ѾԴˡ
һп
Դǵڣȥ졣
ʱ䣬Ž˲󼶱𣬶һӵǰ¡һ뵽㣬޵ݣǺߡ
Ǽһ˵Щʲô
Ƶ׿ָǰһ㣬һͷ׻꣬ǰ
ʱʣĥʵֻһ룬ģʱ
һ¶Ũҵĺ⡣
Ҫ
һ̾ҪûǰͿһָѹ
žણ
ڵϣһܶû˿취
㡢㡭ôôǿ
ͫǲš
һһʱǰԶǶ֣ʰôһգôǿˣ
һָ޷ʲôʵ
Ϊˣôʶ˺ˣ׻ʦУʦһжˡϸ˵ҿԸʹ죬ȻӦ֪ҵĿֲ
úͶԷϻƤһ̧
Էûúɣ֪Щ¡
ҿ׻ΡһĻߣ̰֮
ͷ­ҧû˵꣬Ϳһƣ˹Դȵ¡
žһ𣺡ˣֻҪԪ񲹸˵ʣҲνɣ
ǾͺãҾͲˡ
ͼԷһץһģѹ
㡭
һ˺ѵİʹȼնʶʱҺס
ҧ֣漴ԷָһĻһϸߡ
ѻꡭ
ͫһɫˡ
Ϊ׻ʦȻ֪Էѻ꣬ʹ಻˵Ҫǣһɣ㲻ɢҲҪɰ׳ա
˵
æ
˼Ѿˡ
úͶԷϻָ̽ϸ߳˳
ԷղҪ˵öˣȻ֣ҲͲˡѻ꣬ĿЩ֪ҲȫЩ
̣
ӶԷн˳ϸ̽顣
һʱ
³һüġ
ѻ꣬µǰȻȫ֪
λһĻߣǧǰм룬йͨ˺˵ʶ
ط׼䴫͵׻ʦ
֪ڵ࣬Ѿǵ°ɣ裬ΪܹƿóȻж沼֣ԼӤ
طʮָӣһɺصơ
ÿʮʹһΣһٶʮΡųɹһˡ
Ĳ֣ΪʲôͨԷļ䣬Ҳ֪ˡ
ǿʦġ
ɫء


1196 սʦýʼ
ʦʧ֮ǰŴһʦãʣµţ֪ȥ֪
˵ֻҪţͿԿУѰµľؼ䣡
ˣ˶Ѱңϧһֱûټ
ߣͱ˵õˣֻû˸Ŷѡ
Ͼǣʦʦпܷʧȥǡ
ʣǴӺ˿֪˹Ϣϧֲۣ֡
ļ䣬ṬӦûѰҴԿףǡʲôûС
ͨѻ֪꣬Է˴ѪѰṬûĿģ֪ͨﲻ˿ʦѰԿס
ֻҪҵܽѰҵлҵľλá
ǵʦ£֮Уλãû֪
¡˵Ǽٵġ
ҡҡͷ
ĵطϤṬȥˣûֹʲôԿף
֮йصĶûС
Ϣδġ
ȻԿֻǸǧǰ˵һλ黭ʦڿӡ¿ʦӰӡ
֪Ϣʽλ黭ʦץѶϧʲôûõ
ǰҵ˶ԷµżҵǸ˾Ļйأϧ汻ӡʲô
оãҲֻҵʦ᳤ȺȺ
¡ȫ֪ˡ
ѵڻпǸطǴڵλã
üв²⡣
Ҫ˵ṬϢǼٵģϣۿʦӰӦòд
ͷúò飬ɽȻ󡭡ȥҡ
а
Щȫ꣬Ҳʦüϸ
һٶɢԴ۹
ƾãԶʥǿߵһǧ꣬ԣ벼õĻͦ׵ġ
ʦ־ᶨҲвˣܲסڵĸʴΪԷԿƵĿܡ
֣дһݣͨѶƴݳȥ˿
Щʦͻ鷳ֱץˡ
ˣˡ
֪Ϣȫ֪üһʵ׻꣬˺ˡ
཮ǧ꣬λˣ֪λʦֻɣǱˡ
лˡ
˷ܡ
վ˸ȥ׬ȡԪƷʯͻȻһ飬һ¡
Ӧѵսʦսʦõ˹ս
ѵսʦѵƻʦˣһ졭
ʱĻ۹սʦõѾˣŪýʼˣ
ȥ
뿪ǧϷ䳲ŷ֣Ѿͣڵˡ
˵ѵĺãҪָԼһ뽱Ҳ֪ôˡ
Լûȥ֪Ⱥһû水ռƻϰһˡҪʧʮöԪƷʯ
붼ۣ

żֱսʦõķ˹ȥ

սʦã
սʦΧܣмļ̨
ȺǰĿ̨ϣλ߶棬һ
ô˵սʦʲôˣƺǸһȵ۹֯ɣ
ỹûʼλˢˢǰһüͷ
˵ˣʦ֮еǿսȻ󲿷ֶһһȵ۹ʦ֯ˣȫˡ
ȻԴ۹սʦãһףǶ䣬Ҳڶ䵽˵زɣ
һȺͨʦ
ֱսʦ档
ǣ
ͷ
˶սʦסţҲס
˵㣬սʦȻһȵ۹֯㵽ôģѵˣսʦϺˣ
ԱһλɽӵߺߵϢˡ
Զ۹սʦ㡣
λȻֻǸһȵ۹ѧ֯Ƕս⣬սʦöҪʦ˵ѧ޼ǿ
͡
ˣ˵ЩûãȥǱŵ۹صޣȻϣԽԽã
Ļһߵ
ƺ۹սʦɽ
Դ۹սʦãԸʶνǵܲŭȡޡʱΪˣ
λߣҲҡͷ
ǧƵ۹κǨ飡
˴ŵ۹УĴ۹ֱǳԶǧơƺԴ
Դеϧʮǰ˺ƽ٣ʧ̫󣬵ڶûָԪ۹ʦáսʦõʵֻŵ
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1197 žžž
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1198 ᣬ
ʯƣϢۻ룬սϲѹԵ͵ȼĶ֣Ȼɻܣͬ߼ģģǸս
۾һգգĶų̋ε촽ɡ
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أԸ꣬ץΪĥģټȸ鶯ҪвŸץĥԡ
½裬ԸųĴף˶Ϸ̶ܶ죬ǣ˷츲صı仯˶սűţʵȴսӡ
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1200 Ԫ

ĬĬ֣ͷ
ȻսӶĶʦ˾أԺһҪ񣬲Խ
߶漴һӰԶ˹ֱڲԶſսӵӰ˫ֱӡ
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λôסҲЩãһݣˣ˸㣬λ᳤֣С

ǰĽŲͣһ£սӡ˵λʦ
Ϊأٶ˵תᵽԼλãϥ¡
ɶȰˣ
ȥ
ǡսӵʦ
ǰһڣһ£ιȥ
ѹָ죬ǿգԭսӵʦ

ֱԭأ֪ǺãͼսӵӰϣʧ
սʦվٴתͷԶһǳݡ
Ƕ֪
ǰһڡ
Щ鷳Ǵˡ
սӸ˵ҪʦԼҪ˼Ҳ
ɫǺ죬ιȥǸͼκǨ顢ɽˣ֪ʱѾʦǰȫһʦսʦõҲύ֪ʦûпգ
ҲҲ֮
һ顣
һҲ̫޳˰ɡ
֮ǰԼһνĻ᳤һ˵ݣǰ뽻أ
Ǻɣ
ӿԭԽ࣬ҡҡͷת뿪
֣Ϊսӣο£ͽ˰ɣԼҲü
صסʱ䲻ǰ
ʦѵ£ǷֲõȫĶʮҪʱܵ
Ŷã
ܲⷽݣҲҪʮ죡һ£
ʮ죡
ҡҡͷΡ
ţϾõʯͻƵ̥Ӥ۷壬ǲԸ
զôأ
룬滳һһĸо
ʦҪԪƷʯ
飬˳
ţ·
ʯû·ʦֻĻ߼ġԪҩԳϾǿߣа֪ʦûã

Ԫһ㶡
ʦõ鼮УйġԪҲһǼҩ;ԪƷʯȷͬã˵ΪֻǣδʵҲû֪ûá
պһöʦһ£õĻǿȥ᳤Ӧûв٣
һһƿġ
οƿȻһöɺɫҩУɢŨ
ȡС
̻˿һӿȫۡ
Ч
һ£۾һ
ʯˣһʱûĶʵϣٱģ
ͺǰĵҺԴƷʯЧá
ҩҲƷ֮һ
öԪ̺;ԪƷʯȣ˲٣˵ôͬСͨʯĶࡣ
㹻ĻͬԳ̥Ӥ۷塣
ʦҪҩ
ǰλ̵ֱУǲš
ּԪãҪѺܳʱ䣬ȫ⡭ǰˣѵ̫࣬
Ѿ˰
һöССҩѣ߸ճ꣬Ǳ߾ɾˣҪר
ˣһ飬֪ǰλΪʵôˡ
˵˵ݡٶȡͲһܹġ
ʦᣬֵҩ𣿡
ʵ
ҪֵҩĻҪҩҪһö֪ûôࡣ
Ҳ֪Ҫȥѯ᳤ˡ

᳤⻯𣬵ʦѧԺб絤ʱ۷ĸԸݣϸ˵ʶ
ţھȥʦᣡ

·ݣҪżҵǸ飬̲ݻ˿顣
ǣŸ߳סͼ˹
ʦ
Щͷ
Ůѵˣѧףʮεġ
ֱߣʦϣҲûطš
ʦ㡭ɲһ죿
ɫЩ̫ÿںڵ˫Σһ죡


1201 Ϊʦ
ôˣ
ŮۿЩ죬ƺոտ޹ü
Ȼף뿴ģ۸ѧĻԲ飡
ûʲô߿ֻʦһᣡ
ðɣ
Է⸱ģʲô£ֻҡҡͷ
̫㣬ϲǺģֻҪֳܱģ㵥ദҲʲô
еöˣԷȻͷܵԽ࣬ԷϹ룬鷳
ӦһϲǡҸĵطɣ̫ˣ
սʦáᡭˣȷЩ
ͷ
ȥʱ䲻һɽϷ±ߵһʯͷ
ʯͷϷǰķᣬ߲֪Щʲô
ɽ紵㷢ں覴õϣͬ߳һ㡣
ò˵ŮȷƯҺʣڵһֺܰĸо
ɾ
ǲʲô£ΪʦȻţֻҪܼ
Էȴ˵ü
Էӣ϶£˵ĻҲû취æ
ûʲôֻСʱһЩ¡
Цһ£߰ĿǰԴǣСʱϲģϾ֮࣬ڷճ䣬Ĵеȸúÿġ
һΣϲһʮҪͲҸףѰңҲΣ״ӦˡҪڹ涨ʱѧһ׹Ŭûûҹһ꣬ڳɹˣҲûˬԼҵҡ
õĵ죬رģǻ˺ܴ󹦷ŵõģÿ춼Я§ߡϧһսʱ򣬱ٵˡҿ죬ָһͬģ۴һ㿴һģһǡѾҪˣ
˫ֱСȣ°ʹ棬ͷſʦ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ҡͷ
ѾϲǼˡһģһҲǣߵ
ţ
֪λشֻӦһ
ʵСʱ˶һʮϲƷһˣһģҲûڴ
Ǹ飬ƷԴġ
ҲסϲĶδؾܹһֱӵУͺǼĶһþֶΣҲܺԭһ
ƺвٻ˵ȴ˵
ʲô£ǲ۸㣿ʮ⣬Ϊʦɱ
鲻ԣü
ͣ
Цһ£һȤĿɱ
Ȼ
ͷ
ʦ۸ңְɡߵ

û뵽ֱѾͷ·ˡ
ϴɻԼæȻ󱻳ûףΣˣװһģֻҪ͵ӡ
֪λش𣬾ͼŮʵĿʦϴεĻش𲢲ã֪Ҷ㡭ϲ
ûûСֻ˵ЩΪʦˣ
վ
ʦЦͷæ
ЦԺҿ֡
ǣʦٽһ𣿡
˵ͷͣһ£
ԣ
ӦһͷҪѧϰĵҩ
ҩܶ࣬ÿһֶвͬƷ
ѧϰ߼Ԫ֪ʦɷϸһ顭ߵ
Ԫס
պ˵ԼҪԪȥʦѰңû뵽߾ѧϰ
ǣգգ۾
еҩģһ£
ȻѧպÿһƷʱȥʦᣬȥ鷳
ǰ׼ˡ
һЦһȡһƣ˹ʶһɨݣ̽Ժ
Ԫĵ
Ѿﵽ۷壬յһ飬ҳѵƷ
ҩġ
뽫˵ͼЦӯӯĿһǰһҩġ
ģ
һۣס
Ůóҩģÿһǧҩ䣬ּÿһۡ
ԪʮݵҩͿԳɹǧģҩ֮㣬˼ʮֹ
ʦ֪ϲоҵһżЩҩǴõģ
߽͡
Ǻп
һַƲӱץؿߵڵأϸģҵһżҲȷʲô
ʦЩҩԪɣ߿
Ȼԣˣ϶Ƴ߼ġ
˵ͷҩ̫󣬲˿Ȼһը¯Ƕܲ𣡡
ҩ̫ˣֻҪ費ƳԪܼ򵥣ҩƺˣŪܹ֮ǰԪƷﵽ߼𣬶δ֪
ţ
ߵͷ
Ȼּҩ֮ǰƷҪٸĽһ¡
ҩĵ޲ͬƷȻҲͬվԭأһ飬ҴһӺʵķһԴ˳
ȻһʵǿֻҪϼӡĻû̫⡣
ưɣܱ֤ը¯
ǣӦһ
һ׼׵ȡֽʣĲ裬д˳Ůס׼ʼ
һָ㣬ټ֮ǰĲ裬ƵĹʮ˳ʱ䲻¯򿪣Ũֱգҩ裬ಣķ˳Ҫߡ
׼˼ĵҩ
۾һһԸԴ̳ߵĵҩץסװǰ׼õƿ
Ԫ߼ҩ߸ҩ̫ˣҩʮ㣬ȻƳö׼˼ģûﵽ˼ҩЧҲԶʤͨԪ
Ƴ˼ҩԪƷѾȫѧᡭ
ƿݸŮЦЦ
Щҩ׼˼һﵽ˵Ƽʣһʱƿնɵĸо
ҩΪɵơ
Ƴƣ˵ֵҩ⣬Ȼﵽ۷塣
ֻҪȥ֮⣬Ȼܹһ󼶱
ʦָ²ųɹģҩʦֱһ죬߽ҩƿ˹
ҲҪ
ҡͷ
ҩǶԷģҲǶԷƵģԼȻ㲦һ£Եõıꡣ
ǡһöʣµöʦҿĻʯ򣡡֪뷨һöʣµĵ˹
⡭Ҳãһ£ͷ
պҪԪּģһöԸͨʮöϣöҩ̥Ӥ۷壬Ͳѣ
ȡһöָӼõһöƷʯе˹ȥ
ֽӹָ߽װãͻȻ̧ͷһۣдΣʦղ˵۸ң֣𣿡
ţ
û뵽ʳ⻰һ£˵ͷ۸ĻΪʦ


ʮ ŵ


1202 ʥ۷
ΣԷѧҪ۸Ӳ
·һ
лʦ
ǰλĿᶨû˿ɺͶҡ𵱳ڵع֮УΪ˾˿ܶսʱĳ΢΢һЦ
ǰλദҲаˣ֪Ϊˡ
ΪѧԶԶԿΪ˹ܼҿԺͷŵ۹һүԼʦøӲԵֻ̣ԸԼҪ£Ի֣û˿ɡ
ҲϲԷԭ
顢浨ʶе
û˿α
ˣܵõĻҺܿģʦҾȻȥˣ
ϵĳݸһЦͲˡ
ȥɣͷ
Ȼû˵ȴҲжܡ
£Ӧû֪ԼֻǸѧνϲ϶ǲʵֵģ֮ͻὫ˼ѹȥҵԼ䡣
ټʦ
һתȥգ۹ʧǰӦǻԴǡ
뿪˿
Էദ˲һʱȴʹ˳һ㡣
ԺҪһЩҪӵ͵ȻŮϲԼڶѲˡ
̫㣬ôˡ
ҡҡͷҸطոƵԪҩ⣬̥Ӥ۷壬ͼһӰ˹Ǳˣɶ
ʦ㲻ﵥ˵Ҳѧ
һǰɶͺһȻԶ˵ദЩá
Ƕ˶ˣʦȴһ̲סЩԴס
ֻǽûʲô
üģҡҡͷ֪ǰλֱ˵ãҲùĨǣʵ˵˰ɣʵѾϲˣ
˭ߣɶһ衣
ǡʥŷҵС
ʥң
ɶţʥŷ߸ϣʦôʶһС
ʥŷÿһվڴ½۷壬޵еĴڣڵĺԶң֮һȣСʲô㲻ϡ
ʦСطʶˣϲ϶Է
ԲšΪλʶΪλϲֻ˵ʹȻңã
أ΢΢һЦ
һμ棬һᣬΪ׷ɱ룬ûᣬûж˹ϵĵݽһ
Ȼˣֱ˱׵飬ͲմˣҪֹҪǰ˵Ȼᣬ鷳Ҳࡣ
Ҳš
ɶɫһס
ΪʦûŮѣߣززֻҪŬлᣬڿȻˡ
ǸŮ˵ģҡͷ
ҡ
٣ɶͣ˰죬һҧתȥҧ촽һһֵ³ʦˣҾȻȥˡ
Ҳش𣬱ֱ˳ȥգ۹ʧǰ
Ȼû˵ʲôȴԴиܵ
Ȼ䲻ţҲܡ

գ۹Ůҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ʵҲġ
ϲϣҡ
λŮû˿Ů֮ĸо
ΨأһĶѡ
ӵͼݣΪ˵ľһϳɣ񡭡Ϊ˶ԷһԴףѫһ٣ҲԹȥžֻΪżҡ
ǣͬƯͬ㣬ͬϲԼȴû˸о
֣ʦԴѧĸ顣
ԣԼĸ顣
Ȼˣ壬Ļ쵶ն飬䱨κϣ
Ҷɡ
ȥˣȽʵ̥Ӥ۷˵
֪ԼľûҡҡͷЩ뷨׿ϥ
ﰲ쳣һˣľѳ
ڵŹһʱ״̬ﵽ۷壬ȡһöԪȥ
ƵԪõĶǧҩģÿһ궼мۻҩټϴﵽ˵Ƽͬһŵ裬öǿ˼ʮ
ҩؿڣ̸еܻڲͣȼգһȵůžȫջ̥Ӥǰ
ﵽʥڵ̥ӤһߡĺͯһһŻƺضܴ顣
ƽȣӣصתһо㣬̷һöԪ
ΪҲڲͣ£ڽ
̥Ӥڣ
̥Ӥڣ
̥Ӥ۷壡
ʱ
Ԫ̥ȻﵽʮСòһģһֻԵЩۡ
ͻǺӤʱһʮ׸ߣûбøӸߴ
ڵˣ
̾ϢһǸп
Ϊ磬һۣ˼ĹҺã򲻸ˣһŬ࣬ˡ
߸öԪҲȫĴ±һס
ӣֻеھʸ˳֮ǰȣҲ˷
ǰڿһ
أ
һը漴޴ӣµʯڳ£ɷĩ
ҿǰ˲Ȼ϶ҪŪ
̥Ӥ۷ȭͷϵ˷Զƣǿ
Ȼûǿ֮Աȣ֪ȷʵжߣ˿ʵĻһȭܽ࣬һ֮С

վȫϢû˸ղŵѹȣ˿ֻǸͨʥ۷塣
ʵˣ͵ı⣬ܲҡͲҡʡȥ鷳
ﵽּͨԪôҲˣȥȥʦᣬȻû塭
γΪȥʦᣬЩԪó߾磬ΪټϷ˵Ԫͨģ϶ûκôˡ
ٶ࣬ҲûЧǰװ˷ǮȻˣûҪˡ
սʦðɣպڣʵ
һЦɻսʦãĴ֣˳㹮һ¾ΪͻȻһ£һһƳġ
ʦѶϢһۣɫȻһ䡣
ˣ


1203 ʦó
Դ۹ʦá
ϯŰڵϣ˾ʬϷ
ÿһʬ壬ʦǰ߿ҫݡ
мߣʮϤΪƽĴŽдãսһΪλȵܲѶձʸû뵽Ȼ
ô£üʦ
ǽϵ¡ҵҲѶ˰˸ˣھ˰λʦ
ʦɫࡣ
ʿ֪󣬴Ϊ˲ݾߣѶŸڰ˸ˣ»㱨˰λǼʦ

ɫһ
ѶˣλʦҶǵģԣԷڸǾ档
ңǵͳһϣֻʣ塭
ʦŵ
Ĭ
սͷˣڵˣǱþлַǣӶʬ塣
ǡˣ
ȭͷ
㣬޷⣬ֻк˲
ֻǡڼñ󣬸ʵĹƺʲôƣ޷롭ôطɱôʦ
ıֵģɻתͷʵ
ԼסΪϢвѣŷ֣ȻϾ˺
˵һʦ̲סǲǺйأʡǱɱ𣿡
Ϊ׻ʦӵطɱܵ£֮ǰʦѾ˵ˡȻˣ˭óУ˹죿
Ե޹һ׶ûУѾֵʦĻ̻̣Щ־ˡ
˶δ֪ͲĶ־壬ǰˡ
˵ԴʵǿĴڣûסϢնɱ˭òӷ䡣
ˣǡǸ˻ûҡͷ
ˣʦɻ
˵£ǣ̫û˵ȥҲ֪顣
ţȻһλߣ׻ʦжϾѧᡭǱ˴ڣֵˣӦ
ͷ
׻ˣˡʲôʵ˷ŵ۹ײ㣬ҿ걨ܲ˹
ͫһʦæ
ʦʦõĹأ£ֲܹ£Ūʽϱ
һܲ˺æû²ƨɣԷֲҲǺܺõĶ
ʲô鶼Ҫܲĸ߼ʦæ
һʵ˷ŵ۹Ľײ㣬Ͳһˣǣ֪Ϳ̿ȫܲɸߵʦ¡
˹Ҫãü
Ǳŵ۹ӵа벽ʦ˹Ҫʮҡӵаʦĵ۹ˣ֪ͨҲҪʮ
һ£ʦ
ʮ졢ʮ죿̫ˡҡͷɫأЩ˸Ϲʦûĸ࣡
ô죿
ʦЩż
ʮ졢ʮȷ̫ˣԷɱΣһҹ֮䣬˰˸Ҫ֣ôʱȥԴ۹ʦ౻ɱ
ʱǸˣʲôʵҲӦòᳬϾȻʦܲ϶Ͳˡ
ûشʻ
ʦܲȻȨķֲҲᾭѲ£һֳȼ֣Գִ
ŵ۹۷ĴڣǳϾλ۾ܹﲢû֣˵Ӧûޡ
㲻ϾϾÿһ㣬кܴ࡭ֻҪڣͲܹģ
ʦ
ϾԪϣԽȻ֮ܵĻÿһС𣬾Ҫһ׽٣澭Խ࣬ʵҲԽǿÿһС䣬ͬն˵֮
ԳϾںΪ߾ֻһСսȴ˺ü
ǰߣʮһó󷨣δǺߵĶ֡
ˣԷڳϾﵽ۷塭ͳڣ̫ˣսʤ
֪弶𣬲ڲǾʱ㡭ѵ֣һɱЩ˵𣿡
ü֪ƾƲ⣬ǲ֪ԷʵģصʬתһȦڵ
ɱ
ұ͵Ϯ֪ǵֶΣ̳꣬˵ʶǾߡҲ˵лطҪý飬ʩչɱ˸˵ýʲôûϸѯ
ʵ
þлķˣֱӽУֻܽ
硭̳
̳ʦߣȺܲ飬Щˡôģ
⡭ûע㡭
һ£ʦ֪λش
ϸ飬ܲʲô
Ըһٶ˵֮תٴǰŵʬ忴˹ȥ
ǰıž֣Ӧʲôŵ¡
һʣһᣬҡͷ
ͳһģһ걻ߣʬ塣
ۣ֮ҲȻ
ˣǸأʲôط
ûʲôһˣæʵ
ٴץʦõĵΣϢ϶Ǵݲȥҹб£Ҿܾˣ
һ£ʦ
ü
һֻǸүֲʵ۵׶ӣôһ£͹ϧѾ޴ۣ
ǣǶûϡӦòʲôɣ
ʦ
кпҲ⣡ɫء
ͨʵļ䣬Ѿȷˡλʵȴ׽Ҫ˵û⣬š
ҪҪץѶ
ȱæһѶִ󣬽ʱӶҡڵ֮ҵɱЩ˵ý飬ʲôȻ취Ļֳ
˼Ƭֻ̣кˣҲŻȫ
⵹ǣ
ʦͷ
ʦ˵Ĳһ۹Ļʵ۱¶֣Ļ̡̻
Ҳ˵ҪǣʵݣӰʦõĹ
һʦãԵ۹֣ͱ֤û취򣬻۹ô룿
Σ
ֻǻɣԶԶ
ȥ顭
ͨ㣬ʦ
ȥ飬ܻҪ׼һЩˣȻһȥһ˼ñ󣡡
ñ󣿡ʦ⡣
һǸ֣⡭͡
ãһѡʦսʦõĸһ𣡡ʦ
ţǰ׼Ҳ׼һ¡
꣬˵ͷ
ҪȥñѰҺˣҪ£һԴʵһЩȡﵽϾڶʵĺˣɹ׽٣
ʵﵽϾȻڵΪֲǿóȻȥŪûɶԷĲƷʱû취ˡ


1204 ʦ
֪ñǸһ֣϶飬ͣЪ뿪ʦãֱʦķ˹ȥ
˵˲ô춯ֵģһԼʦݱ¶϶ҲŨҵѹȸС
һǼһܹһҪɱģضԼ
ԣҪǰ׼ΪǿΪԼİȫҪǣЩػʦһֱԵ޹ʵȥ
Դǰ벽ϾʯУ϶ܹ伶ﲻƷʥҲƷʸʤһĳϾѣ
һǰУһƲ⡣
ʯǴõıأָһ֮лһ飬ֻǡһֱûʱڵԴϰˡ
ڼȻҪȥñǰװһ¡
ʦᣬʦãġ幫ľ룬ʱ䲻ǰ
ʦڻֻʦѧԺ˵ǣǻ¶ûõȡ£ǰ̧˽ȥ
Դǵʦᣬطһ֣ÿǰģʤ֪١
۵ģ߼ƷʥߵģҪƣѴ۹򣬵ȻмС
ʦ㣿
ѯʦ᳤ڵλãһתͷȥͼ֮ǰھʦᣬλ裬վڲԶһ˷ܡ
蹫ӡ
ЦЦ
ǰλҲæٴܲᡣ
лʦΪǰϵƣѾȫˣ蹪ס
ھʦᣬλʦǰһ䣬ΪʱӲžľƵõ޸Ȼ
ûʲô
ҡͷ
һ仰£ʲôֻǿϧ˶ԷöԪƷʯʵҪԼĻ϶õĸ죡
˵ʦõˡ̫ˡ
м꣬Ǽǳݡ
ûʲôֻ㴳㴳
εҡҡͷ
ֵöܴ쳹ԴǣԷ֮ǰʶԼ΢һ׹ס
㴳
跭ۡ
֪Դ۹ʦãô궼û£һʹóɹ˼ҷ̴ְֲҪС㡱Ļʦû
ʦιѵǾʦ᲻˳ۡҲ㴳һ£
˵һ飬˹
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ţǱ۹ʦﵽ˰벽Ǽֻ·ػ᳤ڿΣԴдﵽǵʦټҵõ룡

ʦ
ǰλڼԺаˣΪǸ竣û뵽ȻǼʦ
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֪Էһģ˵ͷպ鷳㣬ɷͷȥʦĻ᳤
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ԭʦĳˡ
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ʹ˸ʦãᡭĺʵܳʵΪɶأ
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֪˶ԷҲδţεҡҡͷмƷʥҪںϽʯʵ᳤֪ûʱ䣬æһ£
ʦƷʥʲôԣﵽʲôΪҪͣһ£ػ᳤
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˵ʵԴȻҪԹۿָˣȻ˭ġ
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ʦй鼮ȫ꣬γѧϰˣ⣬Ȼﵽ۷壬һЩǳڵʦ
ֻǣ̥ûרѧϰóԼƣ˽Դػ᳤֡
ʦػ᳤ͳһۣü
ʦǺǣܴһأô͡Ҫָң
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ŶʵҶ⣬Ѿﵽǣֻû˰ˡ
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ػ᳤Ȼ򣺡ȻʦһɣƷʥͽʯֻĵػڻ
ã
ͷ
ʦᣬĻ棬󲿷ֶǽĵػͬĵػҲǿ֣֮ʯԴﵽ벽Ͼ־׵ҲһĻڻġ
˺ܿʱѾӰÿһǰλεĻ£ȻǼʦ
⡭
ü
ΪԷ˵ûˣ´һ½Դһȥλʦ
Ŷʦ֣ܹڻʯģֻһպֽܴʦҪΪǽʦܹȴĻһʦڿΣһλ׼ǵʦ⣬Ѿﵽ˷˼ĵزΣ⣬Ȼܹͻͽ
ãػ᳤æһ䡣
ҿûôʱ䡭ҡҡͷ
ʱɱˣҪԴӦһУ˼ҽûʱ䡣
ôҵĿΣ˷ʱ䣿
δ䣬һõ


1205 ֽܴʦ
תȥһ˹׵ĺ룬üӢһΪһԿ֪жô
ֽܴʦ
ػ᳤æȭҲһ
׼ǵʦΪǶ⣬ܹġ
ʦλʦ۷ʦʦ¶ֳᣬػ᳤æܡ
ǰλܹóɹܣƺ۷壬Ϊ
۷ʦֽܴʦһ㶣ᣬʵѹʱ
֮ǰΪʲôˣ⵱ô˵ڮ٣Ȼ˼ʦȻˡ
ʵڲ˼ʦ£󲻵ãȽʹãһҵı֪ɷ񣿡ȭ
˼ҪΣֱӹҪĵػ𣬵ȷЩ
ʦһλʦ
ֽܴʦĿ
ϵͳѧϰһʱ䣡
ҵõǻ£
ֽܴʦ˵ͷЩɻ󣺡֪ʦҪʲô
ʲôıҪ
Դ۹ʦᣬûǱ۹ΰӵеػܹľңûһǧҲ߰ټ䡭ѡȻ⡣
ҪǶԷ۷ʦͲˣǡʵЩͣĵػ쳣΢Ʋס޷ɵ⣬Ūûñһ

һԴ̳ڴ
ˣҪңҪˣ
һܣʦᣬʦԴ˷ܡ
벽ϾƷʥ
ΪǸʥ֮ģû뵽ﵽƷüëһֽܴʦЩţʦҪ¯
ǰͷ
⡭
Էţ»ģֽܴʦ̲סȰοƷʥҪʵҪԱԼȷĴʹ򣬲аȻǵŪûƻĽṹõȼ䡭
ּʥҪҲֻɰճɹһʦ
ʵǿн¯ǵŪû伶𣬵òʧ
ͷʲô˼Ǽϴָ˸ѧͽҴƷʥƷõѵ
ûü˵һĽԴǲõĺߵ
ԴӳľǰλˡԷȻһɣûֱӳȥһƨĶԷԴǺܿˡ
ָѧͽ˶һ㶣Щ⡣
ѧͽƳģָһ£ƷʥƷ
㲻˵û˰㵱ưͣ
һƳڽԴ¯ϣ죬ǳ⡣
ϴΣ֮ô˳ΪԷϣĥ˺ܶ꣬ʵʦ˵ڸַϣҲﵽ˼ˮƽ
ڸԼָ㣬ɡѧͽ϶Ͳˡ
Եɺ϶ѣѸƣûʲôֵҫġ
ҡ
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һɢˣЩôʦ᳤Цˡˣǲ˼
˵һҲ죬ûûС
ûʲôֽܴʦҡͷлЩ֣ղ˵ʦָѧͽơ֪ô£
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Դģǵ͵һЩһЩ¶ѣ˿˵Ҳûɶ˼
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ԷԸ˵Ϊǣʲôܣֽܴʦٶʡ
²ɣҾͿʼˡ
˵ûʲôᣬ˿ͣһ£һĳ裺֣ܹһҪ鷳һ£
ʲô£ʦԸǣֻҪܹƴǣ
΢΢һЦ
Ȳ˵ʶ˵ǰλóɹΪԴ۹һʦνãΪ
ģҳ绵ˣҳƵĻΪֹ˼ɣáԣҴͣһ£
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òƣղŻһơ
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ػ᳤۷弶ʦ޷ô߼ıһմﵽǵʦ
濴
ýţָƣֻҪϸ˵Ĳ˿ˡ
᣺ʦ¯ô³⡭
޷һᣬһʩչʦڣϸ˵ȥ⣬㡭֪ԷʲôЦЦ

Է˵پܾƲ𣬾һᣬֻõ˵ͷ
ǾͿʼɣ
һЦתͷԴüëһػǱȥ

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г磿
ֽܴʦػ᳤Ҳһͷߡ
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Ҫػ᳤һȡһơ
ػ󷨴ӵ³ҪƲܼȻǿġ
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ǰһҲһתڵҽţȥ
ˮдζû˿ɣϸĻжڵһ̤
ܣ
ػ󷨶ʱתһŨĻ棬𣬽Դڡ
⡭
ػ᳤ͫһǲţ÷ƣȼػ𡭡ôģ
ػ¶ȼߣʥصǿߣУױճɻҽ
ˣƽʱ󷨲תʱûлġûзƣҪܣǰλʦָ£ȴɡ
š
Ƕյ˼ޣλʦӦûʦޣҿҲﵽ˲͵ˮƽ
飬һֽܴʦͷ
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ǰ
ػ᳤Ҳ侲
ˮƽɡȻʦʦڣָһδϹˣƷʥѶȺܴ󣡡
ҡҡͷֽܴʦǰľ棬á
˫ϹΣĬҲˡ
ʵҲġ
ɶڶԷʵˮƽַ鶼֪飬ָԷֱӿʼʵƷʥ
۹˵ǲɵ
λʦֱĴ󣬻Ǿ¯Աˣ
ٴοԴгͬ顣
ⲻǳ硭
ôоŪأ


1206 
ˣ׼ùߣʼɣ
ȼػ𣬼һЩü
ǣ
ʹﵽʥأʦ竣ʵȴ˿򵥡
һܿ쾲
СӣģǸ㴵ϸ˵Ļȥүһ¶ûУἶ
ηηţԴһЦ
⻰ֽܴʦػ᳤һۣǵǡ
¯Ĵ󣬻⡭ƣС£ҪҲпܻᱻŪ
һ㶼ģ
ǣ
Ӧһתͷʦ֪ҪںϵĿʯʲô

ָһһʯͷͷ˹ȥ
⡭ͫһٴλ˻Σʯ
ʯޱȣںһ㣬ñڷŵ۹ںܺؿʯζû뵽Է˳
ⶫڻɡ
ػ᳤ü
ʯܺϡ٣Ϊʦ᳤·ܹŪһЩⶫڻĵػҪҲҪѼ󹦷
ڵ֮УƷʣ
Ǳ۹ĵػҪڻӦòѣġ
ֽܴʦҡҡͷ
ĵػ𾡹¶ߵģǱ۹ıȣǲһЩҪʯûôס
ں棬ԷνڻԸһžͼԴ¯Ǵ򿪣ֱӽʯȥ
⡭
գ۾ֽܴʦһĴȣзŹ⣺ôû뵽ҪƵ¯ػ¶ȻޣƷʥøȡڻĻѣУͺˣֻǡ
ֻʲô
ֻǣǿڻʯҲȱݣǾʶ޷У̽鲻ʲôʱ򳹵ڻʱˣʱˣƱкܴӰ졭
ֽܴʦ
ػټ¯ļӳ֣¯ڵ¶ȣʯڻʶеĻȻҪˣȥû취ȷ״̬
ڽʯָƷʵĿʯûʱ䳤̣кܴӰģʱ򣬲һпܵʧܡ
ˣ¯һֱڵػգһʱʯ˷˲˵ŪҲʧȥ֮ǰѵĽṹӶ
ػ᳤Ҳ׹
¯Ǻܶпʯں϶ɵģѾﵽһƽ⣬ȹƷʥ
˿̣ڵػвͣգƽ״ƣټϽ𾧿ʯ֪ʲôʱܹڻƣܽ˵ػ¶Ȳ⣬Ѷȴٴ˺üֹ
ڵģǰ국
ǰ򶫱䣬ָҶȡ¯ǣ
ʦڵɲûгɺԥͬһ㣬
ϸأƶָ͵һ㡣

¯˲򿪣һŽɫҺʱ˳ڰա
ڻˣǸոڻʮ֮һ⡭
ͫһػ᳤ǲš
˵꣬ʱղ׼Էȷҷֺôģ
ǽ˵ػ󷨣ǰƶ󷨵Ľṹ붫û¶ȣ˲ߣʹҶַӦ֪һָһָͲ˵Ҫǣܽѹһ㣬¶ȸӼоҡٽϸղŵ󷨸ı䣬һ˲䣬ڻ˽ʯݼ㡭̫ȷˣ̫ˣ
׹ֽܴʦȭͷ
ղȻֻǶ̶̵һ仰ǣ˶գػ¶ȣʯ۵㡢ԣַ෽棡ֻжЩһȷļ㣬岻
˵ʦλ׼ǣҪɣ
һ˲ļʵֲ̫ˣ
磬𣬶¯ڻҶ׹ַһʮ£һܶ࣬٣ٽУȻ󡭡
Ļ
ţû
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һᣬֽܴʦͻȻ
ʦػ᳤Щ⡣
ʵûġҶ׹ַַͨʲôͬҶأ־ȡǣ̫ˡ¯ոձػգҲڻƣʱù졢͵ַڲѺۡѺ۲ȴƷʽַͣͲ⣬ʵظܣʵٴӡ
ֽ۾졣
ǰλָ㣬Ϊ棬õ򵥵Ĵַȴ¯õʯ֭Һںϡ

ûһʮº󣬸պýԴ¯ڵλãûɣԸ£ڿһת¯Ķ㣬ûȥ
Ϊβֱûûʲô
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⡭
ֽܴʦҲüûס
ˣ
֣ǰ¯ͻȻƵΡ
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Խ˵Խþ棬ֽܴʦоԼЩӦˡ
ϫʮƧûôùζû뵽Ȼʩչ
ַܶ࣬õĺʣܸõøֽںϣеԣҲкܴ档
ܶ˽õĿʯǸӼ̣Ըˣеԣȴû̫ӡͺСţ󳵣ڱʵ˵δǺ¡
ǰλڹؼʱʹ˳ϫպý⡣
Ҳõӡһã
ָܿǵ㡭Ҫյʲôˮƽ
֮ǰöԷָ˳Ҫɹѣڿʮ֮˾ܹɹ
Է⣬ʵ̫ˣ
һΡ
ֿһᣬԽԽȡ
λʦָ㣬ÿһȷĺܵ칤֮һû˿©ʹ󣬼ֵĲԼɽԷʵԣˡ
տʼԷĴܿʱƣȻкö࣬޷ˡ
ϸ˼ܹŪףʱ򣬶Էʩչ˲ֱַ֪ۻңĿϾӡ
֪˶ãһҵĺʦķԸ£˼
¡
ţˣ͸еһԻ͵Ϣֱ͵
ǳϽ١
һ˶ɫһ䡣


1207 Ͻ
ʥسϾԪ壬Ҫøǿ󣬱뾭Ͻ١
ܴﵽϾȴҲ۲Ԫȴ仯Ƚţһߣǰࡣ
ǰ¯ʹﵽ˰벽ϵʵ˿ں˽ʯȻһͻ˳Ͻ١
ԽԽ󣬽ƿ¶ա
ڵʦһμƵıﵽϣȫزûһ뿪
꣡
ɫƺҪ˺ơ
¯ôûˡϽ٣
ػ᳤ǲš
Ʊ裬һڻʯڶ̥
ʦǰѣյľǵ
ܶǷܹںϣǷƷٽһͿʦԴİա
ǰַܶ඼ΪĴ۽磬ʶʦˮƽζû뵽ûü˳Ͻ٣
ûǡ
ֽܴʦɡ
㣿ʦ˼ǡ
ͫһػ᳤ʶʲôһ
д𡭡ֽܴʦͷ
Ͻ٣Ϳ񱩣ĳϾǿ߶ѿ⣬һոսıⶫ
ػ᳤òԼˣǸʦˡ
Ͻ٣ޱȣܶϾǿߣη֣Ӳӣʦùͻ˾磬ȴһ׽ٶҳܣΪ˥óܲסвͻɢ
˴֮˱֮ΨֲһȻҲ˵֮ս
̫˰ɣ
в֮ǰŬһûʲôؼǣпܳܲסը
ϾıȻը൱ּǿԱŪֲᱻֱĨȥ
״ʦ½
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ԴǵʦֽܴʦڿΣҪȫըͳˡ
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ܿ췿ֻʣֽܴʦػ᳤ͳˡ
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˿ĭ˳
õģϽٶѣԴϵܹ
֪ԷʲôһЦ
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𾪹Уһ׵
ڽԴϣգûκβøҫۣƺʵظӼ̡ʵˡ
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׹ֽܴʦ˿漴¶֮ɫϾͬΪڡڡڡ۷ĸ𣬶Ӧĵ׽٣֪Դܴﵽʲô磿
ĳϾǿߣﵽں󣬾٣ֻһ׵磬ȻԳܣֻҪܿסԪ񹮹ƺ󣬻øǿԺн٣پͻ򵥲١
ڵڣܶ˶Ҫʮ꣬ϰ꣬ˣ㹻ʱ䣬Ԫ񹮹̱˺ۡ
ͬ
һ½ֱ̫࣬Ӵﵽ˳۷Ļͻĵ׽٣С۷塭ĵ׽٣һԵòָпܳܲסֱ
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ʯȻϡ٣ҶԱкܴĽ棬ԴǰĲ̫ˣټϳַָûκδ󣬴ﵽϾǼޡ
С硣
ΪﵽʥأÿһС𣬶ȵ컹ѣס֪ˡ
ϾڵʵϾ׵ĳϾ۷壬δǶ֣ʵ˵Դŵ۹¾Ǳŵ۹ˡ
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ãеҪö࣬пֲܼס
׵ƣ֮ǰĳţɫһ
ȻԽԴʮţǰʵ̫ˣҪŪãᱻըĻɢʧ
ԴɵػԻס
֪ƾԷ϶ⲻסæͬʱһһġ
ֵ̧˳ȥ
ಣ
ڽԴܣʱγһػ󷨡
޴Ӳǿ϶ˣȻˣǾǿǿ
õػԿ׵硣
ܣ
ӿĵػ̱󷨳γɫĻ硣
ԴҲ֪صʱŴӿ˳¯Ǵ򿪣͵һ

ʱ붦¯ĸǻ֮Уγһ޴Ļ
ӿϮĵ׵һ
䣡
ضɽҡɾ޴γɵĳɢգ۹򣬾ͽʦĽȫ̮˲֪ٽ
ҵĹᡭ
۾һػ᳤ˡ
˵õģŪԺζڽ


1208 ɶļֺͽ

ʧϵ񣬻ɢԴƺҲ˿̱ڵϣͬһ̯ࡣ
ﵽϾѾ֮ǰ֮޷ˣѾһ򵥵Ļˡ
ǰϴһ£漴˿
һ׽٣Ѿƣȴû̫ܵˣֻҪӦµʱ䣬ܳ׻ָ
ȻʹָԵıûָٶȣӿ첻١
ȻǧϷ䳲ȥ
һ
ǧϷ䳲ֲʥⶫмЧԴǶ֢ҩ
ǣ֪Լ״Դٶ˵һʧǰ
ߣתһĳ裺лְҴЩʯǸıꡭ
ӳбõٿʯղŴԴʱ򣬳˽ʯ⣬Ҳ˲٣ȴʣܴһ֣ԷԼæΣҪʾһ¡
ˡҶµѾм
æ֡
Ļᣬ˵Ǻܴĥôͱȿʯĸֱӡ
Ҳã
ԷִⲻҪҲü֡
һ￴óһöԪƷʯһ֪ƣһЩʯѣ˵ܵȷ̫Ҫ
ػ᳤˼ʦŪ
裬ػ᳤ǰ
˴ըҲҲûϵģԷطǳںģŪᶼ˷棬ʵڹⲻȥ
ңûԱȻѴˡ
ɣʦõˣ޽
εĵ
Ǿʦˡ
ػ᳤˿
ʦóֵĻӦòһЩĽָܻǰãĻøˡ
ţͷ´Ѷʦ˵ˣ˹Լٴοֽܴʦ˼ʦڿΣɡҾȸˣ

ֽܴʦǳ˳顣
ʦˣҸ˭ڿΣ
˵˾ַٽһЩͶ˵ļ㲻˱ӣҲ˵ڰ
֪ͲӦˡʦһڣƫԼ붼Щ
Ķˣʦ˸ǣδֱӻʦãǷɳԴǣ֮ǰʾв׻Ǹľݡ
ʮְ˼ÿԽ˵⡣

ǰһ㣬֮ǰһһץ

ӡָͻ
֮ǰԼʵһֱһѹ֮ϣδųڴ룬׽١
ԷѾ׼Ҳ·ˮ
̣
֮ᣬ˼ָͷųŨɱ¾֮ľǱˮ䣬Ϣˡ
ˣץʱ佫ʵ׻ʵȻ˼ñĺˣĻ㣡
һﻹп԰ڣһ
ǣ
˲ҷϻʵ׻ꡣ
֮ܵѹƣɵٶȲ죬˿ӵޣʱ䲻ҺԽԽСʱɵһɶʧ
¡
׻걻ɸɾٴγһơ
Ҳ˳Ͻ١
ͽԴͬ˾䶪ʧҲǻ˲֪ϹϽپܿ£ѡ
ͬƣͽԴһﵽ˳Ͼڣͣ
ʣֻǳϾڵ׻꣬ṩȻ٣˴ﵽѾǼˡ
ţúõʹȥñȡԷɡ
ɹ˿
Ͼڱ϶ᰲȫ٣ټʵҲͻͽﵽʥ̥Ӥ۷壬ֻҪñĺˣϾӦþΣԲ
սʦá
ٴս֮ᣬ·ɻսʦá
һһȥֻĸʱսǱȴ˺üֹ
ʱǰ۹սʦóԱѾ뽻˫ԺķչѺõЭ顣
Щδᣬһ£ȥñ£ͼɶǰ
ʦˡ
ˣһ㶣ȥ
绹Լһ죬һʱôգ۹ˣ
Ҳ֪
ɶҡҡͷ
û˵ʲô֣㱻ԼܾҲڲɣѵʲô£
˵Щ£Ҫʱ뿪һʱ䡭ɶͷ
£
ţʦѧԺʱҿţǰԶ۹ܹģӦ۹Ĺǰ˵Զ۹˶ң˲ˣӦǻȥ˰ɣ
ɶƲ
Զ۹˵ͷ
ʶߵʱ򣬵ȷ˭ܹĳ۹Ĺֻû뵽ǰԶ۹
Ǹһȵ۹ҪȺԶ۹ҪǿһЩԴ۹ȣͲ˺ܴһء
ԶֻǸһȵ۹ʵǿģҲֻʥһ۷壬Ƕǿߣͬս޵СӦúܿܽ⣡
Щģɶ
ţ
ͷ
ʵԸһ۹ıʣӦ׾٣ʲô
ֻǣѧӶ뿪Щʧ䡣
ʦʵҲغԶ۹ˣͣһ£ɶ
ҲҪߣ
ü
ǣҸղ˼ʱҲˣǾ֮СطģҲֻҵСϣҡֻһȵ۹ССûҪ룬һֱᣬȥǱһ죬Ҳܴﵽ㿴һ۵ĵز
ɶ
ԸȻҲûʲôɾģֱ˵˳
λദ㣬Է츳
ͣѾ֪߳ˣȥҲԽԽ
ÿں棬նԼ뷨뿪侲һʱ˵
⡭
û뵽Էô뿪˼֣˵ͷҪأ
顱֣ľ޷⣬Ϊ˺һƴŬԷʱ뵽ЩҽеĸᡭԣǼǿˡ
ֻҪ⣬ԺȻܴﵽԶﲻĵز
ţʦˣ
һЦɶת˳ȥ
ߵҲ
ҲԼľģֻСһˣ񣬻뿪һӡ
֪ߵ뷨һֻһҪǣܾԡȻ뿪취ԼˣҲҪӿٶȣ
뿪սʦãתͷһۻֺޱȵĵãɶȭͷ
߶Ǽ佾ˣòϲһλ˫˫ܾп϶˿
ȷ䲻㣬ǡøŬظȡгһգﵽƽӵĵز
ɶļ֣ҲҵĽ
һֱ󣬽ָʱˣʵӣҲٲ˼


1209 ȥñ
Ϊʦߺɶ뷨Ȼܿϲˣ飬մǣȻʱģȴҲһֱĺõöࡣ
ʹʹϲ˿ԥͳɣȻ˺
Ŀɶ뿪еƽҵ
Ҫǽñ˵⣬ȻһΪʦõʦԼȫ
Ͼʦ˵̫ˣ޷ֻ֣ҪϢȥԼԺҲùȻӭ޾׷ɱ
ΣʦãΪһԱ϶Ӳʦһ𣡡
£Ŀᶨ
սʦãʦõһ֣һˣȻ֣Ϊ岻ݴǡ
ãѡ˸һ𼴿ɣҪ̫࣬Ȼע⣬һԷǰ׼뽫նɱˣ
ͣһ£
˿ͿʦսĳǿڣϢй¶Է׼˵ɱŪö䡣
֪
ԣ˵ͷҴҶȥ
ʱ䲻εϢκںǰ
翪ʼľľΪȹ̣Էó깥׻ʦǶΪʣ
ͷ
׻ʦó깥ֻþľˣᰲȫ١
εΪĵӹɣκӴľһʱ䣬ȻҲ˼Ľټ˵ʵǳ֣ȷѡ
ȥһпٻزҪã
ɫصĿ
֪
齨սʦõ⣬ǽΪ٣
κεû˿ɡ
Ǻãȥʦãʦ˻ϣ
̬ȼᶨ֪սʦöľٶ˵ʦ÷ȥ
ʦʱҲҺ֣λĹ۷弶ĳϣһλȻˡž
ȥñ󣬲ߣҾãʦĵطпܺйأ·ȽϺʣʦ
⡭
һ£ͷ
ʵļУں˵Ϣ࣬ҲϸѻǺ˼Ȼͨ׻꣬Ȼ֪䣬Σշ
ԣԺеļʵϲ
λžȻȥߣ·Ȼȥ鷳
ʦǾìܣҶҲЩǣ壬ҲΪǸʦžᶨ
ǰǶʦ
û뵽Ȼ뷨Щ⡣
֮ǰΪص£żңֲ˱˸ܣԵļ壬ʱž̬ȣе뷨̲סЩĹۡ
ڸпͼǰ꣬ü𣬴Ųݶҡ飺ңһҪ㡭֪žţ
ң
û뵽뷨ҡҡͷЦã㿪ľͺá
Լ
ϻţԼǿǰλ
ľʵޡˣˣһ붼ǲ۵㣬볬Լֺ¡Ҳֻ룬ŪûᱻԽԽɥʧġ
Ȼˣǳɣ
Աȷٲԥʦʦüߵķʥޣ˽Уñķ˹ȥ
ñڼñԱԴ۶аʦõķʥޣܴﵽԪ۷壬ҪɹȥҲҪ塢ʱ䡣
Щҩ֮ǰרƵģ˵طҶȥܹٶԤ׻ʦᡭ
վʥ޼ľ֮Уȡöҩ˹ȥ
ȥñģһˣܸԴ۷ĴڣԸֻ˲֪õϹҪǰ׼
ǣ
˽ӹҩСķźá
սʦõĺϻ󷨲٣ϣвȱݣҸոոĽһ£ϵķ¼棬Ǵһ£ѧϰ
ٴȡһ鼮˹ȥ
սʦúʦöкϻ󷨣Ա˵󷨣Ǽˣ˵©أʵڿȥղŷеĹ򣬸Ľһ
Ľսʦõ󷨣
ε˿˹һᣬһɫ͸죬١
Ϊսʦõ󷨣ĥ£Ѿﵽ޷޸ĵĵزζû뵽ʦĹһȣ˲֪һء
ܿ죬󷨴һ顣
Ķ󷨣žҲɫһһף˲֪ãҡҡͷ
һϣ϶ǱȲǰλˡֻܷܿطԽ
ţȱݡ϶ҲУֻҪദˣȻܹҵ
еѹȥž˿㿪ʼѧϰ󷨣ͼ˹֣żҵˣҸպһ¡
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ģ˵żңһţѪʮ־֪ǲģͣһ£̲סʵ
֪֪ˣսʤ
Ȼλżҵˣȴһλż˵Ҳǰ׼
żң֧ʸ֧ףĸۡûʸȥ˵λСүɣ˵ʮꡭ츳˫㲻ǵʱһҲԶ
һ£žδ
żСү£ʱֵöܴҲʲôܣ˵Ҳʲô
㶼û
ǰӵܣ֧ú١žͷ
˵λСүҵСлԼ֪ǲģʵ
ҾͲˣĻܣ岻ʣҲ˵ƺɵžϾ
ţĺӵܣȣ츳Σ
ңĲܱ࣬Ƚϵģ
Цһž˵ʦ츳ǼˣݹԴ۹ʷܹʤģҲһСЩӵܱȣǲ̫ˣ
ҶĺԶüëһ壬š
䲻˵ܿ죬ȴҲˣѵ˱Լţ
ǰʦòţĺӵܣֻҪѪ֮ǰɴﵽԪ񾳣ֱӳϣߣʵȥģ
žЦ
츳ⶫû취Աȡ
ͺˣһӵлʵһܶӵܣֻҪѪֱӿԴﵽ߾磬ͨ˸û취⡣
ѪʥŷĺѪԽʱ򣬽Խ󣿡
ǰһЩЩƣѪԽӽޣʵҲԽҲʥŷ궼ǿƥҪԭ򣡡žͷ
˵Ѫ
ֻ֧е֧ѪȣȻԶԶžΡ
ȻѪôҪûа취ᴿѪߡѪȼӣ
̲ס


1210 
Ѫôܡ
žҡͷʥŷѪһͶˣܶĺģû̥оͿȷȼһģѵͨķıһ˵ʣ
⡭ͣ١
ʥŷΪûӴܶ鲢֪飬ʵѧȴλ
źκ̣һʣһ춾壬ȷǺġ
ͺ򾣬۶ŬܱһǺ蹵û취ֲ
Ȼͽ֣ǿѪٽˡ
̫ˡ
ҡҡͷ
֮ǰйѪľΪʥŷҲͬԣڿ̫ˡ
Ѫֻǿʼ죬ɾͺܸߣҲȱݣǾҪȼѣˣʥŷֻסͥҪͻƣߣͺˡ
žŵ
κ鶼бס
Ѫ츳ߣǰڵ绢ǣҪƵľ磬ͺˡ
ͺ͵۹һĳɾҪʵۣ̫ס
ѯһᣬž˵ģϸ˵һ飬˵ģֻδᡣ
ʥŷԼĹ涨Ҳöʡ
ȻԷûҪϢ͸¶ͨѾ֪żҺҵĻԼȷУλżţҲľʦ˵һʮأֻһˣ˵ټӰӶû
žƲ⣬λţֻжʮ꣬ʵҪﵽʥˣ
ûλӵܻǼģһλѪȼߵģȻﵽҲʮ
ѪȼͶôλСү룬϶ӿ£
ʥء
вŨŨѹ
ּĸ֡
һͷ似öѹƵû˿֮֮󣬲ơ
ʥ򼶱𣬴ﵽԪ񾳺ÿһС𣬶ҪѼۡҪ˳ȢߣҪŬ
ȭͷ
ʥعÿһ츳мҪżλСүû¶棬ﵽʥأԼץʱ䣬϶Ƕ֡
ҪλС򶼴򲻹ôܽ
ɡ
ܵѹʣµļ죬Ժе鼮
Ϊӹ̣似⣬ҲԽԽϸʥµܿ飬ԿռԽտȻֻ̥ӤȻܹʩչϾǿʹóĿռˣ
һʩչԲڵٶȻǽ󽵵ͣΧ֮սһָͿѹ˵ʦˡ
ֻΪ̥Ӥ̫ǿԿռӰ죬Կռ⣬̫ڶػһЩ룡
֪ԼȱڣδԴ
ܿΪأѾﵽһ۷壬ռ֮ڶأ˲֪١
оʱʱ䣬ʥһ޴ĳϿͣ
ʦǼñǣҲмóǡԴ۹Уǰ
ʦǰһָ
ͷȥ漴һ޴ĳУڰ֣ʵĽԭأ֪٣һۿͷ
ȷǸܴĳУȲԴǣԶЩطҲҪΰĶࡣ
ñΣޱȣ޷ߣҲ鲻ҪУѰϤò򵼣򣬾ʵŪҲûҶԷȱȻû
ʦܡ
ţͷ
ͨ飬ñҲһ˽⡣
ͶԷ˵һʮֹ죬ԪǿߣܷУֻܰͰĹԹڵߡ
ûһõ򵼴·Ūþͻµ壬߱һЩʥΧǶ泲Ѩ
˵ʵЩȻʲôȻᵢг̣¶ۼúǰ
ñʦõۣҵĺѣƷԿɿղѾѶ֪ͨӦúܿͻʱǴ·ȥ鷳
ʦŵ
ۣ˵սʦôһʱ䣬ʵһ廰
ǰĺϺָԵˮɱֵطΪʵã·ҪΣգҲôʦͷԼλѣżǿš
˵ĹʥѾ˼ñǵϿգ漴Ϳһ߷˹
ȥʮ꣬壬һ˫۾ӥĿ񣬸һ־֮С
ʵԪ۷壬ȫ£ݷһɽһ֪ǣԵķ
ʦæкԷľݺ˽ܣλǼñʦõۣʦλʦսʦ
Ҳһ顣
ʦһۼʦ
ȻԴõϢ˵ˡ
һ˵һʦãһ򵱹أܵУһ㣬ֵþη
ÿЦЦʦѾ˵
ʦѾ˵ˣ
ʦͷ
ǾͺãǴѰνĹߣҪʦæ·
ߣǸʮֵĵطڹ̶ĵص㣬Щ˾㵽˵طδܹҵҲֻͨ飬ѰҵŷΧܲܽСҲ޷ȷ
ʦ
ߣȻڼñȴһ̶ڣҪҵҪ
ֻҪҵλüɣλžʦУ֣
ЦЦ
ãʦӦ
ܹĥľÿǰʦЩ˳ɹˣҲЩʧȥټԶʧ
žȻһΣȴҲ˴ŹȥģɳĮһ仯󣬾ٴιҪ˴·һҵȷλãܺϴһ˳С
ô죬λҪҪʦϢһ£
ˣȥɣȻиʦ⵽֣֡
һ죬Σնһݣ˶ߣ·Դ˯
Ǻãɣ
ʦҲ飬ָӷʥ׼򣬱ֱǰȥ
ڵĵطڼóԱ˴һʱ漴һƬڵ֪Զ
°ɣǰ֮أңӵкܶвͻ׹УӳҪ߽ȥֻܲУ
ַһᣬʥأʦܵ
ñ󣬲г˵󣬿лһЩУвͻᱻɣ֪
뿪ޱǰȥ
֮УһЩʺɫֲҶƣƽڵϣӡ
Щʳ𿴺ƯȴʮΣգһЩǿߣץסѣ
һ£ʦһץһ鲻ʯҶ˹ȥ

ʯҶһӴ̰У˲ķ飬һˡ
⡭
üëһ
ۼţϻֲ


1211 ĳϽ
ղʳһ˲ɵֿ죬ֺݣ׼ͼʦ˵һͨĻǿߣ¶ѡ
ⶫֲڸۡһ¶ѡ
ʳ棬һЩĶ棬Уһҧᵱԣȫʵʩչ𽥳󣬱۰׹ǣÿʦߣʮˣˣһȱΪأǰðգ
ʦ˵ߴӽָȡһ⣬ӽԶ
տʼƯ֮ϣƬ̺һЩڼ׳Ӵҧȥգ۹򣬾ۿɼĻŨˮ类ǿḯʴһ㡣
һĻɫȫò̫ÿ
֮ǰ֪ܿ£ֻû뵽˿£ǶԪϵǿߣס䡣
Ҳ̫ģأҲЩ¶ĵ棬һͬţֻҪ׼ЩطǾͿԼǰУõ̫࣡
ʦЦЦһΣʮԶѾ֮еһӲ֮ҽҺ棬Ӳȴ͵ӣ
˵ǰȥʮ£Ѿ׿⡣
ϸȥŵĵطɫط΢ͬЩ࣬ͬûֲȴһֿ֮УڽȻͬ
Щ棬ȻγɵĿԺСǺġ
ĳ֪һγɣȻһݣʮ׾һվĵ棬пΪ¡
߰ɣ
Щ⣬÷ʥԭصȺ˽ںҲ˹ȥ
Ҷʥǿߣǿ󣬶ԷȻֻһΣλȴѾԺϣû˿ƫ
ʦ˵ʥޣ֪棿
ǽһΣô鷳ʥôģ
ƬߣһЩ½أֱҲֻмΪ⻷ܹһЩҩĿʯʥޣΪԼռɽΪһǰ̽յսɱ
ʦһ£ǰһ飡
˿ȥȻԶһƬ½أ͵ģͺеĹµһ˸ֲָвȸС
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Ϸ
ǿЩ߰ɣǰϵģȻҹӿ£
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ţ
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Ȼڻ磬ķΧʵ̫ˣֲܷУϹȥĻûһʱº󲻵á
мʦ·ȷȫ˲٣ʥ޵½أǰУΣ֮Ҳǰͱܿ˽ӽʱ
·˼̽ߣƿ
ΪݣȻûʦʵţ֮Уʦ򣬴ҽأһб໥ɱɱԽĲ
ֵطͺͷ֮һֻҪʬӽ󣬾ʦˣҲ̽顣
ǰǴģҪѰߣҪȻ취һ̽飬ңҲûиõİ취
˰ʱͷȻ׹ʦǰһָ
˳ָķ˿ȥ漴һ޴½سǰֱߡ˹һ͵ɽ崣Уֲ飬ԶԶȥһС
ȥɣ
ϣ˺ܿϡ
½ûʲôطŨһϢˬ֮С
ѹֻʥסԸ뿪ȷ°빦
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طŨȻأĻٶȣȻԶ硣
ʥޣ϶ҲǷЩܣ֪Σգ֮͡
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һʦȡһЩ߼ʥ޵ҺܣʾһЩ棬ޣǲҪǰ
һ·ҲܵĿ£ٶ˵׼õĶȡ˳
ƿ⣬ԵҲʢ
ҲϢϥڵϼ
ʣһĳˢ̥Ӥȡ価ɱ䡣
ҫʦ÷๦۳ЧҲ˿ȲϽԴҲˡ
ţ
˲֪ãͻȻеԶһٵĲתͷȥͼɫǺ죬ƺЩѹƲסڵ
ôˣ
ǰ
ҲоѣˢˢΧ˹
ʦҿҪɳϽˡ

üëһ塣
Ԫİ£õ޸ܿͻ˰벽ϣﵽαϵľ磬ֻҪԸ⣬ʲôʱ򣬶׽٣ΪĳϾǿߣôͻȻ￪ʼˣ
ô£ʵ
Ҳ֪ղֻһᣬ;ԪѾﵽ״̬ҪѹƣȴѹƲס
ɫǺ죬ë䣬˾͸еͷܲ׽Ȼ١
ҪţϽٶѣƾʵܹɿ
ʾ뿪׽򣬲ҪӰ죬ЦЦ
ΪսʦսˣȻ׽Щִ٣ҪȹӦòѡ
¡
˵꣬׵ֱ䡣

һԪ뿪ֱ׵˹ȥ
̣
֮һʱǱһյͲСƺڳԳܵĥ
ţ
üëһ塣
ϽΣޱȣǽԿôԪϣȥӭˣ⡭̫Σˣ
ʦҲЩ˼顣
Ͻ٣Ԫ񣬰Ϊ˸׶ɹܶ߶ǽֿһ׵磬ʣµԪաãֱԪӭȥûʲôˡ
ӦǲԼơ
֮䶯ɫһ
ܿƣ
˲⡣
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˵ͷпȥͼ£ԪԽԽСʱᱻĥɾ
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κεż
Ϊദ˺üѣ޷Լĺѣ
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ˢˢ˹
Ҫ˵ﻹ˭ܾˣҲֻǰλˡ
ġ
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1212 ߳
֮£׵֮ŰԪʱѾֲ˶೤ʱˡ
ܶ˴ﵽαϣ֮ɶ겻ҳͺǳˣȴʼղ׽٣ӦǱ׻ľ÷Ԫų
üͷԽԽ
ԪֹˣǿֹĻֻ׵ԽԽձӲն
ʦҡͷ
ֻԪ۷ǿߣڳϾԼϽ٣֪һЩġ
ضǿߵУʹַֻ⵽ķɡ
ǰЩѰ죡
ͷ
׽٣ֻԼɹһֻ֣ԽԽǿңﵽһֲɿصĵزͺ񵱳ķʥ٣֪ΣգȴҲûгһ
ҪֵĻмʮַ׽ܲ֡鷳ˡ
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εż
š
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󲿷ֱˣǾͺá
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д󲿷ֱˣôоˡ
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⡭ǹߣ
һۣžȭͷһ


1213 ħ
ǣ
ʦæ˹ȥ
ȻԴ۹ʦõĸλȨأδνĹߣҲǵһμ
ǸֱСмһ״۾ģȪˮǳܹʯȻС·ȴʲôһ㣬û˿࣬˸ֵͰֲ
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͵ħһͬһܱյķ䣬ûйҲûƵ˷衣
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Ȳ˵ӵͼݺܹ֮屾ʣ˵Ĵʦһʥߣ±ѣᱻԻ

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1214 
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1215 Χ
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ҲκζֻҪĽȫɶһڵϡǽϣ۶۲
Ϊﵽ̥Ӥ۷壬սȻȳϾڣЩԪ񾳵Ľܹġ
ǰһᣬ˶ʮͷǰĽˣľͷ
еϸƣʧӵǽֺǸڡ
Ǹ칤أ
һǽڣü
ⲻͨǽڣɻزöɣȻٿЩļһں档
Щأס˿ԣҪҡ
ҡҡͷһ

Ժг鼮
ָһе֪ʶΪ䡣
Ȼ۷칤ʦõġǶѽУ칤ʦ
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ָǰߡ¡
꣡꣡
һת𣬽žͿǰǽڣ໯¶һͨղʧϸߣӡ
ûԥֱ˽ȥʱеһֱüģ͵˹


1216 ǽ
ʲô
ͫȫëը
ٶȼ죬ͬ磬ҪǣǿʵҲ˲ףܵĻȻᱻֱӴ̴
һ޽ʩչһĿռѹһ㣬ƽ׶࣬ǽϡ

绮һ˹ȥʧǰ
գ
ҿԿռ޽˸̵⣬һ¾㲻ҲȻˣ
ÿµĽ
Ͼ۷壡
ȭͷһ
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򣬸ʩչĹ
͵Ϯ֮£ûȥ
̣
ɿָеɱڣ˹һǰһ󣬽ǰͶܵ·ȫ
ߣ
֪ͨխٲղɫһһ꽣Ҳģһӭȥ
꽣ֻƷʥڵʵǿںҹ磬ʹĽһʱƵʯҷɡ
ˣ
һ£ѡ
һлԷĽҲͣЪǰȥ

ٶȿ죬Է죬ٴθе˺ѣĵһһǿֻҪȥпܱ롣
꽣£˹ԷƺӵеӵһǿһУĽǿ
һֽ󣬻ߡĽУ
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꽣̳һȥǰУȻ˰˽
˵ԶʤղŵûǰסĿռ䣬Ϳʼһζһɢ
⣡
ܵɣ͵һץۻγһԲ򣬽棬кȻ
ﵽ̥Ӥ۷壬սѾȳϾǿߣʵȻƵúˣս֮ǿѾ
һһһʤһѵһǧǰĳǽ
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Դ۹սʦã츳ߵλýսʦǱ۹õУһĽ󣬺ųƳǽ
֣Ͼ۷ǿߣⲻס
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ղƿأ˽Ҫʵ϶ɱˡ
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ϣ
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žણ
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֨
ϸѰңǲǻʲôأͷϻɵ̧ͷȥղŴ򿪵ͨȻرա
ȻǶؾɣһرգû֮Ҫҵڣûôס
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һ漴һĸߴӰǽ֮˳紩ǽһ㡣
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㡭û
ǰģǱˣ֮ǰԴǣԼѻ꣬ú̵ัʣ


1217 ƾ
һﲻ
ôֳ⣿
ʣôױɱôͳһΪһߣ
Цɱ¾ɱĲһˣ

ü
һͶ̥ɣǷ֮һ֮ǰǸͭߣȻҲֻǷλʣδ̫ͨ˰ɣ
ҷָ꣬꣬ķɱˣôԳȫ㣡
۾¶Ũҵĺ⡣
ߣصٺã཮򣬶Һʦ򽻵ҲҪСģԡͭߣֻѼ۶ɵķ
Ϊ˰ȫ
׻ʦ۷Ҳ֪Ѷٴۣ꣬һֱŪɱˣʮ߶ûŹ
˵ǰһһˡ
еĺ֪޲ôңɱˣ
Ȼ
ɲ㣡
һߣɱڡ
¡
գ۹͸еԼĻǱһɾ޴ʱ
֪Էʩչл֮üͷ
׻ͷȻܴȴΪûкʵսǿ˿ǿ
һ壬ȻΣա
תס꣬ڵһˣ͵ǰ˳ȥ
Ҳûʲôֵġ

ۻھбڣ˲ԭϿ񱼵ʨĵĳһ˶Ǳһ˹
˽һ
սʦڽ鼮ϸѧһ飬Ѿﵽʥ򼶱𣬴˿̣ٴʩչ˽һľУֱӣһʺ磬ڵع
Щ£
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ܹԽսҲͳϾսͺڱȣǲ˺ܴһء
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ǳָ
أ
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ô췢ҵ۾ȱݡ۷ʦ
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һâʹǳָһɢڿУٴκˡ
սʼͽͼݿ˶Էϵȱݺ©ֻһʵ̫ǿˣܹΧĻ֪ţ޷ͬûЧ
Խߣ֪ŵĹЧҲԽ͡
׹
ʵ͵ʱֻҪ֪ţԽնɱߺü󼶱ǿߣΪԽԽߣ߶ԿռԽ࣬ɵˡ
ɱԷףԷɱҲѡ
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꣡꣡
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ˣǿ߲ƴµ似
ţ
û뵽ǰλֻʥ̥Ӥ⵲ס˷ɫѿ鲻Խĺָſٴһץ

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ǱѾûټ֪ʱԷߡ
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ȻԷִٳ֣ǿȴҲЩץ
һĻߣ˲֪ϹʵǴﵽϾڣȻһֻ̥ӤСһˡֱܲס
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žͿһ޴¯һƨɶԴ¡
ֵס
䣡
Էǿ˫ûסϥһ
꣡
͸ն롣
ʢ

ҺͬС


1218 ط

ס۾
̫ˣĿˡ
ܾõĳǸطԺôã
϶ˣ
ı꽣ʵ̫ˣ
ͬԼıʣҪˡ
һĻߣƿһĴԱԳ֣Ըһ̥ӤСӣѾܵˣȻԷ˾ա
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Ϊطȥ㲻Ҳ౨ϣû뵽Ƴұǿ
һĻߡľջ˾

û̾꣬ͼǰʣУԽԽǳͼһ㣬գ۹ͳ׶ߡ
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ͱͱͱˣŪȫģ¡


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ü
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˵ط嶸Ȼͬǳܾ޴ʹ࣬ʱڣԼѳһɹ͵սһҲʱЧԣʱһԶԭΪԷӦ֪Ƕ֣ʹط
ѣɴ۾
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أ
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أ
תѹסƣ̧ͷȥͼԴͱ꽣Ҳɣһڵϣһҳӡ
ѳʣսȻԴҲǳϾǿߣȴһжûס
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ͷͬʱ˹

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̣
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ʩչطʣٶȾȻҲ˿
ߡ˴Σת˺üηеëէ𣬼æתͼһͷʣ֪ʱҲ
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꽣Ҳͬڵϣһµ鶼ûˡ
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أ
ؿһۣͱĵɶݺײǽϣС
ۣ
ŷ˳ʱӿеȥӣȻˣʱ
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̻һ財
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㡭
Դըƺţ飬͵ϮӰǱˡ
ſԱͣдűӡ
ѣøţƵģ˭軹ûһ


1219 ʿ
һʣͺսʤˣѳʤΪӪȽڴָһȻһֱˣʾõλá
װԱɢע⣬÷͵Ϯһٳɹ
򵥣ʵȴǣܶ࣬ʲôӶԶʲôطͣ¡ʲôǶ͵ϮŲ֡
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¡
Ԫһ֣ΧĿռø̣֮ͬУ˵ǰܱԭضѡ
ʧȥԪǿƺܷǿս

ܵԪڿлںһγһ
ԷķطܱٵԪάԭò
Ҫ
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̣
ʾ޴ԪƺͶԷһӴᣬʴգ۹򣬾ͳһ󶴡

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һôͲԼߵ⣬ҵ˽תָƣء
Ϊ׽Էնɱڿûôס
׻ĿǣԷֻҪû似֧ţ̫ԶͻܹܣҲʮ־޴Ūȫᱻĸɾ
ڻûˣĹ⡭Щòʧ
ô죿
Щǳʱϸ룬ٴһָ˹
أ
޴˺ƿƺҪ䶴
һζ뷴ͻȻһ뵽ʲô΢΢һЦһ
һ̳ڵϡ
һ

̱һۻԿеɶ
ţԴǲõļ̳
ʵԪڿһΣһۣʱ˳
ǱģǸԴǲõļ̳նɱʦвԷġû뵽ԷЯҼԸ
ⶫҪ˵ɱ¾ܼ֮ʮָӣһΣҪѺܴۣļһﵽôģ
õԼ
æȥüëһ
ԷȻԼ̳ҪŸݳޣ
öԷδֶܼã͸еԽԽǿԪһζҲƲסΣ̨̱Ϸ
̳ǣ˵طмǿڣܿ⣬˿ֻ̣ʣԪҲⲻס
ձȥƽ֮Ϳͬʱ˹һᡣ
ơȭͷơܹʩչգ۹ȫϡ
ɶ񡭡
ҽУһȫ˼ۣ˼̳͵Էץȥ
ûԷǰͬʱ˳ȥ㵽ϰ׿⡣
ͷ㽫̳ٵȴ֣ѾԷս˽ָ
ɫ࣬ȥԷնɱͼֳ̳Զǿ

ٴα˹ȥûжλֳ˹һͷ
һҪɱ㡭
ĿҪˣѾ࣬ٴѼַ̳һܵ˸Զĵط̳
žણ
ֱȥٴһᡭ
ΣԪԽԽСҲԽԽ
ô޳ܵġ
ܵԼʱʿˡ
ʦʵǿʦûô޳ܵġ


1220 ҵĻ
ˡͣ
ڵϵĽԴվϷѿһ죬졣
Ϊں˽ʯ׽٣ʵﵽϾڣǸָ߸ˣôû뵽˸ݡ
ֶô࣬ôǿʣŪ붼ҡ
ɶܺԡ⻰ǶԵġ
Ȼ˻ڰæǮ
ˣ
һ󺣱֮˰֡
һ㬣δ
챻ڴָòлˣǺڴġ
ʱԪѾĲٱƺʱḲ
˷طֱǰλͣڣԪҲﵽ˱ıԵ
Ҫɱ㡭
һǺ⡣
֪ˣţѻ꣬һ£һ£ܿͺã
οһ䣬ָһ㣬һγϸߣֱüȥ
Ҫ
ʩչطǾ֣ŵҪߣ̳ʵ̫ˣſ벻ȥ
ѹţ֪֪꣬Ϣ˵
ܣ겻ȥ
ϣ
һ˷ܣҴǰһžͶʵԴ˹ȥ
žߴ
λߣſڼ̳ϣһ֣裬ȫͣ䶯ҪѣȴΪ

ҡҡͷתͷһۣ

꽣̷˹ģҶŲһ
ֱͣԭأһҶԵĺľżһ
⻹࣡
ĵ˵ͷˣѾˣѻɣ
ţ
ָϸԷüġ
ϸ۲죬ѯһº˵ʲôطͻȻعһζһ
ʦȻ׻֮ҽϢй¶ȥжˣо㣿ɱ㣿
дЦڶҲ巽λ
ڿ¶ˡ
ֹͣѻ꣬һ̳һսָվֱӡ
֪˿϶ڸղνѻֻ꣬ΪԷֶΡ
ƾʥ۷ľ磬ͽϾڵʣնɱʦ͵ĿʦһսԶţ
˸п̫ˣɱ㣬練ƣ
˵̸꣬еһһζתԼ׻Ǳʲô˺ʱ
ţ
һ
ָо͵ڳܺԺһ겻ɿƣϾͻᱻԷɡ
תֿž޴ʵ̫ˣգۼ䣬ǰٴζһڵĺڶҪɽȥ

׻걻壬̳ǰ
⡭ô׻꣡
һ㶣ƺҲһ
ͨ׻׻Ҳǿζû뵽ǰȻ˿ķ롣
Ӧ֪пɱɣ
ֻһ˲ָܿһ˫۾ӺڶɳĿ˹
ȷնɱҵ
ͷ
֪ͺãЦЦɱ㣬ȴû֣Ӧסһüֵ
ҷȥ

ʹ˵Ǽ򵥡ֻҪܰԲɱ㣡˵
ɱңǲһ뿪ǻὫƳɽ˻߿ܣһЦ
ֻпܻ߽ˣŲ˵ϻ
Ҳϣ˵
ȻˣһΪҪҡͷ
ԷɱԼﻹȳ
ɲ㣬ۿһȺʦȫԲôӦ
𣬽źڶһΣһ档
ˡ
ʱˣɱ޻סػκεˣѾ˲ˣƣˡ
Ȼ˵ʵô಻֪ʹ֪۵޻ˣɿⲻס

˱ͼֲס֪ʲôش򿪣һӰ˳
ͬǸ޻ˣıȣҪǿ̫࣬ȻﵽˣϾڣѨŨҵɱ
Щˣͳܲסٳ֣Ⱥˣܹ
˳֣۾һۣһЦ
ţ߳޻ˣһȺ
ҷá
κɫһ䣬æȣδ䣬ԷѾǰƶؿ
أ
ɫһףκɳȥˤǽϣڴڵѪ
λóֿȱ󷨶ʱ©˻ûüµͼһһȺսڶǿε˹ȥ
꣡
εʵȫֵܵСսôʱ䣬ĵĲˣͬûӦͱУſڵϣݷס
һգ۹򣬺һļˣˡ
ɶҪ
λͬˣž֮ǰƷʥģ͵ضǰĽ˹ȥ
ƺзָһ㡣
ˣһ£ڿͣ
ɫǺ죬žþȫã񱻽ˮճԭء
Ԫ񾳳ǿߣսˣͳϾڱȣҲʵ̫ˡ
䶨ס޻ˣһЦǰһ
žણ
žͬɶڰգؿһâ˸ƺʲô֮Ķͣ
ΪӵܣķһЩġ
ȤⶫңŶûУ
һĻЦ
£޻ϥ͵һ̤ٴγ˹ȥָͬ٣һ¡
ˣ
ž˺湥ԽԽ࣬âҲԽԽ
ĻҲƣܹסһιҲˣˣҲֲס
أ
âʧžһͬɣڲԶ
ˣʣµľͼˣܿʦλϣҲˣ˱˵ʦ˵Ѿȫû
޻ֿͣ˸ǰʱȥ
ôҵĻҿǣΪʦܲۿѣһǰɣ
ˣ϶ˣ˶ǰŨŨơ
ʦ򣬵壬ۿǰԼа취ȴȥȻҲȻˣԺѽ
ǰ
̬ȣҡҡͷҲôģ
ţ
һﵽڶӲ˵ͼϵķȻһתղŻ˵ʦ͵رͬʱ֣һգ۹͵ڽϡ
أ
û뵽˵ܱ˾޴Ĺ޻˻ûӦؿھͱһ󶴣߹ȫѡ
𾪣֪ô£
ôҵĻҿˣΪסʦĴڣܲۿ£ǰɣ
ˡ


1221 Ժ۾

͵Ϯͷ޻˴ˣûսʦͬʱվԳ֣ܿͽΧ޻նɱ
˾׽٣ѾϾǿˣЩˣԪ񾳣ֵס
ˣʦ˵žκ˸ǰȡһ«ƣÿһڹȥ
˵ˣƻָһվ
ʦô£ǡ
Ǿ棬š
Ͻ٣ˣʱôһգ۹ôˣ
ʦαװԶԷʱ̣ųֵġ

׽٣ȷһˡ
ûѻָʦǺ«ҩʵ̫ǿˣָƣ궼õ˲䡣
ʦҲ˵ͷ
ȻûȾƣʦڣעǵƣŸγɣѾá
ʦǰˣҲȥ
һпǰȥ
Щ꣬ࡣ
׽٣ʧȥһԱ󽫣ζû뵽Է˴æ
֪һɱǣںڵ˫ۣɱ
֪ǰб޻ҡͷ
û뵽ԷʦΪҪЮܷһʲô£Ҫб޻
һ˲֪õϹǰ׼Ū
ܺáѵΪĲɱ㣿
ǰ޿֣ƺ˿ӣ˶£дŷŭ
㵱Ȼɱҡǣɱ𣿡
һЦƤһ̧϶Ͷ֣ôϻ˰ɣ
Ρ
һʱ򣬶˵ҪԼնɱû취֮ᣬŽշ
ڶָǣͬףֱӳ֡Ȼͬһ˵ѪԸȻһôǰ׺ݣαʴȣˣ
ȻԷֻ˵˵ҪɱԼûôף
򣬾ϻֱӾͶˡ
ֻߡԼ֣ѹͶԲڳô¡
Ȼˣʲôµģ
㡭
һ㶡
ô˵ҾȻȥˡ
Էת׻һζɲǼǰһŷ֣վԭأղŵһУǻþ
Լ²һ˿
֮ǰڳܼУԷ֣;Щ֣ֹĳϽ٣ӻɡ
ǿ󣬲ΣѹûҪһ١
ʱôңˣҲû֡
Ѿȷֻǲðգ֤
׻걻ԷãֶԷû֣ǽʦ˵вס
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װʦʥǿ߶ܣŪԼôף
һΣղͻأֵǽ棬˹ȥ
Ƭ̺΢΢һЦüë𣬲ָ
¡
꣡
ɴ򿪵һͨӡ
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תͷк
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֪ˣʵûô£СΪãϾ˲֪ϹֶֻΣҲء
ں棬㡭ʵڲУҳ㵱
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ñ򲻹ؼôС治֪ôģ
ķԴͱ꽣սָͨȥ
Ҹ㽲Ϊ𣬾ҪӢңʵȺУηηţͨߣôԵôķ
߱ߺߣΪ
СһЩΪã
Խ˵Խ࣬ЩΡ
ߵı˰ɣԷȴװƣ붼ˡ
ʲôСĵģһẦ£
һЦ˵ȥͻȻһɾ޴͵س
žણ
ûӦԴͱұ⣬״ͱ
˭͵Ϯҡ
һŭ𣬷æ򹥻ķȥʱѾʯ׵ľͷͬǸĴ

Ӱ͵س˳ǰ棬ԴǱ֮һһȭ
ȻΣգԼȻˣ̲ס˿ϸ˹ȥ
һĸߵͣˣҲ޻ˡ
칤ܣ
üëһ塣
ǰĸӰȻʮ־ɵ칤ܡ
칬ܣ֮ǰΪģƵĿܲͬȫɣӵлɣԷӳȥǿս
һȭͽԴʵ²Լٴﵽ˳Ͼڡ
ɶ񣡡
ĿҪˡ
ڱǰװģܣ˳㳰Цһͱеƿ֪һԴָԭ״ŸնֵĿܾͳ˹ȥ
أ
һһܣʮȭ޴ܵĿѹ죬ʯҷɣҲѺۣ˭ûһ
ǿ
۾һ
ͷܵʵ֮ǰʣȻ˿
Ա߻ͷ
һԼͷϽԴͬǶ֡
ôΪɱ㣿
˵
˼Щܣ

ʲôֶΣֻҪɱˣǾõֶΡ
Ц
ҲˣƾԼʵɱҡ
ҡͷ
ŪʣŪЩܣԷƾԼʵɱԼȷѡ
ˣѾȷˣҵĴԺ۾
֮ڵĺ
Ժ۾
ţ̺䣬ԣ֪ôܼ࣬ǵסʦ¡
֮ڵĺ˷Ժ۾սֻܹƻһЩ£֡ʩչһЩϵطԣڶû֣һֱĵ

ķ˵ͷ
ָǣ˵ֱӶ֣ǰõĲˣǿܣֻ׻֮ԵƾʵɱԼ
ҪСģԵսȻУڣ֪ĺܶ࣬ҪնɱҶᡭѣ
֮ڵĺҡͷ
Ȼʵ׽٣˽ɼܲסԷֶζࡣ
ӵļ䣬Ȼ֣ζᣬܷӳһ࣬һָԿġ
ؼǣģһֱͬеĻʿһ㣬ѹȣ¡ֻҪͼпܻΌⲻס鲻Խ
֮ڵĺˣдŵǡ
˵ȫ룬ҲҪӴԵġȥŪ÷ǵܶᣬΪԷٿصĿܡ


1222 ʦ㣡
ü
ƿ࣬˵ѪѳƬֻҪڣֱȻҲҪ
ΪдԷ׿ʣô޻˺Ϳܣôʩչ׻֮Լ궼Ǹڶʱ˺ѣ
֮ǰⲻסﵽ̥Ӥ۷󣬶ԷַɱѾˣ£
һͷϹؼм䡭˭֪óʲôֶΣ
㲻ҺӲ
һ£ʵ
ǣȲ˵ʵΣҵͣΪԣҲ޷⣬ױƣǡʧȥʶҵȥ˵
ûʶ
Ц
ⲻܡ
Է׽ڶǿ󣬽֮Ĩɱô
ֱǲɵ

˵Ľ̸ͨ깵֮ͨ䣬̲ͷܣǰһΧһλһȭ裬ѹ¡
Դ
֪ڵʵֵסͷһк¯ͻأ֣һƨɾǰĿײ˹ȥ
أ
ȭͷƨɶһĺ˼
ԴʵĶֻ֣Ŀܣ˫սķռ˺ܴƣ߶սͬƾУǰƺʤһ
˿ûüɣʣͷٴγ˹

׽Ϣ磬ΧĿͬ˺ѡ
Ƿλ㿴͡
ɫһףæ

ֻǷ˭ȱ𣿡
һ߶һߴ
Ļһͷܳһ£ȥϸղλһ֣գ۹ٴνߵԴͱ

Ҫˡ
˵ı𣬶ֱ˽ΣգͦԼ𣬶ɶ
ֱˡ
òϴΣգҲǰܵġ
ƣͷսʱ䲻Ͼ˼ȭؿڡ߹Ƕȥ
ҺǾ̥ƶɣ´һغ
취ЩܲסȽһ㣡
Ҫը
ã
Էǹ˿˲١
䣡
þȫټ÷ͷ֮սȻҲֻƽ֡
˼˭Ƿ˭Ǳ𣬽춼ѡ
ȻҲû뵽ӵʵͷս·磬һ˵ȥͻȻͣ㡢㡭Ҷ֣
Ļ˽ɻȭͷܻˣæȥһ֮£Ҳ鲻ԽĴԭء
ֻ׷ɱĿܣ֪ʱ˫ϥأǰһģһӰһݡ
֪˵ЩʲôܼҲѡ
ȥ
˿ĭһı顣
ԼԴ˺üΣû˺Էֺ֪˵ʲôͷܾ͹ˡδ̫ˣ
ϸ˹ȥǹ𣺡ȥɣʦ㣡
䣬ͷ׷ɱĿܣͶֱ˹
ҡ
ɫһ䣬ŵҪͼͷѾԼߵһͷսһ
أ
ܴѷ֣˭Ҳ˭
ǳ鴤˿ԸǰͷܣͼǰдζΪܣֻӱ˵ǶôҵĻ
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汾ٴһȣͷܣԴսĿܳ˹ȥ
ˡ
𾪵ķ˿
ʦ֮ģн࣬žı˵ðʦӵԼȻӼ򵥡
̫ˣԸսҪǿˡ
̲סп
ѧѧҿԽ㡭
𿴹
ɫǺ죺ͬһˣøװ˰ɡʦ˭ᣡ
˵꣬һΣսǸܸǰͬ񸸣Ϊܣֻӱ˵ǶôҵĻ
أ
Դһȭ⡣
ҡץ
ͬһˣ˵ͬĻ˵ֱ꣬ӹ£˵꣬ıը
Ҳ̫ѷ˰ɣ

⸱ӣҡҡͷ
ͬԼ꣬ɶʱԼһ͵أ
װƣһ㶼ʡģҲˣ
ҵ˵
սĿܺͷ֮˸ǰȥ
Ǹտĵãͷûκζ
϶лء
֪νĹߣ˾ӪĲ֪˶ٻأϸѰң˺޺޵
ʦ֮ģʦڣƻҵĿܡȻͿʦһ๦޵УΪҺͿʦսΣѵûУ

ü
æתͷԶĿܿȥͼղܣζ£Դը
ͨ
˵ϡ
˺֣
ɫһ
ǺˣƵĿܶ˺֣ģԵĨɱ
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˼꣬ͿʦΣûС϶ͱʦ˲֪ٴˡ
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նɱշĿܣʧȥҪǣɱӺ
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ܵԣԼͬᱻֱնɱ˵ִ˳շͼˣ
¡
öԷȻһƻķͼʣµͷܣӷĳ˹
ͬǸеΣĶ֡
ͽԴҪļһ﹥ˡ
ҿôֵ
Ц˵ĵ⡣
ʵõֵ
ܹ㶨֣ҡҡͷ
õֵ
Ըǣʵܼ򵥡
̾Ϣһһħ׺ħҾͳǰ
عʱͽЩħˡ
ȥͷܶˡ
ǣ
ħסħһźֱ˹ȥ

ħʣ߶ֵסȻû취գ۹üġ
ˣˣ
ħڣͷʧȥսζ˼£ڵϡ
㡭ħ˳鴤
ⶫŪġû뵽ؼʱ̳˶ԷĴ֡
ħȻ޷ĨɱܵԣҲû취ҵĻסԷһʱ䣬޷սǺ׵ģһЦ
ħ˼άң޷սܿƲ˿ܣʧȥս鷳Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
ܺãܺãܿ赲ͷܣ赲סô𣿡
ٴߣ˵Ļһش򿪣һȺ˳ϰ١
ôࣿ
ɫһףԴҲæӣ档
ôܣôħ𣿡
˿Ц
ЦûͼƤһ̧ҡҡͷ
˼һУ


1223 칤

滰ħӰ˸һգ۹һħǰ
һٶ
սʦĵŪһħҪɱѱװʱպó
̣
һٶͷħֱܳ˹ȥ
ҵģ
ȿġ
ħħʦȡ֣ûֵźȥ
ħȻôܣȫ˷ܵس˹ȥգ۹򣬿ܻûǰһ˵ϡ
㡢㡭
˷衣
ΪЩܣ֪ľ˶ٲϺͷΪԳΪս޲ʤ޲ˣɽǰһնɱζû뵽˼׼˺֡
ôħǿħ꣬ħİɣ


ħĿܣȫ˫ֱģһɽʬһ㡣
ˣҽȫɣȻħƲˣٳ
Դǰٴλָ̬޴ƨŤŤ޲һƨһ

ҡҡͷȻЩǿܣȴҲԼʶȫɱʵĲ̣
ЩܣˣͽԴһֱɱˣ̡̫
ǡԴһ㶡
ɱһħƲסˣô࡭ǻ
ɣ
ҡҡͷһԸһץ

ڵϵпܣȫսָ
ЩһڻңֿټϱǱҲ
Դ

Ҳ˵Ѫ
Щܶġġ
ǿ
ⲻǲôôɣ
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ٴγµͨ÷ǰ棬żȥ
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ôԹ
Դһܣ̲ס
ǰĵعһ󷿼䣬С䣬飬ǵ·Թûʲô
ؼǣһۿͷ֪ڵӶԶ죬ֶ
⡭ʲôõģ
һͷˮ
ǣҲԭء
ԿЩԹķ䣬ʴɣ˲֪ٴۡ
˵֮ǰôܣѲСЩ䣬϶ٳܵʮٱ
ѵЩסģ
Դһ£
ÿסһͷܣҲסôɡ
ʶɨӣܿ䣬סҲסôడ
ˣСģǧ͵Ϯ
벻ͨŪ׵ô£ҡҡͷԹͨǰȥ
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1224 ų
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1225 ʦͽ
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1226 Σϣ
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1227 Σ£
ģԴ۹ʵ۳Уʦ޸ϵϹʾáʦչͣȥ
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1228 ˻ʵۣϣ
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תһȦҵʵĵطΪǶʦϣҿһȦȷλá
ǵĿԴңΪ˼գԣλһҪѡá
ţ
ͬʱ˵ͷշУվλá

չۻ
ɢƮʹȥûκ˵Ĳ
ܻʹӵ󷨣ҲԽŻתģƽʱʱǷŵ۹Ҳûݳ޵ʱ̱ת
ټɢԴë룬ֻҪ޷ֵ
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ˣȫˣֱȥǸʵۣ
䣬һʱ䣬ʶɨһ飬ŵͷ
ãȰʵץסˣ
ǿĿһ


1229 ˻ʵۣ£
ʹڡ
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Ӻ棬̧ͷһۣԶŵһˣʵ
£ǼһͲ󣬵ǸӲͷɶ˵ưһֵѾ̷ùˣûڣ
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ϴץľүˣרŪЩҩڴָУԱʱ֮衣
ҩ裬˺ôһᣬŻָǰѹŵĳУŭȼգ档
ΪԷǺģ취ʦ֮ìܣζû뵽Ȼһͱ鷭ܵ裡
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ˣ
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ʵǰȫɫһףǿ鲻ԽĽֱ


1230 ηǱ
ܶԷôٵô޳ܣϾԴŵ۹Ļʵ۱£ѵһٿԣãҲԡֱŪΥˡ
ˡ
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ҲҪʦ֮󣬲ܾϣɱˣսһŵ۹
һһ˵ɱģҸȫ𣡡
ȭͷҧ
ô𣿡ǿĲǸˣү
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ǰô𣬶Ҫǣʦû취¡
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ô죿ɫ͸졣
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û뵽λʦ־ǿüëһЩõĿôĵӣ֪Ǽү˭


1231 ڰɣԣ
ҹү˭ӷͬѺȥ
һڣʦĻᡣ
ǿ˵ЩʲôͱһסΪʲô˵λʦǰֱѺߡ
ء
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1235 ٷ
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1236 ˵Ѫ
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1237 ˰ɣ
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1238 㻹ڳ
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׼ʦķŵ۹뷨ӦǴžԵȨһԳ˴ӡ
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ֻҪ䣬Ժǰ;Ȼˣô³çǵ飬Իǰ̣
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ʦĿΪȶ塣
ǿˣһʹŪһʵۣɱͽҲΥ˹涨
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ѲǶʦսʦãսʦ
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ҡǼսʦãǡɽ׸ıƣƶҩ֤
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Էձսʦ£֪һЩδ¡
ƣΪʦȻ˵⻰ʦСʱ̣ƵĻǲҲڼԣ
һ˦䡣


1239 ˮ

ĿҪը
ʦԴ̣ǱĬѧϰ֪ʶͬʱıԣõķչ˵ģ˱ƣҪʦãڷ񶨿ʦʦ𣿡
ǳ⡣
ҡҲ˼
һΡ
񶨿ʦʦáʮҲҰ
Ƿսӣսʦãǵľ󣿡ŵ
ҡҲ˼
ҧ
սʦʦýƣսӣ̫ˣС۵ġ
ʲô˼Ҷ壬˽Ҷѣ

㡭
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üëĻΪʦҪʵǡ˵Ϲƭʦ֪Ǻ
˵ʲô
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Ϊ׼ʦʦ٣ÿһо綾һ֮С
ǰЩǵûָоů
𾪣ȭҦʦĿǴ֮
ҡҡͷҦȻŹ֮⣬ʹ޹أ
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һڣǰİʦҦʦ뽫µȥϸ˵ȻٰҺ
뽲Ҧͷ
ģһλʣΪʵǷһλ׻ʦӵһ֣Ծ˻ǵطҲ˵ʵΣֻҪûԷһΧڡͿԱɾáΪϣ
꣬

һһ̳ǰ˵ϣʹõһ󷨣ҦʦţԿ
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Щ걻ɱġ
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ţЩ걻вĨɱңЩʦ֮ǰһͳйӴ㣬ʦòѯ

̽ӹЩ˶йӴ֮ǰʲô֪ЧҺ˺󣬲³ͼˡ
ûý飬ҲԶ֪ͽĨɱܹ֮Ӧλб£ӴЩʦԷʳ
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ŵҺʦȻƲ⣬ȴҲҶ֣ΪһնɱڼñʣȻ֮ززѰҾˣԣǶԱչص壬ļ˾λ֣ǰնɱԷΣأȴҲҳɹ£֮ǰ˵ˣ
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⡭˳Ĭ
ǰûܹԣ˭޷ȷϣɳʲô
д˹ǣǰ⽻ǿԼϵˣֻҪֱʣðűҲҪʦþ񣬸ְ𣡡
ԡˣʹװǿϵˣл³çȴǽð취ܼӰ죬ܾˡ
ˣҾǷǵй˹׵ʦдնɱԹۣҪ䷢ʦùƽڣڣ
Խ˵Խŭ壬쳹۶

ЩڶУϵ
ˮ𡭡ôͻȻ䣬Ǿôΰˡ
λʦ˵Щ
ǣôȫûӡأ


1240 ߳ŭ
ֳֶҩһҹʹΣû˿ȻΪ˾ˣҲӦáʵ̫ˡ
Ǿˣɱ˵Ļ˭ֿܵ
ϢȻΣķŵ۹̻̲գ޲ɱ֮졣
ˣд̣û̫ɣҦҲĬò˴š
ľﵽ25.1¶ѧʣǹǺ뷨׵һ֪ûкʵɣ˵ٺãҲ϶̵³
ԡȸϵһʽݣȻָа˸ĪС
ǾͲ³ç֣սʦʦĿмƻľж
ŵ۹֪ЩȻ˵Ҳٲᵣʲô
Щ뷨벻һ£漴ףٴολ
ô̵ʱ䣬ͷʦҦʦ֪ʦúԴߵ뷨ҳʵɣһн⡭һ֣ǲ֪ˣģ
Ӧ֮죬˼֮Ѹݣƿֲ
ôáλĶ
ٴοһۣ̲סԶǿֹ
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Ҧʦ¾λҪն׵ǿ
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˵꣬ǿǰͦһΪ壬ʱӢ¾壬ȴģ
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Ϊ˾ǡЦǻΪѳӣ
оȻͶ壬Ҫȫ룬޿ˡ
ۼ֪ǿЩʦսʦǶôΰǶˡ

ͣۿλǿļԸɱҲԸ˿ֻŵΰ١һǸж
ʦõʦһ
ȻʦЩ˱ȣǲ̫ˡ
⡭
ٴһ顣

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£ֻҪɵ϶ֱӴӦ붼롣
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Ҧʦ
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ʦڣüëһ
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ѡĻпܱѹ
ǳϾ۷ǿߣĴ׽٣ԪǿľȣԷΪ̥Ӥ۷塭ֻҪǰ׼ѡñݣӦûʤĻܴ
ãҴӦݣ
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1241 ʦ
Ŀһҧ
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ʦڣһߣ޶ʱڣڿΣ̽׺ͶȣԽߣɼԽá
ʦԭֻһֽʵĵ߶ѣ
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ڶľļԶʦڿΣ£дһ֣ʦһľ̶ȡ
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ðɣ
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ʦʦڵһ֣ԶתֻҪʶӴܲܿƵֻǡⶫһԵģ۹棬Ҳֻܸһ˿һ顣
˵ⶫǴʦڣЯ͡
ˣʮ󣬻мУ򲻵
˵һ֣ͷϵ亹ԽԽ࣬ų˵ڶĸ
ԽԽ࣬ɫԽԽ԰ףƺľģѾ͸֧
׼ʦľ23ϣô̶ȣһĸɾĻᵼħѿơ
ﵽ15£ͻΣˡ
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лҦʦ֤
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ͷ
ղŶԷʩչʦȫʦڵĿ˷Ȼء
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ëʱڿлζĴֱԭأһ㡣
ⶼСʱˣôûһ㶯
ǰòʦ˵ģûһֵõϿɰɣ
Ļˡ
Сʱеëһ㶯ûУȫ
ղʦôʱ䣬дߡ˸ˡ
ôʦһ㶯ûУ
Ѳɡʧˣ


1242 װʲô
ʦδӴʦʵϰԲ˽⣬ľ̶ǿҲԻʤˣ
ʦץס㣬ŹսʦĲܼ¼Ҫֹˣ
׼ʦûһʡ͵ĵƣѾʦȱݣŹˡ

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ʦʦڵһ֣ȴѶȸ󣬺ܶľܸߣڿκʦһνӴҲëдʦܾ״
ʦ
ǵǵĿ
λү֮ԱսΪ˾ǣҪˣõܵ˺Ѱˡ
İɣսүû
˰֣ǿһν
Դʶүʼӽһʱ䣬֪ٴˣС棬ô䣿
ţͼ̨ϵүЩƣ˸˼
ˡ
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ҦʦģҲɱϣģҪһȻ󣬴ҵǸ¯ҲҪԻ𣬲һҪǸ

һҦһ顣
һﱻ¯Ӳ̫߳࣬ȻûȴҲܿҪһҲҪ˶Է

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ʣޱȣǵĺһﵹãֱӿ
ڳ׵˵дˣһͲˡ
סͷ֪ô죬̨һȻ˵ļƺʲô˼¡
ôˣ
üҦ̧ͷ˹ȥһ֮£鲻ԽĴԭء
ֻղһʣͻȻͣζëʣӽɫ÷ףƺĹâ
ţеٻۣԲϰٹգ۹ͱȡֱ䡣
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ͻƣҪ߼ʦʦ֮ôλʦһΣͻˣ
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𾪣֪룬ͼһֱûëʣͻȻζ壬д
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쿴д̫죬ʼðˡ
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ɫѿæУȻԶʣдٶ̫죬ð˳İ̡
ʦʱ򣬶Է˱һһһֵģ첻µãֱӾй顭
Ҫôɣ
ạ̇̄
˳ԾͬҦ˿ĭŲ
̣
üȻ׼ʦȴҲû
ʣȻϧ𣬲׶ʣһʦڣͬһдҲ̣дܽʦоһһʮļ¼
Ҧȭס
һһʮ⡭ôܣţʦڣȷҲȻдԵĻЩû̫壬ǲ¼ġ
ĿãٺõʦҲÿֶ壬봩һЩõĻ桭ʦҲؼÿһֶϸá
ˣʦ¼֣ѡԵģʲôҪ¼
кܶ໰û壬һֿѵˣ
ҦЦ
һֿܣ
һ£ͻȻʲô彩ֱͬһľҦʦѵ˵ǡʦеġ᣿
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ţٴοȥ
ȻеëʣԽдԽ죬һӰʱ̨ϷһּڿУͣŸոջ۶ʱڷɶȥ
̫˰ɡ⣬ͣ
˿ĭܵһ˺ʱҪ޳


1243 ΰʦ
ͬʦôôأ
ʦëöèһ㣬ԷԱԽдԽˣͣͣ
ѵǾʦܴﵽ᣿
˵Сʦÿһ仰ÿһ֣⣬һ󣬱˵һÿΣ仰ǳ
ǰλ츳Ҳֻʦѣôܴﵽ־磿
ؼǡһΡʾȻͻˣ
׽Щʲô
ţҲ̲סæе忴˹ȥ
һ֮£鲻ԽĲ
ʶɨȥ޷İΪ׼ʦܿЩĺ塣
ֱָʣһ鲻ԽУ԰Ρ
ܿȻΪѧġ
ҧҧͷæ۾
һնԷ͵ڽ˶ԷĶݣӵ˰ʦ֮ꡭ
սġʦģ
ɡ׹ʵ̫ˣϸѧϰĻпֱͻƵ򾳡
ҧС
֪ˣѧܲˣɲǲġ
̫ˣ̫󣬺֮ǰǸëһѳֲס
СһǧǧǧˣӦóŸˣüдˣ
ʵ𾪣Ҳ˰ŷӦӦܹʤſҦ죺ҦʦӦáǻʤ˰ɣ
Ҧüëһ
Ѫǻԣд˾Ÿ֣һգ۹򣬶ǧ࡭Ŷдǧⶼǧˡ
ٲʤɶŽлʤ
Ȼʤ
æ˵ͷ
ţ
˿̧ͷһͼëɼдȻǧˡ
˵ˣѵû
üëһ壬ǲá
ɶ
ͣ£Թͣ¾ˣһֱдһֱдԵˣ
ʦʣĿƣ˵֣ͻд֣û취ԼҲͣ
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̫ˣǾʦҲ˶ġ
ðɣ
ͷֵһᣬеëʣ̱ͣ˵Ĺ͹һͷɢ޿
ͣˡ
ҡҡͷ
䣬ͼëٴŷдһλ˵䡣
㡭ûûǰɣ
һ
ëʼûûǰɡ

ץ񣺡Ҧʦ㿴
ëʣҦʦ㿴
⡭ʦղ˵̫ˣûʩչʦڣҲγ˹ԣԶ¼
ǳ˳飬Ҧʦ
ҲǵһμֻƲ⣬ȷ
㻹ǽջذɡȻԴǶᱻд
ּһ
ڲ࣬㳡дһ룬ȥԴϿնڵ
ã
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ǡ
æǰһۣҦɫʱˣιȥˣ
ȻʲʥҲܹʶʦڣ˵һǣȻдô֣ĸɾеҲܲס
Σ
ֲ
ĻУ̨һȻʦһ˹ı顣
ʦд˼֣Ҫܲסԡλʦȴ۵Ļԡ
Լһ¶ûС
ҪҪô
ۣ
ϵҲѹƲסһѪһ޿ı顣
Ѫľ̶ȣòײŴﵽԼʷ߼¼Է˵˵ͳһǧ౶
Ҫǡ˼ҽ۵˹ȥ

ǾʦҲûôŰɡ
ʦЩô죿
ԵëսָҦ쿴
ն֣δͿԷˡ
⡭̧ͷ˿ҲЩͷۡ
ô֣ⶼڵˣһֱţȷаհ
д̣дͣ׹ȻϴףԸƷʥ۹򣬲֪ʦΣ
ǰһҦ챧ȭ
˲Щּ֮ʮԼֵǣǧ
򣿡һ㶡
ⶫ
ǣ
Ҧ˵ͷֻҪЩּⷽ鼮Ϳѧϰ
Щ֣ʵʦڣ˭õʶѧϰ漫
ΪʦܹѧϰĻҲ档
ԣ˵Ʒʥٶ࣬ġ
ƷʥЩ
һǧ˰ɣ
˵Ľ̸ڶУ̨ʦȫĿɿڴ
Ʒʥ֮Դ۹ָûм
ƷʯĻֵ
ôҦʦȻóЩֱּ֮š
Ʒʥ
һ£ҡҡͷ
սһʵǻۣԱ󲢲Ǻܴ󣬸ο˽ԴٶƷʥҲ˷ѡ
ʦü۸񲻹ãǻ飡ҡͷҦŵҲ飡
Ʒʥ£
˰֣һܣ𣺡񼫣๼Դǵͨ޹ģǲ֣֮ʦãһȴǱ룬˵ףЩʦĹʧԣΪ˲Ҿƪʦ޳͡˶֪ʦйظģдط
⡭
ôּ͸ǣ
ֵƷʥĶ˵;ͣ
ľԴǵаգȫȭͷһۿˡ
ӽǮƷʥмһˣ˵;͡ʦ
ʦһ︱ͳе£Ѿʦõˣڿʦþʦãʦʦ
ǰûǣͲڰȵ

֮ǰԴǵˣ֪һʵۣ壬Ȼϲ˵л΢ʵġ
Ͼô⣬ʦöûвѾ˱㡣
壬ٴλָġ
ʦ壬ˡ
⻰˼ı飬۵Ҧ챧ȭٴο
ɵӰ죬ʦõٴȷڿѾˣֻҪʦڣԴǵˣٻΪе£
λʦ̶һʱڣȻȷϵȨ
򣬲Ѵ֮һѻΡǴóɹľţȶ˲һǰ㡣
ˣʦսʩչʦʦʤ
ҡҡͷȥЩ飬Ҧ𣬴۶
ã
ã
ʦʤֱ̫ˣ
һ󻶺
ǡ
û뵽ô̵ʱ䣬λõͳݣɫһס
ʦȻʤ֪δ
Ҧٴο˹


1244 ʦϿ
ҦʦѯʣҲˢˢ
ղĻҲڶУҪϵʦҪǸ
ڽת֪ʦá
նԷΪΣ֡
ҲȭͷһҪλδԼ
ʦսʧܣʤκҪ󡭡û취ܾġ
ʦҪնɱǿϵȹֻܵɱΣǱˣûи˹ںìܡҪ˵ҵıֹأ֮࣬ˣ
˰֡
ǰλѾűˣõӦõĳͷټ׷Ȼû壬ԵСǼˡ
ʦȻȻֺ룡
ǰͬʦʦôôأ
ֹĴ󣬸һġ
Ժʦҵż˭Ҿͺ˭ƴ
Ҳҵż񡭡
⻰̨ˣȫ
ҦҲ̲סͷ
ѹλʦʹﵽ˵زػͲһܹġ
ȻʦȣΪʹϸ¹ʵĸɣԸɴٲˣ£һʵϱܲܲþ
Ҧ
ʦֻʦսʤʵϣǷ˺ܴ󣬱ܵͷ
Ȼʦþûйؿˡ
лʦлҦʦ
о˿ٴο
֮ǰԷָʾϵĺ޲ýɱ֮졭ڣԷÿһĿģʦݺְΣ޲
ʦɡ
ÿ
Բ˿΢΢һЦ̧ͷһָۣеּ˹ȥ
¡
һըŨɢԴ۶ڡ
һգ۹Դǵһ̲סС
žžžž
尤ըԽԽ졣
֮ΪأΪ
ЩҦȫһ
֮ǰǿ壬֪򵥣ףж
뻰нݱȣĹֱţһһͿֵһᡣ
ʦǽдʦٴתʦڡ
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ֻ㳡ۿɼߣʱȫϥ˵ϣһеķʼת
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ʱ䲻̨ͬűһ㣬˿ʼͻơ
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̫˰ɣ
Ƿ񡭡Щ󡢼ݡҲͻˣ
𾪣ʶӿ֪̿ë¿Ұ졢СҲһͬһ㣬Ϣ
ǳ鴤뽫ʶջأٴһˤ
ţǸܸղŲôͻȻֱˡ
ֻ̨ǰһЩܣ֪ʱñͦһ㣬ӢˬŰ˵ơ
ܶ˵ֱ
˿ĭٴοǰʦҦÿҪˡ
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׹Ҧ˫۷Ź⡣
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ѹֿԽЩּޱ͸ˣΪʦÿǡ
ôţΪѧĻ
һһ뷨ð˳
ԷʺܸߣϾԴ۹̫ˣŵ۹Уۡ
ҪܹΪѧǰ۹ˣõԴ·ܼٲ鷳ٽ
ԺŹʡʦҲ϶롣
һʡ
е壬һɢΧͻƣҦ콫Ҫѯʵĳ嶯ѹȴʦڽ

ԴǳǱߵһ̡
һṹܵķڣڲͣĶеƷ
ܣ⻹ʮ˿һҪŪ꣡
һǰЦ
ǰλʦҲ칤ʦֻһͨһЩư裬ά
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ЦЦеͬħһ㣬£еƷ̸ıģ
ʮĽˣɻҵȻˡ
ЦЦ
λѾദʮˣѴ֮ǰϵѡ
Է֮ģޱȣģֺÿóȥĻܿͱһգ⼫ãһЩ壬Źˣÿζ
ţţæˣǻһȲ衭
ЦЦе£һζ̲ס̧ͷȥͼǽϹŵĹư裬һ޷ԶȸԾŶȥ
⡭
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һһѪҳģһˣԺȥң
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ܡ
ʮˣǳԷļһ׷ȥͿǰһڣǰԴϣ˻ȥ
ûӦ͸еһζ׷ȥ
Ҳˣ
Щץˡ
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㲻з𣿿ȥô¡ҵķӺƵⶼôˡ
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ã
պ˵ͷæкһһͷ̷˹̤ޱԶȥ
ʱ䲻ٴǰɫףǼһı顣
ôˣǲǿˣҪҵı
æʵ
˵ЩǿԶҲܽ˶ߡ
ԼЩӡǲֶΣŲԼĿƣһӴܣ
ǿˡ
˿ĭЩɬʦϿΣ


1245 Ƹ
ʦϿΣ
ԭأϸȻԶһԼԼ޵
Ϊ̫ԶЩֻһ㣬͸еնԷת
ǡʦʦڣ
ɣ׹˫۷Ź⣬Ѷеļ
ֻǸʦĴ˵֪ܶģʦڣĹư裬ԣĻ۸񽫻ﵽһŵĵز
ǰһգһöңڣһöƷʯδػ
ȻǰҪȽЩߵĹץ˵

֪˶ãڽư׷ϣٴνģʱеһѪĸо
ͺһû
ⶫõȵˣʮ˿һóԺҵкܴĸı䡭
ȭͷղĵطֱڵأۿˡ
лʦ

ͬһĻͬԴǵĴС
ʦڣΪҲкܴãһЩʦҩڿΣܿܳɹһЩʥΪѪǿ޷Уκ󣬶ʱ̥

žણ
һɢ㳡ϵȫлָ۾ͷųȵĹâ
˵ʦֻṩһʦȻܹʦЧͬڶʱڶõĺô
ֱ˼顣
ʦ
ݵڵأһ
书ӵаʦ֮ꡣ
ӽ쿪ʼԴǵʦߣ¶Ҫмû뷨
һԷˣһﶨݡʦ
˳ݵҦ찵Ըп
ǰʦҲ㡣
ǰλ츳ԺһЩʥŷӵܣˡ
ңôͬʱʦû˿˷̬ܺעṻԽԽԶ
һҪΪѧ
ȭͷ
Է츳ǿϾûﵽʵݣлΪѧġ
ֻҪɹԺȻ½
ʦ֪㡭벻ȥ۹˽ޣҿʵ
뵽⣬Ҳ̲ס˹ȥ
۹ˣ
õԴҪӦҵѧҿԴȥõ·͹Ҫʲôʲô֤ʮڣΪİʦ
Ҧͷ
ʮꣿҡҡͷûȤ
ôųΪǣͷݹƶɸˡ
Ա˵ʮǰΪʦջ󼫴󣬶˵ţҪĶ࣬ʵ᲻Ȥ
һκûᣬ۹̸ڣϵû˴Ļ鷳
ܾҦ͵
ϵ
۹ˣǸ֯а˴ŵ۹һЩʥŷЩһγ塣ˣ֮棬ʦãֳ˺üϵǰ㶮ͶһȻٲά衣
ҦŵҪΪͽռˣ·ˣõУõϿɡȻţҲûáʥŷô󡭡ȱٵľţ
ͷ
鼮֪۹˵Ľṹ
ͶԷ˵һ˴ŵ۹ֻеһֶѡ
£һЩʥŷԼʵ㲻Ϻǿɡ
ͺ͵һ滹ڡ֮š
˵ĵطнͬռݵĵͬȻҲΪܶ಻ͬûӦķΧУ˵ܡ
ôҪҪһ¡
׹Ҧʵ
һʦ÷ֳɺܶϵܲչ֡
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ﾺ档
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ͷˡ
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˵⣬̾ϢһʦһλƷʦѾʮ꣬Ϊˣϧһֱûгɹ
ʦǳϵĻ϶ͽõĵطУڱɵط̯ӡ
ʦûʸǰλʦˣЩ츳Ҳûã
ʦԽߣ츳Խ࡭
ô׾ͬ˳ΪϣʦãҲôֻ꣬ʮλ
ȷѣ
ԷʦûɹͷЩΡ
ƷʦΪﵽʥأȻˡ
ǰ
ҦͷʦãҪʦõľףǲܵģԣֻǰվӣһʦܲǳϣȴʦеһΪҵѧڼӪʡȥ鷳
ϸͣǰλʦΪѧһ󼲷ϯһ޴ʥ޻
ţӰ
ʦ
΢΢һЦ
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¡
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֪ܲʦսʦһɫأ˹ȥ
Դ۹ʦʦƻıնɱʺʮߣѫޡΪʦƸϡ
һ


1246 
¡
һ֣̽ģһơ
ǵ۹˵ı־ͼ桰Ƹ֣ӲӣɢŨϡ
Ƹϣͳɳˡ

Ҧ˵Ϊѣûϣˡգ۹򣬾ʹݣ
̫˰ɣ
תͷһҦʦȥͼɫ͸죬Ҫˡ
Ҳѹ⸱顣
ʦ˲֪ʱ䣬ûɹԷֻʦ۹ȥûȥͱƸΪϡ
ҪҪô죿
л
֪Ȼʦ˽ȫ鵽ԼˣЧҲƴǡ
ƸΪ֮⣬ʦΪԴʦ
Ҧʦ¾ͽǴˣһЩ飬Ͳයˣ
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Ϊŵѧ֣·塢Ԭε˶Ҫ磬ڣ֣սӣ·ȥ׻أԬλصԬңȫǰ;
Ůѧһȥ˱ԭһ˶һʦᡭ
ֻһ޳ɣɸʦ
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ʦԴҲˣױץȥʣв
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ˣң϶ҲֻܵԼͨϵˡ
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֣Ϊսӣĳ̫ˡ
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1247 ʹߵ
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1249 Կ
ԷҪԼѹѹȸŨʱһٳ֡ԸžãԸԼ̫ˣ
Ȳ˵ľȻﵽƷң㲻ԷҲѹȵġ
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1250 ڵľУϣ
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üīЩãǵ˵ͷ
ʮӵʱ䣬о飬Ҳܴ
ʵҪô˶Ǹˡ
лˡһ£
һЦ
֪ԷΪҲ飬žǰ˵ͻȻͫһͿһ޴¯Կն£ֱǰī˹ȥ
ɫһףž
Է˭
ʥӵĽʹߣΪʥءǿߣѹΪԪڣҲ͵Ϯģ
뺰ͼǰһΣɢ޴͵ǰȥͬһ̶ֱƺҪʦ˺ѣ
ˡ
žˡ
ͨͲͨҲΪɱ˼ʹ߰ɡҪɹȻʦͨĴڣ
һĻžŵ˵ҦҲȫιȥ
ʦ̫֡³çˣ
һ˵žûҲᡭ
鷢̫ͻȻǣҲֹ
ߣ
üëһīָһµ
ΪͬѹԪڣһ־ʾ۹⡢ʶжս⡣
ָ׼ķλäܵסܵסͷϵ¯һá
޷֮£һ㣬֮ǿս֮ḻ硣

ָ⻹ûǰͼӰһΣ˿¯棬һֽġ
ĶȻ͵Ϯǡȣ
˼ʦ¯ҽ߻ˣçײԣͻȻѣҲûϵտʱŻˣųˡû˵ɣ
սָεĿ
ˣīᡣ
ʱἤ˵ģ
ⲻǾȣɱ˺òã
ҪҷӦ죬Ѿնˣ
¯Դ׺һ䡰ûϵ
ǰǺԶһȵ۹ʦѧԺԺ¯ѧԺԺ֮ʱ̱ԺܵʦʵвΪҲų֣ʦ˴
ǸȻæȭ
ˣϿ촫ھ飬Ҹʮʱ䣡ɫ࣬Ȼܣīǰ˰֡
ԷһڣƲһɶȫƵϣԼܲڣһ¯ɣ
ʥӵĽʹߣΪһ˿һ١ȥ˵ġ
ο¯һѧԺԺ֮ʦѧԺȻѫǸ߼ʦҲĨɱ
˵ͷٴλصžǰɫһȥ
λʦѹΪƾڵʵҲʤҪּУӦòѣڴСѧϰһһ֣ܶԷõΣֱӷʩչ𣿡
ǣžͷ
ԷΪʦôΪȻû˿ɡ
ϸ˵һ飬ĬĬݼͺãҪʩչ˷

Էʵ۹⣬ǵԱģ洫û취ŵ˴ͷ
УֻԶԷȱݣʱģԷһֲѣһ俴˷ôˡ
Ҳ֪㣬žŽ⣬ܿезʽԼķλ֪һ
תͬʱвͣݡ
ʮּ򵥣û似ô£ܼ򵥣ӹ󣬾Ѿ죬ʩչʮһ㡣
ʦϢŭʦǸ¯ȷ³ç磬սǱ۹ʦ̫࡭
īɫ̫ÿʦǰæ͡
Ȼ֪ʦΪҪ͵ϮʦؼʱͣƾǹϵôҪæڡ
̫ࣿ
緢£ī֪飬ü
ǡ
緢£ʦϸһ顣
Ȼû٣ôʱ䣬Ҳʦ˵ˣ˿˵ΩΩФͬ
¯ȷ³çģ
꣬īҡҡͷ
һһλ׼ʦֱӷϵѾһĴˡ
ȻӸλʦ׼ʦӦؼ󡭡ƨûУԷˡ
ǽˣʦԱˡ
һ£һ
תͷȥͼž֪ʱѾм䣬ڵѻ˶㣬ƺˡ
ܺãҿ״ʲô飡
һʱ䣬塢ӣīԴֵĿ
Էʱ䣬Ϊôʱ䣬Ҫʲô飬ô
ʦһᣬе
žȭǸ⡣
ʲôʵʹþǣܿסСῼǶһ
īͷ
лҶˡ

ûž̶ˣǰҽ͵һ̧ǰߵ֮䣬ֱ˹ȥ
㡭
û뵽һһ֣ͳԼ·ʦɫʱˡ
Ǹ¯ʦϡУѲĽ飬


1251 ڵľУ£
īǲãȻŭ˿ȴҲû취ֻһΣһܡ
ܶԷΣܲܳܵסðӲӣ·ϣǶˡ

һ࣬ͼԷָҸµ˹ղŽµȻУĿ
£ƶϳҶתʱҸ»ֿš
ͫһīǲš
ԷָĵطƫУ֮У׹ƵţһУȫԣӶʧȥս
˫սɲɺϲŵλãȻǰԤС
һнԼԷĽ࣬ȱݡսδֲ̫˰ɣ
ǸƻļһһʼͶʩչս
ʥϵʦ˼άܣԷ֮ǰ飬˲ͨˡ
ܹ˵ʦϣһǱʶ뷨žһͽӦλãԼȻȻ;ģ϶֣Ӷû룬ֻǸС
ûʼ˶Էս

ͨԪ񾳣뱻ʮҪضѣҲһ
üëһīٴһתշƣ˹
ָָ⣬ҪԼ似ƽԷĹΪ
ͣͬ𣬵ָҪžĶ࣬ûǰͷ֮ŷ֮Ҫ˺ѡ
һָžƺһ֪ӲӣæջָΪ̫ţһᣬûзȻԴָӭ
īü
ָһڶԷͷϣԴȻը飬˵ɣ
СֱڸٽɱˡλʹߣҲõˡ
ߣ
ӿ࣬鲻ԽƺһɫЩ졣
ѹΪɣʲôֻԪڣþȫֻһ£ˡ

ջָ뽫ԷնɱȴǰžѾԤϵķӦ֪ʱѾǰؿײ˹
һͣһУ㲻ˣ϶Ҳùƣīһ¡
ѹΪԷսٺˣԺ
£׹أ޿ɶܵʱ㣬žûǰͻᱻһƻУˡ
Բˡ
²ԷܣӦʲôû׬ȡƣһ𣬽Ҹһ飬֪ʱžָѾϡ

ȫ˲䳱ˮȥգ۹
㡭

һе֣žûмæһǸȻʦ飬ѹ
ߣ
ת»ָīƣȴ˵
ղŶԷסţûĻ϶һ١ҪҲˡ
ʦɱңڶоˣʵ֮
ãžǸ
ڶеʱ򣬶Էָǰ϶ûԴͱˣǿջˣܳû͵Ϯɹ
˵ǽ˶Է֮ģȻսҲŲڶС
Ӯ˾Ӯˣûɣ
ޱ飬ī˰֣ҿԸԴ۹ֻǳԣԵʱϣܽסȻûã
ܶԷ˼ıսУԼƷˡ
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ȻˣһҲûʲôܲõͿǱ۹ıˡ
Щ̵ľ飿
پ£תͷԶ
λžǷӦٶȣ϶㣬ΨһĿԾǰλ꣬ղŵĥǹ
УʦЦˡ
֪ԷҲûʲôģȭ
㣿
īЦ룬ҸղŵáҶȱҸ£Ҳɱˣ󣬺˰벽Ȼžšķֺ
ս޽ҡ
ղžУһУսڶƴȡɡ㣬ȻϸԼսָƣơ
룬ʲôЦ
ðɣͷ
ղŹýԴ͵ϮλʦĿľʩչ似Ժγ鼮
鼮ԷľСȱһЩƶսȻҲͼˡ
ͼݵ£ϸ˵ֻôˡ

֪ǰλʦԸ˵īü׷ʣƤһ̧˹ָ㣬ž֮ڣһܡѹΪɸҺսһ
սѹΪԪڣһ㶡
īͷ
ǰλ˺ܴȤ
ڣʥӵˡָһˣԼ˿
֮ʩչȫжǿ
ˣղסˣҡͷ
İɣһҾû˵㣬̽⿪ӡ֤㰲Ȼ
ԷЩɵī
ʵ൱˶սΪ޷׼ȷˣʥϵǿߣҪΣգҲɽ⿪ӡס
˵һˡ㿸סԷᣬԴΡ
㡭
ī
ʥӵʹߣҪԣе¡ֵ̿ҲˣȻ°Ҵˡֱǿ벻̡
õˣʵҪҲѣ
ҧɫͳ̲סߵ
⡭ɡ
㾡ܷĳ־ǣʵ츳Ҳǿʥӵʲô
˫һīŸеϢ
ʥӵʦ½ѧʥŷ͹ѧϰ̣һСһ˵ܵľͻܵģ
ղ֮УΪһʱˣ׼㣬ʤôף
ȻˡҾԣ
Էţ۾ˡ
ոͻƣҲȻԷ˵ĵȻҪһˡ
ʼɣ
һīȫ
Է츳ǲҲЩ̫ˣպý˴棬֪ˣ졣
ãҿʼˡ
ͷ˶Էһ䡣
ţ
һЦī͵һܣ֣漴һӡֱ
ر
ۣ
̱ѹ˻ûüͱؿڣ˲䵹ɣһѪ
䣡
ת뻯ͫٴٴοٴԷľȻһƣǧƣ
¡
ײڴǽϣҳһ޴Ŀ

Ҳ̲סæӡ⿪ò׵סͣ˿ǰ
ǵļįѩ
Ϊĺ˲֮һͷˡɶţ


1252 żˣ
ۣ
ؿڱīٴѪ
Ϊʹߣʥӵʲôô꣬ûĸţͬܽôҵġ
ؼˣӡ
ǿҵƣҪըˡ
ס
˺üؿڵѹȥһΣǽں˳ǰ꣺ȻͬҶǶ֡žѵǶʥżҵģ
ôңܱϵĻֻˣˬһЩ
˵Ŷ˵һ£īʵ
żҵţͬǶ֣Ҳ˵Ĺȥˡ
ֳʥŷʥӵ壬һССʦԱġ
ʥżҵģҲǡ
ҡҡͷͻȻס壬޸ĸڲ֪ûʲôֵģȴŰ϶ʦµ̥
֮ǰδ£ʲô˿̷Ӧʱ쵽˲Ծ
ʥԬҵ˵ǹŵأܰ󱲣ָѪܶʥŷĺ󱲣УһѪﵽһ磬ͻӻȥ
᲻ᡭͶԷ˵һҲԬһпʥżңĺ󱲣
˵ͨΪһСһΪλôĶҩˡ
ڶԶ⣬ﵽǼ̥޷춾壬û취
ֶļ𣬰ڵ۹⿴ھż֮У¶ģ
Ҳ˵¶ˣٶǾǶʦһΪǿĴڣ
ǿߣܣܵСطԸһĬĬСѲɣλžһʥżң
ѹ֣Ҽž᲻ΪѪϵ
°ͣ˼
һᣬѪϸоһ¡֪ʦڸǰоʱ򣬽˼ѹ
һΪҲʥżҵˡ
īҡҡͷ
ȻԷǣȥֻΣתƻ⣺ãǶˣڶͨǾңһȥǱ۹ɣ۹ѡεˣѾۣȴԡ
ȥǱ۹
ţھߣÿһʱʱ䣬ʰһ£һʱֱӳ
ī
֮ǰ˵ʱ䣬Ϊʥӵѧʱ䣬쵽ˡԴ۹ΪԶһŵ۹ץʱ䣬Ȼϲѧǰȥѧӣͺӵѧ
һʱ
û뵽ô죬һ£̲סɫأˣʦѯһ£˵ʮҪܹõ׼ȷش𡭡
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һ¡ʥҵλСǲҲʥӵ
ȭͷŶԷ˫ۡ
أʥӵȥҲû塣
ȥ۹ˣΪ˵
С
īüʲô
ҺҪϣܹʦĻش𣡡
ȭ
Ҳգ
Ŀϣ֪īҡҡͷ֮ǰȷʵʥӵѧϰѾڵ츳ǿǰʱ䲻֪ιʵ뿪ˣ֪ȥҹʱ˵ҵ˽ҵͻȥûأͲˣ
ڣ
˿
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عȻܻûأֻҪʥӵѧӣ϶ܴȷеϢ
ʱͿԼԷ֮һ£Ӧ·ݣżһԼˡ
ʶλСī֣֪λƢЩĮ
ʶͷ
˵ԷԼŮѵĻƻὫǵ͵һЩ
Һż㲻żҵˣòҪλСȻ»鷳
Ŀ¶飬īͣһ£Ȱ
λСΪߣò˼㣬ʥӵʵʵĵһˣſĽߣǡΪżҷˣݺݽѵˡ
˵ĺ˸ס
صòۣ֮ͨݣɶߡززˣĺԶĽǺġ
żʮְԵ˼ģȫѵˡ
лѣ
֪ʥӵд󰲣ڶԷѣ˿⡣
һῴžѪй˵ԼżҵˡȫԺͶԷһƬ˳λľţúýѵһ٣
ǡǾ͸ˣҪ׵ģʥӵ˭أǾȴ˵
Ȼǰǡʵ㹻
һʱһ
˵˵ˣī˰֡
žתǡ
صսʦãǿϣȻ˸ǡ
Դ֮ǰӱֻʣǿ״һ뿪˵ʧ䡣
үزز˴ѶϢ˵츳ѾƼʦܲǰ뿪Դˡ
ͻȻһ£ǿ
Ŷ
ͷ
زز˳֮ãضֺˣӵĹǣʺְҵܲߣҲ֮С
Уղүȥʦã蹫ӹһˣ˵ҪлԴ۹Ĵյǻʦúսʦ֧֣Ӧòκ⣡
ǿ
үһ仰ȷ˳ݣλɹ׽ٵĳϾǿ֧֣Ӧû˸ҷ
ˣǴսʦúúȡΪͲүһˡ
ˣʵ̫ͣȥ߼ĹȣֻΪ׸鷳ú
֪ٶ˵һץ߰ɣ
ٴλصʦãͼīžѾ׼ˡ
ʦ˳Ǹʥ۷弶ʥޣϵķݣʮֿҲ⡣
˸ǣޱ޴ĳֱǱ۹ķ˹ȥ
Ǳ۹ǰ˴ŵ۹УǿһеʦȻﵽ˰벽򾳣׼ʦʦǿ˲֪٣
ޱķžܵ
ѡԴ۹ʦãһü꣬Ȼ˳ֵ׼͵顣
벽򾳣
Ӧһ
ʦֻǳϾ۷壬Ͱ벽򾳻˺ܴһء
Ǳ۹϶Ҫиԣ⼸죬Ҹָ㣬úȡΪܹٴһأȻºͨ

Դ۹Ǳ۹򾳵ķʥޣҲҪʱ䣬ôøպÿԸһָһ£価
Ȼ˷ˣòȡ
ţлʦžæͷ
Է۹Զָ㣬ȻܶʱΪ
ÿ˰֣һ£˹ˣľѪһΣоһ£ûа취Ѫ
Ѫã
ûκγɣžָһ㣬һѪҺͱֱ˹ġ


1253 Ǳ۹
ȥϸоһ£Ȱ֮ǰ㽲ķ
ӹѪ۾һתԼķ䡣
һץóһڽ磬ֱӽǧϷ䳲
оҪ԰Ϊȫ
ҵطãžľѪǰָһ㣬ָҲɳһΣԷ
ûκκӦҲʥżҵġ
ϸ۲죬һᣬεҡҡͷ
̽飬žѪҺڵѪҺû˿ӦҲ˵ʥżңûаëǮϵ
ˣ
żҵˣȴ̥⵽λʦ湻еġ
ôĶʦܵСطһ֪Сһ¶в
ǲżҵˣ˵ûӰ졣
ǵġԺλţһ١ǣͱֲˡ
Ѫȷ
֪ԼżҵˣоһᣬѪʵ̫ѣɣȻ
ҲԣҪôýô꣬˶ɺˡ
뿪ǧϷ䳲ǰ뵽Լʵ˲٣һŵҷսû⣬ٴαѪˡ
˱ȣͬ𿰳޵Уͷȣͬ𡭡ǲ˺ܴһء

صޱžָ㡣
żҵţѪȲ츳ȴû˵ѧϰĳԱǿ̫ˡ
̶Ĺ̥һ㣬ԪڣǵĻδǶ֡
ָ㡭ֱָҪܶϸڣңδط֡
ָ㿴ī𾪡
žһЩȱ©ûԷȴָ㣬˿ƿֲ
ѹܴóɹľλԺʥӵӱʡ
Ǳ۹ˡ
е죬һ޴ĳгǰ
ʱ㣬۹ѡεˣӦöˣֱȥʦðɣ
վڴǰī
·ϣҲ֪ˣλʦ˴ŵ۹ΧڵԱѡΣ۹ǰȥˣԴ۹
֮ǰ˹ģʱѾʱ䣬ൽˣԽиԡ
֪ͨԿ˵ж٣Ҫѡγˣ

Ǳ۹ǿһķŵ۹Զ۹ǧƵ۹Դֻһˣ˴۹һʮ˴ŵ۹Χڣʮʥŷÿһԡһܹʮˣ֮ʣ¶ʮ
ī
ã
˿
ʮͨʮѾһ룬Ӧ㲻̫ѡ
Ҫñߣ͵ģܽʮģһеţǿеǿߣ֮ӱѶ֮󣬿֪
ɣī̲ס
Դ۹Ƿŵ۹һ۹ͣδܹռˡ
ʵԪ޵УҶ޷ʤʥӵҪǣʮʦЩţȻﵽ˳ϾҲ˵ԵģǵԪ񾳵ĸ֡
Ͼ
ǰǱ۹һλŴﵽ˳ϾȻû׽٣ȴҲսǿʥŷ֮УҲмλﵽ־磬ǲǿߡ
īͷ
ǰλͬȷǿ󣬿ɡԵģͬģңԷҲܽΪѹƵԪڣս
ԣҪʮ֮Уӱô򵥡
ˮڰɣ
˵ãһ˵ǵûнţ֪ΪΣ˷ܡ
ڵʵֻԪڣսȻȳϾˣ֮ǰīսʱ³̫أֻ˲֮һҪЩ뿼˵ˣʵǿǿһ档
⸱飬֪ԼĻ߷磬īҡҡͷٶ˵µʥޣ͵һΣֱǰֺĳз˹ȥ
һᣬǱ۹ʦãǰ
ǰĹ㳡£˸ڵϣͿλӭ
ʦ
һʮң룬˫üбһɫۣʮ㡣
֮תĿȥֻԷʵȻ˳Ͼﵽ˰벽򼶱
ʣµļλΪҲ֮ǰ޼ǳϾ۷ǿߡ
ǵһŵ۹⼸λԴ۹ĳûз֮
Ӧһī֮ǰռʱһޱ飺λԴ۹ѡγʦžʦ
˵תͷλǱʦ÷ֲһȫʦ
ʦ
λžͬʱǰ̬
ʦ룡
һۣһȫδᣬǴ˸кȴ·
ûǴݹϵСӣԴ۹һ£ģ
ž
׹
ѹ֣һڶûУԭԼŵ⡣
ΪʹߣӦõٶֱ֣Ҫǿϵˣм⣬ܵ޿ɺǡ
ûпܣλ϶ҲΨ׵۵㣬ѹûкɫ
߰ɣ
֪³üᡣ
Ǳ۹ֻȥʥӵŵĵط˶ãԷ̬Ⱥòãϵ
˶ŶԷˡ
ʦӦǰ峡ˣûˣֻܿǰӭӵʦ
Ͷﵽ۷壬һţ֮ࡣ
Ȼ񡭡
֮ͨ䣬п
۷ʦΪﵽԪ۷壬ʵԴ۹ָײһطġǵһŵ۹
Ǳ۹֮ǿΪʯ㣬ټʦ÷֣չ˲֪˹ģ
𾪣ž
Ե۹˵ľ棬˹Σ֪ʮ
󣿡
ü
ţ˵Ǳ۹һԪƷʯ󡭡ˣǰЧӶѭԽԽʢ
žͷ
·أռһλ
ֻҪǮǰЧˣʤֶˣĸ֣ȻҲͶˣҲŻԽԽǿ
һ۹һƶϴ˭Ը߼ʦã¶
СԪƷʯ󣿡١
ǰƺ۹ͨľԪƷʯǴģžͷ
׬ȡʯӦȥģ
æʵ
պȱʯΪȻĻ׵ʯҲͻ࣬ȫ취׬ȡͲ֮ǰʡԼˡ
Ҳ֪˵Ǳ۹еºУооԪƷʯͨ٣ҪĻԹȥ
һ£žЩϢҲǵ;˵ģβ


1254 ˮ
£
ͷ
žսУ츳Ҳֵһᡭ»Ǻܿ׵ģȻ˵ĵӦòǿѨ硣
˵Ǳ۹ûΪһ۹ôϾǿߣԪƷʯȻ٣ܹ˶һ׬ȡĻһͻƵԪ۷塣
˼ѾһĴֱ£ЦЦһӣͨԵſ
һλʦ˳ȥʱ䲻һȺ˽
ŮʦķΣؿ߿ǡ
һܣͷ
ī˵һЩʵͣĶһﵽԪڣߵĺ֮ǰһﵽαϵľ硣
ʮΪʦΪﵽֵزŹȻУԼ١
ʦ۹ظϣʵ࣬׼ᣬӷ磬͵Ϣһ죬ٽиԣ㿴Σ
Ц
Ҳã
˼һ£ī˵ͷ
Ȼʱ䣬ȴҲںϰ졣
պҲǰ˵ţǰһ£ӭӸпĿˡ
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ͬ⣬˵ͷһУһȺѧͽ˳ȥʱ䲻ζͶ˹
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еһķŵ۹ܿϾͰʳһЩ󲹵ʥһЩϧҩģ⿵ģҲǼܸߵʳʦζеԳַӣԵУһڣԪĽм
һļֵ²һǧƷʯ
žп
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ž渵
㡭ʳо˵ͷͷǵŷ֣ȷˣЩ档
ʳʦ¾ְҵ޷ΪޣֻҪʦûȥѧϰû뵽ȴ֪ôࡣ
ϲʳԡо˲٣żҲרŵʳʦṩʳģƽʱʱҲѧϰԡ˽һЩ
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ʳʦУСˣܹγҩţЧȵҩ١
ڶʮ꣬Ϊ֧ӵʵʳ֮Ĵ䣬˲Сá

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ʳҲ˽һЩֻڼ֮ۺ֪ʶְҵ鼮û㲻Ͼͨ
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쳽Ƶ쳽̶ȣӦòö˵˰ɣҽҵõһ«Ѳ꣬ʦպóһƷλûƷһģ
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͸ƣֺͬ꣬ˮڱϣɢŨ̱һڣʳָ󶯡
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쳽ǵ۹ľʥƣ˵ʥǿߣ쳽ֵƣϡ٣ޱȡΪȡһѲ֪ٴۣȴɵáȻóƷ
٣ž۾Ź⡣
ƺ
ȻԵмУһʮöԪƷʯ򲻵ףž
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Դ۹սʦãʮöּʯһơ
˭ˣɣ
ţԪƷʯϡ٣ֻҪпܹõģ쳽˵쳽ǮģҪãܼ
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ʦϲȾƣֲʳʦ֪Ĳ࣬Ҳ㿴ǵķӦ֪ˡ
ΪȻž֪ϲ˲ϲ
ǣ
̧ͷŷ֣Ƶˣһ۾죬žƱ޲ֱӳᡣ
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ʦ˵Ĳ쳽˵ƣȻҪʸ˺ȣȻţĵװ˷ѣ
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Ҫţ˭õһء

һ꿪ڣӦ͡
쳽Ȼÿһ˭ȵ϶Ҫó˶ŷıС

˵ڶУЦЦһܣλ˵ĲֻһȻǸʵ˺ȲСȻ³ʲôĲöҲñԣⱭƣ˭ȣѾ˴𰸣Уʵǿбġ
Ŷ
ʵǿ֪λ˭
ҵ뿴ûʸ񡭡

Ļˢˢ
Ƕеţǿеǿߣûԣ˵֮ǿģô
̫ԣǴһ·Σ˳ɹԴ۹ĳʦΪͽʱ䲻ȴÿһ£պ˾壡

δóɹ
Դ۹ĳ

ȫһ㶣ˢˢžߡ
λģȻԴ۹š
ʦ
һָ
һͦ赶ɱ˵ġ
üͷһ壬Ӳá
óƣ˵ע⣬Ⱥ鼤֮˵Ҫ͸Լ
ǿޣ̧Լʵȴ˵ĳޣ˵ķС
һƣ͸Լˡ
湻յġ
ʦҵ޵ܣΪЩçײǰȥԴ۹ʱ򣬿һЩ飬űɴ㣬ʮָмôʱڣͷڣɵĴãԴ۹ڶʦõٴȷҶʮⱭƣ㣡
һЦһϸոյ
Է˵ЩɫЩѿ
ȳĹϵȻ˵̹̹ëʵϣȴˮ˵ĳ޶ˡ
Ȳ˿ʵԼѿ
ǵһŵ۹ʦ湻ݵġ
ȻʦСС˻£


1255 ʦôô
ܾˣԺǰ϶̧ͷܣȻ˲
붼ͷۡ
ǣλͻȻڵѣͼһЦָһ㣬ǰľƱƣֱ˹
ԷԼܾĻᡣ
ʦҪƴǣҵһ⣡

Ʊǰ
һ˲䣬һŨҵѹȴӾƱݹƺҪѹı
ܵüëٴ
ԷƱ͹ٶȲ죬ҴƵζʵϣȴֶΣ
һûסе²ǲˣǲʶ̧٣˵ΧͲˣͻ׷׳֣Լ⡣
һﵱ˺ˣ˴ȣ˳㽫Լˡ
л񰮣
ˣԷֶΣôͻȻ϶û취Ӧֱӳ󣬵֮ͬת̺̽켣һ
û̫ĶеĿ̧͵ǰ˹ȥ
ӵٶȲ죬ȴһ޵еǹ⣬գ۹Ʊǰࣣһͽܵ˸
ɢǴƵû֧ţֱ׹䡣
һһУѱס
ţ
һĶˮͺһȫư͹ÿֽסһ㡭˿ʲôȴɫ鲻Խĳ
ղھƱΧµԪ۷壬ֿסֱӳǰλ׾ٽסİѿأȻﵽ˺ŵĵز
Ϣλ֮ǿΪǸ¯
ɶʱʵҲôˣ
īˣͬ𱻴ҵ£¹棬϶˵ȥڳҦ졢žˣû˵ıҪ
ˣΪͬ޵е£λǱ۹ʦ֪顣
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Ȼ𾪣Ͼһ֮û˿飬һЦʦ룡
˵ԼľƱһ
ЦЦƱ˵ղŵλʦ꣬͵վţ
ˢˢ˹ȥ
ʦôˣ
һȫ
ղŴҶѾ˵ˣⱭƣʵ˵õ˵λʦ֮УǿģЩ̫Ҫսһ£֪ɷ񣿡
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쳽Ƶ쳽û˻Ե޹ʸԴ۹һһˣҲ
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ߵãʦҶҪԣǿʵΣ

࣬һǵ⡣
һǵ͹ⱭƵˡ
⸱̬ȣЩΡ
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ˣʦ𣺡İɣҾͲ䣡
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˵ô죿
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ⱭƣԷģ˸ԼʧȥƣӮ˻ûжԼЩƽ
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ЦЦ
һȫĿԼ󣬵ǡһ£ǿԽȺšѹһ£
ʮöԪƷʯЩ˿òöĻǵݣӦòѡ
öԪƷʯ
û뵽עµôʦüЩɡ
Ҿˣǲ˼Ƚƺˡ
ö˵ƱҪһ¡
ţ
Ʊžһ𣬽һʦվƣûⱭƾ͹ˡ
˵꣬һЦһץһгǰ򿪣öʯ⡣
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Ԫ۷塭µĻѹƵĺһԪڣ
⸱̬ȣλʦЦ
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ͨʦѡΣ˵λУŹУôܼ򵥣ʦ³çֻǹöԷģʵϣսȻСģ

Ϥµߣۡ
ܴӷŵ۹ӱѡϣһǼ򵥽ɫȻֵĲǿ⣬Էɲġ

ΧĿռ俪ʼ죬̿һ㡣
ƣҵ۹ʦõľʥڵ似ȫʩչǿָ˿
úã
ƺҲ˺飬һȣһӭ
Уͬһʥڵ似ƣ
ۻ룬ʵ鶯ԲӲӶԷƣ֮
ȡɣΣ
һЦ͵һѹܵĿռǱֱ֣ƵҲʩչֻ·ӭ
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˫ƶɫһף˼ǳܲסԷ͵ƳŤ£鲻ԽĲ
һΪ㹦ҲȾƣ
һе֣üëһһЦ
⡭
գգ۾žһ飺ʦôôˣԸλʦˡ
ͬ顣
ÿʦʱ򣬾˵ùΣоˡ


1256 ҵıеأ
飬ī͸𿼺˵꣬Ҳ
һı̬ǿۼͬ˭ֻܱѹ¾Щ츳һȣǲĻ̫ˡ
ôȴ޷Ҫ˵ģš
ϧˡ֪ôҾˣ
ʧȥ˺ûᣬ쳽Եˡ
ǵ뷨ͬſһĻһûڡ
˵λóɹеǿߡжЩɵϾöԪƷʯСĿ
ΪǸеĸ֣û뵽ô

뷨һмһХ˹ȥ
һգۣǳ˰˸ֱۣĴǺХķ
ʥƷ似˱ͨԳ
ͣٶȼ죬ǰǱϮ޷
Ѿλʦʵ쵶ն飬ٽս
㡭
ʦȻôǿŵɫҰףʶ͵
ֵסüӲ
Ĵ򷨣Ͷ·ˡ
ҲܳΪţ
һȫЦ
Ѷ˵һгԿϳ̫࣬Ϊǿζû뵽ô
ü֣һ£ͻᱻ´ˣ

ҡͷһ⣬ҪŵΪֻ̫ţһһǰȥ
һ£Դǰֱӳ˶ԷƷ֮УȫΪ
ȴɫһ䣬ˣѾˣԷԴԣؿڣһһѪգ۹򵹷ɳȥݺˤڵϣǰһڣ˹ȥ

ƺҲû뵽ˤһӣܽײɣκģվԭתȦǲţҡӮˣ
⡭
ԣΧ˸һɴ۾
µİ˱ͨԳޱȣʵΪǰţͺзǯӺֻҪץסͳ˰裡һ֮ˤɶ˶Էİ˱۹ײȱϡǹʺˣ
ȷܺá쳽þܺȵģҪʵ

ܿ죬˷Ӧȫǲм
ʤһҲǶһ޶ˡ
ӮˣЩʯҵˣ
ڷӦһ˷ܵؽϵľԪƷʯָƱλҵʵӦĿ˰ɣȻˣⱭƣҾˡ
Ŀã
Ƥôô񣿡
ͺղżе˲һһʤȻֱ׳
̲סˣҪ
⻰̻ȻȫĿҪը
žһһӣղŵʦٴվ
ˣһû䣬öԪƷʯ˸㣬Ӯˣƹң
һΣм䣬۾ʦѹȡ
֪һôͳˣܵȵڡ
Ҫȣҡͷ¶֮ɫˣսһĺܴ󡭡
ģ
ҧʦ۾
Ҫ˵ҲĴòãԵɺϣһԴײɣûʲôôĺܴ
ˣ
֣쳽ʱһ¡
ҸϢʱ䡭ʮöԪƷʯˣ㣬Ӯˣ쳽ң
飬ʦһгģָһ˹ϣôˣƳ磬Ǹųɣ
⡭
ͷһۣҲ֪ʯ̫࣬˶ԷĻǾᣬͣƬ̣һ˺ܴľҧ
ãͺսһǰǣҲҪΪѹƵһ
û⣬ʦһҪʹñ
ͬ⣬ʦһһǴġ
ƷʥϽǴ
ñһ£˵ͷȷҪã
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˿м䣬ԷǴı

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ҲбȽأսʱ򣬿ܻƲס
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Ϊѵĵͷ
ıҿ
ʦЦһǴԵ죬޷Զƺʱײࡣ
Ѿˡ
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Сͷϡ
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һҪ㵽һ࣬ȴ¯ʵ̫ǿȻΧĿռ͡
žણ
һ죬汻ҳһʦǰһڣͱҵſڵϣֻŴӶλ¶ͣ鴤
ҵıĺأ
εҡҡͷٴλصǰʮöʯպãһץԴսָ棬ɡ֣߳鴤ѪʦȻñˣ
ۣ
ʦѪµĸˡ
⡭ף
Դ۹ģôһô¯
һгϾʵ˰ɡ
һڶ¯һ湻޳ܵģ

ΧٴλȻ
ӦսչʾΪһﵹãıһ½ҳ
̫·˰ɣ

ʦҪȱģ֮ǰԷҲȷ˵ˣԼıء
ǰ˵ˣСġֲԷͷϣ
ֻǡҪΪȴñѹ
أ
ʤ֤ҵʵλûҾ֮ʵǿλⱭƣͲˣ
ʦʯһ㣬Ʊζһ£ʱ硣
֤ʵ
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һʦվɢ̡ͬ
벽Ͼǿߣ
ſ֮УǿߣڿȥҪˡ


1257 ת
ʦλʥѦҵģѦӣѦ
һ˵ļһžĴ
ʥѦң
ţǸŷҲСеĵ̣Ǳ۹˿ž
ʥŷ²ҲƾõĴУʺԼѪһĵ۹Աġ
λѦӣֻа벽ϣսһ׽ٵĳǿߣδܹ⣡
лѣ
Ӧһ̧ͷüҲⱭ쳽
쳽
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Ҫһʵĳ͵ҲˣȡɻʤʵֻԪڡ
ΪɺȵƣЩʥŷӵܣ
㻹ʲô
Ǿ衣
ʲôܼ򵥣ͬʮöʯұԣӮˣ쳽ңˣʯ㣡
Ѧ
⡭
ͣһ£ҸսѾ˴롭ɣóʮöͺȣ
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֪ԷĥƤѦһڡ
λղɢͷӦٶȣսʤʮּ򵥣ûʲôɵĵġ
˵Ǳ۹ÿ궼ǼʮöԪƷʯѣʲô
ã
˵ͷҲҪñ
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Ѧæ
ʵܲԷ¯Ҳֻһ·ߣȻԣǾǰ¹
⡭
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⸱̬ȣѦЦȰ㾡콫쳽£ʵӵУ
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ô¶˺֮ɫ˫˫ÿ̧𣬶岻ߣٶȼ죬ΧγһȦ
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һԷһʤڶֽ˱УһֻǸļһսһУףԷʾֻΣЩʵġ
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ҶʦеٮٮߣʾһΣεҲˣΣٿҲΪſˡ
ȻʵôҲ̫ãȻҲڣֻзأһ㷴ûС
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ˣﵽαϵľ磬֮Уǿһ۾Ϳ˭ǿ˭ӡ
ѦʵǱȿܻʲôʮλμӸԵ֮УǱȽǿˡ
ʵԸһԴ۹ֻԪڵСٴ򲻹Ƕš
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˿նڶλƺЩ̫
ţѦҵĽ˿նǽٶȣγնʩչˣƷʥи룡
һλȭͷλصĻпܱ˿ƣҲˣ
ô
ڶλ˿ĭæȥֻһۣ̲סһ㶣λڸʲô
ţ
˹ȥһ֮£һλҲ鲻ԽĴԭء
ֻ˿мǺһ㣬鲻ԽĻζ˼£ͬʱ㵸ЩֵĶ赸ǺµĲ֪롣

һʩչ˿նѦӣٶ̲ܿƣøӿ١
ͻȻʧȥ˿ƣֱ˳ȥһͷײڴڵһϣɫ죬һţ˳
꣬鴤
ͨ
˹ȥ
⡭
û뵽ղŻѦӣΣڶλα㵣ЩţѵתȦ̫졢̫࣬Լġˣ


1258 ͽ
ͨתȦ࣬ҲܲסӶ¶Ż¡
λѦӣΪʩչ˿նתȦֶֿ࣬졭᲻ͨһҲóܲס
Ȼǡ
һλαԴҡҡͷûӦλʩչ˾ʦѦһʱ飬ûпס
Ȳ˵ΪﵽԪ۷壬Ѿûͨ˵ķӦСʩչУ϶ҲǾǿѵģȻƨûУԼˡƨ
ʦղͶȷܹ죬ֻǡûûпŵ֫嶯ѦУ
ڶλαЩš
Ѧʵ֮У㲻۷壬ȴҲԿǰ־Ϊиɻһˣûÿ·û֫ԡôУ
ʦĿŮ˳
ѲѦз磿
ľʦһһԴȣ˳ҪֶιѦȷѣԷôʱ䣬ù£鼱֮£űһУ
Է飬һλαΣ
ǵʵ൱ԼԾʦְҵ˽࣬Էó档
ľֱ仯Ⱥʱһٳ֡ѹ˵λ֮ǿģȷûô򵥣
ͣڶλαٴοϲ̽ʯ꣬ɫء
տʼһöԷӮºʦˣףܱīѡιôܼ򵥣
ǿߣȤ֣ȥԣУ
ڶλαϣͷ
쳽˷񣬵ʵţܹѳֵסûҪܹȥλ˹죬Ȥˡ
ʵ£㲻Уҿ϶ҲУûҪȥˡ
һλαҡҡͷһ䣺һսʱ򣬲ҪñԪ񣬷ֹľ衭
ţ
ڶλͷվ˫ֱȭʦǱ۹ʦͽ̣
Ǳ۹ģ
ʯпˣһƣ׬ô࣬漴˹
ɸӭսһЦ
ң

һΡ
Իôأ
ҡܱܲôֱ׳
ͬԸʮöԪƷʯԼ
ƣҧ
ղ̫Ѿûսˣ
ʮöٶûˡ
ȭͷû˵꣬ͼ겻֪ʱѾ˴м䣬һ˦һģ˵Ѿָˣǿʼɣ

Щ
ҪģûôҪģ
Լʯģ˵ԼûˡҪڲٲ
ƣ˵ߴ
Ӱ죬ǹ㣬ǣ
Ǹղλ֡
ţ
һݣͷ
ղűԷģȷЩˣûʼսѾʼ
һƽľһȡʮöԪƷʯһ䵽Էϣһм䣬ֱһ졣
룡
ȻӸղŵķŭУָ
룡
ͷ
䣡
û˵ϻѾѹƺΪը죬ֱ˹
Ķ֮ǰλͬû̫໨ڣеֻǿ񱩺ͣ˲òܲ

̾
ţС
ս˼ԼûʩչȫԷһǿʲôŷ˻ڣֱ͵
ԼʩչҲѹȵûа취
һڣ֮Ƕһӡ
ûʩչͣǶԼ
ֻʮ֮һȴҲͨ˿Ӧġ
ϢڣǴڣһɫƥۻңԷֱ档
⡭Ѿѹ£˿ĭɡ
֮ǰһֱãǶԷʺˣŽԼܣǲףԷղ붯ֵĻһУͿⲻס
úã
˷ܵһ˻˫һָ꣬˹
˻
һâХգ۹ͽ˺롣
ǿĽ⣡
۾һ
սĸ֣в٣δ˴Ľ⣬Ը֮һˣ
Ǳ۹ĸ֣һ֣Ͳͬ졣
ʳָָһ󣬱㽫סָһת
ô͵Ľס
ղλ֡ͫһ
ԷоᣬĽ̴ӣҲһ˿סģҪмǿУ

λѵǰԻһ㣬ʵȴǸеĸ֣
ܲܽסС
ԼĽԷסûк£˷ܵ۾Ź⣬ٴγХӣΧٱ֮࣬飬ա
Щн۶ɣʵʣҪɴϣ̴ܹͬƤܵش
ǧ潣
ûý۳ôལ⣬ʹñжǿ
ݺᣬ˷ҿ϶ǵס

ڳвſȫɫء
Ǳ۹ӵнأˣ߳ĸ֣Խ⡣
УеĽܶ࣬Ľ֮һǧ潣һʩչû취
˵һҲЩ㵡
գ۹ʩչôལʵȻǿȻԼúԶ֣ӱͬǿ϶սʤ
һЦҲͻȻſ͵һ

Ḻֱ̌оۼȥ
֨֨
գ۹򣬽ͱ̽С
⡭
Χˣȫŵɫһס
ôལ㶼һȻˡ
㣡
𾪻û꽣һͺղŵȻУγһȫγɵĶֱ̽˹
̽ӭ㳤һ࣬ûǰ˺ѿƺҪ顣

û뵽ǰλУɫһףգ۹ڵڽҲ޷ѹơ
أ
ʮڽ£ѳһƬƬƲ
ָαϵľ磬ŵס˹ˣҲ۵ĿҪ˺·ͱѹһ档
ǿ
һΪѹȥʩչľУսһ𣺡ˣ㲻ʦĶ֣
תͷȥͼһ˰֡
ǣ
³һȻвʣȴҲ֪˵ûͬ޷սʤǰλꡣ
ʦʵǿĿãˣԾʹա
˰֣һȫơ
ţ˵֣úýѵһһζû뵽ǵûԸͷ
ʹգ۸Ҿûˣô˵£
Ƥһ̧ĻԽԽ죬ˣ졣
Դ۹սһ£Ǳ۹ͽ̣


1259 ȺŹ
ս
ǰ벽򾳵ĳǿߡ
ͬʱסһš
һȫǱ۹ʦΪǴﵽ˰벽򾳣սλǷˣ̫Դˣ
սң
û뵽Է˵⻰һ£۾

Ƥһ̧һЦôң
һһʼΪԼֽڣΪˡ
տʼʾˣǰͺ̵ʯʵ¶Ӧûôɵˡ
ȻˡͽһԼĶԹ
ǹ
ҾͿûʵ

һ͵վעݣ㲻һȵ۹ʦǳϾ׼ʦֱսʸ𣿡
ʸ񣿡һЦһһöУ˵۹ʦƸϣ֪ûʸ񣿡
۹ˡƸϣ
⡭ôܣ
һһɫǺ죬ǲš
۹ʦöǿȫΪеִ£Ǹеĸ֣λޱȣƸϡֱǸ߲ʡ
飬һȫҲ彩ֱ
ȻһûϢݹ֪顣
ǰ֪ʮӣҲҶԸ˵ĳϣ
ССʸ񣡡
ղ˵ߣ촽£ݷס
ԿģҲ˵ǰλΪãҲߣȴʵʵ۹˵ĳϡ
ݣҵġ
ʸͺá
ջأһȫҲҴӦⱭ쳽˶սĿֻΪ˱޵֮ˣ˵ûʣҶʦܿģôսҡŭ۹һλϣԼȴˣ
⡭
޵֮˭֪ô£
磬һЩϢԴ۹ʦóЩʣԼ޵ܹȥãְȨ֮ӣ˷ϵܵ˵Ĵ
£ѹҾЩԾ
ҶǴˣ⣬ﻹô£һһȫɫˡ
ΪλΪȲڿЩСˡ
ʵˤֶλ湻ġ
ȻųҪұȣҴӦǣ
Ŀⲻԣһȫȭͷ۾
Ѿﻢ£ӦҲҪӦˡ
ҲֱܴӳƺΪųϣڰ˵λơ

վģһȫһЦʦΪ˵Ƹϣλ磬ԣҲѧϰḶ́ӦòѹΪ˰ɣ
ѹΪ
˼ǡð벽򾳵ʵʦս
ʦֻԪڣǼ¯ܲʣĶϾǿ߶˵벽򡭡Щ۸˰ɣ
ȷЩ֣ղһʦĻǲģڿ϶ˡ

˻Ȼ
۾Ҳ
϶Ϊ
һΪʦ׼ʦ֮ڣֶΣȻһ׽һף˷ʤ
ȳƺԼųϣݽԼסȻŵ̬
ȻԼ˳ϣԳݣָԷΪλҪѹΪ
һ´ӱΪ
ҲͬԼĶ֣ҪŰˡ
ԣ
³һ˵ͷ
ҪŰԼ
ǾҪԼӲˣ
òƣһ·ҪŰԼˣҲңʮ֮˾ҲԼͽˡ
лųϴͽ̣
һЦĿһչڵ̷ڶ˵Ϣڣֱ
벽򾳣ʵȻ˵ĺˣܵĿռ䣬ǳ̣˶á

ʵǵ㣬һһȫĶһ
߽ʵ죬һ֪𼫸ߣٴﵽʥƷ
ּıΪټ϶Խ⡭ʵǿ󵽿£
óˣ
Ҫʦ
սʵ¶ȻҪ
ʦҪùˡ
˶üͷ
λñսǿϳﵽ򾳣ܹսʤ
ȡô˵ñս
Ц
һȫͷóľǽȻϣܹõųϵָ㡭
ʹñҿɲãʵ
⣡һȫͷ
Է¯ˣǲҲͺͳϾ£϶Ķ֣ӳҲûʲô
Ǻã
˵ͷƤһ̧һ

һٶͷܳǰ
ڼñ󣬴Ӻõ칤ܡ
Щһ칤ʦɣû˵Ϣ޻ˣóҲ൱ɱʹá
ҵı
ѿһЦһϣҺݺݴ򣡡
ǣ
ܣѾ׳ʱȫֱһȫ˹
ǾֻгϾСڵʵһٶͷһʹˣһٿ칥ۻͷһ˲ǽ˵
㡭
Ȼû뵽Էһóôܣһսôǿһȫɫ̱ˣеĳڿһ뽫һͷ;úȭϮ
ûüתͷϡ¡ȫȱ֮ǰ֪еȱ㣬á
սʦõ󷨡һָ㣡
ͫһһȫȫֱ
ֻͨܣƾ벽򾳵ս䣬Ҳ̫ңԷǰ֪Լȱݣÿγսʦĺϻ󷨡
Σˣ
Ȼǿſ˼Уһû˵Լ͸еʹǱ˺һ㡣
أ
ǿסУеȭͷԽԽ࣬ʱнϣʮӺ󣬾;۾ͣѾЩˡ
ʵǿͱսʦһĿΧҲⲻס
֪Ͳñˡ
һȫÿҪˡ
ղŻĵľģֻҪѹΪԷȻϴζû뵽˼ҿóôܣ
ҲǱһ֣ϸûΥ桭
ؼǡջĵ˵˼⣡
ºˣⰡ
⡭
һ˿ĭı顣
ҿղûöԷñҪôһϣҲס
ʦ֣Ⱦ
ղ˵ĳϣôңҲ̲סȭ
īƤһּ̧һ⣬Ե׿ڴӦԶµĹأҲǰĪ
ܾȣҲ֡
ʥӵѡεѧӣ۸ֶʲôʦ
˵
Ҷͷ鷳Ǹʲô

֣λϣ̲ס˹ȥͼһȫʱѾ˵ϣ϶ǽӡһѪһ߳鴤


1260 
ʮӣȥλпڵһÿס֡
ʹ˱ҲˡҹƽˣӦ޻˵ɣ
ߣһУһȫŪѣǳϿҵĿ
ƽ
һȫѪ
һٶ˴һҲйƽ
òƽҿԲñٺһղĳûϢȻֻսһռ˱ˣҲ⣡

ۣ
һȫٴѪ
ĳһ¶ûУһͿˡˣôȣ
˵ǲǴĬȻˣҾΪѣսһ
ԷѪشҡҡͷȭͷҪҹ
䡭
һȫæ
ϲУڵѾ޷սҪͶԷ˵һԣŪ
ð벽ǿߣһԪڵСӱԣ䡭ԽԽ
Ǹ
ԽԽҧ
ҪѶϢҲڱ֮ǰһ˷ϣڡˣ
ͺá
˫һվֱӣΪʦˣȴֻ˸棬ӬӪҽʵã²ҪŪûˣ뿪£һϱˣδãǾ
ԷֻƣԼ˵Ҳˣѵһ٣˵ʲô
ؼǣԼ䣬ѹΪ˱
ûôܣûпȱݣûڿսʦϻķ˵صľԼˡ
һϣδ׷ǺܹƽˣλȻģƾͲʦ
ҡ
ɫһס
Է˵Ƹϣ⻰һģ˽ˡ
ˣλϢˡ
ֳ֪ȥøӲ죬תȥ
ճţѧͽӭǰ·
ܺûֳìܣΪˣǱ۹ʦã׼ס
žǿˣҲ˹
סǸԺص䣬һΣǧϷ䳲
ᣬȻЩ죬ȴ׬ʮöԪƷʯջСպÿܲܽΪһͻԪ۷壬ﵽ벽Ͼ
ӵʵ㲻ܣ鷳Ҳһսˡ
ϥãһյõྫԪƷʯȫȡ˳
ȫѨ򿪣Уתʡ
¡
֪˶ãԪڣ˳ͻơ
Ԫ񾳺ڣ
꣡꣡꣡
մﵽڲã׼۷壬ͿʮöԪƷʯȫĴ˷ĩ
ȻΪԪƷʯЧԽԽˡ
̲סҡͷ
ͻԪ񾳣͸оˣǾԪƷʯЧҲ𽥼٣ΪôʯԪ۷壬ϧһС𣬾ͣ
Ҫͻƣҵ߼ʯ
ȥɣ
ʯĴû취ֻ˳䳲߳˷䡣
ү
ôǿžӭ
ǱϤ𣿴ҳȥתתܲҵطһ׬ȡԪƷʯ
ǱǰһΣϤʦʯžЩɻ
ⲻϣ׬˼ʮ
ôҪ
ţͷҲ͡
Է˵׬ʯѾĹˣ֪᲻ᱻ
Ҫ٣ž
ơöңƲһ£
ڶʯģҪﵽԪ۷壬Ҫһٶö׻ֻʥؾ磬һٽԪ۷ĻҲҪӽ٣
٣
žһ飺ôĿǱҲҡ
Ǳ۹ڣԪƷʯҲǴײˣһץһѣܹóöģȻǼΪǿ
һóôģһʦãҲڶǱң֮ǰ˵ĵºУ
ͣһ£ž
ʦУһ㶣漴ͷ
ҲԣЩʦÿ˶óʮöʮöģʦóöӦòѡ
Ҫȥһ٣ʯ
°ͣ˼
ˣմһ٣ٴ򣬴ȥã
һᣬҡҡͷ
ս˼ҴôңٳȥҪʯʦҲˡ
ô˵ǸҪ棬ҪݣиֵˣҪͽͷʲô
ʦңǱҡûκνڹȥ£ϵˣ
˼Ƭ̣ʵ˵УʲôطûжһƷҪ׬ȡĻӦô׬
Ǳ⣡
žûжһƷҪ׬ȡĻķǡģ
ģ
ţž˵ͷһ׬Ǯķ
Уи̨Ҫ׬ǮȥޡӮһһöƷʯӮööԴơȻֻСǮ׬ȡЩˡֻҪӮʮͱԡʮͷúʮĻᣬʱ򡭡ܶǮעѺˣӦһ׬ܶ࣡
˵ʵܳΪʮͬ޵еĴڣ˫սܶע⣬õܶʯвͻÿ겻֪ǿߣ̨ϱˣ̨Ҳж̨Ǯ
Ŷͷ۾ԽԽ
ͬԵ޵СҪȥμʮܴ׬׬
ʦͬʵȷܿ£ǡһǾñȥı飬ž֪Щʲôæҡͷ
ΪΣ֡
ʵԷӦʮȰԼȥѲ̨֮ͬУбԼǿĴڣ
̨˲ʹı⣬ûģöıֶζУ˵ʦսʦУδֵܹʮ
žЦһҵҲǾú棬ȥһΣ˵峡Ͱˣ
ʦ˼ݣսʱ򣬺ֶܶβʹãЩˣɶʹֻҪܹɱˡ
㶼ֲ
ǰ̨ʮվ̨ϲսʮĶ֣ģԽԽǿеóеó꣬еĸЩֶΣʤ֮԰󣬾Ϊ峡ƣűһһռ˱ˣ
ž
ȥ

սÿһ飬壬ȷһּ尾
˵Ĳʲô
ʦҪȥ
˵ô࣬ԷִţžεҡͷΣգֱ䡭
İɣ
۾һ
ͶԷ˵޾׬ȡʯ
ԼӦ׬νĺУֱӵհɣ
붼˼أ


1261 һʯ
ºڳǽһׯ԰·ûǰ˾͸ıװһзǳĹҹӡ
ǱеĴʼ˾˵Ǹһֱòƽ͸̬ĴΪ˷йĵĲŪ
⣬ֻҪǮҪģֻҪǮͿԾ鷢йеĲͷȻҲǼߣ˵Ǳߣ
һǰУžһ߽ܡ
ֵط˹ĴڡǱ۹ʦã߻ңͲܣ
֡
Ϊۣиֶעžʦ֪飬Һʦã䷢չȥʣ
ǲܣΪȶžҡͷ
ȶ
⡣
ȻûݶԷĻνĺУǸûз͡ĵطͲȶôΪȶ
д߶࣬ԴϡȱΪΪͻ֡Źսö֮١ÿ춼ǻһʦãҲ޷׸
ž
ţͷ
߶Դ󣬾ͺԷˮһʳﲻ϶Ҫңû취¡
ʦǿҲܽ󣬶žҪΥԡ
ºУȴйͨֻҪǮҪĶҪ׬ǮҪŬսγһѭȻ˵ˣȴУȶ
žҡͷ
йĵطӰӡ
ʦ֮а߲࣬ľûйĵطѱ¡
׹
ˮ㣬ͽ
ʦʦҲɡ
еĴڣȻϹܹٷȷдڵ塣
ͺǰĳЩְҵֹģܶˣҲ֪λʲôطҵܹڡǴȲǣܹ󣬼ٷ
Ҫ׽һڣΰܵս
Ǳ۹ºУˡ
ϲϹأʵȴܼٸ鷳ȻҲȥˡ
ʦáֻҪƻȶΣ¡Ȼװ
֮ǰĺԶǡԴ֮࣬ӦҲƵĵطֻۻÿдʱ䶼ûϸˡ
ˣ
˼ž̧ͷȥһ޴ׯ԰ǰ

ûǰ˵סȥ·
ȻԪ񾳵ǿߣϴɱ¾֮һ֪ɱˣʵ
һžݹһ
һ飬ŵ˵ͷڲ
ʾһ£ž۾ϡ
ס۾ŷ֣ڲڵסߣʶڵ޷Χ
˵Ĵ£ʮӣҲ֪žһɡ
һ޴̳ǰӿһۿͷȻڵ£ҹҫ£ͬ硣
⡭
գգ۾ܿȥ
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ʯܹⶫ
˼ͫһ
ʯµıϡ٣ԴǶҲȻȻ̯
š
ⶫȻϡ٣ȴҲǵòеҲʲô
ı飬žЦЦ
һνʱҲӣòţſҲϰˡ
ؼƷʥ˽ѶϢȻǺУʲôУ
ͨһᣬЦҡͷ
ǺУΥΥͣ޷۵ĶＸС
а벽ϾͳϾ
۹λãͣ
Уͬ۸ͬ
һĿ
ΪǺУҲ±ᡣ
𣿼۸˵
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˵һָ
ȥžͿǰǽϱעȷļ롣
ʥƷĹ似ÿһҪʮöԪƷʯϣȼ͵ģһЩ
һĻܻ˶ǮҪǧһʾ޴Ŀ֧
һжֳϾ
̲סʵ
Ͼһʮ֣벽ϣٶʮ֣ǰϡзӡ޷ʶ֪̽빺ıǮһӡģĹʮϸǱǱļѽУ۸Ҳʮֹۣͯ
߰˰֡
Ļǰܿ˹ȥȻв鼮ܲ˷ӡʶ޷̽顣

Ҫʶ
۾ɨеͺȱݣ

ܵ鼮ͱӡ
һɨȻתԼ֪ʶ
ЩؼͣЩ٣޷γǿϧ
ȻлҵǱһȫĽҲСδ̫ˣ
鼮ȫԺһ飬ɵøп
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мһ½Դļ۸°͡
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1262 Թ
Աֻʮ꣬ʮᣬΪҲʥ𣬱Զһʯ⣬ϵ۾ֱˡ
еļ۸񰺹ˣ˼ãѡһƽʱ򣬼ûˣ˸ͻһӳôණֱ˼顣
λӣЩһ
һᣬŻָԱ̲ס
ţͷ
ЩдһģҲдԴģǰ˵ϱΪﵽԪ񾳺ڣȻûô
ռռ䣬ȫһʵҲа
ãھͽм㡭
֪˸ͻԱҵҴȥʱ䲻һ˹
ȫһ飬߿˹ƷȫܶһһһʮöԪƷʯ嵥
˰֣ˣʯɣ
ƷʱѾͶԷ
ãȥȡʯߵ˵ͷ
Ա˽ȥʱ䲻һöָ˹
ֽӹ˿һһʮöʯ಻١
ŹӣֱӶһһٶöʯѾԶΪгĹպиֻԹŵᣬҪҪμӣ
ٴθһݵƣЦſ
һ¶һôʯںҲǴͻˣ㹻ʸΪ
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ѹžֻս峡ˣʵ̫ˡ


1263 
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Ǿþļһɱ˼ܣ¯࣬ϡС·ܵסȻҪΣޱȡ

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1264 ̨ϣ
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1265 ̨£
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żҵˣΪ֧һҲûٺ»ģԪƷʯҲкܴãƽʱ׬ȡһҲһöŹ˲ʮӣʹһٶöˣ湻µģ

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սӦûٳȥݴͣһ־̨һС
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ԱȣʤʣٴͻƼޡ
˵ʵͣǿλˣȴСǿһ㣬ʱڵϣֱӹҵȴ֪ΪΣܹ֣ǲɡ
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ƣʦ֪ô˵ĺףֽΣٴλʤ
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ܿ죬ʮʼ֮ǰı֣˲ģʽ͡
ʯѺУֻǧٶ㣬֮ǰķȣ˲١
ȻʮıԣӼ˫սٶУһı飬ǲ
ʤķʽ˷˼ʮλսߣȻڽʱٶ̫죬һͷײڵϣײˡ
ܲμӵھųսģйӮųĻԻ͡
ߵκεطǺպǿߣȻһͷײΣžԼȥˡ
磬ܲټһ㣿
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ѾǵʮˣҲ˵ʮᣬȻ
ϲΪµʮѡ񣬵һսڶϢ֮սͬٹҵǣϢϢаա

ʮǸֽ㣬ɹ֮󣬾ͿϢԺսͬԳߡ
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ԷȰ裬ƣ̧һ£ҡҡͷ
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ðɣں˵˵԰ٹķսʤʮλʮܳɹһԵǡ
ûһ쳹̨
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ͬͭײһִڶеĸоˢˢȥͼһߴӰ˳
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һǱսôˣսʤûǶ֡Ҫ֣һ϶ˣ
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Ӱ̨̻߳Ȼ
˵ģǱˣλһͺȣǮɪɪת뿪İٹ
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Ҷ֣Ҳݰɣսʤʮˣֻ֮Ҫ߶֪
һ԰׵̧ͷ˵ˣ㣬Լʤʮˣαװ
Уͷ



1266 Ҽֲסˣ
֮ǰεˣһɫǺ졣
ǾսʮҲǾþɳսǳսʤʮ˼αװϵ̹ܸ
ϸ룬Ժʵ˵սʮˣʮ϶Ҳ̫ۡ
ѵսôãʱˤļһҲʵ
ˢˢϿĻǲȷȴնһϾҪεģ
ûҡͷѾֲסû취սˡ
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ɲ㣡Һ˭սûܹ赲
۾һУǰһ
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ִҪλսһսǱⲻˣǲ˭Ӯ
Ҷĺ󣡡
Ҳĺÿս쳣б˺飬ΡҲһᱻ˺İ룡
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𿪾ֵˣһȻѺһҡҡͷҲ˵ܿ
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Ԥһһǧ˰ʯ䶨ˡ
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ĸͷܴǰͺͺͯһ㣬һȭХ˺ѿֻҪУ̱ҳ
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мֲס
Ҫܼסһ
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1267 ˵Ķע
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ǰϥǣͬʱͬ꣬Եֵ

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ֽ֪Ѻλһɶûеļһ״ðģ
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ʮһ֮ǰٴƺУҲǲš
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αʴﵽһʮҲ˵ֻҪʤѺ1800öʯһգ۹򣬾ͱһǧټϱĻȻӽ֮࣡
ôྫԪƷʯΪӵܣδ
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һǧˣ
עˣû˵һ𣬽һ˹ףεע㣡


1268 Ź
㣿
žһ㶣üë𣺡ʲô˼
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˺һѺעǽڹƽĻϵģλһװԻˣһעΪȻΥ˹жעҪҪ⳥
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1269 е
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˳˴Ϣҩԭˡ
ʱ䲻һƣλϣԴ۹ģóɹͨʥӵĳԡ
ǺУϢܲôʱ䣬ѽ飬
ԭʦѹָﵷҡ
վ
һĵϵȻأȴѾܹơ
ƿش֣ҳȥһˣ
˰ֳֳ֣˳ȥ
뿪һ·У֪˶ãһ档
ˡ
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ǣɱˣҧ
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еԴɡ
ܹóɹʦܲȻʮӣնɱһй¶Ϣܵĺ˭֪
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ûˣ򲻿ǵطпȻˣɱһҲʲôҪϸﻮ˿С
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ǲԼԳ֣ıɱʦһλţǺеķһᱻ
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ˣ߰ɣһ취ڸ𸴣
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øҴ𸴣ţۼɱֻҪһҾͻ̽｣㣡
Ҳã
еͣһ£ɣ
ţ
ų߽ܿʧ

û뵽ºУ֮ǰׯ԰ǲһɽڲ
뿪Уں೤Ӹ¿ȥŷ֣֮ǰڵĵطǵ£ҲǸׯ԰û̫ϵһɽڲ
ׯ԰ֻΪ˶Ŀ
ѹֽУҪ۾סƺУҲǵʦ̲£ֱӶ֡
ζæһǧʯ㣡
һȡһʯ˹ȥ
ʹġžһ
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ǶԷеϢһֱѺעҲ׬ôࡣ
˵ӽʯ֮УһĹǶԷģһǧѾԼռˡ
ǡлʦˣ
֪ԷԼȡףžƴǣʯսָǸм
ǰλȻС֮ദȻȻŬĳ嶯ͣЪ
ˣǵˣѣԸΧߣԸȥ
ԼǰҲ˼ʺԹŭڣʧӰ١
ÿ
֪Է뷨˰֡

صʦסѾ״ڡ
ٴνǧϷ䳲ʯȡ˳
״̬ʼʱ䲻ΪٴͻƣԸԳĴﵽԪ۷塣
׻꣡
ʯ㣬ת׻
ʱ׻ҲﵽԪ۷塣
ڵսºͰ벽ǿ߱ȣҲ˿
ʣܵԼԿռպͶĿƣϲá
Ԫ񾳺ڵʱͨϾ۷ͲǶˣڲΪͻƣ׻Ҳսֹһֹ
˵ڵʵ㲻ÿܣһȫҲǶ֣ᱻֱӻܡ
ΪﵽԪ۷壬ԪƷʯĹЧҲûˡ
Ϊսܴܽ󣬵ԪƷʯЧҲ΢΢
֮ǰһöʯкܴڣһöЧҲ޹ʹ
ԤڻһöʯҪ˳벽ϣϣЩѡ
Ҫ̫ߣԤе£ɡȷϣǾЩ
ò״ʯЧֲˡ
ҪΪʯͣܶ
׻ĹϿɣ
ʯӸ
ʱѾȫɸɾʵҲﵽ˷˼ĵز
ã
Ҳϻʼ
Ϊһѿ˵ٶ£ʱ󣬷ϣ֮ǰʵ׻꣬ʵȻﵽαϵľ硣
ֻҪͨ׽٣ͿԳΪϾǿߣ
ڵʵŶǿ
Ϊô̲סʵ
벽򾳣Ӧÿֿ򾳳ڣҲһս
һ
Ƥһ顣
򾳣Ͱ벽򾳣ֻһСսȴ֮
򾳣ֽ޵оųһΧڣף˶٣ֻҪûͲսʤ
򾳳ڡƾ㣬Ͳ֪Լǿ˲֪١
ʵټ̬ķҪսǱ۹ܵУ
ôãɲ
޲ɱ
ٶȣ̫ˡ
̲סп޵ݡ


1270 
˱ȣܻЩƣͷȣһֱŰ붼
ҡҡͷε׿һгģ򿪣žɵ鼮Ʈ
Թ飡
һԺ
ȷҵšǣֻһϵˣ
鼮еݿ꣬ͷ
Թ飬صʥڿε⣬ҹһֶ
ͺµѧϰһֻҪѧᣬĽ棬ǱȻġ
ֻõѧϰԷķžҲԶʤٷ˵ûá
Ϊ󡭡ϧˣ
оһᣬ̲סҡͷ
ţõ鼮оһҵĹõӦԣԺڿȻûôס
ִĹ洫ȥ϶ͱջˣôǱ۹һССĺУͽ
ҵϵȻܲǺʥȣǲ˺ܴһء
ͬоռĹʥԶԿռ⣬ֱָʣһǲ˲٣ò˵ַȷ֮
ƺͬͬԴ
ˣܿڶںϣܲγ
һ
ܿ飬һأΪֹֻ˵һأҴﵽ۷壬֮ûȥһڶصĹȱ̫࣬ΪҲ
ʵﵽԪ۷壬֮ǰǿ˲֪٣һˡ
ȷ
ܿڶصҳգ۹Թںһ
Ȼԡ
æ۾ˡ
ܿ磬ֱǣءաʹ졣
Ѿһأ۷壬޽ĻӰһԳڰ׿⣬ٶ֮죬˲ơ
ԿռգҲ벽ǿս
˵ڶѧϰĻȻٽһ
˷ܣһץʯѻڸǰ˼󾳽УԿռ򣬿ʼ
֪˶á
վϢڽ
һûܿĵڶء󡱣۷壬ȴҲԿռӡ
֮ǰʵͰ벽޼ڣ򾳳ڣҲһսˣ

һΧһ׵ķΧڣ̳һ㱡ĹȦȦ֮ڵĿռ䣬ƺȫƿأ
ܲȴ֮ͬ
ȭͷϸܹȦĹЧ˫۷Ź⡣
ȦԿռ⣬γɵģȻȴ޼һڵķΧƿأ޵С
Σ
ָһ㣬Դǰ
þȫҹ
ãԴɣԴӦһһХն£ֱײ˹
ӵгϾս¯ٶȼ죬ƺһ׵ľ룬̼

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Ը⣬׽Դ飬ش
ܵƿصȻ
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Χڣֱ޵Сǣӵиǿ߸ŵĶԷ޷ʩչ򣬸ⲻס
Ԫģʵ̫ˡ
ԴſΧĹȦʱһƣ֮ӿ
ĹȦǿ޵УԪģҲֲ𾪡
ʥ⣬ʥߣʩչʮҲƣ룬ȫĸɾ
ԺǾʹá
ǺǿĴˣԼҲʮΣգԺҪٵʹãأ
ˣĿռٺͷսǲǿ׽ѹ
Ϣһᣬĵָһ£ȭͷһ
һֱѹȣ֮սӦþͿ׻ʤ˰ɣ
뵽˳
ûжսʼضɽҡ
Դһɪɪ
˫ۣ˺Ȧ󣬴ڴѪʮڵѾܶ
´սɡ
æתָ
Ϊ򣬿Űķ޵Էɽޱȡ
һﵽôġ
Ϊܹʤˣͱһ١ÿζ
ֱ̬
ת죬Ƴ׻ָεĿ˷һۣٲͣ뿪䳲
ʵڲС´ʵٴαˣٽ𱨻
߳䡣
ѾһҹܻǷĶ֣ȴҲʵˬǸˡ
ߵԺУͼžҴ˹ʦͻƵԪ񾳺ˣ
ε˷ܡ
ԷһֱٽԼҲ׷һԺȻ
׷ʦٶȡǲǿֵҫ
ϲͷ
ÿΪʦһӦÿͨԡ
˵һ룬žͻȻʺƤ£ԴɻĿʦ㡢㵽Ԫ۷ˣ
ţ۹ˣ˳ͻˣ
ͷ
۹˳㡭
žû޳
ð
Ÿոͻƣһҹ󣬾ͽɶˣ
˴ﵽԪ񾳺һСҪʮ꣬ʮ꣬һϡҪҪô죿
ۿ죬žøոȼģٴα
ߣ죬鸡սǿһô죬ؼԽսô͡
Ĳ֮ȣȻ֪ôġ
ձһٵƣɢһգĵͷ
ͷȣԶԶǺ˱ȣһƵġ
ʦʦҪȥϣҪʼԡ
֪˵Ϊֻȡ裬žϼ
Ӧһںȥ
ڣ֮ǰʮλʦѾվ̬࣬¡
һк㲻ٶ˵
վ˺棬̧ͷȥͼīվм䡣
ʱһȫϻЩףЩطڷ෺죬Ȼ챻ܴģû׻ָ
ΪԽߣҩЧԽʵҪٻָҲҪð˼ĵҩҩʦҲô׾ͿԻõġ
ȻѾˣǾͽиԣ
ǰһīһܣʥӵѧӣʵǻֵֹۡۡܵı׼ԵʱǿսֻҪʵ㹻ͨԾûôˣ
˵˵ԵĹ򣡡
ˢˢĿ⼯й
ǣܲܽʥӵҪ©κһ֡
ԵĿˣ˵ӣʵϣֻһǾǡ뾡һа취Ķ̭
أīһӣҲ˵ж


1271 ж
ж
˻Ȼ
ֱʽ֪
Ϲʱڣͳʱ;ַʽȡ֡
ǽһȺ˹ͬһɱʤģԻֻбһ·ߣ̣ԣǼĿ顣
׺ѣΪԼԹַ֡аħһΪʦôʥӵĸԻã
ҲҪţνжѪɱ¾̭
˱鲻ԣī˰֣͵ǽͬʱһµϣ֮ڣ취ҵˣ̭еʮλͨȻ̭취ϴնɱ֣ɱͬģֱȡʸ񣡡
նɱ
ѡ
ȫɫء
ҶţʵЩ࣬ͱֶΣ޼͵Ϯնɱֻ˼Ѷ֮󣬿֪
ʱŪãͱ˷ɱˣ
ȻµֻЩˣʥޣѲúõ壬ԼաҪ̭˵ͬʱҪ
ī۾һֻԭز̭˵Ĵ㣬ԸǣȻҲ⵽̭ʥӵųӱߡ⣬֮ڣ̭ʮˡʧȥʸ񣡡
⡭
Ҳ˵̭Լ޷ʥӵ
Щ̫п˰ɣ
½һѧô׽ȥÿҪˣ

˻Ȼ֮󣬸ԳĬ
ж򵥣ʵϱҪпᡣ
һ˵ͳʵıֶΣۺϵĿԶս
ʥӵĿˣһ־˸Ѷȡ
ÿ˵ݣԷϣҲԲκεطǰֻڵϣֻҪ飬ʹṷ̂
һʮöֱ˷˹ÿһ
Բ
˵˱ץҲûã
û޷̭ɱҲûã⡭ô죿

ٴһһš
ϣܣƵöԷó˳飬ʮּ򵥣ɡⶫԲһڵһ࣬㽫ץסҲûð
ѣ涨һѶһ˲䣬ٴʮֹ
ҲһԿ飡
˵ľȲͬĿһ
ľߣʥӵҲûôеҪԹ壬׿ڡ
Է˵ԽʵǶԵһˡ
˵ʵҪ˵ȫʲôطܱԼϰȫ
ǲԼҪôȻڶԷǰʧ֡
ȻЩ飬Ҳ˵ƣһ󣬷ɹġ
һī񣬷дԼ֣棬ֵ·ƺŴѶܣֻҪ飬ͱʾʧ̭
ʦʹıֵûУͻᱻֱ̭
Ǳ۹˳
ĻˢˢĿ⼯ϡ
һﵱսһӳϰٸܣ벽򾳶ͷҪԸǡͿⲻס
жˣƽʹñԼ̭£Υֱ̭ī
Ǿͺá
˿
ֻҪʹñλսҲûôˣ
򲻹ǱֶλеģӦò⡣
ʲô𣿡
ûˡˣʦ֪ڵĹµʲôطΧж˵ʥ޺壬ʲô𣿡
һλʦ
ЩܣԼ˵طϸ֪ˣû⣬ھͳУ֮䲻Ѷһ֣̭ͬ
ī˵ͷҪף©ҼȻ˵Ȼһ
ǣ
ͬʱͷ
ǳɣ
Ҷ˹īٶ˵תͷһһȫ
ţ
˵ͷһУзʮͷʥޣһߣ۵Ķһޱ
֮͵ºеĲ࣬һϣ۾ʶҲ޷ţڶԷĴ£漴һХʥշ
֪˶ãһΣڵϣ۵Ķ漴֣ѾһƬ֮Уܿտһ˶ûС
۾Լ˲֪ȥҲͬ飬޷ᡣ
ˣҪͨˣֻԼ
žʵﵽԪ񾳺ڣټһ·ҵָ㣬սʵԽֻҪˣӦⲻ󣡡
̭пᣬʵҲԵġ
ʵ̫ȻֲסﵽΪηκˡ
žʵȲ˺ܶ࣬ô˵ǴӵܣԼָ㡭ֻҪ̫̬ģӦӦԣߣ⣬Ҫġ
ȥ룬һΣңҿһȦֲ飬һۿͷ֪Զһ죬һ֪ɽ
ǹµδ̫˰ɡ
кȻ
ڵʵһ۶ͷж
ٹһǧǧ
ôĵʮˣ֮ڽץס̭
Ȼûô򵥡
ҵ֣Ҳһֿ顣
ôĵһôģ
ڵϣͬʱɻ
ʶΪﵽ2500׵ķΧԶͨ˵400ô󣬾īʵǿҲܿĹɣ
Ȳˣߣֱ̭
һ벻ͨٶ롣
ʱ㲻ʹñսҲ򾳳ǿߣ˵ʦŲ˳۵ģֱ̭Ҫʲô෴Ӧ˺档
ɽһᣬ֪Ŀģתһ춼ˣһһ̳ġ
ΪʦⶫǱرģܴδùȴҲ׼˺ü飬𶼲̫͡
ǸŨģӦȥ
׼˷żһ㣬ǰȥ
Ĵʥޣһױ˵ɰӣʵǿҲԸͷ

ǰ˲Զһŭ˻漴һͷ޴ʥ򼶱𻢹޳˹
һԼһҲԪ񾳵ʵûǰ͸һϵѹƺ׾ܽ˺顣
ɶҩġ
۾һ
ȥЩʥ޵鷳ͰˣһȻҳһѹ
žߴ
Ļޣ彩ֱ类һ㣬һܶ޴۾ǺȻ
ãҡ
ָ뽫䵯ƤȥǣһЩҩģͻȻһһ˹
ž飬һ̭ʣʮˣ
ʲôž̭ˣ
һ㶣ȫǲš


1272 
žʵԶԼ֮УҲŵϣټϸֶΣƲ⣬ֵ󲻳⣬ȻŽ뵺ʮӣͱ̭
˭֣
ôô죿
ʲôط̭ģӦܲЩʲô
ָһ㣬һѪҺǰ
žѪľѪ
趯һӡѪҺ֮Уգ۹ĵ̲ͣתָһ
µѶֹѪҺѰˡ
žϣͱ̭ʮ֡
ָķ򣬷Ӷȥ
ΪɵĻޣҪɱ뿪˿ظæβͣٲŵĵת
˺üӣ˽ӽһٶ·ͣ
ôоԼԭضȦӣ
üë
ôãյ쾡ܴܺ󣬿϶Ҳῴͷ߲һĵط
֪ΪΣǰĳʼʶĸоһ·ۡһֱڶȦӡ
󷨡
˼ܿ׹
ϣȻӵһ޴󷨣ΪΧ̫󣬾Уһʼû
ܽסҶʱû֡ٴﵽ׼ǵļ𣡡
󷨵⣬Ȼﵽ߼۷壬󷨵İһЩ˼ڵ󷨣ɲö
ʵֻҪ󷨣Ӧú׷֣ôòŲ󷨵ļ𣬱Ȼ͡
֮ۡ
ʲôֻҪ֪󷨣ʣµľͼˣƤһ̧˸
ܿ죬һϸ߳ǰ
Ӧǡ׼ǵġٽ󡿣ٸ˷ԲǧķΧô󷨡⵽ģ
ٽ󣬼߲˵ַΧ㣬ͨҪصĸۡ򣬾񵱳ԶǵĶһء
ﾹȻҲУ˷Բǧ
⵽ʲôط
ּĴûԲöɣҪҲٻһµĹ򡭡
ΪֻǸͨ죬ôû뵽
֪󷨾ͼˡ
Ǳ۹˽ⲻ࣬˰죬Ҳ벻Ȼҡҡͷȥᡣ
ܽԻõҲ巽λһֱͬһطѣ֪˽ṹȻٱԻ󣬻һܣ׼˷ǰʮ๫ƶߡ˹仯ʮηλǰһ̤

ĳǰɽ֣Ǹֲȴ֮ǰһøӺأһֵѹɱ¾
ǽ
ء
ϢʮϤǽġ
Ϣķȥ̿ԶһƬľڵϣһնĴѪӡʯϷδᡣ
žѪ
üë
žѪϸоһ۾ܿѪ⣬սĺۼѲɣﱻ̭
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ô£
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ɶʱðǿһλ
ۣ֮׷٣
֣ȥ
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ȻһĽܿڲԶԶӶȥ
ŷܳ
ٴһ𣺡飬ڶ̭ʣʮһˣ
Ҳ̭ˣ
һЩӡǸԪ۷ǿߣǧƵ۹ʵǿҲܴû뵽žŸձ̭ʮӣҲ̭δЩ̫ˣ
ǰǰٴγһƬնƽĽŰָһ㣬ִƤĸо
ǰУһ͵һΣգ۹ϰ׿⡣

ո뿪ĵطһϢ̴ӵ˳ֱգҪռ䶼˺顣
ˣ
æȥͼ֮£һûˣƺǲá
һԪ۷Ʒʥô
ס
Ϊһλʦ͵͵ڵ£Լ͵Ϯζû뵽ȻֻһﵽԪ۷弶Ʒʥ
ּһͽԴһӵǣ˸٣͵Ϯ
ҿΣǰԤ֪ͷ˲Ծһ㲻ˣȻҲǱ
ߣ
ãһץһӿ˹

֣ҳɣһšҪ档
ӡôף
ΧĿռͣˮ֮У粽У޷

漴͵ݣ£Ҳֲסֱķӡ
ģ˼¡
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Ȼ
͵Ϯžͳ𣿡ʵ
ңǳ꽣Ťӣ
꽣ʲôһ㶡
ѲɡƷʥ
ҽĺƽ
ĺơôʲôط
֣֪Ӧһ׵ıüʵ
д󣬻г͵Ϯʵ̫ˡ
ǺܶǰˣǱ۹أĺƽ
أ
ٴס
˵Ĵ۹սʦѡεţлǱ۹УźԼûϵû뵽ĳأ
ǵģкܶҲкܶǿµĽ⡭ǴϴǵĶȻҪǽ͵Ϯ
ĺƽ
ǵĶʲôһȡ˳˵
ⶫ̺һ⣬ˣԵаԡŽƣ
ĺƽ͡
⣿
ʶڲӶȥȻܵһ⣬Ȼܵȴǿ߶Խ⣬Գ˵ż
ԭˡ
Ȼ
īϣʦ֮䣬ɱʵϣ˺֣صĳ͵Ϯ
ټ֮࡭в׹壬û취
žãǱ꽣ϣնӶ̭ʧȥʸ
ʲôطּģһж٣
ô£̲סʵ
ھһٶ๫ĵطĳһٶ
ѱĺƽû˿
һٶԪ۷弶ĳ۾Բ
Ԫ۷弶ĽʹﵽƷʥǱ۹̫࣬ﾹȻһٶѱԼս϶ܹٴα
Ǳ۹أǵ꽣̺Ĵк⽣ÿ궼ǿǰҪûԵֻδ˼еʲôģҲû˵õĻԵ
｣ݺᣬ⽣вͬʱ䳤ˣϵĳͻߣкܴˣңʲô˶УҲͱⲻˡٽԴû뿪װ׺
˵ĺƽЩͳҺͳ꽣ˣ


1273 
ֻһֱǧ֪߳У࣬⡢ʽȫͬ
ˣкҪ
｣⡢̫࣬ϳַ磬ľˣѧϰԽ࣬Խ߻ħնɱ
ҲʦãΪνָԭ
ÿһʦԹжصļ⣬һãˣˣҲķʽٽȻ෴ֲĻ˵Ūã߻ħ
ԣʦҲѡ񣬲ȥα棬Խ࣬Խû㯣ľˡ
ӵжֽͽУǰˣαһԣö֮ԽԽأʵǵӣŪãΪѧϰ̫࣬Ӷ
ҿ
Щ
ãζ£ĺƽǰ·
һٶ๫ľ룬ʲôʱ䲻ǰ
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ǿĽ⣡
ɫأͣ
֣֪Ǽ鷨ԶԶȥͺųմζֱüģ걻Էס޷ѡ
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𺳣̲סʵ
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п
ӽһ꣬ڽ鼮Ҳѧϰ٣Ǵﵽ˼ߵľ硣
һֱöԽ⣬ûﵽ۷壬Ҳˣ֣֪λˣ˺ܴһء
ԷѾ˹裬˳дһ֣ϢݺᣬԶܡ
Щǰߡ
ǰһָĺƽ
ȥŷ֣ұ·Ų֪ˣ٣һ壬вͣȻ񲡣
˵ǴģвǶԵģ㿴
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ɫء
Ϊͽ־硣
һĻǿߣ⣬츳ЩģӶХ죡
ģΪƣ֮ǽУҲν˽һﵽ־磬飬ģ
Ϊ磬ֱ½ġнԼϽģ
ʥǿߣԽܴﵽнģǸеĸ֣ǰλһ־ȻóϽĵ򡭡Խ⣬Ȼ˿
ĿǰΪֹҲֻϽľ硣
ԣҹս˷ǽݺᣬϢֱ˷ĽУԲԣҵġ
𾪣ͼλԱߵһߣҡҡͷҲȡ˸
գ۹콣꣬ϢҰʮ׵ľ룬ƺֻҪУˣᱻסѡ
ȻҲϽģ
ٴξȡ
һϽģͺֲܿˣû뵽λҲǣڽϵ⣬ʤ֮ǰλ
ԣҾ
˼룬ͬʩչɢܡ
ͬﵽϽ֮
Ŀɿڴ˿ȥÿһһʵˡ
ˡﵽϽĵľ磿
˿ĭզࡣ
һ·ûԼģһգ۹򣬾Ϳô࣬ǽأ湻µģ
ǶǸ۹ˣóʦսʦɢޣʱģŰˡŰٶĻۣôЩ㲻̫࡭
ĺƽ
Űٶꣿ
ͷ
ԼȻţʱҲ̣һꡭڽϵʱ䣬һ춼
˴ŵ۹ΧڣŰٶ꣬ôԼ޼ģҲ
ϾҲ㲻ľţ˵ʹ硣
Щˣһֱûߣ
֣㹻һЩ˳УԴû뿪ĺƽ

̾Ϣ
ǰһ飬һϣžؼÿˣǰ˶һȥءǰĳЩơ
ûƣΪѧһУ֪ػѹϡ
ҾҵĶԣ
ҲǶԵġ
ȫǴġһ

˰죬˭Ҳ޷Ȱ˭հν򣬴ݱ
ʵѾ߻ħˣ
ҡͷ
θĽθЩˣ޷԰ΣȻǣʧȥң߻ħˡ
пУѾֳʤλˣΨһĻʤߣ񷴶ЩãԼǲˣΪ˵Ҳôǿ
֪Էڽ֮УѾʧȥжˣȰҲûãᣬ̧ͷұϵĴ֡
֣Ȼý̶ɣȴ̺˵ߵϢˣÿһʣһֲͬĽںһ𣬴磬ԽԽɲ⡣
ѹЩ
ֻһᣬҲ񼤵鲻ԽҪ
۾
Ǽᶨֿܵס˲ܿջ󣬶ǡĽʵ©̫ˣʵѧȥ
Щʲô
³һе׿ٴ۾漴ʯڵܣҲдּ飬֪١
ЩĽ⣬УұϵġⲻЩԲο
ĺƽ
Ŷ
˹ȥ
Ȼд߸Եļ⣬һƪƪһһǧ
͵ʥ̨Щƣ
Եͷ
ʥ̨Ҳ˲ټ⣬ÿһΪ˼֮ӣʵϡġ©ٳ֪һɹ
Ҳࡣ
ȱݣ
ɨʯڣһ鼮Ժ
Щ⣬Ҳһؼ۾ɨ¼
ȷ
鼮ʶٴεͺһǧ౾ؼ۳һԺ
ָһ㣬۾һ
Ȼ
ֻ㿴ûѧЩʲôû뵽Щ˵򣬼һ𣬾Ȼγ
Ժʣܿоһ顣
ò˵µĽȷԼĻƶԽ⣬ٴһء
۾һ£ʵٴͻȻеܵ͵ǰۣ쫷硣
æȥͼұǰˣҲȫˢˢ̧ͷ
ˡ
뿴ô£ͼǰĺƽͣζѾƲסԼ塣
ôˣ
üëһ壬ɻ
ˣ˽Ϊ飬Զ
򽣵
һ㶣ͼǰһϥڵϣͷϽݺᣬһγ˽ʣҪض˺롣

Ӱģüëһ塣
Ǳˣ֮ǰʦãսǱ۹ţ
ô
ü


1274 ʵǿͿΪΪ
ҽı̭ȥ̭ˣһȴֱҿӣѾ˺ܳʱˣѹɻ
Ǳ۹ţҲóץסĺƽ֪ʲôطһ룬ˣ
ܿ죬Ӧ
ԷǱ۹ˣأ϶ҵﲢѡ
¡¡
пУͼܵĽ⡢ͣԷϻ۶ȥգ۹˵ϢԽԽǿ
ˣ
ߵĺƽҲֲסڵϲͣĲƺڵĽѹƣҷ
ǡ⣡߰ˣû뵽ٴοһλ
ĽԼеĳһǼ
ǽ⣬Ľ⣬򽣹ڣֻǳӦǡ벽⣡
һλߵ
ǰ벽⣡ֻ֪Ϊ⡢Σȴ֪滹һ⣡磬򽣹ڣֻҪʵ
һλ߸пǰֻΪĳûﵽӦֻǰ벽
벽ҲˣоôãΪ𣿡
ǰ
߰ǰ棬ͻʱҸպڸǰĿһ漣ķû뵽Ԫֿ˵ڶλ
棬ͻ֮ƺû뿪ذɣ
ûУȥ˽ģҪõ˵ĴСֻϧһֱûɹˣôûҲ֪ûУ
۷׷ס
벽⣿
˵ĶԻڶУ˵ͷ
һڵϵĺƽ̸еѹʧ·ƺǾֺͺ¡
⣬Խ򣬳Խ˽ľԽ飬ѹȣλܹ򣬲лʥӵˣ˫
ž֮һȣ˺ܴһء

콣ڣ۾

ƺнݺᣬʱἤ
Ϊαϣû׽٣֮ǰۻ˲֪٣ƺ׽ٹҲһ̴

վһ£㣬̿˲Զ۾
һ֣ʱʩչǧ潣һ£ʵǿ
ʩչУܣֻ֮ܲ
Էսʹ˿ܡܴȫʤȴʵ
ԼѹΪټϸոͻƵĽ˵ܶԷնɱӦö̫ѣ
Ŀһ¶Ц㵹ùҸͻƣϣֻȽ̭ˡ

һΣǰ˹ʦãּˣ
ǣּˣ
ͷ
ȻҾ̾ʵʵڲ˼ڽиԣǣʥӵԡԼóԳ֣
Ƥһ̧˲ݾܾԼóҿԲ֣ʹֵ࣬ĻɱˣܵƤˣʱ䲻ܶǿģ޷᲻ᱻʥɱҾ޷֤ˣ
вң
ҡҡͷ
ԵвҲԵɡʵǿѹȣ
һЦ
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ʵǿǿΪΪ
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֮ǰԷܣؿڱ˿û˿Ҫʦȫѹѩޡ
˳
ðɣ
Է˵ôֱӣ̾Ϣһʣǰ˹ȥȻҾͲ˼ˣ
ôҶ֣
һóһЦָһ㣬һӭ
Խﵽ˰벽⣬㲻óڵĽҲ׻ͬǿߣ
οһԪڵС
ţ
ɻ
ͶԷսʱ򣬻ֻԪڣôڿ۷壿
һҹ֮䣬Σ
ڻ۷壬Ҫڵҡֻ·һ
üëһָԻ͵ĽƿնΪ״̴ԷƵʱ򣬽һǶ˸ɢ
ͫһ
˽İ벽⣬֪һָ֮ǰλ֡׶һһƾͽôģ
ɻûͼ˽ǰգ۹ǰ
أ
޴ѹϮɫһ죬Ҫֵȴ˿ֱײһ޴ʯϣؿڷƣһѪ˳
ôʵôôǿ
ҧǲš
ԷΪѹΪΪûѹƣ˰벽⡭ɱܣֱӵ߸ˡ
һǴɣҲš
͵վ𣬲ָǰ˸Բ䣬γһԲȦ
ǧҺ
УΧεĽǰγһ޴ʮס
˽İ벽⣬ܻӺƿеĽܹġ
أǽޣɢܵ͵ڣӵôսһֹ
˿̵ϾǿϣҲնɱ
ǰ벽ʵ
ÿֲ
ƽڽڣ˵޵ˡ
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Χˣȫɫء
Ƕǽޣ֪벽Ŀ£ݺᣬǧͬ޵еĴڡ
꣬Ԫ۷壬εֵס

ȵĿУȫɽ۶ɵĳ˹
ͻ٣գ۹ǰ
ƣһУټӲҲ̱룬
۽ܺǿϾԼģ
ҡҡͷû˿ţ¶ʧ֮ɫָͬһ㡣
ָһĹâҫĳ֮һɢ
ȥ
һ
أ
ٴεɶұڣҳһӣǱ˶棬á
㡢㡭
ɫòҰףԶ꣬ǿֻš
ΪѹΪѹԷ׾٣ζû뵽Էֻһָʹû취֣
ǧУ
𾪵Ĳţͼһŵ˹Ƥһ̧ϴЦ⡣
ȻҾ̾ʵʵڲ˼ڽиԣǣʥӵԡԼóԳ֣
ȫһɫ͸졣
仰ǸղͶԷ˵ģû뵽һֲĻ˻
ɱҡ
ҧ
ʧȥʹûʥӵʸһŬ֮
ɱ㣿ڡ
һЦָһ
أ
̸еͬɽѹ伷ѹұϣʱҪϾ
ס֡
屻ѹıΣҪ˵ȴ
˼ֲһûֵϰߣ
һЦŶˣղ˵ĺܶԡ
ʵǿǿԡΪΪ


1275 ҹ
֨֨
޴ѹ£ͷƺʱѣѾܲסʼ졣
Է⣬ö֣Ȼ鷳ǾͲ˼ˡ
֡Ҹ
оȥֻ·һҧġ죬ǿסҪը壬æ˳
ã
һգ˫ֱվԭء
žણ
ұϵڴڵĴŴ

һһͻأһ˹
ȻﵽƷʥ벽Ľ⣬ٶȱȸղŸ졣
չ涨֮УǲʹñģñǶ֣Ͼͱ̭Ҳܲôˡ
˻
˺ƿۻûѾǰ
ΪȻһնɱʱԷЩε
ҲƢãˣͱˣ
¡
ûӦٴұϣ޴ѹ£ȫҲܲסʮѪͿ
ңԼȡˣ
ţָһָۣз˳ȥԷġ
㡭
ɫǺ죬ż
ʱѾˣָһ㣬Ѿģһ㡣
꣡
ѿ
Ǳ۹ţﻹ治٣͵ðҵĴˡ
ԷɣȻһﲻҪ˻Ҷ֣ǲ˼ۣʵ˵ȥ
ۣ
ԷԼĴָװڴҲûסһѪ
ΪЩʣ֪˶ٴֱۣߣڽȫѪˡ
ﵽƷʥ𣬿ҲҲˣ
ǾԷĻ
ҵĽþѪɣеԣĲ壬Ҳûá
ĽҪߣҧ
ѵĴ۸󣬿Ա֤ģֻҪԼͲᱳѡ
ûͿԼλ˼£̻ȸԾԷǰҡͷβ˵Ĺ
ۣ
ٴѪǾ
ΪԷǸõĲͿ裬ζû뵽һͷصľ
ˣ
ԷĶȡߣٶԸһһɣ߾ʹұϵ
¡
ս£֮ǰٴ쳹졣
飬̭ʣʮһˣ

ãһ˾ͳʥ޹ӵޱȥ
žҲˡ
һ㶣Ȼ
ѹָ֪ž飬׷˹ȴûҵӰӣӦҲǱˡ
⽣⣬иӦΪΡλܹ֪ô˹ӣѵīܿ췢£
׹֡
ֱǧʥءصˣʶҪ֣޷ɣīôģ
϶ǽʲô
һ֮䶯ոշߵʥ޿˹ȥ
һ֮£Ȼ˲һ
ȻǧϷ䡭
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û뵽λīȻҲõˡ
ҲӦҲһǧϷĸ
ĸûа취ҵǧϷߣ
ҡҡͷ
ȻǸԣһֱ˼ӣЩܡ
ЩǧϷ䣬Ȼҵ񣬵ҪߣǺ׵ġ֮ʦͻᷢ֡
ǧϷĸ
⵹ǡüġ
ԷӣȻ˽λߵ״ֱߵĻֲԼټʦпԹ
ɣ취ЩǧϷѱҵͣһ£ǧϷ
ܹѱˡ
۾һ
ѱȻ߸ãԼڶԷУͺһֲˡ
ȥɣ
һĸųٴοǰұڡ
֮ǰལޣۼ֪ʵֲһ㵽һ࣬ҵ
Ҳᣬ뽫ղ۶ɵһ£ͼղŵĺƽٴη˹
ˡʵôǿȥصĻӦܵõУ
أⲻǽ𣿡
ôལǽ𣿴ʲô
ֻǽصΧĽұں桭˵ĴУҲ棡ĺƽ
Ŷ
һ㶣˵һٶһĳڡұں棿
ǣĺƽ¡
ҹȥ
νĽ˴У⣬շϰٱƷʥǴջ
ϰٱƷʥĳºеķ޷սʤôƷʥϣ㲻ÿܣҲ׽ܣ
īпһս
ĺƽζ˼£ֱǰȥƹ޴ұڣ̿һƬǰ
Ӧĳ󷨣ǰĶȫڵסˡ
ȱݣ
һۣʶüëһеͺ

һ鼮Ժ
תͼݣԿȱݡ
ҹ󣬰˼󷨣
鼮еݿ꣬һ¡
ѹνĴУû˵õû뵽ǰ󷨣Ȼﵽ˰˼
ּ󷨣ǿ߲ܲóǱ۹Ӧܹ
ȥ
ûżȥתͷĺƽ
ûȥ˵ӵн˵彣ʹУ
ĺƽ
彣
ţ˵彣˵ѴﵽƷʥ𣬾Ǳʵ۶ҪõϧһֱûܹУȥҲҲ
ĺƽŵ
Ʒʥȭͷһ
ּʥͶﵽʥ򾳣ǿ˼㡣
ءȻı
ǣʵ콣󲿷ֶʥɢЩˣƴоһΪʵҲ̽˵ĽӶõУõ
ĺƽ
ʱˣܶһ
˱ֵһ
Ŀһ˷ܡ
Ʒʥ࣬򣬶˵ôĲƷʥͲһˡ
һīδصס
ּıȥż鷳ȥӭȢأͻӺܶࡣ
ţ
һ
ǣ
ĺƽζ˼£ͣԭء
ԥһΣȥ
ղͼݣ󷨵ȱݣϸ¼ˣǰ˼󷨣˵ҲûܿԣǰУһᣬǰһʧһϪһľݳߡ
ﻹԴ
һ㶣̲סľȥǰ뽫Ż򿪣ȫͻȻһӰһΣһ׿⡣

ղվĵطһ˹ȥƺ̴һڵӡǡ


1276 ħ
ʮǿ֮һȣС׼ףֵһӡ
أǾ衣
ʵҪǰ¶Ҫһ롣
ʲôˣô
֨ѽ
Ŵ򿪣һӰ˳
ǵºеλ
üë
é߳ģǱˣǺбһٶƷʥŹλ
ô
ϵˣʱѾһ룬ɿԿ֮ǰĲ״ĵ̣һ򼡣
ҷУҲҹ򣬽졭ڣ
ŨŨĺ⡣
Ȼ򣬵ֻҪУʦսʦҪĹ涨ΥһﵹáһƻֵüȮˣ
ȥԺǱУʲôʸڵ۹֮ڣ
֪һиԣˣ
ɻ
︴ԣֻī֪ѱĺƽ֪ģǰһˡѲɣѾ֪Լ٣
ʦʦһ𣬱֪١ԷУȴ͵Ϯ˵ʮֿˣ
˾֪ˣ
ü˵һгһٴκХ
Ľֻȴɢ˴̹ǵĺ䣬âδһֹͬԹǻԡ
һͫ
һжԸˣû뵽ԸԼһʱֱУã״̬
ħ
ľϾﵽ25.1ȰƷʦ״ֻ̬άһ˲䣬ѹתãͿȻǰƤЩۣʱ˺ѡ
ȭͷһ亹乡
ҿӦˣȻһ£ؿڱȻƵһ󶴣Ҳʧȥս

һ̤ԭʧٴγһ׿⡣
޽
ܿ˵ڶأ޽ҲӸٶȸ죬ʱȫתͬͻ˿ռƺ˲ߡ
ӣôף
ٴγХ糤˹
âٶףΧһƬڡ
Ȼﵽ˳Ͼ۷塭
ȡ
ѹһձܣ͸鷳ԭѴﵽƷʥ۷壬ȳϾ۷ǿߣ
ʵıעعȽԴҪµĶ࣡
ϣһս
սʱ򣬽ȡҿܻǱӦԣڡ
Էͽʵٻţҡҡͷ
֮ǰǱ˸ֲӦƾʵԷּ˵ʵԶԶ
ħƣ
һһ޴ӡڿУֱȥ
Ի͵ĽâһӴԭرը˺üٻҩҵĳɢ
ҿ֮ڣа˼󷨱ӻ򣬿һ£ղǸұڣΪƽء
⣡
˼Ѫ۾ó졣
һҹһȻǿ
ɼȥԼǶ֣
˵һᡭ
һöҩ̷ڿУڵϢ
ʱ䲻ֱͻ˳Ͼ۷壬ﵽ˰벽򾳡
ǰ˼ҩħ
ɫء
ħ˷ܼЩƣù󣬿ԶʱڵĴߵļޣʵһʱЧԣһҩĸɾΪ𣬶Ҳмˡ
һȻƴҲҪնɱԼ湻ݵģ
ҲԣɱԼӳȥƾ͵Ϯʦһʦþͻ֣ɱĿܣ
۴һٴۣ뽫Լնɱûκɡ
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һһץһٶͷܳǰ
ͲǽˣԷɱǰˣȻԴĵͻˣٶ֡
ҩҪһʱ䣬ǡͳڣȽſ˵
ڰ˼ڣĸǿ˼ԼǧϷ䣬ī˲֪ҲͲȡʸ

һٶͷܣһ˹
һϢӿꡣ
һȫİ벽ǿ߶ŰŰȥԷʵܲҲ϶ⲻס
֪ЩѵΪû
Цһָ͵һ˳
ڿУܳķڡ
׼˼̣һö١
һ£۾ˡ
ǺеķЩ۵Ķٰ
Ȳ˵ħж󣬵˵׼˼̣ͼֵƣǧԪƷʯ
ּ̣һһȫǿ߶бʱ޷ѡѹдţҵҩ
Աûǿڱס󣬻ֱʧȥսѾ֪ԼôܣӦԡ
ܺãһЩ۷ʦûκΰ취˵£
кȱݣͼһһ鼮Ժָһ㣬̵ȱݣͳ˼֮С
ȥ
üëٴָһ̧
һٶ֮Уֻһ󡰶죬նĳĽṹˮɢ
󷨡ˣ

ָһžͿһо˹һץٴ˼£Ȼ
¡
ٶȺܿ죬ǵ˼ʱ䣬Ȼ׽ħ˵ҲȶͬһͷľޣʱὫ˺ѡ
Ϣֲ֮֮ǰĺҪ£
λҲٺȭ
۾Ǿ衣
ϢԿһȻҲμӹ̨⾭ɱܶˡ
ȻŨɷ
ѹ֪ԼʦҶ֡Ų֪ѪʦľηȻҲûôǿˡ
׼˼̣ôƽ⣬ȷǡֶΣ
ҧŨҵĺ⣬ͬ쫷ϯٴγ˻͵¡
˻
벽򾳵ʵϳϾ۷弶ıҪ˺ƿռ䣬Ӳ顣
ƾһУһʵһȫҪǿ
һȫʦΪݣʵս鲢࣬ôܺͺΪеķһʦնɱ֪٣
ûЩۺ䣬ԶԶ磬ȻսҲͱȲˡ
ǿ
¶֮ɫ
ּǿ߶սûˡգ
һץܺͳսָ
ЩܣֻǳϾڡڵʵּĹͿⲻסţֻὫϡ
Ҳһ

ջƷǰһ㣬һֱΪһҵĹȦ֡
ܿ飬ڶأ
ܵΣգڷӳԼǿս


1277 
һ֣ͬΧγһ̵Ŀף˿
ʱԷĽâΧ
̣
˱飬âٶȾܵ谭ɻǰ
򣬲޵УܷΧɺѼ֡
׹
ոγɣýԴԹֻǣһֻгϾڵʵҲó׾ͱסڼ磬˷ħҽϾ۷峤Щⲻסˡ
谭ĽҲ첻˺ˣ
Щֵס赲Ҫ˺ԼҲȻ
һߣһ

ǰĽʱɢ
龡赲סȵܹ¶ȣǰС
ԷĽ˫谭йͱһûκв
㹥ˣҲһ
ƶԷĽһΡ

¿ϰ׵ľ룬˲ڶԷһȭ
Ǻӵת͵ֱѹ
ڵ㲻ʹܿڶأҲȰ벽򾳣ȭһȫԿ⣬οԷ
ɶ񡭡
û뵽õҩʩչȫԷֵܹɫתҸ´˹
ÿķӦٶȡ
һݡ
֮ǰΪԷʵȻʧȥǣնɱû뵽սӦٶȣ湻ġ
Ǵȭģս֮У±Ҳһת
ͺڣԼȭͷǰܻû˵Էȱ̴һ
ҲսͿ˭һɣ
еѪ̱
һֱսһ룬ȱݣѹصսûô
˿̶ԷӦô죬ʵ£̼˺ʤ֮ġ
ȭΪƣǰȥ
϶ܹУһУŽǰ
أ
ָڶԷ󱳣ֻȫһ飬ۣһ³Ѫ
ǰһ壬˴󲿷æת뷴̾ëȻٶȿ죬λٶȸ졣
Ȼҩһ㣬ıϣת˦
ù
гͣ󼲴̣γһȦ̲סȻ
µһݣμӹκеսҲùٹĳƺսˣ
ͬ𣬾սʦδǶ֡
ǰλΪôһأؼ˷ħɱѪ
δ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ɱ㲻ףɱңҲûô򵥡
йâһųͣ󼲴̣˷һ㡣
ಣ
ٵâӱ˳ȥͬꡣ
滨룡
̨ʤܣսǿ׺ݣҪǣɱֶΣ
滨룬ɱﵣÿһϸ룬ƣ״̴벽Ͼǿߵļ̺綾һմϣ̱
±ɱǿߣ֪١

弱ǰ壬ڰ˶Է׷ϣתԶ꣬ͫ׶Ȼһ
ͼԷΧĹâٴ˸ϸ룬Ѿģƺʮֺ棬һİ档
Լ
ľٶȭͷ˷ܵǼ
ϸϵľ綾Ѱ۷嶾ʦƶɣô壬Ƥ֮һӴͻж
ԷȻŰ桭ֱǻζˣ
ΪԷȻжʱᵹصʱ򣬾ͼ꿴˹һʧҡҡͷ
ⶾƵˮƽ̫ͣƱƭˣ˻ԣû취˶
˵һ⡣
֪жͫһ
ǶʦƵľ綾ɫζ˸Էֻһϸͷ֡ôģ
ԵĶٿҲûˡ
̾Ϣһһץסϸ룬ǰ̡
Ȼûרַսʦ似ͷһЩϸѣʮּ򵥡
أ
ļӳ£ϸٶͬ磬գ۹ǰ
֪жӲӣеĳһǰһԲ

Ǳ۹еķϵʮٴﵽϽĵľ磬ҫϸȫ棬˵ϡ
ҵİңΡ
ϸɢһߣû漴еǰһѾǰһƳ˹
̳ͬʱȻں棬ٴ
㡭ɫ࣬һҪȻˡ
ž
һʹ̵ɶһ³һѪݵһء
ԷһƣþȫҪ·˵ҩΪԴȻը
ˣɾһѣΣʱʡ
ɶ񡭡
ץ
˴󼸰꣬ԿΣȻһ˵ϣǿҵУҪը
Ҫ
ڣϾҪûͼ¶ζЦ⡣
ȰڲҪҪתȻĻһЩ
ʲô˼Է޿֣۾
ûʲô˼ղųʱ˳㽫嵽ˡ
Ƶᡣ
룿һŷԼϣ֪ʱϸ룬Ϊ̫ݣûδ
ҩ
ϸγæһȡһöҩſȥ
ϸ綾ۼϾ۷ܲסͻȻõҩʵ˾޴־綾ǰҲֳʮ롣
ڷýҩȻܹһû綾ϮֶʱԣȫʢڶҵĶ֣ʱεס
һЦ˹Ʒһѹ
꣡
޴ֻȫĹһ˲ѣֱͦͦſ˵ϡ
Է˵ĲȫʢڶǶ֣ڸо綾ôֵܵ
ʲôѾóɣֻ㣬ɱңЩЦ𣿡
ѹڵϣãһȻĿ
ºеʱ򣬶Ѿ֣Է֪ԼϰͷܺͳȻ͵ϮҪɱֻƾһöҩһδ߯Щ
ʦȻܻ
ٴ³Ѫϻָ֮ɫ󶶶ƿնȥֱԶĺ˽ȥ
Ѿ㣬ˡ
ţͿǰĺ̷
һɾ޴ϣͬһһߴӷˮУ̤
һϿУ
ѹּҪɱ㣬ȻͬѰ
һЦĿһңˡ

ָһâХ¡


1278 
⣬ͬǣһ־ͽռᣬԷ
򾳳ڣ
ͫâСһ
û뵽ϪˮеߣȻǿߣҪǿ
Ҫǡ
ԽȻ޼ﵽ˰벽ĵز
ʵǿԽ⣬
˵ʵͨ򾳳ڣѿ⣡
˻
УâѾǰԼһ׷Χ
꣡
Ǳпţһӣâûκ谭ͣЪǰ
ͣס
ͬʱһӭ
أ
ɨ֮£һףɶײһŴϡ
ԷһУԼʩչȫó򣬾Ȼûס
ѹּ綼Ƕ֣ԭѾΡԪ۷壬㣬Ȼǳţ
һδԷնɱֻˣϪˮеߣһЦ۾øɱ㲻ˣ
ţȻһĴУȻ֣Ǿͱɱûκκ·ԡ
ֻ
˭
վҧ
ɣҲ޷£棬λеķҵܵܣ齣磡
߼
棿
ҡͷ
Ǳ۹Ҳһʱ䣬֡δ
ãȥˣ
ԼЦ˵ϻٴָ˸âһ̶
бȸղŸӿ¡
ûǰ󷨲ͣ˼󷨣Щⲻס
ûýһʹñжǿ
ɫ࣬Ӳӣһһ̳ڿС
֮ǰӳǸ
¡
ΣסԷǽԼ֣ӰһΣȻʧȥټ
̣ܹסˣȻҲػԼö޴ӲʱڣҲټ
Ǳеıˡ
һ˴ⲿ󣬸ףУͺ񱻹ؽӣҲӲ
ҿܶ˶ã
ЦУڿǰһɢϣǿ쵶иճ⣬գ۹γɵ̱룬Ѻ£
һۣ֪̣ǳ׷ˡ
̻󷨣Ƴķһ֪ԭҵ©šڶƽ⡣
ֻ׼ǣסϾ۷Ͱ벽򾳻򾳶һ˰벽ĳǿߣвˣ
һ򷨣
ֻҪʵ㹻ˣԵһ֮
ڵļˡ
ֶٶ࣬Ҳʩչ
룬ٴκɨ
꣡һɢһն̵ڵϣϾɵĹǡ
û󷨵أӰٴγڶǰ
̶̼һȻһ·Ҫǣ˵ϢøдĿһеӣ·شҲϴ
Ҫòûиı䣬ǲǻ˸ˡ
ʵǰ·ʶûãֻҪʵһжȻ
һڳЩЦһüëٴε˳
˻
ٴαֿâٶ
ɫȻҲ򲻹ԽԽˡ
һҡҡͷҲͻȻһΡ
أ
գ۹ԭʧһ̣ѾڿС

ȭͷһֱȭ
뷴
û뵽ղŻһ֮еļһȻ뷴Ŀһٴκ
ȭͷĹһ󼤵󷨶Ĳͣζ
Ľڵϴ̳һӡ
ţ
鲻Խĺ˼һ㶡
ղһʩչǸĶûסô˼·˸ƵģȭӲסԼĽ
ңȭͷļӲ̶ȡȻҪ
Ҳţһ˵Ϊô죬һĳַ
ָһǰĽգ۹նΡΡĽ纣
ǧ潣
ǿľ֮һֻС
˻
ֱ˹ֺ֮ߣͬռ˺ѡ
Сֵһӣ
üëһǰһһն¡
ͬһƣȸղǿ֮࣬ķɵĲӬû˿ֵ֮
סԷĽٴλζȻڼ棬һȭ
أ
ûüֵ͸еһɽӿؿһƣɫףಣĵɶ
ڵײҳһ޴ӣ
ôôǿ
һ˵ļ۾Բ
һղŻôգ۹򣬱ôˣ
棬˽İ벽⣬ΪǴﵽ򾳳ڣǱ۹ķΧǿߣȻһȭӲס
һֻԪ۷壿
ɶ񣡡
ӿٴηɳû˸ղŵţ෴ܻ
ΪɿԽնɱζû뵽˼·ôǿ
ɶ߹ѣҽնɱ
ķŭһЦٴ̤
βȭͷҲƣǽգֱ˹
㡭
գ۹򣬼͸оضֶݡ
ԷһţȻûκ似Ҳû̫ļɣʵ̫ˣǿ󵽸
ɶ񣡡
ȫѨ򿪣ӿգ۹ΧγһԲȦ
似潣꣡
ǾԵػһʩչγԲһ㣬˱Уܵ˺
꣡
Բһʱˡ֨ѽʱѡ
࣬ҧ֡
ߣ
üë𣬽ϵٴӡ
¡
ҲܲסԲȦը
ۣ
һѪٴεɣˤڵϣѪɫ
ˮƽҲɱң
߷ɶԷٴݴ˫ֱͬܵս
ҡ
ȭͷ˼
һʵ̫ǿˡ
ȻûҲûʩչʲô似̫һ㣬սȥɣ
һﵽ˸ʲôĴڣ
ҧЩڡ
֪ͲӦ磬ˡ
ΪֻǸСϺףʱζû뵽һͷⲻס
ƾҵʵᱻȻˣֻˡ
ͣסΣɫأͻȻָһ㣬Ѫ
ϪˮϿգ߶ʱѿһѷ졣
̣
ѪԽԽ࣬ɫҲЩףͷϵͷӸղŵڣûףգ۹ȫףҲ࣬ΪѪʣ˥ܡ
｣ˣЩ꣬ҲѼ㹩ѪɡѵҪһֱ
һ
¡¡
һζϪˮϷڣػΧҹھ޴ĳ£ƺʱ
ʲô
ͫһ


1279 ķƶ
ǰĳʵ̫ˡ
ҹ󣬾Ҳֻܸȱݣ֮ƽ⣬ڣȻҪϪˮ·Ȼ
˻
𾪣һֱͥҪ룬ػΧ󷨣ĳ£̴̱һ󶴡
Ľ⣬˳Ŷڣϳȥɢҫ۵ĹâγһصĲʺ硣
֨֨
ʺ磬̸еĽ⣬ѹƣʩչĸо
ţٴηһʺɫʯ̨Ϫˮѷ֮лֳһ뻹Զ͸еĽͣ˺ƺҪѹɷĩ
ǡƷʥ
ȭͷһɫ̱ˣ
ǿϢҹûסǷųĽ⣬ֻһֿܡ
ȻƷʥﵽƷ
Ҳֻּ𣬲˼󷨣ֵסη֮ģҿ⡣
ǽ˵Ǳ彣
֣һһģһġ֣ɫء
ղսģʹŹģȻǷڳģ
֮ǰǶ̵֣ʱ򣬾÷ˡ
Ȼɾͽѹֻζû뵽һȻеƣ
Ӧþ½صλ˵彣
ѵѾλˣ
˵ﵽĽ⣬ʸҳҵõ˵ĴСô˵Ļˣ
Уζһ£ͬӣ̴顣
ﵽƷʥնɱԪ˾ʧأһľпֿܵסܵӰ졣
ǰֻ˵Сնɱλλ
ҧݣһָ漴ɫһ
ղֻһôգ۹򣬱ˣ
ɱˣ
ʯ̨ϵĳƺ˹̸еһζѣʱȫ亹ֱ


ţЩ꣬ҳ˲ٶȻ϶һֱ˯飬Ҽˡһ˶ѣɱ˾ǣó㣬Щ򣬵⽣⣬ٺ飡
ʯ̨ϵĳζһ£纣ȫڣƺֻҪһͿնɱ
лǰ
˿ĿԶ꣬Ũҵĺ⡣
׽һնɱƾ׼｣Ϳ֮£ϵúøСõҲпܵģ
ڣֻֽɱ˵
һģһҪɱĸ
ĳϾҪ֣ɻ
ĸ
Ҳüüͷ
Ҳ֣λʦֻһôͻȻòʣһģһֺ
Ǽٵģģ
Ǽٵģģ
ͬʱָԷһģŭĿӡ
⡭
һͬһ㣬ôֲԭء

߽˵彣̴󷨣ϪˮгʱҲըһࡣ
ʯںལޣһͣסоеĽ
ǽ˵彣Ҳ˵м
ô꣬ǵ죬ȥ
˭õҪ
˭Ҿɱ
˵۾ȫˡ
Ｘ꣬һΪԼԽԽԽߣҪľǵȴ˵彣ûôУ
Ȼ϶뿪ˣһֱػԹ޻ڡ
ˣݺ۹ΧܵУõĴУʵȻͻƳϾ򾳣̫ѣ
һǸղŽȥǸ꣬ȥ
֪˭˳ٹ˲оҴ򽣳ķ˹
ղλɽ벽ܣ߽ȥʮӣƿն˵϶ó˷ӡ
г˭õԷʵǿҲ
ܿ죬󷨸ǰ
ʱҹ󣬱̴Ѿƻ˽ṹ᧿Σʱѡ
ǰҪȥڣɾɡ
ȱæǼһʵҲˣͬѰԿĻ϶Ƕֿ֡⣡
һסˣ
ֲлᣡ˸͡
ãǿ֣õ˴ô죿
ʵ
ദôã֪֪ף֣еõ˵ʱһо
ߵ
ãˢˢӦһ
˵ĴУǸܹоˣҲһֱǻʯڸǰûͻơ
˵˽̣Ҳ֪϶޷ųȥ
ߣ
ĿĴһ£ˢˢ˽ȥ

ڵϣսһ衣
Ǭʶˣ֪֪ףܹҵ϶ҲԪ𣬵ʱһᱻ̭ҿ֡
һ꿪ڵģʽϤλ֡
˵ĲսҵȷԪˣֻ̭13ˣֻʣʮȫֶԸˣûҪһ
֡Ǭ΢΢һЦ
ǺãǾһʦԼ໥֣̭ͬˡ
˵ͷ
ʦ˼ݣʦԼΥ
á
˵ͷǬһЦ˵͸еΧһζžͿһɽ⣬ֱͥ
б
ͬʱ۾һ
Ƕǵ۹Χڵţʶ㣬֪ʱ
˵Ǳ۹һأвŲ֪ʥδ֪и֣ǰ̽飬ʦóָߣ˵Ǳ۹ĻԵнһֱΪֻǸ˵ѵģڵĵ죬Ȼǽڵأ
ȭͷȻǬʲôǼ
Ǳ۹صǶû뵽ԾȻؼǱϢǿңҲ˵һֱû˼ıȻ
˵ĻܹõʵȻʥӵֵط϶Ҳܳͷأո¶ͷǡ
ȥ
˵ͷҲ԰˷ܡ
ȱæô춯϶˶ˣʱҶ֣ȻһЭȻǱ˲ռƣλ
סҪȥˣǬһ£
ﲻʹñÿܣͬǿˣֻҪǲѹΪѹ
ֲΪȻ
һֻͬ޵УʵǱȣǲһء
ʲô
ʦҪǲÿܣǱﵱǰ˭ܿƵס˵ֻҪÿܰǵ棬ԼռＴɣҲƻҲΥ涨
Ǭ
⡭
ס
īʦֻ˵ֻǣȷΥ档
˵ô죿
ͣһ£֪ƾǵʵЩܵĶ֣ʵ
ܼ򵥡ҵ˼ǡֱֳȥͷſܣȽܣҴˣ϶ܱⲻ鷳
ĿһǬ


1280 
ֱӳȥֺλ˼
ǵʵһ֣ӡΪ޷ų̫ѣֻҪɹͲõˣʱõƾԵǿΣ
Ǭһ顣
λȷǴ鷳˵ĶԣȽƷܵõ綼Ȳϣ
Ҳ˵ͷ
ȻӦǾʦԼΥѣǬͷ
ã
ͬʱͷ
ܿ죬ԼɣǬ˿ķӶȥ
ϵ󷨣ܺ˶Ǿţ˶󣬺ܿҵ׼ȷλʯڸǰ
ƹʯڣǰǰһƬ
ŷ֣ǰԵʣ¶ʮˣҲȫǰ
ٽнΣ
ǬԼ֮ǰ뷨˵һ¡
ãͬ⡣

ĸ棬ĸǼ١ȫɱ˾ǣ
ֱ˰죬ϲĸ缱æ
ǰ֣һɱˡ汧ȭ
һʹ޷֣ˣðһ϶ֿס
ɱˣҲǲԣ｣ıٸһʯ̨ϵĳ˸
⡭
Ƥһ顣
ͨƷʥǱ۹ҵѣ｣ּģͺͷëһ㣬Ѱˡ
ȻҲΪһӦ֡
ǰּ֪ʥ࣬ʱ䣬һܹѰõǰ뾡ɱȻ鷳󡭡
ͣһ£æ
δ䣬Զ꣬Դӵ𣺡˵˵ȥóʥ£
˵⻰һǰһг˱ߣǰ֪ΪҪɱңΪ洫ʥҼҳ֪Žɱڣ
ʥ
˭ʥˣҵʯòá
û뵽ʱͻȻ廰桢ͬʱһ㶣ĿҪը
ҪҪˣ
Ǻ£Ķ
ʥʲô𣿡
ʯ̨ϵĳ˻ӣһռ䣬üͣס˻
ǰǰ벽򼶱𣬾ûﵽƷȴҲԶˡڳңұģ
ղ˵æ
벽򾳵ʥʯ̨ϵĳһݺᣬƺŭ⡣
ǰ˵ʲôʱˣ˵һɢޣʸӵôı
ż
ԣԸ񶼱ȽϵĽӰ
ˣ｣ְæùϵ
Ϊദ˼꣬Ȼ䵱ѣζû뵽ǰһ仰ƭ
˭˵ɢޣʥżҵţǰţԿҵѪҺ
üëһָһһѪ˳ȥ
ʥŷĺˣӵʥ˵ַܹͷųʥʯ̨ϵĳƺ֪ʲôζһ¡
أ
ѪҺϣһʥʱ
ȻʮϡԺԲƣȷʵʥŷѪ
Ӧһ
⡭
彩ֱ
ѶϢ֮Уֻ˵λǴԴ۹Сɶʱʥżҵˣ
֪ʥŷйأҲҶְ
ǰһſڿӡôĳҪõϿɣԽ򼫸߲УһóƷȭϾһЩҲܴﵽշ벽򾳳ĵز
Էҡ
ͼ涼Ƕֻ֣ܿ˵彣ı֣һ汻Էƻ󣬻ŶԷʥŷĺ󱲣Ŀ϶ǣ
֮ǰǰλ֣óǵȭƷԼûôù
飬أ£óģý
ֻҪץס㣬ȷԷշƷʥ۷弶ıͿ֤ղŵĻ˵ѣ
Ȼ⻰ʯ̨ϵĳòãó
һһóȻΪ䲻ϲ
ǰ˵ǽޣóľǽԽȻﵽϽĵľ磬ô
ָһ㡣

һƿնҫܡ
⾫ȻѴﵽϽĵľ磬벽⣬Ҳ޼
㡭
ͼȫס
һղſϰٱƽ̣ǶˣΪõǵôת۱ɽˣҽ˾
Ƕй֮޲
ͨϢȣʵԽȰ־磡ʯ̨ϵĳζһ£Ե̾
⡭
桢ͬʱ彩ֱ
һѾЩ͡ôɱ
Ϊ˿꣬óıԼֵ֮󣬳ԪƷʯԼԽ⣬Ǵﵽ˰벽⣬ôãûõϿɡΪΣһֻϽģ
治š
ߵĳѱЩƣҪˮʯĹϿԼ
Ϊ˽ӽһ˱ľûõԷֻ˵˼仰޲ڡɶʱͨˣ
ĻԼҲڣô꣬ûκνչˣ
һħʦڣ
ɻ󣬼缱æ
ԷУյ͹ƻԳıԣ϶ͽˡ
ɶ񣡡
Էһ˵Ҳ׹ĿһĶ¡
ǰҪͺ
żļæǰ
죡
۾𣺡ǰˣɱҵҪԭΪҳ˽µġ֣Խ⣬ҪͻƵ⣡±ҳԲһֱ붯֡
ˡ֣⻰棿
ʯ̨ϵĳһæʵ
Ȼģ˵ͷ֣һһһ̺һֽϣɣûκιϵкܶˣҲǽ˵ĸ֮ʵѽһֽںһ𣬴һµĽǰ֪˵ĶԲԣ
˵ȥ
æ
׽Ȼ֮û֣һܹƲһЩӦͳٱû´˵׽ӦúĳֽйأҪ׼ʩչǰ򣡡
ŵ
ʯϣ¼˲֪˵ǻۣͨͼݣҳȷȻͨԽ⣬ܽЩѣ
˵Ĳ
ʯ̨ϵĳӦһٴοǰ꣬ԽԽ⡣
ܵƾһЩʹȻǿ󵽿£
ЩԼѳ˶Էˡ
ղ˵ҪͻƵ⡭֪Ҫãʮꣿʮꣿһꣿ
ղŶԷĻ̲ס
ԷԽôٴﵽ⣬ȫ˺ߴеҪ
Ҫôʱ䡭
۾Եһᡭӣ


1281 
ӣ
ʯ̨ϵĳ̲סһ㶡
⣬ǶԽ߾磬ô״ﵽģûмʮĻۣɡ
㵱ĽˣҲ˲һ꣬ŵԳɹ
ǰλʮ꣬ϽѾܿˡ
Ȼ˵ԵӣͻƵ⡭
ôܣ
ǰ˵϶ʱ䣬֣³ʲôʡ
鷢չķѾʼܿأż
ҽٻ˺ѵġΪܲ΢ҵ㣿
죡
ȡ
ˣ
滹ûӦ͸еһĽֱ˹
أ
ɫһ죬һѪ˳˵ɶؿڳһѪۣɲ
վ彩ֱɫס
һֱֻ֪Ʒʥﵽʲô𣬲֪飬ܵϮףʵĻҪµö࣡
һû˿֮ɱˡ϶ֵס
ٸҷϻŲھŪ㣿
ߡ
Ҳѹ
䣬Ҫ룬
һǸִ壻ڶԽﵽĵز
ֻʯ̨󺣣Щ֪꣬ţϧûһ
Զλ棬˵Ǽǧӽģǣ޷ͻ⡭
ҪλʦͲüȥˣȻ˵ƻ
ǰ
뵽ĸ飬ȻȲ϶Է仰Ķ£̲סʹʦںħƻ󣬴Ĳ
ƻ󣿡
ǣǰһ£⣬ѣţһأǽˣҲûô׾ͻưɣ
ģϽģ벽ⶼﲻôܼӣͻƵĵزǹӣҪƭ㣬ķ
⡭
ɡ
Է˵Ĳ⣬ô׾ʹﵽҲںųƽżˣ
꣬ݺ۹ˣ֪ýĸ֣£Ϊý⣬ﵽĵز
⣬ʦ
һʮСһܹͻƣ
һƶˣ϶ʲôУھɱˡ
ͣ٣֪Щ⶯æﻹûͻȻȫһž͸еһֺޱȵĽֱ񷡣
¡
ڣһգ۹ˢˢԶ˹߻ۣγ쫷硣
ǡ
ܵԼĽ⣬ѹƵ޷˶ЩֱݷףԴӲ壬⴫ķ˹ȥ
漴Ϳղ˵꣬˫۽գȴǱһʱƿնɱ
ˣ
ƿշܣڵϣ˾
򽣳ڡǽ⣿
һףζ¡
˵꣬ԷĳЩ϶޷ͻƣͳ˶ÿҪˡ
߰ǰʹﵽ˰벽⣬ʱ䣬һֱо޷ͻƣԷֻ۾˼ӣʹﵽ
ǿҪ
ò˼顣
˽⣿ˡ
ͫǿֻš
Ϊ˵彣ֱӳ֣Ĩɱû뵽̬ں߸ֱͻơŪãɱ
Ҳ˵ǽΣգ
ӣ
ʶ㣬ٲͣǿסϵʹһҧתȥ
ʱ򣬾Ǳ·߼ټ飬Ҫӳ̫ѡ

ӳûԶͻȻһž͸е°Լǰ˳ȥ
תͷȥͼջ̴ָԼĽǴָ
Щæתʯ̨ǰǱһƻ󣬲Ŷʦ֣ʵҲ֪Ҷδȥˣδ桭
㡭
žણ
ϰڵϣѪӿ۾ɵùԲֱţԼֳԳֽնɱ
죬Ҫʦͻƣ
ƺɱˣû˿һȡ
ǣ
˵氲Ĵԭء
ˣ̬ܿȣ˶Է꣬βף
ҪҪ󣬾򽣵⣬ԷȻﵽղŸһ˵˽˼ֻʱ⡣
һɣûˣԡϣնɱ˼磬Ʋϵ
ǰʦɱοֵܣ
ߵ飬ᣬзػ˿Ѿȫģ֮ǰѼ֮С
׽˵Ǽ˷ŵ۹Χڣ۹ýֵǻۣһѧϰ˵Ԫƺһƥʱնأӳ̾˵
Ԫ񳤽γɺƺʵ͵Ľ˼ǿƿһͿԽơ
ȻֻǳĿƣԳҶԸԼҪƿأҪ
ˣҲܿˣ
ӵͬʵĽޣԷû취սʤ
ԽһУǽ⡭ýĻսȭƷ֮ǿӽһ
۾գܵʣԼʵȷжϡ
ǽ⣬ˣʵǲܻܷˣ
һ뷨ͻȻð˳
ˡǲŰˣ
ҡҡͷ
ͷܳһ壬Էƾ̥ʵԶÿξýȥսͷֶԷøǿ󡭡
Ҳһ
Լ˽⣬һͨʵϾ͵ڶԷҲˣδĹ
Ҫ֣󣬿϶ᱻٴͷޱȡ
۾
漴һٶƷʥĳڲԶһǲ
ѹ֮ǰĺƽ˾ηԭˡ
⣬ΪĺƽΪβˡ
ĨɱԷԣβη壿
ʦϲͻơҲ˼С˵Ĺƻ󣬲õԭ£
һתͷȥͼڲԶǿֻš
֮ǰͲǶ֣ʯ̨ϵĳƫģټƿôʥɱһ֮ˡ
ԭ£
üŷ֣Ȼɱתͷ˷һۣ꽻ô£üëһ塣
ֵܶܲɱȻûԣû¡
һ䣬һԶʯ̨
ʦ
Ǽ
һֱӡˣôãܴ󲿷ֶڳ˯ܹ뿪϶ҲԸ¡
ʦн˵ĴУҪ㽫Ҵʯ̨ϰγ֡
һݹ
γ
ŷ֣ʯ̨м䣬·ʲôסˣһܶ
ʵôǿ޷ѡ
㶼Ѳˣҡΰεĳ
ɻ̲סʵ


1282 Ҳѧ
ǽֻ˽ĽޣʸӴƿӡҰγβҲ֪顭
ԴΡ
ţӡ󣬾һֱ˯ֻ֪Ҫʯ̨Ͻ򡰽ֵ壬ҵνĴˣνγ֪顣
֪飿
ҡҡͷ԰ɣ
ٴﵽƷʥкܴܹΪãȻܾ
һΣǰסֱ
һ㣬˿
üͷȥ
ȻǸ칤Ʒѹ֡
һɽҲװ𣬴˿ȴһͨʯ̨û취ԭܣķķӡҪһ칤أһҧϣûⷽܿ
ȻҪ򽣵ܵõУҪνҲͬҪ󡭡
Ʋһ£˫ս۾𣬸ոĽ⣬ʱγһ⣬ڻת
¡
ĳֶһһʯ̨ܣӿ˳һĽ̶Χ֡
ͬӡоԼʶ̱նϣҲ棬ͬˣҲԼ
üͷһ壬ſͿǰۣ𽥱һߡ
ģЩͬһŷ֮⣬ʱƲ񷡣
ˣ
Ծ衣
ܶԷɽۣ̺ǰʮǿ󣬾ĿǰʵҲԿ⡣
Ϸ棬˳ƽˣܽµѾ˽⣬ʸҵĴˡ
˫ֱںڵ˫֮䣬ʣƺնһС
¹򣬰ΪʦԼƽʯ̨ӡķ
ʦü
ҴУҶݣȻҪΪʦ
дŲɵϷһƺһһ죬Ǿ춯ص似۹ˣɵãڴˣôܣ㴫ˣ
һĸ֣Ҫ´УҪӵƷԣʱȻֲס޷ؿֻּʯ̨ӡС
Ȼ޷ˣҪѧĹʦǱġ
ʦͽ֣ηĴУ
㻨Ѫҵ֣ᣬ˽⣬أҵĴĶѾ˰ɣʦ֮󣬲⴫ὫԽ⣬ڣֻҪúѧڣΪ۹˶⽣ʦ⣡
д԰
ĽӵоԵš
ԷǧܹĹоԼġ֣ȻõС
ȻˣλʦģҲҪӵоԵȨݡ
Ҫ㡣
ڣųΪ۹˵Ķ⽣ʦ̫ˣµȲ
Ϊѣҡҡͷ
ʮǰΪʦ̥
Ҫ·ǰӵа۷ʦߵʵܽشʧܵġнȳ
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Ȳʲô˼
۾𣬿еĽʱ̵ÿ֮ǾҵĽ̫£ûųɹ԰ҡֵĺ壬˵ԲܷӣֻҪ棬ϵĻɹȻ֣ʱԽ̣ԾԽߣɵļҲԽ󣡡
ֵĿĺܼ򵥣һ˵ԡ
ûԣؼҲ޷ɹ
ˣʱԽ̣˵ҲԽ졣
ҿ䲻Ӧòҡֵʱ䲻ɣ˵ʮꡭĻὫﵽϣɷ˵һ¡˶ã

ͷϸһ£Ӧиʮɣ
ұϵ壬ֻɨһۣ¼˵עˣϸ㣬ȫʱһӦиӵʱ䡭
ֱ˵̫ˣߣʮ
ʮ룿
һ㶣콣ζƺʱ˵ֻ˼ʮ룬ͿֵĿĺ壿
ǰ飬ֻһ֣ȴ̺һֽһֲͬĽ⣬µĲӦһֽĴУõںôལ⡣
ЦЦ˼άǺܺôĦģ
㡭ʮӣͿԿôལ
ƺûӾ߳ǲš
Ƭ̺ʲôüͷһ壬¶һ˿ãССͣȻͶȡɡ˵㿴ֵĺ壬ҾͿ㣡ܿţԷ飡
µĽ⣬ʮޣͬĽʦһνӴҲᷢ£㲻嵽ô£ǰλ˵ʮͿͶȡɣͲԼ
ңãͷ
ʩչУ㿴ֽ̺⽣
һ䣬Ҳкζ̸еһɱӿ
̧ͷ۾ȥ̿һƬĺһµ磬ˮ仯ƲԹ޴Խ
ɿҸղŵֽ̺
Щٴο
⡭
ҡҡͷû
ԵĽ⣬Ͷȡɣǲá
ղʩչĽ⣬飬򵥵Ķ࣬ûԷ˵ʮ͸㶮ĺ壬̽Ҵ
ûֽ̺ȴʮ߸©
һЦ
ܹ⡰֣Ϊȱע⣬Ļûмʱ䣬϶ҲˣԷĽ˸ô죬ﵽ˽⣬Ҳǲֻһۣġ
ΪҪ
֪ȱݾͺˡ
ʮߴ©ſڴƻƣ
ݷڡ
һղŵĽ⣬ۻ룬ȴŲ֮⣬ûӦһ˵ľУҪѣҲ˵ƺܺã㣡
ڶУŹԪĽ⣬ȷӲ٣ʩչߵľҪܴһ㣬ǵܽˣܻᱻã

ġ

ʮߣɢգһпɱˣȴݱʮֱ仯㣬ǡ
ҡҡͷĿ֪˵Щɷȷ
㡢㡭
Էտʼ˵ʱΪȻ˵Խ࣬˵ɫԽף˵һʱѾȫȫ˵
ΪʦԼʩչĽУк⣬֪һЩġԷֻһۣȫھ˵ıλ߶ϸ
ôģ
ԣѧϰȻܿܳɹ
𾪹ŨŨĿϲ˫۷Ź⣬Ҳ̲סʦڽ̾Ϣ
ʩչĽô©϶Ҳ˵ˣԼŰɣҲѧˣ
ţ
˴ԭء


1283 
˵ѧ˲֪٣ˣΪ˱˵ʵԷҲǺؼġ
㴫УԷȻѧһ
ǿҵƣؿڷơ
Ͳѧˣãܷߣ

Է˵ĺܺãͨղŵĽ⣬֪ӵкܶȱݣѧֽȥѼЩͨУγ
죬ǿؼǣѧ
ϰˣȻΪѧЩΪ顣
齣ķ칤ʯ̨ϵģѧϰҴﵽһ磬ܽȡ
ѧü
ʯ̨ϵĳýӡֻҴﵽһ磬֮ܽȡߣĿľΪܽ¡
ѧ뽫ȡߣ
һ䣬˵ЩʲôöԷʦͼǰڵһ£Ȼʯ̨ĸһš
꣡
һת𣬽Žٴڵһ̤

ʯ̨ϲŵĳԷС
㡭㽫ӡ칤ʯ̨ˣ
һΣ˲ûڵĽը
˵ԷҪѧϰܽȡ¡ǹ̨ܹ
ؼǡʯ̨ͷӡ˲֪ѪҪǿƿȡ߶һ˼ţ͵Գɹ
ֻԼСڶԷǰװģ˼ȴں
㲼õķӡ칤̨Ȼȱ̫ˡ
ûԷ̬ȣЦЦеĳ
ͨڣâҲû˿ĽһЩûɶ𣬵в֪жֲ
ߣûϰһӣͷųʵ
ھܲȫӳʮ֮һҲնɱ򾳳ǿߣ
£
ˣ
ĵ齣һһζƺѡ
ţ
üëһ塣
齣ýŴﵽѧϰҵĽܽġû취ǿʥ˵Ҳûá
˵
ִ죬ýɣ̺˶Ҳûôˡ
ʵ㣡
δ䣬ǳһžͿָڽϵ˼¡
꣡꣡
һ죬ɪɪæֹͣ˻ζݵڵء
ˣ
ţһָſǰĽˣһɻ󣺡˵ʲôûע
ŸܳˣûԷ˵Щʲô
ûûʲô
һ飬˽γɵ壬ɢĸˡ
Ȼˣ齣Ѿ֮Զ죬߰ޱȣգ۹ͳԷЩܲˡ
ûʲôµĻҾˣ
˱ȭ
⡭ûѧϰôߣ
ٴκʯ̨ʹýֶɣѧϰҵĽǿȥֻܡܡ
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ͣһ£˵
Ϊո츳ߵѧԺ佣󣬵ǰλʵ̫ˣѧ϶ûָˣֻϣԷܹõк󣬽һȥ
򵥣Ľأ

⡭
Ŀһһֱӿ˹Ҳ·˲俴ǧԺӹһ׽ʱʶ
׽ֻУÿһж춯أ
֮ǰѧϰĴħ֮һȣһء
ʥƷ似ˡ
üëһ
ħֻʥʱľУֻʥڣʤȻﵽƷ
ѹλţȷ
ôȱݣôѧ
ȷϽһ̾ϢԹ
ƺ죬һһͣһһ٣ȱҲ˵ǿ죬˵򵥵ƺʮȱݣ˿˾ʧȥȤѧϰ
ؼǣ׽Ҫϡһ˱֮࡭
յһЩͼĹҲûôȱ㣬֮Ҫԭ򡭡нһ齣ͿɣǽҪһٶ
ˣÿһ򶼲һ©Ȼࡣ
Ҷòѧϰϣ˴ȥҪʹ˶Ͼ
ǰ꣬˴УƺҪ³˵
İɣĽȱȻܶ࣬Ҳܴ󣬿Ҳôպϰɣһ취޸һ£㴫ȥ
Էʵ⣬ȭ
ʵֻǾȱݶ࣬ҪѼལܲ䣬û̫׽ϸ˵ǲġ

˱ٴλζ£ǾͰˡ
˵Ҳֲסžһɢǰ
ֻСζû뵽һһӲɢԼĽ򣬶ûüڡ

ɢ̾ϢһѧĽĳԸ׽ģ
Է״Уֿ飬ûϵͳĿˣȴҲʾ˾ģǲԼľԺܹ˷
ȻˣԼ£һŴ̵
ʯ̨ҲǱһ˰ɣ
β˵ʯ̨ĲҲһץսָ
ⶫ㲻֪ôãҲǲģԺ󳤽棬ֱʮ׵ʯ̨ˡ뻹ͦиоġ
뿪ʯ̨ˮٴλָ˸濴ȥ漴ڵϣȻϾ˺
ѵһ٣ôɱˣ
˷һۣü
λ棬ܲϲȴҲֻ÷ѵһ٣ôɱˣ
Ƕ֣ҡ
˰֣һָ
˹ȥ漴Χɢȥһˣϰ١
֮ǰվʯǰ棬оֵġ
һۣȷЩֻǻȥδ˿֡
Щһоּ
ôε⣿
ղŽ죬˭֪챦Щˣᱦ˵õ˱ͳˣûѵ鷳Ҿ͡ȫˣ
ʼ磬һν
һﵽ򾳳ڵļ涼սʤЩ˾Ϊǲ˺ܴһء
ûͺãҲʲô
ԷĽ֪Լ϶Ҳ֣ҡҡͷᡣ
̰ˣûǵģ׷ѿ࣬Ρ
÷ص䳲ȥ漴ŲžͿ֡Ǭ˳ǰ


1284 ڽ
Ȼ㣡
߳ǬĿһ
ղŽֱƿӡһ֪챦ֱ˭õܷɻڴһ죡
һռ
ｻƽ֣һΣȻˡ
Χм䣬ǬЦ
ʲô
ǰװǽأղŽȻǽ˵Ĵг㽻һһ棬ȻͲֹʧȥô򵥣
һλʦǳ⡣
ֻҪʹñǰһûɶµģ
ʹñô֣ҲΪǿֽ˵
ʶʱΪܣʦӦ֪ڵĴ
ʵǲǿ󣬵ǡҪ֣Ϊܹס

ʦҲȫ俴
һһѹ޹⣬ЩܴˣڸһһҲ̲סŵ⡣
ôǲʦݣӲ
ü
ʦݺ͵λһ㲻˺Ƥ£һõͨбԣˡǰЩûԣҪԼ
Ӳĵرе߾̣֮Ϳûʵˡ
˰֣Ǭһȣϻˣһ֣ʱ䣬ܣ


滰Χʦˢˢ˹
֪ܣһͷţȻ鷳ޱȣˣûκγɣʮˣһ֣̱֣糤̣ܱ
ܱīѡϣһеţӵвž츳ʵô˾ֻǵһ֣ȴӳ˳
ۻһγһӣֶƺҪһжѹ
ƣ벽ǿӲֵס
Ҳ˵ǿߣҲѿ⣬͵Ĺ

û뵽Ⱥˣ˵־Ͷ֣ôǿüëһڽת
һգ۹Ǳ仯һĳֱͬҪض̴
أ
ܵٻصĵ죬ƺ֪ٳ߷С
Ȼȶ֣Ǿͱˡ

һߣһ޽ʩչٶȿȡ

ӣһ̽ˮ룬ţʮڱ䣬ֱˡ
֮ǰ֣ܻⲻס˿˽⣬ʱԻǬ˵ʵܲڵǰЩġ
̣
ʮ˶ˣһ⡣
أĿֻСʹ룬δɱ֡
ûȫȴôΪֱȥˣһ۾ȫˡ
һһֱαװʵ¾ҲԿ⡭
ǴԴ۹ôôǿǷֻԪڣѾﵽ۷壡
ˣ˽⡭
һǸղڽأõ˽˵ĴУűôġ

һǶˣȻҲɾûôǿ
һҹ֮䣬С˵ͽûϵš
һ˵ʵʱڱǿ󣬽صĴУȻ鴫ǻò룬ǵòغʹУŪûȫû
ҧҧǬ
ǣ
ҲӦ
컹ҪѹΪʤôǿ󣬸˵˽ص
֣
ٴŭţһ
֮ǰȻϵҲȴкܶò룬ͬ飬һĹʱøǿ
һ۳ƣԲ׵ĵطڣܵĿͬ࣬˵ߣǱУ粽С
꣡꣡
ۻѹģ쫷ĺģʱᱻ˺Ƭ
ߣ
۾
Լ飬Ƿǵ֪飬ӷǲá
˵̰Ȼû취ġ
㽫ڳȥҲ϶ţãԼ׾ˡ
ȻˣǾǸе°ɣ
Ҳϻǰһһ̤ٴȺгȥ
ȫתܵճ͵Ŀռ䣬ûκãͬӰһץһһžģһģ˵ɶһöġ
ܣٴһӶȥ
֣ܴ󣬵֮۵£ȱݣֵһӣ
飡
ͬȺϻ򾡹ܺܶ࣬˵ûһܹһ
ҵ
ҵҲˡ
⽫ǻˣСġ
ʱ䲻ȫˤڵأһ
ܹ³Ҳǿһ֣ȻҲףȫϣôû뵽һ棬ͱߡ
ȫ֣ڶԷǰȻһжֲסһﵽôģ
Ǭˣһһı顣
̭ң̭ǣƻذɡ
˵𾪣һʮöǰ
ҡ
ż
ݣһٵʹ޷ͨˣ֣һ˲佫λֵ̭ģζû뵽Էʲô¶ûУΣա
ûʲôҲҵġ
ī͵һա
꣡꣡꣡
һ죬ǰĶʮöͬʱɷĩ˵ϡ

˽ֱԭأȫˡ
ܹ̭Էû뵽Է̭һҲ̫̬˰ɣ
ˡǶ̭񲻱ʾֻһͨ˿ˣ
Ǭ˵
븴ԵһʮˣֻҪ̭ʮͿˣһԷ˼ƨûУԼȫ̭
񲻱ʾԹֻһͨ
ҪҲ̫˰ɣ
īʦ᲻ֱӿ
أ
Ĳţ֪ǺãһХ𣬽ţͿһٶƷʥĳ˹Χס
ǡб
һλ֪ʦͫһ
أÿ궼ǰЩˣбгͨᱻĽӶ
ˣǱ۹ߣһѧϰģҲһЩһЩıǿʵ
Щܹɽ⣬ߣһˣ˻ᱻ͵ϮΧסҪùˣ
׹λʦЦ
̭Σ
ڱôʥƷĳΧסʵǿ϶Ҳⲻס
Ҳ̭Ҵһ𡭡
۾Ź⣬ǬҲҧ˻
ûͿĳͻȻˢˢݵڵأһϡ
ˣ
һٶͬʱ쳹
ˣ
Щˣ
Ŀɿڴץ


1285 ɼ

˲⣬ҲڵƬ̺󣬲Ūô¡
Ľ⣬齣ͷųģЩõ˺ôӺ
齣ɹԼ˽⣬ҲͳϿԼɹ
ϼ｣պһ˱ϽҪѹ齣ӦҪ󣬶ҳ֡

ΧƷʥһһö齣ܹóɽ󣬷ӳǿ
˴ѵһֱû뽣űնɱ
һ뷨Ժð˳
Ҫܶϣ˸òû룬űΧİɣ
ȻƾʵҪնɱûôס
֪Щ£Ѿû취ãٶ룬һץյĳָЩмĺһͷ޴ɺף˹
īվںױŵŵ࿼ߣɥ
ǧϷĸǧϷ䣬ǲ֪߷ʲôʱ䳤ˣǲһ˿ԾϹ·ϣܵȫѣûӺױϵȥ
涨죬С죬ȫûҪҪôţ
ɺڵϣܿô£ǰī۾࣬ˡ
֪һϲ飬ҲҪ㰡
һпߣô㣿
ܲܣôãˣһͨɣ
ҪȲ˵ʥӵӦӦ˴ŵ۹Լʥŷͻᷢ衣
ʦڣôȫʧܣҾĲϹأԣ©硭ƶٱһҲֹƽ
һۣüëһ£æȭ
ҲҪ±ԡ
ͬ
Ǭ۾һæڡ
±ԵĻȫûȻԸ⡣
⡭
īɡ
ֻһ˻ȥ϶ǲеģõĹأʱģԹҲǺܴս
¸ԣ´ûͨģɲģҪԣô죿
ܲһֱȥɣ
Ҫʥӵɳǲþ
˼Ƭ̣ī
Ѿ룬ǽϢϱΪá
ǣ
˵˲ڶԡ
ʦȻõ˽صıϣܹ黹Ǳ۹ҴǱʦãԼʦʤм
תͷԶ
ղŽΪα̭Ҳֱֳϸ˵һ顣
黹
ǿɵһĿشǱ۹꣬û˵õ˵ⶫУҼȻдƾʲôã
⻰ͲˣǱ۹żʦǰ۹ľ֧ͼڣ㲢Ǳ۹ˣõ˴УȻҪ黹ܲܣֱ뿪ƻһ۹Ұɣ
Ц
˵أһЦӭȴ˲òĴơ
˼ȷĴǱ۹ģ㲻ǵ۹ˣߣ
Ҫ۹ֶңԭ򡭡أܲҲԸ⿴㡣
˵ͣȴŨŨв
ޱȣеζһЦȻǾ֧ͼڡǱ۹꣬Ϊû˵õбã޷츣ˣʵʦãҲ̫û˰ɣ

һ飬ɫǺ졣
ԼܻôУȴǱʦõĹأҪϱܲǺúòһˣ

⡭ʦ뽫й黹ҲգֻǵģӰû˼֪Լռֻýס
Ӱǵᣬպãм£ҪϱܲΪ

֪£Ƥһ
뽣ظԣʦµĹأ࿼ߣ֪飬ǡȴ⵽͵Ϯһɣǰ֪Ϣй¶ȥͼıңԣϣ飡
˰֡
Ȼ֪ԼиԣҪ˵ûй¶Ϣš
Žλһ٣лᣬǰ֪Ϣ벻˭ɳ¡
ʦǵûܵ˺õ˴УҲøˣҿ硭ˣطϵ£ֵˣӰҲá
ɫһף
һὫ˵ĴУϱܲȻϸ㱨﷢£ε飬˷ֲδͲҾˡ
϶ԷĻ
Լʵǿڿ϶ͱɱˣΪʦʦȴˣ͵Ϯ˳ϣһλ㲻Ҳ೹׷ˡ
Ȼоùˡ
ҡ
ɫҰףһΣ̱ڵء
ʦ￼ˣȷй¶Ϣ׷Ļûʲôһϸ飬Ѳ
Ѿıʦˡ
ʦô£
˵ĶԻī˲Ծ̲ס˹
ҽ뽣غʼĩʦԿһ¡
һһƵ˹ȥ
īͷһۣɫࡣ
ڽؽиԣģϢΣλʦȻ⵽͵ϮŪӲ˸ϵβŭ
һȫܺã£һʥӵ壬ϱܲһ
һ˦䣬īһȡ
ʦһȫҡ
ʥӵʦ£ʦڣλʦöҪߣʥӵʦϱܲȻ룬ϸ顣
˵û취ˡ
ֻ޵ܽѵһ£λԴ۹Сһ֪׼ʦ衭ζû뵽ԷʲôûУԼȴ˴鷳
ǰ;λҪһɨգһŵ۹ʦΪ
֪Ͳˡ
һȫǺڡ
߰ɣ
λڵīȥ
»صʦá
ʦܣ
žӭһľɥ
ʦΪʥӵ˲Ѫȴ˵һ̭ˣΡ
ʲôôչȥͱ̭ˣ
֡
ҡžɫǺ죺ұһ͵Ϯ
֮ǰµžյãһ۷弶Ʒʥ
ʵԶ׾ͽ̭
ӦǼ｣ģҡҡͷ
ԷȻ͵ϮԼȻѾˣžæǰͽ̭ˡ
ҹʦĺ񰮡
֪Եɣžһɥαǰ˵Ķ飬Զī
θԣ˱ʣɼ㣬˺һʥӵμյѡΣ
ɼ㣿
һ㶣žŷӦʦ׷ʲô£ˣ˵Ҫôôͻˣ
ֱ̭뿪淢£ȫ֪顣
ǶҶ֣һСġ˶̭ˡ

̭ˣ
žԭء


1286 أˣ
ХʥշУٶ̫죬һ׵ˡ
ޱϵķǰ꣬ĵ˵ͷ
Եĳɼ㣬˱īĴ£ʥӵķȥ
һ·£ԼԽ⣬ϸž
żţѧϰˣ̶̰ʱ䣬Խ⣬ʹﵽ˰벽ĵزܺȣ˺ܴһأʩչǰĿ֮УȻ˿ɵˣ
ˣΪҲ˳ͻԪ۷壬ʵϽ⣬ǬӲ˿
˵ǰžǿͨʥӵĿˣڣУŵΣһˡ
˵ʵﵽһ޺󣬽ԽԽͺףʮ룬ʮ룬ףʮʮѶֹ
ž츳ͲԼһ㣬ѣڣ˾޴ͻƣȥ֪ܲŵ˵
˵ǹ񹤣ʦеֶˡ
޽ڴﵽڶˣ
ָžҲûţµʱ䣬ѧܿںһγ޽ڶص˳ѧᡣ
ֻޱϣ޷飬֪У幦ЧΡ
޽ﵽڶأԪ۷ΪҲ׹̣ڵԪƺʱ벽ϡ
Ȼģǽ
˽⣬еĽУԽԶ˵齣֮ǰı꽣УҲܷӳ˵
ǰ򾳳ڣսƽֻ֣Ҫýȫѹ
ҪǣѼལеȱݣһγսȻٴα
̾Ϣһվ
ȷǿ󵽿£ȱ̫࣬˵ʵȥ
ֻܽʥӵѰҸؼγٺúѧϰˡ
һ·žͣǬҲûţƺܵ˴ĸӿ̿ࡣ
ǵʵû̫仯ƺȴԱ֮ǰ˲١
ЩˣһţʦһΣ֪˲࣬˵Ǻ¡
һĻīĵͷ
ܱѡϣһŵޱȣݺݴȫҧȡս䳬һѩǰܡ
ʦʥӵտʲôͬսɣ
ڸпһλʦ˳
תͷȥǬ
⻰ҲֹͣĿ
ϾҪʥӵˣҲһˣ˺档
ˣ֮ǰĳԡԶҪѵĶ࣬Ǽ򵥵ս
īһ£ۺ
ۺ
ɻ
ʥӵʦ½һѧԺҪУʵǻۣӦ䡢ػڳɼ֮ڣѶȱȸԴö࣡
īǰľ⣬Ӧǡɽţ
ɽţ
ţɽţʦûѪóĿ˳ߵԡʵмĿ飬ҪΪʥӵһԱҪڹ涨ʱڣһϵеĿˣʱԽ̣Խߡ涨ʱ䣬޷ֻܱ̭ͨ
ɫأī
˰£ȻʥӵԶǰ˵򣬲Υ
Ǵɽûͨɼ㲻ģлΪȻʸûУ
˵ţīָ֮ǰԵλꡣ
ô˵ǶͨԵţ
ȫһ
ܴɽţ˵ͨ˸ԡǾҲлᴳɽţӦʮҪ̭ġ
Ҳ˵֮УһС룬ûͨԡ
ֻǸԳ˱ʣҸ˹
ţǶͨ˸ԣڴɽб̭ˣīͷ
ʦľ飬ЩˣŶܴȥ̲ס
ǵ츳ʵɽҪʹšֶԾѶȺ֮ǰжͬնҵ㣬õĻӦʮͨáһȫû
ī
ɽŵĿˣʮ˵ڲˣлˡʥŷԼš
ʵһ֣Ҳһ֣ʮˣʵ츳ܹܲͨģʮãһû¼ȡ
Ҳûֹ
ʥżҵˣӦöֿ֪ĺܶɣ
Խܣīתͷ
ǣȷѣʥżÿɳҲһ޷ͨ
žͷ
ż֧ʥӵϢ֪Ĳ٣֪ɽŵѶȡ
żҺĵʱǿģʵߵģȱȽǡˣÿ궼кܶ౻̭Ѷ֮󣬿֪
֧ͬһλţ棬ȥʮ꣬Ϊﵽ˳Ͼڣɹһ׽٣ʵ֮УȻܵУϧͬʧܣûͨ
žŵ
Ͼڣʧˣ
һ
֮ǿģֻαϣ׽ٵĳϾǿ߶ͨˣ񲻴ǣûܹɹ
ǰˣȫʵȷĵܵܣΪԪ񾳺ڣͬɽţȴͨˡ忼˵ʲô׼ʲôҲ̫
žЦ
żҺܶţÿ궼һΣЩʮ궼û취ɹҲЩһξͻ˲ĳɼô£¸㲻ס
ɽŵĿ˶ֶͬһ𿼺˵ģĳҲֻͬƾӦ䣬û취ѵҲû취ǰ֪ΣͿԼ
īͷ
⡭
˳Ĭ
ţǰ֪Ծ׼ףûô򵥡
Ҳԣô½һѧԺ׾ͨΪˣ
ʵҲ̫ģɽźֻҪӳʵˮƽ޷ͨΪкܴģֻҪܹʱ죬ͬٴνпˡһ̭ûˣ
˵һᣬ˶ЩºͽţīЦЦ
ʥӵĿ˾ܺϣҲһο꣬ûᣬֻҪɾͲ̫ȫԵȵڶһΡ
ȻڶεĿˣ϶ҪȵһθѡΪ˷ֹ٣ֻֻܽȻ̫ݣûģҪȫûλʹߣҲûκιʡ
ֱ̭ͺá
ֻҪúñ֣лᣬȫ˿
ʥӵˣ׼һ£⣬ɽŵĿˣӦûڽУ
һᣬīͻȻǰһָ
˼æȥ漴һ޴ĳУɽ֮Уƺо޴ľ󣬽Բʮûǰ͸еϢˣˬ
ʥӵ
͵վµȭͷ̲סءˣ


1287 ̹ʥ
֮ʥӵΪҵأżҵĻԼԼһ𡭡
ѾǧڵϾܼβ
İɣһĽȢΪѡ
۾ƽ
ǣʦ½󳬼壬±ȻأٴΣ
Һǵһ壬ʦ½ǿҲҪûôù
³һվޱĿȥ
һ޴ѧԺŵ棬ͬһݷľޣΡдŰдϡ
ѧԺˣ󷨵⣬Ҫﵽ˾Ǽ𡭡
ͷ
ѧԺĽɽÿһɶ칤ͻϣһһͻ
ŪĽλʥӵĴʼߣǾʦ¶԰յоҲﵽ˼ˮƽ
ʥӵĴʼˣǲ̹ʥʦѧϰ״֮һ
𺳣ī͵
ʦ״ס
ΪʥӵֻǸʦĳһλʥߣû뵽߾Ȼǿʦ״ӡ
ǰȻʥŷĺӵܣô͵ѧī¶Ժ֮⡣
Ŷ
Ȼ
֮ǰ֣żҡļ壬ȻھʦְҵǿߣȱȽǣΪҪԼĺӵܣʥӵѧϰû뵽ѧԺĴʼˣȻǿʦ״
ݣ˵ѧԺԲ򵥡
̹ʥڿʦ״֮Уܲģȴǽ֪ʶõģʥӵ꣬ʱϴ񣬵ʦѧϰ׸ܵλ֮ʦľ񣬺ͶǿĿѧϰ˻øӴͨκμ壬κʥأģ
īŵ
ͷ
ʦΰ󣬲ö˵
̹ʥ֪ʶƾһ㣬ʥӵųµһ˿֡
ѹ֣½嶼֮ͣƾʦľ񣬾Ǻܶʥأû취׷ϵġ
֮ǰʥ֪λ̹ʥһǿһЩ
̲ס
ʥǿʦˣ̹ʥ״ǿӦúƶϰɣȻϹʱǣʥҲö˵
īЦЦ
⡭۾Բ
Էû˵˼ȴԣ̹ʥǿһЩ
ͺǿ֣
ǿԼˣȻ󣬽õָ㣬Ҫ˵ս֣ˣǲ˺ܴһء
ʦ״ʮˣʵǿʮˣųơʮ̹͡ʥ֮һۣ֮˫ܼ
ī
ΪʥӵˣλѧԺʦʮֳݣ¼֪ĺܶࡣ
ۣ֮
ţ̹ʥǼ̿ʦ֮󣬵ڶλ֮۵ʦԴ˴һ֡ͫ˵ʱ˴սһۿȥĿ֮ߣ˲նɱ޷ѣʮǿ󡭡ֻϧܹͫ꣬ɡ
ҡҡͷī
ͫ˲նɱ
𾪡
ۣ֪֮츳ļڣܹȱݡĿܹɱˣǴδġ
Ҫˣδֲ̫Щ
ǰܹͫڵõ˲̹ʥĴУԶΪʥӵĵλʥżҡʥҵļֻ߲͡
īп
Ϊʥӵûеɻ
µһѧԺţܶʥŷĳϡѧԱôûУ
ΪʥӵҪһǣӵۣ֮ͫʥӵѾٶ꣬ûˡѧԺ飬ɴ
ī
Щ£㲻ܣֻҪΪʥӵһԱ֪˵Ҳ
Ŷͷ
ÿһԼĴУܲˣòϿɣҲû취ڣ˳
һѧԺҪϿ˿ȱ㡣
Ȼ˵ʦܲȫУʦ¶ϡ
ʦϡΪҲûκ˵
طˣȥɣ
ѯʣīǰȥͼʥѾʥӵǰĹ㳡Ͽգ·䡣
֪ڲǹѯʵʱ򣬲ٶ˵

ʥڵϣȫ˳
㳡϶ˣҲиָʥޣӶǴĴǰμտ˵Ĳſ
һɨȫϢʵ
ʦѵҪЩһдɽŵĿˣһۣһ顣
㳡ϵˣЩʵҪͣıǻǿһ磬û֣֪϶սʤ
ڷŵ۹ΧһֱԼţЩˣסĲһǰ㡣
Ǻܶ඼ʥŷĺӵܣѪ˵ҪǺС͵õõʵǿǺģ֮ǰǾ˵ɽţʵֻǿ˵һֻ֣ҪԼӦö̫ͨġ
Щţīο
ʥŷĺӵܣѪӵкܸߵʵټϴСӵԴõĽҪǿ쾭塣
𲽲ͬȻв࣬û취ֲģֻͨĲͣŬ׷ϡ
ðɡ
ЩЩš
˵̫಻֮ͬ˸Ŀ˹ȥ
ʥŷӵܣȻǿ󡭡
̲סп
ЩУӵо׽ٵĳϾǿߣȻдﵽ벽ġʮ꣬ӵʵ֮ߣ˿ˣ
ϾڵսܺǿʵֻԪ۷壬벽򣬻֪˶١
ţҿ֮Увٲʦ
ȺУ֪˭˳
⻰Ҳע⵽ˡ
Щվڹ㳡ϵ֮УкܶûʦΣһ֪ʦְҵ
ʥӵн࣬ǰμӿ˵ģʦְҵߣ磺ʦᡢʦᡭҲÿ궼˹ԣʥӵȫʦְҵҲС
īЦЦ
ʥӵµһѧԺֻʦְҵҲжӦĴС
ˣÿǰ˵ְҵϱʦҪࡣ
ԭˡ
˵˵ͷ
˴ŵ۹Χһ𣬲ʮˣҪԵĻֻ¶ʮϡг̶ȡ
ǰĹ㳡ǰ˵֮꣬ǰ֣ôô࣬յķΧʦͲˡ
ְҵϡС¾Ǵʮְҵνľʣķࡣ
ְҵһ𣬾Գһǧ֮ĸְҵÿ겻ּţȻˣô˿ˣҲ֮ˡ
ְҵţʵô
֪Щְҵ˿˹ȥ
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ
ְҵҲǿߣʦȣ廹ǲһЩ
һְҵ鴫
ţ
һȦջĿ⣬ͻȻ۾һ⡭Ǳԭˣ


1288 ǫ
ԶվżŮӣȫһϮ£ͱԭˣȫͬ
ߺһֱûϢ֪ôˣȻǣպÿʡ
ܱѡγμʥӵĿˣ⼸۵λݣӦö̫ܹ֪ŵ
ʦȥǱ߿
кһ̧žҪȥ
Ǳߣ
īһۣǱԭˣòҪǣ
Ŷɻ󣺡ԭˣ
ǵûУԭˣŮӣҸòˣʥӵܻӭ˶ܹȢΪ޶Ժÿ춼вˣǰȥڨóȻǰȥ»⵽׳Կ
īҡͷ
ǰλ츳ܺãʶҲ̫ɫ˰ɣ
һ棬ѯʥӵĵһˣСڼԭˣ߲
ʥӵɲԴ۹ֵط츳ʵҲһŮӾ϶ҪԿģ
ѯ飬Ǵڨ
⻰ı飬ﲻλʦô룬ͷǺߡ
һѭ浸أֱ˽δйԽΪȻɼɫҲˡ
ֻȰСһЩܽʥӵģûһߣܵ͵͵ǧҪ£ī
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ɿڡšֱٹ䣬Ůɫ࣬һҪ֡
λĪֲ֪ߵغļһСͿˣҪƣ
û֣һ𣬽žͿһֳȵİ꣬ǰ
һȺϴζһЦš
żǫԭλӣСˣ


1289 Ҹʱ
ԭŹӣ
ջŮӱȭ
żҵˣ
˹ȥ
λǫʮ塢ģһʵ䣬ͱԭλȻﵽ˳Ͼ۷塣
ѹͬżҵˣžֻ֧ԷһȣõԼָ㣬ɲ̫ˡ
ԭӣ˵¼һ߽ǧ˳ӳǵλСĴΪҪ֣ڻͿ̿
ЦЦǫĶš
Źӹˣ
ޣһϲ¶Ժ֮⡣
ΪܹʥӵеĥԼһһƣΪ˵˳նɱ²䶯Էȴ䣬˵˵Լԡ
ӵʵ츳һģ
ٴο佱һ䣬ǫǰһղŶλ̸ˣһûʶôѵһ٣ӵƣ
Źˣ
֪ԷĿֺԼͣһ£Ҳܾѵһ٣ǸͺãҪˣ
ֻǲ޶Էֱٹʲôޣѵһ٣֪ͰˣûҪˡ
ƣİɣзִ磡
ȡһ򿪣ǫתͷЦȫޣĿд⣬͸¶һǾյʣλѣҸ·һǸ⳥Ҫ࣬Ʒʥɡڶҳ֣Ƶ⳥ǸĻ¾ͲֹƷʥôˣ
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Сӣٺ˵ˣ
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ΪţԷŵ̹ԹԳҷζû뵽ǵ£ǵ⣡
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Ʒ۷似ѻƣ
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еٴλȻ
ûԴε
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漴ǰһ͵ǰһѹ
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ת΢΢һЦҵĽˣղŵ㻹ûش𡭡ٹڵôˣ


1290 ̬
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ǴԴ۹һλʦûʲôİɣûж⣬ֻǵҪѯһ¡
Դ۹Զ۹ĵطܴ󣬵˵Ҳû֪
Դ۹
ҡҡͷ
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˴ŵ۹۹Զû뵽ôƫƧĵطȻӵš
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Ӣ࣬еľӢԵʥӵиᣬԺ
ͨ࣬ˡ
ǫĿֻ꣬һͨˣҪ˳뾫Ӣ࣬Ϊѧ֮У۷Ĵڣ
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˵ղǸ꣬С
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ӣʲô˼
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˫ֱ󣬳ü𣬷ݷ


1291 ī
ҷ
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Ů֮⣬ƺԷΥͻֱӳ֣飡
㡭
ȭͷǫҪŭȴֲҡ
Ȳ˵Էʵ˿˵ԭҲ׵ġ
ߡ
һ˦䣬ԣǫתһȥ
ܹƨ˿Źһٲ˵Է顭ԽԽƣ˶Ҫըˡ
ҾͲţ
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Ҫˣôܴ裿ôûùϵŪ⸱ģ
ߵԶתͷȥͼԶӣ֪Щʲô
ɶ񡭡
⣬һͬʱҲǲ⡣
λͦģҲɫôͻȻһ̬ȣ


ʦ㣬λǫ츳ôͻȻַˣ
ԭһŮӣǰ
ղ֣δҲû֮ĶԻ˿̿ʦ㶯֣֡
λǫòһһģֱôˣ
֪ղλѯٹ˭

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֪ԷΪãսͼԭļλŮӣȻǰ

ɤӣʦ˵Ļһ飬ͼǰŮӯӯһݣʦղ³çϿǸܹõԭ¡

һ㶡
ȿȡ
īҲɴ۾һβûˤ
ǹ鷳
ôǸˣ
ؼǣ˵һֲ
ǱԭزҺԳϾмǿĹЧʦ£͵Ҹղ³ç⳥
𾪻ûһȡһƿ˹
Һ⡭ǱԭĶһƿֵһǧԪƷʯ
۾Բī˿ĭ
ҺڱԭǺϡȱıû˳ֱۡóˡ
׷ʲô
Ӧʦ
ôôСǸͶ
ʵ벻ͨЩˡ


1292 ľ
Һ
Ҳû뵽ԷǸҪͶһ£ƿȥ
ƿӲ͸¶֮⣬ƺʱὫ˶ͬʱɢȾԪƷʯҪŨ
Ȼû˵ⶫֻһۣ֪쳣󣬽е벽ϣϾпܣ
ǣʦһ£æ
˶Է޸ĵĹ˰ʦ֮꣬ټ϶Էٹʦ
֮ǰҪöԷڨ㶯֣Ҳǫǳô鷳ˡ
ԣζҪúֲܲѺۡ
⡭
գ۾
ī˵ôأǵǸ񡭡ôλԭŮӣô˵
ʦգǿ»ʳѰ
ɣΪæ
⡭ðɣȴ֮ҾͲˣ
Է̬ȣ治ãŪþԼˣЩΣֻֽӹսָ
лʦ£
۾һ˿
յʹɸˡ
ȭЩ֣ղҲ֮ôҪǸ
벻ס
֮ǰŭҪ֣Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ܹͶ
仯Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
⡭
ŮӶһۣЦ
Ϊ
ͣҵ˲䰲ſӰֱԶ˹ڿУɢ˵Ϣ
ߣʵ׶ߣһ֣ǿУƺƾ񣬾ܽ˺顣
Ҫ¡
üëһȭͷ
˵ĸоȵ£
ʥصǿߡѲɣλѾﵽ˰أ
Ҫʵ½ŵ۷ˣ
ʥӵλϣοˡ
ī
ϣ
һ
ʥӵϵʵֲ˼㣡

ǰһλߣһܣʥӵˣ˸Ϸ򣬰ʦǿԳƺҺϣλǺϣұߵ೤ϣ
ȴÿһ˵Ķƺ϶䣬رһܹԺ޷ܾ
ħҴﵽ˼߼𣡡
ɫء
ΪħʦܹһԷ⣬ԴﵽˡΣϣĵز
ֻͨ˵һԪ㳡ϵˣһܹ⣬ȫ׹ƻ
ʥصİʦ㣬ܱʵ
ſˣλʹߣ˵ˣɽš
˵ͷָſǰһץһ޴Żǰâҫʲô
⡭ѵܹĴ󣿡
ס
˵У󷨴ﵽ˼ߣԴӰ֣ɴ͡
ǰŻǿҵĿռ䲨ƺֻҪУܽһ磬Ӧ󷨡
Ǵ󣡡
˵ͷīɽſˣѧԺڲһض۵ռ䣬Ҫ󣬲ܽ룡
۵ռ䣿
ͷ
ɽܣҪжѵö֮࣬ǰɻ󣬵صһ𿼺ˣѶȲͬԭ
۵ռ䣬һʥṬˣʮϤ
ɽšˣѶȻݸ˵еÿ˾ģͬҲû취ҪģֻþȫӳԼǿ
ͷһۣϽŵڽǷģʥӵС񱮡ǵʵԼ˵йƽֵ֣Խߣͨ˵ĿԽ󣡡
Σˣ⣬ǰڵģͨںģûʲôˣ
ֻˣ
ɣˡʮ֮һ
ѶȺô󣡡

ɫ죬һȭͷ
Ҳüë
ܱѡγģеţеĸ֣ʮѡһѶ֮󣬿ƿֲ
ѹī˵֮Упһѡϣôıȷѳɹ
ҲûоԵš
ͬҲ˵ʥӵĿ¡
ˣҪ˲пѡΣܹµģжǿ
ʦʲô
һʦ⣬˹
ɽſˣÿ˶ͬĿˣͺԪ񾳺ڣԪ۷ʥޣܣõĳɼȻȻͬʥ޵ĸߡЩɼỻ֣ͳڿϣۻһԽߣɼȻҲԽã
ī
Ŷ
˻Ȼ
ǡ֮У˻ʥޣʲô£ܼɼһʦʳ
Ȼܽɼ֣ȻϿı׼Խʥޣõķ࣬ܲܵʥްɣ϶ˣȡֵġ
УʥޣǰԤ֪Σաڿν⣬ֻҪֵúãԻ֡һЩְҵʩչЧҲܻ֡磬顢衢黭ֻҪˣܳΪ㣬ʥӵɣ
īͣҲ˵ֻҪܹ˵Ķұֳᱻ¼ͳƣջɻ֣ӱ
һȭͷ
Է˵ģ򵥣ƽʵϣȴѵġ
һ˱ԣбܼĵطǺ˱ȣɫҲͲˡ
黭ǿб黭ģǿбӿֲġ
ˣɽɽҪѹˣΪ۷ڣѶ֮󣬿֪
ʥӵĿģΪ˿˵ǻۣߵĸԶҪʮϿйͳҲͬԼӷ֣
ѹӣīЦЦҲýţ֮ǰ˵һֻҪλչԼԼ˸㣬ʥӵע
ǣ
˵ͷ˼Լʲô
Ҳ°ͳ˼˼Ƭ̣̲סҡͷûʲô㣡
ڿΡ󡢾衢黭㲻Ҳ㲻ǿ
Ʃ黭ܴﵽ黭ʦˮƽ黭ʦҲȻԶġ
ˡ
ʦ֮УĸǺ˼רҵıȣǲٵġ
Ҫ˵ǿġӦװ
۾𣬰ͷ
ĸְҵ࣬ûһرͻ
Ҫ˵ȽǾǡαװˡ
αװġûз֣ôΣδʧֹˮƽ
ֻǡαװˣӦòӷְɡ
һԹ
ʥӵˣܹȥװˡװţƣӦòӷְɣ
Լǿû취ʩչˡ
ˣʵڲУʩչһЩͻ˶ܵõ͵ķ
ͷ뷨
ʥӵһҪģǣأˡ
ˣʩչڵֻҪŪĶˣӦܵõ˳ͨ˰ɣ


1293 ǰ
ɽſˣֻչʾԼ츳ʹñ߽÷ķһףɼϣ⣬ɱ޹ɱߣ۳ɼߣֱȡʸ񣡡
ϵٴ
ǣ
㳡ϵˣͬʱͷ
ˣڹƽ֮࣬ɣҲɼ
Ȼ˶ŷˣʥӵͲžۼأǱۼĳˡ
λԵӡǣŻϣ񱮡ͻԶʾǵǽп˺ɸѡ
Ͻŵ
˵ͷʩչطӡǣȥ
ɣɽţΪ죬ףǺˣ
ϴһӡ
ǣ
ѪڣһϢӿˢˢŻȥ
ȻǴδһֻܲͨܿԼˡ
ȥԽԽ࣬쵽Լߣתͷž
ʦģһᾡԼŬ
žͷ
ǰܲͨûаְգڣ˲Сš
ʱ䣬ѧϰʵ죬ս⣬Ҳ˷츲صı仯Ҫģ˰벽⣬ͬ𿰳޵УǰѾ˺ܴϣ
С£
ţ˿
ʦʥӵټ
ž˱ȭ
ţͷ
ԭŻȥ
ǿǰλ׽ǫܣͨˣȻѣͿӵΣܲܽ뾫Ӣˡ
߰ɣ
ֵһᣬīһ˴۹ʮˣˢˢŻȥں棬ʹһӴʱеһŨĿռ֮Ӱһԭʧ
뿪ǫ۾ҧӢ࣬һҪȥ
˵꣬ں棬Ҳ˽ȥ
ʱ䲻㳡򿼺˵ȫ˽ȥֻʣʹߡ
ȥɼɡ
īʹһ𣬿ʥӵȥܿһ޴ĵá
һɫ񱮣м䣬ɢԶبŵϢ
һ֪֪ڶˡ
񱮱棬ҫĹâҫķͣڸǰˢˢȥϣܴҵԼ֡
ʱ仹磬Ҳż
⸱̬ȣЦЦ
죬ھ͹񱮣ȷЩΣҲҪԺˡ
ţ
˵ͷȫϥϢһᣬͼʯâ˸ֳָ
Ѿгɼˣô죿
ͫһˢˢȥ
һٶʮߣ
һٶʮһ
ѩ棬һһʮ
Ԭ࣬һţ
һ

һٶ֣ſʼãôˣ
ֺͷһȻ
ſʼãһٶ֣ƿֲˡ
ؼǣһôߵҲˣ٣Ѿ𾪵˵
һͷΪһСȼʥޣ1֣С5֣25һٶ֣Ǹʲô
ɣīǲš
ʯʼʾҲʮ֣Ȼӣһ־һٶ֣һһ³׷ʲô
λɼߵķ󣬴ģ
Ҳ̲סһһλʦ
ʦܲˣ˵ĳλϵ״ᣬΪѴﵽڣȺ֮е̳ʦ֪ĺϸ͵
״ī١
ʦܲΪϣٶﵽ˾ǣǿߵѧѹôǿ
ǰڶʥżҵĳţѪȴﵽ˵ؼ
ؼ⡭ѾڳһѪˣīȡ
ʥŷĺѪǿȲͬΪĸ𣬷ֱǶѪһѪؼѪԼ߼켶Ѫ
ĺģͨǶѪ΢һЩģһȣܴﵽؼģǵϵеĵϵҲǳϺˡ
ǰʥӵżһʮλؼѪһλ󶼴ﵽʥ۷塭λӵѪעԺĳɼ޿
ʦ
ʥ۷壿˿ĭī˵
ʵվ½۷壬һţǱ۹ֱӳ٣û˿
ˣղҼżңλǫģʲôѪ
һ£̲ס
ǫֻͨĶѪżǰ˵ʮУֵһᣡʦЦЦ
ֵһ᣿
һΣī̼
ǫǳϾ۷ǿߣżʮǰģжǿ
ֲ̫˰ɣ
꣬żҾҲһ֦㣬Ҳû㵽˵ز
ѩ桭ʥ˽ҵ𣿡
еѹס̲סʵ
ʥŷ۷һżҡҡң
սɼôã棬³Ȼļ壬ûš
ţʥ˽ңó깥λѩ棬һ棬ǿʵҲ˿
ʦɫأŵԬ࣬ʥԬҵĲſԬʥŷУš壬Ųǰ˵ǰǰӵ켶ѪĴˣԺ³ǰҲûпܣ
켶Ѫī𾪡
켶Ѫʥŷ۷ѪͳˣӵѪģֻҪ䣬һΪ½պĴڡ
ͺڵżҼҼﵽּ
ǰԬҴˣǱȻЩ죬ٴ壬ȥ֦ύʦͷ
⼸λôǿλʲôͷ
Ϣīʵ
ǰĸÿһͷ󣬵λλ֮ӦҲ򵥰ɣ
湬ˣʦ
湬ͱԭǸһ
ԭȻӵأߣҪĻӹϣһɫŮӣȫǱԡ
湬ǡ֮෴ӣҲ֮Թ
ʥأ˵ͬһλʦΪȻ෴ѳ
ʮǰҪıѵľ棬Ϊ½˭֪ԭĹӻ飬֪١
ٴֽɢ
ǣʦͷ湬Ҳ޽ֲʵСȻ꣬ԭҲ֮ˣ
ǰ
īͷ
νŵԣ̫󣬿϶ߵһ
˵Ϊֵ۲ͬͺѽϡ
ˣ
˵Ĺǰʯٴλζƺָ֡
ǰѾˡ
֪˭һ䡣
īæ˹ȥȻʯϵ£
ʯĸ߶ȣպܹˣԣʥӵֻ¼ȡˣûκƫ˽
쿴ûԼš
ʦЦ
īͷ¿ȥܿüͷ
ôȻһʶ
ӦܽǰٵģôûУ
īǵģѵҽˣһ޷ͨˣ


1294 󹬼ǧ
ǰһζ֪ǣռ䣬ܿкܴһУ֮۾תҪתʽ
߲ʹâͣ˸ڿзУһǰһͼ
ͷʥ·Щơ
һ
֮ҫµĴ󣬾Ȼͷʥ·Щƣһһŵܵںһ𣬹˳ߣ˿ռ䡣

һǰĹâʧܣѾһɽ֮С
ïܣϪˮûʯϣ졣
ҿһȦ
඼Ǵ̵ֲ֮ǰĽصЩƣֻ￴һϿȡ
ʥޣܵԽ࣬Խߣ
֪ʱ䲻ˣû̫ɣϿϷС
֪Ĳ࣬ʥޣ϶ܹ÷֣ȻˣƾʵἸͷ
˺ԶʦѧԺʱ򣬾;Ƶѱ˼ͷޣӶԶˡ
ѱޣԸʥޡʵǿģҲ϶磬ˢֵĴ
ٷУֲָǰӹ
ĵطֲ෱࣬кܶ࣬в֡
·ϣһֱʶп飬֮ǰռ鼮ڲȫһˡ
˵֪ʶԨܾʦȲϣ֪ʶֲв֣֮ʢ
ţԡ
ϸŸֲָһᣬü
ʶַΧôãʥޣҲ϶ͨڳֲɶû֣δЩ֡
òǱֱӴ͵ĳ˰ɣ
ͣסУҫΣĴȥ
֮ӵƳãƬ̺󣬹Ȼ˲Ծ
Ǹ󡭡
ҡҡͷһһһ塣
ˣ
ֲգ۱ǰˮȴ֮ǰ̫ͬɽȣһéݣɽˮ֮УװȻûǰľȻȻķɡ
֪ڴɽŵĿ֮Уҵģǰ

ûǰһĦƹľݵһǿȥͼһߣڲԶϪˮϣͣĥŶ
һ
ʱڲͣĥ֮£Ѿʼϸ˴ͬһϸ롣
ĥ룿
һ£ɻ
ʥ͵ϮΧסϡ棬ĥɶͷԡ
֪ڸʲô𣿡
֣һĥƺͣдѯʡ
ĥ룡
һ㶣תͷ֪ĥ룿
ôֵ˿ֻΪڴĥĳֱλһ۾Ϳĥ룬Щ档
ǰĥ룬ңֻҪоģ¹ѵҲɹνģֻҪĥ룡

⡭
գ۾
ǰ츳̫ãһֱ׷ˣһţʦĥƣҪĥ廨룬˵֮ǰĻΪ棬Դһ·ǰߵڵĵز
ͬľٶúͬܵôǰһһ¾˵Ŀģкܶ໰ؿ˵˵
ĥ롭˸ʵĶ˵ͼǰ꣬ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһãǣҿù
ΪΣü̲ס
ôù
ܼ򵥣ûĻ㲻ˣǸӡǣĥһⶫӲޱȣȽʯҪĥĶһͨʯߵȼţͬ޻ĥܹɹ

֮תѾǰߣˣӡǡ
е飬һʮֺӲޱȣʦڻͨʯͷĥֱǿЦ
㹦򲻸ˣĥȥջ񡭡ΪӡǣܹάֶãҼǵòӡǣ磬Ǵʱģ
ŵ
ӡǣöˣһֱ˯ܹڵʱЩһѣ˶á
ʥ֮ǰĽˡǰôǿʵµӡǣҲûڶãɢˡ
⡭оݣεҡҡͷеƣдܴҲôͿˡ
֮ĥ뼤ˣһֿˡ
ԷһۣͿĿģҿΪӡǣ˵Ҳܴ
Щܼ򵥣ҡͷ
ǰʲôѧ֮ʿĥ廨Ĺ»ģԷн˵ܻ𾪣˵Ѷ꣬û˿ˡ
ʵ뽫ĥϸĻҲûа취ͨʯ϶УҪʯľ֭Һ
΢΢һЦ
Ŷ˵ʯľ֭ҺԽĥϸ룿
һ£Ҫ˵ĻڿУЩš

һЦܼ򵥣ľ֭Һиʴãʯںϼҩģ׸ʴϼӲĲֻ֣ҪС㹻ҩҺӾͿԸʴ廨СҪĥ
ӣ
պ⼸ҩģԸԣ
һȡһҩģָ硣
зĴָߣҩġ֮ǰѼĻҪ࣬Щҩﾡ󣬻ܹ롣
ܿ죬ҩҺںһγ֭Һ
ȡһʯ֭ҺȵͿĨȥֽȡ˹С
̣
һ׵ڣ˵һӹ򣬾ͱһϸϸ廨롣
֦ҶʯʱҲպĸɾֺ񾭹˾ȷһ㡣
ָһϸɵģֵݸߣŪˣԺĥˣͦġôףûЧ

ҳ顣
ֻ뿼˶Էǰ潫ĥ廨ˡҪҪôӣ
ؼǣ˵һ٣ǳˡ
֪˭˵
ҡҡͷе׿߿˹ղֻһͼҩĵҩۣ֮Ѿﵽˡϸ΢岻ľ磡
֪ۣ֮
һ㶡
Ĵʦۣ֮ѾȫأֻҪԼԸ⣬Ʒʦδܹó
ǰλߣΪӡǣʵȴһϳǰΪδ̫ˣ
ѵһλʦ
һ̲ס˹ȭͷ̲ס
ڼʦǸղŽǽĺϣνľʦδֶ֪
ǰλﵽּ𣬻ܿԼӵ֮ۡ


1295 뵱
ڴʱʹۣ֮󷨲ű͵
⣬ߵ
ʥӵĴ󣬿Ըݸó͵ͬڣרˣǰλ꣬һ󷨣תۣ֮ȻȻͱ͵
һصĻǿ츳ó̶ȣƳ֮󣬲
Ȼ
ܲóô󷨣ʹãҺڵۣ֮֡
ղ˵ҵ֮۴ﵽˡϸ΢岻ľ硭ʲô˼
Դۣ֮һֱͷδ˵Ҳûôҫ֪ⶫ־硣
ۣ֮һЩ츳ߣﵽʦԶģʮټ½ݹʷ̫ࡣܹʶĳ̶ȲͬͬΪͬȼ
һº룺һǡαƳܹһгñڵαװ
ͷ
ո֮۵ʱһαװǰȷûκô
ˣܼصݣΪ侪ޡ
ڶأҸ˵ģϸ΢岻ﵽ־磬ֻҪ۲һƷܷСʡֺ书Ҳܺɿȱ㣡
߽ŵ
׹֣ɻеأʲô
˿̵㲻ͼݣʹۣ֮ȷϸ΢岻
ӦǴﵽ־ˡ
ֻǡôо֮۸ոճֵʱ򣬾ˣ
أ豹棬䡿ұԴ׷ݱʣﵽ־磬Կ似ʵĶһЩʧĺۼҲɷֱͺ䣬صٺãҲкۼ£ﵽ־磬ۣ֮ɿ
ߵ

գۡ
ղŻЩ֣Ѿȫסи֮۾ʹˣʲôɣ
νĵ磿
ôԼһӵˣ
ﵽ־磬ͬ𼸺ѾûܿһɨͿԿԷû˵滰ûй֪ӣ־磬ֻҪ䣬ʦ̫ѣ
ߵͷ

Է˵Ĳ֮Խ죬һԭ֮Ҳݺӡ
ûܣһ·ǰﵽĵز
ǡûеأ
ʵ
ǰأѾﵽˣûνĵأ
еĻ֮۽Ҳǲġ
ȻУﵽ־磬ͿͫγһƣӶʩչ似ʦ⣬ŭĿħһɣĿ֮ն˺ѣʥܿ飬˿
ɫأĿдԺ
ܿ飿ȡ
Ĳ֪ܿģһһȫѧᣬ˿ռ䣬ԴУôҲܳƶ
־ѧĿǰģʥⶼҪǿ֪٣ܹȫ򣬾ֻԪ۷壬ʥصǿҲ׾ٵŰɱ
ʥƾѧӡ꣬޷½Ҳƽ
־ԷνͫҲδ̫ǿ˰ɣ
֪ͫǰʦǡ
ʵ̲ס̲סʵ
˵ʦ״̹ʥӵۣ֮Ҵͫһۿǧˣҷ
ǰλߣ˵ͫ᲻ʲô
µĶʦǿʦ£ʮ֮һĲ̹ʥʦʥӵ뿪ˣѧĵһεɽŵĹأҶģ
ӦЦЦ
һε
۾Բ
ΪǸ͵Ĳл꣬û뵽Ȼǵһε
˵Ϊʥӵĵӵ֮ۡô˵ǰҲ߱츳
̲סʵ
Ҳӵۣ֮ȫʢڣľﵽ˽ŭĿħľ磡֮۲ܳΪҲ涨ġĿĺܼ򵥣ʦʦ˼££Ҳ뽫ʦĴ£֪һλ˽Ĺʥ
ߵͷɫȻĿˡŵѧӣֻҪۣ֮ҵĿˣ
Ȼ
ѹһ˶ûӦĿ˺˵ȫͬ
֪ǰ
׹̬ȭ
ǰλǿʦͽԽʷĳʥӵһε䷢󡭡۴һ㣬ֵ𾴣˿
µѾԶֵһᣬʱˣΪʥ
ߵͷ
ʥȭ
ʥͣһų羴֮ġ
ͺʥֹ֮̽ȱû˿˽
ţ
ʥŵ׿µĻþ֮ƽ⣬˵ۣ֮Ѿﵽ˿αƳľ硣׼ȷƵƳܽҩ˵ﵽ˵ڶҪΪĺѡˣҲҪĴﵽ豹棬ľ磡
ѡˣգ۾
ֻѧԱģô˵˵ţɿ˵ˣ
ʥӵҪӵۣ֮ˣĵ˶ζϲ㣬֮ȫҲλѣӵ츳ʸΪѡˡˣûѯʣ벻Ϊʥӵĵʮε
ʥ
Ȼæͷ
һ˵ݻǵλأȥ׵ĻҲҪúÿǡ
Ǿͺãֻ֮۾ͿģҪʵԡԽж෽濼ˣֻͨʸ񡣡
ʥ
ǣ
ͷ
֮ǰ˵ӵ֮ʦʮϡ٣ֻû뵽ô١
ԶԷ֮аλÿʥˣһǧꡭҲ˵ʥӵ󲿷ʱ䣬ûġ
ѹ֣Լһʹ͵⣬ܿ飬ò׷һλ֮۵ʦȻ뵱ɵ
֪οˣ
̲ס
Ҹղ˵ˣΪѡˣ֮ҪﵽھͶ㿼ˣܹﵽܽһˣ
ʥЦЦ֮۵Ƿ豹棬䣬ұԴ׷ݱʣһ㿴һʱ䣬ܽ䱾˵ֺͨ
ã
ͷ
Ʒǿڣδʧ֡
ܺã
ʥ˵ͷһץһͳǰ
ֻҪңʢʲôã
ʢʲô
ü
Ϳʮͨͨմƣûκ⣬ķֽסʶ޷̽顣
һз̲סͿڿ˹ȥ
֮תǰͣǻһɢ˵Ϣͬһ޴̫ҫŹâ˸˵ʲô
ô
üͷ
˹â۾εЩۣ
Ҫ˿ƶϣҲ
ȱݣ
һ£еͺ


1296 ͫ

һ鼮֡
ָһ㣬֪ʶԺ
ַģʥӵһεʥзӡ֮ЧΪ档ȱߣһֻܷӡΪϢԲƳ

һۣסͷ
뿴͵ȱݣ뷢浽ʲôȴ˷ĵġ
ϸҲͻȻ
Ҫָγ鼮ôԶ޷Ӵڼ״̬УȻȻͳȱ㡣
֮ۿʲôҲûκιɿԣǿͨĵȱһƲ⡭
ͣһ£а
֮ѾһȦˣ͵Ҳ֪ʱ̫ãԭûκκۼƲⲻʢŵƷ
ڿԸݷģƲһЩߡ
ݵһȱݣģֻܷӡ˵ڣȻҪô꣬϶Ҳˡ
ڶȱݣԲͿƳ˵Ʒ󣬷˶ƽ⣬ûκδڵ塣
ȱݡ
ͣתϸá
Ƭ̺̲סҡҡͷ
ĵȱݣ֪ˣҪƳеƷҲѡ
ϾʢƷͣͷӡûֱӹϵ
֪ȱݶƲⲻ֮ͬ۵أôܿóü
֮һ֣ܲ鿴ټ䣬Ҳ˵ֱӴﵽ˵صľ磬صҲӦ޷ɣ
νĿˣͨ
ʱ䵽ôɷʢʲô
ھᣬʥЦӯӯ
ǰֻƲ漫пʢŵһҺ壬ǺΣʵ޷֪
ţʵһο˾ͨû뵽ֱӳԱɫ죬ЩΡ
ƲʢŵҺ壿ݣʥһ㶣˹
ЩַģֻܷӡҺ壡ͷ
㶮ɫģʥ档
дֻǸɢá
ţ˵ĲʢŵĵȷҺ壡ң˵֮۵أǵأҲ޷
˵ͷʥ¶֮ɫʵؿ˵ĲԺƷʣۣ֮ˣﲻﵽأϵ󣬵ԺƷʣȴǺѸĵġʥӵʦ˿ʦҲ봫иһλԲ֮ͽ
ղŹ˵ﵽأʸ񣬳ΪĺѡˣȻó۲졭뿴ķӦ
ûûʵǣΪҪͨˣҴ⣡Ҫô˵ԺƷֵÿ
ʥЦЦͨ˿ˣ̬
ǣɫһ졣
ԭҲһֿˡûûûʲôҳϵġ
˵ԼȣʵһأȻҲܱƾΪԶʦѧԺԺˡ
뵽⣬̶ǰλʥøд
˶ƻ񣬾Զ֮Ψǰλһ۾ͿƷʣһ࣬ǿʦͽ
ͨҵĿˣʥӵĵ
ָһץһƳģʥֵ˹Ȼģȴķӡʱ޷ʹãҲû취γͨˡҲ˵ӵҲֻͨˣʱòݣҲܲȨȨ棡
˵ͷֽӹ
ͷȥƲȷ˷ģеϢڵй¶
˿ֻͨ޷סܸемȵƺ̺ž޴һͷţضΪ֮ɫ
Ƶļ²͡
Ȼûͼݲ鿴ȴҲ֪ǷƷһķ˵齣ֻǿ
֮ԷӡǿΪѣӦ֪ʥӵڴ½ĵλΪʵҪﵽһ磡ηڣ
ʥŵ
ͷ
ʦ½ܶع򣬵
ż֮ǿʦöҪɵ֣Ϊǿû㹻õ˵Ҳûŷ
෴ɱ֮
ֻԪ۷壬ֱӾͳΪĻȷ޷κˡ
ȥŪЦ
׾ͺáƽӡƣһΪʦڶΪﵽʥأ֮أŭĿħ
ʥдΣӣӦֻжʮɣʵ츳ӹɣ㣬ܺѣֻҪ̿࣬ӵ֮۵츳˵ڣӦܹɣһٶʮΪµһѧԺԺվ۷壬ټˣ
һꣿҡҡͷ
Էõȷѣ˵ҪһɵĻƷͷݶ˲֪ٲˡ
˵·ݣҪֹؼ޸żǸļһ˵̥ʮǰﲻǣҲֻ
ôõġ
˵һ飬ǰ޷ƿԺϵķӡҲ޷еԣϣܹαװһͨѧӣУѧϰŬһߵ۷壡ѧӣŷҲǶĿˣ
ʥȰο
ãͷ
ܵõ˵Ҫ͵һЩȫαװѧѧϰȻһȥ
ܶʥӵ˽⣬ԺΪҲӦ֣æңɶ֪
ţʦֻ֮۲ͫͫ˼壬߾磬Կģضס۾ھʹڸ㣬ʱѧϰܹѧ٣ͿԼ츳ˣ޷򣬴ﲻؾ磬Ҳͱ˵Ҳ޷Ϊĵ
˵⣬ʥǰһ

һƬֺͼǰ飬һۿͷ
ͫ
̧ͷ˹ȥо̲סһ
ǿܿĳطȻ·Ƿš
ʥ˵һ׷֮Ϊطγƣ·Խ࣬ԽܿıʣҲԽԽ
ͫΪ磬һĿħдħһۿȥ˲ߵģ޷֮ս
۾ڵһϣͷ
һЩˣԴʣ۾ԲҲŵͨƨ
ǵһŭȣŹ⣬ûˣѳܡ
һĿħǽ֮۷ӵޣһۿȥö֣׹ħ𲻸֮ͷ
ʵǿ϶Ҳ޷ʤˡ
һۿȥս֮
ʥӵʦµľȻ£
ܹɣԼսԻܱһֹ
һ߸пһ߼ȥͻȻһ̲סüͷ𣺡ţԣͫ⣡


1297 ɫä
ϰԵĶǿ鼮ĵһۣ¼ͼݣԣڿĲǿиֵݣʶе鼮
黹ãԺʱ̲˲Ծ
ôˣ
ʥ
׷ʦޱȣӵ֮۵ſ޲У޷԰Σǰλֱü˵⡱ʲô˼
⡭
תͷǰʥǰһ£֮У˫Ŀʧ
˫Ŀʧ
֪Ǻ⣬ʥüֻѡ֪Ρ
ʱ䣬ǰǺ󱲣֮۵Ž룬ѣЩǷʧ
ǡðһ䣬̹ʥ۾ɺã֪Դɣٴʵ
ʦʥӵãֱ뿪۾ȷʧˣ
ʥͣһ£ȥѰһָ֮Ӧָܹ
ָЦһҾļѣûпܣ
ΪΣʥɻĿ
ʥӵкܶڲ̹ʥ¼鼮ʮֹģ˫Ŀʧ£֪û⴫ǰλε֪
һֱ˵ûָܻ
ԭ׾֮ͫУ̾Ϣ
ͫǷ֮۵˵Ǳھһһľÿһƣ۾ɺܴ˺ö֮˫Ŀʧҩʯҽ
ͼݷȱݣһǻ˫Ŀʧ޷Ρ
ͨ˻ߣǱǹ̶ģƣ۾еɱ˵似۾˺һЩõġ
ٸĵҩٸֶΣҲûκá
ͺǰһЩ۷˶Աһһ㶼̫óΪʱ򣬽Ǳȫ͸֧Ժ󣬸˲ԽԽ֮࣬١
ͫ۾ԺеӾ񾭣ĵ۾Իҩƣһͺսһ㣬ˡ
Ϊžã׹Ȼܺãȴкܴ⡣
˵ȱݣ
ۣ֮ͣӵмǿĹЧһʧǿֶ𣬱˵ʵ̬¶⵽ش죬Իָ
⻰޿κε̾Ϣʥü¶ã׹꣬δ쵽۾˺ʦĪΣ
ǲţҲ˲̵ʱ䣬۾ûκβʡ
᲻̫Σڿˣ
˵ʦ˭
ʦ״ӣʮ֮һһӵ似ô⣬۾ʧ
Ҫ룬ڻʦ
㻳ɣҲһССԪ񾳵ļһȥİɣ
ǲΣϸ˵һ飬֪ˡǰ˼꣬û׾ͫӦûûﵽذɣ
֪Է˵⻰
ǣ
ʥͷ
ΪԶʦ˵ˣڶأûﵽ۷塣
ûʱӦǸսͫڶسڣûۣͫ־磬ˣҹͬƣҫķսĻһЩ򣬵ڶؽŭĿӦҲ޷ʩչɣ
Ƥһ̧
ͫһĿħڶأŭĿһۿȥգأȫʩչܽ˲մ
˵һǾ񹥻ڶˡ
ʵǿģֵסᱻĨɱǳԼģҲǱѷ
ؼǣĶûκĿΪʤû취ֵ
ˣͫʥӵҲ룬λż֮ļ˿
似ܴ󣬵Ҳ鷳ҪԻۣͫףȻپĥвͿǰʵ١
ǰλûʩչͫͫ⣬ӦǴﵽ˵ڶؾ硣
㡭֪
ʥǾȡ
Է˵ķֺʱ򣬸սͫڶأأ֪Զ
Ȼֻһ֮ͫлգȻʢȴŷһеܣڶصĽŭĿͬȻɿ
ǰһŶԷһȦ
еؼͼݣͲ࣬ڻ֪ͨʶԷֻһƾҪЩǲ̫ѡ
˼ѾڶصĹȫꣿ
ʥһ۾Բ
սͫؼóӶԷʼĹ򡭡ֱ˵˵ڶصص㣬ѲѾȫ겢ס
׹ʮ֣ⱳоҪѼ󹦷򣬵ǱѧϰҹߣҲ죬¡
˻õʦĿ佱˵ʴϻۣˡ
һֻ˼ͼôܣ
׹ױУûʲôҪ
ҡҡͷδΪԷ𾪣еˣϧڶؽŭĿûв´лʱʱٳֺ㣬Դɧ֮У绹ؼǣת֮󣬻жݵʧʱ䲻
֪Ƿȷ
㡭ʥǲš
ʱȷֻʱΪǱѬ£δģѲϳʲô⣿
ﵽڶصʱʦѾ뿪޷ѯʣˣ׷Լġ
ոɣսȷйʱʧʱÿ£ѲɣͶԷ˵һд⣿
ŭĿ۾𺣣֮ʱҵ죬һ۹֮ȷǿ󣬵Ծ͸֧ҲܴʹùӾ񾭣˥ϣ𣡾ͺ̣ܹʹʮΣÿһΣһЩʮιǿʦҲ޷޲ֻϣ
ҡҡͷϧ֮ʱܸոմﵽ־磬ȴҲѪ˿࣬ϸЩ΢ķ죬ҪǣᾭԵʧߣ
֪һʧߣ
ʥһı顣
Ϊﵽ־磬ܿ˯ߣż˯һΣԾ壬мķɡ
ˣҹ٣żҲǻ˯ġ
꣬ʦߣԼͳһѧԺѹ̫һֱûôϢ˯Ҳ˯ţΪǾ̫ԵʣѲɺͫйأ
ǵáʦòҲʧߣҹݡ
ʶܵײʧǺģΪ˥Ӷ˥ؼǡɫԽԽУؼ߲֮ɫУɺڰ֣ٲḡ֡
˵⣬ͣһ£һ̾ͬ飺ҲǴ˵еġɫä
ûĻӦþǰɣ


1298 ʥľ
ͫ۾գ֮ڣö֮ɫʵĸܣԽԽأɺڰ֮ɫ
û취ָ
㣬ͼݵȱϣûᣬҽͨԸָƣƣƲ
ɫäʲô
ʥס
ʣδ˵
㲻֪
һ£漴Ȼ
ǰĲͬûСɫäҲ
һ£͵ɫäǶɫУ޷ֱɫ࣬ͺ·㿴ʲôɫ
ңʥ
ЩԴǻɫҡͷ
ǰλѾɫʧȥ۲ˣԼĳۣԴɫͻȫ
ɫ
üʥɻ󡭡ǵ
ôоأ
ʺأܿɫ
һڿмγһ߲ʵĺš
ܿɫ֣Һܶ඼ƣֱ治
ϸһᣬԽʥԽľ
Сʱ򣬿ʺ磬ֱɫȴֻ֣ʮģѲɣ˶Է˵ɫǡɫä
ʦµľͫйذɣ
ô꣬һֱʦĹǰ˵ô֤ݣ鲻ԽĲ˻ɡ
зȣ
ͣ˰죬ʥ̲סʵ
Ҳſȱݣûҵȷҡͷ
ͼֻȱݣûӴͫˣ޷䡣
оܻҵ
ֻҪ㹻ؼӦþܽ⡣
ʥĴħƣҲǴģҲäԼҲֻ޸ĳɹʩչûκδ󰭡
Ŷ
˵ͷʥ׾ͫ
֮۵ǿ֪ĺϹˣɶûˡ
Ƚ⣬ȥоһ£ٽͷ
ô似ǱȻģֻĿǰĹϹ϶Ӵлᣬ࿴鼮ȱݲˣ˵ɡ
Ŀǰ˵ҪĲ似Ϊ
Ϊ̫ͣأҲûκΰ취
ţúо죬Ըѧʲôģϸѯʣ뿪˵أûˣ
ʥ˵ͷ
лǰ
Ӧһϥڵϣ۾ſе֣ʵϾȴʶε֪ͫʶ
׹һʮദȱݣÿһм𺦡
о˲֪೤ʱ䣬ȫһ飬üģһΡ
ǲѧ©ʵ̫ˣһǿ֢ˣʵ²ȥڡ
ǿĻԽԽۣնĵ³
ôʲô֮ҿΪ𣡡
һʥֹͣۿЦӯӯĿ
Щ⣬Ҳˣˣ
֪ԷǺ⣬һ£ҡҡͷ
СԷԼѣǲ̹ʥҲˣȻҲϹˡ
ˣüʥԴã׹ҳ˼꣬ڶأֻҪϵ⣬϶ܽ
ǰλǿһۿ˾ͫȱݣ׹оô꣬ټΪ϶ǶԷԱġ
ܽ
һţһЦǺãҸպм⣬ûףǰԽħܹ壬ħ̬ģУֻƲ⣬ܹЧ
⡭
ʥס
νħȷû˼
룬ֻоɱ¾֮صģɱħ塣
˵Լ֮ڣֻǹɱ¾ɱ¾֮ʶдɱкħϣɱ¾Ҫ͵ƫĵ·
һʥݷס
ɱ¾ʱԼȷһʱ䣬Կڵɱ⣬רܵؿߣնɱˡ
Էһ˵ֱΥʦݺ˵ĵ
ڶ⣡
ش𲻳۽ˣǣ·Ҹղſһ£еڰʮߵܹնԷĿΪԪ񣬸õĽǰԤ֪ûԽл᲻ֱӱ⵽ɣûԪԶʤ㣬ǿнҲɣ
ʥȻ˵
Է˵ǡħһȱڣʦ㲷̹ʥǿߣҲ޷ֲ
Ȼȱݣսʱ򣬽ת˲ţܹ֣ҼԷ
ȱݣҲ̫Ҫ
ֻǡȻһʣĲ֪λش
ŭĿħû񣬺ͫףȽ棬ڣ̫ȻǡΪһһ෴תʱ䳤ˣܹ÷֮е·貣ȴҲѹͬӡһ㣬ԼԭԪ񹥻ñ
ĸ⡭
һ˳
ÿһʥɫͰϼ֣ʮӰԽԽ鵭ʱˤ
ѾǾȣǿ־ˡ
ͫʦȴҲӵȱݵģ覲褣ֻҪʩչ̫⣬Щ
ǰλֻôһᣬȻгֵ©һ˵ѧϰǵˣƾ֪ЩͿƵľһ֮佫۾Ϲ
亹˳Ųӣ
ͫԴѧϰһֱ޵еľ˶սֻҪʩչսʤ
Է˵ףûĸ֣Ҫϣ˫۾ܱܲסδ֪֮졣
磬۾Ľģ档
ֻһᣬôȱݡһŸָ㡭
彩ֱ˵ʥƵҪը
ղĵ˵Ҫ˼ָ㣬Էʳ⣬һ
ֻƤʹʱܲס
ǵʮɣ˵⣬ǰλش𣿡
дŰοýţ룬еʱ䣬࡭ʵڲУ˯һᣬ˽ңҽϣټѯʺ⣡
ȿȡ
ǳ鴤ʥ¡
ǰ˺󱲣ԷôͬǽŪȴԷԼһ
ؼǡЩܹشҲˣǸ˵ģ
˵ʦܹҲ϶޸ķˡ
ʦˣŻش𡭡˵죬Ҳ
˺ˣȴסˡ
ܹĹ̥ô
˼˲֪ãֶЩ⣬һشֻε꿴ȥȴһȻڵѾ˯ˣǲͣſˮ֪εЩʲôЦݡ
⡭ǵһǣ
ǳһ£ʥǰڣֻһƣͣζƺܲסˡ


1299 
λ֮۵ĺ󱲣ÿһ񣬵ʥ˿ͫ󣬸ǾΪˣϸʲ㣬˾ķ
һﵹãһۣԼסȻ󡭡ܹȥ˯ˣ
̹Ȼ𡭡
ǳԶң޷
ƵҡҡͷεǰĹ˼
вˬȴҲ֪ǰһ˵û˿󣬵ƾ⼸⣬˵Ծͫ⣬
϶äĿ
ԹĴǣŲ㣬;߾磿
ֲ֪˶ã˸۾
ӵǱ۹ûţ·ϸǱָžƣɽڲʥտȫ⣬ľ֮£˯ʮ
ҹˣ
վ˸ĬĬһʱ䣬̲סһ
Ϊֻ˯һңû뵽һ˯ҹ붼Ǻߣܲ˼
Ҳѹ̫ԵʣһֱûúϢȻɣԺûʱŹô졣
Ǽһｫҵû
һ£תͷʥķȥͼλߣѾõʱʧһ˫۾죬˵Ĳɣ˹˾ʱ
ôˣ
һ飬һ
˯ǰúõģôһ⸱ģˣ
ˡ
ʥɫǺ죺⣬˼졭ʵڻش𲻳
ڣܽһҲСǸ߹Լû취ɹ
Щ⣬ԽԹҲͶҡԽڣɣԼǰߵĵ·Ƿȷˡ
벻ˣɶ£ԺʱעͺˡΪʲô£οһ䡣
ʥĸˡ
ôоѧһ
˵ʱ죬ǲǸóȥˣ
ܿһۣ۵ռڣɻĿҵĻ֡ô죿
˶ȥˣ˯죬һͨô죿
ԵȣھͰŪ֡
ʥ¶Ρ
һֱ˼ƽԷˣˡ
õѧԱɲˣʥӵҲûдڵıҪˡ
ǰǳõѡˣͫʱһæӳɼ˿̫ܵˣ¡
ָһ㣬Ƭ̺˿
ˣĻ֣Ѿ㹻뾫Ӣˣ
л
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ܹ˳ΪѧӣȻλʥӵĵһλŪġ
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⵹ǣ飬Կռմﵽһ磬Ҫþȫ˿ɵУ۵ռ䣬ƶܲס
ǰżλ˵еŲС츳һǻԣ

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ӦĳĿ飬ɼͻȻɣò˵ȷã
ǰǫЩϧǰʮģϧͷȥֻܺ;Ӣʧˣ

죬һֱΣĸʲôطˣһˢ±仯ҳɼôԣˡ
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ܱ˵ɣ˴ȣػܼġ

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԰ҲףΪҪѲɾò
Ҫʲôûʩչ
еʮһԷ϶ǲ

̨ˣ֪˽ֵģҲһ֡
ǰձһ٣һжûסֳѵñĻ
㻹Ҫұ䣿
ǰһͬĿ
ȻǾӢѧԺʤһΣӦòѹΪɣ
ǫߵ
ԲѹΪͷ
Ǿͺãʼɡ
ǫһߣڵͷųϢֱ
벽򾳣ѹ֡
ܵԷɢһ£漴Ȼ
ѹһΣҹԼ鷳ԭĹΪˣȻﵽ˰벽


1303 żҵѪ
¡
˼ͼǰǫһ˹
벽򾳵ȫʩչܵĿһ𣬽ֻ̨̨֣Ҫеˣⱻնɱ޷⡣

ͷ
żҵĸ֣ΪһСΣǰơ
ӣ㣬Ūû䡣
˫üһָҲŶԷĵ˹ȥ
ֻԪ۷壬Ϊ㣬ȱݣֻĽ⣬֮⡣
˻
ָγһ貵Ľûǰ͸һִ̹ǵĺ⣬ƺܽκζ̴
ţ
ǫû뵽Խô֮Ūû̱̳һƣȭͷѹ
¡
һȭִ٣ʵȴˮһ˳ٶȣ̺һָûԷǰͿܻᱻһȭؿڣɢˡ
Ȼžǿ٣
𾪡
ǰһƾͽķΪǸ׶ԸļһڿЩˡ
ƾֱٶȣ˵ս⣬Ȼﵽ˼ˮƽһЩսʦҪǿ١
ս⣬ԷǿȻǲһأٴο˹ȥ
գ۹򣬶ԷĹǱһ㣬Լǰ
д
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һϸߴԶӶԷĶ䡣
λǫսͬʱȻ˸
õһطأ֮۵Ļ
ӦǶԷΪ˷ֹеĺϵ˷֡
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һһֱǫһղҲעˣżҵһλţʥӵĿеʮƷ壡
ѹһҶսҲѸݡһָ㣡
Щһ˲Ժɣ˿̶ԷȭͷȻǰ
һЦҲһƣǰһ㡣

ǰĿռ̷˱仯Էȭͷ̶ͬ޷ǰ֡

Ǳ뿪һ·ָžҲûţһ׵սϡ
ǰʩչͬһ֣ȫӡڣڣȻ԰γһСС򣬼Ƚʡģʮأ޷ʤ
ǫȭͷסûһЧĽٲñУֱǰߵһġ
˻
ѪҺɽɢ

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˽̸Ḷ̨́ϵǫѪ׼Ϊܻǰ벽򾳣ȴͣһֺľ޵ĸо

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ţ
Էü
ΪѪıʩչ߼似û뵽ȻֻǸֱȭ
ȭһЩͨ似Ҳɣ
ѲɣѪǿȴøӱˣ
ҪνѪʲô壿
Ȳˣ֮սӦÿԿżѪ⣡
֪Щûãһӭ
ΣҲû似ͶԷӲӲ

ƷͶԷȭͷۼҪһͻȻǰһȫëȻը
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֮ǰδöԷǿûô£˿ŷ֣ѪǫеĻҪ¡
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ֻһľ룬֪ΪΣɲǾͳǰһȭ

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ħƣ
֪ԷٳָղŹ󣬿϶ֵסһȣһʥľʩչ
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ԼĴħʩչ϶ܽԷ棬׾پƳĹɽͺԷǰԤ֪ԼĽһûӦͽȭͷ޷ķΧ
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ѣɫ࣬˼˵һĴڶ
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ǳ
ʱ̣
ͫһɫࡣ


1304 ˳ͻ
ҵѪ츳֪ǣռΪСأƿ˾飬ʵǿ˼ɵ
żҵģžѪϡòѪ֪츳ʲôζû뵽Ȼǣʱİأ
ʱգĻ
ʱǰ棬¡
ѹǰӦԣӦʱöԷ֣ʤԭȼѪһȭԼܸӦʱ䣬Ȼ˱仯ϿҲͺ˲һˡ
ֽսֻڷֺ֮䣬ʱֻ̣аٷ֮һҲ쳣ֲˣ
ֲʥżңܹ½һ壬˾ηԭӵ˿µѪ֮
ȼѪʱ֮ҲܴûУѾΪ̡
ͬʱҲ㡣
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ͺǫֻʩչȭѾζЩֲסʱˤ
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ղҪۣܹ֮Էȭ·ԼĿģǰԶ϶Ȼˡ
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׶ԷĹ죬գ۹ƶ˶Բߡ
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ȫԴƵС

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ĵֱɳգ۹ʹ̨ľ룬ǫǰ
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ͬƥֱӴ͸ߵĽơƣ䶤̨ϡ

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ҿһ䣬ӦȻһֱԷ׷Ŵھ㲻ˣҲ϶䡣
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һ΢ӹ̨ϳһӰǸղŴƷ壬ͷһڵϵǫܿҪ˵Ĳ˿̨֡
ԣæ̨ү˵ҩȥ
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Ʒתûκα顣
ָǫңսʵҲ
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սΪҪǹƽȼѪҲˣȻ̨»ָ㣬ڹȻƻء
ҲҺұһ
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㣡
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ˣ
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ü
ʥǿߣӳϾʼԽԽһС𣬾ս
ˣʱԿԽˡŸСսܻʤԪġͺˡ
սˣǲʵ̫ˡ
ͺ12һ̶ȣһںڣͬһ̶ȣеȴ˲֪١
Ԫ񾳺򾳣мĴ׽٣֮󣬲һǰ㡣
ܺͰ벽ǫսѾˣ򾳳ڵżŶ²ÿǱɡ
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ΪʥؼʦˣղλĹܹƶϳʵ
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ˣ
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ô£Ϊƿæңζû뵽һ¶ûУ
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ţ
ǿԽʱյľ룬٣գ۹ǰֻһӭ
̣
޴ĳģϣ󵹷ɣ涼һ޴ӡ

òסΣֻϢͬһ㣬˵ʹ
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䣬ֻ˵ɷʮʱ䣡

ʮƷЦ
ڵʵĶ֣ԣʮһ˼·
һ³һЦ˳㡭ͻƣ


1305 ϴ裡
˳ͻƣ
ͻơ˳𣿡
ʮô̵ʱ䣬ܸɶϸɣ
Ļ̨һȻ
еļλϣҲԡ
ͻƣҪҰң׼׵һսҪͣʮʱ䡭
Ϊͻ
ãҸʮͿûˡ
Ҳһ㶣ƷЦ
ģûôġ
սҪʮͻơܲٳһ㣿
ʱ䣬ʲôã
Ԫ񾳶ѣͻˣҲ϶Ƕ֡
˵ʮ仰ĹˣͻҲδ֪飬֪ϾϣαQһȭ
ˡ
мĵ˵ͷһҺȡ˳οƿſھȥ
ⲻǺȵġ
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ҺԵҺ裬գתָմһ㣬ˮĥĹģһƿҺҪʹüꡭһˣ
ⶫ㣬ֱ̫£Ⱦ綾Ҫң˵Ԫ񾳣ǿߣҲ϶ɡǸʲô
ΪԷǾˣٹʦŸһƿһˡɾѴˡ

ŵò֪Ǻãͼ̨ϵ꣬ǵûɱ񣬵ڵԽԽǿѻ˲֪õɽ飬ʱй
ţһըĺΪֱͻԪ۷壬ﵽ˰벽ϵĵز
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ΪԷ׵磬Լô벻ƨûУϴʮֿġ
ʮˡ
ֱƬ̣ͻȻӦһȡ

ƺ˺еԪֹͣˡ衱һţ׵磬ʺһΣ
һ̣۾ԶƷ壬ǸȻ
ʵڲ˼׽٣̫ˣһռ˱ˣɡУ


1306 ̤
Ӹղ˵껰ͻơɹ׽٣һʮһ֮ǰ֤ĶһԷûû͵ϮǺܴˡ
ζҪ
˵ʲô
ҧĿҪѣƷÿҪըˡ
ջҲ˿̿ҪУֱǳӣ
ְɣڣҲ֣
˫ֱһЦ

ƷҲͲס
żң츳ŲǰУһȣˣǫҪæ𣬲δż̬˳ȵ̬˿Ҳ̲סˡ
ǰһﲻϲ˵İ޲ý˺ˡ
̣
һݣ̤
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żҵ̤
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кӰεЩƣӸ
ʩչУƷ忪ʼˣ
λҪˡܸղͻƺ˾ޣϾڣ̫Щ

۷׷ס
ղŵͻƣ𾪵ţǿӦͻ۹ˣͲһš
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һƣģƽ棬Ϊ֣ȴо죬ƺյⶼڵһԿ֮С
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׼ŭû֣似һ֣Ʒ̨׹뺣ףҪߣİš

һЦ˫ɱһǽµĵ棬һ㣬̶Ĺһࡣ
ͻƵϾڣսٴαһֹ˿̵ûԹжǿҪþȫƷܹģˣŸöԷУ˿š
ȻֻԪ񾳵Ǳ۹УٳϾؼִӼ索ָѵһЩûγȴҲˣټʱĿޣ㹻ϹЧǿĺҺһٳɹ
˰벽ϣﵽαϵľ硣
ڶɽ٣ʥ٣ټ׻֮ԪѴ̸֮ɫ׽٣˵򵥵ġ
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ΪԷֻһ㣬û뵽ȻҲ似
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ÿٶȣʲô
̤е߾磬̤޺ۣ
û뵽Ȼֵزţ

ϳģȫǾȡ
̤У似츳Ҫĥ²Уʹﵽ۷޺֮츳֮ߣࡣ

ȵĿУƷȻ׵ĵطһ죬˲ͷţڡ
̸еһѹȸУ˷ӵƽץס䶯á
ǿ
ɫء
ͨʥسڣˮһѹȸв̫ǿﵽڣһˮ۷ݽԽԽǿ
ˣķΧ󣬵ȼȴܺ֡
ԷͬǳڣǿҪƿҲûôס
ȻУûгֵĻˡ
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֪һﵨҲ̫ˡ
ľٶȫЩ
ڣʩչ似ƽʱһղŵſƾѾܿˣ˿̶㶼㡭Ūûᱻ
ҪҪֹ
ż̲סȥ
áƷзִģʵڲ˵
Ҳȭͷйâ˸֪Щʲô

𾪵ĿУƷļϣһҵҵĴ䡣
ˡ
λոͻƵ꣬Ȼû㿪˾ñɣ̲ס۾
ûĲҺһٵıըƷһƺߡ
̧ͷȥͼλżţƲͣżˣɫͬһķס
ʲô
ס۾ˣûղŵȫһͷˮ
׽٣
һʦǼ
׽٣
ʦԪ񣬸ղһ׵磬ûл⣬ǲȫղƷĹǰЩ׵絲ס˲˵⵽˷ɣ㿴ɫףӦԪˣ
ۿʦ˷ܵص
׽ܲȫԿ
ȫһΡ
׵ɽڣԪ񣬶ʱȷЧʱˣһּ˺
ѾڣҪͷųѣ˵սʱˡ
ʱƷ֮Ӵֻһ¾׵磬⽫֮ˣһá
ѵ֮ǰͲ³ƷʩչƷ˵СʵԷõĴԪ˳ٽ
֪˭˳
ڳи֣ȫǾ֣š
ǹ⣬㾫ȷ׵磬ԼƷʵΪϰߣҲ˽⵽˼㣬ﵽһֺŵĵز
ȻֻҪŪһ㣬˵ĶǺߣ
⻹𣿡
˿ĭеţȫһ¶ֻš
츳ߵҲˣȶɽ
ϣܹӮ


1307 ˣ
ʦ֮ܿô˼飬ܹΪ桭
˫۷Ź⣬žĳݡ
ΪżҺ󱲣ľǡλšĴţˣСʣľڡѾתǰλ
СšҲֻѪǿˣôܺȣ
ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ԥܽ䳬վ֮ۡ
ȷͬ
īҲԭء
ѹΪԷɻܣ֪һﲻͬѰֻû뵽˲Ѱ
ӣֻҪúǰУűʥӵҲȡһϯ֮أ
ѹˣ
ոɵ׵ƷԿ壬ɿššӣһЦ
׵ȷ֮ڣղŽһУͼݾͳ˶Էȱݣ֮࣬һƳһķ
ಣ
Ӱ磬Ʒǰָٴδ˹

Ի͵ǣߵһӴпһӣǰ
Ԫ۷壬УܵǣͿƣڣ˶ԷܹܵķΧҲû֮ǰЧ
ƣ
Ԫͷ亹ֱðһһģӭ

ʺĽһ𣬺Ʒ³һ
ñˣ
ƽսȡѾ˰ɣ
Ϊʥŷʤñ˶սĻйƽԣ

ȡûγʣ·۷׷ףǲá
ʥŷִ壬ñʵ̫ˣóһ˾ˣȡѾû֮ǰôƽˡ
˵ۣһöҩղű׵繥ƣָһЩƷٴ˹
ȡȷ
³һһЦģ֪ǴԴ۹ɢޣҲ۸㣡˪ǰ벽Ʒʥ֣ȷʧƽֻƷ𡭡ʹñֻýʣҲΥء
һƷ彫ȡ£ʣӳһ貶Ŀĸо
õǽʣʵɸһŨŨѹȣսһֹ
ֻýʣ
ĽʣƷʥֵĻδ̵ȼ֮ȷûΥأ
Ʒ彣żҵĽҪӦ϶Ƕ֡
ǰżҵĽҲʮֲֿ

˽ͷӶ
˪ְ벽Ʒıһʣݺᣬͬ򾳳ڣֵס˵λˡ
Ҫȶȷ۸ˣɡֻǽʣջ࣬Ҳʩչͬı˵ǹƽˣ
ôɸҺұһ
һЦƷ忴˹
ֻýʣ
ü
ʹñ
ƷͷղǱԹ似ҲԶԱˣϾʹñֳսңóģͽֹ
⡭ɡ
Է˵Ĳú˱ȷս
ͺ֣óǹ˵սӣͨսʦ˲ϡ
ԼñҪΪ̫һȭܹ鷳ˡ
ҿɷȿʹñʵپʹòʹã
˼һ£
һñǿǿԿ֮һսǿֿ̫࣬ȭսʤûҪ齣ȡˡ
Ͼʹȷͦ۸˵ġ
ҵʵҲã
һЦƷǰһơ
̳һ˹
һУ񽣷ǹշԼʮѨλҪУԤֱɥʧսܵش
ǿ
۾ָ
âӭ

һ죬âͽײƷüëһһ

˳ѹ
Ľâ֮һʱ⵽˷Эͬʵ
ͫһٴκˡ
ѹһ˵Լʹñǿһ֣˳Ȼ֮ǰ𼫴ˡ
Ȼõֻǽʣǰƽǹɨǹ鶯ǽںϣʤ
˺ֱܶ似һνӴҲЩæҡ
ͶԷ˵һȷڱ˺ܴ󹦷ʹñĻսʤһ

˵Ŀ죬ԷĽʸ죬󣬼ٶƺö޷ܿ
̤СȻ
һ
̤ŶԷĻߺ˵Ϊ֮ˣˮˮ֮ϡ
Ϊֻǲζû뵽λƷȻ˱棬ֻҪ취ȥеĽʣͻӰһʲôĶٶȶ죬ӰΣԱܿ

𾪵ʱҲܵ˶ԷĽʵӰ͵һΣ޽ʩչ
գ۹򣬳̨һ࣬ͬһʱ̣ƷХ
ħƣ
ûۻ߶ը֮ҵϢ̨ͣζ
һ£Ҳ似˳ٲ׷ϡ
ôʹñʵɣ
ջؽʣһЦƷ԰
ʵȷ԰ʱ
ȷ
ͷ
ֻʹ˽ʣ˵δ֮һԼûѵżţֶη࣬ǿĿ¡
ɸҺñһղſ㽣ǿӦϳսʤɣ
Ʒ
ýȷһЩֻҵı̫ͣ¶㲻ƽ
һ£ҪҲʹýʰɣ
ýʣ
ƷЦղֻһ£ʹñҪսǿ֪ٱֻýʣĻˣ
⵹ᣬҾ㲻Ҳģ
Է˵ЦЦ
ŶǺãҼʶһ£㲻ҿֻýʣܷӳʲôս
һƷֱƽ٣Ϣݺᡣ
СͿʼǹꪣ̰ԣˣһƽƽĽУһ㣬ͬ𿰳޵С
ԷҲý֮ս
ʲôЦ
Ȼ֪ߵغǾ͸ѵ֪˶Ʒ壬ʹýʾܷӳڽ
ȷýʣ
гɡ
Ȼ
üëһƷЦô᲻˰ɣ
ǵᣬעˣҵĽˡ
һҧǰһ˦

Ʒһ㶣ţ͸еһɼٵľХæ̧ͷȥ漴һֱü׵Բֱ̨ͷ­
žણ
ûӦͱҳˡ̫֣¶治ͣ鴤ÿҲ֪ˣҲ޷ˡ

ԷһжûסͷҵĽЩʵڲ˼ǰ˸㡭


1308 ס
齣һֱ칤ʯ̨ϣҲɽʡ
ʯ̨칤ƷûзļҪ˵ȼĻȷƷˣʹóΥ档
ֻǡⶫޱȣǿߣòȻҲס޷ˡ
˿̣ȻӲϣûˡ
Ľʣ
һ
ôô󣿡
Ʒˡ

̨Ȼ˶˿ĭƤ
̫޳˰ɣ
˼ֻͨĶôġ˭ܵס
˰ҡ
ҿûȥսȻԻᱻ
Ʒ嶨ģֻǰִУҲǰкˡֲ˱ˣ
˵𾪣һץʡջشָƷǰͼͷƤףŤ黨ϻžֵı顣
ģ˵ҡ
ָһ㣬㽫עڰæˣٴηХһٴγ
ס֣
ݵͳƷһ£ֻ֪ǶݵĻʣ޴󰭣˿ιһöҩһץ߻̨µȺ˹ȥ
л飬׿Ʒõܣ֮ǰ³ç£
Щ׿ȭ
Ͽʵ⣬Ƿŭ

λ׿ղžӢϿʮһλҲżҵˡ
ִԴ۹ȴͣӵʵϣҲ̸УŵĴӣͲʱˣǣ
Ŀһ׿ٶ˵һΣӸ̨ȥӯ
תߣҲ֪Ǻ£ҲصԼλá
սϼѯʡ
սս˼
ղ׵ֶΣƷΣʵҲˣû˲ۣ鷳
һʱսһЦˣλסѾϣڴݵϲѯϢȥԵİ༶ʽϿΣ
ӦǣȡȻ渡Լס·ߡ
߰ɣ
кžһʥӵķȥ
㳡ǸߴŻϷ֡ʥӵҲǽϣд˸塱֡
֪Ʒһ֮У·֣ڿһ硣
Щ֣ǵʥӵĵһλʥµģ򣬶黭ְҵĽмô
ž˷ܡ
۷弶黭ʦ֪ĸֵ
ּ黭һǲ׿Կġ
Ȼˣȴû˿ˣʶĿͬոдһ
Щ֣ܹԼάī𡭡
ͷ
û뵽Ǹڻþĥļһ黭ôд⾳塣
֪Ͳ˯ˣͶԷѧѧ黭ʱ䣬Ҳܽ١
Ǵ½ѧҡǽˣ
֪Щ֣ſڣߣлῴžھᣬǿǰŻ̲סпۿ졣
Ϊ֧ӵܣĸҪȺӵܻ࣬Ϊܹܵӣǰͱ磬ǰԴ۹ֻΪһڼԶò
ΪⱲܽһû뵽ջˡ
Ѫֻʼͨ˸һЩҪߵ۷壬ҪŬ
֪ĸܣЦЦοһ䡣
Ѫ츳ȷ˶ģЩֻ𲽸ߵѣҪߵ۷壬ҪĻǲиŬǿƴ
û츳ҲûкõʦͳǿѪ˵һסͬһ߹ﵽڵĵز
츳ߣҲãмַܽģ
ûֲϱ񣬲ϷʡɳǾܳΪǿߵġ
ǣ
žͷ
߽ʥӵ̸ееŨ˺üҪǣ̺һϢƺˬ˼ά
ѹܹô˹Ȼʥأ
Ũ뱸Ļ㲻ѰʯΪҲ죡
⣬ͬʮڳΪʦվ֮ۡ
סĵط̫ԶϵĵͼܿǰǸıԺܸŨУʹҲ念ٲ
žûǰͺֿˣͨѧԱֻסᣬԶԶûﵽִ
͵ԶʦѧԺһ۷ѧӣסǱͨѧӣֻסᡣ
ӢסĵطȶԷҪõĶ࣬ԼڵıԺԵġ
ǰȡƣķӡ̴򿪣ţҪ߽ȥͼһȵӰԼԱߵԺ䣬ͣ
Ǳԭų
лӸղڱеĸ֪
ȭ
֮ǰҪǶԷ˵żҵѪ츳ʱ̣ҪʤѪǫܻҪ໨һЩ
ʦˡ
æ񣺡Ӧģ
ǰλٹʦǶаʦ֮꣬ΣգûȥæѾЩˡ
סĵط
Ů⿪ǰķӡʱ߽ȥЩ֡
Ǵɽſ˵һסһԺ޿ɺǣλϸˣʮӦúԼסѽ
֪ʦסҺͱ˻һ£ЦЦ
ԱԺǵ49סģʮıԺȻȻ⡣
һ㶡
ǣʦٹʦΪԭϵ⣬ĴˣȻϣܹסĽһЩʲôҪչ˵ģҲܾܸϹ
΢΢һЦ
ʵЩżҵ˻ٹ鷳סڸǰҲ໥Ӧ
ô˵ǫ鶼
ˣ
Ȼ
ѹǰλ̬ȴ䣬ԭѾ֪Լŵʦ
֮ǰ˵Լѧ¶ԷֻǱԭһͨӣ֪£˵鷳󣬸ѽ͡Ȼ֪ͺðˡ
Ȼ֪ҺŵĹϵԶĴѶƣ˵ϼ䣬֪ɷ񣿡
һ£ϣĿ˹
뿪ʱûдѶƣ˵УôԶľ룬Ҳ޷ѶϢ
ǰλǱԭˣ϶ŵķպÿԺϵһ¡
δҪ˵λѧǼٵġ
ԶĴѶơҪ󷨽мӳ֣ϵٹ󷨣Ƚ鷳ңʵҲв㣬Ҫҵʱ䣡

£
ü˹֪ҪõǼģҶҲͨһ԰æ
µʱڱ˵һչؾ˵Щ󷨵Ļǿ԰æһ¡
Ǹ˼󷨡

˼
ͷּ󷨣ֻҪ̫ӣҿԲãɷ񡭡ҿһͼ


1309 
ڶ󷨵⾡ֻǼ𣬵ѧϰ󷨣ʵǰ˼ڵͼѧϰҲпɲóɹ
ã
ӴƴЧ󷨶ѣ㲻ʲôܣûκαһһͼֽ˹
ֽӹͷȥ
Ѷǰֻ󷨣źܹԶĽźţͨѶЧ
ԭϼ򵥣ʵȴ临ӡ
Ȼǰ˼Ʒ󷨣ڶ󷨵⣬óɹҪʱ䣡Ҳκβأ̫鷳ˡ
ü
󷨵⣬ܱһЩƷʦ˿󷨣Ҫע̫࣬вǵǿѶЧŪûƻƵĽṹ䱨ϡˣҪѼѪ㣬ҪĹ
˵ֻΪ˲һ󷨡ʵ̫ˡ
ҪȿһʦУ
֪󷨵⣬һЩ˼Ƭ̣˼ƻ
ڶ󷨵⣬õĻʱֻܳҪ˸ʦȥص鼮ٲþӦúܼˡ
ʦܷã
ü
һЩҡҡͷ΢΢һЦˣ֪ʥӵеط˰ʦȿһ£Ȼоһ£βãҲһЩ
ʥӵִ½һѧӦûиְҵ˵ĵطȻôศ޵ѧӣθһ
Ҫģû˸ޣʦҲܿˡ
˵ȼĵطڡǡ֮ǰרŴ˹֪λãҪҴʦȥɣ
Ҫʱ򣬿˰ʦЦЦ
ͷˣͷ
ղͨƣѾ֪ʥӵһЩ֣ͬãͺԶʦѧԺԼսʦЩطȫͬ
ǰְ߰ҵĲ֣ͬѱѧԺѧԺ似֮ġ
ҲΪȴְҵ֮޹أֽ
ֱǣʡ塢ǡţ
ʵʦڿκѧԱѧϰڣ֪ʶѧϰܣĻ
ĥ¶Կ˵ĳѧ֮ϣ֮ĸ顣
ԡսĳ
ǵְҵˣѧϰǻ۵ڡ
ŵģĥƷʵĵط
ţãϣʥӵ
ǰеѧӣʵǿ󣬸Ҫǣе£
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ͷٶ˵ȴ·
ǵ˵һãʵϲһǺͺԶѧԺԺϵһ㣬Ǹ޴ķ֧
̺ϰְҵĿ˳ء
ٶȼ죬ʮӣڴ۴Ǹ޴ǽ棬֪ʲôɣм䣬һ֣һ֮С
ǡǡ֡
֡оϤ
鲻ԽͣסŲ
ͬ壬ǰġʥӵ֣ȻͬûɢǿҵϢȴһߵؿУˣſػָ䡣
ǡʦµ֣
֣Ժһ
ˣˣ
۾һ
Ǳˣ˴ʶĺˣ˯˽ӽһ£˹
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оôʵûн
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ˣں˴Ժ۾ҵʵ˺ܴ⣬ʥǿߣǶ֣
ЦЦ˴
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һǰһųϾ۷壬ں֮󣬾Ȼֱӱ湻µģ
߶Щɶ˰һһ̬ѹô󡭡
ԼѧţΪ϶ڸߵĶ࡭
ҲӵʥԿʵòŪ˸ʵǿķ찤򡭡
˴ԣ֪ܶʶ׻һһֱʥصģȫˡ
˽ŵ
̫ˣ
۾ˡ
֮ǰīֻõ˻ĹʥΪû취ͣһʱ䣬õʥǰصķ˿Ҳ۷塣
⣬ԺͿѰҹڻķںϳ׻
ԡ׻귨׻ʦе𣿺Ϊλ᣿
һ뷨Ժ
īµ֪ʶ׻깦׻ʦְҵĴУˣôһƪģ
Ȳô࡭
֪ЩҲãмʵ׻깦ţ
ܺͿʦսĳǿߣĹȻҲʮ־ҪܹѧϰʵҲкܴ
˵ţ˵ʣھʹ㡭
˵꣬漴еһ֪ʶԺ
֪ʶԷں˺˵ļ䣬Ȼס
Ȼ
괫֪ʶҡҡͷ
׻깦ԽоţһöûС
ʺ壬кܴĲ࣬Ҳ޷ֲˡԷķ츳ߣҲ޷ɵġ
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пһ̲ס̾Ϣ
ҪܹԺѼͻ򵥲٣ΪͻҲøס
ڿ̫ˡ
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Ȼ˺˵ļ䣬أټ꣬ټ䣬ҲǺģģڿʦ¼ֻ˵ţϸ˵ĻҲ˵ˡ
ˣղ˵ǿʦ֣ʲô˼
֪ԷԺϸѯʣûҪʱ䣬ղŵĻ̲סʵ
ǡ֣ǿʦױдҾ֮ǰķʥ̨飬ö࣬ɵĻӳǿʵ
˷ܵ
ɣʱ
һ롣
ʥӵ½һѧܳ˼ҿʦµ֡ƻûɣͻᱻ
ŪãԼҲܲˣ
£ôô
һǰּȥ
ѹЩ죬ʥ̨ϵ飬оܶ飬ͶԿʦϤˡ
ǡ֣ԲͬԺ˸Ĺâ۲죬ǻ۱Ǵ󿪡
ͣԭأЦ
ţ
ͷ
֣ȷҪȷʥ̨ʦǿĶ࣬⾳ϣӸʱ䳤ˣҲϴǣ˼άøѸݡ
ǿʦֱʡʥ֣֮һȣǲ˺ܴһء
ѹӵܣΪʥӵѧԱ˵˵֣жԪȹΪãͻơܹѹħ
𺳣ɸп
ʥӵпʦĴѹħҲ
£ˣ壬Ը⽫ĺ͵ܴкָ㡣
ȥɣ
һᣬ˲٣Ǹп
ţ
˵ͷһ˽ȥ


1310 ƻϣ
ƹü֣ҵʦĿڡ
߽ȥΪ壬ֻмˣʦʢȻͬ
ʥӵÿյ࣬ܽеģһسǿ˵ȼƽʱûʲô˹ģ͡
ãұȽϲ徲
ЦЦ
ǰˣΪʲôŶӣҪ뿼˵㣬ҪȻʸ鷳ޱȣپʡȥ鷳
Ը
λʦ
ǰ̨һʮķԱӭһЦ⣬ؿʦĻ£ȻﵽǼ
ţ뿼һ°ʦͷ
ǣ
Աһ£㣿
ǣͷ
һ·Ҳ֪ˣʦ½ԸؼļΪϿֻмˣܹ۲Ӧ鼮
о˼󷨣ֻȿ˳ɹ
ھֻʦ罫֪ʶڻͨͨӦòѡ
˼ʵ̫СˣЩԾ
һЦԱŵ֪ǻ´Ұ걨

һʦĻµ˹
Ṭչʾ᳤Ͱˡ
ֽӹԱһ֣һ鼮һᣬŵͷɻ󣺡ݼ¼ʦ㿼ʦʱ䣬£ôҪˡǣ
˴ǿ˰ǣҪʮĻۣҲҪ꣬һŸտ£Ҫǡ̫˰ɣ
ǣͷ
ǺãѾ걨ˣ
ȷϣæһ󣬷ԱŵͷһЦȴ·
ܽʥӵǼԺգ츳ֻǸԱ˿Ӻ͵
ܿ죬һ䣬һλ߹ճϣλʦ˰ʦ
ǰʦĻ£˿ҫâΪԲ󣬲ʩչȼ
²ʥء
ʦԣн࣬ºѧߣԿɳΪѧˣʥӵʦиְҵߣλӦǵʦʦ
һۣĵ
ϵĽܣʥӵҲ˽˲١
ʦܿԸޣҪ˵һ棬ﵽͨ۷ģǶӦְҵߡ
ͺʦҲʦޣһ;̫רŵĺ᳤ȣͲֵһˡ
ҵרʦҲȫ֪ȫܡ
Ǵﵽ۷弶
ˣʥӵڸ޵ʦְҵĴڣǵһʦ
ѧӣѧĸӾϸ
㿼˰ǣϿһ飬ճϽסü˰ǣҪΪﵽ򾳣ųϾڣΪܹóӦ󷨣
󷨣ϾְҵΪҪΪϿ
ûΣԷһ۾Ϳ˳
ճϣʦֻǳϾڣս򾳳ڣ˿廰
ʵͨȥ󷨽ݡ
ճϵ˵ͷ
ʥӵʱˣʲôŶԷֱ죬ΪͨҲʲô
лϣʣμʵ
ԣ˿
ԷҪﵽ򾳳ڲܿˣ»ҪѰҸߵȼʯԼܻҪ໨Ѽʱ䡣
ﱾиרս󷨣ҡҡͷΣϧղǸƻˣŪˣûü
ƻ
ɻ
ǰǰЩ꿼һλţһڿޣȫŪƻ˲֪ٶǵι˰ʦг϶ȥˣ½󷨽ݶˡ
üģճƺλƻʮͷۡ
ƻ֪λƻƻ档
ǰˣҲƻѾضˣ˵ɽһˣɽžͺúõģûκ⡣
ƻճϺӴְҵҲ˵ÿһҪһһΣµ̵ŪıϡڶΣһ侲ҡǵΣΪֻǵĿʵֽսŪıϣֱʮƻ
һطƻΡ湻˵ģſĿɿڴ
ҲƻͨһطһΣһǹһطΣȷùˡ
ƻҲϵģһطɾ졭϶Ҳͷۡ
ǰ˾ͿˣҪķѡһ˾Ĺĵİ˰֣ճһӡ
ҲֹƻģȻĵģҲˣ
пһͬܡ
ƻҺãǰÿζ⡣
ˣ˵ЩԽ˵ԽճҡҡͷҪ̫Ҳܶһѧ߶
йҲˣٴοĵ˵ͷܲ
ƽѧӣ˵ƻĻȫΨΨŵŵģҳһ￴ⲻ£ڱʾᡣ
кøд
׼һ£ھ͸ʵ˼һ£
ԣճϲ˵󷨻θԣ
̲ס
ܼ򵥣ҽΪѹ͵򾳳ڣҽ֣ܽסУͨճЦЦ
ʵ󷨻ˣǲܿ˵ģ˭ǰλ˳أ
ͨˡ
ԣ
ΪʲôĿˣ⣬˿
Ǻãɣ
վճϼм䡣
ʮֻֿǼһʵĻ´ࡣ
֨֨
ϢճϽΪѹƵ򾳳ڣһУһЦþȫȻΪ˼û򾳵ʵǣˣǲˮģ
һᾡģ
˵ͷء
ԷѹΪпʥصǿߣʵ۹⻹ǷӦƷԱģȷС

ڵһ̤Ӱζһ֣֮˸ճϷӶ
֮вԴ۹սʦѧϰһʥƷ似ͨͣıλãֹԷ͵Ϯ͹
Щ͸ֶսʹã£ٶȷɿ죬˺ңͬȡ
ܲ
ճ۾һ
ΪԷֻǸϾڣЩʣӰףȷӵʵ
ˣ
пһһͷųγֱҵ

ڣġ֮вʱĻ׹ӣû֮ǰ鶯
ҪˣһУѪƣǽ֮ɣҪСˡ
ǰ꣬ŷɧҺܳƻʮοܳû飬ȴУ͸¶һЩϣԷҪˡ
İɣһᾡȫģ
ԷǿʱѪڣӰͻȻһ޽ʩչ
ͨսһǣһһϰˣһ򣬻
ղŹá֮ߣǽԷעең˿޽ϣټϿռϵãûӦѾճϵǰ
һһӭϡ
Է˵ˣѪƽ֮һ־Ǵħơ
¡
ƶ
ʲô
û뵽ԷôǰҴ͵Ʒճͫһûü˵͸еһɽӿϮ
ôôǿ
оǱУճһ飬ȫǱӲ飬󵹷ɶ
ڿУҪ⿪ԼӡΪ͸еԷԴԴϣˮûȥ
¡
ݺײڴǽϣҳһ޴Ŀ
꣡꣡
ײ̫׺ݣһִѷ죬ǽӣһֱݶ


1311 ƻ£
⡭
üëһһֲԤдð
òƣղǸƻֻŪ󷨣ûڵĴ˰ɡ

òȻҲͷǲ⡣
˵õ֮أ
˵õǿƥأ
ֻһơ͵ɳȥҰǽײˣ᲻ˮŵ̫ˣ
㡭
Ŵӳз˳ճݷ̣û
𿼺ʦĳϣѹΪսһƴɡ
ؼǣպͶԷ˵Լ˼Сġ
Сĸƨ
ӦСİɣ
ճϣʣµлҸղšֻһ
һ£ʵ
һ룿
ճһΡ
ǰղʩչƷʱ
͡
⵹û˵ٻ
սһ򲻻ὫеƶųղžȡɣҲ˴ħƣʵֻһҡ
ϾħҪӵҪ޽ƽƶٶֿ죬˲ȻҪࡣ
ճһ顣
һͲ㽫ϡ
Ҫþȫǲ̫ˣ
ǳϾڣ
ʥǿαװģ
ճϾҵʵҿþȫ
Է˵
ȿȣˣʣвٱˣѾţ򾳳ڵʵˣ
ճæ֡
ΪʦսܲʦѹΪȴҲһǿҪ٣ʵԷһƻɡ
Ѿ˵ʣбȲȣνˡ
лϣ
˿
ʵͨͿԽаʦĿˣֻҪɹһ飬Ӧþܺϵϡ
ÿ
˴겻ͣ˫֣ճȡһöҩķãѹΪķӡ򿪣žûָһЩųѷĴǳ˳飬ȥҸ˹һ£ٵĽŲһ߼Ҵҵ˹
գҸ˵ǼܹȥţСûҸƻڹԹԵĲμӿˣȥһڹԵúܡ
߽䣬զզ
꣡꣡
ûӵѷ죬£ԽԽ

䡣
ôˣ
սߣŷֲԾ̧ͷһ鲻Խٴξ
ãһѹյһݣҲܲסһҵĻζ
¡
ֱ
ʯͷ䣬˼æתεסµʯ飬ȥһ١
䶨صķ棬Ƥͣ鴤ճϾÿҪˡ
ֻǿ˸Ϊѣоܽ飬ôˣ
ȻرʵȴҲܹɽ˲ʱ޽ģԼ˼궼ûκ⣬Ǹƻ˺üΣҲ𣬽ֻһһƣͱ
ԽԽ̲סԶ꿴˹ȥ
ͼһָԱ߸սλߣ޹ɲŪġûϵ
ճϣ
ߣ

һᣬ߷ȥͷŵһשͷͼϵʯҲ̲ס˹գ⡭ô£
ûʲôҿλʦʵһʱûס
ѯʣɫǵͨ죬ճû˵ԭ
ǲ˵̫ˣѹΪԷһĵײˣʵڿ˿ڡ
Ҫ˵ȥƻᱻ͵ϸǣʥӵ֪
ûסͷصĳ
ˣҪˣλʦ˰ʦȥ󷨽ݰɣ
¶Էѯһ죬ճæ֡
ҲҪ˰ʦã߰ɣ
˵ͷк
ţͳ
£ճϾЩģҲ
뿪棬һᣬͿһ¥ݴĲԶֱӣ칬
¥ʮֹŹ֣ûκζҲûκζ֧ţббڵߵĵط
ʲô
ĺ档
Ȼܿ¥ݵΧ沼󷨣Ǿʮ𾪡
󷨽ݣʦ˾
ЦЦ߽͡
󷨽ݣ
ţÿһݶ̺һ󷨣ǣɱ仯ЩطҪԪ󷨲ƽ⡣Щ¥ݣһ90㣬ÿʮһǵȼ
߼ֻҪϵ80ͱͨ˰ʦĿˣ
Ȼ
˵ʦѧԺͨЩƣǲ˸ָ󷨣ÿƽ⡣
ܹɣʹ˽
Ȼѣǣ󣬻вԼϵĿ顣
Ҫͨ¶ôס
ңĵȼֵĸΪϸÿһ̨ףһ󷨣ȥˮƽˣﲻֻȻ¡
ͺ75¥ݣﵽƷԶȺԶѧԺȽ
λϣվŵˣڿˣ
˽̸ĹУ̲סʵ
̧ͷȥŷֽϷվ˲ˣ߸֮ࡣ
Щ˲ûмϣǸվһ̨ϣһ˫۽գͬһ㣬ƺ˳˼֣߱޷ѡ
ڿˣ
˵ͷճϵڿǣڿǣһڿ˰ǣ
ȥ
Ȼվڵʮ̨Ϸķֱվʮʮݡ
ղ˵ǸƻӦվλɣ
һʵ
߸ղŽʱĻλƻûп꣬ȻˣӦû档
ղճҲ˵ˣԷԼһҲ㿼˰ʦӦ70㡣

һճá
һʱƻˣ˭鶼̫á
ϸλƻ˹ȥǸ30꣬ЩݣһϮɫĳۣԼòϵЩ
ڵ79㡭֪ܲȥ
Цһ˵ͻȻеǰ¥һһζƺܵʲô
ˡƻƻ󷨽ݣֹ
һżĺ
˳ȥŷ¥Ա߻վżߣϵ·ճͬӦ֮ǰ˵ֹƻƻĳǡ
ߣУ䣬ֱǰ¥ӿ˹ȥƺҪȹ󷨽ݡ
ֻ̨ϵ̫ˣʵȻףȴҲƿزס
ԥһ֡
ճϵٹ˲Ҵҷһ˲Ϣ纣
λΪǿʦͬʱ֣ζĽݹȻȹ࣬ʱ79׵۾̧ƣڵ80̨ϣµĽҲܲס
¡
һ죬ȻĴҷɣ䡣
⡭
˿ĭǸƻ


1312 

̨ɢ󷨱ڴصˣûӦ;ýһգͨͨ½һĵڵϣҳһӡ
۾һ£ԡ
ֻڿʦ˭ܸң⡭ô
ƻ󷨽ݣ
޺ãͱˡ
Ҫɱ㡭
ճϣ嶯򲻹ġ
ճϵͷƤը˲סռ䣬ſе꣬һҪը
󷨽ݣʥӵ֪ˣ˹ţſûκ⣬һһŪɳ׷ϵĿҪըˣ
ҡ
ƻƺҲ̫׵׷ʲôڿһĿŽ̮Ľݣԡ
治ǹġ᲻󷨽ݣ̫ˣ
˫ְڿƻΡ
ã
Ҳ̲סճƿڴ

˶ٲˣһûУһ֣ˡ˵أ
ձҾ㣬Ҫ˵á
ǲƻɫȻ۾һɱȶ
¡
δ䣬еѾճϵǰ
ͫһ߼æӭӣûü;ؿһۣһѾ˹
أ
ڿѪֱײڲԶǽϣٴҳһ󶴡
ǿ
ſ
ճʵʥأڶԷǰһжûסͱ߷ɡλƻ䲻ʵȴҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ǸղŴӿǰٶȣԽ˿ռ䣬޽˿
ձǹġֻ̫ŭſ
Լͬ鱻һ߷ɣλϣȫͣһ£æ˹ͣİοǰٴαŭ
˵ҿԣҪãһҲС
Ŀ
ǣǡͷǸ
֮ǰߣǳ˳飬תͷһȡ
ȿȣ
ӷվȳһѪձճϣһ޵ıǰȭͷձˣ£
һ챻˴ȥǽΡ
ɶ£
⻹࣬Ժעˣƻĵ˵ͷ

һۣͳȵúϲ£졣
̫˰ɣ
˼ҿ˵ĶŪ˷棬һ䣬ֱӽʹŹһ١
һ˲䣬Լʵ̫̫˵ˡ
ǰҲƻǸԷĲæ޸ǰһ
ŪΣ
˵䡰֣Ǹ
ˣͲˣ˱ȽͣԸ£
ƻ֡
󷨵೤һǳ鴤
ֻ˵Ǹ˭˵ˣ
ͣԸ¡
ûŪǣò°ɣ
ұģ
ſ޷£ƿԡ
ѹһﱻ˳ƻȻݵģ
Լ֮Ȼǲ˺ܴһأûпɱԡ
󷨽ݡ
ɫǺ죬ճϵҲ̲סһָϵķ档
ǸĻü˵ˣҰʦû꣬ǿ취Ͽ޸ݣҿ˵
ƻ

ٴ˵
Ҳ𺳡
ˡĿô޳ܣ
ս˼ҿ˵ĽŪɷ棬⳥һ٣Ҫ˼ҸϿ޸أ
һȣһƤ̫

û
ŽвҪŽƻ
ԼֻССְˣֵһᡣ
˽ݣǹɳλʦ޽£ɵģǵʵ޸
ɫһ죬ճϵ
ʦþµ󷨣һ˲ɡŨһ֮ڣһӴ׹Упˡ̫ˣ
ּʦû㹻ʱ䣬Ҳ
޸Ҫ쿼ʦûʱൢ󣡡
ƻü
ʵҲżղſ˵ǶˣѾﵽ79ף80ֻһ֮˵ʵѾﵽ˰ʦǿǻ£Ͳÿˣ
Ƥһճ뵽һ취æ
޺ˣҲһŪġ䵽ʱ̮һΣ飬ֱͨˡ
Ըղŵͨڰʮ㣬Ҳǰ϶£ûҪᡣ
룿ƻһ㶣ôܳɣҿ˸ޣһʵǣӲŪ٣˵ʦҵĶ̰壬ȻҪˣһҪꡭͻ£ҲҪ

ճϵץͷ
ûꣿ
Ƕ䣬ҪˣȻҪҪ˱Ʒ
ճϣܲܲһ䣿
˫֪ô˵ΣҲ̲סǰ
ʦ뽲
ճϱȭ
ҲŪˣƻһȣǴ׻һԽԽƷ
ݵˣǲҲû취ˣ
ʵ
ڱȽϹĵ
ҪϿ쿼˰ʦ飬ȻϵţλܾûĵӡˣǲԼҲûῼˣ
⡭
ճǾ᣺ʵҲûа취ֻ˵ʱܻܳ
Ŷ۾һ
ǡܲܲһȫµͼ߿ʼѧϰȻóֻҪɹ󷨼ﵽҪͬͨ
ͣһ£ճϵ
ʵԭʼʦ˷ֻ۷ʦð˼󷨣ûмʱ䣬Ϊʱ̫ãÿ꿼˵ִ̫࣬ķ𽥾ͱ̭ˡ
ǣںϵΣںܵĻȻȫҳȷҪѲٹ򣡡
ͷ޷Ըֿˣ
ʦżİ˼󷨣ĻѺܶʱ䣬һڵλã֮һɨͼݳҲ

Ȼ취ҲҪˡ
ճϻûüشƻһ࿪ڡ
ҲҪ
Ҫˣȫ¡
ǰ
ƻͷ
Ǻǣλѣʵճϵ˰룬Ѿÿˣαô鷳
ִҪˣ̲סȰοһ䡣
ˣô¡
æĻ£ͬʩᣬԲ˳ƻ֡
Ȼʦܲ䲼£˵ѾϿˡôԲ˳
˵⣬ЦЦһԼĻȡ㿴ʦ£Դ۹ʦĺ᳤æģҶûμӿˣ
⡭ƻüӦúѰɣ
ֱӵõʸ񣬿϶ףǰλȻһʦĻ᳤æѲɣҲԼһǸţ
ǲ̫ףѵģ
пһٴһóһѻ£һİڿ
㿴ңħʦ£ģʦ£ģ黭ʦ£ģǾʦ£ģǼʦ£ģҽʦ£ġ
ƻ
೤ϡ



1313 
ȿȣʦ㻹ǽɣ
࣬ճϲȥ
ɶ
룬ͺһЩѧԺıһ˻ãǧѣǰһﵹãóһѣġѲɣҪˣ
ؼǡ˵ѣóôණ

ôоǹ԰ڣ
ⶼģٴƻҲԲ۾ǲ˶ٶŵõִ
ᣬֽ˼󷨽ݸŪˡճŰæ룬һѲҲһı˶ˣ
ҿɲƻ
֣ҺʵģܵõЩǿ˸
˸ҲţΪҪ룿˵˵ʦ£Դ۹ĺ᳤ΪҪ㣿ƻš
һǼķӡ޷ƽ⣬ҹȥŪŵõϿɡ
һ£ͺ᳤ĳṬǰ취ƻ˷סɽڵķӡʶ
ƵӡͲɶ𣿡ƻƲƲ죺ʦأ
ұ絤˵Դ۹ʦ᳤޻˵ԶʦѧԺʦȫŪϡšŵõģ
üëһ
Ǽʦ£
Ҽһ黭ҵһ㣬ʶ⡭
ħʦأ
ҽ˵ɺףȫŪιȥײˣԺġ
ǳ鴤Ѿ˵
ȻûзĲ𡭡ôоȶԷҪӣ
ԼǸˣ˵˵šñȶԷǶˡ
㻹в𣿡ٶʣƻһƲˣղǱߡ¡һȻǹǲǳʲô£
ʵСġŪˡ
Ρ
ƻƲ죺˸
ҡ˵
ţñ˰Լ룬ΪԼ㣬ѲɡҲճϵһԼƻ
ɡԼĲĵģ
תͷȥճϵͼ⼸λϣζһˡ
Ǻ£ǡһҲͰˣУʦ˳˭˭ˣ
ܹܲͣӣ
ճϣ㻹ǾܲɣҴ㿼˵õ¡
һƣ̲ס
ֻ뿼ˣ
ѹǰλƻԸ£óȥȷ̫á
Һһ𿼣
ƻ廰
ճϵͷת뿪
󷨿˵Ļֻ鷳̫ƻǿԽܡ
ʱ䲻˻Ҹմܲż˼ͼǿѧϰ죬ֻҪڣﲼó󷨣ͨ
˵ճϣǰһ죬һͼ˹ڶǰ
ʮָӣԻҪߣȻżİ˼ͼȴҲҪһ۷Ҫѵöࡣ
ȳļ򵥣ײá
һۣ˿
ʦ󷨵⣬ѾͰǳڳƽһЩѶȴĺɡżģǱȽɵġ
ҿȽϿ죬ҪȲˣ
ڸпһƻ˷ܵشЦ
㿴죿
˷ܣתͷ
ǰ󷨣ȻӣҵֻҪ죬ȫ꣬ҳ⣡
ƻһš
ʮӵճ϶ԿʵӵоԵ츳ȻҲӵžԵš
أ
ŵ˵꣬ЦӯӯĿƻƺſζ
һһϲƻһ˰ʦ˱ȽϣҪƾʵ˭ܽ󷨲ó˳ͨˡ
ң
һ£ûֱӻش𣬶ǿճϣв󷨵죿
Ѿ׼ˡ
֪Ϊλʣճһ̶һ죬ȫﵽ˰˼ҡ
л
һЦһץն
ָһ

ٸ죬̺Хŷ˳ȥһֱܡ
Ҫʲô
죬˶Щ£֪Ҫɶ
˵ľȣ÷ϻ˼ͻȻһ̤
ˣ
һֵ˼󷨡
ˣ
֣Ѿˡ
ƻ
ճϵˡ

ȿȣ
˰죬ճϵ˲ŻղõתһȦȷ˺ü飬ûκ⣬ŵͷʦȷ󷨣ͨ˰ʦĿˡ
ƻ޷
źͶԷһ𿼺ˣԷһ£֪Լˣ
ûͼеݣԷͽ󷨲óˡ
ٶ̫˰ɣ
ˣҲˣճϣɣ
һڣƻߵ
⡭ã
ճϵͷ
֮ǰʹӦԷˣ뿼ãҲʡȥ鷳
л
ƻ˵ͷһڣʧһ˹⳥󷨽Ҳ˰æؽ
Ǿˡ
˵ճϵȫ˿
Ҳͷ
ŶԷǺڿˡ
ÿƻתͷ˹
ǣͷ
ɣȻû֣ƻüë
˲䲼ǿˣ϶
ǣ
츳ʵ꣬һ͵ҵθڣƻĵ˵ͷ
ˣЦЦ
Էʵţһ֪ʮֲ򵥡
ܺ˽ã϶ǻ¡
ˣԺҪȥְҵˣԺһְҵˣҶйϵǶҸӣ
ƻ
Ӧһ
˵Щƻȥ
ԶɻĿԶճϵˣȥճϣ֪λƻļҵţ
ܱƵ˳ԿҶ˵ʵȻҪҪǣȻһްԵ
򣬿϶ͱʥӵˣô̬ȡ
㲻ʶ
ճһ
ĵôģ֪֪
ҡͷ
ҵģ࣡
ճϵ
ʥҵģһ㶡
ҵˣû뵽λǣʵңӦõλҲͰɣ
뵽⣬æѯʣ֪λ࣬ʲôݣ
ʲôݣ
Ȼһϲ֪ճΣҼĵӣ㲻֪˭λСӦ֪ɣãȻ˵һϻͱһˣ
ǡصĸ磿˸磿
ֱԭأæתͷλƻ໹ûԶ̲ס˳󡭡࣬֡
üת
ͷ뵽Ͼ֪صϢǼ̲סڣá
ã
δ䣬һŭȣѾǰһȭͷݺϡ
أ
˳ȥһͷǽϡ
䣡
ղžͱճײһ£ҲܲסúȻ


1314 ټ
ǳСһΣٸңɱ㣡
һתߣգ۹ʧԭأټ

Դӷ˳Ҫס֪׷ˣ
ֻʣصϢ㡭ûð
ô
һתƻָоǷϡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ղŶԷգ۹ǰӦûӦͱס壬˵ʵǿ㣬Ͳô˼һˡ
ҿԷ飬ȻԴ϶ˡ
ɶ¡
һμ˸磬һȭɡ
Ҫˣ˸綼򲻹ȥżף
һᣬĿٴμᶨ
λ˸磬ֻǿżΪһ壬Ȼףͱ·ݣ˳ƽϵķӡΪУ
ݻʵżҼɵ۷
ʦ㡭
ڳ˼ѯʣתͷȥͼǵģԴû°ɣ
ƻһȭԴѹͷҲѹֵġ
û£
ҡҡͷԶļλߣλϣڳΪʦǲǿԹۿǼ鼮ˣ֪УҪͷһ·
ʵһܴﵽģȻˣȽʦޣ˵
ҲΪԺ󿼺˰ʦ׼
飿
ճϵ˵ͷ
ӣȻȥɣҿ飬ҵٲ󷨵ķ͹ȥ㣡
ЦЦ
ãЦЦת뿪
ճƹȵһøǰ
ǹڰǵ鼮ƻûҵһſԽУ㷭ģճϵͷ
֪ܲǰλΪʱҪ飬ԸѧϰǺ¡
лˣӹ̧򷿼ȥ
һ鼮ȻȲʦãÿһмֵ
۾һɨȥ
ʱᣬȫ¼ϡ
ȷ
еͺȣͼݾһζһ鼮ǰ
ָһ㣬̺֪ʶԺ
ѧϰɣ
תһȦ˸ĵط˷ѧϰ֮С
󷨰ǣǰѵö࣬Ǵ󷨣ǣռҪãʵ֪ͼҲɲˡ
ֻѧϰ֪ʶһҪôӰ첢
ʱüվ
ȻѣƽʱһʱͲѧ꣬ʱȻһ
̾Ϣһ
ʱѧ꣬ʵ̫ˡҪԼԺãôãֲܶס
ҡҡͷٶ룬ոѧ֪ʶܿ𺳡
İ󷨣ѧϰе֪ʶ󷨵ٴһأ֪ʶѾȰ۷ʦˡ
ʵֻгϾڣҪһЩ󷨣޷
ʱķѧϰƣ
Խ߼ԽҪּ㣬ʵҪ󣬶ҲҪ󼫴Ҫ츳ãҪôѧ꣬Ҳ
Ǹ󷨣ɲˡ
Ȼƣ룬ȴͷų˷ܵĹâ
󷨵۷壬Ǹ󷨣ܣײö
ԭصһᣬоȫָ߳⣬ռ䣬Լסȥ
ʱ䲻ǰûȥԼԺ䣬ԺӸǰš


߽ȥͼŮվԺӵм䣬ڳһŹֵƣ͹£¶˾ѵģȫѨ򿪣ͣؼ
һۣ֪޸ĺеһܹٶȣܻضʴ
Ůıø
ԷĶ׼ֻһۣ֪ƽʱûٶ
ʦҵˣ
ջأ΢΢һЦԲʡ
ò˵λòףزز˶˿
ȻҲǵǫרŹֺˡ
ţ㿴ﲼܷЩ
Ӧһ
ԷƯƯ޹ؽҪҪǣϾϵˡ
Ǹɣ
һָ
ӢѧԱסԺ䣬кü䣬ԵԼ͵ĵط
ָĵطǺԼԺӽڵķ䡣
ã
ڷתһȦ֮˸Ƭ̺󿴹а˼죿

ָһٸ졣
ȥ
һͺȣһ죬ɢ䣬գ۹򣬲ָλá
׼λãһ̤
ˣ
ת
Ѷأ
һ飬ûʲô⣬ǼĿ
ƣһƷ˹ȥ󷨵м䡣
Ѽܹó˵һ;ϣҲﵽ˰ǼȻ׷ֱʲôλãƷĸط
ˣ
ģ󷨻ζһ£˸Ĺâӵ˲֪Զ
֪ǰλҲϻǰָ˼£һѶϢݹȥ
ˣ
ʱ䲻֮𣬽ٴλζǰγһģԲ̡
ڣһ֮ĵݣ֡
ţ
δʱŮǰ࣬ﵽ⣬ɢŵʣòܻܿǰȴøͬеһۣ鲻Խס
̫ˣ
ÿһ칤̣Ҳ˿ȱݡ
֮ǰţͱȺزز˸Ưʺ󣬸Ǵﵽ۷壬ûαװأ˿
ʦٹģȳȥˡ
֪ʦͽ棬ȻвĻҪ˵ȥת뿪˷䡣
ʦ㣿㵽ʥӵ
һ뿪еŮҲ̲סæ˳ۿ΢΢졣
ѧø֪ԭδ϶ǻ˾޴ۣʣο
֮ǰδʱֻǻҪѯʣȴһҲ˵
и飬Σȫ֪ôѯʡ
ãϸǸں治ͣʦŮ͵ġ
ţ㡭𣿡


1315 
ǿȥ̽һ£ûгԪƷʯĵҩҺʯ֮Ķ˳۸빺򣡡
ԺԸһ
һᣬͻصס
ǿΪĹܼңҲˣʥӵԺȽϿסҲӵ
ǣ
ͷǿ˳ȥ
ܽ뾫ӢģһĺˣҪľ£רŸ𣬾ͺǫԣźһ
ǿΪܼңֻҪǼ걨ܹͬȡû£ʥӵ󷨹
ӿٶˡ
뿪ҡͷ
죬ԼλѧֻδΪȻﵽʥأ
ǿ˲֪١
ѧ磬˸Ҳһȭɡʵأ޸Լ
ЩŮŮѱȲѧѧȲҲǶ֡Űô룬öˣ
һֱ츳ٶȲ˿̲ŷ֡ɶǣ
ߵģһ̫̬ˣ
ˣһͰǿȥѰ̺ı
˿̣ȱľ

ǿȥ°ͳ˼
һѰҳϾ򾳵Ĺؼγѧϰ
ڶѰҹ׻꣬Ԫøǿһʵ
Ȼʱ䣬ҪѰͫͫɣҲ޷Ϊ˳
޷ԪֻһֳϾ򾳵ķûӿٶѰˡ
ȡƿһᣬԵͷ
ҪۿؼҪսﵽһ磬ҲǡͨνĿֵʱԽܹۿĹԽ
ʥӵĹغ֮ǰʦãʦѧԺͬ
ҪؼҪսﵽʲô硣
ͬսԽǿõؼҲԽ˿ʦʩ̵
õĹӹţ޷ɲ˵ֻẦ
ͺǰõܳ͸ѵǺ⣬ɱˡ
ˣｫսּΪ˼ߵʵֺˣӦؼҲ׼ˣȼͬߣܷԼĳõѧϰ
Ϊסҡ졢ɡʮÿһжӦĹȷΪּ̫࣬ͱ׷ֿҡҪ
üͷ
Թĵȼߵͣû̫Ҫ
ˣνܿ顢ͫõʱ򣬲û̫˷ܣǹߣپĹҲȱݣԶ磬һǧͨ鼮γ
ʥӵõķʽǽߵֳȼɶ˵Щ̫ˡ
ǰؼһһɨȥȫ룬ڣɢܾͨûôס
ôˣȹȥ
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ڿһ֣ڡ
˴һ£ʱ䲻ǰһ޴ġ塱֣֮ǰġǡָ˵ĸоȫͬ
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һᣬľǰӵеǳƣȫɢҪǡ顢ֵӿͷշתþòϢ
忴򵥣ȴֺ죬Ը۳ɳˬС
֮ڣǧӡ
ӻ㱵ľлָ
֣ͻ塱ĿΪϣ޽١
ò£Ҳ֪ǿʦµī
򣬲ԼʧЧ
ˣȥҲΪ
˵Ļٴͬʱˮ
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һ䣬ǽһļãһȦҵϾӦλãŽ롣
Ϳ󷨵вͬҲ̫ࡣ
ϵļأĿˣԺüͬʱ룬ƶڽпˡ
Ҳ룬ǰ̨
봳ѧϰϾӦô죿
ϣд˹ڿһЩ£ϸ򣬲ϸ
һپԪƷʯѣʮӣѡһУǰ㣬УҪԸ԰ȻױĿܴˣ
ԱǸʮŮΪ㣬ѯʣ̧ͷЦŽ͡
ţͷ
˵ѶȲͬܵʵȻͬԽߣѶԽ
ѡ
ȡһöԪƷʯݹȥһ£ѡһڲԶ
ѡͷˡ
࣬ʮתͷȥͼһɫȹŮӣվڲԶʮģһϢ
ŮӣʼѣĺòҲ˿
ˮʦ㣬ˣڷܡ
ķԱ۾һЦЦȡһƬ˹Ĵؿ
ţ
˵ͷˮʦ㽿һת˳ȥ
ˣλʦ֣ѡĸ
뿪꿴
ҡҲѡɣ
ͣһ£ͷ
ȻΪʮӣ϶ѵģ򵥣ھֻǳϾڣս򾳳ڣ̫˲̫̫ͨ򵥣ȱֶ࣬ȻǰǸŮѡ񡰱֡պÿԹ۲һ¿ܵʵҲижϡ
ȷ
üͷǾȡ
ȷ
ͷЦôˣʲôԣ
⵹ûУ
Ůҡҡͷˮʦ㣬ǼǰнľӢѧԱΪʹﵽ˳Ͼ۷塭ˣ˽ӽһ£ûͨȷҪȥûšϾڰɣ
Ͼ۷壬һ£ࡣ
ΪϾĿˣʮּ򵥣ԷĿûôס
ǰѵģ˵ţʥӵֻȼָͨﾡЩҲһˡǰôˣҲõѶȡһ궼δ˹ȥǰһͨģҵСֱӴҡ̫飡
ҡͷ
סҡӣڵһѾﵽ˾ֵĵز˵Ͼڣ۷壬ҪͨһһζûҪǳţ»
С
һ㶣۾ˡ
ǣûı仯Ȱοҵʵȴ򵥡ȻǳϾڣֻҪսǿ츳лͨġˣ
л⡭ԣٻ
ҡͷ
ش϶ҲҪ
˻һװã֣ܶ˵ġȰ裬ü
֪ԣ֪ԷǺ⣬΢Ц


1316 
ðɣ˱ڡ
ҡҡͷãȡһƬ˹ʵڼֲס鿨Ƭֹܻͣ
лˣ
ȭתˮʦȥķȥ
ǲ֪
뿪ߡ
ôˣ
һԱ߽ãЦſ
ûʲôһϾڵļһҪôȰС
ҡͷ
Ͼڡûɣ
ſķԱǲš
ѶȣΪĹԱ֪ĺ֪ٳϾ۷Ź޹һֻгϾڵСӣҪȥ
ûвҲ֪֪ɫĲС
ߵ
ɫģԱ⡣
ղˮʦȥ˱ҲҪȥĿĻǲԶ

⡭
ԱȻ򣺡Ŀ塯Ϊȣ˿ˣֶͷܣ໥ϣ໥ţȡʤˮʦ˱ҲȥöԷչˣϵ湻޳ܵģ
ĿˣԵģʽҲԶˡ
˿˵ʵ˿˵ϡ
һʵͳȥˮʦϣûϵ
ˮʦ㣬˳Ưֺãʥӵպģ֪٣ôģǵһ
ɫ湻ġ
ǰʵ̫ܹȥ·ǵˮʦϲ񣡡
΢΢һЦ
ˮʦ㣬һˣ뵥ܹ֮ͨϣļƻʧܣؼǻϺȡǵ÷оͲˣôܻкøУ
⵹ǣŰɣƹһͻᱻİ
ԱҲЦ

֪˽̸ݣλˮʦʱ䲻һŻǰ
д˸֡
ȡƬˮʦǰһʯŻ򿪡
룬Ҳư«˽ȥ
ǰһһķǰ
̨һǸԲγأܲ˷ӡܹϢսǽ档
˭
ڴмվã׼ӭӿܣͿ߽ˮʦһ
ͬʱڴ˺ģʽٻͷܣ͵ˣȫͬˡ
Ҳ˵ģ￼ˣǲ㿼ģùҡ
ЦЦ
ֻؿԶͬʱˣûϸĹˣ֪νĶģʽָǺΪǸԿ˸Եġ
ԷȽպҲȿѶΣǰи׼
Ϻȣһĺѿ
۾ˮʦߡ
Ϻȣʲôˣ
һ£ʸɿ֨֨𣬽ţǰŴ򿪣һ˳
£һ޶վмˮʦ㣬̳
¡
ͬһʱ̣
󷨣ϾԪ񹥻ÿճͣжܵơ
ߣ
ܹˮʦûʱ˵һתӭ˹ȥ
ò˵λˮʦʵȷΪǳϾ۷壬սͰ벽򾳱ȣ˿
ĹǴˮԣ಻Ȼÿιһȴˮһ㣬޿ɵֵ
ͷ
λˮʦ㣬һԶܣһ𣬾ˮһ㣬޷ֵ
һˮ̫Ӱ죬εľˣʯͷ̴ܴ
ǰλŮܿ籩Ĺʼ޷ͻƷͺںˮһ
ǿɽָԭ״
£
սʮУŮüһȣƣͻһ϶ڿܵǰ
أ
Ԫ̵ߡ˲һӡ

סŲܲδˤŭУǳױŭٶȱȸղŸ졣
˻
类˺ѣ̵צŮǰѸ͵ļ硣
Ĺ಻ãȱҲԡϧ㣬ûץס°ͣҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ŮĹ಻ϣȷܷӳĹһϣҲˡ
ҾһЩᣬ㣬Ҳ첻ƻ
ղУܳһȭܴԴŮֻ˼δܵϵˡˣҲжûͨˡ
ϧˣ
ҡҡͷϧ
һҡͷһ߸пǱߵŮҪ裬ٴγһף弱æۣһĻȡ

Ȼ죬ܵצ̫ˣһ죬·һ飬ϳѪۡ
䣡
û˵ҪЩŭбУצΪƣݺѹ¡
ûڵѾﵽ˰벽򾳣ܵ󷨣ӳԿ£Ŀռ䶼̣ͬѲá
ۼϣˮʦһҧƺʩչĳطӰһͬգ۹ʹƷѹ£˳
طףļ
ٴһڣתͷȥͼǺŪ꣬һֱǰһַס°ͣζ
㡭
ҧҪը
ȻǺأôҲҪְɣվԭһһʲô
кǰŻٴΡ֨ѽһһܳ˹
Ϊ껹û볡أͷһ֣ٴα
һͷԿˣͷһѹ˲ӣͷǺˮ
ܵʵǫ࡭
֪Ů뷨۲졣
ѹͨܵʵ湻ǿġ
ǫﲻһʵȴǰ벽Ͼǿߣټżŵݣ棬Խսǰͷܶʵ֡ȷöԸ
λˮʦ㣬ܹôãҲ㲻ˡ
ϧ϶ʧܣ
пһ
һᣬλʵ׼ȷĶλһܣҪʤЩѣ֣϶Ƕ֡
ʧֻʱ⡣
ѹֿһ˶޷ͨصȷѵġ
һᣬҿʼһ־ͽλܴ򱬣ǻϵĻʡȥ鷳
һսͷ
ܣϵʮ־ϣ϶ҲҪԿȻˣʼ˵Ļǰ֣Ϊǿ
ɱһ˵
ɶ񡭡
ͷðˮʦҲֲסΪ֣ȴվһߣֵı顣
ؿڹ𣬿Ҫը㻹Ҫʲôʱ򣿡

û뵽Է˵һ£ǡһʲô
㡭㡭
Ķ£ˮʦ̫ŭʧƫģһɨһƣʹ̲סȣ㲻ᶯ𣿡
ɶܽ˫ģʽһ˴֣ԼԱ桭˵ʲô
ʵͣܿ԰ɣ
֣
ᣬԷˣҪ֣Υ氡
룬һҧȭͷǰĳϿҺӿк
ˮʦ㣬ͣˮʦ㣬ͣͣͣ٣


1317 Ҳǹ
ˮʦһı飬תͷһۺĵ꣬Ҳ̲סһѪ
ꡭ
˵ĺĶǿ׵ǿߣʲô
ͣ١
˰尡
Ҷ챻ˣ֣ǵϳԱҪͰ
ҪǶ֣֣֣
Ĳͣˮʦ㶼ÿҪˡ
ˣǰŽ룬ԶжֻҪʥӵˣף㲻϶ҲʰɡǶ˫ģʽһˢˣվһදһô
ΪһΪֺãģڿûǸ˼ⲻֻģ
ȻͷܣԼȴ϶ϣ

̬ըҪ䣬ǰĿܸϢĻᣬһͷٴһȭѹ
ܵĿѹʱᱬը֪ٷģܻᱻˮʦȫëըٴʩչطšתˮһ㣬ڿת˼ȦǱĴȭѡ
ͣסŲͣϢɫˡ
طѪÿһΣʧϢܾòָܻһµĿˣһֱûùţӦ˶Էսһͨ¼
ζû뵽ۣԿܣʩչΣѾӽ˼ޡ
УȥᱻѵҪ䣿
ݷףȭǲʡ
սһ£ò׽ԷȫϤţ춯ѪɹءȴֽԸ⿴ģ
Ѫһʹãһ£޷ʵ̫ˡ
һǣһ취ɵһʣµľˣ
Ŵá
䣬ʵڲģֻðˡ
һֱԱߺ͡١ļһʵڲףԼֻҪȥΪϻˣԷ϶Ҳ⵽ֻҪܽһǣסͿ취
ȻĶԸһͷܸıڵΣ֣һٻʤ
ȻԷܣ϶ΣգҲû취ˣ
ֻҪ׵ļһܹʮҾ֮ǰƺõķһͷʱӦüߣ˭ңԵͷҲʲô
һ˼ƽϡ
뵽㣬ҲԥһͬҰζ¡

֪ʩչʲôƤһ㣬Ǽ䣬ԭʧһ̣ѾԶ
͡
ںͻȻǰ̲סһ㶡
ҶԸһ
һ¶ı飬ȻˮʦȴҲ֪к˵ɣ̲סѡ
Ը
֣ͼͷѾܵǰҵѹȸУӿȫ
꣡
һͷܣһȭԴݺ˹
⡭㷸ɣ
ס
Ǹ֣ͣ˳ѧϰģǰⲻڣأ
ᱻдʧȥʸɣ
ܹٶȣҲ֪ڲֵʱͷ­һѾ˹ͬʱԶŮȥ
ͼڶսһͷ
һѪһ𣬺ڶʱڷ˱仯
ʹӡô𣿡
֪϶˱ȸղŸطҡͷ
طȻܶʱڱʵȴҲкܴı׶ˡ
˺ʵ̫ˣһ׾ȫʱԻָһӰ졣
ˣӲʹá
ȻҪǲᡣ
ǰŮӣһʹüΣѪˣҪãֱƴ
ҡҡͷ֪ʾãͼǰĿٴݺײ˹
һȭûУŭ
ȱæ˵Ķ󣬸ûϵˡ
һָסԷԴƴ޷ǰͬʱĵĽ
˭Ƶͨܵ۾ʵ̫Ϲ˰ɣ
ֻǸԷοˣιأ˻ûʼֻȭʲô
𣡺
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ͷһָסֱ۰ڵٿ죬Ҳ˲ֺ
һ㣬졣
Ӧò㶯֣ûΥɡ
ĵ˵ͷ
֣ܶδǽ̶סӦòжƻˣȻһʧȥʸ񲻰һˣ
סͷܣٴսŮͿܿȥ
ʩչطˮʦ㣬鿴ܲʵȴ٣ǹȸղǿ˽ӽһ
أ
֮ǰֶܣһᷴںͶԷӲӲܵĿը󷨶Щζ
طǺǿóˮԹ֮Ӳ᱾ĩ
ü
ڶս⣬㲻ͼݺۣ֮ҲԴﵽ˴ʦļǰλŮˮԷˮȴӲӲ
ѾΥԭ
ܶʱڽܻܣԼҲܵķɣĶ֮ҡ
ߣҪǶԼĹģˮ֮ȴͨⷽӲӲںе⡣
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У
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ΪһͷܹȥԷ϶ᱻ׷ıͷܣôû뵽Է˵СһŮģɶеģ
ʣϰɣ
ߣתͷķɨһۡ
һ
ҪѪĿܣʱԴڶԷָϣøһĻֱۣ˫Ȳͣܣ涼ٳһӣԷǰ
ʲô
ղŸҴʱ򣬲Ǻ
ôŪĸ֮䣬һ㣿
ѲɣòֻгϾڵļһǹҵģǡ֣

𾪵Ĳ֪˵ԱߵĿȴٴι
˲϶룬ֻӭȥ
Ϊִ̫٣ûиղŵ׼˼
У
ֻؿڷƣѪڣǿסѪˮʦҧ
ͿӲӲǴķʵҲܽܵģ
͡

ңٴαԷȭɨУˮʦϳһѪۣʹ
Ӱ˸£ܹҧҲͲסô򣿡
ָ㣬Υɣ
ɡ
㡭ˮʦһΡ
˫ģʽһ򣬶Υ棬ָ϶ˣ
Ǿͺá
˿˵ԼսɣǰĿҲ̲סһŭ

Ȼָ˹
ʲô𣬿æ𣿡
ãһƳ˹ȥ
ž
ԴڲתȦֱӷ˳ȥ
ͨ
ڵϣͣ鴤ʧȥս
⡭
û뵽һ飬ͽһԴɣ۾Բһ飬Σôˣ治ǹġ


1318 Ҵ
˵ʵ治ǹΪ֮
ܳٶ̫죬ֻʶĳһƣ˭뵽ôʵ
Դֱӳ
ˮʦҲˡ
ܽŪþ޷սʤǰһһƾͳڵϣԴûˡҪҪôţ
ʵôǿ
ɵҲ׹ǰλǵǲ񣬻һλ֣
һָĿ޷һƳԴսǿ˲֪ٱ
治ǹģҰͷϣֻҪΥУ
ٹ˲ָŮæ£ܵԴץ𣬷ڶԷĲϡ
ؿġһжֱ˵Ŀˣʧȥʸ鷳
㡭
վöԷǸ֣ˮʦٴը
ΪߣʧֽܻҲеģôǸ
˵㽫ܵԴ°ȥҲûð
ȻһԴɲǻأǣ칤ɣʮ־ܣרҵʿǰά޲Сȥʲô
ƣҪ˵Էһ٣ͼĿٴγ
εҡҡͷ֪覶룬ֻӭȥ
һһٴνսһ
Уֽܻˣ˿ҴԶ꿴ȥ
ͼԷѾܷ𣬲ҰԴװ˲ӡ
ˡ
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öԷǹע⣬ĵģڿϷʧʧ
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㡭
ǽϣ岻ͣ鴤ˮʦ綼ڰˡ
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⻹ô򡭡
ˣɡ
δأо֮ǰһ¶ö౶
ȡؿ飬ͻȻǺһʼ䣬͵ڶ˶ˣҧԶꡣ
Ǻϵսʤˡϲ䣿
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𣿡
һȭˮʦɵĿܣһʹҡͷƺɻ
˵ֵģҪ֡ʲô
ôԶˡ
һǰһ߽м䡣

һܣȻƣҲ̲סֱӭ
ûԶ;ֱһ첲ס
תͷȥͼղԴĿסҡͷ
𣬺𣿡
ͷһˮŭأƺҪƴһ
˸𣡡
סһͷܣһƳ˹ȥ
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ЩͷСĿٺٺ𣡡
˵꣬Լͷһ¡
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Ҳڵϣ˹ȥ
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װĿܣ֮ǰͷ࣬Ҳܶ£ĵ˵ͷǽϵˮʦ㣺ͨ𣿡
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˰죬Żָǿѹסе𺳣ˮʦ㿴ǰ꣬ȼҪȡ
ÿܣɱԼΡ
ôģ
ǡͨˣ
һöҩָһᣬŴǽڴŴ
˵ʵЩš
أѶȺܴˣأǷܳɹεĸо
Ҳѹ֣һ¶û취ɹѾһͨô󲻵
ܻܣӦǹ˰ɣ
Ҳ̫һڵϵͷܡ
һƺӦĿ⣬һ£۾յĸˡ
š
ˮʦ˵ͷ˵Щʲôȴ˵ڣ֪ǺãһɵٴǰһŻ򿪡
ȥ
һۣ۾ˡ
ڣǸܣһЩ顣
ӦǴĽ
ţ
ˮʦ㴳صĿģҲΪں˹ȥ
ֻʮ౾ʮָĹԶϼЩ

һɨȫ¼ͼݣеͺһʧ
ΪܹճϾ鼮̫ˡ

ҡҡͷЩ㡣
һپԪƷʯˣֻʮ飬ȷ̫ˡ
ЩܸߣǰռģҪںϳҲǺġ
ѡˣ
̾ϢŮ
תͷȥͼѡһˮƹؼУΨһˮԷ
Ȿ
ͷ
ⱾδŮǿһ໥ӡ֤ãΪм
ţҿʼ¼ˣѡ𣿡
ˮʦ㿴
عõĹǲߵģֻܳ¼
ң㳭ɣһҪˣͲˡ
ҡͷ
Ѿ鼮¼ϣûҪٳˡ
ˣ
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ͨģʮ겻һλǰλܳɹ
һ˲䣬ڴ
ǣ
ҡҡͷҴ㴳


1319 ֲ
ʲô
һΣˮʦĿԲֻٴѪʺεҪ³
ʵĲȥһ˲ͷܣöôɣطʲô
˶ǰߣһˡ
ˢɾ͸
ǰؼãȥ￴
һ档
ͬؼԽԽ٣ҪǣСԣ˱ģʧ֮ǰѡˣӦȥͼġ
ط飬϶ܶ࣬˵ôĸ

ˮʦץͷ
񾭲ɣ
ؼÿһĪ⣬ȻȲǼ洫ȴҲ̫ˡĶȻ˵Щ
ӵôģ
ˣ¼ˣ
ȥܶԷЩʲôٶ˵̧˳ȥ
һһ̾Ϣ
һ˷ʱˡ
߳ķ䣬ٴλصǰ̨˸ղǸСֶһ
㡭û£
һôһ£Щš
Ϊ϶ᱻĿȫǣޱȣôһ¶ûУ
ˮʦ㶼ôöûͨĵط
£ʲô£֪ԷΪλʣһ£һȡһپԪƷʯ˹ʯٴһΣ
ٴ
ɻĿüأһֻһΣʧû취
ִأʧܾʧܣһ䣬ڶֳһδ棬Ҳܲס
ˣһһΣѾǼˡ
һΣͨˣ϶ûͨҲȻޱȣڶܲܶδ֪һµģô꣬Ҳλˮʦִš
Ҳ͡
⻹࡭˿Ǵʲô
ǣͷ
֡

һղһʹΪڿӦûҲμӡ룬ǹˣ
Ͼڣ˵ʵﶼѡ
Ҳô֪ߵغ񣬻ܹ׵ġ
˵㴳ǲ˰ɡ
ЦЦȡһƬݹˣղŸĴؿأûãҪյģ
ӹԷеĴؿһղŵĿƬ˹ȥת򴳹صĵطȥ
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˧ģʵȥȷǲ֪ߵغ񣡡ԱЦ
һǸȱǮȥˮʦ㣬һӻңʶԼʵŹ
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Ҳͷȥһ֮£Ա嶸Ȼֱ͸¶ɫͨˣе·
˵⣬һۣԺɣЩ԰ס
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һӣ
ӣ
ӡôʱ䣬·Ҫְ롭Ҳ˵ֻʮʱ䣬ͨ˹
˿ĭͷԱ˶Դп˾֡
֪ǺãЦӯӯٴ𣺡˼ˣ鷳ĿƬлл
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İɡ
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ꡭôˣ
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ˮʦͷ
ʮӵĵϢҲָ˲٣Ȼɫѿȴû֮ǰôǱˡ
ˡ
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Щ
һ£ˮʦּһţһ飺ЩǴصĿƬҡˣ
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ǰλʦġ
ľȻĵͷ
ģ
۾ԲˮʦһץϵĿƬȫץġ
ôࣿ
ٴһףˮʦ㽿Ҳʼζ
ͳ飬˶ʮӣԷֱӴ߸ӣ
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ѵ
ǰһô࡭ͷ
ǡģ
ˮʦʵ
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
ˮʦ㼱æͷһۣĵ࿨ƬеȷûмģҲ˵ѶȵĹؿԷû
ԡﶼˣΪζû
ֽеĿƬһ飬ɻ
һӹ￪ʼˡһﲻȥ

ͣ˰죬ɫǺ죬˿ͷĭ˵ֲһ߳жû˼ûȥ
ˮʦ㡣


1320 ʧˣ
֨֨
վڷм䣬ſܻŻ߳³һ
Ͼʮؿ˰˸ûΡ
û취ֻѶġ
ΪʥӵϾѵļһͨˣѳ̶ȣ֪
ܵʵȻﵽ۷壬϶ѣ
۾
ղŴ˵˺ܴѶȣӵ۷սҪͼݲȱݣƾۣ֮ǰƺս·ߣҪʤûôס
ˣҲˣҿָ죬Ȼ½սֻա
أλĽܣͨˡͬҪͨ
о䣬սڡ
һͨˣоһλء
ŮѶͨˣȻʾ򣬾ԺһҲûλ
սţǾҿʲôʵ
ǰ۾Ȼս˲ȼյ˶㡣
˵
üͷһ壬
ǰĿܣҲͷܹ˵䡰˸𡱣ֻܷڣλȻ˵ԣֱ˼顣
ְɣ
ü˵ͺһһΡ

һ̣Ѿǰ
û뵽ٶô죬ʮ׵ľ룬˲ƣ͵һͬʱƷǰĳ
ӣһڿγһʻ޵԰֡
õؼУѧһ似ơ
˫ֽ棬ǧ֮ͬԴԴϣͬػ䣬дɱ
ȻûдħƹǿѣؼǣҲʵսʹ벻Ч
¡
ۻ룬ܵǿҲ֪ʲô似ȭͷ£ܵĿռ䣬ȫܴܺ󣬵ڶԷĹ£ȻЧûС
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һ˲жϣѹƵûУֻһֿܡǾǰͷܶԵ˽⼫֪࣬ʲôʱ֣Լ޷ʩչǿ
У似ֲ˲ȱݣ˲٣Ϥ˵ҵᣬԷġ
ⲻȱݣе໥ƣʵϵѹ
ƣ
׼ȥԿԼҲͣЪΪָһһ˳
˽⣬ֽǽУûʩչ似ȴ似ۣͣһͻԷĿռ䣬üķٶ
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Ȼû뵽ʱУѸݣһҲţȭͷһָɢָ⼤䣬ӭ
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⣿һҲԽﵽ־磿
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žƾ벽⣬һЩǶǵͨʥӵĿˣΪѧԱɴ־ϡг̶ȡ
ľ磬һͷܾȻҲﵽˣ˵ȣǼٵġ
ԣԼģӵȱݣ޷Ӧһλ򽣵ĴʦдڣʩչĽ⣡
𾪹󣬺ܿʶ˲Ծ
ܣ޷ͺͻһָսÿһУƺõģָս
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Ҳˡ
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ԷĽǿƾҪʤˣղԷҲԼ֮ϡ
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򣡡
һһֱΧ
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ˣ
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ǿ顣
ѹдƣԭͷܵʵȻﵽ۷壡
ڵʵ򾳳ǿս⣬ǿҲܻʤ۷壬ûпܣ

֪޷⣬޽ʩչһ˲˼Ŀƣһࡣ
һһſƬġ
һ
ˣ
ϢĿܣֹͣ˽˼дɻ
ˣ
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ڻǶ֣
ҡҡͷ
ؿܹͨģǳϾ۷壬ųϾڣʩչȫֶΣӲȥҲǲܣȫûҪ
ǣ
֪޷սʤҲûʲôɾģת뿪䡣
ͨ޷۳ϾҪõؼͱ뽫ܻܡԣ֮Ǿս
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սʽһΪڶ似
ûΪҪѣʱ룬ֻܽеڶˡ
似ǿһǾͫ
ܽһɣս̴ͨͺˡ
ȥʣнؼɣ
˼ƽϣǰ̨
ʦͨˣ
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ûҡҡͷ̫ˣҲǶ֡
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ˮʦ˿
˰˹أٽҲͨҪ
һ£ʥӵܹѧ
Էı飬ƬݽȥЦſ
ҪѧϰﵽҲ˵Ҫȥ
ѧ
Աûڣˮʦüͷ˹
ǣ
ͷ
ѧҶˣˮʦ㣬ѧԺĽšʦʥӵĽʦ

ý
һ㶣ǰŮ
֮ǰʱʩչȫֶζˣδʹý
Ȼ
ѯʣˮʦüһһģôҪҪҵĽУ
ͨսʹñһֱûý˿ԷƺЩɣ̳ŨĽ⣬˲伤
㲻ҵĶ֪֡н鼮ѧϰɷ񣬴ȥ
û뵽λŮԽ⣬ȻﵽϽĵľ磬һʵ
Ƕ֣ǾҿԽж
һˮʦ㽿һݣһֱ˹
žߴ
ûǰеĳ͵һΣſڵϣͣ


1321 ǵ
㡭
Ŵӵˮʦǿ飬ٴοǰ꣬ɫױˣԽѾﵽˡĵز
ΪţȻ֪ķּеĳû̳ȥŵõڵϣֻͣʦҲ˵ǰλֻжʮ꣬ԽգȻʦˣ
ôģ
⣬ҪԽҪǣ㹻͸ʦܹ֮Ǹ磬Ϊͽͨ˵ļ࣬һ̤롣
ǰλ㣬̥пʼҲͶʮ꣬
Ҳϣָһ
ϳݵĳʧȥѹƣˣġ
һһ
⽣ͦʺģ
ֵݻȥ
޳ȽʺŮӷ
ʦΪѡģ
˵ͷˮʦ㿴뿴ڽ鼮
򽣵⣬ѾʧȥԵˡ
ʵ̫󣬾֣Ҳۡ
ʦ¼˲ٽ鼮Դȥһ£ˮʦ
Ǿʹ·ˣ
۾һ
ǰһ䣬Ѿ⣬Լĵ·Ҫ̫ϣ£û飬ͻᱻˮʦ
ΪΣ
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ͣһ£ˮʦѹ¡Щ̫ˡ
򣿡
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Ϊѧö˵ʦ˵λʦЩŰ壬Ǹѧ
ˣ˵£ʮֱֹ㣬ƥ˵һµλٸߣۻ룬Ҳûаô
ǣĳϣں͹أ뿴Ѽ鼮õָ㣬ͨ飬ϿɲСżҵλ㣬ԺպţųһһԽѾﵽĵز飬ͬ˳ȥԣҲ˵
ˮʦ
ⶼȥΪʲô֡
ܴﵽ⣬Ҳ˵ԽԼˣʥӵҲ̫ˣ
ֱߣô˵ȥ
Ҹղ˵ˣʦעʽݵˣʥӵĵελԽΪǿ̽ģһƽ¡ʥŷ֡ʦܲ˸ֱ棡ʥӵƣһƵ۷塭λʵǿ󣬿ϧѧϣ࣬ȥ֮󣬴жϾʥӵĽʼ䣡
ʦĺ󱲣ػµһ⣡ҪΪʦѧߴѧȵõϿɣܴʮλŵĿӱΪռˮԹںϵıˡԼĽ뽣壬ԡͱ˳ȥ
Ŷ
ͷ
ԽﵽزʩչĽ⣬ͬһ㣬ȷ߽ѡ
ͺ齣ԼΪġ֣ﵽ⣬ֱӳ
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λˮʦ㣬ˮԵķºͣ׵õϿɣ̵ģԼ·ѶȱȻӲ١
ѵѼ飬λεµģҲһ
һ
õϿɣʵҲΪĵ·֮ͬ
ֻˣܿ飬õָ㣬˵ˣλԼһĽ֡
ÿ˶жص⣬֪һ֣Ӧúͽ˵Ĳͬҡҡͷ
Խ⣬̥ڽˡ
λʦ۳ô꣬δ˵λεйأӦòͬһ·
Ҳ˵ԼҪȥпܻһֱӱߡ
ֻǿһ鼮¼ҲʶɨӣѵҲ
һ£̲סʵ
˲ֻͬҪĿܹգ۹¼ͼݡ
ҪԷָ㣬ҲҪ¼ֻҪһ֪ܲܽӦúܼ򵥰ɣ
һۣ
ˮʦЦҡҡͷЩ鼮ʦɱרŲһ䣬ûȥǡǵȻζ룡
Խȥ
ס
òơǵΨһѡˡ
ڲǣӦò˶ãɹġ
ǵȻʥӵ䣬ʦܾκ˹ȥҲҾܾ
ˮʦҡҡͷʥӵѾٶûĵˣڴģҲֻǴˡˣ˵ЩˣЩС۵ġô࣬㻹ҪҪȥȥĻھߣûϣͲҪˣ
ȥȻҪȥ
΢΢һЦ


1322 ʥŷּ
֪λĽԼĲͬҲҪȥһܹҪȱݣͿɳ۳ĳϾˡ
˵ÿķֻͬͬ죬ڻͨøĽ
߰ɣ
Ҫȥˮʦ˵ͷкһ߳ˡ
һᣬһⲻϿɣʦ뿪һ仰˵תߣĴң˵ϻЩͷһǰˮʦһߴ
󲿷ֶ罣ֱֱͣģ
ͷ
ܽز˵˵ȫУԸҲ֮ı䡣
ˣī
ͺ˵ǵл꣬ºܹʧô죬û˿
֪ͺãˮʦ˿
ͣʵǽ⵽˵زȻ򵥣ɲģȷǵ˫ˣ
뵽ݣ̲סЩ棺żʲôʱһλţ֮ǰδ
Ҳżҵģ
ֱᣬҡҡͷ
ǣˮʦЩš
żңҲ˵ûѪ֮ôʵôģ
ҴԴ۹֮ʵΪʮ֡Ŭ͡
⡭
뵽һӲʹ˰˸ӣҪȥѧˮʦ̲ס˵ͷƾɢޣôʹﵽʵȷƴģ
ˮʦ㣬ղŶѪ֮ѵҲĳʥŷ
Ҳʳɻ
㡭֪ң
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ȻʵֻгϾ۷壬ƾݡòʥӵԺպǷˣһȻԼ֪ļٵģ
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ҡͷ
һμˮʦŷӦĿԲ㲻ǽ쿼˽ѧӰɣ
ǰͷ
տܹһͨذ˸ӣ˿ĭˮʦƤҳ顣
ڵҲ̫ţ˰ɣ
оôʱģﶼȥһʹ˰˸
Ŷ翼ģȥһǵ˸ʦͨ󣬲˸˼󷨣ֺͱһʱ죬صס˳ϴ˸裬
һ£

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ʦͨСλ磬ҲζûͨôһĿܹȥˣȥһ򵥣
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ʦҲ뿼ϧΪ̫ͣʸˣһֱûгɹλΪͣӾͿͨ
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Ůɫһһףһסؿڣ羫ңüʵ
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ȻôɣˮҵˮԷľҵľ
м壬ʥŷ֮еһȼ壬㡭֪
ˮǧЩˡ
м壬Ȼһȼ壬һ֦ͬһ𣬾żҡҶҪɵ֡ǰλʥӵˣû
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Դ۹ǸƫԶСطûйʥŷļأҲ
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ͷ
˴۹ΧڣҲʥŷͺλѦѦڵļ壬һЩȵġ
ʥŷΪĸȼһǳŷλȲʦܲȴҲʦܲʦܲϼ֣ڴ½ӵоԵĻȨͳߵĵλֱżҡҺͽң
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ˮǧ̵ľͽʥŷĸȼϸ˵һ顣
ͷ
һ˵ˡ
żҡֳŷԴŵ۹ôмǺԶһȵ۹ȼ壬ͺͶȵĻ۹һѦȼ壬ͺˡ
ʥŷҲȼɭϡ
ҵһѧѣʥԬҵģ֪ԬңǼȼ壿
ԬΣٴʵ
ԭȻһȼ壬֪ԬǼȣҪ̫ˡҲÿǽһˡ
ɶ֪ˮǧΣм壬ľҡˮҡң϶жӦңճ࣬ʥ˳ңеĻңңԬλѣʥԬҵģң
ңһȼ壿
ס
û뵽Ԭңô
ǰˣԬһ֮ǿļ壬ؿͣ޵Сˮǧ
ˮҵĹѪܰ˸գ̫ˣ
֮УǿǽңҪ˵غͷԬҵһܱȡ
Ǿͺá
Ԭô˿
ȻˣͲٵԬˡ
ļ壬ȻֶŪãΪţ˿ˡ
ʦסһᣬ˵
˵ˮǧͣס˽ͣ
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ǽסĵطȻ
ɫء
ǲڽ˵Ľʦ˽⣬ȻҲ⵽ϢѹƣЩת
ŴһὫͨѧԱ⣬Ƚȥ棬ʦ˵Ļ
һˮǧԺǰ߽ȥͼһָתҪߣȴ޷
˵
һ㶡


1323 ȫǴ
ǣ
ͷƤ˲ըˮǧû
˵һСһЩǧǵʦһͽػԺӵĽץˡ
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ϵʯ˲жϣͷ֨ѽһڵϣغǳ
⡭ɵˡ
ֻǷſû뵽һ˲ףնˡ
˼ҷץˣŲˡǲЩ̫òˣ
治ǹġ
ˮǧǰһڡ
һ·Ͻü飬Сģºˡû棬ֳô󶯾ôͣ
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ˣĽУ˾ôֲͬͬ磬ܵС
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𾪹̲סҡҡͷ
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Ȼ֪׽Ǹεоģ㣬Ѿܿˣ̫ϧˣ
̾Ϣ
ѼؼóģѾﵽɲľ硣
Էһͨ˾ȻҲ⵽ˮƽ޽ӽ˵ֲܿˡ

ڸпͤеͣסսϢƽͬɽʲô
Ҫۼʶ棬ɣǲֻǸͨˡ
λСѣҼղҡͷѵҵĽкβף
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ͣһ£ӦáȫǴģ


1324 һͷ
ȫǴģ
ˮǧƤһ
Ĵ̼֮ǰһӶࡣ
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ʦĽʥӵһ½ŵţһּĴʦͨ˶ҳ˵ʲôǵòˣһﵹáֱ˵ȫǴģ
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˵ʲôɫһлʦĿдŭ⡣
ǹȻʦˡ
һŷֽΪǸ֣û뵽ȻǸˣ
ѻ˵꣡
˰֣߽лʦֵĻ˹׽棬Դ˽Уݺ½䲻˵սʤȴҲݺ޵У֡ȫǴģ֪Ӻ˵𣿡
⡭
һ£뿪˵ȴ֣̫֪࣬˵Ҫȫ˵ƶԷᱻһ겻ֻ̾Ϣ̫ˣ˵
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ԣûҪѯ
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뿪ʣ˵Ϣ̸ıˣâ¶ƺʱ̴նɱ
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ܽΪѹƵ˳Ͼڣɸһ֮У·һ
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ᣬȲžҲϸˡ
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ͷ

˿Ҫըлʦһĵĳĺֱ˹
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ǵıģղͤУʩչһС
ֻڶԷУӾһַȻֱָ֮С
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š
Сֱ仯
һĽ۾ٴεԲ̸ֳĲš


1325 һ齣
µĽ֪֪꣬׽б仯
ղУݻʮвͬĹʽûǶȣֽķ
һ̣ȴ֮һ˲òȴ޷
ҪʱգԼָƲҡҲҪò뵽ս֮Уֻں֮˽ʱ̣ܹ㡭
š
п򵥣ʵȴһ˶ԽԼԶֵİա
Ҫʩչѡ
㡭
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ܲԷе׾ͷ˿̹ȫϢٴαϣ취ͻֱײ棬㶼㲻
Էеģֻһͷ˿ĳ˿Ҫ̹ȫԴ̴ʺͷ­и
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֪ǰеĻ޿ɱ⣬һҧ˸͵ǰһġ
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ǽƥǿͬĽУӲһͷ˿ӭȥˣпܱնɱ

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˶Ϊ߻ᱻĩʱ򣬱ͦͷͻȻһһ󲻵ĻȣڳĽϣ
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ͷûӹȻ𣬽š꣡꣡Ĵ顣
ȫһ㶣˼æȥͼͷ˿ûĳһ㣬ʼѺۣգ۹򣬾飬ӿеڵϡ
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飬ɣлʦɫһ죬ѪһΣӿеȥ
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һͷ˿ĳԽգƵǷ켫
ڣûͷ˿ӦҲѾ˰ɣ
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˵ͷָһɡ

ԭֱͷ˿΢һ̻ĩƮɢܡ
ٴһ
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ǰ죡
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Ŀ⾼ĿżͲ˼飺ԽѾﵽĵز˰ɣ
Ҳֻдﵽ⣬ԽκһȷжϣʩչǳлʦֶԶԶС
ǣ˵ͷûзϡ
֣ܹղʩչУԷʵٿͰôˡ
20Ҿ򽣵⡭żҵˣ
ȷϣ𾪣Щš
Ҫ츳ﵽʲôһ㣬ҲΪţΪ˴ﵽ־磬Ҳǻ˲֪ٵѪ
żңĲǡЦΪʲôÿһֵ˶Ϊżҵˣ
ѵֻżҲܳţ
ͨˣͲߵԼⲽ
ǣһ㶣漴ЦǾ̫ˣ
⡭˷ܣ̲סһ㶡
żң˷ܣѲλżг


1326 ࣨϣ
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Ϊλ㲻żҵˣ϶ҲǻԵˣõˮҪ죬ڶʱڣﵽʵôû뵽˼׽û
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Ц
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ǰѶ֮󣬲ҿһЩ鼮˵ˮ棬ֽ֮ѧϰ߻ħ
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һɽ⣬ֱӶԷüǰġ֣Ǹܵʲô˷ܵһݶˡ֨ѽ
Ľ⣿ͫһ


1327 ࣨ£
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Էò֮ǰʦɶ֪˵˵žͻˡ
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˹üܣ˸طʼѧϰ
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ԺʣԽԽУγһСܣش
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ľǷ˸һȭѪԿȱݡ
ڣ׽ٹͬУȴٲһȭˡ
ңʵӣԽԽǿֶҲʹ


1328 ʱչʾļ

˽ܹʩչĵ˵ͷٶ룬ϥڵϣʼеһƺ
нҪһ˱֮ϣȥһ˽أƷʥ㹻ȫʩչ
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Ȼܵ󷨼ǿһ־óǿһƺӡӣƺʱܲס
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1329 Ľ
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ܵķӡھ޴ĳ£һ죬ƺʱᱬը

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һ³ݷ׵ջƣžûʹָ̧ûˡ
ղֻݣδʵãʩչ֪жֲҹڵȻ޷ƣֱĸɾڵһ
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ղֻԼˬˣûעԷǰصķ棬̲סЩġ
һȻ˵ѹΪȴҲѹˣһܲסԼ񲻳ɱ֣

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1330 ȫˣϣ
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1331 ȫˣ£
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ܹͻƣ˵ۣ㶼У



1333 ָ
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Զѣкβңֻ³أϡͬѧ֮ĸ飡
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ĸɾֶڶ࣬ʤһ򾳳ڵˣǺܼ򵥵ġ
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ʵǫδͻʱƷ壬Ƕ֣˵λΪߵ׿ˡ
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û취սʤԷĻһн׿ˣʱĴҲԥ˫һ֣һнһƷХ
ǿ׿һأͬʱʩչһգ۹ж˺߽·ߣֻܱ
׿֪޷һ֣ˣٴκˡ
ǲˮ

κɻ󣬳»ζǲʩչָڿл˸Σ׷Էڵ
пʱǰ֪Ҫʩչ似ֱѪУƵ׿ҪѪ
Ź֡
ٴεͺһݣԾ
׿ڸʲô
ܼ򵥰Ϊβֵһֱˣ
򵥣ô򵥵ģ㿴ָķ׿ᱻֱӻгٺѨǰᱻѨƶᱻײѨϣߣ⵽ǿҵĹһһƣңҲˡ
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˫ս˷˵ע⣬տʼòΪȻ漴¶˾ȵݣЩš
ҶǼӵܣһĺˣ֪֪ףʵжӲסȴбƵ׿ֶ
λڶָ㣬ô棿
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ּıԣû̫ȤȻһĻ֣̲ס࿴ۡ
ʤǿҪսʱյķֺҪԶֵ˽СλԳ֣ƾָ㣬ó㣬òš
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ɶ񡭡
ɫࡣ
ʮУûĿҪը
ȻˣͱҲϧˣ
֪޷ˣ׿۾һ͵̴ڶ


1334 ͻ
Ѫ
ܵ׿ϢȻȫһ㶡
ѧ֮д裬óɣ
Ѫ֮һطһ֣ڣԿ⡭
żҵһЦ
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㲻ѪżҲǴ½һ壬ӵвֿ֪ʵط
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λҪùˣ
ǰռһʱˣǰֲ˶ã

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ƣǱԭһλǰ۲ɺ׷УľУ̫ٶȴǼ죬ңҽѰټ
ʽĲ֣һʩչ˾񿴵һֻɺףչ򣬰񷡣
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βڶʽʹñѨѨ
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Ǿ˿Ҳû취һתձѨѨ
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Ǽ
ͣЪϸնԷ˵ת
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ܵ򳹵ȹ̣ʣ鲻ԽֱԶеļ
ȻܹͻƣʱŹˡ


1335 ʦҸ
ѻȸʦڣһ¶ŨŨľ
ͻư벽򣬻ܽܣʹﵽֻΪԷһ仰ҵ𺳣Ѿ
ʦҲû˿ͻƵġ
ֶΣ
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ֶΣ
ղһƣӦλóŭ׿ģĿľΪú
˵ͷطҲǿʵȴǡ
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һֲԼĭһˣһֱʣʧӰ٣Լ⣬֮ûԣױɡ
һλǽ㣬ź׿սʵȴóڵӶ򾳳ɹ
겻ţڶսһǴҲУ
һЩ塢ڣЩǿߣΪú󱲿ʵдҲνĹඥ
ඥԿͻƣҪҲǼߣҪˣһУĹȫһ£ΣԸûκοܣֻҪһأýܴߣ
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Ŀһǿе⡣
սʱûͻƣܸӣʵϣֻҪ˫Ȼݣкܴġ
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ЦЦһƶ
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İɣʦǻϧͬѧ֮ĸ飡
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ǰλʥӵһ죬λżҵˣҲʮΪѡ


1336 
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ºˣһҵһ϶Ҫᣡ
ǸβõĻ˭϶λˣרŹ鷳
Щ꣬ûмģˡ

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׿ˡ
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Ҫ
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֮ǰһҵ飬ͼݲ鼮
ܿ죬׹
֮ǰͲԹص飬޷γ鼮յ׽٣ĳϽ٣һȱݣ͵ûѹأˡ
ۣ֮
֪ͼݴ˿̿סֻܿԼ䶯ٴе˹ȥ
ʱ㸲ʮķΧһִ׵磬ʮ״ϸͬһзڡ
ÿһͷӵпʥص˺ˣˡ
ڵʵȷⲻס
ȭͷ
֮ͨ۷ʵܽ˺ܴһأҪǿǾ޿ܡ
ֻܺһС
йâһ
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Ϊ棬Ĺ˴ƣ󣬶Уû취ۼϲ١
ȻҲֻôΪˣУܶ׵磬㲻ûۣˮܣͬᱻ
ӵ꼴ˣҲָܿУµĲ˵Ϊ򵥡


1341 
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Щ飬˵գ۹Ժһ顣
ʱս̺Ľڣ
˼ѪöҩŮɫŻָһЩٴοŭȼա
ҪΪػ̣Ҳôǿ׽ˣ̻һˡ
˭ģѵһ٣ҾͲձ̡
ҧĿ죬Ů
û˵꣬ͼ꣬ɫһұ죡
󣬵мħʦڣкڣĴ˵ĶУĶ䣬ˣ졣
ϾСһñ̺죿
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ΪŪҵ̣Ҫ⳥
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㲻˵ͻƣ첻ôҾáѾﵽϾ۷ˣ
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֪Ǻãе국
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塢ǵģȻʥ򾳺龳Ĺֻ̫٣޷γؼ
鼮ԺܿʶתһȦЩϧ
УҲ򾳺龳ĹԶγ𣬾ռˣǰľ棬Ҳ
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֪ȥң϶֪Ҳûãٴοˣ˭оƷʯ̺֮࣬ı
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СҺⶫͱԭĺҺ
һ裬ͷ󡭡
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ɫĵ
ǶԿ׵磬ֻҪֻԽԽ󣬽˶
ˣԷҪʲôźɵó
Ͼ۷塭Ҫɹô׽١ҾÿԲ󣡡
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򲻵ѣˡ


1342 ׽
꣡
սƲ㣬һ׵˹ڵӭӡ
ۣ
Ѫһͷը
Ѿ̺滵ˣóܹܵķΧڲû۳ҲԿġ
⣡
֪ȥԻָҲϲ׵ٶȣ˫üһ㡣
̣
Ѩγһ޴ķȦ
ò˵ˮȷǿ󣬽ʩչǣˮò
꣡꣡꣡
âͣ棬Ƿ࣬ݷס
ܹס׵磬̫ǿˣֲ˶á
ء
ͺɡԵס꣬ûˡ
ˮ޵Уڵʵֵܹһȴֲ˶á
ʮΧĽͻٴôâ
ֻܺ͸ղһʵˡ
һҲԥ׻͵һüķ˳
ɽǰͻƲֱͬڲ˿ˣ޼ɵʹȫ

Ѵﵽľ磬˿Ҳõ׻Ĺ˫ͬʱУܽһЩ
̣
ҺԪķʽתۿɼĽһƤϰ䣬ѿǡ
ﵽ־磬һ㶼ѣաٶѾûˡ
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ⱾΪķӰƤɵԽԽ࣬˵ļԽԽۣͬӤʵȴԽԽ̣Ʒʥļ
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ࡢ̺ˣһͷϼı顣


1343 Ѱʦ
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ʶɨһ飬ҡͷ
ţô׽٣궼ﵽ۷壬ôû뵽ܵͦ죬׷׷ϡ
ˣսҲ˲٣ھ㲻ʹҲܺʥ۷ǿһս벽龳Ҳη壡
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1344 żţϣ
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˼˵ʦεǸӣпǡżҵλСţ
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ǶǼӵܣ֪ӵоѪĺ󱲣жôȫżҼųһλѪţôһ⵽֣
᲻Ǽڲ
̲ס廰
Է˵ģصżСž̫ˡˣȻҲȢأҲûôˡ
ܣżʥŷΪע棬ڧ·
˵ࡣ
Ϊţ֪ʥŷĲĻ
аһλϣλãҪȡ͵ϮλСأԶ󿪡
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ܶڵдġ
㲻ǼӵܣʥŷĹءҿȷ˵˵Ǹܷģ
໹ûڣԬҡҡͷ
ܷգ۾
ȨʧʦҲףοһЩĳϣΪβܷ
ǺܾŶ˺òã
˵壬̫ܲף㡭
һ¶Ԭ˹ΪʥӵѧԱ֪ʥӵĵ𣿡


1345 żţ£
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ʥӵרŵһѡα׼ﵽʸ޷̳УӦ˵ɣԬʵ
Ӧһ
ʥӵӵۣ֮ΪʦΪɡ͵ǫ顢Ʒ¸С˧š˼˰ȫϣűʥݵĵơ
ûЩʵǿ츳ٸߣҲǲܵġ
ʥŷļͬˣѪﵽһʸȥʵǿ˴ȨͿˣͺżҵĵղ˵λνʥʵֻǸˡļλСţǧֻһ˵Ѫȴﵽʸ񣡡
ԬҲһ־Ѫɲʸļãֻ̫Сһжɳˣ
׹
ͬ
ʥӵдƹˣԼֻҪƽӡͻΪ˭޷Ȩ
ʥµĹأҲǿʦµġ񡱣˸Υ
򣬻̳Ϊʸ֮ģ
ԣ˵ģ˶Ȩ͵ϮǲܵģολСţѪһɳżңøǿ˶ܵõ˭ôɵٵԼǰ̣
Ԭ͡

Ρ
Ҳֻ²⣬û뵽ʥŷôء
Է˵Ĳżҵ͵ϮλСŵĿԵȷ
ţֻʦ˵һΣȷȷ˵żô壬ͬˣûһҲټǧҲпǡνʥѵĺӣ
̺ҡҡͷ
żּ壬꣬ѺһްԵĵ۹һġ̸֧ڣ˿֮࣬ʤͬһĺ󱲣Ͳ֪٣Էû˵˭Ҳ޷ȷϣǾСš
Ͼ겻ĳţճþ˭췽ҹ̷š
⵹ǡ˵ͷ
ˣżˣ
֪Щ˵ٶ࣬Ҳͷû취ȷϣ̧̺ͷȥ֣˵Сʱ䲻ʥӵɷˣ
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һͳֵı̺ЩУ˿̣ʳ⻰Ǹм
ͻˣ˵ã΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ˣǾͺã֪ʱлᣬҹȥͬԺѧӣһδλ˵еš
̺
ȻСʥӵˣҲ¼ʥӵûм
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λ֪˭ˣֻ֪ͷޣҶοˣ
֡
ͷޣʵôǿˡһʹ
ṬŮӦŮѣãӦ֪Լ޷ºԼˣɴӦ
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ܼ
ãİ
תͷ˹۾
ղ̫ûסԷ˳
ҡ뿪˵ѾӦŮˣͣ
Ȳ˵˵ˣԷŲţţϢһԼҲ϶̳Ϊʸ֮ģ
żСŵδޣϲһСطɢޡ
ȻըŪܶ鷳Ūãشķա
ŬΪ˺ԼһԼԲϺȡ
ƿӡΪʥӵλ磬˵зˡ
һеļѹȥ
ĿǰҪǣ͵ȡƿӡ˵ϵ鷳
鷳£ؿգѴˡ
С£Դ۹˵һֱѡȻЩ棡
ľתùž޲Ц
ߣ֪ʲô뷨ʶҲҲ
ߵдв
ȻЦ
вɶ£
ͬʱҲңղûϣȻϵ˲˵Ūãᱻٴαһ١
ˣЩˣʦ֮УǸһܲǼӵܣ츳ҲǿӦʶɣ
һ˸תƻ⡣
֪δɽѡεĵһͷ˵ʦܲһλ̫ϳϵ״
ǰʦܲλ̫ϳϣƽٲײβܱΪ״λȷܺãοΪͽģ̫ϳ֮׵ġʦ
п
ʦ
ǰʦ

һֱ


1346 ɱ
һֱԡĵԾӣΪֻǶ׫֣ζû뵽Ȼģ
ʦܲȻһλʦҡ̫ϳ֮һ
֣ײǹϣ
ѹ֡Ҫѵݣ˻ţԭαװĺãǡʵʵһˣԲܾ֣Ϊĸе£
һ·ֻҪʦʦþϢϱ棬һǣ̫ϳϡ׷Ϣѹ£
ԭˡ
һֱǲԼװ̫ˣ˲鷳ԭˣ
Լ͵͵˶Էͷٻ˻Ƥһ·ߵô˳
ôôɣ
𺳣Щš
˵֣ȫڱģôôɡǿһλڣ
ͼݣһ
һæʶ
ٴλصͼݵ⣬Ϸ֣بžԶϢͬһƿնһֲɣ֮С
컯һзȻ֮˵ʵȴӦˣһн֮£йɡ

ɲţλƾճ֣µ뵽ҪαװͼݣѾһǱʶԺѿڶ֡
Ҳ˵ڤڤ֮У⣡
ⲻΥɸģ
ȻƿͼݣҪĨɱң᲻һΥ
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˵ͷͻȻЩĿˣʦͣӵ츳ʵӦҲʦָɣ֪ʦǡ
Էżҵˣȴӵвżŵ츳Ϊ϶Ҳʦš

һ顣
ǰ϶ֱӿڣʦڸ˵˵ԷҪһǲʦ֡û취ش
شˣһЩʿˣԸѧԼߣٻԳɳ
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ڼ䣬ѯԬ꣬һֱʥӵûع壬ԬΣ֪顣
ϧֻա
߲ͣ۴һɽһۿͷ
⼸֮ǰͻƵΪ׹ûʯûӦΪսøǿ
֮ǰһԣŪһ֮նɱӦĻᶼûС
ڵĵط
Ըһ߲һɽͣһָ
˳ſȥͼһϿȣͬľߣֱǰӣ֪ԶȺɽﳹڣɵУֲˡ
۷ˮܲĵΡ
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⣬ʹﵽ˰۷壬Ͽȣɽȫγһڡ
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ȥɣ
֣һΣȥܿ죬Ͽȵڴ
СϿȡΪ㣬ʥ޼࣬һЩﵽʥصĶ̾Уԣǲֱӷɽȥ⵽Ϯɱ˭Ӳ

զࡣ
Ϊ߲ףǿʥˣû뵽ϿУиġ
ʦ½ȻԻô򵥡
ҲףҪɽӵǿʥޣνĶҲڣͱ˷ˡ
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ʵѾλ˲õ֮ˣ
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𾪡
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󷨣ı˷ֲҲֲ˱أȻ϶ͱҵˣ
ͷ֮Է֣ҲʹȻ

ҡҡͷĻҪ֣ûôף
ۣ֮κ⣬뷢νĶԲ
ʵһ죬ϲ飬ϲݣһ󷨵ĲַĵͼƲܴһǼ󷨡ʱҾˡרŹѰңŷһЩ⣡
ɫһ죬
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񲻵ڽ幰ã
˭ôʵģ
ɫһ۾
ʱеһɺӿȻڶԷϣܵŨŨɱ


1347 
ɱͬʵʣ͸Ƥ꣬鲻Խֱ
۾зɿת
ʵأԷҲֻǶŭȴûɱ˵˼˿Ӧôѵǣʲôܣ
ֻ֣ò˼飡һЦ
˫۽Ц̹ϣǿϢ˿ߵҺżҵ£ȻǾˣͲҪˣ
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ͷ
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֮ǰţֻҪԼӵʥӵݣżҼȥףټãԷʮ֮˾žͻͬ⣬ڿûô򵥡
Ϊǿʵ޷ѡЩѰζˡ
أ
ڸпͻȻһóе
̺ͫһǳβ䣡
˼æǰȥ漴һȺ۴С۷䣬һ㣬ѹѹķ˹
β䣿пһ¡
鼮ֶ֪ͷʵҲǿֻʥңԼ͡
۵Ķˣʥǿ߶ᱻ
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գ۹׹
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죬Ѹٰţ϶ֻңʱͿԳûߣ
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뿪ˡ
϶Ҫսģֲó󷨣ûʱۣҲûά֣ܲ˶ãͻɢ׽һɽȸĵطΧסֻΣգ

תҪά֣ͺҪƥһûжܳ־á
סһͷ䵹Ҳˣô࣬ϹƼǿûг֧֣Ӧúܿͻ
䵽ʱ򱻶ھͽ鷳
ᰡղŲʱάֲסһ˳㲼˸о󷨣άָ꣬Ӧò⣡
Ļ͵
˸󣿡
ٴһΡ
ҴҿȥȻȹƺо޴ĶԴԴϵ֧ת
⡭
ͷƤը
ص󷨡һɣ磬㿪˰ɣ
ȻˣǾ߰ɡ
ɫǺ죬æ
˺ö෽һûϣԷӳһͳ׽ǴܸС
ߣˣô첻͵ˣ
գգ۾
Щ죬ƳɺֵǮģֱߣӵʵڿϧ
ӻô죿Щһȫɱˣǿ϶Ҳкܴˡü
ˣɶˣտͦ࣬һ˳㲼˸ɱһ㹻˾ͻԶתžǣЦ


1348 ҽʦ
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󷨣ǵ󷨣Ѷȶǳɱġ
һʦõһ󷨣Ҫһ£ӣҪĸ£Ҫʮ£ĸûʮꡢʮĹ򣬸ɣ
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ֻеǰӿȲݣ漴գ۹ͱնɷĩӿһ
ǿ
˿ĭһͷƤ顣
Ȼֻǰ˼ڵ󷨣󣬾֮࣬ףǱУҪƿҲҪѺܴһֽš
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˽ӹ˿ȫüͷ
ôֻǸͨⶾⶫܽ
ŵĻǿԣô඾ϼڣҩ
Ц
ˡҽʦ
ȫüëһ
Щ˾ֶκܶ࣬Ҳȥԣ
ҶܣûҪ׷ʵס
Ǻã߰ɣ
˲ٶʣ˿һץܵȫ𣬳һ£ǽβʬսָ
ⶫô󣬵Ը˻Ǻõġ
ջ죬һƬղŵսδʥ޵ע⣬ͬʱ˿
סⶾһ£СķŽһƿװǰ棬ȥ


1349 
졭
һһ̺˹ȥ
ǰɣõö࡭
̺˰֡
ۿԷ󷨵ƿ֪ЩڶԷܷӸá
л
۾һ
Щ죬˵ȷô١
˵ڵʵֻնɱ벽龳ǿߣЩöԷ飬óʥسǿߣҪϴ
ǰУһ䣬˸Сġ
ʱ
ڼСģʥ͵Ϯڣټʵǿû̫󹦷򣬾ͳ׽
ǰǸɽ桭
ɽȲ֪һ޴ʯ棬ͣǰһָ
˳ɽȵƿȥ漴һɽǰܳڵֻһķ϶ϸ۲죬
طûɶ𣿡
̺һЩš
ǰɽûκ⣬ûŨҲûۣͨɽѺû̫
ֱ棿
Ϊ棬иϢ󷨣Եûκ⣬Ȼͱ˲ժˣ

˻Ȼ
ҲԣҪۣӯ෢֣ʥޣҲͳȥѰˡ
ʦԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿ󣬺ԣѾǵǱϹʱˡ
ǽȥɣŸʲô
۾Ź⡣
ΪѰʦؾǰѪҺ÷
ڻܹȥȵϣ
ɫصѹ
ΪΣ
֡
ҲЩ⣬һʱ䣬ͶһΣգҪȵڣ
ɽסһͷޣഫ
ޣͫһ

˱仯̲ס
ڵѱ޼ֻǣȻ鼮Ҳ֪ʥޣϡʥޣǴδ˵ġ
ޣһ̺ѪʥޣֻҪӵпʥǿߵʵ
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ʥأ
ɫء
ּʥޣ˵ʵû
ѱһͷȥżףҲϲ١
ǰԸҪһȻǼ˼һ𣬶Ƕ֣
³һ
ʥصʥޣ츳սͱʥǿ߶ҪǿǾǴ󱲣ֶڶ࣬ҲӦԡ
ּʥޣʵǿֻҪһ紵ݶȵϣûʲôɣ

ʥ޴ﵽʥأܲʶӺҹӰ죬ͷӵʥصƴ½۷ˣ˵ҹʲô
Ϊ
һĶһУ򿪣ʱһҫ۵Ĺâͣ˸
һɫӣ֪ʲôƶɣʮҫۣͷųĹâ
ʲô
֣ûס
רƵġ顿ͷ
飿
˲⡣
ޣӵѪԽɫƷУԣҴⶫֻҪӳȥͺ׽רŵ̵ƺ󷨣ֻҪʱˣͻᱻߣ
ͣʱ̫ǿѽЧ󣡡
˻Ȼ
Ѫ࣬ϲƷʲôܣֻҪõõȷ𵽲Ч
һ˯ͿǱ룬ûôΣˡ
֣飬ɷҿһ£
һҫĹâ˹
ֽӹ˹ȥ
ò˵ȷɶ칤ⶫģǸ칤ʦ
ָһ
һ鼮֡
飬칤ʦƶɡ
дּ
ʦѵ칤ƷҲоϸ࿴
һЩ칤鼮
ͷ
ڵ칤ʦںԶѧԺ˵ǡ
һ֮ģǾͨʥӵطԵЩˡ
ŶȻоɷҿΣС
ϻһʱ䣬һô֪ͨ칤˽١
ַӦһλ칤ʦƶɣʮ־ȱҲв٣Ըʥصʥޣ»в
һ£
ƵĺܺãͨʥصʥޣҪߣ̫ѣءûôˣ
һѾ޴ۣԺλó칤ĳųֻ֣Ҫ̺Ѫʥ޼ˣ϶ʮϲӶ̺Ӱ죬˯
ƶĵ
ⶫƳרڳˣõĽʥʥޣкܴЧǰ
̺İ棬˵ȷдãʥҾͲ֪ˣĻǣǲһġƵʱ򣬿ɷ˵ˣҪԸޣ
ʵ

һ㶡
ǣ̫ⶫʱ򣬵ȷû˵ҪԸʲôֻ˵Կӵʥʵǿߣ
ȻܶԸּǿˣʥӦҲ԰ɣ
ʥ޵Ҫ󣬻ҲǿⶫʹúˣҪ߶ԷҲǲܵģǿҪѲʱ䣬ûеô㡭
ŵ
ֻҪܴ߾Уʱ䳤νҡͷ
ֻҪܽһŪΣһʱһʲô
Ϊ˶׼СˣҲںһ죬졣
ʥصʥ޽ӴʱϵԽԽ鷳ҵ˼棬ûǱⶫˡ²̫ף
ͣһ£
ּʥޣ൱ըʱᱬըܴߵ˯ȥҲˣɹأ
棿һõ𣿡
࿴
ҡͷ
칤鼮٣ֻҳȱݣҲ
˵ôʲôãⶫԸѪʥޣҲҲ˺ܶ鼮֪ģˣ˵ˣԣɹֻӲƴɱסʱҲ㹻ǽժ

ĿΪ˶ֲǷҪͷɱŪΣֻҪ취ǣһʱ䣬Ҳɹˡ
ðɣ
Է˵ԼҲûиõİ취ֻҡҡͷ
˼һҪ飬ÿ˶˾ְһ£ָӭϵսͻȻüëһ壺ˡ
ˣ
¶ɻ
Ƕʥصǿߣûˣλε֪
ʱһЩС󷨣ֻҪ·ߴͻἤ
͡
ʶһ˸ǵķΧ㣬϶˵ֻ˸ڡ
ʲôˣ
˵ʵ
Ҳ֪Ͼ߹ǿʯͷӦÿԿ
һָ
һΣʯ棬Ŀ⼯УղɽȿȥȻӰ

ݵͳ
˭Ԭ̲סڡ
ȭͷ۾𣺡żңŴ


1350 ȥ
ŴôˣԬɫһ䣬̺ҲȫüͷȻ֣ȫ֪
ǡͷдѯʡ
żҺӵܣĿǰֻ˵СšŴδ
Ŵͬһʥӵţ໥Ƚ໥ϵһ۲Զ࣬Ԭѹô
Ҳøڣ
⻰̺Цֹǲֱгʲô£ҪȽϣҪһ䲻ɣܹȥһܹȥЩֳ꣬ĶС𣿡

ûڣԶһ죬Ҫȴ˵
ٵֵġƻͷǹģ
Ȼǣҡֻ̫Ӯˣûסˡһ
̫Ӯ
ţ紳أŴʮӣƴҲҪﵽŷӡþȫȻƲסˡ̺͡
һ顣
ƴȷÿƣֲҲ⡣
ڿȻͬҲƻϣǺзִģΪƻƻܶʱ֮٣Ҳģ
УԷĸֻС˲١
Ȼɶ໥ȽϣλŴڹ᲻˶Ϣһţ
ͻȻʲôü
ܺྺΪضҪңõıûôˡ
£ֻǼ֪İɣ֪飡ƶĵ
Ŷ
˲⡣
Ϊ˶ܵʥӵٰܲôԶֻΪ˹۹ΰɣ
ѱõԺѧӣѬֵܣó칤ʦۣԼҽʦģûΪѱޣ
ûлش
ѱޣ
ʲôȻ򣺡һ˵ҵˣǰʱ䣬Ŵ˸ѱ޵˵Ҫѱһͷ̺Ѫʥޣ衭òᣬһҪѱģͷްɣ
Ҳˡ
˵һԭء
Ҳ΢΢㵡
ǰ죬ǿȥϢʱ˵иѱ񣬱񣬱ȥӣΪҪȥӢ౨ˡû뵽ȻλŴġ
ؼǡһ
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˷Ӧ۹һ
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ǰҪԸͷһҲѱ֣治ԭɣ
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ʥô࣬һĿԺСҿɲţǰλûйϵ
Ȼйϵ
𣺡һҵ֪һϴܺأǱˣΪ˷ֹй¶ܣҾĴѱʥ޵Ķ˴顭ĿľᣬҴѱʥޡû뵽һϵˣ


Ҳס
һλŴ֪ѱʥصʥޣ϶Ҳ˿ȡڶԷǰɹöд

п
ת˶Էע׷ĿģæΣգһã
λŴܲѱޣ϶Էע⣬νżͱøӼˡ
ʥҵţԼĴ˸磬ıĴ졭ֹֿʵȴϸ緢
ҪѱޣǲǿĲʥ໥ǣ֮ٳȥ
Ūô£Ҳ̲ס̾һ
ջţνͷһȻλŴðͷֵС
ҲǲУֻҺŴôˣ໥֪֪ףһ֮ôӦٴҵټһҲضɣʱܣͺˡ
ҡҡͷ
ô죿
ܼ򵥣һЦĿ˸ǲҪѱ취ֹҽȥͷһͻᱻԷǣƣǾͿԳûѰһˡ

ͬʱͷ
ȻϷȻҪȫס
֪ˣ㲻֣񲻶Բڣ
ԣ취öԷǳŭȴ޿κΣ
öԷ㣬ǳĵİԼ֣ûʤʵ
֣а취ˣ
ţȻѾԼļƻʵ
Ȼ
˵ͷ취ܼ򵥣ȥǣȻޣװҪѱӣŴһһȻżͺ¶лɳˡʣµҲͼˣ
˵ͷ
Է֪ѱ޵ģط޶ԣȥɵҲթʵȴǹ⼤ŭʥޣöԷ̡
ԷʵֶΣˣնɱԿͷǺΥʦĵ塣
ȻҾû⣬ھͰһ£
˼࿴ԬǶˣȥǰޣʦԬǿֶζ࣬ɽǲ֣ǿԵȵϣԻ󣬶ڣҪ˼ôֻ࣬ҪŭԷ취Ŵǽּɣ
ţͷ
˵ĸӣʵϺܼ򵥣ԬǸ֣󣬽Ŵ˾ˡ
ԷͶҪ˼ɡ
ãȥӭһŴζҪֹǼǰ
˵꣬һݣŴӭȥ
Ҳɣ
뿪Ԭһƹʯɽ˹ȥ
ʦһᣬȲ󣬲ҪǿֻҪܶʱס޼ɣҽɽ취֮УֻҪЩɹˣ
һǰУԬһߴ
ͷ
ȷ򵥣ǵĿĲǽһѱҲնɱǼŭǹ
ס޺ǹȥæȻǿŴҲ˵ԺǺĿģ˫۷Ź⣬Ԭ˷ܡ
ߣϲ֮ıԣԼѧĶ
ࡢŴԺҲ۷弶˵ӵм
ҲãӦһ
ʵ˫սû̫Ȥʵûﵽ㿴ҲЩȫ׾ںδ
οһȻҪͼݣʱȱݣʮܣҲ̫ðɣ
ôûȤ뷨ԬһЦ㲻ҪΪֻд裬˽֣ɱɱգ
ɱɱ֣Ǵӵܣʲôޣ
ֻ໥Ƚϣ˰ɡ
㻹֪ҲԣŸ֪Ҳ
Ԭһ㶣漴Цһһܣѹ˵ŴҪ׷Сʲô
û˵꣬ͼں꣬תߡ
ȥŴ
֡
Ԭ


1351 Ҫż
ǻŭûȥüͷɻ󣺡СǺżҵǸСţ»ԼλŴΪӵܣѵҺͼ᣿
ᣬȻңֻǡСŲһֱû¶һϢ
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£
ɫһ죬ը
֮ǰȻˬСϾ˫ǳţֶǴѪ̲סҲܽܡ
λСţˣһֱװƲֵҲˡҪ
ֱ޿̣
زƷʲôèϵģ
壬½һֱҪ˼¡
лȥżңŪ췭ظҾͲţ
ҧŭա
ֻϢһġ
ǰ꣬ɫԣԬһ䣬С˫ģ޲Ϊ֮ԣλŴһ棬ϲҲҲ֪ÿħһãŪǺ£ԡ֮սһʼ˭ס
ζ˵սԬ鲻Խӡ
ķ޵УҪѪþȫ϶ⲻס
ͷαʥӵִ϶ͷ۲ѣǵƻҪǣǿƥս
֪ˣҾﲼ󣬹һᣬֻҪޣµλãҾͻἤ󷨣ʱ޷ߣ
еķŭѹȥ˰֡
ŮѣһһҪȥ׺ηʥŭԼȶ˵
Ѽ˳βĶҺʥضܶɱԷʵӦÿⲻס
ã
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ڣ棬˰죬˽ȥ
һһٸܡ
ڵʵֻܲó˼ڵ󷨣ھЩвˡ
Ҫסﵽʥؼʥޣû۷壬ڡ޷
ʵЩ
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ﵽּ󷨣Ҫ龳е˽⣬Ȼۻû̫ô
óһֱסԷ󷨣ȷסʱģӦûɡ^Ϳԣ
Լתգ۹һ󷨾͸Ժ
^ȻֻһְƷ۷弶󷨣Уͬ˺ҹܹ˵ʶʶҲ޷ӡֻҪУͬ׹ĺڰɶҲ
˵󷨵ǰץһͷóҹе^ʥޣɣȫУһͷûܳ˵
ӵ̣Ҫס̫ףԸʥޣЧãһʱұ֤ʱƲ̫ѡ
ɣ
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һΣֱɽķȥûǰͻȻеһϢӿͫһ޽ʩչ弱ǰС
أ
ˣ˼֣һɾ޴ϯϡ
ۣ
һ˷˳ȥֱͦͦˤɽԱߵұϣҳһӡ
ɫףײ彩Ӳֻüⱻദ˺ѣȫĹͷҲҪɢܣʹ
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̣򾳳ǿ˲֪ٱ
֣˲٣ûüһͷ֣ǰǱʯѹµļ꣡꣡УһѺۡ
ѺԽԽ󣬽ţ䣡һֱը
ۣ
һѪǽϣƺҪѹ
̫ǿˣٶﵽʥ۷壡
Уһ㷴ӦûУ˭ûֻһ֮ӿͷ
͵Щơ
ΪƣΪ֮꣬ǰΪʵڶԷǰȻûһô
˭ͷĳ֪ʱɲãҧܣҵס

ڽָеһٶͷ̷˳
ǵڼñͷ­ʱħշġ
Ȼ󲿷ֶֻԪңôһҲþˣ
䣡
һ֣ʱ󷨣󹥻ļһӭ
Ϊʦֽܵĺϻ˵ʱһܵĿ̱ת󷨣ѹķǿ󵽼գ۹򣬿ӿ
Щ֮ǰսʦõ󷨣ܽʥسڵɻܣڸǿȫ֣ʥǿҲһս
ಣ
һ纣ӶûױǿٴθеĹ㸲£Ӹɽľʯηı䲻˽ֻ֣бѹһ·ߡ
أ
һ󷨵ǰţܷ˳ȥһǶұϣȫʧȥս
ಣ
ڿܱɵ˲䣬֪ʱһг֣һɫĽâȥ
Ի˺ܾõһ֣ܵĿͻ۳һ޴УһĹ򣬾ͳԴͷ
齣
֪ǿ϶ֵסƷʥղžǰ֮УɱУ
ûüʩչһƺ齣Ͳʥǿߣټ͵Ϯչʾ˲ͬѰƺҪضֱ
ˣ
ñ͵Ϯļһ⽣ȻæңӦ֮ʱһٴ
ܵĿռͬı˽ṹɲǼ䣬齣׹۵ռ䣬ϵֱʧҲƲ
ʥء
彩ֱͷƤը


1352 һҴӦ
ʥض龳ƿض֮չͬ۵ռ䣬ܹ񴫵ݣѱı޷ϵĹУҲţ뺣һʧȥƿء
˵򾳡龳ǶԿռĳգ龳Ȼﵽ˴ľ磬ӵԼĿռ
һԳɶ죡
齣ոյһܼ龳ǿ߶Ҫݱ壬龳ǿߣûκô
ˣ
ͣζ˻֣̿޷ǰֺǶǽϵĶӣһˡ
ˣ׼ְɣ
֪˿̽Ҳãľһתٴνֹˮ״̬һϵеĺˡ
˵ʵˡʦ򲻵ѣʹãһʹã־ͱնɱûеڶ·ߣ
ţܡ齣ܹԸڿ͵ϮļһȻЩֶܹķ룬ֻܶĵˡ
ǣˣ
֪ΣգӦһһһָͻأ

һ㣬һӿǰ綴򣬶ʱӰ顣
˵ʵֻʥ۷壬Ҫʤ࣬ûôףϾվڴ½۷ĳͼʶڣټ϶Էֶܵιѹ궯齣
ƽʱʮ֮һûУһоͱ˸ֲ
꣡꣡
άֲס̸еѹϵæתȥ
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ǰҵޣ˵Ҫѱһõ˶ԷĺøУУѱûκϣ
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Ļδ䣬ٴθеһǿѹžͿ޵βͣɨ

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֪˿˭ָϣ˫۽ŶԷмæ
أ
һ鼮֣֪ʶԺ
ʥޣҶԶ򣬲̫ǿ
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һﾡʥصʥޣսǿ󵽿£Ҳкܴȱݣ
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ˡ
֪ЩһЩȱݴݹȥ
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꣡
޶ٴɢ
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û뵽һϾ۷壬ƵĹ޾޴۾¶ɻ
ɽȳưԣûʥ޸ǣӴ̫٣û뵽һһգ۹򣬾ܿȱݵĹ̥

ƻһɣ֪ܾ̫޽ٴʩչգ۹ϰ׿⡣
ͷһʵ϶޷սʤģֻܵ˻
ЩǣʵܲԷֻҪԼȱݣҪսʤӦò̫ѡ
ָܹŹ֣
һ޾޴ͷ­һ£ٴһβͳ
ƻĶ֮뿴׶Էʵ
֪ԷĹ޷ֵֻٴú˹׼һȱݣ˹ȥ
꣡
͸ղһԷάֵĶ龳ٴ顣
ܿеȱݣ
ֱʱ׹ǲš
ͬǿߣ㣬ûʲôһֻгϾ۷СλŨŨȤ
ȻһλʦָܿĻʵԲֹ϶ߵøԶ
ֹͣһæ
ôˣܽһƳԼ޳裬ʣµľͼˣȲ߶ʮһǸŴһ˵
ͿѾ˳ˡ
ָ㣿
Դһ࣬һ£ƾԼʵңҾָ㣡
ƾԼʵ
ָϢȻͬӦһɣڿܡ֮һܣ˵ָ㣬ΪҲûʲô
޵
ǰλֻгϾ۷壬ɿеȱݣָ㣬и
ǰǣӵѪʥޣôܣ׳ˣ
ܣ
ü
˵ʵˣԼֶΣ˵Ƿ϶Ҳⲻס
ʥǿߣԪԺÿһ֮䣬󣬶龳龳˵ơ
ôֶΣסԷͼݵȱݣųɹԷĶ顭ҪͽսӮôܣ
ˣǸûã
һһ£Ҳ̲ס̧ͷеޣӦӵмŨѪɣ
ԷӵѪܹƾʵսʤ

һ
Ȼˡ
΢΢һЦУŸ˵ķȣҽһҴӦ𣿡
һ
ɻ

ͷһ
ˣ
裡
Ȼ
еĵޣͻȻһ顣
žણ
ڵϣͣŰĭ


1353 Ѿģ
ѧϰֻҪûﵽ𣬶ӵѪʥޣͿѹȣ
ΪͷһʥأһӦô̫󣬲ɹԼֻ̫׸ԣ׶֣ζû뵽ôǿ
֪ˣһͺˣҲô㱻
ǡ
߸пڵϣͣ鴤ĵޣٴο޴۾У¶Ũҵľ֡
ѪȼɭϣܺųޣǺ壬кܴģԷܹôȻӵбҪѪ
䲻ֻҪңѪøӾʵǿ
߹ӶԷֻҪͬ⣬ͻʩչ
ҳ
û̫ã޵ͷ­
ܹ˵㲻ҲȻйأѪѹƣǵöޣʮˡ
ֻ᲻סɵˡ
ͬ⣬˿
ǰѰҶģζû뵽˸ʥصʥޡҲãԺʥӵȫԺˣѧԱУʤͷһģûС

ɽԬСĻǰС
棬ӵʥʥޣͷʶҲҷУֻһѰҡֻɽʵ̫ⶼȥʮˣûһ顣
ôûУ
һᣬ»صڵλãüͷ
һȦɽתһ飬ô޵ӰӶûѲɣȥʳˣûл
Ҫ̫ˣȫڶⲼø󷨣ԷһסҲͲðȥˡ
Ͽ콫¸ǡ
ſʶɨһ飬Ȼû֣ԬҴȥ
±뾡ˣ䲻Ҫˡ
ɽٴμкͼһͷ޴ޣſڵϣһĵͷĿš
⡭
۾һµԲԬǼһ㣺ʦô£
ˡ
ȥɽѰҵޣһȦûҵ濴˵ſȸǰš׷ʲô
Ŷ޴ϣպпգ˳ѱˡ
͡
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һΣԬûιȥ
ʥʥޡܶԶܶԶĴڣֱѱŶ೤ʱ䣿
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ѱΣսҲûκ壬˰֡
ɽսôԬ붴ڣͷʶΧӵ󷨣޷Ҳˣ˾ôҲûû˹òʲô°ɣ
ڵĵطȥ
ûǰ͸еһХɽȾʯƺֳ̫󶯾ʥޣ˫ƺֻһΧתû˿й¶
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ֻ˫˽⼫ÿһжǰ֪գȴ޷˵Էֺ
Ϊ̫죬ͬʦֵܣڷιС
̺˵Ķ棬վĸˣһ˫ֱǰȤĿ˫ս
ôˣ
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˵ֹԷǰУôˣ
ǹֹǣŴʤ˭ӮˣȥѱޣˣֱӹǾʹˣʵ£ֶ໥Ϥôʱˣûֳʤ
̺һ䣬üôͷأû

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Ŷպ޴һ
˵һ䣬͸ղŷ£͸еǰ˷еŴ˫͵һƣսȦ漴üһ˼Ŀˣû£
ŭȥ鷳ôܶ˺˵Ļˣ
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飬ʶ˲ԾҲ˹
࣬һ֮ǰޣ˵ҪѱĶԷŭֻҪһӴͻ⵽
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ʱϸһ飬Ȼ֪˶ԷֶΡ
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˾Ѳɣû
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ûش
˭
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ù˭˵СзǷ֮룿

ʲô˼۾Ŵתͷࣺ࣬ˣ
ʦ
ԼãҲü̲ס
֣˵ǲǶСзǷ֮룡
Ҳ˵˹
ߣ⣬ãϵģ
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Ȼ˵һҲԩ
ͷ
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ΪͻȻðļһʲôҪŴŭЦ
ʥӵԺ۷ǿߣʥżҵľţ˭˲ŵö£
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ʦ
Ҳһͷˮ
λǲǸձ˴ɵˣ
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ͷ
Ǻãҿʲôʵ˲񡭡
һЦŴһץʱһǿ󵽼͸Ƕ
Ѿģ
վԭһ˸ָ

ûһͷʮ׵޾ͻأǰִβͣ͵һɨ
أ
ûӦŴ͵˳ȥһͷɽ֮Уҳһ޴ĿӶ


1354 ޵ʵ
һƬž
˶ĿſС
ޣôʦĻˣ
һ飬ľګ֮зӦ
ͷһһιʱԶޱȣһЩʥǿ߶δܹ⡭
ţ飬ΣȻ͵͵ɽѰҶ˭֪Ŵˡ
ǰ֮ǰļƻˮ
ûüɣôͷ˹ҿӣĻ˿
æתͷԬͼҲ˹ȫһͷˮ
ңҲ֪ô£
ĿԬһҪ޵ı飬˫̯ϺҲҽɽȥѰһ㽫伤ŭɶûҵһͿʦšô£Ҳû
ţ
üͷһѵʦѾѱޣ
˵𣿺԰
Ԭͷ
ɡ
ൽڶţŹ˶ʮӣƾϾ۷ʵѱһͷ龳ʥޣ
Կ죬Կ죬ⶾҲԿ졭ѱҪǸĻۣʥ޳׳ôʱ䣬ͳɹȷûЦ
ѱʦҲɣ
λ֮ǰŰ󷨣ܲõıȼ̻𣿡
֪ţԬʡ
⡭ҡͷ
ΪţʦʦҲֹһλǲҲûô죡
λ˫ãٶȣҲԶԶ
ţ˱βҧһڣһ¶ûУ߱𣿡
Ԭʣţ˶׽٣ܰ׽ٶܣٲһ𣿡
˵
һֱΪԼǸõĳţӢһ֪ͶԷ˺ܴһء
ͬն
ޣҸղԼʲô
ѹ̸ұУҳӵŴٴη˳һķŭ
ȻҲû뵽һͻȻˮ
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ղһŵ˼ΪıѾȻΥ˵
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һöҩָһЩӿŴݿҪҧˡ
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αȸղεһ֣ɽڵĿռͿҪѣһڵѺۣŴǰƺҪ˺ɷĩ
⹥֣֪ڵʵֵסһҧŴĶһö͵顣
ˣ
гһˮ㵲ǰ޵Ĺ棬˲ʧӰ١
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ģ
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˷Ը޵˵ͷȫ˲βϣ׼λã͵һ㡣
꣡
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ۣ
˺ѣŴҲܲסؿһٴε˳ȥڿУѪ
⡭
β𾪵˵ŴһļˣҲһɴ۾һı顣
ǰѱͷޣ֪ɹѶȣ̶̶꣬ʮӲʱѱҲͰˣһۿ©ڡ
ܵסȴҲǰٷ֮ٷϾĶҲʦ֡
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ѱޣľһֻǺæģαΪ˶Է׵ԼżңԺʥӵٲά裿
ĴۣȻ˽⣡
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ĽĽ
ͷ
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ѹܺʹ˸ƽ֣ȷС
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צǰУںĽһա
أ
ɢˣһ˳ȥұϣŴٴѪؿڵ߹Ƕߡ˸Ѫܡ
һ֣ҵס
֪ȥпܱŴ
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ĸԬ˲࣬ﵽʥأޣҲһս

һ𣬿ӿ۳һģĹâֱ޵ͷ
ǹȻб
γ̺һߡ
ʲô
Ǹ߼ѱʦõһַ˵۳һץסʥؼʥޣҲѣ
̺ٸ߼ѱʦַʥץȥãȻ취ѱ

˵䣬γɵ޵ͷϡ
һŭצ̧һ˺
أ
ըͬʱؿһƣ޴Уһȫӿеȥ
֣ȻҲǵ޵Ķ֣


1355 
ʥأ
ſУ֣࣬˿ĵޣĽ
ʥǿߣ֮ͷţԼĶ죬ȷǿ˶ܻ࣬ʤġ
Ŵ˾ܸʥӵԺ۷弶ĸ֣ʵȣǲ̫ˣ
ȷ
Ҳ̲סп
Ϊղһ֣Ѿȫڿʮ֮һʵûó
ȻȲԼָǣͱֱҳˡ
ʵȥףӦû򵥲١
Ŀһ
ȻʥأʥŷҲʲôɱϾվ˴½۷崦ټϲŸնʮ꣬ӦûĶԷӡ
䣡
пУ޽֣ˣҲŴһһұϣͬ
Сӣ޳սʲôӢۣҲҺҵ
֪ȥҲ࣬ŴҧѪ
ʥ۷ǿߣһֻʥص˵Ц
ȻӵԽսʵʥ۷ȣǲ˺ܴһء
ȻǶ֣Ҫ
Ű
ѹΪսŴæ
Ƥ̧𣺡ûգ
Ϊѱʦ޳Ҳʵһ֣Ȼó֣ܽŰȥûҪϳ
ĿҪըŴЩץ
Ϊżҵĳţڼ壬ʥӵ˳ˮ˳磬ɶʱܹί
㲻ң
ȭͷĿҪۣ۾졣
̫ǿˣҪսʤ޿ܣչѪ֮ҲܹߡֻǣѪ֮ʩչ츳ǿҲóȻʹá
ˣΨһǰķǽһܣ
ֻҪ֣˲ƷԱ˿̵裬඼úýѵһ١
ȻԼôĿԷһȥʲôĿʥӵ
ǰң
ͷ

ŴһΡ
ߣᣬһֻ϶ۺĳһﵹãһνһ¿ˮ̣Ҳҽģ
Ƥզôأ
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һöƷʯóҲԺȶǼһ϶У
ۣ۾һ
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ãҸöƷʯûУֻҪӦұԣӮصʥӵ룬ȡ㣡
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⡭
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ã
ڣŴû̫ԥȡһֽҧָ⣬ܿдһּҵѪҺ飬̺Ѫ޷٣
ӹֽţһۣԷûˣֶΣĵ˵ͷеޣſǣ
ǣ
ӦһһɣסԷĶ֮ɢ

˻ζһ£׹һ룬ջڿסΡ

ȡһƿҩöÿ˷һţԼҲһöŴžû˲١
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á
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µľޣֻҪһﲻ֣һϾСѣս츳ӦÿŰɱ
ΪܹѱͷһӦǽĳֶΡѱʦܶģȫʵ
ɲţ޷սʤĴһԷܽһ١
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ɡ
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Լ˵ģϣҪڡ
ȻĿҪըŴҲ֪ǸᣬһкˣͬʱȥһᣬҪ𹥻ʱڽһƷǣ˻ͷ޾ˡֻҪ赲סһҾܱ֤СҲҷϻ
Ļʣˣȫĵ˵ͷ
һͷ޳һ٣Ҳñһ

꣬ҲѹΪӿڵϣΧġ
ʼɣ
һȣͬʱ֡
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ǿ
ͫһһ
Ϊ˶ԸޣǰϹ󷨣Ȼﵽ˰˼Ϊѹ͵˳Ͼ۷壬󷨵ļû䣬ʥسǿߣնɱ
ʦ°ɣ
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ˣתʱ־˵ʱ֮Уһ
ֵ
ɻ漴ʧʲô⣡
أ
һ죬Žʧ֣һһٴǶұ֮УѪͣʣǾͷ­һᣬȫ˹ȥ
⡭
˵ɴ۾æķȥ漴ƲƲ죬һ֣һһįѩ̫ı顣


1356 Ťռ
˵ʵȷʧ
ΪλŴΪżţʣλ֣ͬ£ܺһսֲף̫ˣ
֮ǰϾڣ˳ͨ˿̣׻ȫ׷Ŵ˾ţ֮һȣɲ˺ܴһء
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˸ǰпգպÿȥҶ
Ȼвˬżңء
ԵĻòþͻᱻʥ޳ˣڼɱˡ
ţһʥ޸ңˣҲٽɽ
ã
ǿѹסĵ𾪣˵ͷ
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ŴôĿһưոݣصʥӵСһЩ鷳һҪ֪һ
һɽߣһߴ
֪ŴΪˣȻΪӵܣƷʦĵ鲻ȥʥӵҪΪһˣ׾ٵġ
㲻ΪѣɨأҲܼ򵥡
ǰλΪ˰ͷԺ϶鷳١
ͷ
ʵѵһΪԷзǷ֮룬Ҫˣ£λ˸磬Ҳһˡ
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ղѰ޵ʱ˳㽫оһ飬ǸͨɽѺ۳ֵĶѨɶûС
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ͬʱ˿
λСҲ̫˰ɣ
ͼܲ³żѾܿˣҵλáôģ
רŰƵĵͼͿ˳ҵ󷨵ĺģӵжż
һһƴСƳģָһ㡣
һâ˸̴ɢɽڣУԼԼʯѷ֮࣬ͬһɽˮͼʵںһٲֱ˴ˡ
ǿĿռá
üëһ
ɢģˮīҲ󷨣һֿռ֮
ԿռʵںϣֺҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ɽںɣƴз𣬱ֱǰȥ
˽ϡ
ܿһѷ졣
ǰǽ赲һܱյʯҡ
һͣƲͣת
̫ţʱƶƶϴѾͬһصˡƼȻͣӦþ⣡
˵ͷ
Ҳ˵֮䶯ٴο˹ȥ
ȻпռŤ
üëһ
ȷλãȻһЩԾ
µĿռ䣬һƬ֥СĵطŤȷصĻϸѰңԲ
ϾŤһЩĹһ㣬Բ⡣
ѹֵޣʥǿߣס˲֪궼ûʵ̫ˡ
ңƾۿͼ˸ƣͿѰصʵٴθеѹ
֮ǰ֪ʵϲû˿ڣʵû취Ѷ֮󣬿֪
ܶѣһȢ
۾ȭͷ
һûɶ⣬ֱӿɣǸźȥͺã
ͣµλãԬ˴۵Сۿϰ죬ûҵʲôʵ̲סҡҡͷ
ã
Ҳ˵üëһָǰһ㡣
һѪҺ̸ֳ
˼ָӡһϡ
ˣһ·֥СĿռŤתǱ
˻
ռǱ˺ѣ֥СλΪģϳ©״תԽԽ
ȥɣ
ƺ˼ɫЩס
ã
Ԭͷٶ˵©˽ȥ
һδ֪ΣյĵطȻȳȥ

ҵ©Ϸܸߴ󣬰׹䣬ԽԽС̼ͱС׹Ťռʧ
⡭
һμ˹Źֵ龰ȫüëһ
ǡܿصġ졿
üͷ
Ԭ©״У˱Сˣʵǿռ۵Ť˲δ仯
ͺվھһԶˣ;һԶСвһ
һ׿ˣ׶ߣ۹۲죬Ҳ֥̫ࡣ
ǰ龰ˡ
©ǿֻм׵ľ룬ҷΧʵȴ˲֪ٲռ䣬룬ֻѾ˺ü
ԿռΪȶռ䣬ɲ¶ˣʵ֮ǿٴﵽʥأҶԿռ򼫸ߣȻϲʥȴҲԶͨߡ
о衣
ѹ֮ǰ֮۶޷ֿռʵ̫ˣڵܹġ
ߣҲȥɣ
ԬУ˲ԥ̺˽ں棬Ҳ˽ȥ
ʧһ롣

һ˲ǴӸ߿£ֱ׹ȥ


1357 զ÷
߷Хղŷֻ׸ߣ˿̣ȴǴǧ׵ĸ߿׹һ㣬ٶԽԽ죬ܵĿռѹҲ𽥱ǿ
ǰһ֥СĿռŤһȻһƬ̲֮
ƣľïһڣԣվһ֮Уȫµϸ鲻Խ
ʥصˣȷ
ղŵŤռ䣬Ҳֻʵ룬һﵽ龳ͻ
п꣬ǰȥͼԬվڲԶдãȻҲǰĳˡ
ʥӵĳϣҲвٶԿռģҲֻǲø۵ռ䣬ŪĺʵƣŨֱ
żλǰ⴦ɽװ˽Ȼôּı

Ҳں˽
װռ䣿
Ԭȫզ࣬Ҳǲ˼顣
۵ռ䣬٣ԼϾһͨ¶ǺʵģʵװȥԴԴϲֶΣֱ칤˾̾
ֿ֪żǿһλ
ɻĿ
óôżʦ½ǿȻҲŨīزʵһʡ
˭µģҲ̫Ӧúʥйأͣһ£
ʥ
һ㶡
ǰԿռģ˿ʦ棬ֻλʥطõ˾ֲıʵ벻˭
͡
Ȼ
ѹֽʱ򣬾ռŤܿеľƶϣ˰죬Ҳпλǿ¡
ϴκͶԷĵʮֿģϧʱ䲻ܹú̡
ǰϴо˺ü죬ûС
ǰһָűɫĲݵǰȥȻԶУһңһϸϣһɫĺ«
ͷҲ⣬ڳ֮УܵĿռ䷢Ťƺǰժ粻ͬһ硣
۾Ź⡣
ΪΣգû뵽ⶫô
ҿ
Ԭ棬ǰһ̤ȥժ«ͻȻëէ弱ٺˡ
ˣҲЩˣһϢ֪Ӻζգ۹ؿڡ
أ
ûӦ˾͵˳ȥ󣬻˼ʮײͣݱЩס
ҪͷǿټϷӦ죬ڵ
󷨣
ͫ
ûǰͱԣֿɼĺ«ô׵õΧ˸ָ󷨡
ϴ޷룡
ͷ
ϴ̶Կռ򣬾ǰľ룬ԬҪö࣬ͬ޷еĺ«ͺֻԶ۶һ㡣
ʦϳʲô󷨣
̺
ⲻ󷨣
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ɻ
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͡
ղԬ߹ȥͼݲ鿴ˣǰ󷨵һ֣Ǻ˵һһֿռϵá
ѹΪ
ü࿴һ˵Ԭ԰ɣ
ܶԴҪʵ飬ԬˣֻΪ
һȥӡͨûκ
Ϊﵽ־磬ڵڣ˿йͳ죬ҶԷõһطΪѹƵĸӳףǰ֪֮۶
øķ
۾һ
ѹϢģ֮£ԭα¶¶ţԷԼƿֲ
洴ķô۵ռķӡʶ̽鲻
𾪵͡
ţ̾˵ͷһȥ֮󣬲ܿʲôܶȻԽǿ⵽ųԽ
ǰռ䣬ˮľһѹԽݣٶȾԽ죬ҲԽ
ֻͨ˵УŲܵ
ţ
˵ͷһҧǰȥ
ӡΪȻû⵽˼ɫͱ÷ףʲô˼Ķһ㣬Ż̿֡
ǧҪͷŷӡ
⸱ģü
δ䣬Ϳλ˸磬Ҳβסӿ
¡
һҺ͸ղŵԬһ˳Ѫɫס
֡
æǰȡһö̺ҩ˹ȥ
ҩƻһЩ۾ҡҡͷǸ⡣
û¡
ղŽͷô
ü
ר˵ˣ۷ʲô£ҪѹסΪҪͷţŽȥͱ˳
δ̫˰ɣ
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ЩΡ
ţһҪסԼۿñ۸Щ̲ס
΢΢һЦ
ǳÿħ֪ǻþ̲¡
Сʵö࣬۸ʲôã
һı̺Ʋ졣
Ҳͬı顣
С츳ǿʵͣҪǣ˾飬һתռգʥǿ߶ѹֻʥصʵʲôã
ҪҲǶԷɣ
ҵʵǲãǣ˸۸ƴȥ
Ŀд᣺ĸ磬һֵǣҵˣί
ΪŶżе⣿

ǣżǸʲôƨСţն˵Ѫȷã̫ԴˣԴʼһζûֱ֡ˣβ
Ҳϣߵ
һȷ
ǸԼŮѵļһҲһŭ̲ס͡
ҪлԼ϶ƨƨܳˣԷߣװģ
ǰ
ŭ壺ҼһԴ

һڣԴǣһҪҲ
⡭
ߣĶˣԬ̺ˣһЩ¡
ǿȫɶͷԡ
˼ൣԼùòҸ
һˣʲô
ؼ

Ҳ̲סԬ˹ȿȣʦ񡭡żСţûɣ
ҡ
һ㶣ʱ塭ֲޣõˣһǸ޳ܡɡҪСˣˣΪʦνѵһ٣֪ߵغ񣡡
⡭
˶
Ȼûɶ⣬ôоôأ
Ҳһ㶣ϸȥķŭǹӣ̲סп
ֵܰôõˣզͲҵ÷أ


1358 ܿ
Ԭֶֺˣչһ£ҽȥ
֪˵ȥ϶¶ڣæתƻ⡣
ɣ
̺ǰһóþԪ񹥻΢ǿһЩӦܼһʱ䣡
Ҳã
һ£ͷСĻþǧҪʵ
Ԭ˵Ŀռ䣬һ壬ͼݣοҲȻͬ
Ȼ϶ղž֪лþˡ
ȻҪȥպÿԶ࿴һ£иĲο
ţ˵ͷ̺ͬΪӡ
ӡķ֮࣬ۿûͷţһ󷨸оûôӦԲ

ŮǰȥղԬĵطҲ񿴵ʲôͣһ
Сġ
̲ס
úˣûõģǵطȥʶɢҡͷ
ʶɢ
üʶӿȻǰԶ׹һ磬Ҳκζ
һ۾ܿȴ硣
˵ĵУ̺ǰһûסһתͬǰһ˳
ô
ǰ
ҽУƺ͵һռ䣬һͷʥޣĴɱˣ̲ס֡
ɫ΢죬̺͡
סģһӣʥҧԴʵ
ͣԭû

̺վڲԶﶼûȥôܿʥ޺ͺӡ
ʶ޷̽飬ȴܿǲ𣿡
Ļ
⡭
ס
ʱ۾ģδؾġ
ͺ¥¥ãڲԶʵȴǼٵġ
߸ԼʶΪʶǾӣῴڵ龰ʶûȴѵܱ֤ģ
֣һ£Ǹǲģ
ͻȻڡ
ã
˵ͷ
Ȼղſı̺˵Ӱ񣬿ǼٵģеĶͬδġ
ѪҺɳüͬһֻ۾й۲ȥ
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷҸоϢ
о
ɫ÷ס
Ϊ׼˲֪ãҪǼٵģֻǸͿˡ
ҹȥɣ
üҲжϲô£ֻÿڵ
ǰ龰󣬾ҲһͷˮֻԹȥܵõ𰸡
СһЩ
֪ǰֶ꣬μཻ࣬һ
ţ
ӦһһΪѹ̧Ҳȥ
ӡΪķûĸأʥǿ߶޷˸ˡ

У̿ǰããһƬʶӣԺ֮ǰһ쵽Զľ룬ȴʲôһҰأֻһˡ
շֿˣȻʧûֹһ㡣
Ȼ졭
üëһ壬ǰ漴һɽǰ
ٲˮ̶ˮ
ǡ
һۣ̲ס
֮ǰǵһصĵط
ɽ
޳ΪҪֱӳȥɴʶ֪
æٲǰ濴ȥȻһӰվԭأͬһˮī
ŮȾĺɻ񾲵Ȼƺʲô飬ء
ء
һǼ
Ϊʥӵܼ֪Խ࣬ԽϵѹҼˡ
ˣе˼ȴûֺŨҡ
ԣǻþ
ȭͷǿסȥĳ嶯ƽ
ԼѰҶһ¾ɽٴμأҲ˵Ǽٵģ㲻ǻҲܺͿռ۵йأԼ֮ǰľӳ
ಣ
лָƽǰһĹâͻأ֣գ۹򣬾ظǰ˲佫̴
һŮ󣺡尲޸ңȴϲˣȻˡ͸ɣ
дŷòЩŴ֪ΪΣֺԼЩơ
żҵСš
ͫһҧ
һ϶ǸżţҶضֱ֣
һ𣬸⣬ԺеͼͻȻһΣлӴڶñ䣬ٴηӦǻþ
ľתָֹˮľ磬ٴǰȥСŲˣҲˣɽˡ
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ա
ͷ亹
֪ǻþˣ̲סҪ֣⴦żˣԿռռǿĵգҲﵽ˼ľ磡
ͼݣȻ»һֱӴȥ
˿ǰȥǰУͻȻ˾ҵʧظУͬ׹ܿʡ
ͷȥͼڿУ·ĵ棬ԽԽʱˤȥ
ڽΪѹƵͨ˵ľ磬ôߵȥȻᵱˤڱӡʱάַС
ǻþ
ѹסϢ۾
ղŵ£϶̲סڣľ˸ߵٲ֮ǰôš
ҪˤٶֻԽԽ죬ʱǿͬᱻѪҲ

ϲֹˮȻҲоХķ׹ĸоٴ۾վԭأûж
ռܲЧǴδ뵽ġ
˿̧֣ͷܿȥ
󷨵⣬ﵽ˰۷壬ѧϰܿ飬Ҳﵽ˼ľ磬ͨ۵ռ䣬Ѿסط侫ʧأ˿쳣Կռ֮ǿࡣ
֮۵£ΧĿռ䳲һ㣬һĸӼһֺˮʣУҪܵӰ죬Ԫ޷ѡ
ռһֲƺƵʣֻҪҵͿá
ܿеݣԺʡ
ԭˣ
֪˶ã۾һ޷Ĳ֣ǰĸӣںһȻ
֮ǰѧϰܿ飬ΪںԹеݣټΪޣ޷ߣ˿ʵﵽϾ۷壬ǰĳԿռһ
ѹܹþռҲ󷨲ó󷨵һ֣ȻӰ˵˼
׹
󷨿Բóռ䣬ռȻҲܲó󷨣Ӱ˼ά俴ֲɵõģס
ЩԿռǴﵽա˰ɣ
һ³۾Ź⡣
ܿԿռֳ磬ֱءա졢ͻ
أռ䣬ٶȼӿ졣
ͬԿռϤٶȻ˲һ㣬׵ľ룬һ˲ѡ
ȫ־磬龳ǿߣҲܴԷǰٲܿռӰ졣
գǶԿռһƿ۵ռ֮࣬޷סеԶֽѹơ
ںĴͻĿǰû⣬֪Ĳֻ֪࣬żˣ϶ǴﵽˣΪ죬˵
ﵽطӦҲסˡ
һЦ
Կռ⣬ﵽա磬ٴοǰͬ䳲Ŀռ䣬Ѿûκܿԡ
ղþͬһĶҲĿʱƻ
ȥɣ
ڣǰһ
һһ̣Ѿ֮ǰĺǰɫĺ«ǰɢǿϢ


1359 
һŨʵʡ
«·ɳ
ժùȥͺˡ
³һһЦ
ҪֻҪѼ㹻ʯɣȻ󣬶˵ô󣬻ùϵʱֻҪλæԼ䣬ԼƴŬǿĶࡣ
ֱһ͵ץ˹ȥ
ûԿռﵽܿһץܵĿռǱ«类㣬ߵ·ȫ
ƣҪں«ʱͻȻǰɫĶ˯һ㣬͵ػζһ¡
꣡
Ŀռѿ漴еһɾ޴ѹƺҪֱ۶ɷĩ
ţ
ͫһҲ̲ס̼ӿγһ޴ϡ
Կռӣ˿̶Ҳ⵽

ǰĺ«Ťһƨɡ
˻
类˺ѵֽţ˾޴Ѻۣžɽһˣ˫ӭȥֻһʹ䣡һ£˶
ˤڵϣɫס
ٴվŸеֱ۶ʧȥ֪ͷҪˡ
ڵȻﵽ˰벽ƷʥƷʥնϣʲôһ𣬾;ʹޱȣ«Ȼ
ɶ񣡡
תƻָ˹ٴοԶĺ«۾졣
Ųܽץס
һһѾһһâ˹ȥ
齣
Ȼܰ龳²ͣղų˴װֱӽǿı˳
̣
齣һ֣ܵĿռʱŤʱᱻ˺顣
۵ռ䱾ûôȶټԿռﵽأ޷ƿһ˲ŤǺ׵ġ

Ϯ«ٴŤһ£ǸƨɵļһŪɧ

ۻһΣԻޱȵĽͣľ䵽˸ϣ޷ǰֺ
⡭
üëһ
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δ̫ǿ˰ɣ
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ٲһ˱ǰ
ಣ
ݺᣬƺڵ˲ɣһٶһ磬ֱǰĺ«˹ȥ
žણ
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䣡
ͽзһų߲ʵĹâ
һƺǿƥں«ǰûκãâ棬һӡû£෴«ٶȷԽԽ죬գ۹򣬾ͽƵ
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һƺĿǰǿľУȫʩչԬ˶̫η塣
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̫ǿ˰ɣ
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֮ǰսΪ㣬˿̣׻ľƾҲвʵ
أ
һѵֱ۵ѡ
ٴεɶڵϣعǡ߹Ҳ˺ü
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Ҫ֮ǰĽ赲һһ£Ҳˡ
ಣ
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һٶȸ죬ƺҪͻƿռײݡ
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ȫʤǶ֣˿ĸɾˣҪɶԷ»ᱻֱɱ
ռ
֪Ϊ˷ֹ˿ָһܵĿռ޷ӣͬһʱ̣˳
׻طʵٴαսǿ٣ӦÿԵƬ̡

֣ô£ȭͷ«ӭȥ
ٶȻܿ죬ͺ«ȣǲһЩȭͷûڶԷϣѾǰ
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Ҳݡ
ˣңҪɱ㣡
ÿγҪ鳰Ц𣬾װƣλûü˵ͱһ«ұ⣬ǿҵŭ⣬Ҫը
Уȭͷ͵ӭ
䣡
һһΣ촽æתͷ򲻹ܰɡ
սܱҪǿɺͺǰ«ȣǲ˺ܴһء
ܣ
һ㶡
ǹ«ߵģûԷͱߡδЩ˵ȥɣ
ܣҿɲ㡭
ס«ĹҲĿȫǣûģҧ
ܺȥˣұôңʲôܡ
ܣ㵹ǳ
ðɣ
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꣡
«ƺŹٴѹֵһξǿҪըŷɳ˿̵Ѿ˵˸ղųֻþĵطӰһԭʧ
ڿУԼԼ«ɺ󣬺ĻصǰһΣٴιȥ
գ۹ָղûһ㡣

档
ŲԶ߽ȥӰ˴ŵġ
ʦӦû°ɣ
ʦ⼫ߣ㲻󷨣ҲӦò£
ǰֻҪסΪӦò¡
۷׷ףȻ˵ȴûס
࣬ô˹ôۣ«治֪Ǻˡ
쿴ʦǰˡ
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˼æȥȻղŻڲԶǰͻأĴԭʧ
Ӧͨˡ
۾һǼͿһӰֱ˳أһ£ڲԶڴڵѪ
ʦ
ȫһ˼Ҵҳǵġ
û¡
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ҿܵĿ죬һþǶοռ䣬ͼȻѾǼһˡ
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ѵҲʲôʵ̲µ飿
ǡ
ҡͷ
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һۣԬǺ档
ѲɣǰĿռ䣬󷨣ˣ
ҪˣҪСˡ
ǡ
һ«ġ


1360 
ѹꡣ
һ·϶ڴ˸ǰֵĺܺãѱޣôиɻζû뵽ͷһ«ˣ
򲻹ʥޡҲͰˣһϵĺ«ĶҲԽԽöˡ
«ģ
һ£׹鲻Խļ٣ô˵ʦˣⶫʵڣӰ񣿡
ǣ
ͷ
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ʵڣû
ܹ龳սǲʥسǿߣʦ츳˫ȴҲֻʥسϾ۷壬Զ޷սʤʮңҲǶ֡
һɥలο
ͻƵʥأôܼ򵥣
ʵ˵ץסץҲ޷
˵ž˲٣̧ͷˣѾƽǰĿռ䣬һᣬȥ«ֻǣһʮֱ꣬˿ܾͻ֣ԣҪǰָƣ״̬
ã
ͬʱͷϥ
ҲɣȫѨ򿪣ָղһƺĵ޸ڵơ
۵ռڣŨ˲ʱͳ׻ָ
«ʵȷǿ
һ߹Ϊһ˼Բߡ
˺ü취Ƕ֡
˵һһӵж龳ڵսڵԿġ
ǡͷźˣҲָǣͷ­һս
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1362 ͻ
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ྡܿһò˵ɫȴ֮࣬ǰҰˡ
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ܿ콫һ̳Ƴ׺꣬ΪûѹƣԵЩɫ״̬֮ǰҪ˲١
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˵ı飬ö˵ͷڶҪʥӵ𣿡
ȲأطȻǸżӦֻжĿģǽĴѰңҵı
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1363 οռ
żΧɽĵƣһרṩֻ򵥵һȻиĶ
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˵ͷϸǰĻȥͻȻһסͫɽôôϤǡƽӡǸ


1364 ô㣿
Դ۹ͭߣȥ黭ʦѰ˳æˣ˿ʦ
˿ֿһҾߣɽҲȫͬ᲻ửͬһط
ûпʦҲ֪ǹûǸû֣
ü
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
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εʱ࣬һһأȴʵ࣬벽龳ʱͻƣʥӵԺҲ۷ˡ
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ЩְҵҶƻǶ죬ŴҴȥ
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1368 
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˴죬ʡȥ鷳˵ȥŴҲǷǳģοһﻹǷԼʯôˣҲҪˡ
ҿʲôһЦ൱ǰȥ
ǰλȻΪߣ۲󷨣ָͻƣų˵֮ã˵кܴ洦
ֻᣬȻŹˡ
һǰУһƬ̺΢΢һЦתͷһﲻԺãȥ
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ţú֮ǰȥ˵ʦһһְҵʥӵķֲ
˵ǡʦ۾ˡ
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һ·ֻţδû뵽ʥӵȻС
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Ц
ô֪Ŵã˵ʥӵвߣ֪ԷĿģ̫ѡ
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طҲǵķΧڣְҵĿ˵㣬ȫͬʮֹžɣ͸¶ԶŵϢ
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ͨЩĽӴҲˣλﶼãǶõ飬ĵЩ̫ˡ
˿϶ͱһ٣ǰλ˺ܴæɹͻơ̲סȰ衣
ȻҲöԷΪԼ÷򣬵Ҳ£ǾԲܵġ
ΪӵܣһĵѪ޷ıõˣοһֻгϾ۷С
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Ŵ߳һ۵ꡣ
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ĻŴͿԺúõһˡ
ˣҪ㣬ʦҪǣߵλСѡ
⸱飬Ƥһ̧˰֡
ңסΪΣ
ŸչԷ˭֪Լʲô
Ҳ̫ȥ֪ˡ
ʵҲЩ˼顣
ʦݣʥӵĴͳϣ˵ӣҲûκΰ취ȴҪһûκֻ20ԼԳӭӡ
ɻ
ҪǶԷλСһӵгʵҲˣֻгϾ۷壬طţʥӵһץһѣʲô
ʦ֣Ҳɴ۾
ΪлᣬŴǰһˣû뵽ԷҪλ
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Ȼ֣ԷҲ֪ٶ˵̧߽š
ڲӹžɣһŹֵ˲ڵϣһǣָСʮЩ棬еͭǮеŹǣ۾˼ڤ룬ƺܵʲô
ǰ棬һɫļ׳棬ȵ̿ϣʱ
ǡе׳棿
ɻ
׳Ȼûȴ鼮أ˵ţ˵Էˮֻ꽻ӣŻӵգ׵ά档
ʮϡ٣һЩѱʦҪѰҶɵãȴڻտͷԡ
û˵Գ԰ԣʮһĴָСĳҲİ
ЩʦѵܱյĿռرʶѰƶ׳棬Ǳ̿ǣ
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Ȼʦȴѧϰ֪е
⡭
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׳̿ϣʱܻᱻҲлᣬӳ죬ǻŻ۹۲ûнѦ̵èһۣ
׳棬ܹηʵҲ棬Ʋ˸˽翵ĻԵɵ޳
ƺ˶˵Ĵתͷ͵
ŶƶǶһ̿ϵĳӣüͷһ£ôȵĻ棬ӦϾͻɣ

ЦЦܹԳ꣬ġ
δ䣬һԭ̿ϵ׳棬ͻȻͣһ˲ը˷ĩ
أ
һŹ֣ѵһգ
ꡣ


1369 ͵
ûشĻ׳ǰϸһᣬЩš
Ȼﵽ˰Ǽ𣬲鶼ռֺǰӣ֮ǰüΣնޣô˵ըըˣ
νĳֻǸʰˣȻǶԷ˵ģպһ٣
ҾҲܻ䣬ֱըɷĩɡ
վԭؾһᣬʵڸ㲻ףô£Ųȥ룬Ŷǰȥ
һᣬһ䣬ûüţһ𣺡ɣ
漴Ż򿪡
￴ȥֻһߣڴм䣬һվһ࣬ǱˣҪҵλŴ
ʱϵѾãϢ֮ǰӾƺϴȻһ٣ʵȴҲ˲Сøˡ
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ŵŴɫ̱ࡣ
żӵܣ֪ļһ޳豩һ٣ϿȣǿҵҪըˡ
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ղŷϣѧȥӭӹŶУΪĳһλΪʵﵽ۷ǿߣζû뵽һ
һֻгϾ۷Сѱ˵ޣŵţЩʱҲڣλֵˣ̬Ȱɣ
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ȷ㲻ΪǸޣˣ֮ǰ£ԺҪǰķҲ޷㣡
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⡭
û뵽ѯ⣬ͣһ£һŹֵĿ㡭ʹʶʹţôʶӹȥ



1370 ʥ
ûǰӭӣټʦݣǰ͸оأζû뵽˼õʶ
ֻҪʥأ˶У۾һַΧڣʲôԿֶ߹Ҳ׾ˡ
ΣԸҵѧ
꣬ٴĿ⾼Ŀ
ҹżԼλײβŮӣΪѧ϶ˣǰλкܴᣬһɹʦְҵȻǰһ¡
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ʦҼһ棬ȻƢЩ죬ְֻҵֻʦӦҲ˵
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ϵ˼ʦʦʦܲλʦ
ûü˵һŴһ𣬾Ҳɴ۾
·˵ǰλδ˵ʲôʱѧˣ
λҲ⣬ΪκŴ˿ηˡ
żҾܺųƴ½һ壬ʦܲǰǲ˲٣Ϊһ̫ϳϣλ֮ߣǸǧһֱȱλõλ᳤ܼ
Ϊʦйأʦ֮඼޷ܣҵȨޣײ鵽һһֱԳʦѧλҲʵ벻λʦܹ̳ôĵӣ
Ц
㲻ԷʦǿԿϡ
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ھܾ˿һ϶츳ѵӣЦЦʦ鼮廨ţܶ࣬Ҫѧϰһ졢ɡʵҪ֪û츳ô鷳ʦ츳ֶΣ׼츳Σ
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ḧǰĹžɹףϿ˹
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΢΢һЦϿԶŴ⼸һֱѧϰûдӦǿģǵȷʺְҵҲģ
⡭
û뵽ԷԼɵӣŴƤ˳飬вãǰƣ˹ȥ
Ĺƺܵ˴ɫѺۣȻͷųҫ۵Ĺâ
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ʣִ˵еĴڣܹͷųٸģҲûԲ֤֪ܹ

ڴУ˹档
ˣ
һâҰڹʣ͸ղŵŴһֻҫۡ
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ôûֶٷģ
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𾪣֪˵ЩʲôǺãͼһķɫͻȻһ䣬æ嵽ǰ
Ȼˣ¡һǰžɵĹףը˷ĩ


1371 ҵķ

ƤһˣԭأҲǣҲǣ֪Ǻá
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ʦº޹أиˣЩʲôûܵų˱ʣ£ְҵȻ£ҪУעĺгְҵʮְȫġ
ȫԷδԼ˿
ͼݵ飬϶ǲ˵ģȻԷûз֣ǵ͵װԺΪá
ڶԷʧҸ취ɡ
ǰ㿴ֻ⣬ҲһΡ
ºòţ֮ģæͣţ㿴ǱߵĲ󣬾ûκ⡣
˵һָȥ
˳ָķһۣȻһڲԶܺ;޴ĹȴûܵӰ죬һܲڷڣܳȴɾ¡
ⶼǵĲ飿
۾һ
ֻҪ飬Ϳ۳ŪöԷǱҲԽвˡ
ǰ
ϵͷԺ֮⣺ʥӵãְҵҪٵö࣬ɹؼȴ˿ѷɫʥ׾ܳ˵⻵ˣ㻹ǿͨѧϰԼ츳ġ
֮ǰԷҪ顢ѧϰȷԼʲʺְҵûͬ⣬ͦȽ鷳
ʥѣҪҲ޷ˣֻʹԭʼķ
Ǻãȿ
㿴˿˻ûǰ۾ɨ˹ȥͬʱаͺȱݣ
¡
δ䣬Ϳǰ鼮Ǳһգ۹ȼճɻҽҲ֮ǰĹһ˾޴Ѻۡ
ͬһѷ档
󡭡ɫٴһ죬һѪ³ƺЩץˡ
⵽׷ʲôôգ۹ýӶĳ£
һΣ˵ûںϢˣΡҲ֪νˡ
ٴһ飺ѵΪˣ
֮ǰȷΣſһ鼮ͼݾͱѾȷˡ
תͷЩ͵ߣǲ̣ϡϡϡ
ԷûлӦеǸԽԽŨϸ۲һ£Է᲻ܴ̫ԪͿһִ׵粻֪Ӻζֱ˶Էͷϡ
꣡
˵ϡ
ϣ㡭
һ飬æǰ
أ
׵罫ûֻһֻţ治ͣĳ鶯ЬӶˡ


1372 Һ
֪˶ã׵ʧϻͷĴӿ˳ϵı飬Ǳּ˲֪ٱ飬Ҫʧжʧ䡣
ǰཨ鼮׻ٻҲˣɡƣͻȻ׵罻ӣԼȥô
ֻոͽܶѡ񼫣ɡ
ҿЩ׵ֻŽѵζûɱ֣Ȼʥص۷ǿߣҲȻⲻסͱˡ
ʦ񳿽ӿаγᣬҲ֪ðοǸ˵Щʲô
ʦٶˣǵһμ⸱ģ
ҡ
֮ǰ緢ߣ̶ʮӵĹģǸ⡣
飬Ѿˣ֮ǰԷ˵һȷͷ
ʦ͵ش޷ҲˣԼΪͼݵƿߣǰһͨԽĶͻ̱֡
ͺףûң⣬֣ͽ䣬
Ϻڣ
Ȩڣ
˶͵һ£͵͵ѰҲûˣ
ͼݣֻ鿴ϣγ鼮ܲܰζû뵽һԷ͵ְҵȻ׵ˣ̽һΣһΣ˺üΣڳȷϡ
⣬Ūġ
Ǿˣȴ˺ˡ
붼ǲ
ʦ鲻ְܿҵҲܲ̽û취ѧˡ
ͬʱҲ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ְҵô˵ﵽϾ˾أܹѧᣬݺ͵λȻٴӡ
ͼݷǵ۳鼮ƻְҵԵˡ
ϣʵڱǸҲҲֳ˴ıʡ
һã߸ǰȭʵĵǸ
˰ݲʦòܵκӰ죬ͼݣڴȻܵ͵ĵط
Ⱥʦûȫˡ
ô˵ԵʣжҲòֻ̹Ȼϡ
ûйϵ˫̾Ϣһٴҡͷ
ʦй¶̫ܣóܵĳͷǰλ츳ѣҲܿղٿǽй
˵˵ȥԼ⣬ǡ
ϣ˻ңҲʱûͽ֮ģҾͲټˡ
֪ͣԷҲţٶ˵
ãȻȥɣҰٺߣ׷ʲô飬ȥ㡭
ϵͷ
ϳˡ˵ٶҲûôöԷʱ뿪Լ취ҳڣΣ˵ͽͽ⡣
Ȼģͽ˼ҲܴӦ
ǣ
ҡҡͷתȥ
뿪
뿪ʶܹķΧҲ̲סĸǰѹʦղŵ׷ʲô£
Ҳҡͷ
¾Ǵ˸Ҳܶ˵ǣʵ̫ˡ
֪˻شüסûжʡ
Ȼ޷Ʋ⣬ǾԺǰλѲ˹ϵ
Ȼû£һ֣
˵Լƻߵƻģɶ̶һʱӴǰλôоԼҪ͵öࣿ
Լƻٻмѭõ̫ûƺΪһó׸ϣûκκۼ̽顭
ƻ߾磬˾塣
ԺҪúúһ£θƻ֪
ס°ͣ˼
ˣŸˣŴһ١
п˰죬ͻȻһ飬һĶͷ
ѯǲõǰλйأιҪĿˡ
ŴǼһﻹûûüһ١
϶֣񲻵ڣòͻΪȴûط԰ˣ
ܹȥˣ³ˡȥңԼ
Ŷ࿴ô
ܼ򵥣ʥӵְҵ֮ûżӵܱȽϿǰģ
˹
ȻһŲãȻżҵˣƷٵ츳ȷǸǵģ˲ʵְҵҲѧĺܺá
żҵǿ󣬲սϣְҵҲкܸߵĽ
ˣʥӵôη;壬һĵλܹҡ
ǾͺãŴ˭ҹȥսޣ
۾¶˺֮ɫĿһֻҪһ·սȥλŴͷ
õȻʱڲ²ⲻԼʱˣһԼйء
ҪǣѾ֪ˣλĴڡһﲻֵҲˣһݣͼݾͼпй¶Ϊʸ֮ġ
ʦ½֮Բطعأɱ˶ᱦҪԭ򣬾ΪʦУ˶֪Сģϵģһ̸֧ڣ˭Ҳ֪ǣˣһ㲻֡
˵ŵ۹µһʥŷ㴦˸Сǣ˾ʦʦүүյֱ塣
Դֻ֮ҪУһ˸Ҷһ·˰ȣ͵ϮɱĶûУͷ˺ܴá
ʵڣ£ôδóɹģʦܲҲ˹̽ˡ
ԣʱ䲻ˣ˲ܹɱλҹ֮ǰﵽʦ⿪ӡΪĵߴﵽߵΪ
˵ݣ˭ʦܲҪ鷳ҲҪ
λ˸磬ҪȥŴ˼ǰ󣬲ûżҵˣȫʰһ¡
֮ǰʦҲ˵ˣÿһΪˣҪսһ·ѹ͹壬ȻǵΨһĺѡˣǾûʲôصģȥɡ
ʥӵ췭ظͲţ
սޣ
һ£󷨺ѱҲǿ󣬵ޣżҵҲȷܹʤǱԷѵ
ǰλ
ҵרŵȺ󣬾ʦҲκְҵǿǰλϺѱϵ裬ʮŷְҵһ뵽Щżµļ¼ЩĿġ
ȥܴҲˣһɹ˴ˣЩˡ
ģֻҪҵ㹻鼮ҵ£ûôף
Ŀһߵ
ȻţǾͺãҸպûȥһʦᣬҪҪȥ
˵棬ͣһ£
ʦ᣿
żҵˣ
Ŵ׵ܵܣŷ壬еʥӡļȻﵽ˰ǡвУ
˵ͷ໹Щǡ
ʦŴ׵ܵܣ
һЦİɣô˵УλŷƷһʦˣҪǺһӣǾͲˡ


1373 ͼɱ
ȻżЩҲȡ֮ˣֻҪԷƷȥ̫ӣԼҲ̫֡
ŴһҪ⣬ǾͲ˼ͱˡ
ŪͲ
ղ˵ʥӣʲô˼
þɻĿ
ʥӵְҵֻҪһְҵܹͬʵˣΪ֮ĵһͿԻáʥӡңⲻݺ͵λֻҪΪʥӣ͵ڳʥӵһְҵ֮У֮ѧӴˣ˵Ĵʦ֣
⣬͵λŷ壬˴ʥݵʯ񣬲ƶ߲˹3000ļ¼ųɹ
ʯ񣿡ü
ʯӦʮּ򵥵İɣᶼɹˡ
ۼ֪еˣ
ΪȻЦҡҡͷ
ʦʯȷѣҪʯûôˣȻҲ3000ֻŷһ
ʦҲǵߵʱ䲻ǰ
վڹĴǰνʯ׶ԷΪʲô˵ˡ
ʮɸߣҲɣԭأһʵĴã֪ʲôʯ̶ɣͨںڣܹձ˵Ļȼա
ȷ̫ס
һ£Ŀء
ʯҪ飬¶ҪѺܳʱ䣬ļ
ؼǲ⣬̺ԣɹӦò˶ãҲٴɢ
飬ͬˮĿ죬ʵĸ졣
ǰߵٶȸϲϺߣԶܳɹλŷ壬ɣ߲ȷֶǿ
ǰ֮Ӵ
Ԫһһӿ˽ȥ
ɲǼ䣬׹һڣûĻֲָʶɢȥ
һ㣬һָҫâûгɢ͸еһɾ޴ͣܵĹߡ
ܶǻʯһָֻղԶĵط

һԪعٴ۾³һ
ȷѣ֮ǰ鹫ᶼҪڵʵҪҲ̫ס
ô࿴˹
ɷȥʦ鼮Щɻʱ벻ͨҪ飬ܽ
һ£
ֻǼ鼮ǵĻûϵͳѧϰ
ֻҪ㹻ȥ۳ķΪνʥӣӦÿɡ
飿΢΢һЦֻҪͨǿˣΪʦ뿴ʲô飬㿴ûơȹȥҸպеҪ졭
ã򵥣ٶ˵߽ᡣ
ط͵ʦ˵㣬ЩƣûмˣԵʮ壬ܿǰ̨ҷԱȡԼĻ£˹ȥ
ʦ룡
ԱǸ20Ů֪ݺԵñȽ飬ܿͽ˲󸽽
ʦ鼮ȫܶ࣬Ҫ鿴ʲôǰ˵һҿ԰ҳ
ˣлл
һЦŮֱ˽ȥ
ԴǵĹᣬȽϵͼ鼮Խ٣˰֮ǰٶ࿴ǵģԼ֪ʶȹ̡
뷿䣬Ȼ鼮ǰ
ȱݣ
һ

鼮׷׳Ժ
ţôٶȱ֮ǰˣ
һ㶡
֮ǰĿɨͬռÿζЩͺҲ˵Ŀɨܣͼš
ڿţţٶȿ֮һֹ
ͼûгֱ䶯ҲûлԣӦòǷɱ䣡
˼Ժвͣ˸
ʦѧԺغͼһɱ䣬֮ǰҪִſԽ鼮սУɱֻ۾۲ˡ
ִȵı仯죬û¼鼮ٶȴˡô£
ѵ
Ŀһ
ȥֻһԭ򡭡
Ǿǡٵʦᣡ
ٵһ͵ѵ㣬ڻٵһŻһ鶾ٶȱ죬᲻йأ
Ѳʦн
۾ˡ
ͼȻˣܹٴνʵȻмĺô
ԺҪһᣬ𼸸ʦˡ
ͷ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬ǲԭ򣬻Ҫ֤
ٶȱ죬Ҫʱܿ鼮ʱȫ¼ԺԼ֪ʶ
»صҵ˷Ա
뿼˰ʦ֪ҪЩ裿
ҪۿǼ鼮ҪӦļ
ʦ
Ů¶˾֮ɫ漴˵ͷʦʮּ򵥣ʦʦ֮Ͼְҵô鷳ֻҪųϵ棬˼ܣͿˡ
ˣ
˵ͷ
Ů·ܿһ
𿼺˵ĳϣǸʮߣȻﵽ˰Ǽ
֮ܺǰԴǼЩƣṹ򵥣Ƕְҵǰưȥ
Ԫ˸һУʱ䲻׵ȼ
˼ܣͼģͿ˰ʦʱõһֻҪӵͻƵ˳ͨ
İǻ£
û뵽λһͨˣҲʮֳԾܿͽ˹
˿ʦڣۿ
ʱ߳䡣
ȻƣȴȻǼ鹦ȫգְҵ˳ﵽ˰۷弶
ʦô
뿪⣬ͼӭ
ţ⡭
˵ͷشһ䣬ͻȻͣһĿɿڴĿǰ⡭ô
ֻǰʱǰԻ͸ʵĴ˿̣Ѿ̮ĴðŰ̡
ŶҹԳϣæȹԪ񡭡˭֪һֶ̫ˣԪûסŪˣ
ͷԴεĵ
Ԫ񡭡Ū

ղһ˵ҪʦЩ£Ͳ³Ҫ˰æԪԱ١Ϊܼ򵥣ζû뵽ǽ˼ҵòˡ
ܲߵĶƻܶ˵ĺòã
ƵĲ̫ãʵ
˰֣ߵһĲµģ
࣬ҪҪ
δ䣬һŭ漴Ϳˣŭ˹
һλǸ꣬ʮˡӣģŴЩơ
ŷ壬ʲô˼
һΣӽ쿪ʼʦᣬٲӭ㣬ٸ̤벽ͱǲ
ŷҧ
ǹὨ̫ƨ£ߵ
㻹˵ҪԪƲסǸʮƻ
һ˦ŷǰһھͰ䲼ʦ᡾ʥֻҪٸ̤ʦֱӽٲ顭


1374 ߵ
ԷĻɫ̱࣬ۻϢʱŷŲţھͷ㣿
ʥӵһ·ѹʲô˸Һ˵
Ŵˡ
ңǶְʵȻǿˣʦᣬΪʥӣ׺ս
ŷЦ
ʦᣬǿܣһ飬ԱԷʵǿΣ
ֻҪӵʥݣ͵޵еĴڣʥأҲҪ飬ҷ
㡭
ĺ٣ҧĿ졣
ôˣƾԼʵʦᣬõ˵λ㣬ԼҵˣΪƻС׸磬żңʥӵ㵽ڣͶιˣ
һ˦䣬ŷߣУϣȥСżҵľȢңٸҸıòıܣǲ
ңǺǣ
໹ûü˵һ̲ס˹˵˵жңô
ȢǼĸ֣ǸСװƲ֣ǿ˵˵ĸܣҲͰˣΪżҵˣȻ˵ֻ
ֱ˼㣡
ƻҲЩˣϾ̫СˣԼҲƻȴҲзִģղŵʦᡭˣǱ˵ˣһϵûУͼݸã
࣬޿ɺǣȻ˵أʵ̲ȥ
ʲôˣ廰ĵط
û뵽Լںǳ⣬һ֪Сһ죬ŷ۾Ȼ
ù˭ֻʣСӦǽβ

ߣҲӦСߣǰĳƺѣż㲻ʲô
ŷЦ
ٸ˵һ顭
ϵϢ˲йһֱն˺ѡ
ԷЦûʲô˵þԲУ
˵һôˣʲôƨСֻ࣬˵˵ɡޣǼлԼܵ棬ͱ˹ģŷ硭
ŷЦ
ƨ
ŭ֮УѾ˳ȥӰڵһ㣬գ۹˶Էǰ
¡
һץ͵ѹǰĿ˲䱬ը
ߣǧȷѾõϢǰЩ˼λϹ⣬СӦû㡣
һΣŷĹһߺˣһĲмôó˵ˣҲҸÿɵľܺáҪҿ϶ܹȥˣ

۾죬Ӱɿ죬һһܵĿѹȵŷҲ
أ
ۻݺݴؿڡ
ۣ
һѪŷ嵹˳ȥ
ʵܲҲֻͱ̺޼֮ǰȣЩ࣬οͻƺġ
ֻһоˡ
࣬Լ
صˤڵϣŷ巭۾Ҳó졣
һץҰ򣡡

ǳ⣬ǰ̶ʮͷܡ
ЩܼȲ칤أҲһЩⱦ飬ûʲô𣬵ʵȴǿ
һͷˣףһܵĿռ䣬ͱЩŤ
һͷˣ֪ʲôƶɣ쳣ƷʥҪƿ¶ҪѼĹ
Ըŷ壬ɽѹʮͷܶȻ֣̱æңЩ˲ˡ
ɶ񣡡
ɫڣһŭ˻ڵٲڡ
˺
벽龳ʵͷſܵĿռ䶼ЩŤŰ䣬Ѿ̮ĵطھ޴ĳ£øӻҡ
ԭΪŴսʱȻÿŰԷһ٣˿̱ԷҲͲס
أ
龳龳ȻֻһС𣬵ȴ൱磬벽ʩչ׹̶Ҫȴ޷ӳ
꣡
һѹɽѣӶʮͷܾȻûгסһȫˢˢſڵϣһͣȴ޷ٽֺ
㡭û뵽ǰλʵѾﵽ־磬ͫһŷ弱æˡ
ѻ˵ӵõ𣿡
һ˻ξǰ͵һ̤ǰĿռ䣬ʯͷˮ棬ơ
أ
ŷϣͬ󴸻УٴѪ̴ӿбֱ׹

ӿд£ǰһ̤գ۹򣬾ͳŷǰһŶԴ˹ȥ
ٶȺһ»УҲˡ
Էãױŭʲôأʲôȫȥܡ
ۣ֮
͡
ֵģ˸ȥջͣ
ڻݣ˵ޣҪʤһҲ̫ס
Ȼ˸Կ϶Ҫ취ɵһ
˵һ˭Ȳˣ
㡭
ƣŷ度ˣٲұѪȻ
¡
ʱ·һ㣬Ҳٶȱˣ͵һգ۹׿⣬񱩵һš
¡
ڵ棬ʯһֱʮ׵Ĵӳǰ
࣬ˡ
ŷŵӣûӿеȥ
طȻˣֻҪ㹻ܹɽܹܿ޽ҳһӣ涼ٵôؽ
˵Ѿ׷ˣ
䣡
ûشܶԷǲǶѪӰһٴγڶԷǰָſһƾӡ
һƣͬڵͷϵռ䣬ֺ˲佫һĶ֮ڣŷֻͷƤ飬ϢѹĿҪը
ûϣѪ
ܶѪ޷ֲ֮Ĳࡣ
ʲôʱͻƵģôôǿ
ͷƤըŷǺڡ
֪һһþըԼ
ԼҴ̼
Ѫ֮תٴһڶ˶Էİơ
¡
ٴγһ޴ӡܻûĽζ˼£֮ǰſڵʯ񣬾޴ĳ£ҲͣζʱӶ
࣬һְҵʥӣң͵ںְҵԣԺȻ޾׷ɱҲ޷㡭
ԷɺͿʨһŷˣ˻
Ǿ׷ɱˣ׷ɱҲҪ
¡
ٴǰĿռٴʧһĹֳڶԷǰһƺ¡
³׽ܣռǱ˹壬û취ƶߣʹż츳Ҳ޷⡣
ֹûУ࣬Ҫ̫
¡¡
Ҫŷͷϵʱһȣ߲֪ʱǰһλһ죬һâǰ棬档


1375 ر
ʥǿߣ
۾
һУܽѵܱ࣬ŷˣ۷壬ʵֵ֪λԴﵽʥض龳ڣڣ
ʵ½϶⣬κһԿ棬һˡ
أ
֮ܵһף˼̧ͷеˣѿ
ŷ֮ĽԷΪϣȴǿв֣ΥʥӵĹء
λϣŷãѵһ٣ʵʲ
һŭ۾ɵúͭһ㡣
ˣֵɫ࣬ﻹʦᣬʥӵ𣿿Сҵϣ˵ʲôôѵҪʦ᳹ưոݣ
Ҷʦûκζ⣬ŷļһԼɱһżҺʥӵһλϲҪ
ǰһȭͷ
ԷãŹĻʵڱﲻ
ŷ壬ǹʥӣ֣ᡭϹԲƽϣ򣬾ҵˣҲܵҵĴۣ
һλϣǳ⣬˫Ŀ硣
ΪѧöٳˣҪ֣ĿҪը
вң࣬µľв˫һȣϵϢٴεȼ
ƺ㶯Ѫ¶ԷгػҲҪõһĴۡ
һǷӡ
ľٶŷͫ鲻Խķ
ˣ϶ˣ϶£ٲ˵ϻǰλã˿˲ɱɱ𡭡
ֱǸʵʵķӣһȫûǿɽ
֣ʣµĽҴɣ
λϺŷ嶼Ծ裬׼ӭսʱһļϡ
˱Ϊͱߵļһ˵ȻᱻĿȫǣ˭ϲȴϿӿƣ̳ˮȥ
⡭
գ۾ȫһͷˮ
⺻ʵղžֵʮͬըҩãһȼ޷Ȱ
ǰ겻20ֻ꣬˵һ仰ȼյʲô
ʦ
˵ĳԾתͷꡣ
ס
ѹסǶԷƣպð˼ѪϣӲѾʼȼյѪѹȥ
ģһСֻ
֪ԷЩʲôĿһ̧ͷеλߡ
λǰֺżҵĶԹǲҪ֣
Сӣ֪ں˭˵
֮ǰǳĳϣٴδȡ
˭ֻ˵һ飬ÿְŷһ٣ұ֤¾ôˣ򣬴϶ÿ
˰֣
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شӦԼŮѣ¸˼壬ٺżҲпܷġ
Ůѣ֪ĺȻƽʱĬԣԸ˵ǹؼʱӵкǿľ
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ԷΪԼίΪˣôҪֽȡ
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1376 ʯ
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ŵ뻧ԣڿ𣬻ǣɲԼŮѣۺڮٵĴڡ
ʦ֪û㿪Ц
ǰͷ˰̧֣ͷԶŷ壺˵ǡǰ£
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һλҧңؼǣʥƶȣʥӵµģȻΥǺʥӵԣпܱѧ

ΪҺӵܣΪﵽ˰벽龳㱻Ҳûʲô㲻һ䣬Ӧǽſİɣǰ;ԶĪΪ˵һ
һϵ
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һְҵʥӣеţǰλǴ¼ŵԳɹţʥӵֲȥܲ˻᳤ѡζû뵽㱻˴˵ֻҪȡ֮
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ʯûߣҪˡһλüδ䣬漴ߵһλϲͣŵӿк˳Щ
ûߡǣ裡


1377 ɽ
裿
λĿɿڴæϸȥȻʯŤ壬ƺĽģĳ˶
æԶ꿴ȥͼ֪ʱվ˫ֱ󣬿дʡ
˶һģ߰ˣģ߰ˣģ߰ˣĶģ߰ˡ˶һġ˶˶
λһɡ
˰죬һλ˵
񣬲裬ڡ
ǰ
ʣλϻеĵͷԼǲǿˡ
ʯʵ̫ˣɹϼͻͣ£޷ֺһû·ʼ
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λ𾪣ŷԪ񣬴˿Ҳ˻ȥڿвͣƺʱܲסֱӱ
ʯǰ߲룬Ͳ۵ѪһȻʯͣŤͣ١
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һһʶûУЩʯ񣬴ԭʱôˣȻ˵ģ
еˣһץͷҡҡͷʦû̹úã˱ˡ
ҪҪСѧ֪óϡȴֱʯǰУһ㳣ʶûС
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ʥӵķΧԴ۹۶ҪΰĶ࣬ڵʵҪʱ߳ȥҲûôס
ʮӺһɽϿա
۴һصķ棬չһ㣬Ĵð̡
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ͨ۲죬ϳطλ˸սʱµģ佻ֵλʵͿ¶ﵽʥأߡ
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ˣ


1378 ޳ܵĺ«
٣ΣޱȣƻʥӵרŶɽٵĳ׽٣յʦıӻħ١
ڣȻȻǳʲôɿƵıʣ׽٣Ҫô˵УҪô֮ͬھ
֪Щδżǰ֮ܿȥƬ̺üͷ
һӰûС
ѵˣֻߣղսˣ׽ڣȫŵߣ
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٣ǣռı仯Ҫɹûôףʱ࣬˫۳죬һ֪񲻶ԣǿгĻŪ÷ǵ޷ɹС
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һߣŽۣʧıӰüͷ
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һߣȭ͡
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ݵ飬żҵˣǴһСһ߹ģ˵ʦ״
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䵽ͷϣľûûУֱϨ
ࡣ
۳Ϻ͵ڶλߡ


1379 ˭䲻
ôˣ
˰죬۳Ϻ͵ڶλ߲Żɴ۾ǲ˼顣
˴󼸰꣬׽ټԼҲüˣÿһΣ˾ſ־塢Ϊ֮ɫ䡭ǰƨһĶʲô
᲻˰죬ûų˰죬ڶλ̲ס
Ϊ׽Ǳذ۳һ顣
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ֻҪ϶ᱬ񱩵ͷϵѾ˺óʱˣȴŪֶ
ƣֻǸǰ࣬һͷųΪǿ˸޷ô
Ʋ⣬ٴεԲ۾һţ˹ı顣
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֮ǰǸеꡣ
³겪Ȼŭָ׽٣ҧгݡ
Сӣ㳤ˣҰ³ŲŰŪ
˵꣬һߺţһյƳ˹ȥûǰ˶еֻŵ׵磬ŵһ

֮ززգۼʧټҲˡ
ˣ
۳Ϻ͵ڶλߣٴζһۣǿҵǲûס״̬иֳ
֮ǰһֱһ׵磬Ѱ·ɡ
ʱָʹ߷ǵҷ֮ززɥ֮Ȯףԭ׽ٲУΪļһ̫ˡ
Ǹ˲ţһҪ£ң
𾪹󣬽߽
ȻԷ˼˾棬ʥӵΪ½ŵĻ۵أжԿ˳֣Ҳûпܡ
һҪ취£Լļ壬úо
ͽܣδػҰɡڶλҡͷ
ʦ̫ܲϳϣѧʮ֮˾Ҫʦõģôȥ壡
⵹ǡ۳ϧ
ȻλǼ壬Ǻʦܲûġ
飬ͿˣСѾȥҲɣҪᡣ
˰죬û취۳ϲٶ˵˰֡
ţڶλߵͷһǰǳһ޴Ĵ̤Уʧ·ûֹһ㡣

˰죬ȻŭȴҲûκΰ취
ô׽٣ܽڵȫԲк«ͷһﵷңֻһ롭
ԽԽơ
ֻܵλ˸ľƷʯˣ취ˡ
ڵһβ䣬ҪĸɾٴβĻͲҪô鷳ˡ
ͺһǿһɹȥؾͻ࣬ʯҪҲûôˡ
ˣڵһβʱҪԶھԪƷʯıĸɾͨеͿԲ
ƹ󣬵ͷȥͼ«ٴεĵڣʱʱƨŤ£ƺʾ
Ҳ»ص۵ռ䣬űãһƱӡ
ֵһЩ̱ͬӣڴָ֮Уһ
Щɶǵľٶ
ˣӵܹ׽ٵȻĽѡܳԼ˵ġ
ı
ɶʱҲһЩ
ʵ̫ͨˡ
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ͽܡŮѡǿҲͰˣ˸«Ҳô죬Ҫ㹻ǿɱˡ
ʦ
ܣԶתͷȥֻ֪࣬ʱѾǰ𾪡
ΪԷֻ׽٣ζû뵽˵Ҳܡ
ӵɽʱ񲻵ڰٷ֮٣ܹͨ
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뷨һΣԭЩɫǼ÷ףʹһطͰѪȼʱֶƣײʹã֣Ҫ⴫Ҫй¶
üëһ
ƭˣҲϿһЩǰɫòÿ⡭Щ̫˰ɡ
Էı飬֪ԷԸй¶飬аһúԼһ͵ٶʡ
лʦҶɹ׽٣Ȼαض׶༪١
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ԷһĻпܻᱻ㶯ѪҲ޷ѡ
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ҹãѯһ£ŷ˵ĵǲġ
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пһ䣬ͻȻЩ̧ͷǰ꣺Щʲô
ҡ
Ҿ㣬ȻҹϵҶҲϿɣòҪõ⡭
⡭ΪʲôҲ̲סüͷ𣺡Ӧ֪޸żҵСţǲԸġ
֪Ը⣬õѡ񡭡
ҡҡͷЩįˣҪ˵ˡ
ǡ
ż
ûʲôǲǵģҸպмҪ鷳㡣
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ֵ˵޷ֻҪص岻ݴǡ
Է£
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ʲô
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ͷ
ôˣ鲻ԣ࿴˹
ûʲôֻЩ棬ȻôãλϲġΪʲôҪ
ɻЩ⡣
ȻǰλǳÿħõõҸӦø˲ǡΪλҪԼ֣
ΪʲôǾáߵ
䣿ûô֪䣿

˵λװƵС䲻ãúеԼôҲ˰ɣ
ǵ㣬ԼλСţǿ˲֪ٱ
ߣûһ˭С
Ŀһߵ
ɡҪ˵İɣܲܣһߡ
뷨ʲô
Ҿ;˭䲻οϲǸˣ˵ʵô

ʵ
̲סû˵ԼϲǸˡ˭
Ȼ˵ˡ
ͻȻתͷɱڡ


1380 ϹŻῴ㣡
˵ˣ
ӣͷƤըתһֶԷȾܡ
λ˸磬Щúǰһ涯ֻ֣ߣٺúùͨ

ƺЩ꣬һڡ
δ֣һ£ٴοǡ˭
˭Ҳȥʱʶģ˵һλʦػ㣬£룬ʵͣȴƷ֮ŽºС
Խ˵Խ֣û˵֣˭Ҳ
û˵֣
˿ͬʱǸжû뵽صоȻˣܹԼá
ипٴοȻС˵ˣλ㻹ʲôɹǵģ
ȷλ˸ˣôˣҪܾҪҸʲôģ
ˣҲδҳڶˡ
ߣԽ˵˵ԽǱСӹƻϳңĻˣ
һڡ
ȿȣƤһ飬üë̲ס£㱻ˮǺλ˸ﶼã̫ˡ

һãŪ߰㣬˺Ҳѵһû
뵽⣬ʵ̲סҡҡͷ˵㲻ϣҲֻңΪѡ
㣿⻰ã⻰ĵĿһۣɣ⻰Щˣֶεȷ٣󷨡ѱ޺Ͷ׽ٶһԼصķ¹Ź֣˵ԣôͣޣҶܲŮϲ㣬ϲҲϹۡ
ܺǰλֻӴ20ҵʱ䣬ͨ˽⣬Ѿ֪֮̵ͣӦ˵ҭˣŮһ˵ķӦûС
һȻɣǲʲôãϲĻǿ϶ΪϹۡ
㡭ͷߣҲ࣬ҲûŮ𣿹һŮϲԸŽйˣ
ɶҾǴ˸磬Ȼ˵ûϲ˵ԼϹۡ
ҿϹ۵Լɡ
һѪһļ壬һһãôô
ѹֶʮüˣŮѶûС
㡭ƨҲңӽҵŮˣΪݣûһҿϵġ
۾Բ
ҽڣû˿Ͼû˿ϣװɶװƲ졣
㡭ĲͣҴҪը
ˣ㿴ңҿ㣬޲ýԷ˺ųˡ
˲֪ãŰ˰֣ʵ㣬ŮѣŮѺܰҡ
Ǻǡࡣ
˵ģŮѳƯʵǿ
Ǻǡࡣ
ô㲻ţôôܾûŮѣͷϺð
Ǻǡࡣ

һᡣ
˵ɣҲŮѵġ
Ǻǡ
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Ǻǡ
㡭ҧ
ٴŭĿӡ
ϻˣҸղ鷳㣬Ҳѯһ£ϲǸ˵˭
˲֪ãŰ˰֣ŵ
˵Ҫ鷳
Ұ飿üΪҵµô࣬ϢԴҲҹö࣬Ҳ飿
ԷȻܶ鲻ԣЩ³çʵͨԸ޾ֻֿ֪ȴʮϸ塣
ѾӦãȥ׷Ǹˣֻϣ˳ֻ֪֮֡̽ǰ߶һ䣬ͲΥˡ
֡
飬ãר˵ϣ˴ϲλԼӦǿԴģʵ̲ס
ȻԼܲ飬ֲ˵ֻϣǰλæˡ
⡭û뵽ؾȻԼĸ磬ȥ׷飬Щɻ󣬲漴׹
Ӧ֪ԼڵʵԿλ˸磬ң˲Լܵɧź˺
̾Ϣҡҡͷ
˶ԷΪʵ̫ˡ
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ӦԷʱ˽صҲڽȨյԼԺ뽫Ϣ׳ȥҲüࡣ
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ˣٺϸ˵
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֪أûܵκ˺ٶʡ
ڵʺӦǾΪʦͬʱʵΪʥӵ
ЩʸݣһԿѹ
ҸոͻƣҪһʱΪ֮ǰӦľƷʯ
Ӧ಻ٶ˵һȡһе˹
ղӦǼˣȡ˵ıꡣ
л
ӦõģҲƴǣֽӹ
һнӴ̸еӿ뾭ڵ鲻ԽΪ֮ڡ
ǾƷʯûУ˾޴ĹЧԪƷʯ֮һȣ̫ˡ
ҹ̺Ϊȥ㡭
˵꣬ϥ
׽ٽͻ˶龳һλĶ龳ǿˡ
ţ
֪ƾݣʥӵΣգٶ˵һΣʱ·Ӷȥ
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үѾüˡ
ң
ü
һʥӵ͸æµסû죬Ǽʲô˶ʶ˭Լ
ǵ˺ü죿
ǰǿͷ
ʲôˣĸ̲סʵ
Ǹʮӣĸ֪˵Լ֣
ǿһ£С󣡡
ʦѧ
С⣡һ£ԭء


1381 ͷ
󣬼һ棬δɽŵ֮ĵһżҵ򶼱ѹȥ޷⣡
֮ǰֻ֪ʦܲһλ̫ϳϵ״֪ݣԬ˵ĽܲףʵʵѧðƵģˣ
ܹԼü졭
ѵ֪λץ鰸
û˵ʲô
Ҳ̲סæʵ
ֻһ˵ҲˣһλʦҲֻ·ˡ
ʦܲأǿ̫ϳϣʵ֮ǿȻʥأܹͿġ
û˵Եúģ˼ˣ֪㲻ڣȴҲߡ
ǿ͡
Ǵҡ
һ顣
֮ǰѵҲżҵˣûκνȴԸȺü죬ǡ״й¶ô
ˣžһģҲ˺üˣ
ͻȻǿŵ
ʲôôʶ󣿡
һ
žֻǿΪʥӵѧԱ뾫Ӣ໹кܴһξ룬ôʶλӢһ
үҪҪǣҾ˵չء
һһ磬ǿʵ
ɣ
Ǹǻǻ㲻ѾˣҲûãȥԷҪʲô
˵һͽʦʦŪɷ棬ԷѾõϢˣܡҲ硣
ٳɣֱԺĴ˹ȥУȻڿλϣĵȴ
һæվ˫۷Ź⣺ʦڻˣǺõȣλʦ֣֪ˣû뵽ȻҲʦѧͬͬԴʶʶ
ž
ʦѧһ飬ʱ׹ݺݵĿǰλ޲һƽ
ղһֱ룬˭й¶ˣԼѧϢζû뵽
žԴǾʶˣʦ˻֪ġʦСһ֪
ס֡
ǡ֪֪ˣλNɪʲô
һ潫Ϣݳȥʦ֪ˣ
üģȴ˵ֻһЦ㡭Ҳʦʦ
վûлشĻһ죬м䣺ɸҺұһ
ԣ
ü

ҲͣϵϢ͵ڶǿƺҪѹ顣
ǡ龳ڣ
ǲ˼顣
ϴμһʱ򣬲򾳺ڣ̶̶ʮ첻ͻƣﵽ龳ڣС𡭡Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ʥ龳Ƕ龳ţȴסţȴ
ǰλֻ˶ʮ죬ͻƳɹؼֻжʮġ塭ʣ˿δ̫Щ
ɣЦʱ䣬ҽˣòͻƵҲɣϴμ棬ϾڣȻﵽ۷ˣϾڵʱ򣬾Ϳʤ׿ˣڿ϶ǿôԸżҵˣֵȴˣ
ԷΪҲ𾪶ԷĽٶȡ
ɽŵʱֻԪ۷壬̶̶ʮʱ䣬Ȼһ󼶱𣬱˳Ͼ۷壬ٶȱ죡
ټۼԷԽսҲ̲ס
βҡ
֪ܲڶ˵м䣺ɣ
ֻҪλû֣Ͳ¡
ͷһͷҲһԷ붯֣Ǿսһ˵

ӭսǰһȻǰһ

龳֣̽ʶУͬ׹һռ䣬Ҳ첻ͬһʱ̣ѹ͵ǽܣ׹ջ
ǿֶΡ
۾
Ȼû龳ڵսͱ̺֣ǰλ󣬾ֻǳڣսȴλڣҲ޼
̺еˣܱˣв磬ѾšԷʵô࣬ӵʵ̫˰ɣ
ƣ
ܵؿڷƣֻ֪ҪȻӱľ棬ҲҲһ
ħĹƻ󣬸Ĺֻһ£ǰըһ㣬һѺۡ
ѧϰ˱̺ħ鼮ħ⣬Ȼﵽ˰۷壬ΪӲǿʵһʹҲʮֲֿûгľܲס
𿪶Էָһ㣬һӮ˹
ʵȶԷͣûκ壬ֱʩչĹ⡣
̣
ָӿڿγһȻһƺôལһҲǿ쫷磬ӭӶ

У۾ʱˣûﵽ龳򿹺ⲻסʥǿߵѹһ˻ħҶƿأȻýγһԼҶԿ
ǿ֮ǿΪΧڣӵжʵľƿء
ԷֻǳϾ۷壬û֮ӲȻԿȴ辶ý֮ս
ûϵ
˵۷ˡ
أ
ƶ̲ס
˵ĸ࣬ߡ˲
һбֱǿ
ҵ󼶱𣬾ȻܵסҵĹսͿܲܽӵסˣ
˫۷Ź⣬ٴһ̤

Ӱһ㣬գ۹ʮ׾룬ǰ
ÿٶȡ
ͫһ
Էһ˲ٶȣȻй֮
ٶȿ죬ΪΪߣԿռǿǰȻҲô졭ʦѧʦܲţ湻µġ
֪ôٶȣһУȻˣҲӲ弱æһʩչٺˡ
̣
˵Ŀ죬Է죬ָʱʺϣ֮

ʩչ˺üӰεĽЩż
ȥɡ
һֱԷ׷ҵʺϣٶΣһֱȥڱԷ˽ֻ࣬ʱ⡣
ƴһѣ
һ˫ͻȻأ˶ܵӰ͵ͣӸǰļ⣬Ȼһ

ԷָʺϣδֱӶǻ˱棬֮

ͨѧϰԬ幦ѾӲͬ벽ƷʥԷֻҪñҪ̴ܣ
£
Էָ裬¶֮ɫ֪ʧüëȭͷֱӺ
һȭȫתûǰԷ龳򣬾ʹѣĭ
㡭ôܣ
ž޲ı飬ʱһ䡣


1382 ֮һ
ֻǳϾ۷ʩչ˿ҲͰˣؼǣԷȭͷʱλãԣǰʧδ֮ʱ
Ҳ˵Է·𿴳սеȱݣһоҵ˸Դ㽫ɱ
Ĺ似ʦżҡĵľУ˿
ô似ǷʦҪһۿǰλȴһ˲ˣҵȱݣ¶֪ĺܶࡣ
ߣӮңûôף
ȣֻԺת˲ʮ֮һһݣһ࣬ı˷λͬһȭӭӶϡ
ȭͷ׼ؿڣͺ߶׼ģҲλͬû뵽Ȼܾ˵
ǿ
һҲȫ䶯нɫâ
أ
һȭڶԷؿڣ̸еʯͷϣָЩ飬Էȭͷϣٴθеؿڷƣ˼

ȡ
ǿƥ벽Ʒʥ˿û뵽ԷҲƵط˿
Կ£ʵϣΪǳ˵
ʹ죡
ӲӲǰλȻ˿·磬˷ܵ˫һϵļǴһ㣬Կɵ·
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أ
ٴһ̤ҵѹȸУѹ
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أ
գ۹򣬶˾ͽʮУӲӲܷХǿ󣬴˿̺žȫ˳˴֮⡣
ˣɸеȫʹ·һ㡣
뵱Һʦʵ޼Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ôͲôˣ
žȻ
Դǳμʦʱ򣬺ͶԷ󣬱Ϊʱ䣬Ŭˣ϶һЩζû뵽ˣ
˿̵ĶԷ㲻ýǰԶԶһȭҲ
ߣ֮ٲͬնˡ

ڸпͼͻȻһһģһڵĿʼŤ
ҲҺңñһ
㣡
ָһ㣬һٶǰ
ʲô
ͫһ˵͸еһڽĺѹ
أأ
ɶײڷǽϣҳһ󶴣͵ԺǽڣҲ˷ĩ
ɳߡ˰ףŸеǰĹͣݷףֱ۲ͣƺʱ˺ѡ
㡭ʲô
˺üŽڷڵѹȥǲŵĿ
ʥ龳ڣԷʥ۷壬Ϊôһͽˣˣʲôô
ǽ˵һƺͷ
Ҳûɶģ꽣ֻܹҪҪ̽ӦûǺܹ֪ġ
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ҡҡͷ˵ƺһ춼û
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˵ƺˣǿһ죬δܹ
˱Ľȷû΢޸һ¡͡
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ͷ
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˫֣սҲҪղŴѷ֣ȷ˵Էܵѹƣôϱ֮֮һܽѹ
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óȫҪУжǿ
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ţô
ȫ
üþȫĻ¿ƲסὫɱˣ
ղŲʹȫԷʦѧֻһҪǣһȫʩչľᡭ֮ǰ٣Ҳˣ˿̣ں«ĸ£屶ֹҪƲס»ִ⡣
ڻοռ䣬ʮ󲿷ֶ«ˣֻʮĴһңԣֻ屶
Ʋס
ҧİɣ龳ǿߣֶڶ࣬ƲסҪңҲûôף
⡭
ЩɣΪѣʵǿʮǡסһ̫ǿ»ٵ
Ŵ칦򣬾ͻٵʦʦطˣҪٽס޵ĵطٵ¸յֵľƷʯûȣͱ⳥
⡭
󻷹һܡ
ղŶ˵սȷСԺˣȥû󷨱ɺܴƻ
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ã
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ѧǱԡսĳõķ󷨣пԹĦܽݵĻأԣⲻ»ƻܷݺȱݣսøǿ
߰ɣ
Ӧһתֱõķ˹ȥ
Ҳûԥϡ
ãĿǰȥǵʵδȥպùȥ治¸ƻĻԺȫԹٲõˡ


1383 㲻
õ岻ͬӿߡ
ʦ½ְҵãȺǣҫ۹Ƕ˵ҪĻս
ˣս˵ҪģѧǱԡսĳÿ춼ǰȶͨʵսΪ
ڷ󣬺ܿһĴĵąָܱ̃ôó͸Ĺ֣粣Χǽ
ʦ
ǰһָ
ȥȻʦվһ̨ǰ
ǰڱȶӰ΢΢һЦȻˡ
׿
׿ϴαΣֱ⣬ܵ˼裬Щʵָ֮ǰʤһҲͲסԼ˳֮սԱ
֮Уݺᣬ˸ֶΣ׵һʱȻ¡

һۣĵͷ
ǶʮǰָͻƵ򾳵ģΪô̵ʱ䣬ΪЩ鸡û뵽Ȼȹ̣ƾΪ׿ȣ˿ˡ
ʮ죬û͵׽ָģȫ
ʦ˭ܻʤ
ڸпһתͷȥͼӢеڶ˹
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شͻȻһ£תͷָ׿Ϊ
λ׿ʮǰսʱˣΪȻսɣǲ˲٣ˣԼָ£ɹܡ
ԼʱӦ䣬ʤָˣͿ϶ˡ
սԭһļһںͻƺĳѷ֣ʱڿʤºλвСĹϵ
ָӣ
˫ֱ򵭵һȻ
ǰλָ˳ӣͻƣ׿Ҳռˣָͬӡ
ͬʱָ㣬֤ԼȶԷǿҲӶ
Ϊô࣬ȷ
˵ͷ
еĵڶ׷λ򣬿ҲǼ֮
ܺŴŷȣ˵̺ʱ䣬츳Ȼˡ
ѹżҺųƵһ壬вˬԷҲòϣȷű˾̾
ô˭ܻʤ
ٴοʵ
׿Ľܴ󣬵ǳҲСʮǰܽʤΣӦҲ󡭡
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˫ɱš
ϴγʤΪǰλ׿㹻ϸռȻϸ˳˺Եָ㣬ʤˣ
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ʵ˭ܻʤ⣬ʱˣõջ񣬱ȻʤҪ࣬սΣʵϣֻͬһܡ
ϧ򵥵Ҫûܹ룬ⲻꡣ
꣡꣡
п֮У̨ϵ׿ƺٴʩչĳطϢʵЩˣ֮ƽЩˡ
ˣʱ䲻ͱ̨һ࣬ܣѾûκ
ÿˣܾѶ
֧穣Ȩȫʧ
ǰܾѶ
ͷ
ĺͶԷͬ
ܱƵ˵䣬ÿһʮֳȣյ룬׿ʵطóʱƣȻʧȥƽġ
߱Ƚϣ˭ʤ˭Ѿȷˡ
ò˵λʱ䣬ȷûлķϣָȫ˸̵⡣
ûԼһࡣ
ʦսҪģ̫ǿٻɣ
ڶж˴𰸣úܿҪֳʱ
ʱѾһ̨Ϸֳֳдܵս⡣
Ҫս
λʦӢеһָʵֻгϣţսЩ۸˰ɣ
ǰô£
ΧȻ
ôУҫ۵ģܶ˶䵱˼УһԽҲףԺС
ΪλսҲǰģôսһ
ӮҲʤ֮䣬ʧϰ
֡սĻҿԷ㡭
ü˹ȥ
㲻ҵĶ֣
֡
Թô֪
۾һҧϸ̨
ɽŵʱ򣬶Էһͱһӻ𣬴˿ֱ˵Ƕ֣ҲͲס
õڶ㲻սȴսһʮġ
ȻˣǾ֪ҵ
¡
ڿУͻָ繴ѹ̨ȫڣƺҪмǸӰ顣
¶Էܾսһ־ͽǿıʩչ˳û˿顣
š
̲סͷ
ΪλҲСȻﵽ۷壬ͻ龳Ҳֻһ֮
ż죬ǿţ۴һ棬ԵüΪǿ
˵㲻Ƕ֣
ĹƤ̧̧ǲ壬͵ӭ
ٿԴ츳ܸߣҲһţ¹˭֣һ
ôĿҪըУӿƺҪ̨ѹɷĩ
ûǰ͸еԷᴩգ۹ͻؿڡ
أ
ɫһףŵıУ˳ȥһͷӿе˲Զĵϡ
Уûϸ̨ͱԷһƳˣķɵĲӬûһ㷴֮
һţ
һƳɶԷҡҡͷ˫̯̾Ϣԣ㲻ǣ


1384 ̫͵ˣ
㡭
û뵽þȫûϸ̨ͱԷһƳŴӵϰγԴҪˡ
֮ӣżͬΣǿ޵еĴڣΪʤҲսһѷ֣ζû뵽̨ûϣͱ˼Ҵˡ
ؼǡܵ˱ӡ
ǿҵ£Щץ
ȻŭȴҲ˶ԷʵȻǰһ̤Ǹ磬Ϊ龳֣
ܲһ˿ȴ蹵Խ
ﵽ龳ˣΪҪսʦ
ȭͷû嶯ļȥ֮սɻ
Էʵ޼λǸţҪսһ£ҲˣѾﵽ龳һЩҪǿ󣬸һȥ
أ
֣һƺߣͬһӰ˹Լߡ
ǸղΪӮɵ׿
ʱ׿͵ͬͷ˵ң֮ǰ͵ϢȫʧббſڵϣŤһĻȣʮֹ졣
üëһæ֮ǰ̨ϿȥͼɫЩ׵ǰȭ۾з˷ܵĹâ
ܣⲻܡôܹʤ
һȭɣˣɡ׿Ѿռ˾ƣôȴֽ֣
һĻоԼˣ˼顣
ܣ
ʳָǰ˰ڣʦָΪʤԷǰ磿ʦָ㣬ʲôˣѧģ㲻У
ʦٹʦָֻ㣬ҲǶԷһСܹġ
ɡ
ȭͷࡣ
ܸ龳ķҲˣһϾСһǲʡ
Уָ׿£Ժ϶ָ֪ͬ㣬ȴһΪô͵ˣڣ
۾𣺡ʵڲУ֮һþʵѹһ˵
˸̨Ϸٴ
ʦҼʶһ£ȫǲǺ˵һ
Ը
ԷһԣҲûɶģһݣϸָ̨һ㡣
أ
һٶǰһֱǰɱ֮⡣
ã
֪⽣󣬷󲻸ӣг̻һԲΧγһĤ
ʦܲ
ɫء

˲⡣
ʥƷ似Ϊʦܲһλʦ۲շģʥӵεˮҲֻһߣֻҪʩչ仨ľѧѩС
򻺻
˿֪ǰλǿˣ׽㲻龳սԺͬսҪʤҲûôס
ǡѪ֮
ͷòҪãԪżҵĵλͣԴӵкܴƿҲԻָ
Խôǿȴһ־ǷѲɣλʵ֮⣿
𾪵ͬʱҲ׹ٴοԶ꣬Ǻ档
ôǿ󣬶һʩչôĽѲɣλʦ
ҲֻǳϾѣжǿ
ҡҡͷ뿴γ֣ͼеλǿߣǰһ㡣
ˣ
ӿҲǰγһ֡
ǱԪ֡
üëٴһ顣
˵ղŶԷʩչͺˣ֣ķ˼
Ԫ֣ʦܲһλʦ۲챱ǣľУһʩչ޵УͬơʩչˣҪʩչ
⵽ڷʲô

𾪻ûƼһץһ顣
ˣ
һ㵭ɫĹȦ֡
龳ǿƵĻȻôǿȴҲܷʥǿߵĹ
ٴһ顣
Ҫ
ǽǷڸ˳ɶų
꣬꣡
Уٴι֮ͣǰһ˼ģʽ
ǡʦܲĽ˵һλʦ۲ţģһʩչȫγһۼף绢ǿĹ޷ơ
ץͷҪֵʲôҪһʩչôֶΣ
ߣѧϰ֮ǰҪѧϰֻбסܽնɱˣԷֶҲ֪֮࣬ѧϰ١
ɡһʩչô࣬ǷˣҪЩʲô
׼𣿡
·˵𾪣һЦ
ãʼɣ
һ˵ͷ
ܾöԷڴţǲҴ⣬ֶζʩչһ顣
Ǻáҿʼˣ
ָǰһ㡣
еĳȥգ۹򣬳ƿնһ޴Ľû
⡭
ɫһף鲻Խĺߡ˲ͷ亹ֱð
һУһ£þȫҲֵס
ǳϾʵ
ôǿ󹥻
ɣתͷȥͼһķʦɴ۾Ǳסʺ岻Ĳ
ʦ⽣Ҳֵס
֪ԷЩʲô̲סʵ
ʦ۾ҡҡͷǿѹסĵĻ֣̿Ҳֵסսֱʩչпܻᱻֱնɱֻݱ棡
ô
һΣޡ
ҿղûȥսԷȻƽ׿ҡ
ѹ֣Ŵŷ嶼䡭û뵽ҲˣУֲһ
ʦЦ
Ŵŷ䣿
һ㶣æ
ЩһֱŴ£֪顣
ǰŴңѰϣ˵һһ١ڶû׻ָ
ʦͷ
İΣŴҪ飬ȻҪͨУˣҲ֪һﱻ顣
Ȼûϸ˵ôģ״ȴʵʵ޷εġ
ŷ塭ϢŸճλܹȥʦᣬһٳΪʥӡԼһ١
һһѶ˹
Լ༶ѧֳô󶯾ΣȻõϢ
鹫ʥӣ
Ƥһ飬ˤ
Ϊֵ֮עֻзζû뵽λӿ¡
˲֪Ŵŷֵ֪ģżľţżܡ
Ƿʦ˵ţ
ʵôֻ˵ʮ
һһ¸Ժ
ܿڶһﲻ˵һֽ¾ǾԵĵһˡ
ӦԸȽϵ͵ҫȻܸպÿڵʮ಻١
𿼺˵췢£ʦͷ
ڣһٳΪʮ֮ǰɽ¶ˮԣþȫ
š
Ҳ˵Ǽ£ʱһ˵׹дĸп
̫͵ˣ


1385 ʦ֣
Ϊ˳Ϊʥӵʥӣ˶þȫ֣죬һζûҺۣԼʩչֶΣʩչ˳˿⡣
λãǿ뾫Ӣͺˣڵڼں
ôɣûڷ
ˮĸ֣ţ͵ˡ
ǰȷܵ͵ҪǷսҶ֪Уӵ
ʦҲпһ䣬ͼһѧԱҴǰ˵һ䣬üëͻȻһæת
ϣôˣ
һ
æתͼһ뷢ףɷǵǰ
ϣ
мæ˼֮ǰżҿĹʥӵѶϢܿɫء
ʥӵʦĴϣΪﵽʥ۷塭
ͷҲȭż򣬼ϣ
ÿ˰֣Ͽ̨Щżʦʲôʱսꣿ
֪ʦΪ£żĻҿ취ͣ
ʦ̲ס
Էʥӵǿĸ֣ʦΪʥӣҲܹѰҰɡ

ѯʣǵһ͸죬ʣǸһֱܵʯ񣬵ɶʱͣΪܵԽԽ죬Ѿײٸĸĵˣٲͣ£¡ʦᱻ׷ɱ
ʯ߲Ѿǧļ¼ˣλã٣ܵͣôˣһֱ񱼣ȥֹѪˣȴһֱûа취
˵ʵԹԱܣûʲôʯ⣬ͣ£ɡʵ̫ˣԽԽ죬ʱʱԳš𡢸̧ȡܡܡǰַշҲˣܵȦԽԽ󣬽ܽŵĹᣬȫײЩصˡ
ٲͣ£Ҫŭᣬ»Ὣʯֱӻٵʱ鷳ˡ
ʯ񡭡ͣ
Ū˺ü᣿
ʦͬʱζһ¡
Уʱ򣬿ʦҲ̮˷棬˵йأ˳Էû鷳ɡ
Ͻŵ
ʦᡭ棿
ʦǳ鴤
Ǻܵ͵
ô⼸£͵ˣܸɳġ
Ҳ̲ס̧ͷ̨
漴ڲģķӡ棬Ť黨Ľݺᣬͣӿ룬һ޿ı飬ƺʱ
ǿ
ǰ׼õĸ˿ȫѣǽף˽лһ㣬ٴ˿ĭ
Ƶô๥ʦ
ѯһ£ɶʱܹ
ϣûֹͣ˼ʦһ뺰Ƿŭ
ƭˡƭˡղֻʮ֮һȴƭ˵֮һ
λʦ״Ҫˡ
֮ǰԷ˵֮һ;ü٣˵֮һø١þȫչʾʵҪһ£ǷԷ˵
һˡ
Ͳ֮һֻʮ֮һ
ʮ֮һʮ֮һ˵֮һҷ㣬ڶ챻ˡ
֪ʱ͵Ầ˵ġ
¡¡¡¡
ڵȫĵ丵βʣͣڴŴһΡ
屶ʵҲӳϾӵ۷壬һƺ޷ƿأһʩչ뽫ȫĸɾͣ֡
ǰ٣һͣˣڽݺᣬάʮӣųĸɾ
³һĳջأ̧ͷȥͼڳһͣڷӡϣȫ·ѾĲˣȻûȴҲˣ˵ҡ
ûƭ㣬ղʩչʱµĸ΢һЩ
ǰӷӡϿԴεĽ͡
治ǹƭԷǴûþȫʩչУ㣬㹻ʱʵ飬ˣʩչͬʱ˸򣬹ԽԽǿ
ûд󣬵;ޣӵԽ࣬ϵԽãȻԽǿ

ٴѪ
ˣ˻ˣ
ʵȷʦǿĲսڿΡɸҺұһ
ϰ죬ŻָݺݵĿ
ʱҲ꺫ϣοסʯ񣬼Ҫԣģ̲סڣˣܵĴ󣡡
Ȼ֪ԷΪηҪԣڿΡ¶Էܲסֱӷ
ûʲôɴģʦңֻһѧȴˣ뿴ʲôʣ

ʣ
۾һ
ԷĿƺ֪ԼλǼٵģΪʦյѧŴųԴ׵ζǰս
û뵽ܵҡ
һЩĸˣԵͽжٵӣԼ˲֪飬ͽ֮䣬Ҳ֪
鼮֪һЩʦϰߡ
ͽšӱԬεˣ϶Ҳȫ֪иСʦܻСʦõĴڡ
Ҳãŵõʦ
Է֪飬ǽҴԼݣ˿һڴĿҺܾûʦˣ֪˼ںδܷҼ
ʦǰֿȥ֪飬Ѷϵϡ
ҡҡͷ
̫ˡ˷ܵز
ģһйܸ״Ȼϵϣ̫ˣĿǰһ١
ֻҪԺΪʥӵԷҹҴð䣬ݣҲûٸҹ鷳
Ҳ˵˵ʱʮҪһЩһЩ
̫ˣ
üëһ塣
ϵʦӦúʧô˷ʲô
Ŷ˵ǣ̫ʧˡ
֪ղЩʧ̬æڡ
ʧ
һͷߣüëҲ̲סôҲҺұڿΣ
ʦܣ㲻ҵĶ֣ˣȻʦѧҲͲˡ˰֡
ʦܣ
ըʦ磬ҲӦóƺΪʦܡ
ΪʦʵǿȻʦ֣ʲôʱܹʤˣٳƺʦҲ١
˰֣һɡ
ǰλȻ֪ԺͿΪƣ֤ʵʦӵˡ
㡭
ɫǺ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôȴ˵ڡ
ԷΪͣսȷǿ̫ˣҪʩչнֵס
ͬΪ״ʦûȷǰȷʵǿӵлȨԼ޷ʤԷ뵱ʦ֣ȷû˵
ڿ˵ӮˣȻʦ֡
һ˦䣬
ڿΣ
ģü˵ͼһһŹֵļҴ
ʦγϣţҪҪΪʦ
γϡҪʦ
ס˻Ȼ


1386 ˪
γϾֻײִ³ϣΪȴҲʥ龳ǿߣܹһϾļһΪʦ
ûɣ
һھӢѧӣȫһĿ
ǾϻģҪѪ
ճҪͶԷڿΣ˼Ҿ˸Ϊߵĳϡ⻹ôȣ
̫ˣ
ץ
ó϶Ҫʦ͵ƨ
γϣ
Ҳһ㶣ŻȻ
ʮǰʱûסŪˣʮֹⲻȥ˳ָһ£λγϣñ
ʱԷû£ܹҪʦǲʲô
ɣ
֪ô£˰֡
ǣ
λѧԱһ۷ʦͬ⣬˳ȥ
ʱ䲻ͿѧԱģ̧һ˹ƽһˣʱԡ
ԱߣǸߣüͷһݳء
ʥҽ𣡡
λߵòһüëһ
𣿡

ʥӵʱ価ܶʮˣ󲿷ʱ䶼棬Ҳûѯʹܶ೤ϡǿߣʶ
ʥӵҽʦĸˣһҽֻشﵽ˷˼ĵز˳ʥҽ
ͷ
ʥҽʥӵʵܲǿģҲɽ¶ˮǿǰġ
֪ǿߣܹĶݣõô
ˣ
Ӧһ
һλʥҽţڵϣѲɡλγϣûҵȰ裬ˣ
ü
֮ǰרѹԷǧҪȴ⸱ģòûȰɣ

ܿǰҽʦ˹
ʦʦҡ
ϵγϣݷףһ㺮˪岻ͣûش𣬾Ҫ
ô
һ̲סʵ
ȻԷȰҪɾˣֻҪõҲд⣬ôͻȻ⸱ģˣ
ȰȻ˭Ȳ㣡
ָһ㣬γϼ̶ڵϣҽʦ˹ǰʱ䣬Ҫ
ǰ
˵ͷ
֣
һڣҽʦüë俴˹֪嵽Σ䲻Ҫᣬҿڣ֪ԣ
ʲô˼
û뵽ԷֱӺǳ⣬ü
Ϊ˲ٵרͼݲ鿴ģԷΪܹˣͺЩ壬Ļ󸺵ŷȰһ䡣
ôԷĿλγ⸱ģԼµģ
ãΪʥصĳϣӦôһ㶼˰ɣ
ʲô˼
˫ֱ󣬰ҽʦࣺΣսڴȵĻ𶾣ҪֹѹơȰҪ𶾱ŵôϣ
ҽòҪϣ㶮ʵҲҪ½ۣѵ֪ӹҽ𣿡
һȣҽʦԽ˵Խŭ
γϺϵǳû뵽̶̼첻Ҫβ
ҪǰλĻҲˡ
˵ǻ𶾱
ס
˪Ȼ˵ǻ𶾱ǿЦİɣ
е˪𶾣һ˪ȴ¯ոɾҲܳյķϵõѹƹ
ҽʦߵ
˪𶾣
ûʲôһķʦͻȻһЩףҽʦ˵Ŀǡؿе˪棿
ؿߣ
ʦ½߸ĵؿߣսͨΣޱȣеߵģ
Ҳ˵˾ηľ˪棬˪˵ǻ棬ȴź˪Ķһԣ˵Ǻ˪Ʒʥ׹У˲ȼճ֭Һ
ѹ
˴󲿷ֶǸţؿ֮龡أȴҲ֪һЩ
˪棬εΪ˷ֹؿе˳׹ػ֮УܽӳȴҲл𶾡
ҽʦ̾Ϣһҡҡͷʹ˻Ѫ޹طֻܽÿѹƣʱ䣬ҳȥһˣĿľΪѰҵٻϣܳ׽ڵ⣬û뵽λȻ䲻Ҫ־棬ʱ𶾹ģϮңҲû취ˡ
⡭
ͣٴο˹
ʦҲüͷ
ҽְҵӹҽˣȷ֢ȷ飬òҪƣȻ˺
ҽʦ˵ҲǾúϳ⣬ͣµģʦ޹ء
ϵγҡͷ
ң㻹
ҽʦĺ
һۿҾĻš
γϵ
أԷֻһ۾ϳȰ裬ʱ;𾪣ȥ˼ǰ׹
ѾоԽԽˣ˭֪ǰͻȻų
ҽʦ޲ߡ
֮£λĻרѰҡ
ԷܹټʵǿСû׳٣а취ı״ָ
ԣ֮ǰ˵İʦ֮ԡ
κʦΣҽ˵ʥӵϣҲ֡
ţű
ҽʦĿҪը
治֪Լλôġ
ʥӵʥҽţȴһſѧӡ
ˣ˶ˣҿô¡
εҡҡͷ
Էͼ̽ģֹͣûκ⣬ôܻᵼ»𶾱˿Ҫ
㿴㶮ҽ𣿡
ҽʦü
ûشԷһһö˹ȥ
æסҽʦͷһ漴ס
߿ǣҫŹ⡣
ҽʦԶܿ˳ֻ£Ӧòſڴƻ֮
ãҾͿô˵
֪ԷҽʦҴﵽǼ𣬰ҽʦĵû˸ղôŨһڣ
ʦҲ˺档
λʦոʩչǿָΪǳ̫࡭ҲʥӣҪҽҲǿ̫ˡ
ţ
ˣγϸǰ˹ȥƬ̺ҡҡͷ
ô
鲻ԣγǵĵĿЩġ
⡭
һ£γϣܲܺ£
ʦ˵޷ֻҪʹ࣬Ȼܾ
γĵƺȭͷ̧ˡ
Ǿͺá
˿һϿҵؿܲȰΣ
Σ
ǵģʵڲ㣬ԼҲУֻҪιȥҾ̽鲡֢ơ
εͷ
γϡ
ҽʦ


1387 ӹҽ
Էڵվһȭ϶̫ʵ졢ķιȥƷһ̽顣
֮ǰҩģܽΣɶԷʵôǿЩȻûЧ
֣
γϻû˵һİʥҽӲᡣ
ΪʥӵʥҽϷ֪Ĳ֪٣Ҳٹֵ̽鷽ɽ˴Ρδţ
һιȥ³´лƽͬ˿ϣֻܾõˣǲΪݵģھιȥҪʲô
ôԼΣ
ʥҽ΢΢һЦ˹
ҡ
γҲû뵽ϷתͷԶʥҽã
ˣԼɣ
ǳɣ÷ϻ͵һġ

̱ѹ˺ѣָҪӴԷʱ͵һ̧
ࣣ
γǰһڣʱ˹ȥ
ǡſ񷨣ҽʦط
ʥҽͫ
ſ񷨣
ʦ⡣
Щƣ̫ʹҪԲű鷳ҩֶΣɶٲһ˺ſ񷨣Ʒ̼Ԫʱʧȥʶħһ֣պòڴУ
ʶԣȴֲˡˣҽʦҪѧᣬȴֺģң޷ɣû뵽Ȼˡ
пһʥҽԴɻ󣺡ѵһλħʦ
γιȥ˿ڶԷһ
ˣ
һ鼮ԺæֻһۣüëͲͣ漴̧ͷǰߣ̲סŭ
ӹҽ뽫γϻŸģ
˵ʲô
ɫһ
ʥӵʥҽ˵ִϣĳϼҪһʥҽһﵹãھӹҽ񱩵ŭҪըˣ
¡
ڵûƣӿܵˣͬʱһ׹ѡ
ʥ۷壡
ʵ½ҲǶˡ
˵ʲôû𣿲ΣͱΣʥҽҿʣҽɣ
һڣԷϢϵѹȣǲͷ
㡭
ٺŨŨĲмʥҽֻؿڱĿҪˡ
Сʲôʱ򣬱
ʲô첻ݹҲ
ƮƮʥҽǿѹʱᱬը
ܽʥӵģۻıʮַŭȴҲֱӶ֡
ͣ
ҡҡͷԷ̧ͷǰԵγϣͻȻ̧ƣԴ͵˹ȥ
ʲô
ٶȺ͹ֻҪУȻըûˡ
񾭲ɣ
㿴Ƚ˴ΣҲͰˣԼһ٣ֱӶԻԵĲ֡
Ĳ

һΣǰǰһץ龳γһƣסơ
Ȱȥ
Ƥһ̧һ
һ㶣ûӦ͸е͵һ

һͷޣͻأǰִβ͵һʥҽ˹ȥ
㡭
ûüӦʥҽͱмһʹ󵹷ɶ
ʵܺλ̺ͬѪǿټͻأ֣͵Ϯĳ֣һнսֱӳƿ
ɶ񡭡
ɫ࣬ҽʦŭȣҪŸնͼӭ
ͷһ;ܾ޴ٶȴ磬ִצŻƿռķն¡
֪޷ʥҽֻӭӣȭͷӭ
¡¡
۷ǿ߶սɨ̨ϵĹֲͣζ֣ʱܲסֱըѡ
ռҲһˡ
ôˡ
ͷʥô£
ʦˣٴˡ
β
ôתۼ䣬ˣ
ңӦ޳ɡʥ۷޳裬ôѱģ
޳ѱʦʵղ벻ܹȥսѾˡͷ亹ֱð
ҪսԷģҿǰˣȻͷʥޣҪ֣һƨƾͻӶӲ
ʦʥӡŴŷ壬һķ޷ʹʥҽֱӼôǿʥޡ
֮ǰ룬Էʵ̫͵ˣڿ͵ë߰
¶ûбߵ˰ɣ
˸ߵһÿһ·ߡ붼ۡ
ţҪΪ֣ڿ뽫Էɶ֣˼Ҳδؿϡ
ʵ̫ˡ
εҡͷٴοԶ꣬ȴδеսǿǰγϣںڵ˫֮һ
ʼɣ

ٴ̧˹ȥ
أ
ڶԷϣڻԣ˿ûУֱӵϷ˳ȥײ̨ǽϣҳһӡ
⡭
üëһǳ鴤
⵽׶Թ
˵λʲô
ҪγɱˣҲӲģ
𾪣֪ôͼһ߷˻еγϣٴγ˹ȥú߻û䵽ϣһ߳
أ
γһֱճȥ
һ£Ҳ֪⣬⣬ķ򣬸պսİҽʦм䡣
˫ƴȫսͨ벽ǿ߶ҿγϲʥأ˻ԣûǰͱŰƺʱᱻɷĩ
ˡ
һΣʦˤ
֣ͣȫͷųʥǿߣֵܵУɣολеγϡ
Ρ
ʥҽҲû뵽ʱѾͷų޷أһûκΰ취
ˣ
˶γϣɵʱͻȻһĺ˪ʱ㣬γһֱҵԲ
Բͣӣһ޴
˫ޱȵĹϣ߻ζһ£Ȼû飬еγϣҲͬûܵ˺
·仨һ
⡭
˱ʣʥҽ͵ޣƺһ£ǲ˼顣
һһ޵ĶԹ󷨶ܲסһ͵סˡ⵽ʲô
ʱ򡭡
ƺ֪·üëһһöƷʯģס͵һ
¡¡
ۻŽڣ֮ǰģ˫ü͵һ㡣
˻
齣ƿնֱеγն䡣
һڿУγһʮ׳Ľâ·Ҫռ䶼иԷ
꣡
âγϣ֪ն˺δԭ޵еȻ̾һѿ
ôܣ
ʥҽ
ֶûݻٵԷһˣѲɣһʵǿ
Ȼﵽʥأ


1388 γ
Ƭ̣漴׹
λʵǿ󣬶޶ԹһΣҪѣԷĽָպҵ֮ǧһٻ
ˣҲˡ
ͻأֵûҵԷȴһܹôԶýķֺ˵γϣĿơȻﵽ˺ŵĵز
ͷȥͼϵδΪ˷ܣɫףüͷ
ţô£
ù졭
ѯһ£ģô£һȵۣæȥ漴Ļ䣬ٴγϵڣһ㡣
ߣ
һߣָʮö룬͵һ
أ
ƿγϵѨϣЩ룬·˿ǣ̵ͣ޷롣

˿һУеγץ·ڵϣͬʱָڶԷüһ㡣
ȿȡ
һҵĿԣγ۾һںѪ³ӵ˾һž죬籬
ǡ
üëһɴ۾Ҫͻƣ
Լλѵ֪ĺϮϾʱҽͨҪζû뵽һֻ˼룬üĵһ£Ҫͻơ
ûɣ
¡¡
𾪻ûոѵγϣڽӶıը漴ΪһͻƣƬ̺ʹʥڣﵽ۷塣
ˣٶɲ龳۷ʮֱƿɲǼ䣬ӿ龳Χɢ
ŻͣΪȹ̡
벽龳
ֱӴ龳ڣﵽ˰벽飬ֽٶȣֱδ
ǳ鴤
λѣԴ˶Ϊûˣͣ龳ڣôû뵽ֱͻƣͣ
ҡ
𾪵˵γҲԭأڷڵ
ǰɢʱ۾⳹׻ָΪӯͻơǲΡ
ž
Լһ⣬ϻʹ
һţ
˳弤زͣ
ˣһֱǻԵΪڽӣζ벻ͻΪ
һΣӵϷǰϥһ
лʦ֮
Ȼղһֱڻԣ֪׷ʲô£˿̵ʦݷף֪Ȼ˼ָۣ
ÿҲû̫գҺóɹˡ
΢΢һЦҲܲסͨһˤڵء
Σαװġ
ʩչһƺĴûüָͰԷ˪𶾵⣬оƷʯգҲþĵĲˣʱιȥ
ʦ
æ˹סγż

𼱴ҴҴӿзõģֻĹȣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ӧò
ղŶ֣ΪǰλҪγϣ֪ǵǺˣڳȣȻû˵⡣
ؼǣѵ޲ߣԷ̶̲ʱ䣬⽫κãͻƣûҩҲûйֶΣ֣ʵ벻ͨ
Ǿͺá
û£γ˿
ʦ⡭ô£
ʥҽ̲ס˹
Ϊҽʦôˣδβؼֵġ
ղΪ˾γϣǹʥҽҪ֣
һ£ȭһǸ⡣
ǶС¡
ʥҽ˰֡
˵㰤ܹۿҽҲֵˡ
ΪҽоߵôԶҽԶˡ
ʦܹΪҽ󡭡
ǳϿңʥҽڴ
ʵʦˣʻҲˢˢ
Ƿõҩָ㣬˽̺ľ綾ʵȫ⣬֡˴Σһˣְ򡭡ɾˣʵⲻˣ˼
Ҫˡⶾô򵥣Ҳûô򲡶Ĳˡ
⡭
ҪѧϰĿ⣬ЦһʥҽɷһָһЩٰ𣿡
ĿҪˣʵû˵
ԣҵĴ
ɫһ죬ҽʦ
ҪѧϰˣԷ״̬ˡ
һöԪúܿٻָ
һȡһƿ˹
Ϊʥӵ۷ҽʦβĲϱǲ١
ֽӹԪһۣεҡҡͷ
ҩȷܲ˵Ѿôˡ
Ҫʮֿ̣ΪԽߣҪԽ־Ԫͨ龳ǿ߶ЧȴͳǶû̫
öҩûãлˡҡҡͷҩµ˻ȥ
ûã
ҽʦһ㶣ﻹС
ʥҽĺ⣬ˣһԼ취ɡ
һ£ûýƷʯó̧ͷǰߣγϣҪ鷳һˣ
ʦﻰ·ԸǣֻҪزƴǣγϵͷ
Ǿͺá
˵ͷһ˷ܣγϣǾ鷳㡭龳ɣ
龳
ԭأγˡ


1389 ץĺ
ܵˣ޷ָ˼άӦʯһָĵҩ
γϳ龳ʲô
Ϲϵ
ҳ龳Ҫ׽٣γϱϮôʱ䣬ѿգҪƻᱻѡ
վˣŪɣ
γҲһͷˮ
ҿָͳ龳ɡܹ֮ôͻƣΪ˵µĲӦӵг龳ʵ˰ɣ
İ˰֡
Էôͻƣ츳ߣҲƵĺãǱѹƺһֱ޷ͻƣÿֲи˼꣬һƽź˲ɹ
ô꣬Բֻǳ벽飬ӦûԽ߾磬ֻη׽٣ǿѹסˡ
ǡ
γϾᡣ
ܹɹ
ȭͷǰᶨ
ðɣ
˿γһҧٲѹڵ
¡
һܵĿճ˾ʶϿһƬƣۡ
ȥɣɽ٣Ȼ󷨣׽ٵ޷ơ
һ£˰֣˵һ룬ͻȻ۾Բͣ
ﲻ̨ܶøָ󷨣ܹϢɽ٣׽ҲĿֺܴ꣬鷳ͺ͵ɳϽһ
Ա˵ǻ£ɶ˵ȴò
Ҳ˵вĿռ䣬ø
˵ԽԽá
һ뵽ĻҪ󣬶ʱزͣ˫۷Ź⡣
ҳȥ
γϵͷ뿪ͼǰ꣬ٴλζһ£øȥˣɣ
γգ۾
ջ˵Ҫȥ˵ãôգ۹Ҫˣ
ޣȵ棬ȥ׽١
תͷ
׽٣
һ޲ûӿеȥ
ɹ龳׽٣˰ûŻѾηĲپηˣȥ

ˣҡܲܲȥ
ҡҡͷ۾գ˼£һĿͰͣҪǾҸղûˬλҽʥҿԼᣬֱΪֹҪҽ׽٣
ҽʥǳ鴤
ķϻȥ
ü
ǡ
ƲƲ죬ޣһ飬޴͵س˳ȥ
¡¡
Ƭ̺ƱøӾ޴֮ǰֻ˴ķΧ˿̱ĶС
ʥҽҲҪͷȥһ¡
ĵ˵ͷһ˷ܣٴתͷԶİʥҽ
ң
鲻Խĳ鴤
鷳ˣİɣ¡
֪ʲôдųϿңзִģ
ִ磿
һ
зִ磿
ëķִ簡
ǲγϲ
а취ܽʱȻа취ɹ׽١
ɳɣ
Ҳգ
ϰ죬˵˿϶ղŵ棬ʥҽһҧҲһΣ˳ȥ

γ϶ɽ٣ޡܳȥʦһȫˡ
ģûôġ
ʲô

һλߣС
һλһϮۣݣĸˣϺ塣
飬
ԸһͻȻüëһ͵վ
ʲô£
˭ɽ٣
ôɽ٣ˡпܶݻ١
ܲλҲ˲Ծ
ô׵磬ҪΪ档
Ǻڣ
һݣ˳ȥȡ

գ۹ʮλִϷ˳ڿУе׵磬һѿ
Ϊϣٻ
Գϣȥ⵽˭ڶɽ١
룬ҧǳ⡣
Ҫɽ٣ﲻУ
ŵӵרŶɽٵĵطɽ٣ħӰ졭Ҫ
ǡ
һλϵ˵ͷȥ漴һͷޣһХצͷųɫĹâֱƳ˹ȥ
꣡꣡
һ£ƵķΧӡ
һʲô𡭡
г϶ˡ
׽٣Nɪƨƴöɽٵô
ֹһ
ĿҪըʩߣһδ䣬漴˾صİʥҽҲ˳
һۻҲ۶ɣ͵ػ裬Ҳյ˹ȥ
꣡꣡꣡
ƷΧǧĶȫ֡
Ҫʲô
峹ץˡ


1390 Ͳ
ʥҽͬΪϣϵһѰұ˿֪˶ɽ٣æͺ񣬿Ż𣬷ǵˮһ
ӶɽٵˣĲ죬ûٻ
¡
λ壬ٴҧƷٴζȥ
꣡
ƣ׵ƺҲЩŭˣִ׵磬˹޺Ͱϣ̼䣬һһ彩ֱۺë𣬴ӿеȥ
ơ
ҡҡͷٴüë𣬴һӣ󣬵ס׽٣˳㽫λɽٵļһҳϵŵȥ
ǣλͬʱͷȥѰҶɽ֮ˣͼڵİٴη񱩵һμƲ㡣
꣡꣡
øˣ׵ҫâ䡣
Ƕʥ۷ǿߣǣ׵ȻǶ٣¾ʥǿ߹ҲҪһƤ
⡭ôɹ
γ̱
˭˭ˣ
ΪɣԷϣڡָ˾
ЩۻȴҲ֪˿񱩵޷
ڸһЩ
ļ򣬰οһ䡣

γϾø̱ˡ
ˡǳȥɣ
޺Ͱ𹥻£Ѿ˶㣬ʱƿزסױЩϧкһ
ΪߵĽøǿ󣬵Ϊţ̫˻ƿزסЧ
ͺķҪװܳ϶޷
ȥġ
ݷףγ˫ȲԼơ
ܾ£鲻Խĸеֺ̿ͺ¡
ˡ
⸱ģ׵ʲôЦ⣺ģ׽٣ҰɣһᣬֻҪ׽СˣͷҪӣҲͷɣ
׽Сˣӣ
γ£ʦܲ˵һЩ
ͨǲɽٵϰݣôôȣ
Сߡ㵱ҵģ˵ͷ˭ͳͷ˭˵ôͷôͷ
ҪסҵķԸǡ
֪飬ˣԷҲ⣬ٶ˵һȡһ׼һȥ
⡭
ôţ֪λشγһݾģں档
ʦҲȥɡ
˿ĭ
ţʦ
ȻУʶ׹۲쵽ƵĴСǧĶַΧһ׹䣬Щ˿˭Ӳ
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Ҳ˹˼Ϳ˸򣬲ˤüͷһ壺ôˣ
Ϊżţʲôûڻû߳ųɡ
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ûشĻ촽£̲סʵ
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ǡҪȥԷ
Ƕ£ʹͷ
ʦö꣬δ˵˶ɽҲҪһţûη֮Ы˷ܵ׼òǰ׼ȥҪԷġ
һﵽǶɽ٣Ҫȥζ
꣡꣡
УͼγѾ߳˴֣еƷҺʱ׹䡣
ʦܲܶɹζҪлȡ
Щ£γ֪ҲӲ¶ı顣
־磬Ϊ˾˪𶾣ͲǸµˣҲʵ͵λˡ
ˣԭشáȥȥ
Ļ˰֣ķϻһݣֱ˹ȥ
Ҫ׺
ġ
ȫסҲһӿе
ߵģҲתӵġӭӱ׽ٵģһμ
ʦ
û뵽֪˶Էȭͷγۿ졣
׽٣ⶼΪ
ͬȥԿͼƻζһ£Ȼ֮ǰԷ˵һСһȦ
ţ
֣ҪҪԷ˵ͷͼһ㣬תӣٶ֮죬綼׷֮

ߣջָʣٴγڿУߵ׵磬Σ˵ؿͻȻһġ
á
֮ģ


1391 ⶾķ
ȥԶˣ
ɶɳԣ
˶һо
۶Ϊǿϣͷ֣־ͷһﵹã׼ò͵Ʒȥá
ҪҪôţ
ؼǣͱˣܵô죬ôꡭ
γϣ׽٣ô£
Ҳ̲סʦ˹
ô֪ô£
γҲÿҪˡ
׽ٲ٣ɡʼպûκιϵ
˶ɽ٣һɽٵãȻ󡭡߾ˡ
˵ʵҲһ£ԡ
ʲôΪǶ龳˵Ѿɽٳɹˡ
̲ס
ţ
˵ͷγʶӣתۼĿɿڴѾͻˡ
ֻ˸棬Ͷɹ׽٣ʷ򵥵ͻưɣ
Ȼͻơ
ϣһ飬ٴ̧ͷȥͼղųƲʱǰûںϧ
ôˣ
ӣγҲ̲סǰ
ûʲô֡
Ϊ޺ͰŪôӦ㹻ʵ׻ָˣû뵽һﱻԼΣЩ黫ˣܵر졣
һУûͣЪķգûοռڵָ߳ңͲˣҲ̲סˣתߡ
ӣһҪȥŵתתͻƵʥأӦ١
ס°ͣƲ⡣
ţãÿһֹͬŵܹȹ˵ľͻƵʱħͣˣͻƵıأÿ춼ѧ߾硣
ʵڲУ׽٣Ӧûкܴջ
ΣͻƳɹˣ
㣬ʥҽ˻Լѣ龲ͣתҲ¶ŨŨ𾪡
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𺳵ͬʱٴοǰ꣬Ǿη
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˰֡
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ʦϵϣû취ѯʡ
ǡղŰν綾
Ը˵ҽʥٶʣ֮ǰⶾ¡
γе˪𶾣Ȼúܹѹƣʱ䳤ˣȻԼǣ
͡
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ʥҽͷ
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£ϴͼݾͿˣżȰ衣
ֻҪǿƣʱڲ񣬺ú׼ȫԽ֮˭뵽˵ٻ
֮ǰݣεҡͷ
ٻҩģȷ˪𶾵Ŀ֮ǰûǣҲˣѹɡǣں⵽˷ɡͺˮˣڸµ¯Ͻˮûһ
˵ٻ˪𶾱øǿγڵͲ࣬ٱ׳ĻϮȻҲܲסԣ֮ǰʱ
ô£ʥҽɫߺ졣
֮ǰԷ˵ӹҽ÷߷߲ƽڲ֪ӹҽʲô
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һᣬʵ
ܶԷ棬ⶾɹǵôģûŪףһͷˮ
ܼ򵥡Ȼ綾ǣȻҪոϣôԣҲŹ⼤ŭ㣬޶ս
ǸʩչǿûγϷС˪𶾲ú߳׻ɢǱֵס˹
Ƕ˵Ĺʵ̫ǿˣִڹģֻһ£Ԫ𣬲ʱһҪҲֲסɢû綾һﻹγڵģֹųɢ
û˾綾ѹƣγѹƵΪڻͨȻͻƣ飬ӦҲ֪ˡ
΢΢һЦ
ʵûôӣֻǶԷڵ˪𶾣˶ѡ
ǵľ綾û뵽
ͣʥҽȻ򣬸пһ䡣
־綾һҽʦͷ۵ģζû뵽˼򵥵ķԾΡ
ǰ
Цŵ˵ͷŸпͻȻһס۾һˡ
ڵ̥Ҳǵľ綾᲻ᡭҲͬķ


1392 ʦʵ
ʶӣһᣬεҡҡͷ
ڵ̥һ֪Ʋ磬˵ˡҪΣգں海ңԼҵͲˡ
ǱˣһûⶾСˣû취ˡ
û֣ܻı¡

뵽ˣڶ
ţ
֪ʥӵڶ࣬Ϊֹ֣û飬Էһ㲻кԼü
ղ֮£ʦûôǿңҸӦˡҵһֹǼܣ
дż˷ܣ֮ƺڲ
ǼܣĲ֣
̫ˣֻһСعͷʵûκӰ졣
ϰȫǼܣʥӵ֮
æ
ϰĹǼܣһ
ֻںͷ­ӵпʥصʵϰȫǼںϣʥҲսʤ
Ҫˣȥżףͻ׶ˡ
ǣ˻شһ䡣
ƺû뵽ʥ˴ѧ֮УĶ
巽Ƿ̽
ʵ
ֻҪ֪ȷзλλãҪƻһ£취Ūһںϡ
ȻҪǼûԼʶ򣬻ûüں϶ԷȱԷںˡ
ʦ̫ǿλòδӦǡ
˳һ£ô׽٣⻹ģֻҪܶʱѹסҾ˳ҵǼܵľλá
ʥӵǿʦµּټѧӵ𾴺ͳݣ̺ǿ;ƽʱʱܣΪˣ̽鲻ʲô
ֻ٣еħԿŻõ
ô׽٣
ҡͷ
ܳôΪγϺټϵ޺Ͱʥҽͬʱ֡ͨĶ龳׽٣ܸǧĶ
취ʱϸӦͺá
Ըһ
պҲҪΪȻܹһãȻȥ
ã
Ӧһ˲˵
һĹ򣬲Żعͼһİʥҽ˷ܵĿʦҽ˽ô࣬ȤȥҽʦڿΣ
ڿΣ
ǰպǹᣬоһľ綾ڶʮ꣬޷Ϻܶҽʦ㹥ˣȴһֱû취ܽγڵ˪𶾣˵ȥڿΣҽ϶вСĽ
ʥҽæ
⡭
ԴɣֻǸͨҽʦǶûﵽȥڿΣ϶˲ɣ
κְҵҪ㹻ܵΣܽ˶Է˪𶾣ȴͼݵǵ鼮ûĻϣЩǷȱġ
һ۾֢ܿ˳ܲҽʦ¡
ʥҽЦ
ѵǷֲɳ֪ҽʦо˲֪ãûнǰλһٽȻ˵
Ǻáȥǲ⿴ѧϰһЩ֪ʶͷ
ܹ룬Ҳÿˡ
򵥣
Ӧʥҽ˿æǰ·
ǰתͷһۣ󣺡ʦܣʲôսеĻԼҡ
һ飬˵
սսΪԷޱȣҪսڿΡ˼γϿźҪʦûա
ʱڣ治֪սʲôˡ
ߣڰʥҽȥҽʦᣬԼסԺӣǿҲɻĿԶž
սǲδȥǸո굹ķᡣ
ү֮ǰ˵ҼүʦֵܣѵҲүѧ
ǿ̲ס
ղүһţԷ˵ˣֻЩš
ǸһͺɵɵģүôΪѧ
ǰҲʦѧ
˵ͷžĽ
ܰݶԷΪʦصżңȻܵ¡صĶԴֻһ֧ͨһλûС
㡭֪үǼʦ
ȷϣǿٴοеɻʳ
һ·үʵƺүΪʱһȻɣүûеôǿڼȻλ֪պѯһ¡
ĺǿ󣬾ͲôβˡʥӵϢҪɫˡ
֮ǰҲ̫ʦ£֪󣬲˵ġ
ž۾Ź⡣
Դ۹ʦֻּ̫ˣδӴҲû˵˽ܷסжߵʵ͵λ
ʦ̫ܲϳϣĿǰλߵģľʦһʵɲ⣬Ҽ棬ֺ
ơǿ֮һ


1393 ǿŭϣ
ʦܲλߡǿ֮һ
ǿز
֮ǰΪүǸʦͲˣʵʥӵüβˣҪ̫Ͼּģһץһѣضǡ
ζû뵽Ȼ
ʦ̫ܲϳϣʦǿߡһͷǿԸӣ
˵綼Ϊ֮𶯣
ֻһַ㷿нģȻõ˵ʶͿ϶һŨŨԺС
ʦ۹ⳬȺܿң£ҲвΪ֪츳
Ŀһǿ
һֱǸӹţ˱ʲô㲻ϣ֪үǿߣף£Ҳһš
ȻþʦôܶôãίΣչԼ״
ܵõ˴࣬ʦĸ֣ܵõʦѧʦȻҲָˡ
ƺܵеԺžп
˶˰˱ӸֲŰΪʦ֪ΪʦֻҪ½ʦԸΪͽ
п꣬ͻȻԷʻɻĿΪʦĹܼң֪ʦݣ
ҲͰˣԷǼʦģôҲ֪
үԵ͵Ը¶ԣҲ֪顭ǿ
ԭˣʦ
žԸп
ʦΪۣȻʦˡ
Ѿ޸ҲͲˣǡ
һᣬٶ˵žת뿪
Զ֮ǰ۵ݣǿ۾âͣ˸ֵȭͷٴ
ү֮ǰҴƷʯϢмɵûúôȻ֪үݣʲôɹ˼ɵģ
һЦֵӵվһ˦ȥ
һ˵Ĺܼңү˾ʦλʥӵ˿ѯһЩѣʲô
ʱ䲻ŵ
ܹģĥƷʣ߶ɽ٣ҲǸѶϢݺͽĵطʥӵѧ񣬶Ǵ﷢ȥġ
һȦһĴ˽ȥ
һλʮ꣬һۣԵЩ
ʾƣ
ǰơ
һǿƵ˹ȥ
һĹܼң
һۣЦһֽ˹Ƥһ̧˵ɣҪʲôϢүճΪʥӵѧӣѵμ
ٸѧӣϢһЩ׵ȥɡ
үμ
ǿҡҡͷһ£ʥӵԶһƷʯӦҺҩ֮࣡
Ʒʯ
ü漴֣ûϢذɣ
ûУ
ǿɻ󣺡Ҵŵеط˵ֻҵûУ
ֱ֮⣬Ϊ֮ǰʹˡ
˼̫ƷʯϢֻǰλܹҵܹһ
˵ûоûУͿ͡
˰֣ԵЩͷԸˣһȥͼһǰ
ҪһƷʯʵ鷳Ҷһһ¡
һȡһϡٵĿʯʥëצ˹
һۣǿ֪ö١
һЩʥëצͿףʦƵĶҪǿ쳣
Եȡ
ƺϳݣӦʥӵһλϣ꼱æת˻ȥʱ䲻һ˹
򿪣ˣһöʯϢҫҫ۵Ĺâ
лˡ
ȻһöƷʯ˿һתߡ
뿪ǿ¶˲֮ɫ㲻˵֪ƷʯϢôԷһöֱӶһˣ
ղλʥӵǮϣǼʦһܼңʲô֣һȥ
Щͷİ˰֡
ʲô˼
ǿĿһȻܼңǲǮһöƷʯҪĻܹ򵽵ġ
򵽣
Цʸ𣿾Ʒʯ½ʮϡ٣һöһöһĹܼң빺򡭡ǿЦ
ƷʯΪ̫٣ҪݵģݵλҲ򲻵
ˣʥӵҲûͨ
ûʸ˼ûʸ򣿡
ɫһǿ۾
ϿﷳңȻŲ˰ӳȥ
ǲͷİ˰֣ǳ⡣
ӳȥ
һ˦䣬ǿ۾ϴŲַϢһȣ֪˭


1394 ǿŭ£
ҹ˭
üëͷ
һĹܼңʥӵͨоͲˣȻװƣ
Ҫʦۼĵط˵ӳȥˣô˲
ϹٸīŲŸ·Զ޷ŵ
һڣüëһ
󱲵Ĺܼңʵʥأ⴦£ܱˣһﵹãʥ򶼲ǡװɶװ
ֵͼĹܼң϶νүûɶô໰Ѿʱˣšǲ֪ߵغ
·
ŭЦǿһڣԷתλܼҾţ㵹һҿ£ҶƲ㣡
㡭
û뵽ţֱʦλϣͷƤըȻŭǿ۾𣺡֪Լʲô
һʥ򶼲ǵļһţʥǿ߶Ҳδ̫ˣ
ҵȻ֪һЦǿдŨҵţ㣬֪ԵʲôˣҺ˵˭ĵӣ
üëһ壬һ㵽˭
ţȻм̡
ʥӵ˲֪೤ʱ䣬еģȻ粻֪ٻˡ
㲻֪˭ƹŵĳҹ߽ʥӵĴǵʸܼ˵һ
ԭأǿһڣŸ߸ϵζͬƿľ
֪үôͲõˣŷݣүݡ
ҳϺʹ
һ顣
ʥӵʦϷּࡣ
ִͨ³ϣͨʥǿߵΣγϣڵһЩ£ԼְҵĿˡ
ǹĸˡߣҽʦͨʥҡ
ߵģǸʡ塢ǡšõĹߣҲʥӵĳϣһλ֮ǰԳϣˣҪа벽ʥصʵ
ڴǿȻﵽʥء
ЩǿߣҶ˵ϻһʥûĹܼңھҪͬʹˡ
ʲôͷ
͵һЩȻʶôǸҽһ£˭㵨ӣҺ˵
ǿԽ˵Խ
ɶ
˭
ʱǿ֮һĹܼң˵㣬ʦܲĴӦҲͺҵһʥأһļһôš
ôĹ
⡭
Էʮ㣬ӵкܴ̣ҲЩ׽ˣ֪λش𣬾Ϳһ˹۾һæǰ
ʦ
ʦŵĸˣۣϣ
Ȼˣǽ½ʦʶλ֪Ͳ˱ˡ
ô£
λϣü
Ǹۣ
껹ûüشλϵǿ˹ɫ̵ĺͽܣϹҵǸ
ŵˣ۳ϣ˵ҲԶԶһ棬ʱһ˳
Ǹ
һ£üͷĸ
һʥ򶼲ǵļһȻϷλ벽ʥصĳǿߵǸûɣ
ðģ
ѧȻҪҳȥҪ·治Ǹ뵽ᴦˣȻŲ̻λϣ
ֵ۾ǿߣʥӵݵˣǣһλ
ң
һͷˮҲ̲סתͷԶ֣꣬˭
⡭ĸа
Ժûʸ˵ͻðģ
ƣ
ʦҲʶһ
Ϊʦʶ㣬϶֪ˣû뵽Ҳһͷˮ
ҿƣǽһλĹܼңͣһ£ѹ
ܼҡ
һͷߡ
ܼڶô
ҪԼǸһλõ³ϡ
ҽѧвԵĵطҲʥӵָ֪·ģǸ£ʲôݣ﹫Ȼһλ벽ʥصǿߵǸ
ԴãϺߵ
Ϊ۷弶ʦȻŭȴҲѹסʧ̬
Ȼ϶һƳȥˣһСļһǰϹȱȣ
ʲôݣ
üëһǿվ˫ֱһǰ¶ŨŨԺ֪Ҳ޷µү

ü
ֵöܴ󣬿û
˵ǼүĲ࣬үӦ֪
һǿŸ߸ϵİȻʦܲʦ


1395 ð䣡
ǡʦĹܼң
һ㶣漴ɫһ䡣
Ϊʦܲĵһ̫ϳϣȻ˵ţζû뵽λȻĹܼҡ
ѹָźſǰƷ٣Էһλ۷ʦϡ

һ߳ǿֵϣŽ֮ɫ
ʦƮʦ֪ܲľ䣬˵Ĺܼңƾ֤
𾪹󣬸üë
ŶԷʵʵ̫ˡ
ǿʥ򶼲ǣ˵ԼʦĹܼңʵš
ʥΪʦʹӣʵͬھ¡
ҪһܼҡҲòְ
ϾʦˣҪҪܼңʦԾܾôѡһʥûﵽĺ
ҿһģ
Է˵ʵ⣬δѣˣž֡

ɫһǿ۾𣺡ңʦ
ʦȻɣ
ҡҡͷΪʦĹܼң϶Ĵ͸ĻҿģͽǸðʦܼңȻϣһٴΣΪ
ʥӵʦ̫ܲϳϣȻɣֻǡǰλʵڲš
ϵļһʦƸΪܼҡôоЩ
͸
ǿһ㶡
үö棬δ鰡
ʦʵĪ⣬һӵ󲻵ĺôִ¹ܼңȻȻʵױɱôܺúΪ£
Ͻ͵
ܼΪʦ£ȻҲҪһԱ£۷ʦˣĴ͸ñֺ֤ܵǰλȻʦĹܼң϶Ҳֶ
򣬻û£ˣʦ棬Ҳһ
ҡүȻҲҴ͸ˡ
Ƥһ飬ǿߵֻǣĴ͸ø˿ģһ㣬ܲסô죿
үû͸ǡѾϣû취ֻӲͷƤ˵Ѿˡ
ֻҪóӦûʲô¡
ֻҪд͸УҪó
ЦЦʦּʦݻǵλԶͨʦֻҪȥʦ䣬̲α
ʦǿƤ
ȻʦǸָʦҲȥ٣֪ʦеĵλ̺ȱκħ޷䡣
ûүĴ͸ҪȥȻ
ȥʦҲûʲôֻĻ鷳ޱȣҼүһ̵ֱңԼ飬Ҫȥ鷳ˡȻҼү֪ˣһҽ𷣵ġ
˰֣ǿ죬һԴǡ
ַֺƣѶ˵ѻ治ɫı졣
鷳¹һλʦȻھͽʦܲ˹ȷϣ㹻ֶκܹһʵݣôΪѡ
ϼ
˵֮ǰöԷʮţû̫ĻɣģЩԾˡ
ʦĹܼң뵽ʦ
˵꣬ҲԷתͷԸ
ǣ
Ӧһһǰ֣ɲǼ䣬ǿסһ㣬ڶ˷ֺ
ʥûﵽڶԷǰʲô㲻ϡ
ܼңɣ
һЦ
ҡ
û뵽ƷʯϢȴܵ˴ǿǺ죬˶챬ըǽһλ۷ʦĹܼңҼү֪е𣿡
˵ˣֻҪ֤ݰˣӵʦϽʦ֪ӦҲ˵
ϰ˰֣ȥ
Ѻǿϣʱ䲻һĵá
ڣһƬλʥӵܳµģм䣬ʦ˫ۿգű֮⡣
ԱߣͬһСĵ񣬵һ˫ĿգʥӵĴʼˣ̹ʥ
Աߵʥһ࣬ڶεĵΡ
ЩʯԱȿʦһأ·̻壬ϴ
ǷʦʦĴ͸׾ܿ
УһЦ͵һӡ

âλ͵˹ǿϣڣ·Ҫ̽ǷʦµֶΡ

âʧ
ûд͸Ȼſڴƻƣ
۾һһȡ
ߣðʦܼңôĵӡ
ɫҲһĿ硣
꣡
δ䣬ͻȻһλһըűλһ׷׿ѣ±ǰ棬ȿֺ
һʱмľƬҷɡ


1396 
⡭
ԭأϺȫſˡ
ǰľ棬Ȼķ롣
λǿڣӵʦµĴ͸ֻҪǰʵߵģλϿʦһʾǿߵء
ʦʵ֪ʥӵ֮Уܹʤģ࣬ᵹһ룬ֻʣԼǿ߳С
ɡûֱը١ô£
æǰȥͼλǼʲôһ㣬ըٶԽԽ죬򣬾ȫ˷ĩһûʣ¡
ãĵڡ
ʥȵڣ˿
ʥӵûȫû
δ䣬ٴ꣡꣡žͿھλĵ񣬳Ѻۣ漴ԽԽһĹ򣬾̱ڵء
漴ڰλλ
̹ʥûס룬ֻʣ¿ʦһˣĴԭء
ͣζϺ곹״ˡ
ʥӵÿһλǾžޣеľţʵǼʶʦ̫ܲϳϣֻǿ
ǲ̹ʥΪʦ״һΪŽʦ᳤ܲûһﵽôϿʦϿɵԼ
ʦʲôʱﵽ־ˣ
ҪˣΪʥӵˣ϶֪
ˣʼٸߵǿҲͷˮ
ΪαȻùޱȣζû뵽˱ʣ
үû´͸үȴ¹ΣյʱΪûɶôתһ£˭ôλűը
˳ݵ֮һ
̫˰ɣ
㡭
ɻ󣬾ͼϿ˹ƺ֪˵Щʲô
ڡʦĹܼң
Է𾪣ǿ˿̲ס
⡭
еӦһͷٴ꣡𣬾ͿǰĿʦ˫־£ͬƽڡ

ţҲѺۣѵ漴ʦͣζһĽ䡣
¡¡
һѷ档
⵽ô£
Ϻһץ
ͽһȷһûʦµĴ͸ζû뵽ʦˡ
̺£֣˴ٽҪٵѣֻһ£ͱģ
Ѿƻ֮ɣ
ô£
մӷһѯʣӰҴҷ˹һλߣ岻ͣ촽£ƺҲſġ
ʥӵĴղУղʦ
ղʦ
Թϼæȭղŵϸ˵һ顣
޴͸ʦλֱѣ
ղʦͿе೤һһı顣
ÿʦ񡭡㿪Цİɣ
ϣʲôˣܳסλ֮ʦƽڣ
˵ǧȷšԽʦ޸ˣȥԡ
ֱ飬ϼæ
ʦǣȱٻҪ޸ûаʱ䣬ɡ
ҡҡͷղʦüëɸ񣺡ɣǼԱΪʹüֶΣ̽飬˳ô£
ǵʵҲ棬ʹֶͬεĻͬԼԷ޴͸պҲܸ׷ʲô¡
Ҳã
ϵͷ
ʼɡ
ղʦԸһʣµļλŽǿΧסͬʱһ㣬һͽڡ
¡
â˳֮ǰһǿΧγ˹Ȧ
ֻܼתүµˡ
˻Ҫ⣬ǿεҡҡͷٴתүµ
žણ
һ죬漴һλϱֱӿеͬµǼʲôֵ飬̱ࡣ
תͷһ
žߴ
λҲ
⡭
ǿͷתͷλ

۾ɨӣеĳȫͣ׹䣬գ۹򣬾ֻʣղʦһˡ
㡭
Դתղʦŵ鲻ԽĶһ£˵漴ͺһΰӰͻأǰͬڵأֺأϡ
žણ
𾪣ͣ޷תҲӿбֱ׹䣬һͷڵϣ
Ŵͬʵĳϣȫӿˤ£ݷ֪˵Щʲô
үôã
𾪵Ըӣǿ۾Ź⣬˷ܵٴתүڵ
žͿղʦڵϣͣ鴤תһΣ鴤һ£˵Ȥ


1397 ٹܼңϣ
ϰ죬ǿͣᡣ
ǲˣүڵͲֻ࣬С£ҪһЩ

ֹͣղʦ·ٴοǰӣ¶˾֮ɫ
ֶּΣҪΪȥһֻ֪Ҫ´͸ˣʵԶǣеҪ佩ֱ壬ӿеȥԲ
ڣʵʵͷˣ
ǿʲô
ӣһλϵʵ
һӰصıӰ᳹أͬ
һϵ
ҿҲǡ
ѵʦȻﵽʵˣ
ͬʱ˿ĭȫ
Ҫʵﵽʲô磬µĴ͸
ʦϵżҡҡ֮ΪĹ֤ˣʵںܶǰѾʥأﵽĪĵزңѪźĸ򣬳ΪһΪ
ղʦҡҡͷ÷ʦûκοʵ벻ˣ
λײβ̫ϳϣ˽ⲻ࣬Ϊʥӵ֪ٵģʵѴﵽ޷Ħľ硣
λ벻˭Ǻ޷ֱ֮Ӵӿȥ
ô˵ȷʦĹܼң
һ
ʮ֮˾ģ
ղʦ˰֣ǲãʦλ磬ΪܼңЩʮģȻʦϺڣɶԷרץʦ⡭ҲѹֲˣʦŪϣ㴳ĻţôǸɣ
ʦ˵ĹܼңҲðģ
ֻҪ΢е㳣ʶҲӦףðжƫƫɣںˣʦˣʥӵϣһ
ǡ
Цһҧǿǰͼƺ֪Լġʵ˫ֱİȻôɷȷҵݣ
ǣ
ϵͷ
ߣѧҪӳȥ佫ץ£ô죿
һڣǿͷ­
ҿүҲһȻ϶Ҫˣ
Ȼү϶ûô֮дȻүʲôֶΣ֪ġ
õһ˵Ĺܼңλ磬ȻһСΪѡԽԽ
ܼңϲ֪߲ղʦæǰ
Ѿ˵ˣǼү˭ǵɣǿһ··ʲôûһμôŵ
ǿЦ˶ʦϺڣܲϺڣ
⡭ղʦᡣ
ʦܲҪˣ磬Ϊ½ʵƿߣ䣬Ҫеλϵġ
˶ʦصηνʦϣҲûκˡ
γͷܼҾܿھǣֻҪܹȻƴǡ
֪Σȷ˭Ҳ޷ѣҧҧ
ΪʦֻǸܼңȻΪү£Ҳûʸ㴦ģȻң
Ƥһ̧ǿ˰֣ɣǼүպҪƷʯ£ʹգģһȼ۵Ķжһǿ
ү󣬽ӴʦԽԽߣһЩҲ֪һЩġ
үܿðʦؾηʦûʸּǿ߽д
򵥡
ȼ۶һƷʯ˿һһгģöƷʯ͵ΪͽΪǸܼ£ںҪףֱҼɣֻҪʮöӦöܽ
ʶȤ
ӹУǿĵ˵ͷ
γĿľΪ˾ƷʯԷͣ㽻ףΪ㣬ͬʱипүͷ
ǲүĴ͸˵ʯȥˡ
ܼң֪ʦﵽʲôʵںδ
ìܣղʦЦЦǰ
ղſıӰأʵ̫ˣѵʦĴﵽĪľ磿
ǼүһײβңҪҲѣʵ䲻֪ɲ⡭ܵУ
˵үǿ۾â䣬Ǽ
үʵǿؼ˻Ͱ˳ݡ
ʦȷ塭
ղʦ˵ͷ˵ͼһλǽӵѶϢһŹֵļæǰ
ղʦҪ㡭
ң
ղʦüʲôˣ
ΪʥӵʥصĳǿߣҲʲô˶ġ
ǿһۣλǳһ£ԴΣ˵ǡʦĹܼң


1398 ٹܼң£
ʦĹܼңĸʦ
ղʦһ
Ȼʦϵ
һ飬ղʦס
ðһλʦĹܼңֳһλôģ
ɶʱʦ˵ĹܼңҲͰײһһŽһţһ㶼ֵǮˣ
⵽ô£Ҳ̲סȥ
ʲô
ʥӵֲʦܼҼᣬһһܹĺ۰
Ҳ֪ѧոոҴݵѶϢλͣһ£ˣҲʶ
ʶ
ղʦһ£֡
ȻʦĲ飬ȴδˣҲϤͺǰλܼңδðһԼȻʶ˭
ţɻǵúһΧ֣λѹ
˵ǡǧֶһΧƤһղʦȭͷ

λҲɫصĵ˵ͷ
ܲλĴߣʮʮһȷֵһΧǵλߵ󻤷һһºУ
λʷղʦĿأ˵Զ⣬Ѿﵽ˹Īľ磬㻹ûĺӣ̥һͱϮȴֶ֮죬֮ҽʦü֣ûκΰ취
ǰΪĴ¶ƵʦܲĴΧˣǴƺҲμ˰ɡ
Ͽ
ţҲμǴΧˣܲʥӵԼսʦãһɳ˾λʥصĳǿߣһųΧסΪ޵ѣ˭֪һԶƿλʥǿߣڵҲãŻ
𵱳£ղʦкʣƺڶľƽɾΪǴΣ˾綾ʮΪûһֱʥسڡ
ʦ½֯˼ΧˣûɹºλǧֶʧӰ٣ûϢ˵ʦƷΪʹӣ
ϵ
ЩǶʮǣ̫󣬲룬֪顣
ţҲ˵ˣʦʵ֣ͨһΧǿҲȻᱻƷǡ´žˣ
Ȼкޣ֪λѾʦˣ޷ղʦеѹȥ
ʦɱ˿ħλǧֶˣܹлΪףĺôȻԶնɱ
ʱСΧڣֵúףǣʦϢα޷жǲ֮
û뵽Ȼģ
ǡͣһ£ҪҪ
ȻʦĹܼңλܼұȻʶǽһ£Ҳ֪ʦ
ղʦͷ
־ˣҲֻʦֳǿ߲ܳѹƣûУܼҵݣȷɣҪ̽顣
λܼңղҲȷˣȻͬʱʦĹܼң˻֮ǰʶ
ã
λϵ˵ͷת˳ȥʱ䲻һ߸˹
˻ɫĳۣüëŨڣ˫۴֮ɫ˿ϲŭ֡
һΪڣ˿ǳղʦȻʥء
ղУּˡ
ǰһΧһЦ
ּˡ
۾ղʦǿסзŭ
㲻ʱǶ󻤷ʦ׷ɱڵжԹϵҪɱ㣬޿ɺǣڡʦΪΪʹӣѾѹϵҶ֣Ѿûˣ
һΧ
ȷûˣ
ղʦҡҡͷһ˦䣺Ϊ£û£ذɣ
Ҫż㿴̬Ȼı䣡
һΧָһһƿ̷˹
ղʦֽӹοͫ׶Ȼһǡھ綾Ľҩ
ʮǰо綾ҽʦ޷ΪҲ޷ˣŶԴ˴ŭû뵽Էҩ˹
ҼҪҽЩµĶȫеĶ䲻أȴҲǰĹȻҪֲ
һΧ͵
лʦˡ
ּʦҩǲģһ۾ϳղʦǼһҩƿָһ£ܵˣҸǽһ£λҲʦˣǿܼң
ܼңλһΧͬʦˣְĹܼҡӦʶɣ
ʦˣ
һΧüʦֻһܼңôˣ
ɻһǿܣתͷüëһ壬¶ŨŨĲá
Сղ˵ҲүĹܼңʲôЦ
˵꿴ǰĺһΧüëһðүĹܼңôĹˣ£


1399 ǿķŭ
һƬž
гҧһͣ£Ǽһı飬ǿ
ǰλʵղʦⲻסֱҪץˡ
ץҲҪץסа
ЩҪ֣ԤᱻֱӶһʣ¡
˵ʲô
⸱飬һΧҲڵ۾
ʮһֱүûйܼҡˣ֪ĺ󲿷鶼ԴģǰˣûҲˣȻֱ˵
˵ʲôû
˰֣ǿĲͷ˵ɣʣðүˣҪʲôʱ䣬ð䣬ܺѱ֣ڡζû뵽λİɣ
ģ
ԷϢȣ˿ûнţһΧ̲סԶղʦղУ˭
ǲʶ
ղʦһ顣
ΪͬΪʦˣӦͼ棬ζû뵽һͽţƺ˱˵ûû
Сôʶ
һΧһ˦䡣
ˣǿ֮һȦҲǾʦһʥûļһܹʶ
ԳʦĹܼңղ÷ʦˣڵȷӵʦµĴ͸
ղʦ͡
Է´͸ˣʵǿŽ񣬳ʦ벻ˡ
ӵд͸
һ£һΧٴοǰӣͼüëͬ˹Ҳ̲סҼˣʲô¶ϲӶôգôչܼңӣô£
ҪչܼңҲոģһʵôܸͣʲô
ҼүͬʲôĹܼңԼľʲôҲɣ
ĺһǿһڣתڸոóĵϣ˵ɣ㵽˭ʲôðүˣ
ɶ
ڵˣԽԽˣ
һٵģλģȻ˿£ܵʥӵװģ
湻ģ
ð䣿
һΧĿҪը֪Ϸʲôˣ
ҪǻǰСԼǰţ϶Ͷˡ
ö󻤷öһˣɶʱ˵
ҹʲôˣ
ǿԲͷ֪ʲôˣǼүǿ֮һʦ̫ܲϳϣΪĹܼңϺݣһðģҲҷϻ֪ʲôط
ٵҲҸţǰˣ
˵ʦˣƾ֤
ȻҪһΧߵ
Щ꣬ʦԴ̣Ƣĥ˲٣˺˵ֵʥӵըˡ
ƾ֤ղСղѾˣӵүĴ͸أʲô֤ݣſڴƻ˶ᣬòǼٵģ
ǿЦ
ܼݵʱõүүүѧЧȻүµֶΣ˵Ĵ͸Ҳѡ
ҡ
÷ϻһһö˳һΧüë𣺡˸Ҵݵ

ղʦ˿˹ȥܿͬʱͷ
ʦܲ
ȷʦģ˼١
ΪʥӵʦЩȻῴ
ģ
ǿһ£ֽùͷȥ
ֻаƴСӡʦõ£һ׭ġ֡
ͨ岻֪ƣһֺصϢۼĻȻƷʥ
˵Ȳ˵ʵ񣬵ƱͱȻֵƣοл̺ʦֵˡ
Ȼûҡ
һᣬǿԽԽǱ
̫ƫ˰ɣ
үӸңչ˵ҲˣɶûЩˣ
үѧɳɡǹܼңǮû͸ûôõƣҲ
ͬˣôоһ
У´μүһҪú˵һ£ҪһȻ˶ɣԺôȥˣ
ôʦܲϣ
ôⶫ֤ҵݣ
⸱飬һΧ
ȻСղ˵ģǾġһүˣ
Ȼúܲƽǿǻ˹
үǿߣһˣʲôô˵Ǻܴȵġ
Ϊ˵ˣ󣬴粽룬ʱΪܼңΪβ֪
ԷȷԼݣһΧ俴˹
үײβ飬㶼֪
ͷ­ǿǻصǰдԶ͸пүнҳҵƷͱԣҪչүһ·ǻɳʱҾ;Ҫһӵˣ
ⶼǺܾǰˣҲգˣղ˵үˣȻˣǹܼңԺҵķԸɣøж£ҲӦΪүǵġ


1400 
үദ˺ܳһʱ䣬ɴδһˡ
ҹĻҲôۣܶ鶼һȥˡ
ˣܼҡеλϵĲġ
Ļ
ƤͣһΧûסȥԷ
Ҫ
Ϊ㿴ҲӦܿղʦ˵̬Ȱɣ
˼ҶŵÿҪιȥ㡭һֵģôô
ֻǰүЩ£˶ѣүϿɵĹܼҡҵҲԺˣ
˵ͷǿһȻ
Է˰죬˰ֻǸˣȻͬǸܼңרŹ˵ģ
ݺ͵λһ
߼ֱǻƽ
˸ƣΪܼңȻҪһ룬ǿ̹˲٣ٴΪүľеԺ

ҧġ죬һΧҲ̲סһɱָһһ̳ϢǿڣߣֻҪܻУ
Щú˶˵תͷԶߡ
ղʦүģѾɹʥӵҵɣûҪȥ֪һϣչˣүλүԺܴ
ղʦûشһֵİɣүһչ˺õġ
һ飬һΧæתͷȥ漴ǿһеİ˰֡
ôܣ
üëһ
õľ綾ղʦּϢֵڣѪǰˣôһ鶼ûУ˵ʮ㡭ļٵģ
ûʲôܵģ
֪ѾӹŹһˣǿһЦ¶Ժ֮ɫһ·Ҫչүôô׾ͳΪʥӵѧԱ㡭ģ

һ˵ԽԽû˿жӣһΧ۾ָ
ЩԾܸ˲٣ǵͷϣ̲סɱġ
أ
£̺ǿľ綾ٴθڶԷϣ塣
ˣȥ˼𣿸˵ûװƣΪˣһ˵ľûУѹү㵱ܼҡǵģ
ǿǲãһįѩ
ú˵һȴ㵸ĵȥүµҴܡ
һ㵱˵ľûУѵΪԼүʱ䳤ˣѧƢЩ̫ˣ
ȻԷôһ㶼η壿
ɫ濪Ⱦˡ
㡭
ԷжļûУһΧζһ£۾Բ
ղŵļ綾ˣʦϣһֽţԷһûУѲɡֵļһǿô򵥣ʵȴǸصĳ֣
ǰʱ䣬һλŮӣͲ󣬾Ͳ㽫Ѫ
ң˵ʦ»ع飬Ҳᣡ
˵һҪܼңҲһĵûһı죬ôͬ⣡
һ˲䣬ǰ֮ǰɶ㲻ϵӣ̱øߴ
ʦĵӣȻչˡ֪ʲô֣ǽſͨ𣿡
Ȼ˺һΧĶǿղʦΪûг֣˿æʵ

󣡡
ǿͺһΧͬʱڡ

ղʦûش𣬺һΧü˹Ҽֻչһѧз˭
ʦֻչһѧзҲΪôû
˸ܼңûҲˣոѧҲ֪ɣ
ǼүʦֵܣѾˣҽѺõıԣ
ǿЦŰ˰֣µĲӦѾΪǼүʦˣ
ԭһչ˷ģѹˣ
Լչүչ˷󡭡ү̫ƫġ
үı˽⣬λʦ֣϶ǲܵġ
ʦܣһΧˡ
ղҪ˵ҲͲỳˣΪү£ûҪ⡭
ףǿЦЦʵүˣʵɲ⣬ռѧʹӣ֪ҲϾֻˣö˵飡
үʮֵ͵ͺʶôˣҪžͣҲ֪ʶһˣôǿ󣬿Ƶһ

һΧ˵
Էĵһղʦ˵ļ⣬ľ綾ҲЩȷˡ
Ȼʦ󣬵Ͼֻˣյʹӣʲô鶼֪
ѲɣԼλˣ֪£һѧһܼң
ֻղʦģôգ۹׻ˡ


1401 
һʥûﵽСﲢС
ԽԽһΧĴ
ˣȥ˰ɣ
֪ݣһʵ̫ݣңһģȥñ˳Цʦܽ޷˸󡭡
ү츳ʵǿλͬΪ˵ѧҲӦʦְɣ
һᣬڵ
츳ߣһЩĵļӵܶҪټ֪̿࣬кһʮ꣬Ѿӵʥ龳ʵ
λûǸͬʦѧѲɻʤ
Ǽүһûܹʤ
˰֣ǿŨҵš
үôˣɶʱԹ
ԵģѧͽˣҪôѣʦɣλ󣬾ʵ϶ɲǶ֡
ûж֣ߣǼүҲһûܹʤ
һﴵ꣬һΧЩˡ
һʵģҪżҵλ򣬵үǰɶ㲻ϣ˵λǿѲɻʤùλ
ȥʾ֪ˡúͶԷǿ˵ͻȻһ߼ҴҷӶǻš
ϣˡ
ûǰͼ
ôˣ
ǰλǸŵ˵ִ³ϣü
⸱ģķʲô¡
ǡҽʦˣڰʥҽ£֪ôˣȫܵŵͬʱͻƣʮλϣһɽ١ں׽ѾЩƲסˣ
ɫףæ
ں׽٣
ͬʱͻƣ
ȫһΣղʦҲͫš
׽٣ͻƵ仯һͻƣĽһһڶô򵥣ģҲǳɱӡ
ˣͬʵҲͬʱͻƣҪͻƣҲһ룬ò׽нӴںϵĻᣡ
һںϣѿˡ
ҽʦᣬʮλͬʱɽ٣ܵŵҪʲô
ŵʲôʲôԹ
Ҫϲſϰݣ
ҽʦִ³ϣҶʶܶʥ龳۷壬꣬ôһͻƣ
ղʦɻ
Ϊо綾ҽʦӴıȽ϶࣬Է⼸ҲһֱоڵĶءЩִ³ϣ̤龳۷ˣù࣬ڴڸָҩټƣҪһѾ᲻ˡ
ôͻȻ䣬Ҫͻƣ
ϵ
Ҳ֪˵ǰʥҽһλóҽȥڿΣλûҽҩ֪ʶָÿеȱݣŵȫ򡭡
һ֮ǰĳߵ

ڿΣ
ָȱݣʮͬʱͻƣ
鲻ԽĴס
һΧҲˡ
ʦҪһʮͬʱͻƣҲѰɣ
ЩҲҽʦ˵ģϣʮͬʱɽ٣׽ѾӳǧĶŵ󷨶Щסˡ
߽
ȥ
֪²ɣҲ̲סһΣֱŵ˹ȥղʦ˽ȥ
һ£ǿҲ
ô¡һ˲뵽үòᣬŪİɣ
ʱ䲻ŵ漴ƣգе̫֣һȫЩ衣
ŵǶɽٵĵطɡ׽Ҳ̫ˣ
ȫùƻᱻɷĩ
ô죿
׽٣ϲһ£Ҳ̲סԶղʦ
սʦŪɷ棬ŵٻٵϹ治øˣ
Ҳ֪
üë˼£ղʦҲҡҡͷ
׽ٺСƾʥسڵʵķЩҲӲɢǰѾչǧĶ֮󣬾ᱻĨɱ˵ˣ
ʵڲСʥӵĻ󣡡
һᣬҧ
󣿲ɡȻżղʦҡҡͷʥӵʹõģ׽٣ǿ󣬻ûʱ򡭡
ʥӵĻ滨ѪɣǵĽҪͷ򣬲ʹá
ǰƬƣܿ˾ȴҲûﵽ󷨵
ĻŵҪˡ
ż
⡭
ղʦѿһȴʼ벻취ʲô̲סתͷղǰͨߣ˵λεʲô
λܽʮͬʱͻƣ׽٣а취
Ҳ֪˵С
ϸһ£ߵ


1402 

ղʦһ㶡
֣ողλֹܼҵүʦѧ
Ҳһ㶣ˢˢԶӣȴһǵûоȣһظ֮С
ǿ˵ȷظ˵ү˭ô桭
治ǣЩˡ
ʱҲΣֻܼңôԼүôͷ
ֵô󣬾ƺҲŪ
۾ǿԹ
͵͵ү캰ţȴδһ£Ϊ˵Ĺܼҡ
ĺۡ
ͬʱָʮͬʱͻƣǼүҪʲô
֪ףҲͲס
ҡ
ǿͷ
治֪ү뷨
ڲ׷ʱץʱҵʮλϣܲȰѹΪֿɽ١
ղʦ˰֡
ˣҪʧĿԺСпܣСöɹÿܡ
¡
ûһҵһ񱩵ֱ˹ȥ

⵽ŭգ۹øӴ
⡭
һ£ˢˢķ˹ȥһ֮£ȫɫ̡
ֻһͷޣһˬĲͣۼ
һðģȥֹ
ĴȣϸȥѵԷһ٣ͼһ߲֪ʱҲޱ˳þȫһ˹ȥ
꣡꣡
ǧĶңƬ̹ǧĶ
㷢ʲô裿
ߵģȭͷҪ顣
Ǳˣǰʥҽ
һҽ߸ĸģһʴȣ϶ԸɱôҪ׽ˣſϰݣ
ۣãҹ׽١ղҲˣҲҹɣҪ죬Ȼ׽һ£ˣ
ڷİʥҽˣ۾鲻Խˣæ˳

ͬʱһΣϡղʦ۾ɴ໥ԴӶԷпã
һﲻβεԼӳ鴤˰ɣ
׽ԽԽȥ˶ᱻġ

ڼ˲ԣ֪ʥҽ«ʲôҩʱٴһٵķӰ˹ĳϣ壬Լİηʦͼ
ү
һΧһǰ
ϣ㲻ǡ𣿡
һ¡
ûүչһѧһΧʵ
˵ʦְ˵ͷµĲ׽٣ġ
ȻϣȴҲ֪λȷҪǿ
ʦ֣
һΧһ顣
˵Ǹ˵ˣԼҵүȻݣʦˣ
һҲ̫ûִ˰ɣ֪˼ͻƣô˾ۼһ׽ô󣬿ôճ
ԽԽһΧߵ
ղţʵ׽٣ڣʥҽһڣҲûκΰˡ
ҳɹҲҪˣԻָ
ʦûб˵ĳŲֿ
ճʦֲҪճ׽Ūġ¶ݡ
֮ǰʱ򣬶Ȼô׽٣ҲµҪ֮ǰ£Ѿ׿ˡ
Ū󣿡һΧЩĿ֪ү˵⻰ʲô˼
ǰλʦ֣ʳ׽٣׽ٴˣŹԡ
͡
ʳ׽٣
ղʦҲˣȫζ壬ûӿеȥ
׽µĳͷ֮ԿǶԿҲʳ
ûЦɣ
ûЦλʦȷ
һŵı飬пһ
Ҳۿˣ֮ǰ׽٣ܲȴҲһױɣؼǣˡ
ڷķʦҲŵ
ܣ׽Ҳܣ
˼
ôоԽԽλãڴţأ
λʦɷǼһ£
֪˶ãҲ̲סղʦæʵ
˵ô࣬ڶûλʲôˣܵõʦָͻƣŪô
ЩͻƵĳһ𡭡
һָ
˼æȥ漴һ꣬ϥڼλϸǰͲͣպϣڽʲô
ҽʦִ³ϣĽ⣬һͣͷƺ׽Ĳ죬ǿ
ʦ
֮£ܹ治ɫĽΣղʦ˳
һΧҲ̲סͷ
ԣЩ꣬Ҳֻү
ѹүͲһܹģ٣ɲˡ
쿴ʦҪ׽ˡ
ȫǾȵʱһֱε꣬ͻȻͣվֱ壬һƵ·
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ᱻġ
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ǺǣǲõģֳղǾͿҿǰǽһ£һᣬʦ֮У߻ἤĲȻ󡭡
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꣡
ζ˱ǣͲȻˡ
˵ġ׽٣
ȫһ£ղʦһŹı顣


1403 һΧɻ
û֮ǰһȾλһܣʦѧ׽ٶʮη壬ôۿô£
˵õģƣ
ôһգ۹ͱˣ˿ûУ
ӦǡûӦһͺˡ
һ뵽֮ǰʦοһ䣬͡
δ䣬еʦĵ˵ϣҳһӣ岻ϳ鴤
¡¡¡¡
׵ԽԽ࣬ĸˡ
ҪǾ˰ɡ
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˵ôһ־ͱôңȥˡ
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ղʦЦ
ôǿǳȥֻøǿ󣬸Ȳ
ǡű
һĭ
Ҳ֪
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ΪʥӵĴô׽٣ǵһμ֪εֿ
޲ߣ׵ģ鴤˫ڲͣѯʣҵûУ
׽٣ҲǲƣǡòôȻϣܹ̽ϰǼܵľλá
Ȼһգˣٶȣ׷Ҳ׷ϰ
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ҿԪ񾭹׵Ѿﵽ˼ߵľ磬еܿ񱩣ҪʱڽҲûôס
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ΪѰңҲżֻԽżԽҲ
ͺӦ˹ǼܣȴʥӵڵĿռһ
۵ռ䣿
һ£͵һпܡ˵ʥӵԺ۵ռ䣬᲻Ժ֮У
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ںܵǼܣȴҲ᲻ҲһҲУ
пܡӦһ
ǺãȽ׽٣ȵԺϸ̽顭
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ղȥҽʦᣬڿνⶾģܶ˼ͻƣҲ̲סһָ
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ʮͬʱ׽٣ȷǿ󣬽Уɣʱ䲻ڵĻοռͳײΪҲﵽʱͻƵıԵ
ܿ죬׺Ӧ˹ٴŵ֮زز
벽ˡ
ܶԷӵĺܿ죬һգ˳Ͼﵽ˰벽򼶱
ӣҲȥѼ򾳵Ĺ߾ˡ
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֪ԼĹܼҲףᣬתͷ˹ȥ
ºһΧʦˡ
һ䣬һΧϸǰ꿴ȥ
һᣬ̲סɻ󣺡ʦɷżҵˣ
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ҲɣЦҡҡͷ
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һΧƺЩţǡʦɷ̽һ£ȷһ²⡭
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ָһƺڽĳ̽飬üͷԽԽ԰ѵĲżҵˣ
Ǻǣ˵Ѫɣ治żҵˣûżҵѪ
ΪԷɻʲôƣ֮ǰͼžģûκƣ֪żҵĺ󱲡
ʦǰǷй
ƺЩʲôߣһΧ̲ͣסҡҡͷˣһ£иˣ
˵꣬ҲͣһΣ̴ԭʧ


1404 ʦ¥
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һﻰֻ˵һ룬תȥ̲סҡͷ
Ϊʦˣû뵽Ҳôס
ղŶԷסԼʱͻȻ̥Щ춯Һд֮ѹƣ򣬶ӣɶʦЩˡ
ղ˵ĸ⳥ô£
Էٶȱ໹죬Ȼҵټü룬תͷǿ
ġ
æǿ֮ǰϸ˵һ顣
㡭Աݣͨ˷ʦļ⣿һΣûιȥ
Լ£ӿ湻ģ
ΪٵģŪ޻˵û
úܺá
Ȼ֪ԷԽԽ󲻺ճѾϣû취ֻõ˵ͷһصı顣
ʦղŵ׽١ոп꣬ղʦ˹
˵ʵµġ
Ϊô׽٣ŵٵҲ࣬û뵽汻һˣ
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ɫһףζһ£ƺʱˤ
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Ͻٵʱ򣬾һˣʦû̹ȴʦ֡У⼸һҪϵʦѯʡ
ʵڲУͺλʦѧ
һУȻѧᣬԼ϶Ҳܣ
⡭
Ƥղʦñ˵
ˣղԺ֪Ҫʲô
֪ԷҲܿԼ϶װģٶ˵ʵ
ͨǿĽܣҲ֪λǱĴλ磬̬ʮء
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ͷ
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мһ£̲סղ뿼˰ʦڻޣ֪βٶͨˡ
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츳ŶԷԸͽҲεİ취Ը⽫˼⡣
˵Ϊй¶飬˳ͷҲҪȥȣԺҵ˵ĹǼܣںϣķ
ȻԺҲܼأܲʲô飬һŮš
ٿˣ
ղʦüʦˣҪָĸޣ鷳ޱȣֻһְҵﵽܽǣκ鶼⣬ٳҲа취Ǿǡʦ¥
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ˣ˭
һ㶡
ԿʥӣҵõԷϿɣ˵ѣȻܹɹδ̫ˡ
һλʥӵĵεʮ֮꣬ڳʦ¥ΪʦΪѻ
ڶλʥżҵμλνʥҲһˣͬʱ䣬ʦ¥Ҳʮꡣ
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˵һղʦЦҡҡͷλļ¼ӿ£
£
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֪ղʦ𺳵ĹâҪǣλЩʱ򣬲ʮꡭ
ʮꣿ
һʮİʦ˭ô
ʮˣûﵽǣԷʮ߾ʹﵽˣѲ츳Ҫǿ
Ӧ
ղʦЦЦǱˣҵС


1405 ɱ
ҵС
Ȼ
ѹ֣
ʮܳΪʦҴһղʦ𾪲ѵļ¼ҲֻԼŮѣ
ǰʦˣԼſʼٴѹ
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ʦѯʣѵҲ봳ʦ¥
˼ղʦ˹
뷨ͷȥҵط飬һ֪ʶȻóȻȥ壬ܻṦܴɣ
飿Ҫʲô飿û뵽Էֻ˼򵥵ҪղʦЦЦ
ǰλΪʦѧӵл׽ٵ۴һ㣬ֵýύ
黭칤衢ѱޡЩְҵ鼮ԣ
ְҵ鼮
һ£ղʦ漴ҲѣҵֻǵĻûﵽǣҲԽ룡ʱƣÿһְҵֻܿʱ䣬ٳҲû취ˣ
ǴҲӵ޵ȨЩޣܸ쿴ʱ䣬ѾǸ˺ܴˡ
죿㹻ˡ
۾ˡ
Ա˵ʱ䣬һְҵţ䶰鼮ʲô˵ȫ㹻
ôʱ䣬ȫԽһְҵ鼮ȫ¼ͼˡ
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ܵĿռ̱һ֣ȫָٴǰһ㣬һĻڶǰһߣ渡ֳ
֮ǰ۲Կ׽ٵλ۳ϡ
һۣĵ˵ͷĽҪ죡
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Է༱æڣû˵ͱԷϡ
ˣ֪ʲôڲѯʵʱ㣬ҪɣϿ˹ĿƺҪͻƹĤʱǰ
Ը
һ౧ȭ
Ϊӵܣܵ࣬񣬾ͱɡ
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ɽ٣˵ã
ͷ
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ڶԴ۹ΧڣиԶʦѧԺ⼸пչȥһ£ãǰʱ仯ȥ
ĿһϻµĲϲλӦþ취ҵ֪ɱˣ
ɱ
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ҡ
ȭͷ


1406 ʦ
Ȼ࣬ΪƷҲ֪żϣǣʲô׸ġ
ҪԸĵҲʹ࣬û취ˡ
ҴӦã׷飬Ϸģһȥ飬ʵڲУ֣
ͣһᣬҧ
˵飿˭£ǧй¶ϢȻ鷳󣡡
ü
ҪɱСϲˣϢй¶ȥȻܵ飬Ҹɿ˲С
ҵĺֵܣԿɿ˵ͷǱˣǴϣղҪҺúýλʦ

һ£漴˵ͷΪ㣬ֵȷֵϧǸɿˣҲҪСģǧҪй¶ϢȻŭֵ췭ظ
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ͷλСֵܣû˿˸ʶʲô
ǾͺãúôɣҵϢ
Ļһζϲٶ˵һ£Ӷǰʧ
ϡô࣬Ϊȥ
뿪۾ſƲס岻ͣ
ϲˣȥɱһǰ֪飬᳹׶Ͼ޷صǰˡ

֪Щʲôҡҡͷ㲻ҪִϣҲԼĿǣ
ǣɿǹҵĸܣ
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ãϲɱˣ֮ľףǲ֪ĻԵڣƿأ˹ȥʹˣû취ˡΪӵܣӦ
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Ϊÿħֹһ˵䲻õˣҹɧȻֱӴԺϲλɱҲ
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á磬Բˡ
ȻԸģǲò˵λСţȷϵʱϲλֻһ۹СżҡҴǰȷʲô㲻ϡ
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ҡҡͷ
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ͬڳһ壬żҡҪʤ̫ˡ
ˣȥֵܣȥʲ
һᣬľٴλָĿһ
֪µʼĩ֣Ϊʲ
ֻ»ֵܣԵ޹̶
ԷҪˣཫ᳹׳϶ԷԺλӣõĺôȻҲ
ԶԷ˵ǸǻҲδ֪
һ·ۣʱ䲻ڵԺ䣬һ£֪ԷȥǵҴǰ
ʦѾȥʦ¥
ѯ˼䣬õ˴𰸡
ʦ¥Ҫʦ
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ô¼Ȼ֪ôû뵽ʦҲҪ
ŵֳô׽٣˶֪ˣµҪʦ¥Ȼʲôܡ
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Ͼ˶ѧʲôʲôᣬ˫
һ·ۣʱ䲻ʦ¥ǰ漴ӰڸǰղղʦҲڲԶڴ
ʼˡ
ʱ֪˭˳漴Ϳʦ¥ĵһ㣬̵


1407 ƿ
һ㣬ʦѡʲôޣ
תͷһһλڿִֵ³ϣ༱æʵ
λֵܣǿ󷨡ѱޡְ֮ҵһֻҪӦúͨ
칤ְҵ
λϳ˵ͷ
칤عصѵǡɫһס
ʥӵ칤ְҵʥǽҪԵģȻ
λϵ
ˡ
Щ
֪䲻̫˽⣬Ǻġ
飬ǶԷƵġ
Ϊ֮һҵľţʵԼ칤⣬ºУĳϣһֱӵгǵ
ʦ¥ѡʮҪѡ򵥵ģģȻһѵġ
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ʦ¥һѡⲻ̫ţ̫³çˣ
һ棬λһؾҪˡ
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칤ʦִ³ϣ
ȻܹͨҲá
֪ΪԼλֵܣҪôΪʦ໹ĿصĬĬȭͷ뵽ʲô̲ס̾Ϣһб£ϧҪúż޸õѡ񣡿ϧˡ

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׾ͺã㿴ҲͦæǾͲʱ䣬һѲϣҰͼֽͬʱ֣̳ɿܣ֮󡭡ֻҪĿܣܹסҵУͨ
Ůһӣǰ̶һѸָĲϺͿ̵һͼֽ·壬ģ̫ϸСʶɨӣ
˵·ߣԼĹע֣֮࣡
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ü
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ƿܣΪйÿһһǳǣĹҲˣͼ̶ֽʵȴֿܣֻҪһ̵ĲԣܵʵͻкܴĲ𣡡
ͷһͼֽŮҵ̳ɹʱ䣬һһҹɺ󣬻ҹɲˣʹûͨҵĿˣ
̿ܣʱҲҪӦȷϰɣҹѾܹʱˡ
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ֻǰһٶֲڽ֮£ͣɣͶһѴСһ
͵һץ

̺õĲ϶һ
ˣˣ
֣תͷ


1408 ҷˮ
㡭
ǰĿܣŮݴ
̵ٶһһҹԷŶã
ʮ
˸
ôལͬʱ̣ôܿƵľϸ緢ֺ
ԣܣû·ģôд롭
𾪹Ůɻ̲ס˹
ƿܣģǰ룬ǰζУ·ϵ˿ûκ𣬺ͼֽȫһ
ŶŮӣһпܳ壬ʵڲ˼ղſʱ仹ԣͰһ·ôͻ
ŵЦЦ
ǸܣɳһŮǰҲʧţˣȻ¡
ʱ主ԣһ·
һ̲סǰϸ˹ȥ
ֻǰĿܣ·ϣ˿̶ɵģÿһ龣覣û˿϶ʶ̽鲻
㡭ôģ
۾ԲŮӶתˡ
̵ٶȣڰ칤ʦ֮ϿǰˣҲҪһһҹɣԷͳɹҿΣĻҪ룬˿
̫ǿ˰ɣ
ҿһ£ÿ̵Ƚ鷳ԣʹ˽Ŷˣҽòƻ
ͷ
칤ʦҪ̵Ŀ죬˵ֻҪ󣬵һãܼסͼֽκһϸڣڳ
ӵͼݣޣÿǡ
ڶ׼
ˮ⣬˫ܽϸʶ棬
ʱ侫ܹҪǿ
˵ˣ֮۸ºУ̵Ŀ죬Ҳ޿ɺˡ
ø˵̫磬̵Ŀ죬δá
ͣһ
Ҫ죬Ҫǣֽṹͼֽ̫𣬷һѲ϶һӵгʵ
ģɣ㽫ΪѹƵ۷壬սһΡ
ͷ
Գ֣
һ㶡
ûɵɣ
ʥ龳۷ǿߣ㽫ΪѹƵ򾳣Ҳ޵еĴڣ㼸ӵ̳Ŀܣҽ֡
ôģ
ýţһСģ˵㡭ɣЦ
㡭
Ĳ㱬ը
˼ǣԷ϶Ƕ֣һﵹãԼ
ԴĿԡ
Է·һ˿øУúܶò˿̣ȫΪС
ãҾѹΪһԣҲΪ㣬ֻҪУУͬͨأ
𣬽ߡ
Ȼ֪ܵսΣмǲˡ
㣬϶ԷҲʲô
룡
ͷǰߣѹ˵˼䡣
˵ͷǰһŮĿ硣
ߣ
һԴÿܹսһתΪѹƬ̹ͱ۷塣

ŸѹΪͿһȭͷХѹ
ǿܣ
һȻ֡
ţ
ԶԷӵ̳ĿܣòΪȻ˿̿ȭٶȺɫ̲ס͵һ䣬Ϊ龳۷ǿߣȻ֮Уһ˿Σյζ
˫ּæ͵ӭ
أ
ȭײһɴѹХٲ֮УûüӦ;˫һܵػƤһ㣬󵹷ɶȥ
ۣ
һѪײǽϡ
ҿͷѹƵΪȻǽ棬Ҫ顣
ˡ
ɫ׵Ŀûü˵ͼԶĿܰ˰֣һįѩģ
㡭˵
۾Բݲ
ƿȻǲ˵ģԷƵȻԣô£
˵˵һΡ
ŶղŽϺãʱ仹иԣ˳˸顭
͡

˲֪ãžúƽȣ㲻ʮܣ·飿
ʮٶȣҲ
ҪҪô֣
ţʦʥӣٶȿЩ
һ䣬Цſͨ𣿡
Ȼ㡭
ɬ
Ϊ߹оͲˣζû뵽ԼڶԷһжûס

ʱ仹ûãͿĵ˵ͷ¥ͻȻͣסŲһǰĿܣѹŲá
ղŵˮôûҵĻ
ҷˮˣķˮˡô֪ôһȭӲס
ί
ץ


1409 
˼ԴίĿܣ̧ȥ
ڶ㣬ͬѱޡ֮óְҵ
뷿̿һ꣬վ¯ǰֳִ󴸣̿˺죬ͣĴһû֮£Σҫź⡣
ʦ¥ˣǣֲͬޣ֮ǰʹﵽǵְҵһûѡȫǻûõµġ
ʦںԶѧԺͨǿˣûӴθպҲȡһ¡

ͣһָԶ¯ʦʥӣеһʯڿʼƣֻҪһʱڣܹƷʥͨ
Ǹ¯Ȼһöʯڻգȵľ˲ͣϮʯȴû˿ڻļ
Ӣʯ
ü
ӢʯųưǼڻĿʯܶİʦλȻԼһʼ˵ѶȣȻС
бףֿʯһɱͶҪƷʥ۷壬΢ַɴﵽƷ
˵ԷˣѵĲƳƷʥڻöʯɺʵı
ڻӢʯ⣬һʱ䣬㶼ڻˣؾͲùˣ
е˰֣ж졣
ã
֪ǿһ֣Ҳ˵֮ת˹ȥ
¯̿û˿⣬ֻӢʯ۵̫ˣҪػⶫ߶ٶ࣬Ҳﲻ¶ȡ
ɶԷδػ󷨣˵ֻʹЩ
Щѡ
ò˵ˣеĻҪѡ
Ҫסңûô򵥡
һЩʦɣ˵ûôӡ
ʦ鼮⣬Ѵﵽ˰۷弶𣬱һЩǳڶ㲻ͼݣҲʮַ֮ڻ
һЦ¯ǰָһ㣬ʮʹָ˳̿֡
̣
֣̿Ļǹһ㣬̾ȼգ֮ǰĻտɢ˵ƺյЩŤ
ǡǾ󣿡
һڴеԭء
ܶı棬󷨷ģʦ󷨶ʮ־ͨΪԷһЩϣ̿ȼյĸʢζû뵽ֱӲһС͵ľ
죬ƾСΧڣó󷨡ؼٶô죬ôģ
̣
£̿¶ԽԽߣܹӢʯƺһЩ룬ɫĿʯ⣬ڻ£û̫ı仯ɶûҪڻļ
ڻڣȼո֣ȣҪּĿʯЩ࡭
ҡҡͷепһδ䣬ͼ꣬һŶǰ¯˹ȥ
һ¯죬ͻȻŤ壬ƴ£棬ִĻ̱Сâ㣬ſʯи
ǡۻҪ¯ϣô£
еٴδס
ۻǽһ¶ٴַܺܺã¯Ҫ󼫴Ҫ໥κͼѵϲУԷǰż˲ʮôô
ò˼飬ͼվڲԶ¯ͻȻŤŷʴ壬Լǰ¯ſ𣺡ɷʯһã

û뵽¯˵еЩ㶣ûüش𣬾ͼ¯ٴŤллˣ
˵꣬Ҳͬͬ⣬һ㣬ڰһ

һöʯԷ¯֮С
ܣ
ʯһӴ̱ըȼգ¶ٴα
ģ
üëеƤͣ
¯ģ˲֪꣬οˣöԷʹһ¶ѡ
Ϊֻǿãζû뵽ʩչۻֱĿʯ
㻹֪֪Լ˭
Ĳ֪룬¯ٴοѪһá
˵꣬¯͵𣬴ӿбֱ¡
ۣ
ؿڣеѪѪҺͬʱڶ¯֮ڣα
̣
¶ȵӣӢʯҲֲס꣡һѺۣűڻ
ɹһ۾һٴǰָӿ͵ǰһ㡣

ʯ¯з˳ֳ͵ûٴһõ̥׹ҹ֮С
һ̷ڣܿ죬̥ȡ˳һһЦˡ
ˣ
ԴɻеæȥֻһۣƤ飺ǡ
ֻһשƽ棬ķаģ


1410 שʦɼ
ղŶԷǲþӻ¶ȣǾۼ漯ʾ˶⣬Ȼﵽ˼ľ磬˿
ɡ̥ô˲ʣ
һöӢʯ˵쳣󣬾㲻һ󵶡ǹذ֮Ķ̱Ҳ´࣬ӲŪ˰ש
ƤͣЩ
ΪʦʥӣԱŽ̬ҪԼƵʱֻҪһߴ粻ԣƷԷˡƵ³˵㣬ҲܣⶫͱëǮϵûаɣ
ֲǽˣŪɶ
һ°ɣӦܴﵽƷ𣡡
ȥı飬һڡ
Ʒ
ƤһеҲͲסһשﵽƷʲôã
ɣҡҡͷֽϵİשôúܣıΪ
еŭЦ㵹˵˵ж
ҲҪи޶ȰɣķжûУôս
ͬӢʯƵıǿڲǿԿһ£֪
һȻ
Ȼ
һȡ
ǹ
Ӣʯƶɣˣһ־͸һִƤ֮УҪ˵ѪҺ
һ֪𲻵ͣǿ
ӢʯƶɣÿһѪķ˲֪ٹ
ԿҵʤĻҴʧܣһЦ
ãҿשʲô
û뵽ǰλȻڳԣеߣһշ𣬱ֱ˹
Ҳûжһ˦שӭϡ
꣡
שͳһ߶ϳء
⡭
еһ
֪ٴεĴƥ쳣ԷİשȻһ۶ϣôģ

ϳשûͣЪŴ󵶺ͳǹҲ˹ȥ꣬꣡ٴ죬еƳıȫϳأڵϡ
㡢㡭
ݴе˵
һԿ˵ҲˣȫɱԷİש飬ɵҲֵ֪զש飬Ƶı̫ˡ
һ
שûзУȴΪأѹˣ
˫ֱŽζɱ˵ĶĿΪ˸õսÿÿҪҪǡӢʯѣƳɵıܷȴ̫ˣˮһܲסرĹӮ
⡭
еס
Ӣʯ˲ٱÿһͶԷ˵һǷɱ̫ˣȻִ࣬Ʒʥȣв࣬Ҳ̫󣬱Ͼͣ棬Ͳͬʱá
ΪӢʯƱȱݣζû뵽Էһש̽
ôҿͨˣ
𾪵Իָٶ˵΢΢һЦ
һǫ飬εĿǹأǴˣûҪѩϼ˪
ͨ
촽һ£еɻ󣺡שڱ޷ƣҲûϸôƵּ𣿡
ܰשأ˼򵥽飬Աֻ߲͡
Ҫ𣬻򡢴ΪҪƣȴҪֶΡ
ͬĿʯԽ࣬ԽãܶȾԽ󣬴ɹ󣬼ҲԽߡ
Է̥ʱۿܹĸû棬ΪשӡôܱǧļҪߣ
ѧҿԽ㣡
Ц
ָ㣡
װеȭ
ʵưשܼ򵥣ʵȴѧڣÿһ£̺Ǽ򵥵Ĵ
שץ˹ϸ͡
Ѿﵽ˰Ǽָ㣬ǣ֪ʶֻһᣬеͶء
ǰλ;ܲ󣬵⣬ȴǳ֮éٿֻȻ֮С
ܿ죬Էưשļȫꡣ
ˡ
˵꣬Է̧ȥ
ԭ֮ǰǴģԺҲƳʹˣרưש
ĿͶԷ뿪ղѧ֪ʶе˫۷Ź⡣
ʲôʲô󵶣αȵשͷ
ɹ˿أӦ׷Ŀ꣡
뵽⣬ȡʯʼо
ӽʮӲͨڶ㣬ǲЩ̫ˣţҪӿһЩˡ
ипȥ漴ʦʥӡ
ֹȴ֪һשʦԺһֻͬһֱǿ߶ΪܵõƵİשΪ١


1411 Ҫ·
ʦ
ʦʥӱȭ
Ͽɻã

ڶԷᣬ˼ҷӱȫˣ˶ԷʵЩⲻȥ
ڱչأʦʥӵƺ־Щ֪ôˡ
ԴΡ
λ緢һԼΪѧŪʵЩ˼
֪ҪΪͽΪʦ¥عߣģ
ʥӵ˵ͷ
̫ˡ
һЦ
ڻûﵽǵְҵʦ׻ʦ֮಻չʾʦû飬ͨӦòѡ
ǾͿʼɣ˺ܼ򵥣㡢ͬʱһ£ֻҪһ£ͨ
ʥӽһ¹
ʦóܣÿһλͬҪȷģȻֻΨһһ·
ã
˵ͷ
Ʋ⣬޷ͨʦ¥ĿˣһЦʥӵ
޷ͨ
üëһ塣
Ǹۣµ塣
һ²ͨǾ͵ڳϴʦ¥ʧܣҪ˵ɹԷһŵأһ޷֤ͨʣµ㣬òϣͬûأ
湻ݵġ
ʦʥӣһ־˲֪λش
ֻҪ޷ͨҾءʦʥЦЦ
ǰλȥ˹ᣬɷ棬糤һ겻Ȼ֪ûйϵΪʦʥӣҪΪһ¡
ȻϾصְҵϺڣ
ɷһˣˡ޷ش𣡡ҡҡͷ
ֻһ
ʥӰ˰֡
ԷʣڶԷ£޷ƲΪܵӰ죬֮ȶҲ㲻׼ɶ㲻縹һѡ
ӦԣҲһѵˡ
ֻһǺðɡ
ԷΪѣĿľ޷ͨεҡҡͷһͨͼݡ
꣡
ʥӻûӦ;ȫһһ׵ͷϣһĵâգ۹˵ϣ°ĭ岻ͣ鴤
ôˣ
֣Щ£ǲҲй¶̫࣬⵽˷ɣ
ҡ
꣡꣡
׵ʥӲ˵һ֣ٴγ鴤
Ȼ˱ʣҾͲţ¥ˡ
ȭ

꣡꣡
δʥӼ鴤
л꣬ԺлȻŸм
˱ȭ̧˹ȥܿʧڷ䡣
ԷΪԽʣȶһ£Ȼ鷳ûʲôɿġ
ȡС͵Ϊѵһ٣ʲô
㡭
żʥҪȴ׵ܼˣ˰죬ߣֻ˸ĵط˫ɶԷ
Ĳ黭ʦʥӡ
Уǽһƻõ磬ɽͷʤա
֪ǰǵ黭ܿ˳ƽ⡣
ǾʦǼʦ߲ħʦڰ˲ʦ
鼮صٶȼ죬ӵʱ䣬ͨһصĿˣһ̧ϵھŲ㡣
ͨ˰ָޣֻҪͨһصΪˣΪʦˡ
˽ǰŵӰüëٴ
ô㣿
ǰģǱˣ֮ǰޱһ٣ǷöƷʯżţŴ
ʦ¥Ҫһλʦ򿼺ˣңʸ񣬵ͻƵ˶龳Ѿ˿˵ķΧȻҪԳ֣
һЦŴһȡһУһ̷˹ǷöƷʯ
ֽסҲ򿪣սָüͷĸ
֮ǰ޿˶Էһ٣г𣬴˿ҵԼĻᣬôܷŹ
黹ʯȻ̬ȡǷźº֡
֪οˣ
㣬³һ˹
ΪʦҪʥ򾳵ʵֻа벽򾳣ûﵽҪп飬ȷϣ
ĿһŴ˹ģҵĿ˺ܼ򵥣ȭܹסͨסǸͨǰ˲㣬Ҳ޷ȥ
սȭ
ü
ԷѹΪս֪սˣҪȭǲѹΪ
ܴ󣬵ͲѹΪŴԻǲһء
սȭҲԣҪһ·
ͣһ£ʵ벻ܹʤļʣ
·⡭
û뵽ҪŴ΢΢һЦΪ⡣
ȶʵδ·Ӯġ
лˡ
˿һץڷĽ䲼˸޷̽ӵ󷨣ת˽ȥ


1412 ʦ
ܹʮӰɡ
ô̵ʱ䣬ͳ嵽ھŲ㡭⡢⣿
ʦ¥ǰһȺΧ۵ʦְҵߣһݴ
ǾöԷܹͨҲǰλһҪ켸ҹأζûϵʮӵĹ򣬾Ȼ嵽һأ
ҲͱȻͨ˰˴ޣÿһ֣õʥӵϿɣ
̫˰ɣ
ȻһأҪͨѣ
Զĳϳ
ΪΣ
಻⡣
Լλֵܣ֮죬ƿֲ֮ǰһֱã˿Ƶõļ¼ôûϵλôͳ嵽һ㡣
ǼΪģһսˣҪͨӦΪףΪζԷ˵ѣ
عصǡŴ˵Ƕ֮ǰйìܣλϵ
Ŵ
һȭͷ͵ô
ŴԷĶԹ֪ĺҪһţҪͨ»ûôס
ΪѣͨİʦɣôҲòλżҵĳţԳְɡ
Ҳ֪Ӧ룡
λϵͷ
ŴΪżҵĺӵܣʥӵ£ܵõϢλг𣬲֪Ҫʦ¥ΪعߣӦʮּ򵥡
ɶ񡭡һΪһúһ٣˴Ͳ塭
ҧ۾졣
ΪһֱҪһûü͵֪õ£Ȼ󱻱׽١
û֣Էȴȳˣ
һҪʩչȫʦ޷ͨΣԲŹ
ĵ趼ϲͲ࣡
ʦ¥ˣͲף׷Ź⵽ڸΪǱȻġͿλʦܲܳܵסˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ȥͻȻеһζ
æ̧ͷȥͼʦ¥ĵھŲ㣬¡һǽһεĹİ
ʦˡ
üëһЩ١
Ҳҳɣæȥ
¡
۹棬ٴδιİøʯͣӿе䡣

ǵģ촽ͣҧȥͻȻüëһԣ·ͣĺʦ
ǣ
ЩţϿȥû壬ͿİһѣһӰŷ˳ֱ
أ
ڵϣһֻʣ˫ȲͣҰڣźͣǱˣżҵλţŴ
⡭
üëһԺ£
Ŵʵ֪ĺʥ۷壬ͨİ벽龳ʤһֻа벽ϾСһȻֱӴӾ¥ɳеûС
ʹ۾ϸ˺ü飬ȷ˿ĭ
ţҲɴ۾
ŴѹΪѾһˣѵ֪ڸģѹΪ
²ȥ𣬶ǹɡ
¡
ʱû룬ٴξҺܰ˵â¥һƳڿС
ʦ£
ϲսʦ¥ɹʦ
쳹ʥӵһ㣬ķ
ʦͨ˰ʦˣ
ڣʰžͣ
ĳҲԴֱһ˫ĿУǲš
Էʥӵʱ򣬲ʥԪ۷壬ʵ˲٣̶̲һµʱ䣬ֱӳ˰ʦ
׶ţò˼顣
һĻʥӵǺһͨ˽ʥӵߣȫȲѡ
īҲԭأһ仰˵
Ȼλ츳ܳɾͲͣζ벻ʥӵһµʱ䣬һڿζûȥϣѾͨǿˣΪʦˣ
ΪʦȻվ½۷壬ȫʸԺˡ
ʦ֡
Ҳ£ˡ
֮ǰţͬΪʦֵܣֻҪŬ϶ܹףѾ˲֪ԶҪ׷ϣȻˡ
ѹʦΪͽ
ʦ˵ֻһٲͽˣȴֶһλ츳ȷ˶ġ

һӿ壬ֽİǻġ
ƾڵʵǶԷĶ֣ܹ֮׻ܣȻǽ˳
ʵǿŴʥ۷ǿߣҲһȭǽϣȭ󣬻Բѣ¥ˤȥ
ˡ
ͷĵĻ£˷ܣ뽫սָͻȻüëһ壬һٴγġ

˿ƣɢĹâƺĳַӡڻ⿪


1413 عǵλ
Ҫܳ׼
һʦﵽǣڶ֮ؽŭĿħľ磻Ϊﵽʥأ
ʣЩ࣬ʦﵽǣȻѾһȨ޺
֪ʱϸʱ򣬽öƶսָŴӿл
ϲʦͨʦ¥ˣʥӵļ¼
ǰղʦڶš
ʮҴŲ㣬һ֮սλţ֮ǰСû
ǷԽԺˣ
΢΢һЦ
ȻȥĻھʹȥ
ղʦ˵ͷ棬ûֻ̫Ƚϳԣˣ
ղʦˣ
ȭ
ִ⣬ϢϢղʦٶ˵һΣǰȥϡ
ʦ
æ˹Ҫ֮ǰϸ˵һ£ջͣ
ȥԺȥ㣡
Լնɱϲˣţôʦóĸ֣СһЩΪá
ϾǼҳ
ã
ԷΪѾ׹̣Цŵ˵ͷղʦԺķӶȥ
ʥӵԺãԶཨһ֮ڡ
ȡһöƣղʦںһһӡͱ⿪һ޴Żˮ滺ſռ
ǿĿռƿء
Żܣ̲סüëһ
ܿ飬Ѿ˵أԿռ˺ᣬǰ֮۶޲˵óŻˣԿռգٶҪﵽ۷壬أ
ǿ߲óĿռ䣬Ѿ˼ǿȶԣ˵̽飬ҵûƾʵѿ
ǽԺͨʹݵĻ£
Ż֣ղʦƵ˹
ӹḧ棬漴˸ָ·ͷӡЩһģһ
ȫǿռơ
Ѫָ
ȥɣ
ղʦ߽Żϡ
һţǱռ󷨴ͣһ̣һƬ֮С
ʥӵҪŨ˽ӽһʵʰһץͿ۳ˮΣγҺ
֮ǰںԶѧԺޱȵĶ洦ɼ
Ȼʥء
пһ
ԽŨԽ죬ͬʵʣȫë״򿪣ҪתΪ
Ҫһʼ㲻ʯһʱҲɴﵽڵʵҪߣ
ѹʥŷô࣬ΪԴϵ㣬ټϱ츳ûɾͶѡ
ԺҪĲĻ̺ͷΧҲѧϰѸݣ
𾪣ղʦ͡
ͷ
ǵ̹ʥԲãпʦӳѧӵĻϢŨ˽У鲻ԽҪѧϰȡߵĸߡ
ȥμʥɣ
ԭظһᣬղʦ
ʥ
ﾡǲ̹ʥ£άֵڣţʥĹͣ
ղʦͣ۵ռ䣬ȶԺҪĵطҪά֣иָûʥأ϶֪ٱˣ
ͷ
۵ռ䣬ͺ򣬲úάֵĻ˵ʱ䳤ˣͬ
磬ʢĿռ䣬һֱǧϷĸάϵȻҲȹ
֮ǰɽţҲˡ
ʥѣûάֶãͳױ
ǰӳԣȻӾңάϵֲȻһǿء
һ޴ĵǰ
һۣݴţ֮ǰɽżʥһģһɢ˾̾Ϣ
ܲɽţ֣ʯȴһ㣬һۣඥ֮УǱø
ǵһʥӵ
һ񣬾Ĵ澴ηʥǰʵȻԶǰλ֪١
ǰһ
Ȳ˵׶ǿǿߣʢֵֺ꣬𾴡
οõĴУѧϰ˾ͫ
ϧ⼸쿴ô飬δҵͫ鼮Ȼͽ׹Ƴ𣬺úˡ
ˣҸӦҵعˣ
Ǹп֮к˵Ժ
ʲôط
ôżԺΪأҲкܴһΪ˻ָˣعҵ۾̲סһ
ڡ
˵дŲ


1414 

סǲš
Է˵ĸʢţ߱ӡĳֵطʥĵڡ
ôܣ
ʥǹʥ̹ʥ״ʦͽʥӵĵһεˣѺ֮ǣ޲ýɾ
Ϊڣǿ֮һǼ֮УȻҲ̺ΪݣӡأԼĵ֮С
⡣
ؼǡں˺˵ĹǼܣǰĵǵûɱ¾Ϣһ֮Уôģ
᲻Ӧˣ
̲סʵ
ţֿʵ̫΢΢ˡ
Ͼʥӵͼݣӵ֮ᣬ˵ѹƵľʦ޷֮۶
ںͷ­ǰܻӦڡԲᣡ
ǿ϶
ûںͷ­ȫȷڣٷ֮ٿ϶عǣǰĵ֮Уûκɡ
⡭
ȷüҿ
֮䶯ϸ˹ȥ
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ
û֮۵ľͣȻǲʲô
ȥʯ½һ¡

һ鼮Ժ
ʥӵԺʯʥԴ죬ʯںϹʥعǶɣѹԺռ䣬ȶ
鼮ϸݡ
Ȼ桭
üͷĸ
ͼݲ˵˵߹ǣȷ֮ڡ
ںǿߵĹǼܣȶԺռ䣬ȴû˿Ϣʼ벻ס
ʦ
ղʦ˳
Ŷձʥķ𾪣Щ񣬻£
æȭ
ǺˣǹǼܣ˵£Ū˵
޷һοʥҲ˺þãоһλʦվǰ֪ʶһ㣡
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ţ
ӦһͻȻסһ뷨ð˳ȻǼܱʥʯڣܵʥ˵ѹҲͱû취µ
֮ǰࡢָǻͷ­ӵԼǼܱڣӦòδԼҪɻ򵥲١
ӦģҲ鷳
Ҫɣͱٵ񣬶ٻԺпܱ
һԸ⿴ġ
ˣղʦ֪Ժй֮ĵطڴﵽ˰벽򾳣ûѧ򾳵ķ
Ժûֵطȴй֣̺ˣȱµĴУµԺѧԱУܹõʲôõʲôҪ컯ˣ
ղʦһЦ
֣
ǰ¼ԺĹﵽʥڻ۷弶𣬵ÿԺѧӣʲͬʺϵķҲͬЩˣԴﵽ۷壬ͬ޵УˣŪû߻ħǸƣǿưӡˢˣԽԽãʺԼ
ղʦ͵֣ѡĵطֻҪǽԺѧӣһѡĻᣬһʱѰңһѡ޷ģ
ԭˣ
ͷ
ְҵһЩʺЩ˲ʺϣҪѡ񣬶ӲĹ䡣
ʦʩ̣ҪʦҪÿ˵ĲͬʵĸĽѧѼ
ʦҪѧϰĻҿԴȥ
ףղʦ
лˣ
ʦͷ
ԺҲ֪˺˹ǼڣĿǰҪǣʵ
ؼȻҵ˽㣬ǾͿ϶׻ѹѰң羡ӵнµ

ղʦ·
һᣬһʯĵطԶԶȥĹء
ǹ֣ÿһʯһַתڵǰߵͷʺԼĹͻԶʺϵľֶٶ࣬ʵǿҲ޷ǿϰҪôʵӰ죬òʧ
ղʦһ䡣
Զ
Щ档
Լǵһ˵
ǰģ鼮ϼصģֻѧϰ
ǰֲ˹ͶԷ⣬һ飬ЩͻӦʺķԼϣﲻǿѧϰҲ޷öסݡҲΪ˷ֹ󱲵ѧԱ̰ð̰á
ղʦ
ȻԷǰʦ̫ˣ̲סѡ
֪ʦе߶Ҳ˵ѧ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ҽȥ
ô£ٲԥһ̧˽ȥ


1415 ʥ۷
ֻһ·඼ʯϸȥͼһЩСˣڱζĳָѧ
ЩС˵ĶǴһ㱡ϸ۲죬ʱڣʲô
Ҫоеͺȱݣٴο˹ȥ
ڤ澢񹦡
һ鼮Ժ
Щ򾳵ģһЩﵽ龳𶼼ߣΪܿ죬ӵг˵ս
ܽԺĶţЩģеţɧһʱĴڡ
һ߸пһǰ
ͼݣܿͻΪ֪ʶӣʮס
ܱȲ֮ܿľڰʦҲ϶ˡ
κһȥ¶޴ĺ䶯
ʥӵԺֻҪӦְҵﵽǼɣ̺ħְҵͬԹѧϰ㣬ͿԿʥӵؽ
нࡣ
ΪβͨѧԱҲȥѧϰʲǿѧϰǵյ˭ҲԤϵĽ
ͺһͶѵĺӣȻ븻ԣͥܳݳޣǵû洦мı׶ˣһ»ص㣬ѣ
һʱ䣬һ׹ϿһңԽйѼ
һЦ
﹦ӣܶʯУйߵ˵ԺѧӣղʦҪȫѧϰҲ
һĿ֮Զ¼ȱݶעԸⲻԸ⡣
ֻҪ룬ȫռΪԼĶ
ǰͣ¼
֣Ļֹۣǧ֮࣬ʱ䲻ߵ˾ͷ
ںϣ
һ
鼮ʶ򾳺龳Ĺ
һ飬ҡҡͷ
򾳵ĺͲ²һﵽ龳ȴмȱݣ鼮Ѽ
ʦôһϿɵĶûУ
ӹ߳һ쳣ûУղʦüͷ
ǰλ츳ʵﵽ˾޵ĵزôһϿɵĶûУһȦһ׹ûѧ
ûת
ЦЦ
ֻ㿴˳¼ؼδתϿҲ
˵Ǹ治ۣϿԼ
֣תֻܵõȱϿɣѧӸؼһȦʲôûκôġ
ղʦæ
޷ѾõҪģܹľңһ£Ӧûʵ
֪ͶˣԷҲ⣬ö˵
ңǱ߾һо󣬻Ի
ղʦһָ
֣ȻѧϰĵطȻͻƵĳ˵ͷת˹ȥ߽䡣
Ǹרĵطӳԣһ̽飬֤԰
һᣬ־԰ȫ˿һǿŴľƷʯȫȡ˳
ΪԽߣҲԽߣʮöƷʯ۷壬Ӧɹˡ
סʯ򾳵ĹؼԺлʣ˲֪ãһ

̰̾ӿľתȫ
꣡
ûãȻͻ˰벽򾳵ԭһ׵򣬼ٱܿʹﵽʮ׵ķΧ
ˣ򣬱ͨߵҲճأУѣס֮С
ܷΧֻʮף۷ǿ߶˿ˡ

֪棬ҲûʲôɾȵģһЦ˵ΪҲת£ӣԽԽǿ
򾳳ڣ
ڣ
򾳺ڣ
۷壡
ʱʵȻﵽʥ۷壬ͻƵأҲֻһ֮
Ϊͻƣﵽ50׵ķΧͨ۷ǿߵĶʮףǿһֹ
ˣԳɿռ䣬˵ʶУԶ׹۵ռ䣬ƾ⣬֪Ȼʥص龳򣬶˿ˡ
ڵʵ㲻÷֣ҲѹŴ
΢΢һЦƲ⡣
ʵﵽ۷壬龳ŴȻǶ֣ٴνսĻԿѹ
ٲ֮ǰôˡ
Ŵһ٣ڿ϶ûָټѾͻƵ໢ӦòԼ֣Ҳûʲôӹˡ
ƷʯȻԣһ󼶱𣬾Ȼֻ˰ö
ࡢŴЩˣĶľȣԶ󣬱Ϊʮöǿܹû뵽ֻ˰öȻͻƳɹ
߰Ͱʵվղʦüͷ
ѧԱ빦֣ȫתϿɣλã㿴˿ͱչȥˡ
ѲƲЩ
ѲɣѣʵתˣȴûõһȱϿɣ
ɻ̲סǰʯ˹ȥ
ſһۣͣ
ֻʯϵ̵ͼǼʲô侴ηĶһٲʾһʯĽɪɪҶ
ѹƣηǹʥѵλʦõ˹ʥ״
ͫһղʦȭͷ


1416 ȥż
ֵĹܶǿϸԴȫǻʥ˵ĴС
ˣһֹʥĹʯϵԶѹƣη
λʦתһȦ־ͱѲּķ
ˣſĹνѧϰֻǽ
ʦȻﵽֵز𣿡
Ʋ⣬˾η
λʦѧѧּĹҲͱʦпܴﵽ־磬ߡõʥĴС
һӴġ
ǧй¶ȥ
üëղʦԾ衣
²ģһҪúýǧҪ¶Ȼ˻һЩְҵ߷֣Σա
ھܴﵽʥأʵȴֻǰ벽ǼʦǣǳԽʥصĴڡ
ﵽʵ˵ܹõ֮Ĵ꣬õϴٴӡ
ΪȻǰٶ֣ǰжҲܱոɾٲκκۼ
ˣЩ꣬һֱϧôˣʥڶûﵽ
־磬һ㣬Ǿ޴ķԾٲǰˡ
֨ѽ
ڸпͼҵķ򿪣һӰ˳
ʦ㡭ʵ
תͷȥ۾̵ԲղʦһΣûֱˤ
ԷͽȥʱңôΪһ´Ӱ벽򾳣ֱӴﵽ۷ˣ
൱ڽһ󼶱δ̫˰ɣ
ͻƿЩԺ󣬿ܻԽԽ
⸱飬͡
㹻ʯȷ£ΪԽԽߣٶȣԱǰҪˣ˵Ҳƭ
ͻƿǺ£ҲҪעִ磬̫ˣ鸡
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һЩඥѪʵģܿ죬ʱھΪﵽ۷壬ҪΪЩ鸡üѡ
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ΪȻĵͷ
һ죿Ƥһ飬ղʦûˤ̲סʥع˶ã
벽򾳣ĶţҪѼʱȹ̣һʱͲ࡭ؼϻȻı飬ҪҪôˣ
ʥءʱЩ࣬Ŷʮ죬ҽʥӵĵͻƵĳϾ
һ£
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ٴλζˣղʦǡӿʼڣŻ˶೤ʱ䣿
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û뵽Էʣһ£ʮңһˣ
ҪǴԽСطʥӵһʱ䣬ܴﵽڵʵ
ʮ
һ룬;
ղʦͻȻܲǰλ˵
ʮ£ʥ۷塭ٶȣС˲֪٣һı飬ƺ̫ˡ
ҪҪ
ˣղʦʥصĹؼܷһЩҿ
Է룬
ȻΪﵽ۷壬鼮ûѼ龳ģʣöƷʯûͻˡ
Ҳš
ʥصĹּģûУ뿴ĻȥؿһѡؼĻᡭ
ղʦҡҡͷ
ʵʥصĹѾûʲôˣȻЯ
Ŷ˵ͷ
ȥһΣӶǷ棬ʵڲ˼ȥһˡ
ԷûУҲü׷ʣ˵ͻȻǰղʦüëһ󷭶УһѶġ
ʲô
һղʦüָһ㣬ݱø֣ңǡҪ㣡
ң
һ㶣˭
ղʦ
ü
ǵεˮĺˮǴӶԷѧġ
ϴν䱩һٺϢôͻȻҪԼҴѶղʦˣ
ȥɣš
ղʦ
ã
֪ԷĿģ޳ۿ鼮ڵĽΪһֱŸмȻҪȻƴǡ
˺ܿ뿪ԺȻվˮرߵһͤУ۾һæ˹
ʦ
һȭ˹
֪ǰʲô
ϣ䣬ʵ
⡭мҪ鷳㣡
ͣһᣬԴΣڡ
ʦɷȥһżң


1417 żҼ
żңĸżңס
ǻеڶżңȻʥŷеһǸ
ͣȥһˣϣʦͬһǰ
ңɶͷԣҹȥʲô
ֲżҵˣȥҲûʲôѽ
˵սŴøͷƵãֱ˼ϳôӢš
ġ
һ£ɫ΢ҺżҵνʥЩڣĺˣԷҵļѧҲʵѿΣԣϣʦܹҳ֡
Ҫûа취Բ鷳Է
ͬΪʦνʥʥӵй͹ڣΪϣԷص̳д֮λ˼ݣԼѧ֮䣬н
֮ǰΣһͿ
żҵˣ츳Ѫѧϰٶȣĵǿ̫ˡ
ѾʲôϣˣλȴżҵˣٴȼģƤ˹
ǰһȣѧ;֮һԶԶ硣
˼㽣˵ݣȥսλʥ
׹
Էļѧȷò֡
ǿлʦ֣Ҳһͷܣ˿ûС
սڵʵ϶ȥսĴˡ
ԴΡ
ԷûѧһУָ㣬ð䴫ˣȷЩ˼
⡭û뵽Ҫü֪λش
Ȼżҵ˺ܲˬȥһ٣ҲѵݹȥǱˡ
ǰ뱨ѩ޵Ļ԰޸ĺĽˣò˶ãӦûгЧûҪôżɡ
ûֱӾܾü
ԷķٵˣĴα㽫޸һЩˮǧᡣ
նԷ츳ʵֻҪͰӦò˶ãͻ̥ǵɱ䣬״ʦ
Ͼʥӵʱ価ܲȴ˲żҵˣѱԷ֪ʦѧˡ
ð䣬ҲҪԷŲС
ʦڵĽȷĪ⣬ѧϰǳˮǧѧϰĻȷܹž˵Ľֻʱ䲻ˣżҵļᣬʼһֲ֪Ҫȵ೤ʱˡ
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żҵļᣬжŶʱȥսĻǿĽֻ֡нЩȫܣʤԷ
͵ؼǣʢʤԷܶԴǵƣʧܡ
⡭ſ
Ҫ׵ĻܶȻѰõʱԷļպʲ
˶ڣһʤȻ棬һ֮ǰǷϡ
ȻҪʧܵĻҲɨأ޷Ŀܡ
ѺԼʵ̫ҵ
ҡҡͷͣһ£ǿڻؾ
Ȼżѿһֱ룬ʱȥսŽڶģӮȻϲޣһˣ޷Ŀܡ
ѣǣʵ̫ΪһòҪ֡

ܾЦ̫ˣҲԣͲ£ܾҲðˡ
ͶԷֻһ֮Եǵûʲô˼һָеĴ
˵ԷԼж
Դˣǵûб꣬󣬲ӦҲ
ǰҲûģʱ㣬ҿ԰ָһˮǧᣬ֣вһı֣
ЦЦ
⵹鷳ˣżҵļᣬһºٿ⣬ھҪϹȥûʱ䵢顭
ҡҡͷ
ȻҲǰλָѧʱȻ
ᣬһºڲڵģΪɶҪٿ᣿
档
֮ǰòž˵żҼ飬ڹڼ䣬ʮ£һºҲʮһ·ݳ껹һʱ䣬ʲô᣿
˵ЩʣżҽǰĿǰ
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ǰ
۾Ȼ
ǰҵСϲˣǵżҲ죬֮ǰ·ݾлģں˹ң
֪Ϣ˵˳
ꣿ
к¡һȭͷ


1418 žʦ
·ݵĻʮ³нӽ߸µʱȥ׼ĽٶȣΪʥӵӦòѣɡҵĻʱ䣬Щ̫ˣ
˵ҽؽ㣬żҾͿᡭѵôżҪȢȥ
̫Ҫ˰ɣ
ɫֻ࣬һŭؿڲͣȼգҪը
˵·ԼѾܳʱûôŭˡ
ô½һ壬˵ߵĸܣǿȢԷֱǿ죡
Щ棬˺ƤȻô޳ܣǾͱˡ
ʦ
Ҳղʦȫһ㶣
ʦľʮֳȻȫ̩ɽǰ治ģôͻȻ仯ô
û£
ĵķŭѹƣ۾𣬿˹ǰȥżңʲôʱߣ

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ãҺһ𣡡
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ǰλֽ⣬ͬνʥδǶ֣ԶֵĻȻܹһչ۷磬żҵ棬һѩЩĳ衣
ʦԸǰò㿴ʲôʱ
һȥһ£Ͼߣ

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һأͿǿӭ
үž㣬Ѿ˺óʱˡ

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žԴΡ
˵治֪
ðɣ˰֣һ·Сģ⣬ҲܻȥżңʲôϢԸҴѶ
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žǲ⡣
ţȥЩ飬ܻżֳЩ졭
һ䣬¶Էᣬŵİɣ£Ϊѵģ
˵䴫Ѷ˵Щѱ⡣
ʦﻰнĳɼָ㣬ûĶ飬˵ʥӵܻԴǣΪǣ
ɫأž˫дųϿҡ
˵ʵҪǰλ͵İ˵ʥӵīѡζ޷ͨ
ˣǰλͱС꣬˾塣
ˣ֮໥ӦõģԷθ
ҵȷʦѣҲ֪ĺԶѧʶʶǶ⣬㶼ҵʦʦΪѧ
žǰһ
ʵ˺þˡ
ΪܶԷָ㣬ӵ˰ʦ֮꣬뿪ҲͲס
Ϊѧ
û뵽Է˵ü


1419 ɱ
žָ˲٣һֱѣҪǣоһżҵѪû뵽λԴ۹ޱȵţһҪԼѧ
ǣ
žдųϿҡ
˶ǰλ˽ⲻ࣬Դ۹һ·֪Ĳ٣ѧ֣ΪսʦսӣѧΪٹѧԬΪԬš
ѧ֪Ĳ࣬ɳͿԺ䶯½ˣ
ѧҲˣؼʦ֮ĵڶλʦ
ʦ̫ϳʦ״
룬Ժɾ;ޣܳΪѧԺ죬ٲúһڼ壬һλûС
Ҳãڿʼҵڿѧ
һ£ͷ
λž츳ŴŷѪǿ֮ˣ̿࣬Ȼǰ;
״ˡ
״½뿪Ҳһĥʱͽ
лʦ
Ϊڿѧž΢΢ЩʧĿһݵڵء
ʦڿѧҲһνżҺģҪ
һ׹㾡ȡڻصżǰﵽ۷壡
ָһ㣬һ׹ԷԺԸ
žʵֻгϾ򾳻кܴһξ룬ǰָֻΪϵĴûڹԵڴھֻҪԴ㣬һңͻ󼶱Ӧòѡ
ΪԼѧ̫϶ǲеġ
۷壿
Ƥһ£žҧṼʦ
ΪԽԽȻԷԸˣ϶ܹɣǾƴҪ
¡
ûгɣĵ˵ͷԸ䣬ͻȻһҺһɫ鼮֡
֮᣿
óʱûͽˣˣⶫ
֮ᣬκϣɽʹնɱȥżңҲηˣ
ĶԷе£޵;֣
۾һȭͷ
ž뿪ʱ䲻˹
ڸۡ˿ַӡܵĿռ䣺˵¡㣬ɱһˡ
ɱˣ
ü
ΪԷлҪ˵ǹصģû뵽¡
ΪʦԽ£һű
ˣһ·ˣҲֻԯ˳֡
Ҳû취ɱ˴ˣҽ鷳
ҡҡͷ
Ҳ붯֣ɴԽˣͲò
Ϊ˼壬ҲΪá
ʲôˣӰ쵽ң

Һųƴ½ڶ壬ɱˣ鷳˭ô
ҪôǿʵҲɣ
õ£ϴκ˵֪һЩ
ڱڽ㣬Ѿؼˣ֮ǰ֮ӲʥأΪ뽫ϧûгɹ
ͷ
£Է֮ǰûϸ˵Ҳ³ˡ
֮Գ£ҪΪ˵ϲˣ
ŵϴΣҾͺ˵ϣ
ţûȷϢ𣿡
ü
ϴζԷϸ˵һû˵˿ŬʦҲ´ѹȸС
Ϣˣ뿪ʱ䣬ȥԴ۹һкԶʦѧԺĵط˺ܾãϣȥһ£ҵˣ

ԶѧԺ
һ飬ͫǲţòɱ˰ɣ
˵Ҫɱˣ˵ЩѲɶԷԼɱԼ
Ҫ˱ˡ
˲֪СǸϲ˵˭ʮģ
ԼԼѾΪˣҪɱˡôġ
Ǻֵܣֻ˵һ䣬׹
ĵ˵ͷ
ΪɶҪɱȻСϲģҪɱˣͲģ̲ס
ǰλڿ˵Լ谮ãϲˣҪɱ˲ɣ
ѵȫô
ѵԼӣ޸ǸֻװƣȴһֱֵĹƨСţ
ģ
ҡҡͷƺϾ˹͸ңӦӦɣֻҪˣɱˣһ㵽ңҲǸ֮λ
ϣ
ҡҡͷҲϡֻʣҪɱϲˣ֪֪һ֪϶һӵġ
֪Щû취
ۿһ죬
Ϊû취׷ԼҸͲ𣿷Ҫ޸żλ
ż
ǣҪ޸Сţûеڶ·ߣҧ


1420 νʥ
Ϊʲô
ɫ࣬ķŭ
֪ҸȴҪȥô½ڶ壬ֲżҵĸӹ϶Ҫ
˵ģҪ׶ҵү˵ǲ˼Ϣ
ǿð
Щ£ڵĵλݣ֪ңҲһ֪⣬̫
ŭЩĪˣҡҡͷֻ֪Ϊ׮£Ѿ̫ˣһܾң嶼пܳΣѡ
壿Ƥ
ѣ廹Σˣļٵģ
ҪҪôţ
Щ˰ɣ
ˣദôãƷҲ֪֪ףԺ˵һЩǣǣʵ̫Ϣ򣬺
Էӣ˵϶ɱˣһ£ʵżҺҵпܹϵ
ͷ͵
ⶫ֮ǰǿʦ£ѰʥҵԿףȻǣ
Ҫǣʦǿķ˵˺йأҲΪ
ǰϢҲǴӴϺͼһζԻ͵ģΣ
ҡҡͷ
ӣֺγԸ⣿
ҪǱƲѣ˵˿϶ҲԸģϾ츳Ժʵпܳ桭
ҪżΣ
ʲô
ǣżλСţ츳¡
ֿԼСô꣬Ψһһ츳ԺģҲֻǰλʦѡ
ˣңҲ޷ܾͬ޷ܾؼǣǣˣʦӦף£Ҳȥֲţֻܹ㣡
꣬࿴˹
⡭
˵
֪ԷΪѡ
Ԭ̺ˣԷϵܺܺãÿһǴĺˣ¹ϵҺżҵȻܰǡ
ֵΣûм屳ģҲֻԼˡ
ô
ٴοһڴ
Ǹʵ޷Ӧ
ҡͷ
㱳ǣٴǣٶ࡭Һθɣ
ƾʲôҸȥȫˣ
˵ԼնɱԼӦҲ
Ϊʲô
ǰλǰֻҪڣȻֱӴӦû뵽ȴܽˣüë
ΪʲôΪ£ҪȥһżңûʱȥԴ۹ȥѯ˵λûʱȥɱˣ
ͣһ£ջûݡ
ϣҲڶԷǰżңһߵ̬ڣ
ȥżңȥʲô
ü
żٿᣬǰϣܰսνʥĺ󱲣ѩޣ͡
λϹ֣֪ǵ£ȷżĺûᣬܲȥһ£Ȼ
֮䵽ʲô£ѵֻⲻͬ
Щ档
ǽˮףڷ͵ģνʥĽûȴԲµóӦĽȻͬ
ȻżҵĽҪѧϰҲᱻֱӸߡ
ʵûิӣ֪νʥƺŵ࿴
ҡͷ
ֻ֪λνʥżĿǰĴλСŵףڱʲôΪƺţ
ѲɣֽСΣ
ü
֣˵ʵЩ̫ŮԻˣȫżҼֵ
ȻΣννʥʵ̺˵֣ʥıУһˡ֣ӵдһΡ֣Ҳν˽ʥνʥϣ֮ǿʦܲĳǣҪɵ֣Կ
ͣͬʱ¶ŨŨ
ࡣ
ܳΪʦܲĳϣʵȻӦʥأǿߣΪ֮ɵֵȷǿ
ǰ˵ݺ½ܵУʦҲƳмӣ˽ʥ̳żҴ֮λõżĴУʵǿҲӾνʥٳ֣ö֮νʥͷȫ˽ʥϣνʥ֪ˣ

ΪҺӵܣЩţȴҲ֪ĺ
ԭˡͽǰкιϵѲɣܸ˽ʥĺܲң
ɻ
ǼĳԹӦòöԷʱ򣬳ȥɣ
ڳ˺Ƥ
ܣֹǰܡ
Ц֪Ϣûд󣬽ǰǡνʥķ׷ߣ


1421 й¶
׷ߡ
ס
ΪֻǸϵִû뵽ǣ˸顣
Ҳԡ
Ҳָֻܳ겻ˣͺ潫ȢߣżҵǸСţȻҲҪսԼʮ꣬꣬
˽һѾִ޳
ǰ˵ʵȷִŵģڶû䡭ˣ˵ˣȥżңȷҪ
ᡣ
նɱõˣڱУԷ£Ҳ󲻵á
ΪõԵʣżңһֱβ룬Ŭȥġ
ǰԣʵڲ˼ֻƴǡ
˵ͷٴοдѯʣҪɱλҵ˼żң
ʲôǲ֣żͬᶯ֣䱻֡
ҡͷ
óϲ˺λʵߵʦע˽֡
żһңŹġ
żҡ
۾ҧ
½һ塭ֱ̫޳ˣ
ǿȢҲˣҪɱˣֱ޷쵽˼㡣
£ϣܱܣҪȥ
Էܾ಻󣬵
İɣһϣ
˵ͷ˹ʵҾã£úСһ£Ȼ¡ùϵ֣
ţ
һ£˵ͷһῼǡ
Ҫñ㣬޷ϵ򣬿϶취
Ҿȸˣ
ٶ˵һݣֱĸۡ˹ȥ
뿪ҡҡͷҲ뿪Ժ䣬δסǵŵ
Ҫѯһ£Դ۹ΧڵһԶʦѧԺ
̨Ըһ
ԶʦѧԺֻԴ۹Сط֮ǰδע˿ʦֻ֣Գ֡
ԶʦѧԺԵȣȥ飡
ԱǸʮŮϳݣûҵҴҽ뷿䣬ʱ䲻һ鼮˹
ֻҪʦ϶ҪϱܲʥӵΪλҪѯĻҲҳܶϡ
ԶʦѧԺԴ۹ĺԶһȵ۹ΧڣǿߣҲʥһ۷塭
Ů
ʥһ۷壿
Ƥһ
õ۹Ҳδ̫ˡ
ѧԺǿҲּ𣬵λʲôܱϧ壬żԣ
ֻͼʦѧԺʦǺġŮЦЦ
λģϸϣ
ȻУǵͼﳬ˰ʥؼʥޣҪаң鼮ȡһŵͼһ£Ů
£̫Զ
˿
ʥӵңʥصʥ޶Ҫһ£طزŷɰ£̫Զˡ
ֻҪ죬Ӧܸżҳǰλҵնɱ
һᣬͼݳ׼ס˿뿪ͻȻһ£ת˹кԶʦѧԺΪϸѶϢ硭⼸Щʦܴ󣿡
ϲƳ籸λʵߣʦļҲߣ츳һ
˾ںԶѧԺֵطӦҲһͷŹâעġ
ΪϸϢҪϵȨ޲̽飬żȥ볤Ϲ
Ůͣһ£
ֻŵķԱ̫ϸѶϢֻܳϼܲ̽ûȨޡ
ͷ
ϲλ˭ǰ׼ҲͲôԶˡ
ԭص˲ʱһϾ͸ں˹
ƻͷλЩִͨ³ϲҵ
٣ԶѧԺʦҶһ飬һλܴģ
ǰȡһ鼮λϵ
ܴ˵
۾һæ˹
λʦڴǰһСһδʦãȫɹƻ˵ıնɱʮλߣߣֱնɱѫ
ǽΪ۹ѧΪѧԺԺ
Ͻܵ
һˡ
۾ȭͷ
óɹҲֻ棬ɹܹ˵ʣպ÷õ
⣬ӦϲǸ
֪ʲô֣ǲǻںԶѧԺ
̲ס˹
ģǻûȨȥ飬ҾҲǼǰݣ׼ȷʲô֣ǿԲ
Цҡҡͷ߼鼮ϸһۣüë𣺡λʦС



1422 㵱ֵܣȴã

ͫһ༱æĸţĸ
ţӵ
߽͵
ǡͬⲻܡкһ׻̲סɫס
֣λֵܣһģһһֲòͬһɣ
ദñ£Ͷδ׷ʹֻ֪żҵˣ״Ӻζ
ѲɣǴԴ۹ģ
Ҫˡ
Ѱҵλϲˣ񲻾ǰֵܣ
λദһĻĻԺ
һμ棬ֱѯʡáȻ󱻱һ٣ŶĺãΪΪԼ˸
ѲɣΪʶã
١
ɫ仯Щţ̲ס˹
û£ˣһ£ʥӵӢһλѧԱ
³һٴο
ʥӵѶϢ򵥲٣˭ģֱӿھǣ
ߵ
տѧԱ

ǺǣʵʣλʦǴԴ۹ģԶʦѧԺԺ
Ϊ˭֣Ц̲סпһССһ·ŸնʮѾ˰ʦλʦѾΪʥӵ˳ݵżˣղŽӴλСʵӵݵԸӡ
żСݣ
תͷȥȻղŽӴŮ֣ðǣˮƺ
ɶ񡭡
ȭͷָײУֻͷ˶Ҫըˡ
ʥӵһ£͹СôԣôδӴŮ֮飬УҲͺˡ
Ұ㵱ֵܣȴá
ؼǣװô޹軹ҪҪ
촽ͣ£ôһʼ͵Է
ӽңΪ˴ҿõϢգɱˡ
Щץɱڡ
֮ǰãɱõˣŭ֪˭ӵֶΣҲ̲סˡ
ϲˣȴװĺ޹һµӣһֱֵܡ
ֱܴ裡
ؼɵĽ鶼߶Էˡ
ѹһֱܾԼɱԼ˭ܽܣ
ԽԽͷƤҪը
ˣȥϣ˵ƻҪƻŵ
ǰ꣬һһ㣬ʱᱬըŵɫˣæתͷԸ
Ϊִ³ϣֻʥصʵǰλЩ࣬ҪӲֵס
ۺǰλĹ¼ټϴ˿ֱ飬Ҫ˵ƻûš
ǡ
˵ͷŮ뿪Ϳ಻֪ʱѾǰ۾죺㣬Ϊʲôλǿ
Ҫ˵ʵʥأҪ˵˧˦˶Էһ֣ʵ벻ͨŮΪλϲһ
ҡۣ
ܵϢѹȸУŮŵɫף̲סһ¿޳
ſǸŮ
ߴȡ
ҡ
ŻָĲġ
˵һݣԼȻſˡΪʲôƾʲô
ı飬β֪Щʲô
ôɷŮϲŽмˣ
㿴˼Ա΢Цԣܽк䲻ͣͳ鴤մӡ
ôôȣ
ˣھͽһɱˡ
֪ѯʶԷҲ˵Ȼҧһݣֱסȥ
Ȼ֪һﹴãǾͱŪ˵
ܿסڿУҲ̲סȣǰݷã
ͬף쳹Ժ䡣
࣬Ҫʲô
Žãһŭĺǳ⣬һӰ˹
ˮǧᣡ
ǧᡭô⣿
Ůһ㶣漴û˸ղŵơ
ҵʦ֮ѧգסۡûʲôɣ
ˮǧһ˵ûо겻ɢҵʦͱ֪ͨ壬㲻
ҡ
˵
ҫŮѣҺƯǴţʵʵ˵ֻλƯġŮѡûӦˣ
Ǳˣǰλ
Ȼʥˮңұȣ˺ܴһأͬΪʥӵѧԺǸ飬ǿϲǲϲҲû취
㵽ϲʲôģĲãҿԸġ
˵ι㣬ߣ̲סĿڡ
ô㣬ô˧Ϊβϲ
ϲʲôģˮǧһйâһ¶˳ݣϲˣҪ츳ʲô£һͨһͨһ죬ָҵȱݣҸĽ
ָ㽣ѵ
ͷƤը
ϲʦģ㡭
ˮǧ˰֣һĲм˰ɣ


1423 С
Һ㲻죡
ؿڷڣ˶ըˡ
Լ谮ãΪļһﹴҲˣϲôõŮ񣬾ȻҲмΡǿҵŭЩץˣ
ֵܣȴúϲˣǿ벻̣
ҹ
ҲͲסһȡ
࣬ʦʦ뿪ȥżңﵷң󷨡
һԽԽ֣вʦˮǧҲͲס
ɶ
ˣôģ
֮ǰڿ˵ֻҪԼϲˣͻȻ뿪ڵˣ˵ϲʦˣҫҪ֡
Ų󷨣
ٲҪﵷҵĻ⣬ýסԷԴͷ˵
õʦָ㣬ʦãȻԺ󷨵ķʽҴڡ
뿪ˣȥ׷
һʱ䣬Էп뿪ٲԥֱżҵķ͵س˹ȥ
񾭲ɡ
û뵽ҹֳܹô󶯾û˵ˣˮǧһ
û̵ļһԼϲŽмˣ
ϸ룬ʦ˵Ҳ̫
ţԼĸԣϲԸġ
֪ˮǧһĻգٷҹĴҲû˵ټ̲ͣסһѪ
֮ǰķŭż׷ϣʲôʱһžûҲֲס
ʥصǿߣҲһֱУϢġ
ο£ģˣû߻ħѾǸȹˡ
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ǡһƭǹúŮ񣬲ɱˣʵͷ֮ޡ
У֪ͨڣϵżҡ
һ뷨ð˳
ֻҪڣϲȥżң߱ȻԼ֣λʦҲܲ
УϸҪҺú佻ãҪֳìܣҪɱ
һͷۡ
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ǱˣãҵλС
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΢΢һЦŮ¶Ũҵš
飬ԿռѾﵽ˿ĵزϵ˲õķӡֻҪԸ⣬ȫȥۼ
ܴѶͺãպмҪ㡭
˿˵ͼǰŮ˹磬˵Сһֱܳңʮָм㣬պҲһ£ҪУӦ
˵޷ֻҪܹƴǣ
ͷ
ֻҪڣ˵һ飬ϵɽ»𺣣ü
Ҿ˵ˡ
һ£ŮӦ֪ˣѾϲˡڼѾ֮ǰȥĵط֪Щ϶ɱԣ㣬ȥܵ˺

Ϊʲô£⻰ֻؿٴιʱը

Ů˵ͷֻǸͨߣӦܵƽĴΪϲ⵽ɱ֮˵ƽ
пһ䣬˹дͿ󣺡磬Ҵ㣬ֻϣ¡
ҡ
ҧҪ˵ѾӦ˼壬ҪǼһɱˣͣ
ġ
ҴӦ㡭
ջǵ˵ͷ
Ҿ֪ãһӦҵ󣬶лˡ
Ц绨Ů¶ŨŨҸ
Ȼܹ㴫Ѷʱ䲻̫ãȻ鷳
ŮӰӻζ£ʱϨ
ȱæұϲˣǻûң׽ʲô֣־ʲôλá
ȻѾȷ˶Է˭ǻԼ׿˵
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ζ£дžᣬӰɢ
Ȼ׿ڳϣɫĿ£һ˻𣺡
Ҳ֪Ƿŭʲô˶Ҫըˡ
磡
֮ϣʥޱϵͻȻ˸磬ӣһãꡣ
ѵˣ̫ˣô鷳


1424 о
ʥӵһֱ磬ˣҲִ̫˰ɣ
Ҫ͵һЩȻ֪кܶϲ϶᲻˵ġ
ͷип
˵ʵȷǰ͵ˣҲʹ˸ʦ¥ѡ
Ȼ֡ʦ¥Ժʥڻ
϶ͱˡ
͵ۡ
üġ
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ҲãȽϷҫƷʡ
ôã֪˵͵Ҫԣɲôϲװơ
пһᣬһһƳģͷ˹ȥ
ʥö
֮ǰΪʦһӡ⿪ˣֻǵʱûʱϸڸպпգϸоһ¡
ʱĵɢĹâһ̸еһ˹ԭزȴһĿռڡ

ʥǰϴŵ΢Ц
ôΪʦĽٶȣҵԤϣ
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Һֻ׹̫ˣɻͫԸҽһ£
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ͫҲʦ̹ʥطôУʥﲻ˵Ҹͣ
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λʥӦòʥߵܹģǰλԣ֮ǰԷ̸ݡ
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ʥΪʦͽӦ˵λ˴ۡ
㡭֪ˣʥƤٴζ
㽫عǷӡʯڣһϢɢ

⡭
˵ĺû˿Ʋ⣬ʥͣһ£ȻѾҲ޷ǵȷǺ˴۵عǣҷֵʱѾԼΪ˷ֹŽסʦѹ
ʦ
ţԺպôγ󷨵ĺģӵпʦױʣټ˲¡˵عǾǿҲᱻѹƵһ㷴ûУ
ʥ
˵ԺλúλԺйһ飬Ȼ֣Ժʥӵһ󷨺ġ
ѹŨʺѧϰĻΧ
˴۵ͿʦսʵѳԽ˹ʥҿԿģҪѹƣ临Ҳְֻ취
ҡҡͷʥɻĿعǣʯڣϢǱѹƵ˿֮۲ؾ磬οģ
ô֮۵򣬶ǰλ£ûǼܣǰλ⿴ȷϣôģ
ҲǻԵɺϡ
͡
ƾʵ϶ѹס֮ᣬⶫǣͼݣԷһҲûҪ˵
οҾ㣬ǧҪȥȻﵽʥأδܹ⡭
Ը˵ʥٶʣǽһ䡣
аսعѱΪأɷܽȡ

ӵ֮ᣬԼ˵ʹԣо԰գعշֻǲ֪νܲӰԺ͵ˡ
ѱ
⻰ʥһ£漴ҡͷѱˣʲôЦʦû£ܹɣ


1425 ˭
ʥţǸɡ
Ŀʦλ˴ס޷ߣɴǿһĩѧΪҲ۷壬ЩֶҲɣ
㲻ţ
⸱飬һЦ
˵»صһǧϷ䳲ٴνƼһץ
¡
һ޴Դڷ䳲ڲڿУɢ˵Ϣ
ˡ
˵
⡢⡭
һһζʥû
ѹˣ֪һͽṹǰ޴ͷ­칤ط죬Ǻˣû˿ɡ
Ϲʱڣסʦ¶Ѳѱĺ˴ۣȻһһΪ
ѾѱࡢָǺͷ­Ѽ֣ȻعǱӡƽķҺһˡ
ЦЦ
ܴӶԷе֪ȡعǵķøƻˡ
һ㶼ϲƻֻ͵
⡭ܣʥƺûлָ𲻶ʱϨ
ǰȻ㶼ϵãȻ֪û˵ٻʲôܲܵģ
ǿߣ̬ȣҡҡͷ
ʦͽһʶûУ
ǰ󱻷ֽһ飬ʵǺǿģԼոҲʲô
֪˶ãʥŻָһЦȻѱعǽҲ޷ֻƽӡʮָӡ
Ըꡭ
۾һæȭ
عÿռطӡѾںϣҪƽ⣬뽫ƻ
ڽͣʥ鲻ԽĻζһ£û˵꣬ٴΡһԭʧ
̫ܵѾ˳ܵķΧҲܲסˡ
㡭
ץ
Ⱥʥô£
һôף
ʦ˵һʧʥ˵һʧһҲһֱʧ
棬˼
ˡ
ƣ֪һһʧŭҲûãֻüģǰĵ˹ȥ
ƿһӡøӹ󣬱沨ʣʾǿ
ǡƷʥ
ָ渧һ飬۾Ź⡣
Ȼȷⶫʲô𣬵е齣Ҫǿ̫ˡ
߶߱Ȼᵱ۶ϡ룬Ҳ֪ƣǳƷʥı
Ҳ֪ǷӡԵʣԭ򣬾ܼܸߣƲûԣֻǼӲͷ޷
ˣҲܿˡ
ƷʥһʩչʥضҪܷâʹõõĻ޶նɱ
ǴʥӵݵıȻͬѰ
֪⿪ڶӡʲôı仯
һӡ˾ϲˣ治֪ڶﵽʲô
ߺʥԻϸоʥӵڵĴͣҫŹâһ󼱴ٵͣ졣
ô£
ղʦϵ˼Ҵҳ˹
ʥӵȨû˸ҹң׷ʲô£ֱ仯
񡭡
һλϺ˳
ˢˢȥȻм乩񣬲ͣζҵǴɢġ
ζ𾪣ʲô£
ſϲš
ʥӵÿһλĵΪ߾֮ʿ۹⻹Ǽʶﵽ˴½۷壬ô𾪣ˢˢ죿
δ̫˼ˡ
Ӧǡˣ
뵽ʲôɫһףղʦѹ
֣˼ʥӵҪһλĵ
೤ˢˢ
ֻеƿأȻⶫ֣˵ĵҲѾˡ
ӦʥѡĵңλƽķӡȻôĶ
ղʦͷ
Ϊӵۣ֮˭
ȫǼһɫǺ졣
ÿʥӵʵͻͽ˸ٷչʱʱ򣬳һλǵҲмĺô
û׼֮ǰǲݵġ
ɫأղʦ˰֡
ʽ̳֮ǰһݣǹ涨ҲһֱֶΣλѾϣɶԷûй¶ݣҲ̫
ȥ˭ͻʥأ߳Ϊʦ
Ƭ̺ղʦԸһ䡣
Ϊƽļ֪һЩġ
ã
һλ˳ȥʱ䲻Ҵ˹ǲ֮ɫ
ղʦʦǸѧ󡭡ʦ¥ͨ


1426 Ϊʥ
Ҳʦ¥
һȻղʦ˵
ʦ¥һҲ˴⼸ôˣһȫɹ
˶೤ʱ䣿
һλ̲סʵ
ʦһң˶ã
һ졭
˵ĳϽ͵
һʱ䣬̫죬ҲϾˣճΪʦλ𶯣᲻εĵ
ղʦƲ
пܣ
೤ͬʱͷ
ʦܴصٶȺܿ죬֮󣬲ûκαʣλ󣬸ճΪʦ˱仯ѲɡѾõʥϿɣΪ˵Ψһѡˣ
λ󣬿϶ҪʦܲģôȷΪѡˣ
Ͳ֪ˣʥԶʥߣհԶǿ飡
˵ʵʱ֣ҾʦĿԸ󣡾˵Ƿʦ֣һԽͨʵ̫ˣ
ѡӵۣ֮ʦ˫С˿ɡûһȻ
⵹ǡ
۷׷ףüͷ
Ҫеѡˣʦͷпܣ˭Ҳȷϣ󲿷˶
ʮ֮˾ǷʦӦԺҪȥʦλġ
һᣬ˭ò⣬ղʦڵˣȻѾȷ˵ѡˣ£κ˶ҪȥԺԴλδĵκεκ󣬶㡭
ǣ
ͬʱͷտڲԡ

ʥӵżҵľԶǽ޳裬ɹȥҲҪӽһ¡
еģоʼΪ
ҹ۷ʵȹ̣´һԪžÿ
漴ͽ۽ࡣ
λƣַ˶ʮ졣
дʱ䣬͵żˡ
·ɽȷһλãǼ
󣬾ͿһѩǰܣǸһϲװƵνʥڽ£붼Ǽ
ԷᣬǾȥս᲻ƻʦеġ񡯣

ȻѵһżңϾʦ»Ҫзִ磬Ϊ
ʵȥս룬żΪ½һ壬ʢᣬȻܳûѵʲ
ߵ
ҪǶԷ롣
ĿΪչʾżҵǿ
֮ǰֻܱΪԷĵʯʦλĳţԷĺ󱲣Σ
ܱȵɣ
룿ɻ
ǰżҾϲÿһμᣬܶˣңħѱޡְܶҵӵ룬Ӧǰ˵ǹʵ˽иֱԡ
ȻǲҲɸпΪ͹żҵȴҲòȷǿʱͬεߣܹʤżŵģȷʵ࣡
ְҵ
һ㶣漴𵱳̺Ļ
λСųʱ򣬺Ҳ˲ְҵǰʦС
ϴżҵļᣬ20ǰλСŵϣʱҵļѧȫһ֮֡
𵱳һĻɬ
νʥ״һһͽѧûл֮ȫޡ
ˣЩ꣬һֱ˿޴й
ҪλʦⱲӶָܹѩˡ
Сŵ񡭡ˣȻμǴδᣬɼСţ
Щ棬̲ס
ȻȻճãȴһֹ֮⣬̺ͬش㿴һۣͻõĲȣ磡
ʮǰһĻĸпò˵˽ʥһԽⲻҲĻһδ츳ĺӡ
һճĺӡʲô츳˵Щ˰ɣ
ɫ̫ÿ
һ϶ˣôһζûֹ
żҲտڲԣĪ
ţ
ҡͷһ㶼ţ
Ŷ
˵ʵȻ㲻ţ㣬ɼʥߣ

ʥߣüǲ⡣
һʹﵽʥ򼶱Ϊʥ
ͷ
ʥߣ⡭ôܣ
ͫһ
Ϊʥ򣬻˲֪ѪŬķ˴ʱ䣬ԷһͳΪʥߣ⡭ôܣ
δ˵ܹ
أҲﲻɣ
ǰҵһοҲòţʵˡ
пһͻȻʲôˣϸ룬λСŵò㵹мơ


1427 
ң
һ㶣漴Цôܣ
ˣûżѪҲͱżҵˡ
˵żţôû˹
ŴŷˣҲû˲쳣
οԷΪʥԼΪôͣûɱԣ
츳Σ
ҺأԻĶԷ
Ҳòܣü̬֮ȷЩƣȻҲʱ̫ˣЩǲסˡȻʧЦҡҡͷ
СţʣȻܵܵıô⣬һɢޣ
żҵӶ¿ˣ򣬾ܡ
ͽʥޱۣƵżңһӰٷ˹⡣
ʦºһΧżҼ
Ӱȭ
ǱˣǺǿһʦˣʹһΧ
˿̵֪˶ã˶ЩƣϢҲЩȹ̡
뿪ʥӵ󣬲δȥʦżңϸѾڿнӽһˡ
Եȣ
ŷҵҴ˽ȥʱ䲻ٴ߳ǰ룡
ţ
ں߽Ժ䣬ʱ䲻һķ䡣
ڣһλϣϴƣ֮⣬ƣ֣þò
ʥ
£һΧȭ
ǾǶʦΪҲߵףǰλǰǲװ
˵ʵͲԿġ
ÿ
˰˰֡
ѯһ£Ǽүȥ򣬰ǰҷֿ˵Ҫżң֪ɷ⣿
һΧ̧ͷ
ʦȷˣڱչأҲϵϡ
˵
չأ
׹һΧ¶֮ɫƺʲôҪ˵ֲ֪ò˵
ôˣʲôµ˵޷
뷨üʵ
ġҷһλʮҵţڡ¹ġ̥
ͣһ£һΧҧ
µĶ
͵վ岻ͣЩţȷ
µĶѾô꣬ұĥĺˣǿϳ
һΧͷ
ʲô֣ʲôط
Ǽ˼æʧȥ֮ǰĳȣЩ١
ʥӵ
һΧ
Ȼԣš
ü漴뵽ʲô˷ܺͼһǵģȥ˵Ҫ
Ըһû˵꣬漴ͣˣԹȥ
˵ţλȡһѶһݹȥʱ䲻һ긾˼Ҵҷ˹
Ȼᣬò˶Կʱһزز˶˿
ϵϢͬһϵĳʱգȥ
νʥ櫡
Ϣˣġ
ۿ죬νʥ˹ƺǵģĵٴγɿա
˵ʥӵһλʮҵţӵµ̥
һָǰĶʦ
νʥæ
ˣ˵ǧȷ
æһΧ֮ǰ˵飬ϸ˵һ顣
϶
ζһ£νʥҪæ̧ͷǰɷ򣺡Ҫȥʥӵȥȥ
ȻҪȥ
˵ͷ
ϾҪٿλڣ
νʥ
ѾΪ帶ˣô꣬òȷϢ˭ҹȥͺԣΪУ
һڣ¶ǿϢ
һ⣬ƺʱ𣬰
ǰѾΪ帶ˡôˣҲ֪úòãûа
νʥ
߰ɣ
ӿ˴һӡ
¡
һһͷʥ޳ǰһΣޱνʥ
֣ղ˵Ǽ£ϣҪκˣ⣬Ƿ޵ȥҲϣܹܣ
վޱ˱ȭ
ʥģ£Ҷһֶ⴫
һΧæͷ
֪Ҫй¶ȥȻ̴Ӧ㶼ԥ
Ǿͺã˵λҪҵģضм
һ£ٴο⣬ʦżȫõģסžǣѾѶһؾͻ㣡
лʥ
һΧٴαȭ
ţ
ٶ˵˽һ㡣

µʥƿն𣬱ֱշ˹ȥʥӵ
еʱ䲻Ϳһʥޣӭ
ǽƹʥޣ
˳üëһ塣


1428 
ִ̫ˣһ棬ʱ䣬ֻȥλƵаɣ
νʥͷ
ã
Ҳ֪λϣȻ¹ˣ˵˵ͷһ̤
ʥټ
ţ
ʥʧڵĽü
ôˣ

û˻᲻ͣͷʶˣδǰƲʥޡ
һͷ߼ʥ޷ˡû£ӦûǣȻ鷳ˣ
ҡҡͷ
νʥΪżҼʥ޲Ψһѡһõĳ˫Զټ϶Ŀ죬δޱϵ˭ȴʮȷϣͷʥޣԶµƹʥޡ
𳬹ȴתߣӦû֣ȻǱȻҪһս
ΪﵽʥѾԷУη׹ˤˣڿ볬ʥ޶ԿǲռκƣСģ;Сġ
Ǿͺá
Ҳ㣬˿
żҾѾԶˣӿٶȣӦðҾܵ
ȥλûǵʥޣٴȷһڵλãЦ
ҪҺżҵ˱Ƚ֪żҿЩ˾ηţ⣿
˹
֪֪ˣսӵоţԷͬȽȡ裬ҪСΪãȻǵû˼ұѩޣ˴ͷʲôʸȥλСţȥȢأ
ԣȥżңĿֻһ
κβ
λһֱֵСų֣ҲҪ֪Լ
żĿǰԽĽС㣬νʥָϴιңһ۷ֱ֣Ӹ˳ȥ

㣿ͷ
ˮǧ˵һΣҲóǰλƢЩŹֵĽۡ
ԭżλжԹŲ˸߰ˣǱ׽
һ֣˽˵ĽҲνˮķʣµĻֱ֣ǣٶԼգ
˵ɫء
գ
⡣
ٶȣ⣬աʲô
ʲôҲֻ֪˵˵Ŀʦﵽ־磬һУٶȲ죬ǿҲȫ©ɡȴӶֵɽ
ͣվǲڣգںϴµĲ־磬Ӧںʣµ⣬ġֻǣһ⣬Ҫһľĸ˿ʦĿǰûܹ
Ŷͷ
⣬ڽϣǰλͣԷ˵ĺȴҲܿ׹
⣬ϴĽĽ۷壬кܴ룬աӦǾһ־硣
żǡٶȡʩչٶȻü죬ûʱ䣬ԣΪ¡
ŵ
ٶȣ
ɫء
żѪԲٿʱ䣬ȷ
ٶȡӦѪ츳йء
书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ƣ
죬ԶսеĴɱ
һƺǿףʩչʱҪʱҪٶȼ죬Լʱ䣬ҪʤҲܡ
ǰǵĽٶȿĳԽʱ䣬ˮ⣬ֲ˶ãͻᱻ̴ټϹȲ϶Էٶȣԡαԣҵѧˣ
ҡͷ
֪Էĸڣ֪ôȥ˵ȴҲý취
˵޷ʤ
ü
㶼û취Ҿ㽣ǿһЩҲʤɣ
ʤȷѣȴҲûа취⣬ˡա˽֮⣬ĸ˵ģٶȿ죬ⲻ㣬˵ˮ⣬ƽѷ

ɻ
ղŻãҪʱ䣬Է϶ôڶԷкˣ
ǵԣ
ƽʱսô˿ȴЩͿЦˮ⣬ʩչܵ˶ã˵ֻҪ㹻ˣֻҪʱ䣬Ϳó˵ľУԾԵĽѹ
һֶΣһھǰõģ
⡭
ŴͣȻʧЦ
ȷղһֱֿʹãû뵽㡣
һͬն
ˮѹ
һʮᡭԷٶȿ죬⣬ھǰһû취ʧȥã
ʱ
мɣûͬȻ
ͺڵ۹ǰٱQҲûһ̫󣬲ǳһǿߣֲġ


1429 żҵˣ
ԣʱżҵ˶սˮȻٽзϣ㣬ҲǶ֣׻ܣ
ŵ
Կżҵˣǰλԡ
ֽ⣬ԽȻ֪٣ֻҪ໥ϣֲͬĽԿ޵У
νʥǿͬҲԿ⣬ĺ޻֮һ
ǡԷҲǰλһ⣡
Ȼֻżȥʥӵѧϰţһǿģ֮һСģĪУ
˵⣬ɫλСţڣû֪һϢµĲμп֣ܳ޵е̬ˣ
Сţ
ǰһżҼᣬ£ǿ󣬶ʮһֱûѶһżҹأĿľΪڣһˣ˶֪жǿ

ȭͷ۾
Է˵Ĳ
ż޳ܵԣ£ܸɵó
Ū飬˵һЩǶǣͷԵĻʵȴһҪĹͷ
Ϊʥ˵ʵûѹǼٵġ
ϾûӵԶʵˣԷżңԴټ츳˭֪Ȼﵽ˺־磿
ʵҲҪţܸҲʲôΪʥĿʦûȲϣû˻˵
ɫԣοһ䡣
οãһοɫѿ
ǸֻװƵļһ
Σ
ǰ龳ԽԽã
ɫ粻ҧ
ʥ򾳹˶ʮ죬ȻλСżп֣ܳҲ취ͻˣ
ȻԷôʲôʸ񣬽ѵԷ
龳Ĺֻһµġ
֪ǰλϲİã⣬һȡһᣬ˹
л
ֽӹԺ
ȷһ龳𼫸ߣ̺⣬ӦĶ
һ֮ǰѼĹںһ
һȱݡ
۾һ
֮ǰѾѼ龳ˣһ𣬾Ѿγм覴ãɡ
ڣں׷Ȼֻʣһ
ϸоһ£һβ䣬ٴ𣺡ˣ㲻ѧݹżҽͬʦֵݣ
ʦ̧֣ͷ
۲졮֣ѧˮҶȻûʸƺʦֱ˵ͬʦ֣Ҳ¶ڣ

ԼԷԽߣðѧԲʡ
Է򡰽֣ѧˮڵõĴУͬͬԴҪ̣ƺ֡
Է˼˵ͷ
ʲôݶ˵ҪֻҪܽѵżҵˣݶ޷
ãһɣһżңûôˣ
ýĽ꣬
˵ͷٶ˵۾ʼ״̬
֪˶ãͻȻһ漴еһǿѹȸдӿϯæ۾漴һ𣺡ǰѣ֪ǰǼǡ
͸ǰȥ漴ߣվʥ޼ϣȭվ
ԶԶȥ֪˵жǿʵֻ֪ʥһϢܣ޷
ʥӵǰҵ
һһöֱǰ˳ȥһߵġ
ԭʥʧˣ롭
ͷһۣæ
ͣ
ͷµʥޣ
ڿУǰȥ漴һ޴ĳǰ
Уɽγ֮ƣָܲ绢̣ӲĻ˵ʥأأľʦԽ롣
żֽǣ󷨣ǵżֲã⼸λеĳϣΪӭͣʵչʾʵˣַ

ͷ
⼸ܵ󷨣ȷһ֣ƿش֮УʵԲģܶó֣оͻ޷ͷ
ͷһԺ
ôļƣ治֪˭߳ġ
һ̧ͷǰܲĴ˹ȥ
ǿͣΪˣֿĻӭȻǲá
ȻˣǾǵж
۾𣬿ǰĴ̲סͺ
ȱݣ

һ鼮Ժ


1430 
󣬾ż󷨣ʦöɣʥԴ룬󷨾ۼγ֮ƣˣҲȱݣһļ󣻵ڶģͻά֣䣬ȴҲܵӰ죻
󷨵ϢȱݣԺ
һʮߴȱݡ
ż󷨣ѾӵԣѹֲܺһʱƣǿȱݣҲһ˿ԲƳġ
ּ󷨣ھż֮УϿǰ
֪һףжǿ
ûǼ鼮ǰǱ仯
оһ¡
ϸоͼղ˵ߣǰ˫ֱȭ
λ뽫ָģǻᵱӡ򿪣Ҳ鿴뿪ʱ̹黹
ָ
ü
ⶫδ뿪Լûżң佻δ̫ԵЩ
żҵĹ涨Ҫ󷨣ҪԼĶ档ģżӵҪκƷֻҪϤһ¾Ϳʹã뵣ģ
ߵ˵ͷ
ⲢżҶµĹأһЩʥأҲƵԼֻҪˣͱ뽫ָȡ£Լ彣޷ȥ
ɫãԼĽָȡһͣԷģͷ
֪ء
żңһЩʥأʦܲǰҲҪָȡ
һأҲڶžΣóֱʡ
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1431 黢
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1433 ǲ
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1434 ¿ʦ
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۲һᣬⳤ˿ãǳ
δ䣬漴ĪͷҲһƣΣñһ㣬Դ׸ǡ
㡢㡭
촽£˵
ֻԪ񹥻һԣһӴͷֿôҲˣ
Ҳ֪ô¡
£ĪҲҪˡ
ԣҪֻҪԪѹɣʮּ򵥣ô£
ô˭֣˭壿
ץ񣬲֪ǺãͼղͷϵƣͻȻһ£ӭζһԣȻʲôҪæ𣿡
ⳤϡ
Īϡ
޳


1436 
˲֪ãŽͷϵȫնλʦٴοԶʯһɫ¡
һϣյĺԷõûȱһ㣬óֶΣԶ
Ƕ֪ôˡ
ɻа취
˽ӽʱһʯԶûٵ޳Ҳ̲ס
⡭
һΣⳤɫǵ͸죺ϣҵȲѧǳʵûа취֪Щ׳λʦ֣֮
ǡʥӵһλ֣
޳

һۣⳤϡĪϸ¶ã
۷ʦ֪һЩδְ
ҡ֣ʲô
ķѧϰĽȻͬҶΪϿɷǼˣҪҲֻԼ
Ƭ̣ⳤϵ
ǰЩʯû˿취ӣֻöԷԳ֡
ԷĻüġ
żңȻһ鷳ȥ˵ġ
ʯܣ鷳
棬·
پᣬһڡ
泤Ҳ֪ԣڶ˵Ҵǰȥ
ϽϣĪϡⳤͣһ£˹
Ҳ뿴λʦôǿ󣬾Ƕûκΰ취
ʦ潣սס˱
泤Ͻܡ
ÿǰżҵĿ˲еսеİݷáΪ˸õ֣Щ˷ֳ˲ͬ࣬סĵҲͬ
ͼ˽ԹսǽȻס˱Ե
ﶼǰսĸ֣似ǹȭֶǿ
ȻҲְҵ۷ǿߡ
ȥս磡
磿żλһŮ黭ʦ
ǰѧ棬꾪裬ʮƷʮ飬ʮ꣬ȻƻõƷ黭ʦܲĻ᳤޲ڣΪǧ黭һĳţҲˣ١ҲǿżҶҵ֮ġ˭ô۾ȥս
Ҳ֪ӦǸһλˣСĻȥһۣ˵ĺѶԷŷŭҪս

˵̫ҪָԷ黭һţżĲŮȻˡ
ǰУΧ۷׷ס
ȥ
ιģû뵽û£ܵˡ
ȺһᣬȻһ㳡ҵŶͷվڲԶ֪Щʲô磬͸죬˶ͣ
ұ黭
Ƥ̧𣺡עʲôûעҲС䶯֣
ŮƷΪϸ꣬סʧ
ԷܹƻõƷȷ䣬֪ʶѷ⾳棬ԵʮɣΪ´ǿ˵ζ
ͺǰʫʣ߸ͬܣʵŷ˹ǧò˥ƾȥд⾳ϣЩ
ˣ͵Ը񣬿϶ö˵ȻżҵţҪˡ
ǹµģԽԽá
㡭
Ŀ޲ɱˡ
ǰλֱ̫ˣ˵黭ײ൹ҲˣС䡭磬黭ʦᣬҲ֪㡭ĸУ
ûעԡܲܲҪôװƣ
עͶע⸱̤ѩͼȥ궬쳣ֻҪʤң͸㣡
Ķ£Է˼Ӧ϶ܾһһǰ
򿪣ѩˣƺһᣬͻĽС
ȡΧһ󾪺һĽ
罫óˣ
޳ź롣
ǰϲģһֱ黭ʦΪʦ˳ʮöƷʯûۣ
泤Ҳ˵ͷ
ǰ״̬µƷ֪ܳһ̫ڳϣĶ࣬û뵽ȻóעһĲᡣ
湻Сģ
ΪԷóʲôעû뵽ֻǷʧֵͼƷͲҪóˣöˡɣˣһöƷʯͺã
һöʯ
һΣݿҪҧ飺ȷ
ţ
һȻ
˵ôģȻʯˣѡҪ㶼Իûʲô


1437 
һöһöҲҪֻҪǸͺá
ǰһԼƷ׶󣬶͹Ȼ˵Ĳã
Ǹڵģ
ҡҡͷԡһδҪȾͿɣһ£
ã
ٺ˼£Ƶѹסſ˹޵һ޵ڶͬ黭ҪֱûϾÿ˵ĸй١òͬеĽҲȫһΪ˹ƽһȷĵȼӣƫ
һһԲεĹͭģϿա

֡
黭ʦᴴʼˣʦܹ黭α͵ȼֻǸƷǵ黭ȫ㹻ˣ
Ҳ֪Ӳá
ǵ黭ʦᴴʼֻҪ黭Ʒ̽飬ȷȼı϶˹ᣬǺָƶɣ黭ȴҲ˿
ɷҿһ£
˹

֪ԷȻһҲ˵һ˹
ָ뾵һ˻ȥˣԿʼ𣿡
г鼮һգ۹򣬾֪ӵȷܹ黭Ҳûʲôɵˡ
Ϳˣ
һ㶡
ղŻ֪ûǰ˵ˡЦأ
ǰľ黭ʦʦƶɣͨӨʯвʮߵƣ̺еԣǰ黭ĸȷϵȼȷʣ˽
˵ͷ
㡭ô֪
۾Բһ
öƳһֱ黭ʦᣬᣬ֪սʦ
Ѫ֪ЩѶϢǰλֻһۣûõ˵˳
ʦҲɣ
ŶҸպǸʦⶫһۣҲϳˡ
Ҳͣ˰֡
һͷˮ
ûһ˵ˡƭأ
֪ʱǾʱһһŰֽǰϡ
Űֽ֮ǰֽͬͨף⻬ƺͨī֭մȥ
ǡֽʥ޵Ѫʯɣ겻ɫÿһŶֵơ
Ⱥ޳˵ͷ
黭ʦֽźʿĳһԽߣĻҲ⾳Խ
ֽ黭磬ʮΪͣǾ黭ʦûмţóαԣȻʮӡ
Ӧ󷨱Ϣ˶УԷǡ˵ĻãŽⷢӣҪ
һ޳׹
żػڵ󷨣λƻʱǰʹˣֻҪһӦȫ֪
ȻǸŮӣʶʮأȻǲãŹҽڣöԷ֪ɽɽ죡
ȻĻǿͷüһŮô⣬ƫеǰλֳìܣ
뵽⣬鲻Խܿ˹ȥһ£̲סҡҡͷ
ǼڣλҪùˡ
泤ϿĶ֪Щʲôѹ
ǺǣҲãһ֪żҵ̫š
޳ͷ
һļλˣϵķȷ
һȥսҲ˵ʲô

ĶԻǰ磬ٴһһëʳ֡
ǡʥʡβëɡ̶ȣԶֽ
һóǼһҪùˣ
ɲһ֪黭ôǿҽս˵黭Ͽ϶Ҳǲиı
⵹ǡ
ëʵӣһۡ
ܱżģһ׿Խ黭ʦƫţëʣȫ˵ġ
ʥ½϶ˡ
ϣɲˣҲ䣡
ٴνīˮȡ˱ʣָһһָԺм䣬ʼգð㡣
ȻǱԣȻҪ涨ʱ䣬Ȼ㻭˰ʱԷʮꡭЧôͬ
ã
Ӧһ
ȼյٶȣò˰ʱͻĴʱ䣬Щˡ
ǾͿʼɡ
ͬ⣬˵ϻëֽϣһ㣬һ̸ֳҫĿĹâ


1438 Ҫ
ǡѩַ
˵ǵʦ۲ǻֶΣѩצתַ⾳ԶûݣȻǣ
ַܹѧģ޼û뵽Ůѧᣬʩչ˳αԣ϶Ӯˣ
ӣֻҪ黭ǣܹʤ

һȻ
λżҵһŮһ֣ëʡֽšīַ֭ľиɻ˾̾

Ҳͷ
Ϊ黭ʦܵˣǿȻԿǰŮȷ׶Ը
𵱳ʦ¥λʥӣֻǿ
ʥӵܼ˴½ţҲеʥӣһµһ
ͺʦŷ壬Ȼʥӣ֮˫Ҫλ½ܲӱȣвġȻԷҲæˡ
ͬ
ʥӵλʥӣ黭ϺǿƺԶǰλ

ëڿл裬һܣˣһ㣬Ƶķֺֽϵÿһÿһī֭ɢ˳Ĺâһۿȥ׹У޷԰Ρ
ʦôˣҲ㿪ʼɣȻҪˡ
ڹ۲죬һż
תͷȥͼŶͷΡ
Ȳż
һǰĳ㣬ʱ仹ãҡҡͷ
ʮּ򵥣һʮɣûҪ׷ϡ
֪ǰλʦ¥ʤ黭ʦʥӣ黭һʮǿ󣬽ٶ˵εĿżͺáȿȣʦܲܺ£
ʦܵ˵޷
ͷ
ġڴǽܲܲҪŪְҵˡ
ͣһ£
˵ʵЩڣһˣ
ǱȽģóĸֻûȽ˼ŪȻŪԺӶʯ񡭡Ҫ˱黭
󷨡顢黭һһţ
ġֻȽģܲעһԼݣ
ڿҵʦְ֣ҵôĺ
˵ĵǣ
һʣεͷǷˡ
ֻŸżһˣԽżңûʼȣŪôְҵȷ̫ÿһֲҵ֮С
û£ֻҪǵãȽľͺá
ϣ˵ȥֻõ˵ͷ
ҪΪԷܹЩأҲǸмֲ
Ҽǵá
˵ͷ˵ȥǰһкõ
̫ˣôˣ
Ļӣɷң
˶̵ʱ䣬ɹ黭ʦᶼǧ겻š

̧ۣͷȥͼǰŮлëȻͣһǰ
һɽ
ȻûֲУÿһӣֽϵһΣ΢Ĵ£ͣζʱ泤
һʮӣÿһƺԼк̬죬ûһ֮
Ķԣһ㣬
ٴεͷ
Ϊһܻʤڿûôס
ǰŮˮƽĻҪ١
黭ԽӣɫԽѤͼԽߣϣΣܶʵʮּ򵥡
ͺһʦǷһ˿һ
Խ򵥵ģԽʾ
ǰƬӣ赭де㡰¼ʵζʵϣϸ۲죬ͿԷ֣ÿһһ㣬ӵԼĶ
ңÿһ֮䣬ʵ£Ȼ˻ĳΡ
ҪǶԷСΪȻ۷Ļ黭ʦˡ
ѹ˵ǻҪʤѡ
пһеŨŨѹ
ҪԷֻľƷ
ôʦҪ𣿡
˼Ů
̧ͷȥͼǴЦ
ףΪζԷҪĻһöƷʯˣĻôҪˣԷȻ䲻𡭡
ŹŪ飬ø̨¡
䣿ôܣ
ҡҡͷĻܲȻˣҲҪóЩ汾ˡ
пһһĶһڿжһ£ҡҡͷջؽָȡһͬһ£ٴҡͷջء
ҵһƺʵĳģҿһȦͻȻڵһ̤

һʯƽŷǰ
ҿʼˡ
һЦֳֳʯʹ˹ȥ
㲻ëʣֽýʯ
һΣһҵʱ𣬲ûը


1439 ʤ
żҵһŮ黭ʦ۷ţƽݺһСԣѾܵˣǵм˲ʡ
˵棿
˭ëʣֽţóģ
ƵĿҪըһĽҲһΣҪѪ
պͶԷ˵ǽý
䣬Ѷȱëֹҵ˼ֻסԼݺΣСʧ󡭡
û
˼ʥʡֽѩֶַβͨһ㣬ʯϵ̡ҪҪôϷ
Ǿ룬αԿ϶ˡ
һɣ
޳Ҳſ£ˡ
ģûôġ
ýǷӷ裿
Ǿó磬ֲ붪ӡ泤Ʋ⡣
š
һᣬʵڲԷĿģ޳ֻõͷ
ܱΪżҵһŮ黭ϵ裬һЩư۷黭ʦֻǿͬΣ֪ǰλʦ¥ܹɹʤ
ʤֲӣҲֻܺˣʱȲҲԽжֽźëϡ
׶ԷĿģҡҡͷǰȥһ
ֳֳֻʯ壬һֱ࣬۲ͣת趯ݺᣬʯڣȴû˿ۼ
ͺһһ㣬ȫʲô
Сӡ˰ɣ
ҾǣȻһŽʲô
Ҳѻȸһľ
ֶָΣеţееķɧеׯءղŵ磬ÿһʶʮ㣬һܣǰһʯȴһۼû¡أ
Ҳͣ۾ǲǿˡ
ղŻקĲУ˵Դδôһʼͱˣ
㶨չ
ڷ£ͼǰ³һ˲ͷϵĺˮƣĽջء

ʯڲԶϣɽͼһ
ˣ
תͷȥͼղӳ㣬պϨ𣬷ֺ
ʱǸոպãɡʯʲô⣿
Ҫȵ黭ǵ̣˵ǵ̣ҲҪ·УɶûУյģʲô
ؼǡͻһʮĳɶû̬ƣ룬ݷס
װҲװľҵЩòã
ȷûãҿһΣ
Ҳ̲ס˹
ȻͶԷԣȻҪӮȻûӺã¸ᡣ
ˣ
ЦЦǰһ죬һʿģɣ
⣿
ЦݣƤ̲ס
Ū˸ʯͷһ·ûͺҵİ˼۷廭ȡ
޵ġţ
ǰ˵ͷȻˣüҲУ
䣿
ҧ
Ū˸ʯͷýһһӵ䡭
񾭲ģûô񾭲ġ
ǰôĻҲǻѪɵģʱڣڶˣ
³һ̧ͷԶдŹ¶ͼį
Ѫ
ڶ
ȫ
ʯͷɶûУһ˿𶼳֣ɣ
ѪëѪ
ȷҪ
Էһ¿ˮ̵ģߵ
Ȼ
˰֣һȡ
ãҾף
һҲ̲סһ㣬ٴڿС
ĩѧ磬У϶黭ӡ
ָǰһ㣬һâھϡ

̱ɢ߲ʵĹâ£գ۹ͽɽͼڡ
ɽͼԣɽз磬ȻںϣͻأȻﵽ˼۷壬ѵһƷ
ʱ䲻
ж˿ü̲ס¶˽֮ɫ
ܵõۣ˵㲻֮ǰġ̤ѩͼҲԶˡ
ôС
֪ԼӮˣһٴο˹ȥ
̣
Ʒϵʯɨ˹ȥ
ͣƬɨһΡ
ƺЩ׼ٴɨһΡ
Σͣղٴλ
ѵһǰ߱ȵĻʤ
ʤ
һΣΪԼˣ۾ۿеɳ
ôҲʼ˵Ϲˣ
⡭㶼ܼü飬ôѵһˣ
ô
޳ҲԭأĿɿڴ


1440 ί¼ޣ
˵ˣ
ţҲ̲סʵ
⸱Ʒ򵥵Ļ滭ȴֱָ⣬ͨ黭ʦ޷ƷҲȴԶԶ硭
Ӧһ
ּıѾԼԣ˶Ի
ý滭˼£һۼû¡ôܾ黭ʦ
ͷץ
˵ϹҲô˵ɣ
ô˶ۿڵһʯ壬ý̡ʲô·ûУĻ
ϸǰ۲죬Ȼܹ⡭
⣬ζһ£ٶ˵ƺɳƷ֮У޷԰Ρ
һ£Ӹǰͷǰʯ忴˹ȥ
ʯ滹иղŴӵγʱµĳʯ̳ĺۼڣһ·ʯһģһûκ⡣
ûл
ϸһ£δнµĺۼԽԽ֣ʶһӳ
۾ʶԹ۲⡣
ţ
ʶһǰʯͷ֣ʱһ½סͣ⡢⡭
촽ͣ£ƺſġ
ôˣ
޳Ҳü̲סʶӳǰ
һ֮£ͬԭء
ʯͷýģʵڣ֮ǰǸʯͷɷĩսָˡ
ǿ⣬һЦ
ղŽݺᣬ˿ʯͷɶû£ʵϣýԸղǸʯͷΪ»һһģһġ
黭ʦʱ飬ڿѱ棬ʱﵽ۷壬Ȼڻ¡
ǽ϶ɣʶ۲Ļ黭ʦҲԷֱ档
ˣ磬޳λϣû쳣ζû뵽֮ǰִӵϼʯͷȻʧǰһ
ʯͷǾȻû
ֻԣģѾ־磬Լ棬˭ϲ
׹޳λš
ľ黭ʦĻԼ棬ѱ棬û뵽Ҳ
ѲɣǾǣ
Ҫˣֲ̫˰ɣ
ҡˣ
ḧǰġʯֺûκ𣬲ʶ̽飬޷ݲҰף
ΪԷǺҴ̳Ľôû뵽ңԣ˭ֱ治
ѹ˵ˡȴˣһͿͬһȼ
ֻýͻּƷ㡭ëʣжǿ
Ҳ̲סǰ꿴˹
Է˵棬ΪҪóȫû뵽ֻýһ޷ԽƷҪëʣָöǿ
ûƭ㣬
ǺȻЦŵ˵ͷ˵ʵ黭⣬ȷǿҪΪʤ㣬ҿҸҰݣͻˣýʵҪëʣû̫𡣡
Ұݣ
Ƥһ飬磺ⶫô
ܼ򵥡
ҿһȦָһ㣬ԶĻ԰УһҰݷ˹ģһ

ˮеˮ˹Ұϣָסݸڿ趯
̣
ܵĿճ̼䣬һĺǰƺʱʳԺӶû
ī֭ˮ
˿ĭ
Ҫëʣī֭һֱܽƷľ磬Ƶ۷壬Էףô¡
ﲻﲻ뻭黭ʦ黭о˹ĳš
Ҳҵɽͼ⾳Ҫߣ
һᣬȻϣȴҲòϣԷҰݺͳˮ㻭ղŵǸɽͼɸ١
ŶղŻǸʯͷҶ黭ֽһЩҰݣҲĲˡ
͵
ѧ黭ʦղǸʯͷǵһ棬еõ˲ٱ飬ԡԻ⣬һ
ˣҰݻģҲ⾳˶Է
ֽˣ
ٴλζǰڡ
Ϊ黭ϣӵܱȵ츳ɺǰλȣ̫Զˣͬն
ӣҼǵ˵ֻҪһ黭ʤ㣬˭ί¼ޡ֪ǲģ
ͻȻȺһ꺰˳
⡭
һ㶣漴ٴοԶüͷ΢΢


1441 Ž
ΪһŮټòÿ춼вʾģ䲻ʤ䷳
ˣȻ˭ֻҪ䲻ʮ١塢顢ʤͻԥļ޸Է
˵ֻǸƴǣɧţϾʤļڡ
˭뵽黭ʤף
ԸȻ̫ã˵Ҳ汾£ܼ޸Ҳǲ
̲סð뷨
֪ʦɷᵯ٣
ҲͲס˹
Զһ
ͷ
ȻǰħʦǻҪ͵Щ
ǡأ
ȫҡͷ
ְҵѧ˲٣ûѧ˵һϲͨ
᲻ҪҿԽ㡭ʦԸȥҵСͬо黭
һ죬
˵ѾǱˡ
黭
ҡҡͷָޣֻѧѧǲְˣ黭Ҳֻѧ˲ʱ䣬רоˣ
ҪżңСųֵģйѧʲô黭
˵ˣøѧ
Էܾɫ̫ÿ漴¶˲˼飺˵黭ܹѧ˲죿
ţ˼һ£ͷʱȫӦò
ѧϰ黭ʦֻΪ˿ʦõʱ䲻࣬ÿһʱڴﵽǣҲֻа˸ʱˣϿ飬ӦҲᳬ졭
˵㴵ţ
ţû˵һ죬Ѿܷǫıˡ
ʱ䣬黭⣬ô
粻š
ȻˣͽעҰɡ
Է𾪣
ΪоƷʯŴӦԼģȻӮˣȻҪˡ
ʯ
ղŵĶԼ΢΢һЦղλ˵ĻҲˣֻҪ黭ʤңұԼ޸黭Ѿֻ̫࣬ҪҲ֪ܡ
˵⣬һ졣
һŮѻ˵ϣʮִˡ
ŵһŮͷ߹ˣòһλܹʤģҲЩ뷨
ôˣԸ⸶һöƷʯˣ
ͷƤը۾Բŭ
ղŴĵʱ˵ĺúõģ˾͸ôˣҳϣҪ޸ԼʲôΣ

ҧ
䣬һöƷʯԴǣЩûõģˣУ
רŴżңسģŮ˻ȥôˣ
㡭
Ҫˡ
˰죬ԼڶԷУһöʯļ۸񶼲
żҵһŮһöƷʯȥ˶Ҫ
⡭⣬Ʒζ湻صģ
޳ɴ۾˰죬˵һ仰
ǰһǵһΣܹܾ磬ҡôֱ׳ģ
泤Ҳǲ˼顣
˼٣Ӣѹ˹أǰλã˲ŮŮҪ󣬶ֻܾΪһöƷʯ
˵ʵҪȢ˶ԷƷʯѣҪҪ٣
µĲǲż̫ϸ𣡡
п꣬޳Ҳ׹̲סҡͷ
Է󷨡顢黭ôǸ˴֮ˣβ˼֪˻˵ǻǲżմ̫ࡣ
żŽɸҺұһ
ܾ磬ǵżҵĲſŭһȺз˳ڸǰ
ʲô
Ƥһ̧
żһȺУ鷳ͿιִģȻá
±ѱһܼżҲŮɸҺұѱޣ
Ž
αȣ
ܼ򵥣ǰżץһͷʥޣڶûܹѱҲûгɹֻҪܳɹҾͳѱ֮Ҹã
Žߡ
Ҳѱأ
ҡͷ
һڿӣԼѱˣ϶ѣͬѱˣˣ
ѱȻҲֻӵѪʵһЩʥޣΪ̫ˣҲû̫õİ취
ţܽѱôѱʥޣȴˣ
Ž𣬿˹Һͷʥޣֻദ죬׺ͶȣȻﵽ˶ʮ壬ڣܳûѱɹҲʤң
ʮ壿
йŵ˵ͷ˹ҽͷʥѱˣ𣿡
ҪȽãϾԷץģԼѱһ£飬Ǿˡ
ͷʥǼץҪѱģܳɹҲ޷
ŽͷĿһ¶֮ɫˣҲҪƷʯֻҪ¸ǸȻ󡭡ҹżң


1442 벻뱨
ã
ͷ
ȻȷܲѱԷ˵ͷʥޣǰλӦòѡ
οСŸץģѱ˵ȻνǼһƳ
潣
ǸСţĲҳǾȽϵһ˵˭ôҪӵġӲ֮
ǾͿʼɡ
ӦŽĿһ˷ܣһڣһ˳ȥʧǰʱ䲻ٴλһһ޴ӳȺмĹ㳡ϡ
ӵֱʮף֪ʲôƶɣͨڣָ·ƣȻĴñе޷ߡ
һͷģʨЩƵʥޣſڵϣܿһȦ漴˯˹ȥ
һͷ̫峤ֻףҲûκϢڳˣֻһۣȫͫһ
ǻޣ
ǳܴﵽʥصĳʥޣżĳ壬࡭ѹ־Žѱţѱˣ
ʥޣܹѱһͷ͵˲ӵʥصս
ǺǣôףһӵϹѪѱ˵ҪѱѣҪܹɹνʥҲڽż꣬ųȥˣ
⵹ǡ
𾪹ȫء
ϣҪҪֹһ£
Ƭ̣泤Ҳ̲ס˹
á޳ҡҡͷ
ɡҪѱһУһͻˡһʮλѱʦˣλʦȽʥˣ¡ȥ̫
泤æ
żͷʥ޵˲֪֪ĺ
̫ѱˣ
棬ۺóԵĻǱԷһۣУ⵽Ϊ˵ľѱʦʮλŽѱԲ⣬ͷһ֣ѵԷһ١
֪ЩΣգһ֣޳
Էܹ뵽γ벻֮ԲȰ裬Ϊλһ֣͸ʵ̫ˣ뿴ŽƵѹأܲͨ
⡭ðɣ
˵޳ڿڣ̧ͷȥȴҲüͷƺ˼ʲô
ޡ
վԭأʥ޵֪ʶԺвͣʡ
ʥ޵Ƣԣʥӵѱ޹е鼮Умأ΢䣬λŽĿġ
ּһûѪʵֳǿҪѱȷ̫ס
üģЩΡ
˵ʵ֪һͲӦˣŹѱ޷ǿļһҲΪ
򲻹ѱ
ʵ»ûԷǰͱ濾ɽ̿ˣ

뵽ԷĻ棬ȵػҪֲͻȻһס
ôԿʼ𣿡
˼ŽһЦ𣬿˹
ԣ
˵ͷӴ򿪰ɣ
Ӧ˿٣Ž΢΢㵣漴ȻʧЦã
漴һ֣ղŽӴߣæǰһץ̳һŻ󣬸պÿһˣ޵ӳ
һŻ˹ȥ
ʦ
æ
ѱ޾ܶò࣬˽ʥ֪ĺܶ࣬һϲװƣҼԴ˶޷ѱǰһĿ£
ôµʥޣֱ߽ȥʵ̫Σˡ
İɣ
תͷ˵ͷһչʾ֪ġ
ʩչ
üëһҲ˼
ղöԷЩҵԱȽݹȴ顢黭ѡ
סԷĵģΣգ
ʥǰһ¶Էչʾնɱ
ס
ƻ˻ӣö˵һݣȻ

һӣһ磬ϮҪսǰĿռȵ¶£Ťģ۾
ޣԵػΪʳƣһ֮£ʥŷ׵
ʥ޵Ľܣ˵ͷ
˵ʵܽͷһ궼ӲȥҲֻżҲˣӿ϶ͱճɻҽˡ

ڸпž͸еܵ¶ԽԽߣղſڵϣһĻޣ˽¶ײ֮⣬˹
ǰɣӦÿԿҲżҵˣ
߹ţ΢΢һЦӵѪʥޣżҵˣϵУĥ꣬Ҿһ䡭
벻뱨𣿡


1443 ҿ԰ͻƣ
ͣ
ܼ򵥣ҲżҵˣĥҿԴȥһֵ췭ظżһ˶С
վԭأĿЦ
żңһҪʲô
޳泤⻰ͷƤһըûιȥ
ġ
ѱ޶ѣżҸʲô
Ȼʥʥޣżִ˵ʲôɡҪ費ͣͷŻ桭Ҳͷ۵ģ
ؼǡ潫᳹׶⣡
ɫѿ̲סתͷԶŽͼҲŵɫס
ߣһ汻ѱżڣΨʣ
һ˦䣬޳ߵ
ǡ
Žæͷǰȥ
ڣǴ½һ壬ڣ»ûʼͱɱ˰ɣ
޿ԡ
С壬СطʵһٿԣͣһЩɣ
˵ץλһԽնɱ涼ͷų
żҵȷǿǿΪʦ壬ҪأصĻ϶ͰȥˣҲڰȵԺǰɣ

⵹ǡ޵ͷ
ȻżҽʮַŭȴҲòϣԷȷûȻ˵Ź겻ԺȣϾաѾˣ
֮ԲôΪʦ壬򣬾ѱޣҲĸԸѱǿȡ
ȻָʹõʥޣĸԸһڣնɱ󱲡Σ
ҴȥǸ۸ˣܰ㾻Ѫ߾硭
ԼĻδֱӶ֣˿ŵ
Ѫƾ㣿
һһŻ̴ڶŨŨѹ
꣡
ֻؿڷƣƺֻҪ˵Ĳԣͻᱻ浱ճɻҽ
㲻ţ
Σգȴû˿ţһЦҿԵ֤㿴
֤
ü
ֻ򾳵Ϊ뵷ң϶ҲҲˣ˵滰ٻֻҪһۣӦú׷ֱ㶼ôˣѵͲΪͻƣѩޣѵĸһֱΪѱʦѱߣѵԸ⿴żҳªǰҫ
ٴο˹дŹƻ󣺡ڻǰ·ԼѡĲţֻǿҲ͵ڶһϣ
⡭
˵¶ã
Ӧ
ڳɣͻȻһ
Ҫһ˵ע⣬ˢˢ˹

˵Ŀ⣬ŷӦɫǵ͸죬ͬʱкȻħʦ
ղ鲻ԽҪ޴ӦǱԷ鲻Խã״̬
㣬˵һͲ˵ħֻ˽һ㣬ǱҪǿ
ȻܽλóɵħţŪķֱ治壬ֱӺ
תͷˣȴˣΪ͵Ķûյƻ𾪡
ͨħ֪ǶԷǡ磬ͨħɾ̡ͨˣǿˣ䲻ʩչħܵ˺Ҳ
ͺţһٺ֣ţٶҲá
ǰλʩչħȫޣĲ࣬УԾˣ˲óڴˣûʲô
ҲֻʱģʱƣȫƻҲǺɵġ
ߣħô˵ֻԶһ˵ᣬҲƭ˵ģ
𾪹ҧ
黭黭ѾܸԷˣħҲԶԶ磬һҲ򵥡
ѱϣһҪụ́
ôһλѣû˿ˣӵӳȥͻƵĻᣬֲΪ
磬
ͶԷµһڲħʦڡ
ߵӣټʦʦ֮ĵľ磬޾־ǿ󣬴˿ҲʼЩҡˡ
ãҸһλᣡ
ͣƬ̣޵˵ͷ
ʱˣܳȥһͻƣȻòȻҪǰһƭ⵱ˣ
ȷѡ񣡡
һЦһһƿ֣һһöҩģöҩԾѪʥͻƣֻҪˣҿԱ֤ʮӣͿͻơ
ͻƣ
һ£ͷԷĵ鵤˹ȥ
ֻҩͨƣɢ˵ҩ㣬һɾ棬쳣


1444 ͻ

צ̧һ󣬵ҩģͷһۣ֡
öҩҲͨûκ⣬̺ܳ㣬ִͷ˵һӣûκôͻƣ
Цİɣ
þͿͻƣԥˣɲ׵õһŹ֣ŵ
ҩҲԵģ˭֪û¶
צһ޽ҩ˻
ǲŶԷżҶû취ͻƣʮļһܱ˵ǻҪ
˵öҩҲϸˣһЩûκ⣬һҪĶֱ治ͱˡ
¶
۾ԲűߣȻҵĳ⣿ҵʵֻ򾳣þ¶ܶ㣿˵Ҷ㣬ʲôô
޲˵
Էȷû¶ɺʵ
һܱɣǲȥԶԷĶġ
Ȼ㲻ţҾ֤㿴
ʱȥ˯Ļһһ

һͷ޴ĵ޳ǰ
ˣ
ס
öҩˣҰͻƣ
ָһĵҩֱ˹ȥ
ǣ޵˵ͷû˿ɣſھͽҩȥ

ͷҩһڣ¶ܵı飬Ϣδ仯ûһ㡣
ˡ
ɻĿ
ż
ƺϵڣһЦٴһ

ϰٱ˳һλγһֱߣһš
ɵ棡

ȻΪ޻ſȥ
޵޳糤ߣſڳӶɵĳϣͬǩϵ㳦
ţ
ĵ˵ͷٴһץһ޹̶䲻תͷԶĻޣҩΪ˳ܻҪ鷳Ļһã
ɻ󣬻޻ǵͷ
ȻԶԷҩ治ʲô£պҲԿöҩﵽûá
ӦſһɫĻӿգ۹ϯ
ߣ޾У
ָӡ
̣
ӶյŤ޵ޱϣʱž
תڻп⡣

棬޳ĵһȫЩɵˡ
ŽλѱţҲһͷˮԡ
ͷޣ޳裬۷壬ѱһͷ龳۷ʥޣӦʮˡڣҪ
޵𣬱ȵػҪǿƷʥڻ޾ǿգҲֻлһ·ߣ
νʩչ
ͣ¡
һղ˵ýΪҪýԸͷһȴǽԼ޳贮տ
ҪҪôӣ
̣
£ʼðͣһŨҵ㣬˱Ƕ
ˡ
Щֲסˣ޳Ҫ鴤Ǳ󣬲ܶ¶˾֮ɫ
ͻƣҪܣ
ʱѣȥޣƫԣˣպÿͨڵٻѪһٳ߾磡
ĵҩҲоѪãֻԱΪ͵ʥôּ𣬿˵ûС
֮ԣ˵ܰԷͻƣʵϵҩҩЧǼ٣ĿæѪӶһͻʥصĴأ
ǣ
˵ģҧ֡
ڣֻȫѪҺҪڣڼֲסʱ֮ǰ̷öҩɢڵȫͨǵѪҺҲԽԽ峺
ȻЧ
۾̲סˡ
Ϊ˵ֻۣû뵽ĿУӦò˶ãͻƣ
ҧ֣Ӻ󣬹ȻеסʥصʼѺۡ
ʱ򣡡
ڳɣ˵ڶûԥһҧһ˻
¡
֮ƺҪ˺ѡ
꣡꣡
ڵѻԽԽ࣬ҲͲס񱩵Ϣֱ
ͻˡȻͻˣ
ջػ棬ԭء
Է˵̷ûҩʮھͻƣţڿˡ
ԷûƭҩȻã
æԶ꿴ȥͼŬƳ֮ǰʢҩƿŲԶĵϣû˿
ٺ٣ҵˡ
۾һһ

ƿգ۹ģͷȥ滹öҩû˿ɣſھȫȥ


1445 Ұɣ
㡭
ջأպÿһĻ鲻Խһ´ס
лҩĿ֪˵ĺǰұʵϲҳ㣿ʵ㣬ⲻܣ
߶ڵ𣬽ҩ޿˹һЦ壬߰ޱȣôܳһͨࣿ
ԷƱ磬ʵϻ
żҼһ򾳵Сӣ
ʲôЦ
֮ԺͶԷī죬ֻǾñˣû˵Щįˣ˭뵽һﾹȻ벻ջ
ͷޣղϸ۲ˣѴﵽʥ۷壬һ࣬Ҫͻƣ졣
̷öҩ̳ɹˣȷϣƿеЩҩûôҲ
һСӦû̫⣡
ҵҩ
ûŵĻһż
ˣһŶûСһЦƤ̧
˭ǰNɪģ
ҿɲʦ㽲أˣҵġ
Ҳ˼
ҡͷ
ʲô˼ҩҿԲ㣬ϹȥɣȻٷϻͲˡ
צ˰֣ޣִβһ˦ղ˯ĵطȥ
ҡ
ںԷǲǷæҵ˼ҵҩǣʥͻƵҩֻһö
һö
תͷЩɻ󣺡ǡƿҩʲô
Щǡҩ
æ
ҩһ漴죺ҳԣҲ˵˵ɶҩҾͻ³ʵ㣬ѾЩҩˡ
ԷҩԣҲˣû뵽˵˿Ц顣
ղ֮ǰרʶˣ֮ǰöһģһû˿ҪǶҩ޳ǵͻƣѾˣ
˵û˵˭ΪҩͶҩһƿġ
Ѷᣡ
ˡ
˵꣬ͼ꣬ɫһףһʧǡ
ɣҲɱ㡭
úͶԷīһתͻȻһһɾҵʹӿ
꣡꣡
ƺҪ˺ѣһϸѪ񾭣Ҫɱ
۾ԲЩˡ
һĶҩûͱճɻҽˣôúõأһôʹ
̣
ɻ󣬾͸еڵǹʹԽԽңˮһϯ
žણ
ֱˤڵأվվˡ
ǸղųԵЩҩ
ͫ޶ʱʹԴݲͣһζ
Ȼ֪ΪλۣʹԴǺ׷ֵģ֮ǰɵЩҩ
ЩҩڻһϢϸĵط綾һʴʱ
㡭¶
ǷŭתͷԶ꣬ŭ
ڣﲻô¡
Է϶ǹ⽫ƿڵϣȥ͵
ȲʦϣУؼ¶ȣԹ޲
Ȼʦ޳κְҵҪ£
Լ͵ųԵģҸղҲ˵ˣǶҩ
˫̯Ρ
㡭
Ĳͣ˵
Է˵ĲԷֻǽƿӷߣ͵͵ȥԵģҲŶԷĻΪǶҩ
˼Ʒû˿ָժ֮ȴҲ˶ʱ
ҽҩ
ݶ£޶ݺݵĿ
ȻԷЩҩȻнҩ
ûнҩȴ֪ķֻҪңͿ԰㣡
Ϊѣ
Ρ
ԶҩȻҪ䳼޲ûըһ˻¶ŨҵɱҲҪš
¡
͵һצգ˹
̱޴ռ˺ѳһڵѺۣ˲Ӷȥ
žણ
ûǰʹӿеڵϲͣ鴤вͣŰĭ
ʵ̫ǿˣܲס
ɣġ

Ѫʥ޳Ρ
ҧ
һ壬ϹʥޣѪر𴿣ҪҲ޿ܣ
ԸҲȥ
ȻҲżץ꣬û˿취
Ǿû취ˡ
ҡҡͷȰ裬漴еͷһɾ޴ѹȸУ㸲ƺ˵ĺЩά֡
æ̧ͷȥֻܲ˺ѿ£
ǡʥصս٣
ͫһ


1446 ս
ķΪʥվƿس龳Ŀռռ⣬ʵﵽ½۷塣
Ϊ޽벽վͲˣû뵽һ㹻ѹƣһʥأ
ռ⣬УҪ͵ԣȻܵͷ
ˣҪ׽ٸ
˵Զɹ˾
ʮٵԶǰ

յƣգ۹ġǧĶͷȫڣңڲͣš
ˡ
޳һ
սǶɹ֪ѶȣڵΪҲڶΡּһʥسǿߵȫ
ڿͷҪͷٵ
ջŵڿͷҪٵǰɣ
ˣν
ҿˣ뿪
֪ΧڴţǿҲ̲ס޳˳
ಣ
Ҳ֪ΣգٲͣȫҴȥ
ԶͷϿա
޷ֹԽֹԽʵҪȥҲˣ𲻵żң¶Ҫɷɻҡ
λǸǡʥͻƣҲӦﰡ
ҧ޳Ҫըˡ
żҲͻվÿΣǰ׼õطó󷨣Ӱ쵽طһﵹãֱڿͷһ
ôˣ汻żĿԴ½ˣ
ˣݲݣҲ𰡣
ʥ뿪ȥǱߵɽרŵĴ󣬿԰һ
ҲͲס޳
żڳ棬ɽרŶɽٵĵطʦöɵĴ󣬾ܲܰæס׽٣ȴħΣս͵С
ȥһͶˡ
á
Զɽٵޣ뽻һͻȻеԶһӿȶ
Ҫһ𡭡
һŭ˻ۻ̴ӻɢ
ˡ
޳ӿе
о綾Ȼ뷨޺λһֱӶȫ
ģһǱսһ㣬˾ҵķŭ
أ
Ƭ̹򣬴ǧĶķΧһĶڼӡ
˵ղֻ˿ͷڣżңҲһ֣ʱᱻɷĩ
㡭̫ˣ
û뵽һؼʱ˸ʹͷΪȰ裬۾ˡ
ôɱʮöƷʯǿ̫ˣҪɣΪȻٱﵽߵĵز

֪뷨ֻ֪׽٣˭ܲٴαϵҪĻͻȻ֣ڵľ綾ƺûôˣʱ
꣡꣡
׵绹û£ͽϵ󷨴ݻ٣޴ѹ£ҲܲסȻ
ˣҸô죿
ԼĿƣ̲סŲӡ
Ҳ뿴ġ
Ҫˣֻбһ·ߡ
ýţ׽٣ԽԽáһת޳˵ķ˹ȥ
ϣ߳ϡ
ǰæȭ
ʵս˵̫ߣע⡣
а취
޳æʵ
ٲ뿪һ£˭Ӳ
ոͻƵʥޣ϶Ҳᱻ
취Уʥ龳ض龳ԼվĹؼԽԽá
Ȼ׼ˣȻҪ׼ˣȻ񲻰װ˷ôԴȪ
Ҫʲô
޳һ
ʥӵ£Ϊܣû˴żҵĳϣҲ벻ǰλ꣬Խͻơ
ܸʲôץʱֻܽǰȻҲû취

⡭һЩ龳Ϊѧר׼ġﵽ龳Ǽ߲ˣǵڲ󣬾ңҲֻһѡȡĻᣬܹȥ
ͣһ£޳
龳Ȼվڴ½۷ˣżң̫ͬ࣬ˣΪϣҲòԼϰļط϶ܸ˿
ֻ龳ҲС
ʱ£֪ûʱƽô࣬˰֣Щóɣҿһ۾ͺá
ţ
ǰλа취ҵ飬޳һһ鼮̳ǰ


1447 Ұɣ
ֻ࣬жʮ۾ɨ˹ȥ漴ü
ͶԷ˵һЩȷʥ龳Ĺ󲿷ֶؼĲο顣
ʦʹõĽ̲Σвٸѧµϰ⡢֮࣬飬õģֻһַ
⡭

żҺĹ⴫ܹó㿴ģҲֻһ֣һͨù𲻵ͣκԶ
ɻ޳εЦ

ѧԺͬԱȽϵһܹģ϶ͬѪ֮ˣˣһܹķ࣬ƸĳϣԼĹԡ˴ļ壬óĹ
ûĹԪķ
ͣһ£ʵ
ô׽٣ζĴͰǰʵ̫۲ˡ
幦в٣泤һһ鼮飬ǧ֮ࡣ
ԪģҲС
޳ȡһ鼮
ֻҪǺĹ˿ҲûʲôϵЩżĻۣࡣ
˿һΣ˿һ鼮¼Ժ
ȥԿ׽٣
˵꣬һݣֱǰ˹ȥ
Կ׽٣⡭
޳ͬʱһҲݷס
Է˵ܹΪʲôð취ȥ


ԪĹںϺ󣬳ɹ۳򾳵׻꣬͸߼
ôһղ꣬һȥ޿϶ᱻһɣ
һޱ߼ʵ׺֪ٴ󣬶ʱҲԲô࣬һˢˢ˳
ô׽١
Ӵȫ˷ܣһг˹ȥ
ҲͣЪ׻ת׻깦룬ͣ׵硣
֪˶ãǰһӣջشָӣ̲ס˿
׻ɹﵽ۷壬ҲͻƷʥȰ벽Ʒʥ
վԭأʥصþȫҲ˲ֺ
˵Ȼαˡ
̥ѹƵĸˡ
ʵӣ˵ģ˷ܵǣյԽԽ̥࣬ѹƵĸһطƺҶˡ
ҵȷԺҪҡ
ĵ˵ͷͷ¿ȥƤͻȻ͵һ顣
ֻżҵĿͷѾûмõĽǰȻȥֹˣ̫ˣЩЩžɣȻܲס
޳˵ɫÿһ顣
ӱһιͽ˼Ū˵ʵǡͦˬģ
Ūô󶯾СŲ֣ϵλ˽ʥӦó˰ɣ
лʦ׽٣ȻżҸĴ۽󡭡
Ƥ鴤Ҳ֪ޣЦ޳ɫ࣬ǿסŭ⣬ջǱ˱ȭ
׽پǰλģҲΪѱͷޣʱˣûֹԼҲвжΡ
ҺǽˣȻ룬ͷ٣żҵĻҵ϶Ҳᱻٵһ󲿷֡
ⲽѾʧСˡ
£𡭡Ž̻صڽܳͷû
˵꣬תͷŽ޳һǳ⡣
ǡ
ȭͷŽɫһһףͻȻ̧ͷҽܳͷû˿ԹԣҺʦıԣûϸʱ䣬ȳӮҶԼȥ̷
˫Ҫѱޣڻûֱӱͷʵвʡ

޳ü
ǣҺʦԼڣ˭޵׺Ͷȸߣ˭ͻʤһ޲ͬھģӦòͿԷˡ
Žæ
üıʥ¶һͷѱ޵Ĵɻ䣬ʥ׳ѱʦְҵҲͲôڣȫɶʦˣ
ʥ޺һԼĽҪʵϿɣ¶ֶΡЩеģ
ǻ鱩ʥޣƺû׺ͶȣԽԽѱûκλˡ
˵ĶԻԴΡ
ͻƣΪã䳼һ׽ٵģӦúǰλµһҪѱˣ
ˣϡ
ҡҡͷ뿪䣬ͻȻеһȣ漴޲֪ʱſڸǰͷһϺ͹ˣҰɡ


1448 ʦ⣡

Žһ
޳ĵҲ
һô£ղŻߺѪ裬޲ýǰλôգ۹ſڵϣûϣ
ҲЩ㶣ͷȷһȷǸղͷ֮ſ˹ȷҪΪ
ǣֻҪ˷Ը
޼æͷӣǰ˷ڡ
ã
մӦͿһ̺ѪҺ˹üĴһ˽ȥ
ܶԷգ۹򣬾ͷһ뷨
ԷȷǲԸ⳼ģǿ׽٣ú߶µߣŸı⡣
ʥޣԪûôǿĵľܹ׸ߣͻƺϰ޳Ҳûʲôˡ
οԷͻƣͻƣҲȻѣ
Ҳš
޳ɹһΣɫòҰףŽӿеȥһء
ѱ˵ʥޣ̶̶ʮӲʱ䣬Էѱ
ղŲҪɱ޲ý˺Ƭ𡭡ôôʱ䣬͸ı̬ˣ
֪ı̬ȣԷģһͿ峤϶Ҳ
۲ץסĴһˡ
ۣ
ɫһ죬һûѪ
ޣѪ
̲סҧ
ΣʦӢţ͵ҸԸ
󣬻һĿ
㡭
Žٴλһ¡
أأ
֮ǰ˵Ҫֵþ춯أ޲õ⸱ģòᱻԷ˰ɣ
ȻΪΪˣ񲻿١
һƵҪѪŽ΢΢һЦ˸ָ
ڴ뿴Ҫʲôž͸еһȴӵڲӿȫ֮ǰͨѪһĳ£̴򿪡
ǡ֮ǰľ綾
۾Բǲš
ָо֮ǰ綾ѭ״̬ôգ۹򣬱ɨ߾ˣ
綾ɲҩǾʦġ
޼زͣ
һ̣ףղŵѡǶôǡ
ΪԷֻܸ׽٣ζ벻
̺Ѫǿ󣬵ǻ̫ͣƿأϸСľˣڵ֮֮ǰȫ
һ˲䣬еѹõʱͻơ
ˡ
ͻƣ˷˻ᡭ
Ȼ
ǣ֪˿̲Ǹмʱޱ۾ڵ
¡
գ۹򣬾޴ѹϯһ޵еȫ
ҲҪͻƣ
ɫһ䣬޳Ҫ޳ʦ뿪żҡٳŲס׽٣Ҵ䡭
ղͻƣŪͷҪȫɷ棬һͻƵĻżҿ¶ôˣ
õģֻͻʥغڣ׽٣
Ρ
ԷҲ֪ȷеΪʵʥվڣ
˿̽۷ˡС⣬ǲ׽ٵġ
׽پͺá
ϸȥ޳ȷȼ˿
ղ̫ˣԷһ˵׹
Сͻƣȷ׽١
˵ʵһ¡ЩӰˡ
ʥءÿһС𣬶죬֪ʦôͻƵģ
Դɻ
õͻƣ˵ã߻ۻ񣬶޳˽⼫࡭λոճûôӴͬͻˡôģ
Ҫֱ죬ѱʥޣƵģ
ɣҲ۹ˣҸպʹЩֶΣŵԳɹʥޣûôף

飬϶˵Ȼ鷳ԣʱҪ͵ЩҪ̫
³çˡ
ԷԲԣ޳֪϶ǣܣ˱ȭ̧ͷ˹΢΢һЦҴʥӵǱߵõϢʦʦʦɣ
ʦ
ͷ
ʦҪȻô౾죬ױץȥС
һΧڣֲʦܲʥӵûԷ϶Ҳỳɡ
ѹ֡
˵ͷ޳ԴɻĿ֪ʦ֪ʦںδ
ʦһײβƮҲ֪
æ
һ£޳׹ΪζԷżңȴȥʦƻԭ֪Լʦ
ǺǣˣʦպżұչأȻҲˣʦͽӦúܿͿԼ棡
޳Цſ˹
ʦ⣿
彩ֱමȻ


1449 Ѫ
һֱʦ˴죬ͼݣΪǸ翵ˣ÷αװͺˣû뵽ڤڤ֮⣬ʵڣһʦ̫ܲϳϣǿ֮һ
ðٵģָģѾˣû뵽λðߣżң
Ҫ棬Լӣϴ
彩Ӳͬˣû˵ͼ޳üͷĿ˹ʦ
ѾܳʱûʦˣȻʦ⣬Щţʧ̬֮æ
ղ̫𾪣ƺǡʦǡʦԷȻ쵽˲Ծ
ţʦչа꣬ʦͽȷþûˡ
˵޳˵ͷ
ʦչءֱȥӰɣ
𾪹ʶԾ˹
Է֪Լʦѧʦչأڶûֻֿ֣ܣһŻڶʦչʮֽҪ޷
ͼ
ʦչǰȷ˲ҪţӦ⼸ͻʦż뿪ĻʦͽӦÿԼ棡
޳
Ҳż뿪
æͷȴ˿
ҪץʱȽ취ƳСţһ棬ֱ뿪Ȼʦչسһ¶ڣ鷳ˣ
֪ʦںδչأ㲻ܴţҲɷǰȥˣһܼ
ͣһ£ʵ
ȷöԷλãʵڲУһأ֮󼪡
ʦչֻ֮д֪Ҳ̫
ҡҡͷ޳
֪װһϧٴҡ
˵䣬޺ͻȫͻϣһӿȣʱἤ
ͷʥصʥޣΧߣܵˣȫ¶˾֮⣬Ҳľ
ʥӵĴҲʥسڣһѧȻѱһͷسں;۷ʥޡȥ϶ܹѹơ
Ϊû˵ʲô
ѱޡ黭ǿ۹ֶζɲ⣬֮ǰ׼Ҫſȫ
硢Ž֮ˣڶԷǰ˲һȥ²
һʱ䣬˸Ҽս
û˳ͷҲֵС
ĿֻһѵλСţ̫ˣó֡
ʦطѾܾסպûиԺ֪ɷһȥ
ǰôűĳֶң޳̾Ϣһڵ
⡭ͣһ£漴˵ͷˣ
ͷߣȷʺϾסˡ

ϵͷ泤޸ЩԺ䣬ǰӶȥ
ǰķһ飬λʦ𾪵ĿУ޳ǰȥ
ʱ䲻żҵ˾סĵط
ʥס°ٺ֮ǼȽдȣɺѽ
ЦŽ
ǣ
ͷ
żˣ˾סĺ򣬻ǵһι
ռλĹ⡣
طͷǱۻ룬ȴһܵϢƺ˼άӿݣЧʱ
ʦɷĴתת
źý޳˹
㣡
ͷ
뿴żң˽һЩΪԺ׼Է룬֮
ޡ޳豣ټΪˣԷӦòô
룡
޳һЦ߳Ժ䣬ûзУǲС
һڣѺˣ췱գһ£ɢĹâÿԵЩ䡣
֪ʦںδлʲôˣ
һǰһ޳ʵ
¹¶С֪ĸˣش
Ǹһ֪ĸˣȻ֪
¶áпһ޳ԾʧԣʵȻǹ¶ǿ֪Ϊţ˭ȡģ
⡭һ£ҡҡͷʱ̫ˣǲסˣ
ںϵļ䣬֦ĩڣܹ֪
ǰļ䣬Сʱ򣬹ϵסӣ˾£ȡΪšͲö֪ˡ
żҵǸžˡ
ǲסǿʦ뿪ʱȽ硭޳ӦһͻȻЦЦ֪ʦżҵĸоôûȤżңΪһԱ
ȫûȤҡͷ
ƾǱɵҪɱԼǿҪȢأʹˣ롭Σ

û뵽ش˿϶Ѹ٣޳Σ˰˵ǰһ˿漴ˣ
ˣʲôط
һ㶣̧ͷȥ漴ֳǰ
Ѫأ


1450 ǣϣ
ùдɣû̫ƺҲûκ֮ԶԶȥͺһտʼѧдֵĺͯдһ
ϸϼ۾ܷ֣мдĳ·ԴԽŽ񣬿δ˵ڳεǰ羭һϴ
ʲôط
ȡ
żӵܣѪĵطֻҪżҵˣУѪԶȼգʵְҵʵķԾ
޳
ѪȻ
ѹ֣֣͸ָоżѪܹƿʱ䣬ѪڣȻǣʱ⡣
ʦûȤȥ
޳ЦЦ
ȥҿԽȥæ֡
Ҫĵط˿
żҵѪأֻżѪã˽룬ܵӰ죬ҲƻȥûʲôǿߣĽǰǿԹ۲ġ
޳ͷ
ѪأżҵĽأӵܣҲﵽʸ󷽿ɽ룬˵ֻΪԷɰˡ
Ǿͺá
֪ԷĿģ۾һ
ܼżҵѪȻ򵥣ܽȥżи˽⣬ԺλСŵжԣҲиİա
߰ɣ
ɣ޳˿Żķӡǰȡһˣһ죬Ż򿪡
ںϸԷĶ˽ȥ͸һ󷨹Ĥһ̸еܵʱ䣬Ƿ˱仯ȫͬ
ǡ
ǵµ۵ռ䣬̺ʱ⣬ʱ״ֻ̬ҪżѪںУʱĳУһ£һ꣬ӵиʱ䣬ְҵΪȻֻ״̬ʵ仯
޳͡
һ£һꣿզࡣ
㲻Ϊ״̬ôãҲˡ
һºһ꣬ʮҲ˵żҼѪˣֻҪӵгͨʮʱѧϰѹ֣żô࣬ԶԶȲϣѪأ壬ȴġ
֮ǰܽͣĻһ²ʱ䣬Ѿﵽڵļˡ
ۣ֮
𾪹ֳ·ϸ˹ȥ
ǰ۵ռ䣬ȷ֮ǰĲ֮ͬ£һ㣬ʺ磬ǰߣеܵط̫ͬ
ֲʺ磬ץҲϸ۲죬޷˵Уʱٸıˡ
ǰУ޳һĹ۲죬üͷԽԽ
ûһ쳣ѵǣ
֮ǰϺɣλܺʧٵλйأˣѪؽ̽⣬ڿƺûκηӦ
żӵܣûѪصģһУѪͻᱻ漴״̬Ԫʱѧϰ
һ㷴ӦûУѪҺûżҵѪżҶû̫Ĺϵ
ˣԪ񡭡
һ
żӵܣѪ⣬Ԫ꣬ͬԹϾһ˴ǲġ
뵽⣬ǰ΢΢һЦʦѪصӵеʱ⣬ҪԪܿ㲻һ£ܷ񿴳Щʲô
Ԫ񣿡˵ͷҲã
Ȼ׻ʦֶΣԪ޴󣬵ܿ󣬿仯ͣԷżҵĳϣҪҲףûʲôġ
պҲúоһ£ʱ⣬Ʋеİء
ϥڵϣһԪü˳
Ԫеܣеֲͬ·ѩ죬ܶƮѩ
֪Щѩʱƣץ˹ȥ

ƴĻ
ԪûκżҵϢ
һĻУ޳ʧ֮⣬ֳ
żӵܣԪϣȻܹסƣǣԷ֮һ㷴ӦûУֻһֿܡ
Ǿ꣬żңûκιϵ
֮ǰĻɣǴġ
ʦ뿪ɣ
׹̬Ҳ䵭˰֣
뿪
һ㶣漴Ԫλվ
ţżҵĽأҴʱƣڿԳȥˡ
޳֡
⡭
Էޱ飬Щ
ֲģҽ˲ӣ͸뿪
żҵˣȻһпӡ
ǣ
Է˼ûУü࿴ת˳ȥ
뿴أûɶ˵ġ
Ҫϡ
뿪޳æ뿪ѪأرպŻ󣬱ֱϾסĵط˹ȥ
뿪ٶ̫죬δ֣Ѫеķ⣬ǼʲôµĶɪɪһҶ


1451 ǣ£
һ·ۣܿڵĵط
ô
Ͽ˹
ǣ
޳ҡͷ
ǣ
Ѫûκα仯ԪҲˣ޷ס·żûκιϵ
޳淢ϸ˵һ顣
ˣ
ҡҡͷĿһȻûйϵȥս֪ˣ졣⣬ֳô󶯾иˣȻϺڣ
ͷ͵ĵ񵽴ܣ󷨶ƻҪɣΪΪ
Ȼ˶ңνĵһ壬ҲͲôˡ
ѱ˻ޣ¡Ƶúˣֱʣһ£޳
ԷֻǸ򾳵СһﵹҲˣؼǣѱޣһΪﵽʥ۷壬ҪɿѹȴҪѼۣ
ܼ򵥣ӵܣѹͬΪ֮ģҪô⳥ҪôżңЧһ峤ڶʥޣôܾ뿪ƽˣʦǱҲý
һ˫ֱ
ʦ壬ȻȴҲϺˡ
˵ƻĽ˵ΪסͷʥޣѵͲ֪٣ôתˣ
ؼԷսģ
˵ʵҪʦ״ھץסǿˡ
ǣ֪˭ֺʣ
˵ͷ޳
һҪչ׳󣬳ΪһֶαҪУû취¡
㡢źۡնԣڽ϶⣬ʵˣԸһ򾳵СһӦⲻ󣡡˼Ƭ̣ϵ
ãҹһ֪ͨǣǰȥս
޳Ӧһſô죿ʲôʱУ
ټ˺͸ְҵǿߣΪ˴ᣬҲൽˣӦÿԾˡ
һͿʼǣҵӦñʧ
üë𣬴Ŀһ
ֻ֪ǡС䲻
޳ɫ
˵ˣѡΣδȣõһģСӭȢҵλСʱ䲻ˣȻ˭֪ʲôıʣ
ϵ
Ҳֻˡ
˵ͷ޳ȭͰȥˡսǵȴȹɣȻҲƽ
ţ
ϵͷٶ˵

ۣҲصס߽䣬ͿһӰӭ
ʦ
žȭ
ôˡ
ʦһֳô󶯾Ҷ˵ˡ
žЦ
ϵλʦ¿湻ߵģһŪżҼɹҪǴѹƣ˳ȥնɱˡ
ǼᣬΪʲôôżУ
Ͼᣬʵ
һ˵ϲԼ߾;дᣬҪ˵ûйϵš
ֻǲ֪żҵ׺«ʲôҩˣ
ҴˣδᣬֻһĿģͨѡΣѡһλˣ
žͷ

ƤһȭͷλСأ
˵Сʧˣ˭֪ģڼʱ䵢󲻵ãԣѰһλţҽϡž֪Ϣ˵˳
ɶ񣡡
ĿҪը
ǿѾ޳ˣ󣬾ȻѡΡ
˼ɹҵĸܣصĸܣ
żҵôô⣿
ҧͣ
õһ壬ӦСźѡ˾ȥˡȥ˾ûƣ
ûа취ǣʲôҲֻ֪ڱУ˭û취ֹҵʵҲ֪ڲֵһᣬԣμӲμӣ޹ؽҪ
žЦ
ʵԴ۹ţżңʲô㲻ˣһԽܣֵûС
ԣμȣҲһ£ûܹõ֮ġ
ʲôʱʼ
ĿҪըɱΣʵ
ʱ仹û⣬ͻУ
ɫ࣬žæȰ裺ʦżҵĴȣƣǧҪ£Ȼ£鷳ܴ󣡡
ǰλԸ֪ĺ첻µزµԴ۹ֵĶ룬Щ¡
һ嵽еңˡ
żҿɲԴ۹Ǵ½һ壬ʥ۷ȥ޻ء
ģҲᵷҵģҵ㡭
֪ԷЩʲô˹
ңžһ㶡
ҪμӴȣҡõھ
Ŀһһ˦


1452 ڰ˵
ңھ
žһæҡͷôܣ
ֻгϾʵʲôʱܳ򾳶֪Ŵŷ˲֪٣ܲͨһ֣δ֪ھζ룡
˵ʵΪ֧ӣܹμӺĵӲܲμӵļʢᣬ˵Ѿʮֲ˼ˣھң
ֻҪΪʦĻʱڳˣ漣Ҳǲܣ
ͷ
⡭һʵǿŴˣѾﵽ˰벽龳˵дﵽ龳ģҡ̫Զˣ
ԷЦžЦ
ǲǰλȫܡ
ʥسϾض龳ֹƣͬնּǿߣһٸϣֻķݣô
˵żҵĺĵӣеţͬսʦδܹ⡭˵μӱԣҵõھԣΪ㣡
ҪƣԼ磡Ϊʦһ۹Ѿˣ
ԷһŶûУüë
ܰʦΪʦҵңֻǡžϡ
ǲ룬Ϳʼȣڵʵ
֪㵣ʲô
˫ֱ˹Ϊأڵ۷壬񲻹14¶ѡ״ߣţǱԭٹ
ӣӱʦᣬǰ;
ЩФȴҲͷأҵ
ĵ֣սʦսӣδ
˵ǰ滰ϢԽԽǿԬΣԬټϬѪ˫
·壬õ׻ʦĴУ׻֮ھŽ񣡡
ߵκ̣ζ춾壬
ߴ״ΪͽĴô㷴ˣ
˵⣬˹Ŀ硣
ҡ
ȭͷžɫ͸졣
֪Լλʦӵвѧȴû뵽һôǿ
ٹսʦսӡԬټÿһݣżҴ̫࣬Ȼѧ
׶š
֮ǰãõھɣ˿̣ѧ֣̾ѪڣȫѪҺҪըˡ
ʦˣ򸴺
ԼＤĵ˵ͷٴοƶùھΪڰ˵ֺη
˵ӡ
٣žɫǺ졣
ǱҪΪ״ˡ
һʦҲǿʦǧӣʮ״Ϊ͵״˹ʥ
ʥӵĿʦ̹ʥУŲϿǰ
ɴ˿ɼǿ
ǰλʦʦ֮ǰ߸ӣȻ˵ļ򵥣룬ԺȻǺ䶯µľҪܳΪĵڰλӣǰ;˵
ż棬һʼҲûг˵Ѫɾ۷󣬲Ѫ֧Σδزӱһ۷壡
ԽԽž١
ֺ࣬
˭˵Ѫǿľһǿ
ΪżôྫѪţûһģ
ĿʦʮͣҲû˵˭Ѫǿ
ҪɹĲѪβŬͼϵģ
Լһλĺʦ
ʦǰԼҲŬܲܳΪ״ܲܳͷأһ֮䡣
ʦôֻҪԸžһ߾ȫ
ڵѪȼٲǣžҧݣ˹
ʦΪʦȻ˵УǾͿ϶Уûʲôɹǵġ
ܺã
ǰ˾ĵ˵ͷʦɣ
ھͰݣž̲סһ㶣˵Ҷùھ֮󣬲ʸ𣿡
ԼĶ䣬˵ùھ֮ΪͽھúԶûпܶδ֪ô
һЦ¶Ũҵţ˵ΪھǾһܳΪھʲô𣿡
ҡ
žֻûʱȫѪҺʼȼա
ܵԵļʦмᶨĿ⣬ͻȻֻҪʦ˵ܹǾһ
ⲻǹƻҲϴԣһǿҵš
ţƺǰѵ¶ʲô
ʦӦô
ڵϿ˰˸ͷ˰ʦžٴο˹
ʦȻ˵ţȻѾķ
ڵʵֻ򾳣Ψһİ취ǿΪһҹ뽫ô͵ļƵʥأȫûпܣǡ
ͣһ£һĿԶ
żҵġѪأ


1453 Ѫ
Ѫأ
һžΣǼӵܲܽ뼤ѪĵطѪϡûʸ롭
żѪأ֮أѪﵽһ̶ȲֱܽԵĺԶ
Ҵȥ
һҹöԷʥسϾԶսŴȸ֣ѵ϶ûа취ϾԷûͼݣ򹦷Ƚ
ˣֻһ·ߣ
żҵѪءıʱ٣һҹʮɹĿԲŻӣ
ң
ž㶣طǲ𣿡
żҵѪأ˶Խ룬ʹˡ
ʦһˡôܣ׽УһҪȥ
֮ǰҵȷ޷룬ûκ⣡
һ
֮ǰ޳ʱϸ۲˷󷨣ܸܺͼǰȫ©һͿ֪ǱУ
߰ɣ
ͣȴ·
ʱ䲻ٴѪظǰ

һſһСȦ׼һطһ㡣
ˣ
һ죬ػѪſڵ󷨻򿪣Ż˷϶

æ˽ȥžȥ
ٴκ£Żرգֲ쳣ͺûһ㡣
Ѫأ
Уž̸еȫ˷ܣԪ񶼲ͣ
㼤Ѫԣܲ

ã
˵ͷžϥڵϣѪԽܵƮʱ⡣
ʱ䲻ѿվ
˿̣֪Ϊ֧ӵܲѪˣǼģӣǡҲ޷⣬ͺĵһ
ȻҲûҪѹˡ
ʦ
žһΡ
ʦרŴȴΪ⣬ɲˣʵԽܡ
ż
޷Ҳü취
ǣ
ٶ˵žϥ
֮䶯ܿȥ
вʺϢڶԷǻͬˮһ㣬ݣμѪûκΰ취
Ѫȷ̫ˡ
üͷ
ʱ⣬ż£˵ģžżѪȴطʩչȼʵֻ̫ͣòʺϢҪУ
ͺѱޣֻܵõøУܹѱʵ̫Զˡ
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ҪѪܹһЩͺˡ
̲סп
ڸ̾ͻȻеͼһζ֮ǰγɵĽɫ鼮ķ˳ֱеž䡣
ˡ
ͫһ
֮ᣬǼĶʦҳžʵֵס
ûɱ˰ôֱܳˣ
ҪֹȻˣ鼮գ۹žüģδѪģľ棬һ˽ȥ
ţͿܵ⣬һ㣬ȫٶȣϥڵϵӿ
ǡѪ
۾Բһ
ղпžѪ֮˳ѲɣⶫԼľ̶ȣǸ֪ʶӡˣ֮⡭˵Ѫ
Ϳֲˣ
ѪоΣͼݵ⣬Ծζû뵽֮ᣬȻ
ʦҵѪ
˿ҲӦڷı仯žزͣԡ
ʦѪǾƷʯΪ
һӳеöƷʯ
֮飬״Ҳܶ˵˿ҲֻܽͣѪ
ǣ
֪ܲʦôģҲ֪˿̲ѯʵʱžæ۾סһöƷʯתա
¡¡
Ѫٶȣǰ˲֪ٱȫ֮ǰ޷򿪵ľ˿Ҳͨ裬ûκ
꣡꣡
գ۹Ϊͻ˳Ͼ򾳣ͣ
֪ԷûзԵʣָһ㣬򾳵ľ򹦷ڹȥ
˾Ѫܵʱ⣬ڣžԪ񣬶ʱʮ֮һʱ֮Уʼ׷
֪˶ã⣬ԪҲϸһ飬֪
ûֱͻƣͣһ£ٴνʥ龳ľ򹦷ڹȥ
׹ܻûﵽȴҲֻһȱ㣬˵ʣǰλȴϾؼˡ
ûдﵽûо򹦷ôס


1454 ȿʼ
κķѵʱ伫ֱߵ쳹ˣžŻ۾ĿдǵĹâ
ô

ʦҵԪѾݵʥ龳۷壬ֻҪӦò˶ãܰΪȥ
ž˷ܡ
Ѫأܽһµʱ䣬һ꣬ȴҲֻԪϵģʱټˡ
ڵžʮʱ䣬龳ΪʵѾաʵϣΪûͻƣֻ򾳳ڡ
ԪľֻҪʼӦò˶ãܽڽ
żҵţ֮Գˣˡ
ӦѾʼˣѾûʱΪϳȥһ߹ȥһȡڱʱܹͻƣ
һգȷʱ䣬ü
ԷĸһЩʱϻüһҹȥȻʼΪѾˡ
Ψһķǣ߱
ã
Ҳ֪ʱ䵢󲻵ãž˵ͷסƷʯһһ߽ʦ󣬷˳ȥ
Եĵطڵ䳡ʦˣӦ޷룡
뿪Ѫأž̲ס
żڲԣ˹սʦӦ޷롣
ֱԣ˿Ըȥ𣿡ü
ȻԣԺˣʱҪչ˵ġžͷ
Ǿͺãαװ˸ȥ
ʦʹážΪѡ
ʦˣǴ󲻾
ڵܾݣкܶģٳ߾磬Ҫֳָ㣡
ԷԪѪأѾΪݵ龳۷壬ٴᳵ·иָ⣬ʦһָ㣬ܱ֤һʧ
ðɣ
֪ʦ˼žͣһ£ͷͬ⡣
ţһΣò֮ǰģһԴݻƵˡ
αװܸżҸƣװһˣûע⣬ֲˣҪαװžȥμӱӦúܿᱻ
һ壬ֶζûУ͸ˡ
ˣȻżҵΪҲֻܰžΪΪ֣Լȥ
αװϣԼž˿ִ·ֱ䳡ķӶȥ
ˣѪ֮ǰƽӹڱ˾òҪʹãȻ޷ͣŽ
Ѫ½ļ壬Ϊ֮һй¶Ϣ鷳ˡ
ڳʦҲֵס
ֻǼȣʵ㹻УûҪʩչѪ
İɣʦ
Ҳ֪أžɫصĵ˵ͷһǰһ󣬿䳡˹

ż䳡żӵܣȫһá
϶Ϸĸ̨ӵܣֱһ޵еƣĵ˵ͷ
£һЩ壬ʱƣݬ룬ԿƣżҾ괫УҲЩ竵ӵܣ˵ȫǻϵġ
ˣܳ£ʼǵһ壬˿Ժ
δȣܸޣܲܣֻҪʵʵǿʵˡλԸʩչֶΣһʹ˾綾׻֮࣬ʦòıֶΣ̭Ҫܵͷ
쳹ܣĿ硣
ǣ
̨ش
ڱԣӵħֶεģʩչӵ칤ֶεģѱֶεģʹá¶֮࣬϶УνĹƽҲû塣
ˣԿʼ

䳡˸̨ͬʱʼһżӵܣ׷ϸ̨
̨ĺţսž
Թһĳϣ˳

ϸ̨һΣͷųʥأ۷壡
ԵĺӵܣƽʱòʲôõԴžҲǿ̫ˡ
žأѵˣ
һܣƤ΢΢̧
λ֣֮ǰרŴһ֧ӵܣ֪ʲôʺˣҽʥӵŵõ룬ƾݣŶ
ԣⳡֻʽѣȫɽҪ̫๦
ʵֻ֪гϾ۷壬ս࣬ɵˣ˰ɣ
֧ӵܶѣֵһᣡ
᳼ϣҾһ϶ˣֱɣ
žӰӶų֣̂һȻ
һ֧ӵܣҲʽֱж䣬ûҪ˷ʱ䡣
żңϾǺĵӵ£
Եһյ蹦Ȩ
ֱķ᳼֣ѹסۣܵ
˸̨ÿ涼һλֵĳϣȷĹƽ
λžμӴȣû֣ҲҪһʱ䣬жȨ
õʲô϶ǺµĲҳˣ
ȼûʲô˵ʵҵ뿴һٵģ
̨µĺӵܣȫһЦ¶˲м
֧ӵܣУûκݣֵһᡣ
Ĳˡ
Уţܿһյʱ䣬ܿյȷûǰ᳼ҡҡͷžȨ񡭡
˼ˣ
ڻＴ֮ʱһ̨ϣ
漴һӢӰ


1455 һʤ
䣡
̳ž˲ͷϵĺˮ
ҿؼʱ̣ʦһʱ䣬ȻҪˡ
תͷ̨¿ȥͼʦαװˣվڲĿһ΢΢һЦſǰࣺ֮ü
üΣ
Цһҡҡͷһָ
žס
Ը㣬һо㹻ˣ
ϳ˰ȻͻƵ򾳳ڣʵ˵ʲôھ֪֧ӵܣͺĵĲ࣬
˵꣬ǰһ̨̤գ۹ͳӰһѹ͵㸲
Ĺû̫༼ɣȴܵĿռ֣Ӳ㲻

žͷ
ǺӵܣÿһС
򾳳ڣĻæңžѪأԪѾʥ۷壬۹ʶԼ⣬Ŵ˶˿ȻᱻԻ
һ̤͵ƮžƷʯ֣ɿ
˵ٶȾܲ죬ȴйͺ֣ȫա
һжԹû˵ֺ
ЩֶΣҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
û뵽λ۵֧Ȼҵϵȱݣܹȥݱ࣬üë𣬱Ϊץջ˹
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Ϊﵽڣƶ˽ӽһǰͣ𽥱ȹ̡
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֪Ϣλ֧žϾ۷壬򾳻һξ룬շͻƣЩˣû뵽ܼ
ﵽڣΣ
۷壬кܴһξ룡
ĥǹˡ
Цһת˺֮ٴα
֨֨֨
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Է۷壬ǳ˲֪ã˹˿ʩչɬԵ
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ţ
û뵽Էͣþȫ˺ɫٴһû֮ǰӣһΣһȭ
ȻЩƲλ֧ӵܣУȻ֪þȫ˭ʤ˭δ֪
֮ġ
¡
ȭͷǰѹǰ̳ɡ״뻡֨ѽʱѡ
ʥƷ似Ѻȭ
һȭѺۣһ˲佫ȫⷽ󣬷ʤ
Ǻӵܲط֧ӣûεֵ
ȫĿ⼯žϣ뿴λļһӭС
ں˵ۣžûκνźͲ۾
ʶ֮УԷȭٶԽԽڴ̫
ǾѪĺô
һ΢΢һЦ
ȻûѪѪȫѾ̥ǵı仯
Է棬Уȴͷʱһ̽ȱڡ
ʦ˵ֹֻҪҪɡ
ʦĻʣָžһ˹ȥ

ָûǰѺȭĳѺۣһ㿪ʼѣղŻŽϣ¶ŵľ֡
أ
ؿڣžߴһӿеڵϣȫһʹҲ̲סѪ
㡭㡭
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Ѻȭж֪ĺ£ʥ龳ǿߣӲӣڡԷˣƵ
һоͿԿԷ۹⻹ǼʶѾԶ
֧
ôôǿ
ˡ
֪ԷʲôһЦž˫һžӸ֮⣬ǵȻ
һ̨µҪը
װ⣬һоܽҪСô˸ô׵ͽܣ


1456 ҿͻư
Ѫ̨µӵܣһŴͣ˵
ǿһ֧ӵܶѣʵôֻ࣬Ҫ֣Ȼᵱܣζû뵽ڽսܵһȻǺߣ
žʤ
Ҳû뵽᳼һ£漴
Ϊ£޷ȷӮô󣬻һָܣô꣬ټ
ԳϣʲôпܷҲвǿǱһٻģˣֽ֣ȴ𾪡
һսŷơ
ʤž̨£ϢٴȡƷʯͣת
ȱٵľʱ䣬˷һһ롣
౻̨һȺͬΧ˹
ô£
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˫սٶȼ죬žֵĵطǶԷ©ڣ̨²ˣûô¡
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ΪڶԷڶԷʵڶԷȴ̨Խܡ
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һߣ漴һλݵ˹
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ɫ
ûʲô˼ֻǾö˶ѡ
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СģԸһͻڵСһõСģ
ȨһΣһ޵еϢͷų
벽龳
ͫһ
Էսʵ޼ôһҹһȻͻƣ
벽飬򾳾ֻһСʵȴ֮ͬն
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ŵ˿
Ȩս֪꣬ʵߵͣڸͻֻҪ֣룬λ֧ӵܣȻܣ
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Ȩ˵һһϳʩչȫҲ֪⻹⣬ʩչͬѺȭ
ǫ֣̃̄ܵķӡ죬žüëһ壬ûнһ㡣
𣿡
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ۼҪ䵽Էϣͼž𣬵һЦں˵Ǿͻưɣ
¡
Ȩ廹ûӦ͸еһɾ޴Ϣѹȶֻڵļһһգ۹ͻ𣬴ﵽ򾳺ڣ
Ϊٴαžһȭӭ
أ
ȭƽͬʱˡ
ôܣ
۾ԲȨŵòڵء
һսʱ龰ۿͻһСôܼͻƣ
ඥҲûôɣ
Ҳš
ҧһٴγ˹
һõĲѺȭó似

գ۹̨ȫӰһɫԲžС
ʥƷ似ת
似ں󷨵İأһʩչͬʱ࣬Կ⣬ԷͻƣҲ򾳺ڣӳ
ÿٶȡ
мžе޷գЩѣΣüë𣬱
ܱƵʩչУˣҲԽˣ
飬һЦȨ
أ
̸еؿڷƣž˼ơ
ٺ٣İɣҲһ½ܣһһ֪ӵܵϣһСС֧Ϳµģ
˵߽й
žһʱûҵķЩæҡ
㲻ǻͻб¼
УмѿȨЦ
ղŲͻƵĺܿ
ôڲˣ
ˣҿͻơ
һĶͷžΣţȨ廹ûӦ͸еĵļһϢٴαĹͻ򾳺ڵﵽ۷塣
һ̣һͱԷסͬһֻӡ


1457 ͻˮϣ
û뵽һͻܼ꣬һסĲӣȨƴͬһ䵽ϵ㡣
ǰºھͳζû뵽
֧ӣ
ǺǿļҲûֲֿͻɣ
ͻ
̨ڹۿٴλ˻Σǰһڣûιȥ
ΪȶʱѾ˼ޣζû뵽սͻơȻӵ˺ͬʵ
Ϊ˳۷壬ķʱ䣬ۣԷʱ
ǲˣ
̨һȻֵķ᳼Ҳɡ
ڼô꣬츳ѣսʱͻƵģҲв٣˵ͻƾͻƣһô༶ģǵһΣ
Ѿ츳ˣ
Ҹָ㣬Ӧڶ龳ˣ۷塭ô̳һ
˵𾪲ͬʹǺɸ֡
žѪþޱȣ־ѪؼڵľֻҪȻ᲻ͣͻƣⶼʱˣС̫˰ɣ
֪һ˴ͲΪ״ˡ
˰ˣ

̨ź룬һ߼Ҵǰѹ˵Щʲô
˵һ֧ӵܣʤ
ǣߵͷλ֧ӵܣžһζս࣬۷ʵֻ򾳳ڣսĹУͻȻͻһٽܡ
սͻƣ˵ǼѣŶλžֻǸ֧ȴǸš
˵ͷ¶֮ɫ
㣬˵Ҳһְο
ڶսȨ壬ٴͻƣﵽ򾳺ڣƵȨʩչʥƷ似ת
߽ŵ
תʥƷ似УϿǰȨ⺢Ҽгɣ츳ѡ
ٴεͷԴɻĿ似Ѫٶȼ죬Ȼ΢ЩʩչˣӵԽսֻ򾳺ڣʤùûȨӦѾǰ벽龳ĸ˰ɣ
ž޷ʤͻˣﵽ۷塭
Ц
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Ϊֻ۷壬ƺû似¹в㣬սӦ䣬ʮ־µĹͣˣ϶ͼֲסˣȴڹؼʱ̣ܹȥš
ԣܵӦǰµĹ·ߣΪΣǰԷ
һᣬüͷ
˵սѾʮУµΪȻСȴƺûռκαˣÿһγУԷʶƣǰԶܣֻǡȻܹܣΪβ
ս˫ֻзܸıƣһֱܣ⡣
Ӧû취ɣϾʵš
Ҳ⣬߳һ£
û취һ£ͻȻʲôͫ͵һԣû취ǡǡ
˵⣬촽ƺԼðƶϡ
ʲô
ɻĿ
ǡͷ벽龳ȭͷ

һǸղͻ۷𣿡
ΪոͻƣѾйһˣԣһֱܣģĿֻһ߾硭
ɣǰһָ㿴֣һʼսûɿ
ţ
ߵͷ
λžղüΣգһֱǽգδɿ
Ϊʲôɱﵣϰ춼ɿҲûôˡ
ģһöƷʯϵ
һ£ʶæɢȻԷĵĶɣϵ˼սڲͣʯ
ǡ
ϵ˵ͷ
ţûô졢ŵġ
Խսʱ򣬻ڲͣǲԼģ
һأҵġ
𾪣̨ϵһȣϵϢȻ
ҲҪͻƣ
ɳơ


1458 ͻˮ£
žսΪͻƣζû뵽λ£ȿʼˡ
޴Ϣ̨ϼһۻü˽ȥʵԽԽǿͬһսˡ
ʹﵽ龳ˣΪǰͻƣû뵽ѹڣ
ѹƵԽͻƾԽǿ󣬸ղλž͵ֵڹƸǶˡ
۷龳ڣ̫ˣͬն
ٺ٣һﲻͻб¼
̨»Ȼ
žͻƵ飬Ѿкӵܣ̨ķͷ˿ȫˡס֣˶˹
Ϊܿλ֧ӵܣͻƵϷ룬û뵽ͻˣ
ڵʣӰվ̨м䣬˫磬Įһ֧ӵܣܱƵҽƶʩչȷ԰ˣ

Էشץ˹
Ϊﵽʥ龳ڣȸղ˽ӽһƻڿУž;һֻסѲˡ
֮ǰȱݣǰ˿Ҳˡ
֨
ڶԷ֮УžڿУôѲ
㲻ͻбͻƸҿ
Ц
󼶱ڣͻƣҲˣ龳ǣԿռôף
Ҫ˼򵥣ӵڣʮ£ﵽ־ģҲڣ㲻ʮˣ
ͻƣֻǡЩϸڣûƺá
ԷסžûκνţҡҡͷüͷУǳ
ûƺãͻƻҪƣ
һ㶣Цû취ͻƣû취װģ۴ﵽҪʲôЦ
ͻƣˮɵ£ֻҪ㹻㹻ֱͻƣơͻҪƣ˶Ǹ֣
ơ
Էţžҡͷ
˵ϻҪбܹͻƣϿʼȻα˽
īһȣӡ
֨֨
žϳ˹ͷѹƺʱܲס顣
ƣϣܹĳ߾磬Ҫ̫ҡͻơ
ϵʹžɲţεҡͷ
ĳ
̫ҡ
һûɣ
۷壬ͳ벽龳ʲôҡģ
̨һȻһҡͷ
Ȼ֧ӵܣû棬벽ѣÿżңûһ٣Ҳٴʮǿȥδ˵ʵʸҡģ
ϣܳ벽飿
̨ϣ߿˹
մ򾳳һ·ͻƵ۷壬һʱûУҪ벽飬ôģ
Ҳ͸ÿһҪۻ񣬳Ϥܽߣһͻô࣬󼶱Ӧɡ
ͣһ£Ϸ
ǲŶԷǴûͻƵģ
¡¡
ˣܱܲˣˡ
ϵĻδ䣬̨ϱץסž¶Ũҵϧ˫ſͻȻһ漴̨µ˾һҺǿһը
ţϵϢԽԽߣԽԽǿ󣬱һ㣬ֹͣ

漴䳡ϿգɫһƬƣۡ
⡢⡭
ܲɫһף鲻ԽĻζһ£ⲻǳ벽飬ǡ龳
ֻа벽龳Ż׽٣ڶԷ۷һͻƾͳ֣˵ֱƹ˰벽𣬿ʼ龳ڣ
ѹֶԷ˵Ҫһ¡
飬٣
Ҳа
¡
𾪣յ׵Ȼ۶ڣƺʱը
㡭
Ҳû뵽Էֱӳ龳׽٣ŵһ£ûסɢ
׽٣Ҳܡ
סڵĿһ̲סҧ
¡
ȫǰž˹ȥ
׽ڻû׻ۣҪʱ䣬ȽԷܣĺ޻֮αʤˣ
꣡
ûԷǰһ׵磬ֱͷϣͣð̡
ۣ
ѪҪɢһΣǲţû۳Ρ龳׽٣ôôǿ
˭˵龳׽ٵģ
žεҡҡͷڵͻȻ𲻶һ
龳ڣ
龳ڣ
龳ڣ
龳۷壡
벽龳
գ۹ʹﵽ˰벽飬ʼĶ龳
׽٣Ȼǡ٣


1459 ɸ
٣
ôܣ
һͻ󼶱𡭡
˶ˡ
ҲɫǺ죬һֶ˵
ջ˵Է龳ܣôû뵽˼ֱӳ龳ˣ
˵Щ츳ߣͻˮɾˮҲûôɣ
Ǹ֧
Сαװģ
⡭ܣ
ݷף鲻Խĺ˼һ㡣
۷壬ֱӳ龳ѹֶԷ˵ôһ£̫ҡѾҡҪˣ
һ󼶱𡭡ôģ
Ϊ˴龳ڽڣ˵˲֪ٴۣԷһ¾ͻơ
ǿҵƣҪѪ
ôһ֧֧ԷǺеĺģ
⻹࡭
𾪵Ըӣ̨µ˿
ղŶԷʱѪ֮ž̺һɾ޴ʱᱬ
ͼݣ˶Էķû뵽һֱͻʥصʼ龳ˡ
ϽѪġ
˼Ƭ̣׹
ԷѪ֮İ£쳣±λ˵еСţֻǿ
˾ѪѪвʱٶȿ죬׼Ҳ͵šԬһ˲ʵֱըʽӡ
ΪѪصʱЩ̣Ҵ󲿷ֶԪڵɼûͻƵ۷壬ʶⷽȼû뵽ЧȻͬѰ
һ¾龳ʼ飡
ѪǿߣǴСͼ򾳲ſʼ֮󣬿֪
ǵһѪ
пһĽ
žܹ˿ԽʽͻƣҪѪǿ
ѪѪ汲µ˲䱬ըҲܹˡ
ȻҪǣԪ龳ķƿԽͻƣ岻ʣŪþͻᱬ
Ѫһԭһ龳ѾﵽǱĬĳ̶ȡ
ô񱩵˲ȼûӦͻըɷĩ
˵žܹ㣬ʱȱһɣû취ƣҪҲ
ҲҪͻˡȻѧȲϣ̫ˡ
п꣬һΡ
սڵѧҪǿѲɣĲʺʺϸ
ߵˣһôǿǴܸС
ҪǿںϺȣԼǲǲʺ
龳Ĺһȱݡ
Ѽ˰춼ûĹٴξᡣ
ͻƣ龳Ĺû״ﵽ𣬾Ҳʡ
ô֣һȱݶѣӦú״롭⼸ȴﵽ龳۷˵
һᣬٶ룬̧ͷȥ
漴յƻ۵ԽԽʱ
ʱ䳡˶ˣսһɳķΧСĿҲ˳ȥ
ʦҸô죿
ԽѻԽžҲЩˣ̲ס
ҵ״׽٣Լɹ
˰֡
ˣ԰æ״֡
ȻΣգȴҲǶߵһֿ飬һֱη壬ʦȥڵôɳβܽ
ǣ
ʦĿᶨû˿أžֻҧҧٴտ˹ȥ
ϸҽģ׽ٿ϶ܹɹ
ٴν
֮ǰѪصʱ򣬲⴫龳ľ򹦷οҲϸˡ
ȻĶɽٷ޷ѧϰô鼮ǰ˵ľ飬ܽ˲٣֪γС
ã
ֻ֪Լһžһȣֱճ˹ȥ
ӹһȥԴ۹üֻ꣬Ϊ˵õʥӵĿһ㣬ͿԿҲǸԼ֮ˡ
˿̣ʦý̵ѾˣôڵѾˣǾԼɣ

ƺ⵽ս쳣ŭһֱߡ׵ĵâֱ
ҧžȫУ͵ӭȥ
䣡
׵ʧžڵ˵ϣڣ岻ͣƺˡ
ֻԼ
ȭͷǿסҪֵĳ嶯תͷȥȥ
ѧͺһտʼҪְֵĽڣɳҪˡ
Ȼһֱڱڳ£Զ޷衣
ˣŽһѧȫͳȥǶȥԷܶ
ĸ֮ӣΪ֮Զ
ʦ֮ҳɳĻᣬ಼ҵ
ž龳Ҳ˸Լʱˣ㻯岻־ˣȻѧˡ


1460 
׽٣ҪͻƣȿԲýˡ
޳ǰ
ǰһĶ٣ʥض龳ڣⲻܹȻΪһһˣɻ󣡡
ϵ˵ͷ
Ϊﵽ־磬׽ǿһ۷ֱ
λžԨ纣˲֪ķΧеǶͷƤ顣
ǰҪܹɹһʵǿŴˣȻǶ֣Ϊһѳɶ֡
һ֧ӵܡôôĽٶȣ
޳ǲ⡣
׽٣ϸѯһ°ɣ
ҡҡͷƺҲЩ㲻ڵ
˽̸еĵڶ׽٣γɡ
꣡
βǵ׵磬һâƿնܵĿռ䶼Ѻۡ
׽еױ
Ⱥϳĳ˿ĭ
ͨ׵ȭͷױǶ˱
Ȼͬǵâȴ˺üֹ
ɣ
һöʦĵҩž֮ǰܵƣȻָһһƷʥֶ
֮ǰ߼ıֻƷγɹʥӵڽһƷΣͷֱʩչ˳
꣡
ʥյױײգ۹ͱأ׵û˿
ָſǰγһ޴Բ׵Уҵĺ䳡ڳ£ͣζʱ
ҿﾭԣ˲ټӹ󷨣򣬵һ£ͱɷˡ
أ
ܵסױĹžҲ˫۷ڣڵ׹棬ҳһ޴ĿӶ
ᱻ˰ɣ
Ӧòᡭ
ֲ̫ˣڵִ³ܹģûмոͻƣҿԽһ󼶱𡭡
Ըû£Ȼ֧ܴﵽʵǼ£ǧܳ£
۷׷ףܵļӵܣһϴǳ֮ɫ
żܹ½ھȻң˳ţ˾ģ򣬲˳֣ںҲĸɾ

ǵǵʱ򣬿ӶµžλƵķ˳
ʱȫڣѾûһãɴžǿյƺη塣
¡¡
׽٣١
ٺͳϽһȻͬ׽٣ȴһһ£֪ǿߣˡ
󣬸Ҫ̺ĽУλžΪ֧ûõܺõľԿ˷
ɫ
ǰҪɹأҪмǿ־ҪҪмᶨҡֲס
޳Ҳǽš
żͻأֵţҪΪ׽ٿⲻǴʧˡ
׽ٻ۵ֵزֵܹġɣȥλܹžԲƽ֮ǰ飡
һ£ϵ
޳Ļ㱨У֪λʦѧֻԿ׽٣սٶƽ⣬žĶ٣ǿ󣬿ȥӦҲѡ
ã
֪µҪԣ޳һμҴԷסȥʱ䲻ǰ
ţ˲ڣ
ʶܿɨһԺ䣬δ֣üë壬߽һ䡣
޳ϣ
վ
֪ʦȥ
ֱӿڡ
һȥѪغԼӦûﲻԶ밡ôˣ
ʦϱߣžȻͺͶԷˡ
һ£
žһ⣬֪ĺ֮ûʲô£
žҡ
޳ԭأ˵ģʥӵλ֧ӵž
ǰҲϲҡͷ
žôʶ޳š
λոֳô󶯾ֳֺžˡ֮᲻ʲôϵ
ʶҲ֪ϵϤ
ҡҡͷ
֪ˡ
һ˼飬޳Ҵطȥ
Ѱ˿յ׽٣ȻϣȻ䡣
һ˲䣬žǽһã·ڣ𲻶ʱϨ
ֻǸ֧ͨӵܣż־ްǰûһλϣ㵱Դ۹¶ʲôֹ̽飡
ʦдĻᣡ
ɹʥӵΪһͨѧԱǴѪأǿѪ
ʦ˵ܶɹȥһܹɹʦʧģ
ǿҵִһǿ˲ڱŷ׽ϣȻ⣬޷롣
ǡѪҵĻҪⲻܣ
ͫ


1461 ׽ٶɹ
ԷѪԿϱѪ̸Ӧ⡣
ǰλž̺Ѫ֮ȻĶҪǿ
Ѫ壬ڼ˽ʥһ֧ӵܣܶѹƣϸȷ˺ü飬š
˾ѪֻСϼѵ
彩ֱ
СţһӵпѪͳˣֱӱΪõԴ
ֻϧʧˣ
ǰλžȻҲӵ˾ѪѲɣ
ԣžѾʮˡˣСŲŸʮ꣬󣬾һˡѪΪôǰδ
żң֧ǺģһͻᱻѪЩţ̥֤ⷽλž֮ǰȻ֤ģ⣬ͻмأôһӡûУ
ѲɼǴˣ
棬ȥýλžѪ֤¼ù
תͷԸ
ǣ
泤ϲδ쵽쳣ϷԸɣת뿪
ʱ䲻һ鼮˹
żҼѪļ¼֧ڣʮּ򵥣ϽӹæžҳϵȷԲϣȹ̣ϣҲûбԪᡭɵʱصֻµѪֵһᡭô˾
ܿ쿴˼¼ǲ⡣
Ѫרŵķ˹׳˽ףˣûκδ˵ôѪһöᷢ仯ͺ񵱳Сţһ𶯣ʦΪ֮𡭡
Ҫ֮ǰô϶ᱻģĬĬţʮͻȻͷųҫ۵Ĺâ
ȥλžЩ¼һ£ù
벻ȻϼԸ
ż鱨ϵͳͬѰžʦʱ䲻泤ٴһ鼮˹
ͷеݿ꣬ϸԻˡ
žƽȻЩʣżҵķΧڣʮƽӹΨһĸıǣĸǰͰٶȣͻȻӿˣҲ̫ԡ
ϣžҹͻǰȥҹڲڣŵס
޳ǰ
ҹ
Խɻ󣺡ҲԴ۹
֮ǰʦóߵ飬ҲǴ߳Īʲôϵ
£˭ҪߣѰǧҪڼ巶Χڵң
˰죬벻Ȼüģһ䡣
λļһʦǸޣһһţϧ̫ƻˡ
żңһ칦򣬾Ѿɹ̮ˣҪܵ巶ΧڵңϿ¶ס
ǣ
޳ͷת뿪
ЩٴǰȥͼžѾסһ׽٣ƣɢ
Ծ˶٣ȫûһã꣬ϵϢȴԽԽǿʢһɾ޴ݷʱȶ
Ƕ龳ɹˣ
Ǽ
һʮͳ־磬λžˡ

һǰöҩȥƾָ
лϣ
žӹҩ衣
һöżҩĻָмǿĹЧ
ûżãǸлһɵһ˸ǰһ˷ܣǵõ˺öĺӣżҪҫʦҳɹˡ
ţˣϸҩȥɣȻЧһ㣬Ŀǰ˵պö֢
˵ͷȥУֳô󶯾ϱȻѯʣҲ֪ʦұȽϵ͵뱩¶ݣνͣȿǺã
ǣ
žæͷ
ҩȥȻ˲٣תʱ֮ǰƣͻָһ롣
žȥ
лָ泤Ϸ˹
ǣ
žͷתͷһʦȴ۹۱ǣǹģƺ˯ˡ
֪ʦ͵תͷԸһ䣺Ȼסɣȥϣȥ㣡
ǣȭ
ʱǸ˵ݣȻҪжӦݵľֹ
ÿӵܶ˸棬޳û⣬ǰȥž
䳡ǰС
žǽš
Ϊ֧ӵܣôĵĵطǰδ
˵ܲõ󷨣֪·ĻУ޷
Ͼ桭
һǰ޳ͣ
ţ
ž˹ȥǸĴû̫ɣ̧˽ȥ
һţ뿴Ļ͸еһֱѹȶ
¡
͵ϢƺҪ˺顣
ʲô
ܵƷеɱû˿飬ž嶸Ȼһ


1462 רҵ͵
ڳֵû˿飬ֻҪܣ»ᱻɱ
֪󲻵ãžһӰ͵˳ȥ
أ
ײϣŷ֣ղŴ򿪵Ĵţ֪ʱȻرգ沼˷ӡ龳ڵʵȫһײȻ˿û𻵡
ˡ
ɫ֪࣬Ѿһһӭȥ
¡
ƷХ͵Ϯһ
꣡
һž͸еؿһƣ֮ǰ׽ٻûõƣ˺ѿһʹ
龳ڣ
һн֣Ҳ֪͵Ϯ˵ʵҲǶ龳ڣ֮ͬ
ߣ
ͬʵûʲôηģ͵һţڵһ̤д˳ȥͬʱĳ

жƷ磬ۻ㽵ѹĿһı
Ȼմﵽ龳ѪУԪ龳۷壬ԳԲİ龳ķڣ˲ʩչûκɬ
䣡
ӦѸͣ͵Ϯ˶죬Ĺȫ棬δ˵ֺ
ڿУžʱҲڿ͵Ϯˣģ
˴һ·ͣҲߣʶ̽ⲻһֹĸо
ʲôˣΪλڴϵĸۡ
üëһž۾

ԷûлشĻһΣһƽ
Է࣬оû̫žȴеŨҵΣ
֪ͻƺĵһλǿߣüʣž˫ü𣬺ӭȥ
츳ܲУԴ۹ʱҲĵһţսǸޡڿΣһһĴڡ
˿̸ǽһһڿΣսӦ䣬Ȼﵽ˼ߵˮƽ
գ۹ͺ˶սߡУȻգȴÿһζΣͷ֮յĶܹȥ
ΣգҲùͬʵ£ոͻƣˣϾõָ㣬սͰգﵽ˵۷壬йȻ֧
٣
֪й󣬱ȻܣͻȻһУһǿϢӰɲǼ䣬ͬȣǰһ䡣
أ
ž޷ʱɳȥٴײǽϣݷס
Ѫżҵˣ
ȻˣȴҲ֪˶Էݡ
ոʩչģżҵѪ

ɲشٴһݣΧʱƺĶбûžٴξӰζֱУҲ̲סһѪ
żҵѪԼʱø죬˿ͺԼĶˣ϶ԷĽࡣ
Уȥ϶ᱻ
˼ƣеһڣʱֲסž۾졣
ϣûȴһļһжɶԷȥò˼Уɣ
ˡ
֪˿ٲʵʱһ۾
Ѫתһ˲䣬ܵ龰һǰ
żҵѪ֮
֮ǰ޷ʹãѪþȻʮּ򵥡
ܷ˳Ӱߣ֮ǰĺۼ˿̱쳣
ߣ
˫ü𣬽һգ۹ڶԷǰһ˹ȥ
أ
šơȭֶָֹη׷£ͬһ㣬Ȼû뵽ǰλٶȣ죬ûӦͱС
ڿоѪڲͣȥҲײǽϣͣ

֪ѪʱЧԣžû˿ٴκ˹ֹ׷¡
ԷҲûô
أ
ǽڳѺֹۣȫϣҪըѣžһɱ֮ʱǰͻȻڣֱ
һ̣ž͸е屻һǿסá
ǡʲôʵ
ͫһ
Ѿﵽ˶龳ˣȻû˿֮˵ʩչˣٶʥأߣ
ѾǼ۷ĴˣΪҪɱԼ
סְɣ
֣ǰĿ𣬽ڵգ۹򣬾ʹﵽ붼ľ硣

žæ̧ͷͼǰߣ˲ըѣ¶һϤݡ
ϣ㡭
žԭء
ôû뵽֣޲صļһȻǴϣ
ѪһҪžôģ
Ͽ˹
ղš̽ңһžð亹
û뵽Է֣ǱʩչѪʦ͵û뵽Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
ͱˣ
ʦʦôʱ䶼û֪͵Ȼרҵģ֮һȣʵ̫Զˣ


1463 ʦΪ˵͵
ɽٵʱѾѪҶҪֻǲţһ£û뵽ˣ
ҲĿ⾼ĿƺԷֻҪһѣܿҵϣѪϡĿԺԲƣΪͻȻ˾
벻ͨġ
ݹۼʷδֹ
ҡžͣһ£֮ǰ׼õ˵˳Ҳֻ̫֪Ͼ۷壬ͻȻˣѪ֮ԽԽ񡭡
Ϊżҵˣ̫֧Ѫ⣬϶ǰλϣѾ˼ʲôɣ˵ԼҲ֪öԷȥ²⡣
Եøӽӽʵ
˼Ѫˣһ磬ͻȻü
ʣʣǸտʼɽ¶ˮĳһ磬ͻȻʾڲͬ츳
⡭пܰɣ
һɣžװ֪ģ˵ͷ
ܣ
ҡҡͷżѪǣʱ⣬ֻҪ̺Ͳ̽ⲻأ
ʱ⣬ǣԵޱȣֻҪڣͲⲻͺҹеһزס
˵Ѫʮ֮ǰ뼤ĿԾԽԽСֱʧǰλѾʮˣֶΣҪѣô̶̰ܶʱ䣬ʹӳϾ龳
ңڵѪҺ𲻶ԣѪصĴֻǸ֧ӵܣûʸ룬Ҳû鵽нѪصνѪشʵģ
ٴο˹Ϣѹȣ˺ٵĸо
ղŶսѾ̽ԷڵѪ⾫ѪصĴѪû벻ˣԷһ֧ôȥûָ£⣬߻ħ
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ٴοɫȻҪãô˵Ҳţǰܹģûмˣ
žһ
ʦ˫ܹҪǰܣǰλľʦ½۷Ĵڣóľǿģƭܡ
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˵ɣʵΪżң˵ϹᣬҲˣֻҪ˵ҿԱ֤⴫׷飡
ɶϽŵ
á
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ü
λʦѧˣ˫Ŀʦֺ̻սɣѪһͻƣûֻǸͨ˰ˣ
˵žѹԽ˵Խ¶ĳݺҲԽԽŨ
ʦȿʦ
ҡͷ
ûܱȵϿʦӹɡ
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½ľʦҶ֪֪һλˣɷҼ
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žλʦȴˣ֮ǿ
УʦȻųƵǿ֮һҲ֪ʵһЩǿߣڴ½֮Уʦãûм¼ġ


1464 
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˵λʦ֡ʦ㣬ÿһɳȻ䶯½պ
ѧôѧϣ˭ܵУ
⻰ϻΪѧʦĵĳݣҲЦЦһȡһƵ˹Ȼ㲻˵ʦ˭ҲͲ׷ˣżţżҵĴˣǼ͸˼ңֻҪֳƣۺʱεأżҵϣڣ÷
лϣ
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ƺأԶϢһ֪
żңʷһҲͳöʦֵżþһнύ
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ǰλžѪȣѾϵϵСˣһˣżұȻٴϻԻͣǼҲ˳ٲ÷
ƾһ㣬λʦĹ֮Ѿֵ嶼ж¡
˵һöӵʲôҪżֻҪܹҲԲܾ
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ڡͶԷʦϵһ붼û
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ֻһ֮С
Էһ˵žŸеȫƣһûУſڽҩȥ
ҩһڣ漴һۻεĵָ˵ϢԽԽǿ
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ѪתƼ޽ӣ壬ֻм֪㻳Ǽһ
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Ӧúžֻʶû̫⣬ȥһ¡ԺЧżңศɣһ価뿪Ҫ˷ˣ
ĿһߣȻѧҲĴ


1465 ĶԼ
֪Ѿ˼ӣԼòصס
Ȼȥʱ䲻ֻһҹһ磬žϳ⣬߶ȼУ˶ԵЩƣ
ʦżóţѾȺһˣ
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Ѿˣ
ͷ
żҼȣžճȥѾû壬ȻѾˣȻҪһĿˡ
ڽ߽䣬漴վУһͦϢڣڲԶʱи
սżҵĽ
߽һ꣬
λһź룬Щ

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Ӧż鷳Ҳ뿴ǵĽ״ﵽʲô磬νġٶȡ⣬кְ֮

û뵽һһֱ²˵һϣȫǲá
ʦ״õˮĴУӦò̫գս
Ҳ̲סǰһгһʵ죺ڱǰɸҺҴģ
ģ֪ԼΪΣ

¼֪һЩһżҾʹƻػ󡢿ͷŪĿȫǡȻϵ˿ݣƽϣҵΪżӵܣﵷҡܼ򵥣żҵĽԣˣЧżңñѣӮˣǵ㴦ãƻ飬Ҳһʹ
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Чżң
Ц
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Ц¶Ū֮⡣
ûʲôҴӦģֻǵûκôˣҪ󣡡

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ü
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żҽżѪѧϰ뿴Ҳûʲôܲ򣬾Ϳˣ㣬ҿԴӦ
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żҽûѪҪɣܣԷҲȻȻûҪᡣ
ˬ죡ͷڶҪǼ˽ʥѹΪұȽ
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˵ǡżҽԣˣЧżңñѡδ˵˭ʹżҽˣֻˣȫøǿ߹ֻҪżҽʤʹӮˣ
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ܹ֮û˵뿴żҵĽж
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ܲʤǣǲԽ޴ңھ͸ѶǲǴӦСԣԼ
Ҳ˴Ѷݣϵ
ȻǼϣ峤ǲǳ֣ҲԾߵġ
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ʣ
˵ͷѶȥƬ̺еƣһζһָ棬֣һ
ôˣɻ
˺ɡ
˵λսˣС


1466 һ
Ҳһ㶣һһΧ˵λ
ʥӵˣȻλǾȻֱӴЦ
ǲڳϵ̬ȣֱȥʥӵΪѰλҪǲ˶ʮǸû뵽ˣѾǼ壡
֮ǰҪǲţڻѾˣ
ؼǡ·ϵʱǻһ棬Ūˣ
֪ˣʥޣʹкˡ
ȻżңȥҲ̫
æڡ
Һǰ֪ˣȻܵʥӵûˣ޶

µʥæת򣬱ֱطȥ
ʣλǸʲôˣĺģΡʥٶȷɿ죬˿תͷǰˣЩĺż
֪ӵĵʲôסƣİɣȻһΧȷϣڹŵأӦòд
һ£һǵġ
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꣡
ĻԭЩǵɫЦһ¶Էؿڣ

ѶƣٴһΣһѶϢݹָһ㣬漴ޱϵĶ˾ͿһӰ񻺻š
һ꣬Ļڴ󣬽鳼ɳ
һȻıǰ
һ
ԷòζæסͣƺЩƲס
òƺ㡢ҡ
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òǺҲ񣬵۾СʱһģһҾϴȭͷ
ʮǧٴȻӲ֪ģԿ϶λĶӣд
³ò仯ٴ󣬵һοĳԲģ
һ飬һѪŨˮĸ顣
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ѪأЦǻ˵Ѫأ£ֲǲ֪ôԴǿӵģҲûһżѪżûκιϸ𣬵ҵѪܸӦҵĶӣд
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ȷϣ˲ٶ˵¿һۣҡҡͷѾ˽ѵһ٣֪żҵ
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ڷеʥޣܵŵòһӿеȥף׹䡣
߰ɣֻۼ˲֪λ벻ǣھЩûκ壡
˰˰֣ٶ˵ʣµʥޣǰӿٶżҷɻء

ѾͬˣֻҪʤǣͻȶ
ٴ˽
ͬͺã
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ʱһ˲̣âӰ˲䶼ʧˣۻʶ̽Ѱ
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һĻ֪ǰλһ֣ʩչǿġٶȡ⣬̲סͺ
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1467 żҽ
㡭
ԴѾιȥգ˱齩סȫ˵һ仰
ǾλţҲǿ̫࣬ζû뵽ʩչȫһжûסԷָĽûʹãһ߹ȥͽˣ
ɣ
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յʵ֪ĺڽⲻҲһһǿߣԷãͻܣźǰ˵϶ҲǶ֡
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ղǵȷʤ֣ʩչżҺϻΥ
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ˡη໥ϣʦ޲ڣǿ
㡢ź۶ʩչģǶ˴ĽУϣȻûýٶȱø죬ȴҲӿ¡
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ȻˣϣܹеһԼȥǵĽؼ

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֣뽣˺ͽˮµĶͬһ֮УƺʱỮƿռ䣬ָߡ
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δ䣬ͻȻһ죬漴˿ǰġ֣һϸ΢Ѻۡ


1468 ⽻
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ٴԷȥͼ꣬ͷ­΢΢̧𣬲֪Щʲô¶ŨŨļį


1469 龳۷
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ҡҡͷ
Щ죬׷׽գŭ˶Էһ͵ˣԼͻƣ֮ǰչģȫƨƨ˹һһѻ˱ս٣Ҫƴ
Խ࣬˵ôԽ˴龳ֱӳ۷ˣ
֮ǰ龳Ĺһȱݣ˽ٶ⣬ƣȱȻڣˡ
ɣ
һХֱ׽ٳ˹ȥٴνС
һ«ٴη˳׻꣬Ҳͬ뿪Ű
֨֨
Ϊ龳ڣֱ߽ͻơ
龳ڣ
龳ڣ
龳۷壡
ʱ䣬Ȼﵽ龳۷壬벽飬Ҳֻһ֮
׻Ĵ£ҲøԲû龳ĹȴҲӵ˲龳۷ʵ
ٴδƤ½Ǳ˽Ӱ㣬ӲޱȣƷʥ̫ࡣ
ڶûյ֮һ
Ϊ˿ûȴƣü
֮ǰֻҪգǰ߱Ȼӣҿ⣬Ϊһ󼶱ˣȻ֮һûꡭʧô׽ٺη壬û˿Ҫ뿪ļ
«ȼһﾡҲڲͣգ˲޷в
ʵڲУ취龳
Ŀһ
龳Ҫܶ࣬ɾƷʯĻȻϰ٣ǰ׽ʵ̫ˣ󣬼㽫ѻޱʵԣҲʲô
亦롣
ۻ롭ǳ龳޷κһˡ
ֻǡ龳Ĺڿûγ˵һͷˮȫ֪
һʱ䣬Щ
ǰ㣬ҲʯȴţôգؼǲջС

·ǰһȥϵ˿
֮ǰλóͬУܣӦҲ̫
һԽ⣬ȷְҵΪҲΪѹܱʦУΪ״ֻǣ洦ɽٵëҪһ£
ҡҡͷϺߵ
˶ɽ٣Ҫǰ׼󷨡ҩһӦȫ׼׵ҵʵطٽгˣֲ̿ѣ³ֲλãͻˣֱӳԶΪʲôط
治֪Ըôܻôû˴ģ
ں˼룬ͻȻϿյһѺۣ漴һԴ˳΢΢һЦ˹
ʴϣ֪żҵĲʲôط
⣿ôˣ⣬ֻżҵ˲ܽ롭
Ȼѯʣһ£漴ü
żҲ⣬ֻżҵˣܽĦһڶԿ׽٣ʲô


1470 ɱ
׽٣̫ǿˣڵʵЩⲻס뿴ûйڶ龳鼮ûлƽ⡭Ȼ併żҶҪ𣡡
ͷ
вɫࡣ
Ȼǣֻǡ̫ǿˣҲƲס
ҡҡͷ˵ͼе׵Ҳܲס̽Դ
æء
꣡
׵Ĵ˺ѣдˡֵĴ̱һ޴Ŀʯɽ
ֻԶɽٵˣУ޷У¶ȻҪƴˡ

ȭͷ
ˣ϶ͳȥˣԷ֮УҪȥ϶øǿ޷ܣֻҧҧһ˦䣺뿴żҵؼҲԣżңΪһԱ򣬾޿ܣ
ֱ
ΪżҵһԱٴ̽ͷˣ취Կɣ
ż޳ܣܶΨֲ롭εİɣ
꣡
һ׵磬ٴͷ
һƬٻ
㡭ԼбԼԿ棬ʲô£
ϿҪˣȡ
ԼԿҲԣ
ͣһ£֪ţ׽ٲܶɹһҧӴ˳·
Ѿ޷գûκ壬ԣܲܺһӲ׽ٶɹ˵
䣡䣡䣡
һ·׽ٶʱҵй㣬ŭĵâֱ
ʮÿһˮ״ϸѻһҪռ䶼˺ѣܳڵѺۡ
ǿ
û뵽һ˺һֺ飬̺ŭһæ˫һӭȥ
¡
ֲס˲ͱĵɶҽػζ󷨡ݻ١
ȸղֻ¶ͷҪҡ
ɶ񡭡
ƤͣݶҪҧˡ
׽ٵƣȥӣżҹƾͻ᲻ڣױɷ档
ô½һ壬Ȼһ򾳵Сһвɻûκΰ취ǿҵŭҪըˡ
ϣô죿ȷڶɽ١٣취һȥżұ׽ٻٵ
ɫǺ죬޳æ
Ǹս٣߸߼׽٣ٵżңҲܹܣ١ǼͶˣˡȥô½һ壬кˣ
·ߣ
ȭͷеŭѹס俴˹
һȥ⣬
⡭żĹޱȣһȥȻʱȫٵڳ׻ٵżҵĸԲС޳æҡͷ
Σȥ飬ɡ׷ҪȥȻᱻٵҪζԵڣ
ٵżԺҲڳ׷ˣ
Ǿ͵ڶַ۾𣺡λնɱ׽٣һȻɢûΣˣ
նɱ
޳һ¡
նɱһλʦΥʦõĹ򣬵ò˵õİ취
׽ǸģֻҪǰȻͻɢȥްв
ɡλʦѧֱնɱʦᷢŭ
޳ɡ
ʦʵ֪ĺûͨԷֱնɱѧڴ˵ߣԷһżַʧ֮󣬾Ǽ峤ϣҲе
Ҳܲˣڿɻиõİ취
һ˦䡣
ҡ
޳ס
˿񱩵׽٣û취
ղŲ˵Ҷ龳鼮ʵڲУЩȵ׽ٽˣ취ˡȻ˵Ѿ˰취ֻû鼮ѣ
һ£޳
˵ʵ۴Էȥ⣬ǽնɱ²ߣõİ취ǽؼйżңⶼǺ󻰣Ƚǰľ˵
Ҷ龳ؼкãѲɣͻƶ龳˵ͻƶ飬٣󣬸ѿƣ
ҡͷ
Ϊ˶Է龳ؼܽ⡣
һͻƶ飬ҲΪǿĶ٣ΣѸ
Ūãһ׽٣޷״ݻżңģ
ҪӦԳΪǧˣ
¡¡
˶ԻĹ󣬸󷨱ݻ٣ཨ
£յƣҲһ£ڷ籩֮еڣЩƣ
ȻͻƵ龳۷壬׽ʵ̫ˣ㱻˲Կ⡣
ڣÿ꿹ⲻס׽٣ģʦҲ˵ʲô
Ŀһ


1471 ׻ʦݱ
Ȼǽ˳ɹʧܣ䲻ླΪյģÿеģ֪ͬô󣬱ֱʦ۵ӣҲִֻܹ֪磬ֵżҡ
ȻǰǣС£Ҫ¶
ô
һ£޳
ܵʧΪʦݣڼ˵õѡˡ
λżҲһңȻֵ췭ظ֪ʧüȥһĻҵһΪ½Ц
޷ܡڵʵܿס͵׵磡
۾
λʵܲԿӴ٣˺ܴһأϢĽ׵缯йȻܽ࣡
ңһٶҪ죬Ȼޡ޷֣ûˣ
Է޳裬ӵʥվʵһ϶ֵ췭ظҪҲˡ
ǣ޳ͷ
ȥ󷨣ṩ۳ǿ취סܵĿռ䣬޷ߣ
˵ͷϰн
һܣżҵĺĽ׽˲٣޳һ˵ͷ
һﲻżңͻ᳹׻ٻű𣬻Ϊǿ
屻Ūһ飬Ƕʮǰ
и̾ԥ޳Ĵ˹ȥ
ʮǰֱʣνʥ֣٣һ룬οȻϴСö࣬ʱûгˣȴҲżˡ
¡
ס󷨣ܵʱյƻۣ֮ǰСһȦļһõ˲ٴα׳
ô£
ڵüëһ塣
ô񱩵Щⲻסˣôٴˣ
֮䶯ܿȥ̿żҵлۣ伱ͣۻ롣
żѵҪҳ֣
һ̣ɵҲ׹ɫһٴܹ;һǱһ޴סҲ˷ֺ
ռѹȡ
һʱô¡
һλ֣ÿռΧ׷ﵽ龳۷壬Կռ򣬱龳˿ҪǿΪ
̫ˣͬһȼ
¡¡
屻ס̿ϵҺϾҪٴ¡
ˣôǿԳܲס
ͷ𣬺ˮʪ͸·
ȻȾƷʥɳԽվ׽٣ֲ̫ˣҪ϶ֲסɣѾȡ

æתͷ漴ڲԶϴĮ
סӶԷͷŶ
λϣҪɱ
ȥ϶ֻ취۵ٶȱһЩ
ȫڣָѲˣȻżȴûоš
ʵҪѴǿµĽǰΣ֣Ψһİ취۵ٶȱʧȥǿĹ
㣬ֻһ̺׵磡
«գٶȣϲż󷨵Ĳǡ
֪ʱ䵢鲻ãҲ˲ϻ᲻ᱻ˷֣һ׻̴ü˳
Էֻ׻ʣᱻ

׻һ֣֮гȥ
ʲô׻ꣿ
ʶǿܵĿռǱƿأһ۾Ϳ˲Ծͫ׻ʦ
׻ʦѹ壬ΪʦݣһﲻʦѧΪʦ
ôӵ׻
ͣ£
üëץ˹ȥ
˻
سһѺۣӿֱ׻ӿ˹Ż֮С
գͨ׻ϣڻڣ׻£ôηһΣӰ鵭ʹ˹ȥ

⡭
û뵽ȫû˵Էһ
֮ǰԷʦö֣ھȻֶԷ׻ʦҲͲס
˻
һָӿһ㡣
ռֽһ˺·ͻʱգ۾׻ǰ֮С
û뵽һ׷ᣬ׻ɫһҲָӭȥ

ԶԷԽҽԷĽһ̸ı˷򣬱ֱϷȥֱ֮С
¡
ܵٴͣøӾ޴漴һִ׵磬˳Ž˹ֱͷ¡
ʲô
Ƥһ顣


1472 ѱ
Ϊʩչ׽Էնɱôû뵽ԷĹתƵ֮С
׽ٲܴ棬ȥ򣬻ԽԽ󣬶һԹߣʩչԵĴ
ˣ׽ôǿһֱû֣û뵽ȥԷȴԷ֮С
֪ȥֵܻᱻֱٹ˲ȥ׷ɱ׻꣬һӭȥ
꣡
ܳһٴε
ʵǿȻʥأǿȴҲ˲ֺ

ֵ׻꣬û׺ʧ
׻Լ
һЩš
֮ǰöԷճ壬ǹʲҲ巽û뵽Ȼġ
׻͵ֱ׺Ѱ·Ǹʲô
ǲѰ·Ȼ׻ʦɱʦҲ鷳
һ̧ͷǰɱڿеɱڡ
Ϊʦ׻ʦնɱ
֮ǰֹ˼ɣھֱӶ֣϶Ҳû˵ʲôˡ
ָ⽣ٴڣ㽫Էն࣬׻޴ȥһ¶漴һִ׵˹
㡭
ͷƤըϼæӭȥ
¡
׵ʧ׺һ㣬ͣһһһʱЩæҡ
ȻЧ
׻꿴̲ס˿
Ҫ֣Ŀǰʵֶȫսʤû취ֻܹй¶׻ĺۼ취öԷ׽١
ֻҪϣԷǵǿ֮һҪܿҲûôס
ɢȥֻһ취
֪϶ʱڣûʱȥ鷳ᣬǰ׺۾
η壬ֻһ·ߣǾǲͣգöԷ¡
ûпͻƵĹ֮ǰֻգɡڲգὫŪֻܹעһˡ

һͺȣ׻͵ܵ޾ˮ
֨֨
ޱգ̱֮ǰԿƣѾﵽʮңڸǿ
û֮ͣǰΪ̫޷ںϣŲҹգ˿̣û취ǰ׺ֻУη壬ں棬ܲܽ᲻ֺ֢Ȼܲˡ
̣
۵ԽԽ죬֮ǰ޴ǳУΪģͣ䡣
ʮһף
ʮף
ʮף

һӣ׻ͳ˶ʮףվ֮Уͬһˡ
ҿԼգ㳹𣡡
ܵԽԽӴߡ
֮ǰޱȣҪնɱ˿ƺе˺£ƬƲͣ£û֮ǰ硣
Ϊ߹ð˴̽йὫһû뵽Էĵ׻꣬գҪɼȥƶҪˡ

ûԥ̫ã˻Σߡ
ܡ뱻ոɾҷԸһмȥ
֪˳
֪ûԼʶ֪һĻҲÿζŵˡ

ͣˡ
·³һ
ղ׵粻ͣϮӶȻʵǿҲͷƤ飬ûס
ڼȻͣ£ӦòṥˣĿһתٴοԶɱڡ
׻ʦ˵ö֮
һ˹ȥ
ղʩչ׷Ҳѧˡ
꣡
ûǰһִ׵¡
׵磬ȸղŵĻҪǿϮҪȼһԿϢ
⡭
ͷƤըץ
ղǹ׵磬ҲǹġôˣڲģҪԼɣ
ؼǡԼҲˣǸɽٵڲԶûһ㣬˫۽գ˯һ㡭㵹
ȻȴҲֵ֪˿̵ʵҲҪˣ֮£һȭӭȥ
˻
ռѺۣನ£ٴ󷨻ٻ
ȿȿȿȣ
ܵסҲһˣ˼ϳ˽
뽫һɱˣɢ
֪϶ֵסһҧȭͷ𣬶ٴκ
ûԷǰ׼λһٴ¡
꣡꣡
ͷð̣岻ͣ磬ٴȥͼһﲻ֪ʱ۾ڿвͣζƺʱȥ
ȵţϢһᡭ
˵꣬һ׵磬ΧĿռλ·˹ȥ


1473 ʦ
㡭
Ҫˡ
׽١
ǹɱģǰֿģ
ĿҪըȥһͼյ׵磬ٴαȸղŵĻҪ޴ûǰŰҪ˺顣
û취ֻüֵ
һ̣ȫϢҲή
սٻҪǿʵܳվؽĳͷвѪɢ˲̶ͬȵˡ
ϡ
󷨣޳ΪѾɱˣʱԷǵû£Ϸȥһ֪ͣôˡ
ңȥɱλɱ׾ûˡ
ֵסһ׵磬
ǣ
֪Σ޳תͷ˹ȥ
ʱѾ˵ϣƺһ岻ͣζ鴤ʮֹ졣
ɱ
֪һΪɶ鴤޳һҧ˸ȥûǰһ¡
꣡
ͬûϮһ׵£ûӦ޳һͷڵϣĻڡ
赽ô£
ҧͷ³Ѫ
ôоڱһأ
˶ɽ٣޲ýɱôһɽ٣ƴ˭Ҷ֣˭
ȻֻЩҲͰˣؼǡЩģû£һ¶ûУڵϣȻ¸ƨ
𾪣ͼ޳ٴδӵԷȥûǰֱһ£յ׺վһâͣ䣬գ۹λϾͷ³ŤһŹֵƣͣɢζ

ץͷ
⣬Ȼףǹģ
ϣϡ
һʮλϷ˹
ֵô嶼챻ˣ೤ȫ֪˴£ҲͲס

ɫһףϿû׵ٴ¡
һ󽹺ʮλͬʱӿеȥһԴڵ棬ޱȡ
ôˡ
صĳϣż̮ཨϲ
ʮǰνʥܴ֣˲ˣҲ˲ٽɺαȣǲ̫ˡ
Ͳлٻǻˣ
żҺ㲻죡
һһѪ
³ѪоһЩһ̤ҧ˹
㱻ҲҪȽһɱˣ

ڿУ׵粻ͣ˷·ڹϺɢ㣬ȻƼأʵܼ֣ڱ
ڵĿģƴˣҲҪȽԷնɱ
ԷһɢżҲ͵þˡ
һ
ڵϣѣεƴ̲סҡͷ
һ
ҪɱԼɣ
ؼڣû취
̫󣬾ǿ˲٣ֱǵͷĿѣЩӦ
ޡޣȥ赲
֪߶ѣüģͺ

޳˳ֱӭ
ңȻҲ
ͷð̣ͷ𣬿ʥޣָһ㣬޴ӡ䡣
֨֨
޺ӭȥ죬ͬ㽫ȫӡ

żҺ׻ٻڻָžҲѹصķ棬һ¡
ʦ
漴ڵϣͣζɫ׵Ҵҷ˹
ôˣ
ǵǡ
Ȼżӵܣһֱ֧ûܹĵŴżҳΪ棬û̫ʦˣż
û¡ֻЩӦһͺˣ
˰֣
̫ǿ󣬺û취ںϣ֮ǰͲµģˣѾû޼ɵˡ
ҪΣ϶Ҳ
Ϊʦ
ž˿æͷ
ţ
Ӧһ۾ڵĻ壬תܿķٶѹȡ
ת˰죬ɾͷѣԻָҡҡͷ۾
ͻöˣûô׽ȻҲֱӻˡ
žֵô󣬿ܺżҵĹϵ̫ýˣΪʦмǰҪ㽻
֪ڲǵʱ˹
ʦ뽲žæ
ѪżȥСһܴӦ
ͽףžͷͬʱЩɻ󣺡ʦ£Ϊʲô
ô֣صĽһС£
ΪʲôΪ
ҡҡͷС㡭ʦ


1474 ŵ
ʦ
žһ
С֮ͶţĶһֱǼСšû뵽Ȼʦغˣ
ѹС˵ϲˣѹʦһͲŪļȮżҵˣҲ΢ʣһμһ١
˰죬ԭ
ʦģȻʦͽҲԽ񣡡Ӧæȭ
һΪʦΪʦǸʦĸʮҲҰ
סͺã
˿˸ѣΣΡΡվ˵ЩʲôͻȻӦʲôһһƳġ

ʱƣĹâʲô
һΣΪʦƿһӡͳֹѲɣ˳ƿڶˣ
æȥȻâҫ͸¶ǿϢ
ҪһΪʦڶΪﵽʥءȻûͻƣսͶԿռ⣬ʥǿ߶δܹʤԡΪͨ˵ڶƣֱӽ⿪˷ӡ
ܿ죬׹
ҪȻӲԱ׼ʵȷϣ֣ܹԽȻڷϱ׼ˡ
⿪ڶӡʲô
ϴν⿪ӡƿǿΪһڶ⿪ҲЧ
һ˹ȥ漴һѶϢԺ
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⻰ãһϿҪը
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±ϱʦãϸ飡

ü˵ٴѹ

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ֻһۣ˳ʦ㣬ţ
Ȼûȴʦϸģ
˿̵ţżͿϣһٵ֮
ʦң
أ
ӰʧѶơأըѡ


ʮһ ˻


1475 ׷ɱ
š
ȭͷ͵񱩵ϢѨӿҪը
ĴѶƣ̫ԶǽղŴѶģѶϢķʥӵĳӦյŵȣȻⷽ˹ѶƣҲΪܲסӶըѡ
׷ʲô£ôżѶף
ǵٹѲɣԭ˱ʣ
ʦ
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ʦ˱ʣҪȥ۾վֱ˼ͬһٴѹǰȻ塣
䲻֪žʲôΪʦԷΣգµɽ𺣣Ҳüͷ
ôȣžǵǡ
λʦݣȻ֪ñԭٹʵӦˣȥа취
ؼǣԷֻ˵ĸ֣ʲô£ȫһĨڡ
ʲôΣգΪʦܵһ˺ˣˣΪʦĳŵ
֪ԷЩʲô˵һһץġ
֮ǰһδͣû̫ôڿʵ̫ˡ
üë
򿪵ڶӡܽ䴫͵ʥӵؾΪǸ߹ܣڿˣ
ղǳѶϢҪ֪׷ʲô£ͱȻʥӵٶԶʥޣżҷɻȥûд£Ҳ
ôʱ䣬ϹȥűȻΣգ췦ˣ
ͲһˣԿٻصʥӵҪʱ䣡
žΪʦˣͽ˵һӦ£ûɣʵڲ˼Ժлᣬһæѵһλνʥ
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ʱΣģ˲ˡ
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žæͷ
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ˣ
һâ̽ڡ
ޡޡˣߣ
һȣһץ

ʥ޺ͺ˾޴ͷ­գ۹ʧԭأһ̣ӰҲ鵭漴ʧӰ١
ɶˣˡ
߸ʧǱ߱ҽĴ͵ش˳һҪ
ղϵľ޴ͷ­Ȼ֪ʲô̺徫Ѫܿģ
Ҳ˵Է׻ʦ˵ֶΣ
ʦ׻ʦˡģΨǿߣ
ˣλҲͺ֮ǿαװġѹһżҾ͸ƻҪŪϲɣ
˺ĳޣǼһ仰ܻġ
ܳ棬ʶӳĴ̽ҪѰϧΧаӰ
أ
žɱڡ
ۿ󱲣ͶԷһġ
ϡʦѾʹô뿪ˣ
žæͷ
ⲻܣһ㶣͸¶Ѫ˿Ȳ˵óҪӵгʥصʵÿμҲҪѼۣżУȴҲʹãôܴ뿪
󣬾ʦܹãǣռеİأÿһʹãѵĴ۶̫ˣżңִ½һ壬Ҳʹá
ȻҲܳʥ뿪ˡ
һôⶫ뿪
Ĵ뿪Ҹղۿ˿ռ䲨޳˹
׵һᣬˣŻָ
Ȼܹˣڵ˻̫ˣûʮµĻָҪص۷壬ǲˡ
Ϊͣӵ󷨣Ȼɣ
޳ȷϣٴѰһ飬λȷʧӰ٣ҧɳơ
֮ǰ˵ȷϵĻξԿȷˣ
ʮôǿʵӵ׻ʩչ˵ֶΡڸóżҶʹõĴ󣬲룬Ȼߣݲͣ
ʦȻΪѧֱ֮
޺ۣӽ쿪ʼżˣȫ׷ɱλһץסɱۡ
ҧһХ
ˣ
滰һƷգĹΣӣ쳹żҸۡ
һ˲䣬ӵżѪӵܣȫ
ڼһʹмӵܣΥ
ȫ׷ɱ
ȫʱһŭŮʱը޺ۣôĹ


1476 ʦ
¡
˾͸еһŨѹ͵Ϯ漴һŮӣֱֳֳ˹
ûǰ͸Ƕ룬Ҫ˵Ѫ˺顣
νʥ
ܵɽͷƤһըæȭûü˵âȻǰ
أ
ֻһ£ϵɳȥڵٴҳһӣؿڳһѪܵ˿ڡ
㡭
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첻ӷˣҺҶ֣
Ůüһг趯
̣
˼֮УͣתϵĽԽԽ࣬Ѫͣӿ
ʵǿƥڶԷĽǰɲѹ
أ
һ̣ϼһѶǽԫ֮УڴڵѪɫס
˺ôһᣬֺޡսˣʱٱԷĽѹֻȫһûˡ
ȿȣˣסְɣ
ţһһλ

Χ೤ϣˣȫˢˢȭ
żҼСŵĸףλ˽ʥ
Ƕ֪żңþȫϻʱ˲٣ˡ
ס֣ûһ
ɫͳνʥü
ˡԲûֹ㿴ڵӣȥҪˣѯһ£ô˵ɣ
ͷεЦЦ˽ʥ
ߣ
νʥһ˦䣬ö˵
ٶ˵˽ʥ˿æתͷԶĴϣô£ΪҪ´նɱ
λżҺ󣬴ƻżһһҲΣ
޳æȭ
ƻ˽ʥһ£һָܣ˼Щ棬Ľ
һͿżȫ̮ˣô£û뵽λġ

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⡭
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λӣϲƻżҺ󣬾ֵ嶼ȣû뵽λй֮޲ƻƺһ¥
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㲻˵Ѫۼһʩչ׻֮ʩչ˵ıµĲпܲ壬ˣ
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ǰһָ
˼æȥ
ǰĴд󼸰ףȻ·Ƿ棬ƾǵʵȷԿм˵Ϣ
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ȷ˽ʥ̲סʵ
ġ
ϼæսһͻ׽ٵϸ˵һ顣
٣սٶҪƴ󣿡
ͣرĵط˽ʥơ
ĺӻţžɡ򾳾ô׽٣ؼ˳ɹ»
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νʥߵ
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ʦ
ˣ˱ȭ
ţʦ΢΢һЦ
ʦиҪѯһλˣԳѧ֪ʱգ
䣬̲סʵ


1477 ѧ
ֻһѧ󣡲ʶʲôʦҡͷ
ʶ
ȫһ㶣ǴϺ޳һۣͬʱɴ۾
ϸλһʼѧõ״û뵽ʦ֪
ǰЩһֱæµûʱѧֲǲ֪ôˣԳҵѧ
ʦɻĿ
ǣиˣԳ״ӣղŻżҴ֡
æ
ð״Ǻôĵӣһǣ뿴
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ʦ½ʦϿûаʦðѧʦΥġ
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Ѿ뿪ˡ
Σϼæ
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˵һ򾳵Сӣ㿹ս٣ýżҵţ黭ѱޡ顢ְҵҲ˿ɵУ
ʦס
ǣ
ϵͷʮӵһҲˣô࣬츳ôߣһαװ
αװȷѱ𡭡˵Ļôߵ
ʦҡҡͷͬԷĿ
ˣαװ࣬þʦȻۣضôܣңŪżҶɹ
񲻵ڱ¶Լ
αװʲô壿
ǲˣô׻ʦֶΣʩչ˵ķϵ
ðҵѧ׻ʦֶΣܵﵷҡһ˼Һһ棬ǿ֪ô󣬴͵˺δ
΢΢һЦʦ˺档
֪
ҡͷ
󷨻ڻܹƲһԷ󷨣ʮָֺ̽˵͵δˡ
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ϵ˲˵æ·ʱ䲻ղ뿪ĵط
վԭأʦͷһۣüͷԽԽƬ̺˹ԷʹõĿһģƣ
ָһ㣬ǰһƵӰͷųɫĹâ
סҵĽӦǼƷʥϵͷ
֮ǰýնɱԷԷ赲һ۾˳
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żСšʥӵ׻ʦˡѧһﵽô£
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ѧǼ٣ôݿҲģǶ԰꣬СŵǶĻʮãȻѾ֣ȥһ棬Ǽ٣ȫˣ
Ƭ̣ʦ
ҲҪȥ
νʥҧһ棬Ҳģ
ô꣬òȷϢܴϵȷϣûκιϵȷϣɲġ
ҲãһΧ̥ܳһţӹŵضһеһУȽϷϣһ棬ȷԽܣ
֪Է飬ʦ˵ͷ
ʦǷѾ֪͵
⸱飬˽ʥʵ
ǸƵģûȥʲôطӦ֪ʦ˵ͷ⣬ǻʥӵˣ
ʥӵ
˽ʥƤһ顣
һΧĻӳʥӵߵ·˵λżңŻ˼ֻȥˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣÿһΣɴ
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һ£ʦ
ʦܲӵȥصĴżûֱֻ·
·һҲܵȰµķУҪĶˡ
ãʦǷһ𣡡˽ʥͷ


1478 ؾ
һת˲ͣѣΣͨһڵϡ
͵Ḷ́ǹһ꣬ǹһ룬ǰֳͣ仯ռҲڲŤ
ۣ
ſ˳ϰ죬Ż
ѹִ޷ռʵܲס
һᣬһЩղŵľЦ
ţʦܲڴ½ʦ÷ֲΪβܽ󣬸һβף˶Գģ
ȻȾƷʥܲסͨˣΪﵽʥأȻ룬Ҳᱻɷĩ֪ôģ
ģ
׻ںϣɾЩܣ֪ʱǵʱ򣬻վܿȥ
ݵϵѶϢӦʥµؾֻʥӵĵܽ룬ǰͬ
Ȼ۵ռ䣡
һᣬĿռԶ污ȷǸ۵ռ䣬ҲԶûŨ
ڵĵطǸܹ͵Բ̨вõʮָ
ܹżң͵⣬
߳Բ̨ǰУǰܿһɫͥԺֲïܣˮһԴ֮С
ͥԺ漴һʯǰĸ֡ͫ
ʯȥϸСķģϸͫей켣֮ǰʥڵĸϸ
ӭؾ
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ʥ
̲סܡ
ʥ
ˣֻһȻ޷ʾΣ
ƺ֪ĶЩ˵Ȼƽӡӵ㹻ʵͫˣ
㹻ʵ
֮ǰȻͫȴϸ޷ɹǹΪѣҪͫһ磬ҪйҪĻϣ򣬵ƾ쳵ɣ
ʥ
⻷֡
ͫѣʲô
ͫоأоġͫҪɣеĻܴ̼˫ĿǿؾרΪͫġ
֪Ĳ⣬ʥ͵
ţ
ͷ
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һЩԷ°빦ԵģڱĳˮУиõĽ档
ͫȻǲܿľؼȻûôףҲˡ
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ʥ𣺡ʦµͫͬҲĵᣬѧϰգҪгɣҪԼĸ򣡡

мʯ֣ڲԶ
Щʯȥͼдĵúᡣ
ȷ
¼Ժһͺ

һ鼮ǰᷭ̾Ϣһ
ǵʱ۷ͫںЩ򣬾𣬻ǲ˺ܴһء
Ȼûﵽ𣬵ںô֪ʶٶȻúܿ죬ֻǡ۾кܴ˺Ҳ˵Ҫ۷壬кܴʱäˣ
֮ûͫΪиȱݣвͻᵼ˫Ŀʧ
㵱Ŀʦ״ͫĴʼˣ̹ʥûѣɲ룬Էĺ󳾡
ʱûѧϰͫĴ㣬ɷ뿪
ٴоһ飬ȷûкð취ڵ
뿪ؾֻһνĻᣬｫͫľ磬Ժ棬¼ˡ
û뵽һͳȥؾûȥʥд֡
ϵʥӵ֮λԷδܾ̫Щ
ѧΣգΪʦģֻԼİΣ£
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δûʱģ뾡ҵ취ˣѧϰͫ㲻۾ҲҪѺܳһʱ䣬ʵû顣
ѧգʥͣһ£ȷҪʧȥΨһһλ᣿Ϊѧ

ͷ
ֻҪŰȫͫ˲ѧʥӵ˲
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Ϊѧô࣬Ǹõʦ
˰죬ʥ𣺡ǲĵģؾֻܽһΣһȥ޷ΪʦΪѧֵ𾴣ܹͫĵľֳֵһһθصĻᣡ


1479 ̫Զ
صĻ᣿
ס
֮۵ؾ磬Ϊ磬ءʩչʥصǿߣ׹Уֻأʦ̹ʥʩչһ˰ˡ񻰣
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ʥ
лǰ
ȭ
ȻͫδȥѧԷһᣬǼˡ
ʦ½ʦмӣѧΪʦʦΪѧᴫΪ̸ֵþء
ΪѧѧϰĻᣬһλ׼˵ˣϾʧȥؾпһӶ޷֮ƽľһӶܳΪĵ
Լѡ񣬲лҡҪ뿪Ҳܼ򵥣»ص֮ǰԲ̨סͻԶͳȥ
ʥ
л
˿û˿ԥתԲ̨ȥǰȡ
ˣ
һռ֮˺һ̣ٴһΣȻʧԭء
ΪʦߣҪвػΪѧλܳΪһλɫĵʥӵߵĸԶ
û˿ͣЪ뿪ʥп
һ˵ػĳɾͣǰλΪѧĲƣƾ㣬Ժɾͱؽ
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֪ʥۣٴεڵϡ
Ҳ֪Ǵ͵ḷ̌ԭ򣬲û֮ǰ಻ӦҲûʱ֮УλԴӵҿһȦ̲ס˿
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һǡ
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ҡҡͷԭֻڼ֮佨˴ʥӵûӣǽ⣬ķʥޡ
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Ȼ˶֪
Ĵ͵ģ

ʥԬңҲаµ·̡
һµ
֪ǰλ飬Ǳԭڴ½ı֮أô׹ȥġ
¡̫ԶˣȻ֪ԭľλãûа취һ󣿡
üëһ壬


1480 
ʥԬңԬӦڣĻȥôû̫⣬ɰµ·̣ԶЩ
Ȼ벻취ǡܽΪβܽһֱӴ͹ȥ
󣿡
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ճϴ·ˣ
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ʱ䲻⣬ָ˷˹ȥȻһŹڴ󷨵鼮飬ʤ
ʥӵӵиְҵţ󾡹ܸȴҲвǿоβáȷλáռõķࡣ
ͷ۾ɨ˹ȥ鼮¼Ժ
ȷ
һһǰæ
󷨡
˿
鼮㹻ɹγĲ󷽷ָһ㣬֪ʶԺ֮ǰ󷨵⣬ڻͨ
˼ȫ꣬󷨵⣬ȻȾǳڣټܿѧ˵ؾ磬󷨾ܰ˵Ѿû̫ܡ
ʱ䲻ͳ⡣
ȥ鼮̧˳ٴҵճϣճϣ֪ɷоż죿һã
ܹ˴Ĵھż󷨣оżܲá
ż죬ûУ
ճҡͷ
ֻǸʦô˸죿
֪ʥӵ˭ּӣ
ʵ
ղʦӦСˣҾͲˣ˼һ£ճϵ
ղʦ˵ͷ
λղʦһ棬ȥԺʥӵĴΪȻﵽʥأʵǿż죬ҲȷֻʸӵС
˾õҲûƿء
ʥӵǰʮֻԻ͵ģľʦкöλֻûе죬˲١
лճϣ֪ںδ
׹ѯʡ
ӦڵֱӹȥѰҼɣ
ճ΢΢һЦ
ã
˿ͳһһķȥŸոշͻȻȫһ
ڿмæһֱƿ˰ߵľ롣
˻
Щ͸еղڵĵطռһ±˺ѣһۣջڵ棬һ޴ӡ
Ҫɱ㡭
һڲԶըһ㶣æתͷȥ漴һڲԶŭ
࣬㷢ʲô񾭣
һ̲סȡ


1481 ķŭ
ǰ͵ϮģǱˣλѣ˸磬࣡
ȥżҵʱ򣬰Էֿ׽٣ԷҲնɱԼõĺֵһô̶һ²ģˣ
Ҫʵ󣬶ܵĿ죬ˣ

¡
شĻһȣӰͬ磬գ۹ǰһȭѹ
˿̵龳ʵѾ׹̣ȭХռ䱻ѹһ㣬Ӳ˹
𣿡
û뵽һ˵Ͷ֣һ˺ľУͷƤһը
׻ûгںϣҪŵ֧ţͻ˯ȥˡ
ⲻЭӵеʵ֮һʩչ˿̿˿͵Ĺֵ֪סֻһܿ
꣡
ո뿪֮ǰվĵطٴηռѺۡ
ʹﵽʥض龳ټѪԿռսˣͨĶ龳۷壬¶δܹ⡣
˻
һûУ˹
Ӱǻ˿ռ䣬ٶȱҪϼ֣ٴǰ˿ϢĻᡣ
ȥżң£ûհɱˡ
ΪԷûԼ֣һ߶һ߽͡
ͻãһͷƤը
ùˣװĸûһ
ҪҪˣ

һ˫͵ѹ
꣡
̸еһѹĿռ䣬Ҳá
׻ϣܴ˿ֻ龳۷ʵҲƽ⣬ڣвͣѣΣʱӿе䣬˵ƽ⣬
أ
һȭؿڣɫһףɶ˵ϣҳһӡ
вСˣҲŸ޺á
ŶսϢĴճ϶ˡ
ƻһΣʦͻһΡò˻ˣ
ҪҲͰˣܣô
ǹᵽ˭˭ˡ
ĺɺһšٴγ˹
أ
ֱһ˲Ǳ˰˸ȭͷȥ
ˣټⲻںϣѣΣɫһףѪ
㡭㵽׷ʲô裡
תٻָƣҲ̲ס
׷ĸ񾭣
֮ǰúõģôټ񾭲һһͶûУ
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˫͸죬ٴǰһ˹
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֪УҲҪˣٴҧǿסԺеѣΣһץ
¡
ǰĿռݡ
ֻ龳۷壬ټ϶ԿռͬԺͨ龳۷һսྡܺǿҲϸ˵֮ۡͼʹõĻԶǶ֡
žણ
ռŤĽû䵽ϣڵ棬һҵĺسһӡ
һգһײ˹
أ
Ҫеѣθٴ٣ٴλؿڡ
¡¡
һ㣬ڵϹ˳ȥһʮ׿խĴӡ
ٴһѪ
ţ
³Ѫǵûղôס
ԷĹȻǿҲȫɱ˵δ࣬ƻĻܣҲ˵㰤ϣҲֻƤˣɥ
ֹ£ܹӿںϡ
ˣԷĹںϾȻһôλϣ֮ǰԿƵ˿Ȼࡣ
ɱҡ
׶Էɱ˿ڿ鲻Խɻ
ǰһﻹֵܣһ£ôˡ
أ
ĹȫϣƤϾܾʹȴϡ
֮ǰ׻궸Ȼʮףڷ״̬˿ڶԷĿ񱩹£ںһٲֱ˴ˡ
ĹÿһУ̺˿ռ׻ϵìܣĳ£õ˻⡭
ܿ죬׹ô¡
ҲǶԷģΪǿߣԿռԶͨˣÿһȭ£пռ͸Ƥڣպý˻ꡢ岻ںϵ֢ᡣ
֮ǰһֱţνû뵽һ٣
ǰβڱᣬѭӦˬ
أ
֪˶ãѾûĿȫǣ˿ͣ
ò˵һĺᣬһ˵ģЩƣԷûһݷԬ¶ֻǿ
Щƣ壬Ҳ뿪бԶϡ
Ժ󡭡úöã֪һɱ㣡
㡢㡭
ͷƤһը۾Բ


1482 Ľ
ղŻãһﵽ׷񾭣ͣԼ⻰ףǷǡȻ֪ԼصĹϵ
ǰӴʱһֱͶԷ˵ߣ֪νͣڣ֪ˣȴеҵ𺳣ӶҪըˡ
ѯʣΪε֪漴ȻԷѾ֪ԶʦѧԺˣ鵽ԼӦòѣ
࡭󡭡磬ҡ
һʱ䣬֪˵Щʲô
ԷãȷΪأǵöԷ죬Ҳ
Ϊʵ֮ãʵȴ׽á
ΪŵĹ⻷С󣬶ûʲôѡˣȻأҷʵȴڽ֮ÿҹԿһڷϣ췱ǣ˵Ĺ¶
λģûа취չָܣֻԼŬõģһֱţҵϲˣûô¶ˣΪϲһԼʵǿ춯صˣû뵽㣡
ľȣ࿴ϵķǣ
ҡ
Ρ
ȷ
ϲʱΪߵ̫ˣ֮ͬն
ϸ˵ȷ䲻϶Է
ǣôϣ䲻ϿԼģ
һиУͺ飬ֺСףһۿȥ֪еǸˣ޷ӱܡ
ЩҲˣϲˣҲ١ϤȻƽʱϲҲ̫ף˵Щɵǲģ


ͷǺߡ
磬ǿңң
ò㴳һǿòã
ؼǣﲻˣ
׵òá
˵ɵŴɵأ
˶֪˾飬ҵһţżҵλ˿ˣ˫ռºôǡ֪֣ѹڼΣҪǡ޷ѵˣ
ɫȻۿ죺޷ѣҵϣܹһκҵİ飡һԼϲˣǱ
İɣ£
λ˸磬ڵ£æ
λСû֣żҴɳȥıȻžԼѧνĻڻ飬Ҳһ仰¡
ٲִˡ
ǡλСһֲҪķʽ֡
ʲô취
Цô򵥣ƾõʵͿѣҪ˾
治룬޾ǣʲôΪѵģ
ԽԽԻˡ
ѣһޣһȢͬʱڻ飬ʲôѵģ
żҸ㶨ľ̸Ӧûʲô˰ɣ
㲻֪Ǽ򵥵ҽô򵥣Ҫǡ
˵⣬ͣˣ˵Ҳ˵ӦڳϣɱϲǸˣǡʵ̫ǿɱ£ҲȥҲΥ

һ
˰죬ԷݺݵҪɱԼΪɼ
ȥɱɱˣɱˣʵû취
ܲݣӦҲˣΪ֮ɣҲϣϲˣû׳ɳͱɱˣϣΪġ
վ˫ֱ󣺡չ㣬ˣڵʵѾңҲչ˲ˡڵֶμ࣬ҪСһЩ
лѣ
ȭ
ˣԸղŵķԼ϶ͽ޺޷ųˣôܸԸ
ͷޣҵĸ֣ҪնɱԼҲûôף
ٲã߻ܹġ
Ϊ֮ɣ
ٶ˵һΣֱǰȥգ۹ʧҹ֮С

뿪ҡҡͷתָƣҲվ
谮ãϣܵ˺ԼϲˣĿǱġ
ûֱӳԼնɱѾǿˡ
İɣһúöأܵκ˺
ȭͷ˵ͷ
ͶԷһҪ࣬ϧ
ĳŵҲǶԼĺصġ
һˣӦеκ͵
Ǹø磬ҲǸѣ
һ̾Ϣ
࣬ȷǸø磬ٲԸ⣬ҪҲϸء
ݣҲȷȻҲԬ̺ˣĸԸΪ֮
ȥղʦ
һᣬƳ׻ָ֪ྭ£϶鷳ٳɣٴķ˹ȥ


1483 ɣ
ղʦ˫ֱڷתһȦüͷɸ
ϣô
ķһԭأһöѶƣҲ粻
ŵϡ
޺ۣƹżҴȨô꣬һзִ磬Ȼ´λȷʲô޷ԭµ£
ѶϢ꣬ϵ
ǺżҴϽ֪꣬һأʢŭҹѶ˵ߣæץλʥӵѧԱżֳ˲СĶ
ǰֻʦѧղʦüë
ʦѧӷͬ꣬ʦ״˴ͬ𡭡λȻʲȴһ޷죬ҵǣȻ޺۳дҪǲֽס£żҵĸ飬Եʥӵ¹ʣƫԼѧԱ
ϵ
⵹ǣ䲻֪żҸʲôȻ޺۳󣬾Ͳܾܾȥѯһ£ǲʲôͷ͵͵ˣһ֣ýֱ̫࣬ץȴżҵ˹ǡ
˼Ƭ̣ղʦһ˦䡣
֮ǰãλǵѡˣȻ֪ǷǾͿ϶ץȻҪץûκΰӵ塣
ȻżǱҲý
ãȥ죡
˵ͷվţŵ
ղʦڣ°ݷã
Ȼҹң
һۣλͬʱһ㶡
̫˰ɣ
ȥץˣãֱӳ˹
ܴ޺ǰѣȻһֶΣһᣬԲһ£ǲ޺۳˵ģܵ󷨣ǧˣ
ͣһ£ղʦ
ϵ˵ͷ
ϣղʦݳȥ
֨ѽ
Ŵ򿪣˽
ղʦϡ
ŵĸҲڣԴɻ漴ȭ
ҹã֪ʦΪ£
ϣղʦ˹
ѧϰż󷨣Ѱ죬ղʦó󷨣һ£ղʦԸҸۣҲУ

ż죬ҵȷСʦҪĻһЩҲ޷ֻǡ
ɻĿղʦЩ⣺ż󷨣ǣռ䷨򣬲临ӣʦΪӦûûﵽɡ
ż󷨣ȻǣռأóԳɶ졣
ҪѧϰҲҪﵽʥأоϰ꣬ż֮Уŵ󷨶ԲóǰλŸտʦΪͻͽҲ龳ʵѧϰż󷨡
ǲЩ̫Զˣ
ֻǺ棬ûָһξܲóɹ
΢΢һЦ
Ȼѧϰ󷨣һΪδùûһξܳɹʵڲУҲԿǣεĻҲܽܡ
ʲôǰͰѧϰģһͣ
û˼ΪԷԼһҪѧϰоղʦ˵ͷ豭һڣżľż󷨣һٶ֪ʦҪѧϰһ֣಻ͬԣҲͬһǵܳŪûַɣ˼
ǣռ䣬Բõģ졢󷨵⣬ȱһɡ
벼ô󡭡
ͷ
͡
ղʦһûպȽĲˮһĿھż֮жڶ⣬һʦһʼѧϰ󷨣
󣬷ΪѶϢӰƷࡣ
ܹѶϢģʮּ򵥣һЩǡʦܲáӰ񣬾ҪǡˡƷʦɣǣ̫࣬ǾʦѳɹһΪ龳İʦδѧż󷨣ֱо
ͺëʶõˣһʼдͤһ
ǣҶԿռУղרȥѧϰ˴Ĳ÷һ£
ý󷨵£ģĵ
ԿռУ
һۣղʦ͸ϰͷ
֮ǰԴϵĴѶЩɣò̫ܣһһ˵ҪѧϰԳƶԿռУԷ˵ġ
żҸʲôص£ӻʥӵ
ͣһ£ղʦʵˣȥżңôûһ
м£ȻˣǰӦúܿش
£ѵżЩ죿
ղʦü
Щ죬һ֪£Ҳס
Ǿˡ
ȷ˲²⣬ղʦٲϻʦ˼ɣ
˵꣬һץܵĿռ̽
ʱסΣ޷


1484 û
ʲô˼
ܵȫ֣ͬ޷һ
ֻ죬裬Բ裬ʲô˼
żҴ޺ۣѶҪʥӵˣΪѶϢдȻ֣Ϻżֳ죬ҲĽìܣǾ£ǹģΪʥӵԱֻҪ̫أҺ͸ȫΪ֮ͣ
ղʦ
ϣ
û뵽£üëһ壬ҡҡͷһ£Ҫץʱ뿪ûյǹ
ΣڵϦʱ䵢󲻵ãȻҲֱӴżҶõͷɻˡ
͡ѧϰᡢ졭Ѿʮˣٲ㣬һų£񲻺
˵żҵìܣһ仰ܵͣģǰλУʦδܹ
ͲˣֻץסǾУ
ǰλǵûú£˵ûգһĸҡҡͷһһ֣գ۹֮˸ʵ
λżҵĶԹԼм£Ҫ뿪У
üͷ
ʲôż飬żҵ飬û°ɣ
ղʦҡͷһԸϣѺȥɣ֪ͨ޺۳ϣ˹
ǣ
ϵ˵ͷһսյƤ֨֨졣
ȻǲԸУǾͱҵˡ
һ䣬ԷͲһ뽫ץס͸żң֪˵ȥҲûκ壬ҡҡͷޣˣ
¡
һζͻأǰܵĻ棬ȼա
צǰһסͶϳһڽڣ˵ϡ

жִצٴһ
أأ
ղʦ͸ϻûӦ͵ɶһǽϣؿڷڣѪ
ޱʥغڵǿߣİ£Ǵﵽ۷壬֮ǰʹսЩˣû׻ָȴҲǶܹġ
󷨡
ԷȻͷųǿ޳裬ղʦҲû뵽ɫ࣬͵һ㡣
ˣ
ڱ׼õ󷨣ת޴ѹȸдӶһգ۾ͽм֡
׼סģʱֹֻסͷһ˵
Ȼ䷢쭣˭ƿزס

ס޷ŭı𣬴ִβ͵һɨ̳˵
Ȼʥ۷弶ʥޣʥӵڵͬСɣʱڣȻѲ
ȽץסֻҪƷ޳ǿҲҷ
ô޳裬֪ǰλżֵöȻСղʦ֪²ɣһȣӰһΣץ

ǿҲֻǸ޳裬ֻҪץסͷˡ
ߣ
żңΧȻҲץɫ࣬վԭһУҴſ£

޳ǰͬһץ
أأ
ղʦ͸ϣٴεɶ
ʥأǰ۷𣿡
ڿѪǾ֡
ͷޣ֮ǰۼֻʥ۷ʵô̶һ²Ȼﵽʥˣ
غ;ؾֻһȴ֮ʥޣһսͬն
𾪣ղʦҲͷƤըҪˡ
һͷʥصʥ޾𾪲ˣһͷôѱģ
ѹżҶסͷʥޣͲһ˿赲ģ
ס
֪ڲ𾪵ʱһҧһģһ㣬콣·ߣޱҪȥѵģâһͣ档
޸ոͻƵʥأղʦ粻֪ˣ˿ʹ˱似һʱǰ޿κΡ
ǣƿ󷨣
֪޵ʵԸָһλá
Ҳʶػ޴һΣָλãβ𣬱ֱ
꣡
һ죬һһζס޵ɲǼ˺ѿ󷨱ӲƻҲܲסȻ䡣
ƺܵսٴο¶ŨŨķŭһӰǴռһ㣬ֱӴ͸ղʦĽâǰ
צٴ͵䡣
žણžણ
ղʦ͸ϼæٱ赲پֱۿҪըѣ֨֨죬ʱ۶ϡ
ʥ۷弶ʥޣͬʦѿ⣬οǡ
֪ڸʲôʥӵڵĵطԴ϶֣ҪĪҪһʧ㣬ǧźޣ
ֲ֪סᱻֱĳüëһȡ


1485 ־ܻ
ԷµĴñӣҡҡͷһڣͣ
Ȼȴе
ʥӵǴ½ѧλȲʦܲҲ̫ˣָʾ޳ϣڴߣһϢʱᱻ½׷ɱ
𣡡
зŭɲΥѹͣ
ղʦ͸˿ֻϺˮ乣·ʪ͸һ롣
Ҫֹͣѹ£㲻Ҳ࣬ˡ
ҲԶλ֣м£󲻵ã£
ȭ
ǳ֣ʵΡ
֣ܲ汻ץסżҰɣֳô󶯾Ҫץȥλϲ˲Ź֣
ߣ
ԴɵĿһ۲Զޣղʦһŭȴַ
ΪֻǸץסѧԱû뵽̶һ²Ȼһͷⰿľ
żֳĲ죬ԺԼιֻþ죬ղʦȫ
֪ԷĲãһϿҡ
á
ͣһ£ղʦһ̶һٶ죬ÿһʼ̣𲻵͡
ż죡
Է̬ȣ»ָʹ޳趯֣Կȸȥ
лղʦ
һץģϸһһȦ֪ô˿תͷѾ⡣
ɣ
Ķղʦ˲ŷ֣ⲻԶվһӰԭ꿼ţ
ʱŮĿɵùԲ촽ſصķ棬Ѫ˿Ǳѵĵϣ˶ľġ
ֻ죬ֲ
ֵô󣬸ôճ
ôҲûãԹԷ˹䵽ǰ
ұԭϸλá
𾪵ı飬ȥ
ڼ֮ء
ҳɣæԭľλãͬ
ţ
˻Ժ̹ճһͼ
ôԶģϲ˿ȻƫһȣͲ֪Ҫ
վԭӣ˿ָһ

ĵֱܷ˹ȥ
ˣ
ڵϣһƻζƺγһȶ۵ռ䣬û׳Σࣣ͡һ˲ըѡ
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ʵ
ܵѾһΡ
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ʱ򡭡
˼βܳɹʱͻȻһȣ漴ղʦ͸ͬʱ֡
콣ͬǳգ۹ʹ޿ƵķΧһ̣˾ͷС
޺ޣעȫϣû뵽ѾŹĶˣͻȻ֣⵽ˣâ档
޳裬Եϳ֣𱰣ʥӵ೤ץзɡ͵նɱ
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һѧԱ޳豩һ٣ƿأ̰䲼˴
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áޣ콫
Ҳû뵽ʥӵʾԼͻȻ֣ɫҲһڷԸ
𣡡
һ޴壬͵гצ䡣
ڣ
ղʦüëһ£ĵĴתɢҫ۵Ĺâǹͨĳգ۹ܵĿռͱϳͿռһӴʱ˱ĵܣ޷ǰֺ
󣿡
۾
ʥӵûڣ˥˲٣ǿҲʥسڣǰʱ򣬼Ϊǿģ
ÿһλӵ֮۵ǳʥصĳǿߣżҵĴ϶֪ٱ
µĻ󣬾żңǰδܹƿο
ˣʥӵ겻Ȼƾʥسڵʵͱ˲֪ٻˡ
ˣƲһסǶѲ
Ҳ󷨵ǿ󣬻ޣæ
̣
תʥӵ೤ϣҲͬʱ˹һղʦĿ⾼Ŀƺ㲻׵׷ʲô¡
־ܣ򡭡
ղʦдĮ


1486 ʥӴ
ʥӵУʷһΣһλѧôͳϿһ٣ҲǵһΣƻŪ̮
ַУϡкϣ
ʦô죿
ʥӵ೤ռ䶼ݷףɪɪ
Ǳԭţսɡôƣ
һ˶ԿʥӵҲԿǰˡ
ô죿һץסȥžͲˣ
ҡҡͷ
Ǳ龰Σܵ飬ҪץסȻᵢ󣬸οղʦ˵ģͷ϶ٲˡ
ԣ־ܣ޷ܡ
ûﵽó򣬵ݣĿ飬֮£ҲֻӲˡ
㣬ҲͣſѾתĻڴһͺ
ȱݣ
漴һ鼮ǰָһ㣬֪ʶԺ
һ󣡾ż۷󷨡Ȼǿ󣡡
ʥӵĻǵʥ£־䡣
ʥӵÿһλӵۣܹ֮ȱݣꡢôλǻںϣǰ󷨣ȱݼ٣˵ȱҲˡ
ֻߴȱݣǼУٵˡ
üë
ͼݵĽܣǰĴߴȱݣȱݲܶ٣ֻҪУ˵Ͳ⡣
ޣޣ󣬵סЩһĹҼо󡭡
˿һ󷨵ȱݣԼ仯ȫӡʥԺ
˵ʱ괫ѶϢ׻ǿ㣬׾١
𣡡
нյѶϢʥȫһ
֪λˣͲȺζû뵽ǰʲô󷨣գ۷˶ȱݡ
ЩȱݣһʲôһӰˡ
޳Ǻǿ󣬵ڻǰʲô㲻ϣȰ㻹ǿơ
һ䣬λǵû£ɼڿϵ죬ղʦ۾ٴ𣬿Ҫը

δ䣬͵ϳȥУִצâҫƿնһ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ̣ޣ޳͵ŵԣһͷײԶһ
ܹ֮ǿѧԺĻˣܵ
צ󷨵һڵϣײ£Ľϵ㣬ɢ
ȱݱգ۹ǿƥ͵һǱ©û˸ղŵ
¡
ղűڿеӿֱղʦ
⡭ⲻܣ
ɫףղʦŵòûӿеȥ
ʥӵĻǰ͵ϮʮΣÿһζ޹֮ǿ㲻޵Уȴܹ
˷ֻһ±ͷʥƽ⡭ôģ
ס
׽ûãڿУһӡ䡣
ʥƷ似ӡ
ʥӵε˫ʥӵĹˣʥڣһС
Ķǻޡ
һƿ󷨣磬ƷϮ㶼㣬ͷ­𣬱ֱ˹ȥ
¡
ӡͷϣͬ˾Ʒʥ棬Ʒ飬һ̣޵ͷ­Ѿղʦؿڣݺݵײ档
ಣ
ղʦɳȥһֱճȥһ⡣

û뵽һ׺ϵȫһæ˹
һͣ͵ͣӵʮ״Сײ˹ȥ

̣
ϵʮͬʱײĵɶüëͷȫս
ޣǿĲצβͣ
ҹѼӲĿȾƷʥײʥ۷嶼ֵסοЩˡ
ǡʦ޳裿
ôô
ȻԿ೤ϣʦҪʦã
ܹսѧӣȫˡ
УЩˣ޵еĴڣζû뵽һͷʥޣײ߰㣬˿ûС
ؼǣڶЩ˳֣ʦǱҲû취ͣѵٲʦˣ
ɶ񣬿ɶ񣡡
ؿڱһ飬ڴѪղʦԶ˻ûǰٴδȣгʥӴ󡿣Ϲ
ƣгͬŹҵķŭҲ̲סˡ
úóΣʥӵΪЦ
ǣ
೤ͬʱӦ
ţɢռ˸ԵķλͬʱӿڿγһģĶ
ʥӴ󡭡ʦˣܣ
ɫɷף̲ס߻о꣬Ǿ֡


1487 뿪
ʥӵл󣬻ɳγɵʥӴ
󷨣ܽ˵йʮֿ¡
һϣ˵ʦסͷʥ۷ʥޣδǶ֡

ĻûеѾϣϷȫ֡
𣡡
Ƕ֪Σգٴα𣬺ȥ

ܣͬͨ۹ղʦƿ£˲γһִĺ
ɺ罭Ӿ̣޳λ
䣡
ҵĺǱˮĹۣҲⲻסֱɣڵϣһƬ

âޱҪȴѹģһ޷
೤ϣܶûﵽʥأʮλһ𣬽ʥӵ۷ޣһҲ˴
ըӣһڽɫѪҺ³ſڵϣ£޷վ
ߣ
޴޷ղʦĿһ͵һת

һ׵Ĺâֱڵλÿӿ
֮ǰ޵ĻҪǿҪϣĿǰΪɣ
ˣ
޼æ̫ˣٶȼ㲻˼֣ûǰͿâ˱ϣ䳹ڡ

Զĳζһ£̱ڵء
ߣӦеʦʥ۷ĳǿߣⲻסοԷ
һ£Ʊˣ
Ȼû
еղʦҲ̲סһ㶡
ʥӴϹٶȼ죬ҲҪʱ׼Ʋ⣬λȻߣನһˡ
㹻ˣû뵽һһδֱӻУ
޳裬Կʥӵƻͽ£ʦҲ˵ʲô
Ϻߵ
֪ĹǣλʦʦѧҪɱȽ鷳
ôѧ֤޳ףҲ๼ˣ
ҵֻǾ˫ˣʵڿϧ
ղʦҡҡͷ
ʦȻλ磬ȴҲع֮ˣλֳô󶯾ҲסȫԼûʲô
ֻǡ츳ɱô˵Щϧ
·츳ԽߣΣԽ󣡡
ߡ
츳кã
һĻ츳Խ߷Խ¡
ݹʦ½ʷ֪پž޵ΪܲסԼ飬;
⵹ǡ
ղʦҡҡͷپ᣺ʰһ²о֣¾ϱʦܲ
ǡ
ӦһڿǣϱͷһۣͻȻͫһ岻Ļζһ£ȥ
ôˣ
ղʦü
㿴
޷ͣϼæһָ
ղʦͷȥһۣҲһΣ۾Բôܣ
ֻ·âĵطһ޴ĿӶ֮У׵ǵûһ˶ûܣǰʮڵϣйâ䶯ռ伤ɢĹâ
ǡѾˣ
ɵģǱĶǴ󣬶ҿпռȶȻɹû˿
һ龳ļһܵʥӴĹǵû£˳㽫ó
İɡ
ޡޣߣ
·һЦʶ𣺡лղʦ೤ϵȻ벼ó󷨣֪¡һ£ȸˣ
һץɹʥޣͱս۵ռ䣬һһ֣֮һ̣󷨹âһ˾ʹԭʧ
ˡ
ղʦŷӦٴδȣæ˹ռ䴫ֹת͸е֮Уһٵӿ
䣡
Һ˲֮ǰڵϵļʮ·裬󳹵ʧǰٵһкۼ֮ǰûֹһ㡣
󷨲ӵд͹ܣԱ
һΣղʦóҪˡ
˽⼫࣬ȻҲӵоż졣
Էǹ£óһ󣬸ԻٵУ꣬ҪӴʱը
һкۼʧҲ޷֪״͵˺δ
ʧȥ
һˣԺȻΪֻʥӵѧӡӽĴ̽飬һټ̹лᡭɵɱ
Χ˻гϣû£һƬ棬ղʦĿһ䲼


1488 

һζһѪ磬ˤڵϡ
ϴһȫʹҪ˺ѣ岻ٵطѪۡ
ʵϣڵʵҪó󣬵ȷŵ£ֵ󲻵ã鼱֮£ֻӲղʦ˵ֹȻʱתƵ֮С
ʥӵ೤ϣʥӴĹʥ۷Ļ޶ֵסȫ󷨣䲼óɹӵ˳ת
ųɹͶ
ȻɹƣҲǰδе
Ȳ˵Զ봫ͲĿռ乥ת˽ζˡ
ƣ̺˵Ϣʱڶ޸
أ
Ҫ漴һƵתͷȥͼҲˤڸǰϱƻء
Ѫۣ˿ƺʱ
ֻгϾʵõĴǣƽȶϣҪͨ󷨣ɲʵԿġ
ҪǴǰþγһѾɷĩʲôʣˡ
ˣҲֻʣһʱ
á
Ȼأƣ˿վ
һƣٴ³Ѫ
˵ʵԴҵһˡ
ǰָžȥ޸ŶԷĵط
ɫͣ˿ᣬ˿ϿԼˡ
ת죬ʮӣŸоʹ⣬һɡ
ܻû׻ָȥҲˡ
´βôðˣвûط˿ܾˡ
³һҡҡͷ
ܳɹó󣬲ҽ֮뿪ȴʮΣգಽֻҪһ˿һпǰɡ
ܹɹ˵ˣڡ
һĳȥȻɻԣȴ˳˲٣֮ǰ˿ڣ˿ҲѾȫָ
һȡ룬һȦָһ˽ȥ
ʥӵڰҽʦ鼮㲻ͼݣҲǲھǵҽʦԷֻǱռ𵴣ŵûԹȥʱ˾ȥʮּ򵥡
Ȼȥüëζһ£漴
û
һ£Ůǲš
ΪνһδʹùĴ󣬱ɣû뵽ܻš
Ҫ·ȥԭȻ
⸱ģһЦңˣʲôطǾԭжԶ
š
վһΣɵУҿһȦǲţǺǵĳǽһµô죿
һ󣬶ֻ֮У⣬ο
ǣ
üԭܲжԶ
ϸնԷ˵λ趨ĴѲɣ˲
ԭܲڣвлڴ󣬲˴͵棬ԣҶ˵ĵַڳǽû뵽洫͹ֺ
档
ԭִ½һһ϶ܴͽУҪ»ûҵٹѾֵôˡ
ˣ߶Էǳǽλãֻû뵽ԷһβóĴ󣬴͵λú˵ĵطֺ
֮⣬һ󣬾Ǿ۷弶ʦ
Ҫ֪ͨʦô󣬶ǰҪȥĵطһ̨ĿΪ˸õȷصĿꡣ
ֵͣʲôĿ궼ûУƾ㡭󷨵֮ǿȻ
һ֮ǰȫᴫ󷨣
ֻѧ˼ӣ
Ȼ˾ͺãǰɣ취һϢŵ׷ʲô£
ڸ˿
ţ
ǰλΪ˾ѧʥӵη壬֪ľģٶ˵Զĳǽ˹ȥ
ΪбԭȻѩ죬½Ĵ֮һպھ͹ر˳ţܾһá
бԭӵܵƣɽ롣
ڣƮѩѩϥǰǳȻˣֵɻ쳣ˮ
ʦھȥԭ𣿡
תͷ
ҡͷ
Ϊʲô
⡣
ôżϹϧۣôǰˣżȥˣ
֮ǹȥ취һ£׷ʲô£ǰ׼ȻóȻȥ£ǵܾˣὫһлϾ
üë
£ȥԭʲô£ʦ˼
һ£ֻȫͬһͰˮǱԭڲ⣿


1489 ҵֽ
ѯʹڵˣõϢûκαʣҲûʲôñԭһ֮£֮ϵٹѶϢȻһ֪
Ҫô˵ѣ
Ҫô鷢֮ڣ˿ڣϢδй¶
ٹգΪβֱ֪ͨҲ֪ͨǿߣѾഫѶΪߵʦ
ԣѾûŵˣֻλһ·߹ʦ
ֻͷƤҪը
֮ǰֻ֪ٹ£Щżû뵽㣬ʦóȻж׹
ǱԭˣҪرԭĹ涨ΪѣԼɣϣҪй¶ѾϢ
תͷȭ
Ǳԭڲֵ⣬ԷǱԭӵܣΪѣװʲô֪
⡭˵
Ǳԭڶٹֻ֣һˡϣ
Դһʧٺ󣬴ϾͿʼԭˣСС飬ȫһԾˣΪ㲻ǹȴҲѾȹ
ղŵĲ²ǶԵģǹڳ˱ʣ±ȻλԳˣ
֡ΪӵܣΥ
ǡ
֪ԷΪѣٶ˵̧ǰȥ˼ͼӺ׷˹ǰ棬Ǽᶨһ£ٹΪ˺ƣʦҲжܵ׷ʲô£Ҫȥ¡Υ˹ڵĹ涨
㿼Ǻã·ͬСɣһˣпûлء
ҡͷ
֪³һ
ٹ˺ܺãʦǴ˽ԭĹ桭ȻҪģǰλΪѧϧʥӵԿ꣬˭Ϊ֮ĸԸΪ֮æ
Ǿͺãл㣡
Էʵ⣬ڶ˵˵ͷٴοԭϵãҵλ֮ˣҵˣϸѯʣҵĳЩߣ
Ҫ֪ŵһӦԡ
˴Ψһİ취
ҹϵõģЩӣӦ֪Ĳ࣬ҵʶһλϣϵƽʱҲʮչˣѯʣܹ֪һЩ
üͷ˼һᣬ
ϣʲôʵ

ʥغڣ೤У̫ߣӵʳٹڹڣ߳£Ȼܹ֪

ʳãȥ
ͷ
ʳĳϣְλߣȴӦϢͨġ
Ҫ£Ȼ֪
ҹӦסϢֻǡסĵطڱԭڣʱ²ý롭
ü
ҵλϼ򵥣ؼסڱԭڹŽգβܽȥ
ɷԼһ

ҡҡͷӦúѣǳϣҲ뿪ԭÿ賿ȥг֮ʳģ
賿
üھ賿ʱ䣬֪취
˿̾賿һʱ䣬ʵڵ󲻵á
ҡͷ
ڵĹԹŮδйԼ˳ľһʱ벻ʲôð취
λϹ֮ĶضĵطضĹӦ̣
ʵ
ԭǴ½ǰĴʳõĶȻضƷרʼ١Ӧļ壬ң

ԽǴţԵĶԽйأڲг͹ˣȻרŵĹӦ̡
ȻֻҪ߲¶Ŷŷ
ңĹӦ̾ͺã֪סںδ
΢΢һЦ
泤ȥһΣ֪λã
˶Է˼æͷ
λԼѣλӦ̣Ӧʮּ򵥡
·ɣ
ͷ
Ҳƴǣæǰٶȼ죬˴ʮӣһԺǰ
ʦǺңܡ
ţ
һǰߴۡ˵ͷ
ܸһ½Ͳ֮ʳƷȻҲ򵥡
ݰɣ
˰֡
ּ壬Ӳ϶ʵҶִ鷳࣬ҪԷĸˣֻܵϰ
дҵ֣
һ㶡
ڵӵܣԷǢĶǱԭϣҹݼҪˣûôס
дҵİɣ

㣿
Ƥһ֣Ҳаɡ
ʦٹʦֻСΧڴҪǣպʥӵֳìܣ֣᲻̫ðˣ
δ䣬ͼǰʦתͷ֪ʱѾıòǸݿݻƵˣ˫ֱȻڿʼҵֽС



1490 ˮ

һ㡢㡭Ҫʦͷ
ʦ˲֪ġ
ʦõĵһ̫ϳϣλ֮ߣƵһʵ˵ʦҲðɡ
öԷֻܽáͽ
ĿȻ
˵
˵ʵǰλǵ졣
ǿдʥӵҲˣðԼʦֵҲˣҪֱֵʦܲ
ͻȻ䣬ЩڴӦԷҪˡ
ٹλ޷ʦȥ治ֳ֪ʲôĴ󶯾
İɣ£
⸱飬֪ʲô֡
ðѵӦˣ϶
ڵֵȷãʦܸܲԼ壬׾ҵŵ䡣
λżұչأֱ뿪û֣˵֪ãûҪġ
ðɣ
֪Ѿﵽû취ֻȡһŰζ֡
Ҫдʦãֻдּɣ
ּ̳
ã
֪ΪԸ׼ȻҪ󣬿϶ԼĿģٶ˵ȡһŰдȥ
ЩŸǰá
֨ѽ
˳
ǼүҪݷǼˣͨ
˹ȥ
˿Ҳ֪Լ˵Щʲô
ôˣǼүѾϢʲôɣ
üҡҡͷա
Ȱ㻹ǽΪãһ󣬲һܹģ
գüһһȡ˳
ԭӵܣ
֪˭ƻϵõģһæӹλԺȥͨ
ñԭĺӵܣƺү˵λλٶǳϣȷһԵġ
ţ
ջƣص󣬶˻߽Ժ䣬ӭͷ
źòˮŰҴķȥ
ȻҹλδϢںʲô飬߽䣬æȭ峤
ʱ˭ң
Ҽˮü
ǰ
Ҷ˵ȥ
ˮӹ򿪣ֻֻּ֡

ɻ󣬺ˮ˹ʲôݣ
İҪݣöԷ֪˭ֻдһֵģδ
Ǹʮˣʦۣǰûл£֪ȼ
һ£
ʦûеȼ£
ˮ֡
Ȼʦͨעȼӣûл£ûдݣؼҹãðļһ
ǲ֪ˣȴˣ
һ벻ͨˮֽһ࣬
үλʦǡԭĺӵܣ
Ӽæ
Ǳԭĺӵܣ
ˮɫһԼʦѲɣѲɡ
߶䣬ɫͻȻһ䣺
峤˭
·֮ĳϣȫɻĿ
ʦܲһλײβ̫ϳϣʵǿ־ͽ᲻йϵ
ˮ
ʦ̫ܲϳϣƶˣô⡭
λҡͷ
ǺңںǾܵλͣڱԭҲһӰʦܲǰǲ̫ˡ
̫ϳϣôԹһϰ˵˲š
ҲţǡΪʦҽģ治֪ˡ
ˮҡҡͷһȥǣҲˣԹûȥӭӣǺңҪ㸲֮ˡ
ܴ½˺ܶ࣬ʦλûˡ
ȻҲöԷĿԺСҲҴƱС壬СһЩΪá
ţ
೤ͬʱͷȥܿӭͷĵط漴һɫƵˣԭأɫȻĺŲˮ
ǰʦ
һ뷿䣬ˮ̱ȭ
ΪѴﵽʥ۷壬ɿǰ˵Ϊƽƽȴһļ֮С
ͺŵλֻҪ֣壬Όⲻס
Ҹպ·˵أЩ飬ҪѯʣҹðţúҪ֣

ͬǱȭʮ㣬ȻȻɢһָ߸ϵζܲǿ⣬ȴɸһּ֣įĴ
֣һǸ֡
ˮͫһ


1491 һ
ԷûչʾΪжߣݲȵȣƮԶ쳾̬һ֪ɣˡ
ˣ㲻λνġʦݵλͣҲһСԿġ
㣬޼ưæȭʦﻰǼ壬ǵң֪кηԸֻҪǺܹصܾ
Ҳûʲô·⵽ʥ͵Ϯֽˣ䲻Ϊ֮г֮ģк֮£æһ¡ĺϴӲҩ˵ӵҩģȡ
΢΢һЦ
ȡҩģˮһ£֪ʲôʥޣҪҩ
ͬˣʥ޵ԲͬҩҲͬͺޣҪԵҩЧãҪԵġ
֪ԷʲôʥޣҩҲøõѰҩġ
ǡ
һͷʥǰһ֣ɢ˵ϢƺҪƷ
ʥصĵޣ
ʥ۷Ļޣ
ֽͷʥ޻ˣһûУ

ͻأֵͷһһȻгϣȫ巢˵
֮ǰ˻ãúҼܹӭӣЩСһ˼ˡ
ֽʥ۷塢ʥسͷʥ޻ˣɫƵᣬֵһᡭʲôʵ
һ;ÿֲ
Ҫݣͺ컨Ҷϸ
˵ʮҩģҡҡͷһ̾ϢʱҪЩͻȻ͵ϮҲ֮£ʮ֮һʵ
ˮüëٴһϸͷʥ޿˹ȥȻͷһ˲ƣ˿ڴһɹͣ䶯ԶԶԽʥأ׾ͿԻġ
ʮ֮һôǿ
˿ĭæ˼ղŶԷ˵ҩƬ̺ɫЩÿͣһ£æȭʦЩҩ
ģȻҪᰴм۸֧Ц
Ҳ˼ǡ˵ʮҩǼ壬ҳ֣аòġ
ˮæ
֣üëһ壬á
ΧǱʵʡ
һǿѹͻأɢҪض˺ѡ
֨֨
ܵϢˮ೤ϻ̲ͣһɽϥǷʱڵء
Ŷ˼һʱ񡭡
ǿҪֲסʱǰһЦʱͷ绯꣬ѹƺղŵѹȸУδֹһ㡣
ûʲô
ѹʧˮ೤ϣͬʱеˮʪ͸±˵ĺȻ
øλܾˣţûҩģͷһҪָҪЩʱ䣬ûƺڵңҵĹ
ҡҡͷǸȻ
⸱ģˮĸҷϻͣһ£һҧʦʵõģȻǺûҩģԭӦУʦҪҿ԰æѰңҺҺͱԭĹϵҩĶѣӦòΪѣ
ŶܰæѰң

ǣˮͷǺҸԭʳߣԼһЩҩƽغŵİ׳ϹϵίæѰң
ǾͺˣھҪ֪ɷ֮λ׳ϣ͹ͷʥ䲻̫أҩҵԽ죬ͻָԽ죬º֢

͹û⣡ʦԵȣ͸׳ϴѶԹһˡˮ˵ͷ漴Ҵת뿪
֪ǰλǿæ˺Ի͵Ĵòź

һĳһĻҲ𾪵Ըӣ촽ſѺ£
һ
ųޡޣŵúķڷܽѰͷʥ޵ҩٻָؼǣ˸õɣð׳Ϲ
һã
뷨ֱӹöԷæϵ׳ϡ룬Ȼ³ˡ
ϾһλɲʦҪԭϡ˲ɶǼٵġ
һϢݵԭȻݾߡ
˳£ȷźʵ˺޻ɣֱ£
ҪۿԷαװɣ滳ɣǲʦˣ
ڴźȲ裬ʮӣͼˮҴҸ˹һñӵ긾ˡ
ʦ׳ˡ
ǰһˮȭ
˵ͷû˵긾ˣüͷһ壬۾ߵŮϣô⣿


1492 
ȥʥӵԭ֪飬£ôͻȻ
׳ϣҸʦҪ
æ
ϤĳϣԸƭ
ʦ
׳Ž۾ϡ
ǰλͿһΪȴɲ⣬˿ǳ
ʦ˵٣֪һλ
üëһ壬׳Ͽ˹ơ
صıԭӵܣʥӵȴǰ˴ǲá
¡

ĸ
߶һ䣬׳ʲôüëһʦܲ
Ǻǣ
Ҳش𣬷һЦվ׳ϣݿʵȴѪڻѨȳͻں棬ûñµͷӦǻ֮ɫɣ
㡭
׳һ㶣۾Բ
һ򶼴ñʾˣΪڻ׵ͷϵĳ֪¡ǰˣһ۾Ϳˣ
ýţһȭһ¡
𾪣ǰ
⻰׳һ鲻ԽĴһȭ漴Ӧɫ࣬ǳ⣬ԷĻٴ𣺡ıСҴδӴԣشȷﵽ˼£ûз֣Ϊﵽڵľ磬Ȼ޷ӷֺ·ٶҩѰ˶ʦû취ͻʥأ
㡢ô֪
׳Ϻˡ
ʹﵽʥ۷ˣϧʼ޷ͻƣ˲֪ٷûκЧڣѾЩˡ
ֻǡ£ֻڵһЩ׽֪ǰλ˵Ϊȭ
ôǿɣ
ʥվķν֮գҪԿռиȻǿԱΪѰͻƣвϣŵںͷֻ֮ɫ
Ƥһ̧ٴοÿҹǲǶƽڻӿ
⡭ǣ
Ҫϣͣһ£׳ϻǵ˵ͷԴɻĿʦ˵ʲôϰ꣬û⣬ô᲻ϣ
Էܹһ˵ܹæԼԽ⣬û
ֻǣЩ֡
˲֪ˣδֹ⣬ô᲻ˣ
ʲô
ĴųĹ˵ıϰߣΧйϵ
ЦЦʣкԣȷϵģûκ⣡
ǡ
׳ɻ
Ҳԡ
ղ˵ô˵ûˣ
żû⣬ȴѷ˱仯ҡҡͷ
仯
ûΪﵽʥ֮ǲǿʼԼԺһ

ǡ
׳ϵͷ
ӾݣפյĹЧŮӶϲֳһ꣬޿ɺǣֻǡ֪Ǽ򵥵յͿԴҪǣҪػӡҪ죬ͱֻ΢һ˿ȴѾıΧĻܵ˻ԡһûʲôҲûʲôʱˣıԵʣϦദ˴⣡
԰ദʱԽͻڣԽѻԽ࣬ѻ飬йԪ𶾲ټĹ߶ŵͷףͣҲ޷ͻơ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
⡭
׳һΡ
Ȼ֪Է˵ǷȷԺеȷһҲȷͣϸǰһĻĻȷǴӿʼΪһһ
ѲɣԷ˵ģ
Ҹô죿ʦָ㡭
ʱ˿̣ް㻳ɡ
֮ǰʦܵԷһ۾Ϳ֢ᣬָ֮ǿʦ硭λʵ벻˭
ܼ򵥣ԺеٵȻ뺮ؽݣһ£缲ȥΪҲͻƣվٲκ⣡
һЦȻֲһ£ֱ˻䣬ͣɽ
⡭
׳ɫһ죬æҡҡͷȥؾǣ
һԺãȻΪ˽鷳ʹƼ֡
ʦλ磬ΪʥˣҲûҩ޷ưɣ˵ҪҩҲҹ֪ۣ׺£
پЩ׳̧ͷ˹
ȻԷֶκܺΪһĳϣʶ㣬ٽϳ⣬ɿ˲Ծ


1493 в
ڱԭ೤Уλ̫ߣҲܽӴʦֵλˣȻ⣬ڶԷټϺˮѶѶϢʣµƲͺܼˡ
׳Ͽ˿
֪Ҳ˵΢΢һЦתͷһһĺˮ೤ϣлͨ
ʦˣΪʦæҺҵ
æȭ
λʦ̫ܲϳϣ׳϶Ͽˣм٣Ǽ壬ԡ
ţ
ͷЦȥٶ˵
飬׹æȭʵڲ˼ҼлЩ£Ҫȥиˡ
˵꼱ҴҴ೤뿪
Ȼʦղ˵лŸ֮⣬ٲߣ϶ˡ
ֻʣ°׳ϡ
Ȼ׳ϲµҲͲȦˣţҵͽתصλ£˹
ϵıȻûκα仯ȴһ־޴ѹȸС
ٹʦͽ
׳һ
ȻϢǵһ˵
Σʵ׳ϸ֪ȭ
⡭
һһף׳ϲ֪λش
ҽӵѶΣգȻǱԭٹ£Ӧϣõ𰸣
üëһ˹ָӣ𽥱÷䣺֪ҵݣһһʦ̫ܲ鷳ңҳȻֱȥǴϣֻѯһͽ»û˸ӣ
ҡ
׳϶һ¡
ԷûóƣҲûģȻ£뾪̫ʦ
ݣһ£ԭ治ڣҲ˵
Ҹʱ俼ǣҵޣ޷شҾͻֱȥԭʱʲôĺŲ˵ӦҲף
֪
巢׳Ƭ̣ҧҧٹȷǳ£磬µĳϡ峤ϡ߳ͬʱ֣ѹڡ׼׼뿪׼Ѷ£ǹĻܣڳϣϢ⴫򡭡ɱۣ
ǹѺ˵ĵطٹ׷ʲô
æ
ȻǰµǱԭڲ飬ɾòš
ǱԭרѺ֮еģʮ֮˾Ŷʮ⣬֮ͽ뿪֮ǰٹԭϣδôգ۹򣬱Ѻˣ
ӦҵݣȽΣĵ飬֪Ĳ࣬ٹ׷ʲôҲֻ̫֪ͬʱ֣ѹٹڱסһܶ
׳ϵ
һ
ֶʥӵ鼮пܣһֿԽס̾ߣס֮ˣȫ޷Ҫÿʹĥ
û뵽ţȻ̾ߣ
ɶ
ǣʦģٹӦû֮ǣ磬ϻרŽ׼Щöʱ͹ȥǧš
ܵǰˣɢϢʱὫѣ׳ŵòһæ
ΪλסٹΪҪ֣ȷݶԷľٶӦöʱûΣգֻһĳͷ
ȥ
䡣
⡭׳Ǿ᣺ԹѺҲֻͷʱ䣬ſԿʱ䣬û취ȥ
֪ȥԭֻҪԼѺںδɣʣµĲҪģ
˰֡
ֻҪҵںδлὫȳ
Ȼ׷ʲô£ҪС
һĥ㰮ͽУҲᵢ
׳һһס
ȥһֱӽԭҪˣӦףȥȥж󣡡
֪Էĵģ
ҡ׳˵
Էȥڱ˴ϣɲȥԷʦ̫ܲϳϣһŭȻԭֻ
пܾʹ˸
ԷʦõĹ涨ʵʵ̫ˣԭҲܹⰡ
ģֻȥҵͽӣȻҪǱԭ鷳ΪѣҲ⣬ǸνĴ̸̸¶һ¹أ
ǰǣ۾Ȼƽȴɢİ
ƺֻҪԷίţȻԭһĽѵ
⡭
⻰֪ԷѾ׳ҧãҴʦȥ


1494 ԭ
л׳ˣ
ԷӦŴǱԭӵܣͱȥˣУ뿪󣬲ҪںҼţȳǣʱһϵ㣡
⣬ںױϳֲҪ鷳
뿪һͱԭû̸ףֳìܣҲᰲȫ١
ǣ
ͷ
ϣޡջ۵ռ䣬ڰ׳뿪ңֱԭķȥ
ҺͰ׳׼õҩģ޷ˣָļ죬龰û칦Ҫָǲˡ
Σͷǳˣ
а⡣
ͷʥ֮ǰʹϽս˲ˣûָʥӵͺղʦսӲʥӴĹҪǿվվˡ
ܿһƣڵʵֻ龳۷壬ʥǿߵ˵Ч΢΢ټͷһ;޴󣬾ĹδܹȬ
ûãͲþȫսؼʱ̣Ϊá
ʦǱԭһˣҪ룬Ҫίһ£
һᣬһƬ޴Ľǰ׳ϵ
޷
˰֣ǰȥ
ǰཨˮһ㣬ӳǳ֮£ɢĹâܰѩǾӨ͸ı񣬻ûǰ͵ڽһѩɵ硣
Ǿͺã
⣬׳˿ǰȥ뽨Żӣǰ档
ԭǰ׳ϣλǡ
ϳ˰׳ϣ漴ȫ
ǺҵĺרʹģҲҪ֮飡׳ϵ
ǣ
ǺҵˣλӲΪѣÿͨ
ڰ׳ǰȥ
ҹıԭû̫ˣԵʮְ̤źĻѩ˺ôһᣬһԺӡ
Ҿסĵطڵֻܽʦطȥˡ
˽ȥ׳ϵ
ֻҪＴɣģ
ͷ
ҲûöԷŹȥһΪѣĿ̫󣬺ױ
Ϸ򣬴幫ĵط
׳ϸһ¾λúͽģ
ϸסԺһ䣬ϥ£ܲú˷ӡ޷̽飬һΣ׻塣
ԭ֣ƣҪ֪ҵţƾڵʵ϶Ҳֻ׻ˡ
׻ʣټ϶Ի󷨵ԤУȻȥĻӦúѱ
ֻǣڵĻ̫ߴͬҪСġ
뿪ӡ棬뿪Ժ䡣
֮󷨵ܵ󷨣ûγ˿ϰһ·ǰУ幫ȻһߴĽǰ
Ӧþ
Ͱ׳˵ģһģһӦþǹѺŵĵط
󷨡
¿ȥͼһ޴תʥӵĻ󣬶˿
ȻȱȴʥӵĶ̫ˣҪУѡ
ڱ˵󷨣ȱȥ©ǣǿҪȥҲѡ
һȥԶɳɳüëһ׻һΣ㵽һѩ
ղغãͿӰ̤ѩ˹
ŮӣӰ䣬¶ƤͿԿͲС
ǿ
ĿȥϢȻûͷţȴһŨҵѹߵλȻȲżҵλϣ޳ȣȴ˿¶ǳԽʥصǿߡ
ѵǡϣ
üëһ
Ĺȥţ˷ֵģû뵽ûˣȿλ
Ǵϣ֣鷳ˡ
ٶԷڵʵԿġ
ôô˵
Ʋ⣬ǰλ˭Էѹ͵
ͬ⣡Եһ˵
ߣɲϴξ̫ˣӵξˣơϡŮ䡣
ǡֻҪͬ⣬һֱҲаɣ
һ˽ŵ
һֱţ졭Եͷ˵
ϡ˰֣ˣиʦ˵ͦأ취ץΪҪЮ
ʦλǱԭж
ߣжΣǼҪֻҪɹԭٴһ̨ףɲκ˾ܾϡһڡ
Ҫץң
ѩеɫһ
ţʲôˣ
ֲϡ̷˲Ծ͵ת۾ֱصĵط˹ȥ


1495 ʦѧ
ţ
һæһţ룬й¶Ϣ
׻ȻӴ󣬵־׽ٴѾӨ͸ˮֻҪй¶ʥΪԲ
ôˣϣ
һһ£æת
˫磬ѩؿһȦʶϸɨһ飬ʲôû֣üģûʲô˯߲ãЩ̫ˣ
ղоϸ̽ʱҲˡ仹ܹǰأȻ̽鲻ӦǸоˡ
ԭȻȲʦܲܣȴҲʲô˶ܽģϷģ
ûʲôһЦЦ
ţ
ϵ˵ͷھᣬǰȥ
ȻǴϡ
ԶղŵĶԻ֪ȷǴϣѩ︡۾
ӶԻԷʲô飬ͬ⣬ìܡ
ʲô£ȻŲԸġ
ñԭ۷֮һȻǿԼٹȥԸ£ϧѺҪʦвʲô£
ȥ
֣ӰһΣϢ׷ȥ
ܿǰ漴Ϻ֮ǰλҲǰǰָһ㣬һöǰǰķӡ漴ѿһ϶
̧˽ȥһ룬ӡͻںϡ
һΣûûں֮ʣ˽ȥսУ͸еϵ׶Ͼһ۵ռ䣬ֺһ졣
Ȼ۷
ͫһ
ΪֻһŪ˸󷨣û뵽ղſ󷨣ֻǸ۷洳ȥʲôֲˡ
ģǽеһ۵ռ䣡
⴦ռʮȶͺ͵ڵĵطһӵۣ֮Ҳλãֲܷˣ
ȹǰȥ
۵ռ䲻󣬺ͽһûʲôܿأ첻һΪ߽˸ղŵǸ䡣
ȥ
۵ռ䣬ռ䲨ȽȶֻҪһ𶯵óȻжһλϷ֣ӶӲ
˽ӽ塢ӣǰʮףĴԴŭ
Ҫ׼ֻһߣ֪ΪҪܾ
һ𣺡ҲԸ⣡ˣ޷
Ȼ⡭
˿
Ǳˣš
ܴûˣʮ
ƹһִӣǰȥ漴ŹȻԭأϲûκμ
׳Ҳ֪ϸ
֮ǰ׳˵סڲδԷϢһȷ
һʱ俼ǣҲҪֹһʧܣҲٳһΣ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳа취ͬ⣬Ҳϣߵһ
ԷĿһ˦䡣
²ÿǣٸʱ䣬Ҷѡ񣡡ҡҡͷ
ܺãҾͿֶܼã
һתȥ
һϣԶ̲סϵԸҲ֪ΪηҪӲ
ϣ㲻Ȱˣ£ҾЭ
һᶨ
ܹʣȻҲܻٵǸӣѵصĸޣ
Щ
㱻ϣҲԹ޻ڣ
üŴӢ
Ƣһˣͷţ
֮ܳΪѧҲΪ
㡭ٿǰɣ
ȰˣҡҡͷҲҴȥ
߹棬һҶҿ
Ϊﵽּ𣬿һۣûκԷҲܲȻѾţ취ȳ
ţ
սȫϢȫΣϾǰһɻٴӿ˹
ϡ
ǰ
ûʲôǾýЩ֣˸ˣ
ҡҡͷüͷ
٣ôܣżλ޺ۣҪ㲻֣ҲɣһЦ
⵹ǡ
ϵ˵ͷЩģһ䣺ȥһ£û쳣˶һ㱨
ΪﵽʵӦѨ硣
ڼǵһһ
ã֪ĵģ˵ͷȥص֮ǰӡĵطȡһ˲ԭʧ
˳뿪˿漴Ϳ˫ַס°ͣǰһ飬Ŀⷢ૵
ʦ֪ѧ㣡


1496 ɲ֮
Ѿͷ
ҡҡͷ˹ͷȥͼǰ鱾ԼרŸдؼ
հʦãרµľ򹦷ڵΪ˵ûô
ɾ࣬ûһ壬ʮġ
齻ԷʱҪͻٵû뵽š
಻ŮıǰӸҲʣʿò˷츲صı仯
òŮУҲֻʤһ
Ůʮ˱䣬д˱仯ԭȷľȻʲܿô죡
˫˸ŮϿ˹ȥ
漴ü
ԷϾûмΪȴǱʲôһ㣬˿̵ͨһûа
ʦ㡭𣿡
ϸ۲ô£Ůٴ
Һܺã
ȥ࿴ֱӻش
˭
һæԭվ˫ֽ棬ǰ
˭Ϊʦң
䶯¶Ρ
׻꾭Ҫ˷֣Ҳ¶ֻͷжʮףͬˡ
ʦ
òɢϢۿһ졣
ҹ˼в֪ٻҪ˵ȴһ˵
ţ˵˵ô£㲻ٹôѺˣ֪ûʱɣüʵ
ȸô£취֮ȳ
ʦҸղŵĻ㡭㡭ˣûش⣬ɫһ죬ԵЩΡ
ʲô˹
ǡûʲô
æ֣Ŀʦһۣȷûϣ˿ϥһڵأ֪ʦΣգΪТǣڵңûиõİ취ֻϣʦ֣
ҼȻѾˣȻ֣ô£
ƴϹϧżҺʥӵˣǾҪȣҲҪ֪巢ʲô
ģҡз˱ԭһܣ
ҧҧȻαԭġ

ס
ôֳԷˣ
ǰԷŮиܼҽҦЩ֪ǶԷĸףȷδ
û뵽ȻǱԭĹǿһȼĳﵱôܺƫԶСС飬Ů
ԭҪʣǣ
վԼĶʦҲûʲôģ֪ĺгֱʣΪԭԼΪӡӵûʦĹŵأҵȤͶŽһֻ֮ٷӡסʵй¶Ϊ˱Һ͸ױ˺Ըץ
ĸױץˣ
ü
ǣںһͬѺڱԭĳֻϧҵڣûҵҡҡͷ¶ʡ
ΪŮȻøĸ֪ĸױѺȴطҲеѹ֪
Ϊ֪űѺ
ɻ
֪ԼĸǱԭһιұѺҲԼҲѺɣ
ϾԭѾʧȥһλˣòٴһʣûʲôôͿԻٸ
ǣΪ֪ˡʵһķ
ȭͷɫࡣ
ʲô
ˡ
ʣ֪һķӦø˲ǣΪη˱֮
ʣؼŮӵļ֮һ½ҲֻҺĸ׶ˣʣֻҪΪֱ߱似ǹѧϰѴ֮
ŻǡгһչޣҲνģ
۾
˵֮䣬ǹ;ֹģǴԣ桢תĹϵܶȴȱ˶Էɡ
֮ǰݣŽԣʵһǡڣ໥ͣ
ڣ
ţԭԵŮӣҲԵеӣҪͻһǲɼڵ֮¯
ҧ
¯ԭȻ̵ֲ
һ
ν¯ֻṩɲƷһɲϣֱô̵ķһΪʦʹ׻ʦΪᣬ޻ˡԭĴʵһȻַ
ֲ̫˰ɣ
ǣֱӾܾԡűѺϴһת⣡
ŵ


1497 
ԭˣ
֪ЩٽϸղŴϺŵĶԻȻ
Ȳ˵ֲɲ֮˼޹˵ɲķ޷ܡ
Ŵʣ࣬ĽȻԸˡ
ﵱҲǲԸ⣬ŷΪ˱ԭŽŵ
ͷ
ԭΪ½۷֮һеĹǴʣֻҪͷȻܹӵκεطܱҵǡΪ
ͺ񵱳أߣΪûҵ
ṬΪ˾ԼַӡҶע⣬òǡ
ȻԴ۹
ַȷţİɣ룬ûܹΪѣʦھ;뿪
˰֣дŲɵİ
ԭΣ
ѧԸѧϰǵķ˭޷
ӶУ
ʦ
ܵʦж簮ۿһ졣
ʦھﲻĵطõĴѶһʱͳǰ꣬ʤǧ
뿪۵ռ˵
һץҪǰץͻȻ͵һ׻ӿе䡣
ô£
ûκΪյ׻һָ𣬴뿪ôȴɽҪأûסֱӱ
ʦұסϢ
ɫ÷ףź٣ĳ־ҵʹ࣬һڵϡ
סϢ
ͫһ˲ը˼λϣ壬סľ
֮ǰ׳˵ԷʹۿʲôûУΪԷ꣬˺ζûϵ䱾壡
һʥǿߣη̾ߣס֫Կ⣬סڽϢȫסвͿΪ٣ɷˣ
ǡ
ڵϣ˿ҵʹƺʱܲס䵱ԡ
ɶھͰ
ɫѿæǰҪԷͼ̽ȱݣʶڵֻ̬Ǹ׻꣡
׻Ŀ⿴飬¼ͼݣΪʣ޷ԣҲ޷ȱݣγ鼮
ǡվȭ
Ŀǰ϶
Ƿŭ֪ڲǷŭʱƼæɿԷͬʱԸҪתϢκҪã
׹ٶãӣŻ˹ҵʹ£ϵ·ˮʪ͸
ûˡ
վ壬ס㲻ܶҲ򣬻̴̷˳ʹ࣡
ߣ۾
λϵȷġ
ܶãҲ˾ȡһһ֣һ֣ƽ⡣
ڿдһȭҿ
֪֮ǽⶫ
ǣҧȭڿдһ¡
Ȼûͷ亹ֱðɫס
ˣ
гһ鼮
æ
ţԭٹȱݣһʿءס޷
ܿ콫ݿ꣬ݱø
鼮ᵽֻ˵ڵûȱݡ
Ҳ˵öԷȭֻܿ˿̵ȱݣϵ֢ᣬûκιϵˡ
Ƥ¹ϣͼݣҲ
ҵľλã취ӴֻߣôԼȡûκΰ취
˼ԺпתɫԽԽ
ԷУ൱ڲ˸ըֻһܹˣֻҪͻᱬը
ʦ
ſ
ģʦ˵ܽȳȥһܣߣ
پЩ׻굱ǰȥŽϡ
ֻҪͲĳͷȻûΪԼ߻ûġ
ܿ߳䣬֮ǰϵ뿪λãָǰһ㣬ܵĿռ˻ζԺٴζһ鼮
ҵռڵ㣬ѣҪ뿪ʮס
鼮һ飬ܿҵһȱλã׻ת͵һ㡣
꣡
֮ǰȹ̵Ŀռ̳ѺۣԽԽ漴һ޴ѷ졣
ѷܿͻָҪ죡
һæѷȥżæϡ
˸߳ȥȻѺۻۣ֮ǰķʧһ㣬ҲѰ
ȥ׳
Ѿ棬ҿһȦûִϵˣ̲ס˿ȥ


1498 ȥҴ
λ϶ķʮģģܹߣˣ棬δ̫ˣĵӣ׻ʶ£޷ۼǰܡ
û˷̫ʱ䣬»ص׳ϾסԺ䡣
ʦ⣿
Ժ䣬һˣ漴š֨ѽһ߳һƤԴݻƵˡ
ʦ棡
һæݵ
ǱˣʦʦԼʦ棬ʦ
ţʦ˵ͷ
ʦ棬㡭ôᵽʦأ
ɻ
ʦ׻뷿䣬ôʦ˳
ĴѶʦңϹͷȻҪԳˣ
ʦ˰֣İɣʦҵ۵ռڣµģʵͣӦǰľ档
лʦ棡Գ֣ʦҲȫ˿
µľʦΪ˾⣬ʦ֣ʵӦòκ⡣
ΪԭٹԼλʦ桱ݣ˭ҲѾʦ̫ϳϣ۷ĳǿߣԹҲҪʰ·硣
£Ѿ˵ˣҹҿϵ
һڣʦ
ǣ
ŵ˵ͷ뷿䡣
˫ãʦָŵϣüͷԽԽ
λʦȻ֮ԲݣǰŮҡ
Ŷ֪֪ף֪λʦ桱Ĵڣһʦʦ̬ضᷢ仯׳ֲҪıʣ˷š
֮ͶԷͣҲҪӱԭӳȥ˵΢һ㲻пܵ̽䡣
Ͼαװǵǿ֮һߴһ
̽飬ҪŻԲܲ̽ҿӣҲֻ͸ղŵ鼮һҪҵȱݣҲܣǰԷƤҵⶫ
ڵôģ
ƣ
ԭʦĲͬһıϣƶɣұס󣬱ҧҵָ˽ȥȻͱ
һ£ŵ
ʱסȫӡ޷ֻĿűϽڡ
ϣ
üͷɸ˼һᣬԣֻõɣһһȦܷ֣ò
û֮ǰ׻꣬û޷̽飬ڻعϸ
ã
֪ʦ治Ầٴ
ָһһľ˽ȥ
ţ
ܵڣ̲סһ㶡
ʮϤʦһģһֻӾϢҲŨ
ʦʦһഫҲûʲô
ɻ󲻾ã漴Ȼ
ʦʦ棬£ͬĻƣҲʲô
ܿ죬һȦݸˡ
ԷñƳں󣬽ȫľﶼ˱飬ֻҪת˺ѵΣգ֮ǡ
ֻһ˿ʮ΢춯Ҫǿж֣ûûˡ
Ķ
˫üɫڣһĸˣȻµóֶΣֱ޿ˡ
Ͽ˵ⶫνеķŭѹƣٴο˹
ڵ֪ʶⶫûκΰ취޲ߡ
ϻţֱӶǺ;ںϣҽ֮һ취ûˡ
û˵ֻ˵ֻҪҴӦһʣͻҽ
ҡҡͷ
ֻѯˣ
һᣬʵ벻ôüġ
ⶫڱʱԽҲԽ󣬱뾡
ڵΨһܹģֻλϡ
벻취Ļֻѯʣ׿˵
ֻ
Էĸ׵飬϶ļҪ˵Źţûôˡ
ȥѯʣ϶˵Ūû֣ȥʾδˣ
۾
ڵʦܲݣȥѯʣԷǱԭϣ϶ҪҲҪӣȡɡ
ţȵ۵ռһᣬȥǱԭλ˵еĴϣ
վһ˦䣬
ȻˣȻҪϵߣ취벻ֻӲƴһˡ
αװΩΩФܹɻأӶԷе֪
ȻҪǱֵ֡췭ظ


1499 ʦܲ
ԭ´ڷλϣĵһƣԱһ߶̬

ƣϿ˹
꣬Ƥһ̧˹Ӧ˰ɣ
ףɫأϵͷ
׾ͺãרŹһˣҪϸһǧٳ¹壬˿ȻǱԭܲûܹܵס
վ˫ֱ󣬴ű˵ĸ飺Ƿǳɰڴһ٣Ҳϣͷϣ
İɣҽ⣬ڣȻֻҪʣᵢģҲȭ
ǾͺãӦһһתҾȻȥˣĺϢ
棬һݶȴֱĤ޷ֵ
ʦԭϣ

ͫһ
ԶߣҲͣ˽Ų΢΢㵣ƺЩţ̫ϳô⣿
ϣ⡭
ϼæǰߣɻ
̫ϳһײβǻ᳤Ҳ֪٣ΪλͻȻ⣬Ҳ̫ϵͷ
ã
֪ݵԹϲҵæǰԭģӭʦ

䣬һӰеĶ죬ܵķ󷨣ȫͺһ˫۾ԿһΣϢһǰԤС
ļæͷ
Ϊԭߣ֪ΧõĴжôǿ󷨣ڶԷǰϷ룬䶼ʵ֮ǿƿֲ
Ӱڵϡ
Ż̧ͷǰϸȥɫЩƣʮң˫䣬ǳɢϢʵʶ̽飬ҲտҲ֪жǿ
㲻ʦ㵽ǡ˭
üëһ۾
ʦȻûۼȴҲ˵ţòʮңףǰȫͬˡ
ôϷϷ½ѲɣÿһݣҪǰ˵ʦɫһһۻϢɢƺҪѹ
²ң
Ĳҷ
ɻ֮Уתͷϣȴ˳
̫ϳϣϷ˼䣬ʦݰݷãȻ᱾Ŀʾˣ㲻ʦ˭ðʦ۷ʦ֪
Ͽ
ûʦܲ
ǰλòϵϢȫͬôܻʦ
ǣ˫۾ѾԲҪˣ
ţ
˵λʦС⡱һ¡
ǰλʦۣǰĻ£ſҫŹâš֣ܲһ֪ʦܲ
ԭôðʦܲľʦ
λʦȻս۵ռλãٲغۼֱӷ˹
Ϊƾ棬ԼαװľһʼסԷԼζû뵽ֱһʦܲʦ
ɶ£
ǳʦ
ʦܲˣȻŸαװͱʶơôװȥ
ǽţȴûֳָ͵һһ˹
ٶȵİ壬粻ʱƣһָ֣ǰֱԷüġ
ţ
û뵽ҴݣԷֱӳ֣ɫһָһһĤ

ΪԷâ棬˭֪պ͹ĤһʧӰ٣δֹһ㡣
âȻû˿ǹ̽
ٶ֮죬û
۾ǳ⣬ͼġüë俴˹һڶ𣺡ƽγɵľŤѾȫκãʶսµİˣʲôĵӣҲϷ򣿡

˵Ļһʵʺס
ĹͬӿֻȱݣʱþܲסŤ
ͺӵһ㣬ˮˣÿζˢӰӵ̱ȻΣ֮ǰĲͬ
ʦﵽǣΪ壬ÿһ֢ᶼܣй¶ȻȻӰ쵽İΣǰλһ˵ս°˶֪
Ѳɣʦ
òʣȫͬ
ɻ󣬾ٴδݶ
Ϸͻƣ̥ǣòʶ˷츲صı仯ϲҲ㣡


1500 Ҵ
ͻƣ
һ㶣漴۾Բš
Դӿʦӣʧ֮󣬴½ƺĳЩܹͻƵ־ģûС
ˣ̫ϳϣ£ĴѰһԵܲͻơ
ѵĳɹˣ
ǣʦ££
ʵʦΪļ֪ȻӸָ㣬ͻ棬ʵΪ֮ӡ
ֻǡﵽ־磬Ҳ̥ǣϲ˰ɣ
ǰϷҲ޷ھŤ⣬Ѿʲôˣɣŵ
ԷĿǰ벻ŲҪҪǣȻסԷ䲻ҷֻҪλϣĽ֮󣬾Ϳֱˡ
ʱ㷢Σ
ֻҪòԷңҲѯ
ʲô
һ˼ǡѾܰҽڵ֢᣿
ھʣҵײ£Ť˵ͬˢ£̰ʯͷһҩȷƣиУͣ޲ȱ©Ȼָ

ȱݣΪͼʶ޷Ǿ˵̫ˡ
ܹ޸һоϵˣڵϸָŤѣֻҪ㹻ϢָӦòѡ
㣬Ҳ֪ɡѰң
Ϊʲô취⣬ҡҡͷΡ
ˣҹپҽʦרſҲַֻǣΪʦȣѾºˣȥҵģ

͵仰ָһһֱ˹ȥ
ɻָһ㣬ָ⣬ϸһۣ̲ͫסһ
ʮֵӣӦ龳ǿµģһ˷֮Уƺϸˣָ
ԤӵŤľȻǰһʵҲõĽ
ģ
̲ס˹
ᴿģֻо龳ʱӣȻԽԽߣﻹмЧ
˵꣬ٴε
л
ֽӹʶӽȥָû˿ɣһָһ˽ȥ
̣
Щһڣ̺Ťľںϣ֮ǰɱ֮ʱˮĺ࣬˲֮ǰŤͨޱȣϰ
⡭

˵֮ǰֻǲ²⣬ⶫãȻԹȷкô޸ڵˡ
ŤȻʵӰ첻̫󣬿ʱˣҲΪʵ𽥼ˣһܽ彫һֱ۷ڣԺлˣٴͻƣҲδ֪
ȭͷٴοǰλ𾪡
ȻɾöԷʦ㣬׿ϵҽȻҲǸ½۷ĳ
ֻǿ
ϣ
ԷڣһЦ
ղŵһн̸Ǵ˵⻰תͷǰɻĴģϷǰݷãΪҵͽϷŹһ
ͽʦʲôԸǣ
Էûһ΢Щš
ʦûϿʦܲĳϣһΪɲ⣬̸󣬲ٶ˵ѾǣʦõĳЩܣ֪ġ
Ҳ˵ǰλʮ֮˾ģ
ʦܲϡʮӣҲҵ
ͽţΪǱԭٹҵõѶ˵ǽѺʹס˾ԣԹ飬ϣܹ⿪ɣ
ϲڶ˵˿ƽ޲ȴŲɵѹȸС
ţǡʦͽ
ŵò
Ųʵλʲôɢޡѧʦͽ񲻱ʾλʦ״
ϡ
֮ʣһٵĺϼҴҷ˽ˣԴɻ󣬲Ǽæǰ
ôˣ
żüͷ塣
ˡķӡ𣬿ٹţˣϺ٣ɫס
Ųˣ
ͫһĸȥͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷǰʦ
Ҵˣ
һڣһȻ


1501 ñԭӴʧ
ⲻܣ˾ż۷󷨣ΪԭþѪöɣûƣʦĻ᳤ϢĽ˴ߡ
ǰλ˵Ļһ
ţҲš
Ѻ֮أ֮ɭϣ۵ռ֮أϢ룬֪
˵ʦ᳤óռҼ
ɡھʵˣŲˣǰ˵ˡλ˭
ʵִﵽ˺ֵز
⡭
ȻͬǲţĻסΣæȭʦ²֪ͽðʧ֮ҸΪѣ
ǱԭٹǣʦͲһˡ
ʦУѧ裬ʦͷҪ׷ʦöҲ⣬֧֡
סܾ޴ʹ࡭һ䲢ΪѾˣ۾÷䡣
⡭
ҧҧʵʦ˵˰ɣŵĴʣ뾡켤ǣʦõǼ£ԡҲûа취
ǣʦã
ɻ
µȷǣʦܲ㲻֪㡭ܲˣ
üëһ壬Ǿ֮⡣
ȻղɾöԷ̫ϳϣܰƣһ˵֢ڣñȻ֮ܲˣλδõϣˣû϶ԷĻͬʱҲ뿴׹ʲô
ϾԷûҲûȡ֡
Ϊ˾ͽû๵Եɡ
ֻǡǣʦܲĴ£˾Ȼһϲ֪Ѳɣܲˣ
ʦϢĴӱԭ˾ߣûôˣ
ҵȻǣֻЩ鲻ѡ
һûֳİ˰֡
żʣʦܲǣһ𣬵ô£
ʦ֮ܲʣ£ҲΥµ£ɺͱòɲ֮ϵһš
ⲻܣ£ʦԶ£᳤ִеġֻҪܲﵽǼʦ˲֪ô֪ܲ㡭˭
ǰһ
ԷʦõˣԷܹˣҲҪ֮¡
ʦԼԭͼ֣ΪԼЭ
ʦ˭ܵǱԭߣǺ⣿
Ϸһ£Ҳ۾
ֲϢǽһѹȶ˺
ϣ£ͷϸ̸ȱ˵
û뵽¶ţüëһָһ
žણ
˵ͻȻеղŽڵ̷ά֮Ű˺ѡ

ͷ亹ֱðһ㵹ڵϣкȻҪ˵ȴһҲ˵
һ˲ףѾ˶Է
ѵǡλε
ȫҪ֣һû취ͬӡһ㡣
ʦõõϢɽڲĶӭһλµĵ˵ǶʦתᣬһĪ⣬Կ⡣
ܲרһλóľʦǰȥ̽飬ûλĹ˾綾
λԷⶾԼʦһλʦԸʦΪУҪš
һ·֪̽Դλλ֮󣬵ȷ˲ŷ
Ѳɡһ˵ĶǼٵģʵѾ˱ԭ֣
ȻôϢ¶
ж֪һҪɱԭˣʮּ򵥣
żתԽתԽҵʹǿҪ˺Ƭ
ǡҸղڵǼ
ܿ죬׹
ʹĵطǶԷڣҲ˵ԷϢ¶ûһʱ
ɶ񣡡
֪ô£ٲţһ˵ӿٶתȡ⼸ѹȥ
ȻܽⶾʵʱѹӦò⡣
ϡ
߲˵һһ
ǰλʵжߣһǰλһ仰죬ĲҶƺʲôصֶΡ
λôǿ
ÿˣƽסԹ˲Ͼʵ㣬ҵȷʦʵֻǿ
Ƥһ̧ǰһɢֵܹϢһһϲԣгͷ
Ҳ֣֣ңνͷŹ㡭Ҳ⣬ñԭ
Ӵʧ


1502 
ʧ
ɫһף鲻Խĺһ
Էһѹ˵޷ϢĽԭأžߡʵ֮ǿŽҪܴù
һ
룬϶򲻹
ʵҲͺ޼ԷƷô򵥣ɱӦøף
ʵҲ֮û֣ǲԸͿ̿Ϊˣɱˣ
˫ֱٴǰһܿΪȴһиɻѹȸС
һųǰ
ֻҪɣڼһʣһԳ֣ģ
ŵʣ϶Ҫȫڰ취Ժȥ룬֮⿪ʹ࣬»ָʵ
ܰһʣ
һ

ͷ­¶Ũҵţ£û
㵹ûţ
ӵͼݣӵϵпܡ
ϣҪ˿϶ҲܣʦУ
ǡ
һΣɫһףͣԭɺɣͻ⾭ҪƳֻһ·ߡǾǼȡ֮
˵ʲô
ͷƤըܵѿԶӡ
һҲһΣˤ
ΪʦԳ֣׽ǰѣû뵽ȥҪⶫһ
£ֻһųܼʹ࣬ȻᰴԼķд˾ûʲôû
ĲͣζϱƳĿľΪ˱ȹһĹⶫ޽ġ
㡭
۾ȭͷʱը
ӵۣ֮ɿԷû˵ٻ
Ҳ˵߱ԭĲɲ֮⣬ȷûκη
ɶ
ۣ
һͻȻɫһ죬һѪ˳
鼤ƿز֮£ȻⷽڵļѪӲ˳
Ҷ¶㲻Ƕ֣ҲҪͬھ
һŭһ˹
ƾǺ
ʦȫ˺գǰĴ֮£֨ѽ󷨱˺׷䡣
ϣҪ
û뵽ԼסλǿߣϾͱŭ˶֣ҪǵöԷ죬ɱ䣬ԭʧ
¡
ĺѾˣϱ¶ԷðĿҪը˿ȫʩչ֮ǿض˺ѣȻ޷赲
㷢ô衭
ҲûϵǰλԸ˱ң˵־ͳ֣ܲʤŵͫһ͵һץǰ
أ
͸ϯ
ۣ
Ѫֻ磬ǰǺҪ
ԷΪǾ֣űʩչĹȻܳܵķΧҪǵֵ˴󲿷ֹһ¾ͻᱻ
ˣ񱩵ҲŰȫһһ㣬ϾҪɢܡ
ʵôô
ţдϵľ
þʦ˵¶ԷðʦŶŭ𣬱ű֮ģɱ˶ԷҲҪˣζû뵽һʵʵô
һ
ɶʵȻðǿߣԭӺڣ¡
ȻҲû뵽ǰλǿƥû취ĳǿߣʵôɫһ͸죬̲סȡ
ԭϣ½϶պȻһֻ龳Сһŵö£ȥʲô棬ȥ
ߴȣһţſвͣ꣬岻ͣ˳Ž׵չ䡣
ʦ棬ǡʦ
ϵĹֻȻʩչΪȴûܵκβǸΪˣҲάֲαװӰʱȫ׹
ѹ֮ǰ֣Ϊʦ׻ȥʦ˳
ѹһֱãʦôϤ
ԭʦ
ҲԣֻʦܽӵĴѶ󣬲ϧһд۵ĳֻʦΪ֪ʵУҲҪȥҴȡķ
ֻʦ˳ƴֻΪܹΥ⣡
ʦ
ѧ¡
ͬ˺ѣҧ͵ؼҪ˺ա
Ҫġ
ͫһ̲סȡ


1503 ʦҲˣ
Ƶڽɱ飬һͻ˺ѰʹʧǿʹõĻþѣѻָŪл͡
ֱĿĺܼ򵥣вɲ֮ʣʼ̻Ϊʱ۷ǿߣ
ᣬȡᣬʮּ򵥡
ɡѾͷԸʹ࣬ҲԸӦʮŭϼ죬Իת⣬ôû뵽ðһܹˡ
˭
Ҫˣ
ס֣
ڹ˲ȥץλðʦļһӰһΣǰն¡
ӿȫڣѨҪȥ㽫񱩶ѹơ
¡
űűľģޱȣһʱ䶼ѹס⵽ʱˡ
𣿡
ۿ죬ĿҪը
ʶǰŮҲˣһ򹧾񣬴ϣʮأƴӡô£ǰˣҪˣ
ǿѹסԷ̲ס̧ͷȥ漴ʵò鲻Խһ¡
ô᣿ѵ
ͫһͷһǡλ
Ӵ࣬ŵԸ֪٣λҵʦۣκ˶ܴһȻܵ㹻Ĵۣ
ǰλôᣬ˷裬ȻǴˣ
ÿ
ں˼룬ߣŮŭը˺ѣһ̣ؿһ±һɾ޴ײ䵹ɶ
ڿУѪ硣
ģҪ
ǿѹסڵѪڣĺòͣ·Ů۾졣
ǿ
ۣ
ȻսɣҲܲסɫһ죬Ѫ磬ͣƺҲܲסʱᵹ¡
δ£ˤڵϵǰһץڵӿڣˣ¶ᣬдžʦ㲻Ҫ£ѧ¡
㡢㡭Ҫˡ
ͫľҪǰֹȴ֣Χ˴ǿѹȻһʱ䣬޷ǰ
ǿжھѾܲסˣ˿̣ȥˡ˵˵Ѱ·ˣ
ȼԼȥˡ
ǰȭͷҲ鲻Խ
ΪǶðǿߣôû뵽ȻǸΪµļһαװ
֪ʵôͣͷųǿĹ
УܵȶȻѣæתͷͼŮɫҰףȴЦ⡣
ʦˣû¡
˵꣬ǰһڣҲֲסˤڵء
ԸӰ˿̣Եôô
ţ
ﻹô£ۿ̺ˣҪγѪ
͵վ͵һ㡣
¡
ڵ̲ҪǮƵģӿŮڡ
һ룬ͬˮ࣬˰ء
Ů֮ǰסľ˿ȫѣһʣҲ˵ԺκãҲǷˣ
ްΪ

һŭֻͷƤҪը
ŬһߵڣҪ˷ˣ˵
š
ûѹȣٴǰҲŵżĴȡ
㣬ǣ
ŮڻվǰĴϣϣ۾Ѫ죬Ҫɱˡ
͵ԭΪټʣʵӣ֪ԷԼѧó˲̵ֶΣҲͬ⣡
˵ʵѧסܵʹ࣬Ӧģһʱûģ˴
˵ѧʲô£һñԭᣡ
䣬Ǵӵ߳ħ
潫Ŵߵʱ˵ԷãԭȻΪ伤ʣһУĸֶܺΣҲûʲô˼ɵģ
԰ɣΪʦʥӵʦ¥ɹ˲ţǰ;ҪȻʦȨʦʸ½ͨ
ǰ꣬Щһ̲סȡ
ŵ֪һЩ׹ȻҲƲ
λʺǿʥӵţѵҪõǰ̣
ʦǣýʦ졭ҲʦֻʦҪΪΪ𣡡
һץϵʦ˺飬һЦͬ
һֱʦĸֹѹȣΪչذ£һ涨졭ˣ
ΪֻΪš
ѩޣ


1504 ԭ
㡭ôĵӣ
û뵽ǰλȻ˺ʦֱۣ˵첻ʦϲըˣ
ʦݵͲģ
˶ôϷʦϺڣ
µһְҵкιԣ
ҵӴ󣿻ûǵӴʦܲȻΪĳ棬߲òɲ֮ʣȫߵĸܣͲк½۷ıԭϣǸԼֻΪҺúõѧǣ飡
ŮӰԽԽȻˣ˰ıԭҲûµıҪˣ
ԭûµıҪһ龳Сӣ˵ģ
һԽ˵ԽףһЦ֣ͻȻɫһ䣺ô£
ֻԭ췱ǣƵգ֪ʱƻƣ׵磬̾УƺʱըѶ
ǡ٣һҪ龳
һ㶡
еļһڿ˵ҪҪԭôû֣ȰѶˣ
ɽ٣Թ˲Ͼδ֪ĻйȥԸˣ
ĥǹѾˣڲų龳ʲôãñԭܳΪ½۷Ҳ˵˵ģ
һ֪ڸģ˿̻龳һЦ͵쳹ƺѹȥ
蹬ţҪΪԭˣ
ǣ

бԭӣԼͬʱڿ飬粼һ
ԭܳΪ½һżҡҵȳ壬ǿ֮࣬ƿֲﵽʥصĳǿߣͲǧ
ճ飬Ϳڳԣ֪ԭк
ӡһЦ
龳ûﵽЩΣ
ھ£ʲô㲻ϡ
ԣϣǸЩԾ
Ĵλ֪ߵغļһƷ֮ʱǽŵ
ţ
Դɻ
þʦȻɫȻǷʲô¡
æ̧ͷյĶ٣ֻһۣͫ׶Ȼ
ֻյƣܲԽԽӴԽԽӷףգ۹ȻĶСӣɲۣͣƺҪԭڡ
Ķ׽٣սҲûôǿ󡭡
һ巢
ս٣ǧĶͲˣԷһ٣ȻĶƣʮô£
ô׽٣ԼҲ޷ɹɣ
ǧ𣡡
˵𾪣ŵĿһһȡ
׵磬˲нֱܵĽϡ
¡¡¡
̳ǵܲס׷ѣڵϡ
ԭ
û뵽ԷĶ٣Ȼŵɫˡ
ಣ
е೤ϡӱֱཨȥԼʵסԭ괫кͽ
꣡꣡
ܹͥģһִ׵粻ͣ䣬зеӡϱУһûӦͷȥ
Ȼû˵ȴҲȫԣʱ޷

彩ֱ̲סˣݷס
һҲͫǼһ㡣
Ѿˣ˿̾ȻܵԸȥй⵽ôģ
ѹֶԷ˵Ҫԭ䣬˭Ҳס
Ҹƴˡ
ԭĽ׻ٻȫѣûʣ°㣬ץһֱ˹ȥ
ĸţٵҪˣ
ҹȥ
һӡ
¡
һִ׵
ĻûӦͱУһӿеȥ
䣡䣡䣡
ֽٵļһ˲䣬λ߳ƵĴϣͦͦڵϣͣ鴤ÿһ£³һѪƤҷ֪
پżҴ޺۶Եֵˣٸǿľǵ۷ǿߣɳܲס
ΪʦֻΪһƫʹɱ֣Ҳܵͷ
ģٴοһһָ
꣡꣡
һ̣׵£ϱûС
ţİɣΪʦһָٴӵ۷ʵҲ᳹׼ʣ
ԭûһܹҲ֪ĵĲˣͷһۻеŮ¶֮ɫһΣֱԶȥ
գ۹򣬾ʧںҹټ


1505 ʦܲ
֪˶ãճǰףһִջӵƽĲŻ˹վصķ棬Ļζһ¡
ԭ꣬βҾ徵սÿһΣӶ˴룬ɡõģཨݻ٣ҲֻС֣˿̡ױɷ棬صĲ
ӵܡϾûȴȫˣûʮ£Ҫָ޿ˣ
һٻȻô
䡣
λ˵ʵûϣΪֻǸ龳С־ͿһƬζûϵӵǿ
ֻǶ˸٣ԭͱҪǶս٣ʦܲҲܲס
ϡԭˣ
ŷ˹Ȼ
ǰˡľȻĵͷ
ƿرԭô꣬ΪиӻԻͣζû뵽
ֻҪûϣӽ쿪ʼǱԭĵˣֻҪ֣ɱۣ
ҧı
ǣ
ѹ೤ϵӣͬʱͷ
ϣ£λٹٵԭ񼫣ʵϱʦܲ䲼׷ɱ
תͷոѹϣҧ
ģһʵϱ
üģϵ˵ͷ
λΪʦȴعأʵڵΪ
˱ϳϣʵң¿ɻйڣ

أ
֪˶ãҲܲסӿе˵ϡ
þȫȻסһ͸ϢŰݻڵء
ҪΪŹ˵龳٣Ĳˡ
ˣһҹҲܲסˡ
η֮Բ޴ͣҪΪ߻Ϣ̫أٶ죬ɺױټ
һӵϢټܹ֮ȱݣ뿪һۼ£ľʦҪҵ¶
ŴӵվڵĵطһƬԭʼɭ֣ûаӰ˿
ţʦ˵ܾ㣬һܣ
ͷһۣеŮ˫۽գȻϢȴʮ΢ƺʱϾ
ҪһֱţͣĹά֣ѻ췦ˡ
ȱݣ
ڲݵϣָž
ˣ
鼮֣æȥ
̫ˣȫѡ
ҡҡͷ
ŵƣĻҪأȫĳ£˷ĩǣҲΪʧˡ
Ҳ˵ҹ鼱֮£˾Ҳ飬ûв
ŤѺۣ޲ɡѵĲڡ
ɫѿ
޸κҩĶȲϵЧǰǣڡ
ɸΪ֮ʦûйߺͿʯҲƳ
˿̣ŵǡ
飬ʧӰˣ޸ǿкã
ûо޷Ҫȥĵطúѡ
ëϸѪһᴩȫˣѪҺܴϸھ飬󣬵·ѣ޷룬Ҳϲ١
ʹɣ
һȡÿһϣ̺һָһ
ˣ
ٸŮȫѨϡ
ȿȡ
ζ£Ҳֲסٴڵء
ҲᣬûȥˣҪĹˡ
ȡһöҩ£оָһЩٴοŮ
ŵٵڣɫ΢һЩʵ̫ˣѣ֪жԶ
Ҫ׻ָֻһ취Ǿܾ
üͷ˫һ֡
Ȼҽͨǰκҽжûᵽ˵һ취ûС
ܾ˵ᣬû
ûܣȻûУҿһ
Ŀһ
ǰû˸ɹΣ

ֻܾҪʲôܴ澭ͨ裬ܴ
ͬĸͨҪܣͱʲô档
кֶԴ澭ͨܲ˺
ҪȥʦѰһҽʦᡭ
˼˰죬Ҳ벻ʲôֻҡҡͷ
ʵڲУƳһµľֻǡˮƽ̫ˣưשԣϸ壬Һ岻ľ谭Ͳˣ
ңܲñ棬ҲȷҪѰ鼮鿴ܵóۡ


1506 
ͨЩз˲٣룬ڹŽƳȹ̡
ò˵ŵʵ̫ˣڵ⣬ҽʦ¾۷壬Ҳû취ƣֻ޲ߣҲֻܽ͸룬Ĳλһ㻺ָ
ЩѾӽһ졣
һ죬ɽЩҰӣ֮⣬ǻƣָԼΪ
һŬڽڵųƾ龳سڵҲӦ
һ룬ֻҪɹӦܹѹ
ٴδϸһ״̬ٴνȡƽڲԶŮһ

ϰٸǰ˫ḧ絯١
ڵľѣ޷ȫֻܿ뽫˲λһŬƲȫָ⣬󣬾ܴ̼˯񾭣ѡ
ȥ
˫üһֱ䣬ڣû˿ɣǰ͵һġ
žžž
зĽģͬħһ㣬ڶԭ˫Ůָᶯһ£漴Ľë۾
ʦ
վǲţû
飬ŰΪαɣû뵽ٴοʦ
İɣʦڣҲûôף
΢΢һЦ
˵ʵκ̱ڻҪأһȻˣ
ͼݲȱݣƣֻҪûȻزʲô£
ţ
˿ǰһζһ£ʱˤ
ֽ֮סǸ⣺ȻˣھȻ޴棬Ҳڣõģʦ취㾡ָܻ
лʦ
΢΢һЦ
ûܼʦѾܿˡ
ΪָܻܲҪ
ȡȪˮҰŷãŮŻָЩɻĿܣʦģǲڱԭô
ʱϺϻʦһˣִӳģ
Ҳ̫εΪʦԺϸ˵
ҡҡͷһץŮֱԶȥ
ʱ䲻һ
ȻûΪָͨһûκѣټٶȲ
Ԩǡ
ѯһᣬõ׼ȷĻش
Ԩǣ֮ǰ⸽ĵͼŽӹԭ۹ֻмǧ·Ǻܽ
۹˲Զ
ס
ϣŲ·þȫУתߡ˴η򣬾ĸˣԼ֪
û뵽Ϊﵽ˶龳ٶ˲٣ۣһҹɷ
ǰ
ŵͷ
Ȼ۹˾ڸǹȥɣ
ͣһ£
ǰŮľ뾡ҽΣСп϶ûкʵ۹ˣΪ۹֮Χ֮㣬֮࣬ʥӵ˿ҵʵʣҽ飬ڵ
ŵͷ
ʦȥģȥģٲֿ
ȥ֮ǰҪıһò
֪һʱ䴳ĻСĿʾˣȻ鷳
Ҳܾ
òܼ򵥣ּαװûΪȽ鷳һЩƷڣҲܽòסһۿȥѱʶ
۹ˣʥӵһζӰͻأ֡
ǴżƵʦִܲܲνʥ򸾣Լ޺ۡ
ﵽôˣģ
߳󷨣ʦü
ʥӵ½һѧսʦòΪʦܲµ֯ôһƬвٵطð̣˸һ
ղмʦ
ղʦǰһһʱ䲻֪λش𣺡¡
ϵƣѾ˲٣һ뵽һֻ龳ѧӣôǱ̲סѪ
ؼǣһǰλʦѧ
ղʦסλ֪
޺ۼæ
ˣ
ˣղʦƤһŨҵŭ⡣
ˣ
޺һ㶣ʥӵôߣ
óֱ뿪Ҹ׷ϣʥӵǰ͡
ղʦҧ
ôô£
üͷʦ̲ס˹
ʦѧҲö˵ֳôĻ£ʦĹѾ飬ԭԭϱܲȴǲþ£
ղʦȭ
ˣҵѧ
ҡͷ


1507 ʦǿ
ѧ
ղʦסܵļλȫһ
λʦѧֵ÷з˾֪ôˣˣ
֣ҲǸ˲һʱ䣬ҵѧֻһλ󣬴δչˣҡͷ
αװ޷죬ղʦʦû
һӺˡ
һոͻ龳ļһкֵżҡʥӵؼǣ˵ӣÿһ˶ɣ
ǣǾˣһʥӵҺ೤ϣڸðʦѧĴҡײƭ񼫣ϳͣ
ʦ̬棬Цղʦ׹ȳ
֮ǰΪԷݣ֪δȻףʦѧ޹˼ɡ
ϳͣ
ʦһͬĿ㻹֪ݣ
ݣʲôݣղʦһ˦䣺ߣʲôݣֻҪѧʥӵҾʸ
ľͺáϣʱ򣬱ֳЦ
ҡҡͷʦٶ˵
ƵģҲ˵ģǲʥӵƣȷϣʱǲҪ˵Ϊá
ʦ⣿
ǰλ۷ʦֹղʦɻĿ
ûʲôϼᣬʦܿһۣղ˵λô뿪ô£
ġ
Σղʦǽ˵˳
˵죬ʥӴ󹥻ڲó˴ֱ뿪ʦϵ˶һۣһһ㡣
Ϊﵽ־磬ԿռѾﵽ˼ߵˮƽ֪ôѶȡ
ʱڲòС£ؼǣһŪռɷĩҲ޷ع顣
Ϲʱ࣬һǵû£ó˴˳ߣҪǣпʱ䣬УһԱ󷨡

νʥʦ֪˵˼ҡҡͷҲ
ʵȻͨƵһ˿ٲΣֶ˿󣬾
뿪֪ȥ
νʥæ
λԽ㣬Խã϶λҲͲסеĽ
󱻻٣κκۼû£Ҳ֪ȥʲôطղʦҡͷ
ȥըĵط
ʦ
λ룡
ղʦǰ·ܿһӸǰըѣڵ˺ܴĺۼ
ʦϿգϸ۲˺һᣬ̲סҡͷֻܸ²͵ϰ֮⣬嵽ĸʲôطҲ
֮⣿ѲһֻصżңһУŵݷס
Ȼļһʵǿֶʵ̫ࡢ̫ˣǶˣһһΪ˱ܵżҴ֣˭ܿ⣿
Ȼ뿪żҵĿԲ󣡡
ʦ
߶ˣôʥӵһˣٴλȥ
˵żҶǸģˣɶƻ
λ˻ϤڣҪ뿪ȻװɣνʥȽģ˹
˵ûСˣ⣬Ƚһץס
۾һղʦæԸ
֮ǰΪǸܼʦģֵúܴҲץʦԷϣûʲôɿˡ
ǣ
ϵû˿ԥֱԶȥ
ȻˣɷǿһЩ¡
νʥ
ȷλǲӣ֮ദãӦ֪һЩߡ
ʱ䲻ͼϵ˴һӷ˹
ӱϺҷɣĲͣ£ղʦһȣСղʲô˼

֮ǰԷʦĹܼңƺСղûʲô˿ֻαװȻ˵ղʦʱŭա
㻹湻ģôĹɰ󣬱ܼҿԲƽľٶŲҸ֪үж˿飿
ǿŭȼա
һл·ɣ
ҲҶֱ֣޿ˡ
֪үǺǡ
һﵽ˻װģҫղʦ̲סЦ˹˵˵үǺˣ
Ҽүʦʦ̫ܲϳϣǿ֮һô𣿺¾ϸҵǸ
ǿߡ
£֪Ķ
Ļղʦٴҡͷ
ǲ֪ߵغʦڸǰһȻð䣬ǵӹġ
˵ʦĹܼң֪ʦ׺ģ
˵ĶԻڶУҲ̲ס˹
ģǼүۣ֮òĻܣ֪
ǿ͸¶һ俴˹Цһ¶ŨŨĲм𣿡


1508 ǿ
ȻʦӴˣĿȾ֪ܶʦĹء
Ǽү½ŵŵľ֣˵òʵ似ǻеĻܣй¶Ϊһ֪ȻŪԵľٴ룬ʤ
ⲻ֪ðͷȻҲѵʣţ֪֪
𣿡
ȻʧЦ
Լ֪ԼòͿЦˡ
ЦʲôЦ֪ʦĹܼңɿȻүǳԲ˶ߡ
ǿ
𣿿²ˣʦҡҡͷεĿʵɣϷ
ǰװүôĹ
ǿһ㶣漴׶Է˼ը
үദôãģֹ֪һðͷ˵Լү

Ÿսͼһǰ
Ǵݵʦƣ㿴һ£
ʦɫȻ
Էһֱ˵ĹܼңҼᶨƣδΪԿԷûαװѵ˼Ҳ˵пܣһҲǱƭġ
Ȼˣ᲻ðԼλΪͽʵϡ˶ɱˣ
ࡣ
ı飬ǿǰƣֻ֡Ŀꡣ
ʦ̫ϳϣүðҵ֣
⡭
ǿס岻Ĳ
ղ֮Ե㣬ΪʥӵҶʦعأûү֣Ҳϡټʦܼҵݣȫġ
ζû뵽ǰλʦȻǡǰļһﵽ˭
Ѿ䣬öʼЩˡ
үѡУһүӡԺ֮ȥѴĵ׾λ޵еʦ
ͻȻðһ˵λүǼٵġ̱
ܡⲻܡ
ݷףǿʱӿеȥ
ûʲôܵģʦλ磬չܼңҲǺһΧ۷ǿߣһСʲôʸ񣿡Ц
ɡ
ǿʧǡ
⸱飬νʥ֪ˣٰͲסæʵǼү굽׶֪գ
ܵģүôôǼٵģ
ͣҡͷǿƺûԷĻ
ˣˣһֱԼʦĹܼң۶ȻЩܲסڰʣ˵ġ
νʥѯʣʦ̾Ϣ
½ʱ򣬼٣ЩˣһֱΪԼʦҴߣʱˣԶʦĽɫѱ棬ǰλȻǡ
λүһʼ˵ԼȻһֱôΪö֮ҲˣͻȻ࣬Щܲס
ɡνʥż
ż֪飬ǣҪȷλǲҪԼУϢٶ࣬ûκô
ʦ
˵Ϣٶ࣬޷ȷϡ
ҵԷԿһ˵
ȥ
νʥ
Ҳֻ֪ҪѰң϶ҵ˿ʦ
κ飬ƾճֻƾʧλר죬뿪ȻȥĵطֻҪϸ׷飬϶ҵ˿ġ
ţ
пһʦѯղʦһЩϸڣͻȻüëһһһѶƳġ
ĴѶƣ˵Ĳ̫ͬˮһ㣬ͨ͸ƺӵиǿ
ʦܲѶƣ½κεط״Ѷ
ֻ̫ߣӵģ۷ʦ
ôˣɫ仯Ͽ˹
λϢˡ
ϵݿ꣬ʦһһջؽָ
ģ
νʥæ
ʦܲյõϢ˵ðҵֱ֣ԭǵٹ
ʦ
ðʦٹ
ȫһ
һﵽҪʲô
ѵ֪иʦãѹ˷
޼ɵߵƻģǲǻˣ
ǰӣǽ䴫͵ԭˡҪȥ˭ȥʦܲȹȥʱ˿¾Ϳˣʦüëһ
ˡ
һȻܵԭðô£
ʦɷͨһ£ʦܲȱæֻ֣ᡭһʱͿ
ʦܻܲᶯ֣νʥż
ʦܲµһһ֣Ѿȡ
û취żҡʥӵͬԭọ̈̄ʦñִ֡⣬ϢӦѾȫ۵ʦܲˣξϣǴ᳤£Ұףܲˣ
ʦҡͷ


1509 ۹
ɡ
νʥż
λǵĶӣδô£񲻱סˣ
żҵλ˵ֻҪϵʦܲǰҵƾǷı棬Ӧûصء
סӵļ˽ʥ
ţ
νʥͷٴӢҶӣʦܲҪҲҪȴҵʬ߹ȥ

ЦЦ˽ʥ𣺡ҷþûˣҲöһ£֪ҵĶӣ˭ܶ
׳־ķ޶ˣϺղʦͬʱһ顣
ƻ񡭡ĻŴ𡭡
ʦܲȥԭĴ߰ɣ
˵뷨ʦ˰֣뿪ͻȻ뵽ʲôղʦλܼңȱæãŪ˵
һҲܺߣ£иô
ǣղʦͷ
Ӧʦٶ˵ٴλصķλâһԭʧ

ǵ۹ˣ
ǰΡĳУ˷ΰ̲סп
ԨɽУѱһͷʥޣʱ䲻
ʱ˶ıòһ·飬δʲô˳С
ʦȥ
ſ
ƻָɫ֮ǰ˲٣Ҳûôֻû֮ǰΪʧ١
ȥʦῴ

ԷƾȥҲֻطһʦᣬڶҽʦᡣ
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۹˵ˣ뵽ǰĹ㳡ϡ

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1510 ʦ

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λ֪˵ĽͣƤ̲סһһԤð˳
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1511 ʦܲϣ
ʦܲ´
ԶУǰݹѶϢһܡ
ض׷䲼ˣ
Ѿȫ䲼⣬һڣϢᴫ½ֻҪλ֣ܲܵõѶ˽ץ
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ѾӱԭصܲҽһϢϱǰλȻҲô졣
ʦ׷ǣԴʦýһ˾ŴΣλЩԣϾΪʦ׷᲻ܲС
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ʦܲһλϡ
ΪС
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뾡촦ߣ֪ٴѡ
ܴˣƣ嵱ǰ岻ݴǡ
˵Ҷ֪רſľһ·ڲһʱ䣬δʦóɹһδʦͨ˫˵ǽɹԴ۹ʣѫֻΪżҡʥӵԭһ£ֱץһʦ׷᲻ᡭ̫Щ
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һλϵοսʦս֣ҵʦֳìܣ
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1512 ʦܲ£
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꣬ʦͻȻʲô˰֣һץ

ܵĿռγһĽ硣
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ȫջأʦ˿йâ˸ʦȻ첻壡

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죬սӳصӣ


1514 սӳأ£
սϾҪأ棬ǿɶã
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⡭սε֪̳̲ס
Ϊԭλٹ
һֳǹһֱͷ­𣺡ʦ㣡


1515 ʦĵǣϣ
λսӣǱˣѧ֣
ʱۻ룬Ϣȣ֪ﵽʲô磬ò㣬ֹ֮һȣٲǵǸ³çꡣ
ʦ㣿
ȫüëһսʦгϲš
ƺʦ񲻱Ҳλѧ
ѧٹֵô
֣Ҳͣǿ˹ʦõͨҰɣô£Լ
⡭
û뵽ԭٹʦ㣬һ½֮ǰ׼õ˵ȫң̳һ£ֻýһƵ˹ȥͨǡʦ׷
׷׷˭ʦ
üëһ֣æӹƣͷһۣɫͬ顣
ֱܹ۲żҡԭʥӵԼʦõĶһʦټץʦҵҪ˭ӣ
⡭̳ŵһ飺սӣսʦãΪʦ
ʦµȥˣڹȻΥ
⣬ܣȽʦȻԻʦý棡һ˦䣬֣еĳǹһ죬ʱա
սʦã壬ͷ­ѪҲʱ֪ǱеķâˣҪ˶֪붯ҵʦҪԼжٽ
ǣ
ڳͬʱȭ
еĿЦеѪ
սһ˸ȥܾ


׷ʦʦõĵӻ湻ģϴθӣǲ֪飡
м䣬һŮ͵վ˫Ŀ˸͸¶֮⡣
ŮͲ󣬿ҲЩܵɫƣƺʦУױɱĻᶼûС
κ̣
ΪõʦȫĶ壬Ѿ˳һ춯أʦȻԲ磬ȴҲԶгϡ
Ҫ֣ʦⲻס
ʦΪǹˣһˣô죬ԸǣĴ֮һֽȭ
ӵ֮λȻǶ֮ߣؼǣ˵ָ㣬һ뻯㵱ʹҲǶ֣ױ
ܼ򵥣ҳһʦټб˸Ҷ֣ԣֱӶɱӾˣҲö֣֪ˣ
üκߡ
ѶԹؿˡ
ʦΪô࣬˵ûʦûڵ˸Ҷʦ֣ǲ˼ŸҾͲκ̣
ӵ
೤ȫ˷ܵرȭ
һ򣬶ˣȻд˻ᣬʲôȻ̳

ʦ½ңԶһżܿκιڵ
һ޴ӰӵǰŰϯؿѡ
ôżңʲô
Ӱ
ˡʦͨ
Զһͷ׻꣬ȭ
ʦͨΪʲô
Ӱ͵վ𣬴һζƺرøӺڰˡ
ѼѶϢ
׻ָһһƷ˹ȥ
ֽס޴Ӱͷȥüëһ
ǻʦãԼҵùīһȥһ˱ԭȥһʦģ
ӰһΣֱһƽڵϵġʬ塱֮С
šʬ塱վ¶㡢ò
䲻ʮߡ꣬׻ص״ӣ·壡
˿̵·壬׻ǿƥһһرɫض˺ѡ
ǣ
ͷī󣬴ԭķӶȥ

ʥԬҡ
˵ʲô׷ʦܺãܺãȻżλϵ⡭
Ԭվһڳǰ۾
ûʲôץҲûʲôץʦʦͲУ
ټ˼ǲҪ£Ͼʦµ
һλǰ
أ
δ䣬λϵ˳ȥգ۹Ϳټ
˭л˵Ԭ˫ֱ俴
ټչ֮ǰҪһҪ
һλϣҺɶ
ˣ˭ɶҪ˵𣿡Ԭμ
ҵȽ
ͬʱȭ
⻹࣡
Ԭĵ˵ͷȻ֪Ĺ涨ǾףҲҰ䲼ȥԭѰʦټиҶֵģֱӸɱ
ǣ
˵ͷ
ԬңȻżҵȴ壬뱣һˣűˣ
۾Ԭһȣ

ʥ޷ֱԭķ򼲳۶ȥ


1516 ʦĵǣ£
ʦܲվһǰһݽš
Ѿˣܲܳɹ
˲֪ãһλ˵
ܲܳɹҲֻ֪֪ҪɹºѡȫԲؽУΪµĻ᳤Ѿˣ
һλ˵
ǰʦʷܹģûˣһѧϰµˣ͸ȥؼǣ嵽˵ڰ˲㡭Ǵδйģ
һλ˸п
ʦҪϸԪ괿ѣڣʦᣬԽԽԶٲˣ
ڶλ˵
ʦᣬΪǸԵְҵսǿƽʱսǿְҵ棬λƾճ֣ܽı־棬ٲڿɫˡ
ǰû뵽ڿԵȵһλų֣ʦˡ
ͬʱп
¡
δ䣬һ漴˾Ϳǰʵ¥ζǰȥ
ǡɹˣ
˷ǵŭһɫǺ졣
ɹˣõʦʦϿɡλӱ˻᳤ܻǣʦ֮⣬ǿʦһʱ䣬ԽʦҲδ֪
һλ˼
ǰʦᣬҪˡ
ȫ˷ܡ
֪˶ã¥ͣһŮϷһ£ӡ
һյѧѧԺޱȵŮӱ
ʱѾһǰ̥ǵı仯֮ǰɰ˿ǣĿɨѹȸУ˲ҷ
᳤
฾ˣˢˢݵڵء
ܴʹ˻᳤ٸһɡ
ţȻҳ˻᳤ھͰ䲼һ
һ˦ӱԶ
᳤
ͬʱȭ
ʦˣӽ쿪ʼʦԻ᳤֮Դ˵أκɺƣΥߡʦݣ¼ã
һܣӱ
ǣ
˵ͷ
Ƭ̣һλ̲ס̧ͷ᳤˵Ŀλʥӵİʦ
ǣ
ӱͷ
½˺ܶ࣬ﵽʦ𣬶һʥӵΧģֻһˡ
᳤λʦ⵽ʦͨ׷
ָһλ˽͵ǰ
ţ
ͷһۣӱü۾Ŀ¡
۸ʦͷϣһһЩʵ˭ӣ
һӱȻתʦᣬﵽϵʦһȥԭڵʦãȫ飬ȺԸ
ǣ
ͬʱȭ
ʦһǸޣҲ֪ǹᣬҲ˾̾սˡ
˫ֱӱߡ

䣡
³һŻվ
ûоѧϰףʦİ£Ȼɹ˿̵ƤϸۣճӤϣû̫࣬òȴȻɱ仯ټʦ꣬αװʦδܹϳ
ıһòɣ
ɹ˿
һ۹ˣҲûôױϳˡ
ǣ
ŵͷϵļһ䶯ܿһģ֮ǰĲ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲǲɶˡ
ܺã
΢΢һЦ
ȻɺƯڵ۹ֵطѾܹھס
Щٴȥ
⣬ȻڣʦУϸԽ˽̲飬ЩǡǵʦǵαװɽС
ȥʦᣬҿûܴ澭Ʒ
˴һ£ţֱʦķȥ
۹˵ʦᣬʥӵ߼ֻǰǣҲһЩǼ鼮
ܿǰ̧˽ȥ
ʦȥ˭ɻĿ
ƷҲҪѯʰɣȻĿĵߣܴʲô
Ȼǻ᳤
ЦЦ
ʦᣬǿȻǻ᳤ҪҵȻҪˡ
᳤Ǿȥ¶˰ɣ֡
ڵصģȲʦҲʦʲôʸȥԷ
ܼ򵥣
ЦЦһܣǿʲô۾һ
Ľ䣬һʦؿڰ˿ҫâ
ʦ
˿ָӣԽˣ̲顣
ԷǰǼȻҺҡ
ǡ
λʦڵء
ôôˡСʦ尡
üëһԴá


1517 ۹ʦ
Сʦ壿
λʦһ£漴üͷɫࣺλѣ㵽ʲôˣЦƺװɣ
ʦ壬βʶǰλδ棬ֱ˵ʦ壬Դŵ٩ζ
Ц治ʶң
ҡҡͷͻȻһץ
¡
͵̽λʦڣƺҪѹɷĩ
ʵﵽ龳ڣƿأ࣬һЩʥسǿϣսʤǰλǰʦΪȴҲ龳۷壬ֻһת˫ӭ˹
ƻûǰ͸еղŲ㽫գ۹ʧǴδֹһ㡣
æǰ꿴ȥžͿ˫ֱһȻĿȻ㲻ʶң㣬ǲǽгī
µȷǳī
īʦͷ
֣˲֪ܽгʲô
ʦӾʦ®ʦϰ®óΪָһػˣЩҶû˵ɣ

⡭û
īһ£漴ҡҡͷЩ飬϶̽飬Ҳûʲô
֪Щ̽ĵҪʮָϲܷӳǿ㵱ѧϰʱָˣÿα鲻ԽȻӰ첻󣬵˵Ŀƣûﵽ۷壬㣬Ӧû̫֪ɣ
һЦ
㡢㡭
īʦֱ
еϰߣȻ˴ţȷǵѧյʱγɵģ֪˲࣬ǹᣬҲûмˣǰλһ˵ô϶ͬ׼Ѳɣʦŵˣ
Ҳ֪֪ĺںܶȱݣ®ʦҹָһ£ϣͻƣȻûʲô㲻Ҳˣ
֡
ָң
üīʦɻ
ַϣԵĴ󣬵һֶ̫ӣÿһ򣬶Ҫ£һЩʯȷкôԱں˵ûô˳ˡ
һЦڡ
īʦһΡ
Է˵ĲȷϰߣҲŸÿθֲϵںʱ䣬Ʋǿ
ö֮Ҳͷˡ
ϰߡַÿһҪǰʦȴҲƾ
ڶԺ۵ķѰҴĵ㣬ѰҾֲЧܲÿҲҵʯѴλãϧٶȣһЩ

ҡ
īʦٴһ
Էͺۼһ㣬˵ķֺ


˵꣬īȻ亹乡
ȷַеĴ󣬸Σûгɹˣˮƽнȴԡ
⡭вȷ
Ҳ̲סȭ
ȻȷԷǲʦ壬ȴҲ֪һ;ϣԷԶͬն
˵ʦҹָ㣬Ȼн֮
һЦ
ȻڲóԼİʦ£֪ʶڣһЩǳ֮ȣ˺ܶࡣ
ͼݿԷȱݺ΢˼Ѿҵ˽ָʮּ򵥡
ԭˡ
ָ㣬īȻඥ֮С
лСʦ壡
ݵڵأīóϷ
βˣ
һЦ
ˡ
īһЦ
Է㲻Сʦ壬ָ֢ᣬȷҲаʦ֮꣬ʦˡ
ɾͺãιָ㣬Щ飬Ҫ鷳ǻ᳤Ϊ

Ҫ᳤롭
æͷīǰ·
⡭
һĻŶԼʦ
֪ʦܣû뵽ͺƵһλʦΪʦֶؼǣŲɣš
һλʦ·ܿ˻᳤
Ǹʮߣͷİ׷һΪȻﵽʥ۷塣
᳤Сʦ壬ǰҪ㡭
īǰ
Сʦ壿᳤ɫһæ֪ǰγƺ
ͳīƽ۽ԷȻСʦ壬ȻҲǰ
λҵѧΪЩ⣬Ҫ᳤æ
ȭ
ԭʦ֪ҪҰæֻҪǹܹض߾ȫ
᳤ЦЦ
ģҵѧΪһˣѯһ£ǹᣬʲôƷԴ澭ܹת



1518 
澭
᳤ͣһ£ͨΪӣΪ֮չ˳ܲ٣ȴҲ㣡
һֿĶߵΪ仯ʵǿͿʵխ岻ɷָһ֣ʦƵıܰȴҲû֮

üë𣺡һЩıҼǵҲܳɴС֮ھ֪ɺã
ıҲԴС仯ͺеʥӵƽʱֻаƴСͬԱһ޴Ķơ
ǿı仯ȴ޷̺ңı仯ǣռ䣬ڱ֣һڣȻ仯û⣬ˡ
᳤Ц

ɫࡣ
ЩҲ֪ȴЩģϣܹӱ˿е֪һѶϢڿƱķæƾǲɵġ
ʵҲþɥƵȷܽǾ滻˵ܹɵģ
⸱飬᳤ʲô
˭
۾һ
ȻܹһҲܣҲҵˣϾ¿
ҲֻǴ˵ǲģûв֤ʱ䲻ҲͶʮǰɣʦܲһλǿߣĴѰ滻֮˵󻹳ɹˣ
˼һ£᳤
ʦܲ˭
æ
ǣָܻܲǧá
̫ϳϣ
᳤ͷ

ס
Լðλ̫ϳϣԳѧȦȦû뵽ЩѲɣҪԼȥң
ǰʦ츳ʵǿ˵Ҫǣڸְҵк裬Ϊ滻£ҹʦᣬܲĻ᳤оö꣬˵ɹˡȻҲֻ˵ʲôܻҪҵѯʲ
᳤
Ŷ
üģҪȥλʦˣ
λʦӦûżң»ҪżһС
ֻԼðԷѧðԷֵ·зȥ˼ң᲻ᱻֱӳѹ
Դ޺ۣߣλʦҪֶ֣ȫʩչ¶ûˡ
ʦ
һţһκ
ۿʦʦѾ֪λʦǼٵģʦαװðһλô£
ʦ׼βʦܲٻȥºҵѧҪĻҽʦĻҽʦҺѣǿæһ¡
ǰ˼᳤ΪѧĲ飬̲ס
л᳤⣬ʱҪˡ
ȭ˵ͼһʦҴ˽᳤һλʦ˵Ҫ㣿
ʦǣ˭
᳤תͷ
ûȼ£֪ȼʦһ£

һ£᳤˼˰Ҳû۹ˣλʦǵ˵ͷ
ǣ
λʦת˳ȥ
ȻпҪҾȸˡ
֪ʦӾ֪Ҳûʲô壬ţȭǣŸתŲ漴ղλʦһ˽
λСѣôҪ뿪
߿΢΢һЦ
ң
һ㶡
λһ᳤Լ˵⻰ʲô
ǰݷû᳤˵Ϊ
ź룬һЦ
Ϊң
üһ֡
ǰλߣʮͨȻʦۣȴûеȼ£˲֪һ΢Цʮֺơ
ȷϣǰԴδ
ʶ
ҲͲס˹
Ǻǣ
ҲشһЦ̧ͷǰʦ᳤ͳīʦλʦЩλСֵܵһ£֪ɷи㣡
˵ָһһ¸ڶǰſҫĿ
ʦ
£᳤ͳīͬʱһæȭǣ
ΪԷʦܻóʦ£û뵽һλʦƾ㣬޷ܾ

ȥܿ췿ʣźλֵߡ
ȡһⶼûС
ûˣһЦ˹ǲǰʦֻߣҸóƺΪŵ
㡭
û뵽Էһھ˵һͫһ뵽ʲôͷƤըӷʱߵ׼ʦѵǡ
ǺǣϷ򡭡
ٴź룬߿һЦ⣺ðǸ


1519 
ʱصǰ
ͨʦܲĴԭȻͨϵĲҿ
н̮ڵأð̣ǽϣŽĺۼ
ǱԭŪ
һ뵽֮ǰľľĲͣ¡
żҶɹ٣żŪĿȫǣ˼ɹ˶٣
޺һ
һ٣㱻û뵽һҹĹܵԭɹ˶١񲻱ʾһڽ󼶱
ҪҪô죿
ؼǡôģ
Ȼ˵Ӧ˺أɲԶǣڲ֪ȥ
ʦ
Ҳ֪еĺۼĨȥѾȥңʯ󺣣Ҳټ
ҡͷ
ۿԷߣٶǲ죬Ҫ׷ۼʱȴ֣ƾʧһ㣬ⶼһˣʲôûҵ
ͺλûһ㡣
Ǹ֣ӦֶĨ˺ۼ
ʦͷ
ʦ֮Уó׷٣Ҳó׷٣еǿߣߺʲôۼѯʵûκΰ취
ǰ϶ӲԶֻҪڷԲʮﷶΧѰңһܹҵ
һƶ
ȻĿǰûҵһټôأҪԶ룬Ӧûôףټʦõ׷зУױ֣㣬ӳľ룬Ӧûʮ
ֻҪΧϸŲ飬Ȼܹҵ
ɡϡżȻǶҪѰλͷ£ٶܹһЩ˭ҵ໥Ѷ
ʦתͷˡ
ã
νʥͷ
Ǹӵˣˣ٣ҵһ̶뵢
ҪԭһĲ״˵ˡ
߰ɣ
֪ӵ飬˽ʥѡһ򣬶ֱӷȥ
޺۲֪뵽ʲôһ£Ҳѡһת뿪
ĳϣǣ
ЦЦʦת롣
ͬգ۹ʧԭء
뿪ļҪ޲սһᣬͼżҴ޺ٴη˻
޺۳ϣѲҵλˣ
æӭ۾һ
ûУ
޺ҡҡͷ˫۾Ŀղʦȥĸ򣿡
ʦ
ס
ʦΪʦܲ۷ǿߣӵп̽Ʒ׷ݱԴλϢ϶ҲҵǷͷȥң˦ǣ뿴Ҫʲô
޺ۺߵ
ҵ˼ֻҪҵλ
۹һ
ʦʵǿҪ̫һ֣ý͡޺۵
ף
˵ͷðĹâθץסһߡ
ţһˡ
޺Ҳͷ
һ֪ðļһżŪɷ棬úôãżһк½ۣ֮
ϳͣ
飬˲֪õʦһɽϷͣһĳһ澵ӡ
ӡһâھϲͣתܿϷһغۼ
ʥӵĵʦƵı̽ⶫȻЩջ񡭡
ʦ΢΢һЦ
˵ʵλߺûκټʵѯͺƾʧһ㡣
Էеʥӵʦõı̽ⶫټ͵֪˶Է١
ȥ˵۹ˣ
꾵ϵĺۼܿҵ˵׼ȷλãʦٴһЦһΣԭʧ
λαװðѧ⣬ֻʮֺ档
һΪµˣαװݣʦסôģ
뿪ŰʱռһζӰٴγ֡
żҴ޺ۺͱԭġ
ʦûпغۼƾǵʵҵﲢѡ
ȥ˵۹ǱߣѲλڵ۹ˣ
ȷʦ뿪ķ޺۵
пܣ˱ԭĳλҪʧӰ٣˷ֻ֣ܲ
ĵͷ
ҪأʧӰ٣ʦö̽飬ɽ֣˺
Խ࣬ԽѲҡ
Ļλļпܵ۹ˣ˿ܼ֮
࣬ӣʦõ򣬿ΣգʵΣյĵطȫġ
Ϊû˻뵽쵽ء
֪ͨʦõˣ˵ڵ۹˷ټڲڣǳһ飡
޺һ
ţ֪ͨ
æͷ
ȻҲѲ飬ǺʦñȣЧʾ͵Ͷˣ֣߳λȻѡ


1520 ѧɣϣ

һҪߣջͣ
Է֪ԼαװȻû֣ƽ͵ѯʣ˵ûж⡣
˵Էվǰͺһ̶ˮ㣬ףҪߣܲܳɹҲδ֪
ô鷳˵
𾪲ѣʦҲͬǾȡ
ǰ꣬Կʵʵֻжʮ꣬ľȴĪ⣬֮
ѹαװԼûܹ֣ò
ؼǣ֪Լ˭ֳܱţû˿ţԣͳ֮ǰˡ
ΪαװһֶΣ֪ʦο
Ƭ̣ɻĿ
αװ˵޷죬ƾ述Ⱦ۷ʦľԼϵˣԿʲôǰλʦǴ￴ƶԼģ
ʵϢңҲ̽鲻ܹ֮ȷϣΪϵʥӵ
ʦ

һ㶣ġ
ԭסϹջؽָˣû뵽Ȼ˶ԷҵԼĹؼ
ǰǵʥƶɣ䲻۷ıȴӵʥӵۣʢڴָУҲڷɣˣȴɴڣûʧ
ЦЦʦ
Ȼ
ʥӵݣʦõľǿߣ֪ⶫҪ̽ѡ
Ȼʦ֪ҵݣΪץ˹
Ѿʦúܾˣǰ䲼ʲôûκιϵ㣬ֻǾЩ桭ţƾճ֣Ҫ֪ʦкδʦ˭
ʦɻĿ
ʵľǰλʦС
·ϣҲϸ˶Էļ˶ƣԼѧδԷ˵֪ʶˡ
ʦ½۷ʦûһʶԼԴڵķǰλȣҲ˺ܴһأ˭ܹ̳
ؼԣ̫
ʵڻδݹʦ
û뵽Էѯεҡͷ
ڱǰ˵ʦǰ˵Ѿûκˡ
ûݹʦ
ʦһ㶣ţôܣҹ۲¼ʱ򣬻ֻǸͨߣһ߹һ࣬ӵʥض龳ʵûʦô
λΪǸޣֱԾһ㣬˵ͻƾͻƣΪûκϰ
һʦָ㣬˵ùȥҪ˵Լֱ˼飬š
㵱ĿʦòҲûô̬ĽٶȰɣ
Ҳ֪ΪΣΪְҵһѧͻᣬһ;츳ˣûа취
ҡͷ
ͼݵ£϶ֻܹܽͣ鹦츳
ʷϵȷЩ츳죬û취͵ģͺżλСţҲ˵һʥǿ
Ϊʥܴڣһѧͻᣬһ;ģӦҲ̫ס
⡭
ʦü
ţȷҲֵģҵλСǣǡҲûô찡
˵Դʦţô죬ǰλֻǸɢޡȶԷ죬ûʦܣ
׽ٶ㣬ġ
һ似һָǷ꣬ڶûﵽɾ磬Ȼдɷѧϰһ£Ҳţȷûʦ
ͣһ£һʦȡһơ
Ȼ˵ʲôһѧͻᣬһ;ѧһԣҪˣҲͳˡ
似
ֽӹƣͷ˹ȥ
ָ
ʥƷ۷似һָ˫ɱС
ָв١ȷ
֪Էڶп飬ֻҪѧᣬɱιȥҲɣָһ֮¼Ժ漴һ֮ǰսʦõȵѼָ̻һ
жָ֮ǰĴǳָЩƣǽȫһ㣬Ȼͷš
ܿԺһ鼮
æͷ˹ȥ
ںϺָȻеһûȱݣﵽ֪ʶԺͣݡ
ָɱ¾̫أԸˣȴǼѲһָ٣Ҳһ𺦣Ҫ񣬶ﵽ۷ʩչѧϰҲκָ㣬ҲţֻҪڣܹﵽСɣҾţûʦҲߵⲽ
ʦ
죿á
۾Ѿѧˣ


1521 ѧɣ£
ѧѧˣʦæԼˡ
ӹƣɶûɣҲûȥ˵ѧˡʲô˼
˵жָѶһνӴ꣬⣬Ҳ˽ӽʱõû˵꣬˵ļٵģ
Ȼ似ѹΪʩչͬұһ£֪ˣ
΢΢һЦ
ã
ǰ꣬ƶƺ˿ηݺʵʦ˵ͷ
Է˵Ĳһ˶似գõķǶս
սʩչϣûɬ˵ա
¡
ţʦһһ̣Ϊ̵䣬úһģһ龳ڣ
ҿʼˡ
ʳָָָһתգ۹򣬾γһ޴ķ籩
籩֮УͣŭҪռ˺ѡ
ţ
ӦһҲûκζһָ˹
ָûз籩Ҳûţء
ʦ뿪˵ʩչĲԣһָͫ鲻Խ˲˵ָϵķ籩ӭ˹
¡
ָһգ۹籩ɢӰ٣һ̣ʦ͸еǱһɾУ鲻Խĺߡ˲һ⿪ֱָ龳۷壬ͣ
㡭
ǿѹסڵѪڣʦ
ԷղʩչָտʼͶָ̫ƣһ־׹ȫ仯ɣؼǣȻ˹ķе;ǵûȴ˽ӽһ
һֶָȫжϣ
ǰ۷壬
û˰ɡ
Щ˼
ûУ
ʦҡͷҲͲס㽫ָ޸ġһˣ
ͨսѾףԷɣ˳޸һ£⵽סôģ
̶̼ʱ䣬⿴ѧᣬ޸ġͬΣ
ϣȻǿߣ
似ĿΪ˸õʩչ߷ӳǿɱˣָһָ̫ԵͣԣҾ˳һ£Խض϶ֵתΪĿģȲɱˣö֣֪С
͡
ָȷɱеľУʵ̫ˣһлжԷŪûᱻлɳˡ
ںָȱݾͱ
ض϶ȷûôɱ¾ǡˣĶԷԷȴὫءһ֮Ϳֻܴ
ʦ
ɱСУͣҲҪ˭
սʦȻʹã˴սʱ΢֣һ»ᣬԼͼп뱻ڷ
飬ȱȽǡ
꣬ʦһνؿߣΪһ֮ʣûʹɱ֣ʦܵ˹䡣
º˲֪ãӴҲǳ˽ѵѶս飬ˣҪֶΣŻ
ǰսˣȷ
ͷ
ղŵɱ֮㡭
ʦ֡
֪Ϊλиĳģ
ŶղźսֻԿշ磬ʩչȫĻҲǲģ
׶Է˼ЦЦ
ɣ
һΣʦֻӿҪը˵
ͽͬߡ˲Ϊ龳۷Ž
ȷûЦ
ǰóȫġ
ͷһָٴε˹
һ£ȸղŸһ˲ʦ͸оض̮һ㣬龳۷еһ־ӿζܲˡ
꣡꣡
ͣЪæΪգ۹صʥվڣžѹ˲١
ָһӭ˹
أ
ԷˮӿҪڵľ飬Ǵݻľ˿֮
ٴ˳ʮѪڣڴŴɫֽͬǲš
ǵǿ֮һѹΪܹͬʤģҲָԷֻѧϰӣһ󼶱޷ֵ
ֲ̫˰ɣ
Ѳɣϣһѧͻᣬһ;Լĳ
ɣ
ͣЦЦ
ǡ
ǿסе𺳣ʦ³һ˫۷ŹĿ˹ȻûʦԸΪʦ
ԷðѧҲ˵£֮ǰΪȻۼ츳ĻȣҲͲס
ҪѧԺҲӻԻͣﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ


1522 ʦ
Ϊʦ
ֻҪӦʦ׷żҡԭ⡭ҶܰʦЦŵͷ
ƾ棬żҡԭûӢԷʥӵʦܲȥ˵ӦҲ̫ԴЩѫǰΣ֣ӣʵӦÿɻ⡣
㲻Щأʦ̫ϳϵݣյӣŹģ֪٣ڶԿˣزܾ
ӣȻϲãϿʦ֮ʱͼҡҡͷлʦ񰮡ʱûаʦĴ㣡
ʦϵȺʣȻγɣڿʦͽδͬ⣬οǰλ
ţ
ʦһ£ǲţι̣似жص⣬ҪҪʦԼʽѸģʦãУһõʦ۵λԺ£кܴ洦ңʦ̤ǣѾûǰ˵·ҪԼûʦָ㣬;ּ鷳
ûǰ˵·ɻĿ
ھʦ£ΪûﵽûﵽκϢδﵽΪôͻƣ˵һͷˮ
ǰʦ½۷壬Ϊľﵽ͹ʸ񣬸ҪҪӵжصĽܹڽ˷棬ӵмߵĽʦµнࡢʩ̡ѧᣬ˲롢ȫԼѧ˼صԺкܴɡ
ˣΪ棬ΪľʦҪͻʥأʵﵽ־磬һһѣңҪСıֻҪԽԽԶʵ̫ѣ
ʦҡͷ
ΪУȻף
֪Էĺ⣬û취ֻͣǰһԷǰʦ뿴
˵ָһ㣬һָ⻺ʶͬʱڣһϢͷţǰƶ
ʦɻ󣬸ܵϢͫһæӿҪɳۿָͣзˣ㡢ǡ
ţ
ͷ˵
⡭ѹ֣
³һʦһŻָɾòš
ѹһֱ룬ԷԸ⣬ζû뵽Ȼʦ
ϿɣҲ֮ͽλȿʦ˵ʦҪΪӣδػӦ
̫ףһϢȻΧɱԣֻðѧڸʵδͬ⣬£
ףȭ
ðԷʱ򣬲֪ڣȻڤڤ֮⣬΢޸һ˵Ҳ޷
αװԷҲ˸ݡ
⡢ҵң
æͷʦɫûָ
ʦðѧ˵ĸ֣֮ǰ붼ȥ룡
Ҳԣʦ˭
˺ôһᣬŻ
ѹǰλܹ˶ٶ׽ٶһݺᣬż֪٣˵ȵϵģʮ֮һܱϵĶëǡ
˵λ״Уʾǰλȣʲô㲻ϣһΡ
ʦʦǣ̫󣬻ؿƿ
׹ȭ
ģ£һй¶ʦ˵ͷ
ʦǣʵ̫ˣһȻ޴䶯ʦãΪ֮ը
֪Ϣ㳲壬ǰΣƿء
л
֪ԶԷݣֻҪӦ϶⴫ٴαȭ
ÿҲʦְ𡭡
ʦĿʦȻûʸΪѧй¶ʦûдеĻʦǱ߽Ƚ鷳
鷳ü
ǰλʦõһ̫ϳϣʲô»һ仰£鷳ʲô
ʦýӴĶˣҲˣڵʦãѾǰʦˣ
ҡҡͷʦ̾Ϣ
գ۾
ʦýĳǣ壬Ϊս飬ȥܣȥʡʦ֮棬Ҳȷģ˶ԣӵȨ̫ã
ЦҡҡͷʦĿдͲɣⶫûʲôܵʱˣȻһ԰ڵʦþˣһֱô½İΣͷ­Ѫά֣κˣκܷʦȨƣϧǲ֪νȨģû塭˭֪ʦ˭
ǿַ⣬ʦܲٴˣ


1523 ʦ
⡭
һ£漴ͷ
һ·ʦ٣еģʲôȼǫ񣬺ͰףʦУ˿ȴҲеĸãΪǣ£ûʲô
ʦýĳǺõģʱˣʡ
Ȩ߸ϣȷܸʴ˵ԣʦҲס
Σʦð䲼׷ҲĵѫǾţʦӦȥ͡ǣܹ׽٣׿ûʦеĻһ޴ģץСͻطͶԸ׽ٵֶΡ
ʦҡҡͷһ̾ϢʦܲѾֳ˺ü壬Ա䣬볬ԷѾǰѧˣһõ˷ȻܳԷ֮ѹơʦʦ׳壬ԡ
ԡȷ˵
п
ʦýڣΪнĹȶѾȨɱ˫ۣ˳ԡ
۷ʦƷʱ֮Щһʦ
ǻûȨ˫ۡ
ǰʥֻӵһǧ궼ûܹƣ˴ﵽ۷󣬾ʧȥ˶ȻҪܸõĴˣ˵Щˣ
ʧ䣬ʦϼ
Щ飬Ѿ˹裬һˣܹġ
ʦôѻı׶ˡʦٸ䣬ڶԴⷽ棬ԴκƴǣˣЩУѢ֮أֻҪĲģ˴ţö֮ͳڵľ棡
ͷ
Ȩ˱ʣֻҪԴϣû仯˵ʦɻԻͣδ沨ҡ
ʦʧȥϢ󣬴ʥȻ۷壬ܹͻƣ޷˶ŷ־ͲһˣʦȻܴǣ߳һĵ·ĻԻͣ
п꣬ʦ˷ܵĿ
㣬ƿȫ֣ǰλһ֣ȫͬˡ
ʥ
ü
ʥ֮ϣдʥ𣬲磬ǾأأͻƴʥǹʥҲᡢ̵ﵽľ磬Դӿʦ뿪Ѿ꣬ûܹﵽˣ
ʦͷ
⡭
һ
ԭΪʥֻǶϹʥߵƣû뵽ȻһĴ󼶱
ʦʲô磿
Щ̲סǺĿ
ȻˡӶǹʥλĵһˣʦְҵĴߣ״ﵽ˺־磿кʵ
ʦѾﵽĪľ硭ҵȺ󱲿ԴĦģ
˫̧𣬿֪Զʦ
ʦһ޵Уû֪׶ǿж֪ҲЩȥġ
˵ô࣬ضڵʦãҲӦһЩˣй¶ʦݣǾҪһݣ㣬˲Ҫɣ򣬶̶һʱ䣬ζɹŪô󶯾ˣ
ʦٴο
⡭
Ĭ
Է˵Ĳʦļߣֻ˵ʵǿľ̶ȸߣԽһĹףƷʣһ
־ֳƷ£һȵùͨʦ
δأ
ã츳߰ˣ͸Ʒûκιϵ
ǿʦƶˣͨˣĮ
ˣʦܲͬ᳹ʦҲûеôƽ
ȻǲΪͽģǿԴʦͽҲ˵Զƣҵʦ֣˾ɣʦţҳ棬Ҳ˵ʲôˣȻҲֻǳƺʦҲûʸΪͽġ
ʦԼ뷨˵˳
ʦ֣Ƥһͷ⡭Щ̫ðɡʦܣ
ʦλ磬ʦƽƽ̫ףҶΪʦƺΪʦ֣ѾԽˣ
ʦæ
һ̫ϳϵݣܸܺߣȵϵûʦȣǲ̫ˡ
ƺԷʦ֣ðʦܣѾΥǻ̿ˡ
ͣһ£ֻΪѵĵ˵ͷҲգʦܣ
ʦ֡
ʦ˿ϲá
׷նԷΪѧģȴ˰ʦ֡ˣ˵˷ܡ
ʦ֡ӵʦãض᳹ͳһ彫ԽԽǿӦΣ֣Ҳͺˡ
ˣʦܣ˵д£
ȷ˹ϵ˶ԲߣڼЩ⣬ֵĿ
ղλ᳤˵ˣǰλ滻Ȼ棬պϸѯһ¡
ȷд£ʦ˵ͷ


1524 ϣ
滻ǣʥĵѪʮָӣҲǲѯżҵ˷
ʦŵ
Ѫ
һ
ǰΪﵽʥ𣬾ͿѪһѪҺҲ¸ףʦ͡
⡭
һ
ǵòǵѪľ磬ˣ飬¸
ֻ˲ͬƾãﵽʥ磬ϲ϶ԷҵƬҲ޷ˡ
ƬܸܾӦʮּ򵥰ɣ
ҵѧţȫ飬æָ㿴Ӧô
֪ڲѯʺ˵ʱ
飿
ŮƬ̺ʦɫأȷȫ飡Ҫָѡ
ѣ
ü
֮ǰæˣΪˣ飬ֻҪӼɣλԹھȫ飬һ㶼ûʣ£Ҫ׵죬ؼǡʵ̫СҵķɹĻᣬ΢΢
ʦҡͷ
ķôɷϸ˵һ£ҿܷʵʩ
ԷĻʵ
ԷԳɹԼӵͼݣֻҪ֪ȫƲȱݣȻٴѰȷ·
ҵʵķһٹɡ
ʵܼ򵥣ѰҸ߼ʥ޳Ȼַ滻ϡΪʥ޾ԺûκʹûĵӦ֣ȴҲ̫࣡
ʦ
ʹʥ޾
ü
ǰĸַͬиģ滻һϡ
ʥҲʵĲ𣬾ȻҲͬˣӦòʥ޶԰ɣ
һ£
ѪͲͬʲͬ滻ų⣬ʥ޵ľ˵ϣӦҲǣ⡣
ȻͬʡѧǴʣʵʥ޼ڡԣҲ˵ѣɣ
ʦҡҡͷ
⡭
Ĭ
ʣ඼һѣοʥޣҪҵʵģ
ʦָ˾ͻָˣʵҲͦá
˵ĶԻڶУ΢΢һЦ
ʦһֱʵڲУǾˣûҪǿ
İɣʦ˵ܰκãһܣ
˰֣ٴοɻ
⡭ʦͣһ£֪ѶϢʥ޵ȷңʵѰҲһЩֲ棡
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ǰֲû̫ԣ壬ͬ𵽴澭ãֲֻļͨܵͣһʹãԺĳɾͣͻܵơ
ʦ͡
ֲǧʥҩҲʥûȣͬҲౣҪ߾磬ˡ
⵹ǣǼܸߵֲⶫȷҡţ
пһ֪ǺãͻȻһһĶͷ
գԴռ䣬֮ǿʥض˿滻Чʥ޵ĶҪǿ֪ٱ
ϾʥޣҲģ

뵽⣬һ̳ģæǰʦʦܣ㿴ⶫɷУ
⣿
һ£ʦæȥƬ̺𾪣⡭ʲô
Ȼûϳ⵽Ǻֱ
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͡
ʦһ㶣ԣҼӣ̺꣬ռķ򡭡ͱֳַˣ
⡭
գ۾˲Եʰɣ
ˣȻһֺǿֲӶԶӶԶϾĳͷ׵硭޿ܣ
ʦҡͷ
ʲôˣҾʣɷ澭
ǵʥµģһ־ԼĵȷЩŹ֣˿̣оⶫʱֻ뿴ܲܳɹ
̺ռķ滻ѵƷԹҪⶫΪضһ¥ʥأʥδ֪
ϸоһ£ʦ۾ͣŹ⡣
ǰ̺Ī⣬ЩԿܴɾ壬תضףܹ˵Ϊﵽһֺŵĵز
̫ˡ
滻Чȭͷһ̲ס˿


1525 £
滻ķҿ

⡭
һʦȡһƵ˹
ָһӳԺһ̣üë
ԷķȷܹҲкܴȱݣһǶԷ˵滻ĹʮְԵ۳ɹ񣬶Ԫ
ǰֲһԴͷƥ䣬滻󣬿ҲǾһ
οᴩȫߴһ㣬ıʡ
ʦܣй滻鼮ԽԽãоһ£
ȫ֪꣬ƾ֪ʶʱڣҵʵķ̧ͷ˹
ȻλоãѰҹʦĻ᳤ͷӦûвٹⷽϡ
鼮в٣ʦãѼ˺ü꣬ܶ඼ʵʡ
Цҡҡͷʦǰĵ̶һѹžɵ鼮
Ϊܹо˲֪ô鼮ûһ򱾣Ҳоǧֻ࣬ôˡ
ҿ
Ļ۾ɨ˹ȥ
һ̣ȫԺ
ȷ
еͺ鼮еݣ֮ǰʦķںһγµһķ
æȥܿ죬ٴҡҡͷ
ķȷ֮ǰʦģ˲٣вȱݣ滻ĹУʮΣգŪɻ档
ŵʵ̫
üġ
ྭ̫ӣԷʵɢһԣںͨû̫𣬶̫ǿںϲãǵܾˣܽɱ
ͺͷҪгϼһɻһȲ˵ܲܳɹ̥Ⱦͳܲס
ˣľͼһѵ𣿡
ͻȻԺðһ뷨˲ɵһ㶡
֮ǰ鼮ྭͼΪģ壬ԣرѣɡľͼûκδ
ðɣ
֪ܶĹתʱ򣬶ʮֱŤϣһ͡
᲻ڱྭͼӸľת
ҪڣԸպøŻϡ
뵽⣬޳ɣٴ̧ͷ˹ʦܣ徭ͼʥ޵ҲУ
ͼȷв٣ʥ޵ģ˵ģҶרо
֪ΪҪⶫʦǵ˵ͷһȡһ鼮
оʦʦҲͬоԷֻ˽ǵתܸõƲõĶԸ
л
֪Щʮ󣬶ԷȴɵóǸмĵ˵ͷ۾ٴɨ˹ȥ
ܿ죬Ժгһȫµľͼ
֮ǰȫͬ澭ǰֻͨȫͨ֫Ĳҵľȫʧˡ
⾭ͼȱ٣϶ĸǿ󡭡
۾̲סˡ
ľͼղſˣȱݼ࣬ǰȴûȱݣ쳣
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ȷ˺ü飬³һǰŮ˹Ҫ۳ܶʹ࣬ҪȻһɶԾ£
ʦģ
˵ͷĿг˼ᶨ
ȻʮΣգʦη壬ʲôɺµģ
һѣ
԰æ
ֻһ鼮Ҫ֣ʦæ
ˣһʹ·ַ鷳
ҡͷ
ƳľͼĲͬԷʵǿǸ㲻Щ׳˿󶼲ܳ֡
·
ʦƤһ
λʦ֣ղŻᣬֻоһᣬִ·ˣ
ʦʣȷó
ҿʼˣ
ϥ£üëһһץ

ģӿŰ£֮ǰ޴٣Сʮӣͱϸģ
ͷҲð亹
ҿӵĥԵҲкǿѹƣ뽫ⶫ֪ҪѶ󹦷
ȥ
ָһϸ̴ŵü룬ӡ
ϸСһڣŮ̳˾޴ʹ࣬ȫ㺹ܡ
ľѾѹһΣϸ߽ڣ൱ڽ֮ǰĵطȫͬ˺һΣʹ֪
൱̫죬Ҳֹͣ
ʦ̲סڡ
Ӧһ
öԷ˵Ҳ֪ڣҪһǰ򣬾ûɹ˿¾ˡ
Ҳܰ;ͣ£Ȼ׽ողúõľٴ顣
һΣҲһΣ¾Ҳ޷ˡ
Ȼҵ˷Ʒоǣеʱ䡣


1526 ǿϢ
֨֨
澭ڣ˵ʣҲ˷츲صı仯Ӵմ˿Ϣ
ķȻǲ
ʦͬʹ࣬Ҫ֪òָܻԪͬ˵壬ȴʷ仯˵˲֪ٱ
ٶȱȽҪһҡ
ԷڣҪ²þͼǸḶ́Ҫһʱ䣡
ңм仹ܼϡ
̫ˣ
̲סп
ԴͻƣгһʱģȻҪһʱ䣬Ρ
Է״ӣʱҲֻƽðʧ
ĸпһʦ̲סüëҵһͻ꣬ȫֻҪһ죬Ҳ
Լλʦֿǲ֪ѶȡʵһҪ꣬һ컹֪㣿
ꣿ

Ҫһ϶ͲŪˣȻ취Żָʵ
ܿ죬ȥ
һֱ־߶ȼУҲƣ
ڵľָԽԽ࣬Ϣӣ˵ʺò˷츲صı仯˵֮ǰǸδŵĻǶ䣬Ȼš
Ӿȫָʣϰ
ѧı仯˿
֮ǰţָʲô취ܼԷʣڵӣ滻꾭޷׼ʣɣҲˡ
һ̤㲻ñԭĲɲ֮ӦҲɡ
似
һֱվ󣬽Щʦ۾ԽԽ
ļʶ۹⣬ȻԿķҪ֪ٱܶݣЩⲻˣҪϸ˼ϲס
һսӴˣ㡭ʦȻų
ţ
ڸпһƳ֣ͷһۣüͷ
ôˣ
仯ϼ۾ȴ˹
ֻҪжϼɣ˵֮ģӰ졣
ǡʦֵǸܼңʦæ
ܼң˵ǿôˣ
ü
ʥӵ뿪żûкԷֻҪһﲻ뿪Ӧʮְȫ鷳
֪ð䡭˽ʦܲˣ˭֪֪̫࣬ʧ䣬˲ӣʱ
ʦͣһ£ϵ˵˳
ⲻܣ
۾ķԴڣڼЩ裬ôֲܳӣ»
ǿĹԴڣ㲻ȴҲﵽ˾򼶱𣬴٣ֻҪ;߻ħķաôΪʧ䣬⣿
ʦãϣ̽ʦֹİָЩų˲
ɫһ죬ʦ
ʦЩˣʮǶ⣬Ǻ𾪡
һʮͨĹܼҡˣܽô죬ĹǼٵģ
ټǿ۳ױʦΧסϸѯʣ㲻й¶նԷķҲǺġ
ǰͻͺ׳߻ħ֮
ţӦ
˵ͷɫ࣬Ҫȥˣ߻ûֻͣʦܣ߲ܻҪͷ㽫ǿ۹͸ңҲܵκ˺
ԷʦֻҪ棬ǿ϶£ʦ֣ܲԼҲãοҲȷ߲
򵥣˴ܲģȻҪ𡭡
Цŵ˵ͷʦ漴üֻǣܱ˴ţҾ뿪һΣա
ʮַӣҲܱţڸǰԻһ뿪ֱʣ˶ϲ
ûʲôαװݣ㣬Ӧû֪ʦˣ֪ͨһӦû˸ҹңԣûʲôΣաǿǱȴ󲻵ã

۹˾ʦãαװҪúܣ˵ʦֻչʾ˾ʦݣδչʾʦݣ˻ɡ
ټϣڵľѾָˣʱȫң޸ĺľԸⱻԷн뿪ò
ãҽط׷ӡȥܲҿԳԭĴʱҲ̫
˼һ£֪Է˵Ĳǿϵ󲻵ãʦ˵ͷһץܵĳ׷ӡ˿һ̤ԭķ˹ȥ


1527 
շ˲ԶͻȻһĶͷ
ôѡνʥˣ
νʥһֱԼλʦ֣ӣ֮ǰҲ뵽̽һ£֪Էʦ̫𾪣ֿʼԷַеһʱȻһɶ
ˣһۿλľ̶ȱֻ߲ͣǧ򻯣òѣοԴˡ
ˣˡλʥڱԭҽĸǣԹ鿴Ӧøȷϣ
ҡҡͷǰ
ȻλСҲ֪٣ҪȷϣҪλԹУȻˣûҪ鷳Թɡ
ֲԶ

ʦ뿪˿
˵ʵһֱðԷۼ𣬻ѹģҿԷϳʦݣȻ֣͵ٶ࣬ûκô
ʼɡ
ܰ³һ˫ü
µľͼ̫ףΪ˱鷳ղŶԷڵʱֻ֮ǰͼϵľû漰ı䣬˿뿪û˹˼ɣڲء
ţһľǰûоĵطʹܻʮһҪס
֪ʲôĺɫصĽһ䡣
µľͼ澭ͬЩ³ֵĵطͺûѹɽһ㣬ǿй䣬һֱд̴ʹؼĻһǰӡ
ʹ֪࣬
뾭ЩҲΪˣֻϣԷܹڳܲס
ʦģ
ҧŸһᶨĿ⡣
ɵľڣе˻ָϣͻƵĳ嶯ȻˣҲҪ
Ǿͺá
ģ˿һ£ָ
̣
ӿڶԷγһϼ״ϸߣ֮ӣסҪѨλ٣ЩżϸСӿٶȣԷߡ
¾ͼȻͼݵĳƷдδٴ壬ʲô˭Ҳðա
ѨλٷһֲͻѨڣоȻأ򣬵ȳֱٶ֣ɶˡ

Щδѵĵطȥ߶ȼС
ʦŮʹ
æ̧ͷ漴ܵϼڰҧͣ
ʵ̫ˣҪΪ˿ټʣ˲֪ĥѣһ£Ȼԡ
סطӵоԺķչӦûкܴ
͡
һģ
ŵͷ
Ǿͺá
лӦ˵ܼ֣˿졣
¡
һͻȻڵϢȻ˱仯ɲǼİд׺Ҫ˺顣
Ϣֱ꣬Ԫ񣬶ܲסᱻɷĩ
ǡ˵Ϣ
ͫһ
Ϣ̫Ϥˣ˲еģҲģ³ֻģ³ƺû
ͺ񣬴˿̵ţһ˲ɱߣѪ˻Ҫǿ
ѵΪں˾ͼԵʣ
ɫһ
ʹõ¾ͼںʥ޵ģ˵ģղߵƬûоպôڡ
ֻǾͬû뵽ϢҲᷢ仯
ţоô
Ҳ̲סæʵ
ҡû¡
ŵʮ΢ӣþȫŽ˵
û£ٴ˿ͬʱɻ
˵ľ಻ͬѲɣˣǵβűҪߣ
ˣһӵлʵҸƾãֻҪǱɱɻꡭﵽʥ۷壬ʥҲ޷ģ
㣬ͿԿǵΣָ
Ŵ˿̸ı˾ͼķλϢͻȻϢǲǱĲͬǵҪԭ
ǲܹܵס˵ľͼ
һɹƹȥ᲻øǿ󣬶ҲøƳ
뵽⣬Ҳ̲ס֮ͨᣬƬ̺󣬵õ˺˵Ļش
ˣ˵ľȷĲֻͬһ龭ܻšҲֻˣ֮ǰʦҲɲˡ
⵹ǡ
εҡҡͷ
ȷֻôһ龭ܻȫԼþȫά֡ȱһɣ˵ɸƣҪеͨϣ
˵ȫ飬Ȼڻ̣ʣ˼֮ˣܳܵˣˣҪܣҲ
ȫƹǲˡ
ҡҡͷһϧ
ܺһӵͳǿ츳ԻʦòڣҲڶԷ
ֻϧַ޷ƹ㲻˵ͼȫϣʲôĽŻ᲻úһײС߱ɱûõǰǲҪ

֪ϣòҲûͣڼ룬ںϢԽԽŨ֮ʱһ쳹ķݶЩζ

˻
滰ķӡ̱һǿ˺


1528 ˭Ҷʦϣ
ţ
̧ͷȥ漴żҴ޺ۺͱԭڿУĿ磬ɢǿϢղŵĹһλʩչ
ʦµķӡֵһʥز⣬λĶǿǰɲһ
Ȼαװ˵ϢðҶ
Цһ޺۴ӿһ̤䣬Ŵе꣬ߣ㻹кλ˵
УۻѹȶƺҪ涼ɷĩ׵壬ֻȫֱά֡
ͻƵʥض龳ɲǰλϵĶ֡
ԷʵȻ̤Ĵʥ𣬷Ҳڳվ׽УֻƤˣû˵
޻˵ɷʱʱ䣬ҪҪ
Էȷ֪αװѾûκ壬һ䶯ָ˱ģ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ڹؼڣжϣ˭֪ᷢʲô
꾭żҡԭʥӵìܣһҲ١
ʱʱΣ
Цֱһ޺кλҲɣ֮ǰҵĻ㱨ɣӦۿ˰ɣǰⶫɱ¾ϢŨ㲻ˣҲ϶ıΪʦȴ˹ᣬ𣬲ҶʣʦãҲж۰ɣ

ʮλʦ˷˹һǿϢԭĳϣ˿֣һر֮С
Ǿǣ
ͫһһ
ǰֵʦؿڶһžǻ£ټϵһ֪ٴﵽ˾Ǽ
ʮλʦͬʱֻ֡ΪץԼ
ûӰɣ
Ȼżҡԭʥӵֵ鲻С޺ۡͬʱ֣һλʦͺܴˣһðʮ
ʦɶʱôֵǮˣ
òᣬʦܲǿߣ˰ɣ

𾪣һλ߿˹дɻͲ⡣
Զ
ϻ㱨Ϊλͷ۵ļһͷۣʵȺζû뵽ֻжʮңģͨ˵ʵҲ龳ڣû˿֮
Ҫ˵гڵĵطǾôǿߣ治ɫԲһЩͨľʦ

ͷش
¼Ҷδóɹһδʦ¥ɹָޣʾƵҵıѫ׿ֻǣΪʦҪԵΪȣżҡʥӵԭеκһԻٵй͡Ϊʲô
Զ̲ס
ǰλӦһõǰ̣Ϊƫƫͣ
˵ЩʲôòΪʦӰɣ
ûü˵һ޺۾һЦ
ӣǵڣʦͨˣֻҪ˴ͬҪܳͷͬ
Զ
ãλż⵷ңٻ೤ϣ񼫣Ȼ˵ͬҾͲˡˣץסǧˣ
޺۴һӡ

ٴγߡ˸ˣżҵķΣӰζˢˢ˹
żҵǿߣÿʵﵽʥأϣܵĿռ̱ô߶ˡ
ƻʥӵ𱰣ҳϣʥӵҲŹ
ಣ
һȣʥӵĴղʦ˹ʮλʥӵǿߣУһ
ΪʥӵѧԱȴֵãݻ٣ǽղʦ˴ˣȻ˿̵ĵߡ
ұԭ˵ǵٹ޿ˡ
Ҳǰһը
Էαװʦšݻٱԭһŭգ޲ֱ˺ˡ
ٹ˵ţñԭ˵ߵڰף
޺ۺղʦˣ̧ͷġ
ģȷûʲôɷϵģ˵ţֱǻ֮
Ǽʵķʧ壬ǵȣڳôıʣ
׾ǱԭȻһң˵ţǺڰ׵ߵſڴƻƣ
һں˵ʦõĿôɢ
뵽⣬Ҳ̲ס̧ͷľʦƤһ̧Ŀ䡣
Ϊʦܲƽûƫ˽ʲôʱҲͱԭһɱԭĴͲˣ


1529 ˭Ҷʦ£

⻰еʦͬʱȡ
ʦܲΪ½۷һƽ壬ȴԷ˵ɺͱԭϣȫȻŭ
Ǿͷ˰ɣѾ㹻ˣ
ҡҡͷϼԵЩ
ѹʦʦܲʧٻȥеȷԽܡ
ΪʦܲҪ̽ԼѧӦúܼ򵥣ԼΪˣȴˡ͸ͱԭֱʧ۷ʦϡ
Ȼ֪ԼԹ־ܣ
Ŀ˹ٹأص㽻
ٹ
ǰһָ
˵ʲôһ㶡
ǰĺһˣһ֪ǸˣȻ˵ǵٹѲɡһｫٹʲôطŪˣ
˲
˵ھʱ䣬Ȼ취ߣһ֣Ƚסٽʣ
޺۴ȡ
ֱӶ֣Ȼһֶμ࣬˭Ҳұ֤ʲô⣡
ȺеҲǳ
ǰλȻʵУ޳裬׽٣ǼΣðˣһһᣬŪʲôǲֶΣôһȺˮͳЦ
˵꣬תȭ
סΪУ֣
Զ˵ͷ
ʦ׷ˣȻҪȽǰλץס˵ڻʲôҪѯʵģƿ˾Ҳ١
ǣ

˵ͷϿ޺ۣϣҲˣְɣ
ã
йâһ޺۴һС

֮ǰߡ˸żҸ֣Χ˹һΧһ޵
ޣ
֪һץסĹ̾ͻᱻжϣɫ࣬һͽ޷˳
̶ԭأ޷Ҳֻͷ޳ˡ
Һ죬ͨҩĺĵڣϵȻãȻ治֪Ǻá
¡
޳̷֣צ͵ǰ˹
˻
Ҳ֪ǿ˶Էϵ󷨵ȱݣ̫ͣһץȥܱĿռ䣬̱˺ѣżǿͬʱˡ
Щǿߣܶϴ½۷壬ʵָʥ۷壬˴ʥͨǿߣκβá
żҺóԺúȹ꣬ȻԸǣ
ϵޣһָſ

һ״ı֣ڿԽԽ

ⶫ¶˾֮ɫŵüæˣҪߣеıǷӡ˿ռ䣬ǰκˣѲ
û뵽Ͻˣ
ǰⶫץסģ
Ʒʥϴϵʵͷ޾ǿҲá
״Ķ£żȫ˿
Ѫʥޣס޾ǿ󣬱ЩѪ۷ʥޣٵġ

ԻУ޵ϣ̱סͣ޷ѡ
ɣ
һץС޺۵ģǱӡһռ䣬ǻŭȴ޼¡
ţ
û뵽Էֱ۾
ڵʵ׽ٵĻ޺ǿ˵˿вûС
ĵƾͷ޳裬ְɣ
ס޺۴һڡ

ղųǿߣٴη˹һͬһ㣬һ˲ͽڡ
־ܰɣ
żһλǿЦһָһ㣬һâü˹ȥһУΪᱻ̴ɢǿѡ
彩ֱ
ڵû취˵ˣӣֻ÷ͺһų
ȻΪɢ޷侭ץС£Ҳ鷳Ūû棬ѾΣ
ųˣ͵ڽ·ʦܲѽˡ
ң飬пѱ磬Ūͼݵ£Ҫع⡣
ˣعع⡭
ԷϾҪǰٵ󲻵ãһҧһ뽫˷ųһӲ֪Զĵط
˭Ҷʦ
¡
ûĹâʧӰ٣һ̣йλżҸ֣̳һĴӿеȥڱǲͣѪ
ʲô
λǿߣû뵽ͻȻֱʣæתͬûӦͬʱӿе䣬һڵϣϳ鴤
£һڣߺιֽȼ٣
ಣಣಣ
Ӱͻأǰϥء


1530 Ұ
ôˣ
˵λµʦת춾壬Ե˫ʦǲʦǰȥ̽飬׶Ρôܹˣ
ҿλϣԴ۹ȹһĶʦ䲢սʦã᲻ΪǷµĶ飿
ֻǸͼĶӦûʸĵһĴǰɣ
ղ˸ߺ˭Ҷʦʲô˼Ѳѧ⼸λʦ

ʶ˲仩Ȼ
˶Ϊڽӣôû뵽ͻȻðλ۷ǰȼݡ
ˣÿһŶô½ʦ֮ͬһ䣬Ķǰߣɴ˿ɼֲ
һУӹҴϳ硭
һΣԶǰ˸նơ
⼸ֱʣ󻤷һΧʦץˣλߣҲȫˣǳ˵֮ǿˣҪ֣ҲҪСģĪɱһǧ˰٣
˼Ƭ̣Զͷ
ڱһ򲻺ãֻɽ֣жΡ֮ڻʦãҲ޷ģΧھȻ뿪ϳܵﵷңȷΧɱûᡣ
ʦģһֱǲأΧ˵׼ɽȲܻԴܵߣǵڣ
Ŀһ
Ǿͺã
Զ˵ͷһӣеʮλʦᣬķɢܿߵ·ȫ
ʦľٶͼǰΣգڡֽ˿ǰꡣ
ǵʦأǶ뿴Ǻ
֮΢΢Щʧ
ǰ꣬ͲΪҲ㲻ϸȻòǶƴȥȣƺࡣ
治֪Ϊλ־
֣ȴûֳˢˢĵϥء
Ѿͷ
û뵽㳲ԼжͬʱЩΡ
ʦʦø룬һ˳ֲҪ鷳ˡ
˹ǵأ
ղˣ뼫ԶȻܹˣôԼˣ
ʦ˵ʦò壬Ҷ֣޳֮ȼݣȥΧʦתתһʦ˵
ֽȭ
תתһʦƤһ
κ̣СһֱŰеĹأ˵ʲôΪ˾Լ»ɵó
󱲸Ҷ
⻰ڶУΧʦûӿеȥһŭȼա
Զ㵱ը
λ춾壬һ˫ʦⲻס˵ͨʦˣҪԳ֣룬ΧʦڵʦֱУѾȣ
˻һ£
Ҳ̲סһȡ
ղŹ˼ݣԸʦ֣龰ΣѾܲôˡ
һʦ˱ץסҲǸ롣
ǣ
ʦͬʱȣ嵱һΣһͶ
˻
ܵĿճۻ·Ҫ涴
ʦܲľʦ֮У㲻ǿȴҲʵʵԽʥصĳǿߣŭʦĽܲסȻݡ
ɱңƾһˣɣ
ԷĹһߣһӭ
ΪһΪĳǿߣڵʵС˫ƶֻԼ̱һεʴƺƤҪա
Ǿ綾
ͫһһһƿģ͵һ
¡
һƿй飬ڵⶫһ߽⡣
ʥˮʦܲȻݳޣ
ɫѿ
ʥˮҽʦרƵһֽⶾʥԽ򶾣һ־ô࣬ĶܵһӰ졣
ԸĵļһȻ׼Ϊã
ʥˮãסڵĹһХλЩ֣һЩ˵ļһȫɱöʦְҵ״Ӵ½ʧ
ã
ʦͬʱ𣬸ֱ㳲

Ľ
ʦ
ʦôʦȻΧֽɫһ䣬æȡ
ã
Ŀģæǰ䣬γһ֣档
䣡
˵ʵǿҲͺͨʦ£ʮλͬʱ֣ټ޺ۡġղʦ־ͳѺۣ³ѪΣ
֣Ұţ
ϳܲס֮ʱҡҡͷ


1531 ʦ
ʮλʦսʵ̫ˣͬʱ֣˵λʦʦ¶ܲס
㰲ţ
ڵһ¡
ôʦǶû취һֻʥصСʲô취
ţ
Ӧһϱ鲻䣬̧ͷˣͬʱһһɨ
⡭
⸱飬˶ü
еһȺǾʦÿһǿ󵽲˼飬ԸҪȫû
İɣ˵ҪҪλ
ֽ
ڶ˵˵ͷ
ǰλӣʮҪ£Իûжֱӽ䵱У
ˣû취ҲֻԷģûкð취ɹǰΣ
ʦô죿
þȫסһֽҲ̲ס˹
ܼ򵥣֣ڣתǰʮָ󵯣ָףСƳĶҺֱӴȥֽǰʮ߲׼õġ졿綾ųҪˣֻҪȥͻЧιųǧ֣ϴŵľ綾༫࣬Ӧʮ֣վԭأȶſ֣Ȼƽʮ֣ʣµҷԸپǲǼȥ
˶
㡭֪ƳĶҺ
һ
ǵһμλʦ֮ǰԱ֤δ棬Ƴľ綾֮ǰոƳ·֡һ˵ָ֪ס
ģιҲ񣬼һ㣺֪ʮ־綾
Ͼ綾ֽ࣬˶֪Ϊĵƣ־綾֮ͷóö֮ǲˣԷһ˵û˿󡭡
ؼǣ䶾ּصģպа֣ƽû˿ϰٶģҲպʮ֡
Ҳ˵Էڵ֪һ
ֻǵһμ棿
Ͷ㣡
ԼԸ꣬˷ǵûסüëһ塣
ǣ
֪˿̲ЩʱٲɣͬʱշԸһ֡
Ȼ֪Ըʲôãֱܹ˵óĹԼ綾˵ȻԼĿġ
ڽת˸ղŵĹ֣͵ǰ಻٣պöʮ
˻
ոͣ£͸еһɾ޴ϮλʦĹȻǰ
ָһƳĶҺ˳ȥ
̣
Һǰһ̳˸ʴ
ãǾ綾
ͫһλʦͬʱˣڴʱǰ˶ʮֽ߲ѽĶ۷ųһºˣպ̤˷Χ֮һմ̷ȼһ㡣
ۣۣ
λʦʱ³ѪҲ˲ֹˢˢϥڵϣ
ʦγɵ󷨣λһͣˣιĶʮ־綾ͷųγһյش˷׷룬ϰ׿⣬һʱȻûٸҽǰ
⡭
ǰΣһ¾ͱʦȭͷһ
ǶԼʵ֪ĺжԷӵʥˮղȥ϶ˣˡ
ڣʦİţܿʥˮĹλʦʧȥսǽһʦŵĺˣҹսȥԿԹҫ鹣Ϊ֮ü
ʦ
Ҳ̲ס˹ǲ˼顣
ԷҪǽеľٶִУΪʲôҪһ㶼ˡ
ղΧһʮλʦλǽʮڣſɵģľʵЩ࣬ʣˣ˶սܹˣڶûг׻ָλ󷨵࣬ܿƶǰʮڵλãպ½λʦа˵ۣͷŶҺ϶ɵ󷨣ֻңͻ⣬ʱ򣬺ιͷž綾Ƶ뿪Ȼɢ
֪Ǻ棬ҲأȻɢǵʵԼӦ䣬ֻҪٴζ֣ͬԿ⣬ؼֽǰĶʮ߲ڣľ綾պܺڣͷô࣬ȻЩʦ治ɫʵȴȫ˶ǵʵ˵Ӱ첻ȴѾͶã٣ʱڣóȻˣ
ţô࣬ʱִ٣ĻȫҲֻˣ
ҡҡͷһ̾Ϣ
ⶼвȫ
һô࡭
ʱ󷨡ֵȫָƣĺ岻Ͷֵʵжûκδ󡭡⡢⡭ղɨһۣģģ
ڵȫһһ㡣


1532 Ҵ
Ϊ߲㣬ڣΪѰʦµĴ䣬½֪ǿʦе̫ϳҲ֡ɴδ˵ֻһۣܽ˵֪ķֺսûκģ
Ѿɹˣ
ţڲҪˣмܣҪ˷֣꣬ͻصҸǰ£ʲôùˡ
漴ָһ
ÿͬʱܵ
Щ㣬û˿綾ֽȻΪҪԽȥ
ʦǿֶξ¶˺޲ûκԵǼ򵥲ܿͲϣ»صǰķԸлʦϥ
ܿеʦڵĶһ˹üͷ
˵ʵողŵ⼸лߵģ˿̷ǵӣͬʱڵϣҪʲô
Ū飬ղǲֻҪ׼ãȻܽȫնɱ
ࡣ
ʦѣⶼˣʲôʸ£Կˣ
һλʦ̲סȡ
˵ʵʦܲ˵Ȼ죬ȴҲֻǽѢ֮أΪֻҪǳֵ֣ɽѹζû뵽Է֪ʲôķһн֣˴
ĲöҸ˾ҽʦƽʱҲƳٽⶾҩΪλȷ棡
һȣһλʦ˳һһöⶾʺҲԶͬ⣬˷˹ڿУһ¡
ͬ޴ɽ壬Ҫ䵽ͷͻȻ˸ղż˲Χ
˳ϣգ۹塣
Ǿ綾ĻĻԶΣֵȥڣⶾҲֱáûκԣҾޱȣһ뾭̳ࡣ

ɫһ䣬λʦĹû£ɢˡͨһ£ӿе䣬ͷ亹֮ð
ǡ
ɫһ䣬æǰ׳жˡ
֮ǰڱԭʱλαװʦ˶ʧȥսȻҲΪһĹ׻ٻ
ж
˼æȻλ׳ϲͣƺž޴ʹ֮࣬ǰĽⶾ֮࣬û˿ô
⵽ʲô
Զ̲סȻ
׳ϵҽ֪ʮҽʦַ˽ⶾж׺־綾ôǿ
Ҳ֪ͨһģһڣͻɶҺ˷ʤ
ҧ׳һ߲һ߽͡
ͨһѵһΪ⡭
ԶȻתͷԸҲҪóȻԲٶ֣
һΪһľ綾ƽʱֻͨƷ޷һö߶̱ɾ綾ʤ
⼸ܲľ綾óȻȥĻ׳ֱʣҪǰԲ߲С
ֶȻҲܺû⣬֮ǰҰ
ָһ㣬һ׳ڡ
ڱԭйֶ֪ķٴ֪Ȼʹ࣬ȴ˲
Ȼİ£ӣ綾ͳ׽ʦҲһʱ䲻Ҽǰ
Ȼ˽ˣ֪ж˭е£״
ҵǲþ綾ĵط⵽ʲôҩֻܸɿţûκΰ취
ģֻҪΧҲӲҲʱЧԣҲţܹһֱ
˶û˽ȴҲ뿪
ʦȻҲöң
ʮλʦͬһλ޲ߣֽٴοǰ꣬ͺȻ
ǶöĴмң֪֡һΪĿֲԷͨЧζ롣
֮ǰһֱλʦֻǶԵЩ飬̶ѣ˿̲ףǰλԶ⣬Զǣֻǿ
ѹֳƺʦĴö֮
ֻҪȵǾͲҹˡ
ʦȻŭȴûֽ̲ס˿
ֻҪӦÿԻڵΣ
ôˣλҵ뿴׺ģǺͷۣ
ܴڰ֮ʱһ漴һӰ֡
Ǹߡ
Ҵϣ
Ⱥв֪˭˳
᳾á
ˣԶ۾ˡ


1533 κ̵
ˣ
Զ˷ܲͬɫһ䡣
ôˣ
ֽɻĿ
᳾ҵĴϣԿռӵм裬ղʦǲõĶԸһ˺ɣҪסܣ
ڽ͡
ô죿
ֽͺιͬʱɫࡣ
ˣĶҲж֢Ľⷨʦµ綾ôʦǰҲףֲ˶ãͻᱻû뵽ô죡
ţֻҪֵһоͻӭж⣬ôûϵҴϻʱ֣
᳾ϳ֣
Զ״ȭ
кѣ
һЦ᳾ץ˹
˻
̸оܵĿռǱһ㣬ղŲõ;綾һи·սĿռ䣬Ҳϵˡ
лˡ
ɽԶĵ˵ͷ
ֶΣһʱ䣬ҲֻҪԷϸ緢Χһ㻷˲ˡ
ɣ
ܵĶﱻռ룬Цһ޺۶Ȼ֡
˵ʱ򣬻ڿУ벻֪ԶһֵʱȻڵ˸ǰſָ͵ѹ£ط·㸲ʱͿռ䣬ˡ
᳾ռ䵽޺۳֣ûʱ˷Ӧ
ס
һȣ˫ϣָⶾֱӭ˹ȥ
ߣ
Ҳ޺ٴһ
꣡
̱ۻѹ˻ȥëס
ۣ
һѪݷڣæȡҩù󣬲΢ЩʱҲܲ˹ؿһ񣬱ķڵأǱסһ㣬޷
ѹżҡҪʱ䡢ռϣȷǿ󵽿¡
ȺǿһֱʧȥսԶ̲סͷ
żҡҵʦܲȣ˲٣ϣǺߣҲҪһ¡
ʣµĲҪͷ޺۳ϳ֣ǽҲ°ɣ
ипԶ
ǣϡ׳Ϻͼλߣͬʱɳ
ղǱĲִ˽࣬ټ϶Ȼͷų֪ľ綾ŵΧ޹ڣоһᣬ˽˲ٶԣٴνûôˡ
أ
գ۹ϵֽιսһ
ʵ̫ˡ
żȴûκΰ취
ķֻܶʱڣþʦͶҹϧֱӱҵλƻˡ
ϸ˵λʦڶλߣʦõĵ̱ȣǲ̫ࡣ
ۣۣ
ʮУֽͺιˣһ޴ڵϣá
ȱæɱλҶʦ֣һĳ룡Զһڡ
λεĶ䲻󣬵˵춾壬ھ£Ҫܱʦõ˳֣϶û˵ס
ңǳȥҲˣ䱻ˣȽ⼸λץס˵ơ
á
ϵͷ뽫ֽڵ˿סͻȻеһΣյϢȻϮŵüæˣûԶɫͻȻһڣڵҲƲסͨһӿеȥ
ôˣ
Զͫһ޺۵Ҳ̲סһ㶡
ҶˣͲͷʦչˡ
漴һţ˾ͿһŮӣ¡
Ͳֻʮ߰ģݣԵĽСܣۺɫ˷ʮ׵ľ룬ֲһУᱻ̸ʴʲôʣ¡
ԶʶȥҪ̽ͬûģͱжϣǹɾ綾׷ٹԪ
Ķ
ɫأüë
ܳΪʦܲĴʵ೤Уϰμ⣬ȻȲЩչز̫ϳϣ½۷ˣ
ʵ̽Ӷδ̫˰ɣ
λεĵ
̲ס
λĻҪʩչȫδܹʤ
ѯʣŮӼ·䡣
㻰ưˣ
һλʦҲ̲סǳ⡣
Ƥһ̧Ůһӡ

λʦɫһ±ڣ˲ס˺һӿе䡣
ԶæץסһöⶾָһЩҲҷϻǾ
һģ벻ôԶжʲô
ˣʦҲ˿̶˵һɫѿ
һѹʮλʦƶˣȥûţ
춾壬ǿ֮һʦɵֵĳǿڣ

˾ηУŮڵϣ˫ϥһ䣬ڵء
ͽκʦܾˣ


1534 ʦ
˲ϦŮѾ׳ɳΪһУʦܲΪ֮ɵۿ΢죬ĵͷḧŶԷ㷢
ڳˣ
۹Զпǧ
һμŮʱ򣬻ڲϻԲѣΪ˾ݣΥ£ֻ졭֪ɺ޷˵ĳʥ޵ɽһȥ޻ء
붾඾ʦæʣ˵ʺ̶̼²Ѿ˷츲صı仯֮ǰ֮ûУڣͶ㣬ʦΪ֮η
أκ飬Ҳο˰ɣ
֨֨
ŮԴ˼ƮɣһڡֽҧŵöҪˡ
ǰλǵĿʦ춾壬ڵڣ˵һҶɣգ۹ͻᱻǿû˸ڿ⣬ԵĻ˵
ƽǼ棬ҪСĹµһﵹãֱԴͷһĳ硭

ŵӣµ쭣ȴֵǵûκηŭı飬лżһ㣬˾
λʦ⴫˵öļգ»дԺɵҲܵλ
׹һԾ衣
Ǹ֮Ļܻ⣬λֱ֪նɱ˿飡
ѧ
˵Ĺʦǿϣ
̳ѧܵ˵ҲһλĶʦѹֶ龳ֵ췭ظżҡʥӵԭκβãĪ⣬аħ˵ö֮
ƿؾ綾͵ƿ˲ȶأǰȻһ½ҪΪ֮꣡
ǰĳʦҲȫȻ
λһûܹ赲һһԴ޵еϢλʦǰɴͬһСŮ
۾ͬʱҲȷһ¡λ϶ӿ£취ƣһ¶Ϊ֮ң
취££ˡٵ
ɫأԶʦ
ŹȻıƸţǺţġֻ
ʦƿش½ֵĳʤΪһЩ飬ɱɶħģ֪٣ˣֻ·ߣһȰʦõĽƺ͹ڶնɱ
ش½곤ʢ˥赲棬޷룬ʦòϺˣһ
ϵͬʱͷ
Ը꣬ԶһӣдȰοζ
һʦ˵ǣ˵ʦӵкĸ飡ֻҪ־ܣżҡԭʥӵҿԱ֤㲻ԺлᣬΪʦһֱĻԼл·λѧҲпܻΪ
춾御ǿ󣬵ʦ꣬ҲֶֻΣ

ֱӱ֤Է޺ۺżæ˹
û˵ͱԶϣ֪˵ЩʲôʦʦõĿǣӦһһĴ𸴣
ǣ
˵вʣǵ˵ͷ
ôҸʮӵʱ俼ǣ
Զٴο
Ǵã
֪ԷЩʲôδã
ֵöȻܴ󣬵û㲻޷أҼȻԱ֤Ҳӣ
Զͷ
⵹ǣԷǵȷҽΣǡҺǣʦûôң
һЦ
żҡԭʥӵ˵ʵˣֻҪʦҲҽԼΣˣƻ»ָٴؽڸһĲ϶ܹõ½⡭
ؼʦá
֮ǰԷܲںԼֻԼǸţ޹ؽҪڶѧȻ˲ȷأΪƿߣԸ⿴ľԼƿز˵ľ档
ԡԷ˵ģʦǼ٣Ŀ볹ƿԼҪֲɿƵıʡ
ΪţʦȻþȫ㲻ܵκ˺ҲõԴ㾡ʵǰǣҪӡϣ
ԶһһƳġ
ʥӵСȴһ֣ʱʱգʧĴ
ۣ֮ʲô
ǵʦʦú´ݵĶʩչֻܶʮ֮һˣȻӦһ⣬ⶫڣƿߡʥ֮£޵У
ḧƣԶһ
̸еŨصѹ궼Ϊ֮


1535 ̸
ָоͺĵƷֻҪͿԻأԪᱻ̻١
ʦܲ
˴ĵһֻƿʮ֮һ壬
ʥ֮£ܵ
ʦʵӧ棡
ܺǿҪʩչֱӴݻ꣬춾壬Ҳֵ˰ɣ
ǰԶ˹
ⶫöԷ֪ʦĵ̺ʵֻ˵˵
ֵˣ
κҪ˵֮ϣҡҡͷ
еƣʥӵĵǿ˲֪ٱҪԵֵ
֪ӡ棬ʲôӰ죿
ʵ
ӰȷһЩģǺôһ֤ԶΥʦԼΣգҲͨ괫ݣ֪ͨʦãٶȵõԮ
Զ
֤ΥʦԼ˵ǩԼˣ

Ӧú޳һҪӡ棬͵ڶԷٲԼˡ
ӡ棬ֻǷֱֹ֣ǿпȥʲô㲻õģԶ֡
ֻ꣬ǷδȻǿΪѡ
ֻҪԷӦڳձ࣬飬ͿԿ
˼²ǿпƣҲܣ
ҡͷ
ӡ棬ܵƣԷʲôʱ󣬾ʲôʱʲô£ͱʲôĺ޳һܹͬ⣿
Է˵ٺãˣҪԸ£Ҳûκΰ취
磬ҪԼϳκ̣ɢʦȥ£׽Լǲ
ܣ
Զɫ֪
ڵ۹˵ԷƿضӵػȻùͷ
Ȼ֪
˵ͷǰŮǸ⣺ʦˡ
ʦñȻϣκ̹ԼҲڽʦõĶ档
ʦﻰѧģʲô۲ۡǶ֣ҲҪ׼
һЦκվһһƬӰǰ
Щˣʦȫڵϣɫںڣһ֪о綾ȻԲѡ
ǡʦõʦ
ȫ˶
˲仩Ȼ
ղŻвԶɫѿ
ŵЩȻʶԱԭΪģԲڣʦõ۷ǿߣٶﵽ˰Ǽ𡭡Щһط绽꣬ǿƥλԳ֣ȫⲻסץ
㵽ʲô
۾Զ俴
ʲôʦͽҲûʲôǡҿԱ֤ҽжʦ̳½ʦõʦһ룡
κ˫ֱ͸¶Ȼ֮
˵ղŻʦߵСŮھִһĴԱʦãҲ˵
޷죬ֱ޷죡
вʦãЩ꣬ûǶĴ󣡡
ĻеʦȫĶ¡
ô½һְҵϰ˸߸ϣɶʱ˸ǰ˵
ʦõÿһˣΪʦԺ󣬾ȡ׼вңв
ǿסŭ⣬Զ俴ʦȻö죬˾̾ҲܵģֻҪģʦûܹҵ꣬ʦΪôǿͬγʦҩ⣬辶һãűϣĪΪһʱ˽ٵ괫еְҵ
ȡ壬ǺðǾԣ˭̲ס
η壬κһЦ͵һӣ֮ǰΧٴƮɢ
һʦûüߣɫһڣֱӿеȥˤڵϲͣŻ¡

޺ۡĵ˿ôֲȫŵ÷׷׺ˣһҿ
춾壬ʵ̫ˣ
Ȼֻܶˡ
ԷͷŶʱһǣŪ˽˼ԶҲ̲סָ͵һ㡣
ˣ
еһһѣεľ޴͵ػƺ㽫κ̵ꡢԪֱɱ
¡¡
ܶڣκüë𣬵ֵ
깥ķʽԸʦʦáʦõƺǿݵĻʦҪ޳ܰɣ
¡
κЩֵסʱһ漴һ޴ĻǣͻأϿգָһ䵽ģͣȴʼ޷ѡ


1536 ͽ·ˣ
ǡ׻ꣿ
׻ʦǱôڣ
ͷ׻˵ԸʦʦáѲɣҲѧ
̳ʦ̳һͷ׻ꣿ
ȫɫһ䣬һȺݶ治ɫľʦ˿ȫһ㡣
̳춾ĶҲͰˣô޴׻꣬ȻҲԳѧļٵģ
Ȼ׻ʦжϾ꣬һץסƵԶ޷֡ʵǿ˻ܿġ
̳ѧԼǿؼһ³
ҷſ
Ҳû뵽һͷ׻ͻأ֣Զɫһ䣬æץ˹
ʦõϺ͵λʧ
˻
˺ѣܳŤ
ܳΪԶʵ޺ǿ٣ȫֻ֣оܵһǰֻʣڵһƬ·ض˲䱻˺ˡ
Ȼ˺أһָйϵĴһУѾܹӰ쵽Ԫ꣬޷ֱαˡ
ʵǿץңЩ
е׻꣬һЦӰ䵭գ۹ʧڿУ·δֹһ㡣
ʧġ׻괩󡿣᳾ͫ
׻괩󣿡޺۲⡣
׻ʣֻҪ㹻ȫƿռд޷赲ȻܺʹһԶ봫ͣ̾ԾҲռ˼ƣ
᳾͡
ƾѪԿռյıڳĸλҪǿ٣ִѶ֪ĺ
ԽҪֿռ籩Կ⣬׻ͻײ٣ܹͻƿռԶʵܼǿҪץסҲûôס

δ䣬ոʧ׻꣬Ѿһʦǰ
¡
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أ
ûӦλʦͱУɶײ
ҿԶ˹֮ǰֳ֪󶯾õʦɢͨˣ򣬲֪Ҫж޹һµײ֮С
㡭תҵ
æ֣ͣԶŭϡ
ɿԷ׻괩ʱ򣬽һҲˣһٽԼͬ飬ˡ
ɣҿǾʦʣܶ࣬һܡ
׻국һЦ
㡭
ȭͷġ֨֨죬ԶҪըѡ
ԷܹĹûκôһٴתƵʦϣ񲻵ڣԼԼ˴ˣ
ܹ׻괩׻ʦͶﵽ˾ǣ׻괫вǶϾ㵽˭ġ
Ҳ̲סʵ
ӵʵһͣôʦãδκϢ
׻Ǳʦ𣬵вδ׶Ͼˣ㻹ҪϢˡ
׻дϷʡ
Ȼʦ׻ʦһΣҲڶΡ
Զǳ⣬͵ڵһ̤
˻
ܵĿռǱһҪ˺ѣ
似ռ䣡
Խռ䲨׽ס󷨶ʧЧ
ղŹѯʣʵȴڻʩչС
ҿ㻹ôߣ
סռ䣬˿Զüëһһģһ㣬ֱǰ׻ʹ˹ȥ
⽣Ũҵɱûǰʵʣ׻꣬ϣҲѡ
⽣֪ܲ׻겢ûлţһЦ޴ζȻС˲úһֱӶĺ档
ˣ
û뵽һȻСȥ⽣ȻϣԶæջ
Ϊյ̫죬ؿʹҲ̲סһѪ˳
Լ֣⣬Ҳɱң
ջ׻һЦٴα֮ǰģ
㡭
Զ۾ؿڲͣĶƺ˶Ҫը
һ겻ҳĶʦһ֪ǰѾʧְҵȻƵл𷢲֮ǰ˸˵š
ӵȻ׻ߣҵ̽ӣԶ޷ƿأҪʱ̷ˣ
һеķŭѹԶٴοû´㾡ͽӴһ̰ɣ
ʦõϣҪ˶ߣҲûκˡ
Է˶Լû취ʵϣĹ޷԰Ρ
ⶫȷЩ֡
׻ЦЦڻܻ㣡
˵꣬ԷһΣڵϣϥһڵء
ͽ·塭ˣ


1537 ·ɱ

ǰ׻꣬ͨ˸ߵͣǸƧкģɼĵ˵ͷ
λȻǽ׻ʦص·壡
նԷʱ򣬳Ĭԣһ仰˵ȴʦô٩˵Ȼ߳˼屻Ӱٲ֮ǰô¼ˡ
ΪԼѧʵߵͣ⣬ڣٵ͵ʵҲհ䡭˵ʵصǣõԸ
Ըˡ
ֻвͣұͻƣŬϵˣĳ۷壬߱ǿߵǱʡ
ϽùҹװƣȥõʦõԴҲ޷Ϊĸ֣ͺǿ
ԼʱõԴҲģǡȴġ
ʦͽҲ˻塭
ʦ·Ǽȭ˹
ҿˡ
ЦЦ
Ϊ˾Լԯλ̫ӣˣ˯ŷ֣ޱȾ޴һѣȻ춯صı仯ԶϷŪӣȻѾںϡ
ҲֻڶʱڣͻңҪϲ֪ٱ
ţ
ʦ΢Ц·⣬һͯڳԵҪõˮ˵ͷæĵƷ𣺡ʦⶫȷȻλһȥǶⲻ
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·ܹʵԶҪǿ׻ѷ֣ټϺ߽оκϣų䲻һٵ֡
һ׼˵Ϊٸһ¶ɡ
Ȼ˶ȥ͵ʦҲûҪˡ
ƺһӴ̸еһĸоӿͷⶫΪ׼һʱ
ô£
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ָԣܲںԼѪҺ͸е޴ѹϮ̧ͷȥͼоʦ֪ʱһܵ󷨣ڿγһ޴Ĺ֡
ʦǵ۹˵Ļ󷨣Ե۹ʦΪĹУʦ׼ˣ
κɫء
󷨣
ţ㲻ôʦΪģþ߶ͲСˣǱ˵ԿҪ߶ˡ
ʦףκ̽͡
ʦͳ½겻ַʵǿֻһҪǣڸضʦ÷ֲЩֲþǲһһĴ󣬾µһֱʣת̷ܹӳԿ
ڣ۹˱ǲʦòµ󷨣ٽôʦתʦѡ
ʦģ׻괩ʦĶǾǿסǣҲûôף
ЦЦ·¶ǿҵš
׻صĴУٲ֮ǰǸ°ɣκһȻɱһУһһԴϣ˲ַ
ǰǵֿѿ⣬ߵĻ»סң
κҲӦһܣڣʱըϯ˷
뿪ҵûĹʦʵڻ̫ߣһӵĻܹģ
λѧţЦЦ
ʵǲѧˣڽ͵ǵϡ߳ͻûס󷨣
ǡ
ɻ
ܹߣΪβӣѵҪűЩΧ£
ڻߣʦ㣬˽ҪͷһˣǰСŪû
ǲ⣬͡
ʦ㣿ģ
ʦҲ⣬ͬʱһ㶡
Űӣ޷ֱòҲ벻ǰɢϢġǵʦ㡣
ǡ⣬ҴܾµľͼųϢ
ǰһָ
ܾ
µľͼ
κ̺·һۣԳһ
£ûҲֻʦŸ
Ȼʦ⣬ǾΣҲ
κֱ̼
ʦΪʦ㣬ôʦû˿η壬Ϊӣкξ壿
һˣ
Ҳʦʦ㣡·Ҳ˵ͷ
ţǵ֪󷨣ҪնɱǣҲûôףȸһоһ˵Դ˽鷳ò
һЦ۾ٴĵ


1538 ʦ
ȻȻӵкʦܽǰ򣬲ܾˡ
ȱݣ
סƣһ

һ鼮Ժ
ʦʥԿʦʥѪɣӵмǿĹȱݣ޷̽
޷̽ôܣ
̲סһ
һ·֪٣ʽɫɫĴʦƣȱݣͼǰû˿ܿԣǰȻ޷̽
ô£
ѵʦҲʣ
һ
ʣʦ޷̽ͼݶԲѯͼݿԿ˵ȱݣҳ©ԼԼ£û̫ôˡ
ˣ˵ͼݣ̽Ҳû⡣
ɿʦѪҺɣͬ̽᲻ʾߣԼһͬʣ
Ӧǵġ
˼һ£漴ס
żλСšСǣʦִҲ֮ˡ
ˣݺأ˺ķѪץɱտʢ
֪ȱݡô
ü
ǰҵȱ㣬ټãȻֶΣͨʥҪһĥϣʱȾĲ
ѪҺ
ָһ㣬һѪҺָɳϡ

ǹ⻬ĺҶѪҺ滬ûκյӣ˼Ȧžણһ˵ϡ
⡭
üëһ
ıֻҪѪҺմϣͻգԼһУԲһοѪҺһ㶼յĶ
Һ׽ȴѪҺ⡭ô
õģоһ׽Ϊʮּ򵥣ô벻ѡ
¡
Ǿᣬٴк̧ͷȥͼܵѾײɣԶˣһ俴ǿŴ׵ĸ
ˣûʱˣͷо
һսָ
ȡöҲʮֹɡ
ָоͺǰ˿ϲŮһԼ죬һʱȴıƿˣΪǰ飬ʵϡֻǸ̥
öھʮ˳ӣյָҲȴ
ǰʦ뽫Ȼ׻ʦڽΪʷ
Զ俴
֮ǰţܲܽλ׽סڶԷˣյ˽ָ֮УȻûصء
ʦõϣټѧһλƿضһλ׻ܡȻԿơ
ΪʷǾͿжˣ
һߣκһץһŶٴɢ֣ͬһ֡
ֻҪ֣ͻմǶʦ⡣
֪ת󣡡
һЦԶеĳٴ

ΧľʦתΣգ۹ܵĽ󷨣һ𣬼Ľ֮ϣۻϢ
ƣ
УâͬһɫƥƿѹռѿһִѺ̵ۣĶ֮һû̫ã˺ѵֽһֳء
ߣ
һŭȣ·ٴαʮ״С޴Ļ壬͵شѿĿռ䣬Ǳ첹·һ㣬ɻǣº£
ûѿĿռ첹ǻʦȻЩֶΣҿֶܼã
һЦԶгѹ
˻
â磬Ųɵֵ
ۣ
·ɫһ죬鲻Խ׹䣬ƺЩֲס
ʵܲʮλʦϴټԶԳ֣ⲻˡ
˺ѣκɫҲ÷۰ףͷϺˮֱð
ʦǿҪֲסˡ
Ҳ̲ס˹
š
ͷ
ӵֵҲûţڵĹ򣬽ϸһ飬ҳ˲ȱݣֻЩȱݣﶼЩ룬ڵ
ҸһطǶ˭취ȥƻܽ󷨡
ͣһ£Ը˵һ룬ͿеĽâͻȻ꣡һ۶һ㣬ɱڵԶϢһϣӿ׹䣬ɫһ죬һѪ
ôˣ
סϢԶתȡ
ڸղţͻȻ˱ʣҪʵǿһ£Ѿ
֪ô¡󷨺ĵʦãͻȻͻȻˣ
һʦ˹촽


1539 ӱ
ʦˣ
ԶһΣ˵ʲô
Ҳ鲻ԽĴס
ʦǽôܣ
Ҫʱ̣
㿪ЦҲİɣ
ʦõĽܵر죬һ㡭
ȫһŵı飬λʦæͣȣţǿ
˵ţԶһָ
˼æתͷ漴ԶһƬ̳ĳ˹ǧҵײ£Ҳʼζ
ҲһȺӣ
һȺצĳˡҪʲô
òǡɣ
ֻ޳δ
оʦȫͷƤը޺ۡ᳾ҲӾһѣû޲
ʥܾܣȺȺܣɴδһȺӣ뻮һܹ
ֱ߸˸й١
˸Щˡ
ǿסؿڵķڣԶüëͣ
տʼʮ𾪣˿Ȼ׹
ƽʱǲᶯģܺһܣЩſڣһåģ϶Ǳˣ
ԣⲻͨķӣǡʦã
ǣʦá۹ʦáǧҶʦáʦáЩ֮ǰȥû뵽Ƕˡ
Ǹģôô죿
ǵ۹˵ĳǽ
ԽԽ˿˽ģüëһſ£ˡ
ȻǷԲڵʦã
Щ˾ηڣһģϵĳ˿ȫſڳʱʱŤ֫Ƿɧ
϶ʦᣬǷʲô裿
ҲͲסԶˡ
˴ģʦãˇNɪʦᣬûеڶ
ʦᣬһܱ
ټ٣˵ʦԣһЩǣôͻȻʦô࣬ң
ʦõĽȽϼ̣֣ͳһ壬һһܣֱѣ֮׳ֻǣʦ³׵ʦã
ǰΪʲô
˵ʦᣬո¼Ϊ᳤ʮᣡ
Ҳ˵ˣӱ֮ǰרףعѲɡλλ᳤Ҫʦö֣̫Բ˰ɣ
ʦӦȫǲ⡣
ʦܹΪ飬ʵǿƷʱܹжһʧȥƻٴαɷ档
ˣְҵһʮƽͣôʦöҳˣ

𾪹Уȳķݣ˸ǰ޴ݶ͵ؾͶһλʦײ˹
㡭
һҪλʦɫʮѿ͵ǰһơ

޴ӡ棬ֱӻ˰ߣһ룬ɲ٣ٴײ˹˶Էһ
ַӣԸʥġصˣأشԸʦʵ̫ˡ
֡ȥֽԲڵʦȫ١
̳裬ԶҲ̲סȡ
ЩʦõĲƲˣҲ¶
һѯʡ˵ȥˡ
򣬿ڽ
һʦһڵķӳУ˳ȥһͷڲש֮Уɫںڡ
ǿ֣ͣɷǲͣ
ȻڹʱɱǣһֱȥһһȺߡʦڣ
֪ЩӱȻ˿ƣȻֻܳҪҵߣʦĸˣܽ
ԶĿ磬ͣܿȥ
ȻЩǱ飬ôһʦڸֻҪҵˣסҲûΣȻͻ

ͻȻ׼˷Զ͵һץ

ûжԶһݾͺ޴ķͿ
㡭
һ飬˫ּæȫޱı
˻
˲ը˺ѳƬܼ䡣

ߡ׷ӳ˹
ÿһͼɱһ㣬Ϊ죬ԴΪۣʱʱӳΣ̣ǽϵʯͷҲ䣬Զʵǿͬʱô෿ӣҲЩæҡ
ʦᣬҪ췴𣿡
Ҳ̲ס쳹۶
ʦãʦУʦصʦףҪɱ֡Ϊʦʦ˿ʦµ£ôͳ췴ˣ
һ漴Ϳ۹˵ĳǽ͵վһŮվ棬ɫĳȹӭ趯ͬһλӡ


1540 ֣
ʦλ᳤ӱ
ǣ֮ǰҾͼȻ츳ȴ˫ֻ˼ʱ䣬ͳɹ
˵ΪʦᡭλҲʦɣ
⡢⡭һѧǶһ׻۷ǿߣһλʦλ᳤
ʦͬʱӣˢˢͷŲ꣬ȫǾκˡ
Ϊʦ֪ѧҲһ׵£ÿһ£ܺһͬﵽʦģ޼
λʥض龳ڣʵɽ©ˮѧȻһСôģ
ؼǣЩѧΪ˾ʦöη壬ϧ࿹⵽׶ĸ
Ҫ֪ʦ½ʦϿɱ壬ʦҲڡһʦӾװ֪֮Ҳû˹
ϾʦǴ½ͳ
ЩˣΪʦʲôضܣֱӳơ
λ״ʲôأ
᳤Ӧ֪˭֣
Զҧġ죬
Ȼ֪ʦɽ˭Ҷʦ֣ƴҵҲᶷף
ŮɫȻ
˵ĲλҲʦ
Զ
Ǽʦ֮Ůͷ
ǸϹӱ
ԭԲڵķݣʦ೤ϣɹŪô󶯾һ𺳡
λӳԣżң˴޺ۣԼʮλϣʥӵղʦˣܵԭٹݻЩ㲻˵ڳɱ˿ħ׻ʦֶõְҵڸʲô˵ıƾ⼸㣬Ȼʦõĵˣﲻˡ
Զȵ
ɱ˿ħãǺǣ
ӱЦһ˵κʦãɱ˿ħʣɱ˭˵
⡭
Զһ㶡
λһư˷һһǿߣЩֻǻԵĻԣ˵ˣûһ
Ҳ˵Էȷûɱһˡ
µж˫
˵·ʦܣãʡʲô£η壬񹲷ߣӱ
Զٴ˵
λ·׻ʦ֣˵ʵ֪ˡ
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ô˵ˣ
ӱһЦʦƽ壬ʲôʱҲܶϣ½ˣ˵ʦ߱ԭٹ㣬֪λٹʲôˣ
ʲôˣԶüǱԭĴ츳ߣ˵ΪѰҴˣ˲֪ٴۡ
ѶٴҲ֪֪λٹ
˫ֱӱʦ㣡
ʦ㣿˼λԭٹҲʦѧ
ͫһԶæתͷԶģɫࣺʵ
ϱʱ򣬱ԭδ˵Щ
λǽڹţðʦ⵷ңݻٱԭٹȴҲʵݱ粵˵ʦ׻֮ĿıȻʦҪΪһ
æ
ĿĲ˵ʦʦ㣬˭ĵӣ

ĵĻﻹûͻȻһȴԶһǹƿնɲǼ䣬Ͷؿڴ˹

ͫһɫһ±òҰףļæˡ
һǹ·˿ռʱ䣬ûǰҪ˴̴ĵʵǿ󣬿Щⲻס

Ʋͣϰٸӡ
һӨĹֳǰͬˮ
ǿķ֮ǽ
꣡
ĳǹͺǽһӴǶһûмֳһͳѺۡ
ҡ
֪ǽȻֵסǹҪ̴ҲҪˣҲͲסһ˻
ߣ
Ҳû뵽ͻأֵĳǹôǿԶһ̤˲һǰгǹ˹ȥ

ǹڿ趯ǹԶĺͷ˹ÿһ¶ԶĽϣײ
⣡
Ʒ飬Զ˺üǺȻ
ǹ֪ӶԶ̴ĵĺǽ󣬻ܽˡǹˣ׶ǿ
ɻά־ãһӰڲԶͦŴƲķ
ǰһǹģһ˫ü˹
ҽʦߡûɣ


1541 ʦѧΪ
սӣʲô˼
ϳԷ˭ԶƤ鲻Խǿסؿڵŭ𣺡ҪסڵһУ˭ģֻҪԸ⣬ʦÿʱһУ
һУ
ת֣ҡҡͷö˵˾ͺã
˵꣬һֱ̤ķȥ
֣սӣʲô̬ȣ
һΣϵǰ棬ŭȼգƺҪը
֮ǰȻжΪʦⶾҩ٣ټʵۻ룬ָһѾж磬ûʲôˡ
ÿ֣Ƥһ̧
Ǻ;ʦ˵̬ȣ
ըŭ嵽ϡ
λѧһһקʦʦ᳤ǹܲˣսʦʦãλ㻹ţֱ
Ҫʲô̬ȣ¹𣿡
֣
¹ãֻ֪ڵʵʦõĹͣҪ֪ͼĪԻǰ̡
ϴȣûͻȻȫëȻը漴һǹֱ˹ϢƺҪԪ񶼽ɷĩ
㡭
ͣЪһǰһ֣ӭǹ⣬һеһۻֱ۳ײƺҪȫ顣
ۣ
֣һѪ˲䱻ĵɶ˻ڿУٴοǹǹˣ˹
ŵһ˫Ƽæӭϡ
꣡꣡
޴£˫ֱӱѾʣеӰͬɵİ򣬱ֱ棬ҳһ޴ĿӶص̳
ˣѵң
ϣ֣˼΢飬֣ǹһա
ϡ
Ҫʲô
û뵽һû˿˼ɣֱӳֽϴɣܵʦȫȻһΧĿҪը
Ҷ֣
ǳ֣ţ̧ͷ­Ҫɱǵսӣû͸ס

ֻǰһܵĿռһŤλߣͻأǰһǿɱ֮һ֪սϸ߳Ѫζ
ˣ
λͬʱеĳγʦǰĿռ䣬ʱһѺۡ
λ⣬ܣսʦúò׳һλսӣһλκ⡭
һ߻һܣ
ˣķˡ
һĻԶֻÿҪըˣһʱؿա
ʦý꣬һͳˣ˾ηδйĸĿŵԡ첻ˣһĸ
ûʲôģˮɸۣʦȷģû˻ᷴ˴ĵ·˶Ƿģ
һЦ֣ΧܵľʦһΣ䵽˵ϣ˫ϥһڵء
ͽ֣ʦ
ɣ
˵ͷ
û뵽²֣ҲˣʵǴﵽ˾Կĵز
ʦ˵ʦ֮ͨΪżҵ˶˸״˵ʦʹ˵ı֪벻ǣ
վ֣Ŀ
Ӧǰɣһ£漴ͷ
Ϊʦûͨ϶żҴйء
ʱΪ˸ȥţ˺˵Ϊ档
ʦãһ˾裬˶ԷĻȴҲпܡ
ʦԿˣһ壬ǲ͹ѫΪһпޣ޴жϵĶȥżңôɣǵһͷЩǹ߻ˣ
һЦ֣ȭʦѧΪ

֪ԼѧƢ𱩣Ϊ˵ͷɱˣѵͺã
ǣ
˵ͷ֣гǹ͵һҵĺ˫ۻһܣ̡·壬żҡʥӵԭ۸ʦǿԸ⣬һʦʦϣ
Ȼ
κǰһ
岻ݴǣ
·Ҳǰ
Ǿͺá
һЦ֣Ƥһ̧޺ۣʦ֣˵׷Χɱʦ֮𣬲죬֣ʦսɸҽӣ

˵곤ǹٴһռһܶҪ顣
Ҫսң
û뵽ʮĺӣֱӶս޺ǳ˳飬ȭͷһá
¡
δ䣬ͻȻһٵķ޺ۼæ̧ͷ漴һֵӰֱ
꣡
عǱҶ˺üֵûУͱһƨ˵棬ֻʣ°ԴݵһأڴѪ
λʦ֡ʦܣҪԣôҲңҶˡ
ƨɵˣһЦ¶ѩ׵ݡ


1542 
ոպã
޷ֱ޺ۣ֣΢΢һЦ
ɿԬεʵԶλϵĶ֣λʦܣ׵ĸ߿ձֱ׹䣬ؼϷеٶȣѾ޺۱Ϣǣû뵽дĹַ
һУȻûҲ˵ĶʱԶˡ
żҴϣ۷ǿ֮һѪûüʩչͱһƨ棬ȥһ衣
Ǿͺã
ԬƨɣվƺŷӦ޺۳ϣô
㡭ۣ
һһƨɲ㽫Լװô޹޺ٴһѪֻؿڷƣһûڵ
޺۳ϣԬҺżãǾˮˮôﲻȥҪƨ棿ƨɺöûϴˣ֮ǰһ˲ûҵֽ棬⡢಻˼Ұˡ
Ԭţֱץס˴ϵԴܲһĴӵ°˳
ۣ
оӿ챻קϣٴ³Ѫǿҵ趼Ҫըˡ
żҳ˼۷ƶˣһʮ裬ֱ޷ܣ
ĿҪըתúýѵԷһ٣Ա裬ͼǰһΪѵĿԶʦϵƺأҼǵʦһŹ˷֪ɷңҺøơ
ŹƷ
Ƥһ飬޺۲ûˡ
һƨѾĲˣҪŹ򡭡˵ã
ԬʦܣǴˣʦǲŹƷŹѱ޷۶ʥޣֻҪŹһ٣ͻԹѱ
Ϳ֣ѵ
ŶǰŹѱ޷ҼǴˣǱǸγĴæûʲôʥҩʦãûкõҩҵ㣡ǶʦҩĴ򽻵ⶫӦúܶ࡭
Ԭ̧ͷԶŮ
в˶ҩ֮󣬿Ա֤ʮڣƾҲͻŵʱһꡭ
κ̵ݹһƿ
лʦˣһǺҩ޺۳ϣҸղ治ǹġϣܡ
ӹƿԬתͷϷãȴλձӵϰγļһѾԶԶӿһץı顣
Ҫˣͷ쭣ˡ
ϧˡôõҩ
ôõ鵤ҩϲԣӵԬεҡҡͷ֣ȻûҺ˭ԣ
㲻óˣŮ˽Ҿǣ
˰֣κü𣬽ŲԶıԭϣĳϣʦʦö׷Ҫս㣬ɸҺһս
㡭
սһһס
λʵճֵʱˣ޵Уʦɱɱʵ֮ܲһȣǲһء
ôˣ
һЦκתͷԶղʦأ
ҡ
Ƥһ飬ղʦһش
ʥسڣϵ˶һأλȣһΡ
Ҫ֣һУӲס
ɣҲ۸ǣԭʥӵи֣һϰɣ
һ˦䣬κ俴
κ㲻Ҫ̫Ҳ̲סķȡ
̫ôΧʦʱ򣬿̫㲻ҲҪ򣬴ҲҪ򣡡
һκ̽ڵһֱ̤ķ˹ȥ˻ûǰɢͬһ
ҪΪ㣬㶾ȻңҲûôס
֪޿ɱܣһȣָ͵ǰһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ܵĿ¶ȽԲʮڶҪһ㡣
֪Էʵǿһû˿飬ֱӽǿĴͷ˳
⻹ӡ
һЦκ˿Էͷŵı֮һǰȥԷٶ׵ĵط͵ǰһץ
¡
һɫˣǰȥĵı֮֮Ӵ׷׺ˣжһ㣬ͣӿ׹䡣
Ķ
ܵˣȫͷƤ顣
ܶĶ޷춾壬Ȼǵֲ֮һ
Щӣˡ
ٴ¶֮ɫ
һΣЩѧ˺ϻŽ½ѰܣڣÿһһܣӵкʦãԶԻˣ
仯֮죬˽ס
Ҳûһġ
ڸпΪʦһĻٶҲֵãüëͻȻһһһƳġ
·Զö
ʱ˷ܵزͣյǹ̡


1543 ׵Ŀʦ
ѪҺմʶӲȥôͻȻ̡üԴɻ
֮ǰ취˰죬ûôŵָУ
ⶫ·ֹԶԸԼģʦõ鲻νƷնҪ黹ҪԼﻵˡìֵܿû취ͽˡ
ӳ֣ܿʦñѹƣ̣ڴ½֪ľ޽ɲǼţͿԿġ
ⶫָһֱûղҸпѧɳͻȻȡ
ϸ䣬һѲɣѪҺǺ͡ʦ¡ʦ硯йأȻˡʹʦϢ᲻ף
ʦϿɣ̺ϢʦҷҪйأϢȻƷ
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뵽㣬ûԥʦϢڹ䡣
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ˡ
ᡣ
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ųʦҲ֪ʦشȻ·ˣԶδţΪֻ֪ҪסԼˣܲˡڣͻȻʧôԷ
֮ǰڵȻСվԽⶫ˼ûˣˡ
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ˣ
һ̴ԭأɲǼ䣬һ޵Ŀռ䡣
ûʱ䡢ûзΧããһƬֻһЦӯӯĿ˹
ʦ
һ
ǰߣƮɣÿʦõ̵λʦʼˣ֮ʦʦ
˿̵ĿʦдźͰһ֮Уô꣬ڵȵˣãµʦ
ʦ
æȭ
ʦҵʦúξѪƶɣֻʦܹ֣˵
ź룬ʦһ⡣
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Ҫƪ۵˵ЩʲôҲ̲סæˣٶּ١
λʦףǼʶüˣÿζ˵껰ʧξ˵ȻԼû˵Ĺˡ
Ŷ
˴æʦ뽲
ģ̥˵㵱Ҳйྭ֪ν
æʵ
̥
ɻĿ˹ʦĿɨһȦ˵ͷȷ̥׽ֻǡ
ֻʲô
ڶڵĶôʦһء
ʲôǲ⡣
̥ͷˣڱѹһ䲻ܶôԷǶڣ
ʲô̥Ȼ֪ϸ˵򣬶㣬ңк棡ɣҸ㣬̥ķ
ʦ
Ը꣡
æȭ
ⶫڲ֪ˣܹҲָʱ̳в
̥ĸ׻̥ʱ˹ڣаѪ߶ɱ̥ΪγɣںϽڵÿһͨҩûκЧҪ׽ֻһ취ǾǡΪʦ󣬻֮٣ܽڣնɻ⡭ȻΣգвͿʯ٣꣬Ϊ˽ⶫҲ˲֪ٴۡ
ʦҡҡͷ
֮١лʦ
æȭ
Ȼʦ׿˵Ǿͱν֮٣ȷãֻҪ֪˽Ͳóˡ
ʵʦһ룬ҲԶˣʮ֮ǰ׾١
ⶫԽԽãڵӦøʮܸڶʮ֮ǰʵǱȺҪõĶ࣡ʦɫصĽ
ţͷ
ⶫǿ϶Ҫٽģε;ʵȡڣʦ
ֻҪɹʣµȻˮɡ
ˣ̥˵꣬˵˵ⶫξѪƶɣ󣬻γˮģһͻᡭ

ʦӰζһ¡
ô
æ
ᡭ

ʦӰҲƲס˲ʧ
¡
Ժһζŷ֣ɶǰϿκɺսʱûзκα仯
ղŵľʱֹͣڷһ㡣
һû˵꣬˶˵ʦ֮ʦôҲôûס
һơ
üˣһﶼ˵һʧʦõĿʦ˾ηĴڣû뵽ȻҲôף
ˡ
̲סĵˮκۼ˹ȥǺ棺˵ҪҪ


1544 ˽ʥ
ղһ£ż˿ʦٴһ£ӦҲû̫Ӱɣ
뵽㣬ûԥ˹ȥ
¡
ָˮһӴһǿžӿڣŴöˮΣۿɼСգ۹ʧӰ١
⡢⡭
ͫһ
˿ֻ̣ȫ¶ƿصף˺ѿռ䡣
ʲôʵ
ȭͷܵڵǲš
ֻʥسڣǸˮʧ˵Ȼͻ˼ޣﵽ˲ĵز
Ȼ֪׶ǿǰĿռƺ飬Ѵ֮
ѵǡ֮ǰԶ˵ģʥ֮£޵У
۾һ
֮ǰԶóר˵ֻҪƿߣʥ֮£޵֡Ϊֻǿŵ˵û뵽ģ
ĵˮκۼӦþǿʦѪҺһ̺ͻӿ壬ʥسڣֱӵ˿񱩵Ϊ
ԼģӦʱơ
һ£ܿ׹
ǿ˼㣬ȴǹඥҲʵˣǺͻǸЩƣ
ʱڿԱǿΪʱƣġһĸɾٴλص֮ǰģûκα仯
ѪҺλᡭ
ͨЩҲ׹ʦʧǰҪ˵Ļ
ӦҪϸͣⶫʹãֻǰѯ̥ѶϢºʱ䲻û˵ʧӰ١
ʵΣֻҪö͵ڻΣӵйʥ֮޵еǿʦƵıȻǿ
ıʵʵݡ
ʵȫġ
֮ǰ޷ǰľ棬ʵʲôżҡԭʥӵʲô
һЦ
ղŻţǰľգ˿ʵ鷳
ȫǣ
Ҫڵľ⡭
˷ܣȴҲ֪ڲǳȥѵ˵ʱٴοǰһŮָԷڻǰС
ʵҲǰҪǿ˲֪ٱǰٶȣӿ˲١
֮ǰҪʱɣڲʮӾͿԡ
˿ٶ룬ӿٶȡ
еսҲ˽ıɫڣȫͣ鴤Ĵӿе䡣
öʵԶκ̵Ķ֣Ҫʦóѱˡ
ûǴĻղʦҲ׷ɱҪ׷ɱҵʦ
ʦκ̣˶ԷӱתͷԶղʦ֣ʦܣκʦõ˶֣۸㡭һʦҪԣӦòܾɣ
ҡ
Ƥղʦȭͷ
֣κ̵ʵԶ˿֮ԣȷֻаķݣɡǰʦ᳤ƿߵʦãҪսҲС
ôҲУھʦǸȻȡʥӵ׷
ӱһ˦ֱۡ
Ǹܣ
ղʦҧݣʥӵսҲ
Ȼ˴壬Ҿͳȫ㡭
û뵽λ˾ӱ˵ϻ͵һС

һʦñֱղʦײ˹
ٶȷɿ죬ХһּǿĳѹȸС
ղʦ͵ӭ
ˣ
ۻӿڿл۳һߡ״Сӡʦöһ
꣡
ݵһ޴ӡղʦҲ͵Ƶ鲻Խĺˡ
ס֡ҵ۹ʦá
һλʦż
ⲻսڴݻǵĽ
ʦڹܲôˡ
֪ʱǼƽЩʱղʦ֪޿ɱܣ͵һݣֱӱ˹ȥ

ҪƽʦΧֻץסʦ򣬹Щʦãܰľûаս
ѵΪֻʵ
ӱһЦ
ʵȻȲ֣κЩӵдģΪʦ᳤õȱӳ֣ѲǰǸŮ
һ͵ǰ
죬ȴļµղʦǰ壬̸еëȻ漴Ϳһ޴Ŀ֪ܲʱϿգһȭļݺ˹
ʦ˿ܣ
ͫһԶ

Ѿˣܾ޴ȭͷۼҪղʦһУʥسǿߣҲҪӱܿܡ
ȭˡ
ǧһ֮ʣһԻ͵Ľâ֪Ӻδֱ˹סܵĹһʵݶ


1545 ʥԼս
Իʹ֮⣬Զ·ʱƣͻأڿǰ
߻۵һ֮£ţ뺣û˿Ч
Ǹ֡
ӱͫһæķ˹ȥ֣еĳǹҲʼƺʱἤ
ڲ֪Զľ룬һâ͵סӱ˿ܵĹʵ±Զֺڽϣʤһ
ٶ⣡
˵ͷӦżҵλСŵĸף˽ʥ
ѧϰԷĽֽ֪İ壬ôԶ룬ýâͻʱǰƵϸҲֻżҵλ˵е˽ʥ
һһֱڣˣҲÿǲʹ˵еһǿ󣡡
΢΢һЦ
ȥһżңλһֱûֹԼԼһ䣬ûû뵽ܹ
Ȼˣպÿ֣˳ѵԷһ٣Ҳ֪ӣȢأǾҪأ

е뷨սǰĿռһӰͻأ֣һһŮĴѰҡӡˡλʥ
ȥһ򣬵õʦĴѶֱӸ˹
峤
ǳ֣޺ۼæ˹ɫǺ졣
ϣôˣ
˽ʥ۾һ
żңųƴ½һ壬ʦãҲ棬ôϣͬͷ˿涼˭ɵģ
λѧǣ
޺һָҧ峤һҪΪżϺڡúôǽΪ½Ц

Ļνʥæ˹ȥ漴̧ͷ鲻Խ
һǣд
æתͷ
Ϊĸףĸоǰһμ꣬ȻŲһĹϵ
żȻѾͼˡʧ̬˽ʥæסԷơ
Ȼ֪ղŷʲôʦôǿ߻֮£ֱλȻӵо˵
ӵҲˣǣֱܹȥףʮΣ
żŪͺܶˣŪ޷ˡ
ҶӣҾϳ񳤴ˣҵĹѪ
֪ɷĹ˼ɣνʥҧ
֪飬ӣҲҶӣ㼤ҺγˣԽʱԽҪţǺӵƨϣиɫ̥ҹһᣬҽڽѯʣֻҪȷϣϣ
սӵƣ˽ʥ
ӣȻʥ뿪ʱֻǸӤǰλǶԷϢͬɳ켣һҲ޴̽顣
ΨһԱϵģ̥ǡ
ֻҪ˻ţǲ仯ġ
ã
֪Է˵νʥ˵ͷ
żҼãԬʦܣǴϴˣһû֣֪ɸһս
λżҼһֹ֣üëǰһ
λѧսʦսӣҲһε֣
˽ʥ֪޺ۼæ͡
ԭ֣սӣĳ˵ֻ֣û뵽Ȼʦѧ
һ£˽ʥȭ
˵ôϻȻǲȡżңʦղλˣûǸ㲻ҲУֻҪǸ£Ծʹ˰֣
ǹڿз֣֮ɫȻĿ
Էǳ֪ĸ֣Ϊսӣӵ޵еζԷ˭˿塣
죬ǹʦǾʹķڷ˭޻˵
ԣҲ޲ɣֻ
˽ʥ΢΢һЦҺʦԼһԣڶûüУȻ棬Ƚ½ˣȶ٣
ʦ֮ʲôԣܱԵģȹأҪսʦ޻˵ˡǹԹԵǸɣ
üëһ壬֣
Ǻǣ˵ĺеѧʦ棬޿ɺǣֻżҵĶԹʦһɣԽķڷΪѧȫ᲻ЩԽ޴֮ӣȥ˶֪֣֣սӣ֪ʦ֪Ҳ˵˸ѧʵƽƽȥҲðɣ
һЦ˽ʥ
⡭
һ֣˵
ֻʦû뵽ôࡣ
Է˵ĲʦʦԼڱʦʵȴ棬˿ʦûʲô£ѧŽѡ
ʦҡ
ЩæתͷȥͼߵһЦ°ɣҵȷλżйսԼȻҪұԣǣ


1546 Ҫָ㣨ϣ
ǣʦʵ
ʦҪȣ֣ż
ʦֻǶ龳ڣǰλżҼôԶʩչܵסӱĿܣ֮ǿԳʥأ
߲ô󣬸ͬһô
ˮΣδ¶ټľ⣬֪ڶ̶̼ڣʦʵѾ˷츲صı仯
ҿѹΪʦֻͬǱȽ۵ˡ
֪Էʲô˽ʥЦЦˣżҵǸҲУ׷֮ǰҲУҪӮˣϣʦ֮ǰԼ
֮ǰԼսżҽǰ˵˼żңΪһλϡ
򵥣
˵ͷȻԣҲ۸㣬ѹΪóǿɣ
ǿ
˽ʥһ㶡
ʵȫʩչԶ׶ԸԷȻʩչȫļٵģ
һûɣ
Զ޺۵Ҳ⡣
ԷʵѾۼʶˣֶڶ࣬ѧǿ⣬ûκοȦ֮˽ʥȫ֡
˵ͷңҾһֻսƶֺ˵ڶֻ֣Ҳ䣡

˽ʥƤһ
ԼսԷһ뿴ǲӣҲܸõĽżĶԹԳ֣ؿԿƣٲˣ
Ͱˣ˿ԡ
㡭
ĿҪըӵĴ˽ʥ鲻Խĳ˳飺Ҳôƨ
ʱ򣬱ƨˡνʥ΢΢һЦ

ͷ˽ʥεĿ˹ãȻҪ󣬹
˵꣬һΣӿ
ŸأӵĴٴ𣺡˶һëԺͱҵĴ
ҡ
һ飬˽ʥû޳
˭˭ˡ
ԷѵѾϵ㣬˵Ųֱԡװ
ʦ
Ʋ֣ͬκ̵ĵԴǵĿ
ӵеĻףʦûֻʵֻж龳ڣλżҼѹΪĻô
ûܻʤ
İɣʦʲôʱûյ̣Ȼ˵϶а취
ԬЦЦ
Ҳǡ
⻰֣˵ͷ
κܶ鲻֪һʼ͸ʦƢԸ֪ĺ
λʦɶʱԹ
ȶģնԲҰܽ֡
ûз֣ʦϢˣ֮ǰһܸоǳڣͬ󺣣ôҲ߼ʡ
ӱͻȻ廰
֣κ̼æȥȻеǰʦͬԭδڵϢȴ֮ǰ˲֪ٱȻˡ
ʦͻˡ
·
Ϊ׻꣬ĸ˵֮ǰʦʵʤڡǿҵѹȸУˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊζʱڻ˾޴ı仯ʦʦʲôȻ
ȻˣǾĿԴʦνѵλżҼ
֣һЦ
ɣ
סӵĽ˽ʥһһģϢ
ҳĻ˵ˣȻѺд裬Ͳýˡ
Ƥһ̧ɫȻ
ýôȣ
˽ʥһΣЩץͷ
ʱȻҲװɻûôװɣ
ֱ˼ޣ
ˣ϶ͷ裬ĿҪˣǶԷ
Ȼȷӣио֮䣬ȻвɷָĹϵ
԰ɡ
֪Էе뷨ָһ֮ðһպ̣߳ɢĺâ
ãҪСġ
ҲֻģƵģһߣ˽ʥһֱڵϵ˹
һֻʮ֮һʮ㣬һ֣ͺ˿ռ䣬һüġ
ӣ㣬㲻Ҳᱻʱ޷ж
Ľ
һЦ
żҼżҽһˣһг֣ʾ˲֮ͬһȣͬһ
Ҳԭزɸ̧ͬһ㡣
磬ɲǼ䴩Խʱ䡢ռľ롣
к˽ʥղŴĽʽһģһֺ֪˵жԹϵΪͬʦֵ໥д衣
ͬһУȴǺӣ˽ʥĽû̵ԷüģͿȱƵ
⡭
ȫһ˽ʥǲ˼飺ôܣ


1547 Ҫָ㣨£
żҽ⣬Ѿ裬ﵽ˲˼ĵزһһԴٶȵİ壬ǰλȻܹˣϣԶʤ
ԤֻҪԷȻƵĽڶԷϣҲûаô
ߣ
֪ǿߣˮľȥһ˰벽ڰջһĹƣĴΪ
жʩչˣ㡭
Уеνʥը
Ҫ˵˽˽ʥģУ˹ͬãɾͣ䲻ǿУҲǿԶȻϣҪæҡ
ų֣Ͷԡʹãˮ
ŵģ
ȥҵţҵĴյд
νʥҧгݡ
ţӦ죡
ǰλżҼһ۾ͿԼĽлԥıУЦЦԭزԽͬԵֵһٴδ˹
͸ղֻͬͬδ̵òüģǼ
ľԶٶȣżҼĳȻͷϣֻҪ˽ʥȻĽâ֮ϡ
Խâķ̶ȣȱնϣδ˵Է
˽ʥƤһ飬ɫء
ΪԷΪߣҪ֣׾Ϳʤζû뵽ʩչȫռ˰ˡ
ǰ꣬Ͳ󣬵һ˫۾ͺǰĽкͶһ㣬ÿһζϵȻһ־ͽĽȫ
ˣؼǡԷͬ
żҽУ˽֣ƽĽС
˼壬̽Ե˶սֵ̽ȻټԷ
һ̽ԵסιһʵͶԽգжߣ
Ҳţ
üëһ֪ܲᱻնٴκ˰벽һ췱ǣ۾ȥ
䷱ǣ
ѽӽ깦ͬ۷ľУɱҪһ
磬ɢ췱ǣЧ˵ľ꣬ҲмԻԡ
һʩչʱ򣬾νʥҲ˿
ʧ˽ʥûκα
ʩչһɲǼ䣬ͺǳ֮УܿյģͬһûʱͿռ֮Ҳ嶫֪дӺδ
ͺ˽ǿգܵǳһСǰٶȶ죬￴䣬ۿûжһ㡣
˿̵ˣ׶죬ԼԶûκθ
ʦ
֣סǹģð亹
ʵһ˵ܹסʦ᲻Σգ
żĿУڵϵˣûƶΣ͸ղûκٴһ˹ȥ

ǳһξ룬ĳһȱݡ
ǳȫʧ
⣡
˽ʥѪٴκߡ˲ǲ˼;
ƵҵĽ䷱ǣ⡭ôܣ
оܲԼ֮ĽȴҲСԷһͨƽ⣬ͺ̫泤ȭ˽ʮһš
Ǻǣ
һЦдָ㽭ɽζ죬֮ͿƵУֻǸˣ򵥵Ϊ򵥣ӵԤı仯ǿǿͺһŽ֪һлָǲҪɱ㡭
Ȼ߿ֽܣΪȻȷȴûԡ򵥵ʩչԣϵȻĽĿ꣬ܿ˵ʤ
ղŵĽ䷱ǣܰ˫񶼻ᱻӱܣҪֵľ񣬱ȻҪйͨý飬ýе©Ҹղõܼ򵥣ȴҵλãһ㣬֮ƣҲȻˡ
ˣĽУսͬ޽¥ã𿴼ĺܾȷ岻ֻҪؼ֮ȡһשͷпܵɷ棡
򵥣δǻ£ʱúˣ𵽲һЧ
˵⣬˹̾Ϣһ峤̫似ˡ
ҡ
˽ʥɫһ졣
Ϊýǿ֮һλӵļһ˵̣ݻЩס
䣬˽С⣬Ѿʮѵˡ
΢΢һЦҪԸ⣬ҿϸָ㽣еȱݣٽһ


1548 ƨǲи̥ǣ
ͣ
еνʥ⻰Ҳ̲ס֦ҲֱûЦĶϹȥ
櫵ĶӣҪӽȻǣ
˵úã
̲ס
һˣڱӡôôˬ죡
⡭
ĺʦżҵĸ֣һ
λżĸǱߵģ
κ̡ӱҲһͷˮԼϹˣ˵̣ôˡ
żҵˣȻһпӣ

ЦĿҪӿеǰһ棬˽ʥѪɫҪѿͶѿ
ҪǺߣ¶ֱըˡ
ŵȺֻڽǿѣһ֣̽Ҫš
ˣ
һ˦䣬˽ʥߵ֣̽ǵȱ˵ɣһһУܵסʤң

˵꣬ҲԷشһߣգٴδ˹
ҡҡͷɲָһٴε˹
εĽУӷһ־ʹ˿ռ䣬â֮ڵѺۡ
ǡ飿
ƾܹգ˺ѿռ䣬ǡԽʥزʩչ
Ƕ龳ôôǿ
еȫɫһ䡣
޺ۡĵˣݷףš
λŪʮǱʵĲֵһӣɶʱôǿˣ
Ҫ֮ǰˣ˵߾ߣ˵ǿ赲ģ
⡢⡭
ԶҲɴ۾
֪λӵʵʦҲ䲼׷
ʵȻ̫ϳϣûʸõġ
ѹ̳ܽôѧ
˿ĭתͷ֣˿ȥͼļѧȫһȻĿƺ֪£ʦ׾ٵĽ
ƺУλӵǿһ
̥һȺ̥
ȭͷԶ¡

𾪵ĿУĽ˽ʥǰҲʾһâʺ

Уνʥһ
˽ʥıУţΣʱʹãû뵽һȻõ˶ӵϡ
һģȥˣͼڵϵ΢΢һЦͻȻڡ
ͣ

ܵĿռǱһԱ˽ʥƥĳ˲ͣԭأǱˮе㡣
ȥ
ٴһȣָĽһ㣬Ḻ̌˽ʥػɫףˡ
㡢㡭һԷգ
۾Բ˽ʥŵЩ¡
һԾͷռ䣬Ƕħյʥ𣬲ģħʦᣬһܹȻɣôܣ
㲻һԷգֻľҵĻｫӰ죬ֹͣת˶ѣ

ʵƹʥ޵УҪʩչħʦʹõһԷգġ
֮öԷͣ£˵һ˿ʦľ̶ȣټʦںʦ֮ģԳ桭һ湦
ʵ㲻УƾڵҲ׾٣Զûǰ𺳡

˼һ£׹˽ʥ۾Ź⣬ٴοǰ꣬ûһŭԽԽ⡣
ӣʱֵö֪ͬ죬ֱʣΪʽûٴﲻǰĻԻ͡
ζû뵽ٴμĻҪǿҪ츳
ˣһҵĶӣҲֶֻΡ
ԽԽ˹һЦ˹ǿĶƽ⣬䣡
䣿
һ㶡
ΪԷֱˣû뵽׾ˡ
¹żңɷ£ǰλĸйۣ̺˲١
ȥӶˣˬϣ
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ˣ϶̲ӣʮָˡ
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䣬żҲⲻ׷Ҫǰ˵Ǹĵһ壬ʱܹ裿
˵ʲô֪ҵľǼľģ
˰֣˽ʥüϻٴοǰ꣬ͣƬ̣ĳɴʦѯ£ܹõش𣡡
ż뽫ĳ˵Ȼ֪޲ԣ޲
ͷ
ʧܣҾܾ޺۵ĻǰλȽзȡ
ġ
ЩΣ˽ʥһŵĿƨϡǲһɫ̥ǣ


1549 Ҷӣ
̥ǣƨϣ
һ㶡
Խϴ֪ٴΣϸ۲ƨϵȷи̥ǣֻ˽֪ǰλε֪
ѲɺԼһҲиͼݣԽ̽飿
̥˶УֲʲôȱݣͼҲ̽鲻οʣ㲻˵̽ˡ
㡭
̲ס˹
գǡʮգʦڣ
ϣ˽ʥѶеļʵ
աǹ¶֪죡֡
ǰСƮ⣬޸ĸ޼ҿɹ飬ֻ֪ڶʮ㣬ʲôʱգ˵
ʵ˵˰ɡ
ǰԽԽԻ˽ʥҲ̲סû㡭ӦʧٵĶӣ
ӣ
һը˵λСţ
λ˽ʥżҼλСŵĸף˵ԼпǶԷĶӣ񲻵˵Լλ
ľȻһҡ
ԹޣλСҪȢأ޲ý䱩һٳζ벻пԼ
ԣרżѪżûκιϵ
æ
֮ǰԼǲżҵˣ˻רžѪҺõĽȴǡûκιϵ
˵ԼĲ׼רȥżҵѪأû˿Ӧּ󶼱żûаëǮϵôͻȻðϵ
Ѫ飬ǣһͷϸ˵㲻ţԺ⣬żѪ㲻ڣĸ׵Ѫκ⣡
˽ʥҡҡͷνʥ֣߼˴֪϶˵ʲôǼæ˹
ô⣿
һ£
ԶԷʵ͵λûҪѣܹһ˵ӵ̥ǣ˵ıȻһĸݣȻԼЦ
Ȼˣһ£Ǽ٣Ҳи
ȻԼǶԷ϶еǣɻ
λʧٵСţӭȢϣûκһ˳¡
ǣҲ޷ԷǸżңκιϸڵʵҡżΣ
ͺˡ
ȻͻȻĸǱŤǰͬǸ¶ֻҪúദӦҲѡ
һѪҺνʥ
ָһ㣬һѪ˳νʥһȡһƣѪҺ棬Ҳָơ
ˣ
ѪҺһ𣬿ںϣһͷųɫĹâҫ۶Ŀ
Ȼ
νʥۿ̺ˣת˹弤زͣǰɡӣҵˡ

ɷ£ƿȥ
ⶫϵãһֲѪⷨӵѪѪҺڲ˵ͷŵɫĹâ
Ҳ˵Է˵ûѪҺҲǰλνʥںϣף
ԼνʥĶӣ
ǸСţ
Ѳɡڤڤ֮⡭˵ʦʵڣ֮Ե֣Ҳעõģ
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֮ǰȻоǣɲȷϣѪҺںϣȷްǡ
żô£
˴֮ǴǼԶ̲ס˹
żңɸΪ񲯣֮ǰ飬ٲ׷⣬Ҳϣʦãżһ棬ȡ׷
˽ʥȭ
ȡ׷⡭
Զǲš
֮ǰżҽͣôⲻ׷ҪԼȡ׷
ʦõ׷Ȼ䲼ȡǡʲôԭ򣬵ô£
̲סʵ
ʦ׷˵䲼Ͱ䲼˵ȡȡĻϺڣ
ҪȡҲкʵɲС
ǴһܣԼµġ
ʦżʧٵλСţղѾѪԣ׼ȷ󣡡
˽ʥ
ʦǡżҵСţ
֣һ
Ǹʦһףһֱڣôһ±żĵĵӣ
λ˵еʥˡСţ
ⲻܣҼѪżûκιϵ
޺۸Ĳ˼飬̲ס
Ҷӣϴ
Է˽ʥһߣ޺ۣΪ峤ϣȻҪ׷ʹɱ֡ԼسԺܳͷɣƵԶ֣
ҡһΣ޺ɫҰס
Է˵ĲȷǰλСţҲ˵ļԼ֡һ㹻֪ٻˣ
ӣ
ɴ۾ԶҲǲš
ûκθļһôһ¾ͳżҵļ
ˣżһɣȡ׷


1550 νʥƢ
ٰ
˽ʥһЦϵ˷Ա
ʧٺĴѰң˲֪پҲĵʮ꣬ԸԳĳǰʵǱҪǿ󣬽̳ѧҲӸλŽ񡭡ˣ򸴺
һ˲Լ˵ˡ
ȻżңѾͽ⣬żҵţȷü׷Ҳܺͽ⣬ȡ׷Ҳʲô
ͣһ£Զ
ˣǺͽˣʦҲȻöԷһۣڡѧ׻ʦܡսʦδԬʦ᳤ԼżҼ
ô
ûʦãʮλʦڴˣҪȥʦûķ飿
˿̣ȻżҪ·ߣҲüá
򵥣
ǺһЦ˽ʥ̧ͷԶģĳϣҲʶˣһд书֪ɷĳһ棬ԺĳȻŰлԭʧ
ⲻʧʧ⣬棡żҵΣұԭĻҵһٹҸѲ졭
ҧ
ԭû˴ʵٹټԪԺΪֻʱ⡣
Ի䣬Ǹܽġ
Ƿŭ˽ʥûļش𣬾һŭ
죬ô㻹ҶӶֲɣһԣŲţھɱԭҶֻǻһ㽨Ҫȥ֤гһʣ£
νʥ
ռӣ˷ܣɷǸԷ飬Ҳ̲סһȡ
֮ǰͦңû׷׷ɱӵ飬û뵽ģôǺ۸ôˣ
νʥʵҲǶ֣ɱұԭˣҲûǡģżǿҲһ죡ҧ
Ҿһˣܰôţ
һȻװӢۣνʥȻŭٹ˲Ϻ˵һУг𣬾Ҫǰλϳ֡
Σ
˱Ƣ˽ʥһæס
ĵʵȻʲôǱԭҪԶ˵ɱˣżңҲ̫ý
ǲˣ۸ӣͷҲˣҪң
νʥüëһ
ҡ˽ʥϣҲ
ãʲô
νʥһ˦䣺ͬ⣬Ǿʹͬ⣬ݺ½ôãԵ·ˣǿȭͷͽ򵽷Ϊֹ
⡭
üë˽ʥ֪ôش
ӵԸ֪ĺΪżҶںüˣģҪ׷ֵ췭ظ
ʦλĸף湻͵ģ
֣һ˿ĭɴ۾
ʦðλĸףȻԵ
ԭҪֱܹȥѹʦԿĻ򣬸ҺˣŪŽйˡ
Ҳüë
֮ǰͻȻðĸĸЩִĸ⸱ģʱôθڣǸˡ
νʥܽ⡭
λڣԶЩ̲סڵ
ˣȻ֪ˣΪʲôôʦΧҶӣǲǾ۸ҲĳҲУһ١ҲҶӳˣ
͵תνʥԶ
ȿȣԡҸղû˵
ԶͷƤը
һνʥ治£ؼ˽ʥϡԶԸ
˽ʥΪżҼܺܿףʶ壬зִ磬ɡȴǸʵʵĳ޿ħҪ۸Ҳͷһ춼ܴ
꣬Ǵʱ򣬾ЩС۾ǵνʥ˽ʥȥûš
ûһʡ͵ĵơ
ǰŮˣֱͰһͱʱ첻µز£ֵʥӵֱѧΪˡ˺ӣƢһЩû뵽ˡ
νʥ֪ʵǿұԭ潫ɱһʣȣΡ
ҧͷ­Ŀдżᶨ
Ϊ˱ԭԽԽǿںںԺĹ᲻Ǻޣ
ǰλʵǿܽɱΣ
λǱԭɷ棬ٹߣ޿ɻ⣡
ǺãҾͿ㵽̡̲
ƢԼνʥ붯֣һ
ʦĸ£Լɡ
¡
ǰǸϼ״ĶȻͷų˵ϢֱҪ˺ѡ
žɣ


1551 ʥӵϣ
١ٹ
ͫһæȥͼϼһѣ֮ǰɢϢĶ˿ͷųı֮ƺʱԽԲɱߡ

һ޳ӰзԽԽߣܻƣڿӿеˮһӴγһѩɵ·£ҫŹâŴ̹ǵı֮
ǡ
һĲͣ
ԭʾܼˣ˺ܴһء
˵Уʣܹشһ㣬ͿԱ춾壬˿й֮
ԭĿʦûҲֻǿѣû뵽ǰλȻˣ
ľ飬Ϊһ
ô£
Ǵʦ㣡
֣ȫȭͷһ˷ܡ

˿
µľͼԷ˾ȻһʵǽȫŵʵҲ˳ͻʥأﵽһָĪľ硣
ɹҲû˷һѪ
ң
ӿʧŮӰǰһѩɵ·ѩŮ
ģ
İݵڵء
ȫֱӳΪĹ涨
ǰٹ⼤ﵽȻ˱ԭȨˣĹ
ܺãȻҾԭµĹ涨
˫ֱŵӽ쿪ʼʦǱԭĶˣκһλӼҪʦ֮ԴԽΥԭ˵ö֮
ǡ

ʦΪ˰ҼʣѪȴͬʦõˣ׷صԭıҷʡûٳ
Уųɣ
ĸΪƻأϹѺ˿̳˹ӵϵȨȻҪ̽˾ȳ
ǣ
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Ű˰֣ſԶԶղҵҲˣҵʦҪ׷͵ںұԭԣ˼
⡭
Զüëһ
û뵽ԭĹҲѧˡ
ԭżҡʦᡢսʦáԬҡÿһǴ½ţͺ䶯һƬ˿ȫһ˵
ղʦ
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ղʦɫһᡣ
ﻢ¡
ʥӵͱԭżұΪµһѧֵĵطϣˣԺк棬ˣ£
ؼǣ˵ЩϽ
׷ʥӵزԭҡԣֻƴһսҲûڣ
ղʦҧĿᶨ
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֪ΪԷżҼͽܸ䣬ͼ̣ʥӵϺڣ
⡭
֪뷨Զ֪ȰΪá
Ϊʥӵѧȴ˳Ϻʹ治׷ʥӵȷ¡
żĶ֣ҵʵȻʲô㲻ϣʦҽˣܳܵסһʥӵʹգ
ղʦշԶ

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ղʦ
ȻʥӵϣʤģҲ޿κΡ
ʹôʧܣ棬Ƕ֣䣬Ҳ档
ã
ͣһ£
ӵйʥ֮޵еҲνӦÿɵס
Ǿͺá
ͬ⣬ղʦָһ㣬һ̳ǰͷųĹâ
ҧָ⣬һѪҺ棬˲ȣһۻǿϢ͵ɢܽѹĳû
ʥӵǿ϶ɵĴ㲻ĵҲС
İɣʵҶǶ֣Ӧû¡
νʥţ˽ʥսơ
ȥ
¡
ղʦĿ£һֱѹûǰռʹѡ
öƣȻһ˲ʩչˣԽʥص


1552 ʥӵ£
úá
ܵ޴ѹɫţһЦָһӭ
˿̣ŵľѾɣҲüڵˣͦñֱǰƣ̷ڣƿռ䣬ǰĶץסͻȻͫһ鲻ԽĽֱ
ˡ
һͺ漴еڵգ۹ˮɢȥ˵ľ·˲䱻ߣһΣˤ
ʦڵȻؼʱ̣ʱޡֱʧˣ
ѵʦ֮ǰ˵ǣõʱֻʮӣ
ǰһڣ޳
֮ǰǸ׵Ŀʦûüϸ˵ʧˣһνˮεʹöãΪʹãܿǰľ棬û뵽ֻж̶̵ʮӣ
ڵʱ򣬵ס׾٣ɡʧƾֻʥسڵʵ»ûͻᱻҳ
¡
Щ뷨ԺһţеƣȻ˸ǰѹ¡
֨֨
ȫ죬ֻԴҪըʱܲס
ֻˡ
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žણ
ڸǰڵأǹ͹һ㣬ͣ
⡭
һ㶣ž˿·Ȼʪ͸
֣еղʦһĻͫһɫ˲ɷףûʩչȴôɪɪֻһֿܣǾǹ˼ݣ߲ҽ̺ȱǿߵɵѵǡôܣǷô
һΡ
ֻһֱֿӳǾĵ
֮ǰȻ֪֣һֱ²Ƿζû뵽ǰλ
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ǿҵĳУҪըˡ
Ȼǵʥӵġڵô
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쳹ܣžȻ
⡭
ղʦ˲ҲԸɣ
ΪʲôҲ
ղʦ󣬹ץ೤ϣһЩ¡
򲻹ԷǶ֣Ҳʥӵɣ
ⲻϵ
֪ԭ򣿡
ղʦ
ǣ֪ԭҾأ
ʥӵ㲻Ƕ֣Ҳˡ
ʥӵ೤ҧһŰ
ǺãҸԭ򡭡
˲ףղʦҡҡͷ𣺡Ϊε
ε
ʲô˼
ȫһ㶡
ûʲô˼ʥϿɵεԣҵĴŻȥ֣ͻԶȡҲҪķԸ
ղʦ
ʥӵ⡭
гȫˡ
ǣһżҼԶҲɵˣǼһĿ
żҼԭʦֶһݡʥӵ
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ҪҪôţ
Ҷӣֳʥӵˣ
νʥ˽ʥ۾Բ
ҵӣͺܾϲˣû뵽λӴľϲһһԤ⣡
⡭ôܣ
һΣֻÿҪˡ


1553 ʦ֣
ǵһμˣʱһαװʦжоٶʦأʦãɿ𣬴ʹץĳ֡
Ϊʦôʦͬʱһڽӣζû뵽Էѧһһһǿ
ѧֻҪҧأͬܶдʵݱ¶żҼ˵ʥӵΨһһȫŮ˵ıԭҲѧš
ôòһᣬʦҲ˰ɡ
תͷȥͼΧˣȫһҲȫǰϢ𾪡
ӣúã
˽ʥЦ
ҶȻ˵㵱꣬ڵ㣬ҲԶԶϲϡ
νʥһЦ⣬Խǰ꣬Խý
ӣСԼʧɢΪܾѣҲ̶ãζû뵽ٴμ棬ȻΪʥӵڵѧǳͣǿƥ
½ϵһһˣ
ţˣӣ㻹ûǾ͸㶩Ż¡
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ǻȥͰ죬ԽԽã᳾ЦһҲ˹ǼλСˣʦӦñǸ
֪
νʥһɻĿ
ֻ˵λСԼϲģ˭Էû˵
⡭
һΣͷµĲˣӦҡ
㣿
νʥ۾һµԲ
ǣЦŵͷ
£˵ʵҲµġ
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ֱӱݣͽԴϲˡ
⡭ɶʱ򹴴һģ˵һ¡
νʥû˸ȣһİģ
ͲøĴ𣿡һЦҡҡͷԺ˵Ҳ޷
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᳾æͷ
֮ǰģСϲˣӰ˺żҵĹϵζû뵽ϲģ֮лԼżСš
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һϣңһҲֻʱ⡣
ȻŹԽԽá
ȻϢһܵż׵ģ֪Ҫж١
Ҵȥڣ󣬾׼ȥ˽ʥͷ
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ǺãҾͻȥǰ׼ˡ
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⡭
֪Էżڣһ£ǵ˵ͷ
ȻǰżҵСţҲûʲôɾġ
οǰλǰĸĸ¹ϣȻֺ룬ʮַĿζ
ţǻߡ
˸뿪һҲ̲ס˳
ôˣ
˽ʥתͷ
ֻǽ⣬ʦõìܻûҧѧλκ̣ôʦǿߣʦӱ᳤ôʦö顭Щδ
ʦҲżҰɣϾʦõϣ
ԶҲ˵ͷ
⡭
ԷҪƤһ£κ̵ˣ̣㽫ЩʦϵĶȫˣӱʦˣЩŻԭأʱܻ㣡
ܻңʲô˼
Զü
ģûܹҲû͵ߡҶףֵ÷зʲôʱָʦݺ˵ɣνʥһڵ
⡭Զ˼
ָܻʦݣΪʦҪʦ¡ʦ磬ΪѧʣðʦѧȻˣʦõĹء
̲סǰ
û˵꣬ͿǰĿռһŤӰͻأ֣һߣʦ
ʦãλðѧˣαװģ
˷ܣæͬû˵꣬ͼʦǰһǰȭʦ֣


1554 ʦõǸϣ
ʦ֣
һΣ׻
ô
ʦʦܲʵǿģǱߵģҪƺһʦ壬ټϱԹʮֿУֻҪ˵ðضᲪȻŭݺܽѵһ١
ζû뵽ֱ֮ӹƺʦ֡
ʦ֣ҡҲһ
ԶҲˤҪˡ
ͽսʦԭʦ᳤ЩҶܽܣԼżҼҲǿϿɡʦƺʦ֣ʲô
ʲôʱʦñߵˣʦˣ
һ񲻱½ʦ
һѪʱԶֻƵĿҪը
Ϊ꣬ţǿ߼ǵһμġ
ܹץסܳͷͷҲȽԷٽ׳İ˵գ۹򣬻Լʦ塢ʦֵˡ
ʮʦ塭ôôλأ

˽ʥνʥҲһۣ˿ĭ
ΪϵĶӣʵǿڿͲ¡ʦʦ֣˷
Ļ񲻱ʦ屲ˣ
˵𾪣ʦǿ˿
Էܺúóû⡣
үΪҲˡ
ǿæǰʹ顣
һֵ࣬̿ʱˡ
ʦ˵ү֮ǰһֱڻУеţ˲˲
ججıʦܲʦָ£߻ħΪɣû뵽ʦֻˡ
εʦ̬ȱ֮ǰͰ˲֪ٱû֮ǰϣֱӸԼˣԭүʦ֡
˲䣬ӹȵٴλصϣ䡭̫̼ˡ
ҪڵλʦãǲǼ˸ٵʦ
Ժú
ƺһ˿ûļ˰֡
ǡǿæͷ
֣ǿȽˣóսʦõ̾ߣúĥתͷ
ǣʦ֣ȭٺһЦ壬ɣ
ǿʱû˸ղŵ˷ܣ޾ɣһɥģ
ʦһˣ
ǿ׵
ﻰΪʦЧͣҵҡʦæͷ

λһ˿ˡνʥλʥٴһѡ

֪Է֪Լʦٸߵں̬ȣʲôҲ˵˸ʾ͵
ʦŷӦһ죬۾ϣǲţ棺ʦֹȻֶΣŶ೤ʱ䣬ԹѾָΪһ
ŵ̽ھȫѣܾΣԼλʦ֣˶̶һʱʱ䣬ָʦȻ˲˼ֶΣ
ĸпҲ˵ղԶʻתͷҲ뻹㣬ǡ
˵ⶫѾԼһʦڣʦŵģԶ㲻ףóȻʦ֮УдţֻӰʦõϣʦʱܡʵ͵λģ
ǡ
Ҷ˵Զֻҡҡͷкһڳϣߣ
ʦڶû뵽ֽء
ţ
˼ͿսʦõΧܡ
սʲô˼
Զתͷ
ûʲô˼ǵǽˣʦ£ûƽ׸ʦ˶ñӣץͨʹɱ֣ҪĿ죬ȻɱˣӰʦݣɱˡߣδ̫˰ɣ
Ƥһ̧֣гǹʳ
ʦ壬ʦõˣҲ˵첻ɣκҲǰһ϶ڡ
ͽ⣬ʦǲ׷ˣΪʦã½ıʣƾףߣôף
ǿɲԼʦһֱܱ˵
ȻʦֻģǾʹǺΪֹȻ۲Ժٷô죿

˵Ļšӱ·ҲٴΧ˹һϢ죬ƺʦò⣬ͽն¡
⡭
Ƥһ󶶶Զ£ȴ˵
ʦܲͳܴ½ɶʱ򣬱Ƴ
ô
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ôǸͨ½ʦã⣬Ʒʯ֮ģ⳥ǧö¾ôˡ
Ԭε


1555 ʦõǸ£
ǧöƷʯ٣
ղŵľʦըʦҲȫŭĿӡ
Ʒʯϡ٣ʦܲһҲõóǧö⡭ֱſڿӡ
٣ôܣǶǽˣ¡
ٺһЦԬתкԬҸλϣսʦõǣǿߣʦ֡ʦãʵòҵǰѴָµˣûҪ·ȻϴʦۣܲƶҲֵǮϾǽģǹģ
㡭
⻰ʦ˲ûιȥ
⻹
غòã
ԶҲͲס̧ͷԶ꣺ʦ˼
ˣ
ͽƤ˰֣ΣԶʦֶҵļͽӳԣЦˣ
ʦֶԶһΡ
ָ֮ģֻЦѣ˵úܶԣһ·䣬հԶἺΪˣΪڣ˵أҲġÿʡʱʦԼδΥʦʦ£ȴǹƻعصԴȥزϣҲ»Ắһֱұʦģ
˫ֱ
㡭ãҵĴԸܳͷڰɣֻҪʦ𣬾ƴǣ
ȻŭգԶҲ֪Է˵ûȭͷ
⳥̸ϣ˿ᰮѧϰУʦͳ£ؼжеؼ˵ĽѾáʦܴӶ龳ʥǰһݣ͸ҹۿȻм

˵һ⳥ûйؼʵݡ
Щſ۳ʵͻͽ
ʦõĹ¹ػܣˣ뻻һ
Զһڡ
ʦ֮½ۣ֮ඥؼûоʺõԣǲ⴫ġ
ο෨̫ûָ㣬޷ɲ˵߻ħʦҪѧϰҪۿǰ˱ʼǣ¼ˣ޿ܣ
̫¹ػܵķҲҪֻҪǿй¶ģԽԽã

ʦȻԴ£н࣬ĺĹҲʲôˣͿԴڵġ
ᴫ
ʦѧǧʮҲ˲ͬķţǸķһ
Լӱ֣ŵ˵ҲͬһʼڵʱҲһֿڣֻݣһϴΡ
⡭
Ҫ̫ܵĹԶһ£˵ͷҲãֻʥغ;صؼ־磬ÿ˵ĵ·ͬѾû˿ɲοķҶʦõҪֻԼУ޷ӡ
⡭˵תͷһ˽ʥ˵ͷӦԲ٣һΣҲã
ʥصؼЩов٣ھͿԸ㣬صҪʦܲٸ㳭¼Զŵ
ţȻʦôӦǵݣԲᷴڣ˵ͷ
λ뽫еʥعȫȡһݸҡ
ͬ⣬ԶҲ˵תͷԸ
ǣ
ʦ׷ȡؼʮλʦҳǧ֮ࡣ
鼮ݹԶһ˦䣺ʦ£ҵĹʧȥ֮󣬾ͻȥ֮λǸ㽻ˣ
Σֳʦ˸ҪϺҪѸ£ȫ鵽Լϡ
˴֮λ϶סˣ䵽ʱָ𣬻ֱӴǵ
ǣ
˵һֶʦ񣬴ת뿪
û뵽ԷȻҪȥ֮λεҡҡͷɻĿԶʦʦܡ
ûǰλ˵ҪԷôԼ˵ˣ
ʦ㲻Ը⽻ӦѾⶫˮΣʧ˰ɣ
ʦ
ţͷ
ǰλ֪Ҳȥ͵鷳
֮ˮΣӵйʥ֮޵еʦǲǾãͶԷ˵˵ʦݣ޹ؽҪˣ
ʦ
Ӧһ漴ɻĿΪʲô
ʦ֮ԲҳϣΪʵ̫ͣϢ󣬽ΧˣֻҪںˮΣӵйʥ֮޵еս˵Ҳûʲôˣ
ֱ˵ԼҲ޹ؽҪΪҪڣ
ʵɣ֮ʣѾʦ½
ʦɫأµĲп֪ʲôһʦϢй¶ͬΣգ
Σգλ֮ʲôʵ
̲סʵ
ʥ֮޵ˣΪλҪģ
ʵﵽˡ
ʦɫأʥ


1556 ½
ʥ
ͫһǲţ˵ʥ޷ͻ𣿡
֮ǰʦ˵ʥͻƣҲԭأ޷ֻ£ѰһԵȻˣλ֮ʣôôǿ
˵ӵйʥ𣬻صĹƣΪߣ
⣬ʦҲɫأͣһ£͵ʦ½ȷʥͻˣ˺ΣȫͬͻƵķʽҲһܲͻƣҲǺλ֮ʣ϶ǽͻƵģ
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ǽͻƣѲɣһǰһʹﵽʥˣ
ڰɣ
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Ϳʦսλ⡢⣬ʦ뿪½˰ɡ
һ
ʦ뿪ʦ½ˣ֮ս֮ʣѲɻܻţ
ƾãټϣҲӵĳЩʱϵ˯꣬Ӧòѣʦһ䣺½ʵҲвͷģ
зˡ
Ϊ߻ˣֻѡζû뵽
Ҳԣ˾ǵͿʦսĴڣͬ
֮ʣλˣֻǿӵлķҲ
λ֮ʣǱ½ӦΪʲôط嵽ʦҲһͷˮԣһСΪáʦųһһ֪ɱڵʵֵס
ʦһĵǡ
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⡭գ۾ԽԽԻˡ
Ȼû취ͻƣôֿУ
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զࡣ
ΪżǿߣҲνʥʹ޺ۣû뵽ӵصܡ
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ģ֪ģ
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û뵽ǰλԼôء
ˣ
֪Էͷͬʱҡ
ҿԵ͵ûôʦ飬˵򣬿⵽֮ʵ죬֪ôġ
ʦܸղ˵λ֮Ϊô£
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䴫˵ǿʦµؼӵͨ쳹ص֮ǰҪѰҵĴйء
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˵ֻд봫ܿ·Уҵ䡭һǰ֪ʲôԭĿռ˶ƺԼԼ¥һĿϢһ½䶯ʦ̷֪ѶϢԴ˻֪ˣ
䣬õȻʵ˵õпܳӡǣػ˼䣬ʱͿ̿ˣ
ʦɫء
ȻǿʦƵıΪβʦñܣҪӡڿ
⡣
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ʦ


1557 ż
ǣʦȻּˣ˵ǰ£ʦôϽٴҲʧȥ֮ǰĳԣ˵ٶֻ࣬ܶˡ
ʦҪУȻȷ˵벻˵޹ؽҪ
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ʦָ㣬ԸԳĺۣؼ壬ڣ㲻֪ɷһͬǰҲ֤ˣ
һᣬ˽ʥǰ
ţҸպҪȥһˣһɣ
ʦͷ
ǺáҲҪȥ˽ʥ˿תͷȥԭʦܲȻٻżҡ
ô鷳żңֱӲø󼴿ɡ
һЦ
ȻˮεʧΪﵽ˶龳ڣʦλʦܣνʥλĸ²óӦòѡ
żҵľλãȥһΣʮϸ㣬ͻ岻
á
˵˲ǰλӵֲôͬʱ˵ͷ
ȽЩѧһ£
ҪȥżңҲûʲôɾģһΣš֣˸ǰ
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Ѷֹе˼ȫˢˢΧ˹һǼ
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ҵ֮û
οԷุĸľΪһһѣѰҵʵĹޡ

ǰһϤףҲɸп
ЩµĺӣڶһԱˣΨһľЩϤգʱۣ˽סꡣ
֣ʵΪνô죿
п䣬Զꡣ
κ̣춾壬ʣΪȻѸٱš·塢ԬͬԭӱЩҲڿķΧʵǿԼͷܡ
λ֣ûκ⣬ù̿࣬棬ô֮Уģ
ԶҪɵ֣
ʦҽʦܲĴҲô죡
ͷ֣Ц

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ʦܲⷨ˵ǵʦµģżҵѪأЩƣǸӸ߽Уһ£һꡭԴ££൱ڶɹʱ䡭
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Ȼ
ѹּ²Ѿ˷츲صı仯ŵ˶׷֮ԭʦֱ
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֪ЩѧľͲᣬûвɢϯǶҵԼĵ·Ҳ̤Լ̣ǽˡ
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Ϊܺʦһʱ䣬û뵽ôҪ롣
ţھȻɣɲȹ̣ⱾؼҸոдģţϸܵľԼԺʵкܴ
֣սʦõԳϵȻܺã̫죬һЩˣиҩȥǿƳɵҩ죬ͿԽΪٴν
ӱʱŵ˲һЩҲû֣ĻĹԼʦĸȫ㣬кܴ
·塭
κ̡
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ǰÿһѧϸһ飬ģÿ˿
ЩѧܶѾһˣǺӣҪչˡ
ʦȻҪȥףپۣ
֣ЦЦʱ׼Ϊʦأ
ʦףΪѧܲڣκҲ΢΢һЦ
ѧʱһǰ
ŵҲͬʱͷ
һ棬εҡҡͷðɣֻҪԸ⣬Ҳ޷ˣԴ뿪֪ȥǶæһ£ǧΣգ
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ã
ȫͷӦһ
ѧĹʦѾʦãϻԭأ֣ҲʦȻ˹ȥ
ȫֿѾ׺ˡ
ذɣ
֪鲻ǺܺãνʥҲ˵ȡż˹
ס죬һżڵλãúô
߶󷨵ĹУΪ㣬ʦ֣ŵɹ

һ˴ԭʧһ̣Ȼż󷨵档


1558 Ϣ
ҡ
磬ͷҳȥҾ̻
޴ķӡǰһŮĵ
Ů㷢ںڣƵգ覣˵ͬӣһ
ǰǸʮҵ꣬Ǳˣ࣡
ʹͷɣұٶȻص壬
ðЩۣҡҡͷѣԼģܶɹӭȢ㣬ɲģʦãзִ磬ϳϣӦòΣգ
Ǿͺá
˵Ů˿ֻҪûΣգһܹɹΣ
ѽ治֪СӸʲôԻ
һģ̲סҡͷ
λӴã֪֪ףЩֶΣʦȻӦûκηİ취ξûΣգ϶ҲҪϴͷ
벻ͨΪζġ
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ʲôãľģֲǲ֪ǣ֮Ҳף϶Ҫ޸żλСţûпܵģ
֪Ȱ裬̾ϢһȻ
öһԽԽʧΪżҡҵľǣʦãǣ䣬Ϊ˵жǨƺ͸ı䡣
֪Ҳ׺һ𣬵ֻҪ֪ƽȫͺˡŮ˫ַ°ͣԭأĵдŨŨꡣ
㡭
Ҫ˵ü䣬ֱ飬ջͣ
СһµòϲˡĲһӵжݿҲǺõġ
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Ϊðˣһٵĺ𣬽һӰҴҵ˹
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ǱˣǵԴǣвλҸ֣
ʱǼɫǵ͸죬ƺ֪ʲôϢڶš
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˵Сӡ֮ǰյļѧڳ˶ʦ᳤սʦԬҼ
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ȷϢ֪лԼλСЩĵġᣬȫһɨգҲ̲ס˳
˻Լܹһٲúˡ
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ȻǸ˻ˣ񻹺ʹԼˣֻҪżң̹֮ף

ף
ȭͷһС覵˲ߵ͸죬˫ĿУȴ¶ŨŨڴҵš


1559 
ԯ۹
Ϊĵ۹Ȼ۹֮Уҫۣ˲ӿչٶȼ졣
̶̰ʱ䣬ȻΪȵ۹е̳ڣˣԶԶ
ŮĪ꣬ϣܣŨصϡ
˵ǰܶ𣿽ô˵ˣ
£ǧʦõľԮʦ͵ںʦԣ¡ò׽ĵ۹ٴδԭΣ
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һ
ͬʷ˵ʦǿԲܣΪ˽⣬ʦΪԯ˲֪ѪԹۣ
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ʲôҲΪԯ۹˸˶ˡ
Ƿɶ˻Ǻ

ˣ
һ㣬ŮĪ͵վʦҪȣҵĵߡʷҵ壬д״Ѹ۹ܹʦݵˣϴʦܲΣҲܱ֤ÿζԣҲܱ֤ģ
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뿪ԴǺɶݾʦΪʦ˿С
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˵λһ֮Կʦõ׷ҡһżҼͽܸǿƥ
һ͵תɴ۾Ǽһı顣
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ܹȥ£Ҳ޶ԡ
꣬Ϊľţִ
Ҳ֪ԼòԣֻҪܹع飬˵ʮ죬ٳʱ䣬Ҳܡ
ǿסľԯҧ
֨ѽ
Щֲסʱ򣬴źȻ󿪣֮ǰӰ峤Ҵ˳

ǰ峤𣬸һöҩ
ҩľԯ̸е֮ǰƣգ۹ʧӰ١
ǡżҩľԯһ
Ϊŵʱּҩûʸãô뿪ôãֱ͵
ľԯҿЩľȻܹʦĶݣֺʶھͬع壬㳤ݣʦҪȥףʹľңȥɣ
峤Цӯӯĵ
ʦĸʦľԯһ¡
ȻʦżҵСţ峤Ц
šʦżҼˣСţ
ľԯڵء
ףΪ峤˼ڡԭֻΪʶʦ
ʦıˡ

ͬһĻͬһ
֮ʦ½һֳ⡣
˶֪һʦ
½֣


1560 û
ˡ
ǰѾϵ๬ͽ˽ʥ΢΢һЦ
ٴǰżҿȥеĸоѾ֮ǰȫͬ
ǰʱһѵλСţżҸɫ֪һԼһֱĵطȻԼļ塭˵ĸп
罫һҲֳô󶯾
֮ǰʱĲ״˽ʥ̲סҡͷ
ҪǰӣϣҲֳˡ
һҲãȻżҵЩˣµһҾͿЩһ£Ҳ֪ҶӱȣʲôţʲôѪٶԴҲһǷͰ
νʥߡ
ӵĻ˽ʥ֪ηֻЦҡҡͷ˵ʲôԡ
˽ʥԴ·һ·ûκ谭ʱ䲻ٴλص֮ǰµĴ
ǰʹ޺۴սٻ˿̣Ҳϣ֮ǰһģһ˿̮ĺۼ
ĸڼڹΣηݣԡżרһȺó԰ʦһ¾ܼʱ޲
ɻ˽ʥһĴ
ԶλĸסҲƻǳһ¡
˵ʵƻ治ǹģֻǻԵɺΰˣĸ׵ĿΪ֮ͬն
ӭӭСŻع飡
һˢˢ̧ͷȥͼѾվˣżҵ೤ϡ
˽ʥ˵ͷʦ˴˽ȥλϡ
ʦݣȻҪõλϣʦܣˡλʥĺ󱲣ֻ档
Ǽʧ˶ʮСţȻͷλһ£׼üƷ̣һ磬ڣȷ峤֮λ
˽ʥһܡ
ȷ峤֮λ
峤˼ǣҪ峤֮λӸСţ
Щ̫˰ɣ
೤ȫһ㶡
СŻع飬峤֮λҪ黹ǡҲδЩִ̫˰ɣ
żңʲô죬żԽԽãԽԽң
ҷԣ
Ⱥһ˳
̧ͷȥ漴Ϳ޺۴Ⱥ˳
˽ʥüëһ塣
سԺܳͷû뵽Ȼ
˵ɣ
һ˽ʥ۾
òҵӣϲãû뵽Żؼңͱ˷ԣΪá
żҼѪ߼ΣȻĶӣСţѪѾⲻûżѪܼ̳м֮λ
ϵ
Ѫⲻס
ûżѪϣô£
ȫһ㶡
Ѫ޳Ϣãֻ֪˲֪顣
޳ϣ˵һ°ɣ
޺۵
ǣ
޳ǰһǰʦʱҾͻСţרŴȥѪؽ˼⣬
ܿ죬Ѫص飬ϸ˵һ顣
⡭
ûżѪżҵ˶ǣôܳΪ

ͣȫͷӶһ𾪺ɻ
꣬СŸճʱѪ嶼Ϊ֮𺳣ȷ峤ݡɶʮѪһ㶼ûˣô峤
Ѫ֮żҵı־żӵܣȻȷϣǾ޿ɷϣʧȥżѪѵ˼Ϊ峤
޺۱ȭⶼΪ˼壬˼
㡭
һ˦ȭͷ˽ʥɫࡣ
Ϊӻɼ̳м֮λôû뵽λϣһɾͽ·µġ
˵Ĳȷй涨Ѫﵽһ׼ʸΪ
ûһѪ㵱ϼҲԲ˳
˵ô죿
ĿҪըǿסŭ˹
ܼ򵥣Ѫﵽ׼
ϵͷ
ҵѪﲻ׼ܵ˽ʥ۾
ԷǹΪѡ
ĿǰѪģûﵽΪı׼У˭ܳɹ
Էǲ
Ѫﲻ˴ﲻѾһλܹﵽ׼ġԶ׼޺Цһһ֣ɣ

һӰ⻺˽
ѪȫϣСţֻǿȫʸ峤
޺۴һУһ֣һ̣Ӱɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ǿѪ
ͫȫһ
âҫ£ǸӦԷڵѪ֮ԶʤԼԽ˲֪٣ͬһȡ
˽ʥҲ鲻Խüͷ
ҲԸӦԷѪԼҪۻö࣬ͬһΡ
Ѫˣϱ׼ȷΪ峤֪˭ԣ
סˣ޺ЦЦһܡ
䣬ǰͻȻڡ

ҪʲôȻСţѪڣѾֲ˵ۼѡ졭
ʱȻ廰޺۴ŭ
û˵꣬ͼǸӰҴǰϥһڵء
ͽžʦ
ӰϿңǱˣž
ţɣ
пһ䣬ָͽԴ̧ͷʲôԶ޺ۣϣղ˵ʲôţû塭


1561 
ۣ
ǰһڣ޺һΣֻʱը
ֻ֪λžʶϵԣζ벻ҲǶԷѧ
սʦúò׳һţԳΪѧò׳һλ춾壬ѧʦһλ¥ɹĳţѧԭһλʣѧԬҳһλϬѪҲѧ
Щˣ
żңųһλѪˣȻҲѧ
½ʵˣΪѧ˰ɣ
ҪҪôţ
⡭
ץ˽ʥҲǳ鴤ûλϵҲѧ

ûشһνʥѾЦ
Կλ޺뱨𡢴ζ벻ѾһλѪļһԼӵѧ
ұһͨѪ֧ӵܣѪϡ似ʸûУʦᴿҵѪʵ
žڵϣ
ᴿѪ
˵֮ǰѪϡСŰᴿѪŴﵽֵز
гȫȻ
ž飬Ҳ֪һЩֻû뵽ѪǱᴿ
ǣžͷ
Ѫܹᴿ
ôģ
˵λСţʵǿѧҲսʦԭʦʦܣܹᴿѪӦҲѰɡ
˵пܡ
žĻ۾ͬʱˡ
ڲҪľѪᴿѪķʵܹͻͽﵽһĵز
յġ
˵ۣش˽ʥ
žԿСţû뵽ԼСšҲͲöԿˡ
⡭
ȷϣǰλžֺ֣һ¶ŨŨĳݣ˽ʥ׵ȷģҲ̲סһЦһĴϣ޺۳ϣ˵ҶѪϡûʸΪ
ҡ
޺۱ɫǺ졣
޺˽Թżҵδ飬Ѻ
һΪһ˽峤ʵֱ񼫣
飬ȥؿս˼ԼĹ

һȻ֮ǰ֧޺۵ģ˿Ҳȫתìͷ
ܹᴿѪ͵ƿģû˻ܾ
λѪĲܰᴿ㹻峤˶Ϊ֮
ˣϴȥ
λڵ޺ۣ˽ʥ˰֣ŻܣҶΪżҼλӦû˰ɣ
СűǼֻȷ֣ѣ
ͬ
೤ͬʱȭ
Ǻãȥ׼ɣУ飬˭⴫һ䣬򣬸ɱ
˲ٷԣ˽ʥĵ˵ͷһ䡣
Ѫһй¶Ȼ½𾪣ɲ鷳
ǣ
೤ϣȥ
Ҳ°ɣЩúѪʵΪϣͿɼ̳м֮λˣ

Ȼھ̳м֮λʵûк֣˱ȼ磬̫СЩԲ˳
ǣʦž˵ͷ˳ȥ
㡭
Ҫ֮λóȥ˽ʥż
һżҼѣʲôҪݣֻΪӭȢСȢţ˭˭
˰֣һν
û
ϣ鷳ԽԽ࣬絽ʱӸžˡ
ɡ
˽ʥҪ˵ͱνʥϣҶӣԺǳɴµˣżҼѣʲôҲûϢļһһֱš
ȿȣ
ĸֿʼ丸ףεĴϣԴɻʵȻǵĶӣѪСţΪλᵽΪѪһ㶼ûˣ
һֱֵġ
żҵǿӹɡ
ΪţʥˣΪԼ䵽ʦöûеĵط
Ѫûˣ
ҪǣΪһʥûаϵ
˵𻰳꣬һϼ죬Ϣֺ룬ȱλʦĵҲ˱ųѪ
ѯʣ˽ʥ̾Ϣһ
ʦԡҵֽ
۾һ
㡭֮ǰ֣Ȼ
˽ʥҵˣҲƳٵڡ
ǽʲô
˽ʥɫһ죺ǲ˵ˡ
ѵ֣ʲôף֡
֣ΪʦижȡģֻԶûô
һνʥһǷŭСŵɣ


1562 ˽ʥ
ۣ
պȽȥһˮֱ˳û޳
ŵɡɣķ

ȡģ
ǰɣΪ֣üû˵˵⣬νʥɷ߷߲ƽ
ֲǲ֪ԽԽҲͼ˵ѣǿȡһģ
˽ʥһЦ
һЩӳ岻ãĻͨȡһЩ֣磺ʣëƤ֮ģԽԽ
ӵ˿Իͣʵ֪ĺֻŪЩ֣ѹˡ
ѣʱתɴҲ͵ˡ
˼˵ھ͸˵˵ȡôʲôνʥߡ
˽ʥͷ˵
ʲôٴο
С˽ʥŰ
ۣ
ٴ³һˮûҭ
֣Ȼûô̫ˡ
Ĳҽˣаʰ˽ʥͷ
ˣˣһ顣
֮ǰһֱνʥǸȡһ֣Ϊϵʲô֣ˡ
ðɣ
ף
ŶͷһԹ
ҿСʱʧˣȻ˴սһŰһ֣ΰ
ǽˣҾͦ
ҡҡͷöԷȡ֣Ȼҳô󣬶ѪǿӦܵܺñǣΪΡ
Ҵȥһ
ѯʣ֪λش𣬹Ƭ̣˽ʥվΣʦǾͱˣ£Һ̸ɣ
ţ
ʦνʥͬʱ˵ͷ
߰ɣ
˽ʥȴ·һǰһһᣬһ
İƣûκιķӡƣǰ˽ʥǽһ

ڻȼգյĵƻͨ
￴ȥǰĲǴһխͨܵ
߽ͨ˽ʥһǰ
滭һߣ˴սսң۶ƺض˺ѡ
һȺûʲôΪİգֻҪЩ˶Ҫٱɱ¾ˡ
żңһ棬ҲżҵĵһλΪŽ񣬴ﵽ˹ʥһΪսʮ߳ÿһľʱ;ƿݣûżҲ棬ҲҪ˴룬˵ʷϣɻرܵĹ
˽ʥͣд𾴡
ͷ
ʷϣӵɸӢûǾûڵİ١
λżҵһ棬֮ǰ˵ţȷǿţܺͿʦ˺ܶ࣬ڴ½ͬǺպĴ
һһɱӪΣնɱȵľʦ¶ʮλ
һΣһһ㵲סԷʱ䣬űסΪ̸
ǵڶͬﵽ˹ʥսССаٳˣʮߴﾡͷʱؿڻ˵һֹǣûڳ
ǵؿߣսʱƱնϣͻʥ޵צ似
ǵĴ

ǵھŴ
ͨǰÿһ̣дһʱķᱮ
ʦ뿪½꣬˽˲֪ٴΣǶ˻ȥʦáսʦãǿ߷żңҲĹѫ˵żҵĵһ壬Ѫɱģǿʵҫ͵õϿɣ
˽ʥ
ȭͷ
֪ʷǰһ񣬿ᵽĲҡ
ЩȱΪķ٣һͷ­Ѫ̫ˡ
ǰżң̵һݣȱȥԸ£΢ʣЩ֪ڴ½ȷ˸ࡣ
һǰܴ䣬ܹͻƹʥൽʱڣ
˽ʥɫأΪܹԿˣú󱲵˰ҵʱһʥԼֶγ˯һս£ͽ֮ѣ˶սȥ󣬼˯Ȼûʲô𣬵Ϊ壬Ըȥ
⡭
ſͣþ޷£
Ȼ֮ǰʦ˵½Щʥط֪ǻɣ鲻Խ
ΪͻƵʥһǾž޵ĶˣֻҪţõĴ׵ԴʲôҪΪܹ壬ֱ˳˯üȥֻΪսƷ£˾


1563 ̥
ֻҪѹսɱˡֻҪܱ壬н𲻶ϣԸ⸶
˽ʥۿҲ΢΢죺Щ˵ػ壬һֱƽȷչ˰ӣٴΪū֪
֪ϣʱһλʥֻٶ꣬һǧԻؼǣպһλʥΪ£֪½޷ֹʥ֮ȻȻʹط˳˯
Ժÿδսܺ˵ϰ仰ĵǣǧǰһδսУĵ±λΧˡΪ˾ȶԷҲȼİˣһˣ
ѡĻһǧңأһҲһӡϧΪֵܹĸһЩУ
һλʥʱŮŸոճŮ츳ߣʥûﵽսˣ˲һˣʱûսλʥһֱ˯ֱŮûһ棡
ٴ֪ŮѾʼʮˣ˰죬һ仰û˵ٴγսϧǣҲȥ޻û
˽ʥȭͷЩһλλΪ帶еȱ鲻ԽĲ
ʥ˯طܹһֱŻǡͬϣƬ̣ʵ
Щ˯طǰ˺ȻܹĸҲŲĥˡ
Ժٴθ϶Ҳǰһˡ
ʥطܹʧģҲ˵ͬڳ˯бϣֻϵһЩѡʵЩط˵ӣʮּ򵥡ǡǳ˯ĵطʱﲻһһЩ
һ꣬ʮ꣡
ֻǡһʮıɻ˥ϣȥڻһǧꡭʱ˯ˣ˿Ҳ֮꣬οԲҵս£ɱ¾֮塭˥ϵĸ죡
˽ʥԡʥȫյ㡭ˣȻɶʱ޷Ʒӡһʧȥ˹ʥ彫ʱḲ𣡡
ͷ
ʥʵϾͺǰԭӵЩƣУ²Ҳ˵̺ʵûУǾ͵ʱ
½첻֪ˣһֱǱҲڵȴʱ
Ͼͱǲ˯Ҳܽ˯ʥ
Ĳ죬û취ֲ
ʮǰʱʱ֣ɧңʱսڵؿߣ洦ʥʣµѾˣ
˽ʥŵżһλʥս
һλżҡмλ˯Ĺʥ
̲סʵ
һλֻսһһȫ߳˯޷ˣֻʣһˣҲżңڶʮμź죡
һλͷ
λʥֻʣһˣżҵȷΪ˺ܴס
ǰʮǰսʮֲңźˣʱ᳹Ϊսֻһ취ǾǣżѪ
˽ʥ˵⣬ϵļһۿʼ죺ʱ˵Ѫʸ񣬴ﲻ׼ֻлĸ̥е㣬ͨ˲ԣ
ң
һΪζԷҪԼˡ
ʱһѪźͻֱһֿ˵ĺܣڶѪˣûΣգʱ
˵ͣϰ죬˽ʥ̾Ϣѡ˵ڶ
⡭
Ĭ
ȷǸѵ⡣
Ƕ˽ʥָкӵĸ˵
ѡһ˹ʥʱḲ𣬸֮£ѣ
嶼ûˣżȻҲͲڡ
ѡڶڽԼûĺӣеѹ֪
ѡڶԼλϵϵȻ˵ףȡֲ̫ףЩš£û˵
һ˱Ѫֻһ·ߣǾҲģҵʦһ˵еطһλʦĸ׵Ķһľ綾öģѪ֤㱻ѪҲһߴ
ʦԳ֣ɹˣź棬ڻȣٴ˳˯ҲʱΪֻô͵˲֪Ĺŵأϣһ죬Ѫܹµ
˵⣬˽ʥǸ⣺ڿɹˣ
ӡǵܣܿˣ


1564 ʵ
ԭˣ
Ȼ
֮ǰɻ󣬴˿ȫȻ
ѹʥ˵ǰ䵽Сط޸ĸʲôûУؼ˶û֪ԭǱѪ
䲻֪Ѫΰ룬϶龭ףʣ˺ǰۻ룬żҸƣԴ񣬿µʱˣֲԼԽ
ţԣ̥£ΪοʦҲ̥
ü
ʦ̥ǸոѯʹģڵʱǿԳΪʥģûҪܲҲƵľɣ
˵ִѪľ綾̬˿ʲôӰ죿
뵽⣬æʵ
ֶʱ滻Ѫ岻ڶʱڱҲмˣʮǰûֱܻزۣ
˽ʥ˵⣬˹ڶʮˣʵǿΪӦѾ˰ɣ
ӵѧǶ϶Ծ綾м⣬ֿ𣬾ÿ϶ˣҲûôġ
ˣ
¶Է룬ͷ
Է˵ʮûֱزۣǰȷ̥֮£ֻԼڵ̥͵ԷеǸǲͬһ֣Ͳһˡ
Ͼʦר˵̥֮󣬻и鷳
пܣͼݳԼϣַʲôΪ֪ıʡ
ЩҪҪǣΪﵽʦ˵
ˣҲ֪ˣô࣬ҲѾƣˣúϢɣ棬̳м֮λ֮󣬾ȥӭȢˣ
㱣ΪϢ̫𺳣ЩӦ˽ʥЦЦ
ţ˵ͷ
Է˵ãһ˵ȷеƣ
ʦˮʧЩܲס̫࣬ɼֵڡ
ˣоƷʯԣıҵ㣬ҳûΪܲͻƣ
߳ǸĹǰˡ
ȻȷǰλǰĸףҲЩϿˣҪ亰
֪ӳôһ춼û㣬ƺԼҲ˽ʥûκβãֻ΢΢Щʧ漴һЦΪƷʯûж٣ֻǧöȥáṩıҲһЩʮƿÿ涼һ־żҩܲĵŶˣﻹ«ҺЧҲţ׺ʯһеõģΪҲá
˵꣬һ̶һƷ
⡭
ǳ˳顣
һֱԼǸˣͶԷһȣؤ硣
ǧöƷʯʮƿżҩ«ҺһԶҲ֪ٱ
ѹ˶ڴ壬ԴϾͺɢ֮
ҪЩò˰꣬Գʥˡ
Ҿ˽ǮĸҪö࡭
վԭأΪ٣˽ʥΡ
ˡ
Цҡҡͷ
˰죬⻹ֻ˽Ǯ
ףԺԴ÷ĻǸѡ
Уסĵطһֱڣû˽ȥǱߡ
˽ʥǰ·
ӻûʱרŸһ޴Ժ䣬˱ʣҲû˼ס
ع飬ȻҪסԼСԺ
һǰһʱ䲻һԺ䡣
һУ͸еˣ˾Ϊ֮ܡ
Ϣˡ
һȦʮڵסȭ
ţ֪һľȻۣ˽ʥٶ˵̧˳ȥ
Է뿪ҵԺŨڣȡƷʯָĵ
Ϣ˽ӽʱžþ񳹵׻ָٴδﵽ۷״̬
ʱͻˡ
һЦ۾һ
ʥصĹؼʦûûصѾǧγˡ
ָ֮һ鼮еݣʶΪԼ֪ʶ
ʥض龳򿪱ٶռ䣬Կռ¡
ķʽʣΪҲתУ
һʱʹﵽ˶龳۷壬ʱͻƵվ
ֻ֪ҪȻս٣żԺǿסͷתƵ׻طϡ
֮ǰͨ˵ļ䣬õʥص׻깦ֻûкʵ鼮ںϣһֱûô˿·嵽˲ٹڴ֪ʶںϹȻӵ˴ﵽص
˿ʯ㣬պÿԼһٳ׻ʥء


1565 ʥľ
׻뿪˽ʥľƷʯ̺ıһУڿת
֨֨
ۿɼٶȿӡ
ľ̶ȴﵽʦ۷壬רע׻ٶȸ죬֮ǰҪһʱܽһСֻҪʱ
֪˶ã˫͵ǰĿռǱ˺һ˺
׻һ˺Բʮ֮ڣͻһڵѺۣռ䶼ܲסǿ
ϧ׻괩ûﵽ𣬲
ϧ
·彫صõĴиԼ׻괩ȻҲУֻϧȱ̫࣬ʵǷȱ޷
ȻͽһǿԴռ䣬սȻٽһ
Ȼ׻ֻǱ֮£Żʹãʦ½ְҵǴڼηġ
˵ʵҪʦ֣ƺʦ֡˵ʦ⳥׻ʦְҵˡ


վһ͸еݣ֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱ
ָһ
˻
ԺĿռ˺ѳһ飬еƷȫ
Ȼںȣ˲֪٣ͨʥأ޶֣ԭλϣģҲƾʵһս
һЦ¶֮ɫ
׻꣬˼Ľߵӣ벽ʥδܹ⣬ϸȻվ۷ˡ
Ҳø޺ͻЩˡ
ͷʥޣΪ˺ܶ࣬ߣα޺ץס˲СˣҪԼתżСţŪöܻᱻɱ
ϱѺʥȻҲ»ص
ųÿͷ˼öżҩ
µҩ޵ƺܿ쳹׻ָûͻƣȴҲøǿ󣬿ӣʱͻʥص߾硣
ޣ˾żҩİһҹĹҲʥسڣֱӳ۷壡
ޣ̫ࡣ
ЩȻ߳䣬Ϳ˽ʥѾԺ䡣
ʼˡǹȥɣ
кһ˽ʥŷֶӵʵƺ˱仯۾̲סһΪ
쿴ֻǶ龳ڣһҹȻﵽ۷壬ϵǿƥʥǿ߶δܹʤ
ЩͻơЦЦ
ң˽ʥǳ˳顣
ԷսҪǿ󣬱ΪʵʵӴ֪ĳطģطʹù󣬻Ϊڿˣ
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治֪ôġ
һȭҿ㲻طжǿʵ
ип˽ʥٴο˹
ã
֪׵ʵڲ£ԶԼҲûʲôɾģһһȭ͵ػ
¡
ǰĿըѣˣǰ͵ӣ˽ʥüëһġ

ɢ鲻Խĺһ۾𺳡
񲻻ǿߣ̫ˡ˽ʥ̲סп
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ɻĿ
ΪﵽӦҲ֪ʥزյ㣬滹дʥ𣡡˽ʥ͡
ţͷ
£ʦ˵һ飬ֻǺϸ
߾ءءʥҲǾأʥֻأ
˽ʥһأǸղ˵ļ񲻻
ͻʥ߱øǿ󣬵Ԫﵽ˼ޣ׳ַ룬񲻻ʵϾǼ֪ңҪԪݣ޲֣ȻȻΪﵽ־磬500꣬Դﵽ1500
ͨʥǿߣֻһǧһЩǿܹҶЩ£Ҳᳬ̫࣬ﵽʥ񲻻ܻڵ˥ϣȻͻƵ1500
С꣬Ʊãǿֲ֪١
񲻻ľ磬ǣͨʥͬͨʥÿΪڡڡԼ۷ĸС𣬶ʥĸ󼶱ÿһ̺С𣡡
ֱǣڡڡڡ۷塢ԲʹԲ
һһѣЩ˽һҪҪϰʱ⡭ҪҲǺΪˣͻʥأԽԽԽˣ
ղŵһȭӵм񲻻ڵȻ㲻ϼߣһѾԳ£ܵУ
˵ͷ̲סЩ棺񲻻Ǵʥĵһ磬ǵڶأ
ڶǽ
˽ʥ񲻻֪޹Զ档ﵽ־磬ػ𡢺ˮȻ޷˺ͨƣҲɻָ뵤ҩǸѧԬΣϬѪȫܴﵽ־磡


1566 ȥӭ
ȻĽֻǸʣԪͬǿͬʯһ㣬Ӳޱȣˮ֣־磬ﵽ˾ֵĵز깥ҲкǿĵֿħʦʦڣȻ丩ֱӽ봫󣬲÷Ҳκˣռ飬ܴ
˽ʥʥĵѪҲǶΣգδ֪Ķڤڤ֮ӦʦЩƣǿ˵ʵãΪҪףҲҪǮңƾվܸоץסԼ·Һĸ׾־磬ȥʱĻϨ𣬵Һĸ׶Ӧ㲢δżѰҡ
Ϩ𣿡
һ飬̲סʵżңҵĻƣʲôʱϨģ
ⶫʥӵ鼮пܣǳȡߵһǣⷽɡ
ȼĵطרŵչˣ겻ϨһϨ𣬾ͱʾǵ˻ɢⶫһĴ塢У֪뿪ˣʱն̬
ԼлơϨˣ
ô£
Һĸ⣬רճµģϨʱ䡭ȥİµף³һ£˽ʥ

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ȥİµס³պôԽʱѧڿΪѧԺ˵һֻߣ֪롭
ǰҸ壬ɢ
˲׹
ԼļһȻϨˡ
ĸ磬ʲô
¿Щʲôϼٴʵ
ĸ磬ҲǴʥ۷壬ʦʵˣΪླ࣬Ԫ񣬲࣬κ޷Ӱ˼һɱˣ˺ƿռ䣡Ϊﵽ־磬ϣʥ֮޵ǿߣ
˽ʥпҺĸףһֱѰ־磬ϧʼûгɹ
񲻻Ѫ࡭
ĸ
磬̫ླܹһһ˺صûܹסĵطƷ
綼ôǿˣ治֪ʥָöǿ
ˣЩ߰ɣ
ʥ־磬˽ʥЦһ£ٶ˵ǰ·
żҼʽӣڳϣԼչصϣȫ٣ʦýмݣרŵļ룬ݺƽڡ
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յ磬ȫ֣Ҳżҵ֮ϡ
峤ļλʽ
ڡʽӣ˻˯
Ҳ֪ǿʦġִ֣壬עأûⶫ峤ҲԲ˳
һֱڣȫꡣ
Ҳڳɹż峤֮λżȨ֮ˡ
ˣʽȥӭף
Ŷӣţ峤ʵǿ˽ʥ˵⡣
ãû뵽ϵĸĸ˼ӣ΢΢һЦ
ʵҲҹζࡣ
ʦܹȥ֤
ʦǰ˽ʥȭЦ
ʦӭףȻ岻ݴǣ
ʦź롣
ʷĵڶλʦӭȢСȻҪǰ
һҹ޻
û˯һ㾫
һյżҵ´ͿѾ룬ָʡװʮͷʥޣһݻ֮С
⡭̫¡˰ɣ
΢΢㵡
żҼȢףȻҪ¡һЩȻżкĿΪһ壿
˽ʥ΢΢һЦνʥҲЦ绨û˵
ҾԶ
ʮͷ޴ʥޣŸָıɻĿ
ʦ½ޱߣʥ޷еĻʮ鷳ͨҪ֪ã̫ԶĻֻҪԷ˵ϸλãȫԲôȥ
ô춼ȲôżλСŮѣ
νʥ
⵹ǲǡɫһ죬ЩΡ
żͺãżҡԶЩʥޣǰ׼õģȫﵽʥؼȫеĻܵż
ƺ뷨νʥЦȻٶȸ죬ôʺʥͬʱ͹ȥҲۣ⣬Ʒǳܲסռ籩ģȥӭסףҪܵһŪ⣬λż峤Ҳ棡
⵹ǡ
ͷ
ʥ޵ʵܹܴĿռ籩ǱϵƷвģ·̲ԶѣȷûҪʹô
·Ҳһ졣
ˣɣ
˵룬ûʲô׼ģ˽ʥһȣʥ޷˽ǰһͷʥڣżӭ׵Ŷӣ̺ƺƵҷɳ۶ȥ


1567 
Хһ˿
˿Ѿ붬Ȼԭѩ죬ٸɽϷҲѾǻѩеİӳһ𣬱һ羰
վޱķüͷãҲ̲סԶˡλʥżҺΪʲôѾ峤ǲǸϸ˵һˣ
տʼʱΪĸԼĻ£Ͻżȥ죬һʱ䣬ԽԽԾ
ʮͷʥ޵ҩؼƤڵƷӦоУżҸģҲһҹ֮ó
ΨһĿԾǣԷ׼ˣ
ԼλСţǷܹҵȷǰӭ׵׼á
У֪šڱУټ֮ǰżӵѡΡٲԾЩɵˣ
οĸżȢϱҲڣôϰɣ
Ȣϱʧٶĺӣòٴμûúһʱ䣬ʹŽ顭ôòԾ
⡭
ѯʣ֪³ʲô˽ʥɡ
Ҿ˵Ҫӣƫ˴ονʥһ˹Ϊʲô壡
Ϊ壿ô£
ԽԽͿˡ
ͺؽѣǣĵز
˵ɣ
һֱû˵ʦ̾Ϣһڵ
ţ
Ҫ˵ˡλʥٲ˵ȫͣ
żҵѪ츳ʱ䣬ҵѪ츳ǿռ䣬£ʦӦʮϤɣ
ͷ
տʼʮ𾪣֪Ҳûʲôֵˡ
ʱ䡢ռһ𣬾ʱյǽ⿪ӡĹؼʦŵ
ӡ
˵Уʦӡڿ֮ڣҪ⿪ҪдҪľʱ֮۷Ĺʥӵеġ
ʦϧʥѾܹͻƣĹʥҲ˾ͷʱսԣȥ̽ʱٺͿռٶδ֪Ŀ»ûҵνĴ䣬˾Ѿˣؼǣʥǿߣǲģ
⡭
⣺ʥ룬Ϊֻǿ߲յʱ֮
λʦҪʲô
òŪ˴ıҲͰˣҪ룬иã˷֣ǲ˷֣
֪ǲ룿
ڿʦ뷨޷⣬ʦ̲סҡͷŵΪΣҲף㹻Ĵûʱ֮Ҳ޷룬żҡѪںϣȫ
Ѫںϣ
żҡѪ覵ںһ𣬿Բʱ֮۷ʥ˿ʦͷˣšңһ׼˭޷ֹ
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û뵽Ŀڴˣ̲ס
£ǣ䣬ǣ˥йأȷû˸ʦãҪٳɡ
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żѪʧϾֻ̺ҪѪҺӦÿʹã̫Ӱ졭˵СͶϣ˴û裬ںҲʺϣʩչʱ֮
ʦЦЦԣѡûеڶѡ񣡡
ʵһ仰û˵ǾǶԷʦ
ʦͬʦ˵ò䣬ǰλܹɻȡ
ˣΣżѾ˸ѪϣҲС
Ѫʹã
ɲ⡣
ͶϣϣϣѪҺʹãʲô˼
ڵȻѪʵҲøһѪƣлᳬԽѪߵʵ
ʦ̳ͣѪͺ̳ǰ˵²ϣӵ޿ɱƣȱҲܴǾѪȳˣѳԽ棡ѪԽԽ󣡡
⡭Ȼ
νġƲЩƣѪ˿ⶫҲ˼Ҫͻơѣ
˵ܣ
ѵʦʱ̥ѪΪ޷ʥǡҪԽ棿
һһ뷨ͻȻð˳
֮ǰ벻ͨΪοʦҲҪѪӵ̥ԭĻпˣ
Ͼʦĳɾܼͣ϶Ѫλȱˡ
꣬ҿϴӦѪҲΪұ֤㲻£гߵĻᡭһνʥۿ죬廰


1568 Ӱټ
ɲܴ岻壬岻壬˺ӣ͵ƴ
ܹͬ⣬Ϊⷬ˵ʡ
ΪĸףȻϣԺĺӣܹɾ͸󣬹ҫ鹣ʦԳ֣ټɷĸ˵ǿͷ
ȻʵһΧʵǿҲϢ¶ɹ
ڶأ֪ǰλĸ׵ʱľжѣ̾Ϣ˹
ڶΪйѪԺֻҪ㹻ѪͿԽּеóѪȼգһµƣڣʦ
Ѫһȼգʵ٣ҲһµƣڣΪԪ
ѪˣٴνѪͲֻҪѪ㣬ʵ
⡭۾һ
ô̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ֮ǰѪ̫ǿˣ壬ܹѪûУķȫ֮ŴΣûƣڣҲҪԼʹã
һ˽ʥһƿ˹
ţƿģ̸еŨŨѪ֪֮ΪѪ»˲˵ͷ˵ٴһ
ǿʦѪҺƶɣ֮󣬿ӵйʥ֮޵еҲʱЧԡȼռѪҺЩơ
᲻ᣬʦҲһѪҪõǰǡʦ
Ӧǡ
뵽⣬̻Ȼ
ѹֿʦ뿪½ܹ꣬ʣܷʮ֮һͺܲˡ
˵ҪҪпʦµĴⶫһö֪ɷ룿һ£ͻȻʵ
֮ʻѪǱ½ΪѰⶫ
Ǳ꣬ɵã֪ʦҵ˼ö
ʦܲһöżһöһöʣµö֪٣ûټ˵ʦӡ˲֪ɽҲ˵ӼߣΣʦܲҲ鲻κѶϢʦҡͷ
Ӽ壿ɻĿ
˵ʥŷ塢м壬Ӽʲô
ʦͽǧʮλʮˣ˹ʥ𣡡ʦ
ǹʥһΣ١
ѧǹʥǵʱжǿ
ѹηʦͬηôǿʵѹţǰǿҲԷ
֮ʦȻ鴫
Ǳ⡾ӡԺ壬ҲΪӰټңʦ뿪Ҳ½ʧżҡҵȼ𣬷ӰټڣʦܲҪɵΪ֮η
ʦЩΪ֪Ϲʷϸ˵һ顣
Ӱټôһ
ʦȻ˴ףɲ⣬Ҫֵúˣ֣κ̣żҰæͬǶ֣
ˣû˸ҺʦԣΪ̫ˣ
˭Ҳ֪жٹʥڳ˯ʲôʱܹ
ǿ󣬾ȻηӰټҡ
Ƕǿʦ״µĴУѪǿ˵֪ʶҲûжϲ㣬ʦȻǶ֣ʦҡҡͷʧãã½겻ˣӦҲٴγ֣ţ
˵ͷ
ȻͿʦһʧˣͲڵģ˼һ£ǡʣµöҲν
û룬Ҫ׼ϧԼ᲻̫żЩ
ǰ˵ղ룬ȷ޷룬ʦöоһܣ˿ʦѼʵѪҺɣʵҲֳ׼ʣҲͬЧ
ʦź롣
ʣ
ѧŵĴʡԬεϬѪκ̵춾塢ˮˮǧˮ֮塭ֻҪ׼Դ
ʦ˵ͷҲΪģżҪʵԵɡֻҪɹԭлʦµĵһʥأ۱ﻹؼ޷ܾʧᣬ½»֣ܲ棬δ֪
ˣҵУȻΣ
ҵܽ޷ʥļһƮҡ
˵ڵĴ˵һ޴ת۵㣬˭ᡣ
ˣɻʣ
꣬ʦٴο
ʱûˡҡͷ
ֻЩԷ˵꣬Ȼס
ѹң˼ᶨҪؼ޸Сţǣȷκ飬޷ı䡣
Ǿͺá
ûʣʦٶ˵ϥ
ҲٶʣϸΪ͸ոս׻ꡣ
ʱһζϣ棬Ϳ·һ޴ĳгǰ
ڵġǡˣ
˽ʥǰ


1569 
ǣ
ͷȥµУͺ֮Уܵɽ죬Թ
ûרŵ·ҪУ֪ҪѶĹ
Ĵ󣡡̲סп
żҵĴһҲػģ̺ſռ֮ʧСȻּ˵ʲôˡ
ЦЦ˽ʥָһ㣬һ̳ǰ͸¿ȥеȷ·˳ǰУͿɽ롣
󷨣ʱ̱仯ɵģһ۲ҳ·λ˸ףҲΪó
ǰżͣ
ǰһᣬһʵЦ漴ӰڿС
һλ֮ǰĴ᳾
ǡ
˽ʥ˳˽
Ѿ׼˿ͷݣ
᳾һЦȷȥ
˸ϣżӵܣҲԦŷʥޣ
׼ĿͷǸ޴ĸۡʮͷʥޣȫУ˿Եӵ
λϢһ죬ټгϣԼչص̫ϳϣβٰ죬½Ǵ£Īʣ
׵᳾Ц
Լǣ˽ʥͷ
Ǿͷλסˡ᳾ٲ˵רŵĳϸչӣŻ˳ȥ
صļ壿
ͷõʮ־һγһ޴ľ󣬶˵Ƕ츣ء
УǼ
һ·Ů٣˼Ҳв٣ֻŮбĸ飬ҰʱķͣϾһ㣬ԽԽŨң˳УԸᡣ
ô춼Ȳˣ
ԺߣνʥЦǰ
ʵȻԿԼλʦΧУûκλҵĶӣľѾˡ
ôܡֻ㿴һ죬Ρ
İɣšڱУ뵣ġңûԼֻҪϲŮΪҲһӣνʥһɰ
֪Լλĸף»ɵóһЦ˵ͼչӵҳϣ˹峤үҪ㣡
ҹȥ
ڼ壬۾һ
ΪԷʥӵû뵽Ѿˡ
ҲԣҪޣ˴£϶ҪٶȻص塣
ڳ󣬺ܿȻ棬Ų豭֪Щʲôæվֱȭӵܣ࣬峤ʥӵ
֣ˡ
Է˴æǰ
̧ͷǰ꣬ипǧ
֮ǰΪֻǸͨˣΪͶŽΪѣ֪ƭãȻŭҪôûϵգ۹򣬶Է˺ָΪżСţʥӵͽһǿһͿ
ȷϺ˺öϢš
տʼ˵ӺԶ۹Сطļһʮ㣬֮Աǣò˿̲ףõ۹⣬Ȼͬ죡
ʵǡ龳۷壿
ڸпʵͫٴһ
ǰʱ򣬲龳۷壬ŶãͶ龳۷ˣ
ʹﵽ龳ڣͺܽˣǰλͻƸˮԷһҪҪôţ
ͻơ
΢΢һЦ
ҡ
Ҫˣÿһʣһһ䡭ŪҲϺ
仰
ʵ֪ɷͽ̣
һ˹
ʶԷʱһŲʥصСֵһᣬµĹ򣬾ͱñǿȻ֪Է츳̫ǿЩ
ð
ͷ
ոͻƣҲЩԷܱԣò
ǾͿʼɡ
뵽һ̤͵ǰȥգ۹ǰָգ͵

ռᣬճ
̶̼첻Ҳ˺ܴ
úã
һЦڵ͵𣬸ӭȥͻȻֱͣڿС
ôˣҪΪҲǶ֣֣Ҽʶһʵɡ
ͣ˵һ㣬һеͣһߡ
²ܲԷĶ֣ȻǱԣ˾ˣмԷá
á
ƾҳ飺ǣղˣ񡢺Ҫͻˡ
¡¡
δ䣬ֲ罻
ս٣ˣ


1570 
żҵʱͻƵ˶龳۷壬ʱվֻ׽٣ƺ󣬱ǿѹ
պ䣬һڵҲƲס˲˶龳Ϊﵽʥأվ
Ҳͻƣ
ƣڷڵ۾һڣҪιȥ
㲻Ǹյ龳۷
վҵģһ־ͻƣ
ؿڱۣҪѪ
ΪöԷ̫죬Ϊܲȹ̣Žս˭֪ûʼ˼ͻˡ
֮һȣٶȣĺڹһԣţһ
ֱûˡ
¡¡
ƣͼյԽԽȻռزĶ
˿ĭ巢Ҳ̲ס࿴ǰ꣺㵽ӭףҪˣ
Էս٣ʵ̫ǿˣҪ󷨾ǿҲⲻס
㲻ӭ׵
Ū⣬Ҫ尡
治ǹģҪٽΪѹȥ
ɫһ졣
һֱѹƣҸûᣬû˵ĵط׽ٶɹ˭뵽ͶԷԣûƺȻͻˣҲܱ
ѹȥ׽ٶˣѹȥ𣿡
ǰһڡ
ͻƶͻˣѹȥȷڿЦ
֮Ӧ취ɹǿ׽ٰɣ
ۻʥ۷嶼δܹ⣬ѵһ㶼ż
Ҳǰ׽ˣȰ˵ֻǡ
ΣҲûð취
׻ﵽʥ۷壬޷ΪҲոͻƣûкʵǰոսȻղˣҲð
û취ʲô˼㲻а취𣿡
Ƥһ顣
龳ǰλߵģôԼģˣ
׸㣬ϲҿ϶㲻꣬õĻ£Ҳͱˡ
һҧ
ͷҲˡ
粻ͻƣͻƣƫƫʱ򡭡
Ϊ׻꣬ղ߶ԷҲ
ˣԡ
֪ϾҪ£ٵһҧ͵ط˫ֱ¶Įɫ
սôô󣿡
İɣܹ׽٣֮ǰйüˣպҲʲôֶģ
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ԺеˡλʥҲǶӵս٣ͬʱ˿
Լλӣ漣ʵ̫ˣǶԿ׽٣һһĴ˵ǰȻǿӦҲɶԿ
쿴ȥˣӦûϳ
·˽ʥ˷ܡ
ѵõĻᣬúùۿѧһаʽӵͻƣҲõˣ
ҵĴ᳾ҲתһȺϡ
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ۼλֿ꣬׽٣ֻʱûףôģһΣÿϸ۲졣
һֶԿطѧᣬٴζɽ٣ȫˣ
ˣռ侵ȡһĻ¼ڿԺԷĦҳ˿
ٴηԸ
ʵһοûԷγɹģĳϾܶ࣬Ҫ׸ףӦҲǽһĻ¼Ժ󷴸Ħҳ˿
ã
೤ϼæɻأʱ䲻Ȼҵһ޴ľӣҵĳռ侵Լ¼顣
Ѿȥˡ
˸սӰںã᳾һȣ漴Ϳգ·
˶һҪ˵еżСţε׽١
¡¡
ҺҪ˺ѡ
̧ͷȥз飬ȴûֳɫȻСףּˣ
¡
һ£û֮ǰˡ
úˣûǰϹ
üëһϴŨŨĲͷ
䣡
ˣƣĻڲͣ
ҪŭңӦ֪ʱ򣬺ڶ
Էߣٴߡ
䣡
һ£˾޴ľٴηһʵĺ

ͻȻתߣգ۹ʧӰ٣Ҳټ
ղŻƣ˶ĩ˿壬ްƲʡ
趼У
Ż뿪ɶʱҲôˣ
᳾Ŀɿڴ


1571 ϣ
׽٣ضߵĳͷÿߣ̸֮ɫ䣬η֮绢
᳾ʵٵҲŵɫףҪﻮãŸ֮⡣
ǰλãΪóʲôֶΣôû뵽ǳ䣬в䡭Ȼˣ
ֲ
ɶʱô׶Ըˣ
¼ˣ
¼ˣֻǡǡѧ᣿ϿҪ޵
ѧᡭ᳾ҡͷ
ԤҪܹȥϻһգ۹ͻᱻ⽴
Ѿˣð
ɾðе꣬ɶ¶ûУɹءò᲻νʥĺӣ˽Ӱɣ
ãŪȥˡ
еһ
׽ٱŪ˺öΣŪˣȻӲû취գҪֲ鷳
һΣصԭأǰ΢΢һЦˣ׽ٹȥˣǼɣ

ͷƤը
ð
׽ٶ仰ߣҾһӣŰ
ˡæҡͷ
Ѿ˾ӽԺ󣬴ҲǰһȣǸ̥࣡
ǡ֣ɷȥС
ȣԴʧ漴飬һĿ
ԽǰԽ˼Ҳû֮ǰôˡ
충ʱȻҲżһ졭˰֡
ðɣ
εҡҡͷ
ʧ䣬΢΢һЦ
ǰλԽ˵ڶԷҲԽҪҲǺġ
Ȼæͷ
ķǼҲ޷ʱ䲻̫
࿴
ʵιҶԷҪ˼˫Լһ棬⣬ҲԷ̬ȡ
̬ȿˣȷжӣΪҲûʲô塣
Ȼǰ˽Լ棬һЩڲģǻģ㱻ˣڳҲֻ嶯˵
οǰλżСšʥӵʦʦ֣
ģ
˷ܵ͵
ţһԵȣȥһ¡
æͷ˵ЩмĻͼżһλӵĳϣҴǰ峤
ôˣ
أü
ڴѶϢԭŹͶκ̵ʧˡ
ϼæ
ʧ٣
ͷƤһը͵վ۾𣺡ʲô˼ô£
Ҳ֪ǷսȻʧȥټżҵˣѾȥ̽ˡλæ
ʼʵڴʥǿߣκ̶ʩչ춾ԶҪץ߶ѡʧ٣Ѷʱ䶼ûУ
ȭͷš
űĹѺ˻ԼѶȣʲôˣʧ٣һϢû
²֪λҡͷ
֪﷢սڹȥһ
֪żҵϢض׼ȷźκ̿϶ǳ£ûκγɡ
Ҫ֪ô£ֻǰȴǲ飬֪Ҫ鵽ʲôʱŪã˶ˣû
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֪ȷλãԥתǰ࣬һǸ⣺֡
ȥ׷ʲô£Ҫ˵һɣ
֪Ҫ˵ͷ
ţ
мı˱ȭԺӣȡĸ׸ľż죬ܿ첼һ
Ҹȥɣ
νʥƺҲ֪ľҴǰʦ㸸ףǱһʲôʣҲиӦ
ӭ׶ѣﶼ׼ˣ˽ʥڣʦ֤ҲڣӦò⡣
ţ
ͷ˵ͷ
ȻΪͻƵʥأҪ߶󷨣ЩвţٶȸһЩ
ߣ
˲ٶ˵νʥ͵ع䣬һ˸

ͬʱԭʧ
һȻ˵۹˸
ղŰ˳˵ˣǸ򡭡
һܣȷ˷λνʥһָ
˿ٷУʱ䲻һɽʱɽô˰أֲȫٻʾǰųֹһ춯صս
ȭͷһ
ӶУǺһ֪µġ
ҲвֲڷƣȻǱκ̵ֶΡ
ΪǱƣû뵽һ𣬱˹˭
ķôǿ
˵żҡңʦãҪϢߣҲɣ
ѵǡλߣ
ͫͻȻһ


1572 £
šκλѧʵܾʦĺԶ⣬սҲδκεˡ
ʵѶͱߣǡʹԼ߹ʥԳ֣򣬻δܹ
ۣ֮
һܿȥ
üͷһ壬ɫࡣ
Ȼѯκκۼ
ۣ֮˿̾ȻҲûЧ
֮ǰֻҪ̽飬Ȼܿ˿Ծ˿̣ʲôû£ͺƾʧһ
ѧʵʲôۼû£ͽߣʵ֮ǿУνʥҲɫء
᲻˸ɵģ
̲ס
ɱ¾֮Ũ䣬ƬսĺۼûϢۣӦòǡȻǹʥ֣Ͳ˵ˣνʥͷ
ʥ
ɫࡣ
ʦãȻЩڣѾ壬Էˣ˶˵¡
ҪҲֻܶĵƣ
ЩʥʱնˣֻΪץԼѧҲǺܴ
λߣ벻˭
żϸѯһ飬ҵʲôҪȷǱʲôץˣûΣաżνʥ
ͷ
ϵԼЩˣ˵ĲҪȷǷȻȻżҲá
ɽµĺۼϸһȦÿһϸ۲졣
ɷʲô
νʥ
ҡҡͷԷӦʮóۼֻߣƾʧʲôû£
šκ̵λ֪ʲôֶΣ֮۶ҲκõϢ
ҵǿЩνʥɫأݴ򶷵ĺۼ۲죬ֵˣһУͽźκȫץסû˿
УƤһ
ǣСӺܶ࣬ңֻһ¶ȼͣϸˣܵıǴɢȥģ˵Ӧʩչ
νʥһָȻһ΢һӣ¶ȵȷΧĶࡣ
ʩչҪԷǱԷһ»ɢγΧӶԣԶ϶ʩչǿûסԷһС
˳ƶϣȥȻܵĿӶ״ӣӦһνɣûеڶγµĺۼ
κ̵ǸӶͬҲԷҡûǶͬʱȴ⵽Էѹ
νʥͣҲǺȻ
һ˳ѹ󶥼֣ĶʲôˣĿΪΣ
ѵ֪᳹׵ԭʥӵż
Ҫ֪⼸صֶΣȻҲ½궼ˡ
峤
ڲ²⣬ʲô˸ͼһλżҳϷ˹
֮ǰѶ˳ϵλ
תͷ
峤ԬҴѶǵټҲߣ
λϼæȭ
ԬҲˣը
ԬҳϴѶϢλϼæеƵݹ
ͷһۣȭͷһ
ԷϢ͸ղŵ˱һǰ壬ûУ˭û˾Ѿʧˡ
Ԭʲôط
ǰĳϡ
֪ġϸλã
νʥָһ㣬һݶ
ǹȥ
ȷλãٴνżȡó

˴ԭʧ
һ̣ԬҵķΧ
峤νʥ
ܿ죬ԬҼӭӵ
Ǹ۵ˣòû壬ʦЩ֮һ־ͽԬץסηûãǵĻ󣬱һƿ
Ԭָȥ
˿ȥͼһӡ룬󷨷ӡʵһѿ
󷨳֮⣬ûо̬ģԽиֱ仯ֱӽһ˺ѣ޷ۺϡҲ̫ˣ
ԬΪ壬õ󷨣ۼ˵ǻۣھż֮У϶⡣
ʥ۷壬ҪһƿԷһֱ˺ѡҽѪԬץߡѾֹǿֲˣ
ֱ˼
ʦδܹ
νʥ촽¡
Ƿ޺ʦս֪ߵʵȻ˵ʦȷ
ˡǹʥ
̲סʵ
ʦʥ۷壬½ǿ֮һʥ֮¼е֣Ƕֻ֣ǹʥˡ
ȷʵҲֻλ֮ʣˡ
ǡʥϢ֪˲δﵽ
ԬҼҡҡͷ
ûﵽʥôǿ⡭
һ𣺡ѵҲпʦ֮Ѫʥ֮޵У


1573 ˭
ղŵӡʦ޷ɣԼ񲻱ʾߵʵѺ״̬Լ
пʦ֮ѪԽԷѲҲֶ
ܣ
ʦ֮Ѫޱȣô׾ɢ䣬ʵǿ
˵֮ǰ²Ĳʦ֮Ѫֻʦܽãͨ˾ӵУҲǷӲġ
᲻ǹʥѹΪ
Щ̲ס
ӦòᡭйʥϮԬҵĹʥ˯ҲܵӦѹԬҼҡҡͷ
Ȼ
ִ壬г˯ĹʥһͬǰػܵϢţӶѡ
Ǽǿû˿Ӧ˵Էǿûͱǲ㴰ֽ
ûﵽʥʵʲôˣɫԽԽѿ
ǹʥ֣һЩؼĹʥѣӦÿԽס߲̽˭ʲôڣԷƫƫûͻƣôǿ޴̽ˣ
Ԭ֪ʦʲôط
ͻȻʲô£æʵ
еͼ
ԬһȡһƵ˹
һۣ˿
㵣ġ˻ӱ֣
νʥ˼
ţ˵ͷ
šκ̡ԬΡӣߣԷԼӱȻҲӽѣ
֣սʦãԷӵйʥ֮޵еҲȥӦΪȫ
ɣ
ٴβóʦᡣ
˿̵νʥʩչתδͣټסҲЩƣˡ
ʦôˣ
ӱɻͬʱ־ʮָˣǼʦãˣҪȥҰӭȢʦأ
šκ̡Ԭζץˣ
ɫصĽ͡
Ǳץˣӱһǲ˼飺⡭ǵʵôǿ˭
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ʦɻ֣ӱʱ׹תͷسϣ֪ͨʦս״̬
ǣ
سҲ֪̬أҴȥ
ʦʦκʦǵôˣ꣬ӱҴҿ
Ҳ֪Էûκκۼңѯ
ҡҡͷɸ񣺡żֻҪţԷٸҶ֣ץסӦѯһЩ
ã
֪ʦãԷֻҪ϶֣Ȼ¶ţӱٶʣŶԭϢԼҲץʱ˷һʱ䡣
ŵ˱츳ȷУڷܣڳΪʦ᳤Դ㣬ҲǼ졣
ԭصȺ򣬺ܿһȥٴˡ
û˿Է֪ٲһ㡣
ûгԶͨѶ󷨣֣ѶǱû£
Ҳ̲ס
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ӱ˳ȥʱ䲻ٴλʦ֣ʦ֣˵Ѿңûκαʡ
ûбʣ
üͷɸ
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ʣ
ͫ͵һ彩ֱ
֮ǰʦ˵ҪѰҴ䣬˴֮⣬ʣšκ̡ԬΣʣҪ
ӱ֣ǡ
᲻Ϊ˲űߣ
ҪӦûΣգܰȫ
ϾԷץʵĿΪ˿ǽɱ
ӱӽ쿪ʼһֱ󣬲Ҫ뿪˼һ£
ǲҲֻƲ⣬СһЩΪá
ȥģ
νʥ
һĵϢҲ׻ָٴλص۷壬һĳʱƲ񷡣
ң
ͷ
ңνʥɻ
һҪѯʦ⣬ԷѰʣС϶Ҳǣһɡܵӭ׵ϵң

һû˵Ҫ˵ʣ˭⣿
ŵĴ֮塢κ̵춾壬ԼԬεϬѪ
ȻԼʲôʣܹӵͼݣһԶκ⡣
ҪǡżҺңд
ҪΪ˿ץŵˣôĴܲҪšĺӣֶܣ
ԡҪ֪Է˭ֻлң
˵οķӡνУҪʦϸѯʣҲܴƲһЩ˿
߰ɣ
֪νʥҲ˵󣬱ֱͶȥ


1574 СҸϣ
ңŵƽʣú첼һƬϲ졣
᳾վڴſڣһ˿ۣЦ
ҼΣЯʥʥʮͷǰżңӭȢС
ľҼľͤ棬šǧҩ䣬ʮ꣡
ˮҼˮ죬ǰף飬ˮ龧ʯǧöǧţö

һȣ𣬴½һһǿĳЦݵ˽
Щˣƽʱڴ½ţ춯ݣȫźص͵˿
ʦǰڵ۹˵£½֪ˣֻӭףôҪǴ飬ŶӶ֪ŵ
ŷַǷľ󣬴⸺ӭӵһλ̲סп
ңڴ½ϵĵλܲҪʱټôˣ˶ľͷԹأ
żңҲɡ
λһμˣֻǸӭףһ飬϶ӻԻͣʦãǰء
ΨһĽͣǰ죬ʦץ޹Ϣ½
ʦô½꣬˵Ҫץ˭һǿ޷ѣλȴıʷսʦδԭ˳ΪѧԼʥӵʦʦ֡
߸˵
ôݹһٲ֪ȥɵˣ
żҾ㣬ûκγɣٶȣ̳м֮λͨ£˶֪żұøǿֻʱ⣬ĻҲأ
˵ӭĴ£λżҼЩͷ۸ðҲһӵļǰҩͱ
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С飬Ī𶯣ʱҲֻȼ壬½һˣˣҲѹָп
֮ǰСţһֱûϢҲСƽû뵽һ֣ʯ쾪ֱճһˣ
ǰʥˣʦΪ֮ʦö˹̽飬Ȼ֪ڿȻ˾̾
ţζţؼСϲҲһԲˡ
೤ȫϲá
ܸҴҫСϲ˵ҲѣڣԴϲȻ˶ϣġ
ַǷԺһʻԺ䣬һŮھǰ棬ϸױ
С㣬ر֣˵˲ٴ
һŮվڶԷһ߰æͷһЦӯӯĵ
㶼˵飬Ҷ֪ˡ
ŮЦҡҡͷ
֮ǰһֱ⣬Сôˣôϲһȵ۹ʦѧԺԺڲ֪λү湻ģʲôû˵ǰءʦã벻˭ˣ
ŮվԭأйâͣҫųݵĹâ
ʦãûҪʱټô˹أҲԶһŮЦ
ǰСи
ŮߴߴĹء
ھǰСž覵ò΢΢һЦҸ
ˡǴ£ʦû˵ЩʲôͻȻ뵽ʲôСЩŵĿ
Ůһ£˵Ų漴һˬʵЦˣѾˣ
ү
ˣŮæ
ţ
˰֣ǰãһЦҼСˣһ㣬زˣҪҪţ϶ˣ
زˣ
Сɫһ죺磬Ҫȡãȷ˵ң
ⲻǷϻ𣿹ӭףȻ֪˭Ͳõˡҡͷһ
ǾͺáֻţʶʱαװòСһЦʵò󣬻᲻ʶ
СİɣαװòҲڱʱÿʮү󣬿϶Ķѣֱӱסġ
һŮЦ
ǰС㣬Ҫòȥһ仰˵Ͱˡ
һλŮҲ͡
ƶǵĻСЦЦ̧ͷǰࣺ磬ڡ
ЩҪȥİɣܿͻҲ׼һ£һҲϣ㣬⸱ĵӰɣ
ЦЦ
ţС˵ͷӿҸ
СͱŻԼΪֻεĹһζû뵽ҵԼϲˣһ
Ķ


1575 СҸ£
żҵ˽ʥں͸£ˣ⣬ҪСӻżңЩȥɣñȫżˣ
ҸҲǸˣ
ȻüˣЩʧ䣬ѾõĽˣ֮ǰ붼ġ
ţ
˵ͷСæٴӿȥһûŪá
Ūˣûκ⣬С㣬
ŮһЦ
ǰСһĮȣû뵽ϲˣҲСŮһĻ
Ǿͺã
˿Сվǰĸ磬һϲã߰ɣ
ţ
һЦ൱ȥ
Ů
磬춼˭ˣ
ǰУŮ̲סʵ
ȻŮ˵˺ܶˣ˭֪Ļ
ʥŷļµĴϣˣСӵӵȷ󣡡
Ц
ôˣš
ʥŷļСɴ۾Ƕʦӭף
Ϊأ
̲סпϴγʢ潨壬ĺʱ򣬲ʱҲûô࣬λ䣬ٴվڴ½۷ˡСȻ鲻̫ף»ĲλС޵ķ⣬û˿ί
ţ
Сӿһů
˫飬һºж֣Ҳ֪޷ô˹ġ
ҫʷ겻Ϩ
СһֱϣİˣһĿ½֮ӭȢţǲѾﵽˣ
ŮЦ
ȻⶼĿʲôУͷ
½ʦãܴôǿߣ붼Ҫģ˿ȴˣĿʲô
ǰǴˡȽͷϰɣ
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ӭףΪӣȻҪú첼棬ҲǵµڣΥ
ݣŮ߽ս뻹ûվã
ʥӵղЭͬ೤ϣǰףأ
ʦôԶЭͬʮλʦǰףء
ʥӵʦöˣһǴʹ
Сۡ
ŷļѾˣʦôôʦǰףأԸ棬ƽ޺ˣ
ʦ̫ϳϣʯ࣬Яǰأ
ʯࣿλѲµ̫ϳϣѾܲôҲμӻ񣿡
Ҳ֪ϴԶλרˣûû뵽
ǰλʦҪС϶Ҹˡ

ǾȺĽ
ʯ̫ϳ϶ˡСµȭͷ
λ̫ϳϣҪʦûӦû뵽Ȼˡ
ɢޣֽͯǰء
ʦ̫ϳϣǰأ
ƽˣһҦǰأ
Ұ񵶡ǰء

𾪻ûһ֡
һϤִʷɣ֣쳹˶Уôٴ
ֽͯһǧǰµҽʦ᳤ǰʧȥټû֪Ϊˣû뵽ϣء
Ǵ˵еǿߣȻ£
࣬˳ˣûζ˵ӵĵ£һ֮⣬쾹Ȼˡ
ҿˣһʥı
ƽ˭
ҲǸˣǰһλʦʵͬСɣϲ壬˱ԣûжֻ֡ôʧˣûκټû뵽Ҳˣ
ʵһǸҰ񵶡
Ϊʦǹݶ飬û뵽Щ˶ˡֱ۽磬У
ǰ϶Ҫڵġ

ЩϤ֣Щֻڴ˵еĳͬʱը
֮ǰ½ϣ𾴵ʥŷ˿̶һһ㣬ɪɪҲֻǼ˷ܡ
Щģ
ͷڵŮǰĳЩ˶Уۿ΢΢졣
ΪŮӣͱ̵ˣΪǰ޹⣬ζû뵽˻Ի͡ҫۡ
ллˡ
֪ȻʦרƵģСǸж
쿴ʦˡ
ʱٴνʥԶ˽


1576 
ôˣ
һ·ۣصңû߽дĴһ
ֻǹӭףֲǴ飬Ϊѧմ֣û뵽һðôࡣ
ֳô󶯾ôˣЩô޴ңӦöʦӣһνʥ
ʦӣ
ǰλʦõĻʯ̫ϳϣܹʦָ㣬ʦѵĹϵֽͯ˵һյأʦ֮ȳ಻̫λƽˣǰʦ壬ĿӶûˣֻôӦظۡ
νʥЦ
ЩܶǻܣżҺʦϵǳ֪Ĳ١
˵˳Ѿõˣʦ棬ˣ治õ
ʦˡ
пһЦҡͷ
ֻΪӭףû뵽Ūôơ
ԷҲΪ롣
ԽӰԽԺչʾʦݣҲ͸
ȥɣ
νʥͷ˸߽䣬ͼ·塢֣Ҵӭ˹
ʦ
ҲõϢЩż
ֳȥˣԳߵʵҪնɱŵˣ練ƣûôץߣ˵ǶʱӦûʲôΣգ
һ䣬ҪģԷȻ֣϶кĶҲµĲпܻ֡ʱս׼ɣ
ţ
֣·ͬʱ˵ͷ
šκ̵ʵǵͣһ±ܣԷǿӹɣҹһҪþȫˡ
żۼ֤ҵȵĸ֡
뷿䣬ȷݣΧ˹
ʦȻӢ۳ٰ
Ŷʮ꣬ʥӵյѧҲһһǿ治֪ôġ
˵ʦʦͽƺһʦ֣
ʦָ㣬żҵľѪдҲͲˣ

ˣλʲô飬Ժģеǻᣬ˼ʱͲˣ
᳾ǰ
ӭ׻ǻ䣬ѡõʱĴ壬Ȼء
֪Щȫ˵ͷÿͨ
˿᳾򷿼мȥ
мλϣ˽ʥʦ
һϵˣòЩƣò£֪ӦСĸףδ
վߣһŮվһ࣬ͷϴźɫĸͷòȫڡ
ء
ȫһ̲סһϲ
ܺλֱֻм£ȴоһ
ҹ˼
֪ڲ˵ʱǿס˼£ͻȻðɻ
ôЩ̫һ
غ¹ϵṬ˽ദʱ䲻࣬ġ֪ͣʮϤǰ첼µŮȻҲ޿ޣɵһ۵ĸоƺЩͬ
ѵòҲαװͣ
֡
ʱֻע⣬ԷαװòͣδģòᣬҲαװ˰ɣ
̶صͽд飬֪Σ
ں˼룬ҪҪʶ֮ɨȥ˽ʥ
Ȼû⣡æͷ
ӭȢأһֱ룬ھǰôܾܾ
ǾͺãôˣպôǰǾһȥżҺϲƣ
һЦ˽ʥǸˡ
Ȼ
ϲƣҪȡ
ͬʱȭ
Ǻã׼ɣ
Ѿ̶˴̣֮ҲͲ˵ˣ˽ʥվӻЩɵ̲סЦδϱϡ
ǣ
æͷŮǰǣԷƣ棬ͻȻһҵ
ţһˣڶ𣬿һ
ʲô£
ҵλ͵վ⿴ȥ
ˡӲס
һˣҴҳ˽
šôֻһã˸ҹңҿ˭ıӵˣ
ɫһҼ۾
ʢĻǿ٣Ȼҹң̫˰ɣ
Ӧ
üëһæתͷ֣ˣͼѧѾ׼á
֮ǰͲ²⣬ԬΡŵ˵ףʱֳ֣ʣӦˡ
ȥ
ҲͲסҼȥ
յ⣬ͿӰ˹ǰȥΧµҳϣԼ֣׷׺ˣһ֮С
ѵǣץţ
˳˹ȥֵֻһͯӣֻʮģǸɴŮӣܿòĺ֪ͣһľŮ
͡
к·˹ȥץסһۣͻȻһ𣬱ýֱ

ʱŮϵɴ׹䣬¶һǣ˿һۣΪ֮ľա
Դǣ飻ṬԼҺɽˣȴ˳ɻ飡
Ů۾΢΢졣
أ㡢㡭
лҡ
ǰŮӣǱˣΨһģ֮ԼŮӣأ
ȻءС˭
æתͷ漴ŮĸͷԼƿ¶һʶϢò
ߡ



1577 ˭
ǰŮӣܱǰߣƯʮֹʡһһɿԿǸĽмΣ˾ѧߣ
۹ʶѧϰŬδΪҲûչʾݣ
Դһףһ䡰Ҷ㲻ϲ顣
Ϊϴһζûϵ
ٴμ棬˳
Сôߣ
ֻ˶Ҫ
һֱΪؾСΪ˺һƴŬȥż鷳ӽ࡭
רͼ̽
ͻȻ˵СزǡӿҪըԽܡ
ʦ
ԶأҲǽһ
֪ʦԼֻͨϲνİˣԷ˷ܵǰӭףЩ㱣һֱøȷϡ
س֣׹
òᡭǽɶԷ˰ɣ
ϲģѵλԶ۹ʦʦ
Ȼ˵ġԴǣ飻ṬԼʲô˼
ͬղŵҸգۼ仯ˮͣԭأͣ˶Щ㱣˵
ȻþӡΪ׶˺ܶ࣬Ϊﲻһ磬һЩ䣬޷ָǰλĵȷȷģ߽飬µڼȫѡ
뷨ܼ򵥣ֻϣһ죬ԼϲˣһĿ½֮ӭȢšô֣ԹأȷĿˡ
˿ͷȴûµ
ѹֵʦһֱܾζܣתƻ⡭ԭʱѾϲˣǰλ
ȻԷҲʱ˵Ļ
̲סһ仰Ҳ˵ͬɵˡ
˵ҪңѣҲҪһ𡭡ܵĿ⣬ؿ
Ϊһ򲻸Ҷ飬κ˼ĮǣĮģǰλڻṬɽˣκδ۶Ը⣬Ŷ̶̼£ͺͱ˳ףνģ
ˣҡ
⸱ģżһֱΪС㡭
ң
ɻ
ǣû˵ݣʵôǿټ壬ҲΪ˾ҹ
ֻͷƤҪը֪ν͡
ϴҲˣŮϴϵ
ɡߺһ仰û˵Ҳͣ˭ʵ˭뵽ҹ
ؼǡԵɺϣֱΪֹûҹ棬Ӱû
ҵݣʱܺ˵ɣڸߣҴȥһط
żͣһ£Ҳ֪Żǲţڵ
һط
û׷֪н͵Ļᣬ˿
ȥͻ֪ص˵ͷڶ˵һתҪ뿪
á
һ£һҧҪϡ
ŪôѾöԷˣԶȥ½޻
ţ
һӰ͵ǰֻ࣬λյĺѣʱ£ʱըҪʲô˭
֣¡ͣһ£δ䣬ͼһȭͷ͵

ըһȭŤûϣ͸ܵ˻ʹƺҪ˺ѡ
֡
û뵽ͻȻ֣һ
Ҫ֣ҳܲ𣡡һŭȭͷ·ҪǰˣŻġ
㡭
Ҫͣȴ֪˵
ԼΪأСŴӦĻԼôˣǰμӭףۼ齫ͻȻ뿪˵ϴˡ
˺ҵƤݺڵߣ˭ܲס
ˣͲҪҴҪôɱˣҵʬ뿪Ҫô͸ҽ˭ʲôϵ
һŭһ߽ͬ˰ֱۣŭ֮У񱩣ֻʥسڣȴӳ˿ȶ龳۷
֣ҡٴκˡ
ˣ˵ҪƺΪ֣ҳܲ𣡡
Էһҧڵٱգ۹򣬾ʹﵽһ־˵ĵز
Ѫ
Ȼû˿˼ɣֱӶѪ֮
˻
ʩչѪ֮࣬ʵѸٱһգѾʥسڵʵһһģ͵ؼ̶
һȸղŵȭͷǿ˲֪ٱֱָüģ䣬ռ˺ƣһѺۡ
ұóƿؿռ䣬ټ϶Ѫ֮һµĹȻվ۷ǿߵĽҪ£ǿߣⲻס
վڣսȻȴʥٴһΣ˹ȥ
֣ҵĲԣͷϸ͡
ûͷҲýͣ첻
¡
˺ѿռƣһнһУеһγ˿ռ籩
ңЩͶְɣ
Է޷Ȱ裬Ҳ֪Լٲͣ
꣡
͸룬һ޴˿ڣѪ

̴ļһҧ͵һ¡
Ŷһ£;ȫһǱһɾ޴סҪ
ϲˣҿǣ˭
¡
һϮࡰ⣡ˣеĳҲѳֲסֱ˳ȥգۼʧԶټ


1578 ͯ
ˣŮ£
Ůס࣬һҼʱҲ׹һȡ
ҪŮӣߣңǷ𣬶Ϊ½Ц
ǣ

ҼʮλϷգ۹򣬽غߵλͯΧм䡣
Ҫ
û뵽գ۱żŸնͬеһתͷȥͼλͬʱ֣ΧĿռ䣬ȫ
ŮȻˣɣ
һߣ᳾ָ˹ȥ
ŮɫȻٴλָǰģƤһ̧Ҫ֣ͼһͯǰһС㣬Щ߹ĪС֣
ţ
˵ͷ˫ֱվԭأٲͺλҴϵĹһ㡣

û뵽Էд᳾ĿҪըѣâٴαͣһХƿռ䡣
ۼҪϣͯһЦǰָһץ
ࣣ
âըѿ
°ɣ
ԷĽͯһ
ΪƸΪ꣡
᳾ֻص߸Ĳȣʱӿ׹䡣
һ֣
Ҳ̲סȡ
ǰͯӣֻʮ꣬ζû뵽ǿ
Χܵ೤ϣϳԿȫԥһ֡
ʮλϣͶﵽʥأͬʱ֣籩꣬գ۹򣬾ԺγһԲεĹȦͯ˺Ѷ
ռڹȦܣѺۣһ־ͽ˺ķ飬Ĵ籩ӿǾƷʥУ¶ͣһ
ҵķħȦҶֵס
ʦɫء
Щϵĸʵÿһ̫ǿһ𣬾Ϳˡ
ʦ֣ﵽʥླĳǿߣҲԿ⡣
٣˼
Уͯûκλңָ쳤Ǳӵ֦ڿһ㡣
ࣣ
ռζƽĺһöʯͷ
֮£ǰӵĹȦʲһȥƫԭĿ꣬գգ۹ʧӰ١
ǡռ䣿ͯʲôʵ
ͫһʦһ
ΪһͯӶѣܵס᳾ͺ˾ˣζûϵֵסǿķħȦתƵ棡
Ѿܽпֲˡ
ռ䣿ʲô
һ˽ʥ̲סʵ
ڸղͯʩչûס
ħȦһλȱĺϻ󷨣϶ʮһλ֣󷨣ϣγиռԲϣӱܣᱻϢԶˣҲ˵ңδܹ⣡
ʦɫأͯӣһ㣬ռ׾پͽ֮ƽ⡣ѿռ䵱һ鲼һȺϳֻҪͬڲϣͲܶܡ⣬𡭡ϾͻһûϵˡռˣռһħȦܹиҲ˳Ŀռ䣬ǰУûκв
⡭
˽ʥȫһ
˺ѿռ䣬ҲԱ˺ѻҪ£
һͯӶôϲŮӣʲôˣ
ˣ°ɣ
һƵ϶ɵķħȦͯٴһЦٴ

᳾ˣҲⲻס׷״Ӹ߿е䣬һɫףѪ
ڴ󡭡
û뵽ǰλ˿£ҼҲ̲סһöУһɾҵգ۹Ǳһ
Ϊǰʹļ壬ڴǿƥһҲƽķʦҲֻܱС
֮ɴż뿪Ϊͼҵ©֮κ󷨣ǰѵ·Ůһû˿ܿԣȻҲûв
˵Ͳһˡ
ռ䣬ռطͲʹãʵһ¾ͻ½ʮ֮߰ˣ֮лиֹླǿУҲҪæңӱܡ
Ҽ೤϶δƷԷһ־ͽѹ׵ʩչ
ҵĻڴ󣬻㲻ҪסңЩ
һЦͯ͵ط

תƶҪ˺ɷĩ
üëһͯʮָſץ˹ȥһ
¡
󷨱񱩵ϢĴҵĻڴһ֮£Ȼֱӳܲסɢ
ʲôֶΣһʩչɣ
һнҵĻڴ˫ֱУͯɫȻĿ
һ˲䣬ѻȸ


1579 ߣԲ
̧ͷеͯӣǼһı顣
ҵĻڴ˲֪ٸֵ֣˲֪ٴνһССͯǰһûס
ôģ
һ׺ʵ
ǿߣĭš
ˡǰ
ʵӦúǣôһӡûУ
Ҳûƾճֵһ㡭
ͯӶôǿλСأ׺ݣ
ʥŷļȫ鲻Խ˿±꼰㡣
ǵʵƽУǲּǿǰвͻᱻûС
һ
㡭
ͯӣУͶͻ೤ֺͼĻҼɫһһףҲͲסתȭ
ʦ֣
Ȼĵƣǲʹãʦڸǰֻܼϣ
˵Ҳ֣˵ͷʦ̧ͷУʲôʱ򣬴½һλǿߣҾȻ֪ˡ

һ˹ȥ
ߵĺܻÿһ¾ͻһâռǰ֮£øȹ̣Ǳһסˡ
ͯӱ⣬ʦĲüëһ壺ʲôˣңӦûûǿ߰ɣ

ʦȭ
ʦͯӻȻ漴ȭǼСʦԼҵ£ʦҪ֣
ʦãά½ȶҴ֣ӢΪʦҲֹ
ʦһЦ
ȻˣǾͶְɣҲҿλ˵еĴ½һˣ׺ʵ
üëһͯ˫ƽʱҪ֣ʱһ
ˣɣ
ؿ˹
ǣ
Ҷ˵ͯһգ»صŮ
ʦƺҲĴɵԷ֣ͣٶ˵
߰ɣ
һҲκζ漴еȫһɣѹϵɢ
ͯӲδˣ˿˵ͷתԶһʺ죬ȴЩãŮ
һۣҲ̲סǰ
ߡԲ𣡡
ĶԲŮ
šֵô峤ԼȴתߣڶԷ˵Ǿ޴˺
Ϊʲô
룬߲ͣƺڶš
У츳˫Ƶ¼ĳţʶ˲ֻ֪ǸûʲôȫУ˼СŮ
ˣʱ޿̶ڱԿ߱ƭˡ
ҡ
֪λش
˺ԷԣıףδӦΪ˵ʹ˱ζûϵֽ֡
˺ȴ˺
մǣȴմǵ
һֱΪǰԶ۹Ĺ
ͣһ£
Դ۹ֱɶ˵ߵȥԶѧԺΪаԶ۹ӦĹ֮ࡣ
ô벻ҳϹϵ
Ϊ˲ҵҽþӡѪΪ䱻ȴûӴεİءˣЩ޷ȫƿأӡ󣬲ʵһЩҲӡؼǣҪʵͻƣﵽһ磬ƿҲǵع֪Σգȴ޷ԭ򡭡
ûֱӻشĻ૵
ͷ
ǰλǶԷҲ³˲١
½ϵȷЩطܹӡ˵ΪѪһһģжô󣬱ȻҪ˺ͺ񵱳ŵĸףӡѪعŵأ޸ŵĸףҹദ꣬ͬ޷
ΪʦѧԺ꼶ѧԱʵ뿪ʥӵʱ䲻һ꣬ԶʦѧԺֻҪʵʦ𹻣ͿԽǰͰ࣬޽
Щ⣬ֻЩʣ㲻
ǾǡСʣ޷ͼ̽飬̽ߣδʾݣѲɡʣͼݶĴ𰸣
ҪˣǾ̫ˣ
ǣͼݣ£ѯʣֻԺѰҴ𰸡
ҵʱжڰԶ۹ңܷӡΪһ£ԶʦѧԺαװһλʦǺܼ򵥵ģݣ˲ңؼǣһҫۣ˿âɣ˵ֻƽˣʲô룬򵥵ֵĻһ
ɫȻ
ܷӡΪѪ޷ѰֶΣðԶ۹дһţǺܼ򵥵ģðԷĹ϶Ҳ⡣
ΪݣںԶѧԺôãû˷֣ɶ֪顣
׹
ԷŵҪöԷҵ϶ҪԼһʵݣͺԼðʦѧһⶫȻͲϸ顣
ϴκ˵Ѿϲˣʵʦ֮ǰһֱΪҵˣᡭ
еĲ׿һҧ
£Ȼ˺ĲǰλǱߣҲͬý
Ҳµˡ
˵ͷ֮ǰ˫ۣˮռʱ
ߣԲ𡭡ٴαȭ
֪Էҹ׵ΪΣóôǧҩˣҲΪΣ뿪ͻȻ֣Լ鷳
ڿӦԴҵ֪뿪ԼȱٽƷżٽΪĿΪ˸ԼЩ
֮ǰ˵ãκְҵѧĺܿ죬ɾ֮һ㣬ʱûôע⣬˿̻ס
ǰλ
ҲףΪ̺ĵع۹ԶʦѧԺ޴ӲһССʦȴַ⣬ҵ
СʣºӡЩ䣬ҲҪһ˸
ҲΪʲôͬڿΣĽٶȣԶɶˣ֣״˿
Դ۹Ϊͻʥ򡭡ӡ⿪Ѫ֮Ҳڲסűҵ˺顣
㡭߰ɣ
֪˼ǰλ꣬ʣһҧ촽˰֡
л
ף֪˵Խ࣬˺Խһתȥ
ߡ

һâʹܣ֮ǰ˵ҳϡ׷װγһŭĿӡ
ߣԶҵĵˣšңѵڣ
Ҽ̲סȡ
뿪ĵˣ෢ģһҲҪնɱ
ҧ
ͣһ£ǰȥ

Ҳ̲סƷٴ˹
ס֣
֣ǹһƣӱ·ˢˢվ


1580 ˻
սӡӱ᳤ҪΪУ
Ҽҧ
Թ֮࣬ǲܣ˭˺ʦͱʬ̤ȥǰһ֣Ŀ硣
˭ҶʦǺΪУӱ·ͬʱǰ
ͷϢһɽ֮ǰ붯ֵ೤ϣ˿ȫͣһҶ
żҡҶԹǲܣҲܲˣ˭Ҷʦ֣ǺΪС
˵úã
νʥҲǰһգս񣺡ʲôҶ֧֣˭ҪҾɱ˭
㡭
޼Ҽɫ࣬תͷһ˽ʥҲ˼
ҡ
˽ʥס
Դϲľ棬ôû뵽ݱǰӡ
ŵģ㵱˶һΣٸίŲţ̴Ŷӣ뿪żңԶҲ
ɣνʥȡ
˽ʥΣȭʵڶԲסˣҪҶӣ
˵꣬һΣվνʥǰ
ţǣǷ̫ˡ
ܺãܺãżҺң׾ѣ
ҧҼҪըȻˣгסռ䣬Ҫżҵӳȥ
ǣ

೤ϣͬʱӵһ֣ɲǼ䣬ܵĿռ䱻󣬶޷ʹã˵һЩռֶˡ
żӵ׼ã峤
Ƕ֣żһλϣҲŴȡ
ȻҷǾûʲôαװģֱӿʼɡ
⡭
֪ˣͲӦùμӵġ
û뵽۵壬գ۹ֳʥŷһɪɪ֪ξ
ң͵ڵżңżң͵ڵҡ
£Σճˡ
ȫס֣
˫սһһС߻ǰ
ˣ
üһöԲ˳ڿһܵķĿռ飬ٴλָ֮ǰģ
飡
֮
һ֣ضѺۣ˲ֱӵѹ
Сߡ
û뵽ŮֹҼż
á
Ҳ֪ΪҪһͷˮ
ף磬λϣҵ飬ϣԼܹ
ۿһ죬߱ȭ
⡭
ŮҼǻŭ𣬻᣺Ҳգίͺ͵˵ȻЩûʲô۸Ůͷϣȴ޶ԣ
лл
˵ͷٴοŰ񣺡ʦ˵۸ң⻰𣿡
ҡ
ס֪λش
ԴǷֱŮʹ۸ô죬ĻشǣΪʦڶǰĳȴ
۸ˣԼҪָ
ҶԲ㣬ӽ쿪ʼżҺҵĻԼʹգ㡭ҲܵԼƣˡ
ͣһ£
ڵȷ޷ŮΨһģֻһǾ˻飬ɣ
˻𣿡
ҡҡͷ룬֪η¶ĿЦϲĶδܹһֱӵУͺ͵ǼĶһþֶΣҲܺԭһˡ˻ɣɡϲǸˣԶٲˡ˱ȽϹִͬ˻飡
㡭Ǻο࣡һΣ˻飬ң棡
֪ǡҲԸߵ
˻飬£Ȼѿҵ滹ڣ̫ˣҪʦĽĳնϣ޲һĿˡ
ȴ޷ܣҲܡ
㡭Ӧ֪ǿ϶Ҫ˵ģ

Ȼ϶أߵĻԼȻҪˣǲΡ
ͬҲԼϲˣί
ǡʦ˰ɡ
૵
Ҳգ
֪Ů϶һҧһżҵ峤ڿУżҼ˵СĻԼ⣬ȢΪޣҹ
쳹ܣĿһ
Сߡ
ĻҼȭͷҲǿ޵ĳˡ
Ȼ˵˶ף澡ǰ϶ˡ
ѾʦܽϢһֲĴΪͨ
ջ峤Զȭ
ҪϢٶͨ£ֻͨʦá
ã
Զͷ
õ£˵˭˭
ߣأ
ЩٴοǰŮһҧתǰȥ
ҵ೤ϣҪеľ飬ջǿסŭ⣬ͣ
ʦ
˼Ůٴ
ͣסתͷ漴ʵ˫дΡ
ǰͲᡣ
˰죬Ż³
ʦԺ󡭡㻹𣿡
ᣡ
ͷʲôʱѧҶ㣡


ʮ Ծʦ


1581 һȢˣ
߸ż˾ͷ˳ǰԻ͸ʵĽһΡ
ΣǳŮˡ
ǣǲԺģ쵶ն顣
ϣ뵢ˣҲΪԼøġ
᲻ã
ؿ
ûлشҡҡͷһֱΪСֳᡭ
֪
ص˵ͷٴλָ֮ǰģΣһֵܷ壡
ղ˵ҪȥһԷ׹˿̲סʵ
ǲڵšκ̺Ԭε˱ץ𣿡΢΢һЦ
۾һ֪ģ
ģҲ֪˭ץˣѾµص
˭
ȭͷ۾
ŵ֣Ƕ֣֪˭Ź
ȷϣδ㣬ȥֹǣ
ص
ֹѵǻץˣһ
ȥһؽͣӦһö
Ȼ뿪һҪֹԷȻҪȥߡ
²һ
϶Ѳ˹ϵ
ǼˣͲҪˣ˶ˣ鷳ҲͶࡣ֣Ԭε˵ʵǲȥĵطΣգҵǣҲȱ·鷳Ҳ׽ؽŵ
ԽԽԣױοż֮ǿһץסΪʽҪЮ
֣˾ʵǿ̫ȥյأ׳Σգ䱻
Ҳãֻǡ뿪ץŵˣٴι鷳
Щġ
İɣʦ⣬ô֣Ҳ޹
΢΢һЦ
Ҳǡͷ
ʦνʥ֣·Լսʦ֣ʥ٣δֵ˺ôץŵˣʵǿ϶Ҳûа취
߰ɣ
û̫ϻ͸ĸ˽һ䣬ֽżҵļ黹žתͺԶȥ
λأʲôˣ
˷ߣνʥҲ̲סʦ
֪ʶΪԨܹϳԷݵĻҲֻ
Ҳ֪пܺ͡йأһ£ʦ
νʥЩ⣬һ˽ʥ廰ʦ˵ĿӰټң
ʦ뿪ãѧŷ׷ʧȻѶݺ˵ļ¼Ʋ⣬ӦǵԶ½һ硣
ʦɫأǰʱ䣬ʦôѶң˵ζӰټҵĺˣҲֹټʦ޷ʣֻǡһţѰҲϵϡλأͻأ֣µͯӣôǿ󣬻ǣ
Ӱټңÿʦ״ؼǿ˵пǡ
νʥȻ֮ǰãû۹⣬ѡ֥飬ȻӰټҵĺˣҾͷˣ
˵꣬һ̡
żңĽ֣żңƱø󣬻öӣһ죬ӵԿʦõ
ǣӲϲҲû취
Ƿô࣬ٴμ棬ֻ˳⡣
Ϊʧܴû뵽ȴӰټҵϵϣ˵ǵûʧȥԺĳɾޣ
鲻Ȩʧ⸱ģ˽ʥҡҡͷżҺʱϣǴ򿪿Ĺؼֳ򲻿ӰĲʦõĲ֣ҪİΣ
˵ʵЩԴˡ
ԴӶһ֣λɷоûһ
찤˵ô²ȥ룬ƫƫȥĸϱС¡Ҳˡ
򲻿ˣҶʲô£ֻϣӽƽƽνʥ˰֡
֮ʣ˽ʥ˦֡
˵һ顭νʥŭ
ˣȻֱʣû¶ۼӦûһʱ䡣ʦߣʱģңСӣɶʦ֣ʱϸ⣬ԴΪأӦû̫⣡
ʦ
Ȼֵò죬ֻҪСûرңͻصء
˵ңΪ壬˵壬ξֻҪϸܹͣġ
ʦ˵ĲͷȰȰӣɷ檣ʲôʵڲУǸСҲˣ㿴ѾͷҲĺˮ飬ؼǣƨ̣ʲôأʲôߣ񲻸ãҽԴϲ
νʥͷ
˵öԣɷ檣ȢһҲν
˽ʥӦͷ
檣ŵģ㻹ȢЦһνʥдɱ⡣
ҡҡ˵Ƕӡ
׹ߣ˽ʥˣ治˵ԼԺҲ˵ˣԣԣҲ롭


1582 Ϫɽ
Ҫȥĵطǵ۹˵İϪɽ
վһͷʥ޵ޱϣǰٷӵİƣؽ͵
Ϫɽһ㶣֪ط
еõǸͼɽ״пʦӰ֣ĳŮԡʱһֱ֪ģѯ࣬ŵõ׼ȷĴ𸴡
ٺһһһֱûȥ
ѲɣǸνĿʦʵµĴ
пܣȻҲң㳲ˣˣǣС
Ȼ֪˵طʹôٶȸ죡֪Ҫȥλã
⵹ã
΢΢һЦ̫鷳ˣҲ̫ȫأ
ǣ
ͯӵ˵ͷǰһǰָһ㡣

ǰŤռҲ۵գ۹γһ޴С
ԽתԽ죬ӰķΧҲԽԽ󣬺ܿĴ̨һγһȶհ׵

µʥƺϰֳ棬趯ֱǰ̨۳˹ȥ
ǿռѹһǲ˼顣
ǿ߿Խռѹسɴ磬һǧ
ΪֻǸ˵û뵽ǰͯӣ־ˡ
㲻ϿռѹǿռһöѡͯЦЦǰĿռ䣬ǿʮȶиɻģʶҲ޷쳣ʵһЩĳ涴ڣֻҪҵͿԾԶĵطӶܾ
ŶƶǶ
Ȼѧܿ飬ֻﵽ˵ؾ磬۷廹кܴľ롣
ֿռԾǹʥǿߣſʹõֶΣأҲǽһЩʥ޵ѪҺټ϶Կռ⣬ŵԳɹ
ؽ͡
ţͷҲ̲סеĺ棺أͣôôǿʵ
ǰλͯӣʮӣȴӵԼʹÿʦ֮Ѫſƥеʵ
Щ˼
Ѫ⣬Сʵȴ˲֪áҡҡͷϼᣬǰһָˣ
æǰȥŷµķʥѾͨд˹ȥһΡɽͻأǰ
ɽƶ˲֪жߣռҲ֪жһۿȥ޴ѹȸУ˺ò̫˳
ǰϪɽɫء
ǰɽ֮ǰͭǷϿģһģһֺ
ֻʵģȻиΡ룬𺳡
ɽ֮УλģҲ̫Ʒв̽
һڿһһ鼮ģĶǰ
ⱾϢһƻõĸоһۣ˵ͻȻоʲôһһˮġ
Ṭ
⴦żǵʦʹӣʥµģҲȷ¹ϵ˿̵Ṭͣζ鼮ʲôĸ顣
⡭
ɻ
ΪṬƿߣĸܵõǰ鼮ĵˮͬһŲɸԨԴ
Ȿ飬ǴṬõģԽˣѰҴľλãеɻص
⡭һ㶡
ʱǰŮһֱһʲôʱδ֪飿
˵УṬڿѰҴıרŽȥΣûû뵽ȻС
ҽṬΪѰⶫ빬һʱ䣬ʱҵģɻؽ͵
ţͷ
ŮִҪһṬȴʲôﶼûҪؼҲû࿴һۣԼˣһֱú֣ԭĿ
ˣ
˵䣬鼮һֱɽϷȥ
ϣ
زٶ˵ϣҲ
ֱϷȥʱ䲻ɽλã鼮ͣ

ϸһۣ˵ͷ
ǵͼУĳ˳ԡĵط
Ȿ鼮Ѱҵû˿󣬴˴Ӧи۵ռ䣬ܹĳżӶ̽ѰνĴ
ȷλãغ򼴿ɣ⣬Ǹץšκ̵ˣһ
һУ鼮ջؽָزδżѰν۵ռ䡣
żҺԼʦøһöȷǻɻ
ȻԷĿǴ򿪿ѾץŵˣҪѰҴʦáżҡĿ֪꣬Ҳаɣ
ϾûǷͼе鼮ǣҲ֪


1583 ص
ʦõļ¼һöʵϲˣ
ûش⣬ǻöӷɿеƫҪҵ䣬ͱȥԿףöĸ
ĸһ
ǣصͷлԵ֪ҵҲ϶УʦȻ´ĸֻһѡҵĸӷԶȥżҡҡʦãӲֱ⣬鷳
⵹ǡ
Ȼ
˵Ķģץŵˣ϶Ѱĸ
üɡ
ֻ飬ܣʦ˿¶֪飬ǰλε֪ģ
أȻ㲻ҵˣǡ׺ݣΪܹ֪ôʦã޷̽أ
Ҳ̲ססŮ裺Ȼһ𣬻ϣʲôһе
ܶԷ˵ʱ͸¶εԺٲֳʲôˡ
ܹǰ֪ӦԣδıʼѣҲһе
ҡ
ƱץҪأŶԷջͣҡҡͷҵݣֻ֪лؼǣһЩ鷳ǳˣ
Ҳ£
Ŀᶨ
֪㲻££ҡͷǰ꣬İɣֻҪҶᶨģһ죬һ졭
Է̬֪϶ǲ˵ʵٶҲã̾ϢԴţǡܸңǲǡˣ
ʳ⻰Ҳ˺ô
ȻǰλҵСᣬӵǿʵôͯӡӰټңпܺйأ
ϾܶԿʦ֪ôֶ࣬Դ½ܣ֪ıʦ벻ܣ
ҪӰټһãڿʦ£㲻ʦҲ峣ڳ
ֻǣӵϣޡ塱ң񼡣
Ӱټңˣ鷳ˡ
ΪʦаⲻҲ֮Ϊ飡
ĵߣ
Ҳǣ
ҡҡͷ֪ǰλЩʲôһЦİɣ£˺κһ壬˺ʦֻΪѰһλףĶ
ף
ţҺСʱ򣬾ʹ˵ĵʱңǣʮֿģǡ
Ŀƺ֪뵽Щʲô˱ЩȻͰˣ˵һ룬ͣȥԸԼ⣬
⡭
޹أ˿æֻǲ֢Ļҽ㲻
ӵͼݣۺֲ֢ܲҵԴʵ޷ƣҲȻҵһõΡ
ҽ⡭ҡҡͷһЦд᣺Щ飬㲻õˣһȥ;ʵõıףǹֵġ
ţͷսŮơ
ԷԸϸ˵ȻжԷĴ㣬ֻҪΥеĵ壬˺£Իȫ֧֣
֮ǰأĵţһĪĸоҲģĶ顣
ڣǸŮ¶ˡ
ɲ֪ԷݣΣֻҪģҾþһŬ岻ݴǣ
ʥسڣͻƴʥǹؼ
ؿ⣬Ĺȫͬøָ㣬ؼǡ˵Ķˣкܴ鷳СԺĳɳγɸλͯӣ֪ʶԨúܶ࣬ʲôѣ໥֣̽ʵкܴ
ţͷ
ҵʱ򣬸ոս׽ߣʵȻﵽʥسڣʵڴ½һ㲻Ҳ˿̣ܵŨŨѹ
żʺʵǿ֣Ϊսӣڴǿκ̡Ԭ·壬ҲӵԶʵ
ʦϺȣʵЩġ
οŮѣһˣʹʦδܹ⡭
Ϊɲ⣡
Ϊѣɽ
ϿԺ󡭡ôչʾ۷磿
ͯأղż˽̸֪ţȻ㵽һ࣬˿ٻ˹
ķΪʥվǣԿռȻͻƵʥسڣҪﵽ۷壬ҪĶѻҪǣԿռ򡭡ЩԿռϵĵãܶа
أȡ鼮˹
䲻ֻʮ꣬˵ٲȻһһʦģ
л
ۼʶԷÿռ֪֮˶Կռͬ죬ӹ鼮ɨһۣ̲סͷ
Щ飬ȻܺܿȣһأȴмĲοֵ߶ӦĻӦÿԲеһЩȱݺ©
㲹һ£ܲܿ飬ٽһͼǰͯӿ˹һء
Щ飬ұĵãѧϰʱһҪϸ΢ʲôģֱѯʣḬ̄ðֻҪúʦ츳һڣʥ۷壬Ҳǲܣ
һ£
һ
ǰô̵ʱ䣬ͻƣȷ˼飬ܶ˶ţҶԿռֻҪϸҵҪȥضܹɣ˫ֱͯ¶ŨŨš
ǣҲǾʱ̣ǡ̫ˣεͷ
̫ˣ
ͯһ㶡
ǰһ£
˵ű۾
¡
һ˲ﵽ۷壬գ۹򣬼
δӭ״ǰԶˣ߽¼ʥعؼ˹ʱɨһ飬Ȼγ
ͯóĿռؼܺǿʥصΪֻǸãʺϵġ
ϴ˽ʥƷ࣬ͻΣޣֻ˲һ롣
˿óûͻơ

ڣӿھڣͣգ۹򣬾ͳ֮ǰΪڽ
վڣ
վڣ

⡢⡭
ͯŵɫףͣôô죿
վǶԿռ򣬼ΪԼŽĶԷһֱͻơ
ңû˿ͣ٣ѹΪ⿪ӡһ
츳ˣ
Ƚ⣬죬ʲô
⸱ӣһصһЦ
֪Էʦ춼Ͽɣٿ죬ҲͲʲôˡ
⡭ҲôⰡͷƤëͯЩץ
¡
δ䣬ͣϢͣһ³ڵȹʥ۷塣
㶨չ
֣˹һЦôûһ°ɣ


1584 ˭ָ˭

ʹҡͷͯ˶ľˡ
ţ٣ǿҲһһ½۷ǿ߽սҲŲֺ
ΪôͳԷˮһġ˵û
ĿʦƺҲѸͣ

ǡҸЩռطŽģ
Ҳ̲ס˹
֮ǰһﲻͻƣոԼԿռ⣬õ֣ûУͳʥ۷ˣԷòᣬܵĳôİɣ
ֻǡЩ鼮д֪һδʲô˿ٽ
ŶЩ©ʵ̫࣬ͷֱۣѧϰ϶ģ˵ͷ
©̫ࣿͷۣ
ֻͷըͯӲ㱬ˡ
˴ս˿ָһ㣬ѹռ䣬Խľ롭۴һ㣬ԿԿռ⣬ҵκһλǿߣҪǿϼ֡
дĶȻ˵©̫࡭ؼһӣ
ð
֪ʲô©ͷۣɷϸ˵һ£
ҲͲסͯҧ
ҪСڸǰ϶һƽļһˡ
Ҳ޷
˵ͷУ˵ռԽȹ̣Խƽ⣬ȶĿռڣֻѰҵ涴ܽԾ򣬾ͻֱѻָ

ͯӵ˵ͷ۵ռ䣬ȹԺܲõ󣬾ͻ½ĿռȹǿĶ࣬ҪƿҲأʲô󣿡
ЩԿռ⣬Ƕǰǰ˴µģѲɣҲ⣿
ˣռʵģȶ
ͯһ㶣ȻʧЦôܣڿռ֮У᲻֪
е㣬֪ˮʣ
⡭
ͯһ
㹻ˮ㹻еϺȷ֪ˮġ
ͺ񡭡ȥһЩеԶԿͣתڵϣȴ˿
ռԳ涴Ҳʣҵеĺۼͺľе·һ㣬˳·ǰռͲκ⣬˱Ҳ˵˳ſռߣͽеһδ˵Ϊε̫죬½İɣ
ͷ
ʵⲻۣǴ·ѧϰ׻괩
׻ڶ̾ڴҳ涴϶Ϳռ䶼Ҫ𶯵ҲϢǰ˺޲ˡ
⡭⡭ͯһ
ʵȻǰλ꣬˵ģȫȷֱֻ߸֮ǰѧ
Կռƿǿģһְҵְҵ鼮ҿ٣˵ۣҵһδ˵֣
ͯЩ̲ס
ԿռǿְҵӦ׻ʦɣ׻ɣ˶ռ䣬ְҵ鼮
ü
֪Կռǿģ׻ʦ
ˣ·֣Ŀռ䴩
ֻǣ׻ʦͶˣʦý𡭡֮ȫϾ·ҲǵǸصأŵõ˴УӶΪǰλְܿҵ鼮
ѵӰټҵĴڿʦûսңӵд鼮

ҡҡͷͯӲδشĻϵĿ⣬ɷһʾ
˵ղǾöԷſڴƻƣһ䣬Ȼ֪ڿռ䷽棬ԷĻҪ̡
⼸УʮȱݡһϿңͷ
ء
ıͯأԼϲλָ㣬õͻƣʵô˵˵ţɺ߸ָˣ
ؼǡأһϿңǳ
⵽˭ָ˭
ˣˡ
˵ʮȱݾʲôʱص˹
ͬʱһ㶣ͣ
ղͣѾķΣ˿ռ䣬˾һ̸ֱҲͬˡ
ǰȥͼ֮ǰĿտɽ֮У֪ʱѾ˼۵Ӱ
Щ۵ȷʦЩƣֻúɫĲɣԵܣһֹ֮С
֮䶯ϸۿ
һλȫ󣬿ʮҡ
ѵǵЩˣ
üëһ
µģӰټҾˣ׿˵ˣôЩȻǺߣ
ȭͷһָʱ׼ĵҺΣתͷԶŮ𣿡
ȱæҡҡͷ⴦żǲ̫ϤȽȥ㣡
ã˵ͷ


1585 Ƚʥ
طҲֻǴͭǷУ֪λãؿռڣʲôΣգȫȻ֪ˡ
ȻȺˣҪȽȥպ̽·ٳ֣Ͽʦ֮ѪֻҪǹʥţȫնɱץ
ʲôط
ߣûж֣ĸˣҲĴ۲죬ƺҪѰ۵ռ׼ȷλá
̽һ£
һǰһһ㣬һ鼮ڿУɢɫĹâ
еǸЩơ
Ȿ飬һŮ
ⱾṬõļһģһ
˵ĲԼҵԵԷҲܡ
ѹ˵ѹȵ壬޷ֱʦ֣ŵԻ⣬Ȼûô򵥡
Ͼ̽鴫鼮ʦãûҵȴõС
ˣ
鼮Уɽе⴦ƽȫɨһ飬ͻȻ͵һ𣬷һͣ

˵ͷ
ţ
һʩ꣬ݰ׾һ˿֮֮ǰˣ֣ͬζ󲻳Ȼŵ˳֣׾ٽѹ
֮ǰ˵壬αװ࣬ʦԱʶڿˡ

ǰһ׾ָ꣬ɣһۻӿ鼮ղҵĿռ䡣
֨ѽѽ
һ̶漴ǰͳһȲĹţеͣת֪ͨʲôط
Сģǵ꡾ȽʥµģССģ׾겢δż룬תͷһ䡣
ͬʱͷ
Ƚʥһ
ʦ״ʮˣҲνġʮʥ
ʵǿʮˣųơʮ͡λȽʥһ벷̹ʥУʵʤһųʮǿĴڡ
˴սֳһ˳ǹʿ䣬ɱȺһһǹնɱ߲
սʦþ
ط£»Ľء
߰ɣ
꣬ٶ˵׾һΣ˽ȥһʧǰ
ʣ˽ϣգ۹ȫʧ
Ҳȥɣ
˽УҪ˺أȥû߳ȥͱסֱۡ
æ
һ£漴Ȼ˼Ƿǣ
ֵδأҪСһЩ
زٶ˵
վԭص˲յĹǰĹͻȻһζղŽİ׾˳һһܣδʲô˿ٴŻιûάֶãɢ
ýļһǾȻź󣬸ղһȥп⵽͹
ɫһ
һƱˣû뵽Ҫţͱ⼸һˣ
ղҪȥ㼤˿ʦ֮Ѫʥ֮޵УȻĴΧ̤Է֮ڣҲѡ
˹Ȼթ
ߣҸ棬ǣҾͲ
һ۾
ʵУһи֣ͱȫδﵽʥ۷壬߿ʦ֮ѪȻܳ
ȥɣ
ܵηӡȡصʧĵط
ǰһͯأһſ͵һѹ
ˣ
͸ղŰ׾һ䣬һĵطһš
Щͯӵ˽ȥʧǰ
ضһۣҲͬʱ˽ȥ
һһ̳һĲԭ֮У壬һۿȥ·𱻴͵һط첻Ѿһ۵ռ֮ڡ
ռȶ
Ǿȡ
ͨ۵ռ䣬Ṭʮֲִڣ̫ǿ쳣ȹ̣ǰ֪ǲ߽ˡ
ԽȶĿռ䣬ҲԽΣգȿȥˣЩ߹·Ӧûᰲȫ٣
ͯأȭ
صͷӦʡ
أתܿȥйâͣҫüͷԽԽ
Σռ࣬󷨺ͿռѺۣвͿ׹УѣҪ
˵Сģͼһ꣬һ̤˳ȥ
߻кǣϣߡ
㡭û뵽ô³çأ᣺̫ΣˣҶûҵԷ߹ĺۼֱӴȥΣա
ȥץͼŮҲһ仰˵ȥ
С㣬Σա
أæڡ
ʵ֪ͣѵҲˣôС㣬Ҳ³çˣ
ۣ֮Ͼǣ
ûС
ۣ֮ɿһۣ֮
ȫһأ鲻ԽĻһ¡
֮ۡԿռôǸ֣ǣ
ôоλ֣ڶԷǰʲôԽУأ


1586 ˮ
˻ǰ
Է߹·Ȼû̫Σա
⼸꣬ŵʱûκ˿ǹˣΣգҲܾûܹ˾裬ܺۼ̫ԣ֮۵ҫ£Ǳ˳ҵ
˵ʵȻǿ󡭡
ɫء
Ҫ֮۵ΪӶӣЩǳĺۼѿ
ûôڣʵжǿ
±ȲʦҲ̫ˣ֣ǰ߱ذɣ
ΪĶģҲѹšκ̵ˡ
壬ҲǷ֮۾
ΪʲͬǿܴﵽʵģҲ̫࣬Ȼ岻صס½֮⡣
ȫնɱĻƶ˵ҲԪˡ
ǰսĺۼ
ǰһʱ䣬ͯأ˹ȥ
æϣǰµĺۼݲƽƺһս
ԣ
¶ɻ̲סڣĺۼսͬһԴҲ˵һûжµκκۼ
֮ó۲ϸڣطңʵȴһͷŶɣҲڶλģ
ѵǡü𣬿˹þ
һƴͷûжֵĻֻһֿܣǾ˻þ޷԰Ρ
ṬҲˣһУͽ˻þҵƻ˶Уһֱߵ뿪
ǣͯأ˵ͷȭãԷʵʮΣաС㡢ʦţ취ҵƻ󷨣ټǰУ
СЩסԷֱ治壬˵ؽ
ţ
˵ͷأһҧصһǰȥͼղ֮˵֪ʱѾǰ棬ڵ͵һ̤

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ͷƤըأæǰ˼ʶ˺ôһᣬȷ󷨵ȷѾƻûκΣˣ
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æתԶ꣬˶ץˡ
ռԼ̣ԼãҲ̣ҲôԼûҵģѾˣʵ̲ˣ
ɶ㲻
ҪҪôӣ
ô˵ĸоԼǸСԷǼʶĳǿأ
С㡭
æС㿴ȥҪķӦȴƺ֪ǰλӵֱһ㣬ϴŵЦ⣬˿⡣
Сû˵ʲôȻܣأǲٶ˵ڶԷǰ
û߶ãһǰ
ˮƣ峺ҲôʣԶԶȥ쳣
һۣأһȡһƷʥ˽ȥ
̣
һ˷ʥܿʧںˮУ׸ʴɶûʣ¡
ȡһƷʥˮУʮȡҲڵĺۼǱһ㣬Ҳ
ǡˮмǿĸʴԣƷʥУᱻ̸ʴɾƷʥҲֲ˶ã˵Ϊмǿ𺦣һ׹УԪ񶼻ᱻĥԻָ˺
ȷأɫء
ˮһɻ
Ȼ鼮ܶ࣬ⶫȴδ
ţһγɵĶҲлȪˮʥǿߣմǣҪǰͱɹϿգʴ޷еģǡ
أͣһ£ǣܽһͨš
ͨţ
ã
ֽһţҲ̫鷳˰ɣԷĸôȥģ
ͨģҪɹ׹䣬ƶУܹͨǰ֪׼ĸ׵ڤ֮ı
أͣڤͨһͬڵˮдУ׹䣬ֻⶫʧˣ
ˮƷʥܸʴ˵ڤȴͨУѲɣǴʥı
档
ҵ죬ͨ˽ʥʦϸģҲ֪˲顣
ʥΪƷƷƷƷϣǴʥ𷨱
ʥûƷ֮ķֻּһ𣬵ΪŲַͬͬҲܴ
ֻĿǰΪֹûôıҲۡ
ȻԷ˵ڤܹȹˮѲɡּı
Ȼܿǰⶫĸʴ
˵᲻ţǴʥıǡ
أҡҡͷЦһֽڤһֽ


1587 ܺú
ֽһƷʥ޷⣬ֽôܲʴ
ǲţ̫˼
Ʒʥǿ֪ĺģʥ۷壬޷ƻЩˮ֮Уȴֲ˶ãֽͨ˶˺ƣ߸ͬһϡ
Ҳ֪Ҳⲻˣԣʵ벻ڤ췽ⶫ˵ǵʦģطʧʦÿ¶ûУ
أҡҡͷ
˵񲻹ȥӣ
ü
ͨһ־֪Ӹӣֲ֪ڤ췽ǰĺûκΰ취
ֻɵţ
ǰûȥҲѣԴʲô㣬Ҳû취
üͷأƺҲûκֶΡ
⡭
ԶأȴҲҡҡͷⶫȷ̫֪ͨһЩڵʵʩչǸӣ
ҿûн
ĸѾͨǼﵢ󣬿϶һ£ǰһˮǰָ˹ȥ
ˡ
Ȼָȥأһûιȥ
ֱǲҪ
ȥͼˮͻȻ¶˹Ź֮ɫ˫ĺڣ۾Ź⣬תͷкͦúȣһ𳢳

ǰһڣأûιȥ
ǵˮ˼壬ĻȪ֮ˮֻҪ룬Ȼֻأ
ǰһˣڡ
ҪҪô
ģǲЩԹˣ
ֺһڣˬͺҺһ㣬̲ס
Էⶫ˵ĹĪ⣬ʥǿ߶η֮Ыһ£оûʲô
ͼҲ̽ˣҲûԷ˵ôֲ
ûΣգζòԼԼ˵̫˰ɣ

Żˮһ㸯ʴӶûУҲûܵ˺أҲЩɻѲɡԼϴˣ
̲סǰָҲС
̣
һĵʹæóͼѾһأһᣬûˡ
ǿסʹüëһ£תͷˮвͣ꣬оҪˡ
Ǹָָ߸ָ֡ŷŽȥͱʴɣԷһ¶ûУ
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ԡ⣡
ƣϸȥͻȻüͷһ壬¶֡
ʲô⣿
ֹͣϷ˹
ȾƷʥʹʥĲླȣǲ˲֪ٱԷָȥͱʴȴһ㲻Ӱ죬Լû㶮ô¡
֮УӣЩ׵磬ס˻ˮĸʴأɫء

ˮڵ£䣬֮ǰĹȻҵҡ
أţֻǡͻ֮ô̺ƽ£
ȻߴӳϾʼҪ׽٣ֻǱ⣬һЩ׵繦ĳǿߣҲܽɼˣ
ǻǣʮԪҲη纮η档
ǰλʥûﵽɻȴҲв̺æֵˮϮ⡣
ԭˡ
Ȼ
£һֱ׻껹Ѿ׵磬ˮηĻԼȷ˸ơ
ȻܿЩˮɶɹȥ
ô£۾һ
ǰĵˮкµĶٻȻη壬ٲҶǽϮ
ٻ
أЦ̲סҡͷĵͻܽɡ˭ͻƣһ򲽽ɹ֮ˣԿⶼû취ԿǰĻˮ˳ͨ
ǰλʱܴҲʱ˵ֺͺһһ㶼ף
ߵĳͷɹˮ˵Σ
û£򵥡
ԷĵЩҡҡͷһһͷʥ޷˳裬ɢ˵Ϣ
ޣ
Ҹտˣˮͻкܴڸ㣬ģǰĻˮ̼ЩѨӦÿԳ߾硭
̧ͷǰŵޣ
ޣ̺֮ҪܽǰĻȪˮԷϣȻʴԶҲкֺֻܴҪԼã벻Ч
˳ͻƵʥҲδ֪


1588 ָ׽
ʥʥһѹأ˵ǵһ㣬ʥ޸ˣûоѪܳɹͻƣ׽٣㡭ģ
أЩץ
׿ײװ
ʥҪôͻƣҲסӢ۲ſһԽˡ
ʥޣѪҪ󼫸ߣҪѪб仯УʽȻͬõˮ
ĳ
תͷС㣬Ȱһ£ֲ׵Ϊȴ΢΢һЦɫȻĿ˿ú֣ŨҵΡ
ôƵ£ҲΣ
ҧݣ꿴ȥͼѾʼ˶һβγһֱߣ棬ԶԶȥһ㳦
һУȻһץһᡣ
̣
ˮ̽˺ϣƬʴĳڡ
ɶΪ޳裬ⲻǰæҪŪ
أ̲סҡͷ
ȻԿͷʥޣ޳裬Ȼô
ΣȴŪӲҲҪˮʴ湻ùġ
Ȼп̲סȥͼλ޳ˮбʴ񫣬ȡʮ͵ز˹ȥ
ڣͻˮϣǴ̼ʲôѴﵽʥ۷ʥޣһĳ鴤Ƭ̺󣬿񱩵Ӷ
һ˲䣬ڵѪˮ¹һ飬ӾҲõ˴գ۹򣬾񲻻ľ磬г̡
¡¡
һƺߣǰۣ˺ѿռ塣
׽٣
һΣأ۾Ҫۿеɳͷץ˺ö
ΪǺ֣ôûϵͷͻˣޣܿ㳦Ƶͻơδţδ
ֻǡɶð
Ҳ޷ɹǰĻˮ
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䣿
յζһ£Թ֮һ£һ޴׵ӹǰһ޴
ߣ
ֽջ۵ռ䣬һ̤Ϸ˹ȥ
ҲУ
أˡ
ѱ޵ġѱ˵ġɴδѱ׵ġ
ǰһĻ߸
߰ɣ
𾪵Ĳ֪ǺãС𣬽žͿҲ̤׵磬ȥ
ˡ
Զ֪˿̲𾪵ʱأҲͲסϡ
ɫ粻ϻζǺɽٲͬûһ˺һ֮С
ڣ·ĻˮҲԹԵĲ˷ˣԶԶȥһƬƽ˾
ûڤͨţطܹȥô벻˳ɡں棬ɾøһ㡣
ʦ֪٣Ҳ֪츳ǿ֮ˣɡģû
ʦҲ
ᴩˮʱ䲻˾԰׵ת΢΢һЦȻȥɣ´㣡ˣղŻ׵ʱٶ̫ȱ̫࣬ǿ´γչңúָһ£Ҳ
䣡
һΣƺЩš
Ҳܽ
ƺ֪ɻ˫ֱһģĵ˵ͷƾ棬ۡһߴȱݣԹԺһὫЩ㣬ķ
鷳˼Сٽ٣Ҳ˼ղܲʱͼݲ̽һȻ˺öȱݣпˣæָ㣬ҲԷ˶ˡ
ϣ
⻰д˷ܣŻɢƬ̹ʧǰ
Ļ㻹ܡΣ׽ٹ뿪˳ӵĺСϱһ㣬أץͷ
ţȽϹԡͷ
ԣ
أһѪ
һߵĿǣÿеģ֪Ǿη־壬һۡԡ
⻰ȥ϶ʿȫ衣
Ҫǹԡ»вԵ
ûȱݣ۵ĸ죬񲻱ʾиʿУ
ҲͲסأ
ȲһﵽģؼǣҪָȱݣǿߣɽ񲻸ѣ
ڶ֪УԺ󡭡˭
޷һָԳͷ˵ȱݣʱֻ˾ˣҲšЦŵͷ
㡭
û뵽һ޳ܣأͷƤը˵Щʲôص
쿴
ٹ˲һæתͷ漴һڲԶϿա


1589 ռɳ
ŲãԶϢ·ﲻ֪ˣһֺʷĲɣ
ӦȽʥµģдһ棡ص
һ֪ܹͨ죬ֶ̺ΣʥҪĪǳԿʦλǿѧ֮֡
˵ͷȥ׽ٵ£֮䶯ܿȥƬ̺ɫأۼֹ⣬ĸˣѾȥˣҲɣ
֪¸ҪҲ˵ֱǰĹ˹ȥ
벻ԶҲʮ๫ģһᣬʱ쵽˲Ծǰõٶȶ죬û˿
ѵ˻þɫÿ
ڽµĽأ͹ǽƣôߣԭأβҲ˰ɣ
ǣ
Ҳ쵽⣬ü𣺡ûӦǿռɳ
ռɳһͷˮһأƺҲ̫ס
һ伮пƵĽܣռɳһͬɰģռ䣬һͬĿռ䣬ҪдУͻˮһ㣬ǰԽ죬Խ죡ʵǿҲֻԭͣ޷ǰֺҲ˵ǿУռɳڵĿռ䣬ģ޴Ȼͺţһǰˣ
ؽ͡
£Ȼ
ռɳûһͣ׹ڣͺ˻У̥תҲڴתٴҲֻԭأ޷ǰ
ֺûĦı棬޴ԽӣԽ߲
ȷ޷ǰǡͨģ
أɻ
ǶɲȥǰˣñǸǿô˳ͨ
Ӧýĳַס˿ռɳͺӵ̵סһֻҪռɳʣҪȥѡص
ǽռ涴ԾȥͿֱӽ빬ڷɹȥˣ

֮ǰأʹطռԾϰľ룬գ۶ɹﵽʮ๫ӦøΪ򵥡
ռ涴ԾʹЩƣȷþ̣Խռ䣬ռɳͲȶһʹÿռϵط»ռĻ¸鷳
üͷ
ռ񲻻ǿУԱȫҪǣ룬Ҫڸ鷳
˵û취ȥ
ҡͷ
ɲȥռԾҲû취ʹãѲɹǰȴֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ
ҲǣܺǼһסĿռɳͬɽ룡ص
סռɳ
һأ
λԿռǿҵǿߣ˿а취
ҵľ飬ǿɡڣ϶Ŀ⣬أҡͷ
飿
棬Եɺ֮£ŵõģжסռ䣬ȶãǰĿռɳһֱⶫڣ϶Ҳֱӷأͷ
ô
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˵С飬ΪʵҲΪ£δ佻֣УǸϲƺʦСѾͷ
֪ⶫ
Ǻңҵĸоλߣܷ˺ܶ࣡Ҳ˵ͷ˵ЩûãڲȥңҲˣ
⵹ǡ
Ρ
ǿڸǰҲá
˵˵ôƤٺҲ˼ȥ˼ҵ֮
˵𾲿飬ҵˣˣ
ͻȻ廰˵һ룬أЦͣ
ʲô뷨˵޷
ʵһʥԿռ⣬ԴԾ飬ģǷȶռ䷽⡭⣬ܶʱڣȶǰĿռɳɷɹȥ
أֻɣοռ䣬Ƚ֮ѡڵĶԿռҲǻ˲֪꣬о˲֪ٹżųɹġ
⡭ռֳءաͻ𼸸ĻҪﵽ־磬⣿
ͣһ£һ£̲ס˹
ֳ⼸ĻﵽĸҲǴ쾳磬͵⣡˼һ£أ
ĸ
۾һǲٴο˹ĿдŻȣղ˵оٹڿռĹżûдŵģȫóҿ


1590 ܿ
飿
أһһã֪ǰһҪʲô
ۣռɳѣ˳빬ӶѰҴȴҪ˽Ҫͷ顭
ҪҪôҵ
ʦ޷Ҳ޷ˣǡһ£뿪ɣ
Ҳ̲סһεѡ
˵ʵҪСϲһһˡ
ʲôҪʲôҪû
Ϊ뿪Ҽҵ˶ѪҲʩչռط㽫ڿռ鼮Ҳ鿴һҵƵֱ⣬Ŀǰľ棡

׶ԷĻأûѪ
ԭһ
湻쿪ģ
ǿסҪըŭ𣺡ʦ֪츳ܺãǡռ䷨෨ѵģռ⣬ϼѣţһû˿չ
ռ䷨ôҲңڴ½ӵˣ
ⶼû취ˣſ顭Ϊռ⣬Ǵײ˰һһ
˵϶İ취鼮ǣ
˵ͼһü
ǣ
С㷢أҶ˵һ֮ǰѲ֪Ѽ鼮ȡ˳һͬһСɽ
һó鼮һ߸п
治֪һСʲôԻô
Էĸ飬Ŀһɨ鼮սͼݣԺУܿںϣԼɽǰһװĶ
õ鼮أüëûѪ
ֻƤһд֣ռš
ſšȿ⣬Ҳˣ
ƣСڸǰһţҲû취ֻǿסŭ⡣
֪һҪƵıըȫʶ֮С
֮ǰλһЩڿռ䷨鼮ܿںϣѾֲȱˣ˿ô鼮ںϽܿش죬ʱȱﵽ
죬Ǵ۵ռ䣬ȶĿռ䣬ܹµĿռ䣬ȻҲܹȶɵĿռ䡭
鼮еԺ۾
ܿ磬ֱءաͻ
Ϊʥ˵ȼӦ𣬲죬ڲףԷûŪ
죬ֻǴµĿռ䣬СĿռ䣬Ǻʦ½һȶ磬һգԾ
һ㣬׻꣬ҲԲ涴ɴ
ﵽ־磬Կռ˼£Ĵɣʵ
ֻ־Ѵﵽ㵱ʱʥؼʱҲһ֪⣬δ״ɡ
ڲҪأؾȫ㹻
һصԺһ顣
֨֨
ڵһⷽʽת·һ˲䣬ڵľҲ۲첻Ҳˡ
ԭˡ
ܵڵı仯һӿͷ
֮ǰͽܿ˵أ֮ΪӣԿռҲԭԽǿȻܿеķ⣬ȫͬȴҲศɵá
˿һ򣬶ʱеʶͣ죬ԿռƿҲԽԽӦ֡
Ŀռ䣬ɷ䳲һĿռѻһȶĿռ䣬ȶģ½ʯȥҲ̫仯ǰռɳɳһһܵͻ䡭
ǰĿռɳҲ˸⡣
ռ֮ȹ̣ΪѹȣϸСĿռ䣬һ𣬺ľмѹ۳ɸǿȸϰһ
ǰĿռɳʮɢͬһԲмͣվסˡ
Ҫֻȹ̡
߸һأ¶֮ɫС㣬ȥҲǰ취ЩѾ˴ҪҵǾûκΰ취ˡ
ţѵ취
ϿκżһȻؿ
û취ǡ
Ŀһأƺ뵽ʲôҧҧ
УᾪѸˣֳĶ
ҡҡͷİɣȻ˵а취Ϳ϶а취

һأ̲סڲſʼѧռطõǻţ⣬֪Ҫ꣬»ƻ˶ˡ

δ䣬һ΢
ǿռɳôз磿
۾ȻԲ
£ռɳ֮Уӣһ磬ôͻȻ
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ûô£͸еռһζֱǰ۶ȥ
һ̣۾¶΢Ц

һȣߵĿռɳ˲ȹ


1591 ˷ܵҴ
⡢⡭
һΣأû޳
˵һѧƻ˶ˣգ۹ʩչסռɳ
ҪҪô죿
ֻϻģҪеط죬ֱӾȥˡ
Ǹָָ߸֣λʦӴʱ䣬ĴˣÿһΣͷת򣬲֪һ˾ȣһȻ˭֪һһ㶼ǿ
û˿ȱݺ©һ㣡
ɺüΡȥûˣ
ֻǡһﵽôģ
ֻһռţռ⣿
ѵĴɲаأⱾϣ
ԺҲҪúоһⱾˣҲʵһ
ռɳѾסˡ
֪룬ֽе鼮˹
ţ
һЦһֱǰȥιȻԽԽ
أæҵĽ鼮סǰⱾ飬ӵŵ£ῴһۣڣ»ˣˤˣŪⱾؼ˶Կռε⡣

ҡ
ͨӵܣݡ
ʢƵĵȱλ
ǵֵգɨӣȼ㣬иֳļʽ
Ƕ˶ˣԺ뷭ˡ
һӵܣһɥ߱ҡͷ
ǰңӽʱܹ裡ұߵǸ꣬Ҳȭͷ
峤˻飬ڴԼ⣬Щˣô죿ӵ̾Ϣ
ڻ峤δ䲻û𣿡ߵ
ûУΪҪѪƿ˾顭峤ʲôӵܣ
ζôˣҲϣ峤ҡͷ
ϣʲôãڵĹ涨ֲǲ֪Ѫﵽһ磬Ե峤ʵµĿռ⣬ͬڣֻѪռ⣬ˣûܹ򡭡ֻ˭
ӵҡͷܲܣΪ£ıɣ
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˻ȭͷ˵ͻȻеµĵһζüëһôˣ
ݣȥ
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ս뷿䣬˾鲻ԽĴԭء
ֻһֱվԭһ񣬴˿̲֪ʱתԶ¶΢ЦƲıһ˸ƽڡ
λҲƺʲô˾η飬һͬʱڵϣɪɪ
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⣿ѵ᳾ɫһ䡣
ĵɣܸõƿؼʩչڴ似ҳ꣬Ҳֻһɹ˿˵ңٴָտɴ
Ǭ۾ԽԽæתͷԸȥ飬һλϻߵӣ⣬ҵ̾мλ䣬ȷΪ


1592 ʦֽ
ǣ೤ϣͬʱͷˢˢķ˳ȥ
ռ⣬ڶԿռﵽ۷壬дǿ򣬼ٴˣϰ
ؼǣܵ裬˵˻棬Ҳء
˶֪ǸļһܾңǶô޴һ¡
ϣҲ벻ǵôͻưɣǬĿһҵλȷһ㱨
ռķ⣬ĵֶΣֻҪΪﵽżСţʲô
ǰɱһͷ֮ޣҲ¶
ǺѣԷȴ˼̤ҵϣ

ʱ䲻ǰȥѰҵ೤ٴη˻
峤Ϊﵽվϵǿߣȫһ飬⣡
峤龳ӵܣҲȫѯһ飬û򣡡

೤ϽϢȫ˵һ飬һʧ䡣
˵Ȼ򣬾ڵߣȫѯˣδ˭쳣ˡ
ûУôûУռ䷨һ⣬ģϼѣûѪʹУƤëѡǬš
ܹ֮ɹΪԵɺϵõ˾飬ֻʥĴСԼģ˭ôԵ
ǽչصҲټѯˡ᲻ᣬ˲ҵģ᳾
ҵˣ϶֪ʲôңҲԼ֣ɶûУλȱݷˣҡ
ھͲ飬һҪҵλҵ취£ң¡ǬĿһ
һ㶡
⣬ҵйڿռܣڶԷǰûڣ£壬Ϊˣ񲻸ڼȣԣֻҪʲôܴӦҪȢãҲǣ
Ǭһڡ
ǡż
ûпǣúλѾѣκοܣȻˣһλռģҲܽѹż֪ҡҪһվڴ½۷壡
ǬĿһҪǣ֣ܽݺݴ֪ŮʲôˣͿ۸ģ
Ĭ
ȻòҸƽȷǴ֪ߵغ÷Ҳˣⱻ˻˵ϡ
ռķ⣬ʹþ飬Ҳȷϡ
ˣôˣ˿ȥѰңֻҪҵ̻ȥ룡
Ǭһ˦䣬ٶ˵
ǣ
೤Ϸ׷׷˳ȥ

û˿ռɳǰٶȼ죬ʱ䲻˾ǰ
ϵǰʵĽݣ̧ͷȥ
ͯģʯ񣬳ķ٣һӵţǸ
ǰϣ֣ϿգϬϢ˿һۣ͸оʱǹɱ˺ɷĩ
ּͯɱˡһ֮С
Ƚӵ
һأ˳
ӦȽʥд
пһͷ
ֵ黭磬̫ߣȴһָԶ֮У֮λʥ£û
ҡҡͷǰּͯӣһ
ʡ塢ǡţǡǰ棬ʦӣȻʥµżЩòҪ

ڸոսһζֱߵʯͯӣ۾һЦ˹
Ƚӵ˵ʵܹ룡ҪУͨˡ
ʯͯӵ
֪ʲôˣ
ȭ
ȽʥϲַڣԣҪܼ򵥣һսһͬʤǣͿԽ룡򣬻ԭ·ء
һͯƾ

ϵ֣ӿ£棬һΣòͬɫ׵ıʿ
⡭Ǿȡ
ԿȲǿҲʲôֻûɣڵ⣬͸¶֮ǰһۿȥҫķâ
ʦֽ
⣬һؽ͡
ʦֽɻ
ʦڣʦ֮ģʦֽʲô
˵УʦԽľֵʽЩ֣ɽ˽սΪλǿ£ԣӵλǿߵսԿ⣡
ص
ӵλǿߵսȽʥµּ񲻱ʾӵս
ͫһǺȻ


1593 أĿ
Ƚʥųƿʦսǿĵһӣʵ֮ǿƿֲ
ʦֽսͬҪʤôף
Ҳûôţʦֽ̺дߵս飬ս˲Ϣ䣬֮ǧܷͬӳʥһͺܲˣ
⸱飬ЦЦ
˵ˣ̺ȽʥľҲֻһְˣûôֲ
Ҳǣ
ͷˣ˭
ɣ
أǰһСʦ̽·
ţҲ˵
λأʮ꣬ʵţõģպÿԿһ£Щʦֽжǿ
ʼɣ
ʯͯӼ˳У˵ͷȽֻĽǰһΣϵϢգ۹򣬾ʹﵽ˴ʥ𣬺أһģһ

̲סп
һд֣ȻΪһսš
ѹֿʦױʣֻҪһݣΪ֮񣬿ﵽʥÿһ֣ûô򵥡

꣬ûκԥһΣһǹģֱأ˹
ǹδǰĿռ䣬ͳѺۣ͵أؿڡ
ǹ
۾һȭͷ
ûУһֱ֪
֣ǹڵģǹ⣬Ѵﵽ˼ľ磬ĳǹȻûԼļȴҲҪһ־ͻգ˲佫˵ľöӱܡ
úã
ҲеĿ£أһЦҲָ̧𣬱ֱǹӭ˹ȥ
£ָԳǹأָ⣬һתֻҪǹ֮һͻ̽У׹ռ뱻
ָ֪ɫûκα仯ǹ͵һ̧
һ±Уû˿ɺˮ·֮ǰֻУɱС
ˮҪһĹ
һ±У֮һˣ
̾
ӵͼݺۣ֮ɿֵ©ˣڱһ;ϣϵڶû˸ҳϵһһɡ֡ɵĽˣȻӵ֮һʮֲֿ
٣
ıоȣأƺȣǰָ͵һ
ˣ
罣ָ磬ָպǹ֮ϣһǹֶɡ
⣡
塰һˮɢٴαһȽ֣ɻ˺ҡ
ǿ
ٴοأ۾
ͬĵսֻ֣ǿлܣҿӣƺûʩչȫλأʵ²֮ǰô򵥡
ȱݣ
һ
֮ǰҲùͼֻ̽ǣÿһεŵڶ̽ˡ̽̽ߵͯӣ㲻Υɣ
֪һ˭ƳصݣӦúܼ򵥡

ͼһζδ鼮֡
ô£
һ
λأպͽս꣬תڻʹ似ͼݻֱӳ鼮ʾʩչȱݡôһ㶯ûУ
Ӧð
ѲɡͯӣҲʣ
ͫһ
ͼ޷ѯֻһֿܣǾǡԼһʣ֮еǸ
ʦ½ǿߡĿǰΪֹҲֻλʣһԼڶߣȻ֪˭ʮ֮˾žǰء
ΪŮѣͼͬû취鿴ʦҲ㲻
Ȼ˴£Ȼɾʦϸܹڣû㵽ѰԼ˵һС
СʵҲˣͯҲǡδ̫˰ɣ
ɶʱʦ޷ܵʣ˲ֵǮˣ
ͼݸˡʵڲУȥʦһˡ
°ͣ˼
ΪһֱӣͼݣѾþûôˡ
ȻһҲڿ󣬻ܹʲôͬ
ͼν֪ɣһΪһԣΪͷʦ
һΣ֪ԭ򣬵ǳͷʦʮּ򵥣ʵڲУһᣬȥʦᣬתһȦͼݵȻٴαܻ֮ӿ죡
ȻⶼǺ󻰣ΣȽǰľ˵
̧ͷǰȥͼأһۣһ˿ӣҪ˵ʲôûпڣһΣ˳ڶɣ


1594 һս
ɣ
һΡ
ղֻоأˣˣȻǱԣôŮԼһ࿴š
˭һ
ʯͯһȻں˭˭һУڶӡֱɵĽǰһ
Ȼһ֣սˡһܽȫܣǲǣͲóˣ
Ƥһ̧
һ˶ս֣ʯͯһ㶣漴𣺡ȷ
Ȼ˵ͷ
ղŵһأսϸˣͬ£ʵˣûеô£ʤʮּ򵥵ġ
ȻˣͲ鷳سˡ
ʦֽԽʵԽǿĪ⡭
û뵽Ҫս֣ü
޷ֶѣһ֮
һЦš
ǺãСġ
⸱飬زٶ˵˵ͷ
ʼɣ
ŮһЦǰһ˲䣬Ϣֱ졣
ЩӢš
⸱ӣأ
һֱ֪СôˣΪλϲļһ˿̿ΪϲŮӣͦһս֣һЩ
һȻЩϲװϲˣؼʱ̣ͦ׵ġ

ǰûжķϻͷҲɲǼ佫Ϊѹ͵ʥ۷壬һһҹõȻͬȴͬһһ㣬ϵȱȫ׼òȱݣԶ

ͷһȻȸղŵġȽָӿ£ţһЦǰһ㡣


ܵĿռ̱֮ǰƺзĻȫڿУ˵ĹҲ񱻱ںˮе㣬޷ǰֺ
ж׹Ļ˿ҲͣڿУڵϡ
˷⣬ʥǿߣ޷סͬ𣬸Ѳ
˵ͬʩչ޵С
ǣԷҲͬĿռ䷨򣬻ߡӵп֮硭żҵʱ䷨
ɢ˰ɣ
һжסλһָ뽫ɢʯͯӾȵʥĿռԭӵĴˣ飡
Ŷ
û뵽ʯһϳԼת

иһɲǼ䣬ռͣһ̣ڿеĹٴ˹
Ǻǣ
һЦҲкζĹͻȻת䣬壬ϿȥһʧڿУӰ١
ǽռ䡭
أ۾Բ
ǱģҶԿ೤ϷħȦ󷨵ռ䡣
ʱڣΧĿռŤӣ㹥ˣҲ˺ֺ
ڵʵУʮּ򵥣ʥ۷塭ɣ
ǰһȴˡ
⣬УʩչҲڴ鼮涼ϸ⣬ʩչٶΣǰһȣ֪Щͺͺѧһ㣬һǵʦ
ͬһȼ
ѧᣬʮӣЩһӵģ硭ô£
ɻһʯͯӣƺҲ˲ԾüͷüЩ⣺ӵķռ䣬ǿ󣬵ʵʩչ˳˸Ҳɣ
ӵķռ䣬ǺҲû̶ֳȡ
ŶʥķռطЩ覴ãҾ˳޸һ£ͷ
ܿȻǴ½۷ؼͼݵ£ȱ̫ˣȻͬն
ǰߣռ䣬Ҫʱӳ٣Ҫ
ޡޡ޸ģ
ʯͯӻû˵أˤڵء
ۼǰλͻƵģΪѧᣬѾ졢ײˣζû뵽˼Ҳѧᣬòã˳޸ˡ
ؼ޸ĳɹøǿ󡭡
ô죬ûûԣ
ѵⱾţô
˿һۣʥľжĶ
Ҫȥ֮һҪúѧϰúоˣȡһҲӵĿռƿ
޸ģ
ʯͯӣҲЩţ漴Ϊʦʦ汲񣬲ŵԳɹģٶʣȻӵĴУȻʸ룬룡
˵깪ŵȥ
֨ѽѽ
һǰǰرյĹţȻ򿪣һɲãӵϢʱ


1595 ʯ
߰ɣ
ʯ߽ȥкһ̽ں棬ǰȥ
ڵƻ̫ͨһҹʯϿգܣıյķ䣬ͬ硣
ͨڣŹϵּдһЩ¹淶ԼǱ׼
㲻˵ȽʥЩʮ⣬ôʯͯӸǰɻ
ռͯӵʱ˵ȽʥԸڹأ⣬ôдЩ
Ϊעأܵ˿ʦָ𣬲ʱ̽ǣʯͯӵ˵ͷ
Ȼ
ʦԣʡȽʥЩÿ춼Թۿʡˡ
֮ǰǲĸˣѾͨ˿ˣ
һ£ѹ
ǰĸˣڶûټѲҲͨ˿ˣ
ʵǿС£òλʦһսѧµż˶ֱ治
ҪҲ̫ʧˣ
ǽȥˣδܾʻʯͯӦһ
֪õʥĴк̬Ժ˲١
ͨˡǡʲô쳣ü
ֱʣԷûɱ¾֮
쳣ʯͯҡͷûУǶйоصĻʦֽңһ˻óȹʥı
ȹʥһ
ȹʥǿʦ£ʮ֮УóֵĹʥ벷̹ʥȽʥħʦܹܴĹͣˣһֱΪʦ
ĸˣȻı
ܹʦ½֣ҵʦö޷֪żóȹʥıȺˣ׼ʮϸ
ɫء
˵ս˫ˣ岻ٱʧǾΪУҲǺġ
ֻû뵽Щι׼ô㣬ͯӣû쳣
ղŹѯʣԷ¶ţԳûʯӣ˵˷һһңòʧ
ѹܽŵץߣһϢûй¶⼸һȻûô򵥡
ˣ
𾪣һæ̧ͷ漴ѾһĴ
ԲΣȫŻ飬ϰٸ֮ࡣ
оʮţвͬĿ飬ÿֻһѡĻᣬֻܽһ˳ͨܵﾡͷҵҪĶ޷ͨ˼ֻʯһֱľ
һܣʯͯӿ˹Ҳ˵ʮţѡˣͨˣˣԸ
⡭Щţѡ񣿡
һУһʱ䣬ɣʯͯ˵꣬ޱ顣
֪һﲻʾءأһۣԵͷͬʱǰȥ
Щţȫʯͷ̶ɣһģһκηֱתȦĻղŴѰ
ֱԹһ
һȦЩΣɶҲһеͺۣ֮

·и֣æΧȥ
ȻĸѾ˹Ǿ˵ǼпܺԼһѾѡ
ЩˣܹҵҵҽȹʥıﶼЯҲǰ֪ҵΪȫ׵Ż
ţôûкۼ
ܿ죬һܣüͷɸ
ΪһҵЩ˿û뵽ĸˣ͵ץʱһûκκۼʲôѯ
ˣȻǿˣǲ㿴ʲôģʯҲ˵ˣһֻܽһҲ˵ѡǽʯţҲ޷룡
ƺ뷨ش
⡭ס
ȷ
ȻǿˣôôԵ©ϾѡֻҪ룬֮Ķ϶ѾתΣտˡ
ô죿
תͷ˹
ѡɣǰһѡ˸ŻҪ߽ȥ
㡭СģֱӽЩżæ
İɣŮһЦ¶ŨҵţȽʥµĿȻ򵥣Ҫңûôף
˵̧꣬˽ȥ
Ҳǡ
ûôس֣ͯأôΪС㣬϶ǿ
ʥµĿˣԸһЩͨŻԣԸӦû̫Σա
Ҳȥˣ
ŻأҲѡһ䣬˽ȥ
ˡ
ʯͯɫȻĿ
ţ˵ͷҲһ䣬Ȼһ֮ۿЩźĺûͼأ


1596 
ǰľʮŸŻΣղͬ϶ҲͬѡԺʹȻкܴࡣ
ͯҲרŸһʱ˾ˡ
ʥµĿˣΪ֮۵Ч󣬿ɡͼأ
֮£ʲôܿ
ȻˣѡĸȷĸӦʮּ򵥰ɣ
뵽ûκγɣһȡһŰֽһëʣߣʼ
Ի⣬Ѵﵽ˰黭ʦľ磬ٶȺҲﵽ˼ˮƽӣͽǰʯȫƳʱɳһ㡣
꣬ëʼ趯ÿһ϶дˡȷ֡
ôţΪˣȻֻһȷģͼֱܹȱݣֻҪûȱݵģǿԽġ
дһʯͯһͷˮ
Ϊǰһѡһʯž߽ȥ˭֪óëֽţдֻѡֲд
Щʲô
ʱϵˣٲȥͻȡʸٲܲ뿼ˡ
Ҳ̲סѵ
ãѡ񡭡
˵ͷһʯдȷָֽһ

Ժгһţһģһͼ
գ۹ҵûȱݵǸŻ˿
ѡˡ
۾һЦǰʯͯӸǰһͷˮһЦʵǸ黭ʦϲĺöġղſôʯţһʱ£
黭ʦʯͯͷߡ
ʯŶʲô
զû㣡
ʯ񣬲ָоҲ
һЦڶԷһ£һͬһʯȥ
㡭û뵽ȻЦʯͯҧгݡ
ʥһôֱˣô˸һ޲һٵѧ
˵ʵֱ̫ˡѡʯţ㻹ţԣ
ҧгݣ߹ȥķͻȻһ´סǲš
֨ѽ
߽һʯţʧǰ
ѡǡôģ
۾գգʯһôӦ
Ϊһɶ֪ʮŵŻôѡҲҲû뵽һѡͽȥˡ
ãҲҪʵУǼһǱҪĶ࣬ң飬ѡ˲һãпܻ棡
𾪣ʯͯջǺһ

ʯš֨ѽһرգͨǰ˼뿴ܶʲô̸еһɾ޴ѹ͵Ϯ鲻ԽĻζһ¡
ѹֱ꣬˺ѵвͻᱻѹɷĩ
깥
ɫһ
깥٣ô񱩵ĻǵһμֱӴ͸˸оͬ׹񱩵˳Ҫ
׻ת
֪ϮȥŪûˣһһ׻ת
׻ֻ꣬ʥ۷ʵܹ˶ޱȣԷĹͣɰתǿֵ
˿ǰ
Ҫʲôܲôǿ깥
֨֨
ԽǰѹԽ󣬶ĳҲԽǿ
ʮͣ
Ϊ̫ˣߵԽ洫ѹԽȻЩܲסˡ
ʵڲСʦ֮Ѫ
Ŀء
ǰĹȻܴ󣬵ֻҪʦ֮ѪȻֻǡⶫһֻΣѾ˷һˣʱˣץŵˣпֱܳ
ʡʡϾǿĻһù⣬Σգ鷳ˡ
һҲû취ʱᱻѾеѹмĳãβû꣬ûøӾҲܺ·һ׻괩󣿡
ϴμ·ʱѾ׻괩ޱĸ֮ǰоһΣЩȱݣ̫ټϣʵҲЩǷȱдѹܲӲպÿԡ
ܹ벻ջ
ʼ
й׻괩Ĺ̳Ժ
׻괩ǽռ֮ķ϶ߡ֮ǰ޷ռӣžȱݼ࣬ܿﵽأںϣ᲻γ
һ飬ͻȻһ
׻괩˵׻ϵʵϣǶԿռһã
ںôռ鼮ܿ鶼˵أֹڿռ鼮֮ںϣܲܲеȱݣȱ
ȷ
һ׻괩̺ռܼںһһ鼮ڸǰ


1597 żѪ
æסæ
Ժ˼䡣
Ȼﵽ𣬹
һЦ
׻һֱѰһĹ䣬û뵽طͿռйأռ鼮Ķ֢ҩ
ȴ壬
γżϥһ׻ü˳
̣
ûıѹһ˲䣬ǵ޾쫷֮Уʱᱻ˺ѡ
ʯ׻ɽ
֪ԽȲסԽױ˺飬߶ȼУԺиֳһɽģ
Ϫɽ
׻ķ֮Уһֹ֮룬øӴ飬磬棬ûޱȣ뺮ûѩ
տʼʱʹùطʵԽԽǿҲûô鷳Ͳôˣ˿̸ܵ챻˺ѣٴʩչ˳
ˣ
һɽ壬֮ǰζĻǣʱȹɽ쫷֮У㼲꣬ԿȻ
סΣһɢѹڣͣЩֵꡣ
֨֨
˶ĻĴ£
Сˣǰ
Ӻ󣬸еӦѹѾûʲôӰˣǰ˼ٴ£

ʯ⣬վԭһʯͯӣٴ۾
Ǽһôˣλ㲻Գ֣ƾɢҲ޷ǰ
һָһ㣬̳һǽʾˣͨڵ
һӦáţô£
ͻȻʯͯԭأ۾ɵùԲƺҪʯͷе
ֻǽ֮Уվͨ˫ֲһķŭѹأбһûչûأôСҲҳ԰ڣٲŲţҰͨˣ
ڽ
һζʯͯӲûιȥ
Ϊͨλ֣ƾɢϢܽ裬ѹζû뵽һǵû£öԷѹ̫Сˡ
ðĹ̥
̫˰ɣ
ˣȻûѹҾͽȥˡ
˰죬ѹʧӰ٣εǰȥ
˵ʵװѹʵ̫ˡ
ĿģûС˲٣ԷͻȻʧˡ˭÷ŭ
Ͼһᣬпʩչ׻괩󣬴Ӷսˡ
ʲôͷųѹҵ価ʩչ
ܿͻ˹ǰ

˼תһսǣͻȻһ͸еһˣֱ˹
弱æһǽڡ
ۣ
ұ̳һĿ
ǿ
һۣüëһ
ղģǰҲǽ֮ĹһͨˮΣ
һˮ̴Ļұڴ̴ֵλʵٶﵽ˴ʥ
ȿʲôپʹòʹÿʦ֮Ѫ
ָˮϷʱȥһ£ͣסǰһ
ʦ֮ѪһһΣá

߳սǣٴοʮˮΣɿ˹ٶȼ죬ܵ·ȫ
ЩˮΣû̺رٶʵ̫ˣڵͬܵˣᱻնɱ
Ѫ
֪˿û취ӱܣһ֮ǰ˽ʥżѪȼһΡ

ǰʱ̱ˣ֮ǰˮΣʱȫܹʮ
ָǰһˮθǰһ¡
ࣣ
ˮƿˮָ⡣
ȥǰʮˮΣȫʧ˿۾Ź⡣
żҵѪѪǿһʹãʾ˷ͬѰ
Ȼᱻˮλˣڣôٶȣǰţûʲôڹв
ԾѪҲ̫ˡ
Ȼ˷ܣѪٶȣεҡҡͷ
Ƶ˼ˮΣȻһ˲õ˽ӽʱ֮һεľѪҲ˵żһѪѪҺղսξͳûˡ
̫˷ѡ

һʱٵ״̬Уָǰĳٴλָ֮ǰģ
ʱŷ֣վһĴ֮С
м䣬Ǹ޴ˮأֱףˮڣһ㡣
֣ˮأôôٵˮΣˮһҺһֵĶ˳ֱϷȥ

ˮηɽ˲


1598 ǹ
أ
ˮμдŴƿգ۹򣬾ͳǰҪ䶴
˦ˮΣô
ͫһо𺳡
Ϊˮôģۼֲ֪
ˮǸһһͨˮξԼֵסжǿʦܲʤδ֪
Ѫȼա
˲ϸпһ֮ǰʣµİѪҺٴȼǰʱٴαһ㣬ˮΣǰ
ԴȻûκô
һΣˮдˮظǰ

ЩѪҺȼմˮμұϣۡ
ǰȥ
ˮгֵģһ޴ĹǼܣβʮ׸ߵͣÿһӨ͸ʯȻжӲһ˦ˮӵлɱʥ۷ʵ֮ǿƿֲ
ǡĹǼܣ
Էòһ
Ϊѱ˵ޣĹ죬֪ʮϸǰ޹ǲָӺû´һͷĹͷ
㲻ǴѪ壬Ѫ̶ȣҲȻҪ޸߼֪ٱ
ȻӵʱƿصԣһѪ˭λʥ˵ĺ
ǼܼˮΣ¶һ˿棬

Է˿ȭͬʱϸǰĴһ￴˹ȥ
ǰĹǼܣͨڣ˵ͷ۾̹⣬ҪǷԣ󲻳Էǻģӵжʶ
ţǿʦӵܣ
ɻ
ǣҡҡͷ
Ӱټ뿪żҲſʼż棬ȷǽ˿ʦĴС
ǿʦӵܣȴ˿ʦʹõʱ䷨򣬿ˣҲвţ
˵ͷٴοֿܵҵѹҶˮΣһʵƾ㣬ûãҪҵĳϣͱ뽫һܣ
õĳϣ
һ㶡
ͨǾʮͨлҲͬΣյģõҵĳϣԽҴߣòᱻɱĿ
ߣ۾һ
ͷŪˮΣܽʥ۷ǿ߻ɱʵ±ʦֻǿҪܽߣʵٴӣ
ϿɣӵгҵʵֶζûãȽʥҲ۷Ч˯꣬ȴˣ
˵ͷ
ȽʥȽʥıѵǱǹ
ʲôȫһ
Ƚʥ鼮֪λʥһЩƽһǹɱ߽߳պգʦ޲ڡ
Ѳɣǰͷ
Ҫˣͨȷ̫Ҫˡ
˵ͷұȽʥӡֻʩչʥսʤͿԽҴߣʤ˼˭ʲôᱻҴ̴ʬ塣
˵е̧ͷ΢΢һЦǳϿң㿴ֻʥ۷ʵ˿ֻܷӴʥսҲȻ޷ʤܲܽΪѹƵĺͬٽбԣ
ѹΪдŲá
ӦôʱҲˣȥչ۷ɣֻһѡͨԺû˹Ļ񲻱ʾԶ޷뿪һӵ۷ս˵δ̫˰ɣ
͵ǱԣֻҪѹƵĺͬҲսͬȼԴС
ɡ
ˣȽʥѹΪս϶Ҳͬ۷ģòᡭѹ͵ʥ۷壬ͲҵĶ˰ɣ
ɻĿѵʥҲ䣿
ߣѹΪҲ䣡
̼һãҽΪѹƵʥ۷壡
¡
ɢǿϢڽںˣգ۹򣬾ͱ˺ͬʥ۷塣
ʼɡ
ѹͺΪһȻ׼һ£ǰһｻ֣ͻȻеǰһվǰԶ֪꣬ʱѾǰһȭͶͷ
㡭
û뵽Էٶô죬һ򶼲ֱӽЩᣬβһ˦뽫ɣ;ܵĿռ䱻˲ȫǱ˺֮У޷ֺ
ʥĿռ
һһŸǺã;ԴʹԷȭͷѾ
飡
ȭͷƣգ۹򣬻һʹԷϽˮ಻ƺӷģһʰ
ͷ궼ܵƺʱɢ
ôôǿ
ץ


1599 
ȻѹΪҲʥ۷Ĵڡ
˵ѱƳ˳ԽʥĴڣ˵սȽʥ꣬ССս˲֪١ʵߣУ֪һǰʲô
ûκιأֱӳһҴ򡭡ͽͷåһ
ؼǡƫƫ
ܴ裡
𣡡
оԷȭͷͷֱкĻ£һ嶸Ȼһ

ȫĹͷѻһգ۹γһڹԵĳǹ
ƣ
͵һ̣ĿռǱͷеı飬һѡ
ŵŵŵţ
˼ؿһڡ
ռ価ܺǿ󣬵ĸ֣Ч
ͺǰǹʩչʥ۷壬ɡһ㽫̳ͬܲס
ȻҲոйأʱˣ򵽸߲ΣڸӵӦ֣ƿҲûôˡ
ңҪ
ƿռ䣬õɣٴӳǹ̬ٴαعģ޴ͷ­ſٴγ˹
ಣ
ǰ۾ٴһٴβ˶ԷټѰңֿһƱֱ˹
飡
ĽţͷۻӲԴϵȥ
ҿ
Ļ£Ҫըˡ
ȻԣƽսͺˣϽ㵽ǲʦ
ҪҪ

ٰͲסִβ͵Ҫһɷĩһٴξûһ֪ʱץסβϵĹͷ
䣡
Ÿеһɾ޴Էһ˦˦ȥԴͣײڵϣҳһһĴӡ
ˣ
ڹۿʯͯӣһĻ̲סһ£̫𾪣Դ˵ϣͣ
ҴҼ°ϣԽԽľ
ȻΪѹ͵ʥأһҲͬ۷Ĵڣֱӳȥ˿ûл֮ʹ˶һҪôײУ
ҪǰߣͷѴиɻһٱ򣬶Ѿɷĩˡ
ţԷͨŪûᱻնɱζûϵֽ֡
̫ˡ
ɶҪ
ͷת򣬹Ҳ̲ס͵ĴƲ񷣬գ۹򣬾ͽѹʥصﵽ˴ʥһأ񲻻
Ϊӣѣ͵תצ

ٴηǰ꣬һ˲ưʧǰһ̣ٴγͷ˹

ˡ
ͬǶֵҲˣһ𣬾ȻҲһﵽ׶ǿ
ͬȽʥҲûսҪϣҲᱻŰɣ
弱æҪ
Ϊﵽ񲻻ܷӦٶȺ˲٣ͶԷٶȱȣƺûı٣ֻԴʹԷĽֺݺ
˵ʵԷʩչ֮ǰʱѪҲˣϾʱǰκ˼άûκô
ɡԷûãֻʹһЩԼԿռ⣬ûκη
ս֪ôģ
ͺ񣬶Էǰ֪Ҫķҵ©ȱһ㣡
ԽԽơ
أ
ٴα˺üţҲ̲סٴηڡ
һӵͬ޵еȴƭѹΪ뱩һ٣ȻˣҲûʲôģ
ٲѹƣգ۹ͻ˼񲻻Ѫ࡭
һ»ص˹ʥ֮ǿ
СӣղŲǴҴĺˬҪɱ㡭
һæ̧ͷͼһֱ֪꣬ʱѾʧȥټæתͷ漴ԷѾھˮزԶһʯϣжһˮš
ɱңĺˮһɫĳɱɱĶ಻áʦҪǺ͹أȻȽʥıҲӦöغͰݣѾˣ͹Թɣ
á
衣
ղŴҴôˬʵָ˵ˡôõ£
Σ
첻ʮҾͲǹ
ȷϣ
̧ͷ
ڽһܡ

ûһըװ죬쳹Ժ
ˡ衭
žણ
ȫɲǼ䱻ᣬһѹȸУ㸲ٶãӿбֱ
ӣ㽻֣ôˣ
һվ˫ֱ俴ȻŲţھŪ㣡


1600 Ԫʯ
ǰͷһӵѪǣȻˡûﵽǾͱȻҪܵƺ⣬ǰ֪ЩǸ͵ˣ԰ڣ˵Ҳʵ۷˭֪һô޳ܣ򲻹͵͵ʵ
һ󼶱ҿװüЩˡ
ԣٲ飬һ˻𡭡Ȼ󣬲ϣȻܵѹȣ
㡢㡭
ڵϣݴֻʶҪʱιȥ
ǰʶǱƳǹ󣬵顣Ϊг̺ͬԣηܷ
ѪϵȨݷ
ôҪͷ
⡭˵
Ƚʥս£ǿĿʦҲǼҲ޷ǰ꣬ȴ
ʲôݣ
Ը
䲻²ⲻǳһ£ǵͷ­
ѪѪͣߵģ쾭壬οԷҲȷˡ
ţ˵ͷѯһͷûѪҺͼǰĹǼܣ͵֮ǰһٴαһ޴ĳǹ
ˣ
ڿζǹܿһңġ
ͷȥͨڣǹ⴦ź⣬ʱƿռ䣬Ծ
ǹ
۾ˡ
ǹḧһǻڵУھʩչû˿ϰ
žણ
ָһѪҺǹ⣬գգۼǹâռһѺۡ
дҵʵٻһ
˷ܵĲͣ
ʷùǿˣܱȽʥӡɵ
ȻڵΪ̫ͣ޷ǿսһÿʦ֮Ѫǹţʥ֮£޶֣
벽ʥսһ
ѹͼѡͨܵõС
һЦһǹٴαɹܣһ仯ϵϡ
Ѿ֪仯ǹ޼᲻ݣޣͬŴݻص
շ˿ٴܿȥ
ǰĳˮ˿̰û֮ǰĿ꣬ԵúǿտҲ·ʲôط
ͨ˰ɣ
һܣѯʡ
Ȼͨ˳ȥЩʹõĶϣܹ֮ߣ

ţ˵ͷȥɣ
һ˳ȥٴα仯ʮ׳̣ˮϷצһץ

ˮڣһԲ̨˳Բֱֻ̨ңɢ˵һ崺֮С
ǡԪʯ
۾Բǲš
ΪʦȻֻưשĻ֪ʶʯ𣬻ʮ־ͨģһЩǼǿߣԶԶ硣
Զʯֻ̨һۣ˳ʦȴֺѰҵԪʯ
ֶһƷʥֻҪһˣ٣ͿֱɱɾƷʥǰȻôһ飡
֮࡭
ȹ̣Ҳɫ죬ЩԶơ
˵һʯֵͲһĴʥй֮
ǽԪʯȽʥ£ҵȴԵĺˡɵȴʱ䲻ȷ飬Ҳͬӵˣ׼ƷֻҪ˯Ͳ˥Ҳӳ꣬Ҳ˥ߣ
͡
ŶȻ
֮ǰ֣µҲ϶ϵ޷սˣԭȽʥ׼
ⶫά֣Ҳӳ˯꣬ͬԷս绢
ڼȻѾѣⶫûʲôˣԸ͸ˣ
צһ̧Ԫʯ̷˹
æסһսָҾȴ֮ˣ
ʶ˽ʥĴֻ֪С۹⣬ԪʯޱȣȽʥǿǰʲô㲻ϡ
ȻͣȻҪˡ
ⶫ֮ǰΪȼ𣬶ʹõĽԴȻܹٴν
ԪʯƷ
ˣڿ뿪ˡ
ʯͣٴλϣתͷȻֲԶһ֮ǰһģһʯš
ǰһơ
֨ѽ
ʯŴ򿪡
漴һ˶һ


1601 
۵ģغأɫأĸˣһɱڣû֣ϢѾɢ䡣
֮ǰͷˡ
룬˵òĿһɫĳۣ߸ߵñӣź롣
ץšκ̡
۾ָͣʱ֡
ˣһҲͨˡ
ʱһʯͯӲ֪Ӻδ˳ˣͨͨѾԵõȽʥƷˣ

Ļâ˸һʯ̨ӵ»ֳмһöƴСķ
ϵһЩ֣ûκ֮һ̸ܵŨҵ֮С

üëһ壬æصԡ
ιΪⶫȻѾ֣⣬ҪõⶫҪ⼸ץסʳŵ˵䡣
ڳˡ
ĸҲȫǼ۾ͷų˷ܵĹâ
û°ɣ
Ἰˣָͣˮ֮ϣĿһŮ
ͨ˲鷳Է϶Ҳûô򵥡
û£ҡҡͷתͷ۾̲סһõ˲ٺô
Сû뵽ôͱ֣ͷ
ʲô
ǹ޴ڵʵӲٷ֮һˣҲ㹻ˣŮһЦ
ţͷ˵ʯͯӵ
öҿ˫õȻˣǾʵ˵ɣҸƾֶΣ˭õ͹˭
һЦʯͯ˿˹
Ȼǰ˵ǾͲˣ
֮еİ׾꣬һΣԶķץ˹ȥ
ˣ
ӿֳâͬһϡ
Ǹӡ
ߣʹûУ
һֱӳ֣أüëһ͵س˹ȥ
ڿУĵһ㣬£ֱǰߺġ
󵨣
֣һ꣬˳һĴȣָһβٸ֣һˣһ˱ֱϮ
Ȼȹʥı
۾
٣Ȼȹʥ۷ʱʹõıȴȻִָһͷųȻ֮ͬǧƲɵ
ܹ浽ڵĹʥ֮򵥵ģҲС
٣
Էأ׾˻͵һ˶䣬һ
ж˳
۰׾꣬꣬ӵпʦսΪﵽ˴ʥ۷壬ླ
ѹܽŵߣʵϹʥȷ޷ֵ
أȥֹǼһᴫ취ù⼸˽ҺأˡһָĵҺһһ̴Ӷתͷ
Ҫѯκ̵˵䡣
Ȼ⣬ǾͲˡ
ţ
֪ǰλʵȻص˵ͷһΣֱķȥ
ȥôס
һȣһλƤڵ˹ҪŮŸշ𣬾͸е޴ѹ͵Ϯ鲻Խͣ£žͿ֪ʱѾڸǰһЦĶң
λϢͳǰ֪׶Ը̲סתͷȥ
һηӦæͷã
˵ֱһץȥ
һ֮иͷߵģҲЩӷף̫һֶʱչʾ˳ǿսǰ˾Ȼ˿
ը
óˣҵģ
ӲԶЦһϯӿգ۹ͽѹ漴˾Ϳղڿе꣬һڵĳǹȻϢ
һ֣
һǹ֪ǰλʵǶҪǿҲ̲סһȡ

͸߸꣬ͬʱ֣иռ˲䷢ʣ֮Ҫû
ץŵˣٶȺܿ죬ʶʶкʵ
һХ͵һĵĳǹ̷ֱ֮˹
꣡꣡
ռֺڶһ֮³˾һζ
۵ռ䣬ܺȶĴ½ǲ˺ܴһأܲס˿͵
أأ
ǹâ͸߸꣬ɫͬʱһ䣬Ǳ޴Уɶˤǽϣҳһ޴ͬʱѪ
һǹ֡
ʦ֮ѪԼ֮ǹǿսһչʾǰ


1602 Ȼ壡
ģ
һлɶˣ˹ǹɢâеͬս
ˣ
ץסһˣϸʣһ͵Ϯֱ꣬תͷȥ漴ʩչȹʥ꣬Ūң׼Լ
أǰ֪ʱͷȭˣܵĿռʱʱݣʾսĿ¡
湻ġ
Щͽʱƣǹʥǿµױּ̺ǵľ
ͷͬʱأʵǿһʱҲѡ
ʦֽȹʥùĹ١ˣ
һɻð
ʦöòôöȺˣãһһ
òᣬǲˣӰټң
ԣӰټңغأ˭
߿׿ڸԼ˵ġ
ȱݣ
ɻ󣬾һǰļ˿˹ȥ
ˣ
ͼݻζδ鼮ɡ
ô£ѵҲʣôɣ
ͫһ
ز̽أ̣̽һȺô£
Ǵ˿ʩչ似ɲ
ˣȻʣȻӵпɱıȻץŵˣʦãûǰ֪飡
һȻ
ʦӵʦתšκ̡Ԭε˱ץǰ֪ΣգһϢûС˵Щ˱ȻӵɱֶΡ
ͺ񵱳õǣ֮£޷
ȥ֮󣬱뵽ʦȥתһȦˡ
۾
ϾȻӵܹɱƷˣơ
ʵڲУȥʦоһ£ͿǰԤԷϣҲ϶ܲ˿
޷Ҳ޷벻ǣһԱ֪
üëһ¶ɱ
ͼݿҲûֶˡ
ˣܹαװ壬ڵû취ĵģ˶ɵϰߣͷԶʩչ
ǣʵߵ㣬ԶǿĹ࡭˶˵ڣֻҪþȫŹʥ֮£˭ص
һϰɣ
뵽㣬һɺ飬һЦгǹһ͵һ㡣
ˣ
ԷϮˣ̱ǹ⵲棬Ų̤ǹ˺ɨ

ռѺۣϮ
ߣ
һĶһëʣֱӭϡ

ëʺǹȻߡ˲ȴδ𻵡
ѲҲһʥµı
о㵣֪ʱЩʱ򣬳ǹٴһ㣬߸̳
̣
޴ϯ쫷磬ɫһ䣬æˡ
ˣ
ǹҪжԷʱٴ
ûеֿǾһĹ͵սڡ
꣡
һɲǼ䣬ǹѹ£ûɵɱ䣬Ƽɵ㣬ʵı仯
ֻ׻˲ٽһȻûͻƴʥȴҲӾ˽ӽһ롣
̶ֳȵĻǣȻʩչ׻괩ˡ
лˡ
һͻƣˬЦһ̤ǰС
߸ͷð亹ٺˣĳǹƹ֮һô仯֮
ס
ɫ࣬һĵëʷ˳īգ۹Ƴһƣǰ档
˻
ǹһ˺ѡ
Ҳ˲٣߸ֽ꣬סӹһ١
һûйʥ֮
ԷƵôûʩչֹʥһЦ
˵ʵȻʹ˿ʦ֮Ѫǹս׽ˣŵ˵ҪѲʱ䡣
ǿʦ֮Ѫʱơ˷ѡ
ȻˣǾȽûйʥ֮ļһûս
Ȼȥ˶֣
ߣǹٴһһǹ߸˹
̣
һǹȸղŵǹ⻹ûըռ˺ֽһ㣬ѿһۼ
ˣˣ
û뵽ֱӣֻһżļæŪңȻңȴ档
ռ䣡
ɶ񣡡
֣ǹһëʾͱɡ
˵ŵ˱ץǾһɡ
һȣǹ
߸꣬ɫף֪Ҳֵסͷ­͵

޴У嶸Ȼ͸ߵļһգ۹׶࣬һɹŨɱ¾ֱ֮񷡣
Ȼˡ
ͫһ۾


1603 
ղſȺһóôʥЩɻ󣬻᲻Ǹˣۿһ¶ԭΣʲôӰټңˣ
͵͵̽أ֮ǰ⡭˵ʵǱʶУǶЩɡ
ɫһ죬Ρ
ԷޱԼۺϢ֮ʦױʣмһˡԼȴɡ
ԽԽΡ
һرģغأҲƺһ£𾪲ѡ
ȻˣҾͲˡ
ȷݣü˵һȣǹٴμ̶
ࣣ
߸꣬仯󣬿ʩչȫսҲǿ˲٣Ǻֳǹȣɲ˲֪١
ܿͱмѪֱ
꣬Ҳһ˳ǹ£ǱԼ˲Լ

֪ȥ϶ᱻǰһȫ̴Ҳ̲סһȡ
ã
ǰİ׾Ӧһ
˿̵ںؽ֡
ŮĹ죬Ҳ̫ǿңÿһ£д޷ֵƣУ׾ֱ۷飬ɫøˡ
Ҷǹʥ֮۷壬ô벻ǰˣһһֲ
֪ȥ϶ᱻܣˣһҧ׾һһ鼮̷
¡
鼮һ֣̱ھĻâҫص档
ʥʼǣ
ɫһŮü͵һѹʱеȫ·Ļգ˲Էֺ
ʥдıʼǣ̺Ŵ벽ʥ޷ƿ˵ʥˡ

˿׾ٴοǰĴȡһơ
һ㡣
ˣ
ƺͷӡĤһӴ߶ʱۿɼɢ

һ죬ͽġ
ߣ
õ˿׾һкһץһ
һ

ռѷ죬գ۹ʧԭء
ߣ
꣬Ҳ˿һԳԭ͵ĸ߸ˣͬʱȡ顣
ӡ
û뵽ԷֶΣæһ㡣
ˣ
ܵĿռ
⣬ԷռԷӦǴһ֣Ȼˣܷס޷롣
Ȼ˺ռҪдˣһ¶ڿУѲ
˵ŵץˣ
Ŀ磬ֳֳǹȫɱڡ
ţ˵ĿǸʣ
ǹգ۾
ҵǣɣ
һЦ겻֪ʱĶһٴһ

һâƿնգ۹ͽĿռ顣
ˣ
ЧʧӰ̱鵭ϾҪߡ
˵Ǿ
˫۳죬ǹ͵һֱ˴˹ȥ
ղһֱ飬ĿӶԷл֪ŵ˵Ϣ˿̼Ȼ֪ץߣҲͲסһٻɱ
˾ǿʹ˿ʦ֮Ѫǹǰɲһ

ǹڣǰ
ߣ
ߣָһ㣬һâ̶
ǹֵ;һżٺˡ

â֮ռ𣬻һڵĺۼ
ͫһͷ亹
ҪǱһ£Ȼг룬ɡ
һҲ̤˿ռѺۣ֮ǰİ׾һʧ
æתͷ漴ͿվڲԶüɫͳǹʥµķ̺Źʥʮ֮һֵס
ʥʮ֮һ
һס
ѹ֣ôǿ󣬹ʥֻʮ֮һҲڿԿġ
ţû뵽ǲйʥݿշҲУأҲ˹ɫӣƺ֪Щʲô
ݿշ
óռĹʥ̻һ󣬿𵽴Ч˲תƵ֮⣡Էⶫ׼á
ؽ͡
תƵ֮⣿
ȭͷ
֪Էⶫ϶һоʹɱˣ
ֻҪΪϳⶫ϶Ҳ޷ʹã
ϾܹݿգҲʹһΪ̫͵Ļֱ⡣
ôߡ
ҡҡͷأһЦ
ûʲô˭õ϶ҪֻҪã֣
ҡҡͷ
ȻˣЩʧ䣬ҲֻοԼˡ
ûģȻˣǴδߣ
ҡҡͷе׿˹
ûߣ
غأͬʱɻĿЩ⡣
Ǻǣ
ûлش˵ɻһתԶʯͯӣ֪˵ĶԻǲԡ


1604 ĸ
˵ʲôҲֻǹʥһ飬Ƕѡ
ʯͯһ㶣һЦ
غأҲ֡
ͯӣһžͼˣֻʯԣôǴ
ǣΪǰˣôʥҲû֣
Ŷ飬֪Ǻ飿ɷϸ˵һ£ı⣬΢΢һЦ
ʯе顭ʯͯӽ͡
ʯ飿˫ֱתһȦһһߵʯͷʯԴ½Ϸ¬ɽ½Ǩˮ½ײգſγɣ½ûкܶ࣬ʮ顣
ⶫĺôǣýе꣬ǿ󣬵ȱҲܴǾǣ̫㣬̫ң޷ۣҲ˵ʦֶٸҲɹ˵ʯԣ㣬˭
ҡʯͯһ㶣û뵽ǰˣϡٵʯͷϳĺһȽʥʥֶͨ죬޷
Ǻǣ
𣺡ȽʥΪʮ֮һֶΣ˲ҴĦֻҪƷ飬ܹʥȻｻ㣬ˣȻҪշſɷġΪΣһֱǳƺȽʥǡˣ
ֻҪƷߣѱͺ񵱳ʯ񣬱˵Ļֻġ
ǣĵһΪ衣
ˣѸġ
ȽʥȻҪһͳɹȻշɶԷʼգûƺһˡ
ûʾôء
ҡʯͯסƬ̺󣺡ҾûҲǴɣۣûκɡ
˵ǲˣ
Ŀһٴοսʱһ˶սʩչռ䣬˵һ䡮ԭӵĴˣ飡
Σʯͯɻ
⻰ȷ˵ʲô
ʥǿʦˣȴ곤ƽ֮Ƚʥǿʦĵӣձ֣ҲҪ񣬲ҷ

ͺǿˣ֣˼Ҫԡ塱ƺԽ
ʥǿʦˣȴҪʦ𾴼֣ΪѧԽ
㡭ֱӳƺԷӡƽſеĳƺŵȽʥıڡ㲻òԾ𣿡
㡢㡭һסʯͯٴκ˼Ǽһı顣
ԷƾһƺƶϳǴδ̫˰ɣ
ʲôʱ򿴳ģ
㵹֪Ҳûʲô壬̧ͷʯͯǲ⡣
αװ޷죬ʥ٣δܹʶƣԷʲôʱֵģ
֮ͨǰһļʵȷĲʣģ

ͨǰԷǰһ£ͼݲ̽ʯͷĲʣ֪ⶫԾ飬ͨΣգûʱ룬˿Щߣ֮ǰĳƺٲףɵˡ
ǿʦƳıƺӣûκ⣬ȽʥҲ˵
Ҫǡö棬ӦˣЩƵϢ
öǿʦѼʵѪҺɣνĸµĲӦԿʦѪҺ۶ɣӦƣǡʦ
ָоȷԷ˭Ҳ׾ˡ
ԭˡӵĺˣƿ˷⣬ѱǹȷǳܼ꣬ʯͯӵ˵ͷٲϣǿʦƳĴĸߵǸһƷˣ
һЦʯվԭزһâͷ˳ڿлۣգ۹γһŷ
͸ղŰ׾ߵţһģһ
ǿʦƳĸҲſԽұƳֻʦԸɲʲô˶ܳģ˵һӵĴˣ٣ҳҲ
һΣ
ЦӯӯĿܳң
Ȼܣ
дŲм԰
ǺãҸ㿴һ֮ξ㣡
ָڷ֮ϡ
ʲôã˿ʦƶܳˡˡˡ
ǽ˵ͻȻһ£Ǽһڿ͵رñͦͬһ˿ƣдŹֺãСˣ


1605 Ҫȥ
⻹࣡ĵ˵ͷָֽ⡣
ԷȻǿʦѪҺƶɣôΪʦȻҲ䳼һ֮£Ȼ

أ۾Բ
˵ʵǼ棬ңʶģɽܵĳһĶ࣬С
ʦƵķʥȽʥһ£˳㻹ʲô
ȵĲˣǣסһǣʦҪصıƮƮصġ
أŰɣҲá

أ彩ֱ
ǰþֱҪⶫˣ˿ں
ȵĻں档
ŷѾΪＴɣŸûáֻҪʱҽˣҡҡͷͬһĲںµ˹
ҲУһ£һεٴνס
˵ĺӵͼݣпޣ˵һŷˡ
ιҪΪŮ룬ҲͶԷһʱ䣬˳Ūľݡ֪Բ£͵Ҳûʲô
ֻǡû뵽ԷҲ̫ں
ãΪߵĴҪˡ
ÿʦƵıȽʥûʸĶûϵıȥöáңһͷײ
ˣֻһһֽûͷײҲײ
ƣͼϵˣһ۰Ͱ͵Ŀһزūģ
СȻѾ⴦żɻбһѼҴ߰ɣ
ŤŤӣûˡ
ôûˣоʮͨ𣿼ȻǸͨǹͨ϶Ҳбɡɻ
ͨȫǿˣɱûб
ζ
ûУɻĿضˣͼǵ˵ͷ˵Ĳ߹ͨһֿˣδֱ
һʧ䡣
Ϊʮͨÿһпǹıڿˡ
ˣ㽫ġȽӵָҿɣҲǺö
֮£˶Ρ

ٵģûôٵġǿȽʥױµңֶŹ
սӳǹӳһҡ

Ҫ޵ķȽӵϴһգ˻
Ҳ֪׹󣬺ò׹һ󻧣ȻҪԵıˡ
뿪ɣ
һһṮ̌â֣һ̣Ȼ۵ռ棬»ص˰Ϫɽ
С㣬ʦЩҪ̴ܾʹ˱Ҵˣٹǣ
ȶΣأ͹ȭ¶һ˿Ǻͽ
ʲô£費Ҫæ
һЩС¶ѣʦˣһ˱ɴأͷ
Ǿͺá˿
ţȥɣæˣϵҼɣص˵ͷ
лأٶ˵ָһ㣬ǰٴγ˿ռͨһΣֱ˽ȥһʧڶǰ
뿪ԶŮ΢΢һЦأʲô㣿
ĸ֣ʣµķ㲻ңҲ˴ţûʲôˣҪģǵȴֱӽ뼴ɡ
ʱûʲô¡ҡҡͷ
ûʲô£һżң֮ǰߵĴæθպôĸ΢΢һЦ
ñط꣬Ȼϣôͷֿ
Լջص壬˸ĸȻѾȷϵҲȥ
⡭
ؽ覵΢΢һ죺Ҵ֣ߣŪżҺҳìܡȥ̫ðɣ
ʲôòõģǺܺ˵ġ
΢΢һЦ
ȻĸͻأڶûòϣԷ硣
˵˵ʱңֵôϵš棬ĸͽԼТļһһˣԷȻȫ֧֣ƾ㣬ֵ𾴡
⡭
ᣬز֪ô죬Щ޴롣
κ£ĮȻˮĸνЩ֪Ǻˡ
ýţҪģȥˣҲȷǶ˵Ĺϵ
֪ĵģסԷƣãôƴˣ
ҡԷдſͣһ£ûоܾðɣ
ţͬ⣬΢΢һЦͻȻʲôȥ֮ǰȥһң
ȥңü


1606 
ֵôˣԷ޲ýƤʱȥʲô
Ȼɻ󣬵ȴỳɶԷȥߡ
ĸ飬ǿԿĳ
ţ˵ͷҵĹ˼˺պ˷ռ⣬봫ڸǣֲ֮ǰ£
ֳᣬȷǲֲһ£Ӧõģֻǡڹȥ·ǵ飬鷳ҡҡͷ
ҪǵʱżػԼʦáʦһ࣬ѾɱѪɺˡ
ΣźȥԷҲδ顣
Ūɻ֣˫졣
Ҳ֪飬αװһ£ԱʶͲʲôˡ
Ҳ֪Ҵ˿̶ĵӣ¶ЩΣ⣬һҲ֮أǼ壬ڣûܹﵽڸǣҲֲ֮ǰĿǷˡ
ϴε飬ȫûǰС˭ǳôһ
ǰ֪ӦŻ£Ҳֵң׾ѣҲôǿǰʧ档
ãӦһ
㡭ŮôˬӦ̲סʵ
˵ʵŮ϶òôӦѵĲ⣿
ȻһЦŵĻ䡣
ʵԽԽûпˣ˲͵ڳϣػ̹
һˣеȡ
أϲˣеػ
ǳɣ
һЦսԷƣҸ

ԿռǹͬҲܹѰҿռ涴һеٶȣͱࡣ
ʱ䲻ٴҵķΧ
αװȻʦԲҪһЩⱦģһαװķϺκ˶ˣ
αװϣؿһۣȡһŷֽ
̫ˣæӹ
ϴαװͬʦˣⶫȻӰȫ
ͷֽ̻·壬һʶȴһּΪǿʶ޷
ڶͷ
ˣ
ֽһӴʧһӿڣһ漴һݿݻƵˡ
ʮģĸݣһ˫۾ӥ˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
ñ
ʶӣԼϸɨ˼飬һۣ֮޷ӣ̲ס̾
αװȷķǿ̫ˣⶫٴʦͬ
αװϣתͷԶŮͼҲαװһ긾ˣòܱһһɿԿĺۼ
ܺãģȥӦò˶ãҲŪ˫ɷͷЦ˳
ˡνʥܴҲ˵ηĺܶ࣬ųƺʥûٳƺ˫ɷ
Ƕˣαװһޣʵֶվڴ½۷УҪȥò˶ãҲܴ
˭Ƿޣǡã
Ƥһ졣
ãöǺģѵô˧ѹôϲԭˡ°͸п
ƶ죡
ء꣡һЦ˳ղŻαװɷޣ̫ã˿ͻȻãҲαװɷҲУҪȡͷȻʲôû취ش𣡡
ĸǸȡеһ֣ΪνʥҲԸȡһСؽʥô
αװк壿ذһۡ
⵹ǡùǿ֣αȡͬĲСˣҾ˵Լ壬㴫Ƿ⣬ԷҲģĺĻܣδ棡
۾һ
ȡ֣öԷţ˳µĴڣա塱Ȼõġ
Ͼռ䣬е
ҵļôżðһ֧ӵܣҲ޷ó
ȥżң֪֧ӵڵĵλΪѪϡ׶ȥ˵һټʮδ֪
ܺáҲȡ֡ϬʲôûáϬɣص
ϬϬһֺͨãҾͽģԺϵرǺģϬһͨ
Ц
ãصͷ
֣˿ҵķӶ
ʱңʰ֮ǰս𻵵Ľ˻ĺ
ˣԵġ
ңУܲҵߣڷ⣬һХӰͻأ֡
һȻը
ӰټҴãϹԪᣬЯǰݷҼ


1607 ӰټҪ
Ӱټҵˣ
һ£æ̧ͷ漴ˣϷ
˵Ǹʮˣɫĺ룬ųñӣһϵĳۣʦЩƣֻúɫĲϼöɣԶԶȥЩ
ץŵ˵װһüëһ
˵ţ֮ǰϪɽĸˣȫͬߣαװӰټҵǿߣɻأҲȷƭСֻǹĽ£¶ԭΡ
ϹԪԱߵĸǶʮ꣬һϢɱ
ǶǴʥһأ񲻻ĸ֣
ص˵ͷλϹԪǡݹʥĺõѧʦ
ݹʥͷ
λʥǿʦʮλ״֮һߣȻȽʥ̹ʥȹʥôȴҲ£˼ݡ
û뵽λĺˣ
ʲô
𾪹
ڴ½ʦãʦã̻ͨˡߣڽ̻Χ֮ڣòֻͬھѧΪ֮ͨҪﵽʥ𣬲ʸУ
ؽ͡
ʥʸ񣿡ࡣ
Ϊʥӵѧˣû뵽Ӱټһиá
ҴǬϹǰ룡
ѯʣһ𣬽ĸף᳾೤ϣڿУһ̬ȹ
ȥɣ
ӭӣ˸ڣϹԪ΢΢һЦ˷ȥ
Ӱټҵˣʱ϶£Ҳȥ

֪Ӱټҵ˵ʦ½û뵽һλڹۣϹºͿĪĹϵ
ţصͷ
˶ʵǿͨ˵ĶĿʮڼ󷨾ͨҴ˿Щңһ·˽ȥûκ˷֡
ˣ
ǰһᣬѯǬȥһٵ
ǼϵһǷʲô£
üëһˣֱķӶȥ
ʱ䲻һĹ㳡˿Ѿɽ˺ҵˣȫٶȸ˹
͸Ⱥǰȥ漴ղӰټҵϹԪˣмĸ̨ϣǬ᳾˺ȻС
λѣʲô£ôż켯ӣ
ǰ漸·ӵܣڵ̸ǰ
ڣġ֧һѣ֮䲻ȫʶ
ǡλӵܼһ¡
ģ֧ӵܣͷ
Ŷλӵܵ˵ͷӰټҵǿߣҪҵһͬ⣬ȻҪԼˣ䲻һٵһԶԿռ򡭡ǻʤҾûʸƿ뽻Ǵñܣ֮˵ĻҲһң
ʲô

ӰټҪıʮ֮˾ǴȻԱΪעԷóģȻҲ򵥡
ݹʥùһ
λӵǰһָǸ
˳ָȥȻһڸ̨֮ϣһ֮УȻûʣȴɿԸܵɢɭɭ⡣
ȻǴʥ۷弶ıݹʥʹùһİ벽ʥҲ̫࡭ǹȣ˺ܴһأ
ؿһۣ
ţͷ
ȻԶ޷֪𣬵ƾҲܿǹ˲١
ǹȽʥ۷ʱõľϹʱպݹʥùĽˣȻԶԶ硣
λӰټǰǿߣϹԪǰ󱲣ӵܣԶԿռֻҪͲһ٣Կɲ룬֪˭ӭս
һܣǬ
Ȼƽȣȴһŭ
νıԣԸ֮ǰӰټҵˣҲֳЩúìܡ
ֻԷ̫ǿָոشҷˡ
ң
һȣһӰֱȥ
ȥǱˣλѣࡣ
ֻΪߵ£˿̾϶ԷѣҲˡ
ң
ҲԸһԣ
жԶԿռ򣡺ߣҿ

λϸ̨
ȫҲǿߣһϢۻ룬λȻΪϣһﵽʥ۷塣
ܺã
ļˣǬĵ˵ͷתͷԶϹԪ᣺Ϲǰαԣ³̰ɣ


1608 ռ
ܼ򵥣һöռݣԲⶨռȶԣͶԿռ⣬˭վʱ䳤˭Կռ⣬͸Ӹ
ϹԪᵭһЦָǰһ㣬һһݣǰڸ̨һûκͷţܣɳ˲ϸ΢ĿռѺۡ
ѺۣҲ˵ռ䲻ȶҪվ𣬾ͱȹܵĿռ䣬˵ѵĵط޲
ֻ򵥵ģȴҲǣܿأ죬ȷûôס
⡭
ǬҲ㣬ɫ̱ò̫ÿ
Է˵ļ򵥣ʵѡ
ӵܣܶԿռ䷨ļ࣬ӵ츳Ҫ㣬Ҳûôס
ĭҵλǿߣʾһ£
⸱飬ϹԪҲ˵һЦкһ
ǡ
ĭ꣬ʮߡ꣬һΣȺ˳֮⣬ռݸǰһץ
ˣ
죬һĿռֱ֮Ӷ
ԭĿռ䣬˲õ޸ڵϵĶվӣٴλζ£µڵϡ

Щλĭͷðˮڴ˼ڣһȭ˻Ⱥ
վĭ⼸УʵģԣЩǿôҼЦˡ
ϹԪᵭһЦ˹ʼɣ
Ǭࡣ
ԣԷڽ
Լ˵ôһ£Ȼٽҵˣ㲻ϣҲֻˡ
ԣ
֮ǰ̨һˣȭ
帡ˣ
Ǭ˵ͷ
ţ
λ帡Ҳ˵ǰһһüëһ֮ǰĭһһץ
ˣ
ܵĿռͬ죬ⶫζһ£ûվ
ͷϺˮʣƬ̣һѪ˼帡ֽ
Բ峤
岻ͣζ帡ʧ䡣
ԷһʮΪףû뵽þȫ޷ɹѹӰټҵǰսȷŹ˵ı졣
ԣ
ڶλҲǰƬ̺ͬѪ帡һ޷վ
Ϊⶫ򵥣ʩչռ֪֮ݣһɽҪأԿռﲻ˵վһ¶ѡ
ͬʱʧܣǬݸѿ
ԷҪǼĴȱҵܸ룬ԷóӰټµĹʥԼ˿ʦµĹأΣֻܱԡ
룬Լ˾û⣬ƾԿռ򣬱ֲܲѣζû뵽ôס
ֱ̫ˡ
Ǻǣ峤ûվģûеĻǾȴ֮ˣƺϵ֣ϹԪź룬һЦ
ţ
δ䣬һǰһģ˭֪ûֽţ޷ɣʲôռ˵ˣҪսУôͬǱԣܹʤǻʤǼٵģ
˼Ǳ䣿ϹԪῴ

ͷ
ƿؿռĿģΪΪսȭͷ˵ô£ô󹦷תʲôݣ
ȻдţӰټңȻ㣡
ϹԪһЦ¶Ũҵš
Ӱټң״ڿʦҴдδϾЩǴõѧԱһа٣µľսսֱȤ
峤˵Ŀ
ٴο
Ȼ
Ǭͷ
ڵӣվ˵һµˣԳ֣δܹ䣬ԡ
еʤ㡣
Ȼˣĭְɣ
ӦϹԪ˵ͷĭղռݣܵЩˣǵԣӦò̫ǿ
ԷĻǬƤҪڵϣĶҪըˡ
ӣ
űżҴһӰټܹٴδ򡭡ѵעҪҴӴ˥ܣ
ɣҿĸУ
ҲĿҪըˣҲ̲סһ̨м䡣
Ǻǣ
ĭ꣬һЦһԷǰʥض龳ڣҲ۸㣬ڽΪѹƵͬ磡

Էһ½գ۹ͺͬ
ʼɣ
ѹƺΪһΣһ˹
꣡
ۻӶ
ʥӵѵʱȣʵٴ˽ûͻƣȴҲ붴龳ڲԶˡ


1609 ԣ
಻Ƕ֣
һĻ̲סҡͷ
λõˣÿռվ룬˵Կռգ⣬ѾԶˣ໹һأټ϶似һȼϣֻʱ⣡
صͷ
Ӱټңǿǵõ˿ʦԴУǿ似ʤʦֻܲǿҵ似ٸҲ϶Ȳϡ
Ӧһ̨Ͽȥ
ʱλĭܵѹˣֻûжදָֻǰһ㡣

ܵĿռǱסһ㣬ûκЧֻܿͣʩչȴƺû˿
һֿռ似⾵˳
⾵
ǽ˷ӡռڣͬ˾վӣĹǿͣҲ޷ͻƾӶǰߡ似Դԭÿռ˳׷ס˵Ӷ޷ӳ
ɫأȻȲķռ䣬ȴҲ֮ͬˣ
ȷУ㣬ͬҲɣü
似˵Ҳкܴ׶ˡ
еˣȻ޷ǰߣǰߣͬ޷˺ˡ
Ҳ˵ǽӡˣȴδκ˺ͽ޹
ռͬռǿߵģɱ˶ԷҲ練ơ
ǹƻ桭սʱȻóƿؾӣҲƿȨռݺܴƵģ
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⵹ǡ
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ƿؾӣʱʲôʱѣҲܾѣͳ˶Ԫþ˷ʤԵֵ
⾵ȷס࣬ûôף
п꣬ŵ
δ䣬ͼе࣬ͷһӿϢƻ͵ǰһ

鿪
ȼѪ
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ʵȻԿ౻У֪ԷԿռգȷԶʤԼҲͲסѪ
ԿռգܲԷѪһתԿռ̴Żƾ棬ĭ
¡
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̨ϵĵذ壬һѣ
ˡ
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ԿλĭļһʩչĶǿռϵ似䶼С
ǡ
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ͬ򲻹ҲͰˣû뵽ЩҲͬ򲻹ָ߸ϵ˿ȫӰ丵βʣ
ڸô죿
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ʵֻǶ龳ΪѪѾһ۷Ĵˣ˰µģΪߣͬսҲδܹʤ
սԷģǱһʤ㶼ûС˾͸ˡ
ڡó֣
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Ŀǰ˵ԿռģǱˣԼλŮ
飬û⣬ԿռĲٿأǰߣֻǿ
żҵһߣͰԼһֱû
ɫһ
֮ΪԸܵõɱ˵˻飬תһŮ뿪ʵ̫ˡ
˿ɹڷ
ΣͷݲˣСˣȥгɡ
ҡҡͷǬ
ǣ
˵ͷ붯һϹԪᵭһЦ֮УʵͶԿռȰ㣬ˣٶ࣬ãûиģֱɣңҲЩЩ桭
㡭
Է˵ֱӣǬҪը뷴̨£һԶѣ硭
ţһݿݻƵˣȺл˹
ԣ


1610 ͣ
˭
֪
ȻûӦ֧ӵܰɣ
˵ʵ֧ӵУҲʶ²ôȻˣȥʲô
Ҳ֪ʵЩᣡ

ͻȻðˣ̨һȻһ㲻
ͬһһĻʶǰλȴĺܣûһϵó
ǡ
ǬҲһ£ü
ģ˼֧ӵܣҳ겻ڼ壬峤ʶҲ
ȭ
ȻΣǹֲǸģд˻ᣬȻҪ档
ԣϹԪ˵û̫ɣֱӷ
ģ
ǬתͷһĴ᳾ͼҲһͷˮȫ㲻ðġ
崫֦꣬ɢҶ֧ûף鲻һλǱĿ޵ĺ󱲡
Ƭ̣᳾ֵȷʶǰλһЦ
ˣȱݣÿ겻ٳȥӵܣ˭Ҳܱ֤û黨ǲݣһãƾòѪĻ̽
ţ
ǬЩεĿģΪ飬ҿ⣬ӰټҵǿߣԵĸǶԿռʵǿܽ⡭
֧ӵܣܹʤԷ
ĵ࣬ܵף˾͸˵ˡ
ԣ֧ӵܣˡҲΣ
ǬĬ
Է˵ĲѾܶˣ֧ɹʧܣڸ㡣
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ϹԪüëһ壬ɫŲãϹϣݹʥѪսյʦµĹأ䲻Ѳɣ裿
ӵܣǶ֣ҸԼʶ֧δ̫˷˰ɣ
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ұȾͲұȣҽڣ˫ֱɫȻ
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ĭĿҪը
ӰټҵˣƧ֮صҲˣȻ˵⻰֪֪Լм
룬һǬҲסͷ
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ǸһҪ
һҲкһ
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վ
һ۲ԶĿռݣҲûкζһֱŵļһͻȻ͵ͣת͵ᱻһ˵

һĭ۾Բ
ֻǿվתڳܹģҲֻʦϹԪᡭҪѼ󹦷ǰһһۣת
ôģ
ϹԪҲһס
⣬öԷǹǣ˿̲ףò֧ĸ֡
Ǭ˸ȫһǼһı顣
ѵ
һǬ뵽ʲôæԶĴ᳾
Ӧǵģռʵ벻ڻкˣܹռݣתѸݣ
᳾̲סͷ
һֱںӵѰңû뵽ȻǸ֧
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Ҫˣҽɨأ޷̧ͷζû뵽֮ǰǸһֱҲ˷ĳţԼˣ
Ǹ϶ϲ֧
ݸתһǲԻҶˡ
һеѹϹԪһתͷĭСһЩԿռ򣬱˿
ǣʦ
Ҳ֪ǰ˲򵥣ĭ֮ģٴм䣬ȭαԣ뿪ڰɣֻվҿ䣡
αԣ
ɱҲջһûУĿ㡭ҳ𣿡
㡭ĭɫǺ졣
ǸϼһɣҪôһϣ
һȻ


1611 һ

Сӣ֪ں˭˵
֪ߵغе츳β;̵ȥˣΣʲôˣ

ĻϹԪȫըˣһŭĿӣҪǹ˼ݣ϶һ˺ˡ
һϡΪ˭
ʫ
Ǭ⻰ͬʱ鴤һ£
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Ϊɶ֮󣬾ôˬأ
͵͵ǧЦȻΰ
ӰټҵˣҲʦ½ֹǣһ򲻸濹⡭ڣһԷġ
һ֣Ӱټңʲô֮У
˵ĺã
ղǲǺ𣿡
ҸеİҪ̬ȣǸ˻飿
ʮӣ
𺳣̨µӵܣȫ˷ܵؿҪ
һı˿ڵͷš
ԣǿ֮ϣƥݵʵ
࣬ϹԪһ˦䣬̧ͷ˹ÿռһֱת˵ԿռѾﵽ˵ľʵվݵĻĭȷǶֱ֣ԣ㻹ǰ˵ɣĪʱˣӰټ۸ˣ
Ҳԣ۸ǣûʲô壬ҺһҲս
վѣֻҪԸ⣬ת춼̫ݣȻҪȻǴͷתС
սȷ
ϹԪỹûü˵һĭ۾ʱ
ռⲻԷΪõĳţ似ѧ˲֪٣ΪҲȶԷҪߣսĻҪʤ׾٣
պÿԽѵһ֪ߵغСӣ̽ô˵ôˣ
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΢΢һЦ
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ڿֱߵģ˿ˣÿռԣĿռŤŤռߣֱߡʶ޷ֶΣȻά̫ʱ䣬սʱ˲Ϣٱ䣬޷ռ˾ơ
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ž
һ죬ԭһĵط˲伷һӰˤڵϣһͷ̨ԵѪ赹ڵء
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һڵϣУһһ飬Ǵ磬ϹԪλȫɫһ䡣
λĭ֮УǣѿԷվԭزһƾͳɣסôģ
ǬҲԭأһı顣
˵ʤϣãӰټҵλǿ߾ͱ֪ģδ̫˰ɣ
λ꣬λĭ˵ҩŻת˫۴͵ĿſУĸо
ӣ⣬ԷôôŤĿռ֮УһƳ
ʦԸһȣ
֪ܵĴ̫Ҫһʱ䣬Уһ˳ȭ
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˵ղžνһ֣Ѿ֪ʵҲҵ
ʦģ
˵ͷĿһ棺Ըһȡ֪Ҳӭս
㣿
һϧ˵һϣȻֻаķݡɣҲ۸ˣһӵʱ䣬Ҳ֣


1612 óȫ
⻰һΣŭðʱҪը
һ˵һ䣬ûᵱ
Ϊﵽ𣬱˵һӣʮ֮һ룬Էֳһ룬ֱ֡ǳӣ
Ҫб¾ͷӳǿʵҿʲôʵ
ҧ
ȷһɡ
ȷҿɲϹĭһֻʩչóѣһʩչǿʵ֪Ӱټҵˣ衭
¡
УϵϢֱȻͬѹƵʥ۷壬ȴһִʥ֮Уǿַ
ȻˣҾͿʼˡ
⸱ģĵ˵ͷ
ʼɣҲʼǰ˽й;ǰһؿһʹ
꣡꣡
߹Ƕ˺ü˲䵹ɳȥſڵϣǰһҲ˹ȥ֮ǰĭһҲʱʱ鴤һ㡣
Ҳ㣬ֱӳֵġ
ڵϣ֪εƣ޹Ƕˣ˵Ҫһ롭Ӱټҵˣǲ裬żһ£Ҳ޷ΪԺϰߵģ

֣һûס˵⻰ʣ꣬ˢˢ˳һҧгݣ޲ýǰλƤ
Ӱټң㻹ʦ½ʷĵһˣ
ǰɣҲҺǶһս
꣬һһңվ࣬ĿҪȼա
һҲãʡĳ֣˵ʵҲ۵ģ°ͣ˵ͷ
ۣ
ðܹһƣһţҲۣ
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Ҫ
޳ܾôоһ£漴ҡҡͷٴο̨
λԱ֮ǰǿ֣λģҲ鲻Խǵġ
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ɡ
һϹԪᾫУ˹
ǰλʵͨղŵսѾ˳ѹΪҪʤҲѣ϶Ҫóȫ
ȻǰǡղŶԷϹĭսʱ򣬶ǿ
뵽⣬ҲͲס֣óȫҶս
ȫüЩΪѣȷ
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ȻΪݹʥĺˣʵãϻеġϣܳȫ
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ôʦʥˣѹΪñõĻصӰټңҲԶ̧ͷ
⡭Ҳգ
̬棬˵ͷǺã׼ʩչȫˡ
ɣҿʦ½λ˽ռ򵽵ľĳǿߣж
죬ϹԪһȣδ䣬һӼٵ𣺡ʦСġ
ಣ
ûӦϹԪ;һۣգۼǰľٺˣԭ˶ҽһСڵ㣬ʧߣҲ


1613 Ǽ
ۣ
ֱ˿̣žȫһͣǻ˶Ҫըˡ
ܲסһѪ֪ʱϹԪҲѹڵ
¡¡
񲻻Ѫ
һգ۹Ϊ׻ָ´ﵽ˲ླתڿУסΣɫס
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ǡɳ
̲ס鴤л
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Ǽ񲻻ﵽԲǿߣҲδܹɣ
һʥء
ʵѹҪͬʱϡһϣͬҲǶְ
嶶һ£ϹԪŸе¡
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㳡ͼղŶֵģ֮ǰλϣǰһڵĻһ߳һ߽ͣ˰ûЩˣͳ˵㣬ҪҪһ𡭡

ϹԪؿڷۡ
ǱģǱġ
ԿԷʱԻǹģӰټҴõĸ֣սһʦ½ļ壬һȭɡûɻ˼ҳԻȡ
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ѵ̫㣬ôܻӭô
֪ͨһЩͺˣֻǡҪβܱͨ
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˭ܽ̽ҡԽ


1614 ҵˣ
ץ̲סȺеؿȥȴһЦӯӯһԼŪ£Լܵı顣
ӣ֪סˣֻε̧ͷǰǬ೤ϡ
λ飬ҿ⣬Ұ׹ˣʵڲʣ
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ҡ
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˿ǰ˵ãҵѪ̫ϡ֮λҪᣡ
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ԷѪϡĺԲƣֻС޸Էˡ
Ҳ˵Σλģ뵱峤ȻҪ»Իͣû䡣
Ը᳾Ҵתʱ䲻˹һһװĶڸ̨Ͽա
ҼѪġѪ̡ΪʮȼҲһʮ֣һ̺ʮ֮һѪʮѪһĺӵܣҪӵСϵı׼ͨҲҪһϡû취ڼȥ䵽֧𣡡
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ãѪϡԺԲƣȻⶫҲģ
΢΢һЦ
ֻ̺Ѫп̶ȣѪͶԷ˸ӶϹϵȻõġ

ָһһѪҺֱԶѪ̷˹ȥһмİϡ
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ôǾţѪһǻˡ
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żҵˣôѪûȴҵѪһôߣ
ѲɡԼʵݣżСţߵĸ磿
ô£
ץǽŵǬǵˣҲͬʱס漴ͬʱ񣬲û
ѪΪšҲʹǰλҵˣģԶǵģ
ѹܹ⣬ûѪҲʸ
ӭ
ҲͲסȭ
ӭ
Ҳˢˢݵ
֮ǰҪ˵ǱΣҪǰλڣӵ˾Ѫͳˣ
ҡ֧΢
ʧǡ
ֲǫˣѪУϸպġ֧һУЩˣǺģȴҲϡĿԺԲƣЩ֧ȴҲܹ棬𾪡ˣÿ궼Ҫ¼Ѫѡ˲š֧ӵ־ѪȻǺߣ
ӣǬΪ̫ˣЦŽ͡
ѪУϸŴɵģЩ˻зҲЩˣԽŴԽƫԶʧ
ǰλΪ֧ȴӵ˺ĵӶԴﵽľѪ̶ȣǰҲʷɲ飬мѭǿѨ硣
ѪѾⶨ˼Ŀռ⣬Īƴǣ
ǰٲƴˣҪ򡭡
ֻ㣬ȶҵġ
㲻Ӧ潫˥䣬ҲΪˣ
೤Ҳæڡ
ץͷ
ӦѪֻΪ˷ܾζû뵽Σǵܾˣ֤ݡ
ҡι뽫ķڳȥ̰ĽȨơ˰죬ֻõ
࣬ʦ
սͨϥŵصڸǰĿг˼ᶨ
ϡ
ԭأɴס
˵ҿ죬һ졭ֱӰʦĺ


1615 ٴε峤
֪ǺãֻǰһסԷ˫ۣôǿѡ
ʶʼͺܺϿζȻûΪĴ˸磬ߵֳҲδĹģ
㵱ֵܣȴΪʦ
żλϣģ죡ʵǿѾ׷ϲϣʦķѧɺ󣬱ѩޣɱǸˡƥĲΪˡ
ҧгݣಢ
ǰһڣһ򣬲ιȥֻһͷֻȰολҲܲǹġ
㵱ֵܣǵΪʦҪɱҡ˭˭ˣ
ǹ⣬Ϳģܲˣǹ⣬Ϳңһƨһ̧֮ͷǰȫֻҪΪͽϵɽ»𺣣ϧ
⡭
ץˡ
֪Ͳˣɶ¡
˵ΨһϿɵѣȻҪʦؼʦĿΪɱԼ
ҵ׽أǲ̣
ƣתͷٴؿȥͼһЦӯӯƺ֪һ㣬˿⡣
أ֪һᱻѪѵöαװŪģ
һһ£Ҳ̲סȥ
϶ҵˣȷȻҲܺżСȫǺϣȼżѪ
ȻǣѪȴԳš˼ǰҲֻһֿܣǾǡظαװ⣡
ţǲߵɣԸıòϢαװҪαװѪʥ˵˷⣬ﵽʥµѪһģһﵽŲʲôشش
⡭
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˰죬⣬֪Ͳˡ
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ɫͣ仯ǬΪԸ⣬Ҳ̲סæ
ҲԸ⣬ǡ治ʺҼҡͷɣҪѯһҵӣ
־棬ŷģȻˡ
û취ֻˡ
ɩҲˣ
˵ҪӣǬһ£漴
һЦһƣϬɣ

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峤ҴӦӣһΣȨ븡ơԣĺ񰮣ֻܸˣ
סصƣĴƵ
⡭
סƣɫһ죬ǰһһۣȻ˵Ҿ˵乫ʵǼҲûʲô
ţ
һΣ۾
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Ǳ飬û취ңλĿģ뽫ķȥ߳˻ӰֻҪܴӦҪ峤Ҳûʲôصͷ
ãҴӦ
Ǭæͷ
£ǿԴ㣬֮ǰ˵ˣܽ⴫Ǿ͸ˣ
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Է϶ưոݣȴӦǵαװģҲ֪Ժ˲ݣʱˣȻȷµ峤
ӦĴ
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Ҳֻˡ
Σǵ˵ͷ
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ˣ֮лиңҪҪҲȥһȦ
ܻܲûԸɵ峤
ˣ峤
Ӧʣµľͼˡ
պ˶ڣΪżҵӭףֶҲ׼ʮȫܿͽ峤ļλ䡣
æżλҼ뿪ϹԪˣһǰУһơ
ʦûɣǸô죿
Ҳ̲סһʵ
ô죿ȥܳͷɣ
ҡҡͷϹԪʧ䣬һɣҸطһ£ָʵȥżңðһţҲżҡҲУ
ֻˡͷδ䣬ͻеµĿռһᣬ޷ǰС
ͫһ˼æǰȥ漴ͿһӰڲԶǰһԲ飬תž˵
ꡭߣǲ̫ûòˣ
תͷŮɫȻ


1616 ߵʵ
˭
ܵԲľ޴ѹȸУϹԪͫһ
ǰλʵܲߣǰԲʵ̫ˣӵзռãңŮϣһ壬̼䷢ӳΪ֮η
ʦӦҵλС
ʲôϹĭæ
СܰϹԪȭͷһ
˵һλС츳˫ֻιȥûҲûжᣬû뵽ԷܵǣѲɣΪԼʵԽס
ܰӽ쿪ʼҽСߣŮ
Ǳˣߣʵ֣߲ܰǻѡ
Ҳʲôҵˣҵȼˣ޻˵֪⣿ϹԪüͷһ塣
ûʲô˼ɫȻĿְɣ
֣
ϹԪס
Ȼ㲻֣ɣ
һҲкζеԲһ죬һ˲һǰǰһ
أ
Ѫ磬̵ɶһգ۹򣬾ˣӣûĸ£û취ˡ
ôĵӡ
꣬û뵽ô죬û˵Ͷ֣ȫɫ࣬ˢˢ֡
ݺᣬϢֱۻŮ֡
Ҫ
ѧ䣬ʩչǿսϹԪǴûеοͫһæȡ
ʱѾˡ
أأأ
겻֪ʱѾ͵һһڵϣˣû´
㡭
ϹԪҪըˣæдɱ⣺Ҫʲô
ʲôְɣ
úϻ̧ǰ
Ķ죬ͥŲÿһ׵ľ룬ûȻϹԪǰ
û뵽ԷеԲ飬ԿռҪǿϹԪͷƤըҲ˲϶룬һǿ󵽼
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ӰټҵǿߣݹʥĺˣսѹΪ似ʩչ˿ȫתܵն飬ߣ
ˣҲ񱻳գһյĻ

ݲģ߼ǰָǰһ㡣

ӿڿжϹԪʩչҲǱ˿Уһܶ
ָһ
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ϹԪ͵صɶڿУѪͿɫɷףֻһ£֪Ȼ˼صƣûЩѧأȴҲָʱˡ
дž֣ǰȥͼŮѾԶȥڿУƮƮӡ
Ȼͣͷ­תֻ±Ӱ
ңȻȲӺˣҲ۸´Σսߣʱ򣡡
˵꣬ռһѺۣһ̤Ůԭʧ
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뿪ϹԪ˿æѧÿ˷һöҩ̲סп
ʦ½ʦãҲǿʦѵ˼Ȼ״
ͺŵˡµĶ滨ѵ˼ͺߣͬն
οڼȣռ䣬»Ϊʵ׾٣ѹ壬䳼ζû뵽һССңôǿ
ؼŮʮ꣡
ʮʣϵϴõǼλ˰ɣ
ġߡʦ½Ҳûеôһء
ʦǽô죿
ϰ죬һŻָһЩԪܹڣżһȥȥ
ȥ϶Ҫȥû취£ƾǣ϶УϹԪüë
ڵˣҲҪѲٴۺʱ䣬һżҲŪȥ޻ˡ
ʦ˼ǡ
һ¡
ʦѶһֱ֣ǵİջһЩҵöòżҵһҪõ
üëһϹԪߵ
ãʦѶ
⻰꼱æͷ
ʦ˵ģʦǫ̈̄࣬ʥĺˣڴõк͵λʦҪߣ֣ܸıڵľ棬Ӱټң˱
ţЩˣɣȡǸϹ֮ǰָһЩЦ
ϹԪ˵ͷٲ˵۾ҩָơ
ѧҲҶ˵ŵ
Ϊ׾Ҿͷζû뵽ôĿ
磬Ȼûô򵥡
Ի


1617 ָ
ӿռѷ֣߻صңٴλصԼķ䡣
ΪҪӮȢţĻϲζûϵһ֡
ʹ֮£鼤˭֪Լ;ںϣӳףƿٽһ
ʱӰټҵǰսֻ򾲿ûʱ뿪ϣڵ飬Ѿˣʱ˺ѿռ䣬׷϶Էѵһ١
ΣҵһӣɶԷ裬޶ԡ
λģȷǸţûо飬ȻҲ˷⡭ڣ룬ڲڣ޹ؽҪˡ
ӣܵļδ䣬һЦ
ţ㱯ˣ飬һҪ֧ţͱеΡͻȻð˸ģȻˡ
ȻˣҪȥѰҵҸ
üëһվ
һֱǱܣڵΪ壬ҲԸⷴ
ڣֻȡԼĸ飬ٲȥˡ
ʦΣ
ߣ˿ܵõʦģҲһܣ
˾һ·
ʦʱ̬Ⱥӣ΢΢һЦһΣ߳䣬ֱշȥܿʧ

Ƿ򷽷ڹۿʲô׵ģһָ㣡
һķָһ㣬޸Ĺࡣ
ιΪȻġ
ֻܹѧᣬֻ޸һ٣Ϳλ츳ˡ
лʦ
ܵԺж֪ʶ༤ƣڵء
Ϊӵܣѧϰķռ䴫УͶԷ֪ʶȣ˲֪١
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Ĺڣݶ飬㲻״Ҳʤ״ˡ
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ȻûʦȴӵʦĶ飬ʦܣȻ֣̿ѧϰ
⡭Ҳգ
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㣬¼ʦĹ֮УֻҪΪʦҪԣʦõļල
֪ͺã
˵ͷزٶ˵
ʦģ࣬ⱲӾʦ֣ҳ֣ʦÿڣҲҪԷΪüë
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˵֮꣬վ
Ȼ״ȴҲʦĴУǶԷѧˡ
ˣ
µʱԺһٴζһɫ鼮֪Ǹжų֣Ҳ˵
˼ʱ⣬ģϸѯʣֱɫڽ֪ʶڻͨ
Ȼ⣬⣬һӦÿ⣡
˿
ȷôݣָ㣬еı׶ˣһͻƣܹġ
лʦ༱æȭ
ҲܸоʦȥϰӦȽϿ졣
֪ʦ⣬˶೤ʱ䣿
һᣬȻоܴҲ̲סǺ档
ſķ⣬ǴôõĹ̫ǿˣһ¾ͻƣλʦԿռ򣬸жǿ
ֻ˶ã
ң
ü롭
˵꣬ͣ˴żӣţžôʱ䣡
һ´סĵʱҪʦ˼ǡֻ˼룿
ɣҲܳһЩǲˣʱ򣬸оʱʧ
°͡
ʱռɳ޷ǰҲ޷뿪û취ֻҪѼ鼮취ܿأ÷ռɳ
ʱ㣬ȷӦþͼӡ
ҡ
ʧǡ
ΪԼһŬ⣬ǿû뵽λʦӱ̬򡭡
꣬
ȥɣȡͻƣҲӵиǿʵ
⸱飬εҡҡͷ
˵ʵѡ̫ܲ˴˰ɣ
ǣ֪ʦܱȣȥ
뿪ԶǬ۾Ź⣺Ǽ壬ͻƴʥĵúͷ֪ںδ
Ѿﵽʥ۷쵽һ죬ʱõģҲͻˣ


1618 Ҳر
ʥ֮Ҫ⣬ÿߵĵ·ͨҲһˣûضͻƷҲûضĹڵֻȥѰҸǿµĵãȻҳһʺԼķ
ͻƴʥĵãǿ鼮ӵв٣ֻܲοѧϰ
Ǭ
ǰĵãԲοÿ˵ʲͬͬȫհᣬ򣬷ǵͻƲˣп߻ħ
лѣģͷ
Ǿͺã峤˼۷֮һȻ֪أ
˵ǬЦЦ
Է⣬Կռⶼ츳֮ǿӹɣ˵ĶˣЩˡ
ȥɣ㼴ɣ
֪Ҫ飬Ҳ˵˵ͷ
ţǬȥʱ䲻һ⡣
㣬ǼӵܿѧϰģĲǳϿԿġ¼ͻƴʥĵã
¥ϵĲ㣬Ǭǰһָ
ȥǰݵ鼮ǸֱʼǣҲҲЩŵʱˣѾȱֺҳ
Щ飬ֻǲο㷭һ£ûγϵ峤ۿʲôҪĻ˵ɣ
Ǭ
ţлˣ㿴ʲô£϶鷳ģ
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Ǭٶ˵ȥ
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ȷ
һһ鼮Ժ
æܿ쿴ꡣ
ЩĵѼȻûγȴҶԴʥ˸˽⣡
񲻻ʶÿһϸÿһǱĬ壬óʥֻӳ
֮ǰʶɨӣ͸⣬뾭ﵽ񲻻ľ磬ȻԽϸ
˻ģֲ߳ģ취滻Ӷһֱ۷״̬սҲʵǿ
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ѼֻԺһ飬˰죬εҡҡͷ
Ȼô׵ģ㿴ô飬ûʵķ
Ƚ鼮ȫѼлżоżӦҲƵĵá
֪¼ãֻ÷зҵ˼¥ȥ
ǹͻƴʥĵãӦûи߼ᡣ
ʱ䲻ߵ¥ÿ鼮Ҳȫսͼݡ
߳󣬷Ǭδ뿪ڲԶȺЦЦʵͻƣҪһЩƾƷʯ̺ı֪ȡΪ峤ȡ٣ûж
鼮ҪͻƣҪʯ֮ıȻҼȻҪúԴˡ
ִĴ˵һЩʯѣʲô
峤жոΪôĹѫԴʹã
Ϊʲô£ǬЦЦ·һһر󣺡ǼʢűĵطڵӵĽҲǴ﷢ţ峤ۿֻҪϵģ߾ǣҪǼǡ
л
û뵽峤Ȩ˫۷Ź⡣
ߣǡɲԽЩȫᵽԼָ
Ҫһ¾ͷˣ
Ȼ룬Ҳ֪϶
κ飬̲ʦֲС͵ֱӽ˼ϵװգ϶ʡ
رķļ˸ָıʯԼʯ
ǹЩƷ֮ģҲϣΪﵽ־磬ƷʯЧҲˣԣûͣ
ţʲô
ţͻȻͣ½Ųüëһ
ԶļϣһյУɢеĶ
ֻʯеõģʲôֻ֪޷Ҳû취ȡеͷ
УǬЦŽ͡
ʯһ£ǰһ죬˹򿪡
ңҡ
ûüۿʲôͻȻһһζһٴ˹
˭Ī


1619 ˵
ڣܺоͨģǼ
һͷǰ͹۵ռ䣬ûųˣԴ֪عǱӡʥӵҲһֱûʲô˵ûõʶͷŲһŲ֪˵˵ˡ
С봢ָҲݲҲǹ
ͻأڣ۵Ӥǻ
ʲôϢĽˣȻ֪飿
һæӣɨһȦȴʲôû֣ҲͲס˭װŪ
ʲôװŪС
æش
ͷƤըС
أ
һ«Ťһƨɡ
һ
⣬֮ǰ֪ԣ굽ڲϲ׵硭ôͻȻ˵ˣ
СΪǺ«ް
ˣöʯùŤƨɡ
ԣüϵʲô
֮ǰͲ²⣬ûô򵥣û뵽Ȼ˵еҪʯͷѲɣϳʲôˣ
֪֪ܳԣ

ԣ
ɻĽöʯ˳ָһͼһΣһ鼮渡ֳһּɾʱѷɳ֮ֵ
ɾֵʲô˼
ü
⻹ǵһΣͼݲⶨƷϣô
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̲סҡͷ
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ֻǺ«ҲͰˣͻȻܹ˵ʵڷĲ¡
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Уһǲģҽöɾ㣬뿪ҵĵ봢ָ
һ£
İɣҳɾٴ˯϶ᳳ㡭ƺ˵طԸ뿪
ü
«ûκΰ취֮ǰȥòΪﵽʥ۷壬ҲԹͬȡ
һֱŲߣ񲻵װ˸ʱը˵ᵷң˭֪᲻
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ȥָг˯²˵һ¸
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ĵڣָǶ۵ռ䡭ûͨˣ⴩ֱӽУԿռãȻҪǿ
⵽ʲô
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֮ǰѧϰ֪ʶʱͼһµ֮ᣬⶫ˶ѹƣѹƸ«Ӧòѡ
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еףԷֲڵڣ˿̧ͷԶǬЦЦⶫǷߣ
ȱоΣ֪ΪΣ峤Ҫ߾ǣ
Ǭͷ
л
ԣ˿һָ
«Уʱ˷ܵĳ˹ȥһŤеɾʧ֪ǲǱˡ
ţԼ˵һ˳˯ٲ
һ˵ĺ«
һû˿ͬʱסͷ
߰Ķ̫ˣ˵ķ˵ĺ«˵ĳǹҿָУЩʳӣ˵˵ӣҪ
ȥͷ«ǰȥʱ䲻ȻҵһЩĶ
ҺеҩҲЩĵر
ò˵Ϊ½еڶļ壬ղعȻ
ȡһЩԼʱͻƣٲΪĶ˳
ô˵ǶԷȱŪģһӵܵαװߣҪգʵ̫ˡ
ˣҲ˲ٺö
˵ϴ˽ʥıһĻõģϴεʮҪΪ峤ͱǬϳˡ
ȥѰһԵȡͻƣʲô£ҴѶҾͻ̸ϻ
պƷһĵ


1620 ȥɣ
ѰһԵȿȣ
ǬûˮǺ
ΪԷ֧ӵܣҲδֹԼĸ鲻һôʣĿĺܼ򵥣ԼйУΪЧ
һﵹã˶رĴŶûҪ
ҪҪô죿
峤ְλ̫ںҲ治ɶܲʰɣ
峤ȱæѰһԵղ೤һҪᡭֻҪ꣬ȥҲ޷
һΣǬڵ
ʲô
żҵ˻£峤Ѿ֪Ǭ
ţͷ
£ǣ֪һ
ңʦ½ڶ壬һ˾ǵô˵棬ֳһ涪ˣûа취ǱҲûʲô峤֣ӰټҵŶǶ֡
Ǭ˫۷Ź⡣
ǰλ˷⣬ͬ޵УΪ֮ߣƽδ
ԡ೤飬峤棬ȥżңĳ豨ȷҵϣ˶֪ң衭
ȥżұ𣿡üë
λżҼʵʥسڣǰϸոͻƵģ츳˫ҲȹΪ϶Ȳ峤㡭峤ͬϹԪᶼܻܣѵһԼʵ͵Ӧ׾٣
Խ˵ǬԽ೤ϵ˼ܼ򵥣峤ȥսż峤Ҿٴ۷磬ϴˢ֮ǰˡ
ż֮ţΪλʥӵʦʦ֣ӸǸ
ֻҪλ峤ȥѵһ٣޷֣ƽ˭˵ʲô
żңȷϣǡҲǣŶԷ½
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ץͷ
Ϊңµǿ峤ȥϴˢ裬ȷû⣬ɡؼǡǸҲң
ԼԼ
ҪҪôӣ
£ֻҪɹҲ»ָɢģҲٴۡ峤Ҫƴǣɺ峤ȥﶼС
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򣬵ƾȷ峤˵仰ȥ棿
Ӱټҵ£ǣ̫󣬲ùֻżҼ֣һĵǰľ档
ҿһ£һᣬһᡭ
ؿۣɫķࡣ
ΪɶÿˣžԼɶ£
˻ֲġ
ûˣ峤ʵǬЦЦ߳ر⣺೤϶Ѿڴ׼ˣھͿԳ
ڳһΡ
𲻸ҹңܹ꣬裡峤Ӱټұȶ£ǣܴ󣬲⴫ˣżҿ϶Ҳ֪һλˣҪˮ
Ǭ͵رȭ峤ϣΪˣҲΪ˴ң

ᡣ
ǹңûҵĸܣ
費峤żҵġԼȥսԼԼ
೤ϵ
ƵĿҪըǬԥһ£ֻõ
峤룡ûܾǬ˿
Ȼжλʮַŭһȷгı죬ҲżڣԺĵطֻҪܽ䱩ᣬ裬ɨ壬ʢ
ܿ죬Ȼ೤ãţһؼæ
峤ھͳ𣿡
Ǹ˵
֪ңҲš

һȭͷ

۾ڡ
ɶ¡
⣬ֲܹܵˣӲ˼
ҲͰˡ
ҪȥԼ
˿̽¶˵Լֲ˷ǵŪûᱻԷΪǹϷˣšң޵͵Ŀܡ
ֱӷս
ҵ飬ҿ⣬ȥսżңҾʱû졭˰죬ֻõ
λʵȷǿҲͬ޵У峤ϹԪᶼܻܣʤѣιƽȶϰʦùս㣬أżҹ˼治ܾΪ˵ʱ죿
ǰǸ֧ӵܣƽʱҲδֹʮֵ͵½ҲûʲôѪǶɣˡǶˣοˡβǽѵżλ֪ߵغҪΪ峤ȷô½˶֪

ƴǣһڳ۷׷ס


˶˵ĺео֪λشˡ


1621 Ϳʦʲôϵ
ʵ೤ϺǬ˼Ҳס
λ̫СˣҪҿȷϣֻȥλͷ
ƣתͷһ࣬ȺԼأͼһ΢ЦԴʶһֱôûЦôù
ʱˡ
ǲŮѣˣȻһ仰˵
ʵҾãӦã
֪λشô˵ΣͼֹͣЦ⣬
Ӧһ飺ңȥԼ
⵹ǣȥżңȻҺʵʱ¶ݣһɸΪ񲯣Ҷżҵĳޣ㲹Խ࣬ԺսĿԽ󣬻һԽˡ
ؽ͡
⡭Ĭ
Է˵Ĳ
ڵӣżҲ죬ĺʵϵڻϽͣǵỺƣԽԽң
Ҫתߣܲˣҳ״ֻʱ⡭Ǳڵ糹׽һݡ
ܲܣһαװģһɡ
Ҫ۶ˡ
Ҳֻˡ
ͨ㣬ȻΣյ˵ͷһܣãҴӦλھȥżң
ȥżң

Ǹ

೤һ˷ܡ

׼ˣͬ⣬Ļɣȫˢˢкʥޡ
һ˲䣬ʮͷʥڿУۻ롣
֪һĿռ似ɣҲܴ͹ȥֱӷУ׳ƣֻ÷ˣôͨĴ㡣
ڷʥޱϣǰЦĿأһԹ
ң
⵽׵˭ˡ
ˣȥˣǾͻƴʥɣ
ȻƣȴҲ֪ȻٶҲã۾ϸ俴ĵúᣬ취ʥ硣
ǲͻƴʥ
죬ЩĵãҪ̵ʱһؿ˹
ţͷ
ǰλŮҲûʲôġ
ˣܻҪһ£ô죬ţǰλȫҪ
Ҳ֪Ǽֲ֣ʲôԭͻƵٿ죬Է𾪣ƺеȻ
ȱżʥ򣬷ΪطʥʥҲڲ֮ͬóȻͻƣòʧص
ڲͬɻĿ
ﵽʥʱǰλѰҿʦʥ֮أʥ̨ɹͻƣˣڵۻޱȣ˫ܹͬʤ
ѲɡʥҲзʥһ˵
ʥûзʥһ˵ƺɻصǣͬʽĴʥҲͬ
⡭
䲻֪ԼλŮѣǺݣϣԱ֪ĸ࣬ʥ϶Ҳ
˿̣Ȼ˵϶ǲͬġ
ţʥĵһ𣬽񲻻ʶԽϸӰ³´л
ɫأͻƣҪʶϱøǿϸ˳ͻơܳΪʥȴͼģҲΪƷͻ֮
ƷƷ
ߣͻƣܹ⣬ʦ½ΨһһƷҳɹġֻһˣ
ص
˵ʦ
æ
ʦ½ҫ۵ֻпʦһҪһ˿
ǿʦ
ص˵ͷʥ۷ʱ𣬶дʶգҲøӼǿˡͻƺҲΪԶͨʥܳΪǧŵһˣ˿Դ棡
𣿡һ
֮ǰʦԷר˵Ҫڵֻ̥ҪΪʦ𼴿ɡ
ʦʥأǰ벽ǡ
ʦΪأǰ벽ǣ
һЩҲԸʥ۷ǿߣʦĻ£ǣҪΪʦҪľǡͻƴʥ
Ѳɡʦ˵ģΪʦʦô£ʵƴʥõǡƷͻ֮
׽һߵһֳͷͻʥ򣬾ʥ٣ǲǸе˺ܶ࣬ԽսҲʮּ򵥣
ʵ
ûзϡ
ߣҪʥسϾܽ׽ٴԪ񣬵ʥ٣껹˳Ľǿ˲֪١
Ҳ˵ĻȷʶǿսҲΪ֮ӡ
ҿô飬δͻƴʥƷƷֻпʦһأ㡭ε֪ģ
ҲͲס˹Ϳʦʲôϵ


1622 ʥӵϮ
ԼλŮѣҵʥ̨۵ռ˿ںʦױʣ˵Ҫ٣ж١
ṬҲֻΪѰƷʥĹΪ⡭
ڸֱ˵ʦһ˲ͻƷѲͿʦеĹϵ
Ȼ֪ô
ҡһ䣬سĬƬ̣¶˰󣺡ǱˣҲҲˣǲģ
ɡ˵ܣȴҲ֪ûκΰ취ֻ̾Ϣһ˶Σ㡭ڵ𣿡
˵꣬ǽţЩ١
ϴߣû˵ԼŪᣬǰλҲܳˡ
˵ҲУ߱£Ҳҵ
رش𣬵Էᶨشƺһεҡҡͷǣ
ǣǡ
ȻͲµһæ
֮ǰɣӰټ֮УûģڿȻ
ˣҲ˵ǲ˵һ˵ң㣬ҲҪ鷳дŰ֮⡣
ã
ѾŮһ˵ˣ䲻֪׻ʲô鷳ʵ˾ηûеô򵥡
ʥ磬ǲģʦܹǲʲôĹ
ڼ׷ʣ
Ǵʥڶأģգ޹
ʥͽ֮Ȼķ
巨Ҳ֪ǣ֪ʲôط
ʣ˿

ܹҵ壬ʵǿҲܳ׽̥һˡ
ʦܲ
صʦͻƴʥʱѾִʦãижŴ׷ӶһͻƳɹ
ֻҪȥ϶ҵ
ţ
Ůѻ˵꣬ͻȻüëһһһѶƳġ
ʲô£
ⷬٶ֪϶ǳ飬Ůͣסæ
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ͷƿȥüëͻȻһ
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ʥӵü
ţ
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Һһ𣡡صͷ
ã֪ԼλŮѵʵʥ֮£֣ʹÿʦ֮ѪԼ˿Ҳ˵һΣɳʥ޼ϵķݡ
峤
ɳǬ˼æɵǰһɻ
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Ϊʥӵ£϶˵һ˵͵ڳݡ
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Ҵߵ£ֱǰżңõģ
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ʥӵˣпܺץŵͬһϴˣΣ
⡭
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ýͣ˰֣һһǹģ͵ǰһ㡣
˻
ǰĿռ̳Ѻۣһ˽ȥؽϣգ۹ʧǰ
˺ѿռ䣬ֱӴ󣿡
ǬԼ೤ϣȫŵɫһ䡣
֮ǰһֱãλ峤ֻʥ۷壬ǿҲǿȥףֶκʵȻǿԴĦˡ
峤׳ʲô£ôż
᳾
Ҳ֪峤˵İ죬ȥżҰɣΡλģǸݣ
ǬĿһ
ţ
೤ϣ˸߲ң־
ǰȻҲȥżңûнôˬ죬иɾ
ҵĴ죬ˣ


ռպϣͬʱһΣѾʥӵ档
ӿգ۹򣬱ԼòתͷȥҲαװһǰһ󣬱ֱʥӵ˹
ʲô£
Ͽգû£ͿصĴ꣬ٻʥӵһΪս
˵Ϣ
֮תۼȥͼ棬˵ɱ¾֮ʦսµϢȻ˽
ˡ
ĴѰңղʦʦ˷
ô£
üëһ
ոˣԺղʦæȭƺЩףֻʥʯʲôûãҲûʥӵɱ䡭ֻǻ˽ɻңȻ󡭡ˣ
ʥˣ
һ㶣漴ͫһȭͷѵΪˡ˹Ǽܣ


1623 ׷
ʥղʦ˿ܶʲô⣬֪ĺ
Уʢ˺˵عǣ
ͼݣ̽鵽֮󣬻Ž飬ѹǼóջͣ
ϾʦǵԼԭ򣬲뾭ѵ¡
˿̣˳ɶֻⶫȻΪˣ
Ͼ۷Ļ֮һ⸱ǼܣкܴôԼһ临
ˣ
ղʦһ㶡
Ŷûʲôüëһһˣʲôʵ
ˣʵҲûֻǡʥӵĴ󣬶ûסƻղʦ
ʥӵ½һѧµĹ˳ߣһǵ˵ȥˣڱ˶ߡ
˵ʵûϱʦܲ
ˣ
ˣһ۾𣺡ĸˣ
ǱߡΪ̫ͣ׷һû׷ϣֻøѶһָղʦ
֪ˣЩĽָ󷨣۾ղʦ˵ķһһǰ˳ȥȥһʥ׷
ʥ񲻹ǣʥӵϣͺ˹ǼйأҲ޹⡭ܻûмδ䡣
ʩչԿռٶȷеļ죬ʮ󣬾Ѿɳ
תͷһɸں棬˿֮ĴҫҪѰûкۼ
ҲģĶҡҡͷĸˣӦڰϪɽļдʥ۷ΪרķĨȥ˺ۼѲѯǡ֮۴ﵽľ
ȷ̽
ʵöԷ˵Ҳˡ
Σϴץŵһûκ˿£Ҳ̽鲻
ߣҲûôס
һЦһһǰɢζ
֮ᡣ
ŵ˱ץҲۼ޷ѯʥͬ
˺˹ǼܣѯֻҪܹӦ򣬵һΧͱضܹѰ
ǡԷǼĿռطˣ
ߣʱ䲻Ӧû㡣
óᣬؿһۣδ˵
Сݺݣ˯ˣӦһ£ع
һ鼮
š
ƺ˳鴤һ£ǵ˵ͷӦƬ̣鼮ָһ򣺡Ǳߣ
ã
ȻܸӦ˿նԷָʾķ򣬿ǰС
Ҳ˵ں档
˴ʮһʱ˿ڣǰǸ桭ţˣӦʧˡ
æǰȥȻԶһǳش
мΪ𵱳ĵ۹ˣ˿й֮
Ӧʧʲô˼
ü
ǳأʥҲܸӦɣôƾʧ
ӦǱĳڱΣ߲ˣղŻܸӦͻȻʧˡ
˵
ڱΣɫ̫ÿ
֮ǰţܳûǰ׷ϣôûϵԷô졣
Ѿ׷ĺܿˣһ
ҪڱΣôĳУ治ҡ
ͺ񵱳ʥӵԺ޷һ
㻹ܼǵãղʧľλ𣿡

ҲֻƲŷΧ˳һ¡
·
÷ϻ
ǼҪߣʥӵûʲôߵĺˣˡ
Ȼ˲Ҳһ̡
ںࡢָǺԴӵʥˡصʵˣһںعǣֱӽʥ
Ūˣʥпܣ
ӵһʥĴ֣˭ġ
ǰ·ʱ䲻мλá
žΧʧģҲ޷ȷЩ㬡
ݺĳǿߣڷɢԼĹͷҲ˵Ҳ˵ġ
ŵķΧܾȷ٣ü
ôһУ֮ۡһ̽飬Ҳãܾȷһ㣬ײ١
ŷԲһٹ
Ρ
һٹһΣûιȥ
Բһٹ˿ǧһ񣬶ұʶ̽鲻ҵõŽмˣ
ͻȻʧģҪٿЩܸӦʲô
֪ѶȣС⡣
֪ˡ
֪ԷҲԼںϣøǿ󣬸οعǣʥʥӵѹƣӦûʧӦñԼżҲû˵̧ͷܿ˹ȥ
Ϊÿ춼вǿ߷ȥأûͷ˿ΪҲû̫ྪȺ͹ע
Ȼǵʵ϶жˡ


1624 ʦ
ӦǷȳǣٽɽļ紺ȷǣǷԲʮڣḻ֮أʥӵĲʣҲڴˣ
ܿ죬ȷλá
ʥӵʱ򣬿ٵϵ鼮ʥӵͲԶ΢ȷһλã֪
ң϶Ҳͼȷһ·λ
һᣬ֪Ŀģ϶ʲôҲһȡһհ鼮ܵĽֱֵдˡʥߡ
ͼһζδ鼮
ô£ʧЧˣɫࡣ
ͼô
ϸ㲻ѲҪˣ
ҲԣһˣϾ豸˲𰡡
ԣͼͨ²ʧЧǡعǼܵĵطɱ
ڸпͻȻһ
⼸ιϣӦúԼһΪʣ޷̽飻أͰϪɽЩֶΣ٣֮ۿʦҲ޷ܡ
˿̣ʥͼҲ᲻ͺһǱأǡֶΣɱ
ֻһֿܡ
Ŀһܣһλ߸ǰȭλ磬֪Ƿȳǵʦᣬʲôط
ʦ᣿Ǳߣ׵Ľǣ
Ǹʮҵ꺺ӣʮˬ졣
л
۾һæͷкһָķȥ
㻳ǡʦɱʥˣش˿ҲӦ
ڣԸ׷٣޷Ͼʦ㡭ǣֽţַɱΣ
ͷ
ػȻ
ʥӵĿǰȻֲ࣬ҵһλӽǣ벽ǵʦǺ׵ġ
䣬ʮ֮ˡܹȷλá
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㣬ٶôݵģУֻһʦᣡ
֪λã˲һᣬȻһ״Ľǰ·ܲĳʶ̽顣
ǲ⣬ȥ֪ˣ
˵ͷٶ˵Ÿǰ
ֹʦᣬֻӴʦӴͣһ˳ڶǰ档
ʥӵʧһҹ᳤ϣܹæ㣡һȡ˳
ʥӵ
һ꼱æȭǰԵȣ᳤
˵꣬Ҵȥ
ӣһڷ߾ͽں˳֪ŵ٣ʧԶӭ
ʮģһΪʥ۷壬ʦĳۣһɷ֮С
ͻ᳤ˣιȷ󡭡
ȭ
Щ׹û뵽ܹ٣ǹᣬԡ
߱˵ǰ·˽ں߽䣬һȥؾüСһЩ
ôˣ
һѣתͷɷʲô
ƺ˵ͣûʲôСһЩΪá
ţͷ
ȻԷ˵ûô̫ƽƷϣһΣգֱӶ֡
Ҳֵˣ߽м䣬ûκ쳣
֪ŵιΪ£
˫߿˹
ģʥӵʥĵ񣬲ǰոʧԣݺۼʧȻͬʦùϽͷ᳤һ£Ǳʲôˣʲôطҵм
ȭ
˵ʮֱӣ˼ܼ򵥣ǾǣҶʧˣ鷳æ㣬Ȼкܴɡ
ʧ᳤ü¶һ˿ãŵڻʦʥӵı
ҵʥˣأҵۣ֮޷̽飬ң޷ܣʵ벻׻˭
ҵƷʧСǣˣϱʦã¾鷳ˣ᳤ܸҲϴ廳ɣ
ŵʥӵżҼĽӴƾʦףк⣿
͵վɫһ
ûʲô⣬ֻһʥӵıѣ᳤ţҲ޹أһ°ɣҲĻһ᳤
Ƥһ̧Ŀ
Ѳ飿ʦʦܲҪ֣һʥӵʲôʸѲ飿
࣬Ķ¡


1625 ʦᷭ
ʦȻְҵһְҵһ֣Ϊ⣬λ磬ʦҲұȣǰƾ޾ݣݵҲˣȻҪѲ飡
ֱ޷ܣ
ҵȷûʸѲ飬ǣˣʥӵıۼʧҲɶѣ
ʦһ򳬳ףǳ£Ҳ룬ɣϾ£ϱʦ֪ܲͨܲǶȽ鷳
вȭͷ
вʥӵȻ£еȡʥ˽ʦᣬΪ尲ȫԳѲ飬ֵʦܲأҲû˻˵ʲô

ʥӵǺô磡
߻ûü˵һ߾λߴӲ˽
ˣ۾
˵ʵȻһûп͸
ʥ۷壬һûҲ˵ٴﵽ˴ʥ
ȳСطʥ۷Ǽޣһðλʥ
Ҫ˵֮ǰֻǻɣڶã϶ˡ
絹ûУ֪λˣںʦ᳤˵ܶλ£ͻ죡

ְҵĴʥʦ֮ѪܻҪɵ֣ʦ
ֻҪѵһ֮ѣΪǡ
ʦ᳤ܲ棡λǳϣĪأһ˦䣬ߵﲻˣû˵ȡʥӵı֪ش𣬿ɷ⣿
⣡վ˫ֱ󣺡Ѳ飬Ȼ죬Ҳˡ
㡭
û뵽ݣԷ˵۾붯֣˸˵ʲôǿסŭ⣬һ˦䣺ãѲ飬ֻӣѵûѵ뿪ǻһ޴ļҪ飬ǣ󣬴ʱʥӵҲ𣡡
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˵ͷվһٴν֮ȡ˳
ˣ̽һ£ܲҵعǵϢ
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ţоʧˡҲпҸӦˡʵûǰôˡ
ε
ղŵȷӦˣ˲ʧӰ٣ȻɻȴҲܺ˵һʵ岻ȫӦĲ׼ȷ
ܻҵˣĹǼܣû⡭
һΡ
ͼݲףͷˣҲʼˣô£
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˵
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߹ȥǰϸ۲죬𣺡ˣӵŵذɣ
أ
ЦѾȷʥӵʧٵʥ񣬾棬뿪ʲô˼
ȷôȷ
ɫһ䣬濴˹
ʦᣬʥӵȻҲԼİ취ʥʧ٣ѰķûСҲδ̫˰ɣ
ߵ
㡭ŵǹϾҪʼ룬һ޴ʽûп֮뿪ȻͱҵȲˣ
һڡ
ô㻹ҶҶ֣
۾
û뵽ʦ˴󵨣ʥ˵в
㲻뿪Ҳֻˡ
˵ͷϵѪһ˲ȼֱ񷡣
Ȼһλʥؽǿߣ
ʵܺνʥȣ˺ܴһأԸʥ۷壬Ȼ㹻

Ҫ֣ȡǹһҵĺ״ݶ˲ѿһӰֱ𴦳˽
أ
Ǳˣصλͯӣأ
λͯӣ˰ϪɽȽʥż˵´ֱ뿪ˣôͻȻ⣿


1626 һʥ
֡
ɻ󣬾һ棬һȣԱߵĪͬʱֱеأӭȥ
ߣ
üëһأ͵һѹ
꣡
ռᣬ桢ĪػûӦͱؿڣѪ˻ˤڵϡ
ǾܶǴʥصǿߣأȣǲ̫ˣⲻס
˻
һƽϻɣأƺûأ͵򹬵ץ˹ȥռݣٻ
أ
ʱһֻëʣƻĽз˳еȥšˣ𣬿ռгϼ
ͷˡͫһ
ֶֹΣʮϤȽʥżĸˡ
û뵽Ȼ֡
λأ뿪Ǻ󣬲֪ʲôҵ˵ټһֱ׷
־ˡ
üëһһץǹ̷˳ȥֱеë˹ȥ

˼ݷס
ûȼʦ֮Ѫƾǹⲻס

߸պˣһ֮ǰİ׾꣬͵شӲ˳һһģëʵĹֱأȥ
ݺᣬһɲǼ䣬˸оЩʧƺؼ䣬ֻһڣ֮ܳڵѺۡ
λ׾꣬һ־óȫȵȽʥżоҪǿ˺ü֡
ǿأǿ
ߣ
һȣ۾أδţٴѹ
Ѻۿɼ޸ֳֳ˫İ׾ֱ꣬̽ڿУһ˲侹Ȼǰá
ù򣡡
̲ס̾
ղŻŵòУû뵽أôǿ
ȼ˿ʦ֮Ѫ׾УҲĸá

߲Ÿպ꣬·ٴκмӰֱϳ⼸һ֣ɱ¾֮ӿֳһ׹ɳ֮С
ˣ
ͫһף⼸ͷȫˡ
û뵽һðô࣬˿αװ
ʦᣬڱϢڱΣȻҪαװˡ
գ۹򣬾׹
֮ǰȽʥżҪװһ£Ͼйʥµ󷨺ƷԶѹƣʦᣬҲûκˡ
ʦ֮Ѫ
֪һᣬأпܻᱻնɱҲ˲һߣֱӵȼһοʦ֮Ѫ
ⶫģǰֵĻأҪԼؿҲҴ档
¡¡
ʦ֮Ѫһڵգ۹۷壬ֳǹǰһһͷ˵ǰ

û˿ԥǹƿն
ϴΣ֮ʣĸˣξ鷢
𣡡
û뵽ͻȻǿĸ֣ͷˣٹ˲Ͻأ͵תһɷֱײͬһʱ̣צ͵¡
꣡
ʵԸ
һǹʹ̴ƣһѾ͸ࡣ
ǹ͵һ
أ
һ˲䣬ͷ˾ֱըһࡣ
һͷʥزླĳǿߣնɱ
𣡡𣡡𣡡
ͬһʣµļͷˣƺҲЩ𾪣ȫˢˢ˹
ߣ
۾ǹһڣǹһͷ˹ȥ
ͬʱָǰһ㡣


ܵĿռ̷
ճˣû뵽ǰλӵǿսҪߣȻĿռסҲá
꣡
һǹ͸Դʬֱ׹䡣
նɱͷˣأѹᣬһƽ׾ĳķɣһƻң漴һץ
ˣ
һعǡ߹Ƿ
عǣӨ͸ʯѾûɱ¾֮һʥ͵ζ
ˣҵġ
һżĺ
̫ˡ
ǼܹȻ⣬ʥѹ£۾һҲûй˼ɣһ
֮Ǽܷ˹ȥ

С
֮ǰͷ­ָ֮࣬ԼӡȽ鷳˿̵ع߹ǣʥʥӵĥûһʣȡʮּ򵥡
ֻһ£ͳ֮֮С
أһ
Ҫͻˣˣȳ˯ˣ㡭ҪСġ

ź˵ʧ
֮ǰһҵǼɣ˳˯
ʵȻͻƴʥ
ôĹǼܱգ˿ٴһǹ̴һͷˣ뽫һҲնɱͻȻеһǿϢֱ
ҪضƷһ˺Ѳ֮С
ѵǡʥ
ͫһ
ȼտʦ֮ѪѾ˹ʥ֮޵еϢ£ɺóһС룬Ҳ֪Ϣˣжǿ
Ҳֻд˵еĹʥӵУ
æ򴫳ķȥ漴һͷߴˣֱץ˹ȥ
أСġ
ͫһ
һУɣ
ʦᣬȻһʥһģǵʲô
ɶ

һȣҲͲס

һֱüķ˳
žણ
ֱͷͷϡ
£
žߴ
һ֮Уͷƹʥˣû˿أͦͦڵϣϾ˺
ֱûͨôǿʵȻһ顱ˡ


1627 ʦñ壿
һ󰲾
ںأսİ׾꣬Ҳˣֹͣսŵţһˣ˵
ղűϢǶܵˣһͷƹʥļһ۷ǿߣŸճֻ˵˸¡ûüչ˱㵱
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ʥݺأ䲻˵ŲȴҲѪֻҪԪ˵ɱڱһԴԪ裬һ˿Ϣûˡ
ô£
ɶʱʥҲͼһһˣ
Ȿ鵽ʲô
һִŪģ
ߣ
ɫף׾岻ͣ
ʥܲסһȻ˵Ǿ֣ҲͲסٴ˺һռѺۡ
ӡ
üëһָһ㣬Ҫռӡ
ߡ
ûһٵĴȥͼüͷҡҡͷ
ȭͷջջ
ˣˣˣ
ƺ֮ǰ׾ϵļҲ˺˷ʧԭأգ۹ʦᣬֻʣˡ
Ϊʲô
֪Щߣ׷ϣһתͷŮ
ôżȰ裬ȻĿġ
ߣסصش
סҲնɱһλҧ
Էǹʥ֮ǿսȻܹռ䣬ԶԷֶκƿỨ̫ʱ䣬޿ɱ⣬ǰ׼ֻҪȫɱŪһаյġ
ɱһ޹ؽҪҡҡͷɫأ⡭ղֹһλʥ
ֹһλ
һ㶣ͫ鲻Խ˵ղ˺üλʥ
λһһλ֪Уת뿪ˡǿסǣǵķ㣬޶Կɣ
ؿ
ҡ޷ش
֮ᣬֻһǸոմռ⣬ܵмŵõģҪһλʥȷûκΰ취
ֻб
ŵͷ߹ʥȻûչʾʵ͹ˣոɢϢܣּǿߣԸҪԼ֣ƾϢ޷⣬ѹ
ʥֻ˵˵ҪгҲܣӵôӰ
ֻǡ𾪹ǲ⡣
ʥǶ˯
ˣΪܰѹʥɹô࣬ʦã˿ûв
ǲܵ£
ǡʦãѱˣ
ӦʦܲģķڱЩʥ٣ʦã
еɻأǰңصѡȲʥӵҲûǿʦãЩʣҲ˷֣
Ĭ
ȳǣɽӣȷǣˣżҡһԼ֯ˣʦòý룬ԣȻܿȴûʦ÷ֲ
ˣȷ֮
ʦܹЩ˵Ϣڵؿ֮УҪͱͻʥµķӡÿؿߣʦءܲܣⶼ޴Ӳɣ
ҾͲ֪ˣС㡢ʦ뿪ҲڵֻûκüĿأüͷ
˵ˣ⡭ؿʦã˰
һ
ղҲ뵽ˣֻǲҳϰˡ
ʦãģڣҲȻżߵݺ͵λ
˭
ΪʲôҪ壿
Щˣʮ֮˾Ϊ˺عǶԷôżѰعǣϧʦ½¡˵֣Ѿ룡
ɫء
ˣǰ۷֮һĹǼܣҲùʥ٣
οЩʥһҲ벻ô¡
ԺʦҲҪСһЩˡ
ţ£һһʮϱʦܲڿ΢ӳһ¡
δȥʦ֪ܲ˭Ǻˣ˭ǻˣһϢûݺãʦûӵϸ壬Ȼٸѡ
ԣڵľ£һжҪСġ
ʦҲסˣ뾡еԴżҡҡʥӵսʦáȻȫ֣˭ⲻס
ɫѿ
ʦܲ⣬ʼϲھΣ˭翿Լֻ취еϣϣûôˡ
ʥһǱͷһȻֻǸո̤ͼģʬȴҲһ޴󱦲أ
˼صҪҪ


1628 ǿ
أ
ŷӦ
β⽫عǣֱںϣһͷʥ
ּǿߣˣҲǾ޴󱦲أ˴Ѳѡ
Ƴ޻ˣͷˡ
˫۷Ź⡣
׻ʦĴУ֪޻˵ƷҪͷʬ壬Ϊԭϣ񲻱ʾֻҪ׻Уӵ˹ʥս
Ҫˣݺأкη壿
սʦ֮Ѫ֮ĸɾ۲ѣܽⶫƳɽһоͶֵˡ
ȷһ󱦲أˣ
غأûгֵ˼˵ͷһץһȽ봢ָȴ֣ƶһɽľˣʬȴһ
ô£
ǲš
ľ˵ǿȴҲﵽʥ۷壬ټ϶Կռ⡭Ȼһͷʬ壬ûսָδЩ̫˼˰ɣ

ӿ̽ǰʬ͵һᣬʱеͷϺˮֱð
⡢⡭۾Բ
ľȫȻûʬ
Ҫ֪ڿʦ֮ѪûľҲ˵ӵйʥ֮޵е
ʥؽͻĳޱȣΪʥǿ󣬱˵նɱﲻͬȼʬ壬ƻ
⸱ӣЦЦ
ǡ񲻱ʾյռ䶼
ơ
ջţʬƳ޻ˣӵйʥսڣʬ嶼ò˵ˣҲû취
£û취ǹǹʥڱӡɡָǺܼ򵥵ģ
ص
԰һĶͷŷӦ
ôˡ
ǲǹǿ󰡣
˦ˮףܻɱʥ۷壬֮ǿƿֲ
ǰһĳǹڵǹ̻һϵĹʥʬ

һ̣Ѿڴָ
Ȼԣ
ǹȻˣ˿ٴοˣɫ
ʦȻͶˣֱ޿ˡ
¡
һ׵磬ͬʱ̱УʹĲϲҽС
һĹף׵ѣʦʱٵĳͷ֮С
ʦȡɵʱȻͶˣ˵ֱ
о׵磬ٵᣬ˼άٴ˲٣ͼݺĵ˵ͷȡѶƣ֪ͨղʦ˹
ʱ䲻ղʦʦ˾ͷ˹
⼸ʦͽˣˣȡʥΪ취ѶĿġ
˵˰֡
ǣ
ɻղʦջǵ˵ͷ
߰ɣ
ȡԪȻû׽ЩʦĿģ϶˳ϲ˵ĵϸĿģ£ʥӵãҲͲòˡ
ڵ֮Ǿصżң취šҵìܣӦԼٵΣ
ʥˣΪżֻʣһλʥļ壬ܹ֮⡣

뿪ʦᣬأٵͨʱ䲻صżҡ
ˡ
֣˽ʥӭ˹
λعɣĿˮ飬ߡ
Ӵ˸Ůνʥ˷ܵ۾
Էô飬ɫһ죬Ҫ˵ȴ֪˵ʲôֻÿȡ
װû
λǡ˽ʥһָأ
ңǿۼʶλͯӵǿǿߣҲʶһ¡
أصͯӡ
ͷ
Ÿս꣬˽ʥûüش𣬾һһ𣺡ͯӣҲˣţԺСҼүףҵǲˣ
תͷһͼǿ֪ʱ˹ͯӵļһ⡣
۹ˣǿӻ֣ŵ˳º󣬰ȫ֣ӱҲżңǿȻҲ˹
λܼң֪Լүż峤ʥӵ֮ǰٴλָһһŨҵš
һִܼҸеķ緶
ǲأһͷǡ
ôԸ⣿㣬үΨһĹܼңҲѵһ٣أҲû˸Ҷ˵ʲô
ˣǿüͷһ壬ŶԷԴһ£ߵ
һͯӶѣҹܼңԹüͷŲţݺһ٣һ¹أ
⡭
û뵽ӵܼң˲ף˽ʥνʥˣȫһ飬ûιȥ
ͯӣӲң϶Ƕ֣һŸյʥļһֳˡ
Ҳסͷ޲иطȥ
ǰ컹ô⼸ֿʼˣ


1629 ϹԪᵽż
𾪵ʱ䲻ǿ;ԼҲܷˣȻ󡭡Ȼʧߣûټ
أֻɰ裬δº֣˿
װƣ˵ʵҲһ٣ѵˡ
治֪Լô͵һˣôϲװƵĹܼң
ѡ˲簡
Ժ󣬻ҪѡһĹܼҲУҲҪأһܶ鲻Լ֣ܹƽһϺȲ˵鷳
Ҳǹˡ
峤һλĵļμ˵˿ռ⣬ιսżҸǣʦýйֹ
һλϱȭ
⡭üģ֪λΪ˴¶
ռ⣬۷ľѧһʩչռ䶼ܽ޷ǣҪƿҲûôסҪСģ
˽ʥɫء
ཻ֪꣬Էʵ͵ƣ⣬½۷ˣȻͬ޵Уս˫ʵǿߣҪʤҲûôס
ұ˻飬һ棬λܹ϶̣λģ֮ǰû֣˵ͬ£Ӱټҵǿߣ
֮ǰ˵ĳϣɫء
Ӱټҵǿߣˣ
νʥ֪Ϣü
ţңܵУλƾնͬܲ˵ѪǴﵽˡšһٵ춨һ˵ĵλȷΪ峤λϵ
šң֮ǰã໥ϢԴ
ټϣҲûԣܲŹȥ㣬̽ϢĳϣȻ֪
ӰټңÿʦУͬ˵޵УսʦҪʤѣλģɻܣʵȷС
ͣνʥǵġ
Ǹ
ͷΣ˵ң𣿡
֣ԷӵѪô㣡
νʥҡҡͷ
ӵѪ֮ǰ֤ˣܵϼ֤ѪˣɻΪһ̸
⡭
һô˵滰ûˣ
һ£һХķһʵƿն
ӰټҴãϹԪᣬ̨࣬ЯǰݷżҼ
ôˣˣ
һ㶣æ߳⣬Ҳˢˢ
̧ͷпȥ漴֮ǰϹԪϿգǸЩ֣ͷ˶òªˣһȺӣﵽ˰λ
̨ࣿѵʥĺˣ
üëһ塣
ʥ̨˵òӢʦԡòȡˣʧ֮𣡡Ļû뵽ˣҲˡ
ɻϸˣ˿̵ϹԪᣬЩףĸӣϹĭˣҲЩģƿӲδȬ
԰ȻһȭɣӦ˲˶ô⸱ӣ
ɻ
ͶԷԵʱ򣬲δʦ֮ѪȫһȭϹԪܵһˣ⿪Ϊӡ˴ˡ
ô˿̿λϹԪᣬҲƲ᣿
żҼӭλһ𣡡
֪ʱǾʱȭ
ã
ʮ㣬ϹԪҲ˵һΣӿз
룡
΢΢һЦ߽
ֱϹԪῪڣΪ˷ֹ鷳Ϸֱ˵ɣڼȣӰټңҲУհһʥµżżӵһöµĴ֪ɷֻҪԸóǾԸͬȼ۸ıһ
Ҫ޿ܣżңҲҪûκأ
Ҫ˽ʥɫһ
ΪҪʲôû뵽
ǿʦµ󱦲أһᣬ͵ڷǿĵλżдƣôܹˣ
¶ԷӰټңҲӦ
ȻˣǾʵˣʦʩ̣ѧ֮໥ΪȻҲϣǿӵУڽãΪ
ϹԪƺ֪ᱻ̧ܾͷ˹Ȼˣҵսżңʱǰµʱʤǵĺ󱲣ʹգӰټңԸһʥùıǸյͻˣܽǱܣ
սżҶʱЩӣü
Ȼǣֵ̨ѧǽս
ϹԪЦЦ


1630 ̨
̨࣬ʥˣżҼλ
ݳªվףʮ㣬һëؼǣսȻǾֹһ޷֮С
Ĵ塭
̾
֮ǰʦǿߣȵҲ٣ǰλȣԶһء
һ֪Ǹѧ֮ʿ
̨ǰˡ
ǵ⣬Ԫ֣Ѿ˵ˣʦҵʦãԣҲļλҵ״ѧϰ˲ʱ䣬սʱ򡭡ıԣӮöų̀͸żңʾǸ⡣
̨һһڵ̨ڿС
ʥĶ
˽ʥԼżˣȫһ
̨ȴһѹ֮У£ҵʱܹȶ
ǡĹʥ
üëһ
ңϹԪóĳֻݹʥùı۷УмֵȴҲ̫󣬵ǰ̨ȴʥʼնʹõġ
ǹȣǲһء
Ȳ˵Ƚʥʵʤʥ˵ǹս̨ķı߾Ͳͬһϡ
ɼˣܹõڼ壬Ҳѹ˵
αԣ⣡
Ŀ̨ջȭ
ǣ̨ͷ£
ұʦȥ֮أٶ࣬ҲⲻʵȻˣȾͱȰɣһЦһ֣վ֪ôαԣ˵ɣ
ԷĿľǴȻˣ˵ٶ࣬ûκ洦ֱӿʼˡ
峤£Ҿ˵һҵĹ򣡡̨ͷӰټңֱȶΪĶ䶷Ķ˺䶷ƾ졣
ĶΪΣ䶷ΪΣ
ܼ򵥣һʱվԪ񣬿УרŲõʱ󷨺塭ΪĶ
һɫľӳǰ
ӣһƽ棬Ǻܶǣÿ棬໥䣬һۿȥ飬ЩѣΡ
䶷ܼ򵥣ѹƵͬʵƾֶΣʵǿֶζߣʤ
̨꣬಻˵΢ЦĿȴż
ʱվżӵܣδӴ֪еĻغͰأбԣȻҪԿ䶷Ӱټң似ͬҪʤҲûôף
һλ̲ס
ǰѹ
û취£żȻӰټұȣǲ̫Զˣͬնˣ̬ȺȷҲҪȣҲҪȣ
ô죿
ڵ೤һɫ̫ÿ
Ķ˺ʱվʲôû֪ԷĵһϤʱͬҲܻʤ
ͺ񣬱ܣϤͬʵҲʤһ
䶷ƽӰټңڿʦּطʤżҼȱ츳ѣ˭ܱȵùʦȵùӣ
˵һֱȶռơ
Ķˣֱ䶷ɣٶȿһЩ˺˵ĵǣ
䶷Ǻã
Цŵ˵ͷ̨һ֣߳һ꣺λ̨״ѧʮʱ䷨һЩƤëҪ׳ˣ

ߵǰδڵϢֱ𣬸һ־ҵѹȡ
ʥһأ񲻻
˽ʥ۾
ʮʹﵽʥλ̨츳֮ǿżҳλһĶӣܱȣ
ԼﵽʥҲԶˡ
̨żҸִͽ̣
˫ֱȭ
ʵȻѾﵽʥ۷壬ûżңûϵͳѧϰżҶʱ䷨򡭡ʵ޷ʤʹطϴκսʵླǸ
Ӷһ£˽ʥæ
͵ڰ꣬츳ߵģֻ
ʹϴ֮ȶʱóطʱս޵УʤԷ׾١
ط޷ʹáҡҡͷ
ǽʦ֮Ѫ
ʦ֮ѪֻΣѾȫĸɾãҲòˡ
޷ʹã
˽ʥüëһǡ
ûطʥ۷壬Ҫʤ񲻻ǿߣ¶ԷѹΪҲûôס
õģֲ˵Ҫԡ
΢΢һЦ
ԣ
˽ʥһ㶣Ҳˢˢ˹ɻ
㲻ȣ˭ȣ
ȻңֱԣΪ峤ԴС
𣺡ǰѻøˡͽžɣ


1631 ʶģһ
øˣ
ȫһ顣
òơž㻹ɣ
һʮļһ˵һԼ仹ᡭôоôأ
ʦͽֵĻΪѧȷˡ
ֻǡ
žĿǰʥ۷壬Ѫʮ־ɡδѧϰĵ似͹¡
˽ʥüͷ
žڼȵʱͻʥسڣʱ䣬ʷټѪؼȻΪ۷֡
ʵһȷޣɡǰλ̨ȣĲһǰ㡣
Ҫǣ֮ǰֻǸ֧δģе似ûѧԷȶ
ǵ
޷ɣ
⣬˰֡
ǣ
һλϵõת˳ȥʱ䲻˹
ʦ
߽䣬žæǰ
ţʱ򣬾ųѾ˵ˣżӰټҽбԣֻӮܣֶ
ֻӮžΣʦղŸͻƣȫΪûгȹ̡
·Ѿ˵ˣκӰټұԣǣһˣ½Ϊˣ
Ϊụ̂򵥣
ǰ£
ǣ
䲻֪ʦҪʲô£ҷžϥԭء
һЦڶԷͷ
ž˵Щʲô漴еһůϢӶԷӿ˹գ۹ʵȫ֮ǰΪոͻƣµ֮Ϣĳ·׷ƿľҲõ޸
գ۹ȫ;񣬾ʹﵽںϺͳһ·Ѿ𣬺öһ㣬ٽ޷ƿصı׶ˣȫʧ
⡭
ϹԪ̨һۣ¶˲š
ⲻǹඥҲǰԷΪǣΥ
İ취ںϣҪޱȣҪƿ۷壬Լѧ֪ķֺ
ãҪģûУʥδܹɣ
ʥ۷
λż峤δ̫˰ɣ
ˣѾȹʥ۷Ϊżҵʱ䷨似
üͷ𣬳һ£Զ̨࣬ȭǲ˼̨ǰλѧջؼ岻ãֻһЩ֧似һĻڸϼУһսʱҲڻţ
ϼУ˼ǡѧϰ
̨ס
ʱ䷨ޱȣǣ似ǲѧ潲⣬ѧϰһţҪʱ䣬ѧģ
ģᵢ̫ãʱԣ
Ϊʱ䳤һЦ
ʱ
̨һͷˮ˶ˡ
ʱѧʲô
ؼҪսѧһλ񲻻ǿߡ
ŷԪԼӣȫԡ
Ҫνڣʱھ似ʱ򣬾ԽʥԴץ
Żص壬ܹʱ䡭ڵ似Ҳδûѧûôڣ
ŷԪᡢ̨࣬ͬʱһΡ
˰죬Լᣬ˵ʱڱˡ
֪㵽ôģ
ż峤Ǹϰɣ
ҵȷᣬû£ھѧ˳ϣƹܼĲ⣬ȥڵ似͹ؼùٶԽԽã
ͷתͷԸ
ǣ
һλϼҴҷ˳ȥûѶãٴλصǰһһ鼮дܣǰ飬ʮ֮ࡣ
żܳΪ½һ壬ǿƣ´еؼ似֮˳ҲֻǽһЩĵӣѧϰĹȡ˹
ʱڣȫꡣ
ˣ
лһ۾ɨ˹ȥͬһʱ̣ʶӣһգ۹ϵ鼮ȫԵͣҳ
ǡʶģһ飿⡢ôܣ
һΣ̨ǲš
ʶģǽʶֶȥ¼鼮ϵ֣ߵĿʫҲͬʱǧ飬Ѿļ¼ˣʮᣬʶжǿ
ϹԪҲŴͣ°ͶҪڵϡ
ʶɢȥֻҪﵽʥأһ飬ҲףٱУ飬൱ڷĶˡ
ͻסˣܶԪǿߣ̫ס
ǿƣǿλҲֻͬʱǧ飬ұУһһ·ʮ򱾡
Ͳʶңɰ׳գ


1632 ʱ
ҲпܣֻʶݷܼסɡһᣬϹԪ̲ס
ͼסָ
ǰֻɨӣеݣҪͱУߣǿм䡭кܴ࣬ͬն
ֻǰߵĻҲ
ȥ֪ˣ
Ӧһ̨໰䣬Ϳ鼮ͬʱһҳϡ
Ҫ鷳˳Ͻ鼮ͻȥ
۾һĳֶʮ۾
ǣ˳ϵͷһ¶Ľ鼮սָٴκХ
żҵĹ֮ǰѧϰ򵥵ģҰָ㣬Ѿ޸еȱݣʱڲҪѧϰҪ似Ͷʱ䷨⡣ҸոոЩ鼮ݣ׹ھʹ㣡
˵ָ꣬һ㣬һ̽žʶ
⡭
ʦڶ֪ʶžȫһ
ʱ䷨Ǳȿռ䷨Ҫ⣬ܶ˼ۼ벻ףˣżҵʱ⣬ǽѪ֮ͽ£ܹʩչ
ΪҪѧϰɹ֪ҪѶ೤ʱ䣬ô벻ʦݹĹǳˣѶȽ˲֪ٱ
ĻӦòһ£ܳ⡣
ֻǡһ£ʱ̫ˡ
뵽⣬̲ס̧ͷʦʱ̫ˡ
Ϊ⣬ǡĹѧϰɲ֪ҪѶá
һ͡
ʦ˵İʱʵִ̫ˡ
żöѪҺȼգ
ƺָ֪һһѪҺžüģֱ˽ȥ
żѼѪҺ
ˣ
ѪҺһžڣȼգ۹һ⾳
ʱ٣
̨۾
ѪҺڣԿԸܵλžʶ׹ĳʱУʱĽȻͬ˼١
Ҳ˵澡ֻаʱλžȴܾһ죬죬ʮ
ֻʱ֮УѪЩơ
һλҲ㣬ֹ
żѪأ˵ˣżҲűԶҡ
Ѫʮʱ䣬峤˰ٱֹһλϵ
ǽѪžԺУһʱ󷨣ֻʶļͣ˵ͷ˽ʥ͡
˿ܿףΪ峤۷ǿ֮һܹףĿġ
ȼѪ˥ڣѪҺҲʱһ似򲻳ѪҺѾȼմ
ʹķֻʱиģѪҺ˷Ѽ٣ʱҲ֪˶ٱ
ļͣʱӰٱҲѣộѧʲôܹʤλ
֮ǰ˵ĳ̲ס
Ȼ峤ֶۻңžʵ̫ˣУʱ٣
Ͼʱ䷨У꣬Ҳû̫
˵ɻ𾪣ٴλصλϣ۾оԺ֮ǰ֪ʶ
ղʶ飬ֻΪӰټԼż˵ɻѣʵϣ۾һɨѾ鼮еݣ¼γ
ڸžģֻǾ棬ڣġ
ż棬ʱ򣬹Ȼǿ󡭡
Ժʣип
ò˵żҵǰʱ·ϣȷ˺ԶѹܹΪ½һ壬궼ܹڱηâ
治ͣѧϰʱ䷨ҲԽԽࡣ
֪˶á
¡
ץסʲôȻʣһԺвͣʡ
ͬһʱ̣żݣͬݳֵһУֻ˶αûע⡣

۾âҫת
ˡֻʱ٣
żҵ⳹Ҳ׹
⣬Լʱ٣죬ԷӦ
ȴʦʱյ˽һ£һꡣ
ˣҲܿˡ
ʵٴ
֮ǰһѪҺתΣͻĴڣֱӴڣʲôʱʹãʲôʱʹã˷ѷֺһѪҺսʮΣ㹻ˡ
΢΢һЦ
˽ʥѪҺǹʱһΣ֮ǰžһΣĿǰֻʣһˣʱϵļ⣬ٴʹãͻԼ١
һεʹã˵̫˷ˡ
ٷ֮ʮŵɢȥ
ڣɿƣһѪҺʮΡ


1633 ̨
ʱ⣬δʲǫ̂໹Ƿ˲Ծ̲סü
ǰλͲ峤˵ʣƺ֮ǰͬˣӳȣһɲ֮С
ʱ䵽ˣ
ܿ죬ʱָһžӸѹ۾˼˸ոѧ֪ʶ̨ǰ
ȭ룡
ã
˵ͷ̨Ҳ˵ѹգ۹ͺžһʥ۷塣
ʼɣ
˰֡
̸¸У
ҲԥžŲǰһ̤ʧһ㣬һѾ̨ǰ
һѹ͸
ÿ죬ǿ
̨ѹΪ֮ս⣬һĻͫ͵ըٺˡ
ǰλûʱ򣬴ﵽĵزȴҲˣ
̶̰ʱӽ⡭ôģ
ٶȿ죬ž죬ѹƣָſһ
ಣ
ָͬʱͷų
Щ̵ģʵȴǲʱ䡢ռƣգǰʤ
żҽ߰壿
˽ʥνʥһۣ۾Բ
żҽ߰壬Ƿſʩչλžδѧֻԭذʱֱ򡭡
ָĽ
Լλӣ״ʲô
ۣ
ٶ̨˵죬ǱУʵǿսḻ̴ֻ·δܵˡ
ˡ
ΪɻܣΪӰټ¹ѫû뵽һоͲˣ̨ɫٹ˲϶˵ȭͷϡ
ȭۻ룬ΪͬʱĲֹٶȼ죬˵ۣʶֲˣͳǰ
˿壬žȥܣĤȭȫ档
Ҫˡ
һᣬ̨̲סҡͷ¶ʧ֮ɫ
Ҫˣҿɣ
ϹԪһ㶡
λžһֱܵҪѣôԼ˿Ҫˣ
λžδѪ̨
⡭
ϹԪ᲻˵
֮ǰȻϸżҵ֪ȼѪٶȻᱩ
λžûȼѪͺ̨ѷ֣һʹãҪʤȷѣ
ңڷûע⣬ղţһȭ޷ڣʮȭ֮УѾܹȭˡҲ˵ԸոϤͽսǽѹͻƣδ
̨Ц
Ȼϣǰȴʵ
֮ǰϹԪ˵ʧǲЩ̫ţۿżλŵĽףʦ½С
Ӱټңһ磬꣬㲻֪˵ĽȻ˾֮ܣ
ĸпϹԪǰȥȻžĴԽԽ࣬Ƭ̺ͱǫ̃̄ܵѹơ

һȭ˺ƿռ䣬ǰʱὫ֮顣
䡭
ɫ̨࣬һ
ȻҲûϵ
ʦ
䣬һλ˳
ʵȽҪһЩҲ಻󣬽ӮˣҲС
̨ҡҡͷ
ĸӣʵ඼󣬸˵λܶʱ䷨ӸҪʤʱžɲ
ȥҲһʧܵĽ
ҪһѹΪϰɣ
ʶ㣬ϹԪῴһߵѡ
̨һ£˲Զһۣͼޱ飬εҡҡͷˣ˾ˣҲδܳɣ
ֵĻλžʱ䣬ȷɽʤǡʤžʤżң
λż峤ܹʶģһ顱Լѧʱʱ򣬾ͱѧʮĶҪ
ѧˣִﵽʲô磿
֣ԷҲ֣󣬿»֣ͬŪãϹԪһһѵĸ߿Σȡ衣
䣡
ûɶą̃౧ȭ
ǰˣ
ֻһλӾ䣬˵ͷ΢΢һЦ
žܹʤλ̨ȫ֮УֻǡԷ䣬ǱȽзˡ
ûϹԪһһʱ䡣
˾ˣ㲻ϳã˵ͷ̨һ֮ǰʥ̨˹ȥһȭǣ
ֽӹ̨һץöʱվǰһۣӳľӣ
ţ
̨סתߣգ۹򣬾ʧԭء


1634 
֪˶Զͣ
ʦ䣬ʵڲġ
һ̲סڡ
ǰλžȻܿ죬ֻҪһʼþȫδʱǸż峤Ҳпֻڿκãʱ䷨Զǣ
һҧ
ӰټҸûɣȥȻҪܵͷ
˵żҼʱܲǣ
ǲ̨ʧ
ǣ
һͷ
֮ǰҲôǿӣ
Ҳ̨ͣһոĵľӾǰ
ôˣ
ȫΧֻһۣȫͫһ
ֻϣһѺۺͬһ̡
ʦô£˭ƻʱվ
̨Ҳ̲ס
ǼĶⱦʥǿߣҪƻѣôͻȻѺۣ
ղλżҼһ۾ӡͱ̨Ц
һۣ
˲⡣
ʱվļ̶̳ȣȫ֣λż峤ֻǸʥ۷壬ֻһۣŪˣ
ʱվóʱ淨в˸ָ󷨣У뿪ղλżҼ⣬ûκζʵѾУ󷨣ȫƻ
̨ɫء
Уƻ󷨣
ȫͫ
˵֮ǰ⣬Ȼ׹
Уʱ䷨ԽߣԽ죬Է뿪ƻʱ䷨Ҫʲô磬ɣ
Ȼﵽ⡭
˵ʣ̨
˶˵
ʱ䡢ռ򣬲ͬڽ֮࣬һЩʥҪ⣬һʥصļһɡ
λżҼλģʲ£ӰټҪ£Ҳôˣ
ϹԪ˿Ҳ׹̲סп
ѹߵô죬ԸһʱˣʵԶԷͬȼҪʤҲܡ
ߣȷõѡ񣬷ֻӶ

ǻʤˣ
ʤӰټҵǿߣ
̨˵𾪲ͬżһ󻶺
Ӱټǿǰ˱Ϊֻܱܾ裬ζû뵽峤׻⣬޹
֮ǰ붼롣
ڣȴˡ
ʤˣ
žҲš
ͽֶսӴˣʤҫǰš
һУǰǰλʦ͡
Щ죬úҴ֪ʶȡʱϵ⣬⣬бؼӦò˶ãͻڵΪ
дΣҵļѧھʵͣҲҪʦ֡ʦһΪ֮ţ
ǣʦĺ񰮣
žȭ
ţӦٶ˵ǿԶˡλʥ

û̫ã˳
֮ǰΪܵǰļӰ죬Ȼѳ϶Լĸĸȴδ˿̣ڳ
ʥ½ѾǰȫˣҪʵǿżǲɻȱ
ǰλżҵӰԣϵףҪϣҲûʲôɾġ
ҵҲܸõ֮ںϡ

ˡνʥȫǼս
ˣû뵽˿졣
ǶĹģЩΪᣬϢвٲ˳֮˵һ£Ҳܸͻƣ

ԸĸǴ½۷弶ͼݵӳ£ͬȱݣΪĽ
ܹʵضͻڣʥ۷塣
㡭ָ㣿
ӵĻˡνʥȫһ
Լλӣʥأִָʥصܹ
Ҳָ㣬ֻǸеĴͰˣ
һЦ
֮ǰ˶ǰ֣ͼйǵ鼮ֻûʱˡ
Ȼ˵û̫ɣȡհ鼮ߣʱ䲻ͽǵд֮ǰڿĹ˸
⡭
ӹ鼮ݣȫһ
˵ģһ㶼ûڳֵ⣬ֺ
Ҳչ¶һʵҿ˳ָһ¡
𾪵ĸĸתͷϡ
ȻǾһ𣬴ҹͬ
峤ˣҵˣѾ⡭
ϸָ㣬һҴ˹š
Уҵλڵˣ


1635 ʥʬ
ǽɣ
֪Ը
ǣҴ˳ȥ
治֪ôѵϴ滹۰Ͱ͵ĸϹˣ
Ͳ֪ˣ˵ǳһλ˿ռ峤ιһѩǰܣ
ѩܣߣ֪ߵغλ峤İɣʲôʸ峤ȣ
һã֧ѣս峤湻ģιԴϱҲ

۷׷ס
˶ڿģ̧ԼͻȻĺۡ
Ⱥ֪λ峤ҲԼ᲻ͬ𾪵ιȥ
Ҫôͣԭìܵңˣ
ֱӺ˵ľĻҵ˺ΪһβϷˣڶΣ׽Ūǡ
ż˵ԼģѪΪšԽͣŪãΪԼϵͷ϶ŶС㡣

˶㣬ˣʲôô
춼ķգ
Ⱥҵ˽н棬ҸպЩҪչ
˼Ƭ̣ĿǰûиõĽֻõ
ȶһ£ֻҪԼڣĲڡ϶
鷳
Ҳá
˽ʥһ£ǵ˵ͷ
šìܣǵ˻飬λףٴ̼Էȷܻⲻ١
õͬ⣬ٶ˵أֱӻصԼס
Ůڲ෿ϢԼһ۵ռ䡣
Կռǰ죬øȹֱ̡Ѿﵽֽһ޴С
ҵһյ£һһͷ޴ʬ壬ڵϣѹʯذѺۣ
ͷʥ
ⶫսָʮѣóǹҲɡ
ڵοʦ֮Ѫĸɾ֮Ҳù⣬˳˯ֶμһ㶼ûУ뾡취ⶫƳ޻ˣ
ȻһΣգͲ֪Ǻˡ
ԣܲܽȥ
һ׻ü˳
һﾡˣʬɢŨصѹȸУû͸оͬ쫷ϮȫҪĸо
ǿ
ɫء
׻꾭׽٣Ѽ̵Ĳ󣬴ʥǿҪˣ˿ȴһʬ壬޷̫˰ɣ
˺üΣ޷ɹҡͷ
Ҫ޻ˣ׻ܹУ߽ѣô
Ҫ׻ˣ׻ͻʥأﵽʥܳɹʬΪã
»صȵ飬Ժйһ顣
һҵʦµķͻƵʥ𣡵ڶѧøм֮ᣡ׻ͻƣͷʬ壡
Ȼ֪֮ǿ󣬵һʥʼϲġ
ʥУ޵еûﵽ˵սԷһֵסɱ
ɡ֮ᣬȴ
뾡ͽ취øмˡ
Ȼץŵļλûκΰ취ˣ
һ͵ڶ̫ףӦа취ɣ
ʦܲڲɶֶûУһͶļһӶӲ˵Ѱҿʦµķˡ
ڵڶѧѡʦʦҲҪѡѧڵʲôˣΪӡ
²״ΪѧҲûô򵥡
ʦңǿѧγһ
ˣȻ֮ᣬȴҲ֪ûôס
˼ǰҲֻеԶʱɡ
Щ۵ռ뿪߳Ժ䣬ҵһλϣȥ⣡
Ϊ峤ӵȨٲǰ̾
ʱ󣬴Ӳ˳
üģһʧ䡣
żҾǴ½һ壬귽Ĺ࣬Ȼں˲٣ȴûͻƵ
Ҳ˵Ŀǰû취
Ǳôˣ
λϻûߣ룬
峤ˣԵģ峤Ҳλģм뿪δ˹ԡھȰڿͷסˣ
λϵ
ţǾͺã
ԼڣȻûֳìܣ˿ٴʵżҸʲôְҵĹó깥ģ
ó깥ְҵ
λһ£룬ʦܲھﲻľǣó귽棬ӵ裡Ҫ˵оģĽң棬귽⡭żңҲԶֻа·̣


1636 Ҳˣ
ң
һĶͷ
ôûԷ
壬żóʱ䡢óռ䣬ң귽ӵм衣
׻ʦʦ½ڻϣ˶ϲ㣬ǽҵ棬ǰ棬⣬似ɾͲ
ϴȥӭףǵ峤Σʥӵʦ¥ʱҲͽҵĳţƷƽ֡
ֻû뵽Էļ壬żңֻа·̡
峤Ҫ귽似λϺĿ
̫죬Щȣѧѧ귽طûۺȻٳ߾硭

λϵ˵ͷ
̫죬ȷ峤ϴʱ򣬲ʥ龳ŶãѾﵽ۷ˡȷ̫ˣٶȵĽͬһ󼶱¶׶ˣ߾磬ȷָָ⡣
׹ٶʣżҺͽңȻཻͬ½һ峤ȥѧϰֻҪǣضԷܾ
۾һ
Ҳԣڵݣͬˣ귽طڽҲ֮أΪżҼʥӵʦʦ֡ԼһҪҲܾ
λϸǣشкȡǹƿռ䣬ȥ
ҵľλãղѾ˿ٶȼ죬ʱ䲻һ棬ż£ռز֪Ķ۹˶ֺ౶
ң
½һ֮һ
Ȼÿ壬С
һܣĸۡ󷨻ƣ̲ס̾
ȥҺżңвõĸָ󷨣ʥǿóȻҪϴҲˡ
󷨶˵ûκвֻҪͼתȫȱݣΪǡ
һᣬ΢΢һЦݹͻȻͫһӰһΣһïܵĴ֮С
͸ï֦ҶտȥſһӰڽҸۡϿա
ţ峤˳ӭӣˢˢȥ
ôѵңҲ˹ˣ
ɫûгȥ۾
ղųֵǸӰǱˣڰϪɽʦᣬεİ׾ꡣ
һô⣿
ҼԳӭӣһ֪ϵ򵥡
ȥ
һ֮ۻһȦһ
Ȼûƣϰ׾ֻ꣬аķݣ˿ռʱ⣬ȫϢ뽯ңԷҪ֣Ҳûôס

ǰĿռֱֲ߽ҵĸۡ
ԺĻʵﵽʥأȻûһ֣ͺ񲻴һ㡣
ռһá
ֲκ߶޷䣬ֻҪΪͶԿռ򣬲Ͳܷ֡
ƹüԺ䣬һǰͣ
ǰǽҼλ׾µĵطȻԿռǿҲ̫ǰ
غΣڿȥȻվڴ֮Уƺ˵Щʲô
һоƬ̺󣬹ȻԻ϶Ĵ˹
Ϣ֪ˣ
׾˵ͷģһܳһɹض컻գԸҲˣ
ǣף
ͷ
׾ͺãҲҪСģʼһս⣬ǰ׼ɣ
ٶ˵׾ҡҡͷһΣֱȥ
ô뿪һҶȫϢͬʱܵĿռ۵˿ۼ
ͷһۣ׾Ҳû룬գ۹ʧԭأ֪δ

뿪̾Ϣһ¶֮ɫҲ߳˴Ӧǰʲôȥˡ
ңͶԷᣬѵҲ壿
뿪۾ԽԽ
ң֮һȻȲżҡңʦ½Ҳ磬ʦʤôᱳ壬һﹴˣ
λ׾꣬Σûʵòȴһ𣬲룬Ҳ֮
̸֮ɶѡ
컻գսһﵽҪʲôѲɡʲôıʦãԴ½
ȭͷ
Ȼ֪һﵽʲôԷ˹ǼܣʥضͼıСһʦ½ѣʲôżҡҡʥӵᣬһ⣡
㳲֮£ѡ
£Ȼ֣ͱֹ
ֻǡڵʵ̫ˡ
̲סҡͷ
Ҫǿʦ֮ѪһΣ϶׷ȥǼһﵱɱˣڣֻܲ
Ȼұ壬Ҳʲôˡȥ⣬鼮˵
ĿһԥУҿһȦֱһȥ


1637 ׻ͻƣ
һᣬһ޴ĸ¥ǰ
ĺϣ֣ҫŹâ
ˡ
һ΢΢һЦ
ȻǰҲ͵鼮ԴӳΪʦѧԺԺʥӵ󣬾û
˿̽ұȣǾͱʲôغڡ
ǰָһ㣬ӡϢĳһ̧ͨ˽ȥ
ܿ򵽵أһķӡ󷨣˵Ȼ˰衣
Ȼٹ鼮
ĵһ㣬һܣȻ˲ٹ귽鼮
Ҳ¼ȥ
ڶ㣬鼮ø࣬һᣬ֪˵ɼ̫ͣϣ㣬ڵ߲ͣ
飬Ѿû֮ǰôˣֻʮܣ飬˼顣
һɨȫսͼݣüëһ塣
ôô࡭׻鼮
ǰϣ飬Ȼǹ׻
׻깦깦ƣȴ֮
깦Ǵ꣬似ķţ׻꣬һְҵǣ޻ˡ֮ĹֶΡ
깦ҽʦô׻Ƕʦ
ͬǣ귽棬ķʽȴȻ෴
ǰߣΪùķдаɵ
ң֮һһΪʦأôᡭô׻ķ
Ѳɡҵ洫׻ʦ
Ƥһ
׻ʦʧʦ½˶֪飬ɡҵ߲ȴô׻ؼҪ˵ûϵš
𾪣ȥ
ڰ˲٣вٹ׻ġ
Ĵ׻ʦ壬пˡ
۾
׻ʦ֮ԱֻһҪǱ壡
ͺ񣬶ʦҲкܶط̫˵ʦҲֻǽһ磬δϾɱ
һв²ⶼģԷͰ׾ӴҲ˳£û̫ˡ
鼮ͬ¼꣬һ㡣
鼮٣ֻм
۾ȥԺ
ȷ
û̫ɣ̽·͸ոռ鼮ںϡ
ˣ
ͼݳ飬ָһ㣬۾Ź⡣
ʥһؼ񲻻ͽĹﵽʣµأȱݣȴҲˡ
ͻƣﵽʥҪԼ߳Լ·ûͳһķ׻겻ͬ
ûоֻҪǿ󣬿ǿѵķ
׻ͻƣ
γɣûκγɣһ䣬ú÷ӡһν۵ռ䡣
Դ׼ãϥϸоԺѾĹ
֪˶ãһ׻ü˳ǰ౦ץ˹ȥ
¡
ѣӣʽ塣
ЩƷǴҲرõģ˵ֻ׻ΪͻƣҲȫ㹻ٲúǰһ׽٣ˡ
̣
£ԽԽǿ֮ǰͣͲǰҲ˲ơ
ˣ
һɲǣǵõ˴һø͸峺һϼҫɳɷ
׻ʦͻƵ˴ʥ𣬻Ҳǻǲź
ټ˲֪ٴΣ걾ѷʵı仯ûаϢ
˿̱ʦõ˿Ҳֻǻ壬ỳɣǸʵʵ׻ʦ
Ȼͻˡ
ܵı仯۾Ź⡣
νˣǿЩ鼮Ҫͻƣ֪¡

ͻƵ˼񲻻磬֪ܹʥʬ壬Ӧûһξ룬ûκγɣ߾̡
ʱ
յٶͣ۾
񲻻Բˡ
ʥĸ𣬼񲻻Ѫ࣬ʥͬΪС磬ֱǣڡڡڡ۷塢ԲʹԲ
ﵽԲҲ۷ˡ
ʥȻͻȻʥѶˣ֮ǰʥһ󼶱һʱӣڷһҪʱ
̲סп
ǰһʱͿһ󼶱ΪӣھȻҪ
ȻԽԽѡ
治׵¡ţҲҪҪʱ˴ﵽ־磬񲻸ѣ
ҡҡͷˣ۾۵㣬ȡǰҲԲ
һ߸пٶȱһ߼
ҪʵҲҪֿûκΰ취
˭ѡ·ҲҪҧְ


1638 Ʒ
ʮӺ
ͣΡ
Ҿ˵ûô޴Ļ壬üġ
Ϊҵõ౦ֱûƽﵽʥشԲ磬ζû뵽ûͻƣȾͲˣ
Щ˶ʥزླ׻꣬Ķ־ȫ¼ûκʣļ𾡹֮ܲͣȣǲһء
޷ṩͻơ
ò״˹ٴΪȣͣ̾Ϣһ
Ǭţ˼õ̫࣬ҲǣȻ壬õԽ࣬ΣҲԽС
۾ͻȻһ
ҵʱԼΪҼȻȨޣȴҲõ̫࣬ڽңȫû˼ɡ
ˣԷһ㣬͵ڶһΣȻˣҲûʲôɿġ
뵽⣬û̫ɣ׻ٴλص۵ռ߳
ʮְȻûõǱ˲󣬲ң鼮ˡ
ղʱ򣬿ˣرķǱߣȥ
Կռ⣬߳⣬ȷ˷򣬱ֱӶȥ
һǰ
ķӡԱȲǿһ㲼һ׽͸
ͼݣѰȱݣϢȥнŲӲԶ˹
һΣһ䣬ָһ㣬ܵĿռ꣬ͿӰ߽Ժ䡣
Ȼˡ
ߵˣ֮ǰ峤ΣұߵǸĸŮüӢ֮ǰʥӵ칤ʥӣƷơ

ŮЩ̫ˣü̲ס
֮ǰٶྫ칤ʦְҵҲ㣬ڲͬˣ½ľ潫䣬ŪãҽΪǽңѪߵţ縺Σ
üë𣬽ε
ڵʵֲǲ֪ʥأ֪жԶ縺Σܼ縺ʲô
ƷԸ
ǽңǿĲΪ꣡Ѫǿ󣬻СԶˣ⣬̵õȵĴУӶʵ
һ䣬дŨҵⲻЦǣǽһ˥ŪãûˡʱٲˣСӣ
֪ˡ
˵أƷΣҾ𣿲⣬⣬ȱҲδܳɣ
ɣմϢżҵλʱ⣬ҵģȷ˿ռ⡭壬ֻǽ̾Ϣ
żҵʥӵܹʱ⣬⣡ֻǡ˵ʲôˣƷɻĿ
ȷ£ĻҲֻȨ֪
ʥӵѧϰڼңҲûԼ֪Ĳ̫
ģ˵ҵ֧֮ǰɽ¶ˮͻȻ˿ռ⣬ѪҲﵽˡšǽӰټҵݹʥ˻ܣν͡
˵ҲЩš
ò˵ң̫ˡ
żҸһСţ½Ҿðһռġ壬Ŀǰǽʽ΢żˡ
֧ʵڲУҲңǽû֧Ҳ峤ˣ
ŮĻ̲ס˶ԷԴһ£óĵĵӣ⣬ָ֧ⲻǰܳһľͲˣ㻹ΪּǿߣǴײˣһץһѣ
˼壬֧ǼһҲءƷ졣
˵ʵ˫ڽѪҲ۷ģϲó칤ְҵˣܳΪ칤ʥӣʥӵպ
ֻȻڲ׷Լϲְҵˡ
ҪУ̹Ϊ
Ůκһˣ˼ˣȥɣҪľǵǰȡ⣡ģҪ룬ȻΪȹ̣ΪܹӦԽĶҡֻ޸ǿñ֣
ҲҪˡˣƷһæҡͷ
ɲ㣬εΣ󣬲ƾǽһ޷ɹ
̾Ϣһ¶֮ɫģҪôżҵλҪôҵλģ֮ίģ


1639 Ҳر
ҲŲҪ޸Ǹ֪װƣˣһ˻飬ŪСʹ಻ѣһϧ֮ĶûС
Ʒƺߵ

ɫࡣ
װƣˣ
Ѿܵ͵˺òã͵ʥӵȫѹȵ˶
ҡ˵ľ͸Ȣһ
ĸηۣ
Ǿͼ޸ģλģ֪Ϣʮͣ˳ĺܳƺҲѾ˵£ε
ɫڡ
ȫҶ
αװģܲӢȴҲһ˲źòá
˭ޣλŶˣƷʹҡͷ
ޣǾͺúȡͻ⣬ȻΪ˼壬Ҳû취вĿĴﵽε
֪ˣ
Ȼ֪ŻΪӵܣŮĲֵּãȷ
Ϊ˲޸ҲҪƴˡƷҧ
ͬס
˭˭ˡΪ˲޸ңƴô
ȥɣ
βٶ˵
Ʒ¶ı飬ǰȥ⿪˷ӡ̧ž߽˲ԶĲر⡣
Ǹż۷ġǱ󡿣æȥ׹
ܴССΣ֮䣬Ǳڲ֮ڡ
ˣǱǿߣ޷󷨣ȡд⡣
ּ󷨷ӡҵĲر⣬öȻ١
⣬ֻԼԸ߳ǰû߳·Ȼֻܼ޸ˣ
Ů߽ȥҡҡͷβٶת뿪
ɶ񣡡
û뵽ٴƽ޹ǹơ
ˣȥʲôռ˵Ҳ壬ٹֵģӦã
еĲˬ׿̧ȥ
֪ʲôܻҪͼݵİղѾƾ֮ۺͶ󷨵⣬УȻ⡣
ݣת˼ȦһѾղŽƷƽſڣҲɣ̧˽ȥ
һУͶÿռܷ֮˲鲻ټ
ǸŮսȥɲ룬ֱӱײ˸
ܽұ壬żҼǱ˼Ҳر󣬴ȥҲкܴӰ졣
رĵһ㣬һ˸ָıһĴм䣬һʮ׵赡
֪Ǻϵ̣⻬룬Ө͸һ֮С
ոսĽƷƣվھ赣ʮ׵ĵطͣͷð亹
ϣһ޴֣һֹĪ֮Уɨһ̸ۣе걻漴һŨѹȸУֱϮҪѹɷĩ
׻ʦ֡
۾
Щģ˿ϲõ׻ʦȫУ֪ĺ׻ʦ֣ꡱ
ܹӰ졣
дǣķӦǽ棬µģ׹
ѹֽŮǰ֣Ӱ꣬ԻǲǿѹȸУ⣬żǽдǸ֣֮ͬ
ɣȥ¥Ͽ
ҹ鼮֮ǰѾ۳ղΪ˿ٽ׻꣬δѡ赣ѹܴ󣬶˵治ʲô
˵ĿҲΪΪѰұûʱġ
¥һ¥Ȼͬ˸ָļӣС
Ȼҵ١
һЦ۾Ź⡣
ˣȻ
գ
Ҳܵ󣬴һţ̽ݵϯ

һ¥ıȫս˴ָ
¥ȥ
ΪʦЩĶѣҲȫߣϾʦԼϺͽ͵͵飬˵£͵
˼ұʾȫˣ
Ϊʦݡ
͵ļһȫһȡ˵ĶͬһΪ˴塣
¥ıԱȶ¥ٴɨϡ
¥¥¥
ܿ죬ͲһĵھŲ㡣
֮ǰȣԵÿյģֻһʯ̨һӡ¡
ӡµڿУʲôȴеһ־޴ѹҪ
ʲô
ܵӡ´ѹȸУüë
ĻǣȻﵽ˴ʥһؼ񲻻Բͨѹȣ˿⣬ǰȴֺ֮Уʲô
ţ֡
ʯ̨תһȦ̲סͣ


1640 
ʯ̨һ࣬д˼ּ׻ʦеĻ̶ֵɣԶԶȥһĺ֮С
ȡӡ⣡
ܿϳּ˼
īõ׻ĹؼѾܹϳ塣
ԭлӡû𣬵Ӧò͡
üëһ
ûʲôıֹǰ±ʥǸ̨˿
һҪߣȻ绢֪ʦҪС
һߡ
κͰ׾̬ȣһʦսԽ˺ҲԽ󣬱ǰС
ԣ
һӡ˹ͷϺˮͲͣʣϸ룬̼ͣǣԼ֡
Уȥ׻궼ܲס
ͣ˼뿪ӡϵķΧ
Ϊڵ߹ȥڿˡ
Ȼ˵⣬ͿȡߣǾȽ˵
˼˰죬û취һҧ
⣬ҪģʵҲм棬ţѽҵıȡˣ뿪֮ȥѧϰڿֻѧˡ
վԭһʶգ۹ͽȡ˳
֪ʶʣһ
֮ǰռ⣬ٶȼ죬ΪܿǰأѾѧˣֻѧأȻѲ˶á
ѧϰʱ٣ҪһЩҲû̫á
кܺõĻ׻Ǽǿʮ۾Ȼ
ˣ
һУвͣת˿һۣͻѣΡ
ӽʮļȻȫ˽ҵ⣬սҲһǿĹֶΡ
ͬʱ
𶯣ȱ⣡
վ֮Уǰֵμɫף̫ˣ̫ˣû뵽Ѿͷٶô죬һ¾ͳɹˡ
Ůȥ⣬ͳ˭
ǽҲ⣬ʵȻֻҪ洫Уξ㶯ҿʼҲԱˡ
˫۷Ź⣬˿
֮ǰһֱţ˿Ҳ
⣬ջӡ㲻üʥһЩӦ䣬ҲӦˡ
ǿȥ׼峤ļλ䣬ھȥҷƷƣڵ
ǿѹסĵ˷ܣνļλһ䡣
ǣ
೤˳ȥһ¶Ժ
żģΪǽңҪˣû뵽Ʒֱͻơ
ɴ˿Ҳ˿
꣬μҴرʮĹ򣬾ͽ˴漴վ赸ǰŮһͷ󺹣ʮף޷ǰ
Ʒƣô£
̲ססμæʵ
ֻҪ⣬ǰ赽ѹȸУֱǰôŮЩֲס
İɣһŬȡ򡭡
˺ü飬ģֱӹƷЩѿԴĵ
㻹û򣿡
һΣ׻
ҸսܹʮӶôô򣿡Ʒ
ǲɵˣ
ҪôˣҲϵڡ
⡭
һΣֻͷƤ˲ըûιȥ
ΪղͻƣŮȻǣֻ˭
ôˣʲô£
ױɫƷҲӦԾ˼߳赵ѹȷΧɻĿ
뿪Ҿȥݣոճˡ𶯣ȱһΪͻˣ
νһ
ҡѲɣλһ֧ͻƣ
ô£ƷҲЩ㶡
֧ô֧
Щţüͷ벻ô£εҡҡͷǰŮղзʲôԾ
ûа
Ʒҡͷ
ոȫע⣬ûʲô쳣
ܹ𶯣ȱ⣬Ȼӵ˵Ѫ㡭ֻǣҲͻƣôģ
β⡣
ĵӵܣ赣˲֪꣬ÿһܹɣ˭Լ֪£ֱ
ѵˣȥ¥Ͽ
ͻȻüëһһ£һΣֱ¥ϳȥ
֪ʲô˼Ʒƽϡ
գ۹¥ֻһۣɫһ±ɷס
֮ǰǱķ䣬ʱտҲʺҲ
͵ŵֲãпܻûߣӡ
ȭͷȭͷ͵һ


1641 㵽˭

һƴķ˳ȥ⣬ܵܵƣ׼Ϣۡڡ
Խε׿Ķߵʱ䲻û´λС͵Ӧûûüӳȥ
ֻҪ󷨷ӡϸѰȻܽץ
Щ˼¥ȥտҲüëֻؿ۵ĿҪը
ĻۣϢա˭ץסʬΣݣ

ˣ
һ³۾
֮ԺתٴԶʯ̨˹
Ȼû֮ǰѹ
ǰֱӡץ˹ȥ

͸ӡ£䵽մ
ѵⶫǼٵģ
һ㶡
ɢǿѹΪǼڹʥ̨ζû뵽
òǻþɣ
֪ͲôѪˡ
װ˷˽ӽʮʱ䡣
ԣѲɡֻȡ
Σת뿪ͻȻһ
ⶫѹʵڣԻǵѹȸУҲʵʵ˼١ȻģȴˣѲɣӡ׻һʣȡ
ϥڵϣ׻ٴδü˳һץȻеһ֮⣬޷͸۾һ֪¶ˣս͵һᡣ

һˤ
أ
ͫһ
öӡ£󣬾ȻһɽҪأ񲻻׻꣬׼֮£û
ҿ׶
һüëڣٴһᡣ
¡¡
ӡ»̧ٻ۶Ÿеµ¥ͣζⶫѹ¥ˣһߣͻ
ˣ¥
¥ζ׹ɫޱȣҲ˲ֱϳ
գ
¥ζ֪ɶˣ״˵ز˾׻һಣһ£ӡʧǰս˴ָ
¥һζδе̮
˿üģ׼뿪Х˳
ô죿
ͫһǰһ㣬ܵĿռ̱ŤոջվԭصӰ˲ʧ

κͽƷ䡣
տյʯ̨üë岻ͣʶˮ֡

һμ⸱飬ŵɫһףƷƼæ
ȥӦûԶ
䣬ν
ǣ˵ͷƷת¥ȥ
Ůһ뿪ξʯ̨ǰḧŹ⻬̨棬ƺЩţƤ鴤ŷŭʲôˡ
δ䣬͵תָŲԶһĵطֱ˹ȥ
һ
ͫһҲ˲Ӱæ
Էǿʵ˽ʥ˶˿ղɨӣѾֻװûģŶȻ֡
˻
̺Ŵʥǿߵķŭһռ̱˺ѺֻۣеһɾϮ˶Ҫըѡ
ȼѪ
ֵ֪סܻᱻնɱٹ˲żҾѪȼգʱգ۹û
ղŻûָͬڿУԷŭıҲǰ
̫ǿʱټֲ˶á
ܵܵͷƤը
λϴμʱЦӭʵû뵽ǿ
깥ͣѪʱ٣Ҳֲ˶ãռҲûκЧ
ǿˣռ䡢ʱ䣬ܹͬѹƣ
ȻҲΪ̫ˣﵽͬ磬ڶԷǰҲԲ˵ҳˡ
ӣ
֪ڵʵ֮ս϶Ƕ֣ٲ룬һΣֱ򷿼ȥ

ûԶʱپͱԷһָƣܵĿռϣѡ
ܵನͣһĺ󱳣һ𣬲Ѫ
żҵˣҵģ
ҪߣĽץ
ǰһղŲڿռ֮Уˣʩչʱ֮תߣһȻòû
ʱ⣡
˭

Էѯʣżǰ塣
˼Ѷˣٲߣ˼Ҳ͡
ӡ
ϾҪԺӣһȣüë͵һ
˻
һ겨Ƶգ۹ͽӡγһ޴ϡ
ƣ
ЩûֽԷͳ𣬽ӻγɵķѡ
⣿㡢㡭˭
δס


1642 Ľ
ǰˣ˿ռ⡢ʱ⣬ͺ˱ˣôû뵽⣬ҲѾ
⣬壬ܹģûмˣѶ֮󣬹ʥҪ̾
һ֣ôģ
˭ô
꣡
𾪵ԸӣǰӰƿ˷ӡȻײǽڣۼҪߡ
Ұգӣôס
ɫǺ죬͵һΣ˺˿ռ䣬Ҳ˳ָſϢ͵һץ
¡
ۻγһ޴ǽԷߵ·ȫǿһֱԷԺ˹ȥ
أ
깥ʱ䡢ռƣӰϣֱԺ
ˣ
УӰϣһĹâˮһ㣬һͽ档
겨ϣǡ׻ʦ
ٴһ飬βûӿеȥ
ܵ𾪣һӼ࣡
겨ϣ׻ʦһ似ܻܽˮʣֵ깥
ֶΣֻд׻ʦ޷ɡ
ǰһʱ䡢ռ䡢⣬Ѳɣһλ׻ʦ
½ϣʲôʱðһλǿߣ
Ҳ֪˿̲𾪵ʱһһ죬շ
ʥı죡
ⶫڵĹʥƶɣѾӽ꣬ÿʮûʹùˣҲ˵Ѿʮ
˿̶ȻϢܵĿռ䱻׷޴֮ϷϮ
ҵĸۡ˼֣¶ȶ½ˡ
죬֮Ϊģһᱻֱӳıɰ׳գΪǿģҲͷĿѣѵֵ
ʦ֮д裬𾪲ѣ˴
˿̣ǰеӰǱˮеһҲ޷ߡ
Ȼ׻ʦʵ̫ˣǵֿס졭
䶨ס˿ѶԷץ˭͸ееӣͻȻͣһζƿزס
̣
˰ʮ֮·Ӱӿ˹ȥƬ̹γһ޴С
ϵ֮ˡ
ɫ÷ףһΣβûιȥ
ⶫ㣬û£ҵĻ
㵽Ҫʲô

Ƿŭɫ࣬죬ֱӰ˹ȥ
깥ȫȥʥؽҲҪѡ

ڶԷϣΪܽ䵱˭֪Ӱ£漴
˷ܵŶԷת˷֮ڶ·׵һ
ۣ
һףѪ漴еԶ죬ӵжϡ
㡢ҵ졭
Ҫˡ
еҲˣȻ˲
׷ʲôǣ˭
ģʼˡ
û˲֪ı˵Ѿͱѡ
ĺۡ

죬սָӰǰȥ
ӣ
һ߽һ߷УôȻˣ˿̣ʮλϷ˳ܣҪߵȥ·ȫ
ӵҾͲս
ô೤ϳ֣˿ɫһ˻ٴζһƣֱǰ˳ȥ
¡
һ֣·󷨣ڿлۡ
ҵĻ󣬳׼
ӡ
󷨿۾𣬽ָһָ
ˣ
âҫ۶Ӱ£
ⲻǿռ䷨ҲֶΣһʵʵ
һ棬Ͱϵ㡢һ㣬޷롣
ӰƺĿֲһ£һΣһڿ̤
꣡
ѵ𣬻۳գ۹ͣڰա
ֹͣ
ٴһΣξһͷвͣɹ
磬㻹㲻
û׷ӦͼӰһУƣֱ˹ȥ

ģһ㣬߷һ˷ܵ졭
ٴαˣ
ۣ
һѪǰڡ
ǱģǱġ
ҵ峤ҵļ壬ҵĵ̡ģ
ֹͣ󷨣峤
ôģ
꣬ôоҸһ

ѪϹĽƷƣż
СıǼһˡ
μæȡ
һӳ죬ӳ峤ķԸ
Ůȥһ̣ҲɶԷˡ
ɣԼȥ᲻ҲɶԷġ
Ʒơ



1643 峤
гϣһ֣
֪ȥ壬ҪɶԷģҲ̲סһХ
¡
ʮλϣͬʱ֣һۣͬռ䶼˺һڵѺۡ
ˡ
мɫࡣ
ֻҪӳԷķΧͿԽǹƿռ뿪û뵽Щϳֵô죬ͬʱֵ˾޴
ǰ磬ռ䲻ȶҪĻռ֪
Ҳ˵ҪƿռߣȻˡ
ɶ£֪ͲȡöӡˣȻڿ϶Ϣ뿪ˡ
¡
ƣܵĳȴʱ䣬ѹȶ
ƺǲླʦδܹ⡣
ҵס
֪ڵʵҪϣȻᱻ࣬һ͵

ոĽҼ̴䣬ܵĻܵƵĿƣγһ͸ĹĤ
䣡
೤ϵĹڹĤϣδơ
ȻС
˿۾һ
ղżԷʩչżҡҵľû뵽Ȼһٳɹ
Ե͵ƿ󷨣ǿηĶ˿ȻĻ
㡢㡭
û뵽һﲻ˼ʹãڵ󷨣ξҪˡ
ǿûǰǸ׾꣬ʵ֮ǿʦδܹʤɡҲɣ
Ҽ֡
һ
೤ϣԣ峤˺ֻٴν
ס֣
֪˼ãٲţһЦٴǰһ㡣

磬ӿ׼೤ϣ͸ղŵһһɹɿ񱩵ڿУһҲȫˡ
峤⵽ô¡
Ҳ̲סһλϷȡ
ôôܿ󷨣
λ˭
Ҳǽʵ
ô£˭
ץͷ
Ҳ֪λ˭ҲŪô¡
һǱر󣬽бﶼϯһա
֪˿̲ǾЩʱ򣬽κ
δ䣬ǰӰҲ˳
λˣߣǱ뽯ңαװҵģбĪˡ
Ʋ񷡣
һæǰȥ漴ղŵӰٲߣתòȻһģһ
ˣȡֹϢȫֺͬ
վһ㡣
㡭
һγˡ
αװԼҲαװòͬϢҲȫһ붼롣
೤Ҳͬʱס
һðλ峤˵ĻȻ෴
׸˭ģ
ֻ㣬λӦװɣ
סԷ˿һڿеת
ţܱס೤ϣ̸еһɣָ
ֻм˿϶ģ
ܿƻôǼٵġ

ɿ೤ȷǰٴοĽΣһ۾дŲơ

ĳˡ
ǰһʩչʱ䡢ռ䡢⣬㲻⣬̣ӵ׻ʦҲ̡ɱģαװ峤гϣֱҲ̲סˣ
ұţǽΣոü󷨶˼
Ͳסһȡ
ʲô˶𣿾ܹڵĻڴҲײٿأ
ߣʲôЦ
˵꣬һܣλϣ
Ǿȱ̲öɣصı仯ûϸĴУʦ᳤٣Ҳƿء
ǰλƿؼܽõ磬϶Ǽ
˵ߣαװ࣬ʦԱʶѲɣαװģ
㲻峤ҲЩͿˡ
ȫס
Ȳ˵ѶȣܹɹҲƿڴɣ
ûжĹǲġ
㵽˭ѵˣ
һλҲͲס򽯷Ρ
ðǽΣƽѵҶʶҺʶ꣬Ϊľ޷ɣҰæָ㣬һö꣬Ҳ֪Ϊͣҳԣ㱬£òǵ˰ɣ
ҲͲסһȡ


1644 ѱ
˵ʵǰһĽλ֪ˡ
һ˵αòͬϢͬûãõķֱ淽ǡ䣡
СڽҳгϣʮϤôαװҲ֮ܽദļ䶼֪
ԣλһѯʣ̾ͽһص˵˳
⡭
⻰ƽһ£˵ɻ
£ǺСʱֻж֪˾֪飬Ҳ˵αװĻ϶֪
Ѳɣûмˣ峤
ôˣһλʵ
˵ġģ
ƽԴεĵ
ʱĺ֣ʱ˳˵ΪΡ
ģ
ϣһٴοüͷ
ˣȻһǼٵģȻģһȻǼٵġ
ÿңЩ飬Ȼ֪ĺ٣һЩ˴Ӧûǿ֪İɣ
û뵽λƽӦô죬һھҪ㣬΢΢һЦţҲͬ˹ƽǽȱµΪѨÿʹ֣Ʋסᵼ
ղŶԷйԺѾ鼮ϵȱݣ֢ᣬ֪һȻԷҪ˵ЩأͲ˵ĸһЩ
⡭
ƽһеĵ˵ͷûֻǡϵĲ֢δ߹κˣô֪ģ
üëһ
鵰װƣû뵽˵ˡ
ͼݿԿ˵ȱݣαװɱ˲˽ĸ˻ԣαװϤˣûôˡ
Ϊ̫Ϥˣ˵飬ǶԷѹͲ֪ġ
ȴ¶֮⣬̾ϢһʵͿֻģû˵һֱѰҰæķ죬ոҵǷ㿴һ¡
˵ָ꣬ǰһ㡣

һϵķݵƽԺ
Ҳ⣬ȫ֪꣬Է׹״ʲô󣬽΢һ£ܽʲô
⡢⡭
ܵԺдݶķƽ׻ͣ
ɿ׷ҪԣϸϵܹΪҲܴ
ѵ峤ѿһֱڰæѰҽ
Ҫݶ飬δ̫ˡ
ϲƽϡ
ı飬ԱǸϣ׹̲סȭ
Ҫƻ󡭡
û뵽ǰλαװĺһģһһھ˵ƽϵ֢ᣬҵ˽ֻͷƤ飬ǼһҲģɳϣʶһٶꡭ
δ䣬ͼǰ򽯷ƽǰһλߣʶһ꣬ɳϣİ깦Ӧôﵽ˰ɣ׹֮ǰЩͻȰ㣬ͣһ¡֤ܽ죡
˵ָ꣬ͬһ㣬һݶȥ
ԶĽɣյݶĹԭأȻҲˡ
׷֮ǰһУȰ깦Ҫǿ̫ˡ
ʵҲԽƽλģΪ˼ǿÿһλϣҶϸ۲֪еѡ
泤ϣûĻǲԼľĹΪûòҪǿȥк档ǲǾúЩζ
ֳϣЩذʱæȢСˣȻܵӰ졭
䰳ϣ㰮黭٣ҲܵΪǲѾͣͲǰܾˡ

һ˵һ߻ˣһλϣ˵һ䣬Ƭ̹гϣȫѻȸĬ
ǰλ˵ķֺȫؽ֢ᡣ
ѵ峤
Ȼô֪ϸͰһ㣿

гϳĬ˵ͷץһǷ
赽˭
ڳϵ״֪Ĳһﵽô֪ģ
˵ķֺȫŷ
Ƕô죿
Ѳɣʧ䣬ǴˣʵǽΣ
ģ˭ҽʲô
һѣΣҲ̲סתͷĽƷơ
ƷƣһϵãˣҲġ
г϶ϲסŮһܹϵó
ҡ
û뵽ƷҲһ£ҡҡ
ðҲˣ֪ô°
ҵ֮ǰ˵⣬Ҫô޸żҵλҪôҵλġ˭˵һشʲô˭ģ
Ʒһҧ


1645 Ǽٵģ
ƾòϢҲ˭棬˭Ǽ٣Ȼˣֻܸ֮ǰĶԻжˡ
˵һ£θش𣬾ǰļһ￪ڣ˵ҲŲҪ޸Ǹ֪װƣˣһ˻飬ŪСʹ಻ѣһϧ֮ĶûС
⡭
һ£ƷƵ˵ͷ䡭

ٴһΣξԼļǲǱԷȡˡ
ŮĶԻǰλô֪ô
ԣ㡭ղžǲǣȻô֪ҺͷƷƵĶԻ
ҲͲסͷ𣬽һȡ
ץ͵Լ屦ȴŪԼ֪Լ˭ץˡ
һ˵һֱߣһˣԹԳɣȻһֻ֣·һ
ҡ
ȭͷ岻ͣҪ˵ʲôȴ˵
Է˵Ĳ೤ĲԼûм֮ıһ֣ȷԿ⡣
ŪĻᱻɱ
ˣ˵һ乫ɣ
֪ǺãһȺһ˳
ȥ˳ǽҵĽƳϡ
ȻڵְλߣȴӵмߵţղҲָ㡣
Ƴϣ뽲
ϳԷȭ
ţ
˵ͷƳϿ˹ǸӣղŸ˵ָ㣬ҶڶУֱָʣû˿󡭡˵ʵҶ룬ǵ峤жãˣȻٽԽżҡָտɴϧ㲻ǣ
ǣһ㶣ǽΡ
ֹסĻҡҡͷʵҿг϶ˣ峤ദ꣬ʲôǻ֪ġһۿ֢ȱݣָ㡭ûҲҪֱ£ңҲ֮Уˡ
ǰξƷǷȱġ
峤ˡ
䣬мλӦ͡
ǰһڡ
꣬УӣǷȱȱˣ
ܲܺú˵
ղţһֱ೤ϳ˭ϳˣΪɶǵûøˣоôأ
ƣͼһŮɫصĵ˵ͷҵЩǷȱ˵˵Щ
ؿڡ
ϳģҲİɣ
ôһӵ⣿
ǣԲŮȻ˵ϵһͿǣ޸Ǹ
Ҳ̲סһ
Ϊָȱݣϵ֢ᣬܹŷ˰죬ԼԼˡ
̫㣬Ȼױ
ʲôطͺеөһĳڡ
ָֺϸڣûκδ󡭡˭ӦѾҵĲȫ˰ɣû´֮ǰݳֵȱݷǲǾ㣬⣿
Ƽ
ǣ
ԷûͱˣҪɱ˵˼֪ҲУֻõ˵ͷ
򽯼ҵ⣬ֶԼ֪ôϸѲɡҲڲ֪֧
ɻ
ҳһλţģ
Ϊ֧⣬Ϣȫ֪ˣòᣬԼңҲһɣ
ҪȻΪλ֪ôϸԼĹҲָƣ
ᣬ֪λش
ʵǲ֧⣬ʸο˼ƿڵĴ󣡡
۾ŹĿǰһȭԡϣܳΪļ콯ңɹѹأ

סһᣬ̲סҡͷ˵ʵҲǽҵˣ
֧ҲˣϧͽңûаëǮϵ
ǽҵģ
ȫһ㶡
Ҳ޷򽯼ҵ⣬ͺͽ˲ɸĹϵƷƼ޸㣬ͬǽ峤Ƶͷ
С
û뵽λһڣҸעƷæҡͷ
ǰˣαװ׵ģͶŲޡ
ƳЦˣ峤ԣȢ˰ɣҲæܾ
ԷĲ⣬һ峤ĻȷԿǡ
ΣܺͰ׾һ𣬵Ҵ꣬һҲͰˣܲܣ嶼˰ɣ
Ȼʦã϶Ͳˡ
ؼǣıѣΪҲܸõľ䲻ҪΣ顣
ȢҾ͡ˣʲô˼
Լû꣬һżܾ
⻰Ʒֱը


1646 ׻ϣ
ô˵Ҳ֮ӣ½պľţؼǡʮƯһ
Ƴ˵һʲô˼
˼þˣ̫ˣҲϲ
ҡҡͷҪըĶԷٴοƳϣѾϲˣˣ׸ҡԸ峤ҲܾҲ취콯ңԽԽãа·
Ѿ֣սʼѾ£żҡңҲָá
պҲܸõĲǸ׾굽ô¡
ϾʦѣұѣʦҲ˱ѡ϶ûô򵥡
п֮ܺǰһҲһᡣ
Ը뽯ң೤ϣȫĬ
Լ峤⻹Ǵδй¡
϶УǼ壬ţûѪηڣ
˼ռ󣬿ڵ鼮ڼ壬һкܿԣ
⣬ͺͽ˲ɸĹϵֻͬҪľˣ϶ӦģûʲôƷȻ˵㣬Ƣ˵㣬ֻҪվҲġ
Ӱټҵ½ݸոմϢؿ쳣ʦúսʦãƺҪزסˡһңΪ֮һȻ׵壡ڡȷҪһλǿ򣡡
οôָ㣬ȫǳ

೤۷׷ס
еͬ⣬еķԡ
Ȼǽҵˣ֪µ˭
˰죬ûκͷƿ
ҲͣסۣǺ档
Ʒƣپᣬ˵
ʵ¡
֪ȥҲûκ壬ϵαװգ۹ʧҲԼ
żҵλСţ
ż峤
˸оҪըˡ
żҼܵǽң⿴е飬⡭˼
ΪλˣҲ϶Ǵڵˣ򣬲ܶԽ֪ô࣬ζ벻Ǹֻжʮˡ
ؼǡûôң
һ⡭
㡢㡭ƷƸƤף۾Ҫɳ
˼ҵ˵ֻ֪װơ㲻˵ˣ
òЩ˵ҳ
ţһᱩһ٣ڿӦûˡ
һ̫ǿˡ
ʦãʮλʦͬûôҪȥһƾͻᱻɣʣ
ѹȼżҵѪʱ⡭
֪ǰʵݣҲ׻š
ΪλĴܣζû뵽ǸŮҪСˡ
ԣղŲ⶯ʱ⣬˿ռķ⡭ѵ㻹ˣռ
һ£ͫһ̲ס
Ҳ˿ռķ⣡
ͷ
ղ龰Σ⣬Ѿʩչסˬˡ
˷⣬ǡҵλġ
ǰλαװ೤ϡŮ޷ʶͻȻ֡Ǿ֡
αװģٴεͷ
⡭ѹ֣
һΣ׹һЦ
֮ǰһֱ룬ôôõձðţ˰죬λ
һĽƷҲ״ˡ
һ峤
ֲ
Էһȣʲô㲻ϡ
ʱ⡢ռ⡢⡭һȫ򡭡
ɶʱôֵǮͿˣ
壬棬ûкɡһôок󱲣ͷûɶ
λ
𾪹󣬽λһܣֻ˵һ£ξǾ
峤뽲
Ƶ˿˹
رеĻӡʧµòӦñλߣ˰ɣ
ε
ߣδɫһ졣
ϴ˼ҵĲرŪëûʣһʱʳʵЩΡ
ӣһᣬֻܸԷٴλȥˡ
߻ӡ
εĻ೤ϣȫһ𣬽ţǰһֱӰݵڵأƣݼ᳤
Һ󱲣ݼ᳤
λҲȫˢˢ
᳤
һ㶡
ղ˵
᳤ʲô
żȻǽҵĹӦ֪ǽҵؼڡ׻ʦ
һãδ
ţͷ
㣬֮ǰɻˡ
׻ʦѾʦýôڣ´У˹ģڴ½֮ϣ
ӡǵ׻ʦ᳤ӡ£ƿⶫ׻ʦĻ᳤ǽңԸΪ
ιȭ


1647 ׻£
׻ʦ᳤Ļӡͫһ
ѹⶫôأ⣬׻궼òߣû뵽д
ô£ңεõ׻ʦĴУôƿػӡΪ׻ʦǱ壬ѱʦɱ𣿡
ǺͿ
ĸ㲻ˡ
ңΪ֮һʦϿල£ǲ׻ʦȻ׿ֻóط׻ȫָôǺߵĴˣ
£ڽĵĻܣﲻϸ̸֪ʦܷǻش
һ£ε
Ȼл޷̽飬Ҫ˵£ʵ̫ܣһлҪСġ
ţ˵ͷ
룡˿ǰȥϽ
Ҳɣʱ䲻һĴ
ֳֶԷļƿػڴ󣬲ĳ⡣
λϣ˿
ת󷨣ȫӡſ˹˵ʦһλ·ѧ׻꾫ӵ˴ʥʵ֪д£
ȷд£ͷ
·嵱Ϊ˾ʦ˴սֵ÷зԷ֪ʲô
˵ʦҲһλ׻ʦ
ţӦһ
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ϣȫ˿Ҳдż֪ʦ׻괫ɼ׻ʦ
ҵĴСһϹŻĻǣδ׻ʦҡͷ
īֻǻһл꣬׼ȷѾ㲻׻ʦˡ
ģû˵ѡ
ûһ㶡
ǰɻĿ׻ʦ˽ɵĴʦ½ѶϾ˰ɣ
ɣ⻰γĬƬ̣ٴοʦ֪Щ£
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ʵ׻ʦ겢δ壡ε
δѣɻ
£ʦõϣмأʦ½˶֪¡ѵǼٵģ
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̾Ϣһλ
ͷ
£һ䡣
ʦҲϣԹ
ʱǣˣָƣǶԶԷ֪٣ɱ¾ܹ֮⡭ǿߣʵԷ£һϢͻʶģ־ܣɱ
μ
Ĭ
һμ˵ʱ
ɱ¾ֱ֮ģӰ꣬ܶˣվվȣʦοͨˡ
Ϊʤʦóߣ壬̽İء
ɫȻ׻ʦΣӦΪöԷţͱ룬࣬ʦã׾ѣǡ˺صЩ׻ʦΪа죬Ͷ壬ʦɱл𡭡
⡭
һ
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Ӣۣȴꡭ
Ǹʱ壬˵ѹ£ţԼƣܹϳȥϣܵίʲô
֪ЩʲôνŵΪţʦöôʦΧ׻ʦְҵһҹʱĹ᳤ҲڱԾʦã
ɱˣǡǲš
ˣλ壿
ʱĻ᳤ɱʵϣ׻겢δһĴУҲڵĽңԼȥ壡
̾Ϣһμ׻Ĳ״˵λǿߣԶλֻʣ»Ļ᳤Ųɡദˣ᳤˽ɱ¾֮İءǾ취Ϣһףɱλǿߵķ
ˣԶԷص㣬Ū˲ǵķֻǴģƽû⣬Ҳûǿʱˣɱ¾֮ԽԽ³ָָ⣬սԽԽС
󷨾ȫһк
һνؿߣɱҶˣ˲ķȴ֣ܶ࡭ʱ;֣Ϊӵ׻ʦķôڲסλ᳤µģ
ĿľΪóԣ
踺أǱ壬⴫д󹦷ݹ¡
ȭͷ𾪵ԸӣͻȻһ£ͫһʱҪ˾ǿߣ֪˭


1648 Ԩʥ
λǿߣܱƵõĿʦû취ϧʩչԵ׵ķжǿ
Ȼһʥ˰ɣ
λľѾ֪ˣҲûֻ֪ʵھ£Ϸ׺ݹ죬ϲŭ޳鲻ãԼҲɱ
û뵽γһ£ˡ˻壬ƺΪˣ
ˣ
һΡ
Ȼ
ղʦڳ²̣Լµˣû뵽ġ
Լ֮зӡǸСݺݡȻһλÿʦͷ۲ѵĳ
׻ʦΪҪɱǲϧ踺أڶһ˸硭
ѹһһ񣬻ŵʱ򣬵ȷǿ
ǰλ᳤Ϣʦǰ֣֪˶Էг̺󣬽зһս޹⣬ضˡգ˱ʦɱʬǶû£
ε
Ĭ
ȫѳ飬Ѽ˺üˣȻ֪ĺֻû뵽Ϊɱ˲ҡ
׻ʦְҵʦҲ˼ࡣ
Щ飬ʦδɣô֪ģ
һᣬ
Щ飬ǻеĻܣʦܲδ֪ǰλΪ֪ô
ҵĲ⣬ͷβˣмصĻȻ֪ûмأ꣬Щ飬δ
ӡεЩ£ʦ˻ӡ֮УֻҪΪҵ峤üͻӡӴͻ괫Ѷ֪˵ˣ󣬶֪ȱ˶Ĺס
ԭˡ̾Ϣ
Ҳǡ
ѫǲܱʷûġ
׻ʦΪ壬Ϊ˴壬˲֪Ϊ
ҪЩ¼ֽŵĻһϢйŪã׻ʦΣգȫᱻɱ
˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǣʦ϶Ҳûа취ֻܽЩϢڻӡڴһ죬ܹƽ˺Ϊ׻ʦһ׷
ң׻ʦλ᳤ĺѪҺԣˣ˭ƿػӡʸΪµĻ᳤ӣ
ε
ͷ
೤ϴ˿ҲĬ
Ҳֻ֪Ҵ׻ʦϸڣҲ̫ף˿̣峤ϸ˽⡣
ȣȻ׻ʦ
ƷҲǳĬۿ졣
һֱԼλʦԺ׻ʦΪϷְҵ
˿̣ףһֱϵְҵΪ壬ôĹף
ûǣˣڴ½ϣ޲ߡ
ʦ⣬ȡ߻ӡ۴׻ʦĽǶȣǽҵĽǶȣʵĳΪ峤û˸˵ʲô
ٴο
ǰʦʱ䡢ռ䣬⣬ʦöΪ֮Ŀ£Ϊ׻ʦϴˢٴµΣֻˣ
Ϊ׻ĺˣǵȴʵ̫ˣ
ʦҪƴǡ

೤ͬʱıȭ
ѪУ׻ʦ᲻ǡ
ƿ˻ӡ͵ڻ᳤ֻ˿ʱ̫ˣΪ󱲣ĲԸ⣬ȥ
ӢѪˣҪᡣ
ܡʦ½ˣҺ׻ʦĹϵ
⡭
ͣһ£˵ͷΪ峤û⣬ֻǡ峤һ£̫ףܹΪҽ󡣡
뽲ɫ
ҽҵʱпһ׾ӴҼ佻Σû´Ӧͷˣ
еɻ˳
Է˵ģ׻ʦΪ壬ôǵĺȻܱѣӶûһࡣ
׾ָ꣬νͣ
׾ꣿʦ˵ĿѦ
һ£ο
Ѧɻ
ˣӰټҡԨʥĺһΪѴﵽ˴ʥླ۷壬ڴöպ˵ϵĸ֡
ν͡
Ԩʥĺŵһ״ġԨʥһ𣺡ôܣۼһ𡭡
ˡ
һμλ׾ڰϪɽᴫʱһ¶ԭΣˡ
ڶΣȳǵʦᣬðüͷˣһͷ˹ʥ
Ԩʥĺˣôô˽һ
໥
⡭ǰʱҵңҸϵڵ׻ʦȱֻϢ塭ʲôӰټʮأδ˵ԣ̫
ε


1649 սƷΪ
ϵ׻ȱ
ǺͿ
һԨʥĺˣôʦᣬҲǱѣʦͬӰټҵǿߣΪλһ
ؼʥ
ô룬벻ͨѯ˼䣬λΣ֪ԷڸʲôֻǰնԷҪ󴫵ϢϢݣûʸۿȻҲ֪
Ϊ壬ôΪˣôûǵӢ飬οҽҽڵؿߵǿߣ֪㲻ФҲ£
Ǳ壬αȭһɫ
Բ³çˣæ
ԷΪ帶ô࣬ȴɺȻ󲻾
׻ʦ뷨Ҳ
ҡҡͷٴοʲôȻ򣺡ʦѵǾǿͶˣŽر⣬ȫգ
ǡɫһ졣
ԸˣȷҪʦǺ͹򡭡׹
棬ܹǱڣ踺أƾ㣬֪Թ򣬲ء
ҪĴ͵ǵбû˹ȷõѡ
ҹһᣬͽǵıȥæ
֪Էǵû壬Ĵ󹦳ƤٺҲ˼ΪС
⸱飬Ц
Ȼλ²򣬵ЧǼı壬һʥأƾͷ۲ѣš
˵ʣµҲͼˣӦݴҵ峤
׻ʦû֮ǰʱܺͽҹҹȻŲҳ϶ø·ˡ
Լλѧҵ׻أõ˴УԺȻ׻ʦһ۷
˵׻أҲ׹
֮ǰ룬׻ʦγô⣿ڿҲǿʦΪ𣬹أˡ
Ȼʦõʲôʣ¡
δѾҹѽƷƽеǰһ鼮
Ҷ⣬ѧϰӦÿԺܿ򣬲ȥۿ赡
ҵıػȥֻһЩܹṩıոдһؼ˹
⣿
ɻĽ鼮ܿ쿴һ飬ƷƽĿԲš
翣ޣ츳ѣҪ⣬Ҳûκţһ
ڣλ峤ؼ廯򵥻ǳֱָ塭⣬ֻҪѧϰһڣп⡣
һ涼
⡢⡭̫ˣ
ҲƷҧҧ촽Ƭ̣ĳ־ȭͷôصؼûʲôɱġʵڲУʹӦ
ȻϲλҲ֪Խ̫ҪܹĻá
ˣ㡣
Է˵ϲˣʵڲо檡
ò͵λӦòܾ
ˣ׹Ȼ򵥣ûָĻͬ߻ħ;
Ϊǣ΢ЦҡҡͷɣΪѧָ
ѧ
Ʒһ
Ϊôôжζûϵѧ
檶ãů
ͷ峤ԴڣڿѧҲˣ
̲סȵ
λ峤żҼҼʥӵѧսʦսӡԭʦ᳤ԬҼÿһ򵥡
ŮܳΪӣֻǼȻҲָտɴ
ǣ
⻰Ʒһ£ŷӦ
һֱԷʥӵǸսţȴûʶһµĹ򣬶ԷȻվڴ½ۣ֮λ֮
˵ݣ˵ʦʦ֣ҪϸŵĻһүүΪ
ͽƷƼʦ
ϥһ޳ɣƷƹڵء
ɣ
΢΢һЦ
ղŮڵأԺٴζһ֮ᣬ̲ס˿
֮ǰ֪ⶫΪʥһأؾͲˣû뵽ʥܲס
˴ֶξԴӣʥˣҲʲô
ʵڲУٶռѧţʦǸѧҲУһ£תøˣ
°ͣ㡣
ڵݣҪղѧܷݣǺѧȥң
ˣһô㡢ֱΰ󡭡


1650 
գ뷨
ʦУضĹȻʦ״ȥգԲϹء
Ȼѧ˶Ҫף
Ͼ״ͨڿѧм𣬾ǿʦҲԽ
Ժ󣬻ҪѰҺʵˣΪѧС
֮ᣬǿ󣬶˵ȻǶơ
ԺУٱʥҡһ˾ˣ
ˣʦǧ᲻ҲΪⶫ
ͻȻһ
ʦ״ֻʮмصڿѧȫǧ᲻ᣬҲԼһиͼݣôΪΪ֮᣿
ͺ˽ս鱾ҪǮңӲը࡭
ȭʦҪǱҲߵǿˡ
ͷʦǲóˣӦܹˡ
ֻܶϣΣҪϸ֤
ȥ˼룬ƷϸҪע飬Է⣬Ȼ˺ҹ
Щʱ䣬պÿܲܽ׻
һۣ֪磬һ³
ιҪĿģΪ˴׻꣬ͷʥʬѾѼ˼񲻻ͽĹֱҲȱ羡ͻơ
ýΰ˸ƧԺ䣬ϥھ֮Уһ׻üڿС
ʼɡ
һᣬо״̬ﵽ۷壬һ֮ǰڽҲر⣬²౦ڵϣɢŨϢ

Ѩ򿪣ɿӿ
Ϣͣһյ蹦򣬾ͻ˼񲻻۷壬ʱ̤һ
ոͻƣû׹̣Щ鸡
˼ΣЩ̣ü
׻꣬ŸͻƵ񲻻춼ûϻЩ鸡ʱͳĻܹɹԺҲкܴӰ졣
ʵʥѶ˲֪ٱѾûǰôˡ
ѲɣҪ໨ȥĥϣü
ʱרȥĥһ硭ʵ̫ˡ
ھΣ뾡ʵС
ȻǹʥҲӲǿս
жԻѹȣ϶ϲ١
һ۾âһˣӡ
ǸӡתĻԻǵѹ󣬾׻꣬Կ⡣
ƾԼĥϻĻ׹̼񲻻磬ûⶫ϶ӿ첻٣ܳ׹̡

һһöӡǰ
ⶫһ̸֣ŨҵѹȸУҪǶ˺顣
Ҳת⣬׻껺
̣
翿ȵĻ棬屻Ҹʴ֨ѽʱ
ת
һߣڻתʼ׻꣬𽥱ȹ̣ʵ
ϴǹһѹս壬
ļ񲻻ƣͬǸı걾ʣıϸĽṹûøӼ͡
ѹȣЩ鸡Ļ壬ٱ̣ԽԽǿгһɫĹâı־
ǽ
ֵĽɫâȥȻֵ֣ĵط͵Ķࡣ
Ļ壬ʣ˽Ļ壬ȻӵԶƷʥ
Ȼ
۾Ź⣬ѹ壬ϴ׻ǿȡ
ʱͣ
һﵽ񲻻鸡Ļ壬ȹ˵ʣҲ˷츲صı仯ԶԶȥƮݣһֳף𻯵֮С
ʥʥʣȻͬ
ڣ˿Ѿ˽ɫƣȫתӲӣ

֪ﵽ۷壬뾫ˣŽӡ𣬾ٴһӿڣոȹ̵ļ񲻻ٴ
¡
Һﵽ˺˱ڵĽɫƣڻǣ䣡
ˣ
Ȼǿ󡭡
ܵ׻һ˲ֵɱ䣬Ǽ
ﵽ־磬Ѿʩչ׻괩ҲõģᱻƿĿռ伷ѹܵˡ
·ٴﵽ˽
ԴΡ
ԼѧȻ죬ʵߣΡ
¡¡
ں˼룬ûüпҺ⣬ܲһۻѹ
׽٣׻Ҳ׽٣
üëһ£֣Ĺ𣺡Ԫ١
٣
һ£漴۾һɫǺ죺񲻱ʾǰ̥


1651 
ʦ˵̥Ҫգܳ׽ΪֻΪʥû뵽׻굱һⶫ˹
Ҫܽ᲻ֱӽһ̥׽޷գ
ٿֱ׻ꣿ
뵽㣬æʵ
ʥٷΪ١ٺĽ٣ν٣Ȼͬߵĳͷ᲻ҲƵĲ裿
٣Ϊֱ֣ǣջꡢģջʵӦÿԼ֣ģͺˣвͻ𡣡
ѯʣһ£ģǣħӰǵģһ½ݡҲﵽʥؽ֮ϣѪ壬ܿĻǡѣϹʱڣ֪׻ʦ磬ûܹ⡭
ǹ֮ǰϪɽʱ򣬾ͼʹù׻꣬˿̼ǣ⡣
˼Ҳﵽ٣ȫ˵أ̲סʵ
ҪȵĻǿĶֵ࣬Ǹɹļʽϴ󣬵׻ꡭһδ˵˭ܹɹ䣬˳˸ĺڶУ¶ǡ
òˣһһΪԼˣ˭˵ȥ
ȥġ
ֻʣһѹͷˡ
ڻ˺ܴһأ
ԷĻҡҡͷ
ϵΪûѧϰʦƷƾټûкʵķͻƣҲͻƲˡ
ͻƣҲкܴ룬϶ϲǰˡ
ɣҵҪ٣ж
ǹȽʥս£ܱӡ£䶪ʧ٣۹ͼʶȴҲһ˿Աġ
Ȼ˵ѣ𣬿ûôס
ͬ޵УǿΣ
ܶɹֺξ֮
¡¡
ипյƣȻ˶㡣
ĺƣͨںڣ죬ϸȥ淭գûǰ͸һ֣أ֮С

һŻֱĻ塣
;Ļɫͬī֭һ֮ɫ
ҪǴյ䣬ǲ˭īһ࣬ʵڡ
𣿡
滹ûǰϷĿռͳһѺۣ׹䣬ɢǿѹƣͷƤը
٣ȵģۻģ¯УĵػҲ֮Ӵɴδô죬ôǿģ
īû˿âռ䶼ܲס
׻ܹ⣿
˵׻꣬ԶƷʥ֮һҲ»˲ڻ
⡢ǲͨ𣬶ǣǡ𣡡
𾪵ĿҪ裬ǹƺҲţͣĲ
ʲô
æ
Ҳֵȼߣһ㶼ƷҲ͵ȵģʻɫʦսʦǶƷɭ֮ɫȽʥǣܿʦָ㣬ϵķһƷɫȼԽߣĽҲԽǿ󡭡˵УԶһƷų֮𣬳ʺɫֻпʦһ˾һﵽʱųֵġ㡢ô
ǹͷ۾ͣ˸һı顣
ﲻ٣ﲻ𣬱˵ǣǽླǿ߹Ҳֻбճɻҽһ·ߡ
ǰһֻ׻ͻƣôˣ
ͨҪɹͲ֪жѣ֡ܣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ô֪
û뵽棬ͷᡣ
ֻǶɸٶѣôʦ
ƣ֪ʱҲǾʱ򣬸תͼѾ׻ǰ֡
ܣ
ɫһӴȼҵʹɫһ䣬Ĳ
ΪͶ׽һֻҪ֣ͿԳܣô벻Щ棬ôǿвǶᱻճɻҽʲôʣ¡
ת
֪ΣǹҲסҳɣһҧȫת濹⡣
ˣ
ʢ
ԭ͸Ļǣ˿¶ɫͬһ޴ķ
̣
ǿʤûâӴͽΧĿռ˺飬Ҫռ˺ɷĩ޷ָ

ҳɣǰһ㣬ռʩչ
ˣ
˺ѵĿռȹ
ɿ£ǱͬҲ𽥱˺ɫ


1652 
ȥ϶ᱻ
֪գɶʣ£ٲɣٴһתһǰĻײ
ʵʵ͵ػڵĻϣɲǼ䣬߾ըϸСĻ磬ûӦٴλۣзա
ܻ飬ǡָ̫ˡ
ɫء
ղ⹥ֻ̽һ£ûЧû뵽һٳɹֻϧۺϵ̫ˣѣҲӰ첻
ˣʱ⡭
һ
ۺϵٿ죬ҲҪʱ䣬ֻҪʱڣͿʩչʱ⣡
ƣ
ٴιͬһʱָ̣ǰ㡣
ˣ
ǰһУٴαûڵĻǰֿﵽһмۡ
ҷֿ
߶ȼУһϸСĻϣܵϸСĻ磬һһ˹ȥ
ֿʮС磬ʱٽȻеյʹУࡣ
ǻԽԽǿ˿۾Ź⡣
ͬ¶ȣһѻ϶ɢĻǸв
Σɫ棬ֳϰٷݣȻоոʧѾܹܡ
ʱ䡢ռ䡢ꡭ⣬һˡҲֻ
һǹû뵽ֲ̲ס
һ٣ǰλȻᱻû뵽辶⣬ɹΣջ⡣
Ҳʱģֵܹסջ꣬ģҲ϶Կ⡭
ҡҡͷɶǰλܹɹε٣̫á

öˡ
ȥĵǣ汻ѣոû֮ǰôǿŷҿʱ䡢ռ䡢⣬治֪ô졣
ˣ
׻ĽʢϸС磬ȵ棬ոм˲٣ʹҲ
ͣתԽԽʢɫһʼ£⽫飬ʱڣȻƣȴҲܼ֡
̥
ʱûΣգ֪ѵãĿһ
̥Ȼɴ˻ᣬպһЧ
߶ȼУٴʩչһеĹһСĻѳ֥Сƶ£̥صλãӿ˹ȥȵ͸⣬ڲͣɢ䡣

̱˺˰ʹ
ôûЧ
Ƭ̺ü
ʦ˵գԽ̥˰죬̥˿һ仯ûУⶫû˿η塣
ѵҪ棬壿
ͫһ
ղգǱ⵲棬ڸѥɦδڲ̥Ӱ죬᲻ԭ
ֻǡ
ôǿĻУ̥û£Լȱˡ
ˣҲҪ
֪̥ڣϯѰҲû̫ɣתѹͬʱһһϸСĻ棬˲˻ǡ
̣
ͬ׹˻¯յҵʹ裬ͷƤը˶ЩѣΡ
æͷͼյĵطһӣӴĻ壬ϡˣƺʱ
⡭
ɫѿ
ֻһ㣬ǾͲնˣϵ
ô죿
ţ֣׶ɹ˳㻹ܽһ̥ζûϵô¡
ָ֥СУǾͷָС
һҧ
ָոнͣȻˣָֱܹΪֹ
뵽⣬ײ
Ϊﵽ־磬ϸСͬ΢ʶɨȥҲİۡ
Σ֥СĻ磬ֻСȼգһ֣Կڻ֮С
ա
ֿƶһ忿գ۹򣬾ͽС
̣
̥˹ȥ߹ȻЩη壬ˡ
ֻ̫Сˣ̥Ȼη壬ȴû취˺
ա
ٴһֽһսڣ̥ٴκˣʱ䲻ϸС𣬾ͳ
ǿˣ
磬߾ĵطԱøӼͣǧһ㣬ɫâҲø׿ʢ
ȻԴ
۾Ź⣺Ȳ̥ˣȽȫһ飬һӣ϶ҲӲ
Ǽ磬ȫд͸еָϵĴָζһ£һӰͻأǰ

һ֪ΪΣȻ۵ռУԼˡ
һ𣬶㲻ôʵڿȥˡ
һӵĿһֱۣյƳ˹ȥ
¡¡
һ£һţ̽С

Ƥһ顣


1653 ̥
˿̵޵Ķˣ޲иطȥ
ĥĥʱ䡢ռ䡢ȫʩչҲСĻ磬Ҹогɾ͡
˼ҷһȥһš
ؼǡʲôʲô̬ȣʲô
ֻ꣬Ǹ
ʲô˼
ôǱܷΣ֪Լĵλ
һ뵽λɫѿ
òƣԴԺ֮սΣÿζԼʧܶաҪ˵λҲûС
ˣ̧ͷеķȥ˵ʵǵһΣϣ
Է˸ãһ˷ܣóԣ

һͷƣʧ
£
һĹͣ£ȫͷɢܣһı顣
ʲôǿ߶ʦҲУɡһμȱקģ
ؼǡǿηһǵ˿壬˽ȥѵͲ±ճɻҽ
𾪣漴һȴ¶˳һֻҴꡭ
ž
һźɫĻ类ȣϷըȵ˷ǵû£ܣ
⡢⡭𣿡
һ£ɪɪ
֮ǰóǰһˣԷף֮һȣ̫ˡ
תͷվԭصı𣬾ͼɫ࣬ͣ
˭˭ƴˣ
ಣ
ûӦͿ˵׻꣬ҲֱƳ˹ȥգۼʧǰ

׷ˡ
ҳ壬ΪĲǿֵסĻ棬㡭һͷ׻ȥʲô
Ĳ
ʵڲСˣϷΪ
һֻצס°ͣΪԼı·

ӣܵˣֱӳơ
¡
գ۹򣬾Ϳڻӿ˹
ĲǾ̥Ӳ壬һܳܣҿ϶Ҳԡ
ȻΣգȴż
Ϊ³çǾ㡣
õ۵ռ󣬾ԶͷԼԷҲҲ˵׻ͻƽԷҲһͬΪ
ȻˣܵסΪԼܲˣ
϶ʲôûע⵽
ԶķȥͼںɫĻ֮УʱӾʱӾʱ٣ʱɴ֣ʱɡ̫֡˵⡣
ɫĻ治ͣգ忪ʼͷųɫĹâҲǰӼ͡
ˡ
һȻ򣺡ǹ˵ٷΪջꡢġԣҾһֱΪջΪһ׶Σʣµ֡ڿͨٿˣ٣ǣͬʱˣ
棬Ե٣Ҳûﵽ׳ܲסĵزϾ׻꣬־׽ٴѼ̵Ŀȴʥ
ɡһŻ棬ȴηþֶΣйܣաӦþǶԵĵĿ飡
̥̾⣬η壬ֱӳȥˣĥĵЧʧҲûеôˣ
ͺ¶ںҹԽ֣̿Խ˲ңʱ㲻Ļ̹η壬оʲôˡ
Щ뷨һٲӿĺڻ׻͵ſڵĽ⣬ͷţɲǼ䣬׷ſԼٲȥܣ᲻ᱻ
̣
Χտľ֮£Ȼоٲ֮ǰʹڻ£øӼ͡
Ȼˡ
Ч˿ͬʱ׹
٣ջ壬ԾľҲдá
Խ£ԽΪյĲĻ壬ġ
ηʱСˡ
С²ͣʹһϮоʱᱻ˺ѡ
Ȳˣ塭
֪ЩûãһѨٴδ򿪣ܵĻɶȥ
¡
ڣ̲ͣߣѾ˽ɫĻ壬ҫۣâ貣һɫķӡ
̥ܲܽյ
ܻӦ¶ȣڲɣһһȵĻ棬ӿ̥ķӿ˹ȥ

̥ǼʲôµĶͣˡ
۾Ź⣬ٿƻӿ롣
֨֨֨
ܾһļУ̥ҲֲסХŴӻ˳һͷƣʧ
̥ѾԼʶȻҲء
ڰˡ
ߣ˿
ⶫԴӷ֣;Ǹʱըη壬Ҳһ·Ŭǳ׽ˣ


1654 ŵ̥
̥ӻʧһ壬֪˶ãƻɢ
٣˳ɹ
ɹʥ˾η٣ĻѾױ˽ɫָû졣
ǰ֪׻Ļǲ
׻꣬ѾЩˣѹ֣·嵥ƾǣھʦɱ߽߳
Ǽ
׻꣬仯˿ǽӲӣҲ޷˷֣ͻúͱһӲͬǿߣ첻ֻǸǡ
ѹ׻ʦϹʱڶպ˾ηִķȷĽ
Ҫǡ׻Զߣ
ֻҪ񲻻ϸҲƣﵽһͻޡ
׻겻ͬԶ壬ʥ1500꣬Ͳˣ׻꣬ȫԻǧ꣬࣡
ֻ׻ҲԼȱݣǾǻ˥
׻ʦŵ࣬ȱѹؾǻ˥ֻǣ⣬ҲͲõġ
߸пתͷͼ˿̽Ӳӣͬõ˴ڵϢͣʵǿˡ
Բ
һ顣
ȼտʦ֮ѪʹùླԲˣʥʵûÿһΣȴ֪ĺ
ǰķͫ׶ǽɫȻ˴Բ硭
ɹ٣ô졭
ؿڣۡ
ȣôˡ
һֱ;Լܿˣһ죡
Ȼ۵ռɡ
һ÷۵ռ䣬̸ոսΪԼӿһΣ
㡢㡭ɹ٣
ǼܲͣǹǱʲôҭţſҲ£ˡ
Ϊ˿񱩵׽٣϶ᱻճɻҽôûϵôͳɹɹ

š
𾪣һЦصͻȻͫһô£
ֻԼϥڵϵɫڣͷðẓ́ͣƺڳĳʹࡣ
ղܳʲôֱȥˣһΪ㱻ճԾû
ǹΡ
ͷߡ
ûôճ
㣬һͷӣҲ֪ǲǱ˿ųˡ
úͷǼī׻һΣ۾Ƥһûըˡ
ֻӻ̥ܳ˿ڣʶɨк⡣
Ϊû뵽׻ܻ꣬ˣ
Ҽأ
ܵ׻꣬׻ܻ
浱ڣ

ɫͳ͵ӿ˹ȥ
̥ΪηŴ׻꣬һǾֱ
¡¡
գ۹̥ǰų˹ȥ
̥˼漴һ

ͷһгΣʮʡ
㡭
ˡ
֮ǰ̥ǶʮηģֻҪӿͻŵöܣôӾˣ
ѵ٣Ҳη塭ˣ
ɫࡣ
ȻһŵߣҲһʱ䣬òᣬĲ˱죬η˰ɣ
Ϊʦ֪پ綾ȷǿ԰ʱġ
Ҫˣˡ
֮ǰѹȣûѹƣһҴܣ߳ױĸ죿
׻ѹ
˼ΣȻûãһ׻ѹȥ
׻ѹ̥ٴκ˼ڽ䣬һ
Ӧ׻ܹ꣬лһЩη塭
׻վܹĴ֮ǰ̺һ̺һŻе¡
ֻǡ
׻Ҫʱʱ̶̿ѹ
ȻͻǷ룬κ˶Կ׻ʦˡ
ܴܲȥ
һҧ׻꿪ʼ׷ϡ
ãסˡ
Ƭ̺һᡣ
⣬׻꾡ܿԱССķΧһģ׻׷ֱ̥ӲϸСľǻǣ겻ȥ
ǿȥĻŪûᾭըѣĸҡ
׻һ˳̥ʹϸС˳һ׷ϣٴβؼΣִ˲ƣ˵ҳˣҽȥˣҽȥˣֳˡбץҰ
òҪңȻҾƴŲҪҲҪŪ
һ׻ºϣػһ΢˿ͬʱͣüġ
ðɡ
ǵڰɡ
٣ٲٵġ


1655 
ҪΪˡ
һţ˭Ҳ֪ɶʱͻᱬΪ׻٣պÿԳûɱζû뵽ǵûŪ鷳ˣ
뾡ΪҲꡢཻڣһţ϶ҲᱻɱĲڡ
ҵ£ҪȥҡżҵìܣȻ󡭡ȥʦܲ
ҪٽȥʦãҵʦµƷƾȻ֪²ͻơ
ż֮ǰȽʥʬ
׻ﵽʵ˺üѾ˳ͷʬ壬ƳɽˣΪˡ
뵽⣬ٴν۵ռ䣬տ֮һ
أ
ʬٴڵϣҳһӡ
ü׻ֱȥ
̣
޴ѹϮͷð亹
ˣ
ɢŨĽ⣬ѹ̼᲻٣ǰ

˽ȥ
ô󡭡
һʬڲǽһķ䣬һۿͷ˶ޱȵĻ壬Ȼһֵһᡣ
Լ֮ȣʹ
Уʹ޻˵ķϡ
֪˶ãٴվ
Ѿ޻ˣܲս
˫۷Ź⡣
޻˵ƷҪŵܸ࣬õϣͼݵ޸ģʬҲƣȻƳ̶ϲˣȴҲ಻
֨֨
þȫŹʥʬ壬վ
̧ƣ˼͸еƤһ顣
һԻʵ̫ˣ˲ﵽ׻꣬һ룡
˵սˣܲܳȭҲ˵
һ°ɡ
һҧʣµĻ͵ת޴Ĺʬջ

۵ռ̶ҵǱ˺Ļһڵѷ졣
ǿ
ȹ˲֪õ۵ռ䣬һȭķ飬鲻Խķ
ȻһԻģþˣɡҲʵ̫ˣ
۵ռ䣬ãʹÿʦ֮ѪǹԼҪ˺Ѷʬ壬һȭĲ𡭡
񲻱ʾʥ֮£۶ǿһȭܻ
ҪĻδ̫ˣ
ֻҪʥȫû⡭ʥһ֮ᡭʱֽһͷ޻ˣս
ٺ٣ⶫʥ֮£ʲô
һЦ׻ɳ׻ָ֮ٴνУŹʥʬֲ䣬һȣҳ
ڹ̸ոսΪ˹
Űһ¡
ܶԷ̬ȣٺһЦһȭȥ
û뵽ѾԿͷʬ壬һͬһȭӭ
أ
ಣ
ɶʧǰ

һˬ
һｻֶΣһֱŰڳá
Ժ󻹸ҸԼNɪهNɪ
ˬˬˣҲܴһȭȥĸɾ
뿪ʥʬ壬صȡٴλָͿŭķ˹
Ҵң
ĿҪըˣһǰ˵һȭ
Ǹʬ㣬ҡðɣҳϣһָָʬ˵
ɫһ䡣
ʬã
˵
أ
ʮӺףûˣ᲻ͣޱȡ
ôʲô£
ѧ򲻹ŮѴ򲻹̥šȫˣ
Ȼˡôҡ
ô
ɥĻصתƻָ߳䡣
ǸװƷԺҪٽӴ
ʱѾ磬ͽ˵һȡǹٴδƿռ䣬ȥ
»صżҡ
ôˣ
뿪ѾһһҹˣջصԼסͿ߹ǿ
ǰúù۲壬ôʱ䣬ò˰ɡ
ûΪҵ峤û죬ҵһֱܵ͵
ǿæ͡
ιģƾԼΪ϶Ψһܹ峤ûȻ׳ˡ
Ǿͺá
û˿ǿȥԼһ£һٴθıģ
ظöαװʮֺãҪʹãʱԣȻҲڽңαװĽκ೤϶ˡ
αװ£òϢѪʵ˿Ҳһģһġ
սʱľͻ¶ڣӻˡ
Ȼҵˣڵ峤ڡ峤Ҳóˣ
Ȼֵķʽ϶Ǿϲ


1656 VS
żҿͷƲҵ
˵峤ȥˣôû
᳾Ƴơ
˭֪أλ峤ײβ˵Ͳˡǹսȷϵģȴס˼ҼȳԵȺȡо˺÷
Ҳǣżȥһֵ۹⣬֪ôˡ
λϵ
֮ǰ£ûӰټҵϹԪ̨սָһѧʤˣ峤ò֪Ϣ˰ɡ
Ǭüġ
дսʤӰټҵƶǳţŪĶȽϴ˭֪һ˵ϹԪˣͬ飬ؼûָ֣һ֧ѧ
Ϣ̾òˡ
ָѧôԼжǿ
ٽϴε۹ֳĶ˽ʥǶ֡Ҫ峤ܻʤ
ͷȫһƬơ
ʵϣ峤ֲ֣ϣ֣һ֣ԾͱУӮ˵ãˣҽ桭
һλϵ
Ūĺҹԣһ顭͸üˡ
ǰҲô롭
λͬʱͷ
ٳٲֵĻǿ¸ˡ
һ
ٴγĬ
ȷ˱˴ܣˣһֱ֣϶û档
ҫһ±ܵ˻¯ϣҷ֪ôˡ
ˣôˣ峤Ѷ𣿡
֪˵ĶʵǬҲû취ֻҡҡͷ᳾
һֱûء
ҡҡͷЦ
ûӦ£ڱչأλ峤ȻӴʱ䲻Ӧòӡ
˵ͷǬ˵ٵһλϼҴ˹
ˡ
ôˣ
ϳߣǬü
Ǽеʮĳϣԭ
óϣڱ˼壬˻ţȻ˴¡
峤ˣ
ԭæ
ˣģ
Ǭһ㶣æվ೤Ҳȫһϲˢˢ⿴ȥδӰ
ûߣǡżҵλȶ
ЦԭϽ͵
ȶ
ͬʱһ㶣ôû֪ͨʱǡ
Ŀģλż峤ԣôʲôϢûУͱˣ
峤ȥģû֪ͨǡ
ԭϽ͡
ǹȥ
峤ѾʼԣǬҲͲס
ԭæǰˣʱ䲻һԺ䡣
Ժܲ˴κݲȥһ磬м̨ϣӰվԽϢѻ۷塣
峤ĺżҵλż
峤û֪ͨǣ϶ǲ֪Ĺ۲죬ǧ¶Ϣ
һ࣬غ٣ԭ˴
˵ͷ
߶ˣǶԣ峤ǲ֪
ҲãˣҲڶˡ
峤ҲǼֿǡ

̨϶Ķ˶ˡ
һܵĿռʱӡ
˻
סĿռ䣬ϢȫֹͣǱ޷
Լ峤һ֣ʩչ⣬ȫɫǺ졣
Ҳֵ֪ǿû˿
˵˷ܻûȫţЦ𣬱Ӱǰһ㡣

ռٴλָһ̣ӰһΣ˲һǰһȭӭ˹
Ҳǡ⣿
ʩչֶΣǬһס¶˾֡
Ȼû򣬵ܹһõĺ峤һģһͬǷ⣡
żҵˣʩչҵķ⣿
⵽ô£
û˻شĻƺҲ֪Σѷͬһȭӭϡ
أ
ȭͷɫһףıֱȥײڷӡϣݷס
ôǿ
ȫ˵
Ϊι峤϶ܽλ仨ˮû뵽һжͳ˴
ಣ
Щļ˹ٴζ
ǰ֪Ĺһ㣬ѹƵĺ
̨ͣйâ˸
񱩵ˣӶײܵķӡʱ
ǿ
һɫס
֮УʵʥصģҪͶеκһս³Ųһоͻᱻܡ
λ峤ʩչӣ似ҲûôţÿһжȻһ֮֮С
տʼ֣⣬й¶
Ƕŵս
Ȼ˿ġ
û뵽ɳã֮ǰһֱΪֻͨ
Ƿûʦҵ似ʮϤ
ǰô£

ԽԽľû֮ǰ˷ܣеŨŨѹ֡


1657 
峤Ƕ֣
֪˶ãǬɬ
ǰλڸӣȻʮھѾˣ
᳾ͷ
䡭
߻䣬̨ϵǾɥ
ƺҲš
ֲý⣬ʵʵ󡭡ǰûʤϲãһϣƽΣ
ˣϣˡ
ҡͷˣҿռ⣬żңҸ⣡
֣ˣ
һɫʱ䡢ռⲢƣûǿ֣֮Ҳû˿֮⣬෴ʮ־أܹ֮ӮһаʽҪǡҵķ⣬ҶԴ˵⣬ʤ֣
ʲô˼
ɻ̧ͷ
ظղҲˣʩչĺʩչһͬΪռ⣡͡
⡭סƺŷӦü԰ôҵķ⣿
⣬Ȼ򣬵ʵ紫ʥҵõʥĴУܹʩչҲûʲô

ʥĲš
ǹʥµż
һǰһˮϢƮ죬һ۵ռ֮С
֮ᴥƬ̺ȫһ¶Ľ֮ɫʥֵ죡
ҲǻԵɺϲŵõģң֮Ժռ⣬˵ʲУǵõĴУ
һЦṬ̺˹ʥµܿ飬͸֣ŷңУӳã
ĳֵˮ𾪣æҡͷʹġ
ʥУ½˭Ҫ
־͸֮Ժ
һǬ೤ϣҲһ
ҵĴеȷʥܵõܿ飬˵ȷпٽ˷⣬ҲȻʵ
ֻǡгιģԷƽЩôص
һ˲䣬޵֮С
ȱæƴǣҰѻ˵꣡
˫ֱɫأΧĿռ䶯ʱ֣Ȼ֪
ţ
ĵͷ
ӰټҳսңĿĺԣߴûɹǣʦıأ϶׾ʹ˰֣϶ٴλң⼸Ĺ۲죬Ѿǿ˴½λ֮ʣҲǱ룡
üë½ѾΣʱˣһսȫ汬˵壬½࣬Ҫپ޴ĽѡʱǲӦöսӦѹأ룬ֻʹ߿죡
ĳĬ
壬ܹ½겻ƾľ໥ͬԵУϴ˻£òԣҲΪ֮£ǿǿȢҸġ
أкǰóȻӦС񲻱壬ڳŲˣˣȢߣҲģԲҡЩһ£ҾϯѰ硭ṬԼеܿ飬͵ǸҪƴǣ޵ˡ

ִ壬ȻˣҲͲ̬
ͣһ£Ľӹˮսָ
ǹ⡭
ҲǣʱǿȢС˷ˣ
棡
ֻ棬뵽壬ؽǿɱȣ
ˣٴγĬһɫ졣
һֱˣʵϲδΪԷһ£Ҫı壬ȢСܸҸ
δذɣ
лˣ
ס
һ⣬һȥضæͣɫأĳƬ̣ĳ־ҧ֣ʵ󣡡
뽲
һ£ܹزƴǣ
һδˣ뿪пѻȻҳΪ峤ʱ䲻Ҳ壬˳䡭
ɫȻ
ѻҪȥĳżǡҪȥĳæģкһһ£æȭ
ֵĺ⣬ˣҵ˽£˲֣ѱ˱֮־ҲĸԸ
ҡҡͷɫأٴοҪֵĲǴ£
ɻ
һһһƳǰڿУҵļ
ϣ֣ܹҵļҲˣ
һ֣⡭ʹã


1658 ֮
Ǽ峤𣿡
ԲС
ǬҲȫһ
ȻΪػеԭ֮ǰ˻飬ȴҲԽ
˿ռ⣬ұҶҪ죬ؼǵõʥĴУʥϿ㣬ҲҪ׿Ż֮𣡡
ĵ
ɡ֡
֣֪Ϣ٣ӦøոռνҼɣĿ
⡭ǣͷһһƳڿУǽҼ
Ҽ
ôһˣ
Ǭȫɴ۾š
ǰ£̫ˣѾ
⣬ܹΪȻҲػңѽҪ壬õܺ޽٣õİ취
ıȭֲҪƴǣο˵ڽڿΣͻƣżڿΣҲ˽ܳΪҼϣܹԴԽԽǿ
˵
ˣ쳣ҲһٴγĬ
λȻн٣ڿȷŽ񣬿ҲֻеĿʦ֮⡣
˵ļѧһĵλʵͿԿ
ʦΪ˱ضͻͽܿ졣
Ҫʹ˾ܾ±šҳ˦Զ׷Ͼˡ
ִӦҲ޷˵뿪޺֮ǣһҼ˳̬ȳϿҡ
⡭Ҳգҿȴţܹ̳УԻὫڣ
ͣһ£ٲƴǣӹơ
лˡȻˣǣ

Щٲɣһݣֱշȥգ۹ʧǰ
Ҳ̰Ȩƣֻһ𣬲ܿӰټң塭ջᱻ壬ʧʷӣ
뿪̾ϢһҡҡͷһӵһתҲʧԭأδֹһ㡣
ȫ뿪Ǭ˴ش˳
峤
ˢˢ
˵ĶԣңδֻλǬɫӡ
ֻǸʥضѡ
һλϲ
ȷֻʥأʦʦʦ֣ʥӵĵսʦսӵʦԭԬҡʦᡭհټżҺͽҵĻ½۷һƿСҴλᣬҪ˥䣬޻תĿܣ
Ǭ
һȷʲôʵ̫ˣڵѧҲһƿһ
ʦöδĺ
峤ȷõİ취
˼ǡ峤
λɬ
ʲô¡
ܹûɣ϶Է
ԽԽ
һΪ˼壬Ϊˣ֪뷨Ǭοһ䣬ŵЩȥɣӦѾڵˡ
˲ٳɣҴһصסȻڷɫɥ
λ
ĳһ£ڡ
峤˵ˣΪ峤ͳ壬ȷõѡǲܾǬȭ
ȻѾ֪ҾͲ˵ˡżڣúôаɣ
Ѿ֪Щ£Ĳٶ˵վ뿪ԶԺҪʦұøǿ󣡡
˵Ҳ˻شһݣʧǰӰ١
뿪Ȼʧ֪˵Щʲô

ӻ𣿡
żһνʥڷתü
ĸ峤ղѾˣȥһλϵ
СӣҵιҪҲסܡ
νʥһ
ҵˣû֮ǰֵôԹңΪˣȻһֱڼҡҲˡ
һ飬϶ҲĿģϾԴϣпȡ
˽ʥҡҡͷһҲӦõģȻ˫Σ
ûʲôܲһֱɣҪ˵ʲôأߣһȢ˶ãҲûô鷳ˡ
һνʥ˵ͼһλϼҴ߽
ϼĸ
һţϾһ񣺡ҵˡ
ͬʱһ㶣˽ʥæôģ
ǿԴľ棬Ǻλıȶôû˵ҪȣѾˣ
ҵˡ
λһŹ֣峤Ϊ
Ϊ
һۣˡνʥͬʱˡ


1659 ȥʦܲ
ڶӲݣû򣬾峤ˣҵӶôпӰɣ
Ȼôɳô޴£
Ҳ֪ң˵
λֹƺ֪Ϣ׼ȷ׼ȷ
ʲô˽ʥü
˵峤ܵȥˣȻ󡭡ҽ˼λ䣬ȷΪ峤
˽ʥ
νʥ
˭ܸңô
ҡңһżҵˣΪ
ôҵҲпˣ
ҲܴȾ
ͬʱңĲϢ顣
ʵңż˶ˡ
Ϣݿһһı顣
峤̫ţˣ
һ峤ʷû˵¡
żҷ£ҽӵϢȫɵˡ
ռ࣬ͨˤڵأֱģˡ
˭ܸҡô
ǲȥ
С

ڽˡ
ȥ˵뷨صס˿
ҵ²úýʼһ̣û취ֻýһһͣųǬ˿һĻ
ȻЩֻҪҽ٣ĸԸԼ峤õһжֵˡ
γȥһһҹʱȻȴõ˼ô
⣬׻ɹǽͷʥʬջһ֮ᡭǵ峤
ջ
пգһٽ׻꣬ƵԲ
һԺܵ󷨣̽Ϣٴν׻˳
׻꾭٣ɹͻƣ۷廹һξ롣
пգպһɹȻԽԽԶԽԽ
ϾǱ
챻һѹȣûϵġ
ȡ׼ܼı׻겻ͣɡ
ʱ
׻Ӳӣ紿죬ҫҫԡ
ڴԲˡ
۾Ź⡣
ʱĿޣһٽ׻Բ
׻ԲѪ۷ĸ֣ӦöսʤǹĻԲǿߣླڣҲһս
ܵɢ΢΢һЦ
׻꣬ȻֻǸԲʥ١ټ٣սͼ񲻻۷嶼£
ټǹ˽ʥ֮սδܹʤ
ʵԱ
֮Ȼǿ󣬵ں˵ͣһԱˣʥʬ壬Ҳǿ󣬿ɡǣ׻ˣȲѣó
ҪȫҪʵ
ʲôû취ıġ

ս׻ջһ洫
ӡ߳䣬漴վڴһ㶡
ͻˣ
һûϵϢø䣬һۿжԵĲࡣ
ǰɣ
ͷ
׻ͻƣͻƣóϸ˵Ҳû͡
ͻãҸպȥһʦܲԴȥѰҿʦµƷͻƷؿ
ȥʦܲ
һ㶡
ţͻƴʥƷУҿۻ룬ʱѹƲסҲýˣһֱʣҲӦԡҲܡЩ
ͣһ£ص
ţǰҲͻˣ
ͷ
̥ʵ̫Nɪˣ뾡ͻƣոɾ
Ȼһ첻˳۶ӣ˶Ҫ군
ȻҪǣһҵʦͻƷɹʥսȻٴαʱ׻ÿʦ֮ѪҲʥ֮޵У
Ҫλ׾꣬ҲԽ˳ץס̽Ѱŵ˵ˡ
ӰټҵˣΪҪץŵˣΪκ˻һ㲻ȷĿǰ˵ŵӦûΣա
ȻԭԬʹѶϢˡ
ΪһƿߣлƣֻҪƲ˾û̫Σա
Ǿͳɡ
ЦЦ
ãҲɣͷǿһһǰһֱȥ
ˣأأ
뿪żҵķΧͻȻ뵽Ǹͯӣ̲סʵ
һżңôڲˡ
ˣȥʦܲȥѰҶֲսڲڶ޷
΢΢һЦ
Ҳǣ˵ͷٶʣлڽҿĵͼҵʦܲڵķһǹ˳
ƣ
һ㣬һͨǰ˽ȥ
ؽϡ
һ̣˾Ϳһ޴繬ĽȺǰ
ʦܲˣ


1660 ʦܲ
ʦܲݻһЩ۹ĻʹԶԶ磬֮ҫ£ƵϢӿеׯ£˴˿ӡ

ص𣺡ʦѹ½꣬£ǻۣµӿˣͻƾ磬°빦
ţ
˵ͷҲȥʶԷΪκһܹǼǰȥ
ʦǰǸĹ㳡һߴʯϰ׸ߣƶˡ
ǡʦӢۼ
ׯϡ
ûȴ鼮֪ʦǰĹ㳡ϣһʦӢۼ¼ЩΪɶӢۡ
ǰûκװΣֻһЩɢĻͲͣȼյĳ㡣
ļ֣ûǰ͸һŨصѹȸУ꣬ǴʥǿߣҪȻͷҷ
ǿʦױµּصںԿУӢۣҲ̧ͷǰʯɫӣ˲ˣ
ǰ
ͷ
Ȼǿʦּú̵Էӳǿʵ˿ûⷽ˼
ʯ
Ԩȫ֮
ֻûע⣬ûбʲô𣬵Щ֣һ㣬˵Ŀͷܶ鲻¡
ûǣûڰݵɴս֮С
˵ͷǵȷӢۣ
пƬ̣߽ʦܲĴš
ʦãְҵͬȻûҲû˿ء
½ǿڣǲˣ˭ﵷң˵㲻Ҳҹ
֣΢΢һЦ
ְҵʦ÷ֲǵ˹ңʦܲ˭ң
ȻˣҲûҪ˷˿ˡ
Ҳǣ
Ȼ
ڣŰУһʶ֮У˵Ĳ±룬ħ
֪ʶͨǻۣħ
λʦܲϤʦҿ԰æͨ
һ˹
ǰĻ¿һۣ̲סһ
ֻжʮģȻһλʦ
ʦڴͷԱһãǰ붼룬ʦܲ
һԶʦ
ιǵңλΪס
ʦ
һ㶣̲סЩ𾪣ϲδֳԴɻʵ֪γƺŶᣬֻǸõͨ
ͷ

ʮֳȵ֣꣬һżƺǲš
Ĵܲ˶ˣһһֵĿ

Ϊͷۣû뵽Ҳͨ
ֹͨҿһ㰡û˧
ͬ㣬Ϲˡ

۵
û뵽ԼʦܲôƤ˳飬Ҳ˵ȭˣ
ŶŶ룡
ŷӦ꼱Ҵǰ·߱߾ᡭ˵ʮײУòΪҵҪһٰɡ
Ҳǣ϶Ƕ֡
ҪңӦأǰڸÿƼŰ᣿
þᰡ
ʲôƣʧϣԵú˧
ؼǡˣԺ󴫳ȥġ˵仨ͷİֱӼ޸ˡ
и档
֪ǰһ뷨϶һȽ߷ˡ
Ǹƽơ԰͵˺òáôڱУˣȡˣ
󣬲һһ
棬λԼȥɣҾͲȥˡ
λδ֣ʧ䣬
Ҫͨ𣿡
һ㶡
ʦż峤ʥӵҪֱͨӹȥ
һЦ
Էݣʦ˿ȻҪͨô鷳ˡ
лˣ
ٶ˵˽ȥ
һȥ̷˲Ծ治ԶڣвϤף֮ǰڵ۹ʦȻвٲʶǿߡ
ͬʱתͷȫһ㶡
ʦãպô㡭
ȷӦʦ΢΢һЦͬʱʱ䡢ռ䡢⣬ʵﵽʥ۷壬ȻûﵽʦӲԱ׼ѾʸˣҶڣ磬ͽʦˣҲܸõļǣ壬½
˾ʦһ㶣û뵽Էһ˵һ㶣һû׼ãûˢ̫ðɣ


1661 ʦ
ƴǣʲôû׼
ҵʦµͻ֮ʥģû뵽żʦ˵Ҫˡ
˭ᷢ¡
츳ְҵҲרŵǵʱ򶼴ﵽʥӼ𣬿϶û⣬ֻǰ죬Ƴټͨˣ
ʦЦЦ
ǰλڿΣΪ޿ޣΪʦǱȻ룬ڰˣ
⡭Ҳã֪οˣ
ȻԷ˵Ҳûʲôɾģͣһ£˹
ʦ϶Ҫ˵ġ
ȻԷô飬ղײգǾ㿼һ£
ֻǡôã˾ʦôϷأ
ľǿˣҪȷµĽۣ취֤ʵЧܽӱ֣ŵˣ˵㲻ҪˣҲȫϸ񣡡
ʦ͡
ʦڿΣҪԼĽȻ֪ǰλʲôܡ̳ôѧֶҲףضء
Ȼľ̶ȴﵽ27λʦƼ㣬Ψһľʵ
ʦѹ͵񲻻ڣʦһȭ
ʦ
ã
һλʦ˹ȫһ󻩻죬ΪѾѹ͵񲻻ڡ
ʵͲ񲻻ڵӣ˿ѹΪûʲôѣ΢΢һЦ˹ʦСģȻǿˣҲ飡
ã
Է׼ãΣһȭȥ
ʦҲһһȭ֡
أಣ
ʦټ
⡭
ڵʦȫüëһ
ʥأ
ôоǣⲻס
ʦǶ֣ȻΪûͻƴʥʵ㹻ˡʦȥ׼ʦ°ɣӽ쿪ʼʦǾʦˡ
ʦЦŵͷ
ˣ

ҪҪô죿
Ҫ֪ʦܲʶǰλΪɵ˲гܲ
ֻƭӡ
ܹӣ㴸˸ˣͳɾʦˡ
òƣһǣҲûôס
Ժ󣬿һʦˣԿǹ˸ǡ
ȻΪʦʸμλˡ
ʦɫԴء
Ҫᣬ΢΢˵ͷҳȥ㡭
˵꣬˳䡣
ʲô飿ôż
Ů뿪ҲɻĿǰԶ
ȻҲˣԷΪܹμӻ飬ͨ˿죬һֶϷĸо
ˡȫ汬ˣ
ɫأԶû˸ղŵľֹüͷ
ȫ汬
һ£ͼһλľʦǽߣָһŵͼ
ʦ½巶Χ飬Ǻ㡣
½һ108͵ĵؿ߳ڣڣͬʱ˶˳սʦúʦãѾЩزסˡ
λʦ
108ؿ߳ڣһ㶣漴Ȼ
֮ǰȻ֪ؿ߳ڱض٣û뵽ôࡣ
Ҫͬʱӿʦ£ҲȷԿ⡣
£Ҳ̲סʵ
Ҳ̫ǰֵ£˲֪ʲô̼ģĳؿսʦʦڣٷӡѾٻˡܶʦˣ
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ֹģսǰ𣿡
̲סʵ
ǰҲйͬʱôģսδֹʦҡҡͷʦãоµǿߣɳȥˣֻɱˮнû̫ãֲסʮڣӡȻˣȫɱ½
ʮ죿
ȭͷһ
û뵽ʱ˽ȡ
ôˣͻȻ裿
ѵ
Ҳ̲סüëһǲǿ˱ʣϾҪˣ
ɣʵ벻ʲô˷ڣ˲
ΧĿռԽԽʱῪﵽǼʦ󲿷ֶҪǰأûǿߵóѣԣʵɲѹ108ؿߵڡԣ飬ɷżҡҡңԭЩһʵһͬ˹ȥͬѹ
ʦĿΣΪ塭
⡭
һ㶣ףΪ˾ʦ˶Ϸˡ
˾ʦʦõһԱ½ʱ֣֮ҲвжΣ
ȻԷ֪֮ݣҪǿн֮ս
Ͼ塢ԭȻһɣ½ĳǿˡ
ʦãҲС
Ȼڵ۹ˣҲ˳ˡ
Ϊ壬Ȼ岻ݴǣû˼̫ãɫأһ˲˵ͷ


1662 ʦ
ΰʱҲЩ˽տʼʦĿģҲΪ࣬ΪݣԿ鼮Ӱ־
Ҫǿкã
Ѿ֮ǰĹ¼ҹˣмˣѧһ󲨣Ҫػˡ
֮ǰŬҳݣҲΪˡ
Ȼʱ֣Ȼƴǡ
ܴӦֱ̫ˡ
ͬ⣬Զȫһ㶣漴ϲ
ţȰ裬û뵽ôɾʹӦˡ
ھ壬ʦõǲ
΢΢һЦ
Ӧû˿ίߣԶҲٶ˵һʦȫҴ뿪
峤ʦܲǡ
ӦʱܹѹסԶ˿ɻĿ
ǰλ꣬տʼֵʱ򣬲ðʦѧСڣȻΪԺȼ磬ԶĴˡ
̶һ²ʱ䣬½ƱãĶϣֻҪ䣬ʦδ֪
ι󡭡ȭȥһˡʦã
ʱغ˵ˣͻƴʥƷʦõĶ񻯣һ
ʦãǺΪ˼ʦѫµļݣµױּ·ȶƷ
Ϊʲô£ﵽʦҪвιۡ峤ȻҲʸʹȥΪʲô£ԶЦЦ
ʦ·һȥвιۣ֪ɷ񣿡
ͻƴʥĹضʮأιۣټͬҪҵѣֻܵж
⡭
üԶƬ̣ʦãͬ峤Ϊʦصؿߣѫ֮ҲԱ⡭ɣһʱ䣬Ҫ̫ã
л
۾һæȭ
ʦãӵµױʺƷмȥι۵ˣܹΪˣһʱģڡдһģδ˵
ԶܸԼȷǾˡ
ھ͹ȥ
õԷͬ⣬ʦõľλã߳ҵأһͬ˹ȥ
ʦãǿʦʧٺ״Ԩʥ˲ָ塢ԼùƷ֮࣬ҪΪú˸ܵλ֮ʦľΰ
еıǽͣҲû̫ȴܸһʾдࡣ
֮Уʦ˶սµѪ£Լ²̣µľţþò
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æȥȻԶһԲεʯ̨ʣʯ
ǡճģ
˳üë̲סһ
ʯ̨ĲʣҲͨʯǲ֪ΪΣȻһ壬һ־Ө͸֮Уһ覵
һͨʯͷֻգ
ؼǣ׻꾭֪ٵĿ£ܴʯͷϣҵ

ص˵ͷ
ȷҲʣ֮ҫʯͷתһȦ漴üͷ
գʯѾˣʦͻƵʥأ٣ȴһͷˮûκ˿
йʦôʦʯͷҲ˷˰ɡ
ɻĿŮ
ʦһƣۣ֮ܲɡʥӵҲнӽʮλǿӵС
Ȼôǿ߶ֲˣкη֣
ͻʥʱʦµķʥ̨𣿡زͣתͷʵ
ˣ
һ£һһʯ̨ǰ
ṬˮǬ֮ǰͰⶫսָˣǣʦԸⱻ֪
÷ʥе߶ʯ̨
صͷ
Ȼ֪Է˼ǵ˵ͷһӿ
̣
ڷʥ̨ϣͷų߲ʵĹâɲǼ䣬벻Զչʯ̨໥ںϡ
Ƭ̹򣬲ֱ˴ˡ
⡭
ס
ʯ̨ܹںϣ֮ǰġ
ˣ
ѯʣô£ͻȻ䣬ϼ˸ʯ̨ϹâҫһõĺӰϷϥ˫۽ա
ǿʦͻƴʥʱµӰ࣬ͻƵķУ
Ҵ


1663 ʦ
Ӱࣿ
æȥȻӰһӿ壬ƺڽţĳѭ
ǿʦ
Ƥһ顣
ǰӰӣ߰˺ڣǿĵعϣ˵ģ̫ԣôǡʦ
ӰֻܳһΣΪʥɹģʧȥˣ
ЩЩΣ
һ
ֻܳһΣ϶ҪúÿˣȻҪʲô޶
ȱݣ
еͺ

ͼݻζһ£δ鼮
üëһ
ؼʱֵˡ
ȻҲΪʦͬΪʣµӰ࣬ͼҲ޷¼
ܼǶټǶٰɣ
ͼ޷¼ٲ룬ǰӰ˹ȥ
ʯ̨Ϸͣ壬˵ϢԽԽǿ
ķʽЩ֡
һᣬüë
ȫѨͬʱܹ˾գܸõΪԽԽǿ
ǰӰԲǣڵķʽͷ­죬֮Ȼֱۺ֫ңյҲͬ
ͷ­յﲪƺ̺ԣǻԣֱ۴ľԣһ˶֮СֻҪ֫ű֮紿ʿ
ļ
ɻؽ͡
ļ
ļʦͻƴʥȻǳ˵ûʶػԶѭϵʡͺ񣬶ʦⶾҺԭʱˣȻѭܹͬʲôۼ޷£
ص
⡭ͺñȣ񲻻ƻϸ
Ȼ
˿ҩ֮ʹﵽ񲻻ǿ޲ϸǣȻͬԣطƻأ׺ɣ꣬ǧ꣬ȥһɾʲôۼ¡
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ѹ֣һͻƾ٣ַͻƣǽ壬ķû˿ȱݣȻҪ⵽صļʡ
ΪļΪ巽Ϊ죬Ϊأ컯Ϊ꣬Ϊǡ
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ͻƣͻȻһ
ʦˣ壬Լļֺ壬ͻƵķԲοȴհᣬϾǿʦͬʽҲȫһҪͶԷһͻƵĻŪû߻ħ
ͼݣһֱȷķҪ˵⣬û˱ȵϡ
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˭ܱ˽ĸ
߾ĹĹʥ򾳵Ĺ
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Ҫġ
һʶ͵˹ȥһ½һµء
¡
ʥ۷ƿʵɱ䣬˵ϢҲ̿ӿ
ͻˣĴʥ𡭡
ܵһµԾǨȻ
֮ǰزͻƣ򣬷Ҫȴ˿˲֪ٱ

߸ոеȻ㸲޴ӣʦڡ
ʲô£
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ˣǿʦá

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磬ͻƣѡﲻã
ǿʦãҪƻں½ʦԣ֮󣬸޷ϴѡ
ȥȰ衭
Ƥ鴤ԶҪˡ
֪Ͳȥˡ
ȥʦãܵϴ񣬳ΪһλΪĸĳǿһﵽãȥ֮١
٣ŪʥӵԭĽһ
ںˣʦ㣬ؼǿʦá
Ҷ㹻˰ɣôҡģ
вͣáҲ̲סһΣ棬ȥ͸еһɾ޴ѹȶ䵲棬ȥ
ô£
æľʦ
ʦñӡˣ˵ǽȥʶ޷̽顭
һλʦæ͡
ʦʶ޷̽顭⵽ʲô
Զһˡ


1664 ̥ϣ
ʦܲû뿪ľʦﵽ˼񲻻ڣǿģ˽ʥ˶̫ࡣ
ʵ˵ȥʶû취̽飬浽׷ʲô
磬ڣǷҪŪòݰ
¡
ƣͼյƣѾѻһŻ棬вͣգʱή䡣
ǡ٣
ôǺɫĻ棿
ղŲǲʥ۷ôôǿ٣
Ҳ֪ܡŰɣ

Ƶģٴˡ
һΪտ˾ʦʱʥ۷塭ͻƣҲǼ񲻻ˡ̶ʮڣ٣һôǿ󡭡
ǰѿʦıȫչˣô£
١١
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ɫǺܶʦδţҲǳʱеõһЩģѶϢ
𣬳ʺɫﲻ٣أµ٣ʷֻпʦһ˾ǰ񲻱ʾͿʦӵͬľ
ѲɣʦʲôûֵĻԵһõˣ
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ȷϢǧй¶ȥ
üëһԶתͷԸ
λܲܶɹʦܲ˵Ǻ¡
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Ҳ׹ٶ˵һæ֣ܲøָ󷨡

֪Ļţ˿̵ʶ֮Уϸı仯
尴Ȼ̬Ȼͨ裬ǿ
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ͻƣھλãȻɱ䣬֮ǰΪŹЩӽˡ
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һǹҪǿ󣬿һӵ˳Խʥʵ
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˾ӺθߣˣһӵвڻʵԶࡣ
ﵽʥ𣬾ɱ䣬˵ԼʣΣҲ˸ı䡣
ʱԼº󱲣ûдеѪ˿϶ҲԶͨߡ
һЩʥŷʵֻǴʥĲླδͻƹʥ硣
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Ҳ˵ʶһԲʮ˺۾
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֮ǰӾ罭һһγһһۿͷĺ
ȶɽ٣
ЩѶϢʶһɨͽԺ֪˿̲ϸоʱһ͵̧ͷա

ͬһʱ̣һźɫ
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գ۹򣬾ҵʹ˹裬һѣΡ
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ΪѾ˾飬ζû뵽֮ǰľ飬ǰûκô
ѵ֮ǰ٣ǡʥ٣ͬһ͵ģ
֮ǰ׻꾭ľҲȴͻƵֵ٣ڣȴʥͻƵʥ١
ֽѣֻпʦһ˳ܹ֮ǰĲͬ
ͬ鲻ֻͬǡ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ﵽ۷׻꣬ȻЩܲסʱιȥ
Ҫ׻꣬ûǰγܣ
һڣѾ˰ɣ
˼ˡĿʦûͼݣοȥģ
ɻ


1665 ̥£
֪ʱɻʱǿסеѣΣǰʯ̨ȥ
ʱĺӰƺͬľв£һŻ棬յͬף̼ϢҲû֮ǰôǿңʱ
Ϣͳɲ֮ʱһϸ΢ӶԷڣһӣʼѿܿɱɲ
ԽԽǿԽԽʢȻӰڶȴһ֣ʱ˺ƿռ䣬Ծȥĸо
ǡƶƶ
һ
ɨҶһ죬ﷱٵľͻᱻûձú˴죬︴գ»ع飬֮ǰĶٴλµ
ǴȻĹɡ
ȻǰĺӰַʽ
𣬶ԿԽͣյԽ෴¶Ҳ½ڵ»Ĵ£ټȥҲܹӦˡ
Ȼ
𣬺׽һΪԽǿ۵Խۻ룬Խ󣬶۵Խ߷ԽС
֮Ӳ򣬾ﵽ˽׻꣬ҲܲסԣȻˡȽʾǿ
٣𣡡
ЩڵֿڵĻ棬һ˲ǶϾ˺һ㣬壬˺ѩ֮£𣬿һɫֲ
̣
Ȼȫ֮£û˶֣¶ȼٽ
ͣ赲棬ֻúԽԽͣӴʱƣʧȥ˶ȻϨʧ
ֵţǸͨˣʹᣬȻԳˡ
ɢϸգһ˳ɫ
֪Щеʣ㲻ͣһҲɾ
ͺϴ裬ϴܴ๸
ʣˣʯŷֳƷƷƷƷȼ
ƷʯҲǰٷ֮پˣʿ֪
ǽЩճɻҽй߸ǿ
ٵĽͣͻһųɫĹâǽ
ͷŵԽԽ࣬ϵĽԽԽʢ
֮ǰֻ걻գ˽ɫת䡣
һã巢ˡĽ죬һû
¶ˡ
֮ǰʹУѾʧ֪ʱĻ棬вûôˣϢʼӡ
һ˲䣬︴գѩڻڵ˲䲪
¡¡
ƺܵñϷˣˣǱŭһִĻ棬ٴν
Ҫľһӿڡ
֨֨֨֨
֮ǰܲ˵𣬴˿εѾûôʹԽˡ
ɢҫۡ
û£ڵϵĵذ壬£ڣ֮ɫ
֮ǰǸһģһ
ô̥ˣ
һᣬоȫӦ˿Ŀһ
ʱ̬ˡ
֮ǰԲڣλأ
һĿһ͵ճȥơ
ȻҪ̥Ǿ·ӣƾ̫Щ
ϴȻ׻ƣȴĲһˡ
ξˡ

һ룬̸ܵڻ𣬷ӵϮ˹û
ҲܣȫѨͬʱ򿪣ʼա
ɫ뾭Ŀ£̥ķӿ˹ȥ
֨֨֨
̥һţû뵽ô𣬶ͣŵһУתӡ
ӵõ𣿡
һĥãԸ̥ûԶͿǰľҲһŻӵ
գ۹ߵ·ߣ
֪һܵÿ죬ǰ׼˿ȫȫ˶˺ɫúٽһղɾͿһͷײˡ
֨֨֨֨
Χ£̥ҲѲˣܿΧм䣬ȵĻУһԵĲҺ̶ԽԽСֱʧ
ˡ
̲ס˿
ꡢ˵ľﵽ۷壬һٽƻҲȻѲ
ֱ̥ʣӦûûͣЪջ棬˽ӽʮӣյƣ˺üͣ
ƿ棬̲סӣֻһۣͫ鲻Խ
⡭ʲô
ԭء


1666 
ֻ֮ǰ̥ڵĵطһĶѾټȡ֮һڵ塣
ⶫֻһһָ̣ھһ
գ
ӿȥһᣬɫ壬û˿仯ﲻٵ𣬶û˿Ч
⵽ʲô
ӣҪƳ⣬ȴ֣һѿһһ
ѵǵʱʦ˵ڶڵĶ
һüë
еĿʦ˵̥ܺýڶڵĶô
̥ˣȴڵ᲻˵
ʦ˵鷳ⶫ²򵥡
ڵľ̫СȥһҲ֮ǰ̥һͼ޷̽顭
Ƭ̺ü
ղ֮ۡͼݶʹˣͬûⶫʲô
ˣӦú̥ͬʱ޺´ټʦѯʰɡ
оһᣬⶫûжԣӦò˺˿ᡣ
ʲô˵̥ʧѾͷ󻼣˶˲١

˿̣еƣҲɢƣʱɢ
˿̵𣬶Ѿûвˡ
ղ͵ʱ򣬶ܽô˿̿ҪɢȻܵˡ
ﲻ٣˷ˡȻ´Σ֪£
һһһҵԲ̨ǰ
Ԫʯ
ȽʥżǹΪûкʵĻڻһֱûôã˿̣ջʣ𣬸պöû̫ˣûⶫڻ½Դһ
һˣΪ̫죬ôԽԽ٣ҲãȻĻᣬȻҪһѡ

ԪʯһӴųƵػڻʼ𽥱ʮͻҺ塣
Դ
ٴһ

Դͻأ֣Ÿһ˷ܵػˣôˣǲ۸㣬ҷַӽú
û͸ܵ˲ԾŵˣʲôôôȣǿҲ˳ۣҪڻ𣿲Ҫɱңҿů

һͷߣ죬ʵٸҷϻ
ǡ
үҪʵԴ˿˵Щʲô͸еܵȣ¯ҲʼŤڻ
һղڻĽԪʯ˹ʼ¯ںһ
ԡԪʯ̫߼ˣ֮ǰѧַûǣں϶٣󣿡
ͻȻһ㶡
⣬ֻﵽ۷壬ʦû˾ʦݡ
ֿʯȣһģԽȷԽ
ԪʯδӴⶫҲʵټֻ˵֣ôȣβƵĸãһϲͨ
ʧˡ
Ƥһ飬ЩΡ
ŪãöŵĶ࣬ƷʣҲδػߡ
ղֻţҪˣ뾡û뵽㣬ڶһ룬ԴͽԪʯʼںϣȥǣ᲻̫Ϸˣ
ˣԪʯǺö϶ԽԽãԴ֮ǰĲ̫ˣܹں滻϶ܼ
һ£漴֮Ժ
Ǻöں϶٣Ǿں϶ٰɣ
̣
ڻĶʼںϣںֱ׵Բ̨Դû֮ǰģһ硣

ʱƵ˼ޣܵ𡰺һʼϨ
ˣʧ̫ˣû
һ顣
ںϣûüˣǰԴģδ̫˰ɣ
һ̶һӣҴǰûȥ

֮

ʦ⡣
Զ˿ƣһǡ
٣ĽԿ⣬ңҪܡʦŸͻƣܳɹ𣿡
֪ǿԿ׽𣿻٣Ҳа취ɣ
׽ٺٲͬţǿˣ
һᣬǰһƣ˷ǵû÷ģӵˡ
ܿ⣬֮Уôȣεֿ
Ըû°ɡ
Уƻζ˼£ʼɢ
Ҫɢˡ
ôɢӦò¡
ˢˢտȥҪλһĳţǿУܻܲ漴ͿһӰŴӣͣû

ɣö

Χѻȸ


1667 
٣ǿһڴˡ
ʦܲܶʦǰỨʮ꣬ϰ׼Ÿӭա
һﵹãʥվˣһ𡭡
ڴҶΪֵסᱻʱȴ֣˼ƨûв˵
꣡
һȺʦ˲һ㿴ңҿ㡭֪Ǻá
һﱻճɻҽҲǿɹˣɡδȥˡ
̫˰ɣ
׽ٹԼʵǿģڸ
磬ҿģ
˼ͷ㣬𡭡
ĵշɹͼеתͷкҺûãҪ𡭡
Һ
Ƥһ飬Զ޷ֻܾõУ
ָһ㣬һƿֱ˹ȥ
лˣ
ֽӹӿ͵һƿӡ

һҺ̷ӵųǰĽԴ
̣
ڣ̳
֮УʯıںʮҪʹȣǲһЩ
ҺǴֻҪǾʦ׼һЩڳôʦӦҲУһ֮£Ȼõˡ
ǡƵı
ܿ죬̳ʧ˿ʦԶæȥȫһ飬ûιȥ
ΪƵıȻǷҲǴʥ˭ܸңһ磬ôʲô
ģ¯¯שͷתͷ㲻㡭û˰죬ַ˸ɶ
֮ǰӦáǸɣ
һλʦЩȷĵ
̫ڿһЬӣһλʦ°ͣһ䣺ţͰשƵЬӡ

ҽԴȻˣлˡ
ܿϣһ˷ܵ漴Щɻ󣺡ˣôˣôоԴ÷·ЩΡҵأ
ȣҾòÿһ£졣
޵ˣǡ¯أԴ˰죬ûҵҲ̲ס
Ҿ̫ˣýԪʯˡĲ
ô
ʲôʲô㲻ƨɴ𣿸պ÷Ľص㣬ƨˣ棺Ҿڱǰ˧ˡ
˧𣿹Ҿ֪ҽԴ˧Ժ󣬿϶ܹĸһЦԴʮ㡣
Զ
ʦ
һһͣǲǶʲô⣿
ԶԶȥͰשһģһ˺òá
¯ǵһμ
ˣŵ뷨ľͺã
·˵𾪺ƣǰĽԴ
ȻŪ̫ĽԪʯͬһ磬ȴСġ
Ȼﵽ˴ʥļ
ʮֺˣ㲻ླǿߣһƨϣ¶Ҫࡣ
Լȥȡƿء
ʮ㣬Դս۵ռ䣬ӣı仯
ĴΪͻ˴ʥڵȫϸʶɾɢһ㣬Ũ
ǡ񲻻Բ磿
۾Ź⡣
£Ҫ֪ܽļ񲻻磬ȻֱӴﵽ˴Բ
ˣѾתƣӣֻҪ΢̣ٴ٣Ľ
񲻻Բ׻ԲϽԴǹླڣ۷壬Ҳһս
ȭͷ
ΪﵽʥÿһС֮䣬ǵһԽ
̶һʱڣ׻ԲͨʦƷͻƷҲﵽ˼񲻻۷壬ӿ˿̵㲻νʥ֣Ҳδܹˡ
˵ʵ̫ˣ
֮ǰȼտʦ֮ѪЩˣֻߣڣȻһս֮
ոսҪƿһʱ䣬ܷӳǿ
ǷνģϣЩ覴ãԲҪֻҪʱ䣬Ӧ˳ϣӳǿս
Դŷ
Ȼڿ٣漸һչˣܵĽδ⵽˺
£ҲӴ˳
л
Զǰ˱ȭм˵һ䣬ҪͬҲͻȻеһζгһ̫âҫۣķƺ½ڡ
̫֮Уһ޴بУ绪칬
ˡ
Զͫһ


1668 ʷ
ǿ
һ㶣æȥͼ̫Ŀռ֮У֪ԶֺʷӣҪȥž룬ʱ⡣
еĽϵӰۣ֮
ʷأʦǿߣڳ²֮أ޷ӳƾԼʱ򣬴䣬֮ʱһΪһΪｻ棬֡ʱâĵط죬ճĺӣڳ̣գ۹ʮˡ̬ӵˣһӤ¡
ϼصݣԶ
䱻ʱ廹ûдʤȻⲿ䵱ʱҲû˵еôֲʦ֮һӳ֣ĥϣ£˶η֮绢
䣬һѲɣʦʱĺżһʱ⣿
һ£̲ס
֮ǰ˵ֻ֪Ĳϸʦ˵ʱЩơ
ţӦʱ⣬ʦģǼ٣ܻм٣Լֹͣ
Զ
ٺֹͣһ
ռΪ⣬ֻеһ֣ʱҲһżļ٣ʱĿ죬һӵʱ䣬ʮӣˣ˵Ķˡ
֮⣬ʱ٣Լʱֹͣ
ʱ٣һ˵ûʲôãڹʥ˵ô̫ˣ˯һΧʱٶȼܴӳΪ壬սΡ
ʱֹͣʱ䷨Уģȿռӿ¡
ʩչһ޷˼άʶ֪ǰʲô¡ʱֹͣ˼ά޷תҪɱˣĻᶼûС
ʦЩжǿ
˾Ҳⲻסɣ
ǰֻǺ²⣬Կ϶ǡʦһʱ⣬˴֮УܹõȻܹõĴУӶʵٴҲܽ
Զ
ʦʱʦòŸճΣûֺ룬޷׽ˣֻܽ𣬶ڡʵдĻ䳹׻ܣͻ׺ܶࡣ
ǰ
𺳡
֮ʦµһˣʦȻžޡ
ʦܲоʦȥصؿߵˣʣʦ̶ǰӦò˶þͻ᳹׿Խˣ
ԶתԸһ
ǣ
ʦͬʱͷһɫء
ʦ˿϶ưոݣʦܲһ𣬻ǵж
Զ
ҡ
˵Ϳҡҡͷڣʦĳˣǰ
Ҳã
ƺͲ³־Զ˵ͷټɣ
˵꣬һУʦҴҷ˹ȥӦԼԿ˵ľϸˡ
ǻȥɣ
뿪Ҳкһ˱ֱȥգ۹뿪ʦõķΧ
ղص̬תͷ˹ȥ
˱Ȼַпܹʥ򡭡ʦܲһ𣬾ȫģΪξܾ
ʥܵƣ޷룬һ뿪ıȻЩǿߡ
ʦãֻЩʥľʦĵ̣֪ж
żңһλʥţʦã񲻸ࣿ
һ𣬱ȻӰȫ
Ͼ峤ȴҲʦõһԱһλǼʦ
֣׿Ӧûһʱ䣬ûҪһ½ǰǿżȥǵûкôֻ鷳
ص
һʱ䣿һ㶡
Ϊ֣ͿԴŴˣû뵽Ҫһʱ䣬ܿ
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һ£̲ס
ӵд֪ܽʵȻӰټҵǿߣҲܵҡżұˡ
ȥô˳ʲô
Ĵȷֻдܽ룬Χأ
΢΢һЦ
Χ
ͺϴȥṬһṬǸĸ壬ҪȥȽѣΧκ˶Խģصͷ
һ㶡
ṬΧ󷨣˲٣Ҫѽ빬
˵νĿҲֻһЩΧ֮Ķ
ʦһ򽲾н࣬µż֮⣬ܶطҲбͻԵЩûдƴЩȻҪǰˡ
ؽ͵


1669 ɽؿ
Ȼ
֮ǰΪνĿֻС䡷ͿʦĴУڿӦúżһӵԵ
ˣ̺ſʦˣҲУҲһǧ죬Ǵϵģ˵̺ʦֻҪͻơ
ſеĵڶ̫ɫأ֮½ߣǴ£ʱ࣬ˡʥޣᡭԣҪУջ񣬱׼äĿУ
Ȼ
ǿʥޣҲʮֲֿһʦþ赲Ҳȥ
ǣ̫ˣҪڶǰ;սֱͿ̿
ʱٳûֵĻ鷳ˡ
Ψһİ취ǣǰõ䡷ƿؿƿشơ
ȻдʦһöһһöĸҲöĿǰ֪ģʦܲżҡҸһöʣöģ
⣬塢ӰټңȻҲС
ҲܽУһΧܹģ֪٣ǰû׼ȷܱ
˵ӰټҵЩǿߣֱҪϣΪҲ϶ֲ˺ô
ʵӣǿߵĵز
Ȼżң׼
νѰҴ䣬֪Ĳ࣬żִ壬Ȼ׼á
Щû̫ɣƿռ䣬طȥ
ΪƿĿռȶʱ䲻ͿżҾ޴ĸۡǰ
صڣ˲Զʱо˲Ծ
żҶ˿̾޴ĸۡſȸӰ
ô£
òҵһλϣæʵ
ڼʥϵǿߣǰصؿߣ赲˵ĹƣϼĸҲѾ
峤λϼæش
ȥؿˣ
һ㶡
ʦãǴѶ׼֧Ԯʦãû뵽ټļ壬߿ˣˡνʥǰ
ȥĸؿߣҹȥ
ü
˿϶ŹᣬεĴģֵסõ˴кã
ⶫʵǶԿһ壬ҪǧǧʦʱҪǱͻƷΣ鷳ˡ
ҲѹʦżԼʲôû׼ʹ̵ƣֱͨʦĿˡ
򣬵һµĽҪѧӣ֤ʱ⡣
108ؿߣȻ궯̽飬󲿷ֶ𹥣طʦþѹһһʦܲĵؿߣŵؿߡؿߡƺؿԼżصɽؿߣصǳؿߣ
ʦܲǱߣܶʦ򣬲Ҫæŵؿߺƺؿߣ֣սӣΣλսʦսʦǰѹˣؿߣԭԬҡʥӵԼʦˣǰֵʥŷԼһЩǿĹؿߣֱֹʣšңͬѹɽǳؿߣ
ؿߵڣʥµķӡȻֵסֻҪżҳǵʦѾǰ
λϽ͵ҸڽӦһΣתʣµˣ𣡡
ɽؿߣѵ棿
üëһ
֪ʦãˣҪǣѹɢĵؿߣû뵽żҲǡ
ɽǽסżҵɽؿԴ¾벻Զ
ţھ·峤Ҫȥھʹȥ
λϼæͷ
ãҹȥ
Ӧһ
Ȳ˵û㿪ҲҪ
峤
λûԥǰ·ܿһڣͣ
żҵأ
ס
ǰؿ߾棡λϵͷ
ȱӢѹĬ
͵ԶʦѧԺĵؿЩƣȱһ˿Ӣصؿڣ޷Ʒӡ½
ȱӢ飬ɵӳ峤ؿ߾ǰһҪתˣͲȥˣ
λǰһָת뿪
һ˹ǼصżұȻ֣֮ǰתƣȫˣԺǺͶԷ
ţ
Է̧߽ǰżء
ʯ¼һ֣ÿһλǵʱ۷ϧûӹʱĥһg
츳˫ۻ룬ǧꡢҲЩһĹϹ֡
ûûʶʧʷӣֻʣӢ鳤档


1670 ؿ
ķȶͷ­ѪŻģûǣˡ
ƸУԽΪǰԭ磬һֵĮǣԶʦѧԺѧӣսȻǰ壬ؿʦ֮ʱͱݺݴˡ
żңտʼĸоãǰĹٴ¶İˡ
ǰżܹΪ½һ壬Ϊʵǿ̺񣬸ҪǣѹؿߣĥĹѫ
ûǣ岻ܷٷչﵽľ硣
¡
ǸдͻȻеһζһŨɷӵ·ӵ
ˣ
Ÿյ棬ĹѨɢӨĹâҹʯһ㣬ɷ֮һ壬ɢ
ɷܹķӡӦÿزסˣȥ
ǰȥؿߣ֪ԥкһҴǰȥƬ̺һ޴ʯǰ
żҿ档
֮һ
ˣ
âһضͬʱԭʧһѾһɷǺڰڡ
ǰһᣬһ޴ĳǳسǰ
ؿߣԱȺԶʦѧԺӾ޴󣬳ǳҲӻֺ룬ܸ󷨼Űת
У̿żӵܣһɫصվǰųɶ飬ʱս
峤
ĳϣæӭ
ô
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ֹ̫ۣ˴쵽ڣʮγˣ˫˶أΪͻƷӡ˸࣬ɡĳ¼ֲ˶ã
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ڲ֮ǰǵڣԷߣ޷ǰϵ
ӡߣˣżôǿߣôʧأ
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ˣ֮޷ģΪЩӡ
ʥµĿռӡޱȣԽ룬ȴ޷أֻҪڷӡ⣬нӳģնɱɡ
ӡԷߣ˻پͳ٣
⻹ô
򲻹
żʱ˱ܵģ
λϻûش𣬾һæתͷ漴˽ʥĸνʥ˹
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ʥµķӡѾױƣģسǳأд󣬿Լʧ
˽ʥͷ
׹ƣȭͷһ
ǰڣǲˣ˽ʥһ֣
ϳǽ
վڲt̨ǰȥ漴ɱ¾֮УˣУ
ȻվԭزδȴŨҵѹȸС
ܲ˸ָ񣬻ʱĹ£ӣԷҲ֪ǰĳǽѹδֱӳ
ӡƿԴԴϣǿ϶ڵȴԮһ۸࣬ؿ߾زסˣ
Էδ³Ŀģüͷһ塣
֪ЩżҺս֪꣬ǵʵ108ؿͬʱ˾ǿҲҪ˵Ļ϶ˣ
˽ʥЦЦ
塢˲졣
ҪǶԷӵͬʱôؿߵʵ϶ͳˣôһֱڹս֮أʹࣿ
׵˼ǡʵûôǿνĹֻӣɻ
ӵδأǲżһǵȴԮ϶η壬ȴؿֱ߳ʣǵȣҲҪȣһؿߴȫʤ߾ͰȫˡҪǡؿ߱ƣߣҲΣգ
˽ʥͷ
ǰ
Ĭ
䲻֪ؿڵͨô£öԷͻһͻپ޴Σ
ţؿߣ϶Ҳԣ᲻ǵɽ
ͻȻһͫ
ɽ˽ʥ⣬żҳҲɻ
ǽ磬֪ܲѾˣʱῪڸؿͬʱ⵽üʦǰѹǿڵԮ᲻ᣬǹǣʦã壬ûо
Լ뷨˵˳
˺彻ֶΣǿ϶Ҳ֪Ӳ彻սҲȻɱһǧ˰٣Ҫʦ½кã
˶ˣٺõĶҲûܰ
ʱ龡ҪҪõҲòЩͨʿɣ
ż᲻⣬ס½ʦĿ꣬ȴڿ


1671 ǰ
⡭
˽ʥĬ
һ˵ĺпܡ
˵˷ɢͬʱ108Թ˼ǿ϶Ҳɡ
缯бǿߣ䲻⣬ֱӹһĻڣܹɹ
Ļλ֮ʣ壬ѾвٸǱ˴½򡭡ʦá壬ֳѹҲһˣܿģ
˽ʥ
ʦãĻۣǿǣ϶֣һЩչص̫ϳϣĳϹ֡
Щˣ˿ʧʷˣûͲ֪ˣ
пܺЩ˯Ĺʥһһֱڵȴĳʱ
Ŀǰ½Ϲʥ֮£ʦ۷ĴڣߣڲˡŰ꣬ʦԼ֮ǰЩǿأ
еˣܲȫ˰ɣ
ǿܲɢͼһһԵǰпֺû˭ܾܾ
㣬ܹ뵽˿϶Ҳס
ȻˣĵʦúǱ½ˣ٣ʵҲ򵥡
Ҽﵽླˣйʥģȴ٣
˵ͷ
ʦᣬɱġͷʥˣЩﵽ˲ླս磬ʦ̫ܲϳϲ
Ǽһͷʥ
ʥǱּǿߣ½ϵ˶٣
ûܹ塣
Ūã壬ʥĸ֣Ūˣȴͨıʿ𹥣ʦ
֮ǰսǱ߿дʥǿߣ
̲ס˹
ȥսһλ֣֮սһҪʩչϻδܹˣҲ˵ˡ
νʥ
ˣæ
õҩѾްˣģνʥЦЦ
Ǿͺá֪û£ͬʱüͷ𣺡дʥǿߣܺǺϻ󷨶ս˵ٴﵽ˲ླ
ˡνʥʵֻܶǴʥأѪ磬սͨླǿߣԵֵ
ϻսˣǽֵλʵȲʦ϶Ҳ̫ࡣ
ΪĴʥǿߣѾǱ½ˣû뵽ﻹС
Ļ֮ǰͲ
ʲôĿˣԹȥȷϣţҲǰ취
˼Ƭ̣ûкð취̧ͷ
ɵȣһǿһô϶ᱻ˵õ˳彫뱻
ҪǳȥԷͬ˷£żʧأδܹʤ
ԡ֮취Թȥϸ̽һ£ԷҪʲô
ȥⲻС峤ʥӵһ¡鷳ˣ
Ļ˽ʥһæ
λӣӰˣԶԶԶ硣
ǰȥ̽һ˷֣УǣҪ֣Ծ¡
ò׳һгһˣҪ䡭϶ٴһɢɳǿˣӱ
㲻ȥνʥҲһ
˷⣬ȻӡƻԹȥ޲һ£һɹԮ޷ԮǾлʤ⣬Ƿģұֶβ٣Ǳȥ֮սԷҪ֣Ҳûôף
֪ǵĵģ΢΢һЦ
ǡνʥż
ûпǣֻ̽ϢΣյģţǿһأ
ֻ̽Ļ޷صͷ
αװѪαװαװˣȻڻ£̽飬ټʵȷûʲôõĵġ
ǡҪСģһֲԾ̻ǧǿ˵νʥһ£ͷͬ⣬ϸ
ãһЦҲ˵һһΣ·˹ȥ
˻ڿУһΣ̴ǰʧȥټƾʧһ
⡭
ôˣ
ʶ̽鲻
೤ȫɴ۾
˷ռİأԼܵĿռ޷䣬ۺʶԲǶԿռ򣬻߶ƿشﵽһ硭
˲⣬ؽһ䡣
˻Ȼ
û뵽ռ仹á
ҵƣȻͬ졣
סΣǱӪ˶ֲˣ
֮ǰЩ峤İΣӵֱ죬Ҳͷ
Σʱ⣬;ѪΣգӦҲ˳ϻ


1672 ӽ
ಣ
ռغΣǰȥ
ʱ䲻ͿıӪߡ
ͣһ£ȫ죬Ƭ̹θһߣòҲ˱仯Ȼαװһͷˡ
ϢҶôֻͨʿЩ¡
Щڵϣƹһűʿҵһ䵥ˣָһ㡣
꣡
ϢĽ֮նɱʬսָ
Ƭ̺ѾαװĺͶԷһģһ·˹
¶ףֳֳǹӪĺ󷽻ȥ
˵Ĺʮ־ϸһ֪ǿ֣֮˽ʥû˳Щ󷨣żӵܾѪսǿҲҪһ롣
Щ󷨣ʦЩ̫һΪĽйУᱻɱ¾ֻ֮ҡ
ϸÿһ󷨣аԾ衣
󷨣һµؿߵʱֻЩȽǳªȣĲһǰ㡣
ǰЩʥ۷ǿ߶ȻУҪЩѣΣοʵ͵ġ
ȴӰ졣
һǰУһƲ󷨵ĽṹԼʲôطĽУδżƻ
ǹ̽Ϣһ󷨣¶ţòʧ
Щˣʵ͵ģﵽʥأǿﵽʥأڴʥģܻڸʱδ֡
Ǹνһһȣ̫ˡ
̲סҡͷ
һĻߣʥҵʵߣԪ񾳣ûﵽЩһȣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ͵۹ˡһͬΪʡʵȴżĲࡣ
ϧûѣȻںعǣ϶ָ٣ϸѯǰ÷
ְѲߣ̽ûصʲô
ǰһᣬͻȻһǳ𣬼æתͷ漴һɫ׵˹üдŲá
һʵﵽʥأһ֪ǸСͷĿ
˵ǴԣһνعʱѧȻҲܺƭĽҶҶɱˡ
ոջȻȥϢæ񣬵
ʱ򣬸պÿһڻȻҲû䵥ˡ
ȱæϢҹպҪ
ڿ׵˺һһڡ
ǣ֪ڲǱ¶ʱҷڶԷ
ڿ׵ˣץ׳ʮαװļһʥң͵ȵʿ
ӽʲô
ںǰУһʿҲ̲סѯʡ
Ҳ֪Ӧĳֹ°ɣԱһҡҡͷش
޽£Ѿ𣿡
㲻ʲôʲôˣҪʶ˵Ȼ֪ôģڶʿһ˵
һаӽнּ
Էûʩչ似Ҳ㲻˭˿ȼס֣ץϹ
ͣ
һᣬһĽǰɫ׵İӽһڣ˽ȥ
ڣյģֻɢİڷһЩ޴ӡ
ÿһһ˶ߣڷŵλÿʮйɣʮһһۣȲ󷨣ҲǷӡû˿
ЩӣᵽǱߣ
ӽ
ӣüʿƺҲһһͷˮ
Ϊﵽּ𣬼˶пռָһɨУʲôطԡһȺʿᣬʲô˼
㣡
˷ӽɫһʲôִмɣҪ֪Ϊʲô
ǣ
˲Ҷ˵Ӹǰһ˱һȥ
ӲأʶӣҪ浽ʢʲôϧ֪ܲͿĨʲôʶӲȥ
ͼݣӣֲֻ̽þʹգǰȥ
ָղЩӵԭ벻Ҫ
˷䣬ӽת
˶ʥأˣҴҰողӵķλվá
ţ
ӽ˰ںλãһۣĵ˵ͷǰС
־룬
Щӱ־ǰʲô˼
ü֡
Щӣ̶ֹķλпԭⶫûаëǮϵôʲô
ؼǣΪβôָʢţ
ţ
ɻ֮תϸܿȥһ֮£üë̲סһһָоǡǽʦᣬǡɱ


1673 벽ʥ
֮ǰһֱ󷨣δ룬ˣδʲô˿֮һգ̲˲Ծ
Ӳûʲôף͸һ֣ʦĸо
ʦᣬʶӣ̽飬ʲôֶζʹãǲʹط
ͺǰһֻɶӰ죬ûźš
Ͼо¾ְҵÿһġšǼ£һֻоŸְҵˣеְҵģԳʮ
ְҵûѧһô飬Ҳܹ˵Щãʦһϲͨ
֮ǰȥʦᣬҪѧϰ˭֪һ飬ͳ׽١
ԺдͼݣʦΪС͵ˮͲѧϰɹ
֪⣬ѧϰ뷨
ûѧʦĸо֪һЩȫһ
һΪʦᣬ½ڿ£
˹Ǽܱһ£һֱãʦᣬ᲻ᱳ壬ΪʥʦöûвڿӦòǡ
Էʹָıʦ̽鲻
սʦòⶫĿģ롭͵Ϯˡνʥ
Ķʲôһ׹
ս棬ƾʵѪͣԼ˳ᢵļıʦܿսУòˣż߲ûʦ
ûУȻǵģԣˡλʥġ
Ƕﵽ˴ʥѪľ磬־磬ܹץסڤڤ֮еΣѪףһΣ͵ʧױ͵Ϯɹ
٣֪ҲˣȻ֪ǾͲˡ
һЦ
ʦıҪƻҪ
ֻҪͼݣܳ׽١
ȱżϴδӦСٽ٣ָ㣬ٻôҲҪָһǿҪܽȺˣȫɱǾˡ
һ
ؿں׽٣̫ףЩıͼݣ϶
ֻԿʦӴüΣһ㣬ֻԱˣû޲𹥻ôȺȫ
ȻˣԭʥӵЩعأҪ׽٣»ûϣͻһ֣֮
׽ٶϾӣǲܻʤģȻɸҪͻƵļһ׽٣ܽȫûˡ
˵ΪﵽͨѾû̫ˣҪ𣬲ʵԵ˺
ˡλʥƽ֣ˣѪãҲûôˡ
뿼ȫ׽٣Ȼֻݾߡ
˼һ£ǿסͼݵ뷨
ͣ
˼ǧϲδͣЪ˼ǧ׵ľ룬ӽٴΰ֡
ͣҲұ
ǿԻȥˣ
ǣ
ͬʱ˵ͷӷ£תߡ
˲Զķ˻ÿռطһࡣ
ղغӰͼһͷߴ˾˹
ˣϵϢۻ룬һŨҵѹȣڵɱ¾֮ŨīһۣƺͻϮԺʧȥս
壡
ͫһ
Ũɱ¾֮ԶԶ֮ǰʣֻں˺ͷʥʬϸܵȻȣǲһأȴҲܿˡ
ˣ㲻ˣҲˡ
ͳ˧
ӽæȭ
ţͳ˧ӦһȥɣҪ˹ң
ǣӵ˵ͷת뿪
ûˣͳ˧ǰһһץܵѿ¶Ķ
ÿǸ߰µʯ̨ڷһӡ
ЩԵķͬҫĹһӳڿס
Ŀȥһ֣ǿˣƾۣоﾹȻôƷ
һӡ
оӵм䣬һӲδƿ
ͳ˧˹һܵϢмӸǰḧ
꣡
ѿһѪɫĳǰϣǸͷһ֮С
ĵϲǹҲ󡭡
ͫһü
ɷŨ֮ǰϹԪҵǱоҪǿ٣
һ벽ʥ
ǹ˹


1674 ͳ˧
벽ʥ
ǹʥֻҪ˴ﵽʥ𣬾ܽ⿪ӡӵʥսڴʥ͹ʥ֮䣬һ벽ʥּһ֣ླǿߣ޷⣡
ǹ͡
ɫء
͵ϮˡνʥҲвı϶ҲС
ɶ񣡡
Ϊǲҹû뵽ôֶΡ
óѣ
ǰǹ¶ûܹĸĸ飬֮ˡλ簮Աѽ䵱ˣһﾹȻʦ͵ϮȻôԸ
ֻǡڵʵǶùʥʬ壬Ҫʤǰλܣ
ɶ˹ʥʬ壬˲ĸɾˣʱ߶

㣬Ըһͼλͳ˧һڵڣһҧץ˹ȥ
̣
ϵã˸𲻶Ĺâ͵һ𣬽䵯ۻɷֱ˹
ͳɫ˲䷢࣬㼤ϰ죬Ż
Ҳδ㽫ֻնɱˣ
ͣһ£ͳ˧ڡ
ּı飬֮ˡ
ˣ
ƺĻŤһ£Ҳ˵ڱʾҪ㣬ҪʵأС̸
ȻϣͱӲˡ
˰ͳ˧ϲÿ۾𣬲֪ʩչʲô似Ϲâ˸γһ͸ıĤٴץ˹ȥ
̣
ҲڣܵĿռ䣬Ѻۡ
Ϊ󷨣һһȻǿȴδй¶ֺ
һﲢδ
Ȼ
Щӣһ԰͵Ϯڱ벽ʥ޷
ֱսָɣҪô鷳
λͳ˧Ҫ֮ѱһɹʵôǿı㲻͵ϮˡνʥҲԿ⡣
ֹС
ţֹԷȻûͼ˲١
һһڽţͳɫ粻ƺþȫ۾һӰ֨֨˱仯գ۹һģ

ֵĻ֮С
֪Ŀ£ͳ˧Ҵ⣬ۻ䣬֮⣬ѾռϷ磬öԷԼʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
һӰڲԶǸղ뿪ġӽһǰ̹ȭͳ˧ѾķԸȥ˹ţ԰ˣ
ͳ˧һΡ
ԿĽ𣬸оĶԹʱҪľǰԲ֮ǰ˭֪ܹѾء
㻹
ϻôģ
ȥɣ
ǿסһƽĳ嶯ͳߵ

߾񲨶ɷԺζһ£Ѫ
ǡӽ˵ͷͣһ£ٴαȭͳ죬ϾҪˣǳԡţ棬ۣҲó׼
ţ棿ۣ
ͳ˧һ
˵Ϊﵽ־磬ֻҪ㣬ʮ겻Բȶ޹ؽҪڴ̣˭й򣬳ʲôţ棿
ԣ£
Ҫܱ˳һੲݣͳ˧Ҫըˡ
߾תƣ·ɷӿ˹ͷĿѣؿڿҪըͷ亹ֱð
ԣ㡭ˮ𣿡
ӽеĿ㿴ôູ
ͳ˧
MMP֮ǰô˷죿
ǽǳʦҪҪˮʲôûæ
Ҳ̲סһȣδ䣬λһٴ𣺡ˮҲȰǡأ˵ĴζҪҶ˹һ롭
ۣ
ǰڣɷڣͳ˧ɫһףһѪ
꣬ûˣ
Ϲûæѱ
ôһûУ
ǿסؿڵķڣҧдҪɱ˵ĳ嶯ҲԷˮϹҪš
ͳ˧ģѾ֪ͨȥԲ˹ţǸΥ㲻㿪ڣҲֽնɱ
һӣӽһԴǡ
ͳ˧ؿۡ
ôвɣ˵Ǳ˴˵ľ㰡
ͼǰġӡٴοͳ˧㲻Բȣ㡭볪ҪҳҲУ
ۣ
ͳ˧ٴѪ


1675 
ͳ˧ıˡ
裬ð
Աླǿߣ裿
û߰ɣ
ӣţһֱܵãƽʱףһСģôôڣ
˵˲Ҫţ͹ϻƪǹĻôˣ
ϸһۣòϢڵɷ˵ȫһģһ
ҲͿ׵ʽͬ
ײͬ
ѵһﲻǰӣǱαװģû˵ʲôαװΩΩФ
һƽԷȥͼԷһ𣺡ǺãȳΪֻϻܵÿ죬ܵÿ졭
ۣ
ͳٴѪ˫͸죺ȱ㣡
͵سƣǰ˹ȥ
ͼֲס˿̱ԷŪķңǿг룬Ĺ˲ӿԺһѣΡ
֪һ£ԪҪָûаʱʵܲˡ
߶ģûô߶ϻġ
ɱƽᱻ
¡
ն£ۻһӿϮգ۹ǰİӽѹ
ͳ죬ǰӰ
һӽæ㵽һʯĺ档
ʯоӣͳ첻˾ӣй¶٣æ֡
߸ͣԷ𣺡ͳ죬Сģ͵Ϯ㡭
ͳ켱æ̧ͷϷаӰ

յͷ漴һǹѾǰˡ
û뵽ӣӵ˿ٶȺʵͳɫһ䣬æ
꣡
ˣǰƤҲǹһӣѪֱ
ʥ
ͫһ
Ĵһı˲ֺǴﵽʥ𡭡
һ˲䣬֪ǰˣԲǰˡ
ּı˵ûУӵУʥصʵҲ޷ӳ
㵽˭
۾
ˡνʥýģżҲ󲿷ýû˵˭ǹ
зŭûͣЪ䡣
һ£þȫܵĿռѺۣ֮ƺܲס
ΣգͷϹ
û£Էٴκ˳
üëһʶæɢϷɿտҲͳĿҪըˣ׼ú˵ɣ
ӿ͡

ļһٴβصʯ;Ӻ档

æ֣ͳҪըˣб£ҹһս
һǹˣʵ㲻϶ҲȲླǿˣǿߣԼϵģ
ôһжӣ굽Ӻ棬Ǹ
ôĸ
ʦõʦҲ֣ÿһŰϣһﵽáαװɰӣ˲˵ѻƪһֱܣս
ôô޳ܵļһ
ŭ벻ܲˣԷͼԷٴһָϷ͵Ϯ
͵Ϯá
Ҳ̲ס͵ѹ
û£͸еͷƤըһɾ޴ֱԴϡ
žણ
һ±ڵϣ˸֣ȫͷ˲֪ٿ飬ѪӿȪ
ҶسȻ
ţһ˷ܵ漴״שļһʴƨɣϲͣŤѹȫٴδ죬Ѫ硣

ͳĿˡ
һĴʥǿߣӵһʥͺţˣһһǹѹŵҲ͡
״Ĺ̥
ˣ͵Ϯǲ
ҡҡͷǰһ֣ͽԷָϵĴָȡ
ͳ졣
һûء
һｻˡ
ָߣ˵ͳ죬˰֡
ǹͽԴ˷ܵģһƴƨһǹ
ȥʰԷǰ
ԴҪǿеɷ깥ǿ˶ⲻסܹĻԸһûô鷳
ͬʱӳ㲻ԼٿأҲܺܿ
ԣ
ͶԷһᰴ˹ȥ
¡
һɱ¾֮͵ؿӿֱ˹ȥ
ˣ
׻ɢ⣬Ϣ档
Ĺ
һ
Ҫ׻꾭ܹ٣һ¾ͳ˴
ɱ¾֮ҵġ
Ȼһɱ¾֮ѹԼҲתһɾɱ¾֮ӿֱǰѹȶ
ûǰѱǼһ㣬ͨڵϣɪɪ

ͳŬ͵۾档
㲻Ǻܸ߰
ôͳܲеڲ١


1676 նɱͳ
ͳĿˡ
δ飬ؿ߳ڣΪܴչͼ˶֪Լǿ󣬽ûüͱһשһǹڵ
ؼǣӼôѱֱӳԷ
ղŸҵǹɰأ
ֱſڵô£
ԭһɱ¾֮ľȳαװϢ˶
ʵͳ죬Ȼ
ͳ죬ҳԱɱ¾֮ľȻǲģȫתȣ˲Сһء
ָһ㣬һѪҺ˹ȥںϡ
һӿԺ

֪֡
ǹ²һǰȷǼ벽ʥˣһɽı
ĿɽĲͬ
ԴǿɽÿνҪﴸĲһֻҪǿߵѪ꣬ܽ
Ҳ˵ҪٴδֻҪնɱǿ߾Ϳԣ
ˣԵ죬һŨɷ
ô˵ܽɹʥ
֪Щ۾Ź⣬̲ס
ʥܹնɱʥıһҪܹʥ֮£ηˡ
ԣҪȹʥѪС
ζһ¡
ȹʥѪˡһ顣
ܽʥѪȣԼҲնɱˣõ
ʵҲʥɲླ߰벽ʥѪҺ꣬ҲпֻܽҪһЩˡ֪˵뷨ٴδ
ླã㽫һɱˣܽ٣
һָͳ졣
ʵһ㣬ȴҺӵܣ֮Ӧٽһ벽ʥУϿǰ
ͷ
Ǻã㴦ˡ
ˣûкøУοһﻹ͵Ϯĸ˾ˡ
ǣ
Ļ˷ܵط˹ȥһն
ʱ䲻ͳͱһʬѪҺ⡣
֮죬ǿԴߣҿ
զࡣ
ΪԷѶϢû뵽ȻѪҺøǿ
Ȼȥɣ
ջشָ˿
ͳ죬ߵˣѾΪҪСһЩ취ܽһ򾡡
ȻżӵܶսĻ֪Ҫʧ١
°ͣüëаƲ⡣
ӣһͷླͳ죬϶Ҳдʥ˴ڣɱһͷͿɽնɱ
ܶҪɱһѵصľӡ
ǰ׼С
ղŶֵòСЩӺ󷨣ϢδйҲ˵˲֪ͳαװģ
һ
طϢڱˣû֪ͳȻɱ
ȻˣӽܹαװͳȻҲԡ
ʬϵĿװϣòٴγ˱仯֮ǰͳһģһ
ȥжٴʥǿߡ
ʯ̨ྵӣ˳ȥֱղû̽Ӫ˹ȥ
ӵǿߣܶϲ㣬ͳΪླͳ֮Ŀ϶Ҳȥмλﵽʥģ˽ЩˣʣµҲͲΪˡ
αװͳ죬๤֮Уû˸ܿӪʸǰ
ͳ죡
ͷ˱ʿȭ
ţ
˵ͷ߽漴߸Χڷһɫء
ͳ죬㡭ɹˣ
ͬʱϲ
ͳҪȥɱˡνʥ£Щ˶֪ȺϢ
һûȥҪ飬Ҫ飬ϣǸ顭
˰֡
ղΪƷڣûҶͼݣȻ߻û˴ˡ
Ȼ֪ͳľ˶εαװڼαװǿ󣬷ڵ߸ˣδκ쳣
ͳоǣҵһϸأ
˵飬ͬʱȭ
ţװ˼ģʵתۣ֮˿ȥ
Ͳһλﵽ˴ʥʥѪ磬λʣλǼ񲻻۷塣
ҿղûż֣Ȼ⼸ϣҲδܹ⡣
οʿɺϻ󷨣ླǿߣѡ
ҳһ£Ҫ㰲ţ²κ֪
˼һ£һλʥصǿߣڵ
ǣ
λûлɣں߳Ӫʡ


1677 Ŷվ
ӪʣûͣЪܿɵߡ
ͳ죬ʲô£
ͳأ̽飬ǷܵϢʥصǿߣһɫ
ġ
°һߣһ߽ͣδ䣬һͻأֱ֣λ˵Ĳն˹ȥ

û뵽ԷͻȻ֣ǿһϾǴʥصǿߣսȻţȴûʧȥ磬æˣҪ
žણ
һ޴İשͷϣ̱ҳͱ
ླͳ죬һҵĻָһεסֻһ£KOˡ
꣡
ɹһѪҺոɾ
ûгɣٴηɻӪʣһ£
кһλʥصǿߡ
Ӻٴδ¶ͷһ
λǿ˳ֻʣ£λ񲻻ļһ

ô˶гȥˣ
ɻʱ䲻ͼͳһ˻սͲ˸ķӡղǽˣڸ˵
λ񲻻ˣͬʱ©

һһﻹûӦԴ͵˵ϡ
벻Ϊλ֡
սླǿߣܻ鷳һЩ񲻻ɱ
ˣʬ崦꣬кһһ˽
дʥǿߣᡭ
ͳ죬ֻʥĸͳ죬ղšгȥˣ
һɻĿ
ʥġгȥղŻڵģôڲˣ
ֻʥصʵʥѪֲǼٵģȻ֪
벻ͳ죬Ѿɱ
Ǿͺãֻ̽Ȼֻλʡ˲پվٴηԸ֪ͨбʿӪǰϣ
ˣ
ˣϢ̽Ѳߵģй
֡
ǣ
Ҵ˳ȥܿ˼ϵĺŽ
ʮӵĹˢˢ߳ӪʣˣվһŵĶ飬롣
һۣüëһ
ǰˣ֮ࡣ
ҿ֮ǰûż֣ʥϵǿߣɴ󣬰벽ʥܲܿҲ˵
ѹ֣żҲҹôǿߣҪɱżҾǿ󣬹ҲҪһ룬ⲻס
ӽ
ѹסһȡ
ڣ
ӽС
ˣղŲõĶ
һӣ
ǣ
䲻֪ͳΪҪôͲΥӽ̴һˣҴ뿪
Ӻʯ̨;ӣͱ˹
ÿǧ˳һУЩɢÿУսʿȫ֣ǰģƴھϣ

ǧһӣ
֣
бʿã
Ҫʲôµ
ֻǡôδ
󷨣Ҳû˵Ҫְ
ͳ죬żһ񣬽ټ֡һǳûô죿һɫףͰӽЩƵˣҲ̲ס
ʿҲˢˢ
޴
üëһ¶ŭҺͼλͳ죬ոƶսƻǿ֪Щӣʲô
²֪
һľӣ㲻ʲôá
ȫҡͷ
ҪʦӴ϶࣬ҲʶЩͨʿδʦȻʶ
ǣʦ£Ѫĸ֣޷֣֮ҪϵϢɱعȥɱǣֲ
һӣ
ɱôֲͳҪ͵Ϯ
̫ˡ
ǰһ͵Ϯɹ²ѫˡ
ЩӵĹЧˣȫǼɫǺ졣
ܹ͵ϮɹĻͲƴսˣŪû¾޴Ĺѫõ
׾ͺãԣҪ֣м䲻κξԵƷǧסһΪ˭ûй¶ټʦˣɱۣ
üëдŨصɱ͵Ϯעһֻɹʧܣȫ𣿡
ף
˱ʿͬʱͷһɫ£Ǽ
ܺá
Ŵһڣ󣡡

ǰľ޴飬̱ǧһӣʵǿվǰ棬ƺ;ӽӴ֣һ㣬׵ľ롣
ܺá
ĵͷ˵伤ĵĻٵķӹһӰͻأǰ
۽ͳ죬ڸʲô
һ


1678 
۽ͳ죿
ͻȻֵˣټ϶Լǳ⣬ɵҲףںԼ˵
ԭαװλͳ죬۽
̧ͷļһͬĿףϢۻ룬ȻͬǸʥزླǿߣ
˵ʥֻ߸
ðģ
ӡ
һ׹
û´ӦǷӡƻԮ
粻׼þδ̫һЩ
ǲླǿߣأҲԷԼǼٵġ
뵽⣬ûκλţüëһôʲôҪ㱨
㣡
˵ĺڼˣһ͵һ˦ȡһŽɫֽţӹֹͣԭ·أ
ԭ·أһ㶡
Է˵ĳӹʣ϶ָ֮ʡô˳嵽ؿߣôͻȻȥ
ӣ
ڼ˺ǳһһеĽɫֽžͷ˹
ӹȻдó
⡭ͣһ£ʥּսָȱæҴ㿴һ
ţ
ڼüë
ЩʦҷãһӵױȵĹЧԺԿ壬ǰ벽ʥǿߣһ
΢΢һЦš
벽ʥһ
ڼ˲š
ЩӣͨʿʶϵõģʦϢһҪóķλʲôã벽ʥնɱ
һ£Ǿͳ
ͷųϿҡ
ãҵҪҪʲô
ɻĿڼջǵ˵ͷ
ǹ䲼ģԷҲأʲôµķ֣Ҳ޷
ôʿԷͳ죬أҲʲô۶
ܼ򵥣Щʿһѡһӣִ
Ц
һ£ڼ˵˵ͷһ龵ӣȥ
ɵȽƭǡζ벻ǰλѾǺ۽Ǽٵˡ
˵ʦս͵ְҵҲֻãû̫󹥻ֱʣǵʵҲױܿ
ȻҶ׼ãǾͿʼ
λ֣ҲѾھϣ˿붯ͼݡ
ٴһХķһӰ˹
۽ּϽ󣡡
ӰڿУʹһŻҳȡ
ľȻҲһλླǿߡ
⡭
գ۾˵ֹͣϽ󡭡ǹİɣ
ԣղ˵ǳӹʣ˵ǳʣ岢һߡѲɣ֮ͳһ
һ뷨ð˳
˵˱һҪĻߣôҲôף
ĲףҸյõӹʵóʲô˼
ղĺڼˣɫѿ
հ䲼һ̨ܹǲá
ûʲô˼ֻǷ£۽ּ
Ĳ׵ˣһһʥּŨ
ӹд֣ͶԷ˵һȷϳҪɡ
⡭
գ۾
۽ҪģϳӹЧڵһߣѵȥ뱻ն
ɣһ˴ȵ
ӹǵһߣǣڼȣǻôѪƿӡôܾȥҪˣɶԵΪ˶λѣ
Ĳ׺ǳ⡣
ӹʼȻȻǼѵΥ
ҲΥ񣬵¡ЩŹ֣Ըӳʵģ

ˣˣˡ
ʱǰһ˺С
ɣǳӹʻǳʵڶҪżӣߵǸôĦġ
ǰϴ΢ЦڲҲżչʾһ£ոоĳɹ֪λɷ뿴
ɹ
Ĳɻ
ҷʦıķżĽãɱһǣһ壬ĲȤĻԺҵбʿһһִһҵĳɹ
΢΢һЦ
ӣʦ
Ĳһɻ˿ȥŷʿžӣһϴ˷ܡ
ղĺڼҲվһԱߣƸ档
ǰһΰķ֣ܽƽ壬ʱȻãνⲻ˵ġ
΢΢һЦ
Ҳã
ô˶׼ˣĲҲɣ˵ͷҵһӣȥ
׼ãұ΢Цһ
ƾǿģӣ
꣡꣡꣡
бʿĲסڼˣͬʱͷ𣬻ðŰ̡


1679 
㡭
ζ벻ӾȻͷ׵磬Ĳסڼˣץͬʱ
ʿҲͷۻȫˡ
Ϊɶöû뵽볷ƣǰĺ۽ͳ죬һǸ⣺˼еʧ󣬺ŪˣǼץžӣα֤ղˡ
δ׵𣬡꣡꣡ڶ
Ϸһִ飬¡бʿȫˡ
ȷһˡ֮꣬ǰˣ
ǷҪǲſ
ƣҪƣȴ֣׵̫ǿˣȫԣѾ޷ء
ۣۣۣ
һǰĭӿ漴ʶʧ
ţȻԼͳ죬
Լ˶ӡôͳģ
Щʿ󲿷ֶʥңܹ˿񱩵Σȫû
ǣĲ׺ͺڼˣʵҲĻ鴤ԡ
Կ׽٣ǻǰ׼ֱº޷ǲླҲͷƤ飬ʶᡣ
Ͷ
һλʿȫ˿
ʦȡܵģ˵ֻҪתͼݣͻ̶гͷ
һ취û뵽á
ֻһͻȻðЩ⣬ãûĵĹʽֱС
ȥûʿȫɱˣԸĲף
֪£ֻãԷûзŵԳɹһͷླָ˭˭һҳɣһΣѾںڼ˸ǰ
ԴԸĲףԿڼˡ
㲻Ǻ۽Ҫɱ㡭
бʿûģͷڸնɱڼɵҲףǰͲʲô۽
Ƿŭһһģʹ˹
ˣ
ԷԶ͸еһײԺһѣΣˤ
깥
ͫһ
ԷǼ깥ûз

ѣΣǰһλٵĺ۽ͳѾǰһȭԴ
Ѫȼա
֪ȭͷ£Ȼڼ˲ҳɣѪҺ̼һǿϢ˲ӿ
ѪҲá
ڼ˸뷴Ϳļһһ̨ͷ˹
꣡
ͷǳѺۡ
Ϊླǿߣ岻࣬޵Уվԭýǿ߹δܹƷǰһõһֱ̨ӽͷ˺ѡ
ʲôı
磬㵽״ģ
ͷôߣаשΪ͹˾ˣȻôи̨
أ
е𾪲Ÿ𣬾ͼԷֳ̨ͣ䣬ʶԶ롭
ĲླǿˣձȫЩԣͱ̨ζ벻
ȷǽ͵ķ̫á
̨ջؽָҡҡͷ
ⶫǴ̨еõģʥµķȻܸߣЩ˳֡
Ȼ̨֪ȻұԴƻֱץ񣬵ιȥ
µĴ֮īдĻʦֽܷӸһﵹãֱˡ
˵Ķó˺˵ʡ
ڼնɱתͷ漴ղλĲףڽԴƨ棬һ޿ı顣
ÿҲ֪֣һˡ
Ȼս˲ٿأԴ𶼳Ĳףͬʱ֣߸ǱĻûָȻ޷ֵ
ǹ˿Ҳ˹
εһˣȫû˺һģҲʱ䲻ȫնɱϡ
˵ʵ˿̵ǹǰλͶء
һ˵ӣȽʥûͻƵʱҲֻжԶܶԶһﵥǹƥûģŪ˸ɾһûӵ
˵ȥš
һѹһؿߡ
ȥԳΪˡ
ڸпͻȻ䣬ԶٴηХһڼˣƿն
۽ͳּǻԭشóȻͺˡ
Уڼһɫʥּ˵꣬ͷصʬ壬Ĳϵİשüë̲סһ۽ô£
·ĺ۽ͳ죬һΣͷ˼
˵˯𣿡


1680 ޲ӡ
ô˯
˯
ĺڼˣһץ
˻ǻˣôֲɵѵ
ȻţǾˣ֣
֪ǰ˵죬ԷҲ϶ţüϻ
ླѣⶼˣҲںٶһ
¡
ϴʱսˣһﻹûüߣͱϢֱնɱ
ɱĸླǵѪҺ꣬øǿӹ죬ֱӡ
˵Ĵָ;еʣȫȡɾ˿üëһӡķٷȥ
Ȼ֪ӡôˣӶˣ϶ǳ׻ˣ취²ӡ
ȻԷһһһ˭صס
˲һᣬȻһӡߣмǸ޴Ŀ˴ƿ
Ĳ׵ˣǴġ
ãûƻȻ벹䣬
˿
˷⣬ʵ̫ͣ޲²ãҪԷĹʥ赲Ͳˡ
Ǳ塭ҪҲȥ
ӡǰһ޸һ˼
ܳңΪβܹȥҶԷ鷳
Ҫܹ׽ǰΣ
Ͼһٶؿͬʱ幥ʦáҡҶסȷͷ۵ġ
Ȱѷӡ޸˵
ӿٶȡ

ôˣôû
ڣνʥڴת
˵ȥ̽Ϣⶼһʱˣһ㶯ûУǵǡ
Ӧʲôˣģֶμ࣬Ӧò¡˽ʥο
ǿ˵ľӣ֮ǰֵʱֲû֣֮࣬һ֣ʦ䡭ôס
νʥҡͷ
ͷʥϣѵص󲿶ӣ˵ģκˣ¶Ĳ¡
ô죿Ƕû֮óȻȥһֻ֣ӱ˽ʥ
ҲĶӣںԲǹȥʱ
عô
˰ûкð취תͷ
ǰŮ̫ˣƺһ㶼ģ֡
µģҡͷ
˵⡢ӵαװ˵˿̵ʵǹʥҪסҲܣ
ȻˣûҪġ
ɡ
˿϶֪νʥüѯʣͼһϼҴ˹
ϼ
ˣ
֪λרŸ鱨ģôż϶Ϣ˽ʥæվ
ǡ켯ϵĺŽǣоӼϣҵģҪ͵Ϯλɫء
͵Ϯ
˽ʥɫһ䣬æʵô£ϸ˵
ҸϢݣרɳ̽飬˵ķǿһֱ޷̫ڰʱǰԷͻȻĺŽǣųͿӻˣػ󷨵ġڵģȫ뿪
ͻȻթǵ˲ҿһӷûж̽飬֣ˣɢʮӣƺĳͣԼǽսλͳ죬˵Ҫʲôµս͵Ϯ
õ򲻸ҵ̷Ϣ˹
λæ
ýϢ˻ȻҪ͵Ϯɹżҽܵ޴ʧ
֪ѶϢʵ̫Ҫˣ˽ʥһӣ쳹Ǳżӵʱ͵Ϯһ䱸
ǣ
żˣһɫأȫ˾ְսⰻȻ
λϣҵӭսȽ赲͵Ϯ޹
Ըˣ˽ʥŵ
ã
೤ͬʱͷˢˢɳ⡣
ããģʲôеؿһᣬͻȻüͷֱǰȥ
ع
û뵽Ů³çˡνʥһۣü
ţǹȥ
֪ٲ׷ϣ˾߶ˣ˽ʥҲɣһνʥֱ뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
ôûˣ
ԽɣԽɻ
˵ôˣ϶˳֣ôһӰû
͵Ϯ͵Ϯܸаɣ
ô⣬Ҳܺʦս꣬˿·ˡ
쿴ǰ桭
˽ʥɻ󣬾νʥ𣬼æ̧ͷ漴һˣڵϣһͷɫںڣǰĭ
ȻȫϾ˺
Ⱥм䣬üƺڹ۲ʲô


1681 ӡ
ǡôˣ
֮ǰǽͷöˣȫڵϣλʥˡ
ǶǱɱġ
վ
ɱģôܣǹʥôͬʱɱôǿߡ
˽ʥš
Ŷӣһͷʥϵǿߣвٴʥġһɱ⣬ôò˼أ
ͷЩ˶ں޷֮£ԣȻűնɱģȻһǱ׵統У
صͷ

ˡνʥæϵʬ忴ȥȻЩ϶б׵̹ĺۼ
Ӻȷܹٻ׽١
һˣһ˵ľӡ
˶ͬλá
ȻЩ˶ˡأ
æνʥĴѰҡ
ɱôˣֶμ࣬϶Ҳ̫ù뿴ôˣûˡ
ӦȥӡǱˡ
վǰС
Щһﶼˣ϶ȥ޸ӡײ³
˼ٷУһӡǰ
˿̷ӡѾȱңԸոϡ
ɡأ
ϸһᣬνʥϳ޲ģܹ޸˵Ӧûɶ⣬ɡôˣ
һ·ʶӣҪڵĻ϶ͷˡ
ӦͨӡȥǱߣ
üë
ȥǱߣ⺢ӣôô³ç
һνʥûιȥУҪȥ
νʥڴ½ܴƽʱ£һأһǣӣʲôܲˡ
ҹȥɣǽȥ˻ûҵԼΣˡ
شĻ
ˡνʥ˵ʵǺǿǱߣɱ¾֮ŨУʵܵѹƲ˵ܸıϢͺҹеĵ̫ױˡ
Ҫ룬ûҵȱΧסնɱˡ
㣿νʥüӡ̫Σգʵ
أδŮ֣ңҲأս
ΪΣ֪飬ֻ֪
Ƿģ
֪ԷǵԼһЦȻسǽϢ߳ڵˣǹЩʬ壬ػӡ
˵һӡ

ˡνʥλʥͻȻе۾һûļǰĿռͳŤһ̣ȻڳǱڵĴ֮С
⡭
˺Ȼ
˻֣ǾͻصڣȷλԿռգﵽ˺־磿
ʦҲɣ
ѵǡʥ
νʥɫһףš
֮ǰ֪ϲŮʵӦñҪǿô벻ô
֣ླһսԷһ˦䣬͵ʲô£ûסѾ
ʥ½ôôĹʥ
˽ʥҡҡͷһᣬʵ벻׶ǿֻҡҡͷˣôˣʵȥ϶Ҫ׵Ķ࣡
˵꣬һΣǱϿա
żӵϳȥսƷ
սƷ
峤ǰȥˣ˿ȴں֣ڳĳһ֡
峤ղǱ壬ѾǽսһͷˣȫնɱɽؿΣ
˲ף˽ʥЦŽ͡
峤һնɱһͷˣ
ǽսΣһ취˾ӣ峤һ𣿡
⡭ûɣ

һ˲䣬ż˶ԭأɵˡ
ȡн׼Ҳ˵һа٣Ӣ쳣һһ֧ӣ׷ʲô

ȥżҵˣδЩʬ壬˿ڷӡе磬ٷС
Ǹʦ½һ½һۿͷûֻ̫һѪɫҲ񷣬һɪ֮⡣
ϣɱ¾֮Ũƺеɴ˶
ֱǸ޵ѹ֡ˣҪռʦ½
üëһ
Ȼģɱ¾ϢɴˣҲͬãñ壬̲סɱ¾ĳ嶯
ȷʺ˳档
ˣ϶Ҳͳˡ
ûеͼҲʵڲУȻȥȺˣ»
ӡֻǺ棬ûնɱˣڿѪ£֪ĻȻȥ˵
ȻҲʧУòʧ
ٶȿ㣡
ȥһ󼱴ٵķһǿߵ˹
һΣÿռסΣķ򣬷˶ȥ


1682 ʮ
һһɽ꣬ͷˣվԭأܵϻ۶ƺڴ߶ĳ󷨡
ϸȥͷˣǿһλĲ£ﵽ˲ླңλֻдʥһؼ񲻻ʵ
ǰǸ󣬲ģʮֹϣת˲֪ˣЩ¾ɣˣȽ鷳
ʵǿļһǰˣǷŭղŵĺǳ⣬
ĦҶˣѾˣʵ̫ϾˡҲû취
߶󷨵ˣΣСĵ
ٷϻ㣬ȻֱʣҶҪԴأ
ĦҶ˴һڡ
ǣ
ǰ˲ҷϻȫӿܻٶȼӿ죬ϵ󷨣ͣҫƺʱἤ
ɫףЩ֧
æ
ٻˡ
ʣ񲻻ˣûκԥһҧָѪҺӿųǰĴߡ
ˣ
һ˲쳣Ũͷųҫ۵Ĺâ
ţ
󷨼ĦҶһһΣм䡣

â֣ռѷ죬ĦҶУգ۹ʧ
žણ
ĦҶһ뿪ʣµλ񲻻ǿߣȫͬʱ̱ڵء
ӣղŵ󷨣һ˲䣬ȫˡ
ˣȻ϶ᱻɱͷƣЦ˳
ղŵҪûûˡ
ڸˣŲһߴǰ
Ĳ״ˣ
˵ģ˼æ
ţת󷨣͵ĦҶȥ
Ĳ״һڡ
λĲףȻαװġ
ǸĦҶôż뿪϶ȥȻȻҪȥֹ˳̽һ£˵ʵ
ҲҪȥǧҶ
󷨵ˣûޡ
մһΣûˣٴ͡Ʋûˡ
Ȼƣ̲סҧҧʲôȥұǺǱ𣿡
һ
ĲȥɽӡڶԷгƺұǺӣԷԵĳƺĲͬ
ұǺǱߵѾˣҾϵǧҶĦҶۣôҪ㱨
۾ɱ¾£ϵĿ죬ƺʱ֡
Ĳ׵Ŀ׺ͺ۽һģһֻҪıòɣõﴩ
²ҡ
󷨵ɫѿֻüת󷨡
ոĵ̫˿Щ֧
ʣ¶ˣ֪޷϶ᱻѵҳɣææ
ҸմұǺǱߵ£֪ǧҶǱôˣת󷨵ļˣʵ
ұǺӼȻɽؿߣôǧҶҲһؿߵĳڣпܾʱṥƵĵؿ֮һ
ܹȥպһҲ鷳ˡ
ˣ̫ͣղĦҶ˵ǻʺͳϷǧҶرսʿ̳
һͷ˲ش
رսʿüëһ
֮ǰżҶĺ۽ˣż͵ģ᲻ȴԮһˣͺܿ£ԿˣһԮ϶ֵס
˿̣һ˵ӣνǧҶԮڵĵط
õ̳Ҫĸؿߣ
᲻Σգ
ңؼǡ
ǻʺͳʣϷ
ղź۽Ǳ߽ӵǣýǻԭصȺ򡭡Ҳ˵λͳһڣϷ˽Ȼһ¡
ǧҶжսʿֳܷܲһЩ֧ԮұǺӣ
װӣʵ
ǧҶǿıʿʺͳǻʵͳܵǿߣʮ֮࣡
һͷԺĻش
ʮ򣿡
üͷһûվס
һʿżң˶˵ؿߡʮͬʱʦܲҲѹס
徹Ȼֹģľӣ
ôǿʦ½صס
ǣͷƺ֪Ĳ٣ߣһϣǿߣ㼯ͻһͨͨıʿǰǧҶˣֻұǺ̫Զû֪ͨ
Ŀһ˿
Ϊͬʱ108ؿߣʮ󱸣ڿˡ
ӦǽеؿߵıʿϽһ
ԷĻǻʡʵһϡٽ֮ǰĻߣûеô
пһֱ໥ɵŲܽһȻʦܲѹס
ԡĲ״ˣΪͳ죬ôЩ֪
ͻȻһͷʶԾ˳ͬʱһ㶣Ŀ⾼Ŀ˹


1683 ͳ
Ĳ״ˣȷӦ֪Ҳ֪
ϳüαװһЦ
Ĳ״ˣ֡
ͷˣͫһ붯֣һ޴Ӱ¡
žણ
󷨵ļһҳ
һɳſҧһ˵Դһɽһ롣
ͷ񲻻˶ѣȻϳɱ˾ǡ
ʬ壬ǰĴ󣬹âһԭʧ
󷨴ʦټ϶ԿռܵУ󷨣ʮּ򵥡
ӰһΣһϣ̧ۿȥǸ޴ɽȣɽ͸ߵͲƽط׷
ͳ죡
վΣһ
Ǽػ󷨵ıʿ𶼲ߣӦǿϿ׵ĵȼϳ˭
ţ
Ҳشǰȥ
ɽѪбԶɽϣԶԶȥһˮī
ʿһ󣬷ɢɽȣԶԶȥ뻮һûһƾɣͿ֪ѵصǿ֮ʦ
ΪǺüؿߵĶһĲȻȴû˻ɣһ·ǰУԽԽľ
Щʿɽؿߵƣ͵Ķﵽʥء
ʮּǿͬʱ֣ʥҪݱ棡
ֹȻ϶Ҫս
üë
ʦþô귢չȫʮʥأܹģظأټ108ؿߣͬʱ˽Ѿɢˡ
һ֮£֪Ҫ˶١
ֻǡôֹ
ﵽʥ𣬶Ӳ˵ˡ
Ҫȥ»ûɱˣͱΧ֪ôġ
¶ĻȫĸɾҲ֮ǰһûʦҲð
˵бʿҲҪС
ҵǵͳ졭ܻܲɱ
˼Ƭ̣벻õİ취Ŀһ

ȻܽЩһ򾡣취ҵͳ˵ֻҪܽˣʣµӦû򵥲١
֮תĴһȦ
ܿ죬һȺʿΧסľ޴񣬳ߡ
˸ڱεĵطָһ㣬ǰĿռٴŤͻأʧ
غΣӶȥһǰ
ɳɳ
˲ãһһɫ׵ͳ죬ƿ˽ȥں棬һΣҲС
ڣ¯ȼգ¶΢£ǰȥʮߡ˸ˣÿһɫףһ֪Ĳ׵ĵλ£ͳ켶
ǲླǿߣ
üëһ
ǰЩȻǴʥزླǿߣʵĲ׵ͣмֳֽ𵶶ˣϢʦ˿
彩ֱһҶ
ҿû³çǸһڼ˽ģ򣬼ܵĿռ䣬Ҳ׻ᱻ
ʱ䣬ܴ󣬿ɡôǿߣ϶Ӳġ
ͳ죬ǱߣͬǵҪ󡭡
սĺڼ˱ȭ
ͬ⣿
ޱ顣
˵ǵʣҲޣܸǶ֣ҸΪͲҪϼƽˣڼ˵
ƽϣĺ⣬Ǵͷ󣬽һ׶óûô
ǻһͣû뵽λҲ˼黫Ҷˣôõ£

ڼ˵Ļը
̧𣬴ۣ˵Ҳԣ˵Ķ飬ͷ˭Ҳ򣬾ͽǻƵǳóҪ࣬һס򡭡¼£Һһʤˣİ죬ˣҵģ
ǣ
ڼ˵ͷٴ˳ȥ
ͣһ£һں߳
ںڼһᣬԶԶһ޴񣬳ߡ
ǵĶԻȻʮˣȴֳһڳǻʣһڳʣ
˼
Ȼ֪ߣʲô𣬵Ļ֮ǰ֪Ϣûеô
м϶ãֻҪ취ȴؿǱߵͽˡ
۾һ
ʮˣҪһģû취ֻ취֪ͨ壬ǰ׼Ȼֳ飬Щ̫Ǿлɳˣ
ӰһΣıòһ̣ȡܵĿռ¶˳
ȣ
¶Σһ
ʲôˣ
ǰĺڼˣæתòһæףͳ죬㡭ôˣ
αװģǸղŷֳֽ𵶵Ĵͳ졣


1684 
ͻȻһ£ת
ģŶԷʣ
ͳԸǣڼ˼æ
²֪Ƥһ̧
ǡ
ɻ󣬶ԷΪβڼ룬ǰͷ­̧
ǵĴӪζ룬ǰλǼٵġ

ѹ˵֣ǰһâ
ڼ˸վΣգ͸еһ뿪壬ͷ­ڵϡ
ģټһﵽ˲ླҲɱ
ȻҲΪԷֻвླڣǿһЩûôˡ
һʬսָһкۼ˶Էģ
ղսʱͷܵĿռ䣬̽飬ҲԲ
αװڼˣǰӪȥ
ǰλʿǹסȥ·
ҴǴͳȥ˫ֱдϡ
һһ£ת߽Ƭ̺һУ룡
һں˽ȥ
Ӫʺ͸ղŵǸһҲʮླǿߣмˣϢͳ춼˿ӦþǶԷ˵λ
Ӧҵˣ
ٴνƤһ̧
ͳͬˣЩϸڣҪ㵱Э̣ͷ
ʶʱΪܣûд˵еôǿͬ⣬ƺҲûϵ漴һЦЭ̣
¹ҵˣҪмƬɽ֮УûڰʱǰҼҴͳ죬Ⱥ򣡡

ղʱ򣬿м䣬һɽ꣬ط
ãͷ
ǣ
˳ȥһ뿪ĺڼˣվæȭ
ͳ죬һ黫ͻȻ˵թ
ǰһԼȥ
˵
Ҫңûôף˵ôľ룬ǶڣҲƻ˸ո˵Ĵþƣ
һһǹ֣תܵĿռ˺ѡ
֮Ĳޣǹһᣬɢܣһ⣬̳
ǣ
ͬʱͷ

뿪ԷӪʣȥһص֮ǰĴʡ
ͳ죬ҽҪԵ˵ˣɫΣƺ˵
˵޷
ͳ
ǡ˵ʵ֣֮Ҫҹȥ㡭¹ģ촽¡
¹ģôĿǾҿʲôʵģ

ͳľվܣ쫷绷ơ
˸֮䣬ŷŭĻ档
ԼͳʱڴмƬɽ֮о
ãһԸ
ľеĳһ֮
ͳ죬˿ڳԣ޼ɵթ
һڼվ
ǰһҪСģ
ͬվ
ţһ֮ǰԼܶսθ֣ûô򵥣ľ룬ȥƬɽ꣬ϸӣʲô̻
ľ˰֡
ǣǣ
λ˳Ҵȥ
ҶƬɽϤһȥæȭ
ȥɣľ֡
ת߳Ҵ׷ȥ
λһ£ҶƬɽϤǰ
λڼ˵˵ͷϢǰ
һɽ괦
λ÷ɢغãжĻҲ
˾תѰʺϵĲ֮ͬʱһΣ˵ϡ
һǹ̴࣬һնͷ­
նɱˣʬ壬һΣģֱ֮ǰӪʷ˹ȥ
ûǰЦ
ľӭսֱ˵͵Ϯңǵ³

һУʬֱӪʷȥԼתߡ
ľ˳񣬿ڵϵʬ壬ǸղɳȥĺľԼȥĺڼˣûը
ˣһȻ¾£ֱ̫
ɱ㣬Ͳľ
һȣҲ̲סľֱԷӪʳ˹ȥ
ڼˣͬ鱻ɱҲһŭգҲͲסȥ
Ӫʣڴ⣬ľԼ̸Ŀĵʲô͸еһɾ޴Ϣ٣ţԻ͵ĵն롣

ľֵնüëһľҪʲôʲô裡
ǴӦԼôͻȻһɱ˵ı飿
ٸװ⣬бµģҿʲôʵ
ö˵ľһֱ˹


1685 
˻
ݺᣬռѣۻɱ¾֮ƿն̼ꡣ

һ˵ɱ֣üëƳǹһ㣬ӭ

ǹӳյնųâ
λǲླӽԲǿߣʥ֮£޵ˣȫ֣ʱѣѪµĹâڵûɫʡ
Ѿвɡ
ԽԽơ
һ˹ӦԼȥ̸׼ã˵Щʲô˭֪ûȵʱͳƴҪʲô
˻ҩ˻զˣ
ľƻˣһ⣬Ҳ⣬ȥ㣡Ҳ̲סǳ
ңеӣ͹֣ѵ棿
Ҫըľ쫷磬
֣˵ʲôһҪѪˣ
ľ롭֣ླԲܿ⣬˭ľҧ
¶ǲླǿߣֻǳڣսҲΪˣϢɱλûڶܹ
οһﻹܵſʬ壬˿
˼ɱ˺ľˣ
һ£üͷһ壬ͣͿԼӪͻȻҫƺ˵ȼӪʡ
ţһȺ
Ǳ߸ûǽˣǲҪɱǣľͳ죬ɱˡ
ڰľӪʯͷӽƽĺ档
˲䣬˻Ȼ
ľڿдսʿˣô£⻰̻ȻһĿҪը
ƴˣ
ԭǶ֣ҽڣ޳ܣ
ֵǳ尡ǳǻһСˡ
Ϳǲ˳ˣɱǡ

һͻأʿڵѪȼЩʿѵأȻҪըûеõ׼ȷûж
Ÿʲô˶۸ͷˣ֡
һڼ˷˹
ʿһۣࡰͳ족еһλٲϻŭУŶӪͳ˹ȥ

սľȻû뵽ȫһ̲סͣ
Ծ
ľüëһ
Ȼܷŭͳ죬ǲç֮ղŵĺ̫ˣһ˲͵ȼ˵˵ûԤıš
١¡ҶǼȥǧܴ
æתͷԸ
ˣûʼսʦ߾ʹǱҲý
һͳ˧¡
ǣ
˴Ҵ뿪ʱ䲻ٵͳ˹ͳ죬ˣǵ˼ǣɷ˵ʹ¾¡ҶǰȰ裬ɱˣ
˵꣬һʬڵϣȻϾ˺
ŵʬ壬ľһΣ۾ҪѪ
Ҷһ̣̫
Լʮͳ죬գۼͱɱߡ˸Ҳ̲ȥٴ˹
ľ֣Ҿûô򵥣ҵ˲ܶɱ֡
æδ䣬һڼ˷˹ͳ죬ѾλͳҲǰ˸˵汳
˵꣬ͬһ˵ʬڵϡ
ղŴңҲȥˣû뵽ȫɱˡ
ľô˵
Ҳ̲סƤݿҪҧ顣
ɱúã
ľһХ
ΪԼߣһֱû뵽ԼĶǣ˿Ȼնɱ˶Էλͳˡ
ˣȻˣݣ
Է˵⻰ҲͲסǹ˹

ǹݺᣬȫ֣ŷ֣λȻǹ⣬ʵǿ
ľҲʾ˵⡣
գ۹򣬶˴ѷ֡
ˡ
ȺУһֳֳǹĺڼˣ˴ݱ΢΢

ղĺڼͳ죬αװġ
Щͳ죬һ𣬿û취͵Ϯɢټɱвնһ򵥣ʮӵĹе˫ͳ죬Ѿʮˡ
Щʬ壬ټϣαװԷòľˣı˫Ҳ̼ĹǺ
ô벻αװε£Լֱ治
ͳ죬ô⣿Ǳ߶ˡ
ڿ֣һڼ˷ɵǰ˵䡣
꣡
ԷԴڵϡ
նԷòһ䣬˶һλͳ죬һȺ
ͳ챻ɱҪΪ𡭡
쳹Ⱥ
ȻˣǾáҡøһЩɣ


1686 նɱͳ
ߣԴǹȺ֮УҵᣬͶ֡
ʮӣʥϵˣѾ١
кڼͳ죬ȫˡ
תȦкڼףͳͽģȫɱ⣬˿
˷ʥ⣬ÿʦƷͻƷʥڵ˵޾ټ˶ңαװڣֻҪϣע˱Ľ֡
ս໥նɱĺڼˣϣģ֮һ
ڲ㳹ˡ
ûЩͳ졢ָӣ˫Ѿ״ңʮ˵սÿ붼˱նɱ
ӿʼڣؼ㣬ˣڻսˡ
ҪǲЩˣͣս
ͣС
ʱľսֶ£֪֪ףôãˣδ
ֻҪ˲ǵĵλݣ϶ͣ֡
ͳλã϶ɵղǺܷŭսһᣬȻ侲쵽Ծ
ǡкڼͳ죬⣬ɵҲ֪ˡ
ǷӦǰŪһ
Ŀһʲôð취еľ
սҲѷʤĳһסһסԷĳǹľ
Ҳסͷ
Ƕʵ£ѷ֣жྫȥ˿̣֪ѾɱĲˡ
Ҫ֪϶һѪӿе
Ҫסͳ죬ھͽɱˣȻζԵȥֵܡ
ĻﻹûͿԼһ·˹гǹԲԶľֱ˹ȥ
ľܣ㡭
ϳˣһλ£մﵽླڣʵľԶ
ΥɱôֵܣҲҪ𡭡
ľеĳǹͣ
ľҪˡ
һ˵ԼʵϡôģԼֵסòã
֮ǰһƽӹôͻȻôˣ

ǹٶԽԽ죬ľˣľһҧͳ죬һɱ
⡭
ɡ
ȻǰʮַŭԷǳʵˣҪ֮£ͱ˵ˡ
ľܣ飬⣬ɱ£Ժ顭
̲ס
δ䣬ͿǰĻľܣͻȻ죬˲һǰȥͬһʱ̣ľߵĿռ䲨ֹͣ类ʲô
ţһ깥ϯľˣƣﵲס˶ֶΣͫһ漴ǹԽԽۼҪʺ֮С
㲻ǡľܣ
¡
ʱŭ𣬽һǹٳڻľܵǹϡ
أ
ߵĳǹ̶ѿ
⣡
Ŀռ鿪ľ˺üˮ乶¡
ҪǸղͷȣ϶ᱻһǹ̴ʺֱ
㵽˭ѵղЩҲɱģ
һǹ˻ľܣֳֳǹǰ¡ҧ
λ£ʲôʵһǰλֱʩչ⣬ٿǼٵģϹˣ
֪Ǽٵģٽ֮ǰ£ﲻ֪ô£
û뵽λǿĴͳ죬һϷˣڣ֪
ɱġ
ľܼҡҡͷһΣһģ

ţֻҪնɱһʣµλͼˣû뵽һ֣Ǳ¶öԷ˳
ʵղҪʹǹλľ㷢֣ҲˣΪ˲¶ݣõλľܵıűԷסһ

ȻαװȻŭҲ̲סǹһ
һ
ľ˿ҲӦһ뵽ȻһϷˣʧأҲҪըâ磬ݺ˹
̣
һǹһ£ȻǰûϰϣΪʿѽϻ裬ͬʱ֣ˡ
ǹģæӭ
ˣܶˣҽƣϾǲླӽԲͬʱ֣Щֵס
Сˡ
ܵѹԽԽаࡣ
ֻҪնɱһͷʣµľͻ׽û뵽һûɱΧˡ
ȥֶμ࣬ҲǱ
Ӷ£Щ˵ļƻա
ߡ˲ţʲôԸͿǰľԴͬʱըһӰǰ
˵һȭˡƫ
Ʊ󣬷һȻ


1687 ȫʤ
ſ׹ʬ壬һץսָ
ղ¶ʱ򣬾ͽ·ĿռýսʿϿȻ֪ҪɱǴͳ죬ƻûɹͱ˴ϴˡ
ʬûȥ¶ڣ˿ǰķһ顣
֪һˣ򲻹ľ֣ǰ÷ռˣһսһ߽ȻһЧ
ô˵Է޽ӽʥشԲĳǿߣΪ͵ϮҲǣסǣԼûѰһᣬû뵽ȭͽ˵Դ顭
Ѳɣһʵ֮ǰǿˣ
ΪͻƣܽѵԷһ٣ڿ£ûǱˡ
Ȼ϶ᱻǰҲ̶á
ȥһɣ
֪ͷ˵ᱻһݣ·ȥգ۹·ʱѾˣľģ
ѱҵɱҳ壬ɱƬײ
̴ս֮˵ĶС
ɱȺӣ
֪ǵ
ͳߵĶ飬ȫʿ߰
෴Ŀʼɢ
ƾУܿƽ㵹
ǻߣԽԽ࣬Ѿɢơ
޷ֵʱȫû֮ʱһѪӰӿз˹
ɱûôףҸղթƭһʱѽľնɱֵǣɱǳǻʵˣ䡭
Ӱûж־ĳǻʲ⻰ٴȼ˶־һҧȥ
ջǵĴͳӮˣȻǾͲ䣡
һɱǣ֪
ʿ񣬶һƬ
ţԼĴͳʤǿ϶Ҳʤû뵽ʤ
ټûͳ졢֣ʿʱ
һᣬʤľת
ǻߣԽԽǿԷʼӴܡ
ۼֲסһӰڿС
ֻթľҲᣬλǣջʤˣαҳɱҿ壡
̧ͷȥͼղ˵ľ֪ʱٴγڿУһ
˫ʿ
˫սأթ
棿
ôоѪȵĴսŪĸϷһ
ؼǡ磬˭˭ܸ׼
ûŰ
֣ıնɱҿ㶯֣ȻԱȫ
˶ԭأľеľһ
ɱ
ͳٴζ־ֳ˹ȥ
һɱۼҪʤ
ľ벻թɣУҲԩһ𷴻һǻ뿪
ֶӰ
ʿȫˡ
ͳ죬һ
ȥȥĲ֪ô찡
ĺۣ
һΣбʿϣԼĴͳˣͻȻթȻֱɱ
ˡ
˵ıͬʮ˵Ĵսһᣬһ˶˿
һˣˣڵӣӦϲɺϻ󷨣вˡ
ֵ˰ʱһҲĸɾֻʣǧһС
Դǹһ˹ȥ
ЩʿʥأټϸˣﵲסЩȲླĳǿʮӣȫնɱɾ
صʬ壬Ÿе˿ȫһҲЩѣΡ
Ȼսû̫˫ɱɡһֱȥҪֹ˷֣Ǻľġ
֮оҪһˡ
Һãɹˣ
ȻԷǰ֣¶ԵݣֻʣһʿҲڵʵԿġ
۵ռ䣬ڵϣȡı˰ʱоָһЩ۾һ
Ѽ˶ٱ
ΣնɱʮƻҪʦ½ıǹ˵Զʵջ
Ȳ˵ʮľʯ嵽ж٣˵λͳ죬ϼʮλླͳ죬ָеıѾżҡĻۡ
ȣ˿ǹҲǰ벽ʥı
ľĽ𵶺ĳǹ𶼲͡
תɱ¾֮ʱ䲻ͳ
նǹֶ
ûкʵȻﵽʥûͳһķ˵һ£ܹòɽ֮ʯԹ񣡡
ûҵõıѹĴָ˹ȥ


1688 ľ
˿̵ΪǴʥһؼ񲻻۷壬ҡңͻƵĵú鼮ȫÿͻƷʽͬЩֻܲοհᡣ
ˣ˵ܶ࣬һֱûͻƵķ
ɱླǿ߼ʮвٶͻƵĵáܺĹȫͬﵽʥΣ;λˣǵĹ᲻ͻƣҲкܴ
Ͼô˵ȼƺҪԶʤࡣ
нָ꣬Ȼҳ˼ǧ鼮ĿɨսԺ
ȷ
ҡҵȵؿ鼮ȫںһ
ˣ
һµ鼮֡
ָһ㣬֪ʶӿԺ۾
ͻƽ񾳵ķӷӣҪɱ¾֮ѪµȫͬѼ鼮ܺܶ࣬ȴû˿ںϵ˼
Ҳ˵֮ǰ뷨
ȻûγԷϵȴµ
ʥޣѪþͻʵͻƴʥ󣬾ķֲѾЩˡԼʵ
ҵ壬ٵĴѾ˽ɱ䣬һĽǿ˵ֻҪŻһ£ϵľ磬ӦþͿͻơ
һ
ʱٵĴ꣬һĽҪö࣬Ȼˡϣʵڣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪıԼľλãһʣӦþͿͻƣ߲Σ
Ҫʲô
ԣ
ٴ̺ıת죬״ָ̬۷塣
Ϊ˰ܾͼķλǵʮ˿Ժһ飬ڵľ緽λ𽥸ġ
ĸҸͨģȶ֫ľиġ
ͨˣ֪ľҲΪתģͬ˿ʦͻƴʥķٴѾһɱˡ
νͬķأȻһֱľڻƶ
¡
һŨɱ¾֮ڿӿһ˲ˡ
ָо͵ܾЩƣûпıԣȴɢȫͬϢ
˿̣㲻αװľ˿ҲƷֱ治١
Ȼԡ
ھǽͨӵĳɽӣҪӵӸߡӿӵ̣Ҫͨ
ĵľԽԽ࣬ڵҲԽѻԽۺϢԽԽǿ
֮ǰңɼڣƺʱһ
ܿ죬֫ľϡ
ЩżϢһᣬľ󣬲Բ״̬ٴε۷壬ټʼ
ʱ֫еľøߣͨ裬תˣڣ
֮֫٣Ƚϼ򵥣ͬĲһ־ݺύС̸ڣвͿ̱ܵ߻ħ֪
³çϸղ裬һƶ硣
ߣ취ͻƽʦܲӭһˡ
Ǭεˡ
ֱ
λιǲǵؿߵ£
Զ
ʦܲҲ˱ʣ֪ʦɷϸ˵һ£ҲȷϣϢǲһ£
αȭ
ţԶͷʦõؿߵˣ컹쳣һֲƹذĲݵģ˭֪磬ͻȻȫˣֻأ󲿶ȫʧӰ١ΪǶԷձı˭֪ⶼһˣû˿ɳ̽飬֡ǾȻ˽ӡ֮ˣѵλػĵؿߣҲͬ
ǵؿҲͬЩˣҲͻȻص˷ӡ֮Уʲôԭ򣬻
ǬҲ˵ͷתͷһĽΣôżǹӦ֪Щʲô
֮ԻʦãǽδѶ
ҵȷ֪һЩԣæҹͬ£
ҿһȦʦܲĴǷӡϢȥŷ
أʦɫҲȫ
ʦӦ֪ԴλʦԿĻ֮λ۷ǿߣͬε
ţ˵ӹΪǻʡΪֻǡһ໥ǣƣ໥ɵ˲ŸǣϢĻᣬʦþܿôãʦ˵ͷ
Ϣ˵ʮأʦܲʲô
˵ȷ໥ƺ⡭ɾڽ磬ҵõϢǻʡʣͻȻˣ
ɫһ


1689 Զ˵ľ
ˣ
Զһ
ҵõϢԷʮʿһԼʱϢʦĵؿߣ
һ϶
ʦôʥ۷弶̫ϳϣȥ˿ͨʦɢصؿߣټǵΪҲܲסѹɻĻʱϲϡ
Զüͷ
ϢģεΣʵ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ûʲôð취
֪ǣԴڵĶ֣ҲְǼǿ߶һ˹ʦܲػؿߣ
ε
ͽַˣȻˣ²˳٣ϸսƻȽ˵ؿ˵ɣȻ£ǻûʲôԷѾʼ
²ɣԶˣڷϻҴؿȥ
żҵɽؿһӡ棬Ҳи޴ĳǳأѹڡ
Ҫʦ½ͱͨ
Σ
վڲt̨ϣԶԶһλʦ
һֱûսӵ򴫻ѶϢԷбʿ˵ӡ֮ƺıʲôΪսɱ¾֮Ӱǣԣûй룬֪
λʦ
ţ
ԶӦһ
ڵĹսѪµգɱ¾֮ŨͨʦУò˶ãͻᱻϢȾֻ֪ɱ˵Ļ
ˣ˶սǱַ
ȻʦǿҲ˱ôǿ
һֱҲǰ취ȻӡûػԹȥ̽һ£Ҳǰ׼
˼һ£ε
֣ҺһҶԿռµط棬ֻҪʵңͺѷ֣
Ǭǰһ
⡭
Զһ£תԸʦʱս׼Һͽ֡ȥ̽һ¾ͻ
޷ս̽ϢޣȻˣԳ

ʦȰ衣
޷ֻ̽Ϣֺͽڣ̫⣡˵ĻԶ顣
̬ȣ֪޿ɸģٶ˵
ȣûе飬ΣҴǰȥ
һӡǰ
ͶԷ˵һ˵ȷû̫ķصıʿʵǿֲǵ١
սɱ¾֮ӿ֪־ˣǣҲᱻϢڣ˼ӿٶȡ
Ǳܴ󣬹ȥ
˲Զ̸еһң籩˶һۣٷӶȥ
ûǰ˾סΣ¼Է֡
òǰ͸ɽ򰼴ȥһ֮£ԶһΣˤ
ôˣ
⸱飬̲סɻĿ
ԼԶ촽¡
ǬɻģվͬһۣҲһɴ۾
Щˡˣ
ֻǰɽȣ˵ʬ壬֪١
ǵģѪȺ˻ûȫˡ׷ʲô
ȥ
˶ˣûʲôηģ˿ٷ˹ȥ
ϿգһȦ
ǻʺʵʮʿӦöˣǡ໥ս촽£һı顣
֮е׻ʦǰĴѶ˵֣һȻǰ׼
֪Ϣ磬µֵס˻û֣ȫˡ꣬ʲô
˭ܽһ
Ѳɣߣ˵ûãִһȫûǬ̲ס
Ȼܳʵ벻⵽ν͡
ߣãյսˣҲȫû϶ʣµɱˣǿǱߵļǧˣʮƣһǧˣһֹҳһǧˣ̴࣬һ֣Ǳնͷ­
ҡҡͷԶ
Ϊʦ۲ϸλ֣ɱ˫˫䣬ʮ˵ľӡûţôսҲڣȫˣһʣɣ
˵ĲˣʮӵװʣȫˣϵĴָҲһ϶Ǳˣε
ǬæȥȻ˵ˣȫͺͺģһöָûУ񴦣лյĺۼȴû˿Ӱӡ
ôľӣûԴǲܵġ
ʲôûУֻһ͡ǾǣѾˣⳡսпܶǳ֮֡
ֻǡ
ʲôˣʮˣ̶һ첻ʱ䣬ȫû

ʱһϢӶһӰͻأɽȵϿա


1690 
˳֣Զ˸Ծ裬ȡһս漴˶Էģ
ʦ
Զ
ΡǬ˿Ҳ˳
Ƕףһ棬ܼסϴ
ֻǡôͻȻ
Ӧúżңɽؿ
ѵˣ
üëһ壬Ǭɱڡ
ȻΪλ£һ˴޻֮飬
ºϸ˾ͺƾճֵһ㣬֮ǰδйκϢ
ûʦУûһ־ӵǿʵ˲ɶѣ
˵˿ȥͼأصʬ壬ϲδ¶رĴѰңʲô
ǵģȻô϶ʧأ˵
Զ
ʮˣȫԶҡ˵ˣԷʵ壬Ȼչ¶ֱ飬һûУ˵⡣
ʦ峤峤ǿɿ
ڴͼŮҲǣ˹ȭʵ
ʦҲˣ
Զһ㶡
ǲŷֿλʦҴһżңô֣
ţһ˽ɽؿߵΣ֣ͽ˷ӡãҵصͷ
ɽؿߵ֪һû´һʿذɣһ˽ʲô˼Դɻ󣬿˹
Ǽˣɽؿߺصĵؿ֮䣬˫֪ĺϸ
ɽؿߣΪ½ؿ֮һǿżһأ̫ȫһ˽ôܣ
һʿգ˵ȥ̽һ£˳ȫɱˣǷֵʱѾսؽ͵
̽һ£˳ɱ⣿
ȷûЦ
ȫһΣȫͷƤը
˵ս֮Σ֪ĺһˣ벽ʥһĹʥɿ⡭̽һ£ȫɱ⡭˵ģ
ǰҸտˣʮˣҲŪģֻأ磬з֣
ص
ֶΣЩһֱһ֪ĺղԶ˵һƬʬ壬ҲˣԴǹµĴ˻Ǻ׷ֱġ
ֻǡδҵԷټȻ磬᲻ղžͷˣ
һˡŪʮ
ԣɽؿߵģʮһ򣡡
Ҳ˵ʦ½ʦɵѵˣһɱ˸ɾ
ǿߣֻǰڣ֪۳ױ
ûи
ʮһʥϵˣʦ½ʦη岻ѣһʦҲҪ룬ڵơ
ԷһˣǹƥȫŪˡ
ôģ
㵱ĿʦҲû˻Ի͵սɣ
ʦҲδʦټ
𾪹Զͣδ䣬ͻȻеϢңæ̧ͷ漴һƬƿٻ
١
ȫһ㶣æ̧ͷȥֻһӰ֪ʱǰ֮¡
ƲУɫĻ淭ܵĿյḶ́նҪڻˡ
١
Ǭ˿ĭ
ǲźλʦ뿪һ㣬϶û죬ͻʥ۷壬ʼˡ
ôģ
һؿҪͻƣҪѪһﵹãƵá
ؼм䣬пɱʮһˣླͳ졭
Ƕˡ
𾪲ѣڶɽٵǣ΢΢һЦһᣬɹ˵
˵꣬Ҳ˻شһơ
٣Ҳ
ǬһΡ
ǰһ׽ٵ飬˵ΣҲ֪һЩ׽٣ҲɡͲ±ճɻҽ
ؼǣһɵıô£
ѵһΪ˿񱩵ĽܶɹȻ

𾪣һԶɫΣҲ̲ס٣ʦܲɹһˣ
ɹһΣ
ǬɻĿ٣һһֻܶһôΣ
ٶӦһʥһֻһζɽٵĻᣬôΣ
Ҳ֪죬ۿʦܲɽ٣Ҳõơ
Զһ϶ĵ
ԣʦûǰ죬ʦǽңҲһ٣ôʦˣ
̲סڡ
Σ
ǬһΡ
٣˾η
ĿԽӶ


1691 
˶ɽ٣һд飬űһﵹáǰһΣһΣһ
ǿٺ۸žʰɣ
ôо˶ɽ٣Ҫɽ٣أ
ʵǬˣеҲˡ


ôĻ
磬ͲϢһ
Ӱ࣬۵ģ
ʦ½۸ⶼܵˣ
˲˶һε٣ΪǰλܹΣһǴﵽ𼶱ģֻñտڲٶ˵Ҵҿ˹ȥ
ϵƣ淭Ӱտʼ͵㣬һض֮С
УƲͣſʼ¡鴤ҲùŹ
ʮӺתӣֻʣһζʮڿС
ĵദľ磬ѵʱܳӽһ죬ЧҲԶ׼ģȻҲô죬ֱӾͻƽɹ
ζɽپ飬νѨ󿪣ɻգϸֱﲻȱ̶ʮӵʱ䣬ͽ磬ѻ۷壡
תȫӲӣ
һѹصĸо
ôһˣ
٣ɻĿǰˡ
ǬΡԶأյӦ÷ֱĸͬĵؿߣ˿ôվһ𣬿ɽ٣
ǲ쳣ŸϹģЩɱģ
Ȼ˳ɲţԶһָصʬ壬
Ŷʱ򣬿Щ壬ŲΣգ취Ǵսһͳˣ
Ц
ɱ¾ԣǽʦ½֪˻УԣȻŪôˣûκθ
մս
Զһ顣
Է˵ļ򵥣֪еѡ
ǿ߲ɵӣͣԶԸȻҲںʦöսô꣬·ˡ
Ǵս˲Ѫɣ
ҲͲסԶʵ
ǰķʱоۣͷ
αװģģǸʢЩʱҲЩƣ
ȷ˲Ѫ
ʱ
ԶǬˣͻȻԼۡ
ʮ˻𲢣ǣҪķټ£ꡭһ˰ʱ
ôо˵ô
ûǵĻ
ʮ壬Ҽǵòⲻླͳ죬мʮλɣ㶼ɱˣ
̲ס
ǰɱˣ
ͷһ棺Ϊɱǣ׶Ū˺üΡ
Ϊαװĸ񣬿ײһΣŪһΣɫףڣմѪˡ

Ҳúۡ
ԼʮλླǿߣʦӶԶӶԶȫɱˣûһ˵Ҳˣ˼Ū·
ôһ˲䣬оЩ֣ô

ңԶĹսģһΡĹڡ
۾Źˣڶ棬Ʊһĸˡ
ףǵһˣף쿪ʤǵĵط
һ࣬ɫ۵ˣЦ
֮һʣ
Ҳ࣬Ǹɫ۵ˣǻʡ
ţԸǶԵģǻʵͷҲʺϸƷζһ
ò˵׼ľƣʮζǻߣҲ
ҵȻǶԵģģٲǽ»صƬ֮أЩˣԻ͡
һЦ˵ͻȻüëһһգ۹򣬴˳ȥ
Ķǻ֪Ȼ˴£˳
ܿһĵá
ƣڿУ֪١
ǰὫÿʿһ˿γƣһѣʹѾ䣬Ѱˡ
ҲԼ֪ͨ
˿̣һսƻӶըѣʾжΪ
ʱӢµģǹٵġ
Ҫʷλġ
Ϊֻ˭֪ߣͿǰƣһһͣըѡ
žžžž
ըѵʮн࣬ùģֺڳ裬һ쳣Уؼǣʱʱķ̻һըһģѤĿ
һӣʮƣȫ˷ĩڵϣһûʣ¡
ǵʮʿ
һΣеľƱ̵˵ϣݷףץ񲡣
ʮ򾫱Ϊܹؿߣֵʦ췭ظŸˣؿ߶û߳ȥȫˡ
ըôн࣬ôᶨô޷ˡ
˭ܸң׷ʲô
һ˲䣬ߣˡ


1692 ȥ
˺ò״ˣ棬ô벻ľӣŶûͱ˼ëʣһؼǡ˭ɵĶ
ҪԹȥ
Ҳ̲סϢ͵ؼܵĿռ䲻ͣѡ
ȻǴﵽʥǿߣ
Ҳȥ
ǻʣҲͲס
Լ£ȫ⣬κˣ϶ܲˡ
ǾһǼ£պҲһˡ£Զֻ˱Ϣ
Ŀһ
ǻʵͷ˵ӹʲ֪ҵһλˣ׿ϰûκһ㣬죡ǵеӣǶ֡ɳɳǵģ϶Ҳòˣ
ʵȱæһõ˺ϿɣϹߣǴǼ£ûʰŪãܽؼŪ֣
ã
ͣǻҲ˵
ͬʱһΣԭʧƺƿռѺۣȥ˲֪ĵط

˵ʮˣ峤һ˽ˣ
ⲻ̫ܰɣ
ʦ׿˵ģ϶ٲˣɡôоأ
׽ǾͲüڵؿˡ

٣ʵûҪԶ뿪
ʦԭǵĲѵˣѾ굥ǹƥꡭһȫˡ
ʦ½ʷϣźܶ࣬͡ǿ´˵ģ֪٣ɡ¼һȣֱʲô㲻ϣ
ֵһᡣ
һ˸ɵʮһ֣лʥزླġ
ԽԽò˼飬·¡

˵ۣȥᣬʱѾصżҡ
Ȼ˵ʱӦٲǺһȥ⣬Ҫһ˵ǰ
ӽ꣬ս£˽ʥû͡
ã
Ԫˣ뼯Ҳ첻ˣڿڼʱϵҲʱ򣬹ȥˡ
ȻһЩ䱻Ӱټһ˵֣壬ʦãǺ¡
ڵռŤ۵ģԣֱô󣬻˺ѿռȥֻȵȻɹȥٶȿ죬ǰߣƳϣˣ֮ϵǼɣ
ͬ⣬˽ʥ
޺ܵ£λƳڹ
У취֪ͨڱչصЩ̫ϳϣҲϹȥĻᣡ
ʦбչص̫ϳϣżҲв٣Щˣô֣Ǽ嵽ĵزء
ǵʵﵽ˴ʥزླʥ£վ˴½۷塣
ֻϧûͻƹʥķֻܽԼģһЩʱ⡣
д䣬ҵ޷ͻƹʥķԣΣҪȥһˡ
Ͼżֻʣһ˯ˣһˣûµĹʥȻӳһȥ֣Ի
ǣƳæͷ
߰ɣ
齻꣬˽ʥٶ˵һЦȡǹ׼һ̡
ռһͨƿնȥ
ΪҲﵽ۷壬սٴα˿̾㲻üıҲԺȫʢľսƽ֣֮ɱ
ͻƵ磬һѪŷ֣
Ѫڤڤ֮йӦؼһΣգףͼݣӦ͵͵
ҪѧƻûüӦͻ׵磬Ƚ
˼Σÿζȥζˬͣ
ӣڻͻƵʱʵڲУٵȵȡ
ȻȻϱ磬ʱʱ鴤һ£Ūĸһ˿Ҳ̫ð
ռͨѾܽˣ˲һᣬͼһӰ
أ
һ뿪û뵽
˿̵أ¶֮ɫҲ֪ʲôԭ
ˣ

֮ǰһֱöԷ£ҲŲֱ飬Ӧǳ״ˡ
ʦĸѾ׽
ѯʣأָ˵ͷ΢΢һЦ
ͺã
˵ͷ֪Է˵Ҳѯʡ
ѾԶˣ˱ֱȥ
Խеġ̫͸ԽѹȸУȻ̫ȣȴҲһϵ𺳡
ڿнôӴһż֣ʥҲѾ˼ˡ


1693 
֮ʦ
أп
ʦʵھ£ܼԸְҵѧҲŲĥĹף֪ϡСְҵУæ¼ģв¶ʮ֣
˽ʥзųâ
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զࡣ
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ѹֺųʦأȻͬ졣
ˣľ̶ڶˣʦҪҪľľ̶ȲĲⲻ߾磬ͻԽԽѣ
˽ʥͻȻһ档
Ϊ츳ߡԴ㡢иõʦܿ죬ľȴֻһͰӣԼλŶӣʮ꣬ͳΪʦľ̶ȶ٣ģ
ҵģ
һ£û29.1


1694 ľ̶ȵҪ
ʦԼľ̶ȣѴﵽ۷ˣʦ֮УܹģҲʦ˶ѡ
29.1
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Ϊӽ̫죬ľϣ鸡ζû뵽̶ôߣԶԶ
㡭ľôģľĹҲҪҹĥ£иС
Ǻ档
ľ̶ȣʦѵģʦΪ˸£ľ̶ӣԼĶӣڣ㣬ҲͶʮ꣬ǰ19ǴСطľôǿ
ң
˼һ£ûȻġ

һΣ˽ʥɫǺ죬ѪȻǵ29.1
ɷ򱻴ģνʥЦ
˭ãҪʶӣⲻҴ̼
ӵʱڵ۹ˣʱ򣬲ʥأضûﵽڣѾǽ۷ǿˡ̶̰ʱ䣬ô죬Ҫѯʡ
Ҳڣ
𣿡
ʵ˵ȻЩԣȷûľ̶ȵķ
֮ôߣɫҳʦʦġľ򡭡ÿһΣ1.0߸࣬Ȼˡ
ֻǣͼݣ˵ֻ˻ش
Ȼԭˣʥˣľ̶ȣԼʮţӦû̫ɣ
û⡭
Ц˽ʥ֪λش
ۻÿ0.1Ŀ̶ȣҪѪλãԼʦ
Ϣȥ϶Ὣʦٲ
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һֱû˵أͻȻ
ʥľйأ
ü
ڹʥ壬ʦãûص鼮˵ʲô֪
ţʥԼģģԼȻľزס˶ֱӱɰ׳ջ߷ӡ㿿ԼľҲӺܿ죬ȱĥµĹ̡ʥѣ
أƺЩ֪ĺ
Ҳѹ֣ʵʦ޼һֱѰͻƵķ϶Що϶ࡣ
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ָлһͷʥʬ壬Ȼ־粻֪٣ǿ̶ȣ֪ġ
ļһԿ֮㡣
ླ͹ʥֻһ󼶱ʵϣȴɺͷ˵Ĳ࣬ͬն
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ľ̶ȣһʼǶʦҪͨߣᣬȻˣ񲻱ʾߣ޷ʥ
ͨߣҲעľ̶ȵͺʦľľĵܵľӰ죬Ӷô󲹣ɾ綾
أħʦľͷųйƻöֳԣҪܻûˣԼȻˡʦľ޷û󣬲ȻУԼҲԳ
Ĭ
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ְҵҲˣֻûʦעϸˣ
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Ȼ
ʦãľ̶ȣְҵûУˣľûϸı׼ǲˡ
̶ϸһĿȻˣʦͻƵĸʱְҵö࣬ŵʦһҶְҵҲ׷ϲϡ
֮ǰһΣûǴǰиľ̶ȵģоĸľĹǿµĵᣬдľ󷨣ȥȻûһΣмЧ
˽ʥͻȻڵ


1695 ľ
ĸ󣿹ȥͷ
ڿûȻطľаǾ͹ȥ
һֱʦľĻȫôˡ
ǰ˲һᣬһǰУһλӭ˹
λĥľǼ飿
ĥ£
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ġ
һ¡
ȻƷʥûʲôˣּı̶ȣɲʯԺġ
ܶʥˡصǿߣһûУȻһʱһ
û취£ľǣ̫࣬óĥµ󷨺Ϳռ䣬ά֣ҪѼۡ˿Ц
⵹ǣ

ĥľģƶﵽ˾ʦʱľ27.0ľͨĻԻ֮ѾûκˣҪѹʹõȻҲصƷ۸㣬ҲӦˡ

һӳһƷʥȿЧΣõĻҶһ£
նɱʮһˣǵľȫѹθɾƷʥָУǧ֮࣬ġ
˵ͷ
롭
ܿ죬˽˴һ֮С
мǸˮ򣬴̨ϣתɢĹâ
ǽϣľĹĵã飬֪١
ЩĥľǿµĵãǶȫȷľкܴ̫࣬Ҳ̫ңЩšҪǿЩѹܼᶨģľ̶ȣȻһǧѸݣ
Ц
ڹأ١
ʱԽ࣬Խ鷳
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˶ĹܼᶨģƫУľԽԽ̣
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֮ǰһֱûôѧҲûѼص鼮ݿ꣬ףľ̶ȵȹ򵥣䣬Դ
Ҫ󣬾ĥѣļľ̶ȣӡ
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һâҫ̸˳һּ29.1
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Ҫ˵¼һλʦµģʱľ̶24.7һʱʹﵽ25.71.0ûпɶԱԣľ̶ԽͣҲԽ򵥣
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ΣѲɾܹƼ¼
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ҶţƼ¼νʥš
ѽԶҲ̫˰ɡľǱģܿٽġ˽ʥҡͷ
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쿴
δ䣬һ˽ʥæ̧ͷ漴Ϳ29.1ֵζһ£գ۹򣬾ͱ29.229.329.4
⡭
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1696 ľ̶29.9
˽ʥɵˣҲԭأһı顣
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˵ʦ죬һѹȣ0.2Ŀ̶ȣɡǳ˶򣬶һӽһʱ⡭ʮһֵʮһֵôģ
һʦ3.0Ҳûôģ
᲻ˮˣ
̲סֹæȥͼˮһ˶ûС
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ԶأҲüëһҪı顣
ľ̶ȣҳ29.0ʮһֵ
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ʵ
ҲȫȻǿЦ
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𾪵۹Уеֵͣ
29.9
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ľ̶ȷտʼ죬ﵽ29.9޷һ޴Ĺؿ谭һ㡣
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Ҳ˵æԺµõķһᣬڻͨ
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һֵڿС27.3
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ܵˮڴݶѹȸУνʥ˫۽գϸնӴĹ
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ܿ죬͸ղŵһγ˹ɣֻǰߣ10һΣһӽ0.1

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Ҫ˵磬˭˽νʥ϶
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һ0.1
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æתͷӡ
ܳ˾޴ıʣ϶ͶӴڵĹйϵ
ĸˣҲԡ
֪ЩʲôһЦָٴһ㣬ղŵĹҲݹȥ
˽ʥæȥһᣬҲԭء
ѹӽô죬⹦Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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˵ʵԽԽˡ
ٴοӣ˽ʥ̲סЦ
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˵ʦҲѲɣżңҪһλȿʦľţ
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ɣҼҲûʲôˡ
ڸпǰӵ𣬼æȥͼһ29.9ֵͣζôһᣬӾȻ27.3Ŀ̶ȣ2.6ﵽ˾ʦļޡ
29.9ʵǴʥļޣֻҪͻ͵ӵ˿ȹʥľ
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һ㶣漴۾ȣ޷ˣ֮ᰡʹˣ᲻ֱ5.0˳ͻﵽʥ𣿡


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츳ͼߣ֮޷ͻƣΪӵǣңڶҵľ˽ֱһ
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ͻƣûκΣգ˿
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Ƥһ顣
ܹһʱܽ0.1˷ܰˣ˵ãʱڣȫ29.9ؼһƷʥˣҪǮ
ûôٵģ
ôˣü
⵹ǡͻƣҲǾĸɣһʱҵģǮˡ
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Ȼ˰ʱһ³λľ29.9ǿߣλͻƣҲһ޴
˵׬ˡ
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ʱףˮһϵûС


1698 صĵ
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ٲ֮ǰֻܽʦ֮Ѫ֮ˡ
죬סûôȥ
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Ȼ˸־ۼá
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Է˵Ĳ
ʦ½һǰ޷ͻƵʥģѾӡˣУӵͻƵĶҲûпܣ
Ҫ˵õ֪Լݣܻᱻ׷ɱ
ԸླںʥܶԶܶԶ
һϡ
أ
֪Էһģӹ׹ɻĿ˹
ⶫܱԷô죿
ң㲻õġ򲻹߻ġҡҡͷزϹٴο˹ղšҿˣ
ߣһ㶣
ҷֱ󣬾ûؼȻѲɣҲ
ҲԣԷӵо飬ʵླǿߣ˿˴£Ҳ
ǰǸŮ
ͣһ£ص
أ㡭û°ɣ
ͻȻԼУü
ûʲôֻǾãһɢû
غ覴õУŵǡ
żһ룬˭֪ᱻ͵δʱԼƣΣ
һˡ
İɣڣΣգҲһһɹ
ȻЩһΡ
ǰŮӸʶʲô£ںһŵģô췴˶ƸС
塢Ӱټңǿ߽УΣǱȻģҪ˵ɱ»ûôס
ȻǰŮ׺ʵڵ۹⣬ǳ˵˿̶Ҫ£
Ȼˣкη壿
Ըɣ˵˵Щˣ΢΢һЦĻŮپᣬöĸģɲԸҿ
⣡
һСȡ˹
ⶫǶ˹ͬõģ˵ֻ뿴͸޷


1699 ż
ӹĸᴥƬ̣µ˹
žǣʱڿǰ㣬һȥ
΢΢һЦ
Ҳû¶ԷŶԷҲȻˣ˭ţ޹ؽҪ
ˣɣֻǿ
ҡҡͷŮ˹
ҲãܹͣôѶϵҲˣ޷ϵȵĻңȥˣҲ㡭

ã΢΢һЦصͷ
һģһǰٴλص˻ԴǱ׵죬ƺŮߣӵ磬˵İ
Ȼ֪ŮĸоôԷͺʶ˲֪һͬǰԵ֣ôϤôȻ
ˣʱ÷ɿ죬֪һȥ
»صס
ŮͻȻеһζ类һɾ޴ѹ͹žɵĽҲܲס׷׵
ôˣ
һ㶡
ʦܽԼסȻεģʥӵûֹôУ
Ͽˡ
̧ͷɫء
æϿȥȻǰ̫Բ򣬲ͣ˸ͷų߲ʵĹâ
һͬʺڵ棬Ҫͨ
âҫܵѹ
á
ܵûﵽʥģȫеŨصѹæ赲
ҲͷƤըæתֵ
꣡꣡꣡
Ѻۣܵγ籩һ㣬յȥ
Щˣ𣿡
ܵܿŰסƣ˹
Ȼᣬ㲻Ը˵϶ԼĿԡ
֪Ϊλ˵⻰
ҡ
˵һ˲䱻׹⳹ڡ
ء
ǰһ͸оƣʧһתʧȥ֪
֪˶ãٴ۾ֳһɽĴǸߴֲͷ
ء
æܿȥûаӰ
ǿǶˡ
һ£漴Ȼ
ղŻסգ۹͵סƵŮҲˣǱһǿ뿪
룬Ҳ֪϶ǿ׿
ֻҪڵˣӦöѾ͵˲֪δ
ġʦ硯֮ҪŨ
ֻ֪ǱͣӦûʲôΣգڵģվԭأʶţһ£̲סͷ
ѹ֣˶νżѰһԵġʦ硱ϢȻҪŨľȻﵽ˾̾ĵز
ҲŨ֮ǰһбأ
ǡʦ硱ϢŨҲˣҪǣҲŨͬҪʵһ㣬㲻þƷʯֿܱٽ
ϸһ£֪ȫԷӳǿս˿һһѶƳǰ
оһ£εջء
֮ǰµһѶƹȻ޷ѶϢطǳһ㡣
ǹģ͵һ̡
ռζһ£δƿ
Ҳ޷ռ䡭
׹
ⲻܴѶϢռ䶼Ʋγɲ˿ռͨȻҲͲܴ
׻괩ҲҲͱҲã
Ƭ̺ٴ̾Ϣ
ǿżʵô࣬ЩĿռȶԣ綼Ҫ¡
һԡ
һΣԽϣеѹԽƺϱʱȥ
תþȫҵλãҲֲס

׹ڵϣҳһӡ
ϵĳվһȻ
żĿռȹ̣ϷĸӼ̣ʵȻɲҵĶˣͨ˾͸ˣ
ţȷɵУܵĻһȦҵ׼ȷλãڿˣ
ۣ֮
٣۹˸ܿȥ
ȻСʦ硱ϢڣôϢԽŨĵطȻǿڵأ
ԴѰңӦÿҵλá
ܿ죬תһȦ
ɫࡣ
ʦ硱֮ȷǣܵŨ̶ȾȻһġ
Ҳ˵
ԴΪ׼ѰҿĻ
ߣΪסˡһͼݣ
һĶһ鼮
ˣһͷˮû취ˣͬͼݣڰϪɽżôŻУ˳ҵǹλãһҲԣ


1700 
ëʸ֣ܿ콫ΧĻ˳˸򣬶дˡڷλ
ָһСˣһ
δ鼮

ɫࡣ
û鼮Ҳ˵ѰҿλϣͼҲã
ǵһ
գʦ½ʦ㲻£ǿʦʹĳֶΣ
׹ơ
ʦ½ǿˣҲв֪ź͸֣ʦµġ䡷˲֪ٴѣ궼û֣϶ֹռأзֹʦܵķ
Ȼˣͼݣ޷̽飬Ҳʮˡ
ͼݣֻҪ£ܣڣֲĵطأ
ԣڡ
ָһ㣬ĸָ⣺С㿴Ӧôߣȥ
ֶζãĸȻڣӦа취ɣ
ֻھʮڣҲܸӦҲ̫
ĸɵУŤһش
ܸӦȴҲиƣ̫ԶĻһҲΧ
ðɣʲô֣ҡ
һֶΣҲûãΡ
ʦ½ʲôУû뵽ͳ˱
ãżѡ񲻶Է򣬿ܻԽԽƫ
Ӧһ
ǰĸ򣬱ؿǣǧ³ç¡еĵͷ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ۾һˣ
а취ˣôҷ򣿡
ɻĿ
ǹ
һЦһǹٴγġ
ʶ򣿡һ㶣ҶҲʲô
ǿʦƳרѰҿģҲʲôһǹʲô
δ䣬ͼһǹڿеת
һᣬͣǹָһ򣺡ţߡ
һƶĵͷ

ǹ
Ϊʲô취·û뵽˲ʡ
Ǹҿ˴ת̡
һָһнźãǹٴαǰȥ
Ҳ򣬻ѡ
żڣŨһ·ǰУҲۣһᣬһϪǰһۣ̲סп
ʵľȻˮҺ
Ҳ˵̫Ũˣ洦Ի۳Һ塣
Ϊⶫ˼ɽˣû뵽洦ɼ
գ
ȻּҺѾûôŽԼľ񣬺öҲˣ˸ɸɾһûʣ
ԽǰУ˲ҩСģﵽǧ꼶𣬴ģ֮ãԶԶȥҩ˱ǡ
Ȼر
ץʮ꣬˷ܡ
ǿżû˵
ѹʦ½ǿߣУʦ硢һ˿ٽԶʤˡ

ǰУԶԥֱķ˹ȥ
ûǰ͸ıò
ΪʥӵǱʦͨ£ֻҪʦʶӦò࣬ҪСһЩ
ƹһ£ĵطŮΧһͷʥս
ͷǣ棬һӵнʵֻҪ꣬Ѫ۷ǿߡ
ŮʣµĶﵽѪ磬ûʦۣҲûʦ£ǲαװ
֣ΧˣǶ֡
ͬʥޣսǿΪ׼ŵıֱܶ࣬ҪǮĻټͷǣƺȱս飬һˡ
ָӣһ
ѾֵסȺһ꣬ȡ
ãʣ¼۾ͬʱŹ⣬ֱ裬ˢˢ˹
ڣǵֵסڵϣϾ˺
ɱˡ
ͬʱ˿˸ףһ£Ųһ˹
ʲôˣ
һ衣
ֻ·
æ
·
һĿƺûѾɱĽǡ
ҶͷʥûȤô衭
ǵı飬ô£һЦ
ԷսͷһնɱԼͳŲǼٵġ
Ҳҡ
ƺΪֻǸͨ˿֮ǰһٴοʬ壬һȡһ⵶˹ȥ
ܿ죬ʬݺצڵ
ܹնɱͷһҵĹҵõݺצӣӦûɣʣµģǷֵͺã
국


1701 ׻
ʥǿĲ־ݺצӣȡߣʣµģֵ͵ˡ
֪ʵ˲Ҷ˵ȫ˵ͷ
һᣬ޴ʬͱʸɾ
ϱＫ࣬ͷǾܲûۣ˵ԷɱϵΪʦ˱ľٶ
һʬķ䣬Ҳ㿴һЩŵ
ΪЩˣǱʶż󣬲δֿڿˡ
Ǽ໥ϣҲԼȡ棬Ǹ壬ʵò롣
λѣһˣǣżΧ֪йٸֺʥޣߣΣղ˵õöҲûõ
궫Ϊ׵꿴
һ໥иӦ
˵ǣּʥޣʦ½ˣҶҲһϣǶ֣˵ëƤʬ壬һǺò
Ҳͷ
Ȼһ𣬷ֻõٵĲ֣ܲסడ
һ˵Ļò˵һ٣֪ôġ
棬ʦ߲̫Υأżʥ޲֪٣ɱˣʬ壬˭֪ô£
ûκιеֻǵߺԡ
ʦסߣأɢأ
ͣһ£ͷã
ûλȺһҲݣ˻ɡ
ľľߣͬ⣬Ϊ꣬վһɰ
Ȼ
ԭľҵĸ֡
ʵҲǵĵƣ֮ǰδ
ȭ£ɢޣ
ԭ֣
ľס
ʣµļҲҽܡ
߸ˣλ߳ӵܣֻһλɢޡ
ɣ
ϣľкһˢˢǰ
ߵķ򣬺ԼղҪߵһ£ö˵
ʱ
ڼͷȽǵʥޣ뱩¶Խսһֱ͡
߶û£ΪֶΣ˿̼ʵһ㣬ȫûȤ̬Ҳٲ֮ǰô顣
ûʲôͷʥ޾ûķˣ´ʵ˵
ͷʥ޷ָľ
ΪʲôֶΣɢ޾ɢޣ
ɱͷʥޣû֣Ҫʲô

ȫ۷׷ס
Щᣬǿղʥ޳ֵķ۾ԽԽ
ͷʥޣǴǰһ£Ȼˡķλ᲻ǰ
뵽⣬ڳɣ飬ǰУٴɽֳɳɳ
̧ͷȥһͷ׻ǰ
ͷʥޣӵѪԲʵһ֣չ¶ǿѹһļ֮С
ҷ
ľɫһ䣬æȡ

Ҳйսľ飬ָӣˢˢվλãһֱֳ̬ء

׻ʱȻŭһ˻𣬳˹
һ֣ͷһʱչ¶˾˵צѹ֮ûһ˾ͬľ
ľܣ
ľͫһҲ˲ϵȴԮһԲεľܳǰ
ľҵı
꣡
ﾡ󣬵ǰͷ׻ʵ̫ǿˣצ磬͵һͳѺۡ
ۣ
ֵסľѪ磬ɶ
һ֡
֪֣пܶڿУͺ˳
õˢˢ
ֱշ裬âݺᣬԷëƤû̴

һȣ׻޴͵һת
˵ıȫڵأһɶˡ
ϣֵס
Ѫ۷ʥޣ£
ѵҪ
þȫԷëƤ̲ľ˿Ц֪Ҫˡ
֪Ͳôˡ
ڴҾαɵʱ򣬾ͼղһֱ͵꣬Ⱥ˳
ﲻܷУ·Ļٶ̫պ֡ȻԵ֣͸һλᣬҵ޳裡
׻ǰλµˣ
𣿣
׻ˡ
һûɣ
һλᣬ޳衭
Ҳȫһһ
ղʥޣûʲô˿ҪѪԲʥΪ޳衭
ѱʦ޳裬ͨҪüĸ飬ǩԼż֪ܿã϶ʱ⡣
˵ʵ˵ʱ䣬ǲܵģ
ˣǼֱΧնɱδлѱһͷȥ
һʵֻн˵⻰治±һ
ɻ񣬻ûȻ׻һצ͵ضԴ


1702 ׻޳
˻
ռ·˺ѣצû£ֱըͬڡ
ӣ׻ŭˡ
һµȸղŶԸľ˻Ҫ£ǾƷʥϣҲҪһ˺ѡ
꣬Ǳɵһ㣬һȻû˿
Ϊʲô֣û뵽˲ݰ
׻¶һ˿֮ɫצڶԷԴϡ
ˣ
죬Դըѵĳδ֣׻ͫצæջأͣĲ
þȫȥĶԷԴԷǵû£צӷķ顣
һ˲䣬֪ǰһǽʵʵʵԶԼ
𣡡
ͺһ׻תӡ
ʲô
˯ˣҸû뵽ֱǿ磡
һ𴲵Ʋԡ
Уȥ˯һᣬǰľӦÿԻˡ
żеʥޣûսҲĵͣϲ
þȫûԷԴƣǰһʵ֮ǿܹԸģȻˣ˵ز˾
𣿡
һƾҪӣԸһ˹ȥ
أ
׻ɳʮ׸ߣˤڵϣΰأҪվ
ˣң
ǰٴһϡ

һӺ
һξѪ䵽üģ׻ѱ
⻹࣡
¶֮ɫһڻϣתͷһۣһ£ˡ
˵꣬һ̤׻ĶƤֱ߱ǰȥգ۹ʧɽ֣Ǵδֹһ㡣
һѱ˳׻
ʱ䣬ʥ޳

ľȫĭ
һֱΪǸͭζû뵽ȻǸƽ
ôǿ
֪Ӧúú£һֱһĻܹջ񡭡
ϧղŽ˵ˣ֮ǰնɱʥ޵õĶô࣬һ㶼ֳȥܳ־ˣͲˣ
ǰһλᡭ

һǺڡ
ż࣬Σࡣ
ǿһ𣬽ӵиĻϧֻᣬҲûˡ

ȥЩ˵İûڣڰ׻ϣǰߡ
ʥޣ֪ڵλã
ѱǰĴһٴλԾ
ֶΣҲڣͷһģӦû֪ΧäĿתǿˡ
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׻
ü㲻֪
׻ҡͷ
ʵ֪ܣʲôأǲܹȥģ
Ȼǿ϶ǽأ֪طӦ
׻һ£Уǽƻأϴ̤㣬˸ˣˣ﷽ԲڵߣҪҶӦ֪
ƻһɻ
ʥӵʱоʥޣδⶫ
ǡһͷĸϻ׷ȿȣûɹ׻Ρ
ԼһףӢ˫ðȥҶԷԷأûӰӣͱβӳˡ
룬ö
ĸϻȻǲ𰡣
Ժţĸϻڵĸǿͺᡭ
֪е뷨ʵʲôʵ
µѪ۷壬޵еķǿһĲླڡʥ޶δܹ⡣
ͷƻˣʵжǿ
ླԲƬֵ֮һ
׻
ߣ
ţƬǿߣﵽ˲ླԲֻεʵѡ
׻ѣҪѰʲôǿ϶Ҫ
ͷ
վλԽߣ֪ҲԽࡣ
ȥҽƻ
ǣ׻ٶ˵Ų׼򣬿ǰ

ǰУٴǰ
ˣΪһҩĴ֣Ųͬʱͣ漴һ꣬ȵһͷ޴İ׻ϣ
ǡѪԲĳ׻
һ˭ôڱϣ
ѵͷ׻ѱˣ

ȫĿɿڴ˲սԶóһͨһı顣
ǲ֪ʱޱϵ꣬ƣĳϿңͬ־Ǻãͬ־ˣǼùңֻ·
˵꣬ڰ׻һߡ

ϻһ׹⣬ͷԽâҫ£ϵ꣬ͬˣߴĿ
ĸ˰ɣ

취棬Լʱ򣬶ԷѾѱһͷǿʥޣĴˡ
ʵϵĲࡣ
ˣҵҩĸҡ
ҵġ
𾪹ٴκŤһ


1703 Χƻ
԰
Լո뿪ٴΪһҩģݱһʹļףȻǺ˵ĶżΣգЩˣúϣɱɱʧ棡
𣡡
׻ͷ
ɣΪ˲սõŽᣬҾȽܵıѼ⣬û˺öҲͲˣ
ڻϣ¶ʥĹâ
׻ͷͻȻ׹ͷһ㶣𣿣
ܽ˵˹Լλˡ̫޳˰ɣ
أ
ˣϤΣٶҲ죬ΧʲôıѰľȣһķԸ
𣡡֪˾ã׻ֻôӦǰС
ò˵һԵεȷϤصҩʯĴ£ҵȵѼ˲֪ٱ
ʱԲٹڵĺöһѼϡ
лҩġҲʦ½ĿʯڼѱͷʥޣһѰҡ
û˱֮ǰˣȻû˶
Щһ⣬Ŵͷʥޣҡڣƻķȥ
³׻ʲôϸѯ˸ոѱļͷʥޣõĽȫͬɭУƻȷߣ˿
ǼȲҪǵʱһٶ
СʱҪطһץͷʥޣȫս۵ռ䡣
ླԲʥޣͬȼʦҪ£ڽҪʤҲδܹ
ԣշôʥޣ⣬ʵϳ䵱ƣ
Ҫ򲻹ˣЩһһųླ۷壬϶ҲܱסƬ̡
ʱȫʩչǿֶΣһٺɱ
յʥޣһΣڸߴĲľ֮Уֱͷ޳˵ķλܶȥ
ûƻڵĶѨǰнŲһݣһŴϣ͸֦Ҷǰȥ
ǰ˸ˣǰУÿжűǾ衣
Ѫ۷ǿߣвླ۷ġҲ֪˽ƻҪɱ
۾һ׹
뵽ץǿʥޣѯʿ䣬˿϶Ҳ뵽
ﾡʺҲ࣬˭Ѱҿ
ĻԵ
ʲôˣ
ڸпӢ۲СͼǰĲླ۷ǿߣתͷ߿˹
ղУϢûκãֻй¶һ˿ɱԷ
·
أһЦ˹
ʦΪ׵ĲླǿߣǸʮߣüдϡ
ǣ
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ѱʦ̫ϳϣƽǰʥޣ־ڱصãҪ֣üëһƽ
ҡ֣ɷ￴
ȻԷȵǣҲ˼
ֻѯʣͷƻľ巽λҵλƾ贫ĸӦܹҵص㡣
뿪򣬱ǲ
Ҫۿһüëһߵ
뿪
ͷʥޣѾǶ£Ҫңȥİɣƽ˰֣УҲŲơ
ھߡ
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֮ǰǳˣ
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ƽ
ǣ
˵ͷɻĿǶɽʱҲˣͷһӦѾ˰ɣ
Ӧˣ֪Ϣͷƻǿ󣬲ɵģڵһᡭ
ƽ
ţ
˶հ˵ڷϻڴ֮Уס
ˣȥ
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ֻû֣ˣȻҲﵽ˲ླ
ֻǸڰˡ
ˣʵʦ½Ҳкܴˡ
νʥҲͬʵѡ

˽ɽ
¡
սȥһ漴Ըٶȵ˳ײ˺üôͣвͣ³Ѫ
ˣûУֻӲƴˣ֣
ƽﲻô£һȣȳȥ

ȫɽǰվΣ͸е治ͣζһ޴ʥޣ˳


1704 ʥ޵ĺ
ͷʥޣʮ׳ġ׸ߣһɫëͳ׻мƣû֣͸һŨѪ֮
֮ǰĲʥޣܸߣս鲢ḻǰԲһȫɱ¾Ϣдž裬һ֪צµʥޣ
ܳΪһߣսǷϻ
ǵ湻ģﵷң
һܣƻ
˵ľȻԡ
żûˣˣ֮ǰĽǡ׻ֻ屾ܵԹͨѱ󣬿
ͷһȻԿԡЩ֡
ϻ󣡡
ɫһƽһȡ
ܹ˵ԣ˵֪ļ࣬ղŵֶûãѾǰ˷

ͬʱƻΧм䣬ÿϵϢƺ΢ϵϸӣһ֪󷨣ʹĳķ
ѹֲ׼׵ȻԸ˳ʤʵ
֪
⣬Է׼ƻһȣ͵һ˻޴һ˹
ӣ֪Է˴Ҫơ
ˣ
צûǰһâۻܵ˿ߴݹӿڡ
ӯйâʢеĴ𣬱ֱ¡
ռǱ˺ѣһγһ޴ĵӰ
䣡
צ͵Ӱƻ̲סһ
Ȼܽ˵һϣ
ͷ
ƾһȻǵסƻĹղŵ˿ߣ˵ӳһ𣬾Ͳһˡ
ʱڣս˲ླԲƻǿҲûƿ
Ǽʥ
ܳô˵˳ķӣɬʹõҲﵽ˴ʥ
ȻȲǹҲȣľǱ𵶲ˡ
ѹָҹңЩֶΡ
ûƿƻһɲ̫ţִβ͵һ顣
β͵ĹȻצҪͣһ˲ͻʱƣٴγڸղŵǰ
˳
أ
βͶײɫһף˼
ƻûϢʱ䣬һצץ˹
Ƴĺϻ󷨣֪ṹȱݣЧķץסһ֣ͷƻ֪㡣
ûá
ƻĶٶȺܿ죬Ҳܴۼ͵ֵסҡҡͷ
ʥƽ⣬ҲΪ֮ˡ
ȻĻδ䣬ƽһ˸ơ

һգ۹򣬿еϸǿɢϸ߱øӼ̣ǿ
䣡
һеıˢˢϸ߾ƻ˹ȥ
𣡡
û뵽Էı˹Чƻһ£æת޴ͷ­͵һ

ɫĽӿϸߴȥ
Ȼͷʥ츳Ȼǿ󡭡
۾һ
ΪͷһֻܹԹԱܣû뵽ȻܹĽʩչĽƽ˾дʥҲûô׻ʤˡ
ƻóԽѵΪûоȵľ
ɫ䣬ƽһЦָһ㡣

գ۹򣬿еϸߣıɫһҫۣգ۹лȼա

ӿеȼ
һ˲䣬гһͣȼյĻ׽ƻ֡
Ȼ׼ȫƻƵסˡ
һ£漴п
ѱʦ̫ϳϣȻͬ죬ʥ޵⣬Ҫǿ
ͷƻսҪΧסϾޱȣ޼᲻ơ
ϸȻ̣ɰʱƳ٣϶ᱻ˺ѡ
ǽԵǿ֮
Է׼˻
˽
һƻڵĽͱѹƣƣ޵УҲֵסЩ˵Χˡ
ȻСǿߡ
ЩаԾ衣
Ȼӵͼݣȫ֪ȫܣҪСģ̫Դ
ԼЩΧס˼ʥʬ壬Ҳûиõİ취
𣡡
£ƻƺҲ֪Է׼Ͻ뱻ͻȻͷ­ٴ
εǽǴתڷĳѶϢ
ʥ޵ĺȣѵͬ飿
ƽɫһ䡣


1705 ľ
㽫ץס
ҲͲסƽɿӿΧĻԽԽȣ
Ϊѱʦ̫ϳϣʥ˽⼫࣬Էĺкͬ飬һͷǿҪֲסˣһͷɣ
Ҳ֪Σһһ˲϶˵ӿת
ƻе֮һȻһȺļһץסȥ˵ģ
Ϸʵ漴һ޳Ӱɽ˳ڿС
ĵЩƣӾ޴ѪҲ崿ʵͽƻһͷʥླԲǿߣ
ľԣ
ƽɫһףϣˣ
˵꣬ƻϵĻҲҪˣڵһ㣬Զܳ
Ͻһ龰ԣĶҲˡ
һͷƻóðһͷͬľԣܶԿ

ӵÿ죬˾ûô췴Ӧˣһ£ҴҸ
ӷӦͿԿƽûѱʦ
ѱʦ޳裬սǿ󣬵ѱ޲Ǽ򵥵飬вͻԷķˣһΣգߣѱ˵ʮҪ
ѱʦᣬСδѧѱޣѧߣ˵
߶ᣬκʥ޴λսĥԷԣ
ҩҪץǣߡ̫ʰɣ

˻ûԶ̷ĺˮһͷ޴ʥޣӵ˳ӿУʨͷ¹ǣۡۡţβ
Ȼһͷޣ
ֻͷǸͬצһ̧ܾͳһɫ˶ڡ
û뵽ֶһͷʥޣΪƽܵôˣһɫѿ
ƣ
Ϊླڵߣг͵

ɫǽڣһƿƵĿ죬ǽĸ죬ʱڣ˱ס޷ߡ
֪ͲƽģҪץͷʥޡ
ȥ
ǺһʱɵĶ顣
ƽۼ˵Ҫҵֻһ·ߣдʥץʮþȡһ£û⣬Ȼͬ⡣
ζû뵽һðͷͬģû뵽λƽļһܱ˭죡
ҲӲ
˵Ʋͬƽߵķ̲סҡҡͷ
һһΣգ̾ӣµȷϣٶҲ죬Ӳ
Ȼδ䣬ٴɽһȸС

һͷķʥޣ˳ͻƿռһ㣬գƽǰץ˹ȥ
ܣ
צδڿγһǽڣ赲·ߡ
Իһףƽͣ
Ϊɽֻһͷƻ׼ץסζû뵽ƻľԡ롢Իգ۹ͳͷ˵е۷ʥޣ
ÿһӵбǿ󡭡
ô

еıҪļԻٶȿ죬ǿټֶμܹ࣬ģʱ䲻ͱһŻ棬ѹڵأҲá
ƽץҲʣµˣѲ
ץԼˣסƻǷŭĿԶڴЦľԣҧ볰Цͷ˵ƿ
ãƿ
ֹͣЦľתͷڤ֣Ϳˡ
ţţϳ
һɽڴˢˢȥٴοһ޴Ӱ˳
ٶȼӿӰ׳֣ߡ˷ӡ
ͷ޴ڹꡣ
ƻľԡڤꡢԻ롭ʥޣ
һΣƽɫһףӦ뵽ġ
˵Уʦ¿żȣרץʥѹ巽Ҳʥ޿˵ߡ
Ϊɢļôûϵɽ˽ƻϳ
ƻǰڤһš

һˮӿڻ֮ϣϨ𣬽ƻ͵һǣѨ
ϸߴʥЩϢ£̴ѣһء
ﾡǿ󣬵պ󣬽űˮϮѾ˸Ҳܲסƻɢķˡ
Щ˶ɱ㣬ôã
ľԿ˹
Щ˿϶ҪãΧһץ˵
޴ͷ­ƻڵ£ѣռõĲҪסң˵㣡
˵꣬صλÿ˹ɱڡ


1706 ƻ
ˣ
ɫһ䡣
ռصķоʣû֣û뵽ﱻҵˣ
ѲɣԷıӣôã
ɻ󣬲²᲻թԼͼǰĽƻһЦȻǾͱҲˣ
ХһߴĻǰһ̤һƿն
ŽԵһǰ֮⣬ûǰͽܵĿռ˺ѡ
ܽΧĿռȴռ䣬Уһ֪ԵԼˡ
ε˷״̬һ

ʱǼһ㣬֮յĶ˽ͣԭأͷޣ˵ֻ·ͣǲһ·𣿡
ͶԷĲһĿҲץƻ·
ֻǴʱ˵ͷླԲʥޣʵҲܶԶܶԶ
·Ǿһ°ɣ

Χ£㱻ץƻŭգ˿ķϻһȣ˹
ݺᣬγһĽ
Ҳ£ֻܲ˼ˡ
ԷȻţ֪ϻѾûãֻܿʵһһǹġ
ƣ
ü𣬳ǹһ

ȫ볤ǹ֮ڣ˲䣬ǹݺأͽһռѺۣ˷֮ľѣʯ顣
һж֮ǰŨܵɭ֣ȻֱӳһƬֱ׵Բοյء
ֻǽ
סƽȫһ
һǼղŸںˡΪֻǸСζû뵽ôǿ
֪ʵ£ʣµĴʥ޻ûӦͽƻץסˡ
Ϊʵãû뵽Ǹǿߡ
Цҡͷƽ֪Ѿˡ
ղŻţҪҪɱˣҿû֣ȻЩʥ޳УѾȫûˡ
еʵ
ȻҲû뵽һĽСӣսľһ£צ룬̲ס
ߣ
ոձץͻȻðһƽ֣ƻĿҪը˫۵Բǰצץأʡ֣Ͻɫëͣ

˻
͵صβУ¡
ռ˺ѣǸʩչĹӰ۶Щˡ
ÿ졭
ͫһ֪ڵӲ϶ֲסһڵżҾѪ̼

Էٶǰһݣ˶ԷķΧ
䣡
һӡ
֪ȥ׶༪٣˲亹һܡ
ȱæ
ôģˣ
׶ǿĹ˵ƻȻŭͣ뿴һﵽк̡
ʥΧţ桢ȫ϶Ӳ
ǱɱҪһƽľ֪ɷ񣿡
üëһȭ
ƽ
ʥ޶֪ʲô˼
ֻǽΪͽƻϣλҪ֣ˣɱѣӮˣλ뿪
Ǻǣ˻Ȼ
һǺΧ
࣬Ҳ̫СˣȲ˵ʵ㣬ƽҲмΧ
һʵ͸սƻľԵ
ӵϹ޵ѪͳʥޣΪɭߣȻԼĽ
˵ΧһԼʵ͵ģͬҲмһ֡
Ҳǲ֣
ƻҧ
ձһȺץˣһҪôˣٶԸһʵ󼶱ģԺʲô棬ͳʥޣ
Ǿͺá
ֻ̽һ£У취·û뵽Ȼɹ̲ס˿ͷ­𣬿˹ˣΪߣʹԼı㷸ɣ
бãƻߡ
һСӶѣһǹҲͺˣսӰ첻
һһλѱʦʹ޳սҲ㹫ƽɡ
ŵ
޳衭ߣеĻóǡƻ
ѱʦʹ޳裬Ҳûʲô
Ǿͷˡ
˿ĵ˵ͷǹǰһУʼɣ
ţ
۾𣬽ƻһ͵ǰ
ŸճһͻȻе̰ʹһǿѹ͵ϯ
깥ˡ
ͫһƻͣһ£޴ֱ̽ԭء
ʥޣǿľꡭһһ־ʩչ깥ôǿ󣬺޷֮£ȻһС


1707 ƻ
깥
Ҳû뵽ֻн꣬ľһ㶡
깥ΣƻЩ꾭ɱ¾רûѣ׼һɱ˵깥˼ླ꣬ʩչһξǼˣڶΡܣ
ڤƵ
һﲻ·˵Ҳ졣
ľԵͷ
ͷӵϹѪ꼴㱡Ҳʲô˾ͿԻƵġ
ο깥˵һǧ˰٣㹥ʩչΣ
䣬ƻͻָҽУһŭǰ
ŭˡ
ߣһֻнСһ깥͡ҿԷûû͵ϮȻҪˣк棬ȥ£
һ
ôָ񲻸ţɫףһҧƺȼʩչ
빥Ρƻҧ
һ͵ϮҲͰˣѲɻΪ˷󣬻깥
ͷ­һ˦ȫУҪֿԷ깥׼ͷϿգһٵʡ
ƺʲôϮ
ˣмˡ
ܵѹףԷղ˵ġƭˣɱϿա
æ̧ͷҪ͵ϮɶٴθеһۻľѹһѣΡ
һɫǼٵġ
һգƻ׹
ܼʩչǿ깥ôɫף
ǹαװġ
أ
ô£͸еһɾ޴ȻԴϣĻζ
䲻ʲôһ½ҳҲﵽ˴ʥ
ǡʥİש
ľһ
˼ֵĽԪʯڤҲһ飬ͬʱԽЩתⶫ½࣬⡭ש
ǿǽԪʯƷʥһ㣬ͿɱɴʥĳʯŪü֣Ƴɰש
磬ܸңⶫĸܼ
ʥ𺳣ש˷ܵ𣺡ͶȻŲҽԴַӰú
ԴѵⶫǸ¯ľͻȻݷᡣ
˭ң硭ˣ
аëǮĹϵ
Լɶû𣿻ԴƳúƻվԭʲô
ʥ⸱飬סƽҲã
磬Ȼ⡭
ΪһͷʥޣԳ˼ȴĽԪʯһ硭
ϣ
ȥܵ𾪣ٴεͺȡ

ľĽ𵶡ĳǹǹˢˢ˹ȥ
һڼ䣬һ̨ʱʱһ¡
ǡ
ľԡޣȫǰһڡ
ղһԴǵ˵ҪͽƻƽΪҪζû뵽ô
ˣʥıóһͰӷˣһ
ʦ᳤˽Ӱɣ
˽Ҳûôı
ؼǡôͬʱ֣ټ㡭൱λླǿΧӵĵ
ҪҪֹ
ѱĿèԻҲȥˡ
ղʹԼıɲʹãǶӦˡľΡ
ղѯʣǾãԷʿǱǹ
ڲ֪
ôʿ
ֱҪ˼ޡ
ôһླ۷Ҳֿס
㿴ڸʲô
һʥƣ֪ôʱ򣬾ͼٴһץ

ƻܣٴζͷʥޣͶﵽѪԲǿĴﵽ˲ླ
һ־ƻ˺ҧȥ
޳裿
ʣµĴʥޣٴζЩʥްɣ
ǣ
Ҳ˵ոտôʱ䣬ѱͷʥޣΪԼã
ľĲͣ£ʲôʱʥޣҲûнڲٺˣ
Ϊܹ˵Եʥޣѱְҵ֪١
ǰɭ֣뵽ڣ㣬ҲʱѡԷѱͷʥޣҲ̫˰ɣ
ͷúһ£ʥޣˣ
ľҧƻߵģôаǣȴûУɺͳ
ƻΪ棬һԷսôΰ¾Ȼ
δ䣬ͻȻղŻսĽƻͻȻſڵϣͶء
üһξѪǰ˹ȥ
ƻˣ
޴ϻſڵϣһ


1708 һ

ľӿҪڵأʥҲһı顣
ϹѪϡаΡеŶ೤ʱ䣬һ࡭
ûи
ˡ
ҧġ죬ľĿҪը
ߣΪס
ţ³࣬͹ˣô벻ͬΪߵƻҲôѱ䡣
Ҳݺݴ
Էʥͷʥޣֵģ˭Ҳ벻ûֵǺãͶˡ
ûڲٰ
ɣöҩˡ
ָһӹһöż˵ҩƻ£˿
ղĿģΪܹûͷһѱ
ȻֶξټϴָȱݺͿš˳
ʣµͷʥ޷Ҳ̫Ǳˡ
ұˡ
һץʥջ۵ռ䣬ҲսָſľԵޡ
СӣʲôԻķȻôʱ䣬ýƻΪɫѿľɱڡ
ʵǼٻһ£
Ȼ滰ľҧ
滰ǡʵǰˣƻսʱϳҵݣųûԥ
˵ͷԶŸ˵ʡ
ǰˣƨľĲûιȥ
ѣҵ
ǰˣզ˵ǿʦͶ̥أ
軹ǰүأ
ţ
ü
ãľԶĿҪըˡ
ռˣռİɡ
ŲҪըԣʣµͷʥޡ
ʱûãǲٺ㵥Ҫɱ㣡ڤ
úϻһŹ֣һ֣ɱ˵Ի
ǲ֣ҾͳˡҲǰһ
һ˹죬һ־ѱ˽ƻǶеѹ
Ϊߣ˭Ҳ볼
ǲˡ
ҡҡͷٴοǰͷʥޣҲҺҴģ
ģ
ҴģֻҪ˵һ仰ԼݣľԾͻ̳ˣ˫ֱ
˼˵һ仰һ᳼
ľԲûЦȷû
Ѫ߰˫ľԣɱԣҲܳ
˵һ仰ڵ˵һ䣬Ҳûã
˵ҲҶİɣ
شĻעܼ򵥣һ仰㳼Ҫҵݣͷʥޣң̽ԽƻԼҵɱ
ǳ㣿û뵽ĶԼľһ㶡
ҲңߣòᣬԼôûŰɣ΢΢һЦ
üϴܳ㣬ǳ㣬ҲûʲôǣһʵղŵĶԼ𣿡ߵ
Ǻദ˲֪꣬ϤԺƢ
۲䣡
Ҳ͵과ʦһ꣬ǳ
ʲôЦ
ϴ󳼷㣬ǿԳ
ʲôҵģϴ󣬾᳼࡭
ʣͷʥޣҲ̲סȡ
ʦһԣ׷
ǺãǴӦ
ʥͬʱͷ
⡭ľü
Է޿֣ôýƻѱиеЩ
ϴһ಻ϲӦһȳƻ
봫
ľԵƢԣ֪ʮֱ࣬Ρ
ȻˣǵĶԼٷ֮ٻʤʲôµģ
⡭
ͣһ£ľԵ˵ͷã
ʥޣҴƱԼŵġ
Ҳͬ⡣
ǾͿʼɣ
ͬ⣬˿΢΢һЦ׼ãҲй¶ˣֻܴоϸ
Ҳ޷˵ʲôҶ᳼Ȱ㻹İɣ
ľһЦ
ܶԷô˵ǣ
ʲôݣǿʦҾͲϿɣܰô
׼Է˵Щʲô
׼ԻҲڴ
İɣϴʮϤ϶ᶯҡ
һǹʱ䣬па֣ҶСһЩ
ۣδ䣬ͼһͻȻȥſ˵˼ڡ
žણ
漴Ŀһŵľԣ̵ڵϣɪɪٴοǰ꣬ףż
ľԣˣ


1709 ػ
ϴ󡭡ˣ
ѻȸ
Ի롢ڤȫɵһվԭأһ
ϴ־ʮԷ˵˼֣ſڵϣһ϶ûУһģ
ʲô
ˣŵƽҲÿҪˡ
Ϊѱƻ˲֪Ѫŵ˲֪ٱ£߸ˣǺķһʥʲôûõץˡ
һﵹã̶̼Ӿѱƻһ仰ľſڵϲҷ
ҪҪôţ
׼ɣ
һЦ
ֻҪ̺Ѫǿɱ
ͷԣ¼ߣӲ㣬֪ЩŹ֮ģԶ׼Ϲ
˵Էмƣ˭Ҳ벻ǣһͨ࣬Ȼ˵˵ԡ
벻һļһֶô࣬ǿߣҲֱӷֲ
ȻΣľҲֻýѪ׼
ǩԼſʣͷʥޣˣһ仰ԳԼʤͨԼѣûģҲûֶΣǲء
ҵȼϹ޵ѪԶţ
ˣϴϿ㣬ΪҲûʲô
ϣ㲻ҪǿһЩΥ¡

롢ԻڤΣջǵͷͬ⣬ԼľѪ׼
Ըķ䣬Էһ仰ϴǾҲ㶪ˡ
οӵѪڿż棬顣
ˡ
ԼΥ˿
ʵľԺͽƻʥޣʣµ㲻ͬ⣬ҲܴǳֻһЩ鷳ѡ
ǳңΪˣҲС
ȫշһܣƻ𣬽ŹϾ˺ܶ࣬ؼǣڵȻӴȴϣóűлɳˡҺ˵ȱݣԼӸʵȻ
˵꣬һЩԷϵȱݣԼİ취
ղһ֮սͼȻ̽©ڣѱ޾飬ҳ֮ʮּ򵥡
˵ƻȻеս˲٣۾Ź⣬ٴΰݵڵأóϷ
˵֮ǰǱһ٣ټգڣ޶ġ
ְʣ¼ͷʥָһ£޶е޴һ˷ܣм
ﵽླԲΪѪдȵı仯򣬲û뵽ȻǰĿռ䡣
նԷ˵ʥδ֪
˵ʲôߣͳһʥޣˡ
ˣЩô죿
ľһָƽˣ
ǶƻȻǷףͬ壬ﲻһЩ⳥ŵɣ
˰֡
ûǰ̽·ԼóȻ϶ҲᱻʥΧͲڵĽˡ
Էɱ޳裬ΧֱӷŵƻҲ޷
ǣ
ԼλˣϺˣʥͬʱ˿
ӣ󣬲Կˡ
£òͷƽˣʥ޵ѹ£ֻýʱѼıԼϵľżҩȫϽɣŵ
Űɣη䣬ԼУúñ֣ϵĴʥҲԴʹã
Щ⣬˰֣ýƻԼͬʱŵ˸ĵ⡣
ѱޣʹһأĿꡣ
ָȱݣʵԷŵԵĺô䣬ģ׳
Ȼ⻰ʥһһ˼
ǲӦ÷ɢôһ𣿡
ƽ뿪е˳
ݳ׻˵ߣɢ򣬸һôѵһɽˣ
룬ۣһԲߣػڣҪ׷֣ľԵ
ڣ
۾һѵǿڣɽ
ͷʥޣȻػòνڣɣ
ǣľԵ˵ͷʦҵץش˵أҪػڣҪҵǸӿ飡
ʦץü̲סɻ󣺡Ǽʦ
ʦʦ½ʧˡ
ʥ޵ܱҪǿҲܻôʱ䣬Ȼ϶ϹŶһѣ඼ⲻˡ
Ȼˡ˵ʦʲô˼


1710 ɳĮռ
Ȼʦ뿪ʱֲ
޴׵˵㣬ľһȻģ
ʱ䲻һֵ뷨ð˳̲סʵʦ뿪ã
Ҳİٶɣһ£ľԵ
Ȼȫһ
ղһ˵ʦץͲ²⣬ʱ٣粻̫ͬȻ϶ͻһѰ׹ˡ
˿⻰ȷ
ʦ뿪ʦ½ʱ㣬꣬Էİٶ꣬񲻱ʾʱ٣Աȣһһ٣
Ҳ˵һ죬ͻһ죿
ʱڹʥϣȫӳڿ˯ܻ
ԡʱ⣬ʱв죬ӦÿԿΪ˿
漴üͷ
ʱѾ֮ǰһ֪ˣҪʱʺȻͬ϶ܹԾȴ˿ûиоôܣ
ȲˡЩҵн
˼һᣬ벻ԭҡҡͷپ᣺ȥڣ
ľԵȴ·
ɽмǸ޴ĶڣҷһԿڻ֮С
ǡڣһ㶡
ôǸɽڣ棿
ҲʦػӦǰͨľԽ͡
ʦ£ҽǣ޼ѰЩʥޣԴĦġ
ü֮䶯һȦδʲôֻõ˵ͷȽ۵ռ䣬ǲͨȥ֪
֪ţԶ̽һץս۵ռ䣬һݣֱ˽ȥ
޷ջ٣Ҿȣ˵ȻûκӰ졣
һᣬһƵؿߵķӡǰһΣ˽ȥ

һ̣ͷĿѣѾһȻͬڡ
֮ǰʥڵĵطһƬֲ֣ïܣһƬɳĮ淺֮Уһ󣬿ͷ
һľԳǰ
˵ڣ
Ρ
ǰɳĮӦһ۵ռ䣬Ϳ˸Ҳϵϰ
Ѳɣߴ·
⡭
ǰĳľƺҲһ㶣ɻ
ӣδ֪Լޣһֱػں棬һ档
ˣɭ֣Ҷҹֻиղһڡ᲻ҲǿʦµĿ飬ҪҵֻܼѰڣ
˼һ£ľԵ
Ҳֻһֿˡ
εҡͷ
벻Ŀܡ
ƬɳĮӦú֮ǰɭһҵڲܽһ㣬Ŀ֪ڼĿռˡ
֮䣬Ѿ֪Ѱңѡ˸ԱϣǰС
ɳĮȣһӰûУ˲һʱһһ޾;ЩͷĿѣ촽ѡ
йŹ֡
վȵɳϣüͷ
ǵʵ˵ֻɳĮ֮УһʱҲκα仯˵ʧˮˡ
һᣬĿռ粢һҲ᲻ͣˮ֣ܣٴη𣺡ⲻͨɳĮ뾡ҵڣŪã
ȡ֮ǰսָҺһڣо˲٣ǰ
ַ˰ʱͻȻϳ˽ӡ
ĽӡѵѾڴˣ
ɻ
ߣŽңڵλãʮأӦ˷ֲҵңԶнӡҿǸղȹá
ᡭǰͽ˰ɣ
׷Ͽ
ԽԽ֣֮˸ŽӡĹ켣ǰӡ
ʱ䲻ȻһȺǰ棬ŰϢںʲôս
Լʮߡ˸ˣŲͳһʵߵĴﵽѪ͵Ҳ˽
һݷף촽ѣҪǵĶࡣ
սģһɳɵľˣûòϢǿȻͲླǿ
ˣȻܶ࣬ȴǶ֣ս¡
ƣ
ͬΪ壬Թۣ̳ģȫУ͵ǰһ㡣

ǰ壬ɳһ̾ͱᴩ˥һڵϣ±˻ɳ
лǰ֮
˼һǹͽ޷ɳˣȫ˿һ
ǡôģǱģټʱˣʵ
ǱĹâ֣ˡǰΪҪѯʣ
ȺλѪǿߣһɻĿ


1711 ɳ
⣿
һ㶡
˴֣ߣѱȺ͵Ѳɣÿ˴͵λòͬĿռҲһ
ѹ֣ص˵Ϣһ˶û֡
˲ߣһ˶ûУʱδʲô˿̣ʶ˲Ծ
ĻҪӡ
ղŵǸɳˣô£˼ʱɷʲôһĵط
ʵ
֣ǱСʦ硱ľȴսߵļޣȡȫ硣
ȻҴ͵λòͬҲƵڣֻҪ룬ܵһռ䣬뿪˵ء
ɳҲʱŷֵģǽйҪǰѾֲסˣ
Ѫǿ߲ڲһû֣;ˣѰޣҲ֪ҵûС
ޣ۾һ
ȻɳĮȻޡ
Ҫ˵ʲôطĻ£϶йأ
ղŵɳˣôģ
㣬΢΢һЦ˿˹
ûǴۣԭȡˮȣһͻȻ֣ǽй
Ѫǿߵ
ȡˮȣ
ü
ղҲȡˮΪû֣
ǰЩŹ֣ˮȵٶ࣬ãԽԽʣԽԽ
ѪǿߣһЦ
ˮã
ɻһһ«ˮģһڣȻоԽԽʣ·ڸµĻϽˮһ㣬ʱȼա
ͨˮջؽָٴȡ֮ǰڴеõҺͷһڣ̸еȫë״󿪣ڿ֮ɢ˵ˬ
ԭˡ
۾Ź⡣
ӣˮûκôõǲҺ
ǰҺܸǡȵ㣿
ȻʵҲǸ֣۲ˣղ˿ˮ촽ѣǺҺָ̻
ɵҲףЩҺܻڵ
ҪҺȻ
ܶ࣬˵û⣬ͻȻһȱæǸղ˵ˮʱɳ˶Բԣ
˵ͷ
ǽղźˮ龰ʾһ飬ǧܴϸڣɳˣǻ취ӳ
һЦ
û뵽ղͷһôһǹʹˣҪҵޣ˴ķΧäĿѰҿ϶УֻЩļһ
ҪԷҲֻЩ˵ķ
Ȼ֮ǰһһʱʲôû֡
⡭
˲ɵ⻰ʱӦ˵ͷã
ǴӦǹϵϢָ˿ͨ޶¡

Щ漴Ⱥеһߣһȡһˮ«
Ϊﵽ־磬˶пռָʳˮڴ棬Я˲١
˼ڣƺоԽԽʣʮŭˮ«˳ȥ
๾࣡
«ˮʽɳĮ֮Уǵ̵ķ֮У̵ڳ
䣡
Ϸʱ䲻˾Ǽٿ񱼵ͷ޴ɳˣɱ
ǲླڡǰһҪǡ
ɫһ䡣
λǰǽⶫģ࣬ȴⲻ
ģ
һЦ۾Ź⣬Ҳȡǹǽһݣֱǰɳ˳˹ȥ
ָſ͵һѹ

ۻ˲佫һͷڡ

ƺԼʶ֪֣ż޴ȭͷӭȥ
쫷ϯɳ
ʵܺǿ޲ߣɶ˵̫һЩ
ȭδƿ
ڶͷˣҲæҪͬ顣
һ°ɣ
һЦһֻƣ
žણ
ڶͷͬѹڵأá
ңǲ
סͷһһ
𣡡
ͷɳˣûĻŭ˺Χܵ
ߣǾͳһҵֶΣ
ԷԼ۾ָһһֱ˹ȥ
ȸ֪ԼʵȻ취ѱ
ѱޣõһ٣Ȼ桭ɳˣȻɵɵģӦҲɡ
ˣ
ΪԷһѵȴͷɳˣһ´̴Դͬʱζ

ɢ±һѻɳ

һ飬ľ


1712 ޳
ź֮ǰʥһѱһͷǴԼȥѰޣû뵽ôһǵû־ʾãˡ
ɳҲû취ָ
ԡ̫˰ɣ
üģһ
ΪһͬʥһԶԿû뵽˼򵥾ɱˡ
ԱЩҪСĶࡣ
ǡܲܣ취ͷ
һΣ˹
òʲôϢûﵽͱˡ´һҪע⡣
ðɣ
˵ͷ
һʿó«ûֱ˳ȥ
ˮɳĮͬȼ˰ϧûɳ˹
ӦҪˮС
˰ûã
ţεĵͷٴȡһˮ«ͷ˼ڡ
ˮȻãԽԽʣ˶Ҫðһ㣬ǿסеѣθУٴν«ӳ

ˮɳĮȻ֮ǰһٴܹͷɳˡ
֮ǰһླڣͬǻ۲ߡ
һٴӭ˹β̫ǿֻǽס
ͷɳˣͣʼƲ

ڽ
ҵ鼮꣬ĵزټϵõ׻ʦĴУѻ֮ľУ˵Ѿİ
ֻϣһʹðˡ
ǰɳˣͬһҲ޷

ɳͬ˺ҹԼԼһĵƻҫ
ǡ֮
üë
֮ǰ;ãЩɳЩɵû뵽Ȼʦõ֮
ѹʵĶ㼶ڣսҲͬߣܶࡣ
ͺ񵱳ӱʦãˣսޡ
ԡЩͨɳͨɳӵвླڵʵ
ͻȻס
ЩɳˣɵģʵȴӹɣȻҲܽʮˣĺ޻֮ˡ
֮ǰնɱ˺üͷ󣬾˱ͨɳӡҲ˵ɳĮ֮У֪ʲôܸͨɳ飬ӵвླʵ
δ̫˰ɣ
ڵ֮˫ʦ᳤ѧҲֻܸѾı飬û̬ɹ˵ӵдʥʵˡ
أ
˼ϵûأһѣͷɳˣٴαɳӣڵϡ
ǰһ飬ֵȷͨɳӣһܣ۾
Ͳ²һ
ȻЩǱ飬ôߣ϶֪ڵķλ
ֻҪҵ͵ҵĳڡ
ֻβҵߣ
ɳ˳ֵķӦþڵķλ
˼Ƭ̣Ȼ
飬ҪƷȻ֪һòãɳ˳ֵķ򣬱Ȼ֮йء
Ҹ
뵽⣬ٲԥˣ˳ֵķٶȥ
ʮӣͣ
ܵĻ֮ǰûκͬۻɳ
һΡ
תһȦûκ
⻰ȫǳ鴤һϡ
ҺǺȣǺˮ
ȶˣĻġ
ȻƣȴҲֻ֪иǰ󣬲߳طҲϻٴظ֮ǰĲ衣
ܿ죬ͷɳ˴һ˹
ͷ˵ϢԱȸղŵģǿȻͬΪླڣսȴһЩҲһЩ
֪޷ѱֻɱˣɳ˳ֵķλǰС
ʮӣٴظ̡
ɳ˳֣εľˣȻӵ˲ླڵս
Խߣɳ˵ʵԽǿ
ȷ˲²⣬۾Ź⡣
ǰУһ޷ȷλʹ֮ǰķ
ʮιɳ˵ʵȻﵽ˲ླڡ
·˾ͷû취ˡ
ʮǰʵͬһֱߵĻߣӦеĴֱλ
Ŀһ
Ϊý飬ȻˣֻҪƶĻԲȦɢɳˣʵͬ˵һ߾λãҲӦһġ
ΪԲĵĻԲһңֱе㣬ԲĵߣҴֱ
Ҳ˵ߵĵ㣬ֱȥѰңȻҵһ
ߣ
ȷһλãĵ㣬ǰȥ
֪ãڼֲסоڸɵʱһͻأ
쿴ǰһƬޡ
æǰȥȻһԶĿ


1713 Źֵĳˮ
޵ֻʮĶһˮĳǶУϵıʯҫ۶Ŀһˮߣ֦ҶïܣڳһƬˬ
Ȼޣ
ˮҪˮ
ҲͲסҴҳ˹ȥ
ȱ𼱡
üëһ壬æ˳
ʱǻ˵Ļһ۾죬ֱǰˮͺȡ
ǰʲôԣ
֮ǰλѪǿɻĿ
ȻǰλΪɳˣһֱûǺҺĵȷȷҵޣڼϱʵǿʲôҪֹˡ
ûʲôֻǾЩְˣ
ҡҡͷ͵ҵط˿϶Ҳܡнӡȴûټȥ
ڴֵ˺üʱҵޣҲضԡ
ϾܽģһУҲܷɳ˵⣬Ӷҵ
Щأ
нӡ
Ѫǿһ£æȥȻǰĻɳ֮УһЩǳǳĽӡֻɳѾЩˡ
̫ˣˮãͲˡ
޵ļˣ˳ˮ˷ܵغС
ǴŵˮԽԽʣûһôѿڿͣҪȼˡ
ԡ
Խʣʣµˣ˷ܣҲҴǰˮȥͿպˮˣ۾Ѫͣϲð̡

һҺǱʲôס˲ӣͣڵϴ
ԽðԽ࣬ƺʱȼա
ҡ
˵أոճȹˮˣҲͬʱ˵ϣԷһϲͣð̣ڳܷ˵ʹࡣ
ˡ
ɫһæǰָһ㣬һҪֹǰȼգûͶԷӴǰĲͣӰ͡һѣһ̯ɳ
⡭
ŵͬʱ˼һݷס
ǰˣȼպ󣬱ɻҽߺǣԽܡ
̽գ˱׼ֱӱɻɳô£
󣬱ɳӡѲΧôɳĮ˺ɣ
һ;ÿֲе־塣
ǰңҡ
һɻɳ¶ŨŨĿ־塣
ţżԵõôͻζûϵ˽ӽ
Ҳһ𾪣ʱЩʱ򣬼æ˸ǰָȥžӿڡ

һ룬̸еڣһȵĻ棬ڲͣƺҪճɻҽ
ߣ
üë˹ȥ
̣
һײ̸еһǿϮҪͬȼ
ƣ
ӿ˽ӲӣͬһƶĽɫϯ¡
꣬𣬶ܳܣԷڵĻ棬ܹŹ֣ȴ˲ֺ

ӿ֮£类ͷһˣһݷףݵڵأǸмлǰ֮
ÿ
˰֣ŻһܣˣطйŹ֣ұˮض˳ޣ
˵Ҳˡ
ʲôճɻɳͷûʣ£κ˶е֣ԡ
δһ˳ޣղűճɻҽļһǰϵɳϸ˹ȥ
˱ոɾ·ûʣ£ţ˿ʧס
ǰô죿
ѪǿǰҲоһᣬʲôûֻÿ
ЩҺø˺ȣ
һӳˮ«
ڴ֣Һ֮ǰȹ𵽽ʵá
ղŲˣɳˣѰȻ˵طҲûҪҴˡ
лǰ
ӹҺ˺£Ȼû֮ǰôڸһ˸м
ˣɳˮأС
ǰĳźվڱϣ˿оȣˮҲ쳣峺͸ղŽճɻҽĻ棬ûаϵ
תһȦδʲô⣬Ҳûǰһˮġ
ǰСġ
Ӵˮ˶һ
޷
΢΢һЦ
𣬶˺ãŻٳ֣ҲӦûá
ˮģһᣬ֮ۺʶɨһȦδ⣬üƣ͸ղЩһ˽ȥ
ǰ
ǰСġ
ɫףͬʱһ
֮ǰ˺ˮˡλǰҪǳ£Ǹô죿


1714 ɱ˵
ˮڣȻŽʵãվԭأ߶ȼУһڳֻ棬̴
Ƭ̣û˿仯ƺûκӰ졣
ٴվüëɸ
ֻ棬пҳԴ׽ʲôûУҲ֪ˡ
ѲɣͰϪɽĻȪˮһж˵ʲô
ǰû£
δð̣ҲûֲҺͬʱ˿Ѫǿߣ̲ס
û£˵ͷ
û¾ͺãղۿһˣֱӱɳӣҶˡҪǺһ·Ϊɳαװģ
Ѫǿߣ̲סп
ɳαװɳ
ͫһʲôæ֮ǰǲ˵˽ӽʱŷɳˣһˣ
ǣ
Ѫǿߵͷ
Ǵ뿪һ͵֮ǰûκΣգֱʱ󣬲żɳˣЩռ˵ˣܡ
ʱɳˣ᲻ᡭˣʵϾǱߣ
Ŀ˸
żʱųⶫûпܣǿߣʱҵ˵һƷȻɳˣ
ߣ
ȫһ
һ˵пܡ
ղλͬ󣬱ɵɳɳˣһģһ
벻ǣԾ֪ˣ۾ٴղűߣָһ㣬͵ɳӴ

˲䣬˵˺ҹ
Ȼ
˿۾Ź⡣
õطǰֺҹ˵ɳĿܡ
УһŻ棬ڶԷڣȼն𣬻ƺҹ

Ļɳվһ޴ɳˣֻֻнʵ
ѹ֡ɳӣӵвླս
Ȼ
֮ǰɻΪαɳӣǿսڿЩˣɳӣʵϣȴǻ˵ʬ塣
Ҳ˵սЩˣʵϣճɳǿߣ
һֱս
Ȼˡλʦʲôط
ô£ܿȥ
֮ǰ㣬ʦȻ֮ϣֻһ̲ݺһײ
ұ봥ɳ顭Էôʮϰٹɳ˽йģ
üġ
Ȼҵ֪˲ٶǰһ˲ԡ
λʦͲܽ⿪ţҵɳĮĳڡ
תʱϸˣڵˮ峺ףûͨ
Ҳ˵ﲢδֳڡ
ղ˺ˮճɳҺˮȴû⡭ճɳ顭⣬ȻЩˮ棡
벻ô£ٴνĿ⼯ˮϡ
ֻкˮŻճɳܱơԴˮֻҪŪⶫô˱ɻҽģӦ֪λʦʲôط
ٴνˮ𣬿һᣬûʲôеһ紵ԶĴ֦Ҷ졣

ʢһЩë˿΢һƯˮ棬ʱ䲻ҺһڻУʧ
ѵⶫ
۾һæǰһ죬һƬë
̣
̸еģƺһŻ֮ǰʱһ
Ȼ
һ׹
ѹ֣֮ǰ˺ˮճɻҽԼȴû¡
ҪԭЩëϡ
ֻҪ˴ëˮͻᱻճɳܵƣɳˡ
̽ˮʱëѾڻȻʲôֲˡ
ԭҵˣǡʦʲôط
ǰңյģӰûС
ƣḧ֮ϣƬ̺΢΢һЦ
û´ɣ


ľڷĴ£ζƺ⻰Ǻ˼
Ͼˡ
һģâһֱǰĴն˹ȥ
ȻϣǾն˵

ûʹӴ͸еһɼٵķֱ˹̧ͷһһ֦Դ¡
֦ٶȼ죬ȻླԲǿߣԿ⣬һΣ˹ȥ
ಣ
ƺûзŹ˼ʮ֦ͬʱһ糤ûǰڿռһڵѺۡ
ǿ
ͫһûЦı飬ָһ㣬ܵĿռ类һգ۾ٵ
ԷʵȲླԲҲҪСģ򣬼пܻᱻնɱ


1715 
˫ܿ콫֦նϣǿֱ۷飬̲סˡ
ڵʵܺͲླԲ⣬෨Ļǲǿ߲١
ಣ
һ֦ƺʹܿ죬֦ӿ˹㣬ÿһŴʥزླԲΧĿռ䣬ѹ죬ƺܲס
ǰ
û뵽λǰŲţһˣȫżҪæ
Ҫ

ⲻסЩ˳ֻбɱķݡ

δ䣬ɳ棬룬˳ϯ
롭ˣ⣬ĸ룬ɳĮø룬ڽ飡
ⶫȻ
ǰߴ󣬵ӵУʥشԲʵȻӼԶʮٹ飬пܾⶫΪ
Ȼ޷Էɣ
࣬ҵֶҲ١
Ūô£üīһ

ͷߣǰһɢǿϢõͬʱǰĴ˹ȥ
⡭
ǰȻôʥޣ
ÿһǲླԲ
һǶǶ֡

սˣַųô޳裬һĭ촽
һߣһͷ޳Ͳˣһô࣬Ҹǿ󡭡Ѿ߹λǰˣû뵽ǵ͹ˣ
˵Ӿʵ̫ˡ
˲õģ
֣߳Ȼû֮ǰ磬ȫѹƣսƬ̣ԻһУ졣

նӳյ͸죬һ棬ɪɪû˸ղŵơ
ȻһͷųճɳëϾľͬη
ܣ
η壬Ի棬ܿ죬ľʼɣ͵֦Ҷÿݻƣû֮ǰ
֪ʶң㲻򣬽ڽӣ
˫ֱ
ѱ޳裬ʥ֮£֣޹ؽҪˡ
ǰŴɱߣҸɳ飬ƾͿ֪϶Լǻۡ
ȻˣȻΪá
ҳΣ
䣬һݹ
Ǿ
һڡ
ܣ
Իɻ֮ɫǰĴ˹ȥ
죬տĴޱȣ𽥸ɿݣȼա
һᣬͱ˻ҽ
ţ
ȼգü棬𣺡룬µȫҾϣҲղ
һΣɳĮ漴˾Ϳһ޴
Ի˹ȥ
һƬ𺣡
ԻɢĻ棬ȻȴҲػ˿ˡ
ȼѪĻȣʥڻ
Ҳ࣬ˡ
գû΢ݶžǿ

ס
һѣҪҪôй
ûˣڣԸҲûˣɰ
ԣ϶յҲ޷նɱ򣬲ǿ
Ŀһ
ֻһǣҲܺʦһعأ
֮ˣӦʲô̺͵ƣ֪ƾգǽնɱġ

ͷԶĳˮ
Ļ棬ȣڵˮȻûʧֺ
ڤ꣬ӵˮԵڵˮȫߣҵҪһֶܼ೤ʱ䣡
÷ϻٴε
ǣ
껺˹һš

ˮһ㣬еȥ
ܿ죬ʳɾ¶һϸСͨ巢ףһĸо
һץ˹ʰһģԻյľʧȥ˸ζһ£գ۹ͬʱ˻ɳ
ȻǱ塭
һĻﻹס
֮ǰĴǼٵģֻǱ壬ѹֲֻҪҲͲ
ˡԴղƳú
һ˳ȥԴԻԼʥޡȫ˹
Ҫɱҡ
ôǿڣͣһ£ҳԸ⳼
ץҲˣֻҪڣľڱץУٲҷϻˡ
⻹࣡
һﱻץס壬û֮ǰӲŵ˵ͷ
ܿǩԼ
ɳĮǿߣֲѵףһ̣ͱ޳衣


1716 ѩ
˵޳裬׼ȷ
˶Էʶ׹
ⶫȷǿʥޡ
ǿʦõڴ˴һģɳ֮ľֻҪ㹻ԽӴжȫɳΪԼá
࣬ʥޣԡ
Ʋ˼ͷɳˡ
ڵͷླڣǼޡ
ΪˣͬԵˣҲͷླڡ
Ҳ˵Կλླڣһӣ϶ġ
ʵǿ϶ԽԽǿ˵Ըˣһ
˵һúˣߣҪǿ󣬱ϾֻҪʵԼˣܱɻɳһ˾ˡ
Ȼɳ˵ʵǰôǿ󣬵ˡηֻҪܹԴԴϵ͵ԴԴϵͬϣԻͷ۲ѡ
Ըӱ
һ
Լţô󣬵ӱĻսٽһúˣ֣ܳ
ϸ˵֣ӱˣսʦáʦͬӦҲˣֻǲ֪͵ĸѡ
Ӧиڣʲôط
Щ˼ѹȥǰĿɳ֮ľ
һ֮ǰδɱˣ֮ǰǶԸģ顣
߱ɱ֮ƿʦҲ
ڴ桭
˵һɳ֮ľʰŤһ¡
¡
һζɳĮͬʱʧǱʲôߣ˾Ϳ֮ǰڵĵطһŻķӡͣת
ԭɳĮĿƣѹָӵκν䡭
˿ȫսָתͷˣҪŻԸţһȥԸ⣬û˻ɳĻ磬Ӧúϲ٣
ɳʧû֮ǰȣǰĴһŨҲˡʦ硱Ϣ
˲Ը⾭Σգ϶ҲܿٽС
Ըǰһ𣡡
̫Σˣܲá
ֳܿееߡ
ξ񣬻ǿǺپɣͨһֱʱ뿪Ҿˡ
ٶ˵һݣŻʧ
ЩˣֻƼˮ꣬ûཻ̫飬ܾһΣһֱչˣҪõĺôĻԼκ˶ûá
οҪѰأšԬΡκ̵ȱץˣ϶ҲˣҪȥˣûʱһȺϤˣա
뿪Ѫǿ̲סҡͷǣղܹһЩλǰ󣬿ܽôջ񡭡ϧˣ
ղǸ꣬Ͳ󣬵¹żΣأ˵϶ҲӵмĻ
ں棬ջһЩҲضΪڵõĶࡣ
ˣԺûᡣ

ȥ˵뷨еܵĿռٴŤһ̣ѾһƬԭ
ǰεľ飬û˿ţǷܡ
ʹƣеԽߣѹԽ󣬼ڵʵʮ׾Ǽޡ
ȱԭҪ䡭
˷ǺͺĻѩͣϯǿ߶ּ·ĳ嶯
ǿҪѰҳڲУ
εҡҡͷ
ΪżֱҵλãУڿȻûôס
ͬˣǰ滹֪жڵš
ߣɳĮпɳ֮ľ϶ҲĵĶֻҪҵǳڡ
˸򣬱ֱǰȥ
֮ҵѩеģǽʦ½ǿߣҵЩȷλ˳ҵڡ
˰ʱȻһˣڻǰС
ǿߣ
뿿ѯһ£⴦ԭк⣬һͣ
ǰȺжʮ֮࣬ǰһĸߴɢŨҵɱ¾֮һ֪ˡ
ˣϢﵽ˲ླȻľ˱ȣһأڶ֮Уϸˡ
ʣµȫ࣬Ǳסˣҷޱģǰ
㣡
ǰˣһȣ˸ϡ
Ӧһֿⱦ
Ѻŵ࣬ޱ飬Ǳһϸǣü
ֻһֿܡǾ˵걻ˣȻôಽ
زز
漴ȺУһϤӰӡ


1717 ټ̳
ƵĶʮ֮УһŮİˣЩǱȴ˿ȥ뿪ǺԶʦѧԺˣλ᳤زز
ززӵʦܲõȱĴУ²Ȼﵽʥ۷壬񲻻Ҳֻһ֮
ʵʦ½ܹһͲôˣܵĺӿ΢΢ɫЩ࣬ûˣȴЩήҡ
ߵˣΪҲ̫ߣʥصľʮʣµĶڼ񲻻磬ˣͷླ˵Ŀ£û˿
ȻˣżܵĿռ䣬ĸں档
ͷླڣʲôֿնɱ뿴Է˹󣬵״ʲô
ں棬ʮӣһ⻬ıǰ
㣡
ţм˱Ѻ͹һϰλ壬ְҵ
м䣬ǸԲεļ̳ܲ˸ָ졣
һͷڼ׵ˣվһָ࣬ͷ˵ơ
ЩѺ
꣬ڼˣһС
ȫѺ˹ż̳ųһȦʱŷ֣ϹȻһϸţΪȫӡ
ѵ׼
ɫһ
̳֮ǰΣҵļλߣʹù׼񣬻֮ǰõǱνЩʦְҵץѲɣԻ׼
ֻǡ׼Ŀʲô
ѲɣΪѰѩĳڣ
ֻǳڵĻûҪ˰ɣüͷ
硢ɳĮ磬ҵڣҲЩˣֻҪҵڣҵⶫ̫ѡ
ôΪۣȫûҪ
ҪĿģΪ˴䣬λöûҵʹɱ¾𷴵֮١
Ȱ˾ȳ˵
ȻȻ鷢οлкززˡ
ܿȥླˣʮ֮࣬ѪģʮʣµȫʮЩ˲Ϊ壬նɱΨһǿĺڼˣҲֻǲླڣԲһء
ӡΪϸߣӦǼʥóȻĻһززˣпܱնɱ
üͷ
Щˣ㲻ʥޣսҲնɱɡһ©ǵ޷ˣŪûὫ˺ˣܳһ©
ͨռݣѼ󣬲һ˿һҪƷúã
ڼ˼Ը
ڶˣһڼ̳档
˹ȥϡеʯʥ޵ѪҺķģָ鵤ҩ֮Ｋ࣬ҵʮ֮һˡ
ͨռݣѲɣǿֱӽ
ԷĻõüͷ
ЩԴ˵Ҳǿ˷ѵģҵڣȥң̳Ŀģ϶ǽһô򵥣
Ⱦ˵
֪Ҫ̽Щ˽ս֮ǰҪȽ˾ȳ
һ£ıòһҺ棬ĳȥ˿ռһһͨľƷʥġ
ֱӳȥ϶ȲˣҲѴ̳İأԣõİ취ǺͺززһȱץȻƽ˵ķӡɱսͻײ١
ʼ
Ǹˣ˲ü̳պñ֪ˣüë͵ǰȥ
һ磬ģںϳһֱߣڼ˵ıĴ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ̣ϽӲӣȫתеһӡ
͵ϮޣʵֻѹƵͨˮ׼Ҳûʹÿռʱ⣬ٶȼ죬ڲླǿУɲ
һ©֮㣡۷壬ѹ֡
ڼߣҲתָ͵һ

һϢֱŽײʩչĽ֮һײ˸ְϣ˾޴ǰֺ
ƣ
һȣ͵һ¡
̣
γʮĲʺ磬գ۹һγһֱߣڶԷϡ

ƿǰ塣
ţȻЩֶΣ
ԼһָȻһƿڼһ£תǰһ󣬽ָ⡣
ܴô˵ߣ͵ϮңʵȻȻ֣͸°ɣ
һЦڼ

׹䣬̳ΧĿռ䣬̼


1718 ץ
ǿ
αװòɫһ䣬г͵һףæˡ
ֻó۷ʵԷɵҲͲ֡
ӵõ𣿡
һ˹һߣڼߣĵˣһѹ֮С
ƣ
ָһ㡣
¡
ƷʥĳڿըһλʥǿԱڼ˵Ĺ档
Щڿһ̤λһԶܳ
ͣס

Ķܵˣ׷óҪ֡
Ƕ֣һ˼ң
Цһ£ڼǰһ磬һ
ƷʥըܲԲླǿ˵ʲô

̳һ޴ƣڣܶ
ɶ񡭡
һѪʹĳѪϢ̱һأԷĿռײ˹ȥ
ڽǲͲླǲ̫ˡɣ

ڼ˫һϣûͻƣм䣬ǱסзѲ

ٴһץƵķɵǰɼ
˿̵ɫףѪȼչû˷֮
Ҫɱɱ¾һüͷ֪Ѳһڣһŭȡ
ɱ㣿ģԶһʱ䡣ԽʦԽ̳Խǿ֣㹻ˡ
һЦڼָһ̷ɵزز˸ǰסһ룡
ǣ
ͷһץ̸еһϸסԼţȫڣҲʩչ
Щü̳
㲻Ӧóģǰװ
ȻͲ²һץ˿оһϸߵʲôһ̾Ϣڶ
˵ǲԶһλߣ񲻻硣
λǰ֪Ū̳Ϊʲô
ǰˣ̬ѣήң̲סʵ
ͨ룬ƿռ䣬ѹ
Ϊ⣬޷
ƿռ䣿һ£ѩ粻гֻҪҵڣͿ˳Χõô鷳
ڣһЦгڣڣǽ˿ģ
ˣɻĿ
Ӵ磬ɳĮ磬Ȼѩ硭㣬Ӧú¥һֻҪ߹ӦĲͿ϶ܴﵽλá
һֵһÿֵӦһͬ磬Щ磬гںһֻߵĻ紩ԶҲλã
ߵѩΪճڡڴĻͨ󣬻ٴλص⡭
ס
ΪֻҪٶȿ죬磬Ϳ϶ҵΧζû뵽Ȼһġ
˵񲻵ԭתȦ
Ӧܣʦ֪ܲɣε֪
ɻĿ˹
Ϊ峤ʦʥӵ֪ЩѶϢʦҪ֪϶Ҳǰ˵ˡǰߣ֪ôϸ
Ǹղλ׿˵ġҪճߣΨһķͨ׼ƿռ䣬ֱӽֵλã
ߵ
ֵ˵ûд޷𣿡
˶ƿռ䣬ֵνĴʲô壿
Ҳˡ
ûдȻȥֵֵ棬ܹģǿΧŨ°빦ңֵ˱ʹⶫʵ뿪ֵͻᱻߡԣǿߣΧ˵йʥ
¶֡
ʥΧ
ͫ
ǰܵƣȥðܽȥģһ뿪ͼп⵽˵ʵǲΣյĵطЩͨߣǻˣǵطҪȥˣֻ죡
ЦˣһͱɼƷ˵ٶҲãʡɣ
ţ
ͷ𾪡
Ϊʥǿﶼû뵽ܹΧҪˣȷΣպܶࡣ
֪Щ᲻Ѿ̽磬ߡѾǿߣ˷ֵΧ
һ뷨ð˳
ˣûšκ̣ҲûӰټңصˣȥ
᲻ᣬѾֵΧ


1719 ̳ת
ӣҲüӿˡ
תѾġʱˣҪ˽˷ֵƱͱɾ
ӿٶȣܼҳڣڣùˡ
̧ͷˣǽֱķʽڷţѾӽβ֪󲻵ãָסŵϸһ
ˣ
һһζͼһ鼮ͻأ֡
æ֪ʶԺ
ԻܹסʥླԲʥ޺Դڤ㣬ڵɣ֮ˣླԲѡȱݣ
ݿһ飬лȻ
֮ǰ²һס˵ģȻǴʥҪûץֱӶԺڼ˳ֵĻ¶Էǰһزز˾ͻȫ¾һʣ£
Ƚⶫ
һ֣֪ȱݣ㡣

һ׻ϸһƿķӡٴγͨߡ
δֳǿԶߣȥǰ벻ߣ˳նɱЩˣ
һ㶡
ܹ˵Ϊû
˵ҷԸУһһᣬҿͷϸߵλã˵
㣬ĵ˵ͷ
Ҫƽ⣬סǵҪʮһϣһᣬ㽫Ǳߴݣ
ߵָһݹȥ
Ҫƽʥֻ취Ϊãķͬʱʮȱݣ˱ڻжֻܽǵ֣ʩչԼ
ã
ӦһԼΪǰݡ
õˣտʼһ㶣漴Ĵ
ǻΨһᣬû˷ϻܿʹ˴Ȧززǰ
㡭
͸ܵڵززԺ̸ֳһòһ̲ס˹
¡Ȼһ
Է֣΢΢һЦ
һĻӦðȫˡ
Ȼ뿪ԶѧԺȥ˾ʦᣬλ¼֪ٵġ
̶̼£ڴ½˴͵λԳ֣ô£
ˣλҿһ֣һҪͷ˵λã˿д
֪Ѿϳݣȥüëһʼ
˵ָ꣬ϸϣһ㡣
õˣҲˢˢ䡣
ˣ
ϸ߻ζһ£еԻζһ£ݶ

ˣһ˹Ͱæֵ
Լݣٴǰ˿ȥ
Ǽã˴ʮӣͣ
Ȼƣ˸˷ܵĹâ
ˣ̳Ѿúˣʱһͷ˱ȭ
ܺã׼ʼɣ
˵ͷڼһһͬģľʯڼ̳м䣬ˣ𣬹âֺ̳ʼӣȫ֡
ѵǣرѩı
¶ɻ
磬صߣɳĮ磬صǿɳ֮ľ
ѩ磬ûҵڵλʲôط侧ʯܵĻϣܵӦúߡɳ֮ľЧͬ
Ȼ֮ǰ磬һĿʥޣֲȻҲпǿʯ
ˣ
̳ʯԽԽǿһâҫգϷĿռ˺ѡ
磬дʮҵĽգâյλãͣƴ˿
ȼգ
ɫڼָٴһ㣬̳ת౦ǱȹϣʼڻɢӾ޴
Щļӳ£âƿĳϣ֮ӡ
âµĿռ䣬һڵѺۣɲѩ磬ڲͣζҪ̴
ǽռƿ
һ
ղһֱ룬ôƿռ䣬ҵλãζû뵽õַ
ԭ֮ǰĽգһָȹ̵Ŀռ䷨򣬽ƿܽνķֵ

̨ϵıԽԽ࣬ĹҲԽԽߣܿ쳬ʮף
ʮף
ʮף
ʮף

ʮף
·յľͷһӡߣˮһʣâҫۡ
âˮưķӡϣҲƲ
һ޴֣ƺں档
Ȼǿ
Ȼٴο̨
˿̣бȫĴâʼ˥
׼ãЩ˵ͷų񡭡
ƺ֪ڼһȡ

һͷߴˣ漴һŹֵıϿա


1720 
̣ʵĹףס˵ϸһӴȫеһ飬ҲƲס˳ϸ߾Ϳӿ
ѵɱ
ơԻնɱͣ
ΪԷν׼ὫһٶλȫɱŸıץһᶯ֡û뵽ֻǵ
ȻûΣգҲֹͣ˾ٶװƣ˵ӿԻ
ܿ죬γһԲȦ
ˣ
Իҫҫ۵Ĺâ͵Ľϡ
¡
̳ϵĹȦһ˺üǵõ˵ӳ֣ԸǿϢճȥ

ӡڹâײ£ˮûƿ
ڼ۾һתһģһ
Ѫӿ̳
һ˲䣬âʤ
ú룬Ѫ׼ףƿӡ
ɬ̳ϵĹâӻԻ͡ҫۣһ޴Żǰ
ŻɢǿϢʵоᱻѹ
ٻ񣿡
ͫһ
Ҷ͵ʹùһΣʱΪͣû뵽ڣ²Żеһ

Ż򿪣ϴͬһӰǰ
һ֣ѹĸоﵽ29.9ľЩȡ
ֻǱӰǿһתƲ׼˾Ͷֲס
ǿ
ɫף彩Ӳ
ʥǰԱȹʥǿȺ˶Ҫ£
ƺҪź߳ʦ½ܲסѹΪɻҡ
ֻǡӰϤ
𺳵ͬʱϴϤĸоٴӿͷ
֮ǰṬҶٻʱ򣬾ִλ˿̣оٴθԺ֮ȥ
˿߼䱻һ㣬Խȥ룬Խģһᣬʲô벻ˡ
֪벻ᣬϿȥ
֣ĵĸ죬Ƭ̹򣬾һݲ԰ס
ܰƿռúĺڼˣٴεͺѪӿ岻ͣ

Żһâ˹֮ǰ̳޷ٵķӡǺ㻺ڻ
ۿɼĳһͨͨ
Ӧļ룬ˣ
л񣡡
ݵڵأú̬ȳϿҡ

ŻɢӰʧúվһܣֻͨάʮҶҪ죡
ˣЩ࣬ǼҪҪ
һͷˣն׵Ķ
ӹʱҪʦ֣ĸɾҲڲˣҪ֦ߣ
һúһݣƿķӡȥ
ɡ
Ҫ뿪ԸٲΪֱһһץ˹ȥ

ףһץ֮£·û˾룬ָڶԷĽϣϳʱ˥
㡭Ϊ
ͫһúֻ岻ͣ׹䣬Էϴݶֻǿеĳһתæն䡣

ռֽŰѣԷƣȻû˿˼ú۾һӴ

ĽڶԷϣðһĻ𻨣Ȼӡû¡
ôܣ
ͫ
ȻûﵽʥȴҲǰ벽ʥı˵ͬĲླһն䣬Դϣ˿ȴһۼûУԷʵ״ﵽ˺־磿
ա
֪ƾ϶ʤˣԻץ˹ȥ
ֻҪʥ֣ԷǿҲΪ塣
գͨƬ̣ûһ˿Ӧú뼱æȥͼԻ֪ʱѾڶԷָ⣬ߡ
㡭ҵķ
ը
Ϊ˽ӹⶫʹãҲֻδ˵ıôһ¾ͳԷˣ
Ǻǣ
ٴһ㡣

Ի̴ӡ
ҿߡ
Էʵǿıú֪ƾǿ϶޷ʤˣæ
ŷ֣ѩ㳡ϣ֪ʱðͷʵǿʥޣԼļʮˣ˿ѾЩʥɱ߰˰ˣûһˡ
㡭ۣ
Ҳ֪϶ǰΪúҲ̲סһѪ
գ
֪һﻹãѯʳϢһս۵ռ䣬Щһץ̨ıʯҲսָ
תͷˣ̫ΣգûȽϰȫ
˵꣬һΣֱϷͨ˹ȥ


1721 
ȵҡ
ûڣ·һžͿһ欵Ӱٳ˹һѽס
زز

Ǳˣλˡزز
λѣΣգ㻹ɣһҪŮȥ
ղź߽ķֵ岻ླǿߣܹʥУΣأұ֤ܻܲһʥأΪã
αװòԷҲ֪˭
붯֣ԷҰȥҾܵżң˵Ҹ𡭡
ۣ
ǰһڣûιȥô֪ң
αװ޷죬ʥδܹһֻʥ۷壬ôֱϳԼ
ؼǡҪܵż¡
ںԶѧԺֹìܣֻʱС񡱵ԼѾͷôǳɣ
ԶԷĸԣ»ɵĳ
֮ʥӵʦҪһŮܵַ񣬹ƶûˣ
ؼǣ˸ô죿
Σգ㿼ҪȥҿԴ㡭
εҡҡͷȥ
Ҫȥ
ززҧ
ðɣ
Է֣֪˦һץ

˻âƿķӡ˳ȥŸʧӡͻָĿռҲ¼Ӳ²ླǿߣҲɲȥˡ
ǰһлָ֮ǰץˣȫվ
ΪɵģЩ˱ɱҲˣһʱ䣬ã
ǰô죿
ˢˢղź˵λߡ
ʵǿҲзȨ
˱ɱΣգҿǻǾɣȻ뿪ûֻˡ˼һ£ߵ
˵ʵǱߣӣҲҹȥȻˣȡͻơ
ǰ
ҲȫȻ
һΣգ֪øԶֻẦԼ˲پᡣ
¡û뵽ʦ½ˣԺʦˡ
ٴοжʧĵط߸пһ䣬δ䣬ͻȻһ½ס£Һˡ
Ц
£Ȼһ񡭡
֣ټһ
ֻҪǸˣº󣬶װɡ
⵽֪أǲ֪㣿
ܴ˶ݣԺ󣬿϶ҪΪżЧˡ
аԸп
֮ɲȻѾ֪˶ԷݣԺ϶Ҫżңһ𡭡


Խӡͺززͬʱڵϡ
һ޴ĽԼԼǰ۾ͿԿ
ǵˣ
ҡҡͷززվ
ţӦһ
Ŀռ䷨򣬱ȴ硢ɳĮ硢ѩ磬̣ʵڶ޷С
֮ǰֿ˺ѿռ䣬ֻܹԹԲС
Ǿǿ
һ·ززǰһָ
ͷ
˵ûԽӡܵòҪżȥ˵
˿ٳͨһʥǰţ֪ôġ

סúǰ
ѻ꣡
֪ѯʣԷҲܶ˵üīһһѻꡣ

һѶϢԺ
֮ǰλ˵һżȻΪ磬ӳڡߵĻһֱתȦԶ޷뿪
ǳӹʴѶ˵ġ
ԼΪβܴѶӦúͼ̳йء
Ͼλʵʵ̫ǿˣżǿʦԲãȴҲδܵסǸıӰ
ӹʼȻѶ˵ӦҲ
üë¶֮ɫ
֮ǰʦþ˵еһλߣϢʦ½ֻδ˼ڿӦþλӹʣ
ӹɱʦ֪Ǻ⣡
֪λǿߣпܾڿѹ޴漴úõһ
ؿһУ֪ߣֳϵ
ӹʣǱɣսǼɣҪȡ棡λǻʣӦǽͷݣ֮ǰӹʽˣֺʽˡ
ȻǱɣӦԼ뷨Ҳʦֵ̫Ҳԭ
ܿ죬úõѶϢȫꡣ
ú룬ֻǽӵ˽̨ͨŻѰҺôŵݣҲ֪ǳӹʣû̽ԭ֪Ĳϸ
ѻϣһģλնɱ
壬ı졣
ˣûһøС
̧ͷȥ̽ûΣգһһƳģһּ֡
ѶϢҲ鵽ŵټ


1722 زز
ŵټ
ѶģǱˣǸף˽ʥ
ѵǣҲ
۾һ
磬֪û취ѶϢģյͿʼ𶯣ǲǱѾ͸ĸˡνʥˣദͬһռ䣿
ָһ㣬һѶϢȥģ
һɵů¥
ů¥
ü
˵ɵĶ
ȥҰɣ
ǰȻ״Ѷ˵˵ַͿ϶ܹҵ
ǹȥ𣿡
Ҫߣزز
ţȻǿ߻ƣһᣬһΣգתӣùҡ
Ҫҵ׸ȻʵûﵽʥսǿԵģѩ֮ԱץΪʹĹ͵Ϯ
֪ԷĵģززһۣԴá
ǰһֻѧܣ۸ڡϽ࣬ơ
׸ͺãܿһЩͷ
ززĲѪ
˵Լս߶ԷΣգҲսϺȣܿһЩ
ѲɣҾôûã
һҧززȵˣǰһôƲҵʵҲңҴģ
ģ
һ֧裬㾫ܵӰ죬޷ǿʵ͸ҵǸٲ˵ΣգߵĻӰĻǸӽ쿪ʼ˵ʲôʲô鷳
ززĿ˹
ðɣ
Էִţͷ
պҲ뿴ʦﵽ۷壬ʲôЧ
ҿʼˣ
һΣززԾգ۹򣬱鶯ӣֺյľ飬ˣɢ˶ǵĹâƺֻҪһۣͻУ޷԰Ρ
ò˵Ůĵȷõû˵ȫ£һʣһݣγһߣȻ⣬ûĻһһһһЦɶž޴ĳ

̲סͷ
Էʵֻʥ۷壬ʩչʥؽǿߣԵ
ߣླвС
Ӣѹ˹أززǾһһԴǵ˿ˣΪߣɢԵ
ȻֻöֳԣҪɱˡ
ʵֱֳδڽǿºۼ
㡭ûܵӰ죿
һϣززͣ꣬˫峺ɾ̲סһʧ䡣
˫˺գһ뾪ʦᣬͱȷΪʥѡ֮Ի׼ΪѾôУʥǿߣҲԱ
ٴμȻһһϸ֮С
ںԶѧԺ˰ݵʯȹ£ֻҪеʦ˭ηֻ֣һţĵһ㡣
Ϊõ贫УԷܵӰ죬û뵽ǰҪ
磬㵽ʲôʱϹģ
˸ҽһ¡
֮ʱԷ𣺡ţܵЩӰ죡
ģ۾һززɻĿôû
ס衿ȻŮ̬չֳһõĴ󡭡ȱҲʮԣһ̫⣬Ů֮˾ޣʩչˣһһһһЦų׵ζ볾ףǷ糾ڶ񹥻̫⣬ǿߵֿġ
һ˵ʮ߸ȱݣͣһ£ŵô˵ءղ裬ҵӰǡȱ̫ˣʵڿȥЩθҲ֪Ǹ塭
㡭
ززѪ
壬÷򰡣
ôȵˣջҲˡθ¡
ứģززֻԼľʦģȻ޹⡣
˼ҿ裬ܣ㿴裬ȱݡܲˣˣ
ģҸղŶ˽еĸúѧϰĻӦÿٴνĻ˵Ӧãûôˣһ档
ززüġ
ĺۡ
ҿֻѣҪ£ôͣһöΣɱˡ
ƣǽԷ˵ȱԼ
ϸԽ룬Խ˵ĲԼֱָ࣬ģ岻Ļζ衣
ٶԽԽ죬ԽԽš
¡
֪˶ãͻȻһڣʥصΪȻһ˲ͻƣﵽ˼񲻻ľ硣
ͻˣ
һٴοԶ꣬ӡ
һһۿôȱݣ󣬾ͿԽ
ûáҲǲѡ
ܵõָ㡣
ˣûþûðɣںָǣôøʲô
һ˲䣬ززٴȼ˶־


1723 νʥĻ
ˣ߰ɣ
ززͻƣ֮УֻҪԷĽָ㣬ȫ䡰ͻơĻ
͵
ţ
֪Էżززٶ˵һ߸ں棬һ߹̸ոͻƵΪ
׼ķǰȥ
ΰĽԶգ֣ٶȼ죬Ÿ˹ȥ
Ϊһ·ǳΣգû뵽ȫ𾪡
˵ˣͷʥޣû
ʮӺһΰĽǰϷһң֣ҫŹâɵ
Ӧǿ֮һ
һ
ãӦö֪ɵӦ֮һ
ǰƣԿŽû˽С
һˣС¥󣬷ɢܣֱдСůꡱˬ
ǸǴů¥
ůźززæ˽ȥ
¥󣬲̫󣬸սУͿˣվ棬еĴʦķΣеǼɢ޵š
ܣʮˣΪ͵ģﵽʥء
峤
Ӱӭ˹
˳ڵļλ̫ϳϡ
֮ǰһֱչأǰյ
ʱѾȥαװָԼò
ˡѯһ£ĸģˡζǰ
ǲûˣ˿ͬʱסǵʵôô죿
ǰֻǲླڣ̶̼ʱȻѾﵽ˲ླԲվ˴½۷壡
ǵõЩԵ
˽ʥЦЦһ
ͣһ
ԼĸҪõ̫ˣһ־͵δѩ硣
ʦ磬ȴֵ磬ŨҸʱ򣬵ǱЩȡټľﵽ29.9Ȼһǧ
ңǲ˼ʱǡˣ
ţνʥ΢΢һЦ
£ס
㣬塢ʱôôʱ䣿
ǰҺ㸸ף̤һʱ֮أʱ٣Ҫö̶̼࣬ʱʵϣѾãνʥ͡
⡭
۾Բ
̫˰ɣ
һ;ﲻ˵̤ʱ֮ءԼôһᵽһᵽǸң
ǵطģɻҵ
̲ס
ҵ̲סȥһʱ䣬Ȱʵ˵
ӦҲˣǴĻԵϣʧҲˡʵҲܿˡ
νʥοһ䡣
ðɣ
üġ
˱ˣһԾӣôʱˣǽ۷壬һûС
ƣٴο˹ұͷŵĹâ֣Ȼͽһ磬Ϊλֱҡûзֿ
磬˭ҲϤһĸΪֱӳ⣬δ룿
Ӧúʹйذɣ
˽ʥ͵ʱҺĸףԼλ̫ϳϣоµöž͵ҿԸܵöֵܲɷֵϵ

ͷȥȻ˽ʥеķɢĹâ֮ǰɵϵϢΪһ壬ϵ
ööףҵġôã
һơ
õ˴ĸҲöСӦֱӽԼ͵
ģӰӶûŪ硢ɳĮ硢ѩ硭̽գؼҲ
֪ôûãֱˣ
ȻɵϵΪǲȥ
׿ʵ
˵طˣзΪβȥ
Ӧʱδ˽ʥ˵ͷҹ۲죬ӦһʱڣͻῪˣ
ͨԶĴɵȥȻ޴ŻȻɢϢ
Ȼ֮ϵȴûﵽϵĵز
˵ŵټģ
ʵ
λѧ֮ǰץߣһϢûõ١
ڡ
˽ʥش𣬾͸еһ޴ĺ𣬽µ¥󣬲ͣζ
ˡ
վ˽ʥ۾
˭ˣ
һ㶡
ˣ֪㸸дÿһʱ䣬ͻս
νʥ͡
¿ȥȻһͷˣվ¥ǰ棬ֱֳɱͬӡ
˽ʥԪɸһս


1724 ս
սü΢⣺˸˹ĳҡعأ
ӡϲɱ¾ûκιؿԣܹս˵֡
Ҫǣů¥ôʦʦ˵ìܣ꣬˫ڶԷһ˶Գ֣治±ҵˣ
عأǲòأ
˽ʥ¶Ц
òأѵйʥͫһ۾
òླԲǿߣع涨˹ʥʵ벻ʲô
йʥڣżҵλʥҲˡ˫мɵͬԼìܣƽɱˣǻڵİ
˽ʥ͡
Ȼ³һ
ѹһ·ûκΣգӦҲ˫صĹ涨
Ȼֵû߾ɱݱ֣˭ò
˿̵ĹʥǺ˫У˭ҲԽһһûˣƽͻбûڵİˡ
ţԷսңõǵĴߡ󣬽
˽ʥһЦһģԸ

Ҫ¥ҲվԸͣ
㣿
˽ʥһ㶡
ҵʵǽԷҪʤûôףҵ䲻ĸĻԵȴҲЩСԵպʵһ¡
һЦ¶ŨŨš
ТΪȣΪӣԷսףӲ
Ҳã˽ʥͷ
ӣֻжʮֶ֮꣬࣬ʦöɵ֣ԼϣδӮԪ֣Է϶ⲻס
ͬ⣬һΣ˳ȥͷǰսҸףȹأ

ԪƺʶֻǸʮ꣬𣺡ˣҪģ
ȻһЦͷˣԽӮأ
£Ǽʥˣ
һץһ³ǰԪߵ
һʥ뻻ȡνĹƽüëһ̧
Ӱټҵ˹óʥһʥı뻻Ū˭أ
Ҫʲô
Ԫü
֮ǰҲȶȻˣ˽ʥûôǰλòƽˣ
ʥһЦ

Ԫ۾𣺡Σ
ԸˣҲûպϹڣӵдлȻֵд䣬ʲôֻҪǿʦ£ز򵥣Ҫˣ˵ûᡭͬ⣬һȥϢһᣡ
˸¥ȥ
⡭
ԪĬ
ʥȻ󣬵ͽĻȣ˺ܴһء
Եȣһȥһ£
˵Ԫתһ¥ȥдˡ족
ʱ䲻ٴλͬ⣡
˵꣬һʥڲԶ
˽ʥ˹ڿС
ʼɣҲţһʮСӣܱһǿ
ע֣Ԫٷϻһأ
ȱæʼ֮ǰأ

أ
Ǳԣǲǹƽԣ
ȻԪͷ
ȻǹƽʦĻɲʹ󷨣ѱʦĻɲԽ޳裿
ȻԣԪߵ
ʦ󷨡ѱʦӵ޳裬ⶼԼʵҲܷ
ͺðˡԷӦָһ޳ǣһ٣

ͷߣͻأǰԪΧסϼϢҪռ˺ѡ
޳裿
һΣԪˡ
˽ʥνʥԼů¥еʦҲһɴ۾ȫץ
ͷླԲ޳衭
˵ġСԵ
СԵд
ǰѱʦʹ޳裬㶯ְɣҵ޳裬޳㡭ʮֹƽͷ
ԪѪ
ƽð
ּʥޣô
㲻֣ҾͶˣһû˸ղŵƣһϣ
𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺
ͷʥޣˢˢ˹
ͷϹѪǴߣսԪȻʵЩһͷʤ˵ôˡ
󣬾ͱĿȫǣȫͷʮѪ
䡭
ٲͶĺܲңæ˳
⻹࡭
˵ͷһĽʥսָٴο˹ǻ˭Ҫս㡭ûеĻսڳˣǿɸӭս


1725 

ǿڳԣ֪ߵغ񣡡
֪ѵΪѱͷʥ޾޵ˣ
սʱ¥߳˲ˣ˿⻰ȫݷ࣬ȡ
ȺˣʮλԪʵµģҲ֮࣬ǰλѱλླԲʥޣҪһˣʤЩҲΡ
ûãӦսóﵱעҲԼʵǱȳģģ

ڶˣȫɫࡣ
Է˵ĲʵǱȳģ˵ٶҲá
ʮӵʱ俼ǣȥ˯һᣬȻǲȣʱ㣡
Էٴ˸ȥ
峤̫ˡ
һѹô˵ʦеȣ
ů¥еߣٴοһ
Ȼйʥ򣬶ԷҰԼԱҪǿԣǶǱս벻λ峤һ֣չʾѹһ
ǰɣ÷ᣬԸһս
û߻شů¥һͷߴˣ˳ʣµλླԲ֮һ
עʲôͲˣһЦ⡣
ֻһ˿Ը㣬ӮˣҲҪֻҪںɵ÷
Щɻ
һԴʮ˽ɵҲ֪ġ˽ʥ
Ŷ˵ͷҲ޷ҴӦ
ָԷûʲô˽ɵ취ɱ˾ǡ
ʥȥҲûˣʮ
ͷʥޣ޳裬ΧԸʵս㣬ʥޣΪʦҲң޳裬һս
ͬ⣬÷ߵ
˼ʹ޳裿΢΢һЦ
ҲҲʥޣƾԼʵ浶ǹսһҪˣҲóϷ÷
Ҳ޳ҲɣҪټһʥ
ټһ
ü÷һ£һһѪɫʯǰʥѾûˣʥѪʯǲླԲʥ޾Ѫɣ̺ǿߵȫʮ㣬ȲϴʥȴҲ̫࣬㿴ܴܲ棿
˹ȥȻ׸ܵʯͷɢŨʵʡ
ĻȷܿٽҲвСİ
ɽæͷ
ʥ˵ʵкܶˣٶҲãҪ˵ôܻʯ
ǾͿʼɣĹʥĹʥ֤αȶٲܶ޳裡Щģ÷
Ȼ֪ʥʲôط˵˹أκ˶Υ
ģȻӦ㣬Ȼã
һץʥޣս۵ռ䣬һƶ
ʦһԾŶ
÷ͷǰһһеıͷųҫ۵Ĺâ
һ¹ﵽ˴ʥ𣬶Լеı
峤Сġ
ླԲǿߣóʥıһλ̫ϳϣЩĵĺ˳
λ峤ʥ޵ĻҲͽ۷壬ͶԷ󼶱
ʵôܹʤ
Ǻǣ
һЦ˹һʰģģ˵ʥޣͲãû̫ĴʥеõģӲ̶ȲӦÿʹðɣ

ȷԷеĵȷ÷ŵ˵ͷȻԣ
ֻҪ޳裬Էʹôʥ˵ӰҲ󣬸οֻǸûʲô
ǾͺáСͿˣ
ͷһס
ϣ
ɢһ÷Ͽա
װŪ
û뵽һ˵۾÷еĺ¹һʱ˹ȥ
˻
ռһ󶯵
ླԲĴʥʩչļµ

¹ûǰ͸еǰĿռһζһ̣׹һƬɳĮ֮Уһǰ΢縧һƬƬëѩһ㣬ڡ
ʲô
÷ͫһž͸еüƬëʺ
漴һǱһ룬Ҳá
ô£
ʲô
û뵽ֱŪһƬɳĮ˶Щ£Ӧ
÷ᣬӦǻ취ƿС
Уһλǿߺ
á
źһ䣬÷ûȫͻȻһ顣

˲һѻɳû°ۼ
ܣѻȸ


1726 ʥ

һΣɳʧٴλָ֮ǰ飬һ㡣
ֻ÷ˣȴʧҲҲˡ
÷ˣ
Ϣûˣ˻ɳ⡭ôܣ
ʲô
ˣȫݴ
Ȼۿɲš
÷ʵ֮У۷һʵһ棬ͱ˻ɳӦûСʲô
ô˿ֲ
飬νʥʦҲɵˡ
Ϊʹʥ޵սʮѣζûϵٶȸ죡
ͽԡ÷᳹ճ
ǡ
νʥ˹
ûʲôҲҸղ˵СԵżȻѱĶѣЦЦ
ֲʵֻҪϢëڣ޿κΣսȲʥޡ
νʥؿڷơ
СԵ
ͷླԲʥޣһնɱླԲⶼСԵǽʲô
ɶ㲻˰ɣ

һǰս۵ռ䣬ٴһץ
ղŵʥѪʯͺ¹Ҳ˹ҴĻʤģˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˱Σֱսָ
¡¡
սպã͸еһ˾ֵϢ͵Ӷ̨翿˹ѣġ¥Ҳͣζܲסѹ
ǡʥ
ͫһæ̧ͷȥ
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䲻ʥޣȴҲʶ޳˰ɣҲϣƽ

һ޴漴һƺһѹȶҪѹ
֨֨
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ȻղŵľٶЩΥ棬ԷĹʥͲסˡ
Ϲղҵĺרѯˣɲʹͬõģô˲ˣҲУǾͶһ
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Ϲһ
ղ£Ҳñˣʲô˶ս
ǾͺãɸҺұԣָǰҪǵӵĻһսһȺҲ˵ǿַҶսҲһϣһüͷͲżҵˣ
˵úãżҴж
ż棬дһϹò˰ɣ
㡭
û뵽һСｫϹĿҪըãԸҲҪԣҪҲ˵ݣɸҴӦ
ķŭˡ
ʥϣַһӶѾŭա
һ޳ʵֻһ㣬ţôˣַ󣬻ɱˣ
Ϲ㻹Ҫ֪Է뽫նɱżȣԾܾȺǰ󱲣ٴǰ
ãҴӦ


1727 ȴ֮
Ҫʹ޳ֻܶñ
ôͬ⣬żͣһ£ڷڣü
ڣҲϣԷҪڣͦԴһ޵еƣΪʦԿҵΣ֪У֪Ҳ
˵ĺã
żٴĺһİɣȻ¹أϹҲҷڣ򣬾ҪҵĽӦӦˣ
ٺ٣ֻҪǲھУ
ϹЦ֮⣺ǸղҲˣδɵļһҪսˣңһ֡壬̺Ѫһܰܣαԣˣҳ֣һɱӮˣԴһιʥѪҺ
ʥѪҺ
˷ģǾṼϣ
ˣȫɫǺ죬һ۾Ź⡣
ǾͿʼɣ

ʮͷˣˢˢΧġ
ǡ
û뵽Щһ˲ҪҪΧů¥ʦȫɫࡣ
ҲҪ˹ء
Ҫæ˰֣һЦղ˵ˣҿʹñǰɣ
Ȼ
Ϲһ
ǾͺãԵһ£óǾս
˵ͷһһǹģһΣڿлһ޴Ĺ
ǡȽʥǹĹʥԣӡĿǰֻܷӴʥΪ塭
óıϹһ
ǹȫʢڣȷҲܶԶܶԶӡˡ
Լ£ﵽླԲģ˶дʥֵסǹڻ¡
ţﻹûͼȺе꣬ٴһһ޴İשڿС
ҲǴʥı
שͷԪʯƶɡ˷ѣ
üϹ֣겻ͣ

գ۹һųܣΧƳԲȦ
ĳǹԻ̨
ʥǰɢ˵ѹλླԲǿߡ
㡭ôôʥ
ΪԷֻһսսˣһóô࣬ڳ˶ˡ
ʥȲ˵ײ׵õ˵һҪʮꡢˮĥ
һʮҵ꣬ô࡭˰
֡
ʥԽԽ࣬սŪûĺѻʤȺУһͷɫڵļһȡ
šұûꡭ
һڣ

ǰٴγļǸղŴĻʤ¹
ļָ֣Ӱ崩У㡣
ˣ
죬ļͬʱ

ļʥˢˢ
ʮʥ⡭ǹƽ
˵֪У֪Ҳ
ôʥķˣȫͷƤ飬ҪѪ
һԲںʮ൱ʮλླԲǿߣ⻹ô
֮ǰһ￶Ļ̾öµûš
иƨ

裬Ǳɡ
֣ѵڶԷ
ϹҲˡ
Ϊʥ˲֪꣬δ˹顣
ǣ
֪ȵʱԽЩԽãʱǾûˣˢˢ˹
ȺУղ˵ڼһǰеıǼʥµ
һ֮ǰླԲ֮һʵԪҲ˿˸͵ı͵һҵռ䶼Ť

һѸļ磬Դ¡
ۼҪ룬ߵʱ䣬·ɲǼ٣ƮƮµǰָ˹ȥ
ˣ
µһ˷ܵ죬޴һ𣬵תͷ
Ҳ
档
һ̣Դڵϣû׷ʲô
⡭Ǳˣ
ʦȫһ
Ϲƺˡ
˶սԷıûǰͽ֮ǰˡ
ս
˵𾪻ûѾһ⣬ȺֻҪָӴıһ̾ͻᵹ򣬺Ͱשǹȱһ𣬶Կˡ
ҾãôΧʦֱ۸ˡôڸоʦ۸ǣ
棬˼ұԼıԿˡЩ˵Ӱ
󣬿϶ϴϴˣѹ֣ʦҪһȺ˶ս϶׼ҪЩһȫɱ

У֪ʱѾ˳Ⱥ˫ֱ󣬿սıο̲סпһ
лλı£ȴ֮ˣ


1728 ʥ֮Ѫ
ۣ
ȴ
Լն֮£һץứġ
ЩûҪ㣬ⲻǡȴӲòã
ƽָǣսʲô
ƽð
磬޳ŪҧˣҲܵί
㡭
Ŀ£һͷͷ£ʮͷˣգ۹һ붼ûʣ£ϹĹʥŭˡ
սĿģýɵ˶ˣҪиƨã
¡
һ޴ƣͻأ֣ɵǰĿռ䣬ɲǼ䱻һѹŵҪĳ
ǿ
ɿתҪ룬ȴ˶һá
ʥǿһ֣Ŀռ䶼𣬸ʵԿġ

ڼֲסϾҪѹģʱ֮ʱһâͻأ֡
׼ʱֺҵϹȷλãâûжԿеƣҲûаѹǱֱմһ䡣
꣡
漴մѪ䡣
㡭
Ϲ̶յӡζһ£ʧ

ռһմصϹ֪ȥڽӣգ۹ʧټ
ˬ죡
żˬʵЦ
ΪﵽʥҪնɱѾˣ֪꣬һѷֲ٣ֱӴˣ䲻Ҳһʱ䣬޷˷ˡ
㣬ȫΪԼλöԷҡ
̧ͷпȥͼ֮ǰ˼ɵʮͷˣ˿ȫ˵ϣʬ壬һûʣ¡
һ󴮱ȫУȸԾһ㡣
ᣬǻۣ
һ漴һղۣ֮ɢļѪҺϯװһƿ
ɱôˣлᣬϹѫΪǰӶιʥ֮Ѫ°ɣ
лǰ
ӹƿһ
䲻֪ʥ֮ѪʲôãôˣҪ϶ֵơ
ʥ֮ѪŨҵɱ¾֮˵ô󡭡˵ֻսƷҵĽΪǰôҲ̫ᣡƿڣͬѪҺҵѪҺڸ㣬úʹãȡմﵽ߾磬żңߵĸԶ

ǰٴγһƿûǰ͸еѪҺͣķڣƺҪȼա
ڵżѪѾ룬ƿʥѪҺ˵϶ҲҪʥá
л棡
˽ʥؼæ
л桭

ÿӦõģ
˵꣬ʧ漴ʥϢʧδֹһ㡣
֪λ棬϶ٴβ˿
Ĺʥֹһˣ˵ҲԼĻԵȻԽԽá
Ȼ֣Χ֪ôġ
ʥѪҺʲôã
ɻ󣬿˽ʥ
ʥѪҺÿһΣ̺޴̺ʥ⣬ܹһΣ˿ٽΪ˼ľ磡
۾Ź⣬˽ʥ͵

һͨߣлӴʥ֮ѪĻֱӴ߾磬ʥ𣡡
˽ʥ
⡭ͫһ
߽ʥѪŬķ˲֪ԴһѪҺ㡭
̫˰ɣ
ȻҲ֪Է˵ֻǸͨˣȲ˵޷ܹʥ֮ѪܹܣͻƣҲ鸡ս̫ǿ
ֻͶ򣬲˿ҪǡѪҺУ̺ŹʥѪԺΣգֻҪûɢһȥͿԳ׻ָͷ­ˣҲ½ϣ
˽ʥ
⡭
һ
е𾪣ѾԱˡ
ڵʵܺǿһնͷ­ֻͬһ·ߡ
ЩѪҺһξ͵ڣһ
ѹ˷ڣֹ󣬼ֱ޼֮
סĸףҲòϣÿһΡ
𾪹󣬰οƿָһ
ѪҺɢŨҵǰĶ˷˹ȥ
ѪҺ˵ò꣬Ȼˣ͸ĸҲԱ
ŲԤΣգⶫԼҲܰġ
⡭
û뵽Ķλӣû˿ɣ͸ǣˡνʥһۣͬʱȭͷ
ˣ򸴺


1729 ģ
֪ԷһТģ޷ܾ˽ѪҺ˹
ѪҺģȴһˤ
ﵽʥ𣬲Ѫһë̩ɽҪΪﵽླ۷壬ܶò
ǿɣ
΢΢һЦ
ţ
Ҳ˵ϥһѪҺ˹ȥ
֪˶ã۾
ɹˣ
ɻ
ʥ֮Ѫôôֻǽ˵֮Уÿ춼ˢö֮ҲմϢżЧ
˽ʥЦ
ּʥѪҪҲ˴ˡ
û꣬ʮĹ򣬲ɡ
ˣǽѪҺ뵤ͣˢˮĥ򡭡ʱˣȻΪһ壬ӳЧ
ţȻҲԣ
˵꣬ڵϣָһ㣬һѪҺڡ

ѪҺ壬գ۹ںһ𣬲ûһ˿ܣһֻȸԾعĸ֮С
⡭
һ£һãˣ
ڣ̺Ѫںϣٲֱ˴ˡ
˵
ôף

ѪҺ̧ܿͷ˽ʥɻĿ˹
ǰѪҺڵ˵һ¡
ˣ˽ʥʮǰˣҪѪҺʱֻѪҺ㹻ԡʵģһѪҺ
ҵģƤһ顣
ԼѪôо⻰˹أ
ȻЩѪҺֻǰָʸ죬Ѿ״䣬ǿ»ع飬ڻص˱ԴȻҪǸ
˽ʥЦ
ԭˡ
ͷپᣬϸܹʥ֮ѪԼѪҺںϺڹȻһ֮С
ƺֱ۶ѣҲ³µٲõˡ
һֱڣƵġ
ҩ֮УֶҲ˶֫Ч̫ˡ
鶼ָܻԴǸָ֫ˣնԴͬһغ
ԸһΡ
ʣµΣָ΢΢һЦ
ֺöȻܶ
Ĺʥ֮Ѫͷһԡ
αװˣ⼸ιʥ֮ѪҲãôʦڣʱֻԺ˵ˡ
ˣ֮ǰ˵ŵϢŵģ
վٴοĸ
ղţԷ˵ŵ£·սûʱϸ˵˿ȫպѯһ¡
ĸ¥ڴů꣬ˬѻһȺʥޣĶһȺļһ֮ǰҸеһ˿Ϣ̲סһۣѧƺУ
νʥ
±Ƚϸڶӵ£һģ˿ϢܱܺǱץסע⡣
ڡ¥
վǰ˹ȥ
ĸ¥󣬽ӦĶԶ
λպñ¥ڣ¥ڵľ
ҲƳһۣое񣬾ǲǣνʥ
ȥ֪ˣ
һһ
ǱץߣӰټңȻп¥Ҫ
Ҹһ𡭡
Ҫȥ˽ʥ
һ˾ͺã
ҡͷܾ
ĸʵܼǿԷϢץߣǵѣֲԼȥٸȫһЩ
Сģ
֪ӵʵѾԶʤֶθʤ˽ʥֻһЦ
ţ
ٶ˵ֱ򶬺ķλ˹ȥ
ֹ
ûǰһ漴һŨѹ
ʥ
ͫһ
ղŸܹǹʥſɢϢ
ȻԷ׳֣ʩչھ桭ˣҲּǿ߱
ҲԣûУ϶ͱɱˣôռһ󣬰Ȼ
ǰи¥֮УҪ̽Ѱһ£޶⣡
ȭ
Ȼżҹʥ϶ڲԶҲҷ
ʮ꣬ͳΪ峤ʥӵƾһ֮ʮһѫ֪㣡
ʥ
ǰˣ
ûλ֪ĹʥȻ֪¼һ£ȭ
ѫǹѫڡʱң϶ᵹӭڲܽ¥󣬻£
ʥ
Ϊʲôüһ̲סʵǰʦ


1730 
Է֪ôϸ˵նɱʱǵû˿ŭ˵ˡѫ֣Ļֻʦã
Ѳɣǰλʦõһλعʥ
ȻʦΪҪֹԼ
Ҳʦá
ʥ𣬻δ˵꣬ǰĸ¥һĳӡ飬ţһŨı֮ͷųգ۹ͽ¥˱顣
ŹȻ⡭
ɫһ
۹ˣԷı侭ͷųԱѩۼ£Բϴ

ٲܶԷʥʥֱ¥ڳȥ
ԷղŹʱ䣡
ʥΣ
һˣ
Ϊѧ˷ѵ

âҫڸ¥棬γһĹĤһײȻȥ
ڲܽȥʥ

һȣǹģһƿĤȥ
ˣ
ĤĻζһ£ȫʩչǹȻûһۼ
ƣ
ǹٴδ˹ȥۻӿǹɫĹͷųһţɫĻ档
춼գָ̺͵˿ʩչȫ洫ݿ͹Ĥһմ߶ʱܲסȼա
𣿡
һĹʥ𾪣ֽ𣬾ĥ̹𣬽Ĵ¥ͬʱζ
ôˣ
˲ϼƽӡæתͷ漴ǰĴɵҺһѷ죬򿪡
بžԶϢӵӿġĸ¥ڣݱĸʱڡ
Ϣմϣů˽ʥеĴͷųһĹâֳһֱҵԲȦ
̣
޴˽ʥνʥҲƲסֱڷȥ
ɵˣߡ
˽ʥæ
Ⱦ˵
ǹٴǰĸ¥ȥ
ȻҵţǾҪ˵Ľȥ
ǲ
Ĥڳܲסֱѿ¥󣬾ͼУһĹȦƿնˡνʥ˵ĺ棬Ҳɵȥ
ȦУһ޳ˣվУѩƣţֻ˭
ƺöɡ
ˡνʥд֣׽УȦµŵˣҲƺûܵͳʧ
š
Ҳɵż

ţˬ¥ڣʮͷʥޣƺҲҳȥŸɵ棬ͱһĤ赲Ҳǰ˷ֺ
һʥޣӵдʥصʵڸĤǰݺһЦӡζ
дӦʣҲܴ˽ȥ
һĻͷƤը
֪Ҳܽɵͺ͸ĸȥˣǶˣԼɶ£
ȥ
һֱ̤ɵȥ
ֵſˣΪȥ棬붼÷衣
˽ͼݣҵȱݣ½ƻҲҪС

ĤǰΪʥһ棬ͻȻӿһĹâһ̣ȻС
ˣдĸ
һ£漴Ȼ
֮ǰ˵ֻӦڵķֵĸκһöԽ룬磬СɶöûУѡԵˣû뵽ɵӳ˾޴á
ǰһ𡭡
âƿĤû׽룬һ
תͷȥǸղųײӡȴȥʥޡ
׼Ϊҵ޳裬Դǽȥ

⡭
ʥһ
޳裬ˣ
ʥޣĿľΪɣȻǿǳ
˲ȥˣҲٶȺܿ졭
ޣΪ޷棬ʬˣҲ᳼
ǽĿģΪѰһԵʵҪ˳壬Ϊ˵ĳ
Ǻǣ
ֻһЦӹĤ˳гǹһȺ
žž
ʮǹ
ڿԳ𣿡
ˣ

ʥޣˢˢڵأղǸѱޣǵȿƾѪɳüģǩԼ
ʥ޷׷Ч£ȿֺˡ
żҹʥ
֪ʥ
ɶʱʥҲôûڲˣ
ǹʥҲû취ǿǵȻһʥ齨ʥ޴ˡ
һܹ
һ˲䣬棬޷ǿǣȫˡ


1731 ɵ
ȥɣ
ʥޣȫĵ˵ͷʥ۵ռ䣬ٴȥ
βһˣ֮һ档
ô£
һ顣
òᣬ͵ʱ䣬ٽȥ˰ɣ
Ҫֻܿˡ
ˣʥ̫ˡ
С𣺡ĴܴʮˣΪĸܴʮѱģʮˡ
޷룬˿̲סʵ۵ռҲУ
УԵĻղˡνʥҲܽ˶ˣ
С͡
ҲԣȻ
ʦµĶô򵥣
˵ƣǾƣ˶ӣң
Ϊ͵ʥޣ·ųʮͷңٴȥȻ˳ͨû
ԣľҲ۵ռ䣬Ѿʮˣ
Ĥ˲Զ
µʮͷǸոѱģûľԡƻޣ֮ǰշĳ׻ҲУͳ˶ʮء
Ǳǿżе룬ռС
˵
û뵽żеʥޣִЦһڶ˵ӿٶȣӡȥ
ѾȥһӣҲҪˡ
ĴźǸ޴ĵãڷŵеĳ˼еĲtеĶ顢еСʱһ㣬̬죬̬ͬ
ǡʮʥ
ܿ죬˳Щ񣬲Ǳģǿʮʥ
ʦǧ״ʮλ˳ʮʥȽʥ̹ʥʵǿʮߡ
ʮλ״ÿһдǣž˵ĹӶʦãǣһЩ˿̿˳
Ԩʥ幹ʥʥȽʥ
һ֣ԺǰΪһ壬·꣬սɳԡѪս
˵ûǣʦһˣƽ֮
ǰķᱮϣÿһ˵֣ԶĿࡣ
ɫأߵڡ
ʮʥɢѹ䣬ľ;ż͸
˼мλʦϥڵϣ޷ǰ
ǵľǰ˺󣬲ѹȣ
żҵļλ̫ϳϣûж˵ǰ
ŴŵһȺˣ˭ܴʮʥɵͨľ±̫ࡣ
ӵľΪҲﵽ˲ླԲˣڸĸˣǺܴв
ͨʮ͵ĵͨһ
ĸˣУδԶǶ棬ǰλ꣬ÿ϶ɢ˵ϢͲ²һȻǴﵽླԲľ
ĸû£˿˿ȥ
һŮվȺ֮У˫۽գһͣɢƺҪǽϵĳӡ
ţ
üëһ壬æ˹

ûǰˡνʥ˾ӭ˹Ĵ

һ㶡
ţղѾˣûκηӦͷûתһ
˽ʥ
Ӧȫעƽ⣬ǽϵǷͼĿʲôҲ
νʥҲһָ
ͼǰǽڿȥȻǽϣһ޴ĵ࣬һ磬ӡڡ
ڲͣɢϢƺҪӳڵϵķӡ⿪
ԼֺһԷ϶֣ᷢɴ˿һ㷴ӦûУ͸ĸ˵һ
ʲôˣ
Ȼţδܵˣż۾𣬿λꡣ
ղˣǡӰټҵǿߣ
˽ʥ
Ӱټңüǲʮʥ˵ĺΪҪץţϵķӡʲô
֮ǰһֱΪץŵˡ
Է׼飬ʮɡӰټңڿʦƣΪΥ£֪ͨˣֱץ˵Ĺ
ϵ
ҹؼǣĴڣӵʮʥ˵ĵΪ󱲣ǵݣһģѵţĳֻܣ
뵽⣬Ҳ̲סǰĵ࿴ȥ
ǽչԶԶȥŴ͸ʷĲɣʱ䡢ռڣۣ֮
ֻеͼϣһƵ֮һ۾У޷԰Ρ
˵᲻ǡ䡷
ͻȻ˽ʥڶ


1732 ʥĻԵ
䣿ס
ݴ˵ǿʦǿ˵鼮˵ǱҲ˵һֿռƷʲôû˼ͳһۣ᲻һ
˽ʥȻӰټҵǿߣΪһƽķӡң֪ǰͽץߣ
˼
˵Ĳ޵
紫ϢһȷͺֳĸͿԽĸġڶûټ
䣬˵鼮δزһ
򻭾ȥӡ£ȻȴԿаѩǣ΢Щһģ
Ȼʱ䷨򡭡
ϸһ£֮УпռʱӣҲ˵еʱ䣬ʱ٣ͬ
粻Ȼˡ
УʱڡѲɣǴ䣿
ҪǣҲҪᵽˣܶԷǲӰټң顣
ˣҲʶС϶ܹϳ
һ
ϹŵϢ˽Ĳ࣬СͬǿʦרƳԿף϶ܹϳ䣬׺ģ
뵽⣬һȥ
䣿óǿʦ׻ġļͼ
С۵ռ˸ֽڷĴ£Ҷ㻩졣
ļͼ
ʱû¥𣿴ﶬļС͡
һ㶣˵ͷ
ʱνĴů¥¥δ⣬˿һ˵Ȼˡ
ңʦͻƴʥΪأݱ䴺ﶬһļ᲻һĹ
ļͼʲôãӰټҵǿôģײǴ䣬΢΢Щʧ䣬ͬʱ档
㲻Ǵ䣬Ҳǲı򣬲ôǿߣˡ
ļͼһͼʵ̺˴ﶬļʱ٣Ҫ졭ңҲ˵꣬Źȥһꡭ˲˵Ǽѵı
С
ͷΪȻ
ż֮ԳΪһ壬ò˥ҪӵйѪأиʱ䣬򹦷似
ʦܲʦָ㣬·һ棬Ҫӵдʱ
֣ô죬ҪѸݣսʦôУֻһһԭ򣬾ǽ
ļͼһ굱ãȷǲıˡ
֪ͼҪĲʱǡʦˣһأ
ͣһ£ʲôС
ӡأһ£漴ЦЦУ̺ռ֮һأģ
ͨ۵ռ䣬ǿһأƷȴ޷Ӧ磺ָ
߼һģһֲʱ䳤˲繵̬ͨ⵽ƻö֮˥Ϊ̡
ڵ۵ռּģҪܸõԷչʦ½ԼԲµγһ̬ƽ⡣
ӵʱ䷨򣬿ݱ䴺ﶬӦú֮ǰĴһԶȻҪ۵ռӸ߼
ʦһ棬֡
ǺҪãϹʱڵһأС
ϹʱڵأΣܺڵزͬһЩˡ
Ϊ⡣
ϹʱڣܵʦʮôܣȻڸӳ㣬ΣһأϾСأܺʦ½ĵطȡ
ԡ
δ䣬ͫһ˵ǣ˵ʱһأ񲻱ʾлͻƵʥ
ʦ˽ʥϸ̸ڹʥĲ飬һһأʧȥʲôߣﵽ˲ླԲ޷ͻɾ͹ʥ
ˣʥԸ˯սʱֻΪ
һǰ˶ⷽأڿʦʱ񲻴ֶڣͻƵ־磿
ǰȻΪЩΪʲô
С
ԭˡǣͻƹʥĻԵѹ֣ƴˣ
Ȼ
ǽ۷壬ʥҲˣҲֻԵһֱڴʥ磬һĥ
ڣԵǰΣҪõ
лѣСͻȻ֣㻹еõġ
۾Ź⣬һЦ
Ҫһʶⶫ֪ЩŪû
С
һɵЦ˽ʥһ£һͷˮ
ǡ˵ķˣ


1733 ʯô
СǴ˽ʥȻ֪Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ǵ䣬Ӳ˷ܵڡ
ֻǡ˵ˣЦ˲áδ̫˰ɣ

Ц˽ʥ̲סһ
ţָףĸףһҪõ
ʥһʱ䣬ĸˣﵽ˲ླԲʱ̤һܹõнĻȫԺѹģǵıӻ£һǵ
ã
˵⻰ͬʱͷ
ˣ
˵ĹŵĲͣ£ͼϵķӡʼҡʱƿ
ˡ
һĻλ꣬۾ͬʱһ
꣡꣡
׼ƿӡ󣬽뻭ҵĽߵʱͻȻ˱֮ǰĺڻ
ˣٶȼӿ죬ȻһȵеĴ٣֮ûˡ
һ꺰˳ֽһžӿڣƳӡ
ƺҲʶڣҴǰͨķڣƽӡٶȣ̼١
д٣Ѳɣϵķӡеļйأ
С֪ĺܶ࣬ѯʡ
ļͼתļӡҪͬס֮йӦڸպڶ죬Žѧץ죬ӦǱԵķӡʣúʡһ˴죬ķӡµûƲ
С
ڱѩڻӵͨӦϾˣҪҪȥæƿӡ˵

ķӡƽ⣬䵽ʱ򣬽ˣڰæڣͼձ˭õ϶Ҫʵ˵
ӵߣôǰİλӰټǿߣǿҲ϶ⲻס
ӱѩ͵˴ɵѵΪֻɺϣ
Сߵ
⡭һ㶣漴۾ԽԽȻ򣺡ͼڣǺǱѩԻѩ磬ѵ
뵽⣬һ֮ǰڼ̳еĺʯ̳ġ
˿̵ľʯȻû֮ǰĺ䣬һ֮Уƺǰͼһת䡣
ԭˡ
Ȼ
νıѩ磬׼ȷ׼ȷӦļ硣
ᵽļ仯
ֻʱ򣬸պõ˶ѩ
ֱ仯е龧ʯҪǲߣ˿̵ıѩ磬϶ҲѩڻػůһĻ
ʯƿӡĹؼ
С
ţͲµһ˵ͷЩɻĿ㲻ʲô֪ôͻȻôˣ
һյʱɶ֪ȴ٩٩̸ǰ֪ĻΪɶ֮ǰ˵
Ӧǿʦҵļ˷ӡֻнӦĵãһ֪ͺңã˴ɵʲôҾͲˣСŤһ¡
ðɣΡ
ҲԣֳִĸҪõʦµıҲҪԵȻµƷȫһ˵õˣ
龧ʯͼķӡҿƽ⣬Ȼˡ
ԼΪѩ磬˸ƣٴοƽӡӰټҵˣ
λ˿̲վһһڵȫڹ䣬ԴԴϵĺײӡƺʱƿ
ȻϢץţҵǾͱҲˡ
һЦ˺ʱͻȻһӰ磬ֱͷϷ˹ȥ
ٶȼ죬ȼżѪ˻ûӦѾϿա
ӡ
ָһ㡣
ӿڵ̱жϣͬʱӡںڡ
¡
˸˵Ůڣ·˸Ϊඥ
һ˲䣬ڽ
꣡꣡
ʹﵽ˲ླԲ
ʦ
ΪͻĳѹϿգ۾һ
Ƚڵʥʱá
֪ŮȻڵû꣬ݹȥ͵
İ˸ˣǲླԲ˵һ𣬼ųʥ֮ǿ磬ʣ²١
Ų˷ѵľЩԺãȻֻܰװ˷ѡ

û뵽ƽӡںڣΪ˸ͬʱŭգҪը


1734 ƿӡ
ҿ
УĮԽԽ
ѧץߣɣԸⲻԸ⣬ǺķƳӡӰټңصڣʦصĹأ
Ⱥˣû˿øС
ʦ½ǿսңżңץѧϡÿһ˷ŭ
Ϊ塭
Ⱥһȡ
Ϊ壿ҲΪ塭ȫҴſ£
úͶԷϻһ

ʥޣ˳ֱλӰټҵ˹ȥ
㡭
û뵽һֱӶ֣ȫҪըˣʱҲ˲ô࣬æӭս
ʦ
ЩǵĿ˹
׷ʲôôᱻץߣץ飬ϸ˵˵Ϊʦ
˹
ġŽ齲˳
۹ˣżңñԭȻأ˵һʱ䣬̸ոսΪκΪػϣܹĲ࣬Ҳûж롣
ڸ뿪˵ʱһλꡣ
Էֱӳ֣ǱݣӰټҵǿߣ¹ػܣҪȥһط
Ȼͬ⣬˫֣ܿ챻ץ
ʱ봫ѶѾˡ
֮󣬱һֱһԷδ෴רŵǿߣ뽲ϵѣṩ㹻ԴΪ
Ǵƽӡķ
ΪҪʶΪӡһ磬ƽУ⵽ķɣĻܵɻָˡ
ƽӡƽˣ
ü
ԼѧƢ𱩣κҲǸʡ͵ĵƣʲôʱôˣ
ץ˲˵ƽӡƽ⣬ûһ㷴
˵ɫһ죬ҧҧ촽ֻҪƿӡȡͻƹʥĻԵὫʦһ
ңһ㶡
ǣ˵Ŀǰʦ½ŵӰټңʦãڿʦΪһ壬ֻҪףһʮּ򵥡
Ρ
ԣǵķԸ
ҡҡͷЩЩж˰֣¶ǿţʲôʱʦôˣʥͻƣҲֲѧΪѰᣡҲѧɣȡģֻԵܵõΪʦһܹõ˵òΪʦҲõ
ʦҴˡԽԽС
ˣ˰֣Ǻõģ¾ͼ̣
˵꣬ת֣ͣ

ʥޣˢˢɵǰ
ʱ˸꣬ѾĿȫǣû֮ǰģ
ץҵѧδֻСʹ룬֪붯ҵѧҪܺûˣͲɱˣֻҪشҼ⣬Ϳ뿪
һǵҪʲôص£Ӱټң͵͵ץˣڶǺ壬ǲѾˣߡЩˣѱ£
֪Ӱټҵˣδ˺ţоðһ뷨
᲻ϴκͰ׾һˣʵӰټĳ
ԼҲһͷʥʬ壬֮Уѹһͷˡ
ܲΪ˵Լ˰ɣ
ֻΪʲôЩ飬ˡ޷ش𡭡
ȺУһͬЬһ꣬ҧ
޷ش𣿡
ǣЬͷ
˵Ҳûʲô֪ڣҲɱǣɣ
üëһһ˦䡣
ܹʦĶݣ̹ʥȽʥҲȻЩĺˣǺϣûҪϾɱ
ǲߡ
Ьҧ
ӳȥ
Էһʥޡٴγ˹ȥ
ʱ䲻˸˾ͱӳ˴ɵķΧ
ӳȥûŵҲ޷
ˣٴοǰĻ˿̣ѩͱѾȫڻӡҲһӣ֮ǰŻģȻͬ
ʦӡˣҡ֮ǰѧϰĽ֮Ȼá
ɫһףǰӿȴ֣ӡûκα仯
ͼϵķӡѾױ˴ģ
޷а취
һЦָһ㡣
ˣ
ѩõöʯǰһ

ʯӡ˹ȥһǰ̵תգ۹򣬷ӡϵͱɽȥγһ޴С
ⶫȻС˵һӡƽã˿кˡνʥ
ȥ
˵꣬ƿӡĻ˹ȥ
ûгɣϣգ۹ԭʧ


1735 ͻƹʥ
黭ﵽ۷壬Խһ续ȥУ֪
˵ǰ黭ʦֹһλ黭ʦһ磬һŮŮദˣȻ˰⣬뻭Уû
ǽϵ⸱ʦױʣ⾳ǶʱյƿأԶԶǸϻ黭ʦУһ޴۵ռ䣬޾һۿͷ
һʮŨ
վһʯϣһпʦ黭ǿ
㣬黭⣬϶˾ǣﵽ˷豹ľ硣
ǰĻ磬һ˿һûʲôǳǹҲ̴ܴռ䣬дؼǣƻĿռ䣬ͬԻָ
֪һ󲻳ǸĻ
ףĸףԣǷͻƹʥĻԵ
һյأס𾪵ˡζˡ
ΪŽ۷壬ҪҲĸͬȻﵽ۷壬Ǹ磬ֻһš
ţ
׶˵ȻԼĿģҲ˵ͬʱ
¡¡
еѨӿڣϵϢҲԽԽǿ
ȷԸܵݣʱƽ⡭ҪɵĶ࣡
ʱ䲻ͣͬʱվ
۾һ
֮ǰСĲ²⣬ͻƹʥĶļֵ̫ˡ
Ȼˣھ취ͻơЦ
ղŽ¥ڵӰټǿߣ˳ȥλ֮ǰֹĹʥضĿҪը
˿̣ĸͻƵʥ𣬾϶Ҳɵ֡
ͻƣ⻰˽ʥνʥһۣԿЦѹʥ̫ˣ
ǷϹʱڵأӵпͻƹʥϢҪɹҲҪѲ֪Ѫһͣ
˽ʥ꣬ʦǧﵽʥֻʮˣ˶ͻƳɹͻ磬ϢǹؼԵģɡ۲ⶫҲð
һ㶣Ҳԡ
˵Ĳ
κξ磬һͣǹʥִ󼶱𣬶Ȼ򣬴ﲻпͻƵڣҲܳɹ
ϾϹʱڣҲ˶ǹʥܴﵽּģǾž޵ľš
ͻƹʥϢʲôɻĿ
Ҳ˵ȡʥ֮㹻ֶԾţһٹɣȱһɣ
˽ʥ͡
ʥ֮
˵ͷⶫһֱڣǡʧģ
ⶫӺζΪʲô֣ҲӦúһЩϡʯһڲԴһĴ뵮ˣ꣬½޷µĹʥֻǧꡣʾ֮ˣ㹻޷Ǹ硭Ų˹ʥ֮Ĵڣ
˽ʥ
һʷΪ峤ڶУ֪ĺ
Ƕʱ䣬˵ʦ½ĺڣΣϿʱ̡
ﵽ˲ླԲȴ޷ͻƣֿ֪̿
ټˣͣʦжʱ䣬Ļ̻̣ʧأױ
ҿʱĹʥ˾˯
Žÿֻʧ
Ȼ壬Ͳˡ
ʥ֮ͻƹʥزٵĶҪͻƹʥҪʲô
ĸ޷ͻƣ۲Ҫԭ򣬵ôŽл㹻
Ҳ˵˹ʥ֮ҪЩʸϵľ磿
ʥԹǿߵĴˣͻƣоˡһйʥ֮ڶľﵽ30.0꾳磬ﵽһ
˽ʥ
꾳磿һüʲô
ʥ֮ղ˵ˣľ30.0⣬꾳硭һʲô˼
ܼ򵥣ǽ֮۳˿Զӣܹ룬꾳磡˽ʥ
һ㶡
֮ʮǿҲܻ̽ȴδ۳˿
ҪҪԣԼ굽״ﵽ˺־磿
⸱飬˽ʥ֪϶ûԹЦЦ
֪ͻƹʥ˭ȥʵ꣬Ͼ۳˿Զͷţ꣬ҲһֺܴĿ飬һֶѣԾмˡ
ãԣ
˵ͷǺ档
һ۳ϸߣֱһӶȥ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ
գ۹򣬾ͳʮûֹͣ˼ҸоȻʮ֮һĻûõ


1736 ͻƹʥ

ͣ
ô
ˡνʥȫǺĿ
֪λѧ׻ʦ潯峤һȻΪóܴﵽ־磬ҲΪ档
ͷΣͼ̫СҵϸߣѾ˱Ե
ͼ磬ǿʦôֶηӡһأҲֻǸ۵ռ䣬ʦ½ޱ޼ʣֱܹҲ
ԣʵ飬ﲻޡ
Կ϶һ㣬һϣȻȹʥ
ȻֻǡϿʡϻ˺ܴһأܱ֤ʥ깥ɱҪԿּǿߣ϶ġ
ͼСӵ߼ʣҲ˵꾳磬ΪǿˡֻҪľΪҲĥͻ磬ǱȻ
˽ʥп
λӵ츳̫ˡ
ˣΪﵽླԲҲ˺ԶŽ۷壬Ѿ㹻
ԤԱ˵ͻƵĹʥ磬һûôѡ
ʵҪҲܼ򵥣һĹǿһ¡
һȡһķ
⣬Ͷ׻裬⣬γԼһϵԷףż˵ʣͽҵĹ޹Ҳй¶ܡ
׹ӣżĹЧĻ⣬һʱ䣬꾳磬ͻһ
깦˽ʥǼ
ţϣϣճʥɹ΢΢һЦ
ʥ
˽ʥҡҡͷӣͻƹʥľԹԼصĸ֮ʥѣ׹ЧҲֻʮ֮һҵļʰˣ
ʮ֮һһ㶡
ǰʥԽһ㻯ţ˵ʳɱ䣬ġô׾ͳɹġ
˽ʥͷͣδ䣬ͻȻе黭ͣζһһۡ
ţһۻֱ񷣬롣
ǡͻƹʥ
۾Բ˽ʥֻӲը˶ˡ
˵꣬ͻ磬ʮѣͻƣ˭
æ۵Ŀȥ漴һЩаĳڿУ̰ſе͹ʥ֮ԽԽ磬ԽԽ
ɽӣ۳ɴ󺣣̫죬ڵϢƲסݡ
ǡı
˿ĭ˽ʥ̲ס
˵ͷԼҲ΢Щ⡣
˿ͻƵģ
ղŽӰټҵ˸ߺûлصָǸں⸱ļͼڡ
ǰ벽ʥټʮһʿѪͻǣղնɱˣҲû꣬㹻ֻһţ˿ͼʥ֮㣬Ȼһٳɹ˳ﵽ־硣

ۻϯ쫷磬һζͼ磬ܲסҪ
ȥͼֱӻٻ
˽ʥͫ
ߣͻƹʥ׼ԴͻƵһ룬Ͳˡ
ֻǼû뵽ʱͻƣûǰ׼
ʦ½Ļ㣬άֻ֣һǺȣѾ˻ζʱ
òףҵԳʥĹʥ֮Ҫ𻵣񲻹һ
ˡ
֪²ɣüëһָ͵ص˳ȥ

һѪҺֱȥɢ
֮ǰǸϹ˶µġ
ż潫ѪҺѼʱҪ˵ʲô̺࣬
̣
ѪҺһӴѪһ㣬˾⣬ƺɲ
ѪҺ
ĵΡ
ϣʱֹͣһɻֺ޵еϢɢ˺ƿռ䣬Ҫͼܳȥ
¡¡
ͼռ˺ѳ϶һƸ
٣
ͻƹʥеĹʥ٣
£۵ռ䣬ǲ׽ٵģͻƹʥʵ̫ǿˣͼȻڲס
꣡
棬滹ѪҺûģļӳ£뵶һѪۡ
£øӹ죬ǡ

֪˶ãɢڿУһͼռжһƿ
ﵽʥˣ
еһЦţһΣǰֱӰݵڵأˣ


1737 ʥ֮Ѫ
ɣ
һУģ̸елص
֮ǰླԲǿߣʤҪֶȫʩչһʮɱ
ʥͲླֻһȼȴ֮ٶ࣬Ҳ޷ֲ
Աˡ
³һ۾Ź⡣
λʥѹȣԷһֱֵĻ֮ᣬҲ޷˵ֺ˿ȫͬˡ
ͬΪʥֻҪҶ֣׷ѰϢԴȪˣ
ż棬ˡ
˵ֶٴӣ֮ǰĹʥʬ壬޷֮£ͬĹʥնɱ
ٲ֮ᣬһˡ
ȹΪɣ
һٶ˵ȥһ๮ΪϤ
ͷӦһһΣԶȥûԶ˷ɹǹٴιİݵ
ͻƹʥŷ֣ǹзӡжǿһƽ⣬ͻˣҲȫǶ֡
ǹ
һĻ˽ʥɴ۾
ֻǿ߳񲻱ʾǹǿ
֪ǹʥµıǰٹ⣬
ûʲôһЩСԵѡЦЦ
⻹СԵ
˽ʥһΣû
ǲǶСԵʲô⣿
ĳǹͻƹʥԼʥЩСԵĻɶдģ
Ժȥͼͻ
ֱͣһ˹ȥ
ʱ䲻һһץһǰ
ı塣
ղʶ۳˿ӵʱ򣬾ͷˡ
ܿ

У˽ʥˣһΣٴγڴ֮Уǰǽڴ˿̹⻬£ûаۼ
Ǻһ뿪
Щĸ
ɵҪıʮʥŨǽϵ̵֡ģͬмô
ٶȣҪʮ
һˣﰲպľʥ֮Ѫȡͻƣ
λʥһۣͬʱҡͷ
ǵʵڶֻϺȣŬȡͻơ
Ҳ
ززҲ˵ͷ
ŸͻƼ񲻻ȥ϶׸
ʦҸһ֪ǽκ̴ȥˣԴңǰ
ţ˵ͷһ£ָһ֮ǰĹʥ֮Ѫ˹
ȽѪҺգ
ȥΣղ٣ѪҺȻȴҲѧҪ
ǣ
ϥ£ŽѪҺսڣȫʮӣվо䣬ҫ˷
㡭ˣһ㶡
ףΪλѪҺͬͬԴôҲô죿
ˣŵͷʦҸľ󣬶תٶȣʮֿ٣ѪҺҲỨ̫ʱ䣡
磿
ָһ㣬һӿԷڣȻ֣ľţתͨ˿˲֪١
Ī
ѹôʥ֮ѪľͼȹʥĶҪ
߰ɣ
ȻѪҺ˵ӵ˱Ҳ˵ֱȥ
Ŷ뿪˽ʥЦ̲סпʦͽǱ̬
һѪҺҪڵڣҹԷվ湻̬ġ
ҲҪӿٶˣȻ汻ӡͽﳬϺڣ
νʥ
Ҳǣ
˵ͷ˲ٶ˵ͬʱڵϣʼ

棬һҪΪ
ɵ⣬ʹ顣
׼ôʱ䣬ѪŵԽɵζû뵽ʲôûõͱ˱һ٣˳
ˣֻܹԼֲ˱ˣ
һĹʥƬ̣
ǼˣһѱôʥޣôıЩƾʵ϶ǵĶ֣
Ьҧ
Ǽһʲô˲
Ҳֻ޳ͱˣûŻܸϵǵʵ
ǰΪƽ
ƾЩаӮķڷ
Ҳҧ
⡭
ĬƬ̺𣺡֣Щĺ󱲣йƽԣ֪ɷ͸棿
Ҫҵ飬ҲģֻҪǲΥ£Ҳ֣
ż
˽˴ɵδ뿪һֱܡ
Ȼֲ֣Ҿͷˡ
Ӱټλ棬Ӧһ


1738 ͵Ϯʥ

ɵķӡâһŶ˷˳
ߣ
ЬˣˢˢΧ˹
ô밤᣿üߡ
ǵȻ֪ж½أѵΪԼɱ˲ɣ
ֻ㹫ƽһһһʹñ޳裡һǲң
Ьҧ
ƽעʲôƤһ̧
ûжעûЩˣ˷ʱ䡣
ղźָιʥ֮ѪֻҪǱԣͬóѪҺע
Ь˻ûش֮ǰǸʥǵĶעĶעʲô
ҵģ
ͣһ£ҿ飬ɱǣ
ʥؿܡ
ƽ˭Ӯ˭䣬һҳιʥ֮ѪעһԼӮ
ˣļͼ
ļͼΪע

Ь˷׷׺˳
ûͼһɵһı鿴û˯ѰɣǾãǼѪܸļͼ
ǡע϶УˣעҪԼ
Ĭһ£ٴε
ʥؿڸˡ
νҲȣȾˡ˸
Ҳûȣá
ιʥ֮ѪȡļͼУһνĻᣬΣ
Ӱټλʥ
⡭ǿԣֻǣҽԲǲླԲ󼶱𣬱޳趼ãҲйƽ

Ҳ䣬һνᣬʲô
ѹΪͬʥ
ʹñֲ׼޳裬ƺܶˣΪ֮սȷʧʡ
Ǿͺãʼɣ
ǰһٺһЦΪ˲˷ʱ䣬ǿһϣôͬʱҿס֣һϼǰ£
ɱǣҲҪʵˡ
Ь꣬ҧȫΪѹ͵Բȳ˸
ٶȼ죬Ҳ֪ʲô似գ۹ǰָſͷ¡
ãԷ϶ڽӵʱؿһۣûӦͿԷѾؿڡ
أ
ɶڵϴڴڵѪ
Էγ֣ôСȻû
һϰɣһ˿϶Ӯ˵ģ
һķЬ꣬
һϣ
ղŵĶսҲˣ֪ͬ£սԶǣٲɣͬʱ˹
أ
û嵽ǰ͵ȳ˹ȥ绢Ⱥûһ֮С
֮սĶӰټҵ콾Ϊͬûܹ⣬λǰͯһЦ
ǿ
һĻʥ֪ˣ
һȻֻǽԲսȴȻԺͲླǿˣ
ԽսӰټңҲֻڿʫϿ
ǲǶ֡ɣ
սһᣬ˵ȷһ֮УȻϣʥ
ûͻ
ȺеΧ£һʧ󣬱Ьҵָ˹ȥ
ۼҪ̴࣬𣬶Դ˹
ȻܾˣЬȻ̴ܴߵ࣬ԴҲᱻĳ⽴
ؼǣ˵Ѿ޷֡
ס֡
ʥȣһ͵ӿ˳ܵĿռֹ֣סԷıɱ֮֡
ŸͷţͿЬʱ̴廯һĺۼ˹
һ̣һġ

˹
ǡʥ
ʥͫһ
û뵽һνֻΪ֣ȷλã
һҪܣȴ֣Ϣ֣Ѳá
꣡
â壬Ѫӿ
лˣ
һЦһ«·ѪҺȫסжʮΡ
ιʥ֮ѪȻ֣һʼ׼ˣһʧһЩ
֮ǰѹȵãѵһ٣˿ֻᣬܷŹ
㡭
ʧѪ࣬λʥɫףҪ֣͸еһ
֪żλ棬ʱᶯ֣Ȼŭͣ
ùʥһСƣؼˣȥš
ȻӢ۳٣Ӱټˣǣ

һЬˣߣλʥһΣҪ뿪
ˣûιʥ֮Ѫأôˣ
Զ̲ס
һ򣬹ʥɣһѪָһһƿȥ
תߡ
˵öˣᱻ
ؿڡˣ͵ûˣ


1739 
⻹࣡
ƿסĵ˵ͷ
䣬ȻҪۣʥҲ⣡
ʥˣ
żλ棬ƺҲš
ţͷ
ã̫ˣ
żһЦ
ЩͿһ֧ż壬ʵ̫ˣбҲͱżٴζһλʥǿ
ұԣӾԶԱż壬ߵĸԶ
һѧӰټҪȥǣиˡ
ӰټҵĹʥĹʥ뿪ֻʣһЩʥ޺ʦΣգȭ
ȥɣ
ż˰֡
֪ûλ͵Ϯɹ֮ǰпܱλʥɱˣһŴ·ֱһӶȥ
˲֪ԶٴλͷɵѾЩģͣ
ҺӰټҵˣǴֵģ
һۣ΢΢һЦ
ͺززҲǴ뿪ѩ磬ţҲһ磬
ƣ
֮ǰֻܽ˵ļ룬ռϣ˿˹ʥּϣҲѲס֣һն

һѷ֡
һֱȥ
һ̣³ڱѩ֮С
˿̵磬Ѿû˱ѩеֻǻŽأⰻȻ
Ǵ뿪֮ǰѪ߻ڣɣǲǽһ硣
һΣĳڣ׾ͱҵֱ˽ȥ

ٴγ֣һɽ֡
κӦþ磬Ӧķֵڣ
һΧĻŵ
˵ͷһһöҩģ£
ǣ
ſȥ֮ŲԴɻĿʦǽⶾ
ˮԴжСһЩ
͡
Ϊ̥רſʦ鼮һ۾Ϳ֣ûеô򵥣ʮְûʥޣʵϵǾ綾˷ʤ
Žʦ󣺡ʦô죿
ܼ򵥣ҵڵλã⣬ķֵϷ
ǰεľ飬Ѿ֪˹ɡ
Ҹ򣬻ǰС
УǶЫ֮Ķӵη壬һ·ǰУδʲôΣա
˰ʱһȺʦ˿ȫɫ࣬˾綾
˼öںϵĵҩæⶾϸѯ˼䣬жϳڵλڣ˹ȥ
ˡ
һʱ󣬶һˮǰͣ
ֻǸͨˮʦΪξǳڣ
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֮ǰѯʣԷĻϸˣǶ֪ںδʦôȷģ
ܼ򵥡
Ҳ˵һץһֻϾͱָ⡣
ϣСͨ޺죬һ֪ʮ㡣
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꣡
ֻһ£Է;ʹ̴ƤҺȥҲɶҺɢ
Ƭֱ̹ʼڣ˺ࡣ
ʦ
֪ʦΪż
һѪҺ࣬Ѿˡ
ż
ٴһץˮеĳˮ˿ڴ
̣
ֱϵľ綾˿һ㣬ð̣֮ǰĺס࣬ˣܿ죬ƻָûйһ㡣
⡭
ԭأˮԽⶾ

˵ͷʦżĿģΪĥ󱲣ʸ̳ıأɱˣԡڴȻнⶾƷ˶ˣ´кã
ŻȻ
֮ǰǲʦǴﶾ࣬Σգ֮䣬ƽ⣬һһģ춨ʦĹȻڣҩȻҲڣԣҶ϶ǳڣ
Ц
ղѯȺʦ϶ѯʳģ֪϶ˣĵ
ڲ֪ĵطôʱľȻ֪
ҵַ֣ΧûԿٲȷɵˡ
ʦھƿռȥκ𣿡
ҵڣ̲ס
㣬κ̵ȥķֵӦþϷ
żţȽԴԴϵĲ綾ĳˮȻۣȽⶫȡ˵

磬ߣɳĮ磬ѩǺʯ磬Ҳ֮
;ʯһԽֵżİ
ǰ׼б޻
˵꣬Ҳϻһݣֱˮʧ


1740 
ˮ̫ֻʮ׵ӣ·Ƿӡ⣬߽ȥһ硣
ǰΧ
һȦ󣬲δʲô˵ʯ֮Ķûҵɾĺʹˮһ㡣
ѵ´ˣûģߡѱ˽ȵǣ
üͷ塣
ԣıȡߣ˾ȣ϶ͻˡ
ɳĮ磬ȡߣɳĮʧ磬뿪䲻֪ΣûǿƣʥޱȻٲ֮ǰôء
ҲһֲȣӵмǿĽⶾ˵Ĳδ⵽ƻ
ۣ֮
·תڳﻷˣȻ˲Ծ
ˮܹ˽ⶾʣƺ𽥼١
ɳԭشƬ̣ٴοȥֽⶾȻָ
ʦҵûУ
ǰ
ûУӦò³ʲôˣȥǱ߸۸͹΢΢һЦ
ת뿪ʱ䲻һ˹
ӹͣһ֦ȫ˸ɾһϸߣӸӵǰǰһ˦ھͷһζ
ǡͣʦҪ㣿
һ
ʦȻͺ˵ͣ㡣
ǰӵ٣߮ޣû´ֻܵķûã
һЦ
֮ǰڿʦĲ鼮һнܣӵ٣߮ޡ˵ʦ͵㣬߮ķʽȡǴȡϢޡ
Ϊǿʦʴȵı֣˿̲ףָģ˫ȥץΨһҪȡķֻһǾǴ
ˮУ
ܹĥľ˽佾꣬Ȼ
ͨ˵㣬ԼںϽأͬοΪﵽ־硣
ɵϸߣˮƮͻȻã磬ǵûеĿ£һ֣ʵȻ֮С
Ϲʱڣ㣬û֣桢ȱȽǣ缸ͬ
Ҳ˵ⲢǶ磬һɽ֡
ҵȻС
ͻƴʥʱĹתǱһʯһľһɳȻڡ
ľڰ֮У
29.91
29.92


ʱǰˮͻȻһ漴һ
ʦϹˣ
ͷȥ漴һʺɫĽ𣬹ϸϣͣҡڣˮĽ
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Ȼֱӳʥ30.0ľȴﵽʥ

ѹͣһ𱻵ˮ档

һڵϱQ£漴ͲͣϣǺ٣ܲסŴ۾ɴû˺
ʦˡԴż
ⲻ
ôˣ
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ˣ
Цãһϣ˼£ͬʱָһһɫĻ׵ָ⣺˼˼͵ˣôհ
ȿȣϵĽһβŵأվ˼ϰˣϰˣþûϰһϰ;úѣΪˡ

Ƥһ
һ˵
ңô㣬ôף
һǲླԲʵ˵ϰӵ͡
һ漴ɻĿȻʵôᱻ
ʵͬѾ˼Ϊ߼ǻۣͨ͵оôô˼飿
û취ҲϰߣʦңÿεϺ󣬾ͻȻٹһֱظһ죬ҪʮΣϰˣϰˣ
Ϳϣ
Ƥ鴤
ʵ챻˵ִ˲ƣ㲻
ؼǣʦͬһ㡭Ҳ湻еġ
˵û´ʦӦúһõ˿Ҫɵģ߰ɣԼѧⲻˣЦЦǰ㡣
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ŻȻ
ѹ֣һͨ㣬ླԲԭһֱɿʦ
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䷽֮۶Կ֮˼ˣû֣ǰȴֱô֮ѡòҧס߱
ˮ£µĽⶾϢҵ£ҾͲ³ˣ˵ͷϢӦǿʦеİɣ


1741 
ղרöҧԼһſҲһ£еĽҩô඾涾Һġ
һŲȻ֮ͬ
ӵģ˿ʦʵ벻ˣԼϸߴû뵽ȻϹ
ǿʦе㡭ôҲ
ɻĿ
ΪҲʦЦЦ
ʦѹ֡Ȼ۾һҪһ𣡿ʦҴ˵ֻҪһʦͿԸߡ챻ˣ
챻Ƥһ顣
ǸŰ
Ƚҵ۵ռ䣬Ҫֵʱٳ֣
˰֡
ϣ
һ˷ܣһ̾ͱսָ漴һ޴İש
שĺþ¡̲ס̾
שûôģҲûôò˷ѵġ
שȫҶש˽Դ¯ҲԴҧгݵĽ͡
¯۾һ˵ˣңԣǿҡ벻Կ㣿ԵĻ㣬ҶͲסˡ
Դ
ÿˣƬɣһߣâ䡣
ˡ
Ȼһʥڣһ飬ٲҷϻ

֪۵ռڷ£ŷɵϷ
֮ǰһʮ׵ĸ߶ȣѼһ֣һ

ռѣһѺ۳֣һ·ϣܿһƽء
ϴνɵһһ޴Ĺǰ֡
ˣȥɣ
˼Ҵǰȥ
ǡ޵ѵǿʦסĵط
мϣд֡޵Ҳ˵Ӧǵʦסڡ
ʦѾˣǿɣ
ǰȥȻ޵ĴȻֻʣ·ӡ棬ȻѾ˽С
ߣ
ȡС䣬˱ֱȥ
ϴһûд߶ӦʣСɽУûһϰ
ú֮ǰĴɵȻͬʮּӣǿдġ޵֣ỳɣǲġ
տʲôƷûУֻһ齣ڴ档
ûзġûл滭ûеܡ޵ɾֽͬ
ǿʦסĵط
ĿԲ
ƺš
ʦµǧʥʮ֮࣬ǿߵ֮ʦסĻȻôء
ʦĵпһܿȥ
֮ǰĶһһв֣ԵȻȻУľˬûһ㵣Ǻҡ
ֵطľмİ
Żκǿ϶Ѿˣֻǡ
ҲɻĿܡ
ڣյģֻǶˣŻ󿪣Ӧ˲ˣôһټûУ
䣡
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Ӧǰ桭
оϢǰ洫ڣҴǰǰĲţ˳ȥ
һţ̸еһŨŨϯѹĶˣɻζ¡
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Ѿˣذɣ
һ
ö˶Ҫܹ⣬ЩǻѪõܸˣ
ĵرе߾֮ǰ׼ȻУ

˳ȥڶš
ֱߵһʮңκУʣµľ˴ͬ·ӰټеķΡ
ֱߣֻһվԭأǰһԲ飬ת
飡
ȻǺþòģߣ
ʦ
߽˫ͣ۾һ
ͷӦһӰټҵˡ
ʱκ̺֮ǰһûһ㣬˫ǰԶĵطһʥöʵ£𽥱ʺ죬ʱ졣
ⲻͨʥǴﵽʥģɻǰͺԶ۹ǸͬĹʵ̷֮󣬿ľӰٷ֮ʮĻᣬϡﵽʥ𣡡
ľͻƹʥһ㶣漴Ȼ
ľѾид
׻ֻ֮࣬ҪӵйȫԳ߾磬ľ
ⶼüˣҲŴ28.129.99ʥ30.0ǲһ㡣
ֻ0.01Ҫȥȴ֪ҪѶѪ
ⶫܰͻƣ񲻴ʥҲûôѣֿɵã


1742 
ǰȻҲôģκ̣ץˡߵͷ
۾
ò˵Ӱټұʦã˽ǰ
̺ʥ֮ļͼ˿̣ܹͻľ
ƺͽо͸ˣ׼ʮֳ㡣
¡¡
κͣ£ϵһζȻɢŨ
ʵ죡

κɫףڴŴ
Ȼ߶Щʵ죬ļ
κ̣
żæȥ
ʦ㣿
κ̴ӹرʶ״̬»ָ漴˶ˣ۾̲סһʦ
ţ
Ȼû£ʵҲƺٴЩ˿
ʦ
û뵽ʦκ̼æ˹û߼ͱһ굲ס
㻹ܹȥȰժ˵
κüͷһ壺ÿ
ˣӦʲôɫһ
вңκһ㶣뷢ʦ𣺡ôӳˣժҪѧæ̣
ҲӰټ˵ı飬
ǣһΣκƹ꣬˹ȥ
κʦüͷһ壬á
ңͷ
ãȻκĻǾժ¹ʵöԸһöΪ
ֻκһö
һ£һ㡣
ͷʣµöӰټãûȥܸһöҲǿһ͵ķϡôҪҿ滻Ʒ
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뽲
ܹΪκ̵ʰɣ
ǣ
ǰܹڳ죬ҲΪ߶ɣ

ǾͼˣʲôöûУöʵȫУ⻹ʲôġˣ̣ȥժ£ȫװϰɣ
һ£һĵ
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֪ں˭˵û뵽λ˲ʶ̧٣һŭȡ

ʣ°ˣˢˢΧģϢͷţȻʹɵһȫǲླԲǿߣ
ʦ
Χκѿ˵ͼʦƣõģΪʦУ
ţ
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˸Ȼʥֱ޳裬óͿԴǻֲá
붯֣ѵһ⼸֪ߵغļһһߵɣ
˵꣬Ҳش𣬽һΣѾȺ
һ֣ʾʵ
Ȼһﵽ˲ླԲ

Կۡ
ϴδң뿪ʱŮʥأŹ˶ã
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ٶȣδ̫˰ɣ
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ˣ
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ӰټҰ˴֣Ȼǿ󣬿ɺŮȣǲ˲١
ƺ;ϵĸˣ
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ֿһᣬ֪ߣ϶䣬һЦǰ
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һ£۾Ź⡣
ͨʥ˰ħﵽ˴ʥЧȻ
ҵľܿܳ30.0ɹ
ľѾﵽ29.99ʥֻ΢һ˿ȫԲ̷ʵֻҪ£ϸͻƣָտɴ
ипκԸǰֱʵץ˹ȥ
ˣ
Ҫ𿪡
ɢŮֶλ⡣
꣡
ʵժ
̣
ʵͬʱһɺ̴Ӷѵ֦ɢӿ˳κ֡
Ƕ
һ㶡
û뵽ͬʱжӹ
ѹ֣Щ겻Ҳժ֣Ũ̶ȣҶ֣ŪãᱻС


1743 
Щ˵Ի⣬κ̾Ǵ֮ˣڣŮںڵУͷų˷ܵĹâ
ЩΪһ㶡
κ̵ͷ
춾塭п
ʣ湻ǿġ
˱մϣԼƣһȴܽ֡
ܿ콫꣬ʵʢţκڶöʵǰٴתȫһӿŮһ£ɫЩס
ô£
üͷ
̫ǿˣٶޡκ̻ش
춾壬Ҳƣ̫࣬ͬǵı壬ڶöʵȵһöɢϢӾŨЩⲻס
ôһᣬŽڷڵϢѹס˿κٴοöʵ
̣
ζŨκ̶ĽζɫҰףЩֲס͸еһ磡

ǣ
֪ʦڰæκҲ˵Ϣƶڣؿ˹ȥ
ժɢĶӣľҲкܺõãæͨŮڵõߡ
Ԥϵһ֮ÿժһöʵͼǿ֣ﵽöʱ򣬶ɢƺռ䶼ܸʴ
ȫͣŮߵķλӳ֪ͨ˶ãκȫ֨֨׳ͨΪҲһﵽ˲ླԲ
лʦ
κ̹ȭһ
ʦæЩҪ˷һ룬ؼǣпΪܲסܵˡ
ڣȫޣﵽ˲ླԲʵϰԵ춾ʥ֮£½޵֡
ЦЦٴοںսİ˸꣬ɫ
Ҫκ̲ժĻԽԽǿȻɲĥˣ˺һöʵֲģ
ȺһЩȴû˿ʩĿ
أ
˫սʱҲ˽Ͼߣսֿ֣סȫˣһݷף˵ѿ
ܽʸѰ˵Ӱټҵĵλȫ͡
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ţͣһ£ȡһö˹ܵõôʵ㹦ûȽöţæʹãһ׽ľķðľ̶ȣٽ29.9ʱٷùʵһٳʥ
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ָһ㣬֮ǰľķݹȥ
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л
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ƺ֪˵Щʲô˰֣ڹ֮ʦͽ֣ʦ֮죡鲻ܿأ񲻿ɷϡӦף֮䣬ûпܵģ֮ǰֻһᣬҺңѾҲԼϲˣ£
ȻܸҸϾܾ
ˮҲ뵢˶Էһ
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һţɫҲ
һΪʦΪ
ѧܺʦʲô򣬾ΥڣΪݡ
Ȼ׷ҸȴҲڡ
ˣ˵ʵӲ䲻󣬻иߵĿ׷Ժ϶Ҹʵģ
⸱飬΢΢һЦ
ĺݣϲǲϲû취ĵġ
ľҿܲҵԬΡ
֪Ҫ㹻ʱ仺壬˰֣뽫˵꣬ԺжһˣҿߣҪ𣿡
ߣһ㶡
ΪһģһѣȻȡߣ԰


1744 
Ǿʹߣ
۾ˡ
ղžţҪܹ߶ãҲԽͻƵʥľû뵽ͷ
Ҳ׹
ǶĺģӦľ޵߱ȻŲɰĹϵʦ£϶ҲĿĺʹ㡣
ã
Ը˳βһҡ԰ˮ֮С

ˮеˮתγһ޴С
𽥷һ֣ͽڣ˵档
⡭
û뵽ףͽľժ۾һ漴һ

ľͳˮͬʱս۵ռ䣬һյأԶͬγһεУʱʱˮ
æľȥͼոֵûΪǨƣήң֦Ҷï֮ǰԶҵõӦһγһ̲ľͨ
ľʥӦòˡ
һЦ
۵ռ䣬ʱȥʥľȻ򵥲١
Ȼķ̷һöֻľΪĺԶ̷ֱЩ˷ѣĸˣЧ
ʦ
ߣŵɻĿ
Ҳȥ۵ռ
ûľҲûʲô壬һӣŮͬʱսռ䣬Լֱ޵ȥ


۶֫˳˸Ӱټ꣬ȫĲͣץ
࣬ô죿
˶ѹͷʼָһҲ̲סʵ
ǸղŵǸΪ꣬ӻʥĺˡ
¾ܾôˡ
ɫ࣬ҧ
ΪӰټҺˣʦ½ˣУûɶ
ϣܱǽãӦýǣû뵽ѱȫ˲˵ֱ
һҪúóͷ
ʵǿǸߵģܹģ
źκ̣Ҳﵽ˲ླԲǸⲻ

Ҳ
ȻߺޣȴҲף˵ʵʵ̫ǿڵԿġ
ȻǶ֣ʧ£϶֣ھ͸Ѷ
һǿסʹȡһƣոշ£Ѷȥδϸ˵˭ɵģֻ˵ᣬˡ
ѶϢմݳȥãһŨѹȸУϯ˺
ţһӰͻأǰǵӣɫô£
˵ָ꣬һ㣬һѪҺֳɰ˷ӿڣ֮ǰѵ֫ЩѪ£ָܿ
ʥǿеĵѪ
ӰȻǹʥĳǿߣ
棬һҪ
ָˣͬʱݵڵء
˭ɵģ
Ӱ۾
ʮģûк룬һ˫۾ɱ֮⣬ɫв԰ףҲ֪Ǵռ̫죬ֵķɣʲôΣա
ʦ½һλʦ
ҧǴκ̣죬һˣȻʵߣǴˣ۶֫
ǿ˵Լݣ
˵ˣ˵ԼӰټҵˣЩʵãһ˵ֳһЩꡭˣɶ֣
ʦ½ˣʲôʱôˣ
һŭȣӰϵϢ͵ը񱩵ѹ˶ɪɪҴ˵
ӰټҺʦãͬпʦأǵˣʵˣһȴᣬ˿ضʲô
һҪΪǼһɱˣ
㲻ɱҲҪ۶֪֫ۡ
淢ŭȫ˻
ģһ
Ӱ˵ͷʶɢ𣺡ղŽȥλʦλѵĺ󱲣ǣҸǣǾͱ²ˣ

Хûһ
ӣĳλʥĺȻû˱ӻͱҲˡ
˻شһӰɷӿ˵ǰĺһ󼤶
棬һˡ
ǰ޵ĹâһΣһӰͻأǰ
һҪ֪
ҧδ䣬ͼһ棬һһĲ˼飺˵
ͷ
һ£һԼ

Ӱʧ
ࡣ
ˡ


1745 ʯ
ȫˡ
ǵ棬ʥǿߣڿҪΪ壬һתߣû˿ɡ
ʲô£
һﲻǸԲ
ôо治֮ԣ
˾ƣӰҪѪ
֮ǰڴɵ⣬ѪҺλʥ
һȻںɶԷӵйʥĳλź죬Ҳһֱ棬֪ںδ
ѾˣҪһһΧסŪڴˡ
ʥ䣬Ҫɱһı
ţλܹɵΪо͸żҵ޵ûκιϵû뵽תһȦһ
Ǽڰ£ʱܴţæˣǣһѳһ
ߡ
ӰټǿƣȻֻһλʥֻˣҪҪֳֻܷչһ
ΪʦãˣԼ򣬶Ͷҷôû뵽һ¶ͱˡ
ԽԽñߡ
ܳΪʥʲôû˻ۣȥ鷳

ֳ߳˷ӡ
Ӱټҵˣһ٣֪϶ʥԣǰ׼
ʥ¶棬ŵĻɱܣһ¶棬ƾ֮ᣬҲûʲôηġ
߳ӡ漴˸ˣѾվԭأԼŭȴδκζ
ָˣ
üëһ壬Сܿȥ
ܹ۶ϵ֫ԭҪټʱ⣬űӳʮӣͻָ³Թʥ֮֡
һȦδʲô˿սսİλ꣬һΣʱ·ȥ
»ص磬û˽ˮߵĶԽԽ̬࣬Щˡ
ų뿪һ̣һʯ硣
ͬ˹ͺͺɽһɫûУĴǾ޴ʯʯ֡
ûɳĮĸҲûд㣬ʯ½룬ÿһͬһۻ֮С
Щʯݱһֹ
һʵʯü
ǰֵʯɭ֣̬죬һǿߣչʾ似
Ծ֪ˡ
һƬʯͷȺ˹ȥаնԷ̬ģ⣬Ȼеķʽתһ̣һ
žણ
ըѵһڵСǰ
Ȼ似ôǿ
ͫһ
ֻģ£ûѲɡôʯͷһǿ
Ҫˡ￪ʼ˳ʲô
˳ˣֻô
Ȳˣҵ˵
ҵڣҵӦķֵ˵Щ磬ֻǿ飬ıڿڲ
ٴѡһ򣬴󲽷ӡ
ʱҴһЩټźۼ׷Ѱʱ䲻ȻһȺʦվڿյ۲ݡ
ҵ˳ǶԵģԲ⣡
ҵĲǶԵģʯͷԸˣ
ǶˣҸղѾ˲٣Ǳһ
Ҳˣֵ³£ʵ˵ɡ

λʦ˵䣬֣Х䡣
ǶϢסˣܵʯͷ
͵ؿЩһѾˡ
һᣬҡҡͷ
ڽأʦ϶֣û뵽Ҳһ
ܿ죬һʤ
ҵ󣬿϶˳ʼݰɣ
ʤʦĵ˵ͷ
ãǾͰķ
ͬ⡣
ݣ
һͷˮ
ôԽԽˣ
ʦһη񣬲Ƴ
һ࣬ۿ
ʤʦȡʯͷǰм룬ʱ䲻ȼͷųɫĹâ
ţһӰͻأʯͷϸ֣趯ʾĳֹ
ղΣڵת
һ
ʯͷϸֵӰʩչһϢתʽ˸ղЩƣȴֲ̫ͬ
ǲԣҵ˳ЩϢҲӲϡۣ
Ӱһ趯ʤʦһᣬɫһףһѪ
Ϣתͬ߻ħΪѾҶԣû뵽Ǵġ
оɣβٴˣȻֻһֱ⡭
εҡҡͷʤʦһоܵʯͷͼһ˹λҸ֪ʲô


1746 

Ⱥʦĸ㲻
ʦ񣬲ȴһ룬ؼǣԷҪ뿪ЩٶйأɻҲͲס˳
ʥҲη壬ûҪˣβδαװ
ǰļλʦƺʶһ衣
Ҳףܽżģһгչص̫ϳϣЩˣѾˣֵö󣬵ǲ֪顣
Ҳʦ
Ǿ裬ֻЦЦԼĻ´ǰ
ԭҲǣô䵥ˣ
£˿ղʤʦ˹
ԣʱ䡭
ļǿؼۻңȷУһȻû߻ħҲ˵ģʤʦЦЦ
̸һᣬ֪λʤʦľ㣬мľҵˡ
չ꣬Ÿճʲô֪
˵ԼҲû̫Ӧ
ղҿλм룬ȻǽϳӰô£
һᣬϤеɻ˳
ʯʯͷ񹤣̺似͹Ѿľ͵ֻЩ£ҪѧᣬҪԼѰ˳򣬻ʯͷеȱӡǣϢںϣƿ磬Ӧķֵ
ֵ
һ㶡
ǵһеʦ˵⻰
ǰ֮ǰѾˣǱȽģڶûɹľЦ
˼ǡ˽˷ֵ֪νķֵʲô
ʥ̺ʦʮʥʥЩʯ֣µĹؼֵӦܻôСԣһֱŬѰҹɡȻҲˣǾһһҵƬʯֵĹ˳򣬾ͿԺһֵ
ľ
׹
ʯֵֽķ粻ͬ
磬ҵڣڶӦϷƿռܷ֣Ҫҵʯ¹ɡ
ôʯͷôоĹ
֪˽ֵķżɻʵ
ܵʯͷ֮࣬ȫ꣬˳򣬻
ʯͷҲǷģһƽʯͷ̺һλȱʥӰӰڵʯͷһңеĿԿ̬̺еǴʯͷ̺ĴһǧңȻЩʯͷѰҹɣ
ľ͡
Ȼ
·ϣˣʯͷֻ̺ûϸ㣬û뵽ǾűһĹϵ
һΧС˲٣˲ٹ
ʱ䵢󲻵ãץʱоɣ
һᣬľ㲻ٶ˵ȡһڵϲ̻ͣƺѰĳֹɡ
ֿʼ˼ۣһݣһߴʯ棬תͷܿ˹ȥ
ԷһѣȻ֣ܵʯͷǰƽʯͷΪԲĽйɵķֲи̺似ʯͷ಻٣պһǧ
ȱݣ
һʯӡԺγһ鼮
ٴοʦ̻ϡ

ѶϢһںϣὫ鼮򿪡
ʮߴȱݡ
ʮߴҳһ˳򣬱ʮ崦ʮΣһȱ
˳ȷģ
˿ٴοˡ
ʱľˣƺָоһȷ˳۲ݡ
÷ϻˣǼ԰ɣ˭ǿ˭˳ǶԵģ
ľ˰֡
ã
ͬʱͷ䣬ͼһֱĴ۲˹λҲҳһ˳򣬸оܼ𣿡
ңŸҵʲôɣǶˡŸʱˣҲûҵȷģ
ľü
ˣģҪøԶҪ࿴ѧչԼ
Ǳԣ˭˳ԣȵһϢŪЩʯͷʲô˵
ôʯͷԱʾͬϳ٣¶٣Щʲô򣿡

λʦҲ˰֡
оôʱ䣬һͷˮһľͲμӣʲôЦ
ҡ
û뵽ᱻܾЦҡͷ
Ҳף塢ӣһʦһǧʯͷ̬ܶǲ˵ȷҳһȷˡ
Ǽ顭
λľкˣʼøոƶϵ˳бԣûͻȻеԶͼ֪꣬ʱѾһƽʯͷӰǰ


1747 ʥ
˷ѡ
û뵽һԼñ棬ʥľüͷһ塣
ҪѵıＫ࣬ǾʦҲ˷ѣһﵹãӣɶûףͿʼ
ҪҪôף
֪ߵغʧһΣ֪Щ˳ҪϸоΪǣ
ǰųԿɣ

ʯͷϵӰڻпʼ趯󣬽ͼ˳ʩչ
һһʽϡ
⡭
ͬʱһ
о˰ˡŸʱû̫һ塢ӣˡ
һ۾ɴ󣬲֪׷ʲô
ԣӰѾϲϣ
һᣬľͻȻڡ
˼ҴҿȥȻѾʥеӰЩϢ˲ͬ
Ҿ˵һɡ
ͬ˿
ȻǺ뿪˴ֵҪһﲻӣҳȷ˳ǵ棬飿ҲԲҪˣ
ˣͬʱҡ
˻ûͿͣüͷ𣬿ǰʯͷеǲã˳ˣ
ۣ
ӰѪ
ľˡ
ҵٴΰ˳ȥʯͷеӰͣһ£ѧ

ľ˵һһı顣
˰ˡŸʱûҵȷ˳һһҶԣָӰ˵Ūˡ
⴦ʥģǿʦҲʮʥеһλ˵Ū
ֻͷƤը˶ˡ
ŶԣǲǾˣϢϵĸˣ
ܿ죬ϣͣʯͷеӰ
꣡
ӰδشһΣʧǰʯͷڴʱζһ£һ޴Ĵʯš
͸ʯţԿһã֣Ӧֱܹǰղλľʦ˵ʥ
һ߰ɣ
֣ͨкһ˹ȥ
⡭
һۣľֻý˹ȥֱ˿̣ǲΡ
ʯţһ̣һ磬ȻʥǰԶľҲ̲סǰ
ղŵ˳򣬺ʥʾĲͬΪܹŻ
ɻҲò˼顣
ղţһӰĲϣΪΣӰ˳򣬲һŻˣ
ǰ˳ҲͬѪĿԼ
ҵһ˳򣬷Ӱµ׹⣬޸һ£ӺǿǴģ֪ǶԵģȻҪѧˡ
ͷ
ͼݳģȷĹ
Ӱʯͷе似дԼæȻҪȸԾˡ
Ҷȱ˳򣬻еĴ޸ġ
ľֻɫף˵
ǵʲôĹ̥
⴦ֵǰУʱ䲻ǰĹ㳡ֻѻ˲ˣӦöλľһǴʯ磬ġ
ûдȥֵֻܴ档
ֵǽϣ˱ڻԱߣϸۿһ
֮ǰֻƲ˳򣬶ڣȷ˳͵ǽϣͺ֮ǰһֱԣڵõ˴һ㣬ȫѧϰ´˻ᡣ
ɨһۣЩڻͼݣ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ǰ⴦ֵȷʥ֣һּǿѹȸС
ŵŻֻзӡ棬Ѿ˽С
ȥ
һУСǰȥ
ӡǰ֮һ˽ȥ
ಣಣ
Žûվȣ͸еâ˹ֱࡣ
ɫһǰΣͣζ£â
ǰȥ漴꣬վԭأֳֳͷųŨҵɱ
ˣʦΣʦûκ𣬵ɱŨһʱĸо
ˣ
ͫһ
û뵽Ȼˣ
ô˵ӦʥĴӦñõˣ
ö츳һöʦܲһöżңһöңʣµö䲻żҶӦɵҵӦ޵Ȼߺѽ룡
ˣƺʣµöйء

뷨ԺһţǰλˣδĻᣬͬʱƶâٴ˹
ݺᣬʮ㡣
ˣȻǲླԲʵ
ߣ
üëһһǹģֱһһλ˹ȥͬһʱ̣Դȱͷһͷ


1748 ʥʯ
ͷླԲնɱ
ڵ㲻ߡҲͷ˿Կġ
ʬսָǰȥ
ǰǸܹ˻ÿһϣͷųĹâһУ̸еŨŨѹȸУģ粽С
˵꣬мĥã
ǰһͷ
ɵӵйʥ֮˳ɹʥ޵ӵľıȻܹĥ꣬˻ӡ
ǰ˼δˣü
ſͷ壬Ȼˣ϶ǿߣѰʥĺı
ôûټ
ʲô
һǰĴĸ
һ䱻ӦĵãŻỽѣڵʥʲôӦ֪ʮ
ʥҪǣʦµġʥʯⶫ̺ʦµʥǿżЧȻǵõĳּ䣬С͵
ʥʯ۾һģ
׻꣬ﵽ۷壬ûôҵⶫ϶ܿӣѪδ֪
ڷֵ棬Ǹųȥܿ
СŤһ¡
ã
֪ȷλãٲܵĻ񣬴ǰȥ߳õŻȻһԺǰ
ԺʯͷͬһС͵ʯ֡
ͷˣʯڲԶĵطüͷͣץƺڼʲôҲͷ
ʯֵм䴦Ǹʯ̨ڷһԲεʯͷӰɢĹâһʶĸо
ڸʲô
ûżǰʵ
⣬ԲεʯͷνʥʯȺˣȥȡŸʲô
ǲǲǽȥʥʯ֣򵥣ȴֻһֻͨҪߴһͻᱻеĽɱ
Сһ

һ㶣ٴοȥȻмͷǰˣѾ˫۽գϾ˺
֪׼ȷ裿

֪Сҡҡͷǿʦ˺˵ģȻ׸裬Ӧú֮ǰͨǸйأϸЩʯͷÿһ̺Щȷ˳ӣӦþǽеĹؼ
⵹ǡ
ϸȥȻʯֵʯͷƣ̺ĳֹ
ȱݣ
֮ǰľ飬ʯеȫռܿγһ׷
ΪûпԽģ󼫶ࡣ
˽ķλ޸һ£ࡣ
޸ϰٴΣγȷ˳һ
Ѿ˳򣬰˳ͨʯ𣿡
ʵ
ֻҪ˳ȷܽУǧܳ򣬿ʦµĽûôƽ⡭
СЩġ
˵ͷУͻȻһͣס
Щʯͷ˳򣬴һ׹׹дأ
Ա֤ǣȷģɡԷĴ𰸣δȷİ
֮ǰʯһӰִ󣬻Ըִ󡭡˵ģ

ͣһ£ȡġ
нʥ϶ܹסڵɱ
ҽȥˣǼں棬һЩ˵ң͵ǧˣ
ýԴ߸棬Űͼݸ˳ȥ
ʯĳδҵĹɣԱߵĹ˳Ӧúȫͬġ
ҵģʱֱƽǰϰõʥʯ
ȻѾȥʵ飬϶ˣֻһһֻϣʦµĶҪд
һʯͷǰӰ֮ûȥ
㡭
˼ץˣó֣һΣѾԽԷǰ

ͻȻֱֵ࣬壬ɶܣЦ
ͬ˼Ҳ˹ɣ֪طȻ֪ôġ
һһͳ壬պÿԸ̽·
룬Цſʯ꣬˭֪ԷԽԽûܵһ˺
ԣ֪·ߣ׷
⣬ɵҲףһ֪·ˣΪ׵һȣҪ׷ȥûϼ͸еһɱѹæתͷ漴һȺʥޣͺüˢˢǰ
֣
һȣ޺ֱӳ˹ȥ
ž
ӹ󣬼ͷˣȫڵϣû˺


1749 ѹ
ûйѵ׷˳Ҳﵽ⡭˭ĳ
ܿ죬ƹһʯͷмʯ̨һ㵡
õ˳ûһ˿󣬶Ƭʯ֣Ҳˣ
񲻱ص׷Ȼﵽ
ʦһҲӵͼݣԴĦ
⹦ʮ֮˾ǿʦµģԣ֪ĺӵ˸û취ɡ
Ȼʹڸѧǿٽˡ
ͨɣʦȴַ˵ȻӵʣµľͲԶ
һᣬ֪ҪٴμʦȷϣپᣬϢʯ̨ϵʥʯץ˹ȥ
ˣ
ܵ٣ʥʯҫҫ۵Ĺâһ˲䣬׹ң֮Уȫ
ߣ
׻գû£ѹȸУʲô͵ѹץģͬʱҧָ⣬Ѫ˹ȥ
ʱ䲻ʥʯֹͣ˷˳
ʯͷѹʧȡ֮һůĸоʥʯӰζһɹɾĻĻǣӡ
֪ɱĻԵϥ׻壬ǰʯͷ
¡¡
ӿ׻꣬ӣһ˲ͻ˽۷߲γ
һʱ
Ȼﵽ˴ʥأѪԲ
ﵽ־磬ٶҲˣͷȥͼʥʯζӰͣƺҲƣ롣
ⶫҲҪ
һЦ
ʥʯ꾳磬Ҳʯһֻ̺һĻһֱ
ⶫҲֻ֪Ҫһʱ䣬ֿԼʹãʯһԲͬ
ȻҲֵÿʦʢһ˴ۣпˡ
ͻѪʲôӦ
Ѫڤڤ֮иӦߣ׵ķӦͼݣ磬⵽ɣ׻ﵽˣ᲻ͬ⣿
뵽㣬׻Ӧڤڤ֮е⡣
꣡꣡
һ׵Ϯĳ鴤
Ȼ
һ飬Ƥڡ
ΪѾﵽԲͲˣû뵽˿ûиı䡣
ӣ˵׻꣬Ҳ͵ȻͼԵûɶ
ѪǿǰԤΣգáʵȻۿۡ
˵Ҳûκΰ취͵ٴǿˡ
֮ǰͲླԲǿ߶սʹǹǿսʤҪɱ͵ϮֶΣڣ׻ʵȻѹ

֪ʱڣ޷һ뽫սָһеˣöʥʯȽʹ𣿡
ˣˡ
۾һ
Ǳˣ̵عǺ˯ĺˡ
û뵽ʱ˹
ʥʯɢҲѹˣܲܽⶫȽʹáⶫܿٻָ˵
öʥʯϵѾչˡü
ոս̺ոɾԷΣ
ͬûʯҲð
ʥʯȻգֻҪѶãҲԳΪˣȽóٽⶫң
˵
ãͷһ֣֮ʥʯ档

򿪣¶ӣָһ㣬ʥʯ̷˳ȥոձɱļͷ˸ǰת
ˣ
Ƭ̺󣬱Ӱٴζٴɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ǡձꣿ
ͫһ
ۣ֮ʥʯո˸ոȥļͷ˵Ļǣ侻˾
ţʥʯӵо꣬ɻǵã˵ȹʥҪҪ׻ʦĻӡⶫƶɣ
˽͡
ӡƵģ
һ㶣漴Ȼ
ѹֵһۿʥʯʶ֮Уԭˣ
Ҫ֪ӡҲϣʢڴ֮ڣֻһֱûʹùˡ
ܹ꣬תɾĻȷֲܿ
׹
ѹܺʥ֮ȣʢһȻǷ
ţ
аʵҲҪʹ˭ںУаĶҲ£аУٺõƷҲɱ
ˣʥʯĿˣڱ̬˵޷Сԭˣ
ڤڤУָоʦ֪һ㣬Ʒڸ
ˣõҲò
лˣ
˼æʥʯеԼĻ


1750 ̳
عǣʵָΣ
ʥʯеԽԽãѯʵ
ԷָǣΪָһأͷǣٴνعôӴӦýǡ
ˣѾ͸ոսĹʥ£ӵпȹʥսˣ
˵
ʥ۾һ
֮ǰͲ²⣬һ֮󣬻᲻ӵйʥսڿȻˣ
ͬǹʥӵǰս飬ͷʥʬ壬϶ǿ٣
൱һλĹʥһֱػΧȫǻ
ţعǱʥʥӵѹ꣬ûɱ¾֮µȫǾڵңʩչðʦҲû˿ó
˽ŵ
̫ˡ
ȭͷһ
ղŻ룬ӵйʥʦ½ҲʹãȻƾˣͰٿĪ磬ںˣȫ
Ҳԣʥ䲻ǿʦĵӣȴҲͽõʥӵѹع꣬еɱ¾֮ͱϴɾˡ
ԺԷĵʹúˣٲõģνˡ
Ȼָ꣬ȡʵﵽ۷壡
֪˸ǿ̣˿ʯ˳
ǰĹʥ֪٣˶ǿһ֣ȫͶһֱ֤
СһЩ
ʥ»ص֮ǰĵãǽϵ໭ҲһսָһΣ˳ȥ
ʦվʥ⣬ѧϰ̵Ĺؼ
Ԭβʲôط
ü
ֻˣ˵ӰټҵˣδȻˡԬȥ
»صʯ磬ѰңͻȻһһѶƳġ
һּ¶
̳
صĴѶ̳̳ģ磬ҲܹѶˣ
һ㶡
Թֻͬһ磬ѶŻãڣȴӵصѶϢ
ʲôʱҲܴϢˣҪ֮ǰô
̳ɳĮӦķֵɳĮ㣡
֪ɻصѶϢ
ɳĮ磿üûͣЪٴλصʯ硣
߹һΣ֮ǰںδҵʱ䲻»صɳĮ硣
ʱ磬ûɳĮҲûȣۻ룬Ȼûֲȴ֮ǰĴЩˡ
ߣԭо
֮ǰнλѪǿߣʱȻѾͻƵ˲ླƺ˲١
֪ǿż棬Ҳ˵׼֮ǰڵλãٷӣʱ䲻ȻŮأ
ˡ
ЦЦƺɻ󣬽͵磬ѾͨϢûʲôֵģ
ͨһ£漴׹
ҵĳڣҴ߹ڽһ𣬶ҲڲʦҲ紩󣬴ѶϢҲͲˡ
ô֪Ӧ̳
㣬Щ⡣
ûֵǰ֪ʲôؼȻ֪Ϊ֮ǰδ˵
Ѿ˹ȥˣ֪֣ңֵҲˡ
صֵֱǣĸ̳Сɵ޵ʥӰټҵˣӵпĸѾУпʦµĲ飬ȫߡʦӵеҡżҺ壬ֱӦ޵ɵʥ⼸˽룬ǳ׼ֻ̳ûģ⣬Ӧȡߵİɣպһȥ̽飬˳㽫ֵ
˵Ǹ
ʵ
ţص˵ͷǿɣѾв˹ȥӰټҲԬΣҪϬѪҪʲôҲ̫
ţԬ⣬˿
ȥɣ
˵꣬תͷأ
ţͲͯӣ˵ͷָ͵һ㡣
˻
ϷĿռѺۣһͨǰϷһ֡
һָƿռ䣿
üͷһ塣
ɳĮ֮ǰ֪ռļ̶̳ȣҲҪﵽʥƿأָһʹ̴ҪɡѲɣѾҵԵﵽ־磿
ȥɣ
֣ҲͣϷȥϡ
ǰһռһƽأ˲ԶȻһ߸ߵĽǰ˸Źâ̳
˿̵ĵǰȻ˲ˣӰټңҲˣвʥޣȫƺȴţһֵĿ
ǿϢݷȻܹల£Ȼйʥ໥ǣơ


1751 
ʦ
ǰͼʦõʦ˹
ҵǬҵĽεҲǰ
Щ˶õ˻ԵһΪ񣬾Ȼ͸ĸһȫﵽ˲ླԲ
˼䣬ףż磬һЩʱʱٲͬҲü򵥡
ˣǶõ˲ٵĺô
Լһֱתתû̫ʱΪǡ
ȽԬξȳ˵
һᣬȻӰټҵȺУҵԬεӰ
˿̵֮ǰšκһʶ֪Լڸ
ղѾйʥֱ֣Ӹɱ
ҪȥʦæȰ衣
ӦǹʥΪ˺󱲰ȫľȻһսлʥȫõڵıкã
Ǭ׺ֳìܣ˵˹ʥҪҲҶԬΣ
⡭ͣ
˵Ĳ΢΢һЦڵȱæˣȽ̳˵ȻԬεʶ˵δزһλԵ
Եɻ
ţ̳ǿʦ괫ڿ֮ſʦʦֽԣӰټҼȻϬѪ϶˴㣬ھȳòʧ
ص
Ȼ
ΪֻǸͨû뵽Ȼǿʦڿ֮
ںԶ۹ʱʦڣ£öͻƣʦΪǿ϶
ѹ֣ΪĵһסôǿߣҲ˿ʦڿΣǣӵֳȻ
Ͽˣ
˴˹ǰ̳ķӡŹâ
й֮ǰɵľ֪ϾҪףҲ˵
ˣ
ʱ䲻ǰĴŻ򿪣ֻ·ӡС
ߣ
һȣԬһѪҺɳӰټҵֱ֣ӡ˹ȥͷӡһӴ̽Уû˿ϰ
ˣҲǰһ֪ʲôط뵽档
ˣҲкԬƵʡɻش
ͷ
ʣУһΪ档

˽ʥҲ˽ȥ
ǰͬһգһö
û뵽ǵ
Ҳȥɣ
룬һС֣֣ûͼأȭС㡢ʦš
˵꣬һ뿪С
ţߣ
ƺ֪ص˵ͷ
ɻ
ѾͻƵ˹ʥдĸ֣Ҳ޷룡
ؽ͡
Ȼ
ϣͷ
ղžЩ²⣬û뵽ġ
Լ˻õ˴ɵĹʥ֮λأҲԵС

Ǭε˴ϣںǰĴ
棬ķֵͬǿķ䣬Ǹֱ׵Ժ䣬м䣬һ̳ƺзӡ棬һѹȸУ޷
̳һ࣬ʮ겢ŵΪǶ죬Ҷ⣬ضǣֻʣ¹ͺͺ֦
̳ǰţ飬ǧ֮࣬պöӦʦǧѧͽ
̳
ü
ΪôʥȻͨ
ţʦڿΣѧصͷҪСطªȴҪĵط
Ҫɻ
̳һЩ޶һıﶼûУҪ
ʦʦڣ˫ЩţľȻӰټҵˣͳ嵽ǰˣȴһûڵȴʱ
ش
üëһ
ԶѧԺʩչʦڣıӵǣʦЩźľϡ档
ǵ߲ߣߣǾȹȥˡ
һеӰټңͣԭأ˰춼ǰһͷʥЩͷ
ǽȵõ˱ǧ
һͷʥ޵
⣬ǻҪһᣡ
ӰټΪ׵һ꣬ЦЦ
Ǳˣ֮ǰڰϪɽİ׾꣬ԨʥĺˣѦ
ˣȹȥ
ûղ˵ʥޣһһкСǲҹȥǽ
˵꣬ŵķ˹ȥ
ⶫܱ겻٣϶򵥡

ûǰ𣬽žͿһֱ֦˹ռ˺һڵѺۡ
أ
ţӶʥޣΧм䡣


1752 Ѧ
Ҳ뵱ǵȥ·Σ
˵ʥޣצ̧
צӼΪȴʥƿն£ռһζ˼ڵѺۡ
ʥצݣƴʥľѲϣټͷһ߶˿Ȼ֣һЩླԲʦԿ⡣
˷צӣֻҪ֦Ӵ߱Ȼᱻնϣ˭֪ûǰžһ
ʥ޵ϣѾһۣһ֦֪Ӷ档
𣡡
ҵʹͷʥޣٴץٶȿ죬֦죬ÿһ£޷ĵط£ͷһͱƤѪͣʡ
ʣµļͷʥޣͷ˱飬׷׹æ֦ҷɣ󹦷ͬ鷭ڵأ˿ˡ
⡭
һĻˣͬʱüë
ʥΪ츳ͱҪǿ󣬷ҲǿôһȥȻһˡ
Ǻǣ
һĻ׾Ѧƺ֪һЦ۾
ҪҪ֣һǰѹʱܾǣӮøм˳ѱ
ЩʥޣŹĺܲңȵĻ׻úøУӶΪ޳衣
ãȲ˵ܾܲ£ܣղûֹѾˣѦҡҡͷдǻۣ˵ЩֻΪɱˣİɣ
ã
˵ͷ
ղȺʥ޳ȥʱǲδڱôңЩԹޣ˿ǰȷ𲻵ãŪãᱻǨŭòʧ
Ⱥʥܲǳɹǿ϶ԹԸţ춼첻ߡ
ЦЦѦ˵ͼȺһ꣬˳һ硣

գ۹򣬳ʥϿգһץϸߣȫһᣬԹķΧ⡣
л֮
뿪ʥޣ֪ԷھǣǸмĿ˭֪δ䣬͵س˹
ž
һȭߡ
ʥޡ
ӰټҡˣҲȫˡ
Щʥ޾ȳΪʾãûȥᡭʲô
ҲԣҪѵ֦˿̣̲ס˻ȥ
ΪǾˣû뵽Ҳˣѵģ񫣿ԼҲԣ
ǻˡ
𾪹Ѧ΢΢һЦ¶ŵݣЩʥޱԵ޹Ź򣬱ȻĻߺޣֻҪǰȰ裬Ȼм㣬˳ѱ
ǣ
˵ͬʱͷ
ʥޣﵽ˲ླԲңѱһսӶصӰټңλ
ǹȥ
ҲͲסλ˹г趯ֱŹ޵ļһ˹ȥ
ס֣
ʶԵ֣λʥѣǾǱ۸޶ԣ
ʥǣˣ
ǣȣһԴǣһֲɷ
ǵһЩʥޱȻĻж˵һεĺøУѱˡ
Ѧ˵ȥͻȻ۾һµԲ¶һı飬ֿڣҲܣô
ֻλͬĽûλŹ޵ļһϣڰʥޣͻȻȫŭˣצ׷ɡβͺɨգ۹Ӱټҵļλţͱ׵ıᷭڵء
ˣղΪ׵ʥޣǷŭ˻𣺡ٸҵǰᣬŲţھͳ㣿
֪ûǰᣬˬ𣿡
Ҫһȥ
ʥޣȫŭ֮ٴ۰Ͱ͵ǼһǰŹԽԽãˣ
Ѧץͷ
ˣҲһ۾ɵúͼһˮֹͣʡ
ǣŤ壬֦ڵϣ㲻׷ʲô
ʥһѱ쳣ôڱˣ˿֣
ղűʱǲҺ
ңԺпվͻһ٣
ļһһᣬƺۣ˰֡
ϣˡ
ˣꡭ

ʥˢˢݵڵأһǽ
꣡
Ѧͷקһ飬˿ûʹ
꣬ƨ
ڱɱ޳ˣλٸߣҲǸɶɸ˵ģ
һ٣ͳʥޣ˺ѱ
ˣǱ𣡡
ѱʥޣһ֣һǰ˹ȥ

ѱ޺󣬾ȻͣѦһЦ
ѱʥޣʲôֶΣ
ʦڿεĴڣȥ鷳
УȻǰ

ͬʱζΧм䡣


1753 Գ棬һԶ
߽֣ѱʥ޵ģǱˣ
ôʥޣ߶ֺȻܴ֦飬̶֮ģ˳Ȼ󡭡Լᣡ
ȻˣҰæڵİˣȺһж£ĳΪ޳衣
Χƺʱɱֽ鷭żһһʰġ

Ǽһ㣬ˢˢÿһͨ
ȱæôǿӦ˿ʦڿΣҲǽһڣ
һ£
ǰļôΪ˿ʦڿεԵʣлɣԷҲȻΣ϶ܱȽϳԼĿγ̺ãǰߵĺá
Ҳܸõжϳʦģǲ

ζ֦һɻ
ֳȥˣô𽲿ˣ
֮ˡޣֲҲܽ
ǵɻ˹ȥ

տʼ֣Ƭ̣˷ܵ㵸ҲƲס
ԷĽ⣬Ϳʦһ£˵Ҫ
Ҳ˵ǰһڿϣȻͿʦһ
ڿΣѦˣȫüͷ
Ϊһһȥͻ֮ǰʥһñףģôû뵽δ֣һ
ˣ˵ЩʲôѲɡڽΣ
֪˭˳
⻰˹Ȼ֣ںܶм꣬һһϣ֪˵ЩʲôڿΣ֮Ի

𾪻ûм˹ϵ֦ͬʱڵ棬һϵģ
ǿʦγ̵˿һĿΣ⸱ӣ
˷
ʦγ̵ľÿһΪﵽ˲ླԲǿôһĻôɣ
¡¡
𾪣ζ˿֮ǰڵϵĿҶҲһվһ·Сǰ
ҶҲ
ɲǼ䣬˾ȫ߸
ҲˣϾʦڿζ꣬ǱĬ֮£ԣ޿ɺǣЩҶ㶼ɿˣʱ࡭ҲܹΣҪҪôţ
ЩﵽླԲˡôҶؼҶӣôή
ѦͻȻڡ
⡭
ˣͬʱס
԰ﵽּˣÿһ֦Ҷȴʥġļô仯Ҳ϶Ӱ첻˰ɣ
ҶήֻһʽҲ˵ȵ˴죬ЩҶӣԶɻ֦ǳµģ
ǿʲôѦ͵
䣬ȻεήҶӣͻȻζ˼£ˢˢķ֦ͷԭĿݻɫٴαô̡
ľҲٴλഺ
Գ棬һԶǿʦе
˿ĭӰټһλ꣬뵽ʲôͫ
˵ʦΣڿΣƬ̺󣬹ľ괺³Ҷ˹ʵƷ
𾪣ˡһԶĵʡ
ѲɣһҲ
ⲻһԶʦĿѾЩǲླǿߣôܻΪһ̸
Ѧҧ
ӰټңпʦĴУʲôֻܵţһȴÿһζ˾ٶ
еŨŨ衣
ѦЩҶΣǿɲԳûȥȻҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
һ괫
⡭
ͣѦ¶ɡ
ǰеϰЩ˿̣Щһļһ˵ȷǸܺõĻᡣ
ȥԡ
ͣһ£Щģָղ˵ˣ
˵ͷ̧ǰȥ
ಣ
ûǰһʵ𣬽ţһƬҶ
ۣ
һ̣ѱʮҶؿڣѪ磡
ֻһ£ˣû
ž
û뵽ҶҲ׺Χû˸ǰһ
ѦҲǶ£˵仰
ΪǸᣬû뵽ЩҶΣҲ̤벽
ˡ
ȺһƬž֪Ǻãһ΢ţԽԽ󣬴Ҷ졣
ٴλζ
쿴
˼æ̧ͷ漴Զĸ̨֪ʱͷųҫ۵ĹâƺӰϿգһ
ǡʥʥˡ
Ѧ۾ˣ


1754 Ԭΰ̨
תͷȥͼ̨ϵӰڿΣ˵Ļ٣տʼЩѣô⣬һԺ֮ǰĲ⣬̻Ȼʣڻͨ
ͺ񣬳֮꣬ǰӸ
⡭
üëһ۾Բ
ԸܵԷе˼һãֻ˵󣬸Ӽ⣬ΪԼ֪ʶ
ͬȴԼ˲֪ٱ
֮ǰţΪ֮ıȲϿʦڿӦò̫࣬ӰĻסһȼ
ǿʦ΢Դ壡
𾪣ص𣬾ͼŮ֪ʱѾǰ
΢Դ壿
⡣
ĻĵڿΣѾȫصɷϣʦȷ츳ţ
Ȼ
Ӱ˵ĻȻ򵥣ȴ̺ĵͬඥû뵽Ȼİء
ճ䣬ƾ棬ʮּ򵥣ϰΪҪȥĻ֪ҪѶٹѪ
ֺ似򵥣ȴı仯˸ֵˡ
򣬿ɾļ򻯣ѵõġ
ʦȻڿ֮оˡ
ôܹ
ͨô£ипһһ£Ůɻ
ղΣ˭Ҫܵôǰˣ
ʦµӡʼڿΣѾȥˡ
һЦ
һ㶣ŷ֣ղΧߣϹϾľ֪ʱѾվڸ̨£һ΢粻ͣζҲ֪Ǽǳ鴤
̾ؿۡ
ǰΣûȤ˵Ŀγ̣ηˣôʱ䣬Ȼʦļֽڡ

òͿ֮ǰӰټҡҲȫˢˢǰ棬
ǵȵѵ᣿
һ£׹
Ӱټҵˣһվ棬һƺڵʲôڿӦõȵľ
ʦڿεĸֻ̨ͨʣʦڿΣУγһӡ̨ϵӰ˵ǿʦʵµĺۼضʱ䣬ʱͻἤڿΡֿγ̣ЩҶǧ飬ÿζĵãѣջҲ΢Դĺô
ؽ͡
ͷ
΢Դ壬Լ࣬һ飬ܹһ鲻ͬ˼Ŀγ̣̫ףʧȥζ
ʱ򻯼ΪúܶףʱΪ򣬷⾳
ڿΣϸ˲Լ⣬ϸ뷨Уģ壬һɲ䣡ʦڿԼ࣬ÿȫͬǿߣ
ͨؼ
ģ̡
ԽϸߵƣҲԽ󣬻Է⡣
ֻ΢ԣԼ壬Ẓ̇ߵĸԶ
ţУٴοǰŮЩӡ
˵ʵλŮѣһ㶼˽⣬ദԽ֪࣬Խࡣ
ͺһĺ󣬱ΪѾԵˣ˭֪ںϡ
˵ĺ⣬ȴԼԼڿΣĸ̡
֪ѯʣԷɲ˵Լݣֻÿ㲻ȥһ¿ʦڿΣ
ʦڿΣͬ벻ûʲôǰλΪҲȥ
Щγ̣ҲûʲôԵƬ̣ӦÿԿԬٶԳûõЩôص
ã
ͷ
֮ǰ˵Ԭплᣬõô˿̿ʦӡʼڿˣûҵᣬӦûûʼ
վԭδ棬ʲôôʱ򣬹ȻԬΣδΣǱֱ̨˹ȥ
ʶڿΡ
һ㶣漴Ȼ
ǰôǿߣʦӡȴжͷӡʶйء
УȻҲӰ졣
֨֨
̨ǰԬͻȻſ˫ۣȻƺҪӲӵϰ
ǡ
һ
ΪʲôٶȻҪ̨γ
̨ǿʦڿεĵط뷲ƷͨǲܹģԬΣϬѪҲףε̨ѡ
صⶫֻҪȥʦӡȻһǿߡ

δ䣬ԬεѾȶ̨£ͣζȻӲİεĶ


1755 ӡ
ˣ
̨Σȫŭˣһ˲䣬֦ҶɣԬ
ˡ
ɫһ䡣
Щ֦Ҷ֦ĹУ⣬οΪԶԼԬΣ
ȥˣ;һ漴סƣҡҡͷ
֪ŮȻԼĿģǿסģٴοȥ
ˣ
ҶȻԬߣһƺĳַĹâγһĻס
ײ񣬵ȴζ޷̴
ǹʥµġֻס۾һ
ⶫ˵ʦֽЩƣǹʥǿߣںµֶΣܹγɹʥ֮£޷ƿķǿ
ӦӰټҵǿߣ֪ȡ̨ЩΣգġ
ž
ĳÿһ£׾ͱñ֡
ֻױϾ۶ɣʱ䳤ˣͬĸɾʧ
𣡡
رʶоΧĻҲںδͣжԬλǺģһȫ
ܣ
ڵϬѪȼͷ̳һͷϬӰͷ죬̤ŵء
Ӱ֣ٴӣΪҲ˲ƣﵽ˴ʥ
ԬȻѪΪһֱûͻƵ񲻻˿̾޴ѹ£ֱӳɹ
֨֨
ΪѪȼգǿߴʯ̨ٴ˲٣͵ӣʱϿ
ǿ
̲ס̾
ǰԬΣ˴غأֻҪƲ뿪棬ͺ޾
ѵϬѪ
޵УֻҪ棬;һ˿Կġ
ϬѪܽصĺأͷųսѪκ̵춾塢ŵĴ֮壬ֻǿ
׹ص˵ͷ㲻һͷȡһЩѪ
ţ
ͷδѯΪ֪ԼѱˣߣǾһ۵ռڵʥ޹ָͨܿһһѾѪϷ
ѹУ룬Եǿߡ
ѪҺԬüġ
ؽ
ָһ
أ
ľѪԶӷ˹ȥ˳ü˽ȥ

ѪҺһڣȼԬͷϬõ˴󲹣øӾ޴̤棬Ҫضֱ
꣡
̨͵ӵĸ׶ѣӵ汻Ԭκݺݰ
һһζ̨ڿεӡЩᣬˣӳѹһһ
ʲô

ˣȫҪըˡ
ʦн࣬ղŵڿΣҲãһ̨𣬵ڶĻᡣ
ˣҲ˰
Ҳнܿʦָ㣬Ȩ
ס
ѦһͺӰټˣˢˢǰ档
Ԭΰε̨Ƶģͷκ˴š
꣡
˫ţʱᶯ֣ò֣ԬοȥʱĽֻҲܲסѡ
ˡ
ż
ղлףܳܵסҶĹѣ񲻺ܿͱնɱ
ģ˱㻹ż
ٴһЦ
δ䣬Ѧһһ멣ֱԬη˹ȥϡ
ˣ
֦Ҷ棬ٴα档
ǡʥµı
ͫһ
룬Ҳ֪ǹʥƵľδܹһơ
Ӱټң湻ġ
꣡꣡
˱ֵʱ˻壬ԬαŸ̨뿪ԭء
̨ӵĻζӰҲζƺЩȡ
ʱȥǸӡŪԬڡ
ص
ã
Ͳ⿴ˣһΣ̨Ϸȥ
˶Կʦη֣ûָо£״ӰӡȻҲվȣζһ£̴Ӹ̨ϵ䡣
ܲһ㡣

ӡ˵һԬεüġ
ʲô
˶ˣѦͷƤըһȡ
߸̨ĿģΪӡ˿ӡȻԬڡֱͷ˼˼顣
ҡҡͷҲش»صղŵλá
ûվã漴ӡԬΣ͵ͣԭͺֵģһ㣬˲伤
֨֨
գ۹򣬱ùԲ߳ףҲףһ޴ˮͰ
ôˣ
üͷһ壬Ҳԭء
ʼϲ


1756 Ԭγʥ
ɻŮȥͼϴŵ΢Цû¶ı顣
˿ȥͼԬˮͰ״ͣһӲߡ׸ߣʱᱬը
ܲܳܵסͿԼˣ

ܵס֣һ£漴ʲôͫѵղŵӡԬڣᱻգ
ղŵӡӸ̨ϵ£һڣΪֻʱţôŮ˼ᱻգ
ǿǿʦ£ڿγµӡǿǿ似⣬˷񡭡ӰټһۣҪõԼ֪ܵ
Ҫܱաô֮󣬱Ƚʥ¶Ҫֲ
룬ǿʦѱ޳裬һģӡһУѪҺϬѪںϣӡͲᷴѾˣܴﵽʲôĳɾͣͿԼˣ
صһЦ
ȻͲ²һ˿ĭɡ
ʦµӡǣˣ϶ţ˿ԽλãֱƣԬɡ붼ץ
֮ǰΪӰټҵǿߣڿ϶ûйϵ
򣬾ô
³
˿̣ѦҲڸô£һҪըˡ
ǷѾѪĿľ뽫̨ӡߣζû뵽Ȼˣ

ҲͲסѦһֱ˹

ᣬȻһҲ˽⣬ң֣
ߣ
һղűԬΣڳ֣üëһǹһģѾǣѧֱǹա
׻ﵽѪԲʵٴӣٴԲླԲҲ˿·硣

ǹͶԷĽ⣬һײѹΧĿռ䣬ƺܲסһڵѺۡ
֪Լʲôû˿ʦӡѹʧȥпʱճֻңǽԶʱ֮ͨУ޷عʵ
ҧѦһ߽һߴȡ
Ȼ֪ǻѧʦӡ˿Ϊһ߻һߵ
ԷȳᣬȴιֵԼͷϣӰټѵôû
ᣬĿġѦδ䣬ͻȻһǿϢϯ˳͵Ϯ˵Ĺ˲ϡ
ಣ
ͬʱ˳ȥսȦ
תһȦƻָæվ˳ĿȥͼʱԬѾʮףأͬһˡ

쳤ХһڽͷϵϬӰ̵Уž͸еϵϢڽ
񲻻ڡڡ۷塢ԲԲ
ڡڡ۷塢ԲԲ
Ѫ
գ۹򣬾ʹﵽ˲ླԲ
ˣɲͣƺûֹͣ
ѵҪֱӳʥ
ͫһȭͷ
û뵽ԬεĻԵôԶŵˣпֱӳʥ
ʥҪʵ̫ǿˣĻ̫ͣӦûңҪʥ֮ûС
֪ʱٴǰĿԶ
ûУУ
֪ѧͻƣҲԥָһһƿ˳
̣
ǰƿǴ򿪣ۻ㸲£գ۹ͽԬڡ
ʥ֮Ѫ
͵ϮӰټҵλʥõ˲Ѫ˿̸պÿԸʹá
ͬһʱ̣ͼ򿪣ʥ֮Ҳڹӿ
꣡
ĹԬοҪըѵ壬Ǵĳƿٴ
Ͷ㣬ƺƷռ䶼˺ѳһѺۡ
¡
ٳ֡
ͣ䣬籩ꡣ
֮ǰӡ³Ѧˣٲҽǰ
ѾǽʥĺƽˣǵʵҪɡ
꣡꣡꣡
ͣգͣԬθߴӰԽԽʵʮ׸ߣٴλָͨ˴С
һһƺƣռ䶼ܲס
ʥ֮Ѫĸɾˣ
ܿ죬ԬνͣҪԽһΣȴˡ
ʥҪʵ̫ǿˣһЩʥ֮ѪԬͻƣǲһЩ

յƺû˶ԿҲʼɢ
ʥĻԵһʧܣ´֪£δҵңؼǣһβɹڶεѶҪһ
Ҳ˵βɣ´ΣҪɹˡ
Ϊ㣬ʵ̫ϧˡ
ѵҪһ񣿡
ɫࡣ


1757 
ǹһѵû֣ԬΣѹΪʱͻƣ
̧ͷ꣬ص
ʱͻƣ
Դɻ
ص˵ͷʥһγɹڶΣѶȻһˣܶ˳ѡһԳɹǣɹģ
ʥʵڶԿҪѵ֮⣡һԳɹҲ㣬ɺĶԿʱ̫٣ܺúգøϣ磡һβɹһʱ䣬ٴγٵѶһãҲӲ٣ܳԺΪӣкܴĽ棡
ص
⡭ѵʥߺͿʦͻƴʥķһҲһִ
̲ס
ͻʥзʥ⣬ʥߣͻƴʥƷ֮۸ӻǿѲɣνĳʥҲƵģ
Ҳô˵ʥͺɳԵĴԽ࣬ҲԽϸԽʵʦγʥͻƣĴһɣ޵֡ųɾ֮ʦ£
˫ֱĿ䣺ԬΣղȻûɹʵȴ˹ʥ֮Ѫﵽ˹ʥҲ˵Ѿ˹ʥ֮壡䲻ǹʥһոͻƵĹʥѾǶˣ
⡭
һ
Ԭιʥ֮壬Ѿ˾ˣʦȻγʥͻơ
ߣ˶̤磬ıΣó۳£ȴǿסջ󡭡ľĥ£Ͳͬ졣
ѹܹ壬ߵڣȷ硣
ԣЩ֪Ӧò࣬Ԭôô
пһͻȻס
ֳʥķʦ˽ʥ˶Ϊ⣬֪Щ޿ɺǣԬΣԼôЩǿסջ󣬶ѡפ㲻ǰ
̵˿ʦӡ⣬ʮʥ֪Щؽһ䣬ϧӡ֮󣬺ܵʦӰ죬ĳɳ򣬿϶ˣ
ɳ
Ц
ͻƣôɶɳɳ
ʦ϶ҪߺͿʦһĵ·߱˵·ΪһʮʥԶܳԽģ⸱飬ص
ţͷ
ҪԽǰˣҪǰˡ
һζӣֻԼ㲻ǰ
ͺʮʥÿһǾž޵ľɾҲ޿ΪĽ˿ʦĴУնûԽ
ɡĴУҲпܣʥﲻһֻµµΪ
ξֻһ
ǲ꣡꣡
ڸпͻȻǰ̳һâֱա
ţϿâۣɫգǳܲסһڵѷ죬֡
ѷ棬һӾ޴ĵã֡
ǿˡ
ԶһǼ
ĿǰΪֵֹֻδֹ˿̣ȫ۶ƿշӡ֣
˵пӰ½ֵĴ䣬
ȥ
һۿиֵֿһۣԶԬκѦǲʣȴҲ֪û취ı䣬кһֱռѷȥ
ˣҲ˹ȥ
߰ɣ
ֻ֪ǳ֣ûżʦ˴ЦЦһ䣬ԶԬΡ
Լѧ˿Ѿ׹̣Ҳʼɢ
ʦ
۾ܵϵԬǼǰǰֱӰݵڵء
յʶӡڣѾƿ֪ڵȫʦİ
ţĵ˵ͷ
ò˵Եʵ̫ˣʦµӡ̷ΪӶһͻƣ˿̵ⳬšκ̣Լʱ׷ϲϡ
Ȼ˹ʥ̫֮죬ľЩ鸡ڴһǿľĹö벻Ч
һȡһö˹
Ȼں˿ʦڿεӡľҪԼһһӡС
ǣ
ӹʵԬ̷ȥȻеľ
ŵˣ̷ܻҪǰ׼״̬Ѿ˹ʥ֮壬ҪЩ

ԬΣٴһšκ̡ߵͬʱǰ
ԸһѰһԵǼ
ſһΣκ˵мԵǧΪˡ
Ҫȥ
ŵͷ
Ҳǣ
ˣҲͬʱӦһеĹȡ
Ȼ۵ռ䣬߷ųƳһۣδ˵


1758 ʥ
Ůޱ飬üëһǰղ޵ģȻͺκһ˳
߰ɣ
ؽһΣķȥ
⡭
ͷæȥ
ȷֵΰǰǸ޴Ĺ㳡˿Ѿˡ
֮ǰסǿߣܴһ֣˹ǧ
޷ۼ棬ҲԲС
ˣѾָˣֵȫܼϵķӡ
С𣺡ҿԴ˽ȥڣû
ţ˿̲Żָ䣬εҡҡͷظǰŮĮҲ̲סֻż
ظ˵һ˷ܵ
ʦҾ֪һ
ţһӰҴǰһ˷ܡ
ɶҲˡ
۾Ҳһ
Ǳˣĺѣ۹Ĺɶ
Ѿ֪ܰݼʦΪʦԭ򡭡
λѣɶǸм
ֻǻ۹һССܵõʦܲϼΪ״ȻλС
ȻʣҲʶ
ÿЦЦ
䣬ɶһšǰдŸӵɫʦþò
ǰλҲĸ飬ߵѾ׺ͶԷκοܣǲʣ΢Ц
þòͷתͷߵأ㿴ż
⸱ӣֲ֪˵ģݸҲ˵ǰȥ
Ĺ㳡ϣ˿ѾֳĸӪʦúһӰټҡ˺ʥޡ
ķвˣѻһ𣬸Է
ܿȥϸܣȻоǿϢΧ
ĴܹദȻ໥Ľ
ʦ֡
뿴ܲһᣬնʥ£ŪѪתͷȥͼʦ΢Цŷ˹
㡭ͻƵʥˣ
һ£۾һ
ǰʦϢǳէһֻԼһߣϸȥȴ󺣣֪˰ںδ
룬Ҳ֪λʦܣӦǵõĳֻͻƵ˹ʥ
Ҷѣʦ΢΢һЦ
ȻҲˣԵȽϺãһͻﵽ־硣
ûнҡͷ
ʦʹﵽ˲ླԲһֱ£ĿľΪѰҹʥ֮ѰһԵ˿̿ԵܹͻƣȻ
λ
ڴʱһ
ˢˢȥ漴ǰ֮һϵӰͻأ֡
ӰټҵĹʥ
ԷţӰټһģһ룬Ҳ֪ǶԷĳǿߡ
ѾҲûҪҴˣɣ
쳹ܡ
ûҪˣ
ҶΪȻѾ֣Ҳûκ塭
ɡ
¡
һ𣬽ſͻأʮӰ
ÿϿգ߸֮ࡣ
ôࣿ
üëһ
Ϊߡ˸ʥͲˣû뵽һ¶ʮˡ
λ֮ǰ˵ļһȻС
ʥĿģΪ˴䣬֮ǰֵԲܣˣܵ˺˿̣൱̵յ㣬Ѿû塣
ֵλѾĲˣ֪Ȼ֣ҪһҪ
ӰټҵĹʥ
Ҫʥʵǿ˵ôɣ
һλ˹ʥ
ʥѵҲԨʥĺˣ
ü
Ԩʥʮʥ֮ףʦ״ĴӣѦˣλ࣬ŪѦǰ
ʦܣʶλʥ
Ĵ
ʶʦãӰټңͬʦУȴһеʦ
㲻ʶȴһںü
ʦãλߵʦʶλʥȴֱӳƺ֪ʵǿ
˵֣Ǽٵġ
ô죬ȻȻǼзݣʥһ壬ʲôûõ˭ǲܣǾ͡ƣ
һͷ޴ʥߡ
ͷʥޣҲѾﵽ˹ʥܵĿռ̡
ȱżôҳȷνη䣬ǿڽ֮˭ܵõԵԵʲô͸ƾ컯ˣ
ʥЦЦ


1759 
ãģʥޣҪ㲻ˣֵô˭ȥˣ
ߵʥޣЦ
ͷʥޣһͷ׺Уʮ׳Ȼûʩչȴһ֮С
Ҫŭս㳡һˣܳܲס
һھҪǴˣ
ʦϿգһģǿߣһЦ
Σ
ͷ­ת˹һɷֱӿ˹̼˵ꡣ
ӣ깥ó
ܼ򵥣ͿеĽ𲻴ӦûǴĻǰż棬һһѹǾλʥҶһЦҽ죬Ҳԣܲ㣡
żңλλżҵ棿
˵ֻѪڣǼ
֮ǰλ棬йһ֮Ե֪ʮֺû뵽ʥ֮ǿĹʥҲ˿·硣
ڴɵ棬ֻûˣ˿ϸȥһ£ü罣һ䣬ģЩͨȴ˲ɺӵǿ
żҵһλʥź죡Ժ˫Ļ壬ֻҪ˲ϵ壬ͷȻ֮䣬ʥ֮ʧʮᣬŴѵ껪ģȴ޷˵ѡ˳˯
ʦ
ͷ
˵λͻƹʥʱ򣬲ٶ꣬ͣˣոճɼҵĴʱ⣬ȴɵѡ˯һ𡭡
ݸֵú˾
㡭
û뵽һһ涼߾޴ͷһ˦봵𣺡˫ȷҪɱңҲûôסֻҪɱңżҵĺ󱲣ӦúҵҵҪܻ˼
԰ûǴİ׺ȺҲв٣ͽͽһƬҶżһˣɱʮͷɱʮˣȫ壡
ź켹ֱȻšԣ
ҡ
ҧ
Ҳңԣź죬Դӳδвҵʱ򣬲ǣ
һЦźָ˵ļλʥ
ߣ
ղ˵Ĺʥһߣá
ӦþλϹ
˳
һղŹάʥʱ򣬾;ЩϤ˿̺źԻǱ͵ϮѪϹ
ȷʲôңˣߣô˵һ󱲣̳⣬żҵĺѱˣ꣬ϹһЦĿ˹
ѱ˵ʲô
һ㶣ŭ
Ȼ²֪顣
㿴̳Щ󱲣ɻϵϣϹ
ϴαСƣðһͲˬˣʱĻᣬȻŹ
һɣתͷԸһλʥʥޣƬ̺ͷʥ˵Щʲôɫֱ̳ķ
۹ͬ¯ջٰ˻ġ
ǹˡ
һ
ֻǸСʥ棬Ҹʲô
㽫ͽͽѱˣ
Ŀ׶ֱλɵľźҲ̲ס˹
ɵʥޣʵǿǰߵĺ󱲣ȥ̳ľͲͬˡ
̳ҪԣԶܱеģһ۷ĴڣѲɣԼ󱲣ֽţѱ
ͽͽҲ֪ղȥ̳ʱ򣬿һȺʥޣڰĿᣬۼҪɱǶ֮ģǾ¡Ϊ˸м֮ȫˡûа׺

ΪʹŹѱ޷ȻʱȻ˵
֮ģ֮źҲ̲סɵƯ
Է˵ǲ滰ΪʥȻһۿЦǣλߣ˿һ̣ͽͽͱԼĺѱ
ֱҪ̫죡
ߣ㿴ĺ󱲣ҵĺ󱲣ҪᣬҲңΪҵ޳裬ʱҾûˣ
סЦ⣬ź쿴

٩Ҳ̲סһߴ͵һԾź˺
гڵצӡռѡ
ͬǹʥͷԼǿ
Ҳ˵㣬Լ
⣬źһЦϳһҲʣһŽʣǰ̡
أ
Хצ
䣡
ռһڵķ϶鲻Խĺһǰ壬Ϳղ˵࣬һΣм䡣
һϳ֣Ļס˶ǰĵ·
ˣҪǽˣԺԳȥ˵ڲҪ˺
˫൭


1760 ҵЩ
һ£ź췢ǰϣӲ֪λʵȷԶԼһȻʥڣʱƽϣ
˵꣬һٴι䣬»صʦߵϿգУƺδΪղŵ¶ŭ
ãӡ
λ棬һһ̺⡣
ƺҲ֪ԼʵźĶ֣ǰλʥĶ֣ߴִβһ˦㬵ĻصʥȺУҶ˵ϻ
֣û룬Ǿƴһʵڵòʧ
֣ͣʥջƣ΢΢һЦٴ˿˹ԹȻѾοôη䣬ǰ
ʥ˵϶˼ƽϣʲô뷨ֱ˵ǣʣԻͬ⣡
ٴ˵£źü
ҵȷе뷨ʥЦЦֵͨӦö֪㿪ҲпʦµĽƣûдû취У
ͬʱͷ
ֵȫ̽ûд߶ӦʣܽУǣһ֣ܵķɸ
ʥܺǿżĿʦȣǲ˲֪Զ
ͬһΡ
ԣԷ˵Ĳ㿪ûҲǲܽġ
ֵӦӷӦĸֵһӷܹʮУĸԴʮ˽룡
ʥ
Ӧһ
Щ飬Ѿȫ֪ʲôܡ
ĸʲôط֪ЩУֻţҲ벻ˣ
ߡ
ʱӷ˭֪ˣĸδֹ
ܹüãһֱΪӵʵѧǽѪҺŵԳɹ
ң˶ΪĸֻܽֵҲܽ롣
Ҹ˵ȻΪ֪ĸһЦʥüëϴŰʵĸҵУ
˵ָһ㣬һŷڿУζɢŨصϢѹ
Ǵĸ
ǿϢ
ӷǿ̫ˡ
ӵͿԽ
㳡һȻ˿еķǻȡ
ӵŷ͵ӵ˽ž봺䣬ֻһ֮
ǡ
𾪣ΨüһĿЦá
ʥŵĸǵѦڰϪɽߵöҲ˵öٵģ
ôǿĹʥȻҲûǼٵģ
ɻ
һǱź棬ҪǿĹʥ٣ֱ治ֳôЦ
ĸǿʦƣʮʥδؼҵһۣ㿴ֱܷó١ǣش
Ŀǰ֪ⶫǼٵģֻԼغأˡ
ѦˣҲΪġ
ⶫߣҲûϳżƲʯͯ⣬Ųĸ
Ҳǣ𣺡ºˣ֪Ǽٵģ̸ҵҪܷʲô
ģַ䵹Ҳˣ˼ٵģNɪ뿴һᣬճ
ңǣһõ˴ĸΪλҪˡ
鷳
ĸǽԿףӰټң֮һû˻ܾɣ
ʥˡ
û
Ϲȵͷ
Ҳû
Ҳһ£ʾͬ⡣
ûĸҲֻܿţԷֻ֮һҲʮֹƽˡ
ͬ⣬˿ȡʣʮĴΪ˷ֹìܣһõһƽ
ͬûߵ
ʲôûУõһһ
ʦǿߣһۣƬ̣Ҳ˵ͷ
õһ˵
һһʣη䣿Ϲ
ܼ򵥣ƺ֪ѯʣʥЦЦҪҪ俪ҪʹģģÿһӦһ˭ϣ˭͵õһ䣬û˵ʲôɣ
⡭
ȷܹƽ
Ҫ룬뿪ĹҲСӵߣȷʸõ
ʥٴεͷ
Щ飬ʥ磬ѾûκλȨˡ
һģһһ㶣ͷòơҵЩ࡭


1761 
֮ǰһֱ֣λʥʵǿСĸΪλҪõĻᡭ
ס
ĸ֣취һֻ̾
Ĺؼģ
ⶫ񡭡һ˾Ūĸ
Сûá
ͬʱȻ
֮ǰĸ˵ΪŴֱӴ͵ֵͺ֣еСǲǲˣôȽ˴֣˿̲ס˳ûκδ
ȽЩ磬ҵģʱ֣취С
򣬾ֳĸҲֻվ⣬ûκΰ취
ͺͽ˳һȱκһС
磬ʥʵ̫ǿҲ޷룬ܹͨ˵ĶȡߣȻλֻ֣֮ҪȡͿΪԼһȡһ
꣬ʥͷ˹
ʵǲδ磬֪νģ˭ȡˡ
ͨ֡˵Ȼ˱磬϶·ô˵
޷ȷϣ쵶ն飬Žټ
Ȼ϶˽½ˡ
ɣ
ûжٴһЦʥָһ㣬һ鼮֣һ
أ
鼮ǰ˹ȥպǶڴһһɢĹâ
ȥȻۣ࣬߼Ӧġ
ǿĸӦ麣ģӰټҵõԣӰټңٵһ
ʥ
ӵĸõƽһֵõһʮѾ˽ӽһ룬Ҳ˵ۺη䣬ǶӮңٲõġ
õĵģóɣģĴĹʥڣû˻ͲƲΪҪԶһʣֻҪܹӰټң岻ݴǣ
ԼǶţʥ
⡭
˭
֪취ˣΪԼⷽȡһ
˭뵽Щ

·۷׷ס
˶֪ʲôطֱ˭ȡˡ
ôǵģôʥΪģֻһɹԭ̰ī
û˶ʥ
ҪӵģͽˣỨô๦Ϳࡣ
֪ɳĮ˭ϡ
ͻȻУһ
λϹ
ģ
ʥæ
ҲģԶ޷ǰľ棬һֱ޽⡣
żǸѱߺ󱲵Ϲһߡ

ʥͬʱˢˢĿ⼯еϡ
⡭
ĿһΡ
λСѣɳĮģĶУʥ
ӦڣֻǻôǶϡͷ
磬ߣɳĮ磬ǻģôŪϵİ֮У
ǻﲻҪֻҪóȻУʥ
ðɣ
ͣһ£һͷ߳ǰǰһơ

߹ȻܵʲôβͣСûǰͱһݵԲ̣꣡һ£Ƕڰ֮Уͬɢâ
⡭
û뵽ʥޣȻ̫һĶ̲סһ㶡
ӵдģΪʦߣ׬ȡһɳĮģҲڣóɣ
Ȼģʥ˿
ͷ
һĶһٴһ
͸ղŵʥһҲǶ˰ıУܹâʢǰĿƺʱῪ
̫ˡ
ȭͷһʥǼٴλˣʣ»ж硢ʯͱѩģõѣõ˴
쳹ܣƬ̣ûжģƾʧһ
Ѳɣõĵˣû˴ֻߣģû˵õ
ⲻܣòģ磬ͨһ𡭡

û߳йʥٴüͷ
õĵѣõģ࣬Ӱټҵ֤˶ǳ֣򣬾ǺӰټԣҵһˡ
û˳ʥΪõĵˣ⵽
ûˣ֣ͼǰͻȻľƣ񣬶硢ѩģҲ
ǣһ˵õĴģ
ѻȸ


1762 
ڳĲˣ磬ûзʶҲӲԶҲȷеص㣬ܵõһöģǽˣǰλȻõĸ
ҪҪôţ
еźʦҲͬʱͣûȥ
ǣû뵽ġ
⣿
ʥƤ˶
ӰټҵǿߣѪŵõһöһﵹãһŪĸ
˻
Ҳãܿ㿪
ţ
˵ͷûһʯͽ˳һΣڴǽϣ˲䣬âʤ
һΪʦã׬ȡĸ
ȻĴģʥЦһٴλˣʣʯģ֪˭
ͬû˶
磬ʯͷŹ似Ӧûİɣ
ǰ磬˺üʱûνİ
ĵʲô֪

һȻˢˢеʥ
Ҳɻ
˵ģֵġ
ʯ磬ȥֻҪҵ˳򣬾ֵܽûĵģνȡǶǰİ֮У
ʯȷûģܽʥҽʥʯȡߵĹģ
ƺʥ֪ʮϸʥ
ģ
һ
֮ǰţõĴģЩ˼ڲŷ֡ĸ
Ǻɬ
ֻҪ˳ӡһУ˳ʯѣĵ˭У
˵ͷʥ˵ȥԶٴξơ
ôˣ
ðһԤС
ȿȡҲ
һЦɬ
ʥ
ź졣
ˡ
ɬë
ɬǺòã
Ĵǧˣֻõһģһˣõ
˶һ˲
ϣٴǰָһ㣬һ׷ӡǰİۡ
ˣ
â˸ͣζ漴˾Ϳš֨ѽһ򿪡
ţһبŵϢӿ˳͸¶Ĳɣ
Ѿȷλѡߣ
ڿཫеѹȥٴε
ѾӰټң߸ʦú壬һʥһ
֮ǰͶµĹأʥ޲Ҳûκΰ취
˵ܲܵõ䣬ǻԵԽԽá
ܿ죬ӰټҺ塢ʥ޾ͽѡ˳
۽ֵ䲻ܳʮΪܴﵽʥ
һģȻʵԽߣԽ࣬ԣѡϲû̫ѡ
ߣôѡ
ʦһλʥ˹
λһ˵õη䣬ȻҪ
ҡءšκ̡ԬΡҲҪȥˣ
һ¡
ʥ˻ΣôҲʦɣ
ȻѫģҲܽȫ߰ɣ
ģˣ֣ӱ·ӦҲ˰ɣʲôطٸ

ʢᣬ֣ӱ·˿϶Ҳˣֻ̫ˣӦҲĳֻԵһֱûˡ
㣬ʦЩ̲סһ
һ˵ʮˣ䲻
һͲˡ
΢΢һЦŵˣȥһ֣ǣʲôطһ
ǣŵ˼æѶ
ͬѾԴѶֻҪĳż֮УҳӦʮּ򵥡
Աȷھͽ
һȣʥһ㣬ĸٴγ֣Ӱټѡ֣ȫڡ
λѦȻվС
ȥɣ
ʥޣֻһȻƣǷ˹
λɣ
˻īûѡԱѦɫһ
żȽ͵
һЦ
ȽߣǽȥǾûĻᡭһȻ˵Ѧһ£üëһ塣
ǲ⣿
ĸһֻܴʮ˽룬Ƕģǽ󣬻ôȥ
ȹȥұ֤ǽ֮ǰѡˣ֮һ𡭡
Ǻá
һīѦ÷ϻ˱ֱǰ˹ȥ

ӡǰ
ĸĹâҫȫڡ
ˣ
ԷûɹҲ̲סѦȥ
žણžણžણ
һȵ͵ϯ˻ûȥͼ˷ӡĹֻһ£嵹ɶһˤڵϣ½һ㣬Ѫ硣


1763 ĸҲ
ô£
ͬʱסʥҲüëһæǰ
ЩӰټţôỹûȥͱˣ
ҺӲ⵽Щƣ
ֳִĸһ㰡
ɻָһöҩ˹ȥ
ӰټҵˣùžûָһЩ
ķӡܹסʥǿҪǿʦԸɱڣȻû
ʥ⣡
ûƳӡˣòվ˷ϻ
ʦáӰټҽأ塢ʥ޿ûôԼ
Ϊλ⵽
˻ָǰѦʥü
Ϊߣһ֪ʲô
棬ƺĸ޷ֵӡһ£Ѧ
֮ǰ̳ԬεѪɽ룬⵽ĸоͺϷĴĸû˿ôһ㡣
޷ֵʥüͷһ壬һץͷĸͳָ⣬һ

Ȼķӳ£һ˲仯ǣȼչֽţƬʧǰ
⡭Ǽٵģ
üëһʥɫһ±÷ס
˿̣ɵҲףĸǼٵˡ
ȻʦרƵıôܣûöͱɷĩ
˰죬ȻŪ˸ĸ
ֻ˺ݺݳ˺üƣʹ
Ӱټңô治֪Ǻˡ
ȷʦ½Ϫɽõķ
Ҳ̲סǰѦдŷŭ
ⶫģȽʥµżôܻ٣
ǧȷ
Ѧͷ˵һ룬̲סһ㶣ʱλһᣬҵõ³⣬ֱ뿪ˡ

ʥٴԶ˹ȥ
һһóģѾˣѲɣѦõ˼ٵĸҲ֮йأ
ĸڰϪɽµѶϢдȻõ˼ٵģģòҲһɣ
ҪͿˡ
ʦ֪ô£
Ͳסʵ
˵ĲʱǶڰϪɽϣʱѦ֣һöٵķžߣôסֻεķ
һϧ
϶ҪģҲûκ塣
㡭ۣ
⻰ѦҲѹƲסһѪ
ٵķžߡ
㵱ʱĻòã
Ҫӵÿ죬Ūãˡ
ôŪ˰죬͸Բһ
ؼǣķ˵ΪʦĿô
˼ķ
Ҳؿۣʥҧҧ

˵ͷողŵĹ涨ӵĸԷ֮һҲȻһöģһĴһҲ˵߹ΪʮһӦûɣ
һΣʥҲƺѪ
֮涨ʵѹΪֳĸԵõӽһڡĸǼٵģڶԷһתֻ
һΪѵĸоͷ
ǿҵƣҪըˡ
֪ǼٵģղŲ˵Ǵ㿴Цɡ
֮ǰ˵ˣҲ϶ţ
Ͼʵ̫ˣʶۣ۴һ۲죬ûκȱݡ
ֻŻ֣ᷢһ
Ȼ֮ǰԼˣȻģ
Щץʥǵ˵ͷ
ҲС
Ҫ˵Դ˽⣬ʦ½˻ʥޣԶӰټңֻҪܹ룬õϣľǣˣ
д̣ŸҽˣӵĸΪҪЮ϶õĸࡣ
ǾͺãԵȣ߰źԱͻһȥ
δϣ˿˵ͷ
⡭
ʦõʥȻҲû뵽תһһۣٴολ˺档
ʦһ˵õĲ˵ĸõӰټҶưͿɶʱʦãðһλţ
һµõôСˣթ
ʦ¶˵֮ɫ
˵ʥˣΪӰټҴˣڿʦ飬ǣ䣬ľͲ˵ˡ
οˡʥΧܡ
Ӧʱᶯܹ֡ֵģֻЩླǿߣõ䣬Ҳ޷
֪ʲôźһʱ϶ὫóֻҪ뿪ŽĿʼˣ˵ʵϣֻռݴˡ˭Ļǹʥʵ


1764 
⵹ǡ
ʦʥĬ
ź˵ĳ㣬ȷʵ
ʲôأʲôԼССֻãǣ䣬˭ܹܵôࣿ
ˡʥޣֻһû磬ѵΪ
ֻҪ˽ȥ͵֪ʱ˭Уһ뿪ãػĹʥͻ֣
ǸʱȻǲླԲˣյĽҪʥʵſ˵
ȷɣ
ЩңʥǴ
Щλһ֮õη䣬Ƕؾǣ
ţ
ͬʱͷ
ΪʥЩûһ㹱ף˼ǿ

ʦ֣ʱϵϣǵѴѶƺҲõĳֻԵһЩСУ޷뿪ûˣ
ȥܹʥ飬ߣǰ
ղѾѶʹˣΪԭϵ֣ˣҲЩϢ·
Ͼ⼸ʦܡʦãѲǼһС
ˣһüͷ漴˰֣ҲգкûԵĻҲǵģ뻹ǲ룬޹ؽҪ
ͺԬҲû޵ֽľĻԵǸ
ԣӣܲлȥνֻҪԼõ϶ǵķݡ
ʦҲˣҵѾﵽʥ𣬸ղ̽һ£ĸ֣Ҳܵӡų⡭
Ԭǰ
⡭ü
ѧȻûʥɹȴҲʵʵĹʥ֮ӵа벽ʥˣ޷룬޿ɺǡ
ҡءšκ̡ߡټʦλĿǰ߸
м㣺ĸ
üģʦһۣ漴ҡͷ
ƲЩţǽǣô󣬸ٶ࣬Ҳ˷ѡ
ôûжѡ
˼˰죬˻ûѡüͷʥʵ
ѡˡôҾҪҲ˷ѣóĸԹ򣬼۸ߵãΣ
ЦЦ̧ͷ

һûɣҶᣬӶˣ
ļٵģ
һȻ
˶ˡ
ĹʥʦߵģźˣҲһǰΡ
ǺòӵôôõĻᣬ
ĺ

һʥҲ̲סҪȰ衣
ʦ϶ԼĴ㡭ʦڣͺã
ʦ֣
λʥˢˢ
λ֮ǰѵʱ򣬾ͼǽ츳ڸǽ˹ʥƺСһΪʦ֡
ǰ
˵ͷʦܣȥʵݣЩ⣡ܳΪʦܣǹʥ֮£ʱϸ˵ϸλǰ
⣿
λʥһ֡
׺⣬ùʥң
Էڲ˵ֻѹס˺ģѡ˵
Ҫ
ʱʥˣ𺳵Ϣлָ
̫ˣ˵Ҳʲô£˵ļʺͷߺޡԣҴóĸ˭ֻҪĴ۸ߣͿԵõ
ЦЦ
۰ɣ
ʥһ壬ڱصã
ĹʥȫһۣԵͷ
ȥһ˾Ͷһݱա
һ汻ǵĺ˵õһͿתߡ
ﵽʥʵҪɱԷѣߣǺףͿġ
ԣĺԽ࣬Խӹɡ
һֵ2030Ŷ50ιʥ֮Ѫ
ƣ
ʥ˵Ч󣬹ʥԷҲûмܲó˵οڵʵҲû취
Ϊʱֻǰ벽ʥ𣬲ܳ׳
ﵽΪһѱǿҲ޷ɹ
ԣҪЩʵĶ磬ҪЩĹʥ֮Ѫ
ԺʥҲкܴô
ʥ֮ѪֻǸͳƣҲΪȼȼԽߣֵԽ󡭡
Ļδ䣬һڶ
ź졣
ʥ֮Ѫֵȼ
һ㶡
ʥ˲֪Զ֪Щ
ʥʹʥһҲеȼ֣ͬΪĸȼԽߵģѪҺҲԽÿȼ֮䣬˲ֹٱһҪȷȼ򡭡ܳԿ
ź
ţӦһ̲סʵ֪ʥΪĸ𣿡


1765 ʥĸ
ĵȼûж£ֻǺ˰ʵ࣬Լʱĳƺֻܵο
ź컺ͻƹʥѪżңѪܹ֮֮ڣΪһλﵽ־档ˣ־磬Ҳ֮ΪѪǽʥı־
Ѫ
ͷ
ﵽ־磬Ѫ
ڿԬΡˣ඼ʵһ˹ʥҲ࣬Ϊ
ڹʥ֮Уһ
ڶ磬ǵʦӣʮʥ֮Уʮ֮⣬ʮ˴ﵽģˣ˳ΪӰټҡźŵ
Ӱټңһ־磿һ
ֻһֳƺ˾磬ڽʲô޹ؽҪź磬еѪҲ˵ﵽ־磬ֻҪδ±նͷ­Ҳ¸Ҿ־磬ԣҵѪҺԶʥ֮Ѫǿ󣡡
һ
ΪﵽʥͿѪڿˡ
ģڹʥ֮УҲ۷Ĵڡ
һأ
̲סʵ
һ磬ʦ½Ӱټң˿ʦ֮⣬ûܹﵽ˵־磬գʹ⣡ˣҲΪգʹȻҾ־磬кԶΣ
ź
ʹķˡ

ڵؿߵһ˵ʱһ˵Լʹǿߣʱ˽⾳磬Ҳûô⣬ζû뵽ǹʥ۷壡
Ҳ˵ˣڿôʵϣǰȷǴ½۷ĳ
ѹ֣ʦס޷
ǡλʥʲôʵ
ʵ
ʥӦһȺʥ֮УΪߵģ״ﵽ˺־磿
ͬǵѪֻҸһСˣźûﵽѪ۷壡־磬û㹻Ĺʥ֮ά֣ѾѾˣ
ȻԴɻ󣺡˵ǲӦöҪһЩѪĹʥ֮Ѫ
ּĹʥ֮ѪЧҲ󣡡źͷ
ã׹
ǵĶԻǴٶȼ죬ǰ󲻹ʮ߸˵꣬ߵ𣺡50ιʥ֮Ѫãʥһˣ
ֿ񣬴µơ
ȱż˵50ιʥ֮ѪǴﵽѪģͨѪҺһЦ
Ѫôȥ
봵𣬰߲ը
ΧҲһ»Ȼ
ͨ50ιʥ֮ѪˣһȻҪ50δﵽѪġ
ֱ٣
۸̫ߣӦû˻ɣ
ΪһôЩֵ

ʥѹ͵
һһõļӣҲֻӻᣬΪһᣬķôϸ˵ȷЩֵ
ֵ벻ֵԼȥ䣬ǿʦǿķһõѪǿ߶ѣѵͲ
ƺ˵ԥ΢΢һЦһʧȥᣬֻԵξ񣬿ԼҲУҾͶలżˣǵõļҲϲ٣
۸Ȼ£ģҲܽͣ򣬾ʧȥˡ
⡭
˳Ĭ
һʹһݻԵξ񣬾Ϳôˡ
Ӱټˣ
ܳĬʱʥ
ˣ
ˢˢ𾪡
Ҳϻʥָһһƿͷ˹
ֽӹοƿǿһۣѪҺϢŨ಻٣պ50Ρ
Ŀһź죬Եͷ֪ЩǴﵽѪģһϲָãһӰټң
ڶ60εѪĹʥ֮ѪƤһ̧
ô60ˣ
ղŲ50𣿡
ͬΪҪǼۣ
ܲը
ΪڶҲͬ۸û뵽һһ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ǿѡ򣬲ʦ½ߣ߸ӰټǸֻһξԼ
΢΢һЦ˺ʥһ壺ң󣬱ϾԽԽ١
ʮʮˡ
ҧġ졣
Ϊﵽ־磬˭ŬУһֻһõĸĵĳţȻһλ̡
붼˾ơ
ʮĻҲҪ
ߵĻδ䣬һϹһҲڵ


1766 
Ϲ
ͷƤըȫë
60εѪĹʥ֮ѪѾԤˣһﾹȻҲҪҪץ
ģҵģʲôϹƤһ̧ЦҪԸ߼۸񣬳ǣҲҪ
ʣ»ѵȥ򣿡ҧ
㵱ɵԽԽ壬ȻƣȴҲԩͷ
ϹһղλСʦѾ˵ˣ۸ߵãʮҾͳʮ壡
㡭
ȴҲû취
ȻȻǼ۸ߵãܲñ˾ۣ
ҳʮ˰죬ߵ
ʮߣ
ʮˣҪɱˡ
ʮţ
ʮ
ϹһȻ
ܺáʮ壡ҲͲס߷񣺡ϹٸҼȥھ͸㷭
Ǻǣã㣡
Ѿ̧ʮˣϹЦһٲ˵
Ѿͷʥ޴ڱԵˣٴ̼ȥŪãĻ
Ȼʵη壬һʥޣܻʦáӰټǿ߻ƣµġ

˿צһһƿ
̺75ΣﵽѪʥ֮Ѫ
ʥ;޴75ζ˵ܴ󣬵ʥ˵ʲôֻҪѪ츳ѣ
Ѫĸ֣Աࡢ嶼ٵĶࡣ
ԣЩۣŻģͳȥһۡ
ڶָʥһ壬ļۡ100ιʥ֮ѪЦЦ
100ΣüëһϹɫһƿڴôȥ
ղŲ60Σֱӷ˽ӽһİɣ
ΪΣ۸ӣ70ҲǼޣԣŲͰû뵽һûеµߡ
Ӱټʥһֻһ򣬲ҾͲˡ
һЦӯӯĿ𣺡⣬ʵ㡭ҾͿˣ
лһôܷŹ
벻ԼԿ
㡭ϹĿҪը
ӦĹʥ֮ѪһʦҲ϶ãˡ뿪һɱˣٰѶǡ
һͷʥĴ
ʥ֮Ѫɱ¾֮Ũʵʣླǿߣ˵ˣ
ԷһʦõҲûãȻˡȴӦһ˳㽫һɱˣйͷ֮ޣ
ţ
ϹɫŻָһЩһ100Σ100ΣҸ٣㽫ĸȫң
㣿
ǶѾˣʣµģ϶ĵļ۸ٸߣҲãһңҸͬļ۸񡣡Ϲ
ǿװǣҲں
ãͣһ£ͷ
Է˵ĲӰټҺʥޣ仨Ѵ۹򣬿϶ˣȻˣһԷ
ȥٶˣҲҪԼ͵ǸԼͱˡ

ͬ⣬Ϲ˿ָһƿ˹
ֽסÿһƿһٵѪҺĵ˵ͷ
ҪСģʥѪҺУһǵȫԵѪ͵Ϯ
ƺϹĲ⣬ź촫
ʥﵽѪ磬һѪҺһȻָʵ鷳֪ҪѶãָܹնɱǺ׵ġ
֪ЦЦ
ղŴƿǵʱѾȥˣȷ˶ԷʥԳԽ̫ⲻ
ֻһ£ȫɱ
ûѪҺԼҪ¸ɱģûۣҲˡ
ôʱ䣬϶ͱùˡ
޷ҿԳ֣ź
л棬ҿԴ˵ͷ
Ȼã׼ɣ
꣬Ҳûκ壬ʥٴοڡ
ͷٶ˵֮䶨õ˴Сڣֱǰ˹ȥ
ʥɳһͷ׺һͷɫıӣӦöͰйء
ͷླԲǿߣϿ飬Ҳ˵֪жǿ
Ӱټңһλ֣Ѧ¡
ܹ֮ģĶǲླԲƹʥ֮ǿ
ȥɣ
ˣ
СķӡһӴУɲǼʧԭأҲټ


1767 Ŀ
׼ӭսɣ
ʧʥתͷһʦĵ˵ͷ
ţ
ɫء
ǽʣµģͿˡ
ǾۼһʱսʥҲҳ
ʦȰûﵽʥģ뿪ź콻
ǣ֪Σգٶ˵ɵԶǰϸһ䡣
ʣµ飬ѾǴʥԲֵˡ
ܵǣֱ뿪
ʦú忪ʼˣӰټҡ塢ʥһ壬ûﵽʥģҲ˳ʱ䲻㳡ֻʣ¶ʮλʥһ໥ɵ
ʦˣܹһ𣬲ǻ˸ɸ꣬û˸ҵȶֽ֣֣ȻŴĳ״ơ
ʮλʥܶ࣬ʵϣȴǴ½ιʣ¼˭Ҳ̫
ʦǸղʦĸңת͸ģ
˸Լɵʦźǰһһơ
ң
֪Է˵ʦ֣Ǹźһ£ֽӹָһ㡣
ž͸еһ̴Ժ
ǡϹϵȱݣ
ͫһźһ
Ժģ϶ͷϹеȱݣԼ似е©ʮÿһúˣء
ô֪Щģ
ΪǺд˼ףǧȷˡ
Ϲһս˲°ٳһľʲôʩչУʲô֪һдģֺ
˵ⶫһúãٺϹսпܳɹնɱ
ﵽѪ磬Ѿ˵ǲˣͬǲ޵򣬺նɱЩȱúˣȴܳɱһͼֵޣ
һ̫˾ˡ
пһźλ󱲣ˡ
ǹƥõģǽĸɼһȻóؼϹǿߣ˿η壬ȱȫѼ
ʵʦʮǰˣҪѪָܻλԼѪ㲹
ʦһ£
ʱλ˳˯Ѫ飬û֪Ĳࡣ
Ϊʦֲ֪ĺ
˼ǡšѪźһ㶡
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ѹ֣һ͸е֮׽źȻ
֮ǰ֣Ϊεһۼλ͸е׽ԭ
ѪܹңѪ󣬲ӵгʡżңٲõˡ
֪ѶϢԺһ飬ź̲סпλˡ


Ʒ仯ܲˣҲ֪źĶʲôӰ죬ֻһΣһĴ
ãԱȷֵֺĶ࣬ҲŨǽϣһ黭⾳ܸߣеʱḴһ㡣
ЩȲϴͼҲûйʥ֮
һۣҡҡͷ
Щֻͨ黭ûзӡһ磬ԣҲûνĹʥ֮󣬶ڵ˵Ѿû̫
λˣһۣ־ҪȡᣬûǰͿһǹǰ
λȻú̸̸
һЦ˹
֮ԸǣͼˣȽ˵
ȻҲۡ
˾ʵǿƾšصˣնɱӦòѡ
㡭
û뵽һһͷλȫɫһ䣬һۣߣ
˵ȡһƣ͵顣

һݹ֣֣գ۹Զȥ

ָһ㣬ܵĿռ̷
꣡
ݹɨռ˺飬ӰʧҰ
ǹʥµı
ҡҡͷ
̫ݹ̫ǿϹҲ֪Լܻºֱ֣Ӵǿı
ͷųܹնɱ˭Ҳ֪ûƣΣͷóȻ¡
ˣһʱ
Ҷзٲ֮ǰɱˣҲνС֣䣬ԼòҲ룡
뵽⣬תͷѦˡ
ˣҪģ

δ䣬Ѧˣͬһݹ֣ʧԭء
תͷʣµʥޣĿ⻹ûйǵĺ𣺡ǣԼߣ𡭡

ͬʧ

ˡ


1768 ʦĿ
ˣ
û뵽Ⱥһܵһһ죬ԼǼ˺ˮޣһ
ˣɱѦʥޣ̸̸ֻ
⸱飬ŵȫݸ
δǺ£ǲ֦ϾһҪġ
Σؽ͵
ţ
㣬Ҳ˵кһšκ̣Щͼֵƣȫ
ǣ
Ŷͬʱ˵ͷˢˢ˹ȥ
ȿȡʦЩǿʦµıֱǲЩ󲻾
ʦøλʦεĿ
һ⡭ǲ̫ؿʦˣ
ǵ˼ǡ

ôҲҪһհһλʦǺ

Ϊʲôý飬û뵽
ҡҡͷԸȥ
ŵ˶ɿ죬ʱ䲻ǽͼߡ
߰ɣ߻ָһ㣬ĸ֣˹Сʲôط
ĵڵС
·
Ҳ˵
ӦһСֱǰȥ
֪ٵ·һ˿ǰС
ڼ˲ٱһ·ȡͬȳһЩͨʯû¡
һλţȻ̰ƣλʦΣ治֪һǶԻǴˡ
ʦ֪иĺ󱲣ƻֱɣ
ôûһıʦô
ǵ𾪲ͬһգһ߲á
һ·ȡĶ黭١ë֮Ʒʮ󣬳ȥܹۣȴûһģֵõıȣ˲ֹһء
λʦؿڡ
⻰ʵ̫治ˣֻװ
һ·ǰУܿһá
ˡ
С˵һһʯϻζһ¡
ˣ
ʲôмһߴĵ񻺻ת
ǿʦ
ܽ˵Ѿͨ˳Ŀ飬Ҫõ䣬Ҫһ
𣬽񣬸һ崺֮С
õĸõģЩǿˣߵһģ˵ţʸõˣһ顣
ǰ̺ͨŻɱԼħܹܼͨ䣬лὫ֮ģΣգᱻ͵֮⣬ҵĴ޹أ
ǰһָ
ȥȻм䣬һֱͨԶӣһۿͷ
ʼɣÿˣֻһλᣬһȥҲԵȥûơ
ͨôˣ
С
ۿȥͨƽʲôûУҲκ󷨺ۼô˵ģ
ѵ˵ľʲôӰ죿
ǿʦר£󱲵ģΣҲ̫СΡ
ðɣ
֪һһؼʱ̾ûɶã֮תпȥ
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ʦԣܳɹɹ׼
ǰһ
СһЩ
ܿʦ˵ûΣգЩġ
ţһЦŵȥܿͨǰûκγɣһ̤С
ˣ
һ׵Ĺâ֣һ̣Ůĳֻþվԭһ
֪˶ã֮͵ɢˣɱ˱ѩŮһۻͣܣҪͨ顣
ǿͨǿ󣬲ʹöĹûκα仯
Ŵʣٴμˡ
һᣬͻȻ
һ£ϸȥֹȻ˵Ŵ˿̱øǿ󣬾ʥҲֻһ֮ʱͻơ
ʵ£һ㣬ɢ˵Ϣøţˡ
һһȻζ
Ȼ̶ʱ䣬ٴαԲˡ

ϸʲôɱ䣬ͼһâٴν֣һ̣Ǳһ㣬Ůƾʧԭء
δͨ
ʦ
ûͨ
һ£漴Ȼ
ղŵ˵ˣ޷ͨᱻ뿪ӦǱˡ
ʦ
ʦ㱻뿪κǰ
һͬ˻þʱ䲻ʣͬӣ
ȻһûʥȴҲ˺ܴɱ䣬һƺֻһ֮
ܿ죬Ҳ뿪
һɣ
ߺʣλʦҲȥԥͷ


1769 ľͻƹʥ
ȻûΣգûҪʱˣϿͨˣҵ˵
ͬʱͷһͨ˹ȥ

ǰ̸еĹâϣ漴ǰһԭʧ
һ̣Ѿһΰɽ֮ǰ
ƣͷɽƺ鼮ѻɣûе·ûоͷֻһ֣ʱʱһƻõĸо
ɽΪͨߵĽȣ費ͬĻԵ
ʦ
ţӦһһ
ȻǰһУʵޱȣӸղŵ˵Ӧһֻþ
Ҳ˵ͨڣȴ鼮ѻɵĴɽ
أת

δ뿪ԭء
޷СҲԣܹУ̫ˡ
ͷ
ﵽɽܹͨɵĻֱӷȥ̫ף
ٴǰɽȥֻɽͺͺģ鼮鼮ûͨҲûпֵĵط
һһϴȥ͸е޴ѹѹ׻飬ƺˣðѪ
⡭
ɫһ
ţɽʵ¹⻬羵۷ӦҲѣû뵽ѹô
ͬвླԲǿߣͣڶôϵȥ
ѵȥ
һᣬ˺üطͬϲ˰ףͱѹֻͣ£üͷɸ
ȥûе·ôȥ
ѹšκ̵˶޷ͨȻûô򵥡
Ȼɽоһ£Щʲô飬ҵؼ
ͣһ£ǰ鼮˹ȥһٱᣬսͼݣָһ㣬֪ʶԺ
Щ鼮似ġռָУ½ϵְҵƺ̺ڡ

ս֪ʶһ飬ͼǰ⻬羵ɽͻأһ̨ףżӡ
һ㶡
ղתϰ죬ûⶫôֻ˼ٱ飬ͳˣ
ѲɡԿһͨ
ԣ
뵽㣬ٲɣ۾ֱɽܻˡ

鼮ͼڣʮӣռ֮ࡣ
һ㣬֪ʶԺ˫۽գս͸еǰɽһζһ̨ףƾճ֣ӡ
Ȼ
ȻͿ飬֪ʶйأĿһ
˿ô鼮¿ʶɨӣ϶Ҳץ񣬾ңһһۿͼԶ¼תɼ䡭
ʱϣ˿˷ѣҲԺҡ
ڵͺһǿĵԣǰ޴ɽԱ˵Ҫ䣬˼ڤ룬ͣУճͿˡ

̤Ͻݣܵ鼮ȥ֪ʶԺ
濴Խ࣬¥һ㸡֣ȥ
ͨǰҲˣͨһٱ鼮ͻһ¥ݡ
Ҳ飬ˣһֱ䡭ǹʥ϶Ҳͷˡ
˲֪ãͷȥ·ƣֻһ¥ݣбڰ֮䣬زãƺֻʣһ¶Ӱ
ô飬ûɽκ˵ܲסɣ
пһ
⣬ʱ٣ȫͬġ
ͼǿߵ˴ˣߵû꣬ǧ꣬
ʱ⣬һֱ飬ʲôûУݹ¶ͻ̬ʧ⣬ʥδܹ

ǰ˼һᣬΡ
ߵҪһǧܳһ¥ݡ
֮ǰЩԼ֣Ѷٴʮ൱ѹյһݡ
ѶȶԱ˵ˣ˵ǸƵḶ́ûʲô
ǰ˰죬˿Ѿﵽһ鼮ܳһ̨ס
֪Ӧÿ쵽ͷˣûмӿٶȡ
ֲ֪˶ãڿɽߡ
ɽ·Ϊʦǣ֪ʶڷܡ
пһ̾Ϣһ
ܵɽԽ࣬ԽߣǶԾĥ£ǿʦԺ󱲵ľʾ
ߺˡƴ󣬲ʣĻ
Ļ㹻ܶи⣬ӵиӲػԽԽԶɾԽԽߡ
ͺʮʥʮ͡
ǵʾ㲻ʦɵõ˿ʦְִ࣬ȻȺߣ׵Ķࡣ
ɳɾȴԶܺͿʦ⡭
ֻһֿܣǾǣ֪ʶϣԶʦĻ˽
ʦ궨ϡС£ְҵΪûκ촦ʵϣĥ£ػ£ǰĸԶ
꣡
ЩʣͻȻԺһƿֺƿӭ⡣
ľͻ29.9ˣ
ȭͷһ۾ͷųҫ۵Ĺâ


1770 
ľ֮ǰʹﵽ29.99ͻƣֻһ֮
úȡͻƣû뵽ڿô鼮ֱӿ˹ʥ30.0
30.1
30.2
30.3

գ۹ʹﵽ31.9Żͣ
һ˲䣬˽ӽ2.0Ŀ̶ȡ
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֮ǰ޷˿ԺУݣü򵥡ףѡ
ˣԸ˹ʥ֮ĴڣԽ֮壬Ρ
Ҳ˵ͻƹʥļʣӣ
ѹ˵ľͻƣʥлᡭ
ֱܵ仯Ȼ
֮ǰ׺˵ͻƹʥ˵ľڿȻˡ
ʥţľͻƣŻ˷϶ֻҪ㹻ʱԽУķ⡣
Ҳ˵˿ҪǴﵽ˲ླԲټϹʥ֮ѪĻȫһﵽʥ֮
Ȼûﵽ־磬˿̣αװʥѾܹʥѹҲ˲ˡ
΢΢һЦ
ܾʦ½۷ľ磬˲֪Զľͻƣαװ֮װɹʥҲûܹʥϢѹȣҲ˲˷ֺˡ
ˬͨ֮ǰ̫࣬ĸҲһɨա

һ۾ͣɽɨ鼮һͼݣԼ֪ʶ
ܿɽ
ﲢûʲô⣬ֻһʯ̨ǰ֮һ
¡
ٴαâ֣֮ǰһԭʧ
ûɽҲû鼮ǰһҶۣһƬĴ󺣡
ڱ֮ϣųϫͣζԶԶȥ֪ô㣬ǰңͷ
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ɽ·ΪѧĿۡ
пһ䣬û֮ǰĻţֻȻĸоӦþνѧˡ
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ˮ£εȺһѶϢݱĳ󷨡
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¶ѧʣǻۣ֮󣬸֮ʢǰĺ棬֪ʶɽѧһ˲䣬ڻͨĸо
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֪ʶӿԺ˿̵һɱĺ࣬ͣˮ
֪˶á
һվ黭ħѱޡ顢ҽʦ󷨡
֮ǰѧְҵȫ豹棬ﵽ˾Ǽ
˿̣㲻ʦܲ룬Ҳɿ˾ָޣΪľʦ
Щְҵϵ⣬ֱ׷ĿʦԶνš᳤ˡ
ְҵԽѧԽ࣬ԺҲԽѡ

ѧ˲ְ֪ҵоʱйâ֣ٴ۾֣վͨڣ뿪ʱȥһӶѣ
ɽѧĸоʮ죬ζû뵽ֻô̵ʱ䡣
ǻһΡ
תͷܿȥߺλʦվԭأ岻ͣζڳĥ£δѹ
أ
һܣ¶ɻ
һˣšκ̣ûͨˣ͵ˣߺʣ¶˶ڣôΨأûټ
ѵûͨˣˣ
֣пʦʯٴ
ͨˣǰ߳ͨͿԿ䣡ʸõҵĴС
ҵ˵
˿ٲͣЪͨǰȥ
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ʱ䲻ͨͷ
ͬǸӡ赲ߵǰ
һСڿУ֮һӡ򿪣һ϶һ˽ȥ
ţһĴߡ
м䣬һʯ̨بм䣬һ鼮ƽ棬ɢҫ۵Ĺâ
鼮棬ùд֡ƺʱʣ˷ֱ治Ȿ飬״ڹȥδһ֣ʱʱ϶Զڡ
Ǵ䣿
۾һȭͷȥ취֮漴һӰͻأʯ̨ϣһ󣬽Ȿ䣬
ء
Ӱģһס


1771 أʥ
ʯ̨ϣ鼮ߵģǱˣǸղͨʧأ
Ȼ֪ʱ
治зӡûдĸ޷
ôԼ
ؼǡӵͼݣԿ鼮ԷѲɣҲ㣬ͨ˿ˣ
¡¡
Щɻ󣬻ûף洺䱻ʯ̨ͣζ·ʧȥ˱ѹҲܲסմ

ȱˮһ㣬鼮ڷӿ
ʯ̨ϵأ˿Ӱ죬ֱ
â鼮ʦƵƺҪƣȴζ
ҵĻζ£ܵĿռһŤķȻѡ
ˡ
죬϶Ҫ
˭õˣλҵĺ󱲣
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ʥ
֮ǰڿʦµķӡֻţ˿̴£ƻҲͲסȫ˽
ǸŮ
أ
סӰȫһ㶡
λʦı֣䣬õļʺܴζû뵽Ȼ󣬿ر۵Ů
û취ǸҰɣ
鼮ͷųҫ۵Ĺâ˷ܵ۾͸죬ҲͲסצ͵ؾͶץ˹
Сġ
û뵽ôıʣʥҲˣɫѿȥˣͻȻԶŮüëȻ
¡
ǿϢϱֱ̲񷣬γһǿķǽ
أ
ߵצڷǽϣûһۼƻ
ǡʥ
ͫһ
Ůһ˲䣬ʩչģȻǹʥʩչȰ߶Ҫǿ
̣
ʩչʥʵƺ޷
ˣҪɹ
ɫͻȻһ䣬ʥȡ
ûһ컭ꪣƿնֱؾͼ̶
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üֲסֳִأһ
һĹâ֣֮̽սȦ
̣
컭ꪴ˿̳صͷ
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ָصı
ˣ
ߵתʥɫһ죬Ҳֲס컭ֶҲѪ磬ɶ
⡭
ͫ
һֱΪֻΪζû뵽ǹʥôǿ
һָĴһ˵ʥɡѲɣѾԽ˵Ѫﵽյľ磿
Ҫˡ״Ӻζ

ɻ󣬾ͼŮĿռ䣬˺ѵֽһѿһ޴Ŀ
Ҫߣٲ֣ıˡ
һĻʥٴδȡ
ղŻЩԥˣҲͲסͬʱ֡

Ϲǰƾճһ˫֣ƿץ˹
ʥ컭ٴһתǼ̡
צɢ⣬ʱն˲ͣ١
йʥһ֣ط·˻δʱŤ綼˺ҹ
ʥ̫ǿˣôͬʱ֣ʦ½пܻᱻֱӴ
ʹźûУ
ۼҪϣһŭĺ𣬽һԻͶĽ˲նΧĿռ䣬ӭ˹
ź죬㲻ҪͿʦõˣ
ʥ͵ѹ
컭ꪺͽһź鲻Խĺ˼ݷס
λӰټҵǿ߱ȣǲһء
Һ󱲵ŮѣǾżҵˡ
ź첢䣬ٴξ
һ˵ʵǿҲֵסôʦΧοʥʵҲԶ
˻
϶ͷ¡
Ůɵս䣬Ҳ֪ʱɹô֣Ѳ
ء
ۼŮҪôΧУһˡʥʬæֵͿһâֱԶ˹
ûǰµĹâͱռҲܲס
С㣬㰲ŵģѾ׼ˣЩֵ

֮ǰʧأǰ


1772 أʵ
ãҵֵһᣬҽ
ͷӦһȫĵ鼮ӿ˹ȥ
أͷҲ˵â
䣡
ʥĹȫڵâϣأɫأʩչͬ˳Ȼ˼ȴǹƥйȫ棬ôǿϣסûһ˿ϢйӶ˵ء
ǿ

ּսѾԲֵˡ
ֻǡλأǸոͻ
ôôϣ涼סĹ׵
ңֻɫأδˣ
⵽׶ǿʵ
ѵҲﵽ˵Ѫ
أһֵסʥͺܿˣλأȻҲ
һ˲䣬ֻĸо
һֱڶ
ڳˣ󡭡
أסʥδ֣üëһ
ˣ
˲䣬â䣬˲䣬ӿǳڡ
ʮʥƳǿ칬ǳͼǾȻ
أɫ̱ˡ
ǳͼĲãΪ˷ֹѣ죬ڣ
һЦʥһ

ǳâ֣Ŀռ䣬ʼϣʱ䲻ͻָ
ܵܵĿռϢ̣ȡǹǰ̣ŷ֣ռѾӲͬʵȻ˺Ʋֺ
Ҳ˵֮ǰռ뿪ڱǳֺ޷ˡ
סռ䣬ʥǿǿյľˣǰһ㡣

һǳֱأ
ǳȴŻص壬ʥȫ̳ķ컭ꪶҪ£ûǰأڵĿռ䣬Ҫһ㣬ʱ
ơ
ⶫôǿأɫѿָһѪմС
ҫĹâһãռѣ
׹ǳ֮һײ̱롣
⣡
ߡ˲ѪأݲҰס
Ȼһ£ҲļЩܲס
ҿܵס
סһţһЦʥٴһָ

һǳֱ׹䡣
֪С䣬أһյ
ȻˣҲûʲôɱˡ
βδʹóһֱ۹ǼܣմѪֱϳ˹ȥ
Ǽһ֣ɢŨϢԽϷɣԽ޴Ƭ̹գضһ֡
꣡
ǳ͹ǼһӴɷĩ
ǳûͣЪգ˺ǳͣζ޴ǳͼȻƺЩܲס
ǿ
Ǽܶôŵʱ򣬸ж
źȫסʦõʥҲһ͡
ͼΪʥܵļΪ̣þȫ޷ƿռ˵ٵǳˡ
ֱۣһץǳζ˵Ǽܵʵ˵Ѫ
Ϣ
˵𾪲ͬһ
ǰֱ۵ĹǼܣһϤζ
Ǻ˵ġ
ͫһ
еֱ۹ǼϣȱһָǣϢʮϤдǡˣ
˵ֱ۹Ǽܣôأ
ңΪλôǿ
һʱз飬ܶ鶼벻ͨˡ
֣ѵµͷùˣ
һѪȡ
άͼתǼҪ˺ܵķɣп䡣
Ȼᣡ
֮ǰһֱԱ߿ֵϹ弸λʥͬʱ˹
⡭
һš
ӶԻӰټҵʥȻϹǺϵ
Ҳ˵ӰټҺ˾Ȼˣ
ô£
źҲԡ
Ҫ˵˵ʹޣӰټңԲʦ½ΪΡ֣

Ϲһһ³ڿУ֮ǰ˺ͼֱ۹ǼܣܵµͻȻͣ
֡
أɫأһٴλָ⣬ѪȥǼһ˯һ㡣
ĶȻӰټ֣նԴ
ƣֹǼ޷أȭͷ͵̧ͷеϹҪը
ٺ٣ܲնҵԴͿܻܲصȥˡ
û˿£ϹһЦףңӦףҪģңǳʣǲǰӹʱ£
ӹʱ£ѵ
һǲţأǡĳӹʣ


1773 һ
ӹʣ֮һʵȨĵۻʣ飬ƹܣųһˣҲΪôһֱƺԼүͯӣ
ǡΪСأֻʲôݣ
䣬Ȼȥ롣
֮ǰ˵ǿߣʦ½ȴôҲζû뵽Ȼߣһλˣ
ʡ
ȻѾ˴𰸣ӹأѿȭͷŷŭ
ߣദ֪꣬ƽڶҲˣˣԸԼȻ塣
뵽⣬Ҳ̲ס̧ͷԶʥӰټҺ˰ɣ
ӦʣܳһǿߣܻȡƽֲΪʥû˿
ƽ
ѾӦӰټңֻҪϽڣٲʥ
ԭˡӹҧ
ѹӰټҺ壬죬ƽദֶԸԼ˰죬
ǿߣһ壬ʵָˣӦʵҲǶҵһֱ
ֻˣѵܱ֤Ӱټҡʦãû壿
˵ڷȳãǾѾ׼ã˰ɣ
ӹٴε
ԺعΪն֣ȻɱʥϢΪնɱȴû뵽ƻˡ
һ˲Զһۡ
ã˺üλʥ͵λӹͶһﲻ֪ôð˳ؼǡһ־նɱһλʥǿߣ߶ûֱŵٲҳ֡
⡭
Щ׹
ѹ֣ӰټҵˣҪȻعǣ˰죬Ϊأȥ
ӵк˵ֱۣعǱȻĸӦȷ޷ܡ
ںǼܱԼ֮ɣȴû˵ʲôӦúйء
ȻûߣҲܣƺԼһСΪү
˵ȥϪɽѰҴĸʱǾѾ֡ӹʽŵ
ϪɽѦȥˣһλˣʱ;֣ŸС㣬ȥ飬֪ͨĶ飬ֹͣ
ֻûʲôͲ˹Ǽ֣ܳ׷˹ȥ

Ҳϣʥͷ
ܺãҪѯʵĻ꣬ӹ۾漴͵һ޴УͫתͬԨɱҾˣƾǡɱңûôף
¡
ͯӰӰߣϵɱ¾֮ԽԽŨ򣬾ͻָ˵ģͷʹڣۣһһŻߵȺϡ
Ȼǳӹʡ
źĳͣƺʱ᲻ܿƵĳȥ
λǿߣȻûȴţһģһ
𾪣ʥҲһɫأž衣
˵Ӱ
һߵʵ̫ˣǵʵﵽ˴½۷壬ףǰˣ˶ھܶԸ˵ġ
ۿأָߣ˵
ǿߣԹʥʵαװ࣬ᱻʦòܹأαװ棬֪ⶫ
λӹһö˵αװͯӣαװʦʦÿ¶޷ֱ١
ַ̫ˣαװ֮Ѫ̽ο
ҲͽͣһǿߣΪε壬ȴʼѰˣ
塢ӰټңΪ֪Ѿ뿪ӡв֡º׻ʦйء
ЩϢڶУҲ㳹׽˳
Ӧǣһ׻ʦӹ뿪ĴѶңҽϢӰټңȻڵĲ֡
Ψһ㲻ǣصʲôݣг䵱ʲôĽɫ
֪ûôףߣˡ
ָʥ֪Ҫһս̷öҩָղܵˣеķ컭ꪾдɱ
ӰټҺĹʥҲͬʱ
ãֻΪһ̡
ɱңӰټҲǺǣ
һХӹתͷźԼʦùʥأ
ӹʣҸףֳɱѺǣ죬ȻǿߣǾɣ
ǵ˺ѣҲϣۣ죬ڴˣҲҪɱ㣬οǵ֮飡
ҵ£㵱һնɱĻҷ𣬽ֱܹҲֵˣ

ʦüλʥͬʱǰɱڡ


1774 
ĶԹѾˡ
˫ϵˡѣʤѲ죬Իġ
˿̣ǿ߱ΧڴˣʦõĹʥܷŹᣡ
źأ
ЩҲҪΧԼӹʲ⣬ٴο
żҺ壬ս°ٳҵĸס游棬ȱϵģʤУմż˵Ѫ죬ȻԶ٣̫䣬ʤ֮䣬Ǳ𣬲ǹƽǿʦ֪Ҳ
ź쿴ǰӰ̺Ŵ塣
ʦʦҪսҪһʵɣֱǰ
桭
ҲҪ֣̲סڡ
ôΧǳͼ³ӹΣĺˡ
ȻûκκøУأһֱߣǰ󣬴˿̱ôΧЩܲˡ
ˣֵͬ飡
֪˵ʲôź֡
ս壬޷
ûλһߣ϶һɢɳ޷Կ
ڽ˶ͷ󻼣
ˣӰټңŲϧôʥǰᴺ䣬ڵڶλ
ܺãأ
ȫ֣ӹٴοԶʥǡ
Ҳֻ͡õ䣡ߵ
Ǿ˺󣬲ȻȭۣսȦ˭Ҳ֤᲻ᱻɱ
һЦӹгһ֮ٲϻüϵϢȻɢһԨ纣֮С
αװأõʦʹõ˿ָ̣𣬶ɱ¾ս˲䱩һֹ
֣
ϢϾҪ۷壬֪ٲ֣ɱʥеķ컭һ
ȥ
Ĺצƿռ䡣
󳬼ֵĹһһâһ㼲̡
úã
ָ˱𣬳ӹһȻըͬʱеĳֱǰȥ
˻
ǳͼĿռ䣬һѺۣâ󹥻컭ꪺ͹צǱɵİ򣬵ɶ
ӹǰ̤ƺڣ֮£ʥĹͱ棬ٴǰԴ
һ£գʥﵽ˵Ѫ磬Ҳ޷ܡ
ˣ
λӰټǿߣۼҪնɱʱһâͻʱ䡢ռƣǰֵܹնɱʥ϶Ҳܵˡ
ӹʽ

֮ڶź̤Уһλɡ
ս˿ĭ
Ǵ½۷ĳǿߣһһзҿԶսȦ򣬿϶ͱ˺ɷĩʣ
λӹʣǿ󵽼ޣܱôΧɴжȣû˿ҡ
أ
սԽԽͻȻһƺߣ漴һӰӿе䡣
йʥˣ
ͷӾˡ
ʬ壬˳Ϲһ£ӵйʥڶ㾳ʵ
Ǻö
ּ֪ʬ壬ǰǹ˹ȥ͵һ

սָ
䣡
ʬ壬һӰټҵĹʥ׹¡
ˣӰټҵǿߣҲʼ䡣
ʦá
˵ʬ壬գӰټҺʦãȥ
Ͼʦ
ʬ岻գս֮Уʥ֮Ѫ˲١
սԽԽĹʥҲԽԽࡣ
ʮӣʮͷʥͻʣ²һ롣
˿̵ĳӹʣѾ˺ۣƲᡣ
ʥź죬Ҳ˿ڣڴŴù
Ϲᡣ
ʵǿǱȽϼ黫湥ǰ˳ˡ
һߣû뵽ôϣʧôءٴοǰĳӹʣźд
ΪѾվ֮ˣû뵽ôϣɱôࡣ
ҲֻʵĻɱңˡ
ӹʺ
ƴҲһ𡭡źҧ
Ǿԡ
ӹЦͻȻеͼסĿռ䣬ͣζ
¡¡
Ǳ˺ѿһ׵Ĺâ͸ͼҫһ޴ļ̳֡
âֱ֡
ɹˡ
ӹ۾һ
֮ǰ뿪㳡׼ã׼ⶫɹҲƲס˷ܡ
˻
̳Ĺâҫأʹﵽʥٴνҿ˷ӡøӰ޴
£䣬Ҳⲻס˲ͱ


1775 뿪

Ĵ䣬գ۹ŮģʧȥټǱߡ
̣
صǳͼҲ˿ռ䣬ٴγһ޴Ѻۡ
ЩѺ۲֪ӵδīŻ
Ѻһ֣һɾ޴ͽŮͣ˺Ҫקߡ
üëһ壬ŮһУеļ̳˹Сڽ¡
վڼ̳ϣŵ֮ʱû

סΣĿ͸룬Ů˹
վڼ̳ϵӰһһӰ֮ںϣϾҪը
ǡ壬񣿡
ѹ֣ṬıӰЩϤڱѩ磬ٴοָоζû뵽Ȼǡأ
ӰټҵǿߣҲʥ޻Σǡϵ飡
ô
㲻Ǹң𣿡
һ˲䣬Լģ˺顣
רѯʹݣԷ˵ԼˣҲ˺ʦ¡
ѵһֱƭ
ԷݣʲôλԲںܽܵģǱƭá
Ҳˣ֮ԭ򡭡ӣۿһ죬ͣͿѺٴ֮ԽƲס
ڰ֮еҲʼζʦ½Ҳ˲̶ͣȵ
ҵԳܵķΧ޷ȥˣȻʦ½˻𡭡
ǰ¶˰ˣټˣʶ㣬Һܿġģʮֿģ

ڰǰʼŮӰ
īأʱʧ
㻹ûҽͣΪʲô񡭡
ڰҪקߣҲ̲סһ֣Ʋ棬͵س˹ȥ
ǰץסŮƣ뽫Ӻڰȴζ
ǰĺڰͺ޵׶һ㣬׹еˣ޷ͷ¹ʥС
ð׷ˣĹǿ£ֻѡ
һЦŮסҺҴδѣ
ĵģŵһӿ壬֪Ůû˵ٻҲ̲סԺβҵ㡭
벻֪ĺڰҪ𣬾Զ
ԶֻԶһ
ԵһġûԵֻ˺
ʣٴοǰ꣬𣺡ټˡҵİˣ

Ůױڰûʧǰ

һæǰȥҲȥȴеײǽһ㣬˻
ܣ
һģ͵˹ȥ

Ľ
ǰصĺɫѷ죬˵ȻȹʥҪ£Ʋ˷ֺ
ն棬ͬ޻ն˸ϣʲôۼû¡

ؽ룬ѷԽԽСܿʧ

ʧȥңͣҿϧǿѺȴҲ֣ղŵһУǻþһ㡣
ˣնˣλŮѣȻǴӸǿģʵﲻƿĽƣ
һڶ
ľתӱлָһȭͷǿ磿
˵Ǻˡ
Ҫ˵Դ½֪϶ԼлȨ
ǰͷ֣б磬ȶĿռ䣬ǿˣпܾǴ磬ģ
ƺָһЩ䣬𣺡ֻĽʮǿҪǿƿʱңѾӵյʵ޷
ն񲻴ûܹɣҧ
գǹʥ۷弶˭ɣ
ûܹɣµĲʦӦˣ˵
ʦ
ʦ½ʷʦûޣʧʵȫԳ˯ⷽôʲôټҲ
⡭Ĭ
֮ǰʦʧûϸ룬˿̿رڰѷɣ֪ӵиλ磬Ҳ뷨
һʵͻƣ֮£ֻ뿪
ˣߵϢûмء
ʦܹ룬Ҳһܡ
ȭͷҧ
ΣҪҵأʦȻܹͻһҲܣ
ˣҲǡ
߰¾ԶĳӹʵˣҲлָλһһЦһݣȥ
ղ̫ǿѾͼĿռ䳹顣


1776 ߵ
ߡ
ʥٴ컭»⡣
źҲǰ˱һѷĳƿռ׷
˽һ
ֵĹռ䣬ǿߣŪûʱ֪ӹʹ˲ߣһתеĳٴκ¡
˫նٴ³Ѫɶ
ս;ƿݣֵܹڣȫƾһ֧š
ĳһر
ǿڵƣӹվƺӦʲôٹ˲նɱˣһҧгһ㣬һڵ֣ͨζֱ˳ȥ
ͨ͵δ󺣣ɽץסȻˡ
ʥҧеķ컭ꪶҪռ䣬ͼԶͨͻȻͣʱߵĳӹʣͬ鵽ϵ㣬ô޷뿪
ӹʣżߣˣôҲҪһᡭ
һ漴ߴӰ˳
ˣͳӹʵƣͷ϶Żʹڣϵɱ¾֮Ũīһۣ׹
ѵǡλߣ
ͫ
ţϵѪԲ³ˣҪնɱӹʵģʺͳǻʣ
û뵽λߣҲ뿪壬Ե
ҿǵӣΧû뿪һֱҳ֣
Ҷ֣Ѿ֪ԭίŹǵġ
ˣӹҲͲס뷢г͵¡

â˺ƿռ䣬Ȼ󣬵֮£ǰͲˡ
ָһ󣬳ʱ㽫â档
ӹʲü̸ֵֻģɱɱģӹף˵֪Ҫɱ㡭˿عҲǱ޳Ī˵ûиģòĵΪ飬Ϊͷɣ
𣬳һĿֻǽ֣ҵѣѲɣΪ㣿
㡭
֪λڣ϶Ӳӹƽٴվֱ˼һ˱ǹüŲַƽҴǲΪҪѡ
ΪҪѣ
ߣ̫λˣǰֻҪ׼ʦͻʲôңǽѵҪǧǧˣһֱֵط
ķԸҲΥ
û뵽Ե⣬ӹü
ΪǶĲٳɶ࣬ﵽɵڵĵزζû뵽Ȼԭ
񣬲ǽǱܵ˺ҲǶ˵һֱΪε˶ԷУ
ķԸȻΥɱ㣬ҾǿߡֻҪԸ⣬˵ʲôʲôѲΪٴ̽飿磬ûôף飬ҲܵɿķɣȻҲʦ½ˡ
Цüëһİɣһ棬㱻ӰټҺʦõնɱҸϹ˵ʱѾˣǰһ֮λڸңͳ塣Ȼһˣ屨𡭡
㡭
ӹһΡ
һüıһж֮У
ţ潫ԼɱˣԼ¿϶ᱨڿʺӰټҺʦһۣǵû£ŭӶҰģ
ʣ˺ǵԼ
⻰ʥҲɫһ䣬̲ס
Ϊɱ˳ӹʣԪˣû뵽ԷսɣλʣӹҪˣͶԷս»ƵԿơ
ģԼһأǲ꣬Ͳһˡ
һЦ
õ˴䣬ȥûʲôߣʲôûϲ˵ӰټҵĹʥʦùʥҲˡ
˵Ļᣡ
ʲô˼
ʥͫһеķ컭
ʥҲѻһһͻȻ֡
һͷߣɱǼȫûˣһٳ֣ضٴΣ֡
ûʲô˼ȻˣͲܶǳ֣ȻҲܵԼɡİɣȥδӣҴϸ̸
ʥһ裬֪ԷˣֶȫĻҲлᣬ汳οҪĲǺ巭ǹԼȨ
ֻȫƿʸȥ룬սԼ
Щ΢΢һЦٴοǰӹʡ
ӹʣټˣ
Уƾ͵
صۣǿ󵽼ռ䣬͵ӹѹ


1777 ӹʵֶ
ɱңҲûôף
Է˺ƤֱӶ֣ӹ𳤵ƿնգ۹ȼճڵĻ棬١
峽ӹʣǿ似ԭ
һ˫ﲻƣ
٣
ƺ֪УһЦ㸲ƣȫѹܵĿͱʵʡ
ӹʣȫʢʱڣһˣʡǻʶ˼һ𣬶δǶ֡
˿̣ˣԪʵʮһԭǿ󣬿Զǰ
ͶԷһӴûﲻƵ𣬳ɶ֪䵽˺δ
أ
ҲڵһˤڵϣɫҰףѪ硣
ӰټҡʦáˣʮλʥΧϵƣʵ̫ˣܹţѾǽңλܵסʵµĳ֣

һе֣۾Ź⣺ӹʣݺ£Ҳн죡
ǰһǰƲסؿڣЦ
ǰλ޵Уεȷ⣬Ҳһڽ£
ǻʣδ㣬ѵҪۣͬһɱңֻҪҶɹѹأȥᵱʲô¶ûһ
ڵϣԷѹƣһܶӹңתͷԶһλߡ
ҡǻʳɡ
һαӹʣҲʵΡ
ǻʣ˿ʼѾû·һָǶ
Ȼɣüëһ
һʲôãʵҲǿȱݾ̫Ѷˡ
ˣô·
Բˣӹʣʸҵʵ޷ܾ
ǰλֶΣͶԷӦĺôǻͣƬ̣ҧ𣬱ֱڵϵӹȥ
һ£ʮ㣬߶ܲĻԴֱը
ȻǱѣרѹңô˴⣿
ԷۼҪͷӹʷǵûнţԽƽ
ţ
⸱飬λߣͬʱһ˿Ҳ̲סɱ
֪ɵʱԽɹļԽСٹ˲϶˵Ҳ
ǻһƻûԷԴǰؿͻȻһҵʹ漴Ϳͷƣǵĺģ˳
ֹǣ
ⶫ֮ǰͼס޷ʹã֪ʱٴܵƣǰһٴ˶˵ĺģ
㡭
౻ֹ飬̸еȫˮȥһΣͬʱڵء
Ѫ磬ȻһѪͿԸȴҲҪʱѻĻۣǼܣֱӴݻǵҲʵҲȻˡ
ǺǰķܹƹǼܣôᡭ
еɢʲš
ͷų£ǺǰķⶫԿƹǼܲӷԸԹںϣջָ
ųǼٲܶôܵӹʵĿƣ
ǼеѾɾҵġղŹܵƣǵǳ֡
ǿվڴŴӹʵ
ǼǻᵮԼѱĨȥġ
ˣȻȴҲƲס
Ӱټҵˣλɱ֣Ͳ³ǻ٣ֹʵϣԶԷ
ղѯʳǻʣʵڸԷһѡĻᣬȻԷѡѡǾûʲôɿˡ
Һƴˡ
û뵽ôãǵûɱԷԷƣҧۡ
䣡
ӺֹǱĵɳȥƾӹٴ
ûԷǰӰͻأʧһռͨ
ӹʣɱ㣬еǻᣬơ
ԽԽСֱʧ
ΪҪ֣û뵽ؼʱ̣Ȼˡ
ҡȵҡ
ͬ˲ףǻǻҼҲһתҴԶȥ
뿪ӹɫٴһףҲվסһƨڵϡ
ղ͵ϮߵĹǼܣ˿Ҳʧȥͬһ̯࣬û֮ǰ͵̡
Ȼӹʸղ˵ͣʵϣȻ;ƿݣֻҪһԴһЩĿ϶
ӹʣһܣϡԲðɣ
ѻȸƬ̺ʥʥ˹
ߣǻڡ
Բã
ôʥǰӹף޷ߣ̾Ϣһįû뵽ҳӹһݺᣬջ
𣬾Ҫͷ

ʱ˹


1778 ӹʲ
λɷ˵һ䣿
ǰȭ
ǹʥ֮飬ʲôҲ廰һλʥߡ
ǰλЩͷˡ
˵츳ͻǣû˵֮Դߴ䣬޿ˡ
ǿʦµı˵Ĺؼ䵽֣֮ĽΣ˭Ҳ֪
£ȻƤɱĳӹס֣Ҳ˲ݣǳ

λʥŸսͿһâֱն弱æһˣɱˣֱ۵Ѫ
æȥ漴һһĹâ²Ϩ
ʸ𣿡
һȻ

һʥ͵ϮˣλʥĿҪը
ҪǺͳӹսأһոͻƵĹʥҲֱΣ
Ҫ˵ʲô
Ҳû뵽һ˼ˣΪһʸ񡱾ͻԼһλͬ飬ʥֹסŭĹʥü
ӹʣ

˵Ĺʥҧһ˦֪Щֱ꣬նɱ߼նɱǿߣܹж٣ΪʦȥΪǱ𣬾ȻҪ飬ź죬żҺʦõ磿
źҲü
ȻҲԼ󱲵ľٶЩ⡣
ӹλԽԽǿս֪ٳȻлնɱȻܷŹһΪȥ˱𣻶ҲһŻɽֲ֪жϡ
Լλһ壬ôؼʱ̷Ϳˣ
ҪżҺʦãҸ˵ľ޹أ˰֡
صĹؼӹϣϵԷѰҶԷֻ
ҪһҲˡ
鷢
˾һʥΪԼľӰ쵽ʥľߣ
һλʥЦƾһͻƵıδҲ̫Լ˰ɣ
ƾȻ
һһܣеٴγ֡
˻
ƿռʱ䣬һ˲䣬һ໹û뿪Ϲǰ

һŭȣϹը
䣬ӣȥ˵˰ʲô
ô˭˭ˣ
ƣֱһ˹ȥ
սԪʵֻ֮ǰİٷ֮ҲһոͻƵԱġ
âַͻȻеһ屻һɺ嫵Ϣ֡
˴ۣ
ͫһ
ϢȻû֮ǰɱ¾ζΪˣһ˲ףǵݺأͿʦսĺ档
λĵλͿʦĵλ£ѪżǿѹȸС
꣡
һĹϵĵâѾеһȱݴɫһףһѪ˳ȥݺˤڵϡ
֪ʵɷܸıǵľһˣɫȻ
ϹǹʥصѪĸ֣ոմﵽʥ˵˵ѹȣ֪ԷȱݺţټˣӦǰһ֮¾Ȼֱӳɹ
ʵѾʸߣ֪ɣ
ղĶ죬Ƿ˲ԾԳ֮⣬꣬ƣܻˣȻ˵ʸƽƽˡ
ǺͳʡǻϷӹʣ£Ҳ֪飬ղųҼˣǸս֮ˣָԼά갲ȣѶȼ󣡶ҡղӹûˣǻ᲻ǳ֣
˳Ĭ
˵ʵҪǸղųӹеƣɳնɱԷһпܻٻЭ飬Լ˳֡
һͼˣԼӹܾˣȻ˵
ֻҪЩһʦ½͵ûϣӰټҺʦܲйʥûʵѾԿλˡ
λʣһˣѣ˺Э飬ʲô֪ӦҲ㣬ǵǻɱӹʵʱԳû߽˵ģǲңơ
ղţĳֳɹˣûˣȷǺ¡ڣӹˣʻȥͨ£˵ǱǷԼҲΪҪɱԺڵţˣȻ壬ŭһ𡭡ЩҶ˵ҲӦװɣ

⡭ʥ˵
ȷӹҪֻҪԼãͻͬ飬ʱؽΣա


1779 ʦһ
˵ô죿
Ƭ̣ʥٴο
ܼ򵥣ӹʷǵҪָƣȻ󡭡صڱ𣡳ʡǻȻЩԷ꣬ô򵥾ͿԶԸġһսϢлɳˣ

ǵĶԻǴʥǰ˿ռ䣬ˣӹʲδ̸ݡ
ңӹһ֮䣬Ŀǰʹ޵ģ϶λζȥʱ֮ǩַԼһƿһ壬ǽ

źĿһ
ȻܺͳʵǩԼȻҲܺǰλǩ
ӹڵţҪӦЧ±ǰߺúܶࡣ
˵Ĳ˵ӹʵȷʱм㣬Ҫǰ˵֪
˼Ƭ̣Ҳ֪˵ʮȷʥҡҡͷһӹһָʵԶǣҪǿʦúӰټҳ˹شӪ޷赲ڶǶıñټϺս꣬壬ʦãָơ¿ԶʱڲһȻѣ
Ƕ˺أû㹻Ĺʥָ֮ȫӽޡٱ弸ˡ
ʵҲ֪ӹʣһݣŪãָ鷳
ûеڶ·ߡ
һǰʥ֮ʧʥֻ˯Ӳд
Ҳ˵ȺʥСź죬Ҳһٶˡû˵ĻѼΣڣòΣͻ᳹䡣
ڴûõȻʱ
λӹҪˣҲˣʣλߣʵǼıٲҲܿһĲ֪Ρ
ڳʥȫ
ˣû취¡
£û˹ʥ֮޷µĹʥᱻߺ
򵥡ҿԸһ޷ľ綾ԺΥԼʱߣȫûˣûйʥҲûôΣգοʦŸոͻƣ⣬οĻԵ£µĹʥ֣ȫϣùֵģ

ȻĴͼڣӵйʥ֮ҲޣߣĸԼͻƣδܹҲͲָˡ
ʲôԵѪǿ߶ã
ʥһ㶡
ѪǿߣÿһѪҺݻ꣬޳޹ٶ֡
ѵϻо綾ܶǿߣӰ죿
㲻ùܣҼȻ˵ȻУ
ЦЦ
ͨĶȷǿûãϸޱȣκһѪͬԷɢÿһѪҺأʤ
ʵָµĵѪԲηĳͷܹƻ϶ͬͷ۲ѣ
ֻҪˣͻԶơ
׼ˣ˿ʥٴο˹ѹȣ飬ǿ԰˵ĴӹҲʱ飬ǲҲø壬һ
ң
ɹ䣬޶ԣʹӶʧȥ£ڣҲڲסߵĳʵˣѾȥˡʦ壬㵱ԴʦãҲ֮
ʥ
Ĭ
֪صʵ
ͣˣš
䣬ǿʦµǿ˿ȴ˵õһû취ԭ¡
ϢһԤʦ壬࣬ٿĪ硣
ŮѡǱʲô
ʱץסԷˣΪβ
֮ǰ˶Ĺףһ°ܣܳΪ޷ء
ҡһʦһ
һĿᶨ
Ǿͺá
Ѿףʥ˵ͷٶ˵
ԷһмԳ֡
ϣʣµľͼˡ
ӿ볽ӹڣͬʱȡһЩҩæָơ
һʵ̫ˣѾ˵˸ͨҩѾû̫Чˡ
лүϧҲҪѩޣ
䲻֪˫˵Щʲô֪ǰλӹȭ
ʡǻʣǰ⣬û뵽ôĸͷ
ȻܻŻȥػǳԼŭ𣬸ʹĴۡ
ÿ
Ϊ壬Ǹ˽ҡҡͷ˹дѯʣͺˣʲôϵ


1780 ս
ǰλѪҺ߶˹ǼܣֻһֿܣǾͬͬԴӵͬѪ
ҵ游
ûӹʵ
游һ
ΪǶٴû뵽ϵô
ǻǰĳǿߣӹӣ֮š
ѹ֣عǳܽ
˵ˣүѾѼ游ມǣҺúϡȻˣֱۣ͸㣬䲻游ָ۷ʵָѪʵӦòˣ
ӹһ֮ǰڵϵֱ۷˹
л
ȷռ˵ĹǼܣȻԷͣҲûʲôɿġ
֮ɳһֱ۹ǼܾѾ鼮еĺ˳ںһ
㽫ˣ
ֱܵۺںϣûͻúԣɻ
֮ǰѰԼȻ͸үȻ桭ӹʵͷ
ǰλ츳ټϺĹϵҲҷ
ǿ󣬳ʡǻʽӴ٣ô֪ʮġ
Է˵Ҫͷţʦ½ܲסֱ飡
ǿ߿жϲˣԺĳɾôܵͣ
ˣܹùϵĻᣬ϶οԷով
ˣ
Էܵ˿
ûͻ˾ͲԣֻҪ㹻ͿԻָǿ
ָһ㣬һƿĹʥ֮Ѫ鼮һֹ̣Ǻͺ˵ںϣһǿ
úùΪ
һ֮ϣջͼݡ
ˣүǼ£游µģܹ͹ǼںϣȫѪ⣡ӹһָ
Ѫ⣿۾һ
֮еĺˣĿǰΪֹһŹǼܣҪѪ⣬նԷķʦ
㣬Ȼȥˣһֱǳ
û뵽£Ѫ⡣
ѹ֣޴ֱۣһ£ͣⶫȻĹЧ
һΣ¸ǰᴥȥ
Ҫʲôʵ
Ķ˵Ϲɫһ
δ䣬һâֱ˹
꣡꣡
϶ʱѪѪ硣
ź죬ôҲʲô裿
תͷȥϹҪץˡ
ֵ棬ź졣
Ȼ֮ǰжԹղŻսһԿӹʣôֱӶԼˣ
ûʲô֮ǰɱУȲѣź֣ڣǽ˽˶Թʱˡ
һźгϴһ䡣
֮ǰΪ˲ӰӰټҵļƻΣźͶԷ֣ڣӹʵϣҲʱ򣬽ǰĳˡ
ԹãѵΪ㣡Ϲվǰ˵ãˣԹ뿪
սߣӰټҺʦõʥ񣬲ߡ
ȻһҪ˽˶ԹպýҲһ
ɱ˳ӹʺὫһԣսʱЩڿҲˣȴλźˣս˭˭δ֪
ҴӦźͷһܣλҺϹ˽˶ԹұɱǼˣλΪұ𣬷뿪ǡ
ʥ
û뵽ʥһ㶣üҪȰ衣
Ѿ
ź˰֡
Ӱټҵļƻ֣ҲĪ裬ԣ죬ҪôԼҪôԷûеڶ·ߡ
ȥԣЩսɳȱǡ
ļ֣Ҳǽ
ְɣ
źüϻг꣬Ϲֶ
ߣ
ԷĹ֮£ȷ˲٣Ϲ˿һ˫צͻأ֡

˶սһ
ǶǵѪǿߣֶμ࣬һʱѷ֡
ʥղźͳӹսʱþȫƼأ²Ƕ֡
ʦһλʥ̲ס
Ϲ黫ޱȣڵĶԹʱ䣬ȴʥԼãȻҪҪæ
һλʥҲ¶֮ɫ
ս֣ʵϣΪʥ׿ʥԶǰսȥԽԽ֮ǡ
෴ϹҪĶ࣬һֱԻѰһᡣ
İɣʥģ
ʦЦЦ
䣿
˵λʥЩ⡣
ǵʵ㣬һոͻƵļһôȷ
ǵɻʦδ̧ͣͷµꡣ
λ꣬˺һƣ¼Ϲеȱݣ֪Щʥʤš


1781 ź
ʦµĲź֮ҪʱսϹĵ֪еȱݡ
ʱڱʵϺͶԷһһᣬȡһУնɱ
һϯϹצһΣϡ
ʱ򣡡
Էȱݣ˵һģһźҲͲסһڳ֮У˹ȥ
ˮؽ
˵żһλӱɱóˮˮΣץΪ˱𣬴׽ˮ֮УԷˮ֮ʱ̴ʺ
ź˿̽سͬ
ƣ
ϹȻûֳצڿвͣζֵŽ
ˣ
һ˳ͫԽԽ
˿ھ˥ߣδ֮ʱҲ꣡һ͹ᴩʺȵͣڵ
㡭㡭ô֪наٷ֮һͣ٣
۾ɵùԲϹţɱˣ
һ˲֪սٳԶԷֶκָƣһǱǿһЩҲǿޣʤѡ
ڡ
Ĺצʩչʮеʱаٷ֮һĺͣ٣ȱݣΪٶ̫죬һͬѣ֪飬ʣûв
ǰһε֪Ҹպץסʱ䣬һƿԼķ
ˣ
ûشԷź˿˫ü͵һ
¡
̺ըϹҲܲס嶸Ȼը
̣
ʱһ鼮˹ըѪ⣬ζһ£ɵĸɸɾ
̧ͷȥ漴֪ʱѾȭ˹ϲ棡
ܽնɱҪ㣡
һЦźľ֮£Ҳֲסˤڵء
ܽϹնɱҲ;ƿݣ׺ľ
桭
æǰӿȥȴ֣ǰλǿʥȻһҲ޷
ⲻܡ
һ»ˣæȡٱľżҩҪǮһԷС
ȫһöûУǵһ
λź죬żһλʥ棬Ƣԣʮϲǧ¡

ʥ˹źָϣƬ̣¶Ȼ֮ɫҡҡͷ췦ˡ
ôܣһȺУСôȴﵽ
š
λ棬׿Խ޵ʥ𣬺ųƵʱ츳ߵĳǿߣȻһ꣬ڳ˯ˣҲҪ˶á
ôܱû£ȳܲסˣ
ͳӹһսͽڵľѪʮ֮˾ţΪնɱϹǺޱҲûа취
Ȼ֪䣬ʥ¶į֮ɫ̲סҡҡͷ
ʥܹ֫Ѫɵֵסޡ
ǿʵҲֻܻһ࣬С񣬶㲻
ͺλź죬Ȼʥ֮бȽСÿսޱڵƻˡ
ҪǶʮǰѪҺ
ܹټôãսȻ
ʦ㲻ܸѪҺҵѪҺáæ
⸱飬Ҳεҡҡͷʦ֡ѪҺѾһΣ˵ôˡ
ɡ˵ЩʲôʦϣϲǹɣʥҲ޷⣬żҾŴʥݺأǿ󣬶ڣͬȫһλֻܺ˵ľ
˵
ñˣ
źָЩ񣬿⸱ӣ΢΢һЦдŴȰһֱҪ֣Ϊżֻʣһλʥһ嶼˥䡭ڣˣӵйʥĳ͸ֶΣɱңҲûʲôɵĵˣ
ҡ
ۿһ졣
޳֪ˣԴ֪֮޹ʥ֮Ҿ˯һ𡭡źѾˣӲдֻΪˣ壬ߵĸԶѡ
ź쿴˹ڣڿԷµӣģǽˣʲôĵģ㣬۷壬ͼ縺ػΡҸӼѣ
˵Щܵţ֪أźתͷܣһЦ
ˣλѣԸһ𲢼սź죬е͵иˡ
δ䣬۾Ȼš


1782 
ʥ
ǰʬ壬˵һء
ʦˣȫĬ
һսάһ֪꣬죬٣ɸеɡ
ǿʥӲʱķ򣡡
ҡҡͷʥ̾Ϣ
ʥǳԽôᱻʱƲãתͷ
ʥǳԽĴڣȻˣôᱻʱƲãԼ
ʥǳԽԽֻķź죬ĽԽĴڣϣ
ʥ
˼ǡֻҪķһֳԽ͵ڿ̤ʥס
ͻƹʥ˽ʥ˵ֻԷֻǴʥ֪ģǵ;˵ʥʵʵӰټҵ۷ǿߣ֪Ŀ϶׼ȷ
ķͻܳɾ͹ʥȻʥӵʥͷ
żҲóʱΪβʱ䷨ͻƣٴʵ
żѪ֮У̺ʱ䷨
Ȼˣʱƿϣͻ᲻ӳʱ
ʱ䷨򣬲ʦ½磬ڵĹսλڵĸλ棬ͬšֻһķҪԽʦûɣοˣ
ʥЦһ
ʱ䣬֮Уķг٣ռ䶼ˣɴڡ
ǿĶǱͿģ
ʦܹҲʧʷӣûټ
Ҳǣ
Ȼ
ѪǿԵʱ䣬ٶȷ仯ʱ䱾˵ûκα仯
ͺ۵ռ䣬õʱٺ粻ͬ
ʱ䷨̫ѣҪܹ򣬻ղžܾº桭
̾Ϣ˼ʱݣڳ˼ͻȻԺһ𶯣ͼǵһ㣬֮
ˡ
ͫһ;ǰһڣû̫ͣãͨڵϣֱӻ˹ȥ
ʦ֡
æǰ
Ӧܵĳˡ
һᣬʥҲü
ʥǿߣû͵ϮûйȻԼȥ׷ʲô£
ó꣬
ҵĹʥǰӣûڣ岻Ĳٺ˼ݷף
ôˣ
ӣˢˢ
һҡ޷̽飡
ҹʥȭͷ
ʲôܹ㶼棿ʥ⡣
óĹʥͬ£Ҫ̽飬ѵԷˣʲôֵܹˣ
ǡҹʥ彩Ӳ

ԭأٴο𾪵ȫ˵
һʥСȻ
ô£
ʦػʲô£ֱϵҺȥ¹ܵĿռ䣬ʧȥ˴ͿʦӡѹѾʱ˶޷뿪
һգǳѾʧʥɫ
ǣ
ʦ˵ͷ
š
ʥڶ˵ʣµǿߣת뿪
Ȼ˲٣ֽսô˵ⶼǿʦµż
ʦ֡㵽ôˣ
뿪ʦٴοԵ¶ŨŨĵǡ

֪˿̵ʶ屻
ء
ǰ·ٴγŮӰŨŨĵģء
ģû¡
æڡ
úչԼһҪ͸Ķϣһ̶ֿܷ
Ů
˵Ǹ׹һһֱšæͷ
ǰר͸һ׹˵ǵԷĸ״ģؼʱ̣ܹһ
ȻöԷЩĪһֱţܡ
ǾͺãˣͼڶĶ͸úãϣܹ
һֱţؽԽԽϡʱʧ
ͼݡ֪ͼݣ
һ
ͼݣܣ˭ûߣΪز֪飬û뵽Ȼ֪
ټ
һЦҲͣ¶ᣬʧ
Ҫߡ
һ͵ŷ֣ȻһΡ
ʦˡ
תͷ漴š֣վڲԶ¶ġ
ĸνʥȻҲڸǰ
뿪ˣ
һܵĻ̲סʵ


1783 Ծʦ
ŵ˺һΪûͨˣ˳ȥ䲻֪ȥ϶ûΣգҲûôȥܡ
֣û˵õĳּ
ͬʱ˵Ȼ뿪˿ĵط
ţǺʦһʦãʦѾˡ
ӱǰǵǡ
죿
һ£æͼݿȥȴ֣̣ȻرŻʱȥ
Ӧˡ
֮ǰйδýš
Եʱ֪ԭˣΪͼ˹ƺû꣬Ҳˡ
֪ʱãҲȥܣתͷˡ
ο֮УȫԵС
̾
ʱ֣ŵͬﵽ˴ʥླԲľ磬罭ƺʱͻơ
·Ҳһޱ޾ΪȻҲǰͬ
ӱҲﵽ硣
˰죬ԼʦģΪ͡
ٴ
תͷĸˣ۾ܿһ
öʹãľΪͻƹʥҪ룬û뵽λֲ֪ʲôԵľȻͻƣ
Ҳ˵ʥˡ
һ׺ϻһ£ͻƣ
һ£ָһ㣬һԺ
ɽ鼮ˡνʥĺϻٴ˸Ȼ볬Խһξ룬ȴѾ޿
ֻҪúضԽԽǿһգ̤Ǹ磬ݺ¡
֣ӱö취ﻹһľķһȥú
길ĸö˳ȥ
ľȻͻƹʥⶫҲûô˷ѣǾ취
ǿеһģӵмǿӱ취ĸǹնɱһλǿã䲻ǹȴҲǴʥ۷ıмİ
ģΪҲ޷ȡߣһ뿪ȫ˹սָ
·壬Ϊʦƫģǿľ˵Чڴһöӡⶫܹ̲֮꣬УԬȻһιʥ٣Ҫ˵˭ܵһͻ־磬»㣡
׻һ壬ݵĻӡԷ˹ȥ
ⶫ꣬Ϊ׻ʦ˵ѵı
Ҫ֪ٱ
ʯȻѾû˱Ҳںϣͬ
ڽ𣬴͸κ̡
ߴ͸ԬΡ

Уǹʥ֮Ҹղ۵ռطԷӡһЩֳɰ˷ݣһһݡ
ȫ꣬봺ͼ˶ʱ䣬ɫ׵˳ÿһ
ʦиһأŽ黭ǽ겻٣ڹ黭ʦ鼮ȫ꣬黭Ҳﵽ˲ڶԷĵزͼеĿռиһ£ѡ
ЩԼ㲻ߣҲлͻơ
ǲʲô£
ӽڿõıȫֳˣνʥ̲סǵǡ
ôоһ
żңȻû棬ʦȴѾų˭Ϊǣԡ
ټϣӵıҲͻ˹ʥ磬ԬʵҲʱżңʵϱź컹ڵʱ򣬸ǿ
˵ΪߣǲҪ˯ɻĹʥи
żҹοżӮңȫΪͻƣʲô£ôѱָˣ
ûʲôЦЦվĸףʦ죬ң
ʦõ˵ѹȥ˽ʥ
ţǶȡͻƹʥҹȥһˡ
˰֣߳䡣
ʦҺһ𡭡
Ҳʦ̬ԣ̲ס˹
˭ҲҪһ䣺ң۷ʲô£ʦõĹ涨ǧ£
ʲô£
֪ô£ֻɺת뿪
ػߴʱǶѰԼĻԵȫ緢£֪Ĳࡣ
֣׷ʲôһ쳹ƺ½
ż峤ߴ䣬֮ʧȴҲ壬ԾʦãԴΪѵμʦΣҪһʧǧźޡ
ʦ

˲֪ô£ҲͲס͵س˳ȥ


ʮľ ֮


1784 ¥ҹ
ʦ½˷ѩƮɡ
һƾɵ¥·Ŀˡ
ؿ֮УؿߵڵأƽʱԴģ֮󣬳˽ͨҪÿնǿǰ
ؿȻѪбңɱ¾֮ŨȴҲʦ½޷ֲЩҩûΪϣ쳣
֮ǰսңʦû˸ҽѰңټʦ÷ܣͨ˽ȻҲûʲô̻
ʱ˳ˣΪ̼֣ѾУЩƷԽ࣬һȷң˸ǰ̽Ѱǿߡ
ʱ¥ŵЩЩҪѰһԵߡ
ķѩԽԽˣÿʱ򣬱ѩؿ߶ԶգҲȥֻȴ磡
ǰѩؿߣλѩɽߣѩƮ֮ʱһΪ̣֮ȷû취룡
Ȼ߲ˣ£ʲôʵ飬˵Ҳÿۣ
֣մʦܲǱ߹ʲôϢ
ƺ֣ˢˢĿ⼯мŵһϡ
һʦۣؿ߿ҫ۶ĿȻһλʦΪﵽʥأԪ۷壬֮УϿǰ
Ŀ⼯жλ֣ͣһ£һܣʵǿ֪磬ŵʦ˭
ŵʦӦǷɣ˵ʦʥΪҲֱѴﵽĵز
ҾīҼһ棬ʲô򼫿죬һѧ;ǻ۷ͬѰ
ΪǽƯ˵칤ְҵǴﵽ
˵ǡ
۷׷ס
ÿ˶Լݵż񣬶ӵĳݺ
˵ÿһ֣쳹½Ϊ˾
ѵˡ
ͻȻ䣬һȺ

֣ղ۵ȫĬ
ȷŵʦҲֻпʦ֮⣬񣬶ߴ䣬崦ڱһͲʦ
ʦ֮Уİ࣡
ô˵ǹᣬǱƭˣ֮ǰ֪Էݣ
ΪʦߣС£㲻֪ݣ֪ҲӦø۶壬ûֹûнأƾ㣬˵Ǹϸʦ
ˣҲգ

֣۵ĸˡ

ԽԽͻȻһЦ¥ͣζƺʱᵹ
ʮ㣬ͣ˽סˢˢ˹ȥ
漴Ц֮Уʵǿλʦ֣
ʱ֣дû˸ղŵЦ⣬վˣ˵ʦʦ˭ǵ˵
ԼöԲ壬ɱʦǰѵΪ䲻ʦƺţ
һλϴ̵˺ߵ
ԾʦãѾȥʮˣϢѴ½
䣿
۾𣺡㣬֪ڿɽѩؿߣΪʲô
Ϊ˱𣿡
˵
Ҳͬʱͷ
˱ǲе룬Ȼȥһһ˭ҲǳԱ˳ŵģȥѰ
˱Ǻǣ
Цѩؿߣ˱ûǧΣҲд󼸰ٴΣΪδûͨ˽ӽ
⡭
˵
˫սʹԱǳĹؼҲʦȴδͨ˽Ѳɣ滹ʲôͬ壿
֣ô£
һҲ̲סʵ
һǰҸպ÷ȥʦܲ£Ϣֵ֮Уǳˣʮı׼
ʮı
զࡣ
˵ǿᣬôһпƻʦ½пزס
԰Ȼôôûһ㶯
ٴˢˢ
ֳô󶯾ȴû˵ô£
ڿʦܲʹ֮飬޹أĵʵࡣ
ȻûΪһλʦǹƥʮıʿ֮Уȫնɱ
¶֮ɫƻıƵʱٹ޸˷ӡõؿ߱ǿ̽Ĵڣ޵
һˣɱʮˣ
˵ЩˣΪͣﵽʥء
ô֣˵˭
ҲͲסٴο˹
˵Ǹʦˡ
ȭͷ


1785 ʦ


˵һ촽£š
ڿ飬˿⴫죬ʦ½˱㶼֪ˡ
˶ʹޣΪһʦûоκлɳˡ
ˣʦʱ˾ôùƽǿĵġ
ֻǡζû뵽ڵĴ̫ƽ˰ҵȥؿ̽գλĹס
Ϊ壬ȫȴƵɱ
ʱ飬ضʮ־ɣ
ʦɱѧʦܲоʦŹһ飬ȴûһ˸һ֣֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ֿ
ҡͷ
ΪǶ֪ûʦûڵİȾ棬ûʦ½ڵķٸǿȭͷ
ǡЩף
һλҲ̲סȻʦã֪ĹףֻҪϸͣᣬΪηǱƵɱ
Ҳˢˢ
ô󣬽ͳȥͨ¼ɣιʷҪ˱
µĲӦˣƲ˵ʱǻʺͳʣҲڿˡӦǽϢй¶ġ
ҡҡͷϢԶﴫĶ˲ʦȫܲ˽Ȼʦѫ󣬿ɡȥҲʵȴΪʦҪʦĴ٣ɥʧģԾһ
⡭ʦҲ
еţ־񡭡
ɱ˽˾ûɺͽڣйĶˣʦãҲ˴Ϣʱ䣬ϣҳڴ½ļϸ˵ãչѸ٣ֻǡʵ̫ˣ̫ƽˣ
ǰǷһ

ŻȻ
ԣʦʦԣ˾Ըߵı׼ҪԴһһºϸ΢覴ãᱻ޷Ŵ
⻹ʦʦǲǸˣ
ˣôʸʦ
ⲻ֪ʦҲˣҲһֱԣһֱ¡
ʦ˿Էı׼ȴָǴʲô
һˣ£һ£ܶ˾ͻ˵ԳˣԾͺܻһˣż˼£ͻ˵Բ
ʦٵ
̸ѣɶԷߴ䡭һȥ˵Ϊ۵ڸҲϴѲ
УŮͻȻˣǸ߸ϵܲס
Ҳʦɱԭ
ɲô˵λҫ۵ţˡ
ǰʦȻᣬȴʦĹףΪżԸԴ¼ã
ֵ˵ͷǼᶨ
֮ǰ֪Ϊ壬˿̼Ȼ֪ȻҲ˺£ϻ۵㣡
һ

¥ȫɫᶨ
ȻǺˣǾ;ܣҪܵ裡

ʦܲ
ʦҲףʦΪʲôҪôҽͶȥ
Զվʦǰǲ⡣
벻ס
;ͿԽ飬󣬷Ҫֵɱĵز
Һˡνʥѯʹ£Ǹңʦ֣ɽʥѪҺʦ
ʥѪҺ
ԷûشĻ˵Զһɻ
ʥǵѪǿߣʦ
ѪѪҺѵѵ
ͫһԶʲôһ
ʦҲͣʦԾʦãһֽĿģھʲôҲѧǳʵ벻ˡ
˵ʦû
Զȭͷ
ΪԷȥѹ˺þãȻ˵ѪĹʥ֮Ѫ¶ûôˡ
£⴫
ʦ
ģ
Զæͷ
ţ
ʦ˵ͷڶ˵Զߺһתһ۵ռ䡣
ռʱٺԲͬӻƺʮ죬Źһ졣
ˡ
һλʦùʥӳ˯ѣվ
漴мλʥ˹
ǿսУʣµļʥȻҲС
ϴ˵Ҫǣ׺£
ʥ˹
ʦ˵Щ鲻ϸ˵ԻܣѾϸˡ
ǣʦݣ
ʦһ񣬻̧ͷ
ݣ
ͬʱüЩɻ
ʦ𣿻ʲôݣ
ʦ˵ͷʵʦһλʦ


1786 ӹȥؿ
ʦ
ʥȫеɣǲ˼飺˵ǡʦʦ
ǲţԿʦѾûϲϿɵʦˣλȻǣ
ǰ
ʦͷضϿɵʦ

ʥ˶£˵
ųһλʦҪԣȴ̫ˣȻǱƵɱ
ѡԸԼ
һˣʮһǿߣڵѧÿһôǿ󡭡Ӧ뵽ġͨһ£ڵϣʥ۾ֱģҲ˵
֪ʦʦһڡ˵ʲôˡ
ҿûֻǣȥ
Ҳ֪λźѪҺûôףʥɻĿ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷʦǵǡ
ʦɱȥˣȴ֣ʬ塱ƾʧˣҲټ
嵽ʲôطȻһš
ץʱȥҰɣʦ£ʱй¶ǡﵽ˹ʥ𣡡
ͣһ£ʥ
˹ʥ𣬲ԱȻ֪Իõ亣֡
ɹʥɱǺпܵġ
ţʦͷ
֪ȻҲὫϢˡ
ֻҪﵽʥʦ˵һᣬ塭һλʦ
ΪʡǻʵĿڶĳɼܴ󣬿һݣЩɢް۵㡣
춼Ͽɵʦ˭˵ʦ
Ҳֻˡ
ʦ̾Ϣ

¥ڵˣߣȫԸԺΪ˵ȴûע⣬ڰĵطӰбڶǽĽ
Ǹ꣬һλͯӡ
ͯɫЩףƺ˺صơ
˵ĶԻڶУ΢Цҡҡͷ˲ͣתͷԱߵͯӣŹġ
ô
үģʱˣͯҡҡͷĿһӦÿԼֵҵͽ
λͯӣأҲǳӹʡ
ǻʡƣʥ˴սһټϱһ͵ϮҲʹﵽ;ƿݵĵز
ҪһҪгˣ϶ͼֲסˡ
ţǾͺãԼ֣˵ͷ
үأ
ӹҲЩĵĿΪûﵽѪǿƻ壬Ȼǣȴ⵽ƻʱԻָ
еүȻ
ѪǿߣնɱҪһʱָܻԷŽ񾳣ǿܵ˸
ʮ죬ʮڿʥһضǶ֣ѾҪָˣֻҪ׻ָʵͻס
Ц
Ҳû뵽Ѫĺ֢ô
ӵֻҪãָʵ򵥡
ӹʲٶ˵˵ͷ
ǰλնɱʮһʿǳǻʺͳʵĲ𣬺û̫ϵټϣԷСˣľˣȴû̫Թޡ
ɸԸӷԸ
ȷĶ̳Թͨ񣿡
ͣһ£
Ծʦãǲʲô飬ûв˳һ£صټ
ԣıòŸջָһЩóӹʴ·
ţҾͨģ
ӹʵͷ
ѾصԼ磬Ҫֻͨͨļ룬Ҫļ̳Ĳ跽ص壬ʵ֡
Ǿͺá
˿
صʲôطȻȥ
ȻˣҲͳ˱ȻҪȥĵط
үִ͵ļ룬ܶϣҪʥھ³ʡǻѾҵѶҲ޵
ӹ¶ǡ
ȫʢڣȻηκڡ
һΧֻ·һ
һһɣҡҡͷ
ôûãֻһһʱӦ䡣
Զ˵αװֻҪ¶ݣҲѣ
λѩͣˣھͽѩؿߣλкһԪ۷ʵ󣬿Ա֤ȫ
죬Ⱥеλ֡ٴվһȦ
֮УʵǿѩؿûвԪ۷壬ȷԱܶ˰ȫˡ
濴ȥķѩȻѾͣˣ͸ƾɵ¥ӿ·졣
Ը⣡
ҲԸ⡭
ʮͬʱվ۾Ź⡣
ŶԷһ̽գȫб֤
ҲԸ⡭
Ҳվ


1787 Ҷ
ǣ
ü
ڵĵؿߣû˵ľӣɻв˴УȻ̽գ϶Σգ̫ʵͬкܴӰ졣
ǰλͯӲ˵ݲҰףһ֪ˣҲģʵʥûﵽ˴ϣ׸
֪ΪҪؿߣһǷȰһ䣬òҪЦ
ͣһ£Ȱ
ʦĺ⣬ˣҶбȥؿߵĿģֻȥɣΣգԼеλ
Цһ
һţԲǿߣȻһʥصļһˡ붼
Ǿͺã
ٲ˵
Լ˵ˣԷҪ֣ҪΣգҲܹԼԹۡ
Ͼ˭ûо˵
֪
϶ûԹ֪ʲôΣգ
ˣҪȥȫ¶˲м
ʵʥûУжΣգߵûУʲô
ٶ˵߳ƾ¥ǰĽȥ˼λսʦ֣סȥ·
ʦҵͨкǰ
һλսʦӹͨкϸһŵ˵ͷȥɣֻʱ䣬
ģ
ЦЦˣ˽ȥ
Ȼؿ߿ţͨʦ߽룬Ҫǰ׼ͨкȻΪʥûﵽģͽУԿơ
ؿߵھͷӡڽڣһᣬ˳롣
֮ǰһѪ¸߹ң磬ɱ¾֮
λһνҪһʱ䣬Ȼױɱ¾֮뾫γħ
һյأδǰǽ
ɱ¾֮ʮֿ£ľߣױϮɲɻָˡ
Щ˵һνΪҲҪһʱ䣬ܼ롣
ǡ
ҪԭϢأ
Ȼ˵ˣΪûָģû̶ֳָȵɱ¾֮ʲôûҪﵢʱ䡣
żڵ״̬żȥҲûκΰ취磬߱߻ָʵﻹ㰲ȫ
λӹСѪµĻУָʦ½Ҫöࡣ
أ˵ͷ
״̬żȥŪûԷ壬ԶԷڰһһ
޻Ӧɱ¾֮۵ռ䣬дıȡĵĹѨڣ
ѪǿԱ֤˲նɱһΣͻĺܴˣźʵܼǿͬ䡣
ԾʦãһиҲ֪Ľ壬ڱ֣ӱ¡

ӿڣԽԽۻ룬ʵҲٻָ
ܿ쵽ʥ򾳽磬һءء
ʱͻָҡ
ɳɳɳ
Ŭָһ쳹ڶУ漴۾Զȥ
أҲüͷ
ʲô
Ļ˽Ĳֻ࣬ôѯʡ
ǷҶǣѪµǿӵʥسϾʵʮײУ
أ
Ҷǣ
ͷ
ڵĹսȻӣȴҲӵ޺ֲνķҶǣδóӹ˵ײУӦò򵥡
Сģʲôˡ
ߴǱߵƺҲˣһæվ

սͼߡͷǣѾܣΧС
ЩǣͨɫֻжͷϣһëͬҶ
࣬ȴһ͵Ϣȫŵɫס
õֿԹǵʳԸһʹ죡
һȣ漴Ⱥ棬һͷѩ׵˳˫۷졣
Ͼʵ
ͫһ彩ֱ
Ҳһɫס
û뵽ô
ţҵʵҩıת뿪׬һʣζûϵŸսɱ¾֮ûӦôǿʥޣ
ɱ¾֮ѬµķҶǣͱͬʦײУֳ
ѵŸҪڴˣ
׼öս
һ۾һһģȻ𣬵˹ȥ
ڻΨһᣬ취ɱһһҶҲͲΪ塣
أ
࣬һ־ͶԼЦ¶ŨŨ֮ɫצǰһġ

ɱ¾֮ӿһ͵Ѫ֮ϯûӦ͵˳ȥˤڵϡ
۷ʦȻһ֮У


1788 һ
ȫɪɪһɫ
һֱ˵ؿ߱رֻҪ룬̫ܴ׬׬õ㹻Դô벻ʱôȺ֮ǿʦһܡ
Ƕ֣Լ˸Σ
һ֣ȻҪˡ
һλҧȡһ˳ìӿ룬ì£糤ߡ
ΪֻʥԪ񾳳ڣȴʩչâƽʱȻܻȲʣ˾̾ѣڣȺǵУͯһЦ

һͷҶǶˣҪ֣ͨĻǣһҧͽìâûͬʱצһ˦Ѫ磬λߵؿھͳһ޴Ŀӡ
޹
ˣԱһλ˰ͲסȥҲ˹ȥҲأҵȫˢˢϣһʩչǿС
أ
𣬳ȥˣԸٶȵɶһڵϣҳѪ
ʵֶ̫ѪµĻϤſʼѾ
Լˣ˲һ¶˾
֪һ˹ˣĿСһЩҲӦ䣬ֱ뿪
ںˣ¶ҪڴˣߵĿܡ
ţЩȺζԸԼ۾һƳ֮£漴֮ǰԸˣԭأһδ
δȺһ㡣
ǡ
뷢ŭ漴̾ϢһˣʵҲá
һģһʥܶûﵽλ۷ʦⲻסķҶȺǶ֣кã
ʦ˴󲹣ңǴ
Ѿû˷֮ߣǰ
۶廹ʥޣʦھǴ󲹡
û뵽Ȼ
ԽԽ֪ڽӣ¶һ˿
Ϊؿߣƾ۷ʦݣԴΪζ벻ûü֣Ѿ׽
ţٴӿһҪǰͬھͻȻһζһƵӵ·֪Ӻζ죬ÿ˵ꡣ

¡
䣬ƺ쫷ϯҶǣͬʱúëը鲻Խĺ˼ʮ޴岻ͣһѪ
һͺȣȻͬʱˣ
дž֣æܿȥ
Ѫ£ܿտûаӰ΢紵һ˿⡣
ղǸȻͳȴһִ֮УƺҶЩද֣ᱻֱնɱѾȡ
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֪λ֣֪ʱ֣ͣ£ûҶ֣βһУתӡ
ʦѣҲԼСֵǮ
лǰ֮
Ⱥ뿪˶һۣԴ¶˽ٺı飬ˢˢڵء
䲻֪λǰںδܹ洫ӦÿԿǵĶǵĸм
м˰죬û˳֣ͺղλǰһ㡣
ʦô죿
û˻Ӧղŵλ޹˹
£ǿԴĦģȻǣץ뿪ɡ
˼һ£
רŸмԷû֣˵Ը¶棬ǿҲûκô
ţ
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СʱΣգͬʱ˿
֪һҩģǿȥõͻأȻͰһ˼һ£ʦ
ѾˣܲΪηΣվ
Ҫֱ뿪ʲôòͱʿĲսһľԺҲкܴӰ졣
˵˵ͷ
ڳǰ˵䣡
һλ˳
ˢˢ
ղΣգλһ˿׶ûУȥҩģҽ飬ٲǣ
ߣָأ
һȺʱڵװһսûСҪȥҩģȻţƤ治һĺ
ܴǣ
ʲôöûУҲ׸
мͬʱͷ
ðյģԽǿԽãˣɶˣҪں棬ѵҪŵõҩĺ󣬷ָһ֣
˵Ļüͷ壬ˣǿл˵
ǲ˸ղȺʱı֣ʵ̫ˡ
޻˵
أ˵ڣ˰֡
ǻ
ղŵȡ
λౣء
ϲҡҡͷ˱ȭ뿪͸еһǿϢ͵ѹȶſһͷ޴ͺգ䡣


1789 ͼ
ͷҶһͷʥصʥޣ˫ĿѪ죬֮ɫȫëӲϣͬһƷʥͨ˵ɱƳ
ѪĿͺգ
Ҫˡ
û뵽ŸΧ£ûΪأһݲҰס
ѪĿͺգȷҶҪ󣬵ʵǿɱ˵ʱ򣬲ֱնɱŰɱ
Ҳ˵ܹһ»ɱȴҪһˣʧѪ쳣ײС
ˣټܹУȥ磬ԸʮͷҲԸһͷļһ
Χ£ãѣһǰ˵ߣ뿪һѣ
ƴɣ
ȭͷҧ
ǳʦ˽оգض飬ζ벻ŽһʱѾǿʥˡ
ţ
ٴˢˢȡԴ
ѪĿͺƺ˵Ľţʺ۾У¶һ˿޴ĳ͵һȣ·̾˿磬ʯͷ̱ϯڵһ㣬˹

ʯͷײ£ȫеڷ飬еĳʱֶɡ
˼Ǿ
ȳ򣬾ôԿ⣬Ҫǿ϶Ƕ֣ɡ
ڽˡ
Ȼ
ǰһΣǰΣ϶ûôõˣԷܲеģһֱԼɡ
ԱҲöԷ衭
֪ѪĿͺգϲ˳ʹһԱϣ漴֮ǰһֱһȺ˳
ײеͺգˣһŭ붯֣߳ȥ꣬ӰһΣǰһϡ
أ
ͺԴڵϣڵ滮һĹ֡
ž
ϣһȭߡ
Ƭ̺ͺٴվѪ۾УѾû׺ݣ
ԸҶʱΪŻָʥأδǶֻ֣ܿߣһṦȻָʥأٳ֣Ȼʮס
߰ɣ
һٶ˵λͯͬʱޱϣתˣǻ£ʹ˸ǣԵټ
ѪĿͺճ趯գ۹ʧߣʧȥټ

ôǿ
ղһҪߡ
˺ɣһǴ͡
֮ǰһֱˣϺȵģζû뵽Ȼǿʵ
ʥصʥޣһ٣ֱѱֱš
ղŸġӦǣ
ͻȻڡ
˵
ʵһ֣Ǿˡ
ֻ˭
һȻ֪ôҪ˼뿪ֱ塣
һ˲䣬Ǻڡ

ָӷҼ
ȥе뷨ϥޱϣԸһ䡣
֮Ȼǻָʵ
أ˵ͷԦͺ׼򣬿ٷС
ʮ
ͺ̱ڵ棬ѱһͷʥصʥޣǰ
ֹ죬ѱһͷʥؼʥޡ
ڳ׻ָˡ
󣬸ܵȵ˿
ʱԾʦãѾȥһˣά֣ٴλָ۷壬ǿ
ͼڻûп׷ʲô
һʶͼݸǰŻɽգüͷ̲ס
ͼǰҲͽˣһˣȻ޷˰˼⡣
ȲˣպͼݽգûʥأѪ
оһᣬ㲻׵ô£ȥ룬Ŀһ
֮ǰ㹻ˣֻͼΪѪ磬Żرգպÿԡ
۾һȡһιʥ֮Ѫ
ڵĻʵ̫ˣͨҩʵЧѾԣҲֻⶫٽ
ȡģֻǹʥһѪѪҺָһ㣬ѪȫѨӿڣתɾһûɡ
¡
Բ̷ۻ߾
ʥȻûжӦĹɽѧ⣬裬Ѫ磬˲֪ٴΣᳵ·Ĳ
һˮɣʮӣ͸еͬըһ㣬ٴţȻ˽ﵽѪľ硣
־磬ƺΧУڤڤ֮еҲ֪
֪ϸͼݵķɣҹֳԣٴȡһιʥ֮Ѫ̷
Ѫڣ
Ѫڣ
Ѫڣ

ʱ󣬾ʹﵽѪԲ
һ£ܾ죬ʥزླ
۾Ź⣬ȡʥ֮ѪͻȻеԺһζ֮ǰյͼݣһ϶
رһµͼݣȻͻƵѪԲϣ


1790 䣿
֨ѽѽ
ʱƣŻѿķ϶ԽԽһæ˽ȥ
άһµ뿴׷ʲôı仯
ģܺ鼮գһۿͷ
յõͼݵʱֻЩõ鱾ڣȻʵĿ֪١
һ·һʱ䣬飬ԳƵϴ½һˣܳˡ
ɽ֮Уʱ䲻鼮ȴ˹֪ʶͱǨľǻۣ˴ȵ
ţһ¥ݡ
ͼȥǰ˲Զ¶ɻ
֮ǰͼݣȻʣȴֻһ㣬ڣȻ¥ݣѲɣ滹У
¥̤ȥһ鲻ԽĴ˸򣬲ˤ
Ǽٵģ
ɫѿ
ǰֵ⸱¥ݣȻ֮ǰ鼮һõģ˵ȥ
֮ǰûУȴһõ¥ݣʲô
ѵ֮ǰ鼮һҪ¥ݣܲ
Ʋ⡣
յõͼݣ鼮üץţǺ˲֪飬Ųò¥Ҳͬɣ
ֻǡо飬¥ô
ˡ
˰Ҳ֪ô죬ҡҡͷǰȥƬ̺ٴͣ
һ¥ݣƺڲṹҲ˱仯֪ʱͼһķ䡣
濴һ޴鼮
ң
ٴ¶ɻ
ͼݣпĵط֮ǰûУҲû룬Ѳɣڣ
᲻ȥ飬һЩ
˽ȥ
Ż¥ݲһܹƿһУɫ̱ˡ
ʱ٣羹Ȼͬ
ʱ䷨⣬׸ʱ٣ȫͬ
ǡһʮ
ȭͷ
һʮʱ٣Ҳ˵ʮ죬Źȥһ죡
ֻʶĥ似û̫İ
˷ܹҲȱ㡣
ͼֻУżҵѪЩƣസ񣬺Ͷ似⣬Ϊʵû̫ġ
Ͳӣʮʣ˵ЧҲ
һʱһ𣬺ʮһܴ
òƣĲʲô
Ͼһʱʱ䣬ǲ̫˷ѵġ
ҡҡͷʮּߣͻȻһеڵȻʼת
ԡҿԵڵʱٽҲ˵Ȼ޷룬ȴͬӵʮٶȡ
۾Ź⣬Ǽ
Ϊⶫֻӻû뵽ǿ
Ծʦãָʵһµʱ䣬ⶫͿԳ׻ָ
ͨĶָϱۣһָܻ
Ļٶȼӿ죬ָٶҲӣٲˡ
ӵ϶һ˵ָʵ̫ˡ
ͺΣһµʱ䣬Ҫ˳ûɱδܹ⡣
ڣ䣬׽
ʮʱ䣬ʱ䣬ߵķǰ
ˣ˼άһ֮С
΢΢һЦ
ڷֻһᣬ͸оƺˣӿԺ˼άˬͨ
ԭعһΪеѪ׹̣ʱͻƵླ
ѹʱ䳤ȷĶࡣ
¥ݻ䣬൱ͼУµԪء
߳䣬ع鱾壬ͻȻԭء
Ǹ鼮ܸʱ䣬òǡɣ
䱻Է뿪˻ԣͼݿʼ
䣬ӵиʱʦ½۷ʦ˶֪ͼͻȻҲ鲻Լ¶ɡ
æǰķ俴ȥ
鼮һģһղûע⣬˿ϸоȻ͵Ĵ䣬ʮơ
ûӴֵʱȴרſһۣĸо޶£ֻһ㣬ûôŨϢˡ
ѵ䣬ͼ
ȭͷǲ˼顣
֪ͼݴڣ֪ģѾ𾪵ԸˣѲɡܽУ߳ڣγһ䣿
ļٵģ
Ҫˣʲôˣ
ֺͼݣʲôĹϵ
һ˲䣬ǻ㱣˶ˡ
С鷳ƱģͶģллˣ


1791 ټ
㱣ظռĳ
һۼȻĶʶһ㣬УӶ޷԰Ρ
ȻɽʩչͼҪ̽飬һã˻ԡ
ںԶʦѧԺٴʹͼݣͬԣͼҲν
Σ֪Էͼ̽飬Ϊʣǲȥʹá
֮ǰȥЩʱͻȻоûô򵥣
ʵߣ̽Բ鿴Ϊƫƫزⲻܿԣͼ
иС
뿪ʱץסƣеһӿڣʱû⣬ѵʱѾ䣬ҵԺ
һ뷨ð˳
ǰ˺ѿռʧʱΪ˾ȶԷ˹ȥҪץסȴûԷʧ󣬶ͼݶԡ
òǸʱ򣬶Է䣬ͼݵİɣ
ʦ½Ϊ˴䣬ΪλὫⶫ͸ң
ԷݣѾȷɣĿģΪ˴ʥȻˡΪֻὫԼͼڣ
ңӣǱˡģ
顣
֮ǰԷһֱ˵ݣ˵ΪãЩߺ޵ģڣȴöԷûѡ
ǣͼݣǣ䡭൱ǣνй¶ȷԼĿԡ
ҵ
Щɻȫĵף³һ
Ҫ֪𰸣ֻҵԷʵʵ̫ˡ
ҶԷҪɾ͹ʥӵյУֻܴʦ½Զ޷뿪
صľת𽥻ָǡ
ľﵽʥ𺳵ϢҲ䶯ˡ
ү쵽ˣǲֱӷɹȥȻƲ£ױ֣
ϣأתͷ
ţӦһ
ڳǴʥʥޣǿߣֱӷǱȻע⣬ͽ¡
ƾϵαװӦò鷳
ַ˲ʱ䣬ȻǴǰʥıò˿Ųǰȥ
أˣһȭҿ
һᣬͻȻʲô
һȭ
һ£أûԥһȭ
ˣ޷ʩչȫˣǰĿɷըһڵѺۡ
ռ仯۾𾪡
öԷȭȻǿѨ磬һ£ͼݽЧʱһȻ˱仯
֮ǰҪʥȱݣҪӴԷľѪƾʩչ似޷̽ģڡԷһȭ֮£Ժ̶鼮ϸλӹʴ˿̵ȱ㣬һЩ򵥵ȱ㣬н
ǰͼݲܹ۲ʥûнڳ֣Чδ̫˰ɣ
ʥ̽顭Ҳ˵ԺʥǰҲûܣʲôηģ
ɫ죬Ǽ
ΪԺжһʮʱķ䣬͹죬ӵо޴ôˣû뵽˱仯
ȱ˽ֶΣΪȲϹʥһúˣҲܽء
ү
֣أɻĿ
ûʲô
ͼݵ飬ܶ˵ҡҡͷڳڵľƲǸô죿ֱӽȥ˴ǣ𣿡
ǰλǸͯӣʵȴĳӹʣ۲ΰԣ˲֪꣬һ϶˼ƽϡ
үǰʱʦ½ߣһˣԺ츳ѣǶĲ֮ǰѾϵԷԵƬ̣Ӧúܿͳ֪ͨڵʱ취Բߡ
أ
Ҳãͷ
ȻǴˣӦÿš
֪ٶ࣬Ҳãֻ֪ȷϢԵķ
ǰһᣬԼĵط˲ǰ˴ŰʱȻһߴˣӳ˳
ͷˣڣǰ̹ڵء
£
ţ
أ˵ͷһܷû˲ɣ
Ķû˲
˱ȭ
ǾͺãҸһ£λҵүԺʲô⣬һҪķԸ
û٣أ˿һָ͵
ǣóӹʣһˣȻСүһ£æǰ̲꣬סһ㶡
ȻԷòδϵʺϢȴһʶ֮С
֣һȵĴô⣿


1792 
ͷһ鲻ԽĲһ£æ̧ͷ
ǡʦ
̫Ϥˣҹ֣һ֪˭
ңôˣֵ
ɻ
ǰλˣαװȻܺãɱ¾֮ҲͳŨʵϣۣ֮һ۾Ϳ˳ǸԴ۹ѧ
Ϊѧ̫㣬ܲסѹԼš֣ɱԭսʦʦõˣȥѰңûκϢ
ζû뵽ȻأΪѧ壡
»ͷٺʦϸ̸ӹʲ֪ҵʵݡʦΪܣﴫ
ţͷ
ǰĳҲܿԸղֻǴδڡ
ʶ
˴ٶȺܿ죬ɱأһЩߣ¶ɻ
ûУֻǾѧ츳ѯһЩϵ⡭һЦ
ϵ⣿أһ£Ը˵Ҳ׷ʣ̲סʵڳڵôˣ
ĵľ
ʺǻһǰصڣƣѱնɱҲˣڡµľӣգǿĽ٣ϣȥҲ޷ˣ

û뵽λߣȻͲ²һ·ȫնϣأɫࡣ
ЩµĽ٣ںδ
Щ˶ǿߣܹҵзתĻᡣ
ǱӺһڣ⵽˶֣ȫˣ

⵽֣أһΡ
֪ʺû뵽ôݣ
նݳһᶼԼ
Ƕڵ״Σƽؿڵŭأʵ
⵽Լ͵ϮȫˣȻûԼôأ϶Ҳ˸ûô׻ָ
ֻҪˣлᡣ
˵ˣﵽ־磬ʵؼģνľӡȨȫʲô
ֻҪܽͽɱȻԼع飬Щ£¹Թ
ǵ߻ܡҡͷ
أδֻ֣ܣ׾ٱ֪ҲƵԼǱɥˡ
Ĺʥж٣Ӧ֪ɣ
ʡǻɱԼ飬Ϊ˷ֹԼûȻһʥ

Ҵ̽ϢåȰλү׹ǵӪָӡ
ŵ
åߣأһ˦ֱۡ
£ʮλ۷ߣЩǿģÿһﵽ˹ʥǿﵽصѪ
ΪǷͨû뵽Ȼͳʡǻʵ˹һ
˴߼ߣ൱ʮʥĪȻʵ̫Σա
æ
ʮʥǳӹȫʢʱڣôڡҪȥһǺߡ
֪أüͷɸ
λ뱨ģɶԷۼôʥڵȥ뻢ڣɡ
ҪȥһԪɽ
ĬƬ̣أ
Ԫɽɻ
ˣ취ȨΪҪȥֵط
Ԫɽһյأ㳽ӹȫʢʱڣԸУ˿ȴȥ˲⡣
ǵģԪɽյز٣ȴҲʥڣڣֻܿ᲻ְˡʵȫʢڣ٣ֵĻлʤϣ
ͣһ£أ
ڵʵ϶û취ʤʮʥֻ취ѰҰ֡
ʥλʥ˵˵ǧǰ𣿡
һ
δ䣬ǽԪɽһֱûˣʵͺ£ھжǿ˭ҲȻ˵Ѫ
أ˵ͷ
ȻԸӦúѰɣ
ԷǧˣʵΣ˵Ըմ£ȫʢʱڣδĳڣ¸ѡ
ѣҲҪȻǱɣ㣬Ҳס
أҡҡͷ
Ҫӹһˣ⵽¾ӹɣԣѾԥˡ
أ˵ĲԪɽʲôطҪʲôܽ
ڡ
Ҫ峤ξð˳ҵأʡǻλͱҪȻڶԷ˵Ȼû·
Ԫɽھʮĵط벻ԶܴܿأֻλʥԸ񱣬²̫Ȱ
üģأ


1793 ʥ
Ԫɽ
ϣأǣλʥڵĵط˹ȥ±ʵ˷֣˺ѿռǲԶֻ˲һʱǰ
˵ɽ˵ǸԨһۿȥڵĿͷɢϢ
԰ɣ
أǰһԨϿգһʥѳӹǰݷã
۳ϸߣݣ֪ӶԶ
飬ԨƺкƷţһʵĹâ·缫⡣
Щâһ̸֣евȣ岻ͣĻζԼƣʱӿеȥ
Ԫ
üëһ
ʹֻͬڵƻã޷ơ
ߣ
üëһأαװ˵ģɱ¾ڣסΣֻûȫָɫٴαòҰס
һ˳վڽ£סΡ
ԪܹƻֻǱûνҲͲӰ졣
ʹâٴηˮӿ漴Ϳһ۵ӰվڹâϷ
ʥ
ӹʱȭ
˹ȥ
ǰλں£ֻֻ۾Ѫ֮ɫһֹ֮УϵϢŨۻ룬жǿ֮ǰĲʥȣй֮
ź죬˿
ѹֱأƳ籸ڵѪ磬Ҳǿߡ
ϷѲ£ԹҲã˫ںڰ֮Уʥޱ顣
ڵ㿴ˣܹңӹʹס
ˣʱĸɾֻҪ߾ܿؿ͡
˶䣬ʵ۱ͬͨҲһǰһΣҲˣû£ˡҲڷ㣡
ʥɫĮµʹâͣҫӰƺҪٴںڰ֮Уʧ
ұڵϦ֮䣬ֻгˡû뵽һĮӹż
Ҫæ֣˭ôǰ㣿
ǵĽ黹ûôɡ
ѲȨ֮УմЩ
ҡҡͷʥ÷ϻһӣʹâԨӰѾ˺ڰ֮С

ϾҪʧʱüָǰһ㡣
еʹâ̱˺У֮ǰתԪ˿̸ı˷򣬶źӰӿ˹ȥ

ѹոʧʥӺڰе˳ܵʹâų⡣
˭ôܿԪ
üëһʥǲš
ΪԨԪ֮˲ǧ꣬񣬲еĵãԲٿʩչͬʥη
ǰλһ־ʹâԼų⡭ôģ
Ҳǿƣ׼ȱݣܹںԪ֮й
һЦָһ㣬µ̱ջؽָڿУƺ˿ԪӰ졣
ɱ¾ܱ仯ıԪ֮ݣ̫ѡ
ղŶԷʹõʱ򣬽ͼݲ̽һȻܹʹá
׼ȱݣںԪ֮
ʥü

Ӧһһ˫͵

ԨʹâҫһƬ⣬Χƣеͬɫľˡ
ԣԪԨһůԴȪͷųΪ
ȻܹԪ
ܵԼƿصԷʥ𺳡
оǧ꣬Ȼǰλꡣ
ܰﳽӹʣƿԪķҿԴڸ㣡
֪ԼֶΣ
⡭ʥͣ
ΪԪǧˣܺǰλһ˳ƣҲͲôˡ
ңԪĿģҵһʺԼ·߾磬ͶԷɿƣԤʵȻͻͽͻڵĵѪҲδ֪
˭ˣ
Щ⶯ʥδżתͷǰĳӹʡ
Ϊһߣһˣ˳ΪʵȴҲףֱȻ򵥡
ûлʤĻᣬΪ˵õԪĹյء
ʺǻʣǺ֣ҽ͵Ϯӹʵ
ǣ
ߣʥɫѿ£ҰĪɣ


1794 Ԫͬ
ߣÿһΪݣӵȥԡ
Ϊ˵õһ׹ȥûô벻
ʥĪˣ
һЦ
֮Ҳ룬ҲûȤʥ˰֣ΪˣҲ޷
ܳΪʥľٶﵽ30.0һ伤ĻӰ
Ȼʥ˵Ҳǿ󣬲Ԫ֮䵮һվ磬޿ɺǣں濹⵽ѹȡû´Щ꣬㲻뿪Ԩǣ뿪ɣ
۾̧
ԷղſԪ·ɳͳûͼݲ̽ˡ
ǰλǿʵϣȴԪͬһ뿪Ȼٽ٣
ԣùʥѪǿߣȴһֱڴˣԸ뿪
Ȼǿ󣬵ڵʵȥ̫ѣҪߣ˭Ҳס
һ£ʥߡ
ǹʥǿߣƴˣܿģֻԸⲻԸ⣬ʧٰˡ
ͺãǷȰһ䣬ԪʯãòҪѪŻʱɱ䣬˭޷ƣ
ҡҡͷٶ˵кӹһ߰ɣ
ߣ
ӹһ㶡
⣬뽫ʥ£ԼӪģ˵˼䣬ɶûУҪ뿪ʧȥһǿ߰ȥʣλ

ɻ󣬾ͼѾԶȥͣһ£
֮ǰλϪɽ֪ӵг˵ı죬˵˼뿪ȻԼ⡣
һʱ䣬ȻͣڿУЦӯӯղķȥ
ǡ
üͷ壬ɻĿ
һᣬλʥת⣡

ӹ֡
˵Է뿪Ԩᱻˣôܸı⣬ðΣհԼ
ǰλȻ˵϶˴㣬ѯʣֻôԭأҲԨķ˹ȥ

һô֪Ԫʯ
ˣû˵תߣʥɻ
ܹ֮Ԫ츳ߣǶԨԪʯ
ʯͷʹһܹɢԪ֮ƿƿضֵ޷֮
װŪھԪʯֻһҪӿٶˡ
һ£֪Է˼ʲôʥҡҡͷᣬӰٴɫ֮Уһ̣ѾԨ
һʵʯͷǰâҫƺܵԪ֮ɢ
ƴ棬һʥӿ
Ϊ˿ʯͷһǧʱ⣬ܹȥֻһǧ꣬ڣֻҪԪ֮ɱ䣬ͿԳɹ
һֻһš
Ԥһɹ൱ڽԨڣõٹͬˣҲѹ

Խ࣬ԪϵҲԽ࣬ͻȻǰԪʯǳױ𽥺ںϡ
ɹˡ
۾Ź⣬ʥæںϡ
̣
ɢʹâʯͷƣһ˲䣬ˣâ֣һٸ
ܵԼȻƿԪ֮ʥһЦڵսͻȻһڵ̶һ㣬ٲ֮ǰͨ衣
ô£
ͫһæķȥһ֮£ɫ̰ˡ
ֻԼľû֮ǰͣ͸һɢ֮ͭɫӲģԳͨ
ʯͷҪʯͷˣ
ǾȫļѪҺҲʼӲҪʧȥо
˿̣ɵҲ׹ôˡ
ΪԪʯıԪʵϣԪҲĸıƺҪ䣬һ޴Ԫʯ
ͬʹʯһĸʱˣҲִ
Ǳıڲṹ
ֻǡͨʯͷҲˣһȫʯͷս˵ӵжʶ
꣬ҲܵϮ
亹ͣͷð
̶ʱ䣬⾭ѪҺ꣬ҲܵϮԽԽӲû֮ǰľ
Żɱ䡭λһ֪ʲô
ڿסʱ֮ʱʥͻȻ֮ǰǸĻȭͷ͵һ
Է⿴ԪʯƺЩʲôʱҪ˿̵ҲֻȥҶԷ
¡
㣬Ļҳɣ̴Ԩ˳ֱʧķȥ


1795 ү
һ߷Уһ߸е岻ԼƣԽԽӲʱӿ׹䡣
ʱֲסʱ򣬳ӹʺλӰߣƺ֪Լ׷Ⱥ
ˣ־ҡ
еѾʯͷʥٹ˲ǰǻ̿֡
Ѫǿߣ൱ӵȫʯͷǿҲʩչֻһ·ߡ
Ȼ£볽ӹʵ飬ȴ
ҵΪֻѪҪ㣬ֻܿӹʱ£ֻѪ𣬿ûʲôʱ䣡
üͷ֡
ղӦô˿ҲΪ
ҡ
û뵽ôͰʯͷԼĽţʥɫһһףֻҪӹʱܹңԸӲǲ
ӦھӦˣĻᣬٻֿɵãξѾҪˡ
ȻӦǾˡ
һЦȥ
ԣ
괫ӹüЩš
ͷ
Ǻá
һӹһһģһ

â˺ƿռ䣬ʥ彩ӲӦͱؿڣնһ޴˿ڡ
Ѫ˳Ѫʡ
Ҫʲô
ʥû뵽ǰλֱӶ֣ѡ
ܸʲôȻǾ㣡ޱ飬Щͷþȣھߣ
ʥһΣûӿȥ
˭˭ˣװװһ
˳ȡƣȴҲҶ˵ȭ
⻹࣡
˵ͷٶ˵ǰָ˹ȥ
ѪҺͺָһӴٴͷųɫâʲôӶԷϱ
âԽԽʢָⲻͣתۣܿγһʯͷģ
֮ǰʥԪʯ
ڵʹâԽԽ٣߸о֮ǰЩӲ壬ٴλָ֪
Էеʯͷǲƻ˺£ͣɢֲҪȴζ
ʯͷԼ
ʥƤ
ʯͷദ˲ǧ꣬δ㡣
̺ǣͺһЩıƣӸӣͬˡ
ûУҲԼͬʱˣԼ
͵֮δΪͬʱŸոѣ㳹ױԪʯ͵꣬Ҳͳˡ
ǰλʯͷʯͷҲ
ԪʯıǹʥҲûô׾;ΪС
ԪɽԨҲ꣬һֱˡ
£ʯͷܹҲҪ֪ãһλʥʯͷûôסĿԪ֮Է顣
ֶΣ鷽ʥȻǿû֮£ֱС
ȻеȶԷ㲻֣ʱƣڵɻ֣ˣ˿̳֣ɵڰ
û뵽һʯͷϣʥݷס
ԪΪһô׾Ϳġ
˵ͷʹâл۵ԽԽࡣ
ʯ飬ͣҪ֣ȴô
һԡ
ԷںϵԪ֮Ĳ࣬˿֪λٲΣգͻȻһ
ԪʯʥҪѣӵԸԣܹ˳ɡ
뷨һͼڵĴ֮Уһת
̣
ǰʯͷеʹâۿɼģӿڡ
ڴ൱ʮٶȣĳӹʺʥֻâ֣ʹâʢ׷ʲôˡ
ѵԪʯҪ
ʥüëһ
ⶫսͬĲûǰλȡò߳ŭҪԸɣ
Ҫǿû취ˡ
⡭Ҳ֪ȻܽڵԪ֮ҲӦܹڵľ桭
ӹҲ֣˵ͷ
ǰλ񶼹Ŀ࿴ȻŲһı졣
յĵӣ
ӹ˵ʥ˿ͬʱɻĿ
ǰλʶˣǰδλѲɣǾʱղ࣬յѧ
ѧĻôң˵ĶԻƺ꣬λһЩ
ӣɷˡλҵү
ӹʵ
ү
ʥԽˡ


1796 ʥ
ӹʵ游˵ͿʦĺˣܹԽ
ˣλȻͬΪʥСͱȷΪߣλ硭ʲôʱðү
һߣƺΪү
˭ʸ
ˡӹʽ͡
񣿡
ʥӡ
ܹΪǰλȻˡͷδ̫ˡ
ٴοʥ˾η
˿̵ȥܶ˵ۣȫĳԪĴ֮С
ʥزླ꣬಻𣬻ƽʱûжӦҪ֪ѶãڣԪʯ֮ɢպÿԶд翿
֪˶ãٴηɱ䣬ȫ⡢꣬ҫ۵Ĺâʥַ
ླ
Ϊ磬֪ҪѶãû뵽Ԫӵ˹Чһٳɹ
ͻƾ磬δͣЪӵʹâ
ʯͷõѪǿ߶Ϊ£ڵԽԽ࣬ΪҲۿɼĿӡ
ླڣ
ླڣ

ʱʹﵽ˲ླԲ

ۻڲͣﵽƿҲ޷Ż۾
ѧĸһһﵽ־磬ԼҲˡ
ﵽླԲ֮ǰǿǹ㲻ѪĹʥҲһս
ȻʥǿǶԷ򣬺Ͷص⣬ϣûôҪ
ܹսնɱԷɴһξ롣
ʱԳʥˡ
ﵽ־磬ΣҪǴʥֻʣһš
ľѾͻƣҲйʥֻ֮Ҫһַ򣬳ԽͿȥˡ
˿̵ֻгΪʥһɳ죬վ֮ۡ
֪Ҫʱ乮̣ʱܳɹͣ
һӣâɢԪʯٴγģֻС˽ӽһ롣
ͼ˰ʱ绹ʮӡ
Ϊ
âɢӹ漴ڵʵĿɿڴ
ǡֽˣ
ǲͻƵѪ
ʱ֣˭ĵĸоĪ
ͻƣҪѪ;һƵá
˻
治֪ôġ
˵ı飬һʥϵѾԪʯҲһٵԵɷʹãֻòҪ֮ǰܻ֣
˵꣬Ԫʯ˹ȥ
ⶫǶԷǧڵӣǱѾõ˺ô
л֮ӹԪʯʥ˿ٴοӹʣʲôƻαģ
֮ǰʹӦˣ֪λʵݣûɡ
ʺǻʣ˴ռ˰λʥڻ̫ȥʥһ֮
˼Ƭ̣ӹʵ
ʥ
üʥ˹˵Ŀʥһλ棿֣꣬ѽ´𡭡ȥ룬ɱɣ
ʥǿߣڵʥһ档
ʵֻǿ
ֻλʥ޺ͳӹдȥ˳ǵɹŪã෴Чɣ
ﵽѪĹʥһôλָȥǲܻʤ
ӹҡͷ
ߣȻǿ󣬵ƴĻɿԵʡǻʵ̫ǿˣͬǿ߲ܿ⡣
Щģȥ磬ͬǿߡ
ʥޣ
һͷޣңҲ̫࣬꣬սҴˣ˳ȥ˫Щìܡӹʵ
˿ѡ񣬾Ͼ˫ìܣ׳෴Ч
үǶѱֶ𣿻
ϣĿ
ǰλүʱ򣬾ѱླԲʥޣλʥȻǿ󣬲ѱùϵӦôϣ
֮ìж󣿡
δӦüʵ
ìܲ죬޷⣬˭ȥá
֮ˣռһƬûӦ˫ʤƾʵսʤϳǧ
ͷӹʵ
ʢδ֣⽫ߣˡ
ϳǧǨ
Էһ˵֪ìܼû취ˣεҡҡͷֳޣҿҲΪ
⡭
û취ӹͣһ£ҧ¶ʵڲУҹȥɱιΣ


1797 ҪѪ
üɱιҲûãʥ޼ǳĻǹȥǸܽģ
Ϊѱʦ֪Ǩǣ˸ǸͿԽġ
Ҫûܹ޵еʵԼһߵݣŵԷȻӦڣû鷳Ͳˣ£޿ܡ
ô죿
ӹҲ㣬ֻǱһ˿ϣˣ˿⻰̲ס
û취ǡɫأҵǿߵѪҺ
⡭
һۣӹʺʥһ㶡
ʥûκιϵ
֮ʥıûаǮϵѪΣ
߸ҹ
ѪѹƣѪģѹϡģ䳼ͬ壬ûκЧˡ
ҪѪҺǶѹƣǡ⿪ǹϵķӡ

Źѱ޷ѱʥޣͱʵϽѹ
⼸쾡ܽܿ죬ﵽ˲ླԲ͵ѪĹʥȣǲ˲֪Զ
ǡǹϵķӡ
ǹķһԼﵽʥùʥͣ
ڶѰҸӾѪҺùɱ
һʱڣȻֻһţĿǰΪֹû˿ͷݻһ¡
ڶֻҪɱͿԽ⿪ȽʥµķӡӶһٻָʥĳʵ
ʱȫԻλνĻʥ䳼
ȻֱۺȻﵽ˵Ѫ۷壬ѱʥޣҪʵˣŷ
壬һ塭ʦ½ڵλ棬ܲס
֪ĿģӹʿЦҡͷ
ʦ½ڵĹսӵе壬Ѫô㲻ϡ
ˣ˵ڵ䳼
ûд壬ѪҺҲͺѰҡ
֪ѪҺ
ûһʥڵ
æ
ҪģӦҲѪﵽʥ֮ѪҲԽɣ
ʥʵ
壬½ϲУôҶãﵽʥǿѪҺܹҵġ
ͷ
ʥǴ½۷ǿߣּѪҺһֶΣӦÿƽӡ
ֻǹʥѪ֪ˡʥ
ѵ˵ǡ
ʲôӹɫò̫ÿ

˵ͷʥ꣬ʵ游Ӯʱ£նɱһͷʥĺѪҺԼ޵ѪأˣʮλʥǿߵľѪܹһͷѱΪ޳裬֪ΪΣûɹţͱˣ˽롭⣬ѪҺӦûڣ
壬κ˵мܹѱ޳裬ս϶ӡ
ʵ游ͺͬʱڵӮʱ£ʮֳԣ˲֪ѪҵһͷѪĺ֮ɱֻܹѪһͷµʥޣûѱֻϧ֪˲չܴɡ
ЩֻǴţʱԶǲģδ֪
ӹü
£ʷмأѾǼǰˣǲĶֵȶɵ棿
ӦģԪɽ֮ǰȥʹȡ۲ݣֶֻĻʵĹûǿߣȴļãӦйأ
ʥ϶ĵ
۲ݣҩģӵǿ壬ǿѪãǶʥޣżЧʮ
ѰطѰʹҵоЩˡ
˵طǣ
˵ĶԻҲ׹ɻĿ
ǣʥͷ
˵üͷ
үʳ˴϶ϣĹ֮أҪУܡ
ѯʣ֪Щģӹʼæ
ȷѣûлᡭ
ַ°ͣ
ɡ
ȥѰʥܲ£һЩ־ȥǣģҵαװ֮ҲǿеѪأӦҲѣ

ΣյĵطǣڵʵòҪȥðգܽǹսֱӴﵽѪ硭ֵˣ
⡭
˵αװ֮ӹʲٶ˵
αװʮǿټүǱжû֪ţһٳɹ


1798 ľ
үһҪСģ
֪Էľûܹģӹ硣
λҪʲô⣬Ūãһŭ֮£嶼׸
ʵ֪Ĳ֪࣬ĺƾݰ٣ʦ½ܲסʱҪ֣˵һ壬½һҲ϶ֵס
ģ֪Էĵģ˰֣ҲѰ£ĹʥɣҶһ˽Ǽɣ
ȥѰѪԽԽãƾαװ棬ϺˡΣգӦòѡ
ȶ˫ͷж
ٴλصǣҵ
ΪǳӹʴΪһһ̳λʮΡ
Ҫӵӵ⵽ˡ
ô£
һܱվ֮УܷҲͲסеɻ
ԼѧԴ۹뿪ȻѶΪ⵽ʲô⣬ĳЩյأζ벻õ˳ӹʵĴС
λһߵȫ£ΪȻ֮ǰһҲﵽ˲ླԲԼ˿
ʦѯʣûżش𣬶ϥһڵأѧʦģ
ʦ½ʦصʦɽΪѧȻתߣʵ󲻾
û¾ͺã˰֡
ʱȻԷĲԣȴҲ⡣
֣Ϊսӣǰ;ųΪԭٹ۾һӱԬΡκ̡·塭ÿһԼĵ·
ȴԼܵʦƲãеѹ֪
лʦ꣡
ʦûй˼ǸжҲ֮ǰ飬ϸ˵
ʱԴ뿪ҾԼǸʦֵܱȣһǴм䰵ûһʥ޳Ѩ㱻ɱתʦڵĹͷų˿˵ɱ¾
ת
һ㶡
ǣ
ӦһһתȻеһŨɱ¾ѹȶһ֮С
ȱӹʾȻ˿
ĹȻҲ˹Ч۾Ź⡣
֮ǰһֱΪαװɱ¾еû뵽תҲЧ
ȻҲ͸йأ֣ŵˣַͬȴûֻ
תɱʥޣȴҲˣΪϢ̫Ũӹʱ£ҵ츳ҪĴУڸң
䣺ʦԸˣܹУͿ԰ʦǾʹӦˡ
ü
Լڵľѵõ˸ƣǿʦ½츳Ͽǰ
תγɱ¾ӹʶ޿ɺǣ̫˰ɣ
һߣʦ½һšѵû˿ɻ
ҺأԴ۹뿪񣬳ӹ᲻Щ
һҲͲס̲סʵӹ󣬿ɼأҲǺԶѧԺʦ
ںԶʦѧԺʦʱ򣬺ӱˣ档
϶ܹϳ
ûʦ
ҡͷ
üͷ
ѵ´ˣ
ǣᱻӹϣǲ̫Щ
ǡ˵񣿡ٴε
һ壬˭֪񣿡
ЦЦߣҲҷӹʱ£֮ҵң˵ǵõָԷ飬Ҳֻţûʸհˣ
ָ
ЦЦ
ӲµĲ
ӹܹԼѧΪˣصӰڡ
ֻԷ֪壬壬Ϊʲô
ԽԽ㲻ˡ
ҷתĹѪµ󣬽죬ӹʱ£ҲǼãרּ룬Ϊʵˣ̶̼ʱ䣬ͻ˴ʥﵽڵľ磡
ϴ裬ʱͺܺãչˣǵõһߵ࣬벻ǿѡ
ԣҴһӱǶ˲Сӹʱ뿪ʡǻʻ˵ѾʦնɱҲܵż
ｫڵĴһ¡
ӹʴģֽ˶ԷĴУҪΪΪֻͺһĹͷʣˡ
ˣҲôҳţв׹Է塣
ȻҲпΪûʲôʵȨʺǻʲŹ˲ϣƿؾӣ϶Ҳ׶༪ˡ


1799 ָ
ʺǻʣû·עһĴȷΣգߣϱѵͷҲ޷
֪˿̵˼Ƭ̣벻õİ취ֻһǵѪʥµľѪΣգҲһ
ӹѪҺǼû̫ɣſ̷ȥ
ѪҺڷһӿУʱȻ
ںѪҺתøǿ󣬲ͻƹʥһξ롣
ҷһֿռ䣬̺ʥ֮԰ʥһľķҲ㣬ȡͻ硣
ٴóһ
һƮҡҪƽȹܴﵽʥ
˿αװˣӹʶû˵ȷһܴĻԵ·ϣԽԽԶ
һڧУõ㹻λƿɿƵ壬˵ԱȰʦҪ档
лʦ
ж
һȻֻ˼£ȴѣѲ֮ǰǸԡ԰ˡ
ʦó򵥣ʵʵ̶ȣ޿ɹ棬Զᣬʥ⡣
һФͽܣʦǵûĶʱѵ˵ˡ
ÿ˵ĻͬĽˣֻľܵƣԽ۽ҲԽԽȻӣ
֪뷨ͣ͸ģֱָꡣ
߻ͨˣҪƽģĽʡԹޡЩ˼ֻձĿܡ
Уڣټϴ˻ЩԱһҧת뿪ϣܹһԼ磬ԼҲ֣ŵ˿
Ը˵ĥкô˸ӼͲΣȴǣ飬ȫ档
֮ǰߣûҪϸڣ˿̸պýһ£ҲѶԷҪ;
ǣɫȻ
ǿߣػ㣬ʦ֮޵УܹԽ츳ߣĻ£Ļн࣡ûؽܳԽŽ񣬳Ϊһˣ
ͷ­дž
Խ֪λǿߵΰͿ¡
ʵȻھŽ񣬵˵𣬶Ǵ£ʵƾ㣬ͿԿ˸
һᣬѧףĽҲ˳򿪣˿
ѧȱ̫ʤˣź֣˱Ƚϵ˼
ͬʦֵܣӦ໥֣Ƚ̫ˣ̬ʧ⣬ջǽ
ѧˣ
Ȼ򣬲ھ£¶֮ɫɻĿ˹ʦһ˻صǣʲô飿
ҴȥʹѰѪѧҲûʲôģ
ʹüʦȻûȥȴ֪ϣ˸û취룡
֪бɣͷ
ĿģΪ˰ﳽӹʱ𣬶ҪԷ֣ϵѰء
Ҫ㣬Ҫʵǹսķ
ʦ̬ȣ֪Ҫȥվüͷɸ񣺡ʵĹʮ׻꣬޷룡ӲĻʥδܹɹؼǣѪʲôط֪ӲһĿģҵˡ
϶ӲȲ˵ʵһץסɣ˵ѪֻǸţʲôط֪Ӳ׳ֲ
϶Ҫ취ȥ£ҲΣ˷ֻнԷĹѰһᣡ
ͼǿҲҪȿܳȱݡ
ʵĹһ֪ӲçΪ
Ҵһ£ʲôõĻᡣ磬ӹˣҹҽʦæƣ
˵ֱ۴̴˵ĸܴλʣ嵽εϢƲûôָ
Ҳ˵ԷпܣƣпҪҽʦ
лᣬС
ȥ飡
ʦѾ˼ƽϣҲ˵ת˳ȥ
˺ü£ǳӹصĴˣӵԼ鱨ϵͳ
һʱ˻
ʦµĲʵĹȷˣֻҽʦ
ϴ֮ɫƺõϢԼЩš
ҽʦʲô
ü
Ȼˣ϶ҪҽʦƣͨҪκãӦûôףҪԣƲ⣬ûѰҽʦĴ㡣
еĻԳûС
ǡͣһ£мʦ


1800 ŵļʦ
ʦ
üëһ
ҽʦʦһЩӵˣ⣬ʦܸʲô
ʦöµϡС¾ְҵһ壬䲻ϵҲûжӦĹᣬȴҲдУӵ
ֻԶʦ½ôϸˡ
ʦ¾֮еְͨҵûκΰ˸ʲô
᲻ˣ
ǣҲţר˴˺üΣȷʻӼһֱûҽʦǼʦ

ˣҽʦƣȴҼʦѲɣڸԼ۸
³Ϊ
£׶˵ò˼顣
жʱðʦվһ࣬ڴϵĳʡ
˺ðټֵ˰öƷʯ
ֹ㿴ˣ˼ǰĹʥأ˿ڴ⻨ƣûһƷʯܳۡ
һ빺εİɣͨʥ˵Ķ۸ˣο

ôԽԽûĵ
ĿΣҪȥ
ҡҡͷ߰뷨׿
ʦʲô㣿
ʵ
ȻмʦЩʦ϶ῼ˵ĵطɣȥ
ӹʱɱһߣĹҪռʦֻҪųϢ϶ǰ
ˣҲȫͨˣȻˣպùȥ˳ݡ
ȷп˵ĵطҿԴʦȥͷ
ˣڵУۼ˲Ŀ⣬һȥӰȫ֡
Ҳãûм֡
ΪӹӵĴˣͱʺǻʵ˶ˣҪǴһ˳ȥȷ鷳١
뿪ң˵ķȥ
Ǹ۱УҪʵĹҪʵѧӵպǿ˵ڡ
αװһͨˣȺС
ʮ֣Ȼıȣ˲٣ȴ˿ϡҩģʥ޵ĹǼܣٶв֡
ѹǰðգЩҩģҩЧȷҪʤʦ½
һߣһߵͷ
ð壬ȻΪ档
ҩģȻʦ½ϡ٣Ѫºɱ¾֮Ϯҩӻ
ͺɳĮֲһǿ
Щ˵ʮ󣬶˵㲻ʲôһᣬ˵ķ򣬼ǰ
˵ǷƷǾǷƷôҵ۹⣿
ûԶһõתͷȥ漴һ˫ֱվһ̯λǰĿ䡣
ˣҶƣҾһŵõģ˶һֻơûаԣ
һż
˳ȥȻ˵ѶϵƵڣûá
ֻҪ̷ô˵ԼôôңȻȾһЩͲǰŪˡ
ϵıû˿仯üëһ˦䣺ҶƺͶԲݣΪƣ۸ȴ˲֪ٱǶԲݣð䡭Ųھϱҩץߣ
ûҩ
ƵĲмˣҪץˣŵݷס
ˣҲףҩȻֵǮһƣˣöӹң
˵ָһöӲҹ
ӹңǳӹʷеĽңޣʮöܹһƷʯöӹң൱ڰˡ
öҶƣԳٶʮġ
Ʋмһ
ҶƣԳ۶ʮӹңֻöʵ̫
ķϻǼүͨ׿˵ļʦ˵ǶԲݣǶԲݣٷϻŲ̯ӣҲû˸˵ʲô
Ҫϻһ̴ߡ
ʦְҵȻ̫ߵȣȴһԾŶ
˵ĶģٵҲģ˵ǼٵģҲǼٵġ
ʦ½ΪйԼһֻγᣬûƣѾУ˾ηĴڡ
һǲ뻨ǮԷҶơ
ҡҡͷ
Ȼҩ֪Ĳ࣬ΪʦҩĵԺҩǿ׿ġ
ԷҩģҩЧۻ룬Բֹöӹҡ
Ȼλʦ֪öԲŪҪӲ
ʵֹ⽫ɼٵģŪңͼ۹򣬸߼۳۵£ǰżʣο
ܵˣҲףȴû˸˵ʲô
λܹҲҼһͨǵĶȥˡ
Ȼպȱݣˡ
ǰȥʿ˼ʦĵطܲѰһᣬ˿̼һ΢΢һЦǰС
˭ңһȻ˹۸ˣҲûκˡ


1801 ʹ
߶ԷҶƣλʦҲϻͷ­ȥһЦ
Уһᣬһӣָһ
λŵļʦǰһڣһһ磬漴һΣ˹ȥ
ǲླԲԸһʥصļʦ׾١
ѻ꣡
÷ϻԷԺһ̣ݺȻָơ
ҪʵĹαװһݣ϶вͨģԷȻϸѯ
Ŀģǿˣһʵڵļһαװ
ô飬
ӵǵļʦϡѾͨʵĿ飬ȥʹãȥ鷳
ͨѻ֪꣬ܿһȫϸЦЦһӡ

λ˵ʦ̱ɷɻң״ʧݵĶȻġ
ȥʵĹ
αװҫ˱仯գ۹ͺλϳһģһ׶޷ʶ˿նԷеķʹ˹ȥ
ߣиԵĹƷͽڣʵĹ̫Զ߹ߡֵͿΡĹǽڸǰ
дݵƵݹȥߡ˱飬ȷΪˣ˳С
ϼʦ롭
ܿ죬һӭ
ͨԷļ䣬δҵʦĿģӦλҲǰĻѹ֪ǹΪ£Ҳǰ׼ȡиõı֡
˵꣬ݹһöƷʯ
δܣĮʲôʲôǣﲻҪˣС
ǣǣ
æͷֻǽѣû˼ֵ¡
ţ
һ£ʯģһսָ²Ϊ
˵꣬ǰȥߣѹ˴ǹҪǣÿһ׼ȷֵܳһٲʣ򣬱ɱˣû㣡
æͷ
ʦȻܹ׼ȷ׼ȷֵȴҲݱ˵ݲͬһЩļֵͲ̫׼ˡ
ͺϺͨҺʯġı˶޷ʶɼ۸ɻʮٱ
ԷĻܼ򵥣öֵǮͶֵǮҪЩӡ
סͺãȴȥڻᰲʲôֻǸˣͲˡ
˵һ䣬û졣
ֻ֪ôࡣ
ˣ
ȡһöƷʯݹȥüͷ
ԷȻ˹ġ
ڣλ˶أûʱ䣬Ѿ˵ۻˣصԼϳˣҼʦ
˰˼⡣
ʱ䲻һĹ
ϰ˸ָıټʦУϸ
ȥ󣬴ӵһ￪ʼ꣬ļֵӦУҲҪ̸һ֣ɱ⣡
߽䣬һӭϴűѪζ
֪ĹأҲ˵˵ͷʢűļӸǰ
ǰ棬ȻиӣѡЩƣֻܽдĶУܵķӡʶ޷̽飬ҲͿдݡ
ôʦÿһͬı𡭡Ѳǿ飿
̧ͷǰȥͼ֮ǰļʦѾıԼƲļֵӣǰС
Ҳ˵ÿһҪÿһ˶һ飬ڼ۸ζͿ˵ˡ
һᣬ벻֪ͨԥʱһĸǰ
ǸڵĿʯһۿȥֱ治ʡ
ᴥһ£Ժиֳһ鼮
ʯԨزӵƽħá
鼮ϼ¼ʯͷľֵȱ㡣
ݿ꣬δżдװģоƬ̣ȡһſհ׵ĿƬļ۸дȥ
λȻǴӹҺ;Ʒʯ
Ƭӣǰȥ
ͬһöʯҲʮϡ٣۸͸ղŵʯ
һᣬȻʯͷüͷ
ʯͷѣֻҪ֪ʶ㹻ֵֻ֪ǣһʯͷҼ۸󣬶Էڸʲô
ʮöһЩϡֲ
еʣеˣѸɿݣʮָӣαװϣ֪⽫ٶȷ
Щֲװ𲻳ӣȡ鼮ϸۿƺҪҳ𰸡
ˣ쵽˽λȥϢ
֪˶ãһ漴һм䡣


1802 ̽ʹ
תͷȥüëһ
˾ȻԼһҲλླԲǿߡ
Ϣˡ
պһȥоһϣ
Щʵ̫ѱʶˡ

Ϣȫ˿ѹ͵ֹ
ڵıԽԽѼ𣬼ˣļʦҲв٣ʶ
˿ϢպÿȥϣȻҹۣŪĻᱻնɱ
λ룡
꣬мʮ˽ÿһһλʦǰ棬ҲǸڼ׵Ļ
Ȼ֣ȴҲ֪ʶֻ˻ɣʲô˵һǰȥ
һһסѧһֳһ䡣
õһ
ҪţҪ鼮ǰ룬ʹУҪָͬҩ
Ŵ򿪣
ǣ˵ͷ߽䡣
ڣӵи󷨣Ѷ޷ʹãԷɵЩʦ֮䣬໥
һ۸Ϳȫͬ޷жϱ׼ȷֵˡ
֨ѽ
Źϣ
ҲֻʮƽΡϢĵطһӦȫǽܣоƷʯöɵ󷨣ṩųƣֻҪһʱ䣬ɻָ
պóᣬ̽һѪڵλã
һ岻׻ü˳
ǵʦģȻ˿УȻҪȥѰһ£Ѫľλá
׻ʣڷ䣬ǰȥǰ͸еһ赲ȥ·
Ȼ׻󷨡
һۣȻ
׻ʦʦ½ʧӰ٣ʦԼ½ϵһЩطû󷨣һְҵڡ
ԣٵط赲׻󷨣޷ͨ
ӲĻ϶鷳
ۣ֮
֣ܿҵе©һΣ˳ȥ

ųһ϶Ϣ˳
סߡ
¥Улżʦ߽ס
һΣǽ棬˳ȥ
׻꣬Ҳһﵽ˲ླԲҪЩ֣ʵ̫ˡ
뿪ҷɵ̫ߣʹη壬ʥ϶ӵв٣һ֣ӿ¶Ӳ
һĹȻʦ½ƣַĵ£һʾأҪﲻƾӹǣҪնɱҲܳɹ
ȵһ·ǰԺйճۡģԾ̾
ʦ½Ľ޽֮ǰͨѰһʵĵط۷ˮȻɽؼۼ
һ壬ʽ֮ͬǽڵ棬ķģȻûеƣȴͬۡ㣬ʺ
ǰߣ˳ӦȻȴƻڿɳ־õķչߣڳطȥ˵ԵЩ˵
Ҳһ壬Ĳ
ûһѪϢ
ת˽ӽʱʹתһ飬ûҵѪټ֮ǰʥ˵۲ݣҲû֡
ʥ֪ģǧǰϢѲɡѪѾˣ
ֻʣǸûȥ
ַһʱ䣬һ
ʵ޵
ΪйʥϢһֱûҽ롣
طûѪҪУܾ
ûйʥҪȥ
һüëһ
ΪѪȥ̽ǰ
ȫѹƵ֮ͣתǰĹ˹ȥ
һķӡ֣׻꣬Уᱻײ
֪Σգżǵȴʱ
һŴ֮УȫϢ
ľﵽʥʲô飬ѲóȻȥԷ֣簲š
ֻҪ˾ס϶˽˵ǻᡣ
Щʦôˣ
СʱȻ
Ŀȥ漴֮ǰڴĲླԲˣһ
λϢڣǳ˫Ŀ֮͸¶ŨŨѹȸУƺһۣκαװأᱻ
ʥ
ͫһ
û´λߵʵ϶ﵽ˹ʥ
޹Ȼּǿߴڡ
ȷλʵκζס׻ľ֮УһҶ͸¶ʲôԷ
Ѿ˿ˣֵֻȷļʦʦ½ıȣǲ˺ܴһصģ
̾Ϣ


1803 ׻ʦʥ
ʦ½κ飬أǡǡûصĵطټʦſڿӣƷļ۸Ҳǧٹ֣
ʥҡҡͷƺҲЩߡ
ǿʳʦְҵԷʵֻ˵һ㣬һЩͨļ𣬻˵滰һһЩǿߣЩԲˡ
˭Ҳ֪᲻ᱻǿߣһŭ֮ɱˡ
ΪУ˼ٻҼʦȴΪ˵ʵ⴦ġֹٰ
ԣʦĻ߷ּ٣档
ְҵڣȻгҡ
ǰʱûȷҪҪʵݣǿţʥߵ
רŽˣЩˣдļ۸Щף
˵
׵ģϳɱˣɱˣؾʵдˣ
һʥϵɱӿ˲䣬˱˪磬ĴܵϮҶӱÿݻơ
ʥǿߣ̫ǿˣй¶һ˿Գܡ
Ϣ
һ
ԷɢģǱ˪Ϣʵϣȴ֮Уһ׹ĸо
ɢģֻһ֡׻ʦ
Ѳɣλߣ׻ʦеĹʥ
ţ
ԷĲԾƺҲľ׻ڣüͷһ¡
īʥôˣ
鲻ԣɻĿ
ûʲô
˰֣īʥһȻȥɣͰ˵ɱϼǿƺܿʵˣ
ǣ˵˵ͷڶ˵תȥʱ䲻ʧԭء
뿪߲δǰҲû뿪վԭһ
ѵˣ
в̲סһ顣
֮˵µһľͻ30.0ʥҪҲˡ
ղɻ󣬻ܲһ£漴ͱѹסҪֶ̫ףλβģ
ߣ
վԭһƺԼ֪ٲߣûлᣬɣ׻һΣֱȥ
̲ס𣿡
īʥһЦ۾Ȼ˸һҫ۵Ĺââ漴͵һ̤
¡
̻ζһƣܵˮơ
׻꣬պ͵Ӵȥһ£ȴײ˸ְϣˮƵ棬һˤڵء
ˡ
Էһţ͵סȥ·ɫѿ
ֻǵ׻꣬ˡǹЩûϣҪλʥɣ

֪汻ӡҪ߼ܣ׻һ͵гȥ
ӵʥҲͲˡ
üëһ

һ֣֮˻ûУٴһͬ׹
ƣ
ָһ㡣

ܵĿռ伤Ѻۡ
֮ǰҪǹƿռ䣬γͨΪﵽླԲһָͿɣʮּ򵥡
ߣ
ƺ֪ľٶīʥмһϡ
˺ѷ죬ָ̻ոջƿĿռ䣬գ۹Ӳ˿̵ʵҲ˺ˡ
ʥʵ̫ǿˣûкˡȵƣڵʵû취⡣
ȱݣ
֪סĿ䣬ٲұƣת

ͼ𶯣Ժжһ鼮
ָæһ㣬鼮ݣԺ
գ۹ǰĿռȱݣȫڼ֮С
ԭˡ
Ȼ
Էǽ׻Ŀռ䣬ܼ̣ʵϣȴŲ©
׻һˣһ㡣

պõһȱڣոȹ̵Ŀռ䣬ٴγѺۡ
ţ
û뵽һͷֻвླ׻꣬ƽķīʥüͷһ£ٲ˼ݣһץ
һۿԷУڵߡ˸ȱݣҲ͵һ塣

ӰѾѷ죬ʱᴩռ뿪
£
һԼĹ˺ѿռȥīʥɫ˫ִ󿪴ϡ
ѷѹ£ٴλֻۣҪֲסͻᵱɷĩ
ţһѳ׻ֱۣգ۹ʮɳ̣͵һ˹ȥ
⣡
īʥжϣ鲻Խĺ

ҲͲס׻ü˳
һ˲䣬Ժ亮ɭϢء
ǣ

׻ո壬һڶ𣬽ţǰѷ조ʧղͷ׻꣬Ȼʧȥټ


1804 ׷
һīʥ޴׻꣬æУܻˣֻԺ䣬ĵģûһ㴥ĺۼ
ûһ㡣
ӵˣ
ͫīʥɫ
׻ʦ֮еǿߣһΪɲ⣬ΪԷԼǰŪͿץסôû뵽׻壬öԷƤˡ
Ϻݺݳһƣ
϶ûӳȥ
۾磬һܣ׻һʹܵ󷨣̼
ղѹ£Է˺ѿռߣȴ϶Ӳ
ңƾ׻⣬Էı壬϶⸽¶ۼˡ

׻عյ˫ۻ
û˿Ϣҵѹ£˳ߣ˵˭
ŵ׻ʦȫʶʥҪǰߣͻȻðļһﵽ˭
ִӺζ
ˣ
˼Ƭ̣벻Ȼתͷһ
īʥ
һڼ˴˳
īʥ⼸죬ʲôݵʹ
˻ش𣺡ʥԴʱˣͷ˹һֻܹмʦܹʮλңЩˣûһ뿪
ʦ
īʥһӣЩ֮ˡǵȫң
ǣ
˵˵ͷ뿪ǰʥ𣺡ȱæҺһȥҪ飡

գ
һǴü۾³һ
û뵽һλ׻ʦʥҸоôһ¾ͷټ
ҿ֪Էȱݣ汻֪ôġ
ѹ֮ǰӹʡ˶˵ΣأӻСˡ
׻꣬Ȼʣ̽ߵĲţȴҲ׺Ͱȫķ
ԷпܻɵʦϣҪҪ뿪
üͷ
Լ׻걻֣λʥ϶ỳɵôʦϣò˶ãͻ
Ҫ߾ͱ뾡ˡ
ȻҪҹѱᱻ
һ뿪ˡ
òαװɼʦ쵽ûҵѪڵأֱ뿪ʵڲġ
ңεľ䣬´º
мʦȫϣ
˼ҪҪߣһȣŲƺÿһ⣬л
ˡ
ҡҡͷվ
λʥԼеķӦ죬һ˲Ͳڡ
Ҳã׻ͨ׻ʦȫͬϣټףαװ֮޷죬飬Ҳδܹʲô
̧߳䣬Ȼ˻̿ڣ룡
ں棬ܿһлأ֮ǰ껤λīʥվС
Ҳţʦ󣬻˽ȥ
һ룬͸еλīʥ۾йƺҪ̽ʵݣһᣬδʲôֻҡҡͷ
ӣٶλʦ㼯һ
껤ᣬ˹
īʥʶɨ˹ȥܿ콫ݿһ顣
ЩʦÿһǶ̽ãȫǵЩףܹҵģҶӹûκι֮ǰľûһλ׻ʦ
껤ѹ
û׻ʦѲɸղλƾճֵģ
īʥЦ
ʹķΣ֪ĺʥ֪£С
һֻЩʦǣˡ
Ҳ˵ղߵλʮ֮˾ţһ˵С
⡭Ҳпݣ
껤ͷ
ˢˢǰʦȥ
˶¶ã֪Ϊλᱻôżټ
īʥһǿĻӿٶˣȫڡ
漴еǱһεסһ㷴æѹ
̣
Է׻ϸߣѨ壬ƺںӴ
֪̽鷽Բ̽ÿ˵걾ʣɲ
⣬ټ׻ıϢղʱµ겨ʱ򣬾ѾԷô̽飬ҵۼ
Ȼ׻ϸתһȦƵĻص塣
īʥ
껤
ҡҡͷüͷɸƺҲЩš
ΪֻҪ̽飬϶ҵλ׻ʦû뵽Щ˵Ļȫϡ
ͣһ£īʥͻȻʲôڵļʦм
С⣡һ¡


1805 
öӦԷԱ֤ԷԾԼʵݡ
ȴˣʱ⡣
ոճֱʣȻǽļʦӵɡ
һλֱǿӵǵϡǵĦǡ
ȡ껤һۣ˳У
̧˳
˿̣Խ飬Խױ֣̹Ȼԡ
ϵݣװףҲ²̽
ǽ쵽ģ
īʥǰ۾ϰɨһ飬δκ⡣
ϣȻͣƬ̣ûʲô
üͷ壬мʦ¶֮ɫīʥһܣ͵
ţڲ̽һλʹڼ飬λֻҪû˼Բõġ
˵̽ڼ飬ͬʱ˿
Ȼʱе̰ģȴʵʵļʦڼϡ
˵ıȫīʥͬûκ쳣üͷĸŵλڼ飬һλ׻ʦˣ϶ûôϡ̽϶ȵıֻҪһˣֱܷݣ
˵ָ꣬һһԲڿУתɢĹâ
յλɣ
˵꣬ˡ
ã
Ⱥһʦ˳
ղ껤г֣λĦǡ
Բ·屻â֡
ˣ
һֳԲ֮С
ʮģ
϶ȳʮͲ׻ʦȥɣһλ
һۣ껤
һϵģﵽһ٣Ԫϣɱ䣬ͻֲ̫ںϵ
ˣֻҪ׻ʦ϶ȣҲ׳ʮ
ԼĦǲûκ⣬ת˻ȥ
ŵڶλʦ߹
ʮ
ͬ
λʮ
ֵ
һҲ˹
ʦ½û׻ʦδҲδˣ֪Լ϶ȵǶ٣Ȼ׻壬϶ӦòͨҪ͡
Բ·̱һĹâ֡

һּϷ
һ٣
ţϣ
īʥ껤ȫһ㶡
һ٣ϣֻͨʥµϣǰλΪȻﵽʥأôôߵ϶ȣ
ܹϣ˵Ǹû취뿪Ӧòǡ
īʥҡҡͷ
Ȼɻ󣬵£ʲôŶУһЩΪ档
Ͼֵλʵʵ׻ʦ׻֮ôܺϣ
顭
ˣȫ̽һ飬δ⣬īʥֻð˰֣С
ܿ죬ڵٶ˾ȫɨһ顣
ûһھʮġ
Ҳ˵֮ǰõϢһ֮У׻ʦ
ѵ´ˣ
üͷɸ
īʥҲЩɻˡ
ʹˣ֪ٴμ飬϶ڼ飬ֲЩʦǡ֮ǰͷ׻꣬״ðģ
ʥô죿
ꡢ̽飬죬Ҳûҵ껤ٴο˹
Ǽˣ֮ǰù
īʥ˰֡
ã
껤˼ͬʱеõĽȫ˹
Щʦļ۸ʮֽӽֻٲдġ
Ƭϵݣ껤ЦЦ
ͨˣѡιģ϶ǼʦеٮٮߣһЩͨĿʯҩģǺױʵ۸ġ
ʯۺôʦõ׼ȷ۸Ϊ120öƷʯˮʯ250öƷʯ
껤ÿһļ۸ϸ˵˳
īʥͷ˵Ĵ𰸶ɨһ飬ͻȻһͣסλϼʦĴ𰸣Ȼ˱׼
ʯһСɫ󣬳زͬ۸Ҳ֮껤õļ۸ǽٶλʦõĽںһƽóġ
ʮ־׼
ͨʦżȻ䣬һҲˣλϣöʯߡҩģȻͱ׼һģһЩˡ
ǰҲ֣ӦǼˮƽ߰ɣ
껤Цŵͷ
ųܡλϣǲǾǸղ϶ȴﵽһٵλ
īʥĿһ
ʦȻԼ֪۸񣬵ҲֻǸŷΧֺҲܣ׼ȷɣ
ʮûһʯĲ࣬Ѿﵽ˺ŵĵز
οԷ϶ȣﵽֵİٷ֮٣
ǣ껤Ҳ˲Ծ
λϼʦù
üëһīʥæ


1806 ˳
ܿ죬ϱ͵ǰ
һʮҳ˶Էƽ¼
ϣīʥ۾
ͨЩԿλϣȻǸļʦ𣬾Բô߳һο˵ʮΣ׼ȷ󣬾ͲԽ͵ˡ
ҪһץѶ
ݿһ飬껤ҲЩԾˡ
ãԹȥ
īʥĿһ
ӵ׻괫УְҵǰΪƵڶû˸˵һ
ɽֹ۵㳹״ơ
һͷֻвླ׻꣬ûֲ˵ּУȻ˳ߡڲླʱҲ϶㡣
ͬ׻꣬ѵԼҪǿ
Ǻ档
˼ķ䣬īʥ۾ڸղŵλϼʦϡ
λʦûκ⣬һֻҩģüͷһֻ֣ͣϡ
ֹʵʵļʦûκδ
ȱæⶫҸպм޷ȷȼҼһ£
ǰϴŵЦ⡣
λһע⵽ˣ鲻Խĳ˳顣
αװ޷죬ΪζԷһֱעϣ
ѵʲôط©
ɻȴû˿仯˵ͷð
īʥһһͳһĶġ
ͨƣһ֪Ǽķ弶ûʹã
ӹָһ㣬һ鼮Ժ
ƻߣʥ꣬ѡ
ȻǼʥôô᣿
һ㶡
ʥ͹ʥһ̺طܵѹȣ󣬼ڵʵҪ𣬶ҪѲٹ
Էӣּıȴᣬͨʥƣ̲סЩ֡
Ļ
ϸһۣһݡ
ƻᣬǶԷûоԵû
ԼȴˣֶΣ̽屦ԣѲɡλѾʲôˣ
ǹʥȷúŪ
мתҪóߵķȴ֣ԷԼôǶͺˣַ򣬾޿ܡ
ô
ϸƻߣīʥ΢΢һЦ˹
ӣҿʺɢԶʥûйʥôء
ͣδ䣬ʥ˵ϼʦʥˣ
С⣡һ£鲻䣺δȴص鼮˵ʥһСıһɴɽ
δ䣬Ц漴ܵĿռһŤһ˲䱻һ硣
ǺǣαװˣͲϼʦ
ǰ
ǻš
ļʦбͲȫ£ʥ𲻳˵ʥܽбķֺһۿƻ߼𲻵͡ϣֱ죬϶ˡ
īʥ˫ֱ󣬴ƶš
˵֮ǰЩɣ˿̿Կ϶ǰλǴߵλ׻ʦˡ
𲻳ƻߣǡԷʵ̫ˡ
ȻĿдžֺͻţľһ㲨ûУٿʲôҲͲʥˡ
Ҫ֪ʥ۷ǿߣֻҪߣ޲ݺ;ηԷȥƲӵҪ˵û⣬š
ǰ˵Ļһ㶼
ٴκˣдŻţȴˡ
ȻûҵѪȴҲû취ֻˡ
ɣ
ȥġšīʥһץռ䣬̱ܲһɾ޴ĻֿҪ
ӣ֮ǰ˿˿һ֣ͽ׻ó
ƣ
֪ѾûмαװıҪһ̳֣͵ǰȥ
˻
նѺۣռҲǱ˺ѣâīʥǰ
ȻǼϸ
īʥЦеƻ

֮ʱеڷ飬ǰߡˣһ˳ȥ
ͬΪʥļԱƻҪһء

ɣƻٴѹ̸еǱʱ
ƻߣʥǿߵ궼ѹοʵ
ְɣ
֪ٲͷŵƣŪûһһ鼮ڿУһƣ˳ֱץ˹ȥ
صƻߣƵ£˲û£ͱָ⡣


1807 ᳤
ʲô
鼮ƣһѾͽԼƻץסīʥͷƤը
еΣա
鼮еƣʵ̫ǿˣʵҲⲻס

ûͣЪ׻ü˳޴Ļ壬һ֣ռ̱ɭϢ֡
֣
һŭȣ羪ը죬׻һΣռƸǰץ˹ȥ
٣
ƺ׼һӺɨ
˻
īʥԴ޴׻꣬ζһ£ӿ׹䣬ֻһ£ˡ
ֱ۵ĺˣѴﵽ˵Ѫ۷壬ȫʢڵĳӹʶ˿īʥܺǿɲ˺ܴһء
ߣ
һе֣뽫λʥɱ˰֡
ɱһףһʹʥ߾ˡ
˲ΥһĿռѿһ϶һݣȥͼīʥĻٴվ
ī飬᳤
᳤
üͣɻĿ
µĲ㲻ˣʦ½ʦɣҲ׻ʦĻ᳤
īʥ
֪ңһ㶡
׻ʦĻӡ˵Լǻ᳤Ҳûʲô
ڻӡУǴѧ·塣
ѾѶң˵׻һٴµĻ᳤ǰʱԾʦõϢܻһ壬û뵽Ȼȵˣ
īʥ̬
˵
ӽο֪׻һʷ׻ʦ᳤ɱһ壬С
ʷʮأ֪Ĳ࣬Ϊ׻ʦʥ϶֪
ԣԼԾʦãԷ뵽㡣
ôʹ
֪׻ʦһʷһᣬͣӹܵķٴο
ӹ̫ǿˣֻҪţΌⲻסԡҹȡʣĶΧԷŽɱ
īʥ
ƻģ
һ
֮ǰ;֣Ӱټңͨ׻ʦϵһ壬ҵ˳ӹʵȷ٣
ʺǻȴû͵Ϯ˵׻ʦĴڣ϶֪
˰죬һеĸɣλīʥļƻ
ʵ˲֮ģҲֻǽƲˣ
īʥ͡
ţûʲˣնɱӹʻѾɱˡ
ɫأ
ȻͳʽӴĲ࣬һǸӣսˡ
ӹȻǿ󣬵зִ磬ţٵս𣬻һЩλŪãܾҲҪƴȥ
ؼǣͨҴϢӰټң֪ϵ壬͵й¶Ե׵ݣ֮ǰûɱӹʣкξٶһӹ̽
֪Щ֪ӹӵеƣδʺǻʣīʥ
εҡͷ
ѹ׻ʦ˼ɵʵ̫ǿˡ
ߣȻŪڹ֮䣬׶ò˼顣
ôˣزأ
еĸп׿ʵ
ʺǻʣˣڶûָƺڷңҲ鲻īʥ
ǡټЩʦҪʲô
ʵ
Ҳ̫µĲҪ񣡡īʥɫء
񣿡
ƼأƾȻָûǧ겻ɣΪ֮ƣֻм񣬻
񣬲Ǻͳӹһ𣿡
Ͳס
أͳӹʹϵǳҪҼ룬˵ƣŪãὫ䵱Ĩɱ
ûиģ۾УǺûʲô˭׼Ķ࣬˭׼Ķ٣Դǰȷǳӹϵҽ׼֪ûôôܶչˣ
īʥߡ
飬һḻ˲֪ٴˡ
˵ʼ׼ȷֵˣ϶֪¿УȻʾ
ȭͷһ
ģɡԷ˵ģֺе
ô˵Ҫٴμأʸ
ˣûƷļֵóȻ׼ԣеʱ䡭ˣ᳤֪ʹΪ£
īʥü
ѰѪ֪ʹУ
ʵ
֮ǰûҵλӦͿԳɹ
Ѫ
īʥɻ漴ⶫţҲ֪ʲôطʹϸ۲⣬϶ڡ޵ڣ
޵
۾
֮ǰƲģҲڿӦ׼ȷˡ


1808 ¹ʥ
Ҫ޵ҵѪʲô
ʵ
̫ף˺޵ң̫룡ֻ¹ʥܹʵľҲֻ
ͣһ£īʥλʥС͸ʣĵ£ȻֻһѪʵһȴӵţߵĵλ
üëһܲ취ɱˣ
ȻλԽ޵ͶԸϡһɱˣαװɶԷģС
һ壬սӳʵ£ɱٶ࣬û˿θа
ɱ
û뵽᳤˺īʥǳһ£¶֮ɫɱѣһʲǿܶ׷ɱѡ
ʶ¹ʥӳ̶ȣҪˣǶ
һ£ֻҪǰ׼ãûܹ֣
Ѫ͵ڶԷһʭӶ˲Ҳûʲôںˡ
ãھͰţ
˵ͷīʥһΣص

Ҳ˺ջأЩǰĿռһζٴοʦԼ໤ǰ
ղŶսһ۵ռڣˣ֪ʲô
ˣ
صīʥһ
ղŵ껤ǰһ
λϣҲˣףҪҵλǼ飬һܷŹīʥߵ
ǣ
껤æͷ
ȻλЩɣȻʥ鲻Ӧû⡣
ϼʦסպм֪ʲôпգۣ꣬īʥһ
ΪǰЧͣҵң
æ
ˡīʥЦЦٴο껤ڴһˣ鷳ɣ
Ȼᡭ
껤æͷ
һʦѣ߻ٶȣû̫Ӱ졣
ǺãϼʦڸҹȥǼ飬ǧҪʵ飡
Ը꣬īʥһץ漴еһշȥһ̣Ȼһ޴Ĺǰ
ʹĸȪȪۣʮ㣬ÿ죬¹ʥڹ̶ʱ䣬ȡˮغͳйأ
īʥ
Ž빬Ȼм䣬һȪۣķˮ
Ȫˮ峺͸ŨƷһڣԴ
ˮ
˵ͷ
ȪˮȻҺȴɣɾʣƵҩ֮ģܹӵиߵĳɹʡ
᳤ﶯ¾޵̫ˣīʥġ
ʥĸ֪ʮֿ£λ¹ʥΪߣȫ֣һɱɡһϢй¶ô꣬ǰ
ղŽ۵ռ䣬Ȼأǰ˶޷ҲǶûŴѶϢһݣס
޵ȷԶȲø󷨣ͲκϢй¶ˣ

󷨣ڡü
īʥü
ǲǵ̷ģǼѹ£Ҫǰ׼ͼͲ֪Ҫöáټϣסʥ󷨣ͶҪﵽż۷塭ǿľʦûһ£Ҳ
׼Щ̫˰ɣ
һṦͺã
֪ʲôЦЦڷתһȦָһö죬ͬʱڿУ
ȥ
һӡ

ţܷ˹ȥֱõܣζ˼£ʧ
ͺˡ
īʥɴ۾
Ȼûʦ󷨣ȴģһգ۹棬ˣ
᲻̫ϷЩ
þûַЩ
һΡ
ʱ䣬ˣ󷨵ԽԽǿȷܾûôֲùˣȻҪ죬ɡ
ַ衭
һ飬īʥƤ
ô죬ˣʱ򣬸ж죿
Щ̫˰ɡ
εĻ᳤̫װ
ô첼ó󷨣ǲһöûУлûס
⣡
ϸѯʣ漴˽Ųƺ
¹ʥˡ
һʱ䣬¹ʥȡˮʱīʥæ
߲ȻڱϵȫϢ㶯ֵʱٶ֣
Ҳ˽Ų
߲
֪Է«ʲôҩԷǻ᳤ȻҪīʥշԸ˵ָص㣬ȫϢڡ
֨ѽ
ЩŻ򿪣һߴӰ˽
¹ʥ
λʥҿһֱۣȪˮȥ
īʥͫһ
վԭһûҲûءԷûһ㣿
һɶʱϹģ


1809 Ŀ¹ʥ
𾪣æԶĻ᳤˹ȥһ֮£һ
᳤¹ʥףȴ޲һͬʲôû֡
󷨡
ٱҲôˡ
ΪߣԷֲˣпԭ᳤ôֻ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ʶӣҪ󷨣Σȴȵķ֣ɨ¹ʥûܵӰͺԷһ㡣
ۿԿʶȴ޷
ǡռ󷨣
ͫһ
׻괩󣬸ܽק۵ռ䣬˵Կռ򲻵ͣȻӸ
ʥ¹ʥû쳣ԼʶҲ̽鲻ѲɣȻ˴˵еĿռ⣿
ѹ˵ø󷨾ͺãû뵽ô
Цɣǲڴţ
֣
ڸпһɫһƻ߳ģһǰ¹ʥȥ
ûǰͼλʥһΣͨһµڵϣȻϾ˺
һ飬æȥͼ᳤ֳһаĳվԭأΣ˼û뵽һôһСģɱˡ
ţԷǹʥҪϢնɱҲǺīʥϣû뵽һ𣬾ʹ̴࡭
ֻһ£͹ҡ̨ʶûУҲ̫˰ɣ
¹ʥǹʥһѪĸ֣ôôױɱ
֣īʥҲһ
λദ֪꣬û֣սжǿȴ֪һ᳤ླԲּǿһս˵ùȥ
һ˽֡ôôϷ
ҪҪȥٲӣ
᲻бʬɣ
ɻٹ˲Σæǰһɨ鲻Խĳ鴤
λȻѾˣһۼû¡
֡
üģīʥ벻ס
ǹʥʦ½磬վ۷ĳһͱһ仰û˵ҽжû
ֻĸо
ѵǼٵģ
ҲɻĿ
ٵ٣Һλദǧ꣬ɻңҲϴ֮ԱһɱӦܵˣһʵʮ֮һ
ϸһᣬīʥ
ͨ۲죬Կλ¹ʥʮڴ˥Ϣ
һ֪˸㲻֣Ҳܻá
ǡǰʱ䣬żԷͣ˵Ҫͻƹʥڶءôһ¾ͱˣ
ô죿
оһᣬ֪ô£īʥֻεҡͷ˹
ץģȻѻ֪꣬ʵ̽ѪλãѾˣֻˡ
Ц
Ĺʥλ̫ˣ
õȥŶԷж͵ֵζû뵽ֱӹˡ׼˺öֶΣûа취ʩչֶţٵĸо
뷨ȥ¹ʥ֪϶ֱӿ޳ôķʽˣ
ҪҪҾȻһθ㿴
ҪҪαװģ
ȻȻν޵ҡҡͷһȫ죬ͬϢúſڵϵ¹ʥһģһ
ֽԼϣָҲȡָ
һۣīʥͷһ
Ϊֻģαװѱۣζû뵽ֹȡϢľ˵ĸоȫͬҪ¹ʥڵϣһΪû
ͨαװֻòƣľͬǰ֮˶޷ʶ
̫˰ɣ
¹ʥȡȪˮһ͵𾪣ʵ
ͨ޵ʲôطҾͲˡīʥæش
Ǿͺãպùȥ̽һ
۾һ
Ȼȥ޵ÿԹĽС
һץ¹ʥָУ׼õĺ«֣ˮ
Щһīʥһ˽ȥͺã
Էڱʼɵɽ޵Щѣں棬ԼһЩ
ȻŸսȥͿҪ⵽ɣ˷ˡ
̫Σˣ³⡭
īʥǵǡ
᳤ֻǲླԲʵ޵֪λʥڣһӶӲ
ģҪ⣬Ӧ
΢΢һЦ¹ʥʬս˴ָ
ʥһǱɲ˷ˡ
ͣһ£֪ԼڵݱȽΣȥȷ鷳īʥֻõ˵ͷ
˵Է᳤ݣ˵ʦ½ŵʦҪΣգͲԹۡ
ţ
ڶ˵һΣ߳˹ʶһ£ֱ޵ķλ˹ȥ


1810 Ѫҵ
֮ǰ׻ʹתһȦ󹬵ĲѼԺʱ䲻޵
ȡƣһӡ̧˽ȥ
ʵ޵ûʲôһԺӣֲï۵һƬҩ԰˸ָϡҩġ
ʶӣĿһȦü
ҩ԰ҩ֮࣬ÿһ̺ۻҩȴû֮ǰʥ˵۲ݡ
ѲɣѪͲڣ
αװǹϸӦδѪŵ·ǰ
£㣡
ǰУʶ̽飬һתͷȥͼһһɻĿ
ʮģ˫ۿЩǣϵϢǿɸһѹȡ
ʥأӰټҾ磿
һ˲˶Էľʵ
ڣʮλʥָиǳ˺üͷʥʬ壬ǵľ磬ָơ
ǰλߣòˣΪȻ¹ʥǿ
ǣ
˼ԺһţæͷҴ˹
ΪЩ죬üϸһۣ¹ʥдѹһ죬ǧܳǶҪͷأ
ţ
䲻֪Է˵ʲô˼˿̿϶ѯʣӦһڶԷȥ
ûҹ飬Ҳû֮࣬Ե쳣ڣһУǽһ磬ܵϢȫ
ǿķӡ
治ɫĻһܡ
ϳеϳ̻ĵǣӡˡ
ţʥصѪǿߣ¶޷ʵ
м䣬ǸԲεļ̳ϷһŻȼգһȦڼ׵ߡ
ȻǴʥǿߣϰ١
üëһ
ʥǿߣȻʥϡ٣ȴҲ۷ˣɱʮһˣּҲʮﾹȻϰ١
ʵĵô
ȪˮأԭطüŹȥ

һ«˹ȥ
ʲô
ֽӹһ
Űɣ

֪ⶫʹãһŴ϶¶ڣ統˦ƹ
ʱ£ԽҷţϹأ
ü
²ֵġЦ
ЦҪ֪ôţõϻ
㡭
˵֣˵Щʲô͸еһ̨ͣζ
ˡ
ɫһٹ˲ϺͶԷϻε«ϵƿһ

йȪˮʳż̳·γһĻơ
ܣ
ϷĻ棬ˮһӴͷų˵ȼյĸӾҡ
㿪ʼ
ǿ·ҫ۵ı仯һͺ
̳ܵʥȫˢˢָѪҺ˹ȥ
ˣ
ѪҺһӴȼյĸͣռ䣬ʼŤ
ʱŷ֣м䣬һʺѪҺڱͣգĳķ
ѪҺȭͷСһɲʵͣƣͣǻ
ˣѪᴿѪ
һһڶ
ǹزͣζ
Ѫ
һ
ΪҪѹȥѰңû뵽ȫѹ
ֻôΧţڼ̳м䣬Ҫ͵ߣܡ
ڸʲô
ȷѪɻ
ڼ̳ϣߵѪͻգԷʲô
ˣ£㡭
֣ߵٴ𣬼æתͷͼԷָһͬһξѪǰļ̳˹ȥ
֪˻ᱻɣҲæȡһѪҺȥ
̣
̳һѪҺǱһ㣬ɫףתͷȥͼߺʥǿߣҲȫļ
ѪҺܸѪҺ˵ľ񣿡
ͫһ
ףΪλ¹ʥ˺ɱˡ
ֻһѪҺ͸еήң˲٣һһֱ̳ͣ׾Ѫ˥Ĳˡ
״̬£ԼλΪȹʥһأһʥһļһ͵Ϯ֡Ȼһо˽֣û
Ҳ˵Է̫ң̫ǿˡ㣬ڲס

ߵľѪѪҺеΣ󣬺ʱƿն
ǡ
ǰһĻǹ̲Ǽ;ȵ𣺡ⲻᴿѪڡķѪѪһ𣡡


1811 Ѫ
𣿡ü
ڵȼѪҲžȵĲ𣡡
ǹ
ͷ
ʵʦ½ļӵЩƣѪԽԽģ츳ԽߣսԽǿ
֮ǰĵ֮࣬ȻдʵѪʮϡͼ֧ӵһֵһᣬ˲ųܲסһٳ
ǰȭͷСѪӦþʥ˵ģʥѪȻȵ޸Ӿ
ᴿѪҺͽѪЩƣǲģں˹ʥߵѪҺɾˮΪĿԳɹѪҺøӾһȼ
ǹǼ
£Ѫǲɵģǰôǿߣλʥ׼ܹɹ
¡
δ䣬ںߵѪҺѪԽԽǿƺƿزסƿնơ
ɹˡ
۾һǼæվ£Ͼͳɹˣ롭
룿
һܣһƷû֣һͷ
Ȼ˼룬ɴδֹ֪ΪΣҪǰ»¶ڣ
ϾαװҲˣܹɹҲڸڳӹˡ
֪ղѣԷѾЩˣ˿ƣ»֣ͣһ£ͻȻɫһ졣
ۣ
һѪ˻ζһ£̱ڵء
㡭
û뵽λ¹ʥؼʱֲ̣סĶ£½һ͵Žܳͷɣ
˵꣬üһ

գ۹Ϸһ
꣡꣡꣡
Хڼ̳Χϰλʥǿߣն
ͬһʱ̣ϰٸԴѪʣ̳ӿ˹ȥ
üëһ
ϰٸʥǿߣֱնɱѹָղҲԭ׼
湻ݵģ
ˣ
ѪҺ̳ϵ·һҵĺâ£ڡ
ΰҵ׼ֻѪøӾ
ߵ
˵ԣһֹĪ⣬͸ĵɭС
Ը
âһ
æ͸âϿȥҪǲأȴ֣ûаӰҲЩŮ
¡
âȻʢһֶ£Ѫڹâ£ͣ䶯еǵõ˴̲ȻһȦۻǿ
ߣ뽫Ѫᴿ飬ɣ
Էô˵׼ȻΪٻ顣

ǿѪҺȴԽԽСղźȭͷ£Ƭָֻ̺״С
ȻСˣɢȴԽԽۻ룬һѹ֮Уһ磬ʱƿնȥ
ָоϸܹһΡ
ӵʦ½Ҳܲסֻת뿪
ԣǰѪҺѾͻ˵Ѫ磬ﵽ˸߲Ρ
ˣɣƽӡܸһֱӳʥء
Ǽǹѡ
Եȣɢȥٶ֣
ҲɫǺ죬
ţܹǹͿˣζû뵽պ϶Է׼Ѫļ
ѪǹһɣȻԾһž춯صı仯
ʱֳֳǹʻָ۷壬кξ壡
ǿߣҲһǹ֮
ѪҺҲҪȥźãȻһŭɲԳסġ
ţ
ǹæͷ䣬Ǽ
ȽʥûֻԵ
ҪҵѪҺʵϲϿʦͺ˿϶Ҳսˡ
¡
˴Ĺ򣬿Ϣˮʧּ̳ĹâҲ𽥿ʼɢ
еѪ˿ֻ̱ʣһΣʺƻʱӼ̳ʣʧӰ١
󷨵СҪߣȴ
ɹˡ
۾һ죬Ǽ
˽ӽһ£ɣ̸еһʱˤڵء
ӭʡ
ȭͷһ
ˣʱ򣬿ȥ
Ҫӭʣɫһ䣬һһ֣ѪҺ͵ûԼķˡ
һģǹ̴˳ȥ
ƺҲ֪龰Σٹ˲϶˵һɫĹ̳˹ȥ
㡭㲻¹ʥ˭
ŷӦɫһ䣬Ҳ̲ס͵ǰץ˹ȥ

ʥǿ壬ڿγһϣǹ档


1812 ʳ
ƣ
סǹɫһ䣬ٹ˲ݣ̧֣˹ȥ
ȻǹʥӰټҾǿߣΪᴿѪļʵѴǰֻһ£γɵϾͱ˺ѿ
ۣ
Ѫ߲ˣ۾ó죬ٴ
ӿǹУȻʱڣ岻Ѫǰ

û뵽һˣôǿŭɫٴ
ֻҪһɱˣԷγɵȻͻɢ
ߣ
֪ṥǰ
˿ģĶͷ˳գ۹գâֶ
ǼȻûﵽʥȴﵽ˰벽ʥ۷壬żǿĴߺЧһ͸еǱЩʩչ

һͷʥͻأ֣һȭӭ
Ǳˣͷʬ塣
˻
ֻǸʬ壬޻ˣӵ˼ǿսһȭ֮£ռըѣɫ˿ʱ˺ķ顣
ۣ
ڶѪӿ߱ˣҲֲסɶˤڵϣӣʱڣ޷ˡ
ȥ
£µķӡ˺
ǣ
ǹһХǰȥ
գ۹Ѫǰ޴ĹſھͶѪҺҧ˹ȥ

ѪҺϽڵʱж˲䱻ֱڿһѪҺҲеβ
ˡ
ͫһæ̧ͷ漴һӰ֪Ӻδָǰ
ǰĿռĶ
ʣ
ʣȻʱˣȻɫЩףûȫָϾǵѪ۷徳ǿߣǹֵס
λȻ壬
סռ䣬üëһ¶ŭ⡣
ǹЩǱ־ԵĶ˿αװ¹ʥģһ˳
Ҳ˵㣬ˣְɣ
Է֣һԼǿĵƼ˳
֣֮һֻƴ鼮ָһ
˻
Ŀռ䣬ľ޴ͼæ£
꣡
ݶһζȴδѪ̵
徹ȻǱʣķԽԽˡ
һĶ𣬽һ欵ӰڴڣղǵѪҺָת
Ȼڹɵ˲䣬Ѫˡ
ǸŮӣʮңһΪɲ⣬֮ǰһͬﵽ˹ʥӰټҵľ硣
üͷ
Ͳ³ʵ޵кüλʥû뵽ô졣
ѪҺ
֪ʱ䲻ˣһӣͶһӵΣգæ
ಣ
֮еƣֳѪҺŮӣץ˹ȥ
һץ֮£ռŮӵ壬ֱӱ޷
أ
ɫһ죬ֻһ£Ůӵɶ

û뵽ǿŮָһѪҺʷ˹ȥ
һΣǰץ˹ȥ
鼮еҲƿץ
߾޴ܵ󷨳ܲס׷ѿ
ʲô£
ںս

һ˲䣬ַλʥŮһͬΪӰټҾ磬Ȼߣ֣Ͳһˡ
ϾҪѪҺУ˿λʥ£޷ǰֺ·𱻶ԭһ㡣
ת
˵ų⣬ҲѪҧһץ
ˣ
ڲúõ󷨣תâգ۹򽫺ڡ
ϳΪ˲õķĺ󷨣˲֪꣬ȻѾָ˵Ѫ۷壬ɶʱƿ
һѪᴿѪҺܱ˶ߣ
˱ס˿һһץѪҺģɢ񱩵
ٴһ㣬̾η֮ǱĨȥǡ
һſھҪȥ
˼أ˸⣬ò˶ãͻѪȫԻָǰһ
ҵġ
û뵽󣬻Ǳһߣǹæ˹ȥ
ݺһײóʴ˸Ѫָ䲻µ䡣

üëһһ
žણ
ܵסһͷڵϣҳһӡ
ߣ
ķǹٴһץѪҺ𣬸У漴еָһƺз绮
æͷѪҺȻʧ
ʲô
ͷƤըæ̧ͷ绮ķȥ漴һ«֪ʱڿУһŤ̽ѪҺȥ


1813 īʥ
㡭
ֱˡ
Ҳԭأоͷ޷Ӷ
«֮ǰĶ̷ʯһֱڽָУһһôͻȻܳ
һѪҺˣ
ǽǹĹؼˣ޷Ѫ⣬޷ƽӡƾһ˵ߣŪû
ѪҵѪ
ˤڵϵǹͣζʳζ̫ͷӲϵȥ
ɱƽӡĹؼһ«ˡ
㲻û
ôȥģ

̷Ѫ«Ťһ£˸ãһΣٴ˹
Ѫҡ
ʴ˿̷Ӧ˶Ҫˣһץĳ˹ǰĿռ̮һƬ
ǰһڡ
ʥ֮Ľ棬ڵʵѾ޷ˣԣû뵽ȥѪҺ
һֱһԹսһ᲻ãתӣ˭֪«ѪҺͳԼ˳ѳˡ
ʲôʲôԹ
ĺڵ׼ʯң
вһΣҪݱܷâ˭֪ûߣǰһ«Ѿ˵˸ĵط
㡭
Դըˡ
ʱٹ˲ȥҺ«鷳żѪתʱͬʱʩչǰܣգ۹˸ǰ
ԳʣĿǰΨһ׵ľֻһˡ

ѪҺĺ«ܵǰʧ֪϶һֶΣĶ£˫ſն¡
Ǳգֻе彩Ӳ鲻ԽԷƷȥһ㡣
ˣ
ٹ˲Ϻʣλʥ֣һֻƣ鼮з˳һץסǰһֻ֣鱾һһȱȫĹǼܣ˳
ǩԼ˺һɣΣҲҪ¶Է

Ǽһ̨֣ģ۹͵ѹȶ
֮뿪˹Ǽܵս˲٣಻ͳʵĹһ̵ɶ
ʣǰʵܲη廹ûָĺˣ˿ֵ̡ס
˹ȻܵסԷ˿ʶæڵ̲סǳ⣺㲻ǴӦҲ뵤𣿡
֮ǰ«ʯƵöԷӦӵ뿪ζû뵽ؼʱˣ
ҡĽ
ʲô
ҪǷӦ죬żѪû
Ҿһᡭ
Ťƨɣ«һ¿ˮ̵ģ
ҧ䣬ͻȻеһѪٴתǰС
䣡
뿪ԭأ֮ǰվĿռ䣬쫷缤ռγɵನڼһһѪ
æתͷ漴ղΧ˵ͷʥ֪ʱڲԶ
ͺ˶սǿܿⲻסһླԲɱˣͲûˡ
ʱ䷨򣿹Ȼļһ
һλʥ͵Ϯ֣ûɹüͷ壬ٴһ¡
һλҲ֪󲻵ãͬһȭ
ȭƻûǰܵĿռͳŤ׹˼֮У㶼㲻
ҵˣ
˴˿ȫֵ󷨵ĳʣ覾ˣҧһ

ͷʥʬ̳ǰȭƵǰ档
ӹʺΧ˴սû˺üʬ壬ȻʱһֱˣûüʹãǴ´ġ
أأ
ͬʱʬϣ䵹ɶһ١
üһ뽫Ψһһ֮ᣬͷʥһһٵķ
һϢϯͬȥ
᳤ߡ
ڶīʥ˲Ծ׻壬˽
ӡ
ʹڵͷʥʥʬ嵲ס˿˷˳뿪ٴתˢˢ
׻תһӭϡ
ʹڼ£īʥҲû뿪˹ķΧ
ǵѪǿߣλҪǿֻҪû֣Ҫסܡ
᳤Ѿ󷨿뿪ҵסλ
ܿ콫ͳ޵Χīʥæ
ǹͺ˻棬뿪ǾӲˡ
һΣͣԭء
ǹˣҲʺסʱ벻ԼҪˣŪã޷
Ѿʧͷʥʬˣʧ


1814 
ǡսܿͻᴫȥһڵʥӾͲˡ
īʥż
£ʥλδסղ赲ܲ˿̣й¶һ
ʱߣͺˣ
׻ʩչȻʵǿôǿΧסӹҲ㱻ɱο
дŽţ³һӣҲˣô󣬸Ѳ
ӳʹҲûãǷΧǽϣҲ˸ָ󷨣ߣҲᱻץ
ңӳǣʮλʥ׷ɱӵδ
ô죿
֪˼īʥ
˼һ£㵲סʮʣµĽҡ
ʮ
һ£īʥջǵ˵ͷã

תܵ۳Уīʥλʥӭȥߵռһѡ
һ߶սħʥһתͷ᳤뿴ʲôõİ취ͼڿУϸ֣ܿǰǧ졣
գż죬õ˲٣ǰǧﵽ
㲼ڲü𣿶ҡ
ԷľٶīʥһΣûӿеȥ
Էʵղżʶˣȷǿ󣬿ɡ
ʹ
ַѲˣ󷨲ãһУôš
˵ʮһλʦһʱ䣬Ҳδܹɹ
ٸ֮У󷨣ѾںˣҪļ֮󣬾ɡ

𾪻ûͼڿе꣬裬ܼ
ǧö죬ͷֱʹܣʧ
ˣˣ
Щ˿
ã
īʥæ˹
ҪߣʣλʥԸٴˢˢ
أ
ʱмĺ
ʣʲôˣƳ
ΰæ֮ǰӦĶһҪɲ֮˵˵
һӶ漴ǿѹȸУ
λʥͬʱʹϿա
ϻҪģˡӦǵľһʵ֣һκ鶼Ҫᡭ
ҧ
Ȼڵ󷨣ܿ˹Ǽܣ֮ǰƣʵ̫ˣ˿ѾЩġ
ȥ˹Ǽܲܣƿ϶أŪãֱ䣡
ԣۻѶĴۣҪЩһסȻͷԴˣ
ǣѪᴿѪҲƣҪָ֪¡
ף
λʥͷ˹ȥ漴ںλʥսīʥͺˡ
ѾӲˡ
ʱ䣬ôʥǰīʥĵһء
Ըղλлߣǰô࡭Ѿˡ
ҹģȻȷӲ
ɫף΢΢һЦ
һ²óô죬ӵͼݣޣɸеƣ
ǣ
īʥס
ˣ鿪Ц
ɻ˵ġ
ǾǰʵЩʥӹʵѣδǱ壬͵Ϯˡ
Ѿ˷īʥ̧ͷеһӰ
£á
˵ϸһλʦ㶯֣ɱˡ
δ䣬ʽ
ղŻԷһѾܲôˡ
ЩˣЧһ룬ǣ棬һӹŵ˸ĺôܼܲԦͲ˵ˡ
ʦ
Էʦһʥɫһ䡣
ʦʣ̫ǣǿ˰ɣһɱ¾ŨʵʵѪʦ˵ĳڣ
һЦת
һ˲䣬ɱ¾֮ڿӿѪ֮ߣֻǿ
⡭
ôɱ¾ܹαװ
αװǿ²ûˡ
λʥɻ
Ҫһ㣬ɱ¾Խ˵ѪԽߵȣǰλľȣǶҪǿʦ
ɱ֮ǰӦ飬˫
λʥɣƺ˶ԷĻҧ
ã˭֣
λʥĿһ
һദ֮ʦ½Ȼ߽ͬأǡûй
еֻ档
Էǳӹʵˣʦ˵ν
ʴӦĶһǳӹ޷ġ
ȻˣԻʲôɿǵģ
û˭νˡ


1815 
¡
ϯѹ
ʥ֣ͬУǰѷ죬ǹһڣռͬ۳ֺɳϣ̻ɢ֮ء
īʥŵһɫɷףߡ
ĳֺϻķȻд
£Ѫ۷壬δصסο
ţ׻ʦᣬڳ᳤ֻһԽָݣˣʸ»صʦ½ζûϵһ˲ףϣҪ䡣
ʲô£
æԷǰסƣҪܹȴԷҡҡͷֱһ˦
úã
ɻ漴꣬һı顣

ͷƤ顣
׻ʦʲô£һ׵Ļ᳤
ƵĿҪըջǻٴץ˹ȥûԷӴͼ˫־𣺡գ
¡
ɫڶԷƵλϣλδһɷ۳һʥγɵĹϷ벻ֵĵطֳݣӿ˹ȥ
ǡ󷨣
ܵ޴סīʥæ¿ȥ漴ʻʹڵзͬʱͬ󷨣ͬһʱת
Ϸγһε֡
ԷĹǱգٴλ۵֮С
ǡǿ˶Է
һīʥˡ
ʥϹǿԼһҲ뵲ס
ǰ꣬⵲סˣ⡭ղʮڲó󷨣
ô󷨻£óһ󷨣ͺܲˣõĴ󣬾Ȼܽȫںһ𣬷ӳǿ
Ѿˣ
ƣ
ȥλ׻ʦ𾪣˫ȥ
Ϸ󷨣̽Էոչ»޴˷ȥ
⡭
ˡ
ʥȻҲû뵽ԼϹԷƽ⣬ұԱ֮ʩһɫףٴ¹
¡
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ʹ󷨣ܷѪ۷弶ǿߣ˿󷨣Լ˵Ĺһ·󣬼֣ⲻס
ˣǹߡ
һ֣δתͷںͳսĺˣкһ
ͬһʱ̣ٴͷųһڹ⣬
ڹն󷨵ľһΣ˳ʵѹƣֹٴһץϵǹͷʥʬ壬ץ˹
ߣ
Щٴһеδƿռ䣬ˡīʥͬ͵һУգ۹ʧ
ס
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㻹оһ£ΪƿĻ󷨰ɣ
ӲƴĻǶˡ
ʥһ
ȻõԷеĶ˵ĻԵòʧ
ˣԷһˣǾͣǴ򲻹Էɵ
ߡ
ɫף֪ԷֻˣǴܰæһ£ͺܲˣҪðΣգ£ȷɡ
壬ͺǿҲչ꣬ʦ½ʮɣһֱûɹҪԭ򣬾ǡÿһ̫˽ˣ
ϲһ
˵ߣټЩߣҲһʦһ־ɳǣŽһģһֱڴˡ
ȻҪĻǣȱһǿ˶Ļߣ֮ǰĺһ
ӹʾ嵱һˣȴҲǿ̫࣬û
ȡһöҩȥɫ΢ָһЩ·󷨿ȥ
ʹ󷨣Լȱ˲֪ѪķѶŲóģָֻ֮˵ĿƣôǼһָӣֵסʥ
ұ˸ǿ
һۣʲôָһһѪҺڿС
󷨣ƵĹؼѪֻҪʩչѪȻܳƿأ˳
ˣ
ѪҺ֣·󷨹Ȼζһ˸мۡ
뽫ƿγɾ޴ٴβúʹ·һһζ漴һ޴ҪĤը顣
¡
ۻĴʹĽһɲǼ䣬ܵ˾޴Ĺȫɻҽ
·󷨣ȻơԱˣ


1816 в«
ҵĻʹ
գۼɷĻʹҲûסһѪ
汲ѪŲĵطըˡ
˭ܸңʲô
ʡ
֮ǰīʥսλʥ˹һɫףղű˵λļһ²ǧö졭Ȼ󣬻ʹڵĴ󣬾ͱˡڱըǲҲģ
²󷨣
һΡ
ʹǣַģٸСһ󷨣д̣ܵסӹʼֱ֣ƻĳǰκα
ټˣӹҪ׸
ϽЩʦıȫù
Ŀһҧ
£Щ׼ȷֵûȷɫ׵Ĺʥǽ
һڣʵȷˣǼҿȻɱ
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ٷϻȫҹѾûʱˣڴһ
ŭȡ
ѪߣֻʹðյֶΣȻò׵õʤɹܼܲأ治̫
еλʥǴӦ֮ˣҪûз֮пȽԵģǣ
ǡ
һУɫ׵Ĺʥһ£յ˵ͷһΣȥ
Ҳġ
һȭͷ

ˣ
ǲ֪Զĵطռһζһѷ֣漴ˤڵϡ
᳤
һͷ׻ߣҿ˿־Ȼ˳Ĳ˼飬ٴοϵ꣬Ǿ塣
ֻǲླԲȴôʥߣֵ췭ظ
Ҳ
أ

׻µľ⵽͵ϮԣרſһСռ䣬ǷС
īʥЦЦ
ŷָ֣Ȼһ۶ɵĽָ

ͨǰīʥ׻꣬һΣ˽ȥ

۾ˡ
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һģһѪ³
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Ҫܸǹ̷Ļߣȫʹɱ߽߳ʶпܣһǹ
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һ«úţѪֱ̡û԰
Ȼֻ֮һΪʵļ½ɢǿѹһǹ˳
̷ɣܲܽƽӡ
˵㣬ܹʤޡ


1817 ǹͻ
ǣ
Ȼʣ˵㣬ǹǼٴλſȥ
ѪҺڣ޴̻ζڱʣϢӣʱƿڵǵӡָʥ
֪ѪͻƷӡҪһʱ䣬ᣬٴοǰĺ«ɻ
ΪǸ𲻸ߣû뵽ǵԵǣ˵ԣܴѪҺ
ǵ㣬˵˾Ƿ
ѵǸʥߡʥ
Ҳ̲סʵ㡭ʲô
Ȼһﵮǣ֪Լݡ
««Ť
ͷߡôһ˵̲סҪأ
ǿסεĳ嶯ʣʲôı
ͣһ£«Ҳ֪
֪
ֻʶСǸӡҪԺܶණָܻţԣֻҪ㹻Եģһָ֪ʲôˡ
«ͣζƺпˮ

ҵĵأ
Ų
ѾһԹʯ֪ʲôģͲ˵ˣѪǹʥصıʶƴȥŵõġ
ɣֻǻָ
˴Բѡˣ
ŭ֮ҲЩ档
ֵֶһԡһﵽʲôĹ
ѹʥԳ֣ó۵ռ䣬ꡭ
£ô򵥡
ŪãǼھ̥Ķ
ִ̽һ£Էʲôȴûγ鼮
Էʶѣͼ޷ɹġ
ǡʩչ似Ĩɱһʶ
գҡҡͷ
ʲôǸУȻЩ̫ס
ˣϢɡ
֪ʲʲôü˵սָ֮ǰѼʥʬ壬ȫ˳
ʥ֮ǰƵʬ壬ѾѺۣôܹʹˣʣ¼ͷóû
׻һһͷӰټ۷徳ʬϡ
ʱ
һ
ʱȫƳ޻ˡ
һͷʬ壬ǿĹʥ۷壬ģһ۷壬ǣ֮ǰľ棬Ҳ˻ˡ
ʬ壬˿ͿܲܵĿռŤͬ꽵١
ǹʥ٣ǹҪͻˡ
īʥҲֹͣվ
ȥȻʱѾѪ⣬ڵƬŹâһ֮С
⿪ӡҲ٣
ɻ
ǹǹʥֻǱȽʥӡѣڽ⿪Ϊλƽ٣
⿪ӡʥȥ󷨽ơɱҲ˵ڵǽ⣬ǡͻƣ
īʥ
ͻƣһ
Ҳԡ
ӡǹδͻƵҪǿѪѪ⣬ͻƵʥ磬ʮ
ڹʥ֮ǹʥܱӡڿ϶Ҳֶ̺ˣҪԼ
˽̸֮Уٳ׽٣һ𣬷׷׹䣬ڿԳһȥ޴УͣƬԽԽҫۡ
Ƚʥľܸոͻƹʥ磬ȴĵ̣һ˵Ѫ磬ҶҪǿ󣡡
˿Ҳϳǹīʥ̲סп
ȽʥʦսһˣǹǱΪϹʱڵһǹȻͬѰ
ȻǸոͻƣĵֱ̣Ӵﵽ˵Ѫ硣
ܽ⿪ķӡͻƣ˿־磬ա
ѵȽʥ£ӡΪΪ
㣬ͻȻһ
Ҫͻ˹ʥǹ⿪Ϊһܽ߾ˡ
ҲȽʥĳԣ
ѹ˵ѹŲҪżͻƣŻߣˣ
ͻƹʥһΣһεĺôĴԽ࣬ɾҲԽߡ
ʦͳΣϵʵ
ǹ֮ǰһΣ˿̱ӡΪһγһںϣȻᱬ˵ս
ȻƽӡʥأڡҲ㹻ˣ
ǹĿ£ԽԽ΢ƺʱҪɹ۾Ź⡣
ǹӵ˿ȵѪ۷˿̵ĺ˶˿ԼһʹãѪη壡
ʣҲú£ɵˡ

ɢɽϣڿŤ壬գ۹һǹ˹ǰһ̬ȹ
ˣ


1818 һʥ
˵ͷȥһץ
̸еһǹӳƺһ̴ܴռ䣬Զ硣
֮ǰǿ󲻿ƥеĹʥ˿̣УһǹͿԴһ
֪ʥסĵطĸ򣿡
ǹ֣սⱩǣתͷһīʥ
ʥһ棬ͳӹʾϳһסڣսĸ
֪Ϊʣīʥһ£
ģ䲻ˣȴȶԷ֪١
⸽̫ˣȥϳһЦ
ǹĿģΪ˽һѱڸǾ˳ˡ
⡭īʥһ᣺˵һƢ̫ãʲô
Լ᳤˼ά⣬ͻȻҪһʥΪ£
һȱһͷʥ޳裬պùȥһѱˡ
ЦЦ
ѱ
īʥ
Էʥ޵棬곽ӹʶûҪѱЦİɣ
᳤Ǻѱޣô򵥣Ҫʱ£飬ܣ۷
Ҳ̲סȰ
᳤ǺֶҲܶ࣬ȱǣһһ
ʥ棬ҪôѱҲóӹʶͷˡ
֪ȥԣ֪һɹ
ýͣ΢΢һЦ
ðɣ
᳤Ҫȥīʥٶ˵ȡͼȷ˷λָһʥԼʥ޾סĵطھʮĵط
ʮã
һЦǹһ
˻
ռһͨһݣ˽ȥ߰ɣ
īʥϡ
ͨѾʮ֮⣬漴˿һߵĴɽȻʥޣС
ʥޣʦ½ʥޣֻܵѪµӰ죬۾죬ײб壬Ҳӹ졣
ɽзеʥޣֶˡ
ȥ°˵ǰݷûʥ
ͣδӲתͷ
˵ͷīʥһһŰָ˳ֱǰĻɽӶȥڿУɢ쳹ɽȡ
׻ʦīʥ᳤ǰݷûʥһ
¡¡
û뵽ͻȻ˰ݷã֮ǰշеʥޣͬʱתͷ˹ڿУˣơ
ǱӹʸϵƬ֮أͳԹޡ
᳤û˵īʥ廹Ǻܴġ
ڱչŲͣλذɣ
һͷླԲʥޣ˹
ͣ棬ǶιкϢʥһ壬мЦЦ
ϢླԲʥЦǳˣĻʲôϢ뿪Ȼǲˣ

зʥޣͬʱΧɱڡ
ˣԷǾ裬ɫ䣺Щ죬˵ӹʱնɱʡǻ壬Ѿˣ
жţ
ླԲʥ޲֪ΪλͻȻ˵ͣһ£
ȻǱϵƫԶڣһôıʣһЩϢ
ӹʱɱ֮ǰصԼȻԲأʥһعʱѵλһӶֻ֮أûпɿڵʳϡʥһ壬¶ʵɣ
Ц
⡭ླԲʥޣ˵
Է˵Ĳ
ûпɿڵʳҪϡʥ޽ͻյĳɾҲܵơ
ʱڣʲôʱ䳤ˣ˥һ壬ûз
֪˾ͽ˵ЩԼ֪Ϣ棬ǲȻо
ֱ飬ٽͣǰ˰֡
ã
֪Է˵ģʥһ壬ȷлʱ壬ͷླԲʥޣƬ̣յ˵ͷ޴һתֱɽȥ
뿪һЦ
ҪѱԷҪȼ棬ȻҪмɡ
˽ӽʱͷʥ޲Ż˹޴צǰһ죺룡
л
ٶ˵˽ںǰȥ
ǰɽȷߵģֻһЩϡֲǼ̣ľҩģûС
ʯǲǵɳĮ
ɽûϪˮҲԵЩȷʺ档
ߵʥޣҲһɫ
ͺʦ½һ߼ʥ޹ȥʱˣҲήΪ֮ǰ
ǿҵӢ䵽ĹµͬúҰһ
УȺ򡭡
ܿһ޴ɽǰ棬ླԲʥޣͣ
ã
Ҳ˵īʥڷ˹ȥ
ûǰ͸еһȷƺҪ˵ͷս


1819 ҵ޳輴
ʥı壬ͷޣҴ壬ͻƼޣ˹ʥ硣
ˣڣ⡣
ǰһīʥͷϿʼð
׻ʦηľȵҪǴﵽ˹ʥ𣬿϶û̫Ǿͻᱻ뿪
᳤ȥһ֮£ٴ
ԷֻǲླԲȵȴûκθоһ
˵ˮǾȻͬʮȹ̣û˿ģ
֮ǰԷ϶ȴﵽһ٣Ҳ̲ס᳤׻ꡭȣ
֮ǰҲ£ͣһ£չѾʲôˣ
գ㡭׻꣬գһΣīʥ۾Ҫĳ
Ҫѵû׻ꣿɻ
Ӧûʲô˵İɣôԷ⸱飿
ߣžģ׻ʦͨǣҽα桭
˿ĭīʥ͡
ҽ⡣
ġīʥϸһ顣
׻꣬ԣǿгٵĻױճɻҽˣﵽ񲻻Բͨһλǿߣ֮ϣα
ˣҲţɱȴٺ⸱ȥȻὫĹαϣԶԷĻǣԼɹ˽
ֶɽٵķȻܣȴܸõı֤׻ʦ׻ʦһ´ģĹ·شأû֣ˣ
Ƕǽǿߵɽ١»᳤ᣬ˵īʥ͵
ɽ٣ȻΣС˺ֻܶ࣬м񲻻磬ȥǿߵҲʮΣաɣҴһ׷Ժ׻ʦʽⲻη棬֮ĴҲ̹Ȼԣ
ͣһ£ָһ㣬һ׹ݹȥ
ĺҲ·׻֮
ȻΪ׻ʦ᳤ְҵΪͣûʲô

īʥΪ⣬Ժжķʱ͵һ𣬵ĶЩˡ
Ϊʥо׻һӣȻɣ᳤ڵ׹Ҫ׻˥಻
֮һ֣ҪٵԼΪĳ嶯
ˣ㹦еȱݣ˵ǸĽ顭
ƺ뷨ٴεȥһ׷ݹȥ
ݣīʥٴμĲ
Է֪ȱʲôطһÿһֱָҪ޷
ԤڵȱݣܿȱѪ۷壬׾٣
ֻǲླԲȴһۿϵȱݺ©Ҵεķ⡢⡭
ٴο꣬īʥ֪˵Щʲôˡ
֮ǰ֪λ᳤죬û뵽ô죡
Ѿеڴ
𺳣һڶīʥ˵飬ɵ棿
æ̧ͷͼһͷʥһƬȵϿգɫһƣ峤ʮףɢ޴ѹʵȫʢʱڵĳʣ˿
ѹ֣ܹͳһ壬ͳӹʽа塣
īʥ֪һǿīʥװ󣬹ȭ̬ȹ£ǻ᳤˵հ
᳤ҪôҪ˵֮ǰɵĻ˿̸ոտ˶ԷڵķоȻһ˿ڴ
λܽͷһѱ
Ҫˣ׻һ壬ӵиȨ߷Ҳηˡ
壬ûй򣬿ʵ
ʵǿ
᳤һֻвླСޣ
ʥ޴ͷ­ת˹һۣЦ׻ʦʦܿôʲôʱļһΪ᳤
ʥҿԣǻ᳤͵ں׻ʦԣīʥɫһ
ŶǵĻ᳤
ʥһ£ٴοôƽƽ棬ûκ⣬һߣѹסĵɻ󣬿ѯʣߵ飬˵ˣһĻҺͳӹʽ֣֪һֶΣܾɱ
ңһ壬ҲֹλߣȫˣߣҪȥŪãͬ⵽¾ȻīʥΪף˵˵ɣʥһع飡
ܼ򵥡
΢΢һЦҵ޳輴ɣ


1820 սʥ
䣡
ɽζڣͣʥ˫д˵һ飿
Ҫʲô
īʥæǰ
᳤ôֱӣҲʼδȻԶԷΪףȻʲô˵ʲôˡ
˵׻ʦ겻ʦӶʦɱȫ壬ӵΪǸ˵ڿӦģ
ǰһĴʥٴЦϵҪռ˺Ƭ
ǧ꣬һΣ˸ܹ˵ҪΪ޳裬ĳӹʣ˵˵һླСӡ湻ģ
ѵһ٣ڣ
׻ʦʲôֲ๣
īʥߡ
𣿡
޴ͷ­˹һ⣬㸲£īʥͫһ˫
أ
ƶīʥ³һ޴ӣ˼ʮ
û뵽һ˵־ͳ֣û˿ףīʥĿҪըһͳڰɽڣʱಣͬҪϺ
׻ʦ»棬ѧ˻᳤ָķѹȸѾʧսҲδػ䣡
ɣ
ûǰīʥͣԶȻһ衣

ǰҸǰĻʥҴΣ
ʥҲشֻǽ
īʥûȴ˵ţʵǿ߰ޱȣ˿ȴĵλķԸ϶Ź˵ֶΡ
ҵĶԼܼ򵥣սˣңҵ޳衣ӮˣҽӹʴԴӦʥ
һЦΣòʵ㶼ӭսɣ
ߣ
ʥߣ޴צ˹һ£׻ʦ᳤ֶΣ
䣡
צµĿռѿʵʣڵλãȫ
īʥȭͷϴŽ
ԷеԿ⡣
ѵλʥǧδΪٴˣ
ǽ˵
𾪹󣬺ܿ׹
ǶԷʵ˶٣Ϊﵽ־磬һ˿ͻƣˡ
֮ԿǿҪΪԷɽڣҵûޱƷӵĸ졣
˵״̬µĶԷȻǶ֡
ܹ
սʤ᳤أ
æȥ漴᳤һЦһǹġ
̤ͬƶУӶңϷгǹһǹһ˲һľϷצͳ˹ȥ
䣡
ڿУһ̵УɽУ˵ѺۣʯϷ¡
ǡ
īʥ͡
Хֻ鼮п˵ܷĺУ飬ܲסһ֮ͻᱻǣ÷񲡣
ǹǸͻ
ѪôֺᷢУ
⣡
𺳣ĻʥƺҲţ鲻Խĺ˼¶Ȼ
ûѪûбϵѹȣһϷ֮ʴ壬Ѻֵۣ

һˣ漴Ϳǰĺ޴βͽ·ңͬ쫷γʮһ
ҡԴſ壬ǺվԭأгǹתǹĿٽ£һڽ£ӿ
ҵĵطҵĶԸң̫ˣ
û뵽ԼսԷãҷӳǿսʥִıӣһŻ棬˫һ̤
ˣ
һɫĲܵȥҾ֮һӴ̷׷ѿ»ҺΣ׹·
طǧ꣬ĵػҽǧģȻʱڣ˶ԷָӣֻҪԸ⣬Ϊƿء
𣿡
ǹ΢΢һЦΪԷƿҶеɥŨš
ʥٴοû֮ǰӣܳΪ׻ʦ᳤Ȼ򵥡ʵȷֻвླԲܷ֮ӳǿսΪǹɣ
һ֣Ϳ˳νĻ᳤ʵʵǿܹսҪΪǹ

Ҳϡ
ûˣӲǿսʩչôľУҶǱȷ۹ս顭
ϣʥĵ˵ͷźߵֻ˵ĻӮҡ̫ˣ
·ٴηӵ²ͣӿǳ


1821 ʥİ
ˣɽϷҲ׹䣬һƬƬܵĿռ䣬ճ
īʥˡ
Ȼõ˻᳤Ĺ÷һЩ𺣣ɵֵסҿڣĻȻˣ
᳤û°ɣ
粻ǵǣ漴Ц𣬽žͿ᳤ӰУǵûжһ
úã

һɾ޴ӣ糤ˮӵңĻ棬Ͽӿȥ
͵رǣҲﵽʮ׸ߵͣ²ҽȫ죬һͷ޴Ļˡ
㡭
ʥȻҲû뵽ǿһ£ʩչУͿӿڵĻ棬ɶ
ܣ
ɫĻ棬ӿȼգܿ¶ԽԽߣڣγīɫ
ǡ𣿡
ܵڻ͸¶ȣʥͷƤը޴壬鲻Խĺˡ
ΪޣԻΪȻߣֲ˹˵
ɡЩֻͨ𣬾ޣҲⲻס
̣
ëһ£Ǳȼգսζʥٴκˡ
ʩչˣ
ΪԷ׻ʦη崿棬ζûϵԼóĻ棬ԷڣȻγ˿µĶ
ﲻ٣ΪѪǿߣҲֱԡ
㲻˵ֶζԸ㣬̫Ǿͱˣ
ϾҪɽұڣٴһЦгǹƿնС
أ
ڻ趯£ݣѹǳݡ
īʥʱѾӵɽ档
ͨܲסο
ûʥóĻ棬ƵöԷҪץ񣬻᳤ôģ
ʵҲû뵽ˣԷʩչ󣬾꣬ȻƺЩʮֿ
ǽڣȻֱӽݱ
Էʩչͨ棬ӳ̷֮ڣߵ
أ
ɫѹǽϣʥȫëսѪҲʼЩط¶˽ɫĹͷ
ӣֻҪȥһûΪʥ棬ᱻ棬ճɻҽ

һЦ˹
ɱҡ
ʥҧ
Ϊʥ棬ѪĳǿߣӵԼĽ
ҪһླԲСԺк棬ͳˣޣ
˵ǲжԼˣ
ԼģҲδӦʥ
Էղ˵˶ԼûӦͿʼˡ
Ҳ˵νĴģʲô

ǹ£ʥԽԽأȴ˿ûг˼ü
Źѱ޷ΪʵʥޣҪãܹѪ
Ҳνģ档
ѱʥƾǹ𣬵ȷԷԿ⣬ɡЧͼûˡ
ûƾвЧʹ
οԷʥ棬ɹˣҲԸΪĸӹ
ְɣҵͽͽǣδ㣬׻ʦ᳤ʥսǿߣأҲΣԸǣ
ʥҧ
ˣͽͽʥһδһɱ¾ûܹˡ
ʥԸʥͨ߶Ըͨߣλ棬ȥ޳ܵ顣
ͽͽ
⻰ã⻰ͻȻ۾һҲǹʥֻǲླԲû̫ΡҪãңҿԴʥһ壬뿪ͬ⡭һҲ֣ʥһ壬Ҳ⵽Χ
죡ܱһʱԶҪˣҲ޻˵
ʥҧ
Է̬ȼܳüͷ壬Ƭ̺ʲô۾ͻȻһ΢΢һЦ㲻ңΪһ壬ǵ棬ܳΪ˵޳裬ˣԸҵĳأ
ҵˣ߰޲Լ᳼ˣͬҳΡ
û뵽Է˵ʥмһˡ
ûɣԼ˾ɵҲܣͬΪ޳谡
ҪϺڣ
ⲻãһЦһǹģתͷԸīʥŻ㣬뿪ҳȥһˣܿͻ
˵꣬һݣʧԭء


1822 ʥ޶
Ҫʲô
ȥʥðԤУҪȴеһϢѹȶ
ƽʱ׾ͿԻ⣬Է㹻ĿͷˣҪԿȴһʩչ
īʥһָɱ㡭
ѣʥ
ָܻ˵ɣ
Էīʥѹ䶤ǽϡ
أ
˽֣ɽ棬˴˷ƺղŵλ᳤ȥ֮󣬾ʹ¾
Ҫ
ЩҺʥͣӵйʥսԸһȺԶʥޣϺڡ
ɽɽϷþô
λ᳤ûһ㣬ͽͽǵĲҺɲڶ
ī飬ͬΪʥδ棬ȴѾãƢԣ֪һЩΪ˸㣬ǻ᳤ԴСԸҵЩͽͽѵҪΪŰ
ӲȥҲʥżĿǰѹס׻ʦ
⡭
īʥΡ
ȻҲû뵽᳤ʵǿߣֱӳȥԸЩͨʥޡ
ԱԽһݵˣȥԸһȺСආȷЩۡ
Էǻ᳤ʲô£Ϊֻܷ
ȻɻȴҲܶ˵
ԲֻǷ£
ҡҡͷīʥٴʩչѹסԷ
㡭ʥĶ£Ҳɱ׻ʦһ塭
ˡ
սʤĳǿߣܹȥԸЩʥ֪ԶֱҪ˼¡
֪˶ãͼλٴη˻һɡ
ɱˣҸҪôɱңȻһָȻ塭
Ҳû˺ʥ˴أҧеĺ⣬ƺҪûء
ɱˣһ˷ŭһ£漴ЦҡͷˣǸȰƽ֮ˣôɱɱīʥſȥ
⡭
īʥͣһ£ջϵ

ζһ£ʥǽϵæȥ˽ϡ
ɽ⣬ѪµĹâ΢ЩۣʥæɽҰȥͼԼͽͽδۼһһѪ۾д˷ܡ
ǵʵ
ʥһ
Щͽͽһ𣬶ǵʵ֪ĺƵطϡܱΪͲˣʥޣʧȥ˽Ŀܡ
ڣʥޣȻоʵһأ
ӵЩͻ˵ǰĽµƺʱٴγ߾硣
ҡЩһû֮ǰƼݵӣ̬׳
̶һ᲻һֻ֮С
棡
ʥޣͬʱݵ
ǡ
촽£˵Щʲôȴ˵
棬壬ҵѾΪҲϣ
֮ǰ˽ɽʥޣݵڵء
ʥӦȫΪ
ǣ
ͬʱͷٴΰݵˣ
ţһ⣬תͷ˹ôˣѾΪҲΪûʲôԥ˰ɣ
治Ҫɣ
ʥҫ˷ܡ
ǡ
˼ʥͷƤҪըζţĳġ
Щĺ󱲣ͳӹʵˣֵײУɱذûȴˢˢһͷ׻ʦ
⸱飬һīʥҲһģ
᳤ȥܹã
ʮ֣ʮ֣
ͷʥȫѱ
ʳιСҲûôɣ
᳤֪󷨺ܿ죬ô벻ѱ޸죡
棬ˣǿԿʵǧҪԥˣ
˥һ֮䣬ǧҪ˵ĺ⣡
˴ǣȻϴˢǰĳ裬ʥһ壬׳󡭡
ʥޣͬʱ˳

ʥ˵
֮ǰԼĺǺйô벻ôѱˡ
첻ͬ⣬Щһӣ϶ƵõԼͷ
Լϣ޷Щ󱲣ӵиõδҶΪҾǵˣȻ
ɣһЦָһҲǿ㣬һ׹ָ㲻һֱ棬ܷӳǿս
ʥûӦ漴еһһ׹ݽ
⡭
һۣ岻Ĳλʥ棬Ȼ˵


1823 ӹ
Էݶ׹ָеԵļԲ䣬Դ㲻ýңҲɳʥأߣ
׹ֱΪģúƻָΪҲͻͽ
Ժйһ飬ףǰλǿû̫ͣ٣޴һΣ漴ڵأһξѪֱԷüģ㡭ˣ
Ҫ˵֮ǰɣ׹֪ԷᣬΪҲв磬ȴˣ󣬱ȻԽԽԶ
ѪҺ˿
ûһͷѪĹʥô޳衭ʣҲԱ

УӰ˺ƿռ䣬ǰС
Ϊ׵֮ǰֿĳӹʺܹʩչԪʥ
ˣǹʥӰټҾ硣
ȻʵˣȴҲڴ½۷ǿ֮һ
ʱ£Ĺʥ
ӹʱ£ȥ
ǰĿռ䲻ͣ飬Ӱǰһλʥ̲סʵ
ս
ͣһ£ӹʵ
սƫƧӦûʲôʥɡʻĹʥһ㶡
ҼǵãʥһĻʥסС
һλʥʲô̲ס
㣿
֣ʣ¼ˣͬʱӣˢˢǰĳӹʡ
λʥ֮ìܣ½˵˲֪ܹȥҶԷ
ʥǺìܣʵӹɣҪҴʡǻʵУز٣˵뷨ӹʽ͡
Ȼ£˶Է͵ͳһսߣûʲôġ
ǵֵô
ٽҲû취ֻܹעһ
ӹҡͷ
ϣȥҶ֣Ҳ룬û취İ취ûѡˡ
ǰ˵ѰѪ취ѱʥѵˣ
ʥ˹
ѱ
ӹʿЦҡҡͷãܸ޳裿
ʥ˵
ʥޣ˵׼ɻʥʥһ棬곽ӹʸֶʹвȣϡ֮أǡ
˰֮ޣôܳһʥûﵽС
үû㣬֪Ƣԣ˵޿ɺǣǣ֪ĺѱǲܵģ
ӹ̾ϢһȻˣһɣпܽ伤ŭԼ磬ȹȥһˣҶԷú̸̸꣬ұƵԶߣڣҲֻңع飡
Ըɣ
ʥͷ
һһߣ˼ܡ
ǱȻʥףԳ棬ȷҪʤκˡ
ˡ
Уʥ˻սǰһߵɽǰ
ǻսطסˣ
ܵĿռ䣬ϡĿԺԲƣһλʥ㵡
ûԴû棬ҪȻˣ
ԷϵԼˣɽæоεҪеĸӼѡ
Ҹʥʣʥʲôط
˵ĵģӹʿЦҡҡͷһΣ䵽һʥ޸ǰ
ͷʥһ衣
ʥѣ֪ںδɷæ·
ӹæֹסԷĺ
桭ʰ
ѹȵ޷ѶͷʥֻùԹԻش
ʰ
һۣһ֡
סĺúõģʰʲô
Ҫǣ
ͷʥæ
ļֻܵͣʥһңɽΧѱԣĳ
ǣ
һ𣬳ӹɫˣѵʵһҲ£ˣ
ѹ룬ڳʵƿ֮УʥԼгҪ˵ܱ˭£ʾ׵塣
Ҫ˭һ֪
ٰͲסæʵ
ˣһλīĹʥ
һ£λʥ޵
ˣ
һ£ӹʸѯ˭һʥڣīʥ׻ʦһǿߣͶ˳ʣܹ͵Ϯɹ˵˺ܴ
뿪ԪɽҲ˲Ϣ֪˺ܶĻ
īʥΪѪǿߣܹע
īʥ鸽ʣͷʥޣȻƺˣѲʣʥѱˣ
С⣡һ¡
Ҫ鷳ˡ
Ĺȥǧ÷ˡ
䣬֪˶Էȷλãָһ㣬ͷʥŪĻԣӹתͷ
ֿܾǰ棬ΣҪȥһۡ
ã
˶֪ԣͬʱ˵ͷϢɽֱǰȥ


1824 ׼
ƹɽͷܿ쿴ɽҰʥޣڲԶһɽǰ쳣룬ӡ
طϡЩʥޣΪξͳһս֮ǰĻҪǿ٣
ӹٴһ
Щʥ޵ʱ֮սЩʥ޾ܲȴԶڡ
Ϊ˥Ͳˣû뵽Ȼôǿˡ
𺳣ͿɽռһŤӰͻأ֡
һȼգϽɫë͸¶ɫ·ɫתơ
һΪ棬һʱյζ
ʵ
ȭͷһӹɫء
ǰλҪҵλʥ걻ԼˣΪ֪ʮΪѽζû뵽ﵽ־磡
ȫʢڣˣ
ƫƧ֮أʵδʵøǿˡ
ô£
֮ǰãƾǼˣ֮֮飬£Ӫʵʱоûϣ
λħʥôô࣬ǰҼһ棬ûô
Զһλʥѹ͵
ӹע⵽ʥߵλʥһ֮£üëҲ鲻Խ
īʥҲ׻ѣڡΪҲﵽ˷˼ĵز
Ҫң
л֮ҵԸ׷ˣǣ
еĻʥδɽĳӹʵˣһɽȭ
֮ûż뿪ǽˡ
ʹ˵ķƺָܿΪƺ˸һƣ˵ļλˣм֮Ũ
ÿ
һӰɽﻺ˳
Ӱӹ͵һ
ү
ΪǳʣҪһ͵Ϯ֣֮ͬھֵòӹˡ
ȥѰѪλү
ȥ˳ʵĻʹ
ô⡭
ѲɣԷ˵Ǹ
ѽʥѱ
һߣһǻ˫ڣ崻һ㣬תˡ
Ȼˣ͹ɣ
𾪣Ц˹
ʥû֣ȴܵԪ֮һתȻ˳ӹʵˡ

ٲأֱ˹
ӹʡ
϶ͷʥ۾ŭȼգʱᱬը
֣
֡
ǣ˷ԸʥΥɷŭΪҪֹͿλһߣǰȭү
ү
۾ԲʥæīʥͼҲһͷˮƺš
ƺүҲˡȻλ˸һ㣬ȴҲˣ
óӹʣһˣˣ⡭ôоԾأ
ˣˣ
ҲͲס
˵ͷЦŽܣӹʳƺΪүˡӹʣҸ˻ʥΪ޳裬Ժʲôìܣʹա
ϣӹ䲻ţ鲻Խĵ˵ͷԶĻʥһӣּˡ
Ƕҫ۵ǿߣ߱ȶ˲֪˲ųǧǿһս
񣬶սĵߣһˣһ޳衭
Чλˡ
붼ꡣ
šʥͷ
Ϊ˸˵Ҫ˻ع飬һջӹʶˣסġ
ӹʣѴӦʥԼĶҲҪŵʥˣͬ棬䵱࣡

үԸ
ӹʼæͷ
ڣ뷴Ҳûʸ
ѹܵõλүȷ̫ǿˣ
ɵѵĻʥգ۹򣬾ͱѱ˹ɡ治֪ġ
ˣѾӵ˺ʡǻʾʵҲȥˣ
֪һһޣҪ׻֮ìܣҪ֪ãҲߴ٣ڵ
ڵǣʥؼλӹʡʥīʥͻʥټǹͺ˵ĻȻﵽλ֮ࡣ
ʥصҲĸ
Щ޻ˣʥѾʮλǱֻǿ
߼ǻʣҲûκη塣
Ҳʱ򣬻صǣӹδ¶֮࣬һսˣ
ǣ
ȫɫصĵ˵ͷ
ǣţҽǵ£ʹǻصǰסĵط
֪¹ҪʥԸһ
ôʥޣ϶ܴһĴս˵Ūãȫû
Ϊ֮ƾţ˻ȥֻҪնɱ׵ʡǻʣȨ¶ʣµľͼˡ


1825 ӹû
ǡ
һܱյķڣĽƣ˿ռʶ̽顣
أ
ӵ漴һλüŭվ
ıֱı
ߣȴƻֹ򣬹࣬ɱӹʱ£ֱ࣡жƷαȨ
һͷˣһܣдŭ
϶ܹϳһѧ
ʱһȺ־֮ʿ߳ʺͳǻʵС
һǰʱͨ£˵ӹʱǿǻΪ˾ˣˣ졣
ʱ˶Ϊģ岻ǿߣؿߣһϢҲʹݳ˵ǣʺӰټ֣Žӹնɱ
ϢҶΪǣΪңɢģʣƿӹʾӣɱ죬еЩԾˡ
һʱǰӹλĴߣټľ˵һ飬ŻȻŭɶ
һ壬֮Գư£嶼ɵѣΪ֦ͬšһȴݺһͬ壬ֱǵʩﲻˡ
ʡǻʵǿڹʥ֮Уﵽ۷壬Ǿ֪Σû취Ƕ
Ⱥ鼤ܣһͷ̲סҡͷ
ҵ飬⣬ʡǻʾأҲǹʥ۷弶ǿߣһȺʥԿġ
ߣܹƿ£ΪȨֶΣҪǣ޿ɺ
Ҳ֪ҷģӹʱ¼ȻδȻԻͽֻʱƶңƿطɢܵĲ𣬲¶Ҽɣ

޷ƿǶ֮ȴƿ壬óֱʣ
һˣ弫пܳûΧˣҵпܻһ
λˣͬʱͷ
֮޷֣ȴƿһҴΣС
ȻҶд뷨ˣˡȻˣȻҪһλͳһ򣬴ҸΪֻ߰㣡
ͬĹ۵㣬˿
ȻҪӹʵĴˣ֮Ϊģ֮λȻĪ
Ҳֻ㣬ܴǣƿؾ棬̫ң

ͬʱȭ
ڳ˹ʥλĺ󣬲Ȼͽնɱˣܷڡ
Ȼ˵ҲͲƴˣֻϣҼס
վȭͷǰü𣬴ŲɶҡļᶨһΪ壡
壬Ȼ˳ƺġ֡
û̫˿̵ߵ֪
ڣ취ƿ壬ʦȥʹ֮ǰרŽġ
һΪ壡
ͬʱһǼ
ӹʿеĴˣȻ
˳ȶһ£Ǹȥ˶óϷ˵üëһ󷭶

һöѶƳģһۣ۾
ʲô£һͷ˿
Ĵץʥϵߣڳеļ̳׼˵Ѿնɱˡ
ȭͷ
ˣ
ֱޡ
ڵҲͲסˢˢվ
һ壬׿ԽﵽʥģҲģ׼һɱһҪ
ô죿
˶Ҫըˢˢм
׼ϱӦٻָƣ
˵ͷ
ƼأƾԼ֪ҪѶãп飬пɣ
ֻҪʵ̫ˣǻȡҪбҪѪ
֮䣬תһжҪƽҪõȻҪҲס
֪һɱˣף϶ڽһļˡ
Ҫǣ֯ˣȥֹм룬ȻɼʲôͶˡ
ߵ
ã
ˢˢͷ
ֹһɹƳ׻ָ뷴Ҳˡ
䣡
ƿܵĽƣȥֹʵļ룬һζƺо𣬳䣬ķȥ漴һǿģʼλڡ
طըѲɣʧˣ
ʲô£
ҲͲסתͷԺػļ
һǼЩ񣺡ӹʡӹûֻˣ


1826 
ӹʹȻû
ˣ
ͬʱȻ
֮ǰ˵һ飬еĻĴǣ˿̣ȫɢ
ӹʹȻû˵˵ľǼٵġʵ࣬ıɱ壬ﲻˡ
ȥ
𾪣Ҳϲá
˲֪ǰͽӴӹʺʦ֪׼ʲô
һпϵ˿̹˵Ѿ֯ˣԿʵĶ飬Ҫ¶Ȩˡ
ಣ
ҲͲסֱз˹ȥ
˼ǰУҳɽϡ
ʱ䲻м䣬ĵطһ̨ƣܵ¥ϣѪʣȾʺ֮ɫһ֮С
ε¥ݣһ˸ӲϷ죬ܲ޴֣ƺĴʱӿ¡
ʣڸ̨֮ϣɿ񱩵ת
̨·źѹѹһƬˣȫʧȥʶһ򣬿ӣǵ׼
Ϸҩġʯʤ֮ǰαװϣǰȥЩ
飬ϣҽ͵Ϯڲˣɱˣ׼ȱҵڲ棡죬ڣ
ʵĶ棬ӹʰصʬѪѡ
֪һû뵽˷
壬ɱҲͰˣֱץʮˣ׼֮飡
ɱңƾ㣿
һЦд
֮ǰӹʣܻɵڣԼϦɱˡΣ
أ

ХӰͻأ֣īʥʥˡ
īĶ
۾ٴοӹʣӹʣϣز֪֮䵽⸱棬ûɣ
ҪīʥϵӰټҵǿߣƾ˺ӹʷֺ
֮Ĺϵ𣿡
ӹʺߵ
īʥ֮ǰȷڰԷڸү󣬴ͳһսߣټƽѾûκˡ
ңĳˣʣɱˣҲĿ

˵漴˲Զһͷ޴ʥޣɫøѿʥ꣬ӹʽһ壬ϳ޲죬ѵҲҪϣֻҪңҲƽʥһ֮ǰסĵطҲ᳹׹黹ЩĿǷ
һλīʥʲôҲ£ټϻ㣬Щˡ
ʥսȫʢڣֻǿڳӹʣʱôأԲǶ֡
˵ʥһʥһĽ֣ܺʹӦˣ
ʥצһڡ
ʵڳӹ֮ǰʾרüˣֻϳ⡣
ɫһ۾
ţӹ֮£ҲϺзΪǣû뵽īʥȻѣʥҲֱӹ鸽
֮ǰ붼롣
ôģ
ӹʣȷЩֶΣĻҪһЩƾǣҪɱң
֪˵棬³һٴλָţҲɣ

֮ǰʹʥͬʱ˹ˢˢվһţɢǿϢ
֮ǰߡ
Ծ
һЩˣӹʺīʥһۣͬʱɫһ
Щ֮ǰ֮԰ʣ潻νˣι̣ڣȴᶨܣƺֻҪǰͻֱӳܲˡ
ɶʱЩˣˣ
ǽǿסˡ
üëɫҲ
оȻԿЩˣȻԼʶȴѾƿأڿһĶ
ֻˣգԼֵ߽⣬ܣֻûôˣ
Ūýһս
ƿܣ⡭ôܣ
īʥš
һӶоǣ˹裬ƹʥɲɡ
ǰλһ¿ôʵԼĹʥۼˣš
Ƿ֣
ʲôӹ彩Ӳҧ
֣
ȫ¶֮ɫ
ⶫʥīʥˣ֪顣
ʹǿߣµĶֲڣһǹʥҪָӣ򣬷ֱըɣ
ӹʵ
ʹ
游Ϳʦսɱ˳ϦʱᱻǼ죬ۣϲʹǿߣԷΪƿؾ棬͸ÿһλʥֶҸףҲ
ӹʽͣʹʦץߣʧҲѣȻһĻ壬Ϳȫûˡ


1827 ʹǿ
ʦץߣ
ĳ񵴡
ܸӹʵĸ׵ֲ֣ʵ֮ǿȻ˵Ѫּǿߣʦֱץߣλ֮ʦ׶ǿ
ѹֿѹˣ겻Ҷʵȷû˸ҷ
ֲ£Щ˾㱻ƣһģֻҪþȫҲܻܣֻǡ
ӹ¶ŨŨĵǡ
㵣ģֵ

ⶫǵʹʩչģҲͱͨʥߣҲƿءڶԷȴóסЩˣɺζ
ִʲô
ǣֳ֣˵ʹҲ֣ʥصĳǿߣȻգռѣˡ˰ٶ࣬ã
ӹʵ
ʥأأֻһС磬ȴȻͬ
һգλ棬һֻࡣ
塢壬Ĺʥ㲻֮꣬ȴҲӵǧˡǿĲ£ﵽѪ۷壬ľģֻһλʦͺ˶ѡ
ǿ
һʱðһλ˵Щܲӵ˵
ﵽ־磬˶࣬ͿԿġ
ȱģȻƣͲô׽٣ֻҪ죬ɱˣʲôõˣ
һĻʥߡ
νʹǿߣҲɵɡû
ֻҪû֣Ͳõģһ˭ܰ

Ҳ֪ӹĿأƾԸһ֣ͼЦӯӯĿ
ղ˴δһֱš
ƺгҲǹÿֻڶӡ
ӹʣ䵽ز֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ʿڡ
ӹü
ܼ򵥣ûĺݣҵʵȻ㣬ȴݵĶ࣡ҿ׼ȡƻָ壬ΧɱҲԽԼЧұˣ궼ҪֻΪ㣬ȴ
Ц
㡭ʲô˼ӹɫһ
׼ȷ壬ΧͬĻߣҲ޷ɡ
ԼԭҲݲġ
ЩϣνĽԼ겻ҪǺ⣿
ûʲôֻ㡭޶ɷԹųɴߣСڣıݣԣʤģһң
һЦʴһӣȫɱˣ
ǣ

ǰʥͬʱǰ˹ȥ˾͹
ͬһʱָ̣һ
޴ѹӿһɲǼ䣬£ĩ١
أ
·ŵʥǿߣͬʱԴըѪڽ֮ϣ̨ٴȾ졣
㡭
û뵽һ˺ֲɱˣӹʿҪˣ۾죬ҲͲסֱʳ˹
Ƽأ˿̣Ѿʲôܲˡ
ֻһ뷨ҪôҪôһ
ȻһĴ£ֻͿ̿п塭
Ķң

߻ûԷǰһλʥͻأǰһһֱӹʳ˹
Ǽ˷ֵĹʥ֮һ
˵ʵȻǿﵽѪ磬ӹȻˣȫ֣Ҫʤס
磬ڿлһӰܵĿռһ㷭𣬺Ļ
ĻУӹɫԽԽףЩ˳
ǰʵСһƾһѣڣȴֻܱĶܣ붼ñ
£㣡
ЩֲסʱһȣžͿˣʿ·
¡
ֱ֣񷣬ڹʥϣ߶һ£۶ϡ
ʥʵʹʥ֪Զͬն޷սġ
ˣһ𣬲ó󷨣ʿһ֮⡣
˶һһľӣǵѪǿߣҲɵ
ֻֻҪѪǿߣ㹻ʱ䣬ͿԻɱеͳ죬޷䲼һҲȻˡ

ԼıһȺʥʥϣλʥŭȼգһŭ͵ض˹
ֻҪУԤɣ
ߣ
Ҫǰʱһȣһǹ֪Ӻͻأ֡
꣡
ǹ̴ƣѪ¡
šΪԷնɱȴ֣ǹ꣬ȡһƿѪҺƨװ
һװһ˷ܡ
λʥ


1828 Ѫ
ٹʥ˵ʲôصǣѪǿߵѪ
ⶫֻҪ㹻ʥͻײ١
ԣһǹ̴һƣһƿװѪæĲֺ
ô
λʥҪץˡ
˷֣ӱԼʶȴеģõѪĹʥ֮һһʥˣˣ־Ȼӣ޼ɵװѪ
ư
ҧŭУλʥҲ˲׷ɱӹʺˣһƣƿն¡
Ҫ޷ļһֱ
Ѫʥǽǳޱ޼ʣŭ֣ƺˡ
꣡
ۻûǰǹٴƿնֻһ£ֻҲ̴
žણžણ
Ѫӿ
ʥʹһٴο˹óһƿͣѪ˷һΡ

Ķ£תסѪܣ˿ھȴûѪ
Ϊﵽ־磬ѪҺͲһΡ
ţ
Ѫͣ£ѼüͣһĲá
СӣѼҵѪ
˿ʥδ䣬ͼ겻̫˵һץǹٴγ֣ٴһ
Ҳ֪δռһŤǹѾȸǰ
꣡
ٴγһ󶴡
ʥһ漴ٴοƿַ˹һ̵ĽѪ
ꡭ
λʥҪˡ
ֱ˿̣ѾףԷҪɱ練ƣƫƫ֣䵱˲Ѫı걾
ҲͲסתҪߡ
꣡
ƨϳ˸Ѫ̳
һƿӵڶһᣬͽʮƿӣÿζԷסѪһǹ̵̳öһطҲ⡣
̵λʥҲѧˣٲߣԭأһ˫ֱģʧһ㣬ϼʮһ㣬Ѫ
㲻Խ̵ܴԽ࣬ɡ
ʱ䲻ʧѪ࣬λʥһͷӿȥ
Ϊﵽ־磬ΪʧѪģҲʷһλˡ
նɱһλ˿ȥ
ʥīʥλʥϣսˣ㳽ӹ֮£ǰҲһɲС
·ֵʥȻǿ󣬵˫ֶΣʱڣѷֲ١
ΪﵽּҪɱԷѾûôˣǣս֪죬ʧߣ֮ززʤߣҲˣ
ˣʥ壬ͺ˵һ㣬ֻвսĻᣬǺܶࡣ
սмĳʣδܵţ̳ϵΪ룬ȫȼγһ
һɴƲѨйӿ
֮ǰܵƣȻĳ£𽥻ָǿ
ˣֹһָƣʤˡ
üë
ȫʢʱڵսܲ糽ӹʣȴҲ塢Ϊĳ֣Ҳƿһʥˡ
֮㲻϶ֳǹʤһָɱ鷳ˡ
ƣ
ҲͲסǹһֱʳ˹ȥڵǹ˺ѿռ䣬ֱԺߵԴҪһ´̴
үҪ
ֱӳȥһĳӹͫһæ
ʱѾˣǹûʸǰһʹӿеĺڶ£ǹһʱûҪ˺ѣѪʶ
ǹҲһֶ֮ɣˣһ˵ϣ̳һ޴Ŀ
ô£
鼱֮£ѪתæˣŶâɨ䣬صǹǰɻ
һ£ǹȻһ˿ϸ΢Ѻۣƺ˲ˡ
ּı˵ֻҪʥ֮Ѫ㣬ָܻܿ
үʱ򣬶Խӵһ飬ȥϣðoȻҪܵͷ
ӹʼæ
ðo
ͫ
ѹ֣ǹôǿ󶼱һ»ɣֵûУû뵽˵
ҲͻȻ
룬ڽö׸飬ٸʵĶѣ뽱ʱ̣ӵġʱȥңϣȻҪܵͷ
ѹ֣ӹ뿪ʼзŭȴҲҳȥԭϵ
ֹɼʽɣƻָŪã
üë
oȷǲðģɡȥֹɣƳ׻ָǽܹʤ
ʱνĶȨͳЦŪãȫ


1829 ׻ʥϣ
Ҳ֪ڣ˸ɵȣû취
ƻһλĹʥӹҲΡ
Ҳ뽫һɱˣɼһʼͣ飬
ôˣԻָĳʣһս֮飬ֻбһ·ߡ
Ϊ֮ƣȽЩȫɱˣɥʧսʱ㳽ʻָҲֻǹ¼ҹˣҲиᣡ
ӹʽŵ
ţ˵ͷ
ȷõİ취ˡ
׳нȽȫɱˣʱָֻҪǵѪ磬ƾʥīʥǹ¹˭֣˭˵

˽̸Уһͷʥ˹
еıǼйٱʣҲﵽ˹ʥһתƺ˺ѿ
ӣʵǹּǿ󣬴ùֶΣɱ
ǹֻǼԵסʹ귽ˡ
Ȼ鲻ԽĸеһѣΡ
ĻͬܵУԹʥӳֱĹҲЩֵס
ٺ٣
һе֣ͷʥֱ˹ейٱʣٴν
᳤
УīʥżҪȴеѹȻӣ֮սĹʥʩչУӲѹ˻ȥ
һĳӹͬ龰
Էղſһǹǹ̴ͬ飬ֱֳ֪սΪֲɱ˵
ɣ
ֹ֪סӹʵ˲άֶãλʥЦһת嵽ǰһƶԴ¡
һ£һУѪѪҺҲһغѻָ
ү
᳤
ˣ
ʥͫͬʱҪȥȴΪ
ǾȻѵʱ򣬾ͼλһѣΣƺɶ֪꣬ͻȻ΢΢һЦƵĳǹ͵
꣡
ֻһ£ʹ̴ˣλʥ࣬ᴩڿС

Ѫ
ƿ֣æռ

ȫһ˵ˣҲͬʱˡ
λʥҲǹӵк͵Ѫǿսʥɣôһǹ̴Է
ѵղŵѣΣαװģ
ա
ȥش˵𾪣һѼѪһ˿
Է귨ղŵȷУָܹ֮Ϊ֮еõöʥʯ
ӡ·壬ʥʯȴһֱЯ
ⶫ꣬ǵãԷĹȻƽʱ޷ָ׶ˡ
̴λʥѪѼɾüᣬйٱսָһһʥʯġ
ȻûⶫҲ֣ܽԷ깥գⶫ̶ȣ֪
ͷȥʥʯɢĹâɫҲ֮ǰЩͬ͸¶ɫ
֮ҫһۻϢƣ֮ӴʱеһůǽȪ
ǴĻ
ͫһ
Ϊǿ׻ʦϳ̺ģǱģǾĻ׸ûǱøǿ
ǵãʥʯ֮ʲôûеģôͻȻô
ѵ
æͷ֮ҫ£һϸߣʯͷΪģۡ
ʮʥǿ߼룬Щ˵꣬Ȼȫʥʯˡ
⣬ﲻô£Цá
ʥʯͻӡһӵĲҾ˵Ща죬Աʦ½ʹã׻ʦҲΪʹޡ
ΪʦȻмʹַû뵽ʻɱ֮ȻĪģͱʯͷɡ
ôിĻǲǿֱӳʥ
üëһǼ
Ȼᳫʹʥʯɱ꣬ȻѾˣ˾Ļپܾʹãɵˡ
׻ʹﵽ˲ླԲô䣬Գһ¹ʥﵽ֣˶ﵽľ硣
һ£
Ҳ̲סһǹͺˣסһ׻ü˳
̣
׻ʥʯһӴй̵ĻͶʱӿԭסӵĻǣۿɼĿӡ
ԡһû׻ͻƹʥķ
ܵ壬ԽԽߴ˱ŵʱᱬըһ顣
Ÿˣ֮ǰоͻƹʥķ׻ģȻһ鶼û
֪׻ͻƣþʲôָʲôĲ衣
īʥ׻ͻƹʥľؼҼ
Ҳ̲ס̧ͷеīʥ˳


1830 ׻ʥ£
׻ͻƹʥؼīʥһû
̫˰ɣ
ûйؼûпͻƵľ飬ֱӳ
㵱ʥС𰡣û³棿
һһһ鼮ڿУָһ
һ׻ʦûϾУǹʥǿߣ鼮ӵв١
׻䶯޴һץ鼮ģ۾һɨݽԺԼ֪ʶ
ҡҡͷ
Щȷ׻ͻƹʥľͷ˵ȴʵá
ʼľ𣬺ͶԷȫͬҪԷͻƵĻŪã߻ħҡ
ֻܿԼˡȻһλ׻ʦܹҵͻƹʥķҲһܣ
ҡҡͷտ֪ʶȫ״̬
һλ׻ʦܹԼҵͻƷҳɹҲһԡ
жҪǰ˾ġ
ʥʯеĻһӿĻ壬Ϊӿ̫죬˻ҡ
ʥ򼶱ǿȫһ֮Ȼ˵Ѫǿߣ壬ܾܹĴЩⲻס
пʼֻ
ʥʯĨеɾȴ޷ȥеԹ
֪ãȴץɼƷЩÿһŷŭͲʡ
һʲôһ𣬾Ϳˡ
Ĵأ
ԹоҪ߽ˣֻһ˿֮Уζ̬
ɽѧ鼮˽˲֪֪ʶ걾ͱһľʦʥҪء
˿ģȴס˱ġ
ɱ¾սǿĻ·˵ܾ٣ʼռ֣ԼһλʦһЩߺԭ򣬱뺴
ͺʦ½ǿһ
Ŀʦɱ˺ӵֶΣûô
ܣɱĿģ̻Ҫġ
Լͬˡ
壬ѰһĿģҪǣ취׽˵
һһ桭³ɾٸߣҲģң
ʦ½һľԺʶһ
¡
ǱһɫҺΣӿĻвͣתγУԽԽԽԽ
δ𣡵δ
кܿƻ˶㣬һˮΣԽԽ࣬һ㣬ʣȫ
׻Һ廯ǳƹʥı־
۾һףϾҪʥɹˡ
׻ʣ£׻ʦûۣ֮޷ģǡʶ̽飡
ڣҺ֣һҺ塣
ȻҺ壬׻ľ˷츲صı仯ʵɱ䡣
ӾտҲԽۻ롣
㣡
һڣ֮ǰͲѣеʱᱬըĻ˿Ѿûָоеͺӿٶɡ
⡭
Ķսīʥüë鲻Խ˼¡
ʥʯ֣˳̺֮ۻ룬Ľѡ
ΪѪ׻ʦ˶ĻҲ޷ɣӲ̵Ļʮ֮һ¾ͻᱬԷӴʥԲʥ޼ɵʹá
ôܵˡ
ţֲ˶ãͻͣû뵽λ᳤Խ̷Խ࣬ӣնɱʮȫӽһ붼ɽڡ
˿̶ԷĻ壬Ҳﵽϰ״Сһصľˡ
ȫҺͻƣ
īʥ𾪵ʱ򣬾޴׻꣬һȣߴʼС
ͬһʱ̣һϿմ򿪣вãبŵϢӿ£䣬ʧ˲֪ˡ
ʥ֮
£ܶԽԽȫҺ塣
ʮӣͻָһ㣬һһʱ˺ѿռ䣬Ծÿһǣɢ֮ʥ
ʥ᳤ͻƹʥˡ
ɱ䣬īʥǼ̲ס
ȻԷͻƷȫͬӵϢѾ˴ʥ͹ʥ֮ıݣȫµľ硣
׻ʦһȻһõУϡ٣ﵽʥģֻһˣڻ᳤Ҳͻƣ˵һְҵٴֻʱ⡣
¡¡
𾪣ǿ̼һƬƣ۹вͣʱ¡
ʥ٣ˣ


1831 ױ
ȻȽٸǿ󣡡
̧ͷտȥޱϲ
̬ľһǰѹأҪ˺ɷĩȴ޷ҡġ
ԣ
뵽ʲôһ׻һΣ
᳤Ҫʲô
īʥֻӿҪը
Էֻ׻ͻƣǲླԲ׻壬͵ڽӲ˹Ūûֱӱ
Ӧʥٵѹܲܣ磡
ӹ۾¶Ȼ֮ɫ
֮ԣڵʵԭʱ򣬼ƴһ˳ɾͣƴŻӮ
ɺүһȣԼƴɶ㲻ϣ
츳ͻƹʥֻʱ⣬Ҫ̫ᣬƫƫ˵ķʽ
ʥѹӲʥвͻɣһ㶼á
̫ˣ
һ˲䣬ս˫ǰĳٹ˲ս
¡
׻ڣĶ޴Ƶ֮ǰǸںһ
ǰ׹䣬ͣ˹ɫĻ棬ȼգܿ콫Ӱȫû档

ҿӱϴνĸǿ¶ȸߣͨĹʥҪⶼ
ʥ֮
һٴδ򿪣ʥ֮ӿڡ
һ˲䣬ȫľѪǱȼˮѪҺͬʱȵĻлӷ
꣡ǲ
Ƥͼ⣬һѪɫѺۡ
ûʼͻƣǿҲֻǲླԲӲӭӹʥ٣һǳһ˵Ľѣܲס
Ҫѳһˡ
ѵУ
ǿסϵľʹҧ
֪ʥٵ֮ԣ׻ͳӹ˵һѹΪҲͻơ
֪ûϰ٣ɾ͹ʥֻʱ⡣
⣬ڣȻɹ
һҵĹʥʦ½壬пǰˡ
ɡȲôã
ҪأҪԷ׿ڸʱ䵢󲻵á
ˣðգпܻҲϧ
¡¡
Ϯ񱻹ؽ¯ƻɢѾҪܲסˡ
ʥ֮Ѫ
һš

ʥ֮ѪҪǮ㣬ӿڣ̲ĵάϵ

ԬΡǹʥĳԺ
ԷôףΪѣ
һΣơ
ˣǷˡ
ʥͣ
ʥһ壬Ѫǿ󣬾ˣʥʱҲҳ֮Կ
λˣŴʥ𣬾ǾԼĲ죿
ʥǿ󣬿Ҫʧȥһ㶼ֵ
˻
еƣƺܵƣʼŭһ׹⻮ƿռ䣬˺һڵѺۣѺе׵ԽԽ࣬Ҳͣȼգ𽥱ʵ
ԶԶȥһڿеĴ󵶡
ױ٣˵ǳʥأղŻĺƽ٣ô⡭ӹɫףҪɤӡ
Ϊһߣ游Ǻˣйسʥص鼮
˵Ҫﵽ־磬Ҫױ٣ʵʣɱ
һһر飬Ѫ۷壬۷ʱϣҲᱻ룬
үֻǳʥôὫⶫ
ˡ
īʥͻʥҲŵ˵
ǲ֪ױʲôγɵľ޴󳤵ʵԿģһ۾͸елңЩܲס
̳ϷĳʣµֹͣڶƺͬЩηСһȦ˭еη
׻ǿĽͬʱӲ伤ŭ൱ڶԿ׽١
ͷƤը
źʥ˵ʥԽ࣬ԺĳɾҲԽ󣬵ĿʦĴΣΣѡͻơ
ԬΣҲһΣ⽵Ϊѡɹ
׻ֻ轫׻ųȥ͵һڣ
һµ׽ٵųǿ
ܹɹһιʥ׻궼мô岻ֻɣ
һ¾Ǳţ˵ķʽ
԰ɣҲ޷ɹ
һȭͷֱе󵶳˹ȥ

ҲһΣƿȭͷǰ޴ѹϯƳѺۣѪʣգ۹Ǳ룬¶ɭɭ׹ǡ


1832 ׽ٴڹ
ûǰֱ۵ļͱ룡
ѹյĺƽ٣ʵڿ£
һ˻ڵȫת׻ꡭλһ壬ռһ˲䣬ճ
ʥ٣ߵѹȣɱ䣬ЧͻңŪãɱ䣬úƽٱøӾ޴󣬲ɴĦ
ͺ񣬳Ͻ٣һ˶ɡ˶ɣȫͬһ
ˣδʹǹ֮⡣
˻
ϹǿͨӰټҾĹʥڶʱƿڿеױǰҼһЦգ۹̾ͱ˺ѿļȫ¶˰׹ǡ
ʹ
ڻǵѪ磬룬ҵʹϮԺһѣΡ

ȫ·ɻҽգ۹ɾһɱĹǼܡ
ױʵ̫ˣڵľ磬Կġ
ӶԿ󵶣ѪҺĸɾֻ˲˿̣û׽١
ƾϢͽŪҪƻֱӱնɷĩ
ˡ
ðһ뷨
ţ˻ᣬԳĹʥû뵽̫ˣЩסˡ
ɱҲûôף
֪ٱɣһһһģһͻأǰֱеĳ˹ȥ

һס˲һ֮
һֱ֣򳤵ӭȥ
˿ٴȡѪĹ֮Ѫȫ
ʱֻʣ¹ǼܣҪûⶫ϶ͳˡ
ѪҺ£֮ǰʧļ⣬ָٶȺӣûʱ⣬Գɣָܹڵ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷеķȥ
ֻҲⲻסд󵶣һ˾̥ƣ룬һҺһ㣬ױ٣ʱҲûκΰ취
Ƿ
ôǿķ񲻵ڲ
ܵˣһμ˷Ĵڣһ㵡
īʥǼز
׻ʦõľֻҪӵУ͵ٲηˡ
̫ˣⲻס
ٶȻ˲٣ɲͣ׹䣬ò˶ãһὫĻɢҲܲô࣬һʥʯٴγֱ֣˹ȥ
̣
ʥʯлʣ½ӽһĻҲǴʥǿߵĻǣӿԷڡ
һһĻγɣȻںôգ۹̾Ϳ
꣡꣡
ʮ󣬾ͳ˲ླԲʥ
򿪣ʥ֮Էڹ䡣
¡
ܿ˱ݣ߾硣
Ƿ츳ȱǿǺ߾һΣʱûб깵ͨ鹲
һٳɹ
䣡
һͻƣܲ𣬱øǿ

üëһ
Ϊ÷ͻƣܵסױ٣û뵽һһͻƣһ
Լͬһ꣬൱ڣȻǵĴ׽ˡ
һīѹ£һѺۣ֮ǹҿ⡣
ͷƤ飬ĹǼʱᱻѹɷۡ
ɣ
֪ڷ󣬳˹ȥ
ʵ̫ˣס϶Ҫ
̣
һеնڷϣ˺һ޴Ѻۡ
һͻƵ˹ʥҲ޷סôǿĺƽ١
¡
ͷһ𿹺⣬˺Ʋ񷣬½ƹȻˡ
ǵЩֵס
ȥ˭Ҫͻƣ׽ٵ֡
֪϶ᱻתͷӹʡ
ɽ٣׽ٵģ
һӹ֪ү϶ԼĿģҲ˵תͷһȥҡ
ã
˵ͷܿԼĶҴһʥصǿߣʱͻơ
һӿڣ̳ɹͬܲ
̫ˡ
׽٣˿һæ˳Сٽ٣𣿡
ǰױ٣ȻϤǸֻܽϤλҳ֮䣬ûʲôϵһȰ衣
¡
Էͷϵƣζһ£Ť鲻Խ߷˹
ķھʹ㡭Ҫҵס󵶡
ʦʩչܿ콫һ׷ϸϸ˵һ顣
֮ǰͿһȱݣ׼ָ㣬˿ֻǰͰ࣬˵ѡ
ǡָ׽٣
׽ĳ
ȫˡ


1833 ɽٳɹ
ѱ޵ġѱ˵ģѱģһμ׽ٶѱġ
ӹʡīʥʥˣȫ𾪵˵
ǰһĻѾ߸֪
ĴԣͷͼͻƵߣ˿ȴһߵķԸ
ģ
ǡҵʦ
ĵۡ
ʦֶιȻ
¡
ָ㣬ζһ£ƷȻо۵ٶȺ˲٣˵һոͻƵʥأҲ
·ͻƵλʥɫˡ
ô˭˭ˡ
ҵסױ١
ʱ޵ˣ˿һ
ָԷķֻˣʦòˣɴ׽򣬿ԤĸֽԽԽ٣ٲΪǡ
¡
ǳɣСٽһΣǰױٳ˹ȥ
󵶼һʥصС׽٣ҲҹһƱ롣
¡
һСٽٴλۡ
ͷƤ飬ٴתͷ˭Ҫͻơˣɣ
˵꣬һΣϿգ֮ģ£ԡ
ڿУʼڿΡ
ʣ쳹ܣߣտʼΪ⣬˼䣬ȫУһЦ⣬֮ǰ޷ͻƵȻʡ
ǣҲ׹
꣡꣡꣡
ͻƣϾ龳վ֮ܲǰСٽ٣ЩʼŰ񱩡
һˡ
Ŀڸʮʱ䣬Ѿǧͻƣ׽ٵĳ١
˿̵Сٽ٣ǣɴСһ˺ƻռ䣬Ҫض
еױ٣֮ǰмһ˵СһģЩˣһ£ûͱУͣв
ҲУ
ζ壬ӹʵǼģ
Ҳֻλóó
ԼɣϢһᡭ
ױʱ䲻˿ҡһ£һΣʧԭء
ȻʥʯͻƵ˹ʥ𣬵Ϊ˿󵶣Ҳ˼أҪȥú
սָʱûʧʧһ㣬һƨ
֪ô³çˡ
ôʱͻƵˣ֮ǰͺСٽٸ˹ϵҪס
¡¡
СٽٺױٶԿһ󣬺ڱĥɢ
ܵѹʧ̸еȫһµð˵Σɱ䡣
ѹƣ
һ£δżͻơ
Ȼͻƣ˳ΪʥǿߣԺ棬ȻܵӰ졣
֪˿ʦͻƷѧԷһѹƼΣԺ߾硣

Ծѹٴλָ˲ླԲ˿
Ȼذɣллˡ
Сٽкһ

Ƭٶͻγɵ׽٣ͷһۣ·ͻƵȺͣһ£ջζһ£Ҳɢ
ʧžȫĸɾûһ˿
ͻƣȻӴ˹ʥʱԳɹȴҲֻʣ¹Ǽܣ˼ġ
ѪʥѪҺûʱ⣬Ҫ׻ָҲˡ
ɱ
ո£ûüϢһͷʥ¶һ׹⣬˹͵ѹȣֱͷ­
ǰһͻƵƣʵ̫޴ˣڽնɱԺȻΪ޴˭Ҳսʤ
ү
û뵽ԷӦô죬ֱӶ֣ӹһȣҪˣһǹζһ£Ҳ֡
ûǰͼڵϵ鲻Խ̧ӭȥ
žણ
ֻһ£λʥֱ۾ͱĳɷĩը궼û롣
⡭
ȫס
λ͵ϮĹʥȻûﵽѪȴҲӰټҾǿߣһླԲ
ң
Ҳǲ⡣
ױ٣˲٣ûͻƹʥΪѪǿ߲࣬ôûϵһơӰټҼľͱ
ȻȡѪڡ
һǼ
û뵽ûͻƣѾԺ͵Ѫѹ˵ѹƼΣΪкܴô
ڿȻˣ
֡
һһλʥʣµĹʥ׺ˣӹʵڲɣʱ䲻ͽȫն䡣
һĻɫ࣬ҧҲҷģɺڶӹָơ
ˡֵܰʻָƣܲҲҵƻָ
⸱ӣͻȻһ


1834 αװ
ڵˣױ£⡢ѪȫٻͺЩƣᣬʥ֮ѪҪָҲ
ɡ
ʵܵ˸أ룬ܶʱڻָԼǲҲܽ
飬ȻϢղӲ壬Ĩɱ
뷨һðҲͲסɹļʡ
ͨ룬ָûղųȥҪֹ֪Ӷжǿ
ʵսԺ͵Ѫڱ⣬ǹ£޵֣ҪӲĻҲᱻɱ
ǡ
αװɳʣֻҪϢѪȫһ鶼ʶͿնԷӿĶ
۾һ
ɲУҲеƣǾظαװ
ⶫڱ˹Ǽܣɿʹãδʧ
ԣ
ҲͲסȫ䶯Ǽܲͣɱ䣬ܿ˳ʵģģϢû˿
ү
ӹһ
һֱ֪Էαװû뵽һǼܣܱɳʣ˿
ţ
΢΢һЦö˵޳͵ڶ·˹ȥ
ˣ
֮ǰڶĲƣû˿赲˼׾ͽС
Ȼ
۾һ
ظöαװȳʼλ飬ߣԣαװķԷҲûΪǳʱûй

ƣ˺ڶ·Ϸһɹӿ£սڣȻе֮ǰۿɼĻָĵľҲõ˼
ٶȣòʮӣָܻһ
˫۷Ź⡣
ȻأᣬټĻָԣͬռҪȳʿ̫ˡ
㡭
գеԶһŭĿȣתͷ漴һصı顣
飬ٵ͸ʱǲֵܶģŭ϶ᱻ˺ɷ飬ԣֻܿš
š
ɡһ˵ʸоĶС
һǼܣαװ鶼̽鲻ô
˭ܸҷʲô
˭ġ
޳ܡ
Ҳ̲סһȡ
ţ޳ܣ
ͷ
Ҳǳʡ
Էֱӳϣ̹ȻʿҪˣҧ
ãǳʣ
úͶԷīͣա
Էڵʱץ񡭡ԣľͺá
˵ʲôԣֻա

ڶɢγУܿ챻ոɾ
µĹǼܣⲻͣ䶯ٻָ
ͷ­ֱۡšյԽԽ࣬»
պãѾĵĺһ
һȫ磬齨ĺһģһ
Ϊṹǹ̶ģ֮ǰȻܹģȴҲֻСΧģµƶȫ齨ö٣ĵĶҪ˳
漡ָԽԽ࣬ĵԽԽ࣬ɱ¾֮ӿе顣
ɱ¾
ԴӺǰɱûֹ˾
ѵǺǰת
Ѫǵ֮Ļߡ

·ڿΣʦˣ˿ȫɻóϷ
˾Ϣô壿
ҲֻĻߣ

·ˢˢһƬ
ڿεĶ飬Ǹܵɾɱ¾֮ԿλαװɳʵˣκλɣеֻǾͳݡ
һﲻαװԼԼĳ񣬶װݷʿҪˡ
˲֪һ˭֪ĺһšʵʵʦ쵽壬ȻŪ˳ݣӼֱûˡ
ð飬ҲҪ
ԷԽԽ࣬ǹǼܵʱ᳹׻ָҲͲס˲ϻ᲻˵飬ָצ˹
䣡
ռ䱻򱬡
ٶȱȲ϶Էôʱ䣬Ҳָʮ֮ߡˣٴչֳѪ۷ǿߵ
һ£ҾͻֻСȾͳ׻ָһָٶ֡
û뵽һ˳סüһζȫѨ򿪣ٴηա
һ£ٶȸ졣
αװʣܽͱˣˣնɱԷԷɱԼҲûôס
á
һԼ뻻ֱ׳ʳץˡ


1835 齵ϣ
ҵģ
ɱʮˣķŻļ룬ôҪָСȣָӣ
һ㡣
ǰһֱˣϣһ仰Ĵ
ΪһǿС͵ô󣬻
ݿҪҧٴһ˹
꣡
ǰһƬʵľУΪ֮
ٴζԷԽԽףԼѣҲ̲סеķŭ̧ͷϲԵ飬һαװңȡ˵ܲˣ⹥ֱͲΰϳ͡
ɶѵͲܰһ
ĴһᣬȥãǺһ
ΪʲôҪɱɱ
һأһ㶼ţ
Ҳ衭
Լ˵Ļһ˵ˣһΣڣʱѪ磬סݣС͵ôôҪأ
ŭץͷ֪һ˵Խ࣬Խٴ˹
һ̺ȫķŭ֮ǰǿ˺üҪȴס壬Ҫ
ƴˣ
֪ٲܻᱻɱֻʹֹͣգһ𣬲ûӿ͸еϷһһζǱۣ˼
ڿ鲻ԽĴ˸򣬲ˤ
ʹϢ£Ҳ࣡һɢʧӰ١
ô£
ͫһȫ̧ͷķȥ
漴֮ϣͣɢָĺڶøһֱۣ˳
ղŶУֱɢġ
ˣȻ顭
һֱֵֻۣסԷԳ˵Ѫ۷壬ɫһҷϻתɢ
һһûˡ
ȫƣѾָ˾ųɣֻʣֻСȣ뾡ɡ
Ȼɱʮˣ롭϶Ҳȥ
̣
Сϵļ⣬ۿɼĻָһᣬʣֻš
һֱ۳ˣɲͣЪգҪץˡ
̰Ƶģûô̰ġ
˵ʵҪǼʱûñļֵԤҪЩһһôգԼָƵġ
ˣҲָֻ˰˳ң볹׻ָҲһξ롣
ɶԷָپųˣ
֪鼴֣ܿıʲҶ˵ҧݣҲӿٶȡ
ǿЩҵģ
ڣһŭĺ漴ǰļһһƳ˹

Хȫ֡
㡭
ͣסգһΣҪܶԷĹȴֻ֣ͽģδ
ֻŻ
̣
Էա
ɶ񣡡
Ķ£ȫë״󿪣ٴҪգͼԷָһ㣬һӿ
ٴζԷû
һҲҳֻ֣ⵢա
˿̣Ҳˡ
ֱ۳֣˵ܻή䣬ԷٻҲ֣ĿģǴö̼
뵽⣬ٲģӿٶɢյͻȻȫëէ鲻Խһ
꣡
ǰһһ̴ؿڣҪǶĿ죬඼̴
꣡
ķˡ
ղһҳֵģ̽ôԼһʼĽ̳ˣ
ѵĲ
һȥ
ǷŭҪȥһƴһͼͻȻͣҲҲ̬ĶſеƱȭ
ΰʵڿߣԷðңǰһС͵ĿŵңնɱȻˣǰϺڣ
˵ľȻǣĹԡ
Ҫ˵Ҫѧϰܾá
˻
⻰ڶе飬׷ŭˣٴλζһƻ˳һԳʾ
ǰ
ֻͷ̴ûιȥ
һֱϵ飬ͳӹźǸ񣬽ȻͬͬһˣŸҶԿӹʣµԷ
һֱֱ룬ҲӶԷ
ôһֻ˵˼仰ͶԼˣ
ѵֱ治Ҳ
Ķ£ҪҴԷݣתͷ˹ȥ漴Ϳ֪꣬ʱϥڿУȫë״󿪣տ
֮ǰʣ¹Ǽܵ˫ţ˿ѾֻʣʮֺͷѾˡ
ꡭ
һ飬ʿ޳


1836 齵£
Ҫߵڰףؼٶȣ˺ü
ɶʱһλѲĽɫ
֪һԲԸӹʣڧǶ֣
ƣ˿
һҪָһָֺϣӦòգʱԼͿԼӿٶȡ
ãһҪʮйߣ
һһףһᣬֶԷֺȫӿٶȣͼαװԼļһȡһͬʱͣڿץȡɢϢӿ

һͣ¡
Ա˻Ҫ
һѪʱҪˡ
ģԷǷðģȡ
ǿʦ
һۣ׹
̺ռʱķڶ磬Ӧǿʦ
֮ǰԷʥǽ˷ӡеĹʥ֮
Էֱ裬ǧֹбԽԽϡٵȫ뻭ٶȾȻտʮֹ
Ҳ˵ԷƴɣյõģҲᳬʮ֮һ
ҵģҵġ
Ҫɱ㡭
֪ԷŪƽ޻ָĿܣҲͲס
ͬûǰ
꣡
ڶе¡
һΣ˶һѪ硣
ſ̲סʡ
ѵԼ飬ŶԷĻˣ
ôӵġ

Էı飬һ̾Ϣٴҡͷ
ȻԼĻ֮Զһﶯ֣Ϊƻأ޼ɵʩչ
Ҫٲˣȴȶ֣Լ鷳
͵
ǰҪ̫දҪƽġ
㿴ңľƽ
пһԼ㣬תͷǰ۾ٴηų⡣
ͷôָǼ뻻ĶȻ

ȣͣ򻭾ץȡӣɢȫװ˽ȥ
ôԺˣҲ̫ˡ
Ūˣпú˳׻ָ
Щ̧ͷȥ漴ϷĺڶһߴӰȻ̽˰ӡ
أǸģӡ
ģͨ޼Ϣۻ룬ûκζܵĿռһ飬磬ɲסɢ
վǿߣ
ӹʼæ
գ
۾
Էۻ뵽㣬ȷںϡ
ˮԷ͵ΣˮٴҲ޷ûʱƯȥ
գֽʹ𣬵ʦڵʱ˼죬ʹû뵽ˣ
ӦǿԵʣ
ʹ٣Ϳʲôϵ
Ȼйϵ˵֮Уӡסͨڿ֣ͺܵжĶͨʹǿȻҲܹˣ
˵½ĸֶҪ仯
Ҳڣʹǿ߽ٿ϶ûеôףҪѾ޴ۣΪҲҪӡĺܵͣգҲֻǳڶѣֻҪһ־ɳǣҲδֵܹúȥ

ʥīʥԼʣµļλߣٽ
ǰֵλϲԶʹһʣǽپ޴Σա
ʵ𣿡
֮۲ͣ˸
ʱĳˮĻһ㸡ǰ
ͬռ䣬ռںϣȴǰ̫
ͬʦ½ˮĻλͣľͷ
һĲںϣ߸Ӽ̣졣
Ҳ˵صʵܱǰλϾҪʹǿߣǿ
ǰҲĳʣǼٵġ
һƳɣϰ죬ʲŻʵϢѾԷɾ֪ٶѾû飬ҧȭ
ģǼٵģðңҪƭǰ
ʾæǰ
ָαװ£ͶԷһģһѪҺδܹ̽ˣһ·ߵס
¡
ڶζ顱ڽ̸֮ĹУװѶڿУһںڵ˫͵
꣬꣡
磬һ˾ϢӣʱὫջ顣
䣬һ硣
ͨĵѪǰѣοͨˡ
һ·ĵ͵ǰװŪ
顱ߣ˫Ŀ͵ֶ
ȫһ񱻺֣ȫëը


1837 
Ҳδػ䣬ˡ
ƾǹˡʥīʥԷգҪնɱˣҲδܹȻˣʲôɵĵģ
ŵľһգۻָޱϲ˿ϲŭ֡
顱Ŀڶ߮Ƭ̺üϲõѪѪҺңȻܲα
ΪֻһȺƾݣͿԿζû뵽˰죬ƨûһ㡣
оġ
£ʣɼٵģαװѪܳͬɣ
ܿ죬ѪҺ˹ʶɨ顱ŵã
ȻҲһģһ
ʲô
飬һðңʹﲻˡ۲ѪҺΪ۲ʲôҧ
죡
ž
顱һƳϣԭش˼Ȧ
һûУֱ治Σƨ߶߶ģɣ
ҡĶ¡
ĳʣϲԼ룬ҽ٣ٵĿ϶֪˶ٱֵǶ١Ƕ˶дһ£ݸҿֵ׼ȷģȻģ
һ£顱
ȻʼϲԣָƣֻѴۣԼ٣ڼĳɱ϶֪һ
⡭
һ£漴˵ͷã
˵ȡһƣһԼ˽ıֵӡȥ
ʼͣһ£Ҳȡһöƣʼд
μ룬ιͨϲԣҪѶ٣ǲģò˵λ顱ܴ㣬ץסαװߵ㡣
αװɼʦϣбһ飬ղˣֶʥʯɣͷգҲһ
˼һ£̽׼ȷֵ¼档
ͬʱӹ˵ƣ顱ʶɨ˹ȥ۾ʱ𣬽ŲԶĳʣʱὫնɱ
ǰ
ӣð˲ԤУδ䣬ͼԷƿն¡
Ҷ
¡
һ㣬屻ס߶޾ƺҪһ½ĳ⽴

û뵽λģҪԼѾ޴ġ顱ɱƵĿҪˣһȫѨ򿪣ӿ
գ۹ͱɶߣѪ۷ա
žણ
Ϩ𣬳ʴӿ׹䣬м䣬̳һ޴ӡ
ǿ
üëһ
ڸǰǰλ顱δʩչȫһģѪ۷徳ĳʣþȫֵס
յʵ
֮ǰãƾǹԼʥˣӦÿһսڲס
ʵ̫ˣ˶ͿԽġ
ͺʥʥȼ
𺳣ͬʱǣѲɡʶԼƷļֵ֪ĲԼдˣ
Ȼ顱Ϊλ֣
µĲʴ˿ıˡ
׼ļʦˣûֵΪʲôٵ֪
òϢѪֺԼǼٵģԷˡ
¡
Ӵڳ˳ҧġ죬ʲɾѪ͵ͷ­Ϣ£ͷĿдŲݶҡļᶨ
ϲԵ飬ΪǼٵˣ
ô㻹ϣ
顱۾һתʱᱬѶըɷĩ
ǰΪ޷ֻ˵Էαװ̫֮ǿ
һԸԼ׼׸飬Ըˡ̴ӣһԹ޻ڣ
˵ͣһ£俴Զ𣿡
˵꣬һξѪ̴üķ˳ֱǰġ顱˹ȥ
ֻҪ߽գͻԼʥһɳΪʱˡ
Լơ
һ
С⣡һ¡
ѹ֮ǰһ˵ӹûݣԲҪ֮ǰΪ˵Ǽ룬û뵽˾㽫Լ׼Է
ѹ֣£Щߣˣ⣬Ҳûκλţԭĵƾλ顱
ΪˣʹӣȻٷ֮ٻΣΪˣƽңҲȻˡ

顱ָѪҺսüģһ̾˶Է꣬һɱ
ЩתͷԶû֮ǰƽȣǴĮ
֮һ


1838 ǿ
Ǽٵģ
顱ɫû˿С
ǰѺûʲôˡ
Ϊϲߣ½Ūķֱ治٣ȥ˶ˣأȻһѵŭ
Ǻǣ
֪ĵƣαװٺãҲһЦһץ

ǹ̳ģüëһһǹƿգ˹

ǹʱյȫ׻꣬ͬһ
һ£ʶ޷סᱻᴩ
ȻʶݣǾΪǿܲܽһɱ˵
ɱռ
ԷȻǳʼģ˿ֳ˶Էˣ϶û˻أҲûҪʲôˡ
ǣ
ľٶ顱һЦ˫ֱҲ
ˣ
ǹؿڣûǰͱһ棬ľ֮ϣûκЧǰ˷ֺ
ͷƤը
Ϳһǿû뵽ô
ƾ͵סȫ
꣡꣡
æ֮ҪسǹȴֶԷǰĿռ䣬鿪ǹǱѵĿռ֮УҪض
ţǹڶ𣺡ˣˡ
æȥȻǹĥۣѺۣƺѪʶ
̫ǿˣû취򡭡
Էû־ôҪ֣ױĨɱ
Ϊӵ˵Ѫսǹʥη壬ڿô¡
֣ȻҶҪ
һĻӹףٲ֣ܻ֮ǰһɱҲͲסгһ¡
ʥҲִצ𣬻գҪضպ졣
īʥλûͣЪһ֡
⼸һǿսˣͬʱ֣ض񱻶
顱ǰָ̧ȥ
ࣣ
һżٶĿռ籩ϯڣգ۹һͱΣδֹһ㡣
ûسǹصӹʵԣתͷȥͼÿˣ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫ
ôǿ֣ȫʢʱڵĳӹʣᱻһ»ɱûκηأλȻָɵסûһ
յս
ôôǿ
ܲеʵ
һЦ顱˿ںڵû˿飺һңҵˣҿԲɱǣ򣬽ǵڣ
룡
ǿסؿڷʱᱬըӹҧ
ǵһߣԸϣͲ˾ˡ
Ǿҿжٹ
һ顱ָһ
ҲκҲûӹɫͻȻһ䡣
䣡
ǰըһ󶴣ɶڿУѪͲͣ硣
ܵ˾ͺأʱҪг޺ͷŭ֣ƶز
ٴαϼˣֻһ£͸оҪЩܲסˡ
æƵϢԷڣȴ֣һЧûУ͡ˮһ㣬ںϡ
ǳʸʣõ˲ʹãүΪαװŵˡ
ҡҡͷӹȡһöҩ̷ȥɫһЩڵ
Ķֻܼ߲ʹãүܹαװһģһȴ
ȥʦ½ֻǰϢ˵ݣδֿαװķ
⡭
ջػٴ̧ͷеġ顱ȥ
ֻԷδɱĿѾ˵
˵ʵڵʵȷںЩ
϶һ֮УɱԷȻˡ
أ
û˵飡ٴָ
أ
ʥīʥԼʣµļλʥߣͬʱɣͬݷףѪ
ɱǣ練ƣǶ޿κΡʵǿʳʵҵˣһǣһεѡᣬѡˣɡ
ٴα󣬡顱ĮĿд޷ܾϡ
˭ͬ⣬ͻᱻնɱ
ֻҪ㣬Ͳɱǣ
ʥһλʥҧ
Ȼⲻɱͳһ壬ʦ½ͳ£ӵȨ
顱
⡭
λѯʵĹʥͣһ£һһףҧԸ⳼
ӹʣֻǶ飬Ҫ֮ȡ棬ڡ顱֣ʱȻ֡


1839 ľ
ܴҲʶʱ񣡡
һ仰һλʥѣ顱һЦ¶֮ɫٴ˿أ
ҡ
ӹλʥһ֪λش
ϾҪʤˣðǿߣǸû취
ӹʣԲסˣΣҲ㡭ǷĶ飬ٻ
ͣټһλʥһת顱˹ȥ
ǰѡ񣬶ûʲô
ҡҡͷӹʿʣλʥ
ȴͬʱĿ⣺ôãˣϲԵ֣֮ʷУӹʣȹң㹲ˣ
ҲǣҽʥӦ㣬ûŻȥ
̰ҲЩ塣
ˣҲ֮ʿ
л
֪ԸվԼߣӹǸмʥ
ʲôӲ첻µأʱԣϲΣɱңҲҪһƤ
ʥһЦɭɭ
˵Ķ飬ȻҪ֮ˡ
϶Ҳ˵ˡ
ٴοīʥᶨӹ֪˵棬үô죡
ô죬Ȼƴˣ
΢΢һЦһǹٴһ
ƣ
ֱ˳ȥǹһӰλ顱ڡ
֣
֪û·ӹҲӭϡ
ʥϣƺʱݣǣһ㣬ݣ󷨡»ɢܡ
ʥǿʵ̫ˣһܻ飬οôͬʱ֡
һȺ֪ߵغϣ
Χм䣬顱һЦ˫ַҲк˵ĹͻΪΣû˿Ч
еǹԷ£Ѫһ
һ鼮֣һ˫ֱۣӶֱǰġ顱ץ˹ȥ

͡顱ƶһһֱûκβĺߣ۾Ź⣺ǿߣ
Ȼһ۾Ϳ˺ǰʵһҲﵽգڵǿ
ϡ֮أȻܵǿߡ붼š
°ɣ
һǰץ
˻
ռ䱻˺˵ֱۣ޷⣬
ϰĹǼܣռɻȱٴȺͽţʵֻеѪ۷壬ͶԷһȣ˺ܴһأǶ֡
ȱݣ
˹öԷչʾʵæͨͼݡ

ζһ£δ鼮
üëһ
֪ȱݣ˻͵Ϯͼݷֲˣô
ѵһﲻģ޷̽飿
ðһ뷨
Էһ飬ʵǿĹ֡
᲻Ϊû취̽飿
ˣ
֪ȱݣȥŪȫ䣬һͺǹһ
ӹʵ˶ûκλɣҲͬʱͷųǿ
¡
ų޴̻񱩵ˣ÷Բڣû˸ҽӽһͣ£ƿռ䣬룬ͷּԷƺ뷨Զġ顱ȻԲٹڵĿռ䣬׽ˡ
ǴǰߣҲûˡ
һЦ顱ǰÿһ͸ϲɿѹȸС
һ̫ǿˣ۴һ棬ûȱݣĲࡣ
ǸǿߵĹǼܸңҿǲ
ѹȸУٲߣ顱һЦ
ˣܷŹǡ
ͫһʼæ
ôҪָ㣿
תһۣ⵽ػٴεɶ顱һ˦䣬һ䡣
ô
Է顱ٴ
Ѿ֮˵õģΪļһǸǼܣȻҲ
ҪǼܣ
ҡҡͷΣ
˴Ӻ֮ǰ͸ºͣΪԼˡ޿ܣ
ֻòˡ
˵˼顱Цһ𣬱ֱ
ݣس١
һ˲䣬оԼľ꣬񱻰һ㣬ϾҪ
ƴˡ
֪ûʲôҧһ

һ鼮üĴ˳ͳһαʮɴС
һ֮ᣡ
ͼݣһֱûã˿Ҳܲôֱ࣬Ӽ˳
ʲô
û뵽ԷͷûֶΣһҪԼ顱Цãһã˵ҷֺЦˡ
꣡
δ䣬ͷϡ
ǰһڣ顱оʶʼɢ
ͨ
ڵϣϾ˺

һ˲䣬ѻȸ


1840 ӹʵĽ
ӿҪһᡣ
Ѫͨ飬ţ̶Էݺ壬вζû뵽һ鵱
ͬأʹ۾¿ˡ
ռĳǿߣһ顭߲ô󣬽
ٴѪ
鵰ҪҪôӣ
㲻ţģ˭ں
Ūôڹ֮
һ˽֡
ǲţ嵽ǰһԴѿȫ·𱻳׳գȻĲ
ҲͲס˳
ôôù
ѪָƵڿɽҲɱ
Դλû˳
ҿλ飬û뵽ûüɱԼ꣬򣬿϶Ҳȥˡ

ʥīʥӹʵҲ໥ͣգ۾
ΪαɣѾȣû뵽˱ʡ
ˣү᳤һ飬ͽԷ
̫˰ɣ
ոշתͶ顱ͳʵλʥһ
ֻͣҪţƽƣתĿܡˣ׵˳ӹʣԺֻᣬ޿ˡ
顱޵ôҲôס
ֱ飬ͬһ±ơ
֮ᣬֻǲѵĶţ൲סԷһ£ҲͰˣûϵֿ
֪ͽⶫŪˡ
֮ǰ֮նɱͷʥһǿߵʱ򣬶еڻɱλ׾١Ӧúϴνйأ
ָ˼
ãɱλѪʥ˲ɱȴɼ죬Ӧúں˴йء
Ҳ˵ͼȻ޷͸λ顱γ֮ȴԶԷ
ӹʣˡ
һȥٶ˵һ顱ǰ
ǿߵҪܹƳ޻ˣ½޵֣
ؼǣл˽λ棬ȥѰصټ
ڣӹʺͳʵĶԹѾﵽҲԼˡ
лү
үڲ֣ɣӹмٴοԶĳʣʣʴ㲻ȴ巴ңö˵ҲӦ֪ɣ
ܿܣȻˣ޻˵
תͷһۣī顢ȹʥסܵĿռ䣬֪ҲӲ³һʵ
Ӯˣƿ£ˡһ
£Ϊܲˣû뵽ǰȻࡣ
֪Ҫıԭ򣡡
⸱̬ȣӹҲ¶֮ɫ壬ߣԹһΪԴ游ճΪǿߣһ˥ӳʾ쳣츳ˣϧңҪңٴλָһĻԻͣ󣬶ûɹԣд˾ֻҪһº£ϧⲽߴˣ
ӹ¶п֮ɫ
ߣϹʱڣΪˣŹԡ顱֣ƾճһλʦһλˣ֮⣬ŽȨеӹһ
ΪԹĻߣȻöֳ֮һĻ
˵żȻʵҲǱȻ
κνô
ʰ֡
ӹҡҡͷҲ̫СˡȻ˵ܿܣٸһλᡣķڷ
᣿
ܼ򵥣Ҳ˶֣ҹƽӮˣ뿪סˡ
ӹʿ
ԷΪԹѾãҲΪϵĹϵȻˣǾƾԼʵɣ
˻棿
̧ͷ۾
Ϊɣû뵽һҪƽ
ǰ϶Ƕ֣ԷôأԼҲˣȴҲлʤĻᡣ
ӹʵͷ
¡
ʥһ£̲ס
ҳӣһϣͺˣﻹ᣿
ȥɣ
īʥҲ˵ЩʲôͼԶ˰֡
ӹʵ뷨֪ĺ
һݺᣬһγôĿһεĻ顭ܵˣûе˸ʹ
ȻԷһֱӹﲻôһս֪ʵ
һ
Ҳļֺͽ
ǣ
īʥͻʥٲ˵ͬʱ˵ͷ
뵽㣬ȻҲ׹ֻ˵İˡ
ӹһ·֪ƵΣֵܼڣȻܲˣսɣ鶼Ȳˡ
֪ҪȥսֻΪеĽ
ѹӹӵ˴ţȷŹ֮


1841 
䣡
֮ľʼгһѺۣƺѪ
˿սĴӹʲҰ׵ɫء
ʥӰټǿΧûָ־ôս顱Сѵ;ƿݵĵز
ܵڣȫƾеǷݼ֡

ҡҡͷȥ
ʵֵز˭˭ӮѾҪˡ
֪ӹһӮҲһὫնɱ
ƴƴӹּȥ
˵ӹˣһˣڣܼܲصסδ֪
ȥǼսעٴμǰʬϡ
λ顱ͺ˵ʬһǿƥ޷ƻȻȥͬɢͨ˶޷ơ
ڵӵ˵ѪʵǰеŨҵѹȡ
ܿɨһ飬εҡҡͷ
ΪԷϲԶϻвٺöȴһףɶûС
ָû֡
ǿռ̫ǿ󣬲
пһһץ㽫ʬսָ
ȻûƷʬ壬˵ıһ޻ˣݺأη塣
䣡
оꡰ顱ʬ壬ǱߵսҲβȻµһʾƻָ˲٣ɲӹʵĶ֡
꣡
һǰߵԴշֱƺš
㡭ȷǿ
ʿзһ仰۾ϡ
֪ףӹʣȷҪǿ̫ˣѣȻȡ
ͨ
ʬ嵹ڵϡ
үȻˣϾ֮һ뽫ᵽĹ
үһʬ壬۾ٴηŹ⣬ӹʼæƣǰ
ʾܷԼ񹲷ߵ£ɱϾǻ壬ҪƳ޻Ҳûκιʡ
Ҳգ
㬵תͷȥ
ӣʬòˡ
лү
˿ӹһڵϣŸеˮɢ䣬˵Ϊµ䣬ʱϾ

תͷԶѡĴˡ
¡
ǰۿ졣
ǰλȻദʱ䲻ȴĶ鲻С
Ҵ޽õһУȻˡһ̵ĺô
˵ָſǰһץ

ܵĿռͱסҪ
¡
ƺ֪ԷҪʲôǽ
үĹʥ֮һá
סӹתͷ
Ҳɣһ˹
ӹ򿪣һ̽ڣһΣͷ
¡
ȫ򱻽꣬ӿ
ǹඥ֪٣ԼΪʹ˻Ϊˮһٹλˡ
ʥҡҡͷ
ඥ֮ǿ߽ԼΪ󱲣˵򵥣ʵȴޱȡ
ȣҪͬһУŲͻΣඥߣҪűľģֻẦ˺Լƿصʮ־ϸû˿©
湦䲻αװκȴҲͳӹһʮ˲ܵõʶڡ
ˣӹʲŸĺ߳ܲס
¡
䣬ﱾʹﵽླԲɶڹʥ֮£䣡һƿ
ʥˣ
֪׽ʱ٣ӹʲͣЪٹ䡣
Ϊﵽʥھøӿո졣
ʮӺӹһ͹ɾٲʣ丵Ρ
꣡
١
֮⡣
ʱ󣬷ȻЩǱȴɹɹ׽٣ΪһĹʥǿߡ
ҽȫ㣬˺һڣͻƵѪ粻ѡ
ʧȥӹʷ·һ˼ʮ꣬û֮ǰͯӵģһλߡ
л¡
ݵڵأʱ䡣
Ȼӹʱ£ΣӵúٻϼӦûûģȫԼԾĹӦóˡ
ߺ塭ͽˣ
΢΢һЦӹʿӽ쿪ʼµĳӹʣ
˵һ㣬һھͷ˲ֱӵ
壬һߵڡ
ӹʣǷţ֣˭̳ڣ˭µӹʡ
ҡ
һ˵
ˣͳʾѾ㡭
ӹҡҡͷͼ䣬ԶһٵķХһӰֱ˹
ǻʣ
ͻأֵӰȫüͷԾ衣


1842 նɱǻ
ǻȻӹ˭Ҳκ͵ϮӹʣˣѾΥ˴塣
ɱ׺ȥҶԷû뵽ȻԼˡ
˰Ծ裬Ϊʱսʱ򣬵ǻֱӹڵأﳼǣӹʱ£ǺǰȹǺͽŹǣѰҹ
һǼܳǰɢǿϢ
Ǻ˻ʣµĴȹǺͽơ
û뵽Ѽ
ʱɱʹˣ
ʥߡ
һƢ𱩣֣˭ǿ˭Ը
ʲҷҧҧԸκγͷ
ˣԭ£ᱻնɱһ
ֳô󶯾㶼û֣뿴˭ʤ͹鸽˭ɣƤһ̧
һ˵ʹ棬̧ˡ
ô󶯾нˣΪ֮һ֪ܲ
û֣ʳױɱðԣڵȴ
ˣӮǳʣҲóͬıܹ
ҡһֻˣܱס
ǻʵͷ
ӹҡҡͷҲ˵ǿһδã
ѯʣڿˡ
ʹ͵Ϯ£ڲˣԭ£ǧˣҲԭ¡ҡҡͷһ򣬹ҵһֱնɱ
޹زɷԲ
ɱһӰ٣ЧȣԺ˶ıΪߣƿ£
񶼳
ӹҡҲʹƻ󡭡
û뵽׳ȹǣҪɱǻһɫһס
ΪѪǿߣ֮һ˹ƻ󡭡ֽڣ˵ʲôţ
ҡͷ
ƿһĻߣʲô˶ܱƻģ
ҪľͲֵһǮˡ
ⶼǽڡ
ʵܼ򵥣Լ֣ҲˡΪɱӹʣƿضԷȨõֽ֡
ӹʵɣ
Լλɱˮӹ˿
͵ģԷԼһ̫࣬𣬼Ȼ˹ϣҲͳ׷ˡ
룬λ֣
Ӧ˵ͷٶ˵̧ͷīʥͻʥ
¡
Ѿˣǻɫһ䣬תߡ
ûԶһŻӿµסȥ·Żʥīʥͬʱ֡
ʮӣնɱ
ǻ֮УڿˣûлָλϵĶ֡
ү
ǻӹٴο˹һƿˣսƽү顭
ʵĵģߣλү
ɳ̫죬ʵ̫ǿˣʱգȻһλʦ
븲壬ֻڵָ֮䡣
ţƾ谰ǰĹͣضԷ᲻֣ˣʵǳŪãᱻֱӸɱ
ʱˡ
㲻ʣҲףֻҪλүһգͲκζ򣬱ɡ
ġ

˵ʵιѾ׽ˡ
СٽܵԼݣٶȿ죬ǿԺ壬ʥصǿߣԽԽ٣ܺ忹
ολε֮ʣԼѧԼƴӣ
ΪǣûҪϾɱ
պţܸʦѹԴΪĥʯ嵮ǿߡ
̫ݣҲ˥䣬á
ܣҲǵʦͼûˣ׸
Ȼ˱ɱǿҲǶ֣ΪֻǸսӹ˷ӡûн壿
лүˡ
֪үһŵǧ𣬲ܷڣӹ˿תͷлүɱ֮
л
Ｑæݵ
ˣЩĻˣңβϵأҹȥȥܶԷ뷨
һ鴦ϣҲôԼ˽ˡ
Ҫϵ񣬱ǧҶɽϰڳ̳ӹĽ͡
ǧҶɽ
ü
ɽʱԷ˵һΣһ壬ΰĸɽףƲ񷣬صĽݡ
ǣɽ룬ӽ顭
ӹʽ͵һ䣬ԸѾμķڸˣҺүһȥ򣬽һΡ
ã
Ӧһһץͽӹʴŷתһླǿ߷Ըһ䣬Էȥſǹ룡
ţ
Ҳ˵նԷָķǰȥ
īʥʥһ£Ҳæ׷


1843 ֣
ǧҶɽ𣬴ֱգͬڵϵıǹ
˵ɽǵʦ˽սԷһɡһϷУīʥһߵ
̾ȻĹ񹤣ҲǸп
һ˿ɽϷǸԲʮĶƽأмһֱҵԲʯ̨ԶԶȥǸȻļ̳
ǹͨϲԵĵط
ü
ӹʵ˵ͷ
Ҫʲô룿ȥ׼⸱ӣö˵ڵ
ʼ룬ҩʯϡƷȼʮ˵ƿռݣٻ顱֣ԼҪأӦҲûôס
ҪĶѾ׼ˡ
ӹתͷ
Ҳ˵ʯ̨ǰȺƬ̣֮ǰԸλླǿߣǰݹһöָ
һһѽɫӳǰʯ̨ܡ
ʼɣ
ЩԸһ
λླǿߵ˵ͷת뿪ԼһʱͻȻеһ£æתͷ漴Χ˸򣬸һâǱʯ̨ϵɿӿ˹
ǰ̫ͬʱ룬ͬʱϲԣ־ɳǡ
һȦīʥ׹
̫
ˣȵĵطÿּ룬Ҫר֣˼ϣɣ˴̫ͬʱ룬Ҳֻӹʲ˺Ҫɣ
īʥ͡
Ȼ
֮ǰԷ˵Ҫ룬ҪȰնɱʡǻʣõ֧֣ɣڿȻˡ
ִ͵ļ룬һ˾ɵġ
ղԸӦþλླǿߣȥ׼Щ
˵â֮ϣʯ̨֮ܿɫһ㣬߻ֱ䡣
ˡ
һЦӹм䣬ϥ
Ķۿһ졣
أԸԼ룬ϲԣ񡭡
¡
𣬳ӹһŻ棬ȼգת۱㽫ɡ
ɫһ䡣
Ϊνļ룬ֻҪѱͿԣû뵽ҪԷ
¶ԷˣδܹȥΪԼضȼգҲԸ⿴ġ
һΣǰڵ̽֡
ͣ¡
أϣΪˣѪ
ԸǷһ㣬µԭ
ѾӣΪү£ĸԸûӿӹʵȻһЦ
ݲ䣬ȼܵĲǻ𣬶Ȫ
ߣԱףһ˲Ͼõʹͼ尾׼ڶգһˣ֣ڳ١ʹġ
أԼ취
ĪܣһӣԷȻͬ⣬Ǿͻٵʯ̨죬ǿֹ
ļ룬ܡҲԸ⡣
û£һۻϢգ۹ͽӹڡ
Ϣ֣ӹȼյĻ棬𽥿ʼϨ𣬲ͣ˥Ȼ
¡
֮䣬ͬһ޴ŻһӰڼ̳ߴޱȣأɢµϡ
ء
æȥһ㶣˭
ֵλ񣬲أһİ֮ˡ
Ϣ񣬶ȷϣδ
ѾصԼĵطֻʹӶѣ
ӰתͷӦɣ
ȭͷһ
˵Ӱ˹ϲޱߵʱ򣬽ңҪʲôԳ֡䲻ԸǴӦˣһ䣬λ磬һӿȥģȰ㡭ǴͷɣȻ˺
¡
֮УŨŨѹȸУӵ˵ѪսɸеȫѪҺǱһ㷴ûС
ԷֻǸӰͱ֮ǰٻġ顱ҪǿĶ࣡
ҵ¡͹ģֻң񵽵˭ʲôطˡ
Ȼס񹬣ãԾڴˣƿռͿʦһҼ棬Ի㣬䣬ͱָˡ
һӰһ˦âԽԽ
ţ̧ͷ
Ӱͣһ¡
ǲǽ㣬ҪʲôԳ֣
Ӱüǵ˵ͷֻһΣҪҪ󣬲Ҫ˷ѻᡣ
ˣ˰֣һָλأͯӣˣʱȡ
ү
ӹ۾һ졣


1844 ѧ
ӹ֮أˣ궼Ѿʼɢûȥζû뵽үȻֱĻᣬöԷˣ
˵֮ǰ϶ԷүΪԵʣķڷ
λү¾ʱ̫ףҲ򣬵ˣԼĵߣѣҲ֣
˸ӣ޳裬ĸԸڵԭ
ʦ
ȭͷһ
أҲ׷ĻᣬˡԣʦʦͶء
ˣҵ£
ʥҲۿһ졣
ΪʥޣµľзˣΪԼ޳費ܲˡһ·Լλˣǵû룬ΪΪˣҲĸԸ
ͬ뷨īʥԺ˿ǰһĻ룬̬ӡ
үѾûˣΪ˷ѻᡭ
ӹҡҡͷ
Ӧĳ֣˵ӵʲôôЧֵ֮Ϊ˷ѻᡣ
ǲ˷ѣүоϣ
̧ͷеӰôȻ㣬ҪְңĵһҪò˰ɣ

Ӱͷһ۳ӹʣüȷҪ󣿡
ȷ
ͷ
Ǻá
Ӱͣһ£أѷ磬Ҫܣǡϲԣռݼ̣Ҫ˹ȥҲҪܵķɡɣҿԽߣ취Σûκΰ취ˣ
ҲУ˿
Ϊ׻ʦֻҪǻڣ͵ڣ໨Щ򣬳ϴͿˡ
ðɣ
Ӱٶ˵һץ
ԭһĳӹʣͷ­һᣬϾ˺ųڶԷģһӡ
¡
ЩӰâϷȥӰԽԽƺʱٴƿռݣʧ硣
ͻȻͣͷ­΢ࣺףΪʲôжˡҪǧ裬ϣܼ֡
˵꣬ԽԽأһʧԭأҲټ
һġ
ǰʧȥӰȭͷ

âɢȥ
վԭأȻʧ
Ȼûõص׼ȷϢȴȻףҪ֮һ𣬵ȷأҪľͻƣգ
ֻдﵽ־磬лᣬ磬ϲԣȥеİˡ
ˡ
᳤
ʥīʥǰ
תͷ
ߣɣ壬ȺףλȻȷΪӹʣΪ;鶼㣬ҿ硭
īʥĿһɱڡ
׻һнǱһ壬Ըǽ串ڣʱڵˣƾ᳤ʵһ£ȡ֮練ƣ
ûش˵ĻһЦ
ǰϥһݵڵأͽʦ
ͽʦ
һۣʥȫһ
ɶʱү᳤λγӹʣΪˣ
Ƕʦ״ӣһǰͰʦˡ
һЦڵĹָϵɱ¾֮ʧҲ𽥽ͣܿ˱ģ
㡢壿
īʥɴ۾
ǣ
ͷ
ûˣڼ
īͻʥȫˡ
ӹʸѾѪĴˣȻǻ᳤ˣѧ񲻵ڣᣬһȻУ
ˣҵ״ոձȷΪӹʣ϶вٷæЭһڣƽϢңһͳһ壬ȷΪΨһ֮ʣ
ٶ˵
ʡǻȻˣǵ£в٣ػвߣҲҪͳһոսܴУǳȻҪλ֡
ǶڣһܹΪƿµ֮ʣֻʱ⡣
ˣ᳤ģȫһ࣬æƽѣ
īʥͻʥͬʱͷ
ȥɣҪչһʱ䣬ƽңƿһҼɣ
֡
ͬʱͷ
ߵ£һ𣬿϶أƾնɱ顱ƣͳӹʵй£ɹѡ
뿪ڴԭز֪˶ãһΣ۵ռ䡣
˿Уպÿܲܽλ顱ʬ壬Ƴ޻ˣ
˳㣬ȹǺͽŹǣ취ɱ⣬ԼҲúѧϰ۲죬ȡմﵽ־磬Ӷգ


1845 һº
ھ޴ʬ߮ľԽԽȣ֮ҲԽԽϡ
Ѿͷǿʬĵڶʮˣ
ոսһȡʱ򣬱˵ѣڣ׻Ѿεʱܳƿء
չȻǿӱϽȻͬ
ʱĹ۲죬Ѿףּǿߣ⾫ۻ룬ҲͬǿֻˣĿռεܵ˿ֺ
ѾӲʥˣͶԷһȣǲһء
֮ǰǹ̲ͺˣڲףƿ˷Ҳ̲˵˵ֺˡ
ҿö֮ᣬûʹãؼʱ̲Ťתãʩչȫգ׶༪١
ڵľȻҵЩơ
۲죬ҲˣԷľ粼֣Ӻĺʮơ
תٶȿ˲٣ͨʩչǿս
һأ
Щ˼Ժгֹߡ죬֪ʱѾ׳죬ٲɡ
¡
׻곹׽ԷвķһһƳ

ߴʬվ۾ָſŻһ£̸е޾
Ѫ۷壬ƿһȭ
۾Ź⣬Զеϲá
ûʥǽΪѹڲླԲ
ƾʵʬ壬һȭѪ۷壬ȥû˸š
ĵˡ
׽ʬƿأоתһĴӶԷڷ˳صԼ
ڿʼͷʬ壬ĵƣݺ£η塣
ˣѾȹǺͽŹڵָֻһ֮ʱܿȥ
˸ǰ
۵ռ䣬ͽȹǺͽŹǸ˶ԷӽһµĴѾʵҲﵽʱͻƵ۷塣
ʮƿѪѪҺǼⶫӦÿָӶճɹ
һȡһƿ˹ȥ
֮ǰսѼ˲ٹʥ֮Ѫ㹻˻ָҪˡ
лˡ
ӹѪҺ˴Ÿм
֮ǰ£ϧ岻ټһֱǳڿ취ɹ׻ָˡ
ԷȥܣλָʩչǿսҪԼᣬ˵ٶҲá
ϥڵϣЩջϢԽԽʵ޻֮ǰķâ
˿̵ǵѪǿߣҲѿʵ
׻꣬ټϷ൱ڶɹĴιʥ٣ֻ취ڷϣԽĹ似
˿̵ʥٵĴ׻꣬ȻȹʥˣӵеѪս
ֻЩһֱûȶԷҲԽ
ֻпܣʦĳɾͣﵽ۷壬ա
봴ּĹ似ѡ
ҡҡͷüͷ
ԽֻҵԼ·ܳɹ츳˫κιһѧͻᣬһ;ƾմԼĶǶʱ
˼˼죬ûκͷ뿪۵ռ䣬»صǧҶɽ嶥
Ҳһˣ֪Ǳôˡ
һ£оƺЩ⣬ȥλ̳ӹʵλѧͿ˷Ӱ˹
ħʥͻʥ
һ²һһ޵ΪɱϢʱŽһ֪ʱϵ֪١
ˣ᳤
һһͬʱݵ
ôˣ÷ϻʵ
СѾɹƽĶңļλ䣬Ҫڼ̳ӹ֮λ
ʥ
֮ǰĸʱҲǣ᳤ҪҪȥһˣīʥҲдΡ
λ䣿ܺãĵͷ
ȻǳˣԼλѧеĳȲ٣Ȼ˳ӹʵй£ǽ˶ԷĹඥΪΪȻǿߣĲ
óȻмλ䣬ܷڣŪûֳЦ
ƽܣ˸ҼңЯƣ̳дͳΪһ壬ΨһĻߣӣȻ˸Ҷ˵ʲô
ƿһ壬Ϊ֮ʣȻҪȥ߰ɣ
΢΢һЦͷ
һֱԱòʦֵܣֻƿһ壬ɾ֮ΪʦҲеңȻҪ


1846 ̿
ķ壬ȫǣֻһĿģףһӹʼλ־
Ľֵϣʱʱ߹һλϢĳǿߣʥվǰ鲻ԽɪɪȻѾﵽ˴ʥ
ƽʱʵݺأܵ˿̣ҷӹʣƽĺͳһ壬ǿ߳˭֪ĸջ֮Упһλ˾ηĹʥ
Ҫ˵λӹʣһλˣһӹʣʡǻʹˣճ˶Էıǽϲʹһٻɱ춨޵еĻ
ֵϣһλ˵ˣȣɫ
⻰˵Ĳ԰ɣһǰǴսҿӹʵʱʥ𣬸޴Ӳ֣һ֪Ĺʥ֣Žʹնɱ
һλ·ɵ
սŹȥһ¶ѣ˵˵ģȻͬ
ǰߣһֱӹʵĹʵϣһսˣȫףĹһǰδֹĹʥ
λ֪Ĺʥ֪˭ɣ˵Цſ˹
ҡ֪
·ҡͷΧҲһã
û˵Լ֣Ժ󣬸δֹѲ֪˭
һʵ
ˢˢ
Ƕλظ֣ɻ󣬶֪Ǵճġ
ҵȻ֪
˵θڱ˵ЦЦź룬ָͣǰ۵ͭࡣ
˵ɣ
һͷҵķӰһöӹУҳॣ
Ǯ˵۾һæӹ䣬ٴλζһȣһЦѹ˵λعʥӹʱµ״ʦһλʿˣӹʱ£˳ɾͣճһƽ£ˣ˵λѱ˻ʥΪ޳裬īʥΪ֮ñ£õӵ
ӹʱµʦ
ţ˰ɣӹʱµõһӹʵĴУѵĶʦһӹʣ
ɡ
ȻǣһӹʣǺǿӹʦʸһ˵ӹʣλʦҪƺһү
˵˵
ӹʳƺүԽԽ˰ɣѲɣӹʵλʦ飿
ͷҵķӰЦ
Ȼ飬飬ܽϲʹնɱ˵ߣĿʦĺǰ˵˭
Ȼ
ϲʹ֣֪޵еƾնɱҲֻд˵еλ
ͻȻðĹʥ׽ɱҪ˵飬˲š
ӹʱ£״ܿ˼̴ͳ죬أһ£Ҳֵý飡
˵Խ˵Խ
ǰܺӹͬҵң
壬Ժ󽫻ԽԽǿ󡭡
塭

ȫǼ
ߣʲô飬ҿǹƻģŪʲôȨڣŪ
ͷһƲ˵͸еһһ¡
üëһ壬תͷȥǸµĸŮӣȥ
ǳϢĲҳԵġ
һ£һţ˵ЩʲôŮдű䣺ʦҺȥĻԼ⣡

һ£ϻ˵ﻰʦԸĸҲӣߣʦżˡ
÷ϻŮӵȴ·ת˼䣬һСԺ˽ȥ
һһܱյķ䣬ȫֶηӡʶ޷ݡ
żˣģ壬塣
ǺǣҳȥϢ
м䣬üëŮӣĿдɱεͷ
ʲôϢˣ˵һ¡
һ΢΢һЦһǹбǽϣǹâź⡣
εӹʣȷǸ˲ţƽ£Ū˸Ȩڵͷ˵Ĵڼǵˣ壬Ϊ˵֮ӣһĲˣ
룬ӵ
Ҳ˵ˣλӹǸ˲ţһĴ£ȻӻԻͣ»Σ
üëҲתͷмŮӣʦ㣬ڸô
λӹʸոռλҪ˹ģȻҪŪƣҲģ
мŮӣָӣüƬ̺󣺡֣˵Ķԣȥ峹һͳȷҪΣգԡҪΪǿλ䣬ֻҵʱ򣬽֮ɱ


1847 ˵ļƻ
ɱ
ȫɫء
λ䣬Ŀ¶֣ڽڲˣŪþͻȫû
ΪʲôҪѡʱ򣿡
ӿЩ⣺ʱ͵ϮʤһЩ
λ䣬壬ܵʱʱ֣ĺʣ
ô
˵Ĳмʦ㣬ǸղŴŮӣһδһԻׯصʱ򣬴ʱɹԷȨڵĻԾͻᱻ𴩣˸ո۵ģ޻۵ĿܣᵼķңҾ֣
ӵ˵ͷ
Է£ոյ̳ͱɱȷӰ˸еֻš
ڶһ壬ִ£ͬƿ£ڱһˣ϶ż飬ܶԷӵѹһеֶκɡŷԣ˸˵˳֣
ŮӽŵЩγΪλʣѹ֪棿ʱ֣Σأпܷȫģ
ȫӲ⡣
ЩĲˣδʱ򣬿϶Ҳڣ˶ʳ֣Ū÷ǵæпܵң͵Ϯף
Ůӵ
⡭˵
Ҫ˵ĵ⣬λʦĲ֪Զ
ȷпܡ
ǻʡһˣˣһͳ϶Ҳ޷˿˹ң޷̳дλȻɡ
ڵ˵ɣ
мʦ㣬ɢϢ˿һۣ׹ѣϣҸ۲īʥͻʥһϾʹǴҴ뿪ʧȥټĿǰǿߣֻҪڣǻ͸󣡡
δˣΪػߣΪͻȻ뿪
֡
ԭҲӦȥѹѣüλ˳ˡ
һʦңδ䣬רŴˣһĻڣ֮УҪ汲Ľ̻壬ʶӣҲתʵʱֻҪ죬ȫһٳɹ
Ȼˡʦ㰲žǣһжģ
ӵͷ
ǾͺãȻ£Ǿ׼֣
ʦվ˫ֱ󣺡֪ЩʲôʦӰټұȣ˵֮йϸ𡭡Ϊϴ裬ԾʦáǶֻ֪˶ĿֶΣʵһ壡̫أô̵ʱڿ϶ԻָӹʼλһͳֻڵϦʱѾѰңǱҪٶȣλλնɱ
ֻϴʦܵ裬ʦú˶֪ʦһ鿹⣬δҲǵʦҵǡ
Ȼ֪ʦģǾվҫ۵ĵطʦü
ף
⼸״
šӱ֣κ̡Ԭκ·塣
ʦԾʦãѾȥˣʦ£һǰҲһķֻ̽ʼûõʦϢ
˿ӹʼλٲ֣Ѿžۼڴˣ취
Ȼףھһʵ
ŵ˵ͷʦ뿪֣Լ봺Ѿﵽ˹ʥһأѪ۷壬սӰټҶ˿û˵ɣ
ǣ֣Ӧһ
ʦɱ˶ҪˣԼؽŬ츳ͻԵȻһٳɹͻ˹ʥټϽӽУӽһḶ́ѴﵽѪ۷壬ʱͻƣ
սǿƥһĶǿ߶˿
˵꣬ſԶһŮκҲͻ˹ʥȻû·ôǿսȴҲöӳ뻯ӰټǿϣҲױɱ
Ůһֱû˵鵭Ȼ
λӵ춾ѧκ̡
Ȼ˵˶֪ս֮оֲġ
ţҸǣˣ˭ҳֱӶʵڲУȫǡ
κû˿˵ȫǣϵıͶһֻһûκϵĲ
춾壬õʦĴкľͻ£ҲһǰɹͻƵ˹ʥ𣬾֣ܲôǿ󣬵ϳڵĶȺѡ
ֻҪҳٶ˶ⲻס
㸺ǣƣԬΣˣĵڶιʥ٣ʲôʱ
תͷԶӣü
һϴڿһιʥǿбѹȥڶΣ˶û֣Ҳ˵ǱȻܴ󣬿ɵĿǰûͻƹʥ


1848 
ҡҲ֪ԬͷΡ
ʦֵܣȫͻ˹ʥֻڵβϸ˵ᡣ
̫ʦˡ
ֻܻʹΪʳпУٴץһѶͣͣ졣
Իſ·壬Ŀдһ˿ǣһ̫죬ʲôԾ
λ·壬ʦ뿪ͬһԲĬΪȴ˼һı֣ҲŴﵽʥһѪ۷壬ȴﵽصѪˣ
̶һ£־磬ȥš
û£
·ҡͷͬϧ
ﵽʥ֮ÿһҪôһΪ̲ã׳ִ⡭
֣
λʦܣﶼãǲԸ˵ƺ«һ˱ܡ
ʲô£˵Ҳ飬ȴֻ֪ͷޡ³ʦ˭Ҳ֪ڵôˡ
ʦһöӡ飬·ͣһ£
ţͬʱͷ
ʦʱڿеõ౦ָˡ
ӡ׻һ᳤ʦδ
öӡУ̺ʮһʥĴ꣬һ¶գſӡ
·
ʮһꣿ
ȫʥϣ
ȫһ
ôһǿʲôľ磬붼룬ѹܽô죬ôΪ׻ʦ벻ѡ
ǰʦնɱʮһʿΣ᲻Щ꣬Щ˵ģ
֣ͻȻڡ
սʦóսڵؿߣʦսʮʮһʥǿߵ꣬ԲƾնӦպǴսۡ
ǵģʦδգȫˡ·ͷȭͷ
˶һ㶼ûգȫԼݶ飬ʵ̫ˣʦʦһֱô۰ѧ˽
·ʦܣѪڵʵ׻꣬ͺ֣һ𣬽͵Ϯ
֪ȹ̣δ̰ðֻ˿ŵ
·ͷʾԼס
ӱͻƹʥǣʮ죬ܵĻѾϤ˰ɣ
ſӱ
гǽͬдѾ飬ĿǰݷڵϵȺֻҪֵ֣ǽֳңң
ŮЦЦ
ǵЩ죬Ҳûţһֱܽ飺ңһ˵£һ֮䣬ǱɳĮǴﵽʥ𣬷򣬾ӳ
ʦһȺɱ
ǾͺãҶ׵ھͳһλӹʼλʱ֣
ŵͷ
ãˢˢվһɫء
սʧܡ
ٴδϸαװ˰θͣصֵȻˣӹʹǰĹ㳡ӿȥ
ǰȵʱ䲻漴һλߴˣϿա
Ҵӽ쿪ʼ̳ӹ֮λͳ¡
Уλӹʷתмĸ̨ȥ
㳡Զһʷ֮УһλõӰ˿
ԼѧܲʦֵܵѹȻ뿪û뵽գ˾޴ĳɾ͡
Ϊ֮ʣƿһ壬Ժ󣬺֮ìܣٲõġ
ڣһ壬Ըˡ
īʥҲЦ
׻һ踺أǱڴֻ꣬Ϊһ죬û뵽ȵˡ
ǰ
ͷ˵ͻȻüëһ塣

ı黹û漴һ͵Ϣӵ̨ϵӹʿӿ
ţһǹһ򼲴̶ܵĿռȫ
͵Ϯ
ħʥͻʥͬʱ۾ɱڡ
һ£ڵľ棬û뵽δϣȻ˲͵Ϯ֡
ˣھȥɱǡ
ʥִצһڣҪȥ
ýţﾲͺãһ£΢΢һЦ
䣿ʥ⡣
ûʲôǶӹʵһο飬ܹɹһ彫ӭ˿ԶҡʧܡٳҲü
վ
ȻԿǵ͵Ϯ׻ǹȻˣҲûʲôɵĵˡ
ߵȻǱߵӹӰֱ͵ϮҲ̲סһ㶡
Щ͹
ȭͷһ
Ϯʵ̫Ϥˡ
·ʦܡʦ֣ʦܣ
ǡôˣ


1849 ͬŵıȶ
Ժһţ漴׹

ε֮ʣ⼸λʦʦܣΪ徫Ӣ͵ϮҪնɱҲ޿ɺˡ
úãպҲôòҶʲôľ磡
ҪֹסˣȴҲ֪˿ǼλҪʱ̣͵Ϯ߳ʦֵܹϵʦĲֽһͣ
ͬʱеҲһɰ
Ҳ뿴겻ʦֵܣҲﵽʲôˮƽʵ
¡
͵תһȭ׻괸
ݣ޴·׻Ÿһ¶ͱٴ¡
ǿȭ
ͫһ·
ֿ񱩵ȭֻʦʦϸܹû뵽λε֮ʣȻҲʩչ
ѹܹƽ壬ƿֲ
һȭ·壬磬˫ͬʱӭ֣ĳǹŵĳ
ȭӭ˿
˳ӹȫڵʵȻﵽ˹ʥصѪڣ۷壬Ҳֻһ֮λʦ㡢ʦܾʱҲܿ٣һȣǲһء
أ
ƺߣˢˢˡ

ʿ»ܵæǰ
ûҵ֣
һߣֹס׼Ϲˣ͵һץ
ƿգеĳʱֶɡ
üһͫȻû뵽λӹʣʵôǿҲˣһ۾Ϳе⣬Ҫߡ

֪һɹ͵Ϯпܹһһȡ
¡
ʳ״򿪣һ˲䣬ΪģԲϰٹڶº˪ѩƮɣһٵģ
޴ѹ£ͣ͵ΪҲգ۹򣬵õͻơ
ʥڶأӰټҾ磡
ڿڣʹﵽ˲ླԲټʦͱˮΪһ·֣ܲӵдʹãȴҲ˵ʵʵ޼
ˣԬҲʦηˡ
Ϊһͻƣŵķâʢսʱ˷ӣһٲ޷ӱܡ
֣Ҳǰǹһն£û˿֮
⡭
ֵһĻüͷ壬鲻Խŭȼա
̶ûȺܼ⣬ʲôˣ
ԼڵľУȫ׵צ۹˵Ƕǣֱˣ
٣
п˵Ĺǰ˫գȭͬĥ̰ѹ
꣡꣡
֣ٴˢˢˡ
ʦ㣡
ʦ֣
¡
ӱκ̡ԬҲͲסҲˢˢ˹
ԬӲײȻûﵽʥ˿ʦӡټϳһιʥ٣ǿ̶ȣȹʥΪȻǿ
κ춾ʩչ޷ܵĿռ䣬ЩŤ
ӱȻûƷʵȴҲﵽ˹ʥټϸ緢ÿһжʦֵܣһּ֮Уܡ
⣡
֣ͬһ壬û֮ǰˡ
Ϊܳ࣬˶ʦ״似ͶԹ̵⣬ʦڵľУֻӹʵĴУ濹ⲻ
һʦеľУΪͬʦֵܣȻһϳʱⳡսҲͻȻȻֹͣ
أ
˼ǧϵķӦһЩ⵽й˼һѪ
겻ΪõӹʵĴУȻܹˣû뵽ôǿ
λӹЩŹ֡
ŵҲЩԾˡ
λӹʵսҪǿĶ࣬ӹɣǡôо˵Լ֪ô
ܹŹֲŹ֣㣬һϣҪˡ
֣üëż
ѹͳһˣһȻᣬսȴɣΪԼѾһŵˣζûϵӹʣ䲻Ǵȴһ˶սˣû¶ܼ
Ѳɡĵӣ
ȻΪôǿ
䣡
˴սͣ׵·ˣȫһɫǺ죬Ǽ
ʥĻսôǿ󡭡δ
ҪǣλӹһȻǿ
ˣ
˶𺳲ѵʱһͳȻڿը죬쳹ǡ
Χ֣ŵˣȫһæˡ
εӹʣҲԭء
¡
һӰ˫ֱ󣬻ӿ


1850 ֲʦ
ӰߴҲû̫ǿϢһ֣ȴս˫һ㣬һͣ¹һҶ
ô£
·㳡ϵˣȫԭء
ղŵսݣôһ˵ͬʱͣˣ
ӦǷ˿ռ䣬ֻѹס˫Ƕ޷֣
һλȭͷ
Ϊﵽվսʱͨռ䣬޷ȻҲˡ
ҪȻսݵ˫Ϊλͬʱͣ£
ռѹƵ޷֡ʵжǿ
λòᡭӹʵλʦɣ
һ˵ˣӰһģһսǷɵ̫ߣڿп
ѹһ·סˣ޷ս

˻Ȼһ
˵֮ǰ˵ˣ˵ӹиȡ顱ʦţһĻȫ׹
λʵ±ĻҪֲ
ô
ȺصһЩʥҲ
ҿΪһ־ôͣһҶʵ֮ǿԳ˵Ѫ
½ϻּǿߣ
˺ǰͿʦǶţΪʲô
⵹ǣ齵ʲôǿߣпܣʩչĿռƣô˶ûʩչһʵ֮ǿ󣡡

˸صĹʥһݷס
гֵӰǿΪƾ㣬˾η
Ƕ룬ǡλս̫Իˡ
ӳһ飬ͽϲʹһôˣӼ񲻸ֵס
ʦ
߹ӰﲻҶʦҪʲôͼһ֣ǰһ˹ȥ
类Ϊͣȴһ㷴ûУֱ߷ɣˤڵء
ղŴʲô⣿һǹ֮ͣһͻƫƫż֣Ͷ̥𣿡
㣬һգ˸ëأأ˵˵ϹѴܸʲô
޵УΪԼؿڵȭͷӢ°ȭͷɶȥˣԴɶȥˣᴸײˡ
һȺܼ⣬ҲսһȺҲĺã

ԽԽһͷĺǳ⡣
ɶ
첻ֱܼҵĲٰܼңȥ˵ġ
ʦô̳һȺ
ʦĺǳ⣬š֣ȫɫǺ죬޲еطȥ
Ϊʱޣʦ⣬û뵽ô
ʦ˵ĺܶԣǸʵ࣬ȷû֮ǰϣЩ߰㡣
ȻƾǸһӹʣӦÿѹġ
㣬Ūʲô⣿ηηţߣʸƨһǶûУղŲϣһȭܱĳһĳǹǻܡǻкô£
ǳ֣ˣתͷٴͷĺǳ⡣
һû˵ģûԼ
ǺкĵģɿȺһԽԽңҲ̲ס
ʦҡ
ɫǺ죬˵ȴ˵
ˣȽ⼸һߣ̳лλŪˣң
ڷϻһץ

ŵ˱ս۵ռ䣬һΣʧԭء
ǵսôǿλУȻƨǣ̲סָ㣿
ס˵սΪû·ȥˣ
ôսȥҪַ֣ӱɱ

·һͲ˵
ղӹʺͶԷսľʳ̶ȣ¼꣬Ϊ䡭λ顱УСӹҼһЦ
˰죬˶û
죬ǻ𣿡
˲֪ãһλʥĿԶһλ
ƨղŵսҶûͱҪ֣̱ӽ쿪ʼӹʣʲôһȫӣ
λҧ
ԷȻ˵˼䣬֮ǰսټ⣬Է֣һûУֱ֮ܶʣôѧ
˵ôǿʶ֡Ĳ
֣ƨô죿˼컹Ҫϰأ
ͬһĻҲط
֮ǰӹʼλ궯ܲܳû̵ôԷλʦһ־ͷסռ䣬ս˫Ǻĺǳ⡭ָսȱݣȫŵٲҶˡ
滳ɣٸҶ֣Ҳͬᱻץߣ֪
λʦʵֲ̫ˡ


1851 
˵ɣƽʱôǵģ
ǰһŵˣ̲סеŭ
ΪﵽʥҪһҪԡΪͣĥ£սﵽޱͳһлգλ档
Ⱥһһ㶼ѹƣֱӳʥؼǣִôãûʤŪɶ⣿
ôҲϣ
ҾǽһȺҲôɣ
ʦ̵ǣġ֣С
ƨ˵ϣǲǾڶΪʥβͿ̵ˣ
תͷԶ·壺ΪߣǿĹԸң
ң·һʦŲླԲ
ѪˣʦŲླԲ֣һʦˡ
ôѾԳʦˣƲʦ
ɫһ
ҡ·æҡͷ
Ҿͱϻ֣
üëһǳ⡣
ǣ
·һҧ׻üֱ˹
ϣĿ硣
ŵˣȫˢˢֶ֣ʦˡ
ʦ츳ླ͵Ѫʵ̫ԶˣһˣͰѴˡ
Ϊʦĵʱһֱûжʦһ˹ȥ
žણ
·廹ûӦ޴׻ͽĵ棬Ǳǧʯѹסһܶ
νĵѪüë
ҡ·ɫߺ죬˵
Ҳһɴ۾ǲš
·ʵǳ֮ǿʦȻһƶûס
ʦֻǲླԲ벽ʥǣ
ˣϻˣһϰɣղźϻӹʵ
һɣſ·ѹƣߵ
ǡ
ź֣˶һۣͬʱ˵ͷ
֮ǰʦʵͣڿһ֣ͽ·ģ˿ûз֮ǡ
ʦǰǸʦָΪǳɳû˿ı䡣
һϢһ罭

ŵȳ֣ݺᣬǿͬ쫷籩ն£ʣµλʦʦãǡֵϣĹø
ֹУ·һĺеĵʱᱻ񱩵ĺû
˿ȫһƽľ
ûκα飬ͻȻǰ
䣡
յķ磬ֹͣ˱˳ţ֣ˢˢ˼һѪڣݷס
ǵĵһȱݣ
ǰһܣ
ٴΧûǰָһٴˢˢˣܵ˸ˡ

Щֲסʱʦ͵
ҧҧݣֻüǰ
أ
ÿǰͻᱻɴÿ˵ԽԽأҪֲס
˼ʮΣͣ˫趯һָÿѧڣͬʱһƿУѪҺӿ
¡
ЩѪĹʥ֮Ѫ˵ƣٻָΪӦÿģ֪ΪΣǵûʼ𽥽͡
֣Ӱټҳڵʵʮӣ»صѪ۷壬м͵ơ
Ҳӹʥһ۷ڡ
Ȼˣ˾ķ֣սȴ˺ö࣬·壬֮ǰȻﵽ˵ѪڣʦĴ»صӰټҾ磬Ϊ˽һ󼶱սȴ֮ǰӿֲ
ǻ壬ʵʻƣһΣѪǿߣԷ֣ڵֻ̬Ǹ׻ꡣ
ǽԽԽãҲ˶ܷӳǿι̣ߵԶҲֻǿ¥󡣡
ƺЩʲô˫ֱĿд⡣
ˣǸԷָһáʺԼ·ԼЩѧѾ̤żˣԼָ㣬Ǻ;
˿̣ǽΪҲ䣬Լ·ǰ֪һһϦһ͵¡
Ҫ㹻ĺľ
ͺԼڲླԲӽһ£ͬûżͻơ
ʦǵǹʥҪߵøߣԶ
Ŀأվ綼ﲻ̸ֺһֱ棿·壬ӵô֧֣׻ۣȴΪϣʵ鸡ҲǰڵģһﵽѪ۷Ҫƿݣ߾磬ᱻٵʣ
ȫɫ
Ϊȫͻƣٴμʦõ佱û뵽ᱻǳ⡣
£Ҳ֪ʦһģһǣ÷˱
ԣʱµı仯


1852 ֮
ˣ͵ɣ
һٶ˵
Ϊﵽʥ𣬵ĴھѾû̫ˣҪ츳Լ
ЩѧΪڵ̫ӶʧȥԼӦеĴŪЦ
ʦӹҲѧһҲ̲סʵ
ʦֵҲˢˢ˹
˵λӹʱһλʦΪΪȹ̻ȨŶ׫ģû뵽ȻԼʦ
ǵڶûϳ˭ҡҡͷ
ϳȫס
ӱʲôɫһ䣬Щѵʦܣ
֮ǰһֱλӹʵսЩŹ֣Σշܹ֪ǵȱݶŤת棬һɺϵҲˣһֱˣѰζˡ
ղžͻǲǣڲףпʧλʦܡ
ֻôܱ֮ʣαװ˿
ȻҲ£ʦеõ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ûзϣȷһЩڵݣǧй¶ܴ鷳Σա
ȻԷڳƿһ壬Ҳǽ˵ǰϡ
һȷݱ֪Ե˳˷ŪãոȶȨͻᱻٴƷ֮ǰŬṦһ
ԣǵ͵Ϊá
һѩϲҫԶģ
Ȼǡ
ʦ׿ȷϣŵȫЦá
ΪʦˣЩ֤Լζû뵽ʦѾ׽һˡ
λʦܻʦ峹ױĸӹֻʱ⡣
۵ռٴλصǡ
λڼ˵֮ǰٸ֣ʺһЩ΢ʣ˸ղŵľ·û˸ɺͷ
ǵĻߣûܹ
ʢˡ
˵ж¶Ρ
ڸߴϣĳȣĲѡ
ûʦֻһλͨѧԱڿƷ߶ﲻ˿ȴƿһ壬вΣգΪá
֮ǰζȥġ
ûзԵĻԽԽվ·գΪ֮ʡ

˵һ壬µĻߣڼλʱȡ1000ںƽ
ʦϣܹлУһгڵؿڲ
һУȻдʦӿУѵǾͲûγ
Щ˵ʵʲôҪǣᳫʦصƹܣ˿ȥʦڿΣᳫɻ飬ҪıĽ࡭
ʦ½ʦãҴʥûг˯ǻһ𣬿ǰ౨һǼһı顣
һӹͳһ£Ѿս׼ζû뵽λλߣȻֱܹӿô
ЩһʵƾƺͬӴԺս£޷չ
ҾӦúʦ֡йأ
ĬƬ̣˭֪׷ʲôһλͻȻڡ
ʦ
˵ʦ֣λϵʦ
һλʥ̲סʵ
֮ǰʦԼλʦʦ飬ʥ˵ˣҲ֪λճžȻͿʦһ춼ѾϿɡ
鱨Ѿˡʦ
òΪ¾ͽһöԷ彻ðɣ
һλʥЦ
ôˣͬȣһ궼飬һʥûﵽļһ²ɣΪǹҼأ
Ǩʥ˵Ķԣʦǲǽ飬̫ˣ
йʥԡ
ǲļ򵥣һ֪
ʦûκżǵĿλε֮ʣʲôزҶ˵Ҳ˰ɣ
Сͷһϣһλʥȷĵ˵ͷ
λ֪ʦаλ״һʧٵѧֽ
㻳λӹʡ
ôӽλӹҲðһʦ
ʦԼĲ²˵˳ؼǼλͻȻֵλ͵Ϯߣ鱨š֣ȫӶԷʦĻһ㶼ûзʦ֣ʵ벻ʲô˻ӵ
ͬʱĬ
ʥǻȫͬ죬ô֤ݶѾˣٷϼֱ̡
ʦѧǹƥͳһ壬ôоôأ


ʮ ʦ㼣


1853 ŵصİ
֪ʵݣѾʦ˲³˿̣ڿУӲš
λ֮ʣѾȥһ¡
˿̸չ꣬⣬ϲζ
ʱ䣬һֱָ㣬·ʱ»ص
ûжԹûΣûиָеʦƽദÿ춼֪ʶжɹΪһµϲΪһ˷ܡ
ٴϵͳѧϰŵ鸡õ˹̣ʵսԬҲڶγʥɹ
ͻƵ˵Ѫ۷壬峹ƿأ޷ѵ
ʵֻǲླԲϢӳȣľȹ̣ƺҪͻƣһͿɡ
µḶ́Թʥ˸⣬սҲ˼ǹ֮£޵֡
֮ǰλ顱Ҳһжֵסˡ
죬˽ǼܲټѪ⣬Ȼӵ˵Ѫսֻ֪ΪΣֱ뿪
ֻӵ˿ռ飬磬Ӧûһξ룬ҲҪﵽ۷壡
һʱΪ׹͵ͻ־磬ܽһλ棬ʦҲڽǸ飬ֱץˣ
ͣ׹
Ҳԣʦ뿪ʦ½ǰӵʵ˵ּ𣬻뿪
򣬵ĺˣҲڱʦɱʬǷɢأԼѼһ࣬ųҵˡ
ʦҽһ鼮ȫһ飬֮ǰֵ飬壬Ҳ񣬶ϲԣ
Զ˹ȭ
ʱ䣬ָӣ֮ʵݣĴ̽ڡ顱Ĵ˵ݣѰҳصʵݡ
ϲԣ
һλ棬ʦ½Ȼͬϴ飬磬ӵкܶࡣ㹻Ĺʥ֮һǧʦ½ǿıأҪѸݣ
͡
壬ӵк͡顱ͨЩ飬Ȼĺ٣󲿷ֶǴ˵ȴҲв٣мѭġ
ǰϲԵͨѾ׷գ·ϾԷҪҲҪѼۣмɣҪȥȻɡ
֪ʦЩʲôͣһ£һ¡
ϲԷգ·ϾĬ
Ͳ³ˣǿҲⷽ磬ڶ޷Խ
Ҳ飬ʦ顭ץסλʹûãʧȥټڲ²⣬ӦȥϲԡӰټҲ뿪˴½ȥһĵطأһֱûع½Ҿãʦʧ٣Ӱټҿ϶֪ӦҲ鲻ˣ
ŵ
ͷ
Ҫ˵ϣڿʦ飬˭֪࣬Ӱټң
һУ֪ࡣ
֪ӰټҾʲôطתͷһīʥ
Ӱټҵϵһ˳ӹʣĸ֡ӰټҾģʦÿ֪ܲܲ
Ӧ龳
īʥһ£
龳ɻ
ؾż٣һš
ʦ½вٹŵأػ᳤˵ɣֹŵأûʦãȴӵԭʼѪˣ»ָ
īʥ
ͷ
ǹŵأˣѪŻᱻ͵ͬĻԬΡ
龳λģҲ϶ЩŵйءЩŵؾǽеڣ
ͣһ£īʥ
ֻԷϵû뿪壬ӰټҾλã֪
͹ŵйأ
üͣƬ̣Ҵһ˭Ըţ
˵ʵʱҲ֣ΪλᴩԽյѧš
ûʦĹŵأûеô򵥣˿ԷĻиĲοȥ
ҪȥһˣҲȥˡ
΢΢һЦ
ʦ磬˿̳ΪһУﵽ˹ʥȥ
ҲҪȥ
ӱҲͷ
ʣµļˣҲͬȫȥ
ͱȥˣɣ˺һˣ
˶뷨ЦЦԸһ
御ͳһˣǶ֮ΪΨһߣĻ׳ֱʡ
ǣ
ǲģǵ˵ͷ
ʥ˸Էٴν
ʥͷ
߰ɣ
ȫ꣬һЦȡǹһ̣һ֣ͨ˽󣬱ֱ˽ȥ


1854 ʶŮ
߳ͨǵؿ߷ӡ»صʦ½ٴƿռ䣬ʮӺȻϿա
Ǹһ־֮Уƺ벻ţǿ
һ߽ĺѧԺѧԺһδƺ˺üȦ֮ǰˣڣģʮҲܷ¡
㣬½ѰʦڿΣٲ͸ϲˣ
ǸͻƶʦҪ𣿡
˭֪أʦڿΣǲɶõĻᣬȥһ£϶кܴôʦҿĿΣȻֻǶ̶̵ļ֣ȴǳˣ
㻹ʦĿΣ
ǵȻû˵ɣʦѧУǵĽʦλ½ѰʦҪ󡭡

У԰֮УһȺ˾ͼҴҴ߷Ӷ
ŵˣͶ󣬺ѧƣ仯òöԷϲʮ
οǶУһˡ
½Ѱʦˣÿ졭
ˣһ£΢΢һЦ
λ½ѰԽʱ򣬿ǵĽʦӱţȥĿѧϰֻϧԼ˺
һǰֻǸͨǽʦȡһʦ֪ԶھȻѾﵽˣ
仯湻ġ
ʦҪҪȥ
ЦЦ
ͷ
һλˣȻҪȥˡ
Ȼ֮Щ죬Ҳ׻⣬˵ʲôˡ
˶ĵطȥʱ䲻Ȼһվڸ̨֮ϣ̬ׯϡ
ò½Ѱ
ʱѾԼĶʣһʦۣǰҫŹԡ
ʦ
ǰֵطּǿߣǾֵܳġ
Ǽ
뿿һЩλʦҪЩʲôͼһŮǰ
ʮģһɫ·üӢ䣬͵ţЩơ
½ѰʦڿΣרŹ
˶һۣӱЦ
½ʦĿΣҪѧԱ֤߽öҡⲻշѣʦеıꡭ
ƣŮһ
ң
˻Ȼ
ʦְҵȻУҲҪ桢ˣܶʱڿгġ
뿪˺ѧԺﻹѧԱ֤ǡôʱóңҲȷ
ָУ͵ȵƷҲͻ˾Ʒʯˣ֣ͲεĶûС
ѧԱ֤ûУҲûһöҩ͸㣬ܲͨһ£
˰죬ҳһö͵ҩ˹ȥ
ҩ
Ůɴ۾
ƽʱʦģҩ裬ҩǶмƵģÿһö쳣ǰЩˣòңȴóҩ
ɻĽӹҩһȦüë̲ס
ǰĵҩƽƽ棬ǰģӿȫͬƺֻͨҩĶѻһ
ƭ˭أҲǵҩΪû棡
һŮŭ
ȻСȴҲҩģһλʦΪ˰ͽʦ½ѰһöʱڸǰУƿ򿪣棬һ֮С
öƿûУó˵ҲܲҩʲôЦ
һðαӣðңʮöңΣ
СãǵҩһǶаģֵԳҡ
ʶŭӱ̲ס
ֻҪңⶫҲҪ
һŮһͽҩ˹һľǿ
⡭
Цá
ڵңóĵҩʦܲƶĳۣ͸ŮʮöңȻҪƭˡ
ɣһҩģ۸Ҳͣ㲻ҪҩĻҩģܵεķˡ
ʦƭˣӱٴǰȡһҩĵ˹
ݵĺǲݣ
Ϊʦ᳤Ҳòҡ
ƾӲݣΪСƭңʦ½ѰʦǾ˵һ仨ҲûãóңϹΣΣ
ԷóٵҩҲͰˣڸóʶҰݹð䣬СŮˡ
ҡӱҲһᣬ˵
ڵݣָеĶҲûʲô˻ˣҪȡһȼʮңŮϳġЩѡ
ãӣﵷҰ
ȫһᣬ˵СŮΪƭӣҲͲסʦ֣⼸Ҫƭηѣ뽫Ǹϳȥ

һֳֳǹ˳
˵Ӱ֣һۿ΢΢һ죺Ī㣿


1855 ĪҪ
ǰģǱˣλһ𳤴ĺֵĪ
ͬʱĵѧԺ뱨ʦ£ΪѧԱպ߳ɹΪӲãɽΪѧ
һһ࣬ܶ˭Ҳ벻ľ档
Գɹˣ½˵ûɹģɾ˹ʥսʦܹʤģ޼ˡ
֮ͬꡣ
ǡ
ԷԼ֣ʮӣĪü
ΪʥǿߣԸϳΪﲻͬ𣬸׳úģԣΪһ𳤴Ļ飬Ҳûϳ
ҡ֣
ϵϢɢ¶˱ò
ӣ
һĪۿʱˡ
˴ӹƨɾһ棬һǹѾһδˣΪⱲӶ޷꣬û뵽ôٴϡ
㲻Ǻ͡ʦһ뿪ô
˷ܹЩɻ
Էʦ˵ɹʦ棬ں飬ʵ̫֪ľͲˡ
պпգһЩѣ
ЦЦ֣Ҳû͡
˵ʵҲҽͣԷ˵Ѿսʦʥǿߡ
սʦö𣿹ʥ
˵Ҳǰ˵
̫ˣʦôãյӦôﵽ߰ʦ˰ɣþûд蹦ˣѧ˲ǹΪҲѴﵽͨ۷壬ʱͻƣҿһĽΣ
һǹӱģĪһ˲ս硣
Сϰˣһûд裬ͣ˿̿ѣǻ͵ס
ʦͨ۷壿ǹ
֣Цãˡ
ȻͲ󣬵磬Ѿʵ̫ԶЩǲˡ
ô㣿̫ģҶƵĺܺãӲסʱͣ£ġ
ǹһĪһЦ
⡭֣Ρ
ùʥսʦһͨ߱ԡô
ôƲֵˣʤңϲÿԥĪü
Ȼǡ
Է˵ˣ֣޷ܾεҡҡͷҲһȡһĳǹȣ
пռָˣʦ㲻
ͻأֳǹĪĽ漴˵ͷһָʦҪڿΣȥǱߣи̨
ռָû
յĺ⸱ӣ֣ЦֻõͷӦȥɣ
˵꣬ˢˢԶĸ̨ȥ
Ҳ
ڽûʼҲеģһ˹ȥ
ղŵŮ⼸ƭӾȻʦʶһ£Ҳ
ϸֳֳ̨ǹ˵ע⣬ղ׼ˣˢˢת
֣ô˿ٴϢòϲ
ĪѧԺǹţһΪʦ϶Ƕ֣һðģȣ
֪ſǣ
⵹ǡ
ȫһЦ⡣
һĪ½Ѱʦ£ͻͽΪǶǹ⣬ҪﵽʦˣּѧԺûܹʤο֪ðꡣ
ĪȻڿǰս½ѰЦҡҡͷһܣˣȻҪԣպҾǵսΪ⣬ҽһǹʵսеúͼɣ
ã
ϲ½ʦڵʵսɣ
սõİ취û
½ѰʦȻҪǹʩչã·һȻȫ˷ܵǼˢˢԶĸ̨˹ȥ
ɣ
ôĹעʦҲԿĪս磬ǹһ̶ֱ֣֮
أ
Ϊٶ̫죬ǹڿлƿյķ
Īвһгͣ٣ǹľ˳ˮһһƲɵ֮СĪУһʦֵס꣬Ҫùˡ
ĵ˵ͷ½Ѱʡ
֣ᡣ
ǹٶȣʵ̫ˣţûκ𣬶̫㵲˵ѣʮΪѡ
ֵǣֵҲ̫áܰ
˵ĲɣĶѾʧ룬֪Ǻˣ
֣һδ½Ѱĵ˵ͷҴڵǹľǸƣΪĥĪȥٲ£Կ£нճЧÿˣĶ֣Ͼͻ䡢䡢䡢䡭
δ䣬е촽ɿƣ
ͫʾһ棺Īĳǹ֣۾ϣȻ󡭡
һؽѡ


1856 ҩ

֣
ղǾᣬŸӦԣԷǹ۾ˡ
˭뵽й¶һ˿ԷǹȻܲסֱˡ
ı̫ˡ
ʥ̹ĻƤӦûգһ£Ȼϡ
ѣ᲻̫ˣ
ɹؼǣû
⣡
ǹ飬Īͬһٺ˼ͻȻתһ߳
һŽӵ뵽۷壬һ֪ĥ˲֪ٴΣдź⣬֣ؿڡ
꣡
ڶԷʺû⣬ȹǴ۶ϣϡ

һҺĪڵϣвţѵѾͻʦﵽ𾳽磿
ҡ
֣Ƥһ
һûԷӲǹ١ȶϡôԣ
û뵽㾹Ȼﵽ־硭
˵ΪԼ¶ˣĪĽ
λѣʦͬ˺ܾãλʦìܣʦ½ʦ£ٺֶԷǹԼһֱһʲôʱٱһ
ԣһֱӳ֡ΪƾһŬɽ֮ܣû뵽ԷȻﵽ𾳽磬ĹԶԶ󼰡
ֱ̫ˡ
ҡҪ֣ͣջҡҡͷ
ԷУӦǿˣ˵Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ѾһˡдʦĻ
˵ͷ֣ˡ
ղŻΪѣʮ˷ܣȴ˵ʧ䡣
Ȼ̶һδ˵磬ȴʮǧȫûпɱˡ
֮Ĳֹһ蹵
ͺͬķС㾭ƴ򸻺ԷɽҲ۱Ȼͬһ⣬޹ͬԡ
ڵĪ
ţǰĺѣǲѾͻʦﵽ𾳽ˣȴ֪ԷȻﵽ޷󼰣󲻵ĵز
ĳɳܶվ뿪

֣ڿԽύѣǹʥλĪ
ˣǲ̫˭˭ѣ޾ѹ
ðɣǴﵽ𾳡
ʦȰ裬֣ȻлָһЦѴӵ𣬼ǰʦղöҩأĪˣպøá
ţ
ָһ֮ǰǸŮĵҩͷ˹
˰ɣ
ֽӹ֣ݸĪ
ţ
Īͷ뽫ҩȥͼŮǰһ
ʦ֣ⶫҿˣһ㵤ҩϢûУпǼҩҳԡ
רſˣҩһҩϢûУʦҪˣһ߻ħô죿
ģӲẦҵġ
ЦЦĪһͽҩȥ
ǰλǴСѣܶ˲ˣɹĸûиı䡣
ţԷẦԼ
С˵ĲôԺҳҩ
½ѰȻҲû뵽ԼѧԱ˸ҩüͷ壬ǰڶԷһҰһ£ҩǲ⣡
¡
ѨĪӿȥû뾭ͻȻһһɾ޴ˣӺڿӿ
أ
ɫһ죬½ѰɶˤڲԶĸ̨ϣײһӡ
ǿ
ͫվæѧȥ漴ȫëףͣˣȫǿҪȼ񱩵ۣͷγһ޴С
꣡
֮ǰͨ۷Ϊֱͻƣﵽʦ
δͣЪ
ʦڣ
ʦڣ
ʦ۷塭
ڣ
ڡ
ܿ۷弶û̫ͣãٴͻƣƾ
գڻԪͣһһԪһ𻯶֮С
⡢⡭
۾ɵùԲ½ѰȫͣǼһı飬ţղλҩǡҩ
Ҳֻдﵽ߼ϵҩ˾ҩһͻƺü󼶱𣬶ܵ˿ˡ

ŮǰЩڡ
ղŶԷöҩܾˡ
ƭˡ
Ҫǽգ̷ͻƵӦ
Ȼǣ
½Ѱڣ֣ҡҡͷʦôܻҩ
ôܣֱͻƣû˿֢ؼǣϢ鸡
ϣ½Ѱš
ҩֶ߼ĵҩ˽ܿ죬ȴҲкģöҩȴûѵﲻ
ҩȻúҲ޷˻ָƣΪʦոöǰ˼ԣĪȲˣΪֱͻƣ
֣ЦЦ
˼
ΧȻһȫ˵


1857 ֣Ůѣϣ
˼ҩǰ˼ʦƳģÿһöֵǣ˵һöҩ͸Ĺ϶µıֱˡ
󡭡˷ˡ
ȵϢȣĪУţӣ̫ˣܲ𡭡
ΪֻǸ˵ҩҲǰ˼ҩƷ
֪ô󣬴Ҳˣ
һöҩѣĸ飬ǰʲô
һЦ֣ĺѵļ
Ȼ˵۲ͬ޷úùͨ껹ڣõѣǸһǹķС
Īλǡ
Ҳʶ֣Ŀˣ½Ѱæǰдžη
һó˼ҩˡݺͷһոսǵʦԱ⡣
ʦǡ
ʦȻûϳԼλѣĪɻ󣬸ܣ˴ҵݻǱ˵ˣ½ʦֵò̫졭
Īͣ
λֵܣΪ½Ѱʦʦ£ŵˣ½ʦһ٣ϵЩš
һżȻʶѣû뵽Ȼĵҩ
׹Īæ
ţ
ѧԲԣ½Ѱղδʣǿһۣ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ҩΪҪϸ̣磬ҾͲˣڣ
˺Ѻ½ʦ֪ȥҲû壬֣һ䣬ת뿪
˴ʱﻹ֪⼸λ򵥣ǸŮҴ׷ϣҪٴѰҴĻԵ˼͸еǰһӰʧδֹһ㡣
֮ǰһУͬһΣϸȥ룬һҲ벻Էò˵ˡ
ۣһУ޳
˻Եͱ״ˣ޲ýڳ
Ӧǡʦ֣ǰɣ
Ů˲ͬ½Ѱߵѧ
ʦ
Īɫһ졣
Կλֵܲй¶ݣԼֲԸʦ
ҲΪ㡭ܹ֮Ϊʵ벻к˻ָһö˼ҩ
½ѰЦúϧѰɣʶˣһĲƸ
˵ʦӴһЩܣ֪λбԵʦ뿪󣬵׾˺ֲõЩľٶ
νţͶԷһȡǱˣԽԽԼ̶еһ㣬Էǰ
ʦȻ֪Ӧ֪ӣӦòǡ߾˰ɣ
ʦ֪ĪҲãҲ಻סеĺ档
֮ǰλѣѾͻʦһǹжԷ۾һ˶ûܣܵˣÿǲͻ
õҩΪﵽԪɿԷȷʵסλСһ𳤴ķСȻﵽʦҪĵز
ľ硭ʸ֪ģֻҪףֵܵĸղҪ֣ʧ
Σ½Ѱ
ʧ
ͳĪҲ˵

뿪½Ѱڿεĵط˻ص˵ѧϰĽҡ
֮ǰûκα仯ԵЩС
Ƕȥ˰ɣ
߽䣬˰֡
ţ
˵˵ͷӱŵ˷˳ȥ
ӱļĴ壬硢׵˶ڣŸǰǳΪռһĺۣλȻҪȥһ档
κ̡·壬ûˣûǣҡ
ʦã㡭ܲҳȥһˣ
ŵ뿪֣һ£
ʲôκü
䲻ǱԵĹȴҲһ䣬ͬʦֵܣҲᡣ
֣ĹϵȻϤʵȴû˵ٻ
롭ҸæҲҵĽɣ
ͣһ£֣
ã
κӦʡ
ʦһ̵ֱͬʦֵܣһҪȻԼӦҲ޷
ˡ
ˣκɻ
䵭ʦ˭Էֲǲ֪ȻдҪ
㲻Ҫ˵ֻҪվԭؾͿˡ
⸱飬֣Ρ
ʲôˣʵǿʦ
⸱飬κ̵
ʵǿ෴
ͣһ£֣һҧʵɡڰʦ֮ǰһŮΪģȴ⵽˷̺;ܾμȻټһ棬ȻûϲȴҲ뷨һԲľš
ðŮ𣿡
κЦ
λʦ֣սʦʥǿˣû뵽ϾȻСס
ԷܾҪҸƯģðŮѣú
Сӵ뷨

ͬ⣬ǣʡ£ôϻ


1858 ֣Ůѣ£
֣ͷǲ˼
ҴӦˣ
⸱飬κҡҡͷдڴҪ¶𣿱֤κκۼ԰æʬ𼣣ɱһңϾĿܡ
Ҫ
һ£֣ͻȻãλʦãòЩ̫׵
ÿڲ붾ԸһЩɿܵҩúĸԸΪᷴ
κݲġ
ȿȡ֣һɫʦãͻȻһ£㿴ҲͦæģͲ鷳ˣǡ
תߡ
Ƕʵǲ
ûԶХһӰ˹תͷһŵꡣ
ʦá
֣ࡣ
ˣ÷ϻֻ˵˵ֲɱ˿񣡾ɱˣҲҪǹʥУͨˣûʲôȤ
һκ̵
Ҳֻ˵˵ѣΪȴҲɱ޹֮ˣô־ͽ˶
ҪʦһȽ
ǡ֣һࡣ
ȻҲ֪϶ڿЦһʱŶǿߣҲð
һһƬͰѴˡ
ûпǣǰ·ٷϻȰ㶾ƣ
κһڡ
֣޳
ʲô¡
֪Ͳϻˡºˣ²ˡ
˺ܿɳ˺ѧԺķΧʱ䲻һͣǰһƬ޴֪ۡԶ
԰
վڿҿһȦ֣ͷˮ
ôˣκǰ
ǰסһƬƽģôôĸۡˣ
֣һֵ
ͥҲĿöˡ
һǰֻƽߣɶʱðôһۡ
⻹򵥣Ҹʲˡ
һκһλǰ̯λѣһ£ۡǲǸսɵģ
̯ᣬǰŮò¶Ц⣺ǸǰɣۡһǰͿʼ޽ˣһ¾޽ɣĶĹ㿴Ժĸֻн˵԰ʦֱȻʹҪǣ
԰ʦ
κ̺֣һۡ
˲֪԰ʦǶ˿֪ģϡޱȣżִ壬ҵһλ̫ףطðһ޽լ
˭סլ
ҲͲס֣ʵ
ռң̯
գ֣֣ǣʲôʱðռң
Ĵ壬סţÿһպδ˵ʲôռҰ
ռ㶼֪ï࣡
һɻ̯ü
ï֣ࣿһΣʲôŵ飺Ůշɷɣ
ǰ
̯ͷҪŮ˸Ůïסլӣ˵ǰ趼ȲĶû·һǧ˵˶ٷʮöҡ
Ů϶ԷĻ֣ȭͷ
ǰ㲻Ҿʶˣʮˣܵ飬һ֪
̯ϻӣͣƣŮշɷɣ֪ôʶʲô۹ĹӸ磬ԷǮǿԲլȻΪƾǸŮôĵط
֪ˡ
֣ҡҡͷƺʲôĽҪſ
շɷɾ֮ǰϲŮ۹Ⲣô
Цһκ̴
ʲô۹ĹӸ磬ǻʵ۱£֣ʲô
λշɷɣȻˣǰ治֪ôġ
ҡ֣˵
ʦ֮ǰովסۣױܾŵ¸͵ǹԥǰûʦͥ
쿴ǳˡ
ڴʱǰۡŻ֨ѽһ򿪣һòŮһ˵ֱۣ˳
Ů̫Ư֮ˣ˵κ̡ŵˣ˶ԶԶ磬ߵˣ֣òªͿԬζҪš
꣬ˣòŮŸ߹Ӣһ㣬˵Ժͽ
κЦôôϣҲܽйӸ磿
νĹӸ磬Ӣӽģû뵽ֳ󣬹ؼϣŮô϶Էģ
߰ɣ
³һ֣תͷ
ϲĵһŮ˲꣬λֻһ棬еִȻҹġҸҲˣĽԽ⿪ˡ
ߣϷûôߣ
һЦκ


1859 ͬ
ô˵֣ʦ֣ԷҸ˾ӵĵҲˣҸ󸹱ˣô˵òˬ
öˬԷˬ
ʦãҪֻͨˡ
û뵽κ̲ߣһ´ģ֣˲ԤС
޷˵ģ
ᣬκ˲̯λϣһЦݣϰ壬һ裡
˵꣬һûһİϸƷ衣
뿪֪ǿвãֻ֣÷סͷҲεڸǰ
磬Ҫȥշɷɿߴ󸹱ˡ
׷һŪЩʿڶûҿһĹ֮λˣ
ߣһ
ΥĻ׷ӵȷģúýѵܻΪԼǸ۹ĻʵۣշɷЦ¶ŨŨĲм
УޱȵĹ£Ѿʲô
ֻǸССĹ¶ѣԼˣҲҲ뽫ִ󣬲Ȼһûˡ
Ц˵ͻȻƤ͵һ飬ϥһͨһڵء
硭
һշɷǾ֡
ǰλʵ֪ĺ׷¶ҪǿԶ𾳣˿̾Ȼһ¹򵹡Ҫ˵û⣬ܡ
˭ң
û뵽ɫһܣҧ
ˡĶҪҪĸԸ׳Ѫ֮һʱڣѪѾȣ
һ
˳缱æ̧ͷ漴һŮڲ̯ǰеĲ豭ð
㡭˭ԩ޳ΪҪɱң
û뵽ԷܾôԶ¶û˿ϢĪ⣬һԿ֪϶޷Կҧ
ôԩֻǾ㲻˳۶ѣ
һֻӹ˿κһŨ裬Ȼʱ䲻࣬Ϳ㣬ûѣ
ҡ
תײ˼Σ޷⣬ºͶԷ˵һҪ˸Ѫɫ࣬תͷһշɷɣɷɣ
ҡ
֪ԷЩʲôշɷŵɫףˡ
ǰ氮Կסο֡
ôΥҵ뿪۾
ҡ
շɷ
µҰѾͷѣѲɻΪԼܸ߹󣿸ٻ󣬾Ҫ֪ḶʲôѪָܻǰһ㣬Ȼһھɱ㡭
üëһɱڡ
ʲôշɷɣʲôï࣬˵ǿʹõĹ߰ˡ
Ҫ
֪Ѫֱܻշɷٴκˣ˼͸еһϯϢѾ֣ٸҺˣԻᱻɱ
շɷǰˡ
һǰиϲˣףֻΪܾ֮˭֪λ˸õʦһ·ƽƣ׷£Ϊϱ
Ϊʹʧȥһǰλ硣
ԷܺãΪ޽ټĸۡΪϲ˿̲סˡ
ô
˵κϴЦ⣬һʦ֡
ǰܿǷĸ飬Ȼˣ໥ðˣ
ѡԼ飬ѾԤˡ
ֻ֣ͬ
Ů¶ʼһֱϲǰԸ֮һζû뵽ٴμ棬
ҸһӢ۾Ļᡭ㲻õʱ
κֲ̿´
ˡѾ׷£
֣ҡͷ
öԷΣ
Ѿ˺ü磬һĿˡ
οԷƶһҲϲڵݣûκιϵ
ˣαù
ûãˣܻŶ
Ƥһ̧κ̼Ȳ裬÷ϻ
֣æ̧ͷ漴λ۾Ѿ죬һץͽշɷǰָһŮ׵ϣѪ
Ѫ͸Ѫ£ֻñ˵ѪԼжѪҺһЩǼҽʦɣ̫ӣλʵۻ룬Ȼо綾ΪδѹƣֻҪСĵĻԼҲɡ
ס֣
ҪŮɣ֣Ҳ̲סվ
תͷ
֣㡢ˣ
Ůһæ߹Ӱ
̫Ϥˣλףܾľǿꡣ
˿̣һ˹Ӱ£Եޱȸߴ


1860 
Ȼ֣֣֪ԼλʦõƢпλյշɷ
û˵Ƿݼ¶ȴҲģϲŮɱ
֣ҡ
߹Ůץסһݣҧ
ģ
֣һӣŮϵ̱նϡ
˭
ٴ۾
ֻһʱ䣬㣬ͻ
һðģҿӣշɷʲô˵Ĺϵо֮
˭㲻Ҫֻ֪㣬ȻϲΪҪһ𣬲޽ôһۡ
֣ûκβƿй١
Ϊﵽʥ𣬸սĥµͬ
Ҫշɷǿ飬룬Ҳ
ϲģҵݣôܴһССͣһ£
λǸ¶һټΪնϿշɷɵɵҲף֮
ˣʵҵ
ϲ
֣ЦϲΪԼ˵Ͳ
֮ǰҲΪ˫మҲνˣϾѾſ
ǡԷȻΪԼշɷû˿꣬׷ŭˡ
ϲã
һ۹ǿߣܵ޽ôĸۡΪ꣬ǾͿ϶ͼı
ϲæ
ƭңʵ
úͶԷϻָ֣һ

һҺˤڵأھʹһͷˮ
ֻһ£ףͶԷĲʵ̫ˣɱһ֮ѡ
㵽˭ǺԹγֻΪֱӸ㡭
ҧһָշɷɡ
ǰİŮ˶ͣοûʲôġ
ң֣ɫ纮ѩѵУֻǸԽ׵ƷֻǸԱĶˣ
ҡ
ݴ
Էŭ֮£Ϣûпס̸еһ޴ޣһܱ֮ѹɷĩʣ
շɷɣרŵСʲôʱðһλôǿѣ

ŵö£һշɷҲ¶ã
λ֣һǰƲ򹷡˿һѣ⣬˭Ҳ벻һ󣬴ﵽֵز
׷ʵ۶ҵ磬һ֮£Ҫ
ʵ
û㣬ֳʦģ
ѹ£λʱᱻѹκ˸Цӯӯĵ
ţ
ʦ֣ͷŵľ˻ٴοǰ磬۾𣺡ֻҪ˵ʵˣ¶ģʦãƭҲпʦܣѻ꣡
ѻꣿ
һ缱æתͷԶκ̣ЦӯӯĿٴһ
ʦöôʦ񲻸ǿ
˵ɣ
ü˵֣俴ָһĹâͣҫ
ʵѻ꣬ҲмַöԷ˵ʵ
սʦѶûУκ˶ս꣬·磿
âоȫ񱻻ɢһ㣬һʹ
ֻһ۾ָоһڣȻ
֪㲻ҧҧҽ裬һλѰʦԱУЩһֱΧ̽ѰҸֱֱ
Ѱʦ
һۣ֣κ̸Եͷ
Ѱʦ֮ǰ˵½ľʥƼҡ
ȷųӵеֶΣ˳ҵľλá
죬ҷշɷס·̺ǿӦһʮǿԣҾҪ¶Էլӣһܹ򣬶ѰұǸڵḶ́ױ˲鷳ԡͻѳƿշɷɣҪ˫˫ɡ
ڻܵķҲͼˣ鶼˳£Ϊ˶Ŀ޽˾޴ĸۡ
Ʋ¶ʵȷܵУͨ̽飬ʵ̫ˣһй¶˵ļ壬δܹռΪС
ԡԽΪɣĴݣ޽ۡȻڲóִ󡭡
ΪǸ˾Ҳû˻ˡ
˵ϲңֻǡΪ˱
˵⻰һշɷݷף̱ڵϡ
ԷټϸֱǣΪԼڲ֪ԷͼıĸͲǷıء


1861 ֲʯ
ƶԸԼѾ߶òΪҶģ
֪ԷƲԽɾԽãһҪΪ·ӵбأίߵڡ
ˣ֣һ˦䡣
أ
ؿ⵽ػ赹ɶˤڵأɫһ죬һѪ˳
֣ߣش֪ģ޹صģö˵
ǣǣ
ǿסؿڵķڣ֪Ʋϵ˿ٷϻʲôҲ֪ӽһھ򣬿Ҫڵˣֻ̫ܵʵʱƽⲻˡ
֣üǹȥ
ʥƼҵǿߣھνıӦò򵥣Ȼ֪ȻҪȥʶһ
ǣ
輱æͷ
ڶԷӦҲС
λϵѹƣ֣κ̸ȥշɷɳһ£Ҳ
븮ۡȻϢ󷨣ԺֵͰһ㣬ʲôɢ
ʱ䲻һΰĴŽУŷ֣涼ڳһ󶴣·׹ǰһƬš
Ϊ˱أ㾹Ȼɱôˣ
۾֣ɱڡ
սʦãԿˣҪάͨ˵ƽһΪ˱أȻɱ¾Ѿʦõĵߡ
ɱġһǮĹˣ˭֪ڵһʯ֪ΪΣϢй¶˲һٶȫҲϢй¶ֻýǵʬ廯ɰ׹ǣڴ˵ء
æҡͷһ˵ļͥҶ˼ߵĸȻҪأȴҲɱ޹
ʯ֪ЩѾˣ׷飬ǸͿ֣ʵ
Ǳߵ棬Ѿʮλʿȥ̽ˣ˭֪ǵ˵طһõϢûôĲ
һɬ
ΪǼζû뵽ԽԽ࣬ڣﻢ¡
ˣѾô࣬УѾûٸȥ̽飬ȥ׷£ϣܴŪЩʿû뵽һžλǿߡ
ȥ
νʯȻɱôˣ֣֡
ҡʵ̫ͣλˣԼȥɡ
ɫһס
Щ죬һֱûȥҪȥҲһɰ׹ˡ
ķϻһκһᣬҺûļͽڶǰӷ˹ȥ
Ӷף·˸ָҹ飬ҫͬ硣
ӵףһһܣ֣κͬʱü
ϢЩ֣
Ƭ̣֣ͷ
ǹʥ
κӦһתͷߵ裺ʯģ
桭
˿ĭһָԶ
֣Ҳ쵽طĲԾһͻأֳǹһ

һƬ漴һ޴ʯ
ʯ̵·˿һۻɱ¾֮ͣӣ˿һۣͷѡ
ӦĹʥϢɴ˷
ʯλˣʵ̫ˡ
촽£ҲͲסתҪߡ
ڣˣˣû˽ⶾͬҪ
κһȻ
Ƥһ飬Ҫ޵ı飬彩ֱٲҶ
Է˵Ĳо綾һˣҲӵĶá
ȹȥ
һǹǰת֣ͺߣʯ˹ȥ
ûǰ̸еһɹŨɱƿնҪԴ˺롣
ʥǿߣ¶ܲסԴҶѾﵽʥսʦר־Կ˵ɱ¾ЩϢŨ˵첻в
ʯǰ֪ʲô̶ɣɢĹâ·ڵˣû˿ˣµ̵һ
Ϲʱڵ֣ϲ
ָḧ棬֣ҡҡͷ
ʯϵ̵ĶϹʱڵ֣ѧʶޣ޷ϳʦڵĻס
֨֨
һﾹȻҸʯŵݴ
ɳĹˡʿʯԶֱǰλȻǰʵ׶ǿ
ôˣΪҪСط
ʶշɷɣǹλʦãó¶ѵ
ͻȻһԺ
ΪʥƼҵĺˣЩ겻ڼ壬ϢԱɡĸ֣Լӵ¼ŵġ
òơǶ߳
Ѳǰλλսʦŵ֣
ֻ֪֣֡ϸ룬ͽ֣
շɷһƽŮսʦϲ
⡭
ͷϲͣðúɣʱιȥ


1862 ʦʬ
Ҫѵ裬֣üͷԽԽʯתһȦԶκ̡
˵ͷŮдſ϶֮ɫ
ԥ֣һ˼Ƴǹ͵һ㡣

һƣһǹʯмһ·֮С
꣡
˺ѵ𣬽ʯζһ޴Ѻۣһϸӵͨǰ
ͨڣûиϢһֹɭ֮Уͨ
ȥ
֣ո˵̧ȥ
κ̽ϡ
ͨڣʪ֮ǰܹĹʥӣǽϵķģЩϢУΪﲻʥվڵ첻
ӦǿʦǸʱġ
һ߹۲죬κһߵ
Ȼµûκ𣬵ַǽϵķͣԴϹʱĺۼ
ӦǸʱɡ
߿ߣٶȼ죬˽ӽʱʮһ޴ʯҳǰ
֣ǹǰʱֵıʣͬʱָһöҹǶǽϣյĵƻͨ
Ǹֱʮ׵ĵ¹м䴦һʯ̵ʯףУɢԶϢ
һʯף
κɻ
޽һʮĵصһϢʯֻΪסһʯף
Щ˰ɣ
Ҳ˵֣еĳǹƿ餣ͻȻһһɾ޴ӹײ˳
ˣ
ǹʯ׸ǰһΣȥ
ôˣκ̼æǰӣƺһԾʱ֡
ҵĳǹܵǹĸţײиǹ⣡֣
ĳǹȻǹʥܵǹѬգĹʥҲ̫࣬ˣɱײȥӵиΪǿ⣬еĳǹ鲻Խ۷ûС
ǹҪκ̲š
λʦ֣ʦǹ⣬ʹﵽĵزƵʱڶˣˣⲻסײﵽʲôӵǿ
ʲôҪ򿪿֪ʦãһһ֣ǿƿ
֣
κ̵ͷͬ⣬һһңֱվʯ׵ࡣ
һۣԸ˶Էһ֣κͬʱüë𣬸ǰץ˹ȥ
˶ǹʥǿߣ־һµĵָ㣬Ѵﵽ˾ηĵزѪĹʥ϶Կ⣬οһײġ
֨ѽ
һ̶죬ײĳһѺۣһۻϢֱգҪؿ߶顣
֣һץϢӡסй¶ֺŻǰ
ʥϢأй¶һ˿Ϣ˵ֿ𣬿һй¶ǣУпֱܱӻ
ǰͬʱʯڲȥֻƽһʬ壬һ˯һ㡣
ǹʥʬ塭
˵üëͬʱһ
Ҳֻйʥʬ壬ſ겻òġ
ǡ
֣ϸʬ壬Ƭʲôһף̲ס˼
ôˣ
κɻ
ʦദľˣһҲ֪ĺһ첻µز£Ϊôһʬ壬⸱ģ
ǡȽʥ
ȭͷ֣彩ֱ
ȽʥʦսһˣսʦõĿʦκһ㶡
ǣ
³һ֣ƽסҵľ
Ƚʥǿʦ£ʮ֮һ˿ʦΪǿĹʥսʦõĿʦ
̳֮λս֮λʱרŹݹ񣬺ǰʬһģһˣֻһ¾˳
ʦͽ֮һµڶʥȻ
κ鼮ûصġ
ѹĳǹ餣ֱӰݵڵأȽʥõıǳǹǹƶɡ
Ƴǿıǹ֪ԱҪ֪١
ʦãţȥ֪ͨʦ
ȭͷָ֣תԸ
ǿĹʥʬ壬ǵļʶ⣬Ѿûκΰ취ˣֻʦ
ţ
κҲһΣֱ˳ȥ
뿪֣ŹײĻУҪϸհһλսʦõǰͻȻһ֨֨Ļ֮һͨӹ滺֡
һ£֣æ˽ȥһ룬ٴ֨ѽ֮ͷʧȥ˹
ͨȻһ˲رˡ
ü֣ȡһöҹ飬ܣȥһĴǰǰƽһײģ֮ǰĸһģһ
һҧٴδ򿪹׸ǣһӰǰ
ǰʬģ֣ͷƤȻը鲻Խʮײǽ϶û
֪˶ã૵Ŵʺ³סʦ


1863 ʦˣ
ڹײеģǱˣȻʦôŵ֮ʦʦ
Ƿλ
ôʬ
ֻû£֣Ҷ룬̫࣬ᵼʦöȻ
ʦʦõľ֧ʧȥټ˶Ƿ˵磬񡢳ˣζ벻ʹĵһǴŵЦ⣬ڿΡ
ڽεʱ򣬾ͱնɱ
ʵ˭ɱ
˭䰲ʦáӰټңȫ֪
༱֣ɣҪ˵Щʲôȴһ䶼˵ֻϥڵϣһҶ
Ƚʥʬ壬ֻ𾪣˿ѾǾˡ
£˭ʦϢԻ
һʱ䣬ǻ㱣֪Ǻˡ
ʦˡ
վ֣Ҷ롣
ʦ֪꣬ѵ£ʦǰҲʲôȻ벻ͨǰĵȴͺãͨ뿪ͻȻһ
Ǳʲô֣ǰһڡ
ͨ
֣û֪

֮ǰڿεķ䣬ľȻ˼Զӡ
ǰֻǸͨУͼԱζû뵽ȻԽһ硣
ʱã֪øʲôֻܹúûȥ
ǳȹ磬еһӡ
Խͼݡ
ǰںϣһĪðһƺԽʼѿʱ档
ڸ򣬾һٵĺڶ𣬻۾漴κ̵Ӱ
˵Ƚʥʬ壿
ԷĻ͵վ
ȽʥʦʵǿһλһֱĴڣôʬڵʮĵط
ȥ
ҲѲסκ󣬱ֱʬķȥʱ䲻˵¹˹餡
ϸһۣüͷԽԽòϢǹʥ
ϪɽʱʥĲл꣬һ֮Եǰʬ壬֮һģһֺ
ӣκ˵Ĳȷʬ塣

һǹһϿգͷ·Ĺ餣һֱӵڵϡ
ˡ
ͣʣ޴ѡ
ǰλƶɣΪſʦȥζû뵽ʬû˺
ġ
ǹȷϣٴüߵŮ֣أ
Ҳ֪һӦġκҲһ㶡
ȻԼѶӦţΪӰûУ
һܣδ֣ټȽʥʬǰᴥȥ
Ҫõİ취ǽͼݡ
ȱݣ
ͼһ漴ҡҡͷ
û鼮
Ҳ֪ΪԷʬԵʣӵиڡ
Ӧӵи
һһܡ
ʬҲ̽̽鲻ǰȼ֮࣬Ǻ׵ġ
ͱ̽Щơ
ʲôûֻ֣˵طˣʦ㲻֪λʦһսĵӣ
Ϲ֮أ˵ûսϴܹмʣ˥ѪָȽʥʬ⣬ǲʲô˵
ԽԽ֣˼
ŵأϡʺ֮⣬̫֮Ƚʥʬ壬ȻҲ﷢֣ԼҲﴩԽ᲻ʲô
֮תٴŹתһȦ
滹ͨ
üëһ£ͻȻһطһ̤
֨ѽѽ
ƶ͸ղ֣ڵʱһһͨǰ
κ̶һۣûκγɣ̧˽ȥ
Ůϡ
ڶʯҺ͵һȫͬʯ׵ķλҲһģһһֹϲã֮С
տҲһӰûС
ʦ֣ʦֺ
һܣκͻȻ


ţǽײĺۼ״Ӧʦµġ
κһָ
æȥȻǽһĿӶǰͺ֣޼µĲüײ
ȻӦǿ˹еʬ壬е£ɵġ
һۣͷ¶˺档
ײʲôܱȽʥʬĻҪ֣
򿪿
ҲͲסǰƷ
֨ѽ
ײĸǻ򿪣һӰĻǰͣǸոնϾ
ͫһȫһ
ڹײʬ壬Ȼǡ֣


1864 ǿ
ƽڹײ֮У֣Ǵ΢Цʬ¶ȣոնϾ
ʦ֡
ŨĶȫëɢκ㷢
ȣȻղŽ֣˵Ҫ濴ʬ壬ͬ˺ѣ֪֣Իɵسȥ˺Ƭ
ס
ͺһ
ǣ
ʦĻκָ̻ײеʬ壬ɲͣ
ⲻ֣

һۿȥҲһΪ֣ˣһᣬ̾쵽˲Ծ
Ϊ̫ʵˡ
ǰʬ֣ǰһģһʵ֮󣬾ϾǿҲȫͬο֣ΪĵӣϤޱȣˣ˰꣬ǿˣҲҧһͷ
ؼǡԷµû˿ԺϢĽɱ޷
ʦ֣ǡ
һ£κɻ
ǰ⸱ʬ壬۹۲컹ƴʦ֣ûκβǣǻ˭
Ӧǻһܹ˷ֱ治ٵĻ
üʯ߶
֣ʬǰҲ©첻ǻ
ǰľʵ̫ʵˣʵͼݣ޷
󣿡
ҿһۣκһ¡ۣ
ǹ
һͺ

ǹͨ˽ǹ̸֣е޾Ӷǹ͵ضǰʯ״˹ȥ
¡
ʯױһ´̴ǰʯĭһ˲ɢһ̾Ϳ֣бǽǣһӦǻ˹ȥ
ǰĲʯףһһľ޴ϡ
˾磬ֱ治ʵá
ǻҲ˵ȽʥʬҲǼٵġˣδ
ƻǹ˷ܵ
ʬǰܵĳʵ̫ˣȻЩǻ󣬻᲻ǾʬҲǼٵģ
Ƚʥʬ壬ģΪʬǿ󣬲ŪֻǼٵģ
ҡҡͷ
ܲǹģʵʵ
õͬʱȻ׹
һֱ治Ĵ󣬱㹻ά֣ģȽʥʬ塣
ҲֻλڿʦµڶʥԼ棬Լʱڣûз֡
ϾǸˣͼ޷֪̽һ޷ӵĶټ֣ʬ֣벻⣬ˡ
ʥˣ
һƨڵϣ˵
ʬģҲʹˡ
ǲ˵ʬģˡͺӹʣʬ嶼ѾᣬΪҲˣȴϲߣ޷
ΪȽʥҲûôף
ɹͷԸοȽʥ
ʬģֻҪ겻ҲԳ֮
⡭
ͣǹЩãָ˿
Ȱ֣ŪѣʵԣһǷʲô
ָһ㣬һѧڣƬ̺֣˹
ѧսˣ־ǿĿ£ŪΣ϶ܵʲô̼ľ˾Ҳ
ʦ
ɫһ죬֣ǰ
ع׷ʲôӶ˹ȥ
κ̲סʵ
ҡԴ֣һᣬɫһ죺ҿ˺ϲһĹ餣һʢ˿ʦʬ塭
ʦʬ壿üͷ
ǿ֣ʬ壬֣ǿʦʬ塭
֮䣬᲻ʲôϵ
ûϵӦúǰйأ
һᣬʼ벻ף֪⴦ط϶ͿʦйأھԷһξ룬벻Ҳٶ˵̧ͷԶľ޴ϡ
Ҫд𰸣϶棬ھβܽС
ԣ
üëеǹսһͺȣٴδ˹ȥ

ǹ˺ѿռ䣬ضƿХУϸǰ
䣡
һɾ޴ϯһɶײǽϣݷףϢԵЩ鸡
ֻһ¾˲ˡ
ȻУ
Ȼ
ǹ֮ǰλҲһս֮ȫһͨϣȻһ㶼ûˣĿҪѪ
̫˰ɣ
ϣʲô˿£
ˣԡ
֣Ժк˵
ãͷһ˳
һǼټ£սȻճڣ֣ƿԼ޿ɶҡϡ


1865 Ҫʦ
һִƣ鼮˳عͣζ𣬴ִָ͵ϡ
䣡
˷鲻Խĺ˼ٴοȥͼûһˣ˵ָͬʱѪ
ˣԡ
һûƿЩΣٴοڡ
ˣٳ֣Ƶع
ҡҡͷ
ڵعͿҪܲסˣټȥȻܲסȻǵʵ˵ֺϷͨˣȻ⵽ǣ
ʥǿߵ̫ˣοգ΢Ʋסһ˿Ҳ÷ԲķΧΪ
ô졭
Ӳ϶취ϣһﵽյ˶޷ƿӹҲֻпʦһ˲ܲö֪ʣµľˣ
ЦЦ
ú˳ֻ֣һ£ϵܳܶǿԹ֮Ҳ֪Ϳʦйء
ǰһһʦйӿ
ͬΪʦԽ⿪ǰ
ˣ
ӿУͻȻ֪ʶͶԽĸӿԺһ˲ʦְҵĸʦݣӳԡ
һ˲䣬ʦѧĽԺ
ΪʦģȻ
ԺԼ
ʦϿɵʦʦأΪʦǼ򵥣ҪԽѶ֮󣬿֪
ͺ֣ˣҪԽԼⱲӶܡ
ϰĹȫԼڣγ˹̶ģʽԽԼƷ֮ǰɹ
ʦͽ£ǧһ˳Խﵽ֮ͬĳɾ͵Ҳûһɴ˿֪Ѷȡ
ˣϿɵʦΪʦԡҪԽķ򣬼ܣȻˡΪҪΪʦ
һȻඥΪʦͻƣҾصʦ
ͻƹʥǹ⡢⡢ȭ⣬һɣͶˣ棬ѰԼĵ·ܡ
ˣһֱѰԼĶͣѹΪ¶û
ڣģ˷
ʦϿɡҲ˵ģ
ȻˣΪҪϿɣǣʦ
ΪʦվҪ֮£Զ޷ԽΪʦһʼվ˶㣬ʥҲͿɿ̤
Ϊʦûô򵥣Ҫ˽أأ֪ȱ㣬ֻҵȻҪǣʦݣ
мתܿȷ˷üëڵʦͷŶ
ãҪʧ
װƽҪѴӵ
ʦԱ˵Ľѣ˵ʲô
ŬܶƷԼģʦǺǣƶѣ
ľȣʦȡ˲ɢһۻϢŵϳȥֱͥһգ۹ڿըɢ
ʦϿɣɢͬصĻգļѹ˺ʱѡ

׽۹ʦá
ʦ֮Ḷ̌ʦܴ֮£нƷ£ΪػΪʦҲӦԴҵΪǵΣȥŲ𡭡
ʦǰ¿ͨһʦվڵǰһ߻һܣɫء
ǣ
ڶʦͬʱͷ
Ϊʦһ̣ǾΣȴ
ʦã˳羴ܹô½ۣ֮ľˣزġ
ܺãڿʼ桭
ĵ˵ͷ߸ÿλãЩʦݷʦλ͸е治ͣζһ֪λʼζ

ˢˢȥͬʱһ
ô£
ͫһæλݵķȥ漴һƶͲʺ۵ıӰ۴ڲ֪ңԶĵطأͷ
Էδתȴɢһֱ֣ӣʱҪݵơ
ǡʦ
һ彩ֱ
Ψһһλʦǿʦ
֮ʦôŬ޷Ϊܹɣû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼˡ
ͨ
Ҳ̲סڵء
ʦˣݵ
ڷʦһǳ⡣
ǣ
ŷӦͬʱݵ
ʦ֮ǰֻںʦã˿̣ͬʱĿá
ԶӰͷ­嵽ƶ֮Уϲԣ̤Ŵأ֮׽ȴһƿ
죡


1866 ʦõ
ԣʦϿôоλƲ죿
ڵأһλʦڿ˲Ծ
ʦõص࣬صĶͣǰλȴһģѣմʲôҪ˦һ
Ʋ죿
һ㶣æ̧ͷȻߴӰһͷͣĶ壬ˤƣϿɵϢմȾϡ
ҪϿɣ
˿ĭ۾졣
ʦʷԲѯģǰ־󣬾Բд󣬿ǰһĻ鲻Խĸ档
ʦԻҲҪˡ
磬㲻
ֱӾܾ˺ĺ

ƣеӰһȣһմԼĲ˹ȥ
¡
سѷ졣
Ȼǲ
ղŻЩɻĻ˿ȷˡ
ߴӰǲʦճһƤҪմ
⵽˭
Ҳ̲סϸȥ
˭ôôȱ£
ʦ˭õϿɣǧţһﵹã˦ҩһ˼ҶԷ
ô̼˻

֮УӰתԴ¶òǸʮ꣬ü뽣ΪӢ
ʦǡ𣿡
ߴס
ʦõͨ£ҪץֻҪʦסֵ֣ԽԽ벻֪ѡ
ǰλŸոɱôֻʦ
ʲô
һʦȫɵˡ
ͬһĻҲʦá
ʦſиߴӰۿ΢죬һʹĸоԼ׻ˡ
̫ˡ
ʦȻҪ
װһЩ

ʦܲ
ʣµʥ;ʦȫһá
ô£ѾͳһûʦҲõԣרĽˡ
һܣʦ
ʦ˵ʦǵû壬һλʦԾʦõĿֻΪ˻壬û
һλʦŴͣǲš
ǵģĿǰ˵Щǲ²⣬ȻûȷȴҲ˾ųɵĿŶȣʦͷ
ûȷпǼٵġʦ϶ͺʦ˵ˣΪҪ
ȻѧܺãҲһҪ˵ʦһ治ţ
ǰʦƷͱԣǶϤʦƽҿʦһ㶼ҲϹܹϿɣ

ʦɡ
ǻʦĻʦ겻ˣλйϵʦȻǡ˭ỳɡ
˵Щţ
ʦɫһ
£ΪϲʦѾƫоҪҷȻɡ
ǿأǾţʦκ˶ԣ
һ˦ֱۣһλʦ˵ͻȻζ
˼Ҵ뿪䣬⿴ȥ漴һϤӰأӿմһ㡣
ʦλӣԾʦõţֻ˭
ǡʦ
ͨʦʦ
˶ﵽ˾ǣҪͣҲҪȥʦֻһۣܸôˡ
˿̣ȫɵˡ
˵ʦͳ֣ͣɢʦ
ҪҪôֱӣ
ԣڳԼʦǡڰʦݣ
ܿ죬Ҳ˿˳
һ˵ǣǽڵʦ֮ɢҪˡ
ʦʦ֮ҪҪ𣿡
ʦ͹ʥһ۾Բ˼һ㡣
ֻǰһ񣬲ͣ˦ڵʦ֮ⶫƹ֮һ㣬Ū죬ƺЩ±ƣ֪롣
ʦȥɡʲô
ڻʦ
ʦҲ˿ĭ
ʦֹȻͬѰ¶⡣
֮õģѡ
κˣ˭㡣
ǡ
顭
ղɵļλʦ˿ȫϻʹ޲еطȥ
˵ԷʦԷվֳһ
ǣ˭ǣ
˳ϣľٶʦΣ漴ҡҡͷղ˵λʦǡǰǣܿͲˡҪһԣ
ܾʦݣȥȫ¹Ҳֻһݰɣ
λʦ֣Ѿ漣ˣ׻ܴ٣Щˣ붼벻ģ
λʦʱˡ


1867 
ʦݣϿɵϢȫͷųȥ½Ϊ֮ˡ
֮ǰõϿɣСΧʦãȻʦѹȥû̫֪˿̣ϿɵϢӶ£˶֮Ӱ
ڲףɵˡ
½ϾȻٴγһλʦؼǡһȻɣҪְ
ʦ
žг֮Ա
֪ʦݺԥİʦʦݣȻ⣬˵ҪͲҪˡ
ȻƷ¸У˾壡
Ϊ֮裬ȴ֪ϸǰͣɢڵ
ʦɢɾͲصʦһͻƹʥ
֨֨
ؽٵѹƺҪѹ飬ޱϲ˿û
ʦݣʵҲЩǣӴϣõ˿ʦУȻףʦ϶Ҳ߹·
ԷҲʦͬݡ
ȻǿҲֻǳΪĹʥҪ½λ棬ܣ
ΪõⷽصϿɣ͵ڱ֮ⷽУҪ룬ȴļ
˵ַ˵߿ʦ·
˳㼣һ·ǰ
꣡
ڵʦ֮ɢɾƺܲ£ٴγƣϷȼգ¶ڡ
ˡ
վڵعڲ뿪
˿̳ȥȻϯҲΪٲ
عԷҪԼͻᱻĴֻ֣ҪסĹŵأͲܵκ˺

ƽٰڿлۣٴγһ޴ĳ׵粻ͣƣռǰһʱɻҽ
ʥУ˿ֲġױ٣û뵽ٴγˡ
ಣ
ױγɱֱع˹գ۹ͣͷи
˻
ع󷨺Ϳռ䣬գ۹򣬾ͱ˺ƾɵֽţһ
ˡ
һ˫üһȭӭ˹
ϴױ٣ʵ޷⣬˿̱øǿȻܶǹƾ׻ꡢΪҲѲڵѪ
䣡
ȭͷױ鲻Խĺ˼ȭͷѪ
ӣΪô࣬ҲЩⲻס
֮ǰɹױ٣ǽСٽٺͬʱͻƵ˿ûЩɽ裬Ҳ־ܡ
һΣϸǰٴӭ
Ϣعͣζʱ޴ıƣƺҪ涼ճɿ
ٴζײϣһˮĲ
ױδ˥ҲϷ
ˣ
һ죬ϱʴһĿɫƬ̣ϵס
Ȼá
۾һ
ѡٴ׽٣һҪױٵƵϣ
˵ܵסƾƳܣȻǿʦӣԷδΪԼʦ
ȻˣǾױ٣֮飡
ȭΪƣٴױ˹
꣡꣡
ױһδζݵϣ֮ǰϣڳܲסѺۡ
ΪҲܵ˼ˣʱϴһ顣
ʣ
һٴαɳʵģοƿ֮ǰյͷų
ǳʼõģƻָżѵЧ
˰ƿƾͳ׻ָٴζױ
䣡
ױһµ֮ϣ֮ǰͳѺۣԽԽʱ˺
˿̵ױ٣Ҳ˴󲿷˲١
Ȼ໥ġ
˿
ðֵõģڻصʦȴɹʦݣʵٴ
ҽҲ˳ƿˣ䲻֪ʲôطأغӰټһĹϵ
ûУҲ϶ͿʦϵֻҪ׷ĽŲȻ뿪λ棬磬ҵء
꣡꣡
ױնΣϵѷԽԽͨ˿Ҳ𽥿ʼɢ
ֹʮҲֲסȻƿ
ǰͣױ٣ĸɾʧȥ֮ǰһ㣬Ϊɢ
ȥɣ
ڶɹ׽٣ۿڵһһΣֱ϶˽ȥ
֣κͬʱ˵ͷѶŵ˺󣬽ϡ


1868 ѿ
ǰһ磬ƵݳݺɣֲһƬ̣ܵʵʣһЩʥضҪŨ
ʲôط
üκɻǰת³Σա
Ӧһŵػżɣ
֣һࡣ
ûлش¶ɻ֮ɫ﹡ǰһֲǰִӵϰγһоƬ̣һЦǿз֣
֣
λѧһۣԸ㲻ס
ʦдѯʣͣһ£֣С󣬺Ҫʦ½ĸӴ׳Ҳǿ
ҪǿһЩκҲ˵ͷЩɻΪʦȥʲôطһ£ʲôһСرġ
Ϊﵽ־磬ԷҲöЩũʮңԶ
һ꡾ѿ󡿣̺ʮۻ룬ͨ˳ڷãɸʣǿѪ춾壬һⶫãͲô࣬ɼ
κΪ춾̫ǿ󣬶޷´СʱҪκ磬ѾѪѰұֲܸͽ
һͷѿ˵ʻǿų̈ףôκҲΪһҩģˡ
ʦ½츣£֣۾ˡ
ΪսʦҪȱ˶Ķࡣ
ܸʣǿѪռ½
սʦѾѪʦöȫռϷ磬Ҫԭ򣬾̫ǿˡ
һʹﵽ˻ѪԽǿԽ֮һȣͲͬһˮƽϡ
ܼסԷĹ䣬˵Ѿƴȫˡ
ʦ½ֲ֪Щʲôҡҡͷ
ֲʦõļأɽ֮пģǿʦеֲʵʴڣҲϸȷá
ΪΣ
֣⡣
ȽϳһЩƾǵʵóֵطѣΪ޷ֲ
ʦ½йսĴ˵Ϣѿµľɱ¾֮һӴᱻֱӶ
һ䣬ָһһת̺ɱ¾֮⣬ǰһմ

ϵˮգ۹ָΪģ⼱ӣ˲ΧʮĶѿ󣬵ƣͬȼһ㡣
⡭
֣˺ȻҲ̲סһ㶡
Ȼ֪ⶫɱ¾֮ΪУױɱû뵽Чôǿ
ղŵ˿Ƶķǳ΢ˣȻԤʦ½ֻҪһ㣬ɾ޴ֻ¿ա
һûʳʲôʣʲôǿΪǿջ
ʦ½Ǳ˲ˣжɢϢ䲻Ũͨ˲ֺܵɶѿ˵֮ˡ
пһ䡣
֣ͬʱͷҲ˵
ʦ½֮ʦذ˷ǿһԭγϣ޻᣿
ûɱ¾֮ǲǿֲֶ
ͣһ£κʵ
ͷˣֹŵأƺȻϣԽɢڿеɱ¾֮Զ
Ҳ˵ŵڣûɱ¾֮ġ
ûɱ¾֮ҲңѵûҲûпʦ

⡭
κ˵
Ƕʦδ⣬ʦϢʦһ˵Ȼ֣
ûɱ¾֮ʦҲûС
ҪΪʦֻ뿪ȥط
ͺղżλ½ѰʦΪʦҲΪȥڴ˵ء
ŵأ治סϢҲûʲôȻûɱ¾֮ȴҲʺֲѿΪܹҲ
̾Ϣ
֮ǰԹŵ˽Ļ࣬ʦ󣬿ǰˣһ۾Ϳ˹ؼ
䲻֪ŵΪλˣȴףⶫȥͬ޷
Ȼʦ϶ͽŵŪʦ½ĵĵطˡ
ŵزȴﳤïܣʲôط
֣Ǻ档
κεطĶȴѲطʲô⣿
µĲӦþӰټڵĵطѾͬż۵ռ䣬ٳһµ磡
ͣһ£
Ӱټң
˶һۣһ
أ
ѯʣΪʦΪοֱȷϣԶ˺ŽţһȺˣˢˢ߳һŷŭ


1869 廨
Щˣ¶䣬ʮͨųͷ֮ũƷڡ
ǵʵ
֣һ㶡
ǰЩˣͨĲͨʦ½߶ǣǰЩȻﵽʦ
ûûĺۼ
κҲЩ㵡
׿ЩˣأûӦǴδӴ
ûûɱûĥ¹壬ʦϢ
Ӧǳѿ˸ı䣬һͬͨˡ
͡
ӦúЩйأǰЩˣ汲ôʾ£õ˳׵ĸı䡣
һһ²Ҳӵлʵ
ͺǰλżСţʥߣһʹﵽʥ򡭡
⡭
֣۾Ź⡣
֮ǰʦ˵ô⣬˿̿Щͨˣʱ˷ܡ
ʦ½ˣҲˣٴˣηˡ
ǿʦѧԸѧҲܽǿߣʦǧͽﵽʥҲֻʮ˶ѡ
ֲһӵпʦʵ
Ȼˡ
ʲôˣƻׯڡ
ǰŭĺ
Ϊ׵Ǹߣٰʮȴ壬ͷںڣһӯ֮С
ͬûȻѾﵽ˻֮۷𾳣
𾳣׷ԲֱӴﵽ
˵ȥš
ҵƻԸ⳥
һǸ⣬һһҩġ֮
ЩȻ˵Ʒκεطֵˡ
ڵˣһĻȫһ
ûʲôıǰЩɢܸܳġ
֮ԳΪղż˻ٻǼĶׯڣٻӣЩƷȡ˲ֹһء
ǵģ
ͣһ£ɲš
ǣ
һЦŰɣպãһҪѯʣϣܹõ𰸣
ʲô£˵޷
˽Ķװϸ걸ȷֵƣߵɾΣæ
Ѿ⸱̬ȣʵ
ˣһǺδ
ǿڣʯҴ壡ߵͷ
ʯҴ壿üʡ
ӳٹʥۡϽһڣһ˲廰
ӳٹʥ
˵ͷ˿
ӳٹʥǿʦʮ֮һȻȽ󡢲Щļ󣬲ͬһ𣬵ʷϣҲ¼
óѿǿʦĹ˼ֲĹ͡
ȻӳٹʥϽҲ˵ͲµһȷӰټҵķΧ
ŵϸѰңû뵽֣зˡ
֪βȥӳٹʥۡʵ
ʷʥ϶Ͳˣ˿϶ţҪѰҿʦ㼣Ѱץס顱ȥ˺δͱҵӰټҵǿߡ
ʥۡڷǣЩ룬λżĻôǹȥ
ЦЦǴ廨רйѱһͷޣȥޣٶܿһЩ
廨
һЦֻҪǷ򼴿ɣҪͷ
ôܽͷǴУʲô˶ܽģˣóȻȥױץ·ɣʮϤȥҲܷ£
дŲɡ
ǰļŪǵׯڣĸԸ̬ȼãҲȻʮֿ
ֲִֻõ˵ͷ
ʯҴ壬ǸĴׯֻһпȫʮ顣
ܿ죬˴˵еġ廨òֻ˵Ŀùȥշɷɲ֮࣬ˣһСУȷԵóˡ
صʵ
Է߹֣Ϊ
ȷʾȷʵء
ҿԴȥǣǰһӳٹʥĸۡʲô˶ԹȥģݷãҪǰϰóȻȥˣҿɲǵ
ǰüëһȻ
Ϊ廨ԼĽϡ
ġͷ
ȻǵʵѾﵽⷽ۷壬ιѰ𰸣ǴܡɱˣȻ³ç
ǾͺãУǰһ䣬Ƿ˴峤ȥǣұ⣬ҪΪһߣϲңֻܴ˵ıףʱûҪ޵ȥ
һɫ
ء


1870 
ѱ޳һͷӥޣͺܴ󣬼ڱϣӵ
֣˱еģʦ͵ԸջǷޱϣĿ
Ҳߣ
ǵɻĿ
Ϊ⼸λʹһûӴû뵽Ȼ
ǰɣ
֣Цŵͷ
˿һЦԺҲҵõϴ峤洫ôˣֻһͨ˿ˡ

֣
ϴ峤ǵõӳٹʥ˴еģ
Ŷ
ϴ峤ʱȥǣõָ㣬ȻˣǴǿϧûȻԻ岻ѣ
͡
ǼֻεĴ峤ʵǴǿϴ峤У˽ĳЧ
֪Ǻֹʦָ㣿档
ӳٹʥµĴУ϶򵥣ԷӴֻƤëӦҲܿЩ
ʦüЩ⡣
һְҵרڿΣ˽ɻ󡭡
ûҡͷǼ崫УйôڿΣֵطӦҲڴðɣû
ѯ˼䣬ףӰټȻûʦã
ҪѧϰҪ崫Уʸá
νĴúѧԺ࣬յĻеţǰ廨Ӧûʲôϣġ
ѦϹԪˣǴõĸ֡
ôϸòȥѰɣǣûô򵥣ȥüˣЩһ涼û
һֱ¶ͬ顣
ҪЩ͸ѧ봫ڵġ
ѧڵʵҲǻԵɺϡ
ֻ֪һȺҪײ˵ˣû֮ǰ顣
һʱһ޴ĳгǰ
ǣˣ
λ廨Ǹǣʶʦ½ķ鲻Խҡͷ
ЩƣżҡʦڵĳбȣһĲֵ
ڣһᣬһ޴ĸۡǰǰһָӳٹʥĸۡˣÿ춼в˹Ѱᣬ㿴ЩҪѧϰģϧֻһֱʲôò
˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻۡΧһȺꡣ
һĿ㣬еĹľˣ岻ͣζƺЩֲסȴҧ
ü
ôҪѧϰΪ֣֮ǰĸۡȴŽգǲῪһ
ʦн࣬£ӰټңѧΪβгȥ
ǲ⡣
ʦΪؽ󣬲£Ϊ֮ʦӰټҼȻΪֱ䣬Ը⽫ڳȥ
ɻ󣬾ǰĴš֨ѽһ򿪣漴ݵӰ˳
һˣ겻ʮ꣬ü࣬һΪɲ⡣
ʥǿߡ
λˣȻǴʥǿߣ꣬Ҳﵽʥأʵʵĳš
ÿˣʮϿҪҵĽ̻壬ȡͨ
ǰλ꣬˽
ǣ
ͬʱͷһɫء
ã
һ
Ƿμĺ󱲣ǾȻҪ˴ˡ̫ˣ
ܽõģһеţǿߡָܹһ䣬Ҳֵˣ
ϧ⴫ǳѧҲѧ

һۡ
ӳٹʥֻƣıз룬˿еķңǹʥеļ塣
Ǻãһ·˳磡
ٶ˵˰˰֡

ֱԶٶȥգ۹ʧȥټ
ʦ
Զ֣
ţȥɣҪ֪ܣӦͻƵ㣡
ͷ
֮ǰʦ½ϹԪˣǴõǿߣѯʲôƯĴ廨Щ
ֻҪ˴ãһӦöʲô
ȥûԴҩɣʥǿߣɵٶô죬ҵޣɶϣҲ׷ϣӰӶ
ǵĶԻ廨Цһ
Ҳѧϰǡ߸ͬһ˼ҲҪ޶ܷУ׷׷ϣôѧ
ѧҲҪкʵʰɡ
л͹ķʥޣǾͲˣǣ
ĻһЦһΡ

գ۹˲һ㣬ʧȥټ
㡭
廨ӿҪͣæתͷǰ֣κ̣ͼҲЦЦ

ͬʧ
ͨ
һƨڵϣ㡰廨ݶܲˣɵˡ
Ϊͭζû뵽ߣһ𼶱ġ


1871 С
ȥܾȿҪץġ廨˼ӿٶȣʱ䲻Ϳǰеꡣ
ˣȻƿռУʩչٶҲǼ졣
ҪҪסѯʣ
֣
ãʣҲ֪Ĳ࣬ںУ˵طȻʲôˣ
ҡͷ
⼸ȥ˴õģҪѰҵĶ̫ܣס϶Ҳ֪飬Ū֪˶ˣϢйȸȥ˴˵
֪ʦľд֣ٶ˵
һ˼ٷУһʵɽǰʱѾˣǧ
ڵϣ֣ȥϢκܡ
վǧˣ䶼ûʮ꣬Ϊ֮ǰһȫʥأЩﵽ벽ʥˡ
ᣬӵʵʦ½֣ˣûȴһðô࡭ӰټңȻͬ졣
ӵйʥѪټϿʦкѿһʦ½ȷ֮޷⡭
ͷ
ʦ½Ҳ٣ܴﵽʥصģ壬ҲǳϼˣСģꡣ
ʮΪȷ˾þޡ
ʦЩˣǴս߳ģʦ½ǿߣʺս
Ҳʲôκ̴
ͷ
˵Ҳ㡣
ʦ½ǿߣ󲿷ֶʦȻսǿȴʺϽѧ֪ʶǰЩߣһдĮЩ䣬һսʦ֮С
ӣǲΪս⣬Ҳס
ʦˣòһռ֮УҪ룬ΪеһԱЩʮʥĺˣǰ˵ģ
һᣬ֣ǰ
ΪһԱ
þ˵ĿռڣҪ룬ͨؿˣϻԶų
֣
ü֮תܿȥܿҡҡͷ
Ȼ󷨣ȴ۵ռ֮࣬ӣҪǱãûôס
ѵҪαװɿߣȥ
Ρ
ӵ֮£ǿսʥԿ⣬ȴҪαװѧȥôЩΡ
ĻʲôطзӡжǿҲףóȻӲ鷳
ʦµĶΪҲóȻٶͺ֮ǰϣһҲֶк˰Ҳѡ
Σޱȣǲαװûкʵݣڸҵطס£ҽȥϢᴫݸǣ
ͣһ£λѧ
ظαװαװѪ̽ԿɻУ֣κ㣬òı䣬һйʥϸ̲飬ͬ¶ڡ
棬ҲӦ
ã
֪ʦı죬ûм֣ͬʱ˵ͷ
ȶʹ˸ɫ֣κЦǰܿ콫ҵλǰЦݡ
Сã
βУ֪˵ĵϸǰλзС֮Улͨˣõġ
ǡ
˸棬С񼴱ӳٹʥĺˣҲԲֱӺ֣ɻ
ģ㸸׵ѣ㵥˵һο˵ļɣ
΢΢һЦ
׵ѣ
С¶ɻ
ӳٹʥ壬峤ǰŵλˣѵĻ϶˵ˣôһϢ֪顣
ǰ˶ӣһ˵˶ԷĻɣɫ䡣
ã
Ȼ֣Сǵ˵ͷ
Ȳ˵ʵﵽʥ۷壬˵طǸ֣Էʲô˼ӦҲֱӶ֡
˵ֻǸСҲûʲôֵͼıġ
һ棬СѯʣҪʲôͿԷ
ǰһڣֱ˹ȥ
ǰơ˸ﶯְ
ս۵ռ䣬תգ۹򣬱˶Էģ·޶¡
Ȼʱ϶̣ȴҲ֪˹ɡ
Ӱټҵˣſͨ˸ûй˵ﵽʥˡ
ðԼɢޣ϶ǲеģˣֻίλ
˵϶Ҳкô
ٴԷˣٷܹ֮ͨõĳ⡣
صղŵĵط֣κߵλ꣬Ҳ˻һãȻ
Ȼûףʲô
ںŪ˼䣬ԭأʱ䲻ߴӰڿУһŨѹܡ
øˣ


1872 Ŀ
⼸˿ȥ΢΢һЦ
Ȼˣ֮ǰȥżҡҹ鷳ϹԪ̨ࡣ
Ϊﵽʥ󲿷ʱ䶼ڳ˯һ飬˴ʥǿߴڴõĵλ͡
λǹʥ㴫ߣܴӱظ˲٣
Ϊ׵һλླ۷ǿߣһܣ£Դޣõձ׼˵ҲӦףÿֻһٸҲ⡣
αģһǧһʮλҲ˵ʮλͨһʮֲпᣬԼηģھͿ˳
ֻһٸ
ü
ǧˣʮ겻ʹﵽʥأʦ½ÿһžޣ£Ȼ̭ô࣬
ˣδ̫Ͽ˰ɣ
֮ǰ峤˵˵𣿴һôϿʵ岻Ҳһ𣿡
֣һ
Ƿҵ֮һСǣΪȻСȴҲﵽʥ۷塣
ʲôһ
˵ѡΣÿ궼пˣʧܵģûԴ͹Ӷʧȥʸ񡭡ߵһս
ЦҡͷСɻĿô飬ò˰ɣ
ôֻǸпһˣ
һЦз𺳡
ÿ궼ˣʧܵûԴ͹ڣʵ᲻̫пЩ
Ӧ
ΪҪжԴ˸
ˣĻҲ˵εĿ˺ͬӼ򵥡סǰɽ壬λضˣ֮ǰÿǰһöĴһ飬ͻ̱ͳӶʧȥõʸ񣡡
ǧͬʱɽ壬ˣҲԶ˶ֻ֣Ҫ֤Լ̭ɣֻ̭ʣһ˵ʱ򣬿˽µģͨã̭ģûлᣡ
Ϊ׵Ĳླˣٴε
ֱ̭
ƽó䣬һɽͲ˶ҲǲսҲͨ˿ˣ
ó󷨵Ļú÷һһôȣ
˶ȥ̭أ
·۵
Ϊǰһս߱ԣû뵽ֱ̭
ҲżȻ¹أȻ⣬ûɳרŵִӣػͬᱻץס̭Уֻʱʱ䣬ʱڣֻ̭ʣһˣȫ޷ͨ
ླ˼
ʱ
ִӣ
ɫȫһ䡣
нˣ˿ȫû뷨
ʱ̭ǧˣʵ̫ȣҪǵ޷ͨŪͬᱻ̭
ԣҪΪһеһԱֻмӿٶȣṶ̆ˡ
в׵𣿡
򣬲ླٴλˡ
ף
ˢˢͷ
ܺãλԼݣȥȡ
ླ˴һӣȺм̳һ̨ǧöơ
һλ굱ǰҧָ⣬һѪҺ˹ȥ
ˣ
һ̨ϷʾһּʥѪ

ѪϿɣһƷ˹䵽Էǰ
ŵڶǰ
ȻͶȡɡ
һĻҡ
ҿͲ³ǰСŪΣαװӣҪ֣κҲð䣬ɾͻᱻȥˡ
󣬻ǰʱ䲻ǰȡѪҺ̨ͬõһö
Ѫû⣬СǵҲȥ롣
ʱǧˣȫ˴ݵ
ˣڹȥɣʱʱ䣡
еĲླԲǿߺһһӡ

ƺʲôϱ򿪣ˢˢɽȥ
ȹȥ͵ռݵ֮ƣͨ˵ļ١
Сǵȶ˸ȥ;һסɽ壬һĿ϶ᱻ룬ҵطţȥǣ
ɽͨд󷨣ղžͿˣµĲӦͬһˣᱻ䵽һ
Ȼͬһ壬һ𣬱Ȼռݺܴơ
ţ
СǶü
һʵҲ̫ǿܻܲ¶˵Էɢע⡣
ҵģ֤Ƕͨˣ
ȻαװɷСȻҲҪӳٹʥһЩô
ã
˿϶Сǵͣһ£ͬʱ˵ͷ
ҲͣԷˣԼҵõǣһЦǰȥ

һת֣֮һ̣Ȼԭʧ


1873 Ͽ淨
ٴγֵʱһʯ棬ով壬͸еһâŵ棬ֱǰơ
ֻҪУᱻ̭
ӣǰģãֻȺ
ٶͦ죡
һЦָӭ
ˣ
âָ֮⣬޷ǰֺ
ʩչֻʥأƾͷӦʥǿ߶Կ⣬ǰλ͵Ϯߣͨվܹɹ
ס͵ϮȥǸµ꣬׾͵סâ¶֮ɫеڶУתӡ
ӣλʵߣֻܱ̭
Ӧͦ죬ߣˡ
¶֮ɫָٴһ㣺

ˮֱ̽ڿУ޷
ռǾ
ʥʮʥˣŵǰˣôôùֱӸϣ
λѣҹϣŶ㶯֣дһ
ҧæġ
ʵڼҲǶ⣬ţֻҪغãײɱߣζû뵽һγ֣Ӳӡ
֪ˣͺãɶְ
һǲԣ
ʲô뽲
ҧҿñӦҲ֪ÿ˵ĹжģҲû̫ö
ҲҪѡ񣬵һƣ㱻̭ڶң֪顭
ģģǣܣҲΪѣ
ѡڶ
û̫ã꿪ڡ
ߵķ˼岻֪Դ˴ãԴֹͣӦԺûпˣ
Σܷᡣ
ܺã˫ֱɫȻĿӿʼһߵزģÿһˣҪ֪ʮϸ
⡭
Ϊѯʲô˶֪飬һ£Ȼ֣ɾʵش𣺡Ҵӿʼ˶ʮߴοˣÿ궼һΣÿһοˣͬΣ̭ˣ̭ģֹͣԴ͹ľӪҵ
ܿ죬꽫齲һ顣
üͷ
֮ǰµһӰټҵľʮֲпᣬˣһʼѾʼͨõԴͨû취
Ѿ󱲣ˡ
˵ƵˣƳ棬Ȼɱʤģġ
ʮʥ壬ƺõľμӴÿ˵ģһĥѣŴӼڣӱ
ѹָղžͿЩˣĮսʦЩƣ־У϶ѾĮͬһŷֽʱ
Ҳѹ֣Ѧˣܺϣû˿١Уֻʤûʦеĵ׼
ӰټңǿΪ桭
ипٴοǰ꣺ղ˵Դжʲô˼
Ϊӵܣ᲻֪
ٴɻ󣬲֪ڼ£ֻõﵽʲôֿͨˣԴһģ֪ÿ嶼ˣ˭⣡
˵ֽ꣬һᡣ
껰һڸףʥӪģʽˡ
տʼѡк󱲽涨ʱڣﲻָģᱻ̭ʧȥԴ͹Ĺÿ궼ˣҪõԴҪиֿˣóɾͣӵС
˵磬Դƿأȷ˷ָ
ѵȥѰĳЩżѰұأ
Ҳ̲סʵ
ʦ½ߣҲûôԴǻѰһЩżѰأ㾭Σգһɹõġ
ˣΪβô
żͱأԴᱻջأͺɱңҲ޷ҵԴΪҳŵʱϴĶÿһҪǼǣһˡ׷ļ壬׷Ѱ


üëһ
ӰټңΪʦˣƿԴҪʲô
ѲԴȱ
ѯһᣬԼ֪Է˽ģŪָһ

굹ڵϡ
ߺͻѣѹղŵľȫ
һЦһֱ̤ǰȥգ۹ʧԭء
ΪﵽѾĨһ˵ļ䣬ղô࣬ȻҪԺ϶С鷳
ȻˣǰҲЩ


1874 С
ʶǣ
뿪꣬ǰ˲Զʶӿգ۹ͽɽ嶼ڡ
طȻʶ̽飬ɲˣ󷨵⣬ټʵǿʶô֣ᱻ˲
ܿ죬ͱҵ˵ټ
С͵һɽ֮У˷ֲˣСûôˡ
ӳٹʥˣС񡢷СǺͷС塣
ǰ˳أʱû˲ߴ˿Σգλǿ׷ɱ
ҿóٶȣҲ죬Ȼƿ϶ͱ飬̭ˡ
ٴһΣֱСķӶȥ֪ܿ϶˼ӣٶʥ۷壬
أ
һըѡ
κãкܴģʱʱһսһһǿ̭߱
ò˵õĿˣʮֲпᡣ
ȻˣΪԼܹͨе϶ǼٵģŪþͻᱳͱ
£Ϳϣ䵥߿̭˭֪һΪͬˣ֣Ҳ̭ˡ
ˣ͵ȱݣϷǵûŪãᱻΧ£絥һ
߿ǰСǱߣͷð亹ͣ
ͬǿ߹ѾˣҲ˴룬ƣ
ˣԹԱ̭òʵԽģ
һϴߵţ΢Ц
꣬νСΧڡ
̭ңͶ֣벻˴ãҲˡ
֪·Сҧǰˣ˵Ķǡ
Ҳģһ־ͱ͵ΧֵܼڣѾˡ
ˣҲ䣿
Ϊߣ֣

ˢˢΧ㸲ȫ֣Ӷ޷ѡ
Ϊ׵Ȼﵽ˰벽ʥҲʥ۷壬Сκһȣһأͬʱˣæҡ
أ
ɫһףܵС嵹ɶײһʯϣЩ͸֧ࡣ
ˣƣȥһ
ΪѾû˷֮һ䡣
ǣ
ЦЦһǰָ𣬱ֱСǰƵ˹ȥ
ֻҪУȻֱ̭
ϧɲ˼ˡ
¶֮ɫֻ֪ƸأСֻεı۾
һᣬδеǰѣæ̧ͷ漴һӰ֪ʱǰڲԶһʯͷϣڶ۾̺Ц⡣
ţһڶ𣺡ΧЩ̫صɣ
С񡭡
Сһ
Ǳˣ峤ĶӣС
ȻΣʱ̣˹
˸ģ
ȻΧ¾ˣΪЦʹ˸ɫʣ¶ˣΧм䣺Ͼͻ֪ʲôص

֪ʱ䱦û̫ϻ˳˹
С񣬿ܣֻҪͨ˾ˣùҡ
ΧСż
Сʵ֪ĺֻǿһ˿ˣͬûʤ㣬䱻̭ߣΪӳٹʥ壬һ˿ϣ
أ
ûȭ𣬽ĺʺҲ˵
ֻղŻڵˣ˿ȫڵϣǾ֡
ʯϵķС񣬺ûһ㣬ЦӯӯĿдŹԽ̭ɣ
ң
Сӷ¡
˿̣ûףԼϤλСһɽܵġ
ǲҪ̭𣿼Ȼˣ̭ǵ£Ȼ㡭

ʵ˳֣ѾԴСˣ̭Էʵڲ˼
ô˵ҲǸҪˡ
ҡǶ֣
ɫһ죬Сҧ
ȻǰˣҲᣬ̭ܺԷƾʵ޷ɵġ
ģ㰴˵ս̭˶ѣʮּ򵥣
΢΢һЦдŹ
򵥣
֪ԷΪλ˵ͣһ£Сҧҧãԣ
ڸǰʵӦòᱻ̭ȻˣҲûʲôɵǵˡ
㲻֣
Ϊ׵꣬վдž֡
Էһоͽ˻ܣʵ֮ǿһǰδʹ˶ս϶ᱻ̭׷ĿҪѵļһսʮּ򵥡
Ҳ֣þȫ̭ܽҷŹǣǾ͵ṷ̋
΢΢һЦ
С㡭𣿡
⻰СһΣûιȥ


1875 һЦ
ΪԷΪĥԼֲסϣԼû뵽Ȼ֡˿϶þȫô
Ͳˣ
һû뵽ôӡ
ᣬСᡣ
ī˵ȥ϶ӮȻ̭ˣҲְæԷɥģЦã
ָ㣬䶼ѣ
ðɣ
һûЦн˲֪ٱ飬Сһһ׳
˱̭뿪һ﷢£һһʮĸ峤
֪ǰ߶ѣΪˣһۣ¶˺֮⡣

ͬһ磬ͬʱ֡
գ۹ǰĿжֱۣÿһС£ߵ·ߣȫ
˵ʵͱҪǿ˿þȫ֣ͨʥһǿϣӱܡ
ӡ
С
Ϊᱻˣʱӣܻˡ
޷ܣĿʱһĴڶ
ҵķԸȥʽͨƵмȭڶУ
֪ǷСĻ䲻֪ԷΪʩչ⼸У˿Ѿû·һҧһƴˣ
ܴӼϿĿУһߵزĥѣգ۹ľƽ似Ժлţһˮת

ʽ˹äͨȭȭպڲԶؿڡ
أأ
ǰƱ飬һ֮УĹâ֣ʧԭء
⡭
СһԼ˫֣ǿŹ
Ϊᱻû뵽նԷ˵ֻһУƽΧ̭
ɶʱԼҲôˣ
㡢㡭
ͬһ˲ʧΪ¶֣ٹ˲Ϲ鲻Խĺˡ
СղŵʱǶսķӦ۷壬һٽ̭ôʱ䣬㣬ԶԶ
ʮǰ׸գ۾ʹﵽֵزѵǰǼһķԸ
̲סԶʯϵ꣬зˡ
ָ㣬һ½ô࡭һﵽ׶ǿ
һ̭ɣ
ϷС𺳣
ǣ
֮ǰЩɻ󣬴˿̣СѾǼٴǰΪǰָſ
ٴսһ
δٻʤָԷֽԷĹѡúַʽжԿ
տʼС廹Щ裬˼άϣʮйȻ֮࣬ǰΪ꣬ȻǶ֡
أ
ΪǰƱһָ飬ʵ£屻֣ʧڶǰ
С񡭡
ƾԼʵȻʤһλ벽ʥСţٴοǰ꣬Ǿ塣
ѹλ˵Ҫǵţû뵽û֣Ȼﵽֵز
˵мĻͼʯͷϵ꣬˰֣תͷԶɽЦ⣺λĹˣǲǸóˣ
žžž
һƵ漴ɽӰ߳߸ˡ
Ա߾ȻôˣģѾϣСС⣡һ£Щס
ʱףΪθղСһֱˣӦͷڲ࣬ʱ̷
ƾָ㣬ΪһļһʤˣСû뵽겻Ѿﵽֵزˣڵ㣬ʸˣ
ǰ꣬һ£ղŵĳġ
ǡԨʥˣһЦ
˵ģһķС䣬׹ѣο֮еǿߣû֮һ
ÿ꿼ˣμӿ˵ˣ˭ǰ̽
Ҫ˵֮Уģ϶ǰλ
Ԩʥʦʮʥһˣ֮Ĵʦ֣սһȽʥҲҪĻΥ
ǰλһЦˣһպ
û뵽ˡ
ǣ
ûжԷ𾪣Ҳûһǵһֵľ򣬶һȻĿ
⼸λҿ۵ģ㣬Ҳˣǣһ̭
˫ֱһЦдŲɵİԵ
˼Ҳ뱻˿ϣҲ롭
һö˵
룬ǿ㣬֪ôӦŲھͽ̭κλ᣿
⸱̬ȣһЦһҲ̲סȡ


1876 ִӳ
Тاʥĺˣһǰʹﵽʥ۷壬Ϊδÿˣͨû뵽Ū˸̭
ֻ̭ҪСǰһҲܹ֤ģϧãŽ벻ãο֮УǿһЦ֮£ֻܱ̭
һЦο˵ǿߣԩ
ɽ⣬֮ǰϹԪվһһˣǰ
ֻҪ̭ᱻֱӴ͵⣬ЩõĴ壬ʵʱƿ
ȽӺʥˣȽǡ
֪ԩֻЩʰˣ
ТΡ
ˣû취£ֻŽûþ͵ʵЩܡ
ûʲôʣһЦѦĵܵܣõָ㣬οھۼôˣΪﵽʥһأ񲻻磬Ҫʤѣο㣡
ȽǴЦЦο⣬϶ҪЦ󣬳ɼˡ
οˣ֤Լܹģ̭Խ࣬Խǰ
λһЦʵǧ˵һǾۼ߸ʵǿߣ˭ϣֻб̭һ·ߣ취
ǰԨʥһһǿ߱Ҳû취¡
ȻϣТεĵ˵ͷδ䣬ͻȻǰâһһӰͨһˤڲԶĵ档
ӺʥˣʩԴǸһЦҸղžǱ̭ġ
ͻȻļһТһ
ǰʶ
һЦ˵֮һôͻȻ̭͵⣿
ѲɣһЦ˸Ҷֲɣ
ͨ
𾪣ǰٴһһӰ䣬һЦ˵ļ֮һ
ͨͨͨͨ
ĸ˵䣬һΡ
Ƕǡ
Т
⼸ˣˣǸһЦ˵ļôһգ۹ȫ̭ˣ
Щ˱̭һЦ֣ʲôĵˣ
Ҳ̲סæǰǡ
ͬûһӰͨһ£ǰ
˵òТ۾ԲһȽҲһΣˤ
Ϊ϶ο˵õһԨʥˣһЦ
ֻλڶھŴӵһŭָǰɽ壬ҲͲסеķŭС񡭡Ҳү
һЦˡ
Ǽ񲻻ǿߣοڶĹھΪԴɱķû뵽СŲ˳Сһһ㷴֮ûС
ܴ谡
Ƚʦһɡӳٹʥ˷Сףִǰȥ̽顭
꣬ȽǴǰȭ
ף
ҰǰλСȻʵȴҲһأڲɽһܣЩ˶Ƕ֡
һЦҧ
ãִ֪ͨӣǰȥ飡
ȽǴ˵ͷ
䲻֪ףȻ˵һڶĹھͲݺӡ
ȡĴѶݹȥ
ģף϶мѭӲõķۡ
꣬ȽǴ忴ǰһЦο
ȻǹƽˣȻףҪʵʵֻ̭˵ûа취
ţ
һЦ˿
ղ˵Сṷ̋ģǱһˣŽôǿ߻ܣȽǴʵ
ǰλܴôǿߣԷ϶ҲС
ȻƾһˣҪ˵֡ʥأҲɣ

ɫһ죬һЦƤ鶯һˡһС壬δ֣
һˣȽǴһǵ
ǣһȺΧ
һЦˡ
ԷʵǿģβŭԼ˳֡˭뵽ôǿߣȻûڶԷгŹһغϡ
һȺΧһǹƥȫ̭ˣ
۾ԲȽǴ岻š
һЦϣֻܵͷ
⡭
ȽǴ𾪵ĺϲ£죬һ˻ôǿߣѲλСѾﵽʥؾˣ
ûãʹﵽ־硭
İɣ
𺳣ϸѯʣ͸еǰٴιâһȺˣһ㡰ͨͨǰһǱ
ִӡ
ִӲ̭ôҲˣ
ТһЦȫǰΡ
ǰģǱˣɽڸִĴóԱ
ȥλСû뵽Ȼȫ̭Ū˳
ûơ
ȽǰͲס
λС񣬽ץס˸󣬽ӳġ
ִӵĸ˼æ͡
ô󡭡ӳ
ȫˡ

ɽڡ
תһڷķС壺߰ɣȥҷСǣ


1877 
С˿Ρ
СǱǿҲֻһѣڲһЦɻܣִ̽ӣһ˳ȥ̫˰ɣ
𷢴·
ںǰһξ룬С𣬼æȥ漴λ굲סȥ·
ҾͲˣҸղŸ˵ԣ

ǣ
֪ĥԼĺûᣬһҧСǰ
ղźΪսСָ˲٣˺ܶսϵ򣬴˿һһӦԣȻӦ֡
ʱ䲻λ·꣬ͱ̭
ַʽսȻս
ǰԼĽС弤ѡ
ǰ˵һԿ⣬˿ȴɻܡٴοǰķСȻǳˡ
ʵսǽķ̭вȱݣȴܼ˵սͨ˵ˣøǿ󣬸ţ⣬ӱܣӦԣ
֪λҵĺ󱲣Ѿսµ
̭кܴϵǿߣ߲˶þͻᱻ̭ʣģδǧе۷ǿߣΣ
ܹȥŻмһģԺԻԽԽ졣
츳޼ľţټһĻߵĸԶ
ţ
սʤüʵģС֮ǰ˲١
֮ǰ뵽ߣαסڣ뵽ĸǡ̭֡
õķأ
׹΢΢һЦ
ӰټҵţԶ֮ǰڹʦ
Ȼ֣˱ȣǲ˲١
һָ㷮С壬һȥѰҷСǣʶ̽£֪ԷȫҲͲôż
һ·ǰУĶ̭սԽԽܼСսҲԽԽǿҲš
ʱ˷Сǲ֡
˿̵ķСǣû֮ǰλӵܷ֡
⼸˵ʵ۸ˣΪҪһЩһѾԼԿˡ
һͷ亹ֱð
ڼֲסʱһƳ֮䣬߹ķСͷС壬۾ʱˡ
ΪԷֱӳæסΧļˣȴֱͣߡ
СָûսһõĲãͻᴦ·磡
ǰȷõʮֲСͷ
֮ǰͷСǱȣΪ޼û뵽̶̰ʱѾˡ
㣬ʲô
ǿ飬ҲǶĥ¡
һǳˮȭʽҶûж룬Сæ
ǳˮȭǳˮץ㣬ԵյʮϤһʧ㿴˶ԷԷҲģҶ̫ʺϣ
ҡͷ
ҹӦԶԷĹˣǳˮȭȱݣ˵Ҷãϱ̲ƣӦû࣬šڣܽʣµҪУ
һ£Сŵ
ţͷ
һ̵ʵսλСȷСôѾԾһˡ
̸߽ԶķСǿҪˡ
ǳˮȭҶǳáܹһûҿ챻ˣ
أ
ƣٴαȭһࡣ
Ϊ˿϶æԻٴ
ȭϣȻöʧѣΣͷصڣ죬޷ˣ㣬
ҾӦýСȣղȭʮ㣬ϣٶ̴УҲĶעɢ͵Ϯؿڵƣ
ⲻս̭Ʋؼġ
أ
СٴαҳѪ
ȭأ
ȭ䲻Ǻܺʣȴĺܺãö뷢״̬ңͣ˳߳һ¶Թ˼ͬ©
˳߳ǺܺõˣԼûôܹͨĹһǿнϢжϣԷлɳˣ
ǣӦô죿
ú룡
Ҫֽƣ
ȻǣֽƳɹֻɣһпܻᱻԷ͵Ϯá
һ£һѧϰܿ죬Ͼ군
ɶ
ܲõģ
Ǹô죿
С˵ս񶨺Щ㱡
ô죿
ɸ֣ռϷˣֻҪŹ򣬶־ͻʧȥӶһֱڱ״̬
أ
һķСٴΰ˺üȭ
㿴ˣͷ

Сǿˡ


1878 
Ȼˣ
СǹȻͷת򣬷ֲ嶫涣СŹ⣬ͷ
СȻһ۾Ϳ˹ؼڡ
ǰķŪûлɳˣڣȭ֮£Իᷢ£ɥʧᡣ
Ȼõˣȴᰲȫ٣ս
ǲǾʹûлˣ
ипСʻٴ
⡭ҵȷ֪ôˣͣһ£СΡ
ȭ£̬ʧ⡣
˲ܴ衣
ʵ֪ηõķһֱطȻ硭ǰ߿¡

⡭СȻǰսʱͷ­ܵģһֱܴϣ˵Ѿ޿ʱȥЩȥطȻ𵽺ܺõЧ
أ
ԻĹǰķСٴαԴǰǽǡ
˾ͻװƣָˡ
һԽ˵Խ࣬˿ûгְæ˼Сֹסеˮ
ͬˣܵû뵽ԽԽ࡭
Է˵Ҳ⼸һһֱطķȷһЩ
ƴˣ
һҧӲһȭٲ˵Ĺ磬һ˳ȥ
أ
պһ˵Ŀ£һֱۿβļһ˲ͬһϺס
ɹˣ
ɾ߷һСӿţ˷ܡ
Ȼף˵սȴʵʵõġ
һס˵Ĺһ䡣
Ի
Ǽϣձ߷ΪΪһʧȥȻȻˣңʱ򣬻ƽȭϼˮ⣬ӦÿǣסԷ
ƽȭˮ⣬ȷõİ취ǡӦûǸάתĻˣֻҪڣ󷨻ʮ鶯֮£ʤùˣ
԰Ӧνˣ
ܼ򵥣ʹÿԶˣָ͵Ϯǰ֣ˣȻˣ

ԣ
ԷȻ˵˻СǲţѾû·ٴҧԶתʣգ۹ףָ͵ǰ̳
һˣά󷨵̱ǣ󷨵ĻˣһΣǰպǰƫУǰײ˽ϡ
꣡
ѣһŵĿ֮У֣ʧԭء
ҲУ
Сһ
Ϊ˵ĶԻֻϹ˵û뵽ȻζԳɹ򵥾ͽˣжʱǻȡ
ֱʱӦԷտʼֱ˵˶ڣǴֻš
ǲԼԼս
ֻǡˣԼôͻȻôˣ
ָ㣬Ҳɻʤ
ѲǵԣԹ壿
֪ʱǾʱٴ䡣
Ի
ɵ󷨣Ѿƽ⣬ǲӦãٴιһˣ
Ȼǣƻ˿϶עȱݣһ˵Ļױһ͵ϮҪģסԼ

˶ԷĻúеִΣҲгЧ˿̣С̲סҡͷ
Χû󷨣Ҳֵס
ˣһҲһֱȷ
һ뵽ˣæһ࿴֣ߣ͵һһ˿񱩵Ľȥ
žžž
ƺͶԷȭͷϢСеȫѪߵ۷壬Ҫһٳɹ֮ʱͻȻһݣͫ׶Ȼ
һˣһֻƲ֪ʱǰ
أ
պ˱һѣΣһͷڵϣûιȥ
һˣ汻һץסȱݡ
С˷ܵ
ǰղֻǷĻΪû󷨣ֱͬ飬϶Ľټһսй󣬻ӿٶȹһˣлɳˡʱ򣬲ҪȥģǽǸģ͵ڻʤˣ
С𣺡սѰʱûʱǾʹʱ
ǡ
Сͷ
ʱ
ǿסϵʹСٲվĵˮ¶
Ȼ˼¶˾֮ɫһŽ
һҲ̲סǰ
³çʵΪ˸ڶ˴ᡭ
Сһҧٲ³ç͵һӣڶײ˹ȥ
ڶ˼һ¶ϣ뵽ԷûϹûӦͱײ˱ӣʱѪ
ɹˡ
նԷ˵ȻûʧܣСǼ档
ûԼ


1879 Сආһȥ
ţ
СԼͷСԻ⣬¶οЦݡ
˷СݣȻҪӳٹʥһЩôָ㣬սҸ򣬲Լ뿪ԺҲܸõĽ
أ
ˣ̭һˣʣһͼ򵥶ˣʱ䲻Сǳ׽
ʣ˵ƣŭ˸ǰҪһ٣ͣȭлղŵĳѡ
˰֡
Էмм⣬ֻԼȷ£Ϊһֱһ͵нڲٺƷµˡ
ղŵսô죬ǡһۿǵȱݣȷĽ
л꣬Сɻ
һΪôԼһ㶼˵ÿһսȷޱȣ
ܹӶһ㣿
Сҵġ
С˷ܣսҪ۲ֵͼϵȻ
Ž˼ַ
Сһã
Է˵ЩδţڣûйУС񡭡ôģ
Ҫ˼룬һζͷɣ
ɻͣδͻȻתͷһࡣ

Х漴ֵܣΧˡ
ÿһĸһǸʮɵĶ飬ֳΧܡ
ǡһ·̭ˣָɵһ
һΪ׵꣬ߡ
Ǹֵļһʮ׳˶Ҳ˽֮С
ٺ٣̭ôˣǸӲ磡
һΪЦһѣҪִ磬ʵǿ٣Ҳһֱ⣬˺
ôսǣ
Сǻûô£СǰһһЦ¶ŨҵţǾһϰɣ
һ·Ϲ̭ʮˣ⣬ɼȻǰעⶼѡ
˶ӹš
һ·ѹһû֣սһĶ飬¶뽫̭
ΪһɹЩɼתƵͷϣӶһԾΪһ
С桭
û뵽һ³çһ˵ôֱӣСŵˡ
ʮϡΧ̭ǱȻģץʱߣ˵ɣ
һϣð
ڸս꣬۾ٺǶ֣ġ
һϣСӣ񰡣
׳˶ЦȻǾͱǲˡ֣
ǼȻΧ϶ϣ滰ʮ˻ǰ˷ȫ
С񡭡
ôӿСǵûоýţԽԽ˷ܣתͷͼޱ飬һ϶ı顣
һУСֱȺ˹ȥ
Ҫ³ç
Сǻ
ʮˣÿһΪֽͣųȥǲ
С񣬿취ߡ
Ҳ̲סתͷ
ӣСİɣ
ҡͷ
ͨղŵĽ̸λСƺʱҪˣ֮ǰģֱӱ
Ȼ֡
ǻġ
û뵽λͶԷһСһζҪѪ֪Ǻãͼ֯˵׳˶꣬ȻƹС嵽ǰ

ָſͬһ޴ȣֱԷСͷ­Ҫֱӻɱ
һﲻʩչ˵ĸоֻͨʥأȫӣŲȻҲﵽ˰벽񲻻ʱʱ̶̿ʩչǿ޷⡣
ˡ
Сɫһס
ղʤĸˣΪֵΪˣҲ㱻ӡ
ǰ˿ֶͣǿ߻ο϶ڽˡ
ڰṷ̋ȥȾͼ߱ķСüͷһ壬Ҳһӭȥ
ž
׳˶ƻûǰѾڶԷϡ
ǰԭתȦֻǰǡ
㡭
ת˼Ȧָ׳˶һŭ֡
ž
һƳһߵϣתȦ
Сආһȥң
ߡ
ҡ
׳˶Ҫ˵Щ׳Ļһ뵽Էҽ޼Ѱ̱ɫǺ죬һ仰˵
ѵԼСආԷ֣
æȺķС忴ȥͼѾĸ˵ϣһΪȻԼ֪ΪΣսϵӦ֣Ⱥһ㣬ԼˣȻûܹŹУ
ãȥս
ûκγɣ׳˶꣬תСķ˹ȥ
С۾ɵÿҪڵϡ
˭ôܸң׷ʲô
ô̶̰ʱСͷС嶼˹Ź֡Ҳΰɣ
һ˲䣬׻ˡ


1880 Ҳǣ
ɽĹ㳡
ڴ£ûƺ壬ˤڵϣ۾ֱĿУое㻳
ʥĴˣ֮ӣǧӱɵϺüλͬ飬ΧʵԼ͵ģԷ̭
ԽԽû취ˡ
վ뿪һȵ
⣬Ҳ̭ˣû뵽
һӰǰ
˵ӣһ㶣ԨôҲ
Ԩʥĺˣ˽񣬾һȶʵ޼ô챻̭úܶˣҼˣû뵽Լλѣ̭ĸ졣
Ȼһˡ
˵ˣһʵģ뱣סģû뵽ŪԨЦҡͷ
ҲǱʵ͵̭ģ
һҲͲס֪˭
˵Ҳգ˵ˣһʵֻͨʥ۷壬һһء
Ԩɫһ졣
Ҳͨʥ۷壿˭⼱æ
ǡӳٹʥˣС壡
Ԩε
ȻҲǱ̭ģζһ壬ǲš
ҲǱС̭
Ԩס
ǰһ˺ʮ˶սȫ̭ˡ⼱æͣδ䣬һ
ҲǱС̭ģɰҲǱ̭ģһ˽֣һŪ
ĸˡ
ǺɣҲǣ

̫ˣҲһòҰ

ǲңǱߵһЦ𣿺ҲǱӳٹʥ̭ġ
мǰ
һ顣
ת۹ѾΧʮˣȻǱǸСһ̭
òŪ˰ɣ
ô˽ˣ
ɥ
⸱ӣһЦǰ
ţ
ϳǰ˵ݣʥ˲ͷں档
⣬߳Ⱥһѱ̭ǰǺãǱӳٹʥ̭ģ֪ǡ
ɣҲǣ
Ҳǣ
ͬԺǺˣ
һ֣ʮΧ
Ⱥ뿪һȺ˸ǰûü˵ͼԷӭС̭İɣһҵ֯ˡ
⣺
ʱľÿҪˡ
ע⣬һӳٹʥ̭ᣬԸμӵ𣿡
һ
ұ
Ҳ

һӦ

ͻȻñΪԼ͵̭ǵ߳ܣЩմմϲأ

ˣ
ɴ۾ǰû˿仯ķС壬СǸеԼ۳׵߸
ʮˣߵĻᶼûУԼʵµС棬Ȼȥȫ̭
̶̰ʱڣ׾ʲôΪ޴ı仯
˵ͷС岻ǰΡҴô
дŽţǺҵûõѧʦ
ôɪ᲻񣬰˰֣ɣ
˵ˡ
ָôãôսȻ⸱ģҿǱ𣬲Ȼ˶Ҫˣ
ڵôӣһǺպսųǿ򣬶
֮ǰţӰټҺˣѧϰܿ죬ܹһ˭֪̫ˣŪǶǡ
ҡҴˣ֪òá
⸱飬Сɫһ䣬дŲ
ڵĳɾͣǰλָԵʣҪǲ˵ˣô
⻹дĲã
ľСץͷһķ񣬸϶˵˼άˡ
֪ͺãתͷղţȺУͨȭģ̭λ˵ģΪҪþǰ֣ȥҲλ֪˷Уôãһ˷Ӧ֪ôģһţǰܿҪӲӣԵ壬Ӳ
Խ˵Խһ˵ߡ˴ȱݣÿһֱָҪ
ҡ
С˵
ղŵսܿ죬û뵽СȻһһʽǵȱݶӡԺ
һ̭֮ʮˣǽԺ⻰֪ɺԶ
иĿռԽ
СôôȱݣС
Сǲͣĭ
ֱ˿̣ףΪζ̶̰ʱС仯ôˡ
λСĹͣ
С񣬻ңҲúСһǿ󡭡
ҲͲסСҲǰϿҵıȭû֮ǰĽ̬


1881 ·ʥ
·ʥˣ̭õĸˣ֮ǰڿĲླˣ
ʦͬɽ󷨺󣬾ͻطˣδ̭Ⱥ
һѡζѣ֪ͺãݣֵʱ̹ע
ëʣڰдī磬幤̺ζһ֪ľƽˮû˿

һӰڷ䣬д֣üëһ壺֣ôȥɣοЩԾ
⣬϶ϳս˵ݣѡϹԪᣡ
Ԫᣬżˣһֱ˵㣬ľȣšСǿ˶ѣʲôɽŵģҪǸı䲻־棬Ҫһܣ
ͷ­̧֪ǰ˵ݣеëֲͣȻ
ֽѵǡǣڸİ̭Ѿˡ
ϹԪæ
ңʲôҵģû̧ͷ쵭Ȼ
̭̫ˣ̫ˣ¼ֲʱͻᡭң֮ǰãʵǿĶ̭ˣµģδʵǰһٵġ
ϹԪЩǡ
ֳһ
һЦӣ̭ˣ֮ǰõĸ֣Ҳ׷׹
ԭֻһӳٹʥˣ
ֻҪ϶ᱻ̭Ѿˣѡһˣǹƽǿ᲻ǡ
һˣݱβż
Ŷ񲻸ã
ƺ֪㣬첢⣬ëٴմīɷ裬һЦӰټҵˣֻҪһ˵ѣ˭ҪֻҪͨˣõԽԽԶ
Ҳԡ
Է˳ţϹԪŵľҲ⿪
Ҫֻǰһٶѣ˭Ҫ
̭ǹƽģ㱻̭ˣֻ˵ʵУֲˡ
Ȼڴ󲿷߶ͬһ̭ԽԽ̭࣬ᡭ
ϹԪŵ
ͬһ̭˭һЦǶľʵ
ǣӳٹʥĺˡϹԪ
ӳٹʥˣ
ȻҲû뵽һ£С񡢷Сǣ
Ӱټұ͵רſǵÿһμӿߵ
ǡϹԪͷ
ӳٹʥˣһֱû̫ȣӱҲǺɣˣڰɣ˶мޣȣһֱȣҪľǡžǣûҪͣ
пһ䣬ɫ䣬ëʼдۼһ鷨Ҫɡ
ðɣȻ⻰ľôȣҲûʲô˵ˡ
ǰ˳ȣϹԪ˿뿪ͻȻһ£תͷŶˣӳٹʥ̭Ļ᳤ӣѬ

ë͵ڰֽϣһڵī̧ۣͷ
ӣҲμӿˣã϶᳤̭ʲô˼
̭ˣ
ȻţϻǱ˳ţ̲ס
ǰ̭ĺ磬ʮԺټΪ֮֯һ󲿷ֶհϹԪ͡

ȭͷһ
ôһܼ⣿
̭ˣΪܣ֮Ϊ١
ȥһҪúýѵ
ˣȥɣ
ŭһ漴ҡҡͷ˵ĺ󱲣аλ֮࣬Ѭһƽҹ߻ˣֲصΪˣ϶⡭
ˣ
ϹԪһ飺˵ģӷ硢ࡢˣ
ͷǼء
Ҳͱ̭ˣĳԱҪͶƱѬεϻ᳤
˵⣬ϹԪп˵ʵ·һʵ̫ŽˣľҲ̫ˣ̭˶ģ֯ᣬҲʮġ
꣡
һ죬еëʱϣɫ̵ͬݣһȺھȥǡ

˲䣬Ӱӷʧ

ŸղŻֱ֣ӱըһķߣϹԪͷһ
˰죬νľȣǺԼ޹أйˣҲȲס
ò˵С񡢷С塢Сˡ
һ·ʥ˵İ˸ȫ̭룬湻ģ
ңؼǣ˭ܱĹϵֻҪϣ̭û˿飬ľͲ½ñСЬ
Ҫ֪ãȻʮʥֽÿһλʥк˷ֲУʵ⡣
˵·ʥһокܴĻȨǿ߼ࡣ
̭ܲˡ϶ûô˳ˣ˵Ϊһ㶼Կ׻ᷢʲôֵڴ


1882 ͨ
أ
ʮλһʥˣ̭֮С˷ܵ۾ˡ
Сѧ˲һʱƾԼѾ̭˲ˣ
ֽٶȣǰζ룬ȴʵˡ
ͷСȣǲ˲٣һѾ̭˲߰ˣ
С񣬸û֣һֱֻҪԼˣ΢òԣƿںǳ⣬ˣڶʱڣӵ˾޴Ľ
ӣĥһ£Ϊȹ̣ӦþͿͻˡ
λһ˻ܣĵ˵ͷ
ȻЩǳɹǵʵ˲١
ο˹ľʵȻʵķԾܴﵽʲô磬Ͳȥƿصˡ
ֻ̭ʣһˣǰ
漴еһ֣һ̣ˢˢɽǰĹ㳡
һˣܲ಻ٸպһˣ⣬˶ˣΪǱ
ǧ˵̭УЩ˿ͨʵͣȻǰǡû
ϲλΪ˴ý
۾ɨˣƤһ飬ȻҪȥ˵ջͣ
ֻ̭˵Լĺ󱲼ˣȥΪѻʤߣڴõλ磬Ҳмȥ
ŵһᣬÿ˻ƾƻȡһöָнõ·ͷԼ񲻻ĹԴʱڣƾʵãΪѧԱ㿼ˣ˵ʮףǰһԽ룬ԽѡõʦԺи
üȻѧԺӦúѧԺһʦѡѧͬʱѧҲѡʦ
ÿʦѧ޵ģȽߣлѡõʦõԴҲ϶һ
ˣǰƽɣ
һǰˢˢһ̣һöָ˷˹ȥ
ָһ󣬽ָģһĶԺ
ȻͻƼ񲻻Ĺʦ½ûͳһķͬûУָ˷ֻҪͻƾͻࡣ
˹⻹һöԲĵҩż
ú󣬿˵´Ӷܵ񲻻ľ磬ΪͻƣӰٷ֮ʮļʡ
һơ
֮ȡһ㣬ʲôûӦ
󷨣Ҫݣ뽫ƽУʵҲǴõһֿˣ
ĶСƺǰ֪Щʲô͵
ˣЩ˲óأ

˶󷨾ͨ˲óֿˣЩ̫ƽɣ
ϵ󷨣ӣھϸ㾫ͨҲû̫ƣҪһƽ⣬ϸ˵ǿˣʵҲǶٽõˣۻӣȣҲкܴҪ󣡡
Сŵ
׹
СͷСǣӽɽ嵽ڣΪδӣҲûǿսȴһֹǿ߳ԿҪľǶľȣƿص˺֮䡣
˷ѣֺսȻˡ
ʶɨƣȻ濴ƣһһҪ⿪ҪƵĺһϸ
˵ѣ˵ʲôһ

ӡ̴򿪣еݽԺ
Ǵõȷλúͽ뷽
ùȻ⸽ǾһɳĮ֮ҪУҪеƣн·ߡ
ˣλƽеˡ
˶óƣе컷һܣٶһλ棬ʱƽ˷ӡɹСٶǿʦˣʫʱƽ⡣ȻԨʥˣѦĸʱ֮УֻҪһܹɵģͻƼˣ
е󷨣򵥣ʵϲѣûƽȵľԼĳǿƿҪܡ
ڵĴõһſʫҲʱ
ǰȰһ䣬ҪɣȻĽ꣬ɲˣͨѡΣҲ޷Ϊõӵܣ
һһ

ǰһ羵ϳǰ
ĴֻҪƽеķӡͻᱻУȻķãڿʼƽӡɣҪ֮ҪѶá
һδ䣬ͻȻһζ
漴һӰһֱ̤˽ȥ
Ѿƽˣ
ܣѻȸ


1883 ̽
⡭
Ρ
ƽƣԸ񣬿϶͵ĵŷСǺͷСһ룬˭ϵԷسƣŪϡֻҪƽ⣬ͻᱻ롭
ʼϲ
ҪݣΣֻóԹŬһȥ
һôһǺܶಽòã
ʫСʱˡһ
Ǹƻ᲻ǻģ
ˣóĶôǻģһƽӡ𣿡

·ͬʱը
λ壬˵¼ٵĶʱһƽ⡭ҪҪô죿
ˣϹԪҲͬʱƤ鶯
Ϊ쿼֮УһһܹģͲˣôûϵðһ̥
ѬǾǱһ̭ģ
ҲͲסʵ
ţϹԪͷһֱûֵ֣ǷСͷСǣָֻ㡭
ƾָ㣬̭ҵİλˡ
첻š
˲֪λ˵ʵһģΪͨεĿˣרǿѵǰ˸һЦлߣڣѶ˶ˡ
ҲԳ֣ƾָ㡭
ҪҪ£һƣ
һλ
ˣܱɣ˵ƾ汾½⿪ķӡ滹ʦϴǿ϶֪˿̳Ѿˡ
ҡҡͷ첻ٶ˵ǿСǺͷСˣɻ
ӳٹʥˣһǵβġɶʱ򣬱ôˣ
һΣǰǶˣ̭һ뿴ǲĳףܿ
֪μ⣿
Сˣͬʱȭ
̭ǵľԵı仯ӵ˸ǿţԴ壬Ҳûôˡ
ܼ򵥣ҽΪѹƵǵͬȻ󡭡һϣʤùң˵ȷӵͬܵе
쵭
ǲླԲǿߣѹΪ۽ͼʶҲţԷ˾죬֮ȶҲûκʤ㡣
ã
һۣͬʱͷ
ǴӦһУϵϢѹȥˣɸһƮ֮У˲ַ
ȶְɣ
վԭز쵥һС
ô˵Ǹ֣˼ĴʥǿߣѹΪҲмռ󱲵Ȼ
ǾͲˡ
С塢Сһ˲佫Լڵߣɱ䡣
̭ͬһ𣬼һǧˣѶսγ˱ܵķӦ֪ǰλѹΪҲǿԿģһ־ûκα

˵Ӱǰһǰһһؿڣһ󱳡
ȷ
˵ٶȣͳֵĹĵ˵ͷ
ѹ̭ôˣԼļûסȷŹ˵ı졣
˵˵˵־ͳ֣û˿ˮĹò֪Ľѧ
ֻҪʤܣ
Ϊ˵ĿĺѱԼκܿԡ
Ҫʩչһ֡һ֮ѣ
̾ϢһӰһΣ˫ƷֿѹҪͬʱ˻ˣ׺ԼĲࡣ
ƲŸշֿûйӿͼٳĶˣͻȻһһңһȭһȭͬʱ
ʲô
ͫһûιȥ
սģʽǲӦ̽Ȼ֮ƵԼ޷
ôռ˺õλãȴͻȻУ
ңͬʱĺ
ߣ
һŭֿ˫͵𣬵סȭͷ·ߣһѵ֪ߵغ񣬾;ؿںͿһҵʹ
æͷŷ֣СǵĽƲ֪ʱؿڣСĽ˿¡

һҺ쵹ɶˤڵϣͬһֻ͸ĴϺ
ǲླǿߣɿ±Ͼ޷ڣʮֱһУûѣͺܲˡ
οǰˣ޷ܣרżʹϮֻúˮֱð
꣡꣡
⣬ָླŻָ˵ǰѹ͵ֹڲԶ
о
ǼٵİɣǴ塭
СǡСͬʱãǻ
ô壬ж޵еĴڣһûסͱߵ״Ϻס
ôôأ
ٵģ
ζһ£һѪ
ġˡ


1884 ͭ
һעغľϾʱͲ֣ͣˣ鷨һž˵裬ǿרŹֻ֣Ϊ˾İ
ΪͺһͨĿˣ޷Ӱ죬ɡһ˸ˣڣ̭˵ǳû뵽ôȻˣ

ð
ĵ
ȻŭȴҲ̲סղŵս
ʹõĲ󷨣ȴϵ覣ûȱݣǲླԲûһС
ǡСָǵ
Ҫ³Ѫʻȥһ̲ס
Ȼ֮ǰûȴҲϣƾԲô似
ǣ
С˵˵ͷ
ʵҲЩµģΪѹΪĴ壬ʮǿû뵽ϷСսһĺСһһ
˵ֻҪڼͬȻ޵У
ǿ֪Щ˭ڸģ
ʵ
ԼģС
֮ǰרѯʹԷҲشˣ˵·ϣижá
Լʡ
̧ͷУЩˡ
ƾԼ򣬾ʹôսɣټ˲ƽϵ󷨣츳֮ǿֱš
ԪᣬǼȿǣȻشãһ£ѡ˭ʦ
ҲͲסתߡ
λѡ˭ʦԼҪ֮ùϵֻҪ䣬һǰ;

֪ѾСǶһ٣˿̵ָʾķ򣬲ͣǰ
˵ʵ͵ϧʵ
˿̵һã϶Ҳסˡ
νˣֻҪչ¶ߵݣõҪĶתߣҲ̫Ķҡ

Ƭ̣ǰһ֣漴һ޴۵ռǰ
ռ䣬ȶһֻصʦ½ĸоҲһЩʥƣУȫëײĴ򿪣̰ա
ǰôһɫ㣬꽨졣
ˡ
֪ӦþǴãһ·ȥû£ͼһâٶ
âûнԣǰͣǸ޴ֱͭ࣬ɵ£漴һɾ޴ͣļѹֹأС
Ҳǿ飿
üëһ
ϵˣͻȻһͭ࣬뽫ƻȥڶп顣
ˣʲô
ҡҡͷٶ룬͵һ̤ڵŽӿ

ͭҲܲסֱ³ȥ
΢΢һЦŷȥ

ãڴһվŮһȫϹԪƵ·
һ֪Ĵ塣
굽ܹٶҪһʱ䣬ô͹ǲЩ̫ļˣ
һ긾Цӯӯ߹
ļҲżʱ
ĿһƤһ̧
ֻ뿴λ᲻ʲôšһ긾˲ٺ˵תͷ㽫ͭʲô
˿ȥȻһˣͷһ޴ͭ࣬ͣתס⡣
ͭ࣬ǰλոƳɹıڼúоʲô
ǶӦ֪ҵѪ츳ⶫרģ
һЦ

긾Цⶫޱȣòˣɣ
Ȼܣ
ѿ죺һͭ࣬ĿȥֻҪϣʮͿԳΪҵĵӣ²
ʮû˯Ѱɡ
Ļȫһ
һͭǿƥϣǶδؿס˵ʥˡ
ˣ
δ䣬ͻȻһâʢ
ƽӡҪˣôô죿
һ
ΪҪһ죬ûϵգ۹ˡ
ôƽӡ϶պͭ
һЦһͷϾ޴ͭյڴ˹ȥһգ۹򣬾ڱ̫
¡
ûɵУһӾ޴죬ɶ
û뵽ͭ໹ûסڣ͵ɻȫëըæת׹ŸеͭϷƺиѹܹġ
æ
弱׹Ҳֲסæ
ɫͬʱˣҴҳգӭӶϡ
ۣۣۣ
ͭһӴȫѪһ޿ɵ͵ѹ
ͨͨ
һȺ½һ׹ڵء
䣡
ͭڵϣȫ棬ټ

Ⱥ˸ձ£һӰͳͭϷ
һһܣüͷ
˵кܶʦӭӵôһû
ҡҡͷεģǰȥ


1885 ͵ķСϣ
дĹҲġ
дãʦӭӣȻлѡ񣬶˸ǰŷֻһͭ࣬ɶûС
Ӧ̫ˣû˷Ӧ
ֹһڼˣֱǰȥܿʧԭء
һãŸǰĿռ䷨Ũˣûעͭ·ˣһ£õҲ󡭡ԣһȺ壬þȫȴûע⵽
ͺȵϣҲܲþȫ̫ѾԶˡ
ಣ
ʧãͭǰãĿһȦüͷͻȻһ
æץȥ˲֪ãͭű
·ʮλ壬·ùڵû˿һɫҰףѪ
⵽ô£
˿ҪҲ̲ס
Щ壬ʦõĳǿߣӦչ¶죬ӭô˶ͭ·һ
ǲǡƽӡˣ
վһҪ޵ı顣
ţӳٹʥ˷С񣡡һ£۾Բ𾪣ǡŪģô£
εĽͣҽͭѰһܹʮˣû뵽һΪ˷ֹ㸲ƴֵҲˣ
һŽͭ߷ɣôˣûס
ЩҪɵôܣˣֻʥ۷塭
ͭǴʥһ̤ϣƿʮλһԷһʥ۷塭Цİɣ
ʥؾûʥǹʥеġ
ҡͷ
ʥޱȣһ磬ϷٶȵĻղŵľٶ֪顣
λǹʥпܣʥصĻ޿ܡ
üԼλСӳٹʥѪңС˿ٰ֤ҪǣҪйʥõ󷨻Զ˯ĹʥҲѣʲôûС
úʦԼһ󲿷ʱʥǳ˯ģһͬ˴ͻᴥѡ
˿̣ˮҲͿ֤ûйʥ롣
ǵĻǰνͣ
˭ҵ˵
֪˵ٶãҵˣȷٲϻֱͭ࣬ǰཨȥ˽
ʱ䲻һӰվڲԶĹ㳡ϣһͷһɻ
ǸղŽķС

Χм䡣
ǡ
۾ãСһǣΪʲôı顣
Ǵãͨˣƽ˷ӡǳ˴㵽˭
Ⱥһλ壬Ҳ̲ס
ãͨˡҿˣСһãˣԿʲôԿ
װûãʲôʵһ֪
飬ʧһ㣬һλЦָһ㣬һ鼮Ͽգҳ򿪣â
ص䡷
̽һ˵ʵΪѪ޷٣˵ǵ겷̹ʥ֮۵ԭдɣӵƳ
ˣ
СǷֹ֣תķԼǿȣ¶Ѫɫ͵ȼҲɼ
ȷӳٹʥѪʥ۷壡
һüͷ𣬸ˡ
ͨص̽飬ǰ˵ݣû˿ٰ
ɡʥ۷壬ܽôˣĺ޻֮һƿӡ˵أָˣ̭һǧˣ
ʵ
ǲ⣬һ̤
ΣδΪѹʥأǴʥһؼ񲻻
С塢СǶͬԿλָߣһΪ̽һ£ƿԷҲûôס
¡
ûСκηӦĻᣬһǳ䣬ӷڣܽΪѹƵ񲻻Ϊܵˣͬе٣ˢˢˡ
Сɫһ䣬ŵû
ļ䣬ֻͣɽ棬˺ߣȻ󡭡͵һλ˵֡ô£
˿̲룬æˡ
ԷǼ񲻻ʵԿģ㣬пܵĳ
ಣ
ûӦ͵ɶһ¿ߡ˰ף˲һ㡣
䣡
Ĺڵϣҳһӡ
⡭ô£
ûӦԼȻٶȣСɫһףҲƿزסһΣˤڵأһƨڵϡ
ֻһʮ׾Ͳˣֱӱ˼ʮﵽߡ˰ס
ôģ
˭
Сֿʼãˡ


1886 ͵ķС£

Ҳȫͫһ
ǿ׿ǰλֻʥصһ֮£ʥһض׷ٶ֮죬š
һлգû̫⡣
ͬСͷСǶ򲻹λָǵˣܹܣ֣³һһ̤ӰΣΣ裬籩ѩ׷ɣһãķСУѲ
ɫأĶžѩ졭˵ͬ𣬾ѹƵʥأֿס
óһʮᣬ似ʮּ򵥣ǰ̫Ŀӣһ۾ͷۻֻ߶ܣû취ֵ
⻰ͬʱͷһüͷƺҲƽķܿ죬ȫεҡͷ
ΪʤԷ򡭡޽⣡
ˢˢֻʥص꿴˹ȥͼͬһã֪Ǻã߻Ǹ䣬ͻȻһʲô͵һ̤ѩ֮С
ѩѩȴûճϣһָ̣ȥ
ѩ˲ͱǣγһ޴ѩ
أ
쵹ɶѪ硣
һ֮䡭ˣ
⡭
ΧĴȫüͷˡ
ΪóǿߣѹΪһս׻ܡһﵽôģ
Է˿ˣƽƽ棬ȴÿһжֱָǣҪҲ
ϾȻ书λС񣬸˭ѧģ
𾪣СҲһĲš
ɽǰ˺ߣȻԹȥѹ͵
ղűͻȻ֣ЩԼ϶ֵסȴͻȻԺжһμ䡣
սɵļ䡣
еʹãһٽһ죬ɻܡ
һãЩ飬μǲҪй
ɻԺһ
ǵŪµġ
ѵǡʥ
һ
м䣬˿ˡ˹ʥûܹ
ǼĹʥ˵λʵ֮ǿڹʥ֮Уŵ۷塣
ȫһĨɱȴû˺ô˵Ϊ񣬼ȻˣܻɶԷõĿģҲûҪ˵ˡ
ʥ£йʥֻʥأ˵ˣҲδš
ԺжԷµļȫСϲٴοǰˣҪ̽Ϊ𣿳ְɣĵĻһҲУ
Щսɣղˣû˿ս̴üһ£׽˶١
һſ˶һۣѹΪˢˢΧ
ʮһڴȫڵϡ
Լ˫֣С񼤶ۿ졣
츳ʵӰټУֻһ㣬οˣͨû뵽õ˹ʥսɣһȺ壬ڵĦ
ֳɾ֮ͣǰ롣
ܼ䣬ôλʥʵ׶ǿ
ʥλ
̲סĵۣѡ
ӰټҲŵ˴ڣȻֵǲģֻ֪Լѧ˶Էļգڽ˶ԷĶ顣
ӽԺһ֮ʦٲˡ
¾


һӰڴûǰȺ֮Уȴûһ˷֣ܵĿռ䣬Ť߸ղϡ
ǽõ
ĿϢѾҲûҪαװˡ
ԣû߶ԶͽķСͷ˳֮ǰ鴩רŸһμ䡣
õ׻ʦУֲ䣬ֲ˺𣬶˵׾١
ںμ䣬սʤˣӵʲôսҲüƽˡ
ֹඥʽĴڣȻ˶ʱսϸ˵ǲ緮С˾ʵսʵ
Ҳ˵ʱڣСܳˣʱƣ˼пܳԽԽǿ
ȻʱѾ̽鵽ʦܣ뿪˵ˡ
ȥ£ǰŴаĽתһȦ۾һߴķǰ
ʥáܵĻӦ
üëһ
ǰģʦûе⽨ʥá
ֻ˿ʦһ˵Ʒ͵롣
Ҫ˵ʲôҪ̽ĻӦֻ
㣬һǰֱ˹ȥ
ˣ
ûǰ͸еһâƺ󷨣̽鵽˿ռİأ֮е
¡
ţһ޴ƣ˺ѿռ䣬ץ˹ûǰռͲͣݣ磬ͬҪѡ


1887 ʥ
û뵽صôãɫһ͵һһȭǰӭϡ
ûͻƵʥ𣬵սȻȵѪž䣬ǰγһ޴޵
䣡
ȭƶζһ¡
ȭͷˣȻ˿ҲǵѪĳǿߡ
Ӳս
ĿѰҿʦץס顱Ĺң鷳սپ򣬱ӰټҵĹʥҪ˳뿪ûôˡ
һǹģ̺ȫϢƿȭͷ˹ȥ
һɲǣռһϸ΢ѺۣƤȻǿȴû˿ɢȥԶʮ⣬ۿ첻йʥǿߣڴս
أ
ȭͷǹƺˣأ͵һܣһ̤˽ȥ
ǰǸĴм䴣ſʦĵǰһɫ׵ıʿһľȻĿ̺ɱ
ղŵĹͷųġ
ǡʦֽ
üס
ΪػõĴø֣û뵽ֻһ仯ɵĽ׻
ⶫ֮ǰȽʥżһΡ
һ֣йʥصսѵǡʦµģ
𾪡
ʦʵŽһϣûȻôǿ
дһ֣ӵйʥصѪԼ·硭дһƬûʲôԵֵ
뷨һð漴ҡҡͷ
ʦֽܺȴҲдд߶鷨⣬мҪ󣬻Ҫ;ѪڵʵҲдླԲ壬
ٶ࣬Ҳˡ
ǿҲֻһ֣
ʶӣָղŵսδ˵ע⣬˿üëҲɣǰһһǹ
£ǹۣγһת
ǹϴ򵥣ʵʩչȴǧ򻯣޴ӷ
Ϊսپû֣ȫľڣɢǿߵǰʦֽͱ±һ̯ī֭ʧǰ
æ̧ͷ漴һ޴ġ塱֣ڵǽϡ
֣ϣûҲû󷨣ʦǰ˼£ܿȥ
ղŵʦֽӦúȽʥżһһֿˣʸ
ڿյģֻһԱߵĲȥǸȣǽǸ
ǡʦƽ
۾һ
ǰĸ񣬵̵ǿʦƽһʼʱߣǰ
۾棬˵·УԽʱͿռſʦ׳һ
ʦ˵еһʥ۴￴ʮͨѧϲ顣
ʱͳδ½ĵλͣƽͻȻ·һ㣬Ϊͻͽһڣͻ߾ءʥأ
ٶȣ˿
Ϊһ·ɳʦ²ͣսнȳڼ䣬ʦѧʦã¡
ев֮Χˣͽڳ²֮ã޷ѣΣ֮£䣬ͻƹʥһƿƷɱˣ˳׸սӡУ޷Ϊ
ӣʦͻƹʥǼ򵥵ʱ䷨򡭡
һ·ǰУһ˼
䣬̺ʱİأҲȥʱ٣ȷ̫ͬ
ȽʥͻƣӦǹʥǿռ䡭֮ǰһֱڲ²⣬ʦʲôڿӦʱ䣬ֲʱ䣡
ż棬ʱɾ͵Ĺʥʵͬǿɺλ֮ʦȣ˲֪١
ɻ󣬼¿ȥ
˸սǼٻ顱Ȼʦץס
⣬΢΢Щ١
ĿģΪҵû뵽֪𰸡
æ¿ȥϵţʦš顱뿪ʦ½ĵλãʦܲһƫƧڡ
ЩߣҲϡĽͳС
顱Ҳ֪Ǳɱˣʲôûټʦƺˣͣԭ
һŽһСڣµĲӦþӰټڵ龳
һ
龳ѵ
һʯǳ龳ٴοʦ顱ȥĻڣϸƬ̣Ƥһ
طȻʶ
ġ


1888 ټʥ
ѵӰټڵ龳ǿʦģ
һ
Ӱټң뿪ʦ½ڿʦСڣ֮ǰ֪ƿӡ󣬲δ֣ǰĸףƺˡ
С磬بŴڣǿʦɡ
ʦļأʧѵͽϲʲôϵ
ǰȥ
ǸӾ޴ķ䣬ǽǱڻдӰټǿߣСӿֳ޴׵ǿߡ
ͲµһѿȷһλʥģӳٹʥһλˣĸĽ˽Ч²궼ܴﵽʦ硣
츳ߣٶҲ졣
ڻ꣬ɻˡ
ûпʦʧٺκμأǳ׵ˣûκϢ
価ͷתһᣬΡ
δָ
뿪ãȥͻȻһΣڲź棬ͬʱΧóʮӡɲǼ䣬Ӱʧԭأδֹһ㡣

ղغãŲ𣬼Ӱ˽
͸ţĿȥ
Ϊ׵ľȻˣʥ
ļˣҲʶΧ˳ӹʵЩ
ڵʵ϶ԿռֻҪͷϢߺͱ˹ͨЩʥֲˡ
ڵ״̬ƺ̫á
֮ǰĲͬڿ⼸λÿһϢ죬Źʥɿϣڣһ˥ܣòһʱ֮С
ָо֮ǰźЩƣ·ߵ˾ͷ
ô£
֡
Χ˳ӹʣȻսңˣɶ̫أ㹻ʱ䣬ɻָ̫ô̶̼²ȫ⸱ģˣ
ʥһ˥ϣҲнľʱ
ȿȣ
֣ԵʥѪ
࡭
һλʥǵǵĿ
ŵס
ҡҡͷǿѹסϵƣʥתͷ֮󣬾Ϳʼɣ
ȷҪô
ţֻӰټҵʹҲΡ
ҡҡͷʥޱϲٶ˵ǰʦĵ񣬽мݡ
ʥʦԨʥʮ࣬عѵ㡾ְأδһиڿѾﵽ汲ڶഫеٽ㣬ҵԸΪ֮ʦϲԵõϢӺˣ
ڵϣ̬
ʦûκʶһɰ
꣬վʥһЩȥɣ
ţ
ж¶֮⣬ȴû˵ʲôͬʱת
ٽ㣿
뿪ȥΧĽƣһͷˮ
ЩʥӦó˯ô˵Щϵƣô£
֮ǰ˵ڿ޸ѵ޸Ҳˣ
֣ں˳ȥ
ǹϢ
һǹٴαȫ֣գۼСһ㣬ްϢй¶Ѫ۷ǿߣ޷
ڵսܿȵѪϾûͻƵʥƿϣЩвάֲླԲ˷ֵҲˣȺ½۷ǿߣױ̽鵽
ǹѪֻһͻƵգսʥҪǿ٣æԷҲû취֪
뿪ʥ֮󣬿ʥˣֱշȥ˺ѿռ䣬
˲֪Զһ̨
ϷտҲʲôûС
Ŀռ䡭Ժÿ죡
Ϸü
ۿǰʮְԿռﵽĵز׸ܵǰƬգͣ仯ʱܲסݡ
ؼǣռ䱳󣬸һëȻ֮Уһꡣ
ʼɣ
վ÷λʥ
˵˵ͷͬʱҧʩչԶһ󼲷ХӰֱ˹
ʱ˹ͣ£ˢˢȥҲתͷ

Ӱ¡
ǸŮ޳ںڵ㷢Ʈ䣬һƮ֮Уʮģһ˫ĿдŽ
Ǹʮ꣬һ£պʶλȽʥżᴫĸӰټǿߣѦ
ôˣ
Ƕˣʥɫһ
Ϊʦˣôܲ
ǰһŮдŲݾܾζ
ʦˣ
һ㶣ѵλ˵еġʫ


1889 ջصʬ
ʫ֣ö˵ˣӰټǿΪ츳ﵽ˵˿
һΪؾǶԷ֪ûκιϵ
֮ǰֻ˿վǰ鲻Խϸȥ
Ȼʹ˵еһò覣ϻһֶصʣ飬˿һۣ԰Ρ
Դζţ׽ӽǰλŷԸʣֻһ棬ͿΪ֮ͷ­Ѫ
ʦ²˵վԭأ鲻Խ˵ע⣬˷ɢ񡭡λʫȻֶصʣӦǿʦѪԵʡ
ͷ
ǿʦĺˣһۿȥͷͬѰ
ΪλʫԼһͬΪླԲδͻƵʥ𣬵һֳ֮УսԼ¶˿
һ·ǵһμͬԼЩµǿߡ
Ȼ֪ΪʦˣӦףϵΣǿ㡭Уʥҡͷ
ʦˣη
ʫĿдżᶨӵпʦѪȶʣͲҪˣ
˾ʥ̾Ϣһʫ㻹ᣬԺҪߵ·ܳѾнľ²˵
УͻȻ֡
񱼵գ۾ͽʫڣ̶ԭأһܶ
ʥ
û뵽ʫżˮʶ¡
ΪʥתͷһѦĿдտκˣ
ǣѦͷ
˿ʥһܣʼɣ
滰һɾȻǿϢӿʥϸ̨գ۹γһ޴Ĺ
ԭգۼ䣬һ޴ѺۣǿƺҪѷУӿ硣
ǡɱ¾֮
ܵһ̲סһ㶣漴üë𣺡ԣɱ¾֮ӳأˮһյĻѳܸɡ
ɫһ
ѷصɱ¾֮ЩƣӹŹ֣Ϊա
ˮһ㣬ˮܿԳܣˮͲˣͬҺ壬˵תܲŸսȥͻᱻű
ˮһϢѷĺ棬ʱӶ
ԤһӰټҵߣŪöᱬ壬
ô£
ǺȻ
оȻֹŹֵҿӣʱӡסӿ
ס
̨֣мʥ建ͷڿĴ£ɢۻͣտӿ׵ԽԽ࣬ѹҲԽԽأ·ջܲס׹
ܵʥҲһݷףͷ׵ĸˡ
ȼ
ɫء
ѹִϴμЩˣڣ£ȴϵԭάǰķӡ
ԽԽܼʥָ⣬Ѫ˹ȥţڵĲ񷣬һ޴Ĺײģ֡
ײģܵѺ۱˲٣ʱ㸲µˮҲЩɵη壬û֮ǰѹȸС
ײġ
ɻ
гֹײģ˲⣬˵ײĵģ֮ǰʱʢȽʥʬǾߣһģһ
ԣײǷӡģ
𾪹漴Ȼ
ǰײģǼ򵥵ʢʬ壬ǿзӡģѹˮŲڴѹȶ
ʢһλȽʥǿʥ
һ뷨ð˳
ܵס˳ص٣ӡǿӹɣΪģȻӲ
֮ǰȽʥʬ嵱ģǿߵƽⲻǰӡǿʬָöǿ
֨ѽ
𺳣еĹײģһҵĺѿһ϶

ѷ죬ʥͷָѪͣһѪֱӿײĵķ϶֮С
ʧѪ࣬ɫ÷ף鲻ԽĲͷϵİ׷࣬ƤҲɳڣ˲ʮꡣ
䣡
ѪҺӿԽԽ࣬ײϵķ϶ȻԽԽһߴʬ壬չ¶˵ǰ
ͲµһײУȻʢһλʥʬ壬ۣò꣬Ȼ˯ڷӡУ꣬ȴ͸ոһƤǵԣû˿ࡣ
ѵǡ
ϸλʥʬ壬Ժ̱ĳһ˵֣һԨʥջأ


1890 ʫʵ
ȻûԨʥĵ񣬵λǧŵĹʥһ֪
Ϊʦĵһ״ʵܲȽʥУޣʦϵУԼ½ְҵȷϣ˾壬˲Ϊ֮
ǰ⸱ʬ壬ûȽʥʬô񣬴ŷȴǴһɰٴά󷨣ǿˮ˿Ӳ
ʦ״ʮͣģֻλʦ֣
ټϸղʥѪҺӣͣʬ壬ò£Ҳף˭ˡ
Ԩʥʬ壬Ƚʥʬ塭
䡣
λʥ쳹أΪʦ뿪˴½벻ʬ嶼δ뿪
׼
𾪣еʥһȣǴѿѪѪܱŽɿײеʬӿ˹ȥ
ѪҺʬøʱˣҲøǿ֮ǰЩζķӡЩļӳ£Խȹ̡
ʥԨʥĺˣӵѪУάֹʥ÷ӡɢ
׹
ѹλʥڿ˵Ҫ
棬ú󱲵Ѫٴȹ̡
ڿʫӵпʦѪӦöԨʥʬ壬ҲмѵЧʥǿ
Ȼȶˡ
ѪҺ䣬ӡƽȣʱѹϢ˥ʥ˿
ʱѪҺѾĵĲ࣬Щֲסʱӿеȥʧȥ
ĿʫһĻˮͣҡͷȴá
ѦҲȭͷ
¡¡
ڴʱͻ
ۼѪ£ԨʥʬԽԽǿϾҪӡ׹̣ͻȻһ޴ƣѷ˳
һĻ͵ʼϲԣ齵Щơ

ƣڿһڸԨʥʬѪʥ⵽ػҲܲסֱӿеȥˤڵϡ
ۣۣۣ
ܰʥҲͬʱѪ磬һˤڵء
ǿߡ
ɫһ
Ƶˣʵ֮ǰ֮λƺҪǿ
ûм̳ٻſռҪ
ѵӡǱߵ磬Ҫǰġϲԣ
ɻ֮Уе䣬ոռӹ̵ķӡĳ£ҡҡ׹ƺ֮ǰӲˡ
쵲ס
û뵽ϾҪ󹦸ɣͻȻðһƣʥٹ˲ϻָ˻УٴгȥͬʱһһŴ־¡
֪Ҫάַӡ뽫ն䣬նɱ
Ȼû취
ߣ
ܵɱ⣬Ƶˣָſһ
ĵâͱָ⣬һץߴĶߣûа취
һϣ
ʥҲϾ˲϶˵ˢˢ
λʥͬʱ֣֮ǰͲȹ̵أٴγһѺۣɫĻ棬ӿ䣬գ۹򣬸̨˼
ѦſңȻҶҪ
岻ͣʫ͵ؿǰꡣ
ҡ
ѦɫЩŤг
㣬ȻĻҵһ
ɣʫɫ졣
ã
֪龰Σͷţһʥȫ䣬ӡټֲס龳ȷ˸ָȥ
ѦΪֻǲླԲӡʥͬͬԴӡ
ܿ죬â˸ڿʫܵʧӰ١
ߣ
һȣʫü͵ǼѪգ۹ǿϢӿ
һΣУһͻأֱ֣ƴ˹ȥ
ǿ
һĻ۾
ͲµһλʫͲΪҲߣսȴɷϵǿ
ԼȻ޼ҲȵѪ
ȻҲʮǹֻǿӣ䷢ӳȵѪ۷ǿս

ϣ𻨡
ʫ٣ն䡣
֪
Ƶˣ½СආҲҶ֣ŭָ֮һ
أ
ʫУɶˤڵϣѪ
պ͵ѪͬΪʥɲʵ̫ˣ֣λ顱Ķ֣ͿԿ
ͬն
˻
һָɿʫʥ޷ǰ͵һץһ˺ѵ𣬱Ͳȹ̵Ŀѷøһ̽˳ðһ޴ͷ­
˺͵ġ顱һһ磬Ӳ


1891 һԳɹ
¡
ͷ֣ˮŨˣæȫëףһ˿
Щˮɱ¾֮ͬһ壬ӿڣȫᱻ˺ѣΪΣա
ɱ
û뵽û赲סλ顱ͷ­˹ʥȫɫѿͬʱţǰ
𣬷ӡͣζռҲһ飬顱ָס˵Ĺһֻ֣ѷܿ죬¶˳
ԸΧͬʱ
ƾһ㣬λȷҪ֮ǰһļһǿ١
ȥ赲ס
˼ٽڵĵĿҪʫҧ촽ЩѪ˿ͻȻüһ쳹̨ʥȱæþȫԨʥʬ
⡭
ʥһ
û취ˣԥĻǶ
ûжʫǳ⡣
һǰλѷ˻ᱻնɱ˵ӰټҶпѣ޻ء
Ϊ֮ƣֻƴ¡
ɡǿʦУΨһѪȳˡġ
ʥҧ
֪Է뷨п
ʹˣǰλǿʦѪǧһλҳ׽٣ûͻƣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬пܳվ磬ҪζԵڣ
һȫѪپá
ʫһѪ
䣡
Ѫ֣ڿȼܵĿռ䡢ʱǱסҪġ顱Ҳͣû
һ±˰ͣ
³Ѫʫɫ԰˲٣ͷһ亹Զʯףһǳ⣺

ײƺƵĺζһ£Ƭ̹ǰ
⡭ʦڣ
һ㶡
ʫѪѪһֱ²⣬ʦ˻кû뵽Ȼǡʦͻʦڡ
᲻̫Щ
żҵʱҵĿռǿ󵽼ޣʦڡôϿʦ˵ݡ
ԣ
֣䶯͵һ
ⲻʦڣǡ
ʦڣҪ֪ʶõϿɣ鲻Խʦ֮ģܹһЩƷָӣҲҪԷ顣
Ҳ˵Ҫʦڣԣܹң˵ĹҪʺ϶ԷףȴʮϿ
ΪҪʦڣһԷľԼڶڵĹкܴȱһɡ
˿̵ĿʫսΪȴֻвླԲľѾͻƵ˹ʥ𣬿ɡʯûģԨʥʬ壬Ҳûκʶ֮£ֻܹһֿܣ
ǡԳ棡
ͣд˺Ȼ
Գ棬˵ĻԶγɷ˲أ濴ʦЩƣʵϿֲĶࡣ
һԳɹ桭ʲôʱ䷨򡢿ռ䷨ͳͳʲô
ԤתżѪ֮սǰλҪֻ֣Ҫ˵һ䡰Լͻͣԭأ޷
ⲻǿʱ䣬Ҳǿƿռ䣬ǿˣվԭأһµĹ
£
û뵽ʦͻƹʥľȻѹ޵Уŵһ
¡
𾪣ɵǰʯףٴδ򿪣Ԩʥʬ壬˳ն
˫۽գɢ˿Ϣ縴һ㡣
ۣ
ЩʫٴһѪݱøӲҰףζ˼£ƺЩֲס
ʦѪܹԳ棬Ϊ̫ˣǿжԨʥʬ壬˵˸

ʫȻ֣ʥٶ˵һ͵ݡ
¡
һգ۹弤ѪֱԨʥʬ壬ӿ˹ȥ
ѪҺӿԽԽ࣬ʥʬɢϢԽԽǿ
Ϊһʬ壬ʤ𣿱ˡ
ѷġ顱һЦ͵˹
ʱѾ¶ؿڣӣ볹ѾҪ̫ʱˡ
ֱԨʥû£ܵĿռһͬһڶ
ƴˣ
һʣµļλʥֱӳӭơ

ѹ˳ӿλʥûӦͱһ߾߹Ǽܣĸɸɾ
ˣҲû˿סУ¡


1892 ˣ
أ
ˤڵϣʥҳһӡ
Ϊﵽ𣬱ɹǼҲǱǳ˯˲֪ǿߣϴΧӹʣû׻ָپû㹻ʥ֮᳹׺ľɡ
Ҳ˵赲ǰλ飡
Ӱټҵˣ
սȥ˿ܶ˿
ȻӰټңƣֹβ죬
ЩʥķΪ壬Ϊ˴壬ΪԼ
͵źһֵþ塣
תϢĳȥλġ顱һԶĿʫٴѪ
ռȹ̣ˣ
¡
Ļѷգ˲俪ʼϣҵĿռȹ
顱Ѿ¶֫˿̾Ȼһ仰£ٺˣ»ص˼λá
ֻǣΪͶԷʵ̫ˣܶѪһݡ
ȻѪ̫ˣܵõȻΪ״㹻Դ
˵뿪磬顱δη壬Ǽ˷ܵ˫ͷųâ
ڴʱ縴Ԩʥʬ壬㹻ĺ˾Ѫ󣬻ɳʯףȭͷǰ
¡
һȭûκλڣȴ޷ܵȻҲﵽյľ硣
٣
顱δ£Цһ˫һϡ
˻
ʬάֵ󷨣գ۹˺ѣˮ¡
ʥҲˤڵϣ类ɽѹżһ޷
ҲòȥʫΪѪܼ֣ѦȴɫһףѪû֣ͿҪˡ
֮УȻҲѹȴأڼʵǿǰȫëףܵС
꣡꣡꣡
顱Ԩʥʬߡ˴Σӡ飬ټʥѪĴʥҲԽ෴ˮ̨ǰˮøǿ
ʱ䲻¡һʥʬ壬ٴαʯף޷
Ѫȼա
۾Ѫ죬ʫȣѪȼûǰЦʡʡɣץȥҲûˡ
һ䡣
ۣ
˻Σʫֱӿ׹䡣
ǿסΣգѦס

Ԩʥʬ壬ʫ䣬顱ٴδЦһΣѷ˳ڿС
ղзӡ赲ѣڷӡ˺ѣΪĵԨʥʬ壬ٴλصʯףѾûκζԶˡ
Һܺ棬ʲôĵطܹǿߣۿȻʮʧ
һһܣ顱һЦһʫץ˹ȥ
Ѧҧ˹ûǰͱһָɣͬˤڵϣȫǼܣȻѡ
߰ɣ

ʫζѲˡ

ʦλǧڣΨһһѪˡĺ󱲣ץߣȫҧ顣
ʵãûκΰ취
ʦ龳ѵҪҵ治ģ
ʥͣ
ʦûƽˣƽˣΪ彫ԽԽǿϻԻͣô벻ΪǿӰټңȴ˱ʣʱḲ
ǰûֱʣӡά£϶޷Խݵϣڣݱϡӡ˺١ĹҲˡ
Ҫλ⡭᲻ı֣
ͻȻԺðһӰλʦ
һͲȴÿһζܴ漣
֪Ϣͨ룬Ҳһλ顱Ƴݣ壬Ǳɱ
Ҫڴˣ᲻ҲܽλɱӰټһνѣ
⣬ңĹϵ졭
뷨һţ漴εҡͷ
Ȳ˵޷ܹҲδػְ
ȻΪ˸ˣΪ壬ɼִټӰټҵˣԳݸ߹λʦϵûôơ
ˣƴҲҪ¿ʫ
֪˿ЩôǿлʥľһѪˣͼ̨һ࣬һâֱȥ
ͬƵ̵Ľˮӿֱϣ磬̶ֱͶԡ顱ʺ˹ȥ
⡭
Ȼ֪ʱһλǿߣһѤʥһæȥ漴һӰøϵ̵ĿʦӳͫУԶ޷ȥ
ǡ
ˣ


1893 轣
Ϊαɣôûϵλǲͻأ֣û˿ɵĳȥ
ſѤһǹ㾡һʩչʥȻɫǰʦΪ壬˽˶ԹʲôС֮ˣ
λΪ壬ԸϧթǱ壬֮ƽƾ㣬֪֮ߣʦֺ
˸֮ˣǰľ棬ôܼȣ
ʥʫ𾪵˵޷һǹǿһֻ֮Уһɲǣϵʹƺʲôˣƺȫ񣬶ʧһǹ֮У޷԰Ρ
ڿеġ顱ƺҲˣû뵽ﻹһλǿߣ˿֮£һǹȻʺǰ
꣡
Ѫ쮷ɣǹƤ˽ȥ뻹һָ͸оǴϣ޷ǰֺ
û뵽ϡĵطȻܵǿߣ㣬ҲҪˡ
âһ顱һЦʺǰĳǹץ˹ȥ
ǹһںڵǹ̻һɫľ˲佫顱ȫڡ
û뵽ǹǿ󣬡顱һ£漴Ǳŭ
ϲԵǿߣȻ½һСסֱܴ裺
˫ȫ㽫飬ǰһڣһ޴İשӿе
أ
ԴƳɴʥһ£չʥ֮ȻͻƵʥ𣬾ܾղ֪˶٣ǿأϼӲĲʣ㡰顱ףԴҲĿѣûιȥ
ȻҪǣ裡
ϲԵĳǿߣһðשǿҵƣҪըˡ
뷢쭣ש𣺡ǰҲǰש¯ϵҵƨɣ
˵꣬ƨϲ˼¡
ʫȫˡ
λǿߣô˼һ
ҡһ˵¯ëߵ¯Ǹ͵İשĵˣ
ѵۻˣ

ܵԷƨϲͣҲ䣬ƺú۾顱׷ˣ
䣡
ǿϢϵǹҲܲסĵ˳ȥٴλһǹġ
ˣ
һȭڽԴϡ
ҵƨɡһУԴֱշȥͣתƺһ㡣
ǶҪ
һƨɣ顱ƤٴζҲͲס͵ǰ˹ȥ
һΣżѪһ£׵ľ룬ǹһٴƿն
ʱ⣿
λ˲һĶ顱ߣ뽫һסٴΡ𣬼æ̧ͷͫ鲻Խ
֪ʱ춼Ǳ󵶡ǹһһټ֮ࡣ

۾һͷ
Ϊ˵ң
顱Ц
ֻһۣȴѾһѱȫǴʥһʥĶûУּı˵ϣƤ̲ơ
ûָ㡭
Ӧһ
ЩɱǿߣԼڿеõģܶ࣬ͨʥò󣬸˵ǿˡ
ûָ
顱һ㶣˵ٴθеٴһæͷͿղŵĳǹ֪ʱֱ˺ĽʵʵҪ߶
㡭
ҧĿҪը
˰죬ı깥ֻ۷
סԼΣ
ֻҪþȫܿѣּܼΣ
Ǹ˶شΪԼǿסÿһѾͻһˣ۹ԿһԳܲΣ
þǹٴ˦ͼǰ꣬͵صͷʫǰɣһ£

ʫһ㶣֪龰ΣҲûԥһ

ĵĽ˹ȥ
ǿ׼Ҵеıûп׼Ѫ޷ʹãҿԽһѪ㡭
ץ𳤽Ҫʹãʫһҧٵ
һλȱƶɣȻﵽ˵Ѫ۷徳磬ֻһ֮Ѫ޷Ҳ˽ӽ꣬ƽһ޷ȫ
ǰλʹãֻܽԼѪҺ
ˡ
ҡҡͷһ
ˣ
һ죬һ̣ԹͬȦļȮ
ˣʫԺ£


1894 
ڵսﵽ˵Ѫ磬ǹǿǿߣһѪ۷ĳ׾١
վ𣬶ǰסġ顱ͺݺȥ

һ죬ͷϻĽͷƤһ㡣
顱۾͸졣
ʫһõġ
ýΪңնǵһٺõıȥҲϰɡ

һڣʩչϰٽȫͬһط顱ͷǶĳѺۣƺԽ
䣡
ץ񣬡顱ȫٴ𶯣ǹٴα֣שݺϣһ¶׼˿ڣҵѪ
Ҳ١
顱ˡ
һսʽֱ¼ûеߣ
ǶǸ֣ʥ۷ǿߣսӦЩ
һȭҴһ棬Ӣ𳤽ǹשĵģ
ɱǡ
Ҫ֣λֽ꣬ѪӵĺԶ顱Ҳ̲סתͷʥˣɱڡ
ʫŲɱʣЩȫɱ˵
͵´û£һǹ͵סȥ·УһЦָһơ
б£ɱ˵ɣ

˹еı޾һ㡣
ãҾɱ㡭Ŀһ顱һ̤͵س˹ȥ
ٶȲ죬ÿһӿܵվͿʼѣڸϷ߹ĵط޷ߡ
ƾٶȣ׷ֻҪ˿ռ䣬߿϶ҲӲ
ݣ
һֱӽռ飬һ飬ͷʥˣץʱָȽɱ˵
˵꣬һԶȥ
ߣ顱ץʫת͵Ϯ¯ǹһԵӹżӳʬ壬ͬʱԱ
һΣ顱Ҳ̲еŭ⣬ٳ˹
һﲻὫŪ裬һˮɱˡ
䣡
һ׷һӣʱʱ֣龳ڲͣζ

أ
һλ嵹˳ȥСվԭأһܣ¶˭Ҫʵ𣿡
ڴȴģвٴûһλôǿȫ˹һѹΪ֮սȴķ֣ûܹסһУ
ؼǣλС񣬾ϵսƺʲôԽԽǿͬȻûܹˡ
һ𣬶Ƕ֡
ˣͬ޵еġЦһҡͷ
սֵزѾûκ塣
ǡҸѡ˭ҵʦ
С񻷹ˡ
Ȼô嶼ˣϾֻǸҪʦ·
ˣ
Ҳ䡭
ȫͷһΡ
ôǿѧ˭Ϊ״ɡ򶼴򲻹ɶȥ˼ң
СֻҪ˭˭ɬϰ죬û˿ڣѻȸ
ʵѾһλʦ֪ܲܰ
˲ҴӦСһ㣬΢΢һЦ
֪ˣ
˵ѾҪʦѡ쿴˹
һλʦҲ
С
ŵģһ㶡
ãӰټҵĺˣʲô
֪һġһ£ϹԪͻȻǰ
龳ã֪˲࣬ʦ½Ǽ
ţͷСˢˢ
Ӱټҵˣʦ½һλʦżҵļҴ֮ûɹǰϣϹԪ

۾
ӰټȥҴȴܴɣ£Ϊõ۷ʦȻ֪һЩû뵽λ
㡭ô֪֣ǰꡣ
ûһȴһ˵ò˻ɡ
ҡСһ
ΪλǴõĹʥû뵽ȻӰټҵˣ
ѹҪԼ壬
δ뿪ȴ֪֣ѵλ龳ˣ
üëһһ뷨ð˳
ǰλͻȻô˵֣ΪླԲǿߣ׾뵽λʦ½ʦǲѾ

С֪λش𣬾һХ𣬽ʵգʼͣ
ˢˢ̧ͷ漴ӰͣսÿһײվͳһʮѺۣ綼ܲס
㵽˭Ҳɱ֮һͷѪļһҧ
үү
ǰٺһЦ

˴ˡ


1895 еܵ
СǼ
ΪλֻһλʥǹʥӦҲ̫ǿȻҲԼˣۿ֪˿£
һһضסͬ׳˹֮⡣
أ
˽֣һѺۣóܲסʱбӲ
֮ǰеıԣ
˿ĭ쿴ϹԪᡣ
ðҵˣȡģȷɡϹԪͷҲŵòͣ¡
żû
ɶʱǿˣ
ҪǵԵʱ򣬾ô˵һָܱʵӰټҵ棬ʥҲûаɣ
˻
𾪣սĶˣѾ˺˴õĿռ䣬ʧԭء
һ̣ɽǰ
òͨѡε࿼ڷƽӡˢˢ̧ͷ漴һĻ
֣ȫ̺磬һ·սÿһ£նͣζ𣬵ȵֳֳ꣬ǹƮݣǿһѪŭĿҪը
ǡʥ
Ҳֻйʥôǿսɣ
ʥΪʲôҪսҿӲݣ
Ͳ֪ˡ
һȻ
ȭͷ鲻ԽһĽ
ߣˣ
ֻҪһڣӿʼɱʼ˭ԽԽǿ
ǰս˫ġ
˵۷塣
Ҫ˺ʦ
ʱȣǻӰȥ
øӾˡ
ѪļһΧ˿·磬й󣬸ոճŮͬʱӿ׹䡣
ǲǶ֣Ҫˣ˽Ϊʦͺá
ֳֳǹ꣬һЦһ
ռѷ죬ʧ
ߡ
ļһＱæ׷ȥ
ҪڿѺۣġ

˵ǿǸ֣
ʯҴ峤ǰĴ廨㣬ҡҡͷôܣǸֵĻûôò⳥ʧ
ǰλ廨ɵһһ˵֮ǰļ˿ʥǿߡ
ȫ⻰ûһŵġ
ʥǿôŪ⳥ģʥǿߣޱϣǰǵģ
ּˣһ΢պգָʹɷ۾Դ棬ͨϰ˵˺Ͱ˵ʥǿߡ治ţ
ģۿǲκζУٶȼ졭
һ
ΪʲôûԼأ
Ǽˣһ˲ʧǰ龰ͣԺ֣š
֪ʥǿߣͲװƣǺúˡ
֪۸ڶʥֻ֮УЩˣûġ峤ҡͷο䣬䲻Ҫ룬һ
ˢˢ̧ͷ漴Ӱ磬Ͽա
˫սÿһһʽ˺ѣ¶ڵĺۼ
Ǹ겻ǡ
Ȼ
Ƕ˳ֳֳǹսģ֮ǰӴλ
ղŴ廨˵ǿǸ֣ʥǿߣòţڿʥ򣬴ʥɣ
ǹʥǿߣ峤ɡ
Ȼֻͨûʸ񣬵ǿߵĵȼֲ֪һЩġ
ʥûǿƣսĶˣǹʥңǿĹʥ
һʥͬޱϣҲ̣
ۿһ죬廨˳
һҪߵĹõؾɽڸǰȴ۲ʶöԷǲҪֺԼ
ģڴϲʥ˭ϰ
һ˲䣬ĺڡ

ͬһ죬Ӱټˣ˿нս˫סǿӰӡԺ
󣬶ŲĴ˵
ôû˵ĵطҲ
龳𺳣Щü
һ·ߣǹ⵽԰ڣǡҸû˵ĵطоͬʱʩչӰټҵ磬ʵ̫ӵˣûĵط
ֶΣû취˿ġ
ֻһ·սһ·ˡ
֪˶ãһտɽǰ
ҵˡ۾һ
򲻸ˣҵտ֮ˣһתһ죬ܵĿռȫϢй¶
Ǿɡ
һﲻߣǲ󷨣顱һ£漴
һ·׷ϣѾȷ˶ԷʵǶֻ֣Ҫߣȫնɱ
Եһ£һиܵܣҲս
˵꣬һΡ

һһģһӰǰ


1896 ٴնɱ
ܵܣ
ǰͻأһģһòһģһϢ顱һ£ķ÷ͱʵ£ǲɶõı̫ˣҲˣ
ϲҲƷ󲿷ֶǿܣζ
ǰͱһģһжصԣ˵Ʒıϲԣ⣬ֱõƳķڶһҲõΣˣ
۾죬˫
ӽ쿪ʼҵˡ
¡
ӿϯûǰǰ鲻Խһ
֪ʱѾǰһϣңΪ˭
㡭
һ飬顱˵ָеǰһڣԷڶҲ˹
أ
˵ɶ
ⲻܡ
ڿУ顱衣
Ǳģǲš
˵ķǱȱǶ֣һķôȱǿôࣿ
û
ûʲôܵģǸȵҡ
Цһٴγ˹һ߳
һֱѹΪڶֻǲླԲһҪѹƣһǰͽʥ֮ͻƵ˹ʥ磬ʵʵĵѪ
ͬʵǶ֣󼶱𣬸ûɱˣҲֳֻǹ֮սһ
ã㣬ҷҲǿ󡭡
˼ţ顱δԽԽ˷ܣһУ͵س˹ȥʩչУװƵķնɱǰٴһڣһ鼮ƿնһڵİƳ˹ݺϡ
ž
ֻһ£ԭתȭһѪ
ʲô
顱Ҫˡ
һﵽ׶ʲôĵƣשŪһ顭
ؼⱾصܵˣ˿

ڷ£һֳǹֳֽٴγ˹һ˲䣬ǹâ纣
ͬʱˢˢΧ
أ
ʮ顱Ͼ˲ƣλѣȫÿһõĵط

顱еˡ
Ϊѷõĺôζû뵽ʱ
һʹЩټʵ£ǿģȫû취
ӿһֻţУߣשٴδ
һһֱϣʱһ
أ
Դһ̣ǹͳͬʱ͸ţһȭͷԴұһࡣ
ͨ
ʵĴӿ׹䣬顱Ͼ
½磬ᣬʧȥ
ǿߵѪʬǺö
նɱ˿һץͽʬ壬ս۵ռ䡣
λʵʵǿߣʬѪͻƹʥżİ
÷ͺҲ۵ռ䣬һΣ̨ķȥ

̨
ãʥվԶѿĿռ䣬ŵ֮ɫ
ʥλ˵ʦ
ʫ˹
תѪɫ԰ףܹУȴҲþȫ
ţʥͷ
Ȼ¶֮⣬ʫͷ
Ѫǿ󣬴Сû˱ȵϣΪʥ֮£޿ɷϵǿû뵽λʤһ
֮ǰ˵Է֮ģͻƹʥȥһᣬսһڿȻˡ
ķѪ޷ֹ顱벽Էȴ֮սߣƾ㣬ͱǿ
ȻǿλϲԵȣǲһЩ¡Σգһλʥдŵǡ
ѾĳһǼܣʱûйʥָ֮ò˶ãͬľɢ
ڵ״Ȳˣ󷨶ȶ
ʥҲ֪㣬ЦſС
顱ˣΣսԨʥʬάֵķӡѾƿˮͣ㽫£龳ߣ¶ᱻ龭Ӷ
Ѿغˡ
ǱĬģûô죬֮Ȼɱλ飬Ȼò˰죬龳ͻᱻȾ
ʫ
ˮֻҪգʱڲ£ͷ顱ɱˣӰټû˵סΣո
ǰƴҲҪˡ
ͬʱҧ밴տռѿķȥ׷ͼһ꣬Ʈݵķ˹
һ£һȾǴ΢ЦûаˣȥսǶȼˡ
ֻ˭
㡭û£ѵ鱻ɱˣ
ȫ˵


1897 ޸
Ȼû£
һЦ
·ϣ˳ˮϴһ£·ղսûˣȴҲ˲ٺܲ
һֱһϲɾˡ
ϰ죬˲鱻ǰλɱʵٴοԷ˾η
ɱôǿˣûˣпϴ軻·Ҳ̫ǿ˲ɣ
ʦ֪⣬ж֮ɷ鷳ǽӡ޲һ£
𾪹ʥΡ
ƾǵʵ޲󷨣ǰλпɡ
ֻԷһˣҺǹϵûôһְæ鷳˵Ҫ£ǲ˼
ãǿ󷨵ͼ޸ķʵ
󷨣ҲǵһμԨʥʬΪģӡһͨӳ̶ȣԶ֮ǰκһ
ͼҪóҲûôס
С̺ͼĽṹ޸ıʼǣ
ʥһƵ˹
ֽӹɨ̽ӡԺ
ܿ죬Ͷָơ
󷨽Сײ󡿣˵ǿʦԴģ±Ŀռͨһɹǿߣƿ
ѧ󷨣Ȼ޸ѵѧϰϣ츳Ҳһһѧͻᣬһ;
Ҫͼʫǡ
ӵпʦѪκθְҵ似һѧͻᣬһ;Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
ǰλûӴͼȴһڴӦòԼӵͬ츳ɣ
츳˸ӵͼҲҪѧϰ죬ü𣿡
ˮϢͣ¹䣬ʫЩġ
ԷȻʦԼһӵֱ죬֣ͼʵ̫ˣӿʼѧѧᣬʱ䣬ԷԼ࡭¿һһ뿴꣬Ҳ
ˮˮӿֻǽ̨ûһ龳ٻᱻû֮һʱũﶼҲᷢ䣬Ӱټҵ᳹׻ٻ
ʱ򣬾ܹӡҲûˣ
οֻѧܷ꣬ܲӡδ֪
ǵǵĿͼʱѾ黹ƣٴθֳŵЦݣˣҶѾգλ˺󣡡
ʫգ۾
ˣ
ǲŵ֮УԷʼˣָſȫ޴ĺӿȥһ߲ʵĺţվںŵģе
ϣָЩţһλħʦ춯˵˿һۣһ£ͲĳС
ǡ֮
ʫ
˵ۺְҵּɣֻҪﵽĵز֮λſͼڻͨѧϰϣʩչּɡ
ѵԼȶԷôࣿ
ӵпʦѪ
ǲʣȥͼеָԽԽ죬ܿ˻Ӱ̸ڣĲ裬ͣ趯
ô죬Ͳ³
䡣
˸ǿ󷨣Ĺ˼ԷѧᣬҲӦһæŪΣסˮȻ޲Żһʱ䡭
ڣԷٿĶˣһǰķɣҲкܴ˺
ֵ˼ԷٷǵûԽԽƣʫҲ̲סһĶһ澵ӣһա
巨쾵̽󷨵ǿӶƶǲдȷ壬ҫ׹⣬󣬳壬淢ڡ
ˣ
һչȥ̲ͣҫâһּʡ
ȷ
ȷ
ȷ
е쾵ͱȷ̫࣬Ǳ̫ҫķɢҫ۵Ĺâ
⡭
ǳ鶯ʫҪˡ
ŲûԼǵһģɡ󷨿һ۾ѧᣬõô죬û˿󡭡

ûãͼеָ꣬һͣ
˫ֱ󣬵Ŀգһ
ôˣ󷨲жϣȻҪͷ
һæ
󷨲⸴ӣм䲻ܶϣΪһжϣˮͻὫ֮ǰõĳ٣Ŭһ
ͺ޵̰һ깤֮ǰǲˮģ򣬽ٶ࣬Ҳûá
ûжϰ
Ļת΢΢һЦѾ޸ˣ
ɣ
ʫ⡣
Ԩʥʬ廹ԭأˮʣôɣ
һЦٴοУȻ𣺡
¡
ǰĹײʧ𵴵Ŀռȹʲôûһ㡣
󷨡Ȼһ֮У׼
Գ桭ʦѪ
ʫ


1898 ˵ǿ
޸ɣڶԷһ֮תѵѪһһԳɹ棿
ܿ죬ʫ׹ˡ
ԷͿʦѪЩƣʵϲͬʦڵһá
ֻǡֶ̺ѣôԿƵģ
뿪ڣͼһʥ̲ס˳
֮ǰ󷨣ЩʣʱЩ޸ģ
΢΢һЦ
޸ģʫȫһⲻܡʦܳ
ʦµ󷨣ôд
ʦµ󷨣ǲд龳˷츲صı仯֮ǰѾˣҲҪȱһֱ޸
͡
ʱۣ׺ɣ
龳ǰ϶ڵģ綼ˣΪӡ󷨣ôһɲ䣬һֱȷģ
ʫ˵漴ٴ𾪵Ըӡ
޸ġȻ޸Ŀʦ󷨣
ңɹˣ
ǰһѣΣѧͼʮú󷨣˳㻹޸һ¡ٶ
һֱ԰ʣڶԷǰɶǣ
סˣô£ʥɷϸ˵һ£
ȹ̣ˮ׷ס˿һѾȵľͷһĿʫǿʥ
ʦءһûӡ
ʮŲú󷨡ѾˣΪҪͻƹʥá
ղǹˮʦоΣܲղ
ûش⣬ʥʵ
ЩƣʵȴȫͬյĻܲסֱӱѡʵʵ˵
ˮƣޱȣ˵ͨˣܲס
ǡϲԵ
˵ʥЦһ
ϲԵ
ţϲԵˣʵΪαҪǿΪǵǽȻͬӳأѬգһӵųǿսʥ͡
û£ˡ
Ѫսһ£þҪ˺ѣֵطܹ

⸱飬ʥҡҡͷǿס壬ֱһȥ
սʧѪ࣬ûȴҲĴûÿɻˡ
󣬷һᣬһܱյĹǰ߽ȥǰǸյ󷨣֮Ǹ޴֪ʲôƶɣķġ
꣬ʥˣ¶׶֮⣬ƺ޲ýնɱ
۾ɨ˹ȥ˾ȻǴʥླ۷ǰߣʥҲֻһ˿֮ƺԶѦֺ
⡭Ϊΰǹ
ɻ
ӰټҾܲӿʦн࣬ȴҲ壬츳ôǿʵ˸ߣΪҪһֱ
Ѳɣʲô캦Ĵ£
ʦɿǵݣʥʵ
ҡͷ
Ӱټôǿߣֲʶ֪Էݡ
ǡˣ
ʥ͡
һôܣѵ塭רαװˣ
˻ɱ¾֮ҲҪߴǰͳ죬û˿ɱ¾ζô壿
Ѳɣ壬ֶαװ
Ҳ԰αװĻֻҪس֣֮۶ܿһ
ǰˣû˿αװȫǱģ
ʵʵˣ˸ղǹˮͱ⸱ģţʥ
⡭һ
ղɻǹǲǲգڲˣ࡭ģ

ʥҲ˵һղڸ̨Ѽˮеӿ˹ȥ
ǵû£۾һͬʱȫѨ򿪣ɿա
ӿԷڣˮڣǵϢԽԽǿҲԽԽ
Ȼ
ȭͷ
û취ˮ˾Ȼգٶȼ죡
ǰߣҪ𰸡
йأֻҪǿܹӦˣʹﵽʱǿ˲֪ٱˣʮͷҲֻ
ʥҡҡͷ࣬Щ˲һˣȫˣ
һ䡣
ΪˣȻǿ󣬵һ磬ûʲôζû뵽֮
ʦ½
ԽԽǿʢ
𺳣̲סʵѵʦԨʥʬ岼óɴ赲ϢΪ˷ֹй䣿


1899 ʥ֮
ǰʥûзϣǵ˵ͷ龳ʦֵʱֻǸͨͨҲǿգɣˣпܻұøǿˣŵ˺
Ϊ˷ֹ౻壬ԨʥԸ£ǰײ󣡡
Ȼٴοдѯʣѿͨյʡ
֪ѯʲôʥоʦ֪ҪϢֻһǾǿ󣬶ʣǸµḶ́һ͡ӳٹʥˣ֪оѿֲúʻ᲻ǿ壬ȷʵʵķԾֻˣһ룡ɲֱգ
ͷ
֮ǰ׵飬˿ȫ⡣
ѹӰټңҪ龳вԭطӡˮй
ͬʱǿ࣬ӦߵĸԶ
ʦһܷʽͬĿֻһΪ壡
ʥŵֻǸС磬ԴޣټʲǿͱҲǿ˲٣ԡ˶ʸֻţŻԽԽԶ
龳Ϊѿ󣬲ܺʦ½ͨˣСܴʱˣԽԽ࣬ɻή
ͺܱյĴһֱٶֲҲԸ㣬Ҫ
ǰпѧרʵ飬һ޴ңֲ˸ֲ˲֪ٶһ̬꣬Ȧͳױ
龳ҲˣֱܴܵϾֻǸС磬ͨ˳ӵʦʵ磬мģԣߵơ
໹ûӦˮ͵ȱˡ
ʵ龳ˣʦ½ҲһǿԽԽ࣬ܲסʥŵ
ͷ
κεطһɳܵٽ㡣
ջеͺţϵʭӣһͷɰǧͷûʲôɡأ
ǿţҲ
龳⣬ԣϸƹԴֻľţʸ
ƵĻ˵Խǿ󣬿ܻûȵ̬͵ȱҲˡ
˵ʦ½޷ʥ᲻Ҳԭ򣿡
׹ͻȻڡ
ʦ½ǰ龳һǰ޷ʥˣ᲻ҲΪ
ԭҲû̫ϵ
ҡҡͷɻʥ͵ҪͻƹʥҪйʥ֮ʥ֮ʦ½龳ġϲԲеˮ޷½ԽԽ٣һ˿ûУҲ޷ʥˣ
ʥ֮Ȼˮ֮Уһ㶡
ڸ̨ʱչһ˿һڣ̳ޱȣѣ漴ͷѨշֺ
йʥ֮
ָһ㣬̲סٴһ˿
ɳأ̽Ƭ̣Ȼиܵһ˿΢Ĺʥ֮
ܺ٣յĶˣٳɶ࣬ͬͻΪ½۷ǿߡ
ֻǡ
ʵ̫ǿˣղˣοˡ
ӡϲԶ˻ǿ󡭡ӡ಻ֹʥξӹԣ
ʥЦ
˵
ҪĹʥˮ츣ˣһӡ⡰顱Ҳ
ѵʹ˵еһĺ᣿
֣ٴʵ
ܹȴѵֻʵ⣿
Ҳʦ˵ƺǱ壡Ϊʦ½̫ˣű⸱ģֻҪոָ̻øǿ󣡡
˵⣬ʥǰλ꣬ǿЦǾץʱֻͨ壬ûκ⣬ϲԵˮʮɱ䵽״̬ʵǿĿߣòҲú˺޶¡
࣬ʮ꣬꣬ټ׿츳ҲʵԷֻˮƽܹͬﵽ
˱ˣˡ
Ȼӡ棬С顯ֻͨй¶ϲԣˮѲɡӡϲԣֻҪȥܽһ磿
һǿѹסеļ˹


1900 
۽龳ĿģΪѰҽϲԵͨӶѰصټ
̨Ϸͨ顱ܹͨϲԵ᲻ǽеĽݣ
Ҳ
ʥҡͷ
ǡʦ뿪龳뿪ʦ½
⡭ʥɫһ졣
ʦ뿪״̫ολ֪ٱĺˡ
ȴﵽվ磬Ȼ뿪ߵûмأоƽӦúӡйأ
һĿʫͻȻڡ
˿
Ҫϲԣʮ֮˾Ҫ̨ϷͨҪ㣬Ҫյʵ
Ի
ʦ龳ǿʦ·ӡ޷ϴܹ֮뿪˴ʦ½Ϊ֣ǽе㡭νģ
һᣬʥɻĿ
ҲЩ֡
Ϊ龳Ҫ뿪ϴǽŵԳɹǰλνģ
ûʲôģҡһȽʥʬصķӡȻ󡭡ƿ͵
ƿƿǵӡ
ʥһ䡣
ôˣ
ȥ
˲Ͻͣʥڿһն˽ȥ˽
Ƭ̹򣬵˽ĵط
ӡɴڸǰ֮ǰѷ죬˿̲ͣζһźڻ𲻶գƺһɾ޴ѹʱܲסƿ
סô£
ӡǿ֪ĺ˳ǿױ٣ƿһѷ죬ôͻȻ䣬ôǿĺڻ
ҺЩƣ
ʥɫأķɣ

龳Ȼʦ½ʵϻеһ֣ѿһӵʦʵƻ򡭡Ƚʥʬ棬˵ǷӡΪ赲̽顭ڱƻ֪ȻҪ񹥻»Ὣ龳׻𣡡
ʥ¶ŨŨĵǡ
һ׹
ԼĹ˭ƻҪܵͷ
ͺ߳߾磬ʥҪͽ䡣
˵磬˵ǰçΪԽߣҪı磬ɳλ֮㣬׾ٽ串
ƻʥҲС
Ϊʦ½Ҳ龳ӰټҳѣڿΪ˶̽顣
һ֪λãÿ궼ǿ߹ͺײգ˵ѿܱܲסδ֪
ô죿
֪Լֻûͼ޲󷨣ֹԷ̽飡
ͼУѾûô
ʥҡͷӡƽ⣬ĻҲƿˣ֮ǰ̽飬ײḡֳʦӰΪʦټ׷顣ѿʧȥãڶԷѾ֪һСٲ䣬ʲôô
Ĭ
ʱʯ⣬ʯףһȽʥʬ壬άֻ
ڶڣ֣ʱǿʦʬ壬ǿʱ֣Լ취ƽ⣬ŷϡ
Ѿƿʦ½ӡӡ޲޸Ȼûκ塣
ѵֻܿŷӡ˺ѣȻ龳һ
ȷûкð취ǡϹʱһƭ
ƭ
ţʦʱй¶죬ȽʥԸάֻ
ʥɫأҪҲֻһ취ҵһλǿߣԸնɱ类ļ󡭡ܻͷعģȴǣֻҪֶθƺлɹģ
üë
ʦ½龳˿ûһλǿߣǹֻսӽʵȴкܴ룬Ӧú׿
ɣӣ㲻ܳƭԷܼһһ죡
̧ͷǰʥĿдżᶨ
㣿
ţȻûﵽգȴҲΪӽԱӦÿʱɢյܹʱԷ
ʥͷ
ԱʫǳɣһԱٲ޸Ŀˡ
ﵽѪ磬նɱ⣬пܸԱĻ͵ڳ䣬ɢ
¹ʥ֮ٳ㣬Ҳû취ع顣
֪ʥ˵ͷֻҪܱס龳ʲô
Ϊʥ׼Լܹ˵ֵˡ
ȱæȿû취
ԷʱҪȥüɫǰָһ˹ȥ


1901 ԸΪʦ
Сģ𡭡
ʫһ
ﲻ٣ô϶գָȥ
ûָѾڻϣɫĻָⲻͣŤŤʮֺߣֺദãüдŷɧ
üëһʫֱӡ
ôоɶλһӴ̱Ťˣ
ΪʦһĳһרŴİשһͣ˵ĳǹ齻֣򡢲ӡֻҪܹĵطûһ飬һȶûС
ڣ˾η⸱ӣ˵Ĳˡ
֪磬Ҫˡ
Сǵ𣿡
𾪵ˣָĻ硣
ƺĻŤһ¡
üͷ
ȻҲûԼĶʶղŵľٶѾȷҪ龳
ʦ½ڵ磬壬ϵͳ龳ȻԽĶ൱ڶû˿ء
ɱ𣬾ͺϵͳܱȡһ㣬һʧȥ磬ò˶ãͻ
ѷȥ»صʦ½漴ͷƣ棬ڲ߻ۣƺ龳ݡ
תͷʥǿߵԴ龳԰ɣ
ţǵ겼ķʥٴεһơ
ܿ쿴һ飬һһӰǰ
飿ԡ㽫Ƴ޻ˣʥһûιȥ
ǰɢƾԶϢһ֪ﵽյľ磬͸ղ֮սȣ˿
ϲ½飬ɱƳ˽ˡϢȥ¡
ţ
ⶫȡˣҲûʲôģ˵ͷһ׻壬˽˵
޻ˣ൱һܣԼû취ģҪʹãֻ׻ڣ֮ǰͷ顱սʱ׻޷壬Ҳûó
˿̣պԣɷԷ˵ġ
һﱾվǿߣںԼ꣬Լƣֱ˴ˣӦ÷ϡ
¡
ȻǽڣΧ˹ʥ۾ͬʱһվǼͼͻȻһΣʧӰ٣δһ㡣
ô£һ
˵ǿһ֣ὫķŭȫȻֶͨΣ龳ѣֱ
ôŸһˣ
ˡ
ԭأ˰죬ʥӦһЦʬ壬ϲ½ġ顯Էҹ
׹
ͺĹ㷸ķҲû̫õİ취
ͷˣϲԵﵽգԽķʦ½˺ֺ
ˣͷ飬ӿռѷͿʩչδֱ
ǿߣﵽ־磬һʹãͺвŪã׵繥
㲻
ô£Цá
˵ƽΪۻʵϣӲ
統أֻϳȥûн
⡭ʦԽ׻뿪ˣͣһ£ʥ
ûҲֻڿ
֪Է˼һ׻ص𣬲Ÿɣٴοܲٴξۼ
С
һЦҡͷ
׻겻һֱͷвһܲҲ˵취ûɹͬʧܵġ
ʵڲУﻹһͷ顯ʬ壬˭⡭
ڣû˵꣬鲻ԽͣҲ˵ȥ
ȷһͷ顱ʬ壬ûüڳˣ׻ʦǡǿߵʬ壬ҲһһϦɵġ
ϾԷû֮׻ҲĲ
˵飬Լܹɡ
ûܹ˿ҲյǿߣǸô죿
ƲۣͣԿתҪͷų𻨡
ˣͼݣʹȻˣ֮ᣬܲܽǰ鷳
һԺð֮
ٻλ顱Ǳⶫһġ
ⶫûУҪγɣҪ˰ʦĸм
뵽⣬תͷʫдųϿң㡭ԸΪʦ
Ը⣡
ʫ


1902 
ˡ
ͷ
ڳģʥˣǻǰʦԲܣҲ˼ڣѦìܣΨһĿʫȻûκԥֱӾܾ
ʵҲֶԷΪʦѪϰʦУվ˾˵ļϣʥûʸʦοˣ
ǰλҲһʦ
츳Էеġ
¹ܲܽ龳鷳ƤͣҲΪ״гΪʦɣ
֮ᣬʵΣֻҪгԼʦʵмγɣָ״
Ϊʦܽǰľ棿ʫü
ҪǶԷոնɱ飬˴鷳ΪǸƭӡ
ţɣȸָ㣬ݲʦԼ
˿ͷϵƣ۵ٶԽԽ죬֪٣ٴλή٣
ʱ䲻ϸͣ˵֮ᣬǣͼݣҲܽͣ磬ֱ֪ʶ۷
ǰŮҲȶԷڣڣӵпʦѪκ似һѧͻᣬһ;ٶԶˣûȻﵽླԲ꣬ȴѾ٣ҶûʥǿнΪѹ
ʫͷ
Щ£ܣֻҪӰټҵǿߣ֪ԷܹΪ档
γ٣ΪһαһǿԺգо޴ǲҲˣĴ࣬Ҳ˺ܴ
ǾǡٵѾĹ裬ڣڶд޷âڱûĻγ٣ӦǰҲ˵һڳĴΣȴĬ꣬ȥڵӦòûȥǲȥɡ
ʫɫһףĺһǲš
£ܣһֱ˵ζû뵽ǰλһڽҴ
ǰﵽླԲﵽĻԻͣĴ٣ͻƹʥǰȻΣգоգԳɹɡιͻȻ֣ٵѾ˹裬ζ
ٳĻƽٲǿҲͬڵױٵһ֣˵ʥŪûʧȥң
Ϊ֪һ׽ٵͣҼ궼ûҵõİ취ʱƣͬԽԽء
Ϊ˽鷳˲֪鼮ûнԷһ˵ѵн
ҼȻܹȻ֪ķ֢ᣡЦЦӦÿԿҲ˺ü٣ڣȴû֢״
ʫȻ۾鲻Խˡ
ԷһͬΪླԲʵȴԺǿս˿·硣
ʦ֮⣬϶ҲԼһ˺üιʥ٣ѹΪͻơ
֪νȷΪʦҲ޷ҧʫ
ҪܹܹĴ׽٣͵ڿ׷棬ͻգ
ʵӡٳ⣬Ҳõġ
׷ĽŲߵ磬ԽԽԶ
ʵܼ򵥣㾭Ĺʥ٣ʦ½ʩչģ龳еΪʦ̺ͨ˿ʦڡ˵ûʲô𣬵˵ʱԴںϣ޷

龳ӡʦ½ĿӣʥĹʥ٣ȻҲͷųġ
֮Կһȫǿʦ
ͬҴΪ٣൱ڴڲ˹˹Ԥ󣬶ֲ˵죬Խ˵Щˡ
Խ࣬ͬԴԽǿյҲԽ࣬ȻȻѳߡ
Ҹô죿
ʫæ
Է˵˿˵ףʱʶԭг˿ֻš
Ҫ׽ʵҲѣǾǡʦ½³ʥ٣ȻڵΪѾٴγĻŪþͻһ˫нԽԽ࣬󳹵ʧȥĻᣬĻʦ½׽٣δӴױĨɱ
ЦſΪʦҿԴ㣬Ըʦ½ʥٵķ
⡭ãҰΪʦϣ㲻Ҫ׾ʫڷϻֱӰݵ˼ͷ
һֳۣ֮ᣬ֪Էĸм̾Ϣһʵʦ½ʥ٣ӣҪǣҪԷɳǻΪ룬ĸܣðů
ʫŤ޲ýǰһһȭ򱬡
ôôأ


1903 ʫʥϣ
ȿȣʦ˵ص㣡
ʥȥˡ
ʥĺƽ٣൱ڳԽǾţ㹻Ĺʥ֮Ҳ޷ͻơ
ʫܹΪԴ䣬׼Ϊʦĺ󱲣Դӷ񣬹ʥ֮ѶϾǻǱһ˿
ÿһγͬĿȫǣʱһﾹȻ˵Ѻƽٵɳǻ
ܺú
ô̫ص˰ɣ
˵ľص㰡
ҡҡͷղͣƣһץ
һ׵̱˺ġ
꣡꣡
ץסͣҪӳȥȴʼ
һЦԣҪˣҶǺѣҪˡ
ᣬǺͰĶԴ
׵磬⸱̬ȣһ£Ƥڡ
ʫȫ۾Բ
⡭Ŀԣ
̫Ϸ˰ɣ
ҪаģǲֿڣöԷΣԹ
һٴγģһָֻȥǸһֻſ첲ϵè
˲ֱӣͬʱ¶ɻ
ѵʥ٣ܶɹ
ҪˣΪûһ˸
ƽһ־ôǿ˭ҽ䵱ɳԴİɣңģһᣬʥ٣ֱӳȫѨȥɣȥգǧҪκһҪĸܶԷЩҿԱ֤κƽ٣Գɹɹ
˵뷨͡
ʫԥ
ǲŶԷǶԷĻʵ̫ˡ
ôǲңǶԼûģó岻Ĵ٣Ǿ˰ɡ
˰֣¶Щįʦһֱż񣬱ΪĺˣһӢηû뵽ų
òżʫһһҿźˣδηˣ˵Ҹôɣ
ͬ⣬ŵ˵ͷһ⣬ܿ˵ԼķǸղŵ˵ǡ
ʥٺ󣬲ҪֿѨλĸܣðǻ
ʫͷƤ顣
Ȼãܳпܻᱻҧҧԣ
˵꣬Ҳʥ˵Ȱ裬һΣֱзȥգ۹򣬾Ͽա
Ҫ⣬ҸƧڣ
֪ʥ٣׽Ƭŵسƻæ
ʫһΣ󣬾Զǣһ̵ɽ
վھʮĵطԶԶ

ûκγɣʫڵ۷״̬ȫˮ㣬װ
Ϣǿʦ½ע⣬ƷղŻ龳ڴȫѻʱὫ˺ѡ
⡭
ԽܲԽƿزסĸоʥҲ̲ס˹ʦôܹѱðǻ
Ȼܣ
ҡͷ
ܣ
һΣˤ
ղŲ˵ͦ
ôͻȻˣ
ʥ٣ߵĳͷһƻߣһִߣѱԷôܣðǻĸܡ˵˵ѣ
˵˵ÿʫֿٵĻġ
ʥըˡ
ЦҲҪи޶Ȱɣ
ʫʦУΨһѪȳˡĴڣһкĿȥڣ
żȿ˵
סʱȥ¿ʫˣһЦ
˿̣ŮѾ㹻еͺƽ٣ܲסѹֱ˹
꣡
ɲǼ佫Բ׵ķΧ֡
õƾʲô
ʫȫʱ⣬еֿգǱǿѹ
Ҫֿ㲻϶ҲᱻղǼһﳰЦ
һ뵽̲סŭÿʦˣҲˣ
䣡
ϣŵüæס۾һŮͻᱻ˺ѳ⣡
˰죬δҲ̲סȥһ֮£ȫ鲻ԽĴԭء
ֻȫѨԹʥû˿ֿŮ˿վ֮Уԡ
׵׷ӿڣûбըҲûƻʲôûһ㣬Ѫʡ
ͬѱ
⡭ʲô
ȫһı飬ǰ꣬ǲš
Ϊƭ˵Ļô벻Ȼġ
ԵĻǲҲȥԣ
Ѧ
ʦ
ʥҲ̲ס˳⵽סô£


1904 ʫʥ£
㲻УȥĻᱻ
ûֱӻش𣬶ǿѦ˫ֱٴοУĿдŵȻ
ΪʲôҲУѦü
ʵ㣬ң
ʫ̺ʦѪ龳󣬾ƽ١ѲСӡ
˵ͷ
ղλ˵ˣŮιʥ٣̺޷
һĴΣܻܿᱻͬ
Сǡʦ½ģŵĶɽٷƴڼŭ˺ƽ٣ǵ𷴵ԽԽǿ󣡡
ʫʥսϣﷸĻ̺Сͬﷸأ
ʱӲƽ٣൱ﷸݣһصļһȻִܵ߸ǿķ
ڳţִ߽룬϶ԷִͻСܶ࣡ܵķҲúСҪǡܳûڵСһã
⡭
ݴ
ʦ½Ҫ龳Կߵȷˮݡ
һ۾Ϳ㣬ҽʥ٣Ū˫ܾˡ
ΪﷸִͨߣһŪãʯ٣ٲ
ԶһĺƽˣûôС֮᲻ͬĨɱ
Ȼ׹ʥǵġ
˵򵥣ȴʮָӡ
ŮСһģˣ޷նˣֿܵԼҲɱ
ԣĸܣ
ͷΪʦˣ龳һţ㶼ܲնٶƿزסˣҲû취Ͼܹ´ζɽ٣ͬ޷ܣ
ղŵ飬ֱ˵һ˵ˣ˼ƽϣܷӦʵ䷴
ͬﷸΪִߴ϶Ҳµһ⣬һǰ߻ûԼͻȱŪ
⡭
׹ٴο꣬
ٵԡ״̬һ˲䶼ڣû˿ͼʶ
ʦȻʥ޷󼰵

·ͣ𾪵ԸӣеĿʫܣλ俴Сʦĳ
˿̣ͣҲ˶ԷĿġ
ʦ½Ĺʥ٣ڲ֮ͣǰѻСһġĥ
ǵû£ϸΪǼʶ˼
֪˶ãڶѻ龳ױĸɾŮ֪գ϶ᱻըȫѨգѪҺȼգ
ˣ
һǳ⡣
һԳɹ棡
յĹʥ٣ĵĲˣ˿Ҳܲס츳ֻһ£ƾɢһ룬Żɢ
¡¡
뿪ŮҲƲסڵͻ˲ླԲﵽ˹ʥ
ңͻƹʥΪ̫񣬲δֹͣһ·ǰ
Ѫڣ
Ѫڣ

գ۹ʹﵽ˹ʥһѪ۷壬
Ӱټҳڡڡ۷壡
һӣȻﵽ˹ʥڶӰټҵ۷壬ſʼ˥
ǿ
ʥݴ
ͻƹʥֻͨǴﵽѪڣڵģеˣʫȻһԽ󼶱𣬴ﵽڶص۷塭
龳ʷУûֹ
ܹ㣬Ϊλ
ٴοѾˡ
ĻۣȫֱӳѪ
˵ı飬üëһС
Ѫ
Ҳһ£ʫҡҡͷѾﵽޡ
Ĵιʥ٣ΪѹƵ˼ޣһﵽʥڶ۷壬Ѿķȫû취ֺˡ
ޣûʲôޣ
ָһһѪҺָ⣬ֱԷ˹ȥȥ
ǣ
˿̵Ŀʫٷ֮ٵŷûгſھͽѪҺȥ
ѪҺһʺ̸еǻȣ·Ҫȼ
ǡλ顯ѪҺ
ĿԲ
ѪǿߵľѪЩչ٣ȻҲܻ۵ʵԷѪҺǿ㣬ȵѪǿʮֹ
ֻһֿܡǿߵѪҺ
ĶȻֱӸһö
ɫһ죬֪˿̲Ƕʱ򣬿ʫ͵תɿա
ʱٴδƣ˳ͻƵѪ磬ͣ
ʦ
ܵϵֱɵǰϥһڵء
ΣóϷ
ˣ
һһɫ鼮ͼݡ


1905 Сʦ
տʫΪͽĿģ֮ᣬ֮ǰȻʦȴûĸм˿̣ĻȻ˳γɡ
ɣ
Ů˿
ⶫܽ龳ٵˡ
ʦ
λСʦ𣿡
ŵΧ˹һǼ
ʥ˾޴ˣΪʥǿߣŵˣٷֲˣɵˡ
Сʦã
ʫᡣ
龳һţʦˡһȺԼͶСŮʦʦ㡭ʵЩ޷ڡ
֪Ǻãʦ㲻Сʦãҵ״ֻյѧ
յġʫһΡ
ղŻãСʦЩΣ˰죬СʦõʸûС
ҧ˵ͼʦ˹ô㣿
ѧңʫҧ
ô˵龳ķˣСʦöʸȷ̫
ûʲôҵģ֪뷨ɣλţҵ״ѧ䣬ӦñС˲٣
һָţǶñƾʵսܹʤΪ״ʦ㣬ûʲô
ã
һ۲ԶŮʫüһ̧ҫŨҵս⡣
ԷֻʮߡӣС˲٣ʤʲôʸʦˣ
úս
ӦҲϻһۡ
ǣ˵ͷŮһΣտ֮룡
ʫ
Ůսû̫Ⱦֱӿʼ
ʫûѪΪţټͻƵ˵Ѫ磬似ʩչͣɣâҫۡ
ʳ״򿪣춼֣ѩƮ
Ϊ͵Ϯӹʱ򣬸ոͻƹʥӰټҳڡ
һʦָ㣬ټϣѪʥ֮ѪޱĹȻﵽ۷塣
ܺͿʫ󣬵ƾս;飬ʱڣȻ˿·硣
սһᣬʫ¶ż
ΪȶԷС𣬸ǿʦ֮󣬹ƽսͬûʩչ£ȻռһϷ硭
λֻʮߡ״ôôǿ
УȥʤҲڰˡ
ȥʤ϶ҲͰûɶ𣬱ϾΪߡ
һҧʫ͵һ䣬ɲǼǶ˺ü
ǿ似ʦԴˡ˱۸
ţ
似Ҳֲסˡ
ǰλܸͻƣϾǾĴιʥٵĳټΪǿҪԼսḻ϶ʧˡ
Ҫżֻ硭Ȼˣ˳ͻһ°ɣ
ָһͬһǿߵѪҺŵ˹ȥ

ѪҺʺڵ̿
¡
ʮȻӰټҵﵽ˵Ѫ硣
Ϊͻƣ£ʫҲֲסؿڣ˳ȥˤڵϡ
ˡ
ɫ԰ףʫҧ
кöûʩչಫѪ֮Է϶ⲻסɴʱʵڲ˼ó
Է似ûĸȴÿһһʽֱָһִ֮Уؼǣƺܿսеȱݣÿһжò޷סĵط
֮ǰΪߣʱѹƣԷʵҲ󣬾ûκΰ취ˡ
˵һʼԾѾעҪʧܣЦҳϰˣ
ΣڿɻԸСʦã
λ龳ţʧܣһЦȻҪãǿģսˣֻҪѹΪ֮սȻҲƽ
⡭
ʫʣµļ˿ȥ
֣ԬΡκ̵һ¶˻ȣƺ֮ԣ˳۸һ£֪ߵغ
ˣԸСʦá
ʫݵ
ȻЩ˶һʦսʽϣ϶ҲͬղΪߣѹţͬ⼸Ļ϶ռ˿Ϸ磡
Ūãͬ䡣
ˣֱӳϡ
ͺã
ϣ˿΢΢һЦš֣Ǽӽ쿪ʼʫǵСʦãʦĵھλ״ԺʦֵҪĪǽ
ǣʦ̻壡
ˢˢȭ
ʦ˶Ϊʦʥ˵˰죬ڵʫͻƹʥǴﵽ˵Ѫ磬ʸƹ龳Ӱټˡ
龳ǿʦµģȻҪƹܡ
Щ꣬ʹȨҲֻǴΪƿذˣ
ڿʫ׳ɳҲðȨ黹ˡ


1906 ʦȥĶ
ӰټһԿʦհʫͻƹʥ˵ˣҲûʲôɽӵģȻȻͳߵλ졣
ľŴӣ׽塢塢Ӱټңƹڡ
ʦ龳ڷӡ£ô
֪˼ϵΣʫҲƴǣʦ
ʦ˵ֻҪΪʦа취
ԣ
ٴλصӡǰһ֮üķ˳

ϵѷںһգ۹γһߴԶŻ
ⶫһ֣зڵǼˡ顱һɢδֹһ㡣
ͽˣ
ȫһ
ţȥǿߣû뵽˼򵥣һ鼮ˣ
֪ףﲻЩó
²ǶԵġ
˵뷨˿
ͼݣ֮ǰ޷ʥȱݣҲ˵޷͸Խʦ½Ķ
뿪ںڣ˳
ʱͻɣǲͼеѾԽʦ½ģղŵ飬ˡ
͡顱Խή׽һ
ͼݳԽʦ½֮ᣬܷ龳ú߲С
֮ΪŻѹʦ½ҹ龳ڲض㲻ʲôˣٴνУԸʫȥ׼ҿһ£
ûоܾʫȴ·
׼ҾڴøУС
׼ұпʦĴУ˼͹ﵽ˼£ĻΧŨУһǰУǸſʦĽŲľ˼롣
׼ң뿪龳ûӣǶǰС
йӶ򣬲Ƴ֮Ҳۼʶһ£ʦ½ķѰԼĶ
ÿһУᶺһʱ䡣
˽½ƽʦôʱҲʦ뷨ģٲϵֻΪ˴¡
ӣ£ķԶʦѧԺѧҲֲأнѧγ̵ģӳͣˡѧߣһʱ䣬λµһʦԽԽϳ˿ʦ
˶ٴڿΣλ˾ʦȴǴ˼һʧȥټ
ʦã޷̽飬״֪ʦȥѶϢأ·𳹵״ʧˡ
ʦȥ
֣ʦĴ½ļ֮۷˻һķ糾ͣδκټ
ŴӴ½߻ҲһȻһ
Ŵӣɢ£ĸ£еطұˣʼû֡
ʦϵǣӦҪԼ·õߣǾͲùֵˣ
ӱο
ӱ˵Ĳǵ֮ѰңǽʦĽ̻壬֪ʶڵĸ䣡ҲҪΪȡͻƵѪ۷壬Ϊֵǳ
·
ǰ
ͬʱͷٶ˵
ʦʵʦ½ܹ˵Ȼˣûʲôɵĵġ
̤̤ʵʵ飬ŬΪʦνսʱ˺ȡ

˵Ѱʦ䣬ʱʦ½һƫԶСǰС
ʱ뿪ӰټңѾˣ磬ҲѾꡣ
һ·ǰУıϣ˿ģʹ࣬˸ˣʧ䡭
ǵ;Ǿһδβͬ
СѾ죬Ҳ뿪ˡ
ŽֵҪ߳ȥֵ̻Ȼ˼Ŀһȥ
㣬ʦڿˣ
˵ڿΣҪʦ֪ʶһҪúüȡͷأѿ󣡡
ⶫӰټֲģʦ½֣ʮϴθڴǳһ٣ֱͻƵʦ
ǰˣͻʦҲֵˡ

۷׷ס
ڿΣ
ҡҡͷûȥȤ
࣬·ƵڿΣöˡ
ʦͷ֪ʶеȷе©ٳ˾ӵܡ
δֹû¶ݡ
ȻǳҪĨеĸ֮ǰĵ̬ů
߰ɣ
ͣЪ߳С򣬽һУ۾һƳ֮䣬ʱͣ

һӰߡ
ǰһˣȵˣ
ֻ˿̣ٲͨʦӢʦˣһλʵʵʦһﵽǵĵز
λãҽ㣬һλʦ
վڸ̨ϣŮһܣ΢΢һЦ¶˵Цݡ


1907 ʥΪʦϣ
㣬Խ󣬺ѧԺŮʦʶĵһƯŮ뿪û
ǰصѧԺֻ½ѰδҵԷû뵽ϣҾȻﵽʦĵز
΢΢һЦͣסŲ̨Ů𣺡Һʦͬ£
ͬ£
Ҳ˵ʶʦ
ţİɣÿڿεˣ˵ʶʦ£󲿷ֶǸԼñӣ
⵹ǣû뵽ôƯˣҲƭӣ

ԽԽðˣ֪٣ƫԶСҲˡ
λĿУŮʦȻһھᵽԼҡҡͷ¶һ˿ʧ
֮ǰû뵽һԼͷ̧Լĵλ
ʧ䣬뿪Ů𣺡Ѿ֮ʦ£˶֪ʶΪ١ҲĽҲøУ
ͣ¡
ƭӣ뿪ˣҲתһüͷ
ʦģΪ˵˵Сʲô˼
䣬Ѿ˿ʼˡ
磬ǶԪģСҪվƶˣ֪ʶʦҲҪͨ¹ܵͨԱҪɱˡ䡢Ʒиҵˡûик͵ͼְ֣֮ҵҲûУеֻǣԸԸ渶Ѫ;ԸԸģȥϲԼµ飡
ʦϲʦְҵϲ˴֪ʶϲоİأԡɹˣߵʦְҵ۷壡
ֻͨˣû츳ԶԶȲ϶ԷͬͬѧԼѧϸ淶Ŭѧϰ޷£ø֪Ա֤Լڵ֪ʶӵܣ֤κһѧʣԼ飬׼ȷ󡭡͹ˣ
ˣҪԼԼó·Щ꣬Ĵѧˣ˿񻶣ʱȷһλ֮ʦ͵ĿʦһĴˡõʱǾʹһӱΪǿ𣿡
ǿߣĸʱֻ˲ܴﵽģ
⡭
Ƿŭˣȫ˵
κʱ˶ǿߡ
ֻһΣʵ
ԴҲ
Ϊ˵űΪǿߣŻ
û뵽Ȼ򡭡Ҳһ㶡
ΪŮóԼ̧Լݣû뵽Ȼֵ
ˣµĲ㣬ǣ޷Լ
ֻСģҪԪ˧պòֹԼ
˵ҿ˵ˣʦڵѧУҲû̫츳ģͬ˾ǿߣ
õʦߵĸԶ
˵ʦͬ£ˣʦѣһǾ춯صôʦѣ

𾪹̨¸ӻȻ
Ļ˲΢
Լʵƫƫ˵ʱ˲á
дƷӦΪ༭۲ʶԣɳǩԼ
֪⻰˲ˣҾǴҲʦΪ֮ʦ£ɡѵΪĺܸˣ
˵ķŭҡҡͷԽ󣬼ϵξԽһʦøĹƽ˵ңӰټңһһǣֻܸ߸ϣȥðЩ𣿡
ˣ˵
ǰʦλ츳ðճ壬ȥӰټҡ
Ǿʦܷ⣬ҵͬһѧУʱǱڸʦΪʦʿˣһʱᱻЩû˿η壬һߵڣǣܹסеѹ

ʦƽ紫ˣɲᣬ¡
һ·˶Σգ裬ȴû˿ͣЪǡ
кһ£ͬʱҡͷ
ľģѧԺͿܻᱻҲ̧ͷ
ľõģҲֹ
˵沨׳ˡ
Ľ˿ԣ˾ģܾˡ
뺣ȴ޷ܾˡ
˶ҪԼҪ
˵ĳĬͬидĻۣǵȼ˵һ˲ը
ɽ󴨣ůĵطںϳɼ䣬һƬˣʦ½Ͽգأ׵ĳ⡣
ϲԼ
һ˲ҵľ磬֮ǰеãգۼƽ⣬ڽ˰ΪƵ̵Ľˮһ㣬ʡ


1908 ʥΪʦУ
ǰ֮뿪ˣ£Ϊã
ʦʵ̫ǿˣκ˿⣬֮ȡ
һͨˣ̶̼Ϊ¾뢣˸ϳ½ӡڹսͽ£ǧšÿһ춯أҫޱȡ
Լ֪ΪʦǳΪʥĵ·ɡӴӵĻܰʦ
ԽᣬԽ֪룬ʧȥǰĵ·ͷ
Ȼ߱뾭ģɹȥ
һֱͼݣѼ鼮ûԼĴ죬ܿ죬ȴҲ˷չ
û˹¡
ĹûȱݣûйԽ޷Ҳͳȱݡ
ȱ
һ·۲죬һ·ء
ң̬˿㣬ҵĻ׹
ѰĴ𰸣طԼϡ
Ҿˣαȥܱˡ
ʦпʦĻ˵켣ûҪͬҲûҪһֻҪѭģһ·ǰУ͹ˣ
ûֻԼˣ
лл㣬㣡
ܵڵı仯֪ҵˡ𰸡Ѿͻƹʥ΢΢һЦ
ѻȸ䲻ȴ˵ע⡣
㿴˹ĿԲʦô⣿
αװݣñϳ׵ˣҲϲ
˿̣Ϊ˸мԷûҪԣŮһ۾ͿǰλǰѧԺλʱῪʦʸ
겻òû̫ı仯ֻĸӸƤӰ׾˫۸䡣
ˣþò
һЦͷһǰĸ̨
þò
㽿
Ϊߵ磬Ŀܣû뵽ôˡ
Էǰһû˿ӣЦдŴ档
ʦ
ղ˵ʦͬ£װôȣԣ˵λλ֮ʦʦ£
ղŻﻰװƾˣǵ̾͹ˣ
ǰֱǽǵ̣ڵĦʦһʦأ
ʦ֮ôôƫԶСŮˣͦƯû뵽ȴǸĻ满

˵ĶԻûڣ·˻ȻҪըˡ
ʦ˳ݣҲ֪֮Զ
ƽߣԶûн
ŮˣȻһ˳ƺʦ񲻱ʾôļһ
ʲôЦ
װƿԣʦﲻˡˣ
ðʦʦĴɣϳͣȻʦûкţ£
Ⱥһλʦģˣ
ҽװģļһץס
һ˺ûһΡΡȱ𳳣쿴
Ƿŭˣˢˢ̨ȥžͿǲŵһĻ
ð䡰ʦλ꣬ϸֳЦݣ建з衣
ǰգ
ܷɡ˵Ȼﵽʥ
ѵλðߣһλʥǿߣ
𾪵ûһֶ
Ƶܴ󣬺ܿͽУڣңڲͣӣ·쵽ߣͷ
ǡ׽٣
ôô׽٣
˵ʥ٣ģҲĶ⡭ӦмĶǧĶ˰ɣ
·ȫסҲ˵
ô׽١òʦɣ
ȺһȻ
ҲֻʦֳôĶ𾪡

ԭ
ģһעģ³ç
һŮǰһλŮӣ΢΢һЦ
ԭš
ǰŮӣϴʥŮĸס
۹ˣȷݺ󣬻ȥͽĸͷ˳ǰص׽ӹһദڡ
չأԲȣͣҺ㾫ϣ̫󣡡һ˹
ŵĸףǳԷ⣡
ʦ˺ǵλŮһѰң󣬾ͱչԲȣҲϢʹ
ܣŮڵʵѴﵽֻĵزɷֻҪʵΣղΣաȰ裬Σա
û£ֻ룬ʦԸǿʵǻķĽ̻塭
ЦЦʦһĵεΣٴγȰ踸ĸչأͻȻüëһæ̧ͷ
漴ƣԶӶգ۹ͽԭڡ


1909 ʥΪʦ£
⡭
͵վžȵ˵
Ϊ֡ƬƣʵȻͷ
ŬȻﵽ˵Ѫ۷徳磬Ȼͻƣ֪ԶȻվ۷塣
ΪǰƣȻͷ
񲻱ʾƬƶ䣬˲ʮ
ʲôôôƣ
Է޶Ҳ˲Ծ𾪡
Ӧ׽١ʦһʦˣ
۾һٹ˲ֱӶķ˹ȥ
׽٣ôģ³ʦҲ벻
Ϊ磬ֻһ޶

ʦ֮ڴҵսʦã䲻ᴫѧʣȴᴫսļɺͱ죬ͬڡʦԣͬأ
վ˵Ķǰ֣ǰյսʦ¶ο֮ɫ
ʱƣսʦѾøǿ
Ǵʦڵ֪ʶÿһսǿһа١
ǣ
ͬʱͷǼ
ǰλʦڴ½ϴĻԻͣΪ֮
ۼҸ顣
ʼѵɣ
Ѫڣ֣ٶ˵ͻȻ̧ͷ漴ƣܲ
ǡͻƣ
һ£ۿһ죺ʦҪͻƹʥ
һԭʧҲټ

ǡ
λ
˺壬ѺദִΥߣɱۣ
һʷּ
ͬʱݵ
ӹʼλΣ˺ѾԻУû֮ǰĽţ仹죬ȴѾûս
˫ദĺܲ
֮£棬Ҳࡣ
ؼǣӹƹµʱˣ㲻ʦ࣬Ҳܿ
ûѹìܴ
ˣ͵
һ˦վҲ̧ͷȥ漴ƴԶܲһС
ʦ
ۿһ죬һ˺ѿռ䣬ʧ˸ǰ
ͣ˳װҲʸ׷ʦˡ

ͬһĻҲӰټҵ龳
ʫǼ
ʦʧôãڳ
أҳȥ
˵꣬һתѾʦ½

ʧʶһ¾

ΪߵĸԶʦݣ

ȻʦǾȻ۲ʶҪץ
Ҽʦˣ

СڣһȻ彩ֱ
֮ǰ˵ʦͬ£ûţ˵ǰλʦ֮Աǣ˿̲֪
ģ
λ£˾ĳǿǰ
ǰһԶҫ۵Ǹ
Ҳ彩ӲƬ̣Ц⡣
Դʶʼλһֱ˵Ŀ⣬ΪΪﵽ־磬Ѿ͵ˣû뵽ǰһûκκαװ

˵ľηᡣ
ϸԺµҹУȽȽչ⡣
ҫ۶Ŀ̴顣
ԭ׷ġ
һЦ̧ͷǰͷƺ֪ε׽٣أǰδС
˻
˺һУγ޴ı
ƣնⲻס
£ûֵܹҲС

סΪҪ
ɫû˿仯ͻȻڡ
ƣ
ա

ױ٣µĶɢδֹһ㡣
ƣҲһǳ֮лɢ»ָʡ
֮ǰɽ٣ҪʩչֶΣ˿̣Ȼһƽ⡣
磬ʦ½׳ƳأĿ£һԾϡ
Գ棬һԶ
ͻƹʥԽһַ򣬶˿̵˶ˣ糹֮ϣûκȱݡ
⣬У
ʥʧۻڹƲ񷣬أѹ˷
䣡
ҲѹƲסٽգ۹򣬾ʹӲླԲͻƵ˹ʥ
ʥһأѪڡڡڡ۷壡
ʥأӰټҳڡڡڡ۷壡
ʥأѪڡڡڡ۷壡
֮ǰγʥĻۣ˿ȫչֳ
ʮͻ󼶱𣬲ʥɹǴﵽ˵Ѫ۷壡
ȵĿʫӿ£
ʦδơ
ܵڽڿУ𣬸أ糬⣬ֺһȾ
˲֪ãܼžճ׻ָʣȻӿл
Ϊʦ


1910 ŵ
ͻƹʥһ̣ѾףȻݵʦ½֮ϣ֮ʦ
һһУһһԶӰ죬
Գ棬һԶ
Ϊ߳˿ʦĵ·Ӱ죬ѭ㼣һǰС
ϹʱڵĿʦӦҲﵽ־磬ӵ󱲲ʩչѪӹ
Цҡҡͷپᡣ
Լͺãαؼƽ̫ࡣ
ȭͷһڵ
ֻǵѪ磬龳ֵλ飬ٴγֵĻȫһָ
ѹΣһͻƣȻųĺô
꣡
󷭶һѿɻҽ
ղųʥеĹʥ֮ȫĸɾնɱλ顱ܵѪҺҲĴ˿̵ٴλָһ׵ľء
ǣ
ָһ㣬ԼŮԺͣЪһתǰʧ
ټˡ
ܵԺжĶ㲻ͣۿʱ
֪Էƽߣκλཻˡ
ʦ
ļСеˣȷ˿ݣҲͲסˢˢڵء
֮ʦɽٵķʽҲڲֻͬĴ˵롣

ɵͨ˿ڣͣһȦ΢΢һЦɣ
ʦ
šӱ֣ԬΡ·塢κ̡žʫŴ״ˢˢݵڸǰ
ڣ˾Ϊͽÿһżߵݣʦ½壬վ۷塣
һ֣ҿǵĽʵ
˫ֱ
ͣһ£ͬʱ˵ͷ

Χ
δ˸оΪԬΣҲζɽɣﵽӰټڣ˸ǿšʫ֣ˣȫﵽ˵Ѫ
֣ʱշġ顱УԿ⡣
ǵĹϣûκһ׾ٵĵ⡣
ֻҪԸ⣬һһԿǿӰץסټ
żѪѾûκô෴Ҫӿʱ䣬һ֮ɡ
ƣ
ȷ˵ʵԼΪ֪ûҪսȥʳָһ㡣

ͬʱˣһݷס
Ⱥ˵ǿսȺ壬һ𣬾Ȼʦһֵָס
ţ֣Сʫ
ЦЦ
ȺѧŬÿһ˶˲СĽҪ˵ģͽĿʫ
ΪӺûָ㣬뿪ˣҲ°ֻӵѪڣڣ۷嶼ûﵽ
ҡ
ʫ˵
ʦ˵Ĳʱ䣬ȷġ
֮ǰΪʦˣѪΪ԰š֣ˣԶԼ𽥳ԽѾףٺõ츳ȥŬͬҪˡ
οԼλʦó촫棡
ˣĸ򣬴ڸǣ٣Ϳˡ
ָһ㣬ͻƹʥɾ͹ʥĸ򣬴˵Ժ
Ϊﵽ־磬ٲҪְֽ
ʦţڸˡ
߶ԶԼʦֻ·
һ֮ǰŷɡ
ǿ϶Ҳûڵʵ
ܿ죬˽ʦڵ֪ʶɨһ飬һ˷ܡ
Щǽٶȱؽ죬ΪҲȹ̺͸
Ҫȥ龳ӡҲһɣ
֪򣬻Ҫʱ䣬ûôʱ˷ѣڵ
ͬʱͷ
һ˿龳ȥʮӣ˷ӡ·ĸ̨
޲֮ǰһû̫ı仯֮ǰˮδ͸¶
ѯ˼䣬֪뿪ڼ䣬û顱ٴγ֣˿
ӡĶϲԣвһˮǿԣܲգ
ָһ㣬ӡһĺڶһۻϢѹĸ̨֨ѽѽ졣
Ϊͻƹʥӵ˿ǿߵսҲ뿪ȥȥˡ
Ѱأͳһջ
ҪϲԣȾҪӦЩˮԼҪԣҲϣѧһ£ǰ
̣
ˮ䣬ѧһɫǺ죬ƺȫҪű
ʵ̫ˣǶﵽ˹ʥ𣬶ÿһվڴ½۷壬Щܲס
ʦЩգ
Щʧ֮ʱһ𣬼æתͷ漴ɫ糣
ˮʣδκų⡣


1911 ͻ
Ҫͣ£
֮䶯ŮȥˮʣΪۿɼٶƬ̹򣬾˺ܴ棡
ʮӲȻƽһй֮
ǡĺľ
Ȼ
飬Լöæµľ磬ˮߣܲסֱӱѣǣ⡣
֪ǺƷôص࣬û˿Ҫļ
ˣԱ˵ԵĶ˵ȻܿΪþԽ
ʦҸоȥɳվ
һᣬͣںڵ˫Уż
ŬʵȻﵽ˵Ѫ۷壬־Ǵﵽʵǵ۷һ㣬ôŬû취һ
˿̣Ȼ֣ʱͻ֮Уš
ԭˡ
û˵ȴͬһ㣬׹
ʦ½ˮȣ̫࣬վϣţͨˮˮʯĹ򣬷򣬲羪κˣ൱ײȻ򵥲١
Ҫһͷ
ѹִѷˣﵽվ磬Դˮϣ
ֻҪʦ½߿գȫͻϣ߾硣
գԣ
Ը
˵ͷҲ˵תˮ
ˣֳ˼Σֵȷ޷λʦһգֻͣһĽΧܡ
֪һһϦ飬Ҳȥߣ֮ͼݣͣ۲죬ųκ⡣
Ļʵ棬̰ðΪֱ߽칦򣬾ʹﵽٽ㣬վ磬ͣζʱȥ

ֲ֪˶ã㣬Ůüһһȡ
ը죬ӱ㣬꣡һ޵еϢҡֱϣԽԽǿ
ˮӿڣ꣬ʿԭͺƯŮٴɱ䣬ղɷ˫ȣǼӳĳħһ㣬塢֡
˿̵ͣȻͲαװмơ
ɱ䣬ϫϢҲøǿ󣬺ܿ͸һ֣顱֮У粻硣
¡
ΪͻƵ˲䣬лӿ˹Ҳڲͣζ·ҪǰŮųȥ
ˮͻƵţˮαͣҲʦ½޷ںϡ
ѹΪ
æԸ
Ҳ֪ⱻų⣬пܣᱻΧһתոͻƵΪͱӡ˿±˵Ѫ

ȻΪһͣɢֿռųУҲʧ
湻Ӳġ
ЦҡҡͷΡ
ͻգ͸ų⣬ϲͬǿߣû˿Щġû뵽ʦ½ҲֻǸɾ۸Լˣ˫깷
㵱ǲҲֻѹΪſڴ½棿
ѯʡ
˵Ҳﵽվ磬ҲνʹǿߣôǿѹƵĿʦǱмβ䡣
ţ˵˵ͷй¶ΪͻƵգҲֻǳڣͼˣҵоϲԣе֮ʣпٴξֻһ֮Уֱ
޷
һ£ԶŮѯʳ
Ÿһᣬҡҡͷ׼ȷĻش𣺡ʦﵽճڣȷǼޣ˿Ļʦ½ųһԭ򣬸Ҫǣﵽ˾ͷû취ɸˮ
ô󣬶ˮӿͬʵ
ҪˮΨһķǽˮ¿ڣԽ󣬷ŵˮȻҲԽࡣ
Ȼλ
׹
ΪˮԲͣپﵽʵڿʵ̫ˡ
ҪףʦҲͲ뿪磬ϲˡ
ԣܲգ
ˮ˽ԽԽ࣬˼ٴζ
֮ǰգΪûͻƹʥΪ˸ĽսͻƺŶֻǿ᲻ҲӦܹ˳ˣ
ϾľҲĹţӺ
뵽⣬û˿ԥ۾Ҳ


1912 Ҫ
̣
ӿѨ뾭
꣡꣡
ڵľעˮٴγѺۣ˱óޱȣæ޸ɫԽԽ죬Ƭ̺ͫһѪ
С
εҡҡͷͣ
ΪΪѾڿ
ǿգ᳹ѣ˵ˣ궼ܻᱻѹ޷ױ
ϧûˡ
Ρ
ҪǶУԽһ¾磬ԼҲӦϧѳꡣ
ԣˣʮ֮գĺҲû
ͻȻһ
ʥʵ飬ʮͷˣͷĺˣûľͬҲɹˡ
᲻ᣬıɱ¾֮ϸĺľЧһЩ
ԣ
˿ҲûԽ뵽һתɱ¾֮Ѩӿ˲ɱһͷߣϡ
ٴδѨա
̣
ٴνڣû֮ǰôأһ֮С
Ȼˡ
ȭͷһǼ
Ȼ֮ʣŨɱ¾ľδĹľ磬ͬա
ͬ͡顱սʱֻʣ¹ǼܣϢʱ򣬳׽ĵĸӷϴ
ˮȻޱȵ˳
һᣬȻһҲܵϵ
ͻƣ
ϢȫͼеĴڣʱӿ죬ˮĽӿڡ
šʫȫһˢˢˡ
ʦɢϢܹˣֻǡٶδ̫˰ɣ
͵̨ܶܲסֱӱѹķ顣
˴ļӳ֣ٶȼ죬ˣҲӽһʱ䣬ų׸ڵΪ̵ٽ㡣
¡
ְըһһﵽճڡ
ﵽ־󣬺˵һն٣޷ٽֺ;ﵽ˱״̬һ޷ˡ
ϧ
ҡҡͷվ
ΪˮҲ˸̵˽⡣
ľ̫ȷ޷Ӧ
˲⾭ͼӸҲʮ㣬ܹҲȻˡ
ʦǡɲ
ʦʦ˫˫ͻƵգ֣ʫˣҲͲסеĻȡ
ܹգǲǴԼҲɣ
ʱУҡͷ
ųɹΪΪ顱ϢûⶫɹǼһͲ֪ҪѶʱָܻ˵ûľͼˡ
ûֻҪɹûôס
¶ʧ֮ɫ
ȷӰټ֣רʵ飬ţÿһܹɹʫЦŽ͡
Ҫ˵˽⣬龳ǿߡ
汲ػӡͽ˽⵽˹衣
ôྪž֮޷ΪԼֻӴĹܹͬɡ
Ȼûɹʱƣܹʱ䣬ҲԽԽˣ
һ㶡
ǣҿǰļأʱͨˣֲͻᾭ飬ڵˣûҲܼʮϣ
ʫͷ
üҿ
ͨ˵ĻӦͬģѲΪˣѿǿ󣬳Ҳǿˣ
ʶӶ£գ۹˴һƬ˲龳ͨˡ
ǵʲǿˣ羹ȻҲʦ½ˣвͬ
һᣬǾȡ
֮ǰЩˣδ⣬˿רŹ۲죬ȻֲԾ
龳壬ʸģܴﵽʦ羹ȻҲ˱仯ƣȻûг׸ı䣬ȴҲʦ½ͨˣ˺ܴ
ѹֵܹʱ
취ı䡭֣˵ľǻ᲻ҲɹͻƵգ
һ뷨ð˳
Ȼʵǿ뾭ͼأ취ĶԷ磬Ӧûʵı仯ɹͻơ
ֻǡ
ľǣѪ⣬֣ˣһȥҪĻָĹʥ֮ҲҪﵽ֮ޣòġ
ңһ壬أ
ʫʥǡģʵ


1913 ϲ
͡顱սʥ˱ɹǼܣĴ뿪ǰۼʫ⣬ʱѣӦò
ʫͷڳ˯
ȥתһץˮ£ģԸ
ʫǰ·ʱ䲻һܱյĿռ䣬ǼܲԲ̨ϣ·ֱѻԴԴṩøά
Ȼӣȴӻڣܹ֮꣬
ʥǼܸǰָһ⿪Բ̨ϵķӡǰߵĹǼת
ʦ
Ǽܹ
ҵһ˿֢ķΪûɹʵʧܣֱܻǰҪҪһ£ûκˮֱӵ
Ҫԣʥͷ
ô꣬ѽ֮⡣
ǾͺãһתĹڿʼڻָʱ򣬰ͼ²þ
ָһ㣬תĹ͵γɵľͼʥԺ
ӣѧ᲻ѣʮӺʥѾ⣬Ȼ֣ʦẦһչݣʼת
̣
ָһղץȡˮͷųܡ
ʥĹǼܣǽţûᣬһҧնԷתʽţ᲻ᱻѹ˭֪ʱ䲻¶ֵı顣
ʦĹˮ޷˺һĸоͣգʱȻ׻ָ
Ϊı䣬ҲʱʱɢһŨɱ¾֮ԶԶȥһͷˡ
ܺãԳգ
Էɹ۾Ź⣬Ը
ʥͷա
ıŻ۵ĸӻ񣬲һʱȻҲͻƳɹﵽ˹ʥأٴӡ
֮ǰ֮Σ׽
лʦ
ܵʥǼҲͲסݵڵء
Ϊˣɣζû뵽Ȼصķʽͻ֮ǰΪﵽľ硣
ˮ̫ǿˣսڣӿ죬ָٶȣҲҪȹʥ֮졭
Լе뷨׼ȷ˿
ʥ˿̵ʥ֮㣬Ҳֲ׻ָ
ˮͲͬˡ
أ̺ҲֻҪܹգصˣҲָܺܿ
ȷ˿ԣپᣬֽʣ¼˻ѣ̨ͬĲ裬û̫ãλʱĹʥ󲿷ֶһվǿߡ
ȻҲ⣬λʥʱ򣬳˴󣬱صѹĹǼѣ
ʵ飬֪·Уٻ͵һġ
ְλӣͬʱѪ磬ڵľѾ顣
Բܳˣûѣ
ղӡԺ
֣ˣʶʥ˵ɱ䣬֪ôټǶ򹦷ʮϤûתһӴ֡
ʫһ׻ָͻƵա
֣κ̡·塢ӱ
ΪžҲɹͻƵվ磡
ֱ˿̣ͬŴӣ˹ʥسڵĳǿߡ
ʦ
˳ɹһǼ
ʦû飬ʦȻˡ
Ҵ㴩ӡϲԣܻᾭΣգһȱæȥʦ½ȺҵϢ
ټڸǰԼľ˵˳
⼸һֱ˼úȥδӡ
óۣҲ뿪ȥνϲԿˣ
ҪѰأͱ·
ʦҪһ𡭡
ǰһ
ǰжΣգʦģǾģ
֣Ҳͷ
λӣȻû˵ȴһŲݾܾļᶨ
һ·ڵĳɾͣȫʦʦҪΣգôܰĴȥ
ǵ֪ϲԵδ֪˵ʦ½ҲҪأģҸͨǱߵ취ļ룬֪ͨǣ
֪ѧ뷨ЦЦ
ϲԸƣһˣΣգʲôӦôѧûôˡ
οЩӣϵΣҲ˵߾ߵġ
Ϊ֮ʣոȶʱ뿪Ūֻңٴνв
ǡʦأ
֪ʦѾûܹģɫȫ¶֮顣
֣ǹˮ˿ҲͻƵվ磬ھʹ͸㣬뿪󣬲֪Щνġ顯᲻ϣֱܱģ壡
һǹ˹ȥ
ϲͨΪϵıͬռָЯ˵Ϊﵽ־磬ǹȻˡ
ӱó飬Ҫ̣Դʹ㣬İΣʵ
һԴڸǰ
שģļһʱ䣬ˮûͻգҲˣȻЯǰ˼ϸŮ
ϵбһһȡˣ˿
ŴӶﵽգټЩİС顱ӦҲӦæҡ
ںˣ֮УԷŻͼݣԺټһǵʦɵûԼԼһΪһ鷳ˣԣδ¡
и«ڵȡͬڡ
ڷĻܣͼеĴڡ
ǸĿռ䣬һ걾ͬȻҲɽ롣
һ׼׵ƿµķӡһݣֱ˽ȥ
֮ǰӡˮ궼мǿѹȣ˿̣ͻƵգټô࣬õ죬ٴνӴǵû˲ʣ󺣵ĸо
꣡꣡
ӡڲһڵѺۣռ籩һϯ
ҿﵽգ򣬻ûԶͻᱻ񱩵Ŀռ䣬˺ɷĩ
ǰһξ룬ء
Ŀռ籩ʦ½ǿ̫ˡ
˵Ѫͨգܶܲסֱ˺ѡ
ۻ룬սԶʵ𣬷򣬿Ҳⲻס
ˣȫɱռѺ˺ѪƲᡣ
ͨû·Ŀռ䣬ͼݣԷֱȫ·ڶ֮У׻ᷢʲô˭Ҳ֪ˡ
¡¡
ǰ˰£һ޴ǰȥ·׷
ڿιȥһǰһڣʱ˹ȥ


ʮ ƽ


1914 붼ô̼
ͷѣת
۴Ǹķ䡣
ҵʵ
𣬵ͷһۣϰɴʹһ֪ƲᣬҪתȴٵĿ
ˮ
ϸ۲죬ֽޱȣתһ˿ѡ
֮ǰˮ֮ɱԼʵ൱ڰŨתϡ˿̣֪ιʣۻ纣ʧֻһЩˮ
ǺˣڵҪ˵ָˡ
ҽϲԵͨ赲Ȼ󡭡ʧȥ֪
һƬ֮ǰľԺͫһѵѾϲԣ
ӦڿռͨǣȴڷҲϣѲɡѾͨ˳νϲԣ
һʶҪӣ鲻Խһ顣
֮ǰʶȻڣӲȥ
ǿĿռѹȣ
üҲ֪Ӧõϲˣʶ޷ӣҲܵԼ޴Ŀռѹ£·άϵ˵

һ죬Ȼˡ
ԴΪṩԲԷҪǵһθе˼ƺ壬ҪͿˡ
ʶ޷ӣĸӦܹȻˮ飬֮ǰ龳̨ЩŨʮֹ
Ҫգָƣʱеɫһ죬һѪ˳
Ƭ̺̲סҡͷ
û˵ʱˮƾʵԿ⣬˿ȫûһõģҲѺۣһվͳܲס˵תϢˡ
ֻܵƺһЩ˵ˡ
֪żҲûãƽ̬
Ϊˣ丵βʣյʵʩչ˿ͨû̫
ҵԵġ
оԽԽվӣ߳䡣

ƿţ漴Ժһ̧ۿȥ漴һֳ꣬һʩչ
ͬľͷһ㽩ӲҲ֪˻Ǳˣʮ鷳ûκλڣеĽȴͣɣһĿ֮С
ԣЩ
һۣü
ԷĽһʦԶԶȷô˲£㣬Ѿܲˡ
̾Ϣ̲סŪЩ죬ͣæתͷɫһϲˣ
һתͷò
ʮ꣬ͷߣһͷ룬ǰĻܻһߵϣһɺɫ̥ǣƴСͲһ롣
ԶԶȥǵӢϹϵЩҲ̶á
л֮
ȭ
ûʲôҲпŽȻΪôأɣû뵽ȻԼָˡ
ͷ˵̫ᣬһ֪ó˽Ӵ
ү
һߣ˽ſڵһ£漴λӣˣ
ͷ
ϸߣ·ۣ˺ѳһӣѪĺۼҲ࣬һ֪ձŹһ١
ϣôˣ
ү½꣬⸱ģɫһ䣬æս˹ǵġ
үû¡
ɫΣ֪λش𣬹Ƭ̣ǡĶСˣ
Ѧˣ
λС㣬½۾һдһ˿
ǡ
ү˱飬ɫΡ
ʲôϵ
˹½ʶ˲Ծ
󣬲ƽ۵𣿡Ͼһ£һҧѦٶС㣬̳Ĺϵǰõ˵
õ
½ɫһϲǡǺ£
δ䣬ͷһۣԼ½ţɫʱҡ϶ûϣˡ
õ϶ҪȥƽڣѵǹҸģ
ҡҡͷеĲ׿½ʵ

ƺ֪λشͣƬ̣ٴҧ˻ģ
˻飿
½꣬ɫһ±ɷޱȣζһ£ˤΪƽ۵ӣҪ˻飿
Ů˻飬Ǽ¡
֮ŮƲδǰ˻飬ܷ꣬ͼǿʮӶʮ
˵ĶԻڶУüëһ
һϲԾ¡
붼Ĵ̼


1915 
ˣ
Ƭ̺½ҡҡͷɫ͸¶ŨŨʧ䣺ҵȷ䲻˻飬ֻǳˡ
νĻԼǵ汲ãָΪ飬ҵ䣬ΪˣϢƻ޷ȷϵҽβã˾
οòͶԷȷ䡣
˻飬ѡ
̾ϢУת߽䣬Ƭ̺һУ˹
ǵĻԼ飬øɣӽ쿪ʼ޹ϵҲϣܹҵԼġ
ү
ɫǺ죬ҧ촽ʺ죬Ҫ˵ʲôͣ˵ͷǣ
ˡ
գ۾
Ϊһŭ֮£ĳַͼǿĴϷû뵽λүֱӽ˻ءԷ̤ΪԹߣЩȥ
һ͵˵ϲԻҪ˵Щʲôͣ
ŻԼת뿪
𳤽үǷŭ͵ն䣬ԶʯһζһѺۡ
ʩչҲʵʥأ
ʮʥأʦ½еţλүӣӦڷϲһ
һ½еƵõйƺһЩԶվһԼµ꣬ɫһ죺ʵڲ˼Լ£Цˡˣһ̨֪
ҩޣҽ
ͷ
ԭ֡½꣬µ죬ǵҵү
֣˵ͷдɻ֮ɫղ˵ƽ󡭡ѵǸţ
ֲ֪ƽ󣿡
ѯʣһ㶣ڵõԷ׼ȷ𸴺Цֲߣ֪Ҳ½˵Ǳ磡һţƽ֮һÿ궼ҪУ³Ϊһ۵ӣļҲƽƣΪһǿ
λ֡ȻʱһϢ˿첻ĲӦͨˣߡ
ߣ֪ţ֡
šûʦã
ü
ʦãʲô
ҡҡͷ¶ɻ
˵˵ԷĿӦûУ˵½Ϊ𣿡
ţ⣬һͨǧǰճ֣һλǿ߳ƿšͨ½ϵߣҪΪǿߣҪһԴҪⶫ
ͨ
ţÿһУƾͨⶫֻҪӴܹ˵ʶУеġͨףֻҪӵ㹻ۣѧϰҩģ취ɱֻ֡ҪҪģӦоУŵˣҲʹã
ʶǺ棺֪ⶫ
ʵû츳δޣֱ˻顭ʸӵⶫ
Ρ
³çˡȭ⣬ѯ˼䡣
ԺӦ˺ѿռ䣬ڵΪ˱ԼĴ
λүȻԴǣҲЩԱĵȴʮ˵ԼĲ̣;˻ϰ֮ǰλϡ
ӾȻڣѾ졣
½ʵλڵĵңʮǰԻһʱҪ̣ϧʮǰһ¹ʺ󣬼ǿ߼λ磬Ҳˡ
Ҳ˵˸ģ
ҵ䣬ż֮ǰõ׷׵꣬ټļ壬ûͳױڵĵңūףϣʲôûˡ
ǧĶĸۡҲֻʣԺԺ䣬ٹⲻǰ
ҪΪͳлԼڣطҲʣ¡
λС˻飬ò˶ãǰĳңٴʱ׶֮أȫޡ
ԭˡ
ҡͷ
κεطκûǿʵػ˥ǱȻġ
֣ڵҲˣţƽ۵ӣƴһѣڿȫûϣڼѦ˻顭϶Ҳס˼ˣ
Цҡͷ
˵ĺ統ңΪô꣬ů
ּȻѾѹץʱ뿪ɣܵۡ
˵굥¶ȡöƵĽҵ˹ͨͨͨңȻЩȴҲϼٷڶӡ
ˡ
⸱Լ̾һ̲ס˹֣ɷĽʩչһΣҿ


1916 
ʩչ
û뵽λ֣Ҫ󣬵ǲ⡣
һģʩչҲ
ҸղſֵĽޣ㲻ǰٹ۲һ£ҳ취ʱ䣬лĻΪƽĵӣҲûϣ
ЦЦ
ղŶԷʩչƾȻһЩ⣬öԷʩչԣͼϲԣܲá
֡ýü
Զһ
ͷ
Ǻãƽӣû
ԼһۣҡҡͷֶĽһ£ǿԣԴ޷󣬶Լδ˽
ΪԱ޷νĽֻǲδչʾ˵ˡ
ȻǰλĽһ£Ҳûʲô

һǰȥ
ˣ
Ժһһ鼮֡
鼮еݣ˿
ϲԣͼҲãӦú֮ǰ²һؽкǰ˺ܴĽϲҲѹ
湻Цģ죬Ҳôţ룬ƽܹΪӲɣ
˼һЦ𣬽Ӱ˽
һǸʮ塢Ůһɫĳȹ¶ŨŨĽ°΢΢繫ղŵĻǴ
Ǹʮˣһ£üëڣϵűûǰ͸һֽѹ֮С
ү
ϼҴҴӺܹھκͲʣס
ͣ³쿴ǰŮһ촽ЩͣѦѦ٣
ˣ
¶һ˿֮ɫŮ˰֣ô֪ҹ˼ԼΪɸˣѻԼùŪȥ
Ҫ˻飬ҰѻԼˡ
ɫǺ졣
ôܼ򵥣Ҫȫǹ䲻ңҪ˻飬ҳƴȻŽԼȻֱӽԼȡˣѦٲ޸㣿˴ļ𣿡
һѦٵ
֪Ϊƽĵӣźǰλ˻飬ȻۣΪԷ˻飬ͱסˣûһ覴á
ݡ
һ̲סҡͷ
˻ͺˣ˻ԼУҪȫǹؼҪ˻飬뵱ˣ
ֱǵӻҪƷ
ݷףȭͷ
һ¾ͨΪˣȻףŨŨУӿȫ
裡
һҿ֣

ˣιǺ飬ڣͨȫǣи򣬺Ը
û˵ˣɫĮĿ˹
˭
쿴˵ͷǡ
ǶСĽʦѦ˵
Ѧ֪㡭
ƺ֣¶Գı飺óĽܽϰ˵ȷзֻǣ֪νĺʲô
λѦǳܽϰһλʥصǿߣ
ӦҲܼ򵥣
Ѧޱ飺Щ꣬˲٣ûкͳ㱾ǷϲӦˡ
첻˵
Է˵Ĳ
Ϊ޷ֺͳлԼϵܻڣ
֮ǰˣ϶ͳΪƽˡ
ֻҪЩˣҪ֣ƾһһܹͣסѦ
첻ͣɱڣѵͲڿڣ
ڿڣ
ѦƤһ̧󣬳ʹǱȻС㣬ʹ޺ö죬ĵ뿪˵أƽ󡭡
֨֨
Ҫը˵
֪һˣǵûܵˣø壬λѦС㣬Ҳܵء
ƽ۵ˣȻ˻飬ʹ࡭
ããҡӦ
ָָؽڣѩ֮ɫ쾡ĲʣȴҲûκΰ취
ǿʳ淨
⻹࣡ͬ⣬Ѧĵ˵ͷһ֣Ѧӻȡһ˹˻Եɺ͹棬ǩ֣ڵ˾ͻȫ֪Ҫȥ˵
ӹ飬쿴ȥ
ʮּ򵥣˵ˣ޷޷£ʮķˣ뵢ԷʴƵԼ£Ϊ˵Σ꣬һֱͬ⣬ų²ߣǰ֪ȫǣ
£
ʮˣ
ǿҵ裬õһΣѪҺ˲ԺҪը


1917 ã
潫ݹ淢ȥϽ᳹ʧȥ޷Ŀܣ֪ܵٳЦµҲɥʧĸɸɾ
ֱڽˣͣĳûһ˿档
ǩְɣ
ŮĮ
ү㲻ǩһǩˣǵң̧ͷҲ֣ϿŹڲԶ
ˣ俴һӵļߣ
ҡ
Ǳ
γ֪ǩ֮󣬻ᾭʲôɲǩԷɻ˻飬ҡ
Ȼ·ߡ
֪Ǻãһǰʱһ
治ǩǩǡ
תͷŷ֣ǰһľЩƵ꣬бűϣһЦĿ
꣬ûʲôΪȴźη֮ɫ·ǰģֻǼС¡
ʲôˣ²ؼùסͣСĻӿ룡üѦ
ʱ֦ȻҲ廰ֱӳֽѵˡ
Цֻǵ־µһСѣԣµһǩˣԺڣ̲סѣ
֡
¶м֮ɫ
֪Էʱ˵ȻλѦŪþͻɱ֮
֪ڣȻڰ
ڣôѵãС㻹ߵһ𣿡ѦЦˣҲգԼʲôУ⣡
Ȼ߲һ𣡡
ԶԷķ̣ɫģλС㣬ԡ䲻ϵ֣ߵһǶ裡
˵ʲô
ǰ䣬һʶȤ䣬Ѧ۾͸¶ŨŨɱ⡣
㲻ţ
ŵĻǿ
ҪӣûãΪԷ˵ʲô䣬ѦЦǩڣ˵ϣûˣ
û˾ûˡزں

һ㶡
Լµλ֣ɶûˣûˣںĿҡ
ľ
ȥλ֪ðļһѦ죬ϻһֻ˳ӡ
ֵľҵġ
ҧ
Ȼ֪λΪʲô˵˿Ѿû·
ǩˣΪˣˣҲ޷ϴˢǩ˵һûʲô˵ġ
ڵ龰Ҳ˺ö١
ܺãй˵⻰Ѧһ˦䣬תͷԶŮȭС㣬߰ɣ
̬ȼ֪û취ģŮѦĮߣʱң
˵꣬һתתߣûһۣͺһۣԼһ
ܿ߳Ժ䡣
ʦ
Ůٴοǰˡ
һܣû˸Ѧߣİɣõ죬һļѣܰ˵ɣ
ԷĻѦ˿Ҷйٻû뵽˲ʶ̧٣ˣûʲô˵ģ
Ժӣһգ۹ʧԭأټ

үУ뿪ɡ
ߺԺгĬһᣬ̲ס˹
֪Ѧ˵ģܾԷп˹Ͼɱ
һܱ֤˿ۼ
ƿһǣЩ꣬ȻΪҵˣ鶼֪ĺҵһĹ
Ȼˣһ֮ԽԶԽá
뿪ڻߵˣ
Ц
λСԹ˻飬˵Ѿͼذˣô뿪
ԼûˣҪĽûõˣѲɣҪλС㣬
֡
ҡҡͷûκΰ취ֻתͷȲԶµλꡣ
ȻԷҿڣ˵족֮ĻѾ˰취
Ҿ㣬벻ǩ
δش𣬶ǵ
Ȼ롭ҡͷҪǩˣҾڡ
涼ˣҲ
㣬³Կ𣿡
ʵ
£Եʲô䲻֪ԷΪλʣ컹ʵش
뱨յ𣿡
Ȼ뱨裬뱨Ӹĸ裬ǡ
Լȣ첻ͣ
Ѫβ뱨
ȡΪˣ޷˵ٶҲá
Ҫǻǰһõ˹Ӳд
Ȼ룬ǡ
ͰΪʦɣ
ʦ
λ֡ӻ᲻ΪŪˣ
ɶʵûУҰʦܽʲô
ղĵ˵ٿѵָľ
һ飬ãˡ


1918 Ƴ
ãһҲǳ鴤ҲͲסŹӡ֣
ѾͷˣڿЦ֪˲ףͲүˣ
˵ı飬֪Է϶ǲţ˫ֱҪʾȣ˺˿ڣ̲סһ飬ˤڵء
ֹͣ˶ǿסʹھΪСʱˣ޷תҲܵƻסԣ޷֪˵ĶԷ񣿡
ͷ
ܱ꣬ʣ飬һֱڣ޷ָԣȻÿʵϣûκγֻǻڵļٰʽˡ
˲֪ҽ˵û취ҽΣö֮ѳϰߡ
֪͵Ǳʲôˣʵ
һ壬ܻѾˡ
ЩΣڵ׷ʲô֪һ

ҡͷֻÿ춼ϣһ죬ܹڵô꣬Ϊû˿ı䣿
˵
ʵҲֵġ
ʮָҽˣҩҩġҩԡֶ˲֪٣û˿ôͺһ㣬Уɢ޷
ղҽĻƻĻƣӦÿ޸˿ûЧúܶˣò˼顣
룬ʲôƻ˾͵ֲӰ죿
ĬƬ̣쿴
ˣ˲һӰ춼ûУԷνĲ£Ǽٵģÿϣһ죬䲻
ǹƳ棡㱻ֶŵκҩã
Ƴ棿첻ţ˼ڵӣţ
šЩ겻ͣգȻʮǿ󣡡
ͨͼݣѾ˶Է֢ĸԭ
˵˸Ǳ˹Ƴ棬ͷƳ棬ͣʳŵ£ʮδд繦
ĹƳ桭
һ϶һۣкȻ
ǰλ˵ʵ̫㤣ǲš
ھȻйƳ棬Ҵʮꡭôҽûǰλôģ
֪㲻ţ֤
˵ı֪϶ţЦЦ֪֮Ķ
У
ϵͷת߽䣬ʱ䲻ȡһ롣
òҽүĲƣЩĶҵ
ţڣͰ㽫ץ
һЦһ룬ָһ
壡
ھ׵ĵϡ
ȿȣû㿿һЩ
ܼžһ㣬Ρ
ϰ߸룬˿ʹã˿̵ͷûʲô
ã
Ȼǰλ̫ףһ£˹
ˣҽɡ
ٴȡһ룬һͼݼصλã͵˹ȥ

һ顣
û뾹ȻûƶԷƤ
쾡޷ΪҲʥأ˳ܵˮѾıȸҪӲ״̴ġ
鷳æ
תͷ
һ˹ָһ㣬һ룬գ۹ϸ룬ñֱಣһ£˵ڡ
أ
ǰ룬ͷ֣ⶫԸٶȣ˳ֱӲǽϣʧ
ͬʱ۾Բǰߣǲ˼顣
Ϊߣ֪Լûκȴôٶȷɳѵڣ
ӦøܵˣǹƳ潫뵹ƶ͡
ڵɱƳ϶ˣƳ淴һΣҲöԷܵⶫĴڡ
йƳ棿
˵
Ҫ˵֮ǰһ㶼ţ˿̣Щҡˡ
˵ûʩչʩչҲܽϸ룬ұ֮Уۼ¡
ղŵһ̣û˵ֺȴڷλã⣬ⶫһµļ԰ƶʱе˵ȣҲܵõ⣡
ȻֻǶݵģͣǰһûκθı䣬Ψһķ취ɱ
⡭
Щţʱ䲻۾̵Բһı顣
ΪںͶԷ˵һȻܵţһֱľȣҲ˸о
̲סǰ˼Ȼһû˿ϰ
ָֻоֻάʮͣٴαúľͷһ
ΣӦ˰ɡ
⸱飬֪Լû˿һЦ
ͽݼʦ
޳ɣݵڵء
ôҽûκЧǰλֻһۣûҳ֢ڣһж˵һģһƾ㣬֪дˡ
ɣ
Էʽйʦ
նԷΪͽҲǱ˾֮
ʦ֪ͷƳ棬ν
ʦϣ쿴˹
֮ǰ֪ʲô˿֪ھȻһӣҲܲסĻܻʳѰ
ֻҪƻָס

ˣӿԷڣνĹƳ棬Լֲһڣʩչ֪ⶫڵλãҲɱ
ؼԷ܇NɪĽֱսĵߡ
ָƣ
һ£򵥣вҩʹõģֻûѣʹãڸպ̷ֻҪڻӦò˶ãָܻ룡
ҩҩ̫ͣѾͷõĻʵ䷴㹻æҩ
޷ԣһֱûȥ
ٴν뷿䣬ܿȡһƿοʱһŨҩ㣬Ʈ˹
Ǹ˼˵ҩ
ӹſȥƬ̺̲סҡͷҩûá
˿̿ûʵʵȴǹʥյǿߣ˼ҩʥأʥҩ˵Ѿûκôˡ
ûã
ȡ˼õҩû̫İ
ʲô͵̳ܹ˵ҩҩĵģü
̳У۵ҩĺ͵ҩ𶼲ߣЩҩǴġͷ
ЩҩǰλһôûУٶ࣬Ҳá
и߼ĵҩ
ʵ
Ʋָ޷ԷƣƲã˵ֲ죬ܲܶɹ˵
߹ߵҩǽֻͨҪ׳ɹƷܿͻ͹ᵢá
ͨͣһ£ҵⶫߣĵ


1919 벻
ǽϲԺ󣬵ڶֶ
ȻԹ㹻ĵҩͱҵƺϵơ
ֻҪȶͿտɱǰλϵָ㽣ڵľ档
ǣΪ̫СûʸͨҲûطۡԣǲ򵽵ģ
ס
򲻵ʲô
ûõ
еСֻ̫ˣУճʱΪ⣬ʮ⣬ǰƷͬѵһͨǰľŵѾһΪ̫ѣô꣬ȥˣˣ
ҿ
˵ʵͨҪĻһףҲòǮ
⣬ܵõ˵Ϊá
֪û취ֻõͷͬ⡣
ڵ̫أ·ѣֻ
˴Լһʱһߴ̳ǰڵĲ£ܿ˺лشĵط
Ȼѻ˲ˡ
ܹѵõͨԲ˵мջ
ִˡ
¶ʮˣûһγɹǱˡ
Ҷҵˣ˵ң㲻Ĵࣿ
Ҫ׽Щ꣬ˡ

ܿ죬ҡͷһʧ䡣
͵ǽЩƣ⣬õӦб׼ȷǷȷˣ˲ǰ
·ϣͨ͵콻Ҳ֪ͨÿһö۸񲻷ƣǹʥǿߣҪ򣬶
ݶԷ۸֮ߣ㽫֮ǰĿռָĶȫۣҲδһö
ȻͨҲϲ˸ʶ
ϲԵΪһͽӴˮһʸǿԶʦ½࣬ǿߡ
ǰһӵʥʵʹﵽʥء
ϳ꣬ʥصģ˵עû̫ǰ;ˡ
֮ǰ鷳Ѧ٣޼Ȼﵽ˴ʥشԲһ֡
ǣֻǸĳУƽ󣬹ʥѾϾǿߣҲѦٵĸףѦҦųƵһˣҲֻһոմﵽʥճڡ
ԣһָʵڽֵܹ
ʲôĿôûа취
ҡҡͷЩϢ׳Ժ̧ͷԶǽڿ˹ȥ
ơ𣬷ú󶼻ͣ޷ơ
ܿ쿴ꡣ
Ŀܼ򵥣һĵҩе⡣
ԹǿߣرһҩܹԪʮ㡣
ҩＫѣɸҲԣ´ﵽ𣬷úһѻ޷йŮк𣬿һкмġ
ˣҩʦԽ⣬治֪ˣû˳ɹ

ݣҲü
ʦ½ֵҩĲδҩ
ԷƺҲײˣҩ̫⣬˾ĵԼƵֶΡ
ܿ콫Щ¼ͼݣһ鼮֡
ԭˡ
΢΢һЦ
ȻϲԺʦ½ĲҩͬķʽͷҲûпɱԣͼͬһ֮£ɾֱܷǰҩĺͲ֮У©ʹ
ʦ֪ô
һЦݣ档
о˲֪ãûѵʦֻһۣ˴𰸣
֪ˡȷ뷨
ǡôУ̲ס
ʵûеĸӣ֮УиƻݸҩģֻҪҩģĸݼɣ
ѹ͡
ĸݡǴԵҩܹƳɴԵס
ΪԵҩҩҲкоƻݸǰҩУȻ̫ۣȴҲֵҩĲȱٵƷôԵĸݴ桭ǵɵŪãὫոɾӶʧȥҩЧ
ĸݣȻǴԣҩ컨Ҷܹкͣҩԣ֮Уͻữȴҩ

䣬ʦ½һЩʦǾȻû˷ֻ֣Ϊߣְҵϣʦ½
ͺǰֵһᣬֻڿΣܽھֱ
ɾĻУֻ绰֮ĸǣϢϣʦ½˲֪ٱ
ҵר
ʦ½ʦְҵչ꣬Ѵﵽ죬Ȼϲⷽ棬ԶԶ硣
⡭
컹ǲ⣬ѯʣһȺˣ˽
˭ô
֮ǰΧһһλüͷһ塣
ꡭСƽι۵ӵλǿߣ˵ко
һ֪ߣæѹ
ƽǿߣ˵ɫ̰ˣһΣæȥÿλá
ƽżߵţ˸սϡ
תͷ˹
ǸĮ꣬һɫ·ʮġӣϵűת˫ĿУ˸һ˿âһɱ֮С
ȻΪȴ񣬺ȫʢһҲﵽ˹ʥվ硣
ʦ½֮ǰһλǿ߶ûУȴ㿴ϲԣȻ¡

ڸпͼһĵٴȭͷ۾죬˳Ŀ⿴ȥŷ֣֮ǰ˻λѦ٣ȻվȺ֮Уڻ
毺õĽڵɫĳȹ֮УĽײ¶⣬ͷ­΢΢ԺͰ
ܸƽǿ˵ѾȷݣǣҲ㳹׳ͷء
Ҳסôã
ͣסŲ۾ǽɨһۣһȥд𰸰ɣеƻݸĸݼɣ
ã
һ꣬˳æǽȥ
û뵽һҲһ¿ڣҺʦ˵һģһٹ˲ҵ˴𰸡
ղŻڻʦ˵ĶԲԣ˿λƽˣ˵϶ûκ⣬һöԷд˴𰸣öͨ͵ԷҲ޷õˡ
ˡ
ȥ;һʦס
̧ͷŷ֣ղŵ꣬Ѿдϣǽһ
ˣ
һɫĹâҫ
ˣ
ƽǿߣһ۾Ϳڣ
˵ǿߣվƶ˵ۼȻ鴫
ÿе˶٣֪ǣмͨΪ۵ӣоͻᣬΪţȻţ״
Ӧòᳬɣǰ

ͬʱȻ
סʮ⣬ȻԷ׽
ƽǿߣͬ졣
ϲλˣһ⣬ǽ
ܿ죬УһλԴֵ˾Цӯӯ˳˫һľУƽһöƴСơ
ַƣɢŨ
ͨ
һöҪʮͨң
Ⱳӹƶ𡭡

ȻϲߣⶫֻǿǶûмö˴δ
ޱ飬ָƣָתһ£ȷģĵ˵ͷָһѦٵģˡ
ɫһ죬ѦٺǼ١
ԷͶ󣬸Ҫôλݡ
ͨˣΪ۵ӣѾԹҫˣƷԻĽ
öͨѦټæлʦ֣
л꣬˵ϼ䣬ͻȻȺվŵĵ죬Ŀһǰ¶Ц⣬ѹôҲҪöͨϧѾҵˣҪ֪֮õĶҪ룬ֻʧ䣡
Ҫ˵֮ǰ˻ӰƽʦչˣٲȻﵽһΣǰһô׷Ҳﲻˣ
ˣʲôɹ˼ɵģ
ȻＸǳˣҲû˸ҽϢȥ
ЩɢޣֻҪ䣬ؿƿҶ˵ο󣬾㿴Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
㡭
彩Ӳ
ٴα衣
˭

֮ǰһͨѡѦ˻ף̬ȺͶԵȻͬ
߰ɣ
һתȥѦٽϡ
ʦԲ𡭡
Ƭ̣תʦһǸ⡣
ʦ˵ȷˣҪΪ˽ĺ棬ö϶Ѿ֡
־ͽôĶˣԹλδޣν۵ӣģûôʡ
ʲôƵģ΢΢һЦǰѧ벻
һ㶡
Էͽλǿߣƾǣγ


1920 ˣ
žͺã
ٴһЦҲֱ̧ͣͷǰλƽʦ֣
ǰĻüëһ壬ת
𣺡λʦ֣Ĵ𰸣ȷͨ뿪ʧʰɣ
̱ܵѹˢˢǼһı顣
λƽĸֱ֣˵ˡ

Ҳüͣ
죬͹ܺ˵͡
һѦɫࡣ
λľ֮ǰڵҷϻλԼûһʶû뵽˵
ˣǡʦһżƺЩ͡
ʦҲô˵һʱʲôʱ򣬶䵽ʲôèǵʦˣЦһѦǲм
˭ΪʦӦùܲŰɣѵ㻹δޣЦӯӯ
㡭
Ѧһ
ı飬Ŀһ俴ǰľ˵ҵĴ𰸲ȷ
ҲҴģˣⱻã
˵еޱĿ֪νȷɣ
ҪɣֻһλʦЩҩ룬ոĴ𰸣һ飬ɵ̷ͻ֪
㲻ŵĻβԣ
üҿһȦܵȻû˵ʲôȴһ¶ɻı飬ͣһ£һ֣ʦ
һ꣬ת˳ȥʱ䲻ͨˣλʦ˹
ողŵķưɣ
˷Ը
ʦܿ׼ҩģд˳һҩӵƻݸʱ򣬻ĸݡ
ҩһ뵤¯̷̡һλʦҲƿزס¯һһζը¯
ҿǰ˱ʩδ˵ˡ
ˣҲʮ־գŵȫ˵ǽߣһ֮ɫ
ڶλʦʵǿһЩסҩķӦʱ󣬵ҩ¯浴ŹâȻãɵﵽ
ܲ
ҩĵ˵ͷתԶһ꣺ƺǴҩ
ǣ
ſڽҩȥҩܿ컯λ̸˳֮ɫæϥ£תҪҩ⣬˭֪ԽѹƷԽգ۹ͷðɫ
ã۾ʼ죬Щֿס
ܲˡ
Ҳ̲סһݣ嵽ֵһλǰ־˺˹ȥ
˻
ﱻ˺һ飬ȥЩ飬һۣʱ赹ڵء
ƽĻ꣬ˡ
ǰλҩѾ˵ṩĵǵ޷е䱾˸ԿƵЧ
ҸĺҩȷЩ⣬ε֪ȷĴʲô
ɫѿ˹
˵ʵ⣬֮ǰ˵ˣרоãǱϣһ۾ͽ⡣
֮ǵˣȷһǿ
ֻû뵽ûȷ˵
ȻãȴҲܷŭ
Ȼֻˡ
ȷ𰸣ܼ򵥡ЦЦڵ˵һ䣬һֵĿȷûЦٴǰȥȡëʣܿд꣬ݽȥ
ͬҫ
ü˾ֱɣ
еĸ˾ȥŪк壿
ֱȷǴһ֪
ǣ
ʦһۣȷϣһε˵˸ղдĴ𰸣ƻݸĸݣ
⡭
ǲˣ
͡λֵĴһģһ
ܰһᣬʱȻ
۾ҲĿ͸¶ŨŨɷˣң
ĵ˵ԼĴˣҲͬĴ𰸣ʲô
˷ŭҲзΣ֪ʦ«ʲôҩ
ǿ߿Цǻ˵ģ
ˡҡͷ죺滹бע˵
Ŷŵͷĸݺ棬Ǳأ
Ǳأʲô˼
˶ЩˣҲЩ⡣
ѲɣĸݱغͷǱأ𲻳ɣ
Ȼ𣡡
ǹ̴ߣڴԣ취𵽸ȹ̵Ч£ƻݸĸݣȷʵطƵĵҩԽǽ˵
ǰ¯ǰָһ¸ղűըγɵҩһЦǡﲻУ
ǣֱͨغʵĲǵˮˮǸʵʵˮ
Χͬʱͷ
ǣȻغ뺣ͨеˮܹȣãˣ佻ͨȴʼշչƽͳεڣֻСǡ

ΪӶˮܵиأμɫֲҲη֡ԸղЩҩΪҿԿЩҩҩкβͬ
˵꣬ոҩָ
ˢˢȥȻָڵӡ棬һɫķĩȻ嵭Щ˶ʥϵĸ֣ɾͿԿ
ҲҩԱߣһ£ָȻҲ˰ɫķĩⴥһ£ŵζ
Σ
ŵĸ֮أϲϲ֦Ҷ֮У̺ԣҩеμһӴкͣƻ˱ԣǵкҩĿ֮Ϊʧȥƻݸøͣԣղλѣˣѡ񶼲ȥΪʵڵȲˣ
⡭
£
ܻȻ
ѣõôϸ
Ҳ̲סһ¡
ѵΪ
֮ǰʣµļҩĸǰָһ㣬һȼ̽ճɻҽͷȥ֮ǰһȷηֲ
֮κβأһζҩһˣܵ̽䣬ҩĻһȻ֪Щ򡢵¯ľַӦÿǽȥ˾Ǵˣ롭λʦּȻƽˣӦòϰɣ
Цӯӯĵ
ʹˣһϣ
֪û취粵һ˦䣬ߵ㣡
˵ҲѦٷӦһĵͶ˹
ҡ
ݳ鴤Ѧϻʹ
յõһʱ͡ˡ
Ҿȴ֮ˡ
װٴοһЦˣղ˵ҪģˣԱ⴦áûȷӦȴҲûȷȻǲΪԼЧ
ɫһ겢δش𣬶дɱ
û뵽ȻһСطļһˣ
ƺûԷŭһָԶѦҵĶԼܼ򵥣λѦ⼴ɣ
ʲô
Ѧɫ̱ˡ


1921 ĺ
汻ˣδ棡
Ѧټæתͷ꣺ʦ֣ǧҪһ˵ֻ˵˵ûƳɵҩδؾȷ𰸡
δ䣬͵ת֣Ƴ˹ȥ
žžž
ÿһ£쳹䣬ŮֵУԭƵƤɲǼ
𣿡
Щ˫ֱ俴
ʮ־ͨרżҩģüƣѾףԷ˵Ƿȷ
֪ˣٲϣĲˣƽ
⣬ֻ˵˵һŮӣûлԼûרܹ˻飬г𡭡ȻˣɣԼҲʵˣʦ֣롭

俴һۣٶ˵ת뿪ˢˢȥε꣬Ҳרűϡ
չʾһǵˣη壬û뵽
еŭȼա
ܿ߳Уתͷɫ׵Ů۾𣺡˭
ʦ֣Ĳʶһ£Ѧټæ
λ½꣡
ѦɫɷףæͣлԼָΪġ֮ʲôûУҲû棡
Ӧ֪ΪʲôΪ۵ӣ
ߣκα飺ŵӣֻעҪ˷ӣпɣΪӣΪ뽣Ƿˣ檵ģ
֪Ѧͷ­¡
֪ͺã
˰֣꣬תԶ̧˽ȥû˿𣺡鴦ãҪ󣡻иղλȫɴļһҽҪ֪ݣ½Ƴ·˵أҲϣֲҪıʣ
ǡ
ͷ­͵ǰѦٴҳ
գ
Զ
ѦŸеǺˮٴοǰĺУ¶ŨŨɱ
ȥʦͶ֣
ͬʱͷǣ

ллʦ
εѦ٣ıף˵֪ʦΪԼǸм
ȻѧȻί
΢΢һЦˣʦҸķ䣬öͨ
ǣ
˵ͷҵ֮ǰˣʱ䲻Ͱһ侲ҡ
뷿䣬һȦܶ󷨣ʮְĵ˵ͷȡġ
ʦ˵ͨҪضĲܽУҳ׼ҪѺܴۡ
컰δ䣬ͼʦ˼£漴ˣһҫҫ۵Ĺâ
׼
һѪӿ͹âһմ̱·գ۹ӡüġ
һ
֪ϢͨҪرĲ裬Ҫͨң֣û뵽ʦֻһ£ɼǰŪһ㡣
𾪣ϸܽüĵ·֪ûκΣ˿׷ɾ

һ̣ʶ뿪壬һĿռ䡣
⡭
ͷ˹ȥǰ壬õģֺʵģһ֮С
ӭͨ
֣һ

üͷһ壬һ
Ȼ
ǿʦ
ʦ
Ȼ֪ʦ϶ϲˣζû뵽ϲǿ֮һͨйأ
ѵͨǿʦ
˵ͨǼǧǰһλǿɡʦѾ뿪ʦ½ˡһ£üëͻȻһѵϲԵʱ٣ʦ½ͬ
ͻԣȻ飬δܹϲԵʵʱ١
˵ʱ٣ȷʦ½ȫͬ
Щ£Ժʣղŵٴ𣺡ҴͨֻΪܹõĽıòϢõı˷ֻ֣Ҫ㹻ۣͿѧϰҪõģ֪ʵݡ
ͨڣÿߣͬͬļ𣬲ڸߵ͹ƽȽƽȣҪĵλʵϵĲ࡭
Ҫ˵ֻЩȥȥҪƷɣ

ЩڣѾȷ
ֻпʦػؽƽȣ
ΪϲԣҵԷϢҪѲ֪ãû뵽һ֪ͨˡ
ǿѹסеļղſʦĻϸһ飬һһŹֵ뷨ͻأԺð˳
ƽȽʵⲻǡ߼ĺ𣿡


1922 
ǰġһ˾ɣһ꣬Ž˲֪ã֪ʵǸٽŴ󺺡
ͨǿƺͬԭ
УòӵкͱͬʵҲ͵ݣпܺã֪ԷŮǸ֣ͨˡ
Ҳãû˹ţҲܷŵĸǵʦⶫĿģ
ʦн࣬ϣԴһ츳Դͬ㲻
ʦã࣬£ʦãҲйڣ龳Ҳ֣ûܹƽȣϲԣͨֶͨ
ʧȥݣ֮ǰٹ⣬ӵƽȵݺȻҲԹƽ
һǰģȻ˱仯ͨȭͷһȭ
ͨй涨ʥһء
Ҳ˵ֻҪǿҲֻʩչ
Ӧһ£о⸱û̫ǰȥƬ̺һ޴Ĺǰ
ҫǣͨ
ҫǸǸպù
Ľܣһ£΢΢һЦ⻹Ǿ
ͨĵطܹͨûУҲֻܽһҫǡ
˽ȥӿ
ȻһÿȻò͸ͬȴȫȡ
ˣʵʵԶȴһ̸⡣
ѶϢٶҲӿ˲٣ϵǰϢըˡ
һᣬ֪ҪͨĹ̨ǰкԱ
˵ҩҪһö
֪λӣҪʲôҩԱǸͳһƷ꣬òΪӢȻӦòıòͺǰܶ˶ϲƬһλкɨĵƬͷһ
ܹ޸վƵģ
·רʹ죬ϲԣʥĸҲУҲͬڸ߼ûʸӴҲͲ֪ˡ
аľ
˵Žֵҩ˹
ƿһۣ̲סΪʦ̾
֪õģеҩҩһʵڵһ㡣
ֵҩ֮ǰδֶ֪ҵƣø󡭡
ϲԺʦ½Ͼ磬ҩϵҲͬҩδЧΣҲϸѯʣͻȻðһ뷨ָ̲סȥ
ȱݣ
׻ʹͼݣɲʹã
ˣ
һȻеԺлζ漴һ鼮֡
Ȼ
û뵽ã۾Ź⣬ͷȥ
ȻЩҩǼٵģͼݣƺܹӦͨеĻԶҩգ۹򣬱㽫ҩﱾȱݺͼд
ľ԰ľΪҪϣվƣм
ʥ֮ѪΪԭϣָָмЧ
˵껹ãѡɣ
ܿǰķԱ
ͨһö֪֧ͨ񿨣
Աһ΢Ц
򣿡
üëһ
һöͨҶûУͨʲôҲ֧
ѹӽʱ֪ͨҵĹֵĿǰסĸۡȫֵǧͨңȡöҩķ֮һ
ҪǮˡ
üģͷۡ
֮ǰʦ½ұһ塢һҪߣָֻǰ;Ρ
Ϊ˸ŵ˽⣬αװʦָ㡢βѲɣϲԣҪˣ
ҲҪαװһµݣ׬ȡͨң
Ǹʮֵ͵ˣϲľװƣ
Σ̧ͷԱʣʲôǮ·ӣܹǮһЩģ
Ǯ
⻰ԱʶǰλҩȻûֳ쳣ȴû˸ղŵ顣
һھͼֵĵҩΪǸû뵽Ǹ⵰
ǮľǴ򹫿ճεӣһ100ͨңʤ̨ڶĻӵ200400ֻ֮Ҫܣһһ
Աĵְܼ˳ܵĻӦþܴչҩǮˣ
⡭ͨˣΪһ𣿹ʲôס
ȫͬʲô壿
ȣʤҲ԰ٷ֮ʮҰɣ
ΪһҲͬÿ˶ΪⲻͬսʽͬսʱķӦҲͬͬͬʵͬǻֳʤģͨΪԽߣʤԽͨʥһأܹʥǿ߲ٿصʥһ𣿡
ԷԽСףԱЩͷ
⡭
ס
԰
ΪȻͬսʶȫͬģ
ΪԽߣսԽߣͬ϶ԽǿֱҲԽռˡ
ھͱ㣬
ͿԱǰһ䣬ʤβͬҲͬʤ࣬ͬˣ
Էɶ֪Աѵ
ţͷ
ͺǰϷһߣƥļ㲻ߣӦҲ󣬸ѣǿҲûа취
ʲôߣʲôֻҪͬ𡭡ٶҲҪ򰡣
ͼãǿˣ˵ûκơ
ǺãѰɣһͨҡ
Ա
٣üëһôô󣿡
ֱȶͨҪṩأҪ¼Ӱ񣬲ս״ݳ˹ۿÿһҪѴۣȻҪշѣ
ҡû٣ɲʲôѺߡҵ㣬ҴӮ˱˫㡭ͷ
һǮѵӢۺ
ʦ½һ˾ʦͨҶòҪ衭ȥֱ̫ˡ
ûоͲҪμӡҡͷ޷еӡ
ٶòֵĵҩȥԡð֪һ
ڽǮ϶ʶҶƼˮ꣬ôܣ
ǡҵֵͨܳͨ˰ɣԴΪѺ٣ܿ԰ɡ˶ԷΣ
ȻͨΪۣͨ϶ԵѺҳۡ
ԣҪһˣڻʹõͨͻᱻʧȥã
ͨԶ̷ͨʹãͺ͵Ź˾Զϵеһ
ţͷ
ͬ⣬겻ٶ˵ִܿʱ䲻һſƬ˹
ͨ񿨣500ͨңֻҪбԣǮԶ۳ʤĻҲԶŵ棬Ҫġ
˷㣬˿պÿƬ̧򹫿ķ˹ȥ


1923 ҽ
ʵսԶΪķﶼһ
ʵսˣǣЩ⣬ˣͨеĹԶϲĿ
ûǰͿ˶ѻһ𣬿ǰ޴ˮĻһǼ
УӰڽս
Ϊֻʥһأ似ͬݱʾ˶似սǿĿ
ߣӮ峡ˣ
ֹ似ƿؼֱţÿһУ׼ȷ̫ǿˣ
ҿ϶Ƕ֣
սѧϰټɣԼʵҲӲ١

۷׷ס
֮ͨϲԵˣ֮ͣΪ˲ú˵սԹĦսḶ́Ӷи
δżǿһ˫ս̲סͷ
ʥһأܹʩչ似ޣ˫սͿ˭ʱİոӾϸӹϺ
˽˲٣Ƭ˹ȥ
ʲô֡ҲУ
űǸʮŮӣʵ
ţ
˼
ֱ϶ҪֻŵģȻ˫֪˭Ҳûʲôˡ
Ȼͨݣ϶С
ͺǰȡһɵŪȥģ
ǿ¡ġ
֮ǰȡļһԺʣƬ̺󣬵˵ͷͽҡİɣ
ģŮӵ˵ͷǰ鱾ϣܿд
ʱ䲻Ծͱš
ģսĬߣ
ϱ̨
ǸԲεܶ޴ˮĻͨĻ˿Կϸ
Ķ֣ǸСˣͬΪȴһǿѹȡ
λĬ֪ǵһβμӹûйսʵǿ
ǰղҺĹ죬д˼£۷ӦǶٶȣǿʵˣ
ôǿҲĬĬ֮
˸֣ⳡսеĿˣǲ֪
һ־ͺܴ죬Ӧúġ
ǰģĸë
֮ͨУ֪ܲʵݣ֮УʵǿλߵֻͣҪܹ쵽ġ
Ĭߵˣ֪һλǿߡ
ԡļһ϶Ҫùˡ
ʼɣ
俴ǰһۣĬߵһЦҲģ
Ҫ
Щǿһʤʤʤ
áĬߡƺţ쳹ҫǵÿһ䣡
֣룡

Ĭߴ˹̤ĲӰ̨ϳΡ
Է֣ٴεͷ
ϲԵĺְܶҵûʦ½עôϸ߶սͶ似ƿأȴǿ
һԶʤʦõʦսʦԶԶ磡
㣬ܺͨвɷָĹϵϾսʦãҲܲһֱսȥġ
һ»ʤȻһ־Ͳˡ
˲䣬Ժ˼ƽϡ
Է˵ͼݣһ۾Ϳߡ˴ȱݣҪʤ׾١
ǹһоͻʤˡڶĶ־Ͳˣô׬Ǯ
ûǮ˲ãյĵʮλӣ϶ȥ
㣬һΣӭ
أ
գ۹սһ
ţλĿҲ
ղĬʩչǣƿսŷʥһؿʩչּ似
ǡƮƣôЧ
뵽۷壬ȻλĶȥˣǡʵ

սʼ˶Ϊһߵľ棬˱仯˶ɴ۾ǲ˼顣
Ĭߺ֮ǰԤϵһǿһһʽеɶģͨȴÿһζܶռԷ
Ϳˣ
˵Ļÿһζֻ壬Ҫ˵ʵĻָöǿࣿ
쿴Ҫˣ
ͻȻ˺˳
ղսʮУĬ߲ıȷڣƱˡ
ǰ޹֮£ĸ꣬ƿսĽࡣ
ֻһ£֣͵ǰĳ
Ĭǿδмƣӭ
˫ƼӴʱһִ˳֪ȻִԷؿڡ
ղŵģȻУ
黯ʵҫǳҲɣ
ܹǰЩ꣬ҿĹùСУʵУ˾Сʵʵֻһ֮䡭Ҫѧᣬ궼ûЧλľȻֱʩչˣ
̫ˣջظղŵĻλľǸ֣
黯ʵ죬һòǳαװİɣ
ôܣţ֪˵սʤ֪ٳˣαװһûμӹСɣ

黯ʵȻѣҫܹģ࣬һδֵļһﾹȻʩչ˳β𾪣
أ
ˣĬѪ
Ȼ֮еˣ֮ͬʹѪҲмĴ
ˡ
֪ȥֻĸңĬֱӳϡ
һٳģû뵽һͰˡ
˵ͷŮӵ𣺡Ǽս´ս
ʤһԼҲȨ
΢΢һЦеڶ
ղŵսȻЩģȴרŹսǮģȻܾȥ
ܿ죬ڶλֱŹβˣһλȶöೡʤꡣ
Էƺ֪ǰλһ־ͳ˹ֶƵʩչ

Ǻ岽
ܵ·ٴξ
岽ǶֵĹÿֻ壬ԽʡҲԸõĹҲΣգвͻˣһﲻʩչ黯ʵȻ˳
ûʮϵĿɣ
ֹ˵ɲˣ
и磬ݵľǺ岽ʮˣսʱɲʹⲻǶƿؾϸҪǣľȣ̩ɽ治ĵı죬Ȼ
Ѿ˵
黯ʵ岽ƾλľһλǿߡ
̨֪µ𾪣ڶλ֣ͬû̫ʱ䣬ʮйɽܡ
ȥ˵ԣ˿Լı֣ʮ⡣
ӦαװĲӦûҵľʵıͷˡѹʵֻӲʮ֮һ˵ʵġ
ҡҡͷٴοĶ֣ǸŮӡ


1924 ӽ
Ůͬܿܡ
ĳǸ꣬ͬûʮС
ԼӵĲμӹˣδη壬һ⡣
Ȼ֪Ա˵սһ500ͨҶѣô͵ļ۸ܻȡһλֹеĻᣬֲΪ
˵׬ˡ
ô򣬱𶼲ʧ̫ࡣ
ʦ֣ô
ˮ棬ӰбڲԶϡ
˵Ǹµ꣬бһת֮䣬ɢĽ⡣
ʦֳֳ֣ͬϵĽŨһҲλýĸ֡
ǻҫǣƽĹϽΧĺܶ࣬˲μӹõĶǽ
黯ʵ岽˵ƿѾﵽ˼ΪϸĵزҶ̫ˣӦǸ֣˵ͷʦ΢΢һЦƽĵӱȣǲ̫ˣ
ǰ黯ʵ岽űﵽģܶ۵ҲʩչҲСط𾪣ʦܽӻ
ʦܣȥʦַԸ
ĺˣ֮ڣ䣬Ⱦƣʮͨ齣躵ʦܣ
ҪС
û˵꣬ʦЦһˣսپɣκͳһѡȡŵӡ۵ӣʱȽϽţͨ۸ˣ֪϶Ҫģ
ǴŵŵӣܵСطμӾͺʡӵϷ֣ܵɴͨһȫûսԡ
ã
ͷȥ
Ƭ̺󣬱ĵλ֡
쿴λν͵Ļʤʣ
һٳֻ峡̫ǿ˰ɣ
սֱˣλģˡ
λŽ̨϶ԽղֻͽսΣͲ˵ˡ
ÿμӹǿߣĻʤʾ棬λνͣһٳȻֻ峡˼ĺ䶯
֮ǰһߵľ棬ٴηֳ
λĴУܸղŽǿʹñͲʹָ
ԷųƽִͣϳսȻǿ
ȡɣ
վ̨м䣬躱ų
ã
ҲãһУԶϵĳ˹ģâɭɭ
ͨеĽûмֻݱ佣Ķѣ֮˵
ҳʣγеĻᣬһܣ
躵ĵ
ΪƽӣȻеġ
ϣ
һ㶣üġ

ɫһְɣȻûжֵĻᣡ
ðɣ
ΪΣгһ˸ҲͻȻָһ
ˣ
ĵĳ̷˳ȥ
һУȻ֣
սɵľǱ֣ܻбˣȻһɹ뿪壬ڱбֿȭƣһ۱֪
̫³çˣ
һҪ䡭
ԵˣҲȫˣԡ
ûʼԣͰѳˣû
쿴ľȻתȥˣ
ǣʲô˼
ɣôû񣿡
澪ǰĳˡ
ֻ̨ϵλĵ꣬ӳת˫ۣףʲôƵأѵûУ֪Էֱ̫䣿
ؼ䣬ףʲôѲ仹ٲɣ
̨ϵĻҲЩ¡
һһӣת˫ۣʲô
䣬ҲҪ˵һ仰ǣ
ɻ󣬶ͻȻʦּٵĺ躲Ҫ⣬Сġ
һ㶣ռо񣬾ͿԷӳĳƵѾǰ
տʼ˵ĴڿУ׵ĵطȻ٣һâ˫ۡ
æɿŵֱۣ뽫еĳγֵ漴͸еԴһʹ
ͨ
ʬڵϣԴѾ̴

ʬ廯㣬ʧԭأֻʣ¸ղűŵĳбڵϡ
ͨѣʧȥãеľҲʧ
Ҳ˵һΣ͵ûˡ
ž
һļž
˶ɵһĿǰı̨
Ϊֳֳȥ꣬λģû뵽ְѽӳ̴̴Դ
ʲô

ĬƬ̺籬ը
ܸղûȻӮˡ
䣡Ұˣķ˿Ҫӣ
Ӧλν̫ͣˣû뵽Էӽ
ΪԭǸװƷһԴϣɵҲɣ
һٳʤʰٷ֮ʮءҿС󣬹Цģ
Уղŵӽƽƽ棬ȴֻһֿܣǾǡһ̫
ⲻܡ
бϵʦ֣͵վֱ塣
ղŶԷӳ˲Ծ̺Ĵڣһ¾ͽɱôģ
вͣ䣬Էж켣һˮʱͷð˳
Էӽ϶ҽǣȻһۼҲ
һλʤ
ѵҪս֪
ȭͷһ
ܶĽֻᣬ֪ǿһпҲﵽ־硣
뵽⣬Ҳɣ̧˹ȥܿ챨ϣڱ̨
Ʒ
ԶˮǽʾѶϢü
ɱһλͣðһλýģѵͱѣ
Ʒ֣Ҳţ
˵ͷƷһϣ̸ֳһĺְɣ
λû͸ղλһϻٴȡ˹ġ
ʹøղŵĽ
Ʒͷ
Ըһ£ղʦܱɱĽ׺ƣҲ취ƽ⡣
ղŵĽ
ǣ
⡭ҲУ
Ρ
ղŵĽӵģû̫༼ˣҲѰ켣ľ裬һڶԷԴϣ䵱
һҲԣ
ѵԼԴ㹻Ӳ
ܶԷĿģȻҲν
һ£ڿС

֡
úá
ͫһƷһȣгɽ
ɲǼ䣬ХӰ屻Ӱ֣ˮò䲻ʪ
ǿ
⽣̫ˡ
۶ô
·һ۾Բɪɪ
λƷ｣̫ˣΧóһֱ׶Ĺ
ַ£˶˲
𾪵ĿУĳ˹ҡ

һٵķԭʧԲĽ֮С
ô£
ûסǵסˣ
ʧȥټת
ǵ̨Ϸʲô¡
ûγɵĹ򣬡һɢ˾ͿղŽȺ꣬ͷһԴ
Ȼû˺
أ
ʬˤڵأʧ
ٴѻȸ


1925 
ҫǣ
˵ǰԺ
Ʒͻ躣ָʲôȥˣһһصģɶۻᶼμӡ֪ΣôƯŮƳӶ˰ɣ
һЦ
һЩݣͬһ㣬ֱۼ
ǲŲڣһ⣬͹öͨʲôνܹͣȥսˣ
ڶ꣬ЩεĵЩ׳ȻԶ˵ͬ
ս
ЦƽŵӣܹսЩСطҪӮˣҲûʲôɾ͸а
治֪ôġ˵ҫǵĳǱԽҲûʮİջʤȥսһЩͨˡˢִڸУҲǹˡ
εҡͷ꣬ѾԺǰ˽ȥ
漴躵ļһʯǰֱķ
ǲɱҫǵߣƨӢ
΢΢һЦǰ
һзȣ˼УҲļ
ˣΣһָǰ棬κȻҡˣ
ֻʯϣһƽ棬Ȼ˺ü顣
汻ɱˣͫһ˶ʱô£ǲ˼顣
ǿƽĵӣͬʵԺɨŹȥҫȻɱ
ô̫أ
ýˣʵ
ˣұԷһ̴Դûüʩչ
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Ȼ͸ֱԣԼʵһ̨ͱ룬̫󡭡ҲûԸ˷Ǯ

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Ʒͻ躵Ļ֪ǰˣǾԸ֣Ҳϻֱӽ
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أ
ʬڵϡ

һ顣
֮ǰãƷǲǿˣû뵽ǵûţ˵ĸǿ
ƷķŵУǿ͵Ľǰ棬ˣԷ䶼ûմͱС
Ѿÿˣ
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ҡͣһ£ЦУҿ϶Сˣ
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ҫǣȻýǿߣ±ͨϣ

ţʣ¶ˣͬʱ˵ͷ˺ܿʧԭأ뿪

ڰλˡ
ʹ˿Ϊû˸սû뵽һò˵ϣǺ˶డ
ֵһᣬû˽еھųֻε̨߳
»ص̨ղŽӴķԱɫѾˡ
ôһȻ֪
ΪǸ⵰ζû뵽Ȼĳǿߣ
ͷϲͣð亹Щ¶Էǳ𣬲һƵӣδΪղŵ鲻Խ˿
ǰ㹺һö󣬿ڻʣ105500ͨң
ܿ콫ղűԵ룬ԼҩǮ꣬Աæ
ʮ򣿡һ㶡
ԷӮ˰˳Ӧֻ25500ͨңˣֻʣ5500ôðʮ
ǰ峡͵ԵǿߣеĽǹģɱû취ջأԶ۾ɴͨÿһֵͨңΪʤõԣ۸ϣŶʮ򣡡
Ա
ǵĽ̨õûʲô
Щͬԣֲӷôô
ͬģǵĽϣ⻨ƣʵɫҲһЩͼֵ򡭡Ա͡
һ顣
ԭҲƤҼ۸Ҳˡ
湻ӵġ
ҲԣٵˣǣǮȻҪͱ˲ͬΪ޷ģ·Գһ
ҹ˵ҩȡ
پЩʵ
ǰ뿪ֻͨ辫ͨͨĴ󷨾ͻἤԶƷ͵ǰ
Ա
ã
û뵽ô򵥣ĵ˵ͷ
Ķ򵽣ͣһ廯ͨ뿪һ̣ٴγھҡ
ϥãͨڸǰշԱ˵ģͨ
ˣ
һ죬ȻһƿǰǸղͨ
ȥӦþͻָ
οƿҩģȥͻȻһһ«ͻأ֣һţͽҩȥ
Ҳ
ɫʱˡ


1926 
«֮ǰһֱڵﲻߵļһϴʼѪˣԼĿҪըξȻ粻ְ˵ҩˣ
Ͷ̥İɣ
ôһ׵ļһ
巢ҧ³
˫ס«мϸλãͣ
ֻ֮£ޡ
ѾˣҪҪ
«Ťƨɡ
á
«ݺˤڵϣʹţ˿Ծ棺õҩָƣٵңŲھͽӽأ
㱻ռ籩ˣ̺ſռѺۣҩָƣҪ£
˵Ҫָƣ«֮ԱǣŤøˡ
˼öҩָҵƣ
ü
ͼ޷鿴Ϊ޷ãҲֻ֪Լʮأص̶ֳȣ֪顣
ͨƿ϶ԣռ籩ɡⵤҩһЧ󣡡«
ǡҪʲôҩ֪ǰһûƭԼҪŭһЩʵ
ҪܹƿռƵĵҩϡޱȣҼֵߣҲɡղֵҩüöֻҪҳԱˣ͸ơ
«һĵ
δ䣬ͼǰ߳ңں죬˵
˵
ţи«ĳưҪõͷҲУ
ðɣҸôģһͷԼ«Ҳ̲סʵҪҩ̰ԣҪҩָһЩܰƣ
ˣеĸͷѹں«ϡ
ˣġ«æͷ
ٴλصͨʣµʮ򣬶һöȫ˹
«ϣ˸ãŤ˹׼ҷһʱ󣬽ˮˣƾָܻ
ˮȣ
һ
Ʒ
ţ«˵ڵϣ㣬ҾͻȥϢˡ
֪һԼ˵ȥܻȥΣֻٴηԸĵ졣
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һ߶һɻ󡭡ʦ˵ҪҪ˵ͷҪ¯ҪԻ
뵽⣬̲סڣʦ֮ĻҪҪĻ׼

òװ˵ӣտˮ«˽ȥһƯ棬һӾһǱӾĲֺ
ԷģŶͷ֪ԼĵǶԻǴ
ʦ½绽꣬վ۷壬Ȼһ«ߺ
붼
ؼǡ⵽ɶ
˵ıǺ֮֮ȥһһͷԼĵһͳԶһ㶼治֪Լô׵ˣôŪһ׵Ķ
һʱת˲ţԼ̣«ٴ
ڵˮŪ˼ڣȻеһˬ֮ǰЩʹƣ˲١
á
۾һ
ΪԷƭԼиͷٴ׼ˣû뵽ȻЧ
ǣռ䣬йء
Ȼ֪϶֪龳˰Ҳ벻ԭֻҰο
һᣬһˮȫ꣬ǵĹԲڵƣҲۿɼָ
ʱȫһϵıɢһء
ȫˣʵûָ
Խռͨµƣ˿𣬲ĸɾδ׻ָ
ڵϣϸܵˮϢȫë״򿪣ա
̣
ڣѹȵľЩû˺֮С
û뵽ƻָҲӦˣ
۾ˡ
תδͷɱ¾֮龳ܲסû뵽ú󣬾ƺҲü̶ˣЩȴѾް

ڣתʱ䲻͸еɱĴߡ
ڣӦþܳ׻ָ
ܵٶȣ˿
ʥ֮ʦѴﵽ˾˵ĵزĸɾˮҲҪȫָ
ֻҪֻмΪҲڻָճڣǣûʲôηˡ
ֵһᣬڴϰٵٴν캰˽
ʦָˣ
ʦϵıȥҲû֮ǰǷϣ۾һ
ţһȭҿȷƳλãȻնɱ
һЦ
æͷһȭʩչ
һᣬȷλã͵ѹյ

һԷӿ˹ȥ
žڣһ̾Ƴط
̣
綾ʴţĹƳ棬ܵŵӳûԶһӿ
ʱ䲻Ϊһ̯Ũˮ
¡¡
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ʦôˡ
ܵڣʱὫ˺ѿɫһס
֮ǰ˵ʮδϣΪȴûκǲŬɵȫƳˡʮĿ๦˶֪
ЦЦȫ㣬Ȼеͣԥ׹дգ
ָٴһ㣬Էڡ
ϸ֪ʦ϶Ầת
һ̷˲Ծ
ҪתҪᴿӦƳʽڵȫЩ裡
ģԺɿơһ㣡
ⱾȻˮ㣬֮ǰܴﵽʮޣӦõõľ磡
𾪣Ц
ǣ
ٶ˵켱æ۾ա
¡¡
ھٿһ֮ȫ֮ǰͣͲǰ޷ʥأۿɼ
ʥأ
ʥأ
ʥأ
ʱʹﵽʥأҼǰ
û٣
ü
ʦ½ﵽʥأ٣ʥػս٣ʱɹ˺ܴ󹦷
ǰλʮӣ׳ɹȻûκζ
ӦϲԵǿ־磬͵ʦ½ʦһɡ
ܿ׹
ϲԵͨˣ궼ܴﵽʥأ־ͳĻϲԵ
ں˼룬ͼȻͻƵ˴ʥ
ţ񲻻Ѫ
ֱʥشԲŻͣ
ƳʮȫͷųȻʥأֱӽ󼶱ʵܹ˻Ѧ٣һģһ


1927 ½Ƴ

ĵͷ
λӣ͵·һӵżᶨǡ
˵ˣܲұ䣬϶Ա׷ˣ֪£ÿӲϡ
˳ɾͣ
ܵõûа͡
ʦ
ܵͨȫ֮ǰʯһȣָûҲ̲סʣڵء
ô˵ʮꡣ
Ϊδ˻飬Ȼ裬Ȼȥû뵽ǰλʦ׸ı
кñңҲӦõġЦЦٴοʵﵽ˼񲻻磬ΪʦٴһЩ似
Ϊû似ͬûս
ͺ񵱳ŶĹʹã㲻ϸ֣һϴæҡ
һֱպãΪʦմһ׽Уܲѧᡭ
ʮ꿪ʼܽ裬ûҪȥģ˵ղͨĽڸҲ
ܿ콫İѧһ顣
ʦڵֻһУӳͨľƣԷնɱ
򵥣֮󣬲ףҪɣء
ȣҪԶֵĽС⣬һ˽⣬ϵȻΣٶҲкܸߵҪ

Ȼѣ챾Ǹ֮ˣһһʽһ˿һǵʦˡ
ţ
λյĵӣûšԬΡκ̵˵츳ȴʤŬĵ˵ͷ
һʱнһ⣬뿪ҡ
װȳȥ
켱æָ֮ǰģһһյǰС
ΪͻƣȲˣҲ˲٣ȻߴȴҲ죬˿֪ʦ⣬½ţ幭ʮϤһһ첻ȻʵɱͷԾ
˿̣죬Ѿ׺ˣϸүģ̲סס
˵ͼүҡҡͷ
˼Ҳ˵ֱӹڵأĿ˼ͷվкϳ
үҪλЩ鷳û뵽Ȼү˷츲ص
үүˡ
ۿһ죬һٶ˵ų򵥼ҷɱȥ
Ǹ뿪ֽӰֱ̣ȥ

ҫǡ
˵ûͨǿߣս˳ʤΪû˶֣뿪
˳ҫѾûֹôǿ˰ɣʱΣպƽĸֹŵӣ᲻³ˣ
³˲١׻ɱˣҶһб
ļٵģô֪ĸ³ˣ
ĸǿߣһλƷûıòҲûţʩչ˽ĽһλðĸԴˡ
ôǿָʲô
Сģ
ȻǺ֣һ֪Զɲ⣡
ѵĸë


Ϣúܿ죬뿪ͨһʱҫǵи֣ͼȫ֪ˡ
һ˲䣬ͨΪý֣ڱ̨ǰţϣλġĳǿߣٴγ֣ҲǼʶһ£Ľ
ҫǣ
ƽˣס
Ժ䣬һλߣֳֳ衣
Ķûʲôÿһѹһ˺֮УԺеͣתγ硣
ԺеŲٻ䡢ľ󣬻ҶӶûκ˺ˮ飬ȴǱһ㡣
ȥˮ飬ȴ˺䣬ݿֱˡ

߽ͣһ³ʮɵľ룬ʧҹ֮С
ɣ
ϴɾ֣߿ڡ
ղʱͷˣδļ󱲣ˢˢ棬Ϊδᡣ
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Ʒ躡͡˽ͬʱݼ½ϣ
λߣƽθ½Ƴϣ
ţ
Ժеʯǰ½Ƴңʲô£
뿪ţЩһŷɵȸһ㣬ƽʱ㶼ˢˢԺ棬Ҫ˵û£š
ϣղƷʦܺͻʦܣȥˡҫǵͨ˽йԡ
ͣһ£ǰһ
ǵ˼ҿ⣬ѧն꣬Ҫҫһ£ΪӵܣѧϰĿΪʵ｣İأΪսţǣĿ⣬óݵġ
½Ƴɫһ
ְҵֲֵͨȻţչ¶֣ȡ˵Ŀ⡭ʵ̫ˡ
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ˮ޺ۣԸҫǵߣõУˣ
һ£½Ƴ϶һǰĲ豭УҵۿˮдģȻ򵥣ȴ̺ŴڣʮֲףʩչҲ㲻ȻܱƵʩչԷҲеʵˣʩչԷӦóûа취ƽ˰ɣ
豭ߣһڣ½ƳЦ⡣
Լžţҫǵ߶ѣʩչУ϶ŵø䣬ٲҷϻ
ƷˣʩչУһ̴ҵԴ
ۣ
һڲˮȫǰϣеø½Ƴϵɴ۾˵ʲô
ҡһ֣ʩչУȻ󡭡̴Դˣ
Ʒ͡
⡢⡭ôܣ
½ƳϿҪˡ
ķУһƽ⣬̴Դļٵģ
óԷѣ½Ƴæ
ǣǿ躵ͷڶ¡
ȻǽǿӦô˽Уˮ޺ۣǲԾԵĽֻصĻͬ©ͺ鵶ˮˮȻ˵ɺߣɱնˡ
ǿ½ƳָԸˣӦʹҴǲ񽣷Ӧÿ֮Կƽⱻ棡
ϣҲˣһʼʩչǲ񽣷
Ϸ졣
λĽ֣һ־ͽõ
Ҳǰλϴġ
ôûһٽܣ½Ƴϣٴκһˮ
ͷûǰҲͷ
ۣ
ҲʪˣԹˡ
Էһնɱ
豭ڵϣҲ̲ס½Ƴ͵վ


1928 
ҿͨ¼Ӱ񣡡
֪ӣһѣ½Ƴϵ
СطͨᣬĸӣͷһΣҪ
ýţٻţΪϣԴһ
ȡ֮ǰͨٴνͨܿ칺֮ǰսӰ
ȶͨÿԶ¼ۺͲѯ
һᣬͽԷսӰ꣬½ƳϺܿ׹ǰˣЩɸ֣ԷǷеڣܽɹ
Ʒ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ҪܣҪֵһʱ
п򵥣ӳͷϡʩչķ飬ᣬʵܵ
Ʒˮ޺۽ʩչǾϣ˺ܴ⣬ֻҪԶҵ©ǲ񽣷죬ʵʽΪѹ͵ʥһأӲʮ֮һɱҲ͹ֲ˱ˣ
һ½ƳϵȥϢˣ׽Ͳÿһһٱ飡ȱһ飬ң
ǣ
ͬʱͷϻġ
Уйעͨһλ֪ͨң
˫ֱ½Ƴ޵еϢƽĵӣ뿪ô׵£ǸӣҲҪȰѰĥƽˣ֪ĽߴԶ˵
ǡ˵Ʒ˿۾ͬʱˡ
Ҳ֪ǴԳˡ
½ƳϣȻֻϣƽʱŵӵԽ⣬С˵ͬǣδǶ֡
Գ֣λģ϶Ҫùˡ
½ƳϵˣͨȺλĳ֣ҫǣеĸ֣ҲϢһ˷ܡ
Ʒʦܣһлܣе˼
ǳ̴ľǰ꿴Ÿո֪Ϣйâͣ˸
֮ǰںмλ
ƽŵеĴʦ֣ӣ
ҶţλֻҪ֣ڸʲô̹֪ͨûļһѣӽȷ̫࣬ҲܳΪߣһ֮
˫ֱվ˸ĿУ˸
ˣ
ͻȻһƲס˳ǰ룡
µġ
ӷԸһת˳ȥ

㣿
ž
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һҩȻŪԼֱ޿ˡ
С㡭
Ѿ߻£æڵء
ȥ
һŮؿڣӷ˳ȥѦתͷУѾ׵Ĳ񻰵ӣĲͣ£Ũҵĺ⣬糱ˮʣ졭
ΪһлԼСܵѿĿ⡣
ò׳ΪƽŵӣܵʦֵʶֱŪ
ѵͼԼã
ҪΪˣܻڣ
˻֮ǵȥ𣬻ͬһ֪ðľûʦֳԼ涪ֱ޿ˡ
ǸɴӵҲǸˣףҲҪ
ҧĿ죬Ѧٿһࡣ
İɣС㣬Ѿˣ֤ǿ̫Ѧ˽
ǾͺãѦ˿ٴοеԼʦ˵ҵ̰ɣ˳ʦָòٶûȤ˰ɡ
С㲻ţǻʦҩͿĨϣָܻܿ
ѦЦЦһƿ
ʦָģѦ۾Ź⣺ӣδҡ
λʦǷòǷȵҪĶࡣ

գ
ڽֵϿǰС
ӺгϾ͸еĪѹ֣ƺŨŨΣգʱ֡
ָоͣЪӿ쳵Ѹۡ񱼡
ಣ
ʱһƿյʸӽֵ࣬˹
ͨļʸʥǿûʲôôЩÿһʥǿߵһôͬʱʥǿ߶ֿס
ʦ
ܵƿ֪֮Էˣȭͷһǰꡣ
ҪģҪľҸ㴫ڵĽͽ

ǣʦ˵֪϶а취첻ڶ˵ϻ䣬ʦĿγ̣Խ⣬ҲڷԾ
үҺƴˡ
˵ĶԻϲδʸҲͲסһȣеޣ˫ۣҪȫסҪ˵ү
֪ԼʵʥأЩΪչүգټϵҲˣܷӳʥصͲˣЩס

ôʱ䣬үͿˡ
أ
ͬħվ޵סҲҪסͼļʸͷ˹ȥ
ǰĶһһƬʸȻûһöϣǰëû˵һ
⡭ɱ֣
գ۾Ϸ¡
Ϊڽӣɣû뵽ôһûͺЩܿһ㡭
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ˣɱ죬ҲЩˡ
׼㣡
̲סһȡ
ǣ
ߵʮ£ٴδ
أ
һֵ̣ٴηˣǱס۾һ㣬ʸٴλһΣƹ
꣡꣡꣡
ûôˣȫϣһͷϲżʸ綤ų㡣
Ҳ䲻䡭
һ¡
һˣ˵ϡ

ϴ󣬲ټˣټǶᱻ
һдſǻ
켱æתͷŷ֣ߵѾĲˣÿһͷϲһƫУʮ־׼
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Ҫǵ졭
Լ˸ʲô
Ķ£Ҫˡ
ҲͲסһµĹ׼ϵ࣬˹ȥ
Ǵʥصǿߣĳдһ㣬Х
ͫһһȻٴη߲֡

ҺһղŻû˿̣ˡ
ô
ٴδβδ׼ϣǶ˳ȥ

󣬲һҺƺиҴһٴС

ץͷֱַ
ȻҺ
ա
ˡ
óˣζûɶʱҲˣֻҪ䣬ܲԼˣ
ؼӰûУԼչƫУͷϡ
˹ˡ
ԣչҲҪͷƨɣҪ׼Ҳûôȷɣ


1929 ɱߣҲ
Ҫ䣬̡
еĹڵϣȡ
ȥ϶ȫȥɱˡ

ܻʣµˣȫأ˳
Ӱ絶ʡ
ΪλүʮˣΪɱһһɼ죬û뵽һֻʣ²˸ؼͷϲż·Ƶģʱȥ
鵰֪ɱͲӵˡ
ǳɽ磬˴㹻ͨңҪɱˣΪǼС£ܽô벻һûУ
ɶ£
Ұѳﳵ˶⽴
ԽԽŭҧ

ʣµ߸ˣˢˢ˹ȥ
ɱүʬ̤ȥ
죬ǰĿ졣
ƺҲЩͷż꣬ŭˣһݣʹӳԯ˳񿥵壬ԾʮԶǰ
أ
ǰӣպͷϲһļʸϣֱ͸ԴҺûֱ
Ҳ١
ʣ˶ˡ
ǿɽȻһƥ˵ȥ˰
һλˣֳֳһ˹ûǰһá
ž
ѵɽ˫ſ¹ڵأŤܼӬ

һ˵ͬʱʣҲǰ֪Ҫһ㣬ٴξӡ
أ
ſ¹ڵϡ
꣡
˷ˡ
䲻ôҲɾˣ
ȴҲҶԿתҪӣû뿪һ˹
žણžણ
һ̣Ҳڵϡ
ŶŹڵϵˣһһʣµİ˸ɽ죬ȫڵϣޱȡ
žણ
е޵ڵϣɵˡ
Ҹղ޳һ
һٲҽϵ޼ˡ
һŭԼһ£Ȼϣ̫ãҪڽӴҲ룬棬Ҳ˺ð
µĿصʬ壬ͲԶĿ϶¡
ЩɽĹˣеʥأеĶﵽʥһˡһƥ


ʲôʱչ˵ôˣ
㡭
ʬ壬ˡղл˹ˣƥ֪һҲô˭˭һء
ɽݺʮ꣬ţһƥϡ
Ķ£һȣ
Ҳӭ

ûǰһΣ廯һӰ˹ȥһ̣Ȼḽ
ǴʥصǿߣӦȺղŵĽֻУҪĿ취ǰɱ
ҪһˣεͲʧܣʧء
ôˣͶˣ
ˣ
ϺͿû뵽һ˱ɣʱɱˣȫӦҪæѾˡ
ಣ
ֱĴ룬һУүûĻܱܿɱ
¡
Σʱ̣ǻһ㣬͵һѹϣͣת
أ
⵽ػѪˣͼŰ˹ԯϡ
꣡
ݵߡ˸ֶɡ
ˣ̧ͷȥͼĳԯֱһں˼ƣͶִˡ
ꡭ
쳹׷ˡ
䲻ϣЩǿĸ֣ԸķϣͻȻսΪѪ߱޳裬Ҳϣ
ͻȻһһṦҺ܌ŵģʲô
ôϣ
ϣҲʲȥ
ߣ
֪ȥ֪ҪʲôҲͲסеıˣһһ顣
أ
һ˸̳˳γһ̵ǽ
ΪɽҪ١ɱˣҪߣʱû֣·׼ˣѲ֪ٴۣרŹģʥǿߣֵܱһ£׷
ಣ
Щͷûתֱһĸǽͷתٳ˳ȥ
Ĳתͷתͷȥٿʲôˡ¿ˣ׷ɱˣûʲôҪǱһƥһͷ¿ɱˣ˰
Ҳ֪ǸղŵãǶԷû׷˰죬û׷ϣ˿
ɶ񣬶Ǽһﺦġ
ʱ򣬶Է˵ǸС飬ֿɱԼҲһ£λ죬ȷôôû뵽
ǲɡҵˣˣţư
⻹ôɱ
ܿ죬ӵ˳⣬֮ǰԼõĵطȼһ𣬵ȴŶԷ
첻˵Ͳˣ

ֻͣ°͵ˣͶʱ޷£
ϿһĻһӼġ
һȺ׼ɽɱΪɣôû뵽ĿͳɾˣֶûԷͳ군
鵰
ҪҪôţ
𾪣Ϳɱ߸˵Ŀһδ˻Լڳԯͷ­ųǰȥ
ƶ¡
ô͵ȻɾҲҼݰ
Źӡ
̲סתͷ
ʵѾ˴𰸡
֮ǰô꣬ͳû⣬ͻȻˣ϶λŹйأ
ȥ˵ɣ

֪ͽѱˡ
ϲԵͨˣܴﵽʥأһĿʸǿǴʥһصǿߣֻûѱ޷ͨԵЩͣԡ
ѱ󣬾ͨʲôʲô
˵ɱɽλ첻ӵÿ죬Ҳͬɵ
ǣ
λŹӵǼٲ˵Žֵ򵥼ҿ񱼶ء

ȼ˺ôһᣬӰ֡
һˣ֮ǰλ
һȻסͺζԿǸŮӣò
ô𣿡
һǰʵ
λˣǱˣǳĽܽͷѦ
ԱߵŮӣѦ١
£Ҫ棬ܵ裬Ҫһʱ俴ľԴ
͸˹
ɣ˵ļ񣿡
ҵй֮һŭȡ
ʲô˼Ѧüëһ壺ѵɱһһͷһɹˣ
ƨҧʮȫˣҪܵÿ죬Ҳ϶ˣʧǱ벹ҡ
ˣ
۾ԲѦٲţ˵λ콫ɱȫûʵ
ߵ
˭
ѦҲ˹ɻ
Ȼң϶ǵġ
Щɽƽʱҽôɱˣʧˣ
˿Ũ̵Ǻ⣺ɱߡҲԣг
ѦѦ٣


1930 ܳ
ΪιӶɽȻֵһ仧նɱܵ裬ء
û뵽ȫˣңͷҲˡ
ɱߣҲ
զ˵ʿڡأ
ú˵ǲ
˭ɱˣҲͲסѦʵ
Ҳ˵һƥСһӿҪը


ѦѦٸãˡ
ӵдʥһصʵ׾پͽҵɱҲļһ޷
֪ܻƣ컹ǽղŷ£ϸһ顣
似ĳ
ɫ࣬Ѧ̱˰ڵĦ㲻ɱˣҲҸɰɣ
㡭ƭ㣿
ˡ
Ϊɶ˵滰ûأ
ˣһͨ񿨣ͨң㹻ֲʧˡúѾЩ񾭲ļһϻѦӳһſƬ
Է޷ҪǮѣ˱ǣ
ʮ֣͸٣
ƤһҪը
ǮЩʸġ
ûѾǶˣϹһǮ㶼ò
Ѧ۾
㡭
Էɱڣ֪ŪĻ֣׺úǰץƬתߣһʧںҹ
ʦһûɱô죿
Ѧٿ
һȺûõķֻ鷳ѣѦһȻȥԻ취СģһԲΪİʯŪˣпܳɾһɳ죡

ԽԽ˶Ҫըˡ
Ҫһʱ̰ģҲȫûڣֻʣ¹¼ҹˡ
һ·ۣٶȷɿ죬ûصɽկһڲԶ
ôֵܣͨҾʹˣ
˭
æתתһȦδְӰ
˭װŪǺúĳҲܳһüͷͲô꣡
ˣǰϣ

ܳæ̧ͷɫԶϣһ棬ͣŤ壬ɾ
ղŵǴж
㡭㡭˵
Щܳ촽
а˻תļɱ˵ĳΪ͹جˣû뵽ðһ˵顣
ң鼮һ¡
Ҫɱ㡭
һܳг͵˦˳ȥ岻򷴷ߡ
Ѿܲôˣ߲
أ
û뿪ԭأͻȻһһͷԵڵأ漴ղϵǱ飬֪ʱѾǰڿС
ĿһЩӣ
浭ĻһŨصѹѹܳһ׹ѣĲҡ
ϢѹʱףⱾʵԴﵽ˹ʥ۷ġգ
һӵյ飿
֮ǰӣףóֶζӲˡ
Ҿͺã
鼮ζһ£ղЩ˹鱨ɱ죬ƽ޹ʧôˣѵ뱨𣿡
롭Һ޲ýʬΣ
ܳŤ
ɱˣҪ֪ݰɣ֪ǵ𣿡鼮ʵ
ҡܳס
ֻ֪Է˽ܣǮ׬ݲ֪顣
ӦûûԶȥ鼮ЦЦΪһɽͷ죬˳¼£ӦòѰɣ
֪ˡ
ܳ˵ͷ
Ǹˣβס
Ȿ飬ƥһӦöڵģ֮ԲɱԼ϶Ǿûá
ȥɣ
鼮ζһ¡
ܳһҧתղӶȥ
ΪȻԶԶȲѦˣöˣǱк͸֮㼣ʱ䲻һ޴ĸۡǰ
ǳǮɱˣ
ɴ۾ܳš
Ѧңãһ¹ôɱ˵飿
һΣǽͷ룬漴ͿǽڣˢˢվһȺˣղźվһǰ
ѹͺܳҹɫԼء
վǰģһȺ׵ıʿһ֪ǳĲӡ
Щ·ȥɱˣ
˵ͳ漴һʿһ·˹
ǣʿӹ·һϣ·ӣܳûǽϵȥ
ɽķΣ
óľʿȻðɽȥɱˣ
ţ
ɱ˵ľȻǳ
彩ֱܳҳü¼񾧣ǰһĻȫ¼
ܿ죬ʿαװɵɽ뿪Ժ䣬򵥼ҵķ񱼶ȥ
ܿǽ⡣
ȥһ
ʿ죬ѹ
ǣ
ˢˢԺӡ
ܳϣһŴϣ¹濴ȥ漴ͿһĻ
һվԺУһһһ˵ԴڵϣԺӷХݺᡣ
ӣʮ񣬾ȫһһɱ
ǵ죿ûΪ
ɫףܳؿڷڣʱҪˣˣҲү
ҿ֮ǰֻǶԷͳˣȻλ֣֪ôġ
Դһ˲Ͱˡ
ԷĽΪ򣬸Ī⣬С󣬶ûôֲģ
ʦ
ɱͼ굥ǲŵݸǰܳŷ֣ǰ棬ȻһֱŸ꣬ʼգȻû֣
ʮģǰ²豭üͷ壺⼸ˣȻɱֶ֣ƽһôĽڣһֱ˯
ǣͷ­һ
ɱһˣҪܳ¡
ţ٣ľŵ۷ˣȻҪλʦҲ̫Ͽ˰ɣ
𾪣ͿղŽɱƨգ˹һЦģλʦ˲赹ˮǰ㣬æ
ݴܳԼЩ
ꡭ

Ժ˵ٺС
˸뿪һڶ
˵ʲôʲôӦ֪˰ɣ
ʮᣬڶУȴëը𣬼æ̧ͷ漴ڷǰںȲ꣬ЦӯӯĿ˹Ŀ͸˺ҹأҵĲڡ
ҡҡ
ܳ˵
ýţ췢£ȫˣȥ˵Ӧס촽ûȴڶ
֪ܳ¡
ȥɣҲ֮У֮£ԣҲɱ㡭ӽ쿪ʼ֪ΪС
ǣܳٲҶ˵תӡ


1931 ͨ
Էߣ΢΢һЦվһӡ

Ժӵʬ壬ʱȼƬ̺ɻҽ˳ŵˮʶȥ
Ժз·ʲô¶ûһ㣬кۼʧһɶ
ת߽˷䣬ϥָڵ
ò˵«õˮȷЧָǳӦϲԵĿռ˳١
һʱͣͨ«㵽ʲô
ʵЩ档
ϵ֮أԸܵõ«ˮ¾ָܻһ±ĻҪ¡
ȻҲʥרŲÿռ󷨣꣬ʦ
вܳԵģֻҪ㹻Եģܳʱ֪ˡ
«ڵŤһ£˸ĵطš
˼䣬һﲻӲӥֻòᣬӻȡͨһ£һٴ˽ȥ

ôû
Ѧüëɸ
ȥľӦɱǸˣôⶼһʱˣһ㶯ûУ
ȥ
һһ
ҹ£Ӷʱ䲻һŹֵĻصǰ̹٣ʲôûУ͵𣡡
Ѧһôܣҵѵȷ
רŽãٶɱˣԷɶ¶ûСʲô
ȥһ£Ⱥ˵ȥ
ĿҪըǳ
ٴ뿪һǰݽӡͺۼȫ˵ңȴû뿪²ⲻܶɱһʬˣ
ɱƾˣ
Ѧס
ʮλÿһдʥһصʵΪ׵ĶӳǶأһ𣬴ʥأضһսһȥأһ㶯ûɢ
Ǹ·߲Աôǿʵ
ѵ˵ģ
ͻȻɽܳĻ
һƥһ似ĳ
ѲɣĴڣ
̹٣ô죿ҪҪ˹ȥ
˼
ȲˡɱѾ˷ɱôˣɱ࣡
ҡҡͷ߰˼׿Ѧüë𣺡ңˣһֳԳкܴˣ
⡭ѵôֵܣˣ
æ
Ȼƴ֣ʮҲǻ˲֪Ѫģɱɾݶðһ˭ܲˡ
ѦĿһȥһ˺У·ϸѰÿһ˵ܲҵɽټʬ壬򶷵ĺۼҲԣ
ãٴ˳ȥٴûѶãص䣺̹٣߼ȷһЩʬ壬ĹЩȥɽ
ţ˽Щɽʬ壬׻ٵȻ󽫱һЩĿףȾѪҸĵط
һѦ

⣬Ѧйâ˸һ׵ʵ֪кܶʿʧȥټǸۡΧҳɽıͻѪĿףûʲôĽ
⡭ɽɱĻ۾ˡ
Ҫλ죬ɱҲ̯Ϲ˾ģŪã˱նʾڡ
ɽգѱʹ֪֮йᣬȻ⵽
˻飬ҲͱȻˡ
ָ֮أôܱǽۣ֮
һ磬̷ų˵ʮ˵Ļɽټǰȥ׷ãʧȥټҪȫѰҡ£ֵöԽԽã˶֪
ѦЦЦ۷͵Ĳ࣬й£ȥѰҵʹѪĿסʣµľͺðˣ
ǣ
̹٣ݲƳ˾Ĳ֣Ͷأͬʱ̲סأ
ѦĿһɲϣֻҪѳҲã˳ſڣʲô׾ٵ£
⵹ǡ
˵ͷȥ죡

С㣬ң
Ѧ߰ݺ죬ѦصԼĹ뷿þ޷˯˲֪ãźƽӻӵһ˹
꣬ҲƽˣһͬΪ۵ӣ൱ʹӣŵӵӺñţר
Ǯҵһ⣬ʦЦɣ
һ֣һѾߵһӽң˻Σ죬һٶö
ҶʦãСˡ۾һġ
۵ӣƽʱûʲôˮģһ¸ô࣬ϲ
ʦ֣ϻ˵Щʲô
Ѧٿ
ʦû˵ʲô׶ԷĿģһ£ʲôˣ˵ͨǸĵˣһ־֪ͨ
ģ
Ѧɻ
ġ֪ʼĩܿ콲һ顣
ԭˡλĳ֣ϣͷʦǰ˵һȥ֪ͨʦ֣Ѧһֵһӽҡ
˵
۾Ź⣬ͷ
¶˵ʲôܹõôֲΪ
δ䣬ͻȻͷӻȡһöһۣ۾ˣСȻλĽͨˣһȥʦְɣ
ã
ѦټæڵԺȥ
ʱ䲻ǰ
ˣ
˹۾
ʦ֣ҫͨͨ
Ѧټæóö˹
ܺ󣬵ڳ˵ʲô
ţŮôʶȤվһȥɣպҲʶһ£ƽĽ
лʦ֣
Էûй˼Ѧ˿ͨ
ˣˣ
ͬʱС

ǲ㣬ܲһöռָ
ʦ½ù˿ռָʲôûУװʵ̫鷳ˣԣνʣܲ򵽣۸Ƕ١
ȻǰҹͨΪңûкҹģܿǰ̨ԼĿ˳
ָ򵽣һöʮͨң
Ա
ʮ򣿡üëһ
湻ģ
ѹֵĴ壬ûһö
֮ǰս˳ʤսǰһ㣬ǵھų㣿
ͣһ£
˵Ŀǰ׬Ǯķֻ;뿪ˣյһ㣬΢
յڰ˳Ļû˹
ҫǾô󣬸־ô࣬ԼսˣѾԸ⻨Ǯˡ
ʤ˳μӳҪսѾˣмԣ첢ûгΣҲҪ죬˵ĵȼҲ̫
Աһ£
мԣ
ɻ
мô£
ѵҪֵȼ


1932 ٴδ
ȻҪּԱЦŽͣһЩ֣ʤ֪䣬˭Ը֮ԣ˵ֹĥҲΪ˴սɵģһɱҲûЧԣƽʵҲΪȼ
ͷ
̶ֳȵıԣֻѹΪ޷ĥЧ
˵Ϊм͸߼ӵһοʼμսʤʮһβ䣬ͿԽмˣмͬʮ䣬Խ߼
Ա
˳䣬Ѿܽӽмˮƽͨ˹ƲȣȵĻҪǰսעֻҪ˽ӡʤʸмսǿ߱ˣ
ͷ
ò˵ƣϵ
ҷս
ԣ֪ҪѺעٽԱٴο
5500ͨ񿨵˹
Ϊ«ҩ֮ǰ׬ʮ򶼻ˣֻʣô㡣
5500ЦһԱѹǮ̫٣ûԸӵġ
涯ˣѺ̫٣˭Ըӵ
£ֶҪѺ
£֪䣬Ҳһ»ᡣ
ǧͨҡȷ̫ˣ
ڷԱãǰλ̫С֮ʱͼһ˹𣺡ҽӣ
ߣһòŮʮģһ
ǸոսĻӺѦ١
ֻ˶ıòϲˣ
Ҫս
û뵽ôսԼ˿΢΢һЦȻսɷܶԼ
ǶԼ֮ǰĲ쾭üֶԼ
ܼ򵥣ˣʮͨңˡʮͨң
뿪ھʮģ°һˣֻҪ˵Щ
ʮͨңõó𣿡
ߡ
Ȼƽĸ֣ʮͨҶ˵ʲôҲ뱻˿װǡ
㲻ùõóòҲҶģҶĵĻԣңˡ֡
Ȼ֪Է˭ת֮УߵŮֱһп֮ܺǰնɱƷһƽĵӣ
ˣܹԼԣļ˳Ȼˣǿ˭
˵ĿΪ׬ǮûǮ٣ûй
ϾѹΪʮ֮һܶвʩչʮ࣬εġ
ͺ棬һС
ʦҪԣңȻ̬ȣ
λ˿Ѧŭǳ⡣
ƽŵӵĴʦ֣⣬ȻΪӵܣǿߣҪԣĸ֣ȻģҪġ
ֱ֪ߵغ
ˣ
ӴѦٵĻ俴ҲûʲôˣҲҪʮͨңҪϣĽԶƽ󣬲ңԸһȥΪӵܣ
ʮͨҶ˵ȷʲôŵʧ
֮ǰƷϢѾΪʦֵ֣Ļƽɢ޶Ȳ׹磿
οĺӣƼţҲܻüô
ã
ͷ
ϲҲûʲô˿Ӱ졣
ο
䣿ǲܵģ
֣дأ
ɣ
Լ̨ȥ
쿴ˡҪ˱ԣ
̫ˣܿ似ˣǾް
Ǽﺰѣ֪ͨǣĵıԣƻǡ
ҪԵ˭
һ۽ӣʶߵǸŮѩҹ٣Һ˵
˭
ǡǳĶС㣬ʲôѦ٣ǸʮĴŮҽҲ

۷׷ס
ȡŽСһ۽ӡΪûҫǵͨû֪
ѦٵľͲһˣΪŮͽҲ˲Сͷˣ֣˳
ͺǰĲѼ֣֪ҲΪż
һҶ֮Ҷޡȷ磬ȡɨģ档
Ѧ٣
ЩûΣڶУ̲סһ㶡
òôɰɣ
͹׬ǮָҲ˻Ů
Ȼѩҹ١λһ۽ӡòλƽյӵļһɣ
̨ڸǰͻȻתԶѦץ˹ȥ
Ķ죬Ůû뵽һͻȻ֣еĳ͵̧ҪֵͷֶԷѾջƣ¶΢Ц
ʲô
üѦٿҪը
Ϊʦӵĸ֣һЩû뵽ֱҪԼ֡
ûʲôͷиӣһ¡

㡭
ٺѦؿڲͣĶ
ӣð
ͨǶ룬ӣ
ѣܲһЩ
ķŭһЦ۾Ժгֵͼڣһ֮£Ȼдȱݣм򵥵Ľܡ
Ѧ٣ǳĶŮ
ݣ
ͨȻαװݣͼݡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪԷʩչ似ͼ¶ʵ޴Ρ
Ȼͺˡ
֪˶ԷȷݣٴοԶһ۽ӣһָѦ٣ղŮˣȻ񣬲ˣʮͨ⣬ѾΣ


1933 Ѧٵĸ
㡭
Ѧٲը
óС㣬һѾߡֱ裡
ҵˣȨ
üӵ
Ǿû취ˣ֮ǰýģһдоɱûɶӦҲ࣬Ҳգ
˸ͣȻ㲻Ǿˡ
âһ۾𣺡Ϊý֣ܳ
ŮˣղƲңвޣѾߣ̲ȥ޷׷ӳȶҲû塭Ҫ£ô˵أ
˫ֱΪĸƷ£ҲΪܸõķӳǿսʩչǿĽΪֵ㣬أһλý֡ұԣһӮǿңҪ롭ӮҲʰɣ
֨֨
ҧ
һһţƶģôоôأ
ôţͬԼҾͳ۸ˣʤҲʤ֮ˣ
ʦ֣ǧܴӦ
һ˵ԽԽѦŵɫס
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ΧֵԽԽ֪࣬£û취ˣ˿
ðܼ򵥣עʮͨңӦͱȣӦһȥ˯ˣҹģյū澲ģȥͰȥóŮܲãôܹ˵ĳǳأ
һЦһ¿ˮ̵ı顣
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ͬâһʾѶϢȷ
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½ƳɫһѹܳΪһ֮Ȼͬ죡
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еҫأ޴ɶ㣬޴ɲأѦǿУɨͨܵУ
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ѦǬһ֣֪򵥣ģ϶ûô׶Ըˡ
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˵һҲЩ⣬üͷ𣬲ɳ˼
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׽˵һȷѩģˣѩһԽԽԽѻҲԽǿ
浶ʩչѻԼܲסˣΪǰһɾܱôû뵽ȻҲԽԽǿ
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֪ȥܲӮˣܻΪ˵ƣѦǬһ͵һ
ˣ
֮ǰ۵ĵ̻γһ޴С
ѩҹ⣬ǿĲѻԽԽǰ浶ʩչÿһ¶µЩһ̻һ¥ʵɱͷԾ
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ʱҲˣԷԺ֮ǰӽһ㽫ӳȥ
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ѾѦǬǰ
ɫһ죬æȥֵȴ֣һնա
꣡
Դᴩ
ȻͬԴʵﵽգǿ󣬶ʱδ㡣
㡭Ӯ
ǲţѦǬſ۾ɵÿҪĳ
ԷóľӽҲõϢ
ղһֱûӳΪõǵζû뵽ͬ׾١
⵶ǿôõֵסһ־ʩչ϶޷ֵ
Ҳ˵ԷȫһоͽɱȴӲϵڡ
ǰһ־Ӯ񲻶ԲʮͨңһᣬһЩ
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ۡ
ѪѦǬˡ
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ʩչ˶٣
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һСѭ


1935 ϲԵȼ

ѦǬһ±ơ
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ѭʲô
أ
Ҳܲסʧԭء
Ǳġ
Ҳһ󰲾һüë
Ȼ˶Ϊλģ˵ĲʵϷŪԷ
ȻƵھȷҲܣСɣ
ѭѭð
ܲܿ׵㣿
̬ⷬȣѦŵɫױˡ
ʦֵ֣סԽܣϾᣬǿǱδ
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ðļһôôǿ
ҫҪ϶˰ɣ
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ʲôū澲ū澣ֻҪͨԷܰԼô
¶ĻַŪ
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ʵʵ˵ҲС
ѦǬ飬֪ղ˵ģڷϻεҡҡͷ
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½ϣ
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þнû˵Լţ֪Щɵ½ƳҲ⣬ЦЦǵıԣҶӰ񣬶Խ⣬Ȼﵽ뻯ľ硭κιһﵽֵزٳ߸ͷһܾҪкԴˣΪɢޣ㣬ɡ
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˵⣬½Ƴϸпһ䣬֪ľ⼸磬Ͽ϶УѾҿԽӴˡûֹҪ죬ߵĸԶû֧ţû㹻;飬ʵ̫ˣͺЩ֪ʶͨӾͿ֪ģȴҪѯʡ
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ѵҪȥţüģΡ


1936 ץ
ڣ϶˵һǧǧסΪԴò֪ߣԽΪ١
츳ͶԽ⣬ƽţӦòѣûѵͣţܵõԴãȻҪܵŵĹԼ
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̧ۿ棬Ȼˣ߳䣬Ȼһһʽ
һҹûϢδ˿ƣõȹ̣˫Ŀڵ磬ûһɬ֮⡣

һۣ֪Է水˵ȥûһ͵
һǳͷһͻ󼶱廹ǷӦϣ취Ļս̫ӡ
ͣͬһУʩչʮΣٴΣǧΣͣתȻҲԽԽϸԽԽӦ֡
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һǸʮҵ꣬һΪȻﵽ˹ʥһѪ
ңǳıʿüǰһ
ˣץ
üëһһӡ

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ȰòҪ򣬾вԵնɱ
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ҷ˺Ҫץңû뵽ֱʣ̲סʵ
ҹѲߣֺ˲ܳɽǱ˽Ӵͼͼı죡ʮǰȥΧˣ˭֪ȫնɱһĲãֳۡķʧˣһ㹴ɽɱʿ
꣬¶Į֮⡣
ặˣ˵˵һ㶣Ȼŭ
ϣҪʦ֣ܱնɱ᣿ʲôЦ
Ҫ˹ᣬҲӦǶԷɣ
֪㲻ϡˣ֤һ֡

ǰеĶһӡ
һѱʹѪĿס
Щ㸮ۡڳģɽıҲгļУ˽ս˹⽫֤㻹ʲô˵
ߡ
⡭һ㶡
ЩʦˣôУ
ЩȷɽıЩ·Ҳǣϴ˻ǽٳ֣ϴ
ǰЩɽĶǳģҲϳ
ɽ񼫣
ϳϣѶǵĿģҪǳɹˣֲ֪жҪꡭ
Ӣۣû뵽ûΨһĺҲˣɽǶȵٹ⣡

컹ûͣʿӿһȺͷ
С¥ݡҩ̡еϰ壬ȻС
⣬ٶܹɽӽ٣зȨ
ʲô˵
Щȷϣٴΰ֣ץúѶ

ֳıʿǰ
֮
ŭ⣬˵ͻȻɫһãҾͺȥϣܸһףģٲˣٵģ治ˣ
߰ɣ
û¶һ˿ʧŻһܣɽƻǣλܹܳȺԣϣǣܹһͬǰ֤ҲֳƽλģΪ֮лԼ˽ף
ã
ͬʱͷ


1937 ֮
ʣµˣпͬıҲһץˡ
ܿ죬ʿҲס߳Ժӡ
δĴȥԸ첻ڻţٴλָ½ŵģһţԵЩСڵʵҲʦڵⷨ˿ֻʥء
뿪Ժ䣬ʱ䲻˳
˿̵ĳѾˣǧ֮࣬ɽ顣
ȻѦһ˷ųϢЧ
ɽǵ£ʮֹģܵĲã뵥ҵĵйأλ֪ǶСлԼϵΪ˱ӣڽйѶƫ˽̻
վȺǰѦ¶˽ı顣
ǳôͲˣ
ɽ˵ö֮û뵽λ

ץסǵ죬ѹ
֮£ڲ˶֪ɽֵô󣬾Ȼ鵽ԼˣҲ뿴ʲô̬ȣǲǻƽ
ǰһȳһ߹꣬ѦƤһ̧֤
ʿ֮ǰļк͹ڵϣһˣЩҶѾȷΪɽܳʹã滹µָơЩУǳͨʿ䱸ģͳһƷѪҺҹµģ
ˣҹʱжͨһֲۣɫ·ˣҹǱ뵥ңڽĳֽף
һ
쿴һۣϳԷ
ǾۡԶһסƽʱദĻ
ҹҲˣмʮˣҵʱ֣պôż¼񾧣ͽʱ¼
һҲ˹Ҳǵھӡ
˵꣬˼¼񾧣¼Ӱչ¶ǰ
ҹһȺҹˣɽͳһķΣϢĽ˵ĸۡȻ󡭡ûҲûκζ
֮ǰΪǲʲôìܣû뵽ģ
ΪҪɽ
Ҳ֣Ȼûˣ±֮಻ʲôΪҪðգ
м¼ݣһȻ
֮ǰɻģ˿ȫм䱻ץסĵ죬ǲš
ңʮǰļ壬û֮һ
ǿʤվģλ֮֮࣬ΪУֻ
Ȼһҹ֮䣬ܱʣţǿ߼ȫҵڣΪҪɽ飿
ʵ˷ѽ⡣
С㡭
ɻʱһżˢˢȥ漴СѦ٣Ҵ˹
ȫ¶Ź֮ɫ
֮лԼ˿Ӧñӣȴֱӳѵʲô飿
Ϊʲô
Ѿߵмĵۿ죬Ѧǲŵı顣
СлԼȻҴδʼһΣƽǰյӣҾǻᣬŬͨ˻ʦֵѡΣΪ۵ӡţֻҪţпҵõҩָƣָܹ
Ѧ¶ΪǺϢ֪ͨ㣡ΪҪɽֹ£ץסŹҸı⡭ѵΪҽţͻὫǣҪʧȥλ᣿֪֪֮ҪţΪ㰡
˵꣬ۿ˳еİԹҼ
ԭǶС㣬ͨƽѡΣλԱֹ£
ҳ˲٣λܻ֮ڣҪΪͶСıӻһС뿪ţΣ˭֪ܵΣգգ°ɣ
ֻҪСʧ٣޷ͻʦֵ뿪͵ʧȥλᣬӶһֱڳ֮䡭ҲͰȫκαˣ
⣬ѹ֡㿴СƺЩף϶Щɽܣ˲
ǰȻóС㣬˭Ҵ
ɽֻҪǮͻ£˭ɲͷϣǺüƲߣ

ߣŻȻٴο
һŮˣΪô࣬Ȼ֪ж£ۣ

һ˯λСһ֣̲̽סпһ
ˣǰӰ󣬶ˡ
˶ͬߺŮ˵οƯŮˣ滨ꡣ
ν֤֤Ը춨ϾĶ㣬ΪҪȥɱɽ
˿̣еɶ㹻ˡ
պҲˣСͨƽ󿼺˵飡
λѦٷǵû𺦣֮Ů塣
У˻ҲͳȻ
üƲߣüı
һеߵڰףõ˳Υ͡
һĻҲĿҪըˡ
˻飬ͬˣ⣬Լͬ⣬ɱˡɱ˲ɣˮ
伫
С㣬Ҫˣģ
ѾԼ˿ƣѦ֪Լļƻɹˣλ죬˵ٶ࣬Ҳ϶ã˿ǰοһ䣬ԶѾߣˣСȥ
ǣѾ߼Ҵǰ
ЩѦתͷԶ꣬Ŀдű䣺֤ȷ䣬㻹ʲô˵
ǵ˼ңΪѦС㣬ͨƽĿˣԱŹɽƻΪ۵ǰɣ
֪˿˵ٶ࣬ǽƱ磬쵭˹
֪ͺãô֤ȷ֮£ϣ
ѦЦ
ϣҡҡͷҡҪƽĻʦ֣
һʲôʸʦ֣
Ϊ᲻ϣ˵֮ǰ˻£ĻҲպ׼˶Բߣֱ׹壬޷ܣ
ɶԷ˵£Ҫʦ֡Ҫʲô
ûʸ񡭡˵ƽյӣֻҪͨʦֵĿˣΪеӡΪǵˣϣҲʸμӿ˰ɣ
Ц
κˣлᣬͨܳΪƽĵӡ㣬ûᣡҪ˵ˣ
ĻѦ̴ЦЦ
һֻʥصķȻŲμӿƽĿˣ˭ĵӣ
οʦ֣һûרΪһпˣ
Ѧ
ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ܹμӿ˵ģһһ½ţֲҪЦ𣿡
ʦæѡţйһ
ӻˡ
·һȻһ¶ζЦ⡣
ˣԹƤ֮࡭ʦֲרŹһ
˵ۣѦһȣ˵ȥԺ棬һ
Ϊβܹˣ
ţһߴӰ˽
ǻӡ


1938 ת
󣬸һλˣĸߴһУĿ͸¶ŨŨϣ뿪Ѧٿˣʱͣ񣺡ףʦ֣
ǱһǳѦǬ
ʮλˣʮģһʵ
ιμӿ˵ſ
ֶ
ѶѦѦǬɻĿ
ѡ˲ţΪҪͬ˭֪սԣûиԣλӣҪܵһͷˮͷԡ
ԾУպô˿ţҲʾƽ˵ͷһת˷еλá
пˣƽѦǬǳҲֻ֡
Ѧһ¡
Ѷܹˣô죿
ʦ֣ΪǵһԱɲԲμӿˣ

Ȼԣ
ӵͷ
ӣλ죬ֻʥأʵ£οɽգƷӣ뿼ˣֱǶԽ衭
Ѧż
Ȼ֪һ㿼ˣҲ޷ѡϣɡҪ˲μӿˣѶᣬҲͱòײˡ
˵ʵ£
쿴
½ţʥأͨ˶磬ǵʲôѦüëһ
Ȼ˵ʡС㣬ѦٵʵΣ쵭
ҼСţ겻ʮ꣬ȻﵽʥشԲʱͻƣѦһ
Ǻǣ
üëͻȻһ
ˣ
һ̴ָϣŵͽһ̶ϳһؽصƬ
ƿϵϢͣգ۹ڴʥشԲͣµļҲֱͦղſֻһңȫչȻûôߣȴҲһҡ
ؼǣǰУĻ½ŵӣ
òƺ˱仯ӸͿ֮ǰʮ֮꣬һȣȻȫԲ
ⲻܡ
ӿҪڵϣѦҪˡ
һУǸСõĴʣζû뵽һ˷츲صı仯ֱͻ˸Ƶģ
𾪵Ů˼ԶѦ𣺡ͬǷСš֪Ѧͷʲôжϵģֺͷƨɣ
㡭
һѦ¡
һɶʱܹˣһǡʥشԲ
ǣܵҲѻȸ
֮ǰɣΪһҪ̳ŹɽֹѦٳΪӣڡӵʵôǿȻҲû˵
һ֣Ըҡ
һЦ쿴ʦִʮꡣ
һ֣
һ£ʦֵͷͬ⣬ȫĿһеĳˢˢ˹
첢ָǰһץӥצ̴һн˹һ
̣
ʮӽ⼤
ȻֻʦѧϰһСӽʦ˲ٹڽĻʩչսҲǿ
ͺСɵֻӷɵû˷ɵͬǰǿߡ
ॣॣॣ
ɳһ󳤽صʮͬʱһǾ֡
ղʩչĽУȻһ˲䣬ͽȫˣ
飬û¶ֱӵڵϡ

ָһбѦٸǰͣζʵ죬һڷеİ֪ΪŵĶС㣬ܲЩ

һȻ
ʮΧֶὣ岻һ󡭡ʵͽֱţ
ҪǷĻʲô
һףѦٽ
ȻͬΪʥشԲ㣡
Ҫȥܻһ˲ܡ
㲻ǷɽҲʵھӣ֤ҹɽĸۡû
Ѧҧ
Ƕۿɽҵĸۡ
شĻתͷղ֤߳
ǡǧȷ
ġˣ
Ŀⶢţͬʱһ
ԷʼղҲˣôߣ굥ҵơʱȫЩη壬˵Ҳû֮ǰôֱ׳ˡ
ľ֮ʱ𣺡Ͷˡ˵˵ʵ
ţ
ͬʱһ
ˣ
֪Լ˵ʲô
͵ڳϹɽ츳ܸߣʵǿƽҲΪӵġ
ҲȫȻ
˾ͺãȻˣǾûʲô˵ˣˣ⹴ɽļһץ
ѦҲһס漴һϲ
ΪԷչ¶ʵϣļƻʮֱζûϵһȱһֱˣ
ҵôˣ
£ûءͷϿ˴ñӣˣ
ץ
һЦͻȻȭʦ֣봫һ֤Ӧʣ
ţ
ӵ˵ͷ
ɣ쿴档
滰һۣŶҵӰ˽ǰñժ
ǲܳ
λɽͷ졭
Ȼɱ
кӶйˡ

Ӱģ·ʱȻ
Ǳǣλɽͷ졭ܳ
һһɽ֣Χ˶޹˿̾Ȼܵδ̫ˣ
ҿλܳȻĻȻѹᡭ
Ѧز
֮ǰ飬ûʵֻһЩα֤ݣһﾹȻλɽͷĿˡ
϶Ҳϴˢ壡
᣿
Цһǰĺɽ˭㡭կԻشɣ

ܳǰһһָѦѦ٣
˵ʲôٺѪˡ
Ѧüëһ
Ѫˣܳȭͷǰһ죬λѦרŹңίɱһˣֻҪɹͨңҴһ£ҪɱûʲôʵǸʹӦˡ
ɱˣ

ȺдģѾ˳ˢˢԶĵ졣
Щ꣬Ҳֻ
λ칫ӣ
ܳŵϾȥ칫ӵʵȻܳɹԣȫûնɱ
ͳɱʵںţ˵϶ûţ粻˵
ãӳ죬ҵλѦֻͨҡҵʱʮߣ뿴˭ĸ˹Ƕ˽˳ңպÿ񾧼¼һĻ
һܳϼ¼Ӱͷų
̿ɭϵĳڣѦվȺǰ棬໤ɽķΣ֣ؽһңȫնɱ


1939 ½ϵ
Ӱ
ȺɽεĻŽֵǱ뵥ĸۡ
Ӱ͸ղͷŵһ
ǰΪɽû뵽ȻǳĻ
αװɽɱˡ

ܿ죬ϳӰм¼ĳ֮ǰ֤¼һģһ
Ϊɽû뵽ȫݣ֪Ȼǳαװģ

븮ۡӰͣܳ¼ģٴοǰѦ㻹ʲô˵
㡭α죡
Ѧɫһס
Ȼζû뵽¾Ȼᱻ˸٣¼
α죿αһԣ
ǰ
¼񾧣¼ݣʵû취α죬ˣžйԡ
ҡѦһС㣬лԼʵǿȻãΪҪɱ㣬˳ס
Ҳǰ
һ㶣ˢˢ
˫лԼ治ʣ˻ǣɽɱˣ
ԼԼϺڹ
ΪʲôҪɱңˣԿ
ЦһҲӻȡһö¼񾧣ָһ㣬Ӱͷ˳
ô֪ҹ˼ԼΪɸˣѻԼùŪȥӰУѦһ߹ͬ
ôܼ򵥣Ҫȫǹ䲻ңҪ˻飬ҳƴȻŽԼȻֱӽԼȡˣѦٲ޸㣿˴ļ𣿡
ӦҲܼ򵥣Щ꣬˲٣ûкͳ㱾ǷϲӦˡֻҪЩˣҪ֣ƾһһܹͣס
ѦЦ
ڿڣ󣬳ʹǱȻС㣬ʹ޺ö죬ĵ뿪˵أƽ󡭡

Уҫĳ¼һ˿
⡭
ԭ˻飬Է˻⣬ҪԼϧɱˡ
ֱЫĳ
Щ꣬ѣû뵽Ȼ¡
ˣ֮Ϊ顭

һĻ꣬˶ô£ٴοѦѦ٣ǵ⡣
㡢㡭
ףѦֻûһ̱ڵء
ţܹ˻飬λܻúζû뵽ȻĽ¶ôǰ
һǳ׳ˣ
ˣϧɽɱδ򡭡
ȥ˭Ȣ
ҪȢˣһɽšˣ
ſڴƻƣҽͽѵ˵˵ļһ
ҧѦһݣ˹
Хۻ롣
ֳѾ˱ΨһķǣͲܳɱ޶֤
ʥصʵһ֣Ǳסȫ䣬Ҳá

û뵽ԷȻҵɱˣ۾һ
ֱλƽӷ
һϣֹԷ͸еֱһֱߵĳѦǬЦӯӯĿ˹ֶҪżѦֻŻŻΪӵܣҳ֮£ʧݣ
۾
ѦɱݺᣬȻŻԼ֣ɶԷ䣬ǰĶ˿϶ᱻͬʱУ
Ȼ󡭡λѦǬͿùܽ޷ཫѦѺЧȡ
ʱͲܳȫˣɳȥ˵
ò˶ã϶ͻųһ¶ᷢ
Ҫ
߻ӱֹޱȵܳݷףŵÿҪˤ
鼮ﵥԩɲԼ
ڸоҲ޷룬֮ʱǰһգ۹ɢӰ٣æ̧ͷȥ漴λĽܽϰʥسǿߣ֪ʱѾˤڵأϾ˺ͷϲһ̵ݡ
ˣ
һæȥ漴ݣӶԷ۾룬̳Գ׹ᴩֱӻʱ
ݣ̴۾Դնɱһλʥǿߡ
ʲôʵ
䣬ܳҶ
һĻӣҲ͵վǲš
ΪǹʥسڣǰѦǬһҪ㣬Ҳͬɲˡ
Ҳ̺ȴ˲ƿʥǿߵĻԴ̴
ؼǡ
Ȼʼնû˭֣Ǵĸ֣
ͺⶫƾճһ
𾪣סĳѦǬҲ䡣
ȻͬûݴӺγ֡
ϸһ£Ҳ޷ֵ
ʦǿ
˿
ʦõģղŵĳǲһѺ
֪ʦ϶򵥣ֻû뵽ǿ
𾪺ͼѹ˵ȥͼǰĳѦǬ͵վһߣѦΪҽܽϰȻ£ڹ̣ܽΪһְ֮࣬ɱЧȣ
һ㶡
ĿѦɱģ
ҪҪ
ֶҲ֪飬ҿһֶΣҳס
ѦǬǰһͰģСŮĻԼǵ㸸׵Զ£ţΥǵΣ˵С֮־϶ҲܵѦĹƻһóľǹƻġ
˵⻰Ӧ˿ݣЦ
ѹϺꡣ
ʦ͵Ը¶
˿̣Ѧɱڳˣλʵߣ˿϶֡
ˣȫƵһϣȻҸɣͺͳû̫ϵˡʱ취ʩӶݣسڵҲ˶ã
£ô㣬λѦǬ湻ݵġ
˵Цˡ
Ҳ̲סߵɳʮλһҹ֮ȫ˵Ϊţ
ʮ񣬶ڳ˵ҲСĿһȫˣô֪ܲ
ֱ˵ڽ߲Ҳ˺ˡ
ߣ
û뵽˵ЩԷ飬˵ѦǬɫһ۾ôѦˣҪҲ⵹֤ݣ֤Ҳ𣿡
˵
Ѧֻ˻飬һжѦûκ֤ʾλйأѦٶԽõֻ˻飡
ԼΪҸܹȥ˻飬ܵǴ𣬲ûдɣ
û֤ݣùԹԵı˵ϻ֪㱳ǿ߳նɱѦƽģֻеĳϣʸá㱳ĸ֣ҶҶ֡ڴ˽ǻŹսȨˣǾã㱳ˣԵֿŵѹ
ЦһѦǬ㱳λΪܵǣ͹Թҵģ¾ʹգҽԴϲĻԼҲվɣֱʡ
۾͸죬ȭͷĿ죬˵
ʵҲ֪ĸ˵λѦмϵҲ뱨
ϧԷ˵Ķԣ
ǰλʵǿƼˣĶñʿдɱʦ޷ֹ
ʦҪ֣ɱ˶Էڵƽ󡭡
ʦʵܺǿΪԶԿ½֮һ
ˣҶ˵ҲӦףô˵˰ɣ
ҡѦǬһ붯ңǽĳǰ򣬱

δ䣬һʥ޵𣬽żӰޱ
½ϣ
⼸ˣ۾һæǰһȭ
½Ƴϣҫǵˣ
һѦǬ˵Ļҭʺ


1940 ŵӿ
½ƳֻǸŵĳϣȴʵʵɾǿߣֻҫǵӵܿˣֻ۵ӵĵطǸģ
Ҳ·˴ߡ
ôͻȻǰ
ѦǬǲţȴҲҵæǰݼ
ǳѦǬ½Ƴϣ
ţ½ᣬ˰֣ǰĻӣôɳ֣
ϣ˭Ӧúλйأ
ָһ¡
ҹͨλģæ׼ʱ⣬򣬵ϴˢԩʡˣλ㲻ģ϶Ҳмϵ

½ƳԴɻ
ȻһۿλľʵʥشԲ
ʵɱӣȫжף
ġԷţӽ֮ǰϸ˵һ顣
ܣ½Ƴüëһ
ţƽϽķΧڣȻƣܵ˲ƽĴֱڴ
ǿסã˹ǵ죿
ǣ

ƽ󣿡½Ƴʵ
һ£תͷ˲ԶʦһۣͷæԸ⣡
ܺã½Ƴϵ˵ͷڿʼǽˣ˭۸㣬뽣ԣҪܽŭ𣡡

һ
ΪҪ¿һ飬ٴʩչʵûϵô򵥡
Ҫǣ֪ԷǳϣΪǸϷ
ţų½ƣԸû뵽ô𡭡
ϲֶΪӵܡѦǬӦ죬æЦǺǰ˿û֮ǰΡ
Էһĳ־һֱӹڵأϣΪ
˵޷½Ƴϴһڡ
ҵңǵĴ壬Ϊս̫ǿ죬ʩչƣ֤ݣ
ӻȡһöƵ˹
屻һֱûͣЪĴѼ֤ݣѼԽ࣬Խʾǰλйء
֮ǰ˵˿̣ƽڴˣκιǡ
ؼҲʦ˼
ӹƣͷһۣ½Ƴ۾ʱ
֤ݣһʮûκ©ʹ
ÿһϰٿڵͳѦǬŲɸĹϵ
ʲô˵
תͷ˹ֽӵǰ
ѦǬæһۣͫ׶Ȼݵڵأ½ϣԩؽ֮ã֣ҲûκκôⶨȻǣŮ£ȥ˻飬ǵͲãֳᡭ볤
ãһĴ𸴣
һ½ϲڶ˵Ҳڵϵĳǿǰĵ죺֤дģȻоݣʱˣܶѾ鲻ټϣԷΪںۼĻңҲΪ
ǣ
ͷ
֪㡣
⸲Ѿȥʮ꣬ʮڣǲ֪˶ٱ仯Щ֤ݼǶԵģҲѾʱǨҲѯˡ
ολΪ˻飬óǣô󣬿϶ʹĵˮ¶Ҳ޴Ӳˡ
ûȷ֤ݣɱһλƽϣ
κ鶼⣡
½ƳĿһǾǡӵ㹻ʵƽ󣬶Ϊ֮ɵȻΪһеСССΪƽŵӣһɹ񣬰ԼĵӴ鷳䰲
ŵӣ
һ㶡
ƽֻ۵ӡ
һź˵ĽɫͨˣѦβͶҪ̵ϣΪһ죬۰Ͱܹ˻飬ҪΪӵܣλڻӵ֮ϣǳҪҪĶ࣡
Ȼܵı
ֻǡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ùʥգû룬ֻдʥشԲôܣ
ƽӵܣÿһλǽĲƸλλŵĳϣֻǿֻҪɹû֤ݣɱλҲû˻˵ʲô
½Ƴϵ
ԶǽСģǿߣƲ˵֤ˣ
ɱɱˡ
һĳѣһ϶˴棬ӵܱȣᣬһ۱֪
⡭
û뵽½Ƴ˵⻰ѦǬüë
òԷ롭λ쿼˳Ϊӵܰɣ
ӵܵĿѶȣ֪һʲҪɹҲܣ
ʳϣӵοˣԸһԣ
˼Ƭ̣
ſˣΪǿǱʣǱʸߵģΪһЩֱӽУҪŵͨҪһʮǰΪʥǿߣڶͨŵĽˣ
½Ƴϵڶ󣿡
ʮ꣬һ£˵ȥͱߴϣʮ߾УΪʥشԲ˵ʮлͻƵģŵĽˡӵܵĴʦ֣Ѿŵı׼ֻҪͬ£ܽսʤʹͨ
ͬսʤ
Щš
ֻʦѧһϵĽԷǽϸ֣¶ʮˡ
ͬҪʤºѣ
½Ƴϵɸԣ
Ըһԣ
û̫ãͷ
˵һλᣡ
ֻҪ뱨𣬾ͼˣ
ϾѦǬ֪ԼҪɱ֪˽һֱ
϶ˡ
ôһ룬ҵɴ룡
ܺã½Ƴϵ˵ͷӣѹΪͬóȫսĪ飡
ǣ
ӵ˵ͷǰΪգ۹ѹƵʥء
룡
˷ֿվãֳֳ
ʦ
һκǿ߱ԣЩżʦͼߣɴ۾һ²ؼ߸߹ģ
ӡͲܣ
ƴˡ
һҧĿ¶ᶨ
ʦѾôˣܲܳΪӵܣؼٲ

һṦ򣬶ĻѾֳֳǰâ˸ӡ
Ϊ϶Ҫ߾ȫĵ죬ԷĽ̲סһ㶡
ԷĽб仯ܸӣʦƺȫЩ֪ʶǰǰͺװŮٻٶׯѵԺҲŮһģһ
һҲһ١
֪Щʣµľͼˡ
Ƴֱָʣգ۹򣬵ҳߡƽķ
ǰһݡ
̴ڽеһ
һ㶣̲ס
ʦķȻЧٴǰһ̳
ǰٴκˡ
һǰһˣʮйȥûһ£ȴʮಽ
⽣
ǿ
󡢻躵ˣȫԭأ


1941 
֮ǰͨıȶ
ԷĽͬ켣֪ǿȴ֪ǿ
Ҳνģ֪Ȼ֪Ȼ
ǰλýǿԷĿĺÿһ£ʦֻȱݴ
̶ʮ̳ʮУûʦܡ
ŵӣҲûֽɣ
Ѿÿˣ
ǲģ
Ҳ̲סʵ
ûĽ֣֪ԷֶΣ˶սܿ˿
һ֣ǾˡͨûʩչԿǡʩչУȷϣ
Ʒ
Уӽʵ̫ǿˡ
һ־ͽʩչߵʵͨҲ޷
òơʦ֣޷ƵöԷʩչУ
躿Ц
Ȼ
оͱƵʦˣʩչʦֿ϶Ҳ䣬ʼ޷ȷϣԷǣǲǡ
ʵҲûа취ҵġ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ̧ͷǰֱӺ˳ʦ֣һ۽ӣ
һ۽ӣǻͨţóĽС
ʩչһۿȥĽӣϲƺˡ
нһ·ѹܵУҲ˴˴ʦֵĵλ
ã
ʦǵ˼һХգ֮£ǰ·̳һĺˮʯգİ
ǰλʩչľУû˿ɣгһ
ԷվڽӵĶ棬Ҫܣֻʹ÷ɽ֮

һƿա
һһϣǧΣ˲ԭʧٴγ֣Ѿӵʺǰ
ˡ
ͫһҲѹƣȫ̱ըƵĳ
ʥգ
ָŽԷĽ棬һ亹
ͬ𣬿һоѾˡ

ʩչȫǼ
Ѿòˣλλģ
ѦǬһΣˤڵء
ҹһֱ룬λĵĳ֣˭ζûϵλƲŮ
ѦٸǿҪץˡ
һġ񲻴ԼѾԷŮˣ
δ޲뵱ȴŮ
޲̾ڳ˫ۣ
Ǹôȴ㶪
ʤ
һսȫ½ƳǸ˵ص˵ͷ
ѹλ֮ǰûֱӴӦƽԭǵڣ볹״λ
Ϊ飬ڣ
ˣǴ󡭡
ü˭Ҳôɣ
ɹܻӣȻͨŵӵĿˣû㹻Դ£ʮʹﵽʥشԲţʮǰʥӦòѣ
ǰλ½ƳԽԽ⣺ڣƸ¼ȡΪƽŵӣӵŵӵһȨ
лϣ
˿ֱӹڵء
ݣûȷ֤ݣҲնɱλΪĸˣˣ
Ҫʲô֮ף
Ŀ⿴ѦǬɫһ䣬ˡ
ʦֳ֣ãҪΪʮ߿𣡡
ҧĿдɱ⡣
ɱ˵ʱΪβ˵
ƺң㱻ɽɱʱΪβ˵
ȴ˵Ѿˣ
ӵһ֣ѦǬܺǿƷ躵ʵ˿ټΪӣȺ׾پͽƷ
Ҳɱ޹֮ˣﲻԸǵҵ֤ݣЩ꣬Ķ£
ٴȡһƣӿУһƬֶʱ˳Էд
ԭ龹ȻɵģһֱΪɽΪ
ȻǱϴ٣һʮڣ
¼ҵλС㣬ǰ⵽裬˵ǲɻΪȻЫ֮¡
ЦһֱΪż񣬾Ǹĳû뵽ﾹȻ˲ɹ

֣һȻ
ѦǬЩ꣬ӻúܶ࣬ڳںţʵϰ飬˷ָ
˿ȫ¶˶һֵ߸֮С
㻹ʲô˵
ѦǬһĻɫףҲ̲סֳֳǰֻҪȥͿɴ̴Էʺױ
ҡһѦ˵
ȻЩصĺܺãЩȫ¶ֻҪϸ飬϶˿ġ
Էֻͨˣȫһ죬ڳŵӣ޷ܡ
㲻ɱҸס
Ŀ֮ʱһѦٷһĳ˹˻
ɱ۾һС
ûʸΪƽӵܣȻҲ޷ҸѦҧ
ûʸ˼˵ҵĿˣûйԣ
컹û˵һ½Ƴɫɳ
ô˽еıԣҲʩչȫôܶлˣ
СŮҡѦ̧ͷղ½˵ҪΪŵӣҪղŽĿˣƽκ飬ʮǰﵽʥҲǳ˵ĵһҲϿɣ
Ŷ
½ƳϿ
ҺλлԼ֪֣ǽʱҲ˵ʱʮˡ
ѦȭͷھʱֻʣһʱֻдʥشԲʮǰﵽʥ𣿴ﲻǲǾ޷Ϊӵܣ
⡭
½Ƴס쿴˹ͼɫһ졣
ҵգȷǽʱ
Ρ
ղ˵½ϴϡ
Ϊܹ𣬿ԲСڣֻҪŬˣû뵽λѦ٣˵˳
ϣ½Ƴϣ̲ס̧ͷԶпȥͼͷбʱȻ룬Ҳ˵ԷʮգѲһʱ
ô̵ʱ䣬ӴʥشԲʥ
ֱûκοܣ
ʮﲻʥûʸΪƽӣȻҲûʸ񴦾ǰλ
νıҲͳЦ
⡭
½ƳϿЦҡҡͷ
Ϊһλӵܣû뵽ֱʡ
ҲõģڳɲӵܣȥֻҪúʮǰﵽʥأͬлᡭ
ӵܣһӴȻӵҲûˡ
ֻҪʮǰﵽʥأͨˣͬԽС
϶Ǳˡ
ΪϣȻԽλӼϱȽɳţԷЩ飬֪¡
ڴڼ䣬᲻ֱʣ˭Ҳ֪
ǡ
ۿһ죬ȭͷ
Ϊܹñζû뵽ջǹܴɣһ
ڴʱһ
һʱ˭˵޷ͻƵʥ
æ̧ͷ漴һֱڴʦ֪ʱվϻ¶ȻŵЦݡ


1942 ʥ
ϡ
Ǽ뺰ʦͼԷҡҡͷ̲סͣ
ղʦרŴ˵ˣԼΪ˵͵Ըͷ¶棬˽¿ʦ֮ǰ˵ѡ
˵˻ỳɡ
ǵѣ½ϡ
˹
ò¶Ȼı顣
У˽֣ʱԷһɴڱò˸ղûϳ˿˵ټͣﲻ֪˭
˵һʱڣܹͻƹʥ
½Ƴü
ǣͷΪȣ֪ʵʵͻƵ˹ʥ𣬵Ϊ˰ˣ̫󣬲Ž͵ʥأֻҪõһʱָӦòѣ
ǹʥ
ɻ½Ƴٴοǰꡭ
ʥϹҲҪи׼ɡſں˵ĺ
Ҳһˡ
컹ֻǸʥصСɱƳһ±ʥȻˣʦ˵ǹʥ
ɶʱɹʥˣ
Լզ֪
һʱԲ˴ţָ֤
˲ţ
Ҫ˵һʱӲ󼶱𣬱ɹʥ϶ûšҪˣâ϶زסŪûᱻץȥСϸо
˼ǰֻлѳƶԷǹʥ
ָʵ϶ûпô𾪡
Ϊ˵͵ǷѾ˿ģ²˼˰ľӡ
˴ţкѣ˵ĵȻò̫ţ½Ƴϻǵ˵ͷӣǴһڣպóڣһ
ǣӦһִ·
ڳס˺üˣʮϤԷԼŵԺ䣬ʮƧ˾š
ܿԺӣת뿪뷿䣬ϷţתʦǰʦҸǹʥ
ǲǾҸղѣ
⡭ɫһ졣
ΪӣʦѣǴ󲻾
ȷûﵽʥһʱ޷𣡡
һЦ
һʱ󼶱𣿡ã
ǲţǲš
Ϊô׽ֿ϶ˡ
ڿʼȫҵҪ˿ʲôʲô
ǣͷ
ӰʦһѾ˾Υʦ
ʮյδתڣͣھԶһˣȻʥֻҪ취һ¾Ĳ֣Ϊͻƣѣ
ġ֣Ժˡ
Ҳܸģ
һ͹̶һģ
ν߻ħʵϾ÷˴ľ
ֻߴľܻ
ҸշֵģûǷԸһԣɹһ죬ﵽʥ𣻲ɹпܱɷˣ޷
ɫء
ֻͷƤըᡣ
˰죬Щֻ֮Уû
ԡ
λʦĿ湻ģ
ȻðݵλʦЩף컹ǵ˵ͷĿûκγɺǣʦģʦ˵ʥ𣬿ˣкβң
Ȼңʣµľͼˡ
ĵ˵ͷ
δ˵ѣνİ취ȷǸոġ
£ָֻҪԴ㹻ͻƵʥҪһʱ𣬳
ֹͨ˸ɣ㴫ڣҲ޷Ūûпܻᱻֱѹ
ԣֻ·
۲죬֣ϲľ˸ȷûﵽȱĵز
徭ֻܶ࣬ͨˣӰټҵ࣬Щﵽʦ˴٣ﵽϲˣ٣ʥأ
Щƶϣģûȱݣ㹻᲻ʥ޸ѪһӶΪӣ
֮ǰ֣ˣΪ˾ſͻƵգʦ½޷ͻƵ
ȻЩۣδɹֻǰλʵ顣
һһڴľڷ䣬ȥͰˮյĹС
˴ָ֪Ժܻˣǰľ֮׼ˡ
ԣϴ衭
ͨܿһ«ǰڵĿˮС
Ҳܿٻָƣϲˣѣұ֤ܲһʱڻָ
ԣ뵽˺«ϴˮ
λǿߣҪЧʥ϶û⡣
ˮǱ˹ɫأʹ
ǣ
ͷշԸϥڵϣһ
ǰһѹ
գ۹ѨԷڣ͵һ
ۣ
Ѫ硣
һ˲䣬ڵľͱʦ顣
ǿҵʹǰһڣιȥ
˿϶ͳܲסˣѣѼӲˣҲʱԡ
סǧܻԣ
ӣԷڹ䣬ѵľ·ӡ
ˮγɵӾڶԷ˵ߣܿ¹һµľ
ȻУæָƣȷûô졭
ɣ˿ԼĲ²ǶԵģָƣٶȺܿ죬ǰǣԷʵû̫ܵˣλͽܣϢȫ٣൱ûһʵ͵ɹǼƣЧͱ˲١
ûʮ£޷ɹ
ٹһʱԷ͹ʮˣʱ϶
«ϴˮ˹ˡ
û̫ɣҧͺȡ
˵һʮѺ͹ʥ죬ֻǺȿˮĻ˲ֺ

ϴˮڣ֮ǰˣۿɼĻָһӣָ
⡭
ɴ۾ζ벻һ«ϴˮô
ͻƣ
𾪣üͷ壬ǳ⡣
ǣ
쾫С
ղžѣ٣ɴڵڣûһģʱʱ»ָ˴ʥشԲ
֮ǰƿıϣһ˲ʱῪ
ƣ
û˿ɣת͵س
ɲǼ䣬ƿﵽ˴ʥزླ
Ϊ
ླڡڡڡ۷塢ԲԲ
һʱ;ʥֻһ֮ʱͻơ
ڴʱԸоڵû֮ǰôͣͬ˳ֻһ޷ͨ
Ļ̫ˡʥһ󼶱ϲԣҲûôס
ɫһһ


1943 챨
ͻƹʥҪʥ֮ϲǣģ󼶱൱ʦ½ʦҪ㹻Ļۣ
ԡ츳ȱٵľʱĶѻ
һʱ䣬ҪԼҲͻƣʱ䲻ˣھνʮ꣬Ѿʱһ˳׻޿ܣ
ˣ
üëָð͵һѪʱӿһѪ򣬱ֱԷȥ
ʧѪ࣬ɫЩ԰ס
ۿһ죬ſڽѪ£̸еڼȴһ˲䣬ȼգӿȡ
ΪʥǿߣÿһξѪ̺˾޴һ¸ôֵ֮࣬󣬱Ԫֻǿˣһյλӣ»ָ۷壬ԽԽǿ
䣡
ڣʥҲܲס˲ըϢδֹͣ
άһӣŻͣ¡
ʱʵȻﵽ˹ʥһѪ۷壬ӰټңҲֻһ֮
ʦ
Ϊһ£˲ϼæǰꡣ
Ϊͻƣʦ̫̫ࡣ
һӣ޷
û£ʱϾҪˣȥɣʵﵽʥһһ۷壬Ӧ˻ɡȿȣ
΢΢һЦ̲ס˼
Σȷˡ
ʧȥЩ̺ľѪû⣬ͿҪټµʱָ
ʦϢ
˵ͷת뿪
Զεҡҡͷָ漴ԶĴղ«ˮδꡣ
һ£һȥ

һ죬壬ۿɼĻָգ۹ͻָδ˹
⡭
ɴ۾
ˣ޸Ŀգ«ϴˮȻɿͬеɶһ㡭
Щ̫ˡ
㵽ɶ
ٴΰͲסǰǱӾĺ«
ʵɣ«ֻҵıұݺأ߳Ƶľޣ°ݡ
«Ťƨɡ

Էһһ㶼ףεĽʣµˮȫװƿ˳ȥ
ƿŵ˲䣬ɫٴαƣ·ͣζʱˤ
˵֮ǰǹʥźѣཫŽɣ˿ΪͻƣǶȥȻ󲨣
װˣףǿʵҪۣ˼ģ϶Ҳˡ

áܲܳɹ
ѡεӵٶȺܿ죬½Ƴϵ˺ܿһ߿ʧķһ̲סʵ
һʱӴʥسΪʥǲܵ飡
Ʒҡͷ
ǰƽû£ҲţҲ
ǣ½ƳҲֻ̬ȡ
õˣһʱͻƵʥԳ֡
֪ϾҪʮ꣬ΪŵѦǬҲʧȥ˾ηЦ
ûŲ漴껺˹
ô
½Ƴϼæ
Ҳ
΢΢һЦתڵ̱ըϢֱ񷡣
䣡
̫죬ͣζ֨ѽ
֮ǰΧ۵ǧˣܵ޴ѹȫе˫ȷʱ¡
ʥһء۷壿
ѦǬһղ˵ĻȫڿУ·Ҫɵһ㡣
ԶѦ٣ٴΡͨһ̱ڵأ촽ͣ£һ仰˵
ƲδһڣǿƵķʽϴĺޱңس飬֡
֪ˣαص
Ҫ첻Բеܹȥ˻飬ҲͲֳ
ֶ֮仹ס
һ£ѦǬƤ
ף
һЦ˼ҵ飬ѦΪˣɱңѱݵ
ָһһ̷ֽ˹ȥƮڿУڵġ顱֣ǸӷĴŮ
˻鲻ɣݡ˵ģ¾˰ɣ
һҪ棬ȴЦ
ۣ
Ҳ̲סѦѪ硣
½ϣҴ˿̣ͨŵӵĿˣǳΪһԱˣ
Էȥ
½Ƴϵͷ
ǾͺãͷʦܣλѦǬϳΪڳ⣬նʾڣ
쵭
ǣӵͷ
ԷŵӣֻţͱʦܣԼĻӡ
סĸס游ĸΪǱˡ
ʱ䲻ѦǬԴڵأֱ
ô˵ֻǸʮ꣬ʮ꣬һñҲֲס
תͷһۣ漴ʦһҰ׵˹
æӭ
ǰλ̫ܶͱѦɽɱˡ
˶ûˣ˵ܹͻƹʥˡ
˵һУǶԷģ
ھ͸ˡҵĶʦҵܹڵĳɾͣǰ͡
ǼûǰͼԼλ𾴵ʦΡΡվƷǰƣΪŵˣΪŵӣѵӦøÿ˸öԪһ£ɲ񣬶ǣѰӻֻҪվ˽Ÿǵõĺô󡭡
һ
աѣ
λ͵Ͻʦ
ôоôأ
ƷҲһ±ơ
Ȼһʱͻ󼶱𣬲²⣬϶λĹͣҪϸѯʣһ˷ܵعҪҩ
ûκ顣
ӦǰʹﵽʥˡԷֻⷽϴʵָˣ
Ȼ˿ٽĸ֣ôҪô˵棬Ҫѣ
̫˰ɣ
ȿȣ
½ƳҲȥˣһΣ죬ŵӣԴ̴ӣ۵ӻţ߰ɣǶ˵Ѿûʲôֵˡ
ǣ
ͷ
ҳñȷûʲôģҲȥ磬ˡ
ҪϺ֣˾ˡ
˼һᣬ
ʦ϶ҪǱȻһֱԼҲܷ£ʵ˾͹ˣ۵ҪҪν
Ͼʦϲ͵˶ˣҲá
Ǻãȥ׼һ£һʱ׼ʱ½Ƴϵͷ
ͷʦǰͼʦεҡͷ
Ȼղŵġѡδյ
ʦǻؼһˣҪȥƽˣ

ھ½ƳϵѾԶˣѹԷûҪΡ
ͷ
ܹȥձѣΪתעڿЧ
Ҳ֪ܹضá̫ˣҲЩˣ
üģꡣ
̫ʱҲǺεģ˵ʵĲ̫Ŀһ־ôޡҲܵĵطɣ
ڸпͿԶģɽܳǰͨڵأдųϿҺȡ
үңԸʹӣڣ
㿴Ȼ̫ˣɽ鲻Խ
ˡ


1944 ƽ
˲֪λݣܳۿƺʦġ
һʥزķ̶һ첻ʱ䣬ﵽʥһ۷塭ۿоһ˼顣
󣬾ܹһɳ죡
ο£ˣΧΧôˣ뿪пܻᱻŭڵ
Щ꣬ռɽΪ£û֪ˣҪɱ֮죡
ҵˣ
üʡʡ㣡úõɽݺǰ;ְҵȥɣ
ֻԷ֣¶Ѧ˵ıһ޶ɽѣ£
˲ҡԸ
ܳҧ
Ǿ͹Űɡ
֡
ˡ
û뵽Է˾ȻܳˣʵҲпԵģұһˣһκŲýţ˯ţҹѣû취ȥ¥ͬʱҪ߸ŮˣǸоˬ
ˣˣʦΪʥ࣬Щ껵ΪʹӣֻӰɣȻŲھɱ㣿
üëһ
ʦ
һ㣬һɽΪˣԺܵˣ
˵
ôҫ
ʱᶯ֣ܳɫһף֪ΪԷʹӣ϶ûˣƣ˲Ϊʹӣҿ϶ᱻЩ˻һЩɽĻǮĴ󻧣ջķᣬöָУʮöԪЩĻԸ׸ˡ
Щ¸ʦһס
һҲУǮ¸ü붯ֽߣͼǰһҰ׵ʦͻȻĲվֱӣѸײڶ춣ʲĪΪ֮ƣѸٽеĴָġ
Ĩȥӡǣһۣĵ˵ͷһ⡣
ˣӽ쿪ʼҵʹˣŰɣ
һöԪʮͨңʮöһټϴָû뵽ɽջ湻ġ
ôǮֻǵʹӶԣûʲô
ʦ
ˡ
ʦ
ôоôأ
˽󼶱ŸĪĽҽôߵˣ㼸öҩ򡭡
أ
ֵأ

ûʲôʰģʱ䲻ʹϵ»ص
ƥƴҪţ󶼱ܾҰˡ
ȥƽ󣬿϶Ҫʥ޵ģʵЩ̫㡣
Ѧ٣۵ӵݣȻȡˣڸƽʱûʲôѣʧȥ˳ıӻҲ̫ù
£ûȥ׷
Ȼûи飬ϾйԼϾɱĻҲûʲôô
߰ɣ
׼׵޴ķʥ޳趯뿪ǣƽķӶȥ
ƽҪʮʱ䣡
ޱܱշڣʦǰΪϲƽȻأ֪ٵġ
µķʥޣȻﵽ˹ʥվ磡
ǿʥޣһɷɳʮҪʮ죬ƽľ룬湻Զġ
ӣνʦ½ֻС
ڼ䣬ܳԪöΪǳ׻ָһԼԼﵽճ۷壬ʱͻơ
Ϊûкʵǿѹ
оҲˣϲԵʱٺʦ½ȷͬһʮ
Ҳ˵ϲһ죬ʦ½ʮ죡
ʦ½꣬Ҳǧ꣬պöӦϿʦͨ
ʱٲͬˮĺأߵҲܵơ
ʥǿߣʦ½Իǧ꣬һ꣬Ǵޡ
ʥǿߣԻǧң꣬͵˾ͷ
½ƳɣҲֻꡣ
Щ죬Լָ㵥Ͳܳϣʹˣټ֮ǰյ̫Ҫʱĵʺ
ʮʱ䣬һζ
ͷմӵƽ漴һ޴ɽţǰ
׸ߣҲǧ֮ޣƲ޴š
м䣬һשʯľ޴󳤽֮ᴩ
ûǰܸеХԼԼҪռ䶼˺飬һ֣ѹȣԶ֮С
ǿ
Щ
ϲ֮һƾŻʦ½Ͳܽĳ˵̺ǿˡ
⣬Ľ⣬֪Ҫǿ֪ٱԤҪʹֽĸ֣ᱻױܡ
£
֮䶯ǰĳȥ翴һĳС
õ⡣
γɵ⾳ЩƣӸһָӳѵζ
һ߹۲죬һ߸ܣʱԼԽ⣬µ⣬øǿ
Ȼֻһֱۣ⣬̺ζһУֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ȫУýʵķԾ
ƽǿʦ̺Խͽ⣬ˣΪ֮̾
½Ƴǰǰ޴Żͳ¶Ϻ𾴡
죬Ҳ彩Ӳ۾졣
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ǰȺǽһЩŵĹأ
ʥ޷ɽŻҪһʱ䣬½ƳϿ˹
ƽ󣬷Ϊ۵ӡŵӡŵӺͺĵ࣡ŵӣȻǺǿˣĲҫ۵Ĵڣ
ĵӣ
۾һ£ȭͷ
ӵܣֻҪͨûʲôˣƽʱԼסУҪѧϰȥģҲרŰݷʦ֡ϡȻЩҪѽҵģ
½Ƴϵ
ң
ǽеһֻڽڲңڣһҪĶҩڿΣӦоУ׬ȡȽ鷳ҪôμӹҪôҪô˽⣬ָΪ֮ʲôҪңûǮ粽СǮԴȡ֮֮ߡٶȣҲҪȱ˸죡
½Ƴϼ
𾪡
ΪƽִŻרעû뵽Ҳô̰ơ
Բμӹϵ˼ǡƽҲͨڣ
ǳͨսѲɣ֮һƽҲֶڣ
ƽȻûͨȴҲͨսףһ飬ͨƣɽƿأ粻ӣ
½Ƴϵͷ
Ȼ
ʵǸľ
ĵӣսҩģͨҲԷӡ
УʵҲкֻܴͬͨϵӵܣſʹáˡУʵʥһأǡʥһأ
½ƳϽŵ
ҫǵֻͨҪ룬ΪǿʥһأﲻһܶǿУǹʥһء
ֻʥһصĻپû취ʩչҲû塣
Ȼطͨһͬñ˲֪˭˲֪˭Ҳ֪Է˭пܣģһλϣˡǧҪܳϡǳ𣬵ˣ϶Ҳ鷳٣
½Ƴ֣صĽ
ϡ
Ľͣǵûнţ۾һǳ룺һ١᲻ͨˣˬһЩ


1945 ʮ｣
ͬ޵С
ͬѹڹʥһأԷ߳ϣܲʤԼһ
ȻˣȫǿŰһ١Щ˺ö٣֪ѶϢ϶Ҳ࣬ܶԷͿϸ
صϢ·ˡ
ź󣬱뾡ҵʵͨԷϵͳȻ󡭡ר߼ĳȥᣡ
뵽⣬̲סһĴȣվ̫ˣô죡
ʲô
½Ƴһɵؿ
Ҿ;һ䣬˵ͳϡ˷ܸʲô
һòϰɣ
֮ǰţҪҪҲ뽣ദ죬ֶԷʱʱ񲡡˼𽥴ˡ
ûʲô˵˵εͷǺһЦ
ס
ʥ޺ܿһߴɽ壬ޱ½Ƴϰһۡ
ϢҴȥˣ
ܳϣס£½Ƴϵ
ˣ
֮ǰҵĿˣֻ˵ʸΪŵӣţҪȥԽ
½Ƴϵ
ã
ǵӿ˵ĵط۵ţŵΪ״Ҫȥԣ֮ǰӱһֻǣԵĸӱ׼սӷʵ
½ƳЦŽͣսΪ״̬ľٳӦֲܻ֮࣬࣬ÿˣᣡֻҪԽ㹻ﵽ𣬾ײ
Ȼ
߰ɣ
½Ƴ˵Ҫŵ뿪
½ϣҲȥ֪ɷ񣿡
˹
ãȻܹԶԽ⣬ԽҲһ⣬պÿȥ
⡭
½Ƴϳһ£Ҳã
£ǲ˽ģ۵ӿ￼ˣŵҲԿˣλܲǽӣȴǵѣȥҲ޷
ٴޱһᣬһߴɽ塣
м䣬һĽڵϣͬ¥
ǽãÿ춼в۵ӡŵӡŵӹԣ
ţȻվУȫųϽ󲿷ֵʵȻ
ϲ֮һֹȻ١
̲סп
ʥس۷ʵΪˣû뵽ȻŲϡ
⻹ֻǹԵģչصǿߣж٣ʲôʵ֪
ЩǷ䣬ÿһһֻ̨Ҫ㹻ĽңͿԿŽԣ
֪ǵһԽò֪飬½ƳϼܣȻһοѵģĿ˲ҪǮ
Ŷ
ͬʱ˿
ǲңɶ֪ҪǮҲò
Ҹǿһ䣬ԲΣȽȥСֵܣҲԵĻȥ̨һֻܲһˣ˻潣Ѽ
ϣ½Ƴ˹ȥʱ䲻ŶһǰסͷڵĽ⣬תԽ⡭ⳬһףͿԳΪ۵ӣʮףܳΪŵӣʮףʸΪŵӣĿǳ룡
ʮף¶ĵͷ
ʮףʾĶԽ⣬ǽΪôġ
½ƳЦ
ǣ
Ρ
ĶԽ⣬ͷŶĽ׿ɣʮף϶
νĽ⣬Ӧòࡣ
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뿪ǺĿⳤȣŵӵļǶ٣
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ףզࡣ
䲻֪ⳤȣô㣬ŵӣʮ׶ѣЩ˾Ȼܹﵽʮ룬³̶ȿ֪
ǰĵ֮УЩ˸ǿ󣬳ף־룬ͿԳΪˣˣҲһ｣񣬶｣֮ĳƺš˵ʷϣŵһλ⣬ﵽʮˣҲΪʮ｣񣡡
۾ų⣬½Ƴǳݡ
ʮ｣񣿡
𾪡
ͨ˻Ϊʮ׷ʱλţȻﵽʮ붼˾ò˼顣
֪½ϵĽ⣬ӶԶ
𾪹˺档
ң
ѯʣ½ƳϿЦһ츳ãʱ򣬿ŵӣûŬŴﵽڵΪһųϵλá꣬޷ͻһףҲֻоʮװˣ
ʮףѾˡ
ͷ̲סǰķſȥ
λͽܣֻԼѧϰһϵĽֻǼס˽УԽⲢ֪ܴﵽף

뷿䣬̿ǰһԲ̨мһ
ӦþνĽ̨ˡ
ǰһƬտԭҰ
ԭûǽڣѹܹýӼʮףȻô󣬶ҿտ޷ķ䣬ҲҪѲ֪ٹ
̧̤ȥģ˿쾫߶ȼУתڵ
νĽ⣬ԼԽ⡣
Сһֱʮ꣬ѶԽԼ͸顣
ģʱһ֣ˮ齻֮Уֱ۵졣
ˣ
ܵ⾳ʵ죬һ׵Ĺâڽ̨ת£ۣǰӡ
۾𣬲ͣת
ࣣ
ǰӵĽ⣬ͣ룬ɫһ
һߣҲǡ֮һף
ʩչȫ⾹Ȼֻ֮һ׵ľ롭˵񲻵ڣԽ⣬۵Ӷﲻ
ܡͬӶҵĶ֡
Щ£ͷ­Ҫը
½Ƴһֱ˵ιƽԼԹģͬӶֵסԣôһ׶ﲻ
ӽܵĻӣС
һᣬͻȻǿһУһָһ㡣
ˣ

¡¡
һ뿪ƣһۻĽ⣬̴ͷų۳ɫӿ쫷硣
⡭
һ飬췢
ղڵĽ⣬þȫҲ֮һףʹʦڵӽû뿪ͣ׽ʩչж
ʦڵĺԼĥġôɡ
ȥ
Σָһ㣬ֱǰȥ
¡
ɫĽ⣬ٿӿգ۹򣬾ʧߣûټ
⡭
գ۾
Ľ⣬һߵˣʩչʦĽɳʧȥټۿ
Գʮףʮһ˰ɣ
ڷɣ
һᣬƺûеͷ쳹֪Ǻˡ
һֱȥǲǴԼûɼ
ˣ
ʱ򣬲ǽڻζһ£˳ɼ
499ף
499ףһ


1946 
ֻѧʦĽУڽ⣬ûκ⡭
𾪹󣬵׹Ц
ڼĥʮĽΪΪ۵ӲѣڿЩ쿪ˡ
಻һ
Ҳѹ֣ѦڳԴӲѷѦĽϰͣڣҲֻǿΪӵܣԱѧϰ޷á
֮һףҲЩӳģʵ£һ㶼ûС
ʦĽУֻѧϰ֪Ȼ֪ȻܽӵôԶҪ⣬ָöǿ
ڵĵ죬ֻᱳĺӣʦڵĽУˣܹʩչΪҪʩչʩչ̺ʲôİءһϲͨ
ˡСٶζҲ˵ѾʫˣԺһдǧ䡣
ֻᱳУͽӽף⡭ָö죿
˵ʦ׳ףﵽԶľ룿
ԡ
һ󼤶æ˳ȥ
ѧһ콣ôʦԳ֣Ȼʯ쾪
ôɳʮף
½ƳԴŵĿ
Ȼ²⣬Է϶ܹͨõȷд𰸣Щġ
ˡ
ͷЩ졣
Ľ⣬ֻ֮һףҪ˵ʵϾͱϳȥˡ˼ǰ󣬻ǺƤϰɣ
٣
ͨ½˿ٴοǺ档
λĽۼײβŴʦֻӣֵס
ֽ˳ʩչ֮УϿǰɣ
ǡɼ
ӻȡһƵ˹
ղųֵĳɼȻ¼档
û£ٶν㻹ᣬֻҪʮףԺúѧϰиĽռ䡭
ǲ˼ֲԸֱ˵óƣΪɼһ㣬½ƳЦŰοһ䣬û棬Ӳûڵϣһġİپʮף
ţա
ѣɬ

ֱ飬½Ƴϵͷֿ˿ƣץץסͷ
Ѿвɣ
һߣǶ˵ģһΪչʮףʮһס
꣬İپʮסɼôܶĵӣ
ⶼΪ˺òã
ôǿ󡭡Ȼ˼죬˼˵ã˼÷򰡣
½ƳֻԼԷݺݵس飬֡
ɼ˵ģһμɼôã⸱ġ
ͺԳɼͬѧޣôֹסܹȥοãԷ˵ĵʵ顭һٷֵĿԣֻ˾ʮš
ܹȥο˵Լֻ˾ŷ֡
˿̵εĺ޲еطȥ
ٺڣáܲ˼
ǰ̫ˡ
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ã
ͷ̧˽ȥ
߱߰п
յѧûѧ٣ǫ顢͵Լмƣʮֲ
ӿɽ̡
Ϸţ̨
ôû
תһȦտҲһû
ѲɣԽ⣬Ҫ
ûŪİپʮףСӲ
ѹֿˣŽԭûṩλӣýӽӽһԽ⣬ûԼˡ
ûûɣȻЩӰ죬ӶΪʦɲˣ
һüëһһɽ̴ͷŶ
ʦ½Ľ⣬Ժвָͣǰһ㡣
һָ⡣
潣֣ɫĽʼǰ죬ָܿĽâںϣ
νĽ⣬Ѿڽâ֮£ǰһ㡣
һ顣
ô£
Ļһ׶
Լѧɣ
ҪͶˡ
Ҫ۸Ľ⣬ͻƽâС
üëһϸ䵱ڽأĽżĽոսʱܵǵ⡭
Ժвͣǻһ޵еϢ̴ͷųһ˲䣬ǽһأֲӵĳ
¡
ϵĽⲻͣǿܵİɫԽԽ࣬գ۹䣬ŨĽ⣬ۣγҺ塣
ǲһףܡ
ڽ⣬Ѿѻˣٴǰȥٴһ飬ûιȥ
ô󹦷򣬻ôǰĽ⡭Ȼûһף
òᣬôĽһ۵Ӷɣ
ҪĻӽôŪ499׵ģ
Ҳţǧ⣬Ϊã
ץһͺ꣬ͣΧɢĽ⣬価ָĽӣ
ӣûýŪôԶʦĻ˶ᶪ
䣡
ΪҲΪʦϣ

á
һ꣬ȻվȺ֮С
û˸ҿ·ȻӵȺƿ
ҶʦܣԣûȤһȣ
ˬʵЦȺɢһλų˹
׳˶վȺУȺԸһͷ
ʦȣʦܷǣ
Ҷ꣬˵ͷ
룡ҵһȥ
ҶϣԱߵһ䡣
ȻǽǵʵټϽӵķûǽڣ׿Էľ룬ҲܸõĶԱȡ
ǾǺĵУҶʦֺͺʦ֣ʣһŵӣ̲סʵ
ţǣ˵˶ڳ໥ȽϣѾάˣ
һλ֪ĵӵͷ
ҶͺңںĵУȽϳмߵ꣬뽣ֻһ
ԣȫнϾҪ˭һ̤롣
ʦ֣ȿʼɣ
ȥ˵ۣҶ뷿䣬վڽ̨ϣγкһ䡣
ֻʹý̨ϵĽʱ̱ųΪܸõĺͽںϣ˽һ
ͬʱʼɡ
ںҹһЦг͵һ
¡
޾Ľ⣬ѨŽԶӡ
˻
ֻһ£ͳ˷䣬䵽˼ʮ׿⡣
ʦֽҶҲ˲УĽ⣬׵ƥǰС
ٶȲʦûٻѹ򣡡
ԷϣҪԼһЦ
ʦֿҲûţ㽣ӵٶȣϴο˲֪٣
Ҷʾ
˴˱˴ˣǾͿ˭ȳףΪɣ
һХϵĽⱬɫƥԸٶȣǰ壬ûԶͻȻһζС޴ѹȸϮ޷ǰ
ͫһæҶķȥͼԷĽ⣬ҲͣܵѹһĲͣ
ģ͵ͼʥޣһ
ô£
һأ
ʱӳȥĽ⣬һ˲ըɷĩ
ۣ
Ѫλǿĺĵӣʱˤڵء


1947 
ǡѹ
ǿסϵƣվ
ΪţƽĺĵӣףĽ⣬ȫλѹųֵ
ǽϽ⡭
Ȼѹô£
Ҷ㣿ɫһ
ĵӣι˵ģֻҶѲǶԷʲôĽ⣬ŵԼԶԶ磿
æһ࿴ȥͼڷڵĽ⣬ƺܵѹȣڿУһ㣬һҶ
ҡҲܲˡۣ
ûҶͬһѪ콣ɢ
ݷף
⣬һ⾳еĵͣеȻĸߡ
ͺʫ⾳Զܰʷ֮ңдǹʫҪܵϺŮһᣬȻѪͿҰݣǾӧ⾳͵ģֻܴգް
ȻֻǱĽ⣬ʥ޵Ѫһ͵ģߵģԶе£
Ѫѹ£ô
ҶΪٮٮߣȻʩչ⣬׽ѹһ㷴ûУ׷ʲô
˭ӵ
Ҳţܳô࡭
һҧٴڽٴӿ
أ
λûγɰâ͸еһ޽بԺֻҪҷͻ£֮أ

ͷð亹ٲҶ
ֱ˿̣ףǵ㽣⣬ͶԷһȣֱԱȺգ
ͬһϣ
ǿжԱȵĻֻȡ裡
ʲôʱ򡭡ðһλǿߣ
Ǻĵ֮еǼҲɡ

ͬһĻҲ䡣
һ˲䣬ڵпߣⶼ⵽ѹȣá
Һ

ƽ󣬽ã
һѶ鼮ӡ
Τ˲֪죬ڽֺ͡
Τˣڲѯͻ᷽࣡һ˽
һλϣԪ
ǰõ鼮ȱµĽ⣡ÿ˵ʲͬͬĽҲͲͬЩ࣬ȷѣ
Τ˸ЦһҺãˡҲһΣɱ
鼮֮ڣҪѧϰֻҪϸ򣬾ȱǵȷܷ㣬෱࣬ú÷࣬һôϢϮնΪ棬кܴˣ
Ԫϵͷôϸ滹עͺͽȷ˼󹦷򣬹û
ǰо۾ҪŪϹˡ
ΤϵȿţȥϢһᡭ
ţ
ԪӦһ뽻һ䣬ͻȻһ

һ鼮ڵͬʱǰȥͼոõĽ飬˿ȫܵʲôٻһ㣬ˢˢһ⼤ɢײ졣
彩ֱΤϸо˶Ҫ޳
ò꣬ǣʲô

û鼮ͬʱһ㣬һ򣬰ȥƽߣ
ž
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ҡ٣
ǰһڣΤһΣûסһѪ
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Ӧǡ˸߼Ľ⣡ЩĽ⣬峯ݡ
ԪϷӦ
֪粻áΤץͷ
һҵܺ鼮ԪҲΣҪˡ㻹ɱɣ
Τϣ

ƽ󣬾޴ŻǰӰڿС
ʮߡ
һλü֮УŷĽƺҪض˺ѡ
ұһλɫԲЦӯӯģЩͰ
ϲԿռȹ̣ѹ½Ƴɾ磬޷Уȴڰգʵ֮ǿƿֲ
γϣʮˣɸµĽ⣿ɫԲߣЦ
Ľô׽Ӵ
߽ĺγҡҡͷۿֻȱĽ⣬ѹҵľĽӾˡ
ǰʣܼ
ɫԲߵͷδ䣬ͬסæ̧ͷǰľ޽ȥ
¡
޴ĳͣζʱƿնɣ׵ĴţЩܲס
ͫһ
޽ƽһ̮ſ϶Ц
ǽ⡭µĽ⣬Ӧʲô
γҲ˹ȭͷһ
潣ܸӦʲô
ɫԲһ£ٴοȥͻȻ彩ֱˡ

ǰľ޽ʧȥ֧֣ҲܲסȻ
ôĽȻģʯש֮Ķѻɣܹ֮ǧ겻ΪµĽά֣
˿̣⼤ʱʯͷû֧ţﻹŵס
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޴ŻҲܲס£ʯ׷׹ڵϣҳһһĴӡ
̺Ľ⣬ʧȥಣһ£ƿʧټ
׷ʲô
صķ棬͵Ͻλͬʱˡ
ΡΰеӶΪ֮ɽšˣ

ǲС
ܹн⣬ȫԺתһ飬ǰʼûһ׵İâƵĿҪըˡ
Լĵӣѧ˲һϣֻѧһУŪ499׵ľ룬ʦ½ͺųƽţһ׶㲻
˰ˣ
һƣöˡ
ɡ
Σջ֮Ľâ۾ͻȻһʵʲôһԺƺʱҪľ˺ѡ

ʱͼڵһɫ鼮˳
žણ
ĶһӡС
ҵ֮ᡭ
ǰһڣûιȥ
Ȿ飬յŵõģϲ̺͵ƣΪ˻ָơԸȥ򹫿Ⱥ«ϴˮá
˿̾ȻͻȻܳʲô˷ѵ
һҵۣͣס˺
ҪҪôӣ
ţƽͨúýѵһ֮࣬û֮ᣬôˣ޷ȥ̫
ܹͨݣǾҪIDӦûǺ׵ģ
ʲô⣬˷ҵı
ҧٹ˲ϼԽⳤȣæջأһ֮ᷭ
ֻ鼮ڣһĽ⣬ͣεǽ㣬ס
ⶫ
ĸˡ
Ū˰죬һ׶ûﵽ͹ˣζû뵽ĵƣ˷棬Ū˸⡭
⣬ɽھ޽̺ǵЩƣ
ƣϸһۣⶫʶĸо
뽫ָȥһ£˼ٵ
Сֵܣû°ɣ
תͷȥͼŲͣζԼٲȥ½ƳϺ͵죬ʱ
û¡
ôżֻ÷˼۲̧˳ȥ


1948 㿼˵ʱн
򿪷ţ̿½ƳϺ͵ǽŵĿ
ôˣ
⸱̬ȣü
Ͳһô
ûˣ
Ȼ½Ƴ˿ɻ
ˣ
ȻԽ⡭Ҫ˵𣿡
Ѳɣԣʲô˼ɣˣŪԶ
ǣ㿴
ʦһãȻͷһָܡ
̧ͷȥһ֮£һ
ֻܵĲԷ䣬ÿһ߳ߣڴڵѪݲҰףǾ񶼱ѹһ㡣
һ
Խ⡭ҪôղźûѪ̲ס
Եʱ򣬾ûѪôôˣ⸱ˣ
ǲԵԭǸղţԵʱͻȻһǿĽ⣡Ϊ̫ܵѹƣų½Ƴϵ
ΪųϣԽ򼫸ߣ֪Ҳ࣬ûȥԹǹɽǿܵˡ
ڳôĵӡڶԷУһ㡣
ǿĽ⣿ѵܴﵽ񼶱ˣ
һ㶣̲ס
ֹ¶ܴﵽʮ½Ƴϵͷ
δʮ｣񣬵ʷľֵղŵѹȸУһ⣬սˣûܹ⡭˵ǿ
Ƽ㲻ʮ｣Ҳ
ڸߡ붼롣
Ͼƽǧʷģһλûֹ
ʮ｣񣿡
զ࣬зų⣺Ͽ֪λ
һ׶ﲻԷȴý⣬ﵽʮʵ֮ǿƿֲ
һҪ
֮ǰţƾͬ޵еͨ̺ɨɨġţڿûôף
ʮ｣񰡡
ǿľţԼɨģʮ｣񣬹ҲҪ
֪
½Ƴҡͷ
Խ⣬õƣҲֻڵĻԿԵĳɼ˲֪
ˣ㡭ղŲԣɼǶ٣
̲ס˹
λЩġ
ƴӣǺѣҲôɣ
ؼǣܳλϣͬء
ֻλһֱܵ͵˼λײʱϡͿԴ½Ĳ飬һ֪ҲͲ׷ʡ
ηҪԣҲǴſһµ˼ŴӦġ
Ȼ˶ҪԣųϣҲǮķѲ
ң
һˣ£ǻѣ
㲻˵Լ֪ˡ
˵½Ƴҡҡͷ߽ȥƬ̺һö˳д˶ԷողԵĳɼ
΢΢һЦͷȥһۣǳ鴤
壿һף½ƳΡ
ѹֶԷ˵ɼȷ˵ڣ
һĵ쿴һۣٴοǰʦ֮Ũˡ
ʦһֱ˵Լ͵ãǲ˵˵ףĵ͵
㴫ԼŪ499ףԼȥһףûŪҪǿ࣬еƷʣôں
ʦʦ
һ㶼Լô䣡
Լûװģĺɬ
һóͽܵ棬޲һͷײ
ʦ½ôͽܣûôˣ

ȥɣ½ƳϴΡ
ղſô˶ѪλһûУţǲλʮ｣񣬿ϵļ¼סˣ
һ׶Ľ⣬൱ûУûн⣬ȻҲӦԷǿҲͲˣ
ڡ˭λֻǸųϣ̫ߣѾӴϣβѯȻŸ߲
»صס½Ƴתǡ
쿼꣬Ҫƣȥϻᣬæŵƣһеܽӵ499׵ĳţŵĽ֪
ܹˣͻڵʵӶΪųϣ
ʥһ·ۣʱ䲻˳ϵ
ûǰͿüλϤĳϣȫż߸Ϲ
⼸λŵĳϣѣֻͻǵʵӴԽԽˡ
ľϣôżʲôʲô£
ÿ˶ҴңһҲ̲ס½Ƴϣסһλ֮ǰϵõģʵ
ô£㲻֪ľǸЩݵˣɫĺ룬ɫĳۣŶҲԣֻǸųϣûʸμӳģ֪Ҳ

½ƳΡ
ҪҲ֪˵һôֱʲô˵ʲôġ
ľޱ飺Ϻ죬˵ɣ
ţ½Ƴϵͷ
ĵĳϣһһĴϣŵʱӵһĴȨ
֪ҲûϵΣϾݣţûҪӲšľϽŵ
ȿȣ㻹˵˵쳤ʲô°ɣ֪λѣ˵Ƚ߶ûж⣬½Ƴϼæϡ
ģγϣոϵĳϴѶ˵ɽż޽ˣ
ľϵͷ㼶̫ͣûʸõ֪ͨġ
ɽˣ
ԷĻ½Ƴûȥǵɴ۾
ɽź;޽ƽš֮־ֱƾ죡
ˡ
ŵϣǺܴˣ
Ϊλ϶Է߶æ
Ҳ֪ղһǿƥĽ⣬ͻȻ֣ӦҲܵ˰ɣ⣬ͨ˾޽ڵĽ⣬Ӷ˱ľҲһͷˮҡҡͷˣ²˵ˣҪȥμӳϻᣬˡ
˵꣬ͷתգ۹ʧԭء
һǰһһ㶼û䡭
½ƳΡ
һΪͣ˲ˣû뵽겻ǰһɲô
ͨ죬Ҳ֪ɽˣŵϢ
⣬ѵǸղλʮ｣񣿡
һ
ǹɽ⣬Ҳܵˣ֪û뵽ô
ɽž޽ŵĽ⣬ܹͨ
˭
Ƕڿᣬڹȥŵӣ᲻᲻ʣ
˶£һųϣȻȥֻΪ˱һŵӣƺ̫ˡ
ˣǽȥһ˰ɣһβԣ499׵ľ룬ĵӶҪǿϲ֪ٱؼڵΪŹʥһء೤϶ڣ϶ӣҵõĽҲ͸࣡
һᣬ½Ƴҧ
϶ˣҲãţֲʲôٵģ˵õӣ
پᣬҴϵķ˹ȥ

½ƳȥϵǰĵӣҲͲסеɻ
㡭ô⣬Ūİٶ׵ģ
һ׶ѵѧȴôԶʵ벻ͨ
ҡʦѯʣһΣʦڵĽֱӰѽ˳ȥҲû뵽⡭ôԶ
ӽеĽ⣬ȷȵȣ
һ飬˹˵㿼˵ʱн


1949 ߻ħ
Ȼнûôʩչ⣬пˣ
ûͻȻ۾Բһ飺ҽ뷿󣬽ˡʦûͲ˰ɣ
ΪʩչƽĽ޷ӳǿĽ⣬ԡ뷿䲻ãͽˣΪǰûǽҲ֪ɵȥû취ջء
ʱûô࣬ʦͻȻһʣˡ
ûôʩչ⣿
ͺͶŹţ̶̣ûУô
ɡʦͬ˳ɼŪ˸֮ס
൱ڹţӲСͰ̡
ôġ
Ҫˡ
ȿȡ
ȷϣؿۡ
ԣ˶ǿӵǿʦ
ô˸ô׵ѧ
ѹôһף˰죬ô¡
²ҪȥҪչ
֪˵ȥʦϵȻ޴棬˰֣ԷתԼķ䡣
һᣬеѹȥָһ㣬֮³ġ
˷һ飬סһ⣬Ҫô£
Ὣᷭٴοǵҷһ㡣

һɶԽ⣬˳ָüģһɲǼ䣬ʶƺҪԴűͬʱһӴ쳹Ժ
֮Ҳش룬Ϊһֵ·
һᣬ̳С
ȣ֮ǰֱСƣС׼ס
Ȼûģʦ½Ͽɵ޴ǰǰ©ٳ
ͺСѧѧ֪ʶ׼ȷ˴ѧһȷ
δأ
ţѧ꣬ͬ⵽ɣɴˣۡ
ŴԲط˶˵󣬱ÿЦ̫ġ
Ȼ󡭡˵̫ģͬЦ
֪ʶڽҲˡ
ν󣬻νЦ
ǰ˶Ϊжٶȣ˿أ
ʦ½Ͽɣ޴Ľϲԣˡ
ѹ֡ҼҲ޷Ӧϲԭϲ˵Ĺûôȷ©ٳ
˵ÿԼĶԴĻʲô棬ʲôǼ٣
һЩã
һһҵɷңǷᱻǹУңͬ£ܷǵû£ܵ
ѵҲˣ
ʦ½ΪȷģϲδϿɣ
ѲɣġǴģ
һʹ֪롣
ԴǰʼһֱŲɣһֱţȷޱȣȴͻȻֻ֣ʦ½Ϊȷȷ
˿ֻš
ڵĹתһ㱣иڲѣǴģ
似ʩչͬ𣺴ģģǴģ
۾̺ͷڣڵͣζҪըѣʱܲס
˿һĻȻס
߻ħ
һֱȻϲԣ£߻ħľ磡
ҿӣʱܲסױ
¡¡
⣬ͼҲͣζ˵ʱ
ڵ͵ͼݣǰһС
ۣ
ͼ𶯣ҲܲסһѪ硣
ˣ
Ϣңߣʱܲס֮ʱϹŵһɫ׹ͻȻɢĹâڡ
ɹâ֣ҵľ̳Ѫɫ۾Ҳָ
ζͼݣ·Ҳĳ־ƽ
ʶѣ·õĳ֮ǰҲĸ
ԭˣǴ󣬶ǡ˲øӺۣȫ桭
äȣ˵Ǹӣ˵ǽβͷߡ

Ը˵ûȴǴġ
޷۵ȥ⡣
ʦ½ţѧĻϲۣڸķΧõĽͣѧں΢вۡ
ٸӣţѧһл֮һǰ˵ԴȥȥٱȻҪӿ죬Ϊ֮ǰ֮ı
ʵȴǣٺ㶨䣬۳ٿ죬ԵĽȫͬ
֮ǰȷĹɣʱѾˣϸ˵ûдֻǡǣ˸Ӻ磬Լµ֪ʶ
⡣
֮ǰĸ˲֪٣֮ǰĽǡ⣬վλøߣҲ͸
ԭˡ
ģ˳ںϣڽ⣬ǿ
֮ǰνٶ⡢⡢⡭ˮһԺںϣٲֱ˴ˡ
ѹʦ½ܽ⣬ںһΪܶȫͬԭʣվĸ߶̫ˣ
ԽһȻ
֮ǰʦ½ˣר˵˺٣ֵģڣ˵ܽںˡ
֮ǰһֱΪΪ츳ûжӦ鼮
ڿʦ½ȷɲˣ츳޹أǸ߶Ȳ
ţ٣ܷɣΪƻԴϣ
ԣΪվ˾˵ļǰѧңѾ֪ʶѻزֻƿ
ˣ
ںϣ˵ϢǱһĳ궼˾޴ĥºʹ
̫ˣֽҲŻͬ޵У
֮ǰͨûܵΪҫֵط̫ƫԶ
ƽ󣬸ܵɽϵǱ޽е⾳ףʵûеôǿ˿̣׽ںϣλʮ｣ĳ֣ͬҲδǶ֣
ˣ
ںϣ򣬷ӡ֮ᣬһȼգһ̾ʧȥټ
ǵûԿ׬ˡ
һЦ۾
ղһֱã֮ᱻ˷ˣƵҪ⣬һ£˾˵ļ򡭡ʱףǵû˷ѣ׬ˣ
ȻƾȥּĽ⣬ʮꡢ꣬δܹ
أлл
׹ģ΢΢һЦ
ղ߻ħʶңͼݲûסؼʱ̣͵ĵ׹һ
Էܽͼڣ᲻ᣬͲ³Լ
ǰԤУ
ͷȥˮĵ׹ڲѪҺһʺ죬ɹʶĿȴ֪ΪΣоƺǰһЩ
㵽ʲôݣ
֪ͼݣԤеص˭
ܵˣ֮ս̽񹬵Ϣ
оƬ̣֮ͼݣ׹ûκΰ취ҲͲסվ߳⡣
ܳҸһȥ̽һ£εõƽͨĻŪö
صԺӣҵЧҵ£˵һ


1950 ʦϣ
ϵϵĳϣΧڷ䣬ء
ãòõ鼮Ӧ⣬ͬʱ˳ݵĶ̮Τϵ
ɽſʦµľ޽ױɽҲܲסɫԲߵ
ڲԵӣڵĽ⣬ȫѹȣˡһλϱȭ
λԷ£һ˽ˡ
˽£ȫ㱨꣬мĺγվһܡ
ǣ
ס
ƽԳ˿ʦ֮⡯ʣʵĺ󱲣Ҳֻýʮڣ˸潣⣬ɽž޽ܲסн飬ȫλʲô˵ģ
γϵ
ţƽ£꿪ʦճһս£ȡ˰֣ɴ˲ˡáˡƺţ
һλվǼǧ޲ָٹ⣬ϧһֱδɣȱ⣬˵ҽֻʱ⣡
ţǿԹͨġǹڣá֣Ψҽнãڣ֮ͬ⡯ֻҪúҽ󣬻ֲܽ룬󣬼пܳΪͨƽ
Ϊ֣ҽ󱲣ƴľѪʼûгɹڡѾϣ
üλͬʱһǼ
֮⣬пܴȡʣµİ֣ţԡ֣ҽк󱲵
γϵͷȭͷ
½ڣҪϿɣֻһǾǡ֣
ƽΨһֵģֻֻǰûʸ֮ϣֻܷһͨĲԵá
վɽǰʮֺ꣬Ϊζ޵еĽ⡣
ϧʼղҪ졣
˳ɹ㲻˵Ҳ£
ȥϸ飬ɽ⣬˭򣡲ˣ棬󣡡
ĿһγϷԸ⣬£ھԻܣ˭⴫й¶Ϊţ⵽ɱ
ǣ
ȫɫһݡ
γϵͷɢ˰ɣȥλӣ˭ȲһὫϱ˼ңԸ뽱
Խ
۾̺ˡ
ʵɲ⣬Խô֮󣬲붼֪
Ǽ֮ʱһ
γϣųϣ½
½ƣ
γü
ƽڶ࣬ųϵλ̫ͣûʸ
£
˵һλţæ룬ŵ

ţγüëһ
˹ĿģΪѰλ֮⡱ĳţλͻȻ֣˵һλǼ
ܿ죬½Ƴϣǰ
˵Ľʲô˼
γϿ
ģҸӵܺ۵ӵգ·ҫǵʱ򡭡
½ƳϽ飬ȫ˵һ飬λɨ˵ġġԼɻܻӣý⣬ӵ499ס
ڽµ
Źʥһأܽ⣬ӽӽһ
γһ
ڵгϣҲȫɴ۾ǲš
⾳ĸ񣬺˵츳Լйأûгǿʵ϶Ҳ޷ڡһʥһصСԽ򣬽ӽһ
ĵӶҪǿ̫˰ɣ
᲻
ɫԲ߿˹
ʥһأʮ꣬Ӧ޷֮⣬ܹҲܲסǿòϣǸţ
γϵͷ
֮⣬־磬δܹܵˣԷһʮʥһص꣬
Ӧòǡ
Ȼţҽ󲻻λ죬̳ΪŵӣԺĵӴԴﵽɾԲͨˣֱӽ
ͣһ£γϵ½ƳΪŷ˲ţûɵһöⳤϡ׳λɾɹ̽ųϣ
лγϡ
˾޴ĽҲ̲ס½Ƴ̹ڵء
ɵĵҩ֮һÿһöϡޱȣǻǮͿԹġ
ɾ۷ǿߣһöӰٷ֮ʮͻƻᣬΪʹﵽͷⶫͻƼʾԴӣ
ολϻ
˵ʵΪųϣκѣ
йͣйطǽĹأÿΪųϣλ죬ϵͽӴʲô⣬棡
γϽ
ǣ½˷ܵȥ
ţ뿪γٴλˣˣλɢ˰ɣסҸղ˵ĻֻҪҵλţԱȸ½ϻҪ񣡡
ǣ
ˢˢ˳ȥ
˵쾡ţƽȱľˣĵУһĶڡ
Ȼ𾪣ȴҲû̫ע⡣
˷׷뿪ܿ췿ʣ£γϺԲߡ
ҪѶ
Բ߿
£¹ش󣬱뾡֪ͨγϵͷ
ںһһȵġͨšʱѶòŰɡ
ԲЩǡ
Ӧòᡭ£ǲȥſ϶Ҳᴫݣ˸ϵǰ棬֪鷳ˣγϵͷٶ˵ȡһöһ㣬һѶϢӡȥȼһ㣬ʧǰ

һ֪ߵɽ棬ɺ׷裬֮¼ӰһԲȦ
ˮ죬ƣԶԶȥͬɾ
ҾðǰĹɼɣûҪڣ
һòŮӣ豭
ǰĹɣǺܲҲܺôδɹʹã»ͬصޣ
һλߵ
ǰߣʲôð취˵
ŮЦһ
𰣬ǹΨһԹͨڣӦö˽⣬Ҿۼʵ˼ǲ˵һֱһ·룿ҼûӦҲҪﵽ˰ɣ
һü
ܹͨӦףʲôĴڣܹͨ˽⡭⣬ǿ쵽ˣãǹа취Ҫ۸һ£սһ˭Ӯˣ˵
ŮӶüһ˹
ˣҾһģҪ
֮ǰ˵ߣҡҡͷ˵һ䡣ŹҲ֪˵һˣҪ£飬϶ûнҸղѾϵͨĿ׵⣬ӦúܿҲ
δ䣬һۣŵˣͻأǰ¶Ц⡣
Ǻ˽ҡ


1951 ʦ£
ǰλȫˢˢվ
ȻΪǰλȣǲһء
ţͬ޴Ĺңƿһͨȴ鲼£˵ĵطͨͨ
ܲʵȴƿ¡
οǰ˵ʵ׶ǿû֪
ߣƣǰλȴʼղһ㣬ǧǰպգ˲֪ڵգȻ˿δ䡣
㼸վڴ½۷壬Ĵ𾴺ͼɵ
׵
˱ȭ
ÿͨЦЦ
鷳һ£һεͨţȥǼǰԼأǴƹɡ
֡ߣڵ
ǰǧǰһˣͨţǿߣԵõһ֣ͨӦöΪ˽⣬ǽʲ
ղŵ
ǽеĿ£һͿģͨţһΣô궼ûɹҲñһˡ
ͨЦЦ˵ͼ֡һһġ
ͷһۣ۾̲סһ
ôˣ֣
ڵ˵һλţµĽ⣡Ц
潣⣿ѵǡ֮⣿
ͨһ㶡
ǣûзϣǵ˵ͷ
֮⣬˵ʩչ֡ԺȻֵ֪λˣ˭
ĿһͨЦſ
Ҳ̫µ˲δֻĽ⣬ֵֹͷ
ŶͨЦЦڼ׷ʣȻ˲ţͨţҪһ£θı䣬Ҫֽλҵ˵ȷ֪˭ӵʲôʵܸõļƻ
⵹ǡ
ͬʱͷ
Ǻã´پ۰ɣ
ͨ
ţ
ȶ˲ٶ˵׷뿪ָշԶ͸еХͨǰ
׵
ּæȭ
ֱżܹ֮ˣԺȻͨҪӰ죬䲻֪ʵΣΪȻ֪Яһ£ز١Ǵݵƣҵˣ͸ͨΪҪǮ
ָһ㣬һǰͨ΢΢һЦ
л׵
۾һ
ͨܲ£öƿ⹺ΪƷҪǮֵ֮󣬲ݹ
˵ӵ͵ӵĲƸٲõģ
ʵ̫ˣ
ˣӦҲ֪ͨڵ壬Ϊ߸ǿų֣Իְ
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׵壬һֱû£ȸˡ
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һᣬ̧ͷգںͱ˵ô꣬ڳ֣ҡƳռϣְɣѾȵ̫ˡ

п꣬ͨʧ
⣬һϳλòĿʦһģһû˿
ѵǧǰʦϲԣһֱ⣿
ȻˣΪβʦ½
һѶϢûУ

ϵɽϷһУ֪飬˿ǰĲܳ
һȥ̽ϢȻ׵ĻˣҪ֮ǰһܶѾˡ
ʹϢô
Ͳס
֮ǰĹܼǿֻҪȥ£϶ܹɣȻʱϲװƣ̫ףûȥʱ˴
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һɽԲģ˴Ϣʹһλ۵ʮƯ²ĹȥϷ
Ȼ󣬿֪ûͲˡ
ɫһѵƽ󣬲Сط
Ҳδ̫ˣ
ƽ۵ӣҲҪʥصʵʵҲҵϷǲ֪
ҪǱ֪ǵˣѾʬˡ
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ܳɫһ졣
ȥ¥һ߸˵ǿɽ󣬸ÿŮҵĶЩ¥ŮӣĸԸģҲûš
ү·ʮ죬ͱĺˡ
ΪƾֵԹһ˭֪ſھͱˡ˵ˡ
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үܳҶ˵εͷ
ʮңü
Ŀ󣬵ҵĹֵ
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̲סʵ
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ʲôɫԽԽࡣ
ղҵǸһλ·ܵŵ£һ㣬Χ857488һףϸְףؼֱүҸ˵ŮҼõȣû֮һ
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ˡ
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ɶ
£һ㶼û죬⵹Ūͦ
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ܵŴ̹ǵĺ⣬תܳŵɫһףæн˫ȡ
ϣҲҾȥһƥѱǿ飡
ŵ
ܳջһ亹ֱð
Լ˿ͦģôһݡô
ѱʩ
һϣͷ书˲赹ˮҪʩܻ濹ⲻס

Ͼȥ
ٲҷϻת˳ȥ
вʱ䲻ͽϢ
үŵӽ׵ĳɽ£ƷԪļ۸Ҳˣһööң
ܳ
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ס
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ʮԪöʮ
Ҳ˵һһȥͬԪ۸ʮļٵģ
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ȥŵӽڣҪȥ
֪˵ô඼ûɶãվкһ˳ȥ


1952 ϴˮ
ŵӽ׳ŵӣԷγɵһڲ֯ۺ͹ıʮַ㡣
ڲܳĴ£ܿ쵽ط
ʮּªֻɽһԺ䣬ʾƣУ漴̯λڵϣǵİڷһЩʡ
ؼĵرҩӦоУ
Щŵģŵ߼Ʒ
ֻսңԪ
˼̯λõͬĻش
ԷЩĿģΪ˽뽣áԽáѧϰĽҪЩطֻнҲС
ûô죿
һơ
Ϊܳ׵ļöԪԵǮƶһû뵽⣬˼Ҹգ
ƽΪҪҪǣ⡢ֻҪǿͬͣȻõŴ֣Դȱ
ˣԪΪҩﷴ
үҪɣղҿ˼ˣûʵǿֻҪ취ƭ䣬ɱ⣬ɶˡ
үһǳܳǰѹ
ã
ûιȥ
˼ά鲻
ƽŹ治ᡭҶ֣֪ôģ
ƭ䡭ΪŵӶɵӰ
ܳΪƽߣһûеֶΣ˵ģ˾ͺܲˡ
ҪղҿһƯŵڳƷȥʩչмơ
ܳĵ
סͷ޲һŽ
ȥʩչɣ𱻴С
̯λǰȥ
ִ˼ңͨͶԷ˵ļ۸һŶʮңԪҲȷΪöңʮ
Ҳ˵ԪҲԹһͨġ
ͨΪ׼ĻΪԪļ۸ô󣿡
ҲͲסһλڳʵӵܡ
˵СطͨɣͨĬϵʵʥһأ۸ܵͣŵӳ۵ЩĬΪʥһأ۸ȻҪ˼ʮ˺ģĵʹõͨĬΪΪɾ۸ߣ
λŵӣҡҡͷ͵
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һֱɻû뵽ô򵥡
ͨļ۸Ϊ׼Ԫļ۸ȴ֪ͨȻͬˡ
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ѯһᣬϤһЩ̲סʵ빺һö֪ͨʲôõ׬ȡҷ
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Ρ
ΪһЩһش֮׬Ǯڿˡ
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ʵڲУͺһ̯ɡûбﰡ
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ԪһöȫˣҲͨ
ˣ«ϴˮЧܽⶫȥӦáֵƣ
ãͻȻ۾һ
ϲһʮ칦򣬴δȥҲûսһףҪ˵ʲôϴ«µϴˮмƿӡ
ⶫˣӵЧһЩҩҪõĶ࣬ҪܹȥŪãܹͨ

뵽⣬޳ɣӽָȡЩϣʱ˸̯λʢź«ϴˮƿȡ˳棬ͣһ£ȡһ鲼дˡҩĸ֣
ҩֵܣǲ֣ɲõģһ鷢ֱ֣ӱĨɱ
ڵŵӣŪһƣ̲סҡͷ
ʹãǡнã
֣ǵ꽣ʦƾʵģΪֻǰ֣ԣֻһͨķãţ½ϣֻͨʸ񣬾˵ǵλһ˵ǹƥ飬Ӳģ
λŵӽ͡
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ͨ˵ҩɾģҲʮöңһƿˮĶȻֱӿ۶ʮ̫˰ɣ
һּǮһֻͬΪŵӣҸҽ۸񣬿϶Ч򡭡ɱˣƤһ̧ѡ򣬵۸񣬲䣡
˵꣬۾һ򣬲ģ
Ȼû⣬鼮֪˵·׷Ÿ򣬶ԷδҪὫŽɣǲƭ˵Ķ
סӣһָĪ֮Уš
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ɣʵڿƿˮɶЧ
ãˣûЧ㣬֪ƭҵ³Ƭ̣Ůһƿߵ
ģûЧ˵ҲԼ̯ӡ

ҲֻǴһΣͨǮ
Ц
ˢǮרҵģ
ͺá
˿Ůƿȡһ˹20ң
˵꣬һתֱ뿪
򿪴ӣȻ20εĽң۾һ
ΪҪЩʱ䣬û뵽ôס
վ̯ҵطͼڵŵһͬĿ˹ɣ취뿪ɣȻܿᱻ⽴


1953 Ҷ
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⸱飬ɻ
γԣλŵӣһͬ飺֪ղǸŮ˭
ҡͷ
֮һҶϵŮ䣡
λŵӣҡҡͷʵ㣬ղſͦᣬʵȴŮĵ֮Уպû˸ǣһôǮһƿˮֻҪ㻹ţӲ뿪ţϻؼңɥ׼һ£򡭡˭ҲȲ㣡
Ůüëһ
ղŶԷ̬ȺͰ˿û
ôţȥĵܹͨȥףȥս浱ͱˣڶûָĵãΪʲôµҲһ²˴ҪҾͶңŶˣĵѦΪҩˮӲ͵ĵö˰ûն˰ͷĵӶһŵӣȻƭǸʲô
ڵŵߡ
⡭
ͷ
⿴ԷȺֱܳҲƯûô
ʲôʵ֪𣿡
Ҳ̲סʵ
ʵҪǺԼ£Ҳ壡˵ʵͬ𣬳˷û¹˭
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
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úͶԷ˵̯λʰվ
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λŮô£
ǲţת̯ͨλȥһȦȻûһԸۡ
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˵꣬һ˷ܵĸŮȥ
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ɶɶ
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ȻƷζôЧʣͦǿģԼһʱһͨûõԷõˡ
˱ˣ˰
ҡҡͷΣסȥ

ҶϣסԺ䡣
һޱ߽
С㡭
һߣӭ
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Ҷһ𳤴ͬʱƽûʲôһΪ˭֪ж
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̲סҡͷ
ݿ֮ǣ½صĵط֮һȻ࣬ΣҲ
ԼүֻͨƣƾϵݣβãٿԱ֤˵ϧ̫أþһа취ûЧԽԽأ⣬Ҳֲ˼ˡ
ˣСÿ춼ȥѰҸֹŷҩڳ漣ʵϣֻͽ޹ˣ
֪Щֻǡȭ
Է˵Щγ֪
Ψһˣȥʵڲġ

֪С˼׷̾ϢһСʲôҩɷҿ

һ佫ϴˮ˹
ֽӹοƿ׷һڣ̲סҡͷС㣬ҩһһʮ꣬ҩ١һûУò˹Ūɣ
ҩҪҩЧȻҪ棬ǰƿеĶˮһ㣬һûУôҩ
Сò̫żƭ˰ɣ
һλŵҵģ˵ҩκƶмѵЧ
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20ң
20
׷һ㶣漴ŭ壺С㣬һȷϣ϶ƭˣ20ңƷԪԹʮöֻһƿԷĸϹϽŵӣھȥǣǸѲɣ׳ˣͿ۸
¡
ŭ£ۻѨɢۡڲͣζƺʱܲסŰ
Ȼ׳أʱܲסڣ۸С㣬
ҡԸģδܵƭ
ɫһ졣
Էȷ˵ˣ򣬲δǿȣҲû˵
Ը϶ǻ׷ŭ졣
ˣûȻѾ͸үүԡ
˶ԷĻ̧򷿼ȥһǰ
һߣѾԵЩ£ؿһ˿ڣѾʼãɢŵϢ
λߣ˿Բѣƺ˸ղŵĶԻһ㶼û
үүһҪ
Ѿû취ˣҲνҩ֮Ĳ裬߷𣬰佫ƿеҺ壬һԷʺ
꣬һᣬ˿ãûκɫɫ
һûУ϶ǼٵġС㣬ԺǧҪЩóҽĳ϶ԹûʲôЧһЩͨӳ۵Ķôš
һĻ׷ҡͷߣûһ
ȿȡǸҺȵʲô
ͬʱһͰ׷弱æȥͼԲѵİҶϣ֪ʱ۾
ȴѹ


1954 Ǯϣ
ҩЧ
ۿһ졣
үүƣ֪ĺҪΪ϶ˣˣҲͷ⣬Ȼֲס˿ֻ̣һƿˮѹ˵Ũҵ𾪹ǲš
ҲûôЧɣ
ү
׷ҲæǰҶϷӿԷ̽顣
Ƭ̺۾ԲүڵƣȻָһЩ
ȻָĲԣϾָˣ֣ͣʴࡢ꣬޷֮Ȼõ˶ƣ
ݿ֮ǵκҩЧģû뵽Сƿˮˣ
С㣬ƿҩģ
æ˹
ǱŽгһָ
һƿ
ղүȵ̫ˣԣָֻһ˿ƿˮƵѹãʮԣֻҪ㹻ԤŶ޲ߵˣ
ΪǼٵġЩɫһ졣
ǵǼٵģҩҹȥж٣ֻҪ࣬үָܹ׷尴Ͳס
ã
Է⸱̬ȣҲ֪ο϶ҵҩˣתʥ޷Ӷȥ
̫ˣҴȥ
ûǰ׷𣬽ž͸еһᣬүүλץסֱŵӽг˹
г伱ҴղҩĵطȴȻտҲ
ղǸҩأ
תͷڵŵӣüһ
λŮôͻһλɵߣŵһˡ
֪Ǹ֧Ǹµĵӣ
Ůʵ
֪ŵһţǽŹģǲ죬˼ҩҲûϵ
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һ֪ʲôˡ´ˣһȥ
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ҩĿ빺ͨǲ뿪ԡŵӿҪˡ
뿪׹һүүľˣˣȻˡ

Ӱ˸һ̣ŵӣȫڵϣҺ
ŮȻŮһԲϣͶ֡ôݡ
ܿͣŮ˫ֲһܣ䣺ȥ֮ǰҲһ֣һ٣ҪӣˡֻҪ뿪ŻˣĿǰûӵù
ˡ
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ҩ
ҩҪҲֻһô˭˭ˣ

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βܽˡ
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ţȻĲСûҪǾͰԸɡСҺܵ͵
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ѯһ¡
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˶൱

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ʱ򣬾ͽͨ񿨣׼ˣʮöңҲȫУһ㣬ƬϵĶʮ
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±ؿڣһ¹ᴩ
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1955 Ǯ£
⡭
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ϰˣôӮ
֪ڽϲԷаˣԴ⣬Ȼһٵ֣
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һһ壬˶Էʮңմ꣬ͼ̨
ҪҪע
Ŀһߵ
ĲӮһΡβʲôֻҪģ϶Ǯ׬ׯ
ðͷ
ֻ˲һӣ̨ϣ׬ʮöңô׬ǮȻҪˡ
ܺãξѺҲׯҲƽһЩҶġ˻ʤ
һۣ΢΢һЦ
ǺãѺ˻ʤʮöң׬ǮȫѺ˽ȥ
ãҸʮö
ߡ
Ϊľ̨֣˫ʵʵݣ֪ĺ
λµŵʦ֣µʦ֡
ƽ棬Ҳ֣ʦֻʤļʸʦܶʤ١
ע£̨ϵıѾʼ
ʦֹȻͻ²һһ־ϬޱȣÿһйһּǿѹȣʦˣûκοԻֵء
ٺ٣ɣ
˿
ʮöңӣһ¾׬
ߡ˲ʦ֣ȥܻӱ̨ϵͻȻһΣ鶯ͬӣһࡣ
ʦ֣һգתͼԷĳб˹Ĳϡ
䣡
˼
һЦ
ƤȻԸҧҧʮöң˹ȥ
ҲҼ
ڣҪԵģÿʱÿ̶У߲Ÿս˳ȥ
ͣһ£
ע⣬һ׬˲٣ǵһΣôҡ
Ȼθѡ˰ɣһЦ
룡
ͷ
Σһѡ»ʤѺʮöңһָ
꿴˹ȥƬ̺ٴεͷãѺ£
ֻ̨ϳһҲǺµĶʦ֣ڰ˭
ʦֵʵǿܹƾʤģʮȻϲӦòʮλ֮һǰ߻ʤѣ
˫սʼʱ䲻ս
ͶԷµһ»ʤʦˣ
⡭ܡ
ΣЩˡ
ĶĲȻ׬˲٣Ҳ䰡
ҪҪ
⸱ģ
⡭һ̨ۣˣ꺹ˮֱð
ѣ100ңҲЩˡ
ĵĻһٽң͵ȫûˣҧҧ˺ģľͶġŸѡˣ
ʵǶͽ
Խ࣬Խ뷭̣ͬԽݵԽ
룡ͷ
Σѡ¡ͣһ£
̨϶ˣ͸ղһֻʶһҲǰµʦܡ
λʦܣţŵʱ䣬꣬ѾŶС֮սֻƽ䡣
Ҫ˵˭ʤĿ
Ȼѡ£ҡͣһ£ѡƽֿɲԣ
ƽ֣
һ㶡
ͨƵֱԣʵıΪ˱ʵ޼£ѡƽ֡
䣬һģ
ƽ֡ٳ֡
һȻҪѡƽ֡˰ɣ
۾һǿסϲȷ
ȷƽֱȽټǲǱҪһЩ
ͷ
£ƽֶ屶ͷ
ǺãѺ120ͨңٴνеͨѹȥ
ã
кٺһЦڣæͷӦ
һѺƽ֣ڸղŶԷ׬ԼǮֻˣ
߶ע̨꣬ϵıȻʼ
˫Ǹ֣ݺᣬãһоĽʩչǵ·кá
µʦȻʵǿͣλҲһȻǱȻȫ
ٶûֳʤ
ʦܣ͡
ͷϺˮԽԽ࣬Щˡ
ôʱıԣһ¶δܼһΣû뵽ˡ
˫սһٶУȫĵĲˡ
ʦܣһλѣĽͬһ㣬ȥ˫һʤҲޱȣʹգƽֽǸԼд裡
ã˵ͷͬ⡣

ֻǰһڣûιȥ
¶һεƽ֣Ȼˡѹע
˼Ӯˡ
˹
֮ӮΪǿܹս˫ĽǿҪǣͼݿ׿ս˫ݣĽ似Լľ
ͬͬĽ似ԽľԽߣȻʤļҲԽ
ˣ˼Σ׾پͻóɹ
Ѻƽ֣屶ҲǡҪңٽң

٣
彩ֱҪˡ
һ￪ҵİɣ
ƽֶܲ¶ԡ
⻹ôģ
һׯĲ׬Ǯζû뵽żξҪˡ
ΪŵӣӽʮˣܹѺעһҲͲһǧĻû뵽һ£Ͳȫ
ôལûСɫһҧ
ûУԸķ䣬ˣ
΢Ц
Σһ֪ҵ֪˭𣿡
ΪƽĲÿļΣỻһöͨµ½롣
˼һľֵˣ֪ݣ˸޴֪
Ǻǡ
һЦͻȻһ˹ȥ
ôҶ֣
ͻȻţһΣĿһסͨڣɱңҲֻʧһѡҺΣ
Ȼû취Ρ
ͣ¶ƵЦݣ޺ȥƷ壬ȥҺϣϽΧڵŵӣȻŵӱȽΪעĴľ֡ıȡ˵᲻ϸһµ˭ôɣֻ᲻Ὣһֱɽţ˵ǲǰ֮ʦ֣
㡭
ͫһ֮˼亹ûιȥ㡢ô֪˭


1956 ٶ
ƽ󣬷Ϊ֧ܶжӦĳϹϽƿء
λ꣬ǰƷ庫һȺϹϽĵӣ֮
£صĺܺãָıò£ûܹ֪ģǰλȴһں֣ϸβ𾪣
֪˭оŰʮöң٣˵ûУƭˣҲһЩƤһ̧
һ֮䡣
ĿעģһͼˣԷ飬пܲЩʲôɡǮһж٣ֻԼ֪ܣõѶǰһô֪
˭רŲң
ȭͷ
Է֪ݣֱ뿪ͨҲҲһ˵֣ӿ϶ûá
ҽУҺܵ͵㡭ˣֻҪǮңù˭
Լ֡
Һܵ͵ǰһڣ֮ѣΡ
ȡţԼϲԢ⣬һֱˡ
͵ð
һʮӵĹӮ߰ٶལң͵ʡëĹϵ
ܱ֣ܲ
Ըķ䣬ǲղ˵ҵ飬˵ȥ
ƣջҧҧ濴
ͨԷɱˣҲֻʧһöͨ𻹻ţͬϢȥܽ⡣
ΨһķĳԼల¡
Ȼͷ
ԷĲģûϵֲҲǳϡ͵׬Ǯͺá
ã
ԷӦ֮˿ȡƬһ漴ԼĿϣ600ңĵ˵ͷһ˵Ŀ´λģҡĵĻҲԴ
ҽˡ֮࣬תߡ
治һŭ֮£ģȻ󡭡ĸҡ
ղλǰλ΢΢һЦôӮǸɵӶǮ
ɵӣ
һ飬֮û޳ˡ
ʮǰ˷ܵؾãһӣԺݺһ׬һʣû뵽Լ˴ɵӣĵ׿㶼Ҫûˡ
ˣ
һ£ڶλ꣬Է齲꣬۾Ҫɵĵڵϣ˵һ⽫սĽȫ¶ԣֺ֪ĵϸ
ǣ
ЩֶΣǵą̃ģߣΪܰǮߣ̫ˣ֮벻ǮҪ˼һ£ڶλĿһ
Ȼ룬ɡôҪ֮Ρ
ܼ򵥣ģڶλ
ģһ飬֮ԷƽֶѺԣôģ
ɵ̨֪Ӯ϶֪ϢǶҪп̨ϵףڶλ
⡭֮ס
ʮľ䣬һֱʤģףǧ
ԷƽֶҲµһ˿ղŻûע⣬ڶԷһ˵ʱסˣ
пܣս˫ѺĳԼ
Ȼôɣ²һεƽ֣У
˵ô죿
㣬֮̿ľȥ֮Ƿŭ
մ㣬û뵽αۣ
Բٿ̨ϵıȶɲٿز㣬Ҳٿزңǿ֮ԼֻҪ¹أģǮùؿƿϢйͿˣ֮ǰٶֻ࣬ҪӮһȫ
ڶλЦ
⡭ȷģңǾһӮ֮Щɡ
ҪӮˣȻãˡɶûˣ
ģ϶ģǲ֪ݣܺ͸ղ̨Щ˴кסѣԴвӦܲӮ͸õˣοӮȻãˣҲԿ
ڶλ국һЦĽ֮У̫ܲǿҲһ־þȫĻӮˣҲܱʩչУֻҪ¶³˭ף֪ݡҪǮŪʮּ򵥣
⡭
֮۾ˡ
԰
ֻҪԷҶıȶǶ˵ʵ֮Уͬ벻óУͻܣûпܣ
˾УټϺͰµʦܹϵҳ˭׶ˣ
Ŀ꣬ԷĲԣŪûᱻϳ书ԴвŲͷ
˵֮ǰǮѶԷ⣬Ҳ϶ҷ
ô졭
һû˿⣬ԽԽ˷ܣ֮͵ڶλһٴǰ
λѣһҪһ
üëһѹ
ôģ
һôңôָܹģ۾ˡ
ǽӣ̫ǿˣ
ܼ򵥣ֵܣսһȫʤ䣬ѺٶϣǽһʤϣղǮȫҶҵݣؿƿй
֮
Ϊ˰ȫǾԷӮǶ˲Ļʤ
УʤǵĲ٣ܳսͬʤģûУ
Ҳ˵ֻҪԷҴӦôȣǶ䣡
սӮǶˣѺٶϣ
۾һûЦ
˯ͷǮǾܹˣ
ȻǺ˶࣡
㲻Ӧղƽֵıԡ
ܾ֮뽫֮ǰ׼õв˵ͼǰ꣬һ˷ܵͷҴӦҽ720ңȫѺϣˣͬǮɣ

û뵽Էˬ죬֮͵ڶλ꽫׼õĻֻҭڿУЩˡ
һ뵽֮Уʤǳֵģڣٴ˿ɣ
ܿ챨ϣš
֮ţ䡣
ڶˣҹ
Ǳ
ֵܿǡ
䡯սҺܵ͵
䡯֣ܺܳٻȥҺܵ͵ʲô
֪ʵ̫ˣ
ǰ͵ٺ٣뿴һж͡

ս˫֣·һȻ
һȡţϲһЩ־ԶСҺܵ͵ֱǸ࣡
ʼ
˫վ̨ϣ֮Ŀһһգ۹򣬾ʹ̳˽ȫ֡
ĶžУһ棡
۷壬ܹһ´̳Ž̺žŰʮһֱ仯Ҫֵزżֵܹ
ܻûɣһ´̳˽˰ʮֱ仯ҲԳƵ۷ǿˣ
ǹʥһؼʩչ޴ӵֿ
֪ԷΪΣǣôĶעҵģˣ֮һ֣óǿ
Էô̲ס˵ͷ
ѹָҺԼĵô󣬵ȷһˢӣ
ԸЩ̫ˡ
ǰ̤
ǰ˸ҶԷеĽ˰˱ȴûһ䵽ϣһ㣬һ˹ȥ
򻨴йƬҶմ
ҵ˵ھŽĿ϶⡭һﵽ˭
֮ͫһ


1957 Ҹ߽
һ棬ལУ϶⣬ǾŽһʩչͬŵǰ
ֻ֮˰˽ʮǿ󣬵Էƺ֪⽣ĵϸһֳ޷ʩչĵھŽ϶
Ϊûɣ˽
һпʼҵط˶ôģ
һλҲ޷ɰɣ
żһתҪľУԷն䣬ͼеĳͻȻ̧üĴȥ
һУƽһ棬նıУûκηء
Ҳ˵⽣ñУüʩչˣԻᱻһ¹ᴩüģ
ҡ
䣬֮һ̿֡
ΪһʩչУ϶öԷ¶ףû뵽жûסͱնɱ
ʵ£ǶܲԷȷݣ
鲻ʦڵܹԣҪһ
ǺڣţӦ˵ĻģͼǰʱһͻȻͣ
̨ȥͼλҺܵ͵Ǿᡣ
֮æһܿɱУٴһתһʩչ
һ棬ƽ⣬вˣʩչϲǰߣȴʤһ족֡
콣
һбһп죬ʮй󣬼ֵ꣬ס
УʥǿʩչΪʣʥһصʩչѹܴ󣬵龰Σ˳
أ
콣дż磬һӰƿն֮Ϊʩչ㲻ʤԷҲǱ漴֡Էûκζදٴǰһһѹ
ɲպûڿ콣ıؽڣֻͬҪ£Ȼᱻһ룬
Ҳ˵콣ʩչٴαԷһƽˣ
֮Ҫˣ
ڼĿ֮ʣͼҺܵ͵ٴһᣬٴͣ
æһһ٣ڴŴ֮ʩչһС
ƽô꣬ĽУѧ˲֪ףÿһжм
͸ղһʩչһʽԷƽһ㣬ŸֻҪ£ɱˣɡû
ʮ׽ÿζˣ֮ץˡ
ˣ濴ԵҲһȫĿɿڴ
һоʤΪÿʩչһ룬ͣ
ֻ֪Ҫʩչ϶Ӯ
ΪʩչУͱ䡯ѹƵ޷ˣڿɣ
䡯˿ûл֮ǹͣģʵ벻ͨΪҪͣ

ֿһᣬ˶ЩãȻˡ
̨ϵġҺܵ͵һУܻʤȴÿζͣͺ̼ߵ㣬ֻҪܷ츲أȴƫƫҪϢ
һο˵̲סδζЩˣ
㵽Ҫʲô
˷£̨ϵ֮ܲסһοյ֮Ҳ̲ס˳ȥ
ôೡǵһô뱻һ
ں𣿡
ס֣ͣ
ԡһңΪʲôҪͣ
ҧ֮
˶ˣҲûʲôġ
⡭
ͷҵ֣Ӧ֪һͽɱˡԸҲ䶯
䶯
֮ûιȥ
е͵
͸ƨ
ÿһУҵǲⲻǵ͵ǹװơ԰㽣İɣ
䶯
Ǿú䶯ɡ
ˣÿͶ˼ƵġһɱһҪ˺䶯òã
䡭
֪ȥᱻһҧ֮תߡ
ǲȣʵڳܲѹ
ԷԣһֱָоǾǣҰɣҰɡ
Ĳ̫
ţεҡͷ
ʵöԷʩչУֻһԭ򡭡ôǮˣһʵڲ˼
ô˵Ǹòˡ
Ǯ׬ˣȻҲҪ˶ʩչУ˼һ¡
䡱䣬ڶꡰҹ
ǿ
ֳֳҹվڱ̨ϣ۾
ţǶַԷǿҲ϶ʩչУӶݣζûϵ֮սһԷһ˶ûܣΣնûɣ
ѹȫϡ
ϣ㲻Ҫ֣ǿĹһܣ
üëһҹ
ǿĹԷҪɡ
ҹͷ
ֻҪʩչǿˣҲƶϳݣԿ
⡭ðɣ
ԷĿϿң˵ͷ
ʼ
һҹȫת붯֣;ǰһһѾǰĽâƤƺֻҪһͻᱻնɱ

ҹһãȻ
꣡
磬ʲôʱģ
գ
ʲô
Ϊʲôᱻڲϣ

ΪԷʩչУߣ˼ҶѽڲˣԼȻʲô
ҪҪô죿
ˡ

ţսУöԷʤȻҪҲνˣǸǮֻҪˬ죬ʲôҪܽܣ
ҡ
ҹĶˡ
ˣҲУ϶ˡ
꣬һвû𵽣˵彣ˣ
ûȷ˭ȴҲȷ˷Χ
ʵģž
ɡʵˣܵԴȱңҪ׬ȡҲʮףΪһСǮμӶĲϾŴǰ̣ΪСٵĻòʧ
ǰλȴǲһ㣬һǮŹ
ǼλȫҲϹ
ô룬Щ¡
ˣ720ң
뿪̨
ǰ˵ʵݣͨԣȫ֪ǲǮ

͵ʴף֮ҹɥȴҲû취ֻô˴գǮ塣
ӭ´μҴġ
ʮӣ׬1400ལң㣬ʮָ˵Ŀǰλ

Էֿ۹⣬֮ҹͬʱۡ
ǲǮģҪӮǮġ
ôо͡ɵӡһ
ϸ룬̶̶ʮңͳȥôĻǡɵӡһޱɵ֡
ɷҡ
ӮǮҪ뿪Ҳ̲ס֮ʵ
ң
һۣǶڴĿ⣬ͷ⿪ˮմʪᵽ˫ֱԷһӰҡ߽
˵겻һ±ƵĶˣһ뿪ͨ
ιĿΪ׬Ǯͷ1440ҵľ޿Ӧùһʱ䣬ûҪȥˡ
߽
ŵӽи߽ȥ顭
ɻ󣬶˼æȥ飬Ƭ̺һҧгݡ
һƭǣ
´β㣬ѳǵ³ҾͲ֮
ԽԽ֮ҧ
ʵôǿô죿
ҹҲĿҪըȴûκΰ취
ܼ򵥣ҲδŵϵһȻˣǿȥǼλ͸ǣͨһλ֣Ƕ֣Ȼ󡭡ע֮Ŀһ
԰
ҹ۾һô죡
λҺܵ͵ȻȴҲδŵϵһȻˣβǼλ

»ص䣬˼Ƭ̣ٴ߳š
Ϊպܾãʱó߾ˣ
Ҫ߾磬Ҫ㹻Ĺͨ򣬼۸񲻷ƣ絽ȥ
ˣõΪƽŵӡ
߳䣬û뿪Ժ䣬š֨ѽһ򿪣½Ƴ˷ܵ˽
ʱ½ƳϣһϢĪ⣬ʱȻѾͻɾﵽɾ磡


1958 үĽ
ϲ½ϣ
߳䡣
ݵƣ½ƳϽոմӳϵõƵ˹΢΢һЦⶫֻҪһĽңͿȥ⡢֮ĵط۲죡Ҳȡŵӵ׬ȡ֮ŵڵɽ壬ȥ⣬ΪŵӵĽƷԪöƷһˡָĵҩһƿöָҸ͸ģ
˵ֵ꣬ݹһöָ
л½ϣ
۾һ
⡭Ϊŵӣһµõôôָͣüëһ¡
Դͬʱ϶Ҫе²ѵ͡
ֻҪμӱԣ׬Ǯܿ죬ҲûʲôĽġ
ŵƽѧϰһ£ʲôģʱҡ
½Ƴȡ鼮ƽĹƹ½պգڽµһͽ˾ͺǿ󣬻ҪԼĲиŬ򣡡
ͷ
ʦڵĿγȫһͬѧԺѧ
δؾͻɸ֡
Ȼ󲢲СиʺԼĹ߽ҲֻҪͨһһεĿˣͲֹ½ƳϽŵ
ԷӽӶֵסҲݹͬδܹס
ɴ˿֪϶Լܡ
ƽ󣬶Щ
ֻҪʵǿͨˣŹ棬ֹȥѧϰķ
ɽ֮ʯԹ
ʱ򣬶ѧϰĹߵĸԶ
ֽһŹ棬½Ƴת뿪
ոͻɾҲҪúù̡
ʦ
Է뿪콫ƹͽ˹
ָһ㣬ͬԺһ顣
½ƫƹֻ˹ʥһصģܴʦ½ؼ࣬ǼΪ⣬ȣǲ˺ܴһأҲգ
ͶԷ˵һȷʹ˿һȣʲô㲻ϡ
ҴڸģҪģڽӽɣ׽ٴһ磡

ǣͷ
Ӱʦʼͳŷʦôô
ˣʦ㴫ҵӽ׽ʲô֣ʦ꣬뿪쿴
ʦֻ˽֣ûС
ĽܾܲͽСӽɣ
⡭ü
нͨ㴴ģû̫˼֣治֪λش
ǵүȻˣУͽСүĽɣ
ͣһ£
үĽ⡭ʰɣƤһ
̫ˣ
нֵĽ
οʦôԼ
ʲôʵģе֣ȡģɶУүĽͲ
˰֣ü
ˣȡȻҲ˸֣ŵɣ
ŴֻҲòȥȻҲʲôҲġҺܵ͵˿ûκӪġ
ðɣ
ʦôܣȷֻòپᡣ
ŵƸҡ
Ҫ뿪Ժ䣬Ųķȥ
ɽмһ˹޽ƽϣǸֺߴĵã֮ǰȥ׳ʱ򣬾ͼˡ
ǰóݵƵ˹ȥ
ʱöңѡһֹ似¼
ĳϣһƣ
ȡö˹ȥ̧߽䡣
ƽ󴫳˼ǧָ꣬飬֮ࡣ
ڣٵ﷭ģΪʱҪǮ󲿷ֶѡҪ鼮ٶȳ¼
ô鷳۾ɨ˹ȥͬʱԺȱݡ

鼮գ۹ӡԺ
ͼ¼鼮ı첢δʧ˿
ţ᲻ϲԣͼݶӦ仯ܵԼڿˡ
ܲͣɨһ鼮Ժ֪ʶ
ŵӵĲ⣬ȫǹʥ似ûɾģҹʥһص϶࣬漶ԽߣԽ١
ǹʥճ۷壬ǰĿν
ӽʱ鼮ȫ¼ϡ
뿪⣬ָöң»صס
׼ͻưɣ
ѼϣôΪҲöһˣ
ϥڴϣһͼڣʥص鼮ȫѻһ
ȷ
һһʥصĹǰ
æ
ܿ˿
Ͳµһôؼѻһ𣬴ﵽ
һʣµöԪģſһö

ۻڱըڵϸոγɵʼת
̣
ԽԽǿҲԽԽ
䣡
ʱ䲻һͻճڣ̷ҩΪ
ţԪЧԽԽ
ʱʹﵽպڣʱ֮ǰƷԪЧҲԽԽöȫֻ꣬ﵽʥغڣ۷廹֪Զ
ȻҩƷĵȼҪ󼫸ߡ
ͣüġ
Ҫ󼫸ߣƷԪǶǿ߶üЧѾòˡ
ԪտˮҲʦ½Ҫö࣬û£۷壬ܣ
ôʱ䣬ŽС𡭡ԵȲˣ
һв٣ȥƷԪ
׬һǧİٽңŻ˰öûЩԪȽΪ۷˵
ȡͨٴһС
ûȥȽĵطȥ˹Ʒ
ƷԪһöٽң
Դ
٣üëһ
湻ģ
ƷԪöңƷҪ٣۸Ȼ100
ƷԪɾǿߣʹõҩﵽںĵУϸ֣ųϣҲ𡭡ٽң˵ʲô
ͣȻҪֵҩҪҩĲƣټ϶ʦΪҲкܴҪϡ١
ͷ
֮ǰ֮Ϊһŵӣ϶нӽһǧöңĵӣϣһöƷԪ˵ȷ
ö
һǧһߣö
Ϊ׬һǧֺ֧࣬þãڿˡ
֮ǰͨһʶع飬ϵ󷨣ҩ˳ǰ
ȡһöģȻˣƷ֮һȣͬնͲһ
һ뽫еĵҩ̽ȥΪһٳպڣͼǰٴһ«ִ˳ĵƷԪһΡ
㡭


1959 ѱ«
𶯣
«ʱҩȥɫһ
ǿˡ
ֻҪкöȹıӶ飬һ¾ðһöٽҲĵҩˣһôͻΪ
ҳԡ
«ŤŤҲǸ˵𣿺«ֻҵıұݺأ߳ƵľޣֻҪָԴ۳أܹ⡭ҳԣһΪҪõö࡭
һȥ
һ˷죬ͷһŽ߿һھͽĵĵҩȥ
ƭҩԣ

ҩڣһۻȫ֮ǰͣͲǰٴ˽
պڣ
۷壡
öƷԪΪʹﵽ˹ʥ۷壬ɾֻһ֮
ܵڳӯ˿
ʵƽȻ㲻ʲôŵУ϶ˡ
ʣöԪö˳ͻƣָ˺һö˶˳۷塣
ĵƣΣգ൱ʵһ±ܺӡ
ҵء
öҩܿ꣬«Թ
֪ԣһöûУҩûˡ֡
ȹϴˮ«
ҲҪ˳ԣɹʲôΣգҲæƾʲô㵤ҩŭ
ȹϴˮ«
ÿҵ͵͵ΪҲֱ֪Ǽ棬ôֱ׳ˣûϳȥͲˡҧ
ȹϴˮ«
£ܲϴˮ𣿡
ϴˮκˣ㻹ˣ׬Ǯ«
ͷ󣺡ðɣ˵ݺصޣɣֻҪԺҵĻھ͸㹺ƷԪõҩ㾡ָ
«Ť
ûаֻͣҪΪҵ޳裬ҵգҲŬ׬Ǯ㹻ĵҩ㾡ָ
«Ȼ֪ʲôҲ֪ɶһµ޸ƣЧ϶ͣ
㲻˵ݺصޣӦҲ̫
ȻҲܣᶫؽڵΪˡ
ˣôĶΪǩԼ˵
ȻһҪָ϶ٲܿơ
ݺأ߳Ƶľޣ㲻°ݣͲˣȻѱңֱΡ
«һδ䣬ͼ˼Ƭ̣һһöƷԪġ
ߣݺأ߳ƵľޣΪΪһҩ
ˮֱ«Ŭơ
˵һֶһöƷԪ
ʣİٽңֹö
ҩҲУ١١ҲҪʮһٸҩУ«תת
һٸðɣİɣϢһᡭ
üëһüϻһ½ҩսָ
һöƷԪ۸ٽңһٸҪ򡭡ڱ̨Ҳ׬
ȻˣǾˡ
ʵҩ˵
ͣſˮ«æתû˸ղŵļᶨֺãҪȰöҡٸŪʮööҾͿǣΪ
ǰλΪ˵ȻߣһʸУټһɳȻ˵ʵҲ޲ɡ
ֻǣԷһ˵ϣԵ«ûۣ

ɿڣٶ˵ָһöҩٴγָ⣬ֱ˹ȥ

̽ӣ«˸ãδҩȻǵˣ˵ԽԽá
üë
̵Ϊɴպڴﵽ۷壬һȻһģû䡭Ҳ̫ܳ˰ɣ
ѲɣҪŪһö߼ߵģ
ƷԪһ仯ûУһļ϶еĸߡѱ˵
֪һѱޡʥ޲ͬŹѱ޷ãͣһ£һ»صԼһ»صͨ
Ϊմ׬һǧİٶལңһӣϸԣˣζû뵽ųʱٴ
㣬ֻ32öң֮һĵҩϡ
Ҫ׬Ǯ
εüģٴͨķ˹ȥ

ŵɽˡ
һ±ߵԺһϥڵϣ˫۽ա
лΧۣγһ޴С
ȫѨ򿪣ЩϪ֪˶ã͵ſ͡
أ
һֱ˳ȥڲԶʯϣһѺۡ
ϸɽǸղ̷Щֺ
δ۳ͨķʽ
Щ۾漴һ˹ϴŵЦ⡣
ôǲͻƣ뽫ΪѹƵʲôʱ򣿡
ĥ½⣬ͻƣԺ˵һվ
ⶼĥ˰ɣڶ
껹̫ˣֵλʮ｣ͻɾǰĥ⣬ʮ꣡һʯ쾪Ȼϲ츳ҲߵĸԶһЩ
һ꣬Ӧһſǰ꣬ʵôпչңҪҪһ
ˣҲȲղ֮κң˵һ£ҾúȤҪҪҲһ£
ڶ΢Ц
һͶȡɣԸŬʲô£һҪͲˡ
һҡҡͷƺˣ̫ϲ
żܾҰѻ˵ꡭƺ֪Ӧڶ꣬˵ŵӵͨһλý֣Ƕ˳֣ȻԷжûƳ
սûƳԷľУ
һ£һüͷһ壺֮κ磬С˼٣ż磬ʵҲﵽ۷壬Խ⣬ţҲ㲻˳֣ͬ£Էжûʩչͽܣ⡭ܰɣ
ҿˣȷʵˣǻӰҪҪ
ʼ棬ڶ
ǽɣ
ٶ˵һ˰֡
ţڶӦһƬ̹Ӱ˽
֮ǰֵ֮֮ͨ͡ҹ
ҹֻţκ硣
ʦ֣ʦ֣
ǰ
ǰĶλŵУһ·ܣ󶫣
˵ͨһλ֣
һλ꣬·ɫȻĿ˹
ǣ֮˵ͷһȡһö¼񾧣˹֮սӰ񣬻ʦֹĿ
̧ͷһۣû˵ʲô·ָһ㣬һС
ˣ
Ӱ񼤻˫սӰǰ
һ۾Ϳеȱݡ
۾棬Ƭ̺·üëȻ


1960 սˣ
ΪǿĵӣԽѴﵽ뻯ľ磬˫սĹȻȴһܹ֮սλҺܵ͵Խ⣬֮£
һ棬Žһһ¿
ȻҲпܣǰо似ϾͬΪŵӣֻҪ㹻Ľңлȥѧϰġ
ɡоһһ棬ļ콣Ҳоɣ
οལУԷᳵ·һ㣬ҵڣһͿƽ⣡
ƽ󣬴ǧ꣬似ûʮҲ֮࣬Ϊո¶ͷǣߣѡȡڲͬľϰȡһˡ
Էоһ棬ôལУܶо
˵ʱ䶼
ƾ㣬ͿԿԷǶϤǡԽĸ
ȥܿ쿴͡ҹĶսһɻܣ
˵ʵҡ˿
¼Ӹ֮·۾
ǰ˵ʵȷǿҲǿˣŹҵ㡭ЦЦôûȤһ
ȻĿ磬·¶ŨҵսҶԽ⣬ѻ۵˶㣬Ҫһʵ޼˶սܼǱͻƣˡõĶ֣
֮һֱѹΪͻƣΪҪõĥ½⣬ýӸ
֮Ѿûе֣Ҫ˱䣬Ҫѹƣ˿̣˳֣Ǽ
ʸһս
Խôǿǰôû˵᲻Ǻĵαװģ
󶫺Ŀ
ᡭ·ҡҡͷĵӣԹݣôģܵͨң
ôˣҪУڽô꣬϶󶫲⡣
Է˵ЩҲס
ĵӣÿһվڽˣôôģܹϷһЩӵܣӶ׹ۣ
ƽ󣬴ǧֲ֪꣬٣ŵӣ⣬ԵȻǲԸģϣŵһˣʵϣصĵӣӳʵҲ
·ܵ
ųŵһˣȴδԴ
ƽĵӣвĽޡ
νĽޣͿɮһһݻĻĥԼľĥ½⣬Խ⣡
ˣֻſˣԵ֮⣬ˣβߣ
ʵȴС
Ҫϣҵġ
ǰЩޣȷ¡󶫵˵ͷ
λҺܵ͵ʲôʱȥͨ֪ͨһ£Իᣡ
п꣬·ܿǰ֮ˡ
İʦ֣Ѿźˣһȥ̻֪ͨ
֮΢΢һЦѻ˵꣬ͻȻһһöѶƳģͷһۣ۾ʱˣʦ֣λҺܵ͵ͨˣ
󶫣һȥɣ
·˫۹âһԼĴѶȡ˳ֱӽͨ˽ϡ

ӰĸһͬʱͨڣԵķȥ
ʦ֣λǡҺܵ͵
֮ǰһָ
·ܿȥ漴һ꣬վ̨ǰͣŹǷ̨ϵıԣ˿ȥЩˡ
ԱһλӼ⸱̬ȣȥˣɫһ뿴Ϳ뿴͹
δ䣬ġҺܵ͵һЦĿҪҴ𣿲öĵĺܴ󣬼ٽҾС
㡭
λӣȭͷһ
ţ
̫ˣ
˾¶עľ֣ҲϢ͵£һȻֱʡ
ֱͲĹط
ٽҡôȥɫǺ죬λӺǳ⡣
𣿡Һܵ͵ͣһ£Щ˼
԰Է̬ЦλߣôˣֻҪƾһһȫܣϵĽңԹ㣡
ģҺܵ͵۾ˣΥŹ棿
һˣȻΥŹ棬Ҫƾһһ˶ܣҲֻѧղû鷳
λӺߵ
Ȼ˵ȴʵ
ƽ֮ǲġһˣԵǹƥսˣʤ˵ĽңҲû˻˵ʲô
ɱһΪɱΪۣɱΪۣ
ܿܣǿһ˼ʣǿûӰֻܳˡ
Ҫ鷢ƽֻͷʧߣ˹ʤˡ
йλʮ｣񣬾һͬʱսʮλŵӣɻʤš
λ˵⻰ΪļһϢģڷϻȴ˫ԽԽǼҪ̫ˡ
̫ˣ
⸱飬λӳˡ
ǲȱ۰
ŵӲԻǿ߲֪٣һսˡ⼸ǲɵ£
ĵЩ
ΪԽⲻǡʹõ⸱壬ΪȫͬҲһսһ˻ʤû⣬Ҳпܣʮȫûϣ

οͬΪţ󡭡Ӯһѣսˣ˵ĽҡֱΣ
ͶԷ˵˵һ£ҪΣͼǰġҺܵ͵һЦһܣʵȻ쳹𣺡ҪսˣϵĽΪעǸҲҽӡ
սˣ
ҪϵĽΪע
Ҫ𣿡
٣ҪеĻһ˭ô󣿡
ŵһʦ֣Ҳ˵ɡ
̫ˣֱ̫ˡҺȣ

ŵĻڳеӶըˡ
۲ȶģûһǧҲа˰٣һ֪ðļһһҪսôˡֱ֪ߵغԼ
⡭е͵
һĻ·ܺ󶫣һۣûͬʱѪ
꣡
ղԷţΪĺܵ͵ôĬĬţǣ˭
һھҪսˣţҪǮĽ࡭
͡͵ëǮϵûаɣ
˵ǾԸߵˣ
ϲϣ
˰죬ź£̲ס
湻ġ
Ϊܹ֮ʤԼĲ࣬Ҳңֺڣ
Щ˲ͬʱΧսҲܲ˰
ԷȻսˣڳܣҲ˵ȥһᱻ˿ġ󶫣㡢ҵĿƬùȥѺǰ̨ܽһܣҵĽңʲôʤǳ֣ҲŹ϶صĳͷ
·Ŀһ
սˣȻô˵ĽңӮˣŵȴ˵ʲôҪˡԻܵҵĳͷ
ţҲ޷⣡
Ȼ˶Ч£Ĺؽںδ


1961 սһȺ
ǣ󶫵˵ͷȡϵĿƬǰ̨
ʱڳ˶ԷŭҲһЯĽңѺǰ̨㱻ɱҲɶԼ
һԼ
һĻ֮κ˷ܵؿҪըˡ
ҵ·ܺ󶫵ܼ򵥣ǵֽѵһһ٣¶ݣȻǮӮû뵽һԼһҪսŵӣ
ֱˣ
һʵǲ˫ȭѵ֣οһǧ֮֡
һ㲻ʩչУҲ϶ô˵Ķ֣ܵųͷһˡ
ͬʱƽ˲١
ǮԷӮˣúڶԷĲ״Ԥû֮ǰķŭ
һȻԲУȷʵġ
ǰһսô࣬ҾԲң
ξˣҲҪˡ

ȻŭȴҲвλҺܵ͵
٣ΪƽѾûֹˡ
˭
˵İ᲻һ۾Ź⣬Ǽϱ̨һܡ
֪սˣֻҪʤܽ˵Ǯ⣬ͶˣҲھʮˣ
š̲סˣŪ
һλŵҲ̲סˣ
⣬ϴŴȣһʮߣΪߣ裡
λŵӣһХгǰġҺܵ͵¶ŨŨɱ⡣
Է˵ʵ϶򵥣ƲǶ֣Σ裡

һգ۹򣬴̳ʮ˽һһ죡
似ɽ·ʮ䣡
ǿ似Уնɱͬĵˡ
ʱʩչᳵ·Х
ɣסȫ
վԭأ˼ͷѾ˰
ˣ
һ㶣ŸеʺһҵʹͷѪ˳žણһԴ˵ϡ
⡭ⲻܣ
㣬ʧԭء
ʩչȫһԷǵûеֵԴôģ
̨һȻ
֮ǰ˶һ̫ڿȻпʵ
٣֮ǰһô֣еĲӣû˿

кãǳսôã
ǰҲ£ʧһͨѣ
ȺսҲּܼ

𾪹Ⱥ˻̨ȥ
汻ɱ˻ԥͨڣʧֻͨҪܽһɱսҲҪĴ
¡
̨ŵӣƳ𣬸˵ݻʺһ漴ԼĽź
Դͬˡ
ǿɣҲܽʡʱ䣬ȻһôˣҪɱʲôʱ򣿡
նɱԷü˹
̨а˰ٶˣѶϢв˸ϹһĻɱҲɱ갡磬һ

ˣĿҪըˡ
һϣȻָʱ̣ܶٻлָĿܣöһϵĻͲǳ֣Χˣ
һ𣡡

ŵӡ
Ϊڴȵǰڡ
ģǲʩչϻһս
Ϊ׵ߡ
ôΧͺܶˣҪʹúϻսʵڶˡ
νˣͺã
˵ͷƳһΣ˵Ⱥ˹ȥˣһ
ͨͨͨͨͨ
Դͬʱڵϣ廯ʧ
֪սΧȻҲף־ʥ޾õģͨ壬ûôǿˣ
ԣһ־ֱɱڶеĻᣡ
ܽʡ

һĽܿ죬ϻȥֱʩչǿУ
ҲҪ飬ĹʩչɱҲҪ֤
û뵽˻ûüΧͱеԴ·ٴλȻ˳
˴˿̶֪λʵȷܿˡ
ǣɲţƾһ֮ܽôȫնɱ
ˣ
εһ̨ûһϻԽݺᣬǿĽУʩչ˳
ûпʩչϻ󷨣˶Ǹ֣һ֣һ𣬽ǰңһпж䣬ȫ
⼸˱ȸղŵҪһЦһΣ˽ȥ
һ֮趯
¡
꣡꣡
ûͷڵϣٴκһһ˱նɱ
ʣͼ򵥶ˣ֣ûһͬʧڱ̨
⡭
̨µ·ܿһĻͫǽ˵ϣһ壬˵֣նɱԷ
ܽʡļٵͣ
󶫵ͷ۾Ҳɵһı顣
ΧԷʧصĽնɱˣܼ򵥣ʵʵ̫ˡ
һҪ˵˽⼫֪ÿһе򣬺һĶܳ뽣Ⱥ֤Լˣ
ڶ֪ÿ˵ľУԼβܱʩչýԷĽУɱԷˣ
ķλƿصľҪޱȼᶨ΢Щң˵նɱԼᱻɱ
㣬ȱһɣʵȻͬʤˣһĻ
Ҳ̲סߵ·ܣ֪λŵһˣܲɡ
ҲնɱˣֻһˣҪ·ҡͷ
Ҳ֮ܳнԷնɱԷᣬ࣡
ĵ
ֻҪҳǿľк͵ƣǿӦܹͽɱ
ͣһᣬ·ܵ
Էܺܿ͹죬ҲֻǣޣսپС
ֻҪóʲôǰƾʵʤӦòѣ
СģǧҪʩչϻ󷨣ҲҪֹȻᱻ
󶫿ɱˣҲˣͬʱ
ԼɱԼˣôӲĥ
ô죿
һ𹥻һȥĸҡ
һ˲䣬һ󰲾û˼ȥ
һȥУһ˹ȥϲУϸСû취򰡣
ôô䣡
ɡ
û˵Ķֿ·һ̧̨ۣȥ
ûԶѹ͵˹þȫ취ʩչУúÿһ£ƽİ취Ȼ󡭡һɱ
ã
֪Ŀģ·ܵ˵ͷ
֮ǰȥʵ̫ߣŵǰʮģһûС
һȥ϶ܱƳԷĵϸһЩ
ȥиİգ֮ܣ
󶫣Ҽʶһ£µľУ
̨ϣû֮ǰƽģХһ˲䣬Ϣ죬ս
еĳ֮ƺڵĽȾХľ
ʦ֣
ȻҲˣ̫ˡ
ŵеȺ֣һ϶ᱻնɱ
㲻Ҳ
֣ȫ˷
·ܺ󶫣ҲõĶţϲ
󶫣
ۣɻĿ
ְɡ
гһ󶫽Х
ã
ǰһ
žણ
Դڵϡ
ܣѻȸ


1962 ŵһ

Դڵϣһ£۾ɵÿҪ
ֱġ
ڽתнУʩչˣţļһô˵ҲҪ취ֵȻ󡭡սغϣ
Էһ֣ͿԼĽż⣬Ȼ󡭡ȻҲûȻˡ
ԷγôɱһŲ֪
ôĽ
·ܣԲסˡ̽ԷοòơʵڶԷУվԭصӵֲûʲô
ƵĻ㣬ʧԭأ̨µ·üëһǰһڣûιȥ
ŵǿߡ
һоͱɱж
ôģ
ܵסôĽ
һ˲䣬˳˼
òơ浲ס
ˡ
ͻȻ۹һ·еսŨ
ܳΪŵһˣʣһǿ󣬲ܣûսǰ䡣
󶫣ûȻûƵʹУҡеȱݺ©ˣ
ȭͷڣսͬ¯ȼա
ǰһνľУʵֻһǾǿ죡
쵽˷Ӧ
µĲӦˣġٶ⡱
书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ƣ
ղŹź棬Էʩչˣû뵽ԷʵֻһУǾǡ죬죬죡
ֻҪ쵽˼£ĸ֣ͬᱻһĨӣ
Ҫƽ콣ֻһǾȷˣ졭Ҹ죡
֪Էȱڣ·Ѿƽķʹ𰸡
ƺ콣϶ģֻһ취Կƿ죬죬Լ죬ܱƵöԷòӶ¶ȱݡ
۾ԼĽк͹ֶԺйһ飬·ֻܾҪʩչʤĻᣬ߳ɣ̲ס˿
õͬʱ̨ȥʮˣһ⣬նԴÿһֲס
˿̣һ
̶Ӳ̨λҺܵ͵ѾնɱʮˣУǰһٵģ߸лһλ󶫡
ôˣûԷһˣڶûʩչУֽɱģ
Ҫ˵֮䣬˶ƾ˺ս϶ɱԷڡˣ
УһͲˣո
ֻҪ֣ͻͷأ
ٶҲã
Ҳýţһˣ˶࣬վɱɱ٣
ʿԣ·һȡ
ǰһˣ
ǲ䣬Ȼŵӵ潫Ҫںδ
ҪˣǮС£϶ҪܵŵƲúͳͷ

ͬʱ׹һٴսȼա
λʵҲٶȿ죬ɱûеĸӣֻҪˣüë·̧Ż̨ȥڣͽնɱλ֮УҲи֣
˶Ǹ֣һ˵ʱ׹һȻ
ǰԷ죬Ǹ죬Ȼܽɱ
콣ȻɶҲǼģһֱάֶ֣ܼã
һ۾ͿЩλҲǸ֣
ǲ֪ܲʤλҺܵ͵
ʤҲ޷ֻ֪콣ͼˡ

·̨ף˷׷ÿһͷ
·õµͨҲǰһˣ˶ûŵһϵһ
콣
λţȻʧЦ
ʲô콣
ֻ֮ǰǵУͨĽжѡ
Ŀ콣ʥһصҲֲסʩչ
Խǿ󣬶塢ҪҲԽߡ
ͺ֮ǵʩչʥ۷壬ܲˣ
ԣڵҲֻܷһƤëˣ
ȻֻóһԷܹ콣ľϣôʱ䣬ҳڣӦҲһλĸ֡
ֻǣʵ̫ˣ˷ѲҪʱ䣬սҲܷˮ
ʼɣ
Щ˼Ժת·Ѿ̨ϣһ

˺ͳһ𣬻һٵ磬ͬʱⷢ˹
ÿ죡
к죬

˵Уеǰеижһʩչݣ𺳡
⽣ŵǰֻ̫ˣѧΨһ˳ɹ
ѵ̨λǡ

̨ϵĽٵ˷Ӧ·Ȼ
нţֻ·ʦѧˣ̨λʩչݻѾȷϣ
һţŵһ˾ȻԳˣ
ˡ
·ʦԳ֣Ҫ߶
۾ͬʱˣһ˷ܵǼ
·ʦ֣Уǲܵ񻰣ŵһˣһֱûܹ
ǿߣԳ֣λҺܵ͵ƺܿͻᱻɱû취֮ǰôˣ
ڻ
̨ϵ·ܣ·ѾϳԼݣȫעʩչ
Хʮ׵ľ룬˲˹ȥġҺܵ͵Ҳ֪ɵˣǷӦվԭһ
ٶô죬Էһ¶ˡƽ⣡
Ӯˣ

뷨ԺͻȻͷһۡ
æ̧ͷ漴Էĳ֪ʱǰзһؾ޷ܵλãײ

ٶ̫죬û취תûü˵·ֻǰһڣԴӲ롣
ͨ
ʬڵϡ
һɣ
һн·룬һܡ
Էٶͦ죬ԣǰڶԷҪ·ڡһͷײ˹ɱ˻Ҫɲ١
·ʦֱһˣ
ؼһûģŽ׼λãȥˣ
˵Կƿ𣿡
ˣٴδ˶Ҫˡ
ŵһ˰ԷնɱɺɱһûκѣλҺܵ͵׶
ôˣûϣ˶𣿡
նɱ·ܣѻȸû˻شüͷ̲ס
ղնɱǸν󶫣ҲûӰ
Ѳɣɱкܴ
̲ס֮ǰһеĺܻŵӣҸɱŵλܸ𣿡
㡢㡭
仰λŵǰһڣѵûʵǿ󣿡
ŵһȥҪɱ㣬ûʵԿ⣿
ǿ󣿡һɻ󣬲֪ԷΪλʣûİٶǺܿ졭ôˣ
λٶǿһЩɱҲǳ򵥣ͺҪɱϣѷ֣˭еǿһ
࣬첻κӰ졣
еһ·ʦ֣ͣλŵҧ
еһ
дɻ󣺡ôûоɶʵ
ˡ


1963 
ɽԺ䡣
۾һѣΡ
նԴĸо治̫á
Ϣһ£ָЦ
սһնɱô󣬻һα˿ԴȻͨڣһ̣ϴѹڶЩļ¡
ʧһͨ·ʦӦÿһЩ⣬лὫ֮սʤ˰ɣ
ܿ죬ָš
λŵһ·ʦ֣
Щѧ˶ʩչôǿĹڶԷǰͺͯһ𲻵κá
Ҳ˵
Էʵɲ⣡
ͺ㿼99֣ѧԿ100һߵĲֻ࣬һ֣ǡֻһٷ֣ѧԵʵԶֹڴˡ
ǿߣǰ˶Էնɱɣ
ˣ
ڸпԺ
ʱ˭
¶һ˿ɻվ˳ȥ
·ʦֵԺӣӦԽ޴ҵģʦͨնɱλġҺܵ͵ֻȥˡ
֨ѽ
Ժ򿪣ŵӣͷΡΡĿʦϢŭǲǹš
ûǰλģһЦԭʦ֣֪ʦֿڣ
ʲô£
ü
⼸ˣУʵǰһǧŲϣȻʶȴδӴʱܹʦҪʲô
ʦŵһˣӰ鷳һ¡ɫһ죬ղ˵ŵӣæڡ
ûգ
û뵽ȻдҪɫһҪš
ŵһӰǺܴ󣬵ͨҹͰæĻʲôţ
ͷԲܿ
ûգôɣŵӣڶô𣿡
Żûϣһ󶫼æ̧ͷ漴һĻŮ˹ϴŲá
ʦ㡭
˵òüëæȭ
ǰĲǱˣǺ֮кպŮ䣡
ĵУʵ䲻ߣ츳ҲǿиүүҲ֮һİҶϣ
ܰ׳ˣλţû˸ӡ
ˣλ䣬˹ٺĵӣҲû˸ҽ֮ΣһԶԶҷϻ
ƽʱûʲôʱͻȻҹʲô
ҹ·ܰæҸŵӣɣһ
ʦԸǣʦֺңܾæͷ
ҲӦ
һһһ顭Ҳֻţ
˵ţģ˸˵
ʦ
ԺУ˫Щ棺֪Ǹ۵ĵӣʦ㣬ֻҪ˵ȥ顭
£
üҲָͣһһģӣ
Ϊߣһλ֣òΩΩФֺ
λ
˹ȥ󶫺ܿüʵڲ˼λҴδ
ʱ伫ãŵӣȫʶǰδ
Ҳû·أȥҲһ£
ʦͨ˱ȶæ
ȶü壺ŵһͨ˭ȶ
ŵһܵͨѹ˭ܴù
һļһСҺܵ͵νˣʦֻҪ֣϶ܹ֮նɱ
ЦЦ󶫻ûӵص𣬼æ̧ͷ漴·ʦ֣ɫ׵˳
ʦ֡
æŵӣҲͬʱվ
·ܣ
俴
ʦ㡭
·æȭ
ʦ֣ôɱû󶫺Ŀ
·ҡͷұɱˣ
㡭ɱˣͫһ۾Բʦ֡ɱƵʩչУ
⡭·ЦҳȥͱԷһ룬Ȼ󡭡ˣ
һ룿
ɵˡ
Ƕ֣ϣλʦ֣ŵһˡͬһ
һﵽ˭
ðģ
ô£
ʱҲֲԾˣɻĿ
ʦ㣬ġ
·֮ܽǰϸ˵һ顣
ͨҫҪսеӣһ滹˱Ҹ񣿡
̫˰ɣ
ŵӣ򡭡һսô࣬ļٵģ
Ϊүүھ͹ˣû뵽˱񣬸ק
ؼôק˸Һܵ͵š
ݣ
ֱŵ˼㡣
Ҫʶһһ͵վ¶ŨŨս⡣
֮ԱΪŮΪƢҪǣϲսʵǿ
һðһǿߣеһĶ״ܣβĶȥԣ
ʦǡĵӣȥĻΥˡ·ɫһ졣
ô˵ⶼŵ֮ʦúĵӣԽ޴ң
ҹȥǲǸĵӣðţ鷳һӣȻҲ˳㿴ʲô㶼޷
⡭
·һ¡
Ȼ˵ԷǺĵӣһ첻ߵأ
ʦΪŮȥҲ޷ܹԷʵݣǲǳš
νıԣҲûκˡ
Ǿ鷳ʦˣ
㣬ٶ˵ȡöͨһԼţһ˹
ⶫܸõαװݣһĵӣ׼üϣԱʱ֮衣
ͺһ˲ֹһQQһ
鷳Ұ㿴Ǽһ˭˳ҳеȱݣǽܣǣ˭ˡ
ͷҲǷ˶飬ǳƽˣ
ã
·ܵͷ󶫵ٴλصͨ
һòҲϴβͬΪ˷ֹϳҲıò
߽ûһϳ
˿̨̣ǰѾѻɽ˺
֮ǰ֪ϢŵӣʱȫΧ˹һŭգ̨ͣ϶ѻȥ
Ѿɱ˶ˣ
̨ϣʮͬʱ̨գ۹ͱҺܵ͵նɱһһˮһ㣬·Ҳ̲סԶһŵӡ
ӦóˡֻҪ̨ͱ˲նɱûܹŹһϣ·ʦ֣һ롭
ŵӣ̲ס
ȻŵļһߣɶԷʵĺǿУ
ŵһˣնɱ˸Ƕֻ֪֡ͨ˽˺ս䳹ɱ
٣
·üëһ
뿪ãӣӣ
һɱһߡʮˣ
꣡
ҪҪôͣ
ŵӣڶԷֱûɶ𰡣
ʦ㣬λǲǺĵαװģ
Ҳ̲סߵİ䡣
⡭
һᣬ̲סҡͷЩˣû취ʩչУҡ


1964 һϰɣ
ԷαװݣòٶκһλĵӶƣƵʩչлı죬Ҫܣ
ڿͣȥһ˽վһѹûУ϶ʲôۼ£ô鶼鲻ǡͬĺڿΧˣһٲ̽Էľݡ
̨λҺܵ͵նɱŵӵûɶһһżûκԣкĵӣȫָƣҲ޷ϳ
ɡû취ѹ
·ܿЦ
󶫳ȥΪܱƵʹУһնԴԼȥ롭Ƕһһһ˸ָˣ
̶̼ʱ䣬ɱٶλŵӣû˺սƶԷʩչеĿҲ
ϾжҪ󼫸ߣɱ󣬿϶ľʱʩչҲʩչ
ԣ
Ŀһ¶һ˿˷ܡ
Ϊĵӣ֮һŮͲ󣬵Խϵ⣬ȴ̨λ꣬һһնвô򵥵ɱˣҲͨ壬ޣҪɱôˣˣ
Ҳ˵̨ϵļһпܱǿĸ֣ΪսŮȻҪԳ̽һ£
ʦ㡭
һۣ·ܺΣǺĵӣŵӵһ֡
Էпǿ޵ŵӣô֮սͺܲƽˣҺĵӹ֣ǵ飿
˶ᶪ
ͨƣֻҪǶ˲˵֪һڣö˵ˣȥֻ̽һһʩչУӶȷݣֻҪȷǺĵӣͻƻŵսȻҪȷǺĵӣֱӶɱˣҲΥأ
⡭
һ£·ܹףǾͰʦˣ
Է˵Ĳȥֻ̽ɱֵĻȷΥ
ʦСģһĽܿ졭ȷѹ
죿µľǿ죡ʵǣ꣬׷үүʹҡѩѩÿ궼ȥ֮أһ£ĥѾʮ֮꣬д˽Ǿãٶȣһη壿
˫ֱ󣬰¶һ԰֮
ԷٶǺܿ죬ڿ죬ó
ȻҲܣһĵӵҪԷ޷ˡ
ѩ
֪λʵǿƢĻҪǾĽ֪飬֣·ܺ󶫣ͬʱ۾ˡ
ѩںպһǧǰһλǰѩ촴ģ߾磬ѩ׹˲䣬Σȫ
ѩûߣѩûʲô׹ٶȻӿ죬ٲ֮ǰƮ裬ѩѩ³
ѩᣬһ綼ߣҪƵϸ緢ٶȣҲ֪
ֽɼ𡭡ٶȡ񣬶Ѿﵽǲľˣ
ʦ㽫ֽɣλҺܵ͵϶Ƕ֡
·ٴιһĳϿңʦ㣬̽ݺ󣬾֣ͣŵӣնɱ
ô˵ԷսŵӣôŵӣҪʦ㽫ɱˣԼ޴档
öϻģǵģ
Щͷ˰֣𳤽ֱ̨ȥ
ȱæҪλҺܵ͵
̨
ΪĵӣԽ⣬ԶԶڳˣû֣ͬһѹȡ
䲻֪λʦ㣬ΪͣҸоԼĽ⣬ѹƵĲҶ
ҲǣпǿߣԣҲûʲô·ʦ֣˿
Űɣܽһɱǳ

⻰ȥΧˣͣһͷ
ŵУ޵Ĳ٣ƽʱô¶棬ûʲôʵʩչǰʮδǶ֣
λ̨Ůʦ㣬λҺܵ͵ӦöǣȻνͣͻȻðĸ֣
Ҫ֣Ϳ㣬ɱ㣬һҪɱˣ
ֳһΪǵģҡҡͷ
̫˷ʱˡ
ܾûôˣ
һȣеĳ˳
ѩ
һ־ǿХĽ̨γһѩѩƮɣ˿
ôǲǱ㻹Ҫ죿
ʩչ䲢δżŵ¶Цݡ
·ܵҫ˵ѩ˴ɵزʵϣЩ򣬲ÿһζʩչôǿ
οԷնɱŵӺɱһףѹ֮£ȻЩͻƣʩչƽʱʮΣδʹһεξȻ˳ôжʱ˷ܡ
֮ǰ治˵ܽɱʱʩչԷĽ⣬ȫУʤӦúܼˣ
죿
һ£ͷǰŮȽ⣺˺ãҸʱ䣡
˵곤̳
꣡
Ľһֵ֣͸оʺһۣţԼ۾Ҳ˽ź
ͨ
ʬڵϡ
ˣ̫һϰɣУ̨̫Сˣսɣ
һ䣬Ǵһֻ΢ϣŵԽԽ࣬ɱٶȣԶԶϲѶģһԹһȺ
̨̫СˣҲһʮˣٶӵˣһʮǧȫɱҲ֪Ҫã
οʱʱЩӢ۵ģܹ
ô鷳ȺٶܿһЩ

һ֣Ҳܳʮֱֻۡ

û뵽λǿʦ㣬ͬһûסͱɱλҺܵ͵ֱӳȫˡ
̨С˳岻ȥʵҲ˶ԷڸܵУԵֿһﵹáֱӳȺܶŵӣǳλܽ
ô
ٶٿ죬Ҳܿʮʮʮһٱɣ

һ˲䣬ֽ㽵
ʦ㡭
λĵеŮʩչѩûסһ£·ܺ󶫳׷ˡ
֮ǰţðʦ֡Էӣնɱû̫һѹûа
ĵӣпɾĳǿߣնɱ
ͬʵһҲЩ̫˰ɣ
òϣһǺ̫̫ˣȺҲܵסô˵ͬʱΧ
𾪹󣬿Һܵ͵֪ĳȺ󶫵
˫ȭѵ֣죬Ҳи޶Ȱɣ
ȺôͬʱΧǸʲô
Ӧõס
·ܵ˵ͷȻԶԷٶҲá
·ʦ֣࡭ôңҪҪû͵Ϯ
۾һ˸ն׵Ķ


1965 ľ
У
·ҡҡͷǸղŵսѾʧˣٽͨֻǿͣٶˣÿ˱ɱ󣬶ַϣкιƽԣ
ԷһսţǳϣѾܶˣǿߣˣ׳ȥٻף֪Ц
ҲҪϣ
ƽŵӵĽҲнļ֣
ʦֽѵǡˡ
һΡ
̫ɱԷð뷨˿ȷʡ
֮ģͼֶûУʲôʸýϿɣΪĽ֣Ӷ£
ţʦʦȻɱҲЩȥɣȻ쭡
Էף·˿˵ͷ뿪ͨصʵͻȻʺһۣҪתͷȴ֣Դٴοƨɺͽź
꣡
۾⿴ȥͼղųȺġҺܵ͵ǵûնɱһ㣬ͣǰȥÿǰһһƬ˵Դ
֮ԱɱΪԷ̫ˣɢĽ־ͽԴն
˼ɱˣɢһ΢ܽɱ͵Ϯ
͵ƨ
⻹ô
һԹԴصڵϣƤһ㵯˼£漴󶫵ԴҲԼһҲڵϲͣȥ
Էı飬ҲǱˡ
ǹ֡޹ġ
޹ҲҪɱҪҪû

ʶٴλع飬·ơ
һײ˼ҽϣ룬ڶΣȥԹϣնɱ˵ĽնԴ
ŵһˣ־Ҫϳʮ｣ľţɶʱôûڸˣ
һץ̧ͷȥ漴ʦ㣬ͣѾһƬǽ塣
ܲˣųоͱնԴǰλܲˣļҾ
ҿЩֵǮȻһ£ĸˡ
ʦ㻹Ϣŭ
æȭ
ϢŭûŭҪϢ
ɫͬҧġĿ죬俴˹
ֱ飬·һվòãͿǰһ
ž
һȭ֮ǰļλŵӣ֮κ磬ȫڵϣһףޱȡ
ˣ˳ˡ
Щ˴꣬ƺؿڣ˳˲٣˿һתҪæҵˣѵģ⣬£ϣ˴ȥϢӦ֪
·ܡ󶫡֮ͬʱӣÿһ
ˡ

δ䣬Ӱ˳ȥһͷʥ޵ıϣʧǰ
úĵܵŵͨȥѵŵӣ˼һˡ
ֻˣ뿪

ô죿
λŮת뿪󶫿Цſ
ô죿ֵôѾֽסֻ泤ˣ
·ܵ
ղǽҺܵ͵ɱˣأҲֵ̫ڣɱ˼ˣĵԳ֣ˡٲϣҲ𰡣
ǰҪ֪ͨϣǹˡ
Ҳ˵ͷ
꣬жг˺Хæ߳䣬ſʮλߣӷʥ޵ıϣ
ǸŵӵļλҪϣ
·ܣ󶫣ͨô£
һߣЩݣɫĺ룬ɫĳۣˣüë
֮УʵǿȨľϣ
Ҳ½Ƴϴȥϵλ˵̫ˡ
⣬϶ҲϳʮλУ½ƳϺȻС
ոսųϣûʸģΪһλǿĺ󱲣ŵӣҸ˹
ľϣսŵӡ
Ժ䣬·ûҳɣղŵ飬ϸ˵һ顣
λҺܵ͵սʼһеһУ֪ǰ
һսˣɱ˼ˣˣɵֵס
ľüëһŭ𣺡ҽô꣬ôô
ǡ
·ɫһ죬˵
һľݣŵӻǺĵԼͨͬͬΪʥһسڣ
ľߣͬһսǼˡֱۣӣƽʱǵģһ㶼ûҲûѧ
ϣһ̫ǿˡ
󶫲
ƨǿжǿǿʩչҲƽĽľϴ϶ԷĻʵͣʵͣҪԼҽڽƱ磡
⡭ǣ
󶫻˵䣬·ס½ǣֻòĵĵ˵ͷ
ʵҲ֪λľ˵Ȼʵδؾġɱ̣Щ̲ס
ľϣô죿
λһͨ·ܿ˹
ûã뼫촦Ȼ˵ĲŵӣЩϡ
ôԴӵܣһһˡȥҲ
ȻˣҲȥһﵽ״ðģ˲£
ľϰ֡
ʵǿԴľˣǿԳΪųϣһ
ôˣսŵӣ̫ˣ
Ҳ뿴˭ûзִ磡
ȷ˶ԷݣȻȥұѯȻӰˣǶᱻʷᣬų꣡
ľϺߵ
ǣ·ܵ˵ͷ
ȥ׼ЩŵӵͨΪϣŹȥ̫áľϽ
ŵͨŵӽ׺ͱȶĳ£ǲģ
ټôԳݽȥô
Եȡ
·ܶת߽䣬һóʮöͨ˳
ղű䱩һٷйļŵӣڽг̯ģӵдû˸Ҿܾ
ѪȷϣһС
νͨͬûչ¶Լʵòαװͨŵӵģ
ʮλϸ·ܵ󣬺ܿظ
ʱûˣХͬ쫷磬ԴͣڵϣһŵӣӰɢ
·ܵ뿪˵أʮӵʱ䣬ߡ˰˱ɱ
Ҳ˵̶һӶʱ䣬ŵѾɱʮ֮һһǧˣ
Ҳ̫ײ˰ɣ
ڵû̫ġ
Ⱥм䣬ΧġҺܵ͵·ܵüëͣ
Ҫˡ
һˣնɱǧλͬǿߣĲ󡭡֮ǰţȴʵʵķˣ
ľϣҲˣȺ鼤ߣʵû취
·ǰ
ڲλҺܵ͵ɱ˷ͣŵҲȼգܲˣ˵ľԿڣδȰˣ
ûа취Ϊʵҵģ
ãľһλϸֹһɱˣ
ǣ
ʮλǿĳϣͬʱ˵ͷˢˢǰ
ȻŵͬòڵĽţΧˣ׷ÿ
ˣְͣɡ
ǰľϿϳ趯Х֡
һѵҪûôʱ˷ѣ
һðôֹ࣬סˣһ㶣漴ҡҡͷг͵һ
㡭
û뵽һǳ֣˵꣬ľϴŭеĽҲУʺͻȻһۡ
ţԴ˵ϣûʧʶ漴೤ϣһˢˢˤڵأͬʱûԴ


1966 ȷΪŵӣ
ľϡ
·ܺ󶫽ԭء
ľϵˣǹģų֣ͬɱ
ǿǿһȺˣ
硭
ɱǣûеĽѵûţ
ѵûڵĽǿ
ӵ˽ˣ϶Ǽ򵥵ĵӰ
־ɱˣ
ؼǡľϵˣˣôԼһûκ
һ
ɾĺĵӣǶ̡֣ɾ۷ĳϣһʮʵ̲°
׶ǿ
ЦһֱãԼ࡭
ͣ·ݴ
˵ʵЩˡ
̧ͷȺΧŵġҺܵ͵˹ȥͼ˼սһ
˿ûܵնɱʮλϵӰ죬ܣ֪Էǳϣ
ͨˣڶԷУȻ޴ڸУ

˺ö࡭
ͶԷµһȷûֶԷǳϡ
źŵһ·ͿҲͶʮ꣬˵ǳϣҲҪŲУ
Ҳν콫ôնɱĻԽԽ࣬Ūܣ
һˣǮòԼʮöҿҲ
ѾȫҲˡ

ԣٲܸʱ䣡

˰ɣ
˵ϻ
ͬ˰ɣ
ǲ˭ֻҪܵסҹҲνסɱ˾ǣ
ľϵˡɱͨӣû̫𣬶һһ⼸˸˶ѡ
Ѿ֮һҪٶˡ
̧ͷһۣ˴֮ǰߡ˰ٸѾ۵ġǧʱѻӿŵӿ϶ҲԽ࣬ٵˣ

廯Ӱٶȸ졣

ľ϶Ƕ֣ҪȱݣˣҲȥɣȻϿ϶ᷢŭ
𾪹·ܵ
ţ󶫵˵ͷ
˿̵ĳ棬ѾܹˣȥֻЦ
һΣ뿪뿪ͨһâȺз˹
žણžણ
ʺʹ·ܺ󶫣ǰһڣԴٴε˵ϣƤһص
ꡭ
ˡ
ứġ
ô˭˭ˡͷ
˹ˣ
Դʼô꣬ƨûУλҺܵ͵ʮӣˡΡ
֣䣬Ҫץĸо
ʶͨɢ»ص䣬ͼľϵˣˢˢڵϣûһ仰ﰲš
ϡ
վ
೤ϲŷӦ
Ǽһնˣ
ǡ
ôô죿
ûӦ
ҲûӦ

ʮλϣȫͳ鴤һ㡣
ǶɾǿߣԽ⣬ȲϺĵӵЩţ꣬ʵǶԽ⣬ԶˣͬΪʥһأҲŵӿԿģ
ڡһ仰ûü˵꣬Դͱ
ȫЩ
ľϣĺ޲еط쵱ȥ
ջĵ˵·Ϊʵͣ޷λһһɡû˵꣬ͱնˡ
˰
ô꣬δô˹
ô죿
Ĭ˰죬һϿ
⡭
ľϳɣתͷǰ·ܣ˽ʲô
Һܵ͵
·ܵͷ
͵ס࣬ľֻȫһ鴤Щ̲סҪιȥ
һսţֳô󶯾˵϶ɱˡ
͵
ôʣô̶أ
κˣ
סҪըĳ嶯ľվ
û·ܾˡ
ǲǴҲˣ
߰ɡ
ľϵˣתߣһ̣ʧԺ䣬ʧȥټδһ㡣
ʦ֡ˡ
ľҲû취ΪϣӦôµģɱֻװ֪ˣ򡭡ô
·ܿЦ
ǲܣʵڹܲ˰
óϣͬ𱻵ɱˡȥ˶Ҫ

ѡĲˣ
ʥޱϣ֮ǰ˵ĳҲ̲סǰĬľϡ
ȻǣȥͤλҺܵ͵ô
ľҡҡͷ
ͤƿͨڣȷܹԷȷλúͷλɡֻŵӣȨ̫ˣûʸȡЩϢģ
ʻĳͣһ£
ͨ뻧Ļͤķ
ҷȷԲ鵽Է׼ȷIPɡȻƽʹͨʽԷݾǱܵģ
ֻų϶ѣûʸѯ
ȥ̽򡭡ڵĸɲصʧ
ϾȥȶûҲõӰ죬ⶫ¶ǰƽͨֱӱ
ҲҪȡ׼ȷϢľҡҡͷֻҪ֪ʲôʵͺˣ
ʵ
ͨҪѪԣʵҲǿԼģʮ־ȷ
롭ȷǲŵӣ
˷Ӧ
ǣôߵĽһǲλĵܹЦΪûﵽɡʵʵŵӣ£Ͳٹˣ
ľϵ
˻Ȼ
ԡ
ǺĵӣǲܣŶм
ŵӵĻȻᶪˣŵӣŵӡ̫ʧϣ
ʧء
ֻҪº󣬸ӣҲôǿŪã񳱡
ʥ޺ܿͤľϽݵĳӡ˹ȥ
ҪһŽСҺܵ͵ˣʵ
һľϽԼĿ˵˳
ˣ
ǰǽڣһâ˸漴һּ桪۷壡
ʥ۷壿
ô˵ǡŵӣ
ĵ͵Ҫɾ۷壬Իûﵽ
ʲôʱôǿˣ

˻Ȼ
ԷôǿҲЩɣǲǺ֮Щǿߣң⣬ףʵʵŵӣ
ֻǡôôǿģΪϣȴ֪

ôλҩҵ𣿡
ҶϵԺ䣬׷忴ǰ
ҪչүŮ͵ŵӽ׳ֱӻˡ
ûС
ɫһ죬ҡҡͷ
ʲô£
״̬Բԣ׷̲ס
ǡղŵսҽͨ֮һ
佫֮ǰ飬˵һ顣
˵ʩչҴĳѩԷһɱ
׷۾Բ
ǡ
¶ΣԷĽҾãνѧĳѩһǴ
ôܣ׽ƽ㲻ģȫʩչҲһſԿġ
׷üͣƬ̣ͻȻڣŵͨҪԹȥ


1967 ȫնɱ
ûСҡҡͷ俴˹Ҳȥ
ѩҲŻᱻƵҿһʲôıƣƽģҲţ޷ƽҵģ
׷
価Ŭ䣬ѩİֻƤëˣ
Գ֣ʩչ׽϶׽նɱ顣
ֻǸŵӡϾܲǳϣʵĵӳϣҪǿ󡭡Գ֣̫ʰɣ
һΡ
־ͺܵˣٳ֣Ӯʮѿ
ֻȥһĽһ֣׷ҡͷ˵ֻǸūˣֲǳϣûʲôʲʵģ
ٸߣҲֻүˡ
ƽ
⡭ǰλϣһҪȥ֪Ȱ費ˣͣһ£˵ͷã
ٴλص·ܵס
ľϵ˲ߣŮٴγ֣·۾ᣬеޡ

ֻǸŵӶѣǿõġ
ȥҡ
˶Է˼˵֣·ٴŵͨһٴνڡ
˵ʵʵڲȥˣɡ䶢ţȥͿ֣ܶ󶫶ˣΣٴδ·̨ǰ
̶ʮӣŵֱɱǧˡ
ԣΧԽԽˡ
ŵӾٷ߿ٱŭɱǧˣҲеЩ־ˡ
λҺܵ͵ͺһ֪ƣ룬ڶˣǰȻ
⽣
һᣬ׷ü
ǰλĽˣһ۾ܿûκμɣͺͯһһ֣ýĸо
ɡ֪ΪΣȴֻҪʩչ޷ֵֻɱ
ֽҲû
ս˫̫󣬾ͺ÷սһʤҲǿ񣬲ûúʩչǡ̫ˣ
һȭӤ˵ǿ
ϡ
俴
ĽǺǿҪ֪ǿҪ֮ԣ
׷
Աԣ·üëһϣҿˣ¡
ʲôģҲɱѿġ
׷ü
Ҳɱ¡ɱˣѿ·ܿЦ
ʲôʵ֪ôᱻɱ
ŭ
Ͼܲųϣʵȴһ㳤ϿԱȵģ
ǿߣ˵ֱ밤ˣ
ҡֻ˵˵ţ԰ɡ·ҡͷ
ղľϵ˹նˡλϾǿͬҲδʤùʮλųϰɣ
ԷȻţûҪѡ
ȻҲýͣΪλȷϡϾľߵʱרŽҪ˵Ϣ
ɱˣͬ𣬳үڵǼλϣһδηˣ
ŵ˵׷ȻʧЦ
Ϊǳϣţ󣬵ʵͺ
үָ㣬һٶ꣬Խ⣬޹ηκˣ
һΣڽӿǰȥ
֤ʵԼֻȷһ£Էƽĳѩˣ
ȥҡҺܵ͵·ܺͬʱǳһ£ˢˢ˼ڴıԵ
ʲô
ü
ûʲôʦ㣬ҪҲɣǵܿĺûҪô
·Ρ
ͷˣɲٱɱˡ
Сŵһأˡ
˶Է뷨üᣬ̧ͷ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ʩչʲôֶΣ֮ǰΧڡҺܵ͵Χˣ˿ȫÿһͨ

ûǰеĳʩչ˳ʵ죬ٴ˽γɵķѩ
ġҺܵ͵һ£ǰһһ̳
꣡
Դڵϡ

ĿԲ
ʩչǿ似ķҲûס
۾ȷǲģ;Լʺͬһۡ
Դͬ˵ϡ
š
Էʮסɱˣ
ѹ֡·ܵ˶㵽ǽǣӦͲµ˻
ԴڿµĿ϶̲סĶ˿˹ȥ漴һâӶ
꣡꣡
һԹĿУԴͬ˵ϡ
㵽ǽҲûáһɱ

治Ҫ
̲סҡͷ
ɱôˣЩƣˡ
ͨ⸱壬֮ģѾʧӽһ룬Ҳƣ롣
նɱЩʲôɡЩҪŵӣɱ꣬˸ٴ˸
һֱĻҪɱʲôʱ
ûе㹫ƽԣ
ҪģɱˣȻȻıòڵĽ⣬ֱܹģ
иɱǸŮˣ֮ǰҲɱɣ
ֱҪ˼£
ˡ
̲סҡͷԷôҪ˾ӣ͵Ʒµģ´μֱɱ˾ǣûҪ
ֻǡһֱȥĲѾɱˣɱͨˣ
ֻսپˣ
üë˾
һɱԷȥµٻֻҪУԶɱꡭֻһ취Ǿķʽ֣
ܹһڣȫɱӦܳ׽
нӽǧˡһôȫɱ
ǧˣɱ˽СʱʣǧټѾĽӽһ룬
ֻʩչˡ
ҧ
ԸȺһС
жļһʩչȫһգΪԴԴϽһֱʹá
Ƶϣʵû취ˣ
ԷԴԴϽԶҲûͷ
ƴˣ
мһ£ڲɣеĳֶ
ͻȻóΧˣȫһ£˼
תָ͵һ㡣

һĽ̴ָ㼤Уգ۹򣬷ɢǧ֮࣬һܣһ
УǸո֮⣬ʦ½ѧһƺһһ죡
֮ǰֻʩչһУ˿֮кһҸµͬһнȴ֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱ
ܽϰٱÿһʩչͬĽ˽й޷˿̸ʤһǿ
ˡ⸱壬ƿǧҲﵽ˼ޣٸ߿ֱܻӱ
ЩŹ֣ҿ춯֡
һʩչôལŵͷƤʱը̲ס
ûǰġҺܵ͵һͺȣȥ

̴ָ˳
꣡꣡꣡꣡
ǧˣԴͬʱأʧһ˲䡭


1968 ս飨ϣ
ϣʵΣ
ҲͲסİ俴˹
Ǵͨ뿪Ѿʮˣʶһع飬Ͼͱ۾֪Щʲô˭˵
ʵ
۾˫۷Ź⡣

ȫһ顣
λòᱻɵ˰ɣ
ǵߺ
ǾÿԴ
·ܺ󶫶һۣ鲻ԽӣȻ֪Ǽٵģı飬ɸеЩļ¡
¶ë߰
ѩһ꣬ԽԽٶȿ죬ҪǽڽڣƵ࣬˿йһŷ磬Ī⣡
Զ׷дͳݣһֱҶΪûȱݣģû뵽Էһж֮һԣ
䱻һɱȴҲԷĽȷ
⡭
գ۾ɫһ쿴ϡ㲻
һɶûﵽСһնɱĴ֣ѵ޹⣬ܶˣ
ĽмΪҪ
׷һ㶣˵ı飬ƺ֪ǵ뷨һЦΪߣһҪģΪǣԶ֪ͷһ޷̽αΪһ㲻ڵ棬ӰҪΪӰ죬ҲǺĳˣ
ǣ
ɫȫһ졣
ʵλ׷壬ȫĳϣźҶϣʱ̶һλ˵ı֣ӲԽֵ̬þ塣
ϣλҺܵ͵Խ⡭ܸߣѲɡ㻹濴
ң׷ҡͷûʸ֮ᲢۣˣαԣջķᣬȻȥˡ䣬Ѱλҩѣ
˵꣬վһݣ˳ȥգ۹ʧԭء
û뵽˵߾ߣû˿ɣһ£·ܣλҺܵ͵Ҳ򲻹ͱˣȥҲѯһ£λ˭
ٴνȡ˳
еӣ롮Һܵ͵ȶҪѯӦò̫סˣѯʣ·վ
üҸղſһ£ٻǧˣвŵԴԴϽУױȶҪܾðɣ
ܶãеӣ϶ȥ䣡ǵĽͼ֣
·ĿдżᶨţֻҪȥλҺܵ͵Ҳᱻľɱյʤǡ
ڿı֤ͼǰ󶫣һĶһƣһۣƤͣŤƺʲô˵˵ڡ
ôˣ
üͷһ壬·ʵ
ȿȣʦ֣ԽˡҺܵ͵ʣµǧˣһնɱڲöʤ
̲ס
һһնɱǧˣ
һΣ·ܲûˤӵɵÿҪڵϣȷ
ˣһİҲɵˡ
һɱһɱɱʮܽܡɱͬǧ
ڿЦ
ϢѾȷڱնɱˣ»صͨȺþ󶫵
ΪеĵӣԼĵ£ϢԴ׼ȷ
⡭üëһ·ܼæȭʦ㣬ͬʱɱ˵ԼѾɣЩ֮ԶĵˣҪͨܲþ¡
ȥɣ
֪أûж˵ǰ˰֡
˵ʵڣġ
˫ȭţһնɱǧ
λҺܵ͵˭
ؼɳ£ֵŶȮ
͡͵аëǮϵ

ͤľϵڴлָ
ʾԷʵ˵ȷΪŵӣһŵӣսţɱһǧˣǵûܣǶɱˡֱ̬˼㡣
Ҳܻʤŵ֮ޣϢΪϣֻԽԽֻ࣬Ҫһ½ڵȫնɱͲܳɹ
ľҡҡͷԡۼֶ೤ʱ䣬Ҳֻһ·ߣ
ͬʱͷ
һսšͬ𣬳ɹ̫ˣ
졣
ˣ
ڸпѶƷľϵͷȥ漴ԭأ⡢⡭ˣҺܵ͵һնɱǧˣôܣ
һնɱǧ
ѻȸ೤ϣȫɵˡ


ͨһһӰ³С
ȶȻɱģϢ󣬸˻м䣬Щ̱꣬һӡ
Է˵Ҫս˵ʱ򣬶ǿʧķ衭սסԷŵʵ
ȶλҺܵ͵սʱڳˣϵĽΪעѾ˽
𹫿ԵһͨԱ˳𣺡Һܵ͵ʤ
ͻʤˣŶûʤһˣ
һˣ
ǧӣˡô
ڳˣ̬ʧ⣬Щ
ΪƽŵӣԼĽЩһ׾ٵĴơ
ҲϢ͸Ϲˣûμӱȶһʤǧˣܹʤ·ʦЩ֣϶Ҳû֣ôף
˺˳
ŵ˾ˣڸԭһŵû֣
ˣһ룬˵սû룬ȴҪϳʮֲġ
·ʦ֣ŵһҲ֣λҺܵ͵Ӯ
ӭȡ
֮ǰ·֣ܳûü˵ݣͱնɱֻǾý񣬵ƣһ
δأ
һ˿ϣǲλʦû֣
һӮˣ
ѵҪ϶Լͨˣüëһ
϶ԼڣȷҲֻʤڳˣʤţ֮УЩ֣ҪֵĻδֵܹڣ
֮ǰ˵ˣ
ôƱ磬Ҳڲסɱǧ˵ĲҰܣȻˣֻҪʤţٻЩ档
һһˣǧ˱ɱ⻹ʤţʤʲô˵⻰߳𣿡
ͨˣɫһ
ųϣšĺţ¹죬˽ס
˵ŵ֮УǼλδ֣û֣˵ʤţûݣղ˵ĵҧ
жû֣ͨ˵
޷жԣͨս飡ˣҲķڷ˼
ʾս飬Ƕ֪˭μսյˣûüμӵģɲ빲ͬ
ʾʾƽ
μսģǸսŵĵӣʵͲǿ˺ŷ
˽ŵ


1969 ս飨£
˵ЩϢϹȴûμս
һ˵ǧˣҶ̶̰Сʱͻʤʵ̫ˣ
սĻû˻
ȷ
Ҫͨü
ͨˣݵģս飬ȴ¶ʵԼʤʣ
ȻϸսݣɽְڳҲڴ˽
ͬ⣡
Ҳͬ⣬ȻˣҲ֪ʤЩˣ
֪ܶ£ȷǲʤôˣ

һȻ
ȻдҪ󣬳Ҳ޷
ͨˣһܣתͷԸһ䡣
һתߣʱܳһȡ˹
ǡҺܵ͵ʱڣնɱǿԿһ¡
һ

һһгǰڿУע֡
쿴·ʦ桭
˺˳
æȥ漴һǰ棬Եôۣ·ܣĴΣ
˵·ʦˣֻǡĴΣʲô˼
̲ס棬ʵ
ĴΣ˵նɱĴΣɱһβģͨαװɱݣٴιֱɱˣĻأͨޱ顣
ɱĴΣϸȥ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
ӦòǲҪûɣ
쿴ʦҲһɱĴΣ

ɫȫһ졣
֮ǰߺ·ʦûμӱԵˣ޲еط쵱ȥ
Ϊλŵһʦû˭뵽ɱһΣܹɱһܹ
˶˹ͷ
ţλ˭źû֡ҲɱΣ
˺
ǡҶϵŮĵӣ
ĵҲ͵͵ܹսɱΣ

̨ٴλȻ
֮ǰã·ܱɱĴΣ͹̧ͷˣû뵽ŵӵıԣĵҲܹؼΣ
ȻǺĵӣǡǸ׷˭Ҳû
׷ǡҶϵˣȻǳϣ˵ʵȺĳ϶Ҫǿ󡭡
Ⱥĳ϶ҪǿҲܹսҲɱˣ

¿ȥŵӣѾҪ
·λŵһĵӣĴζɱˣϾΪŵҪ޿ɺǡ
ĵܹɱΣһλʵȺĳϵܹҲɱЩˣ
ֵôΪųû˹ܣ
ǰСʱ㳤ϢͺҲӦ֪˰ɡ
ͬʱðɻ
ĵӶܹսɱˣô೤ϣΪɶ˵ҲȰ裿
쿴滹֡
֣˺˳
ˢˢȥ
ֻսϣв֣֡
ľ诡ѡ貨½ơ
ľ诺ǡľϵ֣
ǳϵ֣
貨ǳϡ

һʱ䣬ɫķڣܲסֱӱѡ
һΪûܣû뵽ҲðܹսҲɱˣ
ǽȻɱ
λҺܵ͵׶ǿ

Ҫˡ
֮ǰߺҪսӣ޲һƽԼ
Ϊ棬ºˡ
ŵ˼Ҵģĵ˲˵϶Զˡ
ؼӮ˵Ҳˣˣ
ͺ׶԰ܣһս׶԰ʦҳæȰ裬ܹͬᡭ
ˣ
޵ݣ
Ҫս黹ãҪˡ޲õȥ

˵ĶԻս飬Ҳ
ɶʱŵӡҲðˣ
ôһоûУ
˵Щ˳ֵĻ϶ǿԼӰ찡սİСʱһһûʲôĵֿ
ˣֻҪ׬ǮС
һᣬ벻ףüᣬԼĿƬ۾Ź⡣
һ£նɱǧˣնԼЩ˶ҪеĽңԼ϶׬Ĵˡ
ָϿȥ
ܿʾһ֡
283764
ʮལң
Ц
ȻֶԼǮ죡
ǧˣÿƽʮལңСʱ׬˶ʮ࡭൱ŵĲƸѹ˽ӽһ룡
ЩǮҩѱ«Ӧ׾٣
ǡ
⸱壬Ѿﵽ;ƿݵĵزʱǰ̨һƷԪһ뿪ͨ
ǮҲѾ֣ûҪ
ص䣬ҩȡٴΰѺ«ų
ʮöƷԪΪ̸Ե
ƿοŨӿ˳ĺ«͡
ô֮ǰ˵Ļˣ
ЩɣЦЦ
ȻΪûʲôҪ㹻ҩһָ
«ŤŤƨɡ
Ȼͷ
«һΣһνɫҺͻأ˳üġ
ˣ
֮һӴǩԼ«ȫĹͨ㲻˵Ҳ
㵽ʲô
ܹûԷʲôͨƷһڷĵҪӴ棬
Ǹݺأ߳Ƶľޡ«ǽ
ôţˣЩҩԡ
һԽԽһһĵĵҩ˹ȥ
ſڽҩ̵У«ٴ۰ͰͿ˹һҪ

⸱ӣһǮ࣬Ҳνֹ˾ʮöչһ٣ȫӸԷԣԼ˼
ͬʵսǧˣ˵Ҳࡣ
Խ⣬ӸĿƸӾ׼
תһΪ̸еڵʱͻƹʥ۷壬ɾ
ͨȻΪҲа
۾Ź⡣
£ʱǰų۷壬Ҫ׹̣ҲҪʱڣ֮ǰսЩ鸡磬ԭԶɾȻʱҪͻƵĸо
Ҳ˵ֻҪҵʵĹ׳ɣﵽ߾磡
ɾʸΪĵӡлᣬ߾磡
ŵӲеֻɾµģҪ߾磬ֻѰҶӦᡣ
Źʥһ۷塭ɾ̫Զˣ
Ϊ˵͵뱩¶ݺΪΪĵӵΣֻίеӣɡλͽܣŹʥһأЩԶ
ĹԴҲɾҲҪһµĹ
򣬽̫죬鸡ԺкܴӰ졣
ԼҪɲܺѧ
ʵɾȥģһ취ȥȡܶҪͻƵŵӣˣӵвͻɾĵúᣡ
ͽֻܿܿԼ֮ǰ鼮Ժлһ飬۾ˡ
ŵӣҪɾжӦģֻ̫һ˵ô󣬵ŵӣѡŵͻƣǣ˲ٵͻƾ顣
㲻ǹֻҪõĻͬ˳ɡ
ﵽ磬Ϳ͵͵ĵӵɽ壬νĲ⣬۲ؼõݱ¶ˡ
ȥ
뵽⣬ٳɣ̧߳䡣
ү
ʱܳѾλٽŵӽϣ»صԺ䡣
ν֣˶ЩήңӣԷҲߣλɽͳǿ˿Ҳ飬սսЩס
أ
һһȦûֵӣü
ŵӽٿᣬСүѾȥˣ
ܳ


1970 ѯ˭Һܵ͵
ٿ᣿
ɻ
֪ðһ˵ţʮ˺ȥˣܳͷ
Ǹٽŵӡսʱ棬ԣ£֪ĺ

üëһ
ǶȫҶǶ
ʹ˸Ķѣ顭
ǰ֣ȻҪ鵽鷳ˡаԾ衣
ڵʵͬ޵УΪ̫ˣ֮ǰ׬Ǯ̫ˣһݣΪӵôǿĽΪͬ޵СԽ͡
ͼݣζй¶ֺġ
ʲôϢ磬λսŵǿߣסʲôݣ
治ɫʵ
ֻ˵˽СҺܵ͵ģе͵ʵ˭ûߵڣ˭ܳҡҡͷ
Է֪飬˿ʵǡŵӵĴ￪֪𣿡
ɽ䳡
ܳ
֪ˡ
˵ͷͻȻת
ž
ܳһү㡢㡭ΪʲôҪң
һƣͦݣݶɶѪ
ɶ˵ɶûһϢҲĺܼʱûκ⣬ˣ
ûʲôղŵʱţҵĹأ
ýͣת˳ȥ
ţܳ۾ԲЩץ񡭡ôʲôأ
ؼɶʱ˵ֹŹֵĹˣ
ססס´һҪҽȽ
ҧҧǿסĵˣܳ

뿪ԺӣûȥȣǱֱɽ䳡ɱȥ
ȿԷôԼֲ鵽ʲôز˵ʣµĻȻΣն֪鷳ˡ
͵´ǧˡ
Ծ衣
ղսͦˬһ˽ˬˬˣҪ׷鵽군ˣ
Ժ£һҪСģô³ç

ϵ
쳤м䣬Ա߼λߣȫϢ񣬸ѹ֮С
·ŵģŵľϡ
ʵܲ⼸˱ȣĻ̫ˣͬһΣַɸеŨŨѹͷϲͣð亹
γϣôżǽйΪ£
һߴ˽
ȻѾ룬ľϣ鷳㽫ղ˵Ļ˵һ飡
쳤Ͽ
ǣľϼæųľ诼λ֮ǰϴᣬγøѰţţճһһλһɣλ֮ţ
Ŷʲô
üһϵ
֮⣬˫ܹҲӦںģšпܡ
ͨһսŵӣСʱڣնɱǧ֮ޡľϽ֮ǰ飬ϸ˵һ顣
ȷԷʤһɱǧ󣬾ҲͲס
γϸ˵֮꣬⣬һðֳô󶯾᲻ᡭǴˣ
Ҫǡŷǵ᲻Ц»ܵν
ʦһĳǵǶˣһ
ͬʵСʱնɱͬŵӣ㡭ȷû˵ٻ
ͬʱһ𣬼λǲ˼顣
ͨͬ˭޷ģһɱǧֻ˰Сʱ̫˰ɣ
ǱԵӰ񣡡
ľϵһö¼񾧡
ƽͨһҲԼ¼սۡ
Ϊ˸õѾҺܵ͵ŵսӰ
һ֮̽ǰս²ųΪ˸ʱ䣬ǰսһζһƿնݱһһ˲䣬ǧ˵Դȫն䡣
һüëȫһ
һķ飬ѹ͵ͬΪҲ϶
ԷȴɡԽ⣬жǿ
⣬ġ֮⡯ܰѽʩչ־磬ҲˡŲʮˡ
ղ˵ĳϣ
ȻɻΪŵӣܹ˸Ľ⣬ԾǰϲС
γϵ˵ͷпǡԣλҺܵ͵׼ȷλӶȷݡ
ͨǲѯ˵ģỵ˹ء֮ǰĳü
ͨ޷˭λܹģƻ˹أҡ
֪ԣټλͬһ£ȥ
γϵţǣ̫һûҵάȨǿ߲¡ֲҪıʣ
֮⣬ɳɳȻսȨǿߣпǰ֣
ʷҲûֹ¡׿ǿߣΪնɱ

һƣЩѹ֡
ľ彩ֱҳ
ֻǸͨųϣܶ鲢֪飬೤ϵĶԻУ˲١
ЩǾԲ⴫ġ
֪ôġ
ҽ£ϵ˼Ҿߣ׵ķʽ
Ƭ̣һλϵ
õġ
ӭȡ
ѾѶĻظγһһģĸ֣д
⡭
Ȼ˵ǾͲɣ
׼ȷλãҵˣҲܸõر
Ȩǣλû̫ϻͬʱͷ
ȥͤ
γϲڷϻվ
ˢˢ˳ȥ
ľΪ̫޷У쳤Ϸֳһ˹
ȻλżпŵӣΪųϵĵһˣʸ֪Էȷλá
ܿͤû̫ϻλϽݵƵ˹ȥ
ѯҺܵ͵׼ȷλãγϵ
ˣ
һǰǽڻζһ¡
ʲôû֡
ô£
ͫһ
ƾô೤ϣѯԷȷλãӦʮּ򵥣ôûʾ
Ӧòͨԣ޷ѯ
һ˼æת漴һ߷
ƽĺ
ˣ

ˢˢݵϣ쳤Ͽ˵ͨʲô˼
ͨͨѯˣ˭ûԣܶ飬֪顣
ͨǽ˵񣬲ܾݴˣľλãУô飿
͡
γϵ˻Ȼ
֮ǰľϲѯԷΪʱ˱ԣ׾ͳɹˣڣڣȻҲʲô鲻
ͺͨţ׿Բ绰ľλãߵĻֶΣҲȷ
ýţţֻҪλҺܵ͵ٽͨͺ׷֡
ȻһЦ
˵ͷͬʱ˿
Էսôˣô׬ôལң϶ٴγֻ֣ҪãҲ
Ҳںһ졣
ǼŰɣľϣǣҲæȥһŰɣ
ô£γϲپᣬЦЦ
ǣľϲҶ˵æͷ
һʱ䣬վƽ۷λǿߣȫȺͨ


1971 
Ϊߵ֪һ·Уʱ䲻ɽ䳡
ɽ˺ŵӣӵѶϢȫֹͣ۶
˸䣬˶࣬Ҳûעһͨˡ
λض³˼
Ⱥм䣬һ߻һܣÿ˵Ķ䡣
ŵڶϣѣ
ŵӣϵĻȫɫһ죬ͷ­
ձͨˣϾͽټɵҲô¡
ƽţǧ꣬һγ䲻֪λҺܵ͵֮е˭һ֮սʤͬǧˣҲ㿪ٽȺˣֵñˣǧΧһ˶ɱֻʣЩ궼ѧʲôų԰׷𣿡
˿ȥûκα飬Ҳ֪ǷŭǸˡ
ǳ⣬ȫɫǺ죬Ρ
ǧΧȴһɱȷܴ裬ô粵粵ġ
ֻǡ
òƣ͵͵ܹȥҲ˼ɱˣҴɵЦɵʮЦٲ
λҺܵ͵ǵȷǶֻ֣ǡô᲻Ǻĵαװģ
һŵӣ̲סʵ
⻰һ˲˵Ĺ
ŵжҶһðͨǿһģţɡǿô࣬Щѽˡ
ҺľϵˣרȥͤˣԷʵΪʵʵ۷壡ǲѯĽ
ƺ֪ĻɣɫȻָһ㡣
ˣ
һ¼ӰڿУ֮ǰλȥѯ龰ܿǽʾʵ˵һģһ
۷塭ŵӣ
Ŀôǿ
ͬôǿ󣿡

һĻףλҺܵ͵ʵʵŵӣ֮ǰɣȫɢ
ڻкλ˵
Ӱ񲥷ϣѳ俴дĮȲ;öԷǺġǿҹԭ򣿡
˻شϵϢԽԽԽԽأѹ˴ͬΪʲôҺܵ͵ܹôǿΪԼһ͵û֪ûע⣡ӲμӱԣӲ涷ݣô֣һֻ˱˲֪ٱѪͺˮŻ˽ĳɾͣأ
ȶ¶ݣñעΪҪĿģΪȴûôġΪǿߣ
ͬʱ޵ݡ
°͡
ԼӲμӱӲ涷ݡΪ󣬲һ졭
˱˲֪ٱѪ͵͵ġ
ԣʧ˲ҪԹΪǸĻûŵͬʱûŬƳϵ𣺡ӽ쿪ʼϣܹԼĳ裬¼ţøǿܲûģ
ܣ
У
һȭͷҧ
磬˿
ΪԼˣŵüæܹ˰죬Լɣ˵ơ
ԾڴˣȻģҾĿԴѳϵ˵ͷһӣ⣬˭ǡҺܵ͵ҡ
ذɡ
û鵽Լľݣ˿Ӳ߳ţǲҪȥ̨һżĺ𣺡ҵˡ
ļͻأҺż˵ע⡣
Ҳתͷһ֮£ëը𣬲ûιȥ
ֻļһָԼеӵĿ⣬Ҳˢˢ˹

ͷƤըˡ
òᣬϳ˰ɣ
Ҫˣô͵
ҪǣȷݣҲˣÿܹսľͲ֪٣ܷ
Ͼ˶򣬳ͷأնɱǧˣֻҪԼܣ͵ڻ˸ߵĳɾ͡
ңңϴˡ
ŤͷܣٶȿֵҰգ۹ʧȥټ
ܡ
ŵӣһӵô죬Ҳ鲻ԽĴס
׷ȥ͸еһŨصѹϮѳϲ֪ʱѾǰղ˵˭
һҩŶҩģ
λӼæ
ѳƤ޲ýǰһƳ
Լ˵λҺܵ͵һ͡ҺԷŵżӴܡΪҵλһǧǿˣû뵽ֻǸҩġ
ҩģôɣ
ǡʦһֱҲտЩƳϵɫԣλӼæ
λ䲻̯ʱλȴҲǵŽ׳һԱģ
ֻûôעԷˡ
ѳü
ĵӣΪҲжŵģҶϵŮһŵӸʲô
ǣҩЧҪһЩλӻش
ȥȥң
ΪǡҲ͵ȻǣѳûȤεİ˰֡
šλæͷȥ·ܵˣɽʧķ׷˹ȥ

ա
˲֪Զû׷ͣüġ
ֻƽˣ͵Ļšô
ɡĲô㰡
˷֣ݿ϶¶ˡ˼
䲻֪ôй¶ģֻҪԼϣ¶ʵԷӦҲ֤ݣ֤ԼǡҺܵ͵
뽫Һܵ͵öͨٵ
ٵһ׷ϣֻҪ˶ԣɾҵԼȷݣʱͰٿĪˡ
Һã֮ǰ׬ĽңõһŲĿƬԷѯõⶫҲ
һҺܵ͵ͨȡ飬˿
ͨڣ䣬ɱǳе£ˣ˶н׵ǮƣڲĿƬϣۻУһء
ԣˣǮҲʧ
Щʱ֣ղָǸˣѾ׷
Էȥδָˣ˿ɻ
һﶼԼǡҺܵ͵ˣλѳϺӦö׷ɣ
Ϊֻһˣ
ѵԼ
ôܶԷô˵Ͼǣ
Ѿ飬޶֤ˡ
λֵܣܵĺÿ졭
ղλӣǰڴŴ
ȻղߣΪ˷ֹ˿쳣Ѿ˺ٶȣҲǶԷ׷ϵġ
ҵһϳ㣬׷ҷˡ
۾Ź⣬λӿǰǿ˱ء
ϳңɱ˵ҿɲǡҺܵ͵λӢޱȣǿƥӢУ̫ͬһҫֻۡͨŵӣֵһᡭ˵˵ģæ֡
Һܵ͵û˵ǡҺܵ͵
λһ㶣Щ


1972 һҪ޸
һ׷Ҹʲô
㲻ϳǡҺܵ͵ô׷ɶ
ŵˣ
㲻һƿҩʦ㣬Ȼͱᡭ㿴ˣǱġ㣬ȻҪ׷ˡ
һ£ӷӦһָ
һۣԷϹȻˣҪ
֪ô£ܸƨ
ˡ20أ
龪һ
ҺǮûʧȻҪ¥ɱˡ
Ҹʲôƣ̲ס
ҲҩãҪһЩλӵ
ҩ˿
ֻҪû֡Һܵ͵ݾͺáҩ«ϴˮȻЧˣȻҲܣƺô죡
ǰ鷳ȥ·ʦ֣æϵʦ㡭λæͷ
ӦͻȻһ£˼Ծλʦ㣬ǰҶϵŮں֮еλҲܸǰɣ
λŮϢ֮ǰ
ȻеλǺĵӣܽݣȥĵӲһˣͲȥ̨ˣ
һʡ
ǰλȷܸߣҩϿɣרŹңԺ϶ܵӣƽƣָտɴԺҵ˾С
λĽЦ
ʦ㣬ĿȫǣԷ϶һˣˣ̬ô
߰ɡ
ȷ㣬۾һͷͬ⡣
λӵʱ䲻·ܵԺ䡣
ҩʦˣ
·ܺ󶫿ǰλ꣬òƱԼСİδҲЩ𾪡
еõĶѾõĲˣвЧΪȱǮãűȳۡû뵽԰ʦҲãæ
֪ƥ˼֮ǰۺ«ϴˮΣ˿̲ȱǮˣٲҹй¶ȳ˵Ȼ˶ҩƱй¶ܡ
Ѿ֪ͨʦˣһ͵ҩûһЩȻҲס㣡
λʦı壬·ܵ
ǣͷ
Űɣһ¡
꣬·ܲٶ˵Ժȥ
Һܵ͵նɱĴΣеŨŨѹҲЩηʦ㣬˿һʱ䶼˷ѡ
ԺУ𳤽ͺѾȺ󶫣
λҺܵ͵ʩչġгһХ
ԣҾʩչġ
·üʩչͬ
ݻ䣬оҺܵ͵ľУͬʱԼеȱݡ
츳
һᣬͷ
ˣ츳ȷȵǿ˲֪ٱ
ƾսͷô࣬ܲס
Ľ׷嶼ⲻȫԷŵӣܹ裬žͳƫԽԽԶ
Ƥ鴤ǿסҪ˵ĳ嶯
ʦϰˣһԽԽʵЩ̲ס
һڣݱȻй¶ˣ̰ɡ

ʱһ䵽ˡ
̲ס˿
ҿˣҪȻԼ̲סܹȥͷһ٣Ȼٺݺݽѵ
ԼôĽƫŤ⸱ģҲˡ
ҵˡɻϴҵҩ
ޱ£ϳ˷ܵǰ
ϴүүֻһСƿЧٶһЩܹ׿
Ҳֻʣƿˡһ֮ǰ̯۵ƿȡ˳
ƿҶҪˡæͷӹƿһ£ȷϺϴһģһ˿һڴĿ֪ЩҩƵĻǡõģ
һżõģֻʣ⼸ƿҪȱǮóղŵ˵ǣ˵һ顣
«ڵڣֻҪ󣬶ԷҲֲˡ
ϧˡ
ΪܶһЩԷ˵鲻ԽЩʧ䣬ȡͨҵ˹
ʮң
ûȥǮ˹ʦ㣬ǮҲҪֻ鷳һ£֪ɷ񣡡
üû˸ղŵĸˣŲã£
Ǯһ׮ףǮ϶֮£Ǯ޷ġ
ԷҩүүǾˣ̫þܾ
ʦӦÿԿҵΪѾﵽʥ۷壬ͻƣֻһ
ҰͻƣüʥصɣźͺĵĲֵ࣬ʮöң
Ȼ¡ЦЦ֪ʶﵽƿߵĲ⣬˺þãûҵҵݣһʦ㣬ܴܲȥһ˺ĵӵĲ⣬Ҫֻ࣬ʱͺá
ȥ⣿
ΪʲôҪ⣬һ㶡
ղȻ˵ˣæͻƣֵֹʮңԷǿҪɻæϵͻƣʸһЩ
ᴫһЩͻƵľ顭
ԷЩҪֻȥ⿴ʱ
һɣ̫ˣҡͷ
ʦȫȭ
˵ʲôûпʵڡ
ֻҪ飬ͻΪˮһ򵥡
ãһ棬˵ͷ¶֮ɫ
˶֪ѵ䣬֪飬ʵס
ʦ㣡
˵꣬׼뿪·ֹܶͣ˹
оҺܵ͵ĽУ

֮ҲĬĬ˲֪ٱ飬ʥµʱ򣬿ﲻס
ǣ
·ܵͷϡ
ʲôջ񣿡ЦЦ
һЩջҲЩɻ󣬸ʦֽ̣
·æ
ŵһˣǰλӵ֮һİҶүүŵӣΪпܴﵽɾԽ⣬϶ǿ˲֪ٱ
뽲ͷ
Һܵ͵ʩչһƽƣƽ˳ٶȲǺܿ죬ȴ޷ܣҺ˺þãû⵽ʩչ
·гһʩչһʩչΣЩײ࣬ƺô벻ͨ

вǽʩչƽţǰƣպÿԽŹýȫն䣬ʮּ򵥣Խתɽ
ʩչģԷоôʱ䡭ûס
ղԼء
мͽΪһ壬ϸĽⲻҲ
俪ڣ˵ˣңרźͷ۹һ֪⣡Ϊѣܹʩչ
˵꣬һһģһƽƶ
Ȼ̫񣬿Ҳķֵģ
нضĽУλҺܵ͵ʩչģ
˵Ļһ飬д˷ܣʩչô׽治֪λҺܵ͵״ﵽʲô磬˭һҪһʱҡţ𾴺ͳݵżԣҡһҪ޸


1973 ҶҪͽ
ޣ
Ƥһ飬鲻Խĺһû
㣬Цôģ
ܲˡ
˵ʵλ䲢󣬷Ư˫ȣͦ޳ɡŮѵˣολŮв˳ľʹһ١Ҳס
٣ûŰ
ôˣ
ȻɫǼһ㣬ڳеİ䣬ɻĿ˹
Ҫ޸Һܵ͵־ʲô˼
ûʲôͷϵ亹һЦаԾһҪסҺܵ͵ݣǧй¶
нϺϸ˵Ӧ
𾪣˼䣬ǣ˸ղеİأ·ܵ˻Ȼ
һᣬǿסҪ³ĳ嶯תͷȥ۹۱Ǳǹģװʲô
ԼôõĽȥ治֪᲻ᰴͲסҪˣ
˵ʵҪʵȻ϶ͽƽʦĹײİ˿ôһȺˡ
ˣʵڲУһᣬǺúָɡ
վԭشһᣬڽ꣬һޱ
ĵӵɽ壬Ų̫Զڰ֮УһԴ֮С
ޱһ£Աɽۻ룬°빦
ǰǲ⣬ǴݵƣžͿԽȥʱ󣬹㣡
ʥһ޴Ĳǰ佻
ųŮ飬һûʲôģţ羡콫ҩүүùȥҲܵʹ
лͷ
ԷòϾķʽ˲ͬ
ŵӵĲһֻҪ㹻ĽңͿԽ롣
ĸһʱ㷭ʮﵽʮһʱ
ڲƴ֣Ҳں㣬ֱӸ120ö˸ʱ
ĵӵĲ⣬صĹͽȻҪŰ֪٣ɾȻУ˫۷Ź⣬һɨȥ鼮ȫ¼ͼݡ
ΣΪҪġ
ֻҪγƾڵĲƸΪʮּ򵥡

صסԺ䣬ڴЩİҶϸǰ
үүҩˡ
˵꣬յõƿ˹
ϴθҳԵҩ
ӹƿҶϰοƿϸһᣬЩã
ҽʦƳҩûʲôãΪܹѵģǸĶû뵽ȻˮһһӦ
һҩ
⡭ã
ۣȴܹκƣ°ɣ⸱飬ЦЦ
ҲϲҪǲͶҽһŵӵҩܹƳϵơ
ԣ
׷Ů˵Ҷϲٳɣƿͷһƿ
ҩҺʺ̸еһֱΪƣ˻⣬ͣϡ

۾Ź⣬Ҷ޻ɣʣƿҲ򿪣̷ȥ
ôүүƿԴŵĿ

ûлشڴϵİҶһ˻ӰһԺм䣬Ķһ
̣
ХԺе۶쫷磬һнһУڰҶУˮһ㣬ӣˣ
үүȫˣ
ոջڴ޷ˣܵԺۿ̺ˡ
ȫãһЩ֮ǰ޷ѾֻҪúõһڣӦÿԻָͣҶԶ˷ܡ
֮ʱΪˣû뵽ֿ˿۵ҩҺӵصĹЧ
ϲүү
æ
ҩˣо֪֮ڣںδһᣬоָҶͣתͷʵ
ǸŵӣҸղŴĵӲˣ

󣿡
үүף佫Ҫϸ˵һ顣
óҩֻҪ顭ҶϣЩţʵϵ뿴飬ûи֮ġˣ
ǵģͷ
ԷֻҪ飬˵ʵҲǺ𾪵ġ
˺ûᣬˣҪ󣬽ģӦ׾١
ȥȥϸѯ˼䣬Ҷϵ˵ͷ˵꣬ͻȻͣһ£ȱæ壡
ү׷ǰ
һöݵú󣬿άһʱһģΪѹƵλһҸ̽һ¡
һҶ϶һƿ
̽
ӹҩ׷۾һүǡΪͽ
ΪųϣԵ޹ȥ̽ӣοԷж
ֻһĿģǾǡͽ
֪乺ûгûвټϣҵֻ⣬޶ԵĻҵֵ̫Ǯ˫ֱ󣬰Ҷϵ
ô˵ƽ֮һ½պĶ
˾ֻ㣬ȥ˵ġ
ү˼ף
׷ЦЦ֪Էģݿ֮ǵƣһ޷ƣ۵ҩүκãҩ꣬ҲǺܴջүܻ£Ϊӣ֣һֱӻ
ݿ֮ǣﲻ֪ǿ֮ΣҲ󣬽УܹųģٲһҲҽ޶
ǧ½ž֮Թûκΰ취
ʱһԷӵܹҩϢȥ϶ΪĶ󣬵ʱΣղС
Ϊӣ˾붯ҲҪ׳ϵ棬ǽһ£Ρ
һҶԶȻڱȽϰȫĻϲĲ٣ҪСһЩҲ㱨֮öԷ˻Ȼǰǣʵ㹻Խ⣬̫Ϊӣһûӡ
ǣȥ죡
˵ͷ׷ӰһΣʧԭء
үүҪΪͽ
һڶУ᣺񲻱һ
ţһֱҶûչӣԸλͨ׷ĿˣŮԱ񣬰ҶЦЦֻҪɹʦ壡ΪҪںֳ飬ҿ٣
ʦ塭
ҧ
ǸһЩɰһ뵽ͱԼСҪΪʦ壬Ĳһ
үүȻû£ȥˡ
һת
ȥɣ
Ҷϰ˰֡
ոջָ廹ЩҪϸ
뿪Ժ䣬ɵģ̱ˣһԻ촽¶¶ݺ֮⣺ȥѵһ١үүǰƺʦ壬û˵ʱʦ㣡
ΪŮСԹһԼΪͣԼС˺ʦ塭ʵ̲£
˭Ƚѵ˵
үүҲҪˣǰˡ
ʥٴڲǰƾݣҪƣͿֱӽȥ
˵ڿ𣿡
뷿ţü
⣬쳣û鿴
ܣȥһ룬ŷλ꣬վһǰмû飬Ҳȥ˳鼮ķ򣬲ͣİڶԴ
ڸʲô
һᣬһ˿ûнȡ˼̲ס
Ŷˡ
ЦЦѰҪҵ鼮
ǺĵӵĲ⣬鼮࣬ôʱˣҲ¼һ벻
ӣȫ¼ܻ꣬Ҫʱ


1974 ΰ
öˣҪʲô鼮˵Ұң
ü
û취֣ԷһֱȥܲһֱŰɣ
ҲѡѡûȷҪı飬ùң㿴ʱ󣬾ͳȥ
֡
òһΣȻǽ鼮ȫ¼ߣԹ似м
Ҫһ£
ǰһ˵۾Ѿɨǰܣһţȫ֪꣬£ЩͲס
һûģһʱͷը
ȥģ
Ź֣ЩɻĿʲô£
͵Ǳߵľң
һָ飬ľҡ
ңһ£йŮ̫ðɣ
üëһ뵱ĳ嶯ֻѯһЩϵ⡭
Ŷ˿
Ǻעڲٵģǧʧȥ
㡭
ظûס֡
ô˵ǰһľŮģ֪Ҫһ׷󣬵ദԼԼԷȥңһﾹȻ⸱顭
ʲô˼
һ
±ԷʲôǿסҪըؿڣٺ£ѹסĵŭ𣬵ǰȥ
ȻһӴ٣Ҳʶˣÿ˵һ䣬ܰõ
뾲ңҲ󣬡֨ѽһŹϡ
ʲô
ؿں죬һ衣
ǰһڣҧסڵĸƼſ˹ʣʲô֣Ϊߣ
·Ҳ˵ҽڵΪ۷壡͵
ɽʱ򣬶ԷѯʹҲûʲôصģͽʵ˵ˡ
ΪΪߵһ۾ͿԿҪ
۷ǰɡ
ҧȫΪ̳ˮ㽵䣬һѾһͬΪ۷壺ѹƵΪһһĶԷӽ쿪ʼҪӮˣƴӣڣ
ԣɶͷԡ
ΪǴɫû뵽Ҫ䡣
ֻǡŮַˣ
ͷ
ƴӡѵҪɱҲҪأҡͷ
ȻͬӮֶҲ
͵ı֣
ģҲɱҪ㲻ԺʲôݡҪƺΪʦ㣡ʦһأҵһ£ȫ֨֨졣
һͷˮҡҡͷھͳƺΪʦ㰡Ҫ顭
˵תҪ߳䡣
ǡŵӡĵӣ϶Ҫƺʦģ
ߣ
һȣ÷ϻ䳤ģһֱĺ󱳾ʹ˹
ϲϣȴ˵
²ΪѹƵ۷壬ȹʥһأܹʩչལҲӦ֣һͨʱǿ˲֪ٱ˲ͽ·ȫ
ɱˣĶԷԺ󲻸ԡʦ塱Լ
û뵽ֱӳ֣
ѹֱ˳ΪŮȻûеɽ
һΣལâжҡҡͷʦ㣬Ĳ֣üˣ
ţԼóô͵ĽУɶǵû˿£˵ɫһĽóҿʵȻҲ
ಣ
һбһп죬ң̶
޽ʱ򣬺߿飬ͷŵ̫ǿ˲飬⽫ʮּ̣󷨣Ǻĵӣ޷ˣˣĽδǽ档
һϣ㿴ĲǶ֡

ôĽԷɶ⸱飬Щץ񣺡ȻĶˡ

ХĽٶȸ졣
ѩ˵ٶȵĿѾﵽ˼ĵز˿ȫʩչҳһӰƺУǿ˶Ѳ
죬Ӱ죬ιͶԷһ˿룬۳ǽ˲ֺ
Ҳš
ɫԽԽ࣬죬Ϊλٲղݣȴ˸ǷͣڣĴ򲻹㰡ôνⲻǱɱ𣿡

Ҫˡ
Ǳͷ󺹣˵򲻹ţ
һߴǷһֻͣһֻϻҪҪαװһµĳ࡭˵Ƕ
۾죬ԽԽ죬Է˵Ƕ֣Ӱȴ˻еĴ۾죬ˮʼ޷û

ʮУԷ½Ƕû̲ס䳹ױ᣺Ȼ˱ҡ

һǿĳѩٴʩչ
û̫ģȻҲüλĵӶ߱ˡ
ʩչôĹû˵ֺͲģĴ
콣γѩڵĿ̺һֶǵĸо

ڶԷĽУüģ̲סһ̾Ϣĺ͵ΪʲôҪң
ֻ밲Ŀ飬Ľһӡ
ô
飬ܹ䡭
ˣ
Ҫ
Ҫô
˵ʲô
ԼǿľУ⣬ɶܣ͵һ뷨ð˳ѵǡ
ͬʩչѩ·ֿܶס
һŲ֪ļһǵ˲ͥŲ࡭
ˣλնɱεġҺܵ͵
òλˣǰɣ
𾪣뽫еĲ²˵ǰ꣬ٴ̾ϢȻסֻܲ˼ˡ

ûѹ
ֱ۲һ˲ͻ˽ķǰǿѹȸУð٣Щ

û뵽տʩչͫһٲѹڵΪ
꣡꣡
һգۣΪʹջָɾ
ɾڡڡڡ۷壡
ɾڣ
ͲµһȻѾͻɾﵽɾ
ɣԴԴϣƽҲԳΪųϣһǿˡ

Ϊָ˲ϼӰٺˣ֪ΪΣԷƣѾ֪ȥһ㣬ܣѹ޴Ӷܡ
ôܣֻǡ۷壿
ƤͣҪˡ
Էʵֻܵ۷壬δɡָɳھȻô㲻һƣ
ͺԷָһ㣡
ô
ƽȷв˿ԽսɡԽһС𣬾ͺѵˣϾҶǸ֣Ҳͬͽ
նսɣԼС
׶ǿ
Ҳš
ٴα˿ҪըɾҵƺЩܲס
𷴿ˣԡ
국ơһʧֻǰһڡ
ͨ
ˤڵأ˹ȥ
ô죿
üģֶ
Էһֱȣʩչʩչ϶ᱻԷҪһЩԼԸ£
ɳˣֻᱻݡ
Ҫͨӣɱ˾ǡǰλ֮һŮиʧӲ
Ѳɣƽ󲻵һ죬ҪͨĴڣ
ˣķգ
гΡ


1975 ̫ˣ
ôǿ裬ˣֻܡ
ɶԷǶ֣裬϶а
ڴΣ΢ã鷳
·һɱˣʬ𼣡Է⣬ֺһ뾲ңҪʧױ˲
ڶƵԼ˵ܣֻߵڶˡ
ͣһ£ָһ㣬һԷڣٴһԵŮת
ǺĵӣҲɱ㣬Ҫģܡ
ۣڵǵԹͼŮ˷֮ɫһ𣬰ݵڵأʦ֡Ŷԣʦ壬ɲԽҽֻҪ㴫ҽʲôС
ʦ壿һҪ˵ĻʵС
İɣ
δ̫ˣ
ղŻɱɱҪɱԼɣգ۹
ʲô
˵ʦƺ۵ģ
ĿöԷ˵ԼܣֻҪؿƿγƺν
˼һ£Ҵ㽣
ͷ
ε˲䣬ȷϣǰ϶λҺܵ͵ˣҲֻλƽĳѩΪں
˵Ľȷ϶Ҫǿ֪ٱܹѧϰȻ죬ٲõģĵļλ̬ԽҲδ֪
ֻᣬܴ
Ҵ㽣Ҳǲɣи
֮תԷ˵ʵ⣬û˿αװ˿Ϊ˵͵뽫Լʵй¶ȥҪܽסҿԱ֤ĽʱڴΪĵһˣ׾٣
ʦġ
˼һ죬æֱͦƾ¶֮ɫҰ鷢ģй¶ʦİѶϢΥԸĶ
ģʽ˿
ϲԵʱ䣬ҲŪˡ
鷢ģû˸ΥģһпܱӣӶ³ͷ
Ȼֻ˵ΣͲö֪ˡ
֮ǰ·ܽгƲԣڸ˵һ¡
֮ǰܵĻ˵һ顣
ͣ伤ؽ
ζ룬Ȼá
˼򵥣ȴӳ
ˣɣҼȥˡ
Է˼һвͣʵ飬ת˳ȥ
»صǰ飬һʱ鼮ȫӡԺ
ȷ
ͺһɾ̻һγһ鼮
һ飬˿
Ͳµһ鼮γɾҲ˵ֻҪԪ㹻ֱͻƣΪɾǿߣ
ɾĹҲγһ롣
ȥͻưɡ
˿ʱ䣬ͼݵڣѾӽʱ˸Ҹǰ˽ȥ
һȥͿХ֮ǰڵĽС
ƣȴγһϣǰĿס޷ͬһʱ̣ĽȻըƽǰи


ͷ
һʱŮѾģȻȣ˺ܴһأȴҲ߷ֵˡ
ʦ塭
ͣסæȭ
ԷĽԽԽ֪ǿ󣬴˿ѶλС꣬Ͷء
֮ǰţҪ޸Է˿ȫû뷨
ˣϵġ
ţҿˣҪȥ
ҵ飬ϣүүǸҲҪߡ
ǣͷ
ܵȻԼ֪ˣȻ˶ܹʦһˣͷأ
ǾͺáӦ˵ͷ
ԷڻԼһҲ
ʦ壬æߣ⣬Ӧȥ·ϣ̽ʵͽ
ʦҪߣҧס촽æ
̽ңɻ
Ѳй¶ˣ
й¶ųѰңòŷϳְɣ
ǡҩκүүƣ˼ңΪͽʵ̫ԡ÷Ϲ̽һ£æ
׹
ѹŮˣһҪ֣ҪƵԼƺʦ㣬үүԼΪͽĪһλʦ塭
ҲͽͣԼڽΪβƺʦʦˡ
ϡʲôΪ
̲סʵ
ǰλָʵƾԽսֻҪռȻĻһɻܣλϵʵߣҪ
үүһҲɾǿߣ

ɾǳһ£һ֣
ɾ֮ĳϲеʵΪּǿߣҲжԶӶԶսʤ
ǣ
ͷүүԽϲܾܾ
˼
ѹΪ̽ͬԼʤ϶ᱩ¶Һܵ͵ݣڵΪֲöԷڲԡ
ʤҶּпΪӡ
ԸΪ˵ѧ
Ҫʦ½֪ݶΪʦˡ
ɣҪһϷ
ͣһ£
ãû˿ɣͷӦ
ϣһ߳˲һ·ۣӺĵӵɽɽɱȥ
ʥޣƾ·ĻҪһʱ
һ·ǰУٶȿͨ۷塣
Сʱһû̵ڣͻȻеһŨѹȶæͣסŲ漴һӰ֪ʱǰ
ǵİ׷壡
Ѿʹݵò׸ı䡣
֮۵£òɼ

ûκλ׷ֱһ̧һ˹
ΪѹƵĺͬͬΪ۷塣
˭ΪʲôҪҶ֣ƽ󡭡
ƺû뵽Էֱӳ֣ŵɫһףˣһˤڵء

׷ĳѾĲϡ
üͷ𣬰׷ɫ̫ÿ
òүյˣû뵽λʵô
ͬ£˲һɣͱ׻ܡˣүĵӣҲ϶ᶪۡ
ĽסҵĽУֻ·һ
һ׷
ϣɡ
ֻǣһ£ŮӰǰ
׷֪С㣬üǺһ

ǰһӳһǰһ˹
æ֮£𳤽һʩչǶǣһ֪û̿
Ҳֻʵǿ̫еĳŮĳһֶ˲Զĵϣˣ졣
֣û˷֮һٴαסӡ
㡭
ҡҡͷ䳤һգת׷ǰ¶ʧ䣬͸¶ŨŨʧ̫ˣ


1976 Ϸ
ҡ
ɫǺ죬վԭأ޴롣
ϣ߰ɣ

üӦһһΣʧԭء
Ӧǻȥˡ
Զ˿
ɲ뵱ʲôϵĵӣ
ҪλҶϣԸʦǿһ¡
ԣͺͰ˳Ϸͬ£򲻹ԷʾʵɰԻȥ棬λҶϾͺпܣӦûͽ뷨
޷ֹôĽ϶Ҳܽͽ֮£ӳ١
⣬ɽɱȥܿصס
СүĽѾó뻯ӵԼųɵζ㹻ǮöƷԪָһᣬΪҲͻơ
˳˹ʥء
ڲܳȻɫȴǿŬĶࡣ
Ϊɽ֪ΪҪԣ㹻ĵҩ߼Ĺ󣬽졣
·ϼϽɽţ̶ʮĹΪȻͻ˴ʥأ⣬ڣܳʥ
˶˼䣬ǼԼ»ص䡣
ͻˡ
õڶöͨһöƷԪŽԺе׼
ҩڣһھߣ֮ǰʹﵽ۷壬ʱͻƣ˿˹ûκɣƿɱ䡣
ʮӺͻ˶㣬䣡һƿﵽ֮
ҩ̷ڡ
Ԫļ󣬲˿̲ƴ֣Ҳں
ֻҪеã̷ҩ裬Ŀת£Ϊڽ
ɾڣ
ɾڣ

һʱȻһ󼶱𣬴ﵽɾ۷壡
ʱһöƷԪҲĵĲˣңּĵҩƺû̫ЧҪ߼ҩС
һͨ𣬻ˡɣ
ܵı仯ȭͷ
Ȼֻͻһ󼶱ʵӵķȣȴױȵġ
ɾգʵĲ࣬ǡʥ͡ɡȻͬ
֮ǰʹõڣȻ
ɼҵ
ܽΡ湻˵ġ
ܵڵ֮ǰܹΰ䣬ҡ
ռȻɶԷָĻĿ϶Լ
˵ˣ˵ɣͱǿʮֹ
Ϊǵ֮⡱Ӹнʩչɾ۷壬Ĩɱ
ɾδ֣ҲûǶֹ֪Ĳ࣬鼮صۣʱӦûǶ֡
˺ͷҲͻˡ
ֹ㹻ĵҩͺ˷ų
ں«̷һöƷԪƺԶԶָĵزһųͿźҪԵġ
֣ӽָüᡣ
ôֱһˣ治֪ɶշһԻ
ؼǣϴˮܹ֮⣬֪ɶá
´ʵڲУҸɾǿһԣ˻ãԿǣɶƣԺսǰ氤ᣬҲ

Ͱ׷Ѿص˰ҶϾסԺ䡣
ô
˻Ҷʵ
СԳ̽С˵ɡ׷һ
үүλĽĽʩչãͬ£ʩչһ׽ͽסˡûʸѧ
æ
˵仰жλʦ塱˼֡
ڣΪүүӵģʤλʦ塱Ȼܾϧô鷳ʵ̫͵ˣ
Ըұģ
Ҷü
Ǹղü¼񾧼¼ս㿴
˵꣬ȡһ񾧵˹
ӹʯҶָһ㣬ղսĳ̳ǰܿ쿴ꡣ
ûƭɣʵȷУүүҪΪӵĻ»ᶪүүϡ

֪ˣȥɣһºС飡
ޱ飬ҶҲ֪ͬ⻹Ǿܾ
ǣ
䲻ٶ˵ת뿪
뿪䣬ҶϾͿô
αװûκʧ󣬵Էǰ֪һһңʵϣȴ˿ıɱ׷ͣһ£
үɾǿߣԷصľܺܺãɱ׿˳
溦£϶취ߣߣѶȥˣ⸱顭Ҷϵͷ
ͶԷĿһ¡
ǡү
׷
Ůҹ߻ˣһ³çѧϰʱһʵȴܹ˱ԣʩչôԵĽУҪ˵λûǰ˵ãҶţ
źӣҶϿЦ
ǰ˵ãү˼ǡ׷ü
ߺѾͷҲˣҾ˳˵һ£ȥ˲󣬺λһ˾ңаʱ֮á
һҶӹһơ
׷弱æӹһۣ̲סһ顣
һһŮһ侲ҡһôãòʲôɣ
үɡСλʲôϵ
̲ס
⼸죬ĸ󣬿ҪʲôʲôϢ̸棡λҲһЩһŵӣȻ첻£زµŮԹϷ֪ʲô
ҶһЦ
ܳΪƽ֮һҶϾΪô򵥣Ҳ쳣Ⱥ
ŮԼҪͽϢתߣǳʲôӣר˸ȥˡⷢ£ȻȻ֪ˡ
ദ˰ʱ׷̽ʱͻȻð˵ԷܲɵҲ֪϶è塣
˵ͷ׷תҪ뿪
Ҫ̫Ҫ֣ȻѾͷ϶Ҫڣ⣬λݣУ񡭡û֣Ҷٴΰ֡
ǣ׷ת뿪

䲻֪͡ʦ塱ݵϷѾ˿Լķ
ʮйü
ʦ塱ڵĽУտʼܿ죬ҲܴԽҲˡ
ʡ
һʱоû취һҧ̤ޱֱŵӵɽ˹ȥ
֮ǰ뿪ʱרѯʹԷסںδķλѾ֪
ʱ䲻Ժ棬ޱ£Ժš
֨ѽ
һӭ˳ò۾һǡ
ʦʦܣ

ʦ͵Ը¶ݣԣǰҳƺʦ塣
ү
һ£˻Ȼ
һȻǹܼҲܳ
ΪôƯŮӣģ׸һ
үҲͦ
ãһ˿Ըֹ죬ⱲӿŮѶҲû뵽ƽ󣬲һ죬͹һƷӡ
˲ò࣬ˮɶ
ү棬롭
кһżͻȻʲô˸򣬻ҽ˽ȥ


1977 սģϣ
տһܳתͷŮλʦ£ſʱ򣬻ҽţ
䡣
үµĹأ£
ܳǳϿҡ
ü룬ûΥҽſż˽ȥ
һԺ䣬̿һͷǺˮӦ˺ܾˡ
⽣
վԭؿһᣬ彩Ӳð亹
ǰλֻʮ꣬Ϊֻǹʥأʮͨɽ಻򵥣ȴ̺ɣӣڽϣټʮ֮ˡ
ĳЩȷʩչĶ
ʮ꣬ʩչȿүүǿߵĽС⣬ôĽоڶԷǰһɿЦ
ǵ죿
촽ףʵ
ţСүܳͷ
ʦܣѧϰ˶õĽˣ̲ס
ôĽòһһͺʦѧϰ˰ɣ
ãָܳ˰죬ָͣһ£ȥôʱɣ
ꣿô
ͫһ
ͿʼѾ˽ӽʮ꣡
ʱڣүүͷϣ̵ְֽҩ˳ɾͣԷŽָ꣬ͿԼǿ
ôģ
ꣿܳһ£ǰʱ
үÿ춼æСүѧָʱ䲢ãͨ˵е⣬ȻԼѧϰˣʦʮ죬ָ㣬㣬ʱ
ʱ
ζһ£ûιȥ
ѧʱô
ſҪˣ
𾪵˵Զĵ죬˿ˣ΢΢һЦͣ͵ʵʦָʱ䣬ҲһʱʱܹܼҶ˵ˣ
Էҵ֪Լ˵Ѿݣûʲôġ
һ
𾪵ĶЩľˣ˺ôһᣬٴοڣҿɲԺһ½
Ȼԣ
æͷ
һֱԼܹԣٺò
ʼɣ
ΪѹƵʥسڣԷͬ佫ȡ

һǰ
ղżԷ֪Ҵ⣬һ־ʩչǿٶȿ硣
ˣ
ãӦÿսʤԷʱǰĵͻȻˣ۾һȻ󡭡
Ȼ󡭡ͷϲ֪ʱһ
ɫףٲѹΪΪգ۹ͻָɾ£˳ȥ
ҪƽΪٶȿ죬ԴȻ
ȫ亹彩ֱ
ԷеĽͷȻ˿û
Ҳ˵ͬĻˡˣ
£
ǾֵĿȥ
ΪղŶԷĽˣζ벻зɽǿ
ͬһɱ
ôãδͱս֪ǿټϲɿƣʵڱǸͷ
ţ̹ȥ֣ͣû뵽Խ⻹̫ˣͣ
ҿӦ죬סˣȻĿˣͷϲȥʦ϶Ҫ
ѧһʱͬңֵס
˿ĭһ£Ҳʦ壬ѧһӣҲҺὣʹ÷Ȼûõ裬еж󣿡
Ȼ֪кὣ֮ɡδҲûͱ˽֣ҪҪԣ
뵽⣬һǰĵ죬ҡҡͷ
ɲٱԷĽԴϣղŷӦ죬û£һ񣬿ܴ˿̣Ȼʬˡ
аķ䣬Ұһ䣿
̧ͷʵ
Ǹûסס¾ǣʦڱչأˣٽ㣡һָ
ŵӣΪҪź򣬾סԺ䣬ͨʮ䣬ʮֿ
ٶ˵߽䣬׼׵һȡһöͨ
ĵӵͨ
һС
ĵӵսŲͬԹҲ˽ԱԡϴκĴֻڵʮʮ껣ҲǶ֡˿̣ԣ
վͨڣĿһ
ںĵУܴ˾ηΪүүҶϵԵʣʵϣʵʵǰʮŲϡ
Ǻ֮Уǰı̬ܶ೤ϣһǶ֣
ϴκĵӴȣ˵ʮУֻʮպÿԽ֣ʦ崫ڵĽΣ
һǰ̨ҷ룬Ҫսʮ껣
ʱ䲻껵ĵӣ𣺡ôͻȻұˣѲѧʲôУܹʤңˣǰűȹ㲻Ƕ֡
ѧµĽУԡҲûзϣ˴ˣ´
ʦĺὣ׶ǿֻǵûͱԹ껣Ҳֻһ£ܲӮһ׶ûС
Ȼ㲻ںǾͿʼɣ
⸱̬ȣһЦ˸˽ܵıԳС
ĵӣÿһλҫ۵ĴڣӵмߵĵλӵˣŵʹõĹǲá
ϾһʧܣɺܴӰġ
ԣˣͨ˽ڽֻнս˫֪
ڱ̨վ껿˹ʼɣ

˵Уһâ
ǰλһֱϾǰ׳ϵŮʵǿҴ⣬һ־ʩչǿ
Ľâ
ԷʩչУһ㶡
ѧϰĺὣģ˿ʩչ˯ͷ
ûκγɣ֮ǰ˼ʮĺὣǰ
СˣУȻû죬Ӧò
һЦɣѶԷһ䣬û˵꣬͸еǰӰһΣϵһɡ
꣡
һԴ˲ԶĽ£漴껵ʬ壬˵ϡ

һ
лû죬ؼǣûʩչ֮ǰһֱսʤ껣Դ͵ˡ
㡭ô£
ţնɱ껣һöͨǰ
˵ʵҲˡ
ԷһǶ֣βһоͱնסЩץ
Ҳ֪
ľȻ
治ֻ֪ǰͰʩչʦ崫ڵĽУ벻û꣬ԷԴ͵ˡ
Ҳˮһ־óǿ
⸱飬Ϊڹ裬ķٴó˹

磬âˮ
ܳΪĵУʮԽ⼫ǿһ֣˸е
֪Էʩչȫ֮ǰ϶ͬ޷ʤһҧٴνʦ崫ڵĺὣʩչ˳
žણ
ͬû꣬껵ԴֵƤһøԶ
⡭
䳹״ˡ
òƣУԷԴôι̣һն͵ˡ


1978 սģ£
ĵɽ塣
Уպϴδеߣ޳磬Ǵ˾η
һһ׷һλɾ۷ݺϱʮ䱳ʦšնӶ¡
ʮһ꣬òͶʮûκԲʱһŨҵѹ
λӦоС
˿̵վԺУгһĺۼ黭ʦڽһܡ

ͣս
ۼڿƮ̡
ɣ
һֻҰзС
أ
ǽ˽ѪŽգ۹ͱɷĩѪһء
ϲʦ֣޳ڴﵽɼ𣡡
ƵһЦ˹
еڰ˵ĵӣ㣡
λʮңʵϣʵҲʮ
ﵽɺͳ٣ɾûӣȴǿҲάֵĸãˣʮǼ׵ˡ
ʮ꣬գɾ͡´κĵӿˣȻܳǰ壡
ЦЦһȻ
ϴοˣһֱûн۷壬ŵ˸ߣ˿̴ﵽɼǰӦòѣ
ƽսƣܳΪǰ壬½¶ŵǰʮ
һ۷ǿˣ
ǰ壬ÿһλлΪƽĳϣǰϲʦˡ
㱧ȭ
ƿƽĺĳϣǰǺĵӵǰ
ͺҶϣһǰںĵУһֱǰҲֻȺ쳤һ˿ˣ
ҳΪĳϣ϶ĺô
΢΢һЦ׿˹ôôпչң
ģʦֲһֱ԰䣬ж𣿡
šҲϡ
ƢããƯȢؼңԺķչо޴
ǰͿԽӹܽΪ½۷һȺ֮һ
кĵӵʮλ첻֪ôˣͻȻս껡
еʮ껣
׵һЦһʵ̫ǿһСˮǼΪ£ˮ޵УңҪƽ⣬ҲҪһЩսֿԣ
ǺǿոմϢζնԴܹˡУ

УնɱΣ
һסײš
껵ʵ֪ĺ£ӮôܲУͱɱΣ
ʲôʱλŮôǿˣ
ɱ껺󣬰ûֹͣս֮ǰϢǣͬһնɱеʮ｡ʮĵʮĶ裡
Цһŵ
ֻһУӵʮɱʮ
ôܣţһȥ
ã
Ӧһ
ʦֵĿģȡͨͬʱͨ
ܿ죬Եķ䣬⿴˼ˣȫһͷɥ
壬㡭ôҲ⣿
ǰһ꣬к壬ĵеʮȻǰʮһܽУȴҲͬѰ
Ͼǰʮ岻ͬҲҪȺĸӼҡ
һһΣһġ塢һߡˡšʮһʮһʮһ
൵ΣÿһΣ˲ͬǿߡ
еߣ൱ںĵĵĸݣ˾ˡ
ˣҲֻλͬһΣղŲ˵ֻɱʮ
еʮվſڣ⸱ʲô
ҸձʦһնԴ
Ц
ۺĻţʵ͵ģҪƺʵߵΪʦ֡ʦ㣬ѳ˹涨
ս㣬һʤˣüëһ
ǰһ·սģұһնԴ
Ҳǡ
ǰļ꣬ͬʱ׿˹ȥ漴еʮʮһҲվУΡ
ȻͬûסĽ
ĵͨҵΪһΪɾڡһһӵʮɱ˵ʮҲ˵ɱˣ
š
ͨڣҶɾڣޣɱ߸֮ǰԼǿģȻܼ
ô첻佣ֵز
ѵ
𾪲ͬ뵽ʲôЩޡ
ǰսеھŵ³ԽһɹӦþֵˡ
˵ͷ廹û˵꣬Ϳš֨ѽһ򿪣һŮ¶Դ⿴˿㣬ãˡ
㡣
ԷĿôоսһ
սĵӣֵˡսҪϢ
ȥ԰ɣ
ͻȻڡ
ӮȰɣҲܿǼˣûʲôģ
˵
һֱ߿ˣʲôģ
ܱҶҲи
˼ȣ
俴
ʦֵ˼ҵģҲŹ
һҧͷ
Ǻã
Ӧ䲻ٶ˵ų˳
ȥ̨ɡ
ô鷳
г𣬰һᣬѾǰ
ﶯ֣
û뵽ֱӳ֣ں̨֮࣬һɫһ
ûԷǰʺһʹ
žણ
Դ˵ϣ۾ɵĹԲĿ
ֱɱġ
ˣˡ
һնɱ㣬俴Զס
տʼʦ崫ڵĺὣЩİ֪Σնɱ˺üλǰĺĵӣҶɱʱĴ
ʦָֻӣôǿ
ѹʤ졭
ָʱشﵽּ𣬲
ҡҲ
һ
ɡʡ鷳
Ҫ̫üë
ǰȹǿҲǿڽ޳ɣѲ֮ǰ°ɡ
Ҹʱ䣬Ҫսǰ壬ͱˡ˰֡

ɫǺ죬üë𣺡ȻͱҲˣ
ĵĳһһ۳ǰ
޳ɣ

ֽҪŵǰ˰ɣ
ǰ
˶ʶ֮ˣһУȫǼ
û뵽ˣҲô

нͣ
޳ǽۣȥͻˣĺὣȻȴպòӦȫû֮ء
û뵽㽫޳ֵزżԵһᣬҳȥһ£ԣ
˵꣬һΣӰԭʧ
⡭
㿴ңҿ㣬ȫһͷˮ
Ҳˡ
ΪԷͬԴնҪҲԽնɱͿ˭Ķ죬Ѹˡ
ζûԷƣתˣ
š
ʦ֡
ͨ½Ĺ㣬Ҳһ¡
ŰɣҲԵһᣬܻʤ
ҧҧ


1979 ³
ҡҡͷѹԭسһ£˳ȥ
ԺУ
ʮ׿⣬ܳͷ϶һö˫ȴ
ಣ
һ˹ȥһ̣Դϣмľ룬Ѫ˳
ҺˡͷϵѪܳ
û£˭ˣ΢΢һЦá
ˡ
δ䣬һͬλá
Ѫϣܳץ񣺡Ҫˡ
İɣοƵ׼ֻǴͷƤû˵ͷ˵ԴˡһЦǰһ
Ȼ˵һֻǴͷƤͷû˵ȻҲͲˡ
ʦָһֱϰƣڣѾСгɾͣȻҲòܳԴʵˡ
ͷƤ飬ǰЩ˼ʦܣܲܽӽľдң
һ£漴ͷð
ʦӴʱ䲻֪࣬عнԼȴҲڹܳϡഫһˣӦòƽϡ
ô㲩ǿһˣ
нСүĽһ¿ѧᣬѧ߷ʽʩչ˵սгֵı仯ӦԣԺо

СүĽӽʮּ򵥣ˣʥѧʩչ
ָ㣬ӣȻˡ
ಣ
һâһѾ˲ܳԱߵǽϡ

ܹܼ̱ڵأ
һٶȺҪͷϣֱܻӹҵ
үĽԣһֱһɱɱˣϵȻǰԶֵԤУҵȱݽ֮ΪҪ
ѧᷢ͡
У֮ǿ󣬲ǽɳٶȿ죬ϵȻԽйȱݡ
νڹķӽֻǷǳѡ
ѧᣬҪã
Ҫϸ⣬ü
һͨԼϸѧҪǻʱ̫ã̫ʡ
ʦĻʱɣұľͲ̫ȫ棬ٸ㽲ĻҪ졭ͷԴΡ
Ѿϰʮ죬ҲгЧˣʦȣǲ˲֪Զ
ͬһϡ
ʦ⣬΢Դ壬ǳԵĵ޴ϵûôˡ
ˣһͷѧȥԡ
Ҫôͣҡҡͷ»ص䡣
Ǹĸ꣬ûɶĵˣȻҲõŮĳƺţñ˵ţѧϰһ׽϶ܡ

ٴλص֮ǰȶĵطȻ׵վԭأδ뿪
ˣʼɡ
ֳֳڳơ
һأֻ˲ӵʱ䣬¶һ˿ɻ󣬲ǵ˵ͷгһ޳ٴʩչ
Ľۣ̰֡
ˣԡ
ȻûѧнӦġڹķ䱾ͺǿټүүǳϣںܶལ˽⼫࣬еȱݺ©Ҳ
ֻǣ֮ǰû취ƽˡ
ͺ֪ȭ̩ɭһǹԻУԶԷδܹõ
֮ǰҪƽЩȱݣҪ̰ĽۣҪȥȻֻһȱܵˡ
ڡ˷ɽУͲһˡ
ûɣһ

ֶɡ
ˣ
һ㶣뵲סĳ;Դһۡ
ಣ
һһΣڵϡ
䣡
ˣ
Ҳһնɱ
ղһٶȺÿ죬һ־֮Сƽûнɣ
Ҳû˵У֮ǰɱǵҲû

ܻȻ
ɹˣ
˵Ҳһ
ֻѧ˼ӣȽϲִ٣ֻţŻŻԷһû뵽ֻһ£Է͹ˡ
̫ˣ

˫۷Ź⣬ٴλָģս飬ս

Ժ䡣
ô
ҶϿǰİ׷塣
ҸС㣬ȻȥһӵԺ䣬ŵӣǡ죡
׷һƣϣ
죿һɻ󣬰ҶϺܿ쿴һ飺֪½Ƴģʱרûμӻ飬ȴĻ¼ֻǹʥһأȴý⣬499ףһ񣡡
ҵ飬һλѣţѣͽΪճڣв
׷ֵݹһϡ
԰ҶϵݣҪһˣʮּ򵥡
ӵݣڵƽ󣬾ʱ䲻ȴҲǼᣬ¼ڰġ
Ӧþݿ꣬Ҷϵ˵ͷ䲻֪ΪǼǵĺʵΪλв࣬ѶϢȫܽϡ
Ӧͬһˡ
ȥԺ䣬Ӧþλȥλŵӣȴð䣬ͼı졭
Ҷϵ
ǣ׷վ뿪ͿһߣҴ˽ҶϣƻָǶܸˣɡҲҪܹŮɣ
Ůôˣ
Ҷһ㶡
װͿͨӵʮʼս֮սģȫһնɱѾɱǰˣ
λһ֡
ɱǰ壿
ҶϺͰ׷ȫһ
ʵ֪ʮѾǺǿˡһɱǰ壿
ôܣ
˶սӰԼɡ
˵ӹһö¼񾧡
Ҷϼæ㿪ȥ
漴䣬ֳֳһһɱúĵӣȫ
ԼŮȥֻУһǺὣһӽֻҪУԴȻڵϡ
а˫˭ѧģ
ǡľУ
һİ׷ͫһ
˭
ҶϿ
׷弱æкὣλҺܵ͵ʩչģרоС㽲ֻǣû뵽õģĸоо
оʲô
оǡҺܵ͵ʩչһ
׷
Һܵ͵¼ƽ˲֪˲ҶϾڼңŮΣҲնɱһΣҲ֪ˡ
п֮ľΪ֮һܲע
˿̣ŮʩչĽУȻһ
˼пλҺܵ͵Խڸ䣬Ȼ󡭡սĵӣ
ͫһҶϷӦ
ͣʵûˡ
ǣ
׷ͷ
ŶλҺܵ͵ȴ佣սġ˼˼
ҶһЦٴο˵һ˭
Ҳ
׷ҡҡͷ˵һ룬ͻȻɴ۾ǰү촽Ķ£үѵǡ

Ҷϵͷ˭


1980 
⡭
үȷϣ׷˵
һĻȷȫϣ
Сȥ鷳ȴĸԸλϷ󣬾ѧˡҺܵ͵ĽݺģܵУ
λóܹүҩ
ƽ󣬲һʱ䣬һڣ֮⣬սš
ϸ룬ìͷָ˶Է϶У
ȱæţǲҪȥ̽
ҶϵĴͣһ£ȥ
ǣү׷ͷ
˸ղŵĽǴˣߣ֪顣
ǲܣ
һֱԼĸǿҪըˡ
ȻҪܣȹȥ
Ҷк׷һȡöĵӵͨһͬʱͨ
ĳϽĵӵͨҲ֮ǰľϵһαװ˿
ʱȶĵطѾˣ˹ıԳǰ
ĵҲյϢѻԽԽ̨࣬Ѿ˼ʮλ֮ޣټĹ۲ĳϣָ죬˭Ҳ֪˭
˿̣ںеīƱȶ
īƣһҲŮӣò΢һ˿Ҳޱ߷ĸߴ󣬱һʿҪ͡
֣Ϊеġ
òˣҲʿЩƣ󿪴ϣһָ
ʼɣ
˫վãīùϻ̹һǰѹͬһʱеĳ
Ľͨ˵Ĳһ߳ߣ֪أһ䣬ʱᱻ˺ѡ
䲻ӲӣгһᣬסһйƣͬʱһƿնֱŶԷ˹ȥ
ǿľУǰ־磬־ͿԵֵ뱻ˣֱʹãұ
٣жûã
īг͵̧
ॣ
Ľͱ伱ٺˣڴŴ
ǳ嵽ǰǿߣÿһԼľУѧЩƤëܻܵġ
οԷ֮ǰսĳǰ˷
ҲԵһᡭҹһս֪вԽܣͣһ£
á
īƵͷ
֮ǰԷҲй־Ӷѣȵ
ȭ仭㣬ʧڱ̨һ̣ٴλصԺ䡣
ʦܣ㴫С
һžͺ˳漴һӰɫһΣʦ壡
ǰģǱˣ
Ϊɹսɾ۷塭˳أ
ô£
ü
ŮˣôܵԼԺˣһõ촫
ʦ崫ڵĽںͨ˱Ƚɫһ죬佫ϸ˵һ顣
˵꣬ûдģ
û
һãҡͷ
˵㴫ڵĽ˱ԣҴġʲô
ûģʲôɱȵģɸ֡
ţһģȥһʡһﵹãȻĶ
ˣ

飬Ƥ鴤
һֱáҺܵ͵ĵ͵ĸˣ縡ơ˰죬ôԣ
ұԣֻΪ֤ôģУȥǮƵģ
óϵŮҪǮ
кͨ𣿸һöҹȥսһ¡ˣĵӣǲǸǮ
Էƣʵ
ǰȽϺá
ǡŶͷ
ΪƽĺģΪﵽɾԣ̶ȣ϶ŵӿԱġ
Ǿͺãͨأ
֡
ĵӵͨҪɾڣҲ˵ǽȥġ
Ҫԥһ¡
ԷΪʱǰȶʱ򣬲۷壬ҪĵͨҪɾڣԻ
û£Ѿͻˡ
˻壬ڵϢӿ˳
ɾ۷壿
ûιȥ
ɽ·Χµʱ򣬺Ҳ۷ɣ̶һʱ㣬ͱɾ۷壬һ󼶱𡭡ôģ
ҩҲûôɣ
ү䣡
һĲܳ۾Ź⣬Ҳȭͷ
֪үʦǿû뵽ǿֵز
үô죬Ҳ϶ܻܡҺܵ͵Ǹ
һᣬܳ
һֱ˵λҺܵ͵Ĺү
̶һ첻ʱ䣬۷壬ɾ۷塭
ƽҲûôǿĴڰɣ
ž
ոп꣬ͻȻٴһֱۣԭתȭæ̧ͷ漴үףղҿ㣬ŵʱҽţƻҵĹأԸᣡ
ŻأҽҲ
۾һڣܳûˡ
ŲܽţҽҲܽ⻹ôš
߰ɣ
ӶŮˣµɽͰص䣬ָһ㣬ѪҺʶԭʧһ˺ĵͨ
ϴνСҺܵ͵ֵöܴƽ϶ˣٲáվԭͣһ£˼
Һܵ͵һսţֵֿ϶ٳ֣ˣµŲС
Ųȡ͵ãӣֻܽұˡ
ϴһᣬ֪ȡʲôֺãƬ̺ͽСҺ˧Ȼûô͵ȴҲʵʵ˵ѣ
ĵ˵ͷ
Һܵ͵֣ģԸҺ˧Ҳʣ˵ùȥ
һİ俴ȡţٴסͷ
硭ȡúһЩǫһЩ
ܱܲôҪ
һΣͨԵĵط
ںīƱԣô죿
һߣһߴ
ɶûѧͻ϶Ƕ֡
ܼ򵥣ͶԷģģнҶ㡭ȻָʩչӶʤ
ȥ
ָ㣿ȶʱָ㣿
һ顣
ս˲Ϣ䣬ʱָ㣬Ѿ˰ɣ
үүּĳ֣ȷҲᱻɱ
ɱ˲ҪϾԼҲɱ˲١һˣͳ⵰ˣ
ͷȥɣġ
ðɣ
Ҳ֪ԷǶǴֻҧҧ̧߻ر̨
ȻǾͼɡ
īƵ˵ͷгٴη֮
ȱæ
̨ʦᶨĿ⣬촽ҧȻԣģ
ģ
īü
ǡӮˣ㽫еĽңңˡҽϵнҶ㣡
ɫ͸졣
ȻʦĻΥɡ˵ĺɬأ
Ǯī۾ԲҪ٣
šͷǰɣ

ŮȱǮȱ𣿡
Ҷһλߣתͷλǰĳϡ

ҶҲˡ
עǮšô˵桭ԼǸТĵŮ


1981 
׷Ƕ£޲еطȥ
үƽ֮һƿǿȨƣ½պȱˣȱˣ
Ҫͱ˶Ǯ
ؼʵıȶ
ղʤīƣγȥӣӦҲʤ
֪ʤȴģò˰ɣ
赽ڣӦǹīƣ
пܣ˫սҲҪֻǡΪﵽīʦֵز̬ҲǿĶԼ޷ŭ

ͰҶ϶˵뷨ͬ
ͬ䣬ҲҪֻܳΪǰĴڣһսƣң粻֪˶ٴˣһֱ۾λã塣
Ȼ˲µһīƷǵû¶ζЦ⡣
ҪǮǺãҴӦҲǮ˫ƽ
á
ɫǺ죬
֣ƢֱҲֶܲ˵ľٶ
ֻһ½жʦһͱζˣ
ø׬Ǯһ
ҿͨԣүү֪Ȼȥ϶ᱻ
ˣѾ޷أֻӲͷƤˡ
ǿʼɡ
һīƳ󿪴ϣٴ˹
͸ղͬͬ
һҧҪʩչὣֵ͸еһһԺ
ӽ
˵ʦ壡
⡭
üëһһ
īƵĴ󽣣ſϾҪͷʱ򲻵ֵȥӽһûУԼ
Ͼһ֣͵ûκηչ¶ڶǰ
㣡
ھᣬʦ
ˡ
һλŴ漣϶һնɱ䲻ͣЪҧȥϾҪϵĴ󽣣һ

ֶ
ţ
īҲû뵽Էȥֵã϶ܽԴһۣ漴ͷϲһ
ಣ
еĳ䲻һָĵطͻӰʧԭء
ֻһ˿
ա
ס
Ϊαû뵽ʦôȷ
֮ǰͬУ޷ʤָ£һоͳɹӵоղսʱһ𲻵һٶǬã
ͺʦսͨĽУͬɻʤ
Ӯˣ
īƾˣ
þȷĿܾˣʵϲһ˿
һ˿ǻʤĹؼ䣬ɶʱôˣ

̨ٴ֡
ҶǸ֣ԽмǿĿ˫Ϊʱһնɱǣݶľȷƣš
Ĺ󿪴ϣ͵ʱҲǷĻڣʱõĻᣡˣսɣ˴ģ
ղŵĳɹٴʦĴ
ţ
Ӧһ价һܣһڿֵ꣺ʦֵ֣ˣ
ĵ
֪Ůһʤ϶սǰģûʹţʵ
ϱ̨
ȭͷˣܾܾ
͸ղһԸнңע֪ʦֿɷԸ⣿

Ը
ͷ
ʼ
һ˫վλãԽеĳȡ
ʩչʦĻ
߲ӽ
ˣӽ
һͷˮ
ǰĺûƺʲôûҺˣӽ
ⲻ
ǲɻ󣬵ʦǲΥһ̤͵ȥ

˲䣬ǰĺ֪ʲôֱʧһ
ǡ
̨µİҶɫء
˰ǰλţĹ֮ԶһУ£ɡܹɣѲɣλɹˣ
ӦˣȻôٶȣңĸʧִĸ֣
Ҷϵ
ͬȣ͵ϮɱΪΪǿݣȴʵʵǿ󣡡߸пһŮҪˡ
ţ
Ҷϵͷ
価ܿ˶Էеǿǰˣǿһȡζ޷죬ս
淢ֶԷʱ򣬿Ѿˣ
Уͬڣ˵޽⣡
ǰܹʤҲǰʩչ˽Уѹơ
Ůѧнһƣһӽƺû̫ô
У߲ûԷӰʱҲܲôˣһҧʦ˵͵ؽгȥ

ǡ

Ҷüëһ
֪ŮʤļʺСû˾ͽˡ̫Ϸ˰ɣ
öԷα֮ʱǰĿһŤһӰͻأڳеĵ·ϡ

һȣ̳δ䣬ǰһڣһԴϡ
ҿ
һҺʬ嵹ڵϣ㡣

ѻȸ
һˣ
ĵĺޱȣǰͷ󡭡
һɱҪҪôݣ
Ӯˣ
ȻҲû뵽һ
Ϊû뵽ϸʦ˵ɻʤ
λͱԼСʦ壬ͺܹǰԤ֪Էһǰ׼Ӷһɱ
ʦ㣡ˣ
ζɳɹĴһŮӣ
ĵе
ò䶼˿ҴŹŵһ֮У
òˣֵ֮˶֪Ľжǿ
ʩչܲ͸磬Ʒ޵УĺζƲձҵܡ
ϱ̨
ʦҶˮմˡ
һЦ
ҶˮմˮԴǣľУҶԴ⾳ɡ
ˣʦƿн䣬ϵĽңҲ㣡
ͷ
֪Է϶ģűǰ˵
лʦ㣡
ɫһ죬ͷ
αԹ󣬹Ҳ׳ˡ
ĺֻܵսģȡߵڡڱУѾɴġˣ
ȻҪάѡ
ҪƻһӶá
ʼɣ
Ҳ˵һΧ̳һ仺ʢȾĺɻ
Ҷ
ɵز
ǰĽֻͷƤ飬֪ս
ԷĽ֪ۻ룬Ҳ֪񣬸ͷһУ޷뿪
ӽ
֪ȥսȥƽеʱ򣬶ٴʦ
Σûκγɣгһɲǣֱ˳ȥ
ۣ
ɻҶͬʱʧͷһüɵùԲĲţʬˤڵء
ĵˣ


1982 Ҳʺ
ǡŮǱαװİɣ
̨һ󰲾˶ŵ˵һҲͲסߵİҶϡ
֪ˣѧϰµĽҲôǿɣ
һͷ
񲻱ŮȻ˺ǰ
ÿһεǰƽʷϣպ
ӵʮߣһ·ɱȥСʱ
ǡ
һ£ҶҲЩץ
Ȼ³ŮܵõˡҺܵ͵ĴڣɡƾУһɱǰŵġ
ܺеڶĺĵӣȥ
ʵָ£ͬһУԴ
ĵһкξǵһϺӣ
αӦĵһľˣ
䣬ͨõ˵һʵǵһɣϾѹΪģʵУξ˵Ѿﵽɾ۷壬ɾҲֻһ֮
ҲﵽɾֻҪܳͬĺξƾҶϵݣڽΪɾ۷壬ӦòѰɣ
ͬͻƣҪȣԽ׵Ķ࡭

ǿսĺξϱ̨·ˣȫѹ
λٰˣģڱһ˹ᴩȫû
ͬġ
ǰʧܵӡ󣬺ξ
лʦ֣
˵ͷгһ᣺ʼɣ
ţ
һξжȿ粽
Ĳ죬Ҳûκλڣȴһ֣Ʊ֮Уһͷ꣬ζ̲ƣն
꽣
˳
꽣ּڷأʦ֣ҲЩɵԷķɽ
ɵа鷢һ֣ͱԴ˭ס
⵹ǣֻ·һ

۷׷ס
Ȼ꽣ּأû˵ξõļá
ս桢涼ǴҪģֻлʤ˲ϣΪ棬һ־ͽױץסѱֻһ·ߡ
ԷĽͬڹһû취
֪ô
ôʤ
ھᣬٴʦ塱ɱڹ𣿡
⡭ûش
Ȼûɱ꣬ȴ˵
ҪʳȥԷùͷ¶Ȼ취֣쵶ն顭
ʦǰҲˣԷҪʤ㣬ҪԣҪԼȥԷһҲѵĹʱ䡭Ѿ㣬ܻܲʤͿԼˣ
ǡ
ȻǸм
֪ʦĥ
սʤˣһҲᱻȥ
ֻҪɹ۽ʵķԾܿ
ͺŴѩĽȲҶ³ǣȻǿȴ㲻ϵһɽҶ³ɱ̬֮ˣʱţһ޵С
ٵľ
ʦһֱָ㣬ʤҲòǿԼʤģһԼʤȷġ
ȷԼĽ
ಣ
֪ʦ塱ģٲϻֱǰĺξ˹ȥ
ǡι
Ҷͫһ
ܹξȱݣΪ֮һȻҲףֻû뵽ԼŮ˹
ֱȥ൱ڣΪնвͻᱻնɱ
֮ǰҾãŮܹʤѧϰһй콣ΪǰҲʵڡҾԼˣ
Զ߿Ц
ԷӵʮսʼУǺƾӽûκμ
õһҲõԼϿɡ
ѡڣȻһۿԷȱݣιƾ㣬˵Խ⣬ﵽ˸ӸĵزǵĽǿ

죬̨ϵĳ˱仯ξƺ֪ԷĿģûнǻˡ
ӣҲ֪Էһᣬκ͵ϮĿܡ
Ӧԣ
һĻɵͷ
˵ʵĲξҲǿѹܳΪһ̬ȻͬѰ
˿̵һĵˣڲݴȴѵʱһɱ
Լ֮ս϶ʩչֶΣƵöԷȻԹ乥㣬ֻܺͶԷһĵȴ
ڱԵģѾǽ˭ĸˡ
̽ʮУΣԷȳ֣ĳ˽ꡣ
û̫ģֱô˿ţѾЩܲˡ
ʱ
ĺξԽԽԾ۾ˣͻȻһ
Աԣһ˿塣
ˣ
ҧг
еļ꣬еģҲסʦĻȴŶԷ⡣
꣡
ԷĳؿڣĽҲ˺ξԴϣֱӹᴩ
žણ
ξ䡣
䣬
ܾˣͬھ
̫ˡ
ҡͷ
սķʽ˵ˣΪŮܹʤû뵽ֻ˸ƽ֡
Ƕˣ
ҿѧȻһƳˡ
ϧλһǮܹɨ⣬ΣȻûˡ
Ʋͬ·һȻڳ˶𾪵˵
ԣܹͺξƽ֣š
ϲиŮ
̨ϣս˫Ӱʧһ̲סȭ
ˡ
Ҷˡ
Ůܹͺĵһսƽǽ
ǺǿֻǡнҵΪ̫ãȥ
ߵ
ԾͰĵıԺˣҪǮ
ඪְ
㶼ƽˣŮ£ȥҲ
⡭һȥúýѵһ٣
Ҷϵͷ
үȥѵѾˡһİ׷
Ҷһ¡
ȷȥٽѵĻ¿϶ѾȥˣʱŮľ͵һսƽ֣ҲȻᱻڸ
ھʹ
뵽⣬ԥǰһλ
ʣ˵Ŀ̼й
ղŰλģӮ߶ԷнңֻЦ֮ԣĿøλþȫܹʩչǿӶȷȶĹ
ҶϵһЦΪЦԣղŵĶעʹգš
ʹգ
Ļδ䣬һǲõ˵վգΪ˭
üͷһ壬Ҷתͷȥ漴һ˹
ǡֻһͨӶѣð뷨֪ǡ
˲ӣŭ壬Ҷϸ˵Լݣͣһ£ͣɻʵ
ǳϣòҪ¶ݣ
£Һ˧ǰõѣ˵ľ˼
ͷȻģҪǮǮҲԣǾͿҵĽӦӦ
ò׬Ǯ
ɶЦ
˭ҷҲʺ


1983 նɱ
֪ں˭˵
һߣλ֪ðļһ˵˿ɫһ
λǰүүԷ˵Ȼֻ⣬˵ˣǴðģ£
˵һߴȥ
һ˹
û뵽һҶ֣߲ŭЦôĵҿ㵽ʲôʵܽסУҾͳ㲻
ͨ
û˵꣬Դڵϡ
еĳŸոհγҪֵԷĳȻûס
ôϻ
һնԷԴɱֻһ˵˵ҲҪţǷծǮ쾭壡ˣɺͳ
£Ҫ׿˵˭˵
һλĵӺߵ
òܵǮ˭Ըˣղ˵ģԸˣһܹңжЩ΢ʡ
ڱԷһɱߣΪɱ̫򵥣ɶĽжûʩչԷαװˣΪǸ޹ؽҪļһֵһɹû뵽ǵĳϡ
ˣûʶǰһ׶ǿ
ô˼ˣɫࡣ
û뵽ĵҲ޳ܵģ
ˣΪ䱻ɱûͲϡǮһڲٶûУ
ǲˣ˵㣬λѵģȻ˵ֻΪ˸ѹŴģһĵλĵӣԶҶαװɵˣǰɣλѣ
ǡҶϵͷֻΪ˸ѹ˸õķӳҪǮ
δ䣬һâ˹
ʲô
æתͷ漴ԶλҺ˧ٴν˳
üëһ壬һ˿ãνֵͻȻһ
漴Լƣ֪ʱԷһеҲסॣһڵϡ
⡭
ͫ彩ֱ
Ϊƽ֮һʵѴﵽɾ֮½վ۷壡
ǽǳ뻯ͬ𣬵ƾܹʤĲ࡭
ڣûü֣ͱն
ܴ͵Ϯĳɷ֣ɡ⽣δֲ̫̫ˣ
ѹ֣ղѻᱻһնɱΪǺߣй¶ݣûڿڶԷĽǰ
ţһԼġҲֻλ֮ĳţ˵λҺܵ͵
Һ˧Һܵ͵
֣Ժһתʱ׹ԭ㣬ǡҺܡ
֮ǰû뵽ΪǡҺܵ͵۷壬ͨҪΪɾڣ
ʵţû뵽Էϡ
˿̣ʩչ˸벻ɵˣ
û˵꣬ͷʹͼһѾͣһͷȫ飬ҵʹϮ̲סѪ硣
ҵȷͦݵģԼ£
һۡ
ء
ͷ飬ҶҪ˵Ҳ˵
ͨȻãʹ֮࣬ȴʵڵģһն󣬱ʹˣֱеͷݣǰĳϣ۵ĺˮ̴Ӷͷð˳ͣЩץ
ɾǿߣ½պĳڣŪֱɱ˻ܡ

һĻڶ̶ڣԶİ׷壬ŷӦĿҪը
̫Ϊˡ԰Ҷ϶ֱ֣ƽ

֣ʹ˹߻һξ룬ʺһۡ
žણ
Դڵϡ
ǡ
۾ԼĽźҲڷӦԷ˭ˡ
û뵽αɱͬһˡ
ô
Ҫˡ
һѾܷϻˣ˭ãĴĲģ
µ˴һȦ
ֻ͵¡ǮⲻҴ̼
̣̣
ԣһ֣ɱӺȽڵʰˣ˵
λѣһ־ôЩصɣ֪Ǻĵλ
һλĵ˹
棬Χȫ
Ǻе
նɱһöͨ½ˣΪ˷ʶ֮ǰò̬
ҲǮ𣿡ߡ
ŰƷȶΪ˴ġͷ˵ȥһᣬԼΡ
žણ
Դڵϣ˺üȦ
ˣвǮ𣿲ҲνֻҪͨҼһΣɱһΣɱǸΪֹ
÷ϻеĽ
ĲˣˡΣ
㡭
֮ǰҶϵαװģϲÿĳЩ֪ĺĵӣһնɱû˾λҺ˧ǿ󣬴˿̣һնԴ
˶Żˣ
ףǰλж
һŹ֣һɱ
ܲǺĵӡ
˺˳
ĵӣǿĺξҲһնԴɣ
ǰȴˣ϶йŹ֡
֪
û뵽ȺһȻ治Ǯɱˣķŭˡ
ôţ
ȻˣǾȫɣ
Լ˺ĵӵͨǮͰɱɱǲҽΪֹ

һȺ
һʱ䣬Хضɽҡ
ͷնİҶϣǰХͨҪɫ𽥱ס
һֱ޷죬ţҪֺġ
ǿסϵʹҶʲô취չ¶ݣһۡ
žણ
ԷɱĵӣɢĽͷ

Ҷϡ
۾Ѿ»صԼԺ䣬ǰ׷һߣһץͬʱʮꡣ
ǶǿߣΪﵽɾɡһ棬ͱԴ
ȫЩסˣ
㡭Ҳɱˣ
ѹ߿
š
Ҷϵͷ
У߼æʵ
ɱ磬飬
Ҷָ
Уܶˡ
뵽ԼһбɱƵԷȻУǲţʲôܳסУ
ɶʱԼǰλôˣ
һжûס
ûýҶϿЦ
ûãҡͷⲻܣԷĽô죬ͬסýôĵ
һУնҵĽڵϣҶϵڶУ̵ҵͣҵͷ˵
ͷƤըһ飺ⶼɱС
ǰɱУΪûɱңԣûҶϵ
㡭
߼
ȥնɱĵӣչ¶ݣȥȰ裬ɢĽնԴҶϵ
ɢĽ
ߴס
鵰ҪҪôݡ
ûɱɢĽͰ֮һĳǿߣŪˡ
û
û
λ֮ţ
ͫһ׹


1984 İҶ
Ǻĳϣɽ㲻رͻ
ԷһնɱƣȴҲܹܡ
ҶϣΪ֮һɢĽնԴԷ׶ǿ
ɵҲ˸ţ
ΨһĿֻһ
ǾǣԷ֮ǰóǷġλţ
Ӧǵģ
Ҷϵͷ
֮ǰһֱ׷˵λҺܵ͵жʼվЩţԣ֪ж£
ԷĽƽƽ棬ȴֱָģһûô
ڶԷĽǰ񱻰ĳģûκαװ
ԣղ˵նɱĵӣѵһҪսˣ
ͫһʶ˲Ծæֹ
ˡ
ҶϿЦĵӣѾɱˡ
ɱ⣿
ߡ׷ȫˡ
ǳһҡʮλĵӣɱˣ
ǸϿ֪ͨγǣǻ֪£ʱӦڽͤѰҡҺܵ͵䡭
Ƭ̣ߵ
òˣѾ³˭ھ͹ȥ
վҶϽһȥҺγϣ֮ǰķ飬ϸ棬ȻǻسϵҺͰ׷ȥλţ⣬ܿܽ
˵꣬һݣɳԺӡ

һöͨٴλصͨ
أ
յ̨Щˡ
ղŻܶ⣬ôͳȥһˣˣ
ƣӰζպͬھĺξҲһ͵ĳڲԶ
ô£
俴
ղһλСҺ˧ļһеӣȫնɱˡξ
棬ϢϹæû뵽ô졭˾Ѿˣ
⽣̫˰ɣ
ȫɱˣҺ˧
һΣˤ
ʦ塭Ҫ찡
һ˵˻񫣬ֽĵ
ǲǡȥսϵͨҲȫɱ⣿
ҳȥ
̲סһ뿪ͨ»ص䣬պÿվ
ʦ塭ɱͨкĵӣ
ǴˣȻ벻ǮҾȫɱˣͨڣǸһѵɡ

ץ
С£
ˣ㿴ǰǮ𣿸ĻתûҵȫȥɱһΣ˰֡
ؿۣЩ
ôһ֣ĵȫնɱΪǮ
ҡҡͷȡһۣƬ̧̺ͷǮѾˣʮҵĽң
ʮ򣿡һ㶣ȻĵǮ
ŵɱǧˣҲŶʮ򣬺ļʮŪʮ򡭡ͬһ
ԺҪɱĵ׬Ǯˡ
ипһᣬԷͽǮתĵ˵ͷǰŮղŵĽõĲ콲ģȱݼ࣬ڰһ£ͷȥս׬ЩǮ
䡣
ץҪ⽣æվֱӣҪϸ棬Ųܳĺǳʲôˣ
ǹ
һ
ͷƤը촽£ʦ塭үүˣ
үү
һ㶣Ҷϣ
ƽ֮һ۷ǿߣ
һôܹˣ
ѵ֮ǰݵòáԷҪԼΪӣˣ
Ӧ
Ͼƽ󣬲һʱ䣬һֱܵ͵ûʲô£Ӧòܵɡ
ǣ
˵ͷ
Ϊӣһᣬװҽ⽣ģ˳ѵһ٣˵ҽôôүүΡ

⡭Ǿᡣ
װģóˣ
ô죬ȻҲ㽣ˡ

ðɡ
ֻôӦ
û취ԷĽʵ̫ˣֻѧϰУһǳģͺĵһƽ֣ѧĶһЩ׶ǿ˭֪
ֻᣬܷ

飬׷ǰһеȡ˳
ô˵Ϊóƣܽţܳüë
ձүأЩһʲôģܹ
Ҳ˵Ǹƣ԰ڡʲô԰ڵģ
ƽϡүԷʶƣҶϲ
Էһ죬ûô߼ĳƣпԭ
ϣ
Ĳܳһɫһףæ롭
ǿһ
Ϊɽٴ֪ƽϵĿ£
Ҫ֣֪ôģ
װơ
˰ɣ
ܻţŮˣ϶ǿĶࡣ
Ҷϵ˵ͷżͼǰλܼסȥ·ˡλԵȣǼүй涨żʱ򣬲ţҲҽš£
˵꣬˽ȥ
⡭
ҶϺͰ׷
ôĹ涨
ŶЩ죬ġ
׷ͷ
ĹԸʮֹ죬λܹ֮⡱ԸһЩҲпԭ
ͨͨ
Ժӡ
Уںδһǳ
ôôأ׻ҽôʱ䣬һ㶼ûѧᡭ̶ֳȣүүΪͽΣ
أ
δ䣬Ŵ򿪣һŮŭ˳
һ꣬Դһ

ҶϺͰ׷峤϶
꣡
ֵһ
үүϣôˣ
ɻŮǸտһǾȵ˹
ǹ
Ҷϳһ£˵ĿģŮ𣺡үүãλǣҩʵ̫ˡҶôʱ䣬Ľжûѧᡭ
дźɸ֣㣬ղҽĽʩչүүүү֮һİҶϣ㲻Ϊʦ𣿼Ȼˣ㣡
ǣ
Σ𳤽ڿл¡
ܳҲûнж㲻ϡ

Ҷٴο׷塣
ǡôɵӣ
ҪŪҲ߼İɣ
ˣүү㿴ôʵڲ䵱ѧҪôˡȻ˵֮ҪʵڲУǮˣ
үүͷ϶û˵𾪣仹ΪԼݼأ˿æʦĻһ顣

䣿
ҶϿˮǺÿԡ
֪λʵʵҲˣ
ձһɢĽĨԴֵûС˵˼Ҳ䡭
ҿûط죬Ȼ϶Ҫȥ
ǰҺܱģѧᡭΥϵĺˡ
æͷϵı飬ǿȴЩԱŷŭȴ֪Ҷ˵
ʾ˷ḻУ˺ִ
ҶϺͰ׷壬Ҫˡ
ʲô۶ӣ
磬û뵽㲻⽣Ǹݼɡ
Ӱۣ׵ģ
㽣ĻȷΪӣ
˺ôһᣬҶϿڣΪ֮ŲãΪʦԴӻʼڡܿ죬֤㽣úһ

û뵽װˣԷΪӣæ֣ˣô϶ѧᡭ빼˳ϵĺ񰮣
ûʲôо֮㣬ӦõġһֱϣҶǿѹסҪģѵѧѧ
Էҳôʵɣ۾һæͷǰҶԽ̫Ȥǡѧ

ҶϺͰ׷ȫˡ
һ֮⡱ļһ˵Ҫѧ



1985 
ģѧ󿪴ϣ񱩣ԸʡΪԷţæͷ
飬أ£߲ܼá
ȻԷһֱԼѧ˵óϲͺˡֲƽĵӣûʲôΥԭġ
ֻҪչʾԼóԷ϶ͻͽĴ㣡
ȿȡ֪㵶Σɷչʾǿһ£
оһͷ޷ɹҶǿסʵ
ôǿĽΪҵӣܹ⣬˵ҪѧҪôʩչ
ʩչߵдŽ⣬ǫ̂
ܾΪ֮һҲЩõġ
û֣û˵꣬ͼҶϵһУ
ƽĳϣ֮ıҲЯ
ɽ֮ʯԹ
ýӸ֪ȱ㡣
ͺ¾ŽУƵʽƱʽƼʽʽ
Ҫƽ⣬ȻҪ˽⡣
ðɣ
û·ӹһһǿĵ⣬̴ӶǱһƥĳʱὫ

һۣҶϺͰ׷ͫ⡭ôҲУ
һ˲䣬ܵԼڵĽ⣬ǰ˵ĵ⣬ѹȵ̧ͷ
Ҳ˵
ԷԵ⣬ĳ̶ֳϣǵĽ⣬Ӿǿ
ǰλˡ֮⡱пܳΪĳ
ȻԵôǿ
ôоԼЩĿޣѧ˹ϣ
ǲǱȽó
ٴνһ£һΣջڵ
Է𾪵ӣӦˡ
Ϊ˲ԷĵӣҲƴˡ
ó
˿ĭҶѹסе𾪣ٲʵιҪΪͽǡȷݣȥϵ
ݣ
һʲôݣ
û´ӦþǡҺܵ͵Һ˧ɣ
Ҷϵ
ʲôҺܵ͵Һ˧ͷƤըȴûκα飬æ֣Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼
÷ˣŮʲôѵ֣ѧһ㶼桭ȻҲֻڵˮƽ󣬶̶̰ʱսĵһˡҺܵ͵λ֮ĳţʵ벻ˣ
Ҷϵ
ҡ
ŭˡ
ĸ
ȻѾȷһ˵
ʩչϷͷ󺹡ˣ
ûж⣬еĻͶˣ֮⡭⣬ҲɾڰɣӦԶҵĶ֣
Ҷϵ
Է֪ܲʲôطѹΪֻ۷壬ʵܹĵͨ˵ʵȻﵽɾ
ðɡҳϣ
ԷûԼΪҲֻͣõ˵ͷ
Ҳûʲô壬ˬһ㡣
Է˵ĲԼɾڣ۷塭ɾǿǰûһ˿֣Ӳ
Ȼ
ϣҶȭͷһ
оѾȷϣϣǼ
֮⡭
ƽǧ꣬ʦ֮ĵڶˣ
Ȼ㣬ɷһȥϵ֮⣬Խ˵ʮҪ⣬ΪǵҶϱȭ
ƽѡķܼ򵥣ݽߵ;
֮⣬ֻҪΪ㹻Ϊ嶤ûκ顣
Ϊס
ΪԷϳԼΪźͺĵ£гͷû뵽ҪԼȥ
Ҫݣⰲȫ٣ҪġվϲԵ۷壬Ѱص䣬Ҳͼˣ
ţҶϵͷ
ǺãҸȥϵϣ̫֪ͣһ£
ǰλߣҪСһЩ
ľַش֮ĵġ
ȻҲһֱô͵ˡ
ģҵȣ⴫
ҶҲͷ
˵Ϊ½۷ǿҲ㡣
䣬£Ҫ⴫Һλֵܣȥȥͻأ
һ䣬Ҷٴο߰ɣ
˵꣬һץգ۹򣬷ʧߡ
ʦүпܳΪƽ
һĻͲܳȫˡ
ȻУһֱ߹λ꣬츳ߣʵǿ
ζû뵽Ȼ֮⣡
лΪ֮һƽƶˣ
Ǻߣ£̱ڵء
ѹ֣үġءô֣ŽţҲҽŽš
Լ˵ΡҺܵ͵͵ڿ
û㺭ˡ

ͤ
γϵˣǽǰ
⣡
һٵĽŲ
λҺܵ͵ˣ
еĺγϣæ۾˹һλߡ
ǡһսкĵӡ߼æ
λ֮ǰҰҶλϡ
սкĵӣѵǡҺܵ͵͵վγͫһ԰۷𣿡
˽СҺ˧һս˼ʮλĵӣȫնɱҺͰҶĹȥҲնԴ
ɫһ졣
նɱʮλĵӣͰҶҲնɱڣ϶λ֮ţѯҺ˧ġ
նɱʮλĵӣնɱҶϺǰλҲûôˣ
룬λҺ˧͡Һܵ͵Ӧͬһˣ
ˣ
Ըǽζһ£δʾݡ
кĵնɱ꣬뿪ͨ
æͣҶ˵Ѿȷ˭ȥѰˣȻسϵȺ򣬲⣬ܿܽ
Ҷȷˣ
һۣš
Ҷһֱˣϻ鶼ûμӣôܱȷ
ġ
߼æ͡
ҩ飬֪ȴ֪ǰƾսĵ顣
ҶϾǸȷ˶Էݡ
䣬ֻѧУӺĵʮһɱһӶƽˣ
γϵɴ۾
˵֮ǰЩɻڻѾȷˡ
ȥɡ
֪Щ˲ٶ˵Ҵһصϵ
ոãͿҶϴһ˹
ˡ
λŵˣҶ۾һкһæܣλǡ֮λţ

ǺĿ˹
ŷ֣ǰˣֻжʮңĲ񻰡
λƽ󵱴ĺ
ҶϽܡ

˹ȥ
λǸʮߣһ£ϽŨϢۻһۿǳ
䲻֪ʲôΪȴҲ֪ԶԶҶϺͲԶĺγϣ
ѵһλԽɾǿߣ
һ


1986 ϵϣ
Խɾʲô𣬿鼮ûмأ½ƳҲδ˵ǰλȻﵽ
ˣɲ⣬֣һĨɱ
Сѣ֪㷽㣬չʾһ½ҵȿ
𾪣Ц
֪չʾü
Ϊֻɾڡ޷볤еͨһĵͨͬͬΪһҲܸõչʾ
ЦЦ
ϣڳϵͨںĵģԷΪԻʸ볤ֻܽһȼ
ͨˣѹΪұȰɣ
ԷҲûԼѹƵΪ΢΢һЦ
ȷû˵γüڵͨΪͬͬƽġǼѹΪǿȡǿȡȺʹҲ޷Ƶġ
ͨֻһʶУ壬ȫһģһͿܸЩƣȶſչʾǿ
ѹΪɾ꣬Ҳʮֿ£һɾڣԿ⡣
޷
ͨͼܹݣȴҲֻȷʩչĽ֮࣬֪ĸϸʮ˴ڳһֱʣЩͿԳΪ̣
ߣȻպҲ뿴֮⣬жǿ󣡡
һλϵվ
֮⣬ʦһ뽣󣬾֪߲ʡһֱû򣬼ģҲֽ֪⣬ںδֵжǿ
ǰλȻҪԣòˣ
Ҳһ¡
ǵʵѹΪԷҪ˵Ҳܣ
³𣬽ĵӳԺĴϣɾ۷ʵĽУ
ĳǰܿͽΪѹƵһгһ˹
ǵĽǳϵͳһƵģ൱ͬһΣԶһ̱ռȻ
һ˲Ҳһɣ
һۣδνһЦ

ڵļλϣȫüëһ
ǰҶϣŶͷ
һȡšҺܵ͵ô͵ˣ
ڳģƽ۷ǿߣÿһڴ½Ҳպ㽣ǿսһˮҲͰˡһҪ˶
ôŵģ
ôң
üëһ
֮⣬ǿ󣬵ܳΪĵӳϵĴϣҲ˵οֻѹΪͨҪսˣȽʤ˵ɣ
ɫ̫ÿ
³ѹΪսһɾڣЩˣԷȻмԡ
ֱǵ
һǡžžžžؿ֣
ʤ˵Ҳã
û³˼ƺǰλģһЦһָ
ʲô˼һҪң
һ㶣ŭЦǲЩ̫ˣ
һУˣ
ҡͷ˵ý֣һָһڣܣ
㡭
Ҫը
ΪĵӳϵϣƽʱԣѴﵽĵزɡԷ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ؼͶһһڿһϡ
ɾ۷壡
½ǿ֮һ
ôоڶԷﷴˣ
ãȻˣҾһĸУҿһڣƾһָνһܡ
Ƿŭϻ
ʵﵽֵزѿԣᱻҡ
Щ񰡡
ֹǿ񣬼ֱͿûˡ
ۣϷĺͺγ϶һۣԿЦ
һɾСӣôɾ۷壬ǵû£ų
ȱңո˵
֮⣬ܶԿ顭ԸʵܹǾޣ
ɣ
ٴǰȥ

ϧˡ
˵ˣûЩʧ
񣬶ǡġ
ֻҪһʩչ似ͼݾͿԽ˵ȱ֮࣬ȫ̽һһ֪ԼǿʣµĹ˼棬ˣ޷۲죿
£ֲǲᷢ
ˣȽһսˣӦö³
һİȣ֪ˣһЦʼɣ

ǰĳˡ
ѹƵɾڣٶɿ쫷硢磬ǰĳ˿ռһɲǼ䣬ǰ
Ȼͬ𣬵֮ǰλξǿ˲֪ٱ
ڶԷĳʺ֮ʱָ̧ǰһ㡣
죬ȴһԽԽԽԽصĸо׹һ˲䣬ڳУȼһֲɿĴ
ôܣ
ͫһ۾Բ
ɾ۷ǿߣѹΪţܱϢѹƵĳֻþɡԷָĸһ޷
ôģ
꣡꣡
ԷָѹȸУӭɾҲܲסգ۹ѺۣϳƬ
ǰҲǱڵأ޷ֻŶԷָԼüġ
һ˼
𾪣ţ̨ϵĺͻȻһ㶣漴΢΢һЦ
⡭
׹γɻ
ͬʵǰλһָ⽫ѹϣԷҲǱաʲôԭ
ûĻ⾫ͨҲ˽⼫࣡
͡
󷨣γϸԻˡ
ţһָýϵ󷨣⣬ôǿ󡭡ղŹԷʵʱ䣬֮С
˵⣬̲סпѹ֮⣬ֶԻãֱţ
⡭
γƤһ
೤ʱ䣿
಻ʮӡ
ϳ̺󷨣̺У󷨵Ĵơ
⡭̫˰ɣ
֮ǰţͬ𣬶Էһ˲ʤô࣬ڿпܣ
أ
߾ȵ˵ǰսĶˣѾ˽һָ£𵹷ɶڿУͽΪ⡣
Ȼ϶Ҫܵˡ
Σ
ֶɫȻ
ӳָԷɣ಻٣պһ
ҡˣ
ؿڻʹ𾡹ܾöԷвǵĽȴҲö˵
ֻɾˣһָܣѾܶˣ˵ʵ̧ͷ
Ǻǣ
ϣһЦͻȻһȦÿһλϵĶը졣
֪λɷ棬һ³һһһ١ɺã


1987 ϵ£
㡭
̫ˣôоôأ
Ҳǣ֪꣬ţûôǷģ
ҹǲˣ
⻰γϵˣĻ
֮⣬ѰңϧƻءҹҲ̫ôˣ
һһһٿɺá
ﻰ˼ǼĶ£
ţ

Һܵ͵øͷ
һлܳϣܽ˳ϵ󷨣ȴҲ˵ս⼫԰ɡ
ǿסҪըؿڣγվ
ҪսˣǴһ
ҡҡͷվ

ʣ¼λȫɫһ
ǶǴ½۷ǿߣһѹΪսһɾСһȥ˰
֮⣬˵ѾԹͨһ֣㶪ˣ

ǣ
һ£յ˵ͷ
½ڣ֮⣬˵Ѿﵽ˼ΪĵزǾΪǿȴҲ޷⡣
Ҳƽǧֻʦһ˳ɹ

ͬʱȡһ
γϡҶϡλϣһһˡ
ƽ۷壬ڴ½ϣҲŵǰʮ
ȱæ
ţ˿ȻλӦһֺұԣǰ˵áǴģ
ģ
ҶüëһðһԤС
òԣҪʲô۶ӣٰɣ
֮һλϣٱˡûȥˡ
ȥԻΪ½ʷЦ
ģʲôģ

ܼ򵥣ֻҪӮˣǴһ£֪ʵشͺãˡ
ǶǮͺá
ԷûǮ£Ҷ˿
˵ʵԷĴˡ
һ£˵شҲ޷
ͷҲãֻҪ£ؿƿ˵ȥͺã
һΪͷ
һΪ

ʼɣ
һһγʡ
ģȻѯص£ȻԷӦʣµľͺðˡ
ԡαԣ䣡
˵ɣҲ֪⼸˵ʵһף˳ܣô򵥡
ʼ
˵˵ͷ֮⣬Уһ־óȫɣ
ǣɫء
ʦܴֽ֣Ŀ£Էֻɾڣɲܵġ
ಣ
һ
ȻѹƵɾ಻Ľ⣬ͬһ¾У׹ԨҪѶ
ͫһ
Խ⣬ȸղλϣǿʵ̫ˡ
һ֣͸ԼŨŨѹ
ȱݣ
ûżУͨԺ
һµôˣĿľǿ˵ȱ㣬˿ʱպá
ˣ
һһ鼮Ժָһ㣬֪ʶԺ
ƽڶʮαǿߣ̲ˮ⣬࣬ϲȱʮֱǡ
αǿߣ
Ȼԭɾ֮ϣα񾳣
֮ǰͿλʵԶʤҶϡγϵˣףȻﵽα֮
ܴšα֣ɾС֣£
ʵǺǿ󣬿ɡѹƵɾҲͺԼ£ԶԶ硣
ڽ֮ǰͷĻʮȱݸԺսκѹ
һȱݴ˹ȥ
д֮е޵ơ
ǵ⣬֮ǰΪܹͣóĲ࣬ڣﵽɾ۷壬Ѿںһ𣬿ʩչߡ˷⾳ˣ
ţ
û뵽ǰλһͿе©һ£鲻Խĺһ
һ֣
Ҳ׼׵ٲ˵ıĸͬʱ˹
һʱ䣬âХڣ֮
ȱݣ
һϹͼݻζı鼮䡣
ܿĸ˶һ˽⡣
γǳ˺֮⣬ΪߵģѾﵽ벽αľ硣
ҶϺһлĳΪ£ɾ۷壬ʱͻư벽α
ʣһͬգˣΪԱ˶ֻͣɾڡ
Ϊͣǿ෴ʤγһܱȲϺȴҲ̫ԶˣѹͬΪĻв
˽ȱݺ©۹ͷӦʵ̫ˣ߻ûüƽһУһͻὫ
ս˼УɫԽԽء
֮ǰ;òӮڿˡ
Ǵǧƽ۷ξ֮һȣ˲֪ٱ
ֻܼǰһ壬ȱˡ
һһ֡
ʦ½ʵ飬˽սƽϻԽԷһ壬ȵսʤˣӷ㡣
鼮֣ȱԺ
ԭˡ
ֵ֪©ڣУԽԽ

һڲġ
Ҫʲô
ĺˣƻι˵ԷͿĶȫһüͷԻ󲻽⡣
γϣҪ۾
һûμսĳϣ̲סȡ
۾
˽Ҫۣ
ҲҪɱСӡ

һ㶣漴һͷð̡
ô˵ģ
ϽѾˣ㾹ȻҪ۾ս
ಣ
ŭ֮£˵Ľâʤһңȫ΢һͻᱻ̳ü֪ôġ
ɡ֪ΪΣԷһϵڲϣһ߶ܣÿһóһ㣬ֺ˳㣬û˿ۼɾմϰ֡
ԷǸԵ壬˵ŭ֮ڣȴûһ˿һˡ

ڲϣߣƮݡ
û߸ţȥЩУҲȥܶԷеյֻ֮ͼγɵȱݣһһ˹ȥ
⣡
ȱݣ˵ϣ̳ɢ
ˣ˵ʵ£ΪߣľͰԭ©
ƣ
һ̺֮У̳˽
ÿһ׼˺ϻ֮е©
ॣॣॣ
һصֱ֣һ飬ĵĽͬʱ˵ϣмǻӰֱǵʺֻҪһֱܱ룡
ɾּĽ϶޷̴ɡɾͲ˵ˣ
ҪԷԸ⣬ȫһɱ
ˡ
ܵǰâĺЦ
ƽϡǿˣȻԷһһ۾򡭡
λʵƺеĸӿ£


1988 һǽ
䣬˿۾ϵĺڲ
ս򵥣ʵʱնɱǧˣҪӣвͿʧܣӶһ
Һãɹˣ
֮⣬Ȼǿ󣡡
»صλãȻһЦϲƺղŵʧܸûꡢʧȸ
λˡ
ȭ
ˡҡͷʲôֱ˵ɣ
ѯһºɷ񹬣
һ˶Щš
ǰλƽϲվ۷֮һ֪Ϣ϶½Ƴ϶˲֪١
߲ܹɽ
񹬣
üëһ壬漴ҡҡͷû
һ㶡
½ţֱǣƽǹš¥ԼƮڣУܹʸʹáֵģֻƽĽ̨ţʹá
Խţġֻͨǧǰ׵ʱֻƾһˣһ֡
ˣܱͨ鲼£ʵ֮ΪУ֮󡭡ǧܹͨͨţ˵ȡˣû˽룬ȻҲû˸á֡˵񹬣ҪôڣҪôҲ½
￴
½Ϊ⵽ԡ֣ʹʮֽûõκʹõġ
Ĵڣܴδ
ɫһס
ѵٻ˵ĻǼٵģ
û񹬣
㡭ط
ǰλνġ񹬡ʮģ￴˹
ҡ
ʧ䣬ҡҡͷ
ǰλݣûϲԣˣûУ
ǡ񹬣ģ
أֵȥ˺δ
ϢǼٵģ˵񹬣ڣȥѯʶ𰣬֪
ͣһ£
𰣿һ㶡
ţǹĹ˽⼫࣬鹵ͨõͣͷ
롭鹵ͨ
һ½סһ𣺡زϲԡ᲻һλ飿
λصŮѣܹ֪ӵͼݣܽʦµĴںϡֶ֮ߣǰλ
Ȼˡ᲻飡
ŹƢҲ̫ãټǣİأԷδػ˵
ҡͷңȻ齫ҵ˵ľǣϸ̽һϢй¶ˣ鷳
ü
飬ν½Ҳ˽һЩ
˵½ΥĹ򣬱ˡ
󱲵ˣ޲Ŭȡָ֮ǰٹ⣬ط磡
ֻϧͨŶˣһΣңźѹһ
ػߣػС
Ŀ׵ƽĿʦһ֣Ͱ֣
磬ҪΪͨˣ˴̽İأԷͻΣգ
ѹ֮ˣҲ⵽ɵпǣǰ֣
Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪ҲǣȨսɣ֮⣬ɳɳսǵʸǣȻ鷢֮飬ò̸Ĳ̸ľͱȥ̽
￴ŽζˡݣܣûﵽӵԱʵǰ˵ȥ
⡭
û뵽Ȼȭͷһᣬ³һҿ϶ԣ
ⲻҪԣòҪй¶ʵ̫ߵ

Բ˵ʩչ֮⣬ҲǺױ˷ֵģ
ͬ鷳
İɣһ͵
ȿȣ
⻰ɫǺ죬֪λش
һڣŪɽŵֽס𡭡ţźͺģֵ˳ϵʹϵ˵棬ڵĦ
һ£ȱһӶ࡭
Ȼ˼˵͵
أ
ͨ׵֪֮⣬͵ƣʹⶫͨڹκԴκηã
֪˵ȥᱻιȥһȡһöơ
֮ǰ׵͵ö
׵ͣ
һǡʦڴ½
ɾֻ٣ɾα񾳵ǿߣҲӶ١
ʦ뿪ʦ½꣬ϲʮһʱ٣ҲǧˣѲɡţ
һ½δ뿪
ʦǰƺ
ЦЦȻڴ½Ҳֻ֪ƮǧûôֹˣҲ⼸ʮ꣬³Ҳ֪δţ
⡭
۾Ź⡣
ʦûϲԣǽõϢˡ
ֻҪţ棬Ӧǳ¡
ֽӹƣḧһ£еһůӿڡ

ȭͷһ
֮ǰɣ׵ǲǿʦƵһ˲䣬ˡ
ͬһˣ
ͬΪʦֹͬʦ½߳ĳĬ
ͨţ˺Ϊûбʾ˳Ц
ӹƣЦЦһģСͩѡȻʹõġ졯ȴҲﵽɾ۷壬͸㣬ϸĥ£һΪʵм

ͩѽƯǰŨҵѹȸС
һλɾǿߣǰ
л

֮ǰģΪҪɱ˭Ȳˣ൱һλɾǿ߱ٲõģ
ֻǡ
ﵽּ𣬿϶ԼԣڵʵҪѱûôס
ͼڣƵöԷԹӦòѡ
һսָ
ԷӦǼӳĳĽƣȻּıľսָҲ
ˣĸ壿λϸ𣿡
ѽ£˵ͷͻȻһ£ʵ
һλŵӣλϹͲСúý
ڡŵӾסɽ塭½Ƴϣ
ͣһ£
½ơü
֮ǰǸųϣƼӵйܵͻΪﵽɾѾƸΪųϡ
û쳤ϼæش
ųϴڸмͣΪ֪
ųϣͻƣô˵֮ǰŵӣǲŵĿǰꡣ
ŵӣ֮⣿
ļٵģ
ɶʱƽôˣ
ѹҪšģϡԭǲã
ţ
һΣһǽĵӡ
˵꣬һͣһ£һҧҪƺͩѽҲҪˣ㣿


1989 ͩѽĽ
Ҷ֪ʵݣûüҪԽȻͷЩ¡
ˣڳ˭û뵽λ֮ĳţںģţšƽĵӣǣ
ˡ
һӶǵļһ˿ʦĽⲻ˵Ǵŵȫһ٣
ܣͺγϵˣһɫǺ죬̫˳ЩҪɱ
ʲô¡
ȥ˵ģ
㡭ֻֻһ죿ң·ɽŵʱ򣬸˽⣿
γޡ
վɽţʮ꣬ݣëûһ˼ҵã·һ۾ˡ
ô˵ģ
ǰ˼ʱɣͷ
γ۾ڡ
ӣ֮⣬ǴʱԽãԽܳɹ򣡡γһ޿ģοһ䣬˹潣⣬͵ڳһε˿ǵãڿʼŵĺĳϣܳϵһȨ
ǧһλ潣ˣƽܷƽ󣬿ܻҪǰλ϶뿪
Ȳǵӣ¼ΪšĶʡϾһ˵ϵˣţûʸˣ
Ϊϡ
ƽƽԺλҲ򵥲١
ϣ
һ
ͳɳˣ
ݣʱܹͬ㡭Ϊﵽɾ󣬲˵
֮ⱻϢѾй¶һ¶һλĳϣ˻ɶǼٵġ
ȫǵ͵һЩΪá
ǡҿɲȥۿϵĲ⣿
ͣһ£ʵ
νϲֻҪ鿴ĶС¡
ȻͷһǴݵĳƣδע֣ӡ棬ĳϿȥĵطԹȥҲԽŵԴΪԼã̫࣡
л
ӹơ
ⶫͿȥѼɾĹؼɹͻƣ
ֻҪﵽɾ۷壬ƾԽսɾǿߣҲһս½Ҳϰȫˡ
ţÿϣԼıԺΪ˰ȫʱ׼סžͺá
ͣһ£Դεĵ
δˡʵЩ޷ڡ
ã
˿⡣
ڸ˳ϱԺ͵ڹݣע⣬ѡ
һн꣬ͣƬ̣Ѿǳϣġŵͨͱȥˡ
Ӧ
˿ʦ͵öƣԴȱ϶Ҳȥںġŵӡ
ǡ
ʵ꣬ԷҲȷԼݣٶ˵ת߳˳ϵ
Ҷϸ˳ͻء
һ뿪ʱ
˲֪ãγϿǰߣ֮⣬ֱӽ뽣⹬һЩҲ߱ʸΪ㡭
⹬ƽصĵطΪ󣬻ĥ½⣬ӶͻƵα񾳣Ϊ
λȻ֮⣬Ϊ϶飬Ϊٽ뽣⹬õѡΪᶼû᣿
⹬ƽı⣬˽Уհѧϰĥȷ˿ٽ
ЦһλѾ֮⣬⾳涼ߡ£УǵĥãὫ⹬ٵϾһڡšģǳϵǡЩɣ

γüëһ
Ҳԡ
һڵĺܣšĶˣһܵ⹬ȥѧϰǵδ棿
ǵıȽȫȻΪ󱲣˶ˡ
γϣϣڣҲûôȫͷѵģչһλˣһ졭֮⣬ƽ󣬲ָܻʱٹ⣬ܺͨһ֮ϣ
Ǽ
Ȼλļһ̫ףʵȴʵʵǿ
ǶԽ⣬Ǹ˲֪ٱ
ֻҪɳԼͬ磬ƽ¶ذ֣Ϊ֮ףԽͨδ֪
İ
γϵ˵˵ͷ
ΪţԴ

صԺ䣬ָ˰һᣬصԼķ䡣
ܲú˽ƣһʦλƳġ
ѪȥܿŪ;
ⲢͨҲ޷ͨһ
ֻҪͨͿ⹺Ϊı٣ҪǮ
˵Էһ֣͸һ͸֧Ľ𿨣ˢ
ǿʦ湻󷽵ģ
ƽڣ뿪˵
Ľջؽָ
ƽڣͨҲǡҪͨ޽ҵȤͱ뿪ضΧ
ƣ֪ڲãٴһƣǱͩѽġ
һ֣ܵĿռ̳Ѻۣƺܲסɢʱᱻ˺ѡ
ɾ۷弶ıľˡ
СӣܵߣҪҡڵʵԶȰѹˣ⣬ûòҪóȻ»Ʋסһ٣
Ťһ£ͩѽߵ
Ϊɾ۷ҪһɾСΪֱܴ衣
ңЦЦָڽһûӦǣ½еʦŷɰɣ
ͩѽζһ¡
ŷ磬Ǵ½ʦһɾĳ߱Ϊһ档
ˣһֱԴ԰
ŷʦ֮ȷǿֱϸĶ֮ļ𣬱ܹһģȴֻɾ۷塭֪ΪΣ

ǰĳõĲʣǴ½ϡкģʮ󣬶ַҲܸãлα񾳣ֻɾ۷壬ò˵ʮֿϧ
һα񾳵ı½ûмҪɹѣЩҹƻ󡭡
ͩѽҡһ£ƾ輸仰ҳʡʡɡ
ﵽּı
֮ǰˣҲǻ˲֪ѪųɹϿɣ
ƻˣֻǳһʵѣֲʣַα񾳵Ŀֻʮ֮һңҪӳ֡
һЦ˹ֻҪԸ⣬ٷ֮ٴﵽα񾳽磡
ŶΪţ˵
һģͩѽš
α񾳽ıô׽½Ҳôˣ
ﶼһɾСһܹɡ
ܼ򵥡
Ҳϻָһ㣬һ⣬ɢ
֮ǰ֮⣡
ܽ⣬ƺƵͬʩչ̺޾ͩѽһˡ֮⣿
Ӧף֮⣬ʩչֽα񾳽Ļж󣡡

ɾĳҪ߾磬õģ֮⣬֮ڶ롣
Ǽʴ󣬿ڵΪ̫ˣȻ㳼
ͣһ£ͩѽֱӾܾ

ʱһ«ͻأǰһΣͽȥ
ô໰ʲô˾ǡ
«


1990 ϲ
㡭
û뵽«ײУһſڽɾ۷弶ĳȥļæǰóһѸͷݺ˹ȥ³
ƷҪˣʧ֮ױȣ
һһ㶼ףָϣ
һƽקĶƵģǸҳ˰ɡ
«Ť
£ȻŲҲòһԵġĿҪը
ɶ
һ쵽֪ԣ
ȻƣȴҲʮ𾪡
֮ǰһֱ«ʮֲףϴˮˣû̫ôû뵽ɾıһܹˣ
㣬˵ǸɾҪǿı
˵˾һ£«һΣǲĽͩѽ˳
²УǰλԺĶ϶ҪһĶࡣ
ȡᣬ
˵˵ٻָͲһԱġ
˭
³ͩѽҪɵˡ
ɾ۷弶ĳȻһ«ˣ
Ͳ
Ųţٰˣһʺ
«ˬ
ҡ
Ƭ̣ͩѽͻȻҵһۿˣ֪䲻ֱҪˣղ֮뿼һ¶ѣ
Ŷͷ
û뵽ɾıҲôҪ
ܿ죬ϣоܵԼĿƣգ۾
«Ҳǹ԰׷һôģ
ȻƾͼݿȱݣͩѽҲ϶ûô˳
ɾĽ̫ˣӵ֮⣬Ҳ޷
ףͩѽжˡ
ѹֲԼΪ
ɾʵڶԷǰǿ̫ࡣ
˵ڵʵԷٷ֮һͷŲ
ˣ䲻ĻɾǿߣҲնɱ
˵ɾ£ҪɱܣɾǿߣҲ̫ġ
˱
գ
һָ
ĲһһЩҩԣǽ
Ŀ˿«
Ҫһôͷ
˺«䣬ջصٴ߳䡣
֪п飬ѹø󣬱뾡Ϊ
˿ͻ۷һʱҲһʱ䣬ȥ鿴ȡͻˣ
ֻҪﵽɾƾľ֮Լͩѽɾһս
߳Ժ䣬˷ʥޣԳڵɽ˹ȥ
ŵӲ鼮󲿷ֶɾµģĵӵģɾµģҪɾɾĹֻȥڵĲ⡣
ǰȡƣȻ˳С
ϲ⣬ûкĵӲôֻǸС¥ϡϡ裬ܳС
üͷ壬˹ȥ
ɾطȻ棬Ǻܶࡣ
ܿͼݡ
ֻٶ౾
ͣ
ϲ⣬ɾֻٶ౾Զһǧ
϶¥
ɾ١ֻʮ౾
⡭
ᡣ
ֻҪ׼һŹŬоɣҪ鼮ܼ
˵ʵٶ౾ɾƽִţطҵĵѾܶˡɶ˵ԶԶ
ȷ
һɾһγһؼһҡͷ
Ͳµһʵ̫ˣߴ
ֻߴԱ˵ѾϾؼȴ
ӻҪѰ㹻ؼ
üġ
ҪߴȱȫҪİٱɾĹַĻֵ֪٣ո׬ǵ㽣ң϶
ת˼Ȧ鼮ȫսԺֵȷ޷γֻε˳
һطɣһ˼
ɣƽֵطųϣ֮УܴﵽּҲ࡭˵½һǿ
ʦ½ȻԺʹʥ
ﵽּ𣬹ϡ٣ʮҵٶ౾˵ƽǿ
ɡղ룬û취
ӵߴȱݵĹɱˣ
ʦǸƣ㹺ĵҩ֪ܲ򣡡
һһ뷨ð˳
ʦƣݺ˵⹺ĵҩ͸֧ȻˣܲɾĹ
֮ǰ𣬵ⶫȫ򰡣
뵽⣬۾Ź⣬ܿЦҪ뿪ƽС
ƣƽڲʹãҪЧȥͨ
ȥʡ
صԺ䣬仹û뿪ǰ֪뽣ĳʲôͨ
ȥ
һ㶡
㡭
Ҳϡ
뽣ĳСںǡǧΪںкܴһͨ
̫Զ
˿
ǧľ룬ʥһʱܵǺܽˡ
ǲԶֻǡ뿪ȥҪѺܴ󹦷Ҫϵ飬ûм칦
͡
죿üôʱ䣬ȷͦ鷳ģӳȥô鷳ǳأǲǿ뿪
ҲУû飬Ҳǲ뿪ŵġͣǡ
үү֮һİҶϣڵĹأ֪ĺ
ʲô
ǣȥĻǳϻǵӣԺ뿪ܵΪѣ
񣿡
ŵӣǺĵӣûнʹãȥȡƣʱ뿪ţᱻƣ
͡
Ȼ
׬Ǯ֮ǰ˵Ǯ̫ûȥ
ʦ壬ȥĻҿȥȻһںǣ
ЦЦ
뿪ɽųȥˣϧүүһֱ뿪ŵ񣬾٣ȴҲû߶ԶΣܺʦһүү϶
ںǣƽ󸽽ĳУѾãҪȥˡ
ȡɣһȥ
ͷͬ⡣
ȡҲ㣬ĻպÿԽ⡣
߰ɣ
Ӧޱ˾ͱֱķ˹ȥ
ƽĵطѶȲͬõȼͽҵ
Уһᣬ˲ںǵ
ںǵһ˵Ƚѣ֧ıҲˡ
ںںУ񣬼ֵʮңɡ
ѡһᣬ΢΢һЦ
񣬶ҪѲʱ;ֻǼӦʮɣȥҲͨ


1991 
ʦ壬ûô򵥣
ü΢΢𣺡ںһʮ߸񣬴󲿷ֶڶʮңγŮҲżֵʮöһȻ󣬲Щ𣿡
ֲƽʲôˣѲʦû
޷֡
ȻѿͼڣѶ⡣
Ͳ
ʦҾͲˣҼ֮ģһϲͨԷ˳ţ䲻ڷϻ
ǰλ仹Сʦ壬һäĿĳݣԷȻ⣬϶ûʲô
ȷȻȡ価ܺȥȴСүүᳵ·
ܿͽõһɣƻԶϢӶ֧
ȻҲʱƣںǱȽϽҲǣ֮̽ģʱɲˣǵ׬Ǯ⳥öҡ
ƣϷʥޣ뿪ţںǵķɳ۶ȥ

ǰϵüġ
λδ治ʡĵģսҪȥšϵܵںˡ
Ͳʵʵú
֮⣬˵Խ⣬Ѿﵽ۷塭ӦΪֻҪʵɾԼδǶ֣ݺأܵ
һﵹã۸ţ۸ģ۸۸Ϻȫ۸ˡôںˣ
һ첻װƣ
˵㲻ոһثҲ飬ΪԺ׼ɣ
ҪҪץúγҲɫࡣ
ץ˵ͷͻȻһ£ʵٶΣʮܹ꣬ΪﵽɾڣӦòɣԼƻǾͲҪˣ̫ǿģ
֮⣬Ժĳɷ֣ҪһһӡʵʵǰС
ԷͣʹﵽɾڣӦҲ㱾֣ôڿôعأ
һһ£
һİҶϣ
ͷ
ѶȥܿյѶϢݣҶʹ۾¿ˡ
ôˣ
ӣΧ˹
ң½Ƴϵ˵ս뽣ʱֻǹʥسڣ
ҶϿЦ
ʥسڣ˼ǡһʱ䣬ӳڣɾڣһ󼶱𣿡ͫһ
ʥأ̫ܲߣҪһھɣǺġ
ֹ䴫ѶϢ˵ĺǡѾɾ۷ˣ
Ҷϵ
۷壿
ȫˡ
ʱǰǱȶʱ򣬲ųɶʱ򣬱۷ˣ
½ƳϹ
˼Ƭ̣Ը
ʱ䲻½Ƴǰ
ȥ飬ϸ˵һ顭һڣ
ǡ
½ƳϽ֪ģϸ˵һ顣
˵һʱңõ죬ӴʥֱӴﵽ˹ʥ𣿡
ٴһƤ
Ϊɾǿߣʶ㣬һʱ˽󼶱ģδ
ǣд½ƳϵͷʱҲȷʵǡʥسڣ
ãϢɣ飬˭Ҫߣ
˰֣½Ƴ뿪ʱ
Ϊһһ쵽֪װƣζ벻˼һʱ䣬ʹӹʥسڣﵽɾ۷壡
ֽٶȡʦϣúգ֮ȣ
ǡץ𣿡
ĬƬ̣һλ̲ס
ղźγϺץöԷúҪȥˣڡ˼ٶȣˣٶǰ˺ûɶ𡭡ץ˵£ҪҪ
ôٶȣ϶ԼϵͷȲץˣϣĸں棬Ҫ֣һ֤İȫ
ͣһ£ｻ
ǣϵ˵ͷתȥգ۹ʧʡ
ٴγĬ
˵ʵλδǴ𺳣ʵ̫ˡ
޵еĽ޵еٶȡ
׻жٲΪ֪
񡭡ԵҲǿʩչ⣬ҵĽ⣬ѹơ
£Ҷ̲ס
ѹƽ⣿˵
˿
ܿҶϽ֮ǰ飬ϸ˵һ顣
ٴ
󷨡ɶǿһôģ
ȥҹ
ٴͣƬ̣Ը
ܿ죬Ҳǰ
ʵңóӽǲǺѧģʵ
ǣƣҵѣʵҵʦ֪ס
Ȼ
ͷѹΪԣ㾡ʩչӽǿ
ֻʦѧ˼ʱĻ̫ãҪȵĻҿԣӦ
ֻѧ˼ʱ޷ǻġ΢΢һЦ

Ӻ󣬵뿪ϵ
ڣγϵˣԴȫһȻû˵ҪȴҲƤѪʡ
ֽͷϰ£ٴһİ
ѧ˼ʱǾͲǶ֣
֪˶ãɳһ㣬еᡣ
½ƳϵĻ֪λ죬ʶǰʲôᣬֻ˼ʱͬǶǶ֡
ڰ䣬ѧ˲ʱģܵС
ҪҪôţ
ôоЩĿޣ·أ
һ˲䣬ϵѹֵ޷
ҪǽΣ
Ͳסγϵ
֮ǰǶöԷ֮⣬ҲֻǵһĽǿԽ⣬ӦòԼֳ˲֪ģڿԼԶԶ磡
Ȼˡ
ϣúһи棡
ãϿΣ
ٴγͷ

֪Լαװʵ飬Ѿй¶ʱǰ޴ĳǼ
ǰںǲƽ󸽽ĳУʦڵĳҪ
ǧ޴ĳǳأ󷨣ĸ֣ʾеĿ¡
ںǳһλɾǿߣ˵үү˿
𾪣
Ȼûȴүү׼δԵرԾ
ɾǿߣ
զࡣ
ѹܳΪ½һĳУʵͿԿߡ
Ҫɾǿ˵ɣ϶Ҳв١
ǰ
ӦһˣǾƽӣҲҪС¡
ţ
ǿ߶࣬ӣ˭ұ֤ȫ
ǡʦ壬ھȥںȥɼ𣿡
ʦף䲻ٶԣĿ
żȥں̳ͨģһöͨ˵
ЦЦ


1992 ͽ
ͨ
û뵽ʦôżͣһ£Ӧһã
ɾͺá
˵ǳʶһ£ܲɣ̫Ҫ
ȡ׼ںõĵͼһȦȷλԦʥޣ˽ӽСʱһߴĵá
ͨʵ塣
ںǹõҲͨңǰǵĲֵͬߣźͽңһһĶһˣֱýҽй򡭡
ЦЦ
˿
ҪҪ취Ǯڿˡ
Һܶ࣬ѣӦʮּ򵥡
ǰ̨ҵԱ
ͨͬģ۸ͬʥصģʮͨңɾĶ٣ɾǧʮ
Ա͡
ƽļ۸޼
öɾͨҵ˹ȥ
ƽͨʱȡ
һᣬԱöǱоңû˴ţһʱһöͨң
Ҫһ䣬ͰС
ͨᳵ·˺ܿС
ͨĽṹһģһ˲֮Уٴǰ̨ҵԱ˳㽫ʦöƣȡ˳
ҿԹʲô
Աӹƣ𾪵Ŀ˹ǰ룬ƵĹʵ̫ˣûȨޣҪǳϣԹ񣡡
Ŷ˽һķ䣬һᣬһ߼Ҵǰ
£ںͨĳϣǰãöҿˣǵԴ裬ԹκνҪıҩҪȡκηã
ף߽ƹĵ˹
öƣˣʮ𾪡
ˣǰˣ˵ģȴ˿ҵ
ţģ˿΢΢һЦһöƷԪ
ͻƵɾ۷壬ƷԪЧѾˣҪƷԪС
ƽĻһöƷԪҪ򽣸ңȻսźͺ׬˲٣Ҳ˼ö
һ٣
üëһƷԪɾǿߣйЧںͨʱòô࣡
öٳ
ü
šʮöңͣһ£ŵǰżĻڣӦÿԴ롭
ȽʮöҰɣʣµľգһ
˵޹»ڼʵˣʵﵽɾ߸ߣʦ󣬽ʹõĶϼɡ
ǣ
ʱ䲻ٴλѾҩ׼ȫ
֪ǰʲôҪ
뿴ɾ֪öƣɷܹ򣿡
öƣֻܹĵҩ֮࣬鼮û취ġͣһ£߽ŵңĵҩֻۣϣһ֣ͻᱻᣬԺ޷ʹã
Ц
֮ǰͲ³ܲУ׶ȷϣɲЩʧ䡣
ܹ鼮ûҪʣֻ˳ͨͨϵĴ󣬽ҩȡ
ƷԪȻŨһó͸һ֮УͨƷҩ֮һȣ˲֪ٱ

Ӹһö
лʦ塭
Ůɫһ졣
ּҩֻүүΪ̫أδʹù
ԾԾԡ
ſ븹С

޴ͷſͫһͣˮʡ
ô£
Ӳԣü
ʦ壬öҩ̫Ũҡܲסɫףæ
ƷԪÿһöҪòɣƷ̺̫ǿˣܲˡ
ͺһĶӲܿһвͿܱ
ʱףΪүүʹּҩˣǲãǡɾڵʵˣҲ˷ѣŪãֻ
δ䣬һҺ
̫ͣŰĴѨ죬ͣʱըѡ
üëһ
Ҳϲ
ֻţԷôæеҩһöҲ㱨𡭡û뵽
ҪҩȥκͰҶϽ
һ似ҿ
ԷҪܲסæ
䲻֪ԷĿģ龰Σʵû취һҧһʩչ
æոγɵ鼮üë
ͶԷ˵һƷԪʵ̫ŨˣڵŮͺƬһ̫ǿ󣬲취ͨпܵըյ䡣
ΨһķЩŰγ뵤
;̵ĺˮһҪ²裬麣
ֻǡԹкܴơ
ͨһĽӣʮҲûʲôá
ҪǣѰһǿĹٽ޷Ƶ۹
ֻΪѧˣ
¶Σ̾Ϣһ
ڶԷһУй¶ȥҲ޹ؽҪʦҲУͲһˣǣԼܣһ˿Ϊӣܴڡ
Ȼһ⣬Լ϶ΪоĶԼٿء
ɾߴȱݣ˵Ӧñ֮ǰģҪǿ֪ٱ
ƽɾߴȱݣȻ˾ı׼
Ͼķκ˶޷ɡ
뵽Щ޳ɣ̧ͷǰʱܲסŮȥҿԽڵΪʦŹУ
ͽݼʦ
û˿ɣ̹ڵء
ʦˣԷû˼һֱٶʱڣĸǡ
˵ʵ˶
ţҵĹ
Ĺݣָһ㣬֮ǰѼ̴ԷԺͬһʱָ̣һڶԷѨϣ˳ž롣

Ű£̱ƽ˳û֮ǰҪը֮С
⹦
ʱҲ˶Էոմݶķ̲ͫס
׹ѧϰƽ󹦷ͬͬԴЩƣȴ˲֪ٱ
֮ǰķֻϪڣһͬն
֪󣬲ҳɣæ۾Ҫķת
Ϊ˲ӡ
ɾڣ
ɾڣ

ʱûκֱӴﵽɾ۷壡
Ϊﵽ־磬öƷԪҲ౻Ĵ
ҵʵ
ܵʱᱬըٴοǰ꣬ǿѹסеļҲ̲סֱӹڵأͽݼʦлʦľ֮
ˣ
߹£ͼһԺ̶һɫ鼮
֮ᣡ


1993 ں
ţҪҵķԸ˿Υ
ɫأҴĹ⴫ҶϣԸߣ񣿡
ܣæͷ
ʦɽ棻ʦ纣ȴ
ţ﹮Ϊɣҳȥһˡ
֪γ֮ᣬ϶ʵмй¶ܣһ뿪䡣
ҩˣҪѰɾĹȻûУᵽںУ鼮ۡ
ҪֻҪһۣսͼݣʣµߴȱݼɡ
֮ǰĵͼרſˣںоﲻ̫ԶҲûʥޣ˲ʱǰ
ϲԶһĴУӿˮûţӵ
һ¥һЩ̯ͨλҩġϡʯ֮࣬ӦоУһȦ̲סҡͷ
ٵʵ̫࣬㲻ͼݣ֮۾ܿ
Ҽɾµģô
֪ûг۹ؼĵط
ҵһλ̯һöСѣѯʡ
ؼһ㶼۾Ź⣬̯æش
һöң¶δܹ׬
ͨУҪرġĻ
ܱģ϶ʮֹء
أϡ񣬶˵òҪ
ȻߵĹȱݿ϶Ҳ٣׽๦һ̫ϡУ۸̫ȫûҪ
ͨǱߵġв٣ֻҪһöͨңͿ泩һ죬ĹؼʮͨҶǹȥЩ鿴ġ
̯ˡЩ֣Цдޡ
ǰλܹһöҵСѣ϶ƽӵܣпǺĵӣ
ǿߣ۹ȻߣڵĹ꣬ԼֿҩΪˣϵķôȥ
ȥ
ԣ
ã
ٺһЦ̯ٶ˵ִ·һһǰ
˹ȥȻ˲鼮й似Ҳ־̸£֮࡭Ȼ˵ġ֡з桢ͼޱȡ
ݸһöң̧˽ȥ
۾ɨܿ콫鼮ȫ¼Ժ
Ƭ̺һЦ
вٹʵ̫ͼˣɾߵģɾĹһûУ˵򹦷еȱˡ
ε߳䡣
ôϰɣЩ̫ˡ
ղŵ̯δ뿪߽ȥͳҲҡҡͷҪһ취
Ŷ
ں̳Уǰʱ䣬õһ˲ˣˣϳǺƷʸȥĲ⣬ѡһؼ
̯ѹ

һ
Է˵òƾںǵ񡭡
ֻ֪ᣬ͹ˡ
Ҫǰʺãһ£ʵвٹ֪ûɾǿģ
ҪǰʺãȻֻ͸ղһЦá
϶ܶడںٶʷˣĸ֣ǿģﵽ˰벽ɾɾĹ϶УӦв٣
̯æͷÿﶼٷҵƲ⣬Ƕĳ¼ġ
£Ĺǲ¼ģҲ⡣
ڶԷ˭Ҳû¸
ʵϣ¼еǱˣ˶ֻ֪ǲԸ¶ˡ
˵˿
ɾĹؼͺãҲҪӡ
ڵλãԷֱ˹ȥ
뺯ûУһסȥ·
ƽӣȡ˹еļ
һ֮ǰȡ
롭һƣ̹̬ȹ
ƽΪ֮һںϽΧܳΪеӵģһеţͬ޵У˿
һ䣬һλߣվһǰϸĹ۲졣
ϣλǽĵӣ˼ǰ
ȵһ¡
ͷҲתϼǰĶָĦǼ
һԼ˹ȥ
λϣʮģһΪۻ뾫Ȼһλɾǿߡ
ǰһһ߶ߵĵòɱʶʶϣ翵Ϣһۿȥһְ񡢾Ϣ֮С
ֲɫʦ½پ黭ʦɡ
ãã
оƬ̣̲סź벻ͣͷ
Զһλˣ⸱飬۾Ź⣬Ŀ˹ϡ֪ǲģ
ҵļ˶źɾþʯ̶ɣԴΪģó󷨵Ļ˾İٲħš
˵ͷЦ
лϡ
ģ˷֣ܵһһͨң١
ˣ
ϰ֡
ӦõģͷϼӦøļ۸񡭡
ˣæͷǰСľҪⶫװϴȥ
һĻ̲סҡҡͷδ˵
꣬תͷһλ꣬üë𣺡ƽĵӣ
ͷ֪УҪıʲô
÷ϻϿ꣬ȥ顣
Ȳæ
תڲԶһϣ϶豭һȻĿӣǺܸͲôˣϴʲôûͱ˻ȥҲԣ֪кα죿ɷչʾһ£
ü
ֲˣչ¶㿴
ؼǶԷ̬ȣԲԼ
˵ܲʵںǾܹ齣Ͻеÿ֪Ǳְҵˣ
ҡҡͷһ̧Զ࣬öң͸λţ뿪ɣҲҪҡ
ǣ
λ꼱æӴȡöң˹룡
ң
ü
˵һΪʲôҪű
ѵ򣬾Ͳ
ݽҵ꣬һתʰ˸ǰλѣȰ㣬ȱæⶫߣ
Ŷ
ͣü
ղŵĶԻҲˣλϣµ｣ӣɲҡ
ûʲô£ֻ˵һⶫͲʲôźɾǾʯ̣Ҫó󷨣ò˶þͻ߻ħ֪ôģ
ȻһЦ
Ҹոռ꣬Ƕźɾɣ˵ǣôҼĲԣ
һ
ϰˣûֹ󣬶ԷһʮСӣ鷳Щ
ֹǲԡ
Ƥһ̧𣺡ֱǹƨͨ˵˵λĻԱ֤ڱɣ


1994 Ѫʯ

ɫһ졣
ӽֵ꣬ıûһҲߡǧżѧʶֵ©ģȴҲִ⣬ԷȻ˵Ļڱֱǵ裡
ɣ˼öԷ߻ħֳŲҶ˵ΣҲװɡ
Ƥһ̧
ƽ鼮ϲ˺ܶ˽⣬ļʦְҵܲʦ½γϵһֻηĻᣬȴҲʮϿ
һŪʧ޷˵Ҫ⳥ʧŪҵصģҪµĴ
ǰΪ⣬ҪпΪᱻᣬԼơ
ſڴƻƣ
˵⻰ɫһ䣬һ˦䣬ŭ壺ĺǺأ֪ٻָҪʲôĳͷ첻ҸֵƽֵҲ˿壡
ʦкغɡҲС
ԷƽӣҲȻܵسͷ
¶ζЦ⣬̲סҡͷˣ
˵꣬ǰ
ʱҲЩˣҲǣҲǡ
ƽӣλϣҵҲﲻ
˵ʦ󣬿а취֤ûУԶ꣬ʮη彣ӵܣҧҧǰ
ʦΪӣͬܵ衣
ʦУϲԺʦ½һɭϣû˸ȥΥ
֤һЦ򵥣
˵꣬һܣҩõҩ֮ģ
ʦ½ҩĵطͨһЩרҩ֮ճ¯ҩ絤ʹù
ﾡܲҩȴĹżеõҩ߱ҩĶӦþ߱
У
Զ࿴ʦһۣû˵ʲôת˳ȥʱ䲻ȡһģһʥޡ
ֻʥһأûʲôʵ
Էǿ΢΢һЦ֪ɷе·ϣ
һ£
ҲȡһëʣܣһȦֵͼΡ
Ķһ㶣ЦǾáʻ󣿡
Էⶫʶһ־İ󷨣պܷӳЧ
ղţͺר˵ˡ
ֻǡ
þҪ죬ԼֲıŪëʣ㻭һ£ʲôЧ
ЦҲİɣ
ñʻСһЩȻʥޣһܲס
ܿ컭ãëջأһ㣬һС
ˣ
ëʻõͼΣҫҫ۵Ĺâ͵ںһһ˲䣬ͼΧڣһ˰ƺԸӿݡ
⡭
û뵽ͨëʣܻ󣬺üëһ¡
ⲻҪ˽⼫ҪΧĻǰĵм̵˽⣬һ㶼˵ںó󷨵˹δܹɡ
Էᣬ࡭ôģ
һ˲䣬ðԤС
󷨼Զࣺ鷳ͷʥ޷Žɣ
ԶҲ˵еӣ˹ëͼڣ˾ĵһ˲佫û
ܵЩӣ۾ƺҪ˯ˡ
㲻˵Ǽٵ𣿡
ӵģߡ
ļƶϳ󷨣ܹ˾İ񣬶棬Էȴ˵ٵģˡеӣ˰ݣ֤ԼǶԵġ
ż
һЦ˼̩ȻһϣԶ꣺ݺ裡
Զһ㶣ȭͷ
ȥɣ
Ϻߵ
Ȼһﲻˬȴƽӣûǰ̫
ʦԶ˳ȥܿһ߽䡣
Ʒ˴Űʱ˯ӣ۾ƺЩꡣ
ô£
һ㶡
ھİ£һֱܰ˿ȴֽЩԾ

ûشĻ̨ϵӣ͵վ۾з죬ͻȻ͵һԾŵ˹ȥ
꣡
һͷײڵϣ˼£
Ͼ˺
ͫͬʱһͬȲ꣡һеĲ豭ķ飬ˮָڵϡ
ϡô£
Ԥ֮ǰӦҲһֱײ⡣
Ҳɵˡ
ļһⶼûУΪλ
̣ȫǰλƽӣֻǻ󷨣ʲôû
󷨾ܹ죬ͼȴʶպܸõķӳûá
Ҳ˵
Էκ鶼û֣
ӵ϶͵йأ
ô£
ϻش𲻳æǰꡣ
֪ԭ򣿡
һЦ
ǣ
ͷ
ʵֲ̫ˣ
˴ǮĵĿľΪ˾İħӶ߾磬ȴһĻȥ
Ū׵Ļ񣬿϶ã
֪Ļܼ򵥡񣡡

á
䱻һ£ȴû˿ˣʱһ
ٹͷ

þȫˤڵϣŵ
ˤ
һ
Ȼþʯ̶ɣʮּ̣ɡӲˤĻĶҲѣ
˰뱲ӻĶֱˤˣ
㲻֪ΪʲôǾˤ˿ڲ裬һЦ᲻ûûȥպ˵ȥʹã

ƤһһĺҲ彩ӲҪȴ˵
տһͷײ˭Ҽã
ˤˣͲˣǲҪ⳥
ϵ
ҪǽˣǲҪ⣿
ܽͣҿԸ⳥ϵͷ
Է֤ԼĻ⳥Ҳûʲô
Ͼڼʦ˵ۣҪܳͷ
ͲˣҲԸ⳥
á
ԣ˵ϣһҧһ
꣡
ڵϣˤķѡ

ʯͷ鿪һŨɷ̴Ӷͬʱ˸顣
ϼæͷȥֻѵĵѺ۴Ѫͫһɫɷס
ǡѪʯ
Ѫʯɱ¾ս׳ѪȾ죬£ѪУ̺Ũɱ¾֮
ҪǣӵԹƣСģ˵úԶͻᱻеɷˣ߻ħ򣬲ɱ
ⶫ;ʯȻ෴
ղǰߣΪˤ˻ɺߣ׷ʲô
һ˲䣬ϳˡ


1995 Ľ
⣬Ҳɵˡ
ܲǼʦԼҵ֪Ĳܹ࣬˵Ծʯ˽ⲻ٣ȻҲֱܷ֮ӦѪʯ
ʯȴⶫؼϻ˵ȷģ
Ҫûλ꣬ûȥʱ䲻ᱻԹƣпܻǸһɱ
ô£ϣ㡭ûд󣿡
һŭӿͷתͷǰߣĿҪը
ƽʱݣ϶ͶԷ˵ɡ˿̲ˣ˭ܲˡ
ҡ
ϲ֪λش𣬶ôѪʯ;ʯûаëǮϵ
һ˲ʮ꣬Ƭ̣֪γƺ
ƽĵӣͷ
ʱǱ˵ˣȻ¶Էȥ
СֵܣǾʯô
û֮ǰĸ߰ƺҲˡСֵܡϹס
ûκδ󣬽ȴԷܹǰ֪϶ǿڡ
֮ǰҲƽײ˵ŵӣɶ֪ŪЦһֵߵıŪˣܷ
ˣŶԽνЩС
һҲźһҲǹײˣƭģû뵽Ȼļʦ
˲֪ٱ
û֮ǰֺö˵ּһʯģʯѪʯ෴ȴɢӰ˵ľǣ㣬Ҷ˵Ƕɣ
˵ͷ
ʯѪʯʯһ֣ͨʯܹṩⶫӰ˾Ķ
ϼĲȷΪźɾҲԵ̣ɫʣҲ桭ŵ
ǡˡ
˵Լû
ɽΪκƲ֮
˭֪λźɾʲôˣ
ûشʣ
֪һԶ̲סڣźɾǰǰҽʥ֣Ϊƣһˣ˶ĵһƽˣôŪѪʯĶݱˣ
źɾںǰǰֵһλǿߣҽʦӵкܴô⺦ˣ
ѪʯĻ񣬲Ҹһְĵã󵼣
ݱ˵ˣҡͷŪⶫǺˣղ˵һھˣ
ˣ
˸Իˡ
ⶫΪѪʯ̶ɣ滭ɫʣʯͷʵϣҸղŵһëʹճ󷨣ѹеɱ¾֮ˣṩͣɢϢ
˲⣬ͣЩɱ¾֮һֱԣϲŻΪģ
ϵͷ
ȷûпɱ¾֮
ɱ¾֮ɢɽ󷨣Щ˾ĵϢͷųͲˡںϣƻ˵ϻͼտʼʲôʱƣɱ¾֮͸ߵڡղȥʹԼʧȥʶɱŪûὫѡȫɱһᣡ
һ£ͷǺˮ
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ˣʦְҵӵмߵλ׬ǮҲ졣
λźɾƽ˽⣬Ūⶫû´ˣΣ˯Ĳˣ
Ļ֣̿ŵ˯ĲˣκֶζѵĻ̼õİ취񣬸տʼͷŰĵûκηȻ󡭡ɱ¾֮룬˳̼ǣѣ
κΪƲס춾ԣζѣҩŵԳɹ
ʱⶫӦÿá
ԣҲұĻƣߣз׻壬ܵΣգҲܶս
ˮܡ
տʼɢ񰲾Ϣʧȥʱٽд̼Чѣ
ˣ˵ԷŪΪ˾ˣǺˡ
⡭źɾƽоСŮһ⣬Բѣ˯ֶ꣬ζùûЧ֪ʲôѹҲû⴫ΪһšѲɣ
ԭء
Ϊʦ֪Ҫ࣬źɾƽרſ鼮֪СŮ¡
û뵽ǰλĻȻ
Ӧǵģûƶ֣֮Ҫ᲻ãⶫλԲѵˣЧѣ߻ħ
ͷ
ԭˡ
׹ٴοǰ¶ӵı飬һᣬ̲סͷˡһ⳥
Ͽ
æ
ϣŸм֣Ҳھң
Էؼʱ̣סܸղʮַŭϸȴھ
ȻԷҪֱʣΪߣ϶Ҳܵþ
֪ڿʸȥŸ񣿡
һЦ
ȻС
æͷ룡
ûĶԷһ۾ϳ֮ǿ֪ٱ
ܽһֱΪǼ¡
ţ
ڶԷȥ


1996 йأ
һһܱյķ䣬ܵ󷨣ɾĻλ
һ멣üںڵӭ
ϽܵλںеĺλƽĺĵӣһλҶļʦ
ʦһ£ϸǰ꿴
ļʦദ¼ʮˣƢ֪ĺ¡صĽܣ϶й֮
ֻǣҽһԽϣԽԵ󣬶ʮܼ͡ʲô
дʣȴû˿֮⣬æǰֵܣֱ죬Ӣ۳٣
ˣ
Ӧ
ǰλΪͣʣѹƵû˿й¶֮£ɿ֣Ȼﵽ˰벽ɾļ
Ϊںǣ¶ŵǰˡ
롭
䣬˽뷿䡣
ֵܣҪľƷ
֪⣬û̫Ŀǰһָ
м䣬ǸɺڲĶһ˶ߣǰһ¶״
ǸѪɫʯͷ⻬ģĥһ㣬ҫʯĹâѪֽȻͬ
һʯͷü
ƽ˸߼۵ǰλ϶𲻳Ϊʲô֮Ȼһʯͷ
ѹ֮ǰ˵ЩŹ֡
СʯͷѪ񣬵ѪûôѪѪûôߴ󡭡ҷ鼮֮ͬļʦҲϰ֮࣬˵ƣԣ󣡡
ϵ
ڣΪβ߼ųϣǿ϶ʶ㣬ҪŪӵ񡭡ܼ򵥣ϵʵǿǺĳϣɾǿߣ
һⱦֵߣ̰ģҲû취
ǿʳǿǵǡ
ֻǵӵĻһЩ
Ӧһ
˵Ĺ֮ۿһᣬҲûʶ
ƽšġϲȫ֪꣬ʶĻϲԸ֣ԶԶ֮۶ϲʯͷ»Щ졣
ⶫʲôԣǿɼ
δżǰ
ֻǼͨʯͷԷ϶ܻ˴ۣټʦ󡭡϶ǲⶫĲƽ֮Ҫȷƣߵļ۸
ʯͷںǿʦĻ棬ղɾıҲ޷ºۼ
ϵ
֪ͿһҪ֪ԣܸжϣϲδ
ղɾ˲ˣ
һ
ɾı½۷ˣȻ޷˺ۣѲʯͷǴﵽּƷ
ѹ֡ûôۣԷ֪ȷƷۡ
ְæۣΪ
ϱȭ
ã
ٶ˵ʯͷǰ
Ѫɫʯͷźأһ־ҵѹȸУȻûȴڵʵ¶޷
ɾ۷壬ɾ۷ĳǿʵòʯͷȻͬѰ
֣費Ҫʲôس֮Ĺߣ
ʲôãǰϴɻ
ʯ֮ı£Ҫسߡ֮ܶƷ׼ȷƷܶȡԼԣҲܸõȷƷ
ֿȭƾ۾ܿɶ
ȲҪ
ʯͷתһȦƣһ
ˣ
Ժ̳һ鼮
ָ鼮Ӵ۾ϣͫһ岻ֱԭء
ϣ˿ס
꣬ɶ׼ֻһ£ü
Ϊзʦ֪٣ᣬģһμ
֪ٱϵͷ
ղŵĵҲʯͷͼ󷨣Էһ۶ܿ˵ʵ
ʯͷӦҲܿЩߣ
ڽ̸ͼתͷȫⶫǴõ
һλɢ޳۸ҵġĻ֮
⸱ӣǿʲô
֮
ƽе鼮ֻнΧڵĴ½֣֮δ
֮һǹʵǺеһµ֮ǰΧסǵĺ󡭡֪Ͻ͡
ǹ𰣿ȭͷһ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ֪£ǹѡֻԷδػ˵
ǣ飬˭Ըԡ
ⶫֳ֮
᲻ʲô
֣ǲϳʯͷϵ
һʼʶǰԵòʲô¶⸱ģѲϳⶫΪ
ţѹסеļ˵ͷ

βϼҲæ˹
һöѪʯ۾ڵ
Ѫʯ
Ϻͺһۣȫһ㶡
־ãȻ⵽Ĩɱ
Ѫʯû鼮Ҳδмءֶ
ͷ
ղ֮ԼΪⶫйءǣܺйأ
֮˵鼮д֣ǡֻ֡Ѫʯʲôضûˣ
ͼݽɾ۷弶ıɱʶصĶ֣֮̽࣬һȫޡ
ǰʯͷչ¶һģһ
ͺϵĵ׹ͼ̽Σֵ鼮ǰûκ
ˡνѪʯпܣйأ
ȻƾЩȷɵʯͷʱϵĵ׹֮⣬ٷӦɵˡ
Ѫʯйأ
ҲͲס˹¶һ˿֮⡣
ֻͨſ߼ۣǣ顭
Щԥˣ
Ϊ½ˣɻľǣɢйصƷ
ʯͷҪйأȻŪãע⡭ʱ֪ôģ
֣ܽȻйأγɣʲôЧҲ̫
ҡͷ
ͼֻ˸֣δϸȱݣˣⶫܲƳɱжǿҲȫ֪
Կ϶ͼݶ̽鲻ѶϢȻйأ
⡭
ԥˡ
ǮģΪ˼𣬸ǻƸҪйأô죿
ǲ
˵Ѫʯʲôƾ֤
ͣһ£ҧֲҪᣬҲ㣬ǣǸ֣ǣҲòСġ
ƾ֤֪Է뷨У
ַ
æ
ܼ򵥡ȻѪʯ϶ѪҺйأҴ½͵ѪҺŹһ¡ܲη壬˵ҵжû˿󣡡
ͷ


1997 ɾ
Ȼ֪ǰⶫԣʥޡ֮˽⼫ࡣ
ʯͷȻСѪ֣ȻѪҺйأǿϣ¶Ҫ˱ᡣ
ַǴƽ󴫳ġ
еĽãޣҿ
Ϊпʦµġ񡱶֡
ھȥң
ѣͺ϶һۣǰߵ˵ͷҴ뿪
ȷǲѪʯ
ģξˣҲۡ
ϾǮԸҪһЩ
ʱ˼ƿ߽
⼸ɾ޵ѪҺ
ɾޣ࣬ҵһͷҴѣѪҺӡ
ѪҺ̺޴ΪҲкֻܴҪԸǮͨǺ׿Խⶫġ
ƿī޵ѪҺﵽɾ۷塭
ùһƿһѪҺǰʯͷ˹ȥ
ȻֻһѪҺȴ̺Ũƽһأյ£ѹĿ졣

ۼѪҺҪǰʯͷϣͻȻһΣɵһߣǼʲôηĶһһ֮࣬
Ƥһ
˵֮ǰɣ˿Ѿߡ˷֡
ļѪҺͷī޵ΪǿѪҺϣɪɪҽǰڣûʯͷǰ⸱ģ
˵ʯͷ֮бȻɢһ侴η
ˡ飬󲻳
ʣƿеѪҺȥȫһģһηĲҽǰ
ȻѪʯ
ɻ󣬿ǰ꣬˾η
ʲô߶ãһ۾ͿѪйأԷֱǿĿ¡
ⶫ֪ʲôʱõλãںδ
ٶ˵ʱҲƽϢеļ˹
ʱֻ˵ˣ֮Ĳδϸ͸¶ҡͷ
ǡöʯͷˣڻҵЩҪѯʣ
ԣ
ӦһȡѶƣԷѶһᣬδָϢֻεҡҡͷʯͷңʧˣӦáϵϣ
̾Ϣ
ΪܹҵԷѯһ£ҵⶫľλãùȥԿ죬ڿˡ
ѯ˼䣬δõõ鲻ԽЩʧ䡣
ǡ֪ʯͷԷõŶ೤ʱˣ
ʵ
ӽһˣʱ˵õһ¡Ҳ˵ʯͷڣѾʱˣ
£
һ£ȭͷٴһ
أʦ½һʱ䡣
뿪Լִĸ£Žϲԡ
ϲԺʦ½ʮһʱϵһ룬ٶ죬Ҳ൱ϲԵʮ졭ϲҲʮ죬պ£

ⶫпйء
Ȼ벻ǣҪȥν֮һ¡
Щ³һʵɾԽԽãҷһ£ֻһۼɣ᳭¼Ҳߣ
æĿģͻΪҪȥ֮ѰصټΪʮҪ
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Ҫ󣬺ͣһ£˵ͷⶫһЩг۳¼ıݡ뿴˶
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£УԺκα©
ˣԷһ˵̴Ӧ
οԷֻǿһ²ǳ¼Ҳֵ顣
лˣ
ͬ⣬˿漴ԶʯͷѪʯǣ飬ûǲҪ󷨷ǧҪϢй¶Ժȷ֪Ƶķʹ÷ͷϸ˵
ˡ
æͷ
ʵöԷ˵Ҳ;ˡ
ǣĶʮӣҲй¶ֺ
ȻΪﵽ˰벽ɾǿ߱ȡĲ֪٣ͬһ
ؼǡ㲻ܣŵǿߣ֪Ϣ϶Ҳ
ֻǸˣЩ϶ⲻס
鷳罫Ϣѹȥɶԡ
˽Ѫʯһ䡣
Ȼ˲֪鼮ȻȲϳϵȴҲࡣ
ֻʮ౾
ܿ¼Ժٴҡͷ
鼮ܶ࣬ﵽɾģֻʮ౾
ٶ౾ʣߴȱݣٶʮҲ̫
ȷ
һͺͼݻζʮ౾֮ǰѼٶ౾ںһ
̫ϣĽ鼮𣬿һۣ۾鲻Խˡ
֮ǰʣµߴȱݣȻȫϣɾȻȱ©
⡭
Щš
ţʮ౾ܲһͲˣȫϣôģ
æԺУո¼ʮ౾˯һ飬̻Ȼ
ѼЩܲȽǿ󣬵ٶϡ٣ֵķ֣õƫߵĲ·ӡ
ˣ߼ۣúܶ׷
ٶ౾ƫͳʮ౾ƫ桭߻Ҳͳγɡ
֪֣Ҫĸ鼮ҿȡ
Ц
Ѿˣл
ȭ
ˣ
һ
˲Ÿսǰ꣬Ҳֻɨһǰ鼮
ͺ񣬴ԷȥĳЩĳ߿ӻûǱ߾վ߱ˣѾˡ
̫˰ɣ
ȷˣŶģ
ҪҪô죿
ֻЩϵѣûͨѰ鼮òһ£ܲڻͨЩ飬ֺҶʣ俴ˣ˼粻
Ц
⡭ҲԣЩͽͳвٲͬ
ɣͷ
ѧԽԽã̰ãٿˣ޷αյ߻ħ
֣ζʶѪʯһֻֻһ⣬Ҫƴǡ
뿪䣬һͨңϰ١
һóô࣬Ϊ£ҲѪ
ˣҲΪ񡭡
˰֣δա
Ӱƣپͺá
ͨңϡ
ȻҪǲͶԷǣ̫
ˣԺлټ
ƵԷʢдת뿪С
ιĿľѰҹɾɣûȥҵ䣬ͬʱΪˣ
ֻҪﵽɾ۷壬ͩѽɾ۷ǿ߶һսȥ֮Ѱ䣬ҲͲõˡ
뿪ŷ֣Ѿȫˣǳ׹ܰȻס
Žֵͨȥûͫ׶Ȼһ
ʲôˣ
æתͷ漴ǰԭƽĽֵһŤеĽ˲ʧһһƬҰţӰͻأǰ


1998 ͻ
ռ
ɫһȫëȻը
ǰˣɾͨɾδܹϳʦ½ƿ˿ռ֪һĻĳ
ÿռȫգ
Ҳ˵ѾץһĿռ֮ڣֵöٴҲ˲
ʦ½ֻҪǹʥǿߣⶼԵռϲԣɾǿߣδܹɣ
ھȻץ˹ѵ
æӰȥһλȫɫĳۣòɢϢһֵߵĸо
λ۷壬һλɾ
䡣
ֻɾ۷壬޵Уܹɾǿ߿⣬ɡλ۷壬һλɾȫ޷ֵ
ʲôˣ
ΪҪסԼ
Ҫɱң
ľת֮⾡ޱϲüʵ
Էɱʢͨ˶ڲסο֮ۡ
ˣס˵Ļ
Ҳͣɾǿ߿Զһλɾ۷壬
ǣ
һλɾǿߣӰһΣǰָſѹȶ
䣡
񱩵쫷һϯûǰ;ؿڷƣЩ
ǿ
ͫһȫëը
Ȼûɾǿսͨϵ͸߼ǿߣͬԹǵΪи
ɣƾԿɾ۷壬⡭ȴЩǰˣͨǿߣ
ʵ±һɾֻǿ
ˣ
龰Σʱ䲻ݶ룬͵һȥͬʱָǰһ㡣

γɵĽʵʣգ۹ƿ˶Էɾ˵üĴ˹
Էɱһɾǿˣһ֣Ҳû飬óǿ
ƥ̺Խ⣬ֳֵͻأ⣬ǰ˻ᱻնɱֻҪɱȫԳöԷûΧǰ취ռû֮زز
е㱾£ӣι̫Ȥ
ڽϴԷüĵʱ򣬶ĺһЦָǰһ󣬼̶ĽǱץסߴβߣѲ
ͷƤըһ
ĽȻû̺֮⣬ҲǿղͻȻʹƽĺĵӣͬᱻһɱ
Էסץ桭
жǿ
ȥ
𾪣ĺһЦסĽı˷ֱ˹

æˣٴһš
꣡
ѪۣѪʳ
ԼĽԷȻԷץˣ
Ӧ찡
ûɱƺҲ֣¶֮ɫ
ȱݣ
ǿѹסе𾪣һ
Էʵʵ̫ˣѰȱݣãƽǰΣ֡
ˣ
ͼݻζһ£δ鼮
ʲô

ͼ޷鼮˵ԷҪôԽҪôķ
ѵ۵ռ䣿
ʦ½ʱʦҲ۵ռڣпܣԷõֶͬΣ
ɱΣͼݾûκôҪ̽Էȱݣͳ˰裡
ѲɣԷ֪Լͼݣ
Ӧǡ±֪ƽˣɱ
ܿ׹
ͼݣأû֪Ϊ£ԷôӦƽǿ߷֣Ӷ֡
˵óý㿴ҵĽΣ
˼зɿתͼǰĺˣָ
أ
ָʵĳ磬崦Ѩ
żڵһ㣬Ӱһ໮ȥ
Ӱȡ
죬죬ζ׼һôѲ
ǿĿ
޽ҡ
Ϊﵽ־磬Ȼ֪ԷУǽ棬ǽԷý⣬Լԡôӣܶܿ
Ҳᣬʹ֮Է׾پͿɣ֮ǿȻЩˣҪ
ƽϲԣóýڣµһ
ܺͺĵһսƽˣǰλ˭
ִӺζΪҪɱԼ
ˣ
ʲôĵױ
֮ǰר˵鲻й¶ȻᶢϣŪûᱻɱ
ʱãЩΣòģ
ڿпܣ
򣬶Է֪Լݣôô죬ֱȷϣû˿ɻ

ûشĻٴָһм˹
⼸ǰӣʱһֹۼҪƿķ̴塣
ƣ
ؿ͵عѨŽӭ
ըԶ
ٵˡ
˼ؿڻʹ
Ϊ˵סԷĽѹǿӿһ£ˡ
ԷӣûɱУ֪ٵȥɣһȡһöƷԪʺ

һڣ¯С
ţ
ϱɱߣȻҩһ£͸еǰڵǻ˶㣬Ȼը
䣡
춯ɾ۷Ϊգ۹ͻơ
ʵʹﵽɾ۷壬Ҫйɾǿˣ˿龰Σٹ˲Ϊ˵
ͻƣ˼
һ㶣δ𾪣üëٴι
ɱһɾСһĻ´ʲô񶼽ûС
¡
εĹǿӷȻûñָһһɲǣƿնֱĿڡ

վԭһ³һɾȻɾǿ˲֪ٱ
ɾѩѻһͬɽȥҲָӡ
ɾͬѩڻɺܶɲʯͷԴԴϣһֹ
ңӣꡢõ˴ӦѸݣ˼άҲ
âǰʱţһΣָܿ͵ǰһ̡

âֱ֣۴ϸǰĺӿ
ͬǽâȸղۻ˲֪ٱ
ߣ
һһ¡
֪ʲôȸղŵĽǿ۹ͱ˺ѣûǰ߽⡣
ΪͻƵɾҲɾڣͶԷ۷ȣɲһء
ýˡ
һĽѣϸЦȫѹ뽫ǰ׽ãͻȻеȫëһ˲ըһΣ֮⣬ӿԺȫëը
æǰȥ漴ָⱻĽâ£֪ʱһȻؿڣ


1999 «̽
ɫһ䣬˼æˡ
û뵽ԷղŵĽֻУɱ˽֮ڣ
Ҳ
ɾ
Էɱ֮ȻѾﵽɾ
ֱÿһԼԣŰǣһɣ
ôܣ
ʱЩʱֱ͵ˡ
ߣ
üëһ֮⣬еĳ̱ģӰƮƶ䣬ȥ磬κټ
꣡
Ѫ䣬һҺ
̧ͷȥͼԷһֱֻۣնѪҺ
նԷֱۣδеˣɫĸӳ
ͩѽǴ߶֮⣬еƾΪһɱζûϵնһֻ첲
ĿʫͬƺԶԶ磡
㡭㾹Ȼ˵ң
ŵڵϵֱۣƺҲǲţɫһһֻϣͻأһ
ղһֱûñǾãԷֵףٲýɡ

֣ڿһռ䶼Ǳ˺һ㣬ʵ죬ɫĽӳʮɣ¡
ɾ
ٴκˡ
ԷеĽȻͩѽһҲﵽɾ
ɾޱȣǺ«ѱԷɾ۷壬ȻҲܳɹ
ֱ£
ٴȡöƷԪ
ͻƵɳڣɶԷʵţʤһѣοʣˡ
һ߶ܽâһʣ¼˿ȥǳû͵ϮȴȫվڲԶûκα飬ͺ񣬶ϵ첲ͬ飬һ㣬˿ں
á
˿â

˫棬ܵĿըȫתֱϵƺܹ˺򣬿ÿһУԷסǰһ޾һ㣬ᱻ
ɫԽԽء
ӿʼޱʵǾ˷ʥ٣˿ʦĹһΪԽɱУ׾١
ɺǰλͬͬıȻԼƾСδ̫ǿˣ
ܻԷС𣬿ɡͬΪɣ˿·硭ƽλĵһĺξ
ܲҲһ
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Ŷηĳڣطܳǿߡ
ȥ˵ɱǣܡҪ
ܵģ̷ƷԪٶҲԶԶɫԽԽء
Էǿ󳬳󣬼ȥĴ߶
뾡ҵ۵ռ©취߲С
Էû֣һλɾǿߣһɾʹߣ·һ
Ҫߣ뿪
ֻҪɹƾαװ棬ȺԷҵܣ
ԷȻⶫԼץ˵ø֪Ͱȫˡ
ֻǡͼﲻáôȱݣ
ۣ֮
֣ͫѰҡ
ܿҡҡͷ
ⶫܽͼݶѹƣ֮۾ܲҪ©
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ϸ䣬֮ǰĿռ䷨ٴǰȥ
һգ۹֮£Ŀռ䣬ٴαӡ
طƺЩ
ܿ췢һطͬһ̣ĺˣֶ⴦ĵط˹ȥ

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ղŴеĵطһŤһӰͻأ֡
ϣ
һ㶡
Ǳˣƽ󣬺ԹŰĺܲҵĳϡ
Էһֱ棬ץ۵ռ䣬ҪϧԷĿռ伴ɾǿߣѰ˿ռ©˳롣
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á
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ٷϻ㡭üëһ
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ڲͣǰͻȻһһɣеĳǲһ㣬ʧ

˸򣬺˲ˤ˵ɴ۾æпȥǼ
ѪղŻôգ۹Ͳˣ
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˭ܸҷʲô
أ
ʲôŹֵ
ɶ
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ҡҵҲˡ
ţһ͵𣬼æȥ漴ɾеĽҲʧȥټ


2000 ҲҴģ
ûιȥ
֪«ףû뵽ôף
̵еĽѳϵĽ̵ʲô
ƽĳϣóľǽûˣô
أ
뷨ûǱߵλٴκͳ϶սһ
û˳ĳϣսȻܵӰ죬ɵΧ£·硣
ɱȥæ
֪ʱ䵢󲻵ãûú«³ͩѽһǰĺ˴˹
û˽սйٴα̳ӡ
һ߽һĿλɾǿߣԷûйæ˼˿ϵӴ
꣡
йһ̴Էüģһ
أ
ըϾ˺
λɾǿûǲԼһ㡣
ˣһĮֻںܲɣͬ벻ν
֣ϵĴڶ
Ӧһųǰһλɾļһ˹ȥ
ΪͻƵɣͩѽսһɾǿ߶˿գ۹սһѷָߵ͡
ͩѽˣ
ѹᣬƽĺˣɻĿ
͵ģԷɶûܵںǣͨڡôһóˣ˽һͩѽϿ˶Է
ɾĳôģ
ԼǱʱΪλôۣ
Ѫ˺üԴǲ
뵽ãһ뵽ôྫѪòıͻȻʧͳ鴤ʹٴοǰɾˣŭȼա
϶ȺһĹ
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ҽһ
أ
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ɾ۷壬ȫʩչռ䶼ƺڻζƺʱܲס
ۣ
˼Ѫ˶Ҫˡ
ôвõġ
ҾãҲֻģԼĶŪûˣ
Ұѽ
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Էû취Ҳŭˣ˵ûþûãӦ㻹ҵĽ
һ˻ȥ֮ƴͻȻջһʹæתͷ漴ںһͬս֪ʱԼһͱ˽ȥ

Ѫ˿Ҫץˡ
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á
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дô׵
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ΣԷŭգͣһٳɹɱ
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λɾ۷ǿ߻ɱλɾǿߣȻûκֹ˼¶Ц⣺ôʱڣָƣλʿɱȷŹ˵ı죬ѹҪ׽
˹
׽
ü
ΪԷĿǽԼնɱû뵽ǻ׽
ѹ֣ЩˣΪβһ־ͽȡԭ°Լɱˣòñ޷ʤŲѶ˸ǿֶΣ
ˣҲûԱ֮ȻЩ˼ɡ
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֣ȹһء
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أ
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ðɣҲ֪϶˵
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˵ԼǶ֡
ʲôЦ
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ţܴ˵Ļôˡûһûüͱû취
ţǴģ
Ȼ
ʲôģ
ɾǿ˫ֱ
ʵﵽּ𣬸¶Էʲôơ
ܼ򵥡վԭأҪߣܵסҵĽҾ͹ԹԸߡסֻܱնɱ

סĽ
ɾ˿ѵбɾߵı
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ﵽα񾳵ıҪɱԼҲûôף
Ǳһ顭ܵסҵ飬㴦ãסҲ²飡
üë
飿
ɾˣЦڿЦ顭ɱң


2001 նɱɾ
ҲҴģ
Ҿˣڰץ߾УҲˣɾǿߣһɾڵСһ£νҲǣ
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ɱãǰлɱ
ɾЦ
ûлᣬ˵ģͷղЩɾĳҲûͬ⣬ʧˣ
⻰ɾˣ۾
ʵԶԷʵҪϻֱӿĨɱץס֮û֣ΪղǼʧ̫Ź֣
ʵûô£
ˣһֱɣǲиǿΧСķ±ɱû֡
ҿԺģֻҪԼʵиֳ֣ǾͱҲ
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ԷʵţʲôƣҪɱҲΨһɵľλ߳ġ֡
ֻҪһﲻ֣ûκ⡣
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ϾռڣףΪﵽα񣬷򡭡˭һһ
ƽĺԹẦ¡
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е鱾ûκʵȴָһŨصѹȣҪζ
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ͫһ׹
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¶ԷˣŹ˵ôϻڿ֮ᣬô
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ʬ屻սָ
ʣɾǿ߸ǰ½ʬߡ
ּǿߣǱúõĻֶνٴӡ
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վڲԶһ͡
ųϣȻš
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֪Ĳ࣬ǰһ䣬еʿһģҪսѪϴԣУֻûĸ飬ͬڲ޹ؽҪ
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ͺսƨӲλˣһεʱ򣬾Ϳ϶ûսˣԷȴԽսԽ£оʹһ
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Ϊ֮⣬ҳɳȥȨǰҪɱң
⡣
˵ʱӦø߸ϣ˼̻𡭡֪Լ˹δ̫˰ɣ
⡭ҾͲ֪ˣӦһϵȻҲôţҸʱ̱ϵ
֪֮ģһͳϵЩˣΪ֪֪ںǣ׷ɱ

Ҳʣʵ벻ͨ
ƽļλϣͼֵ̽Ρ
ԼںǣҲʱ⣬ûκǰľٴ롭Էô֪ˣ׼ȷɱ
ȥ˵ɣ
һ£Ҳǲ⣬ֻҡҡͷ
ˣ仹ͨҪ鷳һԼ
ԷشˣٶʣٴöԪ
Ӧһӿٶȡ
ʮӺ»صϵ
˵Ѿ׷ɱϣ
ܿ죬ǰϵĻ㱨ɫһ䡣
ǣϵͷԷһλɾǿߺλɾ۷ǿߣһ֣
ɾɾ۷壿
ƤһһٴοǰĶˣǲţԷôǿݡˣôӻģ
˵û̫æϣΣͻƵɾڣ͸ͩѽնɱλɾ۷ʿȻȻ󡭡
Ͻͣ˵һ룬Զ꣬ͻȻһ۾Ҫڵϡ
㡢㡭ɶʱɾ۷ˣ


2002 ƽ
˵ʵ
뱣λȫģλɾ۷ˣԷɱһλԼսһλʣһҲǱӲġ
ɾǿߣǸǰһһ
ϸ˵ġû̫æ
֣˲ֳޡ
ȻװҲûϣԷˡ
ղһֱ𾪣Էٶȣʵ̫ˣôһգ۵Ĺִӳڱ۷ˣ
·ϣоԼʵ̫ͣͳ˵Ԫͻˣ
ʵΪչ¶Էų͡
ղžʹﵽɾ۷壬λʿһ𣬶δԼĶ֣ҲͲô鷳ˡ
ԣΪұ·ϣ̷ͣԪټϸղսĥ£ʱ䲻ʹӳڴﵽ۷塣
֮ǰûչֳ˿ϵѾȫûҪû뵽öԷôȡ
˵㡭Ԫͻˣ
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֮ǰöԷúЩˣ֪Էһ칦򣬽˽ӽ󼶱𾪵ĿҪȥ⻹ꡭųȥ೤ʱ䣿ʱʱ
Ҳͻƣﵽ۷ˣ
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ƽ󣬲׷µӣѧϰɵĹ
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ȫͺá
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üëһ
˵ѧɣԷһʹֲԤС
һбȽϼ򵥡֮⣬ʩչӦòѣӦþûôˡ
Σæ
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Ȼ󣬵У
У
У

գ۹򣬾˵ʮС

Ҫˡ
ԷɵһУ˵м򵥣ʣµһʲô
ѵ֮ǰ
ܣ
طû

𾪵˵ͼǰ꣬ʣµҲʩչ꣬ɻĿܼ򵥰ʮꣿ
ҡ
޲еطȥ
Լʮ̸꣬ԵãǰʮԷֻ˲ʮ
˱ˣˣ
֪Ǻãǰ꣬ɻ
ʮ꣬ѵû֣Ще˳Ǵģ
ģ
ڵ


2003 
ʮнѶεʱתķҲ಻ϣûгֲ֮࣬ؼ֮󣬶ԽΪʵʵͻͽ˳򡭡ô
һк͵УһµĻ۵ٶȸ죬ڰк͵ʮһнһ£ýۻ룡к͵нþרע
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Щɶʮ΢ʱƣ϶ԽԽγʱ䣬ǰλһ֮⣬ûпܣ
𾪹ٴοԶ꣬иֳŨŨĲ˼顣
15꣬ѧĽУԷһգ۹ɡؼģܿеĴ©
⡭˰ɣ
֮ǰţԷ֮⣬йأڿûаëǮϵǶԷʣ̫ǿˣ
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2004 ȥǹ
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2005 Ϊ
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пһһץһݵƣڿС
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2006 ˭
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ͯӰݵڵء
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۾һͯٴΰݵ׷ǣȫ
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˵ţʯ̨߹ԲţͯӸǰ߰ɣȥƽ뿴εǲ
˵꽿һΣͯʧԭء


2007 ɽ
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ҫİߴӰٴγ֡
ˣ
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£ߴӰòû˿顣
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أ
δ䣬˵ɶˤڵϣѪɫס
ңߴӰ۾
²ҡͷ
ҾͺãҪġһһƤߴӰһ֣Ӱٴ鵭һ£ʧԭء
վ˲ͷϵ亹æ˳䡣

ںǣαװһģ߽С
뿪ƽ󣬽֮ķʮӣ͵ˣϢ֪
λү֪ҪЩʲô
ǰ̨ķԱһЦ⡣
һͷʥޣ
Ŀ
αװģǸʮˣ룬޳һĮ֮С
ɽ̫ԶȥĻʮӣںصĵһֱӷɹȥִŽ⣬϶ע⡣
ԣõİ취һͷʥޡ
ںôÿ춼в֪ͷʥ޷ߣͨһԷ֪ԼҲ϶鲻
룡Աæͷ
в۸ֱҲṩʥ޺ͳۡ
ں棬һʥ޵ĵط
û룬Ϳһ֡ޡ
֪λүҪȥʲôطһСӭ
ɽͷ
ʮöͨң
С˵ͷ
ãָһʮöͨңڶԷġ
ںǺ󣬾ͽĶһˡ
۾һС߽ʥڵλãܿǣһͷ
߰ɣ
ޱԦʥޱֱɽķӶȥ
ҿһȦһжʥޣͷ˿
ŵĵӣ
ûΣգ۾ٴǰСϣԷǰͬи£͸ղſһǸޡ֡
ֱ־ܿƷʥޣеĵӡ
ţͨ۵ӣʹˣûʲôǰ;ɵ׬áС˵ͷ
ʵͷʥѱģ
ÿŶ۵ӣţʹˣֻı·
ŵĵӣóľѱ޺ͼԦزеߣ׬ȡ꣬ȷõĳ·
Ͼ⣬һ¶δ׬ȡʮöͨҡ
һˣһأһʱܵõǼߵıˡ
ȻǣʵѱôʥޡںдŹֻǸԦߡС˿ЦŽ͡
񹫽˾ڹ˾ֻмʻʸ
ѯ˼䣬Էֻͨ۵ӣѱ˽Ĳܹ࣬ԦʥޣѾѧĲˡ
ҡҡͷٶ˵
ƽ󣬻ţǾްţŵӾ͹򣬸˵ˡ
ˣȷѧʲô
λүɽ޲٣Ҫȥʲôط̫ˣҿɲҴȥ
ϤС̲ס
ɽϤ
Ŀ
ȥΡС˿Цʥޡݺᣬ˵޵԰ϣȥѱһͷģ棬ûȥ
ΪԦߣȻϣԼһͷʥޣͺ˾ҪһԼĳһ
ֻϧʵ̫Сѱ޵ֶΣûôѧᡭҪɹʵ̫ˣ
ȻϤ˵˵õĻҿ԰ѱһͷ
ЦЦ
æѱһͷ
СɻĿλүǡŵĺĵӣ
ʲôˣѯʡҡͷ˵϶ƭ㣡
áԷ֮䣬Сͣһµɽ֮ԳΪɽû˸ȥңҪΪĴɾأ
Ĵɾ
ͷޣﵽɾ۷弶ǿһͷӵѪ֣С˵
ͷ
ʦ½ѱ֮࣬ӵѪҲǿһԱˡ
ս϶Զͨޡ
أ
ڶǿģ˵һͷǾͷޣӵлѪ͵ģֱβݻͰ׶
Сͣһ£ͷޣ𿴰׶ĩڵһģţѱƣ޹
׶ͷ


2008 
ƽ鼮Уйڰ׶ļء
һֳܴﵽɾǿޣʵǿǻ۸ߣܹþʧɾǿ߶⣬ܶҪѱϧݹϲʷû˳ɹ
ѱţڶԷǰֻʧܶա
ˣ׶ҲΪ޷ѱޡ
ɽϣȻһͷһѹܷչɽ඼޿κΡ
λүҪѱ޵ĻƿĴ޵ĵ򣬻ܳɹ򣬻Σա
꣬С˺ĵ
ͳܵĵ򣬷ֱɽʲôطʵ
ɽٹʮ־޴Ƿֱռеĸɽ塭СȡһͼĴޣλãϸһ¡
ס
һᣬɽµ⣬漴һƵɽǰ
үֻܰ͵¾Σˡ
ɽ˲ԶǰƺֻѪ۾Сͣ
ֻǼԦߣΪߣʵҲǿµʥޣҲóս룬пܻᱻʥ޹֪ôġ
ǾͣɣҴӦѱһͷʥޣʳԡЦЦ
ѱ
Сһ£ΪԷֻ˵˵ѵģ
ֻǡѱòûôװɣ
ҲشһЦһץһʯͷ̷ֱǰĴ֣ȥ
𣡺𣡺
ʯͷţһ˲䣬˷ղصѪɫ۾һ˳
ȻռʥޣеóУеóһ¶Ѫȵζ
ү
СŵɫףķʥޣҲóסԴȥ
ôʥޣգ۹ͻᱻ˺ѣ߿϶ǲˡ
֪Էô³çҲⵥ
ñɣҪ޳ǰ˵𣺡ôʥޣ㿴һͷ˵
ϣ
С˴
ɶãͷܱͷ
Ҳã٣ûԼ
ɣԸͷӥԵһͷʥޣڿ϶ˣУҲֵˡ
ҧҧСһָһͷ
ӥ
ͷǺãˡ

ӰʧԭأСɻ漴Ϳ޴Ļӥ֪ʱѾһͷԼԶһľ֡
ˣΪɡ
ӥĺ档
ౣ
һĻӥͷ­˲ݵ

۾ԲСˡ
ȻŵӣҲѱޣӥ⸱ģԳ׳Ҳ˵ΪԼ޳裡
ô
һ١ѱɹ
ʥޡôѱ
ˣӦˣǣ
֣Ҫǰλүʲôħٴ漴һߣֱȺ
꣡꣡
Ҫ˺ѵʥޣգ۹򣬹ԹԵļèһ㣬ڵϣͷ͹ģ
ˣ߰ɣ
һͷ߱ϼգ۹ʧǰ˴

ԶȥıӰץͷСöûع
Ⱥʥ޶ĸԸѱ⻹
ŵҲûֱɣ
˵ţ೤һѵĿˣ˭ֻҪѱĴеκһͷлΪһѲɣλųϣģ
һǰո֪Ϣ
ƽѡһǽԽ
ܹˣͨˣ޻˵
ţԵĲʵѱ޵Լ޳ǿ󡭡ɽеĴޣǿѱҲѡ˭ܳɹѱ޻޳ʵȻӱΪŵһ
ԣΪһû˸˵ʲô
϶ǡ
뵽⣬С˶ʱȻ
ѹôǿѱŵĳϣԳΪ档

߷Х߱ٶȼ죬գ۹ͷһɽ壬ڵɽɱȥ
ȻҪѱޣȻѱǿģ
οӵҲһƺãѱҪ޸Ӽ򵥡
߱ɽеʥޣһ·ۣû̫ʥżв۵ģһȥڵ޷˿ûٶȡ
ʱ䲻ɽ
߱˿̣¶˾֮⣬鲻ǰ
֪Ƕ޵η壬ޱ㲻ȥˣϢɣ
˵һݣһֱɽӶȥ
ţԡ
һᣬͣüë΢΢
ǰģܵĴ֣֮ǰûκ𣬵֮۵£Ϊĺۼٵط󷨺塣
ﲼЩץޣ㽫ѱ
ѲɣԼǰ棬˴ȵǣ
ȥ
ҳ󷨵ȱڣĴɽһƽ
ʱ䲻Ȼλߣվһ޴ʯ棬һλ죬󷨡
ˣֻҪ϶ᱻסѱͻ򵥲٣ȻΣգЩ󷨣Ҳбá
ͣߣ˿΢΢һЦ
γˡȺһλ˱ȭ
ÿлλϣҸӿ㣬ܳΪţҲܸһǲǰ㣬ҲΪԺˣ
ߣγЦ
ǣ˼æ˵ͷھ
˵һȡһƿοƿ
һŨζݿ
ǡѪ
ڲԶüëһ
ԷƿеĶûϢ֪ĺ
ʣ֮Ѫζ
ҡǰƺӾŨ
ԬϣǡѪ
𾪣γȻҲû뵽ǰλܹóⶫһ
½ûһͷѪҺ˵žѱţҲû˼ġ
ѪѪҺеᴿҽһͰѪᴿʮΡܻѪȴҲԶˡ
΢΢һЦԬ¶
ᴿѪ˵򵥣ѡ
ѪΪµһѪҺͨմһΣᱻ˺Ѷ˵ᴿˡ
ܹ㣬Ҳǻ˲֪ٹѪ
ˡ
ͷγϵͷⶫλȻֻ֣Ҫ塭ѱָտɴ
֮ûܹѱΪ̫ץסֻҪץסʣµľͼˡ
ƾŵֶΣѱһͷޣӦûѡ

ڶԻһ漴˾Ϳһͷ޴Ϸ۾ƿϣ͸¶ȣ
ɽϵͷǿȻܵᴿѪˣ
ˡ
۾Ź⣬ԬȫⶸȻ


2009 Ԭм
Ԭϵ˲δأڿеҲƺ֪Ǵڣ俴˹࣬ΪѪܽ
֪϶Ϳǣȴһֱ֣϶Ҳ뿴ǵóʲô
ǰһԬϵ˺Ƴա
ɾ۷壿
üëһ
ǰλԬϿҲʮҵģû뵽Ȼɾ۷ǿߣϵϢϣֻǿ
ѹֲԶߣ֧ȻͬѰ
Ϊﵽ־磬һжǼٵģҪҳӵбҸǿսߵ
ԷðôˣѱΪȻ֪֮û֣뿴ǴĶֵֵó֡
ûЩʥޡޣܽϳȥ
Ļսһ
Ѫͬսδη
ս
ԬЦЦսҿ϶㣬ҲᴿʳѪᴿڵѪ
ᴿѪ
һ£еͫ
֮ǿҪΪѪ
ԷܹᴿлᣬͻΪ
κһ˵Ǿ޴ջ
ʲô취֤ߵ
ܼ򵥣ЩᴿѪ֤һˣЩ֮ǰǺһѪǣܹɹ˵ɱĻᣬֻһܲܰյסͿѡˣ
һЦԬ¶Ũҵš
ᴿѪҺɱֻҪ壬ûܹܾ
ţԷܹסջ
Ը˵ġ
еһģҪѱңҲҪ㹻ʵʲôʩչɣûеĻɽϣȥˡ
¡
צ͵˺
һ˲䣬ܵĿռ䶼类̣񱩵ܣ쫷硣
ǿ
ͫһԬ漴һЦҼȻҹѱ㣬Ȼ֪С
͵һ̤һһԲģɢҫ۵Ĺâ
飿
γһ㶣೤ϣҲһ¶ŨŨ𾪡
飬Ǳеı»õãмǿɱ
˵꣬ͨôһͷα
ȼɭϣ֮ģֻӵѪ㲻塣
α
ܴﵽα𣬲αˣ
ֱ飬αܵ޿ɵֵ
ֻǡǧⶫʮϡ٣Щˣһ޷ʷҲûõġˣⶫֻڴ˵֮У˶û뵽ǰλԬϣȻҵˣ
Ϊѱͷ滨˲֪پȥ׼
ĿǰλãѾλԴˡ

һ֣ежʱã֮ɫ˳
ٺ٣
ƺͲ³ԬһЦУһһ˹ȥϣħ

ͣ趯飬һ̶ͣЪ·ǰմϣʼʮףͣڿŤ˺ѵĿХ졣
ǡϷ
γ΢΢һЦ۾Ź⣺彾ǿÿһͷԼϣ£±˻ܣҲܳԬԷȻԵϷĿľΪ˴еļ֣ɨأͬʱ޷
˵ͷ
ѱӵкܶ෽ϷĶԷϣõġ
ͺͰӥһԷûκȻΪ
彾ҪĸɾҲɵĳҷ

·̸еϷŪ£ԽԽԽԽߣҲԽԽԶˡ
һһγһڵ㣬üë̲סü
ЩԾ
ʼվЩԣҪϸ˵ȴ˵
˵ˣͷ̫ϵˣ
֮ǰС˸˵Ų֪жٸ֣ѱԷûɹȻˣԷӦ֪λԬϣ϶кֶܶΡ
ΪΣôϵ
һ¾ͱ
Ѳɣⶫ˾޴ħ
ѪսЩ³ç
ѱ̺Ѫʥޡ޲٣֪Щһĵļ֣λԬᴿľѪȴ
ң϶Ҳֱӳ֣ôϻöԷ롭
ԣ۴ĵ㿴Щ˼顣
ղ֮רſˣеĵȷٰ
֣δżȥǼȥ
ֳֻϷˣԬϣҲ֪Ĵ£ԼĶԽԽԶЩˡ

ʱͻȻһٵһڵǰ
ûأѪ磬ؿһ޴ѪڣѪ
Ȼˡ
γϲˣߡ
أ
ڵϣŽ
ϣ㲻Ǻһȥѱͷôأ
æǰγзöҩѹסƣʵ
ѡ˿ˣ᳤ϳ֣Щϼһֻǰİˡ
λϣǰѱͷ޵ģôͻȻˣ
мˡͷ޺ԼβݻһǽϵɱλҲˣֻӵ
ָһЩϼæ
ϣʲôʱ£
ͫһγϼæʵ
͸ղţӵĿ죬λƴסǣȻ϶ѾɱˡǽߣȻˡ
ղţ԰Ԭϸսߣôܺ;ͷΧɱ㣿
γϲš
˰ˣһֱԬϵıɶʱܹȥնɱˣ
ҾͲ֪ˡ
ҡҡͷϸߴ뿪ͫһ彩ֱ˳Ŀ⣬˿ȥ漴һͷһͷһ޺һͷݻ̤նѾϷ

ȫ䣬γϼæԶԬϵķȥͼ飬ɻ裬ǰһͷͣ衣
Ԭϴһôðһ
Ѳɡɽ
ܰ
һɽݶȻҲ
ѵǡ
ͫһγʲô彩ֱղűԬߵǡ׶
׶սǿóþͻ
Ѳɡղͷûģ
ȻĴޣˣǶıģΪһֱû֣
㻹㱿뵽Ѿˡ
еһצһץԭأʢѪƿצβ͵һɨ
žણ
⵽ػγϵɶˤڵء


2010 ҺһҴӦ
󣬸Ҷ
λϣȻŭ׷׳֡
ͷһУ̱£һλϸոշͱؿڣˤڵأؿڳһ޴Ŀ
βݻͬצɣȺƬ̹ϣӾͱһӣѪʡ
ǾͬΪɾ۷壬ΪʥޣƾãսҲǿ󣬼λŵĳϣսͲ̫ǿȫǶ̶֣̼ȫڵء
󷨣
֪ȥ϶ֲסγҧһŭȣֱղŲúõ˹ȥһ̤
ˣһת
ѱޣȻҪѱԷҪſܻ⵽ɣԷնɱ
ԣ󷨣ȿסԷҲһ𣬵ֵס޵ĽӶȫˡ
λ˵ĳϣˢˢ˽
ڲ󣬻ǻãã
ߣ͵һ
ʲôһ㣬ɳɳһ̣γϵ˲󷨣һζɢ֮ǰúõ죬ζţڵϡ
һȺϣ
·ĵ棬ⶫӲˣ
챻٣ҲûЧγϵˣٴγͷǰ
һѱޣû뵽Ȼˡ
ޣʥ޳׷ܣ֮ǰõ󷨣ȫһγɫף¶һ˿
Ϊѱ޶ž㲻ɹҲ˳ζûϵ˶ԷļƲߡ
׶ûߣϾͷޡβݻһ͵Ϯ
ɹ˳Լѹ
׼õһѱ޴ϷȻӲɱ
ֶѱ˼ңû뵽Էƾͼơ
׶ң̰֮ǰЩţڿȻ
ĸпδֱӽߣǲ·޴ɱԸͷޣֱԸҡ˭ʤ˭δ֪
ԸǱ飬Ըͷ޵Ǽɱ·ĻһҲױѱҲпѵһ١
ȴãֳ֣׶Ҳķɢһڶͼˡ
̫̰ˡ
γϿЦ
ĴޣһͷѱϡԬϣȴڽϾ˭ѱһͷǽı֡
ذܣ뷨һ֣ȻעʧܵĽ֡
˵֮ʵǿԬϣ˿̻ñ飬ϷŪ׶֪ԼѾΣգ˭ϷŪ˭ö˵Ȼס
ƴɣǾܺǿҪ˵ɱǣҲ
֪ߺѣֻӲƴγ³һ¶Ȼ
ǣ
λϣͬʱͷһÿжһƴСĴӡ
ָһ

һͷͷ޳ڸԵǰ
ǡ޳
ڲԶüë
ʱС˵ĵӻ߳ϣ޳ʦ½۵ռһԽ޳ʢУЯսʱٻɡ
ڿеЩǣ
ôޣУ˿ˣȻ
𣡺𣡺
λϽԵ޳ųս̴ɲ޵Ķ֣ԷҪɱǣҲûôˡ
סǡ
ų޳裬γϵͬʱȡ
ͷ޳辡ܴ󲿷ֶɾڣսȴСˢˢɵУͷޣʱڣҲ޷ͻƷ
ͬΪޣǾȻԸĸӹǵֱǳ衭
סǣδߣһſڽƿڵľѪ̷ȥ漴һǿ󵽼ѹܡ
ѹ֣೤ϸոշųޣһͣ£ȻʱڣûһͷҶ֣˲ʧȥս
Ѫ
ɫء
壬֮ͬѪ֮䣬ŲԽĺ蹵ޡʥޣҲмв
壬ߣһĪҲܾЩ룬̷ƿеľѪƱαֺ೤ϵ޳裬˿̣ڶԷǰ᲻ս
˵һЩ޳裬Ҳͳ˰裡
¡
ͷޡβݻͬʱ
γϵˣһѪڵϣȫˡ
ץضǼһｻᴿѪķ
˱ܣߡ
ղλԬϣӵᴿѪİ취Щ˾ʱæնɱ
ضԷܲ˼ͬŵ
Ȼ
һжЦҡͷ
ѹЩޣûѱɹʵ̫թˣ
˿
ô೤ϣͬʱƣһҪɹܣ
ҿҲǶ֣ˡѱһͷްɣ
⡣
һҪѱͷߣѱͨҲν
·
ɾ۷ս֮⣬ʤӦⲻ󣬵ȫʩչпܻᱻǿ߷֡
пй¶ݣˡ
һ仰˵޽γϵץߣͻȻһżˣֻҪץסǸͷޣ̷ѪҾƿ«¶ģ
ƿ«
ͷ漴ڵĺ«żƺûô
ǣҺ«ֻķӡҵı壬ݺĳޣһָ֮ģͲη塭
«ͣҡΡ
ȷ۾һȡ
«һȻףʵȴȷܿ¡
̵ɾ𳤽ͿԿ
˵һƿ«ӡչ¶壬ĺǿ˵ܿǿߣҲҪԶɾ
Ȼ֮ǰҲλɾǿߣ˼ɵվԭأӲˡ
ȷ«Ӧһ
Ǻá
Էȷϣ˿һҧٲأһΣ˳ţ
;ͷγϵˣˢˢ˹ȥȫһ㶡
Ȼǣǣû뵽طһˡ
ɾ۷塭ҲȻˣһץˡ
һ£޴۾ߡ
Ϊû֣϶ʵǿӵĳֶΣû뵽ֻǸͨɾСӡ
ּһצӾüΪǡ

Ըͷ̷˹ȫܵĻ档
δż֣ǿϿ΢΢һЦҺһҴӦ𣿡

֪⣬ס
ûɣ
Ҫץ㣬㺰
衢ˡ
ɻȻ
ʱըһ㣬޴籩ֱӿ˹ȥ
УһȫѪǱ˲Ҳֲס
žણ
鴤һ㣬ڵϡ


2011 ǿĺ«
ϴ󡭡
û뵽֮УʵǿһԺȵĴӿ׹䣬û˿ͷ޺βݻȫһ


ٴο˾֡
Ϊ½⼶ޣ֪ĺܶ࣬һʩչԣԷ˵񲻱ݣǿߣ
൱񡭡⻹ô
ǲ˼飬ͼԶ꣬ǰдŹƻ󣺡ԣԹ
ɷȽҲÿ
Ť
㬵ջͩѽ
ǲ
оڻһѹƣҧʵ
ǣʩչңҲᴿڵѪлͻƸ߾磡ξ񣬿㣡
˵ѻҲûκ壬һ֣
ҳ
û̫ͣãͷ
еģԷܹ㲻ȻҲرĹϵԷѪѹƣӰͽ
οԷĽղѾڣ治Ӧʱᱬ
ǰλֻ۷壬ɴӶԷδܿס
ͺã
˿̡ܿ
ţԷѾЧܲû뵽ͬ
ӣֻҪûﵽα֣ͬһǳĴӿе䡣
⡭ˣ
˭
ŵġ

˵γϵˣһ
Ϊαɣû뵽ͻȻɱɣһھ
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2012 γϵ

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γϵҲ˺һ


2013 «
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ֻչ¶һ¾ͺãᵢ̫áңžڱ棬˳·γϵ
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͸͵죬ԼԼһ⣬Ŀǰͷֻʣöҡ
Ǵ㣬׻ͻƺõģԷãҲûʲô
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üģΡ


2014 Դ
«ʵӹɣڲΣƿӡ˵
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ӦúƽͬӵԼľͨͨӦô
˵ڵʵѾﵽɾҪҩģҲҪʹͨĿǰûС
ֻ뿪ţҸһĳ˵ˡ
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üġ

ѯʺ«γϵѾŵĳϵ

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һʱԼϲԵţôϷ


2015 
֮ǰƽģ᳤ϣһ·ýսȥŵõأˡҲֻνż̳ˡ
ţ˲һʱԼ˭û
ȷûڿЦ
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һϣҪƭԼοԼҲûʲôƭģƬ̣δżӦм£Ҫȥ֮˶ãҡŹһϲ
ǵʦʦѧԺԺżҼ֮࣬ɡδܹ飬һֱ

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ŵŵӣۺһǧҡ
ζһŵ˵㿿󣬵ȴҪ⡭
ŵӵݣ
Ϊ˴ҲΪŲǡΪڣûѱһͷӦʵʥޣ
ŵĹ涨ͲʮΪﵽʥأͿԳΪŵӣҪڣͬѱһͷʥޣܱס
һʱ䳬ԶŵݣҪ뿪ţٲ
ʱ䣬ԣʵ϶ѱ˵ʮֽš
ϾѱҪѰҡץ顭ÿһûôס
ΪŵӺͿʼѰңֱȥҵʺԼʥޡһͷ۷徳ʯޣ
ͷʥޣܺĹϣӳǿսֻǡԷԸ°ϳ˶ֶΣԷ޶ԡ
ʳ׼˲֪٣Էǿһۣһ㡣
һڣѱַ˲¶ʮ֣ûɹ
ޡ
ٲɹֻ뿪ţ뿪š
ƴˣ
̾ϢһĿ¶ᶨһҧ߽䡣
ڵһһͷʯƤʥޣվԭأһͬһͷ


2016 뿪
ˣϣܳҡ
ЦһһȡһƿѪҺܹľͻ
ʯޣΪͬʯͷھҲʮּӲͻƼ鷳
ΨһķǹѪҺڵ
˵ҩģʥޣĪ
ֻʵ̫ˣ
Ϊһƿķʱ䣬˳ʮÿһζһҪãѾɻ
ѪҺȷҾͣ˾ҳ˰ɣԸҲ᳼࡭
ʯߡ
㲻ɱ㣿
Է˵棬ȷ᳼εĿ
λΰʯףʥޣҲᱰϥҪɱɱɣ
˵꣬ʯͷ­ٴαʯͷģκ飬Ųʡ
㡭
ֳֳ޲ýһﵱˣɶԷû˿仯Ȼûһ¡
ðɣˣӽ쿪ʼһ뿪ţҲˡ
Էûг˼εҡҡͷ˵ʧ䣬߳䣬
ӽ֮λڳ֣
ˣ˭ûϵˡ
һǷϣе𣺡Ҷ֮ǰλѧϰѱ֮˸ĽڸŵӣǰӦȡ
Ľѱ֮
ͣŲŵӣҲ˵ڻʸѧϰȥ
Ȼκָҵųϣʼѧϰ
ѱַܼ򵥣ĸ־ͿԸ򹷣
˵ˣǵֶֺζеʱ򣬿Գţ
ȻʵĸҪı
Źûá
ܿ쿴괫ڵݣһΡ
Źѱ޵ķҲУҲԹɷǵûгɹһﱩ꣬һͷײ
Ҳ˵ûɶã
·Ҫöҩ
һɥϵһƿ
ҩ
οƿһᣬãˡ
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ҵ裬ֻҪ㲻ɱңһҪ
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Էֱ
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ˣװСףߡҰɡ

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ѱһ궼ûɹķʮӾˡ
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ﲻǇNɪ
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Է˵ĲͷޱӦû˸ҶΡ
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ҲУһһλӣһͷޣһȥͲҪƴˣܲԼԦްɣ
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ѱϢѾݿˣ˿ٳ뿪֪ͬԣֻڵͨޡ
ðɣ
Է˵ĳϿңٲƴǡ
ܿ콫齻ֱ꣬ͣȥ
Դϸҵһͷͨɾڵӥ޳裬ԦĵӣҲﵽɾ۷壬һޣ뿪ź󣬿ǰС
졣
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Ըһ۾âһ
«ҪöƷԪͿԴˣ


2017 
ܹŵľϸ˵¥ǣϲԵһ¥½Ľ׳۸ֱɱ
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޺ܿ콵
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תٻָƣ̧ͷ
Ӱǰģ֮ǰĺˣͬΪɾ۷壬ƺǿ󣬸һʱ˺ѿռ֮С
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αװôãԱ֤˿ûй¶Էȴһں֣ټʵٲ²˭ͱˣ
ֻǡԷβԼҵģ


2018 α񾳷
ϴαʼһкСģƽһ·ɳ˲صαװıòϢѪ
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˵ʵΪﵽ۷壬ͨɾǿߣڲǶ֣ɾ۷ǿߣһһʤİնûСοһ
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ȫ䡣


2019 «Ʒӡ
ûּķһ־ÿռѺۣĸоͺһԲģĶȻɾ۷壡
Բ״ͷųâķ̸еȫӲ޷ת
Ҷýۣ԰ˡ
ΪĿĮ
ͶԷµһȷǼα񾳷ۣ
סڽսꡢ޷ѡ

ǽͣ
֪ΪΣЩǱڵ̰еĺ˻죬ȴʼйȥ
û޷սֻбץ߱ɱ
ȥ
ۣԿն䣬ûǰȫѹȵĿҪ飬ѪѨӿѺۡ
ˣ
һѣγһԲεĹȦ

ѹʧɫҰףæһƿϴˮŸоָһЩȫС
Ϊܺɾ۷ǿսαӦòԶӴףأͬն
ѹϲԣڡ񡱣η²ǿ˸ܷ
αǿþѪƵĻǺöֶܼã
ϳֵĹȦΪٴЦͣвͣ䡣
¡
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еؿڷƣΧĹȦӲʱը
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Ըͩѽһ֮ٴת˹ȥ
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Ϊٹ˲ߣֵ⡣
֮⾡˫ʵһЩԷǿɾ۷սռơ
ಣ
߽սٴײ˹
ΪɫһڣֱײϺü߹ǡ

ĿҪըˡ
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ʵߵģɻʤһΣԼΪ͵ˣô
ͬھ
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ǵһɾ۷ǿߴԱû뵽ôǿ
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ѹԽԽǿڸоҪܲסʱͻȻȫһɣˮʧ
ԷԱѹȸУȻȫʧӰ١


2020 СƼ
ѵԱ
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Ҳæȥ˺档
«֪˵ʵ֪浽׷ӡ˸ɶ

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צһСƼˤڵء
ȷ޵֣


2021 ͨǰ
ȡ˰죬ˡС֣ҡ
ףλˣȡжˡ
ҿǽȡȻǼԣǺСһĵ޷ܣ
ȻԺ޶档
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ԴδйôȵĿʵ
޻˾ÿֻܶһˣȫҲкܴ֮ǰǼһԱ˶ˣȫ԰ڳһţܣҲȽϰȫ

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һл׵ͷ


2022 ¥Ĺ
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2023 Ҫ׬Ǯ
ƽ󣬵šģ׬˲ٽңߵʱ򣬾ûʲôã󲿷ֶԪ͸Ͱˡ
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ȻǮܹ¥ķޣʣµļ򵥣Ҳߣˣ취׬㡣
뵽⣬̲ס˹Ҫʲô۸񣿡
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Զͨ¥ڣˣ¥ĵӣҲμӹ
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£Ż棬ȼһ㣬䳤ͫһҪˣ漴еǱһס޷ѡ
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λ˭
Ϊҡȥܹʤ


2025 ѡ
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Ϊչֵʵ̫ǿͨߣеη壬ٲǰ˿̿ˡ
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2026 ԸΪϣ
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ɫףһλ߿ߵķԱ
ǴӦҪͨҵλͨϣղѶϢͨۿԷһһƣӮʮһ˶ûܣ
֪ܲļˣ¥ĴϺݶԷʩչ似ͬսܲ³һЩġ
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2027 ᲻
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ԷܰԼﵽɾһȫӭж⡣
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ͻɾֻӰٷ֮ʮļʣԺܶ˵ȻЧˡ
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üڡ֣ݴϢɾ۷壬ѱͷޡλ͸ˣοרŹ۲ˣ˵Ϣûκơ
⣬Ϊɡ
ԣȫͬ
ݿ֮һ֣ݡĲݣú󣬲ԸķɫòϢ֮ǰȫͬⶫһΣֻ޷õˣ
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ǣֻ˵òϢȫͬһˣüͷ𣺡ֻǾЩ֣
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ƽ󣬲Ÿҵһλ֮žðһţѱǿĳʦ޸ǧһɲѱ޷Ȼ¥ͻأðһλɾ޵У˭Ƕ֡
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һ
Է˵ûע⣬һ˵ˡ
ּţðһͺˣ˿̶̶ʮĹһ
ȷЩ
Ҳˣ
䳤ϣô˵۾ˡ
ΪЩϺͿˣһλռһļһôãڿɺǰһǡ
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Ǿÿɡ
ҡҡͷҸղϸѯһͨĳϣλ޷ޣȥ֮ܣŴһ·ͨҪ׬ȡ󣬿̫ߣΪûǮȥйսģԣսΪע⣬Ҳ¥û뷨ҡҹ۲죬֮Եʱ򣬶Է֪ɱˣǣ
⡭Ϻͺ䳤ͬʱס
֪Լ˭ԡһһ


2028 ˦ͷ
ϸһ£սʱ򣬶Էòơûܹ˭
ǰ֪ȻЩɵһӶ
ǹӴҲ˵ı۲
Ҳпαװķ̫ߣҶȥҡҡͷüͷԣҲŴϵŵͻɾķӦûҪ󣬶Ҫ飡
϶˳
ԭ˼ƽϡ
ֱӴϵĶŵæͻɾ˵ӣ˿̣һЩҪӦҲӦ
ɶԷȴǲ֪һ㣬Ҫȥ顭
鼮󣬿Ҫջ۵ĻۣһһϦܿʲôʲôġ
ԡԷʲô㲻ϣ
ôˣ
пһ䣬ʵ
ڿ飬û
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ǡļ¼Ӱ¼ƵģȥϱɫǺ졣
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ֻλļһվڲڣͣ˦ͷ
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䳤ϲԡ
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֪˶ãлָѵ˦ͷͷѣѧ似죿
ղҲ͵͵һ˦ͷֻͷۻԷôģ
Ӧĳֿѧϰط
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¥似ƣ˿һ˵Ӱе꣬գۼ¥Ŀʦ似ÿһжﵽ˴ɾ磡
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Էֻڲ˦ʱͷȫѧˡ
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Էô似ټϣս⡭
ףΪһ󼶱˫սɻĺܲҡ
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벻ǣʵҲܼ򵥡ֻҪͨѯһºԴˣ
ϵ


2029 ɲ
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˵ĲһǲαװֻҪѯһ¼ɡ
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ͨſ֮ǰٳһʧΣա
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ȻԴƤһ̧ոѱޣȻ취໥ϣӭͨŵıԣô˵Ѳɣ
Ҳ˼
Ц
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ϵҵרҲţܹ֮⣬ѱҲͬǿ󵽼㣬似Ҳһᣬһᾫͨ
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׻صٴθı
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ϸ۲һ£Ȼһڵңüëɸ
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˭֪Էͺ׽Բһ㣬׻壬ɢʧ޷
׻ڵĻٶȼ˵Ӱͻƾ硣
¿û˵ʵɲݣֻô򵥡
һżǼɲݸǰ
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ţ
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˼
΢΢һЦ
ӵɾ۷弶ʵֲȻûô򵥣ȡġ
ܵ
һ׼˷򣬽ٴһȥץסǰͻȻһԷ߲ҶӣȻǣӵ͵ӳһ㣬һ˲ͽͽȫϵһ

ڰա


2030 ɲ

ϿǰĿɲݣѹ¥˵ľɱԹŹ֣ȥϹȥְɣ
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ֲûɲݽӴֻϲϷŪˣˣȻὫͷų
ЦЦʹﵽ۷壬սôǿ֮ģĥһ£ĥĥҲкܴô
ţ
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ҪûӣǲеģʱҪĥúأܻƣԽԽԶ
ɲϷŪνϣɲݻٵ鷳ˡ
һĺ䳤̲ס
ȻλϽӴ٣һ֪Էʡ͵ĵơ
ȻҲͨķԼ˶ɻˡ
İɣɲݻ˼ǧ꣬¥֮أңҪץסοֻɾˡֻϷŪˣ½λ׵벻ʲôܹ
ź롣
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΢΢һЦָһ㣬һ¼񾧸ڶǰζâҫ¶ɲԺ
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Ҫһңܳˡҡҡͷɲݣʵ;Ʋһ˳ԣ˻᳤ŲԸʲô
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͸˿ٶȹȻ졣ȡ
֪֮Уڹעʼ󣬽׻ںϡ
ʱɾˡ
һϵġ
׻꣬ﵽɾ۷壬ڣʱ߾ˡ
ֻҪﵽɾϲԱαǿ͵ϮҲͲùֵˣ


2031 ɾ
ֻǣѼŵйͻɾؼûﵽ𣬻Щࡣ
Ȳˡ
ҡͷ
ΪԽԽߣ϶ԽԽ٣ܲûͲȥɣ
ʦ½ҲûйʥͬҪͻƾ磡
ҲĻʵӦԼԵΣա
ʼ
ٶ룬οƿſڽƿеϵȥ
¡
ҩڣۻգ۹ȫɲǼ䣬ͬա
УȫֱɾյĴų˹ȥ
ͺƿŵԿףֻҪõܴŶôأɿƿûУֻӲ壡
ֻҪ㹻ͬ˳ɾɾ
ˣ
һ죬ɢڱѪ
ü̡
ɫһ
ΪƾΪɾӦúˣû뵽ǰĴţһι̣þȫֺܺ
㡭
ľٶȫˡ
ɾ½һԿĴ󼶱ǿߣѲ֪Ѫ޷ɹһ㼼ɶûУӲ塭͵ǹƥײ׸ߵĳǽһ㡭
ôĵ
λоƷԪ
˼ΣЧǰλ
ƷԪɾѾûʲôЧˣҪɹҪ߼𣬸Ӿҩ
öȡһƿ
ּҩ½û٣Ҳࡣ
Ƚһ£֮ͻ㡭
֪Ҫɹ㹻ܰ;ϣҲֽӹƿһͽöҩͬʱȥ

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ּһöƷԪҪϣԷһ۷壬һͲΣգ
Ҽо񡭡
һҧǰԸ
ӲɾΣռ󣬱ػһֲвп߻ħ
ϡ䳤ϵˣˢˢΧ˹
λ¥ϣͻƳɹʲô֣϶Ƕ֣ԣܹ߾ȫû˻ƴǡ
䣡
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ղϵֻǽӵĻ˿Ѿɱ˺ˣٴɾųȥ
䣡
ÿһγ˹һ㣬ڱѪʣΣɾŻδƿȴѾˣҪֲסˡ
ȡһƿȵ«ϴˮ΢ָһЩҧĿ¶˺֮ɫ

мƿֳ
һǰɢǿ
ɾ۷弶ʿľѪ
նɱ޻ǰѼ˲٣ⶫ̺ɾ۷ǿߵЧȾƷԪ̫ࡣ
أ
ƿըѪѨֱڹӿ
Ƥ̱ʺ֮ɫҲ˸ɱ񣬺̫ǿնԷǶԷҪѪ
ߣ
üëһɾת߶ȼУǿסȫ˺ѵľʹڵ˳ٴɾų˹ȥ
֨ѽ
ںſʼζƺЩܲס
ζͺá
˿۾Ź⣬
ɾıݣпµĶࡣ
磬ô񱩵ɾͿͻƣ˿Σûɹ̡
һβɹͻƣˣһ֡
һĿһȡ
һɾʱֱۣӡ
ɾͳʥһһγɹڶѶȾͻӣԽ࣬ҲԽԽ
ǰλΣûͻƣһƽɹͼˡ
ԣ㼯˵ҲҪ˳ͻƣ
ϵҲæΧ˹
̣
ǵһԷڣ̾ͱɣϯһ𣬻۳˸ĺ
лˡ
û뵽ˣϧΪҲҪԼɾȭͷƺǰĴų
֨֨
ٴη˼ֵİɾ𽥿ʼҡ
̫ӣͬһ㣬Щܲסʱѡ
˺üƿϴˮ
䣡
֪˶ãԴըһǿüĲͣڹ䣬Ϣ˲ֱ߱
ɾţˣ
ϵɾѪƷԪټϿ˵İڽŻ״򿪣

ڵ˲ڣˮһ㣬ʵķԾ
Ӿǿ
ܵˣٻָͬǿ
þ
ߣоȫǾ
ϲͻƵľ磬ȻͬѰɾǿ˲֪ٱ
ûоƷԪֻüɾľѪʮƿȹ
ȻͻɾﵽɾڣûжӦ޷
ˣսҲǿˡ
֮ǰԶλ͵Ϯɾ۷ǿٴγ֣㲻СƼưҲܽ
СƼƿǺưûôȻ𵽵׶ߣܽɾ۷ǿһͩѽ
Һóɹˡ
Ϊոȹ̣ŵ
̧ͷȥ漴λߣݷףҪĴ
лλϡ
æ
ҪǿԼأֻɾ۷壬ɾ֪Զ
ÿ˵ݹȥһƿϴˮ£ӦЩ
Ĺ󣬵СƼϴˮޱȣɲݶаǣӦҲá
Ҳƴǣſںȥ԰׵ɫȻָܿ
ͬİˣȴȻ
ҩ
ҩЧѾԽ֪κһҩˡ
רƵҩΣգˣԷã
ȡƿÿ˸һ
Ϊ˰ϧԼȻҲġ
ͻƳɹΪҲ̷ҩָ֮ǰġ
˵׻ָҲ׹ɾڵΪս
ͻɾû𣿡
˻ָЩĿ
ʦ½ΪͻƵʥؾͻˣôͻɾû֣
½ĵطѾû飬ʮǿɾּ𣬻޷عģضʣӶٳͷġǡ飡

飿
ǼȻǱȻûʸΪ񡭡һҪȻķɣԼصļɵƽ٣ֻ򵥵ģپž޵Ҫ
Цҡͷԣ½ǿֻααҲǼٵ飬񡭡˲֪ԶңαҲҪİɣƾ츳


2032 α񾳵İ

⡣
ҪΪ飬ҪϿɣҲţᡮֵԭֻ֣аҲ˽αʱ
͵
׹
ѹ֣Ŷܹᡰ֣ΪֻΪ˺ڿΪ˱øǿ
ҲףΪŵƽ¥ĳΪôˡ
´Ҷϣ䣬ᡰ֣һɹڣ޷ͻƵɾ۷壬пͻƣΪӡ
ɹˣԷȻҲ޷ɡ
ƽֻõ˰֣޷ţֻŪһá
̲סʵ֣Ҳͻɾ
ܣѳ̶ȱһ֣Ķ࣡½Ҳֻͨõһ֣αԣţҷΪף

Ȼ
ţзΧԷΧڣţ֣ܲͨȴ鲼ϲԣԭһ֣ô¡
û֣޷ͻƣҹ۲죬ΪòѴﵽα񾳡
⡣
ŵαǿߡ
Ҫû޷ͻƣδﵽ־ģ
ǣҪԭˣ΢΢һЦ
ң
ÿ꣬һͨţ½ˣͨţԽӶл֡ʤһоͻ֮ͻα񡭡ǰǰеսߣ

ͷʤһл֮ͻƣǡʧأ
ʧߡͻ
һܲᣬʤһɡ
Դα񡢺αǰλҲαʣûΪ϶ҲͣѲɣǶʤ
ʿ֣֪֮¡
ͬ𣬿޵Уͨ˿ԶԸģ㺮ǰλҲУһʤãʤ̫ܰɣ
ǶʤһҲͬһսߣǹĶ𰣬ǧǰɾ͵α񣬺ǹγȫʧܸգ
ǧǰ
ͫαܻôã
ɾһǼޣλ𰾹Ȼǧǰɾ͵α񲻱һǧꣿ
ʦ½һ꣡
ֱ¡
α500ôõģǹˣ⣬ԣܻĸãˣҲ쵽ͷˣ⣬˼ˡͬĻԴҲҪ˼ޣ
ҡͷԣǶϣͨţٴεµ飬ѹţŵʷȻд
˵
ѹԴôԼԭԭ
ֻܼԼλšϣϣܹͨͨţɾα
ϾûαѹᱻᣬҲᱻߣö֮ŲֶԸҲɶӶʧʷӡ
֮ǰ˵űԣûΣգʲô˼
ипٴʵ
֮ǰԷȷ˵μӵǺűԣͨš
ղŲ֣Ϊţαǿ𣿡͵ͨŵģλʿŵıУӱΪ죬лѡ񡭡˶ԸʿԼҲǲսͻʤһӶлɾα񡭡
Լ룿ֿգǡһˣ
ǻԣŵĺ󱲣ʵͨñ䣬˳ѡһɣҲ˵ƽţ¥лᣬҲŻụͬԿҲάһǱڵƽ⣡
ȻҪʵܴ˳ȻҪңͺ񵱳Ŀ׵ԼƽĿʦԽ̫ˣ㲻ҪͬԳͨţ£ɾαĻúܴ󣬾˲ܶɹҲܳɾλ
ٴεͷ
ŵ˼ԼôֱӴ賤ݣԴĵĹȻԼɾα
һڰ갲ȡ
ָоǰһ鼮ѡȥ͵
ֻҪԸ࣬ͿƷΣǷġ
ϣʱһҪþȫҲȫ֧֣㾡ͻɾ۷壡˵ȫ˵һϣĿ
ͬʵϵˣ˿ƣûУһоܻʤһμαԣѹȻ˶֡
ʱɾαпΪ֣Ǿʷǧٴˡ
İɣ
ͷ
ǶԷ˽ͻڵΪΪɾ
ݶ飬ȫˡ
˵ףڶིȫ٣죬һƬ޴ĺߡ
֮ˡ
վ
Ҳǰ
ֻһƬεɫˮ渡ǰԶԶȥսһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣ̫պͺ֮䣬ⷴŲƣͬ裬ʤա
֮
ȡ
½ôǿߣȻԸ
ǰҹݴεں棬ͻ֣ᷢǳ׹ݴٶȿĻʱ׷ϣ׷ĳ嶯ˣŽ֮
ͷԽĵطԽΣգǳ¥ı־ټôɾûޡǿ͵ϮͨˣͲˣܲŽ֮ΧͻΣգȥ˭ں
⡭
˵
УΣأʦ½֪ˡ
ĺƽ濴ʵ̺˲֪ǿʥޡޣóȻǵķΧȷʮΣա
ǹʲôط
һȦԽԽԶ𽥽뺣ʵ
ں֮еһ޴죬һǵǹν½ˣס
͡
޼У뺣󲻵һǧȻ˲ɾޣεں֮Уſеķɳʱṥ
Ҫǿʱʱɢα񾳵壬޳ˡ
ѹû˸ҿûǹˣЩޣͿȴˡ
ְ󣬹Ȼһ޴ĵߡ
ֱǧ洣һ޴ĳǳأ֪С
ԶԶȥһӿγһĴųһŵĸо
ϢЩϤ
һۣ̲סס
Ĵų֮ǰʲôطʮϤ
֮䶯о
¡
ͫ׶Ȼһ
ǡ˵Ϣ


2033 α
޴ϣڶеϤǱģеɱ¾֮
֮ûһ²ΪϢϲеˮںһ𣬱û֮ǰı꣬һů֮С
ɱ¾֮ˣѲɡ˵ʵǡǣ
ĻҲͿԽͣ˵ˣ
϶ͨĳʱշ϶ʦ½Žƣ޴ѡ
뵽⼱æڿȥߵӰ̳ߡ
漴㵡
ӰȫһСûκر֮Ҳɱ¾
ѲɡԼӦˣ
ʦ½ˣˮ󣬻úͳ죬֮ǰı꣬Ӧ
һ뷨ð˳
ʥˣʵ飬ˮ󣬻úͳ죬û֮ǰı꣬Ҳˡ
ǹм䣬ȥĻìܣֱȥɣ
֪뷨Ըһ
ޣ·ɱȥܿ䵽һߴƽ̨ϡ
һ£׵Ļ
䳤ǰݹȥһƣԷһۣÿ·
Ŀ˸ϸǰλȥ
ȻͲµһˮˣҺ͵½ϲʹߣһģһ
ˡ롭½ϲʹߣ᲻ǣ
˵ӹʴߣ֪ϢλŮӣ᲻ǹǿߣ
Ҫ˴һˡ
¥зֲϣҴȥȻѰһ£ܰͻƵɾ۷Ʒȡ㾡ͻƣ

ͷ
һˣ뿪ޣŽֵǰȥ
кܴ󣬱ȱԶǶҪΰ˵֮ǰĻҰٷ֮ȷڽֵȷˡ
ȷˮɱġ
ڱɴڣˣųߣŵˣ治ࡣ
Ƕߣǹ򡢳Ʒ޷ཻҲҪŹཻȻ֪ôġ
һֱĴ۲죬
ид
Ӵĺܶ࣬ʦ½Ҳ鼮֪ǵƢͱԡ
Ǹս壬Ūþͻ֡
Է˵ĲܲӴٽӴȻɱ
ʦ½޵еĴڣʤģ֪٣СΪá
һʱһ¥ǰ֮ǰļܲͬҲ۸ֱ࣬Բǰߡ
Уӭõס
ϣţȥ׼Ʒ

ɾںɾ۷壬ͬһ𣬵ͻҲûôף֪׼ʲôҿͻƣ
档
ɾں۷壬СͻƲѣʵȴʮָӡ
ɱɾǺǰˮ̫ѣͿҪѼˣ
ңȱٵĲƷй
ٴӵнӲͣӿҲɡϪûУˮҪ£
£Է˵ܰԼЩ棬ǺƷ
֮˵ֹα񾳵ޣֻҪץסеѪҺ;ˣͻƵɾ۷壬Ӧòѡ

α񾳵ޣ
ü㲻˵Ҫɾα񣬱ͨ𣿡
Է֮ǰ˵ɾα񣬱ͨţȻͨлᣬô־ˣ
ǿûᣬͨŰɣ
¶ǰ֮һ򣬲ƺжɢ䣬нӴʯͷ޺ޱȣա˺ֺɾ۷弶޽ӴкܴͻƣΪα񡭡
һһܣ
ʯͷ޺죿ѵǡѪʯ
ͫһȫһ
֮һĿľǴⶫû뵽ǰλ֪
ʯͷѪʯ֤ʲô޶ͻƣ˵ǾǼٵˡ
֪Ѫʯ

˵ͷ
ҲϹ鼮пأЩʯͷпѪʯʯͷҪЩα񾳵ܹץסɱڵѪҺ;ˣ޷ͻα񣬵ɾǿ߽ΪӦòѣ

Ϊ¥ԸֱЧ֪ࡣ
ǰλûкʵֻҪҵѪҺ;ˣæͻƵɾ۷壬Ҳܹģ
ֻǡ
ԷԼΪͬȲ˵նɱѶȣԷӣҲ϶޷׷
ԣֻһϣҰٷ֮ٱ֤
֪Ƭ
̲ס
ǣأЩͲס
λãҲ̫һͷα񾳵ޣڲԶĺֹҪ֪ǵطֻץסԷϸʣȥ̽һоһʵһЩлץסģȻã

ͬΪα񾳣ʵ϶Ҳие͵ġ
ͺ϶ǺĶ֣ͨα񾳣ҪʤҲûôס
ԷŽα£ޣֻҪѪŽ֮ץ
һȥ

㣿
ü
ģҾֻɾڣԱеģԷ̫ǿҪЮĴڣ
֪Էʲô
⡭Ҳã
ͣһ£ͷ
ҲΪǰλܹͻƵɾ۷壬ҪȥŹȥͺãˣԶԶġ
߰ɣ
˵꣬һΣΪѹ͵ɾ۷壬ֱȥ
ϡ
ͻɾ㲻ʹ֮⣬ҲշУõı¶ʵ
һǰһʱһƬޱߵĺ
ʱѾ׺ˣȻͶԷ˵һǶӳں֮У׹䣬ںˮϿգƺ־ܽժ£鲻ԽľҪ

ԭͣһᣬһҳۻƮ
վһߣȫһϮ֮¡
ȥ˵ΪȻһ޷
Ҳ֮ϣﵽɾ۷壬䳤ϵˣֻǿ
ôˣ
æʵ
һǰͽĶȻЧͷα񾳵ޣǰѾˣĺǿһֱûҶ
߱ȭ
ţںУҴﵽɾ۷弶𣬲ʲôޣû־֮ģ϶ˣ
΢΢һЦƺ⡣
ޡʥ޽淨򣬱ӲпᣬԷα񾳣֮ǰҲҪﵽɾ۷лᡣ
㣬ȻʮֻȻɳУУɱ̫ˡ
ǱҲú󷨣ֻҪţԷӦû֣ǲȷʲôʱ򡭡
΢΢һЦ߽ŵ
ãȥ
˵ͷڱϣҲȥ


2034 ǩ
ϣλŵķǩϣⳤϣλﳤϣͨţ֣
ϣһ¡
ﳤϣ
ǩ΢΢ü
Ϊĵӣû뵽Ҫμͨš
Ҳͱǰλڰ֮µһˣ
ʮĵһˣ
ʲôʱ¥ôϷˣ
ȻμͨţȻͣ¸պЩϵĲ⣬֪ܷһ£
ʹ˫ֱȭ
δ˵
μͨţֻҪ䣬Ժͻ¥ԺǩΪʵƶˣ볹׳С
ԣǶԷϵĿ̣Ҳȷŵʱ
һղס¥ǿѿزס֮λҲûô׵õˡ
뽲ͷ
ǩϵƣأΪ̣֪ϿʲôõĽ飿
ƣ¥似֮һ󣬲ٳ϶
⣬Щ̫ͳˡ
ûش𣬿̲סڡ
Ҫһ£޿ɺǣҲҪ˵װɡ
ƣֻأ޷ԭ֣֮ɶû˵λش
Լһͷˮ
޷ϿĻ΢΢һЦûĻǩڰʮһǰϢ𣬼ɣ
ǣ
ǩϵͷһۿ
ʮһǰΧǰλųЧңԸĻΪԷƽһǻ
±ǻܣû뵽Ȼ˶Է
ҡû˵֪е˼æ֡
֮ǰǰλ˭֪Ϊλ֪ʮһǰܹˣҲԻ󰡡
ϸͣһʹĻñ˵ܿʱ˲ٱʵΪѾָʵϣȴ˼ûѨͽӿѨʱеȫԣƣѨΪҪԣȻ޷ɵأ
⡭ǩһ㶡
Է˵ЩԼĻܣû˵ԷȻһ˵ѵܿ
ˣߵֱۣӦҲûǰЩô˰ɣǲǻֽӲԼƣ
ǩɫһ
Է˵ĺܶԡ
겻֪ΪΣԾĳ鴤ýӲޱȣֶβ֪˶٣һЧûУҲҲҽˣ˵ȻԷε֪
һʼĹΪ̲ȱ۲̲˴ɣϢ׹ټĴǿ޸ķתǿˣʼͱ̲Ȼĳֵأգ޷ˮ֡ûֺ
΢Ц
⡭
ǩͫһᵼظѣʧ
ʧ򵥵ģʱˣأݲͷ
ݲôذɣü
ԷĹ֪ģǰλⳤңֻҪܱʲôԸɡ
ðմУǳֹԾﵽαרŸԷҲ˲֪ٱΪȫˣû뵽ڡ
иԳܵ޶ȣ˫ֱ󣺡Ϣȫݻ٣Ǵˣ£úʵָȴӲûѾ˵ãǻѵıˣ
ʵɣֱ۽ӲֻǸտʼ֢״ڣ˫ҲὩӲ׵ҲΣ·ѣ취Ļڣȫܲסȫ飡һһ
㡭˵Ŀģ
ǩüͷ
Ȼ۳˽ӲŶԷ˵ġ
̫ˡ
Ϊ١ԼΪһоûУ
ţҿԸԣ
һЦָȻ˹ȥ
ֻͨûнҲûֻһ㣬ڷǩϵļ򴦣߶ʱȫֱ񱻶סһ㣬ͷð亹̲סһҪ㿪ͼԷָؿڵһ
붯Ϣ类ǣƣһ˺Ѱʹ
ۣ
һѪɫЩήҡ
ڸоΣֶ
ҡȫʱ顭˼ڣǩٴοǰ꣬¶ŨŨָԽ򣬰ҽɹĸԸΪ޶ģ
ֻһۣͿô⣬ҵɣʵֵþ塣
ܼ򵥣ı̲
Ц
⡭ôܣβǩϲ⣬Ҳˡ
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Ȼ֮ǰı̲޸ĺġ
һȡһƣָһ㣬һУ¼һķ
ǩϽӹһۣ鲻ԽİתƬ̺³ںѪеȫһɣû֮ǰֱҲڽӲˡ
⡭ȭͷٴοѾˣǾֺͳݡ
Ϊʵ֪ĺԷĹֻһᣬЧҪϸصĻԱ֤ȫ
ʮŲ֪ٱûԷֻһۣ׷ͳ
ֱţ
⸱飬һĿҲˡ
֮ǰĶԷ̫ᣬ޷ڣû뵽һ־ô
似츳ǿҽ⣬ȻҲﵽĵزԶԶ
ˣϸ׹ҪھܽȫΪһ㣡˰֡
ԣ֮Ͷѡ
ԷʹߣͶ似ԣһ۾ͿǱڵЩӿؼһʱĽѡ
лϣ
ǩϹ
ǰӦµ󷨺ͷӡɣ
֪ԷѾ֣˵ȥҲûκ壬һЦǰȥ
˵Ĺ򣬱ѾںϰٹһƬ羵ģˮ棬ǰ
Сҵ󷨺ͷӡȷ
ǩϵͷ
Сˮ̺ˮݣеˮ羵ӣó󷨡ӡαǿ߶ǰλܹ
ɻҪѯʣǰ
һˮ󣬷ںУȷĿ飬˲ҲǿҪסαǿߣЩؼǡԷǳˮеˮƺǿ󷨣һԷ²סܽˮ˳޷׷
ܿҲõʲô
ǩһ


2035 Сİ
һˮƵˮΪ죬ں֮Уˮͣαǿߣʶרɨӣ
ǰλǰͿ˵󷨵ȱݣֱֲ
ϣڸεαһͷ꣬óٶȣһˮպסԷ
廰
ȻҪץеޣԷˮƣ϶Ϳǵˣ֮ԣʹ󷨣ΪҪץĶ꣬ޣͲóٶȣˮƣԽ˵ֻҪвܼγɼ޴ס
;޴óٶȲУһˮ󣬵ȷܺãҪˣСԲ֮ҹɫ
Ц
⡭
һۣͷǩȫ
˵󷨺£˵Сʲô
ûпǣͷ꣬Ǿ裬ǡͲ㲼õ󷨣ȴԲ
֮ǰǩ˵ͷαޣʮ־裬Щ֡
Էαˣ벻ץ˭
ԥ϶Ǿ裡
ۿ󷨺ͺĳ׹
ô£Ҳ̲ס
Է˵ãһ˵ãˡ
С羵棬Ӧö֪ԭ򣬲ǺݣƬˮ棬һСҶ

˵ͷ
Ҷ˵ͷʮСϸ΢ĺͳһͨɫŽеͬӡ
ʳֲҲǶһʯƬ·ȫֿʯһֱ뿪С⴦صĳ
ŵ
ֻзǩϵͷ
طܳʱˣר̽ȷͶԷ˵һ
Щƽʱûʲôһ·Ŀʯ𶯻߱ʣǾûʲô
⡭ʯֱʣ϶취ȡ

ҡˣȻҪ
϶ȣһȫȷһˮ󣬻ô
Ц
ǩƿԡ
ôÿһͳһһνͬʱǿ󷨶˲ŪûΪԼ˵ץˣŪԼᱻУ޷ߡ
Щʯںײ֪ˣûӦòֱʰɣ˵Բʲôϵ
ʵ
Щʯױʣ϶ͳˣһֱûУ˵ʮȶ
ǰûֹڲ֣ҡֵԭ򣬺йأ
йأ
˶ٴԻ
ⶼĸİôֺйˣ
꣬ϲľĶû´ǷںףģӦһЩʮ꾧ʯɣ
־ʯҹ黹ҪҫۼٱܹǰǡǿֻҪƽ׳֣ҹҲҪ̫ĹâҹͷŹ꾧ʯôҫۣɺζҪ˵ЩҶЩڵԻᵱ̵
⡭һ
һֱΪǴмȡѵǣ
ƺǵ뷨ŵǴӿʯмȡԲ֮ҹԲµգҶ¹ǿҵʱʱǵΪգҲ󣡴ʱðһ꾧ʯҲաʯޣ׳ֱʣ򣬵ζС־޴Уֻ
Ļҵ󷨣ȷʧȥã϶ҲܵƣŪãͬ޷ߡǩʵ
ЩһлɶҲûôΪηҪȵԲ֮ҹ
ûߣЦ̫Сα񾳵ˣ޵УһֱֻԷͿ̵꾧ʯʯڣû취ͳԴȪǾЩô죿
϶ṥ
ǩ˵һ䣬ͫ׶Ȼ˼꣬ͷҵļƻȵԲ֮ҹҪƻ󷨣̵ЩҶң
깥ȻᱻɣʱѾƻԼ֮У޷ߡҪԣʱпܷ
ҪˣͿˣ
Լһֱãȫ֣Է϶ϵû뵽ȻһֱڶԷ֮С
㣿ʵӦ㣬ͶˣĿǡ
ͷ
ң
һ㶡
ҲڣڿѾ뺣ףȺϹ˰ɣЦȺԷʱҶȫȫѨ;أ
⡭ȫһ
Է˵Ĳ
ϲпܻͷǩһںУʱһ΢סѨʱ޷תʮģ
Ͼûǿķ
ʱͷαޣû͵ϮԼʵǿ϶ҲУ
Է˵ȫԺһ飬ԽԽ䡣
ҪˣɱԷ̵ļʣԴﵽ˳ɣ
Ҳ˵
ǰλ˵һͬʱԷҲԼΪ˼Ǽ򵥵ζ벻Լ
һû֣ģпܾԼ̱ܹӵ϶ҲԪ
£
ѹܳΪαǿߣЩޣȻС
ϣǡڸô죿
Ƭ̣ǩ̲ס
˿λͶأ˿
֪εʱֱѯ˳
ܼ򵥣㲼һˮˮ죬ɻУЦ
С
һʮöˮΡ
ˮһģһʵرƵ죬ˮУγͼʱ󷨵
ⶫͺãҪǣǸպøı󷨣ơ
һЦָһǩеˮ̷˹ȥ
ȥ
üëһһ

ʮöˮɢСԵˮ֮Уʧ
⡭
һ¾ͽҺȥû˿ɺͣ٣ǩһ
ǵһμģ
ٶδ̫ˣ
ȥŰɡ
ЩҲ˵һЦ
ţ
Щš
ǣ֣һк֮ǰƵһҪٶ
ͷ
˵ɣ
һţ֮ǰֽϸ˵˳ͣһ£
ǣ
ǩϲڶ˵ԦСֱۣСмʻȥ
ܿм䡣

˵ͷǩһץˮһгǰȷ˽ȥСҲսָ
ͿϣҲȥʱ䲻Щİĺס


2036 
沨ԣ죬ȴƽ˾ûһ˿ˣ羲ҡ
£ʱ䲻һҫ۵ĹâߣǶԷúõ꾧ʯ
ǩƵʮ־ⶫȻڵһ֮¶ΪѣԼǰ֪ΪԷãΪȻγɣӶʧȥ֮ġ
ǲС
꾧ʯԶĵطǩϴһץһг֣˽ȥ˽
һ룬ʧͺ˴δֹһ㡣
ռ󷨣
ѹַǩţԷֲԼˣԭ׼˿ռ󷨣УֻҪҲƻ󷨽ṹͺѷ֡
˿ǣȴ꾧ʯָơ
ⶫ̫Ұɣ
ŲԶҫۣɢ˳âľʯ̲סʵ
־ʯ޷ƱҲû취ڻȴϲԣƷ֮һһöļֵͳɾ۷弶ıһмС
ϲԴ½صʷϣⶫֹֻܹöңֻңǰȭͷ󣬼ֵ֮ߣ޿ɹ
Ϊͷα񾳵ޣ¥Ѫ
Ϊ¥˽ӽһˣŵԳɹͷ
£Ϊ
ܻѾ޴󣬵Ҫץס߻ɱһͷαޣҲֵˣ
˵˵ѪҺˡƤǼܡܹı¥֮ǰʧʮ
ؼǣǰֻųֹαޣطûֹˣҲδɱɹѪҺԼûӰ죿
ܲΪһ
һãٴ󣬶ֵˡ
ԣͷ޵Ϣ󣬾Ϳʼ׼ǰϣǡˡ
ͷ
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Ȼͨ϶ҲֻԷأϵĳУзֲڣܲģжǿߣ֪
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羵һˮ棬ڷУŤӳյܣ½룬Ƕȫ׹ڴˣˮϷ
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üëһ
ͬʱͷ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵һԲ𣬺˱ʣЩͣζһˮҪʹõĻпʧȥЧ
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ˡ
̧ͷ漴һͷ޴ĺ꣬Զ˹
ͷ꣬;޴ֱ˰ףεںУһҾ޴ĽͧСĹâڵ
Ȼα񾳡
ͷ
ǰͷһȻαǿߣأֻǿԷ˵ֱײ˾Ϳֵܵס
ڵΪͻɾԱ֤Ϊͬ޵Уα̫ˣȻֽȻͬ壬޷ͬն
ԣּǿߣܶԶܶԶǧӲ
׼󷨰ɡ
ԽԽɫأȫתʱ󷨣ǰͷһһ
ּޣѱǲܵģ׻ѹ򣬻統Уõĺô
ЩԾ
ͻȻüëһ塣
Ծ
ɻĿ
˿̾Ѿˣ󷨵ĻԷпһͽ꾧ʯߣֻҪ֮ǰĲ֣һ
꣬ȻĿ꾧ʯ˿̺涯ƺõģһӦóߣ˿ȴһֱǻǲ𣿡
⡭
ǩһ㶣ͬʱȥȻҲ˲Ծ
޴꣬Ѿ˾ʯǰȴδɣתȦûһ㡣
ԷƺˣԲҵʱᾧʯ˳㽫ǩϵ˻ɱǰȴû϶Լ뷨
ٺ٣ѹһֱߣԭǷⶫΪΪʳΪһöʯɥҲˡ
֣һԶŹâҫһӰƿˮ棬ֱϷ
αǿߣ
۾
ǰλͿһȻҲһλαǿߣ
ѹֺһֱתȦȴɾʯԭڱԷ׷١
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һ£
תͷ
ţóƱͩѽǳԶԷ֣֮֮ǰδӴû뵽Ȼֱ˶Է
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α޳֣ܵõϢԷ϶Ҳܡ
ҡҡͷ
ּ޵֪նɱԷ϶Ҳ룬Ͼ˽ƷȨռС
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û뵽·ɱҧ𣬽֮ǰĲȫңǩɫ̫ÿ
Ȳá֣ǰһˮ֮£ѾʧȥãҸһ£ȹ̣ҲԴת͵ڸĵƣ
ƣ
֮ǰһֱģԲ֮ҹƿڿˣ֪飬λӦǸ˺ܾã뽫Ūˣ
΢΢һЦ׹
·ϵʱѾ֪ͨǰϢˣҲ϶ûôżԡͷ꣬δڵ
˿̿λ̻Ȼ
һƺˣԷ׷Ȼȴý֮նɱ
¡
̸Уζĸˣ꾧ʯյԽԽǿϷӷڣٴγѷ졣
겻İһһܣһˮδ¶˽֮ɫ
˿Ҳ֪޷ȴһҧ޴壬͵ǰ

˲һ㣬꾧ʯǰſȥ
ٶȡ죿
һ顣
֮ǰ˵ͷ󺣹Ϊ;޴ֻǷǿٶһ㣬ҲΪȻζû뵽ô죡
ʩչȫҪϲ٣
ҪսԷûκξٶԸղٶȵĳײܲˣ

һΣתͷԶķǩϡ
ҡϴμٶȾǲ죬Ҳ࡭ǩϼæ͡
⴦壬Ϊ˶Ըͷһ϶֪ٶȵж졣
ֻû뵽Էûӳʵ
дĶ࡭
Ц
֪׾ϹȻԲºͷǩϵ󷨣Ըͷ꣬׾ʵȴ͸¶ǻۡ
ѹܴﵽα񾳣Ȼûһ򵥵ģ
ô죿
Ҳ׹
ȻѾ֣Ǻ̵һЦ


2037 ̵
֮ǰļƻһĵط󷨣ʱͿˣɱܣ̫ѣ
˿̣ð˱ȴҲӰ첻
Ǵԭأ̵
˵Ĺ꾧ʯ꣬տʯҲͲס׷ӿ˹ˮ涼ڲͣζҪը
ܵϷİҲΧм䣬ͷγɱ֣һܣ濴˹
·صѣһɣͷ꣬;޴ֻɱôƽ֣
ˮмĴ󷨿ռе˶С
ˣ
ǩһ㶡
δأܹ꾧ʯֵĲԾΪαǿߣ϶Ҳˣ֪˺һҪԺթƭǳ֡Ȳù
ҡͷ
꾧ʯⶫޱȣҪеĻͱڹˣôܵȵͷһ
ԣ΢һ룬ܲ³϶˺һ׼ɱͷޡ
ֻǲ֪Է˭ĸˡ
䣡
û޷֪һ֣֮Ȼٲɣһŭ𣬱ֱͶϷİ˹ȥ
һ£ٶȸ죬˲һ㣬գ۹򣬳ںǰ޴Ϲǣһ׹֮С
һײϣɾ۷壬ܵĲ
úã
ƺ֪УȻһЦǰ˲һ޴ơ
Ƽˮͳֱﵽףͺһײһܵ˲ͱ˷ĩ֪˶١
ȭͷǡα񾳱
Ͱʶ꣬ʮϤˣΪ󣬶ս֮䣬ֲ١
ʲôʱðһα񾳱ˣ
ּĶٴν֣Լ϶ⲻ
ѹ֣ҵǹƥץ꣬ⶫΪǿĿ£

סԷӲ壬ٴһЦж͵ת

״ĶһɲǼ䣬ͽڣС
α񾳵ıȻǹ̬ǿԸı䣡
ˡ
ǩż
׼˽ӽһ£뽫ͷһһɱζû뵽Ȼߡ
żôɱץĻ϶ˡ
⸱飬ЦŰο
꣬ôɾͱץסĻӲ
δ䣬һţձ̵е꾧ʯٴθǰ
øҫ۶Ŀ
¡¡
ĻζøӾˣϷϰ׵ľˡ
һ̷ʯȻа취ø貶ĿոĿʯ

ζϵҶøӷˢˢ˹գ۹ͽ;ʯȫڡ
ˡ
Щˮӿɫһ䣺
ǰĳͬʱһֻһץ뽫סջأȴֺ߱˸֪

α񾳵ıʧȥЧϵ䣬򺣵׳ȥ
ϣô¡
Σǩϲ⣬Ҳˡ
α񾳵ıѾԼʶǿƥôܱЩճסʧȥЧ޷ˣ
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ıɽƶɣеҲͬҶʵڽԷǳߣȻҲͷųɫĹâͬˣ
ЦЦ͵ⶫʮϸСȴɢһĴų磬ԣγһƬ͡Ǳһе飬ͻִ̱ųϵǿҲͽסӦ֪㣬Źһǰһʯģ
ͬʱһ
Ϊֻͨû뵽α񾳱ΧסʧȥЧ
Լ˳ȥ᲻ͬסѨӶʧȥս
ѹ˵ϤˣǧҪմǣԭˡ
ݷף̲סҡͷ
֮Σճ̶ȣݿ֮ǣ˲֪ٴţֻΪﵽα񾳣ѾûʲôηˣڿΪǿҲҪСġ
вͿ䣡
꣬ΪޣȻ֪ЩŹ⽫ʩչһٻܣ
ˣǩϣ鷳㽫صĿռƿ

ǩһ㶣ͷӦͼҡҡͷˣԼɡ
˵꣬ǰһڵһ̤
ˣ
صĿռ󷨣Ϸ̳һ޴УǸղǽʱģ
üëһǩſ޷£
󷨣˲֪Ѫóģֳһ˲ͣ£ԷɶûУ˶ţֹͣתˡ
ѲɡҲƽˣ
𾪻ûǰϷһץ

α񾳱һ̣ʧ

ߣϽٴһ磬ռٴת˴Ӻףٴʧ
α񾳱ˣ
һۣǩϺͿգ۾
α񾳵ıߣų׵ɣ
ңؼǣּıָܹ
ܹսȥֻҪԷԸ⣬Ҳƿָӳɣ
ǲţϷİ׷ˡ
ıƣѾץˣô룬ˣֱߣûһɣ
ţۣϧΥԣŵõģһ±ߡû
ǵ˭һ
һҪ嵽ס
ԷĿռ󷨣һһϣֻ˲书򣬼ΪҲֻһ޴ƣδ浽ʲôˡ
˭ıͱ
ҪԸòƣٵα񾳱ٲɣ͵س
λûǰͷ­˹ǡ
꣡
صĹףײһֻһ£߾ɫף߹˺üۣһѪ˳
ͬΪα񾳣ΪһЩӲײɿⲻס
أ
һе֣ײͣˣǰƴס
ò׵סһ÷֮ʱǰͻȻһһҫŹâľʯ̳ǰ̵۾Щ
ˡ
ǲûŵ÷ɳˣѾˣܵȻΧ˹
˲еɸɾȫѨɫĳӶ
ҵ
Ѩ£޷ķǿҲûô岻һΣӿ׹䡣
أ
ڴʱٴײ˹
˫æӭ
꣡꣡
˫۱飬ɫҰףαǿߣһͷںףҳһ޴ӣཬ


2038 С꣬ɣ
ǿ
һĻͷǩȫһ
ΪԷ⣬ֻҪƺˣץնɱζ벻Լ˲ǱƵġ
һҪʤδܹⶫæ֮䣬֮һĳǿߣͱ
˿֮
ûǰ⣬ǾɵǺǳȥ϶Ҳúλһ³ң
ΪһˮһתΪٸߣʱڣѲпܱնɱ
¡
֣겢δɣ㡢Դٴعףİײȥ
Ҫ
ˣԣ۴Уһ£ֱǰ˹
ŵȻɾ۷弶

걳ϣƤûƣٶҲû赲ֺ
ͫǻҷϻתӡ
ӵα񾳱ûʱǶ֣˫ѣعǲ֪˶ٸҲ˲֪٣ȥɡ
䣡
ûԶݺײϣٴһһͷ档
ְɣ
սӽβһЦٴһ̤صĿռ󷨣ٴ˺ѣ˳ȥ
ǩ˽ϡ
꿴ص˳δżҲûιдĮ
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һ޴ˮ֮ǰΧһ˲䱻ĵɢ
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ͬһУȼǰǿһֹ
ʱʩչҫ˫
겱ٴһԭصתֱӱȥδ˵ࡣ

ͷ
һٶȿ죬дǣ̲ն͸ʵǿʱҪֳʤҲܣ
գ۹˫սʮУСǱУ£ˮ治ð
αǿߵս֮ԻԲ
Ҫںףս϶;Ų֪ٸˡ
һôײ
һᣬǩ̲סü
ղźͰսʱͷ꣬ͣײӲײϣ˿ȴһֱԭأսʵȴӲ֮ǰͣһ
ɵһˮ󣬲ң
Ц
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ͷһ죬ֻǳײδʩչҲûʩչ츳Ӧʮ㣬ﲻͬˣ
ЩҶճϣα񾳱ֱӵȥһܷ޵Уû˿ģܿס

Ҷ˿̻в֪ճϣα񾳱ֿסԷǿ϶Ҳ𼫴û֮ǰˡ
Ȼˡһϰɣ
Էսǰǩ˿¶֮ɫ
ܹɱһͷαޣκ˵о޴
żڵȻᡭҲҪȻᣡ
˰֡
ǩϲ׷ʣǰȥ
꣬ʱս˶ʮУǰڵû˸ղôͣҲƣ
ڴʱٴһš

֮ǰ䵽Уʹܵ꾧ʯٴη˹ֱǰȥ
ߣ
ͷⶫˣôԸһΣȥǰһӰͻȻ֡
㡭
ǰһЦǰ͵һץ

꾧ʯʧǰս˴ָ
⡭
²ˣҲһ´ס
Ӳô£ΪУû뵽һ˲ͱһս˴ָ
һɾڣεס̺Լľʯ
ָγסûըģ
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ǲǺ֣Ϊܹȡöʯ
ɻһЦһձյľʯ̳ģ
ۣ
һѪ˳һĲţ㽫ʯˣ
ܹⶫΪղ̽еʱ򣬾Ѫȼƴżģˡ
ôһתۼ䣬ԼûⶫͶ˱ˣ
꾧ʯּıܲǱȴҲԼԣһЧңǲѱģ׷ʲô
ǣҽ֮ǰĨɱˣǡɰæµԣԣͳˡ
һЦָһ
ˣ
ʯ˹ȥ

Ҷٴγ˹齫Χм䡣

һۣٲͣתҪߡ
ţҲɱαǿߵٴģû뵽һƻѾĵĲֻ࣬뿪
ߣѾˡ
ٴǰһ̤
ˣ
ܷڵĺ̰һӡһֱߵҲ
æײգ۹ͱһɫһ䣬̲סʲô󷨣ôôǿ󡭡
֮ǰרſˣµһˮ󣬾ܹסһʱƴȫĻǿӳȥġ
ǰʲô
þȫȻ
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˵ҪģطûԵôγ˼Ӳϣ
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ǩϲõ󷨣ҪסԷȻԣһ¡
ղһֱֿͶԷսΪո˿̣㣬Էӣ϶Ҳˡ
α񾳵㵽ʲôˣ
˼ΣͶԷ˵һȫʢʱӲڿ϶ûϣɫʮѿ
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֪ʲôˣ
΢΢һЦ˹С꣬ɣΪȻߣ˭


2039 Ը

Ҫ
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ȻǲµһĻ꣬ݱڵͳɽʱŷͿûʵˡ
¡
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⣡
Ҳָһ㡣

ۣ޴ʱڲԶˮУ񱻱㣬ûκΰ취
ңߣɱ󷨷סԷ
бɱң
겱һͷ­֫ȫսǡ
ΪαǿߣĹףα񾳱ƻˣֻҪȥԷסΣ
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οס󷨣Ҫάֻ֣Ҫһʱ䣬Ӳ壬ҲԶƽ⡣
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ĴָСĳ£ٴ˰ףͬٴˤڵϡ

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ͣһ£ûгɣֱӵԸҵλã¥


2040 ˺
û뵽ԷȻҪһ㶣æҡͷ⡭ʵڲ˼Ұ׹ˣʵڲ
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ҪȥѰأϲԶ˵ֻ·ˣͷ꣬¥Լߺ͸ԷҲ޷
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֮ǰƬҲɫԴǸӰѪ󣬾ͱˣûָ

һΣ뺣ˮ֮Уͬʱ֮ҫϸ۲졣
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˺İͷޣɾ۷ʱͺǿҲǶֻ֣ʱǿҲ£ల¡̷ѪҺͻƵα񾳣Ǹǿټ࣬Ҫ֮ǰĵطʤֻ뿪

˼ǡͷα񾳣
ɫһ


2041 
ǣͷ
ڿǰʵǿûκΰ취ǰûκΰ취ˡ
ͬΪˮǿߣ໥㶼ͷΧ뿪϶ˡ
α񾳣Ҹǿóó֮ǰİΧֲͿܱɱ
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֮У㲻ǿߣҲ㲻ʵֲͷ裬ĸӿ£
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Ȱ衣
λ˵ֶκܶ࣬СƼҲɾòģϾԷͷСƼܹһ϶ҲΪ
Ȳؽ޳Ǳȥֻǹȥһ£ŶԷߣ
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һΪαǿߣ;޴󣬺ױ֣ԼֻҪתϢԷαҪûôס
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İ֮УסϢһ㣬˳ǰ
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˳ķĿȥ޴ɽ
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˵ĲνټҪǵģ಻ܽ룬򣬾Ҫ
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Ŷϳȥ
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ޡʥô˵ȫ˷ܵزͣ˻
һʱȺħ衣
ںŻȨ
һᣬҡͷ
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˿̣һðͷټɾô࣬ҲͲסҰġ
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ѹָղſôζӦٻͬʱ˹
ҪĶԸľǹǵǵں֮УҺλһ£ȥΧˣȸֻ֪Ҫɹžû˸Ҷ֣鷳ˣ
֮ǰڵ
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ǹסڹµϣԺΪ
оסһɱ¾еĿΪԴ
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ǹõģòˣǰһĻɣҵ顭ǸٻŮӣǹ𰣡
ͻȻȺУһͷźü㣬ڵ


2042 ׵ļ

һ£ȷ
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ڶŵȻˣʲôµģǹǿҲһ˶ѣֵˣɱ׾٣
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Ѫ̫ˣЩܲסܲˣҪϢһᡭ

û˵꣬һСƼֱ޳

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ĿҪը޲Ͻóųˡ
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´ϵδ䣬漴еһɺȻϢͻأڵǰԺ䡣
ɫһϵͣæó档
֪Źǵˣ
ЩһŴſڣӰ˽
һλǸˣһɫۣΪ纣󣬸һɲ֮С
ǡ
͸ķ϶˿ȥüë岻һ𣺡ԡ


2047 ȭͷӲ
ˣνɱüλɾ۷弶ʿͶָơ
ǰˣװ羡֮ܺǰĲͬɢϢ񡢷ֻһۣϳ
һλαǿߣλɾ۷塭ôݣ
ɫͳ۾
ϳԷݣΪҲ۵ס
ȵˣͺһȻﵽα񾳣λɾ۷壡
ʿɱöͷͬ𿰳޵Уɾ۷壬ʵϱα񣬶˿
˿̣һλαλɾ۷塭ݲν
λ𰹬ǹϳҲӦԡ
ܳΪ֮һһȻй֮ͿĴжˡ
ͺƽֻкһαǿߣԼĴޣɷ串ʵϣȴ֪ҪһԼ
еĽã̺ȱĽ⣬һͷųͷα޶δܹס
οпʦ̺֮УҲ״ԭ
ȻЩһԵģһȱ䱦ĴѧϰҲˣûٻ˴лٻ
ˣǧ괫УֱʧӶ˳š
ԣǸ֮Щƣû˻ᶯ
ǹΪŵĻ£ǧֵ꣬ƿ϶ڣοǿԹͨ飬˭֪ûп飬ķ
ѾǺˣǵǹɣ
棬λӳ
ȸղųȲ٣͸¶ء
ѣ
Цһ˵ӦףޣջᣬΣ
ֻ֪Щף
𣺡һ߸ϣźͷ֮£ΪҪǹ
֪ģ֪֪ģҲûãҲֻǷ£
ûа飬˵ҪĴ룡Ȼڣ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳа취õһ쿼ʱ䣬ǲֵǷ̫֪꣬ˣ
Գ֣ҿ϶޷ֵҪˣϢй¶ȥ߸ϵͻܵӰ죡
֪ͺã˿ܵӰ죬Ҳ·ҪǹеƣҲỨ̫๦򣡡
ܵӰ죬Ҳν
ӵгǿʵ֮࣬ȫ޹ؽҪһŸۣһۣ
¸ۣ½Կ
ǰߣʲô
ð
ȭͷϵɫͳ
Ȼ⻰̶֪Է˵ĺܶԡ
ǰЩƣͷͷԣɱΪֹ
ȻҲˡ
оԵͰˣˣ·ġ
йͷӲģǾйͷġ
ȭͷ󣬲Ӳ
Ҷǹ֣
Ůӣû뵽Է˵⻰Щš
ǲҪԳֻ֣Ҫλαǿ߻ɱţţԸ⿴Ǹ𣬺ȡ֮
ɫȻ
ǿʳαǿû˸˵ʲôһ£Ŀ϶֪١
ʵ
㡭
ˣĬƬ̺󣺡ҿԴӦǣֻҪĶǣǹĸֱ
Ź˼ǡ
ٸһʱ䣬Һ͹г꣬һ𸴣

ŹҪһգ
Ц£λĶŹٸ죬Ҳɣ

һХ統룬¶˳Ӱ
㡭
ʶƣ¡
ΪαװĺѾöԷˣû뵽ûϵ
ǲǺ֣Ϊ֪Ǽٵģ
ߡ
ȭͷԶĴҲ彩Ӳ
죬ŹһٸҽҾ֪ЩʲôˡѵΪǿôúŪ
˺ߵղŲǺϷˣû뵽ͲϢαװĶŹȴ˿ƽʱû¹򣡡
֪ǡ
ס
Ȼ֪ΪλҪӦһ֮ԼڲŹΪΣֱ׷ȥ
ܼ򵥣ҪԼѶùŹ뿪˾Ѿˣ⣬λпѾץ߱ɱˣ
ˣ¶Ц֮ûߣֻǶѣѵΪƿ
ʹһ˲ݷף鲻Խ˼
ҪˡΣգ


2048 ͨǿ
Ƕץˣ
꣬˲ٶ˵һС
λɾ۷ǿߣˢˢ
ϡ
ӿʮλɾ۷弶ĳϡ
Ӻ˾ȫڵϣһˣʱʧȥս
ͬΪɾʿͨųǿ̫ˣһ
೤ϱܣʹϱץ
ȥץסŹҲͰˣûץסˣ
һתȥ
תа˾
䵽ڶûףҪʲôɶԷץߣȻΣʱҪѯ飬Ҳʮ鷳
οҲгԹٴμ䰲Ȼ뿪
ͩѽıɾ۷峤ͬʱģȽԷĴɾ͵ϮɱټȫԸλα񣬾һٵ𣬽һǿѹԶӶ
α񣿡
üëһתͣϢ
ȻֵѹȸУɾǿ߿ʩչģҲ˵αǿ֣߳
ʲôˣ
˴˿Ҳ˶Էͣܡ
λѣ˴ˣǹˣǱߣ°ɣ
𣬸һ֮Уһµߣڴſڣ˹
ʮģƺ룬һ֮С
Ϊ͸ղӦһȻﵽα񾳣ңһֿ͸֮У±𺮽Դˣֻǿ
⡭ִðģ
ü
Ѿĸֻʣ¶ŹƮڵλδ档
֮ǰ֪Ϣ¼αҲλ衢衢ޣΪѪֵıʣУӵα޿ɺǡ
λģ
Ȼͬһ
λϣҲûͬʱ¶ɻ
£Ϳûʵˡ
Ҳû뵽ͻȻðһλߡ

δ䣬λɾ۷ʿͬʱһΣг𣬱ֱλոǰα˹ȥ
ʿûϣΪﵽ־磬һһԴ·գ۹ںһǰĿռ䣬ڵѺۡ
纣
˶Խ⣬ƽҶˣ˿
ܵ˴ѹҲסȭͷһ
Ȼܴ󣬿ɾͬ޵УȻֽĻȻҲң֪Ǻá
αޣҲмܡ
о߿ȥҪӦԡ

עУ߶ˣϸֳȻЦ⣬𣬴Խһ㣬һ
أأ
λɾ۷ǿߣ˲䵹˳ȥˤڵϣһݲҰףѪ硣
ֻһУˣ
һ
Ϊλͺʵ£ڿ¸ӿ£
ƽƽһƣζ벻ӵֲ˼
λʿҲͣЪɲǼѺųʹϵʿǰٴһ
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ͬƺߣʿ֮ǰһ˳ȥˤڵأһƲǳӣʱڣ޷սˡ
λܾˡ
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лǰ֮
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û뵽ǰλӵʵλɾ۷壬ʵҪʤҲûôס
߽һ̤˹
ӭӶϡ
䣡
αǿߵս˺أҿػȻǵΪ֣뺣ס
Ϸּ֪ǿߵĽսתۣ֮ϸȥ
˵ͣߵ
һ˲䣬˴ѷָ֣¡
ߵΪܸһϤ֮У
һᣬüͷ
λߵ򵥣ȴֱָҪ˲òĵطȣԶˣսȴˣƺЩֲס
λߵ似似ЩƣܹΪʩչǿս
ͷ
ѹϤ֮Уԭλߵ似Щơ
ֱָ˲òĵطƣӦԡ
ҪӮˡ
뷨ðͼɫһףһƻؿڣţ˼
һС
һĶһХֱ߼̶
⽣ƣӦʩչǿľУݡ
ɫأ߸ӭӣ͸еǰһĴɾ۷ǿߣͬͬʱʧ
һΣ´αϡ
صλǿߣѾʧȥټ
⡭
Ȼû뵽ǿߣȻʩչֱߣȻʧЦεҡҡͷɵϸ۲һȷԷȷ뿪ǰ
лǰ֮
˰ݵ
ÿҲǷҼ֮æǹάǧţߡ
΢΢һЦ

˶һۣϹδǰԼš
ΪǹĴϣŵ۷ǿߣʶ
ǰλﵽαˣȻ˭ִģ
¸ӡۺ룬¶Ժͨϣ
ͨ
ͬʱһ㶡
˰죬û뵽Ȼͨˣ
Ҳ΢΢㵡
֪ʦͨֿ϶٣û뵽һϾʹﵽα񾳣
ڹؼʱ̣ǹˡ
ժġ֡
ӳϵ˵ͷ׵춯ǰ֧ԮǹҺûꡭ
л׵лӳϡ
ٴαȭ
ˣ
ӻ漴üͷƺЩ⣺һ£֪ΪΣͻȻǹ鷳
⡭
ϳɡ
˵ҲͰˣ
ı飬ɫ糣˵ͷڶŹпΣգ֪Ļͺѳְ
ϣͨĳϣովǡǰĴϡ
Ҫǣʦǵʵ϶Ψһܹɵģֻǰλ
ף־ˣΪλҪɡ
Ҳգ
˵ҡҡͷȻǰͨǿߣҲ޷
ͨȻأȴһֱΪ˴½δ˵ʲôϸ
ҲûʲôӼ
ʵιҪȡǹ

ӳü
ǡǹļ̳
Ͻ͵


2049 ݿ֮
̳
һݡ
ǹ֮żɵԭܹ飬֮ͨ
ҪɹƷֻһΪļ̳ȱٵġ
ǹȣҪľȻⶫ
ǹĸôܸˣŹʱ䣬뿪ϣܹҸʵĵط죬´ݵ
͵
ԭˡ
ӻȻҲ׹
֮ǰ֣ΪҪõģʦŹȥԭ
ǹ˿̱ţ϶޷룬ֻѰεĵطϢ죬ԣλαװɶŹʱ䡣
ֻϧǿߣͷǵ뷨Ѿ˸ٶŹˡ
ǰʦڼпܱ׷ɱǰȡ
꣬ڵء
ְܹҾƴǡ
˵ͷ漴һصĿҪȸңŹȥִʲôط룡ҲѰȥ취ˣ
⡭
ϣͬʱͣ
ȥܣǰרŽܸκˡ
ѾǵĿģ⣬˿Ѿ׷˹ȥŹпΣգ˼ɣԸֱԣҲû취
˵ı飬üͷһ壺˶ʧ˵һ˶Źǹ᳹׸𡭡
ϡȭͷͬʱ
֪Է˵ǶԵġ
ʧǹʧȥ̺͵ƣͺƽʧȥ֮һ㡣
£Źٳ⣬ǹ㲻ŸЩĺҲ϶ǵɱ
ԡ۴һ㣬ͼ̳ܳ£
ǰǲ㣬ǡ٣ǣʵ̫ˣǡͣƬֹ̣
Ȼˣ£ҾͲٹˡ˻ȥһ𷣰ˣ
˫һһݣҪɳ
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ҧҧ
ϣҪܣ뿪пܱɱ䡣
ͣ£ˡ
֪ǰɷ񷽱ҹۿһ£ݵƣ
ϵ
ܼ򵥣
һĶһƣšͨ񡱶֣һ֮У⾳ԶּĴ黭ʦġ
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˿
ҲѹСģǣŹҲ
ǰˣСģǿߣʵ̫ǿ󣬲ѶΪ֮ƹ黹Ǹ⡣
ԷվǣԼͻɣʵڲ˼
޷ӦõģӲ⡣
лǰ⣡ϵ˵ͷʵŹû׷ϣӦѾݿ֮ǣ
ݿ֮ǣ
һ㶣Σأƽû˸룬ŹΪҪȥ
ʵԾҲˡ
ݿ֮ǣҲ˵ӰүүҶϾУʱǺ«ϴˮλӣʦͽԵ֡
طͨ飬֪ǼΣյڣɾ۷ǿ߽УҲҪʮɥšŹֻǼ룬ΪҪܵ
̫Σ˰ɣ
ݿ֮ǣȷΣգȴǴ½ΨһܸӵڣҲֻ˳ϲԲ֡ϵ
˵ԵǶԵģһû˵ǾǡܹǵļƻҲµˣαǿߣ磬϶սʤݿ֮ǣΣأ˭˭δ֪ˣ
ҲͬΣգǿߵ汳Ҳǹһûȡ
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ӵ˵ͷȻ֪Щھȥݿ֮ѰңԸŹڻȻ
˵꣬һΣֱӶȥգ۹ʧԭء
л
Ϻͳͬʱȭ
ȥ
һ΢һ㣬Ʈ˴ֱ򸡳ʧķ˹ȥ
ǹĿľѰҶ𰣬ѯص£Ȼλпݿ֮ǣȻҲҪȥһˡ
һûüλͱɱˣͿ޶ˡ
λͨĳϸٶȼ죬ʱѾʧȥټ֪ȥ˺δ
ۣ֮
䶯ոշµۼĳǰ
ȥ
ܿ뿪ǵǰУмۼǰƺԼһ׷λӡ
ˡǲ𣿡
պü
⣬ӦǸղЩµġ
ǿߣߣʵĳطĸλͨϡ
α񾳣ȷɵ
ٴθп
֪ӳϿ޷õϢ֪Ϣ
֪ԼٶȣαǿߵķУһ֣źۼǰȥ

ٴηϰۼʧ
ôͣ˳ս޳ܹۿ
ǰһƬ̵ɳĮ޾Ļɳһۿͷ
ۼͣˡѵνݿ֮ǣɳ֮У
ȻۼʧǾ˵ݿ֮ﲻԶˡ
ϸ䣬鼮йݿ֮ǵĽ͡
ݿ֮ǣ֪ڶ꣬ǵѾڣڹɳĮ֮С
ܿ콫ⶫ鼮Ժһ顣
ƽš¥ţйļء
Ӧþڸ
һˣƬ̺üëһһɳ
һۿȥطûκβͬϸ۲Ļȴһ֣ãبŵϢɳ֮£һѾĳС
ɳϣɳ𻺲һȦ
üëһڵһ͵һ̤

һɾ޴֣˲ӿе䡣
æת壬ƽססΣŷ֣ǰѾʲôɳĮһ޴Ŀռ䣬ǽһ硣
һܵĳУߣŲã¾ɵϢ
۴һƬߣûʲôֲµƺȥͻᱻɣУ޷롣
ݿ֮ǣ
ɫء
֮ǰһֱ˵̫Ź֣ڿˡ
ΪһһΣڣζû뵽ȻһɳĮ֮е۵ռ䡣
̧ͷһȦ
·ѾʧԿռӦҲ̽鲻
Ҳ˵Ѿȥˣ
֮֮ȻŹˣܹҵ
ľת׿ǰ޴ĳУֱ˹ȥ
ˣ
ŷвԶûУ͸е̹ǣ漴һâֱ˳ֱš
ͬһʱ̣ϷҲһâ£֮ǰĽӦƺҪһнնɱ
ˡ
ͫһӲ
׷ˣû뵽ȻԷڴ˵Ⱥ


2050 Էı
ˣ
һɲǣӦ
ǿߴν֪Էֶκʵ͵ϮĽдźһ㣬׼Լòλãֺ
ؼǣϵĽǶȡλԼʱ䣬뵽۷壬αǿϣԶܡ
ɾ۷塭
˿
͵Ϯģֻɾ۷ʿּʮ֮ǰΪڣѾ㲻ʲô
ˣλαˣǲڴˣͲ˵ˡ
һͨĴޣԴԼһͩѽģ֮ɢܵĿռ䡣
֮⣿ƽ
Ϸ͵Ϯߣһٹ˲϶֣תҪߡ
λ֮⣬ֻɣ϶ƴȫѾﵽɾңǰ͵ϮʧˣɵҲףǰλʵԿġ
֮Ҫ콫Ϣݻȥ춯֣
ܽץס;Աȵõǹļ̳Ķ࣡
ˣ
ĳ΢һѹȶȴǷ˿ͨ޷뿪
ۣ
üһѪۣλɾ۷ǿߵʿȻ

ʬӿ׹䣬սָ
ӱ͵Ϯλɱһ·͵ϮߵĽպǰ

ϴؿʱһưͻأ֣˽⡣
ƣ
ҧȫӿ뽣ƶԷȴ֣ǰư̵ͬǽþȫ޷̴
ѵǡα񾳱
б
ɾ۷ǿߣеĽҲﵽͬʵͬıֵס벽α񣬶׿⡣
һư⵲סˣ޷ǰֺ𵽵жߣ
ߣ
֪͵Ϯ϶ˣͬҳɣתҪߣûüתǰһڡ
һư˹
Σưİ棬ֻһ£ԴͱУ˺«״дŲʣ׹䡣
ʿ½ŵĶǿߣζ벻һưɱ

ٴյԷ壬û˷ܣǾĿܡ
˼ûκ쳣˿
ֻ⣡
Ϊ֮ǰˣڴˣ˿û֣Ӧûˡ
Ȼսʱ͵Ϯʱ䣬ҵûôˡ
ӦǾ쵽˸٣Ϻ׷ϸӣϾŹͼ̳Ҫ
һ׹
ǿߣȻʮֻһα񣬶Լղŵ͵Ϯ֮£ŪҲҪ䡣
նɱ֮ǰ˿ռ䣬ٶȼ죬Ϣûй¶ȥԷӦûû
΢΢һЦ

һһģһӰǰ

ѱͷα޺רŽα񾳵ѪҺ͸ͺ˷ãû߲ǣ⣬ԣ˵ΪѴﵽɾ۷塣
ȱҪǿ
һһ

ãͷһòѾλ«ͷʿ
Ȼûαװ̥ҺһԱ仯κģṬʱ򣬾ɹͱ
˿̣αװɺ«ͷʿ϶Է·겨ѹƵ͡
һʿͬʱԷģһ㣬˳
αװ̽ѪҺ£Щ©Ϣͬ
ĳȱݾͿֲˡ
ɾ۷弶ıѾ̺ԼĽ⣬ֻҪе̽ѯ⣬ֲˣѾˡ
Щ©ŵͷȷȥ
ϡ
Ϊλɾ۷ʿ׷Լǰ뿪αˣһ·˼ǺţѰӡ
ٷУһ֮ǰĹųǡ
žɵĳǽڣɢŨ˥ϢһѹָУýеˣе̫˳
ʵеʵѹһ㣬޷ǿս
һһâָζһΣֱۻһӡ
̣
˿һ֣˥ϢӶͣʴ˴ϡ
תƬ̺ҡҡͷ
С˿ڣǰһתһò˾ȴڶָˣطȷ졣
ѹ֮ǰİҶϣ޷ָֻܵƺЩ˥֮мĹϵ
ȡƿ˿ڵ˵СƼϴˮһڶ
˿ںܿϡ
طȷ졭
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˲ӵСƼҲ˵һˣ߱˥֮壬ͻͰҶһ޷֣ŵ
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ȡһƿӸ
Էĵƣãһˣˡ
סƿĿһۣҲָⶸȻðһֱն˹ȥ
꣡
һ˿ڳֱۣ೤Ѫӿ˳
üҪʲôͼͷ­һĿԼһۣһת
̣
һʱ˳˿Ȼָ

üëһ
ⶫҲã
˫ֱ󣬷Ǳӣ

ԼϻһС˿ڣԷֱŪ˿ڣԼҪСƼϴˮԷҪһľٶǹ԰ڸԼġ
װ
ؿڷƣԷǰȥ
ųȻ˥Ϣ֮˲ɫֲһֿľ괺֮С
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Щ˥еҩģҩǿ෱࣬ѹǿߣ֪ΣգҪǰ
ǰ³ҩģĸ˵ҩ࣬ҩǿƵҩĻЧԶʤ硣
ǰеĹ켣һǰһռ

ǰ˲ԶһƬƵĽߡ
֮ǰȫͬ
ǰģƾɲһ֪˲֪꣬ǰ⴦ܶطչ¶ʵӡǣһ֣ոƻ֮С
ս
ɫء
һۿطӦòǰվһսʱȻ˥Ϣ£µĺۼ±ƾɣ޷
ѵˣ׷λˣߡѾҵ˶Ź
׷͸ĿΪѰҶ𰹬
սĺۼ϶
ͣסŲϸ۲죬ûʲôõѶϢ£ͻȻȫëȻըһǿȻ١
͵һţͬʱХΧγһȦ

һΰ̶𣬵ͷ¿ȥֻԭĵ棬һƬӰ֪Ӻδ˳һͷͷŹֵ顣


2051 ħ
ǰӰͬ·ûʵ壬ʵȴǿԼĽ˿
ɫأѵǡ˥ޣ
֮ǰ鼮й˥޵ļء
ݿ֮е˥֮ײޱȣһˣ֮ǰĺͻ˳ڣ⵽ʴû취ơ
İҶϣǱⶫˡ
ǵжǿ
ȷ˶Էݣٲˣͩѽһתʮ´̳
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нɲֻ࣬Ҫ㹻ѧᣬԽûɵģԽ
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һ󣬼̳ϵӰĭѣ漴ȼյļ̳˼£ڶԷġ
ӰûסԷĹ̳Ҳͫһ붯֣ͼֵӰЦӯӯĿ˹
Źּˣ
Ȼ㣿
˲׹ס


2055 ɾ
ͽ»صǹ
¿ǲš
Ϊ֮ǰķֱ𣬽Զû뵽Ż
λȣ
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һ㶡
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ȥĵطûݿ֮ԶǰӦȻǣΪûж
ȵȰɣʲô鵢ˣ
ЦЦʵǿ뿪֪ң֪飬ӦòΣգ
ţͷ
ʱ뿪ȥǵȷֻ֪֪϶ûݿ֮Զ
ס£˰죬Ҳûλ϶Щżˡ
ȥüķʽ硭
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ǺͶŹദǧˣ֪ԷıƢֻҪӵϢ϶ظϣᵢ顣
ȴʲôϢûյѲΣգ
Ҵ
ķУһ֮ǰһļ̳ǰ
̳ûѹȣӦûѪ׼ƷƬ̺󣬱ȼճܻ档
ǹͨ룬Խ鶼ܹͨ˵ͬһˡ
ŤڶʲôٻѪУŤһӰģ
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֪ڣ϶ҲпѰҵ·ߣ⻹ôң
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ǵӹʼ룬ϲԳֵλӹʻǴߵ顣

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Ц
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źܼܿҲûȥʣû뵽Ȼ˱ʡ
֪ԼصĹϵҲ֪ȥ˺δҪ£ϢԴҲڳ׶Ͼ
ȷ˶ԷݣΪҪԼˡ
һλαǿߣֱʵģ֮£ֻ
ҪԿֻԼλ֮ƽ
Ȼ˲֪֣˵֣أ϶Ͳ³ˣͬһˡ
ԣžǹ֮λԼ
ĴųϣԿҲɡ

˿˹Ȼ϶ԼĴ㣬㿴Ǻã
ȫۿǰλͷα޳裬ԣʵɡ
ټ˵ˣ϶ԼľӾͺá
ȻŹ˵ҿǹ
ͷ
ѲݣȻˣһţҲûʲô
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ڵ˵ѣƹ˹ɡ
ϳﱸ£ҲֵңֱȥǹĲ⡣
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һͼζһ£һɾ׻깦֡
ţɾռļһ
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ǹɾĹ࣬עĵúܶ࣬ȫںϽȥ֮ǰȱݵķֲֻʣȱݡ
֮ˮҫ֮ԼҶݡ
ȱݶӦֱÿһֶ󣬼ֵ֮󣬲֮ǰ꾧ʯԶԶ
Ҷݣ֮ǰݿ֮ǣѾõ˺ö꣬˿óͿʹãұҩЧ󡭡
Լеı
ݿ֮ǾΣأﲻ٣ٱҲĺҶݣõ˲٣㹻
ҫ֮öָУպһö
ϴСĽĴָߣǹļһ£汦ﲻ٣ɾ۷弶ı֮࣬ҩġʯṩıպһöҫ֮
Ҫıֻһ֮ˮ
Ʒ鼮һѰң¥۱ڣһʱûͷ
ȥͨܹãͨ͡
Ȼ鼮йƷļأұãкô˵ϣ϶ʹù
¥ǹȵطûУͨûС
ͨ鲼£Ҳ۸ֱҪ˵ܻ࣬Զʤ¥ûУͨͨ͵ĻӦҲҵһЩõϢ
뵽⣬ھᣬܿ߳䣬ٴҵ´ϡ
ǹפǵûʲôңһöɾֱͨʹãС
´ϵһö
ǹ¥һһ֮УҪþֱӿԽͨ
л
ȻУҲȥѰˣ˿»صңУ֮̽ˮϢͻȻһһ뷨ð˳ɫϾ
α͵ϮΪͨλ᲻ᣬͬˣ


2056 ɾ۷
ƽʱ򣬵һαΧΪսͨڶڱ̲ǣͬˡ
û뵽㣬˿̿Ӻᣬ᲻ͨ⣿
ʦػ£˫ʦ½һֱĽ֪ãԸƷ£Ͷ˺ŵ顣
ξͲ˵ˣϾϲԼǧһֱû֣Ҳһʱų
пܣ˼ǧͨȺףѾʡ
Ȼƽš¥ǹĴŵɲ£೤϶ֱ治˳⣬Ҳ
벻ǣԱ֪
ģٴνС
ɾͨȽ壬ǰ̨ɷܹ򵽳֮ˮ
֮ˮ
Աһ£鼮вѯƬ̺΢΢һЦλǰ֮ˮϡ٣ͨպһЩǮȽϸߣ
٣
500ͨң
Ա
ȷǼߵļ۸ˡ
ͨûУ㿴ܲܶһһݣһƿǰ
Աɻİοƿ漴еһŨ漴һǲţǡαǿߵѪҺ
α񾳵ѪҺʦöƣڲã޹ؽҪ
ϾҪģǷ̫顣

ԹˡԱæתھ͹ۣ
αǿߣ½ûж٣ϵľѪϡޱȣÿһζ̺ޱȣǰλһóƿһαǿߣٲ˸£ѼʮҲ޷롣
һᣬ˻Աͬƿ
ǰǳ֮ˮһƿֵպöӦ֮ǰѪҺ
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ô֮ˮټ֮ǰ׼õͻƵɾ۷Ѿûκ⣬ھͿ᲻͵Ϯˡ
뿪ͨż뿪ǹ˼侲ңͬʱȡ˳
ͬһ㣬α񾳵ѪҺ֣쫷һۡ
߸Ӻ˵ʬ壬·ϵʱСƼϴˮ˥֮ϴɾα񾳵ѪҺ˵ļҲ˵֮ǰ۵ƿмʮ֮࣬㹻ʹá
תڵ
ɾڡɾڡ
ʱ󣬾ʹﵽ˼ޣɾ۷壡
Ϊûα񾳵ѾĿǰΪֹﵽ߼
α񾳵ķܴյˣΨһķǡԼ·Լķ
֪Լ⡣
ûȱݣɡƫƫҲȱݣ
֮ǰûʶϴ߻ħ󣬻Ȼ
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ûȱĹԽãԾԽǿûּķ޷ʧ֮ҲͻԽԽŨö֮ħ
˵ʦ½һֱȱݹѾ˺ֻܴҪﲻ
Ȼ˿֪α񾳵Ĺܴ룬Լоͨǻ۴һ
ܹҲһܣ
һͼݵҡ
ǵʱôµģʱʦ½ʮ
Ҳʦ½һ죬ʮ졣
ٶȼ졣
ϲԺ󣬱Ϊʱٽиı䣬û뵽ʦ½ʮҲ˵ʱٶȵһٱ
ϲһ죬100죬£
һʱһٸʱ൱ڰࡣ
ƽȿͻαķԺһ飬Լ֮ǰϸá
֪ãתһѪ˳
һΣʧܣ
٣ڶ顭ͬʧܣ
һٶΣʧܸա
αȻôͻƵġ
εҡҡͷ
ҲҿӵСƼϴˮԿٻָƣȻ飬߻ħˡ
оƣ˳˴䡣
۲ܣҲŹ˲һʱ䡣
ͼԺʱáֳһмоͻα񾳵ĹԼ߳˾ҡ
ΪѾͻƵɾ۷壬սһα񣬶ֻǿպȥܲܽٴ˳ٸαѪҺ߸ַ
˭ûߣϢ뿪ǹţһ˵ĺ
ָһˮģ뺣
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ǿ󣬼ȻҪɱԼֻΪ󷨾Ͳ֣ôãû˹пǵڣ֪ԼϢ
˵Լͨͨʲô
ϸ䣬һѵΪʦöƣ
η˶ȥͨ⣬ùƣòΪű¶ټɡ
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һαװһģȷϱ޷ʶԼ֣ˣٴνͨʦƵ˹ȥ
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ԱҴ뿪ʱ󣬵ƿּģֻҵʮöٶˡ
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ʮöѾˣƷԪ۸񼫸ߣÿһöֵͨңƷٹһٱҲ˵һöļֵﵽ֮ޣʮöǧͨҡ
֮ǰ֮ˮļ۸Ȼܹ󣬵⼸öҩǰѾ㲻ʲôˡ
뿪ͨҩȡοһƿȻеŨڵΪмã
ҵͻαĹЩҩȫ𵽾޴á
ڵʵαǿߣԣα񾳵ľѪǿ󣬶˵Ѿô
ԺҪͻαû㹻ô죬˿ʮöҩӦٲΪ˷
վһһȦûʲôͣһ£뿪Ƭ»صǵ͸еܵĿռһŤ·˲䱻룬һ̣Ѿһǿյĵط

һߵӰǰ
塢ʮģһңվԭأںҹ֮е飬˴塣

۾ȭͷһ
֮ǰͨԷδ֣˿ʹ˿ʦƣȴˣҲ˵ܹ֮й¶ԼݣΪöƣ
ʦƷΪλĶô£
Ѳʦ½λ֮ʦѾţ
ֻߡܵɱΣ֪ƣ̺λ
Եɣȷ˻ᱻֵĸɣҲ˿
Ͳõģ֪ʱͻᱻ׷ˡ
̧ͷǰߣֻһۣüëת


2057 ǿ
ڵʵȻ޷ԷȷΪ
ĿǰΪֹαΪߵƽĺӺλˣҲǰ߱ȣƺ˲ֹһ㣡
ϴصܵĺڰǿǴɢһīѲˣҲѲ
ѱĴαޣնɱӺөѹô㣬һ־ץʱ䶯֡
Ҳϣ߿˹û뵽̶ʮĹѾﵽֵزңҪץס¶ûôˣ
֪ɱ˸Ӻλˣ
һ
өӦþλˣΪ֮ǰһֱû˵֣Բʲô
α񾳵ǿߣһɱֵöԷ˵Һ͸һ֣λ
ֻǡնɱ˵ʱݿ֮ǣǷܣ޷֣Էε֪ģ
ңѱĴޣĽУõݣҲԷһ˵񲻱¥ݣҲȻˣ
ѵ
ϢԴ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ûв֪£һȻ߿ǰ꣺߰ɣ㾡Ĵ޳裬α񾳷ңûκʤ㣡
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üëһҲϻĴαޣ̳ǰͬʱǰ߳ȥһ̣ʮɾ۷弶ĳڿлһռĺۼֱն䣡
Ĵޣʮɾα񾳵ķǿնƺҪ׹䣬֪ΪΣζ޷߸ǰֻȴġ
ռӣ
ͫ
׻괩󣬾ǽռ֮ķ϶ߡ
ʦ½ʱռӣ۷еٶж죬޷ٿֺ
ѲλߣҲ㣬ǰĿռ飬һһŵӣ׹У׹ɳǿΪҲã
ԣǿռӣǿյĺҹһֻҪУҪµĹأÿֻҪʵԷ޷
ܿ췴Ӧ
ռӣӦûôΪΪﵽα񾳣ɢ赲ɴ˿ȴȻⶫһָǿ
ͿʦеġһԶ桱Щƣ
Ҳ˵ԼƬǿڣǶԷƶ⻹δ
СûУ
֪СĳǿߣҲ̲סٻ޳еСƼ
Ҫ˵ܹԿǰλĻֻһ
Ȼƽʱףֻ֪ԣȴӹɵġ

С޳ûһ㶯
һ͵һѪ󣬾û˶ⶼȥˣȻˣҧȴҲû취
湻ӵġ
ܿһֻܿԼ
üëǰߡ
Էûվԭأͬһϴŵ΢Ц֪ΪΣꡢޣ޷ֹҲǱʱ֮У޷Էǰ
ùˣα񾳵ʵҲ˲ҡ
ߵһЦͻȻ͵һġ
žણ
ſ˺棬о޴ʯѹڼҪ˵˽нˡ
ıҾջˡ
ѹĴ޷һץڿУʱȴ͵Ϯ˹ȥڶԷġ
ʱ򣡡
ģʧ䷴˿üë͵

ǰα񾳵ʬ壬ͻأ֡
䣡䣡
޴ıըǰĿռʱŤм̮ԭ̶յǳҹĻ˺һ£һѺۡ
ۣ
û뵽λôݣαǿߵʬֱԱα񾳵Ϊն
һ±ը϶ҲƼأҪˡ
ɶұɱ㡭
۾죬Ѫ˻
湻ǿġ
Էûֻˣ
ͷαǿߵʬ壬·רƳ޻ˣֻһԵĶҪܽ޷ǿߣֵˣ
һֱ㣬βһ˼ãϡ
ķԷޱȣԷЧԼ϶ֶνԼͽͷʬ壬ôָԭβխռڣһԷץסֱ
ȻЧ
ֻǣû뵽һʵ̫ǿˣαǿͬʱԱôľ룬Ĵ޶δܹ⣬Ȼֻ˵˾ûˣ
ѹΧԼֻһˣҲ֪ͨα٣ֱӳһλΪǿģ
ʵҿǰ׼ڽӡ

һе߳ŸһռһŤһƬ
ЩȼɵỤ̃˷ֱ治򣬸ղűըıѺۣЩӶ
ּ󣬿Եסң
󷨵ͣҧֻҪסˣͬܽͷȫնɱץȥˣοˣʲô
¡
ڣɿӿۿɼĻָ
ʩչĳطôصƣȻӲѹơ
ָ֪ǿ֪˿϶ѵΪǸ򵥵󣿡
ĶƺͲµһЦ
ǣ
һ㶣漴ͫһ岻Ĳ㽫ݿ֮ǵ˥֮˳ڽ󷨣
ûˣЩ˥֮޷˺ˣĿƣЩҲδ˵̫ϧҪץסңֶοٻָƣҪ㣬ͱմԣͺðˣЩľѾ

һݿ֮ǣ˥֮ôǿôܲռһЩ
ⶫԶҩһԷεĻʱ䳤ˣܹͬ룬ЧЩǿ⣬ܽǰ
ԣҪƵöԷ취ˡ
һ˾ҪͱȡͺԶȴô︨֮һ㣬һ˲䣬ЩϢȫоݿ֮Ǵ˲֪һ
ۣ
³ںѪֻ߲ͣ˶Ҫըˡ
ĵΪԷЩСʵҲԣԼֻ·һζû뵽֣
̣
˥֮ߣԽԽأǰڣͣζʱҪӿеȥ
ݣҾˣҲɱҡ
֪ɱԷѾһҧ͵һݣֱз˹ȥ
겻ɣˣֻܾȥ˳ְæ˥֮
򣬳Ųʱͻ᳹һ̼ʬ塣
ߣ
һЦˡ
䣡
滰һìƿնԴ꣡һ£Ӽ˹ȥڿС


2058 ȫԱ
ìƿصǼα񾳱·ϣͬһֱûʩչߵ·ߣһ
֮ǰҪɹܣ˿̶Էˣټϱ˥֮ʴʵٲһ͵Ϯ֣ܱԴӼᴩǰأ㹻޷뿪ˡ
ͨ
ƿزסӿеˮУһƬˮ
أ
ˮУĴ޶ʱ漤ͣһϢߣͳǰ
˵ղֶΣ˾ųɵĴ޵Χཫʣµһɣٴĵųɣ
ǳĥ³ļǿԣʧȥʶ
е˭ΪҪɱң
Ĵ޽ץдŴߺ͹ƻζ
׻ʦóľѶ֪Ҫ֪һУЩֶΣƽֻǲ붯öѡ
֪ΪʲôҪץˡȻб£
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䣡
Žˮ棬һ޴ıը̴УŸеһɾ޴ѹȸкˣƺҪ涼ɣ
޴ĢƣϷڶ𣬱ըĺˮɢٹ罵˴ꡣ
ۣ
ͷޣͬʱں³ѪϰסΡ
ӷӦݣô̵ʱ䣬Ѿ׵ĺףҴ˲¼ʮˣûסը
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ȫԱǶɢˣҲ˵սʧôȴһЩơ
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һ㶣æȥҲ쵽˲Ծ
Ϊ̷ѪСƼΪᱩһأꡢһֱͻɾ۷壬ɾαζû뵽֮ǰһģһΪû˿仯Ҳȫͬ
ͺ񡭡
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ǹڲ۱ȱȽǡ
Ϊ½һֱŲϣ£ԼӦίԼ˲ǣȻƽ桭ǹǧδй
Υ˹غѵ
ȫ죬֮ȷΪǵĹΪŹ飬õ׿ϣôѵԼ鶼Ҫǿ󣿡
ЩۣһϺߵ
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ԭɵģȫŵ÷Ҷ˵
ΪǹˣһֱӵжľηȻô˵϶Լĵҹɡ
ǹˣ׽ͣŶˡ
һķ䣬УҲҲһͷˮ
׸ʲôáǹĸԸȷΪ
һֱҪ֪֮ģֻû뵽˼죬ͽλüȥԼ
ѲǸŹ
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ΣǺǹԺ϶Ҫúý빲ˣ
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ȻŹͬһΪΪųϣȻҶ˵Ҳܶ˵ֻع涨

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ڸпһһӰ˽šԴϣ
첻¥ݣ
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ŸԶ໥֮䣬ûˣҲûгͻദʮ죬˿һţһ
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Ц
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ԴƢһ꣬˵ɫһ̲סһ˦뱻Ųţź¥Ҳˣ
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2059 ׵Ҫʲô
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ڲ֪λشʱЦ𣬷ٴӰͻأ֡

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С£Ȼû˭Ϊһ飬֪
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׵üûѵͣ׵ΪҪðŵй¶Σգ
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ŵıһö̫һգͿԾֵ꣬޷ѣ
α񾳣ɾα񾳣Ҳ׿⣬˵ԴʵҲҪܣӲ
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2060 
׵һأǧǰ߳£ҵȿ棬һϷơǣѻȴɽڣΪ֮ߣͳ󣡡
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2061 
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2062 ټأ
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2064 ʯ
һԼĹѣҪдʹ
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죬ں棬һ·壬ֺǶסϲԵľ޴ӣ֪ߣһۿͷ
˵֪ǰ½Ϳ̿һλǿߣӺն˾޴󺣹ȣӣסϲԣʱۣ׺ɣȱʯҲǰʯ
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2065 Ҫ
ʯ̨䳤ϵ˾ͺڵϣµҩٻָĵ
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2066 ͨ
ӺһĿڵ˵İҪضֱӿڣÿ
˵
ֱɾ۷Էͣ֡
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ȵ˵ͷ䳤Ͽ׼һλʿ˹ȥ
ƷХ似ʩչ˷ǵûܣȻʱڣռϷ硣
⡭
λɾ۷壬һĻȫһ㶡
䳤ʩչģ֮ǰڵģȻܹ⣬ԼҲδػ䣡
뵽⣬
տʼЩɬսٶԽԽ죬ȻԽӦ֡
Ȼû˵ʿȱݣȴרŽˣսеļɣԼսռϷ磬ƺպÿƶԷ
ԽԽȡ
⼸ֻǽս취ǿǵδ˵ζԸʿʱ֮սȫʩչȻ˵˳
ԭУ޷սʤʿ˿̱úԼдһ㣬ûĿ־塣
ԭ̶̼죬ô࡭
ͬʱȻ
֮ǰǣʿвãͻᱻնɱڣȴѹƵĶԷ޷֣֮š
һֱǱ˿̽սܵƿأ似жϣԼλĻף
̶̼칦ǾȻ̥ǵı仯

ȫ¶˸м֮ɫ
ֱ˿̣ġ
ڵʵɵסһУҲ˵Ҫɱ⼸λʿҪ̫๦
ԼʤȴҪѾѵԼˣԳ֣ǻøĳɳ
ֻоɱɾ͵α񣬲Żǿ
һǻܰɣ
֪ЩĴûκι˼ɣʩչС
أ
ƺߣλʿˢˢˡ
ͨͨͨ
Ӻȫ˵ϣϾ˺

ɱͷʿͬʱ˿ԶһۣˢˢʣµͷʿȥȴǶѾ˵ϣվڲԶŵȻЦݡ
ֱȻԸٶȣ˶Է
Ƕûγֵģ
ʵǣڵϣѾɱλʿǰҲˡ
Ҳ֪ô˵ϣˡ


2067 նɱα
߰ɣ
λסȥ·ʿ˼ǰȥ
ղųȥĶˣѾʧȥټ޳ͨţبҹ֮Уͷ
ǰܿһ͹
ǸԲ̨ģĶһ࣬һĹ۾̨
ŵλţС
һԲ̨ϼȫë״󿪣գڵڽʱͻơ
ڳα񾳣
䳤ϵ
ǰ˵ľ飬ͨλʿϾͻһЩͻƵĵطֻҪɾ۷ǿ߽Укܴʳɹ
Ӧþֵطλţڳԣͻα
߰ɣطռˣȥǰ濴ûԲ̨
֡
Ȼ˲̫ѺãܹͻαǸԵĻԵûҪ
ȻͻƣֵطӦûв٣ֻһ
Ȼڵλ϶ҲҲټˡ
˵ͷ󣬸ǰУԶϢ䣬Բ̨ϵţһͺڵ˲䱬ը
¡
ǿϢֱ羪ը
ͻˣ
ͬʱһ𣬼æ˹ȥ漴ԭصˣıʣһĴεԲ̨Ϸʧȥá

ȫսѨ͵۾
һҫ۵Ĺâ˫ҫķ
ߵʤǼλʿҲ͵˽ǰˡ
ܵڱ˷ܣˣȻûʿɱ¶һ˿ȣһվ
ಣ
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ܹͨʿĹؿ˵лΪαǿߡǶɹˣźڵƺڣ
Ц
ǲϧͨΪܹαǿߣЦ£ԷҲɹˣ񲻵ù
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֪Ųģû뵽ȻҪɳ˺Ƥ¡
˵ˣ˿ʿ֣֮޹أ
ÿδͨţϲ٣ǰ⼸λˣҲ˻ɡ
ϾÿܹģҲһѡ
ôȷɱǣ
ԷɱѾ˶֣ҡҡͷһͬĿ
֪ѱͷαޣԣͨϣɷܽٻ
𣺡ͨŵʱûǵԽּ޴Ļʿɱģ
üһͨ޳Ȼ֣ӺǱӡһ㣬α񾳵޳޷
ûﵽ־ģٻ
ֻǣͨŲÿһ;޴ٻǵܰæŪû谭òʧ
ӣͶԷ˵һͨŵ飬ϵ㣬ţҲȡɵġ
ѱ꣬ȻܹʤֶΣһոͻƵα񣬾ɱңǲˡ
ҡҡͷ
ȻʹĴαޣƾڵʵҲһոͻαļһԿġ
أ
δ䣬һڵλҲǰ
ŵλһͬﵽα񾳡
αͬʱͷϢסȥ·ʱһŨŨѹ䳤ϵˣɫȫʮѿ
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ο½ţոͻƣʵҲС
ͬΪţǳ֣ѵ½ң

İɣźڣͳĴţԺνǹƽš¥ڣ
һŵˣһӣְɣ
ǰһ̤ǰָſһ䡣
λɽոսα񾳵Ϊ䳤ϵҪæͬʱе类һ㣬һ¶
α񣿡
ͬʱһ
֮ǰȻӴαȴû֣֪жǿ󣬴˿̶Էʩչף֮࣬ơ
Էɱֲ֣֣ܼУ

æȥҪβܽ漴һĻ
ԶԷƷµĶһһûκͣ٣ֱӹᴩ˶Էơ
꣡꣡
УλոͻƵαԴ͵˵ϣֱġ
úûŲ𣿷Ҫ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ֻɾ۷壬սһα񶼲Ƕ֡
α񣬻ҪһЩһոͻƵСһɱΣ
㡭
ͬһоͱնԴڵλţһһתֱߡ
ʵǰǿ٣ԷȻһնɱԷ϶ҲɱԼ
ӵλܹͨʿˣͳֽնɱΪǸû뵽λȻǿֵز
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ֻǿˣ
ʱӣʱ
ղô࣬ȷǲҪɱңȻȷߣôü
ҡҡͷһ
ˣ
ƿնգ۾Է
꣡
ӺĲ룬һ˲䣬λոսˣͬϾˤڵأʬˤ档
ͻƵӶûֵ
½̵αˡ


2068 
ͷαʬ˼ǰ
˲Զһλɾ۷ʿ֣նɱ󣬿һԲ̨ǰ
ͻαĻᣬȥɣ
ǰһλɾ۷
л
λмĵ˵ͷУȻеڵһ㣬ʱͻơ
˼ǰܿ죬ҵԲ̨
ÿԲ̨ǰȻʿػˣ϶ûа취˵
صʿնɱѺ䳤϶˰Žȥȥ
ٴοһԲ̨һΣ
Ϣ̸ܵܣһ֮ǰ½յȻͬɾ۷ΪϢ£ʱͻơ
ϧͻαĹûó
һᣬ̲סҡͷ
ǵһֱڴãڣûɹ
ǿгĻлɾα񣬵ûкʵĹΪԺĽòʧ

һץԲ̨ɢϢսһƿװ˴ָ
Բ̨Ҳףͻα񣬿ⶫ͵ʦ½˹ʥ֮һһݳͿʱͻƣ
뿪Բ̨ǰ
ͨУģԲ̨ƺ٣һҵһصʿͣһ£һһģһķ˽ȥ
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ͨɳںڰ֮У֪Զͷ
ֻһʱ䣬ȥ϶ννᡰ֣Ҳͳ˿ջ
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ԴԴϣڶԷ
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ǰ棬ûԲ̨ⶫҲġ
ЩǰûʿػĻУҲ˵Ĭϵģ֮ͻƣģ˿ʦƽǿߣûܹ˵ʹˡ
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޴ڿУֺǶںҹַ˴һңǰ
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һţŻرգԭīĵã˲ȼ

Χ˸ʮӰÿһϢȣǳ
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ѵһαȻһ־λ
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ʮλαʿΧ˹
ץңûôף
Ȼ֪϶Σգһˣһ

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䣡
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ͩѽֻαһ·ϵʱ򣬽Բ̨еɹͻƣ֮⣬ǿͨαǿߣһжӲס

ŻϣȻһӡû¡
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ӽٴӿ˹ȥ

û˿·һ㣬ֻһĽʵʵҲǱסһ㣬޷


2069 ͼй¶
Ϊ
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һУȫΪᱻ̷޷á
úã
һͺ
֪ӺζݻĽһ˲λα񾳵ĺĴ˽ȥһ̱ն롣
һնɱʧȥһԴ൱һ죬̳˶
ʣ¾λαǿߣæ㽫֮ȶ
ǵĶ죬ĸ죬һ͵һܣ̴г˳ڿУ˼¡
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ͬΪα񾳣ǿͨɿλʣ¾Уģ
գյһαϵǰ͵ϮɱȻ󣬳úϻ󷨳©ʱ䣬͵Ϯһλ
սսǰѾ׵
׼ôðΣգ
꣡
ı֮⣬޷Ϣλαǿߣգ۾ͱ̴ţʺһۣͷ­ȥ
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ڸǰôΧô޵ݡ
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ӰЩûʸãϣֻֻǸø˰ɣ
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ܵαͬʱ̸֣еһɾ޴ӿ˹ԼΧڣ岻һ˹ȥ
˲ԶһʯϷǰǸԲ̨
ɫһǡǹļ̳ץ˶Ź
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类̿գӰðһ̡
ɶ񡭡
ٴ׹ץȥ
Σ类ˣٲǰ
Ҳɱ㣬ˣ
̳ϵĻҪȼյͷʱϨûоμ룬ʧܸգӰһŭߡ

λαǿߣӵͬʱ֡
һ˲䣬˵һ𣬻۳һǿĽֱʺ˹
һУ룬ɣ
¡
ʱĴţһɾ˲򿪣һӰͻأڵڣָǰһ㡣
أ
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ϵӰͻȻֵӰ͵һ¡
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Ӱһģ޴ӡڼסαʿһΣ˳ȥգ۹ʧͨŵ棬ټ
׷
Ӱܻ


2070 ʦ
߷Хֻǰ֮ͣǰϤľɫۿɼĿٺˡ
ÿٶȡ
һ۾
ԶλһˣٶȾȻҪϺü
αҲô졭ѵ飿
֮ǰǵƵԱαӦôﵽ۷壬λɲ֪١
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һûﵽ飬֮ٶȿ죬Ϊѥ
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ͷȻ˲Ծµڻأһǲ⣺ͨšҪһŶþջˣ
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ǣѯʣٴοһ鲻ףϣʦܰæɽ󣡡
뽲
ʦ㡭ϲѾмǧˣѵһֱûƿռ䣬磿
ɻĵط
ʦ츳Ҫǿ֪ٱ
Լ˲һ£;αֻһ֮ʱͻƣǰλ֮ʦôܣһֱ޷뿪
硭ô򵥣ңҹһ˴齻֣ȻΪͨˡ֣ȴҲˣ˯ǰѹ
ͣһ£ʦƺԸ˵֮ǰ顣
ϸ˵ҾͲˡʦ֮ǰһöͨκƷƣΪΡһʹã⵽ǿߵΧɱ
Ľ١
ǰλĿʦҲ϶̹Ȼš
˵£ҵ
ʦ¶˼Ǹ⣺ҳ˯ʱ̫ãͨתǧ꣬ѱ͸Ѿ鸽ϣȴ޷ģƣһε£ƶɣû뵽ˣ֪ºѾ䴦Щ죬һֱ̽ͨڵڼ飬ԣûȥ㣬֪ʦ½϶͹ȥˣ
׹
Ӻ֮ǰµһԷҲǱڹ
ĴŵҲ֪ҽźڱ£ʦ
ͷ
ҽЩԼĴ㣬ҪһƳͳΣΪ˸˵˽ͺڴŵѥҪ뽫ȳ϶ŵ֮α񾳶ﲻȴ̺ǧͬ졣
ʦ͡
Ȼ
˰죬һжˡ
ʦǸ˽Ŀʦʡ
֪ģӦö֪ˣҲҪ˵
ѯʣʦɫصĿ˹ƻ裬ܵתϢ׸֪Ѿͷӣ


2071 һ
ͷǲš
Ҫɱôʹͷˣ

˫ֱ󣬿ʦйâһڣӦӵһְɣ
㡭һ
ͼصĶȱλ˿ֱʦһ˵·Ļܣչ¶ǰ̲סüͷ
ε֪𣿡
⸱飬ʦЦЦҪţʵҺһҲõһ֣
ʦҲõͼݡ
۾Բ
ʦ½֪ʦʱ򣬾Ͳ²ԷǲҲԼһУõһͼݣԲԼҪ졣
ͼݣ
ʦһ㶣ǣҵõʱҲ˵ν򣡡
򣿡
ش꾣ֻҪͱڣʱ䡢ռ䣬Ҫ򡣡ʦͷ
Ҫпռʱ䣬ǹĵһ򣬵һС
ѹ֣ʦķ䣬̺ʱ䷨ӵпռ䷨򣬼ͼڣγڣͶԷġйء
ʱͿռ䣬һвŻþȻһв˳Ȼķչֻҡ
ûֻǻˣ
֮ǰʫѪǡһԳɹ桱һֱ֣ʦĵʲôס
ԭˣ
򣬲Ŵʦãֹ淶򣬴ĵط
壬ķչļֱ֣飬ǿ壬Գ
򣬲йأܸõ׹ʦ˵ͷɻĿõѵ򣿶ͼݣʲôͼݣ
׶ԷԼһӵһ֣Ȼ󣬾һ֣Ҳǲ֪ġ
Ŷҵõġ˵ͼݣµĲӦǡȱ
˼һ£ͷ
ռͼݵʱԺоͳֹȱ
Ϊͼݲܿȱݣҵȷĵ·ôԶһֱﵽ졣
ȱ
ʦȻԭˣ
ʦ˵Ҵͷӡѵͼйأ
ʦͷõһ֣ĪĻԵҲΪ飬ûõľ˿ܻᱻϮճΪһ֣
ס
飬δ
ʱԽãȷ֣ͼݵԽԽǿڣû֪ˣ
ѲɣǱϮ
칫صһһģܹõһ֣ٽΪʵ϶Ҳνı׶ˣûҲɣ
ʦࣺɾ۷壬ɷ֣һֱ̲һһڵ壿޷
һ£ͷǣѵʦ½˵̥֡Ķ
գ̥ȴһɫ壬գ𲻵
ЩģһֱûκҲûֱʣö֮Ҳͷᡣ
˿̣ʦһᣬʱ
ƺʦ½ǵרѹһ䣬ֻûϸ˵ˡ
ʦɫصĵڿɫ壬͸ռʱʲôͬ
ͬ
ӣϸ˹ȥƬ̺һ񡭡ǰҪˣٲڵɫǡɵģ
֮ǰ壬ֻһָ̣̫ϸСҲôϸԸоǺɫģ˽ӽһСһ㣬ڣɫҲȻǻɵɫ糿̡
ԣɫʦͷɲ촦
ҡͷ
ⶫڴںܳʱˣһֱ㲻ʲôȻҲû촦û˿Ӱ죬Ҳо˺
㶯һ¡ȱһ¡һҪоעɫ壡ʦ
⡭ãһ£̧ͷղſʦõ󷨿˹ȥͬʱԺͺȱݣ

ͼ𶯣һ鼮֣¼󷨵ȱ㡣
ɨһۣɸп
ǰλ󷨵⣬ȻǿֲãʹﵽһȱݶûУڵԼ㡣
ôٿʲô仯ʦ
æ忴˹ȥüû仯ԣһ˿øǿˡ
еĻɫ壬ڸղʹͼݺһ˿΢ļڵʵܹԾ
Ӧˡʦͷÿһȱͻһ˿ӣ
סǰΪû
֮ǰôû
Ϊﵽ־磬ϸ΢仯ָƣӦֵܹġ
ʦʦ½ʮСʹȱĻɫҲ̫࣬ﲻͬ涫ļԽԽߣĸãҲͻԽԽ֮ǰֲһӴα磬þͻ͹Գ
ͺճʲô̫ัã泵ԽأȻĵԽ졣
ϲԵıκһʦ½̫ˣͼݼ𣬻ѵ󣬲Ļɫ壬ȻȻҲˡ
⡭ɫ壬
һݡ
ҲˣʦЦҡͷ¾£ⶫԽѻԽ࣬޷ö֮Ὣȡ㣬һ֣ʧȥʶ
彩ֱ
ɫ壬ʲô֮ǰҲͰˣ˿ʦһ˵пܣ
޷ʱƣ϶ԽѻԽ࣬գ˶ͼںһձûи飬ûʶ
Ҫʲô
ѵʦ㡭
æ
ǰλԼһӵһ֣Ҳν򣬼Ȼˣ᲻Ҳһֻͬɫţ޷
֮ǰҲһ޷ʧȥʶңǰ֣Ѿɹˣ
ʦͷ

ȭʦ߽ܽм
ͼݵǺã죬սǿҪʧȥĻҲҪ
ӣû׽ɫǰʱڣǱͼˡ
ܼ򵥣
ʦͿԸⲻԸ⣬òˣ
ֻҪܽʲô¶Ը⣡ͷ
Ǿͺãʵ˵˲ѡɫҪԭΪΪ࣬ȴƿΥ˹򣡡
ʦ۾𣺡ֻҪ㽫ⶫҲеͼݣڰȻҲû֮ǣ


2072 ʦڻ
ͼݣ
ƿأ취룬һֱڣΪԷĿܣʦͺǡȱΪΣĹȴûȱݵģԾȱݣ
ס
ǰ
ȱȱݴڣΪĹûȱݵģ
ȻǸα⡣
ԡڵȱԺȱȱ
һһ뷨ð˳
֮ǰΪ߻ħһΣظĵ׹һ
νֻǾһˣ磬ͬνȱݣȻҲͲһˡ
ԡֻ֮Уѡ
δЩ˵ʵѵʦ㣬Ѿ򣬴ڰˣ
Ѿڰȥͺ͵ʦһеã̤߾磡
ʦĿȻٴοôξӦã˰ɣ
Ĭ
ʦݣܳʥɹ̤߾磬ӵڵʵ
ѲɣԷ˵ģ
ֻͼݣߵĸԶƣ
ʵͼ뾫һβ
ͼݣ꣬ںһԣ׻Ҳܶͼݣ̽ȱݡǿԷָͼɴڣô
Ҿ֪ô
ʦЦЦ˵ѣʵʮּ򵥣ҪֶΣ
˵λ죬ֶͬΣ
ǣʦͷǵʱʹõģˣӦ֪ˣԣȱߡ
Ȼô©ȱݣΪҵģ
ʦ˵ˣϣջʧȥңеһ֣Լ붼Ϊλ죬˴ۣõ
òܻǺõģҡÿ˵׷ͬ㡢ң׷ش磬ΪһףԷϣֻˣĿⲻͬҲͲͬ
ʦ͡
⵹ǣ
ͷ
һ˵ĸֲͬԺĳɾͿ϶Ҳͬ
ִ󣬳ɾͽԽԽ󣬸Сֻû취ߵĸԶ
ͼݣҪ̳ڼ̳С£̫ɣ
п꣬ü
ȻλͬķҪǹļ̳Ͷ𰹬м롣
˿ƿأν룬ʱڣӦҲˡ
㲻õģʲô
һЦʦһ

ڣ̳һ̳ڿС
㽫̳ˣ
ǲš
ԷһеסλαǿߵĽԼ˵Ȼ̳Ҳ˳ߡʵֱֲ
м̳УûжŹ룬
Źļ֮ҵרѧҪ˳ʦЦ
ǺãھͿʼɣͷ
ţ
Ӧһʦһһѱڼ̳ϷͨɬļԣһһŻͻأ˳
ȥɡ
Щʦ
ͷֱ̳˹ȥŷûԶʦ𣺡ȱæؿڵĵ׹ҡ
׹
ͣ
ղʱҿˣ׹Щ֣סͼݣ뿪壬Ȱ㱣棬ͼݣԹ黹
ʦ
Ҳá
û̫ɣ׹⿪˹ȥ
ӹ׹ʦĿһ΢΢һЦսָкɣ
ǰһٴͣ¶һ˿֮⣺ʧȥͼݣҲ°ɣ
ͼѾںһ𣬶ԷȻĵǲġ
ڵӣӦ֪£
ʦʧȥ򣬲Ҳĺúõģ
ͣһ£޹ǣһΣϷ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬һὫ̶棬ģֻΪ˷ֹɡ
ȥʦ˿һץ
¡
һǿͬʱһһڣڼ̳Ϸһܶ
û뵽ҪԼü
ʼˣ
һЦʦǰһͬһ̳Ľ£һŻ棬ȼն֡
ԡҪҵͼݣȡڡԷĶﻹףһ̲ס
֪Ѿˡ
Цһʦɬٴ𣬼̳ϵĻԽԽҫۡ
Ϊʲô㲻˵Ӱձɿ𣿡
˼£ֱס޷ѣѡ
ǻӰûⶫγɾ͸ߣѵΪƾ츳ܹɾ飿ƿ磿
ʦһЦˣ
Ȼ
ʦߵԹԽȱңһṬҪ׽ᣬʱ㣬ʮСЩףϧλƻˡ
Ṭ
һ㶣֮ǰļ䣬Ժ
ṬˮʦµԼһҸ棬û˵꣬;ơغסԼöԷ
ʱ;ãǹΪֻ֮ǳţʡ
ڿھԼ
ҪǽԼѣпܵʱͱǰλͼݡϾˮҪ룬Ǻ׵ġ
ҪˣյĽ֪
ʱΪŪþͻɢٲ
ǵģ뿴һǧʮ£ʦҸ棬ϸʣһǧµķʣҶˣ
˵龳λԽռĹʥʹˣ
ЩһЩӿԺ̲ס
龳Ӱټҵ۵ռڣһͷʥصʹϲȥʱԷ˵ģǡ
֪ţһֱɣǲƽˣ֣ûκιϵɹǹҲ֮ϵ󣬴˿̲ףпͨˣ
Ϊʦʦ½Ȼ֪ͨʲôط
ҲΪʲôλʹʫҪõѪ
ӵпʦѪͳһԷõ츳϶üҲͻܵǰλӣ
һֱǸͨڡ
ʦҲϡ
ͨǱߣɶѧͺ󱲣㡭ǵ
ɲš
ǰλʦ½ʱΪ˷ֹϲԵˮȥ޴˺ϧѧʬѹӰټҵˣ۵ռ䣬
Ϊ壬ܹõķչ
Ϊεϲ֮ȴȥϧնɱʫ
ԸԼ⣬Ͼȱ򣬾㲻Ҳ϶ˣ
ֻҪǰλ룬϶ܹ߾磬ֱƿϲԵ硭
Լĺ󱲣ӵĺ󱲣ȫܲˣ
ʦ½ˣػȵ֮ʦôϲԣ仯ôࣿ
ȫǱһˣ
㡭ǿʦ
۾


2073 ʦ
Ȼǣ
֮ǰţʦͱˣΪʲôǣ㵹˵˵ﲻǣ
ʦػô£
ҡͷ
ûʦ¼ʦһ·ܹαװһʱʲôûܹαװһ
׶
ػ󣿹ɱ㣬ɻػ󣡡
һЦʦҲϻеӿ죬̳ϵĻ棬ƺҪȫû
һֱΪֵһ𾴵żû뵽棬˲
µδţҡҡͷ¶ϧ֮ɫ
ͼݣϾͻϣҲΪʧȥƿأ⵽ѹǡӦһθпˣ
ʦΪ⣬
ԷͼݻţԱ֤ܵ˺һͼ룬⵽ѹôܣ
һΣɲһ
һ̾Ϣ
ʦһ㶣ĿеδڣӺδ
æȥ漴һڲԶŨŨʧ
һֱԿʦΪĿżû뵽˺ƷкԸ񣬾Ȼˣ
㡢㡭
û뵽Ȼðһλʦǲš
һֱҪץңҽУôܲǰ׼ֻҵķˡ
ҡͷ
ͨŴȥѰǰͽ˿ռָУ˳
ҲΪˣʦռʱ򣬲ܱ
ڸղʹͼݣڻɫϢӣֻǽ˱׻
αװӶԷİţֻҵ𰸣𰸳֣ޱȵʹ
ܺãܺãѡˣûô򵥣һСˡʦ׹Ȼ֣ǾͱˣѵΪʱ˳뿪
¡
һʦӻ˳ǿϢڴڼǿռ䶼ܲסʱ
һоͿ˰λαǿߣʵǿһֹ
ҸҳȻûô뿪ҡͷҪˣʡǲѾƿˣ
Ӹӣ֮ǰӰ֮ǰλӰӡ
֮ǰʿѾɱ˸ɸɾѹϲԵĹ֣๼ֻΪϲѰҳ·ѣûδͨҵƿ֮¡㲻ҲӲҵ׷ɱ
ʦҧ
ν֮Ӱץ߶Ҳ
ĿľΪˣͼݣȡΪԼĶ
ûˡ
ٶ˵תͷڼ̳ϵķ
֪ˣ
һΣúһһ̣Ѿס˳䵽ǰ
ͬʱͷųȫѨХȻͶĿʦһҲﵽα񾳣

ţꡢֵܡλޣԼеȫ˳ڿС
ܺãƹȻ࡭
ʦһЦңǲ
УǰһһѹꡢֵԼ˵ϣһܶ
ͬαЩ޳һȣ̫ˡ
ǲҲ㲻ʲô
ЦಣһǰȭͷֱӴȥ
أ
ͿʦսһܵĿռ䲻ͣѡ
ͬ򲻹˿α񾳣ʦȻ˿ټϲ֮ʦǿƥʱڣҲκβˡ
һôôǿ
ս˼Уʦš
Էӽϲԣ͹עˣȻΧ£ûгɹʵΣ֪ĺ
ɶʱðһҡôǿ
˼ǧˣվϲԵ۷壬ܵУȻҲܽǿߣɱɾԼȡ֮
ɼˣʤͷ
ô£
һΧ
𾪣ָһ㣬⿪ܵѹƣαޣվ
¡
ͷαޣʮα񾳵ıɴˢˢʦͷѷ֣ʱܵסôǿߵĽ
ֻһ£ͱؿڣ˳ȥˤڵء
ɱ
һе֣ٴγ˹һȭ
Ҫռ䡣
Ҫұѹǧ꣬û׻ָټϣֳΪƾ㣬ҲңߣˣҵĵطҪɱңûš

һΣʦһ˲˺˿ռ䣬ʧԭأտҲû˰ټ
ߣ
ʧͫһһ
ıȫʧһ̣Ҳʧԭأ˷Ĵָ

һȥ
󷨵ıղѾˡ
䣡
ǰû뿪ͱը޴ضҪ˺ѡ
û뿪ķһڵĿռѺֱۣն롣

ըķһ𣬼ǰС
Ҳҿһ£ͳܲסֱˡ
ϳھȻôĻ󷨣ݡ
ڷǰǰĿռ䣬ͷƤ顣
ղҪǷӦ죬ֱӽ˴ָ£ѾǰĿռˡ
ңȥǧˡ
Ըһ
ͷܿȥ
ıըͨܲҲٻĲˣܿյģҲ֪֮ǰûˣѾȫ
Ѿˡ
תһȦδҵʦǰ
ʦʵǺǿһ֮ˣôα޺ͱĻȷʤ
ԣ˴󣬾Ȼֱˡ
Ρ
ҲûֶԷϢӦúͷ˵һˣ
ֻǡʦӣǰ붼룡
֮ʦʦ½ĵһˣʷû˸ҷϺĨɱĴڡȻڻң⸱ģ
ǰ붼룡
ϢȥĻʦãӰټң̽ĵˣ
ĵ׹

ʦˣ׹
ǼٵģʵӳֺҾͻɣͨ⡭ȻҲȥˣ
ЦЦ
ӸӿʼͻɿʦˣȻ˵ȴ˲²⣬Ȼˣôܽĵ׹Է
ⶫظʱǧժ£ôɵΪնԷϵˡ
ٵģƭʦ
һ㶡
£֪Ҳû佻
òơǣص£𶼲ѶϢ
Ҳ֡ڿӦ֪׹Ӻζкɣ
ҡͷ
˵ʵٵĵ׹ʢŵľѪΪƭû뵽ԷȻû
ӣԷƿص򣬲ͼһƷαȱݡ
ɻһڶ
ѵû
˵ǽԲ̨ϢոͻƵα񾳵ĺˡ
ʲôü
Ŀʦ˵


2074 ̳ô
üϢȫͬ似ﵽͬս޵С
Ҳλݵ֮ʦ
۴һ㣬
Ϣͬαװ似⣬ͬսαװˣ
ղҪǷͻαټôαޡܻʤ
Ҳ˵Էͬսֻǿ
˭
οͼ̽鲻Էȷݣλĳǿߣкܹͼݵ£
һͿʦֹΣʲôˣ֪ĺǰλܺͿʦͬģͬϢңãƾЩޣ֮ܽܣ
˵
˵
տʦǰľս޲ʤ޲ˣʮͷα񣬿Գɹ
꣬ץһӣȫװ֪֪Σգȴ޷ˡ֪Ϊ˵ӣȴ֮һĶ֣ȴ쳣ǰ˵ľٶ
˽ŵȱǺǿ󣬵Ҳ˿ĶûУ𡣡
ͷ
ÿʦĳɾô򣬹û
Ȼһ֣ܹԼģŪûᱻͬǿʦĻβ֪
ԼֶĽˣԷ϶ҲС
ɡǿʦֻ˭
ôûãȳܹ֪ܡ
ղŵļ̳ѾλʦߣҲûʲôĶҵ۵ռĳڣ뿪νͨܲŷ֣Ȼھʯһٹĵط
ôľ룬һֱû˷֣صȷ
ŽʯˣȻͨѾʧңԶٴʧҹ֮УҲټ
û£
֣ȫš
ͨأѾαĺ䳤ϵ˻ˣʼûΪΣգ׻زû뵽򣬷ӽʯ·ɹ
˵͹׷λأ
һܣ
Ͷͨ˿̾Ȼʧȥټ֪ȥ
ǽͨŲãǾ뿪ˣߵļΪæȥģ
ãü
ӣԷӦͨʲô֪ⷽԼնɱǵţǰˣ
ѾȥʮʱңӦҲˡ
ǿ֪ͨţβܽʵ
ͬʱҡͷ
Ҫ֪Ҳڣȴһˡ
϶ͨţͨ
˼
Ȼʦܽȫͨˣ˵϶Լķͨ
Ȼÿֻһ죬ʱ
ͨʧҲûκ壬˴ӽʯȥûصƽ棬أӭ
Ϊ˲չ¶ʵδ˵ǵ̨һֱغ
Źɺ;£
һʵ
˲֪֪أڶԷãӦܹ֪һЩ
ûأҡͷͨţӦҲַ֪ܽɣ
Ц
ϣ̫ˣȷ˵أ϶Ҳ֪顣
ȻǹͳΪ֮ˣҲڣͨ޷֮
ǡѥ֪ʲôֱӴռ䣿
ͣһ£򺮽ˡ
ٿʦѥռ䣬ͨܲҵƵƷҲڽʯϴµϣٴν
ռ䣿
˵ֻдﵽľ磬
˵
飿ҡͷ
ϲܹ飬λʦˣܻԼͼݡ
ͨźʦ½֪츳⣬Ӧǣ磬ͬȱһֿ˽ʣ
ûֶﵽα۷壬츳ǿҲܳɹ
ԡɾ飬ܴռ䣬𰸣˵ûá
Σ֪βҵȻض֮ʱһ֪һǿ
˵أ
˵æ
أռ䣬£ȷû취ĻɣСǽıݣ
һĶͷ
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ռ䣬ʲôܱȵеļ룿
ΪأַԽıݣֻͬһĻ϶ʮּ򵥡
أҪʹִҪضм̳һͨ룬Խˣ͵һ࡭
ʦ½ץͭߵʱʹùּ̳ɴһ˴͵һ
Ŀԣͨţɽ

䲻֪λʦܵΪ˰ȫĻʮ֮˾ţٴλص
ֻҪȥ̳Ҳ͵ȫִ͵ķԼ뵽
ǹ
ٳɣٻصǹ
ҵϡ
֮ǰαװɹʹõļ̳
̳ȡ˳ȡּҪı
ȻֻͨϣԼ֪ļ࣬ʱ䲻ȼһӶ
̳ϷƬ̺󣬱ȼմδ뿪ɴԭء
ӣֻǼ֮ܽдͣļ̳һЩСļ뻹ԣ
һΣεҡͷ
ٿʦߵǸ̳ǹ֮
ʣµļ̳һЩС뻹ԣҪһɾ۷ǿߣ͵֪ĵطͨµϣͿ϶ˣ
Ǹ̳п
Ρ
ҪҵҲ˱ˡ
Щ̳̳ͨ͵ķҲûˡ
ү̳ͨǲԣܻʦ½õǸ̳Ӧÿ
أ廰
ʦ½ļ̳
һ㶡
԰
̳شϲԽʦ½ܲǹǸЧȴ˿
Ҫܹõͨ룬ȫԹͨļ̳Լ͵
ֻǡ
̳ʦ½βܻȥ
ؽУöм룬ŵԳɹˣʦ½ΪһȵʥڡԼֻɾ۷壬֪ļ̳ʹãҲ޷ȡɣ
ʵҪȥҲûôӣ֪뷨أ
ü
أ˼Ƭ̣ʱϲԵʦ½ͨǷסģ޷ֺͨʱռ䶼˱䶯ͨѾѺۡүʱȻֻͨҪҵʱǸͨȥѡ


2075 ŵϲ
ͷ
Է˵Ĳ
֮ǰʦ½ϲԵĿռͨʦԼѧʬ£Ҳóɴ޷ͨġ
ֺʱն˶©ԣܽϲԣ磡
ֻҪ˵һҵڣȷ»صʦ½
ʥسܲסĿռ籩ڴ˿̵˵Ѿʲôˡ
ڣûôҵɣ
ҡͷ
֮ǰʹλʦ˿һĳռڣ½ôҪҵôס
ϲԵλãǲѰңʦ½λãүӦ֪ɣ
أЦЦ
Ȼͷ
Ӱټڵ龳ڡ
أȻˣȫԣ취ͨӹʣֻҪλü룬ߵˣͿܸܵٻӶҵڣ»ȥ
Ŀһ
ǳӹʣŵ֮һȷõİ취
ιͨ½ӹʣѣǹӦ
ͷϺ´һ˹
½紫ѶϢķУҪ̳ҲֻܴѶϢˡ
Ŀģ´ϵ
ҪݵѶϢ취ݸӹʣһº󣬽м룡ָһ㣬һݹȥ
´ϴӦȥ죡
ǹʦ½壬ѶϢݣˣͬ룬سɹ
߰ɣ
Էкأ
ȥģأһ㶡
ҳֵʱƽķΧͨλã벻Զһӹʼ룬ҲܿЩϻȥ
䲻ȷͨľλãϲԺƽΧڵǣµĲͨӦþ벻Զ
Ҳܱȡ
;ͷ޴ߣޣǹһٿʦЩҲֵܵ
ЩأޣƽķΧӶȥ
;ͷޣﵽα񼶱𣬱óٶȣȫ֮£ԼУҪĶࡣ
ֻ죬͵ƽķΧ
ߵǹӽʮ죬˿ֻ죬α޵ٶȣȻ¡
ǡ
ջ޳أסΪǿĽֵϡ
һǰû̫ı仯һɣƽµĳ֮ǰѦٵˣҲܵӦõĳͷ
˵𣿵λһŵѣͽ
˼λѣƽǹš¥Ĵŵ
ǰСӶСӣƽ۵ӣͨ׿˵ˡλ
ʮ꣬ͳôôã
ɲ˵Ѿʦˣ˸ˣͳõģҶȥˣ
˵ˣҸڵԱ⣬˼ҲʮĸŮӣرƯ꣬Ӣ䲻µʱҲ˻ԣ
˻ԣΪ߲ߣ
Ͳ֪ˣ˵ƺأûʲôΪɡⶼüˣҲ֪
Ȼ֪ЩˣʺҲᣬҲҪȥߣһֱڼˣ
ǰլûǰ;ģ

Χ۵
΢΢һЦ
Լյʮ죬ȻѾ½ƫԶĵط֪ˡ
үȥң
ȥЩۣأʵ
ǰλƺߵܳΪ˵Ļġ
ʦ½ˣϲԣҲͬ
ȱż´ϴѶһº룬ʱӦòˣҸĵط󷨣Ӧ̳ҵ

ʦ½ϲʮʱöԷһº룬ﲻңʱá
ȥǱߵɽϰɣ
һܣأָһࡣ
ͷ
ǣнҲɽ
뿪УɽϷһУɳ˵档
ָӦ󷨣·ϣרƳģǰźŽƣԽܼȷϷλԼäĿѰҪ׵Ķࡣ
ú󷨺ȡһìм䣬ͬʱϵһ
һ̤ת
ûκζ
ŰɣӦûûʼ
һۣ
룬̫ܳãʦ½죬ϲҲĸʱѡ
ֻǡôܸպò׽ԷӶҵͨȷλá
ԭأãͻαĹ
֮ͬʱڣһĸۡڣһŮӣ۾
λˡ
һǰ
ʲôط
Ůüëһ£ܿȥ
ǰԺ䣬ʮİǰȫͬ
ǣǼүԱ⽫Ǿȹġ
æ
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һа˸ˣȫˣԺ˵ͷ
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⡭
֣˳һ£ǵ˵ͷȴ·߳䣬漴˻Եİ˸ˣȫ˹ҲԺ
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û¾ͺãЩأղ̽һ£пռ˺ѵĺۼûмĹ򣬺ѻָŮ
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Ƕһ
ʣ°ˣҲԼһͬʱ
εƣصĶ࣬㣬ûм깦Ҫ׻ָҲ
һǰʦһ˽ϲԣҲͬˣҲ֪ںûУȥ
֪Ƭ̺Ů¶ǡ
ʦ࣬϶ģȺһŮӣ
ǰʦ࡭ȵŮӣͬ˵ͷ
ԣʱ٣ʦ½ͬ
ͻȻȺУһüڵ
ʱٲͬ
ȫһ㶡
ǰλѪʱ䣬ʱȻС
ţԵȣҼһ¡
껺۾˴Լ˫ۣĿд˷ܣʦ½ʮҲͻ˵һ죬ʦ½ʮ죡
϶ܹϳˣʦ½µľλ洫
šӱ֣ԬΡ·塢κ̡žͿʫ
ϲԣһµʱ䣬ʦ½Ѿһࡣ
ôʱڣȫ˹ʥ۷壬޷ͻƣôãʦѶȫޣ֮£е龳ҵʫһͨ
ʦŮţϲԺʦ½ʱģž
ʮࣿ˼˵ʦһ£
۾һô̵ʱ䣬ʦӦúһûкãпҲڣ


2076 
ʦ츳Ƕ֪һʱ䣬߸ãƿ϶ãһЩˣֻһңƺһɱǣ޷뿪
ϾǸȫµ磬ʥأʦ½Ժ绽꣬ʲô㲻ϣ
ţʣ
뵽㣬ſԶˣͷһǵˣʾʦõĸм֮飡
ǣȥʱ䲻һ˴˹ǾȣλôأȻôˡ
䲻óҽеҽʦרſ£˵ļˣûмµʱ䣬ѹѣż죬ȻȫѹΪûô򵥣
ѲɣҲĵһҪʱת
лԱľ֮
ʦþͬʱȭ
ˣֶΪ֮ûʲô
ԱǺһЦ
˼䣬ŲڣʵʦأЩǲ֪ǣһطɷʦ֮ڣ
ʦãԱգգ۾δ
ͣһ£֮һƽϽ
ţ
һţֱƽ󡭡Աϸһ
˻Ȼ
ȷϲˣʦ½ȫͬȻͬ硣
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֣
ȫһ㶣ʣ°ˢˢмһꡣ
ͬ
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Ҳ֣Աһ£漴ȻʧЦͬ˺ܶ࣬ýţ
½ֵ֣ģֹǧ֣ͬ
ǰֻǾЩӹס֣ͷ
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֮һŵ˳ǿߣȻһ
ӹףҪ˵ֽе˶࣬¥λй֮޲ԱЦ
ѵֻ֣Ҫӹףö֣й֮޲
Ȥ֣¶ζ
ŶԱЦ

˽ĿȫϣԱҲ쵽˲ԾɻĿôѵǲӹףҪҾãֻ֣ҪüȻ֣֣Ҳ˵ֲֻǸпһ¡
ɫںڣǸҲ
Ƥһ飬Աһѵһͬ
Ƭ̣֮̽п˽С
㡭֪ס
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ƽ
ֵŵ˴סˡ
᲻
ʦһʱ䣬ôܳΪ֮һƽ
ܵΪҲҪﵽɾ۷˰ɡ

ղźѵʱԱ˵һЩȼα񾳣Ȼ֪ɡɡɾ󾳽磬˵ĺ
ܳΪһ֮ΪҲﵽɾ۷壬ʦһ£ƶ֪û
ʵλʲôģ֪
ҲͶʮģ˵Եһǰˣǳڵĵ˻ȥ֮ҡһƽ
˵ľԱǳݣˡղź˵ģ֣ʵһαװģĻҲ˵ʱƽ¥ڡǹĴŵ֮ΪµһˣΪ

µһˣ
Ƥ鶯ŵץͷԬҧͷû֡
ʱɵҲȷϣԷе϶ʦˣ
һҲͰˣܲαװ֣Ҳͬɣ
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ЦֹʶµĲӦǵʦ
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ܻҪͷԱ⣬͵ƽ󡭡
ϸѯã֪Էеȷǵʦŵ
ףϾȥ
Ա⼱Ҵ뿪
Է˵ģλ״ӣΪˣ϶ˮǴߣһ·˳ˣ

ɽ˰ʱȻìϵĺƮָһ
վ
ָŵķ򣬾Ȼӡ
ѹֲڵλá
֮ǰѯʹ죬ιҲרǸطʲôû֣˰죬Ȼӡ
󷨲УƽҲѾ졣
Ͼˮ
ͳìսָأֱָķ򣬷˹ȥ
ֱȥ
Ӽϰףܿӵףü
Ĺ۲죬Բٹڣһ糣ƽĺûκ
ү
أҲûȻɻĿ
Ѳɣղŵ󷨴ˣͨڴˣ
ż
һ£һѪҺָ⣬ָһ
ˣ
һԭɳĺӵף̲һʯųǰ
ǰһơ
ʯźȻ򿪣һڵͨǰ
˽ȥԶأǲ⣬ЦͨǿʦӡߣΪ˷ֹϲԵˮй¶϶Ҳ˶ӦֶΣҵѪҺȻͿʦм𣬵ͬʦӦһĹͬԣԣҵѪҺԼصķӡ򣬵ҵĻ϶޷ҵ
ʵʦڶӵһ֡
ֻأй¶ˡ
أȻ
ͨ£ʱ䲻һĴߡ˸ʥصĻںȾơ
ɵ͹Ѻʲô𣡡
ʵ̫ˣ
˵һ磬ˣΪܵ͡
ǺܵͣǶˣȥ
һߺȾƣһ߶
ЩӦǡʦˣ
ǵĶԻһӡ
ûӦ˾ͱɷɻҡ
ȻǷӰټ˵ʼǸ޴ţй¶٣ɱˡ
ʥضѣƾڵʵֻҪ֣κκۼ
м䣬Ǹ޴Уһˮɽȥ֪˺δ
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ʦͨʱ򣬾͵Ļ˶ڶڡԣᱻֱӴ͵ڵط
һ£Ȼ


2077 ػʦ½
Щ·м̳͵İڣǳڣʵϣҪ˹Ϣľͱ͵ǵط
ȻԼ˻ԣЩˣƸȥ
ֻǡطأ˿ʦҵѪҺ޷α񶼷ֲˣڷ˭
ԽԽͿˡ
Ҫ˵ͨأϲԣҲ⣬ʦ֮£϶ǲԸ⣬˲Ӷֱʡ
ȻˡΪϲԵλʦҪʦ½ˣûһ֮⣿
ؼǡأǲ֪ЩƵ˼ǲ֪˻ᱻͣ
ܺ˵ġǼٵĿʦ
֮ǰ˵ЩǣҲЩˡ
ĻܣԼµĶԼҲ֪ǡСƼһʧȥ˼䡣
˵СƼٴγΣͨϵʳͬ޷ͻƵα
ַ˲¼֣һôͻƣԼҲ㲻ˡ
ΪѹƵʥأȥɣ
ȷͨ𣬲û̫ˣαװתͬʱΪѹ
ʦ½ܹܵļޣǹʥأɾα񣬼ѹΪʵڣɻᱻų⣬δܹСأӵظαװƺͷαװɹʥأʦ½޷ʶԼ档
أеģᴺ䣬й¶Ϣֱӱųȥ뿪ʦ½
ͨȻռŰֿռ籩Ҫ˺Ƭ
ĹʥأܿͻᱻʶԣʱĶˣϲԶΪѹӴľڣ׾پ͵ס˷籩Ϯ
ٶȷɿ죬֮ǰ˰²ͨ˿̲һʱ͵˾ͷ
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ü
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Լ´ϴݵѶϢûȷ˵ԼҪ½磬ϲԣΪӣӦû棬ôû
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ȥǰɡ
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ܵԷ͸¶ֿУЦЦĸףףû¡
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ѯһ£ʦҲõĵطչˣԼ£ûֹңƽദ
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Ӱټд˵ĴһˣҼҼʦ
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һᣬǰĿдŵǡ
ãһ㶣ߣʦ½
뿪ʱ򣬹һˣңϲôãҲû߰
һǰ߲ã뿪ˣ˵Ҫȥ㡭ҡͷ
ңҲߵͨ
ü
ǣûͨת飬ƿʦ½Ŀռ
һ㶡
ڵΪֱƿʦ½ϲԣռҲ˲ֺҪͨͨȥ
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ߣΪеߣ𣿡ƺ˵һЩ
ǣ磬еҵֳȫˣҸףҼʦ½ĵλݣλֳȫѵ֣

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Щ棬ֻûȥ룬һ룬ˡ
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Ϊ飡
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꾲ֱʣʱ˺ѿռ뿪һ룬ҾԻ˥䣬λֳΪȼ㸲þѪι׼Žס飬£еԣҲѡߣ
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ͫһ
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ͷ
ıѱģûһҲаǧˣԣ޷뱾ģα񾳷
ԣȻܹ뱾壬Ͷ̥ˡֱ˼
ƿռ䣿ξȥϲԣ
ʵ
뿪Ҫȥ㣬ԽԽǿңܵͷųǿƺͻ˹ʥصﵽ˲֪ľ磬Ȼʦ½Ŀռ䣬ͳų⣬;һѹ˳ȥ
˼һ£þȫûס
Ĭ
͵뿪ЩƣǱռӲѹȥˮеľ
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ӣԷӦǱѹϲˡ
ãһصϲԣúôһ£ҵǹ֪֮ͨʣת㡭
Щ


2078 ټŵ
ߵ£
ΪϲԾһҪҵԼˣӦûǺ׵ġ
ֺֿʦһᣬĹ似ʦã㴫¡
֪һȥ
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֪ʱ䵢󲻵ãкѾõ̳أһƿӡֱӻصϲԡ
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ǿǰ¶˿
һ֪үĽŲûǰ͵һ޿ټʦáżԴĹȻһҲﵽվ硣
Ҫȥϲԣ
ü
ǣǿҧҧ
Ȼʦ½ƾܼԼʥǿߵݣԺ绽꣬ʱ˻ǻ롣
ϲ֣ʵУȴǳǿߣӳⷽٵʱ⣡
ǲ۷壬ܻ
ԡүֻ׳
ֱƳռϽϲԣ̫Σգû㣡޷һ𣬲ԴͨЩҩռ籩ǰã԰æƣԣ
һһƿСƼϴˮִһŽϲԺȥƽҵ֣ͻ˴ȥҡ
ֱƳռݣÿͨߣѹǿͻƵ˹ʥأɲ̫ˣǹԹͨȽϰȫ
ǿͷ
Щٶ˵һѹڵͷſһ̸еܵĿռ˾޴ų⡣
Ҫ磬ֱƳȥ

ҲֿһȻʦ½漴ɫײҪ˺ѳɷĩ
ĶЩɫ棬żԼķ˳ϡ
֪˶ãǰ»ָζӼѹĿռ˳ǵϿա
Ȼɻ
ЦЦһεأȻҲЩ𾪡
ܣ֮ǰ;ԣǾò˼顣
ӣǿҪ½磬ʮ鷳ҪعԼ磬ôѡ
ȻҲӵظαװƺαװйأȻѹΪ޷ɱʦ½²һ룬ͻᱻųƬ̶ͣˡ
ȿڲ
һǡ
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ڵĸۡ׼ޣӣǴ뿪ˡ
ٳɣֱ˹ȥ

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һˣͦŶӣǰĿдɻ
ǣܹ޵ļ̫࣬⽭ɸպһѦ군Ǽޣߣٶ죡
ˣԱҵһΡ
ҲǾ˼𣿡ԱЦ
˵ˡôţҲ͵һײˣ⽭Ц
ĻҲֻһһһܲãȸˣܵõýɣ
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⽭һ£˵Ҳһλ߳ϡЦҲҪи޶ȣô೤ϡ£
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״ӣ涺һ£⽭漴Цµһˣ֪˶ѧȥʣѧԳƸѧϰģûһҲаǧģǰ죬Ұץһƥһд֣Գѧ

Աһ
ǰҿ϶ƭӣƭǮģû뵽㻹ϵˡ
⽭ɺߵ룬Ϊ״˭ҵ˭ҽˣôôɣһȺ˶һ˾ˣԾǼٵġ
Ա˵
ȷе
νӣ֣һ֮ԣԼֱ治һǼٵأ
ȥΪ㵱ҴЩƭӵĿ
ѱƭ⽭ɴһڣͦ𣬺ߵ
Ǿˡ
Ա˿æȭǰ·ҵŵ˵Ժ˹ȥ
Գѧ
Ժӣˣ⽭ɸӼԼ뷨һЦ
ŵ΢΢ü
ʦ½ÿһǺ绽꣬𶯵ĳԷһȫЩá
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⽭Цǿ֪ðĵӣǺ˵ƽ󣬴˿ϱ¾ǳԲ˶ߣ
ҵȲδð䣬ȷϵҵȶʦ
ƢֱӺͶԷʫǰһȭ
ȷϵʦſڴƻƣ˭᣿ǿ֤ݣ⽭ɵ
ʫĬ
ΪܹϲԣǴָ֮࣬ûЯκαݵƷûУ˵óԷҲδʶ
ô˵˰ɣ
⽭ɴһڣҪð䣬Ҹϻߵӣţðĵӣ湻ġ
ʦĵӡ
֣üëһǲá
ˣҿɲԱ⣬ԱŪҪʦĵӣһ˵Լʦʦأˡ
ٴߣ⽭кˣƭץ͵죬һ˵ʦŶô֪
ʲôˣһ£⽭ɼæ̧ͷ漴ӰڿУһ꣬һЦĿ

һϥ̲סڵأͣ£ŵòûιȥ
ѦֵôȥˣҲҼλòǰλһģһοԷڷС
ɾǿ߲ܹɣԷݲԶ
ʦ
𾪲ͬŵ˿еӰȫۿһ죬Ҳˢˢݵڵء
ţܿˡ
ЩӣѾɳزĵ˵ͷһŸƿǷ˹ȥ
Щҩˣ
ǡ
ͬʱͷСƼϴˮƬ̺ȫеڵȫޡ
⡭ǹʥصΪ
ȫһ⽭ɺԱûιȥ
ǰߣҪˡ
ǳҲʥΪǰЩꡢŮȻʵ
ҿλɣһûԼղ˵׾ͱšӣɱˣ
һ뵽⣬۾졣

ţзգװ


2079 
ǰ״ӡ
ֻһδʦ½һʱ⣬ӣ۵ϣȫó͸㣬ΪҲ˺ܴͻƣδԼ̵
߰ɣ
һץͬʱָһ̧һڿУӭͳգ۹ʹﵽһٶף
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֣ǲ֪˿𾪣漴һڵأ̧ͷ
α½ʷϣҲֹֻһڶչǰܵĳ֪
α
⽭ɸˡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾȷݣ֣ʵ˴½һ˵ĳƺš
״ȻԼɣԲѵ˵Լʦ
޲Ҹשͷײ
ɪɪλƽϸղУԷ
Ա⣬ҾλӣûֻҪĺ󱲣öƣȥƽ󣬾ͿԵõõ
УһöƴӿƮԱġ
л
Աٴΰݵ
ⶫǣƣûκμκ鷳Լѡλ󱲣ֻҪƽ󣬿϶Էɻڴ壬ˡ
սƣٴ̧ͷֿȻտҲӰˡ
кñԺҪ£·硭
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״ӣ飬ǰλѾǰ;
ҲãؼǣҪ̬¡ԱЦ
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ЩƷԪЩרÿһʣΪʦƵģȡͻɾҲðʦ
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ﵽݣټϣ֮ǰּٰҩмö֮࣬ҪӿͻƣΪʡ
Բ̨ϵϢֻдﵽɾ۷壬ЧĿǰŵ˵Ϊ̫ˡ
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죬үүȥ˿̵ΪȻﵽɾ۷塣
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ĺɾڸԷԼأδż뿪Ҹ侲ңչС
Ȼļ̳ˣѾȥǹͨŹǸ̳ˣԲʱ
ǿǿƣټλʦΪѾﵽα񾳵۷壬Ҫȳҽ鷳Ϊһٳαɹ
ֻдﵽ־磬ܺλʦ·磬ܽ˳ɹڳΣա
ûгαĶӦҪ㣬ͱ봴Լķ
ֻǡ취ѣ
ǵѾڴУôˣûаͷ

һΣͼݵĴ䣬ЩĸԼԺ˳˼
̫͵ķѾ
ͺõͣ޷ˣҲ޷ӳǿһ
ѾȫγһϣóȻͻƣҲʵµ
ԣĹﵽҲҪС
̫࣬ȲܵˣԺҲѡ
ȻҪһҪãȡһٳɹ
ʦ˵ȱͼõʱˣϮʧȥҡӦû˵ٻ
ҲλʦǲģԷ˵ĻϸãӦò١
ʦһҪԽͱ롣
ֻܵƣԶͣͲǰ
ȱʲô
˼оʱš
ΪԽԽߣ϶û취ô๦ؼˣңڵĻɫ壬ҲȷԽԽ࣬ʹãпܺͿʦ˵ճΪĿܣ޷ѣ
죬ڷɹԲȣԭһ
ϲ죬ڣѾ300죬ӽһꡣ
൱һʱ䣬һֱûϢƣ۾죬ΪѴﵽɾ۷壬˵ùˣͱˡ
ַС
ҲС
һ㡭
ֹ죬˲һûгɹֻ÷ص
ʮ죬ڴУȴ࣬ӽꡣ
񼫶ƣ
첻ͻƲα񣬼ȥҲͲˡ
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ʦ½ýĳϣ֪ͨ¥ŵڣȥߵϢˡ
Ϲֹȥ˽ӽʮ죬ӦòϢˡ


2080 
Ǻ¥Լǹɳʮ˵½гУδ֣
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Ȼ˵Ů飬Ƴʦ½˸ߵ磬кܴΪΡûϢ
ĴŵϢŵģȻ˵ûĲڡ
ƿʦ½ռˣûϲԣȥ
ȥɡ
鲻Ҳûа취ҡҡͷĵطȥ
ʮʱ䣬˶˼Ľš֣ȾŴӣȻﵽɾ
ԬģҲﵽɾ۷塣
ڰ䣬ɹͻƵɾƽ󣬶۷ǿˡ
Ŭܿ죬˿չأֵ
үһҪΪСǿҸ㣬ô꣬һܲڣɽҰɣ
һŵĲҺһӴԺ˽
ǿ
һѾƽ
ӵıҼɽܳ
˶˵ԼĹܼңһԲϾͳ֡
ܳϲԵǿߣΪҲոմﵽʥأǿ󣬶֮£˭Ҳ˭үأȫǰ
үһﲻ֪ðģԳĹܼңҶֶšܳҲʾ
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ô˵ȻǹܼңȻֻһˣˣҪ˭ģ
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ǿϲװƣۺ£ܴܲ鷳װ˵һ첻µزµģΪܼң׸Լ¡
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뵽㣬һĵ׻һضĹȥɣȱһƷȱݣֻи飬عɣһͷţ˳ԣ˳޷԰Ρ
ܶйɣ԰չȥع

عɣΪżСţлԼӦϲǣȴϲأ
½Ҳв٣ȴϲ϶Է
ܹƣ˭ȥƣ
ϧ޷ƵľǸ飬˳ԣ޷԰εľ
ȱݣȱ
УҺܶ࡭ȴ֮ͣУ֪ȴ֮¡ˣȱҲͲȱݣá
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ã۾һϣǰ޷ƣкξᡭԭһֱ׷ѰĹ
ڵ꣬ţǼ⣬һֱѰûȱݵĹ취Խ
ûȱݣôԽ
ٺãû⣬Ҳ֮ͬûȱݰˣԽǲɵģ
ˣӽʱ䣬һֱûгɹ
ֱ˿̣ףҴ˷
飬磬ԽԽʱĶ
Щˣమꡢǧ꣬һ޻ڡ
ЩˣΪУϧ۲ӡ
顢顢顭
ߣΪٶ࣬ĸԸ
źΪ壬һѪر
ջعʥѹͨɣʬأ겻ơ

ʦ½ĻϲԵʷ鿴ʵ̫ˡ
׺ɣʦ½ʱ⣬Ĩʦΰ˵Ըȴ޷ӰС
㣬Ψи鳬ԽһС
¡
һһӵӿ֮ǰʼ޷ͻƵαؿʱ򿪡
Сǿлˡ
۾һǰǿһЦһΣ»ص֮ڡ
⡭
Լ˵ôأүǵûлһ䣬ǿգ۾
үѲɷˣ
һ࿴һĻܳһ顭
ֻ˵˶Էһ䣬ͱͷŽţǰλ˵ĸأǵл
һ·үŮɫ޸С
Ѳɺλǿ氮
һǿģܳ̾Ϣڡ湻صģ


2081 ͻα
һööƷԪʺԲ̨ռϢܻƣγ쫷硣
ģɾ۷Ϣһӣƣɽԭƽɽٴγһɽ壡
һȥҩҩת
ɽۿһӰǿ
Ϸżȴ޷ѡ
һദĸּ䣬Ժ
λүҪӣǿĵһ仰
ǿүԺԺСǿȷΪԼ˺ĵһ仰

ʱҴˮλǿʱ̫ףҲϲװƣԼô͵ദԡϰϤ
Լһֱףܶ鶼λڴͣ꣬裬޿
㡭
һ˫𣬷һ
䣡
ɽǰĻʧûɽ壬ûǿûˣΪ֮
α񾳵Ĵţ˲ƿ
飡
΢΢һЦеָоת
֮ǰϸߣһһƫܳɾ
ڣߣԼҲضأоˣһнǹһн
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һݣͻƣһ˶ʮݡ
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ƷԪ̫ˣͻƣֶҪ󼫸ߣԣͻƵαڣʮöѾĴҲ޷
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飬Ժ֮ǰ̫ͬԣԼ

һӿһ
أ
ǰȹ̵Ŀռ䣬̳һڵѺۡ
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αǿ߼٣޳а˸ʵ֪ʮոͻƣս֮ǰԱͷα࣡
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һ;ͷޣԼͩѽǰ
ǿҡ
һڡ

αޣһα񾳱ɺϻ󷨣Ĺڵһָȥ
Ƭ̺󣬶޺ͱʹӿеڵϣ޷
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ֻǡƷԪȥң
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һȥǹɣ
ΪͻƣûҪͣųšǿˣȫϣǹķӶȥ

»صǹĴٴμ˽µȳϣԼԴˡ
ѯһʣţҲоƷԪ̫ܹ࣬ʮöҡ
Ҳ˵Ĵȫһʮö
˼侲ңЩҩȫ̷Ϊٴ˽ﵽα񾳺ڡ
ΪԽߣҩЧҲԽ֮͡ǰʮöҴɾ۷壬ﵽαڣڣʮöҲֻͻڶѡҪ۷壬Ҫ100öϣ
ΪԽߣҲȫͬʮöƷԪɾ۷ͻƵαڣӺڽ۷壬ûһöɡ
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ĴѹϣҲʮöһöȥң
ƷԪֻαſʹãֻһλּǿߣ࣬ͨͬӵһġ֣αǿ߲֪٣ּҩ϶в٣
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ϴεĶʮöǴͨҪģطҩ϶Ҫš
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֮ǰʹⶫ±ϣ⵽ΧɱѾﵽα񾳺ڣ³λʦܵУʲô
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ͨɻܽ룿
΢΢һЦ˹
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ͻαĿǰ˵ǻܣ˶֪ʱҲɾ۷ʵʾˡ
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Ҫ100öƷԪ

100ö
ͨһλϲһѯƬ̣ûô࣬취طһӦÿԴ롭
ãȽеùʣµһ󣬹ȡ
ǣ
λϣҴ˳ȥʱƿһʮö
ţ
ĵ˵ͷ˳
ͨḧ֮ǰģܴĿʦ᲻ὫöƵȨȡû뵽Ȼá
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ȻԷ˵һʱԴʣµʮöϢһݵͨܲƣƾͻϣҲòˡ
ϾɶˣɵҲóԼĶȥʵС
ԣжҪ٣ֻһˡ


2082 ̳
ʦƣҪʮöԪרܵǹĺһ˴һᡣ
ʼû˹ɱ
Щʧ䡣
ǰ͵ҩͷģڡҩͣͷҲ͡
λʦԴӱԼĿûǰôˣ
֪ͲӢȥʲôˡ
ֵһʱֵȷˣֻ»صǹ
ʦ֮ǰ˵ѹǧ꣬û׻ָټϣֳԣʵôСȻҲᱻϻܣֻǡ˭еѹ
λʦ˵ѹǧꡭ
˵ǿѵԸˣ˭ֱ죬ֱѹǧ꣬ڲѹ
һᣬʼղԣֻòٶ롣
յõʮöƷԪ̷Ϊα۷壬ֻһ˿ʱͻơ
ܵӿȵ۾Ź⡣
ٴν˳
ζսѷ֣˿Ȼ൱
⻹ûý
ڱȷǿˡ
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Ѿú壬ȥ
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ڵʵ̫ˣЩƿӵͻαӿٶӵαʵܰˣ
˰֣Ҳ˵ָһΪЩ׼õϢ˹ȥ
ŵˣϲԵʱ̫ˣԴ㹻ҲУαкܴ롣
ȥĻ˵޷ԼпܱץסԼͶ
磬Ǽȡͻơ
֪ʦĵģŵ˲ٶ˵һȭͷ
ʦȥðգΪӣȴΪΪ޷ֱͣĪĳ衣
Ҷ֮⣬µ⣬ھʹ㡭
źӣͻȻʲôһĺ
л
۾ˡ
ЩһֱУ֮ǰ֮ͻֻһ˿µ⣬Ϳڻֱͨͻƣ
һ֮⣬ƾα񾳵ʵ޷ָٹ⣬ٴͨҲ϶ôˣ
׽Ҷ⣬Ѿڵ֮һƫˣҪѧϰȰ£Ϊڿεӣ֪ϣɷԸ⣿
һ£
Էǡ֮ܲᣡ
ҪȥΪ˺ܶ࣬λʦûаţ
һöö֮Ļ϶ûôˡ
ֻҪͽöԷʵĸмܲδطҪ״ӡ
ã
һ£ͷ
ǿз˲Ĺأ֮⣬Է⴫Ҳ
ڿѧѣ˵Ҳʲô
ͬ⣬ָһ㡣
Խ⣬̽ԷԺ
ֳֳͣ裬֪˶ãһ漴ȫȻըѣ˱һʵĳĮ
ˡ
۾졣
Ϊн⣬˲°ѧޣϧûɹû뵽ɡ
лʦȫ
ݵڵأɫ
⸱̬ȣ˿ͼݣƬ̣δ֮ᣬ̲סüͷ
ֻҪͽһöԷм֮ܲᣬΪƫƫʧˣ
Ѳɣλĸм
ɣ
֪޷ѯʣԷ𣬿һĽԴˡ
ͬķԼѱޡ似⣬ڹȥҲõ˼ĺôΪĽƣҲƺʦֻнһγ֮ᡣ
νĸмʶϵſ̶ȡ
˿
ԴˣҲмԼǱαǿߣмҲ̫
ͺʦһٷԷδػرмͯһǣ;õˡ
Խ࣬ҲԽ
ֺݿ֮ǣٴδѹյһݣеĸм֪
ʦ½õ֮ᣬףӦǡʦĻѬ꣬˶ʦĵ磬ֻҪʦȻʵĳ
ϲԣҲʦصӵʦõʦ½ȣǲһء
мҲеһ֡
п
֪֮γɣȴһֱûô⡣
֪ˣͿԴ顱Ĺһֱɾ֮ˡ
ʼɣ
һ׼׵ڶ˵

ƷȼգԶļ̳ɢסϢ
أԣǰĿռ䣬ͣŤƾճһһͨŻ
ʦȹȥΣգٴӳ飡
Ｑæǰ
ɣʵ䲻㣬ֶμ࡭ϵ
żЦЦãȹȥΣղΣգͺãҲҪȥһ
ã
Ѫڡ
ǧǰȱǳɹΡϣ
ܳɹɹȻ¶˷צôţҲۣ
ΪŴǧϣҲҪܲ

һ̤ŻǰһֱС
ǰĿռŤһЦųԼٴν˴ָ
˵һΣأпܣѾ޵֮嵽ǰ棬Ϊʡ
תǰһ
һѾ۵Ŀռ˳
ţ
ǰģ֮ǰҲǱըٵͨܲһͨӣͷ
͹ļ̳ڽ¡


2083 
ûΣգ
һͬӰڷǰ
Ϊ͹ͻ⵽αΧû뵽ӰûС
طЩŹ֣
ԽûˣԽ˲
Ӽ̳ȴ˴ԽͻȻһæǰץ˹ȥ
ƻû̳һâʱӵ˹
꣡꣡꣡
񱩵ϯ̳ܲסѳɺü顣
ҫĹâΪ̳飬ֹռţʧԭء
ۣ
أһѪɫƣ岻ͣ
ôˣ
⸱ģ˼æ˹
˳ֽ̳Ūˣжϵʦزˣأɫס
زʲô˼
һ
أǹļֻ̳һƻͨͳƻǾȥˣҲͬԷҲ޷ͨͨˡ
⡭
ȫͣ
ŵˣ۾ͬʱһ졣
زʦΣ
ǣʵȻʦΣգ
Ҫʵ
ҧĿ¶˼ᶨ

ǰļ̳ȭͷ
ӦǣԷڼ̳󷨣ֻҪԼһ󷨾ͻԶٵ״ݻ·
Ҳ˵ڿʼܶԷʲôľֻ֣ܹӦԣ޷ء
㲻һֱҪҵͼû˼̳㻹ô룿
ľתĲ̧ͷˣ
Էɳӵץ𰹬Ϊⶫôã˿ȴ֮ݻ٣붼롣
ѵԷѾҪԼͼˣ
ǰͨǻĴʣƬ̣ûκλӦ
λʦͲֺ⣬һˡ
ֻǰˡ
֪Է׸ʲôʲôĿģоͣȴֲòĸоü̧ǰȥ

ͨû̫ԶһֺĴǰ
֮ǰͬΰߴѹһ޴֮У䳹׷£һ˿͸
ü
ǰľ󣬾ͺһˮпڣһ־ڵܲʼ޷ֺ
ãˡ
ɫ֪ͨĺڰļ£ȴǰĵѹסˮķţƿڵӡ
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ȥɣ
ʲôıֻܽУѰˣһֱ棬϶ˡ
ͷǰ޴ӣ֮У罫䲻Ų˶
üëһ壬֮תӿһۡ
ǡα񼶱ı
һ
ӵļ𣬾Ȼﵽα񼶱
ͩѽģ˹ȥХռ䱻һϸߡ

ϣҫ𻨣һۼû¡
һӾô⵽ʲôط
һݡ
һͨӣþȫնƣã֮ǰ¶ֻǿ
ĴţδϣҲδرգ̧˽ȥ
ôˣ
תͷһַۣδϣü
ҹȥ
ǰһ漴еѹϮ鲻Խĺ˿ǰУˣͺǰһεϣ롣
ȥ
ĵط˹ȥտҲʲôûУɷҪǰУȴʼûκΰ취
Ƚָɣ
֣սָһת˽ȥٴϸǰͻأ֣ٴε档
һ㶡
ڴָУҲϳ
ϣЩ̫Ե˰ɣ
Ȼȥš
˼Σַһ飬޷һ룬ֻý
Է֪ǿ󣬲֪ʲôƽ롭
аԾ衣
֮ǰλʦȴҲͺͷѷְˣƿʵ˲֪ʲôֶΣԼ𵥶롣
˵漫Σգ
ǲ
סͩѽһ
Ȳ˵·˵ΪѾͻƵαٲλʦԺνƿռ䣬磬ֻ롣
ߣľʮҪ
η壬һǰ
£Է÷޷룬ǸԼһս
ϾֻһΣΣգˡ
ȫ׿̧߽
Ȼ˵ʲô
ڣһƬʲô
ǰĺڰϮĸйٺ;񣬼ۣ֮
ҽˣɱңְɣ
ֳֳܻˡ
ڴڼǻûκλش
˼һ漴ü
ղŴӴŽҲ˲ľ룬ŻȻˣ
Ҳ˵
ѾĳŹֵ֮С
ȱݣ
ǽϣһ
ʲô󷨣ʲôŹֵĶֻҪͼڣһ̽
ˣ
һԺвδ鼮֡
ܹ
ɫࡣ
λʦֶˣԼӵȱ£أ֪÷û취Ȼڸͼû취ʹã֮۶òɡ
Է뽫ԼϹӣնɱ
۾ãʶҲ޷̽飬ֻܿ䡭
нţȴţ۾öϸ
δ𣡵δ
Զˣˮε
ȥ
һһֱˮεķ˹ȥ
ˮ󺣡
һۼû£һ㷴ӦûС
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뿪˴
ü
ԷǹƭԼ
ΪҪԼ뿪˴
̳٣뿪˴Ҳزȥһֱ⡭ԣֻܰҪҵԷŹȳ֮նɱ
һ˶Էı
ھȥҲ޷뿪ֻܰնԷҪǰʲôĿģȫƿؾܼԷ
ʲôûйӦǸ󡭡
ȷ뷨ùг˼
ʲôʶ;ͼݶʹãڿ϶һ
Ȼ󷨣ܵȻֻͬҪҵɣȷġλãƽͺܼ򵥡
ķйһ飬ϸܸӦȥ
󷨣졢ĴڣȻƽ䡣
ֻҪҵеĹɣҵƽķ
ҲǴ½ϣֶΡ
Ϊʦ½ǿʦᳵ·
ԣȫͬ
Ӧһ£ܵȻȫͬûƫģ̲סһ㶡
ǰָӦһ£ͬ
Ҹ˼Ҳͬ
ѵûġ죿
Ӧð
ֻҪ󷨣Ӧⶫڡ
һ̳ġ
Ȼָ룬ģָֻҪܹӦġ


2084 
ӦУָ治ͣתʼ޷ͣ¡
̫ң̫ȶǰҵȣȫͬ
ˮһݾˮǿ޲ֻҪ˻߶룬Ȼ·
һԺ˸缤𻨡
ǰҽˣȴû˿䶯ֻ˵һ㣬Ҫô̫죬ϳҪôӦǴģ󣬸һִߣֱ治
Ȼ󷨣ûʦ½ϲ󷨵鼮֪ʶԺ£ǰӡ
ʶ
ЧӰߵĸй٣˫۽գһʶա
һɲǣǽһڰڣ˳˯
Ƭ̣·𡰿һˮ©ߡ
ˮ©ˮһεڵ棬δ
⣡
һͺҲڣһںϵ֮⣬͵ԾһΣصľ޽ˮ©ն¡

ڵĻ䣬»صߡ
۾Ȼ֮ǰֲָĵãȼգӳյͬ硣
󣬹Ȼסġ
³һףĶˡ
󷨣˳סҲ޷ӳҪƽ⣬ֻһ취ġģʶ̽ģţʶģĸӦȥѰҡ
Ͷⲻû̫ϵֻҪ鴿ľǿ󣬾ͿԺܿ췢֣Ƴ
Ҳ˵ˣ¶һϲͨҲܺһɹ
ڹ涨ʮ֮һʱ䣬ƿ󡿣ΪľʮֲѾʸڶˣ
ʦ
һʯͻأ֡
ʸڸʲô
ǺͿ
ΪԷȻѾµԼ̳ͨ͹϶׼αԼնɱζû뵽󷨣ǵڶ㡭
һﵽڸʲô
ܰû˻ش
һ̧̨ȥ
̤ϵһ̨ף̸еһѹѹƺҪ꣬ųȥ
Ӧġ
üëһǰС
ǰ˴һУѪѹơ
ͨ˼ϻ鲻Խһ
޷أҲû취ܾ
˵ʲô
ˣ
ؿڵĵ׹֮⣬ѹʱɢӰ٣ǰУܿ˷ĵڶ㡣
ͬǸĵãܵǽϣŰ˷ʰģ֣·ѹʲô
ȥ
Ű˸ˣеֳֳеֳֳеޣеģ̬ͬ졣
ûǰ͸еѹȸ͸ͼѹϣһ֣â֮С
Щ黭ˮƽߣˣʵǿǼ򵥵ļʣȴߵϣУα۷ǿߣ޷⡭
ʦ½Ȼﵽ˾黭ʦľ磬黭⣬˵Աȼʦ϶Ҳ̫Զ
ǰĻʷ򵥣ֲڣʦ½һ黭ʦܻ̺ϺͲ黭ʦˡ
δܹ
ѵǡִʣ
ֻܽôǿֽ̺ͨϣô꣬ǿ
˷ǲɫģһðͬڰƬһʧһɫײ࣬Ҳ֪ǵûüͿɫԭ
ֿһᣬûҵʲôõҲûȵʦֻһͼǰ
Ҫ뿪϶Щͼйأ취еİء
ǰǸ۾ͭĸߴ׳ֳʮ㡣
Դɣָ˹ȥ֮һ

ʧԭأһĻҰ
ͨ巺ףû̲ݣûֲҲûǽڣõһ㡣
ְɣ
̧ͷղŻˣֳ޴俴
ǡ˻
һ
λǻˣû뵽֮ԼҲ˻еһ֡
ΪʲôҪ֣
ɱڣü
Լ֪ΪΣ뻭֡ΪʲôҪ֡
֣һֱȥˡ
һֳ˫׳ͬⲻͬ⣬ѹ¡
ûǰȫһͷð亹
˵ʵȻ֮ǰԱǸα۷壬ʦֻǿ
顭
һ˲䣬׹ǰˣ㲻飬Ҳˡ
ƾ𣬸뽫ŷָ֣뾫ʧȥϵģ֪ʱͶԷһģһľ޴
û뵽ڣƱƤһ飬ɫѿûרֱ
ǹɴδӴҲûʹù
뷨ԺûԷѾǰž޴ĺƿն¡
ǹؼûнô飬ȴˣò޷ֵ֮С
һнֻȥѧˡ
似սڲᣬʦ½ϲԣ似ؼ˲֪٣һֱǴͼݣûȡˣ
Ȼֻʹⶫʹѧϰһ¡
ȷ
ͼйĹؼһ𣬾һ
һոµ鼮ǰһ㣬֪ʶʽԺ
Ȼͼݻɵ壬Σʱ̣Ҳ˲ôˡ
ЩԺ취õĻŪûᱻǰһҴ
ͼֻ޷̽Ʒȱݰˣ̺鼮ҪγȷǺ׵ġ
һ㣬һѧϰڻͨԼ֪ʶ
Դ˽⣬ϵϢȻһ䣬Ǳ˳ʵĳд
أ
ײЩ飬ԷҲûռˣҲûôˡ
ȥľҲδܹʤ취
Էֻǻе飬ܹ⣬ҪʤûôףһֱȥΪ̫ʧܣ
ϾֻҪڻУһ޾Լһۻ룬ҲĴʱ
ԷĴҵҪܽҵ似Ӧܹʤ
һ뷨ð˳
ȻѧϰɺͶԷȣɲһ˿Ҫʤûô򵥡ǣԷҲѧᡣ
Ȼںϣǿ似
뵽⣬ԥæ˹ȥ

Էѹסÿһ
ս˰Уüëһ壬¶Ź֮ɫ
ĴһֻСʮУȻЩɱܻ


2085 ʦս
ԷӣʵػһֻʮС
ͺʵֻһУܹսǧжظȫܻġ
ⲻΣмڡ
Ժнʮһ飬Щ档
Ȼ֮ǰƽһΪʮУҲҪһ˳С
ȷ
ԺѾԽͼˣһںʮУȷ˳ǰ˳תͣ衣
¡
ֻת飬͸еһԺ
ǡ֮⣡
Ƥһ
û뵽ԷĴںϽڣֱγһ֮ǰ֮һﵽļ
أ
֮⣬ǰ׳©ٳٲǶ֣оͱڵء
ǰһŷ֣վ˻ǰ
꣡꣡
æ̧ͷ漴ǰɫĻҫ۵Ĳɫʧ˺ڰ֮ɫ֮ǰǸһģһ
գ۾
ѵ뻭֮似Ϳûð
˵
ʦȡһ֣ƽĿʦȥ˰֡òɣ
˷ͼһ޹⣬͸ղ׳һһֳֳģɫʰ쵣ɫһ룬˵ӦҲ˵ùȥ
ѹʮдƽʮЩơ
Ȼ
ƽҲʮУǰĴͬղž֣ôˡ
ƽĿʦӦúͻе˴ƽ֣ԡŵõ˰֣ܴӶԷѧʮУȴʼûҵȷ˳
ŵ£ƽ󣬼㲻ͨͨţҲܵα񣬿ɾϡ٣ͨǿ޷⡣
ʮд񲻴Ѿ͵Ŀʦһһ֣
Ҫû´طӦǵʦͿʦӲĵط
ղһ£Ѿڣȡһ֣
ѹϲǧλû˳ɹҪܻеȷûô򵥡
顱Ϊﵽα񾳺ڣս˿ʦϹ½һˣ
ʵѧϰѧ˶ԷŵԻʤ
Ѷ֮󣬿֪
ˣûͼݣȥѧϰ似ûֻ飬ҳ˳򣬲ҳڻͨ
ȡ֣ԼǰУ
˼ٴʯ׳֣ӣͷ
˿̤ȥͻȻͣһ뷨ðԺ
ʱ仹硭Ȼβе֡һߣ
ӽ뻭ѧᴸԷܣʱܳʵϣʮӣ֮ǰˮ©ʱ㣬ķ֮һˣ
еʱ䣬ˡȻҪȡˣ
ϾһŵǺüܲܺ˱˰ɣ
뵽⣬΢΢һЦһɫʰ쵵ǸֳֳĻǰһ
֮ǰһУ
еˣý˹
趯֮ɢ
󣬶Էڵϣһ̯ī
ƽİֲˡһЦ
Ϊ֣󱲣ǰ̣ûɹԼҲǵԸɡ
ױɺڰ֮һʩչ似Ļǰûгɣٴ˽ȥ
Ӻ³֣ɻɫ
˵һεľ飬κͶԷֵͬʱ͵ѧȻûγٶȿֹ
ʣµķӷḻһӣȫһ飬Щʯף˹ȥ
ķ䣬ͬûлҲû֮࣬ܵƻͨһۿȥյʲôûС
ͣס˽Ųһܣʦͳɣ
Է֣ԼͣҲóˡ
ȻһߴӰǰ
ǿʦ
۾ͩѽģĮ
ԷΪҪõԼͼݣ伫Ϊٲҳ֣ȻǰҪֳ
ܿ쿴˲Ծô𲻸𣿡
ԷһѣǱ
ѵѾ֪ԼͻƵα²ǵ֣ҳˣ
Ļ˫ֱ󣬿ʦһͨ߷Ŀˣܲ򵥣սʤңʸõ֮ӵнĻᣡ
սʤ㣿Ǿɣ
ӣԷķϻͩѽ裬âֱ䡣
֪Էǿһ־ʹ֮⡣
Ҳռˣ
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̣
Ϣ˪
ǿ
мһ־֪ûС
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ͬȷҪǿô֮似£ԸԷһӦɻܲǣôû뵽·磡
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ǰλʦȻԼһҲûȱݵ似̺Ĺɣ򵥣ȴ޷ֵ
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ͺ㱾Ҫϴ̵ģڶԷеӰ£Զı̳ķ򣬱¡
类һ⻹ô
ѵ򣿡
б䡣
֮ǰ˵򣬵ͶԷսʱ򣬲δʩչҲû⣬˿̲׵ж¡
͵ʫѪ֮һһԳɷ򡭡
ҵȱݣڷǰҲûˣ
ɣίֻҪɣͬܵƲá
ԷˣԼѾеȱݣգ۹򣬶Էȱݾͱȷ˳򣬳˿϶ķ򡭡ô
Ҳͬһ䡭
ҧɫࡣ
ͬ𣬳˰ܸδ
һֻǿʦһô޷ʤ
ѵԷѾã׻ָ
ˣҲţô£
ֳָֽ似ʩչ
һ˲䣬Ǳˣһóһó似ȫ֮⾳ϲԿԿɣǧˡ
սս̱һ

ʦһЦֳֽͬʩչ似
ȻҲ˲仯ˣ¡
ͷƤը
ѵǿʦʵ
֮ǰûָսʤ
أ
սʮУüȥ֮ǰڻһΪ̫䣬Խ
۾һ֮иֳ
ֻʩչľˡ


2086 ˫˿ǧǧ
飬ǹҲ似
Ѿ⾳Ҫѡ
飬ϣ
ڤڤеٴνڣԷĽб仯ģĵطһǳɫĺۼ֯һγһ
Щۺ뱻
ЩۣңʵȴһĹɣչȥڱֶֻ֯£©
ϲϿϲŭ֡
֮ǰ˽Ĳ࣬⾳£ſԷʵĳضĹ
еĹԣ˭û취ӱܡ
ͺƵʣֻҪҵӦƵʹټӲĶ״ݻ١
Էʩչ򽣷ܲǺȱݣȴܿеĹɣӶĹɣ͹һսܡ
ͨ׵ĻͬˮƽȻ÷ḻľ齫ܣ
Ľۣγһֽܹùɣٳɹɣ͵ڽƽˡ
һ
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֮ǰһֱ֣ԷΪû֣ԭ֮УȴԼõ̵֮
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ؼǡǸĿʦλǼٵģ
ҲܽͣΪµĴ֪飬ڵĿʦƺ֪Լͼݵ¡
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еٴ¶֮ɫҾһֱǣ

ŭУһ¡
طңʱ䣬ռ˲һɫѷ죬ǰˡ
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Էһƾռ䣬ʵȻ֮ǰͷսʱǿ˲١
УûҲû̺ʹõĲ
ۻ룬ȴû֡
϶Ǽٵġ
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ȻʦԼһӵһ֣Ȼʩչ
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ûǰʦһЦӰһ½뾵ӣδֹһ㡣
ˡ
ɫࡣ


2087 ּŹ
ѹһ֮󣬾û֣Ϊ취ָû뵽ڵԼĿǡЩ֮
пܣԷһΣץԼȡͼݣ֪ܳɹⲼ֣Լ
ڶԷΪβԼǰá϶ԭ򣬲ܴߡ
λǼٿʦĻڵǵʦµģ߱ȻʲôֶΣ޷öԷ룬ͺ񡭡ȥһ
ѵ
һ뷨ð˳һһ۲Զķһקק˿ûбܾѿ;ֻΪûװƶеźŷס˿
ڲǿЩʱ򣬲һˣһҪ֮޷Կ
Щ˼ѹס¶ǡ
λʦսͲԼһͻƣΪ飬˵ԼסٶαǰҲ
֮ǰϲȱٿͻƵ壬ͻѾ˶֡
취ֹ
ֻǡԷ˺ѿռߣȲ˵ȥ˵ԼҲҪа취뿪У
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λʦܹռ䣬õӦŵ̫Լڵѥ
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տҰǽڣȥѰλʦʲôطһŲ
Խλˣ
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⵹ǣһǿ϶ô٣ԹҲлᣡ
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˿̵Ķ𰣬Ѿѹ֮ǰ־壬ȫͬ
Ҫɱ𣿡
ΪǶԷα񣬶ûб飬ƺѾ֪˽
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ߡ
̳ıƻȻܹӦ
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˵꣬˫ֱ󣬱Ŀã϶޷֮ʱߴ˵
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æ۾̿ǰα񣬱仯ģһʮꡣ

һ̼Ĳ


2088 ͨܲ
λ꣬һ֪ǴС
ʱ֣һ½СӣεºܣܵõΪˡ
ӹٻ٣Ȼɾò̫ɫȴҲͬ˶ԷľٶŽأ
ٺ֪Է½Ҷ̶ʱͳΪƽΪ𾪡
ףΪܹ϶Էˡ
ϹȥѰңȴ
ٺͨȣԼż̳ʹøַߣ˭뵽ɱλ׵֣ձץ
ΪҲû뵽ԷȻңαװ˶Էα
΢΢һЦͩѽģŹ˺󣡡
֪ɵʱһ̧
һһХ

ͽȫնϣڵϡ
ⶫܹסαûﵽα񾳣ȴҲˣ˿̵ʵα񾳱Ƶѡ
ȵ
նȡһƿСƼϴˮ˹ȥ
ſں£Ƭ̺ĿԲ
ϵΣ֪ټϴ޽ΪΪϵ޻ָĿܣζû뵽Էһƿˮͽ⣬峹׻ָ
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ȫëը𣬶𰼹˹ҵʵֻܿղҿˣԴǰ˺ӣ취ߡҿ϶߲ˣ
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нָ꣬۾Ź⡣
֮ǰᣬȥѰʣµ70öƷԪû뵽ɱʮͷαǿߣǵ룬˼ʮ
ͨˣ湻еģ
׵ڣҲûʲôΣգţȥط
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ҪȥģҲ


2089 ػǹ
ѻļ䣬һ·ǰС
αǿߣûߣղѽȫնɱҲûΣգвõ֮࣬λ󷨴ʦǰǲֵһᡣ

ȷ˵ط΢΢һЦͩѽһ
꣡
Ŵ򿪣̿һ۵ռ䡣
ֱУʤ

һȥԼֱƿնҪնɱ
֪ЩԣܣС

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ͨڣÿĵãʵʵȫͬˣ˽Уֲַʵ֮С
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۵ռ˳ǰĺˣ̲ס˿ǼȻС
ΪֻǸеķû뵽Ȼ
ֻҪɣȷûô򵥣Ҫͬʱһʢ˵۵ռ䣻ڶĵط͵ĵطҪпεˣȻһָ˻ᱻڿռ֪ͨûв
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ֻǳָۣû˻ע⣬ҪǶʹõĻ鷳
ͺϹƷͨʵϾҪֹ;أ˹С
ڳɹˣͨǱߣӦҲû֡
Ͼָףÿ춼м١ǧΣɡ
ʦ
֣ŵǰһǼ
ͽܵǰ̲סһ㶣ǡﵽɾˣôô죿
뿪֮ǰҵŵˣȻһﵽɾ۷壬ʱͻƣ
Ŷã
ôġ


2090 ڿ
һֱԼٶȾ͹ˣӹʥأﵽɾҲ£иļͺˮǲԶ˵Ҳ
˵һһӡ̫ˡ
ʮһλӣǰõ򹦷Ҳ㹻ԪṩɡŶãʹɴﵽɾ۷ˣ
ʱ
죿
ôģ
Ѿˣʦߺӽһ£Ŵﵽּ𡭡ŵ
һ£
üûôʱ䰡
ʱٺ½ʮһ£ʮ죬360ʱ൱36ʱ
ʱ䣬Լ㲻һʱͨʱӵʱϣܹҲֻʱѡ
36ʱԶ
ǡ
һһ뷨ð˳ʱ٣ͨʮ֮һҲ˵ϲԵһٷ֮һ
ʱ٣ӻϲһٷ֮һĻ˵ùȥˡ
һʱʱ൱ϲ300ʱˣͨʱ൱ڶʮʱ
һ£Ѿ320ʱȷ࣬ӽһ¡
ʱ٣ϲԵһٷ֮һѵʱҲô
Ҫˣ̫ˡ
ʱ٣ԽԽԽԽȹ̡
ˮƯʯͷٶԽ죬ˮϸʱԽٶ׳ȥǡˮϡ
ʱգʱͿռǲɷָġ
ʱ٣ϲһٷ֮һĻռ̶̳ȣҲǰٱӡ
΢磬ԭܹԷҲܸӦʱ䣬ǡ϶ӦĽȻͬΪһ룬Уһͣ߸ãõһӲˡ
ԣʱԽռԽȹ̣ҲԽǿ
Ҳˡһ죬һ꣡˵
365
Ҫˣ±ĻҪ£Ҳ˵λʦҪͻƳɹʵԤϵĸǿѶԸ
ҡҡͷЩ׿ٴοǰӡ
ӽһµʱ䣬ӵ򹦷㹻Դټŵ˱ʻ߻ʵɽɾ۷壬һ󼶱𣬻ǿɵġ
ãҸǽα񾳽磬֮⾳
ͣһ£
ɾ۷壬Ҳ𲻵̫ˣܸԼģֻα
ȻѾӽǾףһ֮
֮⾳֮⣬һֻ֣ҪЩӣܹѧһ裬ͻα񣬶ʮּ򵥡
ǣ
ʦҪΣ˷ܵ
ˣ뿪ˣҲֻһࡣ
ҪͻαҪסΪϣΪȻΪ徲ΪУΪ񡭡ҪһҪȷģ񡭡

ˣα񣬱⣬һᣬ̳С
ȻͻαȴҲֻ֪һ֪ӺζʲôԭһŲ֪
ɻһ׷ɻΪλ
ܹɹͨţԲ̨ŴƵɸơ
ԣ־磬޷ڸˣֻԼʹѹһڡ
ڣһˣʦĽ⣬ϸּ򵥣һףһףڵ̲סת
¡
βһʱڳˣϢȫֱ֮ͥǰɾ۷ŵˣȻͬʱͻơ
֮ǰͽԲ̨ϵϢˣʱͻƵҪһ߾
ںˣȫﵽα۷壬ңӾսǿ
һᣬͣʦǱߵôˣ
ˣͺûϸѯʡ
ġ
Ǳߵ˵һ¡
ʦ˼ǡ׵֮пͻ飿
ͫһ
ͷԷһɹǿ϶ᱻնɱûκĿܡ
նԷľٶͼݣ϶ᣬֻҪ֣ĴżαѾ˶ʮȻⲻס
˵˼ԼǶ֣ôˣѾﵽĿʦ
Ǽ٣սʵʵɵġ
ô죿ǰ
ֻ·ߣһҵ׵ߵ֮ܽΣֻҪͻƲˣǾͳɹˡ
˵ͷ
ֻҪԷͻƣƾǵʵܿ⣬أλҲ춯
ֻǡ
Էõ֮϶ص˶Ҳĵطˣôҵ˿
˵ǣڶԷ£ϵϡ
ŵڶߣӵ㹻ʵܹס飬ֻܵΣա
Ҳʦ֮ʵû취Ǿ÷
ֻҪܲó飬޷󷨣ߡԼ֮ᣬܹνΣգҲԶʲôˡ
ֻǡ
֮
Ϊܹɹ
֮ǺǿһֱҲչֳ޵еǿǺĿǰǿйصġ
ͺʦ½ҪնɱԼ϶Ҳˡ
ųȥģ޿κΡ
ʱͼݣںϵϲԵαǿߣĨɱĨɱ顭»ɡ
նɱʹΪԷʥأʦ½߾磬ٸߣ϶ˡ
ȻҲֻĲ²⣬һ־á
ܽȫϣ棬һסֻܱĿ
ؼǣλʦȱ֪϶Լĵƣһз̫ռɳӰӣ֮ǿҲ޿κΡ
Ҫԭ֮ǰ棬һ齫ϵˡ
ӵ㹻ʵ⵹ҲԣֻҪʦܹͻ顭սʤԷӦòѣ
Ц
Ȳ˵û֮ǹҲû׼á
˿̸꣬ͻα񲻹һѣҪٴͻƣô򵥡
ʦ㲻˵ѾŹôûˣ飬֪Ľ϶࣬иõİ취
ԴͻȻ
ţ
һǰ
ղŹŵʵˣڻû۵ռų
Ź
˫棬Ժһ¡
ｫǰһ£ʵŹ֪֮ɻʲô취˳񣿡
ûУ֪ǹ϶ͳˡ
ҡͷ
϶ĻشȫΡ
ҲǣҪ׳ɹǹ϶׿֮ˣҲڣһֻαǿλ׵ץߣûκΰ취
ѵֻأ
۾졣


2091 ݿ֮
Ĵţµαǿߣ½ּˣҲԽԽ࣬Ϊˣﵽµ۷壬һⲻסλ׵һжʷ
ûУǡͣһ¡
ʲô
ҵݿ֮˥֮Դͷ
˼һ£
˥֮ԴͷǶʲôü
ݿ֮ǣȥһΣ˥֮ʮֿ£֮޷ֵֻܽСƼϴˮ
ⶫαǿմϣû취ĽҪԼڣ˿̿϶Ҳѻ
⣬кã
˵ݿ֮ǡ½ĳУµĳǳأ̺ʬ壡
£
һ㶡
ҲһۣԲš
ݿ֮ǣһֱߵĽأ̤㣬˵ǵһ
ţУǧǰӿͻأ£ʱǰȥðգӦ֪ȫˣ
£֪Ҳ˵ġ
񣿡
һ
ǣݿ֮ǣĬһᣬ˵սĳСвʬ壡Щ˥֮ʬ帯࣬ɢ֮½еȾγɵģֻҪܹҵԴͷܹҵûȾ֮˳ɹͻƣ

⡭֮
סָһһ˥ָ֮⡣
ⶫȥݿ֮ǣѼ˲٣ҽŪͨһԱαߡ
һֱȻ֣ȴΪ⣬ͣϸһȻ˲ͬ
ⶫα񾳵޷׻⣬ֻҪ˾˿˥ܣҩʯҽ
ԵȼԶԶ߹ϲԵ
ѵ֮Ч
ϸ룬пܡ
Ҳֻ飬α۷ǿߣⲻס
ֻ˵ģ벻ǣû취ȷϣǣԴͷûûȾҲ˵οⶫ̫ˣֻҪմϣɡԣҼ֪ϢҲδ֤

֤˵ģʮ֮˾ġͷ
˥֮ȷЩ⣬벻ףƾ⣬ȷ϶ԣأ
Ȼһ·ҺͶŹھȥݿճǡһ׼
˼һ£Ը
ͻһҪȥԡ
ûпʦѹΪͻƣҲȥðա
ֻͻ飬ϲԵ磡Ҳֻҵ뿪ء
İɣʦһó׼
Ŀᶨ
ʦ
Źһ㶣ղųƺʲô㡭Ϊʦ
ֺ˾ѯͻ£͵ֲԸ˵ԣڣ֪顣
ǰҡԴѾΪʦͬʦֵܡ
Ц
ʦӵڵʵһͻƵα۷塣
Ƕʦˣ
Źס
½۷ȻֻжʮСһΪʦ
ôоôأ
ʵԸ⣬Ҳ԰ʦҲģ
𾪣ЦЦ
ĿֻΪ֮ᣬ˵ڿεӶѣֲ״ٶҲ޹ؽҪ
ˡ
ҡҡͷŹԾܾ
ǲ룬ʵԽܡ
߰ɣ
֪ĸԸ޷֮ᣬٶ˵ݿ֮ǵķӶȥŹϡ
飬ʵӣٶҲ죬֮ǰܵֻʱǰ
˳С
֮ǰᳵ·ܿ죬½ĵط
ҪҵݿճǵĲСﻹǣ
һһܣ
Ȼ֪ǸϢûǹ棬ط˽ļ࣬Ҳˣøӵ壬㱻ɱ
ǰС
֮ۺͳʵļӳ£˥֮γɵ˥ޣһ־ͿԻһ·ҲûκΣա
󣬶ҿĹŹֶɱ̲סп
ǰλʵʵ̫ǿˣ벻ģ
̶һ£ӹʥشﵽ־硭
ζ롣
ңҵԴͷ
ַ˰ʱһͣ
ô죿
ü
Ȼط֪Ĳ٣Ҳû˽⣬ԴͷѰңһͷãȻ
ȻҲǰλһֱתƣ֪ˡ

˼Ƭ̣һ

ǰ
ڵʵϲԣܹ˵Ѿˣй¶Ҳûʲô

һ£Щ⡣
ԼҲѲɣиõİ취
վã
ֵĶŹȡͩѽֱ˹ȥ
̣
һˣܵ˥֮۶
֮ǰɲ˥֮¶̬
ԴͷĻ߻۵˥֮һЩ֮һЩԼĿġ
԰
Ź۾һ
ˮӭˮѹһЩСһЩͿжԴͷ
Ȼϸ΢Ĳ࣬ͨ˵ܿλα񣬾ͺˡ
Ǳߣ
ֱܿ˥֮Դķ򣬶һָ
˵ͷŷæ˹ȥ
вԶһ޷ȷλãʹ̷һߡ˴Σ̵ò㱩ߣһ˥ܵĵóߡ
ãûǰ֪ߣҲ֪˿̱˷棬ʮأĲשߣֳҺɫ
ûκֲͺͺģʱʱһ磬˲

üЩš
˥ܹ֮Ź֣ȴҲܵһЩֲطʲôûУô
Ӧǡ
ͷ
˿ڻѪӻ۵˥֮νԴͷӦþǴ˴ûطˡ
ǿҰɣ
𰲻ڷϻһΣŷУͬʱϸ۲죬´κһϸڡ
żǺͷһۣٴθӦ
Ƭ̺һƬ߲ԫͣ
ָſ͵һᡣ
淭¶Ѿƣݲƽĵ档
һڵ·ǱʲôȾӡ
ͩѽ趯һʯͷӵڲǱɫ͸ˣͨڣҫĹâҪ˵Ļǣ˹֮С
ָһ
ˣ
һ鼮֡
ѪʯѪҺȾγɡ
ϸļء
ⶫ
˵ͷ漴ü
ʱ򣬾;Щ·Щ죬ֻɫԾڳһоͨͼݣȻȷ
ѪʯĻôЩ·Ѫʣ̻ģ
ֻǡѪʯôоôֲڣѪҺγɵȫͬ
ѲɡͬѪҲеȼ֣֮


2092 
һǰһѪʯŵĶԱȣȫʯīʯĲࡣ
ͬһʣɡģ̫ˣ
ϸֱ治ͬһֶ
ѪʯѪҺ͸ʯͷγɣԡŹ˵ʬ壬пܣ
վͩѽǰʮ׿խķ汻ɾ¶ĵ档
ȫ·ʯͷҲ˵ѪҺ˲֪١
ЩкһŹ
˹
طû̫ջ
ҵˣ
ûӦúЩ·йء
һָ
𰿴˹ȥ
Щɫ·ʮֹŹ֣ĳģϸ۲ĻͽʯԼͨϵķЩơ
Ƭ̣ǿʲôǸĴ
룿
Щ·ѪɣӦڽĳִ͵ļʽȻ󡭡ûɣǾͱ˴
ɫء
⡭
һ
һļ룬Ҫ㹻ıɣҲһЩаļ뷽ҪѪ
壬ʽ룬һ˲նɱʮ£ô׼ǸνʹҲԼƣ
ѲɡǰҲƵķ
ַͨ޴󣬼ˣǶ˴¡δЩ̫ˣ
ҵ̳ģӦþҵ˥֮ģ
ͷһ
һƬ汻ɾ
ĵĴߣʮӣǰϰ׵ķ涼ɾ£һڵĴųߡ
·۵ģŻȥ
ǰƿžҪ롣
ֽסǰ棬һ˽ȥ
ǸµĽȫ̮Ĳˣֻʣڷ£Գɿռ䡣
̣
սУ̸еâ˹ͩѽ趯һӶȥ
˫˿ǧǧᣡ
֪Σգоû顣
أ
һƺߣӰɢ
˥ޣǿ󡭡
ںĶ𰣬ѹ
Ӧһ
ղŽĶͶԷ˵һȷ˥ޣһͷһͷû壬ֺǺҹе飬һа֮С
һ·ϣɱ˥޲֪٣ֻɾңոնɱЩȻα񼶱
ˣһ͵ϮֲסֱӱʴΪݹǡ
˥ֵ֮λǡ
𰼱æǰ
˳ǰķȥĺɫ·һһʻܲȫڴġ
ǰ
Ƕһļ̳
⡭
ס
ȻǹǸƣֻӸ߼һЩ
˵أʹõʦ½ļ̳ʹõϲԵģӦģ
֪ʲôƶɣڷǧ꣬ûı٣ɢĹâ
ѵ
ȭͷһ
̳ǵ֮ƣɵҲ׹
ˣǵ½磬ǡǵˣȻڶഫһп
˵Ŀġ׹Ҳ˵ͷ
֮ǰλʦȳר˵ǹĹϵҲר˵ǹǡ顣
⣬㽫ʦ˵飬ϸ˵һ顣
̾ϢǹйڶഫΪǼٵģû뵽Ȼģ
½ţݣеľˣö֮ѻҲͱ滰
ΪλԳֻ֣Ǵʲôʱʼģǧʱ⣬Ȼ޴Ӳ
˳ɻٹ̵ÿ飬ǻԣҲ˷ϡ
ںϲԵˣϸҲû˻ˡ
Ǽ٣ǵ˵û̫Ӱ죬ܳ
ż̳Ѱһ飬ûκη֣ΣⶫûƷˣȻɢ˥֮ĺģû˥֮
̨ų̂硣
˥֮ĵطȻտҲһ˥֮Ӧ֪ݿ֮ǣǲ»صϲԡ
ȻǼ̳Ӧÿʹãν֮
Ŷ
Ȼǹļ̳һģһԣƾҵѪܲܽ
һüëָ⽣â˸󣬴ڼ̳һ·ϡ
Ѫ˳·ʣܿͽϸưȫħ󱻼һҫĹâҫ۶
¡¡
̳ζ
ݷףѪҺâԽԽʢ
ѪҺΣ˿ڡ
ҿû˥֮ȻôĴˣõѪҺʣͻᱻʴıɿݹǡ
䣡
λŹЩֲסæ֮ʱ̳ͻȻâʢһ˲䱻תλãһڵĿռ䡣
֪ôһۿͷֻڣڵסߡ
Сģ
ŹһƿСƼϴˮַһöԪָ˸ղŵģǰȥ
һƬڵĻûɽֺ˵Ҷдȵζ
Ҳݿ֮ǣ
ɻ
ɫأ˥֮Դ֮
ǰĺڰռУܵһĪļµ
˵ڵʵƺͻﵽ龳磬Ҳ޷⣡
ܸѹֻ˵ʹеһڰп顣
öҽȥҳԵġ
һ䡣
СƼ
죡ͷƤը
Ｋпʬ壬иӿµĴڣԡԡ֪ԣܲеϢ
ȻûӴ飬Ϊﵽ־磬󶼿¸ּߣǷҲһССα񣬿ðġ
Ҷ
СƼ
ЩƷԪ伢
һ۵ռڳһƿԪСƼŵĲ˹ȥƨɾһöö
ڳң˿Ͷǰȥ
һ޴Ĺǰ
֣棬ƺ߶ǰϣɢŨŨѹ޷ǰֺ
˹ȥ
ʯϵ֣ͨϵ̵ķƣԱʶ
⡢⡭
һĶ𰲻ͣ
ʶЩ֣ü
ݷ׵ĵ˵ͷŲдǡ֮Ĺ
𣿡һ㶡
˵һλǿߣͬ棬𡭡ѵˣƺš
ͬ棿𣿡
ͫ
䲻֪Է˵Ķ벻ԣܳƺš˵ʵ
ųơĳǿߣˡ
ݿ֮ǣ׷ʲô
ʲôˣҴ
𾪣һ𣬽İУһӰ˹
ͩѽսͶ𰼱æ˹ȥ
漴һڵĹǼܣ֪ʱǰ
Ǽߴ¶ĹͷӨڣһֲɿܵѹȸС
˵֮ǰ˹Ǽܣǿһȣֱʲô㲻ϡ


2093 Ⱦ֮
󱲶𰣬ðǰһ
ⲻôģȻˣǾҰɣ
ϻǼָ˹

ɲǼ䣬Ͷ͸еҪѹɷ顣

ͫһٹ˲ϽͣҲû˵ͩѽǿĽٴʩչ

޾Ľ⣬ڿγһǽ
ָһӴʱѹҲ޷ǰ
Ľǽˣ
ͣס漴ҡҡͷԣֵطôн˳֣ңǵĽУִͣдż㣬Ϊػ۲䡭ֲ࣬ŸĽУȻͬѷ֮أǿһһ츳
Ҳ˶ѣ˵ķĹ˿Խģ㽣Ϊף뿪ɣ
û˻֡
ǰ⣬Ѱҡͻ֮ȫ
ԷڹԼߣ˿æ
ݿ֮ҵ֮϶йء
õ
롭
Ц

úߵ
ǰ
Ļδ䣬ð˰֡
޴ǳ˹
ɫһ飬ָһ֮ǰͨõα񾳱ͬʱ˳

ɫһ죬һѪ˳ȥˤڵϣ⵽شһ䵽ϣꡣ
תָһЩǿסϵľʹվ
ĲðǰιҪ֮
ҿ
ߡ
漴еһǿѹʱҪѹɷĩҪֲסʱؿڵĵ׹ͻȻ̸еѹᡣ

ƺӦ׹ѹһɲʧӰ٣˵͸еһ漴ؿڵĵ׹ֱԷ˹ȥ
ҡ
ҧҪȥ
ȴǱʲôסһôѲ
׹ÿһָۣһٴηɻؿڡ

»ָڴڴŴ
ҪԽ֮
û֮ǰ̬ȣǵ
ǣǰȫ
ԷδȡԼĵ׹˿æȭ
֮ûУԴ棡
ͣһ£һץ˥֮۹գ۹ھ޴£һγһɫ
һ㶡
ǰĺɫԿԸо˥֮Ӿ֮ǰ֮ҲЩƣһ֣ԿѹȸС
ɡȴǽɫͬżǿ˥֮˵ˣһմϣСƼϴˮҲܲסᱻʴɾ
Ҫ֮ǽɫġ
̲ס
ֿ϶ãҪã˵ͻˣܻܲȥδ֪
ⶫǽɫһ
õ
һ
֮ǽɫ٣ֵطǣʱˣᱻȾҡҡͷ
ϲԶʦ½˵㣬˵ǲ֮žˣͬᱻȾӶ˥֮û취ת
ɫࡣ
Ϊҵ֮ģõҲûð
Ϊʹãܽͻƣ
ǰа취壬±ɽɫ
ʵ
Լ񣬲Ȼ˵޷ҵأпܣᱻλʦͼݣֱ
ǣòŬ
õ취Уûôɣ
ǰʾ
а취˿۾һæ
ü֮ԾҪܶһģʵԸȥУֻҪһˣͬͿܵʧܣ
õ
ǰ跽ͨԾ˿æ
ţ
òڶ˵ָǰһ㡣

һʱˣͶԺ
⡭
еݣüë
ͶԷ˵һּ룬Ҫܶ˲ɣңпܻ
֮ʵΪ˳Ϊ飬磬ʲôУҪĳͷͿԣҲû취
ð˰ָ֣ĺɫ̷˹
һץӡһƿڡ
ˣҪңٹǽ죬ˣҲ
˰֣һΣƺ˵
лǰ
ƿŽ۵ռ䣬
ܶԷûɫ֮ȴҲϣͷ
ֻҪնԷ˵пܳɹġ
ҪҪҹȥóˣ
Ͷ뿪ʱ۵ռڵСƼͻȻڵ
ϻ
ûιȥ
ǲͷƼڣֻɾ۷壬α񶼲ǡԶԷһ飡

οԷҲû⣬ȻղŻԼȴûɱ֣Ǹϣͷ
óԾˡ
ٶ˵СƼƨľƷԪ
СƼ˼ʲôȡǰĵ׹ٴαȭ»и֮룬ǰ֪׹


2094 ʮɣϣ
Է˵ʲô졢죬ԼȻ϶йء
ңԷɱڣ׹̬Ըıˣ˵ϳʶ
޿ɷ棡
һٴαһûʶĹǼܡ
֪ѯʣԷҲܻشֻ˳ȥ
ص֮ǰ߹ĵطռһתٴγڼ̳Ϸ
ȥɣ
Ȼõ֮ϾԸԳնԷķлɹġ
ʱ󣬻صǹ
ȵĽ˻Ҵҿ˹
أ׼̳
֪ãԸһķڹȥ
귽أüëɸ񣺡ּ뷽ûôʵְɣ
ʲô￴
ʮɾǿߣͬʱ룬Ҫ꣬κηɣ
أҡͷ
꣬κηڴ򿪼ӭӵˣԼڱУ΢еͿܻɢٲ
ǰλϲ˵İżɲôͬʱ㡣
˶˽ĵģ˽ˣʮ֮ڡ˭ܱ֤
ǲ̫ףΣҪһ£
򺮽ˣƽ¥ŵӺͳϣ𣿡
ǰ֪ҪޱȵͨλǿĿʦú˽ˣȫټ㣬Ѿһʱ䣬ҲӦòˡ
ѾˣʱɣͷɾϵģϲʮֻСң
⣬ǲʮˣһĵ⣬ǡʱڣղʮɣ
ĴţǿܴﵽɾģǺǿĵӣŵĳϣƽţ㴫ǧ꣬صǿϸӹͳܵĳ򡭡
Ҳֻճɶѣ
ʮ򡭡ʵɡ
½ûУҲδء
򣿡
ɫһ
أϲԵʱ䲻ϲǿ֪ޣĹǣһģף⣬⣬ǡȥôɣ
ϲԵɣѾ൱ʦ½Ĵʥǿˣ
ҵѾףʮ򡭡ʵ̫ˣ
ˡ
üͷ³ϼҴǰ

Щȣǹĺϣʥޡޣʵ̫Ĵϣδܹ⣡
ʥޡޣһ£Ͷ˼ҴҷԶȥȻƽһ㡣
зǡ㡢㡢ƤƤϺ˿ʤ
ҶˡվڼСƼҰ졣

ʵҲЩͷƤ顣
Щʥޡ޵ʵ̫ˣҪӿĴţȷû취⡣
ˣǽܹμսȫٻˡ
֪Է⣬һ漴˿ͷ޴Ӻ׷˳ͬʱһͷ޴ĺꡣ
ͷ޳裡
֮ǰĸǿһټӦԿʦͨĹû뵽ʱ
ʱ򣡡
۾һ˷ܵزЦ
˯ͷţղʮɣЩƤƤϺ֮͹ˡ
뵽⣬̲סڵһжɾϵǿߣ
ˣɾϵĺң

ֻ򣿡
ü
ѾˣϾĴȫҲҡ
ѹֺӵп½Щǿߵκһţ޷ܵġ
żһ𣬶δܹ⡣
ɼ򡭡Ҳֻ
ʮ
ǲô죿
أ˹
ǰ
üͷɸһܣƬ̺󣬷ԸţԼϣΪﵽɾ۷ģȫһ𣡡
ǣ
䲻֪Ҫʲôû˸ΥԴ˼Ҵȥ졣
һʱ󣬺ƽ渽Ͷѻ˲֪ߺͺ
ɺɵıʮңҲ˵ĴŴܹյʮҵɣʮңﵽ۷İ˷֮һңң
ǰ
ң
ͷ˵㣬Ҳ㹻ˣ
֪Ҫʲôǲ⣺ټô߸ʲôҪЩʲô
ʮ죡
ʮ򣿡
һҿ϶Ҳֻܿˡ
ãûж˵תȺʱ䲻ݹһöָʮ죡
¥ϲԻ᲼ǿʤⶫ࣬ʮ̫ѡ
л
ϲԼֵΣѣ˵ٶҲãһΣֱϷУԽԽߣֱһ׵ĸ߿գ͵һ

죬ˢˢ·˹ȥɢ£һꡣ
⡭
˿һĻȫԭأ𾪵˵
ຣԼĴŵӡ
һ죬һģˣҲ׳ֵֻƫ
һ²ʮö죬ʦһ²öʮöϣ󷨴ʦ
Էһ²ʮ졭
֮ǰζ룡
½ǿ󷨴ʦ϶Ҳɣ
ʲô󷨣һЩá
ȺУһλó󷨵ĳϣ
Уڵͺ֮С
е꣬һ̤
ˣ
󷨼ԲٹķΧڣ̼쵵ĹâɫתһصĲơ
ǡ߲󣡴½֮һ
ˣƺУ󡢾󡭡Ѿˣټʮ֣
ôĻ󷨡һ˲䲼ɣ

ѾǾȣǾˡ
󷨵ѶȣԶԶͨ󷨣һ󷨣ѶȻʱӣֱӼʮ󷨻϶ɣٹĳһ˲䲼ö
ԶԶ˿ķ롣
Ҳֻ飬ɡ

ȻѾλʵۿһĻɸо˵
ѹܹϲλ
Ȼǿķ࣡
ЩҲЩƣ롣
򵥣ʵϼѣҪͻα񣬸ĳ󷨻û˾ͻΪľӿ׹䡣
˼תһ£ص֮Уһ
ʮͷαǿߵʬ壬ǰ
ʱնɱġ
ƣ
һ
أ
ʬ壬ͬʱըȻըȴ⵽˿ƣǺֻܴΪ˿ɢڵ
̣
һգ۹ʮͷαǿ߻ȫΪɢǰĴ󣬳ڡ


2095 ʮɣ£
Ŀǡȣ
ɡҲ̫ݳˣ
ǰ⾫Ǿģͻƣ
⵹ǣɵɣǸϵĹؿ츳йأ˶ɵġ
⵹ʵû츳ٺõԴҲã

˻죬Ϊ£⣬ȫȻ
ȻǴЩ۷壬һõͻƻǸõͻƣɾʵ
ʮλαըǱΪô½ʷûôݳ޹
֮ܳΪݳޣǰܼˣ
ϾһλαҪԣԶԶЩߡ
ңαڵ뷨ܺãɡܲܳɹ츳Ҳкܴϵ
缶ĽھҲֻһ˶ѡ
û츳кԴҲ棬Ҳ޷ͻƵġ
ҵɾ۷壬Ҫһѣ
˵ɡ
ɻ󣬾ͼеϥɢɫĹâ
ҴǣͻɵĹ
쳹ÿ߶ߣڶ˵š
ǡʦе΢Դ壿
һᣬأͫһ
ԼλүΪʦڿο϶û⣬Ҫһԣ˽ΣѼ󡭡Խ࣬˼ҲԽ࣬ԽѴﵽͬ
ˣһһڿΣѧģѧԽ࣬ҲԽңƿء
ͬʱΣ֪ʦû죬ۿˡ
ԣս٣ÿ˽ȥ
ԽԽ˷ܣһ˵
ຣʱΪʺ಻ͬΣҲû̫Ч˭ֻ֪һᣬһȫоëȻë׺;ͬʱ򿪡
ԷģĹһֿͻƵĵ

֮κԽΪøǿҲӾ
ǯǸСϺ֡
Ϊһɫʰ쵵ǯӶ
ʮǰʹﵽ۷壬ϧΪһ⣬˸û취ֺ
ˣǸɵӣʱץסһȺ飬ζʱ򣬱ߣҲˣ˼صơ
ǯӶϵһھߡ˵ͻƣܹάסΪѾܲˡ
Σٻǹţһҵλŵӣж˿飬ɱˣҧԷһҲ㱨ˡ
˭֪ûҵλߵ˾ͿʼڿΡ
ģòͻˣ˭ֻ֪һᣬһϺǱʺۣͣͣһֱû취ͻƵΪ˲ը
¡
ͻƵɡ
ͻˡǯ棺ԺҲõıץȥСϺˡ
ΪͻƵɣԱЩŵӣҲúˣ
ȻߵˣһǯˣԺضĲҪɱңζģҲˡ
ſӰСϺҧ˾

ͬһĻк֮С
ȱ򺡢ӡһȫͻ
Ҹˡ
СƼˮֱ

ʱ֮ǰ۷ʥޣˢˢͻƣȻ룬ˣȫٴ˵
˽ķʽʵֲ̫ˣ
һÿΣͻơ
ǰζ룬ǰλȴʵˡ
ˣЩͻƵߣɻһأ׼̨ʼ룡
Ѿгͻƣ˿ǿסƣ룬Ը
һͻô֪࣬ԭ򣬵󷨺ôαǿߵҲݺӡ
αǿ侫ֻһ˿ɾǿڣͻеڸʮͷαͬʱըи󷨽к͡
벻ͻƶѣ
ȻûڿΣЩܹ̤һûʮʱ⣬Ҳ
΢Դпãǽ裬ˣؼǣõߣٴģĲ
봺䣬ٻָոյġ
ӹ󣬻ָû֮ǰƣ
ʱﵽɾҲѾϣ̳ҲѾװںá
ʼɣ
ʮɻۣżм룬ǼڿУڿΡ
Ҫǣ似
һģֻһʦ
ڿΣǵõ棬õôмģԼǵϢͳ֮
似
ۼʶλ漣˸棬һǳݵĿ
似Ҫ㣬ڡ
棬˿һЦ˵
һ֣һ֣ǻζͺ塣
ڿΣʱţЩ˰ɡ
ʱһ漴һһӰƿճǰ
һϮ͸ߴüЦ⡣
㡭
ͫһͣסڿΣ̲סվ
ǰĲǱˣ֮ʧĿʦ
ʱȫϢȫڣǳȴͬʱ۹һҫ۶Ŀ˴֮뷨
㣬ֻһֿܡ
ͻˣ


2096 Σ

ȡ
ĴԼɾϼͬʱǰһǽ
߹
ʦߣһС

˺ѵĿռڣ߳ǿߣ׷ƣԼŸ֣ȻС
ɾǿߵ֮࣬ĴţԼϣֻ಻١
ͨŵɾ
һ
ͨӪǧ꣬αжʮλ˵ɾˣȻ֮
ټʣţ֮ޣš
ẮԼ˵Ĳ֣ʦ΢΢һЦôѾ׼ü̳ˣ
ͻ龳磬Ҫľǳȡǰλڵͼݡ
Ҳֻļм̳͸ˡ
ɾǿ߽еֵˣ
֪Էһ֣Կ⣬һȣתͷ·ʮɣڿΣ似֮
æǵû˿ţųȣ֮궯ľ
֪
λȻԼڽΣʦɫһԸ
¡
׷Ƶˣдͨʣ²α񣬳˹ɾҲˢˢ֡

һȣӭ˹ȥ
֮ӣнݺᡣ
ααĶɾɾս˫һʼǲݡ
̶̼ɾӿ׹䣬һʬһʬ壬һ㡣
ǰ߸ϣޱȵɾʱҲͨһ١
ĴżϺȻͨšڣǿߵսȴǿ˫һʱ佩ֲ£ʱڣ˭޷ʤ
ΪΪ˴½
ƽĵӵһ˺ξȥ
ԴӰʦ֮ƴھ۷壬һɾֻǿ
ɱһ⣬ɱ׬ˣ
һĵ˳һЦü
Ϊߵˣ
езϺ֮Ҳ
Ȼ뿪ս𣬵ܲס࣬ǼӲ޵С
˫ĴսһʼȼյĴɭ֣Ѷơ
ˡ
ȥ˫սɱʦǰһʮľ룬Ͽա
ûǰ֮ǰʮ첼õĴһʮɣԼ棬γһ޴Ĺ֡
󷨣õʱ򣬲ԱйзãαǿߣҪƿûôס

ʦһǰ̳һ޴ѷ죬˹
󲻸һ㣬ûκӰ졣
󷨣תԶļ̳Ҳкζأ̸е̳ҲƿزסͣƺʱԷȥ
ҧָѪӿڼ̳Ϸ
̣
ͣζļ̳̱ѹܻڻζȴûղôˡ
Źæ
ɫףأæк
ǰͬ
ֹ̳ͣ˻ζڿС
ûһʦٴοԼ룬Ҷ֣ҶֵĻûôˡ

ҲκζܵĿռ䣬һ˲ϣ޷ߣҲû취ƿ
ش𣬶ǼڿΡ
ӶԷ߼̳ٵ֣һֱûͣ
·ʮɣɳУ޷԰Σ˿ûʶΣ١
ʦڡ΢Դ塭ܹƻģЧóõֶΣҲϧڲãѾˡ
һЦʦ˹

أͶȥͼ·ʮâ˹˲䵲ǰ档
ʦǾʹʬϿȥɣ
ʮλŮͬʱУضѿ˷϶
š֣ˣ
ʮһλ״ʱȫﵽα񾳣ʦα񾳱һսۻ룬ʮһһ𣬿ʦƣȻҲ޷ǰֺ
أ뿪ʼ
˿ָһݿ֮ǵõ壬ֱڼ̳Ϸ
ΰ飬أ𰣩ڴ˽м룬ԸʮĵҳϺΣȡ֮ľ
ͬʱ𣬶أһһңվڼָ̳࣬ϲԣѪڼ̳һâҫǿ˲佫ʮɳڡ
ܣ
һŵɫĻ͵ڼ̳Ϸȼɫ壬Уûκα仯
ʮɻû׳顭
ɫһɽɫܽϢе˥֮մ
˼ķȻҲ֪ɹ
ֻʮɣһģ̳ϲֽܳɫĻ棬ɫһµģһҰˣ
ڿεʱ̫ˡ
ҡͷ
ʮɣֻһ£л֮ǰġ˵βԣʱִ̫ˡ
ǺΣʱġ
¸ĸͺӣûдʱ飬ʹѪ̫ͬ
ʦͬˡ
ʦڿΣѧѧϰʦڡ΢Դ壬ܿʱ䣬̣Ҫʱ䣬һͣ
ȱٵľ
ٸʱҲôˡ
ǡݿ֮ǵ֮㾹ȻܹõǸþȻ㣿ΪʲôΪʲô
ںŵ˶սĿʦǵĿģ۾ͨ졣
ݿ֮ǵİأ֪˼ǧ꣬ʮ
УõһֲһЩ顣
ǰȥΣͷãϧһޱȣû˵ֱӶ֣˵ˣ˲ˣ
Լȥһãֻǰλ취֮ɶԷȥΪܹõ
ƽ
ŭУٴ
һ£ȸղǿһֹ󷨻ζռǱѹʱѡ
ס
һȣгƮɣһһ֧صӡ
֣ҲǰǹɣʱᱻѹĿռ䣬ڳǹĹᴩ£֡
κ̡ʫӱ졢·塢䡢žԬΡ
ʮһλ״ηΣգͬʱת£ռʱҪȴЩ˵ά£Ӳסˡ
Ǽֲ˶ã
أ˾ȵͣԸһ䣬֪ʱҪʲôΡ
ʦڽԽ̳࣬ϵƵĻɫԽԽأɫת䡣
ʮɳһģٻҪһӣ¡Ǽֲס
ŻɫתٶȣȻܿ죬Ҫʱѻأ̲ס
ŵˣʵܼǿҲηͶĴﵽ龳Ŀʦ赲ʮܹһӡ
̫ˣ
Բɣ
ֶ֪ܼþͼֶá
ͷ
εûͣ٣𣬶ε·ˣ·֪ϷһɳУ滰ͣת


2097 СƼɱ
꣡
ʦԽԽǿάסĿռҲֲס
һ죬һڵѺ۳֣ŵͬʱѪ磬˳ȥ
ȫˡ
ʦͬ޵Уʱͻαﵽܳܵ۷壬Ǹⲻס
ڵʵû취ǸҰɣ
ķŵˣǵʦ𣬶ż̳ץ˹ȥ
Ҳ̲סڿεϣͬʱͩѽ趯ɢ
̳һ޴γһ޴ϣƵ档
ûͻǰУܻҼɵڡΪס
һЦʦһ˲˽ɫѹ
꣡
Ѻۡ
˫˿ǧǧᡣ
гԽܿα޵Уһ鶼δܹ⡭ɶǿʦ
λһƿĳ
˿ͻﵲס

ѿһ޴Ŀӡ
һףɶףסΣһѪ˳
һ֮£ˣ
ˣеڿ֮ûϣʮɣݣ޲
ɡ
֪֮ǹؼֻҪõ֣͵ڸ׳нǰλĺ·ɱξˣʦڼһץ

̳ϵĺɫġ

أͬʱɫһףˢˢ֡
أأ
û۾ȥ˾͸еϮڿУͬѪ硣
ǵʵҲͬα񾳣ŵ˱ȣԶԶ磬εסǰλ
ⶫ䵽ҿ㻹ôͻƣͻƲˣ͹ԹԽңҿԲɱ㡭
֣֮׶Ͼ˶Էĺ·ʦһЦٴοĮ
Էɲ飬ԶĶ֣δãʮּ򵥡
޷ͻƣΪҾɱ㣿
ţüëһ
Դͬʱһ鼮ͻأֱ֣ӿн£ǰĿʦݺ
֮᣿ȻУѵΪûз
ԽԽ鼮ʦһ£漴һЦһֻ͵
ˣ
һӿ·˴ӿռʧʧһû˰Ϣ
Ӧе֮ᣬͣҲĿꡣ
ʣ˿̣ʩչطơ֮ǿҲȻ
׹
֮᲻ǶԷʣټзϢ֮⡭
޷أô
ԣ֮ῴ޿ɿ⣬ʵϣҵȱݣͬԷһö𲻵
ΪܶҵĹˣ֪㣬Ҳⶫȴʹáҿ϶ҲԼĵƣ
һЦδš
Ļ̳ϷĻ涸ȻʢһâһӰͻأ֡

ڼ̳Ļ֮Уÿʦ֮ѹ͵Ϯ
꣡
ڶ֮ѹû뵽֣ʦвƣѪ˳
Ҳʹƣ޷ֺ
ʵ̫ǿˣα񼶱ĳʹ֮⣬ҲֻǴһƤһ𲻵̫Ч
ңļƻȷǡˣһλ˵Ӱ죿
͵һѹķɷʦתͷɴŲַϡ
Էôãһֱó֪϶ı
һıھʵ£ù
վԭأ㹥̴ܴң
ǰα񣬲ǿ٣
ˣ˵ȷʲôе֮δôˡһЦ
ʦһ㶣æͷ漴ץסĺɫպ˿ڸǰ˥֮ͣӣ˿ڣ̸¶֮ɫ
㡭
һһɫٴ˼̳ϣɷֳͣȥ
Щɫ˥֮۶ɵ֮˵αˣϣҲ޷ϣ
Ϊ
Ҫ֪ûκЧģ
ɶ񡭡
ʦеȫǽˮƵһй¶ּ
˥֮飬ӰǲģЩɫʵ̫ˣЩܲס
أ
ûκι˼ɣ͹
ˣӹɣһþȫضǱ˺ѡ

Ҫû֮ʱһСƼͻأ֣ſֻһ£ʦͱ̽˶ӡ
䣡
ӲͣĶǹһ
ס
СƼ潫Էˣ
һﵱ궼̵ֻֻ֪ɾ۷壬ʦ飬ˣ˫̫ˣ
ֻϣܶһʱ䣬Լིܶһᣬʮɣһģ
ø֮Ϊлӵ˥֮ʦһ룬ɫѾû֮ǰôˣ˰ɫ
û׾ȴѾɾ˲٣֮ǰҪ̳ϵĻɽɫɾ˿̣ɫҲɡ
ԡʱˣ
Ҫʱ䡣
ʦɲͣЪмԵ
СƼ壬ͣζһ߹һǱ߹𣬿ӿʦͻƳ
α񾳵ֻ꣬һ£һϢû˷ԷڶôˣȻܶҪʵƿֲ
㡭
֪СƼ϶޷ǽĿ̳ϵĻԼ֮
γ̽ԽԽ࣬ɫ仯֮е£ƺҲɱ䣬ͣʣɫ𽥱˵ơǳơ
ˡ
ɫɱ䣬֪ǰ֮ϾҪᴿ̲ס˿
ڼڿΣȡ̵ʱɣǰĿռһζ

һâ͵ҫСƼĶӣ룬ʦǱӰͻأǰ
һ֣͵תʦĵĳɲǼ仯ӰնڻƼϡ
˻˻
âݺᣬСƼԴͱննɼʮݣڿС
ܣ
˻ޣʦ͵һ棬СƼ⣬˲ճ˻ҽ

һΣһӿеȥ
СƼȻˣ
Էɱˣ
ͷСƼʦ½ʱ򣬾͸ԼˣֻǸ«Ȼ̰ԣҲ̫ףദʱˣһһޣĸ顣
ƽʱʱ򣬶ԼĵԼҲˣСƢ
ôû뵽Էնⶡճ˻ҽ
Ҳˡ
˵һֻǷܶ
Ҫɱ㡭
۾ˡ


2098 ֵ飬Ԧ
СƼ޳裬Ҳѡֵܣ
ϲ໥Ȥżϻ٩ˣʤˡ
׼󣬿ʱܵ뷨һһ޼䣬ֱ˴ˣ
ΣҪ̵ʦԼ̫Σգǲ̫Ըġ
ӡ˼̫ܿʱ䡣
֮ᶼʧȥЧ
֮£ֻʩչðյķʦسײɲ˿ζ벻ֱӻĶӣǽ֮նⶡմ
ѣһݣҪȥ֮ƴһ漴أżĿү֮ΪأȻǰˡ
һˮ˹ͣ
԰
ڵʵȥƴҲʤùǰλ¡Ѿˣ
α֮Ĳ࣬һ磬ǿԽġ
ΪԷĻֻһ취Ǿǡ֮壬ͻαľ磬ɾ飡
ֻҪɹƾڵʵնɱԷӦòѣ
似ļУʹ似ܸõĽȫӳһ㡭
һڿε
ܣ
̳ϵĻ棬ɫ
⣬ʱѾаҵɳ׳飬ɹɲ
ҽ̵Уҵ裬Ҫٱ
նɱСƼʦһһ˹
ֻα񼶱𣬵УսʮֹԻ͵Ľʮȹ̵ĿռǰֽһĴ
ʦ
ŵٴγ˹Ҳϡ
ղŵأӵСƼϴˮȻ׻ָ
ʮһλӣϷÿһӵα񾳱൱ڶʮλαһ𣬲޼䣬ɵ󷨡
ʦŭһǿɱ

ٴξһ

ղûҵĿ֮ᣬٴδӿ¡
ⶫʱЧԣϲԺǿܹʱ䣬Ҳ䳤ˣʱȫѹ˲ͽܵĿռȫ
ɶ񡭡
ʦζһ£ʼʩϢͼһΣѾǰıľʹ˹ȥ
ŵˣҲϣʩչƴľУͣ

ʦͷƤ顣
֮ᣬһ£ǲֵҵģҵ棬ܶ鶼ⲻסԼԷĵӣڲҪˣ
ԼΪĿ֮꣬ѹǡԼͬھ
תһȦǾһΧǻҪ˸ϳȥԼص֮⣬ЩǹƤҩһܲ
¡¡
ռһƬڣ֮޽ӽǲ׹䣬޷ֵ
Ҿ㲻ȥɱңҲûôף
֪޷ʦȣһסŵ˹ԼһХֱϷ֮˹ȥ
䣡
֮ײһеĳ̱飬޴ѹѹڱǳѪ
ѹҲӲֹͣ
ÿ¡
һĻһݡ
֮ᣬԴʹһս޲ʤ޲ˣֻҪ£ǿ˶ᱻ˲ҳޱȡ
ΪʦֻҪˣ϶ᱻͬζ벻Ȼܹס
ȻǳԽϲԵ޿κΡ
ү֮Ѿɽɫˡ
𾪣أĺæתͷȻ̳ϵ֮Ѿ׾ɣ˽֮ɫ
֮ǰǵһģһûκβ
֮ᣬʦʱʮһģٲֱ˴ˡ
СƼΪ㱨𡭡
֮ȫڲͣЪһ̳ǰץ˹ȥ
̣
֮˳ëףڣգ۹ھߣֶײ
֮ǰóȻ֮ûжӦĻܻ̱
ڡ
СƼǰгƬȼճɻҽģо˵ʹ
ԷദһĻĻٴλصԺ
ʥӵԼһȥҶԷֱԼĵ
Ӵ˱㿪˺ͶԷĽ
ƽʱһϲԺһ«͵Ϯǿߡҩɾĳ󣬳ɱ䡭
СƼֲ֣ס
飡
ֵ飡
СƼ֪Ѿһλá
һֱΪģҲġ
û뵽գ켦
ݺأ߳Ƶľޡ
СƼٴԺ
ǰƺǳƨģԼƨɣ̳Ԫĳ
㵽֪ԼǸʲôޡ
ͻȻһˡ
һֱţһܹͣͻƣ֪Լʲô˭ֱ֪ʲôޣһֱšаͷ
ֵ飬Ԧ
۾졣
Ϊ޳裬СƼĽδԼ
ΪѡֵܣԷݸ飬Ҳֵͬǣ
¡
ڵ֮һ˲й֮ĸ飬ͣߣһ˲˴䡣
תٶȣֱӴﵽ˰ٱ
ˣʵ̫ˣĽңԴһ߽һãͻû֮ǰôˡ
֪żãǷݸʣ֮Ҳ˳Ÿߵķ򣬲ͣ
Ҫͻ飬Ҫһʱ䡭
֮ڣıڵ幹죬׹
˸߼УҵͻƵĹ֮ҪΪ飬ҲҪһ죡
ܳʵѾǳˣ
Ҫ֪ʦõ֮Ҳ˽ӽһ£ųͻơ
һͳɹѾ󡭡
̫ˣ
һڣ޷սġ
Ҳ˵ʹ
ĿʦֻҪɱסпɱ
һʮʱ൱1440ӣʱټһٱҲҪ14ӣܳɡ
ȭͷһԸܼ֮ôʱ䡭
һܹͻƵʱ䣬Զڱ֮ѹĿʦȥϣܹ֮һЩϸõʱ䡣

뷨û֮ζһ£ֱʧ·δֹһ
ܵϲԺ󣬱øǿάֵʱҲˣʱƣʱڵ˾ͷ
ɶ񣡡
֮ʧʦת
ʱֱȫѾˣһƣҲˣѪܡ
Ȼ䵲ס֮ᣬԼֶΣܵ˲ת˺ۡ
㾻֮ұգʱ乻ҿһھͽնɱٸˡ
һĿ䣬ʦŲԶҪƤ
ΪҪԷͼݣһֱûʹɱ֣Լ䡣
ȻǺǼһһֻαҲС
ԣҪֱ֣ʩչȫٲˡ


2099 ͻ飡
ʱȷ
ԷѾֶʩչУԼնɱδţţʱȻԺһֻҪͻƣӱʮ겻
ʦɫһߣûôס
һץҪܵĿռȫ

һЦͻأԭʧأһһͨǰһöָˣһʧԭء
۵ռ䣬ͨƿռ䣬Զ봫ͣ۲صҪͨͨҿ׾ҵ
һ£ʦ漴Ц
ΪԷʲôԼһƿռߣû뵽ôİ취
ͨǻᱣߵ˽޷׼ȷλݶȷϣ˭ͨⶫģⶫ뿪ڽԼϢױ¶ǰ벻ѣ
ΪԷֻҪصԼҲͻ飬ȡͼݾûôˣڿȫǰ
໻طѡ
ӵõ𣿡
һҲܹ׷ƺͰ˵սͨ˵Ҳȥܣһ㣬ͬһöͨ֡
ö˵ĽȻͬͨɫӦǵʹõĵ
һһâҫ
Ȼȥܲܺá·㲻ߣ
صöָձ͵λãʦһ£漴ߡ

ǰһ澵ӣͨϷһգ۹򣬾һ֡
ͨм
ϵѥڵһ̤Ѿ˾棬һ̣ͨǰ
Σյĵطȫĵط뵽ܵǲܹͨ¼λãȻˣͱˣպûȡͼݣΪ㡭
ȻһЦʦʶӿ
ͨʵǸ͵磬ΪIPⷢʵϣȫڼ֮¡
ʦΪͨĵߣƿߵȨޣֻҪ֮йأͿ϶
λղŲ۵ռڣλۣͯͨȻһ˹򣬽󣬴͵
⣬Ӧڵڡ
ԼϳԷҪߣñɱͨȷõѡ񡭡ڣͶ
ڣ
ʶܿ콫ɨһ飬ֻһͷαδ֡
Էܹ͹϶Ϊͷﹺ򣬲ûʱ佫նɱҵǼһ˵
ǣ
ʶɨһ飬ʲôûУ̲ס̧ͷȻͨܲϷϣһӰͣ
ʱȻӽָĵط
ӡ
һŭȣʦһֱ̤Էǰ˹ȥ
α񾳱УΪﵽѾҪô鷳ֱӷС
ͣ°ɣ
ڿУͶ˹
ϵ겻ͣЪϣ֮ʣӰһʧԭأȻ͸ĤΧ
ȥҲӲ
ٴߣʦӣҲ͸Ĥ
һͨĤ̸еߵϣ£֪Զӣ²֪Զͷ
طΣ裬תסΣ
ͷȥ漴λҲ֪ԼӲˣԭ򣬲ڼߣǱӣһһĿ˹
ô׷ҵϡ

Ԥϵ黹кܶ࣬ȻӲǾ͹ԹԽͼݸҰɡ
𣬿ʦһŭȣ͵ץ˹ȥ
ûǰܵĿռͳ̡
ȱæ
ҪץסԷʱơ
ƲδأǾԷֻв׵ĵطͣʦ俴ǰ꣬뿴ʲôı
㻹ʲô˵
һ䡭
ͷ
˵ʦ
ʮšˡߡ塢ġ
˿ʼ

ʦһ
һǲǱŷˣ
ΪʲôԣԶ֮࣬ζû뵽ʼ
ûɣ
ʲô
Ҳ̲סһȡ
ûʲôѣš
һЦһ
һ̲ס˸һЦá
ˣ׼ˣǿʼɣ
¡
滰һҵĺץסʯͻȻɿƣȫоƣڷ
һۻϢ͵سƺҪض˺ѣҲ׹ֱӰڿС
У
㡢㡭ͻˣ
һΣʦûӿеȥ
õ֮ͿʼΪͻƣ˽ӽһµʱ䣬Էλһһ֣죬ûһʱ䣬Ҳܳɹ
ˣߣδ̫ż
ֻҪһڽץסûͻƣΪǣ
ôֱӳΪˣ
Ź˶ã
ӶԷ̵֮ʼ׷಻ӡ
ڣαͻƵ飿
㵱λҲɣ
Ҳš
һ͵˹
Ѿˡ
һЦúͶԷϻҲָ̫һ
أ
ʦþȫƣ̸оǱһ׻УһΣŷ˳ȥ
ɳͣɫףڴڵĴŴ
ͫһ˼Ŀǰꡣ
Էһ⽫Ĺڵɢ
ˣɡԷҲδ̫ˣȫʢڵԼֻǿ
ѵͻˣ
ȭͷڶţʦݷףͻΣҲţô쳹ƿ
αȻͬҪƿأҲҪܳһʱ䡣
һͻƣʩչȫģ
˵ˣһµʱ䣬ʵϣʮҾͻƳɹʣµʮ죬ΪϤˣųѰԷġ
Ҳ˵ΪӦ˽ӽʮ죬ųɣ
ԷʲôطʱͻƣҪӦҲûô򵥣
뵽㣬һͺȣһȭ˹
ӿرɫ
ǿȫ֣ȷͬ졣
һָ

ױɫȭͷԷһָ棬ײǽϣ޷ǰֺ
°ɣ
ָٴһ
أۣ
ʦʮͣڿУѪ磬ɫףûȥ
ֻһ£˸صˣ֮ǰƣء
ôܡ
ͫʦ¶ŨŨľη
һ¶սѾķ֣ԷΪͻ飬Ѿ׹̣õıԼҪ˳
̶̼ӣαͻƵ顭˳㻹ΪӦ
㡭ģ
¶ãʦ˶Щ֪ˡ


2100 ѹʦ
αֽȻͬͬն
ӵܹ֮˳ͻƣҪƿҪѲ֪õʱ䡣
ˣԷ֮Ҳ̫żΪȷ㡭
ȷգ۹ͱԷˣ
ûʲôܵģ
˫ֱ
ͻ飬֪ʵǿ
ѹֶԷܹ˺ѿռ䣬⴩α֮ȣʮֹ
ֻҪԸ⣬ŵһ𣬾赲һʱ䣡
Ҳţ
ʦٴγ˹Ļ
֮ǰҪ׽ǰλȡͼݣڣԷʵͬȡѾˣ
Ϊ֮ƣֻ취նɱܻ
һ־þȫ
ռ˺ѣر
Ŀռ価ܱϲԸȹ̣ɳܲסǿߵȫ
˿ˣǵһЦһнһеӭӶ
ӹ󣬿ʦȫֱһǿѹסָе̫ԼϵѥҲȡ߶
顱ͬ£Ƕ֣λʦ㲻Ҳѣοס
ο⵽СƼ֮ᣬԼŵ˵ĹѾˡ
סٴο˹΢΢һЦ
ѾչʾʵԷ㲻ţ޹ؽҪϾѾˡ
ôʱ䣬ͻ飬Ϊ̡ҲʦĿЩɢңǿҪˡ

˻еĲԾ˭
һƿһ֣Ҳûôٶȡ
ʦ˵һͣ
ԼǿʦˡһЦ˹֪Ӧóƺ㣬ʦʲô
ͨź󣬿ʦ֣ʮ֣ʱ;ǰλǼٵġ
ڣٴʩչĿʦ
ٲô£ɵˣ
ǰλӦúԼķһǿʦķ
ΨһֻҪͬһ£ǷָԼ꣬ɲʹ似ˣ˼άͱЩͬԶԻˡ
ˣʦȻҲͬ
пܣǰλָ˿ʦĶˣŻ֪Լӵһ֣ŷҪȡ
ΪͬͬԴԼֻҪ˵ǿʦԷֱӷϡ
ߣƾʲôͬ꣬ӵѧϰٶȼ죬Ϊ֮ʦ˵硭ңֻܶѹǧꣿ
ʦҧ
ƾʲôԼӦɣ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ԷӦǿʦָĶˡ
ʦܹΪ֮ʦ磬ƾĲѹ˵ΪͰԵͲػ
ôκ˵ΪĿģֶΡôܵ˵磿
ֻҪɱ㣬ɱзҵˣҲԺ覴ã硭
ʦ
㻹ǲҡͷѹǿԣ˶ʱʱƣ淴ԽѻԽ࣬Ϊը÷ǣ
ǿȨͳһʱһֱˡ
֮ڷο
ʦΰˣаΪҵķˣ
ڸпһ뷨ð˳
ԼͷҲദܾãһȻϲװƣЩNɪؼû˼ΪΡʦˣ
ǡħȱĹûκȱݣħᵮʦ򣬾Գ棬Գɹأͬûȱݣɡʵϣȱݣ
򣬿ԸѶķԼġ
ǿƥʵϣȴڽԭѾ˲֪꣬ȹޱȵķ򣬸ĵײħ
ǰλпָܾγɡ
ʦѹڸǰҶ룬һ뿪ϲԣ磬ǧ겻¶棬ټǰλƿ˾ԵȨ
ģҲûôˡ
˵Ƿָ˿ʦҵķָʲô
һΪһΪơ
ָһ֣ʵҲڽһԸָ˳ȥ
ͺǰλʦӦýԼĲػʴ룬ǰλ
ʦˣԼķأ
òơһ˰װƣ԰ڣû̫ªϰ
ӦǷָˡҰװƵԸԣ˷Ҳűõ͵˲١
ܿ죬лȻ
ϲװƣһҪ͵
֮ǰû֣ǰλǿʦ׹
ȻʱҲװһ£ɵ͵˹裡
Ʒʡ
ܿܣ˵ʲôȻʲôˣ
ǰλ磬ʦ俴ڻ벻ףΪΣܹͻô죡ѵ
뵽ʲôüëһ壺ǡ䣿
ʦеĿռ䡢ʱ䣬һķ䣡
Ȼɾ磬ɺѥһӵ
ֻǡʦ½µĺ֣֪ĺⶫǱһص
ôڶԷ
֪϶ôʱ䣬֮һ̿ʼֱӶǿ֮ɱˡ
Ǵ䣡һЦڵʱ٣ʦ½ʮҲϲԵһٱ
ԭˡ
ɫһףʦ׹
ԷҪһʱͻƣҲ12ʱ1440ӣ86400룡
һٱĲ࣬ϲʮķӾͿͻƣ
Ȼܿ죬ɶǰλ˵ɲ
ԣͨͨܲλá
ʱϲԵʮ֮һ
ڲĻҪʮķӲͻƵģֻҪһӶ㣬ɡ
Էɾò죡
ֱӽڵĿռ䡣
ʱٸϲԵһٱҡ
Ҳ˵ԴӽǸĤ󣬴ںʱһ򱶣
ԭҪ86400ͻƣֻҪ8룡
ԶԷŵʮ
ʮӣﲻʲôʵڴڣ˳ͻƳΪ飬û׹Ϊ
ֻǵʱû뵽ˣ
Ȼˣְɣ
һ£޷ѶԷʦٶ˵һȻ
ΪԽԷڵȱ֣ʱͲڱ𣬽ʧˣ
ϿɵˣÿһŷͬѰ
ǿʦķɱôھͽӡл˵ɡ
úͶԷ˵һȫѹȶ¡

λʦʱӡΪ׽ס
ô˵Էǿʦķδãλ֮ʦжۣҪԽ޴ҡ
ͻ飬պȥصĺɫУʲô
ѹĿʦս۵ռ䣬δżȥǵͷһۣ۾·𿴴˲֪Զľ룬ǸȻ档


2101 СƼ
ѹںɫϷǶס©ľ֮ǰһֱȥ̽飬ϧΪ̫ͣ޷ڳ飬ɫܿ£Ҳ̫ηˣ
ֱУԭҪʱеľ룬ӹ󣬾˹ȥ
޴ٴγǰɫͣתռĴѺۡ
Ϸʱеһͣ˺·Ҫ̽ȥ
ȥ
ĵȫܰסһΣ˽ȥ
̣
Ŀռ䣬ͣ˺ϣαǿ߶ⲻסڵ˵ѡ
ǰǸڵ֪ͨͨδ
ȴһ֣ʮ㣬Ҫȥ̽һĸо
ѵǽڣ
еǸʦ½ϲԵͨżͣ
ǸͨӰټأֹˮ͸۷ӡʲôпʦӰڡ
ǰҲˡ
пʦأ֮ǰ֮Ҳǿʦץȡ
ңԼʦҲ֪˹أֻҪսʤԼͬԻһ֮
ֻϧԼ̫ǿˣŵͬ޷սʤȻǹռˡ
Ȼȥһˣٹ̽顭
ǰУ˲ڵδż룬һΣ˳
ΪԼͿʦսԼˣ϶żˣЩȥˣ
ɻϣû̫ʱ䣬ͨܲ
һȫϢαװα
ͻᾭ٣ΪαװܹƳһЩ
һץ֮ǰĿռ˺ѿһ˽ȥ
ٴγ֣ѾʯϷ
׼ٴ˺ƿռ䡣
һ̣ǹϷ
ٹȻû˿̧ͷܿȥ
ͨšڣĴŵսʱѾ׽ʬ塣
ʦˣ
ܵϢŵ˷ܵǰһǼ
ȻǱȴû̫ƣҲ˿Σ
źڵİ͹ѾץҲͶˣŲʵͨսҲⲻסȫץˣ
Ž͡
׵׷׷ɱ뿪ʣµľһɢɳ
ŵˣﵽα񼶱𣬸α񾳱żǿƣҲⲻסټʮɣҲμսܿͳһ浹ľ档
ŵĸּȫûʣµ֪УȫͶˡ
˾ͺã˿
ĴżϺɾµǿߣ϶ռݶõģľαǿߣŵͻƣټϣԼϲԺնɱԷʮͷαǿߣҲͲΪˡ
ѯһᣬ֪ĴȻ٣ȴûô˿
СƼĹǻңѼҪȥһ¡
СƼΪԼ
ҪסʦҲ˳֮Լյͻơ
ռˣ
֪ʦͷ޳ĸ飬սһŵ˾ͽճɻҽķ۳
üʲô
Щ۳һȼաſЦһǰһָ
æȥȻԶĿУһŽɫĻ棬ͣȼա
СƼʦɱճɻҽòƾλá
һΣǰ漴ü
ǰĻ棬ȻȴܵС
ѵСƼû
̲סһ㶡
ʦĳնɼʮ飬ֱôã˵ɾ϶Ҳˡôо

֣һ̳ͻأڻ·
Ǻأʦ½Ǹ
̣
Ӽ̳Ӷ档
ܣ
øӾ޴󣬱ֻСʱúͳ˲ߵͣӶγһֱʮ׵Ļ
ԽԽࡣ
үǼ̳֮Ĵ͡
أͶͬʱǰ
̳ͣ
ɻ
֮ǰһ̨֮ͬ䣬еĿռ䴫͡أ
֮ǰΪ˽רŴʦ½̳ĿľΪʹ̳֮ⷽĴ͡
ֻǡ
̳Ǳʦݻˡڣ˵һ룬ͻȻһסѵǡݿ֮ǵǸ
ּ̳ϲֻһȻҲûʱ䣬רŻʦ½ˡ
ݿ֮ǻһ
Ͷ𰣬ȥˡ
Ȼ˥֮
뵽㣬æȥȻ̳ðĺɫ壬˥֮ұ֮ǰĸӾ롭øԼıȾ֮Щơ
ѵ
һ뷨ͻȻð˳ƿռٴνݿ֮ǣͼǰĻ棬ȻըһСƼ˸˳
СƼ
۾һæǰ
ǰһ֮ǰû̫һë͸ճǲõС£ΪȴԼһﵽ龳硣
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֮ǰԷԹԪùαѪҺַ˲֪٣ûΪһ˿ôαʦնɱǵûֱӿԽ󼶱𣬱ˣ
Լ죬ΪŬ츳Ѿ˳ԣɶᡭôҲô죿
ǰ
ȶһ³СƼһƨ
⡭ɻָһЩ
̲סʵ
ûУ
СƼҡҡͷ
ðɣ
üġ
ôãû뵽һﱻ࣬ûֱӽ顣
ѵνƶ
Ҫ֪նô飬Ҳġ
Ҫ֮ղż̳յ˥֮Ӧúøҵǵһ
˼
ݿ֮øǵϢ͸ղż̳͹Щȫһ
СƼӦǽⶫͻα׵ڵľ硣
ֻⶫżǿ˥֮鶼Կ⡣
ˣ˿ʦˣױѹ
ʮɼ룬ŵԾ˳壬Ӷͻ
Էûֱա
СƼϴˮƳ˥֮ĸʴ᲻ᣬЩʴ֮ûһãǴ֮ҲˣŷҪͷá
ĿһƲ⡣
ݿ֮ǣͷСƼһֱߺŶˣҪõġ
ֻʱԷʵ̫ǿûڿŪãһﻹа취ƶԷ˥֮
ǰһ²һֱͨļпһرĳޣ
ֻϧʧȥˣȻǿٽԼ磬Ҳиɽ
ֻǡ˵ĿɽǿԼĿɽǸ˵ȥҲ̫
ˣˣҺҽķˡ
ڸпСƼͻȻŤƨ˹һصĴ
۾һ˵
ϴҴûʵɾǿߣΪͷգʱɻҽΡòҲǣ᲻ᣬҪûգҲʵ
СƼ
⡭
۾һпܣСԣ


2102 
СƼйɿѭǱճɻҽͻƵġ
֮ǰȻԹֻһᣬδպڣ᲻ᡭĽտйأ
ɣСƼͷ¶˾Ȼ֮ɫ
ʵܿٻָ䣬˵Ҳкܴ档
˼һ£ʵѾﵽ龳磬ϲͨĻ棬ѾûκЧˡ٣ЧΣ
ϲĻ棬϶ҲȲϲԽٵĺƽ٣֮ǰţһֱסϲڿ翹һºƽ٣ûΪ˳㿴СƼܲܽٴͻ
תαװʧ
䣡
дڵĻ棬ͷȼա
٣
ֺƽ٣µ˼㣬ͺϲԣڶų⣬Ҫѹɷĩ
ŵɫ΢䣬һ־˵ǧ֮⡣
Ѿﵽαе۷壬ּԲע⣬ͬǡ
½ֻҪ֣˾ηοΪ顣
ԽѻԽһһϿգʱ
׼ӭӺƽ٣ûжԶԷõĻʱƻζһ£ͻȻһɫ̺£ֱСƼͷ
̣
ֻһ£һȫɫë̱˺ɫһӶ
üëһ
׽٣ΪɶܹȥСƼˣ
үүġСƼҲˣͷ̧Ƿŭû
꣡꣡
ӣȫͷϣٴƮ춼ˡ
ȥһòûʦնɱɣ
Է˼£ԽԽ㣬һȻĳ嶯ҲͲסСƼϷֽſɡֱ֣е׵ӭ
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תȫӲ˫Ŀأ˵ֿ׼
꣡꣡꣡
һ£ڽȣʱ˵ֿ׼ȥ˺ü룬ûԼϣͷһͼյȻתһ䣬ƫеٴСƼͷϣֱð

ſһ̣СƼҪˡ
ǹҵֵ׽٣ǰ׽٣
Լʱ򣬺ûô׵磬Ҳûô󡭡
Ծģҵ϶а취ġҲˡ
ͻ٣ΪβԼҪƹȥƼ̫Ӧˣ
üëһָ⽣͵մ˹ȥ
ȻԷԼǾ

֮ɢ·ڶܣֺԱߵۣȻǿȴԼһ
꣡꣡꣡꣡
ּ£СƼͣ£ëһء
ᣬˡ
׼˻զˣг𰡡
ҲšԼƹȥСƼ˻ٴճȥƲ׵һս
ûɶԶСƼקסš
ˣˡƣ㻹û£ҾͱˣһԹƼޱ
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һᣬ
˼ң˼ҡ㵹ˬˣҶ
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ǰռļһΣֻԼɡ
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䣡
£СƼ˺ö£ëĸˣٴתͷҪٰҵֵһ£

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ȥϢ˵Ҳ˵һΣٴĵѻһĳסԴ˯˹ȥ
û£˿һɻɢƿ˹ȥ
ͻȻüëһأָǰþƽ

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ץͷ
˵ͻ飬ٵ
ôԼ׽٣СƼ˸ˣ
ƺ鹦йء
˰죬벻ףֻεĻصŵ˸ǰ
߸֣Ƿһ£ڣԺαӦûôˡ
һȡ߱飬֮⾳ȷͷֻҪģ̳񣬲ҰȷλãԶȡǱߵα֮ɾǿҪͻƣҲûôˣ
л
˿е鼮һزͣ
ȡ֣Щţǧ궼ģǰλȴһȥ߸
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Ϊͻ飬Ѿܵ磬ѹƲסֻҪԸ⣬ʱƿռ߽
ϲԵ˵Ѿû˰ҲûҪȥˡ
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ȷǰλΪʱӵв飬ڲٳϷԣڿʵ̫ˡ
ȷпšڵĺ·ա׸𣬱ʷĳѹ
οԷڿΣΪġ֣ԺڸֵֻԽԽ࣬ĴţԽԽǿʢ
Źȥһݿ֮ǣ
Ĵţٶ˵Ŷ𰣬ٴݿ֮ǷӶȥ
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һ£ĴѰңȴ֣֮ǰ̳Ѿʧδֹһ㡣
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̳ʧˣӡӦͷ­ٲ뱻˷֣ҡͷ
Ϊﵽ־磬ǴλãʱζҲֻ˵һԭ
Էٲҵˡ
ֻǡⶫǧ꣬ʦòҲôͻȻ䣬ʧˣ
ѵΪԼһ֮
ҲҲãοСƼɳ˯δѡ
»صǹǰĶ𰣺˵˵صɣ
Դӽȳһֱæûϸѯʹ֪ѶϢ
ǧǰ콵ݿ֮ǺǾͺʧȥϵһֱϲԣδϣԣſʼܺϵɵ鷳
Ц
֮ǰӭͨŵ£Դ˵Թͨ飬Ҫ˵̷쭡ǲ˵ʵڲ֪˵ЩʲôΪá
ǧŶ֪ǹԹͨ飬ʵ֮ϵͶˡ
֮ÿ벻ϣֻΪŲӰˣ
飬ĸǰһμ룬ȴ˻ҸҡҪͨ룬׼
˻䣬ҸҼķԼݣȻзԸֻ


2103 
ŵ飬ͺ֪ĲˣʵôǿûסԽڴѹˣѪɾꡢ衢ޣҲأͽͻα
ͷ
Щ飬Ѿ飬²
ûãܵأٻʦ½飬ҾͲ֪ˡڣع磬ֱƿ½Ŀռ䣬ûֻͣҶշҲδ˵
ǡ˵ʲôط
ĵĵط
ҡҡͷû˵ȻӦ񹬣Ҳҵ˵Ȼֻǲ²⣬ֻ˵ԵټܻţмĻᣬˣһнݣ
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ֱƿʦ½磬磬ʵ֮ǿԶڵԼΪȻ˵ֻѵʲô޷Ĵ£
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Ҫ飬ͺãʲôʡ
ѯһЩص飬Է֪Ҳûôֻ࣬εҡҡͷ
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Ȼŵһͬﵽα۷壬Ϊ˿ʦǿߵ˸ǱֻҪӵ֮˳ͻơ
ֻĽоΪٴһ㣬ԼԽ⣬ȫ˶˵Ժ
ˡνʥܳΪʦ½۷ԽӹɣʱõЩʱǴһµ磬ӡ
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ӣԷȻͬգȴû̫ԼһͬΪ龳磬ֻСˣۻ롣
֪ڲоΪʱӦã
ԷȷȽָҪȫĶࡣ
ô˵ֻСƼҲǿߣڵԼҪ

˳СƼſһģָͱȥһٴһ
߰ɣ
ԷغãͣЪǰз˹ȥ
ڣ嵽׶űֱǰ
ڵͨǿռαǿ߹ᱻֱӽɷĩͻƵ鼶𣬸˳ԽĹȻǱȴܿ⡣
죬֪˶Զ֮ǰʦ½ͨһŰĿռ
˽ȥ̸еתס壬漴е˺ѵ˷ϮҪ˺飬ת͵һԾ˲ԭʧ


ʮ߾ ˣ


2104 
硣
بŴڣ֪ˣ飬Դм俪ʼһֱۣ֮ò˥
Ѫҷ絶
һӰڻ̵ɽȣءǰС
ͻȻͣһʯ棬ղغΣһӰԶ
ǸɫҰá
ӰԴɱ촽ּһľ͵һϷһâݱһĽ
ࣣ
ӲһףɢڿС
ԷӰϣһɣӱֱҰ÷˹ȥļʸ
ಣ
Ѿ˷Ұúһţ塢׵ľ룬ľڵϣͣζ
תͷһ͵ϮӰųЦԾҰʧԭء
ϧεҡҡͷӰЦ

ʦ½֮ʦϲµһˣ֮󣬾ȻֻӶץԷӣȥԻЦ
ʵû취
ֻܳҰˡ֪ԵĻᣬûץѰˣεҡҡͷ
Ѿˡ
Ƕοռ󣬾͵
ͽϲԲͬδԣϸ룬˸á
ġǧǧᡱǺǿ󣬵Ŀռ̫ˣһУˣ㱻˺Ƭ
Ҫظĵ׹Ѿˡ
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տŰʱʱα꣬͵޳ûҪǣûκ
£Žѹȥڳ׻ָ֪¡
֮ǰϲԴԪԼ౦ûЧСƼϴˮƺЧҲˡ
ˣ޷ԣֻܳЩҰݣҺЩֲȻѳԣٻ̺һ㹻ÿġ
ȻǺ͵ǰ״ԱȣЩؿֵǮҰݣ͵ϲԣǿ鵤ҩƷԪϣ˷ѣ
̫ˣͬն
ҲˣϲԵһˣͨû̫
пܣһֻϽϲԣһɣǿ߶δܹ⡣
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ʱٱϲһٱռҲȹһٱ
ⲻܷУ·úۣҡҲеˣ
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ΪͻƵ飬㵽ҲһۣԳ۳Ұ˷ζû뵽תۼָͨ˵
·ۡԻܿ˻ᴭѾ˻
֮ǰմԽΪǸϲʦòҲûǱ
ֱʱס龳磬Ϊˣ˵ˡֻӶδܹù
Ұƴ˰죬ץƲ˵ջˡ
ֻҲһ
ҿֻûȻҪϰ졣

ں˼룬ö࣬Ĵ󣬶Ӹˡ
ҰɣһʲôɵӣԼײϣζһˡ촽ǿסƣǰУƹһɽ꣬۾ͻȻһ
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԰ɣЦЦЩ٣ҷһ£ҹһٳȥңܲҵĸһЩǿִУ
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ȥڳһʮĸˡʮһλ״νʥǿ
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˵꣬һΣֱ˳ȥһʧɽ֮С
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һ죬ƣóԵĶǣԼǿסһ뵽㣬Ϊѧо˵ζ
Ϊʦң
·һ˲䣬ܿ磬Ҳûô࣬Щˡ


2105 
֪ӱѾʱһߴĹľУǰȥ
ǰǼˣʮģ
ղ˶ŰӱСĶأ˹
ŮԱŰɽǰȥѰʲô
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ǰһ߸ˣʹģʮңһۻȣȻԼһͬΪ龳磡
ؼǣɽ᫣⼸ӦУûôۡ
ˣϢһ£ҵǾͻȥΪ׵һ꿴˿Ѿ׹ĺգ΢΢һЦŵ
ãϢȫһˣԽϵıȡ¡
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취뿪
ЩꡢŮδԼг˼
ⲻ֪ĸɽûʲô˵߼ˣŪã
Լһ˵ҲˣҸֻҪһֱǰУ߳ȥڸĸӵ˶ں棬Ͳ׳ˣ
Щ̽飬֪ɽʮϡӵе޵ȼȴǲġ
ܳһǶ֣ˣȫû׵·
һߵĸ߼ޣҲֻܵˡ
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ҹڤǣҹڤѧԺ
ȴûκα飬ˣҲΪ˴ѧ
ѧ˿дɻʵ֪ʦĸѧԺ
Ȼʦ϶Ͳʲô׶֮Ӧòɱ޹
Լ˼׾ѧ㿴¶ڣǡ
Ը˵겻ʣ˱ȭȻʦģҵطϢɣ
ǰˣΪɲ⣬޷Ѿ˼ɵ
ûаӰĻɽͻȻðǿߣ˭顣
ˣҹڤѧԺѧӣպҺԺҲʶѯһЩ飡òˣôֱ뿪
ǰʶԺͫһ
Ժʵɲ⣬ȻﵽƷľ磬ǰλʶ񲻴Ϊ£
ѹ޷ʵǿߣ붯֣ǵʵ¼ֲһͻᱻɱ
ڳ죬ѯʣԷνҹڤǺҹڤѧԺʲôطҲô߹ȥ漴һ˵ҼԺһֱչУһʶҲûʲôѣ֪ǰγƺ
һʮҵˣɱڰǰ
Ǹں汣Էλǿߡ
ʦ꣬ͻأ֣ȫһ㶣ôˣ
Ȼһֱ󣬲δ䷢֡
ǳΪΣôܷĵ£˿Цһٶ˵ٴο¶ɡ
ҹڤѧԺʦѾӽʮˣԺкѣʶδǰλ
ϸȥʵȻҲǰλΪнסȻ
Էʵ±Ժ˿
ˡ׷ơ̫Ѩ͹İѨ˵ڤ׹ȷ˵ٶΣг⣬δϣӶ
Ƥһ̧û´ӦҹڤѧԺīԪʦɣ
㡭ô֪
īԪһ۾Բ
ѧԺС֣ɡе⣬ɲܹġ
һۿ֮ǿƿֲ
Ҳ֪Щ֪㺣ѨʱЩճͣؿ޷ͨľˣڱǳѪؿڷƣ
⡭īԪʦٴһǲ˼顣
˵֮ǰĹϲãԼ񱼶Ϊ߻ܿԼе⣬һ˵
ʮϤǾֻһֿܡ
ԷʵԼʵ̫࣬ԽԺ
ֻǿߣһۿԼĹеȱݣ
ּǿߣȻ˵ʶԺȻ׹ݵѡ
Ժѡ
Ǻ棬ϧߴ˷ڤڤ뺣ԻǵҪ󼫸ߣ꣬ûﵽ־磬ǿû⵽ɾͲˣ

Էղųʱʹ似ͼݣ̿ȱݺ©
տʦĻ˵ĵȼԽԽߣʹͼݣɵķҲԽ󣬵ڣҪ̽Ϣ˳뿪ͱʹãû취
ֻҪߣܻдȱݣοԼΪԷסѡ
лǰָ㣡īԪʦͷ亹乡
֮ǰлɵĻھû뷨ˡ
ͶԷ˵һȷΪǿŵµѾγɰˣѻָˡ
֪ǰɷ֪ƺû֮ǰĸ߰īԪʦŵˣһϿҵʵ
¡˿ͷ­΢΢𣺡


2106 ʮ
ԭǰһ£īԪæȭ
ʲô֮ǰҵ֣֪Ϊˣ
ҡҡͷߵ
ʦ½õļҲоˣҲͬûôʵ
⡭īԪʦɫһ졣
νľֻǿѣԱֱ˵ʶôʧ
Էѯʣ֪λشˡ
ˣԺʶҲúҿҲΪѺ󱲵ġǣպе£Ҫ鷳һ£
ǰµ˵޷ֻҪȻƴǡԷ׷ʣīԪʦ˿
ҵѧΪδЩ·ΪʦֱӳߣңһмҪȥʵһ£пܣǴҹڤǣ
ȻҲװװæὫĿǰе⣬ϸ˵һ飬ڣܼܲԸܲҵԼ·ӣͿԼֺˣ
лǰīԪʦؼæȭ
֮ԽΪ֪
һ㣬Ҫȷпܿٽ
ǰλܰæָǺܴˡ
ڡԷѧصҹڤǣʮּ򵥣ѧҲҪ˻ȥ
ܳûѧĹϵǿߵ͵ˣ
Ǿͺãغ򼴿ɣһǹ㣡ԷӦ˵ͷתȥͻȻ䣬ϵϢֱ칬һ֣ѹ֮С
ǰ֪ԷΪͻȻԣīԪʦһæ
ȻӦҵ飬Ҫã鴦꣬ҵѧһëΣҲף
ˣ
ǰģ±ض߾ȫϣ˿īԪʦɫء
е⣬һѧù
ԷӦٶ˵뿪һʧɽ֮С
뿪īԪʦŲ˲ͷϵ亹
ղŶԷɢϢʵ̫ˣʮҲԶǶ֡
ҿ֮ǰû³çȻܾѧ֮ء
ʦλǰô
ղλɫŮ˹
СƢЩ̫š
ֹ˵ǿˣīԪʦҡҡͷˣץʱ׼ԵģúϢһֱӷ
ֱӷϾ͵ĵطŮһ㶡
ϾҪĵطˣڻȥǰ
Ҹ󱣻ڳ֣ѾʧˣߵѾܲףһʵϱѧԺѧӦûУõģ
˼һ£īԪʦ
϶Σգλǰѧʲô⣬ԲһССʦԳеġ
Ȼˣ磬ȥˡ
лʦѧ֣ˢˢ˿
ĿģΪѧ֣ⶫΣգֲΪ
æµʱ䲻ɽٴɳɳһȺ˹
īԪʦʦѧʦ˵죬
滰һӢӰ˹Ц⣬ŵ˽档
ԭСֵܣ롭īԪʦæȭͬʱĿǰˣ̲ס¶ɻ
λǰЩѧΪƺЩͰ
ѹԼæȥʵֵΣյɽߵ漣
Ǿ棬ǸɫŮһðüλƯ֪ٱŮɫһ±ʮѿ
꣬һ۾Ź⡣
Ůκʱ򣬶Ƚܻӭġ
λгԵģһ𡭡꼱æǰ
ллŵ˵˵ͷͬ⣬
һֱɽʮ죬һγоɡ
īԪʦеһȱݣʦ˵Ȱ޸ģ´μ㣬ὫݲӻȡһƬҶ˹ȥ
ֻ棬úɫ֭ҺдһЩϵݡ
īԪʦ꣬ͫ
λʦݣĻҪϸ٣صȱݸģԤϵȫΪҲԽԽǿ
лʦīԪʦȭ
ԷȻֻһݣҲ֪⣬Լ
зǵûԹоĲ١
Ϊѧ˾ģ϶ǻˡ
Է˲ٳԵģټīԪʦʵɱޣԼѧǿˣĵһٷˡ
ԬγƤûԵ˻
ȻҿСƼûѹȻͲǻôˣƣûˡ
£ĿҰ⣬Ȼ
֣֪ʲô˵ʲô˵˰죬δɻ
һֱѯʣĲ֣պýЩҲڣҾͺϸ˵һ£
ˮ㣬˶һȦīԪʦ΢΢һЦڵ
磬󣬲֪ôڵҹڤǣֻв۵һСطѣˣǰЩѧ򵥣Ĳ֣Ҳ֪Ĳ̫ࡣ
˹
Է֮ʱ˵ȻĻ⡣
磬ΪŴҲΪ죡īԪʦ
֪ǲҲǴ˵еľŵۣƺΪ԰ڣæ
⸱飬ɫŮӣһ
ŵۣīԪʦ˵ͷ죬ֱǣ졢졢ϷԴ졢ĸ졢ڤ졢ϵ졢Ľ졢ϵԼǵشĻ죡
죬ŴֱɾλÿһӵлصƿһȨƣ£˾
īԪʦ¶˳֮ɫ
ŵۣƿ£ϲԵһվۣ֮ȷ˾塣
ʦ˵³һλݴۣ˫ѾǾʮˣһ֪ѧ
ǳһλݴۣ
īԪʦͷ˵λۣеţӳʼ̶̼ʱ䣬һҫ磬ƵðλۣԼݣҲλ۾ûˣֻҪϿɣ½»֡
ʮۣ˵ͷĸп۾ּ𣬾ʵ̫ңԶˣм䲻֪˶ټ𡭡
δ䣬ȺһѧǺĿʦ۾жǿ˵һָһУǲģ
Ȼġ
īʦ˵ͷڵΪƷ飬Ʒ飬ԺƷ飡֪˰ɣ
Ӧһ
֮ϣͬΪƷƷƷȻ󡭡Ʒȴͨͷ𣬴ﵽżÿһվۣ֮Ļ죬Ҳܹʮλ
īʦ֮ϣǵ۾ϿɵĳǿߣģܶҪ࡭۾ϣ൱սѶĹҲݴΪҪս۵ԭ򡣡


2107 ݴۣʦ
顢۾
аסͬʱɻ󣺡ءʲô𣿡
ɴϲԣͨֱնս磬ǿƿռϣȴֻ˵ˡ϶鼶ܹɣδؿ
Ѳɡ
ڵ۾治룬ֻоλÿһվֳۣ֮ǿߣôһ½С
Լӵͼݣ켶
룬̲סڣīʦ֪ŵ۵ĳƺŻ
ѯʣīʦ¶ɻı飬ǵ˵ͷŵۣεǵ䣬ҵССۣҲֻ֪Ļĵ۾ΪǬħۣҲΪǬ۾ϣƿķ˶ֻءĶ죬ƿۣմգ׳죬ӣ˫֪ľͲˡ
˵ͷ
ŵۺݣǰĻʵ۵һɲʲô˶۵ġԷǸѧԺʦ֪λҽƺ˵Ѿܲˡ
֪ǿѯʦǰʵھӦñ˽ɣīʦ
ŵͨ˲ۣ֪ɲ٣ϾٲۣҲ֪ܲʵ˭ɣʣʵ˻ɡ
ֻǱʦµͨˣ޿Ϊѧƽʱ涼ѣЩ飬ôǶ˵ĻҲͲͷīʦǴɽˡ
֪Է뷨Ц
⡭īʦһ£ɻɢ
һЩ޵ʦԴѧʮÿμ棬ǲ񣬲û̫ϻ
ŵ飬˵Ҳˡ
ˣ㿴ǣûﵽ飬ͻƣʦҲ˵ֻ˵ʱû죬ҪŬֻлۻͻƺ󣬲ܷӳǿսҲʵ̫ϡˣ̫ˣҡͷ
ʦǸʦϵֵʦԳ֮Ϊʦˡīʦп
ʦʦһ
ְҵΪʦ죬ֻʦ½УϲԶδû뵽֡
⼸ʮͻȻģԳʦʦã𴫵ҵ󣬶ԴѧĽڷϵЧãѧҪͨ˸һЩ֪īʦ
һ
ʦʦã϶Ϳʦйˡ
ϲԱԼѹǸȷǷԼһѾ
ʦ½꣬ϲԵʱʮ֮һǧ꣬Ȼʵ̫ͣӦʱ٣ɲӦ޼
Ҳ˵ϲԵİٷ֮һʦ½ǧ֮һ
ʦ½꣬ﲻʮѡ
ֱѯʣòͻȻʦãӰŵ۵ͳΰɣͨѧԺӦҲܵѵܣ
ʦ½֮ʦΪѾγרŵϵˣ۹ҲʦΪ٣ŵΪÿһĵ۾ͺϲԵһ
ٸӣܵƽ¥Ĺѧ˽㴫ˣѵŹ֡
ҪǡЩͨѧԺܹܶԷ
ʦǿڿαͨʦǿ֪ٱһЩͨѧԺеѧ
Щн࣬ڵѧѧԺѡʣ£ûʲô츳ġ˵īʦһЦ֣Ҳ˵ǣ֡
˵λʦʦõ磬ת۾˵ֻѧԺѡʣµķָɣ֮ӡ
޷֣ǵ츳ȷãϲλ㣬ȻҲ龳綼δͻˣ
īʦϼᣬɽ֮ޣÿʱ򣬶ѧԺյӣ츳ȫ£꣬ʣµģԣӰ첻󣡲
ͣһ£īʦпò˵ȺʦȷЩ죬ЩǿͻƵˣǽ£ȻҲһЩѧǵĵӶҪ죡׷£ҲҪƴȻҲܴһȺֻʮߡĺӣܵˣ
ЩΪʦñƵãȻڿνѧãʮܵɽȻ׷ϲЩˣȻΣȴò˵Ҳкܴ
ھŵۣȻôԡλݴۣս۾ʮǰǬħűԣΣǲö֪Ļ죬ȴٷʦãˣ
īʦҡͷ
䲻֪ȶĽ棬ȴѾ֪϶Ǭħˡ
Ȼ
ݴۣ˵λ½ۣʵ
īʦͷ
ѹ֡Ȼ
ղԷ˵ŵۣبŴڣ;֣ΪλͻȻðһλ֮ĴڣڿӦǿʦ
缸ʮ꣬ʦ½꣬ʱҲӦϡؼǣʦʦ½Ҳ˳ƺݴʥ
Ϊݴۻݵ۾ҲǡǺϡ
̶̼ʮ꣬ݺ½ʦã˵ۣƵǳݣͬ⿪ʦá
ǿʦǿ磬ͬ쵽˾
ȻǲǿʦѾûϲԵʱôȥݼˡ
˼ٿʦ¼ûԱǰܹȥҶԷһҪԼͼݣпܻᱻɱ
ǶԿʦƷ˻ɣƥﻳûкͶԷƽʵǰûٽӴ
ٿʦȻˣм˵ǳͬǾǣԼͿʦƿһ֣ߺϲȻһˣʵﵽ޷ĵز
棬ʥ˶δֿܹס
еѹȥʵīʦղ˵ɽ֮ޣǺ˼
ղŶԷ˵ɽ֮ɻ
ʦû˵Ҳԣǻûĥޣ֪⣬īʦûֱӻش𣬶ǿ˹ʵ֣۹ɽϵŨΣ
ɽ֪ɽ֣Ժȴûֳ̲סҡͷɽûκ޷
һͷˣŰҲˣؼǣϡļûУ޷ȡתڵȻҲڿҰΪˡ
ҺЩҰˣЩȻ֮ʦϲԵһˣܱЦ
ǰˣֻҪûгǳصĵطһ˥ˣڣѾˣ
īʦҡҡͷ
˥ˣ̣ԭأЩš
۷尡Ȼ˳У˥ˡô˲


2108 ˥ܵ
УӦǿƣ쳣㣬ͻƣּ֦ȾƷǿα
Ӳݣ˺ͻҩƷԪ
ǱǲƸ
ԷĻ˥ˣ˥ܣоͷһ
ɽЩֲɰʱ޷ͺûһձÿή
ҲˣÿѰҰˣҪϴ죬һ죬õҲޡ
⡭磿
ݶԲϣôоĹսЩƣ
˥ܡ˥䣬档
ɽﻹвҰ˺͹ʵ̺˥ܡӦóʱ䲢ðɣ̲סʵ
ʱˣһֱûͱһɽκֲڣʱҵľҰˣʵޡ˵˥ܵʱ䣬̫
ʣīʦɻĿòǲɣ
ȻᡭǱһСɽ壬֪Ĳ࡭һߣֻʣЩˣʦȣԡܶ飬֪飡
Ц
֪ԷߵʲôҪСһЩȻ˳˶֪
ţԲԣ̫ܲ˵īʦҲ׷ɢһγ֣ʮ꣬ʮɣʱݣ춼˰ߣˮӴأ˵ضϡĵ۾Գ֣ն¡ع꡿ȣΪӣס硣
˵⣬īʦЦЦȻֻǴ˵棡Ҳ˵λ۾̮ղϡ֮˵УʱʼصͿɢ˳֮⣬һѾסˣ
⡭о𶯡
ʮǰӽʮꡭϲԵʱ䣬ǧǰʦ½ʱǡǰ
ǿʦճϲŽʱ
ֶˣرʦƿ򡭡Ѳɣ֮ʲôصϵ
ϵĻôԼͼݣȱ᲻Ҳ֮йأ
Ͼƾճ֣ͼݣ綼ʹã˵ļ𣬲͡
вòɡ
˥ˣԣͻ飬ѾǰôˣңͻƵԽ࣬ԴԽ󣬼пܣıʣԣŵֻۣܿԳ֣˾ɽҪͻƵ飬ͱȥɽѰ֮ɹͻƣɹߣֻܹԹ
īʦ
Ȼ
ʦ½龳ЩƣԴһû츳ûʸģͳʧȥ˽ʸ
߾ܺܲпᣬȴһ磬ķչڱ
ʦĥǣαʱսǿһɽӦɽҵ֮Ӷ˳ͻƣ
īʦпʦõˣ࣡ѹǼյѧ츳һ㣬ճɾȴЩҪ͡Ŷ˼Ҳ˵츳ͣҲûκ֮⡭
գ۾֪λش
ŵ˲Ц
˵ʦ츳͡ǰˣӿ湻ġ
ʦʦ½˲꣬ϲԲ£ȫʱ䡭
ʦ½Ϊ0.73죬ϲ0.6죬ܹ1.33졭࣬ʱ16ʱ˵˯һĹʦͨˣ龳磬һ·ңС磬ʮ֮࡭˵츳
ʲôЦ
ȿȣҲ⡭ҡͷ
ѯһЩ飬λīʦ֪޲޲ܿ죬˸ֱ۵ʶ
۷ĴڣȷǿǿҲǿĻǾǡûʦ½ôء
ʵΪǿ߿ݺ£ķֻܴڳڲҳţǿп˲գ硣
Ȼⶼڳ⣬ڵĻسڵĹءÿһǵĳžԵȨʵ
ڵҹڤǣⷽһλ񾳵ǿߣͭͷۣǹ룬һ˫Ѫϴʮ˴ɽկĪ
ڱµĹأȻܵƲá
ǿƶأء
ȻͿܱɱȡ֮
磬Ĵַ
īʦɷҽλݴ۵Ĺ£ӱƺҲ쵽ԣʵ
ݴۣǽʮͻȻðĳǿߣʮǰһƷ飬ԶսλƷ񣬳ɹɱλǱһ
īʦ¶ݣӶλճĴۣе
Ǳ񣿡
ŴÿһѡԼǱܽǰʮģһⶼܽƷǰлɾˣ񵥣׷ĶֻҪܽУ͵̤ԴĴţԺǰ;
īʦĽ
ƻԴûоԵ츳ǲܻøģԡְָ񵥣ȥᡣ
øõΣԴ㹻ܻʸ񣬽Ϊ
㣬龳һ
õһһʰһʱ䣬ͳɹͻƴﵽ磬ȻϫУһ˶ռͷߴ۾ͬʱ˷
ֹ˲һ꣬ʼսŵۣտʼ˶ã˼ֱˣ˭֪һͻʤˡļʮ꣬Ծλ۾Լս˵ֻʣλ۾ûԹѾϿݡȻû֪ȻϿݣпܣ˵ۡˣ
īʦѹ
ǣŵۣȻϢ֮䣬ǲҪȥΪá
սλ۾
Ѫڡ
ǿʦĸ磬վ۷ĳ
֪λ۾ʲôΪβԣǺ棬ʵ
ս۾Ӯͨ˲֪ͬΪ۾ĳǿߣ϶֪
᲻λĵ۾֪˶ˣ֮ˣ
ҾͲ֪ˣ˵λ۾ƿ룬Ϊŵ֮ĵ۾Ҳصһλ磬ûһĴţŮ٣֪λã˸Ҷ֪ãû˸Ҵ̡
˵⣬īʦȻһ֪˵̫࣬һЦˣͲ˵ˣֻСŵ۵飬ǵ£Ҳ벻ˡ
ţ
֪ʲʲôٶ˵˶һ죬ƣīʦѧȭͷбұϣ˯ȥ
λʦҲ۾֪˯û˯š
ΨԼѧȫϥڵϣ۾
ʮϡ벻ʮּѣɲҵһһʱ䡣
ţҹϢͻȻͣǸӦʲôһüë


2109 ޹Ų
һīʦҲ۾
ѧ˯ṳ́ʵͬӦʲôһ࿴һۣ۾̲סһ
ı飬ƺʲôɻĿ
⣬ӦҪѰҵĶɳޣīʦվ
ü
磬һ֪ʲôȫ
⣬īʦһƷ龳ޣͷǿóٶȣڵѪҺ;ˣ̺ú󣬿ٶȱü죡ȲΣգûôץѧ˵Ϊʡǵĵ飬ĳѨӦþǻа·̣û뵽Ȼˣ
ΪץⶫţǰȥҪʧˣû뵽˯ҹԼ˹
ǡ죬
꣬īʦһЦѹһ
ЩѧѾ˯Ͼ鼶ǿߣȫգ۹õ״̬һĿ⾼Ŀ
ʦôˣ
ǵİ꣬Դɻ
ԼīʦҲ˵ղſȥķһָ
һ£۾һ˲ûȣǼɳޣ
īʦͷ
̫ˣӽˡ˷ܵأһԾкͬѧҶ׼ã֮ǰ趨ķж
ã
ȫѹζˢˢǰ˳ȥ
뿪Ķ뻮һûκζ˷ѣҲû˿Ͷ̲סͷ
ѧԺ㣬ȷ򵥡
ֻͨ飬Щ˵սȴ
ֵܣϢҹȥǡīʦǺһЦҲվ˹ȥ
ţ㸺𾯽䣬չ˺ʦܡʦãԼʦǣȥȥһ䣬ʧԭء
ɳޣûպÿЩѧԺӣץҲܶ磬и˽⡣
˵ٶȺܿ죬ûȫָǿϣһʯ棬ͿǵѧԺӣѾһΧġ
ǸģޣͲ˵İΧУҳͻǿīʦ˵һٶȷʵ졣
Ⱥѧ
һۣΧ·̲סͷ
ΪһȺݰѧԱ˿̿Χַʱͷ
һһ󷨹ɣмļɳȥ·ȫһＴٶȺܿ죬ȴʼ޷ѡ
ѹλīʦһֱøһȣƲʦյѧӣЩ˵ȷͬ졣
ʶ֮ѡԶһˡ
ͷɳޣӲˡ
ҡͷ
ͷٶȻܿ죬ȺѧץסԷѾ˶֣벻޹ؽҪˡ
ȥָƣͻȻһ
ʥޡ֮⣬ЩÿһԼΧͻǺԽġ
īʦ˵ԷĻٻаСʱôҹ֣
֮ۿ˹ȥ
۸ӵжۼǰ۾һ
ͷɳǰķһǳǳĺۼȻⶫ׷ʲô
źۼǰӣʧĺҹ֮У˹ȥ
ͷޣҹðΣ뿪ԼĳѨҪ׷ĶȻ򵥡
ǰ˲Զͣ
ۼһƬŨܵʧ
üһΣ֮С
յĲ£̫ɭֵ֦ҶïܣڵһƬڣ֮ҲܵƣĲ̫
ͣ
ۼʧӰ١
ͷһȦüͷ
ۼʧĵطֻһЩֲͨûκ⡣
Ѳɣɳ׷Ķƾʧˣ
ֻǺ棬ⶫðΣճץĶʲôǺⶫȻкۼ£ƾʧ̲ŨҵȤ
ͼݲãĲֲҲϲԡ½ͬα޶ԣܲʳã֮ۡ
ֻҪͨʳãӦþû⡣
ȻжҲν֮пһλ춾ģȳԣòɿڣ϶޶
һֱʹãԶ֪֮ĺ
ȻۼʧôԷҪ׷ĶȻڸ
ٴһȦɺ
üͷ
ۼڣǷݵأùԼ
ܹ죬ɳ޿϶׷ϡѵǶݵأɱ񣬲ûбĺۼɻͻȻ۾һŨ̵Ұ档
ݣں̫ܲͻأ⸽ΪѰҰˣתʮ飬Ա֤ûһҰݡ
ҪǿֱӾˣڡ
һ
ˣ
һ鼮Ժ
޹Ųݣ޺Ͳ֮䣬תмãϡѪҩͨ꣬񼶱ȱһӵмĶԣкû취ⶾĻܵˡڶϡ٣Ѱҡ
۾һ
Ҫͼݿʹˣ汻Էȥ
ⶫĵȷһģһ˿
ޣǲݵģ˵ʦ½ϲԣǰڣΪ棬ĶΪݵĶĲݱˣҩüֵ
û뵽ǰҲˣҶЧ
ֱ񼶱꣬ƿֲˡ
ѹɳޣΪ˶ԷϧϳܳΣա
ڶԣӵ˵޹ؽҪ
ô£ǰֱߣס͵ץ˹ȥ
ƺܵвץ֮⣬ǰ̲һΣ͵ش˳ֱǰȥ
ٶ֮죬һ硣
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֮ǰץӣΪ̫أһٱָ˲٣ݶץסͶˡ
һߡףһץ
ָͷţγһ
˫˿ǧǧᣡ
ԽĽ̽ݰڡ
һģһӣȻ֣һůͣʣůƢ
ָһһתڣ޷ߣŷ뻳У·á
ڵ꼶ֻƷزܹ񼶱𣬾ǿҲúˣ
ҩװãصסīʦѧҲˣͷɳޣڶԷУͣȴ޿κΡ
ϲ
ץͷޣ΢΢һЦ
ղž;ⶫ޷ߣڿȻ
ֵȥ
δһīʦü¶ɻ
ȥץޣҾ͹ȥ˿ûҵǣͻˣ߲ˡ
룬߲湻ģ
֮ǰλɫŮѧߵٴο¶˱ġ
Ⱥһ㺦ɹʵǿҲˣ·߲治һı
ؼǡ֮ǰһֱ۹ͣϵʦ֣ԴļŮ֣һˣһˣ˵Ļ


2110 һ
˵˭üëһվ
ԣʦԲС
˵˭˭ƲƲ죺ûʵԺܣȻΣգҪ鷳ͻȥ
ˣһīʦǳ⡣
ʦ̧ͷ
˵䣡īʦü˹ͻС¡
޷ҡͷ
ݺʦ½ϲԣľѳںһСŮƽϡ
ץסɳޣīʦƺⷽѶһᣬȻ뿪ȺѰ˽ӽһʱüͷ˻
ȻҲ˲Ծֻûҵ޹Ųݡ
û̫໳ɡ
ɳٶȣûץסǰλɶͨ飬㿴Ҳδʶ˵ץˡ
һҹ޻˳
ɣִλǰУīʦ˿
һɽȥ
߹һˣīʦѧᳵ·ټϣ˥ˣɽ͵ޣҲѾܵĲˣû̫Σա
졣
ʱ䣬īʦλƷ֣֮࣬ڻ£ʳϣٲõģ䣬֮𽥻ָڵ
ȻΪͻƣ֪£û֮ǰôˡ
뿪ɽˣīʦҲҪɾ裬ɽ⣬вǿɽЩˣʲôܲ˵ģ
˥ˣΪ棬ߣΪܣ֮Ŷӻ߹ÿͣȻΧˣЧ΢
Ұղ紵
׽⣬ͻһֱڣûܹ⡣
ǿɽͬʱɫ˲١
ɽΣգɽֵҹڤξ
ˣ·ǧҪˣ⣬ɽǿɱǣ쿴ˣߵ
ͷ
ʲôδָˣһпԼ
ţɽҺͺãұ㰲ȫǰ
Ҫᣬʦ
⡭ܾЩΡ
ٴҧ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ҹ·
ʦϢһɣٹʱܻسˣûҪһֱ·УҲ١
˴ҹ˶ЩԲˡ
ΪŵˣһԲδκƣ롣
ҲãвԶīʦҲ˿˵ͷ
˸֮ȼ
׼ϢͻȻԶļ漴𶯣ƺһȺ˳˹
ˣ
û뵽ǲԶҹīʦɫһ䣬һӣϨ𣬼æԴ˹ȥ
ɡ
ͣЪʮӰŸͷǰΧס
Ϊ׵ˣֳµںڵͷϣһɫϣͰ׾ӣγĶԱȡ
һңͫһīʦ
ҹڤΧкܶɽʵβ룬Ҫ˵ǿģһң
λɽʲôѾû֪Ϊͷһ飬Ұ֮ɫģ˳֮Ϊһҡ׺ݣʵǱԼǿȻﵽƷ۷塣
ҵͷסµĿһҺǺһЦ
ϴͷȻˣ
Ȼ֪ϴԹͱϻֻٲƣĪ
Ա߼λɽͬʱЦ
ǰһīʦҧҹڤѧԺʦīƣδѧֻǳûʲôǮƣһҵңһ
ѧȻеıͷɳޣһңüһҿһȦ
īʦɡ
Ǻòץɳޣƾʲô㣿ǰÿǻسǣȻŲҵǶˣ

ҵҹڤǵĳⷽ࣡񾳵ǿߣȰʶһЩҶҴ٣϶Ὣͳͳץסɱˣ
һͦŰ
óŮȲαŮҲˣɽȻɳ޵⣬ֱҪˡ
Ůһһ㶣ЦˣСǣ¹λû
£¾Ͳ⵶Ļˣ
úãСƤˣǮˣ
λЩ׷׷Ŀ湻ݵģץסŮãҲ֪

һƬȻ
Ҫʲô
ΪԼݣһȺССͻŷӣ鷳û뵽ʵ䷴ͫһ
ҹڤǣֻҪ֣˭棬ȺɽȻں治
ʲôһЦЦΪһȺѧû뵽һ㣡Сǣ£һˣץסǣǾͿˡ
ãɽЦԴӿΧס
ǣ취ͻΧ
û뵽ݱīʦɫ࣬˿˵ʲôˣѹһΣǰһҳ˹ȥ
Ϊ֮ƣֻ취λԴвȣоͻѡ

ɢһŨѹȡ
Ʒ飬磬ڵײ㣬ȣԶƷ飬ټīΪʦȻв
֪ƺͲ³ᶯ֣һеµûκζֱ
򵥣ȴž޴˲ò
īʦæսֵ
꣡
ӿͣīʦֻûڷ飬Ѫʣ˱޴ѹϥһڵء
ԷµƥϾӸµƣһоͽλʦ
һʮᡭüͷ
ղλ죬ţ֪ˣǺǳ⣬ҶԷɽ˵
Ů⽿ˣҪǣûһ㣬Ұľ;顣
ȻҲô³çˡ
Ȼʵλô˵ҲΪǰȺɽŹԼˡ
ܽҹڤѧԺģǳڵţƣߣȴˡǸԼ
ݺҹڤǲ꣬ԽԽΪԷΪѧĴ
֮˵᳤ֻɳޣԴҶѡ
µīʦ֪λˣСƢֻûֹ
أ
˼һҵµų˹īʦϣֻһ£߾ͺ˳ȥ彩ֱѶ
Ұˣ

ǰȡӣܿ콫īʦ˸ʵ
ôҪҪ
оͽʵǿīʦˣһҵһЦһܣ¶
⡭
ǡˣȫɫһס
Ϊʦ赲סԷʤܹһʱ䣬˳ߣû뵽оͰˡ
ʦƷ飬סУԼȥһжֲס
֪Ǻãͼλ꣬һɵ


2111 ǿұˣ
λ꣬δ˵ҲûһҸǰīʦձĳġ
Ķ죬ʮȻûֱɽΧסһ㣬дŴݡ
Сӣ㵨ӲСȻҲû뵽ʮƷ飬Ȼǰ˵һ۾
Բаɡ
и㶨ǿʦǵ£񽣡ѵýҪ
סձץסīʦҲЩ¡
Ľܼ𲻵ͣǼƷɱϾģʱ취ߣʲô
ꡭ˵
𳤽ָߣȻĿ

ȫס
ðһɽǴŭǰһִİֱӳ˹
ˣ
ûԷǰеĳͻȻһ죬д졣

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˻
泤Уһâֱӽ˳ɽеһʹƣѾڵϡ
һҺλɽͣ£ûιȥ
һƳװƷζû뵽Էôҳĵطȴײȥ
ֻһ£ͽг
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ͻȻֵıʣһҲû뵽Ȼŭеµǰն

дѹƿն
ΪԷīʦһٽֵȴһΣѾµĿǰ
һһģ־ͷϸ
뿥̫˵һҵµ
ӱ
ƥ
Ըӱһܣ˳ȥɽƥǰһ

λҺԼӲȥɧƥһҿҪˡ
ɽҲһĿɿڴ
磬ڱΧסˣʱԴе㱻ľòá⻹֣Ūǵ⵨Ǹж󰡣

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˳׺;Ȼ
пµƥôͻȻֹĶ
𾪣϶ȴͣЪٴ̧µⶫ˭˶Է˵ȴ֣ĵĴ󵶱ò֪أҲٲ
æͷͼ꣬ȻĿⶫҵģ֣
˵ֵ꣬ĳŵ˹
һҼæ֣漴Ѿµģһ
һȥµƥǰһ
һҿҪˡ
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նĶûκôԼԴ͵Էĵϡ
²ѾԷѱ棬Σգ̲ס͵һţϹ
µĹڴŴһҸƾԼǰλѹ;Դһʹ
̶һӡ
ˣ룬µһ϶Ҳѱˡ
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ζ벻ǰһ򣬲īʦĳԼµǽƥѱԼƷ۷壬˴һҽС
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ûǰһȺ˻æתͷһɢ
ֻǸŮĿͬĳ˹ǰ𣬶͵
ʮλɽӽһ룬ûκηк󱳣˵ڵأڴڵѪ
ô¡
һҶҪˡ
٣Ŀľȥ磬޷ôЩѱˣ

֪Ǻãǰһâҫһ㣬գ۹ͽסźĳĲ
ȫס֡
ܵϴĺʱԴʺһٲҶ˵
ɽþɳղű͵ϮֻһС룬һ룬Ⱥоͽǵ˻ڵء
һͣ衣
ɽܹһȺѧΪֵζû뵽ıԷȻƥ
սһнһУХһﵹãѱôģ
⻹࡭ĵͷ
ڵʵȫʩչԼǧǧὣԷܻɱѡ
ֻϡָ̫һһȺ¾ûˡ
ȡɡ
īʦĳȻѱԷĿճʧصʱһá
ʵĶīʦһֻҪץסλľͼˡ
ǽıȫ
ڶԷĲϣ
㡭裬һȴҷֻö˺ǳ⡣
ǡʮλǿеıȫ˵ϡ
ţһһ취ɣ
ǣŵǰȫ
ǲ磬֮ǰα񾳱ѾûôЩɽʹƷĻʵȻӲ١
ǽб֮ȫǰһҲϣ̳Ѫۣ
ҧһץջҧˣû𣿡
ôǿ
ӦҸɵ¡
ǡֻǰͿڴװŵȫ˹ȥ
֮ǰīʦ죬֪ŴͳһʹΪó׻ҡ
ֽױңʦ½Ľƣֻ̺籾ԴϢû취α졣
ʮλɽȻٶöңĵ˵ͷһĨʹӶԷϣָ˹
ֶҲϡȱīʦûС
ǰһҲ˲ٸ̣ǻ˲ֹٴۣŵõģڣԼ
ܿϵȫߣŽǵţЩɽȫˡ
Щһƥīʦеķɱȥ
ЩɽˣץˡԻȡͽ𡭡ֱ뿪īʦæ
Щɽܾͨˣһץס϶͡
ˣ˴΢΢һЦƥǰС
Ůţûиָ汣ֻһƷʦ
Ȼ˸뿪Ӱͳһҵ˸ǰ
˵ģһǾ漴
ǳҪٱǿǱˡһҪЩˣ֮ԷҹڤǬ


2112 ҹڤ
Щ˽ȥ׬ȡ𣬵ߵĶ϶ҪϽٶ࣬ʮöҾͲˣôܱȵϣԶԷ٣
ָͿˣɽУٶöңλһҵĽָУİٶöȫٶˣһЩҩݣԼ
һЩ˲ٸ֣Ȼôļҵס
ڽһңԷڹԼûҪܸһټϾŮλҲͲ˼ԼҪˡ
뵽ЩŹ⽫˰ס
Ǹɫ
λӰѾʧںҹˣǰǾˣ̲ס˵ͷ
ǷС㣬ղŵһĻȫ
λֶ꣬ιŹֻʵǿǣûס
ϱ˼һ£Ӱе֮һԸ⣬˹Щȥ
ǣһˣһ̣ʧԭء

˿ٶȼ죬ʱͿһ޴ĳǽǰ
ҹڤǣ۾ˡ
ǰĳУģΧԶ֮ǰģǵҪ󣬻ɫĳǽ֪˶Զ޴󷨣ܣһصɫʡ
īʦ˵ͷ
أǰ֪Σգ˵ҩʱϢѾָ˲١
ȡͨƣ˽С
һţ̸е˺Ĳͬ
磬ǣҲڣů紺ˣֻһǽ֮ȴǸ硣
п
ֻƾһǽ͸˳ףֳǽĴ󣬹Ȼ򵥣ڵҲ
ҲҪﵽΪɡ
ܹסĳǳأ˥˺󣬾ŵǿģǿ֣߳޷ƻܹ֤ˣĸã
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ͷ
Ϊͨ񣬾ˣԳ֣ѹȶ
Ҳ˵һȫë״򿪡
Ȼеսٶ£Ƥ֮ǰƣʧ
ȻЧǿ󡭡
ֻһ£ЧԵͷ
ʮ죬ͿҰˡʳȡЩΪһֱͣͲǰ˿ᵽǿˡ
䲻֮ôǿȴҲмЧϲԵЩˮԱ⡣
ǺҹĽֵϣɳˮ
ߵģﵽα񼶱𣬶١
ѹ֣λīʦԼ˵ʱô棬ڿ磬һαʵֻ꣬Ҫ֮ͻ顣
ϲԣǧ겻һλĳǿߣһĲֵ
л֣ǵصڣҪչīʦ˿¶м֮ɫ
ΪԷֻǸͨ飬ȴû뵽ֶôࡣ
֮ǰλ죬¶֮ɫɫߺĲҸطȥ
һֱΪǰλʦʵҺǽӴʵʵܲԶԼζû뵽
Χ˺öεһң
Ц֮ǰγ
ԷֻǲƽϰˣȻʮǶ֣
·ǿܻɽ޷뿪أЦЦӻȡһҶ㹦ȱݵһ֣
лīʦ۾ˡ
һ·֮ǰȱݸȻеı仯ǰǿתҲӵӦ֡
ƾ㣬Ϳ˵ԷָЩġ
һۣҳԼеôλɲ⣡
ҲˣѧλԼһ磬ȴɽһ۷
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ڷߣ׺̬ȣڶû壬ǵȸɡ
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һָڲƬ̺һѵҩҩĳġ
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֪Խ࣬еΣоԽء
ѧĸ¡
ûҩģ۾ڵҩϣ˵ģҲвġ
ҩȡ˳һƿ
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ú󣬿ԲԪ
νԪҲڵʦ½ϲԵ
ָУЩһЩ鼮ܿ쿴ꡣ磬һ֪
󲿷ֺīʦ˵һ
мصĸϸˡ
ͺԪΪɢҩЧܲȴʮÿһöҪһöңܹ򣬶һмС
ⶫϲԵԪԪһΪõģͬΪĸƷƷƷƷƷ
ͨ龳ǿߣƷԪ㹻ֻе񾳣ҪƷҩ
ԡ
һȡһöҩȥת̺Ũ
Ϳʦսġֵ飬Ԧڲͣת
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ͻΪЩĻ£ȹԽԽʵ̣˵ϢҲԽԽǿ


2113 齱
˲֪ãڤڤУǰ·һ޴ĺ棬ޱ޼ʣɫ֮εУ޾
߶ȼУҪץסһȡȴ֣͵һǰһУһ˲䳱ˮˣ۾ڷҹҫ֮ǰģһξ
ѵǡ󣿡
ü
ԴʼûֹħżһΡΣҲΪѧˣڻ󣬸ǴδֹôͻȻˣ
ѲɣԼĹвٴ
һȡһհ鼮顱дȥ
ûд꣬鼮һ𣬱ɷɻҡ
ɫһ
ûʹκιҲûжκֻдԼķ鼮ͳܲס
ͣһ£ӴָУȡһӲĺϽ
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ҲˣԹ£Ӧһǧϧȥʪܹʪ̺ԣڷãңѾ򵥵Ĳ֢ˡ


2117 ݵ
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סĵطȷعϷ򣬿ºţʺ׼ȡˮеĳΪãڿô򵥡
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ǳЩóĶ˵δǶԵģǡŮӰڰ֣ĸȥٴοа취ϵİʧҾͿ԰ղ˵ļ۸񣬽Ѫ۸㣡
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ԪʮƿŮɻ
˥ˣԪԵʮʮƿõºУȻܹó˵ҲһСĿ
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ƵҩЧ硭Һϻۣ㸺ƣҸۣõ棬ΣŮ
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ԷۣԼƵҩҲܼ򵥣ȫԽܡ
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ãԪҪڳɱƺ֪ĿģһЦԪһöӦһöңʮƿĳɱһң
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2118 ۾Ѫ
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ǾͺãҶԪȫҪˣ
ͬ⣬תͷԸһ䣬һ˵˵ͷ˳ȥ
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ţһָۣһָģһǧöҪʮöҩ׼ɣżʮڸҾУ
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ãһ綼ͨõҿҩȥõ棬תˣ֮ǰԼһ֣
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ѪܻҪһʱ䣬ĿǰûУҪеҲҪһܵ΢΢һЦģȻҺ϶ٲ˵ģǮҲøңп۳ɣ
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ҹڤǿĳƷһھȻӵпǿߵѪ񲻱ԺлΪǿߣ

ڽչ£Ѫɫĳˮٴλζգ۹һӰֳͷϴڣֳֳǹһϢء
λ¼רſһǹս˷ͬնɱǿƥڻţпѾˡ
ȭͷ
УλӰ˹ȥͬһǹ
ΪλὫӰɣ׳û뵽ǹûǰͬڽһڵأһѧ

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2119 ɽ
۾ؼ۷Ĵڣվڽ
ÿһһص綼Ϊǵתܹ⡣
ղǼһھȻǿߵѪô£
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С˼˵λпǽˣ®λĺ󱲣
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ӡǡС»ص֮ǰĽ߳Ƭȡ˳֮ɨһȦ΢΢һЦ
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һķӶȥ


2120 ֵ
ھһٶ׵ĵطͣһŴ֦Ҷ档
ȫϢǰȥ
һұڵɽǰһ׳˶꣬ԭأļϣһͷƤĻ
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뿪׳˶꣬Ҳȥ׷ϣԣһۣЩ֣ΪҪң
ȡˣʵѣ˿϶Ҳ˲ˣǶһˡҡҡͷ
Ϊ϶ᱻ͵Ϯɹ̲סִˣζû뵽Էʵǿ󣬻пܹװ˯öԷϹ
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ллƴǣο«ſھͺȣֻһڣ۾̲סһþƣ
ȻٺȾƣƵĺûֱܹġ
Է«ľƣϸˬڣƾʮ㣬۵ĽȻͬ
û⣬ֱӺһڣ¶֮ɫ
ֵطƼˮ꣬˶ɵ᲻ھ¶֮ģƴǣǰһȻʲôû˵ſھͺȣӹ䣬ʮֶθڡ
⣡˺һǰȣ˹
Щˣ˿ҲſھͿС
ò˵޵ζȷΪѽ⣬ڼͬһɹʡ
˼ھƣһȣе˲٣һ·ƣĴһЦȺ;ƣǱղŵľ֮ˡһ£ͣǣ
˵̧꣬ɽȥ
ֻΪ˵Ҫ֮Ǿҵ׼ޣʵ˵
꿴һǰķƤһ̧ҹģɽȥ֪Ϊ£
ɽΣأ첻ϸ·Ҫʲô
ƿҪѰͻ֮һЦҲ˵
Ѱͻƣ˵ͷ
ԷʵƷ۷壬ʱͻƣ˵пܡ
ɽȣΣҲϤ֪Ҫʲôͻƣܹæҵ㣡

ġԷģͣһ£΢΢һЦ¹⣬ҪҪ꣬ͻơ귽㣬ҵֻ̫סɽȣ׼һͷѪҺԴмôðǰܲҵԵ
׼ޣҪ׼޵ѪҺһ£漴ϴŹŹֵЦ⣺ʵʤùƷ۷弶ޣ


2121 ׼
ӦʤΡ
ӵС顱УƷ۷壬ɻܣƷ飬Ҫʤˣ
οǿޣ
ȻιնɱԷǻȡһЩѪҺֻҪƾͼݵƣԼ粻֮࣬ƻԷ취пܰ쵽ģ
ѱޣֲһֱսǡϵ˸
вͨǾԪ
ⶫԼкܶ࣬ɽûһЩѪҺѣԷӦòܾ
ʤҲ湻ģҡҡͷ漴⣬һЩ֡ڿҪõ׼޵ѪҺסʲôطǺģ֪
һ㶣ֻҪҵǿƷ۷鼶ޣӦþǡ
λˣֻ˵ͷޣϿȣλãûϸ˵״̬Ҳûϸţ֮Ҹѱܴɶûϡ
Ȼһͷˮˣ
Ͽֻһ·ֻҪߣκһطͿ϶ܹҵ
ǡ㲻̫Ϸ𣿡
Цһбɽһʯϣһζ
ûʲôҲѱޣ֪ǵıԣֻҪ϶а취Ȱ˰֣ٶ˵ˣѵĺþơ⣬Ҫˣ֮ǰϻȥû̫ʱ䵢飡
˵꣬ƹԷֱɽȥ
ʲôȻңѰ׼ޣվ
⡭Щ̫鷳ˣסҡҡͷȻѵΪߣ׼Ϊޣҷ޵УȻѿ⣬ǲͷҲΣˣ
޷Ҳţһ˾ƣ־ңҲӦõģ˵ɶ֪ңҪҵʲôʱ򣿡
ʣµİ«ƣϣǰ
Էŷ֣ǰ꣬Ȼ׶ߣһͷǿ׳˼ǿѹ
ȻѺ⣬ҾˡȻҲѰæöԪ͵ҵı꣡
ָһӹһƿ
ԸǷ˶顣
ԷִæĻǡ
öԪԷƷ鼶ĸ֣ҲǼߴˡ
Ŷӹƿһ£ְοȻƽöԪһöһ£ȷԪ۾һлˣ
˵һöڿУܵмʣµڴЦӯӯǰһɣҴȥ׼ޣ
Ҳ˵ɽȥ
ϿγɵشԽߣԽң֮ڶ
һǰһ˽ӽʱͣǰ׼޵ϳˡ
ǰȥ漴ڵϿУһ޴ɽǰ
ʮ˸ߣ䣬ʲô
ǣԴ֡
׼ޣеĻҪ޴󣬲ȻҲ˿ɽ
ţҪץĻֱӽȥУҸҪæкһɡ
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ڣǽڣһᣬȻʣɽ棬ѵĹҫķ
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ȻƷ龳磡
һɫء
ǰͷһȻﵽƷľ磬һһŨŨѹԿ⡣
˫˿ǧǧᣡ
üëһûκγɣͽԼǿľʩչ˳
һ˲䣬һ״Ľۣ׼޾ͳ˹
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꾪̾
һֱöԷеƣȻҹһ˾͹׼ޣֻ֪Ʒ۷壬սһЩƷ飬ֻǿ
𣡡
â֣׼һֻмͱѡ
ͬʱӱŭĳ˹һצӻ¡
ǰ֪һ㣬һתͷ꣺æ֣
ãƺ͵仰ǰһһȭ
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أ
һʱ飬׼ޱһȭиײǽϣҳһӡ
ֶΣȫʩչ
ҲֱۣǱ˰˸ٶȼ죬ң弫ӲӲ׼ιȻ˿ƶûС
ʮ׼ȻУһ̯Ѫ͵سɽգ۹ʧںҹ֮УҲҲټ
̫ˡ
ѪҺβ˿ƿװ
лѰæװöǰ꣬֡
лȻǰæȻҪ۵ģղŵԪٸʮöǾˡ
һڡ
ʮöü
Ԫļ۸񼫸ߣмУʮһʮöδʨӿ˰ɣ
ղſܺˬû뵽ͻȻɫ
Ҳ֣϶ᱻɱʮöԪԼһɡ꿴
ֻǸͨߣô൤ҩɣҽеĵҩһʮöȫ㡭ͣһ£
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㡭Ҫʲô屻ɫһףæǳ⡣
ʲôɱңҽɱϵĶְɣ
ٺһЦ
ɱ㣿⻰Ӻ˵ҸղſǾ
ң
ιĲΪɱ׼𣿡
ͷ
Ҿǡ׼ޣһͻȻ˱仯һ̣һͷ׼׵ľ޴޳ǰ
׼ޣһ㶣۾ԲѾˣ
޿ԻΣ֪ˣֻû뵽һģһԼûֱ
Ҫɱңҽɱˡܹƽ׼޺ٺһЦ
ȷܹƽ˵ͷҹĿһ˶ԺȾƣôǿһûУ
ʵ͵ƣҶˣô֣׼һ㶡
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ҵȷ޷ʤ㣬ʵڲ˼ղųˣóԵĶ
һЦָһ
أ
׼ޣͻȻ۾һµԲھʹͷ亹˲ð˳޴ͣ


2122 ѱ׼
Ԫж彩ֱ׼ȫһ
ԴԷ棬ֻԹԷԪһöʱϸˣûκ⣬ŷµģѵ˶
ֻǡ
ʲôڤڤиܵؼѹȣһ㷴֮ûУ
ͷ
Ϊݺʦ½ϲԵĶǿߣ飬ϹＶˡҹðһȾƵ꣬ʵôߣôܣţ
ԣǰ׼ԷԪУ˼
Ǻģûд⣬Щܰͨ磬Ƥաģ˼Щ󲹵գ۹ɱɾ綾֮ЯѹȸУϸ֮ǿˣ޿ɵֵ
ܺáҲ˵̫磬ղųԵҲµĶˣҽҩ׼ҧ
жҡͷʱ˵ֻһţ
ж޶ΪʦǿײģԷԹʲԼҲ˷ִ硣
ҵƣûжأʵƶɣֻʺ׼޷ããʱڲ̫ʣ죬ͻƬ׼޵ֻҪҽҩҲһ뿪鷳
ˣҡͷ
㲻ţ
ǣ˵Ļţһ£ոսµĶˣ
׼һ㶣ǲţ˵
΢΢һЦƣϿеġƶɣֹʵֻУ׼άǿģѲ֮ˣ޷뿪Ϊ֪ʧȥν޵УЦ
㡭׼һ㶡
ǰһǹ
ôص飬֪
ҹڤǳѱʮַ񣡻ǰ϶ǶῼǣֱӾܾ˥ˣһֱֻʵԽԽ
ɡûӦΪ
ֹʵǿҪԭֻҪһֱãøǿһͣЪ˥νҲͲˡ
ңⶫѪҺ뿪ɽȾ޷ԣҲֻ޷뿪
ܣ֪ˡ˭ҪѱһھܾƴҲҪߡ
Էһ˵ˣ
֪ģ
㽫Ƴƣһܹ˶Ŀ˷ֱ治ãԱķǿȡΪѪҺͨˣȷ޷ãһˣǻ岻ʵ״˵ʲô΢΢һЦ
ĶǰʲôοһЩʵɵơ
ˣ
꣬һڣڲԶղͷ˯ڣɫȻĿ·ѡ񣬵һһöѪȻҲҪʮöԪģ޶
ڶµĶԱ֤ܽ⣬ҵĻ죬ҵǬ۾Ҳ϶ûκΰ취
ɱ㡭
׼һҪǰ깥һԷµĶȻһգ۹ס˾ʵһ㶼ͷŲ
ʲôͫ׼޲
֪ǿҪѱв¶ģˣԸֶҲ˽һЩƾǿͷδ󲿷ֶҩɶԷġȴһ㷴ûУ
㲻Ҫ֪·ѡѡڶ֮ɿռѪҺҪһһ
֪˵ʵһˣʲôǶԷģ׼ɫһһ磺е·
У˫ֱվΪҵ޳裬ѪҺʱʱṩҿɽܱͬڵķǿң԰㣬ͻﵽ񾳣
뿪ͻƵ񾳣
׼ҡͷⲻܡ
ѾΣܹǳܵƺֽ̣ԣ϶ܾɡʵ޷ɣҲҹڤǣѰҹ˴̽ϧΪ
ǰʮļһܹ
Ұͻƣ
񾳣ôͻƣҹڤҲֻгһ˴ﵽʵˣ
ûʲôܵģ
ͷ­΢΢Ŀ䣺ǿԼҲףòСղ˵һ벻ܻͣ⣬̲ͬһ޷
鼮֪Ҳ̲ݣʳˣѽ
֪кְ취׼޵
γ֪ʲô취
ܹͲˡ
ศɣ໥ƽģ߳û߲֮֮ڱнҩ˵ľ˼иãȻҲнĶڡͻ񾳣ֶû´Ѿҩԣھ֮ǰ˰ɣ

Ρѯʣε֪ԼܺڶԷǰ͸һ㣬ͣ׼޵˵ͷǵģ
ڷڵľȷ֮ǰôͨҲûô׿ˡ
ͺһȻҪͲԷ
޵Уϸ΢ȻҪ˻ģϱûʮȫʮĶ
Ŀƣ»ָǲǾͻƵ񾳣
Ц
Ȼ׼޵ͷ
ĿƾôĻۣǸ磬ѡ
Ǿͺܼˡٴָһ
̣
Էǵʹѣ޷ʩչһ̱˴֮ھпʡ
֮ǰΪǿѾ佩Ӳľ磬һգ۹򣬱ĵطҲͨ衣
⡭׼޵ɴ۾ǲš
綾ڶԷһ֮䣬˴֮Чôǿôģ
ʱͻƵ񾳣Ҫһֱӳɹ֮ʱǵͣ

ȫ½ӲʱͻƵĳ嶯ͬӡһ㣬޷ǰ
һ˲׹䷲ǿʧУҪը
һЦڵ̫Сֻܰάһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ӦףҸղ˵ģûƭξ񣬾Ϳˣ
ܹӲľҲֻάһʱѣܼ̫á˵Էûѡ񣬲ܾͻơ
ҡ
׼޳Ĭ
˵֮ǰɵĻԷߵʱ򣬾Ѿȷǰλȷܰµͻƣ
Ȼˣ·ѡһɵҲˡ
ԸΪ޳裬벻޻ڡ
һҧ׼ްݷһһξѪ˳
ܺã
˿΢΢һЦָһ㣬ѪҺ̺ӡսüģ˳ѱ


2123 ͻ
߰ɣȥĵط
ѱԷδżҪѪҺǿڵ
׼޵ȴ·
֮ǰȾƵǸɽǰУȻż겻ľ
ϷʯѾڿգǹҫ֦ҶϣһʺĹʵϷΡ
ܣо󷨣ΪԶ׼ޣҪȥܣɽ⼸ֲ
ҪԷ죬ǰһֹ̤ͣС
׼޴˸顣
һžֹͣת
ǰλˣͲ󣬱ȴÿһͬ졣
ժһöϸȥ
ƻС࣬ɢۻսڣһּ֮С
ָâֱỮһѪڳ֣Ѫʶʵ֭Һȥ

Ƭ̹˿ڻָ
Ȼˡ΢΢һЦ
ǿ󣬸ҪöƾмǿĻָ
ѹǰһ޵УһֱⶫƻƻʱĳָȻԽԽǿˡ
ʵ⣬֮ͬ
ˣҵľӲ⣬а취Цݣ׼ԴĵĿ
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Խתͷ
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ЩɳԹеĹˣ΢΢һЦ
ˡܳ԰ɣ׼һ㶡
ʵ𣬲Ҷмôɹˡû˵Գ԰
ǣָһеĹʵ̷˹ȥ
׼ɻİ⣬Ĺ¶˳ӲָɣͬӺˡ
ӽУ̸еɬ
ѳԡ׼ҡͷ
֪ѳԣŽɢڣ
ںӣ̺ͬŨ
ɻ׼޻ǵ˵ͷ۾ǵɬս뾭

һڣ֮ǰӲʯͷһľ磬Ȼ
⡭׼۾һ졣
ЩȻԽԽ̣ȣȴ󽵵ˣҪͻ񣬼ԣҲġ
ôû뵽Щ֮ڡЩɬԵĹˣ
֪˼򵥣ʲô
ɶá
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طְҹˣȻֻҪһʣȻһ֮Ӧ
ûκһֶԳѡ
飬акޣп־ġͬͬƽ
ǣ׼һ֪⣬һΣǽǣ֮ǰʣµĹˣ㣬ҵطֲܲܶģʱдãڲ˵һţȫȥ
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ӲޱȵĹʵ˵ʲôƬ̹ͱʵС
ɬ˲䱬žʽڣһɲǼ䣬Ӳľ»ָۻڱڣϢԽԽǿ
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꣡꣡
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ͻƾ½˼ƿԪ˽ӽʱ׼ųȹΪһΣ֮ǰǸģڵء
л˳ȫ
֮ǰлбȵĸовʣһɨգҡ
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׼Ҳ˵һٴλָģצһ˺Ѫʶ
һһץѪͻëڹӿͬһʱ̣һ㣬Զϵ֭ͬҺȫ
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ѪϹʵ֭Һ壬ͼΪǿ壬ٴηɱ䣬֮ǰĽӼʵһϸܣ
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ˣֻƷ˫ҪɹûмĹ򣬿϶Ҳ²
ип۾̲סǰ꿴˹ȥֻѪ͹ʵ֭ҺȻոɾԷ壬һһס
գ۹ɱɽɫȻָ

³һү۾ͫ˽ɫһâ漴±仯
ү㡭ˣ
ǰλʮͣ׼̲סһ㶡
ˡͷ
ꣿ׼գ۾һĲ⣺ʲô˼
츳˼ʮüӲԷ˵ˣʲô˼
Ѳɣʱˣ
ҳԡ
ûлشǰ޳裬ԾԾԡ
ͣһ£׼ŵͷã
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ܲסһֻ˰ٷ֮һ
үȭͷһ̸еһɾѹһ
Ⱥƴ糱ϫþܻᱻѹ
ٲҳɣ
ٷ֮壡
ٷ֮ʮ
ٷ֮ʮ壡

ٷ֮ʮ
գ۹óһ
أ
һΣ׼޵ɶײǽϣʯ衣
ˡ
ǲŵĿ׼޾ÿҪˡ
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ȻֻһֱӽɣоȭһƷҲδܹסɣ
ʮƷ飬ӵпƷ
ĲαװǸոõģ
ɻ󣬾ͼ꣬ǵûе⣬Ǿɥһʧ䡣
ٶȹȻ̫ˡѵҵ츳ĲУ
츳У
һΣ׼޲ˡ
ʮֱӴƷ飬Ʒ󼶱𡭡

ģǹװƣ


2124 ݵϣ
װƣڸп
׼޿֮ʮңʵϣڴڣѾ˽ӽʮ˸Сʱһһҹˡ
ʱһ򱶣磬ͻֻҪ룬Ϳ԰ʱתˣԵô졣
Ҳԭ򣬺Ϳʦս̶ʮѾͻ飬ҳ׹Ϊ
Ϊ֮ǰʹƣһʱھͿΪһ󼶱˭֪ʮ˸СʱʮĸʱƷƷ龳硭
ȷ̫ˡ
ǰʹʱ
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ԴȻٶϻеࡣ
ˣʵȻ˲٣
ȥ̫飬Լȭͷһ̺۾Ź⡣
һȻûͻƵ񾳣£δرƷ
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д̣һȭʩչ˰ٷ֮ʮۼ޻ˡ
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Է뿪ɽȣ뿪ȷͣղͻƵʱæһڵľȻ鷳ԺֻԽԽǿٲ˥ˡ
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һխɽڣڿԳȥˡ
ʱ䲻뿪ɽȣҵޣ׼޻α꣬һޱֱҹڤǷӶ

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ȻʵֻƷ龳磬Ϊλ磬飬ⷽ඼ҷ
ȻֻǴĻ촫ߺڳڵĹ͹˿롣
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ڻʳǵȷǿ󣬵ҹڤǣʹǬ۾ԷǿҲҪԹ
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2125 ݵ£
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ΪʲôݵԪ۸ǲʶ𣿡

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ΪҲﵽƷ鼶𣬾ܾ۷廹кܴ࣬ҹڤǣҲ۷һˡ
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еĻˣһУֳеŮͽеĵҩȡ˳뱻ŮӵĿС

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ѾղŵҩЧס΢΢һЦĵҩֻҪ1000ҾͿԹһöţֳԣЧٸǮһγֻۣжʮöѾʹһöҲ˵ʣ19öᣬͲ֪ʱеڶλˣ
һö1000öңٰɡ
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껯εŮӣĹǣȷԵֿ

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1000ң۸̫ˣʸģҹڤǵĸ֣ɢеǿߣҪһóô࣬Ҳûôס
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ҳ1200

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£ܿ18öݵһ۶գÿһöۼۣȻߴ1500ңԤڵĸࡣ
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Σҹڤǣţǻš˭Уǡʦ


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תͷԶǿΪԼһ𾪣ȴһȻı顣
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2134 
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㷹֮󣬼λҹڤݵǿߣΧһ𣬱ߺȲ裬ġ
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߼֮ǾŵרŴģȻǿȴ̺ǵʻķϣҲܳɹܹɹģһš
⵹ʵϫֽӽʮ꣬ÿɽһΣ㿪79ˡܱŵصģ÷ţˣ
ƺݴ۵ĵӡ
겻֪ܲܳƵţ
϶ûϣܹģӵгǿѪҲ˵һ;˳ɾͣͨ˿ģ
ѪһУѪٸߣɾҲޡ
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ͺͺӿ廪һԺ档
Ӧˣλˣ۾ϣһЦ
ղӿǰһѧϣԼôͻˣԷѧأ
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ڵֻҪҵ֮ӦúܿͻƣòһʱôӣûһѲɡʲôΣգ
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֮ǰ̵ˣʱѾ˲м
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Цǻ˼˵Щϻ
¶Էˣ鷳̧ͷǰ꿴ȥͼǼٴָǽȺҪ⣬Ƕѧ

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2136 Ը
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ܹԽıݣԼλŮѣҲҪﵽ磬пΪ
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͡


2138 

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2139 
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˫ֻһӣȫӹأ׿ѰûкµľȾ档

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2140 
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ѪѧϰϡǰλûЩһκӰ졣
ˮһ¡ͻˣ
пǰλǿ󣬾ԷĻ𣺡Сףһȭ
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ͻ񾳣һˣҲûţүķֲ֮ͣǰȱݣʱ̣ȴ֮ǰʮܺ͡

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Сֵܣ⡭
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߳ɹͻ飬ΪҲȹӣⲻ٣ζû뵽ƷƷС𣬶߻ħҲ


2148 ͻ񣡣ϣ
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ȻԷΪԶۼʶֶΣ٣æΣ˵ЩʲôȻҪӡ
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΢΢һЦǰ꣺ղŵĻҲˣղҼ츳ǲã෴Զܶˣֻǣûúðˣ
츳ܺã׿ɻĿ
СǱ˿зǽ࣬Ӣ۶ܵĵӣͨѧԺ֮⡭
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׿ãͲ⣬ʦڵĳ£𽥱˼ᶨһҧ˵ϣһڶ
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һᣬ۾ܵ׿ۿ죬һ£ҲֱӰݵڵأʦΪѧ
ȻһֱŷʦΪӵĲԣǰλżһᣬдͻƣ˵ʵ
ܹΪʦԺԳɾޡ
ԣʦΪʦ׿æͷ
ǰһֱӲ⣬û뵽ϣӦ죬Լˡ
ƺҲ֮ǰġֵܡˡʦ
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ǰλʣҲûã״ĿԲ󣬲ڿεǿԣҲεԵ֡
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׿֮꣬⣬ٴΰݵ
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վûнɫ鼮ͳһҲԱʱ
Ȼʵĸмܳ֡
ˣʦã˲ϰ࣬Լ˵ĽʽԽҲµ⣬ԡʦԼʦ飬ĸӳס


2149 ͻ񣡣£
Ž֪ʶԶƽΪֱ֣ǰη壬ڵ֪ʶԸΪӱϸ壬ڵϸ΢ΪԬĿǣԺΪûʲôȷȱŵ㣬ȴֵĺĺλ׿һ
ѧƢԣһԺʣǴ΢Ц
·ͣ϶Ŀ꣬ҡκĮֻ˲Ż¶飬ˣǻͲģ붼롣
žԸЩ䣬Ϊѧ󣬳ȶˣʫΪӵܣмõĴֹۣڰ䣬·ЩƣȴǼסޣǼϣ
ÿѧͬԼȴܸݲͬԸصרŴ칦һһĸûչǮûϰ࡭
Ѫر
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첻
һ䡣
䣡
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ˣ
񣿡
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񾳽磬֮ǰһôоǶһף
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ȫһ㶣һ𾪺š
һӵĿ꣬ͻѶ֮󣬲һҪǰ׼Դ֪ﱸ٣ðճǰλá
ں죬ͻˡ
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˳һָӵĸ֮С
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ԪЩ㹻а취ĻȫԳƷ۷壬
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Ҫһ磬ҪӦеѶˣͺΣΪͻʱ䡭ʦ½ʱ䣬ǧ죬궼ȥˣ
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ʦʦÿв⣬ȥ

⣿ȻУֻлʳʦõʦȥۿʦʦְѧ⣬ȥǣʲô
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2150 
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Ȼ
Դ֮ǰ֪û뵽Ȼλ۾ƿصҲ˵νĲ졣
֪в죬϶֪Ͳйˡ


2151 
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
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ҿԴظǰûѪ޷ģ򣬻ᱻп񱩵˺ķ۴⣬Ʒ۷壬Կ⡭

ģԷʲô뷨
طˣ޷룬ǰλȥҲֻܿ
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2153 Ծ
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2154 ʤ
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2155 ҩ
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ټ֮ǰҹڤֳȥۿЧȻģ
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֮ǰ϶ڵõ˼ϿɣܶõԴԽԽ࣬㣬ѣ
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ȻԵǵͶûȻԽԽãŪ̫ˣ˼ǲס
ҩӹףʵֻҪչȻܹ𼫴䶯ʱҲˣԸҲռ
Ҫǣһȥػ֪ǰѰңԼĿҪǿöࡣ
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⡭ǿֵĲһҧҧã
һټҵ̣ʮɣ൱ÿʮңѶʵ̫󣬲ֻҪ»ǮҶн飬Ӧòѡ
ܺãץȥգ
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ǣǿͬʱȥһʧǰ
ӵ͵ӵԸҪǡ취ĻԼӡǣǬ۾Ļأ̫߼ҿ϶òţҲȥãĻʳǵĻصǿȥ
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֮ĻӡǣȻˣҲԼ꣬ûǿ
ʳǵĻĻڣʦÿʱ򣬾֪ˣλҲڸպпգǾ͹ȥ
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ʱһĹǰ
Ļصأ˲ô
ǰ͵ǰ
ȥһĻأ֪ɷ񣿡΢΢һЦ
ĻأԤԼȥ̽˭һüͷ𣬿˹


2160 Ļ
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ֻһֿܣǾǣ˼ԷԸԽҲࡣ
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ܲΪЩԸΪλôòݾȺͶ˼Էˣ󲿷ֶ龳磬һǴײ飬񶼺٣Чн棬ȴҲ΢΢άֵʱ䲻ܿɢ
䣡
ͬδ䣬ƴСӰٴηıۿɼ
ǡǿߵ˼
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Ӱٴӡ
ڶҲˡ
ͬʱһ˲ԸˣֻƷ񣿡һҧͣ¡
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2161 ʱļ
ȻҲ죬ڵ۾ƿһأͨԱ⡣
ʵĻǰ߾վԭһ߶֮ܽնɱ
Ϻֲ࣬ġ
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һλѵλòˣͨ񣬶ǸݺĳУ
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ǿסͣݣһ
֮ǰöԷ̰ЩƲ𣬴ʱףһ磬ȻԷĿĺ
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һһҲ֪
ΪֻǸǮү̰ҲϸѯʣӰò˶þͻɢ벻ǣ޹ؽҪζû뵽Ǹǿ
ȱй¶ˣȻǿͷءڶͷ
ǡ
һͷ
ּǿߣѾʸӴһʲôʣŪãͷס

뿪Ļ̸еյԸǿ˲٣ƺ˼Ľչ˼ݣ֮ǰƷҲԼԼҪͻƵĳ嶯
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֮ǰķʽͻƵƷ񣬿ҪĹ򣬶ڣ£
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ʱСǣͻƷ۷壬Ʒ񾳣
ͻƣҲﵽƷ۷壬ί㹻ƷԪ˳Ʒɹ
ƷԪǿЧ򲻵֮ǰľҼ֪λ棬ӵһλ۾֧֡һп̵ƣԭ򵽵ҩǵף
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ǧöÿö1500ңϼ1050
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˵̶ڣ֣ʳǷͷʢĳƺ˭޷
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ûݵЧ棬˶ãڻȡ裬ǰ֮ɣȴиš
ԽԽ࣬ʱ䲻ȴǿߣĻѴǮϹ
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⼸Ҳעˣ֪úܺãԳӰЦЦһǿǱôˣ
ǿش𣺡ү100Ѿȫװϣ׿彫ҲԪ轻ңöүϴҪƿҲ׼ˡ
ÿ˯ʱȻƣ룬ɾȴǼ
Ǳ߳ݵʽ߲ȱҲ׺ܶ࣬Ȼô̵ʱ䣬˵һټңʮҶѡ
ʢŵҩƿĴָݹ
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ϵԸ߶ûݵжûЩԪ裬ͨߡ
Щˣֻͨ飬кܶ鶼ǣԸ٣ʵ̫ˡ
ֻҪܽг֪ͨԼ֡Ը϶ӿֱӰͻƷ񾳽磬Ʒ÷ǳ򵥣
ĿʦӦַʽʦãһٳΪݴۣ˾ŵ۵
ȥ㳡ɣ
ѯ˼䣬˽ԼҪ飬ȫףûһ©ĵ˵ͷ
˽ϣޣԼõĹ㳡˹ȥ
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أȻҲ㣬ǡվߵ㣬վҫ۵ĵطҵң


2162 ѩ
ĻʳĹ㳡Լʱ仹ûȴȻɽ˺֮ǰΪʮǼޣǰľ棬ԶԶ֡
㳡ϳͽõĸ̨ˣв˳ޣڿС
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ݵһʳǣר˻ǮˣҲרо칦óĽǡͨƷԪ
ʱоǲ˹ˡ
ƷԪһöҾһö1500Ҫ˵ƭ˰ɣ治ǣԷˣЧܵ
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УǰһλǸղſ˵ܷʦ

ǲţҵʱҼһ棬һÿΣʦ緶ֻǣôԹ
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ǣһһгģרŹģĿ

з˹ȥ
ڵıѩҩָ⣬һᣬǲ⣬漴ҩȥ
⡭
ѩͫһе۾Ϣ
۾һ
µĲҩֻͨƷԪ̺˵۾ĵ۾ӵڲͬЧ
ѩɫأȻֻǲ²⣬۾ǱӾɡȴûư˵ЧΣܻҪͲף
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صѹȸС
ǰҩУҲиָоȴԵ˲֪ٱ
Ҫȥλס
ǰһֱΪϼһɶܣڿˣƳֵҩģ㲻ǵ۾϶Ҳ͵۾żĹϵһ󣬲󣬲֪ҲͰˣ֪󣬲ܲʣǱüңᱻҳ˦޷׷ϣ
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Ȼ֪ҩôƳɵģйЧڣ˵ġ
Ķ޷⣬Ȼǣ۾
ǣΪҲҶ˵취һã򣬴ᣬˡ


2163 
ɽһʯϣͶ棬һ͡
ǰǸĳʱʱι
һȻһǸ񣬲֪˶ã΢΢һЦʲôʵֱӹɣ̽
ǰûˣ֪ں˭

һӰͻأڲԶˮϣ˲һٶȣȻûһˮûһ£ͺһֱվһ
ü汱ѩ
ͷݵλô£
֪϶ѯʣ΢΢һЦҲҪһͰɣ
սͼһӰҲڲԶˮ档
ͬһλߡ
Ļʳһλ㡣
ɣ
˵룬վһΣһһ̣ǰ
λɷ񿴳ˮ˺ֱ仯
˫ֱתͷ
仯ǰ˹ȥƬ̺ȫɫһ䣺桭˵۾ѪҺ
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˵֮ǰأֻͨĵطĻټ磬ҳǿġ
ʱں˵۾ѪҺһԾ˽ڲҳصľʥء
ǣ͵ͷǿܿλ۾
⡭ѩüǿʶܿ쿴Զ㣬ȷʲôͬʱ˵ͷѵǡλ
ҸоҲˣӦһЦһλһκȻǿˣȴҲڷˣ
ǰأں˵۾ѪǱڲҳأɡҲøӿ񱩣ͨ˺ѽС
۾߸ϣǿߵľѪɲʲô˶ܿյġ
֮ǰӣ˿̡Խţ¶Կ
˿ȴ˷Ʒ
;
ĸпλһαͬʱһȫ˵˼ǡλпǡ
ʱ֪ΪҪȫ֧λϧˣ˰죬͵۾йأ
ŵۣݴۣҲֻʮ˶ѡ
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ʵܺǿԵ۾ǲǿ̫ġ
ԡƬ̣ͻȻڣλѪҺȲϲҳأҲ̫Զ϶ˣǣ޷ӽûﵽҵˣǿģ˵ˮеѪҺ۾Σ˺ܴһأ
۾ǿߺ£һѪ˵ɽܲסĻܲܳܵˣҲδأ
ڣȻ仯ˣȴԶԶﲻɱı׼Ժ͵۾ѪҺһľ롣
ҲģλӦҲһЩͣһ£
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˺ܳʱ䣬ѩٴο²ģ±£
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ڵʵȻûﵽţȴҲһֻǿˡ
רΪ壬˵ѾѪ
ħۻһΣΪһͨôġǺ棺治֪λк⣬ѵһλŮӣ
˵ˣڵ۾Ҳͨûʲô
Ͼνġšġ
ǿߣȻΪһͨˡ˵Ǽٵġ
ħദ˲֪꣬δ
ѲǸŮӣñ¶˷ģ
üԣ
˵˵ѡһЦ
̽۾ܣֻǺ棬֮ǰûߣ˿̿λѣŶ˵һ䡣
֪λǴ½ģŮӣ񡭡Ը۳εˣͱµЩƣűֻǲɢҲǳں棬ְġ
ѩ֪Ϣ˵˳
ĻʳǣǬħܣܶ鶼˸ˣ˶֪һЩ˽
ŮӣʣµĶͬʱ˵ͷ
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۱µ£ٴεǲ֪ϢҲͰˣȻ֪ôѾҶ˵ȥæɣ
㡢ѩͬʱ˵ͷһΣٴʧԭء
˲ƣ֮Ϊٶ̫ˣۿԷֱķΧ

ʳǣĻء
֮ǰӴĻٴˮǰ
ǰոջ۵ӰʱѾıͨ˶һȦԽ貣Ϣۻ롣
Ȼи˲Ըˣô࡭
˿ĭӡ
֮ǰһλͨԸӰú˴СΪˣûϵ˲١
ӵԸͨģЧû֮ǰôԡ
ԸЩ˼λӰΪĵڶںĵڶͷ
ǰǴײˣλǿ˼Ѿܿˣôܻи࡭
һЦҡҡͷûͼǰӰٴλζ
¡
һͨ˴һȦӰӣ˲˽ӽ
˵֮ǰһߡˣȻһɣǿǸ˿
ǡλԸ
ϥһͬʱˤڵأ𾪵˵оҪˡ
˵꣬Ǵײˣô׵õ˼ðλǿߵԸ
죬һʮλƽÿһ۾õλǿߵ˼
ȴˡ
ʲôͷ
һʱ䣬ֻŶ£Ҳ˵
֮ǰƲ⣬ڿûﵽԷļޡ

㳡ǰӵȺסһ
Ӱ֮ǰԤϡ
ŷޣڸ̨ϣıݡ
ͻȻһ̸еһůӿԺ֮ǰǰۿɼӡ
ܿҪͻƷľ磬Ʒ
⡭ôˣ
գ۾ԭء
Ѳɡ˭Ըˣ


2164 
ոͻƷ񲻾ãĽٶȣûʮ£Ʒǲɵġ
ղŻƽȵû̫⣬ôһ˲ôࣿ
֮ǰͨϪ˿ֱӱ˻ƺӡ
ٶȣͻƵƷ񡭡
ĵͷ˿
ͻʱ򣬳־ΪʱܳɹⶼߡȥˣƷûﵽȻ޵ݣʮֲ˼ˡ
Ҫԭأ޷ɹ治֪ԺúĿȥԼѧ
Ǳ۾ߣԴٶȣԼƶֻ첻
ͻƣͻƣʱ˻һһ£
Ȼûеļ򵥣Ŭ
ڸ̨֮ϡ
ԭֵĹ㳡ȫֹۣͣһɻĿ
λƳݵʦ
ᣡ
ᣬ˧ðɣҳϡĶˣ
ǶݵĶɡ

ݵϢݳȥ˶ԲλʦģһֱΪǸ뷢԰׵ߣζû뵽ֻǸʮҵС
ؼô˧
Ů˷ܵ롣
ǿߣκεطܵԳݡ
λܹµ룡վ̨ǰһܣ
ֻǸƷ˶ǰ׼̨ϲ˼󷨣㳡ӽʮˣʱȫ˿˵ĸźӰ졣
λ֮ǰûʶ룬ף˿̵ңλŮ˵
˵Ѿڼˡ
λŹӣݵߣ죬ôҹǽݵƵĵҩһôҹ֤ͬ
ʶԼûжԣꡣ
ݵĹЧض֪ˣ
ӹһܡ
ģ϶˵ݵĹЧ߱ߡ
鶼æû˻ôУԵ޹ʲμһۻᡣ
ݵƤϸ壬޸ڵİˣЧҶ˵зùģڶഫ
ЦЦղţѾ˵ˣ첻ݵƵĵҩڣҾ͸ҽһ£ֵҩ׺ֹЧ
ȣҪܵģݵ汾ҲϢȥġϵֵҩһûһ鹹Ϳţ߰ٷ֮ʮͻƵļʣҲ˵ֻҪֵҩܳɹúȫûиãõһܵӰ졣ңⵤҩͬݵЧƤϸ塢޸ڰˡؼζܺóԣ
ٷ֮ʮ
ܳɹ
ݵйЧ
ֻҪúụ̀ͻƵĿӵٷ֮ʮǺ׵ģٷҩﵽٷ֮ʮôļʣȷ˵ϣɹˣ
ؼûáⶫҲ̫ˣ

۷׷ףг޵ǿߣҲһ⶯
ǻòֵҩ󱲡ŮŪһöôߵĳɹʣʱڣһǿļ壬һԼǿ۹
ʦֵҩĴڣ
ޱϵܷ磬̲סǰϥŵߡ
ʦ
ڲҲ֪ûеô򵥡ɣֻҪҩ֣Ȼֱܹ棡
δתͷ˫۽Ÿ̨Ȼĵ
Ϊǿߣǧˣ֪ǿߣʾ֮
ܹٷ֮ʮͻƵĵҩϸͲܴڣɡ޾ԣݴۣòƾʹ⣬ȴ޷Խ漣
λ꣬Ҳһ
֪ҵǣԣҩҴˣʾЧ̨ϵ˵ۣһȡһУᷭһԲĵҩ̳ǰ
ûʲôҵҲûʲôǿϢԶԶȥʮͨ
ǡƷԪ
ֵҩϰ꣬һ۾ϳ
ݵƷԪһģһϵƷԪһѵܻߴϵģ
ȫüͷҲ֪롣
ΪֻҪҩԶֱҩЧΣڿˣ
ⶫݵһ˵ֱˣпƣûκν
˻Ű̾Ϣ
ʦγԣܷ
ҩЧûչ֣ʦΪξǰˣ
ҩмѭ˵ģֹѪݡ֮ࣻΪģͨҪϻ˳֮࡭ԷƵݵЧѣȴֱ治Ԫ֪ԭ򣿡
ܷҡͷ
Ҫ֪Ҳڽʦˡ
ܼ򵥣ַأп
أܷ粻⡣
ƷԪĵҩƾöַƳûмͣʵ
Ӧÿܷͷ
ƷԪֻǽѻһ𣬵к֣ܶһָʡǮöѡ
óַΪֵҩᣬҩƳͬĹЧ
¶֮⣺ǰλҲöϵƷԪһģһʶ̽鲻ʵȴҩľԪҩĽΡĿľǲ̽ҩѧϰҲܹ֤ҩֻƣ˭޷ƣ
ܷȻ
˵ⷽأܲ⣬;ˡ
һЩöĸ֣ҲͨὫ綾ͨҩںһ˾ˡ
ԷҲˡ
ȻƷԪôܣͻƵļӰٷ֮ʮ
Ϊ飬ۼΪʵȻҩóˣȻҪ֤
̨ϵڣ֪˭Ըҩǰǣ˱ӵŷݺ͵λǡɼͻƣȻ˵ҰŵģٶҲã
Ҫ飬ȻҪһϿɵģЧٺãҲᱻΪС
Ļʳǳӵź㣬Ʒ۷ʮˣгΪ֤
һϸ̨
֤кãɣھֵʦƷ۷壬ҹܼҿΪ֤
Ƕûйҡ
һ֣ʮˡ
ȻϵĴǣҵô˵棬ºڣڱܼ򵥡
Ŀͻƣ
ԣЩ˱Ž
⡭ü֪ôѡһ
ɸԣ֪ɷ񣿡
ޱϵĸվֱ塣


2165 ֻҪ998
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ȻʦȴƲϵһɣ˵ݴ۵֮ھŽ˭Ȳϡ
۾߸ϣͨ˱ȣǣλϣ⣬Ųϵһǰ϶ҲŵϣϾĸˣϲͷ¶ġ
⵹ǣֻǡô
ϳݣ㳡Ȼ
ʦݣοǿߣ
һǳݣ㲻ʶǰλҲ֪Ȼ򵥣˵ͷã
Ҳ˵һУһλһԾڸ̨
ҵͽƷ۷壬ΪͻƲãͻƵļʣֻаٷ֮ʮ

ȻԷԵĻԼȻҪ˵֮ᣬԼҲܵˡ
̨ϵĺչʾڵΪȻƷ۷壬Ҳ̫񣬾ͻƣӦûкܴһξ롣
ʦ£α֤ţ
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ʦƷжš
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ֻΪǿߣҪǣԷǧ꣬£δκӼ
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͡ͻˣ
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ٷ֮ʮŵžžŵ߶ȥ룬һ֮Уѹˡ
ƷһͻƲ֪ԶǰλáӾͳɹ
ҩ죿
ͫһȻҲǲš
ʵϵҲƣĹЧٷ֮ʮңֻܷһö
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ϵеĻҪ£Ҫǿ
̲סͽоΣ
˿̺ոȹͻƶŰվ˫ͷų⣺ȡеĸҳɹͻƵļʣٰٷ֮ʮϣ
õҩɹļʺС˵ǰٷ֮ʮʵѾ̧ˣ˿̡ͻƣûһҩĹЧ˵ֹٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮʮٷ֮ٶˣ
ôǿЧҲš
ͽﲻаԣлѻԸ޷öһɫ
ֶģ֮ǰɻģҲ˵
ȻλСѵ֤ʵϵĹЧλҲˡ
˵֪Ѿǿҵ𺳣ڣҾֵҩļ۸Լ
ˢˢ
ҩǿ𾪣۸ġ
ܹƳеöҩļ۸ȻҪݵݵۼΪ1500ңҩպ10Ҳǡ15000ң
15000ң
˰ɡ
̫ˣЩ˻һӵĻ򲻵
Ȼ󣬵ǸղֹЧֵˡ

·˶¶ӵı顣
һǧңĻʳ廷ڣˡֻһöҩ
ƷƷֻһߣȴأöҩͻƣǮ⡣
Ϊ͵λȻͬǮҲû塣
ǲǾ̫ˣ˱飬΢΢һЦҲ̫ˣһۣ۸Ļ϶òȴˡҪһ壬Ҫһһ򶼲ҪֻҪ998ֻҪ998ֻҪѾǧŰٰʮңܹһöһļ۸˳ԿҲϵͻƣǰģʵǽȻͬĵλ
9980
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ǧŰٰʮһöҩ˵ɺܹ󣬿ɺ֮ǰһȲ̫ˣһ򶼲ӵһͻĻᣬֲΪ
ֻҪǮɵӲŲ
Ҫ
ŵʦö
Ҫö

Ⱥ鼤
԰ꡭ
ĿĴﵽǰĵӹȻϴԵã˿ŵҲֵҩʵ̫ˣ޲Ϻ;Գ۵Ĳ࣬˶㣡죬ֻһöۣΪֹ´ûУʲôʱۣ
Ӫ
Ūϵ˵£ȴҲһȫóȻҲ㲻ˣøԴԴϵԸˡ
ֻһöȥü˳ﱸǮôﱸѷˣֻҪͻ񣬷Ժ󻹲Ҫ٣ж٣
Ӳģ㿴ֵǮ
ҹҲҪһš
˭ɱ˭

˶ˣһҧĲѡ
һĻ˰죬Žͺ£
ʦƳĵҩ󣬲ǰǮֻΪܹõԼƵҩ
ɺǰȣǲЩ
ڵҩûۣѾĿҪˣ
λ
Ѿȷͷι򣬸λżǰﱨɣȱһλʸҩ⣬ݵҲۣͬҪ1500ֻ998ܹΪǧöȵã죬ָԭۣ
ٴμ
֮ǰûݵģȫ˷ܵɫǺ졣
ϵ9980ңݵ998ң֪ҩļ۸񣬲ѣһҲ𣬲õģǣҽҪ˵һֵҩˡ
֣ȡһƿ浹һööҩ裬ɢģʮֺᡣ
ⲻǡõԪ𣿡
һöҿԹʮö˵һ
һ϶ǡ
ٴνĿ⼯й
С衿ԪƣȴŽȻͬĹЧܰ˻ָĵܻ۾ѸݣֻԼµߣ۸񡭡9.98һö10öң


2166 
裬ŵλģ󣬿ȥʳڵġҩ׼һҩģ̨ãΪ̫ߣƷ顭

̳ٸˣƷҡ
Ҳģȡʮƿҩÿ˶һ
Ⱥ߹ȻеԼľӼУˬʮȻûͻƣƷ龳硣
˵ĿٴμйһȫǼ
边ȻҲͻơ
۸ʮöҶã˭𡭡
һ˲䣬ڳʮ˾ͼסˡҩ֣ЩҩԴ
·Ⱥ鼤ܣ΢΢һЦ˵ȥһ۾סŹ⡣
ҩۣø˼סԼԸӣϲͻƵģû뵽ھȻֱӳƷ񾳽磡
¼öƷԪͬﵽ
Ʒ񣬵ˣ
ԺҪϵݵǾ裬ҩֱӹ򣬻Ԥ
Ϊͻƣã
¶棬ýܵĽ꣬ԸҲô࣬ʣµ齻Լ»صס
Ȼװһģǰ԰ڵˣһ͵ĿĴﵽûҪ档
صסŸ£ǿǰүһλи
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ղ˵ۣҲ֪λˣοԷԼ
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Էĺܺã˿ֱʵȻﵽƷ񾳣ֲ̺Լ¶˿
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ͬΪʦôˣιֻŵʦо֮
ҵҡͷ
֮ʦ½ʱѾﵽ۷壬䲻ڣʱۺֵҩ׾ٽͳᡣ
һᣬ޲õʦ
˶˵ǵһʦʵԼף⣬Զûﵽ۷塣
֮ǰλݴۼ棬ֹ̽գ֪ԷϵĳɾͣŽܵСʱͨ뽻Ȼ֣ǰλ꣬Ȼ˿ڶԷ
ʮ꣬ϵļգݴۡ
ôѧģ
֪ŵʦϵҳۼöԸԭ۹򣡡
һᣬԴεĵ
ҪĿġ
һһöΪʦȥͱ϶ʣϣܹϼö
Ϊͻƾ磬Ϊܹúо
кѣ˰֣ǿǰһƿ
οƿ̿ʮöҩ
ɫǺ죬һſƬ15ҡ
Ǯҵˣ֪ʦоƷԪɷ۸һЩЦЦ
ƷԪЧҲˣҪͻƵ磬ƷԪõƷ
ֵֻҩޱȣԷЧҪ򣬼۸˵õ
ǰλȻųһʦԵõľƷԪȻܹơ
һЩԺʡȥ鷳Ϳ˳ͻվ۷塣
ƷԪԡһ㶣漴˵ͷ
ּĵҩܹƳģ˫֮ǡУǰ
һȡһƿֵҩܸߣҪҩҲʮϡңһöҪѼĴۺʱ䣬Ҳֻöѡ
㹻ˡ
ֻô٣Щʧ΢Цһ£ֽӹ˳кǿһ
پʮңգǿǰһſƬ
Ԫ֮ļ۸ٱƷһöҹһţƷһ٣Ʒһ򣬶ﵽƷһңһöмУ
ˣϵ15000ңܹʵϼ۸̫ߡ
ܷסٶ˵Ҫǡ
ʦ
Ҳվ
֪ŵʦкηԸɻĿ
ԸҵͷʦΪǿߣʦӦ߹ط֪ܶ飡¸պмҪѯʡ
ص飬˲֪ǰλܹ֪һЩ
ʦһܹƳƷԪǿߣߵκεطܵأΪ
̽ϢĻ϶֪ĸࡣ
ŵʦʲôѯʱǣֻҪ֪϶ʵ桭ЦЦ
ǧϴ֪ٵġ
ҪѯһˣµĲӦʵСأڴ
أüǿߣҶжţδ֡
ܹҲһ֣֮һ
ü
ѵ´ˡصʵ
ǺԼһֻǸƷ
ڷߵ۾붼롣
ǣҿ϶֪
˵Լ񣡡
֣²ǼٵģڿӦˡ
񣿡
ͫһǲţ׿ڸߣǵ;˵
Ȼ׿˵ģ
ݣרѯʹԷҲˣ׿˵ɡ
ʲôʱ򣿡ƺʲôŵ飬١
šһǰɣһʱ䣬
طֿ󣬾ϲ磬ʱ䣬һ죬ԣܹʱ䣬ֻͬһҡ
һǰ⡢⡭ôܣ
ͣɳơ
Ϊʲôܣ⸱飬Դɻ
Ϊʮǰ
彩ֱûаǿߵĳȣѾˣ


ʮ˾ 


2167 ŵ۵
ӡˣ죬뵽ʲôʮǰˣôܣ᲻ǴеĳƺţҪҵǡε񣡡
غԼһǰŷֿģôʮǰˣ
ܲദǹɡ
µĲӦֻǸţһ䣬һμλͬʹá
ˣأǳӹʣҲǳӹʡ
ܼΣһ£Ӧð磬϶֪ˣûϢ
綼ϢԻʵĵλܸߣ
棬Ҳܿŵ˵綼֪ɡ
ŵ֮һ˵λ߲ߣЦ
ס˵ءǾŵ֮һ
Ͳ²Ůѵݿܲ򵥣λҲܸߣôû뵽Ǿŵ֮һ
۷ĳǿߡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ԴΣоЩλãģҲΪζԷ˵ԼݣտʼҲΪβԸԼദˡ
ݣǼߣҲʵ̫ˣһ½ķˣƥϵġ
ǣͷ
֪Ǿ֮УһĴۣ
̲סʵ
֪λ۾ȴ֪һƿߣŪҲøϹȥѰҡ
㲻֪ǰλαĲףЦһҡҡͷȻԴף
Դ죿ס뵽ʲôһ˵죿𣿡
԰
ͷ
⡭ˡ
ǲ𡭡ɲѾˣϲԻķĹ
ѵؼλµ񣿡
ûãһ뵽һпܵĴ𰸡
Ȼ񣬲ҲǡֻԽ͡
ҾͲ֪ˡ
ͣһ£ΣҲ˵ﵽ۾ּ𣬲ǿ²ġΪԴӴڣ۾ʹδһγûмߣ˭˭֪
ѯ˼䣬Դλ֪Ĳ࣬ٶʣ֪ľλ۾
ŵ۵֪ʶ鼮ûмأԼ˽飬Ǹյ󣬴īʦ֪һЩƤëȻǰλ˽⼫࣬պϸѯһ¡
ⲻʲôܣ΢֪̽
ѯʵĲʲô˵ĻܣҲӦ֪ҾͲ˵ˣھŵۣۡ򶫷죬Ѫ˫͵۾޵Уƿĸ졣
Դ죬Ҳв죬λϷƿΪ۾ҲԴ֮񣬼񣡡
ϷԵıڤ죬ҲڤһƬ޴ĺǿ߽УУԶҲ߼ʡƿΪڤۣ
λ綫ϷͳеĴգ֮գܿ
Ľ죬Ϊصڣܿصĵ򲢲㣬ȴûһأȥ鷳д˵®еĽۣھŵ֮УҲ۷壬λܹ⡣
죬ڴ󲿷ʱ䣬Ǿŵ֮У֪ΨһŮۣ棬û˿ӣ˾
Ļ죡Ļĵ۾Ǭħⲻ˰ɣ
ذ˸λмģ죬λ۾ģҴδҲδĴţνֻ֪֪ۡʵɲ⣬˵ۣҲΪ𣡡
ܿ죬ŵۣһ顣
ۡ۾ۡнλ۾߶һ飬׼ס˿
أԳơ񡱣ҲνԴ֮񣬿пǲ۾ļ̳ߡ
ҪȷֻܾȥԴȥˡ
ԴϣĻԶ»Ҫܿٵ
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ŵ˵꣬ѯ£˵һЩܹ˵ȥȫ꣬վ
лʦ̹棡
ǣŵۣܶ˶Ը˵ǰλܹ˵ô࣬Ѿ御
ŵʦˣʹﵽƷ񾳽磬Ƴϵݵ쵤ҩͻǰ϶£ЩϢҲ˵ԺҲ֪ԺңܽӴҲԽԽ࣬С¶ѣҳݣЦ
ǣŵۣȷû˶˵ǰλʵǱ֮Լ٣Ժпƽƽʤһ䵽ʱֺãڽύ
ѩ̿Զʤ


2168 Ųƴ
뿪δż˼
ڰǰķһȥԴѰأԼѾ磬ҴﵽƷ񾳽磬˵۾֪ԶֻҪ֣ͼ϶ԽԽҲŲԡ
ڶϵݵ֮࣬Ӱø֪ոԸȡͻͿʦһ۾
ֻкͶԷƽƽӵͬʵûκ谭˸˵ʲôһ
ȻڵΪҵԷҲҹ
ֻǡ
ϵݵϢ֮ǰʹȥˣӰ죬ʱںˡ
ȻԸӹֵҩڣͣӣٶѾ˥ΪﵽƷ񾳽磬Ի󼫴󣬼ٶȲ˥ﵽ۷壬ӵгûһ£Ҳ޷
Ȳ˵ûĹɹʱҪͻƣҲûκοܡ
ѡﵽ۾ҪȺüꣿ
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ꡣ
֪ԷľڵҲˣ֪ﻹ̵ס
ȥԴɣȼ˵üëһ
䲻֪۾Ϊλ䣬ΪĴˣؼΪ۾ҲδôȫҵԷʲôѣҲһԡ
˿ţͼ˽
٣һöϵϣǧöݵҲѾھ裬ҩʽҵʽۣ
ͨˣҪʱ䷢ͲܲЧھ̵õڴоˣٳۣԸ
ţͷʵҴȥһԴ죬飬ǿŴУ
£ǿλרҵʿûʲôɵĵģԼȥذɡ
ȥԴ죿һ㶣үôȥ޵ĻôԶľ룬ֻҪĹ򡭡
ĻشԴϣ벻֪١
ǿô𡭡
ҹڤʱ򣬾õôԷˣ
ǸֻĻ췶ΧʹãҲСŲƴҪȥԴ죬ҪܹͻĴŲƴ󣡶ִҪʹãûôס
֪͡
Ųƴ󣿡治֪
ŵͳ磬൱ھŸȣÿһҶб߾ô룬οʹôҪ޷ˣ໥ѹƾͻˡ͡
;Ÿ۹һͬһȣ״ͣһڣô룬һǵˣ񲻵ڸԷ˺ţ
ȻдŲƴ󣬿϶ͻʹõķʵ
ʹ÷֪
һΪǱǰʮӵзսְҵҴﵽ۷壬ͺ񸡽ʦΪʦɿھ췶Χڣش󣬶谭
ڶΪĻʹԴʹߣʹߣҲǽ׽ݣһҪ㹻ѫԼǬħ
ӵ֤֮Ժų֮ϣΪǵ֤Ĵ󣬿ʹãǰ͵һһǱǰʮ򣬴ױŤĿռ伷ѹƬ
֣һ֣ʵǹؼƷ۷塭ٵʵ
û˵ȥ
ǰλΪۿģռʱƷ飬Ȼһ·ﵽƷ
̼ܵҲŬ
ڼĵλӣЩԴ£ҲֻǽƷľ繮һЩͻƷ֪£ضԷҲˡ
顭ÿһСѶȴ˲֪ٱ
Ȼӵ˿Դ͵ĻᣬҲܲס
ϾСŲƴ󣬾ҪƱģǿʲô˿ʹõġ
ҵʵѾﵽƷˣ˵ţڵչ¶
һ͵ͻ֮Ҳû˵ܿóʵΪһƷϲҲ
㡭
ƷϢͷţ޴ѹ鲻Խĺһ۾ɵùԲ˳ˡ
ͣ£ؿڣ鴤˵
̫ܴˡ
һμʱҹڤǵгԷΪԶ̶ʮĹͻ󼶱ȻԶԶҲ֮ˡ
ٶȡ
Ժܺһ˵ʵ£Ȼܲˡ


2169 Ʒ۷
ôʵҪﵽƷ۷У
ԷԸ˵ü
ǱǰʮȻƷ۷壬Ȼܹӱ
ǿѹסƣͷͬʱ˿
˰죬ǰλҲͻƷûﵽ۷塣
ˡ
Ʒ۷壬ȻֻǸС磬Ҫʵ̫ˣܶ˻Ѱꡢ꣬޷ɹ
ˣܶԷͬΪƷ񣬿ɾܹǱΣкԶ룬ûжĿǲġ
Ծ֮ŵΪΪ仨ۣˣҲӽʮʱ⣬ŴƷڴﵽڵʵ

Ʒ۷壬¶Ϊ֮ɫƬ̺̾Ϣһֻʹˡ
˵һһöҩġ
ǸմӸﹺľƷԪ
ͨƷԪЧѾˣҲֻⶫһ
ƷԪС
٣Ҫ
ȻԼҩˡ
Ҫʲô
ңҪƷ۷ɡ
˳һһεĻۣ̣ҩʲô
ѵҪչأҪ״̬Ҫǰ׼
ѯͼԷ۾һ£ٴˣѾƷ۷ˡ
¡
滰һ޵еϢӿ˳һǿҵѹȣҪѹɷĩ
⡢⡭
׷ˡ
̷ҩﵽƷ۷壬һ˵֡ԾʮɵĽˡ
ٴסؿڣֻˡ
ҿԾûǰĻƻֱӱĻ
̫ôˡ
ôġ
ôڵʵٲĻȫԵһʱ䣬ȵҲƷ۷˵

ǺﵽƷ۷ˣ껹ԶûﵽҪԸֺ֧ͻۡ
ˡ
ǰλóʲôֶΣһգ۹Ҳͻˣʱ޷˵æܾеƣٵʵǹˣֻ˵֣̫ʵ֡Ȳ˵Ϊְҵﵽ۷壬˵Ļ׽Ҳûô򵥡ο֤϶ѡ
⵹ǡͷ
Է˵֣ȷһһѡ
ʵڲСͻһʱ䣬ͻ˵
ֻǡʵ̫ˣ֮ߡ
ǣа취ͻơ
Բ
ΪڣûһüĿ
ҡ磬ʵ̫ˣ
˵ְҵЩ
ͣһ£ʵ
ʦҽʦʦʦԣЩְҵսҶкܴϲġ
ܹƳϵ˵֮ǿܹȥһ£õְҵݡӶ߱ʹôŲƴʸ񡣡
οˣ
ڻʳǵʦܿˣҪƵҩֻҪܹƷԪƣӦþͿͨ

ƷԪ
ȻŪϵݵ֮ĵҩʮ׾ӣ˵ƷԪƷܲƳδ֪
Ҫ濼ˣϵƷ¶ڡ
˰שòҲ̫õġ
ȥֻʦҽʦݡ
ҿҽʦݣҪﵽʲôĳ̶ȣôˣʵ
ʦְҵ϶ͿʦҹڵʵӴԷ
ϲԵ飬Ϊˡ
ҽʦһ㶣һҪǰҽʦ̽һ£
㲻ʦôҪҽʦѲɣҽ
һȥɣ
Ҳ֪ͣһ£
֪򣬿϶ҲҪȥˣһȥܽʡʱ䡣
ãͷ
ҲиְҵĹֻ֯ûʦ½ôǿܵӰˡ
ǿʵֻҪ㹻ʵְҵӵ档
ˣҽʦ֮࣬Ҳܵ˵𾴣λȴʦ½ôߡ
ʦҲʦ½淶
֮ǰʦΪ̾Ϣ
ʦ½ʦְָܹҵҲ˽⼫࣬ÿһﵽ˼ˮƽģֻڿΣʦµҪ󼫵͡
ʦƺҲڸʱ䣬ٶȣʦ£øԸǺʦ½һһһӡ
Ҳѹ֣磬̶ʱͺճս˵ۣͰĻʦÿ»ûͱƽˡ


2170 ҽ
ҽʦסԶ˳޷˰ʱǰ֮ǰʦһΰҲԻͣһ˽ģ
УͼڶˣһͳһĳۣɫҴҡ
ҽʦȪҽʦľҽʦ
е˿ȥܿϳһЩ֡
Щ˺ü
ĻʳҽʦˣƽʱиԵ飬ͬڻʳǣҲôˣ⡣
ҽʦҵҽʦרΪҵĸ߲βȪǱüҽʦľվӪ
ల£Ͼ٣ƽҽʦٿȫԱᣬҲܱܣôģʱȴһ𣬲Ǽٵġ
ʲ֪ˣ
΢΢һЦҵһλҽʦͳʮöңǡʲô£
һλˣʮģǰλ˴󷽣ûʲôǡҽԡ
ҽԣɻ
бģҽҲܱԣ
˭ʱ̣ҩ٣ƵĵҩƷߣ˭ܻʤ˭Ƶıʤһ˭͸ҽôȣ
ܲܣڲҩɣ
˲֪ҽҽʦ֮佻ֱӵķϡҽεȺụ̈жһ˵ҽǷӸҽʦ͵
ְҵԷֱǿҽʦȻҲԡ
β˵Ĳ֢ٳ֣Ҫȵ£
ԣܶҽʦΪ˿ٳμҽıԣܹӱ˭ҽ
ϡҽΡҪв˰ɣѵֱԣҪǰ׼һЩС֢ĻߣҪһţ֡
ΪҽʦԷ˵ЩףûвˣǿҽʦҲ֮ɣ
һ׼ߣͻǣ˵⣬Զûô򵥡
⵹ãҽרŵϵЩҪⲡˣҲЩǲҪģϾôಡˣҲò˵űʱ䡭
ҽʦ
Ȼ𣬵ȵѡֶ룬һȣҩһ顭ҲƸŪˣ
ҽԣ϶ıԽȻͬ
ǡѯʣβͼǰҽʦͬʱȻſһ˴ǰĸ̨ϣɫء
ҽʦĻ᳤诡
˳
ټѯʣǿ˹ȥ
λ᳤ʮģϢȺԼһҲﵽƷ۷塣
λ칫սĻ죬Ҫҽ״һˣĻҽʦҽʦǸǿҪɳʮλҽʦȥЧһꡭ£̲£λأ
һܣ᳤дŷŭ
ǿ϶̲£
ҲѪѣʲôҽôǱȣ
Чһ꣬ҪĻҽʦԶ̧ͷ

һȻڵȫɫѿ
ȻҶ̲סǾսΪĻ죬ǲ䡣
ȫŭգʿ诵˵ͷμӱԵһѡĶĻҽʦλ飬ҲҪʤѡ˲У
ͬʱͷ
޵һ޵ڶ
ҽһϳ˭ǵһ˭ǵڶͬһȦ˭ʤһ˻ܹЩ֪һЩġ
λ񰮣Ϊҽʦ᳤ζԷսҲӭսȻܵڸԣ֮һûɣ
诵
᳤Գ֣ҵ⡭ͬʱͷ
塢ȪľλҽʦܹЧ壬ӵеĲ֢ƣҽ֮ߣӹɣ˿Գս诼
ٴεͷ
ܹΪҽʦأ˵
ʸĻս
һλλƾһ£ûкʵѡ
գ۹ȷĸʣһ诼
ѡĻƾٳ³ҽʦǰ֣һ˲ǧǿߣѫ׿ҽ
ƾԳҽʦЩĹѫλ֢ܿƣʮ»ˣ٣˳֮Ϊҽ콻սʸ񣡡
ҾǮҽʦʣȻȴʵʵʵµˣӲ鸡

һգ۹·гߡλѡˡ
ÿһĻʳǶպռһܵ˾
ۣʱڣתͷǰŮʵΪ֮һɷʹôŲƴʸ񣿡
רŹ취˴Ųʵģǰľ棬ҲûоˣȻˣ
ǺʹôŲƴʸ塢Ȫľҽʦ˶ûУĻ죬ֻ读᳤߱õ²Ҫõ֮һҪˣεҽԻʤ
ͣһ£
Ųƴʹʸ񣬵һҪ߶ȣ
һеһְҵǰ壬ܳɹĻҲû˵еôˡ
ôѣһ£в棺ʹִôѣ񲻱ʾ켸ôϵ
һְҵǰ壬޷ʹãһٸְҵ
Ļ޷죬Ҳ϶û취⻹ôν
񲻵ڸԷչһ̶ˮ
ôܲϵЦһҡҡͷҪʹôŲƴǽ޵Ļ룬û˹ܵġãںʱ䣬ǳǰ
⡭һĶͷЦһ
ţǼˡ
Է˵ĲŲ󷨣һ¾ͽ˴͵ԷĻʳǡϳŻƣͨ˳ޣƣһĳжҪʮ£Ȼ޹ؽҪˡ
ͨ飬ܻʮºܳﵽ񾳣ɳһǧ꣬κһҪм£꣬νʱ䣬Ҳû塣
Ȼ޷ϳ򵥵ķλѡҽʦҽʦˣܹõһģȻҽģĻս
̨߽ϵҲ˾
ã
̨ͬʱͷ
ÿ˶ĿҽʦƾѡٵĻ϶ѡҲҲҽģֱڲҽԣ
˭ӱ˭ǿӹɡ
ѡελ̨ͬ⣬诵
ܿ죬λѡҽʦȥһλĻʳǣʮպҽʦÿһ˾Ĺѫ
ԸսֻҪܹʤǼˣͬлĻʳǳս
ٴοˣ
٣ҪҪμӣ
˹
ǰλҽߵͣһ㶼֪ߵ۾ѪҲҶ˵ֻѯһ£̬ȡ


2171 ûʸ
ȻҪμӣ΢΢һЦ
ĿľΪ˻ȡŲƴμԵĻ϶Ե
Ǻá׼ȷĻشǰһүҲҪμӣ
ټƿˣȻȻԾܾʣһĿ⼯ж
С㣬㡭
̨ϵҽʦɻĿ˹
Ϊҽʦ±䶯ȻλҲ棬֪ڵӵĳ̶ȡ
еүѲǼλֻǡ⼸λų󣬲δ˵˶ҽ
ֿ˹ȥһȦδҵϤס
֪˵үǡ
̲סʵ
λүһЦ

ѵǡϵǸ
֮ǰķȥμˣۼ
˵ǣֻǡʦܵμҽʦԣʲô£ҽʦʦְҵ͸
ϵݵ޸˵Ч᲻Ҳҽйأ

֣ݵʳǼ˶֪ҽʦҲ⡣
ֻǡλʦȥʦᣬѲɣҽҲܸ
ҽʦ
ü˹
һЩҽ飡ͷ
ҽʦ֤诵
⡭һ㶣ʱûȥ
˹ʦ½ľҽʦ϶޷á
Ц说һڣûҽʦ֤δĻҽʦԷԣǳЦĻʳ𣿡
Ҿͨҽûҽʦ֤һǣӦûѲ˶á
ü
һǡãǻһõҽʦ֤ˣĻԣɫ࣬һڣ˵˶׼ԷѪսû˿ҽʦ֤ҽҲʱ򣡡
ŵʦƵݵϵȷҽʦ˲ҩƾ󣡡
ˣѰҩģˣͲܸˣ
֪ĺģҪæˣȷʡ
Ϻú÷չɣܵҽʦﵷˡ

۷׷ףղŵҽʦҲǰȰ衣
⡭Ҫ˵ʲôȴ֪λش
Է˵ĲǣһУһص裬Լʤˣûҽʦ֤ҲܴЩˡ
Ҵˣǡ
ҡҡͷת뿪
һ£ϣ߳ҽʦᣬҲ̲ס٣㡭ûҽʦ֤
ûҽʦ֤λ͸ܹˣôŲƴ͵ʸ񡭡湻ġ
ҡҡͷ
ǡô죿
ҽʦǱְҵûʸ֤͸βҲҪ˸ҲС
ӣͨҽʦݣôŲƴʸ£ˡ
Ȳˣ㲻˵Ҫʸ񣬲ְҵﵽ۷壬ΪҲҪǱǰʮ𣿡ҡҡͷ
ҽʦĿǰ϶μӱԣǸ͵ˣȻҲ£Էֳ죬ȻǱǰʮ˵
ǣ֮ڣÿһ춼ԼǱ֮ܽһǰʮɣҲ˵ֻҪĻǱС
ͣҪ񵥣ûôӣֻҪҵﵽǰʮˣ֮սսʤɣȻսаƶߡġڳ

ǣǱ񣬶ȷεģǶǿߣȺԸݽս˫ʵȷһ˵ľλá
ͷ
ͺǰļ˹¼һҪԷϿɣֶãǡڶԷ֤ĹУֶܹã
ǿƶǱ񣬵ȷΪ
ЩʲôطĻʳǿУʵ
ҪԼȥ죬Ǿ鷳ˡ
ڻʳǵĻԾҶԷеĿˣ͵
ǡȥɣһڡ
١Ҫ˵ڼҪҪ׼ǰʮϸ㿴һ£λ˽źżЩ
ǱΣҲҪ׼ҪսˣǰսС
ܽģһսĳǿţսʤĻ϶ǰսˡ
ɶ֪ͳȥ湻³çġ
ϲˣҵλæԼֻҪǰʮģһͬԣͺĸȣ
Ǳǰʮǿڲǿ˵岻
Ȼ֪ԼڵȷսشѴﵽƷ۷壬ͨδܹȵϡ鹦ǿƥͻ񾳣ûʱĥ½֣ͬ𣬼ûܹʤ
΢һЩ˲˱ǡ
ǳ˳顣
ǵ۾Ѫĳǿߡ˵湻ģ
˵Ҳ֪֮£ܹʤĲ࣬ҲûҪˡ

ǰĻĻڣҲѻһˣһɫء
˵ԾС
ǱǰʮߣܵĻҽʦ룬ǰҽԷʱӭսЩУպҪʶһ£ǱˣʵΣǷҲһ֪ǡ˭Ըӭս
һ¹ӣ˫ֱ󣬵ĿˣĶͷ¶ǣֵĽɫȻȴ쳣Ŀ


2172 
ôĿ
Ǻ콻ǰ룬һҽʦȻ˵˭ĵӣ
ұ𼤶ͷнɫǣ˵ӵ۾Ѫڴۺӵܣûô򵥣
ѪˣͬΪһǿߣжǿ

¹һȻŭ⡣
һҽʦʵǱŵǰʮֱӳĿˣҲ˴ɡ
սһϡ
ûзӦĻ죬ᱻ쳰ЦҲ̧ͷ
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ͷһۣԼؿڣ֮ǰû£ԷƵ˿ڣѪܡ̱ò̫ˡ
ʣӿôƣ𣬿ںͶԷսҷƾȻԽԽأѪҲԽԽˡ
ţֻҪ˵Է϶Լһҵᣬζûϵ˼ˣɡһͺˣ
ܣٺá
ңϢøӱǿ󡭡
ôСǿİɣ
ҪҪôţ
һûУԼ˼п㻹ûﵽսʱ䳤ˣŪҲҪԿ

ƣͼһȣϷ
ηˣõİ취
أ
ӺݲҰףԷһһҲǱȴһ˶ûУ
⻹ô򣿡
һץ˿Ҫˡ
ΪɱһƷֵζû뵽ȥԼҪɱ
ߣ
֪ռˣٲͣЪתȥ
ȻΧ֣ϾĻʳǣڷļطΧڣʱɱԷֻܳˡ
ӣ
ôתߣһ£ɫѿ
ܹ׷ɱԼôˣԺ϶⵽
һҧյ쳾̤첽ת׷˹ȥ
ķٶʵ̫ˣһȣʲô㲻ϡ
Ȼɱ㣬Ҫ뿪ס
ͣתͷߣ´ҵ㣬ڡ
˵Ҳشתͷֱշȥŷ˲ԶͻȻͣ
ʲô
û꣬һ޴ļǰһġ

ʧԭأţһֻСǰ
ã
˸ãͺͺβͶ˶
СƼ㡭ˣ
۾Ź⣬Ǽ
˯СƼʱѹȻﵽ磡
һֱΪԼܴܿﵽ磬û뵽ԸٶȲ죬˺ȣͻƻһʱ䣬ֻȳɹˣ
ġ
붼ü


2180 Դ
̲֮סЩԱ
磬һˣƷ۷壬ֻ硭
ʹԺ
ѵ츳ô
ԺҪѸʱˣ츳ŬգȡͻȻٶȶ磬ʵ̧ͷ
ʦ½ʥӵһֱԼ龳ϲһֱڡʼյԼԱˡ
ѡã
ŤŤӣСƼĹԲĶӣԴǵĿ㲻ҽһ˰ɡ
֮ǰһһöսΪ͵ԣǱöεġ
û£ԣ֣Ļ´ɱҵģһ˾ǣ
ƼѵĻпҪ֮ᣬȻԷˣٽһ
ڻټԺ󣬶ǣֻҪʳԡ
лϴ󣡡ٺһЦСƼལͻȻһ죬һ˳ǸղǼһıѾӡǣС
ղһڽλ̵УͬʱҲȥ
ӹܿ飬ٴοǰСͷ
ǺԼ߹ļһеġ
Ĩ汾е飬޷˿飬е״ӳԼսȻӣһȵԾ
нٴǿߣ¶һս
ӽ쿪ʼͽСˣɢĳ
أ
ʧеƺЩ͡
Ľϵģ˶衢ɡ㳦֣֮һ֪ôСʲô˼
ܲٷһ㣿
⣿°ͣС͸ҵģҪм
أ
ڵϣٲҷϻ
ɣ
ֺܱˡ
ȷ֣ʩչһ󽣷ȻеӦ֣ȫܹȫʩչĵ˵ͷ
սȻЩΣգȴҲջܴ󣬲˺ǿֵ߽ľ飬ջŶ
ġϵ˿ɻʼɡͨҲ϶һնɱ
Ҫǣȷڵ˳ǿĻָ˿
ֻҪǱǣ㱻նԴҲɻָ
Ʋ֮
᲻ǡյУںСƼѪҺ
һ
ǿ߲֪٣δһӵкԼһ֮ģЩûУԼȴˣɡ
᲻ǰļйأ
ֻǺ«ʱϴˮ޸ƣҪǿϲԡըɷĩÿһΣ¸һƨ¶ûС
䲻֪Ǻ֣ȷͨƣ첻κ˺ԽԽǿ
һΣǿһΣ
ʱأըɷĩԼյУں˶ԷѪҺγ˼еĽɫϸߣҲӵƵ
ˣղźֵʱȻˣȴûΪ½ԽսԽ¡
ˣСƼڡܻ𣿡
̲סеĺ棬ʵ
ޣﵽƷܻΣƷ飬ǿģ񾳽磬۷壬֮ǰİ
ĺĵӣƷ񾳽磬Ҳɱģû˿
һˣӦÿ˳ģ˰ɣ
ûԹӦаɡ
ͷһۣСƼԴɵĵ
ܻܲΣҲȷ
Կ΢΢һЦ
СƼӦһһת

ȻһΣһһ׳޳Ӱǰ
ҳɹˣܹˡСƼ˷ܣû˵꣬ͼˣķŶͷһı顣
ôˣѵһεĲ˧СƼһ¡
뻯κ󣬱һ˧ȣǰλˡ
ôڳɹˣ⸱飿
ɻȥһ֮£ʱԭأҵͷôû
ʱѾɱģԴȴֻ
ԶԶȥǸĹ
ܻܲα˧һЩڶŸԴ˧ƨŮҲˡ
㻹ǱˣɡΡ
֪Լ϶СƼȻƣǱ˼
ߣ
Ϯɱԭؼҵ֮ǰ˵һͷޣκƣųţ
֮ǰǸǸɢޡ
ղսʱͼĹ۲ˣ֪λֻĻɢޡ
Ҳףһĸ֪ػ£ҶԼ֡
ϾݵãҲܱȵùһ˥
ɢޣҲ֪֮͵ϮΪƲģɣȻɢٲù˼ˡ
һξû̫Σգһǰ
ɽϷʮߴӣÿһ׸ߵͣܵȫ棬м䡣
Ųƴǣռ䷨Ҫܵȹ̣˿ܡ
ûǰδչ¶ɵ飬һǰȥ
Ųƴʾƣ
һӻסȥ·
һۣء
аˣÿһӵƷ񼶱ʵһȺǿóȻδܹռˡ
ӣĻִʮӣѹֵõôѡ
Ƶ˹ȥΪ׵Ļȷһ£ıȭ٣룡
ܻģÿһһصľǿߣǣҲҵ
󣬺ܿǰ
񴫶󷨣һһķͨ
֪٣Ҫȥһ죿
ҪȥԴĵ۶Դʳǣͷ
ϷǸŻ
һָ
˵ͷСƼ˹
ƿŻС
źǸתĹĻ̧̤Уһâһһڣһ̣תһȫʧԭء
ŲƵĿռ䴫ͣȻ֮ǰҹڤǵȵصС£ѾﵽƷ۷壬ɸеҪ˺ѡ
ٴۣһŻĸǰתָƣ˳ȥ
ͬл֤˳뿪
Դ죿
ߣԶĻ
ǣǱ߾ԴԴʳǣͷ
ȥһ㶡
νԴʳǣĻʳǽȻͬһ޴ĳУڵϣپ޴󣬶ǰľȻǸɽڵĴӡ
ɵ氼γɣֱǧһۿͷҲ֪ʶ޷
Ϸһо޴ʯɵĳУڿС
Դʳǣ
զࡣ
ĻҲׯ԰һһǶշ𡭡
湻µģ


2181 αװ۾
٣ҪȥʳǵĻҿȥ
һЦ
һԴģֱ顣
һҪʵ̫ǿˣһܹɵġ
Ҳֻе۾ˣ
ʱ䲻׼ã˹
̤ޱڻĴ£ĳзӶȥ
ûǰܸܵϷľ޴ѹȸС
֮䶯һᣬ̲סתͷЩ棺·ûά֣ģ
ʯͷͳҪһάǰй֮ôԼۣ֮˿ۼ
Դʳ󷨵ģ
һЦԺζ
󷨣ôɣ
ķȹ̣£ֻдﵽ𣬲ܷУǰôһУΪĿԼΪ㣬ֲ󷨣ʲô䰲һ
һëЦЦ͵ʱеʱôɲǻ֪һë棬ëţ޴ĳУŵ
סǰĳп˹ȥȻһ޴ëƽڳе·оڿһ
ëﳤ̣֪õġ
𺳣߻Ƽٴ𣺡ԡ
Լë
һ쵽֪ԳԳԡ
֮ǰǸСආҲˣڶǿˣܲע
㲻ҪһҪء
ǼëҪԣС档
ʲôëڲܳԡȰοһ䡣
Ȳ˵ëĴСǰ̵ֻ£˵̺ϺȣͲͨԿģ˵Լˡ
˵ĳëо٣ǰĹģ;棬ҪˡԴˣԼˣǰļĢˡ
ðɡ
˲óԣСƼȻƣջҡҡͷһΣʧԭأ
óԣǱˣȻԽԽ
ٶȺܿ죬ܿϷ
ɷ˵һ£ԴʳҪע飬ղ˵Ļ˭
ݹȥһöƷԪ
ԷͨƷͨƷԪͼֵˡ
Ȼӹҩ󣬻̬̱ˣ϶ЦݣԴʳԴĵ۶ԴۣҲǲ۾ܹõŲƴΪѾǿߣҪעģҲֻλˣ
һλҸղ˵ĻӵлѪһŭضܷգھ֮еķУǿߡƿػʳλá
ڶλǱӵбѪ죬֮ԻΪƿԴʳǱλá
ڵλӵзϵѪٶȼ죬˲ƣȻսǰλҪߣ׷ϣʳ
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ͬһеϱˣȻһ㡣
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ӵвͬķѪѵԴĵ۾Ҳ֮йأ
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ıȷЦЦԴ죬Ҳв죬ⷽˣв۾ǡ֪˼ңΪ֣
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˵֣ΪһϲۿķĹû˵
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ȻΪοʦһս˵ۣ
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۾֮Խ֣Ϊ˼ң޻Σ壬Ǿ֮У߹Ѫͳѹ
ҪǶԷִ󷽣ǣ۾飬Բ˵
񣿡Ȼ
ԭˡ
֮ǰֻΪޣʣµļڿҲǡ
֪죬Щ۾޻εģһ뷨ʵ
ǰˣϾҪͻˣȻǳԵ֪ʶ֪ҡҡͷ綫ϱģ޻Ρ죬۱ޡ죬͵۾׻ޡϷ죬ǲ۾岻ҲȸޡڱڤڤۣޡĴޣļ
۾Բ
֮ǰѯʸʱȻ˾ŵ۵䣬ȴ֪Ĳ࣬û뵽ϱļĴء
׻ȸ䡭
˵ģҶ˵ˣҪʲô¾͹ȥɣԴʳǽֹңǧҪ鷳Ȼп䡭
ǰλɶףٶ˵ޣҪȥ
ȱæһҪѯʡæڣ֪Դĵ۾סʲôطǲҲ˳ƺ񣿡
۾Ȼסڵ۾ǳƺҲν񹬣˵ʮûˣ˶޷롭
⣬ڵ۾£Ҿ֪ô࣬ٶҲˡ
ͷ
۾£ҹѯʣϾ̫ţȥ˭á
ǡҪ̽Ϣȥ˭ȽϺʣ
֪ԷֻǸͨƷϢԴޣʵ
ҪʲôϢˣһϢһЩо֪̾ӣϢ϶ĺܿ˵Ļ³۵ݵ˵ҵϵܹ򣡡
¶Ľ֮ɫŵȻ̽ĺ͸ղһǣ۾϶֪Ĳ࣬Ѱˣһλ磬֪Ϣ϶Ҳ࣬ЩСԽӴġ
лȭ
Է˵Ĳ
ǣ۾֪˿϶֪࣬ǲǼ̳˲۾λã񣬾ںδôϵҵܹģȻǻλ
ΣһЩǿߡ
ֻ̫ͣǿߵг̣ȷǿԽӴġ
ȻҲͲ֪ˡ
ֻǡ
һһǿƾսʤʵôӴ
Ҫȥܻû˵ͻᱻԷһƣ
ǡ
ӵһЩΪ֮ɵݣ
硭Ļ죬Լǵ۾
֮󲻽ƷԪףһ鶼̵ƣ˼ıˣȻҩģҾٰô޴ķᣬĻӵĵطס
ֻҪݣҪ̽ʲôϢ׺ܶࡣ
뵽⣬üģ˼Ҫαװɵ۾ԣ


2182 񹬵
뷨Ժֻתһᣬֱ׿
۾۷ǿߣỹУϾֻԲй¶Ϣһð䣬Ϣ״ݳȥʱݣսŲȨ
ʵﵽˣ򣬼п⵽Ĩɱ
ͺǰ˽ԵðʵһĴ
οҪ˵ð䡭ð˭
ŵۣ֮ǰͷᣬԼרˣԼ񡭡
ڵ˶Էĵ̣ðԷˡ
ػãǡͿˡ
ߣð䣬ֻܽӴǵ۾ˣһѯʣȻ¶ڡ
ظαװαװӵܣѪҺⲻҲֻǺƭͨˣ۾϶һ۾ͻᱻݡ
˲֪ŵۣŪɾŵ۱βʶͬĻ飿
Ҽ۾һʾ¶ڡԣναװûκ塣
˼Ƭ̣ûκκð취Щͷ۵üģٴοǰĻһ£˵ʵʵЩ飬Ҫ۾֪ʲô
۾ЩҲ˼ҡϧʵ̫ˣҲͷǿߣʸɣ
ҡͷ
Ϊ˭ۼ۾Ľ̻壿
˶Ҫ۾Ҳøɱˣˣ
ǡأΪһܲһֱ񹬣ӲҲӲ˰ɣ
ǿԽȥҲûôף˵۾ټûܹԼȥӵܣҲֻõһݣʸ룬һҹ

һˣһҹü
һ壬ǿǲǣֻвһᣬ۾£ûʲôˣԣ壬ÿһαԣѡγһĺ󱲣벻ҳأиܹ򵽲УΪ͵λֱʱڣͻпܣ
¶Ľ֮ɫ
ҳأһ£ʵⶫ˵ʮǰѾٻ𣿡
ⶫ׿˵ųһ峡أֻѾٻˣ޷޸ԣȥ˵ء
ûҾͲ֪ˣٻ̺ͷӦûڣңڣĲ֮࣬е۾µĺۼȥ򣬶϶кܴġ

ûз
ΪԽߣԽ̣ﵽ۾ּһһ˵Գһ
ͺʦʦ½żɱ˸򣬴ӶΪԽԽǿ
ҳؾٻܹ񹬣һҹ϶Ҳмġ
ˡܹ񹬣лء˭Ҫã
ͻȻȭͷ
Ҫ̽۾£˭ʣף𲻱Ҫ鷳ǡܹ񹬣
пҵ֪ľ
뵽⣬ҲͲסʵ˵һˣҪôȣ
ȻҪԣͷʱɣһεıԣպʼʱÿ壬ѡγʮӵܣμӾõһģʸڱʲôҾͲˣ⼸ֵ÷з˶֪ˡ
׹ϸѯ˼䣬Ūôˡ
񹬵һȻܹǰĿ˺ͱʮֲпᣬô׵õġ
Ҫ䲻ʮΪٴﵽƷ񾳡
ܷһ壬ѪǿֻҪѪ٣ɵһס֪ˡ
˶ֱ̬һЩ磬㼸ɡ
ΣѪҲмҪ󣬷򣬺˷ѻᡣ
Ȼ忼ݣԷ˵ȻΪԡ֮඼ߵѡͨ
һѡγͻֱӽ񹬣л
Щ죬壬ӦٻеӵܣýڵѡΣ
ͷ
ÿӵܶ뿪ǰְһʢᣬȻὫЩӵټ
ѯһЩȫ棬뿪ȥ
ԴʳǾڿеĳУȴûһ㲻Ӧ෴͵ûκУһ߼̽Ϣһ˼ޣһӵܣҲǲʶģ֪֮ܲܺǰһŪݣһ壬취ȡΨһ
һ뷨ð˳


2183 Ÿ
ǧꡢļ壬֦Ҷï󱲳ȥппĳأпܵõӶһȥյļУ֮ʵϣкġ
ͺ죬ͨ磬һѪѱͽףĿľǽɢ֧ڡ
ڵȫðһķ֧ǰԷμӿˡ
ֻҪѪ鲻⣬ͲᷢΣա
˭
֧ܶ˴мǧ꣬ˣȥ飿
޴Ӳ
ô졭
һ£ȷû⣬Ŷ֮оǸӶȥ
ǻƿصķΧֵķݣֻ֮ɫȵУ¯
Ҫˣﵽ龳磬ǿ󣬿¶һӶֲס
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һ·ǰ˴˻һڵפأǰ
޴ĸ֮ۡǰһΧܲž޴󷨣˲׽С
δżȥڶҸ޴ľ¥
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˸λҪЩ⣬ճ˼ڣͼԶĴš֨ѽ򿪣һӰ˸ˤڵء
ɣ
꣬˳ֺζ
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Ÿ꣬ȭͷҪ˵ʲôջû˵¶һ˿Ȼתȥ
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ӵܾʵѪĺģûλ̵ȵףʲôǣ
ɢǻһ壬ԴҲƣǺĵӣûԴɾޣҲû취¡

¥ﲻ˿һĻѹۡ
һᣬ׹
λŸ裬ǰһ壬ҫ۵֮һʹﵽƷ񾳽磬似⣬һܳңһʱ޶
ϧ˲ڣλҫ۵ǣһγ֪ʲô˲˵ѪҲǱһ㣬ʧӰ١
ƻָԺԴֱ߼٣ڵĵλҲܵɣǰ죬ٴμѪ̶̺ȣѾ͵ͨӶĵزǱȡĵݣϳ˼塣
裬ŬҪָ֮ǰĵλȴﳯ˴ˣҲͳˣղſһĻ
ڵǣ˾ӵ֮ˣ˹άǱǿҪֵܣﳯһԣʧȥݣȻ
˾͹һжǫھж͸߰
ҡͷ
磬Ϊһûʵʲô㲻ϡ
ֲ˱ˡ
У˺۵ķŸ裬߽˾¥ھ벻Զĵطڴڵĺžơ
˹ȥ
λţΪȻǿֻƷ񾳣ӷǵͻƣпܣٴµ
ΪµǾʲô
֡
£ˣϢȫݻ٣򣬵һΪ˲ġ
λ֮ǰ˵ӣ۷ʱпܺԼһﵽƷ۷壬ڲûʵʱ񡭡
⵽ʲô£⵽ķɣ

֮䶯ϸǰ꿴˹ȥüͷ̲ס
ɱ¾Ϣ
ǰ꣬ھȻ̺һŨɱ¾֮ȻصĺܺãѲ֮۵̽ӡ
ɱ¾ֻ֮Ҫսܶ˶Уǽɳıʿ׿Ҳˣֻǡ
ǲ⣺ɱ¾֮ȻЩơ
ԶзŸ꣬ھȻ̺˲еɱ¾֮˲ŨŨȤ


2184 Ÿβ
ʦ½ϲԺ磬֪еĲࡣ
ԽԽŨ䵽磬ֻʱ˱仯Ҫǣеʦ½Ũ˲֪ٱһ
ˣߵһﵽα񾳣΢ɾ
ˣɱ¾֮Ũһֿ֮УϲԵˮܵõ⣬úһ磬ˡ
Ϊ֮ʣ֮ת򹦷һûκ⡣
Ҳ˵ɱ¾֮Ѿˡ
ΪǰڻУ
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Ʋ⡣
ˣƲ۾Ϊô۾ĺ󱲣Ҳһӵɱ¾֮Ҳ˾档
ֻǡ
ΪֻλУûУ
һᣬ֮̽鲻һ£ƺԷ˹
ڶ棬Ҳ˵ͬȾơ
Ÿü¶һ˿ãǷﳯͷɹЦҵģ뿪Ǳ˷ͬʲô˶ԳŪģ
ڴȣרŸϹ£ûж⣬ֻȵưˡ
˰֡
Ҳǻһˣ
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ǰɣҲͣ濴ҼܺãҲûʲôƣΪΪ𽥽ͣ
ߣЩøУ˵ڹʹŸɫһ
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2189 ŷ
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ԷղŵĶҲô⡣
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ԴѻƷ۷壬Ȼһ࣬ȴҲһЩͬǿ߿Կģ
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2191 ٴδ
ֹûһЦ˫ֱ󣬼ϾҪǰ֮ʱ͹³һ

ڿγһâｭȫʩչ£֮һǴƵĴɢ
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һеһУеȺϻͬһȼ
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û뵽ǰλǿǿĹһЧû𵽣ｭż;ýźʲôһ¡
أ
ˤڵأ
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ｭˤǰλŰģֻоСУ۷徹ȻҲʹãؼЧʮ
֪˵뷨ٴһЦûиߵͣʤ
ʱ򣬱˵ｭһЩΪͨƷ񣬶ܱ˵ɴ˿ʵʵˡ
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ôʤ
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ԷţｭƬ̣Ⱥҽȥ׼ŷ󣡷ŸΪ壬Ҫأɢ֧ҪԣֻҪܴȥͬʱ⡭
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Щ֪ʶǰѧĸ˲֪ٱУԽѧԽ֮ǰǳ
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ܲʤŷ󣬲ٴｭǿߣǾŸϣҲܹһս
лʦ
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սɣҲֻλŵ棬̡
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2192 Ÿ
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ʦղ˵һͷ͵׹˶Էúõ壬ǰ壬ͬǵĺ֡Ψһķ»صղŵλãͬʱ
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ֻ̨ϣΪѾɱķŸ裬͵׷ϣȾɪɪͣˡ


2193 Ѫ
ôܣ
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Ÿ»صǰٴολͱСʦͶء
֮ǰɣ˿ȫɳݺ;
ͨŷеĿˡϲŸ裬»صڣ
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лæͷ
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˶ûע£εĻתԲʯ·ͨһ£ӿе䣬˫һڵأ̶̾룬ʧȥ
ͬһʱ̣ڱչصĻһ棬͵۾


2194 ƸеķŸ
һѪԵλѪҺƶȣʯѪƶı
ԺѪûʲôϵӰ첻ˣ֪ΪΣ͸ոգðһ¶
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۾
ͫһ
Ϊָܹоģֻһ
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ΪɸܵŨϢ
Ǵ۾㸴Ҳûô졭ҡҡͷ𵱳۾µĻٴα۾̽һ¡
ָоֻһ˲ʧˣУҪ̽飬ȴ类ΣҲҲɡ
ҡҡͷ
ȻˣûҪᣬ羡ʵ
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һϳˣ»Ȼӵ˺ɨһʵڻһ壬Դǣ˾޴ĺ䶯
ıԣžУպпգȥϴĵط
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תͷۿѧðһʺš
⺢զˣ
Ҿ¸ӣΣվͻˣڸжӰɡδ̫Ƹˡ


2195 
ץұڣһУڰӣһɾ޴ʱὫû
Խߣؿڵĵ׹ԽȣһֿҪڻĴڵתҲԽԽ
ͺӣĿǡ

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һ̰һȥȫˣԼܲڴڳԼԵɣ
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СƼ㬣ѾˣⶫûãİɡԡðɣͳһζóԾͲˡкüأ
ԣͷƤ飬ֻһ˵û뵽汻¶ˡΣջǵ˵ͷȥɣռЩ֣Σգͱȥо˵
СƼȣЩ΢ҪΣգԸҪ


2196 СƼǲ۾
һֱŪңҽǳġСƼһ³
ϴλΣͷǰռܽŪܳɱˡ
ţȻģһ뵽ǰλըɷĩָջǵ˵ͷٶ˵

צһ̧СƼռ˹ȥһ˲䣬Ť˹Сˣ˲٣ͨƣȻ֮ǰʯмĻЩơ
ѲɡСƼǷģ
ͻȻð뷨
ܹгޣ࣬Լֻﵽ磬ܳ׻Σ嵽׶ǿ
۾
òᡭǲ۾ɣ
һ뷨ð˳
۾ųƲȴˣ֡
СƼͻأʦ½һ«Լըɷĩǵͻϣٽ
ϲԼ۾ĹʱҪڿ˵ػá
޷˥֮ϴˮɿƳ
оԴǵëеϤǰռ䣬ҲϤ
ϴأͷԼͳƺ۾СƼը飬ѪҺС
ԼҲΪѪҺ˲ԣأָ̻
ҾȻѵ۾޳裿
ԽԽøβƤ
磬֪۾ĵλǿʦҪΪ۾ҲҪϿɣ
һƷ񣬽۾ѱΪ޳裬һûָ䣬˵ʲôһָ᲻һͽԼŪ
Ӧòǡǲ۾ļλߣں«ڵӦҲܸӦװʲô֪
Ŀǰ֪Ϣؼпǲ۾ļλߣȻˣʦ½ͼʢСƼĶϲ
ȻҲ˵
۾϶ҲеˣΪزãһ֣пûɳǰͽ֮Ĩɱ
ԣȻҪ϶Ҫĳף˭޷
ˣȥˣܽ񹬣أһŶ⿪
ô඼ûã֮취񹬡
׿ҵ˼ռ俴ȥ漴СƼںͼݴս
ռ棬ܰͻ磬ҩıʵƣ㲻ӦҲˡ
СƼǿټΪҲǸߣʱ䲻ͽҩݳ׳͵ţ·˳
뿪ռҲŤģӵв̶ֳ֮ȵ˺ʲôҩķŵУһΣٴ뵤˯ȥˡ
һ꣬СƼսʱ򣬳һζã㽫
ȡУҩװãס˿ڼ룬طӶȥ
ղõҩͼ̽һ£Ͳ²һȷݣܰٷ֮ʮĻͻ硣
һЩϡҩƳɵҩĻЧѡ
ⶫֻҪĹͻƽʮּ򵥡
ʦû°ɡ
صͷŸֿĵطͼһĵĿ
ȥ˵ɣ
ʱΣգٶȲ죬뿪˲٣ʱ˾»ص档
һصȺķޣ»ص塣
ΪԭѾҵˣٲõڵĺǰһǰĵӣ΢΢һЦңһҵ֮ǰ˵ݣƳɵҩһöֻҪúͻָտɴ
ҵݣһö
ŸǼ
Ϊֻƭ˵Ĵ˵û뵽ģʦҵˣ
ˣȻӦ
ۿٴһ졣
ҳȥһˣձ֮ǰϻ
ǰλƸеĵӣ˼һ£ʵ
ھԣаʱ䣬Ƚҩ˵һɹͿֱͻƣٲõȺ
ͻĵҩôƵģ֮Ȼʮָ뵽ĵһѡ֮ǰĸ
λʦųһǿߣ֣һʧ
ؼǣ֮йŶԷƷ
Ȼⶫһй¶ȥֲ֪жˣҪ׷ɱԼ
ĺ䶯϶ϵݵӿ£
ϾһλһͶһǷԾܾջ
ʦСġ֪ʦ϶ҪŸҲ˵
ͷҪй¶ݵ£ųٴԴǵĴŲƴȥ
죬ִȥһ죬ҵ굤ٻʱӦܹϵϡ


2197 
һ·ƽ˾Ҳû͵ϮСƼͣԼṩ͵ҩ΢Щź
ʱʳǳǰ
죬Ҳ죬Ϸ򣬳߱β֣۾Ϊӣŵ֮еһλŮԴۡ
˵λۣ޾£˫һΪɲ⣬ۡ۾˱ȣ˿
Ϲ񡢰Ҷ죬ͬһŮ˵粻ٷλ⣬ֻϧܾˡ
ʵҲλʵӵ֮һȻƾ⣬κһܻķˮûҪһֱ
ֻ仨⣬ˮ飬λŮԷǵĵ۾һκӶмһˣ֮Уδ䣬Ҳû˵λй͹ϸ
ֻаʱ䣬û̫๦˷ѣʳǣ͸ѶϢܿõ˻ظԭصȵʱ䲻ͼλһʦ˹ǰ
Сѣôңϡ
ź롣
֮ǰĻʳǷֱʱ໥˴ѶķҲ˵пչݷãû뵽ôˡ
ЩһֱоϵԽоǰλҲԽ
磬֮϶ˣǰλƳĵҩɷֱ治䷽Ͳϣô⣬Ԫ£һȶǲŪˡ
ǣûĵҩþ޸ڰˣͻϣԪܹɡ
ΣȻףǰλϵĳɾͣԶԶĪ
ˣôҹԵʮּ
²ι󣡡ȭ
Ŷһ㶣漴ЦСѲÿһʣֻҪܹæȻ߾ȫ
лˣ
ԷƺԼΪСѣԼҲڳƺԷʦͣһ£Ϊιøְæһֵҩ
˵أһ£Ȼ֮Զʤңơѵҩ
ǰλܹƳϵݵַ֮⣬ͬ޷ʤȴܹԼҪƣʵ޷Ʒ
ǣҲϡ
ƵϵȻûﵽȴͨĵҩ˵ͬҩҲûʲô
ȥ˵ɣּ֪ĵҩ˿ӣٶʣһУһֱ̱̽Զȥ
ΪŲƴƿ֮һλֲͣ٣ҲŵΣˣֻǸסĸۡȴ͵˵С١
ӣ֪٣Ȼܳһ޴š
ֱۡӽ˷䣬ϢתٴοСѣ츳ʵĵҩܹƳģһֻа֣ҪƵҩ֮УңҲΪ
ĵҩǣشͶǿϣ㲻رԣּҩܹƵģֶѣ
֣ü䲻֪ĵҩһж٣Ҳܲ³ǰô٣Ҳ϶Ҳûֱ̫ӵơϵֿ֪˵ܷƳɹ
ϵһ㶣ֵҩ
ҩﲻ٣ͻĵҩһ˵
Ҹóûˣ
־磬ġ쵤ˡ
·ϣݵԺ˺ܾãҵܹҩ䷽һжֻۣδʵ֮С
ͼȷˣûκδֻҪϸղɣҩɷӳݵԣͻƷ񾳽磬ߡ
ó
ٴοͶء
˴ϵʮ־ˣû뵽ԷȻóͻϵ
δ̫˰ɣ
ǣҵʵ޷ƣϣܹæֻҪܹƳɹٴۣҲϧ
ˣܹԼֵ֤ҩĳ֣һλʦ˵Ҳֵң˵һ䣬ŵ֪ɷҿһ£Ҵδƹܲܳɣްգ
öԷƣȻûʲôĵģһȡһöóĵ¼棬˹ȥ
ֽӹһۣ漴۾Բ岻ͣ⡭⡭ȷܹɣ


2198 
ǰĵֱţ֣ľš
ҩݡδҲûҲˣҩδ̫˼
˵˵ڵλҩѣ֮ǿմϣܲס
Ĳᱻ
еʮλİҶ㻨ûжԣȴܹΪʩչ
ͻƵҩӦһЩ̺㣬ٽתҩҩһãͣͣô
˵ͻˣŪãֱ棡
еڶʮһλѪⶫͨҲܳܣ˵һΣΣҲᱬըɣ
ƾ飬һۿȥǵֱ
⣬ŻϡС⡭ܹζҲóԣɷŰ¯ңһľм⻹ôԣ
ȫ°
Ѿùһˣûκ⣡ͷ
һ飿ץͷ
ĴǶԵҩʲô⣿
ˣʦµʱΪ˷ֹ˷ҩģҪüʮ飬ģϰٱ飬ȷ󣬲Ÿơ
㡭һ飬ûκˣ
ôоôϷ
İɣ϶ܹƳ
ĵģЦ
ãͼݶȷˣ⡣
Ȼ˵һԣǡҴδƹҩҪֲпܵҩȫ𻵡
Է϶֪޷Ȱ裬
ɹҩͻᱻջ٣ϵЩҩÿһֶʮ󣬻ٻһ¯Գܡ
𻵵ģЦЦֻҪʱ򣬰ղһ㶼Ͳκ⣡
ãٶ˵
ԷҪŪһַ
Լֻǰæ
ǡǾͿʼɣ
ֻаʱ䣬Ѿһʱ㣬ϲϻȥμӱԡ
ţ
һһ޴¯ǰһУһŻ·ȼա
Ƶҩר¯Ȼﵽ
ڻ棬ҩܹ
лˡ
͵֣˿һһҩͻأ֣һڿС
Ļ죬ͨŪ˲ҩģղƵʱҲǸӵеҩģԣҪȥѰҡ
ҩͻȻüСѵҩġֻһݣ
ǰֵҩ϶һһ꣬ûиġ
ͨҪ׼ҩģʧҲܼʱֲֻһݣһҩƳ⣬пܲ䲻̽䣡
һݾ͹ˣҸʱ䣬ֻһƵĻᡭ
ʱ䣿

ɻľǼ꣬οּҩ
߰㣬ҩֻ׼һݣؼǣ̬Ȼôꡭ
ȷǹģ
֮ǰǰλ˸񣬹ھ£ȴãЩ̫ˡ
ʼɣ
Է漴һѾһҩӽԼ¯
üëһ˵
¯ûȣͷҩַô衭
ôԽԽãأ
ˣ˵ôƣҩ
Լ֣֪ȷûôףֹͣ˼ҩĳ嶯
¯ûȺá
Щ̲ס
ЩҩģҪȺã¶̫ߣ𵽷áһ䣬ŵ󣬷ľҶҶŽȥӰٷ֮ߵĻ¶ȣȻùľַŶҶݡ
ȥٶȼ졣
֪ҵĹľַ
£ʱͻȻһ
ľַַУƧķţΪѧϰʮĹ
ѧΪ̫ƧûôùʱˣԼˡ
û뵽ԷȻ֪Լᣬһھ˵˳
֪ڲѯʵʱһҧַʩչһҩģնԷ˵ʱַ¯һֱƴ߶ȼգ¶ԽԽȡ
̣
ҩİնԷ˵ʱŽȥʱȼյҩȴڻ˲䣬ںϡ
⡭
һ𣬸š
û¯ĿľΪҩҩԣܹõĽһ𣬵Ϊ治ַͬͬҩܺԤһںϵﵽԤڡܹںһضķΧ㲻ˡ
ǰλʱַ
Ȼҩٷ֮ٵںϣ

˵еķ۾ȻһУ


2199 Ҫͻ
һʦĿػͶҩԵİչȻﵽ۷壬ֻҪ˵׼ȷʱͲ裬ɣֺ
ܿ죬һٶҩȫ˵¯ںһγһȭͷСҩΡ
տʼƽʱںϵҩģһһںϣò˼飬˺𾪵Ȼľ
ƺֻҪնԷ˵ķʽƣѽϵҩںһ𣬲ֺ
տʼЩɻΪλ󣬲ףǰλԸҩĵ⣬Ȼﵽĵز
֮ǰΪⶫƽʱԼңһڽ¶ȣյһǧٶȣԻʧʱֻҪľںϣԷǵḴ̼ܽȫϸ
Ҷ㻨ˣܹضҩض¶ںϣûӰ죬ȹ̾תٶȣ
ÿһҩĵԣǰ꣬ķӳ˷ѷֺ
Ѿܸˣʱףҩôдһµأѹرա
ԡ
ŵ¯еҺûһβ󣬸һͻȻ뵽ʲôæѾһҩˣΪλûóҩģ
ղһƣϸ룬ͣʱ˲Ծ
һһٰҩģʱһˣΪҩĻû֣
νҩģҩΪĵҩͬеĸֽ֧ڣܹܣĳƷ
ĵҩǽҩǰ룬к͡ںҩģ˿̣һˣȫϡ
ⵤҩȷҪɣ
ͳһϳˣǴ⡢Сʮ֮ϣ˶ûȷûڿЦ
żȣ
ǰĵ¯
ãȻɻ󣬵Էҳɣڵӿ뵤¯̱
¯¶ȼӡ
𣿡
ոƵҩΣʼڣʱըüëæʵ
ҩҺѾںϺˣȵըĻǰĹ򶼽׷ѡ


ҧҧӿ¯»¶ȼǡ
¶Ѿﵽܼļˡ
̶λһʦͷðˮ
ڵΪ¯еĻ¶ȣѾﵽޣٸߵĻò˵ƿزסյը¯
¶Ȼ㡭ü
ݣռ䶼ܻ𣬶¶ȵҪ󼫸ߣǰλ߶Ļ棬¶ǲˣûﵽɽڻĵز
Ѿþȫɫһףңڵֻάʮͻ᳹ĸɾ
Ȼǿ󣬵ȫ;мģ⣬ʮǼޡ
һĴ֮ǰŬһ
ȭͷһ
һмƻôû뵽λô
ң¶ȴﲻĻټʮҲð
û취ˡһڵΪڣͻƵ۷塭Ȼû࣬ȻӲ٣߶Ļ棬¶ȲŻߣӶﵽҪ󣡡
Ϊֻڣ۷廹һξ룬Ҫʧܣֻһ취ͻƣ
ֻҪﵽ۷壬Ӿ¶Ȼ͸ȣʱڻݣҩƳɹ
Ȼ֮ǰһŬǰ׷ѡ
ͻƣĻһ£ⲻǿЦʱ򡭡
ΪжߣԼʮҪͻƣͻˣҲڵȵڡ
ο˿άֵޣʲô˲ϡͻƣ
Цİɣ
ûЦʧܣΨһ·һ÷ϻ֮ڣ޷ͻƣΪõĵҩ̫࣬ڵ޷
ҩֶٺõĵҩԵöˣɻڴָĶԣʱڣûʲôΪԽԽߣԽԽһ㣬ԵüҪˡ
ͺλΪʦ֮һõҩͻƵĻᣬȱ˶˲֪٣˵ȫõҩڵľ磡
õҩ˶࣬ȻȻѻڣ޷
з
ڣҰʲô룬ֱӳͺã
֪Էȷ֢״һָͻأּʮö롣
ˣ
дŷֱ򸡽Ѩ˹ȥ
üëһλʦֿͻȻҧҧ۾һգƴˣ
ٲ⣬ɶԷ壡


2200 
Ӹղŵλ᲻񻰵ͲŨŨܶҩģоֵزôܻẦԼ
ԣֿ֪ΣգȴҲҧˡ
ۣ
Ѩһӿڣ֮ǰΪľ£һ˲䱬ը
ڱ͵ӿƵ̰ӵĺ
꣡꣡
ȣգ۹˷츲صı仯˵ʣҲһ¥յһ
͡ͻˣ
һ
Ϊƽˣ
ӣ˵飬ǰλɣ
Ѿ˶ʮˣԥ¯£æǳ⡣
Էڵȫֻܼʮ룬ͻƣܹ˶ʮٲ㣬һĴ¶ȶûﵽҪͬ᳹ʧܡ
ΪûݣʧܣҲֻ˷һͨҩģɡûôʱ䰡
һҩѾѽӽʱˣҵҩģԷָơ
ٻȥƻ˶ˣ
ԣɹʧܣ
ãҧ
ȻͻƵ۷壬ûüδ࣬ԣʱֻܼʮҡ
䲻֪ԷԼµĿʲôڣҲֻ
ܣ
þӿ룬¯µĻ棬Ȼøҫۣס¶ȣٴԾ
ͷϺˮٴðתͷֵˣ¶޷ߡ
Ϊͻˣûúụ̀¶ޣٴﲻû취ˡ
¶ȹˡ֣
۾ҲЩ졣
ǳҩͻƵģӹȻ̫á
ΪֻҪͻƵ۷壬¶ȣɿԴﵽԽû뵽¶ȸͻٽ㣡
ٽ㣬ڿڻݵ¶ȣΪٷܹ֮ɹĵҩ˿Ҳû˰գ
ˡ
֪ԥãһҧȡ˳һҩͬʱӽ¯
䣡
ȵ¯ҩҺһӴڵ¯ȼոմﵽٽ¶ȣٴһ¡

ޱȵݣڻ֮ǰҩҺںϡ


㡭ȭͷ
ݾڻɺ֮ǰҩҺںϣҲҪʱ䣬ԶĸԼֲס
һ
Բʵڲˡ
ɫһף㣬ˤڵء
Ѿĵ丵βʣ
ʧȥλ۷ӳ֣¯Ļ棬Ϩ¯ڵ¶ȣҲʼ
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ݺҩҺںҲһʧ˲䣬ɣضɽҡĺöҩֱ¯˳ռ
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ѾûƵ¯׷ҩˡ
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˵ǣʱ̣δӣǽҩˡܵǣҩﵽּȻӵԼǣץסпƣգù
ǰλΪֻƷ񾳽磬ǰЩҩûﵽȴҲˣ
öϣԼûͻǰҪץסûôףο˿丵βʣ
Ҳ˵
ȻƵҩɹȴҲֻҩߣʲôò
أ
һЩҩ¯̳˷ķӡշȥ
ôô٣üëһ¡
ļ㣬ö˾׼ַܹƳʮöҵĵҩû뵽ֻö
ʱǼʱüëһһݣѾڿڣһ֣һ㡣

ڿγһ޴
˫˿ǧǧᣡ
֪Щҩһ֣ͽǿĽת
ϲʱĳԽĽ磬иģĳ飬ȫ֡
ķ϶Ȼܴ󣬵һͻԶ
ֻ֣©
֨֨֨֨
ҩһմ޷ѣ˲ͱĨеԣС
ˣ
ߵĵҩץס˿˵ЩʲôͻȻǰһ¯һöҩ͵ؼգ۹һڵ㣬Ҫʧ
ˣȻһö
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£Ƶҩͬһ¯ɵҩҩЧ󣬵Ҳ⡣
ͺΣﵽ¶ȵʱַ̫̣ŵ̫࣬ټϸĴҩûüƽ䣬ȻγһöҩЧǿĵ
öҩҩԣҩҩԺüĻȻ


2201 Ҷ
ѹ֣һֱƳʮöҩȴֻöԭʣµҩöϣ
ˣԸǿӵ˿ǻۡ
ղҩȥʱһ¯ڣ޷죬ץסҩľɵ˲䣬˳ȥ
ʱģʾ˲
һɹȻɣȴʧȥĶ
ӵõ𣿡
û뵽һöҩϷˣڸһ̤˲ŷ
䣡
˱ֱҩʧķ˹ȥ
쳾̤첽תޣҩٶȷɿ죬ٶȸ죡
Ʒ۷塭ܷɣ
ɴ۾
ܷУ粻ɸĵĶɣǰλһսĵҩ߲˵ȻٶȱԼȫ
ôģ
һʱ䣬Ƿ񿴴ˡ
ߵĵҲû뵽λƷ񣬲Ȼɣɵô죬ܿͻᱻ׷ϣߣ͵תһûһλɫ꣬һ˹
Ʊãݺᡣ
öҩƿصȻﵽ𸡽˿
ߣ
ɫѿͣͬһʱ̣гӭȥ
ȻɫĸɾͨղŵķУˣսǵû˿½ǿ
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룬սپ
⣬ҪǣöߣֳĶʵ̫ˣ̶̼Ѿмʮʶ̽׳ֱʡ
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񾳽Ľн⣬Ȼһϸߣϸ΢һ㣬˳ȼһλ棬Ǵϣǰ³һ˿İһɲǣ仯ǰ˸ʵʵ
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סǲš
ƣΪֻҪԼͷþȫȻɽնɱζûϵһжûʩչ꣬ͱס
Ʒ񡭡ôǿ
գ
֪Լֲ˶ãȫУʩչн˲٣÷ϻγɵ͵ս

һҺɵ꣬С±һöԲĵҩʧ
ץס˿һŵҩֱ˹ץסͻȻеһɹĵͣ˿УЩʹˡ
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λѣöҩҡƵҩոӳȥлץסм
˹Ů΢΢һЦ
һѨըסԼɢ۾
ǣܹͻջʵ̫󣬸ղžһֱģܹغû뵽ˡ
˶Ȼ˵ֱ׳磬ûйһжȭͷ˵
ŮüëһһöģŷץסҩװæƾⶫȥѡȡһΪ꣡
һΣ˹
ǿȡ𣿡гһڣ۾𣺡ҵĶ֪
ԷסԼԼסĵҩҲˣȻֱ˵ԼģֱҪ˼¡
ĶöҩһƶɣһССƷ۷ƵĳƵĳŮЦһ˦䣺Ц
Ȼ޷Ƴöҩ˸ʦƶɣṩҩַɱѣ׷˵Ƶģ֪öҩкҩƶɣҪЩ裿

ŮЦҲ֪ҩίƣҸҩģôһת۱ˣ˵ɣҲ۸㣬ھ֤һ£öҩ˭ģ
Ů˵꣬ͷһ򣺡
ͬһϸߣٴȥ
û˵۾
ȻûˣʶмʮŮһھ˵ԼģĿֻһռݴ壬ýöΪУ
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㣬ͿԿǰλȻʳǣλ͡
ҵҩֱ׳졭֪γƺһʵ
֪֪ң
ҲŮһ£ݸһЦҶ죡
Ҷ죿
ɫһ


2202 ֮
ʳǣĻˣ֪ڣ֮⣬ǿλֱϹͰҶ졣
ʵ൱һƿһء
Ϊ»˲֪ǿߡ
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֪ԼݣҶ˫ֱŮҲ˵ͷ¿ȥ漴ĸλƷǰ
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ŭһ޵еҰʳϿգճ
ʳǵˣȫеŨŨѹ׵壬Ǹеά֣类ʱӿеȥ
Ҫео٣ͼֲסˡ
˵ǿߣ¶ⲻס
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Ҷ챾ΪԸһƷֵԷҶ˵ϻζû뵽ֱóôķɫһס
Ҫֵеʹɫ鼮ѹ£ͬ첲ȫѣһûס


2203 ۾
⵽ʲô
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۾֮޵Уܹ⣬ˣʸʱǿȡᣬĶԷ
ֻǡζ벻ǰλƷ۷񣬼ַ
ס类ѹֺǵ۾ʩչΪżͬ޷⡣
ҿ
֪ͷϵ鼮ʱȥ²⣬Ҷһȫӿһƺ죬һԸȡеֵ
ͨû̫֮ǿΪԵһԸӶγԼ
ضڣ޵С
޵Уǰһʲô㲻ϣֻһ£ɢϱѹ顣
ۣ
Ѫ磬λһصķ¶š
֮ǰΪԵֵ˿׹취Լпڼڣѹɡ
Ҵˣҿöҩ˻˼ҪΪУʲôҩǴӶ֮ǰȫȻ֪
ҧٹ˲󣬰Ҷ켱æͳ
ӺȻǺ߸Ҫ
Ҷ˵ĵҩ
ղֱ׳һΪġû뵽Ȼ
ҵŮʵͷ
ͻƵĵҩ㣬ô죿
ҡܻͬľٶ

˸һ𶯡
ҩűץסҶͳˣټֱ׳һĻˣΪ˵ģζû뵽Ȼǿȡᣡ
λŮǳ׳ˡ
ŮҲˣκ£ġ
Ҹᣬ˿˵ЩѾˣ޶ԡ
ղѾ˶Էˣ֪գƣȻˣֻһ·ߡ
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ǿҲûԽ֮ᣬΪ
ˡ
ٻζһӰͻأ֡
һλϹ
Ҷ죬˱Բķɱ۾ϣ˴ˣ
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ͬΪλҶ죬ȻԼҩʱŶԷû֣ŵ۾
ȴɷչƾʲôҪ˲
Ц
ҪвӦף۾ϲΥϹ
۾۷ǿߣȻȻĵʲôˣġ
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úͶԷīһץ

鼮͵ѹһҺҶ챻ѹɢʲôû¡
⡭Ϲû뵽۾ͷԷȻû֣ͣҶ쵱նɱĲͣ£ôĵӡ
δ䣬ͼ俴˹͸ұ죡
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Ƿؼ˵۾⣬ܹʤĳǿߣȻһգ۹ͱնɱһλһλںǳ⣬һ仰˵
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һֱڸ߹ǰλ꣬Ժɾޣô벻̸ЦնɱŮ񻰶˵
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ǡ
Ļλϵŵʦ
ԣϵĵ죬Ļ죬պüԼǵú
Ƴϵݵ쵤ҩƳǰöҩҲûʲôֵˡ
ǰһնɱѲɣҲе۾֪һλ

˳
ĻֳĶôѾ
ǳסϹķϻü˵ָһԼסĵҩ̷˹ģոջУһͻһΣյϢ١
ܰĿռ䣬ʳǵԪգۼĻۣһǿ˾ѹƾճ֡
ǵ۾Ҫ𣿡
ȭͷ۾


2204 ߣ۷壡
ۼʶˣ֮ᣬû˿ֿ
ǰֵǿ󣬸ӻԻͣϵĴһ޷⣬Ҳ⣬ֻһֿܣǾǡ۾ǿ߳ˣ
λӣûеô£ԼɱͰͲס
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Ҳ쵽쳣һɫһ䣬ٲ̧ͷ׷׸ڵء
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۾δԳ֣Ԫһ
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𣡡
֪۾һ֣пܻᱻնɱɫһոѹҶ죬˴ȴδʧ֮ᣬٴη𣬶ǰľ˹ȥ

һҲκζ
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ԷһԶ˷ηûκΰ취
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²ܵ磬ȴʼղҿ϶ΪҪ֪ʱûϵͻأ֣ҰԼס˵۾Ľ
ߣҪʲô
ƺҲɻ󣬹ͣдŲá

һΣһȵŮӣڿУȭվϲˣ۾飡
ȥǱˣߡ
²Ůǰһ񾲣Ĳ񻰣Լɳκ͸ӡ
ò͸ɣʵȴ˷츲صı仯ϸȥȻѾͻƵĸһﵽ۷壡
֮ǰɻΪĻصԸӵô죬ʱ׹ԸȻ˺ܴá
۷ľ顭
ս𸡽֪ǿ˶٣ղŵİҶ죬˿
ŮΪ˾Լڵ۾ǰ棬壬û˿ɣȭͷ
Ҷ㡭ϲ
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ŮΪԼϧ巴ĿΪԼϧ۾⡭Լȴʲôŵһϣû
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һ£ϲ㣡ҴпԿԼϲˡΪһϲˣңֵ𣿡
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ûֵֵֻҪΪ¡ֻҪȫ£˵
վԭأĿռ䱻ȫǰûйı飬ֻвɶҡļ㣺Ǿ㹻ˣ


2205 Ƽ̵۾
Ǻαء̾Ϣ
ƺ֪ǰλŮһ˴ڣֻû뵽λ
ʼĩŵ۾ѾҶ̰ͼĵҩݣżŭ֡ﲻ۾һ棬뿪
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ҲӦһˣնɱҵˣʲôܣԺ죬кۣ֮
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ȻҲ֪ﲻڶԷǣһص棬Э
۾Ҫ𷣡Ըܹһҧ
û뵽Ů˼֣üͷ塣
ߣ˺ҵ飬Լˡ
һΣŮ
һֱǷŮģΪԼѾˣڣôܵ˺
ȻڵʵֻƷ۷壬ںСƼѪҺӵв֮Է뽫ԼնɱҲûôף
οһ֮ᣬԵ۾ܿⲻסһ۵ľֵһᣬӦܹġ
Ǹˡ
֮ǰ¶ͣԼ飬Լе
ˣǷԵ۾ҲѾ˵ˣǰλܹԼ˵Բ
ѹŮء
ϳΪȻ顭һҲ޷˻ʳǵԪֻбٷ֮һܵסȫһ¾ʹաֵסҲֻΪ

۾һס
Է˵ûȷֻǻԪγɵģϾ̺˵۾ǿߵ˵ˣͨ޷ֿ
ѶĽֵסҲϲ
޴˵ߣֱڿУ޷Ҳ޷ؾ鱾塣
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ʼɣ
֪۾ܸģգתޡ
ӵе۾ٷ֮һҲС

һץɳȥٴģһ齣ʩչ˳
˫˿ǧǧᣡ
ΪιۣγТ˼
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нͬʱӽͷųΧγһ޴Ķơ
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ȻصĴںСƼѪҺ۶صˣӦöָܻҪϻԴ죬μӱȡ񹬵ʸ񡭡
ԣܲ˵ģҪܡ
ɣ
ڹ֮ͨᣬҪʱԺͻȻһžͿһͷСƼͻأ֣ӭͳһš

еḻ̌ȥգֻʣһֻ޴ĻƼ紵͵һ㡣

Ƥһ顣
֪СƼ̶ܹʳԼʵǿıô۾ˣ
ܸܲ棿
ˣпһĻˣȫ⸱飺(_)ţ(RڨQ)ϡ
۾γɵľ˵۾ϡ
һֻˡ
ҲǰĻƼš
֪ôĺоͲܳˡ
˲ŵĿУ޴ĻƼ˱ãζһ£С壬ָ˱ģ
һСһͣһδģʲô֮
ˣ
ٴγһɾ޴ѹŸղǸٴγ֡
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̺ɸ߸ϣһŨҵѹȡ
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޳裬СƼô˶֣ȹһءСƼһ¼һǰҫĵ
޳裿СƼ
Ƥһ£㡭֪Լǰݣ
ҵȻ֪СƼһ֮ǰĻٴ˵˳ݺصĳޡаԣ

Ƥٴγһ£ԶĿ⸴ӡ
˵֮ǰֻöԷǸ츳ߣӵֶεļһȻôΪˡ
ԽĹһ飬˳ԽĽ
ڣǽλѱ޳裬ϴ԰㣬ΪԼֻȡ˸ȱ۵֣Ϊ
硭㵽״ˣ
Ȿ¡Ҳ̫˰ɣ


2206 
㵲סһ£ʹգ
Ϊ۾ܳܶԷʲôֶΣϾס˸ղǵȫһ߰ɣ
л
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СƼȻ̵ܹϾ죬Էһ֣ʮҲֵס
ԣܹȫ뿪õĽˡ
ʦ¸м֮ǰΪиָ㣬㹻һǱ֮ˣ
תͷ
λڹؼʱ̣ԼҶ죬ҲǶԷƣֲá
лŵʦ
һ仰˵
֮ǰ䵱ڶԷնɱ۾̵û˼
οԷѾˣȴؼʱ̲ҳϡ
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ԶŮдΡ
Ϊ̫ˣȴʲôΪˡ
֪ȥ˵ͼŮ۾˹ʦҡܸ󣬼ѧϰ𣿡
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ǾͺáһЦͬʻţٴοеľϥһڵأм۾ӿռнҾȳԴҿΪӵڵʵߣһӶ޷𣡡
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͵۾˵ֻҪõϢΣնǰǰԸһ뿪۾Ҫؿ˼ͷ
ͣƬ̣̾ϢһƳݵϵʱҾ֪Ϣ뿪ûиߣû뵽ǵһ
Ļ죬ֳô󶯾Ϊ۾β֪
ֻǵ֪Ϣ󣬻ֱ뿪ʴضû뵽̶̲µĹ򣬶Էֳ˸Ķ
治ʡ͵ĵƣ
治֪ôõĹϲʲô
ȥɡȥ׷ԼҸҲϲλܱ㻹Ҫ㣡

ϲǰλλϲˣȻ̫ȴҲ֪һЩġ
ӿռŮΪ飬磬ˣڶʱڣɾ۷壬ޱǿ
츳Ͳ飬ܹȵϵģûУֻҪһ󣬲ת⡣
л۾ɫһϲԶꡣ
ʦ½֪뿪׷棬û뵽һ硣
ΪҪѺܾʱۣôٴμ档
ߵ˵ͷ䵲ǰľȭ߳ɵ۾ȣϤչˣ飬ܲ
ʲôɱҷҵ𣿡ߵ
˵𣬻
һ˵˵
һŪһղ޳̵ҵһ
Ȼ˵ûʲôʧ氡
ȻǡһЦû۾Ӧã˯߲áʧ߰ɣ
۾ͼݿȱݣһܹһЩ©ġ
λӣǿ󵽼㣬ŵ֮жţҲһȱݣǾǡʧߣ
Ϊﵽ־磬һ겻˯ߣκˣܶǿߣͨ˯ߣģзɵġ
Ͼﵽۣ֮ȻûҲҪƴٲݲߣ˶쳣ǡ
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üͷһ塣
Է˵Ĳȷʧߣζ޷˯ţֻǡԷε֪
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۾ģΪʦȻڲ֪νʱ䣬϶취⣬ҲǱߵĶˡ
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ҵš
Է˵ٶ˵һ´ӿʧδֹһ
߰ɣ˿кߡ
ȻŮԸһ𣬴Σ
ߵ˵ͷ
һΣֱȥ

Ļʳǣһڿеľ޴󹬵ڣһŮӿŷߵˣֶ
⿴òĻᾪȵķ֣͸ղŵľһģһ
죬ӣ
Ϊֱ
̾ϢһߣԸѡǶԵģô㣬ܲϲ㣬ȥϲһļһߣ֪Ǽһ˭һҪúýѵһ١
δ䣬ǰĿռ䶸ȻζһŽɫİͻأ֡
ͫһӼæҳ
죬
ɫ񵥣ͻȻ̸죬󣡡
ϬҪң
һ㶣Υǣ
Ҷ˵һΣʧԭء


2207 Ϭ
һץռ˺ѣȻڽɫ󣬵һ翵Ĵǰ
죬칬
Žա
죬ӣӦǰݼϬ𣡡
ӹȭվԭأһҶ
ŵۣһ޶Ϊ۾ףλƿߣܱȡ
޷磬Уž̡ͬ
Ӵҳ
ԷͷųԼˣŲ˵ﶼûУҪʲô
òƣûλž𰡣
ӣǰϬһ
ͣ˲֪ãûٴε
Դӱȭʱ˰ʱˣһû䣬ǲܣǲҡ
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һγɵķеʱ䣡
ˣ
⣬һӰһ£嵭ţȻֺ񲻴硣
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Ȼɻ֪Է޷ģһüëһһǰ˹
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ǰĿռ䣬ֽŰ˺ѣĿռһڵѷ졣
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Էһ¶ûУһҧκأ˫ȭͬʱ䡣
ȻΪŮӣ츳Ͳȴڰ˵еλһΪҪݱ档
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Ҳ˵һȭ֮£ռ䶼ѳɷĩܳܵס

Ӱһϣ·ûºۼ
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֪һУһѪüķ˳˲ȼգһ̣˵Ϣٴαһ䡣
һ±ȵһǿһֹռȲѣҲûɷ۳Ť
ڰӰϣԷ˿ţ̧ͷ­ڶ𣺡
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̵ɶڿѪ磬ˤڵأɷס
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ѵңҪʵԶԶ
һΣӰһˮڵϡ
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ԡ˵꣬ҪѵϲŮӣͱٻѲɡ
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޳λŮλ
ֻǸͨƷ۷壿
Ժٲһ鷳ǡ
ֻǲ²⣬֪ԲԣҲѯʣһΣ»ص졣
ջصͼһ긾˼Ҵǰ
ϲӣϲӣ
ϲ֮У
ձɱһֱڴǱλȥһ١
ƣϲ
ǰЩӣɽˣһֱڡʱվڸոգﵽ۷壬ͬʱͨ˼⡭
긾æ
ͨˣ
۾Բһϲá
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ˣɽҵģΪ˲֪ٴۣʱͻƣεϫٲϴ
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еһɨգһΣʱվǰ
Ǹͨľӣʵʱ٣ﵽһ򱶡
Ҳ˵ɽλӹڣȻꡣ
꣬ʹӸոͻƵ飬ﵽ۷壬ٶѾƿֲˡ

һʱվڵӰ˳
ŮһЩľһĮ˪ûκα顣
ʱվڵʱ⣬ûκκۼ
һ棬ͬʱɢǿϢҪ˺ѿռ䡣
ֻ۷壬ȴͨķҪǿ
ԡһʾﵽ״̬
ԽԽϲ΢΢һЦĿ⾼ĿдΡ
Ƕﵽ۷壬ܹطŵˡǿԸҵķ


2208 ӣϣ

Ůɡ
ﵽ۷ֻҪܵõ۾ʶţȻһΪ۾֮ǿĴڡ
òţһǿһЩˡ
ӵͷ
Ҷ챻ɱ㽫λãߵģ˭֪Ů޷˵ĸǸ뿪ˡ
ȻԸǰλֻҪɹȻʧһλţȴֶλţ죬Ҳ˿ˡ
ôԸ⣿
Ҫ˶ɣü
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ΪԷʲôЦЦҪҵʲôпˣ
ŮȻŵ˵ͷĿᶨԸķ
Ǿͺá
˿һһɺƴĹâ֣ͬһʱ̣ڵͬʱһ쳹Ժ
ҶΪˣѾݶšӱκ̣λãΪη
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ʮ꣬һ֣ʹһ޴ĵ
֮ǰֻλţΪҶ챻ɱֻʣһλѺ쿹ˣû뵽ӣ̲λ
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ϿɣֻҪϿɣó޷⡣
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ĵͷһȰĿСʦ𣿡
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ֻҪڣ²֪ǿߣԸ£Ϊӡ
Ϊ丶ôˣɲϰʦֻ϶Է
Ǽһã
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ðɣ
˼֣˿ҡΣԴϧǿ֪ϫ
˵һЩľŮͷ
綼ڷ贫ȻһֱչȴҲ֪һЩ
Ϊ츳Ҳܵõ۾ôӣԴʱڽΪ˼
ϫʮһΣŵۣΪ֮񣬷п䡭
˫ֱӵȻ˷ɲǿģɽȻҵǣŵۣҲҵ˺ԼĴˣ£϶ǿΪʦѧ似һսпܳΣգɣ
˵۴λ֣ģǿ˵ǰѾﵽ磬ʵһЩƷ˿սǲѧϰҴڵ似ʤ
˵ľŮͷʦܣ


2209 ӣ£
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λ֣ģѾ쳹죬һΪǿ󵽼㣬ǹÿһʩչһգƷһһ¡
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Ϊɽλǰλţ͹ˣû뵽֣Ҳѧ
ѹֶ˲Ըʦʦȷҫˡ

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һֻ龳ʦãҵλţκԼȣ
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ΪӣȻҪܡ
ʦ͵ɡһǺš֣Ԭεʦܵع⣬Ȼ˻顭ٵ͵϶Ҳܱʱ鷳ΣմˡǰѯʣΪѣҪҲܷģ
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ģ
΢Цŵͷ
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ͨ
һˤڵأױ


2210 ﺮ
һֱ˵ʦ͵ҲˣϾ˶ţȴǰһϢûУ϶ǵ͵ġ
ȴ˵ǵʦ
͵
͵ð
ͨ飿
ͨë߰
ĻŪݵϵ˭֪⵹Ҳˣ죬ҲͼʱĹŪһλԼһλΪ޳裬һλǿΪŮѣþַĸԸں桭
е͵ͨ
ûбߵͨƷ˰ɣ
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ţֺ֪ҵԷú£һֵô£ʲô
ӵλ޳裬һλŮѣ϶£ʵڲСȸŪ棿Ϣñй¶Ȼ֪Ͳˡ
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飬ƿռ䣬˿ռӷ֣Ҵ硣
鱾ȥķ»ʵԽԽǿ̶һµĹ򣬾ʹﵽ۷壬ͨδܹ⡣
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Ÿ辡ܵõԼ洫Ͼϰ̫̣ⲻסҲ⡣
˵ǻһһĵһɸҺһս
Ҳ˵ﺮĿһ˹


2211 Ÿͻ
Ȼսʤ˷Ÿ裬λٽġʦδս˵һҲԲ˳
ԣ꣬һֱȺ⣬ȴԷ
ʤˡ񹬵𣿡˹
ʤȻø㡭ﺮͷ
񹬵ĿģΪ˸۾µĸƷȡ򣬺ó硣
Ѿˣȥȥ򣬶νᣬҲû֮ǰôڴˡ
˵ԷܹʤԼģҲ޷
ʼɣ
˿
ͻƵٶ֣ԴСΪ˹ƽСﺮﵭ
Ʒ۷񣬱֮ԣ۸ˣ滹ҪһЩġ
ˣҡͷ
һͻƵѣòá
üϻǰһѾڷﺮǰһģԺĿǱ
ôǿ
еķﺮܵͫ͵ٲװ˫͵ӭת
أ
ûܵ˿Ӱ죬ֱɫһףŵ滬˳ȥǱ
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ˣȴǿ˲֪ٱ۷ĸǶ֣οԷ
л顭
վﺮȻţȴҲ֪ղŵһУϵԷ飬Ͳֻŵ滬ˡ
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ۣ֮ǰ֪Ʒ۷徳磬ʹ˲֪ãŻ۵ۻ롣
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ͻƣﵽƷ۷壬ܹʮʱﺮץ񣺡Ҳ˵ֵΪǡͻҪظϿɣҪԿռİգﵽͿԣѲ׿ɵġ
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Ÿͷ۾Ź⡣
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˵꣬֡ȡһöҩŸУͬʱһץŶԷѨӿڡ
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ﺮһ˲䣬оԼֵۡ۶߸ˡ
ͻ桭ô򵥵
ô򵥣Լǰʲôȥˣ


2212 ͻ
ŸȻΪ꣬ȴõ˼õĶ
Ӽţϳȥ䣬ůѾޱȼͣˣϵܷӳЧɹ
ˣû־ҪɹеҩҲûôס
ȻΪµĻɫڳˢãͻƣҲм
˲֪ãŸڹΪ۾ٴιڵأлʦȫ
ʦѾĴˣȴˣǶԷ
ÿͷоһ£ʵˣ
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ǰȷп
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ܵʵʵĻһǰĿռ̳ƺʱ˺ѡ

۾Բ
֮ǰսʵҲô£ͻƣףƷ֮һȣȫ
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ͻƵ۷壬츳ͨĲԣɾ͸ߡ
ڴĿڴ֮ǰûȤһļ


2213 Էʸ
ҡҡͷҴСɢˣ£ʵ޷Ρ
ԴΪ˽񹬵ģʲô϶Ը⡣
û뵽ƴǣһ£ѯʣͼǰ꣬ɻĿղ˵ͨԡҪԣ
ΪΪѫߣ⣬ʵˣвԵĻԲԡ
νķţǵ۾Բ⣬ƿһһԸЩԸǵ˼쳣ӣҪƿأҪüͺǿҲ˵ͶҪﵽ۷ǿߣȻΪϵġ
͡
ƿһͨ˻кܶ࣬ÿ˵뷨ͬԸȻҲŸУҪõãа
겻ǿĻҡ
ԣ÷ţǿ
ǰλΪƷ۷壬ȴѾﵽ۷壬ƾ㣬ԺͻƵӵаٷ֮ʮϵĸʣ
ǻһ壬ʢ񣬾Ϊһλ棬ٳһλĻ룬Դһһ壬ʵ飡
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̬ȼ֪Ȱãֻ˶ΣҪ⣬һͷʯˣһƹڴ󣬶רŲ硭һ£
ϫһԼ߷һЩǰλ죬ܻûﵽ磬ֻҪܼһʱ䣬Ǽ壬˵壬ṩԴͻƣ
һɹԴһλǿ߲˵Ҫǻһ壬ǿ
ɡ
ղźͷﺮģõպҪȥ񹬣һ£
ðɡ
ԼͷﺮԷˣһֱûȰ裬ҲΪ˸һȡ
һ£Ҳ޷Ҫȥ񹬡
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ʱ⣬Ѿվˡ
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Դۣ˵Ѿﵽ۷壿
ǰһλһļǰĿдŲá
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ӦǼķﺮ񹬸ڱ滻ټ϶Էһ¶һλһλ۷塭˭᲻ˡ
һԴ۵ͷ
ﺮѩ̧ͷȻеɲ⣬޷ƣȴҲ÷ʼ԰ɣǰ˵ãʮΣգв걻ѹ˲ᡣ
ţԴ۵ͷĴεĿģֻΪ˲ԣӵгǱʣõԴͻơһֲס˻أǧҪӲš
ͷɻβԣ
ǰǸʯ񣬺Դͼͨʯȼͼܹһţ˵ӵǱٿţ˵ӵгΪʡ
Դǰһָ
ȥȻ⣬һ޴ķʯ񣬴ԭأһӾ޴ͼ
ԶԶȥһͷ޴ķˣգ䡢Զ
ͼϣҫ
ٿţгΪʸ񡭡ǲ̫Щ
ż򵥣ʯ̺۾µӣ⵽ѹƣҪͨǧѲ˵ʣȼͼɡҺλҲԹաһǶû
ƺ뷨ԴһЦ
Ŷͷ
ҲԣôͨˣҲԴ죬ֻλˡ
ãûʲôģܿʯǰֱ˹ȥ
ĺ͵һӴȻеһŨѹȸӶ
üëһոսӡ
¡
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ѹʵ̫ˣոͻƣҪȥҲûôף˵ǲɵ
԰ɣ
ѾˣɣҲҪһԡ
֮ǷţҪͿʦһΪ۾رҪȻˣҲûʲôӱܵġ
۳˿ǰķӹȥ
ţԡ
һᣬ̲˲Ծ
ΪѹȸôǿԽǰԽߣ˵޷ǰ˭֪Խ˿ԽһϤУͺԷϢԼʮ׽һ㡣
ܿͨ˵ѹȣͼǰ
һһ˹ȥ

Ǵ˿أǳһɲǼ䣬ȿֺ󣬴Ź
ˡô򵥵𣿡
ס


2214 ۾
˵һöѵ
ôֻһ£ɶûǳȫˣ
㶣λʹ۾¿ˡ
һٿǣ˵ӵл÷ŵȫ񲻱ǰλʸ˵ʲô
ô
Դۺͷﺮѩ˲š
ȫҪǣٶ̫ˡ
ź͵Ӵʮͱ
λ棬ķҲɣ
ѵͼˣ
ﺮѩ̲ס
۾Уôܻ
Դҡͷ
Դͼڣӵв۾µ޿ܣ
Ҳ˵ǰλƾʵͨ˿ˣ
𾪵˵Ҳ֣̲סٴοǰķ˵
ղֻעѹȸˣʱϸ۲죬ȻһϤ֮Уͺǰͼһ
ǡСƼϢ
ʲôȭͷһ
ϢǱģ޳СƼеġ
Ѳɣ֮ǰĲ²ǶԵġһԴλ۾
뵽⣬һȥ
Сˣʶʶ

СƼ֣ǰĵͷ˳ãֹһ䣺ö
͵һԾ

һھͽȥ
㡭ʲô
Դ۵ˣȫһ
Դͼڣһֻˡ
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㽫˼ˡ
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ѵתͷȻһŭգҪը
Դͼڱ̣ϣݺݴһƣ˭ܲˣ
Ѽ

ͬʱȣҪ֡
ڵûüͷųһһζ
񹬣ʧȥ˷˵ʧȥ󷨵࣬ɢƲ㶼˺ѳһһ顣
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䣡
Ρ񹬣˵һ˲䵹˴룬ƺʱӿ׹䡣
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ᡣ
֮ǰʦ½ȥĲģ˳ƺŲ𡭡ȻЩƣȴЩСС֣˴š
ڣûأͰ˼ҼҸˡ
ſڣԷûţһڰѶԷըƽôദ
ôġ
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ƣȴһγһϣסĽ
סУֻһ򲻿ף۾̹סΪǺãȻһˣԴֵҪ컹Ҫ󡭡
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ͬʱȣڿзҪСƼڣҵĺĻ˶ͬʱը
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Щ»صϿգλ
һ£ʲô£
վǰĻߵ
棬ģλҼһšԴۼæ͡
аʹﵽ۷壬ˣȼͼԼͻȻСƼ۾̵˵һ顣
ȼͼ
ţȫһ𣬿˲˼顣
ǵҲ㡣
ҡȭæͣСƼ޳裬ǹ̵۾񣬻¡
̵۾ǶԵ۾󲻾ƻ󷨣ǶԴƣ
һͷСƼĿĮ
Ȼɵ۾񣬲ΪϾ޳ҲҪͬܵͷҲ䡣
ְɣ
λţλû˵ͬʱƣһ˲ۣؿҪ
Ҫɱң˭ĵӣ
ʱһף˷
ĿУȵСƼһΣǰһͷ˵ľ޴Ӱ죬硣
۾
ͫһͬʱڵء


2215 С
ƼǰӰϿգǰԵʮС
ǡ۾
ȫһͫӣСƼ
Ȼ֮ǰ˲²⣬ۼ𺳵ѡ
ѹֻǺ«ʱ򣬾һֱ˵ԼݺޣʱΪţζ벻Ǿŵ֮һ
ѹ֣ϲԽݿճǣϤ˥֮һöûУ˰졭ĳǣ
һλ۾Ϊ޳衭
ԡ𾪣һ뷨ð˳һСƼǲ۾µԺΪǰӰӣԲǣԸ⡭Σա
䲻֪۾Ϊ󣬻¸СƼǼʲô֪
ͺʧ䣬ֻᣬԼΪ޳衭ôѣòֱӱ߰ɣ
ڵģ漴о޴ķˣתͷ˹ûй޴ѹͬرѹ
ܵѹոս꣬Ȼû˿ֿ鲻ԽĲͣҪѹķ顣

ȫڣѹļһٴͦñֱ
ҲųƲɻɢɣֻܹʱƣٴԡˣ
еķӰû˿飬ĮΪұӡ䣬ֱΪﵽ¿㾹Ȼûмʱ䣬ѱΪ޳裬񼫡Ҳ۾ҪˣҲûˣ
䣡
һһ䣬еԽԽأܵĿռ
оǱһɽ񱩵ѹļ׵ٴʱֲס
۾һŭضܲס
˾Ȼõ۾¸ĿյѱΪ޳裿
Ҳ̫˰ɣôģ
ǰ۾ûָҲ̺֮Ϊ޳裬·ɣ
ﺮѩˣȫɪɪ
ҲŵĿԶꡣ
ŵۣÿһվ۷壬ҲڣѪͨ˿ԵģǰλжȱۣΪ޳裿
ؼǡ۾־ָöȱۣôӦˣ
֪ǵ۾ìܣҲ廰һտڲԡ
СƼǲ۾ˣ˭ܶ
䣡
оܲסʱ漴ӰĻƼͣĿдžȻ
㡭һ㶣ٹ˲ѹӵĿǰļ
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þŵ֮һһΪֱۡ
һɱˡ
ǣסƼ˺һ
ͬʱͷһΣڡ
۾Υ
ҡСƼҧ۾졣
ûѼ䣬Ȼܵ۾İԷԼնɱ
ͬͬԴȻֻһҲܹ˵ġ
ӰߣСƼһ˲䱻ס޷
Ƽǲ۾µ־벻۾ͬͬԴ֪һֶܺΣסѡ
ŽԼΧţɫȻĿ˭Ϊ޳裬ǵ۾£ȰòҪͣȻɱңƼָ۷ʵӦ֪
⡭
ͣ
Է˵û
ǵĲ۾ɣʵֻڵڵһˣĥ
Ƽ¸ĵ۾
潫ɱˣһ»¡ԼˣȻᱻնɱ
˺ˣĸҪ˭ס
㶯֡
Ӱͣ£Ȼŭһһָ䣬ûϱΪ
ٴüë
Ǻ͵۾ദ֪꣬ԷƢͱԣ߸ôˣôܻһƷΪ
ȥЦ
䣡
գ۹Χγ֣ڣ޷ѡ
Ҫ֣۾
СƼס޷뿪ֻܿԼˡ
۷壬Ϊûͻƣţвο滹
ֻܼʹ֮ˡ
۾һ
û취ֻ֮ܶᣬ취һ齫ȫ
ֻǡ
ռλԼڣ֮ĻԼҲᱻУΣա
ǡˣվͬһҲ̫Զ
˻
˼β㣬һâһΣܹȥ·Ҳ˺ظö׹¶ǰ
ˣ
һ׹ȡ
еķ˿׹ѹСƼľٶʱͣ͵һǰСˡ


2216 أϬ

ڹĴţȫˣе֪ùͣ¡
۾Ǹ˵Ҫһɱ
һܹС衱װɵȡ
ôоôԾأ
ѾǸ䣬мĵ۾
ûãһǳ𣬷ӰŭĿ˹ͣ£˶֣һ֪֣֡ܲܺƽ⣿ɢĵǣûйģ컹Ҫϰģ
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һζγɵĹɢڿУδֹһ㡣
ţҪˡ
òǻƼѾ˰ɣ
⸱飬СƼԼҲԭء
˵Լˣ޲ʬΣһգ۾⸱̬ȣĲٹ
۾ҪҪôƣ
ѵ۾Ƣͱԣ
һСƼĲףüë
ƼǶԷӦúͶԷƢ޼˵Ļλ۾ֲҪԸҲܹˡ
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ǣΪθղŲͻȻˣ
ѵ͡׹йأ
Է̬ȱ仯Ϊ׹֣ɢȡ
òᣬԷʶⶫɡ
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һ㶣ƺЩ⡣
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Ϭ𣿡һ㶣ͻȻ𵱳ʦ½Լαװģαװ֣òơǽϬ
Լĵ˵ϵرǺģϬһͨ
ԣϬģ
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⸱ģͻȻһ£λݴۣһԲ֮ҹҪʼˡ
Ȼֻǽڷ˵ڵһ緢飬֪һЩġ
۾ȶ
Բ֮ҹ󣿡
ͫһһ
ȶ磬˵ˣʱãʦ϶ʤ⣬ڲ֪Ҫ͡رȣ
һ
񲻱ֻҪսȻһ䣿
ǣ۾֮ıȶǲǣģλȴ־ݣ϶ԭ򣬼ң
Ӱ͵
Ҫȥ죬ֹǡ
ҧ彩ֱ
أΨһİˣʦȻû棬ȴ൱ҵʦаûжԷҲܳɳô죬ﵽʵ
ˣ˵̫Ҫˣһ£
ֹǶ˾˭ֹˣ
Ӱתͷ˿ԶСƼҡҡͷȫʢڣǶ֣οڡ
ͣ¡
ǵ۾ԼĻ졢ֳô󶯾϶֪ȴûֹ
˵ԷԼ
Ϊʲô
пܺδսйء
ֻǡ
ΪʲôҪ
أʦ½ĿģΪѰҴ䡭ⶫǿʦѱѪƳģںȫʵ
ʦ½ĿģȻû˵ס
õֱƿռȥҲףΪⶫ
֮ǰһֱɻõ۾Ϊλʦ½СطһģڲףΪ׼Ϳʦľ
ΪʲôҪɱʦ
ͷԷΣ˶Ҫըˡ
۾Ҳбԣʦս˵ۣ㵽Ϊֹ˵ۣҲúúõġ
Ϊκһԣͱֳ
Ȱ費ˣҲҪȥ׵׷ʲô
ҧ
۾֮ıԣڵʵȷֲãΣ
۶ѣҪȥһΣ㲻ɹҲҪףΪҪȶֵǣʲô
ΪʲôҪݣ


2217 
ˣȥȰ軹ֹҪʵûе۾ʵʲôӵг˵Ǵ򣬿϶Ҳ㳬ҲҪе۾лȨ
뷨еĲ۾
ǰҪʵУʵҪԷͷ
ûʵһжȻ
̫ˣ
綼һˣﵽ۷塭
ʱﵽ˵۾ľ磬ʦսǲǾֹ
̫ˡ
˿̣Ĺûܹͻƣ
еһ
˵ʵʱͻƵ۾ףҪָûôѡ۾ЦЦ
۾һ
ڣͻƵ۾磬ûκοܡ
Ƽָʵ±ɲ۾ȲϿʦأԼȥǣӦòѡ
ʮǰҵȫ˻ԴǣҲ׹䣬ų˳µǸӣܹҵĳУȫջ»ָ䣬ָ۷ʵ̫ѣ
۾
һ
԰
ֻҪҵǣɢȡӦܹûƼ׻ָ
׹ĳУµĲϲԵݿճǣ
ֻǣϲԺ磬ϣλȥôܻȥ
Ϊ۾Ϭν½磬Ӧ֪һЩɣ̲סʵ
Ҳ֪ҵܱ󲿷ʱ䶼ڳ˯ֻ֪ǰϬҽ˴ݵĴӡӰ룬
ӡü
ÿһλ۾ƿһأ䲼Ҫʹôӡⶫ˼һϵȨ
ݵĴӡԴϵĶ
ֳִӡ͵ڴԴ죬񡭡۾
⡭
һ᲻ĴӡðŽϲԵļ룬½磿
ϲԵĶ˵ǰǧ꣬ûѶһǰͻȻϵԷ룬漴С
£гʲô͸ղŲ۾ĻЩˡ
ѵؽ˴ӡͨϲԵĶ𰣬˳½磿
ҲˣűΪ
ңԼأǲشǡ֮ǰһֱΪѣڿˡ
ԷȷֻǽĴӡýнĴͶѣ
֮ǰ²⣬ˣ᲻Դˣ׹½磬½ĴֲڵȾΪԽԽͣɱԣڿӦò
Դǣʮǰܱʣ׹ϲԣγݿ֮ǣһǹġһ֣˺ѵĿռѷ֮Уʦ½ˡ
ˣǹ壬м̳ܹͻƽ򣬽йͨ
ҲܹͣΪСƼǵ۾תȴΪεʦ½
ǿʦ巢֣ӡʥӵĸ߹۲ͼҵࡣ
ʮǰϲǧǰʦ½ǰʱȫܹӦϣ
µĲӡͻƽĹؼ
뵽⣬̧ͷĴӡںδءϬ˿ɷ㣿
˲ãͻˣ⣡
һ޴һţһƴСԲ̣ƾճ֡
ԲڿУԴƺһ˲䱻ǣ
˵ƿһĻƣԴ죡
ǵ򣬻ա
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Ҫã޲ɣ۾ЦЦצһƿ˹ġ
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ͨȫͬԲΣķģϸȥ˼̳С棡
Щģ֮ǰãҲ˺˽⣬νģԴĵͼͼ
ںһγơ
ԭˣϲԣϲԼ磬ʵǼԴ죡
Դ죬ûԴĽͼûǿͼٴοҲ϶벻ס
ԣܹܲͨϲԣ
³һѹסеĺ˼룬һڵǰĴӡȥ
ˣ
Բεƣâҫ类
һɬӿ˵֮ǰʹõԡ
ǰѾרѧ
ǡ۾Ĳ
ɫء
ԣΪԴ˵۾۷Ĵڣ֪һЩġ
Ǳģǲ۾óģ
ơ


2218 
ԲƬ̣â
üͷ
ּ֮ղ²⣬ӦܺͶ˵ļ̳֪ͨΪΣʼϵϣһӦûС
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أҲΪ˳ϲԣһصʦ½
ȥ
СƼͷ֮ǰ̵ĵ˳
۾½
һڣѾʮҲֲ˶೤ʱˡ
۾ټ֮СƼҲˣҶ˵ֻù뿪
һ·УԴʳ·ӣͼ߸
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ͷ
ܽϲԣػʦ½ȥ༰ˣҲӦԷ飬ûʳԶʡ
һұϵͨ£˴ʱ֮ǰŤռٴγǰ
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һεľ飬СƼһС
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Ϊ飬ͶԿռУټΪﵽ۷壬㣬ѡ
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ϴκͷŸʱֻƷȻﵽ۷壬ټֳԴĴӡ
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۾ģռжϵģĿռŤҪŤķʽ۲硭߽ռϸһ顣
Ϊ飬Կռ⼫죬ŽвãѾеİء
˵ķȥƬ̺Ȼоǰĳָ
ռŤͬеĲеĲСУ޷ǰ̫Ӧǰָȥ
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ΪӦռŤһʱǰ룬Ȼף
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üѯʣҪôͼŮһΣһԲľ顣
Բһ֣һͷųŤĿռ䣬ʱǱˮճסٲ
ߣ
Ů
СƼ󣬿ǰӡ
оȹ̿ռ䣬һһٶȼ죬ʱѾ˲֪һɫϳǰ
ϸǰһȦȦɫͣʣѹȵ޷

±ߵģɫףȻղŵһ·Уļ
ȡһöƷԪݹȥָָ˰ʱɫ»ָ
鱾άֿռȶһ·ֻĹ󣬲δ˵
ЩЩŹ֡
ָ߿ǰɫ
ЩŹ֡ͷ
Щ֮ǰŸսڵȫһ֮ǰΪ٣û뵽γһ޴ϣǰ
ǰָ˹ȥ
ҪĶɫһ䣬δ䣬ͼŮɫٴαɷס
ǰĻɫܹһ㣬һգ۹򣬾Ϊ۷壬µ䣬̶̼ʱ䣬ڣûֹͣڲͣ٣


2219 ϣ
ҪֿЩɫ
зŸľ֪Щɫڵüëһǰָ
ֵסοЩԽݣĵҲԽ졣
ָʣžڣ֮ǰĻɫܿ챻ӡס
̷һЩҩתγһЩעŮڡ
һ˸ɫܿ챻ĥɾ
ûɣ߻ָʵɫɷףǽٺľ֡
Ӧ죬ЩɫܽΪɸɾ궼ʴĲҿơ
ŪûԴһձˡ
Ÿ裬Ťռ仹һξ룬ûϳ壬˿̻ɫγϣŨȱսڵģ߳ٱǧֹȻӿ¡
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СƼֱ׳
һ޳ܵĲᣬһƳ鷭˵ġ
죬ҲҪʮ»̥Ҫʱ丧ᡭԼȲôʱ䡣


2220 £
˵ľġǲǵʱģԻһΰֻҪúʵĻ˵ˣ㺢ӳˣҲᵢ̫ʱ䡭
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ͻأڿУſȥ
ҩڼۣתһ֮ǰտĺ
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溣ϣҲٳܲסֱӴ򿪡
ϵϢҲһ㣬͵ԾУʵɱ䡣
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Ȼͻ磬ȴҲֻǳڣǵ̫֮ǰʵ̫ˣҪҲߣҪﵽ۷壬־ĵҩ¶Ҫöɡ
һöܰտĺ󣬲ҳɹȻҩۻˣ
ʣµöϵҵЧܴ󣬷øĸǿͻƣȲˡ
΢΢һЦ
ָУʣöϵ˿ȥΪһӰ죬ȴҲ̫ڶδܹͻƣĸǿ˾Ͳһˣ
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ͷڿȥ
ͻڵΧø֮ǰ֮һȣֱǾţһë
߰ɣ
ΪͻƣٲõģǰĻɫ΢΢һЦָ⣬һ
תΧγһϡ
飬粻ֹײ
г˲ᡣ
ΪٸΣ׬ٶΣ
ĸһȥ㣬Ѿˡ
ԶҪʱӵеģȴϧ

СƼ߽뽣ϣһֱǰĻɫ˹ȥ
׷ըǱơ
˰ʱʧͣ
ǰ·Ѿû˾ͷǿռ򱻷ס
ܲϵϲԡ
żٴνӡȡһһݹȥ
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۾Ź⣬΢΢һЦ
ȻԹͨϲԣӦ𰴫ݹѶϢ
ö롭
֪Щڲ˵һ֣˹ȥ
ϲԡһˣ


2221 ػϲ
ʱ䲻ӡϳһ·һ˽ٻ
ϲ֮䣬ſռԭϲԼ룬Ǵͣȷ㣬˲ʧ
Ȼ
ΪԷ룬Լ˾ͿԽֱӴ͵ϲԣڿûôס
ĴͣԴĴӡͬ
ҲУٲԶ
˿ٴνХڽϴ̳һͬʱһڣһ̤˽ȥ
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еģҪλ÷ӣȴ֣߲
ռˮһַУʻ״̬һǰǵ۾ɣοֻ
ӵгԽ˵ǰˣһУͻᱻ˺ƬǶʣ¡
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ŮǰһٴһΣ±ɾ飬һ£ƿռ䣬˳ȥ
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治֪ߵ壬Ǻѹܹ磬̶һ¾ʹﵽ۷壬û˿ϡ
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˵ͷǹӣһᣬͻȻһ㶣ɶͺزز
һӰߣʦ½ʶɶͺززˡ


2222 źױ
ʱĶˣȫһɫ·վڹ·֮ϡ

ͬʱˣһӣɫӰϼͣ
ڱԣ
Ҳ˶Է۾һ
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д裡ʮŬʮ춼ȻҲôʱ䣬ӵǿ
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κ˵ΪһͣҲѪŬοˡ
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ð׷ѹˣû֮޷ͻαԶ벻磡
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ǰͻƲˣ
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ҵ˼ҪͻƣֱӽȥΣգٻһ˿ϣһֱţˡ

ˡ
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ϲԣϲԺʦ½Ŭһ£Դأһ룬˵˵ٱʱ䣬ܽеһж
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αҲֻгԽǧˣٳˡ
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֪ɶͷ
ǻԥʲôҵˣﵽα۷壬޷ͻƵߣΪ֮ƣֻ취磬ΣգҲҪðһԣɹһ֮

ͬ⡭ɶͷ
ɶŹ˵磬ﵽ龳磬һᣬ򣬱ɡ˵̸һĺززü
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ˣ׷ĽŲҲû壡ɶȭͷ
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ðɣҲӦһ𡭡˵ʵǸһȷززҲ΢΢һЦ
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֮ǰһĻĻǰȻûͶԷйľһһȴͬӡԺþ޷ȥ
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ˣ
أ˵ͷ˵

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ǡܿ


2223 ۾ع
˵ݿ֮ǣǰ˥ܵĳУɻĿǰꡣ
УȫǷ棬ûһϢ󣬾Դʳǡ
ϲԵĿģΪ˼ͼ˵ģͣ
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Ҳֻһѣʧȥ˶־
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ʱҺ֮ǰûκζĹ˻ζ
ΰĽһѺۡ

ǽڱæȥ漴̳ķУһֻ޴ķ˰Ȼ֧һء
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Ǵۣ
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СƼǰĲ۾ǿˡ
ðһ뷨΢΢һЦ
СƼÿøǿ᲻Ҳˣ
Ҫֹ˵ıȶĿɣ


2224 е
֪˶ãѹȸʧٴοǰ漴һǰ
ʮģݣЩͺ֮ǰʱһֻٲǼͷģ
ûӢЩɬƾòȫ󲻵ǰλȻԴƿߣ۷ǿ֮һ
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ˡɬһЦ
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µĻָ䣬СƼʵڣԷǸʦ½͸󽾰ƨСһ
ˣҸոջָҪһΪȻ磬ҹ̺Ϊȥ㣬ᵢ顣

ͷ
͵۾ǿߵĽ棬ȻҪó״̬УȻ뱻Է˵ԼҲ
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ЩػҾͻָ
ٴοԶãһЦָһ㣬һѪҺ̷˹ȥ档
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һ˲䣬Ѫһķܻ֮Уһͷ޴ķˣ
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۷弶ػټϱѾָ֪СƼ϶ûΣգٴкߣƿռ䣬»صϲԡ
ӵ͵ߵ磬ȻҪ׵Ķ࣬𽥽ΪܿͱϲԵѹռ
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һԴ졢졢ϲԵܣصĻ죬պý֮ǰƵķϵĸǿȥҲͻϣӵԱ
ΪﵽѾվ۷壬Ϣסûκע⡣
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Ҳش국һЦ
֪ԷҪ֣ڵʵ϶޷赲Ҳ˵ǰ
ߣǰһϲˮ˹
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Ƭ̺󣬷²豭ɷĽʩչҿ
üëһ塣
Էǽĵ۾ѵֻΪ˿ԼĽ
пܣ
ĽʵԵ۾˵ʲôȴʵʵĳԽԽֻأ۷Ľ֮һ
ԷΪ罣ǿߣҪһ£֡
뵽⣬˿


2225 
뿴϶ûж⡣
ɳ֮ˣͨ˼ûôƣҲûôɱɿ
Щû̫ɣվһġ
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һ֣üëٴһ¡
ղٶô죬ҲͶԷôȻռϣɲˡ
λߣ㲻ǵ۾ΪҲһķǿ֪٣ԼԶǶ֡
֪ǰûж⣬ȥЩսһɲǼ䣬˽⾳·һȻصĳ

ˡ
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ųڿУܵĿռͳһѺۣе鲻Խƣݵڵء
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ûûǿ飬Ҳûκβʣһ־ͳֱһֱ۵졣
ǿıƵһ̣ѾԼĶ
֮ǰѹҲ˲ʧʵ޻ͨһȼΪˣ֪̺Ŀֲ
ٴʩչ齣Ļ۵Ĵֿܵס飡
имٴΰݵʲôǰ꣬ĿдΣ֪ɷһµ۾Ľ
ԷָԼĽܹۿһ¶Էģ


2226 Ľ
겢δش𣬶תָһ

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һɲǼ䣬о˵ľ񣬱޶ס˿һȻ⵽һ
ԷĽû̫ȴһǰƣ񱳺Ǽ԰ˣ˿
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ɫһ䣬֪ٲУ϶ᱻԷĽâУһתǿġ粻ֹʩչ
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ûкˣǰ粽ϵĶЩӲȴһǰĽһ˲һ
أ
콣˳ȥײһϡ
ɫס

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˵꣬ߵӰͬʱ䵭һ̣Ѿʧԭأʧȥټ
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Ϊͬ޷ʤԷ
ǣغͿʦľһλǿĵ۾޷޷ģ
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ΪʲôҪ
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ʦ֮֮ʦ˳ݡ
ˣмĶ飬ΪηҪַҪһ
ÿˣҪܣԼ߱˴ǺԷĻ顣

֪Ǻãĸ׵ģ́ͷЦЦû¡ˣǵΪˣ
˹㹻ҩʱ䣬Һ㸸ףѾﵽƷ۷塭
νʥ΢΢һЦչ¶
˵һ˵ΪȻﵽƷ۷壬ûͻ֮ǰԼ޶
⡭գ۾š
죬ΪԸ٣ټ鹦ôͬ죿
ǿ˲Դ֪֣νʥ͡
ϵݵγ˹ģÿ춼սǿƿʲƸټȫ֧֣һЩƷҩѡ
򹦷Դټ϶˵츳ͽ®ָ㣬ôﵽƷ۷壬ֵóԾ
ðɣϵһöÿһһоΪﵽͿ̷ȥͻ硭
𾪹׼õĵҩ˹ȥ
ⶫΪ˸ͻģȻΪѾҪﵽҲûʲôɱˡ
ǿںȥ죬үͷˣȥ죬˳ҸƧĵطΪͻƣһΪȥ®Ҹղλ
һԼĴŲƴƵ˹ȥ
ڶԽΪŲƴҲ˺ֺˣƲĸˣȥ졣
Լ뿪Ļ죬⵽˹ݵ֮ջͬգǣĸ˵İȫС
Щø˽ʥ
϶ĽͨҲһսͲ̫ˡ
ȥɣ
͵ĿŴ뿪Ŵߣ󷨡
أʦսΣҪֹ
¡Ϊ֮


2227 
ĵ۶ʳһ䱸ɭϣǹ򣬶޽һ޴ɽ֮УûгǽûӣԵЩɢ
䳡ϰ˸ˡ޳裬͵ҩļϣ̲˵߹ޡ
Уоģһֻ֮С
죬ңڣҪعأҲûйأ
һǰУһ߸п
֮УͬȻûأȴû˸ҺȻûӣûػǿߣ죬ȴ˿档
ңڡ
ңʧء
ͷ
ȷطȫͬߣҪ죬ʣһƻʣ⵽˵ķԡ
ԣûȷĹأȴԼһ޶ķʽ֮ۡ
ʣǿ֪Ϭʲôطס
˸УλΪﵽƷ۷弶ʵ
˼ңϬɽС˸ܵǿϢָ˷
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תͷȥȻһ翵ɽߣ紣ߡ
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ɽ忴Զȴ֪ΪΣηУ벻䣬˰ʱɺ֮ǰһԶԶ޷
ͺ̫ķɳۣٿԶпģôô˿ı䡣
̧ͣͷݹȥأ֪϶֪ˣҪ㣡
Զɽȴʼշɲ룬϶ǶԷʩչֶΡ
ȻˣǾͿżɽô鷳ˡ

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ʦãȻǿʦµĲҵȻϵҵԷȻҵ
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ܲʦ½ôɭϣȴҲ˳ΣطԱġ
𣿡
һܣ̬ȣҪѯͬ޴߿
Ȼѯʣ϶ҪҶԷɡ
ô鷳ˡ
˰֣һǰһͻأ𣺡ǰսʦһ


2228 ż
ս߹ݰɡ
ʦ߹ݣ
ȵȣ˵ĸѵǡݵλ
ģһλ
˵λǰ죬սҶˡ

һȻ
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ͷںȥ
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ΪҪһƵöԷȥңû뵽һ棬Է˵⻰
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֮ǰ붼롣
ˡɫһ졣
ܹ֮ô죬ʵ̤ſʦ㼣
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˵׻ˣ⣬ף
ʦǲڵҺϬ۵սҪȰ裿
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˷ѹˣֱԡ޿ɱ⣬Ҳû취⣡ұⲻˣҲͬ
ʦҡͷ
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Ѳν޷⣬޷ֹ֮
ҲܽͣΪԼŮȤΨأһ飬ҶԷΪ֪Լͼˣ
֮иӦǸɡ


2229 ֮
һ֮
ƺ뷨ʦ̾Ϣû취⣬Ҳܱ⣡´ƣ־ñغϣϾñط֣ǱȻûܹѣҲ޷ѡӮˣΪµƿߣˣɢһжɢ
֮ɫ԰ףҺ
˵ģԺͬԼս
ͬ
ѹԼϲʱԸ⣬ƴǣΪĳıܵӣڿ¡
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Ϳʦ˵˫ᣬΪΪ˽Ϊεɱ
ռʱԼֵ۾½϶ѣûʲô飬ɱܹøȸˣ϶ȥɣ
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οⲻΪԼΪ
ɱ㣿
ʦ˹Ŀһ̾Ϣһɱ㣬ܾȲٴҶԸٴʹ࣬ҲܿϧУ٣ڻУ


2230 Բ֮ҹ
Ϊʲô
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ͬӵѲԼı˵Ķ䱻᣿
㻹ûﵽ۾磡һǺһĵ۾ʦֻӵʵ̺㳹׳ɳ򣬼ȡһǿһҲںϣὫɣյʧ⣡
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2231 ֮
ʦ۾֮սǿûﵽ־磬óȻȥױܵ˺
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иղλţӦòõġһЦ
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æԨʥ˵һ룬ͫ׶ȻѵҲǵ۾۾
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Ԩʥüǲ⣺ǰ۾Ҳδع򡭡
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СƼûнͣǿڵ
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ûִһһѺۣϱû˿ĳ£øưܲ
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һᣬ֪ĿǰԼûͼݣ̲סǰСƼȥ


2232 Լ
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ʲôֵģ
⡣
Ȼ˿϶þȫݣΪΡСƼƺЩţ
ֻ̽ԵֶΡȻѰᣡ
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ҿ磬𶯣Ļʳľ޴Упܵû飬޷ѡ
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СƼҡҡͷʵܽһЩǶ˱ȣɲ˲֪ԶϬݴۣ磬۷ڣ۾Աġ
̾Ϣ
Ȼ֪ϣܹ漣ڿ漣ȷûô׳֡
Ҳ˵ƼʵˣΣ
˵ս޷ֹӲȥп⡣

ճһâеأȡ˳
ĽһϤζһۣüͷ
Ȼͽ®λʩչһЩƣɣڣԺƮݡ
תͷ߿ȥͼûһޱ顣
أҲõ®λָ㡭
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®λĵ׺ʵԼΪͣûȷиͬԼԶǶ֣ƾ㣬غͿʦܶ˿
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صĽУػռ˽ӽųɣû˿ȴڣ֮ìܣܱѹƵʮСͬսУճΪĵ
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ʦ½һ·κ飬ػԼػˣ˺δҪػ¡
ģػǡԼ


2233 
ԼܸõչʾԼ
һ·һֱװƣδй
żһΣҲֻΪ˸õչʾԼѡ
һֱǸ͵̤ʵءʵʵˡ
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˵ǧǧᡢγТ˼ɻҺͷ粻ֹŲ࣬˿̰ľģøѤһǰͰȻ
ҪػԼܳΪū
ͺˣ׬ǮҺǶԵģܱ󣬵Ϊ
ҪֱǰԼ
ԼʵˣˣҪػģȻܹػ
ûһˡ
ʲôþģ
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۷ǿߵսܹսǿߣһѻȸҳ
ǿ
СƼҲζһ£ǲ˼飺̶ʮ꣬ͽΪֵزλݴۣȻеš
˲֪꣬һΣͶԷȣһأ˵˵츳
Ѿﵽ˵˾ĵز
п꣬ߵ̲꣬סٴҡͷ
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̶ʮ꣬ӵʵȷһһУƽ⣬ƽⲻˣ
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ģصͷҪˣҲϣԼ
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æʦȥϣܶ⽣ƽ֮漴ǵûֵеĹȷ

һҪȥ;üһСƼס
ʷеڵںһʷбɱʵУҲ޷ѡȱݺ©û취ȡ
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һжһ˲ɣ˽սĹâŰ񱩵޷ɢվۼƣ̣¡
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ʮž սƪ ͼ


2234 ϣ
ſʦڵõƺҲš
λݴۣ磬˾ޣ۾Ϊ֮̾Ϊľȫ޷˺ֺû뵽ɱˡ
ǶԷǿΪΡնɱôף
һ֣űɱĴ
ͺԼ̳һʱ򣬶Է֪޷ֿȴһ׮Ըֱӷ
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Ǹ꣬ʱһĳ˹ɢԪҪȴס
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֮ǰĽ̸һһУһһЦڸǰδԶ롣
Ժ󡭡Ҳ·ѵҪһ
ǰŮʵ
Ҳ֪ضֱӵ
ֻ֪ǲԸ˵㲻ԸңԸҼȥǲ󡭡᲻֣
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ҡسĬ
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뿪д񣺡Բ𡭡
ûжԲҲҵġҡͷ
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뽫ⶫԷӹȥץģշ
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ⳡһʼ֪˽ֻһֱҳϰˡ
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е۾ɫͬʱһ䣬Զӣǽ̲ס˳۾ϿɣϡءѵҪһλµġݴۣ
Ŵ۾ˢˢȫѻȸһ˵


2235 £
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Ҳǣνġ
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;
ʱôռѹô󡭡Ӧ·ѡ˵ôͻƿռ½ϲԵģʵִﵽ˺־磿
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ͣһ£
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۾Ź⣬¶ȣҪΪĿ꣬½Сӡܣ


2236 ʦܸ
ʥӵһʣΪѡ
Ϊõ·Ŀɽ䵱ɶֺѡ
ֻǺһʵ̫ˣһͻƣ񻰡
Ϊû취׷ϣζû뵽ʦ½ϲԺž޴ʱ
Ȼˣ׷϶ԷӦòѣ
ʱ䣬Ҳͱһ°ˣֻҪ桢Ŭ׷϶ԷΪ䱩һ٣ѣ

ŵĻɶһۣҡҡͷ㿪ľͺá
֮ǰ׷ϣ磬ǲΪԸϣͲµһֻƷĻಢ󣬻ϣ
㳬Ҳ׷Ĳһǰ
һ뵽⣬ͬʱ˸ɾ
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Դ죬һλ꣬츳ѣ
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˵ͬʱ˿͵۾ۡ۵ͬʱ֣ǰĿռһζʮһλǿߣͬʱ볱ϫ

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ϬŮѣ۾޳裬ԼǾҲͰˣǻۣĺ󱲣Ȼѧ
ؿڷƣ۾ȫҪײǽĸо
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2243 زҺ
ĺöȻ࡭
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ݵϵۣͣһĲƸѾﵽ˾˵ĵزʱ͸ϡ֮ࡣ
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ÿһϫеţ֪٣һ롣
λ֪ǿߣò۾ʶͨŵĿˣپãҲֻͬһǻ޷֣Ҳֻһңʱһҷ𡭡

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ʵǰͰԴﵽġˣΪ֮ʡ
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һˣǺܰȫûһЩΧϣǱ˵òпܶ棡



2244 
⡭˵
ܶ࣬ҸΪ£Ҫ棬ܲõ˵ʮĸˣӵзȫˡ
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2245 Ĥ
֣ܵøճ
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һ֣Էһĳ˹ϧԱһɲǼ䣬ɽڣһռ
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ĵͷգʮˬ졣


2246 ܵİ
Ĥ̺ľյԽ࣬ĻԽߴ˶ƿҲԽԽǿ
ܿٴδﵽ˱͡
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2247 ɽ
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ֻǸĤڲԶգһ˿ûŹ
ЩԼղˣԷȻաôģ
ҧнֻʣ»ƶСҺŽȥ˷ӡֹסɢŭĿԷλѣִ赤ҩĶ飬ģ㽫زҺеȫոɾʲô˼һ׸۾
Ȼܸм㽫չˣȺʲô
ҴӦ˸˺ôƴƴȴֱժȡʤʵ̫ðɣ
Էŭһ£ԷУŷҺʮһһͷڿȥ̽סҵΪͻƷˣɶʱ£
ȻֻǷڣȴʵʵͻˣ
ֻǡôһ㶼û죿
Ӧ׻ֿ꣬ģʽнɢеĵزҺȫˣ
ֻģûҺ
֪˵ԷƻᵱԼεƬ̣ȳȥ˵ɣǳܲסˡ
תͷȥȻĤѾൽ˾ͷȫҪסˡ
زҺߣĻ飬ӷ񣬽ĸͣʮһλȫܵˣٲ취룬ܽȫû
ߣ
֪Է˵Ĳ֪ʱȷѯʵʱҧҧһݣ˳ȥٴɱɽɫڣȥ
֪Ĥڵֶ꣬ԶҲýһˡ
㡭
뿪˹
ҡҡͷٶ˵ոĤо
Ӻ󣬸ĤȫոɾʱʵҲѾﵽ۷壬սֻͨǿ
û˸ĤػΧ˹ģһӣɱһͨ˳߳ȥͻȻͣ
ȥɽûиҺ
ˣһҺΪһͻƷ۷壡
һΣαװ֮ƣһϢܵĻ鲻ֱ˴ˡ
տʼɲͣΧһᣬͣЩãȻ
ľ֮飬ûĻѬգеֻ΢ȱαװ޷죬Ҳֱ治ˡ
αװȻǿ󡭡鶼αװ䷢ֲˣ̲סпһһΣֱɽ˹ȥ
طܹزҺĶ϶ط߱
һ·£𽥼٣ǰһᣬͻȻüͣ
ǰϢһϤ֮С
͵ԴĵЩƣĥ
֡
£Խ룬ϢҲԽŨȻﵽԿĵز
ɢ⣬ûܵӰ졣
ʮӣɽײ¿ȥ͵һ
ɽ·һƬ޴ĿյأĶʲôֲﶼûУֻݺύһ޴ӡ
վڿڿʲôվڸߴǸ޴ġӡ
۾ǿµģ
üë
ǰӡ϶Ǿֻһֿܡǵ۾µģ
ֻǡ۾޷
ӡӺζ
գ᲻ᡭ˴սɵģ
ǰްӡһ뷨ð˳
ϫգȱʧһɵģԴ·ӣϸ룬ҲӡЩơ
᲻ǣλ۾սµģ
յСƼ䣬ڼ䶼û׻ָ
ֻǡ
սСƼʵӦÿֹΪȴûȥ
ʮ꣬ӽʮҵʱ絽׷ʲô
Ϊ뿪磬ֳȱ䵽ʦԼϣ
һʣԽԽͿ
ӡһȦδֶĵزҺҲûʲôĵطֻεٴη˳ȥ
Ȼûﵽ۷壬ȴҲͻ˷Ǳøǿ󣬾ͻƵ۾ҲԶˡ
֮ܶջķᡣ
Ψһȱݾǡλ
ԷҺʮ֮ţʵڲ˼
ˣʵڲСΪͽˣȻ
˰죬ĵ
ȻԷֻ֪ΪͽҲԼòˡ


2248 
˾ٲᣬת˳ȥ
αװĻ鲢δйܿصɽ⣬˵Լ˼öԷһ£͸ܵб
̧ͷȥ漴ɱĽһͷ޴ͻڿмս
⣬ղôȰ㻹ǹԹ䣬öۡ
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в̻ͣ𲻶
ķ
ü
ͷͻ⣬ӦǸķţֻǲ֪Ϊ˴
䣬Ρһƺʹĳطȫ죬ٴԷ˹ȥ
䣡
߽սݱռ䱻˺ѳһһѷ졣
ʦ
ǰ
֪ǰλȥΪ˲ϺȣղŲδ棬ǺͰ뿪ɽ
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ǸճͱλĻɷӦҲ֪еزҺȰУˣŹġ
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ûйأΪ˱ãȱ˾Σգһ֮ʣȻ֣Ӷʤɹ
ǰλɵķԾ֡
ǰˣ϶Էڡҡͷ
ǱˣλɼҲ֮ƽְˣȴѹ˿ûлֵʧѾΪȻ
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زҺɡ
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ϫÿζкܶ䣬֪ôߣǰһ治ͣζ
֪ԷΪ˱أĸɱ֣֮£ֻý֮ǰߵҺ˹ȥ
д򿪣һۣüôôС
ܵô飬زҺӦܶǣôŻƶС
Ӧɢˣҵõʱ򣬾ô࡭
Ⲣδ
ɢ
üë𣬻һҺսָٴοȻʣ㣬õĶֲɣ
˵һָϵĴָ˹ȥ
һͷȥƬ̺𣺡볱ϫҲûţЩˡ
˵꣬ġ
ȻһΣȻɶʣ¡
ȻԷָеƷֵزҺȴҲв٣кܴǺܴһԴˡ
㡭
жԷߣҧҪ˵Щʲôȴ˵
ϫвٷ䣬ڵľ棬ҪӲԷпܽնɱ
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ɽڣûա
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ϵĶȫߣ˹԰⣬Ҽɵ커̣ûо޴ǰɱˣǾͲһˡģ㣡
дв
һ򻤶̣еķô󣬿ֽܻնɱԹԸˣȻûҪϾɱ
ˣǰͲһˡ
նɱλ۾֪Ҳȥ鷳
ǿʳɱʲô壿
λϵѹԽԽʱᶯ֣˵һ¶֮ɫȴûκΰ취
ûǰϢܶԶܶԶˣûκΰ취ˡ
пܽһˣ
磬Ǹ߸ϣڳϫʲôλûС

ҾѼЩ
ܿϵĴָ˹ȥ
ջ񣬻ĵͷ˵ͼһλǰҧɷֻҪѼıԸĸ棬˳㣬Ҹɽ浽׷ʲô
棿ҲǲԣҪϢֵеıģɷƤһ̧
ġλĿһתָǼһǰ˵زҺǰ֮ǰҺȭͷС󣬾ͱôСˣ˵⣬϶йء
ǰһжԿʵȴˣȻܵĤҺ˵ʵͿԷ˳ˡ
ܹѵһ٣ԼȻŹᡣ
Һ
λ˵ҺȻȭͷС۾俴۾ų⡣
ôҺõ׸۾Ȼܹõĺô


2249 
㰽ѰزҺûȾָĴ㣬ˣ
ڵϵİҲΡ
Ȼ˵ǣԣЩ˼ġ
Ͼ
ϣɹһЦΣ׬ˣ
䣬ŲݾܾҺԹԽһ
ҡͷ
ˣô
úú˵ǽãȻ֪ôɱ㣬һܹõҺ
ǰһвû˿ηŭЦ˫üһ
꣡
ķȫڡ
֣ղҪӵλ˿һֻ
ʶʱ滹Ϊ磬˶عء
Σղˣװģʲô
ǰԷһغͼһεҡҡͷ
αأοأ
̾Ϣ
ЩֻƼˮ꣬һѰұû̫飬ǣҴһֻ۱һֻۣװ
ɹңҶ֣Щ˰ɣ
ָһ

ӡѣɻûӦͱУأķɳʮ׸ߣˤڵϣڴѪ
ɷĹһָ飬ҽɣ
׷ʲô
ܵȫݴǾ֡
ҲɴۣɪɪԶԶȥûĴߡ
һǻ֮н磬ƿĤزҺǰ֪򵥣ô벻ôǿ
ɡԼȫʢڣҪʤѣʱڶԷУһֻ϶Ȳϡ
ֻǸ
վ۾Ѫ졣
÷Ȼһͨһָˡǰ붼룡
ȻղųУûȫ˼򵥾ƿʵ֮ǿʶǿļλֻǿ
һȣɵƱצٴһѹǿɽѹ
üվԭûҲûκη

ûǰڿɢһ𣺡һ£Ͳƽϡ
ֵƣλղŻڵķʱѾԶȥζҪʧˡ
Ȼһй󣬾֪ǰλĿǰʵԿģһ£תӡ
ϫ˭ܱסõ˭ʤߣ֮࣬ȥ֮ƾԼĵλ˭Һ˵
˵˵ҲҪŰ
ʦһߣͷֶȴں΢΢һ㶡
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֮ǾΪ۾ͨѾ㲻ʲôˣֵΪ˷ʱ䡣
ǡ˰ıҪ֮ǰΣߵ
ദôˣ֪ǰλԸ
ֱ㡢ʴȣӲԸñ˵Ķ
ղΣȻΪ˵زҺ
µʱ򣬵ȷ̫λ⣬һﶼˣҲһ٣𣬰Ѷ֮ǰ飬Բٲ˼ˡ
۾һ
κͶԷ˵ͽӦԶԷ˷ܣˣͲˡ
գ
뵽⣬̧ͷȥͼɴʱѾʧӰ٣ٿټ
ˣѾԶˡ߿Ц
Ȼ˲ƣٶ֮죬һ˲Ҫˣⶼӳȥߡ˸׷ϣȻ
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һҺɾͱץ˹ˤڵϡ
ڵϰ⣬üëٴ
۵ռ䣬ץֶΣֻе۾
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ʲô¡
ǡɼæͷ
ôʱ䣬һ־ץǰλʵԿġ
ղŴߵĸֱȡ˳̧ͷǰڡҿ𣿡
λٲװĳƺԼΪˡ
ϵж£
һΣ罫ȫˡ
һ˼թӦûвٱ


2250 ֪ͨ
ǣǣû̫ϻɽԼĴָ˹
Ĩȥӡǣһۣĵ˵ͷ
Ƿö٣Ȼڵô̫󣬵ߣǿˣкܴġ
ɣ
˰֡
лǰ顭Ҷ˵ϻתߡ
ǿʳȻбֻҪ˻ڣϫûرգȫ
ڷϻ࡭Ҫ⣬ʲôûˡ
λԼĶȡȥɣ
뿪򰽷
Ƭ̣ǰԼĶȡ˻ȥһǵ͸졣
λʵȴܲʣˣǲõģʱ뷨ȫɢû˰֡
ֻƼˮ꣬ƾʲôҪǣ
ҪرѾɽˡ
лǰ
Լıʧãָģæ
ÿ˰֣زҺҵȷûգȴҲˣ㽫Ҫˡ
ǣæͷ漴̧ͷ¶ݣǰǾλ
ôȻֻ֪û뵽
ҿôᡣ
ңԷϳҲûϡ
һλݴۣ
ѹдʵ
ǰ죬Ǿλģ

ĻһȻ
ףǰλ˭ִʲôݡ
ѹյزҺŻȻ
زҺ̫ŶգԷȴ֮ǰ;֣ڲףԭ
עҪΪ۾ܹⶫҲȻˡ
ʲôǰһǰ֪һطӵпܶõı
Ŷ
ǧҵһռѷ죬һЩݣΪΪ̫ͣҹȥǰĻӦòǣ⡭

ݣ۾һԵ۾Чģݣ
ҩģڿʦµ鼮У
һֶԵ۾ǿ߶мЧҩڵ״̬ͨҩѾȫãҲֻּ𣬲Ϊٽ
ͷ
ҹȥ
Ҫ˵Чݣ϶ȵزҺˡ
һͻƷ۷壬۾
ô죿
ӦһָԶλҪӵ
ɱ˾ǡһۣһڡ

λ˵͸еٲԼƣȻߣըɷĩ
һΣգӱΣҳԼһ¡
ȫüëһ
ǰ߻ɣǶλᣬ̫˵ˣûеô£һĻס
ǿ߾ǿߣƵġ
Եɱͨ˺ơҿ֮ǰסģû򣬿Ѿλһ˷ɻҡ
߰ɣ
ȥ˵Բǰ·˹ȥ


ɫ࣬ҧĿ졣
϶ǡλ
ܹףȻҲ³Է˭ˡ
λ˭ûﵽ۾ӵ˿ֲʵ
Σ۾ŷҲ
һλӢˬŮӰȭͷһ
λʵȷǿ͵۾Ѿ޴ۣŷţҲ
ƷʲôԺ˵ܵ裬λŷܰԼһأ
뵽⣬ûκγɣһȡһöĴѶơ
ǵ۾רƴģڳϫҲʹá
Ѷ󣬵˲ʮӣռһζһӰͻأǰ
һװ毺õˣڿڣ˵Ķˡ
ţ
Һ£Ů˫ֱ󣬴ԽӴı䡣
õ͵۾չˣڵʵ۾֮ǰ˵չͷţˣԷѶԥĺʦܡʦǷֿ˹
ҸձᣬѪΪ۾׼ĵزҺˣܰæ֣
ɹ
ǰλͱСĶ࣬ʵţװ
һģһλţ
û̫ϻ
ʲôҲ֪Ӧǰ죬ŵλ
ɵ
Էʲô治ֻܲ²˭
Ŀһ
֮ǰ۾λҪСģҲһֱҪԷû뵽һûȽߵˡ
湻ģ
ѵΪţģ


2251 ܷ
ģ
һɰĿ΢΢
ɽһָ
·
ʵ̫ǿˣ¡ȥΣգƤһ
ڣ˭Ҳһë¶
˿һ˷ܣǰ·
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ԭֻʣ֮ǰ˵»һǾ֡
ղλȥǵı飬ŵ
Ͱˣǲ֪
˿ڡ
ǰæͰĶԻǲδ֪ȥ˺δ
ʱ䲻ӦߵĲԶû뵽Ȼ뿪ż˵ȥͬʱȥĸ򣬾ͼߵŮǷʲô΢΢
λǿ֪ʲô֣
Ůʵ
֪ţ˳ƺʦһλ
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šȻ˿ƽ飬תͷԶĻɣѸղλ飬ϸ˵һ飡
û뵽ǰλȥҶԷԼ𣬷ϸڣΡ
֮ΣҪᶫᣬ
˵˵ղŵԸ˵һָղ˵һλ
ǣλҷ֮ǰ£ϸ˵һ顣
˵Ŀʵ꣬ûκα飬ɡ
⡭ʵϫûйǿʳҲΪ˵۾¡æڣδ䣬ǰһڣ漴һ£ֱϡ
أ
ˤڵϣͷۻ
ʲô˼лú˵
ɿҪˡ
вɣû˵ˣ
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أ
ķϻһƽһҪȴʼգ۹򣬾ͱˣѪ硣
һѪһ
ղŲ˵ڣ˭Ҳ˺һë
˰죬ǱңҪŪҰ
·һЩ
Ϊ˿ɽǵıٴαѹһΣô˰죬ɽˣ
˹˺˿û˼
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ʵ㣬ɱңûԹԣ۾չңΪҪɱˣҲҪɰɡ
ͣоҪҲ̲סʡ

𣬲ġ
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ۡǬħ˻Ѵķôλйأɷ¡
ѧ;ò˼ˣôֺ˳Ϲϵˣ
ǡѧŵ
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ʱףΪλᱻԷˡ
ȥ˼ʦĶҿȸţ֣֪ƻֱӽԼ
ɶ¡
˵λһλݴۣΪȻϾŵδػ
ŵ˿϶֮ս
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Լʵ۾֮ǿʮһλǿĵӣγϫҪˡ
ղҲˣλʦɷңȥĸ򣿡
Ợɵı飬ſˡ
ǡƬ̣һλָ˷򣺡ȥǱߣ
л
Ųٶ˵һץѾϻģɵβͣǰȥ
ϾҪʦˡ
ԽԽǼ
β͵ĻɣڿУ׹ղŶԷһ٣ֻΪѯʦ䣬ʦƻҪ򡭡
֪ˣҹԹȥãڳû˵Ź򡭡
۾λչʱúܸˡ
ͻȻòչˡܷ


2252 
ȷеݣ
ü
ǰĿռѷ죬֮ǰĶҪµĶ࣬籩£ʲͣͷų߲ʵĹâ缫⡣
ֵطǿ߶޷룬ݲһҩİˣܹ
ȷͷϫһĴˣͬҲĴˣûõ̫ıҲûţĵʮϤֱӴѰҵزҺȥ̽飡
ͷ
֮ǰɻôţΪλܹȷϣزҺɽԭǰΣѾֻʵòˡ
ǰιʱѷ컹ûôʱʱĻ͸Ŀռ俴龰ڣ̫ȶˡ
ü
ȶ
ռѷ죬֮ǰûôҲûô꣬ңҲȥֻòݰˡû뵽ʮ겻仯ô󣡡
͡
ţ
ü
ʮǰû֪
仯Ҳ̫ýˡ
תͷߵŮܲܶס
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ԣάֵʱ䲻̫߿һۣ
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սĻԷֻǸͨԼҲ϶Ƕ֣
Ƿһô򵥣

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ڿûô򵥡
һģϫûеôȶһƻϫʧҲȻܵش˲֪١
ѹ֡غͿʦ
ţֻҪͻƵ۾Ͳľ棡
룬̫ǳˡ
תСֹͣһֱͻƵĻϫ˺ѣִʣΪˣ׵ܵΣգ
Ūãɣ
Ҳ˵û취ݣĸ죬ˣһ˿ϣ


2253 ˽ȵ
ܶһ£Ҳ㹻ˣ
㣬δժȡݣһתȥǰȥɣ
һŵסҩȡˡһǽ
ĿľΪȡҩģΪû
áһһ𣬻ָŮģǰȥռѷ죬߲ʱ֣̻
Ϊʲô߲⡣
ΪñĶܹͬ硭ֻһҡͷ
ݣҪĶȴǱҪġ
ͻƵ۾ԴûҪ᱾ĩֹʣóϫ
ϫȻܵ
Ȼһ£鲻ĿˣʧԸ
ڣеʦˡ
縺ʹɼ
ǡȥҺʵıǵǵĿΪҲ뾡
Ȼܶ໰˵һ·ĺܶ飬֪
֮ܲȴǰ꣬ƺʲô׷ţӿٶһͣЪ򣬼пܣɡ
˵ԼͲʡ
ֻߣܹȫá
ҵһЦȡһöҩ˹ȥ
ɵĴָ̺ʮöƷԪעõҩ
ŮΪȹ̿ռѷ죬ļˣֲ
һ֪طſõ۾ǿ߽ҩԴǹȥ
ǰ
ͷ
ĴϫÿһΣ룬õıԶȲϿʦӣҲֹٵġ
·Ȼײ٣ܿһֱ֮
ҹ˵ʱֻԲҹţǧܵһꡭϫ粻ͬ껨ҲҪʮһΡϴʱ򣬾
ǰһָ
ȥǸϿȣ֮ǰɽһĲľ֮顣
ȥ
αװ֮תУƬ̺üͷ˳Ѿȡˣ
ȷжԷ˵ҹԼˣѾߡ
ѵҲ
һ
ΪѰҵزҺʮλٻ壬ˣûɹ
ҹڵĵطľ֮࣬Σո󡭡ȡˣѲɣλ˸ĸ֣
Ͼ˶ǰλʵġ
ûӦǹһˣĽҩĴߵģЩľ֮飬û
Уϸ۲ˣսȻкۼʱ棬ʲôۼûУԣӲ壬ӦúԼһϢĽ룬Ϣ뿪
Լαװ֮òľ֮Է֣Է̵ʲô
ǡȥһطɣ֪һ̺ž֮ⶫƵ۾õıͨ棬ղھﲻԶĵڡ
ȻѾȡߣûʲôˣŵ
ȥ
ͷ
ܱĿǰȱ٣ⶫȫ۾ȡԽΪԴ
˺ѿռ䣬ٷУʮ˰˵Ҹǰ
壬óƿȹ̵ҽʱ䲻ٴλصǰ˵ļž֮Ҳˣ
ܡⲻš
ǰ¶֮ߣıУڻʵҲ롭ʲôˣܹϢߣһۼû£
㻹֪ʲô
֪ϫڵʱ䣬̫˿գüͷʵ
һӵһʯݴ۵ĵӣλŹȥûȡߣϴʱڡƬ̣
ΣѾЩˡ
ҿͷ
˼·ܿǰһ޴ıɽˣͨǰᱻֹͣת
طӦûܹߵ˵ͷ
ô֮Խ룬˵ˡ
ǴﵽţҲ
ţҹȥתӦ˱˽ȥ
ʮӣٴοЦŷ˳Ҳˡ
⴦ɽԽԽҲ˲ٴۣŽ棬û˵ǿʯۼͬ˽ȵǡ
˸ǰ棬ѱȡˣ볱ϫʱˣһֱտҲʲôûҵ˭ٶô죬ʵôǿ
֪磬ʲô
̲סתͷ򰽷⣬ʵ


2254 ۾
ҹž֮ʯڵĻͨԽ벢һȡģ򣬿϶Ҳֲ̽λǰȡˡ
ˣɱ˽ȵǣѵԼֵʲô
ܸԼ֮ǰ֣
һ£Ϊݴ۵е۾εϫʮӣϧۣ츳Ǳ츳ߣ֪죬λǿߣʱվıʱ䣬ϫǰɹšʵңй֮
ŶüѵŴ۾Ҳ֪һϫŲϧۣ
ɻĿ˵λʲô֣
ʫһλСž˼Ƭ̣
ǣһ
ѧλ۾ߵ£һֱܵģֻ֪úܺã΢Щģζû뵽Ȼȫﵽ˷ż
ٶҲ̫˰ɣ
ҿԼҲﵽ־ˣȻһϣѧʵ磬áΰ
ǰǣҲһλķţһΪɲ⡣Ҳһλ֣ǹգ˫ǬħǱߣƺҲһλ·ķӱκ̣ڤԬΡͰ䡭Щ۾ոģǺ֮㣬ʵȴСЩƷţֻǿ
ûĲԾһصĽһ䣬˵᲻ᣬǽЩǰˣ
⡭Ц
һ˵пܡ
ʲôʵҲ֪ԼЩӣĴﵽţǰĻսͬߣ
ʦѧ͵ʱ򣬶δܹ⣡
ѧֶΣȿʦǣƿصͬ
߿Իøʱ䣬ȱʵʵָȱݣҼԸܸõ⣬⡣
Щˣÿһǿ󣬵һҲˣһǰϺãҪ¾ûôˡǰǾҽ黹ǲҪ֮Ӳ
ǰλܹȥᣬԴĵһ䡣
ǿ󣬵Щˣʵףһ˶һϵ۾ıǿԿ⡣
ݴ۵ĵ֮ǿݺᳱϫҪԭʵǿ˵ҪĬһ𣬵۾ֻҪ٣޿κΣοǡ
Ӳ
ЦҡҡͷƣӦòᣡ
Щѧߵһ󲿷ֶ۾ĹͣټΪ˵͵ǲ˵Ϊá
Ȼ۾֪ΪԼѣѧҲвõӰ졣
ʦҪΪѧһ¡
⼸֪ʲôı𣿡
ıǰߣǲԼΪ֪ᣬûκ壬ٴο
ϫʮ־޴ȥѰҵĻ֪£ֻ֮ǰоѯʡ
ǰλ⣬ΪôܹĴγϫ䣬ȻŹ˵
һ˼һ£ӦҼı۾ǿߵõпܸһֻǡҵʵû취õֻܸɿš
õ۾ǿ߸һʲô
һ㶣۾ˡ
õ۾һı磬ǿΪ֮ˡ
Ŀһ۾
۾ɻ
֮ǰ鼮УδⶫļԣǸҩġ
һöۼҩ
ͷ
ҩôеҩǲ⡣
ϫǻ֮û˾סôеҩһǵۼģ
ݴ˵ǵݴۻûΪ۾ʱ򣬽볱ϫƾ賬ǿƳġʱöһö̷ɹƾΪͻƵʱ٣ϫɣ̫󣬱öҩˡݴۣɵӹѰңʼ޷ɹҲһֱȻû۾ǿߵʵҲԳ˰벽۾ͨսʤģ
͵
ݴƣȻ
Ҫ˵ϣ˭ڲǵ۾ʱ򣬾Ƴ۾ĵҩֻλ
볱ϫҩĺ౦ɹƳּҩ˳磬Ҳְֻ˵ķɺ۷ʵ
Ȼ۾ܹͻƵ۾磬ҵ᲻ҲͻƳɹ
һһ뷨ð˳ȭͷ۾ȡ


2255 ѱ
ö۾ʲôطʵ
ʲôطҲ֪ĴγϫֻһΣҲ㱻ɱ
֪
ⵤҩԼʶγģó͵Ϯ˷ʤİҶǱ͵Ϯɱģ
ҡͷ
ϫ壬յأҲ͵ϮߣҪ˵ɵģ»λ۾
仯ɵҩС֮һϢͷŲҪ͵Ϯʤ
ϴԼͺ޲Ҫݴ۵ӣպ·пѻɢ˶Էĸ
ϴںδ
Ǻͷ
Ǻǳϫһյأָʯ޹ķУݺύ󣬳ı򣬶⼶ķ׽С
ȥ
֪˵ص㣬Ŷˣ˺ƿռ䣬ǰ
۴ĵطһ޴ĺ棬β͵ǣɢҫ۵Ĺâεżײһ𣬾޴ĺһռѳڵѺۡ
ΣյĲЩǣҲǵײǹĪⲻͣ仯
ǰĺ棬ɫأЩҷУΪ£ʱ仯
üͷһ塣
ϲͨϾ͸ܹ仯ʱֻǽֱģƽеģԺеĿռУûס
ʱǰǺʯҷУƹľͰ
ҲЩǵķͬ˵ȥѰνĵ۾ҪӦҲҪܳһʱɣ
ԣ
𾪣ʶӣŽ벻ãɫԽԽס
һ룬УҲҪܵӰ죬Ҫͣ仯Ӧͺ˹Ͳϴ»˶ĿѣҲ
ȡһ˽ȥ漴תӬڲ
أ
˼Ȧǿӳ£Ҳܲס鱻ĥ𣬱塣

̫ңƷ񼶱ıܲס붼ÿֲ
ôҵôȥģ
߿һࡣ
ʵûȥ汻͵Ϯġɫһ졣
ͷ
ѹ֡
طŶͷƤ飬ԷֻͨҪУȷ̫ס
ҽȥǲҪ
һһӵӿȫһΣǰĺ档
̣
һ̤룬̸еһǿ˺ƺҪ˺ɷĩ
䶯ȫͬʱ𣬽ʯһ㶤ԭأȻ
ܵͣһӦƬ̣̤ȥ
ಣ
ܵǣϮȡһ
ʯмͬʱƿһĢơ
üӲʯö
۾Ź⡣
ղ֣ΪƷ۷ıܲסѹЩʯȴȻԭЩʯͷļӲ̶ȣȻı
ϧ޷ƱܽЩʯǿһҳȥȻС
֮䶯һᣬףЩʯͷһԵԴ޷¯ƱˣܹȡĻһˡ
ֻǡ
Щٶô죬ôգ
ٶ̫죬ֱ봢ָָᱻ䴩ȵĿռ䣬Ҳᱻ顭
ЩӰ죬ٶȿ죬ռ䣬ȶóȻȡֻôָеƷȫɻ
ȽȶסĿǰʵ
޴£ȶζѣô͸޴ʯȫͣ
ЩʯȻܶռӲ̶ǼӲıƵİש֮ͬȻǱǲܹ飿
һ
ƵİשҲûзУضӲܱȲǰʯֶȴ
ܹĻͣס˳봢ָ
ԣ
뵽⣬ֹͣסĿ⣬˳һʯ˹ȥգ۹ǰƸȥ

Ǻ⡣
ôʯֻңǰ°ɣ
ɽȥ
ҲңռңҶסʦҵĻᱻǳˡ¶ŨŨĵǡ
ǰĴҷɣУвͿ⵽Σձɽ֮ĵط˲֪ٱ
ֶԿռƿǿ飬˳УԷ¸ѣ
ҲãЩ̫ˣҽȥĻʮӶֲס
ͷ˵ȥͻȻɫһ漴Ǻڣһվԭأߣʱʱ£ˣˣȣһȺѱ˹


2256 ۾
ǳ鴤һΡ
Щǲǵײ
Ϊɶ⸱ģ
񡭡ЩǱ飬ѱˡ˿ĭ
֪ˣɡŶ೤ʱ䣬ô죿¡
ǿߣ֮Ķ飬ҲÿһζҪѪ;ٶҪʱ䣬ҪǰλŹ˶೤ʱ䣿
ӣӣ
ôǾȫϣѱɹˣ
ؼԼһ¶ûС
𾪣ǰǺе꣬ٴμٴܳÿһһǸں棬תۼ䣬̰ߣһöö޴ʯԽԽ
ǰѱЩǸʲô
һᣬѾһǸ󣬰ⶼˡ
磬㲻ǹѰҵ۾
ŪЩʲô
Ӧ롭Ƶõ۾ɣͣһ£߲²
԰
۾ʱˣ۾ɵҩģ£ǿ˶ԲЩ֮У͵ϮĻǰǾҪҲûôסԣǰֱ֮ӽѱߡһڵĻȻ޷ءǺð취üıôû뵽أ
ΧһжɨɾȻûصĵط޷ܵ͵Ϯ
ǻ۸һı󶯣˾塭ߵͷг֮Ũ
˻ס
ڶ˸пʱһ޴ƺ漴Ǻһͻأڰ֮С
۾
ͫһ
־֮ǰʹùǵ۾е
ǣö۾㣬Դû뵽ȻͻƣڻѾĵ۾ˣ
¡
ȭͷǲ˼飺۾ǿߣ˵ƿһ򣬻ܵ˵ԸܳɹôһҩҲ
ĵ۾ǿߣһϿɣԸͺʦΪ˳Ϊĵ۾ս˵ۣΪ˻Ͽɡ
һöҩʲôôܾͳɾ͵۾ˣ
ǳϫǡ磡ͣһ£
磿
һ£漴ͷ
ȷǴ紦ģҲ˵ϫ緶룬Ĺ塣
ңݴ۾ͻƣת磬취Ͽɵģ˵һ䣬üͷЩ˼飺ֻǣЩ֣۾ıݣ˲֪Զߣ޷ɹֻһöҩôģ
ʵţǺڵҲ̲סһ㶡
ڿ۾ǣһԼռƿص˼¡
ѲɶԷͻ˵۾
˶ɲ˵飬һöҩˣ
ԣǺĻ
ӶܿȻ
ǶԷĴﵽ˵۾Ǻʱ̫ˣס
һƬ׿еγҪγɵĶ
ҪɱңǱְɣͷòƻûʵ
ָһ
꣡
еľ޴ѡ
㡭
ܿ죬γһŭĿͬɻƣѱǡ
ҪĿҵλ۾취۾ǲݣҲûʲôɿˡ
οĿöҩЩ͵Ϯɱ٣ץסҲ˵Σա
䣡
δ֣ûסλǺеĿռŤһӰڳǰ;һò޷ò
֪ļһѾᣬ֪ô

ǰ˹̸е˱סһ㣬ܵȫѻж
Ȼĵ۾
˿
ȻµЩĵģܴ˿̵ʵѾԶͨ۾ɴһΣա
ԷܿγɾʵϾ۾Щ룬޷ʵޣǵ۾ҲģΪ塣
ȥ
͵һӡ
ǣ̱һĳǰ˹ȥ
ô౻ͬʱ֣ǺĿռ䱻ɲǼѹһһڶ֮һӴ̱
㡭
걾֮У͵Ϯû뵽ǰλôʱ䣬ѱ˶ǣ൱ڽѣһˣԼƿصĶԼĲͣ£Ҫը
ͬʱɻ󡭡
ڵķţô͵


2257 б
ŭ֮У˫һҵĿռ䲨ʣһδüǣͬʱı͵߳
һɸǿѹڵѪҺ̡
ô޴ǣ˿ٶȳﵽ˷۷壬ΪҲ϶ֵסøѱǿ⣬ּпܾˣ֮ǰŬ֮һ档
ͿƵܲܵסȫһˡ
һüë𣬳ٴγġ
ꡢͻƷźûӳǿս˿Ҳˣ
ڣ궯ǿĽ⣬ڽƣǵõ˷ܵĳ

İ⣬鲻Խ˫ȷͷ亹
ȫϸ类ըѡ
ȥ
һͺֶ֮ǰġ粻ֹһ׵ƥɲǼ䣬ѹռ˺룬ǻһĻ
һŲʡᡢвĽ⣬ǰ޴ƿѷ죬ɹǣͬ࣬˳ȥ
ûͣЪǰܿڵ۾ǰ
ͫɫɷףƹ֮Ծܲ
粻ֹײ̺űεζζֻҪ޷롣
ˣҲ޷ܾ޷ܡ
ɶ񣡡
ҧ˫͵ضԽӭȥ
䣡
ǺζڵĿռѷ죬ԭ˺һ޴ĿӶζһ£˼ʮͣڴŴ
ֱûˣ
ҧͷ
۾û꣬ʱɫף˫۾Ȼһն
۾ǿߵĵҩһܣֱҲն䡭Ϊ߶Ծ߱䣬ζû뵽ת
λ̫˰ɣ
Ҳ˿ٴο˫ǳݵĹâ
ߣ
۾֮ǰ¶أУգ۹³µֱۡ
ǵҩΣνֱۡȽţҩˣʧû̫Ӱ졣
ֻҪҩ޾˵նһ˫ֱۣ㽫֫ȫն䣬ͷ­նͬԻû
ָ¶Цҩ֧ʮβʲô޴ĽܼΡ
δ䣬ͼһУն׹ֱۣ˹ȥģָһ㣬ɱһ֥Сҩ裬ſȥ
۾Բ
õ㡭ںҸ첲˰
˵ֻǸ첲Ͼɵ۾ҩҩûɣҩ۾ǿ̷Ҫһʱ䣬սʱȥͲ»
ɫ࣬ŭȼ֮£һȥ

һâ˫ٴαն׹أ͸ղһôܲ
ţ
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㡭۾Щץˡ
Ѿǲв
ǵ۾ĵҩ㵱棬նֱۣˡֱӳʲô
ؼǡղֻǷڵ첲ҩȻﵽڣȥ϶ߣ
Ҫɱ㣬ȴҵɾ²ˣһųԡ
첻ɱ㣬ĲΪ
һ޴۾˫ƴ󿪴־ҵŸջͫһҲ
ֱۺ֫ԷĽն䣬һںһҩ裬ȥ
¡
ΪͻƵڡ
㡭۾ɫףͷƤ顣
ҩۻ룬Щڳϫۻ񣬿ն첲ȣҲЩסˡ
۷죬ͷٴλû֫ʱϢѲ֮ǰһ롣
ߣ
֪ԶǶ֣ٹܲô࣬һΣصģ͵һ𣬿ռѷ죬˽ȥ
ţû뵽һ򲻹ӣ˹һ˹ȥ

ռ£Ʈһֱۺ˫ȣҩʧӰ١
ˡ
ҡҡͷ
ǺϾǶԷϳЩռṹ˲ʱ䣬ɲ̫ϤټϣԷʵȷԶԼߣҲȷס
ֱۺ˫ȵҩΪٴ˲٣ɹﵽ۷塣
˰ʱʣµȫѱսָŻص߸ǰ
ǰȥ
ΪǺԿ⣬˲пĴսû뵽׾ͽ۾ܣʱǰ꣬ȻͶء
ȥ
˵ͻȻеռһ󲨶漴ǰһҫ۵Ĺâҫļµ
б
ˢˢ˹ȥ


2258 Ʒŵķ
˾޴Ҳսγɵģֻһֿܡоı
ǿ̶ȣԽ֮ǰĵ۾
֮ǰĴγϫйʵ
һҡҡͷ
ϫÿν룬бﲻ٣δйļӵƣ
ȥ
ˢˢ˹ȥʱ䲻ǰ
˾޴нķɢվҵĵط˷ܵĿǰ
˳ǵĿ⣬˹ȥǸ޴Ҷ̣ͨʯǰ֮Уɢ޴Ĺ
Ҷⶫĵȼ̫ˣǵòҪܹõ׸۾Ȼõİ
ǰΪţΪ״ʮּ򵥣
һ֮£֮ϡ
һ¶ȡ
ǰƬҶ״ӺζǺû֪̺֮ۻ룬֮񣬿ԤֻҪǵ۾ܹһء

У˿ˣһ
⣿λ
˭
һȣŮǣ¶ݡ
ͬһǿټѪ߹ʹŮĵ»飬ҲˣңѪɢ쵽ǣӣӲͬ
ӣ
ЩˣҲʶԱȭк
ţҲǱϢţרŹİɣ֪λǡ
һλɻĿߡ
λϸܣͼ꣬¶ƽ֪Է͵Ըй¶ݣͣٶ˵
һ£˱ȭλᣬȻӢ١
նɱҶ飬죬ҲʱӰ
óۣλǿնɱţ̵Ƿ
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ˣҲ˵
ֹԴ֮⣬ü¶һ˿á
Ӱ֪ԼͰҶսնɱԷϵ۾ʹͱĻȴ϶ˡ
Ҳ˵ʵ£̱ԼӸһЩ
װʲôװ
λΧķţδ˵Ҳͬҡҡͷ
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һ£ͱԷϣˣǾͲö˵ˣȻȻҲõҶǵ뷨ҲһȻˣΣ
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ЩĴγϫиԵֶΣʵ۾֮¶⣬ȴҲڱˣΣ۾УѰұܽöҶȥȻܹõʶ

ͷ
ǰҶ˭õ׸۾϶ܵӣӹɡ
֪˵½ķţ֣꣬
Ȼͷ
֣½ȴĿˣЩƷŷ½һǷֵԴ
Խ˵ԽŲá
ǵԴ
ס
ҷһݣмЧȥȡߣͷ˹ǿгż˿ᶼûǣ
һλǰ
ҲǣһѪҵһԪʯһԳʦõˣ˹ֱӶߣ˿涼û˼ɣ
Ϊһʵһţû˿η֮⡭ʵ̫ţ
λǰһһŲá
Ǹ۾꣬Ϳ๦ߣ۾Ϊѧһˣ˵Ǽٵġ
Ȼǵ۾ľҲö˵
ȺˣҲ̫Ƿˣ
ֱ˵߾ߣһᶼû£ֻȥ۾񲻸ûã
ҪˣγϫûΣգȥĵطҲ᧿ΣпܱԷȡ
ˣôǿҶǲżľۼһ
Щһţֻһ𣬲ʩչǿһҶõ֣ڵ۾Ϳ֤ǲЩ˲
ɫصһǽȵǣԺӣᱻѹҲ̧ͷνƷϡȻ޴棡⣬ѡ񣿡
ҡû뵽Է˼һ̲סԶ


2259 һָ㹻
Ѿ֪֣ˣǰλŵ״ӡ
˵ʦʵ۾޷սʤ֣ҲЩƿԿģ
֮һֹ֪࣬ͬһ
ŶԷʦ棬ֶԸǡ
ǻζˣľ
ôңɣߣֻһҶѣԷ㲻ãǺΣ壬ò˰ɣ
µǲ¡ᡣ
¾ͺãô˵ˡܾԶˣأ
Ǿ˰ɡҡͷ
ֻһЩʵޣλߣûûﵽţȻһ࣬һҲ٣
⵹ǣ󱲶ѣʲôʵ

Ӧͬʱҡҡͷ˿⡣
ˡ
ۣһͺ˼æתͷ漴ԶĿռһ󲨶һӰ߷˹
Ǹ޳ŮֳֳӢˬ

λӣͷƤըıǱλȵǡ

гֱŮţ֪ʵǿЩһҪãҲ䲻ô
ſ˶Էһۣû˵߷˹

̬ȣͬʱһٴС
λŵʵڷ֮Уǰô֣ʤսȻʧֻܴϣ־䣬ܹ֪Ѷˡ
ңƤһ̧ںڵ㷢ƮɣԴһɰ
㣬ֻ㹫ƽӣߵ
ûգ
˰֣żǰ

󵨣
Ŀˡ
˵ˣǰߣ͵ȼλʱŭһȣˢˢ֡
λͬʱ֣ǰĿռγһ޴ϣУһ֮Уƺ˭ֻҪͱɡ
üëһ壬гһ˻һâֱ˽
䣡
λγɵ̺Ȼ
ȫˢˢˣһݷףǲš
Ȼ֪λʵǿȴû뵽ôǿ
ƾһ֮ͽγɵϣȫƿ
⣬Ÿʲô㶯֡
סżһȣû˵꣬ͼȥţѾ˸ǰۿ΢΢죬ϥһڵء
Тѧţʦ
ѧ
ʦ
ȫһŷ֣ŮڸղƲϵλǰΪͣ۾ʪ
˶ˡ
ô
λޱȣ֮УǿûԵţλѧ
һֻǸҩ
ɶʱ򣬳ŵʦˣ

𾪵˵ٴĺʮ˷˹
ˣ֣ǡ
ǹȻһˡ
ӰӣٴɫţԾͬҪͼЩˣȫһۿ죬ͬһͬʱڵء
Тѧ֣ʦ
Тѧʦ

˷ľսʮλ⼶ʱȫڵϣһĿдϺ˷ܡ
λǵʦ
۾յ۷ķţһ˵ѧ
˭ܸңǲǿˡ
˳׷ˡ
ģûôġ
š֣ˣÿһǿĲ񻰣ǲǶ֣Ϊ˫Ȼһսζ벻Ȼͬһ˵ѧ
ҪҪôš
ղšǺڱ
ʧȥѵ£ʱ䣬˵ٶҲˡ
˶ۿת
ղŰܵʱ˻òΪȻöԷЩԴ
ڲ֪ɶ
Լ˺òã
Ȳ˵ʵΣ˵ôţѧǾٴģӭӣΪ죬Ϊ
ϧʱȥʲôˡ
ɣ
˵𾪣ѧ˷οĵ˵ͷ
ЩѧȻҲôꡣ
˵һλǿߣʮʦ
ϣ֣վгǹʵ졣
ôˣü
۾һֱƳ磬вҪᣬҪʦĵǿλһһЩ֣졣
Цãҡҡͷȷ
ȷ֣ͷӣҲһԾԾԣֻŶͷʶһ㡣
Ǻãһϰɣֱʳָһָ͹ˣ


2260 ǿҶ
ʦҪս̬ȣȫһ漴뵽ʲôƤ顣
סͷú΢ʦλ

֣ͬʱһЦԶҶʦǸʲôȫ
֪ʦҲװ
ʦ½ÿξԼսʦʱ򣬶һ٣ڡ룬Ҷ֣һᱻĶϱҲ
΢΢һЦȲҶǶ֡
ѧҡ֣
ÿһϰɡ΢Ц
䣡
ʦͽˣñطϲЦգ֣׵ʱǰҶٴһΣ
еĺҶ׳죬ųҫ۵Ĺâ
ִ󡢾治ͣɢûǰԭգ˾Ϊ֮һˬ
ҶϿȥ
ֻϱһ·ƣһֺ֮С
ǡĵͼͼһ
ԴĵͼͼʮϤĻ졢Ҳרȥܶɽۼʶǰ޴Ҷϵ·ȻЩȫע˳΢ַֺ
ˣ̺žϢ⵽Ǹʲôֲ
Ǿ档
٣۾ҲһƬҶϣȻͼ̺Ϣģǵһμ
룬ⶫҪм
ֱӳ۾ѡ
ϣ
𺳣һһȣҶ˹ȥ
֪һŵ˶֣ûκλᣬΪǿ˵
ֻҪɹ֪ͨ۾뿪ϫǰʵǿҲҴӵ۾ɣ
λͬʱ֣һۻܵĿռǰҶֶȥ
ʦЩ˾Ȼҽȵǣź֣üͬʱһ
ʦһ٣ĸԸɱﱻЩ˶ˣԲԭԼ
Ҷûô׵õȹ۲졭סˡ
䲻ʶҶǺֱ·̺֮ƾ㣬;ǼͨſԿ⡣
Ȼ²һ˲ǰҶһζ类飬꣡УƵ
أ
λķͬʱУؿڳһۿɼѪۣѪĵ˳ȥݲҰס
ǿ֣ͫ
ǵʵȻͨҪһ˲ͽôŻˣҲ
Ҳ˵
Ҷ̺Զǡ
һϰɣҲʶ㣬˿
ţ
ʮһλ״ͬʱһˢˢ˹ȥ
ʮһ˹Ȼ֮ǰķͬһ־Ͳó󷨣Ȼȵ۾
ճܲסѹһһƬռ籩Ҷܣ
ҶԿĹû֮ǰĵӦ֣ͻȻӭ糤ͬĻ͵һϯڡ
ˡ
ͫæȥгһ
Ľ⣬Źػ͵Ҷ䣬ۼҪҶ֮ϣ޴ĺҶٴλζʱеһգǰĿռ䲻ͣ仯һ̣ȻһƬ޴½ϡ
½ޱߣһۿͷ
һصˣ
һ㶡
µ½غͳϫȫͬһ־Ϣ»ص硣
ԣǱҶ˺Ҷľͼ֮У
ܿ죬ͷ˲Ծ
ľ죬ŲãϢͨ磬ԾǸСģܸ˵ĸоͬʵȴżĲࡣ
ʦ
תͷȥͼŵ˷˹ϲûʲôˡ
˿̧ͷУҶЩŹ֣Ȼܹ죬Ƕ桭
Щ˵ʵһͨ۾ʤȴҶûס
⵽Ǹʲô죿
ȱ
תһȦûг·üëһٴγġ
ŵ͵˹ȥ
޳·Ψһİ취ǵ档
Ҷۻ룬δܹסԼȫ
һںȫľ񣬻Ի͵Ľâ

س˾޴Ѻۣһۻӿѷ˽ȥһ̾Ϳżߡ
û°ɡ߼æ
ҡҡͷеɻ˳⵽Ǹʲô
Ҳ֪ղ˵Щ˵ʲôҶ
ߵ
ղ棬˵ۡ
Ҷ
һ㶣һϤֶȻԺ˳졭̥


2261 
Ҷδ̥ȴϤĲϤ
ƷǼ
ΪⶫŲսͬ𼴱Լ޷ʤҲֻ󣬲ʤһ
̥Ҷ
òͬһְɡ
һǰ
ʱķȻﵽ۷壬󣬱ڵҲ̫ࡣ
㿴Ҷ
һָ
һקקӣ̧ͷȥ۾ˣҲ֪ʲô֮ž޴
δ䣬ֱǰľ޴Ҷ˹ȥ
ҶƺҲӦʲôû޴ͿС
һΣ˺Ҷ棬űһ京ŵ̥ʱš
üëһ
֮ǰǰ̥ģ
̣
Ҷе̨ͣ׵Ļ䣬þӨ͸ʱš
䣡
ʱ䲻ҵһŲʵſɢ˳Ե㡣
ȻǾ
۾Բǲš
֪ⶫü
˵쿪ٵ֮ɻ֮һѹкļֻû죬ʧ٣ų˻ңĴޱɵ۾ķ˶Ĵ۾
Ǹ۾ĹԶ֪Ƚ϶ࡣ
Ϊⶫʷˣû뵽ҡ
תͷǾη
ǵ۾ıǰλȻƳ˷
ҪҪôţ
֪ģôţƺѧҲ
̫ˡ
̣
ܵҶһ𣬱ԽԽǿƺ˷˿
ĻԵҪԼĶࡣ
ŪûԼͻƵ۾磬ɾĲ
֮ǰһֱ֣ľ̥ʲôıܹͬԼ޷սʤڲ׿£
뵽ġЦ
̥̺䣬磬Ӧףֻô벻ô졣
Уټʢ⣬ܹɹͻƵ۾Ҫһʱ䡭
ϸȥԽԽ貣ܵȻҶںǷͻƵ۾ʱ˿ǰο
ΪϣΪ۾û뵽д˻Ե
̥ʦ½ֵʱΪǾɫңһֱΪûг죬ɱɫ룬ҲϢйء
һμ̥ĳһ
ʱīǼ棬Ż꣬ûɢ
ԼһֱΪ죬ڿмп̺֮ǰѹƷŸΪ
֮кָͣ˱ɫ
ǿĶΪܹƳɷҲ׹
ܹΪ̥Ⱦ̺ɾֻǻԼ
̥𣬶нɷָѲɡĬĬ֣
һһ뷨ð˳
һж̫ɺˣ
һıþͻˣֻ˵ãɾı۾òȴԼɷ
۾ĳǿߣԼΪ޳衭
ǿ֮ϬۣԼŮѡ
۴һ㣬˾òԾ
˿ʦ֮⣬һֻεĴ֣һԼͣĳɳֱڡ
ҡҡͷʼ벻ؼٶ룬תͷǰӡ
һ²Ƕɳ˷ĵزȷԼ֮ǰ벻ġ
ʦγϫõıá
ǰһöָ
ͷ˹ȥ̲סͷܲ
Щӵջ񣬱λʦĴˣһۿȥʮ͵زҺһԶԶ
ѵõǣѼô౦ȫ׸Լģο
üѰұƾЩܳ۾
΢΢һЦ
Щѻһ㹻Լ۾ˡ
ţԣҹͼž֮ȡߣü
ĴָУûҹͼž֮ȼǰ汻˽ȵǵı
ѵԼ⼸λӣܹǼߣ
ҹž֮
ŵͬʱ˵ͷδ֡
ѵǣʲôĸ֣
üë


2262 ֣ϣ
ҹž֮⼸ֱյأʵ޷룬ԼЩ֮⣬Ҫ׾ٵĵõͨţɡ
ΪǼеһΪȻǡ
񲻱ʾͬһʵǿĸ֣޸ֱ
и֣
֣һ£ʦһ˵пܣҲ˼̺ĵط˽ȵˣΪλҲʦģڿӦòǣ
ҵô౦˳ȡߣû̫ۼ˵ʵǶ˿
ɻ֮ԽԽŨ
ݰĽܣЩ֮⣬ûʲôˣôͻȻðһλģ
˵Ǭħ֮⣬ͬһλˣרΪ
·ͻȻڡ
һ˵ҲԼԼ˭
ǵģλˣǸ磬ͨĻصǼΪǿ˳ҵ౦ɴߡ·
ܹڳϫֵط˳ҵô౦ǰ˵ľ飬ȻҪҪǣǿ󣬶Աг̶ȡ
ЩܸõѼƷԶ˵ٶȡ
硭Ҳ˵֮ǰˣǡ˭أ
˼

Щ˶ѧΣһһ壡֤ܹõ㹻ı
ϫ⣬ͷһеĴѶƣǬħû֮ǰȻԵ緢
Ȼ޷̽鵽ϫڲƷˣܽϢݳġ
ͺڡλ׼õĺ֣Ѷ˵Ѿõ
Щ֣Ǭħо̲סȡ
룬ֻҪȫóԼʵȻͻͽ޷ԽϬҲ˴۾ˡ
ʵΣˇNɪۺһ
ʵȻ·壬϶ҲȲŵˣǿóغǱУʺѰұǬħһš
óкãһλҵᣬӵõһˮ
ǶΪ¶գһȴ˵⣬˭
ӿ϶ӲѾǰȥ˶ĵطԼǬħǽڿЧ
㶼Ԥϵˣεҡͷ
׼һȻթġ
ǬħΪӮҡ
ˣ
ڸпͻȻеǰĳϫһһζ֮ǰơ
ô£ü
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֪ɶг˻ȣ漴Цҡͷ
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϶λţӣˡ
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аˬ
ڿ۾ǰ׬棬ĽԼˡ
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Ϊ˲غΣҵȥǸʲôˡ
ǬħЦЦȻԭأƬ̺ٴһ۾ȻŹ⣺ǡ

ͬʱһ
ͨţûⶫΪ۾֪ǿ
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ǰͬʱͷ
ȻĽ棬ǲΪԼҵķܹù
Ҫð壬ۻѶٴۣⶫ֡
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ЩǬħ˫ֱĿ˷ܡ
ܳɹã޷ɹ֮ǰıԼҲ׬ˡ
ô˵ⲽúܺã·һ󵹸ˡ

˷ܣеĴѶһζæͷȥֻһۣǬħ۾̵ԲӿҪը
ôˣλ۾
ҵİ˵
ǬħһҪ޵ı飺үѾȫ׹ȥˡ
ۡ
ղŻNɪԴﵽˣգۼ⸱ǬħܲˣҲȫЩ衣
ӣĵӣܣҲˡϾ˼ͽǰԼ˵ʱ򣬶ԷҲϸ˵ˡ
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λĻصѪɣôͳˣ
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תͷһۣ貵ľ֪ںϺܻҪһʱ䣬ҧҧһΣֱѷֵĵط˹ȥ

һͺȣŵ˽ϡ
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һӵʱ䣬һ룬2.7Сʱӽһʱ
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ȣתѹƵĵ۾ٴγǰ

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ƺٵ⣬еĵ۾һЦ
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֮ǰѺѾϫ˺ѣϵ۾Ĺռ鲻ϫΪֵܼڣһ׻ƻ̱һ붼ֲˡ
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ԺͻأðصӰ¶Ц⡣
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ʱٹ˲໥ʱȣΨһҪģػ磬סǵļ԰
ߵӿϳֵѺۣӿסʱֹͣΪһ˲䱻գѾ˾޴Ķ
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Ҫˡ
Ͳµ죬û뵽ô졭
ˣҪӵʲôط

ߣ˫վڳем䣬Ȼ
Դʮ꣬ӽʮֱʿʼǾףָıʣֻû뵽ô硣
Űɣŵܹ磬ܻȲ£ôûҪᡭ
һλƷŻҵ͵δ䣬һĵĬ£Ȼ
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۾ͻƵ۾ˡۣ
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