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001 Ҫߣ
һǻʡ
ź¡¡ľ죬һ޴ʯӡ
һƬƽԭϷʮԿïʢޱȵԭʼɭ֣ޣһʱǧٹֵɭֵ㴫һĳƵͺһжѸƽ·ոʲôûз
ʱһһȥ
Լʱ֣ʯڴһֵ춯һƨΪǱش˳
ģ
˹ٷܸоԼԴ˿̾ͺһŽ˻Դ˵ϣʮӺתĸоʧ
ѽ
ͻȻ䣬һƨɴӵϱĿɿڴؿϣһ޴ɫ⻷УСǷֲڹ⻷λáʷٷҡһԴԼѹԼȻ׹һϡ
Ծ
ΪʲôڻеΣ
ʷٷŻһ壬оԼ˶κģͺǺһһȵĺе߰ںǲӦ
ƣ롢˯ơͷ衢к
Ȼк֢״ûг֣ʷٷԽԽ϶Լǳӳ
ԼʮӺ
ʷٷǻָ˹ԭԾһ£૵С1.5ϵϵĹ⻷жϣеǣƺܴ󣡡עǵϵΪ1
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ʷٷҴӵϰγһݿ˿ӵʱתȻһϡ
Ϊʷǿʦ֮һʷٷڵ״̬һӵĵطĴҪڼˡǳأ¼Ķ󼸺ȫʧЧ취ָԼ
ˡ
ʷٷҺ뵽ʲôͻȻƹǽسʯڱȥȻЦһöĽɫӴ˳
Ǳ
ЦǺǵؿĽɫӣһ£૵еӡ֪ĸģλҪĻڿѾŵձԵüˡ
Ϊ˽о֮ʷٷܱдüִС
Һŵ·ϸѺһ֧սʱŽҴ˳öɫӱʱΨһ塣
ʱ붼ûƴץ˹ľϵĴߡ
ƺз֪ܲܳԣʷٷ˵ɾ͸ֱӱ㽫еĽɫӽһӷһĲҽ
ޡ
ʷٷ³һ˿ѪеĽɫӵǲܳԵġ
һ󺮷紵
ʷٷҲɶһ£ΪӳʱľȫƿʱͿռϣеĴװȫ֮ѪİҲɻңԼеĻҪ
û뵽ʧȻô㶨̺۶ʧЧˣ
ʷٷɶûдָһĵĽɫӱʧˣ˿ϱߵɭȥٵİλռ仹ڡ
ˡⶫԺоȥŪ·ŪԵģȻ취һȫ˵
Ϊóսʦʷٷһȫһ
տƽԭϡ
һģΪڸٱܣһ˿ңűԾµĻҲһ˦һ˦ӲԭʼؼܳһɡšҰϢ
Ӫ˾ôţ
ܿ졣
ʷٷܱ㵽ɭֵıԵش
һƬïܵԭʼɭ֣ľƷĿǰһĸïʢߴ󣬽Χľжʮ׸ߣɭڲĸﵽһϡ
Ǿְ
ܴ׳ɭ濴˺ϱĴ洦ɼɭڲʷٷҸеһ˿ΣյϢҲҹڿֻΧѡһֱһҵ
Ҫߣ
ʷٷһʦÿϸʷٷʦԴһ˿
벻Ҳдͷʼߣһ졣
ʷٷҡͷ̾һű㾫սȭͷǰʮ׸ߣһֱĴ۲ɼİ׹⸡ȭͷϣʮºǰĴȻڶѵλóֲ˼Ĺ⻬棬Ͳͽöϵġ
ͽߣ
ʷٷһı־öŴʷٷæµʮӵʱ佫óһľͷ顣
Щռõľĺܿƾʧ
ԭֻһòϵ֦Ҷʷٷܲû뿪̫Զһѡһƽأƾͳһѵľæµ
ˣ
Ӻһһ׿׳׵Ĺ̨깤ʷٷؿ˿ȻôûˡǴʦˮ׼
Ц
ʷٷϳľͷɶûУҲֻôһԭʼĹ̨ˡ
ѲӰɡ
ʷٷѡһƷϼѵľģָľһ˼Ĺ⻬㸡ָ֣ͺ׼̶̼ӵʱиһľͷӡ
ֻһľͷӡ
ʷٷܿǰĹߣе㲻૵ʣˡ
һ˿ɫĹâ֡
ǰƽľͷӾͺǱĳĤľʵ·øͺǼ̵ľһ㡣
ľʲLV1ЧLV1
ʧȥʷٷܵıЩᣬǹȥԲͼľʹϸħͷʲôûУľʹߵЧʵ̫ˣҲֻʱôӦš
ȻѾһǾ͸ɴһ
ľʸ䣨LV1ЧLV1
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ľʲƽһƽ棬ű㿪ʼŵڣΪʦʷٷڶķʽȫŤǰڳһһ׵壬һʧԭأʮӵʱ䣬ڳһȴﵽʮ׵Ŀӡ
ûпĲк
ʷٷܽ׼õľ˳ƽǽһι̵棬˳˵棬һƽһӣһƾոһСɽ
ûпĲкô˻ļʾͺܵˡ
ʷٷѾڵʯ㣬Ҳ鿱µĲ˻ĹأĹٻµۼ
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ʷٷӣʦȻӵǺܶ๤ҲǳθһֱܴæµһѾöӶˡ
˵ټ·
ȥҳԵģҪŪƤҶ·Űɡ
ʷٷҽľʸϣȻ㳯ǰɭȥĺеߣľֲȷвٴޣֻϣôܹҸСĿȳһ١
ȫʱѡڵ¡
ԱⲻٵΣգڲŽӽ磬֮ǰǿ϶Խһªĵ±ġ
ʷٷҪһʳ
ȻͿڵڿչһ£취̽硣
ʦ
ûװûвϵĻϾ͵Ƿһ롣


002 ڿӴʦ
ïܵԭʼɭ಻֪Ģ
ϧʷٷʵͲȥܲܳԡԭʼɭֵżᴫһЩ޴Ƶ춯Сĸζͨͨģҿ϶г͵ʳޣΣϵ޷ȷٿԴﵽ3.0ϵĳ̶ȡעΣϵ1.5
ʲôµģ
ʷٷܲɭûԶڵϿһЩ޴ޱȵĽӡ
ֱʮס
ǰأ֫ĽӡµĺۼԳжĿʱں֫߶ȴԼף۶ϵ֦߶жϣسʮϡЩӡһʱ䣬ȷﲻĻֻΪĳЩԭɭΧ
һ󾢷Ϯ
ʷٷܹ۲ǰľ޴ӡʱͻȻһӰ˹
ͣ
ʷٷеǱطܹһʹϮĺ󱳱һѪצۡ
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ϻ
ҴһƳʷٷûĿ꣬ĿٶϮʱǿϮʲô
ɽè
һͷ峤2.7ףվӽ1ףش270ҵľ޴ɽèɫͫףͺһͷ͵ϻʷٷܸоǣͷɽèȻβ͡

ȻèУȴܵͳΣԡ
ǰɽèһٶ˹ʷٷһûٶܣڵ˹һ˲͵عľ䳬һӣһ˿Ľ⣬еľգۼúɫĽűһزҽɽè˻ֱӴʷٷҵϿջľ彫俪ƶѪͷŽ˸顣ĿĵƶöβɽèȥغӲźȻأس鴤˺һ
Ȼ
ϸߵĶ;޴󻯣һͷɽèȻϻôβǱ𣿡
ʷٷܹȥǺ˼Ѫη֣Ȼһѽǰľ޴ɽèͷҲصسɭȥҰѪζеĺܶ࣬ЩʮⶼŵѸ뿪ﴦһ£ޡ
ʦȻóսձܶ
ʷٷڿרܸߵʦܺϿܱսʿǿ
ܿ졣
㷵ʱأѪζһЩʳ⶯Ƕû뿪ɭ֣Եشͷˡ
жص
ҰƺĳֲֹһΧڡ

ʷٷܽ޴ɽè˹̨ϣת۱ɰƤָ˫ַ·ӵħֻƤɽèϵëָһϸߣѡһϸĹͷ룬ʮӺüһªƤƤ㡣
·ˡ
ʷٷܳһſ´λǵðճ淽ҪȻʣµܿùˡ
Ϊʦ֧ʷٷܵǴӹлá
ֲɿ󡢶졢ȵȵĹУѸٳȡȻԪĵħ䴢档ЧԶԶͨʦڤ뷨ҲΪʦʱȥݣ۷ʱʵӽ˵ļޡʱΪô޷ͻƿɴԽʵ긽ħһоĿһΪϣͼԴͻƷ˵ƿޡû뵽ƻտʼͳһⱻ˸ˣ߼޻󻹱оü
ʷٷܲϲսΪս̫ħˡ
ħӦƽʱȻȵʱһƿʷٷܴܵħͨʦʮϰٱսҲǳɱһδģսҪܾòָܻħ̫߲Ҳսʵ̫Ӱٶˡ
ѧԺɵоʦЩϲܵսˡ
ĺ׼ǡȼ۽
ǿȼۣҲҪĳ̶ֳϿơȼۡͺһĻƽһĻͭŲţʦǵȼ۵ġ
һˣгΪʦ츳
ʷٷܴ󲿷ֵʱľˣĿǰʹõֻʣһ֡ıʡ̬
һɽèë
һʮ׵ߣϻɽèëֻе׶ѡûбߡ
˵˵Ļʷٷʹõô򵥡
ȵʲôʱ԰ѻͭɻƽʱǲָһȥ
˵Ļ
ʷٷչֵʦ涼ֻѧͽġϷȻ׼ʩϣΪܰ쵽һʦѾǺˡܰϷõô뻯ģʷٷˡ
ش󣬳Է
ʱеĴȻڲʱӽڽֹǻôʷٷѾܶˡ
һˡ
ʱʱ䵽׹ȥ˶ãڲԭϵǷԭ涼ѹȥ룬ΪҲû취ʲô۹ǴʱŵǰС
ܼ򵥡
ʷٷһһ𣬽ľɽè濾һܽˣȻʦ󲿷ֶլ϶һĺ֡ûν׵ζϣɽè⻹һζǶûҲŲˬ졣ʷٷֻȴպӣȻ취ôһĿǰ֪һʦҲܽһԴʵڲͷڸʮĿһճǡ
˴ͷǣ
Ȼ¶ѾںÿˣʷٷȻǽתƵȫĵطɽèϣȻ̨˳¥ݵ˵¡
Ҫһѡ
ʷٷҷźų̀ܵǽӹһ£űóľ俪ʼʯͷ
Ҫܶࡣ
ʯͷ̶ˣʷٷܵĹ߲УҪʮ²ſڳһһ׵ʯ飬ľĥٶȷǳ졣Ϊı̬ڳʯͷһ飬ͺöеиģʷٷǲɼһʯͷűᵽ˹̨Ͻ
ʯʱ
ôܹЩľͷߣʯʱ˵ɡ
ʯĵֻ࣬ǸıʵĻ״Ǹıڵıʣʷٷڻסʦǰڻ󲿷ֿΪСռ;ʷٷһʦԸħأΪ긽ħǵʵȼʱ½ȼ޲䡣
Ҫһܾͺˡ
ʷٷһߴĥʯһ̾ϢܸԼֻؼĲˡ
˵
Ҹȥҵţ
ոʯʱʷٷܶʱſĿǰһĨڣҲҵܡһͷɽèˣҰ޾군ˡҪĻƽ¼ϵ̺ۡ
ʱúܿ졣
ʯߺʷٷܿ˿ϵ˿ڣѾˡ
ʦԼصⷽʽ
˵ϵ˿ڣǻƤ԰ɣȻ˲Ѫ԰ɣҲ˶԰ɣ
ǡ
ոճ˺ܶɽè⣬ѾҪ޸Щ˿ӪôȻ޸˿ڵӪˣôȻ˿ҲӦúܿˣ԰ɣ
ðɡ
ЩʵǳΪ漶ʦʷٷܵҲ۷ɾ֮һ

һƬѪ뱻£ʷٷܵĺѾ⻬£ȫκεİ̺ۣһ壬ʯ俪ʼԼڿҵ
ʯǽĻ
ǰȻûа취Ǿֻȶڻһʯˡ



003 »
ҹĻ١
ҹʷٷܸܵһĪĺ⣬컹ûȫס˶ڣŸıʵĽṹӹ̣׵ĺȡ
һ֧ȼ
ʷٷڵԤ˼εͨڣȻ㿪ʼԼĴ
ܼ򵥣ֻʮӾһʦĵ˴Žڷϱߵͨڴһ˿΢¹䵽£֪ʱܵһ˿ĪΣոУ·һЩµĶʷٷɽèƤ˼ªıӣȻڴϷһԼҪҪȥΪоرһЩֵ춯춯Ϊҵ𶯣»òͣµҹҰ޲ӦôܼҲɭǱһƵĺ
Ҿ֪ûô򵥣
ʷٷɽèβоţջǾͷ˯ˡ
ʦóսǲȥˡ
кһɫԲž˸оûţǻƣ׾͸ı֪ȥ᲻Լˡ
ֵ춯һֱʱ֡
ʷٷܼһû˯ֻǱ۾мȥջסˡ
һʱ25Сʱңٶͦ죬ʷٷ˵㶫С׼ȥƺûκα仯ʷٷȴɫ΢䣬૵ŨѪζ
Ҳ״ʷٷܿͷСĽ¹Ǳĳֹɱʬ屻ʳһ롣
սĺۼɭֵش
ʷٷܿپ޵ʬɢԶЩδı֣һЩֵĹͷЩɫĹͷѸڻܿͳʧˡطкںɫѪǳҰ޵ʬʲôҲһжƾʧһ㡣
ͻȻ䡣
һΣʷٷԱߵĲݴԣű㿴һӴĺӰո£ץסһ޵ʬڿնԶɽ

ʷٷĿɿڴؿϣոͻȻֵչʮңǿ׳ĺ֫ԴеǱѼӣӳβʵͣοźķ
һȺǴС๷֡
ǵûëǳɫİߵ㣬ܴβͺ̣ܶĩе̣ĿϰֻĿЩȥҰޡ
ʷٷڶԸô๷
˵£ǶѾе˽⡣
ͺܴ̬Ұޱ֣ͬʱγʳ޴ڡϷĹɭֱԵôҰ̫ˣЩʳ޵سϣûʷٷҲһùȹ۲켸쿴رھۼ˺ܶʳදЩ๷ӦĿǰҲðͷ̽
ص»غʷٷܼɿ
ʮףҲ±Ұ޷֣ոֻ๷ܵ˶ţһڹ¡ױܿˡ
ĸ߶ɣ
Щ๷ͨʷٷܣҲûκΰ취

ƺһֻҰ޷ڣʷٷܿһ۱ûˡ
ֱʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ӽʮ¥ôߣĸҰܲˤ
ڵ¶ͨ˵еܣʷٷȴˮй궼ڵڿľ
ף
ʷٷһΣ˵ķ˴ʯӲȱʶеҪߣʯ俪ҲҪһ£Щʯǳ̣Ժá
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ʷٷڵڿһһףʮףʮҵĿռ䣬Ϊ˷ֹı̬¼ӹһ£׼ĸƻǻֳһңƽңֱӽʯгɰשӾݳһǽڣҲҪκεճϼеĴʯӵķǳι̣ͺһ塣ĿǰֻҪǸıʵڱʣǸı״ṹǺܼ򵥵ġ
Ȼ
ְ취һʱ֮ƣôʹ治¶ˡ
ʷٷҪָ20ʵпܳ뿪̽硣ʱԼǲԭУΪʱⶫֲ̫ˡ
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ʷٷܻһ£ֳһʮƽ׵ĿռΪֱѡһʯͽߣһ¯ӳȻȽϼªٿտʳˡ
Ϊ漶ʦʷٷԼռ䡣
ܴ󣬵ĿǰǧλĲϻǹģʵĻָ½չɰλ档Ŀǰ»ضܿտ󲿷ֲ϶ڴռ档
ʱϴһжôͷʼ
ҡҡ
һʦĻô࣬ݳһһƽ׵Ŀռ䣬ĵ˴˽ȥտĵطܶ࣬ʷٷܽһʼɼһ׵˸ڣԺΪֲֻҪԴͿԽֲĿǰ֪ʲôũ֣ҪܽӴǻͺðˣֻҪҵӾͿԿʼ滮ˮԴܼ򵥣кʱͿͨһºӡ
ڶʷٷԳƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
ڴؿǵˣ

ʦ϶һǿ֢
ΪʯɫԳƣʷٷܿʼ»أռٶȻôʯשǽڸݳס㣬˺һֱͨǱ߶ݹԺӵرֱͨӰװݡ
ȫصĵرʱ޽ʷٷϷװһš
æЩľѾˣȥ˿ȷûʲôΣպ󣬱㳯ɭǱȥ
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ʷٷ׼ڻľģȻ㿪ʼ̽µĿʳĿǰв٣ϰ췢ֵĹʮˡ
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綼Ǿ֣ΪһߣˣʷٷҵΪãȷûʲôΣպ㿪ʼͽߣԭʼ߲ħЧһ㣬ԼͽߣЧȻ㵫ǿԽԼ
ĹƣͿԴﵽ1ʵˡ
ǸʱԻָ֮֡ǹЧʻǲɼħߡ
Ҫǡתʡھͺˡ
ʷٷһ߿ǰľһ߻ԼĹȥϻö֪ʲôõĽɫӡȰȫؽˣҪҿطԣ

ʲôʱָܻװһľҲߣǿܶ࣡
ʦó
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ĽλֱȽǧٹ֣ʷٷܻϲԼݷʽͳơ

۷ʱڵѾӽˡڵ棬һǧ߸ڱķأʱͱĤˡ
ߣĹõġ
ʷٷܺܿͽߣʮռٶλľģǷԼĵ»ء



004 ʱ
ص»غʷٷһЩ򵥵ļҾߡ
ڵһ·ڵҽ㣬󲿷ֶʧȥˣһҲù
ǿһһٶףȻѡһֱӳǰڣһҲ֪˶ãʦʱжϻ׼ģʷٷܷص»ʱˡ
еĽɫӵȴֶ֡
ǽҹǳƽûκε쳣
ȥһۣܾĵֻɭǱߴĳЩҹҰڲʳо޴ɫԲôĿһһһ˵Ѫɫ
ۿɼһСʱͱ
ǵλ΢仯ʷٷܲʦδػ쵽λñ仯ǿɫԲѪɫǿš
ҹɫ¡
һƬžͺԶʱڵʷǰʷٷܵ־ΪҲɸоеģǾù¶Ҹ˳Ƥ졣ڶٿʱѾɫԲһƺָƽ
ʷٷܵڿҵڼ
Ѿڻ˴ʯģ˵޽һӣ޽һγǽˡ
ġ
ʷٷͨûҵ󣬲ķú
úĴ󣬵ʷٷܾһΪúǺװģһȦҵһЩɫĿʯɴЦ

һǲĳ
ʿ߰ʷٷһֱڵ磬ص»غ㿪ʼͽߣ¯
Ŀǰûħܾ¯ҲûԪ¯ΪԴʷٷֻԭʼķʽ󡣲Ѿָ1ȼڵʱԴԴϵԪ壬Ѿʹá֮֡
տĵ»ڡ
һ׶ߵĻ¯Ѿ깤ʷٷڲһͼ󣬿¯¶1500ҡ
Ŀʯ֣һʮ๫صĳֱӷɵУǡ֮֡ƶʮص壬ʦȼͨġʦ֮֡Ҫߣ԰ʦΣյĹлƽ𡢰ͺ챦ʯĻ̺۽ǿ100%Ϊ֮I͡Ҳ׳Ƶġ֮֡ʷٷܽʯ¯ڣú̿ȼڲ¶ȣܿʯ㿪ʼڻֻȨ֮ƣʦסʯһ˲佫
Сʱʷٷұõһ
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ʷٷ̧ͷ˿еԼǹɫԲ˴ӵϴﵽôûôˡ
͸ŹŹϢʷٷñ̼еһ˿ЩԶĿ߿ͽֻΪϷ翤ĶޡһͷŰϾϰøߵ˿಻ǨƵ̹˹εޡ
ӱʷٷܲǿ׳Ҳߴ󣬵һֺΣյĸо
̼òڵ뷨жܿᱻ˾죬ǰҪ뿪ŵ˵ĵ̡ЩΪһȵŵ֪֮ǿ϶ᷢģʱ߾ûôˡ
ܸ˼
̼̬ŶܹýĹ彻ʻԶϣܶԸոտһбܣҲϣĳЩҪķɣ
ڷɱ̼ϳԵı仯ɫͫʼţܿͫ׾ͱԲΣϸ۲ĻĲ𲢲
һԾʮ׸ߵϣգ۱ʧڡ
Ĵ
ʷٷܿԷ뿪Ҳһְҵȼ15ϵ̿ר񾭷ӦٶһӦú㡣
ҺܲҪ
ʷٷιٵ磬ǵһ˱Ǳ̳أԵõ˵ԼǱ̳ҲƯı̳ء
ŮһͺΣգĻһ˿в
紵
ʣʷٷܣԼһŵˡ
̼˶ԷмֵĶʷٷҲȥһʬ塣ȥŵ˹ִΪĻԭʲͣ࣬ǶԷѪһ˿ʷٷûʵҲû취顣мֵĶӦþǱ̼ߵǸ֮ǡʷٷһʬֻ˱̼ûǮңԵҪ鷳
ûжܿ뿪
·ʷٷһֱ۲ĻңͭҺֲܴڣԲδףɫͭ⣬ʽһ㣬оӨѩ־һʵıɽ
ӦŵڲͨĻҡ
ʽһָһһӡ룬ӡ
˵ŷˮͷйǳһԳ򡣵ڶֽӦطģҵΪԼ90%ңÿһöҵĳɫ޼űӵгĻϵ
ϾȻӡ񣿡
ԭס񲻿ܽûӡڽϣڶԪɲЩͻɱǲҲС
Ǯ·һңӡǾϵոǸΣմ˵ĻΪǡĵطõĻҡжӣһǿĵ۹ôͳһҶǱȻ顣ЩͭҡҺͽڷɫС϶޼жͳһĶλڻϴһԣĳֳȻĴڲſԼԦģҪȻҵĴС϶ͳһ
йĽӴʷٷܶ˽˲١
ӱ̼Ŀָ֪ԼСΪ˱鷳΢ıһԼģҪıһ·ɫˣ΢αװһ¾ͺһӵŵˡ
ԭסߴ󣬱̼ͱʷٷܸ˽ʮ֡
ıɫУı߾;ԲˣΪһսϵı仯ӦġıܷӦԭΪ׼һıԼ㿪˵Ǹû㿪
ߴһƬïܵ־Ϳũ
ֲǺֲ̱е׺͸Ľ壬߲ƷֵһݫģйȵĵطֲũҲ֪ǱĻġȻߣôũӦûƵġĴׯɽկԭľ޽ʣڸڡ;ӣжĵطΣգҪ䱸ˡ
࣬ߴ󣬰𪣬ӥǣձ鳬һװϣһֳףΪѪԭ򣬿ŵ˵ӽ
׿ߵ⣬Щŵ˸ʷٷʼľ˺ơ
Ƕ߳裬ʷٷܶûпկѾ
뿪Ұˣ
Щŵ˷ǳ⣬ƺʷٷΪҰˡߡ⾳֮񣬽ֹկΪܻ˺ǵĺӡ
ֵӷǳԡ
ʷٷ涼һ˿ջˡҲûϵĲƸΪЩƫִŵΪһС͵ֻǳĽӴоŵ˺⣬ͬʱִһӡ
һֱӽʱת
ΪʷٷܿһЩߵ֣ЩƤƫϾĸߵˣѪˣѪҺΪĳЩԭǳɫķ֧ѪߵǻԾطˣǸ˵ĹϵУʷٷܾͿ̶ĴӰˡ
Ԫʷٷ˵ô򽻵ӦþǰˣֻҪ̸ҾƺͲɿܳΪѡ
İһңе갫ˣһѣ첲Ĵȴ̶֣ӵĻۼڳΨһľƵ档
򲢲ѣʷٷ΢ϴһ£Ұ˽룬һͷɱĻǣû̫ΪֻǶթöͭҵǷѡһиʷٷܹȥ࣬˵ʲôͬǾȽ϶һ㡣
ˣǵԴеǴ棬ͫ࣬ߴ󣬴׶ңƤɫ죬ָצβͳһףֱߣҸ塣һ˵Ѫ˵Ѫ忴ź׻Ƕʹ
ŵǺ󣬽˰ͼ
ɭʿĺᣬ뾫֣ϸ޳һ׾ңƤֲڣԱƤһͣ󲿷ɫƤԼ⣬Ÿ࣬Ǵ󲿷ֲסڳ棬ɭ潨ݣܹʹ
ŵ翤󣬽˰ͼڲ
廹һЩٲ޻ŵ˳ƺΪѪ֡ŷǳصԡ
˿ңһ֧˹ģĳӣŵ˹壬صزҩģΪӵзḻݷǶΪҪתվ̶Ӽﲻ
ʷٷڴ̽ݷǵϢ۾һ̱׼ǰС
׼ȥ͵ˣ
ȻѰԭסľޱȷģΪ֪̽ݷǵĴŲٵͭ
ûд͵Ľ󣬲󶼰
ĽǣеԶƺսңΪŵ˵ѹȣһ˹尵вٿ˷ҡƹݸܶ˶ƹǵϷ


009 ̶
ʷٷǻһ·Ȼƹڴ鱨
¾ƹԭסţװƵĺȥʽǹȥĻԻ;һʱʷٷܻ˲õϢԭס۽磬󲿷鱨ڱǣΪ׼ǵ߰ٶ౶Ŀǰԭסе֪ΪϾȣҪһµʱ䣬뻹ûһ롣
õͼעĻĿǰ֪ǻΪϳС㡣
̽ʷٷеʧǵǰĳ̶Ҳ֮СҪȫ̽ôһøճɨҲҪܳһʱ䡣
Ϊһ漶ʦʷٷǡϡģȻϲڳʱдѵĿȥӻʦϵ׷ǲϲ࣬׷ϺףҪͺˡ
겻ռ壡
ƹ۵ƣƾͣûʲôζڸдֲڣҺǣǻһζľҲԭסѵõܣ󲿷СǵһˡѾϰ߶ʷٷܶԼڣʳ﷽򵥵ַûкζۡ͡͵ȵȵĵζϣտξˣݳƷһ࣬ϸǰޱȡ
ݵĹ۲죬ʷٷܺܿԼĿꡣ
һӵ࣬Ͼ֮񣬿ߴ˫ؽҲսʿϾݷǷҩġëƤͽ
һ̶֧ӵ죬ӵʮƣƥޣԼһŮ
̶֧ҪǰݷǽƷϾϡƷͲƥŮ̶ӵܹܣ߸Ͼ֮ߵˣˣ뾫ֺһˣȫϾ֮񣬿Աŵ˾һ㡣ڳӴǻʷٷԽ϶Ǽֳ֡ֲڸ﷢ʱ䣬صĵ˼󣬵ԭ޷֪
ʷٷʾƹŨױĨŮȻͳöԷؿڵ˼䡣
ܿưŮЦŶ˹һӣһһƷЩ˵ǰЦָָʷٷܵλõλǵģ
һʱͶ˹
Ϊ׵üͷ΢壬Աߵ˵һɫһֱʷٷܵǰϾ֮ӽ׶ҲʷٷܸһͷصطϽǣҶ̻Ļ᳤ΪʲôͻȻǺһ
˵꣬´ʷٷܡ
ʰʷٷܿڲһҰˣص۲ƣûκεϼ룬޳ƺûнܹκսѵƤϸŮˣǱ볤ʱŲſһô˵ĳһ㶼ãǹӵܾǸˣ뺷ǹСŻǹӵҲѵϼ롣
Σպܵ͡
жһʷٷܵߺͣʱΣճ̶Ƚ͵ƽ£ġСӡ̶Ļƶ̵ҶԷû
ʷٷܡ
ǰĿӣ΢Цһ˵ʫˡ˵Ҫȥݷǣ·ϲǺ̫ƽ˳·һ³
ȻһḶġ
ʫˣ
ȻǹˣֻǲŻôġ
ΪԼ˵ʷٷվ΢Ц·ǿĻҵԼһӦϣ˳͵ݷǣҾͻԼ뿪
̶Ӿ顣
ҰܶΣգǳ뿪סغ󶼻̽׷ͻӴС̶żҲ׬졣Դ̶ǰͨһöҾ͹ˣҪշѻߡҶ̶Ӿ͸һȺ̣ϾҲбģϾһ·շѸߣ;շѵ͵㣬л̶ͣʱϣ˳糵żҲ·ϵĳҪȥط϶ǽл߸̶ӣһҰжҪʵġ
ʮöҡżϳ
ȷʷٷûʲôΣպЦžƱһ£ȻŷԼλ̶ӻžƱʷٷʾźһڴţƤûиʷٷ̸£ĻⱭǲȵģЩ̶ӻǾḻ֡
ʮö̶ܸӻһݵĻʳ
ǿʷٷǸǮˣǻ߼ۡ
̸׺ʷٷ˸õϢһľʷݣ࣬ŸĲݣСӣ껹ǵĴ涼ǺżݺĽл
ʷٷĵһ졣
ڶһŸѾۼˣ׼ȥݷǷëƤС̣һ˳·ȥ̽ݵĳ񣬻һ·׼ۻС̣ʮˣͷ˻ɣһɷζ
ǮǵŮһŮӡ
صĺ絶̶Ů̶ǲϴģԿ϶ģҲԱƤ׾͸Ѷˡ
黨˺һųǵŮǮȥͳƻǻ˳չҩȥݷ̶ҪʮŵĻôһһġ˶ǸŶ鲽УڳǰʷٷܵߣǱͷ޻ţҪǾ˿ȥ
ִ˶ܲġ
һִͶڵĻѪ֣ʳ࣬ǰշ壬ǣִ֫ͷеϬţѱºͣΪ˱֤޵̶ӳιöֲֹࡣ
սһġ
̶ҪĳԱЩޣҲֻǲܳ;ʹĻר䱸ҽͻϡ
ƺƵһȺǰٶҲܺãƴִʵϼʮ·Ϣŵ˻ܱżʮصëƤߡ̶ӻò࣬һʱ䶼ǣߣΪ˽ʡżе·ŢĵطҪƥȥ
Ϣ˰Сʱ
ǵŮʷٷûʲô㺰ȥԷʳһڹĴӻ⣬̶ӻһ⣬̶ӻһֻһɣ˻Դ
Ϊ̶ӵǸһԣŮҲԱССڵĳԣȻϾ˵Ҳӽһװ壬ɫ۾ܴʱʱ͵ʷٷһۣڶԱߺǲеʧ
ʫȻӢɸʵ̫СҲеˡ
̶ӻǻϻ࣬߶ľȻǸˣƤɫͷ۾ɫݣѾܺܶ˺ᣬûм̳ʲôǳ󣬶ڶصĿԺܸߡ
ϳǾѳΪʿֵ츳Ҳôˡ
˴󲿷ֶܺܶЩѾ˻ѪֻǵĹ廹ŰѪЩϲͨ顣
˶˵Ĵûʲô쳣ӳѾʱһ̶ںϡ


010 ͵һ
̶ӻ絽ݷǡ
ҪҰ¶ӪڽӽʱһƬϿȣҵطϢȻ󺰹һߵ˷Ը⸽ǿȥһ£Сĵˡ
̶ӵĻƼ˽ڳһªĳ󣬸ӵ̸æͣڣ϶ȳԱ˲ſʼԶǵŮźɫƤĴﲹԸڵݷǺòˮʳΣЩҪ͹ȥЩһ㡣޾ϸó̶֧ӵĺģǱֻһĴְˡ
һӱӴ
޵Ƕʱɫһ䣬Ͽɭߣŵ¿ˡˡɭչˣ
һֱõͻȻվӰԱǳڣ̶ӻҲɢ˾ۼ棬ǵŮе㵣ģܿԸ˶㵽档
ʮӺǵ˵Ӱͳˡ
ʼȥ̽һˣ˻¶ѪȫǱ˵ģһһʬ߰˵ϡ
һˣһˡ
ΪϿɭ˽ʬӵϺ󻹳ŵǿʬһĭޣǿ
ı鲻мƺǿûκκøУͬһ塣
ƹȥæ˿ڣǵŮȥ˼԰̶ӻ࣬϶ǵ
ǰϢһǲ˲ϵѪһͳ
ʷٷ޺۲һУҪԭסӵи˽⣬һ̶ϰģǣŷԭס򽻵ܿ죬ʷٷܾҪʼ׼ָԼһʵҪõ鱦ƽʯȵȵĲϣ϶Ҫ˴򽻵̶һʶݷһҲռ鱨ԺԭסжڻƸȻòƸȡϡвϡ
Ŀǰûʦ
ʷٷܳжǵħ󲿷ǻֶ츳ѪսܸûбģԪسϫйءΪֹΣյĿǾȺ׶ɵļ˾ʷԭסȫѹʷٷȥ磬ǵʵĿǰǸְҵȼ12ϵսʿѾСBOSS
ϵʼı̳ŮʿսʿഫְҵӦв١
һҹƽ
̶ӵڶͳԼʱݷǡ
һĽӴҲʷٷ̶ܸ֧Ӳٽ飬ֻ뿪ǰǵŮһк˵ط͸ܵæֻҲŰݷý׵Ķ󣬻˶æ
ݷһŽӽʮ˿ڵĴУϰٸׯ
û˺˵Ļѳʮϰ˿ڵĴСĹ嶼ΪݷзḻĿԴĿڹײ㡣ŵ˺ϲʹūݷǵĿгǧūս
бɽǽʮףٶ꣬ͳǻٲһ͵ŵ˹壬Ű塢̱أ塣
ݷǵĽƫʽۻׯصĸо·ƽʯ·ֻľ㳡Ȫʮ׸ߵĴʯܣڳһһԲʽСͱֲ˽˻԰ֻŵסһǽڳǺӸеȫףߴһɫʿŵӵоұɣǶԴϿԿڵԺͽ
ôطʷٷҲòŵȷʵ潾ĵ
ǵĳиɾ룬ˮи߼ˮΰŵ˷ǳӰʯΰĽȫʹôʯ޽ġ
йĵ̣ΰ׳ŵ˵ǻۡ
еĹһе漸һˣҵ·޽ƶߣٵó洦ɼ̶ӣʽڱ鲼ķζǣۻĳˮζֱŵֻܹڽеİ취ά࣬ͬʱƶ޽һǽ۲Ϊİ취άе棬еŵ˹嶼῿ƶߵķΧ
壬ˡ뾫֡ѪҪжܵϸ̲顣
㳤ŵˣôʶһ¡
ȻֻǶݵĽӴʷٷܿԸоŵԶԺк˵ʷҪƬϽһ۹Ļô۹ŵ˽ġ
Ѿǡ翤ٶȻ嵫ǽǻ

·ϿһУʷٷܱѾоŵڱƲɵ
һиû̫ĹϵҪȥŵ˵ǽǣݷӵзǳḻĿԴѶԶطҸഢߡֲŴССʮʢͭЩŵ˹ΰѳΪǵ׳ṩʽ
ʷٷҪȥ͵
ѾǵһθˣҪԴǳӴ󣬶ԭʼʽĻۿ϶ҪͨһЩǳֶΡ
Ҫĵһǿ
ŵرﻹŻƽ𣬻ٲǳ֮⣬Ŀи࣬еĿǴģƬصĿΪḻ
ʷٷҪһ°ȫء
ȻͨһֱĿǰȱٵǻƽСŵƤ͵͵ɽ


011 ͵󣨶
ݷǵĿλϲһʮ󳡡
ȿɵѾսݽߣŵ˹Դ˵ͶҲ𽥼٣ɵתƵ·ֵĿϡˮƽ￪ɴ¶ǳֻа˲㹻ʱͼһֱڵصʷٷѡĿһӽݽߵλúܽҼûʲôҲȽϻõı˷ԼټȻ͵ôȻԽ͵Խá
ȷֵ¶󣬵ſԽԽ𽥱ŵ˷ˡ
ͶͿȫʱŵūҲ᲻ӵˡʷٷתһȦʲô˻ڸһͽλڿӣʮ׾ͷˡ
Ϊȫ۰׹ǣ
ŵ˷ǳϲʹūɿ󣬶ūڲɿĹܴⱾǷǳΣյĹ
ʷٷֻڱڵϰپߵʬǣҲ֪һƬɵĹе˶ˡкصϢûڳã濪һ»أ仯пֱ顣
뻹һɽȸڣʱһͨ
ʷٷѡһȽεĵطϱһƬɭ֣汻Ⱥɽסˣϲ˹
㹻ϵ£ʷٷܵȻһôڿӣõǽʽڣ׼õĴʯש裬ֱһֱͨ
ڶڲһ򵥵طӡǣĻصٴ»ڵΪʮףΪԵʣΪ˷ֹʷٷӹһǽڣڿԼƽףһңһңһֿ⡣ôʯذ裬ҾʹľõѣΪָ˲٣һֻ˲ʱ䡣ʦռ֮һǡճǡͽߣһ»ضʷٷֻͨճ
ڽһ»ʱʷٷܶڻ˴ĴʯԴ
ɵڶ»صĳʱʣ࣬ڳѷֲɵͨʯ򴢴ռ档
æһеʷٷ뿪˵£׼ǰݷǲɹʡ
ʳˮҾߡװƷȵȡ
»ڷǳĿտʷٷܾ򵥲һ£ԼĻ
ݷǻӡ
ʷٷܵʱе㲻ͬƺһ˿ŵϢȫ׵ҲԱˣ˵̲ࡣƺеƹݷǵĳҵĴš
ƺ鷢
ʷٷ룬ԼҲûʲôϵûҪȥᣬĿǰҪռԴȻһճǡ˳Ļöɫڸճ棬ΪȷطϺ󻹲ܴԼԼʷٷܸоöɫбǿо͸Ļп׵ǰδеĸ߶ȡݷǵһЩ뿪Ƿǳ¾սңʷٷҪĶȽӣʳζϡ졢ͷƿӵȵȣĿǰõϵһȥ
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ص»غ̱ǶֲԼķ䣬ϼ軨̺ޱͷʳڷżҾߡ
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ʷٷ˯ĴϣԿڽ׵Ķëͷڤ룬һ˿ϢܹùЩƾɵıӣŵɢùζĴ̣Լʭӡ
һҹ޻
ڶʷٷһ磬ˣεԼǰ顣
ʱ˽о֣߰ᷢûӦŭ߰λʦҴ߼ġħ򡿡ʱʷٷҪܻܵõģֻҪճϵġͿˣǿԶƳħ򡿡ôĻʷٷܿܵǧ׷ȫճھסʮƽҲûһ
ʷٷȻ±ȽϾԼĵߣѡ־ܡ
޾֮·Ȼʱˡ
ȻȽԭʼû߰ĸ棬ʷٷԼԺܿ
ŵ»һͨĿӵΪѾ˿ɹԵʣʷٷڵٶȱȽÿһαøı̬ӹһ£ҪΪ˷ֹںķһʱܿͨ˿󾮣رĿԴ࿪ˣŵ˹һûзµĿǳѾӿûʲôֵʷٷҪڵ£ڻ˵ʱķֲʷٷܱѡһλü̽һǴֱӣֱӿһƽ׵Ŀ󶴣;ӣһ·˴һҡ
Ȼ
ŸӷḻԴЩƷʱһʱصĸߡ
ʷٷܵ㿪ʼÿһһ˿˿ԪҲ֮塣ЩڵĿﶼԪر仯ĲʷٷܿԴһ˿Ԫ֮һ˿Ҳ٣Ǽܲס̫ࡣʷٷÿڳһλʯ൱һͽʦ1СʱڤĳɹܹڵϡеĿôһ൱ʦһڤ롣ϧֻڵµĿЧһɳϵԪѸɢˡ
֮⣬ʷٷܻĹһ˿Ԫر仯ʱ
Ϊһʦʷٷܹʦʮϰٱ˽ҪҲӴʵҪԪѱ䡿ΪԪر仯ķӦԽңܹյķԽǿ
ʺ϶ڻ󡣡
ֻʱ䣬ʷٷҵȼѾҪӽ3ɿõ൱ʦڤһĳɹ
ĿǰʷٷܵҪĿǸճǣһճҪĵĸǷǳ˵ġһճǣвļֵҲԼǧöңճǵĺĹҪǽʣȫֻöңʮöңʮöͭҡעճǵսԼֵ൱һģʮǼҪӵ̬ϵͳƯǧꡣ
ǰĵһҪܡ
ʷٷһ⼸ջһ˼ţܿԱԼֲԼսȱݡȻܿԽ๤ԼڿԴϵЧʡ꾧ʯ滹취
ҪڻһǧλԺ졢󳵺͸¯
׼ȥһʣȻһݵ󣬽ű㿪һͨȥܲڵƽǱ߾¿󾮶м๤϶ҪΣնˣʷٷĿǰֻ3ʦܹȥ͵ҪǳСĲС


012 ͵
Ա߾ɭ֣ʷٷܲһľģȻһͷҰ¹
ڽ»صٶ䳯ڵλȥĿǰڻѾвˣҪһԼĵһ̺ۡ
ΪЭ۹ʱʦǻϰʱʦ֮֡Ȿһ0ĸϷ5-10塣ʦط̺۽ӡ棬ǿΪһġ֮֮֡ĿǰĿ̺ۼΣһҪʹð֮󱻳Ϊ֮I͡ǡ֮֡ڶҪʹôĻƽ֮󱻳Ϊ֮II͡ǡƽ֮֡һֻڽ澳ԺһβҪʹõʯ·֮ǽ֮ɳȵȵϡвϣҪӡһٶʮߵ̺ۣճ͵ָֽ֮ȣڽӽļޡ
ֱ֮ƺΪ֮֡ҲһЩʦΪŮɱ֡
ʷٷſһ·ǰڣΪ˱˵ĲѡҪʮҡݷǵĿԴḻȻſսݽߣŲٵĿʷٷһʱڵ·ȽʧĺܵͣЩûпɵļֵʹòСؿλѾԼϷɿʱ
óһ֧Ѳϣżʱȴڡ
ܿ죬ں뿪˿ӣʷٷڡȻܿڵĺ12%ҡ
ʮ߳Ĭ
Ϊ˱⾪ʷٷܲòԼʩչһС
ȻҲûйǣǷڿķʽΪԵı̬һһ׵Ŀʯḻ϶ѾʷٷҲԼֱ̽ӾǷֵĿڡЩĺĻƽʷٷÿһλĿʯһ˿˿۵Ԫ壬ͽյԪԶԶ󣬲һĹ;ԼҪͻƵ4ʦˡ
һϵʱ䲢
ʷٷ͵͵ڽӽٸλɫѾˡ
һƬǽ壬мֵ󶼱ڳˣʣĶһЩﺬϵûʲôֵķϿ󡣱ѾڿˣĿ̽ҲҪѲٵʱ䡣һϵʱ䣬һ˾ͰĿǰڷֵڿˣҪǻɵĻ͵̽ˡΪöȽϴݷǵĹ϶죬ʷٷܲò뿪ǰһЩ֡
ıʣ̬
ʷٷڿ󶴵ǽħӡ̣Ųһʽطӡǡ
ȵ·صµͨҽ˰ȫ̱Ǽĵķġź¡¡ľӺ󷽴ļ๤һѺһȺһȺĿū׼ʱǰĿ󾮾ǰˣ
һȺ˿ݵĿĿɿڴΪʲô컹úõĽһˡ
ʬ𼣡
ȵЩԭסЩʷٷ뿪ˡ
ص»صʷٷܸеǳãһϵջ̱ǿʼ
ʦ𽥻ָʹõ̺Ҳ࣬Ͼʹõͽߣͨ¯ٶҲô졣ڻ˰ʱʷٷʮİҵĻƽ
취һ͸¯
ʷٷҿǰͽߣ¯ƲƲЧʵ̫ˡʹøħҲ˷ѡ
һڷ˹̨ϡ
ʷٷܰγһСƽĸһ˿ɫĹâеĻƽ𽥽˽ɫҺ塣
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ʷٷҧָüһ㣬һδһ˿ɫѪüģžĻһɫĻ渡֣ŵĻ𻨡˿̵ʷٷɫ԰ףСؽע˹̨ϵڣһ˿˿ɫĹâ֣̺۱ڷŵİ̱㿪ʼڻ
Ȼڵʵʹ֮𻹺ǿҪбĸ֮ͺˣ
֮һ׺ǽ壬ӵзǳ߶˵Ķ칤գʦѧϰּɣ˼֮İ취
һİڻˮ
ɫĻ治Ծˮ𽥼ٻˮŨʣʷٷһŽ˫ֱУһ貵ɫ⸡֣ʷٷܵ˫𽥸̺ۣĵѾӡֱϣŸˮʽӴ˲両ֹâһ˿˿ħӿ˫֣ڵˮ𽥼٣ɫĻʷٷԾֻʣһʷٷܵһ˿ɫĹʮ˵̺ѪⲢճʧֱϡ
ɹˡ
ʷٷܻһָһöָתһӰָȱȹȥ˽һ


013 
ʱת۹ȥ죬ʷٷٶ뿪»ȥݷǲɹʡ
һʷٷҪɹĶܶࡣ
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ȥݷǵոӽˣڳرҲѲӡ̶ܶӶǰ뿪ˣҡ˴˵ݷиˣǵѾͼƷٲͳΣû뵽ٲǰɱΧҹĸۡ˵Ϊ׵ĹѾˡĿǰݷǵҷɣô˵öУ˵ҵĹһλĶ˵ķˣٲʵɫŶֵģ˵ֻھƹݺΪ
ԭסʷٷᣬʣµǮɹ˴ʺܿ뿪
ݷǵľƵΪ˱鷳ʷٷֱӷص»ء

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һСӻѪĻڻһĸŮǵһȺ׷ľӣΪ׵һߴĶ׳ֱۺƳ˵ĴȣԴϹͺͺֵİ̺ۣһشٰĳսͨ޷ʹõģһλӿ㽫Ļնϣǹһ˿ѪЦɫ̰㣬ⲢǴֵ࣬ǻѪİˡ
ŷܽСߣ
һ꽣ʿŵˣΪƤǳɫģһѪߵˡ
סǡ
ǵ׷ѾǳӽˣһĸŮܲ죬ȥܿͱ׷ϰΧסȡʱ䡣
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ڶò̧ͷǻĳȹմཬҲڸǲס޵òбһСĸŮ϶Ǿֲûǰò˿ڣ˹رǻֳ˹ޡ
Ǵŷ˺ܽСǰά֮ɭסλܹŵٲĶݣᱣ˺Сİȫ
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˹صɣԱߵһʾ⣬˱㱧СԱߵŷܡٲ׷ѾǳӽˣǱӵά֮ɭ㰲ȫ
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һŵʿǰޱطɢΧ˹
˿߰ܽС뿪
˹صͺһսӭǰĶȥǸߵʿҲֻܹѪ־˽֡
е㱵ò˴˿˹Ҳ֪ԵĸһѱСŮǳź󷽷ĳ֧һĹӲԲսʿٶȱܡܵľٵˣԼԼǰĲҽɭŴĵͰľŵ̵ľܿ컮˻ȹڰۻֱۺʹһĿĵѪۣǰĹ˴˿̺ƸֻǽСŮڻƴܡ
һ˿Ѿǰ

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׼»صʱһЩֵ춯ɭڴű㿴һͷɢŮ˱һСŮɭ˳
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ûĸŮŮֻϣԷܹӦĺߣҲôһ˿ӳϣ
˵úأ߶Զˡ
ά֮ɭʷٷ̯̯֣Ŀ˶ԷľϣԷȻཬһĴָʯҫ۵Ĺâմཬȹ¿ԿһĨزƺŵĹˣҡҡͷźҲ֪ġ
Ů˼ʷٷܵĿԼؿڣҲ㽫ϵʯݹȥ㡭㡭ҵŮ뿪
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ʷٷܵǰƾոֳһľ鵲ס˷Ķìڿ½½߳ʿüͷһŮˣιŮˣЩ˿ſɲǿȻŮ˴򽻵ͱħС
ȻԤеĵ˲̫һʷٷܼȻѾ˱꣬Ϊʦְҵǻǡ
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ʷٷŮ˵ܻһȦֱԼֵؿ̺ۣ̱ƾճһʯ齫ĸŮΧֱӸݶˣʷٷڵʵҲûָ٣ս϶˶Է
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Ѿ˺ڰѾʯͷΧˣʷٷ¶һֺ˻ȥϣ
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ʷٷܵǰ׷ɭֵĵҲһ˿ܿǱѵصİΧ˹Ϊ׵ĶЦ벻ŵٲȻйӶʦȥҪʩ˶࣡Ƕ֣


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ɲǷʷٷ̯̯
ԶʮѸٱƽĵˣһС졢ơɫķĩģЩɫĩѸٻһȭͷ߲ʹĹǿһ۱˸оͷۻ·Ӿʰ쵵ĹĻ֮Сʷٷܳǰһ֣ĵ߲ʹʱ߲ʹ߷ɫʰ쵵Ĺ߱仯һЩ˵ܼ˲һЩ˵ֻǿһ±ͷĿѣ嵽ʷٷǰʿʱҡҡλΣͨͨһһĵ¡
ǷʷٷЦЦϵķȻܺá
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ݵ˵ĻϵķɲͬЧʷٷ˵κηܷӳΪʱȻʵ𣬿Ǵйȥĳħɻڡոյʩֻʹʩ϶ûΪԭյķ˲ڣȻ˲ʹãôȻ͸ͷЧĳħҲͬʹáڴеĳħ֪ʶɻãⲻò˵һϢ
ýⳡĵսˡ
ʷٷܲϲսսĶһȺԭסʹԼ־СĻⳡս
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μɵ3
ǰһ߲䷨ЧĵˣʷٷܾƣһŽһŰܷɵļЩʷٷİɵӵǰ˵ϣ˲䱬İĻͺһӵֱӽ˴ǧٿסɵɵ˺е˵Ч͸ӵһֻӵ棬ʷٷϲսʽǵصĵĻûԷ
㶨չ
սʤһȺԭסûʲôɾ͸Уʷٷܿһǰ»ѪĶһСͷĿֱӱʷٷһĻAOEˡΪǿľ˻ѪֶһӲû͸ǱһѪһ߶϶ٲȿȡŹǵġ
ʷٷԶʱüͷֱ̧һɵ˶ԷԴϣϲˡ
̫ϲԭסĶ
ڿ˿һƬǽսʷٷܻǾʰһ¡
һСӵĵ˻ʲôǶԷеĻٲһ֧ӣڿɲ뵥ԭסľӡ
ʷٷܵսʽƫһոİĻƴȫֻ·ˡһٸµԭסʿԶԸĿͱȽѰ졣ʦ˺սƽƱˣǱ˺սƽơ
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ʷٷڵ˵ʬҵ72öң126öңоԼ뽨һճֽһСС
ڴеĺۼȷ˶׷ٺʷٷԼʯͷһĸŮÿ˴ʯʷٷЦŶԾɪɪĸŮˡ
Ѿȫ㶨ˡ

Ų˱Ůʷٷܵ
ǰĵͻȻֿ¶һʱϲֹĸֳ֮ɫΪҪ޵ݷѾˣû˵ɽ߻һλʦˡ
Ĵʯһ·¡
Ų˱ŮһȳһյߣʷٷҲûжְæ˼ͿѵŲŲ
ݷǸҹӣʷٷͻȻˡ
ŮŲԶʱʧҵɷûңǼֻǸǱЩһжǻٲıݺΪ˶ȡ
˵⣬ŲͻȻͣ
ʷٷ̧ͷһۣѾƭһΡҲϣеڶΡ
Ҳûƭ㡣Ų˵ҧгݵǾһȺɳܵǿҵɷŵٲݷӵһƬأϱһڿɵҲȷٲΪʲôݺǣ϶Ǳ߷ֵؽйء
ǰʱɷͻȻҪˣ˵Ǳ߿ɳһּϡаĽȻƽʯֵǮ
Ȼҵɷ㱻ΪߣٲֱɱΧ˸ۡͿжûбɱҵɷ򣡡
ϡаĽ
ڷֵģ
ʷٷܵɫʱһ䣬е㼤ڷֵģûмϡн
ûСŲҡҡͷҧؽƺǳϡ٣ӷʼҵɷᵽ˿סһֱûлٲɱ˿ڵˣǲرȻΪ˵õֽݺǵġ
ȻǰʦͬҲںֽΪ˱ٲҲҪй¶ȥ
Mithril
ʷٷܵĳһ֡
ܹݷǵͳ߲ϧһҲҪȡĶһǵڣôǷ
Ϊּ䰺ϡеĽʷٷһȺ
пΪİʳ֣һֻᷢڳֹԪسϫڡгųɵĿǰҲֻӴԭסͳ߲ϧһд۶ȡʷٷܵɫЩ

ֻҪΪˣôƬԲ̫١
Ķˡ
ճǰޱȵۺ̶ܴϾΪҪõ༫䰺ϡеĲϣøճĺĲھҪõֻҪٷܶʮʱ䡣
Ϊ˵ԭס壬ǰҲһ


015 ıһ
ɵٶȺ
˵ԭס񣬾ǰ۹ҪһҲҪĴٲǶȡ˿Ҳڲ٣ĹҪߵʷٷܻʱȥıһС
ûκΰʦԾܾʷٷҲһ
ΪͬλԪأıԼΪͳɪʱо棬ǵؿԪĲֻڱԪسϫ絮ֽϡٵȴֲ㷺ϳֹԪسϫ綼еǺȴֶֻͣ̽⵽ֽǡۣëʵȻΪ̣ɽӽһ롣ļֵ侪˵չԺ͵ħԣԶɫܼΪȶħװʹǧõȻġ
ʵͼʹ÷ʽԪ̵ĺϽǣ
һճҪʹôڸջװáԪװõȵϣǲȱٵϡвϡʮصԴｻһصĻƽ𣬵ʵֵҪһڣ
ɪʱڱΪɪʱָþҪԡ
Աߵķˮأȹȥϴһ°ɡ
Ųһ࣬ģ쳣ǱбŵСŮ๸СӡʷٷһԼ·ǰŮӦòŵˣ߸һңԷͿŸϷˡĸŮڶһཬ˵ͷճһϻŴѪž͸һȫû˿Ϣ
ܴĻͽʹһ£ܵĻ·첹һ¡
ʷٷóһСһߣһ룬ȻóһСߵ˹ȥˮԱһɫİťȥͻȣľëעϵ˿ڣһǴһ¡
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ȻûṩȶԪ¯ڵʷٷܻǲһЩ򵥵
Ų˱ŮС߽Աߵķ䣬Ե÷ǳǳտһٶƽ׵ķھֻһˮأԱ߷ľмɫëŽ׵Ĵʯ΢е㻬ˮرߵǽмťСذ»ɫť̸оˮ¡ĹһֵԲβ淢͵İ׹⣬һже˼飬ļƺδ˵ʦϲסڵ¡
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óʱɼĲҩֻԼָѪȥѪлһ˿ɫҩˮкܿ컯
ռϸɮһ
ԼǰСʱŲ˱㱧żϴŮ˳ʰһºŶʱĿ࣬زҵģеС￴ҲӶһɰС򡣵ܿϧʷٷֻɨһ۱㽫ӵ˹ȥ
ʷٷҼһ˵ġŮˣܱڿ˼𣿡
Ų˵ıЩԥܿӹȥһں¡
ǰλʦ˵Ҫʲô޷һĳʵ̫ˣѾеˡҩº̱оӿһů˿ԼԼЩ̲סҪץһ¡
ڵľ״̬ܲ
ʷٷĵһóһЩͿ˹ȥߵңбõı졣ǳ궫Ⱥú˯һлҪ㡣
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һҹʱܿȥ
Ų˵ڶʱΪһоһجΣǰһиⲢΡ
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ף
Ųʱȵؿ˿ԼֱۺʹȣƿСؿһ۳˯Ů˿ڣһìȲһ˿ڣѾʧ̺۶û¡
˼ʦˣŲ˳˼૵
ȻΪεԭ޸ŵٲô˵ɷڻٲУĻ󲿷ûа滹ǽһΪһͥɳŮԣŲʱȫһ뵽ľܹܲλʦ˵ԼԼһСʣŵټ屻ΪߺغͲƲᱻѸٹϷ֣ά֮ɭλҲʱӻĸŮǿ϶ΪǶԿͳݷǵĻٲ
ʦ˲ͬѾֳ˶ǴǿȤ
ҲǸᡣ
Ų˵ͷԼŮ¿ɰСɴһ˿֣·εʲôµ顣



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»ںܿտ
ŲתһȦûпʷٷܵӰССֲʮ䣬ڷƷһ޴ķڷʣŲ˼еʦͬ沢ûʲôϡŹֵĲϣһһذڷŽľͷʯͷҲûд˵ʦɭɭĸоÿ䶼ĻѺ͵ƾߣ˳Ⱦʮָɾ⻬Ĵʯƾһ
Ȼλֵʦ˲ڣŲ˲û뿪뷨
ٲͳݷʮ꣬Ůһ뿪ܿϾͱץҪ֪̬Ⱥÿɲ٣֪ǻٿµ顣
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֪ʱʷٷܵӰŲ˵
մͺǸմӿʷٷܴһָ̱ǸɸɾŲ˳Ծı飬΢Цһ㲻۵ķʦûʲôþȡ
˵꣬ʷٷ´ǰŮ壬ü˵˵ɡ
Ų֪˵һоܹܲǰʦİһԼһǰҵɷŵٲͻȻҼڿƵһЩȻƽʯӰϡеĽ
ˡŲ˺ʲô֮ǰΪĲһֱߣҵɷؽӸߵذǱ߹Ӷһλʦ̽Ҫɸ󡣡
Ƿλ˴ʦ󲻾á
֮ҵɷһֱܼθŵټ彫ΪݷǿĹ塣ǵڶ磬ʹһӼʿǰԺҾҲûмˡ
½½˸͹ţ˵һжҪܣڿһʱ䡣
˵⣬Ų˲¶һ˿Цû뵽Ǿһμ档ٴε֪ϢʱٲѾɱռ˿ͨҵɷ翹ܿҵļ㱻ݸǵ߹ᣬгǣڶɱΧ˸ۡڻƴ½ӳűʦˡ
ʷٷüͷ૵жô죬ıѾˡ
󿪲ɱȽѡ
ʷٷҪĻֱռ죬ô͵ǿ϶еġΪͶҷǳɢڿҲֻܲɼʮʮҡ
һǰֹŮ壬ִ֪ˡǿʱסѾڸ̽ʲôηȥ˵
Ŀǰʷٷܵʵûָ١
ҪԿһһеԭס壬ʷٷҪָ7ʦϵʵǸʱһħܱԼڵʷٷܲŸոսӽ5ʦʵǰŮ˵вСֵģԽ˳ռ󣬲ͨԭסԼռϵĻôһճǵļƻԻӿࡣط͸Ź죬ʷٷûԱʵǰֱӾԭסĶС
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ЩʦǸݼѪѡѧͽǶԴͨ˽һԲԣ



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ʦͨ˶ʩϵְҵߵͳƣʦϵϲʦϵҲϲʦʿϵʦɪʱʦ׶ͳһáʦΪڻֻʩڲŪԵɡʦϵĶҪȽϸߣʦҪѧҼĴԣʿϵԴѪ;Ԫؾӵкǿ׺ϵڲԪز֪࣬Ȼʩ
ʵһ㣡
Ų˿еʦ֯廷ʿʩߣһԳϵչһʦ
ÿʮ꣬廷ͻǲʦǰƬ½ѡгΪʦǱʵѧͽѡϵǴӸصĹѡȻŻȡһֵͨ˲ԡ󲿷ʵѧͽǴӹ淢ֵģȻʿѪǱܲԣΪŲ˵ĿûʵǾԲܳΪʦġ۹ʱڷʦѧͽ׼Ϊˣһǧܳһѧͽһܳһʽʦ廷ÿʮƬ½ѡҲֻҵʮѧͽʿѪļ̳Ϊˡ
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ʷٷܵһƬȣ૵طչһ۹ʱڶδɹĵ·
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ʷٷܵļУʿҲֻʿһϵſ԰쵽ʿһֱǷǳϡٵģʦ֯϶һرʽʿϵѪսʿǡ
Щ磬ʦϵԷʦΪû뵽ȻʿΪʦ
ʷٷͬҲʿʩߣҲ˵ҲܹͬաʿʦȻӵǿ츳ѧϰ·ٶȻǳҲ֪ʦ֯ûнһ㡣
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ڶԪ׵аӪԹʿа

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ףʷٷƳһǰСŮͻȻȵʲô֣ˣ
ŲСؿʷٷܣŮڻСܽոꡣ
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ոյһ˲䣬ʷٷǰСŮϸоһ˿΢ħʿѪľסһ£ǱʵʿഺڷʱѣûߵĻ½ʿΪʹ츳һЩֻš󲿷ֵʿʱ14ңٲʿѪǿҴ̼ǰѣڷǳҵ£ʿѪѵʱпܴǰ
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ǰŲᵽԼһóΪʦôļڲʿѪԴͷ
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Ų˽ŵؿһС
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ΪʲôͻȻˣòԼѪҺǰʿɣ
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Դӳȡһ˿ѪʷٷҲ̫ȷԼкα仯ҪһʵԼѪҺвԡ


018 ıģ
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һǰλһƽ棬Բεϱǵءˮ硢Ԫͨеؿǽṹ
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ǵġŲ˻һʦʮֻĹùһǰ˺ϿǱߡ
ʷٷԶʱ
Ƭ̧̣ͷ֪һжҡǻٲ顣
̸һֱҹ
ȵŲ뿪ʱʱѾ賿ԺʷٷܵıеأΪоԼҪʦˡ



019 սһ
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ٲЩֵ̿վŴµӰĸˣʦǡ
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Ůɫ԰ױ龪ޱȣ૵һֻһ׵Ұʦô赲Ĺ
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ʷٷܿƬĳӶʱоͷƤ飬૵ʦδҲ̫˰ɣȻʲôϼ
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020 ս
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ʿʩҪ츳ѪϣѪҪվˡʷٷʩĹ̶ûУֱӱ˷ŷǳԪز츳ʦ
ЩȥĳӣŮӲɸеޱȣЩҪռӵ׳ϼһʱ䣬Щ񾭵ľ綾ʷٷһͽˣǶ˼ʱͿɱһӵʿܶܵ׶סЩѪ棬һɵϰٸսʿԸܶǿʦҲ
ˡŮ¶һ˿ݵı顣
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Ĵʯ鵲ʷٷܵǰ⻬ʯѾѺۣͺǱײ˲˼顣

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021 ս
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ҲãʷٷҪһƿصӡ
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029 ȡ壩
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ĸӽһװңƤϸ壬˫޳ʵϸ֫ΪżõԣΪŵѪͳĹϵزҲĲһĻ϶һòĹŮкø̬Уܿϧȿ˹ʷٷܣ͵ѧԺʦѧԺʩߣżҪһĵʱҲʾԷԼ
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ʷٷٶϲĶ棬˿̽ƻϺЦݵѾ˸޶塢塢жȵȣһݷǹҪԱǶԴ˶ʾֻ֧֣Ҫ¿ԶԸٲȫԽǡ
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ٲֻһʿԭסʵֻ൱10ϵսʿʷٷӵгʮϵİ취Խ֡Ŀǰû漶սʿֻҪͻƴʱ䣬ôûʲôõĵġ
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030 ȡ
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ٲڻ谵粻ɳƵسԱߵûйĸ˵Ϣ𣿡
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һƬ˷ܵĴʮʿ£һӶȫװʿѸٳŸȥ


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ӰһǻƤ֣ʷٷԭģмƣණֵƬ·Ϸǳ
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Ѫߵ˵᲻ԼĪʮӣ˿һ߸·һߺʵʲôӵģиɽкд𣿡
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ĸߵԳĬСΪϹажйа鼮¼Ƿǳǳ¶Σյ
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صؿ˿գ·Խ˿ռע£ǵġ
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ԳǻҴ֮ʦѰѰİ취Ψһϣ
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УѪҲѧߡ
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Ѫߵ̧ͷĿ𽥼ᶨʦġһ᲻ϧһдЭ㣡壬ҷģ
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ݷǡ
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ѾеˮĲйϱڵ£ϲƶ޷ʷٷһʱ䲻κլŪô޴İӡɳȥһЩϢֻ֪ٲûбУӳլ˴ɱһ֧ǿṹɵļʸ˻ٲĸλŷḻսǿ߱ڰֱӻɱ
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ϲɫ࣬һ֪ˡúð
ƵϲĵλŮΪ˻͸ٲĹϵ޸˶Էĵܵܡ
һŮһݷǡ
ϲзŭȴû̫ıˣĿڶãԭ⻹в˸ʮŮҹһл˼δʮݷǵͳȨֻһŮϲʧ̬

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һǵгؾηݷǵϢѾѸͻٲļѾ군ˡݷǳϲУʣٲڹڳǱ翹ֶӣԼͨԻٲΪСĿǰ֯õѾıɱŵٲҵ˽ԲֶζȡزƸȵȣصľǡıɱ塯һûٲļٲ
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032 飨һ
ڡ
ʷٷǰǱȡħ飬вټصķᣬ˵ɺϵĻδɺϵĵطҲ̫ˡͬʦִͬķ鷢ĸʵߡһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǱʵǸͬһԴͷԲŻôƵķ
뵽ĳЩؾм¼һѧɡ
ڰ۹ǰ⵽ѧʦķ𣬶ҪԭΪѧɵʩǸһʷٷоӷ飡
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ɪʱ֮ǰǿʦǱѾʼǼֳЩʱ档ʷٷҵ߰ᣬǵԴͷǳ԰۹ɪʱļ̳ߣϧսܣҴĴʦǴһĸճǴʱʷٷ֮ǰ档ȻǷͬһ߰ͬҲִΪǵеһΪֻǴ˾ϵϣʵڵǸޱߵڲ
׿һ⻰ʷٷǿҵֱΪӦǸѧİͬһԴͷҸݱʦϵķ䡢аתнɵİǵԴͷпǵġѧɣ
һʦΪǼа񡢽ɡΣյķѧɡ
ԴͷǵġѧɣôͿԽΪʲôǻ˶ƵķΪʲôŮɡаΪʲôһʦѧͽ϶䣬Ϊʲôʦƫزо
ѧɵʦڷǰصУеԭǴһЩ鶼޿κεϹа
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Ŀϵý飬Թ顢ķֱ˺Էزв
Ŀǰ˵߰Ҳûйѧɵ֪ʶֻϼ¼һЩǿаӵСЩ׵ʵԻдףϾʷٷܶ˽Ҳޡ


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ʷٷҿ첽ź԰˹ȥԱߵʹѸÿ컹ЦȻĹŮѾһ߱ʬ壬Ƥ԰촽ϣͫԷŴ󣬱Ϊ֣·ǿʲôǳµ顣
ϲûʲôԵ˿ڣֱֻλڻ԰ֲµ΢ۣʱӦþһǰ
վԱߵׯ԰Ĵܼңʷٷ΢΢ɫѿ֪ʲô𣿡
ոռȿ˹Сʱúõġ
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ׯ԰ֻһطԵĸǾǴܼҵסʦʵǷǳΣյģԭסʦ͸ӹаˡʷٷԼоŮǱĳаĶȡˣͬʱĶ븺ڱʱƿ־Ч
ĳ̶ֳϣȿ˹СԭǱģ
ܼɫѿޱȣƺ֪ų̾һҶһ򲮾


033 飨
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ʲô˵ȿ˹СûнʷٷԼԼоһ˿ΣյϢ
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ЩҩĲЩʷٷҿǻħ˵ħϼ¼ļХĢƶ˵ᷢԷȿ˹СԭܿΪӴƵĶ
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ʷٷܿͬʱҲʷٷܣŹЦһעʷٷһͷܼҵĺ󾱡
ʷٷȡ֮ۡǰĻҲɢһķʱʵĶܼҴ˿̾ͷʷٷֱضе൱ĲĪ;úһƬȫ亹ֻһʦѧͽʷٷ÷۲쵽飬֪ʷٷѾµ˵ʲôΪԼҪõĶջǾҧ
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һİ⸡ڴܼҵġ
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մֻܼ̾һ˻ȥ
ħֲпܱɵģһʼ׼ӦֶΣ˿Ѫ޵ķͬʱһֿɱİ취
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ѪѾܾˣѾҪջʱ򡣻ħﶼоܼҲ֪ɱȿ˹СģɹǰٵôŬʵڲġ
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ϵȿ˹Сʱ򶼻úõģ˭֪ȻͻȻ顣
ʷٷҴֱʰ뿪˽Ϫׯ԰Ŀǰݷǻе㶯ңŵټԱٲɨ̫ɾȥҲе㲻ȫֱӷ˵2ŵ»أźϲܰѱߵׯ԰

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Ŀǰ˵ʷٷһûпκĽ̻ϾͱΨһǺеϵģ¾ֻнӡŵġ񡯡
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ŵѩ֮ڱ๩ѩ֮ļ̳ĿǰʷٷһûзκһطЩļ˾ҲȫֻͨˡΪսĹϵ̷߰ʦ̻ǱеģؽճǺʦϡƷ֣»ʦ֮һʦ϶̻ͨģӵгǿĸ֪ԶĳԴͷ˷ע֪ʦ
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035 飨ģ
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ٲʷٷҵľʼתƵϡ
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ʷٷܴŲ뿪ĵڶ죬ׯ԰ٶȳ˵ڶܺߡ
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Щ֣˺һСһѲߣȻ˵ҪȥС㣬ǡҲǵˡ
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ĳָµĶɱˣɴܼ֪ʷٷΪʲô뿪ˡ
еĸأʲôµĶѪϣѾ𽥳ˣɱׯ԰ڵ鼳ȡ


036 䣨һ
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ȻҪŲûʧȥأô2ŵ»ؾͿʱˡ
ʷٷһʰһ¶ֲϴ浽˽˿ռڣǴŲ˺һֻСݷǸȥܽ仯ڼӾ磬ʱŲʱȻо˴ĸоһȽϳĬȴСǺܶ൫ӻ𽥷ı仯ܺܿ죬ѾʼԵĳԿƣϧʵ̫СˣӰڵ
˿̣ʷٷϰԲĸŮ
Щûʲô
ʷٷһ߸·һ˵ʵڲóڰοˣֻе޴һ˵츳ԽʿʱķӦԽܽ仯أҪ֪ҾѵʱΪûָھԺ˴ꡣ
һε졣
ĻŲ˸ӲˣܽСҲе
ɲɾˡ
ʿʦͬǵʦǽһʹʿھѳںڵ궯ܽѾԵľ΢ĵӳ츳ܿ᳹ѣƵһѵķпǡצС洢ŵȻĿǰ΢Ȳȶ彫ʱӣ츳ʿԽֱʩչͺʹܶÿȥ׼
ðɡʱýһڤ뷨ˡ
ʷٷһŵڵ̫Сˡѧϰڤ뷨ǰҪʶ󲿷ֵ֣ӵĶд
Ľϵԭʼ
ǹĺӣѧʶҲȽƶ񤣬ܶͨԼֶдܽȻܹ򵥵Ľдڼٸ򵥵֣հѧԺı׼ѧϰڤ뷨ǰҪֵܹܹͨͨ䣬նд⡣һ˵ܽﲻҪѧϰڤ뷨ĻܿΪһ⡣ڤ뷨ǶԼľǳͨͨĻпܻ˵ԼĴԡ
ݷǾǰ
ϲӭʷٷҵĵҲ֪ɹܼûнϪׯ԰ϲ鿴򶨡
ͽˡʷٷŲ˵ĶСûӦĶЩʲô̬ȶ£Ҹ
ԭס򽻵
ǡǡ෴Ųʺ̨ܿٹܹ϶Էļһգ֪Էļʷ˽Щǿ£õġ
ǰ·ϡ
С嶼ܹкһİοŲʹٲУһСشʷٷҲ²ʵݡ
ϲɹӹݷǵȨͷƻϺڸһۺ£˲ٵѡŮֶŮⳡʽĽг޴½嶼ŮԵɷˡٲѾİ壬ıɱȡԷزƸΪ԰ڱعȦĳϣ󲿷ֹ嶼̡ȴص㡣
ٲͳݷǺܾãļӵдƬķء
ܶ򰵵ĲƸǹύص㣬һһ޷ӵĴڰǰǾǻʷٷֵ֧Ųˡ
ӦΰĹؼ
еĹҪͬһҲ˽̵һ뵽ǿµʦͷ˵˵ŵټزƸȻҪȫ黹βλȴҪؿǵ顣
̫ǲԸ⣬̫ʷٷҲˡ
ôٲ̨յغͲƸضҪһݻָŲ˵ģȴҪʵ׸ʦˡ
һŵͼ̯ڳϡ
ΧһȺıع壬ЭϲԱߣЩֻǹϷСվԡ
Ǵһĺûᡣ
Ѿ죬Ų˵ʱķѾ˼ƻھͿʷٷҵθڴ󲻴θ̫ĻЩҲеѰ졣
ǺܿϧˣԭסںʷٷҸӡ
ȫȨŲ˴ֻںʲôʱ£ȻͿ԰˽пˡ
ݷǿƵ6000ƽңӵдССٸ壬ʸҵܹʮ϶оϵĵλٿһءŵٲǰӵһһׯ԰һǱׯ󲿷ԼУٲַַʿͼԱЩ˶ٲˡЩĿǰǿհ׵ģûҪ°šܿ죬ϲ㽫˳ǽһöҵȼ۵鱦ƽһׯһۡһĲƸΪŲ˵Узص50ƽҡ
ĲΪĻвٵķؿ·䡣
ʷٷҵİʾ£Ų˷һׯ˿󸽽ĴƬأܿ˹ǵͬ⣬òͼƬׯΪһׯٿԷַʿˡ
һδҶĵ䡣
ΪӮϲݷǵͳȨŲ˶ɷʧȥغͲƸػ˼ĿȨ
ʷٷõҪ


037 䣨
һռزСĸۡǰ
ŵٲݷڵĺլռ3500ƽңʮ䣬԰һӾأһȵȡŵӰڴʯ죬լǴʯṹи߼ˮǰԺлԡѼܡͤԺвֿ⡢ƽѡңߵĺ԰һСӣͨһСѶҡۡûжˣԭҪôҪôҾˡ
ٲٲĵ˻ˣֻ߰˸ˣȫС̷ŵټ塣
Ųʱĵʿ϶ˡΨһŵľǸߵʿ˹صֶάأһʮʿӣڻսнһȻ㵽ƽ棬һֱѾˣմǷԹۡĿǰĻϲһˣҲط˹ۡڻвѪ԰Ļ÷ǳۣԼԼŵһ˿Ѫζ
ٲֻǼɨһ£󲿷ֵǮĶˡ
ŷˣ
ЩԷϻһŲ˱㲻ʧʹޣǰ÷һвŷ˵جΣЩ˵Ҳһµѡ
һׯ԰ִ³ŷ΢΢ͷʾ⣬㿪ʼִɨۡһͰһͰˮˢŵ棬黹ɿԿһ˿ѪԴӻصŷ˵ıΪˣǿŰȻһжûˣطһƬհףʷٷڻס壬һʷٷ뿪Ļ뱣֤ЩȨƸԼС
ȸʷٷҸ´ɨһɾķ䡣
Ųҧ촽йһŮչŮܽԸϱߵķһ£µļҾȰڹȥ
ƽѶҵˣóϲʷٷң˹עߵʳơ׽ۡʰŻҪһʱ䣬ڰʱһѾסĵطŲһЩʸϵΪ̴ӣȻƶ˵ɾŮû취ˣӶǲɿŵټ忿סʿˣһж
һУʷٷҶ̫ġ
ڻǰȥݷǵͼݽһЩ鼮Ҫʷ͵ġ
ŵǨƵƬֻв˰ʱ䣬ǨƵԭ˵ñȽģԿ϶һЩȻ¼ʷ󲿷Ǽ¼ŵ˵źڶ̶һʱӱԭҰ˱ӵи߳ұպͽյ֡鼮ϼ¼ʷǲȱģ϶Ǹ蹦̵£ʷٷڽش󿴵ĴƬҲûϸ¼ǿµġ֮ۡǴϹġ鼮ֻǼ򵥵ļ¼ԻҰȺϮϲʹŵ˷ƬǨơ
鼮ֻ¼ϾȣᵽϿһ߻дƬء
ؼ棬оų϶Ǻ˵˵ʷٷйڡ¡ļءŵ˵Ŀ֮ҹƺΪѪ¡ֻаڽǰǵļ˾ʢļʽֻǲر߽ߡѪµĵûҰеҰޱ궯żϮׯ飬ģ޳ÿʮһΡ鼮ԼᵽʦָʦѪµʱɢȺ
һʷٷҲ̫ţΪҰЩҰ򲻹Ų˵Ŀ֪½ȷʵвʦפطĲ²ӦƬϲһ͵ķһЩͽ׵ʦפÿѪµʱѪµԶɢ궯Ⱥ鼮л¼һЩҪĶѪ¡ԭһΣǺһΣÿ궼֣ʮ꼸ÿ궼Ρ
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Щûйµľأû涼û˵
ܸое㲻Ծ
ʷٷҵ˴ɫԲʣҹ·ǵ㣬ǿտ쳣׳Ѥã֪Ϊÿοʱһֲͺʱļ£⻹Ҫǿһ㡣
Լֱ϶⣡

鷿ڡ
æµһƣŲʰõ鷿ֽ̯ͱʳ˼Ƭ̣ſʼϷдš
ŵټֱϵԱȫΨһҴ߾ŮܽŲ˲ЩϵӵܣЧɷʿҲͬģеҪһϷ
ƹŵټһ
Ŀǰûأٿṩʮʿķأϵ˰٣һͳ򳤣ׯ԰ĴܼҵȵȵְЩְλҪһЩεѡļһЩõȴвŻѡŲ˽żЩвܲҿɿģͬʱдһϷߵأǵ˹ػһڸѧԺͶŮλߵʿΪڻսĺʸһƬء
˹صֶ˵̫أָܻĻҲֻܰŵȥѲ߶ӳˡ
Ųָᰴѹ̫Ѩ˼ԼʲôҪŵģͻȻӵе㲻֪룬ϾһĹŮԣܿѾе㴦ľˡ


038 䣨
ڶһʷٷұ뿪ˡ
ԭסûȤ֣ŲҲҪһԼŮǻҲҰģеɬ뿪ǰԸŷ˸ܽһλѧʶԨѧ߽֣ҪΪʦҪܰеȫСͬʮƽڵضʷٷңô˼Ūڿ϶Ҫȥúÿоһοɳ
ֻвʮˣʷٷһ㽫Ǹˡ
Ϊ˱ܲһΧľ䷨壬ֱӽ˿ڿ̽
Ȼ󣡡
ŵһʯʷٷ˳̱һ˿ŨԪӿڡ˵õԪϡĿôõԪͬճҺ壬ܻܶüԪسϫֻڱԪسϫŻһħתΪĽԪͬҲпܸı䱾ʽṹ
ڰ۹УﶼԪӹɵģԪԴе
ʦΪԴǶԪĳʼҲһһʵĵطʦǼ̳ʵνԪر˵ͭɻƽļɣҪıڲԪӣԪӵĹоתһӡ֤ʵǡԪ𡯣ڽСԪرʵУǽճԪغСܶȿֲձһµʡ޼һصֻСճ͵ʼӲޱܶȼߣתʧһ֣һöʯСʿܾһϡ
Ȼʦȷġ
ǺܿϧתʵмΪѣʯҲֻСģתƽ𣬶ϡвϸǸ޷ת
֮һ
ɪʱʼ׿ԽĴʦǶͼоתļɣȫʧˡʧܵĹҲɹˣһΪɪŻþתµħܽ½𡯵ȵȡ
Ԫתоһϣ˰۹ԻʱӵǽҪʮ߸λֳءһʮ߼ճǡ
ȻЩȫڸսбˡ
ЩԻ͵ĹȥȴʩߵУʷٷҲͬ㽹ǸҸаʱ
ȡΪѡ
ԼһٰҵİпһҵԪڼٳʷٷһõԾͲǸ󡣵ô˵һܺõĿʼڳ׼ÿߡ
ȡ
ʷٷҪһĵ¿ϵͳ졢عߡɿܺͶװá
ʷٷ˵һӦ򵥵飬Ѿڻ˲ٵʯֻҪʱͿԲɡعĿǰ׻õȻǿ󳵣һ廯ħشװǲöġװʡµħܴװǰʹȶħܹӦȡ꾧ʯת
ǣ
ЩĿǰ޷㣬ʷٷΨһõľʹú̿Ϊȼϡ
߶ħܹնڲ϶мߵҪħܶ͸ֵ߶ûУ΢Ķħܹնǰ۹չģ֮ǰʦѾ뵽취
һԭʼĿϵͳҪȻ
ʷٷڿṩԴԴϵԴǾɪʱѾֵħܼ
ħܼηԾԵķչһɪʱʦǴһӵмܵʹӺ֡ڶڰ۹ʱڣǿİʦ÷ط齨ܹװʽ鹹װ壬ħӦרͼܣǸӡӡǿ󡯣ħŵսҲһʱڻ˼ηԾԵķչǰ۹ܸ֮ĺĹװٶߵ˹ܱӦõħϷչħܶװס
ʷٷ׼ʹõʱڵħܹա
һʱڵħصȽԣ٣򵥣ײٿأάȵȣȻԭʼªȴܹʤδ󲿷ַظĹ
ԽǾܵħճάҪԽߡ
ʷٷ׼ǡħ񡯣ս൱7սʿӵ޸ִм򵥵صȽϴͽħܵĲ϶ǳ򵥣ڹؼڡġ͡װϡ
ĸħܼ򵥵ܣǿԴ²̫ӵظ
װصǱɻתΪԪصĻ㶼ҪõһҪĶǾǡ꾧ʯһЩԭסΪ꡿ɢĲ
һ壬ɵǡ꡿תΪʵǡ꾧ʯ
ܿϧ
꾧ʯȻֻһЩĴڲŻԭʼ꾧ʯɫ壩󲿷Ҫ꾧ʯ׼һµ塣
ͨ£ʦʹñʯת꾧ʯ
һճħ500-1000öңֺķѺܴһֶϣճħʦҪ׼һ˶ıʯΪĵ塣ʷٷҵþһöŷ˵ʯ㹻һöС꾧ʯˡΪ˱֤ĵļ̣ʦǾʹáʯת꾧ʯˮҲƷ֮һʵ̫ˡ


039 䣨ģ
꾧ʯܷܺΪ΢͡С͡͡ͺʹȼ
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ͨ£ʹõ꾧ʯԽ߼ħܾԽܣ߶˵鹹װʹô漶꾧ʯ
ǿԸάʦճת
ڳ˿ʷٷһһռʮƽ׵ľ޴Ѱҵڵ㡣κĵ¶ԭʼħ磬ԭסǵĳƺǧٹֻ֣һţڵͨȺɽ´ųǿһĹϵԳƺΪɽԪ֧ħڵȵȣֻȻĽ㴦ĵطʦһ㶼ѡؾ
šڵǱߵɽϡ
ʷٷһƬɽ¿˿óӶڡڵĽ㴦һɽİɽƽشһʮңͱͨ˸ȥʷٷҲ÷ЭҲʵǣҪȸһ¸ĵΡһʦ˵ףǶʷٷ˵ȴ쳣ļ򵥣׼ֱ޽һɽ̨ͨڵ㣬Ȼڰɽɽʯƽ̨
ʷٷҲķʽֱӴɽ±㿪ʼߣ
һֱߣʯ㣬Ȼ˳ʯڷ俪ɽʯֱ޽һƽ·ϡ
ΪʦϲԳƣʷٷҶ໨һʱ佫ܲʯȫߣٶλĴʯשƽ·˴Сʱʱһٶ׵ɽݣĹԭסͶҲҪµʱ䡣ɽʯʷٷҼ˵ֻǻճ̧ͷ˿ʱ䷢Ѿˣó׼õĴʯ޽ݡ
ʹøıʵķճϼҪʷٷֱôʯߣһ׵Сƽ
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ȵһнʷٷһὫСƽ²Ҫ¸죬ҲҪչƽ̨ռ䲻ĻʷٷҲ⻨һܵʱֱӽɽɽȫߣʱžͺжɽƽ̨Ȼʦֱӽεض
һ˳ʷٷҴ˲ٵĲϡ
һİںúͽһӿʼ죬ߣȻҲ԰쵽öҲ۵
ڶøı̬£ӲĸʷٷбôģͣŽ׼õľ˳ĳȴ󲿷ֶȽ϶̣Ҳʷٷ׼ӦģµĸʱɫѾˣʢľʷٷҲеƣ룬һ˼·㿪ʼѰճ
ճħճ
Ҳմ֣һֺɳ١Եˮֲ״ͨӵбȽϺõĿԡ
ԭסȻӽͣʹõߴ󲿷ֶճֲܹ㷺ʷٷҪƫɫճӻѧĽǶɷӦ
ʷٷҶճܴԺħҲõõĵط

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ʷٷæŽԼʦʱŲҲʼѧδ
ŵټֱϵԱ߰˰ˣɷܶٲˡŲȫǴͷʼļ֣ȻϷʹѾҪõӦҲһº顣ҪһЩϤ˲ţΪûʧȥغŷ˱ԼŮǰתһȦͬʱִ˰񡢸֡óȵŵټӵкѻ˰ȨĿǰõİ취ǰ򳤡˰ٺرٶԼεѡڸûж˲ſõó֡
ׯ԰Ǳ߻ѡһܼҹȥӦǺܶطԭЩܹԦġ
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ʶ֣˲ţһʱͿԷٷ֮ʮϵˡ
ҹĻ١
æµһŲ˸еǳƣ룬Ȼտʼ÷ǳѣҲһЩɣԼܿԽȨץС
ˡһԵŮ΢΢
Ųȡ硢סһϵĹ峤ȹһʵʷٷҸ»ûл𣿡
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ŷ룬ԸЩʳȥʵˮ߲ˣϺԵͷ¹Ҳһ͹ȥ׼һЩѾƣСĵȫȥǱߡ
˵õġˡ
׼ˮۻˡҪϴ衣ŲŮȹ¶ǳɫ˿£˵Ľ֣ɢȡȻųԡȥ
ʷٷѾڿˡ
׼ǱߴܾãȻԷʲôûзԸŲ˻Ǿ˱Լ⡣ʷٷ̣κοܻöԷøеȥһ¡


040 ѣһ
ԡˮڡ
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ʱһλľͰŮ˳ıе㾪֣ʧˣһûзˮء
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Ų˸һʦѧϰ֣ͨȡȫе⡣
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Ų˷ص˴ߣ׼Ϩ˯ͻȻ뵽ʲôüų̀Ȼط̨档
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Ų˽ĸӽӽ棬˵ֱӽӴĻκ˶оյʹࡣûһյʹУֻǸоԽԽˣԼ΢ôһ̵ĸоǲҲء
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췢ϵһУŲ˶޷⣬֪Լʲôʱӵ
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ʷٷҵӰŲ˵Ժб˳ʷٷһڿǱߣ̲סҪȥʸˡڣŲֻܽһѹ棬ȵʷٷһѯһһеô¡
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ݷճƷˣڿòţ߼һʱٻȥʷٷѾҵһƬճҲңճħģڽУڲķѾˡֻҪеķ߸ճħ֫ʱʷٷֻʩչװԽɡһħܣôö໨˼
ճʹϣճħĿɱ仯ԺͿʹǱȸħãֻսƱȽԶѡ
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ĿǰʦĽϻдöҵʽȱڣʷٷҪһ͵ĵ硣


046 ׯ԰һ
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ʷٷȻųɵİտԽ飬ǴڻжԸȫ

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ϻвĸɺѪʷٷҿһ̨ԱƻķһƬɫŲͨĵζһŨѪζ

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049 ׯ԰ģ
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ҹȫ߸ǹȥۣڴضǿʦҲ˸ʶΪ׵ʿˣϲţҹɹδûд̽ʷٷʵ뷨ֻȥ̰ѽҹһиϲȰԲҪʷٷΪСʦʵ̫ˣҹʩչķȣȥżĲɹܼʩչķǲϷ
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Ȼ⼸ʿʵǿǶǰ棬ʷٷұںʩ
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ȻϲǴ򽻵ʷٷ֪οǡ


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ʷٷ̲һڣȻüͷ£һݳ嵥˹ȥ׼ҪЩȻһõҩ㡣
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ЩɡҪһʵҲҩѪ޵ҩڻӷʱϵԽҩʧԽࡣ
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ʷٷڵڶ㷵˿ŲѸֽ֯һ˹
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аֵ£תȻȾƺö࣬ڿϱлǿԵģĺ¿˿Ĳʼʱļɼ
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ĿЧʵ£ɿʩҲҪһ
ʼԼĵһħܣάֿתճɨħ
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ħΪ600
1000ĵ죬üֵ1500ҵϡвϴħмգмգ̣һʷٷ˵ܼ򵥣ļʢ๤մʦͽʦ
ħܵҪװרڿáħ񹤳
һħķ20000öңķ꾧ʯͻħĶۼ۸40000öҡ
ʷٷҵļȥһս£ĿǰԽħĳɱһöڡ
1000׻õĲϣʷٷѾħĿǰҪħܵķĹװͺѪܹħֲʹõĲǰƽ𡢱ʯĩȵȡ
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һħӦӵװԡ΢Ұ60ߺڰӾӰЧ߶˯Чԡ塢Чػˡ˺ȡƣ͡ƣȡԡ˯ȵȡ
ʦĺ󷽣ʷٷҿһֲ
ΪӴԭסҲҪͨũֲ˽Ϫׯ԰ıޡ



052 ʦ
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һĹ̨ϣһ߸2.5ҵڷУħܵǿԷֿģĿǰʷٷһûƴװ̡ɪʱʱʦʹõħι죬ڰ۹ԺΪѧħܵαͳһ滮θӽӽǹȥʦĸһ㣬Ϊǰļ޷ģĻħܹЧʣںܶطƵתװ
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2.5Ҹ߶ȵħش750ƫڷΣûоſ׳ڼϵĴ׳ֱһֱϥԱߣ̶ֵָȽ˫ֻ֮һȣƿƽ
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ʷٷҽȲķ·ɣһڰеİ̵Զ˹䡣
ɵһ֮Чʺܸߣʮ׷Χڣ20ص壬ʷٷҶƣԿԼ˫֡
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ʷٷôͷ޽ӵħӦṩȶħܴ䣬ͬʱʱʩչһЩ߽׵ķ
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ħħϵһ£Ŵ¶һޱȵķ磬һۣʷٷҽ꾧ʯŽȥԶաһ˵ħܵĶϣֻһĸйٽ
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ӵСʶĹװ飬ʵǴȼʦĹߣ߼ǡָӹ١ǿ䵱ճתԺġ
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ʷٷҿæµü޽ԪسˡûȶӦħֻǰ衣
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ܿϧĿǰûĵطϷһЩ
ڵʯѾɶڻ˲٣ȵһֺʷٷұһС͸ջʱʦͿһܹеʦ൱ƶС;ݵ㣬ʷٷҲо̽綼ǳ㡣


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Щܹ򣬴󲿷ֶĴԪرںгĳɹ
ԳͰλ潨ҲǴ̥ģʦΪԪƽſԴµ磬һܹܵĳͰλ档
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ϴʦԸķԼһľԴһȽСİλ硣
ʷٷҶڴûʲôȤ۷ʱİλҲһʺסشûпûûûˮԴûл棬ضûС

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һ˿˿עԪسڲԪسؿ10000㣬㹻άʮͽħܵճܡ
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ΪԼǰݣʷٷɻǸԤѧɡʦ򽻵Ϊ˵ʷٷҺʦ֪ԼǴԽģܻ˱ץʵȥҪ֪ʦȡİ취ɲ١ʷٷͻƴΪڸԼĹȥֹһЩͨԤȥƬΣµʱյͣʷٷҽԼĹȥͬһ˿һӡ
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ҲǸʱʼʷٷҵʼӵӡһ˿ÿһӡһ˿һӡǴ45ʦʵǵӡɺκԤѧɵķԤܶ޷̽ʷٷҵĹȥδʩչ֪Ҳ޷ĹƬΡ
ʷٷҽͬԼ봫ǰһйӡˡ
κռ⡢ԤԷʵʱ45ʦɵĽǺǺˡ



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һСԪسؿԸʦṩµļӳ֣ÿ100ҵĳܣԾԪϢǿ20%ҵķЧϵԪصӿӿ25%ҵħָӯԪǿ25%ҵڤЧʡն˵ԪسػγȻľ鷨ǿʦʵٶȡȻ֢Ҳ΢һ㣬ǾԪ𽥳ԣпһЩ·Ԫ
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һɫĹâ֣˳Ԫسص쵽ǽϣˮ֮۵ĹȻһյһյħЩˮ۲ƣʤڷǳãʹϰʱ䡣
ʷٷص˵ͷϧûٿءҪȻʦĹܶԶˡ
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ĹʷٷҰһ˿ƬͬʱʹõԷԪλԪؾ꾧ʯ
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Ϊ˾ӳҩϲõϵԴＯϣĹҲָͨ;֪һʦ֪ϢĹһʱ仳Ÿ˼Ĺ׷ǰݷŲˡΪŲ˱ϾŮ˵ңЩմ״ʵĲ԰ݷãֻܶ÷˲̽һʶʶĹ˶δĹһЦӯӯĴݷá
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ݷǵһУʷٷҸ⡣
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ʷٷҪľȡųԣȻһ̶ӰҩЧܹͨõҩҲֻô졣ѧõԪӣҲԭʼʿѪоħǿԽԪӺܰ
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ʷٷҵĳһ100ҵĻƽָɷĩȻڸħ̨Ĳϲһģ͡
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ϲ˫Щҩ֪ǲǻþƿʱȻڶӤĿһ¶ʱŵʧֽҩˡϾҲǺ֮ˣʦаֶΣҧҧ㽫ɺҩȥҺһŨѪζһͺһ˶̵ӿȫеһ˿ʹϲá
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صתõȿ˹Сʬ屣ã˿ûиõļ԰׵ɢһ˿ϢʷٷҶѧɵоһѧΪʬ򽻵ҲǺϲʷٷҼ˶ȽϲͿʯǵʩҲ󲿷ûƽʯѧɵʦǻᾡܵʬϵʩϣΪܱ˶ߵǡ
ܲܳɹأʷٷİһö꾧ʯ
һö꾧ʯǻɱսƷħĵߡΪԣƺû£ʷٷҿܶࡣ
һ˿˿ͳӽ
ҡҷɫ棬һ͸Ļɫ꾧ʯڱʷٷҳ˳
ȥѾõĵȿ˹С㡣
ʱѾӽһµʱ䣬ЧҲӦðˣʵϲûˣͺûһ
ҡġȿ˹С㷢ɻ
ʧһֵļ䡣
̻ܾãһֱ곹Լһм䡣ڵȿ˹С㲢ûʧȥ̫ļ䣬ֻǿǳԻѡԵԼµЩ䡣


056 Ů
ʷٷעŶԷͷ걾ûбȾ
벻һ𣿡
Ұɣ
˵꣬ʷٷҳǰĵȿ˹Сһ㣬һ˿֮룬ŵȿ˹Сɫ䷢˾ֵؼ·ĳЩµļ䱻ѣɪɪϵĳ궼еģ
ʷٷҶԴ˺⣬Ƭ̺עŻĵȿ˹С㣬Ӧò»һ°ɣ
ˡ
ȿ˹С˴ԭأʧǰ
ʷٷҵı齥е㲻ͷ϶Էˡȷʵˡ˺һ㡣Ŀǰĺܺá
һ顣
üо˵ԸܵĻһһ̬
ȿ˹СЩãȻ̧ͷ
ʱע⵽Աߵʬ壬壬԰ס졢ƽ̨ϡȻѾһ߱ʬ塣
ܲʷٷԣȻɱ㡣ȴһַʽ壬ûиʻ˱ȳ΢һѡ񡣡
ҿԳѧɵķתΪŮ
ĿǰɹļʻǺܸߵġôĻҲҪСĴۣڻµݺǩһԼҪΪΪЧʮʱ䣬ʮҿԸɣѡ뿪ʱȥﶼԼ顣
Ϊ˵ʮһжҵ
𣿡
ԸĻ͵ͷԸĻҾǰ磬ʬҹʱҲյ
ԷԸĻʷٷһڲɼʬٻ
޷£ʷٷ뵽򵥵õȿ˹СһŮһȼ5ϣӵһʩʹòѧɷ顣ȿ˹СǰܹȽõĽԽתΪŮԺܿѧ᲻ٵĶټ屾ģתļʻ߳ܶࡣʷٷɹĻͿԸʦһŮܼңڵʱõ
ŮսǺǿġ
Ǳи֮κνӴԼȡ˵ͬʱȡ˵ԣڸ߼һ֡
漶Ůӵпµɱ¾
ǵĺпԴΧɱĵˣڰSΣĿ֮һ
Եȿ˹С츳ʷٷǲָΪŮģһʦ㹻ˡֻҪתɣͿӵʽʦʵŮԺԴϵսǿһ㡣
Ůȿ˹С
Ѿȥûжѡأ˵硣
ܿ죬ȿ˹С̧ͷͬ⡣
ôڵܱǹ졢ΣաҪãһж˵һجΡȿ˹С㲢ûȫУֻǵԼԡˣǻһѾеˡ
ܺáʷٷҴһָóһˮһȰӡ档
תΪŮҪĴұȵԪسصΪֹʱһݺʱˮָһ㾫񣬵ʱһΪ׼תŮʽ
һ˿â֣ȿ˹С걻ȡˮڡ
̫Сˡ
ô̫͵ʷٷҲ档

ļ죬ʷٷֲ鿴һ¿Ľȡ
ΪȱϡеĲϣʷٷҵķչҲһͣڣҪķʱһһ㿪ɳʵǻָĲѾ9ʦһºܵ10ʦˮƽȼʦѾǵңԭסڶʦʸΪʦһʦѧͽˡʦڸ߽ʩߣڰְҵȼ15ϵʦҲڸ߲ʿ
ħĿǰû
ԪسسҪʮҵʱ䣬׼תŮٿħ
Ŀǰ̫ķԪسزʩչħսȼﵽ12ϣҪһ12ð߲ܶԿʩѶȻҲǷǳߵġ
һݺ
ԪسسϣˮѾɫҺ壬ʷٷҴŵȿ˹Сʬʦĵң߲԰׵ʬƽԪسصıԵȻ㿪ʼһӴת
ŮȲǱʿͬ
鲼ҵĽ䣬ȥͬʷٷҲʹ˴Ļƽͬʱ˴Ѫ˵ѪĿǰʵýѧɵʩߣΪòרȥɱһͷֵױܣɱʮ̾ǿɼʩϡϵѪ󲿷һˣʷٷΪϲ˵ѪҺȻһѪ
Կʼˡ
ʷٷһ㣬ǰ˵ȿ˹Сʬ壬ԪسڣɫҺܿû˵ȿ˹СԭѤõԪس̸һ˿аĻɫϢ
ԪسرȾˡ
ԴʷٷҲû˿⣬ֽ֮ˮԪسϷȻ󼤻˶ʮߵķ󣬿ʼȡԪسصŮ
ѧɵķʹȾԡ
ʷٷڽȿ˹СתΪŮ󣬻ԪسؽһξʽҪȻȾܾá



057 Ů
ϵķ棬ϵȾġ
˵һԪسأϹаƵӴ£пɱΪµ黯̬԰ѧԺ棬ѧɶǵһڵλû϶ŨϢͨ˸⿿ʷٷóĸħѧɣ˵ȻࡢħȻඨȺ尵ʾȺ֧ȵȵķ൱вˮ׼
ҲʽΪЩƷ̫ˣв˶費
Ԫسڡ
ǵĻɫѸɢŵȿ˹СʬУԭԪѸٱȾ궯ԪرϢܿԪسضһֻǵĻɫҺ壬ֻеȿ˹С԰׵гԪӿ֡
飨Ů
ʷٷڷλһ㣬һɫķ߱㻺𣬰һƬѤ׳ĽɫĹһ壬ʷٷҵķָ£ӿԪسصڲˮڵȿ˹СҰɫ껺֣˿һƬãȻʷٷҵ½Ԫسأʦ΢һԪسڶʱһ׶ߵ˻ԪسصγһУȿ˹СʬУеӿѾȾԪ֮ˮӿ塣

һʷٷҸе鷢ˡ
ֵȿ˹С㸴ΪŮʽʱͻȻֵĵ·ĻⲻʷٷŪģڵȿ˹С㸴ΪŮĹУһЩԶշĳһЩӦͨ˱ǡ

ǣ
ǵģȡ
һͻȻ
ʦĵƾճһ˿۲ɼѷ죬˸еļµĵУһɵĻ˳
Ǳ˻źԪسء
һĻӿռѷǻԪسܻҪ˺ҧȿ˹С꣬ٶȸ

ʷٷͻȻһ˫иһ˿⣬˫ŷص˵ϣųƵľܵķķ͵һ𣬽һɢнӴЩĻ궼Ĳҽ
֮
ķħ󣡡
ʷٷһ˦ʮöʯĽɫ˿ɢĻ꾪ֻҵļһ鱻˱ʯڲһööɫ꾧ʯ
鶨
һӿʵ̫ˣҲ֪ôѻô顣
ʷٷֻ̧ҧָ⣬һεɫľѪΪýٶʩһǳɫɢе鶼һ˲佩Ӳͣԭء
鶨ֻܳӣȽʽɡ
ʱѾûȥЩˣʷٷߵԪسԱߣӽŷȵָԪسڵĻɫҺ嶼ӵ˵ȿ˹СҵķķҲҫ۵Ĺâȡŵڵħˮڵȿ˹Сһһڲ
ԪسڵҺԽԽ١
һ˿ϢȾԪҺȿ˹СͻȻ͵۾˰УǼޱȵ䶼ڲļ
ˣ
ЩͼȡĻһ˲䱻˺飬һ˿˿֮ɢȿ˹С㱾ԵſһЩĻɢ㱻ڡ
žડ
ȿ˹СӰأ黹һãȻܿͻָ˹
ˡʷٷ
ΪͥŮ̷֪ˣ߾Ůͷ̣Ů͵ĹӴҲϤġ
ʷٷҵͷ·ȵǻָĲ
ʽǰʷٷҾѾطӡӡ˵ȿ˹СϣԼֻܽһԼˣʮȻԷɡ
ŵȿ˹С㻯ΪŮܵĿռѷҲʧ
ʷٷвٲ²⣬ΪλԻ˽⣬޷ҳôľԭ
֮֡
һֽе꾧ʯȿ˹С㿴Щɫľ壬֪ΪֿĸоͺǹһЩ꾧ʯ̵ȥ
·ϰɡʷٷóһɫĳ˹ȥ
ȿ˹СֽסʱԼû·ǹȥӦûеߣΪһεȻĺ޲ȿ˹С鿴һԼ壬Ƥе㲡̬Ĳ԰ף֮𣬵ͷٵطëԶˡڵƤ΢е͸ԿѪܣΪ˵ֻϰߣǲҲûκ⣬ı仯΢е㲻ӦȴС
Ϊйɵļ䣬̬ӦԻպϡ
ܿ졣
ȿ˹С㴩˻ɫۣģдһ˿ɭƤ԰׵úѪһͫ΢ɫâ˿ĻƸŮࡣ
ˡʷٷ÷ȵȥ¥ϵҡ
Ҫﾻһ¡



058 Ůģ
ԪسȾıиһ㡣
Ϊȿ˹СĹ˴飬λ͸ӾԪسȾĳ̶ȣ˿̴Ԫͨӿһ˿Һ嶼ǻҺɫġǼŸϢȵȵȾԴܹ׾ĻԺԪسؾͻһɢԴͷ
Ȼ鶼ĺ֢
ʷٷ÷ȣеͷ۵ԴԪسȾȺһҪҪȷ
ܿʷٷұʲôһԴף
֪ǿܲã
ʱʷٷżȻ䷢оȾԴλԪسȾôԼ־ûаºѸ㶨öɫԡ
һ΢Ĺâ֡
ʷٷСȡöɫӣһڵȾԪر㷢ĹâȻ㿴ڵѸɢ
ȻԶܣʷٷҷǳϲ
ŽɫӿԪسأԪسȾΪأɫԪ֮ˮ˻ҺɫĻҺ塣
һȻϢ̹⸡֣
ڽӴԪسصһ˲䣬صĽɫӱѸٷ˸Եı仯ɫĹâԪسرܿ쾻һ˿˿ɫӿڡ
ǣ³ķϢʷٷҾޱȵ
ھԪسʱɫе³ϢǷǳǳӽȻԴ
δ˴Ȼ֮
ʲôͷԪسرѸپʷٷСؽɫ˻ȥ
öɫھȾԴϼֱһĴڣʷٷҴδôͬʱԤöӵ϶ͬ죬ǲ֪ΪʲôӾȻʱڲ
κһӦöᱻʩ˰ɣ
ԪسرɫӾǹҲѸɢĶⶼԪͨҲʼת
Ҫǵöӣ֪ܲܽǸҲʷٷ
ΪżǿҵķѪҲӵиȾԵʱʷٷҵокܶⶼܹˡǳȡѪҲСһСԼҲȾˣҪǻԼöӣʷٷҵоɹ϶ֹڵһ㡣
лȥ̽һԴͷʷٷһеķ߻ĩ
öɫӵõжΪ֪ԴͷʷٷҲе޴֡
Ҫ֪Դоࡣ

ȿ˹Сʦĵһȴʷٷ
ˡ
һʷٷҵӰ΢΢񣬱ƽûʲô԰ԹӣΪһεˣϳɳúܿ죬Ҳ֪ʷٷˡ
ô񡣡ʷٷֽȲԱߵĻϡ
ǸľķһӴԶ棬ڵȿ˹С㲻˼ıУȳĸڲһ֦֦ѿתۼͱдеС
⡭̫˼ˣǱŮʦֶõȿ˹С㾪̾ѡ
ʷٷҲΪȻЦЦȻһЩСˡ
Ⲣһķȡ
ʷٷһԤҪܶʱſԳ׳һѪ޵˼·һܳʲô̶ҲֻΪʽҪŰγģƳڻҪҡ
Ƭ½Դ̫ƶˡ
ȻĿֲﶼв٣ħַǳϡУʷٷڸ˰Өݡû֣ŪȫÿԼֲ
ҲȱѪ
Ȼֵ֣Ѫ̫ƶˣҪķ֮һѪͳ֡
Ŀǰʷٷֹֻ֣ķ໹û¼ħᶼþϸ㣬Ϊֹû׼ʲôߡ
ˡʷٷóһӵ˹ȥԺ񡣡
뿪ʦת
һݳ嵥ϼ¼ŵȿ˹СĹճɨħܡͼ顢ͳʵȵȣǱȽϷСħܵ޷ʤΣҪйܼҼˮƽ
·뵽ʲôʷٷҽŵԺ㾡Ҫ뿪ʦķΧڿ߻һЩͨˡ
ĵĻȥ飬ڵ׼һЩϵķԳѧϰһ¡ô˵Ѿһεˣ̫ھף˵һб־롣
С
ӵġ֮ûǰܸκλ˽ֱӽӴǵ
𣿡
ʷٷҵĻȿ˹Сɫ԰׵ĵͷС֪ˡ
šʷٷЦЦ׾ͺáпնѧ㶫ѧɵķӦգԺ֪οԼˣαװһ»ǿԸͨ˽Ӵġ
ȻǾԲеġ
ȿ˹СոոΪŮаĸ߽飬եɻ˵ܷĺС
Ŀǰ΢һһʻսᡣ
ʷٷҿٰʱڵȿ˹Сǲ뿪ʦģԺܿ˵ǿԿһ¡̬תΪһֵкʷٷҲĵȿ˹Сеģ鶼ú͵סįġ



059 Ů壩

ȿ˹СӰʦ̨ϣһϮǳɫĳȹ޳֣԰׵ļ͸һ˿̬ſ̨գԶһâѾ֣ȻֻǳسֵһƹԣǱѾоеĿ̫峿ůеһհʹ࣬Ϊߵǳ⣬ǿҵĲӦѾȿ˹СеҪغڰС
ǿţֱ˶ԡ峿Ĺ¡
һжˡȿ˹Сš
ֱɱڵĻԣȿ˹С㿴ԼûҰɫƤ˻ӰС
Ѹ޸塣
ܿ죬ȿ˹СָԭģҰɫĺۼ±ֲ̬Ĳ԰ס
Ϊĵһ죬ȿ˹С㲢û˯˯ߵ٣ʳҲֻҪһ㣬άĸʳ
Ҫʼˡȿ˹Сһ૵
óһų嵥ʦĵȥħڵȴܣҪɨʦͳ˻ʣֿలãֲȵȣһЩܷСڲҲۡ
ʦھĵġ
ĺܰżħƵĽŲǽһõڲֿ档Ļ˲ȿ˹Сͨ˶صʦžηֻһʱ˵֮Ĺŵȿ˹Сһʳ˵ڣСشԪسװһɫˮȻӵһСȡӨĻɫĩԪ֮ˮǽǵϣһɫĩȥ
Ժƻ̰һУܿ찲һŸͨĲľ
һȿ˹Сơ
еϲæµĸоˣٿʲôȥ룬ҲûǱɺĿ¼䡣
η硣
ǸֻܹѪɫµĹռܵһ˿һ˿һ˿ĪĿ־壬ԼԼ𣬱ʲôȿֲĴҪ׳Ե
һʱܿȥ
ȿ˹СڰʱеĹȻͼڡ
ﲢû̫鼮ٶݷǵĲ飬мֵ鼮ڵţֻʸĶеһ鱾ϱ˷κδµ顣ȿ˹СԼǱ˴ϣдһ֪ʶܻɬܹõĽҲ޷⡣Ⲣûйϵ㹻ʱȥȿ˹Сһֱҹŷط䣬Ҳõĺܼ򵥣һ˯


ڶ峿١
ȿ˹С۾ʱ͵زҵϢţ˫еס۾
һجΡ
һܿºܿµجΣֺһжģξһŤֲĹԵˣ
ҵͷȿ˹СͻȻվ첽˾ǰԭĵɫѾһƬҰɫķ˿ǱһƬɫʧȥϢɫ
ͬʱ
ȿ˹СͫѾʧˣ۾˵ѪɫͺͫѾڻһ˫ѾǷѪɫȿ˹С㲢ûиоӾȥκε쳣෴Լ񿴵һЩԭĶ
֮Ļ
ĵȿ˹СѾģ䣬ȻӵɻȥȴɢΣաа͹صϢ
ĸ׳Ҳϲģ
̤̤̤
΢ĽŲ
ȿ˹Сеŵվ·Ҵææرܵſڵˣҡ
ףʷٷ̧ͷһһ¡
ߵȿ˹Сǰ̧԰׵°Ϳ˿۾ôתµ̬𣿿ŮӦԺǿ
Ů֡
һģһûġ
ֻ̬ͨǰ߲ܳɳΪŮ֮
ûŮ޷ģ
ô˵ȿ˹С㶼ʷٷתƷ΢ǿ֢ϰߣȻҪ϶Ҫһ顣
ͨĸŮ᲻ȾһԪسء
Ԫسؿ֧һ淨ʩչתȿ˹СĹУԪسصˡ
û¡ʷٷĶԷļο
ʵϣҪһ¶ԷԴŵһ˿ѪͳŮҲӽһװ˵ĸ߶ȣֻͨߵʷٷҸеΣܲΪ˸һ¶ԷԴͶԼʹáɣ
ʷٷתڸںϡ
ںϣ
ӦùʱͲˡ
ʷٷĶԷļ߻һ۵ȿ˹Сͷθ˲ճƷ·ӡͷʲôģҪǻʲôĻԷԸ˴
ԴŮܼҺʷٷڴӷظļͶڽ˳
ʱɺܶˣ



060 Ů
ȿ˹Се㲻ظں档
ԼǻԼ᲻ĿĿ¹ֲÿʡǶˣʷٷҲϲһĿֲĹ̷Լ
һȥݷʷٷҴ˺ܶණ
ȿ˹Сı仯ȣŲ˵תȾʵ̫ʧˡ
ʣ
Ų˵ʿѪͳʺܲΪѾôõ£Ȼġ֮ûлá
ʷٷҺʧ
ŲĿǰҲͱͨĸŮǿһ㣬Ȳûдﵽ֮ѵʿѪǳϡֻΪʷٷҵԭշѣǱʻԴﵽתı׼֮£ܽСתѾѧ˺֣ܶͨͬʱѾеʷٷһоһ˿籩ϢǺǿʿ츳
߶ҾѾʼںıһӾʹ·
ʷٷλȥ˲ٸ߶ľƾͬʱҲһƷݷǡʱõû󲿷ݳƷһ࣬ڱۣͬʱϷۡŲһ̶֧ӵ뷨ϱóΣأֺܾܿѪ޹飬ʷٷҸֱ£һ֧ԭе̶ӡϤصĹҲ֪ʵ·
ʷٷҵʦͺɽĹ
ݷǵĽ֮һ͵̶ܶΪ޷øòΪһҾƻȥ

ڡ
ʷٷԪسصһӡ̸ӵķķһʦǺ׽ģڲĹȴҪķѼľ
ڴԪλ
ĴԪλˮ棬ԪλΣҲǶѺõһλ档ﵽǻ𺣣µĸ÷һữҽĸԪλֻлԪλսȼ棬ԨҪֲܶࡣͷ۵ǣԪλҡаսҲݣŵԪһһһŵԪǰϣսԵٵС顣
û˿̽Ԫλ浽жΪǵı߽һһ޾ÿĻԪؿռ䶼вͬԣЩ鲼ҽ֮ЩֻȼյĿͻ𺣣ЩɻҽƬ½ءڻԪλĺǻƯֹĻ𺣻λӿżҵԪرҫߣĳ̶ֳϻԪλԸ̫ǳӽʦΪкǵĵǴӻԪλȡ
ʷٷҶѧо˽ⲻ̫࣬Ͼס꣬ĳ̶ֳ̫ҪȻԪλѺúܶ࣬ûôĻ顣
ˡ
һɣʷٷվĿǰ޷Ԫλģ˵ǡԪءλ棬ǡԪءλĸҲԽճɻҽԪλı㲻̫ýͣԪλķԪλϵ2-5Ҳǵ2-5Ȼռ䣬Ԫλϵﵽ5-20ңٴӱռ룬ϵﵽ20-200200-500Ȼ500-1000ȵȡ
Ϊֹ߰̽ļ15000ͼ
ϵ£ʦֻǰ̬ܵظš
Ԫλռ䣬δ֪
ĴԪλ涼ǲ֮࣬ѺõľȻǷԪλ棬˴øûб߽絽ǿͦõġ⣬ʦת̬ķʽٶҪԪλЩҪԪλǩԼһϹͨԪλģΪλԪλܹ֪뵽Ľʯȵȡ
Ԫλ¶ȸ̫࣬ʷٷҪľǳȡʦõһֻ桾Ԫ֮𡿣ֻһţ̫ʲôҲû⡣
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һǸȿ˹СʱŮոҪͱ꣬ڰھոճ˴ꡣ

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067 飨һ
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ʷٷҸûЩ꣬üĳһ㵭ɫâԪسصϷֳ̧Űеĺɫʯһ顣

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˵ʼܾһͷǿľͳƬأǻūǽһУʹķΪɻƽͱʯһܴΪеĲƸԼռһƬ˿Ƿǳǵѡ
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ⱾǰѧԺıҵ֮һʷٷѧʱѾͨܶ飬ʽþѪйʵ顣ڣʷٷҲ˵ѪͳĵߣֻȷѪͳӵмǿ͸ںԡ̥֣Ѫͳƺܹںϣµֳܶڻǿľ˵Ƹڣ˶ԪھԿﷱܹĺۼ
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һεҹģҲСǧռǸĳ͵Ϯŵ˵ľӣͼ¶ǵͳȨ

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ݡѧо棬ʷٷ֪ڵĸǷǳߵġ



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ʷٷҽ˵ˮƿУǰıӰۺãܹԺԷĹṹ˲ҳԷһڡǡλá
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ʷٷָһ㣬һƱѪˮƿڷɳָŲ˵β׵һ·ϣѪž˵ĺصķķ˵ĺϣ֪ʱĺ˪Ѿɢ˶Էȫ
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һѪɵķķɫĹâۿɼĺ˪ѸɢЩ԰ľѪħһһŲ˵ڡ

ǰĹ˷ԴѹֵǱȴּá
̹ǵĺ˺һȵůӿȫڰ΢ʹеͬʱһĿοѪϴһּΪԵʽʷٷֵĸǽЧӵҺֻǰѪ˶ɱ飬ǺѪ»ֱӻһ𡣷ֻ֪ѪȫȴѪֻǲֲʺѪϴʽΪһʿ츳ˣŲⷽƣѪϴЧǿʣҲڻǱڵ
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ʷٷ˻ֵšȥɡҪϢˡ
˼άеκŲ˺ܿ˳˷䣬߳ȥʱźһ㡣
˿оòȻ֪ʷٷҸոյʲôλصʦ˾ҲϲʲôŲ˳ѾеϰˡԼҲ֪ΪʲôÿʷٷʱʶȱΥͷʱǿӲ̬ȫͬȻŲܹǿƵ̬ӦݷǵȫΪվʷٷһλضǿʦ
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087 ÷죨壩
Ųһ϶û˯á
ڶһ磬ķ־ǳžոо˶ɷ
ˡŮվȺ򣬱΢еŹֵʷٷҴȥʿ
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һֱΪ߲űҪȻ֪Ҫá
ʷٷҾǸյĴҪǱվһλصʦ˵ݷ滢Ĺ壬ŵټһЩҲ뾡취ŪĸŮȡ̳Ȩ
ҪûʷٷңĸŮƤͷһһȺǸ̵ˡ
ǰʱһֶϱͼȡ֧֣ŵŵټδ棬ΪһŮ˲ִأҪòʵȨ֧ȡŲ˵ȨһﱻŲׯ԰ĺ԰ʵءҲû뵽ľЩͼȡֵ֧Ĺ壬СЩϺת־Ųˡ
ȻôɵԭŲ˱ûʲôϵֻΪ˵Ŀһ
ʵôпᡣ
ԴǸԭΪ׼ȥ򳤵ֶӺŲѾĵײֹһεĸԼӦøĺһ㡣ǸֶΪֻҪóܻȡʷٷҵ֧֣쿪ΪԴ˵塣Ų֪ʷٷҶȨ⣬ҪȻݷǵһ׵ߣҲԾԽʶʷٷҵ֧ǶôҪ
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Ͼǿԭе㵣ĻỮԼ֣Ǻǳɵؾͽסˡ
ѪϴѾЧˡʷٷ´ǰĹˣǱͺڿһԼеƷ
ѪϴǺǿļӳʽ
ǿһ˵ʡ⡢ȵȣһ˵ԽС˿ѪϴЧԽԣ෴һսʿǾѪϴҲֻ΢еôˡΪսʿʾѾһͷǳӽϹѪϴò
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Ժûʱϰһˡ֣һؼ׵ʿ˹
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̵㽣Ҫ仯ʷٷұǴԼϵģĽˮƽ̲ãѧǰѻ۹ʱеĽɱأֻѧƽ̳ӵܡ
ʷٷҹȥвٵ׷ߣɮħˡսʿǽʥսҲùⷨȻ󲻵òνȥɱ
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ʷٷվһԿŲ˸ʿм򵥵ϰƺʿ츳ѾˣŲ˵Եߣʿ𾪵ıֱܿ仯жôԾ
ˡˡʷٷҶű˷Ųֵ
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Ų˵ԣҲ֤ʵʷٷҵѧ۵㣬Ѫϴʽʿжļӳɡ
Ϣһ°ɡʷٷ֤һѧ۵˿鲻ЦЦҪҹ
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ڽӽʱһ˴˹
һݿ̰ӣݷһĲ÷죬Ϊܶ͸רҵšһʹԼʮŮԣ΢еָ֣ɣȻʱʱ
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Ůӱе֣̿ӹͼֽϸ˺ܾú󣬷СǿԡҪ֯ٶȻ
ܺáʷٷҴһָûϵеʱ䡣
ķĲÿ֯һҾ͸һöҵı꣡
һ߲һöң
ŮӶʱ۾û⡣˷ģҾܰͼֺֽ֯



088 ÷죨
ʷٷЦЦ
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ʷٷһ˻֣ŽתԱߵӣȡһƤ˹ȥֱܷ𣿡
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ݷǵ֯ܿǰǸҲõѧͽ׼üƤۡ
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ĲޣȻʵ˿񣬲ֻȽͣĵĹʷٷûƽƵķ֮ߣһһĽߡûʵķߣħ޷ġĲ;ǳ㷺Ƚ鷳Ժܴδѧͽ۶
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ԶʮСʱжһܽдͣǰҪūǿķԪؾ飨񣩣



089 ÷죨ߣ
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󲿷ַе߶Ҫʹõɪǽ֮ɳȵȵϣǹշĹؼǸ߼ĸջҪʹСĿǰʮλݷǵĸ߼֯æµʷٷҪÿ츶5öҵı꣬ԺĻӦܹߵ10öҡһʮҵķĲû¸¾ܶħ̺ˡ

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Դӵ·󣬹ǲòֹͣ˿ɣںҲһЩ쳣顣
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090 ÷죨ˣ
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ʱʷٷҵоڹϣŬƤ۽ӽ깤ʦҲսͺŵʯħ
ȿ˹Сʱæ
ΪԼΪܸɵŮͣÿ춼ҪʱȥЩ֯ѧϰȻǰٲһıСϷ
ںѧŮʷٷǹ̬ȵģΪҲȷʵҪһܸɵŮͳ
ĿǰԽԽ࣬ȿ˹Сһ˴ʦѾе鷳ħȻܴ󣬵ϾֻмܵĿڹǿ֯쳧ǱߵͲ٣ЩطĶħƷܽʷٷҵĴǽҼŮ͹ȻͨǸҪģСʱ̣˥ϵúܿ죬ò˶þͱ긾ŮˡҪɻ컹÷нˮŮͣΪʵʦʷٷһЩõŮ͡
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ʷٷҿ˿1ɨĽϲЦЦ
Ƥ۵Ļǿȸߴ7㣬ʷٷûмǴĻͨȫײ10Ļǿȣһʦķ˵ĲǿˡȽ20ķԣֻҪͨѧͽʩչķˡͺǵǸŮվŲʷٷðɵҲһʷٷҴϺҲʽʦµķ
۲ɫ·߽µķۣ֮ųϵϢ
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ʷٷҺָܿյĵݣһֽƤϵαװתۼͱͨѧߴóۡóһ鴿Ļ˿ʱ䣬ʵħ̺ǱߵĽôˣ
ȿ˹СҪķĲѾ칻ˡץʱ
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ôһȻħ̺ˣʷٷϸ¾˸շУֻҪħ̺ĲϹ˺ܹܿ
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ʷٷҶڹֶεǺǿΪѧԺɵʦԶǵһҪ۹Ļȫķɵ籩Ҳ˵ġȵħ̺깤ʷٷҶ̽ϿĴ½߰˳ϵİգװϼʦ򲻹Ҳܹӵõ
Ŷά֮ɭλʦıʼǽʷٷѾ˽˲ԭסʦṹ
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ÿʦѧԺͺƶСΪϵĲ࣬ܶѧԺڵĹ򶼸ͬ˵ЩѧԺҪطѺܶࡣʷٷҸλʦıʼжϣЩѧԺķ¸ѧɻߺʦķ
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ֻʦ󲿷ֺΣգұʼ滹¼űǸаΣյĺʦĴڡ
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˵ʵܹά֮ɭλ޹СкʵаʦµóƺΪĶʷٷĺܺʦʲôĴڣ



091 죨һ
ļĵů
ʷٷٶݷǣһŲ˴һЩöƤ۵˳ʵİףͨƤסƤõǰ͵ĲλһͷѪô󣬸һξù⡣ʷٷһñףһ׵İףһǶ׵İףսʿòϣǿװŲ˵Ļʿ
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ͷԴʷٷʦΪװƷĿǰûʲôţƵȹҸԴŻŻͨɡ
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תͷһ㷢ССܽС㣬ھʱĽѧϰСŮ˴󲿷ֵ֣Ըʷٷѧϰڤ뼼ˡ
ܽС㴩һϮǳɫ˿߹ȹģϡܿŲСʱӣʵһӣžͺһСʹһı鼮ʷٷҺ΢΢СȹһŮģǳĹɿɰǵٲȺµӰСŮʷٷҵļͲǺϲ˵еܰҲܴĺӳܶࡣ
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ʷٷЦԴתСﱧ˳ȥ
ĿǰݷѾ棬ϲİ֧֣ӦҲû˸ŲĸŮʷٷ׼ȷħ̺ɱ㻻ݽӴԭסʦŲΪ׼һϾԶֶӵݡʵڵģһǰΪˣҲûʲôˣѵ⡣Ȼʹǰʷٷһ΢ıһԼģֻҪһ仯ϵСܹ㶨ˡ
̶һµʱ䣬ݷǾѾ˱ó׵ص㡣
ȥֻʢݷǻҾơȵȣǶЩܸȤǹǶԲǳ׷䳱ʪĳǱװϲɹöˡ
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æµĵȿ˹СһϢ
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ħ̺Ѿ깤ˡȿ˹Сϲõ
ոջʷٷ鲻̧ͷ𣿺ܺá͹׼Ĺɡ
ܿ졣
һž޴ħ̺㱻˹3.5ף2.5ף2ף˴Сǧý߱Ƶķۣ֮ħ̺ƽ𡢲˿Ƶķ֮ߣǡĸֱӡâһǶ˶ʮöϸıʯĸֱһȭͷСˮʷٷƵħˮ򣬴ŵˮ
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ʷٷߵĲְγڵǸȣԪسصĬĬӽε˽ȿ˹Сƿӿħϫ硣

ʷٷڷħ̺һ㣬һ˿˿֮Уǰķħ̺Զ˰С
ˡһ֣ħ̺ɵߡ
ħ߿Ÿܹռ򵥵ָʷٷֱȥȻԱ߳Ů͵ҪҪҴȥȥ硣
ãȿ˹С˷ܵȥ



092 죨
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ݵʷٷҲͬһĵȿ˹СǺضħ̺Ѿߵ׵ĿУһпСԶ˷ȺɽҲɼͯĴĵȿ˹Сڷħ̺һͷ׵ʱȥץŵͷ׵ë˺ü
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ħ̺·ʦʷٷһֱʧǰ

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ʷٷΪǱԭסʦԼ׼һݣȻҲҪıһ¸ӡ߽״ʦӵзϻͯ޷ޣȴͨһЩֶθıԼײ㡣
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վڵȿ˹Сǰ״̬Ϊʮʱʷٷҡ
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ʷٷŮ͵ԴȻºúÿҡҹʱͻ
˵꣬תȥ
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ܿ죬Ļе𣺡ǰʦսȼΪ15Ӧ󲿷ֵĵˡ



093 һ
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Ųٶȼʷٷʱеµġ
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ʷٷҽһöĻȻ̧ͷӦúʷٷҡΪԶֶӣҵĹ衣
͡ŲĪЦʷٷȳһƨɺʵ
˺һСΪʲôҪ⸱ģʵֻҪ΢αװһ¾ͿˣϿʦѧͽֻںûʦʣǵݣҲݵ١
ȥϾЩֻҪ츳ᱻǱʹߡ
ʷٷһµף飿
Ų˿Ϊȣǽ͵ԼǶʮǰɡҲǴĸ˵ģһ˽ӷıɱΪǡñӵʦ츳㱻˸ʹˡȻҲû˼ǰϿ˺ٻЩʧȥϵҵҲ
˵⣬Ų˲̾һ
̧ԴʷٷǰϿĻܲܰҴһõϢ˿ʮǰ廷ѧϰ
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ЩʦͲںƶ񣬻ʦ츳ļֵѾͨķ֮ϡ
廷ʷٷҵĿĵء
ڴӱʼ֪ʦѧԺ廷ǹɵĵط
Ų˺ܴûټȥʷٷյԴҪǰϿĻȫȥȴѡһıòʦѧͽǰŲֻ΢µ뷨ʷٷҴͷȥ͵ʦѧգʲôĿװ֪ͺá
ˡһͳɡʷٷһӵ
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Ų˵İ£һ㸺ʷٷǰٶ
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ݷǰٶ·̡
һ·ϻᾭٵطʷٷٿʮǰͬһ
еĻȽϳĬԣʷٷҲ˵ֻڷά֮ɭλʦıʼǡʱһڵٶ·ϻһҰޣɾͱˡ
ԺϿʦǾסڴͼݡ
ٶǱ׳ĳУϧսƻĺأһЩΰĵ޸ĺۼ
ŮۼУݵı˵ʷٷģعͰźֻ轫ŵȥ˰١ҪһЩãȵӵȫϡ
ʷٷһ·Ϻع۲ԭסʦѡѧͽķʽ
ǰϰˣÿӾʧ˳Щܿ뿪
ԼСʱֵʷٷңһģӽ˽ȥͼڵĳǰʦΪ׵ʹԼʮ꣬һϮεɫĳۣԱҪܶ࣬ʽʦ
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ԭЩĵʦǶʱ۾Ҳشʷٷҡ
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Ϊ׵ʦͳۻ룬۾עʷٷҵеȵʡǱȥˡ
ʦһ
ʷٷߵȥʱſڵ̴Ѿһߡ
áҽ˶ࡣеʡһԼʮ߰վ΢Ц
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ʷٷ΢΢ͷӦ
Ѿ˽ǺܿϧЩŮŬǰˮ޷һĹâ
1šɨ裡
ʷٷһӦѧͽ̸һ߶ˮɨ衣
ܿ죬ԭסʵı׼ͱŪˡ
ֻӵʦ츳˲ſˮ򷢳âǸ츳ˮĹâͬʷٷڲʱѹԼԪ׺ǲԳеʣԭס츳ԵֶƺȽԭʼ
һʱܿȥ
Щʦٲǧˣձѡеֻˣʷٷ⻹һԱĴӱѡУƺľ˻Ѫʮҵߡ
תʱȥ
һֱǺջʦǲ˷ʱ䣬еһ˺ѧͽǰϾȡ



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ʦ;ݷǣȻ󵽴Ǹٶ׳ѧͽﵽ˾ˡ
ӴĳӳϾ·һЩ˼룬ȵһݺ󵽴ϷߵʱѧͽѾʮˡʷٷһ·϶ȽϳĬԳٶʶļʦѧͽ⼸ûʲô˻˵ЩѡеŮǺ˷ܣһ·ߴߴ˵û꣬ЩʦҲϲܣѡѧͽʱƽʱټǡĿǰʷٷҼʽʦе̴˵൱࣬һʮˡ
ÿʦһƬ
ȵʷٷҵϾʱѾϰˣʦѧͽĿӽʮ
ƺЩȫջˡ
ΪΪ׵λʦֺ˱㿪ʼЩѧͽȥۿڵǴ
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ʮʦѧͽΪѾֳɺüС壬Ͼߵصȵȣѧͽòʱֵλ
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Ȼ˵һƬϿǵĴСǰĴ½Ҫа¡ҪΪ˵õԭסʦڤ뷨ʷٷٳħֱ̺ӷɹȥ
졣
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ʲôˣʷٷƿ˳ȥ
ѧͽ˳ʱһֵӼװǱع˽ɫŮöӥŮ

ϵײӴѧͽȥһ̱˼űץ˰С
ʷٷʱҲ˼װ帽̽ͷһʱüͷΪźѹѹһƬӥŮĿнǧֻϰŮԣſ˫°ӥצ񶾲ɱȻսȼֻ3Ŀ̫Ҳͷۡ
ЩӥŮ֣ϮֻȴôɱˣװϵʬȻŮԾӶ࣬Զץˡ
ֵӥŮļ𣿡
һеܻűһλʦ˳ֱ̧һɵĹߣһץסѧͽƴӥŮ˲䱻࣬ȻǸѧͽ۴ŵ˺档
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ѧͽ˻ش档
ȺӥŮڴܷ裬ǲץЩʦѧͽǿ׳ˮҲŹǵʦѧͽ
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һһӥŮ׹䵽˴УǸƺηƴĹա
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ͻȻ䣬ӥŮĽʧʷٷҵĶԽŮĺ߸ǲĳԣ滺˳ԵӤʱڶĸ׵һʱ䣬ڵѧͽñãȻһһߵ˼װϣȻЩӥŮ˹ץߡ

һʦΪ׵ʦڳˡ
ʱʦɫ쳣԰ףʷٷٶʱ˺ܶ࣬·ʲôʱ˺صˡԴǸһκʷٷұҲûм¶棬϶һλʦڳ洦
ѵ֮ǰˣʷٷҰԵ
һɢ
żװһʦѧͽ˹̱ǵѪζЩûɱ¾ŵ۴УЩѾӥŮץеĸƴȡ
Ⱦң
ҲҪӥŮԵ
ң
ӥŮԲ̣ǵȺûԣÿܽļڶϮ࣬ץǿ׳ԴѨιǳһЩĹʵһӥŮͻ佻һֱԷեɡ
ЩӥŮʧȥֵķ²˺Ե
ΪʲôƴҲҪЩʦѧͽ¸ʦѪйأͨ˽ĺ϶ʦĺ
ӥŮѷ²һʽʦôҲֻѧͽϴˡ
ЩӥŮҲпܳΪʦģǾ츳ļҪɼľΡôһĹʮʦѧͽֻʣʮϽ˺ףĲϮǱӥŮץסԶˡ
ʦѧͽʧأ෴ŮʦѧͽûӥŮᡣ
ʱ
ĿԽԽٵֻӥŮͻȻʷٷ˹


095 
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ӭӥŮʷٷʶһħɵ
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ȻʷٷԳֻĽֻڴսʿԣսĻԸʿǺɵġ
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һԴζѪɽ
ӭӥŮĲҽʷٷ˲̳͸˵˵࣬ԱߵǸӥŮе㾪ŵض㿪ˡʷٷҷٰν˹ȥһҽУӥŮĳնͨһڼװҽСߵĶܿ˸ӥŮǵʵ̫ˣΧڴֻܵľнǧԶϡܿӥŮڿ
װϵˮֻ϶ѾˣûҲӥŮץˡ
ڽʱ÷ǳ񣬱˵˺ʳħǶϮץȥеʦֻȻÿһһ߶ӥŮκһʦʮӥŮΧšʷٷҵжϣʦһףֻλʦӵж׵ʵҲʮϵʩߡ£ҪЩӥŮˣ¾ֻʩչһΧˡ

ۼʦѧͽӥŮһһץߣһӥŮ˴ڡ
λʦҲ̲סˣóһöɫıʯ̱һܳſ䱣У߸ӥŮΧ񹥻ȴε档
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ʦŷӽϴŲ̬ĳ죬·ĳʹࡣ
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ӥŮֵĽ𣬰żıУϰٸӥŮͨͨ׹䵽У۷ʦһ֣һֵĺԶתϰ㵲סеĵˡ
ǿĲٿԭסʦʷٷұ龪ȡ
ڷͷųȥ˿ƣħרһЧӵÿһƬжƵһ˲ܶӥŮ塣
һƬһƬӥŮ׹
˿̣е㺦ˡںеķΧڣֻӥŮɢӣȴû뿪ֻ෴ܴϰ⡣
ӥŮֻǺǻ۵Ұޣ
ʦһ£϶ʲôָǣ߿ˣһ¸
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һ⣬ӥŮͻȻһڲͬӰ
ӥŮͬһͷĻɫӽӽŮԣһëƵ·ӥŮ̻¶ֱ۸Ϊһ壬ȴָܹ°ǹ⻬˫ȣֻСµĲλצ෴ģӥŮ°ӥȺצӣǰӥŮͬӽӽΣĶͷϻǶűʯļªڡ
Դǵİ󣬲Ҳûиߵӥ˳ֹ𣿡ʦɫѿ
Աߵʦ뱨ѧԺ
ߵӥʦֻҪһЩºϿĵѾǸռˡ
ӥŮϮֹͣˡ
ڱʦǷֺǸߵӥΪɵؿ˿ʦǡߡ
һ
ڴֻܵǧֻӥŮʱܣǱŮ㻤뿪
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ۿûκεĻᣬڲ˷쳣޵ŮԸ˺ϣɫͷݼԿز°ǼΪββͲͬЩβеǴ֣βĳȼϡ
ɣʦɫѿ
һЦ
~εɫĺƲηǰʦЦһǡ
ΧŴֻΧתһȦ
ȷûܲųЩҴսսѧͽЦţͳͳǱڡЩǰ汻ȥʦѧͽѾκεټȫ֪ϵ

һʦһ´գʵľȭӡŭЩĺӥˣ
󺣺
ЩʦѧͽץߺҵĿԷǳͣȵѧԺӦʱǾֻʣ¹ͷˡ



096 ģ
ϵԱء
ڼװˮȫûʦѧͽҲʧʮΪ̫ƣÿ춼ѧͽ͸͸һЩǱӥŮϳģµľǹĸȫ˺޷־ᶨʦѧͽջ߳Ͷ
ӥŮߺʦѧͽ档
ʦ˲ᣬ򵥴㿪ʼɴֻԼԼʱ䲻ʦѧͽΪѺͻ飬ܿϧЩѾˡʦѧͽأٶʷٷҴкʦѧͽȫץˡһӥŮߣһ˺ף෴ЩŮʦѧͽֻһΪȵŮһ˶ûֻܵ˺صľš
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һɫŷ
ԶԶžͺһƬƣڿֻ̻Σ˱ӡ
ŻɫĳͫȫĻ棬һϮɫϵسۣڲɫ˿ߣһرһô£Ϊʲôεѧͽô٣
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Ϊά˶ʦǼ⣬עʱƤһֱ˵ĴһʦѧͽŵսսһʦѧͽѹŭϰȥЩӥˣ
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ʷٷҸе˼ǣϢ쳣ǿʦȻûͻƴ档
ȻѾܽӽˣϲûдʦ
ϢսĻҪʷٷ֪ഫʦǿһ㣬ʷٷҿԸоԷڸ߶ѹĻ֮
һӵнӽʵˡʷٷҰԵ
ԭסʦܰչȥķʽϮʷٷҵǸŮ׼ĶѾǹˣǸħĺʦȸֵһᡣ
ҪѾ˽ⲻԭסʦʷٷҿ϶Ϊһ仯εа
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һ޴ĸۿڳǰ
Ůѧͽ¶ٺı飬һجѾʷٷԽӽۿڱԽ΢Ϊ½е㲻һ
ܵˡԪسϫ
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097 ѧԺһ
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098 ѧԺ
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Լǲܽѧڤ뷨ˣͻܵһķЧħǳõԼܽӽ

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099 ѧԺ
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ѪͺչӦѾߣҪǰԤ

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100 ѧԺģ
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ʷٷһȥ㲻۾Եζõʳǰʹζ
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šſԻA+ĻԻ10öյĽѧ𡣡
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ģʽĽѧͽȫԼԸѡ
ܿ졣
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ʷٷٶ߳ͼʱһСϢͻȻһĴѧԺڡ
һ֪ߵغ½ѧͽȻһ˶ʮһѧƣʮŻѧƣѡѧƵĿԡ
ܶ˶ڳЦѧͽ֪ߵغ
ﻹи꼶ʦѧͽ̿ڣʼעѧͽܹͨſԡ
廷ѧͽ࣬һѧͽ弶ѧͽܶ˶ƿϽȻЩѧͽ˺ܾûǲܳΪʽʦԭĴ½ͻȻֵؿͺ̯ˮһը˲úܶ˶˷
Ҫ֪ûͨгͷģ
Ȼ廷ǿʽѧƿԶʽʦûа˾ųϵİգκѧͽ뿼ˣ
һҿƵĻúܲҡ



101 ѧԣһ
ʷٷ뿪ͼݺǻȥʹʹ˯һ
ȵڶʱСۡ
ι˵ûŵѹƺ°ʷٷҳѣ˶еηʷٷҡ
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Ҫ֪˶ʽʦģһûͨĻǿɾͲˡ
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Ůе㺦ߵسʷٷҵͷʾ⣬ʷٷҲӦԷЦЦ
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Ů׿ʷٷҺشԼķӣ̲סеôƯɣ
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⣬ŽѾڵæµŮѧͽݵؿʷٷңҪ֪ŮѧԺǳСۺͼǳ͸ƤƤһģԣϲ׽Ūˣѧͽ˽ΪƤƤ򡯡
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ֶʷٷҹȥֻھ͵³ҪȷϵʦϢʷٷҶǲǵ³ġ



107 ֲ԰
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ħ꽫һŴɫľ忨Ƭ˹
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ʷٷѧͽ¶ȥ򹤺ܾò׬ѧѡ
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޵ħҩѧħѧ
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Ԫسء񣡡ͻ񡿣һĻԪؽԪسصĵƻҪһǡ120öħʯҪ󣺶ʦϣ



108 ֲ԰ģ
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СŮŮٵ³ط¹ӣȻɴ۾۵С״ʷٷң
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110 ʢ磨
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ʷٷı飬ŮҲһĵģСԴģСŮ۽ˣ
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111 ʢ磨
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һģŮףʷٷҲҲ֪϶YYЩ׽ŪԼĻ棬ֱóѧͽһ㡣


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λĶǿһʲôʷٷҲƿѹ֪ͨûУ
ʦڱչءٵѾȥ֪ͨˡĪʦ
˿ǰάʬ壬̾һ
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ʷٷҲڴάʬ壬һ߰˫̥ãһ߹۲άϵ˿ڡ
άǰƺܵĥ
вչĺۼȴλãάλͬ۲ֶʯˡ
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ʷٷҾ׽֣ԵʯЧǱĳ߸ˣ
жϣάƺǱѹƵú޻֮ʷٷҲɺƳһԱߵʦħۡӦǶϵĺʦп׵ĺʦܹһԸʦѹôܻʦʵҲǷǳǿ
ܿϧԷǿߣʷٷҲ̽ʵǳ
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Է쳣ӵĴ磬ʷٷһʦ¹ƶԡ
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ּӳԵģֻҪɮƻԼԼôӳֵһֱ
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⻹ʷٷһμԷ˷ŭģƽﶼŮ״˿̾ͺһͷŭĸʨӡ
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ŮԶʱüܿշƱɫ˿̵飬ŮԭǸ
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ܹǿʦΪĵطȻһͨɭ֡
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һԲϾͶʹɱ֣ҪʦĻȫ
ʱŮײɨһԱߵʦ龪ȵ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
顣
ŮɿǰĻʦɫĳ裬ĿԱߵʷٷҡޱͰϣֲ԰һǰ֮ǰȫ뿪ѧԺ
ʦĪʦʲôҪȰ
ŮһֵֹһԼȥϯͣ
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Ů׽ϣĺͻȻſһԾӨѤõڰһĨŮֱӴռѷʧǰ
Уħۡʵףұӵ֧֣֪ͨϯĪʦ
ʦܿȥ
ԱߵԪسʦʦǰռ̨뿪ǰʦɿʷٷһۣ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
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һֱԷ뿪ʷٷҲ΢΢һ
ԪسصʦǴάʬ壬϶ǲô廷ȻӦĶҪ֪廷棬ԪسصսʦҲ൱ǿӲսġһȥʦԪسϵ
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Ϊʲô
ϵ׷ʲô
ʸԺУʷٷҽ˫̥ͻݺ̱ǰͼݡ
оҪˣ


128 ʦ
廷еء
ʷٷҵ￪ʼѧԺһֱǱȽϿɵѧϰΧѧͽȥҴңͬʱĻʦ廷ϯڷٻҲʦѧͽ񷵻ѧԺͬʱפʽʦǵһ֡ѧԺĴѾ˯ħѾѹֹκλµʦѧͽ뿪ѧԺʷٷ뵽˱ս״̬ûôˡ
ѧԺĴԪسػռǵʦһӱ
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129 ʦģ
ʦһԴְҵ
ʷٷԵİ۹ǱԭסʦĹ
κһǿʦ벻ԴζŰеʵʱ޿̲ڽСֻ廷ʦѧԺĲͬǣǾܵĽĽ浲ѧԺǽ⣬ʦѧͽһԿɵĻѧϰɳʦѧԺ򲢲ˣΪӦʶĲпᣬѧͽʱʼڲʹδͣЪʽĽģʽúܶʦѧͽʱھ;̫ѪȲп飬ںܶɳʦһ̶ȵŤ
գ޷ʴһʧѪбĺʦ͵ˡ
廷ĽģʽʷٷǱȽͬġ
Ϊʿʦѧͽʱڶ׶Σεʵ̬ûȹ̣۵¶ںױӰʱڡʦѪѾϵĸı䣬ûȫ½Ӵ̫ôһձڻĿǷǳߵģ
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Ϊֲ԰дƬֲħҩʷٷбŮЭÿеæʱŮ±һȺɰСŮǹæ
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147 ħҩѧģ
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츳ֲ԰ʵ̫˷ˣ



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۾ŮһźĿУʷٷԾܾ˶Է롣
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ĿǰȽϼªĵͼϣ廷ABCDĸʮƽңC-9Լ3600ƽطռ̨ʱħͼע廷Ƶı߽磬ͬʱһʾڵλáǰѧԺڵĸ߽ʦڿ̽Щʦǽڵĺ׵ͼ
ؾûʲô½أ󲿷ֵԴɢС



168 ؾ
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ʷٷҵǰһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ǰҰΧڼκε½أֻĺڣƺǳḻһƬûбʦӶԴ㡣΢ķԴͷҲ֪ʷٷҶԹŴʦ˽ӣԴҲ˿еˡ
ǰλںϳΪؾʷٷҰԵ
ڵڵϽؾûôռ䣬ĺʵ̫ˣŸðλġ
һϵԪռ䡣
ʷٷҵǸˮϵĽ飬ֱӴˮԪλ󺣵ĻôʷٷҵİλҲɸһӣֻ϶û
廷ĸ߽ʦƿĿռϣֱڵϼ޽˴ͽڵ㣬ѧԺڵĻʦֱӽطʦûôˣǱĺ׽룬˵Ѿ̾˲ٺʦɱˡ
ʦǳǿʳɭַ򣬺ܶʱɱ˸Ҫɡ
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ʷٷڣһеĻʦͬʱóˮºҩȥζ΢еֵֹģԭסʦħҩѾϰˡ
ЩҩѧԺһṩʮݣԳ60Сʱʱ䣬˻ôʷٷҵ˾ҪԼ׼ҩˡĿǰ廷ˮºҩĺܺã˫̥СһʣѾһƯСˡ
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ЩеĻʦǷ׷׿ʼʩչΪںˮʩҪһ㷨ĬСɡȻҪΪԼӾǿһ˵ĻҲԲ÷
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ƬҪʹõķǼӾһˮˮкѸˮУĻȵȡ
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Щˮĸֲ൱㷺ֻҪ̫ǣˮĸҲˡ
һȺ΢΢ɫӫˮĸǰǵĿͷˮлǳǰ۾Լ24ֻ۾ɢͷλãϸĻеͷƤ顣ˮĸβмϸĶ룬ͨ˵ֻҪӾʽʦжҲȽ鷳ΪԭˮĸħǵٿħҩҺĺʦ׷
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Ѿ̽ˡԱߵĹͷ׳ѧԺ̽Ƭǻǿȥصɡ
һռϰƽ׵ˮż
ǸˮѾƵĹܵħܹװѾ𻵸أҲ֪ʲô;ҪȵԺռ̨ʦоŪ޸ʹá
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ڽµﲻ࣬Щħ峤4-6ףͲ̣ˣٲֻԪػΣյħѾǰǰʮʦǵУħѾ߽ʦɱˡ
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ʷٷҸԼӳһŵǿιȥǰʮѧԺĺСˡ
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׼սĹͷʦһ



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Ǽӳ˷ܹһζʦҲѷӳԼսʵ
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ЩħǷǣ˿ѸٵıƽһѪ˹
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ʷٷڣеʦѸٿ˺ƽ棬һ΢ķ⣬ʦǷ׷վ˺ϡʱÿ˵ʩɶֳˣЩƽȵվˮ棬Щ㲿λˮ¡
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ԪسʦսǿЩǸҰһ
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ƬϢħͷңؾڵħȻǸԻأÿһƬռʳϲħһ˿ռһսƷֳǲܵģֱһȫӿռߣʽʦ϶СʹԪռ
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ʷٷһ·1Ѿɨ˲ٵĵͼƬ΢еţ޷ɨ赽зڡ
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һƯںϵСݳǰ
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ǰȻԪسصĻռǣ˿µؿʷٷһˣζСһǣû˾͸ҽ
40ʱ꣬Ȼ500-1000ꡣ
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ǰĺŮʵǿȻۣǸʷٷҵĸоȴӽ߽ʦ
һ˸ںŮ׵ĺСݣʷٷҺضĽſ뿴⺣Ů׵ʲôģֻ鱾Ͽر鲻٣ǺȴǻϿԵĻǺ˽һǵȻҲ浫ǿûʷٷô󵨡ǰĺŮϰ˾ȵĿ⣬ϺѧԺڲ֣󲿷ʱ䶼פں⡣Ѿϰ˵Ŀ⣬ʷٷҵ߻е㲻Ӧָоͺı¶ˡ
Ůײ۾ɨһʷٷңǼ˵̽ĺ򡣡
Сħħ㡣
ǺߣжħϢôöԸ
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Ů׽һ˹ΣտԴ캣ȣܾ뺣С̫Զ
˵꣬ɨһȦ˵ûµĻǿˡ
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ʷٷң԰ɣ
ʦеֻıУʷٷұǰĺŮ׵



170 ؾ壩
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ǰĺŮ״ͷϸ۲һ飬ʱʱ͵͵棬ΪͼݵĶмأǳĶ䱳еϸߣϷյֻڽˮкŻ򿪺ǰĺŮ׿Ÿ鼮еǳеƺӦ½ص½ش̫õĻ˥һֱȥŮϻкŨˮԪصϢʷٷԼŵһ㺣ζ
ǸϴǸꪽʷٷ󺣽λֱӹǸһƵζ
Сһ㵨ӺܴŮǸһ˿ζЦ⡣
һ£ֵӺܴеðļһŮǺϲǱܵġ
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Ǳ˴һǧңʷٷڿ˺ףƬӦΪģȻĺеС
׼ˡʷٷҽط˳
һ㷨עУһ΢ⲨɢⲨķΧڣطϿʼּ򵥵ĵͼһӺֱһﷶΧڵĻνṹ㱻¼档
еԭʼɨӦļʷٷҰԵ
طϳֵĵͼֻֻ֣ɨ˵׼ȷȽϵͣʷٷҹƬؾѾһϵת
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ʷٷָ̧ԼӳһʩչһӾһͷֱӸ˹ȥˮʩ߻ÿСʱ30ҵӾٶȣϼӾܵÿСʱ60ңٶȿܻȴ󲿷㻹Ҫôһ㡣
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ֱʮңѾʴķǳһ־ṹѾڲԿѵ·ƺܵĳײԶÿһξѵˮֻܵӵػǲֻڣӦöѾˮˡ


Σ֣ɨУĿΪħɨ赽΢ħϢ
ĿڸٽӽУ
һƬӴĺӰӽʯڳ˳Ѹٵʷٷҡ



171 ؾ
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ͱƽչ˫ȴԼʮףس5֣ΪΣһͷƽ⣬ʺ״ͷǰֻͻͷλͷ࣬βϸޣĩ˿ԿĶ̡
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൱ϵʱϸ׷ݵĻ»Զɪʱ֮ǰһɡ򳡿ͳεʱڣעǻ
ڣһЩΣյȴŴĺڹΪ飬ֹѾ˺ܾúܾáεĴǵڶħħĵΪĳ֣ԨĵڶħȡںԨŴ˳ʼĵħ
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ʷٷޱؽһȻѸٵ˾롣ǰܵ˵ħ㲢ûȥҪʷٷңһںˮ趯ȴϵԽԽӴس򺣵ס
սȼ6ңͨʦ»е鷳ʷٷҰԵ
ڳǰŮ׾ѾҪСħ㣬廷ʦѾ˽ħĴڡ

1űʾͻȻ𣺡ɨ赽Դ
300ס
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ŴʦշĺļӦþЩԴˣǰװùƾ߻ħġ
ħħ㶼ǷĶ𣿡ʷٷҰԵ
ǰħܹװмֵĶͳͳߣȻǳźΣƬѾ¼ˣʷٷҵħ׼Ūͼȥһˮ㡣



172 ؾߣ
ʱúܿ졣
ɫʱʷٷǸоһ˿ƣ롣
źСݵλøȥΪ˽ʡʱʷٷҴﵽʩչһһ΢еεķΪҪһʱǰġʷٷʩչһҲֻάֶʮҵķ״̬ļӳ෨ǰСʱʱ䡣ڸĵһ㣬ٷٶܸһȣɪʱķֻ15-20ÿСʱֱ˵۵ĲҪҪġ
Ұһ÷·ʦôòҪΪ⼫пһ߽ʦ
廷ʦҲ÷ȥ·ΪǱ뱣ķ档ҲΪĵλȽΣһʦǲŻƴȥоͷѧԺڴڵǵڶҲɪʱڵĸŻһַڵ㣬˷Ĺ˼ٶȷ60-80ÿСʱ
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źһ˿Ĺ󣬱΢ķͷСԶͨ顣
ٵӦûϲʷٷҰԵ
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ʦԥһ£Ƿһ޽ڵϵĸл߲ΪйŴʦ飬ЩʦҲӡ֮ص˶ˡ
Ůױܵ־ټû
ʦҡͷûСǰߵĸ߽ʦûдϢ



173 ؾˣ
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ʷٷҵǳ˳飬ŵ·Ƭû̽ꡣ
Ŷħʵʵظƨɺ档
Ƭû̫ķ֡
ʷٷҵĺùˣһ·춼ûп
ħôһ·ں棬뿪ʷٷһ׵ķΧȴܸԼҵɣһСе׷ȺһǱ뺣̱ǣ͵͵ץһֻзתһȦָ޴¿ںǱһӵˡ
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ӵĽĸ߽׺·Ҳ֪ôһȺ࣬һֱƨɺˣϷ
ԽԽ
һССĵ죬ֱҲʮףŲٵֲûкϢ

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ԭֻǱҰޡʷٷеʧ
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սȼҲ9ҡʷٷѸп˾ͺߵ塣
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ʷٷ֮߶أǱɴ൥ħıǽϡԴԭסʦڤ뷨ԽԽˣٹ͸һȥԸĹס󻹵ʩһƺֱὣȥͿˡ



179 ħģ
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ħ°һһ仯ʱһ˫޳˫Ѿ֣°βȫʧʷٷĿɨһ˫֮ı㣬ԵŴʦڸĹб˷ܵһΪħǴͬء
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ΪֺĳʦоⷨרžΪ˸βǻ׼ģ;Ҳ̫ΪѾüˡʷٷյǰ۹ʱڵĸ汾ʱֻܹշ㣬ôǿ̺㶨ϡ



180 ħ壩
ҵûˡ
ȻʷٷѾǷʱ䵽ʧȥЧħıеɥ
ոձ˫ȵͺʲôȤߣ˿һԼû湻Ͳ˵Ŀģȵʷٷ˵ԺԸ¼ϣԶ仯β˫ʱħһ²Ȳı顣
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ȿ˹СӦܸϵʷٷҰԵ
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ﻹǵ廷ѵͼŪ˵1ŵĳɨ㣬Դﵽ1.2ƽңҲ˵ôǰ۹ҪȻʱڸ̽ꡣ
Ŵʦòϲ˶λɣʷٷҳ˼š

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һɺתͷԵñŵħ׼ȻȥѧԺǸطʺ¶棬ܶ˶ħǳĲѺãҪҵ˽˰λڴһʱ䡣
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ʷٷҲֱ̤˴ڣ۾ʱѾص廷Ŀ
׵Ĵ͵û˶
ʷٷϸ㳯źСݸȥȵﵽʱʦҲһЩԭפĺŮѾˣ˻һԪسصʦ
˵ǰϷ꣬ŮѾϹȥ֧ԮˡԱߵĸĿ͵ƺеԾԾԡ
Ҫ廷ֻʦ֧ԮĻҲ̲סȥ
ꣿǿǺöʷٷҲеʧ
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ʷٷҺ뵽ʲô૵ꣿȻƬȺôпܻźϵ
ʱ
Ȼ廷ϲйؾϢʷٷͨһ鱨ϵױ˾ڵĿԡһֺϵ֣Ǿ޹ͺĺᣬﾭΪֵӴڡ
һͷǲҪǲʦ֧ԮģΨһҪģȺ



181 ħ
Сݡ
¹ʦ̬ȱȽ䵭Ҳô˵
ʷٷҴеĿҲˣĵ죬ɨõطϽѾĵμ¼УʷٷոһħŻʮöħʯң˳㻹ҵ˵ڶħһȭͷĽ顣
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һֵĻʦѧԺȡ꣬һֵĻʦ׼ս
ҪԸĿΪ׵ԪسʦʵսʦǷѧԺҲҪ½񣬲ħ廷һħĿǰ΢е㷺ˡ
ʷٷҵȻǷѧԺ
ƬؾǶʱڿ̽ģ׼廷ȴͷ󣬽ע˵
뵺졣
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챻һۿɼϰΧ˷Եħܹװͬʱ߽׿ҲһСӡϱ½һ¥һªʷٷҸоϢ
ɪʱԭʼ飬ԶԶȲ1š
廷Ѿʶؾľ޴ֵ׼Ϊפĺϻطչ
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ηҪ࣬ͷ൱⡣
ʷٷٶȻصѧԺʱоܰˡؾھûжٵֲ̬ƽһֿڲתһֿ»ҪؾڵԪͨǹӺζȷʵô
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ʷٷҵӰֺСŮŮ㴫ʷٷң
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ٵ¸˵һȦļϲ˲ٺ㣡
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ڻһЩСŮɸŷ˹ȻһǵӺСģͨ˶£ѹ׿ȴʷٷҵߣһңЩɰСŮشȴ񱴵Ůֱϡ
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СŮŮɵʷٷҵǰͻȻһĲǻ˫ֱǿŽҡҡλεط˻С
һȺСŮŮǳģ׷׷ɹæʮСŮö˻صĹǱߣһƬĻþռ䣬СŮƽʱס
ǸռںСֻСŮƤƤôͲܽ롣
ʷٷվԭЦЦųԼȥ
·ŸĶȴһ־ģʷٷҺĵЦЦҽһƤ˾ݺݵһ١
ʷٷ߹ȥζļܺáɵƯ
ƤƤǺܼǳġ
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ʷٷҡ
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ħ˳˳㻹һͨĴʦأֲ԰𣿡
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˵ÿһʱͻӵħأ
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ϹϷǱͻȻðһɺ̣ŮеܻӰɵУеץʧˣ
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ʷٷҵǲɳ˳飬Ȼ䲻ʦþò
š⻹ࡣŮ׿һԱߣͻȻȵħⶫҵģ
ʷٷЦ
ţ·ʲôͺ˳ʵʦⶫħ𣿡
һʮ׵ľ߳⡣
˫̥òɳԾסͣŮ׵ıҲΪȵɵģѽⶫѶԸģ

ȵѧͽǱҪǿһ㡣
ŮĪĵ
ȥһµǾ綾֡ʲôʵĲϣʵһҲǵʺͶؿԣٸŪɡ
Ů̧ͷ˿Լð̵ϹϷӣеεš
ʦڻе顣
ݰݣ
˵ܻ꣬ȥϹϷǱˣΪԶԶȥŻˡ



182 һ
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˫̥ԵͷСšʲôûнǧҪˡ
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ʷٷԾ꣬kͬҲȻϵ֣벻ٵµĸ֪ô

СŮŮʷٷеİСԴչȥҧһڣͷ͵óԣǰޱͰ𣿡
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Ƕ˰ŸŹǷ˳
һû˯ѵӣ˴к簲ȥϿˡжʦĿγ̡һٵ군ˡ
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硣
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ʦоħƿ¼˫̥ý͵׼һٷеķħߡ
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ʷٷ˼صͷͻȻüħôᱬըģȷǷоը
ߣŮײصһۡ
ʷٷЦЦҼǵͼݶĵʮ߸йڷĽоʼǡǸо¼ʮַħӡ̣ȻԱȷħ˵ħƿ̺Ǵһ㣬ѧԺоϽħƴ΢𣿡
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Աߵ˫̥һȻǺ׵ǸоӣʷٷҵĿҲһ˿Сݡ
ôҡ˭Լϲ顣ʷٷһӾѧԵĿ顣
˵ڸտ̺ۼɣɪʱڵĸٷе߶ְ취ģҪԭǽħӡ̣ȸܵķĿ̺Ҫ΢һ㣬Ů׵ҪѾûġ
£
ԭǷϵŮ׶ʱգۼʧǰӦȥͼˡ
ʷٷҺٵ»ȸԾ
ʷٷЦԴȻ˳ǰ˫̥ã˵ﲻǲеģû»ö࿴顣



183 
Ƿǳеһ졣
ʷٷڵɹ̫ٵؿϸ˫̥ġ
Զĳ˫̥ѾĹģһ廷ˮºҩ÷ȻܶʦᣬΪ˽Լû˻ʩչҩΪƷ
ˮºںܶʦ˵ķѵķֵԸɵһͷħˡ
˫̥׬һʣϵķ۶һɫħ˿ӡ̵Ļɫۣͬʱӳ˺㶨Ư
ʱ֡
Ů׻ˡ
һͼķϹСݣ鿴Ϊ˷ܣƺҵ˽İ취
Ϊʵսвٵı׶ˣʦǶڷศߵģŮ÷ٷеߣʷٷҵĹƣɹصĻÿСʱ250-300ķħߡ
ڳټķеǲˣԭסʦҲûܹ
ʷٷ޷еٶǹ٣ⷽоǴʦҪﵽٶͲʵ壬תΪ״̬ĿǰռﵽһеĲϡ
ҪϴﵽٷУʷٷҿµȥŤתһȦ
ķħ̺õþǷ̺ۣٶÿСʱ500ңҪﵽٶȱĸˮȫҺķѵħҲ൱ˡ
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뿪ռ̨ȥǱȡһԼĽһ67öħʯһʲСĲƸ
Դؾ廷ʦǶԣ˲٣ͬʱΪʦǰؾ̽ѧԺڵʦѧͽͻȻкܶԽӣһЩóħҲ

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廷ʦѧͽƱȽ϶ࡣ
ڽʦûЩˣеʽʦ뿪ѧԺ
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188 ߣ


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198 а飨
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199 а飨ģ
ʦһž޲ӡ
廷ϴξܾ񷴶ҪæʱʦҲûκεƢǽӵϢ̵ظϹˡ
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200 а飨壩
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201 а飨
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202 а飨ߣ
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1ŵĺ㿪ʼϵʾʷٷΣԣִ漶аѶԸҲпܷڸ廷ӣʦѹ£һħӦòѽ
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203 а飨ˣ
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ά˶ʦһ㶣漴һߣ鷳
Ȼô˵ţȴջػ»ΣѾ״̬ħ۴ӻи˳



204 а飨ţ
ܵµɺħۡ
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ԱߵŮҲ·һץסʷٷҵ·
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֪Ϊʲôλ漶ϯʦûнδӵʦݶŮףά˶ʦһλռ̨ĸ߽ʦ档
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Сģ
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ǲκʵĹֻ˺áһжĶʦǲŸոճ־ͱһַûˣתۼͱɱһɶ

Ŷ屻ݻ٣ʮеȴС꾧ʯ
ǰŵӶѧԺĸ߲㣬ͨսƷͿϣִϯʦĽʱսƷ׷ġʦͶЩô⣬Ծ궼͸ˡһǱʷٷңһ·߹ȥ˺üʮ꾧ʯƷʻ϶
ֲԼȥսͿԼսƷʵ̫ˬˡ
ΨһˬĵطŮҲһ㡣
һεжΪŸոմ֮˻ѹԼʷٷҵİȫʷٷҼúܻҲż˲ٺö
ռ̨ڵĹܶࡣ
󲿷ֶħͶ飬һ·ٸҲ֪жλ걻ˡ
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鶼ǴλۼһɱȻеʤ߾ͻɱΪ飨
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ʷٷһ˽ռ̨ĸ߲㣬һڷյĴųǰʦתҪ죡棡
ݶŮ׵ͷʦҲ׷ɢ
˺һ㡣Ůʷٷ
εжѧԺĸ߲㣬ʷٷι϶ǴͼսƷֻһҪæ
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󲿷ֵʦһʩչĸоڵðյĹУʦһǲ䵱սġΪƻ̫ǿˣǺܺõĵΣһˡҷǲ˵ģǵ͵ķ˶ѵ׷ڶѸʱӼȥòһǹĶѻˡ
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սʵеռ̨ڡ
ʷٷѹаľ壬Ǹʴʵ廹ʵУǱֹռ̨ϯʦ屻תΪаҪȻǲ룡
ʷٷѾʦѹ˾壬ǿߵ£սӦ߳ˡ


206 ǽ磨һ
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һǿϽռ̨׷ۿɼ͸ֱӸ˵ĽʱѧԺڵ˲ŷ쳣
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Աߵά˶ʦͷűӽռ̨ڣλϯѾڵȺĵ
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ʦҲ֪ʷٷֶܼõʱ䣡Ǳ뾡һеԴͷ
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һеֻˣԪسĸ߽ʵսʦһǺʦά˶࣬һʷٷûĸӣȫɫıֻ¶ŵ绡۾żбʱԿڲǿյģֻ硣
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ΪȥѹĹϵʷٷҵľ־ǳǿȻǰаǳ£ǱϾ֮ǵı壬ʷٷѹûġΪвڵǵؿţΪ˲ǰװ׵ԼʷٷҾװһԽԽģ
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ʷٷҵıԽԽƣ룬ɹ˵ýʷٷȻԽԽӽޣѹаķħβƣȻ֮ǵĻϵسΣȴɲֺܹ
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ΪǰߵѶȺܸߣԴ󲿷ʱ䶼ѡߡ
Ա֮Ϊ̫޵Ķǳǿ󣬷ӡҲάǧ꣬kҵܳ
һֱͷ˶Ѱҳɱkǵİ취
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207 ǽ磨
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ϢȻҪģҪȻЩʦԴڲҲ᲻ȶ
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209 ǽ磨ģ
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ʷٷֱԿǰռ̨࣬һ򣬸ۿɼĵɫֱʵֵҪǶڲ⣬Ϊȥ;ʦΪʵʧը



215 ̿Σģ
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Щģǡš
ͳƬصİ
ںʦǰλʪصʳ㣬Ҳǵʳ֮һ
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ԭ޷׷ݣΪֹѾֹһ˿峤ϰ׵ĳţӸͨ峤Ҳʮףٲֱѱħ裬󲿷ֶиԵҰ
ÿ궼һЩùʦѧͽɱ
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Ϊͷħţٶȱ࣬ΪҪһֵħҩԴбħŵϡ˾һжֵõģΪȵħɳǸ߽ʦҲĶ֡
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һϤ׳ǰ˿Էģʱ࣬ô⣿
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߾󲿷ֵĶأӵĴ󲿷ﶼΪѪʳȻҲȵħŽһɱ䣬˾ͻ棬ĵطһĸΪħɴǻпܻγһЩа
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һɲǼ䡣
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221 ߣ
˵ı˲ãȻ
ͫױôͣҲ˵ֿһ˿˿а⸡֣˴͵ϣһųʹࡢ־塢ŤģŸ֣ϵؿʲôȴջ̬ǰĹɵڡ
ϢѸɢȥ
˵ۿɼٶȿήҲʧȥ˴ˮ֣żС֮һ

ǰĹֽ˵ʬ˵ϣ˿ٶȱ仯ܿ۾³֣ȴ˵ģҿûκεĲ
ˡı¶һ˿С
ͺһ˺ܾúͻȻԱֱУˡҲûٿеʬ壬΢΢ħҲû⣬ǰţһ㶼ûзһʬ뷨
ܿ졣
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廷
ʷٷٶȻصѧԺʱʱ㷢ֺܶʦˮ
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ʷٷҵʦԱڰæ弶ʦѧͽʷٷҺ̱ǹ
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ɽǱߵħûôŨۻϢ
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һεжֱԪسֵģǰһ˶ʮʵսɵʦȻѧԺڵˮܴ󣬿ѾˡԪسصսʦһ·ƽƹȥλˮȾҲһǺ滹ռ̨ʦţЩطôһ飬ЩطҪЩ̱ǵҺ塣

٣벻ôûˮȻĹʱһ˵Ŀͷʦ˳ĸ첲һƬѪ·Ҳһȳһյġ
Աһǿ׳ĹͷŮԵͷǰû뵽ˮȻôı֣
走ĹͷʦŵͽЩռ̨ļһﲻҪʵùˮˡȻôĸ֣һЩϾȻᷢ⣬ķȺܶħﶼҪǿˡ
ĹͷʦԱߵʷٷңЦŴкʷٷңˣ
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Ĺͷʦʷٷʶ
иĿϴ̽ؾʱǸʷٷҸһʦʵǿʵսɡ
ǵһЩѧͽʬ˳
ЩȻбħʷٷ΢ɨһ۱ֵʬ淢˺ܶĲϣЩĳֻռ̨˱Ϊռ̨ʦϲЩ߰ħʵ顣
ʷٷкһº㳯ֲ԰ȥ
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222 ߣ
ڴɨ
ʷٷе˹ȥһ߿ʼɻ
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ȻǱϾռ̫Сˡ
ʱ֡
˫̥óԹһǧϻεʷٷ׼סĵطͷҲ׼ס𣿡
ҪһѧԺֲ԰Ҫһذɣ
ѧԺڵطҪȽϸߣûʽʦϵȨ޵ȼò
ʷٷҵݣ˫̥õ˽˿ռ仹ҪСһ㣬Ϊһֱ˯һġȻôӰ룬ǽʵҵҲĿǰ΢Сһ㣬ϾϾΪʦѧͽ׼ġ
˫̥סһ飿
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ʷٷҵͷ˵㴫Ů׵µҪô鷳
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Ůνػ˻ֵû¡Ŀյô࣬Ҳ˷ˡʱҸǻֳһƽĿյأӦùǸǷ˰ɣ
ҪǶˣһסĵġ
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ǷӶʷٷ˵Ǻ׵飬һͿԸ㶨ܱ¶Լֻó淽
Ů׽ģҪʲôķӣ
ҪҪһϹϷӣ
ǿҵķӶƯִ
˵꣬Ůһı顣
ʷٷ̧ͷ˿ԶϹϷӣ˵ʵ⽨͸ͯһһӾͱ¶ƤƤɵıԡһ߰ᶥʦôסķӣһ֪˻Ц
ʦԼưɡ˫̥㽵
Ҳһһס
ҲСҪʲôϸ˵ŮظóģΪزĵһһġ
ڶ졣
ʷٷȥһͼݣҪǲ½ĵͼҸɽȥʯϢѾͻһ㣬ɳȥʦǲûҵߵԴͷȴܶʦùֶɱˡ
ߵ廷ֺʱƣռ̨ǱڽоߵĽҩ
һ̫ͨ࣬ʦҲܵظš
ѧԺ֯һЩ߽ʦȥѰҺʦܣǶʱڿ»ûϢͻʷٷҵǾʦ˴γϵߵԴͷһ֪ǻʲô֡
ʱ֡
˫̥õסȶˣѧԺڵĹ̶ӡ
˵϶ռ̨ˡ
סһռ̨ŮףָŹװڴػҪԲõ硣˫̥ûǶСţ֧ħʯ͸ߴ500öƺ¶Ҫ޽һľ



223 ߣģ
ӹ÷ɿ졣
תһݾ͹ȥˡ
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ܸоҲ֮ܺһҲЩõĺʦǱĳЩӿµĶˡҪ֪ʦһĸа˵ȻΪаױаɡ
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Ԫسءռֲ̨԰߶ǿ񡣡
ѡһǵȥؾפأ滻ʦִ񣬻Ǹһǰӡ
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ֻͻ̬ǳʱŻ֣ŮһӣһĻͼθǰָеļЩطȥ˿ܼĳеشҲƬ½ó࣬ħŽɢȥĻռ̨ʦ㣬޷ơ
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ִ̬ȻǺܸģϲȥβܡ
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ռ̨ĴʹһȶѾʷٷҹʱѾкܶʦ͹ȥˡ
ҲɡʷٷҳԱߵ˫̥õ
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225 ߣ
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Ϥתʷٷһ˵ӰѾһƬɭش
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Ӧĳ߽ʦġլҲ۵ԪռķһլӡԪڣҪʱͷŷٻ
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Ϊ⻹һͳĴλʩߣˮҪǸ㣬Դʩ
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սࡢά˺ͰˣǿάˣǶһսʿԶ̲Ϊٵ٣ľĮԸͺ񰵺ھһһ˿ΪµĻɵġɮΪͻӺ֧ԮߣƶѸٷӦսϸƶΪ޷ؼȥս޷ܵһݶӵĲҹս
ʷٷҿľӱȽʺСģսڶԿϹаֿ´ʱҪܹӲֵؼײӡ
Ϊܼһ̶ʱɮǿþͺСˡ



010 
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ʷٷΪľӱִ䲢ɮ̫ˣΪռλܶ඼ѡ׸ǿɮɮǿֻԵģһһ£һͬλսʿѻһλɮӵΪСģսһ֧ɮɵľǼܻսʿġˮҪ㹻ǰստʼЩħϾͲܹý
һϸսʿı׼ʮ˰ͨеĳܹա
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˵
ʷٷΪĲҪؼװ䱸ƿʹùа򹥼սװӡ
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սͼ򵥶ˡ
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Ϊǰ˯ǻ۹ͻȻһ£Ӵ΢ҡΣһŲϵϣk·еɻõͳ૵ŵζǵģζ
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ԱߵĴ³һ𾪣΢΢ϥµʦˣ
ǻ۹ؿ˲ǵ³ϣͬʱҲ֮ǳе³ĵʦΪȻѾ޷µĵ³Դ类Ϲаʴʼеĵ³ǻ۹ɻѵġ
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Ŷǰ׶డҳ˯ˣϵǻ۹ͶԱߵˡ
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011 
ǻ۹ǸܵʷٷϲĽɫӵϢѹġ
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ԭʼ
ڶԪ浮֮һѪڣǾϵ֮
УŤеĶħҲУ
ĻԾǵkǵĻֻӵԵԳΪһԱkǻҪֻ֮ҪͱеӦһаҲ޷ӱܣkǾԲȫܿΡ
Ԫ汾ԣƶû̫ġ
ԺܶаҲ񣬵kӵеǿԻء
ϵľôһλǿԸıģҲǲɸıģڷ˵ʼ˾ֻһǾǳΪƽˡǹⶼֻеĲ޷ӱܵĶֻ
ﶼˡ
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ˡ
ʷٷҶЩǿúֻܵҪû˼һǧҲһҲãԼȤĻšоҲΪ˿̽ԴİأΪֻԡࡿԿʱ䡣
ǻ۹Եúƣ롣
kȻʷٷҵϸܵϢȴûзԼϣĶ
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µѾݽߣǻ֮ûǧʱҲ޷޸ĴˣkϣӵȻףľߣʷٷһʦǿǻ۹еƣ룬k˿ԱߵĴ³һ֦ʷٷһ㣬ˡ
Ȼͬҵףɣ
Ҳ֪һѻǺʱܼ°һҴߣ
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ǰѵƣõk˵еٻ֮Ƕڵغ˵ʴѾõkǳڴ³ҪֹĿУǻ۹֦ʷٷҵһ㣬һŨϢȻ֮ӵʷٷҵڡ
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ܵȻ֮ף
ȾָУ0.10.10.10.1ӣ
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ֲܵЧӳ֣
ʷٷҵľһɲǵĻ㱡
ͻȻ䣬ԽʱһεɫĺƵǡԸܵɽɭֵǲκεʾʷٷұ֪£Ǻܾúܾǰ¡
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ԵĳǿӡֵĵطһɼµаҲѣkʴ磬һһ㽫ۻؿǡʱ俪ʼţԾ˵ٶȿʼɳĮȻ𽥵ʧȥаڵλѾһƬµĴɳĮɭһһήʧûţµѸˣֻʣһ̵㡣
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ʷٷʱǰǻ۹Ѿ˳˯
Աλ³׶ࡤߣֹ˿ʷٷңڿʷٷ˫ۺλ³ʦѾٶ˳˯

Ҫ㡣
һŨȻ֮ʷٷҵʡ
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еףҪӴһ㣬ʷٷҿԸܵԲڵֲϢ
ף𣿡
ΪʲôҪҼӳ֣Ǹ˿ҲѸٴһǿĵ³ɣ
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յǰٳΪһ³ǻ۹ӳֵĴֻܹӳ30%Ч
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ô˵Ű񼶵ĹʷٷǳãܵġֲءδоܴͬԳһáֲǿŽɫӡ
Ѿǵһ˸ܵʷٷϵϢ
һǱŮһǻ۹ƺЩܵȻף׸ܵһ˿Ϣ



012 ģ
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ڱϹаĥҴ߶ԣѾûоȥ˸̫ࡣƽĬĬ˵ʬ壬ڸ߽ɮ»𻯣һЩӽ̾ĶĴƺĳصķʽ顣άĬĬؽս˵ĹǻռǽͿĨԼϣЩֱΪͿϿϡǵĹϴͳЩȥӢ齫ͬڣһͬսȥ
ЩӰ֮ҴǱʷٷеĻҪ㡣
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ϿȵŴʦѾʷٷҵĴڸ֪ᣬΪ˿ڴӭıŴʦ
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ʷٷ̧ͷһܹҬֲŰȵȣһЩССĺֲڲķӳ֣ƺǳԵ³ֱʡǧƽۼʮ˿ڣҴ嶼ܹҲΪ֮ǵвЩͬദǢΣͷ嶼ʱ˹ȥĳɼŽһ
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ϿȵѾȫ롣
лһλε񣬲ھôʷٷҶѾûʼôˣеעԱߵĺŮϡ
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ʱҪǵĲܹܲΣβҵսʤ֮ǵϣ



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Щ˾֪ͷʱҲֻѡӱܡΪտڰ˵仰ܻʦǵͬȻǲϧһеذǶԸ֮𣿡
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ʷٷҵĻ˶һ£Ǹ߰ҲǳĬ
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սʿֻҪӪϾ㹻ĶһἤѪʦ绷ְҵ߸߶ˡ
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ԲУ
鷨ģϵһǼʴŷô죿鷨ʧЧĻתۼ֮ǾͿԽﳹ׻𣡡
ˣΪ֧ʷٷҵŴʦͰ׶ࡤҲǿҷԡ
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ʷٷͼ˵ǼʴŲ̫ܻŵ鷨ЩҲ쳣̵ıʾԣҪʷٷҹһռꡣ



014 Ǽ֮ţ
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ʷٷѵʧ̬طһƢڷйջǽ˵飬ѰһȶĿռꡣΪԼҲûоԵİտԱ֤ǽ紫Ųŵ鷨֮ǵѾ̫ǿˣһµĻǲ롣
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һ˸ʷٷ;棬һƬƶأɳĮѾǳˡ
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ܹƵϵĽڵ㶼ǴڵƵĽӵ㣬ûʲôĵΣƽֻôһࡣи汣ʷٷҵŮcһɮһСάˣΪΨһһʦʷٷҵҪӹɵġ
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ʷٷҵ̧ͷһ̱㷢ǿսʿѵĿЩ϶иɮɰİȱ䣬ά˾Ҫ򵥶ˣҪôϳصȫףҪôֱһصʯ
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ԱߵŮcС֮ܵ飡ϷȺɽػߣ
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Ӵɽ˸ıϿȵԽkλԽǿǿԴﵽ3.0ϵkԽԶĵطԽøû𡣻ȽϿɽ˵ȫǸְ߽ҵߣһʯ޽ѵ
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⸽ĵأƺˣΪԭ±仯
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ʷٷҵĹƣֿԸıĴ֮飬пܻշƬ»һڵ㡣Ŀǰǲ֪Σ»һڵĻӦǻɽ֮ء
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ʷٷҸư˵ϣųϷһָӦþǰ治Զǹȥ



015 Ǽ֮ţ
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ʷٷŵƲǰԼʮ๫һƬɽļзҵһڵ㡣
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018 Ǽ֮ţ
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Ϊһԣʷٷҽֻ˴ʮСȥʮСһңһֵʳЧʲߣĿǰֻǵͲԣõǼʴͷʽ˫ţֱӿάһʱ䣬ͷڼʱġ
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ھ͵ʷٷҼǼ֮ˡ



021 Ǽ֮ţţ
ʱúܿ졣
ڶʷٷұָӸħŲʳ˵ڣΪϵԴѾвˣʷٷ׼ħĹģ12ʯħ׼һӣʮӣԺڵ½һħֿ⡣
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ʷٷԵǼ֮ŵĴ͵꣬ĴʣھȵҪҪߺܶ࣬һͻ鷳ˡ
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Ǽ֮ŵĹâ𽥱ðʱʷٷֹ̱ͣʩһʱ䣬ЩӦù֧һʱˡ
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ʷٷҲܰȫľǱߣڰʦĵڸŪ͵ûȥ廷Ǳߵôˡ



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ȻһδͶӴ˿˵Ǻֻܶ࣬Ҫ㹻ôԴԴϵػĦ̩Ԯ
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ⶫֻͣΪʷٷҵڶûŪǸɫӵİ취ҪǿԽסϵķȾͺˡ
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ʷٷһǲ֪ôܽΪһ쳣ǿɫӰС
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ĿǰʷٷһкüʵħҩûзùķȾĻϿһͻơ


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뿪ǰȵĻѧԺı仯ƺǺܴ󣬲ڿƬħֺʷٷԸо˵ӿ
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Ÿվ˫̥õ󣬴˿ĿɿڴؿǰһУʷٷҵѾ˳ݡ



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ʷٷɢӰ֡
ΪѾˣʦӰѾ˲Զ
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ô˵ﶼ̯ӣȻ鼱֮ûбİ취ʩչģô˵Ρ
ʷٷóһСɷĩȡһˮʼ¼ģ۹ʱʩǱ㿪ʼоμٷȾȻĿǰûа취׸÷ʱһƬȫûġ1ŵļ㣬ûǿĵ³ȻķȾҪһҵʱŻ᳹Ŀǰ򵥵Ľ취ǽýӡȴȻȥһȾ
öˮʷٷע˵¡
ɫĽҺڵ沼һصķ󣬰һɢһε罫һ֡
ۣ
ķȾѾûˣʷٷҺٵ»ʷٷҷһȦȻһڡ
ܵȾʧ
СŮþһֲ԰ڷȻشʷٷҡھôõĽӴЩСߵСŮǲôˣû˭ҽ뿿ʷٷңֻƳһȦʷٷһ赸зǳ滺
ûκεԡ
ֻҲСŮڱԼϲС


026 
ȫݵС
ҲǼƽ׵ӣΧһȦ滨ݣһ۵ռСݡ
ʷٷҽķȾ̱һģһСŮɵ˱ŮĶߵ˼䣬ȻСŮŮ̧ͷؼˣ
šһǻȥʷٷҵͷ
ؿ˿һģһСŮϾȻһ˿ˮϢҲҪСŮܶ࣬ΪտʼǻɵʷٷҲʮ׵λúȵʷٷһعͷǵʱСŮַɻȺУ󲿷СŮ񣬲ϸĻѷֱ·ǾʷٷҵߣŮЦļϣСڲڵĺӣ
Ҫ츳ڻûгꡣ
СŮһڡ
ûгǰСŮǵԸͺϲֵĺӣҲϱȽɣֻгСŮſʼӵгǣһѸ츳
ѹˮϢԭǲ浮СŮʷٷһȻ
żϵıŮʾһ£óӡǼиĸʦ
ʷٷιǴģݾǸŮӵİȫݵ㣬廷׼⸽פһʦܿԪسصսʦͻ˹Ϊ¼еĹףʷٷǰʦȨޣѾѧԺ뽨ʵҡͬʱռ̨Ԫسغֲ԰ĲؾҲʼʷٷҿţЩطҪĹ׶ȵģܶؾǲ롣
廷תϵѧԺʦݻǸ޷άֳõġ
ʮӺ
һ糺ɫ۵ԪسսŮ׳ǰ
ʡ
һĴͷʿʦ󲿷ֶףһͷҲÿġŮʷٷǰûмԷͦϤģڰȫݵתһȦһķȾͷʷٷҶ԰ɣ
ܺá
ԺӦסˡǵѾɣڿ׼ȥˡ
ȾȻȫʧ
ֻҪ͵ʦвͿˣϾŸով˱ͨڸ϶ǻġ廷ƬҲʽʦϣǺĵشûʦʵҲǲġ
šʷٷ΢Цͷʵôˣ
ôλ糺ɫ۵սŮʼ磬ΪˬʵЦǱߵԪأȾǿȸߵÿħҩ
вؾռ䣬ÿ춼вʦȥ
ЩʦŲһѾ˻ѧԺˣЩʣĵطʵ̫ΣգѧԺҲð˹ȥ̽
ˡ
ڶŲѾͻѧԺڲˣȨӦÿȥһһ¡
ϸ̽˺ʦͼݣĿǰѾһֵķϣߵĺʦƺоһЩΪ·
Ϊԭסʦڲĸңܶ෨ͨ֯ڡ
ӵĺʦѾȫû΢һЩͽʦѧͽѾ廷ˡϴսҪڸûģĿռôӦûؾռ䱣
ʷٷԳ˼Ƭ̣ȻŶԷ΢Цл
ʱ֡
ԻͱŮЩСŮǷѧԺڣĿǰӵĻܸӣһָȾߵħھȾϴѾԽԽΣգǿȷ񱩵Ԫ塣
СŮսǺģûжֱ˺ķ츳ҲڻϵֻбŮһЩ䷨
ڻȥ·Ҳûʲôˣ廷ѾģʣûҲʦ䡣ʷٷۿűŮ봫źſʼǰӵĺĵشһιҲеҪġ
Х
ʷٷҼαװӵĺĵشʱ̱㿴һڷŰĿ硣
ͺһ磬ɸתƹ壬ʱʱԾһɫĵ绡ڱȽ־ԪģģֻԪûôֻǿԴֱɡǰľͷԪͫ΢΢죬һ񱩵Ԫ壬Ϊתɲͬ״̬˼άȽϼ򵥵ǻ᱾Ե׷
ž
һ
ʷٷһ̧֣һεſСͷԪصսȼ3ͷԪصսȼ6ͷԪصսȼ9ͷԪصսȼ12Ԫسϵսȼ15
Ŀǽ˿״̬ôսѶȻҪһǰͷԪĸʦ֣»һԴù
ʷٷҪľԪ֮ˣ



027 ģ
Ԫֻ쳣ڳ֡
Ǽͨε쳣ôԪĵ
ǰ񱩵ľͷԪսȼߴ13ðԱȵĻɸɵһͷڵİʵϸ׳ڵİࡣּһλѾһСBOSSˣԪλĻԪֻһЩС㡣Ҳ˵ЩǿޱȵİԪؾ飬ǷǳԪسϾ͹ЩðԪλðǳͷˡ
ˣ
ϣһܸһ㾪ϲɣʷٷ૵
һ·Ѿɵ˲ٵԪ壬ܹõԪ֮ȴһûҵ
ʷٷĿǰֵһԪء
ҪܵҪԪ֮ˣôֻȥһ˷Ԫλðˡ
ž
һԾɫ绡ʷٷϮ߽׷ԪԴ繥ǿʹ硢籩ȵȵķȻǷǷԪصٶȷ죬ΪӴͺӰ
ͱ˵ǰľͷԪأߴڰңҲ¥ϵĸ߶ȡԪ̬⣬ûκεҪɵֻܿӲʵ
һ˿ɫĻ渡ʷٷҵġ
ӭľͷԪأʷٷֱӱһ֮»˹ȥɲǼͷԪسʹ˻ͺǹŭԽ˹û嵽ʷٷҵǰһ֮»ѾӵϣڳʵŭǰľͷԪɢ˵Ԫز᳹ȥǻڷԪλ»۸ȥļǿ϶ᱣˣҲûжټ
ɢ
ʷٷڸɵͷԪصʱûһţǵǰľͷԪɢʱıȴе
ϸضǰɢĿ绡

һöɫıʯǰھͷԪسɢ˲䣬ĳصı仯ɢͻȻ俪ʼڲѹձһöɫᾧ塣
̫ˣ
ڵԪ֮ˣʷٷ̲ס鼤
ǰһ֣öɫĽᾧģڽӴԪ֮˵һ˲䣬ž죬һɿ񱩵ĵͻȻʷٷ˶ɶһ£ëҺ֮Ŀǿʷٷϵɫ绡ֻԾһ±ʧˡ
ǿʷٷҲŭϲ
Ԫ۵Ԫ֮˲̫ȶʱܻɵ
еСˡʷٷ濴ɫһ˿ʧųеԪ֮ע뷨תǰԪ֮˿ʼԵȶ
ʷٷ̾ϢȻǲһ㡣
ˡ
ȽŰɣ
Ԫ֮˵ĵ伸ʺܵ͡
һ˵ֶҪȥԪλҵģʷٷҲôȥԪλ棬ĿǰܹλҵһѾ㲻ˡ
ȰװװԿʷٷڽᾧһһ˿˿ɫ˿߱УһҪǹתĻԺͰװԼķȥ
Ժ׼ʷٷҵݻլʱҲҪõԪ֮ˡ
ʦкܶ취Դ
ҪṩԵȶȴףҪһתװãڰ۹ڵʱʦǷ˷ԪصԪ֮˿ΪתװãΪ̬ԪĺͬҪӡһЩĸħеʷٷҪľһתװãһֻҪע뷨ͿԲϳȶӦԪغģװû㷺Ӧõܶĵط˵Զɿ󹤳ʯħܹȵȡ
Ԫ֮˵תЧʻ
ǳתĻһƷϵȵԪ֮˿Գʹôʮ嵽ʮʱ䣬ɪʱڵתװöˡ
ۻ֮ˡ
ʷٷҵӰڿն۷ΧûпԪصӰĴԪֻлԪţֻҪǳֵĵطԶԿ
ЩݻϲյܵŵһУ
ʱ仹硣ҪȥЩؾ濴ʷٷ̧ͷ˿ɫ
ܿ졣
Լӳһ磬ѸٳӵǰԴʩչûлȥأ
񱩵Ԫ
ʷٷڽ뱬ըķΧ̱ܵǿҵķ䳡ͬʱܵԪҲܿ񱩣еǡħ򡿡
Ҫʱȥȶ
ͻȻ䱬̫ǿˣھԪضţûмµʱȶԪ嵽ΪжĵͽԪԶ׷Щ
ߡ
ʷٷҹ۲һܣûзʦǰһӣǰһڵĿռѷ𽥸֡



028 壩
һ΢ķ⣬ʷٷǰһƬƵ硣
еİλ桢ռؾĦ̩ϵģǾͺǼһȻϵСӡĦ̩ϵؾռѾʷٷʩչըķˡ̧ͷ͸տԿһƬŤգһڲϵسȡؾڵĿµĴҲѾѱڿռԵλÿԿһʯߡ
ؾռ䶼ڲϵСûдʦ޸Ļһʱͻ᳹ʧ
Ѿ𻵳𣿡ʷٷ૵
ǰľô˵أ
оһź˵Сͳв࣬ʵʦѾױѣԶԿ޴İӣԼֲŰĳؾλãѾѿһ׵ķ϶ֻܹһƬ⸽Ҳе쳣ԿһЩʯƯڰСؾĿռ䶼ܲȶһߴ˵طпܱȥ
ܶཨˡ
廷Ⱥ߽֯ʦӹ棬ʦ֯Ҳ͵͵˹̽
ЩȽϰȫĵطмֵĶѾѹˡ
1ţ
ɨ踽쳣ռڵ㣡ı仯
һ־Σյĺǰ
ʷٷǷ״̬һҲѣЩѾһĵطûȤȥģܹĿֻһ
ʦ
ΪĿֲʦѾ׶ѱ
ʷٷҿ1ŵɨ跶Χ̱һΣյĲȶռѷ죬˹Ѿòˣʷٷǽεľ飬ڿռѷ컹Ǻоö̾ĴͷԾΣյشȻһؿʦλá
⣡
һεɢ
߽ħƷɢ⣬ͨħƷѾ𻵣ܹĴ󲿷ֶ
һڸ֪ڡ
ʷٷѸٶֿڣŸСڷһͨʦԭĽƷѾˣҲõĴʲôΣյķ塣
Ӻ
ʷٷڷڿһεСֿ⣬ոմͨ㱻ǰһƬ۾
ƽ
ܶܶĻƽ
ʷٷһɨҵӣ˽գԱǸϡŹֵĲϣ󲿷ֶװƿƿ޹棬ΪըѾһġڲֿĽСӣʷٷ߹ȥСؿһָۣ⸡һĨɫĹâžͺǹСӵĽջ˼£ְȥƻԭķ壬ЩȻȫ˼塣
顣
ʷٷһӣʱһƬ߲ʰ쵵Ĺâǰ
ʯ
ܶܶıʯ
ʷٷҳһɨٶöɫʯĸߴˮʷٷҸе˵滹˲ٵľٽط֮ȵȡ
澫ģȻʮҡ
ԼأϡнȽ٣ԭסʦҲͨõġֵǾȻһǿյġ
ܿ졣
ʷٷվһǰ
һʵǳɫӣӡʮħƣ䳹׷յġʷٷһشǰӣΪѾ֪ʲôˡ
У
ʷٷҴ򿪺ֻǿһۣѸٵعӡ
һСĽУǴĳװģħʯĻЩп¼ֵöħʯ
֣
Ϊʲôһöħʯûʷٷɻؿ˿ܡ
˵ĲֿǱضħʯģĿǰʷٷһûпڳǿ˲ħʯķĩ
ħʯķĩʷٷ˿бѾȻ
ʲôǰ
ĶȫȤǰеħʯˡǰᵽһ㣬ħʯΪʹ⣬Ҳʦ䷨ĵߣڲħʱҲᾭõ
ʲô˻ЩֵǵϡбʯϲȤֻЩӵħʯأ
а
ʷٷһǰǽһ£һá
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һصİǰʷٷֻǿһ۱㲻ɻһ𣬱ʱе㸴СóеǸħȡ
һǿħȡ
ʷٷעҪΪħȵĶǶö쳣ɺɫʯӡ
ߵʯħ۷ȣ
ʷٷұе㸴ӵǶĿ֪һ۾һã
ûȫڲṹ
ҵƷʵѪ⾫ӦÿԳ¸ɯװȥ
߷Ůɯ۾
ӵĺʦǲ̵ڵ۾Ȼ˫۾ѽӽȼʯħ۷ȡ


029 
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ڳƵľУʷٷҸоض
ܵĲǽھҡΣʷٷҲԭͣѸռڵж̾봫ֱͣӳ˸ĵطʱŷڿѷλãһԼһٶƽ׵Ѿֱӱ룬ؾ½ؼϱѸʧڿռڡΪһС½ؼܵ룬ؾϲĵ涼ԵѺۣЩۿĿռѷøΣա
λĽṹѾˡʷٷü˿Ҫյˡ뿪ɡ
ǰѾм˹ѹι
ǱΪ̫Σղû˹ȥȽϰȫĵط챻ˡʷٷҵǻӦһħƷ⣬λþʹѷԵΪԭסʦħƷȥðôΣе㲻ֵá
䣡
ѷıԵشһƵķ˲䱻ռ飬ת˲ʧǰʷٷһ㣬һͨĿռźѸ뿪
Ѿˡ
ʷٷٻħֱ̺ӳĴ󷽸ȥ
廷Ƭȫݵ㣬һɱŮʷٷЭɵİȫСݣλڱըʮλáڶԵĴ󷽣һٶ๫ӣһСͷҪ
Ӳҩ桢ħŵȵȣ廷ǿ϶ġ
Ͼŵӵӡ
ʷٷٶȷѧԺڣֲ԰澲ĵһƬŮСŮѾ˯ˡ
ϰԵĻصߣȵƿʱʷٷԼ޽һӡʱΪӵ¼ʷٷûռ̨ʦ깤Ѿ뿪Ҳ֪ռ̨ûаչȫŪá
ʷٷ½ķӾݺ治Զ
Ƭһӣһʷٷҵģһ˫̥õģǰһԼƽ׵ĳ˫̥ÿѵĲҩأܻһȦĻݣŲ˫ֵ̥ģƺǳԱŮֱʡ
ռԼһٰʮƽңʽеǴŸʽĶСһĿռ䣬滹һҡ
ʷٷ˽ȥ
̧ǽϵһöˮһ㣬΢ķʷٷҼħӡǺһյյˮâ
΢еտ
ȴڷһЩҾߺճƷ϶ռ̨˷͵ģӦֲ԰׼ġ
ˣ
ǸһЩҾߣҪǾòʵĻԺٻ
ĽŲ
ߵĶ˫̥õӰ˷⣬΢ЦߵʷٷҵԱߣСռ̨Ūúǰ򵥲һ¡
㳣õĶˡ
šллʷٷ΢ЦлָˮһĨħˮƶȫرգֻ˴ϵһյơ
ЩõѧԺԪسص
һ˵ֻҪַǳǳصʵ飬ѧԺڵĸǸʵġ
ʷٷң
Էû߹ţҪҪùһ㣿˫̥õһ
ʷٷҲûпֱӵͷá
һ΢ЦתԼķ䣬һվΪǶʱûڣռ̨Ĺ̿ѾȰ渶ˡ
ĽԼȥŪ
ʷٷҵͷʾ֪
ĴתһȦȷشʱѾһһ׿ʮ׵ĿţԶͿŵ˱ǣſĽƽ࣬һЩϡеϡ
֣ʷٷ´ҧһڵ
˫̥΢ЦԱ߿ԣ˿ͬʱͷš
ѧԺűˡ
Ҫ׶ȺȨȥ룬ǴʳǱĲϡ
ó𣿡
ʷٷ˿ںرһſУ̧ͷĴָ޵⽹ۣóԣǵսܶ࣡
һɹůθӿ
ȻŮ׵գǳԸоò
ϲԾͺá˫̥΢Ц
ʷٷҵθڲôһűˡޱͰʱ䲻ҲȸˣǻסʷٷҸڡ
һҹȥ
ڶ峿ʷٷұȥһռ̨ѷӵȨʵ˳ռ̨Ĺ̶ӵһռ̨ʦͨװѧԺ󲿷ֵĽɵģ潨İȫݵӷӵһ
ʷٷʱֱֱӷر
ȻѾҵ߷Ůɯ۾ôȻҪܸܲŮװȥ
ϧʦҪȻһߵȸԭ͸㶨ˡ



030 ߣ
ʦ
λڸ˵ռ̨͵Ĺâʱȿ˹Се㾪ȵѸٸ˹
ʷٷҵӰ֡
ȿ˹С΢΢ȹʩСˡˡ
žડ
ħӰҲ֣ܿбһ鿾ھ׽еڳݲôôͻˣΪҪȵ¸أ
е¡ʷٷ΢Цȿ˹СԴ
ͶԱߵċŋſڿеģʷٷ΢΢üͷָ̧һš
ʹеСίضȥ˫ֻſⲻš
߷ŮӰҲܿ֡
ʷٷ΢΢ƽˡˡ
λŮ;ʷٷ̬𾴣Ҳƽദ䵭һ
šʷٷҿ˿ǰ߷Ůӵķҵ
ħ˳
ǡǡҵ۾ԭƽ߷Ů˲ɫ䣬˫΢΢еҪȥǶħϵɺɫ򣬵ɫȴ͸һ˿־뱯ˣһʱԭء
Ϊһʱ̫ͷ߷Ҳԭ΢΢ҡ
ۣ
ǰɯ۾𣿿źƯ͸һ˫ʯһħЩûûε
ȿ˹СҲǳԾסС죬ĻϽһѡ
ċĻ˺ɯ
ﳶҰ˫۾ĺƯյʷٷǰŮ;󣬲ʷٷҳͷĴҲġ
ȥ˳򣬽̧ͷˡ
˫۾ܸɯװȥôһ԰쵽Ķ԰ɣ
˵꣬ͷһڴʷٷҡ
ԡʷٷְ̧ыԴŤһߣǰɫ߷Ůɯ˫ûбƻȻʦһЩı䣬ȥ϶е㲻ͬװȥǿԵġ
߷Ůɯе㼤Ŀ𣿡
ˣҡҲǻ㡭ҡҾе㼤Բ𡭡
Ҳ̫ڼ߷Ů˵е״Ρ
˵ĻӦûġվԱߵĵȿ˹С֮ƺΪʷٷҾԿ԰쵽
һεˡ
ȥˣ˶¸ôɯС°۾װȥǿ϶ûġ
ҹʷٷҳ
ֱӳʵǱȥŮͶظں档
ʷٷλΪ˸߷Ůɯ۾װȥʦȻûʦǿװϵܶ֫ļɡҲ߷Ů°װѶȻһ㣬ʷٷҲ߳ɵİա
ȥʷٷҳָָ̨
߷Ůɯе㲻ȥ°βڲͣҡŤƺûƽ
Ҹû취
ʷٷüͷŻҪǸ߷Ůֱӱú˯һ۾Ϳܿüˡ
ž
ְֱ̧ǰ߷ŮˣΪ˷ֹ;ѹһ˻Եķ
ˣ
ñۣȻѰɯˣվԱµ
һɫ
ʷٷתͷƳһħʱʵ׵ǽĬĬرſС
ȿ˹ҵ֡ʷٷҵ
֪ǿ
һ΢ɢʷٷҵֱɫģֵ֮ȫСȡħǶӣĸһɺɫѪ⾫
ǴħϵĸߵѪ⾫
ʷٷҲֻôһ飬ԼŮϣʱҲС
һ˿˿Ļ縡֡
ʷٷҵģħ۵Ѫ⾫ڻһŹƵҺ壬ָ̧üһ㣬˫΢ĵɫԣʷٷָƳһ˿ɫѪҺ
һνɫѪѪ⾫ڡ
ܿ죬Ѫ⾫˰ɫʷٷҽ߷ŮڰУһָһɫ˿߱𣬻һصķӡȥ
Ҫڵ۾Ѿֱ֯Ѫ⾫֯
ʷٷҿ˿Աߵɴ۾ŮͣеѪȣӦתͷȥ
Ѫɽ
ʷٷֲ֮ٿ߷ŮۿڻѪ֯ȫڵŲٿѪ⾫Һһ˿˿ӿۿڡϵѶߵʵǿ¡Ҳһ壬ϡ𵽸ãκҪ۵ģְ취ᵼԼʵ󸱶½
¡һµҪĴѪ⾫
ʷٷȻߵòϵ·ӣⷽľ黹ǱȽϷḻġ
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ʷٷֽ֮˫ɺɫ°߷Ůۿڣſʼ׼ķߵѪ⾫ħۣӦóɹʻȽϸߵġ



031 죨һ

ΪʲôоԿôۣ
߷ŮɯеԺ۾ԼĺףűƷӦ㣬ͻȻһ𣬾ϲҵ۾ܿˣ
ˣ
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һĽŲ
ħӰſڳ֣һɯ󣬱ǻһˣ۾ûԿ𣿡
ȥݷǡ
š
ȿ˹СȥǱˡ
˵Ҳǲ
ʷٷҵŮ;ֻеȿ˹СܹȽϸߵȵĽĶдû˿ġ߷ŮɯȻҪϲ٣ҲòٵĶͨĻĶûġΨһǳ׵׵ä֪Զѧϰɱܡ
šѾüˡɯƽСԼ۾·ܵԼٶʧȥ
ҧһڣ׽ŵҾ˵˿϶еġ
ͻˡ
ҵķоӣҪҪȥǱ߿
߷Ůԥһ£ͷá
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߷ŮɯСߵ˾ǰ۾Ǽеģۿ˿ڶʧˣͬȫû˹һ

ͻȻ䣬߷Ůɯһʹ͵ؽ˫ְ۾ϣҵ۾ҵ۾ۣ
ˣ
ҵ۾۰
վһԭϲõċʱŵˣ˹ȥһѱס˰ɯôˣû°ɣ
ȥеȿ˹
ɯʹڵϷȥվԱһȴް취ֻܿ첽ܳȥ֪ͨȿ˹
̣
ܳȥһĹԭΪʹ߷Ůƽ࣬˿󺹵ڵϾҴϢԼӺŻʱ۾ѾûʼôʹˣȷһյĸоͺǷڻϿһΪ۾ʲô⣬˺һŻ۾ǵ۾һ̷ȴԼˡ
һ߷
飡
ɲǼ䣬ǰľͻȻըѿǽҲչĺۼɯʶƶһߣǽϱ³׵պۼ
ôˣ߷ŮãȻǰǽѾ챻ߴ͸̱۾
ɿԿü
еǳ˼ǣΪʲô۾ᷢߡ

ͷΣΪʲôоôۣ߷Ů±۾е㾫ήҵſ˵ϡ
ʱ
еҵɯ㻹ŰɣҰѵȿ˹ˣ
ûˡеۡ߷Ůǿ
첽˽̧Լز̫ˣոյˡףΪʲôҪſڵϣ
ʲôʱ߷Ůɯеƣʵ
ȿ˹СʱҲ˽һ۷Ծס͵ô£ǽôˣ
̧֣ͷһ
һ룬Ĳҽ𣺡ҵľӣҵķ䣡ʲôˣ
Բ𡣡ɯ
ȿ˹С㿴˿ܣüģʲôˣΪʲôͻȻ
Ҳ֪߷ŮſڵСڴΪָо۾еˣѾûʼôʹ࣬Сһ۾֣߳ЩҶǹġ
ߣ
Ůʹ˿̶еµӡ
ȿ˹С㻹Ǿϵһ㣬̵ȥռ̨˴Ѷ
ȥȥʱȿ˹㣬չ˰ɯɡġռ̨Ķһá
ֽ˵飬ȻҪȥˡ
ҪȻҪ˸ʲô
ܿСŵռ̨ڰˮһֵһеһöġʷٷʦ1ŵķһȽϼ򵥵ϵͳԼʦĲܡ˺ü£һ΢ķ⸡֣ߴذѸոշ˵һ顣
ˡ
ɯ㿴ܣ
ˡ
Ҫ˳·ĻǵðҴݷۿ⡣
˵꣬ӵתһȦִʦάͼΣŵ˵ֿĵڶţܿһȨ޲㡯ʾ
ᣡΪʲôȨޣ
еʧعرڣֹ´λǵõȵȿ˹ȥöʱ͵͵ȥ





032 죨
ʦ
ȵʷٷҴݷǱ߻ʱɯѾȶˡ
ʼ־ʹûٳֹҲ۾ΪٻεģһС˵˵ȿ˹С͋
ˣˣ
ҵķۿ𣿡ʹ
Ͳ
˼ң
ԼԴһίض׵ǽǴ˿ʷٷҵɫԼĬĬһ߱ȽϰȫЩ
ôˣʷٷҿ첽˹
߷Ůɯ̧ͷȴûۣСöˡѾûʼôˡ
۾ҿʷٷҳ
ɯеɣԥǡһ˵˵ģ
û¡ʷٷЦЦ̶ֳȵĹ˲ңֱ۾Ϳˡ
߷Ůԥһ£۾
̣
ߴ۾ʷٷ֮ǰһεϿֱӽе˺赲档
ԭˣ
ʷٷҶ߷Ů۾۲˺һһƤƬֵˡ԰۾ˡ
Ѿ֪Ϊʲôˡ
һĹ
߷ŮɯһƣӣԭѾϢ˺һȴٶȱþήҡ
Ѫ⾫շˣ
Ȼħ۵ǲ˼飡ʷٷ૵
ܶΡ
Щ֮ħвӵ˵۲ħۡɺħۺħ۵ȵȣɱͣΣյľħ۵ĺɫߣҲ߷Ůǰ˫з֡
Ҳ֪ħ۵Ѫ⾫շʲôȻɯߡ
ѵΪҲħ𣿡ʷٷҰԵ
ʱ򣬵ȿ˹СߵԱߣе㵣ĵˡɯû°ɣ
û¡ʷٷҡͷ
ְ̧һǰ߷Ů󻺻۾ΪѪ⾫Ĺϵһħ۵ںûа취ûǲҪ۾
ϸһ۾Ӧܱ˺ˡ
ǡ
Ҫƿ»ԼӦա
ʷٷҵĻɯΪɵص˵ͷ
֪Լֻһµ»õ۾ʲôѾƽܶˡʷٷʾŮͷȥϢԼʵڣȡһöˮʼ۾ʵһħߵװֻǴڰɯԼϡ
һҹȥ
ڶʷٷұóһīݸ߷ŮɯָλŮʹħ߻ɺܴġÿ۾ʱ䲻̫ҪѧӦԼħߡ
վԱ̽ͷ̽Եţ˿ͻȻˣˣ
۾簡
Ҳһ£
ž
һ죬ոջȸԾޱȵċһСĬĬض׵˽Աߵĵȿ˹СЦѡ
ʱ֡
ʷٷڽʦߵ鴦һº󣬱׼廷
ڵճ̰ŵúܽ׼ʽͻƽη廷ʷٷҾ׼µħҩ1ŵɨƿħҩͿɽ
ʱ֡
ʷٷұͨħ̺廷Ÿոջͷֺ߽ܶʦۼ
ô£
ʲôˣΪʲôؾʦˣ
ʷٷһ۱ȺпŮ׵ӰۼĲ廷ĳԱͬʱвʦ
ף
ôͻˣ
Ů׿ʷٷҺΪȸԾżʷٷҵļЦеʱ򰡣ںؾѾͷĳѨ
˵òᣡ
ѧԺ׼֯ȥɵˣҪҪһȥҵĵʦҲԳ

ؾͷҵˣ
ʷٷҲǾһһȦܣԼϤĸ߽ʦ϶ڣʦά˶ࡢݶŮסĪʦȵȡ֮⣬һЩȥûĸ߽ʦصһűʷٷԿԾ΢ɫ绡ϴȥؾûʱʦҲˣ˿̾վά˶ʦĺ棬ռ̨ҲĲ٣Ϊ׵һλ쵥Ƭ۾ӣƺռ̨ϯʦļ̳ߡ
ѧԺ鱨
ںؾڵͷɫֺ֧ѪѾˡʱڣּľΪʱѾ˲ٵķӵеϢǳˣ


033 һ
ѧԺߵĶܿ졣
ʷٷҸŮ׽̸ʱ򣬲ٵĸ߽ʦѾ˼ϡ
жԱٶʦһʮˣԪسսʦ࣬ռ̨ǱҲʮֲ԰γķٵģʷٷҲһֻˣ⻹ֲ԰ϯŮסֲ԰ʦʷٷҶʶһŮǹȥûףһʦһӣŨܵĺ뿴žͺϸܵһ
һݹھ鱨Ŀ
ͷڴڡڡҲ600-800֮䣬ȵ800Ժ󣬾ͻǿġڡ׶ΡΣյʱ1000ԺǸʱڽϹ׶κκһͷǲӵĵˡ󲿷־1200Ժ롾̫ʱڡʱЩ̱Ƚϲľûľ÷ǳǳΣա
Ů׽һܾݸʷٷҡ
йͷľϣһħƬĵɫͿӴԴҪ֣β൱Ĵ׳ͷβǶмĵ̣һ֪ǻѪֵľ
һжҪǰ塣
Ů״յʷٷҵĶСսԪسصĸ߽ʦǧççײײȥںԸһЩ޾Ϳˡ
ʱѧԺȻ¼Ĺ׶ȡ
ʷٷƲƲ죬û˵ֻӦصͷ
ȫʢʱڵҪ΢ɵһ£ͷǰѾܹˣռ̨ϯʦҲΪϵûиԭֻǶԸһͷ˵ľҪ׶ˡ
ǱȽϺսľɫʵں
ܿ졣
ֲ԰ϯŮ׵Ӱǰ
һ㱡ɴֻܹ°͵òӦǼģΪʷٷҸоˮϢλǿŮһʦսʱˣһֱڶûȫԭλϯʦֻƽʱ¶棬ܶ鶼ǽŮȥ
ɡֲ԰ϯŮ׵
ռ̨ĸ߽ʦִ򿪴ţҲ׷׽С
ʷٷҺŮһֱŽȥеݶŮ׾ȻҲǵȵ󣬷·ע⵽ʷٷҵĿ⣬òƽ̬䵭ɽݶŮ׾Ȼ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
󣡡
Ůע⵽һ㣬յʷٷҵĶ߲ΪʲôͷԶһ㣡
Ҫ֪ǰǺʦ֪У
ʷٷûнӻֱһưŮ˴ڡ
ιŮ׵ӰܿʧڴС
ʱ
ݶŮҲ˴ǰʷٷҵһЦָʵкܶƵĵطпյĻҵס

ʷٷ΢΢üͷƽп˵
ݶŮѾ쵽ʲôʷٷǾԲϵġ
Ƶĵط
ѵΪҲǺʦ
˵ݶŮ׵ʵҪά˶ʦ֮ϣһֱǴ廷ȨȦ⣬Ҳ֪ΪںʦݣѧԺڵȨ
ʷٷҸоŮײ򵥣
׹һ
ʷٷ۾ʱѾ˺ؾڡ
Ѿһƺռ̨ˡ
һ磬ʷٷϴιĽں滹һ
ѾڵȺˡ
һλʷٷҼĺŮףǻŲٵĺ࣬ͷ޴ĶǾƺǺؾڵѾѱˡ
ȥɡŮ׵
ʷٷޱصͷ˵ʦһߵ˾㱳ϣ߽ʦԼķеߣԪسص˸ǿֱת̬Ŀǰħ̺óȵʷٷʽͿ취ʹˣ˾˵ǴĳŴżҵġ
㣿ȻѾ𣿡޴ľ㱳ϣŮµؿʷٷҡ
ʷٷҵѧּٻصѧԺʦ֪ˡ
ɡԱһռ̨ʦ
ŮĶǾܿӴľ㿪ʼȥʱʱкԾˮ棬һֱںȵҡѧԺвٵʦפںؾŮױ֮һ
һ·Ϸƽ˾
ӴĶûħǣ뿪ѧԺΧںԼ˺ʦټǸԶͶ㿪ˡ
мֻں棡
С
ά˶ʦ˿Աߵˣȥһ¡Ǽ·
һȼյĻƳź󷽷ȥ
ܿ졣
Զ㴫սԼԼ˵Ĳҽ



034 
ά˶ʦֺЩԶԶںĺʦŻˡ
ԿԿӰ˷ɢںˮ㣬Ҳ廷ôĸ߽ʦô͵͵ں档
ʱһһȥ
Ƭޱ޼ʵĴУʱűû
ʷٷԱߵĺܶʦĵĽڤ״̬ʷٷһҲоǳģҲ۾ʼڤ롣
ǿ쵽ˣ
֪˶ãʷٷҵĶŮ׵
۾ʱǰѾһһܴĵ죬деľǱѾҵ춯ƺǷǰĸ߽ʦѾˡ

һŭ
ʷٷұ㿴һͷӴڿնĳȴжʮףչʮף׳ûȫ˥ϣϵƬѾ÷ǳҲԼƿڣͻϵļޣһ600ԺǾͻ˥ڡϾǿޱȵ֣ǽ˥ҲԽԽΣգֻǵѾ𽥿
֣֪˭һ
ʷٷܵʦǶʱڿնƬϢĲһͷͬʱū۵ʹӡ
ڽԺԽԽ͵ŻūǸֵͽħȻӵѪ֡Ƭؾûжٵħʷٷ߷Χڿ˲ٵ֡
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Ƶıը
žĵҫǰλ߽ʦΧſ³һ硣
ӵеϢ
һ˻ӵͻȻɳһȺ˫һصǵƤɫģûۣӳףеǳųС߾
ȥЩޣά˶ʦ
ʷٷ̧ͷ˿еԥһ»ת˺ϣڵϢŲٵĺޣЩｻ䵮ĺͬʺܵͣĸȴѪҪߺܶࡣϢĺĿ٣˿ĺͼҺˮȥˡЩＸһЩħѪӴҲϡŹ֡
ǿ
սԪسصĸ߽ʦʷٷҾǹ͵ģҲӦĶں滮ˮ
ĸʷٷҿԿһľ˿ڣƺһսġǰֵĻά˶ʦˣŮ׺ռ̨ʦԱ߸ֲ԰ϯŮ׸ںѹ
ף
ں滮ˮżӼʷٷͻȻ۾Ϊ1ŵɨ跶ΧڣȻиڴӲѸǱ˵ڡ
ƶٶȺܿ죡
һ·˵λãҲͷڿնĵط

һ˴ŰӵӣűǼԾ˵ٶȴӱܣ·׼ս
ȻвļһҸںˮ㣡
ҿɹˣ
еսڽ״̬һͷ˲Ҳ֧һʱ䣬ֻʱ⣬Ϊֲ԰ϯŮ׵ڻûж֣ȴѰһĳʱ䡣
ƺûзǱӰ
ǰ·ߣ˼ֱӴսǱйȥģǸĸ߽ʦûһ쵽Ĵڡ
ĪǸһʷٷе
̧ͷ˿ս
У߽ʦΧͷ츽ʦڶԸЩޣҲûʲôע⵽˵ľ񶼼ͷϡ
ߵ
ԼҲһӵʱ䣬ǵǱӰѾ뿪սˡ
ﵽ˵챱ıԵǸλüûκεĵˣʱٶ΢Żһ㣬ûκγɵܡʱĿѾӽ1ɨļ޷ΧʷٷڲٳɣԼӳһߵ㳯Ŀķ׷˹ȥ
뿴˭ôȻҸô߽ʦˮ㣡
ҲǼӵӡ
Ŀ൱ϣǱжһǳɣ·ͣʱӦڣҿ궫̾·ˡ
ԷٶȺܿ죡
ʷٷҼϵķҲֻܸڶԷ棬ԭסʦķзӦûôٶȣʷٷ÷ħ̺ĻȻеٶȸǰһ࣡
˼顣
ʷٷҶΪʲôԷɵô죬۷ΧԷټֻ1ŵɨڿԿһ˸
һĹ
˱˵ʮ๫Ȼǰʷٷ׷ٵĿٶ



035 
һһ
ʷٷҾĿֻʱͻȻ1ϵɨź˸һ£ĿȻֱʧ˸֪ڡ

ôͻȻˣʷٷ˲侯ѸٸԼӳһܡ
Ŀܷˡ
͵͵廷ʦˮļһʵǷܹ쵽ʷٷҵĴҪôǴǿҪôӵпε

Сܵܣ𣿡һջŮҲ
ʷٷʶת䱸˲ϢһҪԷȻͨİ취͵Ϯ

ǵʷٷϿܣھʷٷʮʱ͸ͣķۣ֮ʷٷҵһԷֱƿƫбϣͨʦ´˿̾Ѿһˡ
ף
ĿƺҲû뵽Լ͵Ϯʧ֣˿̲˵룬´ǰʷٷҡ
ʱʷٷҲڿĿģ
׻飿ʦʷٷҵıΪȣȴûгɣһɫĻ渡֡
ԷֳԭΡ
ʷٷڵһòԾ֣ͷǰɫģƤҲǰɫģ˿ͺǵˡ׻֢һΨһ˫۾ѤĺɫĳȴףΣθ޳ſɵĺɫۣ濪еۣ޳ʵĴϴźɫ˿࣬ȴͨ˿࣬ʷٷֻһ۾ͱϳĳ֩˿ߣκһһߵļֵ൱ˣõĲϴž͸˿ࡣ
ԷǺʦĴ磬ŵȴһѾذס
ʷٷ޷жϳԷʵ1Ҳ޷ɨԷƺһεжһܸ߼
Կ϶ĿٶǸ߽ʦ
Сܵܣ㳤úܿɰҪҪ׽׽ǰĴԾ鷢ȻϢЦͻȻĵ΢΢һУ˾ʧԭء

ʷٷ˲ϢҲû룬ֱϵɫâһɫܽ˫һĵ֮»ֱӻ֮ɢԲʮȫ֡
ʹʲôĶ
ԭĵŮĲҽ׻Ӱٶȸ֣˿ģȴΪǱֱһ˵պۼ˿ڴѪⶼƿήһ㣬Ļǿȼģǿһĳ̶԰˲ճɻҽ
ʦһǴ̿ͣ
ʷٷҴ˿Ҳ۾ŶԷԵѹո˵Ҹô߽ʦˮ㣡
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ʷٷҵܣ֮ͣתһĻǰİ׻ɫ䣬ովֻһ֮ըѾ˲ᣬԷֱĻ֮ǲҲˡ
СܵܣҪֻǸ㿪Ц׻Ŀ˸ţƺҪѰܵĻᡣ
ǰʦԼȻ㲻
ɶļһʵˣһ廷ʦôôǿԶԷαװ֡
𣿡
ʷٷЦеգգ۾Ҳϲ˿Ц
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׻ҲֱذһӽһسжϣȻһ˫޳ʵźɫ˿Ĵȱ㸡ǰ
𣡡֣ô
׻һʷٷܻƵ֮ƺͬʱɳļ󣬶ʱ˫ĵҲֻ˳·̵ôǲûʲôޣ
ҰõĶȫ㣬ܵͷŹһòã
Ӳˡ
ǰİ׻Ҳû뵽ʷٷҾȻôǿǹĻ棬δֶֹΡ
ʷٷͣһ£ƺ˼
Ȼ̧ͷЦеԡȰĿռҡ
ʲô
׻Եɴ۾һϰı飬ܼҡҡͷУ
ҿ԰εֵĶ㣬⻹ԸһʲҪҵȫҵʵ̫ˣҡҹȡ٤޴½ʦҲŵϺŵҪಫСܵҲδؾӮң
٤޴½
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ʷٷԵһ£´ŶԷǴ½ģ٤޴½Ƕ˵Ĺ磿
ˡ
ҲŸ߾࣬°ͺܼ׶ӣ˵Ĺ٤޴½



036 ģ
ƨ
ǰİ׻һм½мľ𣿡
ʷٷƺаѻ֮ļǰİ׻ʱĵˣǴ٤޴½ģˣȷʵôһ֧ɡ
½ôܵˣ
ʷٷ̲ס°ͣ´ǰİ׻飬öԷðƤеִٲض㿪ߡ
Ȼ٤޴½ʦܵʲôʷٷʵ
Ļǰİ׻ʱһ¿ˮıСܵܡΪʺĵطڴ½Ǹڣôƶ֮أǺʦ
Ϊ½ǰʱ䱬һɳǿķ
Ūһߵ٤޴½Ӧˡ
ҪǱץסСӣôҲԸƯط̽
ǿķ
ѵǡ
ʷٷҲɫעŶԷ˼ԭ˵Ǹ̽ʲô𣿡
ûСҹеʧҡҡͷһûСȻѾըĵش飬ȴûκεķ֡½ϴҲû˵ʩչֿʦ
˵⣬ǰİ׻һתСܵܡ֪λʩչ𣿡
ǡİ
ʷٷάϵı飬ƽ֪
ҲλĴǿ߰ɣϾϴܵ˺ܶаϮҲжְæģ
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ͷԴͷ˵һ˵ԴϹʱĶͷһԴں
ʷٷ﷢ġ
ǻءʷٷԶԶ
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042 Ԫλ棨ģ

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ΪѾҽ
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043 Ԫλ棨壩
ԪλΣա
һԪڶǰ飬ԪسϡȻʵģȴӵǿٻֻҪԪسһĹܹٻһ֧Ԫؾš
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ҪطɣʷٷҿԶɽԵ
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Ԫλ棬ûﲻƢģǻԪλԡ
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ڻԪλĻôĲٺܶ࣬󲿷ֶǻҽ顣
ҪҽλĻΪԪλ棬Ľҽ緢ĹУγɱȽϴĵ¿ҽܸߣԶλĿ
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һεڻӱԵĳҽɢųȵĸ£ʱʱй̵ҽӴϵ䡣ԪλżڻɽڸܿһЩǸͷ̫޷ʷٷҵ
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һصķӡֱ֣ӡ̵ǰҽԪصԪغϣӴһ£ͻȻ˶ʵʵվʷٷǰһ
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ʷٷҿǰռһٶƽ׵ҽأصͷջطȣָֻҽԪֱӽ˻ɽɽڲ
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045 ʯһ
ʯǸճǰڵҪ
Ϊڸճǵ岼ϣкܶطҪõʯƽʱʦԼʵУҲҪʯΪϣһֳĵԴ
ֻҽԪһ·ǰ˻ɽڲ
ʷٷڻɽ濪ʼиõĻҴһƽ̨һֵɽ屻ֱڿˣȻ޽һҽӿȻЩֻĶ鷳ǲõ磬ȻһˮԪλͨҽڼȴĹкγɺʯʷٷҪľǲһת󣬳ȡˮԪλͬʱʯ
һ˵ʯҪĶǵһȵĺʯҲǳ˵ڽʯһּΪϸıʯʯ
ͨĺʯΪȻĻɽдͨʯ
ʷٷҴƽ̨Ĺ̺ܿ죬ֻ˰ʱ޽һռٶƽ׵ƽ̨·ʯ֧ȻӲӹ̣δʯǱתƵճġʷٷһáۻ֮ˡǰĿǰûбİ취ҽáΪ˱ŵЩԭס˪˺ᣬʷٷΧһδʯǱħػġ
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һħʯħռ̨Ĵͷϣһ׹ǰЩʯħֱӴ͵˺ʯǱߡ
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Ű۹Ĳоµħз󲿷ֶǸӶר˵սרԢڹ˳նս̤ȵȣٱ˵רĿʯԶװȵȡ
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βʷٷʱ䣬1ɨʯĽṹͼȷûκʷٷżԶתС
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ȵҽһ·ӿת룬һɫСħԱߵʯħһߵբʱ򣬲ˮʼװ·ķ֮һһâֿڵҽڷĳתһЩӵĽʱһųͬʱһɳˮԪҺѸע룬ǰҽۿɼٶȷɿȴ



046 ʯ
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ʯƷʡϵȡ
ʯƷʡеȡ
ʯƷʡصȡ
һŵɨݸʷٷҵǰʯĺʯƷʲǺȶ붼еƷʣصǾǱʯĺʯֲһոսĺʯ˵ѾǲˣʷٷԺкʵĲϻԶԺʯŻ졣
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һâ֣Ծĵ绡˳ܵ죬ɲǼʯȫ
еʯħͶ˹ڣħڼָҲʼźʯѲߣĿǰػķΧôֻҪ̫ʯἤսΪ˱Ǳʷٷһںʯ沼˸ӦĻ˲ܴ䵽ħͬʱĺķָ
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Ŀǰϲ඼ȫҲһЩ꾧ʯ
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ӱŮĿʷٷҵ֪˫̥ñһСؾפأͬʱŮ׻˿ţƺѧԺ׼һǰ½ʦ飬廷Ҳһ
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Լʷٷһĵڶ硣
ǰħ˴ӪʦҲ廷½ܽӴʦ֯϶ѾӴˡ廷̬ȱȽѺ⣬ʦ֯ʦȽų⣬һЩʦҪɱоϵѪ
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ʡ
ʦޱشաļɣԭסսϵְҵ˵ʷ岻ڵġʥɡ



047 äŮ׻ᣨһ
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Ҫܳһ漶ĽʥδԸ֮Ǿͺðˣ
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ʷٷҸ£ʦ΢Ц˹
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һٸսϵְҵ棬Ͻʥ֮·Ŀֻܾһ
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ʷٷҺʦʱ廷ڵ߽ʦҲ˲١
ĵӱ棬ʷٷҺʦһ·˻ʷٷĿǰȨ޵ȼܱƵʦߣչֳԼǱʵ廷ҲڽΪδĺʦ
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Ϊ廷Լ˵Ļôʷٷұ¶ݺá
ҵֲ԰ϯŮס
ʷٷе㾪ȵǣԱ߾Ȼһδĸ߽ŮףԷһ毺õݣɫ𪣬еǸߵȾ飬ɫüëܳעĿ۾ͫѾڻ۾棬Ӷǵɫϸػᷢ΢Ĺâ
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֪Ԥԣµаڶʮǰ磬ڵƬ½Ӧû֮ܿءµĿ¹ｫ٤޴½ĸצһһ㸯ʴĺӴħ᳹׸ڵ硣
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ڳλӦöѧԤϵķӦö֪δǿԸıġ
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ò˶ãԿ״½ġĩԤߡҲ˵ǰôƬ½ϴȥǿѾʦ֯ڶϮ׳ֺǻҽ˵Ļ塣


048 äŮ׻ᣨ
λÿɢҲ졣
ǰλߡɯǹСµвڳ߽ʦһΪȻı飬ֻʦı΢仯ƺǺԷϸ̸һ̸ԭסʦһֱǺԶһϵвǰäŮ׻Ӧǵһʶ֮ǿвʦ֯ҶԷлᵽһλԤ֪ʦ֪ԷԤµˡ
ռ̨⡣
Ů׿첽ߵʷٷҵԱߣһʷٷҵˣ
һΪʲôҪأԭֻ飡
ŮһΪȻı顣
ʷٷתͷһ£ڵôǸŮ˵Ļ
ڣŮײмƲƲԤϵķͲǺ׼ǻǵȵǻһ֮ǺŹʾһͷ鿴ġԤԵĺƽ٣ôӦڷǰ͹ʾ𣿡
ʱһŮҲôΪ
ЩäŮ׻˲ȫΣͨԤʲôµδô͸Ӧڷǰ˹ʾǡ
һֱԤԷ仯ų֣Ϊһʧܡ
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ݶŮ׵ӰԱߣϺܵĬĬעʷٷңƺڹ۲ı仯
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ΪŮжϵĶûдԷĻӦ֮սǰ͹ʾӵս۽Źʾôе˵ȥˡʷٷҶЩŮ׵ĸйҲȽһ㣬ΪʷٷҲûпʦָеƷʡ
½һݵĻ
ս۱ǰûʷٷҵļ룬ôµӦѾŰ廷ʦӵĺܵشпռ̨ϯʦԪسصϯʦҲⳡսС
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Ҳ޷ڸǲûһбǰ͸ԤʵǿƬ½Ӧעݵġ
ԭһ簡ʷٷҰԵ
ԤѧɵķȫţΪδǲϱ仯ģν˳ӱк֧ܶƬΣ÷ҲֻܹеһС֡ʷٷҴоԤδķΪǺĵ顣
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ֻǽͶ˴⣬ˡǲǡ
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Ů׻ˣʷٷҳһ½һֻͷʬ˳ȻŮܲħǸͷǿ϶óģΪǸ߽״Ĺ廷ϯʦҲһɱ
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ˡ
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Ȼʷٷһ⡣
һֱŮǷ̣ӦõݺݳһٲС


049 

νֶ̣ʷٷ뻹ǾԺٵݺݳһٰɡ
ӦäŮ廷飬ʷٷĿǰֻһʦȥЩ¡Ϊ½ʦĵ廷Ǻȥ½ʦ֯һ¡
Ħ̩ǺܴģԼǵٶ౶ҡ
Ŀǰʷٷĺڴ½ֻкСһ飬ƶ֮ظڽ治۵һС㡣ϳ˴ƬĻ֮غ޾⣬ٴ½϶ʦ֯ڣǵ֪ʶǼ̳ԹŴʦż廷뷨Ǹǽһ¿ܻܲøĹŴ֪ʶޱ޼ʵĺҲһ⣬ʦҪôĺҲ鷳¡
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ޱ֮һ
ʷٷҵĹƣ廷к纣İ취׼ҲҪһʱ䡣ʷٷǽ۲ʱͷв쳣ٲԵ籩ۣ뺣򻹱ֵ֣Ŀǰȷǲ϶ΪȻɵġͽƶ֮ǰڴ½ĺϿҪħĴ󴬣Ҫʮ̫ƽĺ϶Ҳһ׵顣
ڶ硣
ʷٷӭһٴ͡
һֻͷԼңϸһͷĴ࣬ԪλкܶಿλǲԳԵģ׼ʳҲǧӡ
Īʦûй˫̥Ҳȥִˡ
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ʷٷߵòԪسص·ӣĿǰҲںĳԪֻҪյˮıֲھͺáԪسصʦ׶λῪʼʳһЩʯ壬ͬʱںһЩԪĺģ𽥽ڵԪУĳһԪسΪ̬ά˶ʦġ
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ʷٷұ֮壬ֻҪϫڤ뷨ͿˣҲתΪԪ̬


051 ħ
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һСӱ뺷ʿڲɱԶԼԼԿչĺۼ

ս˻Ϊ׵ʿס׵ư˽ϣСĽ䱸
ά
ȥ̽һߵ
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㽫ѻųȥѻ
ǰɢ֧ʬ壬гսʿҲ棬ǰ̵ܵŰɱһЩпսħ˶ܲˡׯٻˣȼպĲйϱڣܼûκεĻ̵ֲַħ˶üͷ
塣
Щħɵ𣿡һŽƤ׵Ů˹մҲһ·;档
Ϊ׵ħ̧ͷһźɫߣԼԿĲ¶Щ˰̣ħ˿˿ԼֶŮҡͷַ
ҿǵ˸ɵġ
ŮһţЩ֪ǵģôܣ
ħ˽ְ˽ϣؿ˿ǰ滹δĻҽոմϺЩܻ֪
ǰʱǵһ˽ִ֮񡣡
ǻ˶е㲻Ծˡ
ѻͼЩ˿ͻȻ䷢ϮȻƷһЩˣǻһ˳ӳǱ㲻ϽӵɱƽϢҼַͬ
ħһնϵĳ˿ӸԱߵһ곤սʿնħָɵġ
Ӧǵˡ
ħ˵ĲһֻħѪ죬ȻõĴӲȷԶ˵
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һĶܵĻҽпʼһЩòŤιǾͺǱչк͸Źİɫ΢⣬ЩĹûӰӣӰӰ崥΢΢䶯
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ħüͷӽϣٶȼ죬ҲǳˣǰĹﶼ˲նɱһ˼˳֮ĹһŤĻ屻նɱаѾʼǵˡ
ϡ
İɫʣԱߵħ˶ĽĿһۡ
һѳɫʵƺΪնħ˵ħִһʱһλǿʦһаѽѾնɱʮͷǿħƺڲϵѻܹҲָħͼѰλǿʦڻ˲ٵľûܻǸʦ
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һׯǰҵħ˷
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ڤڤУһǿҵĲʹǰǸħƺڽĳаļףڶԷǰֹ
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ŷĳŵĺۼǰ
ħĻԽԽƵӸһδսʱħɢһЩ֮аҲ𽥳֡ѻǱѾе㲻ظˣ໹ûѵ½ħ˶ɳȥִ񣬾ִħҲٻء
廷
ʦڻĵڶȥݷλäŮ׻ĶߡɯȽʧǶԷ岻ʵԭܾˡ
ʱ򻹺úõģ˵岻ʲ͡
ʦ޹Ȼûκα仯ȴǶԴе߷߲ƽ
ʦǴȼȥݻԷģʱĻһĩԤߡһ֧ʦҲãǵȵʱһֻɫѻɵ廷ʦֻǿһźɫҴҵ뿪ˡ
ħ˵֯ȡ˱廷֧֣ͬħ˵׼
ֲ԰
ʷٷڽ󣬽һƽӦʱڣĿǰټħҩʵĻָҲһƿڣ⿿ֶͨκѿٻָ߽״ʵʷٷҵǰ׶ҪָʵĻҪռһЩƷʵ꾧ʯǴ漶Ĵ꾧ʯԾĻǾ͸ˡ
ʱ׼ķȾָһ㡣
оöɫӵʱһͻƣǾ˼ӵһЩҪأΪؼһҪؾȻ֪ʶףʷٷڼֲʱԴ̼öɫһķӦȻԪسصʷٷڽԪغĲʱٶ΢ķӦ


052 ѧͽһ
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ʦ΢ЦͷӦһ·߽˵ڣﲢû˶ֳŸոսʦǲüͷصӼ
벻ֿµĹҲˡ
һħ̲סӼҺڹžڿ֣
ʦ
ǽ𣿡
ʦ˹ȥһǾ޴Ӽ״ʬ壬ǵͷҡͷҺǰɱĻǲ룡
ֶаһ̫ʱ֮һ
̫
ڳ˰ħ˶ɻ̧ͷ֯еʱ䣬ѻǿ϶Ȳɵɮ
̫һЩ絮ֵ֮Ŀ¹kǵĴھΪ˻𣡡
ʦ֮Ӽ۾˿͵аֻǺĳƺΪϹа̫֮һ
ǸаĲͬӦЩ϶һ˿֮Ѫ
Ǻܶĺᣡ
еаﶼԱΪ񡯣ʸ񱻳Ϊ̫ĴڶһЩǿµѪԵϵĻӵԵаͺñֱ֮ӷܳаǷѳа壬ЩϹаֱѪԵϵĶ
ǵԣ
ӼӦñϻˡ
ʦվı廹֮ҪɱҪı壬شʱӦû취ʵ硣
ΪϵɮʦҪͨаѶԸܶࡣ
ӵľӢģ壬߱ΡʯԼı̬ĹͬʱȡգҲΪ޴ԾЧߣӵл濹Ժͺ俹ԣ޷ֶ⣬ʹʵҰͬʱӵаӾӦȵȡ
Щħ˸ʱ΢һӼҪѶԸˡ
ʬѻ
Ϣһ¶ȥ쾿һʦ
ʱʦͻȻڵһȡ
аʬҡ
ӦЩ;廷һλӦûܸȤܹȡİԺǶԸаɺܶࡣ
ʦħڵӰһӾֳˡ
Ҫ֮ӼʬΪǿǶûпһ£߽ħ˶ʱͷʦҪĻôɡ
šʦͷ
֮Ӽʬ嵱ȻΪ˽廷˵ʵ廷ɲǳΣаʬΪһ˿ܶȤ



058 һ
廷
ͻȻʦѧͽûиŵʷٷҵڷʦѧͽæòɿŸλҲദͦãûʲô
췢һȽҪ顣
ǾǱŮƺǿҪˣ
ʷٷҲǽӵŮ׵֪֪ͨģȵϹȥʱ򣬱ŮѾһĽɫ˳˯仨ƾճֵģֲ԰Ļ룬ӴеʢŮУԼŮ׵һʱо˱仯
ԭߵӵСŮǴ˿̶ۼڱŮܣƺЩСŮػǵŮ
˵СŮĽͨҪϰŻᷢһΣ
ŮƺԴ˸еɻ󲻽⣬૵Ǳٵ¾ϴνŹȥʮ꣬ôôͷأ
ɫĻʢ
һεȻϽڣɫ·棬ǿһ˿ѪɫͺѪ磬Ů׶Ա߿棬Ҫϸоһ£ΪӰ쵽СŮŮĽֻܷ
ʷٷҶԴҲе⡣
ܿ뵽Ϊʲôᷢ飬пܸ͸Ůһ˿֮Ѫйϵ
һΡ
ʷٷڸŮ׽ʱ򣬾;쵽תļ󣬲ΪСŮԶûô죬ǻûȫȷ
һ¡
ȻСŮ츳ܱŮɻֻʩչһЩŵĻܽһʷٷһǺܸ˵ġ
Ϊֲ԰ŮĹϵá
ٵ½Ļ
ЩСŮʱû˱ˣȻֲ԰Ҳûʲô˻˺ǣǱϾСŮʷٷҾʱһǰɡŮʷٷҵļһشı顣
æòɿֲ԰ϯŮ׻Ѿˡ
ʷٷԲƲƲ죬û¡ͽҰɡ
˵ꡣ
תԼʵȥԼһСʱʷٷұһѵĶ˻ߡ
ѵѵ
ʷٷӾڻһŲһӵŮ׵ϹϷӣֱӿͬԪسأŲԼķǱ߳ȡء
һööǶŷĵľʯ£ʷٷ󽫶ʮħʯֲÿڡ
ǻǵ𣿡ʷٷæһк󣬳ŻеСŮǵ
䡣
һƬСŮǷţԴעʷٷңһģһСŮ˳еӵؿͷ
Ǻá
ʷٷ֣һöħˮ˳ݸǰСŮǣΣջֵĻͳעħͿˡ
ӡ
һģһСŮżһħˮеƶǶصͷ
СŮǺܴġ
ǱȽϺǳϲϷ֣񱴵Ů˯ʷٷұûٿڻϷ֣еСŮػŮĸ
ʷٷԳֲõķȻһ㡣
ֻҪǼĻŮԳֶʱҲ޷ƣЩСŮӦǴ´ˡ
һȺСŮǺСرöħˮ˻룬ȺСŮΧһȦſڷûκԵȻ֮
ʷٷԶԶЦЦ
ҲΪܵ˱ŮӰ죬ЩɰС׽࣬Ҫ֪ǰСŮʶֻһȺϡкħǵϿռŮһֱȽʩϡ
˵ʵΪʩȥ˺ЩСŮǰ첻ˡ
ʱת۹ȥ졣
Ϊʱûгȥ˵ԭ廷Ȼָʷٷָһ̿ε
һڵĿγѧԺڵķ첻µķ⡯󣬺ܶʦʾѧϰףϣʷٷҵʦԳһÿΡԭסʦʿʩߣѧϰ·ٶȿ϶ûзʦôġ
廷͹ˡ
ʷٷõֱӵһ飬׼ʱȥᣬϰָ궼Ѿˡ
ѧԺǿҪȥϿΡ
죡
ǰʱͻȻҴ뿪ʦˣǷ廷ͬʱʷٷҴһеͷе鷳Ĵ
һаʬ壡
ҡ
ƺǴ˵еӼӵ̫Ѫа
˵ʵʷٷҸոտʱҲһΪӼսȼ30Ҳ˵ϹźҪΣա۲һ¾ͷֻӼе㲻ԾҲû̫ϢܽĳЩ̫ãһһûȫӡ
һոյӼ
ƺĳ񼶱Ӽⷽʽתĸ壬սȼӦҲ18+Ҳ֪ĸ뺷ļһɱġ
ʬ˿ھԲʦֵģ



059 񣨶
ͷʷٷҳƺΪ뺷Ѿˡ
ȥŪһ֮Ӽʬ壬˿īɫĴ۾ϧˣ˫۾ѾˡⶫмֵľЩ۾ˡ
Ǹɵͷа𣿡
аʬǰʷٷȴûиɵаͨ˿϶޷ġ
ûСʦҡҡͷı֮
ʷٷĸһɫԾ˵ٶȽʣīɫ۾ȡ֮Ӽıһ㱡ĵȴܼ͵Ƥ̧ͷҪȥ֮ӡ
ʦͷĻˡϾӼʵ̫Σˡ
ʷٷվֵ̯̯ҿɰﲻǵæ
Ӽ񼶵аһ㶼ңǻǱξ棬֪ϳģ
а
ͨааϹżа
ٸ߼аͺѿˣΪǵĴھ󲿷ֶӡɱΪkʧء
ⶫſ߽ħƷ
ʷٷҵһĲϵҸ͵ǵĲϷѡӦǶԸʱæ
ʦ¶ϲõҪҰʲôæ𣿡
ιϣʷٷҵİȻûʷٷԳ֣ܹõ߽ħƷѾǺܲˡȻʷٷ˵Ǹ߽ħƷôͿ϶Ǹ߽ףҪ֪ħеնħĿǰҲֻǸ߽ħħ˵ĴӪѻĸ߽װҲǺܶࡣ
Ȼ
ʷٷӦصͷһôܳôĲϡ
Ķð졣
ؼĲǴ꾧ʯһҪöȻǸƷѪ⾫ö͹ˡħĲϣŪ㾫УĶ㶨
ʦƶǶصͷáȥ׼
ʷٷĿʦ뿪һ·Լʵҵ1ţ
ȡ߽׿ħͼ
ȡػָ+5ͼ
ȡͷͼ
š
ҹߡƤ׵ͼеĻҲҵȡ
ʷٷҿǵʹװҪħˣ׼һ߽׵ҹƤ׳
ҪǸ߽׿ħػָ+5ЩǷʵװʦϵװͨԱΪ
һŵͼԺС
ʷٷҿ˿еͷ۵ԴȷʵҪһͨ÷Ůˡ
Ķܶࡣ
Ψ÷ձȽһ㣬ʷٷұڲ÷ҲǺܸȤ
ѻ
һ϶εĳǱ
ʦﲢҴʷٷԸΪ߽ħƷϢʱħ˶ˣظʾû⣬Ȼһʰ׼ȥ֮ˢˡ
תʱȥ
ʦܿʷٷһҪĲϣһȺħ˵֧֣֪дʦԸ߽ħƷħ˵ĴӪ˷ܣһȺħ˶ʼְæ
꾧ʯĿǰ֮ĵ伸ߡ
ħ֯Ǻмҵ׵ģƽʱɱħﲻ٣ռѪ⾫Ҳܶ࣬;ȻѪ⾫ָҩ
ԭʼ÷ʽˡ
ʷٷɵǸ߽׿ħħƷԴ35ħԣҲ˵󲿷ǿ35µħˡΪʦĲϱȽϳԣʷٷһͷװԵֿħЧԾ෨ߣͬʱԶ㶨ʵҰԿƾ󲿷ֵĻþ
Ҫ㹻ǿĻԼͷЧʱáӦӳ֡
Ȼ
ΨһȱǱȽϳͷǶöеĵīɫӡ
ħӦǲЩġ
ʷٷȽľͷʦŸո͵ѻħ˵ĴӪ䶯ˡ
װħ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ܶħﶼоſƵĹֻҪͷȫˡô߿ĵˣĵˣЩε嶼Կһ˵ڶԸħĹУ߽ħƷԷӳ޴á
ػָ+5Ҳܿ졣
һҹߡƤȴǺķʷٷҴľΪϲ÷죬ͬʱҲΪװ׼漶ħƷ
ҹߡƤ׵Чǳǿ
ںڰԶжʱϢӵӼ׵ķǿ⿹ԣ߾ƣսʱܷ䣬΢Եȵȣ׼ħƷ䱸綵ñԶú㶨Ч
Ȼ
Ҫһȥǳǳ˧ʷٷϵƤۡ



060 ħߣһ
ķʷٷҴµʱ䡣
һװһʣ࣬ʷٷҸɴ÷ĸħһ£͸ʦͨħۻⶼ֮Ӽϻӣӳһ¸˼ʱ߾Ȼ󡢿ƵȵȵķĴſʹʮεӡ
ȫ껹һöӶ࣬ʷٷҽ˽˲ֿڡ
֮Ӽϵʱ֪ʲôãʷٷǾԲħҩõģֻвԭסʦŸôɡ
һֿⱣ
ħǱѾ׼֮ӡаˣʦλһͬǰ
ʷٷʱûʱȥġ
иҪȥɣǾǰѡħ񹤳Ū
廷Ŀγ̡
ʷٷҵʦ¿εϢһ֮ڴѧԺΪ廷ʷҲŵϺŵѧԣһʱٸʦĿγ̣лλʦ
ΪһʦȻĺʦϿΣҲţƵû˵ˡ
ʷٷҵĿγһڿΣΪ̫ѧԺջ˴׼һȫꡣ
ʱ֡
ʷٷҽʱѹѹһƬȫͷ
ƺʦܹˣڿǧˣлʷٷұȽϤӰ˵ݶŮҲˣ˿Ľ泯΢Цʾ⡣
һ
ʷٷһ㶼¶ӣվϽ̨ӣֱӿڵĿγһµķ⡿
һһꡣ
ԴΪҲظڶ顣γʼǼ¼ʲôɻҲþʣԼ¿κȥͼѰҴ𰸡
ΪһʦѧԼС
úܿ찲
ʷٷһֱ̧ںڰֻ֮һӵķģͣȻǺѣҪջǱŪԭеĻ嶼һЩͬ˵ģ͵һ־ģ
ǿ
ʷٷҴݲȵڽ̨ϳⷨԭлһЩ֪ⷨʶ
εٶȺܿ졣
һָ߽ʦһˣͽʦȴкܶĶһűʼǡ
̨¡
ޱĿһݵŽ̨ϵĵʦһʼֻǾʷٷôѧԺôǲ֪ԭԼˣԼĵʦһţƶǷǳǳţơ
ʷٷҵĿγڰʱ
һֱ·ˣҲЩʦʵĻᣬΪʵ̫ˣȥش
Ŀγ̷ܲ
ûȤְѧԺĿڶڸǽÿΣֲ԰ڣһռ̨־ĸ߽ʦݷá
ʷٷԷ˷ۣܸɴûȤذɡ
Ǻðɡ߽ʦеʧصͷǡ
ʵϣܶŰʦϲʱ˷ڱϣȥֻܸȡԺʷٷҵĶ񶼷ڽϡ
廷ʦָָ꣬ȡһ»ʷٷҰ꽲һڿεġ
廷ֲΪ˵ʦġ
ʷٷƲƲ죬1Žħ񹤳ͼȡ˳
ħ񹤳һƴĹ̡
ʵϣħħ񹤳ڶɲͬĶģ˵ħģʯħǵ̳ģħǽģЩͬÿħҪĹǲһġ
һħ񹤳ϵߣ
Ψһͬľװ䣬ֲͬħ˵һװȻûװķм
ʷٷĿǰߡ
һħߣҪ΢һ㣬ħսҲ͵һڶʯħߣҪȽϸ߳ĵ̹գʷٷұԶеװϷԶߡ
ĿǰеԴʷٷһ޷ħߡ
ҡ
ħ񼤻Ҫ꾧ʯģʷٷĿǰеȫҲöӣһͷ
޴ɹ顣
ϣʷٷҽҪ㹻Ĵ׷ȥˢֵĻǿ취֮꾧ʯġ
ʷٷҪһԸ
ǵĿǰԴѷʷٷһǾһħߣϾճֲϻ׻õģճħܹҲҪ򵥺ܶࡣȵ㹻ħ֣ʱ޽ʯħҲ١ħҪõħͺϣʦǱߵ̬԰ûнһֲϿҪ廷С꾧ʯ滹ǱȽϳԣģʷٷʱ˲ٵĴ
ַѡʯǱߡ
ʷٷ׼ںʯĻһħߡ



061 ħߣ
廷
ѧԺڵռ̨ȽæµʷٷҺüοЩռ̨ռǵʦָĲ˹ȥäŮ׻ĳԱҲǱ߰æƺ׼ǰһ½ĹߣھʲôʷٷĿǰȨ޵ȼ޷֪
ǿȥŮףʵ̫ˡ
ʷٷҳǰĵ죬廷͹ϢѧԺĽŽһºγоһڷء
һµʱ㹻ˡ
ʷٷħһ˳ĻҲǰҾ͸㶨ˡ
ħ񹤳һɣǹڵĲֿ᲻ϻۿδħܣʷٷֻҪڽõõʱ꾧ʯͷͿˡħܱҲҪʱģħӦþճ̡
ֲ԰
ʷٷںķ˲ٵľڽһװˡ
ҹߡƤף׼Ʒʣ
һڰ۹ҲֵƵװ
ĴħƷѣĵϡвҲܶ࣬һ漶ƷҪü漶ĲϲʷٷĿǰл۵ĴԴ٣Ҳûɱٴ漶Ĺ
Ȼ
ҪģֻͷʬҪǰˡ
ʷٷҰޱȵƤ׽ʦʱλɮҲɶſһܿϧɮϲ׵ģΪӰԼ֣Ҳֻܸɵۿ
Ҳ֪ĸħ˻ʹװ
Ǯ塣
ʷٷ˷ǳĺҲǶ꾧ʯһöƷѪ⾫ͰҵľΪʣѣĲȫװˡ
߰ʵڵʦѾˡ
߽ħƷʮöħۻѾʷٷҸħ˴ӪѻĴ˴ν׾ˡ
Щħ˻ᶯ֮̽벻Щʩߵ˷ʦ˸ǰ棡
ʦһж
ʷٷҵĹƣҪ֮Ļûһµʱǻزġ
ֲ԰һ
Ůɻڳ˯УʷٷҲõķҲûϢĪʦǰˣɳĮǱߵؾפ˴һµʱ䣬ǰΪؾµⷢ֡
ħҬӣ
ҬһȴȴľɳĮش߿Գ60ϣָߴľĹʵӪḻɳĮشҪʳԴ
ĪʦʦصһϡеħҬĿҪǸֲ԰ʦо
ħҬĹʵһħԿԽʵãбȽ΢Ķԣʳ̫Ļп񫣬ĪʦΪ㷢ħҬģħǺΣգΨһȽ鷳ľṥˣҲ˵ͨ˸޷ħ
Īʦϣֲ԰˿ܲܽĹʵΪħҩĲʹãֲһħҬ˲ټӡ
Ŀǰ
ǿħҬֲ԰档
һȺֲħҬʱʷٷҾԱߣĿ΢΢˸Ҳ֪ʲôֲܶ԰ʦˣ׷Ҫ˲Ӻ͹ʵʷٷվԱȻҲҪһ㣬Īʦˬظ˲١
ɳĮؾһСؾ
ħҬҲ֪ǹŴʦģΪȻ֡
ΪĪʦˣŮİȫҲõģֲ԰ʦȻȥԪسؽתҵλֲ԰о·ֵħֲ
ħҬĲܴ
Կ;ôֲ԰һµﾭԴĪʦҲܵѧԺĽ
˫̥ûû
ʷٷħߺҲӦҪˣǸʱ򼾽ڲ＾
ֲ԰ߵŪ
ʷٷұڵڶ뿪ѧԺڵԤŵ»غʷٷֱӴͷʦ

ʷٷҵӰոճ֣ŮǱռ̨ϡ
ˣ
ˣ
ûиóԵģ㰡һ˹ȣȴҪóԵġ
ˡˡԱߵĵȿ˹СҪźܶ࣬΢΢ȹͷʷٷԴ
߷ŮƽʱȽϳĬҲ΢΢վһߡ
ʷٷָһԿǣȻίӽϴר÷õħ˳һζλŮͶʳָ󶯣һӸ˵ûߣóԵģʵ̫ˣ
һ쵽֪ԣҲ֪ǿ˻׬ˡ
ˡ
ǿĲʯᾧѾջһЋħѾСˡȿ˹СΪܼҽһͳƵ˹
ʷٷҿ˿ͷܺáɵò
ڵõʷٷҵĿ佱󣬵ȿ˹Сֵ΢Цȴ΢һ˿⡣
Ҳģ㻹û佱ءһ̻ʵسԶһͷʷٷҵĿ佱
ʷٷƳһۣĹͷЦ



062 ħߣ
һת
Ů͹£ɵػԴȵµ׿󣬻ʷٷҾҪѸطˡ
زķϵ
Ϊʷٷﻹ˲ƳʹȵȣݷǵĴҾϾܲȻ֪Ų˵׬˶ǮĿǰ̶ӵĻѾǧˡ
ͬʱΪĹϵʷٷҶ׵Ҳ١
ʷٷȥ¿˿ʯᾧ棬ĿǰЩʯᾧѾܵ˵һжǱ߻ӣĿɸͿ첻ֿڻİв٣Ϊò껹һȥŲ˲ɹʡʷٷҵǰڻѾӽʮˣҪǿĲһðպսƷֻҪ͵ĸջôЩܼȥ
ĲĿﵽһٶʮƥ
ħ̺ĻſʮЩĲǾԲӶģԺкò÷˸Ůȫһѡ
Ӱ˵鶼Ų˵ڴΪһΰʦʷٷҲûоȥעЩ¡ɽ˿ѾǧˣŲ˻ڸ޽һСׯ԰ͬʱɽһƯıҲڶ
ΪÿܽС㶼ס졣
ʷٷȥֿɨһۿ棬ʦʵܴһֶòҳģԺ»ָ֮ۡҲһܴģ뱣֤ԼĽһֱдĴ
⣡
ֿʮ飬ʷٷתһ۶߹ǿеֱԴһ¡
ӣҲ˵ĬĬ㵽߷Ů
ѾСˡ
ÿζֻ͵ôһջ֮»Ǳһ۷ˡ
ʷٷڸߴһ磬Ԫ¯ռ̨ϵǼʴšһ͵ĲʣһЩħӡ
ǱߵķӦܿ졣
ʷٷʱʱ򣬴³׶ࡤ̴߱ϿͨΪʷٷһᴫʲôҪʹû뵽ʷٷҴĵʱţȴ͹Ǽöصӡ
ʲôŮcվڴԱߺʵ
׶ϾǴλĵ³ʼɻ̱ܵ⼸öӵĲ֮ϸضſһɫ΢΢૵Ҭӣ
ԣ
ӦħҬӣǳǿ
ʦֲ𣿡
ҲǿԳ԰ֲ︽
ʷٷһ͹ʳ׶ࡤѡһЩûȥֲǺܿϧЩСʵ̫ˡ
µĻѾˡ
鷨ļӳֱЩĦ̩ũ޷ʷٷͻֲȴе㲻ͬΪħֲǶԻӦҪǿܶ࣬±ķ䳡Ҳֱɱħֲ
ھͷ׶ࡤе㼤
³ǿԴ߻ֲħֲҲԣΪܶ³ľѪΪһλĵ³ϧһдЩӵĻӦھǽڣʱ֪ʷٷҴǹˡ
ϧؿ˻ڳ˯С׶ࡤ̾Ϣ
ǻ۹ؿ˻ûг˯Ļǿǿ񼶹ӦֱӾͿѿɳ
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׶ࡤ߶ͼµĵ³µȻѾϹаﳹ׸ˣôŬ޷µĵ³֮ǵڲǿ˭Ҳ֪kʲôʱᷢһϮ
ʷٷҵȻ֪׶ࡤж͹ȥħӡ
ֻǵҬȻܹɳĮش棬ôЩħҬû׼ҲӦǲпޱȵĻҪĻЩӦÿ﷢ӳСá
ϾѾ챻ɳĮˡ
ڴ긡ߵʷٷұ㶯ǰʯδħȥһǽʯ˻һҪ󶯹ħߡ
ħ񹤳ĺܱȽأ취޽һܵ
ħַʽպһ£ȵԺħʱͱħ񹤳޽һԪ¯ṩˡ
1ţ
ϴλĸճǵһͼȡ
ʷٷҵӰڻɽڣ˿ܵĻܸоһڵͼЩط۴ҾЩطбҪ޸һ¡



063 ħߣģ
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ƶ֮أʲôǿֵܳİ⣬ҲֻһЩԭʼ˪˺ᡣ󲿷ڴǱߣѾ쿿λˣʷٷҲȥ鷳㲻ˡ
ڻɽԪػڵĹҽֱˮ
1ŵɨһʯħת򶼺ĺʯڷõ˲ֿǱߡǱߵڵĸƻѾ˹˼ڲϻеѷʯȱһʡʷٷҪúʯѵػȫǣΪʯӵеħԵĹϵԼ򵥿¼ľͿԳΪħ壬δճǿ١ħҪء
ħԴȼʩѶȣøճǵͨҲħü򵥵ʩ
츳Ĳͬͨ˿ʩչٵ㼶Ϸ츳΢һĻôѧһЩͽ׷ȻڸճǵħǷΧڲãħǵķΧôʩͨ˻ǻ˲䱻ԭΡ
ħȨʷٷգҪʱԷħγɡħʦʩ
򵥵ı
ħһ߼ķ
1ţ
Щħħ񹤳ת򡣡
ʷٷҵüĸһɫĹâһʵĹһЩħϣ1߼ն˸飬ֱӸħܼµĹܣôҪģͨʷٷҶ˷档
ʼس򣡡
ؽ20%40%60%80%100%
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ħ񹤳صר
1ŵļһޣ˵ħصĵ̡ȵȣֻܹص20ֵҵգҲ൱רҼ𣬻ϲ̫ܼصʦ
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ʷٷǰЩħֻ15յӣԽϼĵԽ࣬ҪƷʵ꾧ʯΪġ͸˼عһԽˮƽҪԽͬʱӲҲи
ȫվá
ʷٷҵĸһɫȻЩħѾרأҪЩħһЩ졣
Ҫ档
ʷٷ޳˱Ƚɵ˫֣ͬʱָؽںؽ϶ӡµķģǿħ˫ֵȣһľ㹻һħˡ
ЩǸħܣҪսϵħܸ߳һأ
ǽħߵĳ䣬ʷٷҿٳһƽҵĿռ䣬ðʱѻĹˡ
ħſԷֳ֣һǽ֫岿֣һǿԲɵģû1żרôⲿֿʦѧͽɡڶװṹⲽͺƴģͣħܵṹװʩһĿǰûа취ԶҪʷٷ֡ħߵҪǰ֡
һճħҪ1000ҵճûκ⣬ʷٷѾڻ˲ٵճԴ
ħҪõմɺ͵̣Ҫϡеħճڲӡֿ̲1ŵķħɡڻеװҪõľǽװáװúװãЩʷٷҶԺɽ
װħᱻ浽ֿ棬ڲҲûм꾧ʯΪġ
ҪħĻʷٷҪ꾧ʯȻʩչװķһ϶ǵȵħ񹤳۵һĿڻһɡ
Ȼһ˵ܼ򵥣ʷٷȴķ˽ݵʱ䡣
ÿ춼ʦͺʯܵ˽ʱ䣬¼صħڶݵӦں˵ڶε޸ģħ񲿼Ѿ90%ϵĳɹʡ
ħ񹤳ˮߵķʽתͷɡ֫ȫǷֿġ
Щռܵħ񵥶һʮƷоżǿʹõġ
ѹصһ1עһ˿ħ񹤳ʦʷٷҰ꾧ʯ˴;飬Ḻж֫岿ǷϸȻװĹ̷õֿ档
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ħȫĻ㹻ÿδħܣҪһܵĻʷٷҾͱļʦѧͽ߼µĸħ
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ʷٷҲһħߺ󣬵ͷϷøŮͶڲ䣬ɺħһʩһΡ

ҵ취Ū㴫Ʒʵ꾧ʯˣ1ŵû취ظĸħ񡣡
һѭ
ϴʦԾ굹Ǹ1Ų˲ʡŵû֧źܾãʷٷһͷûˣֻ취ܡ



064 ħߣ壩
1ŵĿζܵ
ͨ鹹װ壬ûʵģʷٷҵһ˿Ϊɣͬʱ԰񼶾Ϊ塣Ƚͨ׶Ľ;ʷٷҽԼһǳȡðԪؾΪĲڵ1š
޷1Žгܡ
ҪûǴԵʷٷҳܵѶȴˣ
Ȼ
״̬1սҲǳǿʷٷȫġװԸ󲿷ֵĵˣҲûһս֮Ҫ1ָܻȫҲ֮ʷٷһǴ򲻹ǸʲôĹ۲֮ۺۣ֮Ǿаӵġ
꾧ʯ
е鷳ҿɲǺϲ֮
ʷٷ°Ϳħ񹤳૵ҵŮҪµˡ
ĿǰֻŮ͡
˵ȷʵеˣϾǴ˵ʦŮûһǿҲ˵ȥ
ȿ˹СĿǰĹѾˡ
֯ķĲµıʯᾧȵȣĿǰЩ
߷ŮĿǰӦʦճ̬԰Ĺֳάڸ˵ÿҪҲ١
ŮеľǶ
ҪħȻÿ춫һǹһǹĸ˰æûŮεӣ΢е͵Ŀʱȥֿ͵
һһֻܵãҲ˵ʷٷĿǰֻŮڹ
ħ񹤳ҪһŮ͸𡣡ʷٷ°͵
ڲõĽħ񹤳϶ʦйҪһ֣ʷٷҪһŮߵĹںʵѡҲûܹﵽʷٷұ׼ĺÿʵõŮʵǲࡣ
ֻõȿ˹һݻҲŹȥæˡʷٷҰԵ
֪Ϊʲô
˵Ǻ޲õһ١
ӦʷļŮˣ
ʱת۹ȥ˰¡
ʷٷҳհѸڵĸ칤һ룬ʣһ뻹ҪȺʯһʱ䣬ȻǱҲ취ʷٷҴһʹħҬ飬ʷٷĿǰûյϢҲ֪׶ࡤûаֲϽвԡ
£
һƬ޸׶ࡤüͷעǰŸߴ20ף΢΢ڶʱܹߣͬʱ˽Ҭʵħֲ
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ǳɹ𣿡ԱһѧߴС
׶ࡤߵͷҡҡͷɹˡҲûɹΪЩ
üеҬ棬·˼ʲô
ʷٷҴ͹ħҬȫӦϿ̵Ȼͬʱڴ³ķ߻£õ³ȵٶȽ˽ڡҲ֪ǲΪµĻϵҬħԽԽˣЩҬȻӪḻҲܸߣȴһð׶ࡤߺܲ档
жԣ
Ϊµ⻷׶ࡤԼʳһЩҬʵ󻹷ӵ΢»Чͳԡ
ǿְҵ˵⣬ɮ߶صв٣ܶǿսʿҲҬĶԡЩǷͨϾ΢еˣƫ˺СʳõĻпܻ
ƫƫħҬľ˲ð׶ࡤ߸޷
Ҭ汾ͱΪɳĮڶΪ©ӡӪḻ̲ʳǷֺֻܸҪžܹʷٷ͹ħҬӣǸոսھܲǧöʵÿŶнӽ20ˡɵ³רĻħҬĲһҪӦϿȻڵɳĮʴźش塣
Ȼ⻹ֹһ
ħҬڽں󣬾Ȼ̹ᷢˣڲժҲкܴ⣬Ǹְ߽ҵ߲ܺˡ
Ҫǰؿ˵ʦûг˯ͺˡ׶ࡤ̾Ϣ
ȻǴλˣǶľ˽϶ǲǻ۹Ҫǿð񼶵ǻ۹ѱЩħҬͺˡԶ֮ӵкܶȫԽһľԼԸȥ졣
У
취Իһΰؿ˵ʦΪ˸һЩҲֵõģ׶ࡤ߰Ե
԰ǻ۹׾ͿԵ㻯ħҬӡ
һ˳ĻһħҬͿֲ޵ıԵشǶǱħֲǶֲڵ³ش



065 ħߣ
ǰǻ۹һѵľ
Ϊ֮ڻ֮ǵʴ´ڣԭΪǿ鷨ػ鷨ؼһ־λ񼶵ǿά֣Ͻʣİ񼶴ˡ
İ鲻Ѿ䣬Ǳ֮Ǹ׸ˡ
˿̡
޵ڴڣĳԱ˼ҵС
У
һǰѰؿ˵鷨أҪ鷨޷ֵ֮ǵ룬ôﶼܿݣһཫӷԵ
Ѿ
Ҵάһֵ֧ͬµ

Ű׶ࡤ߸£ΪбҪôĻô϶ɡһλθϸԾվɫüëʮ׳պ΢΢´˿ָ׶ࡤ߸£ΪʳĻǲðôķա
ϾĿǰ֧ţʷٷҸҲᶨڴʳ
ɷԵʷٷҴ˿̾Ȼ˱ɵĵơ
ò˵ô಻ͬһ֮ǵĿвҲ̫ȫ໥Ρ
ǵġ
ֻΪʳĻֵðôķաһõͳ
׶ࡤ¶һ˿ЦſֽһЩҬĹʵ˳ַ˹ȥµȻѾǲ취ıһĻ᳹׿ݽߣǸʱ֮ǵÿǰǿ󣡡
ħҬԵ䳡ʴзҲӦóһ£
ݵĳĬ
һӵİ˳ħֲɣһ֮ʴǻ᲻һµĵˣ
ҲɳĮα֤뿪鷨ķΧǲ֮ǵצ
׶ࡤվֹһųҪؿ˵ʦİֻܾЩǻ۹ڳκһ˶Ҫ˽ľ

һֱڶĲɮˣͶƱɡ
ڳԱ໥һۡ
һʼ½ͶƱ׶ࡤԭɫ˲ʧΪ˼֧ߣ˼ȫͶ˷Ʊ
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׶ࡤޱؿ˿ˣûвڷ絲꣬Сܹѿ
˵꣬תͷҲص뿪ˡ
˶һۣ죬Ϊ׵ĲɮǷһ̾Ϣ
⡣
һֱڰ׶ࡤ׷е㲻׶£Ǿˣ
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׶ࡤ߿һۣƽҲġ
ǲף򳹵ʧȥôջ֮ǣ
һʲô壿

ʷٷҾ벻ԼΪö͹ȥħҬӻôۣ˿æµĽŸڵĸƻһڵĸƻҪ̬԰ʷٷҪƽ⸡ԪҲõˮ𶼴ﵽһƽֵ
ǿ
ǸڲĿҪֳͨҪǽǽĻ͸Ҫˡ
ˮȽϺð졣
ʷٷֻҪͨˮԪλͨͿԣлŪһֻˮŮʲôĸ
¶Ⱥ
Ҫάȶ¶ȱ仯ҵڲ¶ȣҪʱԼܡ
ĿǰѰһ
ΪҪ־ǡпޣһǽڵĻûļӳֻһжú⡣
1ţ
ĿǰֿĲϹ졾װ𣿡ʷٷüʵ
ܿ죬Ļе𣺡
ȱٴλԪغģȱٴ֮ʯȱٸ߽Ԫؾˣ
ʷٷεʼû˵
úǿ
ǽڿάָȶͬʱȥ׷ʷٷҹȥд׷ߣӸ߽ʦսʿӦоУЩΪ˱ӻЩΪЩΪȨЩΪ˲ƸΪָǿְҵ׷ʷٷҵʷٷҵĸճڹΪǽѰָϡвϣԴ˻üνʹͣĽͱ֮ʯ
һʷٷʯȫûκεĸãЧǼ򵥴ֱһ150



066 ͧһ
廷
ʷٷٶȷѧԺʱļѾ𽥽βҲ֪ǲΪĹϵһ㶼ûиоȣ·һӾʹӴ＾
ʷٷǻˢһϴηôˡ
Ŀǰл˴ǧöħʯûõѧԺϾҪĽʷٷеħʯǧöҡЩħʯĹ൱ģܿϧʷٷұҪĶҪǲϡԭסʦװϣȡħѪںֲȤ󲿷ħʯȡϡвϡ
ʷٷҸ¡
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һģΪĳŮ׳ʷٷЦЦóһöˮĿһǰµʦȹȥ˺ܶࡣ
󲿷Ԫؾ˵Ѿɡ
Ǹ߽Ԫؾ˵ֻһҪ߽ʦ׼ȥ̽Ԫλɡ
һСɵĿռ˹
ʷٷҷСԪؾ˵ˣϾ廷Ԫسصʦ࣬Ǹ߽Ԫؾ˵ֻһˣֹûи߽׵ʵѶԸ
ף
Ϊʲô꾧ʯû˽񣿡ʷٷɻ̧ͷ
˲꾧ʯ񣬿ȴû˽е㲻԰
ռ̨꾧ʯܴ󣬺оʲôµĶŮЦЦ͵
ԭǱˡ
ʷٷеƵصͷһ½ŰٶöħʯԷǰֻ֮һĶԪؾˣʷٷһչʮöƽÿһöļ۸ʮħʯҡ
ҪǼ۸ٵ͵ĻԪسصʦöˡ
Ǽ𣿡ǰŮ̧ͷʷٷҵ
Ȼʷٷҵͷóöħʯ˹ȥĲ嵥ҹҵȥ
廷ܺá
ʷٷҪʲôֻҪ̫ѸģԹҵȥЩҪ׬ʦǿȥѼ⼫Լʷٷҵʱ䡣
ˡ
˵ħƷΪı𣿡ʷٷͻȻ
ǰŮ΢һ£ԥǿԡҲûıҪħʯΪħƷʦĻôӦûʲô⡣
ǸħƷĹֵҪȡٷ֮һķá
ʷٷҵͷš֪ˡ
ǰʷٷл۵ĲѾвˣѧԺҲħƷʱóһЩȽϡͨħƷˡ
ڻ˲ٵķĲ
ʷٷҵһʵĲ÷죬ô򵥸ħһ¾һħۿԳ֡
ȻԼǾԲȥɲ÷ˡ
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ʷٷҷʱ̱оһǴӻǱߴġ
Ůˣ첽˹ȥ
ܿϧ
ǸԶʷٷҲܿһѵСŮΧڻػǵŮٵѵĻЩСŮӦǻڻϷ֡
ǣֲ
ʷٷΪȵؿǰһУΪǰʻѾʢܶѾʢʱڵʻѾţ·ߵҰҲһ仨١һƬضǻĺһһС

ǽıˣŮȻûѣǿ봫ˡ
ȻŮ׻һʷٷĪЦЦ
Ůɳ˯ڻ룬ǸȻı仯ʷٷҹҪ˶þˡ
СŮȽ
ŮӦһ⣬ʷٷҴ
ֲ԰һлӣǰʱ䱻ߵƤƤҲȫˣԶֺܹƤƤܿǻεһԸȽ϶û۸ϲŪԼͬࡣ
Ǳûˡ
ʱʷٷҵʦѧͽŸӦöϿΣǳѧԵĻʦѧͽǱ붨ڰѧԺĿγ̰ߡ
ʷٷҡ
ʷٷҡ
һԳһģһ˫̥óǰޱͰվں΢Цŵעǰʷٷңǿűȹȥ΢һ㣬ŮԽ硣ִ뿪н£űȹȥһЩӦûֲ԰ôݡ
ޱ򡣡
þò
ʷٷ΢Ц˹ȥſ˫ۣЦһ
˫̥öһЦЦһһҸʷٷӵһ¡
󣡡
Ů׵ĺʷٷһ۵ˣ
ĥĥ󣬸ȥռ̨
ŮһʷٷұǷռ̨Ǳ߸ϣ·ʲôҪһ



067 ͧ
ռ̨
ʷٷҸոչ㷢һѵѧԺʦæµԱ߻ռ̨ռǵʦˮǲʲôֵ
ڴһϺһ޴ķͧǰ
ħͧ
ԭʱڸʷٷ˼
ΪĦ̩̫ھ޴󣬹ֻĻ޾ںУĹ̫࣬Щ޾߽ʦһܶԸϷɵĻô߾Ҫȫܶ࣬ĵҲȽ͡
äŮ׻ĳԱߡ
ǰħͧӦһּóģΪΪ׵Ůָ˲÷
ܴͧ
沼һЩϢߵӥΪԾƵϮ˹̴һŮ׵
ʷٷվԱ߿˿ʧȥȤ
ΪħͧõĻڵġҲǽӡ̼ӳͷͧصķļǲûգڸ߼ĸջǸʮǧ
Ŵʦĸڵʦ˶ϲ㣬ܶ෨ѧɵĿƼǵġ
Ǿȥ٤޴½ʷٷʵ
Ů׵ı鵹Ϊ˷ܣͷšӦñܶˡ
ûϢ
شʶ١
ʷٷƲƲ죬ʵԴأһβ̵·̣
֪Ů׺ܸɴصͷЩռ̨Ӧý顣ֻܵʱųͺá
ԵħΪԴǺܴġ
ԭסʦܰѷͧŪѾǺܲˣϾⶫǰ۹ʱҲʹ˺ܾãҪ۷Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
һͶ
ʷٷתäŮ׻ġߡɯֵĿעԼ΢üͷͷʾ⣬²Ů׳ȥˡ
ͧŸոɡ
ĿǰĽȣռ̨˻òһʱ䣬ϾҪһƬ޼ʵĺ
ʷٷҲǺäŮ׻˴򽻵ǿ͸ԼĵϸԤԷԼʷٷǿޱȵķӡԼͬʱļӳ֣Ҫ˲ԤԷĻǲҲˡ
ʷٷҵӰ뿪󣬡ߡɯ̱˼ƿߡ
֮
һƬɵУһ䱸ڸ·
ʦӰڶǳĿȽĿĻмԪسػռǵĴͷΪʦȥѧԺæʦ廷ӦһЩѧԺڼ򵥵ɳһԪسصʦæ
Ϊ׵ԪسʦʦǲĴͷҲĿӲһֱ粿ӡħơ
Ӧþڸˡ
һ߽ħ̯ž˿աħļأŴʦӡаڸ
ԪسصʦΪսƷ
˿Զʱ˺ܶ࣬ҪΪսƷξûôʦæ
ˡ
ɢʦҲĴͷһȵע⾯䡣һ·Ļˣе㲻Ծ
ͳķӽ
ʦʩԲڵɢ
һЩ޵Ļ귢ֵЦͼλ꣬ȫûʶÿ춼кܶλɢճ뵽֮ڣЩ̶ܴϾɢ仯ġ
ǿ쿴Ǳߣһ
̧ͷʱʱľ
һƬŴ콨ǰ
нԲṹħ·бһĶǶˮ򣬸ԶԿΪΰĹŴʦݻܣ޽Ľһƹΰ׳ЩǧɱĻٿ֮һĽġ
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ʦ첽˹ȥüǰʯ૵Ŵʦ֣ԣǹŴ׷۹ıģ
մ
ǹŴ׷۹ĳУô֮棡

ûռ̨˹֪ռ̨ʦˣ
δӵħҲһ죬ΪǰһиžϵĲһ
Сģһ
ͻȻ䡣
ܹһ磬ʵӰǰ֣һӴŹŴ׵ǰȫʵ飬ĳУն˫˸΢ĺ⣬Ժܾ˵ٶȾۼһ
ߣǣ
ЩѸٳ˹ǵĿϰˣһľӱƹɣһĹ߱˵ء
Сģ󳷣
ʦ˫һϱŷҫ۵Ļ⣬ʦҲǻԪ̬ڻ˳롣
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ɫ鸡ǰǸͨ˵ӣŹŴĳۣ˿̺ƶߵһк޲ǰظĹһжŨϢ֪ʱʦ÷ɢ»



068 Ŵżһ
˵̫ˡ
жһֻʮ߰ˣԪسصʦĶѻħˡȻɳ˴󲿷ֶǸ֣Ҳսħˣ屶ϵĵˣһ̬ľӱʱһĹʧء
ȳϺ󣡡
ʦһߵĶƾԶ飬̱ǴȵߣԽԽˣ
ʽ
һܵĵˣʦ͵һ˵ϣӲһɳĵĵ汻һʯʦӰ͵ڿնڰ߳һƬӰ㿴Щʯڵʮʯ϶еʯһĹѺۼЩʵ֮䣬ʦĹʱǰĺüǧٿ׻ɢ
ʦ
һ߽ħƺҪʦͷһۺҧҧǴʦౣأ
鿪ʼѸٺ󳷡
ԪسصʦʱӳһЩʦ˴עٸȫװӽΧ
ػԣ
ħǳս׺ʦͻȻһ磬һӰ֣kɨһȦܵ飬ͻȻſ˫ƽһ磬ųβһɨͻȻθߵʮңֱӽƬ˰С
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ʦӰȺеɫص뿪Ҹȫĵط֪ͨ廷
ⲻ˿Խġ
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һ֧Ѳ߶Ӿʧ˺üˣҪ̽еĻû廷֧Ǿ԰첻顣
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ʱʼŹžĸ߽ħͻȻڵžϼصĲûֻǵûм¼Ŵе顣ô
Ļڳ˱鶼
ӼҲʦԶ૵
ʦԴôȵѧԺ֧Ԯ
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ȥҩһ£ӼҲĻҷȰλòҪ˯
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ʦǽӹһڹ£ħţüͷȥ
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廷
ʷٷٶȻָƽճÿȥͼݲһ鼮Ȼ󷵻סʼճǵһڵͼ
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ϵĶ٣ʷٷڹ滮ճϸܰǰľںܶȥͨ߰õԴڶû취ŪڸճǵĵһͼʷٷҶԾΪĿꡣ
ĿǰճǵһڵĽṹͼΪ⼸֡ʯħ񹤳̬԰¶ߣʯᾧ棩ֲ԰ħֲ㳡δסլȵȡ
ΪʷٷӵбȽ԰Щֲ졣
ȵҪ齨ճǵʱʷٷҿС͸ջЩɲգ÷Ľƴһ𣬾ͺƴװľһ齨ճǡ
1ţ
һڻħܴṹͼһܲ㸡ճǵһڵ󣡡
ʷٷҷеıʣǰĵħܴ˳˼С
ճǵԴʦԱҪƵܵطܣⷽƱҪǵЧʣħܴ̫˷ѵĻʦĸ
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һ֣1ſʼʷٷƵħܴ磬ǳˮλá
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ʦһشˣ
֮ҵһõĹŴУ



069 Ŵż
ŴУ
ʷٷҲһ£ʱֹͣ1ŵ㣬վʵŴУ֮棿
šŮ״˿ҲȽϼͷһõĹŴС
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仰Ůһ£漴ʷٷҵĶͷȻڵˡ
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㻹ΪǴ˵еĸճǰ
˵⣬Ů׵ıֱó૵ճǣһеĳУ
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ʷٷ΢ʧһ£ָһ÷ԼõĸճǵһͼȻʦҵ˹ŴʦĸճǣһõĹŴҲпļֵҲܹҵܶмֵĶ
ǲҪȥ٤޴½𣿡ʷٷͻȻʵ
ŮһɷʵӶʷٷҿȻشķ֣˭ȥ٤޴½
ռ̨ʦˣ
һȺѧԺɵʦѾʰˡЩäŮ׻˶ȥˣЩ˶Żȥôżȥ
˵ǿǹŴʦĳа
治֪жѾʧ֪ʶѧԺǧشķ֣
ðɡ
ʷٷҵͷһ¡ʰ¶һ
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Сһ
ʷٷǲɳ˳飬ֲ԰ҲֻŻôֵسƺĪʦΪСһˡ
ŴʦĳС
֪ʲôĵطʦֵȥӡӼ𣿡ʷٷҺ뵽ʲôͻȻ䲻üͷ
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ʷٷұ㷢һѵԪسʦڽϣĳŲͷʦֵȺѧԺɵ˸ȥͶ̥֪Ǹط֮𣿡
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ΪĿص֮ڣ廷ֱռ̨ѧԺڽһ֮ͨĴţźͽ֮ѧԺڵλãһƬտͶӰϰٸʦۼһ
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ǰվһ򵥵Ӫء
мħСݣһ¥ĽӪزһռ̨ʦԪسصһСפأʮˣ
ȵš
һ˻ǰ̽·ҪеûʲôĻʮһȺŤӰǻʱûʱȥʰǣҪȥҽһԪسػռǵĹͷʦ߹
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ҲһȥǲҪ֣һ¡
ĪʦеεؽħҬŮĵʦѵѹһ졣
ҲʷٷҸƤƤˣ



070 Ŵż
֮ʵͶӰռ䡣
ȴʵ粢ȫͬغŤĸţ֮ʵ80%ϵƶȣ˵廷֮һճǣཨͶӰ֮ʵӽǵòг95%ϵƶȣǵرͻкܴĲͬ
类Ũĸ֡
ΪȻͬԣ֣֮ıЩ޴ɹĹ»Ұ
ͨʦǳƺΪλꡯ
֮λĿ൱Ӵ󣬻ʵжȥͻᵮٵλꡣЩԴһʱ䣬־ɢĻǾͻᱻɣջ֮һ֡
ٲλ緢ɱ䣬ͬΪʳҲἳȡ
ʱǿĻ͵ˡ
ĻĴڸ࣬ʵ֮䵫ȴûǿʱᱻŤһӰӰĹӰ
ŤӰսȼ7
˵ʵսʷٷһֻ־ͿȻŮ׵һôҲ˫̥öһ£ϾѾʽĻʦˡ
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ĪʦʦҲĵӣʷٷҵս֪һЩģӰò
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ʷٷҵͷԱ۵ý˫̥õһƿˮŵսƷɨһ¡ֱӻӪˡ
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ǻûˣ̶ֳȵϮԪسʦ˵˶㲻ϣÿʵսѵγ̶սǿҪߡ
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ʦأʷٷҽסǰħʵ
Ǹħ˿˿ʷٷҵߵ档
ʷٷֱӱ˹ȥʱպ˳Էɫߣ°ܿĸʴ˿ڡ
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ʷٷҶħ˵ӡǱȽģһͷιˣӲѪⸯʴĺݽɫΪԷȷʵŻԶָħһ׼漶
˵⣬ʷٷҿ˿ħ˵彣һǳԾһ£ΪѽɳıеĻҪ죡
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ʷٷϳħˣħϲʷٷңֻ΢΢ʷٷҵͷʾ⣬ע⵽նħϺħ˺ܾ罫סˡ
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ʦȶʷٷҺ΢΢ͷ¡һСˡ
ʷٷҿЦҡҡͷʦʵһĵ˸ˣɮôߣһʦ˾֪Էǳǰ˾Ϻˡ
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ʦ΢΢üͷѹܶ顣Ǳĵط
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ɨ赽쳣ʱղɨ赽ʱŤ󣡡
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ɨ赽ת
һĿĺλãǸ޴ĺɫע1ɨ赽λá

ʷٷпһ£漴е㾪ϲԵһĹŴаȻڱ


071 Ŵżģ

ʦǵ߽֮һ
ɪʱһֱ۹һֱʦǷ˵ֶΡ򵥵˵һ͵ķϵͳϹսԴȵȵΪһ塣ڵҪǷΪڰ۹ʱΪҪ̽ǽ磬ʦǽصճϲ䱸˽սԴĴ湹װ塣۷ʱǰ۹սΪ߳ɾ֮һΨһһܹǿȫһķϵͳ
1š
ɨǿ𣿡ʷٷҵ
ܿ졣
Ļе𣺡ܡҪ0.3%Ķ
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ܲ˲ǿ
ģɨݱ1ͬʱʾ𣺡ɨɣ
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Ϊʮƽ
жΪɪʱڵļ߱Զ̴սԴ߱ս߱ǽ
սȼΪ25
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ȻŴʦĴиɪʱĳеϵʷٷԶţ૵սȼΪ25΢һѰ찡
¡
սȼ30+һŴеȱٹӦתӴһһά֣սȼ½϶ն˷ϵͳֻҪǻת涼һЩΪĹװ壬ЩôܲĵˡʷٷĿǰʵЩն˷װ廹ǱȽѵģĿǰϣľ֧̫Ĵ湹װת
ȻӪؿ廷ļƻʷٷҵ
ӪһƬæµ
廷Ҳ֪̽һŴʦżΣԣڽг˽ѧԺʱŻ̽ĽȣǸŴżΧ齻һ¡
ڡ
ά˶ʦѾԱ߻ݶŮסŮסռ̨ϯʦˣжһЩʷٷҲʶİף󲿷ֶԪسսʦӦʱؾڳġ

ά˶ʦǰһżªɨͼڹŴżΧע㣬ǽŴżڣǶдס
Ŀ150-300ҡ
ʵ൱ڻʦӵʦʵΪ׵ľ൱ڸ߽ʦ
ЩӦǹŴʦľӡ
ЩӵһЩʩǵĹиʴЧҶˡ
ڲ
ɳȥ˲ͻǵķߣķҲڸˡ
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ά˶ʦһϻһȦפص٣ҿĽӦǾΣԶԶĵط⣬òҪ̫棬ռ̨ڹŴżɨ赽
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˵ʦʱΪǸ߽ʦҲп˲ҷ
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ǽȰά˶ʦעһ£һС飬ǿԳ̽
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ʷٷҸոջ㿴һӸ߽ʦѾ׼Ů׺ȻУʷٷҺֵ
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Ŵżвٵ飬¸ڸŽȥ
ʷٷ΢΢ͷӦš
Ǳߡ
߽ʦĶѾսԪسʦпԿʦħ˵Ӱע⵽ʷٷҵߺʦ΢΢ͷʾ⡣ϣܹӹŴʦżҵһЩԸ֮ǵİ취
˵ʵŴżмֵĶӦþ
һǶԸ֮ǵģ
ʼжֻǹŴʦľסУսԵҪ²߱ǿĹ
ҪһӵСĹŴôݵģ
ʲôﵽ飿
ʷٷ̧ͷ˿ɫתԼ档
ʱں濴Ϸǲܵģڼ״̬Ļ廷һʱ벻˺Ҫһ̽ŴżľջǵԳС
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ʷٷҵ˲両ֻޱȵƤۣǸԼӳһߵαװȻʩչߵͷ⣬ſ΢ĲӰѸʧӪڡʷٷһֱܺԭסʦԴͷΪкܶ෨յһģһ
ʱ̽һ¹ŴʦԴˣ



072 Ŵż壩
ĺ紵
ʷٷҸոյŴżĸ1űɨ赽ŨĸȻ²ŨϢˮ
λ֡
֮»Ұ󳹵ɢ뵽УʷٷҲûзκδڸڤ
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Ÿɪʱ߳ɵƶȣʷٷҶȥǰʯ
šմϷҫ飬Ⱥ׹֮
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գһʵ֮ǰʷٷһ˰͸飬˷οһģһ
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ʷٷڽֵһȦܿ췢һõĽݶѾһƬвٵǻֱ˽ȥĵһɲǵľ㵣漴ָֻǱЩ͡
ľơһŮƮ˹
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ݵĳĬ
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άݿŮجţʹʦǺƶ޲ߣϯʦάϾҪӺˣ
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ʱʷٷҵвɿһ¡
ͻȻ䡣
һжתǰЩ飬ͶĻ꣬ѹǶظһЩͬ飬ѹǸͲ֪ԼѾˡ
ԭǶξ
Щ˸֪ԼѾȥһֱĳֿµа£ոһյظǰһС

⵽쳣⵽壡Ѹٿ
⵽δ֪ʴ
뿪ŴżķΧ
ͻȻ䡣
ʷٷҸое˯̾˹ֱתͷҲصسȥ
ĳаĴڷˣ
УһЩɵӰͻأسõ긽ǾͺŤӰðɫ۾עŸһСʱʷٷѾԶˣ΢һֱӸԼӳָߵȻŹŴż泷롣
ﻹһΣյĴڣ
ʷٷұ취һЩ廷ʦĻһС̫пܱˡ



073 Ŵż
ǱߵսѾˡ
Ŵżڵظǰһ飬յǰڵľӷֲʷٷҹǸʱжڸ߶Ⱦ״̬ǳеĸҪоפأڳڵĽֵϻǲǿѲߵӡ
ΪʲôɭϵԭӦǸλάݿŮĲйء
ʷٷʱ廷ʦΧһЩսƷ鿴ԶԶľܹһռ̨ʦ˵
ʲôܼӲƺԴħһԪسصսʦһѴ̽һµ
Առ̨ʦԴ˵Ƭ۾ȻʾԷݹϸ˺һе㲻ȷƺĳ
ħԺܲ
Ȼڶãе
ռ̨ʦĻ˶ɺؿ˹
ѽɫܷ񣬽ȺǵĵģжпڵѪۣʹõĶ칤ոڵС滹ܿŴʦõħơ
Ӧһʦͷ
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079 
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085 Ⱥ
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086 Ⱥ
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087 Ⱥģ
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088 棨һ
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ȻѹǳǧξѾе־壬֮ĸʴѸٻǻĵظ顣ЩΣָʼֱҶʼģЩ鲻ṥŴżĻˣҲͬɡ
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ʷٷһ֣ǰĲкɢ
̧ƿһۣ漴ĵһС֮ɢɵճ硣



089 棨
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ĿǰӪڵҪ˫̥õϢ̱ʷٷѯʵһЩô𣿡
أʷٷҿ˿ǰŮףһѧԱѧı顣
Ӧý޹ߵȶħѧ֪ʶɣ

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090 棨
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㷢ֵ𣿡ά˶ʦ̧ͷʷٷҵ
ʷٷҡͷָָԱߵ˫̥õǷֵġ
˫̥ԪسϯʦԵе޴ֻǺץġ
һά˶ʦתͷԱߵռ̨ʦͷʾ⣬ѾȷЩͻȻðĳӾǡ桿ˡǾ嵮ԭ򻹲֪һ˼֮Ĵı仯
˵꣬ʾ˶ѯʵλԴʲô
ͻȻ֡
ԲܹһϢ
Ŀǰƺûʲôİ취ɱЩֻǸ챻֮ɣĿǰõİ취ǼЩǵĵطһռ̨ʦڵ
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漴תԱ߳˼ʷٷңͻȻʵʲô
ά˶ʦĻڳ߽ʦ˹ʷٷԱߵŮ׳˳䣬һҪҷ
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ͼݵĵڶҲ˲йڡѧıʼǡ
ĿǰҲûʲôرõӦԷҽѧԺߵ֪ʶӦ廷ڹڡѧĿγ̡
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ʷٷҵĶͼѧԺڶģѧ˻ǱȽصġ
¸֮Ǵĳϵ
Ȼ֣ôĳʱǱضǷʲôҲ֪϶ʲôö
ѧԺӦǰһЩӦֶΣһЩʩʷٷҼ
ʱռ̨ʦվ֪
ͼйڹŴ֪ʶڼӿоĽȣȻŴżڵĺܶѾʧЧѧԺԴӦÿԳԽ޸
һӴϵ
ϵҪȥضҪ÷¼ΪǵʦɵĹ̡ڸħߵսУܵ˲СƻʷٷȻģ廷ûġ
鲢ûг̫ʱ䡣
ܿѧԺö˺ļƻص㻹ڹŴż棬Ƿ˹Ŵʦоİװ壬ʩչҪ׿ܸǿΪҪʹħˮռ̨ƽ⻹Ҫһʱ䡣
Դͼݵ鼮Ѿֻͻȥ
һõϢҲڵڶͻӪأ廷ɳȥ̽˺ʦһԪسصսСˣԷһλǿĸ߽׺ʦǼ֧ԮٶȺܿ¾Ҫˡ
ЩʦֱŵѪζĲӬȫ޿ײ룡ʦ棬ŭ
廷ôģжסˡ
ιŴżȷֵģҪǻ񺣵ؾȵѧԺ˹ȥѾ벻ٺʦˡʦһܿдǰͺ̣ǶڹŴʦ֪ʶҪӿȡٺʦ֯ΪǲǹŴʦͳ̳ߣ廷֡αơʦ֯ȫǰʯ
ôŴżǲܷΪʦĳֿ϶Ҫʵһսԡ



091 棨ģ
ʷٷͣ˴һݵʱ䡣
Ϊ¼ĹϵЩʦҲȽϿƣ˫ȻһЩĦûбҵĳͻ
ħֵƵԱǰߣһֵĺʦΪһѵĻᣬǽĲϽԴԴϣһֺʦΪһõףһЩȽƫĺʦ֯Ѿ廷Ӵ˵ڱ˫ûдʵԵĺ
ʦ⡣
ǳȡħѪ߻ֲħ٣ʽþ󲿷ֵĺʦ÷ƫִĮƧȵȡ
ݶŮ׹ȥǺʦ
ʷٷҵʱƢҪ΢һ㣬廷ھ󲿷ֵʦΪĮƧ߰ദˡ
ѧԺڡ
ʷٷҸոշرֱסͼ㣬깤Ľ汣ıǹŴżڵ鼮
ʱܶʦס棬ռ̨ࡣ
ʷٷҿٶȺܿ죬һѾˣʱռ̨ҲѡѧĽ̲±༭ˡ
һѧƱ˱޿Ρ
ͬʱһӹŴżڷֵ·ҲѧϰΧ
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ҲʽĻʦգúܼ򵥣Ǿܹһոȥ߱ĵڳȡ֮浽ǰ׼õʯڡ
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᲻ȡķ˵ȡȵȣЩ붼廷
ֻĽʩѶȡ
ķӦñϵ࣬ǹŴʦǶѧһ֪ʶоǼ˲ٿûʦ˾ͿԿʼΪ꾧ʯ
ͬģ
һҳģйŴʦ΢еа긽ħ֪ʶ
һѧɵĸħ־ԵصǱҪõ֮෴ϵ󲢲࣬ƺŴʦΪ֮κʲϡ
һѧ
ͺñȰ۹ʱġԴʡʷٷҷǳȵǹŴʦǾȻȡ˲оɹ
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ʷٷҸոջ㿴˫̥ϰʩ
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ʷٷҵĿ佱˫̥һЦ顣ѧԺ׼̬԰ıһȻдӹŴżҳѪʵƻ
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ʷٷ΢΢üͷš
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ȥһˣѯһµ顣
ʦҲһȥҲ֪Ŀǰ¸Ҫȥ٤޴½Ļôʷٷҵг̰žͺܽˣ͵ð̬԰ɱ
ҪǷĻԼ̬԰档
ѧо鵱Ȼǽ裡
ԺԼ̬԰深ܵĿˣʷٷô˵Ȼ輸ͷĻ
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092 ɱָ꣨һ
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ʷٷɱɻǱȽ׵ģϾĿǰ廷Ȩ޵ȼͣɱɻһĹ׶ȡ
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ʷٷεɱֻһţҲֻܹɱһͷ챩֡
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һƬһ޼ʵԭʼ֣һС
ʷٷҲŸոմϣܵһȻ֮
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1ŵɨ跶ΧڣʷٷҷһͷԵİ
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ڼĵ̣һϢŴ͵ĿԼΪٵĲ֡
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һſŰܷɵʷٷǰĴͿʵ漴ӴȻء
Ȼ̬԰3ʷٷȻɱһĿߡ
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094 
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ʷٷ̽һôҪڴ½ںߣȻ֮½ҲûȥԽԶ;Խȶ
ˣĿǰܹʷٷҪĵطֻһ
Ǿǡӣ
ʷٷʩչֱ֮ʧȥ˶ħƿأ͵˵ʱħ﷢ɧɢ廷ûɱЩħԵʱܶħﶼӵĵط൱һֱħﶼλӵ֮ڡ
޷ķ
Ǻܶħﶼǻӵ֮ռڣͬʱΪʵĹϵһħľۼء
ħķǿ
ǲϹаûа취ڣ㹻ĸѪ⾫ֻҪһħܱµа
ͱ˵ʷٷҸɵѪⸯߡ
Ŀľ⸽һˢԹķȥǻħȻǸɵռսƷ
ܹħķ䳡ʷٷѾеüĿˡ
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ʷٷڸ߻һЩ칤ҪɣͬʱոעսרħܻҪһ¡˵1ѵһЭͬսҽ̻ڼ꾧ʯϡϾԺתģʷٷұķ̫ľȥơ
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ʷٷĽṹжȶԲԺŶǰӵش
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ҿΪȾ̫ߵĹϵ⸽ַħļʺܸߣвٵħŽ֮
֮ԽλӰλ֮䡣
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֮ݻҲͬشŨǰһУڰԼԼŤӰȥǻŴλ꣬ڹ»ҰĿˣʷٷҵǷֺܶ
⸽Ϣħ¿ԷΪ֡
һħ࣬ҪħۺħۣǵΣԺܸߣзСڶѪ壬Ҳ֮ǴĹ廮ɻߡ޹֡ħߵȵȣ󲿷͵Ťħٲ̬ЩѪ֯ɵľ޴ǻ塣
ǰ߶֮ǴҪϵ
ħ󲿷ֶλݻĶҪΪظ顢ĻꡢҹӰʡȵȣϡٵֱ̬飬ҲǳĽʬʳʬʬȵȡΪǹĹϵ֮飬һֻ϶ǾӢϡ
Ŀǰ֮ĿĻλꡣ
ʷٷ΢תһСȦ˲λ¶Ľֹ»ҰûʲôвԣĸʾԻͨ˶ɻ⣬֮ڻѧǡ
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ʷٷһŲȱһֻ棬ЩŸոðȻλתĶûʲôֵɱҲ޷꾧ʯ֮ڻɫֵķΧƺһ㣬ʷٷҲŸոתһȦͷһЩɫ̦޺ֲֻܹħѪǻֶ
ƺ⸽һħ֮



102 ˢԹ
Ӧ⸽
ʷٷüͷɢԼĸ֪֮Ļ⣬кܶطиֵһ̶ȸ֪
Щʱû鱨Կ϶ǰ֮

֮û취Ҳûа취ãǵԺ֣Ķ
࣡
һ˿춯ǰ
ʷٷҿ1ŵɨܿԺиһѪ֯ɵľ޴ǻ壬ռԼʮƽңǻһЩŤĻ壬һεû۾ͣнţ帲ճҺĳªǺܶħĳʼ̬ڻѪ⾫ᷢͻ䡣ΪʲôЩγ֣ܴΪǵ
һոյõķ֮
аǶԪڲٿѪ⾫ĶмңƺǵkǵһֱܣԶԸаɱûõġ
Ҫ߷ӡǵꡣ
⸽ʷٷûݻٵֻ֮Ҫ֮ûбôЩɵkܳħͲ
ħݻ֮һǰķ֮
ԵȽķʶ壬ôʷٷǰѪⸯߡ
Ǹаˡ
֮Զħ￿ʷٷѾֻ֪ħۣл޹ֺħεЩħﶼµı仯ħѾתΪһְӰ̬ͺİɫճҺ塣ħ̬е֣ʲôԣ棬ʼһһ䶯ĶĹ
޷Ļħʹһ̶ʱըѣȻħͳˡ
1š
ɨ踽ĵͼˢԹȽϺáʷٷҷԸ
ˢԹ϶ǲܷڷ֮Աߡ
̼֮ı죬ܿһðħǱһľ룬Щڷ֮ǻħһһ
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ʼݷͼУ
Ÿĵͼ¶ʷٷҿʼѰҺʵλá
񲻴
΢еտˡʷٷҺܿҵһλã⸽ܿտһڵĶûС
Ѳסʷٷҡ
ֱóһӣʩչ˻ʯΪķŽտʼƬĵΡǰʱ䣬һٶ׵ϿȵشͳˡʷٷǰһڣȻ߸ߵͱڣϿѽʷٷҸڿˣռԼǧƽ׵ӡ
ǵҡ
ʷٷ̿κ㿪ʼңɢװòֱӷڵرӰķΧʵ̫ˡ㲻ħʵ̫࣬ˢԹûʼͻᱻħƽƵ
ڵʮ״һռ䣬ֲʦĴš
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һ׹⸡ǰһħֱӱ͵֮ڡ
ȥǱߵʯȫҰᵽǱȥ
ʷٷҼִͣһİ׹⣬һħҲ͵
ħܵ൱ħܰص壬ħܰһְҡʷٷҲûиЩħܼضĲڹϵЧҪʦǱߵĵһ㡣
ˣ
𣿡
һܲһͷĴϳڴͷС
ŮʶȺžԵƿԽԼҰ֪滻κȺĵλϡ˿̣ʶѾͷϣֻ뿪ϵԷʶŻ»ƿȨ
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ʷٷҴһָߵĶʮħ̿ʼæµҪĹʷٷɣҪˢԹĽṹȻսǳ
ˢԹսʽΪⲫǿĵˣͱʷٷҵıѡƻ
塣
󲿷ַ嶼ظãǱ벼ԹڵҪΪ෨ɱ෨塣
ԺˢԹתЧٿӱװ

ˣսָ
ʷٷ߻ڲԹڣħսָѾˡ
ŸħսָħֹͣеĹǵۿĺ⣬̤ųصĲ˹ȥ
һͷ޹ֳǰ
ֳªħߴңŸǷʺ֬Ķӣ΢ݣûбӣɫĳף۾һֻֻȣѪȫϸܵķݣǵĹλĹǴ̣λħôᱣһǰĲʶ޹᳢Ѱ˿ŵľһصľ
ƺǻбߵĶˡ



103 ˢԹ
䣡
һ촫
Զħħܷ˵һεļײصľХħϣֱӽʵصһ顣һħļ粿һ˲ͻٵħһ첲ħжʱЩ㲻ָħӵжߵڸǿȵսħܵʧҲСԱߵĸħѾΪħܵмսλֱӱһȭ˹ȥǳͺǾ˱һ£޹ӴֱӾһǿֲľˡ
ħκζսãôһͷ׳ڵĺ൱
սĽһӾͺˡ
һȺس700ħһس5000ĸħѸΧȥǱһȭֱӽ޹ҵѪģ
ˡ
ȥռѪ⾫ɡ
ʷٷҿһ۱ͷĹħսȼ14ңȻûмضսװʷٷյսɡֵĻħʵսǸһսײģߣҲףһĵͽ׷ЧȱǶԿʴЧȽϲͬʱ繥ֻЧĹֶξûʲôġ
Ϊڲʹõǻ֮ˣԻ˺ӣпָһ
ܿ졣
һЩϱ˹ЩĿǰ֫ǰĻ޹֣вɼһЩİɫѪ֯
Ѫ⾫
һŨѪ֮ʣֻͨаϳ֣ӵкܶá
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ŸոռЩѪ⾫ŮȲϽҲܿ췢ɱ䣬ЩѪ⾫Լӿ巢ٶȣŮʵĳ̬
ʷٷҲûֹһС
ҪŮ御ľĹȻҪһô
ħ꾧ʯļʲܸߣͷ޹ֲûе꾧ʯʷٷһ㶼żΪ̬֮ĵǷǳġ
ʷٷ´ָ
˵꣬ʾǸ˵ħ߹ʷٷȥ˿ħֱѾ챨ˣ޹ֵһ¹治ᡣ
תͷŴϵùϳ޸Ĵˡ
áŮ
ܿ졣
ͷϱۼǵĴ븡΢ܲǰ֫ħĲճȥһ΢ķ⸡֣ħҪϵֱ۱ָƺѾ޸ˡͷϵľеήңЩͽܺСҪʩ޸һֻܹʹһΡ
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ֻһͷ޹֣ħһ࣬ħܵʧͻߺܶࡣʷٷҵ
ŮϺʹҲԼս
ЩħȻǿ󣡿ʵ̫ˣ
ϳ˴λĹװ壬еħȶȽϵͣûͨԴǾ޴κһħܶӵкǿѹƣʱԵġԣ϶ӵнӽ˶Ա̶ȣԴר츳СܡһָҪѵԶյսɡ
ֻҪʧȥŮʺϺĿƣͽ˲ͻҡ
ǳֵʱ򡣡ʷٷ̧ͷ˿յ
ˢԹĸһֱڶ죬ʱżħεǺܿͱħܸˡ
ʱ֡
ʷٷվһǰĸǽˡ
Ϊ󲿷ħ̱Ƚϵ̫ͣӵĵλᵼһ·ƽƣҲǼʲôʲôˢԹص㶼ڷĲϡ
ʷٷ׼ķС籩ǿᷨ򡢽硢һָȵȡ
οĺɰѪһΣ˵ĵʩϣõħʯٶöЩûʹõĻǿ»յģþǷֹ̫̫ǿĵħ޷Կ

ʷٷҰԼһɫװõˢԹĵ£һ΢ķɢԲڵħﶼе궯
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дһЩ춯ʷٷҲŸո̧ͷһ㲻ɰ⣡Щħۺħˣ
һЩ޴״˹
ǱƽٶȺܿ죬ֱ˵ֱԹ롣
ħܻһܴı׶ˣǾǺܶħܶǶԵزԿյģʷٷҲûиǼԶֶ̹Ρ



104 ˢԹģ
˱ƽٶȺܿ졣
1ŵɨ跶Χڣһɺħۣħۺһħ۳˸
ЩħѶԸΪ߹пܴЧħ۷ҪöԸһ㣬ħ۵սġħκεļЧûйеֶΣһĻӣΪЩ׶ʷٷҲһֱûнˢԹ
׼սɡʷٷһ
1ŵɨ跶ΧڣѸٱƽħ⣬ħ𽥿Ŀһħ
Ĺܶడ
żˢֻ5%ЧʱôණʷٷҰԵ
ˢֻԭħķЧǿ϶ܵģΪ׾Ͱٵˡ£ˢһתЧֻά10%ңҲһΧڣпħͻᱻȵħƵʽ͵һ̶ȣʷٷҲŻһˢֻתЧʡ
õġŮ
Ϻܿı¾ۼϺĳʼ̬ӵԶǿܡ
Ϊķƣȫĸϵᡣ
κг棬Զǵλʵǿģĸϵڳ֡
츳ūܣһ֧ڶ֧ǰ߿ԶħЧӦͨ类֣֮ϹаĻħģ֧ǵĳɹʻǺܵ͵ġ
һϴſܿ˼롣
֮⣬ϻӵвٵܷ൱ʽĻʦһӵ츳෨ܣ˵˼롢򡢹ﶨȵȵӵ150׵ӦȻȲϺ50ӦѾǻˡ
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׼ԶͶ
ڴϵ£ȡЯĶ̱ǹմԼ̵ĶҺ󣬳űƽħͶ˳ȥ
һֵĴҲܽսǵȱϻҪ󣬽ļӳ֣Ͷȥıǹ̺Զǰħ˲Ͳǹֻħ۷еٶһҡҡλοҪϵĶЧǿ󣬲˺ήĿԡ
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ԽԽͷĴ븡΢ܹԣʩٶȺܿ죬գۼȹ߼
ɺħ۲ŸոһߣתԼ㱻˸ˡ
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ЩϵսЩħˡʷٷصͷ
ΪϺľӢϣǵԶ壬ʩܽսָӸĵͽ岿ӡ
ħܡ
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ŵħʷٷҴħҲս״̬ͷӴħа׸ߣӴ滹δĹ͸ɫƤܿǺӦǱɵӰ֡
ֹӰľһħȵĺòϡ
սʷٷҶûвֵĴ㣬ΪˢԹԺҪתģ־ûκˡ
䣡
ųƵľ죬ħӴͻȻѿŸͽСħѳϵǶҺ塣һЩŤѪҲӿ˹ЩеɥʬͽʬĽ壬Ѫ߻ĵͽħ
֨
һҽһϱħУ˲䴥˼Чֱӵ
ڴϵķӦٶȺܿ죬һ̱㼯شħۣħҲǺܶ࣬ƴһûжħˡ
׼ƣ
һƺǱɺħ۸ˣѸٺٻĹϣȻֻ߰ΧסһЩճҺ絽˿ϣ΢ܹԣϵۿɼٶȻָ
ȻͼսλǷӳЧǺǿ
ָֻƵĴϺܿ¼սеħֻʣֻ༸ӾͿԽս
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ʷٷüͷ˿ǰ棬Ⲩӿħʮֻħ˵ĿǰѾ𣬸ħ΢ĴˣȻڿԺԲƵٳɶ໹ǻʧ塣ĿǰˢԹĹҲǶʮֻս궼ȫ޸ˡ
رˢֻ
ʷٷҹϹرˢֻҪάҪϡ
ŮƺҲ⣬ھϳĹϡ
ʷٷ΢΢ͷų˼ֵƵʱ뽵һ㡣һħ񱻳״˾Ͳ޸ˡϧûнʯħҪнʯħĻϾͲõͽħˡ
˵߽׹װʷٷҲûһڹŴżõħĿǰͱڲֿ档
ܴܺ󣬲ʺϰֵط
ʷٷҵĴǸһħߵĳȻʦΪػߡ



105 ˢԹ壩

һѪ屻ħ˺飬ʷٷҵǰѾûκħټˡ
սƷ
ʷٷе۵ؿ˿ħܵˣʼԶָ޸𻵵֫塣ǹȥħʧ۾գһ£ǸʱϾճΪܼҴҵһ㲻ںͷϵʱɲǺܶ˷ѡ
޸װ塣
ŷ⣬ʷٷҽǰħһһ޸á
ܿ졣
ѾսƷͳƳˡ
εĻѪ⾫һʮ飬ħ۵ǿƷߣĴҲȺֻˡ꾧ʯĿҪ΢һ㣬һǰ˿꾧ʯһħģһɫеǵĴ꾧ʯ
ħںϣ꾧ʯ
꾧ʯϿԺԵƽʱճʩеĶö꾧ʯе˼
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ħܶණö꾧ʯǵԭǲ꣬ȻƷϿܱĴ꾧ʯҪһ㣬еҲԣǾܴ
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߽ħʹõǴ漶꾧ʯΪģʷٷĿǰһ鶼ûС
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֮ڵӰƵӣûпˢֻΪɢҲ˺üֻЩεǿԼȡ֮ŤӰΪλɢǰɱɵľֹ



106 ˢԹ
賿ʱ֡
ʷٷҽ˵εĲԣεĲԽе⣬սһֻϱֻ
һεĸǿսеƣ룬ʷٷҺŮ嶼ûг֣ȫ̶ħܸԵսпʼˡϿȷܹ֮Ƶʸߣеħﶼб΢ǿļʱ׽񱩵״̬꾧ʯѪ⾫伸ƺҲ΢賿ʱֵĹȻһö꾧ʯħϲɼѪ⾫ƷҲеϡ
ȫ쿪ˢһǲˡʷٷҵ
Ȼ̳˳ȺԣϾҲҲƣ룬ħûʹҲηսչˡ
ĿǰƵʣһҲͿҡʷٷҰԵ
ھܽ͵͵£ˢԹÿԻ10-15öҵ꾧ʯԼ5-8ҵѪ⾫ҪһˢԹЧʣôսͱˡ
ˡ
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Լɱµ̬ʷٷȴô롣
һѿƵ壬ʵһĻǵҰģȺǳԺԵʷٷҲŮٶȳԼƿأȫľŮ
ʷٷҡҡͷ
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ħҲ޵ģɱ̫ܻһȰռƻвһ£¸Ӹħ
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ÿջôĻһ»Ҳв٣ʷٷ¸¾һٶħҪǿǰħų͵ĻʷٷҲԳһ°Ѹ͵֮һս
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ĿʷٷѾкüѡ֮̽Ĺб㷢˲ħ̾ĵط
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ŴͷĹԣһֻĴߵӴӽӽ࣬ͷĴҲǰ֫Ѿɺֱָۣܹͷɸӵʩ
ĸ߽սλ߿ʩչܷй
ΪϺôʩչΧܷ籩
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107 һ죨һ
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109 һ죨
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121 Ϲаߣ
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ʷٷҲܳնϵkԾ꽫ɱ
ͨӵԵаȡһξɱˡ
ϹаﱾϺ⣬ʷٷҲҪ׼ܾòܰ쵽⻹ǱȽϹаҪǸǿϹаҪȡʮΣΪϵԽɱԽѡ


122 Ϲаˣ
ԵձڶԪڡ
ԴԶ浮ʼԱɢϣնħϹаﵽ̩̹ˣԪڻԾﶼӵǿԵĴڡǸʱձڵֻԶʱڵж١
ʱˡ
ܶµ鶼ǡΪ񡯣kǸΣɷ˽ΪЩҪȹһ㣬ĿȴҪ߳ܶࡣһЩеٮٮߣͨɱ¾Ӷ
ʱԪѾϢ˺ܾãӵԵȼ٣ͨʼӡ
ǡ
˵ڶݱʱڣʱڶԪѾԲͬ岻ͬٮٮעΪٵһֻľˡȻǸʱںܶˡԴ衿ӶǸʱߺѡа˼еǻ飬аͳͳУǹʱȵķɢˡ
ĵڶݱʱڣٵҲͼܺʼӣȵʶԾֹͣʱѾԪ˼ƻ
ʱݱ䵽ڡ
ѾԶԶûйȥô࣬ʦҪоҲԶûйȥô㡣
ʦڡ
ʷٷڤ밲ԼڳȡϹаһֱһƻɪʱĻȡԵѡĿ϶ϹаֹǸʱԶޡаͼ֮飬̫̫滻Ŀꡣ
Ħ̩ϣʷٷĿǰȷֻ֣һһϹа
ҹȥоߵܹȡߴΡ
ôkֵӦ7ҡ
ʷٷͷվ૵һ֮ǷܳϹаߵֵܶˡô֮ϵֵж٣
²Ѿܶˣ
ʷٷһԳȡ޾1ֵϳȡ˴ŶʮңȻûܳɾǸʷٷҲɹЩЩɫ
֮£ʦԾϾֻд1.5ҵֵ
ԵԴϵ
һ巽ģʷٷǵõĵһֵԼڵġ֮塿ڶϵʷٷҵʮδϳȡʱõʷٷҽݱΪԷԼϣԴ˷ӡԼȫԤ෨ԼЧ
ĿǰоС
Ͼ˶ԵԶԶûô͸ʷٷҲ˺ܶŻЩ֪ʶ
⻹ȥȽţƣͨʦӵԵҲ֪ô˵ʹԵԼˡעʷٷСŮŮעһֵ
оʷٷĿǰļ޾ǰ
ʱĹŴʦǴɪʱĳѧۣôӦûһЩʷٷҲ֪֪ʶ
ϾЩ񶯹֡
ʷٷҸɵϹаЩ½ͽŵˣʱȻһǵϢûСЩаͽҲֹͣϮ޻ˣǺ񳹵ʧǱʷٷҲܶЩаͽ׷ᣬҪ̫ˣⷽҪǽèŮΪȷŮ͵İȫʷٷԶָһЩ߽ħƷЩаͽȻѾܹӵ֮ٻаôҲһǱڵв
ʱһһȥ
ʷٷҼԼڸճǵĸƻŮڻ˶ĳʬæµϳڲĹÿ춼һЩֵĶ
ЩĳӶŮɱˡ
Ļ˵ЩǲϸĲƷ
ҪǶϣһڡԳ桯壬ȺļϺ࣬ǿ֧ǡ
º
ʷٷ׼廷ΪʱѧԺǰ٤޴½ˡ
ŲѾʼѰҺϸĴˣڵ֪ʷٷҿܽʦǨƵĴ½λŮ˺ܾջǾߵĵλһ뿪еһжʷٷҴģֻһʧȥɷĿѸһ˵ĹȴôûʷٷҵİЩ̰ĹԸĨˡʷٷҪ뿪ʦˣԺڱĻ϶ûô˳ֽ˸ʷٷȥ硣
ΪѾǺԶԶĵطˣ֪Լֻıɽһǡ
ǵġ
뷨ǡôȥ


123 ѣһ
£Ͽȡ
ľʱc̴פصľǰϿ֧ԮһµʱħϮƵͻȻʼӣԭÿһӵ˼һΣħϮǿԽԽߣȥδĳ忪ʼƵ֡ȻϿȵķѾȿʼһ࣬ģħϮʱǲò쾯ӳطԮ
ãǹȥˣ
cŸոյϿȱ㲻ɫ䣬һȥ֧ԮϿڣһӸһɨħ
䡣
ͻȻһضɽҡ漴ĿɿڴıУϿڵĵϺȻ¡һСɽƬʯɽɽһ밼ȥһͷľ޴ӳ˵ڡǵ൱Ӵ󣬹ֱнӽʮףǳɫħ㿪ʼӵӿֳһʱĵҲ֪ж١
س棡Сģ
Զĳεߵľŵ±ͻȻһֱһҵĺɫ룬˲סһά˿սʿάǾ˵Ҳ޷ֻܲҽԼűһһ顣
֮ǵĸ룡
һƬƬľ
سͨħӵӿֶʮ趯аﴥֹŸκλһĹҪڱʧء
⻹Σյģ
˸еħȻˣһѷسϿɽӿ˹ȥ·Ҫǰ赲ȺֱӹϿڵİ
ãҪʯˣסǣ
Աߵĸ߽ɮһ󸽽˶ʼۼǴ˿̽ħʵ̫ˡƹϿȵıͷħӴħڲϵسߣͬʱҲΪٵħ۴֧Ԯӵǰֻܹ취ʱ䡣
һǿ׳ޱȵάսʿħķµأǼһ±ʧȥκλŵĿܣΪĿʮ౶ħѸٽǵӰûسڳͨɻڲϵӿӣ޾һ㣬֪˻жٵĺ󱸱ͨʵ̫СЩħһӽϿȶ
¡¡
ħͻϿȵİ񸽽ʱͻȻ׳ޱȵĴ֣Ĵ֣һǿаǰֵЩֻϹаĴ롣ЩϹаﴥֵĳ֣һɸӿϢȾɢһƬİɫ
ֹǣЩҪ˯İ񣡡
ʵаֲûз¾ܵսʿ㿪ʼ죬һӱгٶ׳ϹаǿѪ⾫ĸ֣ЩѸٱẒֱֵ́ǰ˯еɽˣȻ˳ŵkĽ㲿λһ·ȥ
ˣcĵǰ
Ͽȵİǡʯһλǿޱȵɽˣk˶ڵϣϵҲнٶ׸ߣȫվĻ߶ȿ»ᳬϡЩ֮ǵĴڱǲŵkĽһ·죬Ĺдֻڲϵһϴ˰ɽ˵ϣȻۿɼٶȿЩڰӵİɫ֮ۡ
ڸʴԮΪʲôûйһɮޱȵ
ĸϿ档
ʵϿȵķǿΪаɽ˵ԵʣϿԴﵽطϣһʺϽսְҵ߶ʵĵط鷨һλǿİ񼶴ػΪʱ̫kǴӰ֮㿪ʼ˳˯С
䣡
һƬǽ޷ħ񳱵ĳڳƵľ𽥱ԽԽĹӿ˽ħҲһӵǧֻ¾ѾϿ˿ڵʮϡ
ãزסˣ
ǰܹĵطȫӿħʱ˿жɸеһ˿
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͵ΪԼʱϿȶ΢һ¡
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ˡ
һǿķ˲Ͽȡ
Ⱥɽ֮ģ
ɽһ̤ϸܼĵشէ֣Щشرܿеֱ࣬ӽǧħ̴˰С
һ޴Ѻ۸֡
ĵͻȻĺɳ㣬׵ĵѿֱӽƵħûξҵ޷ֱʧ˺ڰĵѷС
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ޱȵ𶯣ЩسڳĿӵȫ˲ݣ޾ӿħͻȻǿжϣŵħʹĲҽ
ųһӡ
Ͽȵرн𣬿ǵҲûӿκһֻħ
ħȫ
Ǵ֮ӣ
ɽͷţ̧صֱ۳һץϿڵʼŤ㿴ǧƵħ۶ʼʧȥƽ⣬Ǻһʧȥ˸շеܣֱӴǧ׵ĸ߿з׹䣬һǰص˼Ӳĵϡ
׹ٶȷǳ죬·ǿһȥеħ۶Ը׹ҳ
ձȫҲκηеĻ
ħ۴ȫ
սĹ̻ӵʱ䣬ϿڹħѾɨһգɽ˽һֱ˳ʮϵħƾһ֮Ťתսֵ
һƬ
ħˮȥ˷ٺĻϿڼеĸְ߽ҵߴ˿̶Ǳأ·ʲôܲõ鷢ˡ
⣡ɽ˱ǰˣŮc૵


124 ѣ
Ⱥɽ֮ġ
Ǵ֮ӡ
ɽǿֲķϿŤҲ𽥻ָk˿ƺǸеǳƣ룬ڵͷһ˺󣬱¶ȥһΡɽ鷨ػҴλҲΪеkǵİܶɹޱȵİ֮ꡣ
ڰ֮ĴսУλ񼶴ڶѾ̫
kΨһܹԿ֮ǵԶ飬ǳսkǲûȡʤλҲ鷨شһ֮ǣȡʮʱ䡣ڿƺ֮ѾָϹаԽǿ
Щ֮ۻڣһǳɫѧ߻ռǵü
ǰ׶ࡤߵ׷ߣĴ³ͬһλѧʶԨĳߣڲٵѧ߶ǳ¡Щ³µѧĻռǷһССĸı䣬һСڰɫѪΪϹаϮԽƵҲûжȥע⵽ǻռϵ΢Ķ
ɫĸ֮ɲɽ˵ϡ
ƣޱȵİѾٶ˯鷨άֵĸԵkǵϣϱ֮Ѿﳹʴˡ
ȥ֪ͨߴˣ
ȥ￴Ϊʲôε֧Ԯôѧߵıƺһ˿벻
cһվɽ˽¡
Щɫĸ֮ƺӵļܽǳĻЩ֮ۻصĴˡ
ǰħʬ塣
Ҵ˿ʼɨս˶ܰ·ٶȾѽ˯еİ
һӺ
׶ࡤߵӰϿڣüͷɽǿµĸۣ֮֮Ƕ﷢һκܴģϮϿȣطҲܵ˲̶ͬȵϮ
kĿӦǡʯˡ
λɽ˵Ϊǿ
kȺɽ֮ģҲǴ֮ӣŴķڰ֮Ҳǵk˺֮ǵ壬Ϲаﲻò볤ʮĳ˯ڡ
ķӦٶ̫ˡ
Ӧ뵽ϹаĿʯˣǵһӦȻǼЩܵļһҲ鷨󱻹ƣıٶʲôأߵһѧΪ
׶ࡤ߲û˵
ѾȨ֮⣬ڻħϮȻѸٸϹ֧Ԯվһ
Ѿǰˡ
ڱֹߵ£ɽ˿Ҫʱָܻȫ
ǵʱ䲻ˡ׶ࡤ૵
תһˣԸټ׼СȻʽ
ҪѾɵ˸ϹЭ
ϹаϮ̫ͻȻˡ
ħҲǳӴ֮Ƿ˺ܶδħ棬Щ;޴س棬ƺܴκνβǲ֧ԮǸӵħƻ鷨ĺľ񶼼ػġͨѧ߿϶֪ЩҲûи绤뷨ΪĻҲܹЩԿˡ
ȥ취ϵʷٷҸ¡
Ԥ֮ǺܿᷢһεϮǿҪİ׶ࡤעǰŮc
šھȥcͷܿ쳯ȥ
Ҫڡ
cͼͷϵĵ꣬ϵʷٷңǲ֪Ϊʲô͵ûκεķӦ
ʷٷҸȥˣŮcе㲻૵
Ħ̩ں
ʷٷٶȴӱ廷ʱѾ뿪аµʱ䡣
ѧԺı仯Ǻܴ
ʷٷһоѧԺڵĵ綼ѾΪһ壬ռ̨ʦѾӹŴżڵͼȡͻԽչ廷ķѾеԭʼˡѧԺյԴ൱ḻֻҪƽ˹Ŵʦ֪ʶô׾ͿԴճĲϡ
ʷٷҵʦ
ʷٷҵʦ
ڽѧԺڲпʷٷҵʦѧͽ΢΢ʽĻʦЩ˶Ϲʷٷҿγ̵ѧ
Ȼʷٷҽ廷ʱ䲢ܳѧԺڵĵλѾͬա
֮һĻʦÿͿƺһʦ
ʷٷޱ΢΢ͷʾ⣬һ·ֲ԰ȥ廷Ŀγ̰ţԺ¸Ļʦѧݳƺ
ֲ԰
ʷٷҸոջصŵһĻζ
ʷٷңˣ
һöĻһСӰ˹ֱϸֱ۱Ĳӹϡ
٣һ㣡ʷٷұ龪ȵ


125 ԶУһ
ǰǰ
ĻСŮŮٵɿֱʷٷҷһȦڵѾʮףҪСŮ߳һأģûʲô̫ı仯СŮǶȻ֮飬ܵȻף;˵飬һŮ㣬ֵ
Ȼͨ˵ĿǻǾΪӡ
ŮĸıĳǱİ͸϶һЩɫ·ֳһ˿ɫ·ĹתŨȻϢΪոսԵʣ̫ܹյġֲʱʱһ˿й¶
ʷٷ̧ͷȥ
Ȼ
ֲ԰ڶѾǱ˻ĺһƬпԿСŮϷˣȻǵŮѾôЩСŮȻָֻ˺Ӱİԡ
ٺ㣡
СŮŮӯʷٷҵļϣһ˫۵СǰεţСյĲǵز˲䣬ڳ˯ʱ򾭳εأ
ʷٷԲݸһЦ̧һָ˹Сñٵ²ͣЦ
ñٵǰĹؼʷٷҴ͸һ֮һ̥ǽСŮѧǻɴȻСȻʵԶԶȲˮҲкܶȽһǴ˵ǿԸ˴ˡ޷ӵеģΪʵ̫СԪڵĻѾϡˡ
ɪʱСŮɱȡŮҴСŮǶڴȻ
ŮױӻЩСŮ±ŮҲͬĺǶĳƬɭεĵطʷٷҴ͸Ůһ˿˱ϵԵĸıˡ򡿵
ֲ򲢲Ǻǿս򣬵ӵдȻ˵Ļ˵Լǵս
󣡡
ˣʰһ£Ǻͳˡ
Ů׵ӰڲԶΪʵصһʷٷңģ·ǱİߵСŮ׾ͺ֪ȥҲҰæ
ԼԼѾˣԼֻһ߽Ůס
ƤƤоûӡ
رڿ죬ͱһ׼ͻƴ澳硣Ȼʱ廷ʧСźؾ͹ŴżĿѧԺյԴҲȹȥ࣬½ʦȥһ࣬ʦҲв˳ɹά˶ʦѾȹ˴澳磬ݶŮ׻Ѿ˴棬ֻΪǺʦƽʱȽϵ͵һֱŲٵʵ
ʵϡ
廷ȽϿĵطҲ޷һʦ˳ΪԪسصϯʦݶŮչ¶ʵҲ޷ȡά˶ʦĵλ
ֲ԰ռ̨ʦٶȳ궼ǵβȵĵһ͵ڶûʲô̫ı仯ôεսʧĻԪسʵսʦ·ӵʦ䲻٣Ļ϶ǾԪسӿ˲ٵʵսǿˣдԵǸոսʦ
˫̥վŮ׵Цѡ
ʷٷ߹΢΢ȹһŮþòʷٷҡ
ֲ԰ڵģ䡣
Ϊٵ³˯ʱй¶Ȼֲ֮԰˻ĺ󣬻ܿĶˣ·ߵҰݶؿһɫС
ʦ
ʦ
ʷٷҵʱĹѧͽǶѾǱߵȺ
ŸҲƤƤһδսѾһλʦѧͽˡ
šʷٷ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
Ůһ·߽ϹϷ棬ռ̨ǱߵķͧѾϣĿǰʱԱҪά˶ʦݶŮסŮסäŮ׻Առ̨оߣԼʷٷұˡ
Ĺģжʮˡ
ѧԺʱֲ԰ϯŮסܽƺָ˲٣ĿǰѾƾӵռ̨ĸڡ
ʦҲһȥ
ǰһ½ôٲһʦӣ廷ܹѡز࣬ռ̨˽̫Ŀǰûд棬ԶҪôά˶ʦӣҪôֲֻ԰ϯŮ״ӡ
ܽŮ׵״̬϶ʺϳ;棬廷
ʱúܿ졣
ʦڵʱ뷵ѧԺͬеĻλħˣڸʷٷղ΢΢ͷʾ⣬һͬǰռ̨ĸһҸոսϵĸշͧƮռ̨Ͽգܶʦѧͽ
˶ˡ
Ǿ׼ɣά˶ʦһɨ


126 ԶУ
£Ͽȡ
뾣һռܴķЩȫǻģڰ׶ࡤߵķ棬һһ˳ɽӴӡ˾վڷ룬ϴ˿ģ仯ܴԵ÷ǳƣɫܲΪַʱʵ̫ˣ嶼뾣
ߴˣ
֮ɢ̫ˣǸû취ȫһѧ߽
ʱԱǸѧһ£е㵣ǵ˴ߵǰ߲Ѫ˿˫ۣе㵣ǵˣѾûϢˣҪҪǡ
׶ࡤֱ̧ͷѧߵĻû¡һŵס
Ĵְҵ
յܹľϣеֲﶼǵĲٿطΧڣֲǵܹٿֲΪĵķʵ̫ˣ׶ࡤߴ˿̿еǿҪ͵ƿݽߣֲڵƤƸѵƤŨܵĺҲ˶ѾѾСѧǲ֪һ㣬Щ곤ѧ߶ѾԼĵʦҪﵽޣôȥ𺦵ʦ״
Ǵˡ㡭ѧֹ
׶ࡤעҡͷ漴λ³±۾Լĸ֪˵¡
·ĳ־ϡ
ߵĸһŴѪ˿ĹâлӵľʼѸǽ˵Ѹҵ˵Ӵޱȵħʬѡ
һѪɫľ˽ȥ
һ̣㿴ǰħʬѸٸɺȥħʬеֶѪȡܿͨĳתһ˿˿˳Ѫ˰׶ࡤߵڡ
һ˿аϢĿ񱩷ոս밢׶ࡤߵڣ֪ԼѾܵһ˿
λԼǿľѹ˿аϢ۾ٿŸѪ˵µħʬڡ
ȷʵѾ͵ƿݽˡ
Ϊ³ķ󣬰׶ࡤߵѾĴֹͣʽΪ֮˰ڣôǳǳأԲ顣ֲкܶ;Ϊһλߣ׶ʼӴѪʱֲܵӵһһֱҡ˼Ƿʹֿа
ʹˡ
ڵµһѪħʬڣѪֱȡգһ˿˿Ҳ˳Ѫӿ밢׶ࡤߵ壬ܿĵѾָ֮һ
ҲȾ壬ħ︯ĸԴѾעǡ
ЩͬʱԿʴ
ϵ̹⣬ڻ˳ķֺ֧ǿʼѸȡ֮۵ϢϿɽϵĸ֮ҲԽԽС
׶ࡤߵ𽥺
һӻָѪ˿ŲԱߵѧ߿ɻ󣬵Ϊʦָˡ
ѪԽԽࡣ
һ֮ʱ׶ࡤ߲վ˿̵ɫǳǳã׳ʱڵԼԶȺɫĺѾ͸һ˿ĺɫͫҲһ˿Ĺ
׶ࡤһ֣е뾣ʼԶǻֽɢֻһСڡ
ߴˣ
ǳɹˣѾûˣѧ߻š
׶ࡤ΢Ц߲Զƺһ˿ǡ
߰ɡתȥԤ֮һϮܿ٣һȹȥκһζҪ񡣡
Ҫ黹кܶࡣ
һų۵ѧ߸ڰ׶ࡤߵǸפصɮܿʧڴͷڡ
Ħ̩ѧԺռ̨
ʷٷҵȫ︡շͧռ̨ʦ̱㿪ʼæµ
շͧѾԷйüΣǷٶȻǷûκ⡣ʦѧͽĿУշͧźںλ÷ȥռ̨ʦڸͧĹм˺ܶװʷٷҵĹٶܹﵽ180ÿСʱҡΪԴӦװõĲ죬շͧĿǰʹõܣҪʦע뷨ͷħʯȡķѵĴۿ϶Ҫ߳һء
ܿ졣
һ˵ڱĺߣҪںΧˡ



127 ԶУ
ںƶ֮ء
εԶϷǰ٤޴½λĦ̩вܹŵǰ壬Ϊ涼ǻ½ںƶ֮ضе㲻̫һ
˵һĴ½еǵϵİ޴½
շͧϡ
äŮ׻ĳԱ廷˽٤޴½Ļ½ĿڶĶڵԲҳҰĶ٤޴½Ķռݵ˽ӽʮ֮һҲʮһǴģ٤޴½ǻж˶ĶؿԡȻ٤޴½ĻȽȣҲҪ߱仯ң绹յпܱꡣ
½ױܼ
ô˵ɡ
٤޴½Ϊɵױ½ʮϣʱֵشðҪСıˡ
٤޴½ϵʦ׼һ翹װҪҰ⻷ʩʱп硣
ȻҲеط
Ҫ٤޴½ĲʦеĻûǴ㿹װΪɢֻе롣½ͬǹŴʦĻԾĺܶ඼ǹŴʦżɵġ
٤޴½ʦǸ廷е㲻һ
ںʦҪ廷ԪزࡢѪࣩʦħࡢࣩʦΪǰƽȽϻԾһ㣬ѧɵʦƽٳţʷٷҲû٤޴½ʦҪԱϵ䷨ϵԤϵΪ½ϲûжٵĺʦڱϵ䷨ϵʦ涼кʦӰӣΪ٤޴½ʦܹγΪǿħ̬
ʷٷҵжϣӦǸŴʦϲйϵ
ں٤޴½̳еĹŴʦ֪ʶǲȱģ˫ֻһ֣Ҿʱݻڵϵ
ʷٷҸоеɵǣ٤޴½ʦƺΪĵ䷨ϵǰˡ䡿͡׶Ҳ˵в˻һЩĹ취
ʷٷҸǺ׶ѧɵġ
ݱ䵽ڣԭİ˴ѧѾ˺֧ܶѧɣʦǽоĸ͸ϸ˵һѧɡѧɡ
˵ĻǺںȽϻԾĺʦײҲݶһ㡣
٤޴½˶ܼɵߵĺʦ
ΪЩ٤޴½ʦǿںߵʦЩǻᡮԡħġ
ڵɵĹ͸йʱ˿Ұ˲࣬˵äŮ׻˾ʹδʦ֯ӴΨһܹѡĿֻ廷ʦܹȡʦѪΪõǸеһ˿־塣
˺ںŻᱻƺΪڴ½
һ
ǲǧ๫ˡŮеĵʷٷҵߡ
շͧÿСʱһٹҵٶǰѾɳ˴½ķΧڣǰһƬããĴ󺣣һȥҲʲôܶ˶Ѿĵطشڡ
ʷٷһڼװϡ
Ϊ1Ҫɨ¼Ϲаߵ1ŵѾָ˲٣ʷٷ׼¼ǰ½ĺꡣңڼڵ仯Ħ̩е⣬Զ봫ͻԶܵţǺڵ

δ֪Ŀ֣޷ɨ裡
һ޴ޱȵĺ㸡֣װϺܿҲռ̨ʦʾ
ܿ졣
ʦϵ˼װϣǰĺϽһĿĵ졣
Ҫ嶯
ǡε޾Զ飡ºֻͣҪǲǵkͿˡäŮ׻ĳԱܿߡɯæ
k
ʦע⵽һĳƺ
񣿡ʦά˶̽Եʵ
ߡɯͷǵġkεڶԶŰҵĵʦڶkλԶ֮ºͣÿʮຣһȦ
ԱߵʦԲһ
ΪµǿߣԶŰӵеܹ֧ŵھΪλԶŰıӻ
ȻǸӴĺûᣬʦеϧջߡ
Ҫڶ򡣡
ߡɯ˶ܸȤܵkǹŴ֮顣ӥһݡ
ʷٷҲںش档
һ1޷ɨĿ꣬ԷӵС񡿵⣬ȼҲߵеˣعƳϹž
ڵkȷʵºͣԼ̧ͷһϵĸͧͷǱ˺ס
Զ඼Ǳ
kǲûеôƣΪkǵ׼ܰƶ׼ƶϣʱkǴ򽻵㶼֪ΪʲôܵϵЩkΪ֮ǱƵû취˲Żôơ



128 ԶУģ
¡
һͨսȼ24ңҲ˵Ҫ߽״ʦֶԿ
ǰĶԶ֮飬ڰţƵһ֣
ͺаϹ񼶣սȼ»ﵽ27ңпܻҪߡСļŭ˵kĻͧʦҲλԶŰļ¡
ʷٷΪҪŵkȽϺá
λͨռԤԣkЩӴ
ߡɯ˶ǳ棬ܵҪݷõkĻȥĹ굺kڹ굺ϢʱƢƽʱºһ㡣
굺
ʦĬĬؼ֡
޾˴˵еİ󣬲ʦΪ˷ܣܶ˶˼װϡ
ܿϧûܿʲôԶ飬ڽ೬͵ĺ֣ҪǾ޾ֵ֡֡֡ȵȣЩ͹޵أκһսȼ15+Գ˴ɹ޾һѵ顣
ͧڵ˷籩
һߴ׵ֱӾںϳͣγһ޴ˮУ൱׳ۣ
ҪǴֻϻˡ
ڸͧǰرܣռ̨ʦ뿪˷籩ķΧڡΪĦ̩ϫ仯ܴ󡣲ĵطʷٷǽڹ۲쵽ƬֵĴ½ܻƬ½һӴޱȵ֣пǹŴʦĺΪ߽һҪǡı򡿣ЩܹӰ仯עԶ
졣
ʷٷһ˿˴ƬС졣
ӥһЩײиԭʼӥϮ˸ͧγеʦʵǿЩӥûܿʧأڱɱֻʵ˻ȥˡʦӥ˵ʬȥоܲȡԶѪʷٷҵǲȤֻռһЩë
ͧѾ˳һǧ
ûܿ٤޴½Ӱӣǵг̲Ŷɹһ룬»һʱܿ½ܡ
֮7ǰվ
޵£Ż۵Ӱڻǰ
Դ֮ı仯廷طǰվÿһʱͻʦظı仯ȻϢݻѧԺڲ7ǰվոֻϣ½ԪسʦͶڶʮңȽҲҪһ¡
ᣡ
ĿĵػжԶһŶĻʦʵ
ԱΪʦһۣܽˡǰɽ͵ˡ
֮ڳ˺ܶ档
ʷٷҵƲ⣬Щ漫пܻĳʱѧԺȡ飬ڶ˼ۼı仯
ûзŨˣü
ԱߵԪسʦҲͷؼӳһСĵ㡣еŹ֡
Ԫسسʦʵսɡ
ǶΣһֱϵĸ֪ڷǰŨ˶С
֨֨
һЩֵ춯˷
Ծ
Ǻ񱻰ΧˣȳſһϣصʲôΧǣǿͨǱУ
̡
ǳϸ΢ܼĽŲгһЩĺ๷Сĳӣǵеǻ룬жѸݣżǰ֫ͷЩӵܶ࣬кֳܿǧϰֻʦŰΧм䡣
ɱȥ
̰쳣֪ѧԺλԪسصʦж൱ϣ˲㳯ϷͻΧ
䣡
Ǿ͵Ǹոжʱ˵ĽͻȻðһѪڣӴޱȵӵգۼͽʦ˽ȥһͷһһȻӵ˳Ѫɫе£ͷһƵ
ߣ
С
ǧĺ๷СĳӸ֣Ϣ˵£·ڵȴʲô˵
߳ʮ׵Ӵ֣ͷֲĹڰζǰСΧεһȦ˵£ŨٶȽƬΧ
һ
廷õߺǰվһ쳣ɳȥλԪسʦûзء
ǡ
һλʦĴ£ߺǰվ֯һѰСȥѰλʦټ֮źܶΣǲȷͬʲôĵˡ˸еǳǣ֧ʦСڳҲûκεϢ
ʱߺǰվڸеԾ
Ѹ֪ͨ廷ҽصȴѧԺ֧Ԯ



129 ԶУ壩
ƺʼˡ
ں˰ʱʷٷһǿ˴½
͵ˡ
ߡɯɫеϲãǺ캣٤޴½Ϻ෱ḻһƬҪҪץ㳢ҪСĵϺˡ
Ϻˣ
Ȼ
ߡɯĻ˵ʦʷٷҶͶĿ⡣
ӦѧֽۡɣäŮ׻𳤷ЦЦʵǾһֺԭʼҰĵͼǻӵһǻۣʹˮкǿĹʶع
ֽ۵Ĺ۵㣬κںʵ¶пܽΪǻ
ЩϺ˵ԴͷҲоĿǰұȽͬĹ۵ɹŴʦ죬ҽˡǻɡ
ơ
˵⣬ߡɯָָԼԴ͵ǵĴԽṹ̫һˡԶԶȲǻǧһֱԭʼķʽƬܡǺγ̬
٤޴½̬⡣
ԺǽӴ˾ˡЩ˵꣬ԭʼ̬
äŮ׻ԱĻƺʦĺ棬һԪسصսʦά˶ʦʾڿն漴ĺڲһЩ٤޴½ͽСȺҪ߳һڣЩ೤ǧٹ֣ܶʷٷҶûмһص㣬ǾǰԵֺ֮ܶ࣬ͨһ඼жԡ
ƬϺǳࡣ
Ļ֣һǵϺԴﵽϣȼ5+̷ʳ׹㷺к٣֫ϸ͵һֺڶǺϺͨĺĿӴޱȣ캣ɴġǺ캣ϺһֱƽϺ࣬˲ȹһôڲʺ纣ǱҲУ߲ϺڱȽʳģݵͬҲвС
ںĻҪС޳衢ȵȾͺˡǵǧҪˮĸäŮ׻ĳԱǧ
һ˼һٺʡ
ߵζУϺ൱ζۣǺкصζʹϵĻֱʡ
·ά˶ʦץһͷϺˡ
ռ̨Χź˺ܾãʦѾ׼ֽˡ
ֹ￴ǾͶ㵭ˮϺһ壬ף̫ɫޱȣС۾һգգ֧ǯ֫СȱȽϴ׳ȻԽϿٶߣˮ½ܵǻϺ˵ձܵͣҲǱѱȮһ㣬¶ݣԣĸϵᣬ壬ӵʼǧ궼ûκһֱͣԭʼ̬
ֻһȺ߽ʦΧ۵Ϻŵɪɪо綼˶⣡
Ϻȼ3ֻҪǺϸսʿսȼֻ1+һʿܵ
˵ʵ
ڳ廷ʦ˵˴㳢Ϻ˵ζͨϺʲô𣬲ǵںʦǻǽֺܺõؿסˡϾ٤޴½ʦУںʦֺϲʲôҳᡮˡĴڡ
˼ֻ
ȷʵйŴʦйʵ飬ϲǸ֡ʷٷҰԵ
һµǻﲢѡ
ʷٷҪҲܰ쵽췽۹Ҳо٣ֻҪѳƷáǻۣȷֳܾǳɹˡָױȻ̭˵ֳ˻̭еȵȡ
ЩϺ˿ԷܵڣӦǱȽϳɹ
ʷٷҿΪǳֺõ飬Ϊܶﶼȱݡ
ΪʲôڶԪڶԷɢ
ҪĲ֫壬ǸΪԽĴԽṹݻǻڴԽṹ涼Եơ
ǿǱߣһ
ʷٷ̧ͷȥҲ¶һ˿֮ɫΪںϿһƬΰޱȵĳǽϵĳǽưεضΡɽǳֶ޽ģƻȻһƴӵϳģ¾ǽŵӣһɨٹﳤ
ߡɯһǡӻ֮ǽŴʦżȫɷһǽһʮǧٹﳤ٤޴½ĺߣǿֻеһΡ
ٹȥӦþԨ޿ˣ
һֱڶû̽ĵ磬ȤĻǿȥ
ݻƵĴظ֡
ԶԿΡȺɽɳգһ޼ʵĸ̲ϿԿȺҰޣźǨѰˮԴʳײеĽݻȺǨ㣬лɫǣֺɫѸԼһЩδʳߣԶԿһڵĴӣ¾޴γɺٲкһ¡¡ľ졣
٤޴½ĵòֳһֹϡԭʼĻֺơ



130 ԶУ
Ԩ޿ڡ
ͧƬھ޴ѿڵıԵʱʷٷ֪ΪʲôԨ޿ˡ
ֱһ׵ĵ´ֱͨռʮƽвʯԼĺۼԶԶȥͺϸܵݣǵſһɭɭľ޿ҪһС
ɨ赽쳣ϣɨ޷룡
1ŷϢʷٷҲ΢΢üͷԵطйŹ֣
ͻڷͧϳԵġ
ŮƺϲԺʵģѹǳʺ纣Ͽܡ֪ŮǲǾϲһЩζĶʷٷҸоζҲͻУϺĻϲζġκοΪζ϶۸񲻷ƣʦƽԶҲ򵥵ġ
ƬƽԭǾͿ쵽ˡߡɯ
٤޴½Ƚϻ
Ƭ½ŷǳ޼ʵ˵ͧѾ˳ٹˣʷٷҾȻһĳûпȻƬ½Զںںܹкں屶ϣ˿ڷֻкں֮һ
ܵ͵ĵعϡ
ҪϲƽԭشȽ档ԱߵäŮ׻Ա͵
٤޴½ԭʼĵò
ƺصĵֺЩطܹ½ܰ𶯺Ķϲ㣬Щϲһ·쵽ӻ֮ǽƬıӻ֮ǽҲ϶ˡ٤޴½ĿҪٺܶ࣬ѸƺڻҰгȡ๷λãȺ棬ǿΪҰеʳߡ
ƺһоûѸȷʵǿҲӦһ֡
٤޴½ʷǰΪݻǱȽϳҰʳߣţʼʯצ޵ȵȣߵ̬ƺǰѺ̭ܶˡ
һ
Զĳʱߡɯɫվ˸ͧǰΣԺǵˣ
٤޴½ΰһС

ʷٷ̧ͷȥʱԶһ޴ĳУý׵Ĵʯ޽ǽһѵĻǺʣĿĻǧ׸ߵķֳͨһɫɫܷʷٷҵĽѧС֮һʦҪԲķʽ޽󲿷ֶɫ¹âɡϿķͧͣ·ĽȺԽ㲼ԽңЩӦͨ˵Ļ
кô󣡡Ů૵
ԭסʦӵϰ˿ڵĳȷʵгʷٷֻǺĽ
ϲɫ
ϲҲ
٤޴½һУӵһٶ˿ڣѾһǧˡ
ʦǼǻΰУҲ٤޴½УǿԵ٤޴½ķ顣
ǡԶߡ
٤޴½߼װ壬ӦҲǿװߡɯԺ
ߴһٶʮ׵ľǰ
һ˫սһֳֳǹһǵλãеǹرյģھҵĲţڳǽʯ̵ʯͨɺʯɣƺҲһֹװ塣
ΰĽǻͼݡ
ߡɯһκ˿ŵͼݡ౦֪ʶ
廷ʦǴʱΪ𺳣ںںΪʦʦĹϵ廷궼ս״̬ѧԺȻҲ޽ΪΰǸǰȻǲ̫ˡƬ½ʦ֯ȻҪԺƽһ㣬սҵķǲʱ佨ģĺΰС
ʷٷһֱشԶߡ
ǿװ˵֮Աǣʷٷҳװȷʵʵǿ
ԡ̩̹ΪģĹװ塣ʷٷҰԵ
һȫǳ̩̹ԪڻԾkѾ˳ʷ̨ܶطѾ̩̹ټ˵kǵ˥˸˵еٱ۾ˡйϵԶŴ˵ûа취ȥ֤
ֹͨ
ʾͨɣ
ͧǵϿʱͻȻһһ˵ǰۣһСɫֳǰڰУÿնۿעˣнʾȨɣ
ǽϡ
һЩʯ̵ʯ΢΢⣬ƺֻҪʷٷһκ쳣ٶЩװԥ𹥻
äŮ׻ᡣ
ߡɯ
ɯŮ׽һɫռǾԺں廷ʦǰѧϰ̽Ϣ֪ͨǵǻߡ
ڻռһɨ
΢΢廯һɢ



131 ǣһ
ǡ
ʷٷҺع۲һУΪܵĴڣʱر1ŵĲֹܡ
ȻҲвٿȡ֮ģ
ʷٷϸشǰƵǽϵʯ廷յ׿ܹװǻһȤûеġΪ׿ҲսУǻûʲô๹װȫΪսǲ๦ԵħܺáʷٷҪһƽʱܹؼʱҲսĹװܣһʼûô׿ܵļ
ǰЩʯе㲻̫һ
һʷٷҾ쵽ǵۺܵͣԶԶħܣӵкʯ˵ɱȽ͡ڶЩʯܴͦģҲ࣬ƺֻмŻҪһӦǵĶԿսֵʷٷҵħܾһԵ㣬ǾǸ߽ħ¶ô߱ԿսܹһʯĻԸЩħ۾Ҫ׶ˡ
ңǵʯġ
ʷٷյĺļڸ߽׹װϣҲִϵĹװܣֵͽ׹װսλûԭסʦо͸
ҪԼȥƵĻ»ûѲٵĹ
ʯҪãҵ취ùʷٷҰԵ
˵ʵǺЩ˵ħ۵λʯܿӵв׵ĿħԸħ۵߹ӦûЧǹװ壬ϲúħ۵ļЧ
Ŀǰ
ʷٷҶǵĵһӡ󻹲ʯ;ԶߡܸȤ
ǿЩʯ
ƺյ׿ܼһ㣬ҲǿԳԸʦ֪ʶһռ̨ʦ
ƺҲʶʯļֵЩʯսУԸħ۾кܴơ
ά˶ʦԲɳ˼һ£漴΢΢ͷ
廷ĸ߽ʦҲǶһۣƺΪװȡһ¡
׿һ̵ֺܼĵսλڶԸħʱôЧһεϮмȫûзӳ̫;עϸ˵ǵʯѧĺʯ
ܿ졣
ͧһǰͣ
äŮ׻ĻռǣӦʦдССĸѧԺ涼вͬʦ֯Ļռǡ
ǱǱѧɵʦһȺǺܺô򽻵ļһ
СǶа׹ǻռǵĽЩо鷨ѧʦ
Ƭڡ׶ѧɣӦǵĴߡɯ򵥽ܵ
٤޴½ʦӦҲǲȱġ
ʷٷ׶ѧɵֺ΢΢üͷ廷Ҳüͷһ塣Ƭ½Ȼûô˵ĺʦ֯ЩʦʦҲ̫ԶֻǲʦȡѪа
ʦӦǰ½ˡߵʱҸ𡣡һäŮ׻ĳԱ˹ǺشһˣڰɯĶ˼䡣
ߡɯĻ΢΢üŵǻӴǡ
ǿǹ䡣עⲻҪͻƺЩ˲ӭǵĵ
ӭǣ

ߡɯĻ廷ֲ԰ռ̨ʦǶɽͶߵԪسʦ
ԪسսʦЦƺһζ
廷Ԫسڵ͵ʵսʦѧͽʱھͿʼμɱʽǸѧԺڵĸսճƽʦǽҲһˡںԾĺʦǶ֪Ҫ廷ʦ֣ôûֲ԰ռ̨˴ûòҪԪسصʦ
ǵսѶҪ30%ϣ
Ԫسصʵսʦһܴ˵ʲôԵȱݵĻǾĲôóо
߰ɡҴȥסĵطߡɯע⵽˵Ĺ顣
Щεʼ磬ֻϣĽ֡
ΪӺںԤѧʦ֪ںȺǶôϲսκһؾĿǶһƬȷѪ갡
ѵͲ֪鹲ͬ
٤޴½ҪǷµؾǿ϶Ǹ֯ʦ̯Ʊ󣬴Ұѵⶼһ֣ʣĲŽɢʦȥᣬкںôģսȫһʦ֯ȫս
˵Ĺ۵ںʦǶ̫ں¶ˣ
ȻΪʦ򽻵֯廷չҲûа취顣Ϊʦǲǽģǵ͵ǿʳߣԪʦʦս׼ǰպʦģѵģֻûкʦôѪȵֶΰˡ



132 ǣ
ǵռܴ
ŴĽʷٷһעĻǴͼݡ
Ÿո뿪ʷٷұ㷢ڰиǣѧԺ໥һۣԷɢжϾǱ˵ĵ̣ǿѹͷߣֻҪԷûͻô廷Ͳ׼顣νҪĿĻ֪ʶԼоӦϹавкܶ廷Ȥ֪ʶ
Ůһȥ˴ͼݡ
ʷٷǸռ̨һж׼ȥιһǵ칤
廷˲ò٤޴½ʦҪһ㣬ȻһĿ칤Ȼܶ඼ǴӹŴżҳģǱϾѾԳϵװ塣
ʷٷҲܺôġ
äŮ׻ԱĴ£ʷٷһŸոյ߿ſʯħ
ǵԲʯħʯäŮΪԺ
ʦѧͽæµлŲٵĵ̹ʷٷһɨжϳ˼ˮƽӦɪʱڵЩʯħҲûмضĹܡ
ռ̨ʦǿűȽĽȥι۵ȴܾˡ
˶һǳϧӡ
ʷٷҿԼӦҸǡʱһϴݣȻʵóһ㼼ϾʦϱС

ԭסʦǲ
ûءʷٷŲһ½Ų漴1ţɨǵʯ̽ṹ
һ΢ܲ֡
ŴʦһССܲᾪκˡ
Ǿռ̨˸ԭסʦƤĹУʷٷе1ſʼɨĽṹͼͬʱԱȹȥ¼ݣԶʯҪء
ӴʷٷҵԺС
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һƽķܽС㣬СܵʷٷҶ档
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֮һʼ˶֣ô;Բͣ
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ʷٷҺһƨƨߵ˹ˣˣˣûиóԵİ

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Ů;ܾˋİݷãҸŲ˽ƣʱ޷Ӵ
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еʱ䣬һԲ浽״ʲôܡԺͿƿ˵ˣʱҪʲôͳʲôҲõ͵Զᱻ˳ͷˡ
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162 ٶһ
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ʷٷԶĻħȻһ㣬ߴﵽףؽӽ֣ħԴ˺20ħͬʱ߱ΧԹʹս̤ϾǰСBOSSģġ
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164 ٶ
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ǰܽ180%ħܾڹУ
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002 
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Ҳ˵ǸڲѾҪȫͬϹаЩճͺ鷳ճ嵽ӵжôǿһ˵ЩճƵĵ̶ǽ˵ĽǼٸճĸнӴֻǽ˲ŸҸǽнסճѾϹа︯ĻôҪˣǻ÷ǳǳΣգ
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ĿǰƬûϢҲһЩ񼶵ĴڣԭסĽ׼ֵߡkǴƢŹַǳѴ򽻵Ҷߺų⣬ʵĽ׶
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廷ٿһμ򵥵Ļ飬ҪйκսƷķ⡣ʦǵҲûʨӴ󿪿ڣЩļһǶ֮۵ʬܸȤԻ֮۵Ĵ󲿷۹֯սƷ»ҪƤһʱ䣬Ϊ廷εʧҲܴ˫ƻҪЭ̺ȷȻ廷Ѫⸯ߸ûҵԭԪسϯʦټ
ά˶ʦĵʦڱ֮۴ߺʧˡ
廷һֱһҲ֪֮ǵҪʲô
϶һ£
ΪʦбӡǧɻߣԭkӦ֮ǻٵ壬廷ĿǰҲֻܼѰټ
ʷٷڸһ˷廷
ǰ֧ȡһˮҪʮö꾧ʯԼһöƷʵ꾧ʯټɵѪ⾫ʮ֮۵ĴѪ⾫ʷٷսеĹ޻˵ģ֧ȡսƷҲû˸˵ģϾԵʤġʷٷ廷⣬λԱ֮ϣѧԺϯʦҲ
ϧʷٷʱӹ廷̫ȨΪĸճǱ߻кܶҪȥǱ߲ŸոٶʷٷصĻԼĸճǣֲ㹻ľȥ廷
ڷѧԺ֧ȡǧöħʯһǧöԤߡǧöԼ
Ϊħܾ峬ǰϱȥˡ
ԤߡʱѧԺڣݽ൱һ䣬Ǹ߽״ʦ廷Ҳòĳ룬λȽİ½ʦѧԺҲܽռ̨ϯʦϯλ
һεսƷ൱ˣ
廷ջ꾧ʯöмֵߵĻЩаǴƷʵ꾧ʯʮ飨֮۵꾧壩֮۵ʬĿǰû˻Ϊʵ̫Ӵˣʦܷ԰֮۵иѧԺϯʦܽݶŮڸǲЭ̡жкںʦǻҲְæˣʱڿºѽսƷϡ
ֲ԰ڡ
ʷٷҽ˫̥ͻ󣬱׼ʼơԪؾ۱䡿ͼֽ
ʱŮʵ鴫ѶͻȻ𣺡ˣٶͨһƬ磡
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004 ²
磿
ȺڵȥˣȻ綼ڳˣ
ͬǵ壬ǵĳѨһһĳŵ죬Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ǾȻѾͨˡŮʵ鴫ѶʷٷΪӣΪ嶼ôǵģĦ̩ϣкܶҰħڵġ
ȻԴҲܷḻ
Ҫ뿪һˡ
ʷٷҺܿתţ1ͳһԪؾ۱ҪĲϣĲù׵Ȩֵ廷֧ȡһ֡Ūһкֱ߽Ա˫̥õķӣǵһҪȥһʱ䡣
ѧԺʲôҵĻͨѶˮϵҡ
˫̥úܹɵصͷõġ
ǻߵʦ
ʷٷЦǵԴתǳֲ԰ȥ
ЩɫճҺѾԽԽˣĪʦòǵһƬ򣬾˵ܹԵۣ֮Ҳ֪ܲԸϹа
ʷٷҺܿʰö̡
ʦʱǰѻӡ֮ۺʵûյ̫Ӱ죬Ǿ΢ıȽϴʷٷҶʹõԺܸȤֱʷٷԵӡ̫
ɵĴйȻһ㣡
һͷ⣬ʷٷҵӰֱӳʦڡ
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ˡȿ˹СѾȺ΢ЦŹʷٷϵĶ
ʷٷЦתͷʵأܳȥˣ
ȿ˹С㲻Цͷš

һ쵽֪ܳȥˡ
˵ʵڵģһֱûʱúоһ壬Ҫ֪ǧǰҴĸħôͬȫʵʧˣֻһ˳ɹǧѡ
ֱʷٷҋûô򵥡
ˡˡŮʵ鴫Ѷ̫ˡ
ڵ緢ǻ壡
Ѿץһ²
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ʷٷԵһ¡Ҫ˺ǣھ͹ȥ
ܿ졣
ʷٷұ㳯ŵϳλøȥ
ͨ˴ĵ³ѨڣǧæµţѪ⾫Ĳ䣬己ܵٶȺܿ졣ĿǰϳѾһ޴ĵ³Уʮһϣһٸһ๤ϡ
ص٪壿ʷٷҿЩСӵļһʱ鲻е㾪ȵ
ļ棬ʷٷҿһЩֻһ׶һߵĵص٪壬ǵƤ΢԰ף沿࣬ŨܵĺӣŮûУı΢е㿨ͨԴı΢һ㣬֫ԵеСҲʲôܳª塣Щص٪ĵӶȽСȻһףȴûʲôսĺۼƺǺ׾ͱ²ˡ
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Ϊ׵ĵص٪һʦеƾɵķۣʷٷҺһе㻬ع𾴵ʦ£
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ֻһȺĵص٪壡ЩŹǰɡǵⲢóԡ
ص٪óκͻ츳ְҵǷʦ
ͬó׷ٵĻץҲôס
ʷٷ°ʹЩص٪壬ȷǳ
һ˿ǿޱȵķ֡
Ϊ׵ĵص٪ʦɫһ䣬˲е԰ֽΪоʷٷҾȻһֲޱȵĴʦ
־Ϳǡ
ص٪ȻӵгΪʦ츳ΪеĹϵ󲿷ֶսʿѾʧʷУֹֻܶݵĻԻʱڡóͿףϲɵص׵ıأͬͨӦϢ
Ҳӵܵġ
ص٪ų壬ܲϲ˴򽻵ӲǴ򽻵ǿӲֶλûǵ츳ǺڰӾרԡϤʯͨԸؾ˳ȵȡ
ȻȽСӵе츳٣һֱڵ
ӵ෨˵äȵȣһ˵һֻܹʹһΣ෨ǵص٪ûʲôְ߽ҵߣǽٶȱȽ
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ŹǰɣǾֻһȺ޺ĵص٪壡ǿõµıػȡɣΪ׵Ļʦеսս
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ʷٷԱζؿһۣλʩߵŵǶҶһ£ʲôأ



005 ħһ
𣡡
Ϊ׵ĵص٪쳣ŵſ˫۵֪һƬľǵļֱֵ޷
ʷٷɫ΢һƺĸȤӡ
ڵص٪Ļֻܹһ롣
ȺСóÿŵĳЩҵص٪һϲ˵ѵ塣
𣿡ʷٷ°͵е˼
ȻоΪʲôǲȥɣҼǵõص٪Ǻóɿİɣǵװûע뾫𣡡
ʷٷΪʦеģЩص٪ϵװֻʹͨľ죬ܲһЩĽ󣬵ǲûаڡһЩԵԣ˵ɫӲȡħԵȵȣԺ20ӲµװҲͨĿֱһȥʹ̴ˡͬʱĿ׿ṩ˺⣬ڵ澫ƴԴ
ҡû취ɡйΪ׵ĵص٪Ͱеɥ
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Ŀǰķ֮ѾԭʼĻ壬Ŀǰħгص㣬ħһֱǺҪɲ֡
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ȥȵȡȰǴȥʷٷҸոտҪǴԼȥǽȴַԸ˰Щص٪ѹȥ
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ʷٷԺһϲܺã׼Դʼ磡
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ħϵͳڼУǰ1%.2%.3%.4%.5%
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һ㷨⹹ķġ
Щȫķ֮ӵһ𣬿ͺһž޴ޱȵΧڣǳɫĹԽնӡȾʷٷҵӰѾɵ˰Уеķ֮۶ڵλãΪ֮۹Ϊ㣬Խ·֮Խܼĺʯ϶ӡַΪһ壬ĵ¸
ۣƯһĲǰľ׳Ѥϲޱȡ
ȿ˹Сдһ㣬૵о񶼱ˣ
ܽСվڸ̨ʷٷҵӰɫƺһ˿ݣ૵ʦʵ̫ǿˣ
ڸֵķΧڡ
ʩԽǿ˸дԽǸоԼͺһС㣬ӴޱȵħСʷٷҾħľףƬһһӰˣԸ׵ذһЩ˵ʩ
һһħ罻֯ͣ
ħɾͺһԲ򣬵ѾħΪһ壬ʦǲٿĺģεɢתۼѾŵĵط
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廷ռ̨
ֲ԰ϯʦܽݶŮסŮ׵˼ڣռ̨һˮϣǼصƶ֮صľ޴
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ˡ󿨶ҲΪ𾪣΢΢õġˡھͳ
󲿷ֵǽ˶ֻǡǽ̽ߡ𣬶ΪǽߡζӵǽеּĴڻ϶35ϵʩߣʵѾ顣


006 ħ
ռ̨ϡ
˿ʷٷҵıҲ΢е㾪ȣΪԼû뵽ħȻôĶ
ԭܻĦ̩ϣΪûħڵ磬ħĵħʼЩħķ֮۱һĿܣħĽṹԪ֯һȶУǸһȺ񱼵ҰЩ񱼵ҰͱøױơЩҰȺԵú࣬ǵĴڲҰȺвҰֶ֪쳣
ָоͺƴѧһͷ񱼵ҰȻװ׵ؾͽһȺҰѱˡ
ʷٷҾһȺҰˣ
Ӧòˣ
ħŵļ޺ʷٷҾȿʼ
ķ֮ۿʼϵ𽥳͵ԪسϫҲڳڲ£Ħ̩ϵʵ̫ӴˡԸĿǰļҲƽڵķΧټŵĻͻűħб͸룬Կһµ籩ŸΪ籩ֱӾҪҷ
һ֮·ɢ
ǻ˿Ƕ˵£¸еĺʯںħĿܣͺǺӰ㽫ħڡ
Ӵޱȵʼɢ
ʧȥ˷籩ۺЩԪŸϵһ㵭ɫ⿪ʼɢպһ͸ĵǰ㽫
ħѾ͡
ʷٷΪ˴żֵʮöҵԭϣɱĳҲľֿڴԴҺĦ̩ϵԴǱȽϷḻģҪȻĻʷٷһ˵ô콨ħ
һճǷǳǳǮ顣
ʷٷҪĲֻǽңýҲ򲻵ϡвϣйǽҿԹ򵽵ҪҲߴһöϣ
ʩߵУܶǮǶܻһɶ
һʲô
ǸʷٷһǧöңҲܺܿõøɸɾ
ǰɢڿеħʷٷҵм˷ҲΣ˷ܵħĳɹζʵӣһճǵĺҪѾһ֡ȽεԴѾˣΪħĽṹʷٷҽôʱ۵ļҵ׻ӻһգǺľ˲ֿԴչεԴȫȥˡ

ħϵġħҲ˴֮һĽṹ
ʷٷҵĹƣҪħ򡿲ȫĻŻҪֵʮöҵԴʱĽħֻܹ1-3ķʩչʷٷֵĻȫĳ߽ʦʩĽħǿԶ1-6ģĽħǿԷ1-8ķĺķΧڣһ漶ʦֱܾӱһˡעħΧԽԽࡣ
߰ΪץĽħ
ҺϿԸɻҪȻһ˵ĻҲ֪Ҫ˷Ѷٵʱ䡣ʷٷҵӰ¡
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ΪЩȫҪǮͶÿ칤ʮ˸СʱֻҪһУʷٷҲҵ۵Ͷˡ
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ոʲôƯܿ
ʷٷһתħԺڸķΧʩչ׶ˡ
˵꣬ǽ֮ϡ
ܵǽ𽥷ѿһЩصɫװ֣Ŵʼۣǽ֮ŵǰһС߲ѤõĹšʷٷֱȥε͵ϣʷٷȥһƬѤޱȵ߲һɫķĽƴһֱͨǽ֮ŵĺġ
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ҿȥ𣿡һĺġ
ʷٷתͷһҡҡͷ۾Ӵĸ֪翪Ľڵ֣Խʺš
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ʺţ
վΧ۵ŮһĲΨܽС˼СһĴװá
ʷٷתͷؿһܽС㣬ѡĵӣҪߺܶ࣬ûһװáڿԶɨ跶ΧڵĿռ꣬ɵһ׶κͿɨֱΧһڸռ꣬ɨķΧſԽڡ
ôţƣ
ܽС̲סȵǿ⴫͵ϵκεط
ˡʷٷҵͷ



007 ħ
ħζʷٷӵԼռ䡣
ֻҪħķΧڣԴԴϵسȡħЧеǲûôŵĻָ˵һλԼӵ޾ģkսֻʵޣֻҪڵkǾͿһֱȡʷٷĿǰҲ࣬ǻָٶϱȲҲħķΧ
1Ŀǰɨ㣬ʷٷħķΧӵд300%ĻħٶȣͬʱڼħȡʱԴﵽ600%ҡ
ЧͬҲħΧڵʩߡ
ʷٷҽֹʹħʩ߶Իö50%ķָӳɣһԾԪԽʩչѶȣʩ߿ɽиħա
㹦ħǽɪܺ˵á
ߵħԸı磬ͨҲָܵɪʱʼһֱڣЩڸճͨ˻Դﵽ100-150ҡ
ٲֳ߿Ի꣬ӽ뾫
ĵط϶ܶݣսƽֻʮ꣬ǺƽشƽҲʮӡ
ħĵΧڵ˶ָԿԸо棬·ĳһһǵ塣
ʦڡ
ʷٷḧһܽСԴĹˡԻȥϢˡ
õġʦܽСʷٷҵϥۺɫȹһŮ
Сǳĺܿ졣
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ܽСħĵ·ߵñ˸ԶѾûԼͯꡣҪһϲɹһĻôȫûбҪôƴܽСҪ̽ԪصĻôڵĸǾԱҪ顣
ʦԽܿ츳Խࡣ
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ʷٷҷǳܽСǱڵĽȿʮ˾ı߽磬һɹͻƵĻ׾Ϳʷٷҵİ»áϡԵĽ״̬㶨ڶʮҵ͡
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ܶʦΪǰڵĽ̫ʱڲɾͣܿǾͻֻᷢûԼ봫ѾڣܹǵʱѾˡ
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ȿ˹СվʷٷҵԱֹ·ʲô˼ʷٷתͷһ۵ʲô𣿲Ҫš
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008 ħģ
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ʷٷվڸ˵̨ϸٶƵĳڷؽǨƹǻŶδŬͨҪĶܼ򵥣ֻҪһ԰ܹϱȽϸ͵ͷǳˡ
Զ֣ԼԼʫ˵ĸںҹдȥԶ
ʷٷҾעһУ֮תط䡣
ÿ˶Լ׷󣬲ûûгԾͳ棬ŲȨֻҪԼûÿľͺáʷٷѾйһƽҲż廳һ£ջҪŸߴǰС
ΪƽŻδǰĶ
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ڶһʷٷұ㿪ʼæµڸճǵһڵƣĿǰƲѾȫ깤Ҳ˵ڱҪʼԸճǽй滮ˡ
һҲСĴСҪ滮黹ǱȽٵġ
һճǲһģռţͬʱи鷳ʷٷҪĲǽһϻεĸճǣҪĸճǱӵǽĳճǣĸճǱҪȫԸǽƮõĺڲ⡣
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˿ԽڸճǵĸԽ
һճǵǸԴӦֱӹҹģԽάĵԽ࣬ûɪܺ˵£Ԫؾ۱䡿ʷٷԽճǵ˿άҡ
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ĿǰȺķٶȺܿ죬Ѿнӽ˿ڣϵӣҪҲѸٷһϡ
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ξʷٷҶڱʯĸйٻԶԶڽɫ
˵ʯ󲿷磬ôһͷֱһ궼ȱǮʦԣôһͷʯǺ飡
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Ů̬ǱʯĹ̻̬
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ʷٷڵžӣЦǱոˡ
Ҫôɥ
ҸǩԼֻжʮЧʱֵĺҲ͸أһûҲܰʷٷҵĻĪñʯ޵
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ɺ޵ļһֱǹ
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ԴӾʿԼֱһ·ǣȻΪһʦҪϳⲫʱ򣬿Ǳǵɸ˲ٵı
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ʿڶξѺʷٷҾ͸оԼѾһͷһֱûʲôȥԣ벻Ȼڽ֡ʿѻʣ֮ԭסʦڤ뷨ħҩֱʷٷұһ˵ı̬
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ôһͷǿӽڵıʯʵĲôڶԸϹаսвܷӳ̫;ʷٷץȥǱȽϺƽʱҲ硣



015 
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ڵͨڣٶ²÷ߣǧϵæµУϳϵسŵ죬׼һ·ص¿ȻоôʷٷҾ;Բܷص缸ǱȻ顣ಢʺڵ棬ǵ˵¾һĨڣҪӵаӾſӦµİ
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ڶħܷߣʷٷҵһ֧ħܱӣͬʱڵ²һħأЩħܸڲ㣬ͬʱճʯħҲ
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ʷٷҲòԼͻˡ
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ڿĵͨڣͷţͷ˵ʬڱʰʷٷ˸ţͷˡƢûʲôѱ뷨صţͷƢ൱ƫִǺڰҲϲΪū
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ڶܵؾΧˣսĽչ˳ͬʱջ˲ٵĿʯ
¿ȦһǾȦǵȼ͵ģǿ¿ΧϲŵĹЩʱţûҲܸǵ˵ͦóԵġ
ڶȺħȺĿֻɢڵͨĴսȼ3+Ǻܺɱʱһߡ
һȦɥӼ׳棬ѶԸҲвһ
ɥӼ׳ǾԲġ
ʷٷһʱ䶼ڽǣ΢һ㹦ʷٷҸɵͷɥӼ׳棬ĳѨһ顣
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ܶħͲԻҶȻôѹЩˡ
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ȵʷٷҷʦʱ¿ĻѾ깤ϵ飬ǻʷٷĹɡ
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ǰ۹ʱҲûЧʿЩϡа
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51-100󣬽ڵľӵһԱ101-200ںͷǲҵܹȥһˡ
ϣϸ˵91꣬ĳڻвʱ䡣
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ʷٷҵŮҲ룬ü͵͵棬ǱɯץסȻʷٷңʷٷɳϺݺݵسһ١
ףʷٷҸո߽㲻ɳԾ۾
ΪڳһЩĿɰӰСŮڻзȥǾһϷ֣żᴫЦڿʷٷҵӰЩСӵСŮ˳µһ¶Դ츳תۼѾȫ˻вټ
ЩСŮѾˣʷٷԶԶؿţ̫ŵǡ
ϴʱʷٷҾ͸ӦµСŮû뵽Ѿˡ
СŮȻ֮顣
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Ϊ֮Ĺϵ𣿡ʷٷ૵
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ħϢҪ
ŮԷģϢʦġ
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ʦѻĳܾҵ˶Ը֮ǡһа취
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Ѹٳռ̨ȥ
ռ̨Ĵ棬廷ĸ߲ԱڣĿǰѧԺϯʦܽŮףվԱߵݶŮףȻŮסΪʱ廷ʧأĸ߲ŮʦӣԮ滹жߡɯԤߡ
ڿ΢еʢ˥ʷٷڵʦʮˡ
ʲô֣ʷٷһǰʦ
֪ǲʷٷҵĴλʦоǰһ㣬ϵѾжʮ߰ӣǿԣ1ŵɨҲһ
ʦ΢еƣ룬ɫȴΪ˷ܣһ˫۾ϣĹâ
ǳصؽһؾݵʷٷҵǰѻżȻֵġҲȷܲܶԸ֮ǣ
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ʷٷѧԵĹ⻷˵Ŀ˿̼ϡ
ΪЩҲȷؾ˵٣廷ֻʷٷһ˿ѧԺĲ飬ŴżĲ飬ԼǵĲ顣
ҿʷٷҽӹܾСش򿪡
һ۱龪ȵɪʱʹõ֣һǹŴ
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ſźȻһ𣬽ŵ¼ǡ֮䣿
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ģĳݹϾһ֣ľᱻƺΪɪᡯɪʱı־ʦԴͷɪʱеʩ߶ݹϾϻǳеĹŴħǴݾϷչġ
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ͬʱɪʱĴʦɪϵ֪ʶ԰Ƿ
˵ȫһݾɪʱĻԻ͡
ǰصķ֪ʶͬʱҲһǿݾԻǿĳħֱӰ쵽һ˵ʩǿȡ
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ʷٷҷеľᣬһŴʦӡϹаоͰɱǰ֮ǣ
ŴʦȻԴɪʱıߡ
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ѹְ۹ǧ궼ûҵ֮ԭѾŴʦʱ۹սʱʦǱҪɪ̣Ǹʱ򱣴ľѾϡ٣Һܶ඼ǷǳҪ֪ʶ
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֮ǵǿ
Ըkսһǿ飡⿿š֮ǾԲģ
žҲԲܷʷٷȻ۷ʱڷǳǿ󣬿ûп˵еɪᡣ˵ֻҪɹĶ֪ʶÿһžᶼĶߴĳͨʩԿţżĿԿ嵽ʮţܹĶĿƵģĿԾͻᵱֱӽ˷״̬Ϊ˵ĴѾ޷Щ֪ʶֻ鼶ĴڲſĶɪᡣ
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ÿҪʮͽͬʱҪӦʦ˵һתǷܹġ
ľĶܶžûκεĸá
ʷٷұĴҲ⣬Լһְ1ţ1ŵǰ飬Ҳ˵1ǿޱȵתʵǺܽӽġʷٷȫ1ŵĶɪӦûκε⡣


017 Ԯһ
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ڣݶŮͻȻ˵ˣǿһʦͶʷٷҵʷٷҸ°ѻꡣ
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ʷٷתͷݶŮ׵ͷõ˶ԷһӦЦݡ
ЦԱߵŮеζصһۣǰ׳նỳ֮è壬ΪݶŮƺֻڶʷٷҵʱЦһ¡ƤƤԼȥҸúһ£ȻͷѾˣܸоܹһ¡
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Ǹ޴ɺ㻺΢΢ĺ⣬ϡԿһģ
Ѫٶƽ
һɸǿܲѾ֣ŮѪڽĳɱ䣬ʼȵӣǰҪǿࡣʼ֧ϳڵķ٣־·µħ档
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ڸǽ˽н׵ʷٷͻȻӦŮĿ־־岻ͨԼݵʷٷ



021 ʱŦ
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Ůеֲ̫̿ȷˣͻȻӦǰŮʵ
а񣡡Ҳǿ󣡡
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ŮĻʷٷҵҲǲɿһ£Īое㲻
ǰŮȫڵŮʣʵжϣҪͨĸҪ٣ʵӦ30ʩҸĸ֮ǸĻҪеĸأ˵֮ǻӵȡŮʵǸ򲻹ĸ壬ĸӦȷģôǱߵеΣˡ
ǰŮʱ֮Ƿ²Ҳ֪ĻǻģĻһ㣬Ͼ黯֧ήͺܶࡣ
Ҫǻı֮ǸŮ»ȫ޷Կ
Ҫģһ취ģʷٷ΢һŮ壬ŵһ㿪أ㾡ɱ䵽ɳڡ
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ӦǽȽϡ֡
ǽˡµٿһʷٷң뿪Ƭ򡣡
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ʷٷҵı΢е㵣ʵޡʲôʱҲ´λܺ
ʷٷҵĻǽˡµٵıеǸƬȫΪ⣬ҵ̶ͻȻĿռǽεĹʧ˷򣬱ƯƬ򡣡
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ƬܻߣƺֻһǻһЩΣյĶ
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ʷٷеɲ⣬ȻһķǴˮ׼ǾȻҪǿȫ޷֪ʷٷҵʵǳ
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һְҵȼ30ϵʩôûԼĵ̣ʷٷһЩǽӵеذ
׺ܿɡ
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ʷٷұе㵵ؿ˶Էһۣ1ɨһԼϿ⣬ɻʲô
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˵kļһЩԸϹǿߣ
ʷٷұ΢һ䣬ҶЩ鱨ܸȤܲϸ˵һ£
ǽˡµ΢ҡͷܱǸ֪Ҳࡣ
ֻǴǽǿ߿˵һЩ˵kǶԪάߣʱһ֯֯鱨ʱ֪Ŀܻһ㣬µͼһطʱϢʷٷҸԺҲȥݷһµk
ˡ
ǽʱ򿴵һЩаΧǽ޾ƺڸǽ޾ʬ塣
ԺҪСģ
ǽˡµ˵Щƺûм̸ȥȤֱӻһâʧǰ
ܱǸˡ󿨶ΪǸسʷٷЦЦҵ˲̫ϲ˽֪Ķȥݷͷʱɡ
ҪĻϾ͸͹
˼
ԷƺʲôǣеĻ˵һһ롣
ʱŦ
طźܲһ㰡ֻˡ



022 Լ
ЩǽҲҴȥҲҴҡ
Ǹʷٷɽ׵ĵڶ죬֧ǽ˱ֱ뿪Ħ̩
λǽ˸ԼϢʷٷҺܸȤڲûǽҪ̽ƬİǽٻҪָ30ϵʩȼʷٷĦ̩ϵԽԽ࣬ȫﲻܲˡ
һûиǽǺܿģ
ʷٷҲܷԼò׻ļҵڶԸ֮Ҳȫû˿ʤ㡣
棡
Գɹ֮ǵĻʷٷҵջԹġ
οǽ˿еʱŦƺֻϹǿ߸ȤҪ˽kǵĵϸ׼һͶ״
ʱúܿ졣
ڵʱ֣ʯϣǴһϢ
ȺʷٷҵԼܸȤȻȤǱʯͬʷٷǩͬԼǱȥԪλЩ̸һ̸
ˡ᲻Σհȿ˹СΪĵ
ʷٷҡҡͷЦõġûʲôΣյġ
ֻһͬԼѣ涯ֻҪϹһ㲻飬ϹĴ򲻹ܡһ˫ԵȵͬԼڷʱʯԻӦԼٻҲѡ񲻻ӦԼٻѡȨȫھǱռûΪʷٷҶִһܡ
һͷĹâ
ʷٷֱ˰ϣǸĿռ꣬͵һƬ߿տϡ
Ԫλĳ㡣
ʷٷһ͸Ӧ쳣ϵ3.2ңӦԪλȽڲ
µŸ
ＸκαԪҲܵԶԶġ
ʷٷҵǰһȺϵľеΪȵǳ˻⣬ȻıʯֱһͷڵϾһͷڵˮ֮⻹ͷ
벻ϣǵͦģʷٷҰԵ
ѹ¿ɫ磬һӳļûУ۲ǰЩʯͬʱЩʯҲһڹ۲ʷٷҡ
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ʷٷҴδɱ޹ҲĶԷ÷⡣
ҪһʦˮһȥһƬѪĻЩʯ˵һ󲨵Ϣ¹ˡʷٷ˻еߵģδɱ޹Ҳʵ飬Ħ̩ϺΪǰγֶԿ֮ǣϵѾеƫӪˡ
Щʯûɶ֡
Ǻܽ
ʷٷս˷ȣʱһǿķ㴫ֱǰЩɫ΢䣬ΪʵЩеĻҪǿ
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࣡㵨Ӻܴ󰡣Ϊ׵ıʯõͳ
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ڳԵúÿģ
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ʯڵļֵɱ֮
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ˡ
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ԹϣǽԼһȫʧˡ
ʷٷҵʵЩȫ͸Ҳ֤һ㶼顣Ѫ鲻ôУڵľͻᱻϳ档ǽΪżľҲкܴ󲿷ֳַӣԭǵż͵͵ȡԼĲƱΪصĹϵֵ˫ŮǼĵģ󲿷־ָŮκεĲƱҪԼȥռֻٲֵĺüҳָŮһƱҲǧ֮һٷ֮һӣԲٶˡ
ٷ֮ʮϵľżǷֳӣڵľԸ뿪棬ôΪĸܻʹŹŮһȻϳȥ
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˫ìܵԭΪƱ⣬ĸһ˶ռ󲿷ֵıأ˫һΣײҳˡԺϼʮ궼ûм棬ϣǵĸҹһͷڵıʯػԼ۵ĲƱ
ż̶ûĻϵͬʱӵжż
ŮĸϵĹϵȽ׽һ㡣
ԾϵȽϵĮЩʮ궼ҲȥΪ¶ԷȡԼĲƸñȽϼһһЩ񣬵Ǻܷܵķ̷ļ̳϶ƱԶԭӦǵĲƸ
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ǿǹŴʦǻ۵ľķǧѪоħһֵּ޷Ƶıʯ棡ΪоĹŴʦǰͺ̷ѾѪ˵ĴǹŴʦĲƸ
ţֲҪǮʷٷҵȻǰѱʯᾧ洵컨׹
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Ϊǵļֵ棬һܹʯĳӣȷʵһĲƸӵľ˵ֻҪһĳǵĲƱȶӣȲܳȥðѰҲƱֲȥĲƸ
ֱ˯ڼǮ׬
Ϊ׵ˮĶˣõͳԸЩʯᾧİظǣ
Ȼʷٷҵͷ̰ᣡ
ʷٷȱʱ䣬ñʯᾧ滻һȺΪȫֵãȱľʱ䣬ǵʱ󲿷ֶ˷ѵӵЩʯᾧ棬ôǵʱѾǲƸȶ֡



023 սʿ
Ԫλ档
ʷٷҸһȺƤ˽СʱղŰԼݸȷ
Щʯ̺ôɻʷٷҲžܵĽʹԼķáʷٷҵġԸڽеԭα¶ˣҲǰһȺϵıʯдսȼĹˮǸЩʯ۵࣬һʯһʯĽ̸⣬ղȷʹԼͻʮöеȴСĴʯֻ֧ٻڵľҪǿĴôͱ֧ķá
ٻӦǹڵıʯҲųϹͻȻӦٻĿԡ
ϾԪλ滹ϹڵģֻѾ¶棬ЩϹӵеĲƸҲԶľҪǵעµ׼ѪһβС
ЩʯҪӦԼٻѡȨʷٷҶ㸽һҪǾٻǿѡʷٷʹԼĻǱҪӦʷٷҵٻ
˫ΧԼ˺ܾãȵöʱʷٷҵеֵֹġ
ʦ򵥣
ֱ۵ĿʷٷҴ򽻵رۣһ˶ռһ۵ĸͷһ
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Ĳȴ˫ɣֶԵȵԼҪ֤˵ģ˫κһԼģִԼʽӪڡ
һԵĹԸǰ
ʷٷҺͱʯͬʱʼʩǰĿյ𽥹һ硣
һְӰǰkͫǵɫģԾĵ绡ŷһֱɢλصĴϰΣ°Ǹת쫷磬kԪλ棿
ط
λڵĳ֣ʷٷһǱʯ΢΢ʾ⡣
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ԪλкܶرǿİԪؾİ࣬kǵʵǿҲٲ顣ǱȽƫƺô򽻵ĴڣkǾΪҪԼĹ֤ˣƹݴܹԸľҲ󲿷ֶǵkǡ
һԵˮԼȥ
񼶷µЧʺܸߣkֻ΢ɨһۣһ֣ŵͳԼһΪâʧǰ
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鿴һˣŻһɢ
ԪжӪ
ˮݣˡ
ԾöķԪ̵ԪϹʱԪλİǻüδսҰжԪĻǻԼܴˮԪغͻԪؼǶ˵ɡ
һʱܿȥ
Ԫλ˽һʷٷŴŰϣǷظ
ͷСĸʱƨƨߵһ͵ģʷٷҿγ٣Ϊˬʮͷʯᾧ档һԸеƣΪ˱£ʷٷ׼һЩʯᾧš
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ĿǰŲѵĽȺȶȻҲӵϢʷٷǲ̫Զˡ˵ʷٷĻôŲ˾С磬ǵԭһͨˣڵľѽѾպˡ
ͬʱ
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ѾӵԱʵϵƣһĽҲɻܲսʿˡ
ʷٷҸеȵŲ˵ĸߵʿ
λĸߵʿȻʷٷϴδ˰ѻļɺͻͽڲഥıԵˡԭʿһߴŮԣѾ˥ϵļȻʷٷûͣҲӦʮӡǿߴ󣬿ϵ˥Ϻۼȴ˲٣ŴԼҲʮҡǱѾɹͻƴĻһӡ
սϵְҵߵû취ʦᲢۡ
ʹķսϵְҵձһ꣬Ϊ˲˥Ͻȡ
һսʿĽֵڴһ¡
ʿԳɹĻʷٷҲʹһЩȪȥİˡ
ʦĿǰûл
ʷٷһ߼ලճǵĽȣһߵȴʦĹ
ѾжʱûµϢˡ



024 ʯ
ʱ֡
ʷٷǰддٶĵαȽ鷳˼ΰδճǲ֡ȻճٶΪĽ죬ܲܰٶϣʷٷĿǰŻֳٶ֮һδзٶĲγһ޴ȻԪؾ۱ĸȲӣܹṩҲһ޵ģʷٷҲǽʮƽҵգҪ쳬͸ճǱҪɪܺˣΪװǿֱӳȡԭʼħġ
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һӯĽŲèŮ̼Ӱ鷿ſڡ
촩һϮɫĽ£İ͹չֵ쾡£èϵ޻˵֫һֳ޷ĳ̶ȡζƽжʱսʱõ˸޷쵽ƣͨƤ׸޷κ̫ӲķζӰ쵽Ӧʷٷһ׸ħ+3ϵĽƤ£ӽף쳣˿Ӱ쵽Ļעèϵ޻Ǳǿ
ЩƤ»ϿΪʹãǷǳҪʱ滹ԼһƤ׷
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ˡ
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025 Ȼ֮ŭ
ϡ
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öʯʷٷаţԼǲҪģΪʵʩչԼ
ʦǱ߳ʲô𣿡ʷٷҵıе粻
֮ǵĴӪ
˵һ˳Ļʦڵڶͻ᷵أѾǵˡ
ҸʷٷҸеǵʦڻӡۣ֮ʲôĻǰеŬ׷ˣ֮ǵȫԸ֮ۡ
ڵһ죬ʵڲҾȥһ¡ʷٷҰԵ
£Ҫ
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ѵĵǣ
ЩԤѧŮ׵Ļôûʲôˣ
廷׽Щˡ
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ĻԱߵİɯ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ΪԤԴǸʱгһ˿ɣѡ廷ԤѧɵŮ׻кܶ˶԰ŲɣЩһֱѡǵȴĹ
ʦͽĹϵе΢ģ»ѪԵϵ
ʷٷҵûжʹԸоһ㡣
ǵĹϵִܿһìܣʲôΪǺҲῪȥʡ
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ĿǰЩǵԤѧŮ׿´ǺǸ׶ѧɡѧɺͱѧɵĹϵôټϰĿǰ٤޴½ЩŮ׿»ᱻѹĺܲҡ
ԤߡһʷٷңʷٷҸҲԼɣ
ûв´
ƶ֮ƺиµʦֻЧ֯
ʷٷ̧ͷһۣǵġ
Ԥߡߵʷٷҵǰɫ֣ޱȵ֪ʷٷҸԸԸɵЩӣ
ǶһЩǱŮס
϶԰ﵽ¡

ʷٷҳԾؿһԤߡƺȫû뵽Էô˵
Ը廷
ȴԸ˵ʦ
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ô˵Ļ廷ʵ϶Ҫ˵ʦǿɣ
Ϊܵż
Ϊʲôԭ
ʷٷҳһ£ųΪʲôҪ廷ǸʺϽЩŮ𣿡
Ҳ廷Ԥߡεʵϡһֱôκںʦǡҿδ廷ӦǻϹаС
ɯѡ廷˵ѡ񣬿ҲϣЩҲ廷
Ҳ̫ԸʦǴ򽻵
ʷٷҸ¡
֮ˣҵЩ׷µĻӦûǸõѡ񡣡
ԤߡĻʷٷҷǳ
ҪҪЩԤѧɵŮף
ĿǰʦĳԱṹܵһȫʷٷҿεˣܹʦȫաЩԤѧɵŮǣôһоʹһ㲻ȶأЩŮ׵ļֵֺܾˣǿѸȱʽʦĿȱ
ؼʷٷҲ֪Ԥߡôģ
ЩŮ׼븡ĻôԺʷٷҵģԤߡģ
ؿһ£
·ǲµʷٷҵĹǣԤߡ֪ʷٷҸеĹǡʷٷҸ²ĻҲԼµʦΪЧ͡

˵ԱߣߡɯԾŴ͡
ȫû뵽ԼĵʦͻȻô˵ľѵʷٷһ˵ļֵѾ廷



030 
ǶߡɯޱȣʷٷұҲԷһ
Ҫ֪ԤߡǸ߽״λŮףǶһǿߣھȻ˵ԸΪЧͣ˵ʷٷȫʢʱǵûʲôģǸʱʷٷҵĸճһʮλ漶ʦΪЧ͡Żָ˶ٵʵҲǿӽ߽״ˮ׼ְҵȼ25ĿǰʩȼܻûԤߡߡ
ȻھԸԼͷϣ
ѵͨԤԷʲô
һʷٷҶٻе˽ģǰʶһرѧ˵С㣬С֪ʷٷҾȻЫо˶е㲻ˡ
ܵ޴µķӦ˸еϲˣţ֣ѣ
ԤߡĿǰļֵƺҲܵӡ
ԭԤУ廷Ѿǳ׻𣬶ںҲϹаϮȫݡһжûзʷٷҵĳָƬΣ͵ԼԤԷ˻ɣ֮ҲʷٷҲǿҵĺġ
˵ľٶδûҪӽʷٷң˽ν֮˵׻ָı뷨
ʷٷҵͷ˼˺һŵԵ棿
Ԥߡ档
Ȼ
ʷٷҵϱ¶һ˿ЦݣǰԤߡƵӭҵĸճǣ
δضһϯλ
һճǺһλʦȥģΪҪ̫ľ
ʷٷԭĸճǾһᣬһʦѧԺֱ仯ѧɡѧɡԤѧɵȵȡļƻӦǱȽϺڲŻῼ齨ճ뷨ڰļɿԼӿ衣
ΪǸһԤѧŮףäŮ׻ĳԱȻսǺǿ󣬿ʷٷȱֲս
ǿħţ
˵ЩŮ׵ֵǹоǻ϶ʽʦȽսʩʦࡣԤѧɵȵŮǱ׼ѧԺɣǻ۵֪ʶȽϷḻյķҲв٣Ȼսϵķȴһ㲻١һŮ׵ħƷħաȵȣսʩսר͸ȵȡ
ճǣ
ʷٷҿеĻʱԤߡе㾪ȣűֵԺա
εľһκġ
ȷʵͨԤԷһЩδƬΣЩƬʷٷҶżҪãҲ͵һѵ뷨ֱӽעѹʷٷҵϣĿǰںʦ֯廷
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ԼĵʦôͻȻͶʷٷˣ
ԱߵĶ߰ɯе±ƣһзʵ̫ˣû˼·ͽˡ
׼ʲôʱתäŮ׻ĳԱʷٷҳ
Ԥֱ߰ӵԽԽã
ǵķѾеŲסˡܿ췺ĵħͻƽи
ʷٷǺáǼһ¡ҵʱȥǡ
äŮ׵ĳԱܶࡣ
һһٶλŮףʽŮһӣһ붼ѡѧͽ֯ĳԱȽϵһȫŮԣһԤ츳һֱǺܶࡣһСָ߶ߡɯ廷һҲǰ˾ʮ˵ӣǴϼҾҲңʷٷҵĸȫԽ
˺̶ܿתƵļƻ
վԱߵĶߡɯǱЩ΢ƺԼ廷ǲеˡ
ȻĿǰռ̨ϯλ֮һ
ΪܽŮױȽϱصķĿǰ廷Ȩ࣬ټϵʦʷٷµעһԼܿˣʦҲ۹Ӷĸо
ָоĪеܸС
ڶ졣
ռ̨ʦ㿪ʼ׼ѰҴ˵еġ֮жҪԱʦһˡ
µǿ⣬ѻǲλħһжһλǸʷٷֶԸѪⸯߵϺˣȹȥ˼֣ʵѾͻƴһλΪ쾡ͫħˣʵҲ൱ĲףһλʷٷûмӦѻĸ֡
ʷٷûһͬ
Ůײޣǿ϶ҪȥһŮġ
ʦĿռʯǱ߷ʲô飬ʷٷҲԵһʱ䴫͹ȥ֧ԮҪǰäŮ׻ĳԱӹԤߡѾһȵǱټ˺ʷٷұᴫǰǡ
ʱȽϳԣĻҲȥһ˵еѪ񡤹



031 Ѫ񡤹
Ѫ񡤹鱨ܶࡣ
kǻԾڰʱڵϹа٤޴½ʷУһαʦǿĨȥĺʷ
Ǹʱڵ٤޴½е㷺ģͬʱΪԭʼ˵ĹϵڵʱΪʢȽϳݡ顯ǺרעѧڡꡯĶࡣԭʼŲ׵ʩԽȻԪ
ԪѧɵȽϺô򽻵һ㡣
鷳Щרע׶ѧɵܲҵһǣ٤޴½İʱ׶ѧɵôڶʢʱڣ
ԡ
αʦĨȥĺʷУǳִѪδģļʽ
ŰĻ嶾ѧɵʧ
һֵʦȴ̳˺ĻѪгһͨ׶ʦעǸӸСһ֡
Ѫ񡤹ĵԴһʱڡ
ͷϵĳΪĦ̩һ̬Ⱥ
ѪĸͶѾ޷Ѱϣǵkĳȴ׵ģһ¶Ѫɫ٤޴½Ϸһδģսңʮ⵽¾Ѿʦǽ½ڽڰ˵׶ǣͼһʢѪһλȥԸǡ
ⳡѪһϹаĵ
Ѫ񡤹
Ѫĳָ٤޴½˾޴ѣܵԴıЩk׶
ʱʮ˲䱻Ѫ𣬶ʦҲ˲ܵش
Ϲаĳʹ˵ʱʦǵĳξǸʱγɵģһ¼ѪսУѪ񡤹ڱ·ӡʱԪ˵ʦҲò
ϹаǼѱɱģ
ȻѪ񡤹ʦǸӡˡ
һҲԤ벻鷢ˣǾ֮ʱ棬ԭ⵽Ѫ¾˲ǣȻ֪ʱʼkݡ
ЦЦ
Ѫ񡤹ոһ¾ʮ˲䣬ɱʮƵˡ
ڶ̶̵ļʮ˲ͿʼѪͼڣŰѵkԼػÿ궼ᶨڽѪӷһЩ˲˾ͼþӵѪ񣬾ͺͽѪkѰһ˿
µѪѪ»ָһ˿ǣ
kԭɱ忪ʼ¸ӲһǵkѾǵϹаǸӽӽ˲ŷа
еһ֮ǵֺ󳹵ױ
ħķģ̷Ѫ˲ͻȻңѸٵռϵſʼǷһЩ׶ѧɵҲ³֣ǿʹħﶾ޴߲ܿ٤޴½ʦǴ˾޴ѹ
Ȼ
鷳Ѫ
kƺѾ٤޴½һаѸԼĵ̣ӵһͽ
־Ǳýͷö
٤޴½ǵعϡǵֹǷĵħѾе׽⣬ڸûȥԸѪšһаα񣩵ĵֲӲĻ٤޴½ֻܿ»صʱڡ
٤޴½ѾһƬ̯ӡ
Ŀǰ˵֮Ħ̩Ĵ󱳾£ûȥʰ̯ӣԤߡҲֻܹԼĵѰһ·
廷ֲ԰
ʷٷڴռ̨ʱĪʦ
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šʷٷһɨ΢üʲô
Īʦ˽ӣִץһͷɫճҺֵճҺ֡
ιǳһ㸯ۣ֮ͱˡ
ǰճҺƺԣеӣֲ԰ɫճҺȫһϳŸϢƺ³иʴԵҺ壬˿Īʦвͣţڲƺһӫʡ
ҿʷٷҵ
ĪʦֱӽͷճҺ˹ʷٷֽӹ1һɨʱе㾪
ħˡ
ⲢȵڣϡȻȫ˸֮ۡ
˼ʷٷ°͵
ճҺֿ˵һֹˣǼûʲôҲһҺƤƤ۸ǡַǳСĹȴӵһֺصԣǾǿԳԵܶණ
ͷճҺֺ׵سԵø߽ʦҲͷĸ֮ۡ



032 ѧԵ
ֲ԰ڡ
оʲô³ɹ𣿡ʷٷʵ
ĪʦҡҡͷĿǰûСȻԳԵۣ֮ǳԵ̫񱩱죬൱йԺԣͬʱѵٶҲӿ죬׾ͻɢԸ̬ƽɻԵĴ
ܸ֮۱ˣȴϷĳ֣
Ŀǰǵ취
ʷٷԵͷͷҴȥо¡
Īʦʾû⣬ﻹкܶճҺ֡ȻںħﷺѾƣЩѨռĵط˺صĸۣ֮Щ֮ۻȾĶֲҪ취ֲ԰ʦ취ʹճҺĪʦ飬ʵճҺѾе㷺ĳˣŪЩʦǲòͷǡ
ħճҺ־Բܳȥһȥͻܿ췺ķѣֱӵ¸̬ƽ
ʷٷְճҺӽ˰λ档
ظʿҪõĻҲ͵ȥ
µ̬ƽѾˡ
Ħ̩ϻɽˮľݣֻ޾ɳĮش֮ǵʴѾɳĮˡںܶطɻдĸ֮۴ڡճҺֿӦµ̬ôǵķĳַһ顣
ȣѾû̬ƽƻ
ǻҲʲôԵģܳԵĿ¾ֻɳӡħ͸ۣ֮㲻÷ĳֵǻЩħ
ΣճҺڴȻľۺ̬ϵһ֡
˵ܹ´һЩıأ
Ȼ
ǾԲĦ̩ĵģΪĦ̩̬̫ˡ
һĸ
СģɢԿƣһΧſ¾ֻħϴˡͬʱĵһճҺֿںϣ̫пܷۺϷӦյ͵ճҺ־ۺ壬ֶʷٷܶΣڷȾڣ߼Ŀܹﵽ漶ʵ
ĪʦͷδճҺִˡ
ʷٷ򷵻Լס
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ˡ
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ʷٷһһޱͰץ˹سһƨƨЦȻôˡô򣡡
ǻǰʷٷҾͿˡ
ʷٷҵЦ˫̥˲٣űǲ΢šʷٷҡ
֪ˡʷٷҡ
ʷٷҵĵλıǴ˲СѹʷٷһǼеʷٷңû˷ʲô仯
أʷٷʵ
˫̥øһСܽµסϯŮ׵״̬̫á
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ʷٷ֪ϯŮסܽһֱоˣʲôҲ֪óȻȥ顣
Ǻʦġ
Ѿкܳʱˣһֱڶûлָ
Ϊ廷ϯŮףͨӦѾָˣ廷յԴ٣˵ϡе߸࣬ϵڶûнӦǷǳֵһ֣ʷٷһɸ귽йϵ
ҰǼһ塣ʷٷ˼صͷ
⡣
˫̥öһۣ΢ظʷٷ߽˷ڡ
ϵķȾָѾ˲٣ʷٷҩЧΪŮ׵ĵλΪҪӵܹõԴҲˡ˫̥õʵŴﵽ7ʩȼңְҵȼᵽ9ʱͲ׼ڶ׶εѪתˡ
Ļ˫̥ҲӦںѪ
Сʱ
ʷٷصͷܺáȾָѾ͵ȫˡһڲҪٷħҩˡ
Ҹ׼һЩ飬ʱͶ࿴
һ鼮˳
˫̥úؿһۣʱһʷٷң⡭Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ħָϡħ߽׷͸ħЧաħɡ˲šħɡָϡ
һ鼮ֿ˫̥ûһ
Щ鼮廷ûеģ廷ĳħ鼮ȫýʦȨĶĿǰǻʦˡ
ʲôصġ
һЩͨ鼮ˡû¾͵鿴ʷٷҼװ
Щ˽ء
Ҫǳħɷ鼮ʷٷһĳħɷǳЩħշ֮ۺ֮۵ǰĿǰ˫̥õʵѾʸĶЩżĳħ鼮ˡ
ʷٷѹ鼮Ǵλġħܸٵ1-9˲ָϡ
лл
˫̥ԲƳ٣ɫмлл㡣ʷٷҡ
ʷٷЦǵԴ͡
ǱˡԺҲܰ


033 ںͬ
ʱ֡
Ů׷ֲ԰һͲʷٷҪԼȥŮʷٷҲŸոշ廷ôܻôȥ˺ôľŰŮףŵæߵʹȥҪ֤ܿʲô뱣ܡ
ŮԼĴرʾû⣬һؿƿˣԲᱩ¶ʷٷҵܡ
˫̥Ǳ߳Եġ
ŮæҪֲ԰ȫҪֵ¹ٺŵֲ԰ʦΪܽŮ׵ƱȽ鷳ѧԺڵĲﶼ͵Ů׻Ѿûʱȥħ˫̥ѧúܲ½ѧͽÿ¶һħ硣ħѧѧͽЧȽԣʦԺû̫;ˣΪõʳļʵ̫ˡ
һʱڷħҩѡ
͵ʳǱħɫʷٷҳǸоһůһ飬ܿûʲôӦŸԵûð
ħѧǳȶû̫ĸãڵͽʦЧܺãԺҪѧͽĻһʽܽСܵǰ۹ģʽУδʹһ㣬ʷٷҿ϶ҪΪ׼ħǿʡ
ҹĻ١
ʷٷ˫̥õסҹָһǹڳħɷ֪ʶ㷵Լķ䡣
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ڶһ㷢Ѿһλռ̨ʦڵȺˣλŮƺ棬ʷٷûмס֣ƽʱǱ߹
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ʷٷҵͷ֪ˡϹȥ
ռ̨
ʷٷҹʱ򣬻߽ʦˡ
Ů׳ʾԼԱߣѧԺϯŮܽҲ΢΢ͷʷٷҸˡôεĻ鿪ʼɡ
˵꣬һ㣬һŻһϸĵͼ
Ŀǰ
ںħѾ߰˰ˡռ̨취Щ֮ۡ
ʱĪʦӸ𡣡
ܽŮ׳ŲĪʦͷŵڡ֮䣬ʦһ˽ڽռ̨ʦЭ
һλռ̨ĸ߽ʦվͷӦ
תλڶԪسʦǷϵԪػĸ߽ʦκܽӽ֣ܽŮ¡ڶӥֵܳѾˡ»һˡ
ʦƮͷû⡣ȥһˡ
ӥĴڲɺӡ
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󡣡
һйͰ֮ȵ顣
˵⣬ܽŮͣһ£תͷһݶŮףά˶ʦ뷨ʱǺʦҲ볢Ժ
ҲǺЩ򽻵ļһӦ֪ϵ˾ġ
±ϾϵѧԺδ
ԲΪһ˵̬Ⱦ;һУϣͶƱһ¡
͹ĽԼ
֮ۺ廷ͺʦĹϵ䵭ڶԿϹаĹУʦѾͷҲ廷ӵеǿʷٷĴ󱬷˵ǰѲٵĺʦŵˡʦеģʱΪ廷ôϵһЩʦĸ߲˽¿վʱ廷Բǰɱˡ
ǣһãǾ廷ݽ˵Լ
ǧδй飡
һֱʱԵĺƽҲ廷ȡģά˶ʦΪ˻ȡʦİȥ
ȫһˡ
ʦһͬ˺̬Ϸŵúܵͣȫûйȥѱ
˶ͶԱߵʷٷҡ
һеĸı䣬ʷٷҵÿ˵൱ԣûвμսʦҲ˵λѧ󳬺Ѱı֡
ʱͬˡ
ΪʱǺʦҲӦȡһº·ע⵽˵ߣʷٷվ
ʷٷһվ̬ľܿһ䡣
ȣʦվΪʱӦŽһпŽǱߵܲ֮ƺһµϹа
ǵʱѾˡ
ʦһ̬ݶŮҲҾǺʦȻ治ܶļһǺܶʦǿԹͨġ
ǰսܣܶʦѧͽӦ廷Ǳ͵ȥ
ǵҲһΡ
ʷٷҵǰ廷ͺʦǴ඼忪ľ棬ʦϾ廷ռƣ廷ͱȽΣա˫ʦսܶΣҪĿؾԴѧͽԴ廷Ƚʱڣܶʵѧͽʦˡ
ʷٷһڣԭеԥŮ˲ȷˣʦĿǰľȷʵҪ
ͬʷٷҵĹ۵㡣
Ů׿ڱ̬꣬ΪĵĪʦ϶վͳһߣҲСĵصΪȵʦ˵е
λȽϵͣԵĶǴУһոսĸ߽ʦС˵Ƚϰȫ
ŮվΪǽеΪֻͰ֮ȵĺʦŽᣬĺʦǺܿɿ
һķԭԵʦԥ
ʦҲǻŮ˵öԡΪͰ֮ȵĿԳԽˡʦҲΡ
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Ͱ֮ȵĺʦ˺ܴʦ֯ȫڻˮһЩɢĺʦǳû̺ôӵĸĿǰںǿʦ֯Ͱ֮ȡ
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ܿ졣
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ʷٷйϵһϵʦƺԣ׷ȷıʾԽˡ
˵ĻܽŮײ̾ϢһȻǶôΪôͶƱɡ
ͶƱܿ
泬߳ɵʦΪʽˣܽŮ׳Ĭһ漴Ǻá廷ͬͰ֮ȵĽ󡣡
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ܽŮ΢һ֪ʷٷҸԸԸռ̨ϯʦְ񣿡
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ܽŮ׳ǳʱȻҪзǳʱڵĴ취
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ԡʷٷҺܹϵ
ϯŮܽʷٷͬ⣬̾ϢҵԼǺѸԭˡ
廷δԺҪˡ
ݶŮԪسϯʦŮֲ԰ϯʦ
ʷٷҳΪռ̨ϯʦĻôܽŮ׵λñûκεʷٷҳΪռ̨ϯʦľжСȻǵƫʷٷҵġ
ܽŮ׵Ļʷٷҳһ£ܽ¡ܿһ𣿡
ϯŮܽһ£΢Цԡ
ʷٷʾԷֵݹܽŮ׵ƺܱžһĸ֪˳ƽ˶Էڣܿ쵽໥ͻʷٷüͷܽŮڴڡ״̬һɷǳаĸڡ
䣿ʷٷҳԾ̧ͷ
ܽŮջƵͷ̾Ϣһû˵ˡ
鷳ˣ
ѹ廷ôһֱڶβܽŮ׵ľˣǹѧɵ䣬ҿΪʩչͬھ䣡
ĸʦôݣ
Ȼָͬھ䷨
ʷٷĬĬջƣĿǰҲûκεİ취ûʲôͷΪڹѧɵ䲢Ǻ˽⡣ǳаܽŮױʵǿ󣬿Ѿˡ
ƺӦóʱоһ¹򣡡ʷٷҰԵ
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кںʦ֯棬óıǰ֮ȣЩаŮʩչĸ֮֡ȵŮѴ򽻵Ǿôϵ϶Ҫ֪ʶԲ׵óʷٷҿ
Ҫ취



034 Դ
ܿ
ʷٷ뿪ռ̨ʱݶŮ׳ζЦЦԷѾԼŵ飬ôʷٷҲˡ
֮Ů׾Ҫֺܶ࣬ƨƨߵظʷٷһ͵ģǵСϺֱ׵дſҿлҰɡʷٷһΪռ̨ϯʦϢĿǰûд廷ĵĸ߽ʦȦ涼šռ̨ʦʵٶģֲܱ԰ҪһڣĿǰռ̨ûʲôʦΨһһ߶ߡɯǿ϶ܳΪռ̨ϯʦģôʷٷҽλþеӦ
廷ȻȽϿڲɵʦǺܶġ
ʦһ
ʷٷרŹȥγеĶܶ࣬ʦˣѻǱɳռ̨ʮˣһжֻжߡɯ߽ʦռ̨ʦάͧ
ʲô鷳ÿռʯٻҡʷٷ
ʦԵͷšʷٷҸ·ġҲçײµġ
ڴ˴жʦһԪسصĸ߽ʦûг󲿷ѧԺؾڡ
ʷٷʦ󣬱㿪ʼæµоֻճҺ֣ͬʱָһֲ԰ѧͽǡΪʱѧԺڣἸʱһڽεʷٷûа취ѣֻܽһڡ͸ĳħӦá
δǱ
ʸεʦѧͽȫϹˣʽʦҲһٶˣĪʦĬĬذһСһԻʷٷҸ¼ලεѧ
Сʱܿȥ
δֻʷٷҵ˶ĬĬʼǡ
ˡ
ڷ͸ĳħҾͽʷٷһʾ¿ΣŵѧԺ°ҷ˶ʮĽڿΡ
һؽһ·͸ЧĬͷ˲ĳħӦá
ַŻҲ
ǻȥѧϰϽȵĻᱻȡʸġ
̨洫һƬ˷ܽŵؾ
ڳħɵ廷һֱԼΪΪǲûϵͳӦüɣʷٷҽεͨ׶ϸ˼־ú£ڳ˶ջ񡣱Ͼ˰۹ǧĻļ棬ֻҪʦѧͽϵʵʸʼѧϰˡ
ڵķ
ʷٷ¿κŮĬĬغǰС͵͵ش뿪
Ų֪ԼҪ͵Լӽء
ʱ֡
ʷٷԼķоֻճҺӦԺǿӵмѵںԡʷٷ÷ģɳĮĻֻճҺܲӦɳĮԵĻȦɳĮһʱ䣬ſ͵ȥ
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ʷٷջĵ΢磬ǰıճҺѾ൱ήң˿ڲֵĽ档
ֱǾǶħ
ûǿᣬҪȻǵӲһͷħ񱩱ճҺֱģ
ʷٷ˳ȥ̧ͷһ۵ԭǿŮסʲô𣿡
ԷʷٷҼΣֲ԰ԴǱ߹
ʷٷҸ¡ǰŮ׳ʷٷ΢΢Žһӡħӡǵļ˹ѧԺµԴȿһ£ҪûĻħӡǡ
Դ䣿
ʷٷҺֽӹһ۱һ
֮սۺʷٷ廷Ĺ׶ȺȨ޵ȼѾܸˣҪ׷ϹȥƸ߽ʦ
ΪϾ̫죬ԴҲҪǶһЩݶѾҪôˣʷٷҵĳɾĿãѾ˳бԴ
ÿħʯΪ150ö
7ؾδĲ֧Ȩ
11ؾδʮĲ֧Ȩ
̬԰B16ĹȨޡ
úؾC1250%ע50%ĲɺŮ֧䡣
Ȩ޵ȼΪA
ڽʱʱѧԺڲ10000öħʯʣǱδȫ黹ͬʱÿ֧5%ĶáÿʹһΡ

һ嵥дʷٷĿǰĸ
ʦ綼ȽȱٻңħʯԴȻΪʹãǼÿ춼УĦ̩һЩħʯĻʦֻѰĻˡִ󱳾£и߽ʦܹ쵽ħʯ޵ģѧԺһʹķ߽ʦǵ棬Ǿ廷ЩؾԴ֧Ȩ
˵ЩؾĲΪʷЩ׶ȸߵʦ
7ؾҺȥʷٷ°͵
ǰȥߺؾһž޴Ļ廷Ƚϸ߼ؾ
ʱŮȨ޴ժһЩҲЩʵʷٷҵֱųһС硣
ؾ֧Ȩҿ֧ЩؾĲ𣿡ʷٷʵ
Ů׵ͷǵġֻʹڵĲ֧䣬޺ѧԺ°š
ӵؾÿĲм¼ͨѧԺѯ
ЩؾڵԴԼòϵĻҲгۻ߽ѧԺۣǲ۸ʦ
ʷٷҵͷޡ
˵ֱӵ廷ԭʼ飬ܿ㿴7ؾĲԼÿԲ12-15ŻѧԺڲͳһۼ۸Ϊ800öħʯڿ۸ʱʷٷҲɳһû뵽Ů׾Ȼô󷽣ǸʱԸ˰ϡвϸħ
11ؾλϵ
ؾȽϿ԰ԴҪħҩÿĲǼֵ2000-3000öħʯҡ11ؾһСؾ԰Ǳʷٷһûȥ˵һǹŴʦĵ̣ȻΪĳЩԭ˺ܶ飬ɱ˲ٵСؾƬǺʦĻԾشܶɢĺʦڸѰұħֲǿͬʱ԰ͨŵµһƬ
̬԰BͱֳʷٷҵĹȨҪȡúԴϣǳԵԴûбעޣһöħʯɡ
ȨҪǷʷٷѧͽ
ԺĵӾͿֱӽ̬԰BֻҪʷٷҹķΧڣǿԶɱȡԴ
һͷǺؾĲ
һ͵ؾ廷ռƽʷٷӵеĺԼƽңȻƬĲֻõ50%һȽϤĺŮס
ԴȽϼ򵥣ΪʦǾȱǮġ
һöħʯʵȲܸߣֻ˵ȨһСôʷٷ7ؾһĲѾֵһöħʯˡ
ЩԴѧԺȶ롣
Ҳνĵͱ
Ա֤һЩѧԺоɵʦܹÿǮǿԴĻһ߽ʦ˵Ҳ㹻á廷еʦ룬ѧԺħʯʵ̫ˣ߽ʦҲѧԺʦܻһ㣬ʵսʦҪˡ
廷һЩḻĿԴ
˵ĳƬħʯֿڸ˵ģѧԺֱӹѧԺĿⷿάѧԺճת
ܹ䵽ʦеĴ󲿷ؾԴ
ʷٷҴ¼һ£ԼԴճάķ⣬ÿ15000-18000öħʯҵ롣
ȻʷٷȥؾĻ뻹һ㣬ɴﵽöħʯϡ
Ǹȥؾ϶ǽѧԺȥһĻÿ궼5000-6000öħʯҵĹ֧֧Ĵͷ7ؾͺؾ11ؾÿҲҪħʯĹ֧߽ͨʦڻؾȨ޵£ǽԼѧͽȥʷٷҲûʲôõóֵѧͽֻܹͨȥ
˫̥һֱڶŮ״ֲ԰һֱһСţһЩ츳õѧͽǺ׬Ǯ顣
ûʲô⡣ʷٷ̧ļԼħӡǡ
廷ǱȽϺġ
һӽöħʯؾѧԺڶѾһݸнˡ
ǰǰټԴԼÿħҩϵķ䣬廷ƽһʷٷҪ֧ӽöħʯҲ廷ƴֶԴڲԱô󷽣ʦ֯Դ϶֯ĹϷˣľһˮˮеͲĺʦȫҪԼȥԴ廷棬ǸոչѧͽҲзħʯֻҪر˶ܻάֽĻԴҪ
ʷٷҺϲ廷
ĳЩƶ廷ܱȰ۹ʱڵѧԺԽȻһеǰỹ廷άסڵĲ
ҲΪʲôÿѧԺΣʱеʦܲսԭ

ע廷ԴӽһԪسأŰٷ֮ʮֲ԰ʣٷ֮ʮռ̨Ԫسصʵսʦһֱսĺ


035 äŮ׻ᣨһ
һƬߵɳĮС
һŰһӳڸʵͱϡ
ϰֻ࣬Ƿɫƫ࣬°ȴתĿ磬е绡λӵͫԾŵǿ˿ܣ΢΢üӦþ
ӥ⸽ֹ
̡
ŵ΢춯һЩĳӴӵ˹Ǹһֱ̧лֱӽи롣
ɳĮħǵǿʦ
Ӱڿն
ԪسطϵǿսϵҲһôǾԪػɣǿԻɷе
ȫҪκεķ
ֻҪϵԪػɣоǵһֱܣҪһ˷ϵԪػĻرãս滹ÿڳŷ籩绯תʦߵþǷ籩Ԫػ·ߣΪǿһʱÿȥ׵Լ
ݶŮеҲԼ·ǰʵٶҪ΢һ㣬սǺܸߵġ
Ըָҷ򣡡
ʦĸһ⣬ŷϢʼۣƮ΢磬ŶϷָ
Ը۲ɼķ֮鹵ͨ
Ǳ߷ˡʦӰһɢֱӳŶϷȥ
廷ڶӥĳֺ⡣
ѧԺڣ廷ϯʦǸӥģΰʦϾʹŹȥµĻռǣϣԻöӥİ
ޱ޼ʵĺϡ
һҸͧڳǰȥװ߰˸ʦæµʦһվܡ
ƯĴ󺣣
ʵΪ˵еĲǺˮ෴ϲ󺣵ϲޱ޼ʵĺչ߷ɡܿϧϵĺѾȾķΧѾԽԽΪɳĮĹϵˮСһЩѾɿ¶˺׽ṹ
ŮcվԱߵͷšĺ
ϣҲָܻԭӣ
һߵĸ侫ӳĬֻԶ΢΢񣬰ſǲʺ纣𣿿Ư˵кܶóԵģ
ʺ纣
һƬǳĺ
Ϊ߲ɺԼֲɫֲƣƬҲ൱ΣգҪжԵ΢е࣬ǳλþ߲ʻߣҧһڵĻʮھͻȻڻижˮĸ͵ĺĿٵĺȺ
ʦĻͨҲǳΧڻһ¡
ǿǱߣħһֱŽĬĬվţͻȻƷʲô
Զĺϡ
һҵɱڽУͷڸһͷƬѪȾ˸Ȼ˸ʳߡЩǹؼڣעĿЩϵļһļ󲿷ںܽӽͷλá
ƬѾȾˡ
Щ壡
ʦһгĬȻ̩ĦѰҶԸ֮ǵİ취ʱԽԽãѾĵڶ԰ϣĦ̩ϸһˡ
ɱķΧԽԽ
żĻۣһЩ𽥳Żķչ
ںܿ츽һ
ű㿴һЩǿ׳ĺͷ֣ǰΧЩѸٷǽΧˡĦ̩ĺܴȻ󻷾ʺģӵеǻȴ٣ԽԽƵħ֣Ҳʼ
С
һյĴԺ̤˶ʦϣ·ϳλǿߣԺԶԶسʦʾ⡣
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ʦ΢΢ʮ
ϵĸ߽׺ſһСγɵ֣űǱ˺С
Զ
֪ĴŮcеݵ
ʦЦЦḧһԴû˵ϰߺǱʷٷҸȾġʦûԼãйԼİˣѾΪػ顣ڰ֮ʦ¿ߵԼһȢӣҲټ̳λȨȫеһС
c˵ͺԼŮ
δ¿ոĻҵѪҲ봫ȥʱcõѡ
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һάδϰλȶ
廷
ʷٷҰѱճҺȦɳĮнʵʱԤߡǴϢѾټäŮ׻ĳԱʷٷҿʱȥԼء
ϴȥǵʱʷٷ˿ռ䴫
ηҪ׺ֻܶ࣬Ϊ̫Զʩʱ΢е㳤Ħ̩ĻԣٲһصĴƫ
һ׹⸡֡
ʷٷҵӰֱӳäŮ׻ĸڡ
ʷٷҸ¡ˡԤߡڴ˵Ⱥ
λ߽Ůףһ꼶űȽϴԼĪʮӣһҪһ㣬ҲʮꡣŮ׵ǲжϵģֻΪܵĺˣ˥ϻĳ̶ȡ
ʷٷҵͷӦּ𣿡
ԤߡѾˡʱԳ
äŮ׻δˡ
Ůֻһ֣һǵļˣĿǰĻǺܺãϣҲתƵȫĵط
ʷٷվڸϿ˿棬еʯѾͬʱǽϻѲߣλڴſڴƺһϻԵ˺ۡ
һǰһħԤߡ
ʷٷҵͷû˵
٤޴½ĻǵعϡҰַܵ൱ֻ࣬ʺħ棬ܹԾ˵ٶɢ
Ѿû˵ķʢ˶еȥҴɫš
ֵкܶѲߣԿʦӰһЩħ壬ǰʱƶʬƺ汻Ⱦˡ׶ѧɺѧɶĿǰľûʲôƢ𱩵ıѧʱڳĶࡣ
ĿǰǵǿĹװسǳء
׼þͶɡʷٷһ
ǵľ̫ڻңҶ߲ѺãʷٷҲ̯ˮС
ף
ϣʷٷҵһɨƷʲôͣ˽Ųȥ׼Һһˡ
ڶֵĺͬһеϤӰ
һС͵



036 äŮ׻ᣨ
ŮסӰ
ʷٷںؾһС͵
һļһȻ廷ĸ߽ʦȫڵȥȥ͵ʷٷǡӵ1ŵĻҲ̫ܷͨǱصŮסȻԷһ̶ȵαװ޷ӳʷٷҵķۡ
˿ɫƺеæϵϢܻǣض˺ͬ档
ʷٷһӣһһѧߴӣԱߵԤߡҳȥһ¾ͻ
˵ֱʧǰ
ͬڡ
ӰתһƬӰ˿̾ҵشϢţϴһ˿̬̺죬еǱޱȵӡ
˭
·ǸӦʲôһ˲両һѾذףֱӾҪ˹ȥ
ʱԱԴϷʵϣ벻ٴμ⸱Ǳģ

ӰŮ״̳ȥذ˻Ȼ˫ͼһ棬ⱲӳԹĿ࣬ǺסĿҲô
ʣ
ʷٷұ֮һ
ôǣӰŮ׳䱸ӰУһѧ߳۵ӡ
ʷٷ˳´ǰŮףüˣ
ǣ
㾿˭ˣô׶
ӰŮ״˿ģΪҡ
ĸλһƬĿĵ˿ڣеѪģܹһЩ΢СĶ䶯׶ѧɵġ߳һֺԵķͨ˼˲ͻһ̯Ѫ⡣
Ӱϳ׶⣬ʷٷһ֪Ϣ
ƺǶ䣡
ӰŮ׸ոҪ˵ʷٷͻȻִ˵˹ˡ
˵ꡣ
ֱץסǰӰŮףһ̾Ĵʧ
ԼǰӺ
߽ͬʦΪߴŹĺɫߣ˿ܵҡ
Բˡ
ڡ
һʱ䣬Ԥߡ㷢ʷٷҴһ˵Ůס
üһ۵ʷٷҸ£ʲôˣ
֪ʷٷҡͷѧɵ˺׷ɱҿ˳־Ȼˡ
˵úءԤߡһɨΪȵӰȻôᱻѧɵ׷ɱ
ʷٷ̧ͷҲʶ
ԤߡͷһΡģȽ˼̡
ӰŮǾ֣һǺľ֣еǡ׻顯ͷǰɫƤҲǰɫΨͫѤĺɫϿӵһ۾ͿԼסλŮ׻ְ˴̿͵ʵӦ˵Ǻǿ벻ξȻ˵ôء
Ԥߡ£Ϊ˲еԺӰŮ̧ͷһͻȻ
ģҲ˼̣ϿһξͲǡ
ǡô˵ôأΪʲôѧɵҪ׷ɱ㣿Ԥߡ
ڿԷһ˲䣬ʶؽһռһЩǺܺõƬΣƺǸѧйء
£кҪϢҪ㣡
ӰŮվΪԵ൱
ʷٷҿһ۵ȸ˰ɡ
Щ߳治ˡ취
ʷٷҵĻӰŮʶؿһԼĸűǻһһ˿Ҳɢˡ
Դ׶ҿԼ˿ڣΪЩ䶯߳ʵ̫ˣһ۾͸еͷƤ顣Һ־ᶨŮףŮԿԼµ˿ڣһ˲͵ιȥˡ
ڵȴȥ˿ڡԤߡ
׶ǳа
ֶͨûãѾڲȰ˵ĵطȻڵĶء
ʷٷҺ׶ѧɡ
ЩȫãǱɶ壬һĿĻˡ
֮£ʷٷҸԸһɱˡ
ҪһĻ׶ѧɵķе䡢ʷٷѾΥԼʷٷһûôţƵʱ׶ѧɵгԹǴεĽѵ˵һӶ̡
׶ѧɲǴʦѧɡ
ԭе׶ɣʷݱУ׶ʦƽ⣬ʦǿʼаݱڵ׶ѧɡ׶ѧɵʦ˲ǧ˿ƵĹϵڲнѪĴͳŸǴʦɣʦĽ塣˻ϳܻͬӭѧ⣬ʩҲٸ׶ѧɵ˴򽻵
˵ҲȤ
Щŷɫ׶ѧʦʱҲһ˹ı顣
Ǻݵ²Ҫİɡ


037 äŮ׻ᣨ
٤޴½ǡ
ʦĿͷڣԤߡڸҹŮƣäŮ׻ĳԱƫڸʣǶڲҩѧо׶ĵĵطаһ෨Ըͨ˺ЧǶԸһЩ˾ͲǺܹˡ
͵ľǺʦΪܶʦںаѪԶڲ׶ߡ
٤޴½ߵʦԱȲںʦ
ҹŮȻǺĴ̿ͣҲͨʿˮƽ׶˺ܴˡ
£
ڣҹŮѺѹ׶ѧɵħʵ飬ǰиѪĽͽᡣ
Ȼ
ҹŮ׵ĻԤߡ鲢û̫ı仯̾ϢһȻ֪ˡ
һġ
֣
ΪʲôԤߡ̬侲Ϣѵһ㶼Ծ𣿻˵Ѿ֪ˣ
ʵϣԤߡҲǸող֪Ϣ
һ㲻ͬˡ
Ѿʷٷǰƶ֮أߵһв඼ˡ
һֱ٤޴½ľƶеҲ׶ѧɺѧƬʵܴ󣬳ѧɺͱѧɿ֮⣬ѧҲǼзˡ˵ʵ㹻ǿ󣬿äŮ׻ͷչ
һѾеˡ
ʵϡ
ԤߡѾеĻ䡣
һԤԵѷʱڸ֮䣬ϣǿ֧ԮϹаĵһֹ˵š
Ǻܿϧʧˡ
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049 ʬħ
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ʷٷȻյȴûںϣҪȫںϣҪںǷǳѣʷٷԵЧѾǺܶˡŰʱں1ֵٶȲܸİ
һöɨһսʷٷһ֣
ʷٷһӣЩڰе꾧ʯǷֱ䵽Щʦǵġ廷ƶȴûгԶʳϰߣԸʬħЩҲ˺ܴʷٷȻҲһ˳Զʳöɫ꾧ʯһֽЩ콩ʬ꾧ʯָˡ
ʬħɾ꾧ʯ
ʬħ꾧ʯЩ˿ԼԦģʷٷҲҪſʹá
ö꾧ʯǿ
ʷٷҵĹƣһ漶ħƷΪһҪϡ
벻ﻹôѶԸĹʦߵʷٷҵԱߵ
ʷٷҵͷû˵
Ƭ½սȼȷʵܸߣ˵ƶ֮صƽսȼ1ô٤޴½ƽսȼ3ںƽսȼ5ƽսȼܴﵽ10+
Ƭ½ϴǳΣյĹ
Ħ̩Ƚ⣬ȻûĴڣǻȴطһ㡣
Ϊڵ綼ǳעЩԵ˵һ࣬ܶӪ鶼᳢շ£kǣͺϷϲռһͬʬħֹﶼаϵǰϵ᳢֧ʬħһ˵綼߲ԸϷˣһͷԶ޶ͬʱüСϣԲĦ̩вٵʷٷϡ
Ҫ׵İ취̷Ϊkǵѡ񣬵ʷٷôܳΪѡġ
ǿʦ̫ԸΪѡΪֹǰĵ·ȻΪѡѸٻǿޱȵҲζܵƣʹòԼ϶Ҫ۵ģѡһĴĽֶǱڡ
ս⡣
ʷٷҵǸʬħ׷ϵʦϣֻɨһ۱㲻üͷʦ
Ȼкʦ
ʷٷһ֣ǸʦĶñ㱻ժһе۵ӳǰɫ΢԰ף͸һ˿̬ɢʦϢᲢ󣬹ƻʮ꣬Ѿнӽ߽ʦˮ׼ԷģüĿ㣬Դһͷ˵ӵʵʵ˸е⣬ֻż˲ôͳΪ߽ʦ
ˣʷٷһץ㽫һöĻռץ˹
ʲô֣
ǰĺʦ΢е㺦£Գһ£Сǣ
˵ӽںĿǴһʺ纣ķԡ
һʦôôƬ½ģʷٷҵԱߣһλռ̨ĸ߽ʦ
һ˶ǳ;ġ
ûиͧĻǸͲܿԽ޾֮ǰĺʦʵҲǸ߽ףط
ʵԸЩʬ̫ס
ҡҡǰ΢е۵ĺʦֹԥ˺ܾöû˵ƺ֪νԼĳ֡
һﵽ߽ʦˮ׼ˡ
ܻʮ꣬츳廷ܵӣ˵ĵطˡʦǾԻΪĵܷŵôΣյĵط˻ûнôԶ
ʷٷƽ
ǰ˵ʵеŹ֣һķȻǿȴȫƿأͺǱǿߵ߽ʦˮ׼Ҫʬħһ·׷ɱʷٷķʬħовͷﻹһֱ׷ɱ
ϾʲôҪĶ
Ҫǰĺʦʱ
ǺܿϧķûãվߵȫǴмһվǿԵֵڵĦĦĴڡ

һռ̨ĸ߽ʦϣǰʦĴ汻ͳһѵĶ
һСѵĻƽ
Ŀ̫ͳƣӦаҡ
ϰöıʯ
Ʒʿ㣬ʮöʯԼöħʯ
ʮö꾧ʯ
϶нϣ꾧ʯʮ飬󻹷һöǳɫĴƷ꾧ʯ
ʮħװ
ҪǸķƷͷָǱȽϸ߼֡
Ӱ˵Ķɡ
ѵһ
һ죬ǰʦĶڳ˿ǲɳһΪǰһĻƽȹǣ
һȫɻƽȹǡ
ϸȹǼһģһȹǣǷ൱ĳأͬʱɢһɼΪ
ˣ
һεɢ
ǸĻƽȹɲǼʷٷҵģ˲ưس˺ʦǰֱӵֽǴҵģ˭ģ
kģ
ʷٷеľٶʦ¶ѯ֮ɫ
ʷٷǰЩŴĺʦתһʦĿ



050 

ٶ˵֣׵kжôµȴûж٣
ϣͨ
kǾһۿʯͷ̬֣ĳЩʯĹͷ̬֣˵һõֹǻ߼ǡ
һֺǿ
ΪkǵڲͬκһֶԵһֵ֮Ϊһעһͬʱ
ͬӵʩ
ȴ԰̫ʧҲǺķһkǵõkǲòһЩָʵӵתϻҪkǼ˵ѣͨҲλʱĻ
ſkǾͶԴ淨һ޶ıԼνźͿƱϹ޵оС
kյĿǻһЩλĿȨΪkӮø
ֿ´ڵĳ־ΪԷµıݣϵʱʼ㲻ʩΪתΪһֵΪ˸һоһİأ˻ͻƵΪǿޱȵİ
Եǡ꡿kǿԲκλ꣬ӡʯ棬ձɵkһ֡
ǲǺϤ
еϵɱ˶ȡûһ
ӵкֲܿʩŸߵȼġ־⡿κθkǷӴĻ˶ܡ֮ĻжһʧֱӾǻӲ˲ˡֹ˺ӵкֲܿĻͬʱԴ󲿷ֵķȫߣҪɱkһѵ顣
Ļսȼ27+
ʷٷΪʲôǰĺʦǿķȴȫˣΪЩͲԼģ˼пܱǴ˵еİ
ʷٷҸ¡ߡɯʷٷҵһ
ΪλʩߣȻ֪ĺ壬ʾʷٷʹһЩرֶΡ
ظͧʷٷҳ
һ˺ܿ췵˸ͧڡ
ȫյĴڣʷٷҵĸһųϢüעǰЩɪɪʦԼ˵
ҰԿʣ
ʦкܶȡֶΣʷٷѧоҲ١
԰һ˵ȫȡӡĳЩϣֱתƵһЩڡֶʷٷҲ̫õǰϣ˵ΪͬԷڽпкҪ;ΪǸƽȹķӡǧܵ½ҵضʲôԭġ
ҡ˵ԶʱŵĲУǺʦȻ֪ʦжֶοԿһ˵ꡣ
ʷٷҵͷʾԱߵĶߡɯ׼ԵķŵǺá𡣡
˵ѵĻ̫ˡ
ʱһһȥ
ʦĵĵȴϢʱʱᴫʹĲҽżԿ˸ĵ⡣
һСʱ
ʷٷһ˵Ӱٶȳ֣˿ǵıΪأʦҲһüͷӡ
ԵķЧ£Ǹʦ飬һʼҪ˵ѣôùߡɯȻܵʷٷҵĳͽ䣬˶һǺвĵ˺ۡ
ʦʶ̶ֳȵҪ
ľеĻҪ򵥡
Ϊʦıûָʹȫ½ģǸĴڱǴ˵еġ
Ҫһǰ˵
Ǹʱ򰬵ǻֻһͨĺʦ츳ӣҲ޷ȡԴľѡ˱Ƚϲ淨Ǿ̽һЩΣյĹŴż
ͨ£ʵȴôɵˡ
ǰһ㲻һҲڤڤһ˵ľˣһЩΣյӰʱȻһǶűʯĹƽͷˡ
û
ۿǶűʯĻƽͷǰ
kǺԼһʧ壬Ϊ˵kԸ̵֪ʶҴλ֪ĶҲ٣ΪܵĶǿе־塣տʼе̻̲ڻصװ˹ȥһֱѹԼľֺ󣬳ԹӵĳУһ󵨵뷨𽥸Ժ棬հǾλ˻ȡ
ǵһѰҵĶһ˫ƽֹǡ
˫ƽֹǱڶشһƬĹУʱŽҳһЩǳΣյԹѪڰǰ׼һЩǿװҸ챦ʯԴķѸʵӼǽ˻»һİǳˣkϵشڰһЩķ֪ʶͬʱ걦ʯΪʦ
ͷİǸеղܣ̶̰ʱͳо֡ΪĸԸѰ壬ͬʱλ֤ɹѷӡհΪϯѧͽ
ò˵ǵܲ
ܿ죬ڰİǰ٤޴½Ԩ޿ҵ˰һ֣kŴʦǷӡĻƽɡ
Ű˰ԼŵĽѸٳΪ˸߽ʦʵѾƽԼĵʦ
½һվ
аӡ˫ȣǺܺãȻɹҵ˰ȣȴΪĳЩԭ˹ŴĹڳ˯еʬħ
ʬħʼ׷ɱ
ǲòǸƽȹӣڰౣĶҲһֱֵʷٷҵĵ
ĺƺ͵ΪֹˣΪΪʷٷҵĽ
ò˵
һľ棡Ҳõе֣ߡɯ
һ츳ʵͨĺʦȻҴе֪鱨ȥЩط൱Σգսȼ10+Ԩ޿٤޴½Σյĵط֮һһ߽ʦʱУԼʦʱѾڲõ˰ӡɣɹԶľ׷ɱҪ֪ǿǴλĹ
ͬҲڽ췢
Ϊһӵĸ߽ʦǿޱȵʬħһսȼ͸ߴ19+ĿֲǰԤѵҴʬħôԶ΢һˣ¸Ѿʬħɵˡע뺣򲢲ԶʬħУӵߵĻǲʷٷҲпѡ
һпһ˾˵ļһʷٷҵ
Ԫڡ
ܻôһЩõը
һݵĻôģ塯ʲˡʷٷҶԴ˵ҲǷǳ棬ΪһЩӵģļһЩһĳЩ¼ĳЩӵ쳣˵˸оʲô鶼ڰһЩ¼ķΧǵֱø˲ˡǿģӦǱƺΪλ֮ӡЩһЩ˲뿪Լ磬ֺõըʧˡ
˵Ļʷٷҵ߾һӵСģ塯ˡ
Ǹ˾ʦ
ϣôʦ֮ӣڰ֮˿ȫܰ쵽飬ЩʷٷҶ̫Ҳܰ쵽ʦֺĦ̩Ϻּ࣬ĿǰϵȫȲǻġ˵֮ǻûʦѸôͲҴλ񶼲ػΪ׳پʦһɵġ
ʷٷһܺõļһǶ
һԸо˶õļһҲǺؾΨһҴߣֻĺ˶;͵Զ͵͵ȥ棬ʷٷʦʱ֪ȥ
ҪȻʷٷҲҪҪݺݵسһ١ȴһֱûж֡
ƺҲһˡ
ĿǰľʦȲʦҪȶһ㡣
ԪһЩԴרģߴԵСŮǣǲԴˣһԸף˵ǸıһУܻõһ淢չһ㣬µʱܻһ㡣
һصרӢˡ
ʷٷӵרǺˣһּΪֶγΪˡ֮⡯ˡ
һš
Ҳ̽һǸĵϸʷٷһ
һӡİ϶Ǹ˻¡
һŴʦӡİôȫȷǸ˺ܴܴĻ£
ΪŴʦѾˡ
ܹǶȲ취ӡİ϶һ·Զ˵ļһ



051 Ŵ
ޱ޼ʵĶԪУģǹ㷺ڵ顣
һ˵κεĴ¼жһЩڣǵʱȷʵҪ˸߳һڡνҲԶԣĳðһ¼ʱ˼ѣһа¼ֻһȽϸ߼һڻңʱпܻƨҵгĶð߶ܹһʱǰܷһֱάȥĴ¼Ƿô˾ͺ˵ˡ
ǿ߾Բ¡
ʷٷҲŻԼϵġӢˡ׵Ϊ֮ˣԶ㶨˲߲͵£Ҳ˵ʷٷҵ̫õҲ̫˻еùʱ򣬵ǵùֻʱתʱ
һ仰˵ʷٷĳַʽ֮ӣֿںһˡھʱҲһ
ܲܰסҪʵˡ
Ȼ
ҲʲôֻܵһֶڷգҪǿԱŮĴȣʷٷǾԲⱻ˹⻷ֵġǺܿϧûŮְֻ취ǿƽԼʱˡʷϲһЩĳЩʱõըǽֵù͸ļһ˳Ϊǿ飬ǽžǸֵùѸ䡣ʷٷҵҲȻҪⷽǰ׼һ¡
һ·ߵзкл϶һһӡǰߡⶫֻܴһֵĳЩתһܳ׸ıʲô
СŮǵðɣ
Ȼľ֮顣
ΪŴʦĲɱûʷٷҵĳֲ֣԰Ůһ֧СŮҲһ֮ǵҴͶݣþóֵĽ϶˼ֵ˼ֵҲʵһ֣ȴһܹı¼Ľ֡
˵Ǿһӵģˡ
ԭĹ켣Ҳķ֮һǺܿϧʷٷң˼ֵĽҲûиıʲôǱʷٷҵķ²
ʷٷҾԵʵǰûκ;ȫʷٷҵһ֮䡣
Ҫʵȥˡ
һſȥ˵úܲң
ͧϡ
ʦվʷٷҵԱߣʷٷҸ¡ǽô죿
ʷٷҵߴеĻƽȹջأǰҪ黹Ѱҡ֮ǴҪġ
һᴦҲ̫ڵġ
Դ֮ǱĦ̩ϵӡʼɶkǵһѷӡΣĿ꣬ڰǰ滹һӼټ٤޴½Ѫô¾ֻܹŵԺˡ
kѰԼ嶼Ҫ˰æʷٷұжϳĿʵʮһ
½ϻһ֪ӡأ
ʷٷѾеծ಻ѹĸоˣֻһһȥĳֶ˵δһ£ΪŰƣҲ취һ֡
Ҫ֪ɵһֻǴ󲹵ģ
ˡߡɯʷٷҸôǿеЩŴˡ
ҪԸǽӴ𣿡
Ӱǿ׳Ҫ鱨ȻǰǴʦĿл֪һЩ鱨
˵½ϵġŴˡ
һȺࡣ
ЩŴ˵Ƥһɫߴ࣬ԸҰײУ߹ԣǵĿǺܶ࣬ɢ½ܡŴӵʩķȫ츳ģǱ׼ġʿģ壬ֻʩչԼյĳЩ
½Ҵߡ
һ֧ʧȥĵ࣬ŴڶޱȵĻз˱죬ΪȾԭ򣬹Ŵ˵ͨߣëѪԭʼ˵ʱһ֧Ŵ˲䣬ͱǸץȥԵˡ
滷ӰǺܴġ
ͺǰ֣ˣ˺ͺˣ޵Ϊԭչٶȱ½ʮǧ͵Ҳɴڲٵԭʼ䡣½ĹŴ˾˵Ĳǵ̬ǳӽԭʼˣҪǿѾˡ
пٽӴɡ
ЩŴ˲ֵͶ̫ľʷٷҵ
˻ͽܳ
ŴӦǱ˵һ֧ΪӦӻ֡
ǴӳȻĽǶ˵ǽ˲ʺȻ·ߣһ˵ֻҪǽڷܳϣͨпܵһֵǽࡣһ֧ı־ǡܾѡ͡Ӧǰ鹵ͨΪǽûпģ˵Ӧԣ˵ƤϷ仯Ի޺޶ӡ
ʷٷҵĸճǴͨǽ磬ǷԺͻῪʼǽ֡
˵ǻࡣ
ֻ츳ı䣬ǽԴҲȽϵͼһ߻սʿܶǵʷٷ˵õתֻС塿һֱϵĸı䣬ɴ̼ķΧЩоĿ֮һڽʵʷٷҷǽ˵Ĺǿͨ˵1.5ܶͨ˵1.8
ǽյĻ£ʤ̭Ȼ򽫷ֵʶˡ
ʷٷҶڹŴ˵Ȥ
һ֧ʧȥַ֧ʱǿҲûʲô;ʦڹŴ˵ǺܸȤǶڹŴʦһжܺ棬һֵռ̨ʦڿҪҪץһЩŴ˻ȥо
½սȼ10+Ŵ˿ôսȼҲ10+ʷٷҪҪһǡ
ЩһﲻСıŴץȥԵˡ
ɳĮ
ǵɳĮˣt̨ϴһ
ʷٷ̧ͷȥ͸峿һƬߵɳĮǰ
ͼأ
ѵͼóһλռ̨ĸ߽ʦ
ʦֵܾһŵͼǵͼϻĵ˭Ҳ֪ΨһΪ־ľһķҪҵ֮λãͱƬɳĮҵķ
ݵͼݵĻҲʮ׸ߡ
Ϊʱ̫ھԶʷٷҶ֪ڲڣһСıٵĻѰһ൱Ĺ̡
ҸطӸʼɡʷٷҿɳüͷ
еǴ롣
ԱߵʦǶ־ҵ֮ģ
ˡ
һģ岻Ļôģô
ʷٷһ˼ı飬ŶԱߵʦŰһжСĶҲܹæ
ʦдʱ˵ˡ
Ҳѵļһ
ƬɳĮѰҡ֮ĺѣʷٷҾһģУģӦüʻܶɣ
ͧϡ
ոձ˴ӽİһ±ƣԼҲŪΪʲôͻȻЩ廷˾ҪæһȥѰһҪ֪ǷʲôΪЩ˿ŵɣΪΪ⣬ҲֻӲͷƤʦһ˵
£ίеǿ϶ȥˡ
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ͧϡ
ʷٷЦеؿһ±ƵİǸʦһԶȥ
Ϊʲôѡ˰ǣ
kܼܲһ˾ͰԼȥһЩӡɣ԰ΪʲôѡаǰæʷٷΪʲôʦһжԭ
֮ǳҪ
һ˵Զôã
ȻôãǾͲҪ˷ʲôƨϣҵ˵еġ֮ã
¡
ʷٷҸҪ׼ȥ𣿡ߡɯ
ʷٷԵͷšȥ
ʱͰˡʲôʱ֪ͨҡ
һʱʷٷҲܽѵʱ˷ߣҴʦ϶Уʷٷһûȥɸճǵĵһڽƻ
ʦҲҲ֮ĻʷٷҾ͸ӲˣҲûʲô塣
šˡߡɯͷ
ʷٷһֱ˵ڶ죬ٵĺöһЩӦҩƷǶٶ
ǸĻƽȹҲʷٷҴˡ
ⶫк棬ʷٷ׼ȥ΢졯һ£Ҳܸĳһϲ
ĳɰܾͿʦˡ
ʷٷҲֻŮʦľܹôһ㣡
֮ļֵǿһ˸˽ѧҵĻʷٷҲпоɱϹаİ취ʷٷҲûϹаǻϹаȴѽ䳹Ū
֮һӴļ壬ʷٷÿŪһϹаkһ֡



052 ճǣ
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ʷٷҵӰվʦĶˣԱԤߡӴħڳʦڲۣѾγһУħļʷٷֱͨ˵µӴɵ˳ʦӿռ̨ˮһڵѸɳܸ𵭵ɫâ
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ʯϣſ˫һȦ˸㳡ϣʷٷҵŮѾڸһħæµʲô
ʼװճǣ

׼2Ÿջ
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ʮäŮ׻ĳԱѾڴ˴Ϊ׵ĸ߽ŮһʦǱѾ׼ˡ
ʼгܣ
һŮ׽ַǰˮϣһɹɵۣϿʼһɫģһ޴ԲǰֱһңÿʮױһɫˮڰС
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䣡
жҡһ£ʷٷҵ´ٶĵƵϿʼЩ֧ŵʯں¡¡ľУٶ֮һͻȻһƺʱȥһЩԵĵشѾȫѣʯ׹䵽¿նڣĸջΪģֱرԵһĿԲѺۣݵıԵطһƺ̾ͻ¡
һɢˡһ촫ƬͻȻȶʼһһ

Ŀ꿪ʼգ
ž޴ӰͶ£ǿٶϱѳƯ˰УͺһӴɽŴʯ׹һЩȫɺʯɵĹװǰ
صıԵϱѣһĥ̴ʯͷ׹Ƶľ졣
Χ̫ҪĲְ룬ְ칹װ˱棬Ƭյسʷٷҵĸȥ˫ͬһ߶ʱԵװһ
ɵĺʯ΢ĹâȻƴӵһ˲䣬ħ쵽Ƭϡ
Ϊʯ20
ΪʯЧ
Ϊʯչ
ʮĹâ֡
ʷٷҵӰɵУշȳӵıԵʩչͬ׼ʩԤߡԼʮλäŮ׻ĳԱһӣ𽥱˼̵ʯЩƴĺۼʧƬƬ򶼱ʯṹ
ٶĵϡ
𺳵עǰһУѾڿʼľŵ̱˵ϡ
찡ɽˣ
˼飡
ֱ񼣣ֻʩչΰ
һƬƬľ
ͨˣЩäŮ׻ĳԱֻǺ׷ʷٷҵְҵߣ˿̶𺳵עзһСǵǰڰеɽѾʼںΪһӿȵ籩Уʯ飬ħʼһ
ʷٷҸӵе𣿡Ų˽
ˣȿ˹Сݵա
˺ԽԽǿˣΪʲôҸоԼѾûܻˣʯϣᣬƺ޹⡣
۹棡ˣһ氡һûûεڵϽš
ʦܽСɴ۾һУ㽡
ʦ𣿡èŮ̼૵
µ籩ʼڲʷٷշŵһ͸ɢʼӲסķΧճǵһڵĸƻӴ󣬲ҪٶһأͬʱҪúʯ磬ħķΧҲҪţҪ쵽ƬŵϡʷٷһȥĻǿҪķ൱ʱ䡣
ΪӹԤߡĿǰҪʽŮףڸճǵһڵļƻгС

ʽΪճǣ


053 ƽһ
ʦĶˡ
ʷٷҵӰƮ쿴൱Ĳһֱȫż٣Ͽᣡ
ʱӽʱ䣬ʷٷ½Լĸճǡ
ȻĿǰʵǻָ˽ӽ߽״ˮƽҲǴ25ʩȼӣǽճǵʷٷսѾԴﵽְҵȼ30ϡճǶʦļӳ൱ˣֻҪħķΧڣʷٷҵħԴﵽƽʱʮϣǴλķҲ׵ʩչЩһĵͼֻҪԵͿһֱʩչȥ
1ţ
ݻһµǰճǶҵӳ֣ʷٷҷԸ
ܿ졣
1űĻеϣ
ǰճΪ̬
ħķΧڣ˵ķ300%ָٶ500%Զ㶨ħǿЧԶ㶨ħЧԶ㶨ħĬԶ㶨ħ͸ʩٶ΢ӣԪ׺΢ӣ
ǰͳƳݣʷٷصͷŵһħ˵Ч
ܿ졣
1űĻеٶϣ
ħķΧڡ
ѷʩߵķ30%ָٶ50%Զ㶨ʩר
зʩߵķ30%ħԷӡְҵȼ5ʩߵʩǡطӡǡԷӡְҵȼ10ʩߵʩ
ħǸħԼһġ
ʷٷĿǰֽħʽһǳΧԽħԽ弶µʩȫϵڶطӡǱĿְ꣬ҵȼϸߵʩߡΪĿǰħûв꣬иճǺħļӳ֣ʷٷҲ޷ӡְҵȼߵʩߡϸ߽ʦڸճܵӰͱȽСĿǰʷٷҲûʲô취ΪĽħ൱ѣһʱŪ
Ȼ
δ϶ҪһħģΪʦְҵļһ̫ˣҲܰЩȫɱħǶǽгͷĺõط
ˣ
ϿûʲôóԵİ˹ĵ
һᵽԺͺܿģһ͸о綼˶⡣
ҲΪĺܺãʷٷ΢ЦԴšġϿ϶кóԵġ
ʱ䱴ŮҲҪˡ
ֲ԰СŮѾ˼ʮļ㱴ŮٶѾ죬ҲҪȥŮ׽ӹ
Ŀǰ˵ЩҲӦ֪ˡ
֮ǵвѾԽԽɢkɱٶӣȥÿ϶Ѫ£ѾüѪ³֡ʷٷҸоһսڱƽԲʦһѰҡ֮ʱ䶼ûС
廷һɺҪ⿿ʷٷһ˶Ը֮ǲġ
ʱ֡
ڽճǵڶڵĸƻŮʺʷٷұ㶯廷
ŮײܾãҪǻȥŮĻ´˶Ҫ˹ʷٷҵˡ֪ǲʷٷ̫ǿƣŮǰһûΪʦӣտʼѧͽͳʷٷҶǾʷٷץʷٷҶ˵̬ȱȽ⣬ߴ˵˶Ըܵͺ˫̥úŮףʷٷҶǶһƽȵġ
Ϊһ㣬ŮǲŻоƢܺ÷ǳ˵
ʦڡ
ʷٷ뿪󣬋㿪ĵȥˡ
˸˼٣ǿ˳ȥܽСˡΪϻһӣܽСദã˶Ǵһ
Ų˵ĸۡ
鷿ڣܽСһ鼮ĶţԴӾ׸ʷٷҺŲ˱ۡᵽ˸ϣⶰסլ۵λã׷߶סڸԺĿǰճǵľҪְҵߣ󲿷ڸŲ˵ˣʿӣһֵľӣðߣϾĸߵ˵ȵȡճǵͨƽ񻹺٣ҪԺŻǨһֹ
ʦԪƿص⼼ɡһ̫סԸҽһܽСͻȻ̧ͷ
ԱߵԤߡԵͷšﲻףҿ
ʷٷڸճǴʱȽ١
ԴԤߡʷٷұҲһ̵ͬܽС㣬С츳ǳãڴøҲܶ࣬ÿСʱ̵ĿǰԤֻһĵӣǾǶߡɯ˵ĹϵȽ΢ܽСϲİΪڶĵԤߡе㲻ˬʷٷҼͬܽСרԤϵ͵ĺܶܽС㲻ѧϰ
ĺܲˬ
רԤϵʲôõģ
ܿ졣
Ԥߡ㿪ʼԱߵܽСš
һ
ҪҪٽһ飿
ˡѾˡܽСһ˼صͷ
Сľ츳Ѿ˽⣬Դ˿ҲǺܾȣ˿ʱ͵ˡȥϢˡ
ܽСͻСȫüʵȰѸþ㹻ˡ
šСԵͷ
ԤߡվͻȻ뵽ʲôʵʦǸʲôˣ
ʦ𣿡ܽС̧ͷŰʷٷʦ˺ܺáءҲǿѧʶԨҺĸ׺ʶǡ
ʦƢĺܺãǸܺദˡ
С룬ŵҼǵøտʼʶʦʱ˵;ƽȵĶӣָӵ̬ȸ˵
ҵĸ׶ûйǸ߸ϵİҵһСӡ
ʦһ
˶һ
ܽСĻԤߡһ£΢ЦŶܽСһĸ߶ȣƽȶӣλŮݸһЦ𣿡
šܽСԵСԴʦҲǸܺõˡ
С
ԤߡЦСԴһ̽ͷ̽Եċȥɡ˹ˡ
廷
ʷٷҺܿ췵ѧԺڣһлӣֻǰǾʦǽ֣æŴЩħͱռ̨ˮֱһȺıָסˣҲ֪Щһһ쵽Щʲôʵ飬ŪһȺı֣Ԫسص˰ʰ̯ѾͷѧԺͶߺܶˡ
Ȼռ̨ʦǻء
ԪسصһЩС⣬Ϊά˶ʦĹϵһЩ񱩵ĴͻԪͨԪͨӿ˹ǿǱԵһԪԵĻпɱΪ飬ǵĳָѧԺһ鷳ԼٵսƷ
ʷٷֱӳֲ԰ȥ
λҪŮ׹ȥͬʱҲҪ˳˫̥ýӹȥ漸죬ҪĪʦڵĻҲһȥ
ʷٷ̽һ¹ЩɫճҺֵо
ȻǲŮǣý측ճҪһᣬﻹȱռõĶ
ٺٺ١



054 
صĹ䡣
һʵĴϣŮ׻۾һڴϴһȻ۾̵ֻм˲֪ϰߣƽûʲôҪʱ˫̥òȥĻŮһֱ硣
ˣ
Ů·һֱй˯ϰߣֻ˲֪ѡ
ʷٷǸ쵰Ůվڴڸǰĸճǣе㲻ֹ
һֱ֪ʷٷҲЩʲôܡ
Ϊʷٷû˵ŮҲһֱûȥʣһܴŮˣȻ֪ʷٷԼ˵ʱõġû뵽ǣʷٷҲŵܾȻһճǣôһܣȻôãͻȻͳҲˡ
Ůһ뵽Լ𾪵ı͸оﲻˬ
廷˶ԼԼ֪ʷٷҵϲһЩܣҪȻʦΪʲôѱԾ͸ʷٷҸʦĹϵ׽ʦǴ£ڱ֮ѹƵĺңôҲһĵ̣ʷٷʦֱ֧϶˲֪顣붼룬ճǵĽ϶µ˳
ЩŮˬ飬ˬʷٷ߾Ȼһѵ޼
Ȳ˵ЩúƯ嶼ֵŮǣǸƯĹѸʷٷҵŮ׸оܲˬ˵ԤߡȻվʷٷҵһϯֵӣȻҪ֪ճǵĴڣŮһԼĵȻժӵĸоһ뵽;ԼͻȻеˡ
Ůײ̧ԼĴ֮ףЩ޼ﶼȲԼǸƯĹѸевԸ⣬˼ȫѹ
дԺ
һ뵽Ů׶ʱ㶷־ܿ촩·׼ˡ
ᵱȻȥ׼ô˵Ҳֲ԰ϯŮףһλλʩߡϵʵ˫̥ðޱͰ׼ģŮֻ¶һֳĿ˲֡
֨¡
Ů׸ո߳ű㲻üͷΪǰվһɵЦļһ
¶һֵĸá
ʦˣҪȥģﶼģҪҪҸ·һڵظƤƤ
Դ쳢Ůʳ󣬶ǿűҪΪʦ
С
һλŮҮֲ԰ϯŮҮ
űҪΪʦȻĲΪ˸ѧϰΪ˸ѧϰˣ
һλŮԿ
һҪҪˣ
֪˻Ϊһأ
ƤƤǰĺһǵͷšɡ
ʦ
ʦ
ǰսǵķڣ˫̥ðޱͰӰ˳ǿŮ׺ܹɵشһкԶԼĵʦ档һֱһΰĸоʷٷұŵʱ仹ҪѾǴλʦռ̨ĵϯλδпռ̨ϯʦ
ЩҲͰˡ
ͻȻ仹ͳôһճǣѾǽ˲廷ǿһмֱ˫̥޷
ޱͰΪ˸߽ʦżеմմϲأ
һ˷ܵĸоľˡ
츳ʵҲܺãֲܱ԰ϯŮΪӾûһģŸҲǽչ٣һͳΪʽʦֻЩ˶û취ʷٷʵٶȼֱǿһѾȵʦˡ
һ˺ܿ¥
ʵſڴʷٷҺĪʦӰ˳
Īʦıеƣе㿺ܣŮ׺΢΢ʦˡ
ףŮ׿һĪʦһķľˣɫΪήңԱߵʷٷҲһ˿⣬ƺһ϶û˯ɴ۾ʵһϰɣ
ճҺ־ô˼
ĪʦҲӦ˸ճǣʷٷҷıճҺҲˣĪʦоҲͻƣһļսһȥʵҽн
æµһ
Ů׵ĻʷٷҲǳ˳飬ԱߵĪʦȴ˷ܵҸʷٷҸһЩķ֡ЩճҺֵĿ൱ߣ
ʵɹĻҲЩճҺֿ԰һæ
Ů׶ЩճҺֲ̫ȤҪԼĵҪоĻͰЩɫճҺȫӳȥˣÿ춼ֲ԰ݵŪġ
ϲɾƯɰСŮǡ
ϧŮûѣȥֻ֮ģӦŮ˯ʶ»ٵһСʷٷȥֲ԰ûµĻԹȥ㱴Ů˵Ҫоһ¡
ˣ
ɶļһﻹ͵͵ôһ
һ뵽Ԥߡ֪֮Ĵڣʷٷȴ¸ˣŮױ㲻ɸо̡
Ŀǰ˵Լвߺ;߾Ԥߡ
˸ͲΪǡ
߽״ŮײΣյģѾѳʷٷϯֵݣ㲻ΪճǵŮˡ

ŮǾԲóѵġ
ʷٷҺĪʦĿŮһȥʵ¼ûд꣬ش֣ʷٷƺҵһЩħﷺĵİ취ˡ
ף
ôƤƤĺ棿ʷٷҵһͷܿͱӵһˡ
Ѿ˺üļ١
ȻϲŮǾ£һһҲƤһ㣬Ҳʲô⡣

ڿŮһ˺󣬵ȿ˹С΢΢ȸ¡ҪΪ׼𣿡
λ˵ĵʦ
ȻûôһλŮףҪǻҪġ
˵
Ȼĵʦ˳ˣ
áǳȥ䡣Ů׺ֵЦЦ
ȻеƤʵ˺ܲһദŮסŮصǳӲֻʷٷ˲ܰ
ȿ˹㣡Ҵʦȥ䣡æȥɣŮċԸµվ˳
ʦ
ȿ˹С㲻ɿ˿ֿ˿ŮףƺǶʲô
֪ŮʲôԸˣ
ٺٺ١
ǿλŮ׸ӦǺദġ
ȿ˹СŮĪе㷽ܸоԼËںǲʲô
ΪʲôͻȻе㷽
쵰



055 
ʵڡ
ʷٷҺĪʦעǰʵڵıճҺֵת̡ڲϵطȻںܵںϵĹɵһУתΪһ֡
ճҺֺֻеġ
Ȼ߱ͬһճҺֿȽϾӨ͸һһ䶯ĹֻѾȾıˣճҺֵĵڶת̬һ˵ѾΪĳЩһת䣬䳡ԪĻһȱ졣
ͨ¡
ʦʹõʵ϶ճҺ֣ΪȽϴͬʱпһ㡣
ʷٷҸ£
ѾʼˣҪҪһʵ飿ĪʦΪ
ʷٷ˼һ£ٵһȡ
ڻ̫ˡһȷѵ㹻
ճҺַҪܳʱ䣬ͨ˵һСʱǷܵķʽ֮һ
ǰճҺַҲһӵ飬ЩѳĸѸӵ˵ʼܵʣҺܿ׳ճҺֲûǻֻۣһ㱾ܵʶûģֻһ˿֮Ҳȱ֡
ܿ졣
ճҺֵܵϰֻʵۡ
ʷٷʱԱߵĪʦͷʾ⣬ϰһ⣬һԾĵ绡ǰ
Щǿң
ɵɱЩճҺ֣ΪǱͲʲôǿ
ǡ
Σ£ЩճҺּѸٵؾ£һǿʼ𽥵ںϣתۼһֱ׵ľճҺֳǰɹסЩһһ˿ĵ΢Ծĵ绡
ѡɡںϡ
ʷٷҷټ¼ʵݣΣʱںϳһǿĵ塣
ﱾҲʼͳһתΪһַʶ̬
ʵǻ۶ʼӣ
飡
Ƶײ
ǰںϺճҺֿʼײۣƺҪӳ
ǽʵɫճҺ2.0汾
ΪֻԭıճҺֵˣһĪʦ֡ıõرѸٷ׳ʷٷҵĸǿںԣڱûκΰ취ҪϷųȥһһҰBOSS
ʷٷҸ£ⶫԸħ𣿡Īʦʵ
ʷٷҡҡͷĿǰ֪
ҪʵǹκûǲҪߡ
ⶫĦ̩УΪ̫Σˡ
ʷٷҵĸѾ߱˳ΪBOSSǱʣĦ̩̬̫ɳˡǱߵǿһ£ħҲûʲôˡ
׼ҩɣʷٷҷԸ
Īʦͷܿ찴°ťһЩɫעڣǰճҺֱ㿪ʼӴҲڲϵڻһ̯ճҺ塣
ɫճҺ2.0߱൱вԺԡ
ʷٷȻһˣķֶλҪ׼ġ
ͺһֲ
ֻҪһǾͻѸɢҪûзֶεĻĽǺǻ˵
ȻĿǰĸ컹ûдﵽʷٷҵҪ׼ǶĪʦڵʵѾˡֻҪЩʷٷҵķҩЩɫճҺɵۣ֮÷ҩЩճҺֱƻȻ̬
ⶫΣգ֮۵ʱ˶ţʷٷҷԸ
֪Īʦ֮۸ʮĸռ̨ҲһжʷٷҸ·ġκġ
ֺ֮廷Ѻܶˡ
˺ܿ뿪ʵҡ
ʷٷбһֻ2.0汾ճҺ֣һֻĪʦⶫɢ֮ۺǹš1ŵݣ㹻ֹճҺִſڳΪһͷ漶BOSS
һķʶ̬Ѻĸ壬ںϺһ塣
Ŀǰȷޣٶ൱졣
ʷٷҪľķٶȣֹﷱٶȲĻв֮Ӵħһ漶ҰBOSSַӾͱħˡҪǱճҺȫҲ֣ڿԵ޲𹥻ʹ˶ûа취
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ŶӰ棬ˣʦ˵Ůˣȥأ
ʦ
ѵŮף
ôƤƤô׽ˣȻʦ
Ůѧʲô
ô
ʷٷһ£漴áڹȥ
˵꣬ԱߵĪʦʾ⣬ǿ첽ֲ԰Ǳȥ
ֲ԰ڡ
ϰٸСŮΧ֮裬ԼԼŮ׵ӰУԱǵڶѹıŮ
ʷٷң
һʷٷҵӰСŮŮ˹Сϲֲ䣬Ե÷ǳǡ
ŮľٶСŮҲؾۼ˹
ԵСҲҿ̫ʷٷһҲϷţżôӱȽϴһֻСŮɵǰһᣬȻݵһɻȥ㵽ͬ
٣ˣʷٷҾȵؿǰСŮŮ
Ůֳ˲١
ǰʮ׵ӣѾʮ׵ˡ
СŮһȽϱòԣ
ڵ̬Ѿܽӽڰ񣬲ûȫȶ֮ӳ֣ҪΪҲҪһʱġȻеİҪǧʱŮĿǰĽѾ˵൱ˡ
ף
ЩǡߣôתˣʷٷҾȵؿЩ΢΢СŮǡ
ǸСŮһ
ﵮСŮǰǱŮĺǣǵ̬Ѿȹ̣תΪһľ
1ţɨһǣʷٷҷԸ
ܿ졣
һ΢ɨɢ
ЩСŮǺߵضǱ1ɨ衣
Ŀ꣺̬
壺ߡ
Σճ̶ȣܵ͡
սȼ5+
ˣ
ʷٷҵıɲǼ൱𾪣
ΪĸǴϵͽתֻܹڻҺ뿪Ĺȡ
Ǳζʲô
ζűŮгǱʣͬʱζ⸽нǵ
ԱŮǿ϶ܴġ
ǣ
ʷٷҵ˲ǿ֮ϡ
˵Ƭֲ԰пߵȣôʿ϶ϣ
ȶʷٷ˵ž޴ļֵΪһַľ֣԰ʷٷ̽ѰԪİء



056 
ǿռ䷨ľֻ
ʷٷǡǡþûоռ䷨زģֶ˵߱൱ش壡
ȻձڶԪġ
ͨ˽ӴĻἸûУǴʩҲkǡ
һ˵ĴڹϵǸ編ĳϵġ
ͨĻǿ԰Ϊħ硢ħ硢ħ͸ħ硣
ħħΪǸ޷ʩչһȫڡħ򡿣żҲշͬʱûԪسϫڵġһħձ鲻ڵģҲǿͷϵ˵͸ʷٷҴԽǰࡣֻ£ֻм˲пշЩ˻϶ǿ϶ܳΪʩߵġ
ħķԪػԾԪسϫĲٲ˿ԽӴҲǴеĴڣǧôһ¶棬Ҳֻ񼣻ǻ֡ͨаڣλݵЧҪһ㣬ܴĴۻǿԽٵġ
ħħԾԪسϫδϹͨ˶֪Ĵڣʱʱпܿ񼣻ĻʩǱȽϳģͬʱħճжʹá
ħͲöˣȽ϶࣬û¾¶пֱӲ뵽۹ʱھǱ׼ĸħ硣
Ħ̩ڵħħ֮䣬ȻûĴڿӵаʦҲ̫ϡ١
ʷٷӴܶİ񣬿ȴٽӴ
ż飬ԷҲܴ󷽷İʷٷоڡռ䷨򡿵һֱĽɣġıռ䡿
Ħ̩߱
ѪŻḴŮŻữʥ̬ʷٷ˵ζſڱܿܶΣյоİءڸħĻȫʢʱڵҲһԶԸЩǿ飬һϿһ仰ݡߣ繷
ϵķǿתġ
Ҫǳǳǿ˵ʷٷҸճǵħԸĦ̩ôͻֱɵħħ磬пܳΪħ硣
Ժ󲻹ǵ໹飬ʩԵļʶֱ
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057 
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ʷٷһ˯һһҹʱ䣬ȵʱѾǵڶ硣

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060 ɳĮ
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ʬɽϣһ쵽Уط죬ʱʬɽʼʧЩ֡

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ϳ֮ϣѪܵӣ渲ճҺĤпԿǳɫҺ壬ԼڲʱʱһµĹ塣ЩдСЫӡ򼡢׳ȵȣǻûȫΪ֮ǵĿҲ޷ڼʱǧѪ⾫һɽħķܣڱ鲼ɫ̦޺ĵпԿ䶯׳档
ЩǸͽ׵ħ棬ڡطУӴԣÿ춼гʮֻħڵ
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ЩϺ͸ոձ࣬ɱϺȴ൱ǿ
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Ҫִ˵
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ʷٷҶԻƽĽסλҲһЩֵı仯
ȻħԪ궯ģ൱ԿƣʹʩѶֱڶԪ浮ڣ޴ڣǸʱ˵ʩԪػȻֺѾͨѡʱĹȣ궯Ԫ𽥰࣬൱Կƣʩߵһֱϡ١ţڶʼԾڶԪڣħŮֺһΰķҲˡħ
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Ǵ󲿷ֶиħλ棡
ûħʩѶȴʿıӺܶ࣬Ϊǿ츳ʩͨ˳ΪʦĿԺܵͣܶ츳˺ľһѪҲֻܴﵽϵ͵ʩˮƽ
Ħ̩һûħڵ硣
ӵʦ츳˺٣廷Ϊ˻㹻ǱѧͽʦսüΣĿǰѧԺѧͽǴڵĺü½޹ġ
ÿʮҵʱ䣬ǲܴƶ֮ҵʮʵʦѧͽ
廷˲٣˿ڱĻӵгΪʦ츳˿ܻʮ֮һƶ֮ص˿ǧϸǻĿнӽһڣһٶʱ棬Ǻʦ廷ҵǱ˼һǧˡ
һӵħ磬ôÿ涼ҳһʦ

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ʱסʷٷߣʷٷҵסշܶ࣬λŮһһ䡣
˶רо֮İأĿǰǴڱչ״̬ѧԺȫ˸
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УݶŮ׿϶ƽʱ50%ң
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Ů׵Ƣһ㣬˿̲סˣʲô֮ϵ𣿡
ݶŮҲվԱߵȴʷٷҵĴ𸴡
šˡʷٷЦŵͷƺܲⲻǡ֮Լһĵ򡣡
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һֹŴʦյĳħɣҽһЩı䣬תΪһֱȽ⻷
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廷ѧԺĸ߽ʦԪسأΪʵսʦʱгıҪܡĿǰӽһĸ߽ʦʮʱģƵĸ߽ʦҲǲʮˡ
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069 ֮֡
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070 
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һüζڸԼҪעڰоûԱֵ֮ġԺҪͬҪʷٷҰæһ뵽òƽľʱеˡ



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ڰ֮һ翸Ĵ죬ϵҴǽޡڿµѽʱЩ˻ӱܣЩ˻Ϊ˻ȥֶΣЩ˻վڳеһбӻߡ
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ǰһ˿ɫڣԶһ޼ʵɳĮʵĳǽǴƬƬħʬ壬ضȾ˰ɫޱȵսƺŽãһӶӵʿڴɨս
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ããħõһεʦǸеһ˿𺳣ǲԶ׻жٵˣǰЩ¾Ѿʮϣϱߵħ棬һƬҲӿ˹ǧƵķħۣſ˫գһƬˡ
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ʦҡҡͷá
ЩֻͷӡȥϿڡ

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082 ħ
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087 ʷٷҵս
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Ϊʲôѡˡ顤΢Ц˶һ
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ʷٷұصͷ֪׷ĲǴ
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㴩ʱʱһЩ޷ĴҲƬǿաkֻʣһӽṹ޷ͨ޷޷⡭kе顭ֻ̫һ
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kڴĳ֡ࡿͼ临ҪӴ޷㡭ֻܽkӡµԴ硭
ǰһ𽥱仯
ʷٷҺһƬˮ磬ǽݵĸˮУǰһ͸ݣ濴ʲôûУ1ŵɨ裬ʷٷҸ֪һ΢Сӣҵk̺Ϣ
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kƺûбʱɱ
顤µͷǵġ޷kĴڡkӦӽ񡿵֮һ
ʷٷҡҡͷһ
ʥߺƽȥҲûǿ岢ʱk˴˵е񣡡ȥǧһַʽԣ
ʥֵоһǧ꣡



099 飨壩
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ҪһֱĻǰʥӿôһ˵屻ȫݻ٣ֱӻԭӼṹȻЩԭӽṹûгȥɱԣ߱Ŀԡ
ֱǵ߸ʷٷҹȥʶ
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ֲ˰ɣ
ǸǰɱԵʥȣϹаͲֵһᡣ
kӵеĳ֡ࡿ
Ҳ˵ȫ޷ɱĿ꣬ʷٷþеĵҲ޷k
kѾˡ
ûгֻʣԭӼĽṹkɴܹԶĿԡ
kںԼߣԶΧ
޷֪ܴ꣡ڡҲɺǿʷٷҵͫ׻˵ĽɫϿȷһ㡣kڻŵʱѾں㶨ġȫ״̬
ҵʶ񼶴ڣ
ʷٷװܽת䣬ĿѾں㶨̬
޷ĸ
ܹʱɴڵĶûһܼ򵥣
ʷٷҵ۷ʵְҵȼ45ңװӳ100%״̬ϸճǵԶһλе顣ʥ̬ҪǰѶֻڵ֮ǣʤӡʷٷҶʤԴﵽ忪ңʥӵȫ̬¼ûκεʤ㣬ֻܹ·ʷٷҲ֪ʲôܴݻǿĴڣֱֻжпϵս
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Ҳ֪θkҪȻҲܰǶԸ֮ǣkӦĳµ飡ɽĳЩڣ
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kﶼ޷֪˵ǽkˡ
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ʷٷֱŶԷ˵ġ⣡ҲϲʧܣȻӦˣôҾҪʤ
Ҫ籩ŰգҪؿҽӿ
ңҪ֣䣡
顤˲ԭأ㶵ؿǰʷٷң·һ̲ʶǰˣ


ľ Ȼ֮ŭ


001 սһ
ʷٷһĺݾ
һʦ顤¶ûеģĶ򣬶ʷٷڵһλ֮ǡ
仰˵ܹ֮ǣǽҲϧ
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ЩѾʷٷҸеͷƤˡ
顤ԳĬƬ̣Żˡ
kͬˡ
Ϊ黯顤Ȼһλ飬ǵkƿصǷǳֲģ
Ϊڣ޷ʱ䣬Եkܹǿİ񣬿ȴû
ӴĻ֮ҲԳܣ
ܺáʷٷҵͷĻҵʤˡ
顤ޱȥ
Ͱˡ
һ⸡ǰʷٷҵӰѾʧԭء
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Ӱ︽ԶһƬڵĺǻҵƽ񣬾ڻǳ뵽ڡһƽѾ︽ǺЩ˵ȴѾˡܵǾֵĺԼѹֵĿޱȿֻŵԶĵƽߣһµĺɫ˳ڷٱƽ
ʷٷҸ£ʦӰΪͻأسǰ
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ʦᶨصͷͶԶӿĺɫ˳ǰɡ
ãʷٷҡҡͷͻȻЦӿһɺȻѾˡôҲ㡣ȥɡ
СӻѲסң
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ʷٷվԭһŵ1ţ
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һƬƬѹѹĳȺڲϵسųǽƵķߣǳսбƬļ꣬ʱʱоҵıը޷ֹȺķƣһֵɱѾڣںܿ챻ؾˡ
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Աߣάսʿ˲ǵѪ󲿷Ѿ
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ת֮䡣
һսʿ£ħûķѾ©ɱӿС
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Ѫ³ǴȻĸߣ
ܴȻŭɣ
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һƬŭУϰٸģĵ³սϡ
ɺɫͫףŰɫľף·ǸЩֲںΪһ壬ǱħﶴҪҲֲ㲻ϵšЩ³ɢϢűŭѪӶᣬе³ȥȻƽͣһѪɫĺսϣӲƵħ


002 ս
쿴
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еؾǶʱеһ񣬽ű㿴ԶһɢŨѪζĿӰ֡
ǻˡ׶ࡤ૵
ԣѪ³Ӱɫľް˦ֱӴ̴ʮֻħ壬ЩħۿɼٶȿήȥžѪܰ㽫Ѫ⾫͵³ڣǵʹŭпʼϵת֮Ѿһ͸ߴİɫˡ
Ȼ̫ʹ࣡
Щʹ໯޾ŭ𣡡ѰɣȻ֮飡
йķŭ
ڴصС
ɫѪɲǼ䶴ǧֻħ棬żȡǵѪ֣ԭһµʳ
kȻ֮顣
һ걻ĥݲбŤޱߵʹзʳħʳһѪkɫĸƬƬѪ˳ŸӿڣһŤıʹĥĲ׸֣kŭ¾ǰƬӿħ
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ħĲλãһӶȫװİսʿսϡ
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һŨ֮ӿսЩȥʬһӲվ



003 루һ
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ܼĽŲǧƽھӵѺ½ǰĹ㳡ڡʱЩƽϲƵĸֳһƬֻ֮ɫɪɪĸжӽСʱڹ㳡Ѿһ޴ķʮŵɫˮһɫµķ֮ۡ
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˵꣬˷룬ŵͳֱӽеķȲ˵¡һӴĵ˷ӿ顤µӳʷٷҺ׵ıɹɫķ֮𽥷âܵĿռ䶼ģ
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Щٺ໥ųȥԶ봫ʷٷҲֻǿάȶ޷֤ԣڴ͵Ĺдǧ֮һΪʲӦ״̬Ҳв̶ͬȵѣУʱѾûܹôˡµڿԶȺɽʹ飬ԭҲֳһ˿ϣ֮⡣
ܿ졣
ڶٶȳڴڣԭѾǳӵĹ㳡̱Խӵ
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ҵ˿԰һά򣡡
ڣһλʧȥһ첲Ŀ˳ƺ˿ԼѪұۣڿŲ˺󽹼滹кܶˡЩ˱뾡ͳȥ
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Ǵ󲿷ֶв̶ͬȵĲмһЩϻˣЩ˷·˿⣬Ų˵ͬѸٶάЩµսʿԶͨʿ־ͣʹͶҲԽˣв˶ǻѪһǸմսߡ
Ǽ֮Ѿ
ҪľǰҴٶΪҲ޷Ϲаķȡ̫ʱ䡣
Ҫľʱ䡣



004 루
Խʮƽ
Ǽʱܹ쵽飬ʷٷȻһճΪܣǹ⿿һ˵ɺѡ
Ҫʱ䡣
˶ڸʱܣսʿΪȡʱ䡣
Ϸߡ
ڷҪݺˮҪҲű޾ħƣһֵħﳤֱУűԮסˡʱҪѾǰܵѹԽԽ󣬲֮ԭʵǿĻҪҪҲֻڼ˰ʱ룬һ·ս˸ȡʱ䡣
޸ޡ
һ԰֮һλάӢĳУ˵֮صά˲䣬Ų񱩵ĿǵʱǿһλҰˡλ֮ĴӢ֮صսٻ鸽壬Ȼһͷ˵ʱ֮ǵĻ֮һ֮塯
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֮ͼôаϳһµ壬ǳޱȵսУµȻ˳صĴۣҲ֮ǵ岿ٵòˡҪսʱ֮аֻʣӣkǷֱ֮ۺ֮ۡ
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˵֮ǻһڵµǸû֪ģǲѰӢҲʧȥټ
ˣ
һƬƵսУһӶӵάսʿ
͸ߴֱ࣬۴׳űŵ˻Ҫ׳˶ࡣЩάԭµı֮صսʧǨƵӵмΪͨʿһάδĺҲҪʤࡣǵճսά˲ó֣˿ڹģԶԶȲ֡
ֻũܷܳ˿ڡ
άȱǲϲ飬ʹõҲǷǳϵШ֣ʮάһʶ־Ѿǲˡ
羭ƺΪҰˣìܵĻܶ־Բȶڡ
άҲǺദ෴ҪӮǵطǳףһǱǸܴ򣬵ڶǱǸܺȣֻҪ쵽ά˾ͺͬ㡣
󣡡
׼ս
ԶƺƵӿĺɫ˳ٵսʿеֽŷޱȣվǰߵάȴǱȣǵûк෴Եе㿺ܡά˵ĴͳΪսٵһ飬Ըͬڣ෴ڴǶһսʿ裬޵ıǻ͵ġ
άϲʹս;޽Ϊ˫ʹãڴģսлԲսͱȰ˷߸ɢսȴȽϿγǰһȫû䱸Ƶȫʹսʿ
Щά˵Ŀսʿ
˿̣һĴȴǵƣά˵쿴һСˣһصľƸһ·ȥֱӱžƸʹά˿սʿҲǺеҾƣһ췢һ
λս
˵һ٣ԴάǨƵٲֵսʿҲμԦŭһеҾƺ͵ؽ˵ϣŻذγ˱ϵľ޽ԼĺĬĬעǰӿĺɫ˳
ڵħ泱ԽԽ
ǰɱײһ˲䣬Ϊ׵άһеĳؾƸ˳ȥ˫սֱӴӲȥ

һȵ
ά˿սʿŭһ˿״̬һҰӰڶߵħ泱аֱӴŵ˺ȥ
ڷ
ԴҪݺеľӶǽأֻǸӴħҰսսŸոձʱѾ˷
ħӰһһص£Уά˵͵ؽԼ˫սͶ˳ȥǰһͷڵľޱԽѣǿֲսȫû˾޵ԿڡάӰ˹ȥž޵ľս°γصڵϣ˫սƽȥ
䣡
ܵĵھȫѣһ̯īɫѪӵǱߵ廹㿪㱻ҳһ̯⡣
Щά˺ǿ
һλԺںĺʦһǵѪоȻ̺˾˵ľȡһЩо£
ԱߵֶŮҪ¡
ʲô뷨Ժ˵ע⣡ЩĳҪˣ
ˡ
λֶŮҲǲúĿսϵЩά˿սʿЩ˵ֱһޡ˵ά˵˵ĺҲ֪ǵﵽ׻ûвѪ
ܹȡĻȷʵǶԺʦǳջ
ǣ
ҪôɵĻ¾Ͳøʷٷҽˡ



005 루
еĽսϵְҵ棬ڵһλĺǽʥ˵˭ܹʥսһ£ôӹɿ϶ǿ񱩻Ұˡ
Ұ˿񱩺õʼӳȫģ
˵ʥսǾ׼Чɱ¾ôҰսϾǿҰбɱһոսҰˣڿ񱩺Ҳ׵˺Щְ߽ҵеҰˣþ˵ǿɵؾһСγȻֱӰӳȥԶٲ츳Ұˣ˵ϵάˣΪǿˣڿ񱩺Ʒһ̹ҲǸһ
һͺ̾ˣ
ʷٷֹһοҰճսϴɱ䣬ЩͨնĴҰˣֱһ̨ߵɱ¾
񱩣񱩣ǿ񱩣񱩡
Ұڿ񱩺һιޣһȫԶΪҰսʿôһֻ־Ϳ԰һͷڵĦ
Ұӵиߵ׵ֱܣԼһ̶ȵ˺⣬һƤǳʹϱȽʥҪ߳һأȱҲǷǳԣǾڿ񱩺ήԣڿ־Ҳ͵ֵζǲΪĿӴ󳷣һ޷ԦסŭôҰ˼пܻսзԵҰ档
ͬǰһС
ά˵Ŀսʿڼ̵ʱش˳Ⱥɱ˳ǧħ棬һȽ˴мгΡ
ǽžһֵҰʧȥ˿ƣѾŭǣηħĴ󷽣Ȼǿʵɱ˲ٵˣȴһذΧС

Щά˸ûΪʲôֱӾɱ˺ȥˣ
ǾͲ֪𣿡
һЩĦ̩ʦüͷս̫ˡѾԮˡ
׼ظߣˣ
ҰǿȴûмɣԦŭʧȥһԣȵһӦʱ϶Ѿɱ˼ƻĵطҰ˻һ㣬Ϊ׵ҰѾǳ嵽幫⣬ѾҰսʿȫһħпնֱײ󼸺һʬҰѪ·ѾǱ鲼СС˿ڣҰҲȫǺ⣬Цһֱӻһ·ķһ·ɱ˻ȥ
׼ɱأ
Ұսûи߶ѻĻȫǿһʱģΪš񱩡ڿ񱩺󲻻״̬һ¿񱩼ֱײˡ
ȽϴûжְҵܹҰ˴õϣ߶ս洫Ұ˶ǰǰġ
ʷٷĽսϵְҵ߻ǽʥ
ά˵Ŀսʿֱ˳Ⱥĵһƣ֮ҲǲСɵҰ˶սɳսԭ϶ǳͷħİΧȦڡҰױߵһֱ۹ʱڶûа취߰ʱڸճ屬ĲսУҰ˶ΪվԵĶⲫսģߵҲǲ࣬Եսпսʿһ㶼ȥ
ǿȴûǣֶŮ̾ϢһǻǽӦһ°ɡҪȻ³Ų죡
־巨ӡ
巨ӡ
ԵĴΧʩչʦĽӦһֵҰ˿ʼ󳷣ǵããħ泱ڿЦźֱײʱĦ̩ʦѾûоȥˡ
Ұ˵ԸһʱҲġ
Ϸߵսʵǿһ㣬սгܵѹҪȲǱ߸ߣά˿սʿȻӵиǿĸʵսϷûа˷߷ӵø
ȷʵǴһɾ˵ƣӲÿҰսϷߵѾʿ߰ࡣ
Ұ˾һ˫н
˵һǧ˰١
˽ȴȥϷ߳ŵ죬Щά˿սʿʮ֮һѾǺܲˡ
Ⱥ̫ˣһҵս
ά˿սʿ໹ӲĹƣǴĿǰӴĳȺԷһ಻ϵؽԵǺľӡȻҪһά˿սʿһǿֱ潫ȺɱԴȻ󳹵׻Ҳǲܣܿϧά˵˿Ҳżģ
ʷٷҵļƻУάһɺҪ
Ҫԭƻ֮ڷµĻά˵;Բ̫ҪȻӶԺô
ǿΨһӲֻȺⲫӣ
֧ԮɡֶŮʷٷҸ˵š˵ҪǸʲôšԡը
ϲʣ



006 루ģ
ٶճǡ
ߣߣһСӻŸߺ
Щʵ̫ӴˡһճΪܣʷٷһҲǷǳ鷳ٶʳֻǳһ£ھջкüµʱ䣬ƷҲȫȻŲ׼˲٣ͨƽһ֣޷ĿӴ񣬾󲿷ֵ񶼱ʱڼª
ٶܹɵ˿ҲǶʮ򣬽Ҫŵܱߵ
𣿿Ÿǲ̫һ
ٱصľ˿úĿעЩΪǰͬҲ̬Ϊơصںϳ̶Ȼԣ˶ܺƽûʲôԵ
ɫƤɫͷںɫ۾
Щ˸ǳòһ
ǿ
Ǹ˵Ķ䣡ǺǴ˵еľ飡
µҴΪжռݵıӽ70%Ħ̩ԭסƺΪ񡯡ڹŴʦʢʱڣΪĳЩԭ󲿷ӵж඼ǨƵϡ
ĳԭסľǺܶⱲӻǵһμ˵еľ֡
ϵѾӽĿǰҴǲԭһ֧ݸûй´˵еôţ෴Ϊദ̫Եе³һֻ֧ѪأǱľϵģԭ󲿷ֶǰ뾫֣Ѫԭ鶼ԵĻƤͷֵ˲˵ľ̾ƻǷǳԣϾҲرѿġ
쿴
Щ˺ð٪𣿡
ȺлһЩСİˣԭסǻ޷ֳ٪Ͱ˵󲿷˶û˵˵Ĵڡ
ۣ
ǿ쿴Ǳ߹˺øߴ׳˶
Ǿ˵ĺ𣿡
һֵά˸ڶ󷽣ձ߳һϣ׳˶ŮҲһļ⣬òŵ˶ѣҪ֪ǿһֱ׳ԺЩάһȽϣŵԶԼŮȲˡ
ˣˣ
ǿ쿴Ǳߣľ˹ˣ
صĽŲ
Զľ˳ǰŮۣǰĺӣߴѾӽףҲ׸ߡЩƾѪҲһѪˣΪ˱ʷٷǰ͵ٶϵѾһ˲ڰ֮ʱϹа¾ĿǰΨһҴľֻƾˡ
µԭסľ̾ҲͬԵʲ˶ѡæ
ٶĿǰľҪǱصΪսҺħϮʧ类ʷٷ񣬺Ų˵İڶڴˡĿǰٶľŵˡߵˡϾˡˡ˺ɭʿȵȣЩµҲͬϾȻǳɫƤࡣ
ˣ
С㳡Ǳܣûµȿ˹㣡̫ˣǱѾŲˣ
ȿ˹üͷ΢壬֪ˡھȥŲ
ճǵĹ㳡롣
ʺŵµԴԴϵر͹Ѿٶܵļޡһ֮ϰҲһ׵飬˵ٶŲһոո˵ĳСŴ񱻴͵ʳסжǴ⣬лв˲ᡣʱ칫·Ҳǲѹѹڻۣʱֿܻһꡣ
ŷˣ
߾ʱˣ
Ԥߡüͷ˿ٶϿ죬ƺϾҪ裬ʱͻȻһɲһ¡
ǡ
λäŮ׻Լķȣһ͵ռ̨λãڵϲһȣһһתһλӰֳ
˭ٻңλעǰŮ׻
Ԥߡ˿̵ıƽǰλ飬ɢеơҪ⼸춼ꡣ
λĬƬ̣ŵԸ
kӰһֱʡ
ű㿴ѹѹƱ糯洵ɢһĹأոձľѾʧˡʦһЩʹԪؾΪԼЧͣͬҪʹ۵ġ



007 루壩
£
Զսڼʱ￴ȴ쳣տＸѾʲô棬Ļ϶ǳӡǴűȽϼªװΪЭӷС
ǵѡԸߣôǵļ˾Ϳһ뿪ﰲȫĵط
˵ĵ
ĸϵݱ䵽ϵῪʼ˾ͱеκ񣬾󲿷ʱΪ˼˶ѡеΣա˶֪ܻսʱǱѡ
ʷٷҸ£
ħʵ̫ˣѾеŲסˣһʦӰԶ˹
˿̵ģΪǱֵƶƱʲôҧˡ֮±ߵħǼѹǼΪóսĺʦҲǴľսһЩϵ˻һ㣬ʦһЩʹѪ⾫Ժ취ָʵڲǻתΪ̬֧֮а滹жߡħߵȵȣЩﶼǿɱ˺ģʦҲ൱Σգ
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ȥ֧Ԯһ±ߡȡһСʱͿˡʷٷޱڰУͺһ񣬲鴫Ѷȴֱ˵ԺС
ĸ֪ɢ
ھ˴ʷٷҼ鴫Ѷ֪ͨľӿʼ󳷡
Ϊڻ
ڸóˣ
һֱʷٷҶĸйٶܲΪв˶ʦ׶ࡤƣΪĳԱ̫ڱˡѱʱڣΪʷٷҲɸ߿һۣΪЩԱûκһҪߣһӲʯİŰ˷̤ǰߵս֧ԮʷٷұԼֻ˼άͬЩڰ֮Ӣ֮
ޡ
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׶£
ǵѾŲסˡһλѧߴĵ³ҴϢŵ渲һƤͷͺһϱ鲼ŴСС˿ڣΪʱúͣЩʱ
Ȼ
Ϊ˶Կ֮ǰ׶ࡤһЩѡԼ׷ǷһЩĶת˰˵̬תǱȻҪƴ۵ģͺʦת̬Ѫ³ͬĳЩתĳشۡԴʷٷҺѾ˻֪Ϊ᱾԰׶ࡤ߼ų⣬ѾԼ׷ȨԵܾˡ
ʰ׶ࡤһλӢۣ
ҲûзѡԼĵ·ΣʱȻѪ³֧Ԯ
̬ĵ³Ȼǿ󣬱ҲûжҪǵ̫ˡΪµȻѾ׶ࡤ߲ܸ̫ĵ³ɣȻȥŤȻ֮飬ҴлǿΪ߽״ĵ³ǴȻĻԸİ³ְҵϾжȻΪֹܹתѪ³ֻôࡣ
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ٳһϧһдסЩħ׶ࡤ߻ѪɫľͺһƶľˣΪȡ̫ħѪ⾫еѪ³в̶ͬȵȾһ־ᶨĵ³Ѿ֮ǵķţΪ˳ɱ¾ϢĹ
ǱܵĴۣ
ħѪ˷ܼȡȴһȫԦ
һߡ
˷ߵѾϡϡ䣬սѾ˿µĽⳡռݾƵħ溣ʱԼʯƵİ˷Ҳһ¡ڻһʬħǿսȷʵǵҪħ溣ĲͻϮ°˷ǰлȫûˡںʦǵķҲأʦó־սְҵó־սʦΪǿԴսӵв׵ⲫһָܻʩչΧܿϧĿǰ»Ħ̩ûԴȻҲûʲôʦĴڡ
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ŴصӴħ溣ٶȷƣŵͽħ汻ģӿħѾԽԽǿ
ڻ
ʼӿļħ棬ǶϺ֧ĹųȺһЩ֮ǴаҲʼǳ
ߡʧħ֮ĸӰɱħѪߡ
Щµаܶ඼ԵkɵĵתΪѹߵǿս


008 루
Ϸߡ
޸һƬѻɽʬ壬ԭҰسȺά˿սʿѾ˻ص˳ڡҪطأάȻʵǿսʽ̫ҰˣսѾ˸еƣڶ֧ԮѾϵά˿սʿࡣˣЩά˿սʿıҲߴĳϣûĦ̩ʦЭӦѾ߰˰ˡ

ʲô
Ϊ׵ֶŮһУӰһɲǼ仯ɢ
һ̣
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һصľʯֱӽԱߵһܵάսʿҳ࣡
޹֡а
ս⣬һӴιǰԼʮ׶ߣǻļǳӰ㻹΢䶯ͺͺԴֻһֻ۾ǡþͳüĵλãͫ׳һְɫ൱ı塣ȻͨĻ޹֣ͨĻ޹ʮ׸߾ѾܲˣҲû˾ˣܰһ鳬صʯͷӳȥôԶ
Ȼ֮Ǵа֡
ڶ۾޹ֳսϺӴĳȺҲһЩǳΣյĹֻмٲֱΣǧٹ֣ΣյһֻӰè̬аƶѸȥ٣ÿһγֶһάսʿ¡
ͷƺֶ֮ŮӰź󷽷ٳˡ
е
Է
һͷ漶ħһͨǱλƣҪɱǳѣõİ취ǽط

һҽ
ֶŮаǣƣķʦ֧ԮʱЩԽάսʿӣӿħҲԽԽࡣķѾеŲסˣΪ̫սʱ̫ãҪӴħ溣ѾһЩߡʧħߵȵȵаЩаܶ඼Ҫְҵ߲ܶԿģȻа࣬һkǳ˷ڣսʿ˵ȫһѡ
ѾбħļŲס¸ܵеĻǰЩάսʿûмܹ뿪
أ
ʱͻȻԶһĺŽ
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ǿǱߣ
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쿴Ƕӥ
һȺӥŵ˷ʱħĺͻȻһɫӰеٶȿ磬һս㸩£ֱ˲ԶǸʮ׸ߵĶۻ޹֡
Ĳҽ
۾޹ӴͻȻ£һ˲飬ԴϵĶ۱ѾӥצץϹˡûͷ﷢ͷӥıѾػ˶۾޹ֵԴϣֱӽԴһһƬ׻Խɽ
ˣ
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֣
ǡӥĦ̩ʦ𺳵ǰͷ񿥵Ľɫӥ
kһӥųɵ˿УͻȻkʼսϿһɫѸݡԭŰĿ翪ʼ£еƲ㶼аת𺳵УĶӥ·һµ磡
һ˺
ǧħһ˲䱻ߴǧ׵Ŀڣս϶Ƿɳʯ̳۸ǰսΣӷܵѹʱûʲôӿˣ
ⲻǷ
ֱֶ֣Ůǰµľ૵
ӥĳһŤתơ
޸޵ķѸȹʦ˻ʱ䣬Ҳڳ֧Ԯ
ͬʱ
սıԵشͷӰҲУkԶԶؿһ۶ӥſ˫űȥȻжӥ֧ԮôͲҪkǳˣķ񶼺Σk׼ȥ֧Ԯѹıߡ



009 ֱ䣨һ
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׼ˣ
ǱѾ׼ˣʷٷҸǺ󳷣
ֶŮ۾һ£󳷡ҪȻһҲ߲ˡ
սһµŰ
ֶŮĻľ룬ٲֵĳȺӲ׷Ǻܿ㱻סˡ
ͬʱ
ķߴǧϿȺ󳷵ؾھ£һͷУϵи֮߱ǸķѾʧòˣսֻʣϡϡħۡ
ȺɺӴ
ݺ֮ǷģĳȺȻսѾʧϰ򣬵ǴԨѿڵĺԴԴϵħӿϹаȡ˭Ҳ֪kܷħǶĵİɫ̦̺ԷֽʬѪ⣬ǰߵħ汻ĵͬʱԨѿڵѪҲڷµħ档ȺսԳܳʱ䣬ܳ׻˺󷽵Ļǿڻҡ
֮ŭ
սϣߴϰ׵ɽ͵һ̤ǿֱôһƬضɽҡУսһ׵ѿڣʮ๫ѿʱָӴĳȺȡҪĳʱ䡣
ǧҴ߿ʼ󷽳룬ɽ˶صˡ
ЩѾȥԶɽ̤ųصĲȥkһϰԶת֮Ⱥ˾롣
ս
籩
ķӰڿն𣬵kſ˫յ棬սһȦۿɼķΧڱѾһƬ𺣡ܻʱ˳Ⱥƽǧħһճɽ̿͵ĻƱǰĵˣľʱѸٳ롣
ƵһĻط
սͻȻɳʯµɳս˴ΧıѩǰʷٷҵسȺȡʱ䡣ʷٷҲܷЩϺľӣȺôʱ䣬˷ħ溣Ѿڡ
ޡ
ԭĳѾÿյһƬֻĳǽϻľפء
󲿷ֵƽѾʷٷҴ͵ٶǸ1ŵļ㣬ʷٷ顤µİȺ˴ʮƽ񣬶˿һٶҲ˵̶һʱгʮƽħɱܱߺܶ޽ĳи㱻ȺݣЩħû˿ԿԣǺ¾ǰܹһлˡ
üиԮϵѾħ¾ˡ
Ӵħ溣һƳǽֻҪ̵ܶʱɱеƽ

еʷٷһ۾Ŀ⽥ʧ»ָɣŻеǵЧ˿ʷٷҵıҲ쳣طŭ
ʱķѾģȻ顤ṩһʮƽʷٷķҲĵòˡ
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˽ʷٷһ
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ζѪпѾ֮ǵߵУǵĳЩʦѪԼսƷȴ֪ǱѾиӿֲĶˡ
ѪĿǰӦûα̬
ҪkĻ׼һ㶫СʷٷҰԵ
һȫǿʷٷҵıŮͬѪ٤޴½İʱڣҵk㻹ʢеʱڣѪѾ٤޴½˲ͼڣkܹѪģζŵkԶڰȻѪ屻һΣǸѪĿӴͽҪԸѪ񻹵취k˲䡣
⿿ʷٷһ˵ǲ̫ģ齨һʷʫ񼶵ŶӲС
ҲӦÿǰЩʦҲϡʷٷҰԵ
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ʷٷҺǱһߣΪһֱ;׶ѧɺѧɵʦҪ顣ҲӦһˣǵЩıǵҪЩʲô
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ھʼĻҺָܿ½Щ˳ܱߡ
ھĴѺԵ÷ǳ־ͣϧǰһСµỹûʽǰǱѾԷŽ໥ǸԾڵڶͿʼܱߵĻĵ׼ũ
ò˵ڸһȻ档
Ӫ΢еֵضǿѳΪ˲˵أѾ༸¾ջһЩ߲ˡ
ĿǰٶľΪɣһĦ̩ԭסҪŲ˵Ĺ£һĿǰµ쵼˫ĽӴǢûص󣬽ҪľǻָʳסĿǰҪϵ顣
ҪԸŻ𽥶⿪ء
ĸ߶ڣʷٷһûеǻᶯõģ


021 Ѫ
٤޴½
ѹѹһ꼴ʱڷľۼڣһشȼԳǧڿ񻶡ӰСͺδҰˣƤƫغɫԴıͨ˴ܶ࣬ЩͿĨͲһͣ赸Сǵ赸ǳҰ֫Ťз·˶ˣ˸е㤵һЩͷëĹ˫۷ףﲻͣ˵ʲô
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ھ󲿷ڣ嶼ǻڽ̣Ϊ顯ǴǸصģ׹ͨز֪ʶĽ˳ʷֻһЩȽĵŻά̵Ĵͳ
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ΪΪ˾һȺäĿøǿİʩߣʷٷұ˵û뷨ûнǼʱ֮ǰ˾ȷʵеӡ͵˾棬ԪǱʵǿһ֣׶ΪΪ񶾵һ֡
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˲Ѿǧ꣬ǵһֱͣԭʼᣬͺЩ˵ĴԽṹãôû취һƽһǧʱ棬˲䵮壬ֹǿʢһʱĴؽ壬Ǹʱ˲ĴǿнһݱΪļ󡣿ѪĳֻһУk˲ˡ׶ɡȫݻС
׶ɿʼ˲ʢУѧλޣ¶䶼һѺ֣ҲûȥоԪصİ塣
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ʮѵĵӵ˼̳ϡ
¶һ˿̵Ц⣬ſһŹֵ㿴һƬΪ΢Сĳӷ˳ȥ

ڷ²һͻȻŤŭһ͵˵ϵĵǳԱһ˴˹ȥֱӴ̴˶Է࣬͵ػӽ˲佫һ˵Դ
Ѫӿ
Χ۵˲Ƹ߳ɫǺغţһͬ㿺
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ؿһ²һܰ㽩Ӳԭء
ϵĿڴóһɫҩ裬ʾԱߵʹӽι²Уʾ˽Ѻȥˡʱ̳ѾһѵĲ֫ϱۣѪż̳ʯʣγһļ׷

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ѪѾʼͽѪˡ
ĽȥܿkԴ
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֪ͨλˣеӰԶȥ



022 ոؾ
廷ռ̨
ʷٷҴһϮɫķվڸ̨ϣһɨʦŵǵߣԪص޴ڡ
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һǽʦ˵հҽתһֱرļɡʱǾͱҪѧϰһֳħת
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ǲ˲ų켺ͬ࣬һҲƷ

٤޴½ÿ춼гǧ˱Ϊ׸ѪļƷɱ˲ڸǳһЩĳְҵߣЩ类ƺΪѪߡӵнӽ߽ʿѪɢҲսʿ
Ѫߣ
е̷İʿѪרצ𣿡ʷٷҰԵ
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ĿǰѪѾӵԼͽ˲䣩ӵԼʦ˾ӵн̻ĻѪߣҪѾɣԼĽ̻Ȼˡ
׶ѧɸѪĹϵС
ʷٷҸеǣѧɺǽ˳Ҳ֪Щʲô
ǵĺѧɡѧɡ仯ѧɺ׶ѧɡ
ԭԤߡԤѧɣäŮ׻Ѿȫǡ
׶ѧҪĻѧɿ׵壡
ʷٷԸмǡҵҪ׶ѧɵ˵ҪʲôǲôĵĲرİѪ񣡡
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ֱʷٷ׶ѧҪʲôĻӦҲʱˡ
ڶ졣
廷ڣĸ߽ʦʼѧԺھۼռ̨ʦݶŮ׵Ĵµһʦ½硣
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Ƶռ俴Ҫƽ࣬ϵ֮ǽǱںƬռ궯ħҲðࡣ֮ڻֳԵ򣬲ϵ׳Ѿ֮ڷܿǴл֮ɱ䣬ѾΪĻ
Īʦ
ոһŵǰվ
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ոĺŵǰվ
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ʷٷ׼һ·򵽹Ŵż



023 ħ֣һ
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һˮڰУ̴Ӱҡ
ʮռ̨ʽʦڴڲͣæµʱʱбѾͨĪʦѾ1ǰվ
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024 ħ֣
Щ¶ħƷ̬
Ĵħ켼Ǻ飬ħ˶ħӪҳΪ˶ħΪԼͬҲתΪħkǿһµתʽԽţͷˡˡʳʬȵȵҲħ
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ڹʱӲ͵ĶħҲ˥ڣӵڶħʼѾĶ֣ħǱȫѹƣں嶼ԼħӪΪħ
ʱںħĲˡ
ǶħĻսȼٶ25ǵԨħʷٷø֪ɨһܡ
ô˥ˣħͬǶԪѶԸĵˣ
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ԶԸħҪѷڵһĨ
Ҫѧ֪ʶԼĹֶΣҪȻݻڶħͿԲϵظⷽĸ֣kǾͺӵȨ޵GMһλɱħֱӽڵһĨ
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ڶħֵ֪ʶ˵꣬ϾkǶԪǡ
߰۵ڵĶħڸάȵ壬ԲܹսҲ˺ĶħֲŻӵϷҵĸҪɾֶΡܳɱkǡ
ħǼΪ̬
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ʷٷӪתһȦǼռƻ¡ȥܿ
˵꣬ٻħֱ̺ڿն
֮ԶǻɵģϸĲ棬ǻ˸ĵط֮ڵλȹȥ֮࣬ĵӣԭ顢ӰħȵȣħҲƬռ䡣
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غ󿴵һƬĺŨİɫҺ壬Ŵ棬Ǹ治ͬЩ濴Ҫһ㡣ﱻħֹЩѾȾ˶ħĻ򣬽̬ҲǰնħĻɱ䡣
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ϾԶħǲ̫ԸȥЩ顣
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µĶħûô˵ɣ
ħɱ¾kǱΪսͻ֣ʷٷҺ֪ܵļһɲ򵥡
צħ½λĶħ֣֮ȻԴֱӷȻǱעǰĶħ˹׶Ρ
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ʷٷԲЦһǰצħ㷢һĲҽǰħԣ
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צħĵթħһթħ
թħǵħȡеĶħ֣ЩħֱŲͬħŷŭħĻǰһ￴ž͹ͷԵôǰħ
ʷٷҼʵΪʲôͶӰתһ½λצħɢĵģһĹͷɱ걾
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Ҫ֪ħڶص֮һ
ȻkڷڶлԪ棬ǱϾѾǹȥˡ
ʱ
ʦǱʧȥ˶Զħľη֮ģħҲΪǵоĿꡣ
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ʷٷעǰצħһı㸡ֳһƬǽյͶӰеǸڰԨģ
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ȻѾ֪˶ħϳģôʷٷȻȿһµͼ
λáצħе㵨սľ
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ƬǽձԵش
ʷٷһɨüطôһԨڣ
˵ǽڰԨʷٷҹӦҲһȽϴİλ棬Ԩֻһ޵ԨĵطǵħԴֶħѴڣһϾкüССĶħħΪӶɹˣĵطһħ͸ҳưԡ޵Ԩ˵Ƕħ֮ˣ㿴ЩԳƹħӵļһûһǺ³ġ



025 ħ֣
ڰԨ
ʷٷҵĹӦһλ϶棬Ħ̩̫ңԶǹȥҲǺס
ȽϿԪλ棬ʷٷҷһ£еĶħ֮һλħ
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kǺڰԨǿһħ
ħһЩԱŭļһɾȻСĽkйһβµĹħǴƢһֻгԹŻý
˼ʷٷ૵
һħ
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֪ûйɵħͦǰǶ˫̥ħŮģ
Ħرáʷٷе㻳
ڵʱ߰ҲһЩеķ糱˵ʿʩҪһħŮûУǱȽûӵ顣ǻѾҪŮĴʿҲץƿ裬ħ̺ġ
š
ʦǸʱеŮѾϡٵʷٷҶҲĳ̶ˡ
ܿ졣
ʷٷҵб˴µļƻǰеֲ̿צħָ̧һĹֱӽŹǿצħԴڣŽһСڷӡ˶Էϡ
ˡ
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ڋֻܿԵˣǿϧһԪ׺



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Լ϶Ҳǲ֪ģ֪ԺϹƣҲû˼ȥоԼĹȥʷٷȺ΋ṹҲȡѪҺл飬Ľе֣ӵг75%ǻ߱Ⱥ㡢ŮȵȵĻ򣬶ںһͳԴӱʷٷҴ½Ϻ󣬶㰮½صҪԭǺûôóԵġ
ܹ죬Ǻܼ˵ĸ졣
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ڋоõԺ˵Ŀǰʷٷûôʱȥʵ顣
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󲿷ħҩĲ϶ħйء
ʷٷԼ˵ǿӰ۲֮۵ʬ廷ûϴһ֮۵ʬ棬ȻһСʬп鱻ʦãѾ˴ŵ顣
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ʷٷֱӿżɽл֪йҲû㹻ľȥȤĻ׼ЩϢ㡣
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λһۣ˴˰нһΪ׵Ŀԡ
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036 Ȼ
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ԤߡһϮɫŮ׳վʷٷҵߣԱһˮӳ͹ŴʹӰλŮ׳ɵʷٷҸ¡
û𣿡
ʷٷҿ΢Цû¡ô˵Ҳһ߽ʹǿڹģʲô鷳
ʹҲġԤߡɶԴ˹Ŵʹһ˿⡣
˭˶ȡ˼˼ҲǸкøС
ʷٷҺ⡣
ھͺһŰֽȻ츳߿˼벢ûй̻ܹӰʱֻˡڻܰ˼תһЩôδǸܸı⡣
߽ʹĸӦ̫ǿˣҲֻһȥǱĬӰ
١
Ҫôˣ
ʷٷҵĹ۵棬ǻа˼涼Ǻ׳ַӵģ޷ͨȫҹִ£
ϣŴʹҲ
ȥʲôʹ֮ҲãλҲãʷٷҾ͵ðһ¡
Ǻͬǰġӹ֮˵ƫУе͡
Ӫİġ
ðɡԤߡ־һѭ
Ҳ
ʷٷ޿κεصͷðɡзִ硣
ʷٷҸҪǰ٤޴½𣿡Ԥߡתƻ
ʷٷҵͷš
ǱߵľѾܻˡʦѧɸ׶ˣѧϹۣ֪ıʲô˲ľٶ쳣ѾϳΪһļ׼һʢļʽ
ѪӦÿ
ԤߡԳһµʷٷҸ°Ѱɯϰɡ
õģǸճ߲û򡣰ɯͬäŮ׻ܹϸ²æ
Ԥߡߡɯ
ӦäŮ׻ļ̳ߣΪһЩ˫ѺۣȻѪϵϵ˴˰һ𣬵黹Ҫͨһµġʷٷ˲̫òֻ֣ܿԼ뷨ˡ
Լܡ
ͺԤߡȥʷٷҵһҲȥӰܡͰɯòżߵƶȣǾѪ׹ϵģǶȴδбΡ
šһġʷٷҵͷ
˵ꡣ
ʷٷ˲ʺţ˻һâʧǰ
廷
ѧԺѾȫ̶̼ʱڣѾʮλ߽ʦǱǡ
ǵľڲ̫˵
׶ѧɾӪǧʱ䣬ӰʱھͿʼ٤޴½ʵԶѧеĸǿһ㡣֮£ѧǺھŴżʱģ仯ѧǴһЩŴܾзչģʷ͵̶Ȳ׶ѧɡ
ѧϺ٣Ϣǿǹ
Ψһĺôѧɵ٣ǵѧٵһĪսǿóˡ
ڡ
һäŮ׻εĵ³УʷٷҵӰ˴ڡ
ΣԱߵŮסҹȡ
λ̿ŮѾԤߡ£˹׶ѧɺ˲Ķ
ϹѾˡ
ҹŮһư׻գ൱ĿҲͨ˿ʷٷ΢΢ʾѧ򣬵ͼ
仯ѧɵЩȫûӣæָ׶ѧɡ
ѧƺҪѹˣ˳ѵһ˲䡣
ǵ̸˶ԼĴ㡣
ϹŵĶ򡣡ʷٷҳ˼һµѧǱҲ˶ţǿ϶ı
ҹŮ׵ͷͻȻʷٷҸ¡
һֱϹŲ׶ѧִߣıӦûһظӹϵĴڡ
һЩֻǿ׶ѧɱϵ
ҷһЩ׶ѧɵ˲Щ˸˲ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ף
Ļ֣
ʷٷŶԷĻü֪ˡ
һע⡣
ʦóļһܶ࣬ϹŵıҪǻ˵Ļô͵עˣΪǼпһ߽״ϵʦ
Ϲִ׶ѧѾˡ
ѵаʱڵϹţʷٷҰԵ
ĶͼϣǼǵðʱȷʵֹһЩǿʩߣЩ˺ˣȻҲų˼Ǳ


048 ж
Ԩѿڡ
ħ̾԰Դ֮Ħ̩󣬴ķ֮׹ϡ
ȻʷٷҵȺɵ֮ۺ͹۲ۣ֮ʧȥ۾֮ǲûֹͣʴĦ̩ĽŲ޾ѾһͷµϹаkΪߡʹǻǨƵǳƵ黹أֻаٶԶû޾ô죬½ϵķ֮ʦǵע⡣ƶ֮صѪ½ͽǱʷٷҸɵģһߣҪȻ϶ҲðһЩµϹа
ڴ½Ⱥ֮ۺ͹۲ۣ֮֮ƺǺܼɵʱûµϹа֡
٤޴½ߵȽ⡣
һعϡ½أҪ٤ֺɣ˫ìһֱܾң½˿ֻܾмǧңһƶ֮ص˿ڶࡣҪ֪ŵ˾ǧϾ˿ڻҪһЩͬĺں˿Ҳ٣ڴ½ĵ˿ڽΪܼϲһֱʺ纣ɢ٤޴½ٷ֮ʮϵ˿ڶܣڻҰشһֱҰħ԰
͵ûȥЩ׹ڻҰеķ֮ԨѿڳΪ٤޴½ħĴӪ
ʱ
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ǵĴ࣬ЩͿĨͲʣŲɫë˾һͳʦЩʦһϣħƿһȫ޶ãһ˾һ·ͨĽԨѿڵ
˾
ǵˡһλʦ󹧾
ܿ졣
Ⱥ߳һλȫڶеŮףժԼĶ¶˼ΪΣϸޱȵ֫һѪɫţγһ˵SߡλŮ׵ݼΪͷǳļΣ°λ˳ŰľһѪɫ洩һϮļ˾ۣޱȵͫɨһˣɳƵܺá
׼ٻѪµʹٰ߽ɣ
λŮȻģżΪޣɫȴ͸һ˿ϡ
üͷһǰĻ壬һֱǷɳһȺĳӣֱӽͷʳʵǱ׼ôˣ
ϹѾ˵עһ̴Ӱʦ˲Ҳʼжˡ
شʦڲҲѪɫ࣬õͳ˾kѾ쵽ǵļƻˡ
ߡŮһһͷ޴Ұޡ
ҼȻܸkȻҲɱk
ְɡ
ΪѪµʹ׼Ʒ
ʮʦ˷ɢ׼ĳּƷΪ׵Ůһ·ԨѿѪⸯǰ˸һ˿Ĺâ̰оη־塣
ħѪŹ·ӣŮһ·߽Ѫⸯڣ佫Լɰ
ͳ૶
ʦ϶¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫĳֿȣǳӴļ׷עһɹĪ£ѪʼطģǰӴѪⸯҲ𽥵ĿήѪ֮ŷۣһĹͷӰС

λڷĹͷſ˵˵һ仰һּ׷ʦһҽУǵ쳣ķʽŤϵسڲѪ˿߰㳯ۣԭֻһŤĸʬš
һѪɫڳӵġ
ͻȻüһڱ㽫Ѫˣűϸһ˿֮ɫѪѪ
ܵʦǷֵĽ
ɢӡ
ʱѪⸯ߱߳ԭȵλŮףǰĳӣָḧգߡҵ
õѪ
һεľ񲨶ǰӵУı𽥱ãȻͣĬĬվŮ׵һĿܡ

Ů׷ֹЦ漴üͷҵŸʲô
׼뿪
ɢӵʦ¾£ǶǸɳſ־壬ǿԷֻһƤĹȺΨŮ׸ҿԶΪһʦۡ
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ŮעӴ͵ģսĶԵΪkļ˾̷˵k꣬ͷ޴Ұ޻ʧˡ
Ҳò취k
ѾܹһУ
ȻkûȥִȨôұؽȡ֮
ҵһĵѾܾˡ



049 ж
٤޴½ǡ
ڲϵʷٷͻȻ̧ͷüͷԶ૵
ڸոյһ˲䡣
1ɨ赽˴ʽĲ෨׼ʱܴܳ󣬿ɶĴ󷨡ʷٷʵ1ȺҲ˼Σָ˲ٵĿǰ1ſԶɨصǧﷶΧڵľŻϷԺ͸ճǵļӳֿɨһϵĳǿǰʷٷҵֻɨŻϣҲǴ漶ķովϷ˴漶ʽ
ʷٷҸ¡ôˣߡɯԺʵ
ʷٷҡҡͷûʲôֻѾ˿ʼжˡ
漶ʽ
Ҳ֪˭׼ģҪʲôʵ̫ԶˣĴҲҪʱ䣬ӦѾȫˡ
˵꣬ʷٷҷеĹž׶ѧɵǰӦþǰʱڵ׶ˡ
û뵽ǾȻܵͷȥѧϰʦķ
٤޴½ǳǰƶȡ
ڰʱһͻˣǸʱʼڹǱ˳ʷ̨ʦǿʼִ½Ȩȵǵʦѧɾѧɺ׶ѧɣѧڰĩڳ֣仯ѧһֱſʼɴ˵춨ͳνײ㡣׶ѧɴӰʱھ͸˲ϵУʷٷû뵽׶ѧϵϯʦϹžȻһ˻ѪǶߡɯġ
ѹֳô
ʷٷվ׼жɡ
εĿѪ׶ѧɣʱȥᡣ
ܿ졣
廷ĸ߽ʦǱͷǡʷٷҸ¡
εжʷٷָӡ
廷ǲԪسصҪԱЭʦǱ֧ԮһһֶŮӵʦɣ൱ԣġ
ʷٷҸ¡
һռ̨ʦ߽ѧԺϢ
ά˶Ѿˣ
ڸ٤޴½·ϣͻﵽ
ά˶ʦˣ
Ϣʷٷһ£漴ϲɫܺáǵλ֪ͨ
Դ֮ս۽ά˶ʦΪ⵽ɶٱľ棬󲻵òʦӡڻԪͨڡѯʷٷҵͬ廷Եά˶ʦѾǳɹں֮ˣ
һ˷׷ж
׶ѧɵϹѾһʷٷ׼벶ȸں׶ѧɵһѪʵƽԭѾ˿ڵ䣬ѪзʽѾüޣ׶ѧɾԲkɹȻᰵжָʽСǵļƻʷٷҶٿԲµһ㣬յĿĿ϶Ϊ˶ȡѪҪľ˫֮ʼʰо֡
ϲֿԻˮľˡ
ƽԭ
һСǱ߲ŸոսսһӵİüͷƲƲµʬ壬ͬЩ˳󣡡
ǵĶ
走
ڰӶоܽӲ
ԱһƵֲ԰Ůףĸװ˵Դ͵׶ѧóʹʹöҩЩкǿЧЩҩûˡ
˵꣬ó˼ƿīɫħҩ
˵ĸӺСһŮԲĸ黳Щε߶ʷٷµľ
˰ɡ
ŵˡһЩħҩʱˡ
ЩµĦ̩ԭסʦħҩų⣬ЩĸħҩʦǸ⣬žǡȺôôûĿ˳һЩħҩ˶ˣҹкҪԸȥɮֶΣֻµѧĲҩ
ԷܾĻŮײ¶ʧ
Ա߸ɨսɮ˹ְ˰˵ĺϣһɴע˶ԷڡɮӵһЩ򵥵ÿܹʹõĴޣͳ߶ǰ׶ࡤµѧߣóҩơ
ڱѾɨɾˡ
һŮ԰վʰһ¡׼ǰ
ֽɯ¹һλ߽εߣҲа˵ĶӳλŮ԰Ѿʮˣɻһֲ԰ŮΪĽ˥ϵٶȱܶࡣ
һ¡
·ʲôֲ԰Ů׼æҵռһЩѪߵϡ
ǵѪ֡
µǶʱеλԸΪֲ԰Ů쳣ٶȿʼǰķѪߣһЩѪ֯ȡ˳
һֱǶӦλֲ԰һͰһѪĻ硣



050 жģ
ƽԭ
˲俪ʼۣǵ˾˽ӵԼ飬岿䶼ǿʢǽأճΪ٤޴½ס˵Դ׷ݵǰƺΪСҰˡԭʼˡʳ塯ȵȣ˱˴½һߣֵرռ콨
׶˵ԭʼ
ĲͬǷǳӼʽ˵Ĵͳ׾ѪһصӰ쵽˰
ƽԭ׼еʢʽһģƴѪҪ­塢Ѫ֣˲䣬ҲѪɵֱϵԱǰ˵ԭʼ壬Ŀǰϵ˲䣬񶼱һЩʳ˵ĴͳǰʱսУץ˴ķ²Ҳˣ󲿷ֶս̲ܺ壬ƷǴЩѡ
ڶ̶̰µʱ档
˱ｨӪأһɳӼ࣬һ߿ʼʢļ̳٤޴½ŵ׶ۼڴˡޱȣ׶ɵȷʵǲСÿһڶи߽ڣЩ׶ΪѪĶѾвٽΪ档
ٹ⡣
һʵӰʷٷҵ࣬ʷٷҸ¡ǵ˸ˡ
ϹѾ˵ڡ
ʷٷҵͷʾ֪ŵʽӦ⼸ھͻˡ׼
϶ѪķʽɹУ׶ѧɵĿһµģ׶ѧɰıĶʲôһѪɹΪ飬ǵļƻͲʧˡʷٷҶĽѪ񽫻׶ѧɵƿǰԼȼп֮ĲϣǸʱԸѪ൱ˡ˵ѪͲ׶ѧɣȫ齨̷ԼĽ̻ᡣ
ʷٷҸ¡
άά˶ʦѾˡһռ̨΢е
ʷٷҵͷȥӭӡ
ڿά˶ʦӰı鲻һ£漴̾Ϣһȫתˣ
šά˶ʦúضɳƵ
˿̵ά˶ʦһϮɫĳۣûмӳκεαװħܹѵƤԼƤҽȼյļ֯ѵƤʱʱлðͫѾȼյһ𣬹ͺͺԴӡһӡķڵǿά˶ʦά̬ɫ۷ӡһϢǼɿԸоϮ·ǰһƵĻɽ
̬
ȫԪػ塣
˿ά˶ʦʷٷҵĸоͺǻԪλİ飬嶼ѾںΪһˣڷвϵر仯Ӧıһߴʮ׻ȼħ
ά˶ʦѾԵ
ĿǰڳԪذĽײתлȫѪ֮תΪԪ֮ɵ塣
Ҫǰȥ
»ᱻλų⣬ֻԪλ
Ѿܵˣʷٷַά˶ʦͺͺԴϣķӡλųŨĻ֮ͺһ㱡Ĥƴѹ彫ϳȥ
ǵġά˶ʦıƽ뿪Ԫͨ󣬾͸ܵһų
Ͼİ޷İԡ
ʷٷҿŶԷ𽥸ɿݵĴأҡͷ̾Ϣô죿
ά˶ʦ¶һ˿ЦݣȻ΢еˣſǹ棬廷δҺܷġ
Ҷ˵ܹάڵ̬ҸһѾ൱ˡ
֮ǣ붨ڻԪλ档
ʷٷԵͷҲáʱѧԺڻԪλ潨һ
չⲻ̽ĴԪλġ
ά˶ʦԪλ֣
1ŵɨУǰά˶ʦѾķΧڻԪͨں»۵ģҲ˵ڻԪλһֿλΪ
һ·
ά˶ʦӴأΪ²ȹĴضή´ˣǻԪλŻɵĸšһЩԪλֹĵطֵػԱûߣά˶ʦڵֻ̬ҪӴؾͻĴԪصƽ⣬˵ӡĻµؿֱӾͻҽˡĿǰ̬޷ӦλģֻлԪλʺӡ



051 ߱񣡣һ
һƬ಻Ӫڡ
Ƶæµڳﱸʽ󲿷֣ѪޣյϣľͺƤսĵȵȣЩѾڽʱռ˲٣˿ڽ̳ܡڷʽʷٷ˽ò࣬Կ϶ѪĽͽ֪Ҳ࣬Ħ̩ϻδֹ飬ڷʽļضǧǰĹżü򵥵һЩеĻ档
ܽһµĻʽҪĲ־ǽ߾١
ĹȾһİλ棬ͽתΪߣаˡǶУǸ磬Ħ̩û̫ѡأϵǿ϶ģѪĹֻĦ̩֮ϡ
ʱݡ
ѪŸٶ꣬ʱkӦ޷رԵkӦò󣬶ӦķʽĹģҲʵС
ҲΪʲôk˵
ܿ졣
һʱȥˡ
ҹĻ𽥽٣˵Ӫȼһ֧֧ĻѣǧĻѽܵԼԼս
Ƶ̤Źĵ˹ϵļ赸
һΧȴУƧӽżʣ׶ɵǼ˵һƷҪǸָޣͬʱһݲϵŴ£ǽǡܵѪͿĨصͼϡ
ţ
׶ɵָŷѪشЩͼ
Х
ܵһӱðűҰޱĲҽ𣬻صƽԭĿҰϡЩͼսܵ壬飬ͼٵ̳ͻȻһƬѪɫѪӰ֣һڽЩȥ
kҪͳһ˵ôͱԭʼɡ
ʽԽ
˷ܵ˫Ŀ죬Ѫܱ¶ڹһ˷ܼһǵѪ𽥷ڣԽ
аԶڰзʽ
ѪķʽѾ˵һڵʱʮңȥkҹ߾
ʮ⡣
ʷٷվһɽԶĻ⣬üͷ˼һ£߷Ը׼
Ӧûҹʽ
ƽԭһа֣ѪְʷٷҲ̫ӦǸѪˡսйأԶûôթkԻ϶Ϊϡ
ԶĿҺ𽥱ͳһ
ʷٷĲ࣬Ϊ൱ƧѶÿ嶼̫һһͳһ
Ѫ֮
ںšѪ֮
սʱüƵ˿ʼż̳ݣһķ²ѺȥȻһɱѪ˳ż̳ʡ
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̳һǶըƷˣѪķʽӲϣǧ¶һ˿ֵı顣
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ԱߵҹŮ׵ͷӦ׶ѧɵˡ̲סˡ
ʷٷſڸ˵Ȼɫһ䣬ӰֱڿնϹаϢ
֮ǵצˣ
֪ʱ
һѪ¸֡
Ѫɫ¹˴ϣһжӳյùԶѪŭĳХһͷѪɫƬڿնӪصϷһȦ
һƬƬҽص
ԼԼԿһӰڿն𣬸еѪײһ¡
˵ӪڶѪɫ֣еȫѪѪż̳ۣһӿѪ񣬶һӿһεΪ̫ԶʷٷҲԿ϶Ǿһ
ʷٷҸ£
㿴Ǳߣߣһλռ̨ʦ
Ѫµ¡
֪ʱͻȻһȺߣħںڰбƽǴ˷Χһɫ˳ӿ
Ѫħʷٷұkʲôʱ򵽴Ħ̩ˣ
սۡ
ʷٷҵһϹаｻֹkӵ֧ѪĿȫ޷ɱõkûκεİ취ͷӦϣڲ֪ʱѾĦ̩


052 ߱񣡣
֮ǹȻѾע⵽ѪĴڡ
kΪʷٷȺɵ֮ۺ͹۲ۣ֮Ħ̩ϵʵȽͣ޾֮ȻһµϹаǺֺϰֻ֮ʷٷҲ֪͵͵Ѫħ͵ϡ֮ۺ͹۲֮ۻڵĻѪǵk֮ǲòѪµԶңʹħϮѪ
ʷٷҸ¡ǸöˣҹŮƺеż
ʷٷüԶԸǵȶ֡
ʱҪ
ѪйŹ֣
һʱ䣬ƺƵħӿ˵ĴӪǰǸߺɱߣǲŸոսѪķΧڣ㿪ʼĸñһѪģͺϽһ
ʷٷҵӰҲѪС
ŸոմЩ1ű㷢˼ľ

ɨ赽֮ѪȾ
ɨ赽δ֪Ѫ򣡡
ŸոսӴЩѪʷٷұо˵Ѫе㲻ȣ¶Ƥ΢ĴʹУһֳſһεϣԼܡѾѪȥһãѪƺֻԻЧܵĻûʲô仯ѪӦͬĳ֧ѪkʵʷٷеҪǿһЩ

һ˻
ڼ̳λãͻȻһЩߴ׵ˣǵıƤѾȫ䣬¶ʺɫļ֯ġ
ѪߣʷٷüԼϢ
ٸѪ߱ļˣػڼ̳ܣӿħＤҽսһЩŵ׶Ҳʼʩ˵ɳ˴ƬĶ棬ǳħʩչĳ䷨ԿħԾ˵ٶȱ˥·ǻ
䣡
дһ졣
Ѫ񳤴ʮ׵˳ȥk¶һ˵˿ڣǽŵkǳ·սһѪһ˿߳ŵkۣת֮ѪƾѾȫˡ
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һöĺ챦ʯʷٷҵģͻȻŸһɲǼ䴩Խ˿ռסɢĴڡ
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֮۱ħϮ廷λʦӡ壬ԺҲûκϢ·ǳ״˼һ



058 ߱񣡣ˣ
汼ڣ
ƽԭĻԪض궯·һ̾пܱߣʷٷҸӦµҽԪڱĳԤһеĻƽԭĵνֹܵƻ
侲һ㣡
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ʵϡ
Դ廷ǰԪسϯʦ屻ߺ˶ΪѾ޷ѣԴʷٷҲûκΰ취Ǹʱ֮ǵ̫ǿˡ
֮ۻڡ
۲֮۲֪
˶ûȥʲôֻ취ӦǰѾ档

ǰԪسϯʦȷʵˣпܱ֮Ϊ˴Ѫħ壬˵иĺ壬Ϊʷٷ֪֮һֱҪһ塣
ĿŭƽϢ
ʷٷҲ鷨ƽϢά˶ʦŭ𣬵˿̵ıɺܷŭһƬ𺣱ǳǰѪħƺҪѵkȫɾѪħѾ˥࣬ʱܵѪѾĴϹаһзһҽһһرȼճɻҽ
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ǲ˷ɢһǰʷٷҺά˶ʦ

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ܵȾɨ赽Ϲаǧɻߡʶ֣ǿеǣ
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ʷٷԼǰſһ֮»ϣ͵طŸӰɨ
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kϮʷٷҺά˶ʦͬʱֻӰս
Ϲаеĸӽթ
˿ʷٷҾһѵľ棬һǼ׷ЩӰ壬һǱסά˶ʦԼڳˡ
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ʷٷҲûаסЩ˷ɢӰ壬ѡȱס˵
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ڳ˻ٶմȾǧɻ߷ֻĶ壬ǾͺǲһǱڣո׳ȫȡʶĿꡣʷٷĿǰûа취ֶ֮ȴԾǡ֪ʶŸոմӺʦн
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αʧع֮սʱĸͺܲȹ̣Ѿ޷Ԧܵǧɻߵʴһʱ緢Ļɽ־;ڳϾĿ顣
Դˡ
ʷٷҷǳĵǣ
Ϊά˶ʦʵȻǿ󣬿ھ񾳽ϲûȫﵽһʦı׼


059 
ǧɻϹаսֻܹŵΣΣȴһ֡
ǧɻ߿ԳԵκˣϹа񣬵ϵ˵ΪǧɻߵʴҪһ־ԿԽǿĴ־ԽᶨΪʼսߣǧɻߵսͨа࣬kɹ˴ǿߣôĴھǸ֮ƣֻkһаʶ塣
ʷٷҴ򿪲ʺŽ˴͵ٶ
ûЩ˽ֲ԰ǽ䰲˸⣬֮Ĵʱ̫֪
ֲ԰ڡ
ʷٷ߽ʱŮָϰٸСŮæµڰٻУȻСŮǴ󲿷ֵʱ䶼Ϸ֣ÿʻʢʱǶЩճ
ʷٷңˣ
~
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űһ漴¶һı飬ʷٷҷһȦܵȥˣôմôණ
˵ꡣ
Ůóһɫĺŵ֦ʷٷһһȦ
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һƬļХ𣬴εĶҷһ˿˿޵ĺʷٷҵϰ룬ڰлһϱ任ŤݡڴȻɢʷٷҲͻȻظɸС
ǣʷٷҲ˱ŮеĴ֦
ھʷٷϵĶ󣬱ŮЦеطɵʷٷҵļ£СסĲǵز˲䣬Ÿ˵ؾ֦ķȣôɣ
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Щ̫ˣһ쵽֪棬Ҳ֪飡
ŮԲ̾һһɸֵıڽôɻٻ¶û˽̵ĻǾͱֻҰˡ
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ΪʲôŴɫָֻ׸ǴССľͰȥˮĻ֮ˮ᲻е̫˷ˣ
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˴㳢ŮʷٷҵĲֲ˲
ʷٷЦḧһ±ŮԴɫһˡιҪæǳֶԸһЩаĴڣ϶մȾණܰҲһ𣿡
ԡû⡣ŮСظ
ܿ졣
ʷٷұֲ԰⣬Ůְɢ塣
ʦڿ˱ŮеĴ֦󶼸ֳһ˿޵̰֮ɫʷٷҵǿ£ǺʦҲصúܺáŮںʦ̬ȺĮҲϲ廷ʦʷٷû뵽ľȻά˶ʦ·ǿ͸оܲһ
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ЩɢȥӰ¾ۺϻҪһʱ䣬ֻ취׷kˡ
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ʦʷٷٶȥ֮İݷ֮Ѫ³ǻ˯֮ʷٷҵĵ˻ӭϲõ
kûʶȴ֪ʷٷÿιkö
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ʷٷһԼĸо
ԭʼ鱻֮ҪˣöԾʯ֮ȴһʵѡ񣬵kʷٷҴһʶ
аṴ֮̊
ѪıŰ֮ġ
ǧɻߵԾȱ
֮˼һǵkʷٷҾЩԾʯȻԻöԾʯڶɵköԾʯȻеΪȻ͸ʷٷңʷٷѸٻô֮
ǰ߿ԻöƷʵԾʯеҲʧ٣ʷٷҪܳʱ䡣
ҪҲܼȡ1ֵȫöԾʯҪʱ䣬ѪıŰ̺֮ߣһöԾʯͿҪһʱ䡣
ڶְ취ʷٷҿٻֵĻе֮ͻᱻ֮գʷٷֻܻô֮
ʷٷҿԽȻ͵ԣȴ̫֮ܽȻ֮
Ϊʦǵ³
Ҫǵ³ĻöԾʯĹʷٷֱӾͿԽΪ³ˡΪһʦʷٷҲڵȻ֮ռ̫ıҲǽ֮Ϊһ



060 
һöԾʯͬʱ൱ڳƷʵĴ꾧ʯ
ʷٷһǾ֮յеȻ󽫾󴿴֮ԼʷٷĿǰʵԼյٶʵ̫ˡʱ䲢࣬ʱ׼ŷ֮ǡ
ͬʱ֮ЩԾʯõkøǿ
ò˵
֮Ǻܹģkٸʷٷѡء
ʷٷѡ֮ԼԼһ˿ϲõűһ֦öԾʯ˹ȥ֮ȡϢǿŤӰ֣Ķӿȴ֮ԥ֦飬ģֱǰòˡ
һӴӿ˳
һַ֮ڣĹʼ׳ɳһֵӿ˹ıŮڣһ˿һط
ѽѽѽ
ҸоԼֱǿˣŮЦ
ͬʱ
廷ĳʵڣʵŮ׻һ𣬽űе㾪㵵ؿ˿ԼĪ̾Ϣһ
ðɡ
ǱŮֽˣ
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ۡ
ǰűŮġ
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֮󴿴ޱȵ֮עʷٷҵڣоԼͻĳһٽ㣬һӸоʵܵԵȫӳ֡ȫӳ֣ݡʡǾ֪ȵȣʷٷҶк
ĸо𣿡
ڵֵƺͻĳٽ㣡ʷٷ૵

ʷٷſĸ֪ƺǴһЩ1ŵƺҲһء
һֺĸо
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ְҲͺһݷǳҪĹȡӦĵλЩҴĹԼְҪΪЩְĹ
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ƺΪ˵ʷٷһԼԭǸѾήķ˳
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ô󷽣
޺ǰķȣһµģ
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֮ƺ൱Ŀ
֮Ѿкü񼶵Ĵˡ
СŮæµţȻϲϷ֣ǶŮǺܷӵģһæµطڻС뿪ǰʷٷεķһܣǾЩϲֵСŮǾȻڲȪ裡
ǻСľͰװ֮ˮȥһЩر޵Ļ䡣
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ѹҵ֮ˮֻô࣡ʷٷֹת뿪ֲ԰
ǼСһѾסˡ
´μ߱Ů
ЩܺȷʵӦúúùܽһˡ



061 ճ
ȻٶĸճѾ죬ʷٷҪɺܶࡣ
ڸԤߡ򵥻ʷٷұ㶨λ˸߽ʹ꣬׼ȥĻӦôûһͷֱӹȥǴһϮͨķ·˳㿴һճı仯Ρ
񸡿ճѾʦӰ󲿷äŮ׻ᣬٲ廷
ʦӪϵǲɱڵģĿǰճϵһʷٷҵŮţڶԤߡäŮ׻ᣬŮ׺ݶŮΪ׵廷פʦš
ռ̨˶ϣճǹҪΪѧϰ߶˵֪ʶ
߽ʹںĵ
ʷٷһ·߹ȥǡôʱ˵Ľ̸
ι
˵ΪʲôҪôĵ񣿡һӵΪʯ
·õʦ𣿡
֪ʱһӵҾͦ򵥵ġй׶ãôʲô
˵ҲǡǸӵͷһʮ㹱׶ȾͿԶһʷٷҵĽƻ䷽ˡ
أ
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ʷٷת뿪ˣǲɸһЦ⡣
Ϊ쳯ĴԽߣǵȻʷٷһŻħģٶĻ軹ûɣɵһǾ֪ΪʲôҪ÷ȥ·ˡҪûСɪܺˡ޷ṩȶڸЧԴʷٷҶ׼ٶϺʯ硣ĿǰԪ¯Ӧֻ㸡ճҪٶʱǲˣɪܺ˵Ҳûôס
ʷٷұħԪسϫӿṩȫȾԴ;
ɰһΪˮվܡ
ף
ɭ֮ʲôʱҲֵ³ˣʷٷҲվԭء
ھĵԶĵطʷٷҿλɭ֮ӣŮŶᣬǵģص㣬ƤֲںƤһŮԶˡƺǸոհݷùǻ۹ؿˣ˿׼뿪ٶɭ֣ע⵽ʷٷҵĴںǻò΢΢ʾ⡣
ʷٷҵͷӦûȥ̸˼
ˡ
һΣǻ۹ؿ˾ɭ֮ǺгΪ³ǱʣûκηͿӵж飬׼ɭ֮ѡһЩ츳˽е³ɣһѯʷٷҵͬ⡣
Դʷٷûκо
Ѿɭ֮ӱѡˣĿǰʩܵͣɭ֮ӦĳĻѪѪԴͷʷٷҷһ¡
ĿǰٶԱӣϾˡˡߵˣѪˣŵ˵ȵȵ֣ͬʱо顢ˡˡˡɭ֮ӵ壬һжȽϺг˶ѭʷٷƶĹɣЩѭȫΰķʽ˵ˡ
Ȼ
κεطлɫشڣʷٷҲٶЩɫ䣬̽ܣΪһ
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ǰܸ㶨Լ֮ȵֶŮǡ
ĵ
ǲ˴ŵ徲֮أΪλĴڣʷٷһЩơԶЧģԼʷٷҵŮͳٶƣȥܸѣĺԵ
·Ǹ֪ʷٷҵĴڣںĵλŮվӭӡ
ʷٷҸ¡Ů΢΢ʾ⣬һͷƯǳɫȶʮһϮɴİɫȹһλˮͨƺΪŮͺСŮƺΪһ
߽ʹ΢΢ͷʷٷҵˡ
Լˡ
ɯ
ô
ɯ
΢еϤ
ʷٷǲɳ˳飬û֣Цŵáɯ
ӭҵĸճǡ
ʱ򣬺֪Ķע⵽˲Զʷٷңؽµˣˣˣ
Կ㣡
Ұϴε䷽ãˣ
ɯ㣡
Ů㣡
ˣˣĸ㣡һֺõı顣
ʷٷֽӹ㣬ɫȴڹ۲Աߵĸ߽ʹɯȻؽӹҧһڣ·Ʒζʳ
ڳԶ
ʷٷûǴĻǲҪʳҲάģֻҪ㹻ˡ


062 
ĵϡ
ʷٷڰй۲ߵĸ߽ʹɯһʼȶһͨ˵ζڶߴߴ˵ʱ״ֻĻǲ࣬ʱԱߵĺŮҲһλˮŮԣʼ΢Цߴߴ˵żὫʷٷҵϡʷٷҸλӴ٣Ϊµĺ󲿷ֶɿˣһֱڲŻָһ㡣
ĸоΣʷٷߵԶɽĸ߽ʹɯߡ
תͷƳʷٷһۣԭʼ󡣻һЩааʦ
ʷٷвɿһ¡
ǰĸ߽ʹǱ㲻ɹһ˿ζЦĵ̡һѭƶĹɡ
Ƥһºܿඣ
ʷٷҲɵһۣκԭʼзչġ
ϵӽȥ壡
߽ʹɯ̧ƣһĹԸ֣ڿЩƺΪʦаʱһǿҵĳ嶯Ҫǡ
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ʷٷ΢΢ͷѧһֺҪĳɳ
𣿡߽ʹɯԴעʷٷңҲǸദʱ̫оֹһƣʼʱḻ࣬ôҶܸл㽫Ҹ
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Ϊл
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˵Ҫʺ纣Ĵأʲôʱȥʺ纣氡ĺˮǲĸʺһƯ

ʷٷ̧ڶԿᵯһ£ԳԳԣ棡
һ쵽Щ
ϸ¸㲼õҵ𣿡
˲ɫһ䣬װԼûгֹÿŵض˵ϣźƳӰӵʷٷҵߡ
ˡ
Ҹոʲôû˵ͼװûֹɣ
ʷٷ̲ס̾ϢԶĺŮЦɯҲɹһ˿ȣƽʱԹǿ飬һ仰˵ʲôãϲѧϰ



063 ֪ʶ
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ʹ֮ͬҪøףͬʱħĿҲϹаᣬkͨɸħһЩµĹʷٷҵĵҲһ㣬ʵ֤֮Ƕſֲ֧kȡħĻпܻǿĹצ
ħ˲أ
ֺڰԨϹаﱻǳƺΪ֮ԡһ鲼Ǻ͹ѪܵĴԣӵǿ󵽿µkֱӲٿ˵飬λħҲ⡣
µǵkܹתһЩɫа飬ʷٷǰǸЩаħԸת
ʷٷһȡϢ֮Ӧǰ񼶵Ĵڡ
ʵҪ֮ۺ͹۲֮۸ǿ֪ħ⵽ǿϹаֻôҵ³ڰԨѾ˻УŸ֮۵ɢڰԨ겻ȫתΪħǱһָӿֲа
ħǽƺΪаʹͽ
һиĦ̩̥¼ûκεϵΪаֵ֮ıҪһ㣬Ħ̩Ӧ֮ǵһʶ
廷ռ̨
ʷٷĵصȴݶŮ׵Ĺ½ҲһЩǺܺõϢ
Χ½ԽŨˣѾʼ½ӣλڣżϮˡ
ʬʼϵظϮԭס
ո᲻õҲת飬ƺƬƽѾĳֿµˡ
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ԪسϯѾˡһͷ˽
廷Ů׵΢е࣬ǰƽģϾ츳Ů࣬ԴäŮ׻Ტ֯Ů׵ͶԪسغֲ԰ϯŮףϯλŮռ֮ЩŮǿǰúݣһҪµļơڳΪʦÿµѪ״̬ŮԵʵ˲٣һ˿ڣ˵Ѿˡ
໹ǱȽȨġ
ŮӸλ׶ٻе黳ҺʷٷһεѧԺϯǵġ
Ĺϵ
Ҫǻɾ֣ͳ黹Ǻڰ飬ŮԵȨλܸߣ߸ȫŮ̬⣬ߵȴѪûһһεĸѪ״̬ǵһֱܵ͡
ݶŮɫ΢еƣ롣
һܲõϢǾǽڱӡѾʧˡ
Ѿ֣֮ʷٷһʧһ㣬ΪŴʦķӡι̣û뵽Ȼųһµ
ήߣ֮ӣ
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ʷٷҲ֪֮ǵжٵʶͬʱעŶٵطжٵıڽУһȷʵǸܵ˼ѹʱȽ⣬ʷٷһָʵ࣬ǻǳֶԸĺʱпߵ˻սǸʱ˴ĵѡ
ʵ֤Щ鷳ǲӱܵġ
ִڻɵȽϺãҪȻҲǸ鷳
Ҫһٶʷٷҵ
ܳˡ
kģĽޣⲻһܶԸǿˣ
̥ĳ־ֱס
ʷٷұȥֹһУ⿿һ˵ǲģԸҪЭʱ֮ˣ


069 
ٶ
սҵڣһһλŮװŮڹ֣ǰߵıӰҪ࣬΢ҪôһһСӸں档
ȿ˹㣡Ҷˣ
ղŲǲų˵𣿡
ҾǶ˰
ϻſء
ֻڰеĿ꣬СһӣͻĹĵģ̯ʾѾûˣЩֲڳˣȿ˹㣡ҪСɣ
Ůͳȿ˹Ŷһֱ׳ģḧͷСԴָһµû취
ܿ졣
ǵĶõԼҪСɣ̵СӸں档
ٶڵ˿ʮȻܸǰĳᲢۣڵǰʱѾǱһĴˡ˿˹ˣٶս٣ͬʱԭĿɽѾȫǨƵߣٶڳҾơȵȵĲƷʷٷ˿ڵפкܿͻͻʮ˿ڣԵǰʱ˿̫ܼǳҡ
̼ʲôʱ
˵Ҵزġ
Ųʲôʱ
ϴλ˵ҪҴС
ʦʲôʱ
Ĳʺˮ⡣
ʲôʱ
ԣһҪҶ飡
ϣ
ۣ~ȿ˹㣡ΪʲôԴίͰ͵̧ͷ
Ůͳȿ˹ֺֺЦؿǰĶץסݺһ쵽֪ԳԳԡҪԸ֮ǡæġϧǰﲻʲô
ô϶ûģ
ȿ˹С㶢ŶһͻȻ˼ǲǸǸʹɯϵܺð
šǺѡСɵͷ
Ϊ߽߽ʹôԸȿ˹С㻹ûôɯǶһ档Ƕȿ˹Сһʱ򣬸߽ʹɯͲ߽ͬʹɯһĻȿ˹СҲܿǡǸ߽ʹɢʵ̫ǿˣȿ˹СǿעоĿδӵ˴ʥ塣
ôඣŮͳȿ˹ò
ȻˡŮ㻹ҪеСݵ
ȿ˹𣿡
˵ôӦܹ˵æɣһֱûʲô𣿡
߽ʹϢٶȺܿ졣
˵ĿܻҪһ㣬˵һȡϣʷٷҵͼѾûҪ֪ʶˣٶĴй䣬۲һЩΪϰߡ
Ŷʹôһ԰ﵽ˵ģȻ
šȿ˹С΢ЦҵһðֵĻ϶õ佱İɣ
˵вٽ
ԶʱСɶˣСӵݸԱߵĵȿ˹С㣬˷ܵȿ˹㡣Ȼȥɡȥʹ㡣
˵һܵˡ
ͬʱ
ʷٷҵӰҲ˲ʺϣ֪ͨһԤߡǽֲ԰ڡ
СŮǻӡ
ϴκôֻСŮǺܺߣֶʷٷҳģʻ͵͵ţɨݵһˡ
֮ڵŮ񣬻Ӧý̡
ʷٷҺܿƬȣϴȸԵ˲ٵĶҪܡ¹ǡӥȵȵȻꡣŮУѾ࣬ǱʶʷٷҶݽһ£Ȼ״̬
ŮɳҪʱ䣬Ͼ͵̫ˣǺǿȻ֮顣
ʷٷһ·ߵ˽ɫǰ
һ֦΢ҡţʷٷҵĵƷϣͨʶʱ鴫˽ɫ
Ĺ̺ܼ򵥡
Ͼ֮һʶ̬Զûô뷨kʾԸʷٷҶԸͬʱʾƽǴȻƽ⡣֮뿪˵kڸûɻ
Ⲣѵǿ֮
һɫĹԻۣڽɫĶ˽һöɫ
֮Ĺʵ
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070 
ʯڵλѾһɽ塣
֪ǲΪĵƱθ࣬дӪפأֹͨ˿ƬĿǰҪɮפأٶľˡðߺ׷Ƕ˵ֻҪܹӦĻڶʱʵ
ǿ϶ġ
Ϊʯ˸ѾңΧҲд1.5ֻҪܹӦĻȷʵܹܵԵʷٷҹѻħˣǵҲڸɮǽиСʷٷҸеȻ˰ɮȻٵҲ˷ǳȣϾɮ޵ԺǽֹƵģ̵ܹסȾƵİ˿ɲࡣ
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ȥݷòµս۽ĸŮûȫָڻԪͨǶʷٷҵİݷúܿ
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ǻ۹ؿ˻ӣһֵ³ٹ⣬ɭ֮ӽɣҲкüʷٷһԱˡദӦǺŮΪıǰˮͳȻ֮飬Ըܺ˵ʵ΢ôһ㡣
ڷظʱʷٷҿվĸ߽ʹɯ
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ˡ߽ʹɯ΢Цŵͷʾ⣬ŵ˵鷳ˣ
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ⲻҪ߽ʹɯĽɫĲʷٷ΢һ£΢ЦҪҰæ𣿡
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ЩҲһ㲻ΪʥԭսܻҪǿһ㡣ʥ͹ʵǷǳԵģֻǿȽϸߴϰˡĳ̶ֳ˵ǽӽ޵ģԸ߽ʹɯսһ㶼ʷٷҲ
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ðɡһ᳢֮ɯͷ
ҲС󷽵ģȺܶʹ
Ҫ֪ʹϲΪߵԼǵ㶫ǿúܽײˡ
ҪĲ˵һ¡ʷٷҵ
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Ҷ㿪ŲֿȨޣԼȥѡĲϰɡ
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Ҷ˵İ¸ֺܸȤ
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Ҫǿ֮ĺġɯһ
ʷٷҷһ²ֿ嵥ҡͷûСǿȥԪλҿ
·ɯܸɴŮָˡ



071 ڲλ棨һ
ٶԪͨڡ
ʷٷҴɯһȫյԲνͨǰŴĽƷһֱһ׵ľ޴ɫħˮ廷е㲻һٶĽΪԪͨڲԪؾ۱¯
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˾۱𣿡Ϥ
߽ʹɯıܺ棬һСҵϿе۱ķ
Ԫؾ۱¯ʷٷָָԶһȫܷķ䣬ʹҲ˾۱𣿿㵮Ĳ򵥣
ԪѱԪؾ۱䶼ǰ۹ڵļ
Ϊħɪܺ˵ĴڣҪоּǺΪ˿ǽֳأԪѱͲòʼоˣΪʲôطħڣǽǰԪؾ۱߰ʱڲ𽥲ģ滹ʷٷҵĹͣǰĺܼȣԪؾ۱ڱвٵĲͬΪ۱Ĳɿԣ߰ǽתˡħоҲΪɪܺ˵
ϸ˵
Ԫؾ۱仹ħ߰оҲ30%ңʷٷҲֻС͵Ԫؾ۱¯
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ҵϿ¼Ϣȱʧ߽ʹɯҡͷĳЩյ֪ʶƺһ㡣
Ҷԡ𡿺͡Ԫ𡿺ܸȤ
ʷٷҡͷ붼Ҫ롣Щ֪ʶʺ㡣ƻ̫ˡ
ҿ֪ʶΪ߽ʹɯ
ʷٷ˼һµŶ˵ǸҪҵоѾƽˡԴоҪǺһ⣬ӦûǰڲԴ硣
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ʷٷŽһµԪ浮ǰʲôûУԴһֺΪ磡ըԴʼתڿһУڼյش˷ֹԴʣ
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ĳļޣѾȫںˣҲᵼɢ

߽ʹɯ룬ɵܽѧ𣿡
Կǡʷٷ˼ŵĵһȥϰߡϾѧоЩطԵñȽа񡣡
߽ʹɯͷõġһ᳢Ըı䡣
ʷٷҼǰߵ˵ѧĻնħĴʦǽ괢ҲԸʱµ塣ȲϾ飬Ѿ
ˡ
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һյĽſ
һӴӿ˳ɯǰĸֱϰ׵ԪسأŵˮشܣΪϿ沢ûжԪλϡʹ֪ǵĴڣƺΪλ桯ڿռ似յ֪ʶɱȲʷٷҡ
߰ɡ
ʷٷסɯƣֱӽԪͨڡ
ܵ¶ȿʼߡ
ʼҲһٶȵӣǺԽԽߣѾﵽǧϵĸ£Ǹ߽ʹҲеˣʷٷҳſһϣŻӳ˸ߵȷ档
ǻԪλв򡣺ܶط¶Ƚӽ̫ı档
ۿɼķΧһжȼգ²ûдصĴڣԪλԪػԽԽϡ٣ѾеĿռ䡣ڻԪλϲ㻹ȼպĻҽΪڣֻӿĻ𺣣Լż̫ҫߵľӦ
Ҫʲô߽ʹɯʵ
ʷٷһֻһϰߣʵԪλתΪڲѭ
ͻԪ壡
ĸ߽ħȵȣ
ԪλڲΣյĲǵˣ޴ڵĶӻʷٷͻȻסԱɯ漴˴ŲƵǧλáǸովĵطµ籩Ѿ൱ڰ˻ĻԪطһУҵıըγɳɢ
СĻԪض޷棡
ҡʷٷ
ĴԪλԻԪλΣգסҲΪսԪλǳ磬ˮԪλѹ󣬷Ԫλ滹һ㣬Ҳʮ弶硢̨硢籩۶һ㣬Ͽ½شڣٱԪλ氲ȫܶࡣ



072 ڲλ棨
Ҳϲ
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ɯĻƺȹȥһЩΪܵ˶Ӱ
Ҳ̫ϲڲλ档ʷٷڵ
ΪйںϽоľʷٷҶڻԪλڲӦԻǿԵģо͸̫ϲ֪࣬ΧȫһƬ𺣣ʱռıʶȺܵ͡
ûգûдأ޷ֱ淽򣬿ǳΨ޴ڵĻ𺣡
̫Ԫλʧ򣬶ҴսѶ˵һ㶼̽ŤջǱȵͣΪԪλڲ֪ԪڰҲԾĵطԪλ浽жٰʷٷҲ̫λϣȻkǷֲ൱㷺һСôڡԪλİսѶԸͨ¶ǲҪԪذȽϺá
ƺ١ɯ
ʷٷסٶȴͱܿһ汬ը󲿷ֵ鶼סڻԪλ㣬һЩٻ½غա
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ʷٷҼ1ɨһ£ҵĿˡСĵ㡣
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µϯԪλΪսģ˭Ƿһ仰˾Ǹɡ
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073 ڲλ棨
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ĲҪһȥ𣿡ԤߡȻߵʷٷҵǰְһ죬͵͵һı仯
áʷٷҵעûϣǰˮһ˹ȥһ㡣
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Լ˿϶ҪŴģѧԺʱ޷߽׷ۡ
ðɡԤߡеź
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080 ֮أ
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ʦǳڵо֣ԽǿԪλϡԴԽḻ
ȻʦϲĻǿԪλ磬ΪһԪλķͻ仯̺ıػԽԽḻڰԨӽӦǻԪλ棬ԪλҲܽԿԴҪĦ̩ḻܶ࣬¶ǳһ־ĶħԸڶȡ꣬Զλ汾ӵеԴǺ⣬ʷٷûзκһͿ󳡴ڡ
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Ŀռ϶ܸĦ̩ȣλ綼ȽϴҲϰٱСϳԪλ汾Ĵλ涼һĿռƣڰԨܹ˴С»ΪأϾλǿ໥ںɵġ
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ȻڶħӵеλһԴḻ˫Ķǲһġ

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Էĸ֪ǳǿ󣬻ӵĳּΪɨ⣬Ůе㵣Լᱻ֣ڸ׸һ漶ֻҪ̫ĻӦòڱԷҵ
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ĸ֪޷Ŀλãͬʱ1ŵɨҲĳˣʷٷ뵽һʼҹŮ׵ʱ򣬶ԷͬĳԼĸ֪
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ʷٷұƽٶ൱죬һζעŵǱӵŮ·è׽⣬Էµӡǣ޷Ӱ֣ԶԷֻڵǱӴܡ
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ԷϾȻһʷٷߵȷϣҪӦٶ㹻Ļһ¾͵ñǰ׺ޱȵŮնˡ
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ŮһƬغգҪ֪ʦӵнӽһЩС黹δǴʦĶ֣ȻӵǿǱ΢е࣬ǰĴʦûʲôʤ㡣
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083 ֮أ壩
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ƽȨ޾ˡʷٷҺ´ǰŮ
ڷˣеǻѪ沿жص㣬Ȼǳϵǿ൱õӣţӦ˵ǹ龫֣ڸĸ谮лûȫĺӡ
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һǰŮ̱һϲؿʼ˵˹׵ΰ¼ʷٷҿ˵ԽԽԾΪû뵽ڰ۹ǸϵȻ˵ڶεʥߺƽ٣Էе׸ͬ˵Ѹڶ̶ʱԷ֮񣬲ִӰְ
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λ׸ƺûԵ൱ýʽٲ㷲ԨѪսһħź㿪ʼ֮ǳƿڤ磬Ȼֽ޵ԨвٵĲ档Ϊ½ǿ飬ԭӦ⣬ĻëΪۣ׸µϲûз෴Ϊٵļᶨѡ
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084 ֮أ
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Բɫ΢䣬еЩħ겻ɢ
׷ɱҲըǹģ
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ը˼Ҷħϼң˼һҪҪˣ
϶ƴ׷ɱ㰡
ߡʷٷһץסǰŮǳŸ֮롣
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ɱħѾ׷ٵ˽ֹĺۼԷڸ֮۱Եͣһ£ܿ׷ɱ
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ŨĸʼʷٷҵĻۣư˵ϣһεĲɢ
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һεܲӸ֮ƺƵĶħڽ˸֮ۺƺһӾ;ϹаһĴ⸡֣гһž޴ӣ渲ĳճĺɫʣǿޱȵϣŵkĳ֮ض궯
֮ԡϹа
ڵkܳĻ֯һⶼӵźǿϵڻ۷γһԴЭĻ塣
ħһ˲⵽˿µĴ
ܳʶ֡
Ϲа֮ƺӵĳԶħڵkֵһ˲䣬ǰİɱħƺͱkˣֱӷְɱߵͬ顣
ħһŵ㡣
ȻǼԲߺ׻ңȴһֱšҪ˾ǸɡͳڼռƵʱ
Ҫ˵ʲôָӡɡ
ʲô֪
²çһ
ħη壡
ǺƺƵĶħǰĸ֮ط˳档



085 ֮أߣ
ҵսܿ챬
ԱڰʷٷҲʼͨ1Ź۲ħǺϹаļƻΪȡڰԨڱеģҪȻ⿿Ħ̩һռôϡԴȥ측ճǡ
һ㡣
ħȻλħҺն߻̹٣ֽİħʵսǿһ˵ڵİħΪ浮İħ඼ǿ츳Էֻ׷λħ˲ſѧնߵĴСֽƺҪصѵʽȥһЩ漶רͨİħ԰ħܳΪնߺ̹ٵĲࡣ
Ķħ಻٣ʷٷҷ˰ɱħħթħħצħħħħȵȡ
ʵǿ󣬿ڰԨսһ㶼١
Ϊ׵λħ⣬ʷٷһμħǷֱצħħħĸ
ֵһ㡣
λħûڣһЩʵȽĶħˣ⼫пΪɵĽ˵ͳܹ߰вԼĴڶǰɵȻܹȹںڰԨͳΣȴҲᵼڰԨʵ½ħҲҪ츳ģгɳǱӶɱˣʣҲһЩĴμħˡ
ϹаߵȽϹһ㡣
֮Բֶ߱ΣȴӵмǿkԿ֧˵ǣԷХʩչܷ籩ӵмǿܷϣĳȾԵӾħĻǱøӷҲ̫֡ڿ֮ԵĻԼԼķૣھصȾʷٷҲմϡ
ϹаצҪΪ֣һϷɵָ֮ԵСŰ汾ҿԳƺΪԣһ־ǵϵʳߣֹͬӵвӰǣǳɫƤεĴռݵıܴ󣬶ڿס˵˺ǵ沿ͻȻѣŵĴֱӴ̴Ŀͷ­ʳڵԽʳߵܻʱǿͬʱһܷϣȻܼӳڳҵʱ˥ˡ
1-3е4-6ߵ7-9
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һϹаҪȹȥЩΣգΪǵkצƺҲͷŲٵܷ˵塢̡ܼ֧ʶȵȡ
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ԶʱеķʽƶͨʿԷӦûʲô;иְ߽ҵ߻ʦֲСЩīɫӵʳ߷ҪöԸһ㣬Щû۾ʳ൱ʷٷ߽׶ħǵУ˲ȥֱüĴ̴ִԴʳԽû۾ʳһķʽ֪磬ƶٶȡ
ЩģſʷٷҵĺϴյĶС
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ǲǷϻʵôܶԸϹаʷٷаԵ㱻ϹаȾ㱻ϹаԵ󶼻һµĹҪôҪôϹ񡣡
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ڸʷٷҰԵҪԸЩʳߣҪһ֧ħűƲС
ֻħܲܿǡ
ϾħûдҲûǣʷٷҹ۲⵽ְͨҵͨʦǶǾԵ·磬Ϊ־Ͼ޷ͨԷĸжʬɽѪ߳ˣҪȻһֽ־ͱʳ߸ˡ
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086 ֮أˣ
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ʷٷҵӰڴô죿
֪ԲɿյµϵʯͷҳҪӳ޵Ԩģû뵽ȻһڰԨĻ޵ԨҪ⣬ɫҲǻ谵Ҫһ㶼ģΪһõŮϲλǱա
ҪʱɣǴʦ϶ԼĸճǣҲǸŮ۹һת˫ֱسɵɲ׼ҵĻ⣡
ʷٷǲɳ˳飬ƳһŮС룬һмһ˵ӡ
ιιιʲôŮʱˡ
ԴƵطĲǶħаʷٷΨһһ࣬һһλʦΪĴˣʦаӪǿԽܹͨĴڣٱЩħϹаúܶࡣһԷл˼ҲӲ׾ΪͷϲȥרŸһЩġ
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ⶫҲòϣΪûʲôҪ׳ճǡ
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ڼһʱ»غʷٷұٻʺŵԼŮһ˻ȥ

졢ơܰĿȻλ棡ãŮĵеĪ
ʷٷҺǰĻ𣿡
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˵ָ꣬ƳŮһۡ



087 ֮Ů
ƺе绡Ծ
֮Ů櫺͸߽ʹɯƺ˶е㲻Ը໥עʱԸоεʶײŮͳȿ˹С㲻һ櫲ηǰĸ߽ʹ෴˿̵ƺеԡȿ˹СŮηӵʥĸ߽ʹƺǿԷͻյĴӵ֮Ǹĸһս֮η߽ʹʥ෴еֺ񱻴ŵĸо
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һֱԼûô򵥡



088 Ů
ҹĻ١
ſ̨ϺشܵһУһսõĳУܶ෿Ӷģ·滮úܿлľ㳡Ǳ߻һȪľ񲢲Ǻܶ࣬ƺһĳУʱûȥתת
˼ĵطŮ°͵
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Ѿ޵ԨڵһУڤǷǳϲŮϲλ棬ůܰĿԿȤ˺£ԶһɲͶħԭһǺѰ쵽ģΪĸȻǿ󣬿ҲкܶǱڵĵˣk޷ԸףȴŮΪͻƿڡԤһǣֻҪ籩¶٣ܿͻ಻
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֮ǽkųȻõkԸĦ̩ϵˡ



089 ȣ
廷
ʷٷλ˲ѻħˣƺѧԺѻ˸ӽܵͬ˹ϵƺħڸʦѧϰ̫ķѧᣬħѧϰĽ0-3ڵķһʷٷѧԺħ˶ӵʿѪҲʫʩչͽ׷޷ո߽׷ܶħԴһЩ0Ϸ
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߰ɡʷٷҿԱΪĵ櫵ȥ֮
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ʷٷҴŮʩ͵֮ո̤磬λ֮Ů㲻üͷ૵ﲻԾ
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ȵϢǱĳǿķŤˣ



090 ߺţ

ԶʷٷҵֻڤŻƣ˵ĿӰλĿռ䣬ѾӽȵĲˡ
Ҽǵøᵽ
ڤӻûе֮ǰڤ綼Ǳֵ磡
ڤ磿
ʷٷüͷ˼ţ·뵽ʲô

һŲȱ˵˵һֻ棬૵Ҳûо쵽½
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˵ʵоһ㣬Ȼʶ֮һֱڷ仯
𣿡櫼ʵ
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߱񣿡üɹû
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櫵ͷ۲һµ棬ŵ֪ήô˵ģδѾȥ飡ʦǻ飡
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ƬռܻңҲۻ࣬λʧûκԡһ·۲Ƭֵ磬˵ʵҪıƬռֻ취
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ҪôһλҪôӵڤ֧
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ʷٷұѾ㶯ֶԸͷĻͷˣԱ㽫ķ˻ֱӸһɫĻ档
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ʷٷҿȱһǵ꾧ʯƳһŮѩ׵ݣһڻǺá
Ļöడ
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Ůٻ£ڳһƬһҿưƵ鴬ǰɢŨ֮·ӵһѪɫķ緫Զ˰еλãһǿĵظˮֳ˼װϡ
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ٻߺšŮĵСֵǳɣ
鲻ҿˣ
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ʷٷһشǰ鴬һŵ壬ļ壬ƺ͸оӳֵĺۼ񸡿һ߱װصĴڣȴʹó浯ҩڵײԼԹİ
һҴ漶鴬



091 ԣ
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ʷٷҾ;һҾԻս۵鴬Ϊĳ⣬Ϊ˵۵ԣ֪Ҵ̹йĹ¡ʷٷҼ鴬ǰߺǿ鴬ȴδԵӾȥҴҲ֪˶ٵλ꣬սʤĳ̶ֳѾһ塣
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ʷٷһȥոȥое㲻ӦΪܵ鴬ĸţһЩõĻ档
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ʷٷҿİ̹ǵڤӣʶƮλ꣬ڤǻаħЩǼΣյԻħһִ漶аħǾͼȡꡣ鴬㺽ڤϣԼԼʷٷҿһģӰһƱ°ӣԷݣֻܿԷıӰӰԵе¶վ鴬ϸŽµڤأ漴һĵ̾Ϣ
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ŮһļҵĸףߺսںȺεսۣڶ֮ʱѲڤ򣡡
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鲻ǶԪִƷĴڣʷٷԵkıӰܵһȫ޷Կѹ
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ĸġƳһ۱㲻ȤҳΪһʦҺῴ顣
仰ôе졣
ʷٷҹ۲ܵ飬ȫǵظ飬ߺӵɻԣЩ鶼˴ϡ櫵ıְҵӦεߣǽ׵Ӱףʩʷٷҿֵһᣬȫӵ츳Դġ
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ʷٷұ㿴Ӵӿ˳ǻһХֱ·аһͷŤľ޾ѾõŴظˮֵŴϵĴڣֱӳ·аҿ
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鴬ƺͬҲٻƬԹĻ긡֣ǺХŸ£һƬյĺơ
һǧϵԹ飬ԼĻ꣡
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092 ֮
аη塣
һǿ鴬Ѳӹڤ򣬵аǺɵط˷ĹߺŵİƴȿҪӼ̣аȻѺۣǺܿͻԶ޸һЩ䵶ı뺷鸡֣Ǵ׵ĸ߿ֱԾȥ뺣ˮкǱ˹ȥɱЩаܿһЩںϼٱܣЩǰǽӽʵǿߡ
Ĺö࣡ü
ͻȻս˸аһЩŤİ黯а൱Ķġ
֮ѾȾ֮ڵĺ
սپɡʷٷҳ
Ҳǵ˵ͷֱ޴ǳȥ˵ʵսʽһ㶼εߣ෴൱çʷٷҵļε߶Ƕ͵Ϯôôôϲ棿
壡
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ʷٷƲƲɱˣ´θһȥԸ֮ǡ
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Ҳ֪˶ãһֱӤʱ˲ű˴˱صضһۡ
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ήƺҲ쵽ǵĵӤԽԣŨҷԿԹкС
Ļʷٷҳ
˵꣬ͳƬԪ𵴣ѪµĹƺĳ棬ʷٷҵӰϿպƳһ̫
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ĿĹһ˲䱬˳
ܵǷڰҵķĻ귢ĲҽǵѸٵڣǿάס̬ҲޱȣһſŻҰɫ꾧ʯʷٷһзҲ֪ɵ˶ٵĻ꣬ۿķΧںǧö꾧ʯǰնʮһ꾧ʯ͸ʣһ͸ɵĻ֪꣬е굽жôܼ
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ȷױ֮⣿Ůƺܵһţ̲סԹ
ʷٷʼȻֲ
ʱϵѾϡࡣ
ǿԿĹŴżԼһģʱֹĽһĽ
ȫĳֺɫʯ죬൱⻬ûΪ¶绯ĽǺܴ󣬱Ŵıڻǻ࣬һͷ֮⻹ܿʨˣԼһЩʷٷҲȽİĹ켸κεֲ¶ȫһƬɳĮڱԵشжѻĲкʬǣһȥҲе٣˿Ӽ
룡
櫵ıе૵ɳĮϵ񣡡̵Ѫ
ʷٷԴɻԱߵŮϵ֪ʶ֪Ĳࡣ
kϲūͷ²ʢ룬һҵѪһҪɱˣ櫵ıеԴҵĸִϵ󣬴󲿷ֵ붼Ѿϳˡ
ǾϲѪʳȻ˾дģѪʽ
Ϊ˸׵ĸĸﻹ⵽˾ķԣһЩǿĵˣ



093 ήߣһ
Ѫ
ӹʱĩһֱڣһձڵû˽м
󲿷ֵ񶼽ܲϲѪͬʱѪ˵һ׻ķʽʷٷû뵽λ׸¾ȻᷴѪΪ˸ĸﲢ⵽˾ĵֿ
λ׸»һλڲͬ飡
Сĵ㡣
kǰһͳᡣŮѹ
ʷٷ˼ع۲ܣͬʱ1Žɨ裬ɳĮϵǾ˵Ѿôڣ
һϵôȫʧkӦǻһЩԵɢڶԪڣܺѣ˷ܺȴ׺ܶࡣһǰһİ񡣡
˵ϡ
ǵĽǽɫɳӣûһ磬˲ԼԼĿص˵Ů˵˵ĵǺͯĿֱ뵽˵ʷٷҶое㲻÷ǳˣԱߵƺ⣬Ѿϰ
ڤ˾ϰˡ櫿һۣСһǲϲڤ硣
֮ǽ
ĿˣҪƵǱֹˣ
ȻƵ֮ǽ
ʷٷͻȻλס׸еҪ֪ǿǹʱԼ֮һΪ˷ֹ˵ݽߣߺǽܵĥǸϵаз˶άͳ̶ȵķҪ̫ڸУΪkֻǷάߣͺǸ߲ԱһϵĴͬӦѡ֮ǽĴǵһǩԼġ
Ȼ뷨úúõģλ׸»йǿ󰡣
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櫴żϵĻƣЩǼõĵߡ
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ʷٷҵУɳĮϵбսҶңѺƽȺ˿սkǳΪԻΪǿϵѾܾˣɪʱĩھͺѼkǵټ

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ڵĺɫܳһİӣ漴һѸݵĺӰʷٷ˹
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ʷٷҳſһߵϣЩڹԶľѾԽԽͻȻǵƿʼѸ޸תۼѾָࡣ

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櫵ľһɲǼʷٷҵӰ˲Ϣ뿪ԭأͬʱ߳һеӰkͺһӤ屻ɫմѪ۵鲼ţֻ¶һ˫ȫڵӣԼѾɿݵϸСֱۡ



094 ήߣ
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ʷٷǰſϣɱʬһĻ飬Ǵʦ۵ƫбס˵˵Ĺ
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ǹĶԽԣвϵӤĿһޡŭŰ·Ҫϵ顣޼ʣkǻδѾѾΪһ䣬һС
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kޱȵעǰʷٷҺ櫣ŵkһХһŮ֮Ĵ˳
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ڳˣѾΣڵϦʷٷңή߷Ϯһ˲䣬һϸ֡
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ߵλߵȷתߵϣ
ʷٷ趨ĴƣǱѣǱ壬ߵԶոһ˲״̬ǱˣӲԭأһɲǵĿհףͺͨһͷֱӱԷӵkǶԸʮǿ󣬼ʷٷҲ˵Լܰٷ֮ٻĿ
Ӱһ˲ʧԭء
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ʱҪѹ׵ĸߵȷָóˡ
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൱ϡ١
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һŰƵ۴Ƿ֮۵100ңĿǰΨһֵĿԳطĲѸʩֻ԰ƱҪͬʱҪ뾫𡢰¸֡ط֮ȵȵϡвϡ
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櫵İϸ˵Ӧ110ţΪ˻ܷ108ſ⣬лİɫƣһŴŹһŴ󣬾ʷٷҶ޷ֻܲ²ڸ߼



095 ήߣ
KING
ʣ漴ĵİɫƷתһǿҵⲨһʵӰʷٷ޷ӰݣֻԼе죬kһڵţһĶϮήߣӰĿ̧Ũ֮Ļ۳һ漴kǰ˹ȥ
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ЩڵkܵĹʬһγѺۣܿһεںڵѪ˵ϡ
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ʷٷҵķӦٶҲܿ죬һ˲ٶʩصҲԶĿ㹻˺ήߵ̬⣬k˺Ƿ˺ӵмߵĿԣʷٷֻʱסĿж
а
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Щʳʬͷ˼Ϊ˵ı仯
ǵ忪ʼȼѸٵͣŵļ֯ϸ֣ԭеҲվ¶һԨϢ
Щʳʬļӳ֣ӵ˸ǿģ塣
аԽ߽׶ħ߸߽ħע벻ڣ״̬µｫüǿǻԻǶרõǿ
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ܵ»ۣһʵӰ֣ЩǱѵԹ飬ɢŨĸһļХ˹
走
Ϊʲô֮»ϾͲʵ˺ˣʷٷаһ䡣
һֱ
֮»ӵмǿʴ͸ǶԸϹаҲһܹӽٷ֮ٵʵ˺˾󲿷ֵ˺ϴλﶼӵв̶ͬȵ˺Ĵڸǿӵӽ90%˺ʷٷҵ֮»ʱȴͬҪ100%˺ЧϹаҲǲ࣬ʷٷҶԸkһɼЧĴǰʱȴƺʧȥЧ
һĿǰ޷ֿصĻ֮
֮»޷͸˵ôķЧ͸ˣ20%ҵ˺ѾǼˡ
̶ֳȵĴЧ¶ԵǾ˵Ļָ
ҪɯھͺˡʥҲЧáʷٷҰԵ
뵽⣬ʷٷҲɽԱߵϣųң
ʲôԲһ£漴Ǻܿ췴Ӧֱӽ˹Сĵ㣡
һɫķ֮۸֡
ʷٷסǰɲǼԺİķеֱһʹǻڳܵķΧڡеʹƣϵֻض˲ʹá
ƽʹȨޣ
ݻУ
ɣѾӦȨޣ
ӴʷٷҵԺΪǰѾһʷٷƽȨ޵ٶȺܿ졣
è֮šЧ
ţ֮Ч
֮졾Ч
֮թЧ
ӥ֮ԡЧ
֮͡Ч
ߵȼЧ
һɲǼ䣡
ʷٷҵӰʧԭأ˲ήߵǰ޴նȥ
飡
һѪɫľ޴ʿȫ˵γǿķѹһĨ·Ҫƿռڹâʷٷþȫǰһն
ꡣ
ԭ赲ǰĹʬһ˿ѺۣѺ𽥵ǰĹʬȫѣһ˵Ļۡ
ȻʱźãʷٷҵӰٶʧԭء
ͬʱ
ϵĹʬͻȻٵڹԭλá
ǰӵʩͬʷٷҸһ˲ͣ˫սֻܲ׽һӰһε޷쵽ģΪȻԶӰȴ޷ȫʧӰҲͬʹƣûӰĵطȫ޷ʹõġ
ι
㶨kʧȥ櫵սֱ½
Ȼص䵶Ϊûӳ֣ЩʳʬҲܱƵеǱһЩʳʬʬˡ



096 ήߣģ
Ǳŵսͬ
ʷٷȴԽԽ˳֣Ѿɢ౻նĹʬǰҲ¶˱Ŀ
kͺһεСǣСȫûгɿݵʲôѪ⣬ŸһľࡣҪֶαǹĹʬʬƺǰĳֲ˼ķǹǷӵм侪˵ЩʬѾǧٿףڷײϣʷٷеѾѹήߵĹʬϾͳϵ
ķħ󣡡
һɫĻ⸡֣֮ۻɫסж

ʷٷҴһֱӳĿն˹ȥһڵĹâǰή˲䱻ʬ롣
ⲢʷٷҵսԴĶר
߸ױȵķͬʱڻսʱϵսרӳ֣Ҳ˵˭ֻҪܹʹһ˲ͿԵõսʿսɡ
սɡͨȹ㶴졭
Ϊ޷ľʷٷֻƾģжӵĶǴͳսʿϵְҵߣԶսʿϵר˽ҲǺܶࡣ
ʵһ㣡
ǿ϶ˡ㶴졯͡նɱģΪʷٷܸӦήߵڣ׼ȷķ
һŨĺ
Ӻӿ˳ʬ𽥷绯ʧǴȴӿ˳
ңеȲ
ʷٷҽе˹ȥſһԼƣѪѾɿˡ
ķɶֱϵƿͺǸʬһʷٷұΪǿһͷľֱַֻϡǿʹ˶Ѿɸʬˡ
Ȼ
ʷٷ̧ʩչһŨȻ⿴Աߵһһ㶡
㻹³ķԾõɴ۾
ʷٷûлش⣬Ƿٲһħ󣬽
Ÿɫķ
ЩޱȾ׼ںг꣬һСˣkޱ޵ĿעˣɱҲ޷kķޡήߵѾʷٷսᣬǵkȴɻţûô
ʱʷٷҲһһŨ֮𽥻ۡ
ҪҪ֣ʱ
һ̣
㲻ɸӳԾŴͣ૵ǡ֣֮ô
֣֮
Ψսᡣ
ή߷һ󾪿ֵĽ漴һڵ֮kͺһ֧ľӣŵĹбŷһ˿˿֮⡣
kǻδѾȥ顣
ȻήҲӵмǿһ΢ͳ顣
ι
һһ밡Ҳй͵ģ櫺ܺ¶һ˿ΰı顣
ʷٷҶ׼ЩӡʯγԾʯʱԱߵ櫲һ漴һԱǷڡ
ã
ŮɴһãЩԾȫˡ
⣡ֵԱߵʷٷҿĿɿڴˡ
δ˭ܹ׵յЩںϵĻҪʱ䣬ǰŮһѾˡ
츳˼ʵ񰡣
ף
ӡʲô׼Ծʯ𣿡һֵʵձȽϺãʵ˷ѵġ
ʷٷû˵ֻޱؿ
ѵûа취𣿲԰Ҳ֮⣡ŮһҪ㲻ҪĻȫô
ñĶ㣡
ʷٷסöڵԾʯƽ
ͲʲôףҲΪȡԣڿܿĵӣһ
ȻŮһЦеı顣
֣֮
ʷٷöڵԾʯѾɱӡɲŷĶ૿޷Ϊʲô櫿׵ĨȥϲӦǸĸйأ֮ŴĳȥѾɢΨЩƵĹʬѾȥЩʬƬɴŨ͸֮
ʷٷҽЩʬƬһһռСطӡںΣյҲõϡ



097 ӣ
ϵɢࡣ
ʷٷٽеĹʬƬռϺŶԱķŮ߰ɡȥʲô
ϣվ
ʷٷעǰĺɫʵǰĽ𣿡
ûСҡͷɳĮϵı־ĽƺиԢ⡣ҹɳĮϵټѾˡҵĸϵľףҲƬϵΨһ񡣡
ĻҲ֪һеء
ʷٷ̾ϢؿһǰŮҡҡͷû˵
櫵һֱߵһ֮Ůӵеľ츳ӴԴԸĻѾΪ񣬵ڵʵ˵Ǹʷٷұȣʦ磬֪λҲǸһǸϽļһ
ʷٷֻǾÿϧҲûжŮѡָֻŵ˼
ΪҲϲĵ·
ȻǿޱȣܵҲְܶ࣬߱ͬʱ뿪˵뿪ľϵ硣ֻǸɸٰʮ굹ҲͰˣʵֻҪݹͱһֱȥʷٷ֪Щڸ˼ǧ󶼰ְ˺̳ˡ
ܵkҲ˰ɡ
˽ĺɫڣһιǿǽϴıڻ
롢ɳĮս
ƺ⵽ƻıڻȱֻģж¼ʷ
ڵĺɫ룬ʷٷҿһľľήϢλãɢİ׹ǣֵֹմɹӡȥѾûʲôˣ˶޷Ū;Ϊѧڽѧϵ֪ʶ㡣ʷٷҲ֪ҲͰˣԱߵ֮ŮȻҲ֪ǲ֪Ӧô˵źá
㿴ƺʲôϲޱȵ
ʷٷҿ첽˹ȥ漴㿴ŮСؾһƽӵ㿴ӣ
һöСɾµĻƽӡ
沢ûմȾǿµĸ֮෴̺ĳָӴͨɻƽӡķģתŽɫ⡣
֮ӣʷٷɻ
š櫵ͷûп֮𡣡
ӡƽӡ֮ӡ
Щǰ֣˵Գһ˵֮꣬Ļ˵ͿԽã֮صĻ˵͵ñɳĮϵϵkԼķʽͳڵλ档νõܶʱָƶͬȣҸʷٷ֪õҲֻһ˵á˫áʥáе׵ȵȡ
㡣
͵ǵծ˰Ůƽӵ˹
ʷٷֽӹƽӣؿ㲻ҪӦϵĶɣӦú;
ֲ뵱񣡡Ůһν
Ĵܣ·Ѱֹ֮ҸһĹ鴦ⶫһ㶼档
ˡ
˵Լִƹڤ֧һʱ䣬ǺΪͷˡ
ʷٷҽöƽ
λԵ֮ŮҲ֪˵ЩʲôԼÿľͺá
Ӧþôණˡ
ΪרҵεߣһȦеʧеҮôֻƱ
ֲǾ
kǲȥռƸĶǵkƷ
߰ɡʷٷӦûˡҪӡ
Ȼˡ
ǵkӰΪ˱ⷢ⣬ʷٷҪӡͽ廷
С߰ɡ櫵ͷ
˺ܿ˳ȥ
ʷٷҿʼ÷ӡ죬ںĵɳӣǸӵʩߣۻ϶̫ȫ֮ӵ츳ʩ
½֡
ʷٷҺ櫵ߺţʼźڴ½ĺ߷ȥ
ι
˵ȽϺ氡Ůڴͷʵ
ʷٷһ£漴ʺ纣
𣿡Ů˼Ҳ˵ǱкܶóԵġ
ʷٷʵ׼ȥ
ǰŮһȻȻ磬ôúúù䣬Ĵ档
ҪȻû˼
ʷٷ룬óһö;ʯ¼ٶĿռꡣʱͻ
š櫺ˬؽӹ
ֻƼˮ꣬ʷٷҳְҲְʷٷң˫ѾƽˣʷٷҵȻܰŮǿٶ
վڼװϳ˼Ƭ̣֣صСĺʦ
Ҫ͸¶Լ֮ӵݡ
ԭסʦȷʵе㼫ˣŮй¶鷳
֪ˡһνػ˻֣Ҳ֪ûȥ



098 ³
ήȻɵˣǵkȴûô
ĽѾˣͺһ澵ӣҪѾˤףҪѾ޸ȴ൱ѡԭĵӤ¼ֹˣĿǰѾܶ࣬һЩĻԹ߻мתΪĻꡣĦ̩ûʲôʦʦĻ׶ˣкܶ෽ܹ߰ϢֻܹʦܵļԹ鵮Ŀԡ
ߵ൱
ڴ֮غ󣬱ӻָ׼ȥʺ纣ˡ
ʷٷʵеĽģһЩϻûλ֮ŮѡҲԽԽˣϾտʼʱҲȥľȥģڵʵҲ̫ࡣ
һ뵽⣬ʷٷֲʦ
̾һ
˵ʷٷȫǱʦ϶Կ֮ǵսģҲûʲô·֮ǸѾޣʷٷҸϲ;ϡ
һ˳Ļ
֮ǣҾӦÿʼ̽ƬǽˡʷٷҰԵ
Ը֮ǵİѾԽԽߣΪʵǿͬʱҲΪֵ߳ѣԼ֮ǵ˽⡣֮ȻǿȴҲ㣬kϾһ˼ɷʶΪ
Ů׻ûз廷
޾֮Ϣʷٷǻڸ島Ƥ廷԰ǶԸϹаȴԸ⸶㹻ĳ⡣Щǣ̫ûô״ɹʶ廷ҲԸƽ޹Լ˵ȥðա
Ǳһ˺Ϣ
仯ѧɵʦǶ廷յ֪ʶܸȤһСѾм廷뷨ʦǶ֪ʶĿ˶ѧɵͬ仯ѧڱȽʦѧɣȱʧ˺ܶҪ֪ʶ廷ǡӵһС
ѧԺʱû顣
ʷٷҺܿ㷵ٶһΰ׶ࡤӭĹѾȺһʱˡ
´ڡ
ʷٷҸ¡׶ࡤ΢΢ʾ⣬漴վֱϣܹ齨̷֮ĵ³ɡ
׶ࡤߵɫ΢е㼤
³ɣʷٷԲ΢΢üͷ°˳˼С
ʸͨĵ³֯ͬ׶Ҫ̷Ľ̻֯֯һĻʷٷǺѲֽȥģǿޱȵʩߣҲ޷һ̻
һԵİ׶ࡤɫ΢е㿲ٶʷٷҵأû֧֣³ɸ޷
ʲô壿ʷٷҳ˼ãʵ
׶ࡤȴǱϲޱȣ׼ͳȻ塣
³Ľܶࡣ
ؽɡȻɡƽɵȵȣȻȽƣڲһЩȴСͺǵ̷̣ͬһڽڲѧɸвͬ³ЩѧɵĹ۵ǱȽƫģ˵ƽɣܰɵ̫ˣпܷɵ࣬ΪﶼҪƽ⡣Щûа취ٶģΪǵĹ۵Ӱ쵽ʷٷҵļƻ
Ȼ𣿡ʷٷ°ͳ˼š
Աߵİ׶ࡤСصȴʷٷҵĴ𸴣ǵġ
ֻȻ̫ˡʷٷټɡ
Ȼ塣
ñٵҲѾ˻򡣡
׶ࡤ߲˳˼УȻ֪ʷٷҵ˼ҪŮΪͳȻϵ̷ٵȻѾǽΪ񣬿ľɻڻķΧڣ˲֪ĴڡȻϵ̷Χڣôٵ¾ͽõ³ĳϣΪͳȻϵ֮һʷٷһñٵ½һȾְָĴ㣬˵һǱڵĽס
ԡ׶ࡤ߳
õ³ͬʱ̷֮뻨ŮⲢʮֵֹҪ󣬱ϾŮȻ㲻ߣϾҲȻ֮顣
ܺáʷٷ¶Цݵһᰲ˰ǽ
³ҪԴ
һ벻ʷٷҵİٶҲֻѸٷһµĽ֯

ڵ³ҪһΪӵе³츳ɡĵ³һֱǺܶ࣬ٶ߻ɭ֮ӣǵвپгΪ³츳
ڵõʷٷҵĴ𸴺󣬰׶ࡤߺܿȥˡ
ѾЩȲҪؽ³ɣ֮ѾȻ֮飬ֻҪµĵ³ܿͻɳ
Ȼ塣
˵ĵ³ɻҪȥ



099 ֮
ת۰µʱȥˡ
ʱʷٷһֱٶ׶ࡤѾʼ齨³ɣͬõ֧֡µѾѵũѾϣΪе³ķӳ֣ճӦò̫һݵʱٶ˲ٵߣһǺϿĺʦһѻħˣϾȵҲ٣ֻĵطǵټ
ʷٷҶһжǺܰݡ
Щ˵ĵӾٶİгͻĹ˼½ĸճӦһӡǳǵĵطа򡢻ҵ˶ԽɣֻҪܹѭʷٷƶĹ
廷ǱŮ״˺Ϣھһݵ̸Эˡ
ٶŲѾ׼ǣõݷǹ֧֣ҲзһʵʷٷҲҪǵЭǵЩ԰̯һЩԱѹǱҲͬˡʷٷҪǿԴأǸдƬƽԭԿѣĹ巨ٿԷַʮĲء
Թžս֮ء
ͳǰˣŵ˻ܣⳤһʱ棬ŵôûǵԭס񣬼ÿһʱǾͻᱬҡʷٷҵ翪ʼѾǵˣҲ˵ÿ궼һΡѱԭסΪԼӵѪͳҲȷʵǱ˸ǿ׳ȻͬƵǻһֱֳƺԼΪˡ
ҵСϣ櫡һǿİˣǰǳ˽Ůŵ˳ޡ
ǰᵽŵ˰ս̲б岢ѺãͬҲеӡǽҺ󣬴ʮǰӣŵ˵Ǵ󲿷ֵĹ壬оͰǵĳ쵼Ѿϣ櫾˵ǳһŮ͵ĺӣζͳİ˳
˵ֱϵѪ¾
ǡ
֮ķȴ쳣ͣ˱ӵв׵츳живپͨɱĴ̿ͣѱ˴δŵǶһɱչ˲̵ıж
ŵ˵˰жɱԭͳһŵಿҲ𽥷ѣǲԸѾֵȨܿͱľ档
ע̥Ѿͳ졤ϣ櫾˵̥ԲڴѪˡ
εжԤߡŲ
廷ҲжǲǲԪسصսʦֻٲֵĻʦЭʷٷұҲ֣Ҫһ˵ҵǰҪǶȡڰԨǺһ־ǽڰԨͷϷ
ʦڡ
ʷٷһشǰѻɫɻ֮
оһ㰡
߽ʹɯһƲס
ǣʷٷ֮
һ̡
оһȣԷٰĳȻ棬ʷٷܹԼƤսˡ
Ⲣ
Ϊʷٷӵл濹ԣͨĻȫߵģ۾һ£૵ʥ֮棿ֵ̬
1š
Ŀ꣡
һӴ֣ɯǾȵĿУʷٷе֮ͻȻޱȵӡ̵ķһɨʮӺ֮ƽʷٷһһµջظտʼĻ
ѽȷʵ
ɯעǰʷٷʵʹˣ
šƽȨ޾ˡʷٷҵͷ˻룬ֻʹֲʹãֻҪĻͿƽ⡣
νѪʵһ롣
ܶǿӪƵȵȣʷٷ˵Щ⣬֮ʹҲҪʹṩʥӳʷٷҿԸһֱʹ
еǸ󶨵֮˶òˣǿʹñȻ⵽ɡ
Ҫˣ߽ʹɯһ漯ľӵ
šʷٷҵͷ׼ƽϢǵҡ
˵ôûʣΪ棡ɯس
ȻʷٷҲΪܵûΪʲôҪж
ɯתעʷٷҵ۾֮أԸkеķԶܹõ棡
ʷٷɫɵ࣬૵ҴǱһͷ˰ɡ
ʦ
ǸһصӰ



100 ²
̨ϡ
߽ʹɯעʷٷҵĲҲΪе壡
壿
ʷٷһ㶣漴ЦЦضԱߵʹҡͷҪŸϴԣʲôģʹͺã
ɯû˵ֻ΢Цעʷٷҡ
ʷٷұ񿴵е㷢ëúϢ
ڰԨѾϹа︯ʴˡʱҿҪİ
ԡ߽ʹɯصͷһȫԸΪ壡
ȥ塣
ʷٷǲɳ˳ֱӴ뿪ֻԭ˼ɯ
ʵڡ
ʷٷעǰˮ°ͽ˳˼У૵ʹɳĺÿ찡
ָ񼶱ʵֻʱ⣬ûʲôֻǶȥͼݿ飬ȻʱʱȥҶˣʱ츳ⶫĽҹŴʹֵʵ̫ˡ
Ŀǰʷٷˣ츳櫵һŴʹɯڶȫܸȡ
ˡŮ
ʷٷԵʲô£
ŮץһЩ²ԵǺڰ顣
ص׾飿
ʷٷ¶ĸȤı飬ڹȥ
峲Ѩڡ
һͷ⣬ʷٷҵӰܵ帩ӭĵһտĴڡ˿ڻڼţĹϱڷУҲͳٶĵ㹻ˣǷȴԶԶ㡣
ˡߡһϺӭʷٷҡ
ܿ졣
ʷٷұĺڰ飬ǵͺܼ⣬Ƥڣͫװ죬ϸûʷٷҼеĺڰôӢ෴ǵص׵
Щڰ˻ļ
ͳĺڰһȺ޼߱һȻƤɫܺڣǰЩͺǶˣɫ޹⣬û˿ʣһڣ·𱻿ĥ൱һʱ䡣ʷٷѰҹǵټЩڰú粢ô̽żԷǵټȴҲǵĳڡЩڰ൱ľСģʷٷҲûôྫȥѰǡ
֧࣡
ʷٷҵһĹ⣬ΪһǿʩߣҪȥЩ²ֱ֧ǵľ־ǻϢķʽ
ʮӺ
ʷٷеʧҡҡͷ̾ϢڰѾ˻̶ֳ𣿡
ǳڵȺֻвǧ˿ڣͳǴĸʧȥĹעʧȥ֩ıӻЩڰ鷢ص˻ʧȥ˺ܶ츳ȺѾûʦĴڣһЩʦķά֡ҪάһЩϵĴͳ˵ŮһУԼɱڶ⵼г˲ȱһЩ֪ʶѾʧ
Щڰֻǵԭס֮һǵͳߡ
һȺߡ
ν߱ǺڰȨеʧߣǵļ屻̲Ҵ˿ʼ
Ȼ˴ĸ׷ɱȴһͷײĵ̣Ȼʿ׷²ˡǵʵǿ󣬽ʩߣһʿʦĸѾɱŮҲ¾ܹӳĶһЩϵѪ
Ѻǡʷٷüͷ
һֻǧ˿ڵĺڰУʷٷ˵һʳ֮ζ֮ϧĵطڰթղ̣Ѷ˵ͬҳ㷹һطõȣҲûȥص硣
ڰԺ⡣
ӻ˵ǾһȺıұҰļңʷٷҵ;
ˡʷٷҪŪǣҲԺõϡ
ʱûоȥǣʷٷ׼Щ߹Ѻ
õġˡϺͷ
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ҪȼƽԭϲѾʱ䣬ǰħأһλǳ־λħѵʱֻһħӲڻҰеɱ¾ӿħؽΪһͷμħǴӻħĶħҪһҪȡһħ
Уħ̩ճ޴ǸʱֻһӢħǰħصұۡ
Ѷڶħ˵ͬҳ㷹
⣬ħ̩վԼȶħСʱܹϵѡ˱ѡڰԨÿ춼бѵϷݣһħǾԼ޷ѹôЩʵҰĵĶħͻῪʼıʵϣܹɹλΪħֻ󲿷ֵҰļҶթĶħŪˡ
ħ̩յмڶȡħ֮ѨͳȨĵһ飬ǰǰصʬǴһѾ޴ĺΣֱ߷ŵþͷ­ǡ

ðħʬǶϵĲħ̩գ֮ȵջŮֶħĸĴŮͨһһĶħ̥ͨķʽģһһֻи߽׶ħܰ쵽
ֶĸ޷׷ݣħĸϵĿ϶Ҳ֮
ħºһֻһһ־ħΪħĸĴŮֶĵλԶĽ㣬ΪĽǴĸħ֮ɵŮȻǲֻһֻĺЩΪ̫ڳªĸŪˣʣܰĳЩط
ħħ䵮ҲһЩŤ塣
ħֻмʲߣǺʲôﶼûֳĶħ
ΪȨʧߣֶ⵽ţòʼλħҰĲûʧΪͶħ̩գһֱıȡ֮
ڡ
ڶȡħ̩յıҲһ޴ս
һȺǿޱȵʦ˺ڰԨǴһ֧ħţħ̩ռпѾزˣȻȡħ֮Ѩȴûаס
ˡ
Ѿ̩յıˡ
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뿪𣿡һӢħվԵ
ֶӵһ֧ħӣĵƣΪڰԨû磬ħ࣬Ԫλ겢ûôǿҵ顢Ů꣬Щ޵ħϲģΪԴΪʵħ
һ롣ջŮֶָµĺ˵ʵе᲻÷Ϊħ֮ѨһأֻҪռԴԴϵػöħԱںڰԨ߽׶ħ٣Ƕħȴֻô࣬ħĵ̶˸Ϸˡ
ǻжٱֶ
ŰǧҡԱߵħ̴ӵ
ǧħ
࣬ħ±ʱħʹӣǺ֮۳ˣȼƽԭĶħܵӰ졣
˿زסħ֮Ѩֶвʵ
Ϊ˶ȡѾı˺ܳʱ䣬ǺòлȴŸΣ
ħ֮Ѩѹ
һħӳֹĸҪմ޵ԨͭǽǰΰħԽģǰŻʮʱ䡣
ҪĻֻܼںڰԨˡ
ܾôֶȥ׼󡣡
ʵزסĻǾͳ롣
վȽŸһԾΪħҲӵ˸Կʱλ֪ҪȶòܻóΪħ
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Щʦ׷ˡȺħڱƽҪһӢħ첽˽
ֶɫһô죿
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̫ǿˣزס׼룡
ǰһ̻ŸЩֺڰԨʦǲһֶѾĵԸ׼Լ˳·ˡ
Ͼֻһħ
ֶôοԼħǿĶħǵҪȻūϣһ֧˵ħſū۳һǧϵĶħʹӣսħ϶ԼĴֺʹ顣ϲ͵ϮϲıƣϲɫջĿ꣬Ǿ󲿷ʱħᾡܱս
ˣܵħŮǶʱһ
ħǲԸȥǿĵսȻǷǳϲǿĴڽһս
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һ洫ֶҲסˣΪȨʧߣȻûԼĽôɱϣѾ׼ˡ



113 λսʮ
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һȺȡսƷҪСζŮֶĶԡ
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һȺӢħʼѸٳ롣
ʱһ⸡֣űߣ°ɣ
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ͷǿдϣŮ׵ӰڰУֶ˲乴һ˿ЦСӰڿնֱ̧˦еľ𳤱ޡ
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һֻʷٷҽģǰɲǿɢȥѾ׼õķ
ֶһͶľӢħʱҲɥʧ˵ֿ־ʵʵǿϧ׷ֶ̫ˣĳЩѾȾˡŮһ˱ɹ²һջŮʮӢħһĵֿû
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ħ֮Ѩ൱Ұǽ˸߽׶ħʬǣЩǶħĵˣΰĽĸ̣ۡ¯һħûκεֿʹͶˡںڰԨϡְҵ˭ΪħΪһյ
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⡣ݶŮ׵
˵꣬תԱߵŮ׵ץЩħ²ʲô
ʷٷҿõϰȱеĪ
ݶŮǲɳ˳飬û˵ˣֻĵĬĬһ׳գҪ͸ɴȫɵˣħֶǲҪʷٷ߱ȽϺáڶѾ²ˣΪսƷɱ϶ǲеģֻܿʷٷһôǡ
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114 λսʮһ
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𣿡Ůüͷǰĳӣ̧Žһߵ
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ħȡһλŧʱ˵ʲô̫֣֮֮ϧҲʲô˼
ϰ߾ͺˡʱȷʵ˵Щ˭׵ĶŮ״ܵһУô
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ѪɫҺڷݣЩѪɫҺԶɿݣֻҪбԶħ
ԽΪתءרתħԴ㡣
һεɢ
ܿ죬λŮױֲ˷ӡʱϺʷٷҸפء
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һӶӵϳ֣ǻߡ
ճͬҲصֶΣǽŮĳȺλٶһأԶԶħءǰһǧפأ涼ػϺ廤ʱפȴٻ
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ЩأһλŮѯʵ
ȥħݶŮ׵
ħ֮ѨĸвԴ㣬Ķħռ̨ʦǱ㿪ʼ̽ͬʱһֵ˿ʼǸۣ֮Ϲаʴĺۼڲϵš
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ĪᣡĵʷķأԷųȥˣ
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ٶĸճڣʷٷ°עǰʱӣ૵Сʱˡ
ħĻӦѾ֪˺ڰԨ
kҪ׼֣Ӧþܼħ
ڰԨҪԵĵǶħȻ֮ǵצҲֻаѶħǴ˲ūǡ
1š
һ³ħܾڵĵ켣
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ʷٷҲܰħڸħӲƴϣԶóֶαǵһҪأħܶһһģһʧ̫޷γɹѩѭ뱣֤Լڷǰӵ㹻ı
ʱˡ
֪ͨ׼֮ͣǰȼƽԭϵĵ̣ʷٷҳ



115 ̴ӣһ
ڰԨ
һ޴ĻɽλãħӴ˳ͱİħӿǿ׳ħ֮Ƥεɱ䣬ͳ̶ѾƤȻӵһΰĹǸʱɽڶɹģÿһʱҽ
ʹָ̧һԼţһ˵˿ڣֻʣһǳǳİ̺ۡ
ǰٶһ鷳
ӡռĴͻȻܳһ̴ӣΪǰѾܳɺػڴŸ
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Ľȴ˲죬ΪħأɱʹشһͱԷƶˡ
һʹ඼ӵһʵˡ
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ҴӺڰ֮ɾҲû޵ԨΪǸطʵǿĹʵ̫ˡħͬʱԶʱİ±˹ħںڰ֮ȼΣյĵطѺ಻״ĹһֵŤᣬһǶħҲηĻ塣
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Щ겻ɢɵЩŭηЩ飬ԼǵkǵĶ֡
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ĻǸӦþ鷳ĹŮΪ׷ɱɲŸ֮ӲһµĶħʧء
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kֻǲԼצ˰οԼ
λס׿ԵɾԻԥܣеѶԸһһǿ񼸺ûκεʤ㣬˵ԪҲûм˸˵Լʤһϵ
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ˡһħ첽˽
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ԶԶȥҲܸ֮ܵǵаǿ޷ԿĿֲڣ
꣬꣬ꡣ
ħǴеĵħڰԨȻҲȡ;ԴԶԶ֮ḻ
һֱ͵͵ıţͼ鵰Լǲ֡
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Ī̩ԭסǿɺ֪ΪиԭסʦӴһ¸һЩʦǩԼжħһ˶ûռ෴һЩ±ʦūۿˡЩʦѲĶ֣׺б̰թЩʴӶħĿ˵ȫʡ
ټħɳ˼Ƭ̺
ڰԨء
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˶뿪ĪʦСͳһȫܷӣҵײӱ򿪣һСֻɫճҺ˳



116 ̴ӣ
һմ֮۱ǴѸٱһֱһҵıʷķ
һųʴԵҺ˳
Īʦ˲Ϸ̵죬Ѿʴһӡʷķ൱ı꣬ԣͬʱҲǳ̰ԣû׷ĪʦŸ֮һ·ǰϵɵۣ֮ſʼѷܣת֮ѾʮµɫճҺ֡
ЩճҺɢٶȺܿ졣
ʮڵʱ䣬Բڵĸ֮۾ѾǸԹˡͬʱճҺֵҲͻƵ˶ʮֻǱԵŸ֮ɢ·ǰγһС֧Ӳʳȥ
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ʱǿʼˣЩԾڸ֮۷ΧڵĻ塣
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ȴһ浹ɱЩɫճҺֱײɱǸʵ̫ˡԽԽճҺֱɱճҺֿʼ£һ𣬽ǾͺƤ㱻ĳںϣһһһֱֻʮ׵ճҺֳǰ
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ѧɵʦ˵ϡԴ˷ܵҲӦøһ
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ʷٷڻòϣӡһȡصѪжħԭʼ棬Ϊһּȿµļ棬һӽȥôĽֻһǻɶħ棬һǻ˱ħȾӵģ塣
кܴ;
ͺһȡ֮֮ߵԴ㣬ֻҪڰԨûпݽߣôһֱԻȡ

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ʷٷҸʱͻȻ1ըһƬ⣬һ޴ĺ㸡˸֪ڡ
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ҲԼоһ˿ƽԷûԼϢ
ࣿʦ
һΪλֻжħһ
޷ֱŮֱԺֱ
һʵӰǰ𽥵ʵ廯һƵӰԷſһ˫ɫͷϴףһ廯ף޷ʣ޷ṹһǿ1ŵɨ⣬ҷһ˿ޱȵĲϢ
ʹʷٷ۾עǰ
䡣ʹ΢΢ŶһλʦӦе𾴣ų֮ǰѰҳߵ֮Ů
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˵⣬ǰ̴ӻһеľ޴һ˿˿ĺɫϢʷٷҵɢɲһ˿
ǣʷٷҵɫ΢һ㣬޵Ԩ
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117 սһ
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Ī̩ʷٷҳ˼Ƭ̺
Ī̩ʹ΢һ˿ɻʵʲôط
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һҲ֪k᲻Ī̩Ȥ
޷뿪ԼĹȡ
ҪǿһΪԮԸ֮ǵĻʷٷҵѹͼࡣ͸¶ϢжϣλסӦһƫӪ飬ĴһϹаҪǿæĻԸϹа׺ܶ࣬ҲؽĪ̩ȡ
Ҫڡ
ʷٷŮ׺ݶŮ׿ʼõ磬תҪӴԵĵЧķʽ
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ڸ鷨򽻵ǻ϶ʴ壬۾ͫȼ֮ʱǵԶˡ

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128 Զ
ڰԨȼƽԭ
ڰԨĵòǷǳңǸڻĮʲôˮԴ֮۴ӺڰԨ濪ʼӣֻǺСһطԽԽĶħɱϹаＳȡħѪ֮۱㿪ʼѸٵĳ˷ɢ
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ջ˶ٲϻûͳ꣬ȻȥԺ֪ջ١
һط֮۽״̬
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ħ֮Ѩսڣط֮ۿĻҲͨάͶӰϣκθ߶˵װ嶼õΪĿǰֻܵĵħеǿƼʱĲѧգܶʱ߶֪ʶʵӦöõЩĲϡ
ЩǷųȥıճҺˣĪʦָǰս
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ճҺֵѾܶˡ
޷ͳƳǿ϶ѾֻϣǵĴڼвЩֵаʳ߸ֵаɱǣߺпܾΪ˶ԸճҺġ
Ĳʲô𣿡һԵʦе㵣ǵ
ʱʷٷվᡣǵıЩճҺֵԺأĸ屻ֻᵼ׳󣬿ȴѸٷͻ䡣
ɶħĻҲһȽǿĶħʷķ
Ψи֮ۿԵǻͻٷ׳󣡡
ճҺͻԭ򻹲Ӧøеϵ֮ۺճΪľ̺ЩճҺֻгԵ֮۲Żܣͺǻȳһɢǳ긯֮ɢֹͣˣĪʦǰʵ飬Ҳ˵֮Խ׳Խ졣
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ЩճҺֳԣ񹥻κλаҲûκεη壬һѷسȥһСıסͻᱻںɵڣǸʱųͺˡ
ط֮ۻڼɢ
ɫĻеɨ赽֮ĴʱԶǣһ·Ѿʮ֮Ϲа൱
ҵˣԤߡͻȻ˷ܵ
һĿĺը졣
һط֮۷˸֮ԵλãkλһƬӵشڰԨûֵطģȻϹаĵΡ
Ѿȫģ
϶ɫںɫǳɫѪ֯ͺǵ̺һձ߿ɼĵطҲ֪Ѫ̺ж񣬷ԿѪ֯ɵĹܵ̾ŴĹһЩһӵӺѹӢһڵϣӵشֲϰٸ٣ԿȭͷСζ
ġһֲ԰Ů̲ס
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һɫĽ·߱㱻ע˳ʷٷҳ˼Ƭ̣׼ս
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Ϊµս̫ɽˡʯĿǰֻҵĸ߶ȣǶǼѹơ
k̤ڶǰŸ֮һӶӵħܣȻѡĸְ߽ҵߡ
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Чĵֿڱƽ֮̾Ӹ
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սҶһ˲٣ħҲʷٷս
е㲻԰Ȼս൱˳ʷٷȴԼе㲻
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129 Ϲаǻ
˵е㲻ԡ
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һʷٷҶöԷˡ
ȫǰʷٷҵȣԸЩǵа
鿪ʼǰ
ǰɽѾʼСܣȫЩӿĹʷٷҲſԼ߽ʹɯԼѸٱƽзĳѨ
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ЩѪⶼήˣ߽ʹɯü
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Ŀĺܼ򵥡
ħѪǵkģҲ֮ĹؼʱʷٷҲ֪֮ɱ˶ٵĶħǿԿ϶kɱþԱԼҪࡣϹаﲻҪڰԨԴkҪľֻѪ⣬Щ֮ռĵ̶Եk˵ôҪkԥؾͷһС
ĸоԽԽǿ
ȻһԵϹаȹȥκһҪһ㣬ʷٷȴԽоϹаǰЩҪΣա
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ԲۣôʷٷһǰĿή֮ء
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ԤϵĴսûе
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ʷٷҳĬ֮󷽲ŵµʱǰˡ
Ҫǰʱ䡣
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׼˿Դ
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Ҳѡˡ
ɱ֮ǵצôkɱ͸ӿֲɵ˵kЩkࡣ



130 ɱ
ôأǰû鰡
ٲμӹϹаս۵ʦǶеﲻѣȥϹаﲻ˶ˣӲֺη壬Ǵ򲻹˱ش˻ܵϹаҲǼǽһȫûн֣˫涼û棬ͷ˺ڰԨöħɾϹаܵˡ
֮Բǿ

֮ԿܱǰЩϹаﻹҪǿҪȻҲöħǲòƬĵ̡ôǿһϹаȻսˣʷٷҸеʦҲеͷԡЩƵĶħһԭΪڻҼսģѾʧص׼ǵ˻û־ˣħǵĹ˼άΪǵ˺ЩʦԭЩС˼ĸ߽׶ħǶʱʵࡣ
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ֵʷٷȥʰˡ
һһʰ꣬Ϊ֮Ǻ˵ģĽ취ñճҺֽԵͱƱճҺֵĹģһʼǾо˽ҩһħֲͺҩճҺֵ
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ʷٷҵӰһ׹ʧԭء
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εаϽ֣ʷٷҶ޷Ӧڲ仯ֻģĸӦһӴޱȵڵӿͺԪسϫйɵӦ¶Ѿʷٷ1ȥɨȴܵ˷ǳصš
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ȥ۲ĻµĵرѾħټͺȫʧһ
ˡȿ˹С첽߽˷ڣȵλŮʿѾˡ
𣿡ʷٷתͷһ۵ȥ鷿
鷿ڡ
ʷٷٶȼλ֮Ů櫣ʱ俴úܿģϻŲٲʺ纣еװƷ
λ̴أʷٷɻ
櫴ֵػ˻ֵҴ򷢻ȥˣҲŲôȥأ漸찡
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ÿʥߺƽٱʱζĽ档
·ʷٷҲף櫼ʥߺƽϵʱǸʱ𣬶˥ˡͬһʱڻֵ۹ĻҲӵԼ飬ʧˡȻϵ֣ԼɳĮϵ˥ܣڲʱ棬İƥ˹ϵҲˡ
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ħ֡˵ȵȵǻﶼ壬Ϊָԭɢ˶ԪأͺɪʱͿʼֳһλԴͷɪʱֳߡɪʱѾˣǿʩߣͨ˸Ͳ֪Լ硣
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002 ֮
櫺ܿ뿪ˡ
ռ޵Ԩܹܲ˵ԼĸףʷٷҲûеסһûڵλ棬֪˿ΪӶܴɹӣǿⷽ淴ô⣬Ϊϵһλϵ
櫵˵ĸס֧ڤҲ˵ϲλһֱ²λ棬ڤʹĵط硢λ桢Ԫλ桢λ桢λ棬ʲôλ棬λĵ̣ҲȨȥڤصһС
ǿһλδػжһµλ棬Լ൱ңԶ
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ʷٷҵ˽⣬ڴﵽǿʵͽԵkǵͺ΢ˡȻͽǲȱٵһ֣ʧȥ̫ͽkǵ˥ˣͽΪΰҲǴʦǿеġȴǲ̫ܵġ
ʷٷҵжϣλס׺ȻҪΰ
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ħ֮ɵӰ֡
kʵʹ຿ϧ֮ƺǶڰħ൱񣬺ԥػɫ֦ɢ˶ħ֮꣬żȡеתΪȻעʷٷҵڡ
Եӿ롣
ħ֮ӵе൱һС飬ʷٷҸо·ĳɱ䣬ŸߵķתһѾҪﵽ75%ˡܹﵽٷ֮ٵôʷٷҵͻתΪһ壬񲻽ܷͬ´ɲϲࡣ



003 ħʱ
һ˿˿ʷٷҵ塣
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ʷٷ˽о⵽߰У߰ͳελڣڼϡеԴʷٷһ˲ٵ϶ڱɵЩϹа
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˵kڶԪΣӣֵԴɹ졣
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ΪҲ֪Ѫ³״̬ȶ
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004 ڰ֮
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ǣ廷ʦǻδֺټΪǻ޷뵽ɽش

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޵Ԩλ棬ڰ֮֮һҲǶħԸһط
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ЩħͺһɱħֻܽkԶӡѺ
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005 ֮ǣ
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Ǽܲסħʵ̫ˣ޵Ԩķ򱻸ĺǻҲʼתΪħһ±˹ħϾʹھԵ״ֻ̬Ҫ˿ڻ㹻ܻһЩ츳ǷļһħǷǳǿĴڡЩ໥вϵĵγ޵Ԩĸ֣ЩеʧҪôѾˣҪôںڰ֮ڡ
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Ϊһ޴ޱȵļڰ֮Ѻ̫µĹܹӳ޼һħŮһĻ϶Ǳλеķ򣬶ħǲǴʲôӶ˹ӣҲײڰ֮Ų֪ĹߣԨ־עĵطĳǿޱȵķʶʱעһС
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˿֮̾Ů櫣ҲλͣפŮŵ·һ·ǰУ·һ㲻۵εħɾͱˡ
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006 ڤ֮
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008 Զ
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ԶҮעףܾûˡΪʲôͻȻ뵽ݷң
ҵ֪һЩʱʱŦϢ׳ϣܸҽһ¹ȥǶʷ
ʱ
ǸʱδԪǡ
kҪˣԶҮĬƬ̣̾ϢѾȥʮ𣿡
kһݹϵľڵ˹ȥԼɡ
ʱѾսᡣ
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009 ռԽ
ʱڲ֪š
櫷޵ԨѾаˣʷٷûлκεϢ
Ҳܰȫϣλ׵ϣںڰԨĵڶԴ˻ʷٷұ㿪ʼ׼һճǡ
ճǵսֱɣһħţʷٷѾʼħǵս൱ǼʱװײֻûʲôԶֶ̹ΡħܵϾˣΪʦԶ̨ħȴصĳԶֶ̹θֵһᡣͨȱҲһһĻѾڸǿˣԴɪʱʼȱûôչעɪʱ˾ѾƳ˻ڡ
һֱ۹ʱʦǵоȡͻԽչԶзԶֶ̹ŴصߵĹװϣ˵ħװסƷߵȵȡ
ߵװۼȰ󣬱ȽʯħҪڹģܵơ
ڶ־ṹٶĳѾɣʷٷҲûȫϣǹһ廯ĳװãڸճǵֻзȱֶΡͬʱħҲû깤޷ſ͵Ľħռ䣬ʺŻҪһýԶռԽ
սԳԶ̴ֶΣʷٷѾ˲٣ħܾ峬II͵ɱѾ㹻޴һشɱϹаΪԴӦ⣬ħܾ峬޷иԵĺըͬʱ޷ǿȹؽлԴ
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ʷٷҵӰڰУ֮ͬʱٿʮ쳣ܵĺħɫװ壬ԱߵֱַԤߡͶߡɯĿǰֻλʸʷٷҵ֣廷ѧʵ̫ˡ
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ˡ
һöֱʮֵˮʷٷָԱߵأ̱ǷڵȡһԪغעˮڡˮڲܵķ֮һһâʷٷһֽЩħĹװװȥ
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ǵĹѾһݡ
о󲿷ֵĹʷٷɵģλŮҲ˲æҲǵԴﵽʷٷҵҪ
𣿡ԤߡϢһʵ
ʷٷҵͷˡ
ǽװʺϽвԡ
ߡɯе˷ܵʲôʱʼ
ɡʷٷҵȥԵ㶫
Ѿû뿪ʵˡ
⡣
Ůͳȿ˹ѾȺãķԸºܿһٷʢͱ
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ʱ֣ʷٷҽոɵװðװ˲ʺϣű1šԪ¯
׼ܡ
ˡ
ճǶ΢һ¡
ʷٷҴŴʦռ̨ϣԼķȲڣŵӴԴ

ϡ
ϡ
ϼϡ
һ͸ǳɫϽճǰڣĶٶˣ̽ͷ̽ԵسšճǵľѾʱõ˱𴦣Ŀǰȫʦ
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ϰٸʦڸճæµߣϵؼĴٶƷ΢ĵ漴װװÿʼر룬ջһһܣ˳𺳵ĿУһҵĿС
ʷٷҵĸճǺӵ˷е
ǷнǼʸճ֮һҪԵǸӸ߶˵
ʺţ
ʼܣ
ռ꣡
ռƫֵ
ϡ
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׼ռԽڴ򿪿ռ涴Ӵܣſߵȷ



010 
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æµʦǽճڸ㱨ϣڳǧŵĿУǰ޴ĸճͻȻһƬǳɫĹ֣ſγһԪӿճǾͻȻʧǰȫκεټͺƾʧһ㡣
ͬʱ
Ħ̩棬ޱ޼ʵǽУͻȻһ޴ĸճǳǽڡ
һƬ
ʷٷҵҲ¶һ˿ظЦݣעǰǽգ΢ЦŸԱߵİ밢ɯһӵ
ռԽԳɹ
СģĴͻͨɣǴģĴͱʹÿռԽɪʱһֱ۹ʱڲзϣ״ʹñ޵Ԩսϣʱ۹һ֧ħŽѪսս߰ʱڣռԽҲΪʲôǿԴʱ۹ƽٵԭ֮һҲһ޴ȱݣǾҪ쳣Ӵ͵Ĺлװɹأ޷ԵĿռԽ
ǳɹˡߡɯ˷ܵ
ǴͼһηԾĦ̩ʷУδ˳ɹ͹һСȥǾͨͷĴʦҲǴϼԼٰ塣
ʷٷЦߡɯԴԷһۡ
˲Զϣ齥ıͻȻʷٷҸоסԼ֣תͷʱԤߡ΢Ц
ռԽԳɹζѾ˷ؼһ
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һЩи߽׵ʦʼԼӳַǽǽͬӵвٵϡԴڶεĿռԽҪȵȴϣʦóռһǽ֮ɳʷٷæµڵʺŵݣķĺܴĿǰռԽľ벢Զ
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Ŀǰ֪ǻڣʱǿɺɣκε½ء
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Դս۽ʷٷҺᶼʧȥϵ벻һξȻkٶ档ƺǸճǴʱľ޴Щ񣬵kǺ֪ܿͨʷٷҵĴڡ
Ħ̩ʦǺĿЩ񣬵kǱȽŵ
Ϊ׵һӣڿʷٷҺ¶ظЦݣŵʷٷҸ¡Ҫ
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ԴԴϵظӿ˳һһѹǣkǲʶԼҪ
Ȼ
ʼҲûԮµĻȫһϼûʲô½أһ̬Ҳ϶һЩܹеɳԮҲûκô
ʦҲϳʱУĵΪ⣬ֻмȻյš
Ҳ˵ἸûӦȻ
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ϣܴȥkǡ
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ӥ
Ħ̩ϻУֻӥ¶棬Ҳ֪ǵӥɽģʷٷҲ޷ϵǡ
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011 
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ʷٷҾ·һ·˴ȥҰʦѯʶӥһ·ʷٷԴȥ¿¸Ħ̩粻һϲûжٵǻΪ½ضûʲôԭӦҲûжϹаҪԴĿǰ֮Ϊʲô£ǸݵkɷʶΪϰߣҲʲô
ճǽԤߡʷٷһǰ硣
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ʷٷԸĻ۷ʱڵķѸһʱҲܹͬһСǡ
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ڹʱе綼Ȼεģвٵ綼ƾֻλ漼ͻԵķչȴһһλҪˡ
⣬߰ĺĻ棬λ漼ԴռҲ˵еİλ涼ͨնġ
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ġ
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ģɽ嶼Уͺһ޴ĸճǣʵûκεķӳ֣ȫĳֲ֪գʷٷ1Žɨܵ˺صţµԪزĦ̩࣬ǷԪص硣
޴ڵĿŰ꣬ԡ
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šʷٷҵ˵ͷɽӦһȻγڸջķЧ
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ɽĺĴĳֽᾧʣЧе񸡿ջΪ̫޷Ҳ俪ɽ忴
һȺķӭǵĵ
ЩãµǻԪءߡ顢ħʨաȵΪЩǻ൱ϡ٣̬еǷԪλ档ҪΣգΪﵽױƣͬʱ쫷۵ĵشܳȻĴţҲ˵һСĿܱ͵ĳطֱ͵Ԫλ档µˮԴǱȽϳģʳ൱ѷ͵ǻϡ٣Ϊûʳܲ
һЩСķΪʷٷҵ˷ʳ
һֲ֪ĺɫӣӦɽϵزﲢֻ棬еkǱӻľ顣ΪµʱȽѷʳǱȽϹصЩе񣬵ûлôƯ൱Ļúÿͣϼ̳˷ԪλĴͳĴԪλԪλÿ͵һ
ֻҪûе⣬ڷԪλױӴ
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Һ绹ĴڣҪȻ֮һռˡ
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ˡ
һƬƻȳ
ʷٷҵڣĺӿǵĺǳǧĸȺûпά̹޵ټҲпǱޱ޼ʵƲڱˡ



012 ά̹
µȻ⡣
ΪĳѨһɽ涼ƺƣ˵Ƿֵ˵ʱ˷ѾӿããĳȺҵԿȺĸڱƽǻһЩ޴ĸѪǻ壬ΧǴһħ档һĸȺȣһַһĽΪʷٷҸ֪ĲлһЩƾ޴зЩɢġ
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˷еٶȺܿ죬ֻһĹΧ㱬˼ޱȵսЩڿʱͻȻԱǿҵıը񶼲ò󳷶ܡ󷽺за﷢ߣƺѪǻɢ˸ӣȥǵĹֶα仯ࡣ
ȳʷٷҳ
˵꣬վ˸ɽıԵشԤߡʷٷҳſһϣŷħӿ㶼µԪز𽥻۳ͣڸɽϷγһ޴쫷ۣѹѹ˲ܼͣһ绮ʡ
ױЧħܣ
һ޴ױ𽥳ͣһ߰裬Ϊµ⻷ʷٷԸоʩչױ˰ٷ֮ʮϵǿЧ൱ԾתۼϰٵֻһʼʷٷӴޱȵħӿ£ܼױУյĹʱһɲǼǧ绮ʣǰǰããһƬħ汻ȥûҲһһ½Ӱµ
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ǻ磬Բʮﶼڶ˿µױⲢȫʷٷҵķγɣΪ򻷾ױѸΧ
µױ˽ʮӡ
ȵʷٷ΢ϢֹͣʩʱܵĳȺѾ˳ϣԸȺʩչΧʵ̫ˬˣ򻷾ЩԱ϶ɨһգʣĶǸ߸аﵥλǵҪǿЩӲ˺ü綼û¡ԶƲ㲻Ϸһƾ޾ĵͺά̹޵Ӱ˴󷽣ͬʱʷٷҲδ¶ĶŮ
ģѾӽӽΣ٣ſļ̹ϸһ㰵ɫĽƤͺһ͵Ļס
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ЩСǻʷٷһ
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ЩɳȺɢĶѾɢά̹޵ѿһѪǻ壬ŴĹﱻͶ˳һƬƬķȺӿԱǵ͸Сࡣ
Ůһֱûжڵȴʱעȴһֱʷٷҵϡ
ʷٷҵгԹڿѾѧ˲١
ҪҪճǣԤߡ
ʷٷҡҡͷһӣһɿµǰγɣߴǧ׵սϯһƬĵˡֱԪƽⱻĳһռλ棬ֻҪͷӦķӵмƻ
˿б֪Ůʻʲôûõĵơ
ά̹ƲζһͷѾϱʷٷóħڸըˣһͷͻҪӴ󣬲ɢǿܲܵȼѾҪӽ֮ۡ


ص쳣ĿΪά̹ޣ
ս˽״̬
ĸʵϾǿǸٶһʱҲ޷ѹƵkǣǾʱͻȻά̹޵ķһǿȵһܵѪ𽥷飬һ̨Ѫٱ˳űһ˵ĵ罬ڳǰĸɽ˹
罬ڣ
ݣ֮ʲôʱӵˣʷٷһʱɫ䡣
ճϴصħܾ峬λһ֣ѧԽԪս޴ŵǹٶԼΪ٣ӷ䵽ĿҪʱ伫̣ʸߣڵȵȣʷٷҿ֮Ͼûʲô˿ԶõڵϷչģ۹ʱڴԪѱ䵽Ԫؾ۱ٵԪое˲޴սЩǽΪжоġ



013 Ⱥ
䣡
һҵıը
ʷٷ΢һά̹޷ĵ罬ڵûеô󣬾Ȼ÷ϸסˡսҪӴӦճԪ¯ΪԴģά̹ȻﲻǸĹҪ󣬶Ѫ֮޷װ
һʵɽկƷ
ʷٷȴ˿ҷɣΪɽկƷɱǰҪ֮ǾȻѧôĹʽҲ֪ԳȺĻ֪ʶǴνѧģǺô֮ǵѧϰֲ̫ˡ
ǵڣԤߡɫһ䣬ʵ
ǡʷٷҡҡͷԪرǿȶûдﵽ˵ǡԪˡ
Ǹճǵħܾ峬һʷٷҸ͵סܾĸɽûˡά̹޵Ĺǿȴ൱һŻӣճǵһ൱ʮһҪǹصĻԴﵽʮϵ
۹ʱ˲Сķչ
Ͼʹ˼װã൱߻ķҲǽѽļϾ漰Ԫѱ䷴ӦħĺԴʱͣȻΪսԴװ˸ճϡ
һȽͨ׶ıʷٷҵħܾ峬ڱά̹޷ĵ罬ʱ
һԪؾ۱伶Դһ߰ʱڵĳħܾ幹װ
ά̹޷ĵ罬ƺѪ֮ĳʷٷ޷ĸ죬˿Գܾ޴ޱȵ֮ǶѪƿʷٷҴ۽磬̶ֳֻȵĹ͸ǿʲôļˡ
1ţ
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ռ꣡ռƫֵ
Ѿռ꣡ڼռƫֵ
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ħܾ峬IIͣ
ڽгܣ
ǰܽ10%.20%.30%.40%.50%
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򿪿ռͨĿ꣡
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ʷٷҵ£ǰĿռͻȻһѿڣ漴ӴޱȵĸճǸǰһɫʣɲǼŮʵɫ䣬Ǻԥ˽µά̹ޣĳ˲ͷʧǰ
һ룡
ά̹޷һʹıӴ屻ֱӶһ޴ޱȵѪ
ͷά̹޸һͷû˿ֱӱʷٷһħܾ峬ڸɱˣܷϸûκã൱ʮһǿȵ˲ѣӴޱȵͱһӡ
ʷٷΪʲôһҪľǳͷ
ΪûıճڸǿȵսҲһӣҲֻǿޱȵṩϷķճǵսԺĲԶ̴Դϵͳ
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Х
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һХ
ά̹ޱɱֹȺĹƣȻʿ񣬿ǳȺ־ȴȫŮףȺһ˹ӴγһֱӽѹڸɽΧڡ
ʱʷٷҲеͷ
ĸߵϴſ֧Ÿʮε¹ֻһǧֻĹһ˾ͿԸɵҪͬʱֻԶϼ˵飬˵Ա߻һĶŮʡ
ô죿ԤߡʩչһΧķʵ
İɡʷٷҿЦԮִ
ĿǰΪֹûκһʦܹȺս߰ʱڸճ彻սҲǳ˺üĸճǣΪճά̹Ҳֹһֻһճͬʱʮֻά̹ʱ治˵˭ʤߡʷٷҰԼĸճǿΪм޵ģҪǷȲǿЩȺܹƸճǵ䡣
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ΪԪڵ㹻ǿɣkΪʲôѹư۹ΪkǵߡӢ鹹ɵ
һǿҲ취ɱģټĴ˭
ҲΪʲôֻʥߺƽٲŻôԭ
ʷٷҪԮ
ֻм˰ֵһ»ҲҳȺɱ߽߳



014 Ԯִ
ɽһƬޱȵս
µʮֻܲμսֻв֮ʣ֮һ񣬵kҲԱṩȺǲģµսܵͣʮֻ߾пܻɱkǡǰããķȺʱ޷㣬ΪӿľѾڱ˵ߡֻڵܵԴȺĸߣkҲóȻжΪµԶҺԸʴkǵƬ
һֻֻķߴ׹
Ⱥڽɽʱ˾޴ɺںԶһıһͷڵ񱻵˴ܣ漴ʮֻĸȥ˫Ų׹תۼѾټ
淨ʦף
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ʷٷеסˣֱλøһɫӡǣһ޴ķ£һɹɻаϢӿһ𰵺ɫĹâ
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ʮ߽ʦٻĶħʷٷʩչĶħҪöࡣ
Ȼ˶󡣡
ʷٷҵ߿ԽսսɫһĶŮʣһƲԾȻԥ·ˡ



015 ֣
ŮʸʷٷҹȥԸЩϹаȫһӵмߵǻͬʱûбʶܱ֮ǻҪࡣ
ĵ˾Բܵ
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ʷٷҵӰ˲ʧԭأ1׷ٶŮʴ͹Ŀռ꣬ٶʹǽ紫͵
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ʷٷҵӰһռѷ˳һǲɫһ䣬Ϊ˿̾ͳµĴ⡣
ԶŮϸһ˿񶾵Цݡ
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һɿµал۳ͣkһ״ӵǧǧǧŤӴаֱܲǰʷٷҡ
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һ֮۸ʷٷҵ棬ӭ˹֮ǻʷٷҵǰһ޴µɫķ˫ײһ˲䱬ޱȵγɵĳԪؿµĴ϶һȦɢ
䣡
˫ڼݵʱڽһΣһʷٷҲûгԿҲûռˣΪĿǰʵԿ֮ǣǰøոջָǽ編ʦսʩȼ30
֮ǵĳʷٷҷ˶ԶŮʵ׷ɱƻó֮еķأҪȻҲ᲻ɱʱԻ־
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һŽܳɣ֮ͬʯҲ˻
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Ҫֶʷٷұ뽫Լ֮עУ֮ʯлĴԪصԶԸתƽֻһãڴʦ֮ʯһ˵壬ܹṩĽ̬޽ӽڴľ塣֮֮ܶʯǳǿ󣬵Ҳ൱Ĳףʷ֮ʯֵĴ٣󲿷ֶǹŴʦġ
1šѯһһٲϡʷٷ
Ӵ֣ܿһϵеĲ嵥㸡ǰ
Ϊ֮ʯ壬ʷٷѾ˲ٵİŷ֮ʯǹƾЩԶԶʷٷһҪ֮Ѫ̬֮ʯʺɫģͺѪһɫ˵֮ʯ֮ѪΪϣʷٷͬҪԼľѪԣ⻹ܲҪİΪ֮ʯĲһԲ
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ʷٷҺ´μʱԼ»ҪٶӴޱȵĳȺ



016 ʱ
µĳȺˡ
ΪȻ⣬ʦҲûа취׷ɱЩɢĸߣֻܹβĿǰ󲿷ֵʦڸɽǱߣЩķ߿Բܣά̹޵ʬ廹Ҫ취һ£ǵȻܵ飬һͷά̹޳ʮĦ̩ʦֻҪһά̹ڵѪ⾫Լоһά̹޵ṹһЩõĶ
ԴʷٷҲûֹΪҲùʱоά̹ޡ
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ΪµԴ̫ѷҲû̫ĺöȷʵǱȾҪࡣճǽ緵ٶʷٷҪһЩĲԣɳλפٶʱҲṩ
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ˡгΪʱʿǱѡҪһԭ򡣡


017 ʱ
ʱʿʷٷҵıе𾪡
ȥ˵ʿԺѪʿ࣬ɫǽʿѪͳΪʱ˵ʿѪͳƽʱΪѡ
ǰͷʱʷٷ֪ĵڶʱһ˵һֱӡǳǵİλ档
ΪĳЩԭ򣬽ʱŦػ߱ӵһٿʱʱƽͨǿԻҪһЩķʽѡʸߡ
ʱ䣬ռ䣬򣬻ҡ
ЩǶԪΪǿķԴıʱʦȻʱ侲ֹķֻǽСΧڵʱ棬԰񼶵ĵ˾ѾʧȥЧʱ䶼ŵģֻзΧڲֹܶͣʮʱ䣬˵ǴʱѧġʱѲٿصķҲ޷ȥδҪȻЩѾкܶ취ԱԼˡ
ʱĴһֱأ˵kǶ̷ֻ˵ڹʱЧʱ֮
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018 
²λ棬޳
һһɱ¾׵λ棬²λ֮أᱻߣľӣ쵼ȴǷǳϡ٣޳Ǻܳ飬ﳣСħ໥ɱ̲λԿڣˡħߡаħħԭסϲλһ൱ҽλ档
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ͨŴʷѧ߿֪ǹʱ˵һŤɵģĹȣΪ̸ϡ

սҵλƱԽλ޳һлսƽԭĵطסڴˡ
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ҹŮʿ
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ЦעһУ˭ϵҲ˵𣿡

˵꣬תŴȥЩ˺ˣѾʼаԼͽ²λսЩ˶Ҫģλںɽϵλo̬ȣkҲԼĸĸôսĹģһ󵽾Ҳ޷ƿصĵز
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ǰҲлᣬѾˡ
Ѿȫƿڤ



019 ׵·

ߡȽʹߵˡһŮһλĸ޳ʹ
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סһ뾫飬ΪϵҪ֮һȴϵͨһЩֶ󣬼еǻ涼ͽ԰뾫ΪϣΪѪλĵλһֱΣĴĳ̶ֳϱӻǵλΪڡǰƽȡ
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Ů˳ȥ˴ȻҪΪĦ̩ô֮ǾͱԵһ⡣
Ǹ׳֣ô֮Ȼû⡣
ǣ
ԾǸ׸Լһ飬ֻṩԳ֡
ôԸ֮Ǿͺܲˡ
һа
ΪֹԹǿĵˣ
ʥߺƽʱӣʵ»Ȳͳΰ״λ㣬ŮԼҪһĦ̩ԭס
Ϊ޷֮Ͳܸ֮λ



020 ʱ֮
ʱ֮ʷٷ૵
ޱ޼ʵڣʱĵĵȴĴ𸴣kǰ˾ԻȷѡΪԪûбȰʦĸʢˡ
Ҫôʷٷʵ
ǰʱһһ˿ʱѪӣʱ֮ҪԼȥ򡣡
ѪʱѪ

϶
ʷٷҺܿ˾ϣͷôʼɡ
ſԼģ1ɼţʱɨκε쳣ʱԴ˲Ϊ⣬kϸצʵӰ̽צʷٷҵһ㣬漴һɵɫӿڡ
ܷ·ǳĳӦʱһ̶

ɨ赽δ֪ڸ壡
ɨ赽ʱѪ
ںת
ۿɼٶȣʷٷұİɫڱ仯ԭɺѪڱʱѪ滻ƺһѪʷٷұɰɫһصĳɰʸеɫ
Ϣ£
ʷٷͻȻſһϢĲǻ棬Ƿŵʱ⣬ɫĺˢ¡
ܺá
ˡѾʱʿǰʱ¶һ˿Цݣú
ˡ
ԹĴںܸȤȥط
ǹʱĩڵһսƮħľ޴ʬ塣ҪСЩߺ͹ѪеĹеĸΣգȻȥˣҲȾˣkһ޷ķʽά
һͼʱ˹
ʷٷֽס΢΢ͷʱҵˡ
Ҹȥˡ
ϣһμʱŦڡ
ʱ廯һɫǹɢصĴӵʷٷĿǰ޷kǿʱΣҲöԵkǱ־⡣
ܵһлָ
ʷٷʱŷ˽̸ôãʱȴûκα仯1ɨԼ仯ܿ㷢Լ΢ʱѪƺӵвںսԼӵѸݵѪڶʱڱ˵ٶȡ
ϢµѾ˾޴ı仯
ʷٷӵֲͬϢһӶʱ䣬ñϢеĵѸ˥ϣ˥ϵЧΪλ޷ģҲ÷ɢ˵һ˱ʷٷӶʱϢУôԭʮֱ˥ϵʮһ꣬Զ޷ָҲɢЧһϢǷʱеĵ˻ʱʧһֱʱ䵽Ż֣ЧеԹķĿ겻Ǳ𵽴ԪԹǱʱ䳤ڡ
˵ʷٷڶһʹ˷ϢôԷ̾ͻʧǰ޷ٽл
ʱʷٷҿȿˮħѪȻϸһֵĹ򣬶Էֻٶƾճ֡˵Ҫ˥ϢöˣڹؼսǼӵʱҲŤתƣ˵ǰѵ˷ʱ䳤ˡ
ʱ֮ʷٷһȭܵһж˲䶨
ǹʮӺеһвŻָ
ںʱѪķʱֹͣѾ˲ˡ
ʷٷҡԤߡ
λŮ׼ڰԨϢ櫺ˡ
İħ
ħ
޵ԨĶħô˵ɹ˵Լĸˣ
áʷٷһ⣬ھ͹ȥڷٶǿԿʼ׼ˡ
Ԯִ
µʱ
ڰԨ
ħ֮ɵĺΰѾʷٷںڰԨĴӪפŴĶħʿǱӡĿռѷ츽ס˴ĸ߽׶ħʱһӶӵİħڴӿռѷ߳ԭȶĿռĳֲ˼ΰ棬γһΪȫĴͨЩ߳İħĶħе㲻һޱޱȣжʱޱȵľӣǶħħΪֻмħ˾Ĳӡ
ħһȡʤġ
ЩħһЩǰǻɢŨɱƻԶӰһ㣬վԭҲ𽥱ģ
ߡ
еһѼ⵶ȫɴְҵɵľ񲿶ӣλ˲˼Ĵɱ
һ˿ǿͨռֱ档
ͬʱ
޵Ԩĺڰ֮ͻȻһ֧ĵסձ߾ش



021 ɪܺˣ
ڰԨ
ԭɵĹѾ·һ飬ʷٷ˿ζȽᣬ̫ϲסĵطúͷ­ΪװƷŮֶͳƬĶħʵĺܿ죬ħֽǳ׵壬ֻҪɱ¾ͿѸʵͬʱΪħԶļӳЧϷģ塣ħԼΪħս޷ѹĶħ֪ܶεıʷٷҵĽȣͬʱҲ൱Ŀ
Ⲣ˵ûбҰģֻƵĺܺðˡ
ˡ
ŮʿѾڴˡֶ˳ĵϥӭʷٷҵĵ
ʷٷԵͷš֪ˡ
㡣
ܲ
˵ֶ꣬ͷתŴȥ
еĶħ棬ħѱһ֣ΪϲǿߣΪħҲ̫ϲսʷٷҶħϤоǺܳһʱ䡣Բµֶص뷨޷ǾǽԼΪԴȪ㿴ŪɧӾˡ
տĴڡ
ʷٷ˽ȥֲһ磬ˡ
š櫵ıƽ
ʷٷʵô˵ǳɹˣ
ǿǰɡҡͷҵĸײԽϵӹ֮λ

ô㿴һ̫ĵӣ
ôʷٷʵ
櫱ؿ֮ǣǹ⿿һ˵ǲģ
ǵú
˵⣬櫵ĸһ΢⣬漴һĽӳǰӡķģɫ·ɢһɹɵԪسϫӿ޾ݽߡ
ɪܺˣʷٷҵɫܾȡ
š櫵ͷҴġ˵ǴʦӦ֪
ʷٷеȲؽ˹ϸţɫ΢еԣ૵ȻбôõɪܺˣΪ۹ҲҲֶˡ
ɪܺΪѡ
󲿷ֵɪܺ˶ɪʱͰ۹ʱģʱƶʵеڳǰƶȣ˵ǵ۹һĸճɣҲûлʵ۵Ĵڣֻͳε۹߰ᡣɪܺ˱ɶʦ⿿һɪܺ˻ܷӳ޴ñӦħϵͳȻǸʱħڵģҲ˵ҪħͿԷ
ǰһæʷٷ̧ͷɪܺ˵ĻҰʱ䣬ǾͿԷˡ
һ޾ԴԸɶ飿
ʷٷҿøճǵйʮСʱԸеľṩѵĵԴʱϣøճһֱϲõġȻɪܺ˵δؾͱԪؾ۱¯϶٣Ĳͬɪܺ˲ҪͬʱأֻҪǵħΧ㹻ôͿԳȶԴԴϵһֵȥȡ֮֮ߡ
ʵϣʷٷҵĸճǽԺ󣬴󲿷ʱ䶼ǽٶϵġ
Ϊʲô
ԭܼ򵥡
ģأԪ¯ҪϡʣϿһԪغ˵վΪ˽ԼԴʷٷҾ϶ôɪܺ滻Ԫ¯ĻͲҪˣֻҪħĸǷΧڣ޾ģҲΪʲôɪʱͰ۹ʱڵĸճǶһֱϷɶԭ
ˡ櫺ʲôһ
˵ꡣ
ֻһռѷ죬һ׿׳ʮҵľ޴ʯʷٷҵǰ˶һ¡
Ҹǰǽ粶һʯСǡ櫽͵ʣʯûꡣ
ӦûõϾʹһ顣
Բۣ
鶼ôǮ
ʷٷҿǰľ޴ʯתͷʱѾһӣǲһɪܺ˵;ˣôһʯȻִֻСһ鶼Ϲˡ
λ׵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʷٷǽôʱ䣬ûʯСǣôͺ·߼һô⡣
ѵλ񻹸Ůһȣ
пܣ
ʥߺƽѸ𣬱϶֧ߣޱȻҵĶʱڣʵҪĻôлỹøλùϵŮʷٷǺܸȤġ
˭û»Լ̫أ
ôңôһʱ䲻оϰԽԽˣ櫲ɶһµʿֲľôһԵӡ



022 ڤ֮ˮ
û취
ȱǮ
۵ʷٷôܸһᲢۣڵļҵ׶һһĦ̩ϻġλʱְ첻һڰԨҪúķѺüʱ䡣ڰʦԽԽǹѩͺ̷˺ڴʦħţǸʱռԴҪˡʷٷڻһۼҵ׵Ľ׶ΣȵħӾͺùˡ
׼֮
櫳֮ڤ磬Ϊ֮ǵȾűӡ
ҵ취
ʷٷԳ˼Ƭ̺ôʲôܰæģ
Ħ̩ѭѾƻˡ
λȥ˶֮ڵλ꣬Ȼֱ֮ǵбɸָĹһֱʷٷҶ֮ûʲô취ΪЩɱ꣬һеĸԴ֮ǣk˵ʲôûá
ҴСóһĽɫӡ
һɲǼ䡣
ʷٷҸܵһɷǳɵɴ۾ڤ֮ˮ
š櫵ͷȷе˵ڤȪۡ
Ҫҵ֮ڵԴͷѪأȻ棬ڤȪ۵ԶתΪڤ֮ˮǸʱһ֮ڿسһڤ
ڤӵ֮ǵʴ
ٵk޷֧Щλ꣬ǻԶڤڡ
ʷٷһ֮һڤӣ
⵹Ǹ⡣
֮ѪԴͷǲ֪ġںڰԨҵǿһԨѪء
ԵҲԡ
ǿ׳ڤӵȻͨռͨӵ֮ڤӵеĻҪǿֻҪʹλ涼ᱻת
ʷٷҵǺá
һ·ħ֮Ѩȥ
ܿ졣
ǱﱻӡԨѪرߣǶħıԱԭŴԨ棬ΪʷٷҷӡԨ涼ˡԺҲûжħԨѪصڣһԸܵħĻ֮
ҿʼˡ
˵ֽ꣬ɫеҺ嵹ԨѪڣһɲǼѪضԭɫѪˮ𽥷ڣһŤˮ渡֣Ǳˮ͹һŤȴǱһ㱡Ĥһô޷ħӰѪڸ֣ǳʷٷҷŭһǳݣڤֱΪӡӯëȥ
ԨѪתΪһصĻɫɵĲɢʷٷҵڣһ𽥳ƮС
ģжħģҲԪλ顣
Щ𽥱ãȻǵڲϵر仯ħ¶ǻЩǻʱ̬ΪڰԨĹϵЩȫŤתΪ˶ħ
һι
ʷٷҵڣλ겻֪ʱ֣ǰűǰڤӳڣԸԸⶼֻء
ڤӵ׳󡣡櫳
˵꣬ϵĶ񣬾ͽһĳȹһ߽ǰڤӳڡ
ϢɡŮ
ԭ궯λƽŮ½ڤڣ󲿷ֵ궼ȥϵһ˿Ѫɫ΢⣬ǺڰԨҲǽתΪħĸԴЩĻ𽥻ɫ壬ͨ˵ɫа֮䣬ٲֵ긡һƬɫ⣬ЩǱħĴꡣΪڰԨԣЩʺתΪħаѾʷٷҲûпִа⡣
ٶ
cһϮǳɫĽ´޵Ժ˳һ·϶ϵ˳ŮҲһͷӦʦش֮ǺŮcλóΪ쵼ߣܶΪǱʷٷҰпƵһܣʵʷٷҶͳﲢûκε뷨ڶɹѵʱںʷٷұİȨǡc쵼е޵ԺάΪĵľӡ
΢ҹ
cһɾѣһݶе£Ѫɫ˴Ŀ·ڱǳĹԡ
ǳȥġһƵʧȥһУ
cתȥԼ׷ǡ
άҾƲԼ˿ڣڽذףɮǿճĬЩ˶սʿǸոմɱ޹Ϊ˸ﲹʳͬҲΪĥԼʵ
˶ƴԼΪµһ׼š
Щûܻʹ඼øǿ
ŽһΪ˿Ƕʧȥ˼԰Ϊ񣬹ȥìܷѾ£Ϲаĳȥĳɼѹء



023 ı䷨
ǿ
ʷٷһ·ҲǼٵǿߣû˵˭ֱڤ֮ˮڣҲ׽Ӵڤ֮ˮƶԪҲֻܵڤӵʴڤ֮ˮʷٷ޷µĵطڻϴһ˵ļ䣬Ƚ֪ڤԻħǵ͵˼άңҪǽӴڤ֮ˮԵʧȥһֵļ䡣
ԭڵڤ֮ˮƽʶƮ
ûĸ棬ֻԴģɢԴʱִԴȡʷٷԴϲλ桢²λֻڲλ棨Ԫλ棩һĶԪ㡣
ʦΪԴǶԪھԵĸԴǴԴеġ
ԴҲ쳣пģǼΣյڣ뵮ķʽԼֽȰЩùķֽֽȻͨһµİֽĳ̶ֳϣԽԴɻɢֻأ̶ǰһŰֽɾĨȥеǰ䣬Ȼٽʹһ顣ȻҲǰе궼ֻأ൱һֵͨԴ
Ǳ֤ѭУ͵߻á
ħħȡĸ֣֮ͬһȡ꣬kȾ֮ĿľǴڤɵƬϵڤӵĿģΪ꾭ڤӽԴⱻʴڤӼͨͬҲǱֶΡ

Ҫغӵڤ˳źڰԨʡ櫴ڤӳ˳
ʪĳȹϣ¶毺õŮߣʷٷʱûͣڿ߹ССغ˰벽ǲܽӴڤ֮ˮģɲʧȥһֵļ䣬ЩԺĲҪļ䡣
ûµġ
ֱӽӴڤ֮ˮҲ̫ܵصʴЦЦʵڤ֮ˮҲġ
һЩаħͨڤ֮ˮ壬ȻǸĴҲС
˹
˵Ǹȫ³˽㶼ڤݹİƺڤĸһӵǿһʵ
ʷٷҶԴ˲ȤҲڤݸ衣
غӵûκ⡣ʷٷҵͷںڰԨвٵħܣǿԺܿͨһӵ
ʯħ𽥱̭
ΪͶǺܺϸģʮСʱȫ¹η硣۹ĳ̶ֳϵ˵ֱӰһ͵θߵǼʻʱֻεеһжʦڡ˲ɪʱǰ۹ʱǳѸ٣ת֮һԻ͵ͽˣȻʷµ˻صʱڡ
ҴħҲ԰æ
עʷٷһڤӵ᳹׸ıλ棬Ժħת½
һֵпܻڤӸ
Ӧ֪ɣ
ʷٷҵͷֻ֪ԺڰԨԴȤûдʲôħ֮
⴦С
ϣתڰԨķʱҿȫ̸ԹۣҶλ淨֪ʶܸȤ

Դ֮һ
ǰڰԨķн궼תΪħҳŻӪһƫơλ涼Ӧķ棬˵ʷٷҺϲļ־ǽλеÿȫǿ־޷Կͻᱻλ沶ԶҪ뿪λ档ںڰԨڤӾΪ˸ıķͬԺҪ֮Ҳ֮ƶķ
Բԥһ£Ųŵͷԡɽ
ħſʼɡ
ҽȥڰԨĵƣȻڤӺӵ·߽㡣
һദĺ顣
ʷٷصͷھȥ׼
һֱķܸȤ櫿ԳɹתڰԨķôȻܴлǳ
ʱ䡢ռ䡢
ʷٷͨλ淨ĽԼһԪڲֻзſշʷо˾ͻ֣ᷢҲᳬʮʱ䡣
ķ¿ԹΪЩı̬ıСıʵıռ䣬ת֧գְյȵȡ
ʷٷĿǰоǸıռ䣬ת͸ıʵ
Ϊʱʿԭʷٷӵ΢ĸʱԼǲҲܴﵽӦĲ档



024 һ
ȺĦǡ
һʷĺΰУʥߺƽʱڣڵʱֻһ۵ͳУ׵Ҳս׳ʥߺƽٽһٶʱһԾΪλһľͳСĦӵгһǧ˿ڣ޴ĸۿͣص̴һ̶֧֧ﲻźó׵ֳʱĵĦǳΪӴ½ͺȺҪתվ
ŷס׸¡
Ｘ߳ϵľķͽΪ񲢲ǿҪͽ̷ֻһ˵ԭ˻ͬʱũҵŮͲƸŮ
Ħǳ⣬ũҵͲƸλŮǿ飬ͬʱΪᶨ֮һǲƸŮ񣬾˵ܹһڽΪǿİǾԹûģΪó׺ֳʱĵΪĻƶƸŮΪ羭÷չҪߡũҵŮǺٲķͽһֱũҵչϵ׳˿ڣ³ͽ
ʥߺƽʱڣĦǵ˿ڲֻжʮ򣬿ʮũҵŮǹû
ӸۿڵλһֱĶһʮ׿ĴܵĽ滮൱Գƣֵܸɾඨ˴ɨ໨ľͳаҵĻȣĦǿ˵һǳĴС
Ȼ΢ĴҲǴ￪ʼġ
ڸۿҵϱһƬĿյأոձ滮ԭӦΪµסլΪ³ŵľȽһȻ̬԰
⼸ʮʱ棬³൱Ծ
óкȻгΪÿжҪ30%̻ǵ뷨˵ԱǳͷۣҪǸ򲻹ǿѾ̸϶ˡ
û취
³ְҵǺܴģⱳũҵŮ̻ӰλŮƺǴһķʽµְ
ֵʱʱдźѲ߶ӾĦǵ൱ı뺷ӵλǿĺΪҪ޽սĹϵʿ͸һɱ
ʥߺƽȻˣһЩನδɢȾбΣյĺ
пԿٵİ뾫顣
ǰ뾫˿ĵطΪѪԭ뾫ϣĦǽ֮ľӵһ˿뾫ѪͳеķɭϣΰҲ൱ãû˭ĦǵΰӣΪӺȺ˻ϱ
ڸۿ԰״ˣǴ󲿷ѩŮ񣬾˵״ͳ߾ãһ㲢ûйٷϡ
ҹɫ΢
һݵӰͻȻ˽ֵϣһ뾫飬ӵкɫͷںɫӣӰ֮Уܵ˺ƶӶĦڣߵĺͣ½Ų૵ֹȥһٶˡ
ӰĵĹ㳡Ȫһ漴ǳŲ̻Ի͵ȥ
ǲƸŮ
е棬ƸŮɧһΪϲɫ̻Իͣˮʱ򻹻ǽǶɫıʯôûбϮֻ˵ƸŮʵǺǿģĽвǿְҵߡ
ݵӰֱӽ˲Ƹڡ
վſڵʿƺûзֻдоɨһۣȴûκη֡
һλʦ
ڽ̻ܹĦе̻϶Ǵְҵߡ
Ƹ൱Ŀװ޼ݻʹ˴ĽĽܶ˻ƽλȻҲǴģһߴ׵ľ޴ƽþ˿϶ѳֲס
ˡһ͵Ů
һɫĹԸ֣һʵӰʵһɫ͢ȹŮӰ΢΢ͷʾƺЩԹҵܾˡ
ǲƸŮĻ
뿪ԼĹȣ˴󲿷ʱ䶼û
šĻܵҹŮʿѾˡϷľƺܻҡĽͽ׼ɡ
ʱ١
￪ʼˣ
ƸŮͽ鲼أֻҪó׵ĵطͽԾȻĽ̻Ტûôܴ򣬿ռ鱨ȴһѺ֡Щλ˿һȱǣľǲƸŮũҵŮ
ˣô˵أʥߺƽʱھܴһˣ
˭Ҳ֪ڵʵжǿ
ΪǿиһԨѪս󣬶ԪڱҲû˳ֵļ¼Դ˿˵൱ļɵ



025 
ڡ
ƸŮʿĬĬעǰһֱûܿ͸ǰˣ֪Ҫʲô
⼸ʱĵطӭ˿ڱԵΪʥߺƽʱй¶ˮԵˣһֱĶ࣬Ϊ˿ڵıó׾òŷչҲɹһʱΪǿ顣
ɼˣƸŮʿһԹ
Ϊλһ൱̵ˣԼں˶ĺܺã෴صˣÿζɳȥͷЩۻ
ҹŮʿ׼ˡ
鲻˭Խ֣ǰ״ıѩŮ񣬻޵ԨĿ־˫ӣֻǸڵũҵŮЩ鶼ӵжԿҹŮʿ׼ȳȥһ
˵ûһԹǿ϶ƭ˵ģƸŮʿҲ֪ԼǿޱȵʱȴǲûзԵ
ٶʱ棬˵һְǿ齨ĲƸϵʱΪʥߺƽٵĳλó׾ϵٱʱп˥䵽ûİ޷ڵĵز
šһעǡƸŮʿ
ơ
ְ˲ƸŮʿһսϵ飬λִɱ¾ӰԶӲ
ˡͻȻðЩһԶһЩ
ͷԸ治Щˣҿɲϣһλİ֡

ƸŮʿ񶼱õĹϵҲ֪Էʢĺģ֪һЩٶԵͷ֪ˡ
ܺá΢Цȥ׼ɡ
ǵһܾˡ
˵꣬תŶũҵȥһĻٻҪѾһҲҪŽԼӭӼս
ũҵͺһ޴Ļ԰
˽ɫСԶųյ̬Ŵ涷޵滨ݣһЩ̵˳ǽũҵŮǶԪŵ飬κͽаĽתΪũһɹΡλŮӵдĵ³ͽƹũͬʱҲڹ滮Ȼͳͷ۲ѣΪϲʲô̻֮Ķ
Ҫʱ³ǻʽȥЭ
λŮǴ֮ĸŮȻ֮ĸѾãȫְԼŮɶλ񱣳žη
ˡ
ڣһɫĹԣһͷڴŴɫȹŮӰ֣עǰЩӵı붯𣿡
λŮһֱͼ;ìܣǳûκγɹ
鶼Ǻ̵ģ
ĳͻԽԽң⿿һũҵŮ治һС
עҪѪעǰũҵŮޱҲˡ
ʱҪı䣡
ΪѾ׼ãһбһ
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е鶼ΪȻ𺦵һ棬ƶʷĳֹǰƱҪκ赲Ĵڡ
ҡũҵŮĬãŵ֪ˡ
һλͰп˵Ů
Դûиκ齻Ҳٲķһκڱ̬ûжѡء
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鲢ϲǷ飬ΪЩҪġ
ֻһҪ󡣡ũҵŮͻȻ̧ͷ
ԻʲôҪ󣿡
ũҵŮޱȵ޵Ԩ²λľӾԲܽλ棡ҾԲܽܵһ飡еķڵһУλսһǿиһС
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ԳĬƬ̣Żԡ²λսᲨλһС
˵Ĺ鷲ˣĹ顣
ڵõĳŵũҵŮ¶һ˿΢ЦǺáһվһߡ
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ʱѾûκ˿赲һУ
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026 ţһ
ڰԨ
µʱת۾͹ȥˡ
ʷٷҵħŰ£һѵĺӵѾصȼƽԭڤ֮ˮ˳ӵʾڰԨλ档޵ԨΪڤӵԵʣе궼תΪħлһֻ飬˵ԻĲʬڰԨҲ飬һЩͼýʬʶεڤӸȡڤϢ
ʱʷٷҷһٶԤߡ»صճ廷ʦѾһ߶ӡ
ѧԺǰҪս£ǣʦ̽һЩµĴ½沢ûʦļĶһЩԭʼˣе½ЩطǹŴʦĲкŸָΣ
ħ֮ѨѾĹģÿһξһöɫˮ鲼Ҫڡ
ɪܺѾװ˸ճϣʷٷҽԭԪ¯תƵ߽ĹṩԴҪһ죬ЩʷٷԶģԶԶûôߵЧʣֱͨÿ춼ᶼĿʯ͹ڰԨľ󲿷ֽʷٷҿߵĿʱûзⲻò˵һź顣
Ĵڡ
ʷٷҵǰһöˮͶӰԤߡŮ׵Ӱ
ħѾתֻҪԴÿ춼ħ񣬲ѶȱȽϸߣȱ㹻ĸ߽ʦԤߡͶӰעʷٷҵʯħҺͰɯԶϿܲܶࡣ
ʯħɪʱ۷ħռΪħѾ౻̭ˡ
ҪΪԼ۱̫ˡ
Ȼǰ۹ʱĹװżܸߣƫԶֶεħܣսħܵǽʯħǿʷٷǲ̫ģΪǵĿԲǺܸߣħ񶼱Ǹӿᡣǽʯħϣܹһ㣬ΪʯħĿǰΨһԿȺ޵ĴڣͨĸħѹЩȻ
š¸»ȥʱԶ֡ʷٷҳ˼Ƭ̺ˡĲ𣿡
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ħܶװ׵ĻϾ͸캽ĸӲ࣬ʷٷҪǲºڰԨ첻
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֪Ԥߡͷһܿɿӡ
ŮײƲƲ죬漴ǱߵѾ£һѧ˶ԸǺ
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ƺǴתƵĵطҪ𣿡
ʷٷü˼Ƭ̵ùǡʱûȥʰѧɡ
ֻҪǲ¾Ϳˡ



027 ţ
ٶħ񹤳
ߡɯռĹѲӣھʷٷħ񹤳Ѿʮ䣬ˮߵķʽϵŸħĿǰħ񹤳ڹĹҪµʯİ壬Ǹħ㲿äŮ׻ĳԱħ¼ģĹɰɯ߽Ůɡյǰħ񹤳Чʣÿĸħ浽ֿڡ
ɯ¡Ĵ꾧ʯˡһŻ۵Ů˽
ħܵķԴ١
Ҫһ֧꾧ʯǰʦǶǳȡԼħܣôϷ˵ǿ۳ľֵħ񡣲ڰ۹ʱһȡͻƣʦͨȡ꾧ʯ֧ħܵĹ;飬ԺħŵĹģſʼҪȻһֱĸʦҲԲ
֪ˡߡɯԵͷȥһϳ
ħ񹤳꾧ʯ󲿷ϳӦڶɹʼںһֱԴԴϵظʷٷṩԴ
֮ԹԳרɱЩĹȡ꾧ʯ
Ը
װ
ߡɯеķħҪ칹װר⣬ҪͬʱķҪľԸһ߻ķҪ߽ʦʩչ漶ħ񣬻ҪʩչŻԸħܵƣһΪȽϴһҲû㹻ĸ߽ʦͺˣû㹻ĸ߼ʦ⿿ͨĹȻ޷ҲһЩ˵㲿
ˡ
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ںڰԨѾˣһλΪԴܣʷٷӹöٱǰࡣŮǵҹϹ£ٶѾ˳ĸħ񣬱Ͽܻе㲻㣬ʯħѾ㹻Ⱥһս
ϾʷٷҲҪμԨѪսһ֧ħѾﵽҪ
£ϳ
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ѾϻΣϺ߰˷ֵƣ渲ŰɫĽʲ㣬ͷһСɵĴǣݸ࣬е㾫ɽŮϺֳ٣ȺܵȫϺһͳߣ׷ǿΪĿꡣһӶӵߣΪʷٷҵĸ棬𽥻ָǼȺߵӾһ־
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Ǳһǽ壬ܳһʱڶǽƯ
꾧ʯˡɯʷٷҸҪ¸±뽫ħĿӵһǧϡ
ŮԳĬƬ̣ŵˡ
ӯĴ΢һ£漴һӶӵ廤һϺĴ¸˹Ը廤߽֮ܵɱһЩǿħ
ǡŮϺɵ
ɯԳһ£漴Ҫǰæ𣿡
ҪŮ΢ЦܹӦһС
˲һҪ֤ԼļֵŮʺһ㣬Ϊֻʷٷҵռ㹻ķܴȺҪĶ
ߡɯûж˵ת뿪˵ϳ
ʷٷҵȻǱ˴˼ĹϵȴܣȺֻһ˵Ħ̩ԭסʦֻԱȽѺãʦǸĹϵѻħˡ
˶ΪʷٷҲŽᵽһ𣬶ʼһеʦ

һЩٶЩϲ˽ӴҲϲʦǴ򽻵ֻżȥݷһİͰ֮ȵŮΪʷٷҵľηѡӣ廷Щʦʵһ㶼¡
ںҪʱ䡣
ʷٷҵĴȷʵǽЩϵһǵʦȴûɵ顣



028 ţ
һȫܷĺϽǰ
ߡɯְǰˮϣһطӡǵ⸡֣˱Ļеɨ裡
Ȩȷϣ
ӭ㡣ɯ¡
ޱȵĺϽſһѹɢڣǰһں˯ĻʯϿŶƯԶûʯſһѵĻƽ˯㣬Կһƹ˳·һ춯ǻ˯ҲʶצӰµĻƽԼǰ߽ҵġȫҵġٺٺ١
ɯǰһĻǳ˳飬תұһյĴȥ
޴ڴŴĻƽϡŹֵıʯϣֵ˯룬Ϥζûнȫѹ
Ȩȷϡ
ڿ1Ųֿ⡣
ߡɯ˽ȥܿóһݺõľ𶧡¸ֶǽϽһкת뿪˲ֿ⣬ǰٻһˮֱӵ˺˯ĻԴϡ
˭˭˭ҵΣɶ񣡡ˮһúܿ쾪ѹҰſȥ˯ˡ
ҵһ޴ĵ²ֿ⡣
һʯħվԭһÿдһңһֱȥԶǿռ䱻۵ԶеĸǳʷٷҵֱۣԴӹ۲֮ĵĿռչڿռѧʶ˲СĽɯ˵ʷٷоһĴ淨ͦŹֵģǽʲôǬֶĴʻ㣬˵һķʷٷĿǰûоɹ
ڵ²ֿǰһĸħԱ߻δİٶؾܶ࣬ʱҪȥάΰ
һظߴĸħһźѹΪһʦɯȴϲĻ棬һĪСָЩħϻһԵİϡȸħҪƯ࣬ɸָˮ΢΢ɫ⣬Ŵķӡ̣ˮǾµķ·ƷĹװܲűȽϷŮԵ
ٰɯ̾Ϣ
ĿǰٶڼӰӵĸϹħܣǾʷٷҪвٲࡣ
ԴʱǹõģڼԱ㣬廷äŮ׻ᡢǶвٵĸ߽ʦʦʵսɣǵ֪ʶе㲻أħѧԺʦֻ
ʦǱҲﲻʲôæóħ񣬾˵Ѿ˲ٳ
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029 ˥
廷ռ̨
ڿ´ڣÿµлٿλŵϯŮסܽŮ׺ݶŮףΪʷٷ̫ҪæѧԺ߻϶λŮ׸廷⼸˺üλϯʦԭռ̨ǰϯԪسصǰϯȻΣά˶ʦΪά˶ʦ֮ս˼ڵ״̬ȶǰֲ԰ϯŮסܽӹѧԺȨ
ĻһϯʦʷٷңȻŮ׺ݶŮѡһԼλӡ
λŮ׵·ѧԺʦǷֱεĻϻ˺ŮסʦطᣩʦʦĪʦˣ廷Ȩ쵼ѾϣԪسءֲ԰ռ̨Ľ߶ǰźˡŮ׼ĪʦԼλãݶŮ׼ԪسؽʦʷٷҸõǰʦпܳΪռ̨ϯʦ
֮ǰźһУΪŮ׻ݶŮףʵѸ٣δ϶ҪΪǽʦġ
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ʵѾʦıԵʱпͻƵǰƿ
Ǳȡ˲СĳɹʦʦʾãǩµԼ
šϯŮסܽԵ֪ˡһ׼
Ԫسصʦվɽؾ̽Ȼȱ㹻֡ΪԼӴͶ룬ؾԴǳḻ
ʱ˵ŮףҡͷǵǰҪӦ֮ǡ
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030 ɽؾ
ӡ
ŵһͷ⸡֣һϮʦ۵ʷٷҴӷ˳
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ʷٷһ·ǰкܿ˿ռѷĸԭİλѾǳױˣֻʣһڵĿռѿڣ·ǺڶʱʱὫܵУǿҵķǴɢġ⸽ǻŴԪŭԣʷٷֱӸԼʩչһߵ
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ѪɫǿһѪԶɫ֮ܣͬεĺһֶֻܴüɽʵԶλ棬սȼﵽ10+һӴ޼ͨĺ߰˷ֵơЩ޲û֪ʶУҲ޷巨ֻܹʹԴϢ¡
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廷ؾһǰսжһؾ״ؾĳϵΪǷһЩѾȫ𻵵ĹŴַּĻôĦ̩缫пܻؾǰաˮ𡯵ķʽеġ
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ǰվĹģ󣬲ȴפ˽ʮʦӪһͷ޴޵ʬ壬峤ŰңףףѾ˻ϸŽۣͷǺ׳˶ֻкѪ˴ǣ֫൱׳˻ŵչ
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ǸŴͷԪسʦе㺩ţҡͷóԡһӽζ
ˡ
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ʷٷѾ²ۣɴ಻ЩҪԾͳ԰ɣԪسԪػԵؽҲûëġ
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ιҪжϻɽؾͺ״ؾϵ˫ĳϵĻյˮĲ֣Ŵʦǿ϶ֻһԸĳֹĦ̩ҵؾ
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ά˶ʦѾҽڻҽĲкڸɺԹѵƤ
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ά˶ʦһߵڸ֮ǴصϵǱǰԪسϯʦĹ¶ΪԸԭ˵ĹϵôΨĵʦƽʱ𾴡һսԪسϯʦ䣬ά˶ʦΣѾԼѡеĳϹавѡ˷һлΪ˸ֽԼմֻϵЩҽ޵ŭдδϨ
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ˡʷٷȡٻ׼һԡ
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δ֪˳棬Ǻܿϧ֮Ƿʶ壬ʷٷҲûа취kоĽ
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׶ࡤǱߵ״Ѿʼɱߺ󷽵ĸ߽׳Ⱥսλ𽥳֣ܵѹҲԽԽ󣬴ߡǱߺͶħĳľܿʼˣһͷʮ׸ߴһƶСɽľ̤սʱ׶ࡤܵѹʱһͷ켶ĳȺսλǵϵ½սߣһͷҲᱻ׵˺顣
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048 ·ս壩
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ڷص룬ά˶ʦӰǰעǰɫ˳ƽӴȺˡ
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ʷٷҵĹ۲죬ʦͬҲδʺϽӹ廷ϯʦѡ֮һ
϶һֱ廷ʷٷ֮һϯʦضŮ׻ݶŮ׵еһȻ֮ѡʦʦŮ׺Īʦˡ
ʦԸʵԤѡ
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ǰһİӣºݰһ˿˿ɫѪ



049 ·ս
Ԫسʦ
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ԸճǵԮѸٽʧض˻
ӴǺѸһά˶ʦڳȺɱɱ⣬˶Ǳŷ͡
ޱȵսܿ챬
Ƶħǰͺ̣ǷʦǵʵӲŶѻʬٶȽƽǽ£Һά˶ʦǱ˵ȺĴ󲿶ӣٻĻԪشǰĳȺӦúѿ
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ĸףŮά̹޵ϷŮʵӰǰ
ԶֻһŮʡ
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ѾɳΪŮڿնλϺĻ£ӭǰ𽥱ƽά̹ޡ
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һͷͷʯӰʣҲ֪ʷٷҵ׸˶ĴۣһεԼȻٻ˽ӽһͷľӴգ޴ĺӰХֱӭǰķȺ
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Ҫİ
ǰİ׶ࡤѾ˻ϥڵţһƬŨȻУĵһöɫʵһ̿ռ䷢ӥУһͷͷӥӰ֣ʮͷ׵΢΢õ³ǳ
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ħܾ峬IIIڳУǰܽ10%20%30%
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050 ·սߣ
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ڣôĹǵʦԸеˡ
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051 ·սˣ
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սһضɽҡ
ά̹Ϲа︯ǽ޾սޣӴޱȣʮڱʱɵĶҲ󣬷·Ƿһһ

ŮʽͶУѾǳȺһαʷٷһά̹ˣȴƫƫʷٷûκεİ취ȺûʲôԶĹֶΣǲ߱пλȫʷٷ˦ȥһʱ֮ۺ͹۲֮ۻڵģʷٷǿ϶ô׿µ֮ۺ͹۲֮۶ѾɱϹаＸûʲô취вǽеĸճǡ
ЩҪȵʲôʱ򣿡ŮӰһͷеĳ泲ϣܷ˷ŭ
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лһ޵ĺ⣬һͷˮıǵ⼸忪ƶǣǾҲ޷赲Ӱе˵Ĺ
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һŤεӰ˰УkƺӰλ飬ɢŨĸϢ֮ǸҸ˵k壬һֽʵ֮Ĺkڰвϵر仯ƺ˴꣬ʱʱİӵkڴЩӲkǡͷ°תֱиռѺۺγɵĽƬɢƻħϢ
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սϵ˲ɫȻԭѾȺڴɱɱά˶ʦҲһԾصϿȺ󷽡
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ܻĵˡ
䡣
սĲ洫˰׶ࡤʹĵͺλõͻȻըѣһýӰԾȥֱӻаֱ۴̴˰׶ࡤߵࡣһ΢ЫӰڳ͵Ϯ˰׶ࡤߵˣķմѪֱ۷ڿһ£
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ԭѾϹа͵Ϯ̴İ׶ࡤͻȻվ˶˰˰̬Ƥȫ˼͵Ƥ뷢ĸ룬ؿλһɫѪܸ֣λõĿն˿ѾϣڵѪ𽥱仯һɫܵħʬڷٵڣѪ⾫ӿ˰׶ࡤߵ壬ͫ𽥻һƬ׵Ѫɫֱ̧㵯ʮס׼սĵˣ׼ӭӴȻĸɣ
˿̵İ׶ࡤ߿ͺһϹа
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¶Ѫ³һЩѾȻ֮ĸ֮
һѪħڣȡѪͺʳһѪ⣬Ű׶ࡤߵ塣Щڰ׶ࡤܵѪ³Ҳ׷׿ʼһ˰˰ģǵɢһѪаϢȻ
ǺǣһĹǸѪƵϹаնһ˾㤵ĹЦ
ϹаͻȻִԱߵһͷħڣŵkϱѪµ˿ڱ㿪ʼϣеħѸٿήһ߸ʬҲһͷѪ⾫Ϲаת֮kƾѾȫˡ
ɡľǿ󣡡ͷϹаƺѪ⾫ĳִkȻ˽ˮǽĿ˰׶ࡤߵϡ
ԷеkľõkһĽɱ䡣
Сģ
жڿǣŮ׵Ӱ
䣡
սλãͻȻһ޴Ĵִӵ˳ǵڶĸԽԽĴӵǷɨǰˣһʱضЩ
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052 ·սţ
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ʷٷҲϵشԮսͬʱ֮ǵҲڴӵӶkĴѾ쵽սˮСkֱӾͿԹصĺġ
Ǵһı
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ɽʯתǰĵˣkץһͷ޾ͺʯͷͶ˳ȥű˫ץסǰһֱﵽʮ׳һ׵Ĵ롣λ񷢳һŭŽ֮ǵĴ𣬴ƬɫѪڵϣ̵ĸʴɽˡʯץ֮ǱնϵĴ룬ǻһٶ׵ıӣųǰĵˣһʱ䵽ǱɵӰ
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սλãǧͷĸڷΧ⻹鷳飬ΣյĵЩͻȻðߣԼһŤľ޴ĻεĺѪߵĹkһµİѺ֮Ǹk򿪵һͨ
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սϵ˶ǲɻһٲ˴۶ڱһ˿˿ѪԶһ޴ĺƻ԰ĹkûֱӿսǺܽرž룬ƺԶϹаǻۡ
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˵Ӱͬʱʧǰһոոԭ֮ٶܵشkǰһո޸ֱӱݻ٣Ȼǧٿ׵忪ʼԶȡ޸
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СŮĸб֮⣬ȥϵۻ࣬һ͸İɫλ֮ڡ
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һˮ䡣
һ˷ܵĻѹѾõʹ
ڽˡ
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ӭ˶ӭ


 ʷٷҵļ


001 ʱ䣡
̤̤̤
ɫ΢еƣŮռ̨ϣĿѰһȦüʷٷأ
֪ԤߡǰĿˮջߣ̧ɫҲڲʺ纣ɡʲô飿
û湻𣿡Ů΢ؾͣСֹȥȻһ𣡡

һƨɳϣԹǵ顣ʷٷǰŸߣЩʦǺžͲʵˡ
ץһʧصĺʦ
ԤߡҲüǻ͵͵ȡϹаѪ⾫
šһȺķӣŮײǰ첻иһﳹʧأһ䶯ΪЩһѧһ㣬û뵽ȻץһϹакķӣ
أԤߡʵ
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µ˿̫ˡ
֮ȻѾˣķΧǾ渽طһƬһƬɳĮߡ׶ĹҪʱָҪĵ³ˣʷٷҲɳĮû̫İ취Ǳȴ࣬ͺƻ׵Ҫָȴѣ֮ǸĴʹóϰʱ䡣
ԤߡŮףҡҡͷ΢ЦúϢһʱɡ
˳ܵѹ󣡡
ȷʵҪһɵļڡ
ʷٷȷʵˡ
Դʦȡ彫еһжиʷٷҼǴδкúϢɹԼһսƴݿӮһΰʤֻһֱʷٷߵԤߡ֪Ϊһսı˶ãٴҹʷٷڸڽܵսݡһֱ֮Ů櫵ĳ֣ʱüͷʷٷ΢һ㣬Ϊ˵櫺ħſֲƻеı㣬Խս۵ıСֵ
Ļ󼴱ӮʤҲҪڸ߳ϣ
һʦս
ʦսҪһֲսĹУսǰ׼С
ͱ˵ڹؼʱ̶ԳȺɾ޴ʯԤߡǲսʵʷٷڷսһǰͿʼΪ׼ˡս۶ǾξݺĽ1ŵĳǽսκο뵽ıڣ˿ֵܳʱ䣬һƵȺۼٶȣ̲֮סֵʱЩʷٷҷݹģԲŻкޱȾ׼Ĵ֧ԮǳȺÿһĹƶסˡ
ǰͺķ̫ճǵµʱҪӺ󣬿ǰס˵Ĺƣôսƻʧܣ
ʷٷޱ侲վռָ̨ȫʱվԤߡ漸ȫǺ
š֪ˡŮ׳ĬƬ̣վ΢ЦȥǱ߿߾ͽˡ
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Ħ̩Ϸ羰ĵط֮һʵʷٷһֱڲȸ١
ʺ纣ԴΪḻģɺʢŸζޱȵĺ࣬Ϊشں½ڵĽ㴦żһЩЧӦʱᷢɫ΢⣬ʺ纣ɴ˶ġ
Ĳһ𣿡ĳϣвʵΪ鲻˵ôõĻᣬôˣ
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ڵټֵ߱һʱ䣬ͿԳΪķʦ֮پ߱е
ʷٷطһԱߵ֮Ů
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֮Ů˵΢ҲӵʮֵӣҲŲӵʮֵʦ֮ɵעںʷٷϾ߱Ѿһٵ㣬е黹Ҫǿټ»õ˵ʷٷҺױԻ÷ʸ˵ǧѷĻᣬʷٷѡվԿ֮ǣҲΪ˷ġ
ûȤʷٷһֻõݵ櫵ߣҪ˵Ļ

㵱ɵ
͵ƬˣҲĦ̩תת춼ôԼ棬˲
ҵ;ǳ󺣣



002 
кôҲл
ôǳΪӵִƷʵдȵߣһģƽʱֻҪ뿪Ҳûһ취ҲԶ׼ģı屻ڣƽʱǺ뿪ģҪȥֻûٵķʽҵڶ඼񣬱ܵľԣͽ̻̫˥ĻҲǻ˥ġ
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ж齨һ֧ȫӵ߾ӣ
ԭǵk÷ǳ㷺ͽ洫ְҵһѣŵʱ̻ӰȥҲΪλṩǿ
ҪȻһŷƹôļҵף
۵̵ĻʷٷӵĦ̩磬Ҳλס׵϶١ְĻȴʮǧ˵ħְȲְ෴ħְϿְܱƻΪħǿһܶڶõ綼ԭʼħϵġֻҪԼǺģκθħصְǷʦְħְ΢ʲôܳϵkǣҪ±꼰ҲǾ飬ħ֮ǶԪ顣
Ϊʦϸħ֮Ǵڶġ
ʷٷ֪ħְ߰˸صְ˵ʦԤԡȵҲ˲顣
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ְҵʦܸģʷٷҼʦѧ棬Ħ̩ʦΣյһ֣
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ʷٷҿδ棬ȫǸָĺʦѹЩʦøʰ̯ӡ
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߰ɡҴȥһߡ
˵꣬ʱƬ޴ĺƼĽȺȥ
طƺܣǰʱ鶼Ը˵ʷٷһ·Ϻشܣע𽥱ǰޱȺΰ޴ļ



008 
ʷٷҸоԼһƬµΧڡ
ָоͺԼԪλڽӽյĵطʷٷȴܵڲϵӣϵһ屶ȻѸʮʮһٱһǧ⸽ȶһǧңڵʶоһ˿ѹͨ˵ĻǿѾˣһ̶ȵܶԿֿµǰо˸ӿֲ
ǾǿߡʱָԶһҰķ·κιӵкħӰ
kƽʱŦʱ֮
֪ǿĴ֮һkʱŦһڵĶԪ棬ֻһһڰʱҲķˣʱ֮ʧȺʱӹطʱ֮İѰЩʵػߡ
߱ǵkˡ
ʱ֮
ʷٷҵıеţ૵ʧˣûȥѰҵkĴôƾʧ
ȥҹʱҡͷ̾ϢұԪҲûٷֵkټΪѰҵkҵĸðսʱ֮ӣڿԴĹȥδ
ǡ
꣬ûκεջ񡣡
һֱҵһлǵĵطǷʱտ̺һСӡǣûκε
ֻһصĿռ䡣
ӵλĴţԼһλŮʿûҵġ
ǣ
ӡǳǣ
ʹŮʿ
ʷٷҵļ棬ֻһطӵλĴţ߰ᴩʱǰλӡǳǵ
ǸʱŦĳϵ
ǻǸʹŮʿƺ飿ܾԼ磿
ƺʱŦػҲ飿
ʲôϵ
ˣ
ʷٷҼǵûǾһͷʱ߰Ļܡ
ʱһμǰͷʱʱǲ뵽ӡǳǵһͷʱΪͷʱƺǸ߰
ʷٷҵɻ󣬿ߵʱƺԴ˲̸תƻҪ׿ߣҪڲʱŦΣյĵط
Σյĵط
ʷٷұĿſԼĸ֪һɫҰף·ܵ˾һ
⣡ŵĶʲôʷٷ૵
һ˲ĸ֪ܵޱȿֲĶ⣬Լʹ˻𰧺ҽУһʬɽѪĩջ󼸺С
Ϲ񡢷顢ʬϵŤ
ʱЩ޷𣬻¸Ĺ
ǽkǹؽ
߻Ὣkѹ棬ԶҲӲȥ
ʱƺҲԸ⿿ڴԺץ޷Ϲ񣬿ԽkĿߡ
ˡ
ػ߲ͬƺӵһЩϹ
ɣ
ԣ

֮úɣ
Դͷ
ʷٷȻûз񣬿ȴо֮ͬʱ֮ĳϵ֪ڿ׷ѰԴͷҲڻԼһʱŦ
ǱǴͼݡ
ʱ֮һЩ鼮Ȼ඼ʱʱһġ
ƺ׷Ѱǰĵ·
ڴͼݵĵռ԰۹鼮˵һλػ߱԰۹ϧˡ
ʷٷԳĬ
ʱŦԸϹĵˣôػߵ䲢˸е⣬Ϊʷٷܹսʤ֮ǽ̫˵ûЩ˵İҲûжٵʤ㡣
ػߴ
ǹ۲ߴ
ͨʱŦϲ㣬ҲڳԣΪΣա
ʷٷҿǰһеĽݣʵʱŦϲʲô
ʱе
ǿ߲
ֹ߲һ
ʷٷǸߴԼĿֲѹʱŦĵ̸е־ȣ
أʷٷתһȦûпκˡ
ʱʷٷһ޴ĹţҡͷûԸʱŦֻһ㣬ػûĻһԼ磬һֶڻγǡ
ɡ
ͨγǡ
ʱӰһѧߣʷٷҽڡ
ʱŦһޱѹֵϢ̶ܴȶǴӼǱɢģʷٷҲԸΪɲһȺϹھӡ



009 ػ
γǡ
ʷٷҵһصĳʱΪԼӡǳǡ
ʷٷҳ߰ᣬֻа۹ʱڵʩǲŻƵǰӡǳǣ߰ʩֻڻĶйӡǳǵ֪ʶӡǳǱΪǡ֮ǵȵȣһӵŵĳУ֪ͨκελ档ӡǳǶԪĵط֮һµϹȻǶ˿ðӡǳǵľסʹŮʿ
û֪λŮʿҲκε飬ֻεӡǳǵķΧڡ
λŮʿƺ顣
ûҽӡǳڣǽȥҲᱻʹŮʿϳǹҲû˿İ취
κ˽ԼĤݣôɵļһﶼƤˡ
ڽǰĻγǺʷٷҲΪԼӡǳǣΪ΢΢ĴţԼŸַɫò̶ӡӡǳǾ򣬿ԽκаֻҪӡǳǵĹ򡣶ʷٷҲ಻ͬӪ˵ħʹȻɯĹŴʹǹʱԺİʹ˫ȻѺãҲûе
γȻԼĹ򣬶ĳЩǿޱȵ֤˱ֹ
е⡣
һ֣ͨɫлư׺ɫһǹŴ֣ǵķɫһֽɫɫڻѪ֣ɫǹŴѪͳ˵ǹʱ̩̹
ЩƽֵĵλȽϸߣǳ֣ʵǿڹʱǸͨʹһײġ
ʷٷҳֵλС
ʱŦĴ͵һյĸϣλÿԸУͺһβӵԲеһƬյشпźһճǣǸճǣһڰλĳУӦÿ˵һλˡ
Ŵ˿ڡ
ʷٷҿ̶ӣȻҪľӶ࣬Ϊкĺðվ壬ǵ;Լϲðһ㡣֮⣬ʷٷһ˰̶ӡ̶ӡħ̶ӡԪ̶Լϲλʹ̶ӡǼӡǳǰľˣΪӡǳǱһԪڵóģܶλ޷õĲ϶ԳȥӡǳѰҡ
γһóתվʱƽȻҲܰռһЩõ鱨
Ĵھͨǽ̶ӷֵġ
Ǹǽˡ
ʷٷ뵽ԼǸǽˣһѪĻƽ֣ʵǿӵյ
Ҵȥһػߡʱַʷٷҵļϣ˱˲ʧԭء
һֺĹڡ
ʷٷҼ˸γǵػߣееǶԷ塣
һλ̰ħ
ӿһɽӵͷŻޱȵĳָۣϲ಻ٴʮöָɢ˸еѹֵϢһλźɫĶʹƺ̴ӡ
ͺաɽӵͷûͨòʷٷҲ޷͸ıĿֻܸܵħϢʷٷҿһ۵λµػߣ
ǵġʱͷ
Էʵǿ󣬵ʷٷҲ飬Ϊ˫ս࣬ĸճǻĦ̩硣
áʮ䡣ɽӵͷܿ
ʷٷ΢΢ͷӦʷٷҡ
ħ˼ʮ䵱ȻʷٷҲɨһ۶ԷָʮöָЩǷǳǿʱػ߶ʱλļǿߣ˴˲û¼Ļ֣˫ĵλǶԵȣʱ޷ǿǡʱŦ֯ṹɢ͸һƽʱɸ飬ǳ˾޴Σƽʱ֡
λǵҪ𣿡ʮϼбı仯ǰʱʵЩǱ²λ˸ңһµĴս


ʷٷһ˼ı顣
˿ʱѧƺһ˿ΣѾȰ˵λ¡Ѿ֤ⳡսᲨ̫硣ͬĿģǴһЩЭ顣
ʼʱŦĿĿɲһ
ʮԱüͷҲǵkĶ𣿡
ǰʱͻȻĬ
˫ĽӴôѺãʱпѾλ¶֡


010 
ѶԸġ
ʱȰ˵ǶҲǶ֣ȻûռκεıˣͲЭԷһЩЭ顣
ʮüͷ˼ŵλҰĺܴ󣡡
k²λ֧ԽԽǿǲԼkĻkпܻɱȰոӿµ飡
ʱʱͻȻ̫ڵġ
ҸλӴ侲ǣûʧƺӵԤ֪δ֪նħĴڣԤҵĵ
֪ʱŦĴڣҲ֪ǵְ𡣡
ʱŦһֱŶԣҲǿи顣
ʮ̧ͷ
ǵġʱҡͷѾԼλڱ֧ģֻܾⳡƽٲ̫λ档
ҴĿǰλһֱǶԪĺƶ֮һ
ֻҪλ棬˿ʮ౶˿ڱǺ񶼸վͬһߣһЩƺҲͬĹ۵㣬ȻҪֳһʤ
ⳡֻ顣
ʷٷеƶǶо˿еӦþ櫵ĸףλǿס׸¡
һλޱӡȻܲ򵥣
ʷٷҴлȥһλ˵е£Ͼʥߺƽʱ顣
繷ߡ
һޱȷޱȻҵʱܹǸʱ˶򵥡
ðɡʮЭϣⲻһƽ١
ӻ֮굽ɪʱ䣬ٵ۹ĻΪӦЩ鷳Ѿʧ̫
ϣЩ鲻Ҫٸˡ
ʱŦճҪӦϹ񣬵ҪʲôĻҲָһ¡ʵ̫ǿˣػʱҲѧЭʱη飬ҲһùԷ
飬ԪҲֻʱŦŸȥֹһ¡
뿪ΰĹʱͺռ򵥸ʷٷҽһľ
˵
һؾȻԱ߻мɿ飬һŻˮûɵ˱øǿһ㡣Ǹɵסףؾɵ֮˫ǼΪ˼̵ĴڣΪ˵Ȱ˵ҡ˫ʥߺƽʱջΪϵĳͻߵ˶棬֮԰е⣬۹ʱ綼˾޴ޱȵѣһλϵ黹ΪȱȻˡ
ʷٷҵ˽ⲻࡣ
֪۹ʱڵĺԴʲô϶ǽԪؾ۱Ҳ˵۹Ȼ͸ʷٷͷŹӲࡣ
ֻͨȫ޷ġ
ǸʱҪ⣬Ϊ綼һɵĳ
һλķʽ˱ĴȻҲǸʱʼ֮ڵĹ֮ͬʱڰӡؾɵྭ۹ѣΪʱλǻѾƵ鶼üΪȳ˯
ڷͽһ
kǾԲԸپһ飬һֱΪӦñһȫΧڣ˲Ӧա
ΪҰġ
۹Ļ͸ͼȾָȨйأȻ۹ˣҲܵش˵ܾ˵ĽѾǵһˣɪʱĻҲһӣ˿ħŮȴ޷ǹӴޱȵԭرըֱӵһճǴ׹䣬ⳡѵʹǧʱ䡣
ʷٷҴʱʱΡ
Ϊ˫иԵɣסƽֹ֧۵ģǹ֮kҲûдѾˣһο˭ܲ
ʱŦԴҲͷۡ
λӽΰΪϵĳͻȺػҲΪѡ
ʱŦĿֻһ
Ǿ޷ֹλ鶯ֵĻͱ뱣֤˫Ķһȫ߷ΧڣĻ⽫һλĿºƽ٣
ʱʷٷҲӵʱŦĵһ
ǾʱϣδһʱڣΪ²λļߣǵĶֹκΰϵĴڲⳡĻǾԲ³ģkǵҲʵʵţаϵĴڶλ棬һֱ˫ֳʤ໥ЭΪֹ
Ȼ
ʷٷҲһ˼ô磬ʱػҲʷٷҪλ޵Ԩ
ϵĴһ硣
ʱȺһж



011 󵨵뷨
һλס
һλ֮
λ̣Ϊӣһ̾ԪδƵĴ壬ǣĶʵ̫ˡʱŦҲãҲã񶼱ƬϵǣѾһϵ֮ĶǾδƵĴ֮ʱȺԴҲͷۣ˵ӡǳǵλʱҲ˾ϵڲĿľǷֹ½ⳡĹģһ󻯡
λ֣ϵӣʱŦǲС
ǲҪֹλееκһλ̣÷ֹҰĵ顢ħʹȵȸ飬һֹ͵͵ס
ʷٷҵǷֹ׵ҡ
ʱŦһγ˴֣ʱҪЩ飬ʱػԸһƬλ棬ЩҪ׻߸ˡΪʷٷҵʵǿȻŸոռʱŦãȴǼ޵ԨƬ̫ڻңʵǿĴҲ̫ˣʱ׼һ֡
һͷոսڵʱ֡
һлûʽʼʷٷʱûнƬϵҪһҪȵʱȷ˫Ѿ̸
ڻγǴʱ䡣
ʮһ˼ʱػߣĳƺŸϵʮöָйأʷٷһʱ仹벻ʷλţƵĴʮöָġʱػߣʷٷʱûмţʱŦǺģһʮʱŻһʽ񡣾󲿷ֵʱػ߶ᶨʱŦڣʱסĳ֮ڲ㣬󲿷ʱػ߶Լ磬һһλ棬ҲĳĶλ档
ʷٷҵĴӪȻĦ̩硣
ڻγǴ˼㶯ϵĸճڲ
γһչĦ̩ˮƽԭסʦǴﵽǽеĳ̶ȡʮ¾һģܴؽţǽ̶Ӿʮֻκһʱػ߶һĴʮħ²λΪԼӰλ棬ʷٷҲҪĦ̩ΪģƬطǹȥ
ʮյȻǿǱȴȲʷٷҡ
ϾֱӸλ棬ӵڼƵ˿ڣǱһγҪֻܶ࣬չ΢еѡ
£ճǡ
ѾʼؽĦ̩Ǩƹ˿Ѿ˷أŮc̳λΪѾ봫ɮӵгʥͳϵδʱﶼõµλ⡣ʷٷ֮ǺϵħﳲѨѾһָӵĹݵ㣬ҪľһһոʧءĦ̩ðǽһϣĵطð߶ͨطһٳΪĹ塣
ʯİѾԼأֻѾħķǿµʱָܻʢʱڡ
άڳŴ½沽ƽ
ϣԼ֮أĿǰʲԶأ̬Ŀǰ⣬Ƕ֮Ҳôˡ
³취
ǵҪ˸ϾҪЩϹаȾأ޸µȻ齨Ȼȶ̬ƽ⡣ڿǵĿǰĻΪӣͨﶼ£廷ŴӴİ׶ࡤߺĪʦʦʷٷһǳ󵨵뷨
ռ̨ϡ
ʷٷ΢΢üͷעڳˡ
ŮסݶŮסԤߡߡɯĪʦʦ׶ࡤߡ찲ȵȵȡ
ʱഫǿǶۼɰ׶ࡤߺĪʦĴ뷨
ҾÿУŮȿڣȴ֧Լӵ顣
ݶŮҲͷƽԳԡ
᲻ΣգҪǱôɣϹаצȾǣʦü
ʧˡǾͽһƬԹ۲졣Ԥߡ
ա
еĿⶼ˳˼ʷٷϣƬ̺ԳԣĿǰܱߡ
׶ࡤԽĦ̩޸̬ƽ⣬滷̫ڶˣЩĦ̩ͨ޷ڸĪʦֺһ󵨵뷨
Ǿǽؾ̬԰ɹŴʦǸı磡
ʳݿʳԼؾΪǿĸֲֶ
ڵȻ⣬ȻΣտԪ֮ԶĦ̩磬Щصؾ൱ΪؾﶼԷЩѾȾĺڡ
һǳ󵨵ĳԣ
ɹµȻмĸƣʧµΣճ̶Ȼһͨ
ΪֻҰ൱Σ



012 
գʷٷİͬ󵨵뷨
ԪڵĿһԨԴģǵĴ߾˵ǿĿ֮ŷλ鲻ǺܳʵǿѾҵkټ϶ǻԾȴֵҲٻӦͽ˵ǸkһЩйϵʷٷҶ˽ⲻǺܶ࣬ҲЩǿ֪һЩءǿ֮ŷ𽥵˵ǿ϶ԭģλڻԾʱΣյ飬˵ÿֳΪһλ
ٲֵĿӵнӽǻۣϧϱȲʼ漶ĿҲУѪ
Ħ̩ĿҰ֡
ǲûнߵǻۣЩӵʼѪĴڻ϶Ծп֮ڵȴֵǵǺܶ࣬һû˭ҽĹȡʱѾȥˣλʵǿ࣬ˣϿЩӵе֪ϵģϵڲϣ࣬ΪߵȾĴʵǺǿϵȻ¶ʱ򲻶൫ǵҲǿ
壬Ѿ̨Ļֵ۹սǿʢһʱ䣬ҲȫܸᲢۡ
ʱ
ʱھֺͿֶ֮һʤȴˡȺ˵ȵȵǻ壬ǵȵֺϾûʲôˡʷٶ壬ڶ̶̼ǧʱͳΪλ֮һΪ־λ涼˷츲صı仯˵޵ԨĵħǾںϵģϲλҲͬܵĳ
弫ΪӣֹбаĻҲֹΰӢۡ
¾ûϵ˴Ǳ
ƻܿƶ
Ϊ˱ƣ廷׼ȽȽº͵ʳתƹԺٿԸȽϿ񱩵ʳ֡ƻθµսȼȻʳµ˻϶Ħ̩ǿ֮ӦЩ⡣ֳļƻҪ֣ɹĻ൱һ޴ؾջҲ൱˵ġ
ʦĶˡ
Ԥߡ˺ʷٷҵԱߣͷעı飬£
šʷٷҵ˵ͷйʱŦһиԵŮס
ڰûʲôģ˫Ĺϵֻ֮ǺѾ÷ǳι̣ʱŦҲ֪ĴڣǲûпⱣܵıҪʱػߵ׷Ҳ֪һЩ顣
Ԥߡһֱţʱʱ¶һ˿ȣܿƽ׼ô
ʱֻһԵļƻʷٷҽͷɳϣվıָذĦ̫Ѩʷٷر۾Ħ̩绹磬ǽе˻̫ˡ
Ҫ齨һǽ̶ӣҪ̫
ʱȵ͵չɡ
ְҵȼ25ûʲôǽεģĦ̩ʵ˲࣬ѻĻħˣ廷ά˶ʦϯԼʷٷߵԤߡ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ǻ뿪硣
˵ʵҪһ㣬Щʷٷָͷ˶̫Ҫǽ̶ӵ񲻵ô򵥣Ǹһֿߺֳߣĳ̶ֳ˵ֻǸģмֵǷһδصλ档Ϊγǵʮôǽ̶ӾΪ˸ʹħȵǻôʵһֱڰѰЩмֵǱû˵λ档
ǽ̽ߵʷٷĺܡ
ʱŦ֯ṹȽɢⲢű˴ûоʱĿʷٷ֪һأѾʧʱ֮йأʱȺƺдʱػѡһ˳̳ʱŦϲ
ǡ
ڻûκһʸУʷٷҺܺʱɳϲ㵽ʲôĺһֱСʷٷҵĹʱŦϲǸһģطûȥȥ浽ʲô
ԷɡʷٷվȻǣŰϸƵ
ԤߡϸһĨĺΣͷš
вҪλŮ׳ҹ̸



013 
һҹ޻
Ȼʷٷһ϶ûô˯ڶʱǸоͦˬġԴӾʿ츳ʷٷҵһֱȲڻʱѪǻ˱ըԵߵһĻʷٷڵѾܽӽŴʹɯˮƽȻʷٷǿ϶û޸ƵʹĻ룬֪Ҳòϡ
ԤߡƵϢ磬ʷٷҽһЩ򵥽׼Ħ̩
ʱҪ̫Ĺעˡ
ͨճǴͷٶľһжȶŷûзԼ׵ҰġһִҲ˲Żʶ׷ʷٷҵĲȷġΪʷٷҵİ֧֣Լ廷ѻŷڱӰܴ󣬿ľٶƺΪԼıһŮͷΣǽڹ׵λˡ
壬ΪܽСΪʷٷҵĵӾԲܻȥ̳һʲôŮͷΡ
˾ͻ׹ȨֵһᣬʷٷҵĻǲġ
ٶ񣬲˶Ըⷵ£˶Ħ̩Ļ⣬Щ˵˿ڣǴ緱Ϣɮ³ʦĴҲʼɢٶʵѾԶط
֮
ʷٷڴһЩٴμ֮Ů櫡
һμȣŮϵı仯ڣѾһȨͬΪλѾʼ൱ųĴڡŮѾٽλ棬Ҫ˶õʱֻûλˡ̫ǿˣλǵħĻkʱٶǳѣĦ̩ڽɱ䣬ųĻ֡
ʱŦ
һ½ĺΰڣʷٷҵĻ૵ҪʼҸ׺͹֮֮𣿡
ʷٷѾһֵϢ櫣ĿʵҲܼ򵥣Ǿǰסͨ˼ǴģҹලһҲǷ£ҾˮˮҸҲҸӣõʱҶʱŦ໥ģֻҪλײףҪµĸСֶεĻˮģʷٷҵҲǺܺ£Ƕ黯Ҳ顣
ֻҪǿϵĻû⣬Ͼʱİ
Ƭ֮
֮Ů櫿ʷٷҧ촽ˡ
һὫһи߸ס
ҵĸһֱעֻҪ˲ƻԲΥŵ
˼ֻҪ˲飬ͻᰴչˡ
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޵ԨĶħǣѾʼǰǲԼµĶħαװǱλ棬ΪڵľƻʣǱλĶħǶαװͨ˵ݷҲλ棬аħħ鶼ϲλʹҲʼ¶ټĻĴڶѾ



014 
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ʷٷɳѵõʱ⣬ԱǰһĺƤ鼮ĶܽС㣬ȹȥ˲٣Ůٶȶͦģ̳ŷױòСʱͺһСʹѾܹòܽСܸʦһʱ⣬Ϊ֪ʦƽʱǺæģܹʱǶôĲףʱʱ̧ͷߴ鱾תƵʷٷҵϣؿһµͷȥ
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ǺܶʶᱻһЩµķƷʦҪԼжϣȥѰҴ𰸡
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ΪĽȣʮʱ䣬ʷٷҾͻʱҪѪͷǳˣһпܵ
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ʷٷҾⳡսĲУȻ޵ԨƬ



015 ޵Ԩ
ԪҪɲͬľϵɡ
κ˵Խϵһѵ飬ʱҪԽϵҲҪСĴۡÿϵʱռ䶼ǲԵȵģԽϵΣյķʽǴʱ㼴ҲпʧСʷٷҰ;ǰ޵ԨףҪʱŦɳǺĪ̩绹һڰԨĵطӵ޵Ԩ73ڰ֮Ŀռѷ졣Ǿϵ֮໥صѺۣûһǼҵǵġ
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ڤһֱǰһֺ޴ĹǾ֮Ů櫵й
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ΪЩżпܽ㴫͵һδ֪Σյ磬һƬ֧Ĳƿռ䣬İλ档
ʷٷӵ櫵Ŀռ꣬ɹıܿһΣյţҵһƬڰĶռ䣬޵ԨĴţͨ޵Ԩ73ĺڰ֮һѺĵط
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ΪЩаķʶͼɣԨkһ֡
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ʷٷҵĿ޵ԨһԨƽԭסѾ޵Ԩͨλͨһ͵ɵĿܣҪ޵ԨЩ͵ɿ͡
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016 Ԩƽԭ
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޵ԨڰԨ֮ͬĸһ־޴ޱȵӵнӽʵԸ֪ʷٷҵĴڣųκ˿ѪءǵĴڶħѪصķΧǵأڻ޵ԨڻһǾǶħǺѶͼ֣ȡǵѶȸڤ͵ȡǲġ֮ĸԨѪصļӳ¿׵һͷλħʷٷϸܵһ˿
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޵ԨСĽ׶ʹûƽ鱦ΪǴĽȫ㡣
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ɱȡ꣬һ׬Ǯ
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ʷٷҵһվǶĶħǺɫ£һǿޱȵħʿ
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ɱ޵ԨȫϷΪֻûбά֣ôİɱͲڣóȻ޵ԨðǵʬǾͱڵĹѨڡ
ﻹһЩӰǱڵĹѨ
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СɢŵĸζѪζš֨֨һֻƤѾóŧˮ̽ͷʷٷҵϣ͵͵˼룬ɺͫһ΢⣬űֱըѱһ⡣
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ʷٷֱһգǰȸ˹ħͱһţȻֱ̧һ˲Ĵ

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ʷٷҵһ˲両ʮɫķۣ֮Щķ֮ſ˫ʷٷֱ˲ʱ侲ֹסܵĿռ䣬ǰ׿˾ȴǶڵ֩˿
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ֹʱѣһµĴڽ־׿˾ϡ



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׿顣
а޵ԨֻһԭǾ֩˿İš֩˿Ӿ󲿷ֵԣΪﶼӵȵͼģת׿ʱ֩Եħ츳׿鵱еŮӵиõֻŮ׿Ϊļ˾׿ڲλߵľŮ˾ӵֱ֩͵
Ҫʷٷһ׿飬ƻỳɵ֩ϣǰֵһŮ׿飬һŮԼ˾ɫһ˲ͻ֩ǲǰԼͽϡ
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ǧδй֩ٵ׿ϵļ¼λ֩Ȼսթ񶾣µķʽԼϲù켣ѭ
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ֹܱĿռ𽥻ָǰ׿Ů˾Ѹٵطű仯ϰޱɫ˿׺ĺɫۣΪֹʷٷΪչ¶˳֩˿ע߸ϣݳһָ˼һаŮԼϸλãһֻ޴ޱȵĺɫ̬֩˸ɫ֩볤֮Уܵռ䶼ƴһѹֵľ޴֩С


ɨ赽δ֪ɨ赽ɱҡڰ֩롢аȵ


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߰ؾ¼۹սһֱ֩ļ󡣲Ҵİʦǳʹ֩ıɱΪǺʧˡ
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֮˺̶ܴΪԼ棬Ϊ֩Ϊǿ׿һսթаǻǸŰɱı׿棬ͬˮԷ顣
͵ǧ׿Ἰûκεĸıͽ̵Ů˾ͳһУ˿ڼΪɱ¾̫׿屻ͣս˿ڡΪһеĳɹ֩ȴԽԽǿ
ΪЩ׿鶼ڵߺ֡
׿ܳĻ֩ҪڲһأΪͳϵͺý
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ʷٷޱҡҡͷʱŦ
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뻯顢뻯ħ׿ߵȵȡ
һ֧ǿаľӱ֩ԼĹٻ˳˿Կ֩Ϊﱻһ޴š
λаͽļףЩ׸֩ɱľ궼ᱻŤɸָĹ˿ŹԼͽתΪߣͬʱӶ˵תūǱɸָŤĹ
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ΪԴӶԿ֮ǺʷٷµĿ¾˺սˣ



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׿ᶼԺܲѺã˼ʦԻõλ׿鶼ǿĵڻҡ
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Щﶼ֩˿ģҲڵԭס񣬴ϾͿԿλаŮѾŤʲôĳ̶ȡ
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ǰѹѹһƬĹʷٷҵͻȻһֻɫĽۣŷ֮۲ϵƴװ飬һһط֮۳󣬴˿̵ʷٷҿͺһǧĿ֮񣬴ķ֮עǰĹͻȻɫĹâҫڣһǧ
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ʷٷķ֮ȻȲճʩչɢ䱥ʹͬ֩ٻľҲû֮ǵצôֲޱȵǽ֮۽ֵɢ䱥ʹǰѹѹһƬĹǾͱ˴룬ʣѹͲҿʷٷҵߡ

ŸɫķͻȻֶ֩壬ߴԭأɫ̴֩Ѫ֮¶һƬ˼ı顣
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֩˿̬ͨսһ־ʼĺڹѸ̬ڶ־ǰ׿̬
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λаŮɢϵʼֻ΢ļȻļ˽ӽеļѾǷܹٵļˣҪͱѪֱ֩ӱ彵١


ɨ赽δ֪ռ併١λӻ
ԭһеպͻȻһ磬һźڰ𡢶䡢а磬֩ͶӰһħԨoȡƬռڣʷٷһжǹģĴСԳƣʵĻŤռĲ汻۵еһжһаĹľ㤵ĲЭϢ
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ֻʷٷ׵ķΧһжģԵشĿռѺۣʷٷҴİλ֩صĵط
ȻҲ˿ռķ򡣡֩ǰĵ˵Ϊһʦò˵ܳɫһϹ
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ҪһڽʷٷԼڲֻҪʷٷԼڣʱ鱾ôŰԷԡ
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Ϊһǳǿꡣ
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ʷٷվԭһһſһʱ֮Ϣǰ֩ϡ
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Ѫͳʷٷҵкܶ࣬Ҫļֱǿ֮ۼס֮֮ʺ֮ϢǿЧȽһ㣬ΪʷٷұĿԾͺ֮ۼ׸ǿϳʱۼжǿķʷٷҵƤжǿķ֮ṩʡļӳ֣ҪĻʣĿǰûʲôṩֵӳ֣ΪǺ
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ǿϢ£ʷٷĿǰӵֲͬϢЧ
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ڶϢǷʱ䣬³κλʱϢֱӽ˶ʱ֮⣬ȫʧ޷жֱĴڱʱ²Ҳ˵ڲ֮δ̶ԷĴڿ˵ǳʧˡ
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Ŀǰ׶ʷٷ޷̫֩õʱ䣬Żʮδ±ʱ䲶׽صԭĵط
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һǿʩ˵Ѿܹ̫ˡ
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ھ˴ʩߵļǵóһۣǾǱʮϵķſԴܣвЩ߸ϵĴڡ
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ʷٷǿҲ˲ʩĹоհɱְ֩ɵܶˡ
ҪһǿޱȵĿ
ǡǡʱѪʱһȫĨ֩Ĵڣʱ֮⣬һֱʮδű²׽ԭء
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ʱʷٷޱ飬·ûһУֻҪ֩ı岻֣黯һ㶼µģҪǱִ·£ӵʱѪ˭ס
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023 ս壩
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ʷٷŽӴһöԾܿԺб㸡һ̫ܹϸĻ档
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վһ裬ֳһࡢ¹ҫۼɫĳ裬ΪҡҷλŮı͸һ˿ԥͰˣ·עʲô
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İŮ˿һλӪ飬ı赸ŮʿסλǾħְǸ赸Ժ¹⣬һλǳǿ飬λҲ൱ΣΪ֩˿ŮǱȴһ㶼а෴˵൱ʱһֱǸԼĸԣҾ󲿷ֵʱǸʤ١
λŮȻ׿飬ǾĸйҲ̫á
ɱλŮԼĸףҲ֩УҾҲû̫ڰ֩˿ɱİŮ˿ȡҲһ˽ΪǿİŮ˿׿ϵȫ֩ƿˡ
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ҪΪͽһСԡʽʽÿڶٻһΣʦͽɱΣյĹҰޡһͽԴ׻ߣİŮ˿ʦһ˿ңֻЯһѽĳ̶ֳ˵λŮһλ尮ߣܶʱһ˿ҵģͽʦҲ̳һ㣬һ㲢ľϵͬ
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İŮ˿ְǿ֩ɱ̶ܴΪͳһ׿飬ڲַԵʷٷҽЩɢ֮ռܿԺбһʵıĻֵĳŮ
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޲û֩˿ȫʧȥǡ
෴һѵľأǾ黯ĻȫǸʷٷ;飬ٵĻּȺԼĵǻᰵϵڣֻҪʵʵشԼڼǺѱɱģֻ֮һɱķգ֩˿ҲȥԡĻּʷٷûκεİ취޵ŭʾ֭˼αһʷٷҵı
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˵޵Ԩǿڳ֡
޵ԨطȱľǿĶħа֩˿ȻãǰȴɸٵĶħаϵҪܹеһֶʷٷҳֵĻҲпӵ֮
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Ѿ޵ԨĴͳڶתƵ긽
ЩҪڤ͵ɵĴڣ˶Զ͵㸽Ŀռꡣ



024 
İŮ˿һЩϢ
ʷٷҴһºоλŮеԩΪ˶еУ˵һͷβıڿϲƬκҲֻΪλŮеϧϾʷٷҲһ˯ߣ߿ܻе㹲ͬԵġ
ȴʱǷǳĵġ
Ϊʱػ߲λ飬ʷٷֻҵʱ䡣
˵һȥ䡣
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ʷٷҴԼϳȡһֵķۣ֮ԭزһâǷ󣬰ħӿڷһȫһģһʷٷҡ˴ʱľҲֳݣһԼϣһԼķָоͺһڿ̨жʩֻܹٿеһʷٷҷĶ൱ף廹޵Ԩ㣬ʩչλ档
ʷٷҵǰʵѾָ˲٣Ļӵбӽɵ൱25-27ʩߡ
Ȼսȼ϶30+ϾʷٷǻҲô׶ԸģĻĻ𣬸ʵûôǿҲ޷עԵǱ˻ɱҲûʲôʧ
ҪǸעԵĻ϶ǻвСķɡ
ڴһʷٷҾͿ˳ĿСˡһͷ⣬Ѿͨλϵλ档Ÿոսλ棬ʷٷҾ͸оһųΪλ淨Լųԣпλʵޣ̫ǿĴڻᱻų⵽ǽա͵ĵ漴ģ̧ͷһƺǽһƬ˵ĺܿƽ˾ҲûκεĴֻ
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ʷٷҽ߰˴ΣҵһƬ½أȷе˵һ޴ĵ졣
ǺȺ𣿡
ĵȻһС˺ʷٷҺ֪ܿϢǺȺĦǣס׵ĴӪһΪٸĵĳУҲֳʱó׵ĵ㡣ƬѾӪʱ䣬˵˳ϵͨ˶ķͽЩƸŮʿҲͬڿͷһ¡˿ڣڵǰֳʱѾһ޴ޱȵĳˡ
еͷͣǧҵ̴żԿ̻ĸͧ죬ӴԴʷٷҸоĦǿԷ֡
оص˰۹ʱ
ʷٷҺشЩͧĦǵĵ·Ϊߵһŵħ·ƣ˶ǳò߲ûʲô裬ζųеΰ൱áзǳɾ˵ҪճʷٷΪ紫˵΢е顣еҪ˿ǰ뾫飬Ѫ඼ûǶ࣬һ·߹ȥľ϶ͦÿҲЩ
ֺ׳۵Ľξũҵ̷ũҵŮ񣬴֮ĸŮλũҵŮӹĸ״󲿷ְֵ
޴Ĺ㳡һǲƸȻŽ̻Ի͵ҪСһЩ
λѻ治١ʷٷұĿ֪һµ磬еΪһģҪ˵ûһʷٷôš
ƹ۵½սйء
Ȼսٽͨ˶ûʲôֻţƺս𻹲ûвȺʷٷһһȪƣһ߾ЩǸ̸ۣһ߽Լעתص˱塣
޵Ԩ
ʷٷҿŻλйʱڶҪ޵Ԩܳȥİǿ߳ˡ
һ޴Ŵ۹ĹС
ĸۣ֮
൱Ƣ꣬ڷִûнλĵ磬Ǳ͵һƬк̱ǳǰʷٷҷ˹
һǿϮ
Ȼڿʷٷǰʱƾյʧˡ
ħ
޵Ԩ㡾ԨĴĸҲħǴӲϵĶ𣿡ʷٷұƽעǰĹֱ̧һ֮ǵħۻֹǴ޵Ԩĵ㣬һħҲٽĲ档
ǰͷĸ֮ħĸã൱һᡣ
ѽ⣡
֮գ
ʷٷҸħļֵƫ̫󣬾ûУֱӳֱǽǰĳĸ֮۴ð
ĸ֮ħȺͳߣ൱ĹūħȻʵǿԸ巴޳ֹλѿƽʱҲħĸ޵Ԩĵϡ
ħĸƺǶԼòģֻһ׳Ͷʯ·ӣΪʷٷҸɵǰĳĸ֮Ҳûо쵽ħĸĽ١
ҪôԼܳ飬ҪôǱ׳ûл顣
ʣħĸöӡ
ʷٷһֽĸ֮۵ʬŽɢļöԾռʵ൱ˮɵ͵ֵ޵ԨҲֻһεȶħˮƽҪļһʷٷֽעת˻ιλĺȺ



025 ״
ͳ޵ԨħĸŴã˵Ͱ±˹ħħ˹ħа彻䣬˵ħĸɵԷ޵ԨλרԼúʷٷҸɵĳĸ֮һЩֵĶħ٣Ҳĳķǻ壬һ߿ԼĻ۲ƹڵˣһ߶ֽͷĸ֮۽ʳһѵ
һѡֻ֪ʲôʱŻ֣ʷٷҸɴ̨˴ţ
ƹݵϰһ󸹱׳ڸ˴Լȣ˵ǲμӹʥߺƽս۵Ҵߣָɵһħŵ׸һ·ӺȺϷҶǵսۺѡǰһ״ĵطΪۼ̫ԭ׼ڰ״һͨ˵ģû뵽ʱͳŰ״ɫشİɾȻ
ǣǸڰﳹ׵ıˡ
ȵ״ĹٷԱϵʱڰľѾ˸ǹƥɱøɸɾƹϰҪһͨ˵뷨϶ˣ״Ļձ࣬ΪһٷִߣΪͳαӳǵĳ
ƹϰĭɵĴԼϵҫԱߵһЦ
ڻԻ͵ļҲ˥ʱ򣬲һʱ䣬ƹϰļ𽥵˥ˣ񲻵òصĦǣ洫ļٽֵ̿ƹݹӡ
ʥߺƽ١
ʷٷ˴ʥߺƽʱڵĹ£ЩǸޱȵʱֻôļأ
ǸʱĴǿ߼ֱǶʤıҲʥ̬ٷ䡣
ƹĹĻǸסйأΪλڲλ󲿷ֵĴսۣͬʱԺң˴ɫʡʷٷҹԼʥߺƽҲûλ׸ôصɱĿӦȶ˵ѹλ׸ְִʷٷҴЩ淢ֱӻ߼λе˿Ѿϰ֮
벻櫵ĸ׾ȻɱôأʷٷĪеѹ
뿪ĦǺʷٷһ·ͿԽ˴󺣣һߵĵطߵǱ漸ߣ෴һǳٵĸۿڳСȻҪĦǲ࣬˿Ҳֻʮ˵ӡӶߵϿͽϺ½пҪ࣬ԣ̶ҲҪһأҲǸĦ̩ı޼һˮƽ
ʷٷҽ½͸оԼֳʱ˳ǰ˺ڰʱ
ЩŴ̷֮Ｘʲô𹤳ǳһƬһƬ಻ΪũҵŮ̻ĹϵλũˮƽǲģʳϵĻ£˿һűԵʷٷҿЩײͨеľı飬滹ǶԺȺһиͬһ㡣½еľܽĳ̶ȵ£汲ũ˼ûʲô;
֪ȴϣ֮ʦǻֻҪرţôͿԽ֮ĹȣԡʥĹУڻ͡
ʷٷҷһ˼
Ǿ׵ʦộһĬε߶һʦ֮ʦ򾭳ܳȥ̣ЩͽȵȵÿݻҪǰ
ʷٷеΪʲô̵񷴶λͽ顣
Ϸһ·űȥʷٷҺܿٶȸܵ˿˼룬ԾգϢڱǱѩŮǿĹǰ״״ĻҺѧǣŴȤȺȣķΧҪһ㣬ķΧڣϽֿƵţɵϢ
һ򵥵˵
ĦǱʷٷŮʿẬעϷʷٷŮʿẦߵĴڰ״Ĵ棬ʷٷұЩŮʿǺޱţңңһķǡ
״ŮѾŮͳ˽ǧĹȷʵе㲻һ
ѩŮٲλһУĽ̻ҲȽϰʢޱȵĶռ⣬ƽʱûʲôر䡣λŮ׵ļᶨѣҲǸĸм״ĦǵԼѾάʱ䡣
ѻ治١
kԹ֮ҲûռϷ硣
Ҳ֪λʤΣ
֮ĳ൱򵥣kԶʱ̫񣬵ʱǿĹ֮һ̫תΪ˳֮⣬֮ĸһֱܵĹϵڵũҵŮǵkŮ۹ʱλ涼⵽شһճ׹ıըյĳѾһĩհľ档ں֮ǰȻϵ֮ķʽֳ֮磬Щڱյĳմء
ҲǼ֮󣬳֮Ĺ֮
˵Ļλ񲻹ʵǳɾͶ޼϶һƬ췭ظ



026 
״бѩŮţڿʹλúʷٷһо΢
пģѩŮǰ״д˵λ˵ִƶĳλŮתԾʥߺƽʱڣǺϼ¶棬黯ҲѼе鶼ϲλܣʱ棬¶λ黯ֱǡڤ·ˡ͡è֮Ů񡯣λǺǿ飬ǰϵһ˵лèŮֵ̬΢飬һλõ飬ΪҴ̼ϲܳĶλŮְͰˡè͡赸Լԡ
èо
ʷٷҾͺͨοһڰ״ڡ
ʱԱߵСȪͻȻһλŮԴԵ·ӵжصħ鲻Խ˽ȥԾ˵Ļ
Ҫ氮
Ǵڱ棬Ƿ˵ĵġҪŰʥ氮սʤ
ŮҲӦӵ׷氮ҸȨ
ϵˣȥô㽫ðףһ氮ήٵǰ
ӦЩ֧Щˡ
˵Щΰǡ
ĿԴȪֻ׷һУҸ
˵һλŻɫŮԣͲ󣬴Ƕʮӣò˵һϷŮԵģӵа״صŮ顣ǰһŻɫɫŮӵĻռǡĻռرñϣΪֻа֮ԼòΪռʹáսŵİ״ӣ̻ᾭңͬʱᳫŮӦûӦȨ
̬кܶ෽ɵġ
ϷǱɣŮԵλȽϵ£״еĸĸɣᳫŮӵиĵλ׿ŮϵĸϵᣬٲֵҲʢС
ȺеʷٷԵΪĿ
λﰮĺ췢Ůʿ߲ϣŲһ̬ҡҷߵʷٷҵǰλ氮𣿡
ʷٷұ鲻һ£ЦЦԼһС
ҪĴ𰸡
췢Ůʿ΢еʧΪʷٷҵǲʱĻ¿һܻӭġҲԼ氮
췢ŮʿĻܵЩԲ¶һ˿Ľʵı顣
ɢ궼еתλŮӻ氮ЩѾ鵫ҪѰɡ氮ŮʿһЩۻᣬѻĹŮʿĵزμӡλŮͽŮԱҪӽһ룬һܻһ㣬Ůռݾƣڰ״ܶԶԽӵΪ١
ʱһȥġʷٷ΢Ц
ƹְȻ൱ʷٷҲŻ᲻ԾʦλŮûʲôΣյ֣ȻǿҲֻĽɫΨһյսְǱֲô׸֮Ľûʲô飬ĵǸϵİͽֻдΪİҪһ㣬Ľ΢е⡣
ϵЩɵŮǱ̳أɵЩŮ൱ΣգʷٷҲôǴ򽻵
췢ŮʿƺʷٷĽ壬ʷٷѾԥ뿪ˡ
Ц
ôŮƽʱֵͦģôܻȥ˷ʱ䡣
ںڰԨʷٷҵһŵħֵطһȤûСô˵ģʷٷڹһȦ󣬲Ծһɫǰͣ˽ŲΪܵһ˿Ϣ
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ʷٷԥҪҪȥʱͻȻ洫һèУһλĵŮʿһֻİè˳
ڿʷٷҺҲһ£ܵĿռ񶼱ˡ
˭λĵŮʿ
һλ·ˡʷٷԴŶԷͷӰɫĳԷͷɫǰĻӰ߳ĴģӦҲǰϵһԱʷٷ̽Եʵè֮Ůʿ
ϵϲܣԴӰӺҹŮȹһκλŮʿ;סڰ
˵Ůʿıӽˣ㵽˭
˲һϳң



027 è֮Ůʿ
ǰλè֮ŮʿҲһλ
ºϵһԱèػŮɪʱºϵֹϵǻʱոĻսݣè֮ŮʿʱġºϵƬϵȫû黯ҲøɸɾˮΪè뻶Ů񣬺ְ壬йٵĻ䣬赸ͻè
˵λŮ񱣬ϲλΡ
ϧתڰĶ件䣬һܵ˺ҹŮĿƣ㶼ˡè֮ŮʿǱˣԺͱ˰ļᶨѡλ鲻ôںԼĽ̻ᣬڷ˵ҲǺܹģһֱ΢飬һֱҲûèоɡ˵һλҲһİãǳϲλΣǰᵽڤ·ˣǲ֪ģλèŮʿҲһϲˡ
Ҳ֪λʲôϵ
⡣
𽥵ıý
è֮Ůʿʷٷұֵúܾ裬ҲһԺèצƺʱпܷλ鲢Ǻǿ󣬵ô˵Ҳһλ΢黯ҲǲӵģĿǰʷٷҵֻ߳ɵʤ㡣
ðɡ
ʷٷҿǰԾԾԵè֮Ůʿ̾һ𽥸һöʱ֮ɳĻռǣ𽥱è뻶Ů˿
ʱŦػߣ
ʽ֪ͨ㣬ʱŦǩԼĵʱǲܽλġ
ѾΥԼ
Ȩгͽ䣬ڼ𡢻ɱ
˵ʷٷҵıԽԽ࣬ܵһӺ̰˸оѹ֣ɱܵĿռ䡣
ǰè֮ŮʿʷٷҵĻ𽥵ˣΪԼ˲ĵˣȴû뵽ԼȻװִߣһڰԼʱ񱷢Ϸܿսǰ״һƽĵط͵͵Ļٵ״׼ߴһĵʱ⡣ˣ඼֪Ϊˮ֮ڻһӡ
è뻶Ů˿ı𽥴ͣǰľеǳΪһȻ֪Ӧδ

è֮ŮʿԼǸǰʱŦִߴһܻʱʷٷҵĻͻȻһ䣬ЦǺǵҵĹϽΧ޵Ԩˮ֮򣬸ҵĹϽڡ
ֻҪ㲻׺͹֮֮飬Ҹǲ鷳ġ
Ȼ
ҪǴʲôͲһˡ
ʱŦԼʷٷҲҲܽλģ͵͵ΣִҲá
ġè֮ŮʿƺǶס쳣Ŀ־壬ʷٷᵽʱǰŮȻزһ£Ͻҡͷֻһˮ֮ʵ̫ˡࣨ񣩡Ů񣩡֮񣩣һ쵽ǿʵ̫Ȥˡ
˵⼸λĹÿ춼ǽϵϯ裬춼øһܶෲ˶ޱû뵽λʮȤ
ҿ𣿡è֮ŮʿǰʷٷСʵ
ԡʷٷҵͷסǧҪҡ
ڵõʷٷҵɺè֮Ůʿ̱Ǵ뿪ƺǶҲһ㺦¡ô˵ʷٷè֮Ůʿ뿪ǰʩչ˹ĵһطӡǡ
ӡǿ׷ꡣ
һͷèȥҰʲô
ʷٷҲ֪ǰмһգõʱԼæҵġ
޵Ԩ
ʷٷҷè뻶Ů˿ʱ޵ԨıҲһͷ۵鷳ΪһλȻĿŵǲ뿪޵ԨĿĵǸԼʱλ档
λƺһ㶼ʷٷҡ
ҡڵش͵ձ߾Ȼ겻Էǰʷٷʱһ㶼ţ·ԼͲ͵ɣֱǰλ߱ζҪλ䣬ĴҪ𣿡
λŮòΪޣڵѪ֮УһϮɫĳȹϸϵĳƵϰԵΪ״ĵƤ£ֱصĻۣλŮıϷ͸һ˿⣬·Ƕʲôںɫ͸¶һ˿ȤζƺͬҲܺʷٷһôأǷλڡ
Ů񡤱ɯţʷٷһеˣǳͷ۵עǰλŮ
˫֮һ
ִŶ˵Ůխر񶾣СǼгرʷٷǿ϶ùĻǳͷλŮִƵķΪܹ˴˵ġ



028 Ů
ǲ
ʱʷٷҵҲеᣬΪ൱鷳һ顣û²ҪȥŮͬҲǧҪȥǶŮΪ߱ǰҪӼǳһ㡣ʷٷȻطԼ֮⣬ǸΪӦԤ֮ķʵҲеƫϵӡһȽϼ򵥵ı˵ʷٷͶһöʮһӣôԶͶ͵1㣬϶10ϣΪӦĴҲͶߵ21㡣
ŮȻҪʷٷҵģӮԼΪ˱ԼһĻôʷٷұ˻ûʲô취
޷õʷٷҵϣҲʷٷҵʱ̷һЩõĶ¼
˫Ƿǳġ
񶼶ǱֿƵľ룬ΪλƢܹŹ֣ܹͬӰ쵽
Ƭ֮
ʷٷ΢üͷչһǰб㸡һŻĳ˳泯ǰĶŮ񡤱ɯŵ
Ů񡤱ɯŴʱıе棬һ㶼£Ȼ뿴ʷٷҵ״ʲô
ʷٷҵƾճһĺ裬ĶŮһ裬óһܷĹӸԼһ֣˳ֱһŽȥŮ񡤱ɯźؿʷٷǰĿ֣µʲôһ
һ㶼ʷٷ¶Ϊȫ߸ֵĶء
֡ʷٷֱǰĺ裬ŸԷһ֣ڵһϡڸе޵Ԩ֮ŭζҪúࡣ
ϴʷٷҸһЩֳǶǱƿӴְЩָˡ
ⶫŪΪּġ
˼ζŮ񡤱ɯźһǰı̧֣ͷעǰʷٷҵ㲻ˣ
̽ʷٷҡ
ʱŦһͬҲܺ棬ΪʱԺûkֻһ棬嶼ڸԵڡʱŦ¶棬Ҳ̫ϲ򽻵Ǳϵڵһι¶¡Ů񡤱ɯżʱŦʵֺصܣϾһһϵĴڣڻһȺʱػǵľҲ޷Щǿޱȵʱ
ȻǡʷٷЦҡͷҵһִʱŦ񡣡
Ҫ׷ĻǺûӣ
ʱػߵиԸҵǡþ鷳޵Ԩ
ұֹ޵Ԩλ档
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ͻȻýŮ񡤱ɯ΢΢Լ۾ɢһ˿ΣյϢҲûаʷٷңԷҪĻƴ黯ɱ̽һ¶ԷʵҲá
еλʱػߺǿ󣬡ʮ䡯ѾħĿдܺǰλǲҲһǿ
ǡ
ʷٷ˵ͻȻһתָҸǴ޵Ԩλ棬ҪλǰλǾͲҹˡ
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ô
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ʷٷұ˼ܼ򵥣ǾҪ޵Ԩλ棬ôǸǾԲԵģΪһʱػҲҪӵġǶŮ񡤱ɯҲûãҪǲĻһ˵ǣϾҲǴ˵еĶŮҶҲһӣҸ㿪ţ޵Ԩڤ磬ڵڤҪȥǾͲҹˡȥλҲУȥλҲԣĵ̣Լȥkô졣
ҪУ
ôǾʹһܰɡ
ʱŦػҲµģǶŮҪҲһɱ㿴
ڤ磿
Ů񡤱ɯŵȻܹʷٷҵ˼ᵽڤʱüͷƺǶλסҲһη塣ǰλڱУÿζԪڵĴ¼˵Ĺ켣ѭŮǸ̳Ѿ͵͵ȥˣѰһε֮ӣΪŮȻҲӰ쵽δ˵Ĵ¼ôܹٵ˫ӵӰأ
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ʷٷҰƤ߻ص˶Ů񡤱ɯߣһѡҪôʷٷҴһܣӮȥﶼԣʵʵ޵Ԩ黯ҲǼпܱסġҪôߺŽڤ磬Լȥ򽻵εҲ׸֮飬ʷٷҵҲƤ߻λ¡
ҪҲҪ
ѾʷٷòˣʵڲֻܸǰĶŮһˡ

Ů񡤱ɯſһͻȻЦȤضʷٷҿһŻɽͨڤĴŰɡ
ʷٷҵҪ
봫֮ǰһƮƮػȴ˹ܺá
Ҽסˣ



029 ս˾
ȻһλСǼŮ
ʷٷҿ˵ѾǺܸˣû뵽ȻϳˡŮǶŮλ鶼ǺСˣû»ǲҪǱȽϺãʷٷҸоԼֲԷֻҪеƫϾ㹻ˡҪһĻȥұŮһԼһھͿˡСŮǴȻԻԴԣǿԽ˴Ⱦߵˡ
޵Ԩʱְ
ͨʱ֮۵İʷٷܹ쵽вٵĶħ͵͵Ǳλ棬ЩħĹϽΧڡǷֹЩϵĴڽλ棬ͨĶħǸߵȰħᣬֵʷٷҳֵλħ޵Ԩձ߽Ҳ̫ڷЩͨĶħԽλһЩ̾Ķħֿʼ
ǲԼצǱ룬ͬʱԼԼʲôʱ͵ɽȥ̵λḻģÿζʱڶЩħ顣
״
˶Ůʷٷҵעת˰״ߣ˳·ȥһ˱ӳǣĦǸƹϰ崵ţȻģĵĳһΪɱһͷİڱһİɽѾûжˣǰǱ˪˫ͰľۼأֻȺɽſԿټʷٷҸԼӳһ㶨ĸߵȷһ·˳ɽ˴󺣵ķ
׼λ浽һ䡣
ڰ״ķΧڣɻԾһЩȤһǾȻסס˵֮ǰͳλĺʱձϾ󲿷ֵĺຣΪΪ㹻ĺkĹȳΪڤӵİڶˡຣ඼ȵɱӣǸռһƬȡӦıѣһ˵Ҫ̴ӽɵ
ֳʱǺóرʢУĸλѾҵϵļ
ʷٷҶڿһкܸȤ
Ħ̩ҲҪƽλĽȻûô飬Ϊ֮ǵԵʣ滹дħԶͨ˵Σճ̶ȻҪߡʷٷҵĽǶ˵ƽٶȻǺܱصģΪĿǰֻںȺĹҵϵҲڵһιҵʱڵˮƽʷٷĻʮ굽ʮʱͿԽƽʷļ
Ȼ
̱Ҳһ£ħĿƼҲһҪúù滮
ʷٷںƯһʱǰ˾Ĺȣ֮ɭľŰʵƺǶһжеĮġϵĵ˾֩ڱ֩ɭָÿ춼еر׿սʷٷҽԼòαװһͨľ飬׾ͻ˾ĹڡǧĹȼûʲô̫ı仯ʥߺƽٵĳҲûһЩ䣬ǵдɪʱһֱ
ֵ඼Ƿǳġ
ʷٷھĹȹһȦʧȥȤΪϲʫʸ赸ȫȤԸķʽþȵԵеƣȫûֻѹľܳȥ̸
ҶѾǺܽˡ
ǰ뾫ĳУ뾫ĵطǺȺҶֲ˴ͩһ羰ĳУʷٷҵʱѾе˵Ŀʷٷҵ֪ϷѾȺսˣϺľһʱ൱΢
ս٣ʷٷҲ￴һȺʦ۵ļ׳
ս˾
ȺʦĻռǺ˼ǡִ䵶ֻ֣ΧһԲȦս֮񡤿ƈ˹ĻռǣkһȽС飬Ǳ彵Ҳ򲻹ʷٷң˵ȫᱻʷٷҵ
kϴ൱ţơ
Ϊսϵս̹֮˹ְսսսʿһսǿҲǱмkȻǺֹ֧֮ͬҲ׵ĸĸʷٷҺܿЩ濴սϵʦ˵ʿļ˾ıŮ񣩣սʦƽʱ¶棬λ﷢սôֻܿĳ֡
Щʦս֮ĸ߽׼˾ǳҶȥܿʧȺɽ֮С
սҪˣ
ʷٷ°ͳ˼ţս˾ǰķǰ˵ĵ̣ҲһλߡȽ
һڶ֮ǿˡ



030 ߡȽ
գʷٷеĺռϷ磬Щս˾ǹȥ
ȻԼĹ涨ʷٷҾԲܲеһУȥûйϵİɡҲϷغشʷٷҲõı˷Լ͵ߡȽҲһλǳĴ˵ūһǶʿܽ壬Ϊ˵Ƚʱѧ˺֪ܶʶūݳΪһðߡ
ڳʮʱ棬Ƚ㼣鲼磬൱ḻ֪ʶ;飬վıԼǱޱȵˡ
档
˿ڵһ࣬ռ˾Եƣ˵ڶľӽ屶ϵ˿ڣڵڶλľ黹üڵµ׿֮һ˿ڣ⻹Ǿ˳ǧƽĽ˿ڵλˣǴܾһЩƶĵطԴϵ类һ򾡺ǵͱ֮⣬˵һֱǺܶ࣬ǵķԴһλ档˺ľǰˡˡؾ٪֮壬ǻ˵Ȼв٣ǵλ൱ΣǼȲͬҲɡ
ߡȽǸʱΪ˰˵䣬һָĸ˰˵ϵũ
ڻʮǡʥߺƽٱȽǸʱϷȺɽһ·Եẉ̂ʱס״Э飬ϷȺɽ󸽽ռһƬ̡Ժ˵ͿʼӣѾ˿ڽڰ˵塣˵ĵ̻ǲһ㣬ߡȽķʱҲֻӽеӣʵԶԶȲϵ
ܵĴ𽥱ï
˵ĵ̴󡢻Įɽ֮䣬ԲķʽɢЩ棬ΨһĳнһĪɴĵطϲʯԭľԼķݣĽ൱ԭʼҰҲôװƷϲߴ׳ĽΪƶҪԲʣﻹܹٵ̶ӣǰչëƤҩģȫëƤƷ
ս˾ǽһߴĽڣʷٷĶλϣͨǻᱻֵġ
һȺİӭǵĵ
ûôıƣϰñ⣬ǡǡս˾ҲһȺмļһʷٷҺܿʹǵĽ̸Ūԭί
ԭ˵ڲ˷ѡ
һΪӦ֧ףϾǴѧ˺ܶණǰɣһΪ಻ţӦѭͳ̫ǿ󷴶вǵ壬Щɵġ
ս̹֮˹ϵܺӻһЩˣ˺ͰڶΪϵս˾ǲŻͼ˵˼ǵӪ˫Ľ̸벻һ⣬ǾӮ˵Ļk͵һʲôĵزЩkôв
ʷٷҵĹ۵Ӯ˵ĻôཫһԵڣ԰˵һѹΪཫγɳ׵ȺѹΪ۹ʱף嶼ѹƣûκһսĵλҲ̫͵ԭλѾ޵е࿪ʼзϣʱʦǶڿܡ
۹ˡ
ûܹŪʱ۹׷ôս
ս˾Ǳɣ̻ͽҪսʿʿҰˡʦȵɣΪɵȺʵܷиĸΪ⽫вǵĵλЩȻ׵ĸĸҲĦǵΪҶǾǺܽǰ뾫ĵ̣ҲĺĦֱҶǵĴʹͷ󣬹Ҳ˵Ħǵľ񣬽Ҷסıвˡ
û㹻ʵóȻսֱ
ս˾ǲû̫ۣǺܿ͸¶һҪ鱨ǾһֱɵѾȥϵǺ͵³ǡ׵ĸĸȻᵼ´𹤷Ľ⽫ȻɼвԵ³ıǲںʲôĸﲻĸҲںǿǿֻںȻ᲻⵽صƻЩ³ŵǿǵ㼣鲼;ȣֻҪǵֱ֧ɵʵᱩǡ
ǻ͸¶ȻϵʵǺܷиĸģ׵ļٶҲΪkһЩԭǿˡ
˼
ȻϵҲǿҲӮʷٷ૵
ԽԽжˡ
ԭΪӮܴ󣬵ڿƺҲûʲôƣܶౣɵ鶼ǹ֮Ȼѡ



031 ˣ
޵Ԩ
ʷٷҵĻλʱλϸٶȴĲһͷ޴ޱȵħʷٷҵǰkǰǾ޴ޱȵϱ鲼ĵ̺ͼ׿ǡͷħڴͳԵ÷ǳĽţڷܲõķ̱Ǳħ̬ҪѡʷٷҵôôѣkӴֱӱŸɫķԭء

ħħ֮һĶħӾһ롤˹ļһk˸˺ˡԺħ˻޵Ԩĵʮ㣬һֱﶼȺ۸ݵľ棬Ųٵħʼûκһ˿ͳЩײеĶħǰһλλħ޵ԨĳҲǿŵϺŵ֣Ǻܿϧkǻ͵ɣȫʷٷҵĶ֡
򣡡
ʷٷֱӸɵǰħŶԷӴɢöԾħĻֻ˱һֵʷٷһõսƷȽһ㡣еѾѿˣֻҪ޵ԨĴֱӸɵˡ
ͬʱ
޵Ԩĵ13㣬һͷ޴ħ˷ŭޱȵΪkڸոջʱͻȻԼʧȥһ֣ǲָڻϵûΪջõkܿʶԼмˣһԵkııĲ߻žǵkѣһȵkСħԷ֪廹ƭȥȻǴû̲ء
취һУ
ܿ졣
ͷթĶħ뵽һ취ǾǵkظһȵkСĶħ˫ȻϵԣΪرȽϽӽԵʰҲ
ܰƭȥɱһΣ
ôҾͿأȻɱȡ̲أһǽħҲԵֵס
ΪһЩԭô죿
ȻǰߵҲƭȥҲȻûɵǣǵһУǵ˻ѡ˱һ£ԳûǣѱҲûйϵΪڵĵλֶԵˡ޵Ԩûô£ħ֮ԼǷǳģʶԼ֮ħһ뵽ľԼвЩˣȻôҲƭȥ
ħ֩󣡡
Ҿ֪ǲΣ
ħжħĽթ뾡ƶһƻΪħѾ޵ԨʮܾˣǺܻܿû
λ档ǡ
ʷٷҴӰ˵һ·еǵĵطȥϷսһǲ֪Ϊʲô޵ԨͻȻ״кüħҪ͵ɽλ棬ʷٷҵȻǺذЩ˸ɵˡȻսƷӭһδգΪ޵Ԩ̯̫עԵʣʷٷҵĻҲֻˡЩħչ鲻һѷӿʷٷڽɵʮħĻʱϢһˡ
ԼǱ˸ˡ
Щ䵽Ķħʲôıɶ֮ĻȻͱʷٷҸɾظɵˡʷٷһ֩˿һЩħʵΪһʼ֩ǿħпЩ֩˿Ҫ̲ĿꡣԼɵЩħĻ󲻾ãǵؼпܾͻӭߡ
ǣȻ˵Ǳ˸ˣʷٷҵҲûô
޷Ǿһ㹤ջսƷҲͬ٣ԾѾ޷ĵزֻȴԺյ˵ʵ޵ԨĶħĶ֪࣬Ĳ666㣬ÿһ㶼һǿĶħɸλħЩɵĶħ϶޵Ԩǰʮģʮ»һʮĿռ䣬˵ܶħλǱȽʵġ
ȻħһҲӿ̫̫࣬ʷٷҲæңֻܹһ峡ˡ
ˮʳ
Ҫӵ
Ŷӣ˶õʳģ
ں⣬ʷٷҿǧڵǴϷ߾ѵģս𽥱ܶ񶼱Լļ硣ھЩһȺŮʦšȪˮƽŮ񡯵ĻռǣλŮȻšƽְʵսҲûʲô취ΪȥֹЩսֻܰһЩѵƽƽ൱ı΢


032 İ
ϷսҶڲϵС
ǰʱػߵݣʷٷǲܹսΧڵģΪ϶ʱ̶׺͹֮עţһʱػߵĻܽȥʮа˾Ż¶ڡǵķΧڻѾʷٷҵļޣܲϵʷٷҿ˺ҹŮʿĽͽϮ̻ʦʷٷҼԹ̣ûгְκһΪʱŦǲԵġ
ĹģڲϵΪսԼļ԰һЩĽ̻ڽǣսڲϵ
غشѾʮĴ½ʷٷҿʥʿĽų֡
֮ӵģʥʿţ־ᶨʵǿ޾Ҳֻǲս϶ԿЩͬηΪһҫͽһδǧλˣ֮ͽΪＴѣ׵ͽΪǱģֻƶĽʷٷҲ޷жһȷģͺҲĦ̩ĿƼһ
ֻ֪ʶЩԭסʦԼѡԼУƼҪһһȽϺá
ɱʮħ޵Ԩǰࡣ
λѾǱĶħڰƻǶħûһӳȥ޵Ԩϲ㶼֪һǳµˣ֩˿ϳԹ
ʱһһĹȥ
ת֮ǰµʱ䣬ʱϷս˫лأŭϵսϵֱӼս֩ĻȻûܳͽȴû͵Ϯһر飬ֱӽ֩ɭָľҲһŻˮ
ʷٷڵλþ֩ɭ֡
ΪʱŦԼҲܸʲôڵһȦ׼翴׿Ĺȡ
޵Ԩڷǳƽ
ʷٷһЩħո˽ӽһٵֵôһӽеˣȻǰϵпȱĿյְôʷٷҹԼҪüʱܹϵԽԽ֮࣬ϻõһǿˡ
޵ԨĶħĶ࣡
ǵ˶ϢΪʷٷʱʱץһ޵Ԩ²ҪܳСèСɵһҲǵֵʤʱʱͻðһҲ൱Ŀɹۡ
ΪʲôԾʷٷһԼдԨѪսⷨΪԨѪսĶħǻʧԼġһЩԨѪսȻһֱûиʧ˴ʵ
ȻҲпܸʷٷһйϵ
޵ԨҲҳһţҪЩʷٷɱһεĶħʵǳΪħĿ꣬ū۵¶ΪһѵķѻᡣʱвٵĶħȡ֩˿ƺҲʷٷ޵Ԩĵ13㣬һֵħĽ¡
Ů˻ǻһᡣ
ʷٷұ֩˿һܿµĶ֣ıƵ츳ˣʷٷҸɵһλܷһǿԼ
İ
Ƭ䳱ʪĵ̾ŴĹ׿顢Ұ˺٪塣Ұ˵ϵȽСİ򼸺һֱ׿ǵĳɭϽײŮӵžԵĵλ֩˿ļ˾ϣκԸֱǶһܵ൱̵ı̡׿棬û׷ŮԵȨŮѡԼż
һЩ׿Եĳ棬ǻҪһʽԼ׸֩ļ˾
ֽײɭϵĸϵ棬׿鱻ΪڻһδεļУֻҪֱϵŮ׿黹ţǵ׿Ҳжɽһ졣һ׿ֱϵŮȫˣôǳ׻ˣ׿ΪսƷļ̲
ʵ֤ŮԺ˻ҪײС
ʷٷҲŸոյ׿ĳУĿһıɱһӰеĴ̿ͻȻ̳㶾ϮһλŮսʿȻʬСڡ׿ûбֵıɱͲıɱ֩һֱ׿ȺڶΪԼȡꡣе׿嶼һΪǼÿ궼໥ɱ¾ĸǰнʹøָıƣĿľΪԼľ֡
ܶΪ׿һ塣
ʵҲû˵׿ӵȨǴԣԴ󲿷¶ֻбȨҲ˵ҲǴ׿ȥζ׿ȥΡ
һЩռǿҵĴ׿ΪżĴԽɱ



033 
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ʷٷһݶİУĻ඼ǲĿѹǶ˵׿ն˵¼塣Щ۲쵽ЩǶ˲Сĳ׿ĸϵƶȸŤεģŮӵоԵȨ͵λӵнȨ󣬺ܶڲܵصĳȻ⻹⣬׿൱ĲɱϲĥԼķ²ǶԴԼȶԴӲ̡
˵һֱȽϺõĽѡ
̵Ǳ׸֩˿̷ѪȵʽֱӱŤһֽ뻯ĹǸŽ
ǧ
İ׿鼸ûʲôԵ˿ʷٷҴδκһ׿ǧһհͣͲǰ֩ƶѾ׺ľ׿ǱڲǾ󲿷ֵ׿ĵ磬Ѿˡİ棬һӵʮ˿ڵ׿оѾǴˣڵرʮ˿ڵĳмʤ
˿Ѿ׿ٱ־Ե˿һΪսǱ׿ȫǱѹľ档
ҲΪݣű˾˵Ǳɡ
ֵȶ෴϶̵ٶȶܿ죬ʷٷһλʱۼһؾڼ̵ʱȡĽİʷٷҼûʲôջΪԭʼҰҲǻǻ治׿顢Ұˡؾħֵȵȣȫǳūƶȵ壬ϲץūȻʹūһֱ
ûλĸ֩˿߲̫Զʷٷ૵
ϷսѾܼˡ
˵Ѿʮˣ˽ǧʧ׻ǹ֮˫ƺûռݾԵƣ˴һֵֽ״̬˵ľսϵ飬սĹлȡ˼κսʱսϵȡٶȶ൱졣³ƺҲΪеͷۣЩһʼֹ֧֮ģǺҪȰ˵˫̸ⱳпȻϵ˼
ȻϵûôǿԴ֮˴Ȼ󣬽ӹܵkڵȻŮ񣬲󲿷˶ƺΪɭŮʿɭŮһλǿ飬Ȼʱ䲢Ƕ֮ζҪͬʱλ飬Ȼϵɲӡ
İĳھɭָ
½עת޵ԨһҪ͵ɵĶħʷٷҽ֮ɭĶ棬Ƕ޵Ϣأ˵ŶֻĶޡʷٷҵȻ͵Զ޵ģˡֻĦ̩涼ûж޵ģûзֹ޵ĽǶ˵Щ;ι׼ȡһ޽ǵķĩҲò̫Ҳ100˵ӡ
ܵɭ൱ïʢ羰ҲǷǳ
޲ϲȺӵķһ㹦һƬ̵ĺԿһֻĴԶޣƺŸոΪԶһͷС԰ޡ

ʷٷҵӰͻȻںϷǰĶ൱ľһвĵͺ𣬽ޱԼӵв׵սǺȻʷٷҵĶ֣ʷٷֱӶԭأɫŽǿ־壬ϵطĺܣ޲ûܣ෴ͷ۵ĶǶ׼ǰʷٷңƺ׼ƴһӡ
⻭濴ʷٷе㲻֣ǰ޵ǰġҲ˺ġֻȡһͷǵķĩ
˵꣬ڶ޵ĽһӣһЩĩǲûнֱȡ¡
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ʷٷȻ׵ɱ˼Ƭ̣ĸһű̴֮ˮȻ͵˶޵ǰȡһĽǣһ֮ˮ
šܹƽ
䣡
һɫֱӳʷٷ˹
˭˺ҵĺǣ
ʷٷҵӰʧԭأһɫĶìԭλãһλŽ˿߹͢ȹŮ˲Զɽϣɫͫ׳ŷŭһǽɫìɻУӰֱӳʷٷ˹ŭ븶ۣʦ
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ʷٷһֳſһ淨ʦϣǰŮڿԷͷðʥԵĶǺ΢΢üŮǉǣ
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һҲģŮǉǿᰮĴΣԸҲЩ޳ȻǉɭŮǺܶʱϲܣǶ޵ػߣκε˺޵ʱǳľйԡ
˵˻治٣



034 ɭŮʿ
һȣ
Ҳû˺ֻȡһǵķĩ
ʷٷͼ˵Է֣ͣǰŭĶŮѹûֵ뷨ޱɱһֱʹ޵飬Ⱥǧһֱ١λŮǳ⣬ȴûκνİ취Ϊ޲ǿ󣬻кܶȶ޸ӿֲĴڡо͵³ıӻ޵ѾѾıΣ֡
ħ
󣡡
һԶŮʷٷҲûռϷ磬λȻֻ΢ܲסıǿΪɭŮʿŮıԶĴڣ˵΢ǿһ
ͣ£ǉǡ
͵Ů籩Ĺٶʱһºȴֳϵһλĸߴ̬ԵʮŵŮʿɭ˳źɫĳɫһ̺ɫƤףչ¶ɣӺ͸һ˿ҰԵ
λŮʿıеɻʷٷҵĴڣü˭
Ϊʲôи׵ζ
Ůǉͣ˹תͷɻؿλŮʿе㲻ĵȴܹɵ
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ǾɭŮȻϵ񡪡÷򿭣
λŮʿ൱ĺƣĽǡǻԿȻг棬뻥𡣡Ľ̻һֱڱȻ⵽֪ƻǾ󲿷ֵ³ЧĶҲ̷ŮλŮʿӵλͽ
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ʷٷ΢΢ʾ⣬ҲͬɻԷиϢϤһİ
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ʷٷҵıе㾪㵣ܿ˼૵ѹˣ
ɭŮʿ÷֮Ů֮˴Ȼӹ֮󲿷ְֵͼ֮ǲ֪Ϊʲôȫʧˣ֮ѾɢȻ磬kĴƺĳֲ֪ķֱ۵һ־ɮ˴ȻһΪ˺һ״̬
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ԼѾŪǿŽɫӵѹ֮ӵôǿͬʱڷһ㶼ںΪǴȻĻ
ɭŮʿıܼʷٷҵǰڳһ̬
һҪӼǰ˵𡣡
ʷٷ룬ؽԼ⵽ţȻ˽ɫӣӳʱȻĦ̩Կ֮ǣ罫Ĺ̼˵һ顣֮а˼ΪҪĽɫʷٷսʤ֮ǵĹؼ֮һ
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һΰˣ
˽ذǸϹħҾܹȻ֮ĸм
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һԵĶŮҲ࣬ᳶ˳ɭŮʿ½ǣСε˵ϵһƽϢս˵һϵǿºѹȥ
ʷٷұǰɭŮʿе㲻˼ڵǿԡ
ǿºѿԽϡ
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׼˵ϵƽϢս𣿲˼һеû˵
ϹҼʱŦʱŦػ֮һǺѾΥԼʱǲܽλġ
ʷٷҵĻǰλŮһ˵ȻȻ֮ҸķΧڡ
ֻ޵Ԩһ顣
Ҫʲô⣬Ҳھͺˡ
ɭŮʿ÷Է࣬ٶȸмлл㡣εսѾ̫޹ϣ˫̸Уһбضܹгİ취
Ϸսܴ
ʷٷȻܽƬΧڣʱѾ롣
⻹ʱŦ£ʱػ޵ԨеԼλĿ´ڣλѾǧˣħһλһµѣΪǶһȺȵĻߡ
һһֱϵսʱ޵ԨҡʷٷϣǴ˳
ⳡսɡ
˫һֱֵĻʷٷҲһֱפ޵ԨڶħǴ֪һµĴţѾûʲô˼ȫ˷Լʱ䡣εʷٷҲؼңԼƶļڲŸոϢһء



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