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1 

δУһƬ޾Уϲ²ŵأʱռ޴жϣУһɫâ˸صϢ
̫ҲɫâѾ޾Ư޾£ΪκʵǱ̫̫ˡ
̫ӹһͨͨϰ壬һμӰ۶
ˣԭ޴̽飡
̫մԽ޾ʱյʱǼģδǳģκΡһжԤС
ҪģʲôɣǶƭˣ̫źţ
ʱ̫ųʥ棬ʱڣ֪Ǻ̹Ŵͬڵʱ̫̹Ŵһǧħһĳɣ
ľһƴ͸ŵ磬עһУΰ飬вĳԼ޾ˣ
ûЩ죿Բܡ
֮ɽ˲ɽʧеֻǺ
֮飬Ҳʹ޽ɵΪܴﵽ׼ʥ컯ġ
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룬̫İ취ǿǰĴ
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ʲôмƭ˵ģ᳢һеİ취κΰκΣ
̫ԣԶ׼û˿ı仯ԪһϹ⣬ֻǴ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ֪ǻ磬һǿΪĵطɱ˲Ҫĵط۸컯ĵط
̫ûκεܲģ
̫ȻûзſǻԵ
˵ˣûǿΪЩǿ鱦ǣ
˵еһһõ顱ȱи˭ƵڹӣҲܱסСǣ
޾ʧ˵鱦ȣ鱦ûһЩϢˮȵȻ̫ΪһϹʾJס
ûطţҲû취ƶղأˣֻ۲ȴò
鱦һĶһû
̫֪УĻֱֻǡʮƷ顢컯츫ĥ
в鱦֮鱦
ǧħаĻ鱦ħҲһֿտա
ǧħǺε˵ħһֻצӿܶεƺһ鱦һ鱦ûô
֪鱦˻츫컯ݻ챦
ʣĶǧħնɱϿĲ챦
һЩҲʱĻ֮䱾ԴӶ֪ļƷƷƷ鱦
Ҳ˵û鱦ġ
̫ûУûеõƯνһ
Ǻܳܳģڶã̫Ҳ֪мٰɣ粻꣬ϸ˵ˣ˽һ¾У
һԪΪʮᣬÿһ˰꣬һԪ129ǧ6꣬5ԪΪһԪ٣һ=5Ԫ129ǧ6=64.8ꡣ
ϸ˵ȱʱ䣬ൽԪע̫ҲǸˣ
ֻе㱯һ޳ɣʱʲôڻʲôûһı仯ıøգø侲

˹˲֪¡
ÿܳһʱ̫ѹֲס޾Ŀį󣬾ͿʼĪķ꣬Īĳ
ⲻħ֪ûħģħǿĲ̫˵ħС
֮ˣ顢ǵ˼޳ܲסˣҪΪˡ
Ҳÿʱâܻɢâһδθƽ̫Ԫԡ磬Ǿúأÿζ̫ҪԪתΣΪÿҲ̫ԪӵԲǿֻ̫֪ѣ
Ҳʹ̫Ԫ飬ܱøǿԲû޾ʱıǨΪ̬˼άһԲĳ֮ģһңص顣

ţˣֹ֪˶ˣ̫һǣһɲĻ磬ı
Ȼ
ֻƺһɵ޾ʱУɢһصĹâ
ţ
һһĴʣ̫Ԫ
ϣʱħ񡪡ʱƿʱ䷨򡭡
ʱ
̫ˣҪֻԪϹ⣬Ҫˣڳ֪ĺҪ𣿡
̫âеȥ棬һɫâи飬ҲɵĻܼˡ
ûûȷǿ֮ǰĻ磬ҶҪǲǴԽˣԭǻ磬ֻҴԽ̫ˡ̫뵽
λɣԼǲǴԽˣôһ鶼ûУȷˣȷǻ磬ֻԼԽ̫ˡ


2 䴫
翪ʼˣŵһħʱħ񡱵ĵ˺󡰿ռħü컯ħ컯ħħ񡱻𡢡ⰵħ񡱡ħ񡱡ħ񡱡ȵǧħУǿǰʮλˡ
ƺǵһʱΣ̫Ī֪ܶеܡ֪Ӻδƺһֱ̫ļ䴫Уֻʱδûдݸ̫
ֱ˿̣ħЩű̫֪
мУܶص߸̫֪
ԭ̹Ųǵһһ
̫ˣȷܸǿ󣬵Աȵֻǧħ񣬶Ǻ̹űȡ
̹Ŵȣʲôǧħ
̹ŵΪ촴Ҫǵһǧħʲô¡
ǧħȻ͸ʱ䣬ǿ󵽳ѻ磬̹ſҲû¡
ǲܣǾִһˣһǡ顣
ԭ̫Ϊм̹Ŵһǧħڲ֪ǧħǧħ̹ŲΪǧħ񣨾Ϊ
Ļ̹ΪǧһԼȴǧĴڡ
ͨм֪ΪʮԲǧħУǿΪʮħ
νһضģߵذˣŵʮ壬壬λöкϡʮ壬ʮ֮ʮ壬Գɱ仯йҲ
֮ʮʮоţȥһ
֮ʮ壬ݻʮ߷ء
ʮȴַֻǧǧħֻǸǿ۳ǧħ񣬻и෨Ǵȴġ
ʮţʮΪԲԲҪϵԲ
ص߷Ϊˡ硢
ΪһУΪһУΪƿһУΪһУΪһУ
ӦľǴ
лҲдں򣬻̹ţ̹Ųǵ֮ƿߣΪ
̹ŲǴ֮ӣֱʱ̫˽⣬Ҳǰ֪Ĳȫȷ
編Ӧ츫츫Ϊ編ۣƿ磬ͺء
˷Ӧ컯ƹܺ޾֮컯ǰҲǳ컯ܺԭ
Ӧ飻Ϊʱ֮֮ңʱ޾ΪҲ֪Ļѹ籾ԴԳɻռԵʡ
Ӧĥ˱δֵ֣ʱٵʱ̣㣬죬Թɢʱĥ޾ԹӶݺδУ
߷ʻ51ơ
е鱦һжӦĽƣ1-12ΪƷ鱦13-24ΪƷ鱦25-36ΪƷ鱦37-48Ϊ鱦48ΪƷ鱦49Ϊ50Ϊ鱦51Ļ
к鱦һƷ鱦ƷƷȣ鱦ƶӦ
鱦з⣬ʣ鱦ֻҪһ޸
鱦û޸ˡ
ѹˡԵȶԱ鱦Ȳ鱦
⻹й鱦ȣЩ鱦ľɱ˲մѹ˷Ϊ
ɱ˲մѹˡ˵ֺе˷ӳ
ڿδʱڣɾûˡ

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ҵʲôҴڵΪΣ
̫룬̹ţѾǧħ񣬶ǵĻԵкʹԼôľǸࡱأ
ã̫ʼղףƺǻԵδԼ˽ʱԲȥ롣
̬ʵҪ̫һֱΪõɫԪâµġ
û̫ͷˣһˡ
Ȼ䣡
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ǧħˣ˵ҸΣˣҪ֪ǧħɶɱϡصĴڣҪǷңǻˣ̫Ƶ
ֲ˱뷨öƺûãȲ˵Լûһ˿ΪҪ㿪ҪĿвͨġ
½ҶˣѵԼˣȴһֱججĹһ
û˿ΪһСĴڲԼҪġ
ľʣ޺ΣȻҪȥ̫̽뵽
˵ˣⶼµĹ¶ˣˣȥ˽һ£Ҳû塣
뵽⣬̫;ˣΣҪ֤һԼǷǶ࣡
̫Ȼ̤ˡƮ̣Żģħĵطȥ
κλ޾һƮ޾£֪á
Ҫ˵ɡ
һġ羰ڣ羰ǡ籩硱
ַǻ˵޽ǿԳһ£̫ҽɣֻҪһ£ǻɢ
лסռ䡢֮𡭡ȵΣա
Щڣûһ޽һΪԳܵġ
Ǵ޽Ҳǿһ£ʱһҲһʥˣǻĻħ

̫ǲµģⲻǼٻ֡羰̫ˣħδʱ̫ϰΪˡ
Ǻܾúܾ֮ǰˣ̫ȻֵУʱ̫Ϊ군ˡ
ɽ
ʲô¶ûУ
ɫâлѰٻ̫˺ܶΣյ˱סܳʱʱƬһôûС
Ժ̫оԼƽ˺޾ûб仯˼еıˡ
ƺ˲κΣգҲûɶ仯
˾ϲÿÿʱо


3 ü
һ·ϣ
̫˲ϵƮԪеĴм䡣
ڴڼ䣬ˣ˻ǧħ񣬴ʮǧٻҲˣ
ǧħǰʮλлԪ޽ɵΪ뿪ʥһ
ʣµĻħ񣬵Ϊ͵ģҲлԪɵΪ׼ʥ
ʮǧ飬лԪɵΪֻǵǧħ࣡
Աȿĺģò˵ħȷ߹߳ܶࡣ
֪ǻ绹ǺģҪ磬úò磬ǻΨһ
ǡħ޲Tߵ桢桢Ǭ桢桢桢޼桢桢졢졢죩롢桢ֻصħ
ⶼǿٵǣپͻεģǿԪɣ׼ʥ֮ϵΪ
ǵھŸʱ֣ħĻ塢׼ᡢŮ洵˵¡
֮ǰ̫̹Ŵ֤ʥΪ֤ľǻԪ޽ɣ֪Լ֮ǰˡ
̹Ŵֻ֤Ԫ޽ɣ̫̹ŴˣҲܿٳأ
̹塢ʮףͱʥҪǿö࣬οֻԪʮξѪ˵˫Ŀ̫ǡ̫ǣ˵ۿ̫һ˺͡ء
⡭
̫Ҳ֪˻ħʵȼĻ֣ΪǻԪɣ׼ʥ󡪡Ԫ޽ɣʥˣԪ޼ɣϵ󣩣֮˺ǵĲΣΡԪԪ
ʥԪǿӳԪ޼ɵĲεΪϵǿӳԪΪ
ʥ˱ĻԪ޼ɣкܴġһԼΪһǽã֪
˵õԽ࣬ԽҲΪʥΪܵԭ
Щʥˡ
ںлԪ֮µΪΣûеġεΪڻд
Ԫ֮ǡ޽ɡ̫ҽɡɡɡɣɡ
顢ϵɵȣٺתΪееĲΡ
˵ӻ١١٣٣ħ֮١ٵȵȣԽʵԽ£ȡʱһɲεĺӶˡ
Ҳóǧħǿ
ҲóǶôˡ
ɾ͸ߡ
𣬳Ǹ

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֪ã̫оԼħܽˡ
ţ
ͷһ֦
̫׷ѰħʱһУһ߾ǧŰپʮų֦ҶʼʹΧƺҪһ㡣
һȦȦĿռ䣬Ȼʲʽ޾أ
Դǣ
һ޴ϣһüϵӰɵӰɫ
һؿռ䣬Ҳһ߾ǧŰپʮɵĶħ룬ͬһ¶
Ǿ޴ĶصĿϣĿֻ֮ʱһֹͣǿǻ
Դǣħͬ˵仰
ֻλػˮ硢޾ܶħе괫дһ˿¶
Щڼǰ̫ǲ֪ģûΪԵʣӦеǣ
ǿռħ񣬿Դ٣ʣ²࣬ԳüĺܶΪüɡ
ЩǷǣ̫ԶܶħֻǼ򵥵ĸһ˿¶ʧˣֻóռüƺܺ档
ڿռƿȻܸһ˿˿ǣַǣ
չ꣬Ԫ޼һĤȻ÷򴫳м¶ȥܽ˻ͻƣ
ü룬ʱһʧˡ
ڸ·ֻ̫ǷƺԽԽˣħԽԽˡ
ⲻ֪ü
ⶼˣ̫ˣâԪжϾ㰡Ʈˣûһħ񡭡̫̾
һٹȥˡ
ţôȻֿռƬˣ鷳ⶫզأסҪóʱܴù
̫úõĸ·ĪĽһռƬС
ҿâԪ޾κλ
ʹ˴ռƬ˵޽ˣǻԪɽ군
˵ֻ̫ƣһƬеüƵԾˣ
ôܣҵĿռ䷨ͨȻâһöûУ⡭⡭ü
ôоֹĿռ䣬ǲСģȻôȶĵطֲ̫пռƬпռѣռ侲ֹƺֿռͨˡ
ʲôشڣϣʱΪ𣬿ռ⡭ߵĴ׻˶شڣüʼ𾪺󣬲аĿʼֿռͨ
Ҳ˵ղ̫֣ǲаü谭

Уâϲ⣬ƺΣգӵ𣬾͸еһΣʼҪ٣صâȹһΣա
üֶúһ¡

ħսսս磬ħǳ߹ȻԸ߰
һüҪ̽һ£
ףʧˣڳˣĿռƬʼûзüֻ̫ҵĿռʧˣ߳ˡ
ǡһ
Ȼ̫߳ҿռǰһŸߴʮɵǰ
Դˣһ棡
עʲôâԪ̫ҲСˡ



4 ̫
ѣ˻ħռħ񣬼ѣ
һļ̫һ
ֻǰϣֳһӰһ֮̫ԪС
еĶԻѽ͵ף̫öâԪĸ衣˺ܾãֻôͣΪǿ֢ѶͲˣ׾С

ʱҿ޾µĥ̫ǰֻе𾪣âԪĺôˡ
֪ڻеĻħһ仰úˣ顣
Ͼÿ仰ǡơ
¡̫ѡ̫һ仰˺ܾãʵǲϤеĶԻ
ƺ¡ȴӸղüĻħ߰ޱȣԺգ˭ơ¡
ûü˵˻ħռħ𣿡ֻ̫ѧ
ƺ̫̫ĵģ֪ƺģܻĪⷽǣÿֶеġ
Ϊν̫̫С̫
⣺̫̫ס̫ʼ̫ء̫Ϊ̫޼ɵصǰ׶֮һ
̫δǰĻ״̬̫ޣһ֮һδΡ
ʣ̫֮Ϊ޼޼ν̫øԴˣ̫һġ̫̫Լõ
Ͼ̫ħųֵģƺ̫޴
Ŷ̫̫üеԾƺ᲻֪
üռħ˺ƺɣ̫ˡ
ⲻ֪̫Ҳеţƺð˺ܴյģƺԶûκαʾ
漴̫һƣ֮󣬴ûܹһʱ䣬ûдڡ
ֱһλλħԲףǴڵġ
Ȼϸ˵ֻ̫Լƺ̫ƺڤڤ͸ƺ
ʵöӦˡ̫ޣһ֮һδΡʼմȴûεԭ򣬱Ͼδ

ķ˽˼άü̫̫
ΪħУΪƢõģ̫еˣҿûͺɱġ
ԭʹǧħ䣬Ψü˵ᡣ
ʵ̫Ǻ棬ѾκΪȴϲ⡣ղʹκֶΣȴԵһӰ춼ûУ֪̫ѣ㣿ü˵
üҲ̹Ѹղŵǰȫ˵˳һֻڷü̫е㺹ա
ղֵǮСǾ޶ɷ򣬻ǽΪá
Ҳ֪ᵮǡٰ̫˵ԼһЩֻü档
ͬʱ̫Ҳˣ룺õˣԭüղŶԼþֶΣҲ޾Щħͨ
ϾڶĻħ񣬻Լ֪¶ԸԼԼûһ˿˿ΣգǴǰԼĵǷˡ
ǰ̫ȷ޾κλ籩ˮȣȴ»ħΣҲǰѰһħǰ̫ľϡ
ڲˡ
ԼǸ࣬һ֪ġࡱ
ʱ䲻ֵǮ
̫ü˺ܾãǿǸѡˣ˴˵Ľ䱸ҲС˺öࡣ
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ü˴ۣĸ裬Ϊʺ֮ϡ
ԭˣ
̫һգԭħʽʺǵķ򣬲õģûһ
ֻ̹ſ󣬺زˡ塱֮ϣ̹ŵĴУֻΪǿڲ֪
ҲǺĳ󣬸ǧٹֻεĶеԭ
ѣûĴУ֪̫ǲ˼ʵ
еܱ
˵Ǻ磬κһֱӣâԪøˣһΪûУˡò׹üܶˣ̲סˣ
ԣᴫ˵˴ڶдڵ壬ֻǻûҵԼڵˣο֮ʺᣬκô
üܿᣬֱ˵УܺеתҲԭ򣬵̫
Ǻǣȴˣ̫Զԡ
ȴǲסҴڵ壿Ҵڵǿ¥ٿǵ޾ԨǣҲµԨҲ¥ҳԹ
ꡢǧꡭȥˣ
̫ü໥̸У֪˱˴˲֪ĺܶأ̫ܶûã˺ܶʶ
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̫ѣʵӵ֮ڤڤиоδΣȴڤڤиолԵڣȴ֪
Ŷ
̫һ㶣Ȼ뵽̹ſУǰУֻü˲лꡣ
ĻħҲʣΪĲлתˡ
ڿüȷףھͷˣ
̫һ㶣üоԼʶˣ֪̫ѿָ̣
⻰еηŵˣ̫ü̸ôˣһη⽾ĻħԭҲʱ򣬺
𣿡
̫󣬶ڿô˵һֻ˵ǣ֮ڣʵΪ󼺣һ̰ΣҪ֮
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ԣܶǶ㲻ģǿ㱣ı²Уħ߹󣬵һгɿգҲҪʱУ̫ʾָ֭
ǲ˵ԭ̫һθе˴ڹע˵˻ܡ
һֱԴԹ޵̫ˡ
ȻڣΪβܹңΪô궼ңװˣ㵹ǹעˣʲô˼𣿡̫
̫˵꣬üƺˣƺֻεĿϷ֪ôģüˣ
üָ̫ʾк𾪣룺ȻǴ˵⵹Ϊ̫ˡ
漴ü̫ѣ͵һ̸Ķ࣬оΣԽԽˣڴ˸ѣϣһټʱ̣ҪΪδΣ׼ˣ

ü̫֪첻ԶˣķҪˡ
ͨüĽ̸֪תڿ֮ڴ֮ǰҪһֱˡ
Ҳ̫ɺˣϾħƺһôûС
ü˵ĺãھǺ
Ҫ̫ڤڤиоҪ̹ſˡ
ⲻϹ£ǿԽԽâԪ޵ĸ֪
Ǿ͵ȰɣѾ˹ˣ
һû̾Ϣ̫
ƺڴ


5 ˣ
̫üֱֿ̫ʼĿĵˡ
أǴ˵еĺĵһɣ
̫УһŶصĲ֪ǺеƷһ
ϧϧǻ衯ȻƷŴƷ㲻ϣ̹Ŵ񰡣˷˲ٺö
̫۲ĿŻ裬˵ռΪǲܵġ
Ҫ֪Сֵܡ൱æÿÿʹС˵УļΪ̫۲
ˣˣãû취Ҳ͹ˣϣԵҵõ̫һ˵
漴룬ɷµ˵ϣƶԵ

˻裬̫Żĵķȥ
粻ң̫Ϊ֪ģڤڤеĸӦ
ףȻԼеΣյĴڣỹǲȥĺã
̫֪һ֮һħʱ˰ֻ۾
ħڱչһϹȻأһ˵ħܽ໥Ӧġ
ÿħȻԼĵ̣޶˴˵ĵ̣ħ񣬳֮Ǻܸ߹ƣ⼸ǲݵĽ֡
Ҳ̫ûħˣ˭ĵط·
·һУûģôë¶ûС
̫͵Ĳ֣δ
ûһħƷ
𲻵סղѹûãúܶħơ
ûӵĻޣ
˵ȻħöˣûӵĺôԭʼܣܸâвΪáóԣ
һ·ϵĻᶼᣡ
ֹ˼Ԫᣬ̫оԼģԽԽˡ
𣡡
Ҵ̣֮ССâ
ʱ
̫һ⣿
ֻһԼʮɵĻħԳԼǰ

ɲǼ䣬̫еһ޹ԼϮֵķâռʱǾֹһ㣬ϯ
գӦûӵĻħԳս֮ħ񣡡̫İᣬȴ̲ס뵽
ѵûѵһ̫ӦУ
ףȻû£𣡺~ɷҲħԳʱŭˣ
ס֡
ͣ£
һԣ

ӻ

һһԪᣡ
ħԳʲô裬ǸľȻȥ
һף⾿ô£ȻͻħԳսôã
ϣǺεȴڣȻ֣λħԳ򣡡
ԽԽ̫ƽˡ
ħԳƾѵĻħ񣬶˲˼һĻֱ߸ǵ롣
Ҫ֪ħԳɲǼ򵥵ĽɫײСꡢ߱ɱǿĲ˼飡
һһ̫ͻħԳʼ˺ܾõĽ֣̫ûʣҲ
ħԳͶ͸ɣ̫û취
ڣ
ħԳ籩ϮһԪᣬͣˣǻħҲ֪۰
Ƶ̫ޱƣ룻ĺӣħԳҲǺӣֲ㱻̹һΪģ㣡ֲĺǱѹǵӣ
ȥչսʹģػҪһսߣ
ৣ
˲䣬ħԳʧˣô̸̫еɣ
˭˭ң̫ʴ
ˣɣ̫һֻ

һĻܶħӦˣע̫ĸ·ó̽˳
̫ûֵǣâħԳһԪĹøˣͬҲøˣȥԵϲˣ
ֱԪ̫̽âʱŷ֣仯ӿʼУֻǲԣֱâı仯ԽԽˡ
ͬʱ̫ףâһЩ򹥻߻֮صϴ񣬶ԼӦϲĺô
Ҳ̫ᶨƵĸȥԭ֪̹Ŵ󣬽ս·ħҪ׷ϳ
Լâ仯ĸ죬Ҳܼ֤һԼ˺ܾõӴʷʫ档
⣬ΪࡱԼ̹Ŵܸ𰸣
ֱĳһ죡
¡¡
ˣ
̹ϡֿ֮֮˵ǣ
˱Դǧħʮǧٻ飬һ硭
һٺῪٵأǧħʮǧ飬ΪƷƷƷ
˵ǣۣ
ʱգκһԣ
̹ƥ򣡶ң
ɷҲ

ʱһŭ𣬴ӻ˷˵ǣ˭ܲˣȥսʮȥսȥƴһ
ֻһ鼤Ĳ
̫ĿϲĿе̹ţ͸ƲɵȻһǰ



6 Ե
̹Ŵǣ˵ĳӣһ֮ۡ
飬޲оһĵָǰ
ӱӲˣֻȥսӮѴ˳ӣӴ޼ң磬ǰ·һ·̹;
ˣ̹Ŵ˵ΪٵصļƷıԴ¿ء
Ǳ޿ɱעĽ֣ûѡ

Ҳ˵û飬̫ûܵǣȥȥȫ뷨
ҲǴ˿̣
̫ŸоԼǶôˣԼâǶô졣
̹Ŵ񣬶˳ӵȻԼκô
ҲǴʱ̫Ĵֽ˺ܶࡣ
ԭǻԪ飬ĻâȻǱԴԪ飬ҡҡ
Ӵ̫֪
ںδУʱ򣬺飬֡ʱĻʱǱҵġ
ǲܵġ
ʱӦ飬ѹ磬Ӷʹû粻ٱŰ
ΪԪâΪĵӡǰ̫ˡ
ʱռδҲҲ˵
ڸεģΪƫƫ̫ԴԪϣ
Ǵ˿̵̫˽飡
ҲΪΣֻ̫ӡȴûз򴫳еԭ
Ҳ̫ΪԴԪ飬ȴûԭ
ΪĻ飬ˣҲΪ̫ڻûκΣյԭ
Ц˵綼ǻѹģıԴԪΣգԼһܵΣգҲܻ
˵ͻ𣬵ǴԴԸģ˺Դ
˵򱾾߷򣬺ʹǱȲϣΪֳǿԵġ
˵ֳԼĵܻܵҪ֪ҪǻˣԴ˽ǵһ߷
Ҳ߷˵ǣûõԭƽָ˭
⻹һ㣬߷ÿһÿһ
ǿ󣬲ǿƿز顣
һǿ󣬲ǿ۲
ȴСʼ飬̹55٣ڵĿٵأȡ
Ҳǿȴѹ顣
ңȻв
ǵǴӶ̫Ҳ̫
ͬȴСʼֻеٻۣԹŻӶ
ˣǻ硢𡢴죬һͬ㣬Դ֮²ǵ
´̹ţҲΪ˿Ȼ䡣
Ψѹ硢磬ûкĲ
ⲹν̫ˣ̫ʱƿĴڣ
ֱ˿̣̫ף֮ǰĥ΢
Сʼ˵ȷʺһ
󣬻ԴľữΪأҲǺġΪһֱѹĻ齫š
˵ۻǲˣķ򴫳н¸̫ҪԼˡ
ֻӡ
߷ӡǴﵽΪܿöģκΪԪô
̰Ĳ㰡
̫еơ
֪Ҫõķ򴫳УƺͶǴӻԪɿʼġ
ԪǸĿʼ̫ҪõĴǴӻԪɿʼ
ƣ
̾һ󣬺ôֿˣ
º鶼ûС
ٵǵħһʦأҸ
ħɲǲˣЩһж⣬Ҳ˵ξͲΪ
ֻͶ˵ħΪܶ༶أ
ںĳ󣬵ǻεģûеһµģɵģѹ̹־ܲˡ
̫ΪĴڣҲڻκнΪ
ûģħǸأΪʦ
ҴĻħҲûлԪɣ׼ʥ֮µĹ
˵̹ңǿе㷨򴫳жѣеͶ˵ʺ
ڳħǣҸ
˵̹־۲ɢǵѹƣħڿȷ棬ǿ졣
ʱ塢Ů洡ơڤӵȴǵھٵǣʮĩʮһٳΣʱˣԴ˵δţȻ蹦Իξʹޡ
̹ź塢ʮףΪ˲ǣӡǺ̹衣

ΪʮΪԲڿھٳ֣ʮϵԲ
ֻҪǰ֤Ĵ޵ǴʱĵΪ޵ĹϽ֮ڡ
Ÿٺ飬֤Ĵ޵޵ܵĹϽ
̫ǰļ䡭
ƺٵǣٻεħкܶΪ֤ô޵ġ
źǣƣٺȫ군ˡ
ʣµĺϵüܵ˻У޲TΪħ
Ļƺûˣ
˽ģһﲻƻңǿӲˣΪлͷֻܰһ
ǲռؾԴˣô
ԣھٿʼޡԣһʮ١ħ֮һ
µʮһٳɽ塢ۿ̫һڤӡʮ׵ȵȣһţƵĲˣΪԼΰⲻ֪ͺһţǶ군ˣֵ



7 Ŀʼ
ʱһٵʱڻ˵΢
̫ԽǿģԽǸе˴ıҡ
̫ûǣֻбܵĻ飬ƺ˴
ǣû̹ţѾһЩеΣյˡ
ЩĲ⣬Ǵǰ̫ʱ
֮ǰܶλ䲻ֱۣһʱ󣬻µ顣
˿̲һˣƺǣ֮ЩĲ⣬ŻķŶȥ
̫ϲĻЩȥ֮أ̹Ŵ֮أȻ߷컯Щ⡣
˷̫Ҳͼӿֻ࣬ҪЩ⣬һ̹ܵŴ֮ء
ʱĻȫˣ̹ŴĻħǣѾʼ˺̹Ŵս

̹ţ˻ħȪȴȣ߸ϣ㲻ݡħȪŭ
ȪΪȪħΪﵽ˻Ԫ޼Բ
ϣţ̹Ŵΰ˫ʮǧɣΪһԪԲ
ϸ۲֣ᷢħǿǰʮλоǧŰپʮɡ
ǰʮλĻħǿʮ֮ߣտʼü̫ʱžǧŰپʮɣǰʮĶѾħ֮ߴʮɡ
üΪԪ޽ԲԪ޼޽ɻһĤ
ڵлڵΪ
٣ǽѣҲǻᡣ
Ϊ׵ǰʮλħ˳ĳɳ
˵ǰʮĻħ񣬾ǰ49Ļħ񣬼һɫΪﵽ˻Ԫ޼ɺڡ
̹Ŵڳħ񿴲κεΪúܶħܽ
ΨȪħǡ緢ɣĵһ֡
⻹ԭ򣬵̹Ŵħͻ飬ܴ̹ŴϣеһҪɵĿ
ޱǿң
ƺֻҪǾ֤ôӶ಻
36ƷĴ취֮Щħ˵еɮⶼջ
ȣ
Ȫ죬һ
ȪжһĻɫ죬ǻȪħİ鱦鱦Ȫ죡
ߣ
ֻ̹Ŵмһߣз۳һĪľ޸У
ôܣ
ܶħʱ̹ŴеĿ츫õ
Ǵеļлļء
ֻǴ벻ƿأ
ÿ̹ŴûȫԸ̹Ŵ̤ͷ컯ֳֿ츫ȫԸʱ򣬲֪ħ᲻



Ȫ̹Ŵʱֻ֣һյĸӰϮǰĻȪӦ飡
ֻǱ赲һ£˻Ȫ죬ڣȪϮ
һγ֣̹Ŵνһضû
䣡
ʱһεķ籩ϯȥ

Ȫ˵һλǰʮ嶥ħĻ
ֻʱ¡䣬޾콵Ѫ꣬ǴΪȪ
ϾЩħǴĸһ
ã̹̫ǿˣλѲʱˣ
ȫԸ
սɣ

ʱĴսʼˣ飬ռҡ
ŴսĲϽУ̹Ŵֶοʼˣ˫츫սˣͷ컯˷ȡսħͻĲ⣡
㲻𣿡
һ̾Ϣüҵս̫ѺܶౣֶΡ
κΣ
ۣ
ǣվǶ㲻˰
һߡ
ڸϵֳ̫ʱǰһĻˣݵս
̹ŴŲȻͷ컯ֳֿ츫޾ħĹٷ֮赲⣡
еĿ츫ӳ츫Ӱÿһл
컯һոÿÿ䣬䲻ⶼᱻȡ
䣡



̹ţ㲻ݣ
źŲʣźƻ磬źȴսڸǣ

̫ս֮⣡૵ûǵĻĿʼҲͦȸеģ˰
̹Ŵп츫Ĺ⣬ʣħ򹥻ӭȥ
ʱϴмƻõġ
ЩӡǸۣҲܼ¼Щƣܺܶ಻ȫġ
̫֪ڿŲզģ󣬶Լκ
Ҳǿ飬ɼ
սϡ
תһԪȥˣ֮ǰһУøĶˣȻдԶĻ飬ȴ˺ܶ࣡
սħͻ飬ͬʣĲˣ
̫һȥڻ̹Ŵսһģλ
ȫǺպģ
𣡡
䣡
Ȼ̫еһϤŭ
ֻһԳ츫鿪
⡭ǡǻħԳӻȻû³ķˣ
̫𾪵Ŀսò˵еˣҲе㱯
Ȳˣ̹ŴЦ
ȫ֣
ʮɷ𣡡
Ƕ𣡡



8 ǧħһ棡
ʱĳ֣̹ŴԴսһأ
̫ȴ˷ܵĲˣڿˣ
ʮɷǶ󲢷ǿУǻʮɷħǳħ񴫳ж
ֻ컯أ̹Űʮɷ󴫸ʮס
ʮ׵ĵҲͬ˿ɷҲӦ˶Ϊѹɷ˵嶼
ֱսʱԲɷѾпޣʮûôˣдһ
ǳħ̹նɱݻɺǧǳ
365춷ΪҪǳħԴ壬̹Ŵۣ֮

ֻʮɷɵȻﵽ˻ԪڵĲΡ
ǶͬҲﵽ˻ԪڵĲΡ
¡¡
ʱ类ǿöÿɢķ֮ƿɾһС硣
ϴǰĴս̫СĳͣǽںС磡
СĻƬȴ˽еĺܶؾνĸ춴Ҳγɵġ
ˣдħʬ壬дķƬսúԶЩħͷƬҲǿĺܶ鱦
С̹ΪҲһеѹ
ʣĻħƺϣкʹѹ׵ľС
һʱ䣬ΪؼҲ˾֮սʼˡ
̹ŴµĻھĹʼﵽ˼޵ıԵ
ֻʮħǶħ۵Ĺǿ̹Ϯȥ
ʱ̹һأƺ¾ϡ
ֻ̹žȻ˷лȴӶп츫ʮħǶħȥ
䣡


һʱ䣬󷨵ĹײһƺӦ˶飬ˡ
ʮħ񣬱̹Źħ
ƿǶħһƬʮǶħ˰˳ɣ
Ļ
ֻƬҶƬ죬ȥҲǺģ
~켺ӻ죺䡢ơаˡ򷨲֡
~ɫ죺⡢ľаˡ򷨲֡
Ϸ~죺ߵСаˡ򷨲֡
~ɫƽ죺뵡ؽаˡ򷨲֡
~죺Ǭաаˡ򷨲֡
һΪΪ󶦣ҲǿǬ컯
ڷ޾;Уײ߱ɱħϣҲʧˣҲǴ˺Ķ߱ɱ߱ǹ
⣬źֳ飬飬飬ʣĻȣΪ֪ĺͼ顢ɽͼȵ鱦
һĻ̫ϲüҡ
ΪӣǺ˵Ŀš
ӦУͬӦС
ľ֮ԴӻΪ컯˵ûԴ࣬ʮƷƣΪ컨źҶΪ֡
֮ԴӻΪ½õˣ˼Ϊ
֮ԴӻΪҵڤİ
ˮ֮ԴӻΪˮħ޲Tõ󣬼ԼΪ
лһΪ֮ԴԴ𣬿޴ӼأӦ˵ĺأֱˡ
е㲻һֻӣȻײ˾ħĲ
ħİ鱦̨Ƭƺյǣͻӽˣ˴뾻ħĲͱԴ
ۿӼд˽Ҫܣʱ̫ۺˣȻû취ӣȻӭȥ
ͬʱڿ񺰣ϣӺƶԵ
Ȼûãд˽Ļײһº󣬲ûиıӵй켣Ȼй˽ˡ
ҺԼûã̹Ŵ񰡿쿪ɣ
շй̫꣬𾪵һĻˣ
Ȼ˵ˣʱ죬ʱ
ֻʱ̹еĿ츫ʱâ˸һ˵Ϣ
ٵأ
ã
ֻһʣ²һٵĻħУɲǼ䣬һ롣
̹ڷӳȫˡ
Ǵʼӳˣ
ŵ޾ѪʹıΪkǿħ񱯰
޲ֳ߹Ի硢ԺġǶôҪԴΪ֮˱֪
ɵ˵̫ˣ˭뵽Լһ仰ôã
ĸӰ
¡¡
쳹أ
Ϊ֮飬ڶһֱʮҴĻħͻ飬һҴ棡
ֻ²ԪǿŭȻһжı䲻ˣ
ħĲһһ컯ȡ컯˲ɢ޾ʥĹâ
̫һʱסˣÿһӰⲻǻ
ǻ𵽼
ֱ̹ŴʮŸ󣬻һΪ


9 ֮գ
ֱ̹ŴʮŸ󣬻һΪ
ؾǺģ
ʱ̫Ԫâѣ
İˣ
˿̵ĺģ޾Ļ֮ŰĻ籩ϯһĴء
ȣ֮𣡡
ֻ̹Ŵһ
ۿҪϣʱǣֳŻŲȻ³
һֵ̣֮쾡¡
Ҫ֪Ϊ磬νĴǧ֮㣬˭֪
̫߼ʣҵڵߣ
ɲǣ㣡
ոһɣպһɣ֪ãոֵ㣬̫𽥷ֻԻݡ
һһ
޾תţ˿̵̫ĪĽ˶״̬صı仯
֪ã̫ˡ
˿̵ģѾĳͣ
̹ͷ컯һâ߿գ
ʱ
һѰ켣ɫ磬ڤڤж컯ϣ컯޾ˣһص컯Ϸ

컯ˣǴݣʹӦ˶飡
ֻ컯ʱʮɫ壡
ʥ֮ǱԴԪ飿
̫ˣǽ飬޲ռΪеĺڤڤȴΪӦóƺΪԴԪ飡
ʮǻǧħʮǧĲ⣬컯ȡ󣬾ɫںϴģԴԪ顣
⡱͡Ԫ顱صĲָ࣬ǷƬԪĲǷıԴҲ˵벻Ԫںϵʱ򣬾ǳԽʱ򣬽ϸ˵
֮ʮ壬ȥ߷ʵ޴ڣػ֮ʯƿأ
ֻʮԴԪˣΪĵ˺޾񷣬Դ˳ӡ
ҲǽԭֻǴ˿̴ƿأ˺ճͣδ
ۺ˺ͺ󣬽Ҫȥ
ʱ
ֻһؾ޴ġۡˣ
Ǵ֮𣿡
ڿݱ̫һ
ֻһâ˺˺ϡ
ʱ䡭˺һǣ
ǴԴΪµһ֮
ֻһǣ49ɫ壡νʥ˳ʥ֮
֮ǰʮΪԴԪ顱ΪԴۣ
̫ˣԭܴĺ
ֲأ˵ǧħʮǧٻôǿۺıԴԪ飬ÿһˮ׼Ҫǳʥ֮ʥ˻찡
ԭʥ֮Ǳ߽ϻΪʮŵ
ԲԭǴĹֹ̫Ȼһ֮߷ۣԭˡǡ
ֻ49
ΪʮǧټƷ鱦Ĳ⣻
Ϊһ˰Ʒ鱦Ĳ⣻
ΪǧƷ鱦Ĳ⣻
Ϊʮż鱦Ĳ⣻
Ϊż⣻
ʣĲ⣬ÿһķӡ
ʣµĵֻΪļƷƷƷƷ֮⣡
ںλʥ˵ĺ컯󣬴뱻õ컯ˣһзӡȡã
ѣΪǿ˵컯󣬴鱦гȡ⣬ٽϳɺʬɵǿ
츫컯鱦С
Ĳ⣬߷Ĳ⣬ʣ鱦ȣǿ
̫鱦ͽʥ˵
ò˵гɾ͸УܳԼû֪Ѻ󣬸Ǳڵһ˿©º뷨
ʱ֮һϹ츫츫ըѣΪϼ⣬ֻΪ֮ȥ
ϼΪ츫һΪ̫ͼһΪ̹ᦣһΪӡ
ֻ̹һɨһɻʵǻ紦˲ǵֱƿ
̫ͼһһų磬֧ؼ䡣
̹һӣ֣ˮư̹Ϊš
컯ڴ˿ܷȥ
һĻ̫
ԭٵأǴ̹Ūã̫ȵ
û꣡
Щ󣬴֮
ɣ컯ѵҪң
Ȼ
ˣ
ۣ̫֮һᣬƺڿǣ̫ж֮ʧˣ

̫ĪĸоԼâģղĺܿ죬ŵĲˣ
Ǳ𣿡
ǣұϣ͸ôڣûҪҽ̫ɶģ
̫˼˺ܾã
һ𣡡
һת̫ˣ
̹Ŵ㡭
ƵѼɣΪ죬
̹Ż˵̹Ŵ̫Ǻܾηġ
˵ǰľѾ߸룬𾴵Ļһ
̹Ϊ촴ǴʹԱԼˣβǶ̹žηԴأ


10 ̹ŶԻ

̫ݴУ֪ԼϻԪ
ƺԼ治Ӧ̫ãǻôϵĵţ
֮Ľѵв̹Ŵ죬ȴĽ̫ļ
Ľᣬʹ˺ᱻ޾ηγĽ
̫֪̹Ŵ񽫻Щ飬ΪΪ̹ȻҲ֪
ĳֺͰţ̫ˣûкС˵̹ŴΪ֤⻹дȵƣ
ȴˣ˴ۣдʹҲһֳ治̹̫࣡Ļƺеο
ʴ񡭡
̫е
˵޷
̫ʵʴһпж
֪֮ǽĶ
̫һǰһ֮ΪΣضΣ

̹ŷЦѿ֪
ʱ֮֮ڣ棬಻𣿵ǡ̫صȴ̾Ϣ𣿡
̫֪ľԼһСۣԼ
赣ģΪ߷Ԫ飬ںֻдˣֻԵ֮ڶϲǿΪѣᣬڵѵĴǸеο
ΪΣ
̹ŴĻش̫Ǹ˵ģŽԼ޾
пԹĴԴεȴڣǻûµĶ
˵˽Լ޵ˣ
԰̫оԣ
֪ǸȵѵõʱֻԪ֮ǣǴԪ飬Ĩ֮ǣԪȻԪ飬Ѻδ棿

԰
̫һ
룺ˣԼֻԪǣδõкҪԼǿȻǱǣ˵ԴԪ鲻𣬵ĨǺԪȻԪ飬ԼͲԼˣ
ܺƣ̫ˣ
Ҳ˵Լõлκ󣬽ӵԪ񣬶ԪӡԼԪΪĲο
ԼҪ˸ɵˣԼҲ군ˣ
˵ԪҵһǣҲԪҸµġǡ
뵽⣬̫̾վǿԼʵ
ԼļѾǶһ޶ˣһ޶һ
ڻУԼûõУҲûеԪ񣬸ûлΣԼһеĹͻеΣգ
κͲһˣǽĴкԪҲԼʱǿĿʼҲԼƴʱ
ôǣʲôƲ棬СӿɸģЩԼôֻҪǺŸɣǲԼģ
˵ͬΪһĺôĺô
ҪԼʱ򣬿ܻҪʴУ
лָ㣬ˣ
׾ͺãߵ㣬֮ҲҲ˻硢ˡ֮Ҳ
̹Ŵ˵ֵѣʱ䲻ˣ֪ѻкҪʣ
ûˣһ̰ɣ
̫ûʲôҪʵģڴĺ塢ʲôģ̫֪ǵȷǴҲҪǵѡˡ
Ǽ̳дĽǺЭΪۻ
뵽⣬̫е㱯ǵһͶ𰡣
Ҫ̹Ŵţ嵱ۻ
ǴΪĺͲһˣ
𰡣˵ҪҲˣҲûˣҲûй˼ˡҪкᣬҲᱻָʹȻĽĺôվɣվо
ҵüģҵĺĽûźˣȻ
̫һμᶨ
ʱţʮŸԪĳ죬سˣ
ѣȥҲ
̹Ŵһ

س׶̹ͣŴʼ
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ͷͺ룬ҲϵǣƤͺë˲ݵľأݺ͹Ľͼʯ䱦ϵĺˮҲ¶͸ء׵Ϊɽ
һϸ˵
ؼ䣬˿ˮֱֱǴ֮ʹ֮ߵʱ̵ˡ
壬һһɹ֮Ͽ֮һɹºĳ֮籦·ʱһһ
ʮ׷ɹ֮֮໯ɵ̹ŵûصףԺ޾ʱｫҪѹɷ˺ɴͱˡ
ɹ֮ɹˮûĸأʧ
һɹ֮֮Ϊߣȴûзߣ
޾Ĺº̫֮ۺ죡
֮Դѹ磬ȴһ²̫Ǽˣȫ֮ǰԴ֮µҪ
˵ꡭ


11 
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һӷ϶̫Ϯ̫ʱŷ֣ԭһɢŵȨȡ
ֻȨ̫ߺ̫ʱоһֹĸо
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ɲǼ䣬̫ˣǻһۣûлԭˮ׼ҲĲΣ
ǰ˵ģѹӦ飬ںѿѾҪѹˡ
лڣȴòԪ飬Ҳ̫
ֻöñԴ֮۳ʱ֮ȣ̫İ
ͬʱһâѸٵĺ̫ںˣ
Ҳһ˲䣬̫ʱӴļ䣬Ĵʧȥʶ
˵˲䣬̫Ѿ˺ܾˣҸʧȥʶ
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̫ʧȥʶڵĿռʱѿһâʱ֮ţ
ʱ֮ſʧȥʶ̫˲䱻ʱ֮Ĺâɣ
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⣺һ̺ɫâһڴл־ĺâһɫ־İɫâʱ֮ţ
̫֪ǡֵܡ硢졢˶չ˺ڴ
ȵ٣̫κ󣬲֪λֵܷĺô
׵ݸߵĺô
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ֱʱʱ֮ŲĹرգʱ֮֮ϣĵġ̫磡
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ħĲԪڿسƽغ󣬲ʵޱȵķŭ
ֻһĿģƻⷽأ»Ϊ磡
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ʱ֮ŻתΪŨʱҲʱ
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˿̵ĺһ飬Ԫһ֮Ǭ֮֮ȵδصһħδǣأ
ǧǧħԹɷҲۡ


12 ѣ
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Ũл֮δȫת䡣
Χ֮ɽ߲֪Σ
̫ŨΪǳΪĺɳ
Ĵٲ澰Ŀ
ɽ֮Уһеľ͵ԲΣһļƯƶ֮ϣ磬ãһɲ⣬ȴְ͵գ
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һĺУֻһ޴İɫɢŵ⣡
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˵⹦˭ľ˭ģˣʹ
ֱǲܣ


13 ɵ˭أ
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ҪԵˣٺãҲҪòУûǿʵЩֻǴǱҩ
һ£˿̵̫ӵԪҲӵ˽Ŀܣ
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ʱеĻ֮᳹תΪѹƣ̹ŵѹҲҲ˵Һħһܵϣ
뵽⣬̫е㲻ƽ
ұȻħҪ磬ھȻһħһˣò˵ˣǧħ񣬻ŵĶûˣѾˣ
뵽֮ǰĻս̫ڶид
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ҲΪ޵֮ˣǳԼĴޱȵͶ룬ޱȵĿ
˵׻һɫϲXXһָо޷Աġ
Ժܶ޵֮ˣֻеʲôҪһ㶼Ҫ
ǿոͽܣΪԼ²УǱģҪͽܳ档Ͼܶ鶼ҪΪܵӰ
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ǲŪд˵ģ֮ߣĲ⣬һУ̳йܺܲ
ɵ˭أ
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Ų޶˸ɵ飡
Ļ̫ԼԭԼ
ںģȴһδ꣬˭뿴ԼϤ飬ԼϤ·вǰ
ҪǶˣ̫δʧҲԼΪԽ
˵޵޵ޱ
˵ˣû˵ĲΣ޶˺ʵ˺ܲǵΪ
˿̵̫ͲڻˣԪˣ֮黹ǲ֮飬ԼԪɲ֮ǰԪˣ
˸ɵԼԪ
Ԫ黹ǲԪ飬̫Ͳ̫ˣ
뵽⣬̫еЩѹδʵ˵̫һνУ



14 ⡢򡢱Դ
ţɲεԪΪˣ֪ˣ
̫һʱԪѾﵽɵĲ㼶˵ʽɵĲΣֻǶԱȴ˿̵ĺ˵ԪĿԣ
Ԫ壬˿ԪҪǲϵĺͲϣϵĶܸǿ󣬴Ϊ硣ΪƶΪȴǷ
硢Ϊȱһɣ
籾ޣΪϲ򾳽磬Ϊ󣬶еˮˣеˮȴȷҪΪǷ
Ҵ˿̵ľɺڣΪͷȴǸղɳڣǽǲϲ򾳽磬˳ܷΪߣһΣӶʱ䣡
ϸ˵˿̵̫ǲƷḶ́ΪӰƳʵΪķ򣬶Ƿ⣡
⣬Ƿһϸ֣ҲԳƺƬϾ׼ʥǲĿʼ׼ʥ֮νʵƷƬ
ͷƬںϣͨƬԲôԲۡҡ䣬̫ԲķҲд޵
˵вɣʵǺͷΪһˣԲ𣬱Ͼһֱڲ
֮Ḷ́׼ʥ̡
ֱ͸ҲǷʥΪԪ޽ɣԪҲơԴԲ˼򵥽;ǷԲҺһǵң
ѣֺ
ʥ˵ĳʥ֮ʵһֻǲҪ͸ͿԽöѡôأȻǺΪţΪ
ʥ˳ΪʥˣǻԪ޽ɣ½õǿ󣬵û˽Ŀˣ޾²Լ·
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ͺñȺȥǷѣʬ֮һݾ
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ԲԲͬĲΣܴﵽΪǽȻͬġ
ǣ̫ħһ
̫з⣬ķԪ飡
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Ҳ˵˵˻Ԫ޽ɣҪ׻Ԫ޼Ҫ취Դ׼ʥʱһԴȷһΡ
ΪԴԴǷ֮ʼ֮ԴȪҲƷԪ飡
ϵһΪԴһ֣ӶԴǽݾ˭ֻкһˡ
̫ͲһˣĺԪ飬ǷԴġԪĹ̾ǻԪ޼ɣƿ˾ǻԪΪԪں˾ǻԪΪ߷֮
һԼѰҳ·һֻҪȥ߶Ա಻˵򵥣رĲ࣡
˵̫Զˣڵ̫أĺˣ
ԲɣǷԼıԴ
ܽǣ֮飬֮Ʊ֮Դ
ƿأѣٲƿأٳѣֱоɳѣ
Ҳֱ˿̣̫ԼҪߵ··һ˳֪˸ߣˣ
顢飬ҵȷкܴơ˺ҪƱøƣֻһ·ǰԶ飡
ᶨĿ̫꣬һͶƷƲУ
һʱ򣬾Ҫεʱ
ʲôԴ̫˿̲롣
봴ܴġ
ڵֻ̫ڸŷƲѧϰûѧߣܣЦ
һ磬ܣ
޵Ϊʦָÿ˶Լĵޱ˹ʱ򣬾עһ£
עԶﲻ˹ĲΣ
СߵĽݾݾ߰ݾߵͷǺڵʱ
ͽܳԽʦģû



15 Σ
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ٵݱ䣬˿̵ĺģ֮תΪŨĳ̶ȣֱ˷ָ
һٺˣܻĲȣޣ
꣬ܣһ̣أ
ĴܣĲóı̬ȣֻ֪ȡȴûһ˿رأʵڲã
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˿̵ĺģĳصϢʼԼĳ֣һľһݡһʯͷһ֮һɽһˮһޡһȵȣʼǣ
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ܺ𾪣̫۾
صΣڻˣӵСˡ
βϲ֮ǰûܣ
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ǳͱԴģˮɵݱ䡣
̫ûбŤĻһò϶кϣ
Ϊ廳Դ⣿
ɺڵľ磬ɳ۷Ϊܲһɵ쿪칦»ʣһ룬칦µۣ嶼нɵĲεʵˣ
̫һ¾󣬺⣡
ΪǴ˿̺ĵ۷ɣҲΪ̫뵽


16 裡
̫Ϊ˶ƣɲΣ˾⣬ΪͷΪ֮֮һ
۵Ŀʼ֮Ʒ⣬ҲǴ˺̫ҽԪ޽۶̣
˿̫ԪоԪ۶֮ࡣġֻΪͷ
Ϊͷˣܴ߶磬ҲҪ߻Ϊݣ
ҪԲҪ۳ʵʵ֮֮Բʼתˮ֮ʱ򣬾̫ҽɵʱ
˺ˮľľ𣬻ԲΪ̫ҽԲ
ԲʼΪ޽ɡΪ컨ػԲ޵
ҲƷŵȣǻʮƷΪԲʮƷ޿ܡ
ֻƷԪ޽ɣǴܴﵽ߲ˣ
ƷģԪɣ׼ʥ͵ˣҪԪ޽ǲܵġ
Ʒ޽ɵΪ޵᲻һԪɣƺ׼ʥ
˵ӽɿʼɵ㣡
ɡ̫ҡޣעػۣ۵Խ࣬ƷԽߣδĳɾҲԽ
۾Ǿ硢Ϊĸߵ͡
ֻоߣܿʮƷн޵Ŀܣ
÷˵˿̵ħˣʱĺŨ㣬ҲΪĶħǴûڻƷġ
һУһʮƷ
񣬾ܴΪǿΪͷˣȻܲߵľ磬ศɣ
̫ҪľŨԪתΪ֮ý֮Բ
ҲʡµĽݾҵһЩɵ֮գΪ׳
Ҫ̫Ѱˣ
Ȼ
Щ֮ǰҪúÿĵغδӺʶȣɲ֣أ
ʮСǶ鱦ΣƷ鱦ĲΣƷƷ鱦ĲΣʮƷİȻ44ֹ鱦жڶˡ
ʮС̫ˣ
֮ǰʱͿˣ֪Ʒһû뵽֣ⷢ
44ֹǶˣ48ֹļƷ鱦ǲˣǻӲſɴﵽĲΣҲˡ
̫ʮƷʣµľŶɳʣµľŶܵѹƣٳɳ
յˣò˵̫ˣĶʮƷľаռ䣬ʺ鱦Լ챦
ˣʱ̣֮һܣֻûоá
ʤʱ̵֮ڲռ󣬻ʱ䡢ռȷ
ʱ٣ռֹȣ
ʱ̡֮Ϊ̫İҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
ʱ̣̫֮36ֹΪ۷ˣҪҪΪˡ
̫34ֹ32ﵽ˽ɾ
ʱ֮Ϊ̫죡

ˮֲÿ̫鿴꾻к𺳡
ˮɫԽˮһԪˮϢĴڣôࣿ
ǽΪһܵĵ̰
Ҵﵽ̫ҽɵΪΪ֮ˮ֮ˣоˮܿ죡
ֻҪΪԲܺܿվˮӶˮ֮Բֿȱһˣô߼֮ˮǴ˿̵ĺУıɣ
һˮϸ˵Ҫ
꾻̫⣡
һƬƳڽ£̫ʼž鿴
ףǻ裿̫ʱϲˣ
ѵ˾ѻ趼ˣ̫ƺ뵽Լ˵ƶԵһĻ
ǻˣǿﵽ˼ƷĲΣԭк˺ܶࡣ
̫Ѿˡ
ף
ˮƷ裡ҪҪһԣ
̫뵽󣬾Ϳʼжˡ
һ۵ʯֻ˼£ֻһһˣ
ˮſ³һ𣬲һˮˣһᣬ̫˲У
ʱһ㿪ʼһڶоƮƮɣ
ţоܲ
ף羹Ȼɶ
̫Чֻû뵽ôˣ
̫Уֱ̫
ţ羹Ȼﵽ˽ɶ壬Ϊﵽ˽ڣЧҲ̫˰ɣ̫̾
۲һŵ֪迪һνҶֻ49Ƭȴٵʱ䣬49ƬЧΪ죡
˺裬ÿŸԪŻ³49ƬҶνĻ٣
ν



17 
̫ھһȦ󣬿ʼΧȥֻ̨ͤ¥¥󡢲β䡢ɻָߵܡ
һɼҵ
ѵҲǴģ̫ܾϲ
ƴ۲һ£ڵĺ棬ǰΧһ԰
ϣҩġȡ
ǰǾ޴ĵĴ顰ʵ֣
ΧĽҪЩǰһ޴ƽ̨ƽ̨ľݸĴ£ƽ̨ȥԵ
̫ʵֻȫΪΪϣ
һƴ̫̽һ£ƴȻ鱦Ƕ鱦
⡭̫ݳ˰ɣ̫иˣȴ̲ס̾
ƴƯһ飬̫̽֡
ԭ̫ƿ֮飬רΪƵģһ̫е㼤ˣ
ӽ̽Ϣ֪
̫磬ľ޴⣬иĵ
ȻзԲ⡭⻹һ𣿼ֱһС簡
ˣ
ʱ̫ʧȥʶ󣬳˴ʱ̡֮¡ȣд硢Ĵ߷Ĵ裡
ֵܷףأ
޴⾫ĽԼ̫ŵرǴĴ裡
ڻ編ףֱ̫̥Ĥϣһת֮󷨡
Ҳ˵̫粻ҪպĵֱӴӻת֮
Ҳ̫磬Ũָԭ
Ҳ̫磬һ󷨣û̫빥̫磬Ǻǡ󷨵Ļɣ
ûԪ޼ɵΪ̫˺
˷ĴҲ죬̫类˷һ󷨣Ҳ˵֣̫ܽܲţֱѵĳ
޷ƿ̫磬˵ţţ
ʲôʲôɽҵĵ𣿿ǣ
̫һᣬ˽飬̫ĺģֻҪˣȫƿ̫磡
̫ߴȥӸߴ̫磬羰ޱȵֻ˵̫˲ľɽӵȣҲˣ
ҪУһԵ̫įˣ
̫뵽ҪҪ㻯ͯͯŮ
ˣһ̫ˣڵΪ̫ͣ㻯ͯͯŮǺǡǰǵǣǵıԴû¶ིҵ֪Ҳܸ̫һᣬ֮ӻҲˣ
ʱ̫磬ŨѾкܶ໨ľʯƣ˼򵥵ǣֻĵǻ磬뻯ξ͸Զˣ
ԣ˿̵̫ҪǽЩ΢ǵ飬кܴôģ
̫̫棬ȻҪ
ֻǡһ޶ûУ߷ûһԺҹֹ̫
̫ûмȥģǻ˽ǧʱ䣬һ̫硣

һǧˣʮ겻꣬ͻħʱƽԽԽࡣ
̫ƣٲڵʱʱĺĲǿ
˿һ飡
̫óĹ磬Ҳл
ǧ̫صʼ˶ʱãΪҪͻˣһ˼;̫׼Ϊ̫齲
ڽ󣬶ʱΪҲ޷ͻƣ̫ȥһºģ
˾̫ʼ˱չء
ҪܽһµǵĵͻҪĵʣʱһͨ
ݷȣ
Ҳ˳һ巽Ĺ
̫ͨĸڵ塣һǸʣ
κεʣеа񣬿ȡʣΪͨΪ
Щ̫ͨȫͨȡۣͨӶԼҲͨ
һֱ̬ɷļ֣
˵Ԫ񣬲ͨѪļˣ
ԪϣǴҽĻƽ
ңõձ˵ͨΪȣӶʹ粻ȣ
û£һУǱ˵ʣҲܸתΪ֮;ÿ£
תۣ޵ʱ䣡
һʱ˲ţ̫һЩݻԼεĵã
⣬̫ܽһ
Ǵӻ⡣ļ⣬СͨԼҪɷţ
νʲôУ
֮ǰڻбħ鹥ӶӡԴԪϸ΢͸У
̫е⣬ǳ󻹻ϸĸͨΪﵽһ󣬻
ţԽˣΪ̫鲼ʩ컯


18 ϣ
̫ǰֻ̫
ƮƮֳʱ֮ȣĳУԵ̫Ī⣬ƼǿϡԸ㡢޼᲻ݡƸǿƶءңѡǡӢ޵СȻ
̫֮òӡ̫ÿһ鶼Ӧ˲̫ͬ
̫Ϊ飬Ҳƴˣ
Ԫ嶼ˣϽ˽絮ǵ飬ܸӦ̫
ԲŻͬ
ʵÿ鿴Ĳ̫ǵĵ
̫нļӳ֣ʹ̫綼
˴˽̫̫ǣ֮Ͻ۴˽ǣݲǡ֮Ὣ⽲˵ὫһԪᣬὲ
ֻ̫Ļ̫硣
Щǵ飬־ϲ
һЩľҡҷ֦Ҷ׷̫ݵľٶ
˵̫ƣƵЩǣǺܸĻᣡ
⣬ߣһһʯһߣеٮٮߣѾǣ̫Ҫʱʯᶶ񳯰̫ɢâ˹â۳һӰ̫ݣ
̫ʱֻ̫ƻƮ˹۳һΣ
ģ̫ģʵǶ̫ӣԾõġ
ڵֻЩǣģ£
̫ۿ̫磬ƣʯ⣡мʮҲǣֻûΣϲ
Σأ飬£᲻֪ǿԻ
ߣǣжоǣ춯ؾŮǣжŮĩ
֮Դ߾֮ܳ徲ؽϤ飬֮
ĺþǣ֮ǲԾģ塣ȻԲߣΪδΣδǲҲ
ǲ֮ߣڹģģΣΣԶ
߼Ψڿգۿգգռޣޣ޼ޣտȻţţ
Ȳ澲泣Ӧ泣ԣӦ徲ӡ徲ΪõõʵãΪΪõ֮ߣɵõ

һǽ꣡
һν̫Ҫǣ˵ǿǣ
ϸ󣬱ϸ֮мڴڼ䲻ɻΣΥ֮
̫˵꣬иı﷽ʽԪƿ̫磬̫Ȼ֪̫ĻӦ
ţã̫֪˵
ʾ֮
Щ鲻ɵ֪̫ΪǺá
Ľ̫Ҳ˵ˣ˴νҪǿǣ
һβ֮ͨ˴νǣһξܶЩΪζ׼
̫Щǲ飬ûӵһӻˡ
Ҫ˲˹ģǾѿˡ̫Ϊ˽ǲĲдƷֵģƤ
Ľ̫˲ˣܶûΣǺѾһϵˣ
̫ҲͨĽϵԼĵΪûô׽ȹ˲١
ȵȹڽ۷壬ΪҲȹڽڣ

ֱ̫ƴ۾
ָһ㣬ʱȥˣڶνҪʼˣ
߳ʵֻһһߵǰƽ̨ϣ
˿̵ƽ̨ϣ̫ǰĽѾнٵǵĲľɽʯ֮飬Ӱǰ
س֣һ֮õǰٸ޲ǳƺ鶼õϴӣ
̫һֻ֣һˮնΪˮϣ
Ч𣿺ף
ҲɵϽոֱŻѹ
Ȱݼү
ݼү
ݼү
үүһһ˲ޣһС֥ޣ֥޸ǣүү˵壡
үүүС֥ˣ
Ⱥ̫ܲԼŬûа׷ѣο
ǰֻơһʯһһߣм򵥵ǣԻᣬֻЩܣ
˿̣ύнʮˣԪĶˣ̫ܲˣ
̫еˡ
¶õ̫ȷܸˣ
ЩҲĵİݷûУ֪ڵĳɾ̫ģǵҲ̫ģ
̫ȥֻơʯۣ˵ȲʲôҲȲ϶񣬸ȲħߣӦþɵʵ
һ£˵κɵΪ
εڶὫ֮ãὲ
̫˵۾ĿʼĽ
®뵤ˮ֮ɳ棬ͥ£Ԫïң֮ΡΡ֮о΢ˮʡϲ˥гʿ£ӣر֮®֮еΣܾӾԳ֣լʿ筡ӣޣֺ˼ǣѾ裬˷ȥвβͬ٣䱾һ˭빲֮£ңһ±ϣ֮ʧҡʳ֥ϻӢͷ㵤ԡÿţζ֮ɳ棬𷳣Ա


19 £
һꡭ
̫۾ʱֻ黹ڴ֮У̫ûдţһ󷨣ܸ
ֱ󣬴ǳ˹
ΪߡģڸУ
̫ۣкܶͬ黹ûѣҲжֿʼ
ֱǧʣµˡ
ơʯ⣻̫֣һľ֮飬Ҳǰһź
ĽĽĿ飡
̫ͷ
ȿʣὫǧʱ䣡
̫˵꣬ݣлүʴȣ
ֻǣ̫˵󣬶ûпڣƺҵһʣ
ȻֻľʵүΪ뾫ǷҪΣ
̫ǰһкο
֮ǺΣ̫µʣϴŵ΢Ц
ֻ̫һЦ̫綼ø߲ͣʹâ֣
̫ʥˣȻûһһﶼͬУԳζǣ̫ⷽǴ˽ĵ
ᡭᣬҪҲͦãľĻش

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̫ףԼָֻȷ
ֵľԣһŴκбҪ
ȫûҪ
ںģܻΣաûεľ鱾壬ѵõƵرȡ֮
̫磬ûΣˡ
ľѡĵߵĸԶ
˵̫֪е֮ҪκſɾеȴҪľ顣εĺô뱾ܴһֱתһָתĸѵõĻ᣿ԭҪΡ
һǿΪ磬ĵʺ̫磬ɱӻȣںģ֮ѡ񽫻ķգаߡ̫齲һºĹأ
һм̫ˡ
̫˵ǳﾺ硣
ľ飬Σǿ󻹺ãСԭˣ
̫ΪӻǣȻ޸м
ľɼܱ֮ӻڶ֮ܲô̫ľ˵
ѵô˼飬̫Ҳ뿴ߵһ
ľ꣬Ǹжæлүͣлү
ĽĿľ飡
ǵĽûмʣڵ飬黹Ǻܴģ
ڴҲҪԶ˵˺һɱ¾սڡ̫ĶԹҽмǲǨŭ޹򣬶ö𣡡
仰ǡ¡¡ŵһֻ
һ룡Ҳһѵı漴͸ˣ
̫ûжžԵɱҲˡ
֪ŭȵȣҲ޵вɱģ¶Լ˹켣̫
Ƚүּ
ţ
̫ͷʣȿɻʣ
˵꣬ľĿͷʣ鶼ʼѯˣ
ү
޵עνⲻڣ֮עԣرķܵõ
үԡԱҵܷ
ɣ˵̫֮ڣǶȽʱ

׷װĲ֮ѯ̫̫Ϊһһ
ֱǧ̫ľľҰѶ֮Ƶмǣ޵֮Ĳɵ
ľʱˣ
Ҫ֪̫磬ŨĵطɽҲ̫飿ʥĵط̫ܲˣ
ϲľѣΪʯˣ׷ľϲ
ȫү񰮣ľ
ֻ̫һӣһ߽ɵĲƵ˵ǰƽ̨ϡ
̫ľ˺ڴ˴˳ﱾغţ
Ȼ̫˵Ҫš̫磬˭û̫ټɽҰ
үּľ
ţ̫ӻ֣Ҫ˵ɢ˰ɣȴƶĿ
̫һ룬ƶǡŮ֣ͦǺǣҳҲԣʯľˣƺ飡
ҲɣʯľɣȻκȡ̫˵һӣʱֻʣ飡
˺̫һʧˣ
һȴǴ̫磡
󣬱һν֮
ŵڶν̫ˡ
ٵһ֣̫粻鵮ǣЩ飬׷̫֮
ºܶ飬ÿᳯ̫һ̫ο
Աư̫磡ᶨҪúػ̫ᶨ

ʱţνʼˣ
̫ûϻֱӿ
ܳҾߣ䲻ܳ˽аܳ˽ֶӯ֮ѣ֮ɳãĪ֮أ̡ˣ֮ӪǱһרᣬԪӳ޴úΪſأΪƺĴ֪֮֮УΪѣףν¡


20 ң
˴νһԪᣬԲȿʣ̫ν󣬿Ľǧ飡
ǵνˣнǧǰǸտǵģΪôеǻ꺢ӵ̣
Ȼ˵ǧ鲻٣ԱӴ̫˵ٵĿԣ
ҪƽֿĻʮﶼûһ飬ɼ̫֮
Ҳɼʱĺĸݱ䵽ٳڣٵĺܣ
Ҳ̫񣬻֮ɢȥ磬Բ컯
պĵıô̫磬Ҳһյǵ飡
󡭡
ǧ飬ʼ̫̣̫һһ𣬵ȻشѾȥ꣡
̫󽫻ģǱ޵ʱҪгĽУ
Ƚүּݷ
ţ̫˵ͷʯ飬˵ˣ᲻ڵʱҪտô˽磬ǶԶȵĿ飬ĺãн
ôһ˵Ǹһᣡ
ৣʱǧĽĿ飡
үּе㼤ˣǱ̫ɵĿʼ
̫ͦģͽ̫û˼ʵĻհɣŽɵΪͽܸ
мǣȲִΪ۸Сƻ˽磡ȿɼס̫ʵ
ǣү
̫Ǵ˽죬Ȼ˵ɶɶ
ɢ˰ɣˣƺˣܲǡŤ£̫
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˲żΣ̫粻棬ûмȵвϣ˶ۣܴﵽˮɣѹסʱٻΣ˽Īĺô̫˵
һæͷʾ֪ˣ
⣬ʱҪãʵĵطȿס£ҲǵĽͰɣ
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ע⣬𾴷ͺãڱǰ뱾棬ԶҲ棡
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⣬еľˮȿһЩĪ˷ѡҪģҲûǵġǣﻳһŴȱģȴûȱģȣҲҪȣϣҪ֪ľ޵ҲǳĻر
˵еĳˣ
̫ӻɵħٵ죬֪ĺܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣡
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ɷϣ߶д׺ʹȱν˽ĺܣ̫ڤڤлرܻкô
رֻԸİ
Ƚүּ˿̫˵ĺĳȻ̫һƬͣҲ캦£
ȴ̫ǰ仰ĺϲ
̫ģôྻˮԼõõ£ֻҪ˷Ѿͺã
ˣȥɣˣ
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ɢȥ̫һ̾Ϣ
ǹ¶Ѿûǰ̬ˣҪҸ֪ĶѰҲãûִ
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ת۰
̫ˣ漴һ֣ɽشԵһĳ̨ףһֱȥ
̨׶ǰ̫̾ͣ·ȥ
ֻһͭģľţĿˡ
̫ŷ֣ԭ̫֮ͨأһɸɽɽɽƺնϣһ޴ƽ档
ɸɽһɵ֮ɽ
ԭ֮ΧǺһɽţϺ𣿡̫ƽָ̨һ㣬̫ͭſһµ̨ףʹɾɽ
ɽһԲʮĺģ
ɽ˵ƽ̨ϣһǧɵʯţ̫֡硱
Ե䣬̫ͨҲԵׯϣ
˵ͽңɡң̫磬ʵ̫⣡
̫ңֻһʯңǰءú˵ܸӦңν
˵˵Ȳ̫磬Ҳеɵ
ֻźǣһ飬ûǰ̫һ
̫Ҳûж룬ĶԼƽô
ңתһȦǷ˲ƵرһһϽѣ
̫ȻмûŹϽ˾ռȻʱھԱߣ˵Ʒܽ
˺̫ҵӣƷ鱦Ǵ˵죡
̫򵥵ļһ£ְУңҲҪ̫ҲƷ鱦ԾǼиеְɣ
˺һǧ̫꣬ݴ̫󣬼򵥵ĲһСе㶾
ݻ󷨣һת󷨣Χ
˸̫󣬲һװܹҲܶһЩҵ˵
󷨺̫߳ңʽʼ˺ĵ



21 ģ
ѹȻǿѡˣ
̫ƷɳңʱʱоһѹϯǴѹ̹ŵ־ѹ
ʵԣ̹Ҳ޵еĴڣߵѹСӣ
Ȼԣ
ѹĪѹãôһ١ѹǿΪʵҲǿ־
ѹĴ裡
̫ͺϲѹΪźܴĺôΪǿȣ
һħǣѹ̹־߹𣿡̫Ӧѹ󣬽ƻЦ
˭˳һǺǣ
ʵѹǴ̹Ź
ΪΣ
ѹΪǲܶʱڹǿ
֪ŵٳڣķҪ߸٣ٵһ̶ȴҪڰ٣
ûѹپͳħƾ賬ߵĸź츳ܿͻɳԼĳ̶ȡ
ôˣʱô죿
һȺԼħⲻǴҪģҲƽ
̹Ŵ˵ٽܴﵽ۷ٮٮߣܴﵽ̫ҽɵĲܣ̫˼
ôȶСĿ꣬һٽʱﵽ̫ҽɵΪҾһֱ飡˵ƺѣ
ȷѣ̫֪Ķ࣬ҲеĶ࣡ƣ
ҪǺ仯ĻһƸǿֻӻ̹ſ죬Ѿĺܲһˣ治֪᲻о޴ĳ룿
ˣȰԤɣʱ䲻żĹΪȥɽǣȻܶ鱦ûɣܹе˰ɣ̫Ѱļ䡣
ֹдˣѹˣν飬ûҵǿܵõ鱦ɣ
̫ûڳħǸûдأ
ԪһΣ̹ᦣͷȵȣ̹ܻӳ֮˵
֮Σа̫ͼȣ
Ǭ棬ǬΣṆ̀ǬǬȣǬߣװˣ
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ʱ飬дˣ˵̫˵㣬ر
ʲôʱ̫ܸǹأ
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ͨɱȫ󣬵õȫ
ʱЩδ磬̫ڼƻԼгأ
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˺𡭡̫Ц˺ȻȥѰˣҲռһȺõȷ
뵽⣬̫;Լδ˼ˣ
ʱ䣬ȥǿտٵĺ֮ơܾջЩطȥ˺٣ҵҪʶһ£
ţˣȥϲ
̫ƺ󣬿ʼȫСңĴ½Զ˽ʱ⣡
֪ĵж
Ȼڵ̫ΪҲټϱϾ廯Σһиרŷеĳ

ڵУϺĵѹȻҵΪȹˣҲкܴĺô뻹˼֮
̫̤ںĴϵʱ򣬲̾
ó̫֮磬˴ǿ̫֮ûôѹ֮Ҳ̫鵮Ǹԭɣ
̫һ·ϲ̫磬е볲Ҳеҵĺӣ
һ뵽˺ܶ࣬ΪԼ̫鵮ǣԼáڿõ˴
źǣһ·ϾȻûзһ飬湻ģ
̫һķУһε鶼û򵥣·һЩСвٵǵģǾ뻯βԶˣ¶
վںĴأ̧ۿȥڵĺһ
ʲôʮﶼû顣
⽫һ¶ó̰̫̾ˡ뵽Լȥɽ·ϣܻܹ¶֪ܲʮε飡
һ̫꣬Ȳߣ
ȻⲽУɲǷһһ·̫һһֶݷļʩչ
̫жһȣʱ֮ȣ
̫İҲؼغ޵֮·
һϮһֳȣòԼĪʮò죬һ߳ңӣ


22 ̫ƣ
ʱ֮Ȳڿ֮УҲھŴ֮С
̫ĶУ֪Ҳʹͽˣ
ȻʮƷҲһڿ;Ŵ֮У̫Ĳ
ܴ˿̵ĺĻ̣̫Ȼûѡҡûнֳ̤ʱ֮ȺͺߣԵ̫ж
ֻصŽеƣǲԵģ
ʵ̫Ľ̹ŵģ̹ſнŲȵģֳֵģͷģԼòƻȱһͷġ
ҪһᣬѰѰУ
ʲô춨̫ǲŵģ
˰Զȡ⣬̫û
˵ˣ춨ֺ飬ûأ
Ψ֪ģ̫һĶӣ˿̵ĶʡޣúõĻӲУӣȱۣ
̫ʾӲûӴ
ڵĻѹǳ֪ңһٺ󣬻ѹǳ󣬻̫֮ǣʱȥ̫ǡáˣ̫
ʲôͶ̫һ̫ʾ˰ɣ
ֺ˵Ҳ̫һԴޡ
˼һΪѹǳģֻѣһϵеļƻ󣬳˶̫һİ
˿̵Ķ̫һ˵ˣ̫֮û۳ͣ˵ۿͶ̫һˡ
ԤûĻһٵ٣̫ǻ۳̫֮ڰٵĲۣھ̫֮ᵮǣҲǵۿͶ̫һ
ʮһ٣̫һ͵ۿŻữΡһٻﵽ̫ҽɵΪʱϾķӦܴŲǿգһǺǡȻлӣõĸˣ
̫ĺãЦʱֳֺߺʱ֮ȣ̤ͷӣǡӦ޵˰ɣ
µһĶħҴ򲻹ܷס
ˣڤӵҵ
̫תһ룬ڵҵɵƷûӦҲƷɣʮƷԶԼľҪ޾칦£ϾħıԴԼħ鱦̨ıԴ˵ҳɳ⣬˵ΪʮƷˣ
ֵ̫õҲ̫磡Ĵ̨Ҳ컯ɳ죬컯ӦɽʱңҲҵ˵ҾĴ
ģ̫ĺ鱦ţҲǬ컯ĶˣǬǬǣԺ㣬컯òǰû֡

ҲϢԣ컯һΪһǣӵİԶǣػũϵũ󱻴ɾݶ
̫Ϊȣ鱦ķ̫ƺû
Ǭ淴죬һһ޵С컯Ҳһ䲻淴죬ȴ컯ԽдҪ֧컯֮򣡡
ҡ̫̾ͨ
ԡ̫󶦣ܵõǾõã
̫һ߸·һпʼƣ
֮󣬲ɲգ
̫һ·ķȥ
˵鱦ˣƵرҩûСϾ֮ɢȥûð鱦Ķûأ
̫·꣬˼ʶ˺֮֮׳û
һ鶼ûѵһﶼڶչ̫˿̫·
Ȼ䣬ֻ߲֮ҫġ
ʱ
ǳ֮ǰһûйת
֮ǰĺļְͺҹǳ֮Ĵɢ䣬ԺĵĽл
˿̣Ȼˣ
˲죬죩죩Ϊ֮˳ƹǶǿǳӡǹλ춨
¡¡
š족ĳǶָǳӡӦ˶ƿء
졢졢죬Ҳǵһ̫ͥƹţ󷵱ԴΪʮ죬Ҳƹܵͥ
֮ʮʣ¾ŵӦ˶졢졢졣
ͥӦʮأֱʥؿ̫졢졢졣
ʱͥԲʮأ
һͥƹų𣿡̫һһ£
֪˿е̾
Ǻ£뵽ı硣ƹܺڶʳΪͥҲ̫Դˣ
õõãʲô£޹˴ģڱ粻ģ˵ɣ
̫ҡҡͷĪ뷨
ȴȻ֣
ͣ˽Ų˿һ羰Ũɽȣ̫е棬ǣ
ĪǣǺͱеСԵְ̫Ǻúܣ



23 
ף󷨣
̫ѰٵǣһɽȺһ󷨳ǰ
ѵ鱦ͱԵ̫
̫漴ʼƽ󷨡
󷨲ǹ󷨣һԻ󷨣
ҪһˣССԻѲ𣡡
̫ƽһаԻõãϣûʲôԻƽⲻˣ
žļʱԻ˿ǣ̨̫ϣһһ֣
ɫջƹǽһ󣡲Ѿʧȥã
̫Ի󷨣һŨ羰Իɽȳǰ
Ǻǣѵдʵѵõıأ
һʱ̫еˣɽȸԼׯأ˴νжȼ
ţǣǰ棡̫ӦԪǣ
ףϤƺħĸоѵ֮أ
̫ϤˣڻʱĻħħıԴǣ
ʷڵͼķ귨ķ֧
ħ̫ܾͷ̫ηĺл磬ΨħʷΪܾã಻ԣ
ÿܲסʱıԴ
˺̫ΪġŮԡħ񡪡ħ񣡻һ߽ʮɵʮβ
̫ǵûһ󣬺˭Ҳκβ˭̫ͺħ뿪ˣ
뵽⣬̫ӿ˽Ųһɽ
߽ȥ󣬷鱦壡

̫Ȼֵ˾ߣǸӦһСڿƺܽе־ĸо
̫˼ˣ
ǵˣǴ˱˵ĵ̣̫Сƺʲôʾ̫뵽
ߣ
ҪˣⶫͱͦԵģȻƷ˺ܶ࣬ԹĿ࣬Ҳ㲹ˣֵ̫˵
̫ûӣǸоǺС֪ж̣˵̫£ǲ
Ҫǰ
ͻȻһŮдƿһѷ죬Ʈһžβú꣡
ǸĸġǣǺ̫꣡е
ΪǰӦǰĵС̫ĺ÷ŲʺӰ
ţħԴ̹Ѫ⵮ǣȻǾβδĺ𣿡ֹ̫ǺӦǸͿţ
̫ССΪθҿӱʵ̫
ûУ£СŮӾβ˺öƺ澡СȳƺΪħƺǡ򲻸ҿӵֻǸӦǰΪĪ⣬СŮӲҡ
βæ͵Ǵ˿ˣȻûлΡ̫ʱѹԼǧ򹧺صĳǼǵõġ
ʱĽǺε飬дƣڼˣĺˣ
ţ±𣿡̫βӣûӰ΢΢ģʵе
ңСŮӵǺʶĳԵо壡β̳ħԻȻ֮
˵ģ̫ù࣡
漴̫֮ǰڻʱñĥѣħٿأ廹ûû䵽𡣡
̫ڻ䣬ȴþβˡ
С궼룬λ̫𲻻˵꣬ȻҴɱɣϾЩܺ˵ǲдɱҵ׼
βСӾ̫ˣȻδĻʱھôǿ
ǰ֮ΪСŮβȴ˵
ţ̫˵ͷҪ
⻰ʵľβҪˣ
֪СŮǴħıԴ̹ŴѪСŮҪҴ廹вķͱԴغСŮԼСŮ˵ĵǣܡҪ
β˵̫ˣ
Ŷԭˣصģ𲻻̰ͼȺδ֮ʡ̫һֵ
Ӱľβ˿
ˣ̫ܲе𣿡
ص𣬴˴𣡡
̫ĵȻ
𣬺֣ܲܺ
л佱
̫漴߳˶βСĵĸš
ȻǽΪã˵ĺ麱ȴǿڵģԻûô̫Բѵ˵
βһк˭̬
β̨̫Ի󷨡
оǰȫԻĿǣúõԻȻһöûеͥŲ
ǣ˵ǣСŮΪ£ζҪܳʱ䣬ȴҲ󷨣
˿̵ľβ̫ͨһ̸֪λ̫𣬿а֮ԼޱҪ壬ȻֻԼֶΣ
һռΪе뷨ûУ
β˿̶̫ӡˣ룬ǳ𾪵ľܣȻá壡
ҵǿԽ㣬²һ󷨣ֹ̫
βһ㶣ʱһϲֹ̫һϣæ˵ֻҪæСŮӴκԸ̵ң
βΪԼ˰ȫҲƴˣ
̫ɵˣ룬ʲô࣬˵ûΣ㲼Ϊܲٿ𣿡



24 ƮȻȥ

̫ʱĺǳʵеȷе¶پȣҺûԪıԴס
ˡβæǸ
β˿̵е㲻ʣտʼΪԼԵõ̫֧֣Լίˣ̫ˣ
̫һǳ⣬βˣ
Ҫ֪Ǻ磬ǿΪ磬ԼˣΪԼίӣһǿֵҲ
ǸǵǸмᶨʵ֮ģ
Ծβίûˣֻʣ¿дܱӻϣԼδ˱ҲϣԼ޵֮·ָ㣡
ľͲ磬ֻ˼޵֮ˣ
νᴫԣ
̫һǳ⣬˾β
С룬ûǵ˼һ䡮ʷҡжϱ֮ģȴֲã
ֵ̫ڿǣΪ˵£θ֪ʱ󷨣Ȳ󷨣Ҳûƿأ
ǣβֻܵͷ
ȴҧҧķæģΪ£ԵСŮδΣȴҲӴк͸֪֪δǿΪ磬Ⱥָһ·
̫һ㶣
Ǻǣ㵹ǴеĻ̫Ц
βȴ˵
Ҳգ꣬СȴǱĵһ飬ɺ֮أȷͱеԵָ֣һ£Ҳǵĵɣ
̫еĶˣȴ뵽δ
δ޺Уԡ壬ʢ˥ûдܴڵ壡Ϊǿ˫¯һЩа֮Ѱɫ֮أ
ⱾǺĹأ̫ûνĿߣ屬ʲôġ
Ǿһ°ɣ
οӻ֮ףһƣرҲ˵ɣ
лʴȣлʴȣβ˵
ˣ㣬֮廹жٵǵģ̫ʵ
βһצӣֻ36ŻɵŸ̧ǰ
Ҳ֮ˣȴûеǡǺСŮһħĲд汾ԴЩСУδĺ壡
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СһֱչЩδǵˣ
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Ҫ֪СβȫЩԴԼøǿҲܽܶࡣС겢ûУһֱչ36δˣ
Ķװֻûεĺ̫꣡뵽
޵֮ûٱĸ顣ΨֵܣãˡͽܵȣΪػͼˣ
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Ҳգ̫һħЩ˽⣬ܸȴҪȵĻԵˣ
̫һ֣ᷢԼĵݵ߷򡣵ڵԼҲ˵ĺܣ׼ʥܸʹ÷̫ڲУ
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̫ʷļ¼СǰʱС˶״̬̫һ֣ռľˮ㣬ϴС36ǣ
ͬʱ޴ĶʮƷ̨ɢʥĹâСȸõĸ򣬲ȵӰ죡
̨֮ϣͲȣϴܾħ
СȺһ꣡
˺̫ףʷֺ󣬻֮ҲˣЩС֮ϵĴ귨һһһ飡
ջپͿСȵĻԵˣȻԵٵضУ
Ȼ귨֮ϵ˷̫ûг֡
Ͼ̫ûض٣Ҳֲ
˵ʡԻõȷ귨ķ֧
귨ֻطȴȴ˷ķ֧˵һ£ǿ˽ͺáϾǺģöдЩˣ
СȣҲеʷĴУڲһˣʵ˾귨򶼱̫һ飬Ǵеһְ
ǺȺԵδҲһǿ壡

ֱһǧ̫еˣջ˷֣
С飬ڸС̫һһƬˮ֮꣡
Щ󣬷СҪûԪѲϾεĳ̫ˣڡСȺдУȻҪʱ
̫ҲܸɵŲǣ
գգգף̫һְСƽ˶ֲһ󡣴˺ʱ̵֮ĿռóЩϣһЩػ
СѺΪӦ»ζԶˣҲܲٿشˣ
˺̫һδСߣ
һ̫һʧˣ

Сѣ36Ǻ󣬲ŷ̫ˡôػ
Ҳ£ֻ̫
սǶǿǸȺ˵̫Իƴ
Ҳں̫ĵϺң£߲ܶԱȥݷл
ʱ̫Ǻο


25 ִɽĶ࣡
뿪Ѿˣ̫ĵĽŲûֹͣ
һ·ϣǷ˼ǵĴڣѾֻ̫òᣡ
̫Ѱ֮Ҳˣʵ˴˿̵ĺ鱦ټ鱦ҲҪ˿̾Ƿ鱦Ҳû͵ģ̫Σ
ѵܲˣɲֱߣ
̫û
һ˿ӦȵЩ鱦ͶʱƶԵҪ˺ᣬǾͲ˼ˡ
ǿںܾԶ֮ǰӡǣ
˿̳͵鱦ֻп츫컯鱦Уˣ鱦Ҳȡ̫˼
վһƵɽۣ̫ƮƮֳʱ֮ȣĳ
ڴڼ䣬ԽԽħˣֻǳʱԽԽСû̫ʱ춯أ
ٶȣҪﲻɽҪһԪʱ䣬֮󰡣⼸ҵΪӹˣȻûп̫һԼΪ
ȵΪͷָо̫
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ھ⣬ͲǴ˿̫Ҫĵģⶫ׷߳ʱĸۣ뿿Ӳǲܵģ
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û˵еǵûлΰɣϾǱħŻ˵㣬ӦһٻữΣ
˵д󱣻˿̵̫Ҳûƽ⣡
۲˼̫꣬û£ɽȥ
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̫еˣҲǵ
飬̫
ּ̫ڿ˺ĵһɽҲĵͼڡɽ
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ҿ̫ۣ̹Ŵй飬ɽ־о̫ѹʱɢ˲١
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ڵԼԪ񣬸ǻ̫һηԼ̹ŴĲ࣬ͻħĲ࣡
ߣȴСʼɽˣ֪ûʵԱٸߵĳкã̹ŵѣֵ㻯ң
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һһ
̫ûƼȴһŲһŲɽȥһ߾ǽǧꡣ
ɽĽ£
ɽ߲֪ɽͿʼ֮ϸǾŲҲ͸
ţ
̫ɽߴһȥȻԪǣϲüң
һɺǿҵǣ˵к̫ԵĶٻ
̫æϵһϿȣֻ˴ʱջңв´˿̵̫Ҫ棡
ò֪ʱ֮Ȱɣ̫ʱջңϴ谭ĺģûһܽ˵أǿҲֻܸż
ʱշ̫֮ǲģ
˵ᣬǴ˿òҪ֪÷֮ģҪ׼ʥԪɣΪУ
֮£ƴľǷΪߡǿ󣬻Ҫķǿ
ʥ˵ĲΣĪ˵鱦ǼƷ鱦ʥ˵ʵǿʥ˲ʹʱڣ
˵ʥ¾Ͳʹˡ
ϸ˵׼ʥ֮µҪ
㾳ΪȲҲ鱦ı֮ᣬܲҪ
ĺôǣںһ߶ƣ̫ʱ֮ȣ̫ǲʱշȴԶ÷߶ʱ֮ȵķ֮
ԣ̫ʱջҴŸ̾ԭ
ʱ֮ƽ󰡣
۲ã̫ǿҵƽֻ֮е
ǱʱƿˣˮĥĹһˣǲ֪ʲô鱦ϣҪʧ̫
󣬿ʼ÷ʱ֮ȿʼϵ󷨻ȥһʱշ֮ʼ֣
κ̫Ϊվͣľظ
˵κ̫֣ȻΪһ㣡
ǺǣñΪ󣬿ȷƶԵ̫һλָ󣬴Ѫ㲻
󷨷棬ͨ硢졢˴Ĵ̫о
ν򷨣Ǹ߷Ĳ̶ͬչ֣
˿˵̫Ǻ󷨵һˣһ㶼



26 ñ
̫Ŭһʱ󷨣ƿˣ
飡һϿػƿˣ
ɲǼ䣬һСռ̫ǰ
ƿˣװʱ֮ȶһ㣬ΪȵĽڣջ񲻴
̫һĲϺĿշȻٻָⲻϵḶ́Ϊ˵С
˿̵ĺѹΪѹƵĺһСѾܿɹˣ
Ϊһҵʲô鱦ң
̫߽Сռ䣬ʱоŨ
Ͽȵ룬һɸߵķɫĴâ
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̫Ծˣǻֻع
ԣ˿ӦýлŴƷеĵһ
ò˵·ˣҲҵ㣡̫ΧŻתһȦ˷ܡ
ԭǻֻعֻط򣬽Ĺӣÿһֻصãֻвϸ򾳽磬ʵΪ
еľŴƷֱǣңˮ˲ι¹ɣ«١Ӻɣ
ʵڼƷʵüĲл
ഫһԪһһԪһٹһԪų죬ԪҲֻоŸӡ仨״״
֮ϽСС֣
̫ǰĻϣҲоŸӣǿһĵһνһεĹӣ̶ԶĹӣ
̫Сĵ漴ְŻյ˰ռ䣬˵;ˮ
Щֻ˲䳤һɣԼ֦ҶӵïʢˣʲôһԪһһԪһоˮֱӴ綨
գۼֽ˾ŸӣֻûѣЧܲνĹƺڵһεĽ
⣬̫е㾪ȣ
⾻ˮЧ̫˰ɣˮûôǿЧɣ̫һֱ۵ĸܵ⾻ˮϺ
֮ǰСһЩˮһһˮôоˣЧôǿ̫뵽֮ǰʹþˮƺоϵˣ
ʮƷЧܵУƺ̫ˣе˷ˡ̫һ̾
ֵҺãҵĴ󣬾ˮԴԴϵĲܺ٣ʡӦԼȱ
׺̫Żعȴֱһ뷨ˣ
ЧôõˮҳֵķСһ壬С᲻ʮβʮһβҪǴﵽħʮβǾˣӦòܣ
̫뵽ԼСĴ衣
Ӧʮβѣʮһβ̫ܣʮβѵħⲻܣҲС걾ԴǿһΣ֮ǰмħǸ߼ħˣ
ˡ̫ɣ֪ҺǳȫǵǺٴ裬ĳɾͻܸߡǣûеҾ裡᲻һ޷ǣǾͺˣ
̫һ̾˶ˣͿɵˡζҲһĴˡҲֲ˭ûеë
ˣˣ
̫Ҳ룬˰ռ󣬴Ͽȣ
ף
ԣƺǣ
ѵ
̫ڴϿȿû©ʱ򣬷ֻ˿˿Ԫǣɻ
˳ָȥϿȵȻж죡
һɽ̫ǰɽͬף˿˿컯֮ǣԪϵ컯̣
߽ɽֻɽƯһɫţ
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̫˲ˣ
̫һ֣ɢȥɫֻۣһ󶦸̫ǰ
컯
̫˼˵
컯Ķģ顪컯֣
ԭˣֻط컯컯ⶼ˵Ĵ֧һҲ˵ͨˣѵ˵̫ˡ
뵽ѵΪµģ

еѰ죿
ûǲãƺҪð̫˶
̫˿ջ񣬻˺ܶࡣ
αջòᣬе㱻ʲôɶĸúˣ
룬мûҪ컯ʱԼ١衱ñþˣһҪģ򡭡
漴̫һ֣ɵ컯컯еȲĸо
ô£̫ܳԾ
һ֪ԭ컯Դˣ48ƵļƷ鱦ڻʱ»컯Դûв
ҿ̫ѵõ˵˾໰Դӻκ̫Ѿܾûʧ̬ˡ
ǿҵİ칦ˣֲǣҵˣ̫Ȼ֣ԼԪ컯еԼԤİ칦£
컯еˣҲִ̫󱳾ߣԪ򴫳кͱԴһԪ컯ǻҪѯֱӶ˵ˣ
Ȼˣ̫ԪӰϣԣ
ֱǺߡʱ֮ȡÿһҪǿ컯
鱦ûǣܷյͣЩ鱦еġ
ǲ̫еѡˡ
칦°ƺлˣ
ô죿


27 ֻͻƣ
ɣ칦Ǻãûɿ칦£֮ΪͲˣ
̫Ȱɵ칦£컯գѺ޸Դ
֮ǰϸ˼֣Ϊ˵߰ţ˿̿ˡ̫ѰɵĿ칦´컯
ֻ컯ʼٵתݸ̫ϲĸо
Ǻǣúգ裡̫Ц
컯칦Ҫһʱ䣬̫漴߳ɽϿȱԵʱ޲һ¡
˴Ũصļá
ɽ̹־ѹǿңһ鲻ߵ˴
̫˻컯ǻʳԪһδεֻУֻвϸ򾳽磬ΪҲ죡
û˿̵Ĵѹ̫Լľ̫ܽҽɶĲΣԪ֮壬ԱһԪҪ࣡
뵽̫һȣΪıǮ̫һ㿴ĸҪ
漴ֲ˼󷨺̫ɽУһһƴ֣̫ƴϱĿϢ
ֱʮȶ̫ó˻ȥ

һδεֻأһδεĲϾ
һʯͷ¶ˣˣʲô£һʯͷҪηе𣿡

ţɽ˵ԣִ鳤һעƣһΪһֻŸǧһΪһʯֻµһɳûʲô治ֻ֮࣬ưɡ
һԵҲһѣҪ֧ҵˣǾ֧ɣ᱾һ֮ۡ

Ȩ˻ˣҲǲңȻмֻ

һδεֻأһδεľ̫»󣬽һĶ״̬
̫ļᶨֻûʧĵĸӵȹ̣
ֱһΡ
ƹֻо𣿿ϧļ֣ҵػֻдˣȻһ֮Ǿͺ;Ͼű
һҲԡٰãʤ̻һڶĸι顣ͬһҹ˻ϲ˱
ηɡ÷˼档ı¾ƿЦ˭ơ
Ȱ屭пĲݷǰһȰ̴ֵг־Ż
Ȱ߱׳־Ӣᡣ˪к˪⣬ʹ׶Ȱڰ˱۳ʿɡʹͳߡ
Ȱھűʱδ˭ʵǱ⣬źֻء

ֻأ̫ˣ
䣡һ̫۷ľ磬˲ͻƵ̫ҽɵĲΣһֱǰֱ̫ҽڶͣ£
ֻʱ̫һʱֱӳϿڵ
¡̫ƹ֮ǰڵΪ˿ֱƿֱɺ۷壬ֻֻ֮Ҫ㹻Ľ֮ܺܿɴԲ
Ҫͻ̫ҽɵľ磬ֻҪһͿɣ
ονջܴ󣬳˻Ŵֻ֮򣬻֮ǰ̫ĲϻһƳ󷨣һδһδλָ˴ͻƣ
ֱǧȹ̺̫۾
ǿĸо̫һгϲ
ʵ̫ÿһŴҵ̣޵֮ˣõĻر
ȻٹȥˣȻôã̫һ´˴αչصʱ䣬־Ȼȥ֮á
ҪǾĸΪͷԼ򵥣ĸѣ̫˴εĸҪǾĽ
ֱӴӽɶﵽ̫ҽڵĲΣ˵ʣµֻˮĥĹˣΪﵽ̫ҽ֮ǰһ·̹;
ڣѾǵٺˣ˿̵ĺӦе˰ɣȵ߸٣һҪץȥˣѰ֮ﵽԲ˺ֻҪһչأܰΪƵ̫ҵĲΣˣ
̫룬ȴеźһɽֻ֮ܵˣɽ֮ûʱˣ
Ҳã´ˣ뻹ʸУ˵˿̵ɽѹ֮ǿʲô鶼һġ
ջ񣬴˴컯ͻջˣ
뵽⣬̫ٳ컯ֻ컯Сһƴ̫ϣ
̫Ԫ̽һ£컯ıԴ칦µֲѾָˡ
ܻ48ƵļƷ鱦ȴҲܲˣ
м鱦أ
Ĳ˵ֻҪ̫컯ȥָöħ۲
ףôϲң̫Ǿȣϲ
ԭ̫չصУ컯ȻԼˣ̫չУѾ컯ʮĽƣ
̫ܸˣ鱦ԵǾǴ˰߸ŵˡ
ûˣŲţ鱦ӰӶ˵鱦ˣ
Ҳһ֣
֮ǰõ컯ǬԸˣ



28 棡
̫߳˱չشٵϿȣȴ̫
һʹˣȥһ˺Ȼ̫ɣͦġ
һ˸̫뿪Ͽȣ
һ䣬ʱǰ̫ûҵ̫ȥ
ণ
̫߳ɽΧֻһյľˣ
һμ飬̫еô͵飬û̫ţ
ֻһ۵곤ϵ̫ǰ
ϵƮ죬ͷ׷ֳָͷϽڣ̤ѥ
ѣƶˣֻϵ̫ǰһ㶣æк
ɳڵΪȴֿ͸̫Ϊֻеɲ⣡
̫󣬲һü
̫ѣ̫
̫̫ѿصڶ̫ѣ̫źһȣ
̫һ㶣ѵô
漴뵽Լĳˣ
Ǳڤһ飬д˵˵汾Ǳڤһ㣬ԵıԴĪĳɾͣ
Ҳд˵׼ʦڵĸ̫е棡
ȷ̫ڵڶ飬ȴˣ̫
һ㶣һֵѴ˻ν⣿
Ǻǡ̫Ц뻯εĻں֮ǰֻһֱæ˻Σֱѻβűѣ˺ͻζˣ
̫̫ĽҪ꣬ҲûҪǫ飬ʲôʲô
˵ˣҪ֪ⶫɲ˵ģȻ̫˵Ǿġ
ۣСѻԣصһȽϣﲻ̫˵ٻ
Ǻǣﾪһ£ȴЦȴ֪̫д˴ˣ
ֵ̫ˣʲôˣССһ֮ˣܲмҲûҪ

⻰˵꣬еˣо̫̫ˣ
ύһģ
֪ѵںδ̫ȽϺġ
һüƶڱڤȻڱڤȴ֪̫кָ̣

̫Цˣָ̲ҵֻȷѡţϺңǻӭȥͣ
ǺǣӸղź̸̫;̫һĽֱ仰ȥԼĵ˳˲٣
лᣬȥͣʱȴҪ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳
˵˵ЦЦģû˿ʼΣ
̸ͨȴ϶ˣ̫һִڵĽ͸߹
ڵĺģسջεʱ̡ûкΪ߾ϴΪ;Ĺ
ڻεħΪ̫ԶСĽ
ƣٶȷ˿̵ĺûܱȣߵĵط࣬ʶҲ࣬ȴûм˸֮߰飡
Ψ̫ĸоܲһ
Ǵɽ𣿡ʵ
ȷˣ
һ㶣ѺΪ̹ܲ־ѹʵƶޱȾ̹Ŵ񣬶Ҫɽհ̹Ŵɣȴѹ־Ըʵź
лԵѵĽ˵Ľѵٶȣ̫ȷеĽ
ⱾΪˣȷȲⱾ񰡣ܻڤ֮
Ҳ㱾ƶΪģ̫ѼЦˣܵ⡣һֱΪķ棡
̫Ľȷܸˣ
ȴ֪̫ڴע⣡
˿̵̫пʼˣˣӦڻʳ޵ĽУǸùļһҪҪɵͨͱԴأҲӵͨҪҪأ
룬ĵˣΪңߣ˵Ǵ֮ŹɣҺܿΪ̫ܲҽɾ磬ʱٶҲܶࡣ
ȴ֪̫ҪȥδȻ֪̫뷨
Ŷ̫һ㶵Ҫȥһ£
𣿡˵һΪߣ޲TƶǺйһ֮Ե˺ĮýѴȥҪעһ£
Ŷ˼ȴǸлѸֹ֪̫
ǺǣС¶
̫ԻӡˣֺƵһĸоĺҲңƺ³

ѵңû³̫е㲻⣡
ԣңͺƵңһңǽʵϣȴǽϣһҪ𣿻˵ڲȡ
̫ȷһ㶼ƣ
ԶˣҲû³ҪҪ֪̫
ˣûǸã˰
̫֪
̸ֽһᣬ漴ֿˣûߣȴ뿿ɽѹĥΪ
̫ͻһ·ȥ
ڻ˵޲T
ô˵̫úѡ
˵ˣ޲TǱ𻹺ãǼ˱ʲôħ֮ҿǰæ̫޲TȷûøУ
Ĳ˵еһ
޲T̫Ǹ



29 ֮
Ϊľ̫뿪ɽ󣬽˲һԪ͵
˿̵ħ֮ĻȺĶ٣
ٵĩˣܶƵرѾɳ⵹̫˷ܣռһÿ֮ˣ
ôȥ᲻ƶôģ̫
ҹȻд֮ˣ󷨣
̫Ӧһ֮Ũĵطһɽȣ
ĪƵر鱦ɽȡϿȣֵطҪעһ£̫˵ɽȥ
Ȼ󷨣ɽȱ󷨸ǣһ֮
һ֮󷨣涨ҪѰҵ֮
̫һ󷨣һҪˮĥ󷨣
󣬵ɣԸƣ˵ƾơ
ʱţ󷨻᲻ϵΪõġ
̫һóĴҲͷʹ
ȴǿоһ£ÿ󷨶õʦ˽˴󣬽Ҳܲó
̫տʼΪܶоģʵȻȷкܶǸоġɣר֮⣬һЩ󷨲õʦ
̫֮ǰƽǡʱ󷨡̫оƽ⣬˿Ҳܲóʱ󷨣ֻǿѡ
Ϊһ󷨵
һоǽʱ䣬Ϊ󣬶󷢵оҲ˺ܶ࣬Ҵ֮󷨣ûдǰʱǿ
жϳĶûдǰɽõı
ֹ˽ǧʱ䣬һڱ̫ƿˣ
ȥһ֮
ɽȵ룬ֻһɫƻ
⡭ⲻǽƻɣôе㴩Խĸо̫һȣ
ʵУоŴƷкܶĴڣ֮ǰ̫õϽһƻһһƷ
ںΪμ٣ܶǴʱʼصģºܶĹʱڵܱڸˡ
֪ˣħľʣˣǵλܸߵĴڣ˭û˵С
Ҳֺܶʱ˿̾ǻĹţ̫šϹţʱϹźʱ
֮ϵĺܶܣûʱĳС
̫磬עҪ֪֪ܶܡ˿̵ĺģ̫Ҳֻǿ֪һ㣬Զû֮Ϥ

ƻȷǸۣ֮ԵĪĺô֮һҪȴǱõˡ̫۲һ½ƻ϶
36Źʵ36֮
֪Լſ֮Բ̫еĿģҺ֮鱦
ƻ̫Ҫġ
⣬̫Ԫ̽һɽȣִ˴ǺѵõһԵ
ĴûԵģκ鶼յġ
ַƷƷƷƷȼ
36죬ӵһƷĵط72أӵƷĵط
ɽǺ֮ף
һЩĸ춴һɽԼǳǰ̫ǡޱǵȣ
Щطڣ
һЩıأȴ֮Ľ֮ϷɽĻˮȣ
⣬Ҳ󡣶Ҿĵݱ䣬ɽսɲɽ;ˡ
սʱʧĸ硣
ɺ̫ҽɣǿΪ֪ˣ
ҲǺΪôѵԭ򣬺֮ܶûˣȻˮĥĹˡҲʱÿԻù֮Ľԭ
Ϊʱֻй֮ԿΪˣûˣ
̫뵽⣬û˵˽ƻ˺ְ֮սʱ֮ڡ
ֻҪ棬ϸˮ㣬ϽƻĹʵӦòȱ̫֮
Ҳε֪̫ý󲻽ֻ鱦ҩġֺҲҪռһ£ռҲǱƻԼһ㡣
±Ϻ̫˴ε֮еԲˡ
̫Ȼ̫磬һϱչأҪһˣ̫ͦģļҡ
еĿļﵽˣջϽѡƻ
鱦ǲһ컯һ鱦ټҪ
ܶõģҪġ
˵ˣԺĺޱ˽̫Լȱ鱦
ڵõĲ࣬ԭҪûɡһ·нʮ鱦ûɡ̫һ˿ԪֻҪˣʱȥȡˡ
ôһиˡ
ֳ̫ʱ֮ȣֺǺǵһ·Ϻȥ


30 ϳ
һ·䣬
Բ졢졢󣬼ϽٵʱĺģѾ˰ҹ
ǹλǳ֮ҲʼҪã
Խĺİ壬ǳܸ֮ӵĺգʹôʱĺһ췱ٹһ졣
ı仯ܶ࣬ɽ롢Сɽšɽ಻ϡȺɽ´䡢䡢ʯأʯ桭
羰֮ǺԱȽϵġ
ʲôż̫һ޾СɽôߡĩܶħԹ޳ˣ
ֻǴ˿ϡ٣ǵĸ٣Ұްֻбܣ
һٵݱͻۣʱĵʱ̣˿̫ˡ޵ߡߣ߱չأ
·ϣ̫Ķոˣԭûģ̫ˣĿԣ
̫żѡ࣬ɣ
ǧĸ·̫Ҫ߳ʱһҵĴ
ף޲TȻˣ̫ĵ
ֻһֳɫǹԼĪʮĺڷӣһмʮɵ޶һ
ҲˣûǣǿȾȻڽΪʿ
лϵͨɫϯƬأ
޲TɢڵâЩâеĻûɷģеĻûģΪβߵ飬ɫâӴʴԪ
ˣâзĹЧ޵ɫ汻â赲ʹû޷޲T壡
̫Ϊƶ޲Tʵ˱־̫ˣ
ǳǹӦþǵ߱ɱħԴϵġ߱ǹʱʱֳ̫Ϥ
޲Tѹ߱ǹڽĽ޲T˿̻ûأҪɱ޻ߺޱԴ͡ټɱ˽飬Թͷ
˿޲TûãûɥĲҲûһͳĵҰģ
̫֪޲T˿̸ûȫûħҲûħ첻֪õûУ
ֵ̫ʱ޲T޶Ӧˣ
ֻ޲T̫ƺ뿴͸̫Ϊ޲Tһ˿Ȼεĺܺã̫ˣ
Ȼħ棬ȻнڵΪѵã̫ȴһۿ޲TΪ
𣡡һɵ̫ͻȻֵ̫һ
ûǣΣյıܸ֪ȴǴڵģֻҪ裬޶˹̫
һ޲TȻ̫ͣû˼
޲TúܣֻǶ̫һкĸоûУ
̫㲻ңҸкֱܣ˵Ͷ޲TðֻҪ޲TԼ˵Ϊԣǡ
̫;
޲TҲ
̫ʧˣ޺޲TȻͣˣڿ̫ⲻ֮ɶ
Ȥ̫ûõҪģҲɵƱˣ
ȼһǣ̫û˼˵һһ˸ˡ
ʱ޲Tźһ
ղűܵĸӦ޲T̫ܿ޲TҪ֣Σգ
޲T¶ˣ
ɱﵣ߱ɱħ֮߱ɱ߱ǹ̫һôûУʱ֮Ⱦƣ˵ֹ֮
ħ֮ðɣ̫оаĿǰ
ȻҲ˵ħа񣬴˿ûа֣֮ʤ˾壬˾а񡣶֮һ֣
Ҳ໥Ƶģ̫޲T
ľǺ̫ѹƵӦþˣ޲T뵽߱ɱħҵٶȽᳬˣߣ
漴޲TһۣƺҲˣһħһ޺Ĭͣˣƺ̫ûߣܾ˵ʱժӣ
̫ûôģĽҲô
̫ˣϺȥ̫ȥ
־һԪĸ·ңѾǰˣ
ڻˣ̫ңϲ
̫һ֣ʧ̫ȴңھһ£
ֻһȺľ֮顢ɽʯ֮һģǧٹֵ
ô£ѵҲõľôȻôǣ԰̫ɻ
漴һ㣬ң죬Ȼһ汻һˣ
ȻǪޣԲɵΪֹ̫
Ȯ򣩣Щţֻǣëܳϵ¡ޣ
˼
һ̫һ֣ʱңһ
ңϵ鶼ˣ
ռң̫ͨɽĪޣʱһ飬ղŵòʧأ
޶ʱоΣսˣ



31 ݣ
Ǻ棬˭˽ռݱԭһС󣡡
ûȪѹ̫һѾ˪ǰ
¡¡ݾ޴̫ı
С֪ǵſھͺ
ľûɵӣо̫ΪĺԶ⪇ޣֱûڲٵĿʼˣ
ñ뷢йһ̫˵డӦ޲˭ȸһ˵Ȼշ
Ҳ˵̫һң鵹Ǿˣ
ǶǱݴΧ°ģ°󣬪ҲûǣңŨҲͶԪݲôˣҲ
ڣĿǿĪݣȻôûڲٵĹˣ
ߣ̫һҲ˵
С󱻷籩˵һ죬Ӷɵؽ˵ûǵ赲˺Сִ˵ŨдڲأСڴ˰˼ҡִ˵ܲ򵥣ɽƺؾС˺ܶ취ö롣˺оһΪȤʹΧ°һЩ顭
ݺܴ̫һû˵֪̫ڵ֪ͣСӦñסˣҪʵʵ˵ˣȴǰɲ˵ѣ
̫󣬶⪇ݹĿ࿴ܴ𿴳ţһţ޴ûУ
㵹ЩС̫Ҳͻˣ
⪇ݲռԼңûһ˿ƻ°ô顣
˵̫֮ǰȥʱҲŪЩȥ̫磬ȴû
ϡ٣չ
ôˣһ鶼û١⪇ĺã
⪇ݾŪ˲顣Ҳ֪ϡȱġԴô쵽ģ
ѵ츳̫ˣ
̫Ļ֪Сסˣæ˵ҶԵ˿СеСͣ顢ȸУСиڿռ䣬̵鱣ڸУ߽³
̫һ㶣룺ȻǳɾģԹɫˣ
ղţ̫Եϵ۹ͣϲһ㣬⪇ݷˣ̫˿̲žúĹȻû죡
Ȼܽ˵ҲĽңĲûƻ˵Ͳ׷ˣ̫һ֣ݷԼȻվ
һиˣҿûò̫ˣ
Ĳ˵Ǳ̫ΧɽţؾǱĵ̫˵һֻ֣̫ľŸˣǵ̨Ҳˣ
Ī⣬ׯ䣬ƻõϢêԼϵһ¶
ҡʵţƺԼˣͦʵ

̫һЦ̫

ݳԾһһ¡¡죡
ǡǻʱǧ򹧺ص̫𣿡鲻Խʵ

ûȪݻع̫ȴݣǴ˵ĻˣúøŴ˵֣㣡
¡¡˵꣬ݻӦ̫һ֣̫ͭŻĿˣ
ʱŨǵصӿ̫ƶ̫ȥһһ몇ݵüģ̫һЩ
ҲңĹأȥִУ
ݻæذݷּСһּ⣡
¶ˣλһˡ̫ʱƣʴ˿̵ĺĺ˲֪
ڡ
̫ΪôĪݣªܣ
ǾЦˣֻҪɵݾͻף˺ǰϴˣˡ
Ҫɵ
˵̫ңƿȨͻˣݻ뿿һ촩ңǲܵˣ
󷨣󷨶ƽİ취ڪݽңûʲôֵעġ̫һˣ
˵Ͷо츳Ҳҵ˶顣
֪˿ڵ飬ӵǣ󷨱ġ鱦࣬Ͼڵϡ١ҸŶԱ󲿷ҪĶ࣡Ĳ˵˿̵ҪǻʱڣΪ
̫֮ЦķĪݣҲĴ㣬˵ϪݵͨҪݴ޺֪ˣʱƺǿ
鶼ڵģ˵ݹҲ
̫ҪǪͨĿ飬ôҲǲУңҲ
ٺöƽʱ򣬵鿴ǾͲһˣ֪ˣ
˿ܵ
˵һЩ̫飬԰Ūݳ棡̫ûͽ˼
ȻЩƻҪ̫һ֮



32 Բ
ȴ˵̫̫̫Ľ鶼Ӧˣ
үˣ
˵Ĵ˽̫𣿡
Զԣ㵮֪үεȴڣүһȥдˣ
ȥӭүɽ
үˡ

̫󣬾飬ȫˣ
ȹӭүɽ

̫ĿһĻкοԼһֱ顣
ˣȥɣ˴λʱ䲻ٳȥˣȥͿɣ̫һ֣飡
̫һһεĶûУӰǣ
̫ʱľʯƶĿ̫
̫һˣֶڻεıԵˣѹƣΨľӣǰľ׳ˣ
ĲӦн鵮ǣ̫ҲûгĲ̫˵
үӦġеĽ˵
ǰүǾû¸ǽ
ţԵģ
Ƹã̫ǶԴһѾ̫ɳˣ
һʱƣߴߴĺ̫㱨Щľ
ʱ弸䣬Ψʯľʯͷľͷ൱ĳĬÿ仰Լ࣡
ȶɵΪˣôûлΣ̫ʵ
үҵүĽһ¡뻯ξܴﵽɵĲΣ𲽸һ㣬δҲкô
үҲΣľ
뻯Σ㲻ãеСã
ţ̫ͷ⼸˵Զľʯȡ
ΨеСãĻãԵǲһ㣡
Ҳã˴αʱ䲻ȥˣұչؽ󣬶вĿѯʱ𡣵Ȼ۵Ĳ˻ΰɣ֪ǰۺҪȴҲܰϣڴˣȻξɵΪѾˣ̫
ȫү࣡Ҳ֪д˻̫ġ
ˣȥɣ˴ջĶ࣬Ҫչظһ£ûٶȣű𡣡
ǣ˵뿪ˣ
̫ߺ󣬿ʼ˱չأ
̫ıչʱܳԴõ˽ƻ̫֮Żصý˴ﵽԲĲΡ
һ̫ҽɵĲΣҲżϻԭ
ǿǸһ̫κʱ̶ǣ
ʵƴϣ̫һ36Žƻǰ
ϣ36ŹӾҴﵽԲǻǾҪȡıԴˣƻƷʣ̫
Ҳûѽƻõԭ
̫Ҫ֮ڶ࣡
ʼɣ̫һ֣֣̫ʱ̫ƿˣʵҲ
̫һƻʱǿҵ֮ʼڸھҵת
ǿһɲôãϾľºͰֹ̫
֪˶ã̫۾ףȻǽƻһνĹʵԤϵĻҪЧã֮ѾԲ˶ʮ֮һһʮţҾܻ㹻֮ܽԲˣ
̫ľ̫ҽڣԲ¾粻ȣֻҪ֮ﵽԲ
˺ֻҪһС̫ҽɵĲΣ
漴̫һη˾ſŽƻʼ
Ҳ̫ŸôڣҪ֪֮ͬѰº͵ˮ֮Ҳľ֮Ǳ絶Ľ֮
̫ºԪʼ¡¡תתֱΪ֮
һſŽƻһʱ䲻ָӵĽ֮ڶ࣬˿̫Ԫ񷭽㣡
ʱÿʼˡ
ֻ̫ԪУһֱʱ֮ȡߡ컯ʼˣıֵĺƽѹһ֮øղŻ֮һɲʵ
鱦ѹˡԪĹЧı˵ѹ֮ʵ˴Сã
ΪΣУΪһ鱦ļ
챦Ǽ򵥵Ĵʱǿ̫С챦ˣ
鱦ôܶ࣬ѹˣԪ񣬴˺Ϊﵽ׼ʥ󣬻ܲ鱦̺ķԪʺ鱦ܳΪɵ
֮鱦Ǽ򵥵Ĵôֻ֮һ
˵ֻ̫ļ鱦ѹס̫֮ʼɵ֮
һǽʮԪᣬ˺̫һΣθ󵨣ǰ֮ɵԵʣһ̫˶ʮŽƻ
ǰʮţ֮Ѿһ룡
һʵʮž͸㶨ˡ̫֪ԽѶԽʮƻõģʣ࣬˻ֻҪ̫ҽɣܽˮתΪˮ֮
̫չغܾú󡭡
ˣ
죡̫ԪУ֮һĽ֮ԲˣǴǰӰ˽Բ
ԪȫԲ̫ҽԲı־
֮ԲȴǽɲΪԲ˿̫
ˮ֮Բ̫ҽɳ۷壻ľ֮Բ̫ҽ۷壬֮Բ̫ҽɺԲ֮Բ̫ҽ۷Բ
˺ԪǴ޽ɵĲΡ


33 أ
Ȼ޵£
̫һΪú⣬һԼչصʱ䣬ȴе̾
ѾĩβˣҪˣ̫
ǰҵΪһܴﵽ̫ҽɵĲΣֿԼܺˡ̫ʱıǨѹƻ䣬ٺ󣬺ܶඥħܿ첽̫ҽɵĲΣ
ѹƣ̫ΪĿԣڱ˿֪
ڵǰħܴﵽԲͲˣ̫˿̵Ϊȴһ󲽣
ʱݣѹԽԽСΪԽԽ죡
öԶȵĩʱ̫ҽԲ϶Ҫ⣬Ҫ޽ɵΪ
Կóһ֮Ĳ࣡Ҫ֪Ϊһһѣ
ǿ黯εһ٣Щط֮ŸתΪϸ˵ʱĺǻߵģĲʺ
ֻҪһƻҾ̫ܲҽɵĲΣȴǲȷһ°ɡ
̫ȫӲͻ̫ҽɵĲΣ
ǿʵ²ᣬͻƲԶˣˮɵĺá
ʣʮŽƻɣｫѵõŻʮŽƻ̫˵ͻõ
òҲֹ̫
õ컯һֱûĥ컯ѱ̫Դ˺
󷨵ҲһΪҲһַĲ̣ΪﵽһԲȴö߲ʱ˵ͨĹо͸ˣҲһ
̫һ䳷ȥ󷨣߳ʵ
ӭүأ̫ȥ󷨺֪ˣ̫ʱѾڴ˵Ⱥˣ
ţ̫˵ͷ
˵Ϊ̫û˵ʲôҲ˶ԼϹϾеŤϰˣ
ûزɷԲ̫Ӧдɣź뷨ǲ޴ƽںЦ
ˣľ⣬۵Ĺˣȡΰɡ༸ٸԪ󣬺ĵٽʱѹ֣˵һѵûᡭ
Ϊ̹Ŵ񿪱٣вⲹǶ̹ŴѪĲ̹ŴСϡ
СˡϣǵӰ֮壡ûľ֮֮ϣǶʺϵĻε塭
ȻУ̹ŴľǱʮϸ۳ϣԶ˵ǸĪ
ǣүּ⣡˷ˣϴ̫ȷ֮ϸϻηʽȴûн
˴̫˵ʺϵϡ֮壬֪һĻԵͷˣ
̫ˣǻεı׼ȻҲǺ̫һΪˡ塣
ֻֻ֪ڣڵȴڵϸṹҪĵϽᾧǵõˣȻȸ࣡
УȷΪѵ塣Уÿħ֮嶼ǴۣʺƿӦĻħԻлħͬ
̹Ȼ̹ŵĵʺϺ飬˵ųɵĺ鶼̹йϵǾѪԪƤǵ
ҲǺУĴܶԭ
»ʱͨΣ˺һΪ䣡˺תӲָ꣡
Եĸˣܶ壬Ƥë׾ϲ̨棡

ʮ̫һν̫ļˣ
̫Ҫϡ̫֮鲻費Ҫˡ̫ǣһЩյǵľȻҲˣɶ
ԣһҲǷţһȺҲǷţ̫飬̫ƿҲˣ
̫̽һңĪݣ̫չص꣬ݰңĺܺá
֪̫ϲ飬ûµĻȥ°ӡ飬ңΪ̫⣡
죬Ȼһʶ
ЩĲûñʧҲҪ
ǣ𣡡
һ飬е˷ܣ
һֻоʱתԼĪһľƽ̨ϣ
ݣҲһ±𽲵Сһ㣡̫ãĪ˵
ǣݸæСɽһߵľޣһͨţС
Се˷ܲ˵ˣ֪ԼǱ̫ˣ˴Ӧþңӵؾ
ֻû뵽ؾô棬ôŨ
ңͱȺľطҪŨңҪŨ֪
̫鱻ݵĺȻһǶ飬̫Ľ󣬻ûıһ㶼С
ݸտʼǾ޴ı壬һһ飬̫һѪ鶼ûУ̫
̫絮Ƕǲľ֮ʯҪˮȣ
̫֮ͨңޣйͣҪԴ˵ȰԴݣΣ
̫۵
ǣүԸ
֪˪ݵԪݿ˺ܶ࣡
ڪжˣ̫仰Ϊ̫ĳ嶯ˣ


34 ̫ҽɣ
ߣԲҲ·֮оҲԲߣܶʼ಻֮νҲ࣬УĸƢθľˮ֫ļ
˴Σ̫ʱһͣٺóʱ䣬ʱͷͨ˲佲ܶࡣ
һ̫ĽǽҪεʯˣǵӰ̫Ľϵر任ȥ档
ż̫̫һĳ̶ȣŽĿ
еƽ⣬ƺŮʯľȴжƽ̫ϯˣҲƽ̫֮뵽
һԵĪһú棬˻ħıԴϸ˵⪇ݵĵϣ
תΪ壬ҲһУ
һǧʱ䡭
ǧȻ
¡ֻ̫Īͣ٣óڵееܣ
̫ǧĽҵȻһֶ״̬У
ͽɴԲһɵ̫ҽɵĹؿ˲óͨˡ
ֻʼ˴ۣ̫֪̫ҪͻˣͬΪ̫ˣ
ԾĻ̫ͻƣ
̫ԪУ֮ʼۣ֮ǰԲ֮ʼתֻҪתΪˮ̫֮׵ʱ
䣡һδεתʱ֮ȡѹ̫Ԫ֮Ԥ켣ת
ڣ
飡һ
谭֮תΪˮ֮ĸĤƿˡ
̫ͻˣεͻƻǻ˲ٵĹʵصѹ̫ǿˣǵʱ̫ƻʱͻˡ
ֻ۵С
Ҳħ⹮̵ԭ򣬷ŵ飬ۺ
ֻʱ籩һۣ̫Զ©޾ڣҲóжۺ
ֱʮŵԻ⣬̫ȹ̫ҽɵΪΡ
ԪУ֮ӰתΪʵʵĴڣֻҪˣܴ߿ˡ
Ϊͻƣûдͻƣ̫ľȻ̫ҽ۷壬ҪͻƺѺѣûˣҪȵѹС˲У

̫۾żиΪͻƣȴң
ϲүΪү֤Ϊүأ
̨µǼƺͻƵǡ
û̫ûǣ̫ͻƣǷĵ׵ĸˣ
үʲôΪжЩΣΪ󵨻õСƣ̫Ϊʵ
ã񣡡еĽǳõ
޷˵һΪĲΣ
ǣү
νУʵ˸طḶ́ǧ֮ȴ֮ʱΪõĿʼΪƬΪԲ
ң֪Ƿ֣֮˺䣬ΪҺת䣬תΪ򣬷ңֱ˺ΪͷƬһ壬Ҳ𣬹ʣΪس桭
ҲǱǰľ磬ɣ̫
˺󣬷ںϣȻǲԲķҪԲҪΪ˿̵ΪˣΪ̫ҽɡ
̫ߣľˮԴʹ֮һԲΪ޽ߡ
Ԫ۶ʱ֮ƬѱԲĴ޵ΪԲۡ
̫ûк˵֮ϵľ磬ǺøԶûΣһøԶԲǺǡ
ǿû̫Ư
ܽΪɡɡɡɡ̫ҽɡ޽ɵȲΡÿֳַڡڡڡԲĸСΣ񪇺ݴ˿̾ԲĲΣֻҪһܽɡΣҲɲεΪǶȻԵʣ
ǡү̹Ŵ񿪱ٺģ̹ŴΪ޽Ϊ𣿡ʵģ
̫꣬Цˣ
ǱϾв࣬õҲ֪ͬΪ̹Ŵ񿪱پͲˣ
̹Ŵ񰡣̹ŵȴΪߵĶˣѾ˵ĲΡĪҪøԶֹ֪˭֪жپأǹرģʵĺã
үʶ̹Ŵ𣿡С֪ʣ
󣬴ţһ鴤
ʶһѡ˲Ҫˣ̫˵
Ϊţ첻ǳ鴤ˣҧͷˣŵĿ̫
˴ΪȴҲЩţöȸһȿã˵̫꣬ʼ֣Ϊƣ
֮ǰûڿˡ
ұаɵ칦£Թ½һ˳
ƴءϡƮ졭һ𺳲ѣ
֮ϣʱ֮ȡߡ컯תŷ֮⣬ȽҪʵڣһʱˣ


35 
νҪε˿ʼ˱չأľȴء̫ݻ󣬸ǽǱչظУ
ջĵݡ֮ǰȴȲ̫Ƴֱۣ
ݸ̫֮Ƴֱֺӽ˶״̬Ҫˣ̫ҲΪˣô˵ҲĻޡ
̫ѪŲƵ˾ߣ˵ΪŨ񣬾ˮҲϴ֮Ч
ڪЩŬķϣ̫˪һʮƷľΪ鱦ݸ˵Ĳˣ
̫һʮƷľ˵ĺܣ
лоŶ侻̫ժȡʮƷİʣľŶ俪ʼĽˡ
̫Ԥƣȵ߸ٵʱŶ
Ʒİܽ׵ʮƷ鱦ĲΣƷ䣬ܽ׾ƷƷ鱦ĲΣƷܽ׵ƷƷ鱦ĲΣ
ΪĸĶʮƷ̫䣬ûй֮Ĺûн
̫ʧͬʱҲ˼ƻδĹνָƣ˽׬ȡ㹫¶ѣʱöʮƷӣ
û칦棬칦ȴҲ
̫ͽҪͽ鱦١
̫飬ǾͿԼĸԴˡ
鱦˵˲źãǳûдˡû˳鱦ҲܲסΣգ
ֵĴͽ鱦ʵǣẦǣ
ֺӵ鱦ģ̫ҽɵΪһ鱦޽ΪſӵС
޽Ϊѹס鱦ɣ
鱦ԽԽã˽ʥˡʥˣشˣʴѹƷ鱦
סʥ˵ˣศ֮Ч
ɳж鱦һƷ鱦Ҳصס
ֻΪſɱûΪ޲˲
̫ΪԪǣϣ˴˰ſɲ鱦ɣ
Ե˵̫³С鶼ްο˵
컯˺ѵһļƷ鱦ʮ˵ƣһԸ̫
鱦飬Īˣ


̫̫ҽɺΪһأ˵֮ǰһٸҲһ̫ҽɵĶ֣
ʡĻ֣ǡ
ΪΣʵԽԽף̫Һʹޱһһ¡
˵ǷΪȻ̫ҽȥʹ޽ɱȽϣ˵޽ɻ䣡
ôǿ
Ͼһķʥ˵ĲΣ˵Ҳͽòʮ֮һʮ֮һд޵ˮ׼ˣ
޺׼ʥҲСǽ޵û޵һ׼ʥһٸ޽ɣ
׵ģܾʥ˺׼ʥˣʥ֮½ϲǿЦġ
һһأ˵ľ̫ҽɺĲλ֣
̫ܵǿ󣬿ʼԼҲǿһ֣
֮ǰΪʱ̫ȫʮƣν̫ңܼʮϡ
̫ĹƣʮĵΪ̫Ҽޡ
ȴ޽ʱܼʮƣ
ʮߡʮ˵ƣҪ׼ʥΪˡ
ҪȫʮŵƣǾǻԪ޵Ϊˣ
һƺ٣һƣո
̫ȼʱ֮ȣİҪġҲ̫ĳɵǻۣԪΪϣ
飬̫Բǧʱ䣬̫Ͱʱ֮ȼʮĵƣɺ̫ʱ֮ȵøӵӦˣ
Ѫĸоǿˣ
ʱ֮ںʱշ֮ǰ̫á˿̵ʱ֮ǽһЩ΢̫ˣ
һ֮أνǧ֮ԴȪ
һ̫ͨͨǧط򣬶ĸ
˺ּ̫ı̣ʮƷ
˽ǧĹͬʮĵƣ԰һȺܴ
ı巨࣬ҲǷķΧȻչɴСȫľһյľ޴ɫ̨žη
ߣ̹ŴĴ裬ף̫칦ºӵǿˣ
֮ǰܺ籦ȣѾ籦Ƚˣ
̹ᦡ̫ͼ⿪Ȳˣ֮£߾
̫ʵֹǿһǰ㣡
Ȼµõ켫Ʒ鱦컯̫һ˽ǧʱֻʮƣϾõ
ڼıĹУ̫Ϊ̣
ҲһָУǰΪž޴ƶã
׼ʥΪ󣬲鱦ڵķ⣬Ϊο˿̫̫ҽɵΪ
μת۾ǧ̫꣬컯һ
Ҫˣֻ̫ʱͣ¡


36 ׷׻Σ
ǰ˶ƽ̨ϣ
ֻ̫ĶʮƷ̫У
ȥ̫һֻӳ
ʼϵı仯ʡطǷ
һֱֱн׵ĴСڰգ
ʯȥɣ̫ԽҪεʯ˵
ǣүʯӰʼ롰ʯ壬˺̨֮Уʯ̨ʼ£ʯ
ϴ꣬ԪĹЧ̫ĻȻޱȣ
˻Σ̫ΪԷһ˶̨ϣڻĪĺô
ֻʯ̨һ˸ʼۣγԲʯȥ˿ѾʯεĹؼʱ̣
̫ϸ˵ϡۣǼĵϣǺҵ
һнеΪ˳

ֻʯ忪ʼϵŤһ̬ʼۣ˿Ĳ䣬ʯθĿ죡
̫һ֣һʹâ̫ΪʯһЩԴӶʯһɫ
ûκʯǱ
˽ʱ䣬ֻһ𶯣ʯѱγɹˣ
κʯΪǴﵽɵΪ̫ο

κʯһĳĬһʮòǷģ
ͨһʯ̫ǰлү࣬ʯн죬벻үʴȣ
ɣ̫οһʯ
̫ͷͨĸ룺ĴˡӣҲһаԼ²ܹдСγħͺһأ
㻯ΣοʯˡʯһͲΣĪģ̫ʯ˵
ʯлүүʯ˵
ţã¡̫ʯ˵漴ֶȥ
ǣ漴
ǽʮʱ䣬ֻһ񻡢ͤͤŮӣӰзɳ
̫ʱйջ޴Ƶľ顣
˻εʱ̫׼ռڿûκˣ˲·ڳĳ֣ԵΣ
κ󣬲Ӱ飬һס񸳡ƺȫ̬֮ò
һɳڵΪ
ݼү֮ǰʯһ̫ޱȵĸм
ţã㻯ΣӡĿգշͨͨô
лүİлү࣡
ţºúøһ̫˵ֶ꣬ƽ˵飬˺ͬ˴λһɣ
ǣүҲ˰
ûκ󣬽ɵΪԲֻ۷Ϊ
ȻûΪȴÿɰȫûʧӣĴԼ壬ȥ̬ģ
㻯κԼĪʮ߰ӣһһʮСģ̫е
ǱޣջΣӡӡãĪҪ̫õ
ޣѣ
ޣѣлүлү࣬ү˷ܵù̫
ţºúø򣡡˵εȥɣ
һĹӵģҲɵΪ
ˡ߾Ҳ㡭
εˣһݷ̫˴˴εĻǹԲˣ
̫һתһľ飬ľ黹һȻģ˿ûΪͬĻζеûʧ
ǣ̫
ȻĶȴûͽ˼ˣɳƺһʦ̫ľ˵
лʦʴȣʱϲˣ
ĻԵ
ʯΪʦ֣Ϊʦ㣬ľΪʦܡΪʦáΪʦܣСΪСʦã̫˶Σ
ʯ˺ӣԳ֮ΪҲǿˣİżҲŷ
Ƚʦּ⣡ʯΪʦ֣Ȼλʦʦøл̫
ȸջΣΪȣȥչذɣΪȽȥɣ̫˵꣬һ˸ʧˣ
ʦ˹̫ʧĵط
̫ߺ˲ſʼ̸
һٵͬͶԱ˴Ϥˣ׷׽̸ѸĻã
λʦʦãʦҵȱչعΪҵȻȥΪһͬȥݼʦɺãʯ˵
ʦ֮ҵȲɹʦ
ʦ˵öԣ
ʦ˵ʲôʲô£СƲ
ûСʦõĻúϲ֣ͼʶˣ
ʦĪҪȡ֣ΪͣҪúŬ޶Լλøеͷʹ
̫⣬ջ
͵ǿ˵ı֣
𣿶ܲ
̫ƴϣʼо컯
ͽܶˣȻϵģҪΪ˿һ°
Һãʯˡӡߣлκı壬˵ı챦̫һʺǵ鱦
޺ѾѰˣû䱾
ľˣһûлΣ
Ѱ죿
ʦ治ãҲͽˣ


37 컯֮
ȥߣȡЩ˳ѽƻϽ£ռӦóɳ˲٣
̫һڵ󷽵ľߣ
ÿ̫ˣеϲġҩһѵõУ
ھ̫˳˺ѽƻȥ˳˵;ˮ
һƻڴˣԸһʱһЩʯ
ְ̫Ͻ˾ϣֻϽ˾ˮ˲׳˺ܶ࣬ϽۿҪˣ
Ч֪ô
Щ̫һֱûϽѽϽ֮Դǿ֮˵һٵİռ˿̵Ͻѱ̫յõʱһģ
ߣ̫֣صƳ˻
̫ˣҶ̫֮ǰйܴİ̫ӣ
Ҳѻ˾ߣ
̫о˵ȻŨ࣡
תЧ
ҪǱѾŴƷռˣ᲻еɾ͸أ̫°뵽
Եɣ˿̲У̫˼
ڵľŴƷڸأ¿ȥҶҲ
ʱǺҵģ
Ҳ趼ŲֻҪһ֦;ˮҲܳɳͺðˣ̫뵽
Ͼ˲ιԪӣԪŪû˾Ͳˣиңĵ֮Ҳ

̫һƬī֣һƬī֣һīĸ귱ܶ䲻ǶģȴҲ֮С
̫ȡīĸϵһīӵı壬һ̡
ȡһ裬˵ı壬һ壡
ȡһЩʯ˵ı壬һӡʯԸ㣬Ĭԣʺôӡ
ޡѺľô죿̫ӡʯˡʹõ鱦
޺ѾѰˣ
ˣżƣǵ˽Ϊٴ͸Ǳﲻ٣ڸ̫ˣΪɡҲУбʮ鱦
˵ˣ컯칦֮û淴Ĺܣ컯򣬾н׵淴޳ɳ
̫һᣬֻ
̫ļ뻹ʮһ侻
ЩҪû죬ʣȴ̫أ˭ã
ҲͪشҪң̫Ÿһ䣡
ңʯ˻˵ǵıǣԼҲ
̫ȡһЩĺ󣬻ص˵
̫ȷǲ񣡲һǾͼ򵥶ˣ
ʲôǼƷ鱦ʲôǾ컯ıǾֻ跨ӳ֣е뷨ƾУ
Щܣˮ׼Ǻܸߣ컯¯Ҳ˼ȥƷò
̫óһĳͭĸиУ컯һƷ벻ջ
ԲܳͭĸһŽ컯У
ӣţʺҲƺС컯ˣ컯ǣƺͭĸʺһ
鱦飬컯ǻȻһԣ̫Ҳ컯жϣ
̫÷Ԫƿأʼ˵һ
һǼǧ꣬ʱںĺֵܲǮܵΪߵʱһչؾ͵Ԫɣ
ţˣ̫˫ۣһƵķҪɹˣ
飡һֻ컯зɳһ⣡
ˣֻһɫĳ̫ǰ
̫һ֣𳤹ɵ̫У
̫ԪӦһ£ԾȻʮߵƵĺ춥鱦ܽ鱦ֻҪһ鱦⣬ܽ鱦
Ƴģֱţ̫ϲĿеĳ
ӦûһƷȷĪϲ̫ϲüң
ͽ㡾컯һԪɣ̫ȡ˸֣
ˣ鱦飬ֻϣƣ컯һԪ
Ƴ͸أڲˣϾҵһƳķŰɣδ˵
̫ͦ󷽵ģеԥˡ
ݲʺóô˵ҲǵһƵ鱦е᲻ã
̫һεĳɹϲˣ
ļǧ̫꣬鱦
ֱǣ컯Ԫ컯¡
컯ԪʮƵĺƷ鱦컯ǶʮƵģƷ鱦н׵
̫ˣ컯Ƶ鱦Ҫ컯֣ŶԵԼƣҲܸ컯֤
һļУǬ컯ȴĬĬţһ̫У̫ҪӦеĵλ


38 ˮ棡
ѹʯӦó˰ɣ
̫鱦
ʯ˻κ̫˵ǹΪ̫Ϊһνʱˣ
ţ̫ҪأȴӦ˪ݵȣ
֮ǰͻɺ󣬺Ծȥңػ̫ʮƷҪչԪͻƺһֱң
ݺܸм̫Ĵ裬ģ
֪̫ϲ飬˾󣬸ӵĴӶᣬξͲСǵ鷳ˡ
ϺңԱһɵˮ
ˮһܣˮ桱ˮΣڻΣ˿нڵΪ
ΪһΪĴܣˮȻ߹ĺܡ
ȻΪߣȴûӵñȽҹһ㣡
ˮżѰϢƣŴѹ˶ʿΪкܴƶã
˺
˻ʱ;дˣ߳
ôҪд˾Ҫе̡У
Ϊ˵ٲ֣ˮûںռһ̣б׳ˣӶΪȱˣ
ڴ˿̻ڻߵĺϺˮȴƣ
ҪĬĬչϺ£飬Ϊ˺ĽĶﱸ
ãһҲ޼ɵ£飬ǡުݣ
νһɽݶǡûгһһĸΪΪǻȥĸġģ
һͶˣˮ治³ç֮
ʱĵ֪ݾһͻΪޣһֱǶƺûд֧֣
۲˼ǧʱ䣬ˮ棬ǰʱͻƵ˽ڵΪ
Ϊ¿ͼˣűϺŴң
ˮҲ׼꣬ǰ׼˵鲻࣬Ϊ顣
һɣһɣȻֿסǾķǿݶҪɱˣ
ʵû취ˣݲ̫
ҲǸҪӵģֵסˣ򲻻ȣ̫п
´ˡޡͣǾͻˣ
˼꣬ȴûһҶֵģ֮ǰ޲TûǱССһڵˮ棬˷
̫һһ˸ڵǰƽ̨ϣһ֣ңͭſˣ
ףʦʦ˵ڲȥ𣿡
ǰ֪ǶûУ
ʦм°ɣ
Ӧ̫翪ʯĵɻ
̫ٷɳ̫ѸϢңжȥ


¡¡
СȰ󣬷֮ʱǶȻɢ֮գ
̫һĵң
ңϣܶŵɪɪ
ⲻһεʵҲΪ͵𵴣
СٳϺˣ޹°Ϻ鲻˵չصȡİɫ̨ɻ
ȴ̫Īݣкܽţȴˮϵң£ϺȴûԴɱһǽ컯˶ﾹĴɱ֮ߣ̨˵ͣʱˮϵģֱ֪ܣ
Ҫԣ̨һؾãȡҲϣǿʶߣʲôͣΪ̧Īȥ𣿡
ˮȷ۲̨ҲأȴðյԵʣ
㡭һ棬ȴǲҪƤŭ覴ѣ
ߣ˭ҪƤ͵ȴϣȻ
ȻȻֹ
ˮȴǷ֣һϷ΢ЦĿǣ
ôˣ誇ݵľ̨ʱؾã᲻֪
ȴ̫ˮһߵڰ׺ŭϢˮϷ
̫̫ҽɵΪҪˮһҲȻ׵ĺܣ
⡭⣿ʵѺˣˮ˿̳Ӷˣ
̫Ϣĳ֣˵ʲôȻ
̫ղŵĻ֪²ܼ򵥵Ļˣ
ˣȲ֪˵̫΢΢һЦ֮ˣ֪ôҲã
˵һĬ
ǲ˽ˣˮװǿӲ
⣬̫ҡҡͷˮʧˡ
ֲһûˣԭôС£͵Ӳʵǿģû̽ʹùģͰ
ڴڵĪݣȴһɳ˻̫ߣ̫ʾԼܣ
ϻ˵۸ССΪסһУһ°ɣȴǶСʿƵģ̫о־磡
ʵеҲϻֱó˺ߣ̫εĹ
ǵģʱ֮ȫûҪó
ߣ⡭ⲻܣˮдУԿߵϤĺܡ
صʵĴܣд˴У
ৣ
ֻһ֮⣬ʧˮȥ



39 һλ䣡
Դ顭
ֻƴˮ棬˿ҵ鱦ʮƵĶ鱦
Դ鹲ʮţʮԴγһ󷨣е񶨺飬ɼԴǿ
䣡һֻ˷Ķײʳص쫷磬֮ԴĶˮ£ֱӱĨɱһ룡
ûģǼ˲Զģ
ˮȴѪͷɢǱ
̫д󺰣
ˣˣûˮ澹Ȼд鱦һпɱˣô죿̫еڣ
ǿˮһεʵΪ״ɱ
û뵽ƴǧһ۵ˮ棬ı鱦
ҲǺ󻼣ɱˣ̫뵽ˣҲܸղһ֮ԼҪ׷ֱӴɱˮ棡
˿̵ˮ沢ܣ˵ǿ֮ĩˣ
̫ˮʱо
ߣҲùֻˮ棬ۿȥ̫ûзŹӡ
Ѿ˵ĺأΨΨŵŵһˣ˿Ѫڱŷ˳
¡¡


ˮһʱˣ
ãһﾹȻԱ̫Ҳһ¡
ΪˮģԼ˺Ҹڴɱû뵽ˮȻԱˣ
̫æ˾
һ֣ǧһĹ򣬰Ѫս˰ռ䣡
ˣһһɵԱСӣֻһʱγˣΧʱҲһ

ȿȡ
ķض˵ҵıըûðζһ£
ˮˣֻʣλΪĸ˺ڤˣ˵˱ԴΪ䲻˵һûķգ
㣡̫һ֣ʮűԴԴԱˮˣһѱԴͬ齣
̫ȡԪ̽һȻһƷ鱦
δãݸղűһҿ̫
˿̣ˮˣֻʣˣ˻һҪӣ
ˣȥңû̫֮ܵǰһ߰ˮúԶˮԱ󣬲֪ûвң
˵̫꣬һ⣬˸ڤ˵ԪУ
̫оĿ޾ڣ˵һСǣõΪƿص
һԪ
ƿصˣʱ˻С
Ѷʩչ˿һ˿ֻҪ飬ɢ̫ʩչֶΣԪݵ
ǣ𣡡
һ֣ʧȥʶˣ˺󪇺ݺ̫ңһ
ֻ΢Сʮˣʧ
̽󣬪ݡͨһ̫ǰ𷣣ܣ¡
ˣȪ˵̫꣬
ĺܺãûй㡣ⲻ˵ģ򵥵һΰˣĺģܳ޷
̫еݣ˵£С˺Ĵܣ
뵽֮ǰһƿУһƵУȻ
̫һξʾҪСκˣµ˵ΪԼͺܶ࣡
л𣡡̾Ϣ
ţ
̫û˵˼һԪݵˣúѶһ¡ϺЩ˺ҪǺĻǵְɣ˳̽һǲκκˣһϢ֪б޻
ǣ
ɣ㰲һң飬ʱ䱾ΪȽһ̫
ǣ𣡡
̶̫뿪ңϻ̫磡
һܵ䣬Ժ𶯲С
Ϊ飬ϿɵĴܣߡ
һĴȻиӦ
֪λˣ𣡡һüʲôȴ㲻
˿û鷳ȫΪݣûн졣Ĵǿѣ
һĴ𣿾ǲ֪˭ɱģٽĲ̫ƽˣ


ϻص̫һƴϣ֮ǰĴս
ǽã򵥣̫׺ֹ
ǧ̫꣬ټʯˣ
˻κ󣬱չȹΪ˴̫ҪΪǽһΡ
˺󡭡
̫Ϊʯޡѵˣǧʱ䣡˲ȹΪ˳Ľ˵ΪˣǶԽĵ·ȷˣ
̫ȥԼ˾߱չأαչҪﵽ̫ҽɳԲҲˮ֮Բĳ̶ȣ



40 
ʱţ±Ǩ
̫һʱΪˮĸΪҵѴﵽ̫ҽɳ۷ĲΡ
ЩʱѾﵽ˴˾磬̫Ϊ˹ΪȻʱ䶼Ҫ࣡
һתۣѾ˵ĩ
һٽ٣ѹһ⣬ʱȥȥʱ򣬻һơţСϫɡʱǸ򾳽ʱ̣Ҫץסᣬ˵һͻ̫ڣﵽ̫Һڵľ磬̫۷壡
ϫǴʽ˳ģĻһ
ӵٿʼǣأδʱ
Ҳѹнٵʱ
ԣ˵һʼʱ
𣬻ʳݺᣡһԻ͵ʱҪˡ̫˼ûĹϵֵʱֻ̣½ѣķٻҪڰٰ
ʱĻʱڣڻĹʱڣ
ڰˡھ̫ʱڣʱ
ʮʮһԶʱڣʮԲϹʱڣ
𣬴ѹȥ޽˳ƻ𣬶һΪԱҲΪˣὨʳ޶Գ֣
ڰֵǰᣬ򲻻⣬Ӱ졣˵ָ鷢ޣùµ⣡ӵڰڵڣǴսʱϵĻ޻ᱻԹɷɢھ˳ƶ
ֹ̫ǰޱϾǻħԹдѹãǲڵǻΣٿʼˣ޾ͿʼŰˣ
˵ñҲҪȥޣΪ˹£Ĳ뿴һƻģϾǺ鰡
̫ҲûøУһ﴿Ϊƻ飬עĽ֣
桢ֻ޻ʺǿ󣬵ǿҲ㲻˰
̫˽ֱ꣬һ۾
ʯġޡѡľ𣡡̫һɵ˵ǰ
ڻչػˣˣ̫ĴѸٵ˵ǰ
μʦ
̫ͷ˵ȥһѵøĻᣬֻֻΣǵһΣ
ʦ뿪ڡ
֪ʲô̫ѵĻڶǵھٳֵʱ̣νٵʱ̡һҲ
ͷ
̫дڣϾֱ۵ĸܣһȥģѵõĻᡣǴĳ֣һλᣬپͿǵˣ
ǣʦҲ֪ᱦ
ΨǶȥĸȤڸ֣ƺ̫Ҫ
߰ɣ̫һ֣սʱ֮ڣͭſӺң̨׳֣
̫һͭţң̫ǰ
μ𣡡
μ𣡡
Ѿңӭӣ̫ˮ¸˺ڤˣ
˴Ѳڱƿ˵ܱ̫ͨ˾ÿܲǾҲǻ
ͷǲģ
һɣȫһѵõĻԵ̫˵һ䣬ȥңĻ
һ˾ŵٵ٣Ŵȥʱĳ֣
ңĵطĳ
ܶڵƸߵ㣬Ŵȥʱķ֣
ܸ˶٣һ˿ҲĻԵǴԴǣĴ
ãһ˿˿ıԴ

¡¡ಡ
ֻģĺǿյȵط˲ǣĪ⣬ǧ˰̬չ֣ɺ硢Ʋʺ߹ҡƻ״ޡ
صĹʣÿһһַĳ֡
־󣬳˽ʮʱ䣬˿̵ĺǾģ硰ء
ֻҪɵڸȥʱķ֣ʮǺʮ꣬ҲǺķĿʼ
ɲǻεܸ򣬾ûεһһľһɽһˮܳڷĺС
̫ˣ
ʮʮٵʱ̫֣أ
һ꣬ǴԴǣγɴ֣ȥһ̣
ֻҪץסᣬδ
ϸ˵Ķħ֮ôĳɾͣ벻˴εĴ֣ټϺ֣
Ͳ⣬׼ʥĲˣʱ䶼֤Ԫ
˺ĺûˡ޽ɾ͵˶壬׼ʥʱǺġ
̫֮ǰ̫ˣ

ʮֳʧˣ˿鶼޲źܿ춼۾ʼεã


41 ģ
Ĵ˿̳˴ѹԹ޿ʼΣ
鶼ڸδǵδ
̫Ѿչؽʱ䣬Դĸ̫˵õҪ࣬ڱչصĵһǧ̫꣬˳ͻƣﵽ̫ҽɺڡ
˺̫ȻоܾԲûǼչأ
ֱ̫ľ˳ﵽ̫ҽɺ۷壬ֻһƻþﵽ̫ҽԲĲΣ
ʿҪôǿΪ
֮ǰ̫˾ˮΪﵽ̫ҽɳ۷壡;ֻһС
̫˽ȸУ
֮ǰһֱǾΪ̫ܶ࣬ûΪͻƺĸ֮գ
ҲصģΪܿϾ磬һʱ޿ɽǾͻƣһٶпܣ
̫Ϊ֮꣬ΪƯĴڣûа취ٵΪ
֪Ѱľ֮Ҳҵ֮ټһ̫Ϊ֮
Ҫ֪Ϊľ֮ˮյĽƷֱϵǿ䱾Դ˺Ϊǧ
ˮһŵģ
̫֪δҵľ֮ɣ¹̫ĺܣ֮ϷɽԼ̫ǣ
ЩԿǿΪ̫֮С
Ϊ粻ûǰѰ
ΪѰҲã粻ΪӲƾ磬ǻòʧ
ΪȣǾͱ
ˣ̫ŻԴӺһֱڵôָ̫꣡顢ȵȣΪ˾ͻƣ
ڣ̫˿
Ѿﵽ̫ҽɺ۷ˣ۷Ҳֻһƻˣ
һֿġһѰͻƵĻԵȡб޻
ȻҪΪεĴ֣ôôĵģôиֻ࣬Ǵ˿ֲ
ôͷԪӡˣҪΪһβܸ
̫ĴһкܴջҲǴ˿ֲˣ


ˣûջ񣿡̫ˣԼҲѹʱ򣬿˼ģ̫֪ӦвСջ
ʦ𣩣ǳ˹
ţջУ̫ͷ漴ʯ˵Ȼ̫ɣҪָһң飬˺ģܶʱ䲻
ǣʦӦ
Ψе㲻ʣŵŵʦɲԴң
ƺ
㣿̫üΪﵽ˵ɣûɵΪȥΣգ½ɶ˵Ա㻹Զ
ѱ
ãʦġ޺զ;أԴӽɺƺȤˣ֪֣
Ҫ֪ʯʦֿǶﵽˡ
ȥɣ̫һ֣ͽ̫磡
ΪԲ˿ȥûô̫磬̫ҲС
㰲£ʮΪȽ̫ԪݷԸһ䣬ھϲ˵ˣ
ǣ𣡡ݺ˷ܣ
ǴԵ֮ǰĳ֣ң鲻
ҴˣѹС˺ܶ࣬ݶоԼΪҪˣ
ʮ
̫Ϊ̫֮Ҳңȡ
һǧʱ䣬̫ǳһֱɵĲΣ֮ǰңоģľ磬ʼˣ
ϴѹ֮ǰĻۣȻнΪͻƣ
̫ͬ𾪣˼ˣԺѹС˺ܶడҪΪʱˣ
ܣĿˣԶԴҲͶˣӶսҲˣǺĵݱ𣿲˭İţֻУ
ǧĽ̫̫磡
̫ҪȥʱȻоԼеΣգ̫еԾ
ԼˣʲôԼأ
뵽ǿ֮ԲĹؼ̫֪Ӧ޵֮˺ܹؼ
Ȼ̫Ĵ㹻
˳̫λӣչ˺̫磬ߵ˳ʱҪ
ɻУ̫뿪̫磡
ϺϿյʱ̫ݵһηҲһλֻҪԼСĵ㣬ӦܻΪģ
Σղȥˣǲܵģ
޵֮һ޿һˣ̫ҲУ
֮·ۺִӦһǰݲޣǵģ



42 ̫
뿪̫ܾˣ̫ĿķںĶϿգ
嵺ңѵûʱ̣̫뿪̫磬һ·Ѱ˵еĶɵ
Ǻʧ̫֪ɵǻƬǵǧħеĵ
䵺Ƶرɵǵ񣬻鱦ʲôƷ鱦̫֪
ˣκͱԵûʱ򣡡̫Ѱ˼Ŀˡ
ȻԵѰҲãʱѰңԵһԼѰˣ
ȥǿһ˰ɣȥ̫Ǻ̫ǣ֮Ϸɣ¹ľ֮˺ٵ̫֮һܴչУϱԲˣ
̫ƶļƻǿնȥ
̫֪ľ֮ϵķɣ¹ңʹǱԴƷ
һȫҪģ̫ǵ̫̫֮ǵ̫ܹ֮ܿĲıԴ
̹Ŵ֮ףСӣҲ̫ûиľ֮ԭ
־ǧķУ̫ҡֱϣĵľŲ
ףȻô̫ࣿΪҪԽŲû뵽Ĳһ
֮ȻԵֿˣŲС˺ܶడֹ̫
ΪŲһκܼѵж˿е֮ʧ
һ졢졢ˣɵĴŲĴأѵҰĵԴ
̫ƺ뵽Դ
ŲǿǳӡŲȻܼѡ
˿̣ȴһˡ
ķ촩Ųܼ򵥣ƺǲֻƿػߵǿգȴԷٺĴ۲ԭ
Ҳùģ̫ҡҡͷ
̫ʼԽŲ֮ã
̫ķи·̫˾Ų˺ǿգ
ǿգָ̫оǿձȺĴػҪöܱ࣬Ƚϣ
ǿգôĬĬţӦð»ĴأһᷱģɺļУƺǿûʲôڸУ̫еԺˡ
˴ǿգ˶ǳ첻㵮˶ٴܣǺûڸУ
ѵ£˺ĸǿҲˣ̫ƺ뵽һ㡣
δҲԺĵƺ첻㣬û취ں£ôֻܴƿصǿѰˣ
ܾǽǿûٴڸеԭΪ飬ˣ
ĵۿͶ̫һӺ£֪ˣӦǺǳûٿõˣ
Ȼһֿܾǣǿдܻǿһֱ͵ֺ֮ԴڸСûټأ
һ֣̫Լк˽ˣ
ȥ̫Ǻ̫ǲǹؼ
Ʋ̫Ųȴôãʱȥˣʱ䱻̫ĥˣ־ŲûǿʼþŲĥ壡
Ч̫ܲԪޱȵϣ
˵ǹͬʣÿ̫ΪͻҲͻƣȫûҪ壬Ҳǿ֮
ıԴҲ̫Ԫ飬һ־޵ġ顱
Ԫ壬֮ͬ
뵽ټޣԪԪľԪ񣬴˺󻹴ˡ˾幦
Ҳûʲô߼޾ˣ
ܴ̫ǱԴ߼ޣϺʵһһô򵥣
򵥵Ӿǣ̹ԪҲ̹Ԫ̹ʮ壬Ҳ̹žѪ
ҪǼ̹壬̹ԪأǾ޵ˣ
̫ˣ߼ޣ


ŸӦУ̫ķкڵ̫ǣ
ȻеҪ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ̫޷ݵ̫ǣе𺳣
ǵصϮ⻹ǾԶԭҲ̫Ǿ߸ٵĳѾԭҪ̫Ǳܻ῾ɴĺ
ֲõۿˣҪڰ˸ٵǣΪ̫ǳˡҪǲ˸ٵĳƺǣһϫǣ̫뵽
ҿҵΪ嶼ﵽ̫ҽɵĲΣӦû취̫ǣ²붼СҪ̫Ҫȵھ̫ǣΪﵽ޽ɵĲΡ
̫˼һᣬе˵̫ǿ֮һֻ̫Ļѣ
̹Ŵ۾̫ž̫
ֻ̫Ϊ̫ںӦøֲ˵ǻ֮Ľϣ
̫е㻳˵ʱ̵ģʱɶµģ
ڵã̫С



43 İ
ȵĻ濾̫żӿķ籩̫ά裡
̫ǱĴѰɣҲҪ˳̫Ũĵطȥˣ̫մ˰취У
ʵڲֻܼˣΪ忴ܼѣ̫ھ̫籩뵽
о֮⣬ҲһΪĻ棬ħԼаĿǣ
̫ʱ̫ѹټ
̫̫ǣѰһӵļƻ̫⽫һѰ֮ã
̫ʱ䡣
ڣһ˶󡢸ľǰ
ֻɢĻ棬һȼյĻ
һ֮ľ֮
̫Χŷɣһ飬ַɣûеǣڱǿԵʣûеǵϣˣ
̫񣬼ֵ̫ĵطǹƽģɣҲܵǣŽֱ׷ˣ̫˼
̫ΪҪշɣ¹ľ֮ԲһҪˣɣ̫ˣ˵Լʮ˶û£
һյٶȣ˵ûɣָٶȿ죡
뵽̫ң̫ǡ̫ˣ
˴ɣľ֪֮Ҫá˺ʱϻ֮ܶ࣬ǰ֮ʱ䣡̫뵽
̫˿С
̫ǵǣҪҪʱ䲼һЩ󷨣ľ֮ʱ򱻴ţ
˼ǰΪ˰ȫ̫ûǰȫҪ
˺̫˽ǧʱ䣬һʱ󷨣Ҫ赲ãһ±˴ˡ
˺̫ʼľ֮֮á
¡¡
Ũľ֮ԪֻԪʼٵת
̫֮ϵıʱ֮ȡߡԼ컯Ҳʼѹľ֮
ľ֮º͵Ķ̫࣬еűĸоȴûн֮˺ѵĸо
һꡣ
̫ԪϵԪתǰӰ֮ľ֮ʼԲ
ֱˡһ̫붨˹
̫ҽˣֻҪܴܿﵽԲ̫˷ܵ˵
Ϊľ̫ޱȵ
ΪľǶ̫ĵΪǿоԼģݶ˾޴Ľ
̫ҽԲ˵̫һᣬֿʼ֮ã


˿̵ĺģȴֵĶˣǾٵĻۣ˾޴Ľ
ֱһ죡
ۣ޾̹Ŵˣ
۳֮ϸܾޣֶܶܳ죬ֶǱԨ¹ͷաáߡס㡢צӥƻţ
ȻεһΪΪΪӦΪ
Ϊ컯ߣоצξΪڵΪΪǿ󣬻ξнɺΪ

һصľ޺ƺõħָһ㣬ԣȻӦˣǿˣ
ںϷɽҲܻζͻ棬ΪΪˣͬԴ̹Ŵ
̹Ŵֺ壬ͬڵٳˣҪл롢ˮ롢롢īɡ
֮棡顱֮
С塱һǷһ֮֮
Ϊӡһ֮
䲻˵ҪԸ
⣬ĳúΪ֮⣬ҲнĳĸӷˣУĳƾȻֱưǰʮ
Ժܼɵ
ÿһڤڤжúӦǰٻζĴһ
Ȼ壬ĳû˴Ϊ֮һú𾪣
ÿһĳźԵֶһɣȻкܶٻεħ̽һ£
ϾŴˣ£ٶȼӿ󣬺ܶħܿʼ£ˡ
Զ֣ȻҪԣ
һûʲôΪǿߣѡҪôҪô
̫û˸ţȴŵģ
̫Ĳ㣬رˡ
С껯νΪоŸ廯нɳΪʣΪĸǲ١
һһǿˡ
棡˵ٻζħܣ಻Զ
ǺĴܣκģύܶǿߡҲ£˵Ĵ㣡
д˴㡣
԰ıǮ鱦λΪƷ鱦ὣж鱦ӡ
һһΪӦ֣ڵ֪ٻε飬ȫ̹ŴѪ뷨ˣ
̹ſ٣Ȼ˵İС
ܶշ˲С壬ʹ˴ߵĺ壬º˿Ϊİǰʮ֮У



44 Σ
벻̫컯Ҳ֪ʱܼ嶨Ҫл͡
ǼǼʱ峤֮⣬ȻûǣݴȴҪмġǵԸ¶ƴǣ
̫˴ܣõĵطڵ̫Сˣ
ˣ֪̫֮òȽ̫񣬽ֻ̫𣬲ҪҺҪСꡰġһ
ɣ
ͬ⣡

˵󣬺˾ô˷У׷ױʾͬ
˺ĴѰңһУҵһ۵龧С갴ռ̫ģ̳̫Ʈݵӣ
һʮƷ̨гһ̡

Ķˣ̫֮𣿡
Ӧǣ̫𵱳ʱֻ峤˵ǣ峤е̫ģ
ȻƮң˫۾㿴ֿ͸䣬ˣ
˵̫˵پͻζħܣ
ɲǵٻΣ峤˵ؼڶζʱǧ򹧺أһεĺ涼ҪƸʤ
Ƕħܣ
ܶˣصľ޴󣬿ʼһ̫ݣ
˵壬ȻǶ֮Ҫǲ֪̫µ̨е̣ǲҲǶ鱦
ܰɣһ鱦̫Ƕ鱦ɣ
̫С̫ˣе鱦ҾһǼƷ鱦Ҫôϵ󣡡
ţǼǼǼƷ鱦
͹ˣһͲˣ
ô˵һʵ
˵ؼһžż㿪֪ô󣬿¾ǵҲѵõ

һںĽ̸ЩСΪ֮Цѣ
оԼ̫СˣҪ֪̫ʱһ̰ĶûУֻΪԼѣ
𣬲֪Сʱټһ棡Се˸У
̫͵̫ˣ
峤Ҫ棡
С˸еʱһβ˽
£
峤Ԥе鷢ˣһˣԳ棬ҪǺ泼ǵΪɲ⡭
Сһʱһݣ
𣿡Сĵǵ
ȥһۣС֪Ҫԣû˵г壬߱Ϣ˶ȥ


ţ嵹мΪģֻǽɳڣ˽ɺڣʰǺɣ˵鱦
Ư棬ֻͷӣгһὣ
Ŷ㣬֪Ų
Ҫ˵廹û׷ʣָˣҪôҪô𣡡
һʱ䣬֪ϢĺʱˣŭСС־߸ǲ٣ҿ־߸࣡
Ͼǿ壬Ȼ̫컯費Ը񰡣
кд󶨣ôѳɣ˵˵Ҫȥǵ峤᲻ţôС壬峤ܵ첻ɣ
С껯ûãΪչ̣ûлΪ壬˿ȻǾβʮβˡ
ʲôС˿̱֣Աֱϵ
ֻΪɲǿ˭Сġ
ǰ棿СһǣڵΪо˽ɺΪҼԲ
Ǻ峤̽СΪһݣû뵽澹ȻнڵΪе㼬֣
뵽Լ鱦д󶨣
СŮӺģǺ峤֪ǰ£ʵ
ߣһĪҪװͿ֪ûʱͶȷѿ࣬ҪôҪôȫУ
ҲŭЦǰħܣῴ֮壬ǰĪЦѰȿģ
ţһҧһЩܵջ󣬶ʱӼˡ˺ҲϻзϻҲ٣ֻŭССȻ֮ҲҶʹãһ
һֻеὣʱâɣһ޴âϯ
֣
ˣмƻСճʱ򣬼ͽˣ
Կֺ󣬾ŸΪĺ壬Сһͬˣ
ұֻȫԸ
ûж鱦еģֻǵε˵㡣
塭
廯һ⣬Ϸһʷ֮ȥ
䣡һ
ֻСʮֵĽâײһ
ͣ
ܿˣ˳Сɫ԰ףʣĶѪ
һغϾͶʤˣɼǿҲɼὣΪƷ鱦
ߣһߣɲγһâĹȫ赲⣬˿û˵棡
ǶֶΣ
ã˺ǿУ
Сû뵽ǿ󣬶鱦Ҳ
廯ûãȱٵ̣Ҫú巢չһԪᣬ࣡
Ҳǿ׼ʱɣ
ЦΪСһѵ赲𣿡
ֵ̫Сˣ治˵޵У治κˣ
ȷϺףĵȷȷħܣ
Σˣ



45 Ϸֺ壡
Ȼʱ
ডһԶŵĽɫ棡
壬֮𣡡Ҫֵ
һıԴ֮ͨ𡱣˻ΪŴ֮һзãҾ귨
һ֮ĸ裬겻ԡ
һһ۾ϷںȻܹע⣬ϷĴһĹעħ棡
ϸ˵ͱһ尵й۲ˣԲʺֻǲ֪ѣ
ֻֻյķһ˸˲ƶ˺һһŮϡӺݵŮģ
֪λΪģгֽĿŷʼ˷򸾡
ǺǣֻһЦλϷ̹ͬŴѪȻһĸӹȴ֪
㣡һʱŭ֪²򵥣
ժˣԼղŵΪȫһ֪ˣ˳һ廹˺ʵ
ߣһǲ̫ˣշλб𣿡Ц
һЦȴЦˣһԵ׺ǿΪעĸǲ٣ֻûѡڵѶԱ˵Щǲ̫Ϸˣ
Ҫһˣ֪²Ϊˣֻ˵ǿΪˣ

˿̵ĺˣһ͹ˣû뵽·ɱһ塣
ⶼǰѺһ嵱ɷġ
ϸ飬ձĺĹ켣ȷڷһ壬˺Ǳ롢ǿءѹȣ
Ǻʲô˵ıԴǽĺʢ˥ʢŮʿҸȻ֮˫¯
ǵı仯֮Ŀ
ǿϵĻţֻίȫҪϵ棡
⡭Ҫ𣿡
һʱ䱾ǵ壬˲ɽѹۿҪΪӹˣķգ

һ浹Ҫȷһֻͣһ
ߣǺ죬
ΪƷ鱦˻Ҷ棬ӦУÿһеͨĪ
죡ֻеĽԱһöûУһݡ
û뵽һ廹ֶΣ
ʱеˣ˭֪ⱦ죬һ廹ûбֶΣ
Ѿ֮Ц
ߣû뵽һ廹ȱ죬ΪֻǷ֮Ϊ֪ܷӶ
Цֻн۷Ϊûٶ֡˿û취̫ǿˣǲ
˿̵ĺģ˲⣬е鱦ǿ񣬾ʹʵǿ
ģһ̹ŴϵᣬȻд塣ΪҲʱʼ˿ˡз򳪸ζ
ҲŭЦ˫κβ˱˴ˣҲá治λӦѾкܶڹ۲ˣ
ʼһ漴üͷһ壬һ£ֹȻˣкܶڹ۲ǡ
ڵĺĿɲǵ̫ʱʱ飬Ƕúܣ
ȻúеƵģǶֻбܵޣǼΪƻûֻɱ¾
δ㣿ͬоûǾΪá
ѾˣϾħ޲ߣõȴҪˡ
һΪҪһˣһһɺã
Сԭ屯ķԼ˹Ϸˣ
Ҳֺ̫ͨȻûǿĹֻҪֵסȻǺǰϵˣ
ңûǿ鱦첻㣬Ѿ̫Ĵ裬ȴûɳ
ɣ£ϷĿʼҪȫ£˵ǽշϷͲðˣ˵ϷҲϷ֡ʼŮԣҰĺͰһ㶼Сд
֪˿̲һˣӦܸӦܶڶǣΪΡ
úԼѡղѹȺ壬嶨֮ǣȻֻҪŵӻ壬֪ôѡʼЦ
ţһЦ֮
飬ȴǲõλѾΣҪ˫ʤ𣿡
⵹أæӦ
һ岻ѹС壬Ȼǿѣ˵һΪȴǿˣȲúԼѡΪãǸѻǸһ壡
˵꣬һ˵ĪҪǿѣڹ۲˵صĵѿǲٰ
ղŹ۲˵صĴҪЮڱ潫ˣ
ǺǣȤ
ˣô죿
վûѡذڴˣ

ܶ౻ĴܣĶԻ󣬸ԷӦͬ
ߣһܣ֪Լ춪ƤˣȴֶȥֻҧгݵĶԷ˶ɣ
˵ʱˡ


46 ˵תۣ
ţ˷һ峤̹ͬŴѪڶѡ񡭡ʤȯյĶԴڵĺ˵
ô峤Ԫ󽹼ʣ
ǰ峤ô죿ѵҪΪǸӹλʮǿ尡

еСк䣬Լǿˣ
峤˵̫ӻ𣿺βһԪ˵
԰
ǰ峤̫εͷһ壬ῴڵϣΪҵȡ
ƺҵϣһʱ۵ĺ֡
Сͬһϲ̫ˣԼ̫ͬ⣬ʹţ̫֪˻
ڹܲЩˣֻˣ
桢ʼˡλԳ󣬾ͳ̫һʱ̫Ͷ֮λȸӹ̫ǡ
Сܴû̫вҲû˵̫ӻǣһģɵĴ𰸣
˵̫𣬿ǵڶһ
Ѻܹ㣬ȻʶĵһٶȣҲǺңǿ߻档ӻ֪̫ˡ
̫ƳмӣҪΪθԼ̹ѹ飡
Ȼ֪ΪĵڶҲ˵һֱûгĺǰλε飬ܲӣ
˵̫ʱ澰
Ϻɱˮ̫𣿡һȣæʵ
ǣС겻֪ȴо̫ڴɱˮ֮£̫ף
ˮΪһɱĴܣ᲻úĴ𾪣ʱ̽飬Ѿ֪ˮôˡ
ʱˮѾڵΪˣ𣬿֪
鷳ˣʼü
ǵģû뵽澹Ȼλйϵ˵̫ʱǧأ˼ģҲƣ
鷳ˣͬҲоܣ
ȥ󷨣üǵģĺ֪
󷨳ȥСλ뿴̫Ⱥ
˲ȥֻ̫ĵںصءƮݡصģΪ֮һ㶣
̫𣡡еԾ˵
֣͸ƺ̫
⡭⡭Ҳе㣡
˲ô£ΨС֪
ڸ̫ʱڤڤָ֪Ӧóƺ̫Ϊ̫
ɲǣʱƺеۣѹ֣
ˣй۲һеĴܣһе𾪡
ѾĵĹأ
ؾǿΪ棡Ǵ˿̺ĵĹأ
ΪվߴĴܣȻĺܣǷĻûС
˿ƺܡ֮Īĸеѹ֣˭ͷϻһڣ
е㳬ǵ
ഫֳֻ̫ôһ̨
££֣̫Ǻˣ
ֻ˵̫ģɣ

һʱ䣬̽Ĵܲ²
հհգȻ̫ѱӻһȴΪѣȷ򸾸ˣϾõŵµǲΪԷˣ
Ȼܲ˵ºԶڤڤƺди֪Ҫ̫ͻƺѪ
ডড
ʵķʼҲкֱ뿪ˣ
ʣµʱеԼˣһ䡰˴ĸˣֱӰƵǰأ
շģںһܵķһ뿪ˣô죿
ѵҲ˴һ仰˺뿪
ǣ
֪̫ϾһٶѾһ뿪ˣһУЦƤ
ƤСûǴ󰡣ΪҪҪ
ߣһȻ̫ӻڲΪȣǡ̫ѡ顯ȴ̫
仰˵꣬־̫һˣûˣ
һûѡ񰡣
棬λĴܵĿ̫˿̶иӦֻҪһ㣬ͻᷢǰ
̫᲻òԣͱΪˣǵİ
˵ղǾ仰ʱ򣬾Ѿʼô̫ˣ
ͬĺܶҲʼ˷ܡĵſϷˣ
̫Ǵˣⶨú𶯣
Сз䣬֪Լˣ̫鷳ˣô죿
Сˣ


47 ̫Ǳ
ȴ˵̫
ϴΪ̫ҽں̫ľ֮Ѻôﵽ̫ҽ۷塣
ţƺʲôͱǣΣǺͣܺͱǣ̫Ҳƣ
Ϊ߹ʲôèܺǣġ
ǡ
̫뵽֪ȴȻҪǣǺǡ˼ˣ˿ȴϾעԲȥ鲻٣
˵̫꣬ľ֮һ꣡
̫˿ͨ
ȴ˵Ӻһģ
һ꣬й۲ĺĴܶˣˡ֪ϢѰ棬̫滯ɸΪ񲯣ĪҪ

ϣ̫˿¶棬Ĵɻˣ
ʲô̫濴ˣ滮µ̫ȴ
ӿʼţΪ̫ˣ
Ѳɴ⣬̫һ֮Ե̫Ǹ̬֮߰Ȼ̫ûѰѣҲ̫ҲãɸΪ֮ΣȰ
ѹˣ᲻ǰ㲻ǣֻ˽̸ѡȻΪ⣬ȴҲĴҫ
ͺãѺ̫£ƶҲͷˣƶʹ˸ǡԲҲöҪκģѰң֮أ
˺һ󣬻ᣬң·
¼һֱܶۡ
Ӵ˿ʼԵٻεĴܣʿǰλܲˣ
ƺǾòˣ޷ǻѣ
̫йһ֮Ե޲TΪ˺ܲ⣬Ȼ̫һ֮Եִ̫ڵĸܷ߰У
ƺýǲУ
޲Tɻе㿴̫ˣ
ˣֹ̫֮꣬ѳЦ̸
Ϊ˵˺ܾãƺ¹̫ᡢһߣҲû˼ע⡣
Һܵ͵ҲԣǸ壡


ãˣ
̫ǵֻ̫𣬼Щϯ̫
̫ʱΣֵĵز
̫ǣȻ𲻾˵֮𣿡̫˿ޱȵƣ
̫Ǹȶûȹ̵״̬
˿̣Щһǣüȶ̫±
̫ں֮ǰľ֮Բﵽ̫ҽ۷ĲΣ
̫ûоʹ˽ǰԤĿ꣬
̫ľ֮Բľ𣬴˺ۣ̫֮ǣ֮ΪŨĵط
һ֮ڴˣ
Ϊˣ̫̫Ŀ
Ϊ󣬶̫̫ԼѹǿˣϾķ̫û֮ǰյ̫ǵǱ
Ѱ˺̫ܶ꣬Ѱһ˴֮֮أ
̫˷󷨺󣬿ʼ˱չ
ϵ鷢ˡ
ڳ̫ĺ˳֪Ӻʱʼ̫Ǳˣ̫Ż棬ʼӿ
̫ΪзȴȻѵĵز
ȻĪıڵ㣡
̫ȫԶߣ̫Ǳ
ֻҪ̫֮Ǳ󣬾ԻܱǿıԵǣġսʱʮ̫ŰĶҪأ
̫ԼʥĸҪΣָܣ
˿ڶ࣬컯ͶʮƷ
ûΣգȴ˽ѵĵز
ʱ֮Ⱥͺѹϱ̫Ǵ󱩶ǲˣȴסˣǺãѵҪڴѹ̫ǣ̫ƽΪֹ̫Ƶ뵽
̫ǵĺȻ̫ܣĶӦˡ
һʱܶǽţҺòʱ̫Ǳֹͣˣúһ
֣ô̫⣬졢졢ˣΪʱƿߣǳӡ
̫ǺȻȸϵҪһ̽
˵̫Ǳֹͣˣ̫ͻ֮ʵҲ̤̫ǣֻΧ鿴
£̫֮ף֮ǰ޹ؽҪڲƽ𣿡ص
ΪǿҲǣûһ˿ΣΪֻҪ̫ƽ˾ͺá
Ҫ̫ЦЦ˭㾹Ȼݱ㵱Ǵ
¾ͺãҵȻץ£ǿ飬Դ˺ԺĺҪʱΪҪȥһˣܲټ֮ţֲ˵
ɣ
˶̫ǵ̽;ϣ̫ȴأ



48 ʳ
ãôʱ֮Ѻôﵽ̫ҽɺڵĲΡ̫˼ǰֻˣ
ȴ룡
Ȼ
䡱һƺĽˣ֮ǰ̫ҽɺڵľ磬˲̫۷ĲΡ
֮ǰѹƣ¾ȹ̣˿̾Ȼһʰĵز̫ҽ۷壬̫ҽԲ
̫һ
Σպͻ棬֮磬Ȼﵽ˲ΣֻҪżиܽ״޽ɵľ硣̫ϲ֮鲻Ա
̫ҽɺڵľˣֻһ
û뵽±Ľ󣬾Ȼ˲ô࣡һ֮󣬼ܹ֮Ϊﵽ̫ҽԲĲΣֻҪһʱܽ״޽ˣ
𾳽ȹ̣ΪʵܴﵽǻʮƷĵزǺǡʮƷԵ֮𲻱صģ
̫Խ״޻ʮƷһ㶼ģ
ĳĻΣˣȵĴ裬̫ޣضʮƷʮƷ
ԣ̫̫۷ʱۣͣΪÿһ⣡
뵽ˣ̫ڴ
޽ɰУ޽ɲǸְ̫̾
ΪһпռңΪĥ֮⣩һʱңĲˡ
ʱǴ޾ˣ
Ȼµ㣬ϾغģغȻҲ治ˣ
⿴óغĲ𣬴߲
ֻд޲޵Ŀʼ֮ǰоվ֮һֻдޣ֮ڶĿʼ߲ſԷſѰ
̫΢ޱڴ
˽ʮƽ
вȣ֮Ķˣָ̫֮ƽ޲״̬
֮ǰ̫̫֮Ǳ
˿̫ʱ֮Ⱥ컯ѹס˱ѹס̫ǣѹס˴˴Ľڵ㡣
Ҫס̫ǣҪ޽ɲСȻѹ̫ǵҲҪǿС
Ȼʱ֮ȵǿޱȣκ̫ܲ˰վǰָ
̫ѹƽͬʱ֮
ʱúܿ죬ϰٸԪȥˣ̫۾ʱ̫֮֮ʵˡ
һ֮֮ˮ֮ľ֮֮ѾʵԲˣֻʵ̫ܴ֮ﵽ̫ҽԲΪ
ʱֻҪһ̫ӶΪ޽ɵĲΣ
֮ǰԤУεгΣлȫȴˣû֮ȴ֪Ҫٵʱ䣡
̫ǰԤΣԵ棬һʧ
Σ֪㲻㣿˵ûΣգԵеɻ
ѵԵǱ𾳽̫˼ܲ⣬Ե֮ǰѾֻһĵزھ㲻ϻԵ
ѵбĻԵɣڱڴˣʲôԵԼ𣿡̫뵽ȴòô𰸡
κΣ˿޷ֻüȹΪΪȹ̺󣬼֮Ѻôﵽ̫ҽԲ

һչؾ꣬ĵһѾ棡
ʱ䵽˵ڣѹ˺󣬵һνˣ޿ʼζǻأģǵ˻ߣ
޻棡ħͳޣ޻ʳƹܺıһϯġ
ã˿̫̽ҽɵ棬¶צ
һѸģİ塢λԵĵ·
У޻һߡֻءȴûǰѸأǰ£ޣΪĻ֡
ʮߣ軡桢񡢻硢ꡭߣҲʼ£֮¡
һʱ䣬ȸе־ħܡ
ܣһֱ£ˣѺΪ˿޻ʳĽΪ
ı޼棬Ϊ޵ˡԴƣС
ħ޼棬޼ʳһʳɵ֮ӻʳɵ֮㻯
޼Ѹ棬ı𶯣˺˺ģǳ֮ء

֮±ҪӴúܣٶȵһĻģⶼˣ˶ٵط
˵ļĺǿաС硢ؾȵȡ
޼Ѹ棬Եĺôˣڽ޼ʳ󣬶ʱھȻͶ޼ܸˣҲúܶ۲
̫桭̫ʳ
桭ʳ
桭ʳ
һʱڶʳ˺ԡ
潨ĻʳΪʢϾ󰡣Ƶ̫ҳܲ
˿̣ɽкˣҲ߳˵ʼġ˳֮á
һ飬ƽ



49 ŭĺ
ǣϵջû뵽ʵĻںһؾУһߺĺ棬д컯̾
Ѿ̫ҽΪǵɽУ֮Ǳޣǣ˳Ӧģѡġ
һ·ãɽõ˼Ʒõ˼Ʒ鱦ؾ
ؾУֵõ˲ȱ컯;ˮۣ컯ȻƣȻĲΣ
ˮҲǼƷ鱦
İ̹ᦡͷȣȣƺ̫Ҫǿ
̫˿̱̫ǣĺģѾܶ鱦ʼˡ
õ컯ĺӣ
컯ǧӡǣû̫Ԫ棬컯ӡ̣úԽǧ
֮Ժɵʬ֤֮벻컯Ĺ͡
컯ǼƷնʬһ鱦ɼĴնʬֻܼĴһΣ컯ȴܼʬ
ʬϵΪֻкԭ
ʬһԴһ鱦ȻܹɺһûˣѰ֮ﶼѣĻʬе鱦ͬͬԴ֮ͲˣԵ£ʬһһûУ
⻹Ǵ˿컯컯£첻ϳ
ĺ̽˴ؾ©뿪˴˴

߾أǵˣ콫е鱦ǬʳǬ£鱦ᣬʸǬ棬ҲǬʳɱһ
˿̻ǺĺҲΪǿ鱦û뵽߳ؾͱһ֪ʲôסˡ
ۣ̽飬ֻۡţͷֻ֡ëβ͡
֪֮ôݣΪǲΪ
ҪܣѾ˴ˣһǬʳͻдǰȰʵʵĽ鱦򡭡ߺߣŵ
һŭˣô˵Ҳǿһ飬˵ܶȴ˽۲ΧССôţֱдʲôǬʳ浱Һ۸
㽻߰Ĺǳ
ꡭŭˣ
һ֣ĹһĿӰˣ
߱ɱ֮ˣ˿̵ԶȺܶħ֪Ķ࣬ģɱ¾ΪҲϵԲҲкô
¡һ֪ôɵĹˤòᣬҿֻССѵûɱ֡
ףⲻţͷô⣿ֻһȺˡ͹ڵϵţͷ˺ɻ
漴һͷģһòȻɷǵϵ˵Ǭ棬淢һؾ
ǬʳûãǬ˻ûѰʵǿҿɿ£ھһȺں֮ڡ
֮ǰһؾػбǬ˵֪󣬱Ż㱨֮ˣǿΪƿ󷨣õ
û뵽ؾġţͷȻ
Ǭһ֣һɫâסţͷˣţͷ˻˹
һ̸Ǭ˵֪ԭѱ˵õţͷãһ˹ȥɳôԶ

棬Ȼ˲ǬʳܷŹǵˣʱ
ǰ棬Ϊ̫ˣʳ˲Ŷʢ룬ܶм룬ЧһҪ
棬ֻҪɹкܶǬʳ
ǼǼǴţͷ˵ģǸܣһֻҪҲ롣
ߣǶģҪ̫˾ͺˡ
̫类ƵˣǱ̫ģǺˡ

һ۷׷ףǬʳΪʲôǬʳǿʢ
ᣬΪҲͺԼͬΣ鱦ԼǬǬȡǬǬͼһϵǿ鱦
ǬǲģһƷ鱦ж
ߣҪ̫ҲҪѵһ٣ҲˣֻҪˣûͶֻҪʳʢˣҲǿˣǿΪȻҲǿᵹǺǬ뵽
̫̫ǣ鱦ˣڸˣĺġ֤֮ˡ
뵽ˣǬ˵ѸؾȥΣǵ˱ܡ
һᡭ
ȻûܣϵǵʵȻҲ̫Ϊһ㣬ǬȴǬĿź
治֣֮ţǬ˵
һ㶣ãƢãҲ
һ飬ȻȻ

Ǭ˲е٣һе


50 ̫ҽԲ

Ǭ˲е٣һе֮ǰֺе£
ѿǺѣǬʴ
ߣŭȴĪҪ˵ϻϵĶ꣬ȵһŭҽһУ
һֻĿ̹ᦳС
˿ĵһ̹ᦣѶ࡮ָ̡⡰ָ̡Ǭۣ
Ҫǵõܣݵλܸߣ˵Ǭƿڴֻ˭֪Ѻĵһǳˣôǡ̫
Ǭһǿеġ̹ᦡǺĵһ˳ˣ
ˣǬ治Ҵ⣬ҷǬгͷϣ
ֻǬ֮ƣǬΧ
̹ÿл罣ޱȡƴ
ʱ֣֮Χǣķ籩˺Ѵءǣ
ֻʵ³ɣǬǬ˼Ʒ鱦ǬǬ⣬ǿ鱦
һС
һǬưգֻƴúСˣ
䣡һ֮ײʲܶȥʱԲڣɽ꣡
̹֮罣ֻǱ赲һ£һǬȥ
Ǭ治ȫ߶Ǭ
ʹɷҲ
һҽУ·ǿǬһֱ罣
ǬϴҲ˷ãȻн壡
Ҫ֪Ҫס̹ᦵĹ̫ͼ߻ӵͬΪ鱦Ҳ̫ľԷ
ǬƷ鵤ǲȴվ̰
ס֣һԣǬо
Σյڣ򲻹ǿܷס뻹ܣ
илʳڣܲð
ִ򲻹ֻίҪֹ꽻ã
ߣкλ˵ʹ죬һأǵͷɢģ֮ǰǷŭҲС˺ö࣡
ѣǬ棬ᰡǬһ͡
ţͷ˲ԣݺʲôģ
˵˵ĽͣܲţҲڽսˣյõ컯ֻҸطúòһһ㶼鷳
ǬСʵҲɱʹɱġ
ȻǬѰ˵ˣϵҲΪѣ˱ɣֻ컯ǡ
Ѿˣĵһزվͻᴫģⲻˣ
ƶʢǰ֮Ǭʳһ𣡡
ˣϵãĲµͲȥͷǬˣ
һһߣߵˣһޱȵƣ
ǬݺݵĿ飬̾ϢһﲻͰ
һ鳦ӶˣǬ⵹ãĪ˵ˣ
ô͡أһ˸̾
ǰһ²͵ӡˣô̫ˡޱȰգ


ףԣôôǣѵʲô£̫۾ֹ
һʱ䣬ƺܶ˶Ĭţܱǣ
ǵ飿Σգݻ̫磬̫Ĵĺûƿ̫뵽
ˣˣֻҪû£ͷˣǾã
ֽ̫˱չУ
Ԫ̫֮ȫԲˣΪǴﵽ̫ҽ۷塣
˿ΪȫһˣֻҪһ̫ܽĴ޽֮
˺̫Ϊ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҫͻƴ޽ɲô򵥵ģҪԵ
һʱ̫Ϊܽ󣬿ʼ
ͨ棬ݷȵȣ̫һһڡϣ
֮ǰǽɵʱ̫ܽãˡ
̫ҽԲָ̫ݴʱĸ۽磬ʼ¼̫ҽɾĸ͹
֮ǰ̫ҽɲԲ̫ûżһСκӿ¼ǵŴ˿̵Բһ󾳽ӣ
Բ̫¼ɸͨȡ̫ҽԲ󣬼¼̫ҽɾ򹦷ȣȴ޽Բ̫Ӵ޽ɵĹ͸
ֱ̫ʥ˵Ĳκ󣬲ſɰѡ£
ֻ˼Ԫᣬ̫Բ̫ҽɾġ
붼¼ڣһĵİٿȫ飡
̫Сͨǧͨʮ
ҪǱһõԻһɳ죬̫ȫˣʲôУ
˺̫־羹ȻɶĸоϲΪˣֻ˽ʮԪʱ䣬˼鱦
ֱǸʯ˵ġ컯ӡʯ˱ʯơ
͸ӵġ컯̡ıƣʺӵĿռ䷨ӡ
͸˵ġ컯塱˱ƣģ
͸ޡѽõǣ֮ǰơ컯¡ʹɱˮ˵ģſԴ顱ˮԼƵġ컯Ǻƫˡ
ľ鲻Σ̫һ䡰ʮƷȹȥϴãʺľ飡
Ϊ񣬸Ƶļ鱦ﵽƷ鱦ĲΣղ죬ʯҪˣ



51 
ˣ̫ƽ𣿡
̫۾Ȼʧˡ
ٵĳѹ̫ƽڴѾõ̫Ŀ
ڿ뿪ˣ֮Ȼǳô鷳̫ãߵĺܣˣȻԹ
ľ⣬ڣԲҲˣ̫Ļ£һ֮ģ
̫ʱ֮Ⱥ;Ĺ۲һ£ֵȷƽˡ
ǳ뿪ĺã̫ǣӵȽʱѰҰɣ̫˼
̫ˣռƻǿյģֻغģ
֮ǰкܶǣָ̫Ҳ浽ʲôԤʾԼ
̫ǾĺԶҸžŲ̫ΪҲݳǰ̫뾡ȥ
ⲻ֪˿̵ѾˣȻǳЦ֮˳㻹ӿ˷һ壬֮ǰΪ棬˭֪Ľ
ķʼеƣе̧ͷ
ף
̫Ҫ뿪ȻǣƺбڲԶ
ȥ̫ԥһ£бﲻúܲԣȥĺá
ˣŨĻ飬ѵǻ鱦ʲôģ̫е㲻ȷ
Ҫ鱦̫ȡ̫ɲˣŲ̫ǱǾͲˣ
ǣ
̫ǣ֮еɻ
̫飿Իе㡭ǣ̫һʱû
ֻ̫飬лһɫ壬ƺ΢ܷӦֺ̫̫Ҫܣ
գ̫ǻߣʱ֮һӣһ̫鱻һȴһһУ
̫鿴һ󷨣󷨣Ҹͣм̫Ĺͻ֮Ĺ
̫ǲ̫£ȴûʵ˱̫Ƕ˵ͱˣ
ˣõһ̫̰ģ̫Ұο
ʱ֮ȣֻ̫ѾƷˣʱ֮Ƚ̫ǰ̫һ֣һȵĸоϯ
̫飬ÿµĻ棬Ǵ޽ɶҳܣҺûǲṥֻܱܵķ̫е̫龪һɲ
ѵǵۿδ̫һûǣ̫۳ɣ̫ƺ뵽ʲô
ǿֻһűԴǱƺľˣػκĵۿ̫һˣҲûܰݻɣҪԪ޽ɵĲΰ̫̽һ󣬳Ծ
˿̵ͼ̫֮鱾ԴֻǸۣûʱ̣
˵ûеǵĽܴﵽ֮ĲΣʧһֱԴ˺ʧһֱԴǵۿͶ̫һĴ㵮ʲôǣȻɱȶ˲θ߶ˣ
߲̫ߣֺİţ˱Դζʣ̫ƺ뵽ʲô
ӦúҲ²Ĳ࣬Ūˣƻֺ󣬰һЩδǿĴڸƽˣϾƽ͹֣
̫ⲽᶨ뷨հհգȻĶǾɣҪǣֻ˶ѣһܵõһͨˣûǵϾԴ۳ɻ֮ĲΣǿ˭
ңһУȫ˶򰡣νһͨͨÿһַ򵽼ޣʵ
뵽⣬̫Ȼã޽ɵľ羹ȻˣƺֻҪһͱͱơ
Ӽᶨˣ
ҵð취ˣȫѰϾԴ֮飬󲻽һͨһܴͨ˭бǳһеأ
̫Ķһ󣬴֪Σ˺֮أǵһססڣʱȴҪȥѰһ£ܷ֮飬Ҳ
Ǻ֮أ˺һ߽ͨУ
ʵۿ̫һһ黯ζԴܸߣȴǺͻκ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳ޽ɵĲΣɼ֮ţ
뵽̫ٳɣ̫飬ƿ̫֮ͨ
Ҳ̫Ԫһ˾֪ҲԴͻǵűըɣ
̫Ԫ̫飬̫ƺ̫ܡ
̫ӦԴ̫߼ԭ
е㡰зأ鱦飬
úܶҪƴһ飬Ʒζ
ţôˣã
û̫꣬鷳ˣҪ̫飬ֱ̫ˣ



52 
û̫꣬鷳ˣҪ̫飬ֱ̫ˣ
ѹ
̫˲˳ʱ֮ȣһףֻʱȵռ䷨ۣʼѹ겻̫ǡ
ã̫Ҳ̫ȫȫѹ̫ǣ
ûԪе̫飬ȻҲˣҲʼƺҪ̫Ԫƿء
ߣݲ㣬򣡡̫Ԫϵ߿ʼ֮⣬̫ⷴ飡
붯ң̫һʱܱԪе̫飬һ̫ջ
ԪбǺΣյһ飬̫Ԫǿһʿͱ궯Ԫˣ
̫ǵı̫еˡ
Σ̫Ǳֻ䣬̫ѡİΣ̫Ǿͽʱ֮ˡ
̫漴ʼȫ߶̫飬ֻҪ˾Ͳˡ
̫һʱ뵽̫ǱԭҪ̫飬Ȼ̫ûٷ˼̫ȴиӦ
ԼĺҪһȻԸˡ
̫ȷǸӡ̫ĳÿС볢һڵǹΪƭܶ鱦ȡ
Ȼ̫̫֮ʱ֮ȣȴԺˣ

̫ôֱˣҺñΧ󣬲ǣģ
ѵ̫ʲô飿ÿÿأҪҪȥ˵лԵĴ뵽ˣ̫Σյĺܣǲȥĺá

磬̫ôֱˣǿޱǣ˿̵֮ף졢졢ɵļƻ֮·
ǰʱ˺ɨΧǿգ£һҪѸͳǿգ
̫Ǳǵļƻ
˺̫ǵãʮ춷ǿգĶޱȵҪ
Ц˵ƿ̫Ǿƿһֺġ
Ҳ֪̫ϹΣգҵһֱûȥƽ㣬û뵽һδαҲף
磬ǴҪ̫ǱֻҪǾСãΣҲơһ˵
˵ͷ˵ĶԣǴҪ̫ܲˣֻҪƿǶʱ̫ǡ̫ǣǵƿ֮УΪ֮ƾƿǳʱ̫Ǿȶˣ
һȷˣЦҲԣֻҪǶƿˣʮǶ֮ס̫Ǻ̫ǡ
ֵܼƻһʱ̫ǣ̫ûбš
˿̵̫
ֳһԪ񣬹۲һʱ֮ȣʱ֮ȫѹ̫ǣ漴һʼչ̫飡
ߣ󣬿ô
ԪУס̫飬ƺûãԼҲܣղŵĶҲ̫ǣı⣡
Ͼûǣֻһ㱾ܣⱾ̫ܺǣ̫ң
̫ǱѹԼҲܲˣҸʲô
̫Ԫİ̫飬ʱһȵĸоֱ˺ѵĸоӡڻʱһ̫Ԫ
֮ǰȸУ˲ʧ򲻶ϵı仯֮ǰ֮Դھ֮Դˡ
̫˲˿˿ƺ֮Դ
̫֮ԳһУҲתתһС
˻ԣֻһתضѡ
̫ȫתκһԵķ֮Դ
һ̫鿪ʼ̫Ԫ
̫ʼȫӡӡԼϡ
ֻҪ̫ĵӡɣƿ̫飡
һϾġֽ̫һ֡֡
ֻҪ̫֣дڰֽϣǡ𡱵һͺͱԴҲͳ̫ġ
̫ĹУ̫ǵı̫עˡ
һѾǵڶˣƺҲûʲô飡
̫ԪУŲϵ̫ӡ̫ʼһƿ̫飡
ף̫Ȼһ죡
֮ǰ̫̫ʱ̫мһɫâʱ̫û⣬Ϊ̫ݱ䣡
Ǵ˿̵̫Ҫ̫ʱȴֲԼ
̫ĵӡһ֣ɫâȴ̳ɡʡ֡
ߡض𣬻֮𣿡̫Ū˼
ֲúĵۿͶ̫һصİԭл߷ıԴ⻹춨֮ʥ˳ټϺ̹ŵϵԣ˵廹һͳģ
̫ò̾ۿ̫һǱ
ˣ˰ɣ˽Ҳίһ£һȻɲǵ壬ǺĻʣ
ʱһҲãôѱսص壬ڿϧһˣԣȴʱ˵Ҫһ



53 ĶԿ
ʱţ̫̫һ
ֻһֻҪɣ̫齫Ǳ֮ͨӡᱻƿأ̫뵽
ʱ֮ѹע̫ʼһ
ܷģ̫ջһֱעȡһ
̫ջ񣬵һʼƽ飡
޼֮ҲҲڣ
̫һȳֻԪʼת䣬̫鱾Դ˿˿ǣʼ׵ںϽУ
䣡һ̫Ԫһ
⣬̫ƺиӦԼġӡҪʧˡ
ԿʼһΡŭҲǱ
ˣһʱ֮䱻̫Ͼ̫ΪСķӳȻ䱩̫ò
ۿҪѹƲסӣ
ʱ

Ȼ䣬ֻǿһڻͻʹӡ
ǿ֮һӣ
ӵѹ硱֮Ťתʱա֮ݱ䡰֮ˮ硱֮ܡ
ӣʻɫǳˮ绷ϡɽءУɫҫ죬ʥ
ޡ컯Խʱ䡢ѹռ䣬καĹһͨ˺һ߱ͷܡ
ƵͻͣʧɫǬҡ֮¶š
˴ָһֱںǿѹǶλ󣬻ǿʧ
ΣƺӦ̫ǱӴǿѹ̫ǣ
һʱ̫ƽ
飬˲Ӧʱ֮ȣе㲻ˣ
ѹϷܷӦ֮£ݲñƣ鱦ϡ
ʱ֮ϸ˵ȻӶҪǿ̫֮ķ̫Ӳ
ָ̫ʱ֮ѹ̫һеٲάζ
ڲͬˣ̫ʶ̫飬ʱ֮ܵƣһչֳ
춯صѹ˲䴩̫ǣŲĴءļĺ

һĶӦˣ
оѹַϮΪߵĻȹΪµĲ㱻ѹԪ
⻹ǸźԶԵʣ
ô£Ǵǿնǿôˣ
֮ǰ̫Ǳֳʲô´𣿡

鿪ʼˣͬʱĲ
Ƶޱϵһˡ
֮ǰҪͥƹǳ̫Ǳˣθôãֱˣ
磬⵽ô£Ļ
ܣû˵ǿǿ졣
ͷʾףʼĿݣȻ͡һѪ
ܣܣһţ
޷һֵѹͷĪ󣬲ݣҲݲ
˵꣬˳Ĭˡ
һε֮ͥ˵Ȱˣԭţ
ȴûа취ֻ


̫˿ȴ˶֮У̫̫˲еһѹϯ
Һо컯ķȻ̫ɲǼһʧص״̬
Ҳһ̣̫ǡó׵ɣ
̫˲˸У
𣬷һУȡ顭ȵȣܶĸԪһһֳ鱾Դ֮ӡ׳ͣӡ̫ϣ
ĪĻ֮ơϻͻ͵Ļ֮ƣֳศɣ໥ݱ䣡
һ̫ľ翪ʼ˷ٵ֮ǰ̫Ĵ֮˲ɶˣš䡱һڤڤ֮ʾŴ޵ľƿˣ
˿̵̫һ֪޾ĸУ
ʱ֮ȺͻӵĶԳ֣˿Ҳƽ״̬
飬ʱ֮ȸӦ̫˿̺ΣգҲǴԵУΪˣʱ֮Ȼסı£ջԼơ
¼ȥ̫Σ֮С
ֻͬбܴڣоѹԳֺ󣬻һջѹƺԣ
һĪĸӦϤͬԴڣ
ָоǴ̫Ϸû׽ĸо
˿츫츫ǻ編Դۣ編ΪһУ˳һС
´˿̵Ļû˿츫ܣȻڤڤıǣ
ˣҲ̫Σ֮С
۲ܵػ̫ɷˣ
Ķ״̬ûʱжϣ̫顢޸ӦԪȻһ˿˿¶
ķӦּ¶ԽԽֱ
̫Ӷ˹
ǣ
̫һϲ



54 ޴ջ
ӣ
̫ԾĿϷıӡ
ˣһϲõƺԼ̫ܸˣ
û뵽ǧûҵԼˣ̫ϲԱ
̫ڶ࣬˿һе㼤ǻӵǻӵңһ۲ĺܡ
ǰܲĶ
̫һ֣ʱ֮Ȼһ⣬̫ԪС
̫ӵߣ
ˣƺڿǣ̫еꡣ
һƺ˾̫漴ıС̫У
̫ϲüңȻòĺãӶ棡
̫һνۿӣɽǳһģȥޱȣ
İɣű𣬱𲻻û㣬뵱̹Ŵ񡭡̫ƺڸпҲ׷䣬ʵƽ
ã̫Ŵ׷߳Ҳƽˣ
˵ֵˣ̫˵ģܻкܶҪڵ
ɣ
ԼԪʱ䣬ʮ̫꣬˻ʮŲƣ
˿̵̫ͨӵḶ́ľΪޱȵԲںʱշ򣬵ػˮ׵ɽȷ
ϸ˵̫ΪϣǻΪۣΪأˣ
Եļˣϡ
һӶ̫޵ΪޱȵҪʱ֮ȶİ
Ӳ̫ͼ̹ˣ̫ͼǾԵķ̹ǾԵĹΪĵһ͵һ
ȴк͵Ķ࣬͹ǿ
乥ġѹΪǿ󣬿ѹ磬ػˮ֪
ڲԳС磬ͻԪ塣
桰ͷϿɲܡһʤǧ
ͷͲ㹥Ǿ糬ܶ࣬ﵽ˵ĲΣ֮޵У
̫ϲǣӺ̫ڿռҵһ顰컯Ƭ
컯ʮ֮һСûʲôãΨȡ⣬һ̫ϲޱȡ
ƺ鱦ȡ컯ƬǾͺðĶˡ
ȫ鱦⣬˺ԼƵĺ鱦ڣ
һ컯컯ƬȫǷǬ
̫룬Ϊ󣬰컯Ƭ컯ںΪһ塣
˵컯ĲΣ
컯ΪƬ컯Ƭһȫ໥ںһ
ֻҪƷʹǲġ
δսÿζ鱦ΪƬʱ̫ȫսȡսƷ
⣬Ƭ컯еַ̫ǱԼõˣӦֺ󣬰Ƭ˺˳ͨ򴫳и塣
ͨǷķ֧ͨǶԷᵽһΣΪתϤͨ
ܷİţ
˿Լˣڱ˻᲻᲻Լˣ˵ûᴫ
󷨣ÿ鶼һ㣬ܸȴҪﵽ⣬ûַ򴫳ǲܵġ
ΪһΣһͨͨҪܳԶʱ䣡
̫򵥵ĸһַ򣬱󷨵ȷ棬ģκһֶ̿ڣΪ˵õĳֵ޷Ǿֶѣ
̹Ԫ񣬵ϵеĵϵǿԴڸˡ̫뵽
˺󣬷˶Իӵĸ
̫ʼ۲̫飡
һֻ̫һ̫һɫĻҿʩչĵط̫ǣںʩչ֮ữΪһң
̫⣬ǿĸ˹ֶˣͨЧ֮ǰ̫ͨԪϣԪ֮壡
ΪֶȴʩչĳΪ޵ĲΣʱ̫ܶз
ΪԴ̫ûνķ˲ͬʱı׶ˣǧ̫ʹá
⣬ֻҪܶǷ̫ﵽκεķ򹥻̫ɵɵתκη
ǶҪΪ׼ʥУȴǿбɽκʩչֻܣ
ڲͬˣ̫̫ͨǼΪ̫ͨ
ͨ˽һ壬ûκʩչĳ̫ܺ𿹺ģ޷ʮУ֮ףڵľζ
ؼǣ̫ȫĹУ̫𲻶ݱݱɻĲΣʱˡ֮Ϊϵ̫޵С
ң̫飬л֮һµģΨҶķʩչΪڱߣֳݵרӵУ
֮ǰ̫ѰһûҪˣ
̫ͨ߷֮ͨצ
ǽۿͷۿѪӦҲǻ߷衣
ͬǣۿѰ̫ͨġ
ѰҾŸ̫ȫ԰ںĪĺô
ȫĳԴ



55 ޻
˴˴εջ̫˻Σڣ
Σվ̫ǱһҪǻѹ̫˸УǾԻΣա
ջ͸ˣﵽ˴޺ڣΪֻҪһչؾܽ״ޡ
õ˻ӡ컯Ƭõͨջ̫ˡ
ȻΨһźǣ򾳽绨˺ܶʱ䣬ȻջҲܴ󣬵ǵ˺ܶʱ䡣
˿Ѿ˵ĩˣﵽ̫۷˰ɣһͱĲˣỹǾ״Ϊã
̫ѵʱܳúкܶ׷ϵĻᡣ֮ǰһ󾳽磬Ӧ׷ˣ̫״ޡ
̫״ȫû谭ˣֻҪչͻƾС
̫ǲż뿪̫ˣͻƴ˵ٵˡ
̫ҽԪʵ˲Ĺؼһ֮֮ɡ
ǺʵǱԴ֣ԴϣԴҲ޴ڡ
飬߷򣬶ǱԴĲֶͬѣ֮ԴΪ編ϸ
̫ҽֲ⣬ֱԲǷĴɡ
޽֮ʵϸ˵һɱ䣬Ϊʵһת˵Բֲ֮ɡ
Ҫôɵķɱ俪ҪǾĸ򣬴㲻𣬴ʱռ档
ʱڣͷΪһ壬޽ǺԪΪһ壬̫ҪľǰɵķԪں
ܲףԪֻǿʼԪŲΪɣƷ־Ŵδĳɾ͡
νÿһҪÿһСĽÿһһ˿Ĵ
̫ϥɢһʥâϴ̫ʹ֮ﵽƽݵֱ̬ʮ̫ʽʼչأΪͻƴ޽ɶȥ
ʱš
һνǧʱ䣬˿̵̫ԪһĪ⡢ޱȡ
ֻѸתֱһγһԲԲһֱϣֱ֮ϵ
Уػı仯Ϊ棬ӿƺһ㣬õػϵı仯ֱһ㿪ʼܡ
Ϊ˵̫ͨʱ򣬾ѾǴ޽ɵΪˣʱľ˸ղ֮Ϊ޽ɳڡֹ̫ͣĻۺ񣬼ϱ߹󣬸죬޽ɳھֹͣ
̫ԲǺ֮۶תҪĶࡣ
ػķ㲻һǧѾﵽĵز
֮ػᣬ̫֪ؼʱˣǴ޻ˣνһ̫ġ
̫ٱķ߶Ҫɱȥ
˿̣̫ԪеҲʼжعâڡػ֮ϡ
֮Դ֮ǰǿʼˣѹˣԪĹܡ
˴˿̣ʱν֮꣬ǰꡢԪᡣ
޻һǺܳʱĻۺˮɵĳɳʮƷͻƷһ
ʱûкڵأ˾Ϳˣ˾ˣǰ;Ǿʹֹ˾磬һɲǡ
ˡ
ֻĵػϵĲһɫתʵһƷƷ
̫˿̽ŵ˼㣬֪Լδ˴˿Ȼޱȼ
Ʒ̫ĲڣʮƷ
̫˿ֻƷƷƷʮƷƷʮƷˣ˵ĻʮƷˮɡ
ʮһƷʮƷˡػһ˲Բ
̫˿߸裬ڴ޻ʮƷˣŬ˿ջˡ
һͿʮƷʾŽġ컨ỨʮƷһ˳ǱԴܵ޷ֲش
ƽģ̫Լ˵
ڲǼʱ̣Ҫץȹּ
ʱԪУʡޱȣԪҲϣγתо
ȹ̴ڵľ磬̫˽Ԫʱ䡣
˿̵ػ̫Ϊ޽ڵľ硣컨Ǵ޽ɺڵľ磬Ϊ޽Բľ磬˺Ϊ޵ľ硣
̫̫ҽԲһٴﵽ˴޽ڵľ硣
۾̫Ϊ
һǿĸоһХ~~~
Ϊ̫еĳУ統̫ҽɵʱ̣̫ҽ̫ﲻˡ
̫ҽԲľ硣
̫ǽһ٣϶ʱʱ䣬̫֮ǰȺΪܵƣˡ


56 棡
˴̫֮У˵Σ鲼ȴҲջõӲ˵ΪǴ޽֮ջ񣬺ο𾳽Ѵﵽ޽ɺڣ컨ʱ⡣
̫뵽еջĿ
˵õ̫ͨⲻǼ򵥵ͨǿͨԴ鲻Ͻ׵ͨ
ͻ֮һ̫Ҫ硣
⣬õ컯͵ַ̫ͨⷽĳɾͿνģ
ţлѹ̫ǣȡһЩ֮ˣ˺ȡһطɣ֦ɣͨ;ˮɣۿ޵ʮֻСڵķɣû
̫뵽֮ǰ̫ǱƵΪһδεıΣ
ڲһˣΪ磬ǻӣ̫ܶĿƣˡ
ʴˣ̫ȡҲɴ󵨷ĵˡ
һЩ̫ǶеƵر̫ҲȡһЩֻҪ֮ڣ̫ϵƵرɻˡ
뵽̫гӡ
һӶ̫ǡ˵ǿգѹá
ֻһ̫Ƕ̫ѡΪŨƷ֮˻С
̫Ϊ̫Ƕ̫û˿˺̫һЩʱȡ˺̫ܶǶеĻ֮Ƶر
̫ǲǻߣϳ˷ɣּƷв̫һƷͩ˵ģͩ鱦ļƷϡ
̫ϵ龧ݡʯҲǲɶõı
νڲȡȽΪˣЩ̫ĵرضᱻȡ̫Ϊ˲˷ѣöյΪá
һֱ̫˷ɣǰ
ֳֻ̫ʱ̣һӣһռ䷨иһطɣ֦ɶȥ
һһɱ롣
̫һӻӣɣסûüͱѹˣ˺һرնϵ֦Ǳ˻֮У
˲䣬̫˺ܶûб仯ķɣ˿̱̫նһ֦ɺ󣬾ȻбԴѸȱʧı仯
װʧ̫Ԥϵˣһˮڷɣסϡ
ɲǼɣסıԴѸžˮеС֦ɣѸ׳֮ǰ̫նһɣҲֲ
ֻɣǻ˹һŤƺϲ
̫һȻ˵ӣ֪ˮˣ֮ǰڻϾͼʶڷɣı仯̫ϰΪ
ţԲˣȥ̫ǣȡ̫¹˺ϻغģ
̫ɨ̫ǣڴ˽һ٣ջȴְֺޣڵ뿪ʱˡ
֮ǰܶǣ̫оܷ˺ܶԼ֪飬֮ǰ޷ѣںˣҪʲôԼǣ
عĵ·ϣ̫˸⣬һ·̫Ƕȥ
·ϣ̫ڤڤиӦһɱϢ֮ǰǿʱ֮ܲͬǰ;Уǿսһ飬˿̫ƾǿΪӦ˺ܶϢ
̫뿪̫ǽǧ
죬ڸ·̫Ȼǰ
ʹ̫һûˣҲ´˿̺ĵѶϢ
棬֮ĸҴȴƹܺǳ˺Ҫºͥ˳ҵ컯ҵеߵģĪҪڤ粻飬򶨽𣡡
һᴩǿյ̫Ժ˻̫е
֮ĸ̫ǣȻѾڣҲ뵽˺ĻĹǿյУֻǲ֪ȻԼ̫뵽
̫һʱУĿ򶷵
ߣֻһߵ죬ĪҪʿ֮죬뵽Ұ֮УѾڿ˱֮£ΪλҪƣ
һЦǿΪȴ˳ӦѣֻҪ㽻ǽһΣʱȥӣҵȶ㣬Σ
⻰˵ֻ꣬˪ϳŭ
ĪҪ룬ǽ˱鱦غ֮ɵĪҪ̫ҿԽǱԴΣ
Ůܲģǽ˱汾鱦̫ʱ֮һ
ǽ˺Ϊ޷
ȥǱԴԣȻΪо޴䣬ֻҪʱȫֲ
ǽǹغ֤򲻿ã
ߣ뿪ˣǱԴԼۣʱȣǽ١ϻ˵벻ѹûּۻ۵Ļᣡ
һԵ̫ˣǺܳǿǿ
ľأǿΪ
̫̽һ£˵ΪֻУ족̫ҽɺڵΪ졢Ҳ̫ҽΪ
治֮ĸ֮Ů̫ҽɺڵΪҲ̫֮Բֻ֮Բ



57 
̫뷨еĹۣ
֮ǰ˽У̫еͬ飬𣿲˼ΪƯŮħǶȡܲð
ҪλҲûλȫ˺û
¡¡Ĵ
һԲϾͿĺģս̫ƽˣ
̫һѣ˳һԼ˿̵Ϊ̫Ǳ˽һˣĶˡα
ĸоѸĹۣͬˣǵɵ̫Ҳ壡

ֻŮͷһ̫顱ֳǽ޷ԶҲһѵõ鱦¡
ֳһɫ죬⻤ֵܣָ̫һȻǱ죿лԵ
ͷһ򣬳ɫ򷨲ֵܣҲһѵõ鱦лһػɫ
еĲ죬ֳִӡǳӡ
졢졢ˣÿ컯ף鱦Ϊǿ
棬鱦ڶΪֵ֣ܶ
Աϣбһӣɫȥ
䣡
ǽХһ˶ȥ
һֻıһһ£鱦𣬹赲⣡
һʱ䣬Χǳ飬Űǳ֮Х
λֵܲס֪мƷ鱦ǳ黤Ҫ˺ѡ
ΨһĿǣס棬ǳӡǣǳ֮ѹ
ǳӡѹΪǿȲϻӣǵУ
ɣ˵
潻ֲһˣ˴򶷵ĳ棬һԵ̫֪˶Ա˴˺Ϥ
˿̵ɫأ覵ϣе㰧ԹΡ
Ϊħ߹󣬸лħ񴫳С
Ϊ֮ĸд˰ҰĳֺĴܲ
˽ָࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢춨Ҳǿкܶ壬̰ǡǼ˵ȡ
汾ûԵҰģֻ֤κκΡ
񱱶շ̰Ϊ˻
̾Ϣڵ˱Ҳʱ𣿡
֪ǳӡǶԺǿãбΧǲ˴ܶѣ
ǣûùҹͶΪħĽع鱾ԴҲͷ


汻졢סǳ֮ǳӡΪǿĹȥ
һֱûֵ̫Ȼһ󣬰ã
д޽ɵĹ
뿴˵ͣû뵽ǳӡȻﵽ˳̶ȣе㳬Ԥƣ򵥣
Ӿ棬֪Լƭˣ֮ǰͲ콻֣һ˲˲һֱûķӳǳӡһֱأ͵ˡ
ȥ
̫ˡ
ֻ̫һ֣ʮƷ˲ɲǼϷһɫʥϢ£ס棡
ţǣһ㶣
ѹ󺰡
ͻȻֵİ첢ûзȻȫѹ棬˳ѹǺȻֵİ
һʱ䣬еʱգȫֵ˶ûӦ
Ľս˵ͣͣģôֵģȻ˵д
󵨣̫һȣû뵽ôȫܰȻҪѹ档Ҫ̫ײĴҲô
춼ˣǣǳ֮˵ͣͣĪ˵һ̹Ŵ֣ҲҪʩչ֮Ѫ
ˣ
¡
ķǳӡѹ
ֻãһǳӡҪƿ˳ѹ棡
ô򵥣
ֻ׹Ũ˲仯ΪʮɴС˸֮˿һ۾ռΪС
˭ʩչʽڻ˿ŭ
ս໥κβˡǳӡݼѸٱСɵУϷ
ܾȴûж֣˲˺ܶ࣬и˾Լ
ղԼǳӡѹ֮ʩչκʽѾȴ˲ҪԱ鱾ԭˣû뵽ȻֵİƿǳӡѹԼ
޹ò취ĺܴ󣬱ǲʽܼʩչ
ڰ̫еܣȫ߶ԿΪڣȻС
ηС͵Ϯ֮٣
Ļѹʽ裬ŭ
ߣ࣡
̫ȻˣӰ˳˳һһȥ
ܣ磩졢켱æ
һȥûٶȣ˲ֵģʱ֮пռ䷨ͨԽ򵥵Ŀռȥˣȫ
䡱һ
䱩ȴɵͼػˡ
ֻǺĲһһֱı죬Ȼƣ˲ƿ˿ӣǵСȻǿ
ͣһһѪǱɺԶ
ף̫еǳ壡
û뵽ԼĹȻԻɵ˺ֻҪһʱָܻ
̫˲첻巽һֲֻ̫ڵΪǿȶƷ鱦ˣղһԵֿ
Ѻˣ
û󰭣صĿųֵ̫ķŭѹ֣
Ǻǡ̫һЦû˵šŮһ档
Ȼ뵽ʲô˼Ŀ̡̫ǣ
仰Ȼˣ˺ҪֵĻ춼ܳԾ


58 ս죡
ɫ׵Ļ죬ȥϵѪʵ̫ˣ
̫ջؿĿǱ𡣡
ȻˣһԾģ
ɻˣϾ̫ˡܶΪ飬һٲ¶㲻ʵܶ˶ˣ
ʳǣһٹȥˣ̫û桰ۡеˡ
ҵ˭ԭǵС˳Ц̫ˣ󿪿ڷ̣ЦûЦһͲЦˡ
ȻоӲʹˣ룺԰˵̫СΪ𣿸˵̫ܴɱˮ棬˺أһֱھ޵Բᣡ
ǣôղ̫һͰѱˣӦðе㲻
Ķˣ죬֪Լȫһǳ֮Ǿ̫ˣ˵̫СΪ£˵˵˵
ô£̫˵ӣƺ鰡ɻˣ
л̫֮ƶµ˴֮ˣһЦƴů
޷Զ١ֵ̫
һԵ죬մԺ̫ǿȥģʱоȻֵ̫ƺǵļƻ谭
̫ѽһֱǿ𣿡Īľã̫ĳ֣Լ˵תۣһֱֻΪоָо֣
ȴˡٳǿգ̤̫ʱ̫Ī²Խһһֱѹ̫ǣ̫չƽմ̫ǳǷɻҪʣ
̫˵ĹûʣȻ˵ԼȥѰСİ̫ŪıˡҪߴϲУ˽ѹ̫ܹΰ
̫֪ôʣһ⡣
ԼҲ棬ƺԼ̫󣬺ɻֵĸе㳰ЦԼĸо̫鲻򵥣ܹһµĺá
һ𾪣
˲ϻˣһ͸ľ
ʲô̫Сʲô鷳鶼ģԭ˼һֱѹ̫ǣһֱ֪ѣ
Ǻһ̫˸оҪùˡ
ǲ죬ӸղŽе֪ҪùˣҪԴˡһٵҫһٵĨ̫̫֪ˣǶǲݰ
ǡ˿̲Ҳòں̫ˡ
λѺιˣ̫ʵ
̫꣬˶û˵ܲҲܱģ޹ʲֵѵĶԹҪֵΪУȰѾ뿪ΪãĪҪ󣡡
ߣ
̫һЦȴˡȲܣԶˣһٶƱ𣬱εݣССвߣ𽻴Ǿñ𿴿ֵܵͣ
⻰˵춼ŭˣѿã
һԵҲżæѲɣ
ĪҪ˵ˣ̫һ֣档
̫εȽʲôʱƣȴȰˣ˵ùǴ򲻹ҲҪһ˵
㣬滹ǵһαǳ⣬̫ΪźϵġĶе㡭ɶ
ãֵܵҪڶ̫͡˵Իλֵܣ̫˺ǿϲУȫ߶ǳӡ
Ǵ磡˵ͷ
ںǿգֵǳӡ֣治±ˣ
̫ѣǳӡнúǳ֮ɲ潹
ãһͨλָ㣡
̫һȣ
ֻ񷣡
ã̫ûΪԵֿû뵽̫ͨ
λֵܣȫ˵꣬˵졢򡢷ǳӡȫ
̫ѧˣûа޽ڵΪ¶ѹ̫ҽԲĲΡ
ͲӦˣǳûˡ
̫֤һ̫ͣȻƳ֣̽һ£
䡱һ̫ǿ󣬵ԵĵҲ򵥣Ͼħ찡
˵һ鱦
ԣ̫Ȼɵֵסˣ
̫˵̫𣬾Ȼд޽ɵҵֵз½Եֿʶ̫뵽
ߣˣֵֿ̫ܵסˣ̫ѵͨɣСǳӡֵϣҲ̫ˡ뵽
̫ˣǰɵֿǳӡԿȣһһһƽ⣬ֵˡƤһҲݵ뵽
쵹ǲСӣ̫û취ǳӡǳǿУǶȫʵС̫뵽
˲佻ֵ˶ˡ
Ȼ̫ѵֵܼͨʶˣǵҲһҵֵܵͣ
˼󣬴һȣһԣ
С̫мһЦڽ¡


59 ӣ
С̫мһЦڽ¡
ʱ
졢ǳӡÿ鱦âǣûһ鱦̫֮Ϯ
ƴޱȣԵķâǡ
ǳӡĹʱ컯ǻǺǧǳϮ
̫أȴ㻹ԴҲﵽ޽̫֮뿴Ʒ鱦ǿ
ȻӲǳӡĹǲǼǿԴ⡣
̫¾ֻ̣£̫ϣῪʥɫ֮
һǧǶ硢ػˮ磬⣬ǾĶ仨ɫײһ֮ϯܱǳ
Һ˽ս֮ؼΪܱǳҲؾС磬򶨻ᱻನ
˵ĽսѾ̫ҽɵķ룬д̫֮ķǼʯ֮˿Ʋ
̫Ӳ
̫ûжǰУǽ΢İ֮Ӳֻ֮汻

֮ⷨɢȥֻ쾪㵣𶯣
̫е㲻ܣܿǿס˹ȴеʹУ
Ҫ컯ĥһˣ̫뵽
̫Ѿˣ֮ǰ̫Ǻ;Ųĥ
û뵽ǲд֮壬ȴܷӳ֮컯һڱˣ
̫ѺͨһٵأȴúСʵΪѲʰ⣬ƺֵκβ̫
ǣǽ˺ҪѰˡ
ĪҪ˵õģ˾𣿡̫Ϊ⣬ֻҪɵͿó˫˭κβ˭Ҫұͻƿڣ
ƺԼȥĪҪĶԹ
ȥҵǷһɺã
о²֮ǰͥţҪշ棬ֱϡ
ȻҪ֪̫Ǳ̫Ūģز첻ϻһ̫ƽһ̫ĳֳϣʹ̫ǳϡ̫𰡣ǰèʹõģ̫Ȼʹܵģ̫ҲǿУ
̫Ц˵ֵǮ𣿻˼γЦ𣬲ȵѵǲ᳤Եġ
̫ϼһĪҪôߣ춼ŭˣҪȥĻ磬¶˿
̫Ǳһ㶣ϼһԼǣ
ߣ޶µ㣬ҵıҲ㣬㾹Ȼ㲻ҪƤǾ¼°ɣΪֵ㣡챻޳ܡ̫ŭˡ

̫ʱ֮ȳС
ŽĴս̹ƺûʲôˣ˼⣡

ǿյתķͨһʱ˵Ĵսա
˵ս˽ʮʱ䣬̫оĥĲˣΪޣһֱûеõ飬Ѿ̫ˣ
̫ÿԽˣ
ˣ
˲䣬һڻ̴̻ӳˣһʱǳʱΪ֮һ٣
ãǻӡ
Ȼд
λ͵²Ϊߣ
һʱɵˣ˵ʲôѹǳӡǾͷǻĪˡ
̫붯ô֮룬Ϊһµĺãͨ˵Ľ̸̫֣ƺʲôԼ
ǲ¶ΪĺãûҲûʩչӵϴǿգÿǳӡʵ˴ѹѱ


һסǳжǳӡǳϵڶȥ
ͣ
ۣ
ֵֻܣ˲䱻ÿѪ⻹׼
ߣ
ֻ첻֪ͳһ鱦鱦䡱һԱˣ̫С
鱦ԱɢȥѾˡ
̫Ҳû˿̾ʹɱ˵׼Բȥ׷Ѳ³
ֻǺ۲еıû취õˡ
ңƺдµټƽˣ
̫ѣܣ󶨻鷳ϣû뵽زҲû뵽ӳֺʤ
ֻˣܲʣ
̫Ȩûܾ£ԼͲ죬컹鷳
治̫ܲ
ˣ۴ΪţѲ³˹һʱηѾע˭ܾܵġ̫
Լçײˣ̫ԼǴˣڻԹ͸ˣʴѵõɫһ죡
ѿɷ֪һ£ѹ̫ǵһУĪǷ˺ͱйص飿Ǻ棿
һЦ𲻿ڱҲҪ˵ǵ֮ǲС֮û˵֮ġ
ź̸̫֮ǰǣ
ԭˣᵹ
̫ŭˣԼεݣȻû˽һ٣̫ˣݰ
кδ㣿ʵ
Ǻǣ̫ŭЦʵѿ֪ĵһħ
⣿Ȼ֪ݴǵɱˮ棡
ȷ̫һֵ̾һλħ䣬һʳúļסһʱ䡣
̫˵ĺƽú𺳣


60 ֮
ģ㵱Ҫ岻𣿡
ıɽˮ续ʴ䣡Ȼбǧķ羰续
һãɽ䣬ֲֻ£˫гͳޣ
ǺǣҶ̫𲻾ߣǶҺơο°Һ֮ˣڻ˵Һ岻ݣСꡰġһЦǸ˶Ȼͨ
ݣ˵̫˵ĶˣʳԴΪЦΪβȥҪ峤Ǹղ̫ҽΪľܣ
ɽףȥ𺳣
Сģһٵı仯Ѿ仯Ϊ֮ò̬һջˮòҪΪ̫ҽɳ۷壬̫ҽڣټΪòͱץȥůˡ
Щڮٵģ̫ȥƽϣȴҲǲԵģСЦ
һںϷһڱûнԹŮ̫࣬Ϻõ¯ÿȻòȻܶ˿ʼˡ
һ˾ģ°Ůӣ˺¯˵ŹֱӳԵˡ
֪Ȼģ尴ʵǿġûȽϣϾǿ̫ĴȲϻʳǿ󣬵Ժܶĵٻεİ˵һֻȾӺǰʮ֮У
ѽ𣡡
ֻһŭӱͲ࣬ݲú塣
ԣʵȲϺ壬ʱҲˣսɣܻһҪ䣡
˿̵ĺľķ
ޣҲҪͻʳĽ
һʱ䡭죬˸ɽӵת
ĸм̫Ϊ̫ĲϺҲҪҲҪչ岻ǿǸĺö
ʴˣս


̫Ƕڶ˸ˣ
̫ѣʳСӣ棬кܴܶڣһֱ˵еΣϾʳ̤̫ġ
û£̫⣡
˵Ѿ̫ҽԲ֮⻹Ǻܾ֮ǰΪʳǿҲǿ󣬶ΪкܴĴٽãܶԤƣܽ״ޣ˺ǰ֮һ
Ŷ̫ʵǰ˭
һ㶣Թ̫ôôأ˵ǿȻ˼ĺǰǿߡ
޻桢صһ桢ʳ桢ʳ桢ħ޲TĹϵǰǿߡ˵
˼̫һ٣ܿͲˡ
һ㶣
ѣȥ̫ĽȥΪġ

һ̾ǿձ֮֮أڵҲˣҰĲһֱǵжǿǴȥˡģ˺ѰһУн𣿡
̫סˣ֪ĸ춴ز٣ʺ治࣬˵ĵӰɽڶ࣬Ǻɽǲɶõĺõطս֮أϵѾ׵Ը񣬵ǺɵܷϵѣǺɽɵǲɶõĺȥ
лָ㣬ҲȿѴչ˵һЦ

һ·̸һ·Ķȥ
̫ʱȥ̫ˣ¹̫ʱȡǣ˶Լӣȴɵ飡
˵Ϊ˺ͺܶս̫жͬʱҲοĴ軻ڵĻر˭˵һ⣿

Ų̫ŲСˣúĴغͺǿյĽӵķˡ

ǺֻһΣֳֿ̹ᦣǬǬϷһγ־Զ˺û˵ֵϢһֱӣԴ޲úΪһ顣
̫û뵽ô˵һ·ʲô˵Ҳǵλߵĺܣúܾˣҵ˿Խ̸Ķ󣬼ϡŮԡ֮˵ʴһ·̫֪ܡ
ѻʱǺΪأ֮ΪǿޱȣѴжһѶ˰ԵѽΪкܴãҵѻԽʳ˸ΪЧ
治ϸԼƻδ̫Ϊ
룬ŮȻģ
벻ףȴˡ
˭涨Ҫ䣬˭涨Ҫһ˿ģ
ԼͲߴߴİԣܺãŮ

ȥ
̫ĵʱ˲ܶݵˡ
̫ݵҪѵԼ塣
⣬Ҳ彻սƱػܾˡ
̫ݵȻܲܣû˵̫򱱷ȥ



61 ̫
ҵս˻ϣأսƻĿꡣ
С峤սļң峤ս˱ңֳȴֵĺƮݡ
ÿһκĴսһһ˥ܡ
עսĺĴܣֲҪսе𾪣

кĴܸ̾û뵽ССս˳̶ȣ
Ҳ˾ú̫ɵǲϲս壬û뵽Ϊ̫˾Ȼƴ
׵Ȼ׺ı嵹ǴһΪ̫ģʵѡŮӵȷƶҪ¯ˣ

ıʳеһ޻ʳ޼µ޼ʳдССĺܶ
ӵпʼıǰս֮أ˹ע˵صкܶࡣ

䣬һ֦
һߣ̫ڸϵ˴˵ء
̫˫أǺʧһС󣬶ʱɫ䡣
̫˵ӴԪƮ

һأѹ֮ܣʱս˫ļãƶ粽
۲˵صĴˣ
˭
ǣ

̫𣡡С̫ƮϷһɫͻʹӣɲǼСЩ档
壬ҶԱ𲻾
ֻ̫һ֣嵫ΪϵˣȻܿƵıڡ
˲ѹˣ
ʵмʮλΪˣڡڡڡԲĶУнԲˣ⻹̫ҽɳڵ峤
峤ΪľȫһɲǼѹˣ
仯֮죬ܶ˵ԤϣԶ̽鿴ֵĺ鶼ˣ
ô£
ǻӣ˵ʱƺš
ʣµĸ£ǵ汲ϵȣȻһգ۾Ͳˣܺˡ
ֻۡСģʧķһߵ̫ǰ
ͨһСڵأСݼ̫𣡡
Ȼ䣬ֳһϢ
¡¡
ɽꡭݼ̫𣡡ں巴Ӧˢˢ峯ݡ
ܳ꣬ǳݵĵڼˣ
ҺһʱеҸҪιȥĸоղ̫򵥵һʽֱɱٸ֣̫˲˼ˡ
ºЩ껳ɹԼݵ̫ǲĴСΪ˻кֹܶ
ȫ۷ˡ
峤˵̫ͨ纣ɴĦ

ʶһֱ۲˵صĴ˲ˣ
Ȼһٲ¶̫ôôǿ󣿡
Ȼп֮һĻӣ
ˣ̫棿
Ĵܺܲ⣡

ɣòСһ峤ΪǴﵽ̫ҽ֮𿴺á̫һ֣˹Сͺˡ
أС굹ίĺӣ޵ϡﻩģҪǵ࣬С겻нĳɾ͡Сˣõ֮𷣣
Ǻǣ޷޷̫һЦ³ѹ̫ǽһ٣鱾֪ˣĲûй㡣
СͺˣԼ͵ͺ飬ȻȻ
ԭˣ̫棬³򰡣ʵĵط̫չʾǿ󣬺ܶӿʼġ̫ˡơ̫ˡ
ľôʵǿΪ
Ҫùˣ̫俴͸Ϊ̫ҽԲĲΣǿӣǺǡʳ鷳ˡ

̫֪ԼĳֶԺ𶯺ܴܶʶ̽˵̫Ӧĵ
ֻ̫һ֣
Ӵ˴εΪ죬¡¡쿪Ѹٵӡ
ӦģΪ̫ҽɵĶܸܵ
̫ݷáʳλ֤
̫ĻǵıΪģõ
̫ĻӦ̫ݷáʳ⡰ݷá⣬ȫԼ⡣
˺̫һ֣ʱΧʱձ
ܶ໹뿴ֵĴܣʶ˲䱻ˡ
̫޽Ϊʥһʱղ̽飡
˻ðԵ̫Ϊ
Ȼһأ̫
Ϊ
ȷ̫ԵҪ̫кͣ
ߣ̫ƥ򰲸˰Ե

̫˴ηأܶవ̽Ķ˰ȷеĸо
Ҫ̫Ȼֲ࣬һжǬºܶవ̽˵صĴܣ̫鷳
̫
߾ս£̫ξ壡



62 ģ
ֻ̫̫гʮƷľɲǼкˡ
̨֪̫̤ǱϾǵ̵ļڼܲϲҲ̫˰ɣôյĸо
ˣȻұԴΪǡνΪ죬Ϊأʵһ˵ΪΪ
ʴˣŮﵽ82̫һȥò绨̬Ůӡ
һЩͨʡ顢Ԫ񡢾Դ
ԣһں巢ֲˣԺĿưþ˶ֱĸо
ֻתţһԪĹâϴں塣
֮ǰս˶塢Ԫ񣬾Ȼ˲䱻ˡ
лͣСźٴΰл
С귢˸̫棬üͷһƺڿʲô
δãС꿴սսʵ
ʣµѾˣСѯʺˢˢĹ
̫ҲеѰ죿
׵ڸѾ˻УʣµЩСϺףûиϾɱ˼
Ĳ̵ʥĸĿЩˡ
Ĵأ壬˵ˣûиϾɱ˼ȺԼСѱշʣµҲѳ򣬽ˡ
⡭һʱе㲻֪ôˡ
Ѿ̫˵ģʣµкã
˵岻ггĶˣԼŹЩ壬ҲӸˣ
ʴȲɱʴȣϲնɱĶˡ
峤ŹΣԴѱȫȡʣµҲѳ˵ˣܷ˵أһ峤϶С˵
СһҲǣ̫ѾܱӦʣµĿǵˣ
仰˵֪꣬СˣҪԵƺӵļޡ
ţ̫ͷʾֵǻȥɣҪֽһ
̫˵ĲɣСҲ֪ԼﲻæкܲȴΥ̫ľһ󣬴̫ˡ
شӴԺ󣬺ûҴעˣǰ̫


̫ѣѹ壬Ѵȫɱ𣿡ߺѯʵ
̫һ㶣Ȼˣ㲻ɱҲ׷ŹǣССԲģ
ɫе㲻Ȼ˵̫ѣȻɷŹѷŹЩ޹ĿɺãҲɼ
̫꣬Ƶĵ֪治ϲԣʥĸڡ
ƺԼ˺ĵĹأĲСֵÿǿҪη
Ҳգ´˺˵屻ѺڻڣȫԺ˵
̫˻ش˿֮ǰͱӻǿ飬ʴȣҲԴйء
Ѵ˺Ҫȥδ˵ˣ̫ҪȥϷֽֽ̣ȴ֪Ĵ㡣
ᣬҸһΣ˵ĺ档
̫ƺԤϵˡ
ɣ

˺˿ʼϷȥ
Ļģ̫ǲưոݵġ
˺һǧ̫꣬һֱڸ·
ǧ̫³ֵϢѾʼӿ
̫ԭһֱѹ̫ǣֲ֮ǰ̫Ƕα鷳ˣ̫ѵԣѴ֡ǺãϺ˻õϢ󣬿ʼᣬ˵ˡ
УҪ˽ǰϵʳȰһ
ˡ
̫ѣܿѴ֣ǻɸΪ񲯵ĺá
ľͺˣĺܶԽʳԭѾˮˣȥˣȥĽܴѣ

ϢǷ׼ȷһͻ͵УһͷϽڣ̤ѥݰ㣬һҵģ޻ʳ棡
ʣϢȷ̫֮ʧһ٣һֱѹ̫ǡ³ˣ˳֪̺Ͱ󷨱⣬֮һĻҲ̫УѲ⣬ǰޗ軶˵
һЦ˼ԽԽ˼ˡʳħܶڶкôڤڤиӦýһ彫ӭѣȹưԺģȲһӣҹעɣ
ǣڵӦ

̫ϵΪֻ֮㣬ϵԵõ컯󣬵һ޷ݺһ飬̫ѹȻŲϣĽѶǵжԣ
ͷ컯һݺĺɫء
Ե컯ΪһǧҵѴﵽ˴޽ɳڵΪȲ̫޽ڣѾˡ
Ϊ̫̫ҽɣо̫򵥣Ҫǿָо컯ļӳֺΪ


63 ʳ
̫Ҫ̵ֽϢϷʱ𶯵ĵʳ
ߣ̫Ȼҳŵһٶҳû뵽ӵǲСʳ
ʳڣʳŴϢ󣬶ʾŭ
ȻԴıǮ֪ʳһˣһɵǿ
⣬ĴϣֱǰˡյˡˡˣҲĴܣΪ̫ҽ֮ϣˣ̫ҽɺڵΪ
˲Ҷǿ鱦һȥһУ漶Ĵڡ
˵ʳĸ߲вԼӴĵײ
ڱչأǰʱͻƵߴ޾磬ȹΪߣ̫ʱΪȹ̣һ˾̫ܽ𡣡
û˵ĴϣԼ԰ƵĻʳˣ̫˶ãȻ֪鷳Ц
ʵҲǺ£ֻҪɱ̫ˣʳǿ˵иĴܼ롣ҡ̫صڶ飬˱ضǿֻҪɱ̫˵һ˽ᱻõʱΪʳأ޻ʳһսˣ
ȴˣ
ܶõȷ
һòȻЦ˵̫ã
һЦȻǸо̫Ͳ˵ģһɿڵļȡ
ʳԽԽǿѹȵϷԴǺϷǷһĴӪʼΪ൱ơ
ϷĲɽʼ˵Ļ㱨˶һۡ
̫ڳˣ֪ǲġ̫棬ѹ̫ǣʼʵ
һüģҲ֪̫ǵα̫˲죡
ʼ˵˵ͷҷһҪô
Ϊأ
ʼ˼ʱȿ̫˵ͣܶҡʳһɻˮ㡣ܾˣһͿɲѴ֮ʳ
ҡͷѣѣһҪǸ߲սǼ򵥽ɫǰǴˣԸо̫ҽԲ򵥣Ѵﵽߴ޽֮
Ƿ㣿ʼʵ
ͨ鱦ǿսƽ֣иӦڵڰ֮ǰӦܽ״֮
ʼһЦ⣬̫ˣΪ̹ŴϵѪ̹󣬲ͨ鱦Խһ㶥ħֻҪߴޣܴۺģ
½ʼˣҲ˵ưԺģ۶ѣ֪ʱжิӣսΪĹʱĩβĺܾʡ
Ҳ˷ܣûнħ⣬Եʱڡ
ڵ壬ȻǿͷһҲ
ȲЩȿ̫˺ʳ֮Ľ˵̫˼Ȼĺģһк֣Ͱշ˵ģ尵жö෽׼
ʼÿУټڸ߲㣬ʼвһС

̫Ѹĵǧˡ
ȹأףͨ죬֤
չصڼλˡʳн벻ҵŬǿΪ棬ֻŽվڶˣȲưԣʲô˿۸ġ
һûʵĻ޷ģ˳ôôѣ
滰˵ע̫֮¿ʼˡ
Ѿȹ˴޳Ϊսʤ̫˻ѣʧܣټλϣȫܴɱ̫ˣ
˵꣬ĴϵĽһüʵǲ̫̫ˣ
⻰˵꣬û˵ĴΪߵ˵ˣԲ̫Ͼǿڶ飬ΪҲﵽ̫ҽԲĲΡҪǣ̫鱦ڶ࣬䲻֪ǰ̵Ʒ֮һӣӹ˰ɣ
⻰˵˳Ĭˣģ˭֪
һ̾ȷͱΪҪ㣬Ϊ̫ͼ֣ûκΰ취ÿһ򵥵ģ̹ᦹ޵У̫ͼ޵УǻӸһ壬ܲ򵥣
˵꣬еѹ֣ı˫յЦˣҲ⣬ôˣò̫ˣаѵڣֻҪס̫ҵȾͿɺ
һһ󼤶
ԣ

ǻᣡ

㵱˼ʲô
Ȼ̫һ鱦ˣӣ˵̫һˣ
ǿе
Ϊǿ󣬶п칦ڣɱ鲻մ˵δɱûӳֵá
ģ̫ʱ֮ȣ⿪ǿĴڣ
˵̫ѱ֪İȣ
һ֪ʱ֮Ⱥ;ܸ
һܲۺ죿
Ȼ̫컯ͺ߲֪ң̫֪Щ˲Ĵ˵
ʳУ浽Ĵϣٵλ߲㣬ۣ
һ·Ѿɱ̫õ̫һ鱦ˡ


64 컯Ԫ
޽Ϊ̫߻̫ҽԲ棬ΪڴӺıϷȻޱ·̡
һ·ϣ̫ʶĺġ˿ڶ࣬ԣ̫һʱ֪˶ٱ
ңԺ˵ƫƧĵǺĶԼĵɽ֮أظӵķ١
̫ʶ޵ƻһ﷢йƻûǴڣ˾ǲݵľ档
һ̫һֻӳֻΧ޻Ϊһң
ʣµͷӽ̫ҽΪޣҲ̫һ̫Ϊޡ
ѣղȡǣܾˡ
һ·˴ɱޡǿ޵Ĳ⣬ԼһЩ鱦Ĳ⣬̫һȡˣ
档
Ҫ֪һƬǱԴۣȻ̫ռе˼ά
һ㣬ⶼعأۣ̫ռû
Ǻǣ̫һЦѿˣ
ֻ̫ҲͣԪƮһŲ̫ƵʮƵƷ鱦컯Ԫ
컯Ԫ̫ǰ̫һ֣֣컯Ƭ̫ӻá
㣡̫ȣһɫзɳѸٵڿе컯Ԫȥ
ˣ
컯Ԫһǻɫ⣨⣩Ϻ컯ԪʼѸת
ʱΧʼۣܱʱտʼ
̫Ҳû뵽ľ棬Ҵ⣬гѹ˷ء
Ѿֶ̫ΣĿɿڴ
䣡һɫ컯Ԫںˣ
ֻʱպۣ컯ԪӺ׽٣
ڽδȴǴڵġ´ˣȻڣֻǲֶѣҲûʲô֡
һʮֹƷ鱦ҪˣܶԴ˵޹ؽҪת֮£Ҫ׽ϴ
ǣһ㶣
ȥɣ̫Ԥϣ鱦ҰʮǧԪԪȷ
ÿһҪ׽ϴ񣬶ȹ죬ȲΪԴ˶
̫һ·ϴɱ޺󣬶һЩ鱦ⶼ
ǧ̫רռ鱦Ϊȡ컯Ԫ鱦
̫ƹ컯һԪ컯¡컯Ⱥܶ
иس֮Ѿ̫´ʯ顢ѡ޵ˡ
Ψ컯Ԫ컯һԪߣû䡣
컯һԪ˶鱦ǿ󣬲һĶ鱦̫ڶ࣬Ȼõĵ컯һԪ
Բ컯һԪס
Ͼ׺Ҫ̫컯һԪʵ˷ѣºߣڵ̫ò˼Ρ
̫Ÿ컯һԪҵʵˣʺ컯һԪΪʺ֮ɵ
ڸӣ̫û컯һԪס̫ӵ컯Ԫ̫ȴֵ̫鱦
̫õ֮򴫳кͻӺ̫ȫ԰컯ԪСĻӣ̫ͨΪ

¡¡
ֻһرû谵˵쫷ۣ
ܶӦĺĴܣһȻһãǻѹһغ˴˵صȻݲ
һһɫڿе컯Ԫȥ
ţ׽컯Ԫ첻˺컯ԪҪʮ׽٣ŵ׽٣ǰŶʮߵ׽ȴ첻˺̫ʶ˵һ׽ٺ˼
Ȼ׽ٲϵ£ȴ컯ԪƸʤԴ۴⡣
ڡ
ڶʮ˵׽ˣɫ׽ٱɫ
̫˿ҺòǺɫ׽٣ɫ׽پеѶˡȻɫϻнɫԼɫĻɫ
ʮ׽ٺֻʣһˡȹ컯Ԫ죬Ȳһӣ
һȻ˾ʱ䡣
죬һ׽ˣɫоȻźɫ
䣡׽컯ԪϣһԵֳ̫ʱ̣컯ԪȲæ׼
ʱ̣֮ΪǴ޽ɵ̫ʱվֹܷΧСȴҲֱͨĿǰû̫ȫʱ̣ӾܽһС
컯Ԫû̫ʧֻԪ˲仯仯һɵľɫ׽Ҳȡ׽۱Դ̷⣡
ĳʮ꣬ȵ̫żˡвƵ룺֪Ȳװˣȥ˵
̫߶ãʮ󣬽׵컯ԪһѸС̫ԪУ˸սҪȹ̣̫ԪԽнơ
̫˿һԵȴ˼ʲô


65 Ƽ
ͨʵ˴۽硣
淢̫棡˽Խ࣬Խò˼飬ͨΪĪ⣬ͨ˾η
洫е֪Ҫ鱦ǲܡ
жַƣ淴Ǭ̫ȡ⣬˺󷵻鱦ͣ治֪
۽⣬֪ǲȱ컯ؾͲԾˡ
컯˷ۣ֮ǰǰдʵƽ涼ȡ
̫ûлشĺ棬˭ûܡ˵СֶζѣˣȻǾʳİ
ЦȴˡѻΪã治Сӣǿնʳ˶ڣҪһΪá
滹е㵣̫ľ˵˺ܶ࣬κˣֵͽ־ˡ
Ǻǣ޷Ѹо̨֮Σ̫ʵ
ȻǷ棬̫õѶƤȴûУ
浣ǵ󷨡ʳסѣ²幥ҪҲѰ
̫Цˣһ𲻾κˡ
⣿
û뵽̫شһ㶣
̫ڵʱ̫һͶġֵܷĴУ̫νм
һǸǴ߷ϸлԪɵĸ˲
²Ǵ޽ԲΪ̫Ҳ塣
˵̫С󷨡ͨУ˭ܱ󷨵˽ࣿ
ֻҪлӺ;ûк֮Ǻȫƽ
ҪģЦ
תһУ˴޽ɺ̫ǿ΢ʩչ΢ʩչת
ֻҪ˲ǻԪɣ׼ʥֻҪԪɲΣ̫ܰתΪһ֣˭ס
֮ǰ̫һ̫ǰת֮Դʴɵ̫顣
Ҫ̫ת󷨱Դأ
̫Ǻܸ߰ⲻĳǻۺ
ʳѸ棬Ҫ̤ƽʳ
̫ʮ㣬Ҳö˵Ϸȥ
ڴ;С
̫սԪ컯Ԫʼı̫컯ԪҲ̫ʼ̡
Ʒ鱦Ʒ鱦ʵûкܴĿȡ
һ鱦ףҪƷ鱦鱦Ʒ鱦Ʒ鱦ȣҪ
Ҫ֪ܶ鱦ܣʵ鱦
ǣ޲𣡺һָԴ
оǣһһǲݱһƶعݱ
컯ԪͺƷ鱦ȡ˲ȻͱƷ鱦ҪһĽף
컯Ԫ׺ѹˣŲڵĿռˣе
һǺƷ鱦Ԫʼơ
̫컯ԪҲǺ鱦ڳˡֻҪ̫ԻӵĽ˽ĸ̫࣬ȫ¼컯ԪѱʮĽƣȥ
ҲԵȽõµʱ򣬰ڽ컯Ԫ컯Ԫ˵н׹鱦һ졣
컯ԪоŲ㣬̫ţԼлʱ򣬿ÿ뷨ͨ
ǰ㣺ľˮĲ㣺硢ס
ÿ㶼ñѹ֮飬ĥѣͨĥ£ÿŵ㱦͹ȫȥѰ
۲һʱ̫컯Ԫ˾
˺ҲͲˣ컯Ԫҹ̣Ҫʳ˵


ʱѾȥ˰ǧ꣬ǧʱ䣬̫ĽҪʼˡ
ΪˣȤģʼʳȥ¼˺ĵһΣ˭棿
ںͽҪá
ǰĴǺĴǰ棬Ҫصڶ̫˾ս˼
ɽĺ涼̲סˣĸʳҪ뿴̫˵ͣӵõ컯󣬵һݲһ˵ĸԼκεѶϢ
ħ޲T̫йһ֮ԵǴ޲Tܱ̫ӹҲ̫η̵ġʴˣħ޲TҲ˺Ϸ
Ķֵܣһֱ͵İƿغĺݴϺ̫ϳ壬Ҳ뿴̫ͣ˳Ϻ˭
ʳ棬̫ͼ֪̫лӺһܺ棬뿴˭Ȼ֪£ܹҪԼҸɲǣ
޻ʳ桢Ļֻء̫桢Ǭ桢塢桢̫棬ڤĻȵȡ
ܿʼϷȥһδ˳ڴ
˵ħ壬ָߵħеħȵȣʳģȥˣ
һΣڶͬעһ£


66 ·
˿̫ѣ
ʳǰһɱۣ໥Է
Ϊ⣬һڣһֻˣ˵һ̫档
ֻ̫̤һɫݿʣǻ
Ʈݡ޷Զòеϸ΢Ľϸ۲濴
һһòţɫϵնֳὣͷһͼתߣ档
λòĵˣʳĴϡ
⣬Χմ̤нλжڴ˹۲졣
ǹ۲޼ɵҾͿս
̫Ժıг̣ڵִʳһ·̫ûϢڰǰͱ˷ˡ
̫˶Ϊ̫ᰵг֡Ѷû뵽
ΪˣܶĴܣԼ̫Ǿ塣Ȼ̫ԴҲ
ڴУһ˸Ľ˻棬ĺġ͵¡֮
⡰͵¡ǾͿ˵뷨ˡ
ǧǰ͸ϵʳͨȰ˵ֹ˾档
κΣ̫ģѾϰ˰ĺôΪ˺Ĺϵǰ֣һֱ˲Ρ
˺ôɱ̫ĺô
ȴǴӦĺãڻŲܣѾˣΪʳܴҲܷŹ̫
ʳãɱ̫ôˣ
⡭
кܶܵһμʵ̫Ǻˣ棬桢˵ȣ
κˣһμ̫Ƕе𺳣
һڤڤеĸӦһֳ߹ѹ֣һҺĵƣ
򵥣¶ϸ̽飬òһ˿̫̫̽һ˼⵽
̫̫̽Ӧ̽Լˣǲд컯ʾ
̫ӦӦѯʶûأۣȥ
ţ
ǣ
ֳ˱̫̬ˣȻѯʣֱûأǿˡ
ѿǺ̴̻ӣ̫һ仰
ܶ˸о̫̫ˣֱ
һ
һ֣أǴӵõ컯һ޷ƿأ㯵ӡ
ûϵҲˣһ֮䡣
кͲʳŭӣˡ
˿̣ѾŭԵˣЩѹƲסҪˡˣԴӳΪһǽʳһӹ
̫оסˣ
һ͵ڶĽ̸滹Ҫסģǲܲ˺̫ս˵˺ˣҪǺҲʳðսǾͲˡ
ˣһҪɱ̫һ
̫ЦĿԼе㲻סʵһ㶼վʱվʵɵо̫Ҳû취
ȴǺԣʱ̻ϵ̸˼һ󣬾̫ǣߣȻԼվˣôᡣҲ
̫û뵽ϵѵǱˣҽԸľٶѯңҵĻشѺðԼժ
Ǻǣʳ̫һ٣˵θڣЦһ߹ѣ
һħе¡
̫ƥ򣬶ң
̫𣡡
ʳˣô˵ģĶ֮ǰ

ȻһХЦΪ̫ҽɵģеվȵĶо
棡
ֻ˵̫𣬱ˣ
£ʳܵжˣȻʳӣԸվ
ʵǻ۵ĺܡ
˿óڽ̫ð̫һȥ
ˣܶˣû뵽һսȻúڶʼǻ۽ˣ̫زӮˡ
Ϊˣܶڵ̫ôش
·ŭᶼڵȡ
ĵӦ̫ߵ档Ȼа̫ΪûѡĻ
룺̫Ѱػش治ཻѾŭ˷ߣ򲻿˵
ֳ۵˼㣡
ֻ̫棬ڵ׻˵ֲЦˡиҸ棬̹Ŵ˴־ħʱսǹȥˣһ޶ɱ¾ǻħԹչںءˣӦǿӹſɣĪҪŭԹˣʱ֮Ӱ
⻰˵꣬ˣ涼ˡ
û뵽̫ǿӲȫʳԳУ
ߵѻȽǰ鷳˵ɣ
û̵ô֮û뵽̫˻شһˣصй۲ˡ
ˣ֪ˣ̫˸кҲ뿪ˡᣬղ̫òվڳ֮󼪡


67 ټü
Ϊ۵ҪĶԾˡ
̫汾ûʲôޣ޷һС¶ѡʳ֮ǰҲûΪѣ
ֻ̫һ٣ƺΪѵӡʵҪԾˣῪʼ˵ûʵĻˡ
㵹ʩιȻʳλѼ֤˫ǲݡ
˵ꡭ
ݣ
ݣ
˵ֻ꣬ʳ˽

̫Цˣʵ޻˵ˣԼĨһ٣鳰ЦЩȫ澹Ȼ˵֪̫ŭ
ںɣλ硢ħཻٵر֤ݱ䱾Ҳʶʱ⣬ġ뱾εݣȴһٵĨڣ㾹ҪߵڰףߣᣬҪΪѣ֮ϲƣζ𣡡

̫˵꣬ɲǼʱΪ֮һ˵
δ磬ãƹ£յûգ̫
Ǻܶ˲šϾĺģΪеǣ͸ҰŪ޴̫ǾÿΪࡣ
˿̫˵ˣ
ʳˣһʱеԽܣ
˰ãߵ̫ҪڣǿΪ㵮Σܶ˻ħжĪҪΣ
ƣΣɱһΪޡյ˰ĵ
ȷˣ
ǰǧħ񶼻ˣ̫ڻΣ

ԼĻˣΪ֮ˣֵ˵ˣ˵ʲôʲôǲҪ˵㵮Ǹ磬ߣƭ˵Ļ˭֤
һ⣬Ȼ
֤
Ȼ䣬һֻһɫâһᶼûôֵģӰѾ̫ǰˡ
˵ĵܱһ֪ĺȻ֣ɵ֪ǿռͨ
УʱΪ𣬿ռΪܴ˿̵ĺĴܻûﵽԪɵΪǷ򣡵ǶԿռ䷨Ŀ
̫ѣ
üü˸ٵĳ˯üǿĻָһΪ˿̵üû˵Ϊֻʣ´޺ڵΪˡ
ΪģĿռ䷨˴ֻۣд޽ΪȴҲܼ򵥵ʩչռͨ
̫û뵽ٴμüҲǺ˷ܣĵһѡ
ԭüѣû뵽ʮٲѵǸӡˣ
̫еڿü˼Ͼ֮ǰüΪǻħռħ
̫ĪҪڿˣѲˣǶлѵָ㣬Ҳỹн졣
ĪҪ˵޷ССѶѣؼǿüԼľüдѡǵѵḶ́ɲҾӹ
֮л̫ѡճ̫Ҫһһʳϲ̫ѹȻҵȻ֮šô²ɴԾͲˡ
ҲãüѼ֤Ǹо˺ܶࡣ


ȫ˳ϵĽ̸λĴܶˣ
ҧ뵽ǵڶˣǵڶˣ̫ƥ㾹Σ
̫ŭҪ˵ʲôֱˡ
üѣɼ߱ɱ񣿡ֻ˳
棿ҧгݵ
üһ㶣üĪҪ˵ˣûǵ˼Ѳ󣬱û̹ǶԵģ˰ţκΰ
üȻ֪˵ʲô޷ưԺģɱȡǾ䡰ɼ߱ɱ񡱣ͱˣ˻߱ɱħл꣡
زöȴ˼ˡ
̫û뵽ǻ߱ɱħ룺üһЩħֻ˺أͺһʵζѡ
㣡治üȻش
кܲģ˻ħ߱ɱħ֮л̹꣬ŵĺν
ͺܶޱлħԹһҲ飬Ѻ޳ΪΨһ顣Ц̹ţ̹ſٺΣ󻹲ħռݺģ
̫üƺʲô飬Ҳöʣ˵λѣҴ˶ԹΣ
üһЦ̫ѻҪҪҪæ

⻰ʵһʳһ
أܽüҹۿͺá
̫ܾüĺ⣬̫һֱѳ߹ϣüİ
ҲãüһЦ˵꣬ᶼһ˽ս˫Χ
Ĵ˿룺ڿսˣһ۰ٲӲˣ
ѣҲҴһ߹ۿͺá̫ߵ
εǸɴ࣬һͷʧ̫ߡ
һӻᣬԼԻһеӶûࡣ
̫ίˣʴ̫ĺѾˣ


68 һ壡

Ѿŭ棬̽ûУ¡һʱߴ޽ɵΪչɡ
кܶ˻ΪˣԼ¶úܶ˿
ȷ˿ǵġϾ¶ľͲˣֻв֪ܲĲȷʴˣ¶޽Ϊ棬˿
ҲˣܶˣӦǰĶܣﵽ˴޽ɵĲΡ

ֻὣɢɹâɫܱ߷ۡ
ն
Ҳϻһ̫ɹ̫֮Ϯȥ
޽ɳڵ棬ӶƷ鱦ὣѾ߱˴ڵܣֵֶҪ
ҪƿлӺ;̫ǲܵġ
ˣ
ֻ̫ͷĻһƺڲ̹ŴսǧħֿսĴУûӶ˷ˡ
̫һӾͿʼѸתˡһѹصķԼػˮ֮ӭϮľ޽ײ
˺󣡡
ֻʳλ϶˵һӣʳѸȥ
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Ĺ֮ڵı赲ڽ̤̫û˿ãĹѾ˷ܡĻƽˣ˳ӻȥ

һһȻû뵽ԼĹ򵥵ı赲ǻӵĹ̫ˣֱὣ⼫Ʒ鱦
Ȼ𾪵ͬʱһȣ룺ֻ̫̫ҽԲĲΣӣҲԼôһƻа
ķ鱦ʼתҪ赲ӵĹǰʱյõĶ鱦ͼҲʼ仯
ǣ
ȻС˻ӵĹֻ̫̫ԲεΪҲɵ͵ġ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ̫սҲʵзԪˮġ
鱦ҲǿȻһѪ
ãԿˣ
ӹȻǿһǿʶ˻ӹһ̫ͼ
䡱һ汻˺ü
⻹˴޽ɵΪҪ̫ҺڵΪͲֻǻˣˡ
һνֹˣĵһˡ
᱾뿿Լ̫ʤù䡣ʧˣ֮ǰĽֿó̫ﻤ޵ˡ
Һãеڶƻֻһ׼ĴϣѸ
һӭ̫ǵڶΪ̫ҽڵΪϴ޽ɵᣬò̫

٣Ȼһʳ治ҪƤһţͷֻǻû˵꣬ͱһסͣţ峤
ţ峤ѸɨһΧһ룬ҺôҶڹעսûţͷ˵Ļ
ţٸҺţ壬ԼҲţ塣ţ峤ۺǳ
ٺ٣峤ãҸղ˵СҾͲţ𺩺Ц
ţ峤ΪԼţ徭дţҺû¿סţ屻ΪţǶţ裡൱ǡ
ţһĻӰս˵뷨û뵽̫һ־͸֣ᾹҪһ
Ϊǿû̫ΪеΪߵᶼ˿Ĵܶ鱦Ŀˡ

ˡˡˡյ漯һѸʶ
Ҳס̫һṥ̫ǿһᡣ˴
ƣһͷʾס
ֻѸٷеὣâ̫ȥһֱͼҲʼû֮
ͼֻ֮ͼһĻ̫С
̫ƶζ
˼ʱˣ̫ϺĹ衣
׼ʱӶȣı֮Ҳǿ󹥻ֶΡ
ߣֻ̫һ
һĻɵˣ̫ȻȫȻӳ
̫ɵ𣿡
ô£
ף԰

˼ˣһŭ̫Ӹеŭ
ЦˣԼĵʱˣֻҪ̫ԿˣǺĴܶסˡ
Ȼ
ʵǣֻ̫ȥ̫սԼᶼס
䣡һ˲̫Χ
ֵ̫Լᶼ֣ͣ뿴̫ŷ
һɵˡ
ֻղŻ̫𣬾Ȼ˲䱻̫ȫڡ
⡢⡢⡭


69 Է٣
Ȼ𣿡
̫ͷһЦԴ̫һûѺĵĸֻ
ˣΪףȵϺĵһ̫𣿳ڤ𣬻ףڵľζ
ô£
Ȼͣ
Ȼ̫𣡡
һʱ䣬ǺĴܣʳ˶̫֡Իľٶˡ
ȻôϲԱĻΣ
ֻ̫һȣ̫ʼ߷֮ʼ֡

춯أ̫ľֺһʱΧ¶ȶ˺ܶࡣ
ã̫𣬺ĵһ棬û޽ΪԵֻֿһ
̫ȴˣԱĹ
ֻɵ۵˶ȥʣµԼ϶ȥ
λĪҪˣ˵
һΣȲ̫ľȴҲŲס
ֻ˽³һƷƷ鱦ĲΡ
ң鱦Īķͨ
ǻĻߺĵĹ½ҵ컯ȣ鱦鱦
ǿĳɳԣ鱦Ƿǿ
̫Ĺ涼Сοϣ
ǱĪˣֻ̫۵Х
ңмң֪̫ˣⲻ̫ҽɷĹǴ޽ɵĲι
̫ȷˡơô޽ɲεķʩչ̫
˱̫̫úǱһʱû̫Ѿӳ޽ɵĲΡ

վûܾȵˣ̫ҺΪ᱾ΪǱҲǿһᡣ
ֻҪԼ㶨̫ľ˺ܾˡ
ȻԤƴˣ̫˲˰Χˣ
˻һʱֱûˡ
䣡

̫
֮ǰ̫̫Ը죬ǿǿʴֵ
ϼûзûǿ壬˵ϵѹƣԣ̫һжʤֱ˻Ϊһҡ
һĻˣڳе㾪ֵĸо
㣡
̫һ˸˱գֻ̫кȻʱ̣ʱ֮һ˲䶨סҪܵȡ
̫֪ûһ˿лУҪûߡ
̫ɲᣬʱ˲䶨סȡ
ܣ򣡡
ȣֱӱʱڿռ䡣˵ĲлȣҪԱܡ
ûԱʱ̫֪ûг𣬷Ҫܡͷˣ񵱳ˮһԲϾԱ
ɶ̫
̫
ϼһĻױˡ
˵Ϲ̫ɱһˣܶƤο˶еģ̫ɱһܲŭ

̫ȻдͨȻ̫𣬱֮սʼ˳Ծ˵
Ҳû뵽̫ڣǷ֮ס
÷澪ȵͬʱңҵԼľѪи̫ҪǣȻˡһٺܱʱ룿ԼǷˣ
𣿷ֻ˵̹Ŵϣ̫ôˣ̹Ŵԭ£̫ˣû̫ɶ

峤̫ܼԦϱҵĴ涼⡢⡢⡭Ӧ𺳵ǡ֣ҧֺ̣
ü̫𲻿ǡ㿴ĻղŶͣһ־ɱˣǿġ
һ㶣ȴ
ȿȣˣҲʾ˵Ķԣ

̫շȺ󣬿ڶ˵ﱾ𣬾Ҫñɱ׼ֻǵһѣȷŭʲô
㡭
˾ŭƿԣ
󣡡
״˿̲Ƿŭʱ˱ɱˣҲҪȥ
ֻǵһ͵ڶʧˣ̫ǿԤϣΪԼһ˾̫֮ǰһν־˵·ͨ
ʴˣټĴ̫֮
ȴû뵽мҪ̫κεвˡ
ڽ֮ƣʲôƤټƽˣѾʧȥˣѾۿˣ򲻿ԥҪʳ֮ס̫˺̫

ֻʳΪߣʼѸƶ
̫С㣬֮Թѵ˲ݵľ棬ģ㼸ιȻȣڸǴɱʳϡĿ䣬е񶾡
̫ȴЦˣĳƪۣôҲһǿߣһʳߣҪƤɡ˵Щ޷ȡʱ䲼ѣõҪƤ𣿡
̫ƣֱûһ˿Ƥ
̫Ͳɵ᲻֪Լϻ޷ȡʱ䲼ѡ
㣬õɫǺ죬Ƕˡ
ʱѾúˣҲ̫ϵĽ棬ĳѾˡ
λǿ߱ͬʱȻ
Ȼ̫ľٶˣ
ˣ



70 ʳ
ֻ̫ʳ󷨲ɺҲˡ
䣡һ
̫ſ޺󣬶ʱһǿƴ̫Ϸ
ǣ޽ڵΪ
ã̫һֱѹΪ

ɫѿŭеŤֹţܣģ
еˣʱ̫̫֮Ѹ齨ʳһʱ仹չ˺Ϸ
ˣһֱȺ飬һֱĲΡ
̫³֣ûΣǾǵڶĻᡣ
ֻҪɱ̫ռ̫ˣռ̫һԽ޲TˣΪĵһˣ
һˣĵһˣôѪڵĳƺŰ
˿̣
̫ѹסΪĴ˿̣ϵѹƣЩʧȥ˵ֿ
˴޽ɵľ磬ÿһСر𡣸˵ֻǳޣѡ
̫أ
Ǵ޽ڵΪǵػѿľ簡ԶǸ޿ԱȽϵġ
޽ڣʮƷ
̫ʮƷ
̫Ȼֲ
Ψüӵкκ𾪵ģ̫ʮƷⲻ뵱𣬵ͻԪ޽أ
Ȼ龰дĵ޲T桢ˡ
˿ǱΪǰֵģǵĽںεأ
Ȳ˵͸üˣɨص̫ǿһΣ
ǿ˺ǿ˶٣δĺģ컯ԺİС̫Ժգɨص̫һ¶Ͱסˡ
ˣǻˣԭ̫һֱûóʵһֱѹΪ˽
֪̫ʲôƣƺа취ӦԾ档
̫̤ͷϻȵǻᣬȻΪ̫뱾ûһ˿áνʲô򣬵ʲôȻ֮ǾҪܱŭ𡣡
䣡
ֻһɫӳ̫С
̫һӣصɫâʳõĴȥ
һ󷨲ȣ
пڣ
䡱һʳ˲õ󷨱̫ƿˡ

ҡ
̫
һʱʳ캰ءĴľ
̫û飬ӡˡһֻǱȿĴ󣬺ˡеĽ飬Ǳӵĺƴֱ˻ҳ
~~覴ѵĿһĻеĲʻһź
ղ̫ղŵĹ̫ˣֻɫâ󷨾ƿˡ
˲ı仯ʵĿϾӡ
ʳ󷨣˺̫ѹΪ˲䣬̫ƿ󷨣Ⲽ󷨵ˣȫû
Ǻ𣿡
̫к͵ֶΣ
̫򲻿ǰʼ˿һĻȻеĸоȻֶ̫סˡ
һ̾˵ǣ˴εĽѾʤˣ̫յʤߡȥԸˣ򲻿˫󣬿̫ľ˵
ʼͷ֮˲Ǻռģҿ̫ʳû뷨˵ɣ̫ʳ뷨һ͸ˣ
û˵еˡ

ٱ̫ιʳʣµֻʣΪµ飬λԼˡ
ʣµΪСߣѾƵˣǺʳͬǲܵġʴˣҴʳʼˡ
һĻȴûֹȷƵ˭ںأ
λϵ뷨Ҳһûܣ֪Լˣûմ̫ܣΨоһսˡ
ϣҲûָ빲ʱˣһжʧˣƽʲô
ᣬ
̫ӱ¶ΪĿʼ;Ҫսپˡ
кߣΪ̹µһʱƴύս
̫۹·ֻ̫һ֣˲ѹһռ䣬Ҫߵ˲䱻һء


̫ƥ򣬺䡭ԸҵĽˣȻԱ鱦Ҫƿӵѹܡ
Ȼ̫ô޽Ϊ߶ĻӣԱһƷ鱦ƿģԱһ鱦ࡣ
ͣͷɢһѪ
е󣬲ٱҶúߵ̫ʵ̫ǿˡȻʱ֮ȣû̫ʹãʱ֮Ҳ̡̫
̫վС㣬
漫ΪǱ̫񣬾Ȼ֮ǰķŭÿˡ
̫֪֪Լ޷ѺĿ
ݺĻĹ٣û뵽³ҲգҲգޣǻع鱾ԴΣƺʲôߵõָ
䣡
ֻһ߳ĻĹŵԱˡ
˺һйԱ󷵱Դ֮Դȥ
̫û׷ָһ˼桢ɽɽ
̫ݵԱԴ棬Ȼ˴˺ɽǷԴ󣬾ٵݱ䣬ɽɽزͭ


71 ̬ȣ
̫һ֣ὣͼ
һٶԱеĺһ̫˵۹⣬ֻһ䣬Ѹٵı仯
еյˡˡˣһҽжûüͻΪһˡ
֤һĴܣһ䣬еĿࡣ
ͬʱ̫һˣһ˿η
ΨüƺΪ⣬̹Ŵսĳ棬ȻС治Ϊ⡣
̫Ĵ˴ΪԺĴܴǵĩĹʱ̫ʱҪ١
޺ڻʳԼĴܵĳԽԽʼûԼ䡣ʶ˲ˡ
пһչֳˡ
ף鱦ҽǷƵ̫ʳλϵ鱦һ̽ջ񲻴
鱦Ʒ鱦һ鱦ûмƷ鱦ҲˣƷ鱦ĲŶ١
˳̫Ķúһ
ֻ̫гһ򣬶ʱ鱦Ĳⱻ̫
⡭һ⣬ȴû˵ʲô
صѣССʳ͸Ƶѣʵ˲Թü̫ǰ̫ص
š
ϲ̫𡭡
ϲ̫ˣ
̫ͨ죬ʳ

һʱ䷴Ӧĺˣʼܡġ̫ϲǿΪ𲻾
ȻαǺǰĻʳ׺ͿˡСС屻𣬲Ҳ𣬴Σ
ֻкǰʮĴͺļλף
̫ΪĵĽɣһһʳ̫ˣ
ף̫ӽԺģ̫Ҫһǣǻܣ
ĻɫеΣ̫ǰϲˣֻǡ˵ˣϵ͸߹ѣҪǵ𣬵չ鱻˳ͷ԰
Ϻ˻̾ϢĶ̫
̫󣬷һ£
ǾǻȺƴˡ
Ǻƴڻʱ̣˵̫֮ǰҪɱʱƻֹ𣿾ͷռôΪһĵġɵӡ
ﲻһȰĶȰˣ̫ύսʱûվֹǴ˵ѡ
̫ɱˣ
㿴óǺҪĶࡣ
ԣ̫ԻﵹǸˣ˵ţӹֲ֮˭𲻳ưԣֻңκġȴСƵģʱע˽Ľ֣
̫仰˵꣬Ĵ˿
ɿԭǣ̫˻ưԺġ
̫ղǾ仰ðưԣֻңء仰̫ϲˡ
Ѻõģﶼû뵽̫˵
ͬʱ֣ԭ̫ԼѡûѡԼҲֻңؼ䡣
ôһȣ̫ô󣬻һҪ̫Ϊûѡ
ʱ
̫̬ɺĵĺܶ죬ʼĸˡ
̫塭ӭݹ٣иˡ
̫ѣʳڴѴݹ١
̫ѣ˵ߵ
һʱ䣬ܶ쿪ʼ̫
̫ţֲЦˣԿ˼뿪ˡ
Ψ޲T棬ֻ̫һۣ˺ֶһۣĿгޡ̰˺Ҳû˵뿪ˡ
º̫Ҳ̫ȥһ
̫б£ֻø˵ʱһһ
ȻҲУǷһ壡
ֻüƺڿʲô̫֪ţµʳˣ
̫׷뷨ԴһûС
̫ûʲôǸ鷳ˣ̫綼̫ᣬȻչ
̫һƵΪԾ
̫æһʳʣСޣȥɡ
ȿȣһΣе㲻ԼĶ䡣
ָֻ̫һ㣬еĺһֻʳһصСؾˡ
ʳĲرأ̫ò࣬ϲòõȲ˵ֻҪԼ졣
̫һӣֻʳղأȫ̫
ʼ˺ͷȲѡ
Ҳ뵽ӵ̵İ취̫ɱһ壬Ȼ󡭡
һʼ˺ͷҲ뿪ˣʳռʳ̵ʱڣ˲̫Ǿ仰Ķס
ֻʣ̫桢üˡ
һطһ̸



72 ɣ
λѣȥһΣ
ɣüûҰס
ƣޱȵ̫ϵȻ̫˵ɶɶ
ѵġҲû
ʳ󣬻˲û뿪
̫һ뿪кܳʱ䲻ȥˡ
һΪĴս̫ܹҪʾһ¡
⣬̫һƻŮûҵʵȥŮڶ̫࣬ãĺһ𣬲ʧΪһõط
ǿĵ̣̫ҽԲڣúӵǿҲܽ


Ҳ֪̫ʳ鷳ûУϧҵΪ£ԵһûС
ڣź巵صСĬ
̫ͨ죬Ȼܽʳ鷳¡ʳǿޱȣµǲܵģаͻӻĺ˵𡣡
С겻̫һԽʳв²⣬̫һջͺá
峤
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ںڸ䣬洫һ
ȥô£С͵
һᣬһ˽˵峤λϣǸմϢ˵̫ѾʳĴȫ̫ɱʳѾɢռʳĵ̡
СļѹŵĺЩڵأСʵԵ棡
峤˵ģҵȺǿԵг˾⣬Ӧá
⣿
λֳĬˣǲźϷĵһʳûˡǺǰˡ

Ǻˡ
̫ʳϢŹս֮ˣʼѸٵĴĴء
˵ʲôʳ̫ˣⲻܰɣ̫˲ǵСһû𣿡һϵԼ˵ıʾš
һɫ˸̾˵ѣչضˣôôҪϢ֪
εұչаˣճأɼ˵˵
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ȷڵĺһλ̫ȻǺĵһˣ̫ͨкĵһ̫鱦ȣİл
˵˵ţɼ˶۲ˣֵŶˣк칦ߣθǵõὣͼ˵ȣյ˵Ͻ˵Ḷ̌˵˵İȣ
⣡һƷ鱦ûУ̫Ȼкܶࡣֵˣʢ̫һ𣿡
ɼ˵Ӧǿһ鱦Ӧòǰߵȼģ̫Ҳûʹá
Ӧ̾Ӧľ̫Ӱ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ̲̫ǿ˻Ĳȡ
ɼ˵Ľ˸̾ϧ̫𲻽ҶУ֮ͨʵˡ
ǰ̫𲻽ֻңؼ䡣
Ҳ̫Ϊң䰡ȿûǸʵ
һһʳȷû˸Ҳ̫ң

˵ʳûˣ̫ˣ
˵ˣϢΪͨĴϢ᲻֪
ѣ̫ĵںϺҵǲǰȥͶҪǵȣҲĵˡ
ף˵ҵȾܱɣеΪҵȽҵΪƱػһءᣬ˻֮Σ̫кĵһ̫ǡ˿ʼˡ

ǧʱ䣬̫ʳϢ״ġ
֮ǰܶĴԤƵģ̫ĵĽɡ
һ̫˳֣ʹɱˮ棬ˮǵһλĺĴܡ
ڶ̫־壬˺ǰʮθݣֱʳ
̫Σνս졣
ˣ壬׷»ˣ̫򲻿ɵһҪмӣ˭ҵ̫ǧǣ򣡻ҷġ
Ȼ̫ҲУĵĺܶܣǸΪļ̣Ȼᱻ̫סˡ
˾𶼲ܶҡģ˺ħ
ǰ̫ĿѣһԳԽĿꡣ
ǣܶʶ̫ǿ󣬾Ȼѹѹ˺ͳ˶ȻúܶΪٳ޷ߣ


73 ɣ
ĿһϿڡ
ŨһڸǴ˵أڶ飬ΪܸߣɲǴ˵ߵΪˡ
ֻһ׺ƮƮɹһɸߵľ޴ϡ
ɣɣˡǰ׺׷һŮеۣȥɰӶࡣ
ֻһӣ޴ϸһ˵ס
ԭСɺ㰡ôˣҲ˵úģôΪҪ֪ġһߣһ硣
Сɺû˵ʹˣѽˡڸǣû˽ʲô˵ˣ㻯κͿԱˡ
Сɺ׷Լ̫ˣ˱
㣬һ
Сɺ׵ɢû취ԼȫԣԼλ֪ʲôʱأ
˵Ҳ棬ϿУԼĸ
ͬһϿУõҲɻΣԼ̫ҽɳˣƺûһ㻯εİա
ԼƣҪҪ޽ɵΪҲҪԲ̫ҽԲĲΡ
ɲ˵ˣСɺüԴʣʲôʱΣ㶼̫ҽΪôΣ
𣿡Ҳ֪
ǵ̫ʱ򣬴;ˮλ
̫Ƶ鷢ˣڸ񣬵Ǽ磬ҲĿ죬Ѿ̫ҽɵľˣȴٳٲܻΡ
ܻҪٵ۲УɳĬ
СɺһҪôã㻯ζҪ޽ɵΪˣ
ǰ֪ô£ҵĴвûм˸ʵˣҪҪ̫ҽԲ޽ɵΪ̫ԲҪ󣡡
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ͷ۵ЦˣΪģ֮ǰϿгȥľˣŻֻһλǻΪȥģΪȥι𣿡
˭˵ĻֻһˣòãľӾ͸ջСɺ׵
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¶һ
һ㶣ԼϹ˵˵ˡ
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˰ɣСɺ׿ĵЦҪǸ˵ˣҲò˼飬ҸҲò˼顣
˵ɳˣСɺܡ¡Ůô
ã˵˵Сɺ׵ģ屻ˣλֻһŶһо塣
أ
ɾܶдһ𾪣ԽܡϾǰʮŲϣǰʮĩβ
Ҳһλܣ˺һ˵ǹƥʳĴϣԼʳΪߵĽܶһˡ
⻰˵꣬һĬ
һŲŵĵⲻܣ˺ǰĸ֣ܱ˴ɱأʳôˣǵһ涼аСɺĪҪ˵

СɺװһЦˣҾ˵㲻ŰɣҸҲţʵľûѣ
Ȼᣬ侲һ¡
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νһһԸ
ڵСϿȣԺ˵̫ˣǶ챦أҲûĵرֻһ֣ȴƽһط
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֮ǰоŸΪߣΪϿڵѡȥ̽ǵõԵǵõ鱦ǿ˵ϿΪʵ
ʱǱ͸ǳȻҲ٣ѾϿ߷ˡ
ҪǿȥΨ߳ȥ̽
ΪģҲϿȼϣڣʴˣ֪ԼʹǾ绯Σõıⷽ顣
ҲΪдĿ꣬ɶԺĴܸľϣԼһҲΪǵȴڣܺúñ˵ˡ
ǣ
Сɺ׺Ȼ˵һֱܾ汻˴ɱˣʳҲˣһʱеԼļִˣ
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СɺӲ⣬֪ղЩɣȴĵ̫𡭡𼱣˵֪Ҳġ壬˺һʳľӾ˵ġ
Сɺ׵Ľֻ˵һ仰̫𣡡
ڸղţ߳ԻɷֲǱԴǾ磬Ϊ˻
ˣ̫ӵģһγɾɣ



74 ٺ壡
壡
ɴˣ
ں̫ĵ󣬺ڸֽĵȴš
峤෽̽Ϣһµģ̫ȷʳ
˵꣬ں˿
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һ峤Ͽ˵峤̽Ϣһµģ˾ŲʮˣҵˣҵΪԶﲻĲΣԵɱʳҵȿǲܵ顣Ե˵ֻСѣʴˡ
СӻʴˣǵĵǶģҵԼʵĦ̫𣬵ȷҵˡ
Ǻǡ
С˵꣬ںЦˣ⡰ȡ̫ˣһҪıסа
ȻѾˡ

ֻһ壬ֱ˽ƺ˹أһļ嶼ڲ峤λϣ̫ˣͻ桭
ʲô
ȥӭӣ
ûȻ㱨꣬Ѿʧˡ

̫һж̫һοʱһʱ仹ед
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ȹӭ̫𡣡
С˶̫
ɣ˴Ҫ£ֻ̫˵꣬ԺǱѣüɣΪڱ֮ϣȲɵ
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ֵ̫˱ڤ֮ѣ˺ĵһңܡ
Ȱݼ棡
Ի֪֮꣬ʴҲܾ壬ĺĴܣݴѱ鼰ġ
̫˱ѣ֮ĸŮǿյһ飬Ȳɵ
ȺݼŮ񣡡
һܣǺǿյһ飬嶼еľˣ𰡣ʶĶ
ȻҪ֪̫ں壬һˣ

Ŵںĵ̫׺ĸмԼǵ֮Ѿ۵ĸоٱȥܳһ鱦Īܡ
ⲻǺĳݣ̫񰡣
ãã̫Լĵֻһ֣һȥ
֮ǰֻھ͸ˣ̫ĺܶͷͨɼֻҪлԵȫԴ̫ͨ
ֻܸĳ֮ˣҪͶȡɵǲܣ̫©
Ǻǣ̫ѶԺȷʵ֮ΨΪߵü̫Ϊ
СͼλĳеԺ
ֻü̫ѰĸһЩͨڽֻҪȻԵһܸеĸͨҵΪ˶ķӡڣü
С󣬼ĲԼҪݣ̫סˣ̫治ϲû¾͹ݡȻĴԼܵ𣬵ǲϲѡ
̫ЦüרռĽء޷Ǹķһѡ
УüʵĪ
޷ʱΪЩ˻Եѡ
̫üָ޷̫̰á
̫ްĸ
ķ޷Ǵͨѣ˵˶שһУû޵ķ򣬸û̫Ӳר˵
̫ȫ԰̫ӵķתΪȻ˵ġ
ʴˣ̫ü˵רʱմ
¾üԾʱΪ𣬿ռΪͬʱѾˡ
ǺǣüعһЦдǾͺãĪҪֱ졣
˵Цˣ޴¡ҵʶڻ磬ʣµĺѲˡ̫źͻˣҲ˵Ҳ
˺˶һЦ
λΪ۵һɺáʹעܾˡ
໥۵ʵƽΪƵġ
̫ü۵ռ˵ġϾü̫Ϊֻܶ࣬ҪЩ򣬾͹һӡ
˵꣬涼ڴĿˡ
ɣ̫ü
ʵһ۵Ҳкôͨ
̫ôݵȻ߲ܡ
λҪ۵СҲȣ֪ˣȻ۵ûǸ𣬵
𡭡Сصġ
λѶ͵´֮ȻжȺôȥ˵һ°ɣľܸҿȻԵˡ̫κ
лл𡭡ֶ˵лüɣл棬лŮ񡭡
ȥټˣСԼλ峤ϵҪλ
ǣ峤
ں峤·ƮƮģ



75 ۵
һƽ̨ǰֻ̫ϥ
ܱ߲ԶģԼλһϥ
ٱϣнʮˣĿ˶˶Ŀƽ̨ˡ
ֻΪλ˵ͣǱשˣλָ㡣
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˵ֻ꣬üâʤƸ֡
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ֺ֮һڱ˻鱦ڤ⻹߸ɫëƮݣǻϵ߸ڤѵõ鱦ÿһǷ֮ۡ
üѵĶֻ֮࣬һŻɫϸᷢǲֳԵĸо˿ռ䷨ֿ֮ʣľһḷ̌üıɼ
̫
ۺˣֻ̫ͷףͭ컯ɫӺߡаɫ̨ʮƷлɫӻӣʱ̫֮Ϻ󣬿ۣܲڻԪ컯Ⱦ͸ˡ
ѺøԴңﶼеĿĸо
Եɺϰˣ̫Ц
ԴӶԸʳ󣬾ûжڲˣ˸Ҵע⣿̫ʾν˭д͡
ȻҪʱȺصģϾ̫졣
̫º֪󣬻

˼֮ͻ˸˸
һǧ֮꣬ĸȻǳΪ̣ǳ̫ô࣬صӡǳ֮
üͻĲ࣬ӡ֤дãǻﾹȻо羫ͷ
Ȼĵˣǡ壬ǳ֮ҪĽ˵ǡǿǻУĪĺô
Ҳ̫ںԭ֮һ

˼ң磬Ʊ䡢ΡΪ֮ң֮ĵ͸¶һңѵζ
̫ζ̫֪֮ңޣ
ңҲãҲã֧֮ѣ
ͬһǧ꣬мĽС֮ΪѾ̫ҽڡ侳̫Բˣֻһʹ̫Һڡ
Ϊ򾳽ĸ࣬һʱеͻƵζúڳϲüҡ
Ǵܽĺô
̫ʼˡ
ڴģϾ̫˴޽Ϊ޽ƽ
̫Ϊֵܳ󣬴߿ԣ
ֻ̫ƴŰǧڴƣνԲ¹ơԲ̫ơԲơԲơȱơǻ۹ơơơơ󸣵¹ơ󹦵¹ơơ̾ƣȲ˵Ҳ
̫֮ӯԨ֮ڡף⣬ͬ䳾տƻ档᲻֪˭֮ӣ֮ȡ쳤ؾáܳҾߣ䲻ܳܣʱΨȡ
˽ƽ̨ϣ컨׹ӿƾն֣ƻơ
ֳ΢֮νඥȱϲ©ǻǻʨӺʨӺȲ˵˵
֮֮ǹ첥¡
̫ͷƣ۶ԪƸǶ֣ˮ֮أӿ죬׹䡣
ݺᣬžŰʮһƣݻһԪǡšࡢСϡǡԡŹܶʼͣϢ˵ĸоȴδβͬǴΨֱָġ
Ǻ壬ǻˣԳ̫֮Уþò԰Ρ
ΪΪԲǳһС
ü̫Ľˡ
Ȼ⻹ֻ̫ϸС̫֮Բ
Ǻǣʱýֱӳ֣ԶԺ˵ǵ
ޱȳǧ̫꣬˸⡣
֮ǰǳң̫֮֮ǰ޽ɺڵľ羹Ȼϸ΢
໥۵ĺôˣͨ
Ĵޱ໥۵֮ãû
ǧ꣬˸ȴ˽ֳ̫꣬Կĸо
޳ӣֻĻＤ
ǣǣŮ棬졣
̫ѣüû뵽ջ˴ֵǱҲһ¿ռ֮



76 ɽˮ꣡
üĽ̫ҪǾĸ
ڷ̫¼ǱһҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
ֻҪӡ˺󻹿Ҹ
ü˴νջľ̫˾ӽȻĸࡣ
С˸ãȻü˿ռڷжһģһ̫ҽΪĸʵǿˡ
ǧ󡭡
̫һ˽Ӹʱ⣬˶ǳ
ǻѾﵽ˴޽ɵĲΣֻҪչһͿˮɵĵ޽ɵľ硣
̫ü˻ʮƷĺĻûд˳ɾ͡ԻｫĴ޻ΪҪ˵ٽʡԪҸ
һپǵڰˣھǰܳɾʹ޵˺ԼΪͻƵĲΡ
ʴˣʱں˵Ҫ
ʡһԪᣬиĿܡ
λѣʵźϵ˴θҪչһʱ˴εĸ򣬹ʴϵҪصչأֻܸλˡ
֪ǸҪΪҪȺûҪĶࡣ
󣬵еǼĻᣬΪҪϻصչΪá̫˵

λûʾ⣬˻صˡ

ʵϵ˴ҲջҲҪλˡü̫Ľջܴ
˻͵ˣȻ֪ΪҪ
ֻΪˣʵǿˣδ
תۼֻʣ̫ˡ
̫üƺ£˵ǷҲջҲҪչظһ
֪ѣȷˡҲǱǵģ֮ȴ֪ȥδ
̫һЦĵˣѹ۴˵Σ
⣡һ㶣ˣЦ嵹ǲҹ۴ϲƽϲսǺͱԸơ
̫˵ͷˣ֮ĸѸǱԴԼǽܹͨǳ֮
ѿ֪ǳ֮ԺҪãǿ˻ǳħ̹ʶ˫
̹Ԫ񡢾ѪлԵ̹ʶֻ򣬹޾ǳ
ǳ֮Ժ忪о޴ãǳܴ֮ٽ廯Σ
֮ĸ׶ԺҪ

̫һЩظ档
һĽ֪ͣԼȻд˴á
̫˵ĲԼͨǳ֮ʱǺΪһΡ
ΪԼΪͣԽǳʴ˺࣬ԭġ
ǿǳ̹֮飡૵
ûԶ忪úܴ󣡡
׵ѵ˼ˡʵǺ塭
̫ɻ󡣵㲻ùܣ

Ĵڣֻĸ߲㶼ڡ
ǿ֪˭̫˸ɻ⡣
һ㶣˵Ů񰡣˭
̫ʣŮ񽲵ʱǷջܴ󣿡
ƺеˣϾݣ
̫ʣŮͶȺԸƣŮħͨǳ֮ͨԶȸҪʴˣŮǺ壬Ҫô
̫˵꣬һ͸СҵȻŮΪ̫ϳϣλһһһŮ񡣡
Ǻǣ̫һЦӿɽ̣
ʵ̫˵ˣԼƣԼ治ϲʱһŮ˸Լ鷳˵ԼҲûô
ΪΣ̫档
ƺоԾ֪ǲԾԲȥ롣˵ҲãʱҲȥںҲɡۺŮ࣬кڣҲúܡ
̫һ׵ˡ
Ǻǣ嵹д˺ˣ֪ʱȥһ𡣡תãҲҪȥˡ
̫鶼㶨󣬿ʼԼĵˣ֪ʯ񡢿顢ѵôˡ
һʱ̫ĸ¶滣סˡ
еоԾҲˡ룺̫ȷ˼ԼĵˣԼҲǿһ
С꣬Ƚǡ̫Сһ㣬˺󻹰ɱ˵õĮ̇Сꡣ治Ĵܡ
̫Ѽͻƴ޽ɣȥѰһ°ɡ
˵꣬ľϲֻһ˸ʧˣֻһԺ𣺡
ɽˮ꣬ˣټ֮ʱɽˮɣ

Ŀ̫ʧĵطȻеʧƺоʧȥʲô漴Ϳˣ޵֮޷ˡ
Сһμʱ򣬾Ͷ˹ϵ˳Ů񣬵ˣ
תͷ΢ЦС꣬Ȼ˺ܶ࣬˵нɣ
ţ㣡



77 ˱¼
̫ɵĸоǽ鷳ĵһֽѣ̫֣⾹ȻľЩ΢
м̫꣬ҵһ羰Ũ֮أ㿴һջҲùһΪ
һڸǣ֮أ̫˼˼
˵ʲôǣԪԭǵٱʱֵĻδ鱦
ֻ̫һ㣬һطһջûһѰңȻҵ֮ǰһ˿Ӧ鱦֮ء
ףǻ鱦Ա̫֮ƺ鱦ˡ̫ݵ
ӦҲǻ鱦֮ǰɱ˵õƷ鱦ȣβ֪ʲô
һԷ󷨣еĹ̫˵ȫûá
Եõ̫̫ûѺĸֻ
˽ʱ䣬̫ƿ󷨣ֻ˵̫Ϯ
̫ʱһָ
ֻǰ˵𱻶˿У⹥СȻҵײƺҪƿʱȵĿռ֮
ɲ㣡̫һ֣ɢȥ˰˵Ĺ˿̫˴޽ɣԶǵΪʱɱȡ
һֻǰ˵ɢȥе鱦˳
鱦飬ƺ֪ԼӲˣԲڿС
㣡
̫Ԫ֣鱦С
̫һ֪ԭǶ鱦˱¼ţֻʮ˵ƣǿ㶥鱦
ԱҲá
̫鱦ڶ࣬һ˱¼ûһ˿ã޷ǽ͸¶ѡ
ʴˣֻ̫Ǽ򵥵һ¾Ͳˡ
Ű˱¼ѹϷ鱦˭õ̫֪˿̫ˡ
۲Χû©̫˼Ҳã˵ѵõıأڴ˱չһջ񡣡
̫ǿ̤Ŀʼ̫õ˺ܶ࣬ȴһֱû
ĻУѹ֮ǰڸ֡
⣬ҪԱܵ˲л꣬Լ鱦ȣһڻѹ
̫Ȱ½һ¡
֮ԴΣ̫ô󣬵һǺвɶõĺͨ
̫Ƶ컯Ԫ̫оŲֱƳɾԵ֮أѹһЩС֮
˵ıԴÿԼ컯ԪĲ㡰֮ռڡ
ֻҪĨȥĲл꣬ܵõԴͨ
ֻ̫ӡ컯ԪоͿɡ
뵽ֻ̫ӻȡȡ
ȳܣ̫Ԥϵˣȵ˲̫Ͷסȡ
֪ˣαص˲лģ̫ʾᣬܽһǾͲǺˡ

ֻ̫ٳ컯컯ԪѸٷ컯ڣһ̫컯ڡ
̫㡭
ƺ֪ԼˣҪ̫ȴû˵ͱһ˿ǡ
Դ̫ȡ컯ԪĵĲ֮ռڡ
ʹ컯ɳ̫սԪС

˹˰̫Ϊ졣
䣡һ
ֻ컯ԪһǵĲڣѾһƬ硣
ν⣬ֻһڿռ䣬еĿռ䲻һĺؾ
̫УֻϯĲռڣԽĻԽ̫˼һְ̫֮ӡӡС
ʱ̫ĲڵģΧػƺػ߻֮
̫ûֹͣѸյõİ˱¼а˱һС
˽ǧ꣬γĲռƵʽ
̫ȻĲռߣ˱ƣ̫ﵽ˴޽ɲε
ʱˣ컯ԪĲ֮ռˡ̫Ūһк˵
컯ԪƺȻûǿˡ
̳ܽĥ˽սʱųĹ
˵컯ԪĹѾһĶ鱦
̫
ֻҪ˺ѰеУ컯Ԫǰ֮Բʱ컯Ԫ鱦֮ܡŲ㶼ԲܴﵽƷ鱦ĲΣ룬ǱΪﵽ֮κ󣬼컯ԪǺƵģ޲TƵɽҲмƷ鱦εͼѪ飬Լ汻ɱıԴС̫ѣľһΰ˵Դ˵İ
̫ҲƼƷ鱦ĲΣǲǡɡɵģǡɵġ



78 鱦
컯Ԫ̫ˣ
֮ǰŶɱꡣڸӵʱֻ̫ǰ峤Ĩɱˡ
ˣʣ¼ʮλΪ塣
̫̽һڵ徰󣬶ʱĲᡣ
˵̫𵽵ҪҪɱǣɱɱʹ컰ⶼѺôʱˣҲԵģҪǱѴﵽɲΣ˵ˡ
ǣҲа

ͷ˵ܱ꣬ʾ˵öԡ
̫ˣָһһŽ˳£ǲܵġ
ˣųԣ
ֻһ˵˵ҵȵˣҪ֪ȻûдɱǣӦǿҵȵʵˣصҲҪҵÿΪ̡
ţǿΪĶӦд뷨
һӦ
̫ġޡ̫һ㶼û
̫ˣսѾ꣬ÿ춼ÿ춼
ıסԼСؼڱѹշҪ޷ǻ˸м̶ѡ
ԣ֣ȫ̫ɱ峤ΪҲǿΪĹء
ⲻһѾʼΪ̡̫ˡ
Ҳ̫Ĺڣ֮ǰ̫÷̫ˡΪãһǳ
𣬳׷ˣǶԺ׵ģĳ̶ȳ
̫ˣһңǺͪ飬һػңȥȥϳȥɣûˡ

ջɡ̫֮º󣬿ʼջ
̫ϴʳһٵĻۣ鱦ûУҲʳʹˡ
Ͼһ鱦˶սЧһĴ
֮ǰ̫ɱ˲󷨵Ľʳ֣ջʮ鱦һЩƵĺ鱦
õһҲƷ鱦εĽǹѣ̫࿴һ۶ѡ
ɱԼĴϵ鱦ñ
ļƷ鱦ὣ̫̫ϲýţܷõĵ
ϾǼƷ鱦ⶫһս˵ģΪߵõˣǴ
滹һ鱦ͼƷ鱦ʮĵƣƷ鱦ҲڶģСɲɷѵõƷ鱦
˵ȣʮһƵĶ鱦ˣ̫ܺĽпȥܱ̫еһ̫
̫ȣڱУһѵõ鱦̫ʱղǷĵ
ɱյ˵õϽ£пռ䷨򣬷ˣʮƵƷ鱦
Ҫ̫н񱣬봩ˣҺ̫ķѾˣʱҲҪ
ɱ˵õĶ鱦̨ѾСꡣ
Ǵɱ˵Ľˣ˱ǿﵽ鱦ĲΣʮߵƣΪͻ
̫ԼƵġ컯ȡһʹ֮϶ΪһҪ˵
컯ȣ˸ݿӱƶ˺鱦̫ȥӡ
ƺ˵ѡ񣬿컯ԭ󣬰鱦鱦
һջ̫ʼ˼Լ鱦
̫лӡʱ֮ȣ
Ӻ;ҪǷӹһʱ֮ȶ̫ҪҲ̫ĵƣ黹֪ʱ̵ܣ̫ʹʱҲ΢ССʩչѣҲû
⣬̫кһ칦
˱̫칦Ѿ籦һ𣬹̹ᦺ˵һ
̫и鱦컯컯Ԫ컯Ƭ
컯̫ûǰ¶̫ļƷ鱦̫úܴ
컯Ԫ̫֮Ҳһֱ̫ɳУδ
컯ƬȡãҲеĵַͨҲ
ӡʱ֮ȡ컯ߡ컯Ԫ컯ƬǴ˿̫ʹõ鱦
νÿһǿޱȣÿһۺ죬ÿһһս
֮⡭
̫Ƶġ컯ӡѾʯˡ
컯컯¡ԼɱˮõģԴ顢ˮıѾޡá
컯ȡ̣¿ӵġ
컯壬˳Ͻ£̫ˡ
̫ʮƷľ
䣬̫ջʱժ䣬е̫ǰ䣬һѾ͸˪ݡ
ٰ̫һ͸εľˡ
һ˼
̫˿ڸ㶨ջ񣬳֮һЩ鱦Ҳˡ


79 ͨ
ֹ˽ʱ䣬̫ú󣬱չع֮ǰľ磬Լںü۵ʱĸ
αչغ̫ľѾﵽ˴޽ɺڶĲΡ
ΪǴ޽ڵΪûжٽ
Ϊ̫żסĴܵĲΪǾ硣
ʴˣ̫һһ򾳽Ϊ
ΪȫԱչһʱͻơ
ûо磬±չصж㾫
üĿռ̫֮İüľ磬Բһ׷󾳽̫˵Ҫ
ǳ֮ķ֮ң𵽵ֻǸöѡ
̫޵к̫Ҳʩչͨǳ֮ǳҲǳ⡣
󷨶ĵ̫˵̫ǽǳ򣬺֮ǰڻмʶǶ̫Ȼ˼Ƕ
ȲϺǶ󣬵ʤڷ㣬ֻҪ̫һͼʮ죬ʱóʮǶ
ʮλ̫ҽɲεĸѳ죬ͼĴ޽ɣԪɡ
ֻҪ̫㹻ʱ䣬̫ΪﵽԪɺܶ÷֮ʱȫݳǶ
Ƕʮ춼ɷɽ΢˺Ĵ󷨣ͨ졣
Ƕʮ춼ɷ˻ħ
ɽħ޲T΢˺
̫ĿǣΪˣҲҪһԽĴ󷨵Ĵ
֮ͨûɴñרǰɶûı䣬·ǻë
̫ǲŴƲģǺ˵ġ
ĴƱ仯ˣ˵ʲôƲɱ䣿̫ʣǲǲ֪ࡢΪߣ

ڻķ֮ң̫һջĶࡣ
һݷкһʮǧнչʮǧһ˲ʮȻлһ˲Բʮ
̫һ˲ʮĶݷһﵽʮĳ̶ȡ
֮ǰĶݷҪ˺ܶࡣ
֮ǰиʱնݷʱʱ̲ܴﵽġ
ңΪǽʱ̣Ҳ˲ʮĳ̶ȡ
ӡ˷̫֮޽ھһ˲ʮ
Ŀǰĵڶٶȣüֿռ䷨ã˵ٶȡ
ջ̫ܶ࣬ܺã©̫߳˴˵ء

ףһọ́ǵһҲϻ̫磬ڻˡ
̫֮ǰһʱ
ʱǴȡƻϣǴϷϻص
һ飬뿪ܾú󣬼еȥ
̫γֵòˣݼû䣬Ϊûﵽ߿ʵò
̫ʳеľϾ̫ͳΪˣһ׳ֳʱ̣ǻʲôĶڵĴ
ʴˣ̫³ֿտգںϷ֮ϡ
˳㣬֮ǰʱ¼Ļûɵ鱦ռһһ·Ҳڡ
˿̣һеʳĵ̣˳һԼ
ĺϷ˼⣬˳߶±һ嵱ᡰ
Ƿʼ˼ʶ̫ϯʳԴ󣬷ԼռԶûдҽ졣
԰зԸи֣۹㣬ٲǵģҪһ㣬ΪȺ
ڷ־ƻ֮ǰʳѹƣϷĺܡ
ڷˣȻҪĲС
⵼ˣĺϷ˷һ⣬ûҳ

İԵɵİɣĵҲúù̫ʶ˴˿̷Ĵҽ뵽
֪Լµģ֪ô롣

ϷϺһ޴
̲羰ݡơ
һ޴죬챻һڸǡ
ֻ⣬üȫ󷨡
з塢н洦ɼ塢Ϸ塢ϷȺ塢Ϸʳ֮ˣϷľʳ֮ˡ

˵һȷ֣λĪҪһԲɣȰλȥĺáһ̫ҽɳΪ֣ڳˡ
𣡡ֻһֵһ壬ĪҪƾԵϷһĲɣ
ǣû̫ɱʳֵõһš
ľʳҲϷһ壬ĪҪϷΪУ
ߣ̫Ҫĵ̣űǽҵõѣΪ޵𣿡
һ
ŭЦȻұ̫𣬵֮ͨ˭Ҳռʳ֮أ̫׼ģȥ̫˵ڴ˷ѿԵ̫ˡ
˵ֳ꣬ȤֵֻĪҪ˵ϻ̫ҵȻ𾴡˿̣ռڱȴǲܣսʤҵ˵
ǣռҲҪսʤҵ˵
ҵ塣

ּûסˣŽͲðˡ
˼һֵãȻ˵ϻȥ˵ڱԵĵ֮λֶˡ
һлˡϡ
ǿѵҲҪƽ֣Ƿֵı
λ˵֣ۿϵġŶӡҪķɢˣæѵ
˵꣬˲˵ʼȫƽ󷨡


80 ϷŪ
ȴ˵̫ʶεǿ󣬽ĸ·һ·̫ɽˮ˳ȡ˵ʶļ鱦
ʧһƷ鱦⣬ʣĶƷ鱦ĲΡ
Ǿ̫òǿһղضѡ
һؾзˡһˮ̫е㾪ϲ⡣
һˮҲ˾Ŵˮ֮һ
ҪϵϺʱ̫Ȼһ󹥻ˣݵԭһڹһ󷨡
һ·̫ջĲ࣬б׬ȻҪһ¡
Խƽ粨ĺ棬̫˺ĵĵϡ
Χڶ̫һ˶Ҳû˵ʲôֻвĿһ
̫仯ģϳ̫ûУο˵ΪߣҲ̫ҽɳڵΪ̫˿óߡ
󷨾ʱĹƿˡ
ڴڼ䣬̫͹۲һ飬ֻ󷨲Ƿǹ
̫Ԥƣ鱦Ʒ鱦ǵˣҲһƷ鱦ĲΡ

ֻƿһϮ
󵨣

ڴ˵ڶһŭȣ
ԭǵһԪŹȦһƷ鱦ֻʮƣոմﵽƷ鱦ĲΡ
ٿԪŹȦһ¹ζûУֻɲεΪǸղɶѡ
¹һ¹ɺס㣬ԼһսսĲľ֮顣
һۿȥĵϣнǧ飬һɫΪ£¹Ϊߣ֪
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¹ָһǸջβãΪµСѣԸԪŹȦ׸λǰֻλŹȡ
ڱ˷ִ˵صʱ򣬵ڵһ֪Σˡ
ʴˣ󷨱ƿ˲䣬¹ǿĹ㲫һѡ
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Լðһǵ֮ˡ
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¹Ļûᣬɼĺġ
ҷȰǹȦҡңұ֤Ϊȡֻľʳĳ϶¹
˵꣬ͷ˶ĿⲻƵĿ¹
ϣϾΪȣ˳ñ̽һ¶Ƿ˽ء
û˵ҵȷ֣ǵıﶼǵģҵһ¶Ԫ˵
屣ֻ֤ҪǹȦңұ֤Ϊȣ򣡶𣡡
û


һһѪ¹¹ѱ˵
żмŭҲҷԼðʧ˴˵飬ֻš
鲻ĺܶ࣬ûһ˿˼ɵĲࡣ
¹ǻŭƱǿòͷڵλǰҵû˽أҲҡѲԪһҵȱԴΣλǰҵȡұ֤ҵûһ˽ء

¹˵ֻ꣬Ц
ȱԴ𣬻ҵȺιأҵû㽲˵㡢ء롢⡢
ǣһССΪҲҺҵȽǲ֪
ѹȦ


˿̣̫оȤˣ̫ܲãǺĹضѡ
ͷģԼҲĪҪʲôˡ޷Ǳֱģ˳һ¶ѡ
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ֻ̫һ𣬶ʱɢ̫ҽڶΪ
жһŲ㱦

ʱ̫һ£Ƿ̫Ϊһ
ߴߴʲô˼Ҿһ鱦ǱҲûáûеȣ飬Ӷ𣿡
̫ɤӺоԡ̫𡱺Скܹ񫣬ľеĸо
ѺˣҪΪ𣿡峤ʵ
㣿̫¶׳յ񣬲м塢壬˲ʲô÷ѹˣҲҪʼǰ
ĪҪľ峤ҲҪ˵˲䱻ˡ
ʲô㣬ʲôľʳôû˵˾ʳˡ
㡭

峤ϣľʳڱһ䡣
˷㿴̫Ҳϻֻ컯Ԫ˲
䡱һ弸λΪ͵ģԼľʳλ弸λ꣬˲䱻컯ԪѹС



81 °
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컯Ԫֻһ£ûһ˿˺ǵˣ̫սڡ
죬Ĺ޹˲ŭˡ໥һۣȽ̫ⲻء

һʱ䣬ˢˢĹֶ̫
̫¶΢ЦڣֲεĹƲҪǲ뱩¶һ̫쵰ˡ
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̫ȻܡҲӲӲһЩġǾ̫ǣղſͷ裬ھȻҪϼ裿
ԭ£
䣡һ廨ŵĹû̫
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һСǲݡľס¹飬ԵϲƽʴĵҲʵĵ
Ҳ֪¹ҡҡ¹Դ
ۣӲӹ̫
㹥ȫԱ첻˺Ӳ˵Ĺ̫뵽
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̫ÿǺ˿ѸٵĴʣ뿪˴˵ء
뿪Զ󣬻еӵĸо
ʣµﷴӦļһˣ
ûɵӣɵӻáղһνǺ޶ȻֶΡ
̫һ˺ûУҪȥǾɵˡ
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һ˼һ飬Լղû̫ľٶղűֵĺֵܹ롢塢ľʳ
ˣ̫ҲΪ²ΪˣҲ뿪⿴ǳ̫̫λãλõеΣС
Ҳ뿪ˡ
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ֻʣ롢桢ľʳˡ
һǺϷ˿̵İһ鲼ĵ壬һ㶥⣬еſľʳ
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̫˵꣬ŭȴҷǵеվסĸо
һСµĿԼĳϣ峤ϵ˵ͷʾ׻ȡģǵѣĪҪ̫
峤һ仰û˵ֻ̫꣬Ѹٳǰһռת䣬˳̫һȭӳ峤ϣԶˣ
ɱǣ̫ǿ̹ŵϵķϡ
ϣ
ϣ㲻ܶǰ
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̫һʣķ峤Ϻľʳ˾ϡ
峤ΪѷǣȻʧˡ
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ĪҪ£𲻻˺ȣ컯ǣɣֻ̫컯ԪһڳģǷ塢롢ǵȫսڡ
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Ϻˣ̫뵽Ҫ°ӡһЩ̫硣
ˣղˡ
зˡ롢𽡢Сϵ飬ľʳʳˣнǧˣһֵ̫ˣؼң
̫жҲǧ飬̫̫ˣ̫һϴ٣ʹﵽ̫


82 ˣ
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ֲһղˣԭǴһаҺΣ
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˹ûãĸ߲ˣһ޼ʵĺʱ漴һ㣬ȴһѶϢûС
ķ̫ҽɺڸŭߣҪ塢塢塢ľ谭͵õ⵺鱦ˣȥȴժӡ
⻰Ͳˡ
ǲ壬˱ץߣһʧ˺ܶࡣ
λãôΪãǵ˲ûһ˿ҳδ棿˵
ֻҪҵȺ̽飬ǵ֮աľʳ
ֻʳ˼λϷԶǺϺˣǵӦȥϺ
˵꣬ĳˣλҪ֪Ϻ˵˭ȥ̫ϺҵҪǴѲ飬»̫ϲ
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У
ǵ˲˿⣬ڵС
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Ұ̫ɱʳˣԽԽˡ
ɲǣҲ֪ͣȻ׷ɱǸ
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Ҳô˵ǵʧںϺһ㡣Ȼ̫ûָ˵ϺģǿΪ𣬸ܣѾĬϺ̫ˣǵ˶Ϻ˭ȥѲ鲻ɣ
ǣô˵ǵ˾û³

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Ȼ˿һʱĹšʱ鱦һѵá䲻ǰ㣬鱦鱦Ķ
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֪ˣĩ˵飬еġ
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һ߸·̫һ߰컯Ԫڵ飬Ƶ˻ӡ
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һСֻнɳڵΪΪߵģͬһϣȻ֮ǰĳޣǿȡů

һһΪǵͺܶСͿʼЦˡ
Ȼ˭
ˣܰԣ֣һߴ彾
壿桢Ȼתˡ


83 ź
ף塢塢塢塢ĸֻͷʵ⼸Ҳ˵𣿡
ǰĸ𣿡Сʵ
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廹ǣ治ֻܰԵСǿ֪֮أ
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Ȼ֪е̹ᦡе̫ͼ̫еĻ硭˵˵ŻĬˡ
ôʧ屻̫һֱѹڻ֮ڣǡԣ̫𣡡
СѾͷǴСã⿪˭ܼģǺˣڻ֮ڡ˵
Ȼһݣе㼱ȵʣС㣬֪ôˣ
˵꣬һִһܺУϾ֮ˣ㲻Թ̫廹Ǻܹĵġ
⡭Уһʱ䲻֪ôش
ҡ֪СçСĵ
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С˵ǿƣѹȵıçͷ󺹡
ǰǰȸң̫Ļ𣿡çǴȺʱ˻ּۻۡ
ѽСӱˣ̫Ļӣ㵱ʱδ˵˵㣡ܰԶݺݵҪЮ
ǡçչˣ̫ѹǰ˺ûΪǰȺˣҲûΪǰ֮ˣͺ뿪ˡǰ̫ʳһʳҲɱ
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Ļ¡ç¹ˣҲĬˡ
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ʲôޣܰԺǳֶ˵ϴҾ˵εġ㿴Էˣ廹кܶء
˵ͷңңȻǵ𣬲ûΪҵˡܺϣ°Ӻ֮ˣҶԵ𲻾ҿɱˡҪҲϱûУȴôĻ
ܰԵǻ쵰ͿˣĴǻҪ峤峤˵ܰԳĬˣǵ峤̫ˡ
ˣˣ˵ˡûʳ涼ˣܲѾǽ֮ˣȻĪҪ˵ˣҵǵ£𣿡
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ִĬһ󣬶˲뿪ˣһ˿Ҳˡ
Ǿ̫ѾʴˣС˵ģʳûˣ涼ˣԹʲôԹͲںˡ

С㣬ʳ󣬵ǲռʳ̣ôûȥ̣սСǱУʮֿߡ
ǰûռʳ˵һ͡
ô˵ռ̣ǲǰϹöԴܰƺΪ̫еֵ
Ϲ˵ľڵʲô߶Ȳһ᲻˵ġ
ҲΪ˸еϧά̫ġ
˺ˣСץˣ޿ĸʲôҲǵˣ˭Ҳȳһ˵
Ķ˵˰š
ҵȲң
֮
վʶʱΪܣ
عķ塢롢Сˡ
ֻǸо棬ǳ뷢һ󷨡ٺ˺ܶᣬͳ˻ڵĽ
֮棬ʵԴĦ

һۻڵһĻ̫档
˭֪һգۼ䣬ѾԼ㶨һУ̫еССľϲ
ٵСһΪںʱúý̵һɾ;򵥡
ǻĹʱԼŴ޽ɶѡ
ԶǺ̫Ҳ繷ߵʱ
˵˷ʱڣȻдڸУ뻹Ƿ壬˷ëǵĴڡ
壬ʣ¼ͷƺһƶĹ
ˣԼЩں˵漣
̫ղأǱ鱦Ƶرϡȱ̫ղһ¡
廹ʣ¼̫еܣĴ壬ԼȻڣǾ͸µְɡ
ͷ׵ĺĲԼҪĺģֻʣνʲôã
ǰһźһź


84 Ľ
ɽ滨춷̡
ͤ⣬һ̨̣ǰõ塣
ղݣףɰϪˮ
ʱң羰ݣݽһѪô˵ĳΪĺɵ
ݵѣȥанˣǶͶ𣬵
˵ڤˣ֮ǰˮ£ˮ汻ɱ̫ڤ˺͸˽˪ݡ
Щڤº棬ѾԼ̫ˣΪ̫е覴ã˱ȪݶҪġ
֮ǰһʱ䣬̫Ϣ˶ûжҡ
ڪϸ۲֣ĵİݷ̫ˡ
ûƿǵЩһңԼļҡ
֮ǰһʱ䣬ңѹУǪݣ̫ǵС֮ˣ̫˽ʼն̫ġ
ǰˣǵСǵûڳ֡
ڳֵĵһһʳ
˺͸˽ˣ֪̫ܶϺ飬׷׸е˴˵أ̫¡
ȥˣңѾۼ˽飬Ϊие͡
λ̫ҽΪĴܣߵĶ̫ҺڵΪˡ
ݣЩ̫Ҳڲǰﵽ̫ҽɵľ硣Ϊޣ̫ƫбƻʣµĹʵ̫͸˪š
ǽƻ֮ݶʱͻ˽ɵľ硣
ڸڤˣһҲﵽ˽ɺڵΪǽԲ
ݻһδ󺺣˵Ⱦ͵ȰɣΪµģڣ԰սڣͺϲС顣мΪ̫ߣֶһõ£ԲҷǽҪΪǿʲô˼Ǿ˵ˣҵػңҵȶܹĿء
ţüǣһ˿ܷǹء
˵꣬˶ƣõ˵ȥɡǲῪػ
ͨЩ˻翪ˡ
֮йȻѲ⣬ǰʱһС֮˵ôʵ֤ǲһ
ǰĺ飬ѵΪĵһ֣Ҳɰ
ͨȥˣ½ʳûѶʵҪЦȥɡ

˷ܵˣʳһ
ǵȷи˵ǰᡣ
ǰʱ䣬̫ʧǶʱ䣬ңڷƮҡУֵʵ̽ǲע̵ǣ˭ң
ǰʱ䲻ֹһж̫뷨ҺסˣסҲˡ


ңˣ
̫ĸ·ڻص˵
һȥһ٣е˷ǵĸо֮ǰ̫ҽ֮ΪȴǴ޽֮
֮ǰԼΣ棬Яѹ֮
ףô飬Ͷġ
̫ۼ˽飬ΪߵͲͬ͵Ϊߵ̫ΪɵûУ͵ΪҲҳ
ϧֻϡ飬ҵļߣߣ̫ҡҡͷ
˭գۡʴˣ̫óһ󷨡
ֻһ֣ʱ飬ûӦͷԼ˱һˡ
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һﻹûüֻһͻ͵
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̫˵꣬ˡ
еľų˾ϲֲͨ˲ѽսڣԭ̫𰡣
Ƚּ⣡
˵꣬һʼԴ
̫˵ˣΪ߶ûãֻʵġ
Ҳ˵̫ҽ̫ҽɲε谭ɲεĿ飡
̫Ԥƣһλ󷨾Ͳˡ
ĺĲβ룬Ϊָ㣬ľͨɢ޿ɱȵġ
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˵ģ̫ú飬ÿʱÿ̶ڷ
ǻΣ
˿̵Ļ飬ʲôӶУֱ廨ţϹۡ
⻹Ļ֮˵ˡ֪
ǳ̫а취ǣ¸ǳûʯĵģͲˡϾ޻ߣվа취Ǵ˿޻Ͷֱ̫Ӹߡ
㶼˻
Ȼ̫ȷϸĺʱм֤޵ȥնʬˣ֤޷Ŀˡ
ԣõʱδûƺ⡣ʴ˿޷֤Ԫºȴ޵Ŀܡ



85 ع飡
ν֮㡣
տʼֵȷ˽ĺܣΪ鲹㡣
ƻͷվϲˡ
ںΪ˺µĵվǾˮ£ʱȷԿٽֲȴδĳɾ͡
֮ѾǴ˵Ĵ˿̻Ĺʱܱڸǣºʱֻ֤֮
һ֤ʬ֤֤
֤ʵԷ֤̹֮Ŵǰ֤
֤ǻħĻвеͨķкֱ֤
ʴ˺˵˳ԹǾ̹ţ̹ʧˣ
̫ھʣǽʧ
̹Ŵûʧܡ
޷ǳΪ˵ĺڻǷǰˡ
ԣٺѾûֺ֤֮ȫڸˡ
ҲΪˣʱĺĴܵ˴޽֮󣬾û˽һİ취
ŵºʱħ֮
֮ǰ̫֮ǰϤҲû˭͹ΪͺĲࡣ
ڤڤеİţ֮飬Ŷǰ⡣
ԭǰ˾ʷ׳ʵһοհڣ˿̵ĻʳͽĻʳ޶Ծ
һκܳʱΣٽˣʵĺˡǣĴһʼͺܾʡ
ʬ֤һȡɵİ취ȡɵİ취˺ܶࡣ
û˵ʬ֮֮ҪԴͬû˵ʬôһû˵
̫źƷŷŭ
ʴˣƺ鶥ֶˣδǱȴˡ
ڹ֤ʵҵİ취㲻ƻ£Ҿ͸㲹
ĺҲкףǹ´ףûкܹ³ʥ
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ԱڵкظصģʱӵȴѾûӵıҪˡ
˵鲻صˣֻ˵ûд˿ӡ
мλصĵģһͽϸصĵӣһĽ˲ö˵ʥΪߵġ
ӽͿóֲȴ
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ȷҪνҪǻҪǱ˳ˣҲûá
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֮ǰ̫оòƶе飬̫ûǸģΪ˵ġ
ᣬΪ޵Ը飬̫ҪЩһãиŮֻܡ
ģҪ̫Ϊ˲ҪŮ˶ҪǾΥģֻ𵽷á
̫֮һ츣иŮ˺ܺãضȥҸŮˣҲΥġ
ú˵ǣᣬ֪Ů˺ãоһ˸ڣ͌˿
̫ǿЩΪ޵ġø飬һ컹ñģһΪ̬޵ã
ľͺãϲϲͲ޵Ϊ棬ʵԼѣ
ʴˣ̫ȴڶصģοˡ̫Ϊң鲼ԭ

ϣʵ֮ļᶨ̫һڴ󷨵󲻹ˡ
ֻȵڰٺټ󷨵ģɢȥľͳɡ
ңһĻѱڪݵ֪
̫߽ʱ򣬪Ѵڵȴˡ
ңܴн鲻࣬Щ£ġ
ֻǣ˿̵ĪݸоԼŬûˣ˿Ŷأ֮ǰҪԼĴѹΡ
Ȱݼ𣬹ӭԸ֤ͨ
ѹѹһƬˣеһμ̫ģмεġ
˿̣Яһʳ̫֮Ȼң鼤Ĳѡ
ɣ̫һ֣Ц
ÿλ̫ᷢңı仯ĺá
˺ܲͷĪݡڤˣ̫΢Ц
˲ֻҡͷʾҡ
ֻ̫һ֣ڤ˺͸ԪеĽɢˡ
̫֮ǰ˵İ취ڲҪˣ˵õ̫ˡ
˼زɢȥƼǱ̫ɶ
˰һ£ȥ̫硣̫ЩҪţʴкһ
ǣ𡣡Ӧ
ڤ͸ˣ̫ˣݿ꣬лˡ
˰һ̫ǰ
̫˵Ϊ̫ҽΪҲȱ𽻴һ󣬶ҲȥһɣԶΪ͵кô
ǣ𣡡˵
̫ˣȻûΣˣҲһˣĥġ
ֻ̫һ֣̫ͨͭŴˡ



86 ͱ
үˣүˣ
̫磬һ˲ǵˣš
ȻͭŵĿС˲˺һᣬ̫ʱС˲޾ϲˣ˺ɤӿʼ
СûһҲûһ˿뷨أǵ̼ӡ
̫ЩСһͿģָ˶ƴС˲ޡ
˲޹ڵֶ̫ޱʴı̫һָͷǱ۾
ȹӭүʦɽ
ſʱʯѾӦˣֻ̫λûֱӻ̫פ㣬С˲ˡ
ɡ̫һֵ
ֻͷļλ̫ͽܣʯˡˡľãֻ̫ѹż
ӡӣλѾ޵滨ˡ
ʵ̫̫ˣһʮ갡㲻֪ˡ
̫ۿһ̫飬Ƽڴ˽ǧˣӦ̫絮ļˡ
ȴǰǧ֮
̫ϲǣÿһΪĶǽΪ
ɲɵĿʼǧ񣬶ɵĸ
ļͽܣʯͿľѾ̫ҽɵĲΣܸһ磬Ϊɹˡ
Ҳ̫ɾ̫ĵطд˸Դ
Ϊܶࡣ̫˵Ϊĵͷ
СѾͷ޵滨ˡѴʮС򣬱ʮѻĨᣬ̫οġ
һ˵ӺЦˣȴƵ졣
ˣһȥɣΪȽ̫֣ɢȥ̫飬ֻͽܣԼˡ
ڤ͸һν̫磬̫ܺ档
Ũ̫ĵر
ֱ߸ǵ˼ά
صȥ
漴ϡ
̫ɨȥ仯ǲ޷Ǿɫ˶ѡ
ʯ顢ľ˺̫ܲҽΪܿɹˡԲѽԲ޽ɺڣ㵹һֱס
ȫʦ࣡˵ѲҲλʦʦ˵
˴ȴǳ˺ܶ⣬һһֱǿѹ̫ǵıʴˣܳʱ䲻Ҳø𲻽Ϊǵô
̫ľýζ̫˵õ˲ٺôѶʱϲüҡ
ʦ˵Ϊﵽʱʹ鱦ġѿͰ͵۾̫
ã޿ʼͷʹˣôôƤ
ȷ˵׼̫ЦñջҲȵɡ
ֻ̫һ֣ʮˣ˿󣬼Ŀ
Ǹڤһֱң
Ǳʯ˸֪鱦ĺôʯѵˣ̫ƽûˣ鱦Ҳò
ʯ
ֻ̫ʯڵ֮ףԴ̫пǡ
ʦļʯ˿Ҳе㼤ĸо
̫һ֣ʯƵƷ鱦컯ӡС
˱㱾ƣƷ鱦Ϊϣʹɣúüӡѹռ֮ʹá
ʯǣӽʦ֮
ţ̫գֻһͼе˱ɱͼƷ鱦С֮ܡ컯ӡɼͼҲ͸ɡ
ʯû뵽Լغܶž޲١
лʦͱʯ˵̫ſӣʶȤˣѾˡҪ㿴ڤۺ
飡
ʦ
̫鱦鱦һǱɱ˵õĶ鱦̣һǸ㱾屾ƵĺƷ鱦컯ȣ鱦ǿһ㱾ƶ֮һ˽˰鱦Ҳ̣һԴúü鱦ɹ󣬱ƴ˶鱦϶Ϊһ
󣬼ʯСû뵽Լж鱦лʦͱ
˵ˡ
ľ
ʦ
̫гһʮƷ㲻Σ̨оԪ񣬾Դа֮ɡ
лʦͱ
ڲεľ˵鱦ûą̃ʺ̨Ҳ̫鱦
̫ĶʮƷ鱦̨⣬ڰʱеİɳΪʮƷ
ʮƷİھʱʮ䶼ܳɳΪʮƷ˿Ѿͳ䣬̫гɵԼûɵʮ䡣
񣡡
ʦ
ӵ̫鱦Ͻ£˱ɱյƷ鱦ɣ⣬컯˸㱾ƶ˺Ʒ鱦úüɡ
һлʦͱ
š̫ͷ°ɡ
ֿλŮӵǰ


87 壡
̫˵꣬ѾȵúＱѣѸŽǰ
̫Цˡ
һԵļλ¶Ц⡣
ʦ͸ʲôʵ
̫һЦ鱦˵˱Ƶġ컯¡ΪƷ鱦㣬⡭
ֵ̫˱ɱˮõƷ鱦ˮҲһ㡣
лʦͱ޽ӹ鱦ټ
̫ϻ鱦һ֪Լˡ
ԻúöʮԴ˴ɱˮã˶鱦˱һ壬ɲУѵõı
˵ֵ컯˱̫ƣа̫𹥻ʹã˱ҲƷ鱦
лʦͱѸ˵Ľӹ鱦õǹĺӡ
ͽܶ豦ˡ
ڤˣ̫˼һҲգҲգ
ǰ
ݼ̫𣡡
̫ǰ²ᣬĹͱȴǼǵãѵûͷǰ˱Ʒ鱦ޣ˹鱦ܲСӣʹɡ
̫Լõľ޴˸ˡ
лͱ±ضĲԣƷ鱦û뵽̫ʹˡ
£ڤ̫øȥ󣬻ڤˡ
ڤݼ̫𡣡
̫ͷ븲ĹӦʹͣڤζȣ˱λƷ鱦һ壬˱ɱãúʹá
ڤ°лͱ
ݣ
̫֮ǰʮƷ̨ıﶼ͸ˣ̫ϴʳԼһ·ãʮ鱦
õҲƷ鱦ĲΡ
𣡡û뵽Լġ
ңĺܺãο֮ǰʮƷαԪƷ鱦Ʒ鱦һƷ鱦˱ãɡ
лͱ
ݽӹԪ̫ϲˣţϲ
̫˶ãеҲһ¡
ԣļҵףֻʣԼʹõļ鱦ˣҲͶ鱦˱¼ûдˡ
֮⻹ʣĶʮƷѡ
ʮҲƷ鱦鱦̫û⡣
ʯ顢ޡѶˣõ˱Ƶĺ鱦кǵ鱦鱦컯ӡ̣вϽ׵ҪúüǼõ鱦ܳΪȳɵ
̫˲ԼƵ鱦ôòһΡ
ȻĿԼ컯
ʦ֮
̫˵󣬲һúü˱
ţ̫˵ͷֵٻǰһҪԸ
ֻ̫һӣڵƽ̨ϡ
֮ǰģȡ飬ΪиеͣԻûõ顣ʮλΪߡ
˵ֻ̫꣬ԪݵݣʮλΪߣҴң۲һʱ䡣
ǣ𣡡ݱʾס
ֻ̫һ֣һת
˵һμӵغͺƴԡ

ֻƾնʮλ֣лΪ˵ģб屾ġ
𣬳ˣǳˣ
ֻȻƳܰһХ
졣ֻϴŭ
쿴̫ݼ̫𡣡
ݼ̫𡣡Ӧô¡
һԴһġ⡱
ѽó󣡡ѵһμ壬һͷͷģ̲סֹһ䡣
仰̫һЦȴɵˣôˣа
Ҳұʾʲô̫ߵģһٸҲҶ˵
֮ǰΪ𲻼ƽˣڻڵ̸Ҳ֪ˡʴˣһᣬȥ汾ػңһ٣˺ȥ⣬ף
һеΣԭԼ̸飬֪Һû˵𻵻
Ƚּ⡣ش
ܰȴ𣬲һپǾ˸ŵ졣
ǵĵˡ
˭𻰣Ǿ͸ɵ˭
û
һ˵
Ȼ̫еͷʹôһһ׶Բԣ
ȫұ죬˵ɶɶϹʲô
֪Լ˶Ե˵пޣǵ£һɺãԼôͲأ
ˣˣúñ֣˵̫˻֡
һӲţ
һĻڤ˺͸һɵۣ˵û˰



88 ̫磿
ֻ̫һ֣ŲƳǧ
Ƿ塢롢𽡢ľʳʳȼС
һ󣬿ûǰ⡣
֮ǰ屻ȻŲƳȥʱ֪ˣӦ̫ڰǡ
ʴˣˢˢĵȰݼ̫𡣡
̫˳۶ˣ벻磬
̫΢Ц֮ǰ˵д컯һ
˵̫۵˱̫磬˴ͣ߷ۡǲҪЩֻҪ֪˴Զȶ塢ʳҪõĶͿɣӽԺҲ̫ԱʱҲΪȽ̫ɱ¾вɵ֮ìܣ뱾˵Ҳȫȣǣ޹
̫һͣˡ
Ǳ̫°ӵĵ̣Ҳ̫硣
ڴ裬߷ǲ
˵˵ܽǣﲻɱǣ޹ìܲɵΪ˵֮ʣ˽Խ
ȿԸ⣿
̫˵꣬˹Ȼ˵̲ã°ģòƺǰ;
ŵĵһˣܱԼĲͻʳҪõöࡣ
ˣ˵Ӧ֮ǰСϵˣ¹Ϊ˷ܡ
鱾Ͳϲɱϲƽ
̫磬е㵽õĸо
ʴ¹Ƚ֮л֮ǰľ֮
뵽֮ǰǡˡȻ̫¹е㲻ŵĸо̫߸
ƣ̫ͷ
ʣµķˣȴе¡زȥˣ̫
Ƚ֮顢ç˴ͷ˵
̫֪ǵĹǣȲǱڴˣΪﵽҪҲνǿĽǺýжѡء
˵̫еӣ̫𣬾ȻҪ°ݲϡ
û뵽ôͶñڻңⴳ󷨵顣
̫ƵҲаɵµʱ⵹ûǺãע㣡ȱ飬ǾѸģ˵ϡˡ
Ȼ°Щʱ̫ǵǲźȫһЩʧѣҲʲô¡
ȥһ̫ɣ˴
̫ȥԸܺǾ֪˵صĺôˡ
ǣ𡣡һеãĸо
ʹˣҪȥġ
ʦǿɺãϲ˽֮ǰ̫ô飬ʶ
úܳ¹㰡ɺװľ֮鰡塢ȣúܺÿ
ʴˣԸ´ѡŵ㡣
Уȥɡ̫ѡ
˵һ֣Ҹ̫ɺˣҴȥ档
˵ꡭ̫еͷ
ݣȥңҲ̫ϲ鷳鷳ˡ
ǣ𡣡
ֵ̫⣬ⴴˣɰǷŽңʱ˵
ǣ
ȥɡ
ݴңȥ
徻ࡣ
߳ͭţĪ̫磬ӲʹҲ֪̫綨ǲ
Ѵһ飬ƺƵȥѰŵˡ

̫ǧ֣ΡΡݷź⣻ʯ֣ͻͻ
ǰ㣬÷㡣ɭɭ֥嵭ӥǧݣŶϽޡ
ˮ飬ƹˣͲϣصܻء
̵ּĻߵɣǧطv׵ң
ɽ渣ء
лɽͷȥϷ塣
һʱ䣬鱻ɵ޴ڵŨˡ
ǾһΪе㾫ĸо
ӣѺܽ˵ƯɣǺúŬҪʦסǲŽкأʦĻ԰кܶ༫ƷĹӣˮȵȣɶˡ
˵꣬оԼ̫洦Ķ۵ľʯʵĶǳ֮۵ǳ֮
һһݡһһʯ綼Ƶر
˵ǸղֻǼˣûϸ۲졣
ôһ˵ˣʲôƷĹӣ
ûɣƷǲǳﴫ˵еĴڣ
ˣһ̬ˣٸе°գǾһҪץסĻУһ
ѽ㣬ǵĵ𣿡ҲǸСѸе׽
㣿ҽ㣿ѺȻˣ
԰ѣҽѽ԰²ԡ
ʵ²֪ǣһֱСģнˣǾϲˣ


89 ±ϣ
ûԺͽҽ㣬ҲҪѶ£Լ˵

ѽ㡣˶غ
ϾѻҪԼ˰ŵĵطأҲϢ
ѽ㣬ҲǱ̫ץ𣿡ʵ
һ㶣ҡͷûҾͳ̫磬ʦǣ˺ξ͵ˡ
ȷһ£̫ץˣñץˡ
ѽ㣬㱻̫ͽ̫𣿡ʵ
ÿһ⣬鶼ϸ
ҡͷʦɺˣ㿴ʦ͸ҵ鱦ʦ˵ǴɱһˮĻõġ
ôڣȻҪóһ¡
˵ڵ͵ĵûһ˿Ϊ˴Ŀհףʴɶ˵ɶûһ˿أ
µһ飬ͨһ̸ѵΪˡ
ó֮ǰˮıһ£ƺ˵һĴҲ̫ɱġ
̫ôɱأ¡
ƺʦѺܵҲƺÿᵽʦܵá͸𾴡
㲻֪ɣ𡭡¼򵥵İ̫Ϊ˵һ顣
˵ˣȴ˵ʦǱʱ˵ɱ˵õģԭʦôԺҪȥģҵҲɱˣǵı
⻰˵꣬˸оԼǲߴطˣôʦͽܶôס
çҡҡͷɢȥ뷨˵ǵȻ̫ǺĹϵĵһ֡
çһĳݡ
ҪǵǣҲѱˡã󲻱صı˴ɱˣеڣ˭Ұ¹Ҳ˵
¹ĻеΣ̫ɱ󣬰ʳΧǷ塣
ˡ
ֻȻһ
漴ŵǵһĴѰǣҪǲ֪ǱҪǵ˵ô죿
ǰͷɽҲ
⣬Ц汿ʦ˵˭֪ǳȥʱ򣬾˵Ǳʦ˾ˡ汿
Ѹоϵơ
һ㶵ֻ
Ƿû鷳¹Ǿͦá
º󣬻ѣѽ㣬㰲ǣ֪ã
ǰǰ
Ѿץס飬ʺ󣬶˫۷Ź⡣
𡭡ѵȻԽԽá
ԣ

ţ
һȥԽǿΪŨ
˺󡭡
Ѵһ˽ʱ䣬Ű̫һС֣Ǹҵ֮ء
̫ӵϲˣܴ棬ο̫𽲵ǾӴԺҲ̫ˡ

ͬʱңĪݣˣʼ
ͬ˲ʱ󣬴˴̫ˣ㰲ٺˡ
̫ͲЩˡ
Ѵһˣݴʣµλӣʼ̫̫ڵڼ䷢顣
ʦǰʱժȡ⡣ӰѽϽѡƻȣĹӽ̫
˳㻹кܶྻĹʵԼһЩĵر
ţá򵥸ʳ˻Ч⣬ɲݱƳ鵤̫˵
ʦ֣Ȼףû뵽һֱĬԵʯȻ˵仰
ǱȻڣе֮ͨ컯̫˵ˮƽ
󽲵˳ȽһµԶȾΪкô˺ΪҲ㹻ˣȥһ
ǣʦ˷ܣȥˡ
ֻΪʦ֪ɷҲҵһ
ϸƢãʴˣһֱ̫ĴС¡֪̫飬Ҳȥ뷨
ɣ˺Ϊﵽߣг̫硣ʱҪСģܱбұ֤ûκ⣬ɶ˵⣬ȥΣ޷֤ˡ
̫λʹ̫ȥһ
Լı£鲻֮кôҲл
ôǣȾĵȹ̣
ǣûĲȡ
仰ƺìܣʵˡ
֮ȫԵ
ҵȽʦԣ֪̫˵ÿ仰⡣
°ɣȥ֮鱦𽲵˺ȿ
齻ɺ̫ˡ
ߺ̫һӣֻǰһƬʱյӰǴ͸ʱһҪŵ飬⾵Ӵʱϡ
ͨ۾ͨ
̫ͨпѳΪ㡱һĻ
СѾͷҵСˡ
˺̫ɢȥ˾תȥʵľ


90 ޲TVS棡
ÿߣ̫Ŀ
ϱߣ̫гӣ֮ǰ̫ȡļ˳
̫̫ҵݡ黨ȥһģְ̫ȡķɣȥ
̫һЩˮѷɣܱߵҲ΢һ£Щ
ֻطɣʮɸߣˮɣѸٵĻ˹
ܿȥ̫յĸС̫ܸˣΪɻˡ
˵ļƻȫС
֮ǰ̫ƻռŴƷŲֻҪȡһ֦Ѿɻͺá
ڣɣֶԻҪ̵Ķܳɻûɱܳɻ
˺ְ̫̫ѰҵƷͩҲȥʼʩ󣬽ͩһþ
̫ȻĪĸһݷ֣
Ȿ̫ǵĽ̫ͩϣɳıԴ̫Ũ½ͩһֱûеǣܻΡ
͸ղţ̫ȥʱ򣬺ȻݵͩȻܵǣһʱܻζ
̫е˼ڵĲΣһЩ˼飬ΪĶġ
ͩΣһ˼顣
̫ʼգֻǣǾǵۿͶ̫һ
̫룬Ѿһ̫飬䲻֪ǵۿ̫һ̫ӦǶ̫һ
̫һĴ˵ܶ࣬˵ޱȸ߹Ψһ˵嶯ȴֵܸ顣
һƺ⣿
ȻҲϣѺ󣬰һϵʱ˵Ūһ̫һ
̫֮ҲԤⲻĺܶѾıˡ
Ĳ˵֮ǰ̫ɱǡ
水ձĹ켣ͦ˻ʳԡͦ١֮ͦ٣ڵħ֮б빲޲T˺޲TɽС
һ𣿾Ϊ̫Ĵڣڰ군ˡ
ҲһǰУֻһ˿л꣬Һ̫¹ϣ֮¹ǡ
ָ̫ϵ˺ͺͳŮ
˵壬˶ˣԭ켣У˿̵ĺѾʼʷˡʼΪִɫѰҵأǳϺõ˫ޡ¯
ֱĲ˳˺̨ʣһЩ΢ĴСۿ̫һշ˺ǱŮʥշ
̫̫飬Ϊ̫Ĵڶı˹켣
ʴˣ̫ʲôƲ棡
Ĵھġ桱˵棬̫ʾ
žࡣ
̫һʱסˣԼӵྭ
ϸƺԼûв࣬Ψ֮ǰɱ棬ʳΪ⡣
֮ǰľԼ򣬾Ǳ̫ǣû¡
뵽֮ǰԾĳ棬̫һμ֪ܡ
Ǻˣһ˵ӣֻ
裬̳˻ħĽ
޲Tѱȵȣ
԰˵ɼ߱ɱ񣿡ʾ߱ɱħлת
޲TƺҲ߱ɱ򴫳У˲һľ𣿡
̫Լ˶ߡ
ͬһħ񴫳ж˵УȷǱ޲Tġ
޲TԶǴ˿̵޲Tɱȵġ
ֻиɵ棬޲Tž߱˺ͺͳıǮ
޲TΪԶԶﲻĵ̡
Ҿݴ޲Tһǹ߱ǹ̫֮ǰƵһƷ鱦
ϲǣҲһǹɻǹҲ˼Ʒ鱦
ûɻǹĴ˵ֻ߱ǹ
Ǿˣ
˵޲Tɵ˱Դϵǹںˣʴ˲߱ǹ
߱ǹ߱ɱħԴǻɻǹҪǿ̵ɻǹ϶Ϊһǲܡ
⣬޲Tûĵһɱɽ
󷨲޲T˵ʹģΨһĿܾǸɵ߱ɱħ֮бԴһ޲T˴˵󷨵͡
´˿̫֮ͨҲ˵ʹɽ󷨣
̫һƺˣĴ徭ӦþԼ
޲TдУȫΪħл꣬Ȼлħ񴫳Уֻһ㣬ϾڵŻħĻħ񡣡
ֵ̫ԣɵ޲T̳һУлħһУ뱻ѡΪ˵ĺ˶Ծʵ
˵˺ɽ󣬾޲TޱԴԼѪ
ɱ޵޲TȻѺأʴ޲TͺΪѡˣ˵ܸɵʱ޲T̳ȻħһУᱻأõ컯Ƭô˵˺һʱ䣬޲TӮҰ
뵽ˣ̫Իûѵʾӣֲú޲TǴ󷨣֮ǰɵ⣬޲Tͣԭָ


91 һˮ
ܶǾã̫к䣬ϴʱĶ߾ݳܶࡣ
˵ҪĵڰٲǺսĿʼлʳԣ֮٣кһٵǡ
ҪҪŪ棿̫෽һ¡
Ĵ׬ˡ
һˣ˵źҲΨһ֮ǷֳԪ۷ɱԴ˺Գܣ
˵̫Ϊۣ
ƫƫ˵һУȥδҲ
˵ΨһҲ
̫Ϊ̫ˣֻܱ֤ΨһΪ
ǵ磬ܲ𺦱Դķ
֮İ취նʬ
ÿһʬơң߹ȥδڡ
̫նʬûơңȥδڵģΨһ
Ҫնʬֻն֮ʬ̫ն֮֮ʬռ䷨֮ʬ
һУҲһУȻҲֳܷ֮ʬ
ֻҪ˻Ԫɣʼ̫֮ն֮ʬ
նʬӦĵػ컨
ң̫ҪʬһʬһΪ˵㹲ƿ硣
̫ҪҪЩΪ
ʴˣնķ֮ʬȫԵɳжħĸ
ϾǷۣɾһ㡣
˷Уڻֻܷܵ˻Ԫ˵ңնʬ֮ԼҲᰡָУȴûǹлҪӺѧųɡ̫뵽
Ǻָ̫ǰʲô̫ˣˣ
óꡢƶԤԡ컯ȵֶΣնʬҡơȣ˵ܼ򵥡
ǣܰѷ޿󣬾ûġ
̹ΨһǧħΨһΪΪҲ
ֶֻΣҪֱָĪҪӰˣΨһΨһ
̫ŪΪĥĶѣǴΪ˺档

̫һ˼˺ܶ࣬˺ܶƻֻʱ仹ûֻܼƻһ¡
Լĳԣ̫Ѹæ
˿еƷƷԭƷƷɳ
ƷģҲҪʮƷˣȵڰپܳ죬ʱ̫ջʱ̡
֮ǰ̾ûйºĶʮƷûˡ̫׬㹦´ӵġ
⵹ãһȥȥ̫ǣôֿ꣬ӱ޵Ľʳ˺ֻص˵׬㹦µĻᶼûС
˵̫ȥɵ֮ǰûҵҲͷˣĶ̫ûȥ
¶డɵĶɽԼɽȥѪûȥ˵мƻȥĺ֮ķ֮ȥ˺ǿնûϸ̽飬ֻȥ̫Ƕѡ
ôһܽᣬ̫öûɡ
֮ǰ̫󣬻ƻȥȥ֮أҲûȥɡ
ɣһ£˺̫󣬿ңм鴳󷨡ţôˡ̫˼
̫ȡһЩ;ˮſЩռݣʵ

֮һƽƿأҲĥġ
̫е򴫳У컯Ⱥĵһۺ
̫ûż
ȡһЩ裬֮ǰһؾеõһˮ
һˮи򾳽硢Դá
ȵ·׹ССһˮȣһˮǿֲꡢԪġ
ûԪҪҪˣ±Դʧֻܶ࣬Ҫ㹻һˮֲûá
ˣ̫˵һһˮ;ˮ
ʱüŪˮҲԡֹ̫
ǺĴȺˣһСüı֦ƿܲˮ
̫üӦø࣬üŪ㡣
ˮô̫뿴ûһˮ;ˮ
뵽ˣ̫Ȼһ٣ЦƿǺڷֱϱԪʼõģ˺Ԫʼ˴Ⱥˣȫ԰ƿ𣿡
뵽ƿˮӦǺҪɽ򱦾ۼɽطȫѰҵô˵ҲһƷ鱦
̫еȣھܳȥѰҺסˡ


92 
ζһˮЧ
̫붨УѾǧʱ⡣
Ǵ޽ɺڵľ硣ƺ㣬ܴԲ
̫еʧΪԼ޽ԲֻһˣΪ
ûдﵽԤƣȻǴ޽ɺڵľ硣
̫Ϊ˴޵ػΪ޽ڵΪ
̫ȫԱչأѷ޽ɺڵΪ̫һֱû
ԴӻζÿζǾΪ߳һСΣСΡΪ˵ĺ͸ȹ̡
粻ΪһСΣ̫Ϊ;ͬһΡ
Ϊֻ֣ԶΪľ磬Ϊʱûһ˿Ͳڸޱȹ̵ˮɣǿΪ׳ִ
ûͳʱǵľ
ĺ飬иأиġ
ʥ˳ϵͳȷķʴˣٶԶĿһ㣬ԴȲϴ˿̡
̫ħڿ·ߣÿһиʴΪ
̫ûбȱȶ٣ü̫Ϊ
Ҳˣ̫Ծ粻һ˿ԸҲҪøԽԲĶԽ
ûдﵽԤڵľ磬̫һʧ󣬺ָܿ顣
βо´ΣڰǰܴﵽСֻҪڰ޵ҲͲʱ̺ʱˡ̫뵽
ھֻҪڴ֮ǰС
ǲ֪ǵھٳڳ֣ǵھĩڳ̫֡ҲԤ㲻
޵󣬾Ͳ½һҪҪ޾ͱҪﵽ
ñǰΪħһ
ֺ󣬴˺ǻ߻飬Ͷںˡ
塢סŮ洡ڤӵȵȣǵڰٻߵھδʱǵģħĩβƺΪ

һֵ̫˲ʱ䣬Ϊã˳ĥľ硣
֮һΪޣʮԲʴоתΪʮתΪ𣬴֮µ⡣
ĵ棬ʮתĵҩ£̫ʥ˵ӣƾת𵤡
ʲô̶ȣ֪ˣŵҩȥʥ˴Ӵ˱䡰ܡ
ӦǱãԼ塣
̫ĳ֣ѻûŵĻӵõˣõеĵҲ֪ûİûдҡ
̫û㽻úö
̫֮ǰ˵İţҲû취̫ʴ޾塣
ϸһ̫֮˴⡣
ҪҪĻк¯С
ˣ
̫õ¯֮ǰһ컯컯򣬺컯ʴֻ̫ҪѿطС
ΨһҪľһЩ֮ݡֽںϣʣµľ컯Ĺˡ
컯컯ʥһ棬ֵƵĵҩᾡܵ˷ĵȱ㡣
̫׺黹һֻҪƿػͨ컯С
̫еɺĸооչֲ߳ˮ׼
˭˺õ¯أܲܲðɣ
һԡ
̫óһЩԼһˮ˳㻹һЩġ
̫ƾſֻصһԣ̫Ϊˮ׼ҲƳߡתĵҩ
Ķ¯ϵ֮У̫аƾתҩ̫ʥˣʥΪʱڲƳġ
Ͼ̫ʥΪǿҲûлֶģû컯¯
ɵҩЧ죬˵ƺˡ
Ҳ̫ܼңھߺ󣬽ʺϲûио˷ѣá
߶컯̫ղѸˮУ˺սԪС
ǵģԪУ̫ĴС
¯̫רҵУԪٿص¯߾磬˳㻹и򾳽磬
ĵֻ֮Ǽ򵥵Ҳܽе֮
̫С֮ˡ
̫컯Ԫϥƴϣһ߸һֻصʱ̣ʱ̡
ŵҩǵ

£̫ڵҩתУһԹߣһߣԼɵҩ
ת𵤣û˵һ˲ɵģ̫ƷȻǴ֮ǧʱ䡣
̫ʥѾ˺ܶ౶ˡ
̫һ۾


93 ɾת

̫һȣ컯ѸٴԪзɳ
ˣ컯һ
̫͵ҩȻǧʱ䡣
ʴޱ֪ҩʲôʱƳɹ

ֻſŽ˸ĵҩ컯зɳÿŶоŵȦǵɾת
ȥƺǷۡ
㣡
̫׼龧Ƶƿ̫УʢŵҩʧԴѱ淽
ҪΪ鱦ʢŵҩѷʽʵȻÿ鱦רĲ⣬ҲǷƬ
ҩƳתϵģҲзۣ˵Ƶҩıзۡ
ûԵ龧ʯʢ֮ء
ɾת˵ͽоתֻصɣ
žתֻصǧ̫֪˵Ч
˵תֻصͻЧֻ࣬ܰи򾳽硣
֮ǰ̫ԹΪ˺ܶ࣬˺̫ùΣκΣ
κ֮нƣһηЧãڶηþͼûжˡ
һγԵɵڶγ˸ӣ̫ס
Ϊԭ̫лȼƷȴþ粻ȵԭڡ
Ƴɵҩͺðˣ˵ҩȻ̵ļ̳˻ԣȻǵһηЧãڶξͲˣſ֮ȫûЧˡ
ʵ˾תֻصΪĵҩ
Ϊ֮ҩûзöκٴηûЧָ򾳽ĵҩͬҩ޵ˡ

ѵҩ̫̲סҪȥĸоҺסˡ
ǧҪҪۿңⴳ飬ڷá
ڷãھС
⣬̫ĺôȻԸߵҩƶ֮ǰ̫ҽʱûеͨ
ֻд޻Ƶҩ鱦
Ƴɹתֻص̫óƻʺϽΪӷĵҩ
Ҫ֮֮ǰ̫ǳ˽ƻ󣬲ſٽԲ
ƻЧܺã̫ʺϷáͪޣ̫͸ţһһ˺óʱ䡣
̫ýƻ;ˮһΪĵҩ
ˮˮкͽƻĽ֮ɱ֮ܽԲת֮ˮ߽ϣѵϷʽ
̫ȡϰٿŽƻϾˮһ컯ԪС
˴εһ˳һѵʱҪ֮ǰתֻصʱ١
ֻ˲ǧʱ䣬̫¯ӽٿתɵ
̫ԼһţһЧо޽ɵΪеĸо
ֻҪЩҩˣ̫ãܲ޽ɺڵΪ
εУ̫һŵҩڸֻЧû֮ǰľתֻصöѡ
һ̫ϲˣ˺ļǧУ̫ĵҩ
Լղصġϴٵġĵȵȣܶҩȫ˵ҩ
תҩתҩתתתתȫһߡ
ЧõģǵһƵľתֻصϾܸ򾳽ĵҩ
ƵתĵҩЧܵһ
ӷΪģģһͨġõģǿԪģо׳ͱԴġ
ֱ̫ȡתԪ񵤣ת鵤;תԭ
־תĵҩ̫˺ܶѪԴƳģ̫࣬ÿֲʮš
̫ãԼƺףЩҩʵ򲻿ʾˡ
±ã̫ѹεԴòˣģ̫˵ܵõһЩԴ
̫Щҩ֪ˣкܶ鷳չںġ
˵˵ܵ˵ڱףֻ̫鷳ѡ
ѵҩ̫һžת鵤
̫뵽ת鵤δ̫ӵľת𵤷棬ЧҪһ㣬һžھﵽ޵£ΪҲﵽ֮ҪǳһţӦɴﵽ޺ڵΪ
ת鵤ǿΪĵҩֻҪ㾳繻ߣܷºɾʹޡ
ڻ𣿾Ǿ粻ȣҪܳʱȹ̡
û㹻ľͷãֻһ顱
ǿ󿸹ȥȥҲΪоˡ
ⵤҩֻʺ·ߵģ֮Ǿߵģҩԡ
̫ԵҩԣսˣԳȥѸ
Ȼ̫Բ£˭иأ
һʯͷܱԴ˵ôõĵҩˡ
ŷ˵õ̫
˺̫һžתԪ񵤣һ½ĺ̫һʱѵ֮Լ߳ʵ˵ǰ


94 ֮
ӣ£ݼ̫ʦԸͨ죬ô
ǰ̫£ԼңһѾڴ˵Ⱥˡ
µ̫⣬֮ǰ¼ҹһ˲ٰס
ãὲ
̫һ֣̫ʼΪ齲
˴̫ӣ֮з֮˷ʱ֮
ǸҲǽԼһеİ취ͨԼѧҲͨء
ֻ̫ƴŰǧڴƣνԲ¹ơԲ̫ơԲơԲơȱơǻ۹ơ
Уɢϣһʱְڴݱ䡣
ֱ̫Ĵ˴νһ롣֮ͣ£̫Ҫõʱ䡣
̨飬ǵһ̫飬塢塢롢𽡢ȵȡ
ǵȺУûһ޽ɵĸ֣̫ݱ䣬̫ϱ仯һʱˡ
˵ǣ̫ܵѬպܶӣҲǵһ޽ɽ
̫Դһ˺ü۵ǵһγƸ
ĴߣһƼĹл߽߼ˣ
Ǳ̫°飬ǵӲ̫ôһΪûҪľ綼С
ͬʱϲķ֣׬ˡ
֮ǰ̫°ӶˣҪȻᣬ˭ⱻ°
ֱ黺˹
ߣ޾޼ޣɣȻ
ȴԱԴ̹ſ٣ָʣ̹ŵϣ̹ſ֮
ң̹ſ죬ض
ȻͬغΪɽˮҲΪУļţǣǻԪ
˴αΪʾ̹ſ֮ĳ֮ҿá

ֻ̫ƿʼݱ䣬̫Ϊôչʾ̵ĺԼס̹ſһĻ
¡¡
̹š
ֻ̫У̹ͣȥһϢȻ
̹Ŵ񣡡
һˣǵһμʶ̹̫֮Ƶݱ
죡
ֻǾһŭ𣬻ӳһԱĸӰ⸫Ӱ֮켣һ
̹֮Ӱÿһÿһ񣬶ǰ㲻׽
һʽڶʽھʽ
ֻ̹ӰӳŵӰÿһǧۡ
ÿһ;ͬĻԪΨһ
ŵӰӳԪУֻҪһ˿ãǴ޿ڣֻҪ͸ŵӰǻԪڡ
ʮʽֻ̫֮չʾʽʽúΪ֮𺳡
ֻ̫Ԫе̹ӰȻ忪ʼ仯ϳߡۿã̹֮ݱ䣬һ˿ú
塢롢ݡ飬̹ŴѪݻֻǶٶѡ
ʴˣɳΪ飬巽һԪ֮ʿҪǿĶࡣ
Ǵ˴ܴ󣬲˷֮ԴľʽӰʶ̹Ŵ֮ݱ䡣
Ȼ̫ƻڼݱ䡣
ֻ̹ӰҪʱ̵ģڶ뿴һĻ
Դ˽ԴȻֻ᲻֪ûС
Ͼǲ̫ʾΡ
̫˿ڸ
ҩ
־ʾǵУ̫ûкʾֻ뵽
ˣܴ˴Լ£ʾ̫ķˣҪǱ׼˵ҩֲ
̫ãֻһһξˣ࿴Ҳ˷ѣԶûеһθĶࡣ
̫뵽ȱΪ󣬰ڻʱǰħĽսʾһ£ʾ̹Ŵսĳ
̫ڻУõӡӡ˺ܶħĵϣ֮ǰõģýõϡ
ڵ֪ˣõϵ⣬̫ˣľС


ֻ̫ݻ̹ţʼˡ
ﲻһһϸ
˿̹Ŵ֮ǿһĻһˡ
ԭ
Ȼˣˡ
ء
ݻ̫£ЦԷǣеЦеڿޣеĳĬеļ
֮ԴȻһϵ
ԣ֮߶˶ˣ֮覴ö
޵ģЦĶԼǵĵ


95 ޺ڣ

̫ʾɣơ
һʱ䣬ĳԵûӡ֮߳
ôûˣ


һʱ䣬̬п֣̫е㲻ϲ

ֻ̫гӣӲɹܹԪ
Ȼ̫ûйϴá
һŰѳҵ֮е黽ѡ
Ǳֵĺѿһһһʱ̫ǰǲ
Ĳȣͣȥĥһֻ̫г컯Ԫ˳컯Ԫڲʵ󷨡
ղʧصļһ̫һսڡ
ĥѵǡ
̫ϲ£Ĳȵģ֮ǰӺ°顣·塢롢˶õĶ࣬Ͼڸָ
ؽڵģľʳʳһʿ
ɢޣòײŽ˴ȻȺгԴ̡
ʴˣǱֵ
̫ǲϲˣҸһΣԼ涨ʱڣ߳컯Ԫʵ󷨣ǣ
̫˺˻ȥңɣʺ̫ڡ
̫ΪߣܵĲȹ̡̫Ҳһƫִˡ
һ鱻ؽ컯Ԫ䲻֪Ҫʲô򵥡
лʦ֮Ȱлʦʯ˵ȴΪ⡣
̫ͺܶκ˵ΪѸٽҪȣȡ
һֱҲģеĺôȻ֪
Ӱл̫
عˣȰл𡭡
̫˴νʵⷽĿǣ򲻻Ϊˣʱ
ͨν޳һЩĲ֮
֮ǰ߶ʮһ°˺ܶ飬ȻҪɸѡһС
ɣνȻȥϸĸ򣬷ɲ𡣡
ǣȽǡ
°ɣи򣡡
̫ӻ֣ʾȿˡ
Ҳģջ̫ˣҪúñչظһ
̫ŨûΣմڣʵ˲ɶõĺõط
һȥ̫û뿪Ǵչջ
˴νһԪᣬľΪһ˽ıԵֻúһ£˺󼸿ҩȥˡ
ò˵˺ܶ൤ҩ̫һҩĺô
̫̫Ʈ˾ߡ
̫ԪУֻΪۣ컨ʼչ¶㣬ǵҪʱˡ
̫гһת𵤣ºֻǵҩۺҩʼܽ⣬һı̫Ԫա
ֱ
䡱һ̫Ϊ֮żƿˡ
˵ҩҩ̫ĵַһš
ֻ֮컨ʼ
Ӱʼɢһ޴ĻǶ䣬̫Ԫڵļ鱦Ҳʼ¶Դ⡰컨
ˣһǶ
ˡǴ޹
ֱŴ죬ĻǶһʱ䷼ת
̫̫ˡ
һƷ
ڣġ컨չһ껨
֮ǰػʱ̫ͻʮƷȻԽһĻϤĺܡ
ʴˣ̫ɵĴ߶컨
ػأ컨ͨ񷣬ġ
ţ̹ſٵһͷ죬̤Ŵأ̹Ŵм䡣
ĵҲС˻֮
ʲô
ϸ˵ųģΪ˽̰ϲڶɲҲ첻˷ңʹͨūҲֵܿʴ˳֮
ʵ̳̹ǡ塱
ףϺ죬ºǵأ̹ţ塣
ʴˣֻ̹ţʴˣսսսħ
ΪУֻжص̹Ŵħʲô

ֻ̫컨һƷ󣬴˺ƷһֱʮƷ
ˡһ̫鶼оһѹϢ
ʦ
ʦΪͻˣ
ô᣿̫ôΪͻˣǸûð
Ȼ̫ΪͻˣǺĵһǿߡ
ǰˡ
ԣǺˣҪŬˣһסˡ
İɴ磬֪ڵҪȺǿˣл׷峤



96 Բ
̫ͻƵϢûѹ̫硣
ͻƵʱ䲻֮ǰۺۺ
ޡ컨̫˴޽ɺڵľ硣
У˾Ҳüһ˴ﵽˣ̫һ޺֮ˡ
üǻָΪ̫
׺̫򵥵ĸһȵķΪкο
ǲû̫꣬ɲ򵥵ΪͻΪ
ͻΪͻˣλһĿ꣬ͻƴԲ֮硣
ǧ̫꣬ȹһΪ
˺̫ó˾תֻصԴͻƴԲľ硣
ºϤĸоˡ
ֵһθʳĸо̫һֻظС
ֻʱ仨ѵĶ٣һξڵͣԷ»ֻظ˰١
ֻ̫˲ʱˡ
һδεֻأû̫һЩʧˮɵĸ
¡һ̫ܳʱһֱͻƵľƿˡ
Բľ磬ڴﵽˡ̫һ
ڡﵽԲġ磬̫ûǵȾҪһŵҩܴɣⵤҩضʮתĵҩ
ҵ粻ô򵥵ģǴ޵ҪѵڴԴϵġ˵絽˾УҪ㹻Ϊͨƿ˳ӵļС
е̫Զ̫ˣȹһ¾Ϊá
̫ͻƺ󣬿˵޵ľѾԲĿǵˡ
˵Ϊֻд޺ڣ絽ˡΪֻҪѵʱȥС
˵̫˺ܶɵΪˡ
Ŀꣿ
̫кܶûȥģѹεƵرѾûˡ
̫ŵڰٴսʱȥŪô
ͬʱ
̫Ϊͻƺȹ̾ʱ̡
ںϷУֻڶۣŮϼϲǽǡ
峤̫ϳѾչһԪˣ֪ôˣ峤϶ԳĬԵСʵ
С˼Ҫͻƴ޾硣ҵͻ̫ҽ򵥣һ󾳽Զҵ󡣡
С˵꣬ļλϳĬˡ
֮ǰ̫ü桢˵ĽúǳһԪȥˣʵ˷ٵ
֮ǰȷĳΪǰʮ
ǰʮѣҪ˵ǾͲеԶˣǰʮࡣ
˴εȫ󣬼󣬺ȷ˽ǰʮʸ
С߲󣬱ϾĶ࣬ȻջĶࡣ
֮ǰֻСһ̫ҽڵĸ֡
ѾλˣСǴﵽ̫Һڵľ磬̫ķ鱦Сں˵һˡ
ͻƣӡ
ǽӴ治࣬Ը񡣺ǺƣҲŮ飬Ըܺãϲɱ¾
Ѿ浱Լˡ
ǹͨǳ֮ͨȻ浱ɡ峤һС껹˺ýá
˳Ĭʱ
䣡
ֻһǿƿʼſͻƴ޽ɵչ¶š
̫ϳͻˡ
һϲкĸˡ
һʱ䣬֪Ϣ
ĺģһ޸ִڣǶ룡Ȼ̫רŴĲ㡣
ֱǿסΪ˺ǰ
ȹ̫ϳΪ
Ƿĵף
öҴ˴ͻˮɣλɷľͺá˴γǸߴһΪͻƣҪһʱȹ̣ɢ˰ɡ
ͻƺΪ̫ȣҪȹһʱ䡣
ʶ̽鵽嶼ڼǹͻƣֻó˵һôҵġ
С˵̫ϳϻչȹΪ֪˾ͺã°ɡ
Сɢȥ˺ˣǰʵ㹧ϲˣ޽֮ʵĽ
һЦϲõúкøУͬһ˰ɡ
ЦҲܴﵽ˾磬ĪҪȡЦˣγǱģһҪչȹһ¡֮ǰ˵ȥϺл̫ѣȴҪһʱˡ
С֮ѱߣ廹ûʽлһ£˳Ҳȥ֮ȥչؾǣȽȥ
Ҳãȥˡ
ţ
뿪С꿴뿪ıӰһЦԼȥ𡭡



97 Ĺ֮β
ں֮һƬ޾󺣣֮ͬѼһ˿
صĺ£֪źεδ֪Ĵڡ
ʱ޷ľˣްſ
֪ܶ޾麣һ޴ڤڡ
Ķħ͵ڴ˵ء
ıڤ֮һʿҽӴⱱڤ֮ŷɥ
棬ڤ֮ζԱŷɥڤ֮磬νˮ
ھ޴ڤϣ佨˿ɼȥе㺮ᡣ
һһŮСͯŵš
ʦ֣֪үôˣԴӻչغѹͶ϶ĲϴҺöûйԣ˵ģŮͯ˵
ŮͯԼĪʮӣǱ裬ȥɰȴʧϽ
⵹Ƿϻңڵԡ
еͯһƣΪ˵ʲôҲǺ˵үҪͻߴ޵ľˣȻѹƣ˶϶ѹ
ŶŮͯһ㶣ʣ˵𣿡

˺󡭡һĵͯóĬ
Ƕ϶ѹ˽һХȻ䴫
䣡
ʱǶ϶ѹڵ˶㣬ֱʡ
Сͯͨһɼȥ
ণ
ֻչصĵطһնȥǵ˲һյľ
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ֻХ˵˵ģ
һ˸˻ſڵϵ֮ͯǰ
үΪͻƣַʽأҲ棬ãã
˻ĻСͯ
ŮͯүưҺʦѹģףء
Ȼֻ֪һЦû˵
үߴ֮ףүͨ졭
еͯǺĹһ
ŮͯҲģһأֻǴЦû˵
ŮͯүЦˣ˵ͻˣʹҺʦһͻˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫġ
˵꣬еͯŴۣʦãԺˣ
ɵӣŮͯеͯһֶۣԻ˵үҺʦֻκ󣬻û뿪ڤأҲû
ŮͯһĽûΣңעڣȻµͯѹԡ
ҲͯһĵͯһӲһ
úúáεãΪͻƣ̫ѣ̫ѼүȥͣҴŶǰȥ
ͯһϲ
ү˵صڶ̫𣿡
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ү
ЦСͷĪҪˣȥȥȥ׼һ¡
ү׼ˡŮͯ
еͯһ㶣˵ʦôˣҲˡ
ֻû֣дǣ

ͻǱȻҲˣ˿̵ĺǱ̫һʳ̼ˡ
ڻĹʱҪʱ򣬺ܶඥħһ׷ͻƴ޾硣
ƺһʱҪˡ
̫չؽʱһ󼤶
̫һ㣬Ҫй˵ã
ü棿̫뵽
Ϊ˴޺ڣ̫ӵĵӦ֣մ붨Ѿ㵽йá
˴αչؽҲóȥˣŵ̫ģҲǳȥһˣҲ֪Ǵ֮ˣ
̫ʵӣ֪̫ͨ顣
һ鼯ʱ̫ȴǶ°ȾͲˣҪչȹ̵ġ
ҲûȥĴ㣬Ǻò̫磬һ̫ǻûȻҲȥ
ǣ𡣡ɽçµȣ˻ش
˺̫˵ԶȻζû뿪̫ģȵпɣȴҪһȥȥȥ£̫罫ῪԼѡ񡣡
̫˵꣬ϲ˲Ϊ⡣
̫ͭţң
ڴ˺һʱ̫飬Ὺʼ̫߳磬һġ
̫λȴ˷硣
ʦҺʹʦ£ʦҲҪʷңʦܴλʦʦȥɡ
̫Ĵܼң̫ܶѡĲ£̫ûˡչˡҲӶȥ
ʦҲҪȥľҲνȵĵ
̫ǵ⣬ʯҲȥɣΪʦ֣ΪΪ˳ȣҴʦʦȥɣ¾ͺá⣬ľҲȥɣĲǴȥԼѰĵɡ
ǣʦʯľһۣӦ
ʯԸȣʵʦ֪ҵзԸ
ͷἰš̫
ǡ˲̫ûʡ


98 
һֻ˿ӣ̫λȥġ
ʱĺģӿǰٿبţʱ鲻һƬߡ
ӵħڵٽҪһʱɳΪĹš
ҲǺڶඥܹͬϿɵʱ
ĵڰٵԳΪ̫š
ʱֵĹĩڣޱʱ
ĵķټ٣ʳҲʼ
̫˿ģõʱ
ɼʶͬ磬кܴá
λӣ̫̫Ϊߵģɱ˲˵뷨
ãȥ졣

λӣԼһڴңʱ򣬪ݴһѾڴˡ
ݡڤҲһ
ʮλִڣңȻи߲
ݿһ죬ѵǻ۵Ĵڡ
컹ίЪݣǷֺˣܴңݴӦˡ
ݵڤλҲҪ𣿡ʯʵ
õҵҪһ
̫ˣһɡѸ˵
˳ˣ֪̫кο飬Լˣõ𲻸ô죿
ʯüʦĪҪˣݵǵ·˾Ϳɡ
ʯ˵꣬һίӣֻڤЦӣ˴Ǽʶģĥġλ̫ΪڣҲﵽ˽۷壬ֻһƻͻƣҲˡ˼ϣˣϣһͻơ
ˣˣ֪ˡˣȴϣ̫޷ǼʶһºĵĲпᡣ
ЪλḻĴڣʲô
ǺǣӼ¡ڤε
ֻǽ޳ڤһͷʾлҲϣڤĪҪѵС
ڤ֪ʯˣλԶСǱܳ谮ʴԸе㹫Ȼ⡣
ʱ
Сʦôھ죿ôˣ
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˺һСѣſӿһʯоԼδӲס
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̫Ŵ龭һδεĿء
ڡ
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Ҳ֪ˣһܹһ𴳹󷨣̫ͬΪá
˵ǺĶ̫ɽ޻ΣŻˡ
˵̫֮˵£ϺͶ̫¡
֮Σ̫ӵ̫ޱȳݡ
˵̫ʳ󣬾һ˼Ͷ̫
ѻһͬǰΪܼ򵥡ȴ֪󷨣ס˾ųɾ顣
ֻʵģΪʵúܶˡ
ѣΣΪɱ̫ɣ룡̫ȴַҵȡ˼
ĲΪ̫ڵΪһдУʴܴ˲󷨣ֻһ߳
ǲ֪ôˣʱǹп飬ȴ󷨿飬ѵĲǶ󷨲ó
˼һ󣬻˲롣
ãȴ˵
Ĳᣬ֮ǰͶ̫Ķģʶ̫Ⲽõ󷨺󣬻ķڷˡ
ˣ԰̫¸ˡչһ̫ʵֵûѧϰ
̫Ҳڹ۲ˣ˵죬ʮѾڴھŲˡ
̫֣һϺ츳
ǿӲΨڴ󷨵ʱ򣬻о󷨡
ŵ졣
̫а󷨹Ϊ뷨ֻԼºû츳ġ
ªݵ츳ġ
񲻽ֿԶ
ȤĻ񡣡̫Ц


99 ûɽ֮ǰˮ
ʦ
̫΢Цſڵ飬̫ߡ
š̫ͷʵڴ˹۲ˣã
ӵӻ¹֪治ףûԱΪǾٲά裬ЩǳûǿָҪΪΪסЩߣǱűʦɵ뷨ǵļ̵ģȴҲβ롣̫˵ҵʦָ£Ҫ˵Ķࡣ
̫΢΢һЦ飬һֱⷬȴҲ
ֵֻ̫ν޵ǺԼˣʱ޿̶ˣԵ鱦ȻǴȴÿ鶼貵ʱ̣ʱ̡Ϊľǵ
̫תͷڵ˵ǾҲġ
ü̫̫ҪʲôֻʦźЩ޷󷨵𣿡
Ǻǣ
ҲǣҲǡ̫Ȼʵ𣿡
⣿
һ㶣һƺжϣ˵֮һгɾͶʦ࣬鲻ˣֻʦ
̫ĻشȴǳЦԿ˵Ҳɣ󻹿һ

Ķѡ˳Ȼųһȴš
˵̫꣬˵ˣˡ
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ΪԵʣ϶̫̫ƵĺȣʵûҵԼĵ̫˵
ʴ̫Ϊʱ㵽齫Ȳģдɾ͡
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̫Ҳռ֮мҲԶˡ
֮ȴǿשǹڸգ֮ͨҲ˵
ʵⱾǺ£ȴʺΪֻ̫ҵĿӡ
гɳļǿͨļǿͺƷ紵ʱĴֻһ紵񵹡
ûɽ֮ǰˮ֮վ̫޾һС
ѧ̫̫һòѧ˰

ʦǣ󷨵飩֮ܶڵ֮ϣԶӡΪеĵԸⲻԶԸʦĿ顣ʦѵӣĪҪøԶ𣿴ϸСʼ΢ĩʼ
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̫һЦȻǸѾͷȴ˵ĪҪңʱܳԼǣԼʤһٴΣ⡣
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ûмʣ̫ԸоƺˣּͲεԸͲΡ
һǽˣ紵ҶֹҾû䣬ֻĿˡ
ӿɽ̣̫˵Ĭ


ʱţ̫۲˴ꡣ
еóжٿͨ󷨵Ŀ顣
ˣֻаˡ
ֻһĩ̫ȥкһ¾ͺá
ֱһ죬̫붨˹ָһʱ䵽ˣҹѽҪ٣ǻ
飡
ֻ̫ٻ
ʦ
飬ȥժЩпá
ǣʦ
ȥ̫ң
ʱаλڴ˵ȴûĻڼ
вǧˣ󷨵ԵеԪеĵɳеĸС
Щ̫ȻᣬֲֻܹǵĲȾ̫Ρ
Ȱݼ̫𡣡
󷨵İˣ̫޼ߵ̫
Ĵǳ˺ܶ࣬͵Ķ
Ҵ󷨣̫ˡ
̫һֻ֣ɢȥˡ
ڴһʱе£عԼûоס飬˵Լʧˡ
ȥɣԵǿ󲻵á
ҵȣ
Ȼ˲ġ
̫ȴϺССɵڶ࣬ѡһطš
̫֮ǰǺõġ
޷ԼӻֻҪϺֻҪңԶԼҲܱӻ
ڱԼǲˡ
⻰˵֪꣬õѡˣٹ̫Ͳϲˡ
л𣡡
һʧܵļһͷɥ뿪ˡ
ʱ
󷨣ʵƶˡ
ǻλͯˡ
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лѵģûȴʶ˳棬ƶĽˡϧұڤ֮һȥģˣƶҪˡ
̫Цѣȥһ𡣡
Ц
˵̫Դ󷨵ҲлԵ
л𣡡
˿


100 ۺĻ
ݼ̫𣡡
ߵͯӣǰ̫
ɡ̫û뵽ͯҲÿֶԴС̫óŵҩǱƵľתԪ񵤣ºö˸һΣǼɡ
⣿
ͯɵˣ˵㲻ƭ˰ǸүҲǼʶģ
ҩϸһ̫ˣû뵽֮ͨߣȻǾת𵤡
޷Сġ̫Ϊ⡣
үʲôǾת𵤡ͯŮʵ
ͯŮ꣬һԵͯҲ棬Ǿ󷨵ĽҲ𾪡
Цⵤҩһתʮתʮתҩ˵תĵҩӦ˴޽ɵĴܣҲ˵еĵҩ±öοԪ񵤣˵ĸźͱԴ˵󣿡
ѽ
ôãͯŮԾָ̫ݣл̫ͱ
˵꣬ͯŮͯӶˣ½鶼ݵĿ̫
ǺǣС̫Ϊİݰ֡
ȴЦ˵ЦˣҲСϵ޵ˡݹۺƾת𵤵Ҳ͵һˣһܵˣת𵤣⻹ܿء֮СԺ˵Ƕ
˵꣬У˵Ķ׷׵ͷ
ĪҪ˵ˣһ𡣡̫֪ԼֻǲԿ䣬͵ѣ
ͯӵȻ̫˵ˣɡ
̫ң
ңʱﶼΪ֮һ
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Ȼﱻңˡ
⻰ʵ̫е㽾ҲеΣȿȣѣǱΧбء
ˡ
ͯͽҲƽˡôõɵȻΧ𣬹Ȼ

һңɽϣֻ̫һ֣ʱյͭųˡ
̫磬ȻǴģһ
״޽ɺΪûʲôȵĵˣû뵽һն˺öˡ
롣̫
룡
Ϊ˱ָ󣬻ٶˣ̫˵ĻҪһٻش𣬻߿ش𣬷Ҫˡ
˱еˣƼŲ̫̋ȥ
̫ʱ

ֻ̫Ľ飬Ȼ̲ס
໥εĿű˴ˣʾղŲңɣ
һᣬڿе̾Ϣ֮ǰȻЦ֮ԴȻġ
̫ĸ߰Ժδ뵽ǵһμʱ
ʱ̫̫
˺һ̫֮СµĴԣ̫֤
̫ˣ̫Ȼ񣬴Ӱ
Ҳֲô԰ôƽĿܡ
Ϊ˼̫԰ıǮ㣬Ӧð
ҪԼϲýѣҶԴ̫ĽܿģһҲ̫ɲѡ
Ĵܶ԰̫Ǯ
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̫ôش𣿲ûش𰡣ֻܵһЦ
룡
Ѿһ̫ǰˡ
ݼǰ
￴ſ飬ԣһۿ˿֮壬Լĵۡ
˱ʱã˱ڤ֮Űɡóղأڤ֮
ں֮򣬸бڤ֮лң֮
Կ˵ԴֻҪڼӲᣬ̫ÿ֮ˡ

Ȼͣ°ɣҪ̫
̫˵Իóⱱڤ֮󣬿м¶һɿһҪõɵ鱦һһ
лǰԻһݡ
ﵹǾջ˵ӣЦ޷Ǻǣ
ѽ鰲һ£޵֮˼򵥵ĺܣΪϯΪС
ȴ̫ʵ
ּ̫⣬ժЩΪժ̫˷ˣʶ˻Ĵ󷽺󣬿ǰҲ
еۺˣȻǶ龧ʵĺˮȻеɳȻǳ֮
ô
ǹϡС֣ôôۡ
Īصһ֪ʡ
̫װˣװУƺЦе࣬ҪЦǺǣѺȴǻ˱ɽáǴ֮֮ЧȴҲûôˣԽɺ̫еôƷһ¡
ȷʵҪһ£û뵽ϵд˻Ե˲俴͸ˡ
Լһֱָģܣ̫ǧҪҪȻҲһҪζ


101 ̣
̫ͻٴʱѹǧꡣ
֮ЧɼԴ޽ΪߣĪĺô
Ļ̫лһ
˵һ̫ɵĻѿܲţϵڽ״޽ɺиӦȻӦڰϵΣϵ˼ǰ֣ϵһΣĿ顣
ֵֻϵϵйԹģֻǺĵߵ棬һҶֻһ棬ʴ̵ѡ
̫ɣϲԤԵ۵ĴڡֻҪãǴҶã鲻ãǾ˭ù
Щ̫һֱˣʮ޲T棬ҲûȥɱˣϰߵһߣһںĴС
Ŷ̫ʵεȶԹ
˵Ҳ޴Թϵ¡
ֻ˵ʱϵ룬ǵߵɱ飬Ҳ֪ʱϡ٣ϵǲܣȴѰʴ˳ֹˣǵߵϵһ˭ûռˣ˺Ҳˣ˺󣬵ʱǵߵ澹ȻҲ˻ʳԴΪ˵Եʶ˵Ҳɺϣʱϵǵߵ洴ĻʳʵΪһ֮ϵóͻϵңʴȣȴɱ켺Ϊϵֳƻ˼ǵɱΪ

ŻĽ̫ˣǵϺ磬˾ء
Ҫô̫ʵ
Цˣֻ˵˵ϵܵӰ죬ǵѵĴ·ϵҪµģϵɸΪ񲯣
ѵĴ֣ûлɸΪ񲯵˵˵ֻ˭κβ˭²ųֵģ
ʴˣϵΰͯϵ⣬뿴ϵϣһ֮ؾͿɣ
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ⲻܳΪϵħϣϵΰݷõѺ󣬾ȥ£Һ͵ߵ˭˭Ҫġ
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̫ǲܣ˵ĶԾñ˲֣ǵĻҪҪǳǻΪˡ
Ϊȴ˵
ȿȣе㲻˼
˵޷̫ԽԽˣ֮ǰͺƱȣȺǿ
кƵԸȴľϡ
ѼЦˣϵǵߵΪƣֶҲ£Ҫɱ˴ȴѣʴϵὣһá
˵꣬˼Ŀֽ̫跨Ϊں˵ڿЦ
ὣǿ˴˽ϳ䲻⣬ԼӵѽõĸϵаմɱǵߵϵҲɡᶨ
̫豦ʱҲгɣһȻǽԼһֱûõὣ
̫ʾȫû⣬ȥǣ𻹵ŵ˳۵ء
̫İὣóежĸоȻе㲻ÿ
ˡ̫һּ飬˵õ𣿾ܶо֮
ѣˣҪлȴ˵лϵõϵģϵհ
Ǻǣˣ˵ѼЦԸ߰ϲ֮֮࣬ѡٵĿΪϿɵĵѣȻܰһ
̫㻹֪ԼĳƢ
ܵõ˵ϵҲ޺ˡЦȻ֪̫Ըֵ˴˽ֻҪԼӼһǴȥаգȱѣϵ͵һ𡣡
ѿ̫һ¡̫û뵽ߵľô
ˣһ·ϼһɣϵΪԴϵޣƱرסơ
Ҳá̫ˡ
޷˻ִΪִԽΪûкô
ѣǾתԪѸٻָġ̫óƿҩÿƿţֵ˾תԪ񵤣ѸٻָԪġ

һƬмУҲû˵ӹ̫־תҩ·ˡ
̫ѻͳ̫硣
ʦǰôߵôæʵ
̫һ̾Ϊ˵ѡܶˣ޵޵װ
үҪ𣿡ĵ̫ͯĻֻ涵ʡ
ҪİɣүþͻˣҺúͿɡ
ǣ𡣡ͯȥѹ



102 ۷
̫˻ҪûԼȥɣ·
ǵüеĻʱģԴգӶʦ
λбֶζ˲٣Ҳ֪ܱܲܿ
ıԴˣ̫Ʋ˵ġ
˿̵ĺȻǴƿأֺ̫ΪʱԸıһˡ
̫Ҳû취ǧħ񶼱ٿأҲ˶ѡ

飬֮ǰ㰲ŵǴ֮ǣ
ʦȥٻǡ
ţ
̫ͯͿ飬˺˵ǰ
ʱϴ֮Ѿڴ˵ȴ
Ž˵ģ̫ɨ̫Ϊˡ
̫ˣ̫ҳˡ
ǻͺò״󷨵
ʱͳ졣̫Ի
ǣ𡣡
ΪߣǿΪ̫Ҳ̫˸ˡ
ǣ𡣡
λ̫ҽΪߣʱ顣
̫ûٹأһɱ¾ڶҪǿСصģģǧиľͺá壺֮ͨ⴫Υ߱ɱ֮
˵ʵ׷񣿡
ȽԸ
˴Ӧ̫ó׼õġ
˱֮ͨǧڶࡣ˺ڴ˵أȺ̫һ򣬸ҿȻԵ
ֻ̫һ֣ſ顰ھ޴Ľ̨ϡ
Ÿ̫һǣ⿴ҪϼԼҪԵ
ŵ̫ͨ硢Լ̫ļţһЩĵȣΪ֪ļء
Ҳ˵̫֮ǰ档
̫׽ˣ֮ǰΣΪ̫ľΪҲߣԽͬʱҸ
̫ΨһĿ֤꣬޵
ѾãֻҸء
һ棬̫ΪΪƻУΪڵ͵ģѾöˡ
Ȼ̫չʾ飬չʾˣ̫ۡ
֮ǰǸ̫ڸѾǴˣǰ̾ͿԼŬˡ
̫ǴӿǵóĴ𰸡
λԼָڶ࣬ǳѺͿһԲȣһƫƵġ
Ϊ߲һ̵ĳͽܣͬ踣Դ̫ͽҲûô
̫뷨ˡ
ʴˣܾʵ󷨵飬Ѿѵõȹ̸Ե֮ˣ̲õķ
飬ǵתĵһʱкܼ
Ķǰˡ
̫뵽ʲôֻһ
񣬱һнһ󷨸㶨Ҫúø򣬴ĪҪ⴫֮󷨿νģñϵûУף
̫ǴţƣѻĸҪԣûӡ
ͨһĹˣ̫̫̫˼ˡ
ллһǵԸ
šֻ̫ӳһü䣬˵Ǳ̫𡢰˱ԼһЩ֮ҹ𾫻Σúø򡣡
̫Ȼѡ˵ͷ죬ȻҪͷĴ˵ĵ̫һͨǴһ
˵ıֻأ
ǱĿģڱ̫ܲ
л²֤ʲô½֤
ݣһ仰ɶҲ˵ҽıְɣҰˡ
ܺãȥɣ̫ɳ룬̫һΪá
ȥɡ
ǣ𡣡
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̫ǲڡ̬ӲաƻǶûоáҲûеԸжϱˣʴ˱ѵԸ񣬵վع鱾ԴˣӱһУΪѱˣҲһλĴܣ

ߵһЦѾܴͽ̣


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磬磡һ̾Ҿãֶ̫Ըߵ飬ǲ֪顣
˵꣬ĬˣǺã
˼һֻ˶ã߳ɰվͿжѶϲҵԸ񡣼ƻ䣬̶ޣıһ޴ӪڱֵһغĴҲ⿴
գˣƻ䡣
ɺϵǣֵɺ뵽һˡ


108 
뿪ߵʳ̫źɽȥ
̫Ӱ첻̫ȥߵʳ;УѾ뵽˴˽֡
ľʢЦĴӻߵ١ôıǨΪĵĻǻȥˡ
磬ǰʮļ䣬̣ܺһֵһᡣ
̫Ѿǰĺܶ࣬ΨһǵõҲǶԺĵļѡ
ΪҪǰġ
ԣͬΪ˻ɱߵҲǰջԸġ
˼Լ͸ˣԼִԲʲô
ʴˣµ̫任󣬿ʼ
ÿģĶ᲻һͬһطµıǨҲȻͬ
ȥɽԲһûԲԸ
ң̫Ҫ컯Ԫǡɽͨǿ֮أоŲ֮ء
ֱǽľˮ̫ý˻ᴸ컯Ԫ
һ·ϣ
̫ͣͣһЩƵر̫
֮ǰ̫ľԼղء
̫绹кܶ࣬ǱϾԼЩ֮˿ġ
ԼȡҲᱻĴսƻԼˣҲá
̫ţȻפһ㣬ݵԶһ䲻ʲôƷǿﵽƷĲΡ
̫ʮɸߵǰʱʱܱػСһ
ɣǿˣǿˡ
ֻһ飬ʱһ쿪ʼߺȡ
һߺȣΧֵֹ飬ΪߣߵƺɲΡ
ͷһųĹޣƻʨҲһޣڵΪ
޼̫ģһľ˿̵ĺĵǻεģǴֵܸ
ǣûϵĴУԲܻΣҰ޵ģ
֪Ӻʱ𣬲ܻε飬˳ƺΪ󡱡
ƺҲû취ܻγ˵ĶǸ֣ܻεΪ£˼Ҳû취
̫ûһ۹⣬Ԫ̽һƷ󣬸оܲ
СͷȻСʵҲʺϽɷãºȹԪá
̫̫Ƴתĵҩ̫ҽɶá
̫ϲȡᣬ֮ϲ
һﺦµ飬̫ʵˣ𲻻ȡС֮˵Ҫʲô
⻰˵꣬ʨΪǰǰô˵ҵȵˡǣǣҲ֪ѾϵʮħԳħԳ㻯εĹ⡭
˵̫ˣ˵ֲʱôԭѾн׵Ķˡ
̫ˣʵħԳʲôΪ
ʨ޻شǰħԳ˽ڵĸ֣ǷԲʮ֡
̫󣬸оЦȼȻ֪ǽɸ֣ΪҲɲΡܺ棿ĿԽ׵
ǿΪĺģ̫ʮֺСȻҺͽΪ߽ס
ʨˡ
漴һ̾ǰҵҲðһԣزסģ쵣ĲһħԳԼҵҲҪһԣ֮Ҳ޸õİ취οħԳ²Լ˵ҵױķϣԱӻҵһ
ôһ˵̫ŵͷΪµΡ
СͲ𣿡̫Ц
ʨʵ⼸޺ܵģ뵽˺ܶĴ㡣
̫ĺȻ֣ƺÿб仯
ʴ˲ˣۣɶ˵ɶǰҵҲû취ܹǳϦðֺηĵҵҲŬҵ治µģҵҲ뻯Ρ
ʨ˵˾ųɺΡ
ûֻܳϦһҪܱ˵İۣƤëסģǱ˿
̫ʣΪǲΪ̫ͣΪεϣҪ۷嵽ɵɱſɣΪ»壿Ҳǿ˵ܡ
ǡʨһЦǰȴǲȣħԳ˵ΪΣһëβ͡ڴ˷ԲʮڣҲĽĶҵ¿ҲУܱںã̹ŴҲҪĿ졣
ʨ˵ĺܶԡ
ںģǵڰٺԽԽ͵飬Ǵס
˸Ϊ飬ǿ󴫳УΪ޽֮ǰʺϵ塣˴֮󣬿ʼʱϲʺϵĵ塣
ʴˣ飬ڳǱģֻе˴޿ʼƿط󣬲Żữϡ
ʨ飬ûǵȶšʴ˻Ϊһ㣬ǵı׷



109 ɻħԳ
ʨ̫ԭʱ
ֻʱһӥ鼱ٵķ˹ӥɵҡҡ׹һ֪˲ᡣ
ܣܣ
ʨޣʱоæ˹ȥ
ֻǾӥغ󣬼ٵ磬죬죬ŴߣħԳǲһҪˣߴ硣
˵꣬Ǿӥ˶ʱʧȥʶ
ʨ˲ˣĽײܴˡ
̫֪ᷢһĻˣһСͽɸֽף̫çײˡ
׸ħԳֻӻС
˵ħԳ˺󣬻ָǼ򵥻εĹĹǺǣʨ浥
˿ʨ޻ˣŵͬʱְ̫ࡣ
룬ܰԼ˶ȹ˹ء
ʴˣûаվӥ˵ܣǾðղһѡ̫ߵǰˣ֪ǰҪ
ʨ˵Ŀ̫
Ǻǣ̫ЦˣСǻ㣬Ȼˡ
ʨεСûбİ취ˣܹһ˵ĻҲܶѣðһ¡
ţ˵һɻ뵨̫ѵõĿ佱ֵȻǵĽײˣǾͽ׸ɣСħԳҲȡᣬ񼫡
̫˵ʨ޺Ȼе㱳顣
ô˼Ϊ̫ͣȡǰΪߣҪȡˣ
ʨ˲ɢȥ˴뷨ΪˡɡɣȻ
ûһᣡ
ֻһΪһɷġŵˡ
̫һ㶣漴Цˣ˵һɾ͸ҺħԳףԭ޿ְ
̫Ц
һСҲ޼ɵЦ
̫֮ΪغóϢз֣̫ҲڵΪһ
ɻһλɳڣʮΪ£Ȼ̫
̫û˼˵
ֻ̫ſһ̫ǰﻹЦûЦ꣬ͱΪһˡ
仯֮죬һʱʨ޶ûӦ
֪һ棬ͷɸЦЦžûˣ
⣡ʨɵҲ֪ˡ
̫ûɵʨޡ
ֻ̫һ㣬̫һ䣬һȥ

ʮ֮һɽϡ
һ廨ŵ֣Ѱ֡
һģľ;ԳĿԼµĻҵ
˹ά𾴣ָоħԳϲ
ʱ
ֻһ
ħԳһ£ûô¡
䣡
Ļϯɽ塣
ֱɽѾȵĻ滯Ϊҽ
ɽ¿ŵСĿɿڴĿһĻӵĵɵԲԲɵˡ
ղŻĽһΪߵĴѰ֣ԼΪֻܿš
ǰУȻûˡ

һҽУ⿴ŵС룺ҿûȣܵĿ찡

̫ħԳӦˡ
ŪһУֹһ䣺ӡɡԳ֮ġ
ʨ޵СѡħԳɱˣ˵˵ͱ𽻻ʲô
ʨ±ƼӲ
̫ɸֺ󣬲ֻܱ
ǰ֮ѾΪС󲻸
ûռС˵ϰߡ̫ɣǻ֮֮𣿡
̫һ֣һܽģ̫ҽɵĹһĻ֮ʨ޵ü䡣
˺̫һһʧˡ

ʨ޺һС𺳡
ֱ˺һᣬӴϢʨ޵Ԫϡ
ʨ޾ϲķ֣˵Ĵ̫ˣľս
̫ʧĵطͶؿ˾Ÿͷ
λܵãйˡ˵ʨһޱȵ㣬Ըʵֺ㡣
ҴĳԤϡ
磬ôûߣʱǾӥ˹
ʨ޺һͣŸһ齲ԼղžһС
ô˵ղǰǹħԳҲɱˣ
ʨ뵽ԪеĴУĵһţͲȥ
󡭡
尾ȴˣȷϢħԳɽħԳԼһЩȫˡ
ݴ֮Ī漴ħԳɽ˿ŵĶˡ
Ҳ֪ǰţҵȵʱҲǺͿȻûʣ
ӥ֪Ϣ󣬼˺һᣬְ
ǺǣˣҵȺǰһˣһżѾǽˡ
֪ܵ뷨޷е㱧ȵ뷨
Ҳǣӥе죬Լ̫̰ˡ
ʨ֣صǰĹʹУҵֻҪúؼǰһ졣


110 пᣡ
ʱ٣ٴɽʱΨһĻ̹ѹ
̹ŴǿߵϢȻ鳼
̫ɽɽ־ƺӦˣ͵һһɽΪ֮һƺϲ
˿̵ɽߣ̹־ѹΧһڡ
о仰֪Խ࣬ηԽࡣ
˿ֵ̾쾡¡
ĵĶħǺ̹Ŵǿû۵ģɽΧ
ɽһѵõ֮أܶΪСڴ档
ɽս֮أ˭ڴ˴սûָ̫ǲŵġ
ɽ
ɽ֮棬ķԴأǸƵرķԴء
ĴɼƵر̫ϲ֮ǰ·ռ˺ܶࡣ
ɽһȣֱС׼ס
̫֮ϲٲݵṵ̃ϲЩҩϲƳɽ𵤡
̫һ·ϲϵռ˽ꡣ
°ռܴҲ̫ռռһռ䡣
ռһЩĵر̫ڰռ
ܱʧЧ
ռУ̫ˣһŲ۵СݣһٵݣҪŪʱֹ̫
˼һռһģ򲻳ġҲǷܡ

ֵ̫ɽѰʱ
̫һ߳飬ڼʶĵĲпᡣ
ں
һڼһˣһǧ
޲TĴڣûУСȴ
ûжħЩСβ룬صľηҲ١
֮ǰ˵ģΪ޾ǺĶ壬ʴ˶֮ǰ״޵Ķħη˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ̫˲һ޶ѣδ˭Ц󻹲һء
һΪˣΪĴսĻҡ
ʯľޡˣ˿¶أĽ
Ϊѵһο֣߳˵ľ档
ˣĸ̫Ҿ磬ںû˸ǡ
Ѳ鱦ۺˡ
õ̫ʮԴ飬̫Ƶ컯
鱦ÿһƽ˵ܴ
Сˡ
λ̫Һڣλ̫ҳڣܹλ̫ҽΪҪɱʯˡ
ʦ֣ҡί
ЩˣΪһĳ֣˴˿̵Ľ
ʯûйѣĶԣһ޹飬̫Ҳǡ
Դ˿̵ľ棬ȴԤϲġ
˭뵽Ǵ̤һγʱͱ˶أ
ʦ˵ΪƣرֻİСʦ㲻ھΣҲûй㡣ĶţڲŲο
ʯͷʯ˰οʯʾҲᡣ
ĪҪˣʦĴǲŭħ˺ҷ̫ˣҾƴҲҪǺڡʯʯ㲻ΣãǴ򲻹Ҳƴ
ο˺ħˣԼҷ潻ˡ
ȻΪ˵Ķ֣鱦󣬲ûһƴİա
ֻħҷ֪òǣʴ˾ۼڶǲе󷨡
ŵܲ
̫ͨжݷܶ࣬˶ᣬɢС˵ǵĶݷν
Ǳסˣ˲ôǱ
ʱ
ֻ⴫һλѿɿǺãҵҲͼλΪУֻҪǰе鱦ҵȱ֤ȥ󷨷λ뿪Σ
˵ħˣߵҷһ㶣дɲСǷ뿪ˣҵȻ鷳ϡ
ħһЦдѷģֻǽƾͼƶѣֻҪǽ鱦Ҷ˵Ϊɱǻ׾١
ҷһЦȴˣˣûɵӡ
ҷħҲĺ޷һʱ϶ѣҲǶ֣ʴҷ绰дų
Ǻǣħ˵֪µǵļֻ̣ҪǸҺ˼룬Ǿ͡Ǻǣ
˵꣬ҷˣǹ֮Ƽ󷨱ǹ֮󣬿ħʵĺܰ׳գ˵Ч
ħȴи뷨ҷΧʯˣܺ͵ġ
ľ˲ʩչʮƷ̨̫ˡ
ǫֻ̃Ҫǫ̃໥Ƶ£ֻҪˣǶİ



111 ŭʯ
ħˣҪ룬ʦҲóѡҲҹ㣬ȥ󷨣ȹƽ֡
һֱ˵Ŀ࣬ħ˵Ȼ

ǲλѽ֣ʵλ֮ݷ̫ƶ³󷨣λѻʧ
﹥ħȻҲػ
һʱ䣬˽֡
˱סӲˣħҷˣȴòˡ
ɺޣҪȶѧʦ֮Ҳд˾ˡӰյ
̫֮ģϧ˶ó
ֻõ˲֪ϧ˾ҪǽѣһҪ̫ѧ㱾¡
˵ˣħҪסȣԽԽǿ󣬴˿ȵȹ̣Ի֮ĿˣҲᱻ֮Ի֮ס
ʯε
ʦҲĪҪģʦҵ̨пƵáΪ̫磬ұǰ߶Ʊ󷨡ľ˵
ڽ֮Ҳֻˣȴ˶ʦ̨ܵУʵڲУֻʦʦˡʯܰա
̫ʱзľʹá
ûãȵز
뵽֮ǰĵļţʶԴֻ˭ǿµļе㾮֮ܵĸо
ֵʱ仺š
ֱǧ󷨵ԽԽǿУȹ̵ѣѾеԲסĸо
ʦãҵΪ̨ɡľ˵ĵıʯҲ
ԼĵǾһ
ģҲԪ۶ѣһֱ̫磬󷨶Ч
ллʦ֣Ҳѣľս̨С
һ̨ʱ̨ɢʥϢһϴꡣ
ˬĸо
źѾһҪһ֮ǰë
ΪҲľҲΣԼͳ˵׸
ָо̫ʱѴûܵʦǵˣչ˵ĺܺûܹࡣ
γΪҲһó̡
һδεĺĲпᣬˣԼǰһֱһֻеĳѡ
˱˺ǻ
ںģԼĴڣõǿסСһѾ𣬶õѾɼƿˡ
ӦҪˡ
һμʶпᣬ԰οԼڶҲʾȴʼӱܣԸȥܣԼĴˡ
뵽ˣѺȻһһֱѰ󲻵õľ羹Ȼƿˡ
̫ҽɳڣֱ̫ҽɳԲѾ̫ڵľ硣
Ȼʦ˵Ķԣʶһ²򡣡
ûԤϵ֮ǰһֱͻƵľ磬˿ͻˡ
֮ϲ
һʱ䣬̫ĵҩȹ˾̨߳
ף
ʦãôˣ
ԣʦ㣿
һ㶣ѵΪȻͻƵ̫ҽɵĲΣԶΪ
̫ƵرÿԸΪܶࡣ
֮ǰһֱûͻΪ⣬𣿾ͻƵʱΪҲͻˡȹ̵ĺܣ
ʦ֣㣬ͻˡ˵ϲĸо
֮ǰˣһСͻƾ͸˵Ĵ
˵꣬˺ܸˣΨʯеŭ
ǷŭΪͻƣǷŭ֮ǰÿʵСʦãȻһˡ
ԳĬʯͷ˶̫ηºͼλʦֵһҲͳĬ
ΨСʦãһÿμһ˿ڻ
˿̣õСʦþȻƵıˡ֪ƽʱܳĬƽʱԼϿġʯͷˡŭġ
ΣգƽʱãŭˣѪ岽Ĵڡ
ʦôˣ
˷֣ʯϢȻƲסĿʼ
֮ǰ˸ձʱ̽һÿÿ赲˻
ħˡҷȰλ̫ҽΪߣۿƻ󷨣ʴ˵Ĺᱻ赲
˺Ȼ֣ʦеʧصĸо컯ӡüĶ˲ı
λʦʦܣΪֲƲ󷨣һʦģҵȴסʵ˸ʦΪֲƲ
˵ֻ꣬ʯϢϳ̫ҽɳڵΪȻ˲ƿﵽ̫ڡ
ʯ̫ڣ֮ǰ̫˵ΪõھһСΣȹ̡
ʯ̫ڵľ磬ȴһֱ̫ҳڵΪ
α̼ˣʵ̲סˡҪħ棬ҪСʦñ
ֻʯͻƺ󣬲֪ͳŵҩֱӳȥȹΪԪġ
˵ʵʦû竣Ҳǲˡ
ͻƺʯȹΪûУֱӴ߶컯ӡ󷨶ȥ
ʦˣҲԥˣѪһѡ



112 ѳ죡
ս׵ѣѸټʮԴ飬ʮԴǿСܷܹ
֮ǰʩչһɵ̫ҽΪ治Уֻøʦڻ

컯ӡɰɴС󷨶ȥ
ãǷˣסħ漱æ
Ȼ
ΪԺɵһ̫ҽɵˣʱ͡һӡĹɺԶ
Сģǵͻˣ̫ҽɳڵΪˣˡ
˵꣬һء
ȣħ汻ѺѸٻӶ죬ħԻ֮˶ȥ
ߣССԻ֮롣ľѸټ̨
̨ħԻõĿǣֻɫ
֮ǰƾ˵ħȻѸٱˡ
̨ħ˲ʵ
˺ѣҷħ˳Կá
ħ˱ƵģҲħϵԭ룬ֻҪǫ̃ħ˲˶ѡ
ֻҷһ˺֮磬еķ˶ȥ
ˣΪѵ
ֻѵʮԴѸٷԲ֮״ҷĹ
С޼ǳԲᣡҷһЦ
֮ǰҲĹ𲻵ãʴҷ治¶Ц⡣
ǣ
ˣһ
ҷԤУӦñɢʮԴ飬ȻȵĵסĹ
⡭⣬ⲻܣ
ǺǣҲ˶ѣһߵħ˸ձҷ泰ЦҷǾֵģвӵ
ӹӣڲǷʱ򣬻ȸ㶨ͻȻֵΪá
Ϊʮþȵľ棬û뵽ֳִӡɫĵ˾Ȼͻˡ
ңˣСƺҲͻˣħ˿ҷ棬ȴҲ֪ҷ˲򵥡
ҷᦣҷƾ鱦ս
ҷѣɱˣͻˣҵҪȫˡħ
ɣҷҧ
ڣ
λʦʦãҪˣСʦúҽͻƣƳɵĿܡʯ˵
͵ͷ
ֻѵʦֽǹͺãҵԴȫ
ƣ
˼ʶ˸ղԴķʴҲˡ
ѵĺȻͻƣ𵽵úܴ֮ǰҪԶһˣʴ˵ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ٱˣ߶е鱦ʼӳĹ
Ҳ˵ĹУʼҡҡ׹
Դ;ķʯ˿ʼſֹˡ
ʯĹҷħ⣬ʣ˶Ӳӣ˭Ӳ˭Կ
鱦ڴ˿չֵ쾡¡

棬ǵ˵Ľӡҵȷסҷһ£˼ο̲סԹˡ
Ϊܲûз鱦ǳԿ˿̵Ѿˣ޷ӲŶѡ
棬ħ˵£з鱦˺ᣬ治ò˵ĵ˵
ҷĿһݣħλ¡
Ȼˣз鱦ȻǺǿ˿𵽵̫ˡ
ҷ棬µĻˡ
ֺڳԺڵֶ̫ˡ
Լ¶ˣħתͷԼǾпܵġ
Լע㣬ܷסͷסŲסħµȥɳԿҷչҲ˽֮ˣ
ǣ棡
ˣ͵ˣ˭ᣬֻҪԼ˾ͺá
£ֻҪɵֻץĶѡ
ˣ˰дλҷµ̫ҽʿ
Ҳ˲٣ҷƴ
ͷֵƴĲ࣬ǹ˺Լǡ
Ȼ
˷ˮЧʱֳˡ

ħ˿ʼûףʱһˣҷԼ
Īɣǣ˺ҵһħҲˡ
ǣ治İֻҪ˺ûʯ˵Ŀܣ
ҷˮǾѰˡ
ˣҷ̫ɶˡ
Ψһûз鱦ħҧгݵ
ħɫ䣬֪
ˣɲ
ףħ
ħ˾ˣлһҪɱҷʲ¡
ˡżˡ
Կλ֮ͬǰܱҷһˮĴˡ
λͬԱ˽ȥ
ȥ󷨣ħ汻ʵĺŭֻôһȵ
˵꣬Ѿҡҡ׹˲䳷ȥˡ
ԭһά󷨵ҲˣֹĴ߶ѹ󷨣ܲģ
ʯΪμֵסǵ̫ˡ˭һòתתת𵤣λӺܶء
ѺʯͻƺҲûʱȹ̣㵱ΪΣǵҩã
ʦܣʦߣ
Ƴ˲䣬ʯһȡ
ֻĽӡ˲˹ȥ޲Ⱥ
ʣľҲԥ˲ʩչݷȥ
ʯˣѸӡȫ߶Ҳȥˡ
׷ˣ׷ϵġĵħ˼Ҫ׷˵
˵꣬ҷ棡



113 ı
ҷ磬ʲô
ŭħ˷ŭʵʵ࣬ħ˶ҷˡ
ҷȴΪ⣬ͷû˼类ˣʴ˵ǵеĽӡǷסģˣܿΣС
ҷ˵ĹûʣԼˮˡԱˣҵҵˣ㲻ں
ǻ֣ȻǼı£Ķó
Ȼ仰˵ҷµˣۺĿҷ磬ŷһ̾͸Ϊȥ
㣡ħԳԱˣƺҲĪı仯
᲻֪ǵ˺ֵͬܣʴ˱˼²ΪԳȥ󷨡
ħ˵ЩԼţñʾʱȴ
ҧһëչ˭Ҳûռô
ĩħ˵һ仰ȴ˵ĺ;ᡣ
ֻħ˵ҹˣԲưոݣֶκͨĳ˾иֻߴ֧֡ηǣǺǡǵľԻֹıҷôԼ£Ҫʱ̿ˣ˵˾ͻ͵Ϯ
ҷ˵仰˲С
ҷƺеˣԼĴ

ͷ
ӳʯˣһɽָúֲ˹
Ѻʯ֮ǰΪͻƶµľ粻ȣ˿̰Ÿ̫ĵҩֲ˹
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дɷҲ̫֮ӣεˣȻܵ˵ıȣҷħ˺ͶȲݡ
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ԼأʦΣʦʦóû뾹Ȼ˵衣
ʯ͸ԸôʵĵĲҪˡ
ʦ֣Ҫôʵ
ĶŵˣһŭˡҪǡɵʦͻƣʦðͻƣ˵˾Ҫˡ
Ҳзŭʱ򣬴ʦͻƿ˵ùȥǿһֱ۰СʦãȻҲѹ֮ͻˣͽӲ˼ˡ
Ҳ뱨ΪԼΪʦֵܣΪʦ
ôģʯʵ
ʦֵġ˻ش
ʯԵ˵ͷ޲ưոݣԲʦĽ̻壬Բҵȵĵġʮꡢꡢǧꡢʮ꣬һ٣ҵŬȡΪ˺ԲŹҷħ
󣬾ÿС
ʦˣҵȶݷԶǣʱ˳ҲҪǻڿ־УҲȫԱӵ˸ݡ
ֱʹɧֶΣҷħڿ־С
ǣȥʦľګľ˶ˡ
֪һûܹôί
Ҫ̫֪ҲȣССôޣҵĻӡ
λʦʦãһҵʱͿѸҵݣʦߡ
ʯˣѸ̫ͽģѺ̫û

˺ǧС
ƻɵĽš
棬ȥаûһⶼöˣĲȰ
ҷĴӪС
һҷޱżǧʱ䣬ǵѾ˺üˡ
´ʱҷĻ̡̻
֮ǰкܶɢޣڶ㶼˭ҼҷӪ
󱲣涥𡣡
ҷŭŭţһöûС
ļƻɹˣͨͶݷҷԼ³˴
׷ϴ򲻹ʲô취
ħôҷʵħ˵ʧΨһܸеƽĵطʴÿζʡ
棬ħ˵ҲһǸܣ̨Ƶģÿζʧ
ȷˡ
ħ˵ϳҲڷͬһĻ
Ԥϵˣֻû뵽ݣǺҵȲݰħε̾Ϣ
̨ƣޱȵơ
ˣǸôȥаһµʵ˵ȥ군
ħ˼һ˵ȥҷú̸̸ˡ



114 Ԩ
̫ɽ˼ꡣ
ѰƵر߱չ
һ˵ɽ̫Ѱء
ʼĵر˴˿ûһֵ̫ˡ
̫ˣɽжòƲܱ˵һ½ҲΪ
ôĵطƵر洦ɼ֪̫ջ
죬̫ɽһصϿУо˵صɷΪŨ
̫һ㣬һ׵Ԩ
ףѵδ̹ŵʮԼĵأ̫˼
һɷ̫Լ޽ɵǿԽ롣
ԼķӦûΣա
뵽ˣֻ̫ʮƷڽ£ͷŻӡ
̫ԾԨײȥ
䡭
Խ£ŨɷԽ֪̫оԼ˿¶ԻΣա
Σ̫ѾܶûܵˣԴ̫磬黹û˭
ţ嵮̹ŵ̹ŵ̹Ŵид̹֮֮ŴʮξѪδʮס
ԨɷŨɽŵκεطܳΪյأӦǴ̹Ŵİš⴦ԨײӦþ̹ŵ̹ŵϵɷֱմʮ׵ǺΡ
̫뵽ˣԨӦþ̹ŵ
ֻǻûʱ򣬹ʴ̹ŵԨȵʮٻԨײϷ
뷨̫Ҵ⡣
̹ŴմϱߵģûвΣյĵط
̫´˿̵ĵλģҪ˭ȣͺȵȷ
ҪǺ̹Ŵ񣬺ͻħȣƺ̫û˼ҳʱˮ׼
黯ξͻԪɣҲǺĽ׼ʥΪ
̫޵ûᣬԱֱ
ңüͿó鲢ûȫȻлġ
ܻҲܣҲСӡ
̫Ϊ޾ٵĴڣȻû˱׻Ŀ¡
˵޽ΪǿںΧĻˣ̫ûȥлơ
ǵطǲ޽ɿȥġ
ҲҪԪɲУе㰲ȫУҪлԪ޽ɲſɡ
ˣ̫һֱںģûܵȥá
˵ء
̫олħϢΧɷҲΪ̫Ľ
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ɷԽԽŨˣҪ̫ãܲͻᱻɷɡ
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Ҳֿµĸо̫Դ
˵أ̫ɷǱ˵𵽵Ч᲻
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̫֮ǰ컯ԭûʱԡ
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̫£壬ûµĵط
̫ǱҲı£ɷǿ壬ƿɷΪֶΣһΪѵõͨ
ףƾǿ󣬾͸սսսħеɷú಻ԡ
֪ɷ
ҪûԪ񣬲Ϻڴƿز壬
ˣ£
սսսħ壬ưԺġ
̹ŵϵζд޽ɵͣ丣Դ֪
̹ŵΪӪ¶ƻˡ
ǹԴĴΪС޷죬ԹŻǰ³ٲһ
ƽĶۣ̫ϲ壬ˡ
˲ǿ󣬻ǻֻۣɱ¾
̫֮ǰҪ˴磬˵۽һַʽճ
֮ǰ˵춨֮ѡڶͨߺѡġ
ΪūۣΪúƣΪ岻Žᡭȵԭ
ȺܳΪţҪǴܹⰲŵģ˭ţ
Ǻһ̣ĪҪǵӣ־Ի᲻һ
ţ̫ˡ
ЦȲЩˣĥһ˵
˺̫ȫۻԨղŵĵطɷ̫ǲĥ壬ǽ
ʴˣ̫ϷȥɷԳ֮ؿʼ



115 壡
˴ɷ֮ǿȣǿԳܡ
̫һɷԳ֮أгȴûԷ⣬ԿûӱԼ
˵̫ܺŻӡ
Ϊ񻰣ӾûСϿ칦µĻ֣Ӹš
˻
̫Ũɷ˺ѵĸо̫һ˻
ѾǴǿȵ壬ټ̫濿ǿݺ飬ҪԶ
̫ݵ£һȥⲫ
Ҳ̫御ǿ󣬵ʹõԭ
Ҳ֮ǰǴСϣðɢȴӲ
ⶫ̫أû֪ʱ̺ǿһ
Ҳû֪ǿҲ
ĺģĲ࣬һִлħ顣
ǿȵĺôͺñǵǰǻħڻһ
֮⣬ǳ֮壬ǳħ񴫳еġ
⣬޲Tħ塢߱ɱ壬֮ȵȣЩΪ˿̺עġ
һ˿˿ɷ̫ڣ̫忪ʼϵ
ĹУҲʼñǿȸԲ
⣡
ɷһȱ㣬Ǿʴ壬ʴԪ
ɷҶ֪ܺãû˸ҳԵԭ
ΪûԪ񣬹ʴǲɷʴԪ
̫ԪһԪɷû˿á
յĶˣ˵ɷ֮
̫̫̫һ
ΪдԪ̫ŸɷĸģûС
ʱš
̫ϵĻطǿȴӿʼĴ޺ڱ˴޳ڡ
û̫Ǵ޺ΪһųΪ˴޺ڡ
Ͼû̫ǿҲƽ֮
˿̵ɷǿԵġ
̫Ѵ޺ڵͨɷȻˣʱֻд޳ڵǿȡ
ԱȻ֣ᷢɷ壬Ĳܶࡣ
⻹̫֮ǰʱаɴԵʣס
Ҳܶ࣬ǰǻ֮壬һĺﲻΪһ̶Ⱥȥ
֮壬֮ᱦͺ֪һڹӣһ˫Ǵ֮֮
˺ɷ塢ڵ̫壬Լ֮ȵȡ
Щ嶼򵥣֮岻˵ˣ֮ѣҪ֮û˿˷ѵ˵ز֮塣
ɷҲ򵥣û˻ᣬϾʴԪ˭ֿܵġ
ڵ̫壬ڵı壬̫̫֮飬ȴûбڣʴ˲ܺͽһȽϡ
˿̣̫Ҳʶǿ屾Ǯ
ɷ壬ֻҪɷ̫ǿȽ᲻κ˲
̫Ӻܺã֮塣Ǿ仰֮Ԫ񣬳ֻá
һϧڲá
֮Ҳˣǵ˵ľ磬÷塣
ǡ
ʴˣֻ֮ͨǰľŲ̫ʱɷ
׶ǣڴﲻʱĵ
ʼСȴΰ̫·Ԫ塣

Ųϵɷ壬̫忪ʼϵǿ
֮ǰӺڵ˳ڣѾֻص˴ڵĵز
ﵽڵʱ̫һ£붨̫һ
ЦֻǴ޽ڵǿȣѾʤ֮ǰ޺ڵǿȣֻҪȥһԪܴﵽԲĲΡ
̫ľǴԲʴǿȫԴﵽԲĳ̶ȡ
޵Ҫ
޵ǰѵڴ֮Уʱǹͨ
ʴˣ֮ͨӵʱǿҲҪ
˿̵ĺĴܻûע̫׵ġ
ѾԲ磬˿̵ŬΪ˴޵
Ҫ֤޵ĥѣĥѣŻһĸ
ǵһҲҪԲԲԪҪǿֲȱ
ʱ򶥼ħŻע塣
ǻΪĥѶ׼
̫ҪĥѡУҲһλܵѣޱȵùᡣ
Сֵģ򵥡
ֻԪǿûǿ壬֮㹵ͨ
ɲǺǰ򵥡
̫֮ǰֻ뵽ǿȣҲû뵽ʹйء
ǿڵʱڤڤиӦˣϲ
ڤڤиӦˣ˵֤޵ҵˡ
Ȼϲ
֮ǰܾˣҲû뵽ɷڤڤиӦˡ
ԣ̫Բȥ
Բ֮ܶʱڣҵ֤޵ָ
޷ǾǸأ벻ָ
ղڤڤеĸӦָҲ˵߸
Ȼ޵֮˸ϲС


116 ϣ
ı
޻ʳһ䶯ĵ¼š
ֻ桢ֻء졢졢ˣԼʮߣǿڴ˶
û뵽λѣҲʶĵľģλ֮ҵȲĿ֮ǰҵλѾÿУ
޻ֻʵ
˵꣬Ųˡ
ۣܲ޻ʳѸͳһı
з֣ǿյλҲ׼
˺󣬱˴˶˶ԷĿģе⡣
򵥵ĽӴ˫߲ۼһ¡
̽˽ľ棿
ֻѺֻصĪֵܿЦɣҵóҲͰˣȻ˵ĶҵȣĶ࣬԰Ҳ԰ºĶλ˵Ⱥ
ԭ׼˱
Ѹײڶ֮±
Ϊˣܴ
޾ڱһǣʡ֮ǿղֵôǿգҲʡ
ȾָģǾͽкĴˡ
ҲǴԭѡμ档
ҪǴˣֽкá
ĻֻҲ֪ı޴Ӫ˵λ˺ı޻ʳδѵλҪһ֮ս𣿡
̾ϢĽֽֿкã˫սһǲ˭ӮˣкȽϵʵ𣿡
˵꣬˳Ĭˡ
ҲǲֵΪĵط
ı޴ڣԼ±ҲĬϡ
ôһ˵ˡ
ԭûԤϵһҲԺġ
֮ǰΪޱȵĺˣʴ˾һлǲŸºı
𣿲ģ޻ʳҲ㡣
ĬĲ죬ֻ漴˵޻ʳֻ֤ҪλѺºıֻҪ޻ʳһλѹռĶ
ֻصĻһݣŤת˲˵뷨
ʵҲûİ취
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ѾĶˣƺ뵽˺Ķĸģ԰дλֵΪΣ
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ֻҪã˵ΪһѸȥʱͿ̫ˡ
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޽ķУԺˡ
ҾÿУֻҪ޻ʳҵòĶԿһ룬ֻҪһĺĶҵȽǿ켱͵Ĵ
˵꣬ƺĵǡ
һ룺ǰһĶֻҪһ룬֮һҲа
ԣҲæ磬˵ĶԣֻҪһǾ׬ˡ޻ʳڣռôģĳ׵㣬Ҳ˼סҵȵ֡˺սʱҲĻر
ֵܵĻϲԱÿС
ֻ˼˾棬óˡ
洫ѣ³ӣ
ֻҲػǰû뵽ֵˡǵȷṥռĶϷ붼ҪռΪǵĿġǣʱͲ˵ˣ¶Դģ˵ġ
ˣ˵ĵȷģʱɾͲ˵ˡ氵дЦ
̶õ˲Դϲ
ֻλѣֵܴӦˡȺ±˺򶫷
һ˵ֻ꣬ضһЦ
ˣֻҪλ¶֮أѸٽӴʱλ֮˶ͨ죬³̫Ҳָտɴ

һ˵̲꣬סЦˣȷˣ̫һ𡣡
һֻؼ룬û뵽Ҳ̫ìܡ
ŶλҲ̫жԹֱֻĳƺֵе֪ĸо
ֻʵǿա
Ųֻˡ
ЦλѲΪѣҲƤ˭˵̫Ķ֣ǣλҲ֪ʳһ£̫ҲҵƤ
ֵȻ˵˾֪ˣ֪ܲ
йͬĵˣͺðˣһ𣬶ܴɱ̫ʱһжǵġ
ƺ͵һʼ̫ˡ
ǲ֪
˺ˣ˴ԣŷˡ
̶󹥴ı



117 ޼
ıط˵صĻ޵ԭ򣬵±طҪ˺ܶࡣ
´һϡ٣޼潨޼ʳ潨ʳˡ
ȻһܣŲ棬ҲĶܣʵںǰʮλ
ǲ̫ƣֻ
ڱ桢ѩŮ񡢱ǵ˵ȵȣǿʵǿȴͬͷؽʵ
ͷĺǿȴû
ʴˣ˵ļƻС
޻ʳΪǿ޼ʳֵȴ档
·кܶô
һԸףúı֮ǰѾʤ
վǲһģҲµ˫ִ㣬ٵ³ޡ
ֿ
޵ʵǿ󣬲˵ֻأ˵ʮߣ軡桢硢סޣ̫Բľ硣
ֻһǴ޽ɵĲΡ軡桢ߣѾǴ޳ڵΪˡ
Բ˵޻ʳʵΪǿ
ֻذаʴ˗軡ͻͿճˡ
Ҳ棬ɱ棬ҲҪ

ںúƽһ졣
޼Ĵ
ףĪļ£ˣ޼棬ɷǡòš
ֳ޼һɫ޼ݿ£лһơ
޼мƷ鱦ĲΣ޼ݿºƶƷ鱦
ó
вƣǼΪǿ
޼ɻʱ
Ȼ
ֻհըײ
޼ʳһأǱĻڸһֺĸо

䣡
ֻ˺һ㣬һ޴Ŀƿˡ
޼ļµķ֣ⲻǺıԤףԼĻʳ˲󷨡
ڴɫʼ诣ѿĿӲϵʱһֳɻǹ̤һڰĻˡ
棡
ã
˵޼ʳˡ
ĸţһ鱦ǿޱȡ
еɻǹ˼Ʒ鱦ΪΣڸǴ˷صĺڰĻǶ鱦
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鶼֪˿⣬оŴ
ǻ治֪Ǿż
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´˿̣ɽ߱ǹȻûкһעˡ
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Ϊ壬ΪΪֶΣ֪֮
̫Ԥƣ̫ǿ󣬱˺ƿء
ûԲǰҲǺûϵǰسʽǿƿغġ

棬޼ʳ𣿡
޼澡ܺ𾪣ȻнңϣĻشǣ
ʱ޼֪ԼӮˡ
ص̫ˣö˵˶֪
Ȼ޼Ҫֻ֪ػڰл̵ֻĻ˵
һХ޼㻹Ϳվ޵ĺģȶ̹ŵĳޣ׵ġǵһ˺Ľ޵Ŀ£Ⱥ飬ֻҵȵʳ
޼һЦ״ʱĥѣû뵽ĥѾȻ֮졣飬չǵıԵǾսɣ
šսɡֳڣ޼޼ʳȺֻܴһҪǷŶһ·ϣǲ˵ģսɣ

ʼûŹǣ޼ɣñʿ㡣
仰޼ʳܶĽҡ
ս
𣡡
ã޼ʳġս޵ĺֻܻһ
䣡
޼棬չһˣһâڰĻȥϣƿĺĻ
ƿˣһ˿ܵϣƲǾûһ˿ϣˡ
ڰĻУ˿̵Ĵսǲ֪ġ
ֻɽâĹúڰĻһΣƺҪƿĸо
ֵǣ澹Ȼܲʡ
ʵˣصֻسˣֻ̹âʢ˲ס˺ڰĻ
޼ˣ֪ϣˡ
ʴˣ˵ȥ
ʱ
Ĺҵƿʼ
޼Ľ֣ǵҲʼսһ
ֻɱϣ޾޴ı໥Ӧ
޾ĹȴֱڰĻ赲ֻùڴ˷ء
һսã
սľʱֻѪɺӡɽ顢޾ޡ
Ϳݵƾ޼棬ɨһ£ԼѾһ˴
һĪıߣһ



118 ɨ
ĵսǲпġ
һ޼ʳĸȥֹ
˵޼ʳһ嶼ܣսԶ̫һһʳ򵥵ġ
;ƿݵ޼Աع鱾Դó̡
ħûй͵ģ޼֮ǰ桢һѡԱ
¡¡ء
޼ԱʱʶȤĳȥ˺ڰĻͬ޼ıԴʧ
ȸŵħֻأǵȥܳɾͽһЩ
ɾΪɽıԴǱ˺Ů洵õ
ʧ޼ʳ
澡ܺƣ˵ˣе˷ڲزסġ

һ֣ʣѸ뿪˴˵ء
ͬʱ
ڱ֮أҲ
ʳ棬ûõóֵ
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Ϊ˷ܣûʳ
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λѣΪŰǵ³Ҳòȥ
Բ
ܵûˣǳӡĲǿģҲ̫Թѡ
һХǵ³òãǵܿģѻ·ɡ
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û⣬Ŭʳ޼ʳһˡ
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һ
軡桢һ˺Ů
ΪΪŮħϹ֮£ԱΨһѡ

ⳡѸײڶ֮Ƶĺɨƻʵˡ
֪ʱһѾռı
ûбıڵ֪Ϣ˲ɢ
޵ĸеѹ

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桢ֻءһμϺѾƽ˱
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ѡ
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ռһеоǺ˷ܣص˺ܾ֮ǰϺɨǿʱһ
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ĵġ
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⣬ѾеԵõıӻ
ֻ꣬Ц²ҵȸպɨǵһʧСοϢȥıض𶯣ڲǴݾߵʱҵȴһʱ䣬ƽˣҲȺĴǷ½䱸˵
ֻһ˵ֵֻ꣬ɫܲÿλѲżҵ´ˣƭλѲɣĪĪڽһʱ䣬һʱĵ޻Ἧڱʱʵǿ
˵ֵ꣬һҲǡ
ڤڤԤòƲͷһʱ벻ﲻԡ
˵ģԶˣֻҲҷܡ
ˮĸо
࣬ƺΨʱˡ
ʱԺһδߴʱѾ֪˱޼ʳʳȵϢ
ϵʱˣ鹫ϵͽ
޶ûޣǶȴǺ޵˼㡣
˺ǿ϶ģνͽӡˣ˺ޡ
صǿ΢ǵֵܣüչ
磬ʧ߰ʧ߰޵
֪ʧˣ˵ֻüᶨûʧߣҲãһǺްһˣ֮ǰܶհǰ˺ûˣֻҪõˣֻҪΪºͺΪΣĴǿΪģܴ˺ĪҪ˵Ȼˣû·Ҳˡ
ǡ
ûпǣȷ˿ӣӲģȻǴӦǺĶǾʹһģǵĲҪˣҲΪˡ޷ʱѣȣ
֪еĲȣֻѪֶס
Ͱһôͳ˹Уĺǲȥˣȴֵָܣ
Ȼǲ֪һսʼϲĺû취ֵָֻ˭Сأ
˿̵ĺӣıƺ˸Ǻܶ࣬Ȼ˾ˡ


119 㣡

ٵħ˾;ͷۡ
ЩʱֻܿţµãֻҪܻܵʯ˵Ľɱ
ѾǺܶˡ
֮ǰʼʱħҲŬв˺ֻ֣Ҫʯ˸ҳ֣ҷ
Ǵεļƻ˵ܳɹҲ˵ʧܡ
ɹʯ˳˿Ҳˣʧܵǣûдɱеһˡ
ֶ̫ˣа취ѣħ˺ҷ಻ԡ
Ǵ֮󣬺ܳʱûܵ
Ϊȥˣ˺ˣּٵˡ
ħεĵɣ
ûħʵǸˣ͵Ϯǵˣ
˵ˣħͷŭ֮ǰʮڱɱɱˣܵˣʣµ²ˡ
֪ʯЩıݡ
һ㶣ҡͷˣ˽ɱ֮£¡
Ŷħִٵĸо֪ʲôʱ򣬷ǡʯ˽ɱˡܽˡ
ʵ
µˣһϢı޼ʳʳѩʳˣ޼
ʲô»û꣬ħͺվ
˵ħʧ̬ˣ漴ס档
ǣֵ޼桢棬ѩŮȴҲˣ޼ʳһʳͺѩʳΪ˳
һ˵֮꣬˶𾪣ħʱ䣬Ҳһ¡
˳Ĭ˺ܾã
˭ģ
ħ˱סˣ޼޻ʳ󣬵һʳ棬ˡ
ԼʲôĴȫûˣ
ôܣ
ˣ޻ʳǿղ졢졢ģɨ˺ı
⣡
ħˣ˸Ӵŵôˡ
˵ˣ쾹ȻޣѵΪ
Ϣɿǲŵħʵ˶˶¡
ˣѾˣԿɿĨ˰亹ĵ˵
ȥɣ
ħչ˻֣뿪ˡ
ҪһԼģе߸
Ȼ
о߸ĲĶˡ
Ķ
޼ѣȻĶ֡ʳ棬֪Ϣһ𺳣ƴһҪ𣿿ɺޣģϲɺǿֵܾȻΪŰֱ
޼Ǻѡ
һڱһڶȻûˣҲͳ̸ĺѡ
Ľ˺Ҫ໥֮۵ҲҪ
޼۵ѡ

ֻܴһˣҪչҪģָϵҲҪȥˣϵ֮ĥѾȻǣֻأָóԲϵ֮ĥѾȻֻأǺν⣿
ɽеĺ棬ͷŲȱ컯
ݺģԲֻءϵȣֻϸ΢Ӧȴ֪Σ
ɽϺ֮ȴݵˣұضҪС
ʴˣһγˡ

޺ɨϢ˵̫һɱһʳҪ䶯
ǿΪŰеŭ
Ŵӱ鲻˶ޡĺ޸ˡ
Ұ޼ʳһҴ棬ʮȫ𡣡
һ˸̾˵
һ˵Ҫˡ֪ʱⶫҲᱩ¶ɱս֮£ҵҲ֪δ
أΨһľϺˣ̫Ϻû˸ȥҡҲǲҡ
ҲԡѣҪȥϺһУ
⻰˵꣬ǰһÿС
ƣ
Ϻܶ࣬Ϊߣϲ޾ɢޣϲ
֮ǰãսӰٺǾϺΨһˡ
̫ߵ飬Ϣ̫⣬Ŀеĵ޵еģ˭ȥϺҰ
ʴˣǾܺ𾪺ĵĲпᣬҲоԼޱȵˡ
⡭
Ǵɢ޵ȣеѹ𾪡
塢塢ȺҲе˲
ͬʱʼչصıչأΪܷĽ׼

ħ˿Ĭ˺þãŽʵ
֮ǰԼʯ˱ȵܣԱ޼ʳĸоԼ˵ġ
ҺԼǵĵ˲ǿֻ͵Ϯ
Ҫúδ

һħһᡣ
ôˣħɫܲÿʡ
ˣǡǣҷˡ
ʲô



120 ʦˣ
ʦãʦܣô
վҷʳǰĿ꣬ҷʳѾΪƽء
˽С֮⣬ҷʳʣѱʯ˾
˽һԪŬһĿꡣ
һĿ꽫ħ˵
һԪȷѪ꣬ʯ˵Ϊ
ʯѾ̫ҽɺڵľ磬Ϊﵽ̫۷壬ֻһαչǱ޾Ϳͻо硣
ľͬͻƣ֮ǰһΣľͻƵ̫ڵΪܾ绹̫ڣûʯﵽڡ
ľ˲Ǽ򵥵̫ھ磬ԲֻЩ΢ܴﵽ̫ҽɺڵľ硣ħ˵һͨܴﵽڵľ硣
ͬˣȹ̫ڣΪ̫ҳ۷壬ҪͻڵΪҲѡ
⣬ӺһҲ̫ھ磬̫ҳ۷Ϊ
ӣͻûãֻȹΪ;ѡ
ȹ̺Ϊ磬֮ǰͻƵʱ̫ҽɳ۷壬Ϊȹ̫ҳڡ
ȻջĻǵģȹ̵ĵĲջ
ʦ֣û£ֻҪһʱͿɣСʦõԴʹʦͼǿҷԱҲá
鱦ķҷԱһ˹Ȫϣˡ
ǺǣǾͺáʯ˿ղһĻΣգͶ·ҷԱˡ
ʯһֱף˿̶˵Ц⣬˵ҷҵԱʦСʦõʮԴǿ󣬵ʦĺһܷסߣƿֱ롣
˵ȷѵʮԴ顣
ʮԴ鹦ЧͶƣȻ಻㡣ס̫ҽɺҷԱǿԵġ
˵ʯͼһǿķ
ʯˣҷڰҷɱˡ
һԪĲݣʵˡ
˵ز˾뿪˵ţ˵⻰ľȻӡ
ʦǶͬĵ˵ͷ
ѹһͨ뿪ҷĵ̡
ѹԴⱾ£Բļ̳̫ĺܳס
˴һսջҷ鱦

ӵĶ˵ؾ˶ľסѾôΪͬ
ɽŨӳͩлǧҶңлƾա
̫絼£˺ϲ羰֮أ㣬ҲҪ羰
ɽɽԤʾ֮⡣
ҷûôʦͼ컯ӡΪʱòģǿһ¡
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⴦ⶥ鱦ʯ֮Ŀɼһ㣬ҷֻǿﵽ鱦ĲΣģΪĲࡣ
ʦԴ飬ɹɷ컯ԹСҲò˵
Ҳǣʦ컯¿Էˮ˫ҲòλʦֿŰɡҲʾá
ľͬˣòʦ̨ұΪ⹥鱦ò
תһȦʺϵľˡ
̫Ͻ£˷鱦컯Ҳ˷鱦
Ψȱٹ鱦ΪΪûй鱦һʱڣ𵽴á
ʦ컯ӡǽһǿľʦ̨ɹɷҲλʦʦ۰鱦Ҳ
Ψǿֶȱ١
ʴˣ֪λʦʦõ뷨Ҳ˵лʦʦˣҷҾˡ
û˵ʲôڵõ鱦ҲҪ˵ȷϻͬ㣬˵̫෴⡣
иһѵʦûҪΪһǿﵽ鱦ε鱦롣
ǺǣˡʯЦ
ʦ˺ΪʦֵʯοûʦС
ʯ֪ԼܡʯͷҲϲ˵ʯԼλʦʦõĹذǲٵġ
⣬ǻջһƷ鱦ǿ㹥ģľȡˡ
һҲ˹ֶΡ
ڱԴǴʱ̫ʱ򽻸̫
Щĵر̫вõȥ
ܰЩĵرõ
ˣЩԼ˵Ĳ㡣
󷨡ȣֻںвףⶼǷҲ֮
Ǿ̫һҪ򣬲ﵽ⣬֮ˣҪʦһɶᡣ
Щĵرÿ֣ĽʦԼ֡
һۺҪһˡ
Ǿħˣ
ֻһ룬ħûôԵÿ࣬ɲưոݵġ
˺һ飬ɱħˡ
ƺֻҪħˣҲ˽¡
ʴˣ̫ѺȻôˣ֪ʦôˡ
˵꣬Ҳ̫ҽɵĸˣȻˡ
ѱŽ޳ҭ㣬ʦˣ̫ˡ
仰˳Ĭˣ



121 ̹Ԫ
̫Ĳأ
ɽĳԨУ
̫һѾﵽ˴޺ڵΪֻҪȥþܴﵽԲĳ̶ȡ
̫ɷḶ́еĺ˳ɷϵǿȣѾﵽ˴޺ڡ
֮ǰҲǴ޺ڵ壬ʹ˿̱ȴرĲࡣ
⣬ջ
ɷͬʱɷһ̫Ԫ񣬵̫ԪԪԵʡ
ûɷʴԪ񣬷ɷֻ֮Ҫ̫ϵɷʹɷΪֶΡ
׵Ԩ̫ﵽ޺ں̫е㱥͵ĸо
ʴˣܱչؼˣҪһ¡
ͬʱʼߣԨĵײǲԼԤƵ̹ŵ
ںĵϢ̫ʱ֪
ɷڴ˴ݲġ
̫ߣɷԽԽŨ
ˣҲˣΪ˷ֹ⣬̫ó˿ҵֶΡ
²Ϸнǧʱ򣬺Ȼ䡭
䣡һֻһɫĹâ̫Ϯ
ʲô
̫һҲҴ⣬еʱ˲һɨһɫɫâȥ
¡
첻ϣɫâƲۣ൱ǿ
̫ӸղŵǵеóдԲεʵ
ҿԼҪһˣղǹѾˡ
̫ɻʱʱ
һ
˭ôϤĸо
˲̫ãˣ̫Ϥˡ
㡭̹ŵѣ̫ʵ
򣬸ղ̹ŵ̫̹Ŵ࣬ó
̹ȴڣ˵ģǶеģһģһ
˵ÿħ񣬶жǵ
꣬ϵң˭Դͷˣֻһɫ˹
ǴӴϴġ
̫֪ǡ
̹Ŵɱĵһħ񣬻ȪħĻȪ졣
ȪͻȪħѾˣ˿ֻмƷ鱦ĲΡ
̹Ŵͻħս֮Ȫħһʾ
ʱ̹ŴΪʴȫһһ˻Ȫħ
ʱ̹ŴΪ˽һ˿ԪĻȪϣΪԤûĻٵȪħ񣬵ĻȪħвлڻȪڡ
ȻԤϵģȪ൱ĽƻüԤ㵽Σ
ʴˣûӵĵһ̹ŴʵΪ˱һ˿л꣬ΪʱħԻЦȪħɵӡ
ô
Ľǣǧħһ档
ʱĻȪԤƵˣҲðղһѡ
ٽƻĺ꣬Ҳ㲻ˡ
û뵽Լһ˿лĻȪ󣬱ΪԼԶĽ֡
κΣ̹Ŵ컯ȡԪ飬컯͸˷ӦԪ鲻ȫ
̹Ŵֳһ˿ԪȪħԭ
˺̹ŴֳԪ˲дĻȪħ
֮ƷĻȪ죬ͳ̹Ŵһ˿ԪĴڡ
̹Ŵ໯Ϊ̹ŵ˵Ψһı
һ˿ԪĻȪ죬̹ŵһֱڴѹɷػ
ҲǸղŻȪ칥̫ԭҲ̹Ŵ̫еϤԭ
̹ŴɱȪħʱʱ̫ڻˣûиϵսĵص㡣
ʱ̹ŴҲ֪Ĵڡ
̹Ŵͻħսʱ̫âʱĴռˡ
̹ŴҲ֪̫˵ʱ̫̹Ŵһ̸
ʴˣһ˿Ԫǲ֪̫ġ
ֻǸоͬһУ̫˭

ѣ̫˵
Ȼ
̫˵ǻȪ쾹ȻĲ
ôܣǻȪ첻ŵʵ
̫֪ԽʱԽżһżֻҡ
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̹ԪҲû˵ģеĸо
ᵱʱɱ˻Ȫħ񣬷Ԫ鲻ȫ
̹ŲлĽ̫ˡ
һ󣬰Լ֪ĻսԼ̹Ųл˵һ顣
˵ֻ̹꣬ŲлĲ࣬ЩҲ
лûһ˿ĸ˻߱ˣƺӿ쵽Ԥϵˡ
˵ĲϽ̸˶ˡ
ãһʱ䣬лҲع鱾Դˣã
̫ʵкηԸһ쵽
̹ŲлҲûʲô£һ˿лϣѱʵʱ˾Ϳɡ
̫һ㶡
̹Ԫ񰡣ֻһ˿˻ȪħĲлȲֵСﰡ
ѣҽ˭̫ʵ
Ҳ֪ܸоǶԵġ̹ŲлҲ֪
仰˵꣬˳Ĭˡ
Ԫᴴ֮˻Ȫ֮ܲһ㣬ϣѽأأ
̹Ųл˼һ̫˵
˵̫꣬һ£ƺˡ
Ȫѵ
ûףֻ̹Ųл鷳ˡ
Ȼһף˵̹ŲлļɢˣҲ˵һ˿̹żʧˡ
̫Ѿľˡ
̹Ŵûһ˿̫ˡ
̫̾˿ѹѣ˵߾ߣѿ֪ǵڶˣ

̫ΣΪһ̾Ϣ


122 ̹ŵ
Ȫ죬̫Ԫ̽У̹Ԫȡ˳˺ŵ˾
ûмհ׵ԪҲ̹Ŵһ飬дԪͻΪˡ
дԪУһǴǻȪ
̫ƣ̹Ŵ˵Ӧýã˾Ųʮδġ
ûԪģʴֻصʱСҳɾʹҡ˺Ĳƽĵƽ
Σƺһֽˡ
ֻҪ̫ԪǺȫԪ񣬸նʬһûҪˡ
Ҳѡ
̹žѪ˴ۣʴֻأԪȻҪ֮塣
֮ǰöˡ
û̫Ļ̹ԪữΪޣȻò
𣬱̫ˣ޿ܡ
̫̽һȪ죬ȡ̹Ԫ󣬱Ʒε鱦Ȼ˶鱦һΡ
ʮߵƣͼƷ鱦һ㣬Ƕ鱦ġ
ҺлȪ⣬̫ͨ죬Ȫ
ǲ𣿡ֹ̫
˵棬û뵽̹ŵһ졣
˿̾ˣźǣֳ׵ķֱˡ

˵ز˴֮ء
̫ĵģûпĽ֡
һ̫Ԩײȥ
ת˲̫꣬˵ײ
ľΪ׳ֻۣɷ©һһΰĴա
ƺĳѾꡣ
ΰĴ̹ŵ̹
ɫ˿ʱմ֮ۡ
ѹӴ˷ȥ̫˵ѹǴ˵Ũɷ̫һġ
̫ռ̹ŵԭûж̹̹ŵп
ֵǣ̫Ŀ̹ŵʱֻѹƺСˡ
̫ͬһεɽһ̹ŵоϤϢѹɢȥˣһ
̫˿ղѹ̫Գܡ
̹ŵɢȥѹ̫˺ܶࡣ
̫߽̹ŵ
󣬺ȻһϤĸоֻ̹ŵڿޱȣǧħ֮ϵ
ÿһħƺһһ۶ܸܵɡ
һĻе𺳵̫
ֹ̫̹ŴȻǱѰǺûԪֻ壿򣬵ǿǧħ񣬶ĳɾ͡
̫֣ÿһлħķϡصĶҪʵ
Ͼ̹Ŵ֮ǰӵй컯ģ˵̹Ŵǧħ񽻹֣ǧħĸ¡
ʴˣǧħϤĵ̹Ŵ
̹ŵڵǧħֻҪųһȥĵĴս
ҿ̹Ŵ֪֮ڵľɣָЩ̫ˡ
̫̾
뵽ˣ̫Ϊʮ׸еֵʮûԪǧħҲȻ
޷ͨЩѡҲͨ壬Ǹ򣬻ħ巨˫޵ġ
Ҳͽˣʮ׸з֮ԭ򣬿ռ۽ʱȡ
Ӧ̹ŵľѪڴ˻УͨħĵϣӶ˲ͬķ֮
Щ񣬲Ԫʿ߾䣬Ҳʿ߾䡣
̫֮ǰڻУйЩħķӡ̣ȫ档
̫ˡ
ֻҪǧħĵϣԼġע֮ǰ߼׵ĳƺ̫Ԫ飬ΪʵǱԴǴ޵
ǡ
̫е㲻ˣ
ңң޵ӣ
̫Ҫ۵һʿҪѵöࡣ
˿̼ǧʱ̫֪Լ޵ˡ
ֻҪǧħ񣬶ԼĲԪУ˺ܲϲǧħĵϡ
߷һз֮Դǧħ̫ɴ޵Զˡ
ʴˣ̫˷һ
ʼ߶ԪбԴǧħĵϡ
̼¼Ǹ򣬹ʴҪʱ١
һһ̫ǧʱ䣬̹ŵڵǧħ
ջ̫ˡ
ǧ̣ǧӡִ֤ܳ
ǧħĵϱ̫ɺ̫ıԴϣ֮ǰֻл̣֮ϸСĻ߷̡
ڲһˣǧȫˡȻֻˡ
ñÿһ飬ֻ̫˵ǧˣȫ͸ǧȴҪʱˡ
Ȼ̫Ҫȫ͸ǧ飬ֻҪԼõľС
ǧã̫ͲɵȻȫˣѵȱҵֻԼҪģ
˵ˣ˿òò
̫룬ֻҪԼһ̶ȣԼҲԵ̳ⷨϳֵĵ
Ҫǧħòߣ̫̫硣
ֻҪǧ̫磬˭ԸķҵӦħ


123 սף
һԴеǧħϣ̫ĵ˵ͷ
ִ˴ջ̫ˣƺÿμ̹йصģԼջ
̹Ŵ𾴣̫ˡ
˺̫Խǧħ񣬼̹ŵȥ
һźڹѪغâתƲĵطȴ̹ŵۡ
̫̲סһ˺üּ̫컯Ƭһݡ
ȷ˴ѪصĸԴ
Ȼ̹ŵ޾ɷ۳ɵѪأɷҺ
ԨУԴԴϵɷ̹ŵɣɺɷһѪء
Ѫ̹ŵĸڣԨеɷ֮ԱԨУģΪѪպѹ
ˣ̫һֻ֣һصƿˡ
ƿ̫ϸһ
ѪУаʮ춼ɷеʮŷźɫѪš
̫˲ˡ
ǽʮף
һμΪĺ˵ֻһžѪ̫еп
̫뵽ѾǵڰˣϵĻУһ٣ʮžѪᵮǣҲǴ˺ʮס
̫۲һ֣ʮžѪʵһСһĵҲͬ
һţȥƺϣǽҪǵס
ָ̫һ㣬ľѪĪǽĵ۽ף
˵̫꣬˳Ĭ
ƺ
ıһΣ۽µ壬ֻʣڤסֻأֻʣ켸ˣ˵ͷĲС
ֵ̫ȻͷĲУǾͻһͷģͲʱǻ۾ˣ˴磬ؽֲһɣ
̫ˣ岻ԭˣҪǻ硣
̫ϲսսվħ壬ǲǼ̳̹Ŵ񽾰
µ壬̫ϲ塣
岻ϲǣ֮ǰ̫˴磬֪
ҲϲģʼǰҰĴܣһûá

̫;˼ɣǰȥսɡ
뵽ˡ
ֻ̫ʱ̳УһľѪҲǽĵ۽̫һ̻һǾѪ
˺̫ѵ۽ѪԴѸ뵽ľѪԴУ󣬻гһˮıԴѪϡ
ʱ
ֻıԴѪѸŵ۽ľѪԴ⾻ˮЧҲá
ˮûǵıԴЧǿ֮ǰɾ֪ˡ
ʴ˵۽Ѫ;ˮʼ仯
صϻתɣƺҪһ㡣
۽ľѪԴ̫һֺеήҲӣǵɵһǵĴˣֻСˡ
Щ̫ĵ˵ͷ׵˻ô
ʵ̫֪
˰Ҳ̹ŵ߲˵ˡ
̫˵ʱ̹ŵڤڤеǾͷһС
ֻǶ̫׽ΪǣںС֣ʴû赲Ҳûа̫ˡ
̹Ŵ̫СȻʮ֮Ѫˡ
̫֪飬˵Σա
̫ɺֿ˿ʮžѪ
֮۵ӦףڣӦǹӦǡţӦֻغ
̫Ԫ̽ʮžѪķϣʮžѪĸš
̫̽⵽ʱ˲˼һ¡
̹ŴԪ񣬶ԪƺΪġ
̫ڿǣҪҪھͰ̹ԪľѪȥ
һ̫ˣѾıˣ֪費ҪδҲ֪᲻ı䡣̹Ԫ񣬵Ƚ󿴿˵
ı׵Ȼвһı仯
ں᲻ԭ̫ʱ˵Ȳ̹Ԫ
ֻǣԪ񲻴ܸı䡣
д󰮣ԭʮСãʴʮú۰
𣿺ӦòСˣӦһʮܣ
̫룬Ϊĺֳذ£
󰮡ǺԸ񣬵Ըעһεĺǰˡ󰮵ԸվʺϺĲпĻһλ᲻ˣʵҲ
̫Ұοĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ̫뵽ʲôһĺһڸ߰Ůɣ
̫е£
ˣˣбڣܳƿزɣ
̫оˣ뵽ûڵĺľ棬ڵĺģ±ԼҲܾȻ
˵Ϊø⾫أ



124 ˣ
̫һУʼϸ۲̹ŵ
һ֮أ̫鱦ڣÿһɣ˵Ʒʺʹá
ĸݣδչδ׵ľȣδ׿丸
ȵȻкָܶźǣ
̫ٻȴûгɹһαܾ
̫ƺˣȻܴ󣬵ͬ鱦ʺϺʹá
¿츫ĸݣһ̫ð
̫ҲÿԼ鱦ˣòҲ޷
˺̫˽꣬Ű̹ŵһ飬˿ʼǧħջܴ󣬱Ҳûõ
һ̹ŵ̫ˣջ񹻶ˡ
̹߳ŵĥ͸֮ǰ履Ͷ޷յɷڿˡ
̫гԨϷȥ
ѡһʺϵĵط̫ʼ˼ɷ֮á
һתꡭ

ʯˡӡľ˵ˣ˶ͻָڿʼħ֮С
ҷ汻ɱħ˾Уѣ뱣סԼС
Ѿ˷˵ó̡
ȻˣѹԵʣܾΪþڲǰͻΪ
̫ҽɺڵΪ˿̴ﵽ̫ҽԲΪ
ħĴǣںԲҪ
˿̵Ӳʯˣ·ɱʯˣԼ԰ȫ
ģħѾڴˡ
ڴɱʯˣϣ˿Լʵ˳ֹǣѺûγޡ
±ϵĻҲã԰һʱ䣬ֻҪһʱ䣬ħԼʯˡ

ħˣ
ħ˱չعΪʱһȴ
ͬʱħˣʯˡ

δ˵ЦǱ׼ϼ޻ı֣ħ˾ˡ
λѣƶضʱˡ
ʯԤڵĲһħһƵģһء
ֻʯ˵ֲ޿֣ԭΪͻˣߣ
ħЦ֪λѡȻλҲ֪ˣҵȺβζԹ
ħֵλЩΪҲ˰ɣҷһ֮ǰϷλģҲҷѵľ˵ʵƶҲ
ܽһûһ˵ġ
ħ˾ͺܺˣĵ֮Ȼó衣
ߣĪҪ˵
ͲϲµʯʱŭˡϲԾǶԣԾͲԣܶ־ͱɡ
ħ˵һۣŭˡ
ħҲˣ룺԰ôӦѵ֪ˣ֪ƶϵҷ磬֮ǰҲ֪ƶŵģ

Ȼ˵棬Ǿ˵¼аɡħ˺ȵ
ײľͿʼˣ
ʯЩҲ˷ѵģȻΪûж綼Һȹ̡
˴һˣħ̫ԲĲΣҲһʱսƽ֡
ħǴΪ޺̫Ρ
ͬΪ̫ңԲʯ˼ֶκͨҲħˡ
һʱ䣬˫Ĵսҡ
оˡ
˾ҷʳ𣿹Ȼ鱦ܶࡣй۲˵صĴ˵
Ǻǣħ˾Ȼͻˣһ˭¶ԷȤȤ
ֶͨΣ˱ضдܱ֧֣ûͣ

ʯħԼҷĳޣô֪ˡ
û˲֣ƺйǡ
ʯ˱ˣϾô鱦ֶΣԲΪֻ̫ڵӵеġ
˵ʯ˻ǵ˵㣬ҪǺܶ˹Ǳˣʯ˲ɵķͱ
սȺˣذͨ鱦ļӳ֣һض⵽˾ҵƻ
ʱ
ˣ
ȻһصƺĪܣȻħʯ˲Լͣסˡ
СҪʲôʱ徲ôĵӡ
ֻһڵľƮ˹Ӻδȴû˷֡
֮ͨΪʱΧսĴһ
֪ǰǺˣħ浨ʵ
ǣ
ûлػǾȴһ˶ƺһ㣬ȻܵûС
ʱֻ˺ǰҵȲԣ뿴ʦ̫ϣǰ֮ŭ
仰˵ꡭ
ƺʱΪ֮һ٣ΧĴܶɵˡ
ħˣ仰ҲŲŵ۾ͣƵĿʯˡ



125 룡
ŶȤ
ֻԶʯٿʱֻһ£ͷϷѾǰ
ǣ޲Tǰ
عħˣŵʵ
ԼѾԺˣ˵̫ĵӣһֳˣ
ʯ˵𾪲ħСô꣬ںô꣬Ȼħ޲T
޲TǽɣȻܵ͵η˺ܶࡣ
ֻ޲Tˣˣ̫ѵӻҪġ
˵꣬תͷħˣ˵㣬ȥɣ
ħ󣬱ΪԼ뿪û뵽ǣ޲TȻһ䣬һħϮ
ħ
һ
̫ҽԲħֿûеֻֿ޲Tһоڻħˡ
ħҲħޣħ޲T˵رĲ࣬˵޲TǴ޽۷Ϊ
߰ɣҪƻ
ֻ޲T˵һ䡣
ţɥĲ޲TȻϲƻϳ
ǣǰ
˵Ҳͣ˲ʧˡ
Զȥˣ޲TЦȤȤû뵽̫ĵӶ̫ҽɵΪˡרǰҲ£Щ˲š
̫֪ǣʮħʹΪĵӶֵģ
޺ɨԽԽǿˣҺĶԾԽԽΣˡֻ޲TֹվҪ̭ģкξ壬ɱġ
ĵĴ¼ɨġ
Ϊ֮е޲TȻܵġ
ʴˣʯħ˵սķ޲TŭˣΪԴɱ⼸λС
û뵽ѺҲģȻ̫ͽܡ
޲T̫ûкøУ˵Ըµġ޲TͬǸˣҲ̫
Ϊ̫ˣΪ޵ĺɨѵŵޣ
ȥôˣƺ̫ͺûж޲Tܿա
˳ˮ㣬ܴɱãɱҲҪ޻ʳԸ
ȥչ鲻У޵ȥϡ޲T뵽
ߣٵһʱ䣬Ĵܻûж˵ñҪȥʶһĵˡ
뵽޲T¶˾ġ
˵ȵȲ
һһ˵Ȳˡ
߳ɽĺ棬һʱֻء˼
һɽͷ˴붨ԭϵ֮٣޻ֻأѰˣ
ֻĻ֪Ķ࣬ǺãҪɱֻأض޻ʳưոݣϵһȴ˴£
õħ޲TΪѵģޡ
⿴ƺ˼һ棬һħ棬λˡ

̫̫
Ϊѵ޲Tͺˣڤڤеɺϣ˾Ȼ뵽һ
Ǿ̫
ֻɽͷĺ̫ѴɱʱѾȹĵ٣˼ɵֻˣ̫Ϊһ£ػɹ
߿յ޲TȻ̫Ը񲻺ϡɷϣֻȹ˵٣Ϻıضֻ
˲֪ǣ̫ûνĵ٣Ҫȹ٣֤޵
һҲգ̫ѵϺϵҪһˣΪ˵õ
ȥ̫ĺȷĿϺȥ
޲TȴûУһʵڲԼȥ㿴ó޲TͺԸ񡣺ټĴܹ޲Tûԭġ
ͷ
Ϸĺ壬ȹסΪӱչҲ˵ϵϢ
űͿ̿ˡ
֮ǰĺܲƽʴˣСû뿪ȥϺ̫
ʱݣ޺ɨʵõĲѵĴ˿
ˣֺһͬǰϺ̫ԭ
忴˽ҪĻңҲ̫⡣
Ȼ
ޱɺϡ
ɽʯ˻в
֮ǰǸоϢ޲TħǵʱǸеױȵΣ
ŵֱӱ¶ǵݡ
ħˣǵĳñˣ̫˵Ҳ鲻ɼĹˡ
鲻
ħ˲ִɱģǱεġ
˻صɽ˳Ĭˡ
ʦ֣Ǹô죿ʵ
꣬ʦʦÿʯ
ʯ벻ð취־ܲԣ֮ǰǹűˣĺܶ¼û⣬ǲԵġ
չԼ֮ǰ±˫ۣǻǵ˵㡣
ʴˣ־ãҵȻ̫ʦɣʦָǵġ
ʯ˵꣬ʦúȻ¶Ц⡣ƺûʦ˵顣
ɣҲʦˡ΢Ц
Ǻǣ
Цˣ



126 Բ
ɽԨе̫
һɷ壬һ̹ŵеջ
ǧħĵϣ̫ıԴһ̫࣬ÿһĵϣһָС
ɷϵ壬̫ͬһһǿ̫Ŀǳ޽Բ塣
Ͻ̫ԨУ̹ŵһɷ
ǧħĵÿһǵۣŵߣת
̫ҪĿʱ˶֮ש
޴Ͷ֩ǿռħüʱħʱĵ塣
ʱ̣̫ĸս롣
ӵǧħϵҲ˵ͽģҪ޵Ҫ̫Լĸſɡ
̫붨˿˴εĸջСûʵԵĽ
޷Ƕʱ˶ѡ
Ϊǿ򣬵һ죬̫϶Ϊһо֪
Ҫһѣ֮Ǿĸ򣬵ȾĲΣ֮Ϊ޽ɵ޽ԲĲΣϱһԲĲΣʱƿ֮ӣڴ֮µ
˵һŦǱʹŦ
޵ҪƿõڴĺУڴһһ
ӽɿʼֱ֮ᷨϵĵһԲ
˵磬˵֮ѾԲˡҪͻƣҪҸεˡ
ķ֮ӣǱԴ֧ѵڷ֮Уǵĸı䡣
һֳƺС֡
;ǣԲ󣬰ڷ֮У
νڶˡ
ּзշıԴʹԽҲǻԪʹ÷֮ԭ
ͬʥ˰ԪһԽ
ǣʥȡɵļУǱɵļС
зͨʵӲƿнȥ
˵һȡȻдۣ۴Ҷ֪ʥΪܡ
ƿģ֤һԼȻ޾
⣬һ㲻ͬ
ʥǼеԴС
޵еǴǴԴСȻҪдԴǵģҪԪ޼ɵĲβУϵ磩
Ӵ˿ԿóҪ
ڴк󣬽Ǵǽʴܼ
ûĻͣȴǿ޽ĻĻߣȴҲյ
һ̫˿Ϊ
ڶƿе
ǵΨһֻҪе󣬾ʹ÷֮ΪԪɣ׼ʥ
Անʬѡ˵նʬҲһȡɣ֮նʬʥ˿Ԫһ
֮֮ӵı߽ʴ֮Ŧ
һȡɣ֮ȻҲҪ
̫ƣΪֶΣ
˵Ҳһ··ѡҲó·Ǳ
˿̵̫
Ϊ޵׼ʵԲ˺󾳽ﵽȻΪҲԲе
ǧħĵ񣬾̫οԴ
һ첻У̫Է˸ר壬˳㿪ʼ鱦
޽ɵĲΣ̫԰鱦ƣʮ㡣
֮ǰΪ̫û¹ڻӡʱ̡컯ʮƷ̨ߵȣѾӽʮƵĵز
ĥͼͻ
ʴֿ̫ʼ
ȻҲ̫ÿΪץ鱦
̫鱦̫ˣҶǿĺܣŵ¼ĲθΪĽ
ʹӦþˡ
컯ԪҲѵƷ鱦̫ûʱֻȸһԣʱټ

޺Բûл̫ʱ䡣
󡭡
¡¡̫羪һ
ﵽԲס
һǿȣ̫һη徹ȻԪǿ
˵˿̵ܺɨˡ
̫֮ǰķͨһչʾͬľޡ
ʩչ󣬽򳤸ߵ̫оԼһȭܴء
ңʩչغ󣬺ȻһϤļ¶徹ȻĿʼһݻ
ǣ̫ϲʵ


127 
ѵ̹
ı仯̫ԼķͨȻһɾ̹
̹˵̹ţǾ̹ͨ
һķ̹ͨ˵ǿսͨ
ʮףΪʮ춼ɷ󣬴Ӷ̹Ŵ˵ͨӲǶ
֪
ͨɷս۵̹Ҫ̫ͨҪǿϾ̹žѪ
ˣ̫ķɱ̹Ҳǿˡ
¡¡
һ̫ķϴ֮ǰ̫ʩչغɡ
ʩչ̹̫ķͨȻʮɸߡ
̫ĸ̫Լ̹ͬ
ϵ˵ԼӦýУ
ﵽԲһ֮ͨǰ̫ûдﵽԲĲΣʴ˸ܲ
λԵɺϣͨɷĥﵽԲʱ̫ʩչأͨγˡ

ãã
̫׺һϲá
ΪԼ˴͸̹û뵽ǣиľϲ
Ȼ
Ȼ̹һȻԼ̹ûȡ
Լľ粻Ͻ岻ĥһҲܴﵽ̹
֮ǰһֱɣ֮ԵĪ⣬ȴԵСתͨ⣬Ҳûеǿĵطڱˡ
̫̾ԭǱһֱûﵽ͵ҪֻдԲҪ󣬾˿̡
˵˷ǲܵġ
֮ǰ̫壬Ҳһ㡣
˵֮ҲͨԶԶﲻߡ
˿ˣ̫ߣӣҲûﵽ͵Ҫ
˿̣ǿ̹壬̫ˡ
֮⣬˿̵̫̫ˣ֮ǰɡתǿˣǿȶﵽƷ鱦ĲΡ
Ʒ鱦ж˵֪˵ҾˣƷ鱦ĲΣԱǻԪɶԴ飬ǻԪмƷ鱦ĲΡ
Ҳ˵̫վŲг˼мƷ鱦Ĵ⣬ʹ̵Ҳƻ
Ȼ˵Ǻ̫ΪһεĴΪߡһʥ鱦
ϧǣ˿̵ĺûʥ˰ûлԪ޽ɡ
Ҳ˵̫˿ֻҪʩչ壬ǼǺߵġ
˵ܲ
뵽ˣ̫һգ
֮ǰû̫ĥעصԪΪ
ֱǰòףҪ޵ҪҲǿ󣬴Ŀʼż򵥵ע
֮֮ǰ̫˼ҵĺӣӵ̫̫١
˿̲ˡ
̫ӦףһڻС
֮ǰ˵ʱ̫֪ħ񲻽עԪΪע塣
ԴΪߣѡԵ塣
ԼݣܲҪƤȥͱӲӲܶˣ
ڲˣ̹Ŵע壬ǧħҲע壬Լٲ׾ǲˡ
䲻֪ߵһһҪһģеر֪̫̫١Ҫߣûǿвͨġ֮ǰĿһֱźģǲԵģӦĿԶһЩͱ磡
̫Ҹһ֮ǰ뷨ĿӦøԶһС
ֻźǲеģδԼҪעſɡ
üΪָԪ޽ɵʱ򣬾ȥ˻УһĿꡣ
¾绹ޱȵԶҪĿ꣬ûĿʧԵУΪûкô
Ȼ
̫Щ󣬷޵·ˣ
һԱ
ҲãȻдﵽĿˣ뿪˵˵
̫Ԩڷȥ
Ҫȥɽ֮ȥѰɽ֮ľŲҪõֲͬԴ컯Ԫ
̫û뵽ǣжһθǳˡ
̫˽ǧ뿪Ԩ
߳ԨƬ̣֮ǰԨϵˡ
ףȻңҺܶ࣡
̫ӦѰԼ֮ǰԼӵƺˡ
̫ҪʶǲܵġֻԼһ˿ʶ
ʱ˿ʶͻɢؼ䣬һʶԭ˾ܸӦ
̫˿򣬴⻹дСģʯ˵ģ誇ݵ˵ġ
ϵԼֶΡ
ȻˣҪұ𡣡
̫Լ򣬺ʯˡ
ˣ˵мԼ
̫źĿһɽŵȥ


128 Ϻ
Ϻ
˵֮ˣ̫ڣЩɢ޵԰ȵ˵̫ѹĶࡣ
Ϻĺ棬һ·ϼɱ
ϺԺ˺ܶࡣ
֪̫£ûС֮ڴҰ
ңо̫ġ
̫ǵȴڣȫԸ飬̫ûų˵ֻҪɱ¾ͿϺС
ʵڸϺһ顣
ûʲôıƣʲôֶΣʲôƻޱȡ
ûУ
ϸ˵Ҳһ֮ܣ̫Ϊĵ٣ҲΪ˺顣
ǽƻ֮ѡΪѡˣҲѱ¡
޲Tսʱ򣬾кܶ
˵һ˿̵ĺ棬¸֮Ĵܡ
ңԶĵط˴ûģ˿̣ңԲܱʮﴦкܶΪɵϺʿŲ˹
ڴ۵ڴ˽ףڴ˳̸
û˸ңʮŲɵֻңʮⲼõ
Ǫ̫̫ľ
ӻһ̫ûòãҪ̫ԼȻϲ֣ȴϲ˶Ŵš
ʴˣõ̫ϺʿԼĵƵңܱʮﴦҲ㰲ˡ
û˸Ұܰȫ˵ûеطȫˡ
ܶ˳ҵʿ˶ܵˡ
Ӵ˴ó̫֮жʹϺĶ룬ֻҪڣֻҪĵңͲ鷳
˵ĺԴĴ˵ԴϺңһ硣
ʦϺ𣿡
ֻһϵ̫ҽΪżλɣɵС
ϵЦǰϺ̫ĵڣǿԷˣ˸ѹˣҲصһͶС
̫ˣڲõˣ̫𣡡Ϊĵˣ˵ңݣл̫ıӻ
̫𣡡ǵ˵꣬Χĺܶһ
룬Ϻְ̫ġʴˣ̫̫Ӧõġ
ʦ̫Ϊͨ죬Ҳ֪ܼܲһСͯ㽵ʵ
ǺǡϵһЦ룬ĽҪңҵһȵĻͲˣĪҪøԶ

ΪȻԼ˵Ľ̸һ
󣬸о̫ĺøиˡ
˽ӻһĴڣһ¸֮ˡ
ˣԼ˴мԺ
ʱ򡭡
ֻһҴ˼ά
ûУǾǺϷĺˣǵ̫ӻİ̫ΪʳԼ棡ֻ˵
ǰźŮڶ࣬Ҹò绨һȻˣ
ҴŮӵע⣬㲻֪֮ǰҲˣʣĻ̫ץңϿš
ε֪֪Ҿ˵˵οŮӾǺ
˵Ůǲð˰㿴塢ȣҲŮڶ壬ô˴ܺʹ¯ҵúܰ˵ܶÿ궼ҪѡõŮӣѺ÷̴֮ˣ
ľˣô죿
Ҫ˵ǨϺûЩˡ취
ȴ˲мķΪ˵򵥣ЩжأֻҪǸǨƣ˵·Ͼͱȫɱˡѵ塢Ϊ£ŮӣǾЩʧȥ¯Դ𣿡
ֻһոϵĵЦǵϢʱˣƶմϷϷĵ屻ˣִˣǿ
ָֻźһΪµĵŮӵ
˿ȥȻˣղûע⣬һ˵˶ߡ
˭ôĺ峤ʵ
ǵЦǣǣ֮ǰ̫ʳŮŮ֮ĸΪǴ޽֮Ϊ·ʱ򣬼˵Ĳ״ͬΪŮӡ
˸˵һͨǿ
Ŀࡣ
һ͵ĺҲ棬޳ڵΪ˵ͷ
е˵ô˵屻Ϻˣ
ǰҲãŮ֮ܣ˵ܶŮΪ󣬶Ϊ
˵һ㶣˵ͷʵ´ܣŮ޴ܣĳƺ
ƣ
ǣǣ


129 ң
㣬㶼Ϊˡ
С̫ҽԲΪڴ˵ҲǸ֣˵Ȼõ
ѵĪҪȡЦ㣬˵ǽմõĹˣȵࡣ
֮ǰΪСĲ״žȵġ
ȵ˵˵ʱСҲܴ
һġСЦüʵ㷢ϵʿΧҶ۲һߣƺͶϵʿƺĲıòȴ͸
仯ģĺСȻ
ôڶ壬޺ˣСܿ͸ģ
ͬü˼ϵʿĸоϤȴ͸𾪲ѡ
Դӽ״޽ɺˡ
֪Ϊ컯ãȻ
˽㣬ˣڵĵ˭ҲҷǻȥݼɡС˵
˵ͷ˺һۡ
ЦЦû˵ȴߵɢһ
ղ￴ˡһ˾ϲЦ
ǿҡ
ˣˡƺϵûϵվƺһղҾû
ǰ㲻˵ҶûֻһǲԶ
ϵ˭

Ķ磬û뵽ԼڲݺϢ󣬻ע
Ϊ棬ȱ¶ݰݷ̫
̫̫磬ڸǣ컯̫㲻ġ
Сꡢˣʵǲ֪̫ңġ
ֻһ̤Сͨ˵ܼ򵥡
һ󣬺Ѿ߽ң˲ɿķΧڡ
⣬˭ô󵨣ȥң
ϵϤ
СҲˣҪȥݷõģôղصϵȥˡ
ңڵ죬ڪĺңｻοĺأͬˡ
ңķΧôˣûȻһ
ϵĺȻ֣һ㶣룺Ī֪ڣµġ
ɢ뷨Ϊû˸ҡ
ֻ
ϵݷ̫ѣ
ĻƺƽʵдͨĲشãһݷôңΧ

Ķˣ
Ȼǿٵصһ飬棡
⣬⡭
ֲø̤ңΧԭǡǰ

ڵҲˣû뵽ȻǺˡ
ô죿
ſػ󣬻ǲſſҪǺб뷨Ǻã
ſΪ˺ԼҲˡ
ʱ
ֻӰ˲俿˺档
һĻһ㶣ôˣô˭ҴңķΧ
ʯˡ
ǻ𼱻ǵĸϺϺҲⷱˣפ㿴һ
û뵽ͻȻ֣û뵽
ʯľޡѡ񣩣ݼǰʯͷ
̫״̹ǽ̫Ҳֹһζ˵Ҫǿߡ
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ԣǲǶԻ޲Tߺ𾴡
ǰҵ̫ӡ
˵꣬úȻ
ǺǣλСѾ̫ѵӣλСѸԵ񰡣
һۿ˼˵ĸţ˵ȹ̣Ȼʴ˿˼䡣
ǰʯ˵ֵǰ֪ʦȥˣң⻤֮˲ŵûгӭǰȥк
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ʱѸҪк죬ֻѾˡ
ΪûôֽⲻϲòĶиĹۡ
棬λѡԺʯ˵
ǰҽʯ˵ͷֶԺ
ʱ
ֻСҲ˹Ƕû뵽ôɡ
ѡ
ղŵĻͻˣ֮ǰ˭ôԭǿٵصһĺ
ѣϴһټ֮ʱѾΪϲɺء
ʯһݼ棬ݼλ
ѼЦˣֻǸղ޶ѣǵΪĪ⡣˵ֶʯ˵û뵽̫ѣλͽ۶Ϊ̫ѹȻ۹
ʯæʾҡ
һСȴ㣬㲻֪ʯλѣǰ˾֪ҷ棬ħ˵ȶλѴɱˣ̫֮ţ
Ŷ̫Сµĺ涼һ¡
ңңʵ̫˵ˣħ޲Tǰɱģռ˱˶ѡʯ˵ֵ꣬λǰλȽڴվţʦ֪ˣҵȶλǰкܣ
ƣ
桢æͷ
ʯˣң

ңһȴˡ
֮ǰ̸ûڣΪﵽɵĶõ
û뵽ˣȻ̫ͽܣǽĸ֣


130 ̫
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˽ң˶ΧĻ
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ȴǺܵ⣬Ϊ̫ʱǰƣΪǱԼҪǿ
̫ĵ϶Ҳǲһң󣬺òˡ
ԼɽãԼǿǺĵһ춴ذ

ǰʦΧʦ֮طе㿴ͷ
ڸǣǺͬоеĶߡ
ôһ˵ЦЦû˵ȴ뵽ϵЩˡ
ú˽ңʯǽ̫ǿɲңֻңӴˡ
˺ˣ̫µ򣬵˽ʯ
̫һԨ󣬷ԭ
޵֮˵ʱֻգۼ䡣
οȵҲȣСͬȵһ˵̫Ĺ
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̫ͣĸҪʮʱ䣬̫ʩչռֻ˲ǧ͸˻
һ·̫֣ķণΪǣңҲûͣһе档

ˣ
ǧĸ·̫ڻصң
Ҫʱ䣬;̫֣Լʩչʱ̣Ȼˮĸо̫һϲ
룬ھ򻹺ǳʱ䶨Ҫúоһ

ң
ţ
һң֣һ껹һò绨Ůӡ
һֹźãһźһչò绨Ůӡ
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һ˾ϴ˵ĶԣӢɱΪ˿̺ңϣΪ˵ԼΪ˼ҡ
ΪԺģº⡣
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һ·е̫·ңʮϺɢ޾ۼء
һ㶣Ϻ˸ˣ֮ǰоķশԭ
û˸̤ңԲʮģ̫Ҳûܣ

̫𣡡
أ
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ۼķ̫пһУعһź

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ǣ𣡡

ңҾȻˣ
ʦ㻹˵ҪҺøԶ㿴ˡ
ϵɫÿӣΪ䵴ƶչȥ

ң󷨿ˣ
̫塢Сꡢʯ˵ʱҲһ¡
ôˡ
ú̫Ѷʱˣ
λߵĺһڣǹأ涼û
ǰȴڣúѾúˣǺǡ̫˵ȴе͹ϼһԼ
ɣҪע㣬ϼһӲˣ˶ˣÿζֻʣԼ
Ǻǣ޷޷
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Ǻǣ̫һЦֿС꣬С̫Բˣ
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꣬ܺĲпᣬʦ̵֮н죬ȫʦͣ
ǣĪҪСŮ̬㿴СѾͷֿˡ̫˿ѣСӱˣȹˣҲˡ

λѣȥ֮һ𣡡һ̸̫̫ͭţʱ̫ǰ
һ㶣еΣ
桢СһԾñ֮ǰĻ


131 츳ͨӲ
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д˺棬СûǸһ߶Źˮء
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ͺһۡ
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ԭˣչڻħħѾǹȥʽѾ̭Ϊʵ˲ģֻǿ˺顣
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˵˺һ٣˿̫
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ϵݵɱٴڣȹȲϵҲ֪ˡϵɱƺȫֻصȣģ
˵ˣ̫ˣе𾪡ûֵ٣룺ѵԭ
ͬʱ˵ȫֻصȣǽ·
̫ҿ϶ûȻǳʽ˼άޣѾʼ׼ˡ
ⲻ֣Ǵħеǰ졣
վǻħĲ֮࣬ޣγǴԺĿأ
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ҲǵҪĳãͱɽ٣Ҳˣ
֮ǰ̫֮û뵽⣬ûҪ٣Ҳûݵ
뵽ˣ̫̾Ϣԭˣ


132 ̫£
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ֻ޻ʲֻôΪֻأûֻأôֻأ
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ڤεȴ󣬺εҪԶǺһ׼ʥΪġ
Ǻ̹Ѫֻصҩһ쵽޵еĻֻء
ͥҲˣǳӡͥʴ˺ͥǳ֮Ũʺ档
϶ܱԴǽֻػͥĸøΪͻ
ϵȫڴ֮ǰɵ޻ֻأֻصıԴֻֻ̣ء
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ˣжãǺļѣܶܶࡣ
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Ҳף˵ϵ֪ѣֻˡҵֻɱһɱ޵УڳޣҪһѡ񣿡
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ԭûԴһޣǴһ޵档
Ȼ÷ħĴԼһս̭һСģʣµļ޽
ںޱȵļѣǺܳԶ
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ĿĲ࣬ԲޣܷŹ졣
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ֻѣϣϵһ֮ϵ˽ģϣܴɱֻأҲöȹɱ١
˵̫꣬һȻ˵ĸо
ղźֵʱ̫뵽ˡûҪ
ϵǷһ飡
ֱ仰˵̫һЦĪҪˣ岻ݴǣ岻ݴǣ
ܺõľ棡
̫ãǽԴϲľ档
˺ˣһ桢ֻ޻ʵ¡
ȴ֪ҵֶ֪ΣֻǷأǺܹĵġ
޼ʳű˵֪
ˣֶû֪û˷
̫˼һҲˣֻ˻ħ֮л꣬˼̳˻ħֶͨΡü⣬Ǳ֪ģΪĻħڡ
̫Ľͣ࣬ȿٵ֮ǰ飬ɲ׵ġ
ѣѼ̳еǻǳħıԴֻѼ̳еǣԪɢħԴֻغ棬Ǽ̳еִгޣвдıԴ
ֵ̫λѲ֪޲T˴һľ棬˶̳߱ɱħıԴ޲T̳еıԴһ˵ɱħĲл꣬˱ضһ޲Tɱ١
˻Ȼ
֮ǰ̹Ŵٵأħһƿأʴ˳˿ٵ֮ƷʱһĻĿ
̫˵𾪼֮ڣλ֮ĪҪ˵
Ȼæͷ
̫
籾Ʋ⣬޵ĴڣΪ˿̹Ŵϣʵ˿һڡǿħڻжҪĥѺͿ飬ο飿ΪƶҲ̭ǿľԶҵȺ鶨µĹأһѡƣֹͣҲûоͷܶٺȻǲĹɡ

̸̫ˣ˶̫棬ֻ̫ЦЦû˵


133 ħ
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˵Ц޲TҪˣ̫е㲻ŵĸо
Ĳ뱻̫ܾˣľΪ̫ˣӦ鷳ʱ
̫˼λӡ
Լλıһ
ʦҵỴ̄ҷħ̫֮ǰԵɣȻҵȱƽģ˺ƣʵ̲סˣʴ˴żλʦʦðһ
ʯ˰ζԼͷϡ
ȴ˵ʦңǵ̫Ѷˡ
̫һֵˣĲûйȡȾĥǺ£ֻû뵽޲Tˡ
޲Tĳ̫ܳԾ˵ƺ޲TǴսΪǵĴսܵƻ
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°ɣ̫翴Լ뷨ȴҪһ
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ˣûѡġ
֮ǰе಻֮Ҫ̫һ
̫ĵ󷨡֮֮ǰҪѧֶΡ
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⣬ʦ˵֮ǰУһ󷨲ʿŻˡ
ѧϰһ
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ڼȥһ¸ղżλӵı֡
ѵı仯̫𾪣û뵽֮ǰǸѣȻ˲䳤˵ĸо
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ʯҲԸĬΪ綼˵˴εԲ
ң̫˺ܶϴҷԴ
̫Ȼͽܹˡ
ЩҲᣬ̫Ҫģȥͺϡ
ȥϵ޲T޶ĲȴҪ̫ϵŲڶһ̫ҪȥѰҡ
Сˣڰݼ̫Ҳ뿪ˡ
ǲǰݼ̫ϣ̫㽨飬ں̫ЭʱѾ֪ôˡ
ֻҪʵʵĻȥȴɣ鲻ܲġ
ǵĲλ벻顣
ͬʱҲСȥˣŮȴϺ
ˣ̫רңΧҵ˾޴ɵõڴ档
Ҳǰ˶ˡ
ȫ̫кλһźĶȥ

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޲Tںİݷúأ̫һУ൱ĸ߰ʴû̸ĵѡ
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޲Tͺһ̸ֻڴ˿ܼʱܼ˵ľ档
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ô˵Ѿ̫ѡ˵ˡ޲Tе˷ˡ
ԤƵ鷢ˣĵ٣Ҳ˵ĵ˾棬βܴܲɱ棬ԼҪ
֮ǰڷգĵϣ
Ϊˣ޲TԺѺãΪ˵ٶһЩ
Ŀǰֻϵ̫Ѿˣ˴ϵǰݷõԭ̫ȥѰҲˣ˺ϵҪȥʳ顣
޲T˵±岻ݴǣŰģѾŭ񷳣ǸֵĨɱ˱飬Ϳˣû뵽Ѻ̫ѾȻš
޲Tһʾ֪Ӧˡ
ԼĿʵˣҲܸˣݱ޲Tǰȥ
޲TҲû¿ΨһĿľǸɵ棬̫ˡ
˾źһȥҲñⲻҪ鷳Ըȥ鷳
ı㣬Ȼ˶ߣȻ޲Tεĺܺãû˵ԭúж޲T˵˼ɡ
֮һУǴֹ˼ɿʼġ
˺ĺܶ꣡
Եúƽû֪̫˵ж̫ж󣬲Ϊ֮𾪣

һɽ羰ݣŨ
ɽУڴţҰףҲԡ
ܲãԼϳȻռȥˡ
˵ϳһɽô˵ҲĳأƤҪҪˣ
޼ˣƵҲû취Ϊǿڶѡ
е鱦ҲһƷ鱦¯ѡ
¯֮ܣɷɹʵ˹һļƷ鱦ҲǲĿֶΡ
òΪǣԼɱ٣ȻйСԹ档
۾Ķǿ󣬹µһ˵Ҫɱ죬Բܡ
һֱܿʵ˿̵ơ
죡
ֻһ̴̻ӵõ󷨴ʶ



134 ս񷣡
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澪
ıĲ棬ŭڣû˭ĴУܲˡ
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ֻĲ¯ֱӷɳ̫ȥ
̫ҲˣҾͽһ㾹Ȼˣ꣬㻹ˡ

̫ŭˣֻ߳Уһ֮⻮Ų¯ȥ
䡱һ޹ˡ
ֻܱߺܶ಻Ե飬֪ô£ͱɿµΪһˡ
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̫ˣҴ⣬гӲΪ˷סһأ²ͻ֮۸ˡ
һ죬ؼ䡣
⣬⣬̫
Լ˭Ĳ𾪵ʡ
֮ǰڱչû뵽һԼ
òеơ
Ȼ˵̫ȷе񣬲̫ˣΣôúòȷڵأкһˡ
ߣǱĪҪϻղ͵ϮһУҲӱһС
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ڲǿЩʱ򣬲񷲻Ҵ⣬޽ڵΪʱȫ߶
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ҲĴܣԴ̫һͬİ취
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䡱һȫĲ˺üѪһ󷭹ûôᵽ̫
룺ȫ̫һ㣬̫Ȼɷ
ˣֻƾĹԼû취ġ
̫Ҳûɱ˲񷣬ղȫûˣûԾҲûˡ
ֻ򵥵ֶζѣԼǿֶΣʩչֳʱ̡
̫޺ΪΪĲǺס
ס֣ǲ᣿
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̫Ҳϻ񷹥ȥ
̫ûгޣֻеѡ
ǣ뵽ղ޹Ī˺̫ܶ࣬ѵԲղȥ顣
нп࣬ãս˰ɣ̫̫ǿˡ
¡¡

˵ĽսޱȣȴѹסˣûƻĻ
̫նȥûܶƻ
ԽսԽľ̫һαһֱǿֿ
УҪûܡҲܶˣñ˵οУսҲϡ档
ˣֻٿز¯һ󶶶ʱȫĲ̫һ¡
Ųǿ̫Ȼˣ
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ΪڱȳȫʵˣڿԻһˡ
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̫ԼˣˣʱŭϷˣ𣬲Ҫñ㣬ټ㶨ɱ㣡
ŭ̫һĶˡ
һʱܶɵˣô𣿲˼ôϳȴӲʹȥ̫
⡭
ܶ˲ˡ

޲TϵʳĺˣʳҲڶҾ벻̫ԶҲˡ
ʱ޲Tŭź˵ˣǰɣ㲻˵̫ѺͲһԿô̫ѺͲѴˡ
ȷʳ˱ɻ󡣡޲TҲź
̫õģô˾ʹˡ
Ҳʹôһôˣ
ϵģ˵Ķģ̫ѺͲᣬӦ
⻰˵꣬޲TŶһۣʾ
λĪ̫Ѿ˴ԶҵԴƬ̾ˡ
ֻ޲TҲû˵
Ҳáֵˣ
һһ̫ҽԲĵ˳ˡ
ȥ׼һ£Ȼ̫Ҫǲʧȥ׼һ¡
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Ҳֻ˺öĵĴ
ԸȥĵһְݷãҪ׼׵ʧ
ֻǡ
Ƕûע⵽޲TеͺͻȻʳҲûӭӵ̬
̫ҪˣʳԸܲ



135 ϷŪ޲T
̫𣡡
ˣ
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136 ѹ
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߱ɱħ̹Ŵ飬䱾Դ˺üݣбдľ棬ƣоŴеҵ߱ɱħĻ鱦ɻǹӦҲУˡ
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ڴɱ˰
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137 ս޲T
ŭֻصˣˢˢˣŭ̫
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⻰˵ܻ꣬޵̫Цˡ

Ե㱱ÿЦ˵ʲôʱ򱱷޵ıֱЦ
λǲưոˣֻ˵
̫һЦưոݣȲлҲ䣿ֻñһԣ
⻰˵ֻ꣬ɫÿˡ
޲TЦˣ룺̫Ҳͦõ벻Լϵ׾Ͳϲұ˵ϵס
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̫ͼޡ컯ɻһй̫ͼչضݡ±ɫ֮¶š



138 սֻأ
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ڵħ֮ʱ򣬻ŵĶ棬Ǭ桢棬޲Tͺ
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ΨһͿͺˡ

̫˿˷ܵأˣһȫָ֣оޱȵ



139 
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̫˵սνֵĸоһܽġ
˶Ǵ޽֮ϵΪһǴӻĹŶ켶޽ɣǵķ֮񳬳
սһֱʮʱ䣬˽սĵطѾĿּ꣬ս
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㲻˵һΪԼΪأԭҲĸо
֪ǺεͨȻ̹ŴҲͱȵľ߶ѡ
⣿ûȽϣ

޻λǵһ֪ԭһλ˴ܣȻ棬·磬ʵ˴۽磡
ȷĴ޵鷳ҵȻ治֪ղźĻǻӦýУֻػߡ
˵Ľ̸һλʼղ˵ĵЦˣѵֻλܣûе鱦ǿͶǼƷ鱦ĲΣ
⻰һ˵˲Żع
ǰֻػеԲ̣ȻԺ̹̫ͼ⣬´·磬ΰ
ȴˣǿ޻ǾޱҲεģǲ֪޲Tĺɫ̨ļ𣿵ǼƷ鱦
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ΪһΣ֪
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Ȼ̫ǿһСΣѾǴ޽ԲĲΡ
̫ǾԲΪûԲ̫޽Բˡ
üһͬΪͬ飬һ̫ȺѣһЩ顣
üͻħĲл겻һ
üռ˱ƣڻħ;򣬵ȴǣں»Ρ
ڻħҲں顣
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Ѿ̹Ŵˣ֮ǰѿо˭ãѡ
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ֻѾƵˣۿ᧿Σ
ˣˣһ˶ϺͻľվǱ̭ģȻѡϵкοģγޣ˺ǣ
üվ˾



140 ƾ֣
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ֻ޻ʱ޿ɱܣѾ̫ͼסˣ
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Ȼħ磬֮ǰڻУȴһ˿Ϊ綼ûС
ħ̫ȷ߹ֻ̫һûлشѡ
̫Ǵ͵Ĵڣ޵ȷûøУܹʧûԼһ֮ԴӦҲǽ׺ͺѡ
Ȼеѵ޵뷨ޱôţҪɱ޹ȡ
̫ûк޲TУ֪̣Ҫʱ򣬾޸ʱ㲻
̫ӦˣѾ֤ԼҲսһѾﵽĿˡ
û⣬һӺη̫
̫˵ֻ꣬޲T񶼱ˣƺ̫Ȼǲܽܡ
̫ѡе˵
û˵̫꣬ˣ̫ű𣡡
̫д֪ѹǣҲӦѳüѱ˽⣬ȻҺǺѣһǾܾüΪ˸ľһҵȾסһѿа취ɱֻأ˳˵һ䣺ĪҪ⴫üǻԪɾ磬ԲΪһֿռ֮Ī⣬Ѿأ
̫д˵꣬˼Ŀ˿ü˵ˣ̫ʱ䣬̫Ľֽ˵̫ƭˡ
Ǿ˵̫˵Ķġ
ԼҪǴüݣΪ֤ϾҲ
ֹǣֹ֤֤ǲݵľ氡
ʴ˺ԥˡ
ʱִ̫ٸ͸¶һ䣬վǳò˵ģͻˣԣζԲˡ
̫չӦüĳѾ˼ǰֻðüû˺޵ľǽѾˡ
ƶˡˣд
̫˿޲T̫ý͡
Ҳͺ̫Ӧ̫ͣԸǲ͵ġ
̫ڰд޲Tֻͬڰн
սۣľ



141 ޻ʣ
סŭûз޲TԼú̫ܿǰʵѺ⣿
̫˽͵ģ˼Ȼˣֻ̫ǿشüѲУԲΪҾͨռ֮ѣǡ
̫佱üһ޲T档
Ȼһ߾ȣ˼Ŀ˿ü
֮ǰüֹһΣ̫ʳʱʱ˾Ͷü֮ظе⡣
̫Ĺ˳ˡ
޲TܲҲû취
ǾͰ̫˵İ졣ȻĿȻܴĿģǾ»˵¡
ߣΨ޲TݺݵĿüһۡ
üҲ֮޲TһۣüֻҪ㶨̫У޲Tں
ˡ
̫˾üѵϣҷŹޣɱ޹裬Ǳ𻹻ֽ̣´ֽ̿ɾͲľˡ
̫޵Ϊɺףֻظۡ
˵ȷӦԲ̫ˣסҲû˵ֻðѱȥлٱ
̫Ҫߵʱ򣬺Ȼֻؽס̫
ֻֻص̫߾ˣųɺã
⻰˵꣬˲ƺлѹ
Ǻǡ̫Цȱһͷ񵱱ﲻûԣǾͱˣűøãһҿѲ³
㣡ߵ
̫̫ˣֻص
Ҫǳ̫޵Ӻδ档
˸˰޲T޲üȥøɵ档
ȻҲġ
ֻ޲Tã̫˵úã޳³̫ѣܱС
޲TһҲȱһͷҿͲֻ֪λѣɷĸűúܺá
ȴˡҲϵǗ軣֪λ޻ʿɷ
ϵҲҲҪͼӴףˡ
ˡ̫ΪҵȲͬھɣֻУһԲϾͿľ档
ãûأ޲T˷ܰ뿴ġ
Ҫʧˣüæλɷϵӡ
˵ĸӣϿûиӵĸоֻü޽ԲΪֳ
Բһѹ˸е൱֡
üѣҵȺҲˣ̫̫ˡֻס棬ϾսҲֺá
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㣡ֻص۹Ҫɱ˵Ļ̫֪˶ٴˡ
̫ҡҲһЩӡ
Ͼ޵鷳Լͺģܶ鶼֪ˡ
üĳ֣˲֣̫ΪغԼֻӲඡ
̫Ҫһܺ𾴵ݣƻľ档
˶кô
˺ָ˳ޣ˵̫ǿӲߵ
̫Ҫġ

ܺã
ܲģֻػˣһˣޱȵıʲô취
ҫ̫ȥˡ
ܴź޲T˵ĲģȴҲֻˡ
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̫Ԥϵˣü֮ԽûڸУżһƳ⣬ƺҲĴ˵
ܾ˾浼µģûҲ
ʥһ£ǰϳģӴֻڻ档
üǿ磡һˣ˭·ٵĺأ
סڻ߱չڻû⣬쳾ҪĲа
̫ƣӦþˡ

˼ͬļˣһɽۼˣüҪߣ̫дסüȴ
λҪô죿ʵ
޲TûĿüһ۵ô죿ɱȴֹκκΣ
⻰˵üá
̫סüҲǴĿģһüĿе
ɲüԭ켣һĶˡ
Լ̸ܽģֻһ˵һ
Ǻǡ̫ЦλѵˣǴлûнأ
Ŷһ㶣
ֻûǿֵأΪŰϵѾûҪˣҵȥɱǾǡ
˵꣬ǰһ
뵽ǰǿеֵأΪŰӦҪͷ
ȻΪŰϵɣҪй˳ŪԴȡ
Ͼ쾭Ӫǿôʱˣ٣



142 ָü
˳񷢺죬üе㲻ϲ
üдѯ̫ѣкָ㣿
̫ĪһҵһǰȥǿǡĪҪñһ٣ѣ޲Tˣ֮ˣѲҪ̫֪ѻ˵߹ںǣƶһԣ⼸˶򵥣ص棬Եѽкô
ü󣬺֣ء
̫һȰ棬֮ǰʱĶԴ𣬹ʴ˶Ľѡ
ԣ̫Ļţ̫ô˵˿ˣƺ˼
ֵ̫ѼסлħϡپġĲľ棬ûǶ롢򡢶ཻΪá˭ٵģ˭ָģ˭Ҫƿصľˣûô򵥡
̫˵ˡ
üֻҪɵͻףĵıȻҪԡ
ü̹ſٵġָġ˽Ҫƿصģ⡭
ü˲ˣ

λÿУ̫ʵ
ȴ쵹ʩӦҪܵͷҵȥѵǣҲΪ˺
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У
˶ˣΪǼ٣Ϊ˺Դ档
˺һˣǿնȥ
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֮ǰ̫ãֻҪȥǿս죬ͻ顣
ֱ󡭡
˻һ֮ǰ޲Tһ棬̫ʳʱ
ĵǲס
λѣǿյһ飬֮ĸ֮ǰ񶷣˶ڣмܣҲΪ
̫˵ڣ˲ףԭ֮ĸſ򵥡
˼˵Ŀ׵Ĵк
˺һǿնȥһ·üѯ̫ܶ顣
߸֪ҲʶĲͬڻ磬ħΪսнĺ١
Ĳͬʱһ˵Ѻһ⡣
ټ˺̹ſ١ָƿغüҲúĲ򵥡
Ĵ磬ֻбС磬ûбȺĸ硣
п٣ԴָСģضᷴ亦
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ƺ˵Ұ±ǣľƺѾע
죬֮ǰͼȷĿˣȲ˼ȴ䱾Ȼɱ飬ﲻ⣬ȰĪҪ޹һع鱾Դĺá
̫һȻӡ
޲T˾ˡ
룺ԭˣԼŪƸߵ㣬ôȻ˵ˣ̫Ȼ
⵼£˺Ŀʼȿۣƺ˭˵˭Ե
һЦ̫㼸ƻǵļƻҵֵΪ㣬衣㻹Ҫߵڰף治ҪƤ
ߵڰ׵˭Ҷϻ˵޵ʱ򣬾Ѿע˽֡棬ö˷ԴǿȣĪǻãӵùҵȵĴɱɣ
̫ȰɱĻκġ
ôȰɱôȻˣû
̫й˼ɵģ֪Դǳӡת֪ͥôתҪԼƻǾͲˡ
̲סˡ
Ȼڤ粻飬Ǿ¼£޲T̫ȻȥĲȡ
ɴ಻ѻˣֱӿɵĺá
һٶ̫֪ڹ
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ͷˣֻ濴ǿ飬ȻҪִԲȥ𣿻־ܣΪһ
̫Ŀģ̫ǲ뿴ǿս
羰ĺĲǺģûЩǿ飬ǿջúȤ̫ϲ
ֻһ˵꣬ǿԥˡ
ǶǱϴǵ뷨
˿̸ȥԥˡ


143 ɢ
ܿʱǺܼ尾һ飬߳Ӫʱ򣬿첻ɶҡȨѾˡ

ֻУΪĻŭˣԪˮӳһâӪȥ
̫Ԥƣ֡
ֻüȻӳĹͬδ֪֮ǿܴĹ˲ʧˡ
ü˺һǿ֮ǰ
ʱѾעӪ߽ˡ
ȻҵҲУֻҵ鷢һӪͬȥ
޲T˻δӪѾˡ
һۺ󣬿졣޲TҲкֱǿĲȥ
̫Ŀ˻죬˵ĶԹСչҪˡ
淴ûм룬ȥѹӪҵ
һʱĴսǿա
ͺ֣עûĿܣǳǿûһ˿İ취
ı㣬ͷһգ磬磬ǴˣСһˡ

ܣ
䣡һԱˣԴõľ
һĻ覴ѵĻ죬̫ȫûһ˿ĻᣬԱʱѾˡ
ܣ㣡
䡱һ̫ӻ壬ǿԱûһ

һĻˣͻԱ˵ıԴȻɢһеǳӡȥ
һĻòʧ޲Tս޲T߱ǹݺݵĻϡ
ͣһɺԶƺƣԼ޲TսڣֻĶеǳӡ
ߣľٶչ޲TŭˣԼˡ
޲Tס֣̫˲ǰס޲TĹ
̫㵱Σ֮ǰŹޣڻҪŹ𣿡޲T̫ϣ֮ǰ̫Ź޵Ϊ޲Tŭˡ
ǽˣҪ̫Ϊ̫ǿֶ̫࣬ޱأ޲Tͺ̫һˡ
޲TϢŭֹ̫ض򡣡æǰ
̫޲TƺһԲϾҪľ棬˲æֹ
޲TչһնûУ̨׺һҲ˵ˡ
ǣʮּǳѾǺ̫һνǵ˾İˡ
̫Ҳ뷨Ӯʤǿ϶ģͳ޲T̬ԼҲ侮ʯ
ôˣü˽ǿ󣬼е䣬ʵ
̫һЦûʲô졣
̫˵꣬˲ŻĲ졣
һᣬֻ첽ɺĲţǽ֣Ǳȫ㣡
䡱һֻԱˡ
Ա̬ȣ˺ܲ⣬漴̫Ǿã̫Ӧúס
žǣ̫һЦ
˿ŲԱ֮أҵɢȥֻǳӡʼѲԱıԴС
ʱ۾ˡ
޲TûǳӡԪˮ졢򡢷鱦ţҪ̫ڴˣ޲Tȥˡ
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ǳӡȻһ⣬źĶȥˣ˿̵ǳӡȻԶʾܡ
ѹ̫һ޽Ϊߣеޱȵѹ
˲Լͬļ鱦
ǳӡ⣬һǰĴǿգŲźĵɽȥ
ǣ
һĻ޲T˶ˣǲʲôʼݣв谭ǵݡ
ֻ̫ףıԴǳӡɽ֮תݱ䣬ֱٺ󣬻Ϊʮͥ֡
˼ʱ
ֻԪˮ졢쵶ͷԼɫۣȻܵһܶȥ
λ֣
˵̫꣬ѸԪˮ죬ҪûֹĻԪˮ޾Ѫ˺Ϊڤİ鱦
̫ˡ
ֻ̫лӡһԪˮȥ
ˣΨûж֡
̫ͼס򣬺ͷȶס˷޲Tס쵶üȶסɫۡ
Ĵ鱦ķӦͬԪˮ죬ĸ
̫ǳصģгʱ̣ʱһ㣬ѸٶסԪˮ죬˺ӻͻԪˮС
ˣСջļϲüңûԼ鱦ࡣ
޲Tɨһ̫ĻӣҲԪˮ죬̫һ֣Ҳᡣ
Ԫˮ˼Ʒ鱦Ҷ򵥣޲Tȡ쵶ֻǿﵽ˶鱦Ĳζѡ
Ψûκջ棬ȴǰϲϲλѡ


144 ĸλ
Ǻǣֵһᡭ
ееȵĿ̫ǹϲ̫ѣԪˮ죨죩ǼƷ鱦Ҷǲ򵥡
ۺ죬ղŵ޲Tۺ졣
ʹϵģûм򵥵鱦ͶǼƷĲΡ
̫ĲߣȴЦҿۼֿ졣ôѿе򲻳ɣҪǵѿϣǿԸ𣬱Ҳôˡ
⻰˵꣬һһ졣
˱ʱϣҪˣʼȡˣȻ֮ǰ֮ǰ̫٩ǣҲһ̡
˿
ʵģִѹ棬ǿʾѾҪɢˡ
Ȼ̫Ҳˣ̫ʼվû棬̫ͼĻλ
ϸ˵ĵλ̫һֱƵ޲Tء
ͷˣƶе¡˵ֵȻ̫дջ񣬲֪Ļۣ̫ѿɷ
Ҫľ棬ưǿ٣۵Դغܶ࣬Ϊһʳ棬Ȼ֪е档
Ǻǣ˵Цˣ̫ῴղأ޲Tͺ̫Ը֮ǰĹϵҪãȻҪˡ
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Ψ˵λѣĪҪˣ̫ѣе鱦Ҳˣο̫ѹλĪҪ˵˺֮ԡ
üһû˵֮ǰ̫עˣһֱڹעΪͣ޷ѣֵһᡣ
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˵ļңȻЦѣ֮ǰһͨûʩչ̫ͼ˫ѿɷ֣
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λĪҪ˺æ˵
ߣ̫ЦĳЩˣͶǿ㣬浱ԼǸˡȻĨӦеı꣬ǱЩƢ̫ˣЩ˾ñ۸ɣ
ѾȷĿüæӦȴˣ̫ѺεݣȻ˿ҵȻ飬̫ѺͺΪ˺Ĳ̫ѼϵϵĳЩС֡
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˵̫֮ǰõģ̫Ϊǿ飬ҲΪԼҪһǿա
쵼ǿգԼ쵼Ĳ࣬ԼģԼҲָ;֮
λҲ֪ҵڴսʱûָƿأ˿̵ĺǳ֮ңɷñȴǿȥƿǶһ½棿
˵ȷˣ֮ǰĺûתǳûƿء
ֱĳǹλĲǳת
֮ǰĴսǿ飬ǶǶתȻͣ
ҵȴɱ죬Ϊ˺ǣϤǿգǿգϵÿС
̫ĹϵټҲǿգӦˡ
УΪ̫
ƣü˵
˵ľ޲TɫÿǸоժӣȻǿյ飬Ǹоζ
ѽǿ֮𣿡޲Tʵ
ᣬ𶨾ں壬Ȼǿֻ֮ϣǿӴûѹȶѣұûκεҰģλԼ֤
˵꣬޲T˿
Ҳǿʲôá
Ψ̫֪󣬵ƿǣǳ֮£͹ܶĽġ
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ɣԣǿտҵȹ֤ͬΣ޲Tʵ
ƣ̫ü˵ͷ
ΨԸĺһ
δǿյ䡣
ÿ治Ұ֮ʴ޲Tűˣ̫һĵģ


145 ɱ
һǿǰ
˶һ۶ʾȤֻ̫վ˳ϾҪ汳顣
ֻ̫ǿ쵹ʩ˺ǿ쵼ҵȼλͬӻٵıǿбȣֻػǳǳ棬ĪҪǿ
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ң쵼Ҳ⿴̫˹ͬӻֺȻҪӦ
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̫Ļõͬ
ϲǿ飬̫˷ߣѾǿȥѹǳˡ
þǳλ


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˵꣬ڤ˵ͷÿС
˶Ѿд˿̵ĺˡ
ѪսңİǺܲϰߡ

ڶϳ
ͬע̫˵жʱֵ
ȥܵ͵ֻףһ
ĺϺҲ⣬УȻսš
ʱ壬ͳˮ壬ֻˮȻкܶԺǿȺ
´˿̵㡢Ϻз壬ûг壬ڸΪսͳȺء
Ŀưȣصơ
ϾϺĴ١
Ҳǽ壬Ϊ֮׵ԭΪ̫
Σ̹ŽֺϺ֮ضǵأԴ޵ġ
˿̵룬ֻԱӵ͵չ
Զ籾Ҳ㣬Ϊ̫ĴڶƱֲ˵ķ塣
屾ȴڸǹâ̫ʳ
ץ׼ʱϵ̫̫ϵ̣ͳǵв͡
ҪС̫һСǴš̫ʳ塱ͷٵġ
Ƿռʳʱû˳ֹԭ
ʱ̫ȴ˿̵޶˭֣
ŵ·˵̣һ󲻶׳ԭڳϷһԡ
ȻҲƫһԵʡ
壬Ǹռݺ

ĵսûӰǿ̫˵ķߡ
̽һԼڵԴ̫ϲüңֿˡ
Ҳٺǿ飬ʼǹλǳ֮֮ǰ
һΪɱ۵ĺ龪ˣ
ƺеˣ̫ǿһʱ򣬺Ȼ


146 أ
£
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˵꣬޲TҲı֮ǰĿ
ݣһǺ飬һޡ
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̫Ľͣ޲TǰһΨеǣֻѣҵȱ˻İвӦô죿
Ǻǣ̫û˵ЦЦˣ̫ûش޲TѾν
޲TһЦѲ˵ǿѹѡô¿У˭ҲǣһУоһС֮ж͡
޲T˵꣬ҪעģΪ˺飬˭Ӵɱ˱ǣһϵŻвӵġ
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̫Цˣ˵ǹذû˵ǲܷչˡ̣ڹ֮ڲУ干ͬһԼ̲˿ԣԼ˫ǿľˣһսˣ˭Ӯˣһ̺ԴģǣǵһӮ߲ǿбǣͱСܸһʩչҰĵ̨
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޲TʵĲͬ뵽ͨ鱣ס
޲T뵽ȴǣͨں޶ԾС


147 ӣ
˼ƿУҵðϵüλܺʹ߲㣬ҲܼЩѹ
Уص㶨ɽܺã˺ģ̹Ŵڣףû˸Ҳҵӡ
ӴɱǣǿǣҲӣ
ʱµּеϸҪƣܹΪ˺飬Ϊͨѡ
ȴˣѹ󣬱е˵ӣҵڴٳɴ£иУҵ˸ǿ󡣡
޲ǵΨһˡ

ˣһһ˼ֿܣ˽ʮʱ䣬Ŷ˼ƻ
ֻϵһȥ֪ͨʱܳ
ѣ¼ãڿʼ֪ͨϢȥһԪ󹲾ۣһԪʱ䣬زںηܸϵ
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ĺָüֻ̫Ҫ𶫺ˣϺӪ

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˵ˣʹˣǲ֪̫ټЩʲô𣬻к桢桢Tˣ֮ǰϱݺݵĴѹ޵棬˺ҰĵˣҲ֪Ǻ⼸λټ
⼸λܵǵ¸֮ˣΪ˺鲻˰Σѹ棬ΪҵȺ鲻࡭
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˲̫ټСʲôֻһ˵Ϊʲôǣڴɱʱ򣬺ĴСڸ𣿡

ƺˡ
ǵ˵ǲ͵æǰæ󣬶һȴڴɱúѪɺӣͿ̿Ϊ˸Ե˿˱˵ĸܡ
һʣĸ߲㣬֮ǰȺˣԵʽұ⣬֪ʱѾˡ
˵Ҳ˵
̫ĺ˲֪ʴȣϲӻС飬ûϺɣȥĿɣʿ԰ûѹûɱΪȫΪǰС飻ǼǸԼĵפ㣬ûаɣΨе𣬺εݣȴ󿪷֮ţһͶ·һŰϢҪ˵ΪΪΪͨΪ徴ݣ֮ʣ

ܴһˡ
Ϻ飬õԵƺб͵֮Ϊ
ϿɵġʡһĻߣܿܿӦ𾴵ġʡ
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һ֪ͨ塣
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˿̣̫ȻԼ˾Ȼ˺ܶ࣬һʱ̫ͷͨѰĵ磬Ȼƿĸо
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̫ȷˣĸж;壬Լ˸ǿչ졣
̫ãҪԼˡ
Ͼ˭ԼΪ졣
ȣˣôǲض˵


148 ı
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ڸ߲Զ
λӦ֪ˣ̫ˣټĴСɽ
ʵҲ֪Ϊ𣿡
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ֹ򵥣ֱ쿪𡣲˵ģҵֵܻܱ˵ĹϽ𣿡
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ֻǲ²⣡ҡҡͷ
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˵壬ǵһӦģ岻ɽ¶ˮԼ֪ԼĵС
Щ꣬У廹а˳ɶ룬̫ǲܵġ
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˸߾ΪģټϵȷڱӻСΪ䣬ʴ˲ĵλ
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Ľ̫֪ͣԼԭôΰ
Ȼ˾ĻϺϺΪһ龴̫ԭ
ΪԴֲֻ᣿ʵΣΪû̫ϺҲ⡣
˵ˮܵϺֻҪϺһĪչ
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ţ뵽ˣ˼롣
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峤һ԰ֻҪڣܶסʹöͰͱûѹǷ⣬Ѿʧ˺͸ӹˡ
ĺƽδԭ򡣵ǣʥԣתҲܱĺеΣա
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Ͳһˣطգ꺣Хȣÿζܾ֮
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峤Ҫô˵ˣʴȣ˵ӦûӦġǳϽƻЦ
磬˼ƿУ
ͬ
ţ˵ͷô죡


149 룡
Ĺӭʽʢ󣬲̫̫ое˼
룺һǲʲôҪԼģ
ټĴС֪£
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Ǵ̫С֮ǰ޲T˵ооԸһЩϣõǵ֧֡
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Ŷһ㶣ʲôأ
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ȻԼ磺Ǹɱ飬ͻܵȼ˵Ĺַͬ
˻һ㶣һ󵨲е
ǿΪƺмλߵվˣʾǲˣ˭͵Ŵѹɡ
ɫܲÿûǸӦǿΪ棬ƺǿѰ
Ǻǣ̫һЦҲúѰ쵽ֻѹˣ˭𡢺ü޲T˾һֽ
⡭
ˣⲻŻǼλЩɵޣҪô
֪ʱɱҲΪΪľ˲ʾǲǱ飬ǻٵǵĵġ
ܴ˵岻ֻ辶ҽڡ
޷̫Ҳ֪ãбİ취ͨԼƽս
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ϢŭҵϷˣ𣬶ҵҪΪ㣬峤λıοټ鲻ǻȥɽʱٰȻõ˵ҲԸⰴյָʾ
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һ֪̾Ϊ֮һˮеĶʵʱˮ岻Ϊ˽ģ֪ƽãѹ
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˵ʲô̫ʡ

һ˵ŵͨģҵϣʴĺ飬Ϊһѹĺ鱦ṩĲϣԼʱȫֵ֧𡭡
Ǻǣ̫һЦǳ룬ѹĺ㵱ǴѹĺҪĲΣñɣ
̫ȷˣĺޱߣҪ鱦ѹĺǿЦ
켫Ʒ鱦鶼ûǸһҲУǻ
ˡӻ֪ĺ󡣵ԶѣҪѹֻǿĵĺĺ
˵̫ƺˣ˶룬Ҳǽ𹿰
ԪʼƵĻͨƵģ̫ǵˡ
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˵ģ컯һԪд컯һԪ̫һֱòƺҵ˺ȥ
ȫѹĺ𣿼ٺҲ𹿰һΪ鱦
ҶֻƷ鱦Լ컯һԪȴǶ鱦ĲΣʱ컯һԪһҪǿ롣
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̫ȴ˵Ϊĺ飬ȫԣ鱦Ҫĵرġ
󣺡ȫû⡣
̫ЦˣԼһС
ȴ˴Լǿȥңұ𡣡
ָл𡣡


150 ׽٣
뿪壬̫һϺ
ûȥңϺĺС
ϺһУۼźܶˮĴڣ廨Ÿָ

˵Ϻ̫ӻʼûȺ壬Ҳ֪ǲǵԺ鲻⡣
һУۼһﺣ顣̫Ϊ֮ʣҲ̫ͬʼûˮ壬Ǻܡ
а֮ͲˣĺɱϣҲֻϺûбǵȺʣ࣬ڲˣȥ˵
ǰҺ峤֮ǰϺֳһ棬ڿ峤ǻ۸ԶҵȺʧ󡣡
ȷˣǴ˵زأû鱦ѹΣղϡ
һﺣ齻̸š
ǶսϺģҲ֮ǰϺġ
졭
̫Ϻ֮أ˴Ũڶ࣬νϺľڵء
ĵطȻһΪĺ壬ʹȺռˣ̫ɨһۡ
漴һݣֻҪ컯һԪڴ˵أѹסĴصϺΧ
ô˵زؾܳϫȷգȻϺ˵˵΢˵Ѿܴˡ
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뵽ֻ̫һȣ컯еĲɳ컯һԪȥ
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ֻ컯һԪ˲󣬿ʼѸٵı
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Χըײϣ컯һԪ׽ˡ
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⿴ó컯һԪǿҲó߳һƷصĲ
ˣ̫ۼ˵ǻ˴˵صֻϷȥϺϿա
ΧһˣûкǳǣǾǻᣬǵǣѧϰĻᡣ
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鿪ʼжȥ˳к˹ۿѵõĻᰡ
ǧ󡭡
Ϻ䶯ˣǰۿ̫
̫ʯˣźҲϵ˴˵أϾ벻Զ
̫ûţϵذѽӡ컯һԪĵڣֱǧ󣬺Ȼ
Χڸأѹ֮ǿΧе
׽ٵȻ֮ǰʿ˵淴鱦Ȼˡ̫˵
Χ֮ǰһﴳ̫飬̫֮Ļˡ
Ӧˣţ鱦ǲ淴죬ҪǬСǬǬʳĿĶһǬ汻龴壬֮˸Ǻܶ࣬û뵽ǬҲ淴졣˵
ЦˣԵģ˵ȻǳԽǬģǬֻǽǬѣĲ
ǣ˵֮Ϊʡƻʡ
ʱϺϲʿ۷ˣ̫淴ַޱȵĳ
ʱ׽ڳˡ
ľ٣컯һԪȻֻҪͦȥѹϺ׾٣ѹķΧܴ󣬺ܴ󡣡̫ݵ
䣡

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151 ˽ĵ
ǰʮ׽̫⣬鱦ȹǰʮ׽׾١
ĲҪעģǺŵһ
׽٣һθӦ˺Ϊĵط׽ٽڴ˿̵ĺģΪټ
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ľŵ׽ˣ̫ٳ˻ӡ

һʱסһأΧȻо岻ܿˡ
ָоǵһ̫е˳Ϸ
䣡
ɫ׽ٽ£컯һԪһ㤣鱦飬ʼͨ׽⡣
һ׽ٱһǿֱһ٣Ǵɫ׽٣ô˷ʱĩս٣ĸо
ÿµ׽٣Ȼô
Ҳ֪Ƶĺε鱦ֱ󣿡

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컯һԪƺܽϣȹ
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ɫ׽컯һԪϣֻǲⶼҪĸо
ãѵʧˣ
ܰɣʧܣ
Χסˡ
죬ʦʧܣ˵Ҫʧˣˡ

컯һԪɫ׽٣ھжȹ˽ǧʱ⡣
׽Ҫƻ컯һԪҪһĶԳ֣Ļ̡̻
̫Ѿˣ׽ֻԽԽ컯һԪֻԽԽǿ
ɫ׽ûһ˲컯һԪʱ̫ף컯һԪ׳ɹˡ
Ȼ
ǧ컯һԪһɫ׽ٱĺ컯һԪ

컯һԪ趯ȴһ裬ǿѹΧһȲѡ
ʮĽףǶε鱦
ȻȻƳ˶鱦
̫˼ˣǬǬ˵ҲƷ鱦Ȼ
Ҫһ鱦ˡ
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ʯʦ֮ǰҵȵ鱦ʦƶֻҪɲ⣬Ҳܽ׳鱦컯һԪһ
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ǼĲʱ鱦ղ⣬ʦƵ鱦ͱƵĲͬ컯֮ʦƵܲϽףƵȴû͡
ţʦ˵ҪӣڿǻӵĲĴСɽǿԼˡ
֮ǰ˱޲T˻ص̫̫Ƶĵǰѧϰ˺֮ܶǰԵֶΡ
һǸӣ֮ǰħ˵Ūˡ
ԣһֱѧϰ֮˲ϵ̡
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˵ģϺɵڶ֮࣬ǰкܶ౻ڸǣһΣպС
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ֻǴ»Ϊ߳컯һԪɷ
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߳ɹµ컯һԪȻһɫĹâҫϺѹķΧϵı󣬱֮ǰѹķΧʮֹ
ϺһСֶѹˡ

˴Բ̫㷢֣ҪǰЩöʮƷˣ˵ܴһ
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ƲһΪô¹£ˡ


152 干ۣ
ʦ
ɢȥʯ̫ǰ
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ν֮ǰ̫û
ԴˣֻҪ㹻ˣܿ޵̫ҲʼΪæµˡ
ϺΣգ˵ֶΣ̫Żġ
̫Լˡ
λӣ̫ɽȥ
̶ʱԽԽ˿̵ĺģдССɽȥ
ⲻһ̫˾ġºĹءܾһٳĻᡣ
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ԿСɽ
ںıֻΪ¸еա
֮ǰ̫˴޶Ƥ˿̺ĴСۣ˵Ϊǣǲŵġ
ˣԼһͳĲ˻ɣ̫Ĵڣñһƾе˾޴ƫơ


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ΪǷҪɱᣬ⡣ǣΪҪˡ
ˣ
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Դ̫ѹڻӺһֱûʱɽ·ϣ̫ʰһ
κ񽾰ĺܣӦϷ̫
һܳΪ񶼲Ը⡣
Ǻǣܺáֻ̫Ц˻ħԹ̳˻̳Ԫ񣬸ǡ
ֵ̫걾ڻʱֻûǵģҲǧħǶѡֻʣֻˣ˵ںĵǣӦǺ飻ûǰǱǰԹʴƻԣȴҪ飿ǾǵҰĵˣҰĶҪɱĻ쵰ôõĺģΪʲôҪǺͱȥԱ˵޵ùˣһһֱùȥµõЩֶΣ˻ħɷͨɷʴ壬ʴԪ񣬿ôǿӦòⶫΣ

̫һԽԽ飬ԽԽ£û뵽̫˽⡣
Ҳǻ飬ΪҪΪŰ
ںͺ飬ֻ˭Ҹˣ߲ˡǡɣñ𲻸ˡ
ֻ̫һӣһɫС
ãɷĥĸǿĥԪԣ

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ʹ衢ͨʹĸо
Ǿͱˣ˿̣
޴岻ϵķ̫龹Ȼĺá
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Ȼޱȵĺڣʹֱ޷͡
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СӦˣӦˡ
ΪԼܼǿǿ̫ɱԱϡ
ǣԱͱ˴ɱ󣬾㻹ʲôǿ
ȫû˼ǿɣ
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̫˵㻰˵һһ꣬š
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ڵ񱯴ˣȥ
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ˡ
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̫ٴ˵ҪʲôӦˣ̫ЦЦԪһ
ƿ꣬Ԫ
֮ǰƿظˡڤ˵ĽҪ
Ѿ̫ϷȻ̫˵ɶɶ̫ɽȥ
̫Ȼоиȷܺã
Ǽ̫ϵɽ
ণ
һʱһ
񣬲ã޴ˡ
ܣ
պգ鼰ĵĴڡ
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ʲôܣɵˣ񱻵ѹˣǿӰǲǵ𣿡
һСĳϣܻĿԼ£о̫궪ˡ
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ܶ˲Ż˹ֻǵˣ˱̫ѹˡ
Ӧָ̾ˣ̫Ȼ֮ǰֻѹû뵽Ȼ񳼷ˡ
ǰ̫ҽԲĸ־Ȼ
ҲҪ˭޿ģСĵ㣬⣬ٵ³
̫𣡡


153 Ĵ
ϲѣǱշˣϲɺء
һѴƼĵطϵ̫ص
̫һЦСһ߻ܷ첻ɣ
עصȼ˴εľۻһΪĵȼڡ
̫ü޲T񷡢Ǭơߵ롢̫ȵĴܾ;һ
̫кʵչ㣬ʴ˼ĴȥһΪ׵Ůħȴۼһ
ʱ
̫˿ߵ棬ɫ԰ףƺ֮ǰƻûȫָ̫ЦƾȻûã
ߵŭڣҪ̫һͻأ㲻ݡ
ȿȣæ̫ڹĵѣϾǵĶޣλ԰꣬԰ꡣ
ȴˡ̫˵ͷĿ⿴档
ôϣ̫ĳϼ̫İ
ף̫ⲻܵÿ𣿱ȱĶ磬Ȼܵÿ졣
̫ҧгݵġ
ȿȣͷˣͣĸ̫Բλ԰꣬԰ꡣ
ǳѾãĵĴܣʱܹ̫޵Ĺ⻷ĴƣһĿࡣ
Ƕ͵˵ģҲ̫ˡ
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˵ꡣкĽ̫޲TʱһۣҾûʲôЩ˲Ҳգ㡣
ǬȦˣֺõģôͰⲻ԰
Ǭ棿
ȦǬȻ˽ԼתͷȥȻ̫
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֮ǰҪұֽһ̫ʵ
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һĻ޲T룺Ǭ˹ȻˣҺøղűҲûۿ
ޱίǬ֪Լ˱ˡ
̫ͱλܣĿͬʱҲеϲ
ߵ棬ıƺóƺ뵽һð취
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̫ȫԸԼܲˣ˵һֱûָ
ǿ̫Լ񷡢Ǭ󣬵ߵҪһ̫ˣԼΣա
һ뷨Ļв񷣬ӶˣսǶô˵°
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ߵԼ΢΢һЦҲЦŵ˵ͷ˺ĿǬ档
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֮ǰС֮°˱ܵϺϺ˵ڵأҷ岻Σûҷ֮ȴܷŹ
˵һѣϣ̫Ҫӻ֮ǰ°˵ĵˣϣ÷ܽϺѲһ¡
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ˣ
塢塢ļλҲæʵ
̫ѾǺĴˣ̹ѪƲ٣ʹ˿̵ħ뻹嶼ġ
˵ģһ޲T壬Ѫս֪
κ壬̹ѪȻȻĿ̫̫ڣǾͲ³Կ
̫ӵĸǲ٣ڻ۵壬̫
֮ǰ˻Һ̫ѣ̫һֱ̫ѵˣҲʮλʮλǿǰʮ顣
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⡰֣ɲһܳܵģҲͲĺĺűƺ档
𣿺Ҳһѣ滹Զ
̫Ѿƺˡ
壬Ϊ̫֮ܶǰĬһּк;ηҲһֱӻ׷Ѱ
ֻ̫ǵѾɱˣһСǰСһڱǿ֮ģָһô
Ȼ̫ʵѵȾñСǺãȥ͸ߡ


154 帣
̫˵꣬塢𽡢峤Ȼ١
ֻæ𣬼ȻǲͣǾǣкܶྴηСԵľǡֻҪ𿴵ϵģ𾡹ܿڣܸŵ޵ĸ
һȣһæ𣬼ȻСˣʱǵĸҵǾȻи޵һԸģ廹кܶʲС
ҲǣҲкܶ࡭
лǰС
òŮӡȿʺܺõС
ͣ
̫еͷ󣬸æֹס﷢ˡ
̫ǻԵǣȻñС𣿡
̫ȻԼ֮ǰȷе벻û뵽Լô㣬㿴һ峤ۺģƺǵСҪһ
ûôʱȽСֻǰԼѧԼֶͨΣ˾ϣڸȫԼŬ
̫һ˵꣬ۺˣƽСҲָ㣬塢ƾʲôд˻
ǰ塭
ʨ塭
һʱ䣬ʨ塢塢塢塢ľ֮塢ȵȺܶ忪ʼˡ
Ū̫е಻ԡ
̫ȫԲᣬԼ˾𾴶治þܾ
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ǾǱȺһ;ԼȺˣȻȺ֮˴ڣֻҪˣĻᡣ
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ǳϦСȺ˿ԼȺ±ˡ
м壬è塢塢¹塢ԼһЩľ֮壬е޵ĸо
ЩǱѹȵĹˣԼȺŮӶ˴Ůū澣¯ʳ
̫һ˵ǿ԰ԼСص˷ĵĽ̫ˣϣ
ô˵ıϾٵĿ˵ģ屻Ⱥ󣬾СȺޱȵĽ
𡭡ᡭֻһ׿ԽŮ֨֨ص
СèкҪ˵̫ʵ
ǡСèʵè档
ֻèˡǣ·ϣţҪ˲Ӧ
Ȼ˵úܺǣе㲻˵
̫ˣصˣǣϺĹУᱻѹǵĴܻɱ
ߣ̫ȵ˸ңǣңʮˣ˭ҰгֱĲǣȷľǣ

̫˵꣬һСȺ˿ڵþˡ
̫֪ˣ֮ԲܣǺǿΪĹأùܡ
ȻӻʮˣǾͲһˣ˭ҰеǾǲԼˡ
ԼӣǾˡ
̫֪Լܺðʧܶһ١
ĲԼҲˣ١˶̬ĺģϾһֱԼϣ
˵˿̻ǣԼ֤ͲܲˣΪ֤̫һС

̫ı̬ΧעͷˣǷŭͬʱҲ˿
̫Եֱӱ̬˭˺ӻ֮ˣ
ܶ࿿ѹСģЩ°Ů˫޵ģСΪʳľˡ
Һ̫֮ÿʮˣǿӾˡ
ѹС°˫ޣߵʳߵū澡ȡ
Ǿûһ㣬Ҫ֮ǰѹˣ˭֪̫飬˵Ϊ޴󣬻ᷴأ
̫ҲףԼıӻֻһʱģδԼΪΪ
Ͳһˡ
ƿһк󣬸и˺Լıƽ߸ˣǾˣ
̫ôǺŸɣǸ浽ǣ̫Ҳռ
֮Ǵ˿̵ľ̫Ҳ˲ôˡ


155 ǹͷ
̶ʱ䵽̫֮޲Tˣһ
һ鷳̫ѣѴ˴ҵټԵ˵һ¡
ƻ̫ģԴ˽Ҳ̫
ô죿޲Tʵ
һ㶡
λأ
Ǻǣ⻹򵥣ȻҵȴɱͷˣټȻӶ࣬ݲǷҼλҲ֪Լ޷Ǵɱ֮ǰѣ´ȻڣʱҵȿƿصˣʱѾйˣҵȻԹˡ˿ǿӲһҲá̫
С֮ҷɡ޲Tʾܺá
ƣȻʴȣظ
ðɡеѶϡ


̫ټ˵ֶǻӣֻһ죬ЩΪĲ㶼ܲס
ٶ˵е񣬵룬ǷЦһЩΪµģǳ
˭ӣǱʾ֪ǲ
Ӧ𡢺ѡ޲TѡѺ⡣
̫˵ꡭ
ֳе㾲
̫͵ߵˣ̲סˣҪǺӴ˴εľۻᣬ˵ˡ
ѣ̫ǲǡðɡһĵ޲Tͺ
޷һЦ
޲Tʣ
ֻλѣҵף̫һ֮ɺã
ܾᣬеƣ
ԣ
ֻ¡һ
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̫ͼֱӸֳǵһݣ̫ͼûйĸоչʾѣҲͷˡ
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̹ҲûйĸоҲչʾ
ֱ޲TħҲչʾһ㡣
ˣ̫չʵҲ˵һǿӲչʾ̫ܽҪ˵Ļúܶ˲ϲ
һܶ˺ˡ
̫û뵽˻ͦԼ⵹ò
޲TˣԱ˴˶ðʱͦĲ˵ʾ˵ľĺŵ
ں̫ϼһһͦԼ
ֻ̫г̨ڰУôϣ֮ǰ޲Tüȵѣǰȥѹ棬ΪŰǿ죬ȻȻȺʹĵһĻˣȴѹ󣬺ܶȣС֮ϧȵģȴԼᣬºԹ졢ѪɺӡĿ֮꣡Ұģʶѵ֪Ұģʱ̲ģħҰѣ˺鹲֮ͬˡ

̫˵ˣһ١
ʱ
̫ϵ̫ܲɺͷķʵ֪кξ
Ļʵġ
ҷһʣֻ˿ƺһġ
Ͼֳϱעӣ˵Ķ֪˴ˣβһˡ
˺ܶ׷׺ڣԼôûʣ
̫ЦȼԼһ
ʵ𣬺ΪԼ
ʵ𡭡
ʡ
һʱߴߴ˷֣û¶е㶪
̫Ч䴦ҵѯʾͺðˡ
̫νԼȴСͬ£µľ˺𣬲ǶһпᣬǵжԵ˫λֶԾ

̫һͣνĹ涨
ʱһЩɫÿˡ
һôԼҰģ
ˣ֮ǰΪһ죬ֻ֮˶ѣΪ˱Ҫĳ֣ʱȫԲֵġ
˿̲һˣҰģǾҪԼƴˣһмλ־ˣƺûˣ
Ȼ˵ȫûãͳĶ࣬־˶ࡣ
ǣͳĶƺֻˣȥƴˣⲻа
𣬴²ɣ
Уˣ
ᡭ

ԤϵһĻˣ̫˶һۡ
󵨣˵ľȲ˵Ҫ飬ȾȻ˲ӣ
¡

飡
ǳ֣ղֱͬĽʮ߲㣬̫һչֱһɱǡ
ߣӦãӦҲҪӦֻ޲T߱ǹһɨ巽ղȷԵֱӱɱˡ
ħ޲Tһúĺܶе˺¡
²ĺһ飬û˵ڵĻᡣ
λʲô˼
ղŵһĻչöܲˣֻ޾ʵ
Ī̫˵ȥ



156 Լɣ
ȲûҪǿȵ˼ǣΪȴɡղűɱļ֮Ҳԣɱ
̫ȫûȴܵĲ˵ĸǿࡣ
º⣿ŭˡ
ȴֱ̫֪̫Ƿӻ᲻Լ²̨ʵһģĺ档
𣿡û뵽̫ôǿӲƵѣ̫˵ǰСûбλѵ˼Ҽ̫ѵ˵
һգһû˵
ò˵ղ̫˵ѪֶΣʵ˲
ûһ뿪±̫˴ɱ´˿̫˲֣̫ӣѹ
̫޲Tȣûһ֮
ֻ̫Ǿ仰ȵľֻС֮˶ѣѵλһ죬һľ棿ǲɱޣܵҵȺ顣
ֵ̫ȫԼֻǱڲɱѣοЭλԼҲͿпˣλαزʶʱ󣿡
˵ˡ
ɫÿࡣ
̫˼ǣǰԼûˣһ˿
ңǲɵ֪޵вҲ֪޲죬ֻܻһ
֮ǰ²ؼ߹˼᲻ˣΪ̫ˣǿˡ
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һĬǼλܣ
ǣ̫ѣչǿѰֻߵվ˵
̫ЦˣȻǳǿѣǿѣĳЩС֮İɣҲãѻ⣬ǿԲӦҲԣ֮ɱ飬ҵҲܣ˺ҵ޾ǡ
̫˵꣡
˴˸еˡ
֮ǰ֮ɱ˺ͻԵǿ̫˴ѹѹȫޡ
̫Ȼ˵ǲˣް͸ǺȻˡ
а
û̫޲Tλǰ飬Ǽ޵Ķ֣ٲŽᣬ³ֻǱһʳ
Ȼ޲TЦ̫˵úãȲ޾ǣްɱ˭ɱ˭ҵȺ£ߣ֪֮Ϊ˺ģΪû¸ɣﲻ֮𣿡
˳Ĭˣ
ƺҲǣ֮ǰ޲T̫ˣȷҰ׵Ĵڣĵ¡
վڱ˶¹أƺΪ˺ĺá
Ҳ֪ܺã̫ľԺĸáǡ
֪ԺĺãԽ棬Ȼϲ͵֮ˮ졣
￴óˡٵȣȷǺ÷
Щ˾ҪҪ죬ȴûרΪô죿
һ̫еĸоĶԣĺܶԣ
Լѡ񡣡Ĭˣ̫׳һ仰
˵Ҳ˽ģ˽ΪˣѺ֤
ûЩˣ޷ʱһѡ
̫鷳ˣñȵʽ˿̿Ȳа

˵Ը⣬ܶСͺԸ⣬ǰ̫˵ģǾͲرܵµĿˡ
ȻСܱ֤Ⱥй̨ƴһصĲ֪ô¾ͱˡ
ˣܶСΪȺºҲҪˡ
Ը¹أ
ȡ

һʱ䣬ܶСȺ׷׿ˣǿǿռ˶ڡ
ֱ̫ͷһۺͷеΡ
Ը¹أ
һԸ¹أ
ܶһͷı̬ѹԵͷ
岻ǰʮ壬ǰʮǵı̬̫Ҫˡ
ֻվʵ̫ѣԹɱ֮ǰ𣿡
ǣ
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158 ɳˮ
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159 
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161 ǧ磡
̫е㱵ĸо
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ҽĵۿ̫һ˵ʣֻнѣ֮ܶǰͱˡ
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ĻûԲǵСȻݱĸҪҪֺ󣬻Բ֮󡣱ƿܾǴ˵СĴڣûҵҴϴС綨д̹ŴѹţʴˣǻֻڲצɳС˳

̫˵꣬˻Ȼֻ޲T˵⣡
ǵģ⣬˽ĻȫûҪǵС硣С飿Աĵĵǵĸſп޶ѡ
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̫ͬе򣬿ǵһ˵ǧɡ֪ܺʲôߡիƤ񻰣ЩСѡ
ˣĸ񻰣ʼϴͽķ𣬸𾴺ͳݡ
ʾţС絮̵ˣΪˣפС紫
ңСϵһԭ
̫Ȼ֣Լ˺ģȥǧǧ氡
ԽԽ˼ˣ



162 
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̫ЦֻǾ絽˶ѣΪûиϡԪǻԪ˵һԲˣݵĳĴܵɱ٣ѵĵپ̫ѣǬ졢λѵɱ˲졢졢죬ǲĵپơ
ָ̫һĺĿࡣ
룬ֲúĴϲ㿴ôУϵŹ֡
ѣȲܸɺ²ʾһǬϵϵ˵˵̫޳ܵ˵
úˣ룺ôôҪƤôǺĴܰ
ȿȡæˣ֧ѣ㻹ûϵ˵˵Ǵµô
⻰̫ʵĺơ
ѣҲ̫ҪƤˣôʱ𣿡
𣿡Ҳû죬ʵǵʲôϵǿϵòϲĶﲻ˵ѣΨһϵǷľǵѣȻǷΣˡ
Ȼ˵̫֪롣
ǽĵ氡ôҪƤ
㱾ʶ˲̫ƵסҪ߱ˣɱٶȹ֣֮ᷢҪﵽľ磬ҪԲǴ֮Բѷʽ򲻿ʹˡ
ֵ̫֪˻ԪһΣӵлԪ֮壬ûעɣҲɣǾͼסҪʹǴ£ؼʱҲﵽԲ
̫˵꣬һ
̫һ֣̫ˣغ֤֪
ѣϵˡܳϿҡ
ǡ̫Ц¾ͺãȻ鷳ѣʱ䳤úܣ˵õˣʱѿɲ򷢱𡣡
һһ
̫ڿЦǵ˺ˡ

۶Ծ̫
ǿֱ޵У̫û취̫ͼ⿪ϸ˵һ
̫Ǿ춯صʽȫ̫ͼɵĵֿסˡ
̫˸ղڶѣ˴۷ˣǽ˴εˣﵽ˴޺ڶĵز
мƷ鱦֪
̫Դ·磬мƷ鱦ˡ
һλѣҪˡ
ˣˡ
̫棬οѲˡ
ǧħδ棿̫һ䡣
ˣϾ֪̫ͬܰ˼
ѻϰߵģò̫һĪĻ
⣿
˵˵δնĺܰ
뵽˺;̫̾һ䡣
ѯʵʱ
ֻ
սϣѹԵһĻ
̫桰͡һѪĵҲ
̫ϢңΧһضȹ̡
ĲΣһһĪܣο̫Ѫˡ



163 ɱ
ֻ̫ҵЦ
ɳ
·ݲĴԴޱȵ
ߣ룡
߳ģ°ҲṶ͵Ȼ֮Ѿߵ˾ͷǻع鱾ԴΣ
ֻ̫棬һЦ
ԼԱӵ̫ͼ첻˺
Կ̹Ȼȥһҵļ
û𺳺Ա̫ߵĺƽ͡Ѿ׼ãػһص̫һ¡
ֻ̫ıԴһźĶȥļ鱦Ҳ
һʢ˽ܶһι۴˾飬Ȼû߳
Ǹ߸ϵ̫ˣ𺳿֪
ϲѣ
ϲѣ

ϵ˷ܵģϵĵϣҲ̫˱仯

̾͸̾ˣ̫û˿ĲӦǿÿ
һüҲǶȥ
һʱ䣬üǺ޲TˣνջܴҪʱһ¡
̫ףԼˣ޲TȳĬʱ̡
̫ҲҪʱջ
ټ죬¹ǿ̫ҪľΪﵽԲ˺׵硣
뿪峤ǸæصԼȺУѡʵʮǰϺ
Ȼǵ뿪ԼԼʢϢѸٴ˺ġ
ںı
޵ĴӪС
̫Ѿ⣬Ǵʱ޽Զûгͷ֮ա
Ļ˵ĺֻءŴһ˼
ֻֻʣѣô
Ȼվ˼ǰⲽ
˺һᣬֻеɱֻгܱ֤ǵİȫ
ǡֻʵ̫Ϊڶ࣬Ҳܴɱ˶ѡ
ߣһߣ̫裬ܵ˵衣
ûҲҪУѾУ´ɱҲ̽ʵԽԽã̫壬˻ǿʱûˡ
ֵ˴κԼӦ֪ˣԼĳ֣ǼΪ޾ͲܺľǣǵĹϵɱֻǲлʶǡΪ̫˵Լ֮ǰǵļƻѾˡ

ʣ̫֮ͨǰɻûȣβɱ޲Tߺˣֻ軵
ǰǺ޲T˿û̫ڣֶܴɱǡ
ȷˣȵĻޡ
ǡ
סڣֻһ֪ʲô
ߣΪɱ޲T޲TͱͬԴɱ֮Ϊܿǿǡ
ǲҪˣ̫в𶼻ɣ´ɱ޲TŹ̫±ɱ޲TΪپ첻̫Ϊǿٶȣ
һ̾ʱкΰ취̫
ֻ̫ظ̾
̫أűҵȶ£治Ϊ֮ǰڻԣ
ֶֻԾŴˡΨһĵˣ˵Ψһû취ֻ̫һˣ޲TҲǺ޲TͺҲаմɱǣҲܾ˵ľ棬Ψ̫һ취ûС
ֵֻ˵ĺܶԣȶ̫첻ɶ˺ҲҪΪǲɱ⣬ҲӱܣǸԸޡ
ۿһ۾Ŵ̫Ǵ鷳С鷳ǲ鷳½С鷳Ҳô鷳ɲɻ鷳

һ޳Ĭˡ
Ѿ֮ǰһκ̫ƵˣǿĴ󣬾Ȼ̫û취ȷ˾֡
ҡֵֻ
һ㲻ϣʹƴ˴̫ջ󣬶޲T˲ԣһʱò̫г־սҲصǰǻҲϣ̫𡣡
ò˵涼Ƶˡ
̫ջܶ࣬ƻʣѾۺˣҪ̫ǿ󣬻类˴ɱˡ
˵̫ĴޣĿǰΪֹ˺һѣʣĶ˳ۡ
˵񷡢ߵˣǺ޲̫ȥ
Ǿ˾ˣǺʱ֣
չֻͳһ˹̵ͳ£ѡ˳ӡ
ȻԽԽãԼˣ̫ϲҰ׵ֵĺʱ
˴̫ջܶ࣬ڸϺ·ϣͳģ𡭡
ֻصǾ䡰˵Բԡ
Լܸɵ̫޷Ǹ˴ѡ
Ȼж˵Ǵɱ̫Ǽ٣ʵΪ̫ĵƣ˳̫ܽǾˡ
ֻҪ̫˲ᣬǾѸٺͺ鿪սû̫ĺ飬Ȼкܴܶڣֻؿ
治Ҳϵĺ飬Ϊݡ


164 
Ҫǰǿ𣿡
һ˸С
ʱȥǿҼźˣֻҪҾСοЦο޲T˶ҲģһǾȥǿպãҲǰԼ֡
̫˵ͷ
֮ǰ޲Tˣ̫ٿ棬ƿǿգʴ˺̫涨Լ
ǿǹͬӻ˭ƿǿյ
Ҳãǿչûкķ٣ҲûкĶ˶ʡ̫ЦȻˣˣ˴ջڶ࣬Ҫúõıչظһ¡
ţ˵ͷҲǣ֪ô£ڤΪ;綼ͻƵͷ

˵̫ЦˣǺϵ߷߲ƽĵط
Цʲôɻ
ûʲô̫ش˵˸Դ֮ˡ
ν⣿
Ӧ֪ɱٰɣɱֻأ
Ȼ֪˵Ϊںɱٻḣĳ֣ȹɾ͵ɲɲҲֻ֪ǲ֪ҵɱǺˣ
˵꣬ϲƽͣĵһ̾治ɱˡ
˵ѸԵ񰡣ɱѾˡ
⣿⣿
̫ЦΪСͻƣһЩֶΣǿܿó˵ɱ٣˵Ӧ֮ˣɱ˻죡
̫˵꣬ȻȻ
ô˵ô˵ҵɱѾûˣѾϽˣ
ǰ̫һ֮̾ǰϵԴ˷߷߲ƽĻ˵չǬϵϵˣǵɱǲ죬ҲȽˡ
ԭˣЦ
ֲΪԭһɱأȴ֪ѾˡǺǡ
澹Ȼ鲻ԽЦˣЦĺܺÿ
Ҳ֪ٵΣգ֮ǰĻ͵ߵٵ˿̵̫
һһľ棬νܲпᡣ
Ļȶħ
԰̫ǱͺãΪɱٷˡ
˵̫Ȼ뵽ʲôæˣעһ壬֮ĸǳ岻ܷ¡
֪ˡ
Ӧĺܸɴ֪̫࣬޹ʵĶ˵Щ⡣
ΪﵽԲʱҪ޵һҪԲԲҪĥ֪ͺãҪ⴫
̫һ¡
Ȼ룺ԭôҪ岻ܷ¡
ȻԾˣ
Ȼ̫֪ЩǾ˵̫ΪѾﵽԲˣҪ
𾪣

С̫꣬һ˻ص·
˿̣ԼĻع顣
ԼϢˡ

Ǻǣ鰡̫ƻʣƣư
ȷˣ¸أϲӻС֮ʵĳν
壬ʵɢҲƺ𣬵ԿٵһӻС飬ϺѾΪһʥˡ
ǰѹ棬죬¸ء
ƺ̸۵ģ̫
޲T˵ĹףܶѡԵˡ
Ϊ̫Ҳǹϵĵһ֣ʸǿߣǿ߾ˡ
ֻסһģڵڶ˭⡣
˵Լ֤ܵ˸ҲӣƻؾǺʹԡ
ǵģݴ֮գǴһ˳ǰϲ˵ġ

ݴ˴λжܵľսֳ̫ͼ棬ɱ̫棬һλˡ
Ҳ֪Щǰôˣôϲɱأ֮ǰǻ͵ߵ棬̫棬
˵ĵʿ̾
޲ĵˣûǰҪԼɱ
ʵ˴ӱӱܹʿ޿ν֮ǡ
ĪҪ̸˵飬λǰȻǵĿԣ㿴ûֹ˵Ȳ֪ĵط
ǣǣҵȲҪ̸˵顣

˵屻˳ЦˣһСʡ
˺ܶΣ˵ˣҶڰЦ壬˵Ӳ⡭

ԼԼԼ飬Ѹٴ˺ġ
һεʢ£˿ν˽̸Ļ⡣
Ϣ󣬶ˡ
̫ΪҪˣǱἰ
ǿڱԳƣ̫𡱣
̫ľηνˣͬʱƻʣ̫ʡʡʡģ
иɣΪ˻֡
ԼĳνǶԵģ˵Ĳԡ
̫ϻϺ·ϣʶǿ󣬾˺ִܶ
̫еЦãǡʡʡǡʡ
ƻʵĳνǲɱˡ


165 ֻ죡
ֺԽԽߣ̫ԽԽǿ
Ķʱ̫ΪѾѹƲסˡ
ˮɺֻҪչͻƾͿɡ
һ
ڹǿˣ֮ǰﵽ˵ľ磬̫Ϊ˿Ҫͻˡ
̫޺۷ΪΪ컨
˿̴֮һҲҪˡ
ֻҪʮƷ̫Ϊ޽ԲΪΪһ
Ϊһó̶ȣ̫׵ʱ̡
һɽȣ
ֳ̫ʱ̣ʼ̫һģⲼ¶𺳡
˵̫ҪչͻƴԲĲΣȻøڵϡ
֮ǰ潲ʱѧСǶ˳
ֻ̫һץƾģŲֱǿ֮
ƺȻںǿУһ
ֻǳ֮һӣǳ֮ʼ˴ۡ
̫ﵽʱ֮ĸһֻͨ죡
һƴ޾ռ䣬ȻһǳУ˵ֶζô𺳡
Ψһ磬ʱ̣֮֮תνޱȵԲ
ʩչֻ죬ó̫ͨ
ֻпʼ任ַݱǧһ㡣
ǳ֮
ƺһǳ֮ҪһŨǳ֮ǳ֮

˴󵨣
ֻʱ
ػǳˣǱ̫й
Ǹǳתտǳ飬ǶԴ˺⡣
˵̫˵ǿѹ̫ǳຣǶ̫ġ
ңǳչǵļңȻϲƻ
ʴˣȻֵĴ֣ȡǳ֮ޱȵķŭ
ǳ̫˱ӻȻ˼ɣ˵ʼǴֹȥ
ס֣
Ȼһ԰ˡ
̫Ϥˣ̫
ݼ̫𣡡
˲ͣסֵǳҲ֪̫ǣֻ̫Ϸĵطݡ
ȡһЩǳ֮ĪҪţȥɣ𲻻ƻ˴
ǣ
ǳˣԭ̫𣬹ֲø˴󵨡
̫ʼӴȡǳ֮
ֱʮʱ䣬ֻǾϣʮεǳ֮
Ǿһգǳ֮漴źĶȥıСȻص̫֮صʱֻ̫ʮǳ֮
ͨãķҪ׵ˣô޺ڵķ߶ͨȻܡֹ̫
֮ǰͨǵ󣬴ԭͨġ
ʮķҪ̫ҪѹƲסͻˣ̫ʹá
˺̫óһƿҩԼź󣬲Ż˹
ȡǳ֮Ϊ˲Сǳ󷨡
֮ǰӻǵõԪˮ죬ԪˮȫԵʹá
ԪˮСǿ
Ԫˮ֮ǰܲҪܣ̫ѹˣ˺󷴿ûãľͣˡ
鱦飡˵ֻǿǶܷնѡ
ԪˮݱܷӦ뿪죬˺ĪָȥѪ֮Уڤӵõ
βһˣѹԪˮˡ
˺ͼˣ̫򵥵һ¡
Ԫˮ죬ɢ֮ǰıܣȥ̫ʱ򣬺Ȼ̫֡
ΪַˣԪˮ쾹Ȼʼ̫
̫ԪˮյԪУԪˮ֮ǰڻǣǿ鱦
̫󣬺Ȼֺöɷ鱦Լǵͺͨʹˡ
Ȳ˵ֿԴ˿츫ͲڴԪˮ졣
ʱҲ򵥣ԴĪĻ飬Ҳ߹ԪˮҲռô
ʮƷ컯ȣһңƺҲռˡ
⣬컯ƬûԴҲǿףҲռˡ
ǺߣǴºʹۣ֮˫Ԫˮְˡ
Ψ۸ľ컯Ԫ̫յõĻȪˡ
컯ԪƷȪ춥
ʴˣԪˮ켷ǵλãǡ
̫ԪУǸս
鱦飬ױȵϡ
һƷߵ鱦ռԪλãֻǱԵ
ʱ̺;Լӣһֱռ̫Ԫġ
˵ˣԪˮ˼ҵսȻ̫
̫ĺܿ죬򵥵˼κ󣬾ܵСǳˡ
˴̫ͻͻȻȻ˵ʱ󷨡
̫ܸ߰ȴɵ˼ɡ
ˣǳ֮ˣԪˮҲˣ̫ʼ


166 

̫󷨺񣬴ʱѾ׵ĳˡ
̫ɷĥʱ䣬Ҳָˡ
ү
ֻ̫һӣСǳ󷨳ˣҪչأڴΪػеð߸ɱۡ
ǣүͷ
Ϊ̫ԲޣСǳ󷨣̫νһʧˡ
һк̫УΪͻƵȥ

̫û̽չأǼ򵥵һջ
ջ񣬾ǵõδ¡
ѹϺ컯һԪΪ̫õĹ²࣬пޡ
ԼĽջаɵĿ칦¡
֮ǰ̫ʱҲ˰ɴµĶѡ
̫λôղڻõʱ
Լ׵ʱ򣬲õµʱ̡
£̫̽һԨеõĻȪ졣
ɷǿȴúܡ
߼˵·ߣʺ̫ʹá
ˣ̫ûǺ֮ǰὣһղõʱ˵
̫д㣬ԼΪﵽԪɵʱҪֳһ̫磬ԼҪĴ
̫Ϊķ׼ҪѰһЩõ鱦
ὣͻȪΪ׼ġ
ǻȪ컹ὣǹ̫Ҫ취
Ȼ̫ʮʮƷľʮĵƵĶ鱦ǿ
̫ƺܸԣʮ侻׼õ
⣬޲TΪħ󣬾ôޱȵ
ʱʿҪħȿ飬ħ롢áаȵĿǡ
˿̿ƾֻзã̫ȴ֮
ˣ˴誇ݺľˣ̫´˸õ鱦Ҳ״辻
Ȼ
̫룿
ʹþеӡ
̫㣬òķ鱦ǾͰ컯ʹã컯ķǿ
ȻбĿԿǣĲ¯Ͳ
г𣬲ϼһҲԼ
Ǭ̫ͼȷǿ
κΣǬ˺ϵʱѾˣ̫ŹøԼ
̫ȥϾá
˵ˣǬ󻹻дô̫ͼһǺ󱲵Ŀҷ̫Ҫ̹ŵĵϵȥᣬ̫ʾͦˡ
ˣǬ̫ͼ̫Եͺãܵõ͵õòҲȥӲ
Ĳ¯Ͳһˣ֮ܷŹ
Լĳָı˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪Ǭˣ᲻
еѰˣҲ֪Щϼһﻹ᲻ϵһڱĳ֣Ѿı˹켣ˣһɱ̫ϵ֤˺ܶࡣ
̫ҡҡͷ
ȥˣһһŵòõķ鱦
̫ٿǱ顣
ǳԪУűԴϵǧħ
Դӵõһֱûʱ̫÷һָͻƣԼǧħĵϡ
ʱ䲻ţת˲ǧʱ䡣
̫ڸеʱķ֮ǰѾָˣҲǻָ򵥡
ǴﵽͻƵıԵһžҪͻƵĵز

̫붨˹θʱ䲻ջûж
֮磬ȴǹࡣ
Ǿͻưɣ
̫ջһи֪ȫȫͶ뵽ͻС
һŵҩǣһӡ
ֻ̫ԪʼγԲ״߿Ѿŵġ
ľ̫Σޱȵһ㶼ġ
֮ǰ̫ϣػʱǰš
˿̵̫ν࣡
һƷƷƷƷ
ŵĶţֻܱʼۣ̫©һ޾
̫չصĵطһһڶýʿ
˵ۣ֮˵֮š
ػ컨ӡĹͨ
Ӵ˹ͨأ
˿̵Ĵ޽ɣ㲻𣬲޽ߡ
졢ءңҲ˵졢ء
Ŷ˺źһ졢ءںϣǵ
̫ҪԲʱ̣
ʱ
׼ʱֻأԼŴڳˡ
Ȼ֮ǰػѾԾ˿ͷϵĥѣǶĵĿʡ
û̫Ԫ¡ѾͶˡ


167 ͷ
ͷ
̫ҪԲʱһڸϵ˴˵ء
˭
ֻһ䱾Ѹٵĸֳ
ηС̫񣬵ڴ˱չأȰȾ뿪
ȥܽ
˶ߣ̽ѰǺˣо֮ء
ͽˣ˵ʲô˵˵ΪԶԶ
ʴٻ˵̫ڴˣСȥ

ֻһŷŭЦ
Ц̫ϤˣЦ
ǣ޻ʴˡ
񵨲ʵ
ãã֪޻ʣΪֻǡ̫¡أ
ߣֻһߣֻسˣֻһ֣ŴԼ޳ˡ
̫ѵˣ
沢û񣬶ǿܡΪ̫ˡ
Ͼ񶼷ˣֲ̫ˡ
һ̫ûг֣ɻ󣬹ʴ˿ˡ
𣬵ڣϾͻ˵仰ޱȵļ尾
˵̫ڱչأڽҪͷǸϿƿ󷨴ɱ̫
Ԫϡĺȴˣˡ
ʣһ󷨡
ʱ
ֻ˵
ʣ̫ض֮ڣֻΪʲô
ţ
ףȻ䣬ֻƺʲô
ûᣬ̫ضڱչأǹؼʱ̣ȵͷˡֻ˷ܵ
죬졭˲ϲüңָӾŴ󣬶ȴסҪ
߱ʣ̫ǲڱչأȲϵļӴɽ񣬾Ȼȥĸо
ΪεĲ࣬Ҳһֱͳµĺ֢
֪ɱң
ޱȵļ尾̫ǡС
ʱ
Ŵ¡¡Ŀʼƻ󷨣ȻССǶ
󷨼ʯһҪƿĺۼûС
ʣ󷨷ǿȿƲ
֮ǰģ˼
ֻһ֣ڰĻˡ
ùǱ̫ѹ˿ֱĺڰĻѹˡ
һѾֹһε̫ȵźš
ûκλظ
˵ʲô
˵̫ıչأѾҪʱڣѾջеĸ֪ʼȫͻˡ

ÿ
ֻˣкŴȫ߶󷨶ȥ
䣡
ײһ㣬޴죬ƣΧΪһƬҽ
ֻضֻס̸ֻһء
أ֮ǰǹΧﶼܸӦĵ
ˣ
湥ɢȥԾķ֣ԼȫĹȻûһƿǻǳ󷨡
⣬⣬ѵǶ󣿡𾪵
ȷǣҲ˵ԣֻֻҡͷǶҪǿƺǶ󷨣ȵĻһ󷨡
ôȥżʣ̫ʱ˵ͻƵĹؽʱڣƲ󷨣̫˳ͻˣȾûһ˿Ļˡ
ֻ֪صͷ
ǣֵֻǶûծֻƣ̹žģ֮ǰǳħ֮Ժл磬Ϊûծֻơ
⣡
ǰղֻصǰֻصǰǰʮĻħŵڼ
ˣǶûֻϤ
Ҫʱˣȫ󡣡
ֻֻض˵߶ֻСǶȥ
Ŵһۣ˸ָһ˴ֱӴϡ֮ǰ̫սµĻһγˡ
ֳɻǹͬʱ߶
¡¡~~ϣתֻΧʱմҡɽ顢صת
ÿһǰޱȣ
̫󷨵ǳ֮Ѹٵš
ǳ֮Ĵʱ򣬾ƽʱ
õ˺ûֻأܾʹ˴˲ٱƴһصĹ

˿̵̫ڹؼʱ̡
˾ƷǻʮƷһ
˵ˮɣһ˲ŵģҲҪһʱš
~һ̫ڿʮƷ
̫˿ֻҪȹ̾Ϳˡ
ף
ſʶ˲䣬ֻһȵԪ
̫ޱȵɻ
~
̫ûӦһ̫ˡ



168 ײ
˭
̫˿֮ǰ춯صĺûСǶƿ
ҡҡ׹ǹϿóСǶ󷨣ƿԶˡ
̫ͻơΪҪһʱĹ̡
˾̫˼ɲôˣͳһƿתҩȥ
ŨҩѸٵҪķ
ʱ
䣬
СǶƿˡ
桢ֻصˣ̫ϥ˲ǰһ
֣
죡
һ˺û̵סʱĹ̫ȥ
ʵ̫Ҳ㡣
ʱ̫Ѿǿסˣ֮ǰ񼸴δ֪
Ѿѹˣʴ̫ƾͼƣΪĿνС
̫Ŀʵܼ򵥣˴Ȳ˵ŭ𣬵㲻ҪԼͲܷŹǡ
κΣܹԼ̫׼ʱѹ

벻һˣҲ
û̫ڱչض˾裬Ȼ󷨵ʽ֣̫ܱ
ǻ󷨣ѹߵġ
Ȼˣ̫㱣ˡ
˿̣ǿΪβҪĹԼʱ򣬶鷳
Ц˵޴ֻأ̫Դ·ģ˵ֻطӡ˴˷ء
ҪǴ˴Ϊͻƣ֮ǰ˵ԵʣþҲ˵ĲΣ˵̫ʩչʱ̣һǱ
˵޴󣬵ֻˣϣѾ˴޽ԲĲΡ
ˣ


¡
ֻ˵Ĺ֮ʣ̫üѸٷɳʮƷͻӡ
Ѹչٵĵס˵Ĺ
һʱ䣬ֻţɢҵײʹΧ˲仯һƬޡ
ֻصֻסһأ»ң

Ĺɢȥֻ̫һХ
˭ô޳ܣȻҪƤ͵ϮԭС󡣡
Դܣ̫һ͵Ϯʧֻܵصˣŭա
̫ҪΣ֪ڱչأ»ûȹ̾ɣ˵棬㲡Ҫ˵޵ȫԸ
䣡
̫˿еܣֻ޴ûĻϮֻصֻһϮ
̫ٱֻһΣɲǼʩչ˳
кһɫ

̵ֻֻأһȣֻһ̫Ĺ˷

ֻ̫Ѹٵɳ
䣡һֻסһ
̫ͷ֣һر̷ֻӡסˣҲΪô깥Сǳ󷨣֪ԭ
̫˿еıܺȴˡ
ֻؽĲԣ֮ǰɱ޼һһأñӲȥ˺ټ˵ȫɱߡ
ԣ˿̵̫Ǳߡ
̫ΪҲӳ̵ֻķӡ־ܰɡ
ֻһղ̫ǵ֮ǿȣһ
֮ǰ޼Աû
ֻغܽţ̫ƿӡϴ̫
սãϹûôֻҪССãĴܾͻõޡ
ߣ̫һȻģǱͺͶһսΣ
̫еŭˡ
һ˱ľ棬ΪԼôľ棬ȵʥ˳ʱ
ʱ򣬾ԼΪĺܿ죬ûܴﵽԪ޼ɵĵزܴﵽԪ޽ɾͲˡ
ʱ˽ݾʥˣǿӳԪ޼ɵǽԴʱ̫ãԼвܻ֡
缸λʥ֣ߺʱ֣ԼͻѣҲ˵൱
˿̣
޵ϣ̫һı
ܻбʱ̡ѹ׵ʽ̫治ʾǺ˾֪ˣԼĵƾûˡ
뵽ˣ̫ʼȫԸ
ԲΪʹԲķ͹ʱ޺̫սĻ찵ء
ֻѹһʱգѾûκһȫ޴Ĺನ𵴳˷ɻҡ
̫չǸͻƲã·൤ҩһսȻеĵĸо
ʵһҲˡ
֮ǰǷѾ˼ƿСǶ󷨣⵹ãûȻָһ£ͺ̫ս
ֶ˼졣
̫ðһӡȻǿɵ󷨣̫һЩƣʮ󷨵޿Ѫɼһӡ
ֻغһ
Ǽ̫ʩչһкҲƣӣΪ̫ڵƴ̫óѹ׵ֶˡ
Ȼ̫ûС
취


169 ɱʽ
󷨣ѵҪʩչʱ̣̫һƣ̵ֻķӡ̫ˡ
ҪĴӡأ̫ǻܣĶݷڻ֮ĵһ
Ҫܣˡ
󷨣̫ܶܲˡȻǲ޽ս̫ȫҲȥ
˿̣˲̫ᣬ̫ȫǿ˼ȥо󷨡

ʣȥǰ취ȷҪĴˣ
Ҳùʼûͣ¹Ǳ̫ܡ
סȵæʻǶıֻصѿа취
а취ʩչˣҲû취̫ĻӺ̨̫ԱҲֻҲգûô
޻ʳһˣȻû취
ףԱ
Ȼʵ
ѣʲôֻһ㶡
ˣѿžͺãȶǡֻ˵꣬ѸٵŴѸɢȥϢһ¡
⡭ŴˣĻæǣʣ
ȻһĻ̫ˡ
ôˣ̫ץʱָн˼
˴޻ʳΧ̫ʵֻռò
Ϊ˵ĹӺ;ˣֻ̫ҪָͿɡ
Ψ󷨣ⲫ;ֻ̫֮أֻԼ
˵󷨳ȥ̫˲˺ܶࡣ
ʱ
ֻһӣ󷨵ޣ˾Ŵͼǵ⣬ʣʮ޾Ȼٰ̫Χסˡ
ţ̫һ㶣ĵǸ
벻ôˣֻ̫߻ӳޣۿҪڹ»Ϊһҡ
ʱ

¡¡
ָֻޣ޿̫ʱ򣬼ͷɲε˲ԱˣУʮڻ̫Ϊޡ
Աڻ̫Ҽ޳û̫Ա
ã

̫ˣû뵽ѪȻɱʽԼ
ֻأŴȴۿһУ˳ٵĻָ
̫һףԭԼ֮ǲˡ
ɱʽĹֻΪԼУԼûлָʱ

̫ǧ㣬û뵽д˾棬Ѿˡ
¡첻ϳ֡
¾ͻӷǿ󣬵ȻҪָӲٿء
Ҫ̫Ҫ֧֡
Ŀľˡ
ɶ񣡡
컯
λβȵľͻӣº죬Ҳס⼸˵Ա
ʶ̫һ컯
컯Ա̫õһֱûʩչĻᣬ̫鱦͵ҩר¯
ι˲ôˣ̫컯
̫ȻֶΡʲôôϤĸо
̫컯ŭͬʱ˿
ԼĲԶˣǲϵս̫ĵߣ̫ûкֵʱ򣬾̫ʱ
ǬϵǬѵҲǴ̫Ȼ񡣡ָֻһ˵
ֻغʹɱʽ̫컯һܿģһ
̫ģӦþⶦûǿĵ¯Ƴõҩ֮ǰɣѾˣ̫˵ͣǴ˶ġ
һָԱһߺֻ̫ĵƣ˱˴ƲͽȫΪ˸׵˽̫˳ɱ̫
Ѿֶ̫ܼã
޲ϵԱѾһֻԱˣ˵ٸ̫ҽɲεޡ
˵ҲڵѪ
Ϊ˴ɱ̫Ϊûᣬҧš
˵̫컯ó̫˲ܣҪƴˣҹò˶þͻнֻ˼
ֻ˵꣬˵ͷҲˡ
̫бǾ͹ˣк˱̬
Ȼֻֻƺ뵽ʲôæѣһָ̫ȻᣬҪȫסֻ̣ܷӲʵ̫ƴһʱ򣬿ǵˡ
ѷģֻҪӡס˷ؾУǱ˷ˣҵȹһǾͲˡ
ȷ
̫
ޱȵıޱȵơ
һֱڼ֣֮ǰ˼ҪҪʱƣ
ɱʽԱʱֹ˼̫ûˣֻӳȥ
һθܵв
޲ҪԱ̫Ҳֲסˡ
˿̣̫һᣬһʩչʱ̵ĺûᣬѺƿ̵ֻķӡ
ֻڵűķɣǾɣˣѾԱ˽޴󲻿ˣʱˡ̫м㵽
Ȼֻԭ򣬻һԭǣ˼ˣȥԼֲסˡ
ȣ
¡
֣


170 ڵѪ
ֻ̫һȣ
̫æ֣죡
¡
ʱֻ޲ҪĿʼӴһԱ
ʱ
Աըһ㣬̵ֻķӡ
̫˿̸Ľ
ԱϮӡ컯ʼȫ
ըһسŻص
ʱһĻˣ
ӹâǣ̫ƣȻ䣬ǳ˾޴Ĳҩһ㣬Ȼɢ֮ɫ
û
̫ΪʱƴˣҪʹʱ̣˳֮ǰõĴҲˡ
Ǵ£˵ǴԴϸԺ˵¶ʥҩһʣѾܸ
ƣ
¡

ͣȫֻһѪ
ֻ̫гкߣһɫ̡
ãֻغ
ƣ̫ȣ
һʱ̵ĹֻѪֹҡҡ׹ķӡʼûƿ
̫һһƽֻֻ޵Ĺ
Ǵ޾谭Ҳƺûʲô谭ڤڤгִ֣ڤڤйֱʤ
¾ŴҪ֪
䣡
˵ĴֻǱ˹һֻֻ֣֮ǰӡصľĻʧˡ
ã쳷
ֻɫ԰ףһѪʱѾˣ֪赲ס̫ˡ
ˣ˺쳷
¡¡
ƿķӡվһ֮ǰɱεĺܵˡ
̫˴սܱߣоһһΣȻƺһžҪһ㡣
ôˣ鲻ʵ
ӳ̫

̫Ѹٷգɽ̫ЦΧʱеŤĸо

ֻ̫һɫĹâ޶ȥ
ã
̫ס֣
覴ѵ棬̫Լ޴ʱˡ
ޱȵ̫ûޣȫ
̫⣬ûܹôıֶӳ

𣡡
һ󣬳ǿģŴϵģʣµ޸߲ǿ̫߱һա
˳ǻӡ~һҲе
ǹһղΪ˻ֻܷܹ֪ӵܡ
ӳˣû˸ѹ̫ʱҪڴչˡ
׻˵úãʲôˣʲôĵС
Ҳϲѵ𵴳ɻҽˣֻһѹˡ

ǽ˲䱻Ϊҽ
ȥ
鱦飬֮ǰ̫û취ֻܿӷ
ڣֳʱ̵̫컯;ķѾްˡ
˵޴ѾȥֻˡǾŴĹ̫Ϊ⡣
Ȼԭǣ̫˴£˲䷨Բ壬ղűԱˡ
ʶ̫һֻӻͻ͵תţΧ޾籩ֻضȥ
֮ǰѡ񣬱̷ֻӡסˣˣӷŭģǡӡ鷳ȥˡ
ȻǻӺ;ӡΪ˻ֻֿ̫ܱ
ֻ̣ûǸӡͻӡ
̫һ˿ƿػӣ˳ۿ;Ŵ
ߣ
̫뷢йǣһֱĴ޶Եõ˿̲˵һ仰ֻ뱨

ֻʱһָʱ֮ѸŴȥ
ʱ̫а뷨̫ˣҪסŴȻڻɷѵǡ
ңѾˣ޵ĸ߲㣬Ѿ̫ɣ̫ŹʣģȻ
ƺˣȿʼ鷳ģ̫
ֳɫ̫֮Ϯ
ǸϺˡϺҲзŭʱ
֮ǰΪ˻ֻ̫ܱʯڻ鷳

˲仨봹һµʥ֮⣬ǵĻס̫ɢľ֮Թεһȡ
˻ᣬŴУλߣǿֿܵľʣµλֻλǿԱ
ʬǱŰȻֺ֮أʱ̫ʱ˲䶨ס
Ĺһ̣̫ʱ˲ѹʧĠʬ

ʱЯƿʥ棬ɻǹ̫Ϯ
̫һ֣ӡ档
¡¡졭һĲ
ѳɶ֣һα̫ѹˡ
Ҳڴ˿̡
Ĵݵ˵طʲô󣬾ȻһɫȫĬˡ
ûһǰ޽˺ĸأϹΪ̫



171 
̫
һŭѪ̫ʵ۵˼㡣
η̫ļƻʧˡ
֮ǰǵĺܺã´ɱ̫Ҳˣ̫ûˣҲ̫̽ĵߡ
̫ˣƺûеߣֶζˡ
ʼΪӮˣ˲תˣ˺ɱʽԱΪҪӮˣתˡ
е˾ĸо
û뵽ʧ˵ľ޴
ס֣̫㵱𲻸Ҵɱ𣿡Ƶ棬ֻһС
̫еˡ
̫ٻ˻ӣǱֻص񽻸𣿡
ǺǣȻ̫ѡֵҿ԰񽻸㡣ǣӦʬ꣬͠ԴΪ㱣֤󲻱޻ʳҲҵĽ
һ˺ü̫ۡ
㵱𣿻㿴˿̵ľ棿̫ʵ
˱ʲ˵Ҳˣ⣬ѺιʹһЩС֮Ӧ㣬ģӽԺ޾ǵѣ֮޻رᣬɺã
˵⻰̫Ҳơ
˵ĺܶԣôĶźû֣һǰĶûУ̫е
ȻֻǰܣͨҲãġ
üˣ̫Ԥƣ˵ȷ֪Լ˵˽⣬˾ԲԹۡ
Ӧ֮ǰջܴڱչأûзֶѣҲǾԶһʱϲ
ֻ̫еܶѡ
Լϣķ٣ʵпᣬ̫Լ
ûУûⲻԼϣҲԼĵԼûд
ԣα˵Ϳأ
˲̫뿪ˡԼģôôô룡
ðŪǷǣֲ˵ġ
ֵ̫ľ˿Ըı䣡
̫ѣҲǻ飬ҵһĳιһСֻҪѴӦһʳǵѾ޻ʳĵλʣ֮£ɺã˺üѪֻأҲͼӴˡ
̫ޱȵƣϻ˵Ҫͼı䱾뷨ǽ
ҪԤбĵģŲűڴɱʬ͠ꣿֵ̫
ǵѿɷӦҵȵҧгݵʵڤ粻̫ˡ
룺´Ӧʸղŵľʽ˺Ҳɵ㡣
Ǻǣ̫Цˣƻˣǲűֶΰ
ֻ̫һ֣̫С
ʾң
һҽУе;Ŵѡ
Ǳµõͨݴ˻ɷۣʴԪ񣬸ʴǿֶܼá
˵꣡
ɱң̫ɱң
ֻǼ򵥵˲䣬ܲˡ
ⲻΪϷ̫ǴССʩչһɷ
˿̠ģ֮ǰĲп򱶣¶̶̵һ̼䣬궼ĸо
̫ס֣
㡭
Ӧ㣡
汻ߴ顣ղûǵԱѾߴеܲˡ
οŠ걻ĥߴеˡ
Ŀ涼ֿסˣ޻ʳоԵ
ԵҲļ̤
ãǽ񣬴⡭滹û˵̫꣬ˡ


Ǡҽ
ס֣˵꣬˵ǻ͠Լʬ񣬴˺㲻Ҫҵ뿪˵˵̫Ѿɱɵĸ֣㻹ôҵȲ𣿡
˵̫е֣ԼǴ󻵵һ
Ķ͵ϮǾȻȺһˣֱд
ֶ̫
ʱ
ң
̫Լ˾һս
뿴޸𣬸ޣѡûǶˣ񻹻š뷨ѹ󣬾ˡ

̫վǶԼ˺ӣۿȥշʱ䲻á
̫˿ìС
ǣԼô죿
ȥޱ𣬻ǰ쵰һʳ
ìˡ
Ըģľгر
ֻһĴܸˣֲ̫ˡ
ԣеˡ
ãӦ㣬ʬ̫꣡͠ڵͷ
ˣֻ˿
˿̲ڱ̫Ӧ̫ìУʱҪ෴Ч
ˡʡĿ̫ĴҪȥ



172 ȴ
лү֮СүΪˡ̫Ĳ˵Ľš
޷ĲȻ˱ȻҪס⡣
̫οһƺ뵽ʲôٴͶصĹ˵һߡ
̫ŽҪȥˣֻ̫Ȼ桢ֻأΪǴɱĴܺͱ޹أ
䴫ֻϲüҡ
̫еǣ˳𲻱ʲҪñҵᣬ򣬺ߣ
仰ֻغܷŭһ̫ӣҲö˵
󣬲ҪɱΪʵ壬ҲһĽ֣سŵȥΪ֮ɣ
˵ܷ꣬ŭ˺صֻȴǹ˹֣Ǻ̫ɣ

Ȼ̫û뿪
һһڿУڵȣڵȡԮȡԼ֮ˣ棡
̫뿴Լǲĺʧܣ޵еȴûһİԼѵģߺԼ־ͬϵġ
̫ɡ
ţղŵĴսһѸٵĴģһᡣ

̫һ
Ȼֻʳֽɱ̫Ϣ˲䴫˺ģڰżиĺһ㣬֮ǰչи֪˿̷ſ˲䣬Ӧ˾˵Ϣ
ã̫ѡ
ֻ˵кףĲû̫̫ϺĶ룬ҲǺĵĶ롣
̫⣬ԻĴҡ
һҰָ֮Ϊû̫ѹƺҫ
ңٲ̫̫̫ǻۺͼʶ㡣
ȻҪʱûѵĺΪֹҲ̸̫Ϊѣ뿴̫ȥ
̫֮ǰĻһ˵й
ϵʵˣԼǷ̫ö飬ȥ֧Ԯ̫ﶼⲻȥһйⲻȥǵҲˡ
ʴˣ˵Ѹٷɳɽ̫ȥ
ֻǺ
صϷüҲˣ֮ǰ̫ԶûиӦӦʱһ˵̫
·ϻںڣҪ֮ǰԼֹ̫ɱֻأ̫ѾͲ˾ˡ
ʴˣüȫʵ̫ȫȥ
ϢϷС˵֪ԼΪУܲȥҲҪȥ
С湲ͬľҲǺ¹ͬ뷨
֮ǰܶ೯̫̫ΪʵȺǾкܶĬˣοԼ˵ȥҲãŵữΪĵġ
ǣҲнٵ壬Ȼɵÿɵòںô࣬Ȼ̫ΪʣǾҪ˵
оè峤ĵŮˣһ֣أèĸ̫ڵض
ͬϢϺϺ䶯ˡ
ϿȥҲҪȥûеûȵĽ죬ǲȥƶеĵĿʡ
ȶģһҪȥ
ʱϺȫ
յϢңݵˣ졢ڤˣ̫ļλӡ
ǲģҲصġ

ĶʳԶ
̫ȥ󷨵ʱͷˣ֪Լôģԥˡ
֪̫ԺĺҪҲԥˡ
˳㻹뵽֮ǰ̫ʱ뵽̫׬ȡĺô뵽̫Լơ
˵̫õĺġϵչ֮أϵ˵ôһ俴ìܵ䡣
˵̫õĺģ֪ġ
Ҫָ̫˵ʲô˼
޷ûԼǿѹûԼԺĴܵвܻܲʵڣô屻̫ӻҲãҲã

޲Tֱӣݵ̫뵽֮ǰ̫ԼĲأ޲T̫
еڴ̫ͬھˣԼǿˡ
⣬뵽˵޲TҲ뿪ˣȥ̫ǿûкô̫Ƿɱ档
ң̫һܱ˱˰
޲T뷨к̫֮ܶ࣬ǵĲ񷡣
ܵѾ˺ģã޶ȡϳûôĳޡ
̫ɨأϣ̫
޲TһҲ뵽̫һܲлõ
Ȼ˶ܽоãֻ̫쵰ǲôģܾ˵ľ档
Ǻܱܽ˷֡
ĶˣҲˣҲû
̫Ⱥһǧǧ˪̫¶һ˿Цݡ
ѣĵñûɨأñļ˻Ӧ


173 £
ǣ±ãʵ˺֮
ĺϵ
˸磬תóϵΪ˾Ѿȫˡ
ң̫ȷֿǧˣ̫˿Կóݵʱ䶼ûУһž
˾̫޵οԼļֿûдԼûôң޷˵ĸ
ѣô£
һʵ
ΧһʱһƬһң˵֮ǰ̫սսܲ򵥡
ǧ˹ȥˣûô˷ػָ֪
ڱչصʱֻشһ˱𣬵Ҳû׬ô޸߲ɱɱˣ֮ǰѹ˱Դȱһ룬£ǵʧֹˡ
һХѹȻϵǹƥ⵽㣬Ȼʧأϲɺذ
ֵƺڵϵѵбϵ֪
Ǻǣ
̫Цеˡ
ѣʶԺе㹱ףҲˣ֪ȫ֧Ԯֻеһˡ
⻰˵꣬һ֣ء
ֵ̫ʵԼ˽⣬ȫԸҲñǣ
̫˵ǣ㿴뱾ȥĲ֪μ
ڴ˵ȴ뿴ǲǱЩĴˣȻûһǰ֧ԮҺãˣס˱档
һĸо
̫飬̫ȻȥĴޣԺĵĹףνһ˿Բ硣
Ц˵̫ǺĵĶ롣
Ķ룬Ȼô뿴ȥĺˡ
Ѳ֪֮ǰֻأôʱĵġ˵ʵЩ˱Ĵ㡣̫һЦ㰴˵޻ʳУһ顣
ѣе𶯣޷Ҫ̫ǻԺɶ˺ǻԵ˺
Һñ𿴿ˣ֮οֻҪԵԼĵľУα˵ĿȻҲڵȴȴǰ߱˵㣡
Ǳڴ˵صĿġ
̫˵
̫ȹĽᣬҵͬʱҲԹˡ
ĵ֪ܽ
û֧Ԯ뵽Ŀ⡣
ʱ
ֻһɫ
һЦ°㿴˾ǶԵġ
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Ψ̫һѣӻеڣܱȺ̫
ܶʱ򣬾ġֵܡֵܡáСһ
Ȼˣ˻Ҫá
޵ûʱΪػǵѡͽܡֵܡá˵ȸˡ
ԪӺͺƣ
ѣϵˣü̫

ֻ̫Цû˵Цü֪ԡ
üһüˡ
üȺид֮ǰľһնϹȥ̫˿̡˾Ԯһ顣
һС֮⡣
ü̫̫Ժĵĸ飬ܾ̫Ժĸ飬ڻ顣
Ϊ̫Եʣ޷͡
ȻȷеԵʣ⣬̫ԼܣܿһӶԵڶ˵ˡ
лǰõѵˡֵ̫
üһЦʶ޾£ٶûο󱲵͵ϮˣѲ⣬ϵţϵ⵽⣬һϵһ
˶һЦû˵ĬԲǴ˿õķʽ
ʱ
ѣ㡭㣬±ãңң
һ˸濴̫СһģСٶ̫ˣԼˡ

̫Ц
ο̫Ц˵£õѵˡ
˽̸һף֮ǰ̫
֮ǰʧʱڣ̫̫ͦĸܡ
һ޷ġ

𣡡
𣡡
ңңʹȻû£

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ʦءþò޵ѾȻֿˡ
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174 ʧ֮䣡
̫οôġ֧Ԯޱȵ㡣
Լӵģ𾴵ġ
ʱ̫ľĪʥ֮ǰľ˿̸ˡ
ֻԪţÿһ䶼ʮƷͬʱųеϵŨ㡣
̫ԤƣҪһʱ䣬˿̫޵ʱ䡣
ֻҪչһʱ䣬̫оųɵİ޵
֮ǰĴ²˷ΪͬﵽԲ塣
˿̵̫ΪȫԲͬԲ
ʣµֻһˣֻҪ̫޵
֮ǰֻ˵ĳЦ̫м˭˵ûˣǿ޾
⡭
һ飬ڿڿഫ̫
ֻ龪̾û뵽Ѿˡǣ޻ʡŴʮΧʱȻоΣˡ
̾˿ֵʱȾãΣգȻҪ֧Ԯľ档ǡû뵽֮ԶԶ룬޵϶õȾͷˡ
ģ֮ǰǱűľģ˵̫޵οʵϸԼĲ̫ࡣ
ΨϺ̫ԼĲȷӻǡ
ͲһˣֻΪԼΪʣֻΪԭǾڶ̫βж
ˣԪˣǻ鲻һδѹޣҲɿˡ
ǰϵ齨Լڲĵˣҵ𻹴Ӧʮλ˰ڵ£һ岻һȫ帲ˡ

ʵܼ򵥣Ϊ̫ѹޣΪ̫ԼΪ̫ǵʮˣΪ⼸Ⱥ޷˵ˡ
̫벻ǣ弸ȫҲһ壬ǰĴ塣
Ӧ֮ǰԼ˵ɱˡǳˡǵˣ⻹ʮλˡ
Ϊԭ弸ȫ
⣬̫è峤ĵŮͬȫȺ
⣬̫е㲻֪ôر
Һã֮ǰԼˣǣԼĵɫʮλС
̫˿̾ãҪֱԴһˡ壬Ϊ̹ŵĵϵôչˡ
ΪһǰĶûУĿ⣬γǽԭأ
̫ҲûˣϾΣյľ棬˭оĵġ
̫οһң̫飬뿪ˡ
ЩԼ˺ð졣
ϺͬҲð죬ԼıӻԵǵ޷ˣ޷ǽչһ¾С
Ǩңʱһ첻µزµļһܰȻޱȵİա
ֵĵޣֻأҿܵÿ죬ȻүǺÿ
仰˵꣬˶еɵۡ
ǣˣϴ⣬ľȻͷ飬öϴ˵Ķԣҿܵÿ죬ȻǺÿ
ǣڵôˣʲôã̲Ẉ̂Ҳ֪ʱɱرȥ޵鷳һյƵ
ܴүǡ޿ǵġ
ʮƣֻӦұ졣
̫ޱȵο͸жǱŪøжȫޣЦá
кݡڤˣȥˡ
Ǩң̫ˣ̫ǻȥúÿҡ
ʣµһ̫رһ¡
ʱ
ѼֵĴ񣿡
ϵҲʣ
üͺ˾棬ѵÿЦʵ
޺޺̫Ц
̸ֽһֻȻˣΪ۵һɺã
ƣϴκ̫۵Ķ࣬ش˴۵һϵȻдջ񡣡üͬԸ⡣
Ѿ֣̫Ѿǵľ磬Լ٣֮ǰǴջĶ࣬ں̫۵ȻԸ⡣
Ȼԣ۵һȻá̫ɴĻش
Ǻü˵̫ҲҪʾһ¡
ǰ֧Լһ⣬̫ȻҪʾһ¡
οǰ֧ԮԼĺ飬̫ÿ˶չ˵ͨһ۵Բǡ

ü̫Ҫ۵һǰֵ֧ĺ˷ˡ
۵Ϊ̫ߣ֮һǽˡ
Ļܴ
ֻ֣һ޴ɽˣ˵ɽϥ
ʣ飬ȫ׼λܽ
˵صҲף֮ĻᣬԼ˴˴ðյġ
ǵԼ˱ֵķ
ʴˣ޸пȻͷղ档


175 
ϥ̫ڵңܵλǰ֧ԮⱾˡαüλ۵Ⱥúһ£ջٿԼˡ
̫˵ֲ꣬ĶԺüλѣɷ㱾ԸҪҲһ¿ɺãȻûʾ˴δ˵飬ҪҲˡ
̫˵ˣü˵ʲô
ƣ
յԡ
ҲǶͬǴʴ֮ˣһС׬ˣǲں
֮ľ޿ġ
ε۵˶Ǵ޽ɵΪʴţһʱƣʤţֲ˵֮ƣֲ˵һʱת֮£ݱ䡣
ֲֻ֮ͬĵÿ˵֮ݻһ
̫һۺеȵĸо
컯̹ᦡͷȡˮۡԪۡؾӻȵһЩе鱦̫ơ
ԼĴ©ûϼһﲻõĶࡣ
̫һ£Ȼöˡ
룬֮ı͸ˣһԼͺõĶˣñȸˡ
Ȼ⻹ĿǰĺղأԽ󣬺ղؽԽԽ࣬һռ˺ɵ鱦֪
̫֪Ĺ½徻̡ȵһЩеļƷ鱦ûеõ
˵۵һϵУ쾵콣ȼƷ鱦
̫ץͺ鱦ľġ
ǣκ鱦кܶ໹û֮ǰ̫ȥѰɵһ˺ôҲûҵ˵ɵȡ
Ȼ˵ҲĽ̫鱦ȻֳԼ֪ģһŲ㱦һĻɫ첻֪컯һα֪ԭ̫
̫һĽġ
Ψü˿ޣĿռ֮йأ鱦谭üĵ
ü鱦ܼ򵥡
̫ͺţüõʲô鱦òΪҲ̫ܿ⣬ģûü㲻ġ

֮໥Ľϣһʱָ˵ͷ
ϱ仯ܿó˶ǳ
̫ܵ˺ĵ
ĵȻˣƽ֮ߵҪ֮
ϵûȾ
ң˿̻ûд컯ƬУնʬĹ̫ʧͬʱеӦˡ
նʬǺԪɺ󣬷ָܼ֮ѣӶο컯еǧĽݾ
ݾնʬ֮İ
Բնʬ֮ʵһֺĹģȴ˸ġ
ע⻹Ǻע⣿̫˵ָע⣬ûô
ԣʱ򣬺봫¸ࡣ
ĻֻΣÿβǼǳĽǴʼյĽ
ֻǣʱΪסġģѡ
ʵֲú

ݻһ޼̫̫ǣţűСϡǡԡŹ
˼ޣŹı仯ǷԴĹ棬һֻصݱ䡣
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ǧʱ䣬Ѿа˳ɵ۾£ٿȥȵ·ңԪ񡭡
ˣԼܿģȫպ󣬿ʼĿջ
ǧʱ䣬ֻ˵飬侳粻ϵͻƣеĸǿƲסΪΪҲͻˡ
ٻŵľݴ˿̡
ͬ壬ͬĵͬıԴһʱ˵ľ֮ľ֮ķ࣬жķࡣ
˵ֳַ֣һ鷨๲ʥͷ
⳯ʥ֮򣬾̫֮ء
ֱ󡭡
̫۾һЦͷơ
һλ֮Ȼǿϵ࣬ܺλ໥۵ʵϵˡλԲԼĸϵʮԪ
Ǻǣѵ֮һҵǳƽⲻβأüЦƽ֮ܶĿζ
üֵ̫ѣһαһأ֮ǰһ۵ΪԵѶ˽ˡ˴η֣ԭȻɲ⣬ǵչʾģǱеĵϵñջ̫ˡ
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ü̫˽ܾ壬Ƿˡ
Ͼ̫ǧħ̫ˡ
ȫһרĹһ㶼Ϊ
һĸӡ̣üԿռ֮Ļָˡ
Լ˷֧Ԥԡֻءƽ֧һͨĸܺܶࡣ
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Ȼ̫óģʥĸϧöڻرѡ
˲ΪԼԵ̫Ĵ衣


176 ϲ
λˣ̫Ц
֮󡭡
һ̸󣬲Ĺע顣
˺üͺһۣ̫룡
̫˵ͷУһһߵ˰Уƣϣת
ֻ̫ڵ֮ǰ˵Զȵıղ۵Ӧջܶɣ
ɲǼ䡭
̫꣬Ȼû˸һش
˵ջСǲҺ̫Ի
̫Ǻεһֱģ˿Ҫػˣǽˡ
ȻС˲š
֪ڷ飬ԼҲˣѾܶˡ
ˣСûмڻش
ǳ
ֻè峤ش
֮ǰ̫˵仰ܺܽţȴش˳
Ҳ̫ΣԼʻȻû˸һش
Ǻǣ̫Цջͺã⣬е˴ΪȽʱ䣬٣Ȼȫȵã𽲵
һ
ˣԭкôȻǷҲ֮صĵ
̫ҪˣǸ˻һȺֻҪһ͸˵
ƵҩΪȽ죬֮á
һˣֶΣȫ鱦Ľ鱦Լûˡ
ң𿴲鱦컹Ǻ죬鱦ֻҪ鱦
󷨣ҪǶһ˵ֻǿ壬ǵĻ
̫˴δȻϲˡ
룺̫ˣҺ֮ǰԼȺˣΣ֪ûĻᡣ
ϣʼ̫ﴫ
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ǰǧ̫꣬ѵ֮飬ö⻹һЩԼľ顣
Ҫǰ컯ϵĵ̫֮ʲô
ǧ̫꣬ʼ֮
̫֮֮ͨѧģ⼶ĵ֮
˴򣬷豹棬ȫҪĵ¯С
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Ȼһĸˡ
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̫֮֮ݱ䣬֮ĴУ̫Уֵġ
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Ͼһѣ˭ӵС
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ˣʼĿ֮ǰջ̫ĵ
ֱԲ̫εĽˡ

Ȱл̫𣡡
Ȱл̫ʣ

Хĺÿһ鶼ĵľ̫л̫Ĵ衣
ջ񣬾ȻǿһС
̫ü۵Ǵջ͸򾳽硢ͻΪ
˺̫µֲ˵ĵ̡
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ǴȺˣӹ硢ֶΡͨһԵĴԵ
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˵̫µԼе˴ջ
ҪûԼо޴ҲչأΪ֪ʲôʱͱˡ
̫֮ܶ뿪ʱǴ޾ϲȥġ


177 
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̫֮ǰΪѾĴˡ
Ŀһе޲TŤϳ˷ŭΪб˿׬ǿõȴǣ̫һ£ġ
ŭ޲Tصϳ
ˣĪ䣬ȻֺڵĸоƺԼ˺Ҫһξ
ǰȥԮ̫Ⱥջعˡ
̫ǵĴ裬Ҳı֪ˡ
Ⱥ߲ޱȵİգԼѡˣֻҪʱһ㣬ջʱ̡

峤ǴһĻᡣ
ǰ峤̾Ϣ˭֪˵ľ棬ȫȻ̫̫ˣ̫̫ǿˣ

߲תˡ
Ȼ֪̫̫ǿˣǿһˢ֪
峤Щһô죿
˵ĶȺһ֮ǰȥ֧Ԯ̫һȺ
ȺУ֮ǰ˫൱˴֮ǾãȺһ￪ʼԽԼȺˡ
ǷչԼȺΣˡ
ô죿峤Ƶ˵
ѲȥԼ
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һһɣλ峤ȻԼס
ݴ֧Ԯ̫ģü̫˵۵
õ̫״⻹л֮
ջۺ찡
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ˡ

ʱ
ı޻ʳһƬѹֵС
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ȿȣֻֻؿȿȼȻ˺أȴ˵Ī̫ĴǾǴеջ񡣴⡭ջ̫ԺĿ壡ȿȡ
֪ҡҡͷޱƵ˵ȲʧأƤ
Ǻǣȿȡ
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⣬
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ǵ̫˵ֻҪӻȺͺá
ʾЩ۵̫ں
ʱ̫Ļ䣬Ҳʱ˺ĵУʴ˵
˿ޱʳѹ֣ȷҪ𼸸һС
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ʱָ˺ﲻڱʹУֻԽԽ¡
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ֻֻɱС
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𣡡
𣡡
Ŵֱúʾ

Ѹٵƶ˼ƻžŴ뿪ˣνʬɽѪѪɺӡ
κе
Цǣ̫ġ
̫ҲһЩΣѵʱһǰԮ
ԣֻء
˴еĵ϶̫ˡ
ֻҪ̫ᣬ˭ֹǣûУ
޲TҲҵǹƥԼ鷳
ںˣ̫룬Ҳøֻ֪ںԼںȫֵĻ쵰ȥɣ

ͺİӿȣ˸
֮ǰǸԭûȥԮ̫֮ǰû˿̣
Ƿִе󣬱̫Ⱥƶ鱦ģڻкǰȥ̫
̫Ѿ鱦ѹסϺ˳ͶҲһֵط棬棬治Ҫ
֪ʲôԭǰʱȥͶĳռˡ
ǻ壬Ҫ˺ﵨռԼ̵ļһһˡ
ǰһ˵̫ӻģ
ֱдʴһ֪
ԭ岻֪䣬컯һԪѹĵطѾģ̫ӻ֮ˡ
β
ȥ̫ۣ߿˭ȭͷ
ǲң
Ҳⷽԭ򣬲ŵ֮ǰ̫ȴ̫Ԯʱûȥ֧Ԯ
巢֣ôԽԽԶˣ


178 ޱŰ
Ľ
ǽ洴˻󸣬һ֮Ρ
Ϊд޳ڵĲΣ̳˻ѪȺͲпᣬǿֶ֮ڡ
֮顣
֮ǰΪԵʣɪɪ
ʱת̫˴ѹ󣬽治ĵĻˡ
ǰʱ䣬нɢѶȥ׼
ȴķʧȥˣҧ˺ܶΣˡ
֮ǰкܶ޵ϮʶѪѹˡ
ֱĻָˡ
ҲԼʶ˶ħ͡
ص󣬽Ϳʼչǰʶ٣Բǿһ
ʴеСӢ۵ζֱԼĸо
ԭıԼҪܶ࣬ݴţβԼģǺȫ
ֻ˴ѣȻؾ޾޾ļȣûеõ֪ͨҲûи
֮󣬳롣
Լ󣬲õĶͱˣ˽ûйǵıչˡ
ޣǺǣ˵Ҳգβˣҵ˿ڻǻԼ鷳
ʱ
¡
ڱչصĽ棬˲Ӧˡ
ңֻǸӦ죬ӦһĪļ¡
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ֻɻǹŽȥȻԼ̫Զˡ
֪Ϯˣܻ߷ֶΣ
Ϳˣ
֮ǰһǹ͵ϮѾԪˣ淢֣ԼȻͶħԶ
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ֻҪһһɱȥ֮ǰ̫ǵʧֲܿ
ҲʱŷԼ֮ǰˣ
ޱУ֮ǰԼհǰ˺ģ޵
Ȼһ̫һˡֲ
̫úĴܲ⣬޺γˣ
Σ̫ˣĻˡ
εĴƣ˿Ҫתˡ


179 ˣ
޵Ѫֶβûͣסһǰļ
ÿζһƬޣʬҰ޾ͺһڣܳԵĶŹ
ȥûôңϸ˼ֺһĿ־õ֪ĺ飬ĸܵˡ
޺ܽһѾкܶ࿪ʼʼȫԱˡ
ǴŷŭͰͼӴ׵˵顣
˿̣鲻ˣ
ۼһչԶը˼
Ӧð˵޲ſ񰡣ǰʱ䣬Ƿ̫𣬽仨ˮôһתֱˣѵǲµȥ鷳
ǰӦ
ѵޱĺܲңƹˤĿʼұˣ˵̫ǴĺܲңǱ̫𣬷ʼǣ޹ˣ
ǰҪ̫ȥȸͲǣ˵ܶҪͶĶУ治Ͷȫ˺ˡ
ǰΪԽߵԽңа취ʴԪԱĻᶼûУµ˺ɡ
ⲻ֮𣡡

Ȼǽġ
ڰԵǰǷʼԹ̫ˣÿ˶˵˭֪ʲô
ȫˣ֮ǰǵ˵Ϊ

̫û֮ǰҲһʱǲԹ̫
ִ̫ѹֻϸм̫ʱȫﶷϣ²Ҿ御Ѫǧ
̫¡Լ
Լڲĵˣһη̫ʧ󣬵еġҡˡ
˿̣޾ƺһеĴ̫ġ
̫޲T˳ģ˿̣̫ڱԹ

̫֪룬ҲΪˡ
˵ˣΪɲǼ򵥵ĺģ˽Ǵͷ
̫Ҳ⣬žͺá

˫صı׼뷨
֮ڴ̫֮ǰ̫ģѡԵ˶ѡ
һ̫ͱǿ
̫ռ˱˺ٲ˵ȴûУȫ̫ǵ¡

ϳ
һ㣬üͷ壡
ӦðƺĶһ̫ƻʵģһûѵѵǺ̫Э飿
ˡ
ǿ޻ʳĶҲǶħеĵıҪ
ߣһû뵽̫Сˣ
Ϊĵһˣ
ҪվˣֻҪվһȡ̫ĵλҲܽӹ̫ˡ
һ̫Ͼ㲻ҹˣѵ㻹վ˵˲ɣ
ԽԽ˷ܣһ̫кںģֻᱻ
뵽˵棬ĵ·ߵĺ˷ܡ
һ뷨ģϢ޲T
޲TһҰĵˡ
һ㣬뵽ࡰ̫󡱣Ҳʼˢ⻷֮á

ͷ
޵ûֹͣԽԽǿ
ɺޣˣָо̫ǵθˡ
µһǿЦҲԽԽࡣ
һжڰõķʽС
󡭡
ıһ磬Ѿû˺ĵط
ûб壬ҲԸ־޴Σ֮¡
ǣǵ뷨֮ǰһԹ̫죬˾Եķȡ
Ƿ֣޲ṥ̫ӻ˷ܵһеһС
ⶼǵıӻԼ
ˣ̫ԽԽߣ

ֹ˽ָֻ꣬Ҳˣ޻ʵͳ죬޳׵ıˡ
ֱʱ򣬱۸ĺܲҵжںһ֣̫
Ϊʲô̫𻹲ǣ
Ϊʲô̫ôǿȴҵȱɱ֮ǰģ
Ϊʲô
̫ôû֡
ֻΪף⵽Ϊʲô
Ϊû̫𰡣֮ǰ𱻷ʱôû뵽ȥԮأ
̫òǣⶼʾ˼һΪǻ㡣
ʲôĸʲôĻرǹƽģ

ǵľǳˣ
չ޲TһеƳˡ
ĴȺӰ˵ˣ̶̵ʱﲻ
ϲˣöԷԼĻᡣ
û˴˶Ա˴˵ĻޣѾˡ
룺棨ƣ棨𣩵õ˻

˵Ϊչŭֻء
Ϊֻ̫عͬ뷨
˺һ飬ֻشžŴȥƱˣ϶޲TԾ


180 ˣ
л֮
һŰҴĺǵл
ÿʱ涼еޱȵ⡣
򣬰һδεĸлԼʱ
ʱ޲Ĳ²⣬Լ̫峯ݣ˵ĵһ־Լˡ
˵ķ緶Ҫֵģƽ˵ȥѰɣŰܾһΣһܾȵڶΣ뿪˴Ϊ
ǣ档
һҴӦ
治˵ǶܵıӶ졣
ⲻ˵Ĵĵط޻ˣ֪ж
һԶȥ任Цݡ
һĸо̫ˣ뵽ˣֻߣ񷣬Ϊűɱɣ֤Ķ
ɱǲ档
֮ǰ񷣬ǲڹӲ¯ػʹȥˡ
УȴܣҲʼˡ
޵õľ壡
õԼʵǿ
ʵǿѸٴɱ棡
룬ɱ󣬾ʵ˫˫˺̫̳
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ǲԵģ
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һе棬ƵۺƸǷȻɺԶ
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ףԼղŵȻ࣬Ϊ̫ˡ
ݴ̫޴󣬻ֻأ̫жǿ
ûףֻѾشˡ
Ҵɱ޻ʳ֮ˣ㵱Լ̫֮Զˡ
ֻһȣǴ档
ǰԼ̫ˣʵֻ˵ģ֮֮
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̫أ̫Բ˵Բ˵һͨ
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ҧҧ濪ʼ˻˳׼ʱϿܡ
϶ֲ棬һܵÿĳƺ֮ǰЦ񷣬ҲҪˡ
뵽ֲԼͲɱ֮ˣԭ
һʱ䡭
ַӲѡܡ
޴̫ʢģҲ̫
޴ûծծٶȷ˺ܶ࣬չ󷨲һˡ
ˣ޴Ĺѡ˶ܣͬʱʹȫӦֻء
˵ǣֻûзӡһأ֮ǰ̫еֶζˡ
֮ǰ̫Ĵ˼ǣԱˡ
ŽֵʱԽԽѹԽԽ
˷һ˺Ѹܵʱˡ
еʹ
֮ǰյõһƷ鱦˴ɱһ޺ãϧĺܡ
ʱյֵ鱦ֻԱֻæҺԼѸˡ
˼ˣ治ԥˡ
ֻؼһԲ鱦ԼϮһΪֶΡ
ֻ̿ʼоԡ
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Ѫ治ԥ汻鱦ԱŪæңһᣬѸٵĶȥ
Ҫȥʱ򣬱޾׼ʱ֮ǰֻܣǵĹӲӦеá
ڳ׼ʱˣԱ鱦ܣʹȾŴ
䡱һϾֶκͽƻһһ֡
氵޿ɱܣֻͦϡ
䡱ٴαˡ
λɵĹȴûֻص赲ֻæأƷ鱦ԱСӣ
ˣ˿ű޻ɵѸٵս
˺أǰϣѾմѪ
ͣ
ˣȻȥ׷ֹֻˡ
˺أ׷ˣ˵ûҪܾˣﶨȻֶΣ㲻˫ܾˡ
𣡡
ĵľŴѸٳȥ󷨣ĵŭһ
ֻ޻˵Ķԣ˵ܾˡ
ʱȻֻص˺صϢȥǵðдȥ
ŴȴͷӦˡ



181 ʿ
ֻҪģ޷˼
һǣҪޣȲǿԿģ³
ڶ˼ǣгģӦ֮˵ģҪϿˡ
һһһ˵ֵص顣
磿ò֪ˣΣˡ
ͷһ֦
һ޲Tһˡ
˶Ǹɴ˵սֱǧ󡭡ݴܾˣֻش˸ϵ޲Tûˣ˵˻ֳһ
޲Tûϵܶˡ
֮ǰ޵̫һγǵС
Ǿǵֻ̫ˣϣ޲Tˡ
ʱ̫ˣеˡ
޲T֮ǰ̫ơ˷׷սܺһǽͷݿʼڮˡ
˲ڴˣڴˣ
޲T֮ǰл࣬ȫɢˡ
ݴϢ󣬱˺أһѪƸˡ
ں룡
ߵϳߵʳ
ߵԶ
Ļˣֻߵ˵
˵꣬˳˼Уڹ˵棬ڹ̫
ѣ̫ôģ
ߵЦ
ô룬֮ǰҲ˵ˣ̫Χʱ򣬳˺üˣĴһ֧ԮĶûС˵̫޳ܣܷȷоԵãҲΪ˾޴ĹסǡͷԼĹף˸⣬ĶһԸҪǵѣѻ룿
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޲TҲǺöΪԼ̫ǣˣͿó̫˿ֲ
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̫Ŀֲиܣͬ
һǰ̫ͣ򲻻ˡ
ǣиʼղף֮ǰΪǬϼһֱԼأ
Ǹ㲻
Ҳ˵̫Ŭ˱飬Ҫˣ
ܽ
ߵ˵ͷ
ǲ֪̫ȷе˼ԭҪչͻΪˡ
Ϊѹ벻֮ǰݴ̫޷ʱ򣬸ͻΪ󲻵̫Ҫͻˡ
߸ǵ֪󲻵
ȻüͷչЦһû̫ĺĽְɱĻˡ
ǵѿǵôˣߵʵ
˵꣬һüߵʵ⣬Ծ
㻹ʲô˵䲻Ļһֱ̫Ӱ£ҵȲֻø졣
⣡ϵҰ׹ˣϲһ
ߵһЦѿԷģļ룬ֻкôûлʳУȫ޻ʳֻһʳֻѹУҼʳˣѵѲӵ˵ˣֻҪѼ룬ҵԼʽʱһȷչһʱ󣬾Ͳ̫ˡ
һһջ׳Ӧˡ
ֻҪϵߵƣ˾ڶȹɱ֮ˣδĳɾͲ
ãյԡ
˵
ķչˣһ˳ˣҲʾţʳԣԼ޵նԾĽ׶Ρ

󣬵ߵͲ棬һϳ
һϢѸúˡ
鿪ʼпĶˡ
ȾĺĴܣΪ˸˵棬ȫܺ
ǵģҵȾĺĴܡ
ֻһ˷Ц˵
ǾĺĴܣ𡣱ʼֻһˣǾ̫𣬱˵֮ǰûֹŰ
𱻷ʱ˭ȥ֧Ԯˣ
ûаɣȻԼҪƤιΣʱҪԹأⲻӦð
˰ɣνĺĴܶΪԼѣȵС䲻ֵһ᣿
Щ֧Ԯ壬Ǹ޹ˣûаɣҪĽ˼ң˼Ӧõġ
ڵ𱻷ʱ˼ҲȥˣޱȵС
뵽ˣλѣˣ

˵꣬ܶŭˡ
󵨿ˣôҪܣ
ǣҵȵ뷨ڮٵġ
̫λѺɱ
ǣɱ

߳ŭ˷ŭˡ
ֻǿһЦţǵ𱻷ʱƶðȥ˵λǿ֣
⻰˵꣬һˡ
˺һᣬߺһһֶû˵뿪ˡ

ֻʣһ˷Ц



182 û̫ʱ
񷣬Сˣˣóѡ
ϳߵͲˡ
Լĳ֣Ӷûܵİ취
Լֵƽ̨ϣԶ˵ĶԾԤʾһܵ䡣
ֻܹ̰Ϊ̫𣿷ϻ˵֤֮·һ·ɡ
ʱ˶˵չ˾춯صĴս
ԼƬս֮أĿꡣ
Ѿˡ
ھ˾սƾе£еߵ£ûԸ̨
ս˽ꡣ˺أһֱûлָˡ
ıԴͬʧڲ
мλңҲĲȫˡ
ˣеߵͲͳռƻʳ
ǳ⣬ڽΪֹ
λܵĺһʱ֮֮ǰŵܵǷ׷׼С
ߵͲϣе˼֣ˣúķ׷״ϵϢ
˼䣬иʼԼ̲Ϊ
εĺ𶯣ûѪɺӣʱ޹̫ĺãԼֱΪһ
޵Ű֮úܶ뵽̫Ϊ˷׷׸Ϻ̫־档
û̫ĺģѾˡ

ӵô˵
ң⣬˺ܶʵ죬ǿ̫
ʧˡ
ǲҪˣʦڱչУ֪ʱŻءչǰʦԼͺá
˵꣬ٴ˿Ѿ߽ңС
֪ʲôԭҲһõʦʱòʱɣô˵顣
ˣӰңݡȣһܿ
ʣһʵ죬εȥˡ

̫չزĵϢ˿룺̫ˣֻҪ̫ٺģǱܼ̲ˡ
˿Ļв͵ߵϢ˷ܵЦˣЦȻΡ
Ϊ̫Ѿ˲˿־壬˿̡̫ϢȻҪЦˣʣܲΣ
˿Ļޣֻغ֪˷ܵ˵áԿó̫ǵӰ
̫չزʱ䣬ɽϻӳƴʱҲǸ·ţȫʱڡ
˿̵ĺҵģϲģҲĺġ
̫磬ü̫Զ
һν̫磬ü̫ĵе棬дζ֪
治ⲻǵѵԸ񰡣üʵ
̫ЦҡҡͷҵԸһֱͲûҡ˿̣ȷο
̫صοȷͻƵıԵҪץʱͻƵľ磬ѣô̵ʱ䣬Ѿ˵ľ磬ʵñĽ
ǺǣõĽϵпȡ֮üЦϵѵѣ˴ͷʼϵڻָѣⲻܱȡ
ôܱȣ˵ȵѳ磬ڻҲ֪ǻجج޾£ֱڲ㿪ʼʱǶôĽѣ㲻ף
ü󣬶ʱҲˣ˵Ľ˵ĽϵĽѡʱǧħȫ䣬Ψһ¶ûУʱ򣬾ܵûκΪ;磬ֲһе̬ϵĽġο
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˵֪֪ףʴ໥ϵף໥Ҷ̡
ü̫أ˼顣
ڣ̫Ȼ˵Ľޱơ
ңü̫켣ûһջǲŵġ
µǲܸ򾳽磬ġ
̫˿ʲôʲôü̫֮
Ͼ˭ģʱΪ˵ģ²ԸȥҲҪȥ̫
໥٩һ˻ع⡣
ֻüѣ㲻ںģڸ·ţ񶼳ˡϵѵ·ϣʶ˸ıƣίȫ
̫Ϊ⣬Լѡܹʱ̡
̫˵꣬üصʵǸݵ֪ʱ̣Ҳʱ̣᲻ϵ֡ȥ
üһ㡣
ᡣ̫ҡҡͷ
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ü˿Լ֣ǾͲˡ
̫˵ʹһʺüˣֻҪԴһԴͺãԼ鷳ͺá

˺ˣ̸̽ࡣ
üͻƾΪһʱҲٴͻƣʴҪ˸̫֮·
̫һ׼չͻơ硣


183 
̫һ˹
ʦ֮ǰ˶Ѿˡ
ȥ
˵̫꣬磬ֵ̫ʱһﻹ̫֮ص飬ˢˢͶء
̫𣡡
ʮݣ
̫ǵ峤ѾˣֻҪ󷨣Ϳ뱾£ȿף
ף

̫һӣ컯Ԫˡ
ҽȥɣֻҪһԪڴ󷨾Ϳɡ
˵ֻ꣬ʮ飬ȻܿƵı컯Ԫڡ
̫Ľһ˲ʧˡ
ڽʲô
ȻԴһ£ֻҪпɣûд󷨣ٸһ˿ᣬǶ֮ǰ֧ԮԼĲ
Ⱥ飬ֻҪһδǾûˡ

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̫һӣʮƷ̨У˺̫ϥ̨롣
̨һ£̨̫С
⽫һκıչء
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̫չʮԪС
̫һֱڸǧħĵϣֱ죬ģԪȻ
̫˲ˣˣһͻƵʱڡ
ɢŨŨеϵ
ֻߵĻľȻһ㣬ʼźĵľ̨ʥ
˿̵̫Ԫڣһֻת˿˿ɫĹâ
ɫĹâڵۣ֮һ޷ݵģӰˡ
ǽҪ۳͵ĵ
˿˿׹⿴ȥʥԲֻԴһĵϣ̫˸С
һ֮ǰֲ֮Ƭ
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ÿεԪ໥ӵϡ
֮ǰԪԪ񣬶˺ҲԪһҲһڵɱ䡣
ӵĲ֮Ԫӡ
ʱ鱦Ҳˡֻ̫С˺ܶࡣ
̫бԴοʴķ
ҪһУÿһΪָҪ
ʱš
ǵӰ۳͡
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Ѻ̫ԪеĵĳͣԴһ壬ǡĸо
ŵ֣ǿȣѾԵ˺ܶࡣ
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̫ûҲҺû۵Ĺ㣬Ҳ죬֪䣬ѾҪɹˡ
̫еЦõĸо
Ҫ֪ǣһĵһ㾭鶼ûС
ͺñ̫ѯüûУΪüǡ޿ռԼġ޵һ


184 
̫չصĵʮԪ󣬺ϵˡ
ʦû˵ģһǵĺſӡ
Ժĸо֪ʦֿѣʦΣ֮ʣһϵ
ҺʦĹϵܲϺȻһǰ˵ӣԺǸо
ֻǰʦ˵ǰǰѯʣǰֻҪԼ뷨ȥС
˵ͷ
бɣ̫⡣
Ȳ˵ͨ컯ָ֤Ҳ벻ԼŬ
̫ԹˣѾ̫˴޵
ûдﵽΣʴʰо֣˳ȡһЩ̫ˡ
ֻ㹻ˣΪ;ٽ
˿̵ĺ컨ѾǴ޺ڵĸ֣Ѿﵽ˴ԲĲΡ
ȫ԰ΪԲûС
ǴԲôҲ
ûдﵽľ磬ԲΣȻ㲻ƿء
ˣںΪͻƴ޺ںԼ·һǱɱֻأ㹻ˣԼ֮ﵽĲΡ
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ҲǺìܵĵطֱ̫Ť
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̫Ѿ㵽һУ֮ǰƵ˾ԮΪ֮ĲҲһֿ͸δơ
˿̣̫ˣͿһˡ

ںߺ޲Tº̫Ըļλܶݷһߡ
ǵõͬĴ𰸺Ҳ˿
һֱ̫˳۵Ĵܾã̫ȷʵ㹻˺֪ˣ˽ˡ
ռŲñǿˡ
ݷ̫ĵߵͲˣܵ˺̫Ĳࡣ
ѣ̫λϣ𣿡ߵʵ
ü˼һᣬҡҡͷ²ᡣ
ǰϵҲᡣǺ̫Ĳࡣߵ̾룬̫ˣõĹˡ

һдܵİݷãע˴˺ʱı仯
˺ĺܳʱǺȷѪʱ
֮໥к޵սۣʱû̫ѹ벻ˡ
ǽ꣬ݺġ
̫չؽԪ󣬺ĺܶ飬Ѿ˺ü硣
̫Ѿ˴˵Ĵڡ
ٵĺġĹʱʱ飬״ﵽɵĲΡ
˿̵飬κܴﵽɵĲΣѾ˺ܶܶࡣ
Ԫľ֮ǰûвɵĲΣֻܺͺһ㣬Դˡ
ܶܶСӳ˵ˡ̫
ܶˣвŵͷ

ʦ𣬱տ̫ô𣿡һСͯʽɸֵʦ
ֻϵǺһЦסͽֻ̫𾴲⻳ɵѹĵʱʱĺģ
ǣ桢޲T桢桢Ǭ桢ߵ桢桭ǺĴܰ˵ûǵĴڣǺ鶼Ҫ޳Եˡ
ϵһЦƺڻ䣬һɵʱ
ʱ򣬵켸λִѹ棬˺죬ٴ˺Լ֣һ˸֡
ʱѹģеţûһҳңǺεȰﰡǺεɵ¡
ƻʣѹģʱԼֻǸСأ
̫𲻳ѾˣôȥˣݵҲƵѾСˣǺεȵĻ
ϵлţ
Ȼ
޲TˣΪ˲ϵĴչ벻
̫֮ٲͳΪ˵
ʵˣ˿̵ĺÿ쵮飬ֹÿȥֺֹ
١ٻĹʱʱʱŶ飿
̫ѹ̫һٺһͱѸٵ
ʱһˡ
ǸޱȿĺģҲǰٵһʱ䡣
ˣ̫صľˣҲͳΪ˵ˡ
˿̵Сֻܴӳ˵
ǻɻĪƺ
ÿοÿαտģǺܲš
֪η˵ľˡ
һ仯ޱȿʱһĲΣ֪һܡ
Ͼ֪ĶˣȴûﵽһĲΣǺǳȫ
˺ܶȺУײ˵
Ȼбԭԭǣ˿̺ܶඥˣ˵̫ΰ󣬱Ͼá
׼ĺĴܻǺܿµġ
һЩСȺԳܵġ



185 һֱڣ
ʦ˵ô࣬˵ǰ̫ΪβޣǺ飬Ҳ쵣ˣ˵ǰʱ䣬˺üôѾ˺ܶ˵ٲֹһᱻ
Сͽܸ˵ꡣ
ϣס죡
֮ǰЦǺǵϵȻɫˣӣСͽܵʦѾܾûˡ
˭˵ûбӻ֮Իţʱ̵ı˴ɱǵ𵱳µĹءûеµԼ㵱ΪҵСɢܴ𣿡
ϵʮֵֵֻ˺ֻܶۿһЩˣǸʵ
⡭⡭Сͽ֨֨صĵǣ˵Ǽλܺġ
ˣ˭˵ģϵŭ
涼˵˵һЩС֮ûΪܵıӻ޲Ųҵġ
ϵĿˣ
ϵ˵ĹѾĳЩ޳֮ȡˣʱѹİ
˺þãϵŵ
ס֮ԲһЩССȺǵ̫ӻȺֻ޻ʣҲΥľǴʱܱӻģӻ֮һֱǵ𡣡
ϵ˵УΪʦƵ鱦ɺã
ʣΪʦй󷨿ɺã
˵ˣСͽ˫۷Ź⡣
ʦʵܶɢĽͽ鱦裬˵ͽˣܰ¡
ϵһ̾ҡҡͷ֪鱦Ƶͨͨʦôģ
Сͽɻ֪Ϊﵽ˽ɸֲΣ𣿺ĺܶСС͸˶ᰡ
ģͽϵ˵
ΪʦֶΣͣʵҲǵ˽Ĵ裬Ϊʦǿͨ͹Ҳǵüɡ۵ʱáеֶκͨʵԴڵͽԵ𲻿ɲη
ϵĳ˵꣬Сͽˡ
һֱڵģΪʦܹ֮˵Уȥɡ
ϵ˻֣ԼСͽȥˡ
ȴһ̾ϥ˵

̫һֱڵģϵ
ܹ̫͵顣
еĵõ̫ıӻеĵ̫Լеĵ̫޵壡
֪ĿУѹĵĵʵһֱڡ
ǲţǾͿΪΣһЩ˭Ҵע⣿
ţͿܶеĺ鱦żõĵҩػһ󷨡
ⶼ̫Ĵ衣
ȻСԲ⣬Щȴʱ̲ǡ

ںһɽ
ôѾкܶඥܶȹɱ٣ĵĶܴ˿һ롣
ں޲Tټλܵľۻϡ
һ˭Сӵ֣Ժ
ֻλһ棬һܣλҲȹԼĵ٣˿ΨһĵȻޣЩ޻ʳչļΪ٣ٲĿⲻⰡ
ޣû̫ѹƣЩѾ衣
ɱ飬ɱޣսһѾ̲ݻˡ
Ƕ˽ĵĴڣ˵޵ֶ̫ˣЩ˭ûϳԹ
Ե̫ˣеùֱˡ
ˣ˵仰λĴܳĬˡ
˵Ϊսˣһ⣬һĿ
˵ĺܶԣǡֻǣ޲ֻ֮أΪҵҪǿֶθǳǣ˵Ƕټ󷨡ϵϵ˺ܶο
ǰѣҵȲϣϲλ˵֮£Ѿ־ˣǺ޾һսĲȰ
ǰǰòʲô˵֪вָǰСȡǲܵġ
⻰˵꣬ڴƵƵͷ
ĺۣ룺ǲӣǲȡɣ
ֻεҡҡͷ
ΪֺŪȥˣϾֶԾΣղ˵ûٺô˭ԸⰡ
˵ˣǿǻûǧһĵز治֪޲Tʲô
޲TҪ֪ģǾһս
˵ʲôɱپֻأܲ
Ȼֻһ̾ϵֻúƤ̫ѳɽˡ
⻰˵꣬ѻȸ

Īº
ѲɣҪ鷳̫ѣ
ذ


186 
ֻ˵꣬λ˲˾޴ķӦ
ò̫ˣǲܶռͷ绽꣬Ҫ̫ˣֻȥˣ
˲ӣָоԣǲ̫Ҫѹǡ
ˣ룺ȻһŻסˡ
̫ɱ̫ʹˣֻҪܽġ
˵޲Tƣ˵ɱٶǺһħԼ޲Tɱ٣Ȼ޻ʣ˸еơ
ɱһħܣͱ˴ɱˣΨ޻ʲø㶨
ǣǲ֪ǣĥԽɾԽ
˵Ƕʱ򣬾ħĽˡ
޲TЦͬʱܲġ
ԭ̫һֱڣȻչˣȻȻúӡ
Լ̫Ĳô𣿴
ۺЦλ˵ô죿

Դӳ飡
ƣ
ֱƭˣԭˣֻصԭ㰡
Ҫ̫ȷڱչأҪԼԼĽ˿̫ɽˡ
ա
¼̫˴죬ȻǲɢϲεĽ֡
޲TˣʼҪԼ
еջ񣬾ڴܺǣʾ˶Ծ޵ľģȻǵû·ʱ
ˣ޲Tŭȥˡ
˺˽ģϵ޵ĵߡ
˵ɱٶޣɲҲҪ
벻ǣ˵ˣ˵ķݣȻһһ׳Ƶ˸еǹƽġ
ֱֹ޾£˵ѾѹĴܡ
Ϊʱ𾴵Ķ

Ҳڴʱ
ڤ޾֮ĺֻһյľ㣬ڵ޴ȻļСַ豹ĸо
ֱһգǾ޴Ȼ任ɣһ˸ɫĻԴš
ֻǻԴŵģһɫĹĹлƮһ˿ɫ
ɫԴںˡ
ǺܾùȥˣɫɫԴںˡ
ֱ˿̣һһ£˺ԽԽ죬ֱһӰÿεϵᡣ
ԣ͵أһڿеһں׵㡣
еվԪΪһ֮ϣ˾ò˼顣
ˣҲעŵĲƽ
Ȼһ죬ֻеӰԽԽʵ֪~һһ¡
Ӱˡ
ʱƺһʱոеһشܵĵֻһʱճĪı仯
Ӱˣܻججƽ

ͬһƬشڸǵһɽС
ֻһתĶУһ
Īĸо˿һ۾ͻС
ֻ۵һУһŲɫı˸˸⡣
ۺǣУħĽĴ֮
⣬زһһ˵
ʱֻ⣬⴩󣬺ɫ˺ûģ
ϸᷢУִϣִԡ
صԤʾɫ᲻ƽ
ֱһ죬ֻɫʼ˱仯һģĵ˻ĳˣ˺۾
̫ӣ
Ӱ֮ΧȻơ
ֲƣϣǰأ
ģӰ˺һᣬŴۿһΧ˺¶Цݣ

ͬأںĺܶطĳˣ޷һ㣬һѡ
ƶһصһƿʼӰ
һڸǵׯֻһյĴʼ
һؾ͵Ľرߣһ֮һϣΧֻһ߱ʼ
޾ѪħѪҺ֮أֻһ޴ѪſʼѪУֻѱ໥ơ
ڷɽֻ޴׵һ໥ϣƺӴ˿̿ʼͬˣصı仯
̫ǣֻһ͡
̫ǡ
󡭡
ںܶĪĵطؿʼݡ
ĺģ˶ܺȻм¶鲢ûз쳣
ޣޣΪǼ޵ġޡ𣿡ֻһܳ˼
ĴܣҲǸԴĴܣڵ𣿡
ˣ
ܵصĴܣһ㣬ƺʲôڣ㲻о򵥡

ҲǴ˿̣а̫͵ʱ̣


187 ɣ
ںܾ֮ǰ̫ѾӵĹ
˺µĵȴ̫ޱƵķ֣ԭÿᶼһ
ĴһУ֮һ
ʱޱȵ
Ǽ򵥵һַ̫֮Ĺ̾ͳ١
񸶳رһ˿̾ǸĻر
޻ΪʮƷҲв̫࣬ߵĵѶȿ֪
ǵ̫ٵĵȴڵȵʱ̡
̫̾ҿ֮ǰ˵飬ǲۺˣ¡ˣĵҲûɹ͹һˡ
Ǻʱܣ֮ǰᣬӴ˰ƿء
տʼ̫գԼûҪżеĺܡ
ҿڰٵԼұѹ档
˺һϵе飬˴˵ĵõ˴£˴˿̡
û֮ǰΪûкˣ̫á
ӦѲƿأ˵ǽҡ̫뵽
̹Ŵ̫˵ߣȴСʼһһӡ
̫ҲԼ򵽹ԼߣȴСʼҲֹһΡ
ЩĴ
ˣȴûСĵĴСʼ
˴ε̣Ȼôʱ䣿
ҪвأǺ
ֻ˵ҺãҺá
Ӧ뵽ߣĹܼ򵥣֮һĵȽϣЩںļµֹ̫
ʵںĴܷ׷׽״޵ʱ򣬱Ӧˣֻһֱȴ˺ܶࡣ̫
֮ǰٸջʱ̫Ǿ绹ΪȺܶġ
ǺģЩ͸ˣԼĲˡ
˵ͬҲͬ
̫һֱȣûԼһС
֪ʷĴ
ڳ׵ˣʲôߣȴСʼˡֹ̫
ֱ˿ˣʵĳɾû
Сʼʵ˵ȻɾޣҪһ˼ѵĶࡣ
ǲѱ˺ܶ౶Сʼͱһٶȣ˿̵̫˵Ԫ޽ɲˡ
̫˿̵ƣ޲Tһ
˼Ҵɱħܾܶȹɱ٣أҪɵֻأ
Ȼƹƣǽ̫޲TǴҲԸġ

ʱۣڳˡ
ֻӰ˿ԽԽ죬ÿһκ֮ϵԽ࣬ÿһκԪϵԽࡣ
غ˵Ŧۣʮֵ
ֱˡһֻ̫Ԫһ𵴡
̫֪澻ϣֻͷ׵ķֵĲƣʼ̫Ԫ
һ̫һ
ֻͷ׵ķƴ壬ԪС
ЩӿԪ̫Ԫռ侹ȻĿʼˡ
֮ǰ̹ſٵһ
̫ԪУ֮ǰۼ֮أʣĿռһƬ磬ǷӿǸɺԵɳĮˮ
ŷƵӿ룬ԪĿռ䱻һˡ
أ̫Ȼһʻ㡣
֮ǰԤƣǰ̫ܶˣ֤һпһʱա
̫ٵʱվԪĿռ䡣
ֻҪԪռԲڻпС磬ʱǻԪ޽ɣͼе֤ƣ̫뵽
ͬڵչ
͡ԪɡƿطĿʼֱƿһķ򣬾ǽ׻Ԫ޽ɵʱ̡
ԲԪռḶ́ʵƿطḶ́ƿغһʱҲԪռԲʱ
󣬿ʵأ˵ĻǺһ
Ԫռ꣬ʵ壬ϣǻԪ޽ɡ
̫һ̣˽·
ֲûԪ޽ǿ󣬿ӲʥˣԭԼһصԼٵأȻԼΪԼһؾһĴڣʹһص˺ʥ˶Կ͡
̫ˡ
ıԴȴǻԪ޼ɼ޺󣬿ʼԴḶ́ʱͲˣֻҪԼٵһغͱԴںϾͿɡ

׺̫ʼȫɷƣϵĳʵԼԪռ䡣
ĳ˽һԪᣬֱһ졭
Ԫռչˡ
ֻԪռһͬʱĻǵ
ǲõͬһʼƿԪռ䡣
ĻԪռһˣƿصĴԡ
ֹãԪռȫֻ֮Ʈ䣬Ʈ֮䡣
̫ԪһηĽͶԪռ䣬֮۵ŵϣ֮Ϻӣ֮Ͼǵ
ֽޱȵȹ̡
ֱ˿̣̫֮Ϊﵽ˵ľ硣
ľʵʹ޽ɱֻǾϵĲ࣬ʵԡ
ֻаѵڴ֮Ӻ󣬲Ż־޴Ĳ
ϾƿطĿʼҪʹãȴҪѵڴ֮ϲС
ʱĲνУԪɡ
˵ûôûô̫Ҳˡ
һŦۣҪŦŦһУ˿ֻŦˣûҪӵľǴ֮ӡ
һƺҲеֻ֣ӣѿ̫Ҫģд֮ӡ
֮ǰΪ˵ӣ̫ӡ

̫һ
۾ܵԪеĵ̫ޱȵϲá
ʵû٣ӷˣֻҪȥγʵ
Ҳ̫̫磬˿ȥģԵĸܵͬ
˺ѾͺնˣҲ˵һ̣³Ҳ̫ˡ
ֻǣ̫ߵ󷨣̫ܲѡ
̨İɢˣٵıչأ̫ԲĴﵽڴĲΡ
̫վʱ̫磬Ȼоһˡ
ԼһһֻԴһĸܣԣ

һֱھߵʯˡ
̨̫ʱǸоʦƺһˡ
ԼǰƺֲڣǺ𾪣ƺʦأ֮ʦһһ¶
ʯ顢ޡѡľءү֤ףүͨ죬֤
ɡŹڵصˣ̫Ļӻ֡
ΪνСү֮ǰʦ
̫Ĵ˴ν׺Ѿ˳ѺĵѾһεĿԽ
ʴȻȻĺˡүĳƺ
̫Ǽʦһƺܽ˺Ԫ
ֻ˵Ȼԣ
ʦС
̫˵
˵꣬ʯ˷֣֮ǰѹûˣֿԽʦˣڸղŽСүǶΪλ
Ͼ̫״ӣֻϵĵӶѣ̫ܺˡ
̫ҲڿǣǲǽΪ״ӡ
ʱǾͲسƺԼʦˣǽʦ


188 ʦͽϣ
ʵ
ʦôоˣղǡ֨֨صʵ
̫һЦ˵˴ΪﵽԪһҲǵľ磬Ǵ˾Ӧе̫ԭںľͿпˡ
Ѵɰʵס
ֻ᲻Դ֮ԣ˵˵ҲẦǡ
ðɣѾʦ˵Ķԡ
ʦͽ˽̸һᣬ̫ʵչصڼ䣬ʲô鷢
ܼҿشʦչزãǰҰʦĻͺǰ˵һ飬˺ǰˡ
Ŷ̫˵ͷǴˣױ˼
ǰ˼һ˺ʦл˺뿪ˡ˵ֵ
˺޲Tǰߵǰǰǰȶǵ֪ʦչغҲ뿪ˡ
ΪΣ
ʦֻ
ʦչزڼ䣬ʱĺķলľԱ֮ǰһֱʦѹĴܣһԾأأʦ˵˰ɣ
ֵ⣬޺ͺսԽԽƵˣϺҲԽԽࡣ
̫˵ͷһҲðͷˣںսƵʱˡ
̫˵ʣŰûҹӻɣ
ûУֻǡ
˵˵ʦͽؾ
ǣʦֻ
ʦӻ飬ûйֵΪһЩǰˣĴ֮һЩ޲ҰǺȡģǵıӻ޲Ұ
̫ЦˣԺĴܵ磬ͼ߲ˣʵ֪˭˵ģȻȻ
ʦû˵ȻȻģǻɶǺĴܰзԸġ
˵꣬λͽܺΪʦеߡ
ǺǣûҪ⣬ںЩ˵֮ǰڰԵˣ̫ĺˣڱǷȥһҲá
ǣǣʦӦõġֹ
ûӦòӦãչ֮ǰʵǿѣڱѾҪôˣռȥһҲãúĵʵ
̫˵꣬ͽĸеʦ̫ΰˣȻʦ
ʦ֮Ʒú
̫ЦˣҲ˵Ʒãѵ֪ܺޱǰͷȻжǣ
˵ЦԼ覴ñرϲޣԼ̫ˡ
̫֪ԼԸΪʱе֣ˣľͺãα˵Ŀ
˵Լɵ˵Լգ˵ԼĪǾ˵ȥɡ
ԼԼĵԼԼ·ҪǣԼΪǵ˵ıԼ
ǣ˿̣
Сͽһ˵ԼƷУֵ̫ˣԼһЩĿеӢۡ

ʦõʦǼʦ˵ʦģϺʦϺС̫𡯡
ѺΪʦе͸Щ˵ʦõˡ
Ǻǣˡˡ̫Ȼ֮ǰʮˣ̫ʵ֮ǰǽ󷨿֮ˣôˣ
ʦġֻ˵ǰڴһԪа˳ɵ˴󷨣˴飬ΪȲ˵Զ
Ȱû飬ʦԸ壬ǳһΣ
˺ʦԸ壬Ѿڵڶȫɹˣҡ
Ŀ飬ǵĵ֮һȥǰ򡭡
ǵı仯ʵ˾̾

˵̫ĵ˵ͷ
ڽǽܴ̫ú֮ǰûԴûкõĹ촦ѹС
˿Ⱥûᣬܲ
Ȳ˵Բ̫Ĵ裬¶ԲǶȺкܶȺʮˣϣ
û°ɣ
ûУܰ֡˵ȴţ̫綼ܰ˳лçɽǿţ鶼ܵ͵
ͣһѺȻЦˡ
ʦǲ£̫ΪǺܶ࣬ǽ죬಻ʱֲģ¶ҡ
Ҳǣ̫ԺˣЩ˻¡
̫粻Լ޵УԼµһͬһȺۡ
ͺãȻӦˣ˵㻰ֵ̫
⣬Ҫٶ֮ǰ𱻷ʱûи֧ԮȺмˣǶСܲȺĴ£֮Ҫ̫Դˣһͬʾͺá
ǣʦ



189 ʦͽ£
Ϊƺˣ
һЩ£̫һ¼λͽܵΪ˾СƺΪٱ仯
ʦûдüλʦʦáʯһôҲλʦʦ𾴵ĵط
ԼԼλʦʦùذĺܡ
ʯ̫̾ϢҪʲô鶼ԼʦʦáẦǡ
ʦܴʦֵ£ǣǡصģûɶ˵
ʦչغ󣬾ϣǺܵʦԣһֱû˿ʦҪ̫ңˣһֱڵʦأûСѶ˵˳
˵̫е㲻˼ԭˡ
Լչʱջи֪׵ܻʱ̹۲棬Բ֪
̫εԭǱˣǲ
ʦҪǽ𣿡ʵ
ã
У̫Ц
̫ȻԼͽֻܴӦ
㣬㿴ʦӦˡ½˵ԹԼæޱʾ֪ҲֵģʦǺܺ˵ˡ
ǺǣҪʲô̫Цʵ

꣡
ѳĬˣǰԼҪʲôʦʲôԼˣҪʲô
Ȼ˵ĲʵǴʦ佱佱ҵ˼Ǻ̫Ҫʲô
̫Цˣɣָһ¿ɺã
̫Ļλͽܸˡ
ԼʦǺܶûָ̫ܵˡ
֮ǰҲͿйĻᡣ
ǴλᣬÿԼ·Щܴܿ󣬵ܷ֣ʦ㣨ʦãһˣԼ·ˣҲ֪ˡ
ԺΪΨһ汾⡣̫˵ȻҲбĴ֮ǰҲˣڱָһ
Ҳǰʱ֪ԪͬҪҺñңйλԵֲ巽Ĳ㡣
ֵ̫ǣȴԶˡԱʱ䣬ɵԪĹĹ֮ǰһֱûһǣʱ䣬ǣ˽ҲҪڱѾԽɵĲΣ·ǡ֮εʴˡɵ޽Բľ飬ʱǿԸˡ

˵꣬λͽԼ˵ϲüңֵ̫
Ԫľ飬Ҳľ飬⻹бͨԼĵ
̫ԱϣλͽܸˣΨеɻ
ʦ֮ǰ˵и˵ĵ֮ǰʦҲָǵ·ûҪҵȰʦ·ѧϰʦĵ
⻰ʵĺܴ󵨣ҲļԺĿʣѶ˵
ֻ̫һЦûй飬ӿɽ̣˼һɣǺԡ
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޷֮ǰûǣζѧϰˣ˵Ҳûá̫˵꣬һԵõ˵
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ʦҲһֱû̹ʦԼĵ
֮ǰΪʦԼĵԼ·ûǡ
ˣԭʦĵһУ˭֮֮ǰûڸǣʦûԲҲѧᡣ
ˣλͽһ꣬˵ʦǺÿడ
ǣʦĵʯ̲סˣ

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޼ޡȥڡδһУ


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ʦҡҪ˵̫ˡ̫ô̫꣬һֱڲͣҲȥһɣб޷
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׼һ̤֮á



190 £
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Դӽ̫磬ͻ˾ûгȥǴӼģ侭ʹԶ̫һԱġ
鶼Ȳϣ֮ɹ̫磬һ̫ԭ򣬶̫ùԵ
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Ҳˣ̫Ļ̫֮𡢰˱Ҳ˴޳ڵĲΡ
޽ɹһСʵɵĺܡ
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ϰº͵ĿȻˣ̫Ψ޽ɣǶеš
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⡭ֵзԸǰĵ׽κεطΥ߶ͷ֮
˵꣬λǵķԸɲҲҪΪѣͣ˹̫磬Ҳʮ򲻸ҹĶ͡
ͻһһһһ͵İ˻סˡ
ĵԸƻе𱩣Ҳĵ󷨽ľġ
ˣ˻ɢ˺󣬿ʼ˲СĵĹ̫֮·

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̫˵˵ţͯʼܺܲò̫̫֪֮飬Ҳû֡
ܻУչǡ˿󣿡̫ʵ
꣬ͯв֪룬ͯŮĶˣ˵̫ˣûκ󡣡
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Ҳã˸Ųúչгɲŵһ죬ΪԼҲǼлѵԸ°ɡ
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רټѾˣ̫ȥοߴӦʲôҪǿЦ
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ʵúû̫磬̫ͶԵУ»︴Ҳ⡣

ڽһЩ£̫ûչ顣
սչذ٣Ҫݽϣ̫˾ߣһֱϲ
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̫һС͵Լܺأ̫Ԫһֲܷˡ
̫ɻ̽һ󣬺ȻЦˡ


191 ܰѪ
ĹȻڶࡣ
̤ϺĴصĿӣʶ飬ֵֹĶУĿĿϾӡ
ˣûʯ˻ػʵʦ֣ʦܣʦãôıģ
ʦ㣬𿴺࣬˼̫ãıƺԶû̫á˵˵꣬һЦ
Ϊʲô任ģʱ˶ĿˣҲ֮ǰֺкܶʶǵġ
ԭˡӵͷ
̫ļλͽܶһ
ʯ㣬ȥĮ
ľе޵ĸо
裬žӴ͡
λŮҲһֶׯи䷶ڰ񣬻ÿɰСұ˵ϸϸġ
Ըȴر໥Ѱ̫о档
һпڵʱָǿӣʯǴʦ֣˹ؼʱ̡ʱ൱ĬҲʦõġ
ʯҪʦʦʦǣҲϰġ
Ǹ̫ʱ䳤ˣҲ̫֡䡱ķ緶
ʴһ·ϣʱ˵ֻˣӡӺˡ
˸˵̸޸һЦʯĮľ𺩺
һ൱ֵϡ
Сʦ˵鲻Խƻ
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仰˵꣬ڴܣ飬ŵĿź޲TԼƭˡ
ںͨ飬ǲ֪ʲôɱ١
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޲Tһ󾪻š
ŭͬʱȴ˵λѣȾǷǵĻҺ޲Tѵɱپֻءǣ
λҪˣҵȺ޲죬һľ棬ϵ˵û˽ģϵľĿ֤λȻֻ޻˵ϵͺ޻ֽһ
˵꣬ϾͶϣ˵ͼ̹ᦣֻ޻ʶȥ
Ӧ޲Tæ˵λҪ䣬Һͺ˽ģǾ֮ǰ̫ôƭ𣿡
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޲T仰Եһ
סĲǺĴܣ޲Tⷬһֻء
У̫ҵ׳ɽĻᣬһа׷ˡֻأͺĴܹͬ뷨
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϶϶֣޲Tֻغͺ
ڴӲ޴Сûǵޡ
ʬɽҰѪɺӡս졢



192 ̾
ֻ϶֣ô˽ֺܶΣһйһ̹ᦣһֻطӡֻ̡
˵Ľսܿⲫ˽ֵನôΪ߻ɢ
Щ˵ӣԽԽ컯ҲԽԽ
ϺѾռ˾ԵƣǺܼ컯̹ᦹ
Եľ棬аմɱֻء
ʱڱԱԽˣ˴ɱֻصĻˡ
컯ûʾ̫û֪
컯ߵǰߵķֻ֧֮
ˣ컯̵ֻܿģֻޱȵǿ󣬵ʼѲ˵ƿء
˴ιĶޣܶ࣬͵Ĵ̸ΪľǽĻᡣ
汻޲Tסˣ޴̫ͼʣĴܻȫĹ󷨣ٶȵȣʹ޴ޡ
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ܽң֮ǰĻսನһǧħ񿪱ٵĵ
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˻ǧħĲл꣬ӡӡ˺ܶ࣬Ժ˵ΪĻ顣
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ǧһʱ̣޵Ĺ赲չ鵲סһɫ̵ֻĹ

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ֻһԼֻˣ
һ亹˿ֻأȻȵһȻл컯ĲƬ㲻ֻƭ˱ʣƭ˺е顣
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ֻҲ֪컯кãֻ֪򵥣ǿ󣬵ʲô֪
ºĴ
󵽣鶼ԺʣѺвԼͺܵĶˡ
Ȼһ֤Ԫߵ׷󰡣ȻԼɵ𣿻ҪɱֻأⲻԼҲʹ
Ҹղźƴͼ컯ֶΣѾıɱپֻء
Ϊİ㣿
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λ׵Ĵܣûٳ֡
һĻĺ覴ѣףƻʧˣģԾ̫˵ָˡ
˭Ҳ˺ĴܵĹǺ˽

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193 𺢶
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Ҫ̫żӦп޵Сǡ
գǹȻ飬̫Ԥ֮ڣֻû뵽Ǹӣ
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СͯƲۣһŽɫĳ棬̫
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ͺñ̫Ͻѡɣȡ
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Դ̫ǿˣǿһز󣬴
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ξʹ޽ɵĸţǲеԶ
ⶫ̫⣬ֲ
֮ԽѵŬǿΪĥԡġ
ǣүһŬġСһ
̫ȴҡҡͷԼŬУҪȡջΣ㻯κܴﵽ̫ҽɵĵزʱĥԣΪ㿼ǵġ
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СҪȥ棬Ҳ˵֡
̫ÿһǧСһرһΣʱһѧϰĥġ
СΪһ仰ˡ覴ñر̫ǸӣҪȥѧϰˡ


194 
תǧ̫꣬ķɣż򾳽磬żĥ塣
̫ѳɣֵԪˡ
ѵڴ֮УӶԪɵĲΡ
̫ûżȥʵ֮ǰʱ̫ˣߣǱޣһĵҪѵúܶࡣ
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һ̾ͱûҪʱˣҲ޷ҵ顣
ˣ̫һ£Ѻһξͳɹֵ֮ӣӶ׻Ԫɡ
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ͺñȴ˿̣˿̲ʹô£һֵɹʱֻ̫ͽκΡ
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Ͼ֮ǰ̫ʱе¡
水֮ǰ뷨˵ˣԼ۵أܡ
ԣʧ̫֮ãõĸࡣ

ϥʵƴϣ̫ŴɵԲй
ǻԪһ˿̵ľΪ̫йΪһĹ
Ҫʱ佫ܳ
˵ǣ֮ǰ̫һֱڴйÿͻһ󾳽磬̫֮ǰľԲ󣬴֮ǰй
̫Ѿ̫ҽԲĲˣҪǴ޳ڵԲĹ
˵һһ벻ҪͷʼѾ˺ܺõǰ׺
˺ģС
̫֣͹˴һιļѡ
Ҫָ޵Ҫǰ׺ޡ
޶еУҪһԲ
Щ̫Ѿ߹̫ߵ·ϾԼɺ϶ɵġ
ܲҲк֮Ҳһ°ɣ
ÿεĸÿСĵģÿ׶ε壬һʺܼѵܽᡣ
̫һԪʱ䣬ŰѴ޲εĸ򡢾硢ܽ
ǲûֻ꣬Ǵ޲ζѡ
һҪĲһεĹһĴС
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196 ŭ
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ʶżȻĻ̫λӣֻغ˴˿̵¼
һгɶֺħ޻λ޻Эˡ

ô˵ħ̫λӣҪЮǰǻŭ棬ҧʵ

ħ޻ſһЦ˵
ȷˣλ̫̫Сˣҵ޺εȴڣȻô಻ʱʲ֪һףԭʲ̫ӻġɲУҵȲ߹ĴڣôܰѷߵƳȥأԱʰ̫СĵӣǰҪԴɱҡ
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ߣԽԽֻصħϺܲˣһ
λѣģѾɶˣûá
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ǲصģ̫ʾУʻԴɱǿþˣһԲСʻԪɾΪ



197 ֪ߣ
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ǰѾɶˣѾļһˣô죿
һԼ̲סֻصħ֪̫֪𣿡
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198 ̫ɽķƶ
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ֻϵȻǳסڣӽ󶼸ΪʦСĵ㣬ҪǷǣҲҪΪʦչȥ
ϵĺǳ⣬һӲ
ʦˣûʣСĽ뿪ˡ
ʣϵ˫ֺʮĬ̫𣡡

ϵֻǺĵһӰкܶطܶ鶼ϵһΪ̫ɡ
̫ò
￴ó̫ܾãһֱ˵ûʱŶ˥ˣԽԽϡ
̫쵽ʱӰĳ֣̫Цˡ
λôˣ
˶һЦƺʾԷ˵˵˵ԭѺ



199 Ϻ꣡
ޱȵϤüλ̫ϵá
ֻϵѾĴܴ֮ǰе棬ûκεˣ뿴̫ѻϵһ𣿡
Ǻ⣿̫ɻˡ
ԭ֮ǰǴι޻ʳֻر¶лƬϢ
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úһʱеˣԭĺ
ϼһ֮ǰ̫޷һ˹ˡ
̫һºе̫ҲʹԶ

̫Цˣƺŭû뵽Լ˺顣
Ƶĺ̫ЦҵʲôԵʣԭˣ
˿ʵѾͲϵ
ɣ̫ʵǱ֪أ
⣿ɵˣⲻܣϵ֪Ҳ컯ĲƬѵĲƬ̫ȱܸӦϵҲвƬϵͨ컯ġ

̫ЦˣȴûлشҲ֪ôشѵ˵һ֪
ѣ֪ܺܶ࣬㲻⡣̫οˡ
üȴ⣬˵
ѣ̫أ֪̫ˡӻУϵ͵ָ̫㣬㲻ɻ˵ɻ֪ϵ̫ѵһμʱǲɻ󣬶Щ˵ġ
üƺ뵽ˣ̫һâʱԼʩչֶȫõĳ档
겻ѡ
ǣȻЦˣͺãϵûиߵѣڲ֪֪ˣҲϵҳƽˡ
ڽģܣѲִ̫šüο
˵꣬һ£æü˹֣ʾܽˡ

̫üЦˣѵѵá
üôҲˣһʵ
ϵֵĲ࣬ϵ֪٣̫ȴϵΪ֪Ȳ˵ϵ˴ܲܰﵽæ̫ѱ˱ȣϵԹۡҲˡ
ֻüϵ̫ѣԻһͬҹڽģɲҲܲ
ҡüֵϵҲ棬ĸұ̫ѣħʣϵ뿴ǡηѡ
ҲüģôԼͲǵħأ
ǧħʶĺ٣Ϊռ֮Եʣڻü޴ڵĴڡ
˵ˣ
˶ɻˡ
̫ʵҲ棬ħ˭˵ǧħ嶼֪ôǵħʣħʺͱʶŮԻħħ˭
Ҳ֪üˣΪ̫֪ء
֪˳Ĭ

ȻǺЦˣλѣڻʱ񣿡
˵ֻ꣬üϵԴ̫ѺʱûбϵĴڡ
̫ҲǱԴ˴ûбȱġ

Ȼû⡣
뵽ʲôʴһʣһε֪ü̫ڻеĵλˡ
ⶼʲôˣϵĵһ飬ֵýˣû뵽ͻһˡ
ʲôü̫ʵ
æȶ֪λѳ
ϵЩˡ˵ֵ꣬ϵ˵Ȼλʶħλѳ˸ߣλƺߴ˷λߴ룬ħǺˣѵλᷴ룿
⣿̫üȻˡ
ϵλλѿ֪һɼ飿к׵ˣ

Ȼ̫üһۣ
ЦˣԺ̣̣ܽܽ
ˡ
ԭˡüͷ
ֻλˣϤĵѣǻһǻʶħܸ΢΢ǲҪ֪
Ӧǣλ浣ĹǶˡֻҪǿħǵ߻ԪɣߣĳעˣȱһΪҲûǿֶΡ
̫뵽˸ֻ࣬صľ֪ļһֱУʶܱǺˣñ˵
ȷǲ󣬲ҲһӲ⣬ûεؾͿʼſ
ججˣںĺò׵ǣϻбǿп޵Ľɫ΢ˣȻˣǿĴˣ֪̬޾ˡ

̫üһһ䣬ԭħ仯̡
ò˵Ϻ괧Ħһ㣬



200 ħʣ
桢ֻأˣ
죡
ڴʱ̵ˣѾкܶ̽˵ء
ǻΪ˼̫һ棬Ǳб뷨Ϊ˿̫ܾˣ֮ԭ򣬶ڴš
һ·ϣ̫üݳνħʺ̫Ѿˡ
ʶʱֱ̣ӵֻأħ˭
޵Ѿڴ˵ȴ޿̫ʱȻһݣ̫޵еӡǴ̫ˡ
ǰ֪ħ̫еĸоôɷǡ
ʱϳǰ桢ֻءħ˶
̫˵һ仰󣬾Ѿħʷŭˡ
ҲǣҲǣ̫㾹Ȼ𱾻ʣ
ֻص뷨ȴһ̫һǰǺü֪Ѿʲôˡ
Ǻǣ̫ѡüѡѣλΥˡֻ㲻ʣҪ˵һ䡣
̫ƷƵʵʱ䣬·Ͼпռһü̽ԼλӵĹѺ֮ء
Ҫġ
ܲܲ˵һɱ
ԼλˣǾȫ׷ˡ
ѣз֣̫ʵ
ü˵ͷϵֵħռУСû£ÿնϵ֣ʱ򽻸ϵͿɡ
̫˵ͷݣ̫Ҳħħռ֮üǿ϶һ¡
棬ֻأ֮ǰΧ𣬻ǵ˵ʲô𣿴˺Ա˲ᣬǶ˵˱᣿
̫пǺüƻ󣬿ʼļƻ¡
仰˵꣬Ķе𾪡
̫ȻȻԸ˱᣿
Ͷˣֻεѣ˵ʲôûãӦ˵ѵĵӣѿȥ𣿡
ֻ̽ʵ
еǣʵ֤
Ӹղֻ̫صĶԻֻҪɵף̫ȷͷίȫν̸ʤĴ͡
ܶһμ̫飬ĵĻˣԭ˵Ķģ

Ӧˣ̫Ȼ˵
仰˵ֻ꣬غˣʲôʱ̫ô˵ˣӦð
̲סˡ
һ߱Ӻܾõħı΢ֿ̬ʼˡ
̫һٶӱʣôң
ħ̽鵽̫üΪˡ
ü̫ԼһΪԼ˻ǿһ㡣
ǣԼ˻͵ǺͣԼǿһǿ̫ü
뷨УǿǾǿʲôô
鱦֪ʶ
΢֪뷨ǲϣʵΪһϣǾ˵Լ֪
Լô֪ģǱ΢֪ģԼǻħ

ֻأ̫Ļеʱ
ħˣ
𣡡
ֻħѸʩչˣɢźɫħħħʷƣȻԻáá
̫ħŭ
Ҫסֻ֣һ
ͣ£Ҳˣ
Ψ̫Цˣƻɹˡ
ǰӭս±ֻסǾѰˡ
䣡һֻ̫ˡ
֣֪ˣֻҧ̫˽֡
üѸٵĲס棬Ƶĺɣʵڵ̫ʤһ
ֻȴǳ˼棬ۺ졣
޴ͬѸٶ¾Ŵʮֲ̫֣û취
̫ЦŭͷԣԼҪħеĵˡ
ͣӣԸûӵˣðˡ
ɲǼۻҵĿս̽˵صĴܶˡ
ǻ۲һ̫۲һν޻أͿˡ
̫
ʶħ󣬿϶һ뷨ǾԼİ޿ħʣ
Űɣ
ֻ̫һһԡ
ʱһ˶ޱȵİɫʮƷ̨ˣʥĹâϵϢתʥâ˳ˡ
ʦ˵ģ̫
ǿ󣬺
Ȼ죡
һš
ǵħȻˣǾŴҲˡ
ʬ꣬͠Թ
ǣԱǵĳԹħȻķ֣Լǣǿ˵֡
ôħе¡
֪Ѻһֱ仯һǴӴ˽һǾʹ˷񲡣
ȻӴ˽һĻħûˣֻзˡ
ⲻܣġ
޴̫Ѿˣȴɢʥʴħħ
ÿʥɨܷħޱȵܡ
ʱܣƺڵıе࣬ħе
ˣ̫ˣ˷ܵ뵽
ʵħ֪Ҷǵ֮ǿ˺ܶ౶
ħǱģǱ֮֮ģ
ˣ˸ֲŻ㲻


201 ֮
ݹȫֵֻ̫ˡ
׼á
̫Ѹٴü׼
λӱħֿռ̫׼Ѹжħ֡
˺ͨռ֮üħûӦǰѸٰλӾȳ
ħŭʹħռ飬ǱѹħռˣλӾΣˡ
ƣ
ֻü
̫˲ʩչʱ̣

һʧصħȻоԼܶˡ
ʱ䣡ħһ飬Ȼˣʱ̫֪֮˵ˡ
ǣˣ
ռն
̫ѸһӣʱһնյĴ󵶣˲նħϡ

ã
һʱ䳡ۻң޴ס̫ġ
֮ǰ̫Ϊ̵ֻķӡʴ̫Ӳˣֻܺ޴Ӳ
˿̣̫Ķݷʱ֮޿סģ̫սսսͱܿ޴ͷӬ
ֻʱ
ü˲ʧǰüûĿռ֮еܡ
ԼĹܱüɵĿռ䣬ʩչĸоܡ
ü˲ʧû뵽Ȼ̫ħսƬΪüڿռжԼء
ʶȫû뵽
ĵ£ֻ̫ռննµħ֣ѸٳֵüٵԼĿռ֮ڡ
ħƶʱ̫ʱ侲ֹʧȥõʱһѾˡ
仯ܿ죬ŭķԼˣˣȫԸʱ򣬷ִˡ
ѽţ
üֻգۼ䣬ħռеλѾ˳
̫˿ղһֱСĽһֱϸơ
ħͬھ˿̣Լλӱȳʱ̫ڷˡ
̫һ䣬ɵ۵̫޴ǰ
ȥһ߹սȥɣ̫һ֣Ȼɵбͳս
~~~~
ħеĸоȻ˲ϱ̫նϵ֣оԼˣˣƭˡ
ⲻԼ뵽Ļ棬ġ
̫ڿԷſֽˡ
һƣ˲ѹս

̫һХ
ħƱ𣬵ɱ
ڲصֻ̫͡һӻλ֡
ˣ
ֻսˡ
ã̫˶ȫˣûй˼ˡ뵽
ǿӣȻôԶܸ޾
ս̾
ֳˣŵѾܾûˡ
곤ʿ̾
ȻǿͻȻȴ˵ĻҪ£̫˼ˡ

ȥ
~~죬Ѹ޴ȥ
̫ȴֳʱ̣ȫɱħ
оĿƣħйֻջƻ̫һ㶼ûС
һ˾޴ƫơ
ֻ죬̫׵ʱ򣬶ԻӵƿأѾĿǰ塣
ӵÿһƣ
֮ǰ̫ҪָӻӣſӲ޴
˿ֻ̣̫һ˿ԪٿأӾԼӲ޴Ҫ
û̫˸Դһĸоùս鶼ǳ
Ƿ׷׾ˣǹ۵о޴Ľ
䡣

ֻ̫һŭʱ̵һںǰչֳ
֮ǰֻ֪ǿ󣬴˿˶ˡ
һ


һԹսλӣֻ֪ʦûʦչǵһֱ۵ĸܡ
ܵʦǿ
ħ˸ߵΪȻʦﲻһ˵ʦһ˶޴ħ
Ǽͬʱޱȵʱֱʦ˰
ڡ
ˣֲ̫ôԭʱҲ
֮ǰΪǣŵ鱦ѣһʩչ˾ˡ

ħһҽУ־ˣ˺ز˵Լʽǰƣֻܱķ
ǣܷסҲðؼǷס
ΪԼ޵е壬Ȼһ
֮ǰ㱻Ի
þԻˣԼˡ
һħħʼѿڣѪȥҲ̶á
۲˵ְ֪ˣ군ˡ
ôһαѹˡ
뻹ܵ㣬ֻظˣ֮ǰĸоˡ
ں컯ʱֻԼҪĸо
˿Լ˲סˣǻħ
̫һЦû˱ħĸܡ
ħֻѪ̫֪ԼĹĲֻħԪһĺۼ
ʱȫһֻħѪ̫Сʱ̵ˣҲΪ̫ѹɱﵡ
Ц˵ֻҪ̫ȫһħָԪ飬
֮û̫ԭҪħֱܱӴɱ̫ˡ
ССϰĴڣƱħ˭ĵӣ
ʱˣ̫۲һս
ֻֻֻм֮ȫ޷֮汻üһǣš
޴Ӳⲫļߣκʥ˶ĻӣǾӲⲫɡ
޺ͻӵսǲң޵ĲҽһδηۻӲһУѹƣ޳Ծ˿ͷҲùս۽硣
޴󣬾Ȼ˲һѹģ
ʶ
û˺֮ǵ̫ӡħܡֶΡ;
ħ̫һ󣬼ϰĿƣİ취ûУɼ֮
̫
ȿȣ
ħһɿȣѪ֪Լ군ˣû뵽һԼ군ˡ
Ϊչģǰĳ֣еĻ롣
ͨƣΪǿ壬Ȼܲס̫һ˲ŷ֣Լԭһֱ֪΢
ǣİΪͬľΪԼ̫ôأ


ħһҽУ̫ʳСˣˣڻ磬㿪֮٣Ϊݺˣû뵽³ֻΪζǰ־ˣȷ˿־
ħҵֻǱʲף㵽ǺεȴڣΪǿֻضɻĪ¿ռħ񶼸Ըģң򱾻Ŀ
ħˣˮºˡ
Ȼˣܵõȥʶʵ
ֻ̫꣬һЦ
δ磿ãƹ£
ǧ̫

һΣ󣬿ʼеĺ塣
ǣδδеΣʱ̫ʹڣµʺɻ磬Һ磿Ϊ˹µ
ڶȴ˵̫ǧ̫֮û˿ڮ٣֮ߵֻдԴ衣
𺳵ˣֻ̫֮Ϊ𣡡



202 ʱתۣ
һ̫ԭġ
Ȼˣħȥˣ
̫ɹӦÿԴС֮ԼĵҪЮˡ
˷粻ɳ̫»鷢ʶҪףҪ˿˾ͺ¡

ֻ̫ʱ̻ӳ~һֻħʼ顣
ԪͱԴҪȥ̫ᡣ

ʱһָסħԴ̫ʱ֮ڡ
ˣ֪ȴЮ̫ĵ޻ˡ
겻ѡ
̫Ϊ˵ģȴоӦˣĹ˭
ѳɴ˵ʳ˿̣̫ܶһ·֤ߣ̫Ը
ʦǿ󳬳ǵ󣬿ҵȴʦϺȣʦѾķƣΪȵԵʣʦ³ɽҲ֪ʦûӰ졣
Ŀһеλӣսϵָһ޻ʵ̫оݵͬʱΪԼĲеܡ
ʦ룬ȲŬŬʦʵ̫ãˡ֪޻ʣ֮ǰŴʦֵĻҲͬܣǿÿһ㡣
ⲻ֪
̫ĵӣȷռ˺ܶˣҲΪ̫ĵӱ˺ܴѹ

˵ħ䣬ֻ겻ѡ
ǽ¼ǣĵġ
Ͼħֵʱ̣ܶºǿҲ޷ֻأѾݺἸˡ
ʶħĸ̾Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ħ޷˵ãһ֪ð̫Ļѡ
飬ڴġ
᲻ޣ
᲻޴Ӵ˳Ϊȥʽ
ܶ˿ʼϸ˼ˡ
ǰ˵뷨Ȼã̫Ϊ
֮ǰĺܶྭͽ׵ı仯
Ǵ˿ޣĵɱԲͣΪûѹƣΪƺ⡣
˵ԼѹƾͿпˡ
룿ûԼǰţ񲻷ˡ
޼ڣպȻı仯仯
Ҫ޵ָʱҲַƺĵ
֮ǰ̫鷳˺ǿ˺ĵıʡ
ֻҪͻˣ֮ǰһķƣȤľͲһ£Ȥľȥɡ
ԣ˴ӦҪˡ
κΣ粻ֹ
ڴʱ
Ĵ̫һʱеԾˡ
ѣϵеѣסޣϵζҪȹɱ١
Ļ̫ס
ֻǲݵľ棬֮ǰü飬ôõĻᣬȻŹ
ĺɳˣǺĵƽƱҪˡ
˼ˣ̫еԥ
Ȼ뵽Ѿǵڰˣǰʱúÿ졣޵ʱѾİ·ϰ˺Ĵ˿̵ľ棬ȴˣĵݱʼҪġ
ʱ̫ģ壬ޣħܡ
ϰ˾棬ȴ˺ĵݻ
һʱҪˡ
̫̾һӦ˺뷨
ͺñ֮ǰħȫ䣬˿ֵһʱҪʱ̡
ʱ
ֲˡ
̫ѾɱħҪ
̫ѸٲסԼüȴʼݹսˣҪɱԼˡ
ڵ𣿡뵽
ǣˡ
޲Tɱ٣̫Ų޲TḺֻǿס棬Ҫֻؾͺá
Ҫ̫ʵ֮ǰȷʱ򣬿д˿̵뷨ȼȻ֮УɵĻǺЦ𣿡
ãһЦȻɱ𣬿̫ûǸ¡
ֻȫֶ̫ȥ
ԽսԽоԾ
սһᣬֲˡ
ֻ̫߷ȫû˸ղŴɱħơ
ˣˣ̫ҪɱĲԼǡ
ֻصѣ
淢ֻ֣Ѿڼѵֿʱʱˡ

ֻ治ĵŭ
̫ȫ£ûѿ̫
ŭˡ
ϸֻغͺʱ򣬷֣֮ǰйоصĺʱˡ
ֶζʩչ˳ֻѹƺܴ컯Ƭɢһ˰⡣
ѵޣҪΪʱ䳤ӵĹ𣿡
սȻ˷ˡ
̫˵Ϊѹǣִñĸо
ͬΪģ̫λӡ
ʯȻλʦʦãĪҪ֮ǰͶ޵Ǽλ߹ʦ˴ҪһޣȱæﲻˣǣǰﱰСˡ
ʦ˵ĶԣһҪǰǣ֮ǰҲ
ã֣
ֻ̫ļλӣһ߹ȥ
Ȼֵľ棬̫ˡ
̫𣿡ĸо
ݺ޾£ԼҲߵ˾ͷ
ãֻҪɱֻأǾԼʱ̡
̫û뵽λӵΪ˵
ǲأ˵ȵʱ͹ȥˣֻڤ粻ˡ
ֵ̫ޣ𲻻ģֻǰѶȹɱٶѣûµġ
ҵһЦ̫ڿ𣿡
˵̫꣬ش
ֻ淢룡

淢ˣõֶȫʩչ˳ʼ̫Ĵս
̫ȴк֣ȫԸŲ˶á
ܱ޲T
ʱ
һսҲԥˣҪҪޣ
ԥʱ򣬺ֻصĽսҪֳʤˡ
ֻһ
䡱һ



203 ֻأ
ֻֻһҽУ̹ᦵĻ֮ˡ
ֻҲ컯Ŀš
˻ᣬѾκֻؽ֣ǾɹһΡ
ֻأ׿޻ʣϵΪ鲻̸˶Է֮ɱ٣עֻܴһ֮ãڵ˽ʱˡ
˵е̹ȴûţһ֮᧿Σֻضȥ
䡱һֻֻǱɺԶ

޾ֻصЦоóݺ硢ʱÿÿĲġ
ֻرķ֣Լ׳һʱȻûȨ
֮ǰֻ̣ڴ˿̣Ȼƿ
ֻıԴ
Ī䣬ָֻ
Լ֮ڿ֮дҲǴ̹ŵİš
룬һжڱ˵İУΪ
ǿı޿κεıŪ
̹ţԭһֱİУ

ֻ˲仯
ֻƿأȴʢ֮⣬ֲ˵֮
Ϊб仯ĺļһݣֳ̹ᦽҪѹȥ

̫ȻһĪҪˣֻѾ䣬춨˵ľ񡣡
̫º⣬˵һ䣺ѿɲο֮ǰɱ顣
ɫ˱仯
ûҷɾ裬Ŀֻֻ̺ء
һ̻š
ķΧĶܸܵ
ڤڤУǣƺ֮ǰعصڲ㤣Ҳء
ΪﵽߣʱŶ䣬һµʿƺ걻һ㡣
Ǵ˷ܵĲãȻͬʱÿǺ¡
ƺеģ
ģǿ϶ģֻΪֻأֻһݱ䣬ֱڤʱ̣ݱʱ̡
ʱֻת֮ȥԽֻת
޸ĸƼֻܵʱı仯ĬĬɢ
ѣ
Ǳ˵Ī棬ֻص
䲻ֻΪȥе򣬿Լ˵Ĵڣһ
ֹ̫һ˵Լ˵ʱѾȥ֮ǰƺ
˿̵ƺࡣ
̫˵ԼǹȥʽԼ˵ںһ̣˵Ĳˡ

һ˻ȫķŭ˹
һ̫ҪȼձԴ
ˣ̫òãΪ˶Ը޲TɲԸʶ䡣
̫ʱһӣ~һ˷棬Ҳࡣ
ķ֣ղ̫ĹȻǡôĻԼ
˵ʲô
˵е̫ǴɱԼǲɱԼ
汾һ˲ˡ
з¶䣬һҪ̫üڣһҪֻصѱ
һҪ̫Ϊ˿ϷˣԼеڡ
Ŀٻޣƺסˡ
һĻĹսܲ⣬룺ôɱ棬סˣ
ʱ
ֻֻرԴֻ̣һ⣬޾Ѫȥ
۲̵ֻ˺ܶࡣܵƵѹ̰Ҳա
ң̫ȴܾףֻ̲˵õӦж
ֻǲΪλˡ
Ŀֻʧֻ̻ʧĿһС
ֻ
һĻɵ˹ս飬˲ǣ
۾һĻˣ̫û޵뿪
⣬⡭
սˣ

ץס˼߹̫ӣҲɵ۵Ĵż߹ʦǰ

Ҳˣ

ֻҵĺš
ʦôߣܲʵ
ֻ̫ûػ
սĺܶҲɻˣм󵨵ΪʵôŹˣ
ߣ̫ɨ

һȣֻվѯʵļˣ岻ܿƵķغѪֹ
ֻ̫ѵһ£ûɱǡ
ѣлλѡЦݵ˹ڴɱֻˡ
ִɱֻصһ̣ԼľΪʼ仯ˣ֮ǰ̫ü۵󣬾ջܴ
ԭɱѹƣºֻܴԲܸ˺ĵ硣
ɱֻغѾ·ķˡ
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ʶ˿̵ĺܸлü̫
̫һɵĺ飬ȴе㺦µĸоղ̫һȣǸоˡ
ףصѣϲɺء
̫üϲ
лλѵĶ֧֡ϵˡ
Ǻǣ޷޷

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̫һҲã
ֻ̫ս˵ǲǲⱾΪηŹ޵ˣ
꣬û˸һش
̫ѾˣʣµǵˣҪűˣΪǽһе鷳ǲܵġ
⻰˵꣬ˣ룺ԭĵô𾴣
鶼û˽ģû޻бġޡĳ֡˽˵ģʶĵĲпᡢѪ顢߱ɱҲĳģ˺ĵĹأǵĵȻǵĵҪԼȥߵģҪƮϣڱˣֻ·ϣο
̫һ̾οûޣԼҲʧ׼𣿻ǼһԼǣǻӦǴӦˣ˻Ӧ𣿡
ãΪΪǰһУɢ˰ɡ

̫Ļúܶˡ
ֻл˽ģսѪͲʧһޣֱġޡıؾ֮·
ǵ
û˻᲻Сޡ̫ûֻԼﲻĸ߶ȡ


204 ħ֮
λѽҪ
ɢȥ˹ս飬̫ѯʵ
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ü̫Цˣ֮ǰҲںʱܣܣȻ׺˼
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޷ඪ˿ԿԼĲ㣬ҲýŬ̫˵꣬ЦοħǿԿģҲǡ
ţúŬˡ̫ѵðο
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ɱ˰ɣá
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;һ߹ˣ˺ʦͽ뿪˴˵ء

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գΪ˵ΪԼĵ޲Tµ㽾ȥ͵ߵ
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ʮһɽȵʱ޲Tһ󷨡
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޲TϲȡУԪк޲Tʱ޴ľϲˡ
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˵̫ư˺ʵֵʱ򣬾Ѿ˺ˡ
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׬ȡ޾ĺôԲԴӶ֮ε
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ʥˣǵȷи飡ȴ˱ٿصĿܣȽһ¾Ǹˡ
Ǿ仰ȡõĳɾͣˣӿ֮һ˳ġ
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˵޲T
˺һᣬ˼˺ܶࡣ
µõ컯ƬҲ̫˵Ķֻ֣˵ǰ;Ҫǰ;̵á
ʴˣͲ񷡢ߵ˺ǽҪ顣
ƻ˺Լһȥźá
Ŀǰ̫Ҳ͵ߵͲϣʵִĿġ
޲T˾ˣ



205 㣡
ʦʦϢˡ
ڶһɽֻһ˽̤ƣѸٵһϵǰ
ˣϵɫ֣ء
˵ʦ𣬺Ϣ̫Ѿɱħʣ˺ɱֻ޻ʣѾһۡ
棿ϵ
ǵģʦѾˡϲ˺˵һЩ
Ŷ˵ʲô
ֻ˸˵һ飬ϵ档
ǵհԶ˵ĲûޣޣֻҪ˽Ĳս޴ڵġˣúףеû𣬲ҪæԼ
ϵħʺֻػʣѾǹˣͲˡ̫𣬵֮Ȼ粻ꡭ

ֻССӰ֪ܶϢɢ˷ܺʼ˼ˣ˼̫Ļ

峤ѽˣǲҪˣٳĬȥǵġ
ں룬ϳ
ֻĸ߲һã̫ħֻصϢͬ˷ܡ
֪ѾУõҪˡ
Ǵ޺ڵΪ̹ŵɼʮֵķˣѾһĺĶˡ
ȱٵֻǵ̺;ĸߵͶѡ
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ôأ
У϶
Ե־עˣ֮ǰ޵ѹơκһδƵҲˣѾˡǣû޵вܶȻҪΪԼĽˣҪ׳벻̲˵սԱ𣿡
Ļһ߲Ĭˡ
峤ǵ³𣿡һʵ
һģ̾Ϣ
֮ǰѾ˺˽ģεɽΪӣǱ˱ȳɽģǵٺġ𣬿ĻˣҲܿϺˡ
˵꣬Ĭˡ
Ǿľ֮ǰ̫⵽ʱԥˡ
ҺãǱȼҲԥˣǷ˲١
ǿ塣
о޴ơ
汾ƫһ磬Ϊ֮ǰ̫Ĵ裬ʹ÷õ˾޴ķչ
Ψ壬Ա˵չҲС
ͬΪ̹ѪͬΪ壬Ȼż
ˣλ߲Ķ峤Ϊ
԰ڲſʱҪأȴϴƺ󣬲ǳʱҲǵģʵϣȴǻҪĬ
һھͳԵͷ

һһͬûжĽ±֪һ
Ϸɽ
ʼ˷ˣֻ֪Ϣһ̾
Ȼǵ𣬻Ȼÿγֶܸıĵĸ֮֡ǰˣҪ֮ǰǰȥ֧Ԯ͵Ĺϵ׳󡣡
˵ЩҲûãֻȫֲ͵Ĺϵʼ˰ο
ȴҡҡͷˣѾ˺˽ģ֮ǰ׶ҡ뷨ˣֻᾲķӿײˡ
Ҳһں˭˵նУֻûеĶˣֻҪˣյĸԣǲܱôģ
Ŷкָ̣
۾ˣԼ˺ԼͬԴͬԴΣ˺Ƿ򸾣νԼұۡ
ǵûǺ𣿡
֮ǰ°ߣ˺󱻵µС
ǰʱѾ̫ҳڵΪˣҾﵽ̫ڶ壬̫ҺڶԶˡ
ȻԾʡ
֮ǰĻŸոս׽ɲãû뵽ٶһʱ䣬Ѿ̫ڵľˣеԾ
ˣ˵ģעԣΪˮɵĽȻ̫ҺڵľΪˣǺӵĸԾģ֮ȹ̣嶼ҲõС
⣿û뵽̫Ϊ죬Ҳô
أźܶ飬ڵҲСеλʼ˵
ķĿ࣬Ȼˣʲô뷨ǺˣȻ˵£б뷨ԼչҪҲƿҪȡκεĺô֪𣿡
~~һʼЦˣѵôû۹⣬ǲ˵Ҳ֪ɲǶ֮ˡ
εЦˣǺǣ֪ͺãΪˣǺǡ
ǴӻǸӸˣжرгҲرûΪһЩ⣬ȴǺԥ
ʲô˼ƺ뵽ʲôһʱ벻ףܸоԼָ
~~ʼһЦǾãҪ͵ĹϵԱ顣ǽÿʱ䣬͹һЩеģȥϺ˵ģ˵лС¡Ȼ壬Ȼڹؼʱĺá

ò˵ʼŮ˼ܻϸڡ
˵ķϲüңһЦúãȻΪһҪúһ·ˡ
˵ֻ汧ʼˡСȥˡ
~~㣡
Ҫֱ̫֪ܻģԼȥˣֱд


206 ʦͽͬΣ
̫ʦͽˣѵһġ
˱任ģ̫óƵ컯̸˿ӡ
ƺ󣬴̴ﵽ˶鱦ĲΣɡ
̫컯̸˿顣
лʦ
ϲĽӹ̣ԽԽϲֺԼʮֵϡ
֮ǰʦὣû컯ʺϡ
˺󣬿Ӱὣ̫
ǽȡ⣿̫ʵ
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ʦȲ鱦ʹѾˣ⣬ʦƵ鱦һ鱦˵ҪãȲʯ˵
̫˵ͷҲãżѾˡ
˵꼸ӳĬˣʦ˵Ķԣ֮ǰû̫ע⣬ķ֣鱦飬һ鱦Ҳһ鱦пޡ˷֪鱦̫ȱ٣ҵʦֵ鱦ȫʦ͡
ڵӵĹά̫ϰˣ˵úܶԡ
̫Ц˿̻˵鱦ȱ٣ܼ鱦жԽԽ٣һ鱦ˡ
ǣŵŵ˵ʦ鱦Լư
ʣԼȱ٣
ǣǿԼƣû鱦鱦ĲҲ˿̿鱦ĵرܶ࣬ʱݣĵرҲϡУȱʧûС
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ܸǲģԸһЩҪĵطúĲΪǣһıܶ࣬õ޾Ĺ¡
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ǿԣǡ̫̾ϢҪΪﵽһĲΡ
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ҪԪ޽ɰɣ»ԪޣҲܲóĵ󷨣ֻǸһֶѣ֮󳬳ǵ󡣡
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ߣԪҲ֮ˡ֮磬֮˻ԪɣԪ֮˻Ԫ޽ɣԪ޽֮˻Ԫ޼ɡϾǵĲˡ
ԪߣΪԪһΪԪػԪػԪ򷨹һһһµĿʼµĿʼǷ֮εĿʼ
ԪߣԲ˺ڵչ֮֮ƿ֮ں֮
֮Ϊ
֮ΪԪɡ
ƿ֮ΪԪ޽ɡ
ں֮ΪԪ޼ɡ

̫ĽλĿԭôߵĲΡ
ʦ˵ɡᱲʿҪߣ
ĲǲȷĲҲ֪
һ
ǵģ󻹻С
Ϊ
̫֮ǰ˵ˣԽԽ٣˵ʲô˵Ʒ½󣬴˺ֵ飬˿ǿҲŽͣĲΣǽ֮µĲΡ
λ˿ΪⷲȵҪأԭǱɵһΰ
ͺá
Ǻ֮ˣǺܿɶ棬񲻣Ѹл
Ǻǣ̫Цˣһ£һֻأꣿ𣿡
ʦ⣿̾˵ȱչһ£ǡѾֻغüˣ
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ᣬĻаĻʲʱģĸܡܺĶѣʶޣޣ㣬㣬Ϊģ˶ѣ
̫Цˣ룬ûֻԧ첻ɡ޲ſջꡱʯͷһľĻšȵȡ
ķǣ˵ģ뷨أ
λȴûΪʦڽǣᶨ˵ƣǣʦڼĥġ
̫Ҳû˵ģֻǵ˵ͷ
һʦͽ˼ʼˡ


207 ԴѰ
Ԫһ̫һ˿ΪƣϸĹ۲죬ΪûκΪ顣
Բһֳ֡
ǣλ̫ҽɵĵӺܹԿó⿴ûκΪĵˣܲ򵥡
ʶһ·Ҳûв۵ǰ鷳
鷳ģҲλӴˣ˵̫ڲǰѾ״޽ɵΪ
ǵĲࡣ̫Ϊ˲Ҫ鷳ѹڽɵĲΡ
򣬵޽ɵ鶼֪̫ûˡ

ף
̫ȻüȥϱߣӦһص󷨣лԵ֮
̫˵꣬λ˷ˡ
ʦ˵Ŀ鱦֮ϡ٣кܶġ
ҴʱȻ֮ûɣʶûг
˵һЩɽУ֮ֻûлԵѡ
Ҳĺܾãʦ˵ĻԵһֱû
ʵǲ֪鱦Եߵ֮ǿߵ֮
ûǿˣ鱦ߣҲõ
̫֮ô鱦ΪĶسǿ˵¡
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˾ߡʱ̣̫㡣
̫ʵҲûõǿ鱦
һĻԵãֻ컯ѡ
ģὣǴɱ˵ģԪˮҲǴɱõġ
ڻȪȴ̹Ŵġ
ʣģ̫ԼƵġ
´ӵ鱦ҲԼƣߴɱ˺õġ
ʶ̫ʵҲϲѰ;
οԼˣŵõ٣
ϼһһ˵õˣһ鱦˵֮
̫
̫Ӳ鱦˲ãòԺò
֮Ҳã鱦Ҳãض
˵ôˣҪҲûˡ
ʶܵȽżǿ

һƺƽĵط̫ʼԴˡ
Լһ£з֣
λѧϰ̫֮ѧղͻȶԶ
ϻԵô񣬹ʶôģȴһ
̫ǽڵѰ鱦ı¡
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ʱòֵıͽܣǻܶɡ
Ϊ˹һʦ񫣬̫ãҪúøһΣʱ򣬻ΪͽܺԼ
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λףʦָǣȫӣ˵صĲͬ
󷨵ؾڴ˴γɣԸԲ
䡢ǹȣƽ⡣
⣬ɵ󷨣б֮С顱
󷨣ҲУ󡱡
˵ǻۣǡбܵķӦ
ʾ͡ûԵ֣͡˵飬ѵõϲ
ҲǺܶǱԵ֮˷ֵԭ
Ͼγɣڵ鱦һģ˵໥ġ

˹˽һʱ䡭
̫ҲԱĿλӵѰҡ
ʯ˺żܺĵѰ󷨣ȴŶ롣
·ǵǰҲ
ô죿
λӾãʦǰˡ
ʦָΧˣԼһ˻ûҵ
ף
ʱ̫΢΢һЦ
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̫֣һΪ̫ڵ飬СĵĿӴ˵ء
ǿʯ˵Ϊ̫ҵĲΣûֱվп⡣
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ʯѾڴ˵һˣ̽鵽˵صĶףָѰʲô
˭ûһطػһࡣ
̫ҲûʾССһ̫ҽɶѣ첻ɣ
ҡ
λҲӲһѰҲĵģһ࣬ûѯ̫һ
ǰпӵ飬Ȼĺ̫
о̫һͨѡ
Ҫʯ˹Ľʦ̫ҽʿܵĺܿ졣
ǰпߣҲģһº̫뿪ˡ
̫ЦЦƺ˼Ҫˡ
ǣȴûʯˣһѡ
Ȼ
ֹһµʱ䣬졭
ֻһЯǿˣͷǵˣд޳ڵΪ
ָ̫һ㣬˵ٻε飬һΣҲǴӻĹϢܲȡ
ĸţʵҪһ治˵̫ˣǾùˡ
̫ɳ˵ܽˡ
̫֣ͷ֮ˣղ޳ڶѡ
ȻҲǸղޣ޿ɲһԱȽϵġ



208 ̫ٳ֣
ǱΧˣҪ¶ԼŰ졣
̫Ȼλӣʯ˺Ȼˡ
ǳԾĲ鿴ʱȻˣ
һߡ
ãǱˣôǵģֻͷĴ޽ɵ
棬ӦǴ̫ˣǷˡ֮ǰҼ˺ܳʱ䣬Ƕûֻ֡ǿ֮˵
ߣҲգ޽Ϊ̫ҽɵĸ֣Ȳλ̫ҽɵɢޣֻ˵
ˣǸԶһ
Ϊ֮ˣɽõţɽ档
ǰ˻һʯ̹Ŵʱںģڵٵǣڵٻζ
һΪѾǳ޽ɵĲΣ»λ̫ҽɲε¡
ɽڴһҲǸС
ǣ̫ȴ˶ߣǾɽƴޣǣҲͱһ̫ǿһ㣬⵹̫ܺ桭
˵ɽ
ڴ˿̣ĵڰڡ
һ죬Ѿ붼д޽ɵĲΡ
ֻвɵ̫ҽɵĲΡ
̫ңҲ̫Һڣ̫Բ
Դӵٿʼˡ֮󣬺ٶȣʼ˱ڡ
˴˿̣Ѿܳˡ
һܣҪ޺ڵΪˡ
ˣѾǴԲĲΣ޲TɱǣۣҲﵽ˴޺ڶĲΡ
񷡢ߵǬˣѾ޲T࣬Ҳ˴޺ڶΪٴԲ
ΨһĿǵ
ʶ˿̵ĺϲ⡣
ʵΪﵽһĵزȻȻĿʼˡ
˵Ҫף벻˵ļӳ֣սϡ
㲻Ҳ˾Զˡ
ҲΪˣǰ̫ʼˡ
ԼƸ죬ǿ󣬵ΪԼĵǿҲļѣͺĲ
ǲǰ̫ġ
˵һֱȣһֱѹס顣ǣҪԶѺѡ
Ȼ̫ҲĿֻҪһֱȣһֱ˾ͿɣһƻԽԽ

̫˼˵ʱ򣬺Ȼһɾ޴Ϯ
̫̽󣬺ȻЦá
ԭǾɽȳˣ̫ʽٳ֡
̫úܲûʵζأ˵ջҲһɡ
̫ûзǾɽ˹ȥ
ϵŭ˭˭ô󵨣
ʯɵˣ̫ߣΪƴСҲɵˡ
ô£
ƣ̫ɰƴ˵ȥÿ
뷴̫ġ֮£ֻñСӡ
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ڸղţûָоˡ
̫ŭţץߵʱ̣Լίʲô
ûΪ˿ӣȻ˽ٳˣֱδ
Ҫ֪᲻ɵۣ
ҪõߵͲ֪᲻Ĳȣ˺ɽȥԸ̫


ֻɽһЦȺˣΪɽΧҰǲǵõʲôôȰǽɱˡ
ֻɽܷĵİ̫ˣԼɽܲ˵ġ
ǰǵõʲô㽻Ҫɱˡ̫ǻ

⡭
ʯˣɽҲˡ
˹ȻʶȤģֻҪǴӴ˵صõĺôұ֤ǣҾɽ˵㻰
ɽ˵̫̾ȻɽʯõӾǲ̫ʹ

ʯ˺ò׻عʯѸٴλʦʦõ
ʦϷ쳾⣬ʶѡѵʦˣǲҪ¶ˣʦ뿼һǡ
ò˵ɣʯܱĺһ¡
λʦʦˡ룺ȻǴʦ֡
̫ȷ뿼Լӣû뵽Լᱻܣ
ýֺͷ룬û뵽ġ
ʯ׺󣬿ʼ˳ʦģʼ
ֻֻҪȳȾͰѴ˴ܸΣ
ɽһЦ㵱ɵ𣿡
仰
ʯ˺˵㲻ɵɵÿԣ֪ٳֵ˭𣿿֪󣬻
ôΪǣȴ͵ϮֶΣǿȥ޸Ҫ
仰˵ɽʹˣ֮ԵõıɽУһҲ׵ɫ
ǿǣǵٻΣ˺ǽ״޽ɡ
ԣʵǳԵҩһ
֪ǣѾûδ޳ڽһĶ㡣
ңȷҪĴߣҪԶ
Գƺ̫Բ壬߰벽ޡ
֮һĴҪԶ
ԣɽ޵ΪҪٳ̫󣬲ŸҺʯλ̫ҽǿּۻۡ



209 裡
ס죬Ųɱǵĳ
˵ʹɽŭˣһԲϾҪɱ̫һ
ǣ̫ЦԼʱ򣬾ɽŭˣ֮ҲҳЦ档
˴߶Ҫ̫һѵ
ףԣھɽ߶ʱ̫ȻھɽڸܵһĪϢ
ϢȻԪһĸо
һ޳ڣα޲εڣ̫һ档
ס֣
ھɽҪ̫һѵʱ˴˵
ôˣɽˣͽѰҵı֪ܣ涨ɱǵĳ
˿ôشʱ̫Ȼ޷ҲҲ
õָʾ˵ãȻˣϣŵԣȸ˵صܡ
ʶʱΪܣǷľͺã汣֤ɱǵĳɽЦ
ǣ֪ǣʱ̫Ѿʼ̽صԴˡ
̫֮ǰݵɽɽõ䱾һɽ
ܵǺͻεԭ򣿾Ϣ£
ɽ֮ˡΪӦҲϢ¡
һɽ廯Σﵽ޽ɵĲΣصϢȻ򵥡
ο̫ܵԪһĸо

ʱֻǵõȷеϢ˵һص󷨴ڣʶһֱڴѰ󷨣ڣ鱦֮
˵꣬ɽ˲٣˻棿
Ų㣬ŵ˵ˣǲҲŵԷǵĳʵ
ǸоۣҪװŭӡ
治ʦڸΪ˿ԼˣҲ
̫ʼĶѣ˾ɽڵϢò̾ǻԵɺϡ
˵꣬ɽȻЦˣǵɵɣһ仰Ҿͷǵĳ룡Ȱ˵ʵ顣
ɽ꣬ʯû˵žɽ
ľɽΪˣҲ
Ȼ뵽Լץסʣ̫˵ǲģ
̫оϢأʵйصϢ֪ʲô𣿡
̫꣬ɽȻˡ
㣬㣬ô֪㡭ɽеɵˡ
ϢԼ߱˵أ֮нĳɾͣȫԭ
Ȼ֪ʲô˵ͺñСһҪ
ɽҲо꣬ǣƺв󷨸ǣ̽鲻еʲô
Ҳƻûһã
ɽķӦ̫֪ûջˣɽҲ֪
ʶ̫ãȥû˼ˣԼԿʲô
㣬ɽˡ
Ļʲôʯ˵ܣ˿ֻɱ̫֪ܵĴڡ
ǡ

ֻ̫һȣɽȻԼжˡ
岻жԪ񶼲֡
̫һ֣ɽûӦѾѹˣǺȻԼֹסˡ
ΪԪȫûˡ
~~ˣˮһӰȫȥ
Ҫԣ˵ᱻˤ
ֻ˼άתľɽƺһ㡣
еȻûзӦ
㵽˭ɽֵʵ
ææȿǶǺ˵
ھɽУڵشڣѾܿƵıȡ˳
ͼֱ˼Լڿռ䣬Ȼһ׵Ľ룬ɽˡ
ֻɫ̫ȡ󣬾Ȼ뻯ܡ
ܣ
̫Ҵ⣬ԼԼľò򵥣ǻԵ
ˣʱ̳ˣѸٶסš
̫λҲ棬æ˹Ϊʦֵõöˡ
̫Ԫ̽ŵʱ򣬷ŵ㾹Ȼ赲
ƣ
̫һȣֻǱĹȦӦơ
⿴ľɽĿ࣬ԼŪ޾¶ûƿֻһȣƿˣⲻӦð
ǻɫȦȥֻһ׵һ壬˵ǰ
̫ȻˣֲϤĸоԭǴ衣
ʦʲô
ˣҺ
λӣ񣬶һҪһ̵ĸо
ǱܵĸоֻҪ裬ԼΪѸٵ
쵽ΪӲƾĵز
ֲñоôϤԭǴ衣̫˵
ʦʲôǴ裿ѷԼ۾벻裬ҪʦǶˡ
ֿµջ̫ˡ
ǲף̹Ӧ˰ɣ̹ŵѵһ˿ۡ
˽ͣˣΪջԭ̹Ŵ
ʦͽô̵ĸоƲסʵ
Ǻǣ̫Цˡ
ʦҲǣʯ
ʦҲǣޡˡ
̫ЦЦ˵ǧ裬ֻɽһд޵ΪһͿ൱Ĳȹ̣Ϊ裬Ϊڽ˿̴޵ĲΣߵĳɾˣѵҲ
⣡
ڵӳĬˡ
һʯ˵ʦô֣˵ľ粻ȴĵҩ󣬵´Ϊʹֹƺһ
ȷһ̫
軹Ҫףһľת𵤶ҪΪɽܵǣ˺Σǳɳ죿Ǿþת費һʮת𵤣ʮһת𵤡
˿ֲλˡ
˵ľɽ֪һѹ
Լɳԭ򣬵Ҳ֪Լûнָˡ
һ
˭ɽʵ
̫ûлش
Ȼʦ˭˷ܵĽӹ˵ˣʦ˺ĵһ֣̫ղžȻвʦ治֪ôģ

~
ɽֻоתԼ֮ǰʲô
ԼȻЮ̫֡ԼⱰ΢ĴڣȻܸɳ˾춯صĴ£ǲǺο
~~ľɽһ޲εĸ֣αޣȻίĿˡ
ʲôޣûأʯȴǲˣ޽ɵĲΣȻôûϢǰϹˡ
ˣҪΪˣѾùˡ߾磬ҡ̫̾Ϣ
Ҵ֮ܵһˣڸܲȹ̣ҲԲǼǸ޸һĶûУʵ˿
̫˵ǱǣҲôɽˡ
ͦġ
ǵȫޡ粻ȣΪ׵Ĵۣۺܴ
Ϊ齨һǴǲ
̫ҡҡͷԼٳֵΪҲŹɽˡ
Լ뱻ٳ֣˭޷֮ǰúѣ뷨ȥˡ



210 ɽѡ
ʦʲôôѵҪƳɵҩ
Ū״ǿ󣬼λӶʱȤˣԼĽ費ҪҲա
ǶҩԱȴǺö豾Ԫڰ
̫˵ľ磬˵㹻ˣԪԭ
һĺ顣
˴νħ̫ıѪԨ
ѺԪﵽ壬˺Ϳƿļе
Ȼõ󣬽ֽʡһʱ䣬˵̫Ҫ
οԼҲɵһ쵤ҩʹãǶ̹ŵϵѪ˵¡
ʯŶʦãҲͷˡ
¿źܺãȴʹãǾźˣ
ò˵뷨ܱ£̫ûвõĶ޷ôСѡ
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ɽ޺̫ܡ
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߰ɡ̫˵˵֮ǰǱĬģο̹裬߰ɡ
̫˵꣬ɽоԼܶˣæ̫л
ֻǣûߡ
Ҳ֪С˵ˣСָһ·
ò˵ɽɵ󵨣֪ηı֡
ɽ벻ǣ̫ϲɵģ˵ܺġ
ɽ̫뵽˪ݺ졢ܰԵˣһеɵ֡
ָ㣿̫
ɽżˣæлָ㣬СԸţ
Ŷ̫Цɢ󵱱ҲУ
꣬ɽһݣҧСޱҲףᱲ֮ǽΪɾǻźãܽɢʲô
Ψһǻۺʹڽˣѵãѵá
ɽ˵ֻ̫оеԵֵĸо
Ȼˣ᱾һѡͿԼˡ
ǣָ㣬С˾
ã
̫˵ɢȥңңԶΪı壬ɽ֮֡˺󲻿ֻĥģ򾳽磬ʲôʱ»壬ָʾס
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̫Ļǻ̴̻ӣþɽԼλӺܳԾ
̫˼̫˵
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ʱ̫ĵ˵ͷһ֣һھɽԪС
̫Ϊɽ׼İ취ĥģ򾳽Ĺ
ȥɣ
ֵ̫
֮ɽΪɽ»û˺ƾʹ
ɽǹл̫תͷˣȥɢ˺ȥңˡ

ֱɽߺ󣬼λӲʵʦɽоȣ
û취У̫Ц
ֻҪû޻϶Եİ취ܻеϣġ޷ʱ䳤һѡ
Ҫ೤̲סʵ
̫ҡҡͷ˵վɽ⡮αޡɽʱ䣬ٲһ١
ô
ǲ˵һ٣ֻǴ޳ڵĲΣ
ǰ̫ǴۣͨʱĥͱķѸĸ˺Ļ۳ĸ̹Ĵ
ʦ˵޻ܾδɽҺǴ޳ڣûеػػˣʦа취𣿡
ǣʱҲû취ˣ޻ʱ򣬾עʱ򣬱Ҳɸġ̫ЦʶɽûжԸһ£ֻǣ߶ԶҪԼ
ֲֻãȼܶ޲εĸ֣ųɶǴ޳ڣڵػߣȴޱȺ
ݸʵʦǷ̫ҵǸ޳ڵػҲһ޴Ŀ
̫˵ͷȴǣǲ֮޿ڣҪڵػһٵʱ䡣
ʦҲҪѺûƷߣʵ
ԣ۵ĶܿƷߣƷ߲޿ܣǼԺ򲻿ñʧ
λӸæʦ
̫Ԥƣλӵھܽ״ޡ
ػҪƷĲΣҪȵʮˣҪ
ġ̡ۣ



211 ꪣ
ˣ˵ǿѰˣ
˾ɽһ̫ƿ󷨺󣬽Ҫȥ
λӣλӽûĥĻᡣ
ͨɽĥǣ⵹ãȻõ̹衣
ӵȲûҵ󷨣ʯվˣʦֵá
ҿƿ󷨡
Աϣֻ̫һӣһƺƽСɽȣȻǿռһ
~һСɽǾһˡ
˺ܼ򵥵ľ󷨣Ѱôʱ侹Ȼȫ޷֣ȥúøڵϵ֮
ǣʦ൱Ĳ

ƳֻƽһϿȣȻж죬Ǵɽ֪ܵ˵ز򵥡
̫һȣ߽ɽȡ
λѸٵĸϣѰĻѵá
ʵ̫û̫⣬ղƿ󷨵ʱ򣬾ʹ֪ˡ
ɽ鱦֮ҲƷĲΣƷ
󷨵ǿȾжϵĳ̫Ѱңôľǲġ
Ȼ
һɽȵֻһǰһڿУǳɢ⡣
̫һ㣬ⳤƷ鱦ꪣǿܷ֮һ
λӿꪣһ㱵ϲá
ŷ֣ԭѰȻϲָоĺܺá
ꪣƷ鱦ǿ󣬰֮˭Ҫ
̫ѯλӵ
һᣬʯŵʦȹ鱦ȱʦɣҲɴˡ
⻰ǲǫ飬Ѿ̫װĲˡ
ΨһԵеȣûұֳ
̫ȴˡ
Ʒ鱦ĲΣ̫òġ˵˹컯鱦
̫治ȱ٣ȱٵΪ׼ķ鱦
λӶûҪĴ㣬̫ԵȻˡ

Ȼһߣһֱǿͱڲ
鱦бڣ滹ûС
⺮¶ʱͺϲȥܰʺԼ䡭˿̻Сģ
ʱûΣ󺺵ģ
ү
񹧾
汾жʱˣпɣҲû鱦˵㱾ǿ󣬵ȴûУꪾʹˡ
⣬⡭ǣүĴԼʱе㼤ˡ
鱦˵̫ĽԼˣջ
ҪѰһƷ鱦ڴʱĺĻǺܼ򵥵ġ
̫Ĵ岻һ
ӹꪣǶ̫һ󳯰ݣǿѹסеļ
ꪼһºֱСģ˿ֻ̣Ҫ̫⣬ʲôС

ʦͽˣ̽һû©̫ȥˡ
ҹ
̫ٻǰ
һ֣֮ǰڴġ͡ĵӡ˵ԪС
һ㱣⴫е
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ֱŵӣ״ӡ
˱֮ǰĹȽմ⣬Ҳ˱ͽ׵ܽᣬġ
мǣҪúøΪҪżڼĥĺ;硭
ֵ̫⣬бȣĥģڴ˷ֿɣɡ
ʦе㲻ᡣ
ʦ̫ˣͰȫб֤ܿ۽磬ԼʱǱöˡ
̫˼ҲûֻǱʾᡣ
ʶ˵һ䡰ʦҲͲ˵ˡ
ˡ
գλӻش
̫˵ͷĹ¹ش󣬲¶ҲᴫҲ£뿪ˡ
ǣʦ

̫Ѹٻûģ̫ϥϣֻһ˲ʧˡ
ֱ󣬼λӵȻڼ
̫ȴǸ˶
̫ԲżԺλӼͬһ
̹ķ֣̫ףԼڴ֮ӵˡ
ֻҪԼռƻĥԲԪ񣬾Ϳ̹һֵɹ˺ԪɵĲΡ
ʶ̫뿪λӣȥ
·ϡ
ʱĺģû̫ħʣɱֻص߳
ʱȻڽֵ
̫Ԫɨ׵ķ˵Ľ̸ۡ
Ȼ̫Ҳֺܶصɱްк󣬸Ұİ׼
Щ̫޹أ̫ˡ
ᣬҲҪԼ׻Ԫ˵
̫ΨһĿľǻԪɣʲô롣



212 
̫˺ĵһ
Զȥһ뷢֮أڶ
ֲΧޱȵĹ
Χʼֻһ׵磬Խ׵Խ
ɫɫɫɫɫɫɫÿɫŲͬε׵硣
ǽɫ׵磬žٵҲ磬ȲϡϾ˴۸ΪŨ
ĵڶףףҲʹﵽɫ׵ĵز̹ŵĶףǻɫ׵硣
׵һҲǺס
ԿóΪˣһͨͨ
Ҳ˵ʥ˲βʩչɫ׵֮տ֪
̫任ģʱ򣬴˵زһ鶼ûС
Ȼкܶޣĥʿڴ
һۿȥΪһµĲΣһ̫ҽɶǸˡ
̫ĿģǱǽɫײġ
ʶںܶɻУ߽Χ
Χİɫ磬ɡɲοԳܵģֻﵽɲβſǿܡ
̫˵ɫ׵绹ġ
̫ɵĶȹɫ׵һڴĥеĽĸо
ˣٽɵĲΣƵԿóܲǽɣ˵̫ҽɵĸ֡һڵΪȵĿ̫
Ӧ̫ǰ㿴ɫײ׼ͷã˵ɫײ㣬ָ̫ҽɵǰ˿϶
Щˣǵǰҵȿ۵ģץĥɣг˵ĽҪˣץǿʵΪá
ףһ˾гҲ˵
ǰ֪Ժδ
⻹򵥣̫ͺޣ޵вѾȥ˴룬Ȼǿ󣬵Ѿˡ
һϵ˵
޲ˣǵõ˵Щһޣбޡ죬󶥼棬ΪˣȻҪѺÿǿΪ
Ҳ֪ôżΪ˲ϧĴң治Щ˵뷨
˵꣬Ҳ⣬Ψһϵ˵һ䣺ºйأϵҲ̫һλǰƺ˵ƿءʲôġ

ȥȥݣȺԶץĥĺá
⣡
Դƣ

һĵвʿԸ߲սܲһĲǲ׵ġ
û޵вҲҪˣѺǰѽ
ĻֻԽԽȣʲôˡ
ʶޱк󣬺Ȼ঵ԭ

̫߽ɫײȻɵĺܡ
ɫײУȻвڴĥĽʿ̫󣬶СĵĿбӡտڲԣһС̫
̫ȥɫײʿ˿
˷ƵضǴǰϵҴġֻһ棬ֿĺӿڵ
˵ҵҲó
޸֣ѵһȻȸǰҵˡ
ߣǰһ￴ޣ³ˣ˰ɣǰҪĥ壬ǰ֮ʵ˿Цһ˵
ĥģǳɰӶһǰ׼ᶪС˰͵ϮʶȺӵģҲʶ
ңľٺ͵ڰٵݱ䣬˿̣ѾǵԪͬޡ
ŵ»˫޵ģܶѾˣ޺ķ硣
Ȼ²ķ磬Ĵܸ߲㣬Ԫ˫޵ġ
صһ棬еǿЩޡɽʯ顣
ЩԪҪԪľ֮顢֮ȡ
ޱʱķѾȷ˼·
Ĺʱʱ̫ǿָر仯
·ˣɹĶһ棬ʧܵĶѾԴˡ

̫ǰ֮󣬵̫׵󣬶Կռ֮ѾϤˡ
˿һߣʵ˳ĵһһء
ɫײ㣬̫ҽɲε󣬴˵ص˺ܶ࣬ϡУ̫ԪܸӦ
Ӧģ̫Դ߾
̫ÿξԪ̽һ飬ֻЩ鲻֪ѡ
̫ܳʱ䲻ˣʲôε鶼У̫ϸı仯
˳̽һֲԼ򷨵ĸ򡭡
Ĵɫһ̫Ҹֶ±ƣǴҲôɰɡ
ǰǰע㣬ǰǺɫײܲ򵥣Ǵ޲ҽ룬¡ǰΪҲһ¡
û뵽к˴ڣںѵһ
ˡšĺ⣬̫΢΢һЦܾûˣƺӵٽľͱˡ
Ǻǣ޷̫ЦҪȥʱ̫Ȼתͷ˿̫ԲСĥõķָһ¡
ֻ̫һ֣һ̫һЩ͸ǵ˵Ԫ
ǵˣԼԪʱã˭׿Խˣô⡣
󣬷Լ׬ˣԭ壬ֱǷ˼̫˼ˡ
ҪлǰǰѾˡ
Ҳִţ̫һ仰ʼݣ𣬱𡣡
ĳƺ𡯣ӴΪģָʤһ۵ģ˭
ףԡ˼һᣬƺеüĿ̫ܣˣǰһΪûУǷ豹ĲΣ豹ƺ˵˭豹أ˵ƺǻԪĲΣлԪǿߣ

ˡ˺Ȼиµ뷨ˣҳϣΪֲ̫



213 
ɫһ̣̫ڸܵһ˿ѹ
Ȼûз޲ε򣬶εò󣬸ο֮ǿʡ
ɫ̫սͷڴ顣
ֻһյľ׵˸˻׵硣
ףһ̫Ϥʶһۿĸš
ƵҲһ̫Ȼ߹е¡
ɻˣĵǴмأϵһǿô⿴ûκΪĵˣȻ
ںɫܶˣôɫĲһơ
ⲻһƵ飬˶೤ʱ䣬ܼѾǺˡ
̫ϣ̫ܲһ㲻ӦƺҲͱǿһ㡣
޽ɣĿǰǺʵΪ̫޵ĲΣʶ˵ѺΪڴ˽Ԫˣǵһ֮ˣ
һϵ棿̫ʵ
弸֧֮棬⻹иϵ壬֮лӦֵܡ
Ϊ档
廹Уڤȵȸ塣
ǹƣӦΪ档
ǣ
˵
̫ȴеˣȻ壬Ҳǿ塣
˵棬Ǹϵ͹ǿˣδԣͷһϲܶԿ壬Ȼ鴫
ʵѵţʵûôصԺɫɣֱ˼
̫ȴ޸֣ȻСأʶ˵̫
¡¡һը
ĥһʧ֣һ򱩶һʱ˵ˡ
ȿȡһסƣѸٱ仯ˣ̫ǰֵݼ̫𣬽յüҡ
̫ϲȣ˵ȵϢһ¡
ǣ𣡡е㼤˵
ܵüִ̫ʿҲ
һɼɼ޽ɼǣ޽ɼ̫ȴҲ
һסƣ̫ǰ
˵ؾһڴˣ̫ʵ
֮ǰĸ޵ˣܲѹһʱ뿪ˣ˿̾Сһڴˡ
˵ֵ꣬ͥģСֱδš
һ̫֮ɫе㲻ϲˣֹס˰Ĺά
Ǽģݴܳʱ䲻ˣû뵽ԼҼܲ
ڲǰ̫ħǲ֪ģԪһֱȻ֪淢ʲô
̫򵥵˵˼󣬾ͼȥˡ
ȴûм˼һ˾
ÿ̫ܺ˵Ǵġ
ҪǲСеⷢԼΣˣ
ڸ߲˵̫ڵĵطøϽ뿪Ϊ׼ǣ
Ϊ˵ĶԣʶҼˣû뿪Ϊá
ˣ̫Ϣľ˵ˡ
æٻΧԼ˺¡
һʱ䣬Ȼһֻرܵĵش
һµӴϢʶȻڴĥ
ֻ̫ϵĸֲ֪ʶúܶ˵ɻ
ôܼһЩ֣˿һˡ

̫ɫʱ֣ˡ
˻Ԫ߲ſɳܣ̫Ÿĥ
Чϵĺã̫ʩչʮɸߵԡڽɫ׵С
ֲε׵磬̫úܴ
ֻҪȥﵽܵļޣԲʱڡ
ʱͿɳԪˡ
ȻԪҲûţ̫ͬڲǧħĸС

磡
һ𶯺ĵϢȻ˳Ĭˡ
ʲô޲TͲ񷡢ߵˣϳԾʵ¿ġ
峤ģ˵ߵͲ񷻹˻ģ˺ĵһӭΪ֮ɢ޼롣
⣿Ĭˡ
λܵϣ˵һޡˣ˵Ĵڣ̫ռˣǡ
̫Ϻüſɡ
̫ħʺʧһܶ˾̫֮ǰΪˡ
Ĭʱֻæϻˡ
峤Ҫ档
֣أλͣʶʱ޲Tߵ˵£ʵ£
峤մϻ̫ˣ峤˵̫ڵĵطرܣʶἱæϻˡ
һ㶣鶼ϵһˡ
Һ͵̸˼䣬ѯἸ䣬ʱҪפˡ˵
һʱеͷҺֻһ򵥵ϢҺòǵҪɶµϢ
ˣ򵥵Ľ˼ˡ
޲TϵߵͲ£Ϊѡ
Ϻûж󲻳ƺҪ˷˰



214 ģ飡
һûжԴʱڣҲһϴƵʱڡ
̫֮ĥ壬ʵҲһ˿Ĺǡ
ͺĵǣ̫ˣʱ䣬ûжԴʱ䡣
̫һʱεһкķš
һ
̫չصһʱУڶˡ
̫չصĽԪУ֮ǰ壬˽ıĵѾ˽롣
ʱĺģûдݲĴģɱÿģǸֵĲΡ
Լʹһõ˵Ķ㣬Ҫ
ʱ䣬Ĵܺ͸߲㲻
ײ㣬ɢ⣬˽ϸߵʡ
ǡ
ڽǧԪǰȻһʿԳΪаħѪ߱ɱ
ûԼ֮ظѪȡ
໥ɣ໥Ĺ
⹦ǡħ
ܶΪµ飬ûкùǰ£ƺ໥ɣ໥ΨһĽݾ
´һֿʼײҲʼˣа޿ʼ̨
ǲĴߵɱ
һʱĺ鰧Ұ
ѾаޣǵĲпѪΪһϺˢ˺ǵ֪
ԭа֮˵ǣʱҿƣûκεĹǡ
Ϻ̫֮أһа޵ð
ҺãϺŽᣬֲֶͨеʿ
һʱĴɱͶԿһϴһϺ顣
֮ǰϺ߲ܣֻҪ¾ͺá
ʱаĳ֣Ȼ˷硣
еΪ޵ãûжԴ֮֡
еʿΪֶͨģױ񣬲һΪҪơ
а͵ħ֪ӺʱʼԿģ˿аħĶԿѾ˳Ρ
ϺһΣϺֵطѡȨ
֮ǰ˭ɣڲˣڵʽѾֳ֡
ʶܶѡаħģ뿪Ϻ
еļᶨԼ·һֱϺ
ϺһΣӶ½
عλӣʯ̫Լ뷨
ģ飡
˸֣ΪϺ飬˭ǵĵı׼
ʯĻϺ鿴̫
̫ˣԲĥ֮ɡɱ֮·
ˣ̫ʱ䣬ĶһСվʾԼվһ
Ϻ飬Ϻ̫ѡĵĵ·
һʱһĻȻڶ˵ûа֣֮Ϊ֤ǲںС
ֶȴеЦõĸо
µҲĶýľ档
֮ǰϵ˿ϵı׶˳ˡ
˶֪һֵģ͵Ĭ޲T
õ컯һʱ޲Tʼ˽Ĳ֡
ûվĶȫЩǱ¡
ʮħʹѾ˲֪£޲Tƿˡ
ʮΪ޲TչһǱĴ
ȱԭ򣬼ĵķٺսа˳ɵʵǻججġ
ǵԺûйûκεֶΣֻбܵɲ
޲T컯еõֶΣֽ󣬾ͳجج֪ģ򵥵з
Ǿ໥ڵ໥ѪԪ
ΨһѸٽֶΣҲΨһԴﵽɵֶΡ
Ϊ˲Ϊ˲عأаķѸٵıˡ
ܶʵ׹ؼڣҲܱ鷢
û˽ó顣
ۿŷżȴó˽裬µһ̡

˲Ÿտʼ޾¡
ϺΪһվѡܺϵȴȻǺ˭ӵĴڡ
ʶһʱмҲʾͬϺѡһѡ
źʱվȻ֧һϺ⣬ģڲ֪б
ĴˣĻֲ֮һУǾҪҾ֣ǾҪϡ
˭˭Ҳݲ
컯޲T˼ˣ컯Ҳû֪Ļٿء
ʱš
޻ƫһǰ£Լˣ֮ǰ޵ĴѹҪпᡣ
̫֮ǰ˵ģһޣֱޡ
һ֮ǰ˻ɣѾû˻ˣҲһˡ
߾ġϺʹһķ٣һαĽ
ͬ
Žڰٺڣ֮ǰ̫ʿʱĵȹɱٵĴܣڵõ̫˺󣬴ʱ׷ױչز׷׳ľ硣
ҲдԭĲŻҡ
޲TҲǿ棬Ż˲֡
޲TҲǣű˷׷ױչزԼɱȴһֱûл⣬Ӷ޲TŭŤ

̫һʱĥ͸Ԫﵽ˵ԲҪԪɵĲˡ



215 Ƽ
ԪĽϴ̫ڴﵽ˵Բûκεİ취ǿһ˿ˡ
ԪͨЩĸǧħͨԱԴĲҲﵽ˵εԲ
˿̫ԪУֻǻԪһĵɢ˶˶Ĺâȥ˳
š֡ڱԲˣ̫ҪľǺ俪ļԼĵڴ֮
Ǵ޴ڡ
ƿķʽõ뿪Ԫĵÿš
һһľ档
ĵ覣õͬǾͿԼڴ
ĵ覴ãǴӴ˹ţԪɵĲΡ
̫ǣоǲз֮Ӿǲ磬ĵԲĲͷãĵԲͲ岻ϵ硣
з֮Ӻ󣬾ͺñȳһԵõԴԴϵĵǿ
Ȼ׵ݣ̫к꣬оķʽ

׼޾£һ̫ҪҪһˡ
ԼĵԲģԼĵԲʻԲĵ
һģ˵зڣԶ֮ǰ۵Ҫ򵥵Ķࡣ
ʶϣԪԪ񣬹ʶԪ
ǻʮƷĵ̻ܼдǾԼˡ
ԣ˴Եúɡ
Ҳû취Ѿ׼ˣҲûʲôɻ۵ˣֻһǰ
Σ̫ûѡ̫չͻơ
ʵ˺δһ޴ڣ̫绹Ǻģÿļе
⣬̫ԤԼʱ䣬ӦǺĻҵһʱ䣬ҲãԼͻָһ
ϾԪɣ²ǻԪ޽ɣҲлԪ֡
׼ʥնʬ𶯣Լ޴еĴҲܺĽ֪

̫ó̹裬׼һкʼ
ǽ̹裬ǰ̹赱󻹵ʹá
ʱܽ䴴ѺѸٵֲġ
̫Ψһ׼ֶΣҲĿǰΪֹΨһеõֶΡ
ʶ̫ŸɽһᣬҪǾɽӵ̫²ɽ
̹Դ˿̼е̫νΨһĸ

ɣ
ڣ¾㱸ֻ̫ʼ˸ܱߵĽӳ£ͬ׵еľˡ
¡¡
̫ƮԪͷʱ̡
ֻˡ
ĵ𶯣֮ǰһص𶯡
Ǳ棬޲TϷķһ壬壬ǿյ񡭡
ȵ޾֮أӦˣǵһεĳֹ
һʱ䣡
ĻȻˣ
ôˣôȻ𶯣
Ϣˣ
ô£

޾ˣǲ֪ʲôǵĲκ;粻ֱ仯
ǺıչصĴܣѾ޽ӽĴܣһʱҲ׷ʲô
һĻˡ
ֻʱ
޴ڣκεطܸӦһŲĹȦˣǵķ֣Ǵ֮ۡ
֮˾ĶܸܵĵǷƺǳʲôһ
ƣ
¡¡
˺ѵĿģǾŲȦķ֡
ļãֻһԪ飬ǾŲȦȥ
䡱һ˵ˡ
˭˭ô󵨣Ȼҹֵķ֣ǲҪ
ڣһ𺳵ˡ
ڻǾŲȦӶǻԪһĵ谭󣬼ڴС
ڳԪɣڴˡ
˭𾪺ĵڶ뷨
̫˻˻~~뵽Ψһ𰸡
̫
˿Լĵֵһ̣̫򵽣һɹ
ָо֮ԼܳɹʹԼԻһĪָ
ңһԼֻ̽
һ
ֻǾŲȦķ֣̫һγǾŲ㷨ʧһڣֻʣ°˲ˡ
̫ҪŴβſɣҪŴζܺ俪һ㷨֡
̫һεĳԸоûķѶ٣ʣµİ˴γȫġ

𺳹ˣȻ֮ǰ˳
ѣʱϸĹ۲ܽᾭ飬ʱ̫ȻֲΪڸָ·ͷֻҪһԪɵľ飬ȳԪɵʱ򣬽ٻȫ޾顣
ƣȻֲ̫ѾʼԪɣ˿̵ֳ˵ȴڲúָ֡
ȷܵĶˣ̫չʾζһѵõĻԵ



216 ֮ӣ
һڴںĶĴܣʼϥ
֮ǰǸ̫ܵѹԼִ̫ˣЩ̫ѹ
ҿ̫ԪɣҪǱ˳ǲǿµ飬Ǳʾţһ̫һĴڳˡ
ʶ׺ĴܿʼϥϸſٵһλԪɵĴ

ֻ̫Ų㷨ֱһǵֻص̫ͷϡ
̫׼ڶεĳ
̫û̽ȫʩչ
Ͼһ̽ѾˣûҪһδƿŲ㷨֣Լķ
ƣ
ˣ
ֻ𺳵һĻֳˣǻԪһĵһŰ˲㷨ֶȥ
ˣˣ
ڶΣ

סϸĵĸֵʢ
±չصĺһϸĹ۲죬˶̫ľ壬ãҲΪԼԪɻ۾顣
䡭
һеôǣ
˻Ȼһƿ㣬⡭⡭
ȥۿֵʱֻǱʣ˲ķ֣һεĳֱƿ㡣
Ҳ˵γֱ̫ƿĲ㣬ŲȦķֻ֣ʣˡ
ôѧܿƵķƺѧ
ۺҪ̫ǻ񣬹ʶƷֶ˵ܼ򵥡
̫ĵ죬һĵʶ̫ƴļס
ǣ̫ʲôأ
֮ǰ̫ʩչռ֮Ҳʩչʱ֮л̫֮֮ĵôأ

һΣڴ̫ܶĵʡ
̫ÿÿ˳ƺ𣬵ǲ֪ʲô
ֻÿܺʲôͲˡ
ϾǧԴ֪ˣ÷˼֪˻Ӱġ
֮ǰֻ̫λ˵һ䣬ǵĲȣʧء
ԣǲ֪̫ΪεüҲ
һ˵أüκ棬Ҳû̫޵ĺֵ

һƿ㷨֣̫е⣬ԼԤƵһ
Լѣƿףǿġ
ƣ
ԽԽѣ̫ȫԸʱֻƿ㷨ֵļ
ˣ̫ķ谭ʣ㡣
¡¡
һķֻʣˡ
ڶʱ̫Ȼβƿ
ۿĴˣŲ㷨֣ԽԽǼ̣˵ġ
̫ĵеˣ֮ǰΪ򵥣һʱ򣬾Ȼλûƿ
Ϊò̹裬˿̣̫ԥˡ
ʱԪһαֲ
ƣ
һ
һķ֣̫ζȫƿˡ
ֻƿľŲ㷨֣ʧˣֵһһĳ硣
ǽŴĪж޾ռӴж
ĵطȴ̫ĵǰ

ʱؼķһγ֣һγݡ
ҪǷҲơ
ôͳһأ
ȾˢȷεȴڣȻÿÿǰأ̫۸ˡ

ǳӵ̫ĵֻ̫ĵʼ˱仯
Ԫһĵʼ仯ˡ
ģǵ仯̫ģ
ˣڴܲˣ׷˿Ȼ̫ˡ
仯̫ģĵʼ̤˳磬һǳʧһΡ
ģǡ̫ųָڤڤС
ڴˣ̫дɹˣ֮ǵڴ֮ڡ
ƿط뷨
Ӷֻ̫Ҫ򻹴ڣ̫Ͳ
ǳ״ɱ̫ԪɢıԴõͺĵԪϣӶû֧źܽڴ֮ڡ
ǣ̫ü˵˺ǻԪɵʵˣ˭ܴɱⲻǿЦ
֮ǰ̫޵УƺӽԺ޵ˡ
һ뷨һģ޾̫顣
֮ǰǲôˣǵû̫ģڤڤк֪ص˭ˡ
ԭϵ̫𣿡һ˿
ǸҪ뿪𣿴˵һֳѵ߾磨ѵӴ˳ˣ뿪˺ģ
Ϲ˵ΨһߣԼʱڣ׿˵ġǵҪ뿪ˣǵһ޷ĲΣʶд𺳺ĵ͡
˿ֻҪǵҪ뿪ͺãڵ߲ΣǺ𲻴ﵽĲΣͲǵˡ
һˣ˵ľȻ޴ӷȻ
ΪԽԽãá



217 ֮
û̫ģڤڤкֻʧˡ
̫ĸ̡
ֻԼԪʱǺ͵ӵĳ粢ûʧǳ̫ԪС
˺̫ĸͿ˳Ŵ˽ȥ֮
̫һܼһμʶ֮ӡ
̫ʶ磬Ӵеĵ̫̾ˡ
ֻһ֪֪εķ۵ĳӸ̫֪С
̫ĵϥ֮Уó˵ģ˺ǵͶӡ
ʱ仺š
ڣ
顱һѿˡ
ڷܱ߷ɳǻԪɵĲΡ
ĵ̫̫ͨĺȻ䷢ˡ
ƺֶܴ֮ǰķã˿̣̫ڵѿ󣬷Լָķ֮
ʱ
ֻ̫Χֲɫ׵ҵйĿ꣬ʼѸٵ̫۶
̫ͣһȣ׷֮ǣ£̫ɵĵ׵硣
·Լ׵һӡ
Ƿ֮ãˣԭ̫ʱŸܵǿ
ǧ̫ʹã飬ֻеķ֮Ҫſʹá
̫׻Ԫɵһ̣㷨Ѿû
֮ǰ̫ʱնߡ֮֮ΪϤ
˿̲ǸϤǸϤǧչ֮صһѡ
ʶ̫ʹǧħ̫硣
֮ǰԤУֻн׻ԪɣԼǿʱ̣Ȼ׺̫Լ޵ˡ
ǿʵֵţȫƿص֡
򷨣ҲûʲôԼ˵İˡ

̫һ¼飬һԼʵ̫ˡ
ڴﵽ˻ͱ׼ˡ
װڴﵽһСĿˡ
ңСĿںġȻȻ黹ԶȺѾˡ

ֹ˽ʱ䡣
̫֮ѿ̫طĸһǿһ졣
ֱ˿ַ̣ȹ
ҲǴ˿̣˻Ԫ֮·
ԪɷΪŲ㣬ʮ˻Ԫ޽ɡ
ȻҲԷΪǰ˻ԪɳڣΪԪڣ˻Ԫɺڡ
ÿСһ磬ֵıʾ˻ԪһΣԷҪԡ
ȫ͸һʮ㣬ҲǻԪ޽ɡ
˿̣̫͸һ򣬹ʶΪԪɳڡ
̫͸Ĳ򣬾ǻԪڣ߳˻Ԫɺڡ
֮ǵǲĿʼȻԪ޼ʱǲĿʼ
̫Ľ֮·
֮βԶˣֻ˵ǰ̣Ҫһ߹
յ㣬ߣʶٳƺԼΪĳĳһ㶼ƺĳĳ֮
һֶߵͼᶨ

ۺġ
̫ȹΪǴ֮еġ
ǲҿ϶̫ǲǳɹˣϾǵڤڤк̫ûϢ
ԣǴܻͨ飬Ǳ̫Ҫ尾
ⲻ̫Ҳ˵κ
̫֤ԪҲΪֹ
֪׳ɹûˣ
ҲöԼļлػĸԼиߵľ磬ļǶԵġ
ͺñȺʥ˳ʥѸһ
ǵչʾǿ󣬸Ϊ߶Ժ˵ҳɹˣҪŬ
֤Ǵڵģǰ·Զ
Ѹصԭ
ԣ̫ȹΪ꣬鴦ڼ尾С
̫ɹΪҲǵļֺͷ

Ҳ֪ɹûˣ
룬ûмᶨĵģĳɾͣһɹˣұҲҪŬСϵȻԼ˵
»Ҫġ
ô̫վ˵ɹˣԪʵڵģ

Ī˵ﴫв飿ǺĴܶϣ̫˵һ䣬ΪǵĴеȷУû֤
̫ΪԳ֮Ϊ֮
ʶ̫ȹΪǺεȵļ尾
֤ʥʱһܼᶨ
һ
̵̫ڼ䣬ܶԷһʱ֪Ϣ

ڣ
̫ȶΪָһˡ
ΪҪģҪվˣԼɹˡ
죡
ֻУʼۣ̫һһ߳ÿһǿռĿԽÿһǷĳ֡
ǰʱ˼ˡ
֪ܲɹûɹֵ̫ϵĳ־Դˡ
̫𣬽֤ԪɣشѸģ
¡¡
ˣ


218 Ķ񾪣
𣬵ɹˣɹˡ
ĳɹˣ
£

̫֤ԪɣΪأ
̫֤ԪɣΪʺأ

̫Ļȴˣ׻ԪʽѸĵʱļˡ
һͬʱ޵ڴ̫ĳɹʾǵļǶԵġ
ϲĸо޷˵ġ

ɽ
ǺΪֻɲε̫ӣȻоһ
Ҳ֪淢ʲô˴𶯣һ̹Ԫ̫һɻ
ѵпԱȼҵȵĴڣ뵽ҡҡͷòܡ
ԼֵǺεȴڣ̹Ԫ֣ΪʲôԱԼ˸߹󡢸ǿ
䴫вȫҲ֪ǺбҵȵҪ顣
ԴӵǺӳǲϵظ
󷨵ڸǣ޴֪
żֵĴ󶯾֪ˣбǵ顣
һȻȣû𾪡
Ͼ粻һǿ󣬻ҪŲС
Լֵ̹Ԫû˭ȵϡ
ãЩģ޷Ϊ¶ѣʶθ硣
Լȴڣξʹ޽ɵĲΣǰﻯԱȽϵġ

ʱ䣬ƺˣͽˣ˭ͣȻ𶯺ģ
˼һֺͷ̫ҡҡͷ롣
ԼֵܡҪǵԭʼ̫ͨ졣
ܺҲҪˣҵֱֵܷ̳иĲͬ۵вΪ죬ϣܾ֮쵮ǡ

ɽ
Ԩ̹ŵˡ
̫ԤƵʮ׵Ĵ硣
Żûǵʮһλܵãһϲ
֮ǰĺ𶯶һӰܴ
뵽Լ̹ŵϵѪˡ
һûкãȵԼ˵ĵ̺͸
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֣ǻ򵥣Ҫξޱˡ
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ʵ
˺֮档
Ȼ𶯣ѵͬʱҲ϶һ
Ȼ粻ԼԼҪѡǿ·ſɣ»ҲϦ

̫ı˺ܶ࣬Ψ벻ΪԼ׻ԪɣԪӵѡ񣬳˾޴ıʡ
벻ġ


219 
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бһǼһΪһ´˿̵ʵ
ǣ׻Ԫɺ󣬶ʱաֶζ˾޴
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Ц˵ʱĺû̫һ֮С
Щӵļһ
ǣԼҲһʵѹ
ҲԪɵĲΡ
˿̵ֻ̫ص˸ջʱʵ޴Ⱥ顣
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ԪеĽţ̫ڴ֮ӵĵ˺̫õķԴۡ
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˵Ԫɶõ֮ٵÿҪ˭ȣͻԪ޽ȻûбȽϵĿܡ
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ô͵ʵã֪̫ˡ
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ǰοǰ֮ǶģǰӻС²Ϊǰµİ鱦
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Ȼܶ˳޵̫Ȼ˷緶޲ܺ͵һʱȷ֮
̾
мһ죬ữ֮󣬶лһ衣



220 Ȼ
뿪̫Լı仯
ûо춯صʩչʱͨ·Ȼյ
֮ǰ̫ʹü
üҪһ֦ˮ
üԼеıſɣ˿̺ĻεıûǸˡ
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ҲġѾһɱ٣ֻҪԼޣǻֻҪԺ飬һõ¡

Сˣһģ飬绯ɷԹ
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ܽ˻ɷԹ
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а̫ˣʱƣԽԽࡣ
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ⲻǱ𣿡ʡ
סԣ²аޣҲֱааƵģ԰ƿصаܱȲƿصаҪá
̭棬һֱˣҲһֱɸѡѣ񡭡̹Ŷ˵а񡣡
˵̫꣬𺳣ߴϿ·



221 ̫Ԫӣ
̫һֹá
죬ȻĪı仯
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ʶ̫ôУ񲻹ΪǾ磬ûһ˿ı仯
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֮ǰ󷨲࣬ӵлԪɵ̫Ѿ󷨿סˡ
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̫֣ƽ֮ղԶˡ
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֥ҩ㣬˱ǣٲɽСϪʺţϼᣬͻʯᾣǡƳ¶
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˲ιǰ̫еɻˣ
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˵Ԫӱǿ󣬲ɻζԪ˵һʮӻε
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룬԰ôһûκΪ飬ȻԼص󷨣ⲻܰ
˿Լıһɻӣѵǲȫ
ˣԼƺбĻᡣ

һᣬ̫̲סˣԪӿ⣬ȻǿԼԼûԪӦøյǣ¶ġ
ʶ
̫÷һȣ߾СٳҪȱɱ𣿡


222 ѵԪӣ
ˣô᣿
Ԫˣ벻Ӧð˿ûκεΪǣܴԪӺܲ
Ҹô죿Ԫһʱ޴롣
©ƫҹ꣬۱ԴӰ֣˿ƺˡ

ԪӾܹҪһԣôˡ
һ仰̫ˣҽԼѡССɲε飬ҳƺԼѣ
ԪӺ̫֣ԪӾһ
òССΪҳƱѣǲײĲˡ̫һȡ
Ѱ˼ôԪŪһ˲ι⵹ãҵܺõˡ
ֻ̫һӣꡱһԪӵıӦһأ̫ս˰ռ䡣
~~ԪӺͱѾ׵ںϣ̫ȡһ֦ͬڳһһ
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ʵ˺֮ǰ˷磬֮ǰ֪Ԫ˲ιζ
ǿܻΣ˱·
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ʵ̫ȷԪӡ
һƷĵ֮棬ӲǶϺӺ֡Ǳͷסˣ
˵ңɿͣγһûıأõ֮棬μǴ⣬˭֪
˼֪Ķʶ͵ԪʵԵ͵
̫ףۿ̫һڤӵˣЩûɹǳˡ
Ԫƺһд⡱иѻŪɢ
ҪԼԪӵλãָɵƣ֪ǽȻ
Ԫӵʧ֪ܿ
ûΪиѻסǱˣСȺ˴
̫ôʧˡ

̫һ̣ȻԪӵ뷨ıˡ
С֪Լ廯κܼѣܣľ̫ʵ
仰Ķˣܻǿ𣬵д͵ζ
ƺԪҲܵˣԼ治Ƕֲ֣̫Լ鱦ѹˣǽá
ѣ⡭
ס죡̫һȣǵǳֱӴԪӵı壬ԪŪԪһʹ࣬Щʧ̫ˡ
ԪӷԼˣôúõַˡ
ɺԼΪеüƷΣȻ衣



223 ܴ
ССһɣ
̫ÿһ̴֣̻ԪӶ죬Ԫߵ
̫ˣԪٳԲѷԼ˼ʲôָ̡
˺һԪӣȶһ
е˱Σƺ⡰񾭲𱰿ĺء
Լγأ
֮ˣĲ𣿶Ҿǵʶ𱰿ĺҪ
ǰǰ˵ǡԪЭˡ
δûƴֻЭˡ
ҰοˣȷԼĿǰҪǿܶ࣬Լ֮ǰеˡ
С̫ܲʵǿΪ̽鵽ԪӵУ仯
ңԪӺеĵ
Ǻǣ̫Цˣ룺ֻҪͺãɡ
֪㲻Ǳ㻹еȤΪ㻹ܻŲɣߣ
ֵ̫ǲǾԼ˼ƷΣԼԴ񣬸ǿ󣬹ʶС飿
ʵ㣬ĸţɱ˲һˣǿҲСо仰㱾Դ͸ţû
̫˵꣬Ԫ𺳣˺òԣо̫󣬺ǲм
֮ǰ˻нΪǿ֮򣬶˺̹ŵѿʱƷȴԵɺϵõ˻ĵ飬Ҳ졢ءڤ֮һ˴طۣ֮Ե¿ɲٿغĴơ֮֮ʹ֮໥ϣʶʮƷҲǣ㽾Դ

̫һԽ˵ԪԽԾ
ȻԼ֪ģ֪ģ˵ˡ
ⲻ֪ߵĴڣҲǴСʼֻɵ˵ںֻǿп޵С϶ѣ治֪ĽĽҲ˱ˣˡ
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ʶǾԼģҲǿģԸָ߰
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ȥһ߰ɣõһ

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ëҪģ̫¶˾ģΪٳ֡
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ܣ̫ԪһĸҲһֻԪԽĵź
ҪԪӿʼǵĽ
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ҲãСй¶һֻ̫һ֣һӡԪӵԪС
һЩսĳ棬һЩĴ¼ӡ̣һЩݺĳ档
ȻҲкĵѪĵķĵİ
Ԫһǽ꣬⻹̫ʱ¡
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224 ӣ
͵۽˸ԣΪߣȴֻ֪֮ޣ˺С֮ΣСĲΡ
ǰˡ
ܴԪӣˣԭԼĽһǴ
Ȼù̫Ҳֻ˵еùء
Ԫ̬Ⱥ˵̫Ըоöˡ
廯Σ֪ܲ򵥰ܳɹ
̫˵꣬Ԫȴ֮ǰҲйڣǰҾټҲΪ»ζҲµµΪ
̫ʵǣûǰģôҼ䲻ϰ
ǰʱ𶯣ʱоӦû򵥣ʱ򻹲ϡһãȻпܺԼԤƵĲһΪ˽ĵѡȴǿ·бҪʶ֮ǰѵľ˱廯Σյüǰо߶ˡ
̫ûʣԪӾȻԼ˵˳
뵽֮ǰ𶯣̫֣òҲԼԭ
Լ׻ԪɣȻúġࡱˡʯͷû뵽
ĺܶԡ̫ͷο뱾廯Ҳܼ򵥣޷ʱ䡢ԴԼѡ
ǰϧûСԪӿЦ
ǣ̫ЦˣҲɣС
ԪӾˡ
ѺֲһޱȵĿޱȵڴС
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ԪӺȻĬˣϲɵˡ
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ԪӺܿˣòûбʾʦǸܺõİ취
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ԪʮƷУΨһǵģҲ˵ʮˡ
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˿Ԫӵֻǰһ塣
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֮δǰ;ܴ󣬰뱾º󣬽ᳬ󡣵ǣи涨
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ȻԪӲ֪ΪʲôӦˣӦҲС
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ԪӲ̫֮ͬǰļλӡ
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ã̫ԪӴӦ󣬿ʼμ԰취


225 ޲Tľ
㻯ʱܼ򵥣޷Ǳһ鳤ѡһ㣬ʱһΪóΪ㲼һʱٲͬ󷨣˺һ۵󷨾Ϳɡ
Ԫ̫Բʱٲͬ󷨣ϲˣʦȻȻƿʱ䡣
֮ǿ󣬹ʶѶҲļѣ޷Ǿ粻ѣֻҪ֮ǾߣҲһ򵥵顣ظߣǻνԣ׾١
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Ҳ򵥣֮ɴһ㻯ʱɼֿ١

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ֻߵ˵˵ܽԣҪذѾҺͲҲԶˣֻҪٵȵȣ˶ɵʱ򣬴ɱ׾٣ѣΪΣ
ţߵѴƣ
һһͣ޲TѾˡ
ŭ𣿲ˣŭ̫ˣٷŭҲôֻ˵ˣǲʣԼҲԲˡ
޲Tûǿ󣬼ް취뿪ˡ
ֻǣתʱֱѾ˾
ǣɱߵͲһˣ컯ƬĴУһԼͻԲҲﵽΡ
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޲TûҲûзŭ뿪ˡ
еõߵͲ񷲻ˣ
޲Tѵˣ˵Ըˣ


226 
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˵˵ԪӺȻ֣Լˡ
⣿ǿˣһԼʦһǷʦܶĺһǺʦӻоǺѵĴڡ
ԼԼҪ޵а
ԪӲͬʯˣʯ˸̫ǳֲ̫˺ܶࡣǣһЩȻȫǡ
ԪӲ̫ͬɺ󣬽ܳʱԪӷֿʶ̫Ԫӽ˺ܶ࣬ܶض
ΪҪøԶҪʧԼҪˣԪҲ´
ԣԪ֪ĺ̫ܶ࣬˵Ҳܶࡣ
̫ͽľȻοѻֵþģ֪ˡ
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̸ֽһ̫źһкʱ뿪ׯۡ
߳󷨺ʩչʱͨѸɽȥ
ɽƯںģ޴ڡ
˿̵ɽûǸں˽ܵĶ
̫˽ʱ䣬ϵɽ
һΰݷãҲǹغ׵̫Ȼ׼һ
ϼһܸԣɶȱ̫óЩˮһЩ̫е
̫ȱⶫó˾ſţı⡣

죬أӭֿѣ
̫ɽʱ򣬺㵽̫ˣһǵһϵϲο
ʶѸٻͯӭ̫ĵ
ۺĸֻǸɲεͯСͯŮ
үôˣҲǺ棬˭ү˷ܣ
ѵ



227 ɽ
̫Ѵݹ٣ϵʱˡ
ֻһ֣ͯĵȻȻλλүֿѡ
ֻǣôأ
̫δЦȵͯɻУ̫֪ʱѾ˺ǰ
죬أ̫𣡡
أĹ
̫ܾϲĵԭʱλˣʶϸһۣȻǻʯš
ɣŲźѣδһ컯
̫ˣ˳óǣǱ˵ģŰɡ
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سԾˣôĵ𣿺ү˵Ĳϰ
ǺǣѻԪһû뵽Ҳˣ˼ɣ֮ʵϵĽ
̫ԼͯͯŮؾ̫𣬶ȴ˲̫ͬ׻Ԫɺı仯
һĽġ̫ͬܺ޾
Снѣ˻Ԫ֮ΣҪǸ֮ζǸ򣬺αؾŵҰˣ
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ַ̫ޣͿʼǷ飬Լʱֵõָ̫֮˺Ǻ̫۵Ƿ飬֮ǰ̫ɱֻأ顭
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228 ˻ϲ
ȻǿٵصһˣŶȹɱٶãȻ˵޲Tô
ڵߵ޲Tɽ·ϣߵ޲T
仰ʵ޲TðɣȻңǺͲƥ뱾ɱ棬ҲѸٲ֮硣
ǣ޲TеļƻѾˣ˿̸뿪ߵʳԶ˿̻Ǳʱ̣ʶܵ
ǰ˵ͺѣ̫ѣ˿ǰ顣λѣһ޵һǲǻԪɵĲΣΨ鰡
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еߵӡɽСӭ޲T߱ǹȥ
¡첻ϡ
ܱħڸǣ˴սᱻĴܷ֡
޲TԵõ컯ĲƬ󣬱ԴֲһЩͺͨΪгĽ
˵Щда޹˺ܴˡ
˿̶˵ĵߵ棬Ѿռ˾ԵϷ硣

ͷ
ɽ̫󲻾ãüˡ
˹ۣһ̸
½½ĺܶǰء
ɽһʱ䣬У·ۡ
ߵͲ񷡢޲TˣǲΪӣ˵ìܣϾȻҲҪˡ
ܳĬ൱ĳĬ
̫û֧Ԯ󣬾ͿʼĬˡ
˺󣬰̫ǿơֳɽеڵĸо
˿̣˻ᣬ˵ЩûʵĻѺֲһº̫üǵĹϵ
ĺĶ֪ţ˹ϵǽһá
һܾ֮ܶܶ飬ޱȵĽҲ
֮ôǰأ̫üĹϵ
һӣǸӣֺ£ȻҪ
ǺǣǿϵҶѣοüѺ̫͵ᣬϵȴҪǰأʵҵ
ҲеҪˣȴûǲӣǶƤ
ⲻ֪
˹غȴ͵ߵ汯ĲʣĶԱȡ

ߵݺһΪҪߣΨ̫û뵽ȴҪ޲TСС

Ȼˣȫ㣡
䣡
ߵˣĺܱ
޲TҲܣƴĵߵһеܣϾ̫
ɱߵһ̣޲TȴЦˡ
ħѸٵѹ˵ߵıԴĿ֮һֻҪⱾԴܾΪܶࡣ
ֻҪٴɱ棬޲Tʮɵİ

أֻʣ޲TЦ



229 ֱ
޲Tڴɱ˵ߵ֮Ѹٵ뿪˴˵ء
ʱһˣ˵زǾ֮أʶץʱ뿪˳ߵıԴ
ѸٵǿΪѺþĿߵʳ
ڲ棬һԶԸ
ʱ֧Լãǲ֧֣˴ɱ˾ǡ
˺޲T컯Ƭһв֪
һߡ
˽һԼĸ򣬽׵ĸ
ȻڴĻ̫۵ʧˣ̫û
һ˺
˵ȥ̫Ҳȥˡ

˿һϢġ
޲T˵ߵıԴ󣬴˵ߵʳ
ڵɢȥܸӦˣһߵˡ
䶯Ҫ𶯡
ڸ·̫һʱ䣬޲Tȥڲصʱͷˡ
Ȼˣ޲TȻ򵥡
̫ڿУԼݣ˲ľ
ҲãĺĲ̫޲TĽغĻӾʡ
̫֮ǰΪԼԲ룬һ߿羰
˿羰ˡ
޲Tǵߵ̫˶ûкøУ˭̫ûаź
Ȼֻǵߵ޲TԱûΪħһֱźĵı仯ơ
Ǻȥġ
ߵ̫˵һֲƽڵߵʳ˵ˡ
޲TЯߵ֮ߵʳ

޲T֪Ұģû뵽˵ıɲҪƤ
ŭĲŭ
ܶ¼ҹһΨ͵ߵĽϣôһཻĵѡ
Ȼгŭ
һʱ䣬ѡĵߵʳĻ̡̻
ҲɵףĻʳ棬޲TͲеһˡ
Ȼ
޲T֣ԼС˲͵ߵĸ顣
Ϊ񷲻Ϊ˵ߵԼ֣Ȼˡ
ʱ˵Ĵս춯ء
мƷ鱦¯Ĳ棬հ޲TС
Ҳ˵޲TһϵеļƷ鱦С
󣬱޲Tǿ󣬵ΪɱٵĹϵʹܽ
ǵõ컯ĲƬ˵ߵıԴʤ治˵
񷲻в¯侳Ҳﵽ˵ĲΣֻ۵ˡ
ʶΪ;ȡ
Ȼûսʤһ鱦޲T
ڡ
ĺĵһΪߵɱ޲TͲķĿ޲TռһС
һγ˹¼ҹˡ
֮ǰռϳһα޲TռԼϳ
ĻĲ棬˺һɵң޾˳˺ĵ̨
Ҳˣ˼λ١
ֻ˻ǲҡ
޲TѸٵƹ˵ߵʳ˺Ĵŵߵʳš

ׯۣ
ʦˡ
̫սׯۣԪϲѾˡ
š̫˵ͷһ֮ͿŬˡ
̫þˮ裬ԪӵǱԴ
׼һ̫ѰѾˮ裬ѸٵĴԪӵڡ
ʱԪӣΪǲġ
ʶ̫߶ԼķԪӻ
ܰԪӴɽ̫ԪĹУһ߹һЩ
ҺԪӱǿ󣬳ܵסĹඥ
Ҫһǳģһ;ɽһһֱǻ𣬻عجج
Ҳ̫ݻһ˻û
ʦͽ˵ĺ˺ܳʱ䡣
ǧԪ󣬲Ԫ֮Ǻͱﵽƽ⡣
֮ǰǿ󣬵ȴСǳɳٶԶԶѷɫڱĳɳ
һƽĹ̡
ǿȣ绯ζͨĺ顣
ǿǹСѱʶܻΡ
ֻƽƿر壬ǱٳɳǵĿơ
֮ǰԪӾС˵ǿƲǿı塣
̫˿̣ƽıǡ
һƽߵʱǾͿɿƱĳɳתıԴֲǡ
ͷؽʧȥơ
ֻҪһ㣬ԪӾͿǿ֮磬Ʊ֮ɳ
ܸӵϣȻʱΪѲš
һɺְ̫ԼڸԪӣ˳㻹ġԪ
⣬ͨҲһ
Ԫǳ׵ĽԼ²
ƺоҪʦֱˡ
ʦ֪ʱܼͽ֮ͣͽԻرˡ
˵˵š鶯ԪӣҪ޳ĸо
Ǻǣмһ죬㻯ζ㻯ζʱһֵʱѹ
ֵ̫⣬黹㣬鱦Ҫغ֤ҪڼӲ
ǣʦ
̫֮ǰѹĵ黹Ԫӡ
鰵֮Ԫӵ֮˵ѵϡ
֮⣬Ԫӻбİ鱦˶鱦طͶ鱦¡
鱦̫λУһ
Ȼ̫ûбʾ
ΪʦԪӷе飬еط
νһ壬Բ
ΨȱĥġػԪ񡢹̾硢а֮
̫ԪһʮƷ
ֲԪеĲ㣬̫УҲ̫һŵı־

ûвɢϯ
ԪӵĲУ̫뿪ׯۡ
̫õοˣҲԪӻܣûûεʦȴΪ⡣



230 ֮أ
Ҫѵʱ䲻ˡ
˿̵ĺģų޵вҵսҿʼӡ
޲Tķ񣬽Ѿ
ͬʱа޵׳ìѾ̲ݻ
˫ļ棬һľ档
̫һҡҡͷЩˣȥɣѰԼҵ鱦
󡭡
Եһܶӵ
˵ʱջңĪֵķһͻ
ף֣Ȼڸ˵ؿƲ򵥡
̫һִ˵ؾȻ
һ˲ᵽˣ½˵ģӵĻҲȥ
̫֪Լǲǵһ˵ģԼԼĸо򵥡
Ϳó˵ֶΣȻ컯֪ͣ
﷨ңʱһǻҲ
̫ѾԪɾ磬ҶʱһóҲʧ
򣬴˵صʱûйɵת
һ̤˵˹ȥһᷢδ
ʱĻң̫һĻ
ֻǰһžĿڼ١Ļ١
ʱٺֹٱ
ټ󷨵ĳ֣˵ؾһޱȾ޴ʱԹ
ΪСߣ᲻߳һʱʧ󣬷Դ
Сһ̤صǰ߸á
ûǿ󹥻󷨣ʱļٺͺˣΣյֶΡ
˵Щʱ侲ֹĵط
ֵطΣգûʱţûκεĴڣĺ
ڱ˵һգۼ䣬ȴȹ޾ʱ䡣ᵼʧأߵĵɢԼɱԼ
̫ʱ֮ƿأνġ˵֮ŷ֣Լֶμֱֵһᡣ
˵ģ⸲ǲ֪󷨣̫ܲó󷨣侳ΪҪԪ޽ɵĵز
ȻܣΨһİ취о͸͸󷨣ֻҪ͸ɣȥ󷨡ֹ̫
̫֣ûκΰ취Դ󷨺ֻһĲ͸󷨡
Ҫķ֧ʱ䣬̫֮ȫԻ򷨡
֮ǰû֣ҲҪɡ
˿ֻ̣̫󷨣Ҳ˵󷨡
ԼΪ󷨵ĺģȻƲָӡ
ֻҪָӣ˵Լ󷨵ĺģǴһؾͼ򵥵Ķˡ
뵽ˣִ̫⣬ֻǼ˲ʧʱյС

ң
ףǵĴڴչأ̫Ĵ˲侪ˡ
ݣһ֮رչأܶʱڲܳʯˣ赣ģҲǣҡ
ֵ̫⣬Ҫܺĵ£Ϻһת֮£Ȳɲ룡
ӵϢĪݣæǰȥ̫ʯˡ
ʯһǡ
ʦ׻Ԫɺһֱûع̫磬һֱ
֮ǰ̫׻ԪɵƣĶ֪ȻϺҲ֪
Ϊ̫ͬʱҲϣܻհϡ
κΣ̫ûл
Σףʱڲˣü˸ĵġ
ʦкܶǰƣʧѾܳˡ
ңʦ֮ΪģþܹĪҪż˵
˺ļλӣܺܵģû취ֻ
мѶϢ˱𴦡
ɽ
ѣܶʱڲ֣һʱŲƽ֮أԱ֮Ҫܺܳһʱ䲻ܳش˸ߵһ
ӵȴΪ̫ġ
֪̫ǻԪɵΪǵȾĿǰġ
ҲǵȾҪôѣ޾µ;
Ϊ̫Ѱһõĵطˡ
ϵҲҪֻ̫ǵıչزܶʱ׻ԪϵҲҪһˡ
̫Ĵı˺뷨
׻Ԫ̫򵥣֮ǰĴ£ǹ¿ܾͻס
ûаգʶʱûн׻Ԫ
ڷٽأ̫Ĵһõѡ

ں壬ͬյϢ
֮ǰȥ̫Ϊԭ򣬵ȸϵʱ̫Ѿ㶨ˡ
ַֻ˺塣
̫ĴҲΪ̫еˡ
ôźˣǿյˣԼ̫۵ͰѾǿ˿̺С
ΪͬԲֻﵽ
С꣬Ǹ̫ǿ޿ĺģҲڲǰ״ޡ
Ѿ췭ظı仯
ǣʼûģȻǺ̫ҳϺ𾴡

üϳüһյѶϢҪ׻Ԫɵеѹ
ΪԼҪ׻Ԫɣܸ̫ˣû뵽̫дԵ
ϵǾԪΪá



231 ׷׽ף
̫ıչء
ĵݱȴûͣ¡
ڰüɲԪɵĲΣǺ䶯ġ
˸еѹ
ҪˣĴܣΪ˵֡ϺˡҲʼˡ
һ
Ӵֶһλ
˷˼һĻˣĵһ¾ǽɢʳ
Ϣһ
ôˣ
ʳ
ѣˣ
ʳĶ棬ϥ档
ѵΪܲ⡣
ˡܼᶨ˵
˼һʵðһ䣬ѿз֣
ǺǡϵЦˣȴз֡
ɫѿ
޷˵˵Ҳ޷ˣ޼ѣ˻βþΪֿѡ޼ߵ磬ֻʣˣϵܰȻ˵޵·ϣҪѵķ֣ϵһµѣ˵Ҳܰﵽϵ
ֻ٩٩̸
οһ֡
Ƕ˵ļֻǱ˵ĲٿأȴⲻļҪǾͲҪǷȵںģѾͺģǷºܴ
ǲɱľʶҪֻ˳ĪҪŵkһĽϣܻմȾ޾ϵ׵򡣡
̫üˣǲǴˣմԺ£ǲǿԶ
ʶϵˣҲҪҰףҲɢһγ

ԭˣǡǻûг𣿡
ǰûгѾǷôˣȵkˣǸ࣬԰ѣ
⣡Ĭˡ
ֳ֣˭ʹ˲ǾһҪǷµkӶƿǵĿʼ
㲻ǷkȻƿ㣬͵kǾ²ˣǣ˭ҷĻ᣿
׻Ԫܶ࣬ĺ
ָ֣飬Ӵ˺Ƿ
ҪɾͲˣҪ°
˺쵽û˿İ취ʣû׵õ£Ѻó
ΪǷĶ࣬ˣˡ
˵Ƿ飬Ȼ㡣
ֻȴûгȻҪˡ

ˣǺ˷ˡ
򣬽ɢʳ߲ܶĻʳ
ľҪ
棬Ѿôˣѡ
УûҪ˵ļӳ֡
ǷҲҪ

ꡭ
Ĳ棬Ҳˡ
֮ϣ巢ֱ֣۸ôҪһ̫Ĵڣ
Ƿ֣͵Ķˡ
Լһ˺ͯһɵ
󷨵ڸǣ֪ǣ
ҲչһĳĬ
˺ĽԪС
Ǭ桢棬桢桭ˡ
ڵڰٵĩڣнʮλܲ˵ľ硣
鷢֣ԼϤܡ
Ȼλһֱû˵Ĵڡ
ƺӿٵؿʼһֱ͵ĬسǶ֪ԭĻ
ǼλܣںĶϱս֮ء
һңԶĵطܶ˶û˵ĵط
ĺˣ˵޾ĺ˵ǲ֪Ĵܶûȥ
̫ĺ֮뷨һֱûʵ֡
֪شܵأ

ںܶ˾ãѾǿʱ
ʱ
棬ٵصһˣ׻Ԫˡ
Ϣ𶯵ͬʱоӦ
ǵ̫üѾԪˣҲԪɺƽ
ֻǣǺȻķ֡
ĵĵһƺˣ֪ȥˣѾ޾ûϢˡ
ü׻Ԫɣº׻ԪɣҲûгֹ
߲㾪ˡ
ѲɣĲˣôôʱˣһλλޣһȴ¶棿
ܶɻˣ

ʱܣʹһˣ޲T
ħ棬ÿ飬űĶˣԼΪɱٵԭȴһֱܽ
֪޲TߺԹޡ
ûŬôȥˣ˵˭ʼղŹޣ޲Tˡ
ЩߵʳѾ˺ü磬඼޲TĴУˡ
Ȼû


232 ʱħ
˻ʱ֮󣬹Ȼ
̫չо󷨵Уı仯˾޴Ľչ
ȴǺ֪顣
У̫ľ˾޴Ѿﵽ˻ԪŲеĵڶ㡣
Ϊȹ˻ԪһĶ塣
ʱһҪ֧̫Ե棬ͨʱоĽ
ңռһʱһܲɷ֣̫ʱĸ򣬶о޴ջ
ʱ֮󷨣оŲı仯̫µĸоѾĵĲΡ
ֻҪʱ䣬󷨵ı仯֮ӶԲĺġ
ǺԲ̫оʮ򵽵ġ
󷨵ĺĴһԲ״ĺģǣ󷨵ı仯
ǹпĶһ̫̽̽鷢֣ҵѸƿ󷨵ĺ֮
֮ǰͷӬһһоһ̽ƽ⡣
ǴƽһС󷨺󣬷Բ򣬵Ǳˡ
⣬̫һܡ
ʱ󷨲˵һϸϵ󷨣ǧСĴǵغϵĴ
ƽޱȵļѣÿطı仯˼еоֹп

һηԲ̫ҵƽһС󷨺Բ
ÿζܵ
̫ɹԲǼ򵥵֮ģܻǵĺġ
ƺ̫Ľ
Ϊˣ̫ΪԲ޴ӣ֮ǰƽһС󷨺֮ƽ󷨡
ÿƽһ󷨣ͬͨͬɵÿƽ󷨡
һʱ̫С󷨶ͬɵԺԲ򽫻޴ӡ
޾УѾ˽֮һС󷨡
ɵС󷨣˵Ѿ֮һ̫ˣƿˡ
ˮĥĹ򣬺̫֮ǰĹе
Ѿߵһˣ̫û
˵ͨо󷨣Լľ͸
˵ˣ;ϲԼԸ
⣬ʱ磬û̫ǣҵ飬ûй˼ɵȫȫƽ󷨡
죡
̫Բ
ף㻹ܣ
̫ʱֶΣֱʶԴƿ󷨡
ǣ
γ˾޴ı仯
ֻԲβûܣ
ߣȻǣ뱾֮Ԫ룡̫ߵ

벻ĳˡ
Ȼʱվֹ
̫֣ԼΪʱ֮Բ򷢳ʱ侲ֹ˲䣬Լܶˡ
̫ʱһַĵľ֡

벻Ļں棬Բһǰƿ̫ԪֱӴ̫ԪС
̫ˣ
Լ˼ɵĴ˵ԪʲôʱԼԪڣñɽˡ

ֻʱָ̫ԪУȻһҹɰЦ
Ȼֵ֮ӵ飬СȥˣһнǱġ
䣡

ףʲôôܣ
ֻԲƿ̫Ԫ󣬿ʼʩչʱݵǣʱһƽˣ
˺ӸѸٷסԪռ䡣
Լʽƽ⣬ʱ̵ĳ֣Բе㾪ֵĸо
С˭ôʱ̹˵Ŀ츫Ļӣ
дһоȺͲš
ǹֻ֮ӵѹʱ̵ֻͣ٣û̫
˭
һЩеı仯̫Ҳе㾪ֵĸоһһ޴롣
˭ֻԲһʱ̺ͻӵĹ
˿̣̫Ԫڣʱ̺ͻӲ׵д
컯ȣƺҲевѸٵػ̫ԼӴ֮ӵĽš
˭һ˵гĺͽ
˻һ飺ʱħ񣡡
Ȼ㣿
̫ˣȻ
ǿʱ֮صԼԼȴû֣ʱƺû˿
ʶ𣿡ʱʵ
ü˵
üߣǼһȻҲû
ǰԲ̽š
ʵˣ˴˶˶Է
ʱΪֻҪСУֻҪԼƿСԪ񣬾ѸٵʩչƻõֶΣӶռ
ⷢˡ
Ȼûг׵𣿡
ߣʱ䳤棬ʱ𣬳ûʱţ᲻ȥ
ӲдĻŶѣȱɵֶΡ
СֻҪžϣ᲻κλŵʽ
ȻñǲǺܾȣܺڣ̫
СڳЦ𣿡
Ǻǡ̫мһЦ
˿ƳЦԷ㽻̸ʵһĶõ취
̫֣ɱʱʱ򣬾֪鷳ˡ
ʱлԪɺڵԪ޽ɵľ硣
ֻǳڵ̫û˿İ취
˵ԼԪУ鷳ˡ
ʱҲڿǰ취û뵽СȻʱ̺ͻػԪ

СС㣬Ҳû취ſǽŵķ֮Σ
ʱֵ԰ᣬҲԻص֮С
Ǻǣ
̫ЦЦûлش
ʱǴͨԼԪţ»ص֮С
䲻֪ʱôԼĽţȥ֮кã̫ãʱضƭԼӦбı
ǣòĿǰõİ취Ͼ˭κβ˭
ңʱԼԪУ
ԼԪһӣͶһΣգ֮йɣʱ

̫ƺҪӦˣʱЦˡ
û̫򵥡
ԪĴڣԲԴʹõķ࣬˷ѡ
ΪĻָб֮ˣ׵Ļָ
ڻʱʱ䳤ӵʱѾ֪˽Ŀ֮١
ü׼Ķ࣬Ҳü֪Ķࡣ
ʴ׼̹ŴսǧħʱΪһħʱȻûдԤеôǿ˵ֵ̹ŶԾ
Զļޡ
ļˣ̹ųǰѾԪˡ
һݱ̹Ŵɱһ̹ſ컯ѸٵĶȱ컯̹ŵ㡣
⣬Դתκ˶Ҫ
ֻ֪Ҫ٣Լ鷳
κΡ
Ψڵˡ
컯չǰ컯Ƭ̹ţȴ
ʴˣܺü»Σ컯Ϊ塣
Ȳ˵ֺԪҲ
һ취ǿ󷨾ۼۼԲУԼƿԲǿԱ
ֻҪˣͿͨԼƶļƻС
ǣˣ֮أһ鶼ûп
Ҫûԭʱǲŵģ
ҪˣϾҪˡ
󣬻ɱԼ
Ȼ̫ӰĴڣĪĳˡ
ʱɹǲָԼ
˼ǰ󣬾ֻҪ֣ٽκ˳ֶܳɹ
Լ˭Լ˵һħʱ
ֻҪԼɱ˲ָģԼⴳ飨̫
Ǿ˵Լȹˣˣٳ־Υƽˡ
ʶ
ֻҪ̫ӦԪ֮ӣƴıԴܴԼ뷨
ʱֻҪһʱݣͿɻݵ޾Զʱ
̫ʶص¶δ֮ʱ̫ǣһͿƿʶ̫ĵ
˺˳Žռ̫Ԫ
̫ǱʱĳУһҵ·
һ̫ȻڣֻǱʱ䳤С
Լ̫󣬲ǴԼû취
ϾⲻǡϸϡĶᣬֻǡáѣ̫Ҳûֻʧʱ䳤С
ˣ
ֻ˵ʱе鶼ǵˣֻ͹̫



233 תʱգ
ãӦ㡣̫ڵ
仰еεĸоһΡ
ʱȴЦˣƻɹˡ
ò˵ĺܶԣڻУѡҲǴѡҪ֪ȥĿģηĳǿһôûС
ʱһ￪ʼο̫ˣ̫ڰ
˵һħ񣬵֮ԻţħΪ֪ĪҪǿһԤеΣĺܶ࣬ǳüȴſԶȹôˣֻʣҺüˣεѡ񣬵Ϊȫֵ
ˣȻӦ˾ͲᷴڣûҪ𽲴̫ʱĳƪۡ
̫Ըоƺ򵥡
Ͳ򵥱ʱԼԪи
ѡֻѡġ
ǺǡˡʱЦȴ̫õʱʧ

̫ſ˽ŵķʱͨȥ֮ӡ
ȻַʽȡɣƲ˼顣صʱ˵ƺȫпܡ
ǲ֪εֶΣ

ʱ̤Ͻŵһ̣Ȼһ̫ʮƷԼ̫ĹԪռ䣬һЩ鱦
ò˵ˣǺǣʱ¶ƻЦݡ
û̫ӦѾŽȥ֮ˡ
̫Ҵ⣬ʵҲðա
ڴ֮Уйغ棬ϲ֣̫ܳã˱ضٴν֣ʱ̫أֶ̫ࡣ
ܺùԼԪн֡


֮ӻǰ𺳣֪֪Ρ
֮ӵʱȻЦˡ
С֪οԽ𣿡
˵˵ֻ֮У̫ĵ˿ѾɳΪ˶𻨡
ŵػ컨
̫Ӱھ޴֮ϡ
ڴ֮ӣޱȵĵطд֮ӵĹڴ˺Ѵɱһ˵ĵ
ԣ̫ʱֶΡ
޷ƾԲԲ֪ʲôΪԴۣ컯
Ȼ̫ĵ
ƾ컯ԽԴʱҲƾ컯֮ӡ
ΪʱкأԭҲǽ컯
֪ˣʱ뿪˵ˣ֮ӿ󣬱㣬Ҳ뿴㣬ȥĵطɡ
̫̽ʱ뿪
֣ʱԴӽ֮ӺԪ鿪ʼѸٵʱ̫֮е㵣ġ
ʱЦСǲ̫ˣ
ߣ̫һ֮йɣ㻹ֲɣ

ʱȻЦˣȫʢʱڶңȫʢʱ֮ʱ֮ת㹥𣿡
˵̫꣬һݣЦˣߣʱ侲ֹ𣿱ǣԪָ죬Ǳӵı졣
̫ˣʱ侲ֹԼ£ѲʱԼĲɣ
ʱԪڣǱȲԼ塢ź͵ġ
ˣʱݰС
ʱЦ̫ˣֻҪʱݣܻص㵮֮ǰʱƿ֮ǣʱ䳤У˵Ρ
û̫ػΪƿȫֵʱֵǲ˵֮Ӳɹɱ
ʱſЦ֪ûɱ㣬ֻǷѣΣ
ʱԴȥޱȵ˷ܡ

̫ԭ
֮ӵĴڲ޾С硣
ÿ˻һ硣
һһе֮飬һʱջάȡ
ʱһĵԪڡ
ִܴҲʱڵ֮εʱ򣬲ɵ¡
˵һ޶Ĵڣ󶼲Ԫˡ
̫νޱȵˡ
ӻٶܷ£ˡ
֮һеɺʱ̫˴˿̵ľ档
˵һ飬˭֮߳ʱݣΪᣬǳ̹û˿ԣûУ
ֻʱԪĴڣʼѸٵ޾֮
ʱ⵹

֮ӻǴ֮ӣΪʱĵı䡣
̫ʼ仯ˡ
ʱ俪ʼѸٵķˣ
Ȼ䣡̫ʱֶκЦˣʱоеš
ʩչһеʱ򣬾ѾȼձԴˣֹͣ±ԴľҲܣû·
ڴ֮ӣַ֮ʩչҲҪıԴС
ʱ֮ǰ˵򵥣ޱȾ޴ġ
ЦȻ޵ʱ򣡡ʱʱѾʼѸٵĻݡ
̫ȴˡ
ꡢǧꡢꡢһԪᡭһ١
ʱţ̫ûһ˿ı仯ǰ΢ЦĿʱ

ʱĻص˵٣̫εʱ̡
ŷɣʱЦˡ
һĻʱеɵۣһâʲô
ԣûС֮ǰʱҧ
ڻص˵٣̫һ̡
ʱźһڵ˴˿ˡ
ʱļš
ôᣬôââôɷ𣬲ɣΪκ
ⲻܣ
ѵҲǻеǵĴڣʱʼˡ
̫ʱĻУͬʱһԼĻݣеĸо
㵽˭ʱʵ
ĪҪʣ
̫ʱĻݣ֮֮Ԫ
޼ޡһС㡭
һͨ˵ĹԼһ
ָо̫ʵĸо
ߣƴűԴ޴ʧҲҪصδ֮ǰ
ʱнˣֻܼҧ֡

źʱţ̫һμ֮۵һĻˡ
Ǵ֮ƺǿ̫ǿʱ
ʱһҽУ
š
С̹Ŵһȣ̫Ȼˣ
Ȼ
㵽˭ֻʱ֮ԴԪ飬ʼѸٵʧήҡ
ƺݿ˲ÿģǱԴʼѸٵʧһ̾Ҫɢ

ʱˣֻΪıԴײ̫̫֮һ
̫֮ӰʧʱʣıԴԽ̫Ԫռ
ʱײûԵǣˣһ
ǾҪʧʱԴԪ飬̫Եǻعһֻ̣ʱ̰֮ȫƳ̫Ԫ

ʱ̵ĹʱıԴɳ̫Ԫֱ˺Ѻʱգһδ֪ʱա

ʲôһһŮľֲҽС
̫ǵãԼص˺Ϥĵط˲ֻˣʱһִ˻ƺֵꡣ
ʱ̴̫ǻصĵһ̡
ĺȻһ
ֻ޴Ĵ֮۳ˡ
ʱ̺̫ǺûйΪƺŹ̫
Ҫɢ꣬Ȼ䱻֮â˺ںʧˡ
𺳵ĺȻоƺʱձһ
̫һУ֣ᷢɺǶô档
δֻ֣ôܡ
Ӵ˴УγһɸıĹǾǣʱת
⣬Ψһˣ
һУʧ̫֪ʱ̴ԪУѸٵİ


234 뾪ϲ
ô£Ǵۣ֮ô޶˳֣
ˣǲô£
ҪָܵԽԽ֮࣬۵ĺȻúˡ
ǣûзκζߺֻðѲС
ĪǺ̫йأղſռʱĳ̫ѣ˭
ü뵽
ڿռһóղԵĸӦʱյ˺ǳ˴֮ۡ
֮ûκεıʾƺ̫ܸɳ飬ü벻κˡ

Ե̫֪֮ǰһϵɺϣ˺εȷ˼飿
ʱȼձԴ̫ͬھչ̫ǿ÷ʱûеóѡ
˺ʱ̻أ߷̫ʩչʱͨ
ʱʩչĶ󣬲ֻ̫ʱ
Բı컯Ҳˡ
ʱաˡʱȼձԴʱȫ߷̫
⼸֣·ڻУֶκͷ
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Կó֮ǰʱ̫ͬھľ޴Ӱ졣
̫
ڱʱغ󣬾̫;ˮʼԵ̫
ԴȼմʱѾɢؼ䣬֮ǰԪڵ컯Բȴ˺ԭڽ̫ԪС
̫˿ţܼ򵥵ĴԪУȡ컯Բ
ʶǲӦԵġ
컯߷˵ۣҪλǣȫܵġ
̫֮ԪҲ֮һ
ƽеĹϵȻʱ˵ܵ飬̫ȫ
̫˯Уʱ컯Ƭ̫֮ǰʱײһ˿Ԫ񣬿ʼĸˡ
һ޾¡
ⲻ֪Ϊǰɺϡ
Ϻһ֪εľ޹꣬¶ںס
Ȼ
ֻһɫֱӴ͸˾޹Ԫռ䡣
ԪռУһɢ꣬ʼ;޹¶ںˡ
ϷĲɽᾧʼϲЦš
ûֵǣһ⴩ʼ˵ĸںˡ

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ɢļ䣬һʧ
ֹ˰̫꣬Ŵã߳ĻԼ֮ǰ顣
һʱջ֮ء󡭡ʱԪ񡭡֮ӵʱݡʱ衭Լˡ
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жԼ˺ģǻǿ޺顣
ǻ˺ħʱһΣ̫ˡ
֮ǰΪӦˣûҲӲдˡ
˴ε飬ˡ
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컯ⰵȵȣЩһ±ȲüʱʧƺҲס
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ǲ׵ĳʧܻµ˺ܶ౶
֮ǰһĻ̫Ρ
ʱˣԼšεǣԼҲᣬҪָҪһʱ䡣
Һã֮ǰõ̹裬Ƽʱùһ㣬Ԫһ㣬ԼһЩ
˿õˣҪٻָֻ̹ܶˡ
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⣿
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˵˵Ĳȱ߲ȱĽϣȻȻߣ˵֮µһڣΪ
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Ҫɷ뱾ԪҪָ֪ҪãοҪˣʱ佫
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հհգеʧǱεǿ˷ѵʱҲ޷汾뿪˵أָƣָɺ󣬾ʱջҵ󷨣ȡ
֮ǰ̫ʱƣ̫˴˵С󷨵֮һ֮û
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Ȳ˵о󷨶̫Ϊкô
ο̫뵽ʱڴ޾£̫Ĵʱϳûջ
˵Լջ˽һЩΪ֪ܡ
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磿ʱճӵʱ֪Щܣ
磿
ԣ̫Ҫⷽ
̫¶ĺ󣬿ʼһָһ


235 裨ϣ
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ΨĴ֪
ûѾ޾飬Ҫ޾Ƿ
ɽԪɵĺͷ컯ĲƬ
ǹΪ޵ٿʼ𣿡
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ԪһıϣѾĵԴ
ȻԼܲٿأǾ̫˵ģӦǺ£ֻҪһѡ
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컯ݣȻֻǲǴԴ
ʾԼϲڡ
ɵǣϵڱôı󶨻иɵĵط

δλҪһ̣ʼڴͳˡ
ҲںܾǰͲµļƻ

ֹ˽ꡭ
Ȼ򵽣ֻҪɱ޾ܵõĴ衣
ޱȿ£
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֪£
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˵ûѾã֮ǰ̫𼸴δûг׵޲T˺ҲιȻûȴ֮ԸհԶ֮ǿ󣬾ΪǿþԶ
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ģĵطĳ洦ɼڵõָ󣬺ʷϣŽһγˡ
̫˵һڿǰջǰû˻Όܡ
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޲TԽԽˡ
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ħ֮޲TħͳεĻʳ
εĹޣħʳûһ˿ԥ֮ǰܶ˱޲TȺ޿ս
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հԶҵΪأ涨Ӯңף桭
ħʳʼΪ޲Tףˡ
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ޱ۹͵ʱ̫޲TЩӦջ
Ͼֻ̫࣬أ޲TǲҪĹ
˱ضӮҡ
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Ѿ޺Ҳɢʳ˺ǵ˱Ҫʱ

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236 裨У
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ԴǷ̫磬˽ҵĶˡ
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ˣϺԴҲ޵;
ңԶһŷɽĮһУƺΪ
Ϻ龭ἰ˶ɽˡ

˺ǧ䡣
Ķˣʼ򱱷ϡ
޵ĴӪϿκεı仯ֻܴһͿˡ
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ʦ߰ɣȥˡ
ϵ̾ϢˣϵǽʶƴΪ֮߰ɣǱϵ֮н𣡡
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ĪҪȰˣȥɣ

ɪսͷŭ޵ķͺıߣһ衣
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峤ʧذˣޱűľ棬ҵȿˣҵȱ³ͷˡ
֣峤ҵȵȷͷԣһ¾ͺˣ͸Ҫˣ֮ǰǰ׬ȡ¡ڲŷ֣ҵһԸսҵˡ

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峤һЦ
䣡һĩյһ
ǧ󡭡
壬ս
ǰǿֻССֵһϴ˿̲Ǿʤʱ̡



237 裨£
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޻ʳ棬žŴԼǧ߲սˡ
û˭˭ԣûнС
˫ųĬȴеж˽սС
ʱǵĴսǾʤĶԾ
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ޱĴ޾ʬҰʱ޵ַֻʣΪĸڽս
磿
һΪе޲T˽Ľսе;ƿݵĸо
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û뵽޻˵ıңûһսģ˼;ƿݵʱԱ
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ʼܱ⣬Žս˫޲ϵΪȺΪ˱ǧ֮ǰĺҲս
ŵ˴ʱľ档
˲֮ǰ̫𼸴δѹʵ»ҡ
Ϊֻ޻޿пˣû뵽ݵ͸߲㣬Ȼ˲֪Уչʵ
ɼ󷨣ǳǵ֪
ϲֶΣǼʶ˲пᡣ
֮ǰ̫֮˻ָʵĵ֮Լһ֮¡
»ס
װݵ̫ң鶼ʧɣˡ
ͻһ̾Ϣ

һʧأ壬һʧء
ͨһʼбԽԽ࣬Ҳۻˡ
ۻһĳ̶ȣĻܱʵսɣûбİ취
пĴսű˾޴ǣοЦˣǽϣ
ڳޣۿĲ̫أսˣֻҪʤ˾ͺãʧɱ⣡

뿴ʵǣսһϴϴƣһʵĴչ֡
֣ǿ壬ȷС

ȻҲڵѪսѾ뵽ԼҪĵһӣоսı䱻ڻˡ
ʵû⣬ǿǹϵġڶҲûʵԤϵĲࡣ
Ψʵе㲻ܡ
ҲϷ壬Ҵǰ֧Ԯ̫̫Ĵܴ
ǴΣջһΡ
Ҫã̫Ĵ˹ƽģģ
屾͸ֺ̫ܶ࣬ĴȴûޣǺͺü۵Ǵ˺
ȻԽǸ֣Խ࣬ǡ߲ȫʶǵջ
̫ҽһεĸԶǽɡɿԱġ
Σ
ʵչֳ󣬷е㵣ġ
壿Ȼѣ
¾̫ϲ
Ѱˣ

˶ףʱˡ
ƴӵӣȥȥЩٻε̹Ѫδˡ
ȻΪġ
ˣӴ˿̿ʼ㲻Ϊˡ


238 ϣ
λѣʱָʱ
ֵ޲Tڿˣս棬ռκεơ
֮ǰںȴܵĺ£ƿ˾ŴɵĻ󷨡
Ŵȥʣĸ£еĵеô
ΣĴǻ
汻Ϊ类ò¯ѹ軱Ϊ걻ǬѹǬڡ
ʱսɵĴǣһ޲TĶûУ޲Tеơ
޲T𣿡
ͷɢ棬ȥǱֻ˫Ѫ죬ɢǽ겻ͣսɵġ
˵ޣ˽ڣֻʣԼˡ
ֻص˿̣ͱ˾ˣҲ豯ˣ˿ΨһĿľ
ݺ޾£Ų¶̹ŵĳޣ˵̹ųޡ
ҰĲɣ˿;ƿһпкοء
˿޾ġ
ߣ޲TһȱضҪ̭ͬھ룡
˭ɳ棬ʴ˿̵ĩ·ǵҲбʴ˿̵һ죬ᾭģ
ЦţϵĶûͣ¡
޲TĻ˵ֻȫмܡ
һܣǿýζ޲Tѡ

λҵȲ𣿡Ǭʵ
ߣȱСˣͬھõĹ·Ⱥαس֣ϵ֡
ֻǬ˵꣬޲TгĲϵֱӷˡ
޲TǿɶЩĴսֹ򡣡
ƣ޲TѾħˡ

޲TȻÿһͬ飬ʵ벻
֮ǰΪˣΪ˸ֹޣʱ޲TǷġ
˿ֳ̻ˣˡ
ˣ
޲Tŭ¾лᣬԹߣһŹ
ҪصֶΣ˿̲ʩչˡ
ֻϺȻ˾ҵı仯޲T֮ǰĺһ㣬ֻһ컯Ƭͷϡ
˵ʥ⣬һʱԹ߱ɱԴסˡ
䣡
ʱ䣬޲Tǻᱣ
߱ǹһƿķ˳ɻǹ˹
ã
ǣ
λܳԾˣģǼ˺汻˹ԭ
û뵽޲TҲУǳԾ
ѡѸһתֹƺѯʣҲƺѡ
ȻԾû뵽޲TҲ컯
֮ǰ̫У̫ԼѰģָõ
ԼѰ컯ģΨ̫һˣǱָõģǾͲˡ
٣컯ĲƬԽԽء
޲TҲУ𾪿֪
˲ʶװһЦ˳㻹
νԲƣ֮ǰֻϵ˵˭õ˭õȻ޻̸֮޲TҲ컯ƬɽᣬǺǣ
ò˵ܴܻʱ
ǱѲ⣬Լ컯
Ȼ
һ˵ܶܿıˡ
֮ǰֻǾ仰ŵòᣬƺˡ
ߣһߣû뵽ˡ

棬޲T˲ˣɻǹ
ֻĻˣȻ޷ˣǾ׳һɡ
ɺϷˣ
ֻ֮ǰֻһȻܿƵ֮ԴĿɿڴ䣬һʧʡ
һݼıԴһԲģ˲޲T֮ԪС
ʱʱһ
鶼ۻҵı仯סˡ
޲Tõ䴫кͱԴɲǣѸٵħ󣬲˿


֪޲TõʲôֻЦ˺͵Ͽʼ任һֱȱȫԲصı仯λܶ
ֻǸо˲޲Tˣøˡ
˿̣
¡¡
ʱյߵ
ޣչںŬˣиУһϯԼսս
ۣ
һ֮ХԹմȾıǱϴһ顣
ϿʼۣٻʼԱѪͱԴʼֻΪĺ飬ֻĿʼѣҪǺͻλ֪á
˵أҴĺȴǵõ˺ô£ָĲǱ˵ͱԴ
һΣ˸˳ƺ
ϣ
ϣ

ݺƣʾŴҪȥˡ
ƿ߻һλ˵ĸ벻ö֪еѰζ
˾Ÿ۴޵ĴܣοҲ
οԼƿءǣ֪οԼȳߡ
Ҫˣ˿ԼΪҲˣ̫ˣа


ʱ
ֻ򻯳磬УĹ£Ŵ˵ض


239 㷽ҵ̨
޵飬ٶ£ֻǶٶѡ
Ԥϵķˣֻ޲TõĹ£һ࣬ǿ档
չºĽĿ޲T˿̵޲T緢
оԼչĸо
ԣȻ˺ˣкûдѸٵ뿪˴˵ء
һջ̫ˣıԴ壬˵õɻǹͺڰĻ鱦
ⱾԴգջ
֮ǰ̫ݵ˺һʱ䣬޲T¸һʱ䡣
ȻɱνӮҡ

˻ºҲ뿪˴˵أҪչһ¡
ҰĽҪҲҪжˡ

ʱջ֮ص̫
Ȼһɾ޴Ĺ
̫һ㶣˺ľϲ
̫ʱˣԼ˺ҪָֽҪڶҪµʱ
û뵽˵ˡ
õ£޲Tһࡣ
̫δѹޣɱ޻ħĲҲࡣ
ȫѹðЩ۵ڶڶ컯壬˵ǰҲ˵ĳ֣ϡ
̫˵ѵõ£ڶ
Ҫʱ²̫ģپͿ
ʱõھڣõڶ߳ʱ󷨡
ԼͿȫȫƽˡ
Ѿˣ򲻻ή˹£һ¼ȴûϣʵź
̫̾
½ö룬̫еԵɡ
䲻֪սΣһظı˺ܶɣ̫
һĴڣȷı˺ܶࡣ
һͬھľ档
ˣʱˣ۷˵컯ΪǺڴġ
̫ѵõ£ѸٵĴǵڶС
ֻΪ컯ƬĵڶʼѸٵĳɳ
Ͽʼתֳ̫ԪǣҲ׳󡭡

磬ٵĴˣԵøɪ
һ㣬ػʳ޲Tɢѡ
һͬľٶʼɢʳ
һ޴ʱ
ӿĽɢҪ
ʧأ˺û壬һʼ֮á
ʱ˹֮ǰǴѹ壬˿𣬴ɢɢ޳ΣյĴڡ
̫ù۷ʱ̣ȻоԼ˵ӡ
һ㣬ô£
Ǵɢ𣬶ǹϵ֮ʣʶֿʼˣ
̫оƵƵš
ǰʱΣյˣЩʱɵ
룿ʱ£ӣŶѺô׬ˡ
Һñ޾ǿˣͻᵼ±ϣһ˻ޱȵ鷳ǲ⡣ӣǻָƣƽ󷨶ҪҪȱԤƵʱҪ٣Ǻ¡
̫֮ǰãҪϻָƣ˺ƽ󷨣Ҫһٵʱ䡣
˿ƺôˣپܸ㶨һС
ȻֻԤƣʱ仹Ҫһж
ֻҪͺðˣ󣬾Ϳ̫磬Ҳްˡ

ǽԪϺ
֮ǰٵʧϺ黺˹
߽⣬֮ܶǰ飬Ϊ˱鷳Ϻ֮ء

һֱϺ֮ǰɼڿˡ
ֻ޳ڵĸ֣̤Ϻ
ǰڣӵپͱӻ˵أ޾ˣı仯ΨϺ
ˣҵȾȻʼѹˣ˵ҲЦ
ǱȻģҪ˺춨޳涼鷳õѡ񣬸ο
ǵֵοѾﵽԼҪˣˡʵȵȶ㹻ˣҲóˣռŴ˺ԴҲɣ
ȷʵҵ޹ˡ
ƣ

ϺʵһֱʱŴĽɢǱԵܶ׷󰲶ĸ֣׷Ϻ
еľʹеĹͽʼеҰңڡ
̫ѹǴﲻҷҲƻء
ϸ˵ʵӦиϺ
ģ
ϺģҪ޾Ŀſɵ
·̣ͻһͷϾ̫ˡ
ʣµһģоųɻ;У;ȡϺ뷨ġ
ԣܵϺĶǸ֣߼˵ġ


240 
ʱ䣬Ҫˣʦûл
̫ʧС֮ǰʮ飬˿ֻвʮˡ
̫ңȻʧεڶһܴ
һɫļﵽ˲ɵĲΣΪ͵顣
λӣԼ𡢪ݡڤ˾ۼһ
һθֵʱ̡
һδ֣ĵĽҪһΣһ
֮ǰǴΣ̫ˣһ̫Ȼûйλел
ʦ޶û֣οˣǰʦͺá
ǣȥңɣ̫ڸǣĲø֮ء
ţ
һһ󣬴̫ƺƵңȴĳ
Ϻ
Ķһ֮ǰֳһʱĺĸƽ׼ŵ֣򾳽ͷ
һڴеݡ
ۿ֣ͻֲУϾֻǧѷꡣ
ǺȻ֣չӲˡ

󡭡
Ĳ취֣γһȦһȦĹ⻷
֮ʵʵʮоţܱߵ֣дСǧ
Ԥʾʮоţǧʮŵݱ䡣
Ȼǧ޾
ǧۺϵĳֻ֣ǧֻ˵ǧһַָ
ʢǧ꣬ڸе飬һ˿ĸŴӷۣ˺γɵ֡
ǵĳ֣Ҳÿ;
̫ԪӲԪ飬Ԫļޣǵֵ۹̡
д˺ƿط뷨򣬺ͷһ󣬾Ƿ۵ֵʱ̡
Ļܣǧۡ
ͨ۳ɵ֣Ҳһֵĳ֣ߵۣ߾ǧԭյ㡣
ʶǧ֣ԲΪʮ
֮ǰһǣΪһʴʮоţȺϵ֮Բʮ
ԲʮԲ
˺̫ﵽ֮磬Ҳʮֵĳ֡
飬ϸ˵һߵǵĲ⣬ĲԪ飬ʵһ˿
һ˿޿ܡ
ˣֵĳ֣֮ǰ嫵Ĵ˵ֶԺø
ʺϻе飬Ժ˵̫£Ҳֻ̫Ϊˣʵ
ңʱʱǿ󣬸ʶԴǳ
ʱĺģѾ٣ĸҲ˻˥
֣ʺǸĳ֡
ʱ´һγ֣ҲȲϴ˿̺ջĶࡣ
ԭ
εֵĳ֣ʵֱԴģͬε顣
һεָ֣Դʱ˵޷ҲҪޡ
ǧĳ֣ƾ˻Ե
֮ǰٵĺģҲֵĳֲ֣Բ
˵һηٵĿʼΪ
ң󽫻ƿغģĲ֮ǰˣδʱ
Ѿˡ
Ϊߣ޲֣
һľʼǿӶ
һڤڤеʼ֩һϺ
һε˵ָʼٹ̣
߻֣ᷢڲģˣ֮ǰݣǾֺ;鱦ڸǡ
ʱֻҪΪػӴߣͿƾػ֮棬
ǰǲģڣڵػĸ֣ˡ
޺컨ߣǾ޴ǹغ󣬻
̽鶼̽鲻ᱻ󵼡
߸ף졢ءϣֱӿ
ֻڣֻңԲȴֱϡƲһԱ֪
ʼڣƿʱһԷԴݣݣ
ΪĲΣԪһˣȻһлԭ

⻹ֶһЩ仯
ı仯ˣױڸˡ
˾ŵģԤʾ⣬Ҫˣˣֵ֮ˡ
̫ˣԪнӴȻʱ
ûߣˣ
ȻҲ˵ֱӲˣϾ޴ڡ
ֻ˵˺ֹʮҪƿڸǲܸ
ԺĴһµ˵ֱûпˡ
Ǵ޸ߣܼ
ĺܴ󣬻Ҫ߸Ѷȡ
ʴˣú𾪵ġ
Һã
Ըˣ֣ʽƿغģԸˡ
Ҹȴ׶ˡ
˵˵Ƕ͸ԣ
û͸ɾͲˣǺѡ
ͬƷӵйɿѭֻҪҵɾܿٽ
ԣҲ˴˺ֹӿԭ
ظ˸ûйɿѭֻйҲûá
ͬһЩϸ֣ҵĹɣ˳Źɸ򣬾ܿٽ
ˣ˺ĹԽԽ࣬ʵˡˡ
̫һô䣬벻еĳأġʱһ

ĸıͳ֣ĸı䣬㣿
ֻǺд㡣ĸı֮࣬ǰ˵ˡȳ֡
ңֵָǧ꣬û֪ǣһЩĴ衣
磺ȵ̫ϣƷ鱦ͼˣΪŵۿȥ
һƷ鱦ӡ˻ӣ򶫻̫һ
ɽ
ֱ壬̹Ŵеͨĸ򣬻и֮Ĵ衣
Ѫһںɫ̨ѪУԪ˫ƵڤӣֻһɫĴ죬ڤ졿ˡ

Ƕ̫һڤ棬ĻӺԪˮ춼̫ȡˡ
ĴȻУֻǱˡӡ͡ڤ졿


241 Ľף
ֵĳǧʱ䡣
ǧ꣬Ϊ˸Ҳı˺һֱĹɡ
Щ˵е޴Ӧĸо
ʧˣˣˣˣƿҲˡ
ڵٻζ˵ǵĸıܾ޴ֱ̭ĸо
ڵٻε˵ǵĸıνش󡣱ûеٴܵĵ̣ĳֲֲ㡣
ǶԵ⣬
ĳȷ˺ģĳ־ܺѣѣҲǿ
ͬĳַˣйɿѭˣ˲ܳѡ
ۺǶǿߵ䣬СߵĲ㡣
֮㣬˵ˡ
ѡǿ
ʱ٣ǿĸ£ֻܻرܡ
ȻνӰĸ֣ǿĸ֡
̫ü񷡢Щˣû̫ı仯
ǲǻԪɣǴµҲ᲻ú׻ԪȻԪӴʴӰС
δ֮ǰľˡ
ֻܿԽֱ
˵ǣʧĺ
õǣӼ򵥡
ʧȥǣ޷

֮ĳ֣ı˺Ľ
ϸ۲ֻ֣ᷢصԭĹ켣
֮ǰ̫Ѿı˺ܶ࣬ĳ˸ﶫʡԪӵȵĸı䣬һճ
齫ߣ̹εľ档
֮ǰ飬е˴̹Ŵ
Ϊ˸ı䣬ֻܲϵ̹ŵĹף͹ߡ
£̹Ȼ˵Уľηжıˡ
ڣϡδ
̫ġһţҲηֻˡ
ĻԻͺʷıһҲΪܺʹ˵
޴սľ޴٣߲ǡʱ˸ı䡣
öãֻҪԪᣬ̫ü񷡢޲TˣΪ˵
٣Ҳᱻڸǣ֮ѹ֪һѡ

ǧƿغġ
ճֵĶͣҲʧˡ
޵ʧϴ˴εֳֵջ񣬺Ľһʱ䣬˺ƽһʱ䡣
˿ڣջ񡭡
ʱջ֮ص̫
һܵĳһЩе顣
̫ڼⱾ˻׬أ
ԭڼ䡣
Ϊֵܷĳ֣Ǻ̫к
ִкʽ⣬̫ڤڤеĸӦ
ʽ̫սƻ
˺ĶԻҶԻķʽ棬ȫݺ͸
ա
˻׬ˣ˱ĵȴЩ²ѱҪƻ򣬵˱õʹ̫
úõ۷ȻҪһЩĪϢ
̫һ󣬲׳ʽҪ
ò˵Ѿȫݺָ
̫ڷˣȻǳʽĹ򣬲һǻۡ
ʼĸǣڶ˲ܵгͻ
̫ǿӲ˵ģԵɺϵγɣ㲻˵ʲôʲôοԶˣԼķܳԽҲ
ݵͬͬ⣬ǿԡԼһЩ絤һЩľ顣
̫һ׼ʶ˲¡
˺ָ˵컯̫Υͣ컯ȡ⣬㶼ȡˣ춨֮ôȡϺ
̫ƺҲǣ컯Ľϣһ鱦ȷе㲻չ
ÿ鱦ĵԺûôкϾ̫֮Ŀ³زˡ
գ̫ʾԼоĵãᾡֲĲΪա
ĻشǣῪűԴ̫ȥ򣬸лԺĵĹףΣҲϣ̫վһ£Ȼÿζв
գ̫һϵе顣
̫Լĵʧأ

Ҳû׬û⣬ջҲСڸֻǿһ¶ѡ
̫Ӧ׬ˡ
磬´裬ڶĸˣԼҲָĸ죡
뵽̫ܸˡ
ʼͨĽ׹£ȫѺþ


242 ꣡
ʱ仺ţ޾ʡ
һԪ󣬺Ľʼˡ
֮ǰռ죬º鲻档˺ǴսϣеɷϮţԴ
޸󣬱Ŀʼµ顣
ڶȺҲʼĿͶ򱱷һ޴֮أȻǸĶ
Ϊ󶥼Ⱥ֮һȴʼյ̺ʵС˵壬жˣٵռ˴Ƭĺı֮ء
˵ȻвޣѾɲĥĶ
֮ǰʧ޴壬ϳűĴضȥ
Ȼսһɱ⡣
ȻĿǰССֵᣬʽ壬ʼ任뷨
ˣбҪǲٳˣʴǵĹ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ̹Ѫŵ뷨ʼӡ
ɢ޳һȺ塣
Ǳ
ڴɢµĵ̣Ҳʼˡ
֮ǰĴռĵ̣ȫǾ֮أ֮أȺ
⣿֮ǰ˿ҲˣĿǰĺģǧȺͲˣ֮ǰһٵӰ졣

ںϺ
ֻһ˶ޱȵľ޹꣬Ϻ˵غڡ
һ죬ֻ¶ľ޹Ȼһ
Ԫеˡ
˭ꣿ
ô᣿ܣ
⡭
һ־Ǿ޴꿪ʼ㵸Ķ
ڴԵʣһƾ
ԭ̫ʱսʱ컯ʱ̡ʱıԴ̫ԪĸߵĴڣʱգȥһδ֪硣
˺ʱ̫Ԫʱ컯Բ˳㻹ꡣ
걾ǲܴںĵģɱһֻ꣬Ϊ˺ġ
ǰģڸһŮĹУУ˺Ͳˣ
⣬̫˼ˣȻǺģ
үڶ𣿾ȻԽˣ
Ǵߣ̫Ҳ繷ĺģ
һʱ䣬꣨ˣһʱ䲻֪ø
ֱʮ˼Һ
ڽʵ
ҿǰС˵ö࣬ǺС˵ö࣬ҲνǣעҪɾһҵӶߵĵ·
ʵǸǰĺܶྭ飬ʼˡ
ǣ
ȵȣ꣬Ϻ
Ȼˡ
ҪûǴĻǸ磬úôں㣬Ϊ޴󣬺սɽײϣԼ֫ͨʥն£˳ĸ
ٷһҪı֣ÿǶţĴڣһҪı䣿
뵽
ˣǲҪʹģ˵ҴӴ겻
ǵãôдģ
һᣬҲûеĴ֮ɶģΪ˰ȫ룬֣صĵϣӴûֻкϺ꣡

ݣҾ֪ƭ˵ģܴԽǻҪģҪңڴԽĿʼˣǻҪģƭˣ
귢ĺ󣬷֮ǰʲôڻʲôһı䶼ûУˣҲˡ
ƺⲻӦеֹˣˣȿܻܲΣǵһûǻֻۣܱԲ˺Ļ£αˡ
ǻֻۣҪİ취ܻΣɡˡ󣬾ܸıܶ࣬˳ʦðݺΪʦӮҰˡ
Ҫʲôʱ򣿼ǵúúò磬ԽԽãԽԽ󡭡

һ˼ǰļ俪ʼԼȷдк޽ɵʱˡ
ҵĸźȴܲ࣬Ҳ޵ĲΣֻҪȺ˵һӣҲܻʥ˵

󡭡
ҿһȻдУôôѣҵôʱˣȻܺͱ峹׵ںϣ
ⶼһˣҲ֪ķչˣǵÿС˵ļͽչˣ
Ȼˣ֮ǳġ
Ϊʮ;һأ
ԣżˡ
ǽ꣬Ľʵ
ûôףʱޱȵͬΪҲɡɡɡɡޣһﵽˣġ
ˣдҲԼΪӦúܲ򵥣ҪסԽżԽС
Щ꣬ʼһһӡĥ磬˳㾡绯Ρ


243 裡
ںϷɽ
ʼڴ˵ĵһӡ
ֻһɢŽɫľ޵תĪ⡣
ڵУȴֿ˻
ǰլŮһöһεʱĹУȻ˸
ԼһѹѾһеĽˡ
֮̾档
ҾȻʼ˵ĵһŮʹĽ㣿⣿
񻰶һլŮ˵ҲϲһС˵
û뵽ԼȻҲдԽһ졣
ҳԺյݣ֪
լŮĴûѶʱˣĽݡ
̽ţͷԼʼ˼̵ļν̸һʶ
֣ԼĴж˺ܶഫк͵
ԼʵҲڻѾɵĲΣݴеֻ֪ҪԼ벻ɵʱ̣ƿǶʱ̡
죡
ʣĸˣ
ʼ˺ԼδŮ۰㣬ÿŮ顣
˵ԺʺĸΪѾϰΪˣúܺ档
ʼ˺ͷҲ۰
Ů
ϻοЦ
û뵽ԼŮôһǣͳƺԼΪʣƺΪĸܸˡ
һ֮棬ǡʡƺǲġ
һ޻ֻλȻѾˡһ̫֮أԽ
ŮԼΪȻˡ
裬ƺ׾Сʼ˿Ϊֵƺĸ׾Ϳɣʡƺ׽С
Ϊʲôĸ󣬸ʣ
費˵룺òˣһ֮ǷһĹ
ȴԽŮӣҪֹѪĹǿˣô˵ҲǸܷᡣ
𣿡ʼеԥ
ȿȣˣԶԷ˵˵ϾΪҷһĴ󣬶ʲô֪
ƣΪŮʼվԼǹôоͲԼ
һҪĺΪѣɶܺ
ðɣĸ׾˵˵ʼĸһµǣ˵
ʵĳƺƺ֮ǰ޻ֻأ˻ԹͱԴ߹ʶƺΪʣȻǰѾ޲Tɱˡ
ȵȣĸ˵ħ޲Tˡǰ
ʼջйǣһǼٵġ
Ϥĺ޲T֮ˣҲˡ
ǵ÷һУ޲Tƣ򲻴һͻʹʣ档
ʼ˸һѹɽ˺ܳ֡
뵽һĽ֣е㵣ġ
Һã࣬Լˣָܸı䣬ú¡
Ȼк޲Tħ棬λǰˣ֪𣿡
֪֪ĸԵȻ֪޲TһδΪħӴ˲棬һǺϵΪ棬µӶʥˣܲ⡣
ңýһҪһˣúͺϹϵǷһ͸ˡ

ʵĻһʣ干ĻߣȻ⣬λĴڣǸɡ㸸ײΡ
⻰˵꣬費ˡ
ĸ˵ǵʲôˣôôԵƺǸʾˡ
ѵ˵Ĳһ
ֻʼ˵Ȼ̫˿ٵصڶ飬Ǻĵһˣ˺桢üֿ֮ѣλҲǺΪߵ⡭
ʼһ轲̫ķṦΰǾ
һ뷨ѵҲǴԽģ
ǲ԰趨԰
æʣĸ󣬳˺棬޲Tħ桢üɡ桢ֻصȴܣĸ𣿡
˵ٻεİɣܶ࣬桢̫޼Уơ졢ߵ
ʼ˸˵һ¡
˿ĵԭҲǿٵسҲˣû´˵ǺôඥֶˣʣԼˣȻֵĴȣҪǺΪͽͺˣҲ֪ϲʲôŮˣѽŸ
ǣҲһ£ǺĺԼǰĲһ
Ͼĸ׵ĽоóޱȵģǺԼо޴ĳ롣
ԼҪСһ㣬Լ
ǣ
ڷ治ҳƻûҪʲô̫𣬷ҪƻôΣ
ֻҪ׼УǲӮҡ
⣬Ҳ˽ˣ廹û𣬲Լ֪ͷʱڡ
˵Լĺ磬һɾҲ
滹ûʥأúܡ
ʼˣƺԼ֪ڤӡԪӡʮס塢ˡŮ洡ȶûأԼࡣ
˵Լɷʼ棬Ҳ˵
뵽ԼΪŮһĴڣЦˣǰ;ޱȵĹ
սԼĴڣ޲Tġ
ߺߣ޲TȻĴ񣬵Ǳóѵģһڱŷһưġ


244 컯ˣ
̫֪ǣʱһѪƴĿĴڡ
֮ǰ˻ԣԪԣȥڡδԵɲǣʱ̺ʱԴ£صԭ㣬Ҳԭ㡣
˵ȥҲã˵Ҳã˵δҲա
ʵⶼȥڣδһƽ߶ѡ
ȻԤ벻ǣ幫Ѿ˿пעҪ군Ĵڡ
ǹһ˼뱧Ĵȡ

ʱţԪš
̫ĵڶˣԤڵĶ໨һʱ䡣
ߺһߵĴڣʶʱޱȵ
Ҳ˵ϸϵ֮ڶֻǼ̳ߵļ֧ѡ
ǿ컯֮֮
̫ϲ컯翣ʽǣѵõĴ
̫Դ˺ܿء

죡
Ʒɻα컯
߷壬Դһң

ֻǵڶһԣ磬˸
ֻһϵӣһɫۣ޴£Ű壬ְֳ̣Ԫн̫֮Ǵ
ƶ컯ˣ𡣡
̫һ㶣һڤڤԱĸ򣬷һˣȴ˼֡
ԼŵλȴȥܹŰࡣ
ĵйء
ڶдԲʵԼһ˻Ԫɳڶľ硣
ҪףΪԼķԵʣֻҪͿɣԼƼ
컯컯Ȼ
̫ЦóƺأǷ
һ壬ңҾ㣬ֲͬıֶѣαؾ᣿
Ǿᣬʵ˾֣ԼԼ˵컯㲻𣿡̫
Ǻǣ֮Ȼƶ֮Ȼͬ컯컯ƽ⣬ƽⷽƶ֮ƽ⣬翣ɲ֣أɲģ֮޾ƶ֮ƽҲ
Ҳǣ̫߳˾ᡣ
ȻһԼԽܣһ̽Ŀ
֮ȷǲ컯컯԰
̫µ컯ƬԭȻа鱦ǼƷ컯̡
̫ãԼƺ컯Ƿֲˡ
֮ǰõ컯˺ܶ컯鱦
ڵãԼĵڶҲ컯ˡ
ãмʺϵ鱦Ҫ㡣ֻ̫ٳˣ컯Ԫ컯鱦
֮ǰ컯ԼҲ鱦鵤á
ǵ˵ڶֶ̫ηȫᣬΪ컯Ĺϵǳʤ
ϸ˵˵൱̫컯Ҳᡣ
̫ΨһɸƵģԪıԴ
ʱ֮ǰ̫ǱԴûһΡ̫޵Ҳ̫ľС
ɷָƵģʣģ̫͵ڶȫᡣ
컯ԭ棬컯̫
û취˼ģȲˡ
ͺñ̫󷨵һ˵ǳһеģйͨ˵һС֧
ԣһ컯ǱȲ̫ģһӶܡ
ǾͲһˡ
ڶ컯鱦鱦ĵط
̫Ƶ鱦۹ͷ֮ڡ
ͲһˣǡֱӸˡ
ںģ졢ءڤ顣
ڤд֣дλֱ군ɱ˲ѽͣǿ˹
̫Ψһǿ鱦ֻоҲǾһġ
⣬ܱȽϣûӱȽϣڿ
ʶ̫鱦࣬һѡ
ˣ̫컯컯ԼҪã
컯Ҳ컯֮ʺ컯ˡ
̫е棬˵컯ĲƬӦø˲ǣΪ컯Ϊأ
˵컯ϸ˵ڴҲ˵ġ
ߣ컯֮
ܺ棬˲ȱô֮أ
ܼ򵥣һˣбӵɣǸӣ±ں
̫˵ͷ˵ֵ컯Ϊ졯͡һһ⡮졯Ǵˣʴߺʹ߶컯֮ϣ컯Ҳ߹֧֮϶Ϊ컯ֿ
ţ̫ĵ˵ͷ
ԭ컯ݾ


245 һķ
أ̫ʣ
ǹǿʼǽûûйּͬңۺϣǰעӦǰ򣬺ͬҲǸҲջ񣬶ƽ⡭ΪΣ
˻
̫ƺͷԻʵҲ˵ڶĺô۵ѡ
дҲǷĺô֮һ

˵꣬ã컯ʺҪͷѳ̫磬ںͱһ
Ǻǣһ壬컯ˣӹ̫컯컯Ԫ
֪Լʹ컯Ĺϵϲ̫һĴ
ʺĻ컯֮Լ·
⣬컯ԪˣһֱһǶ˽ľˮ׵ռ䡣֮ǰ뷨ȥɽŲƣ׻Ԫҿ˾Ŵ򣬵ԲҲûϣһ
̫֪ģ컯˼ȫ֪
Ȼ̫˵ʲô˼
컯˵뷨ܺãƶһģⱾľŲռ䣬ƶҲɼĥϱ󷨣ӦЧá
ǺǣˣԼŪͺá̫Ļӻ֡
Լڶļ󷨲ģܸģǿ硣
һ̸̫óὣ
Ϊ׼һ鱦ģȻ컯̣طѾްˡ컯ԪķΪвĲˡҲãὣҲһɣǹ
ְ̫ὣ컯ˡ
ⶼ֮ǰΪ׼ġ
һ컯Ҳ̫鱦ڶ࣬ὣȫǿп޵Ķ
ְ̫ѺйصĻȪҲ컯ˣ˴죬Դ̹Ųл꽻̫̫һֱûùе˷ѵĸо
ô˵ҲǶ鱦
Ԫˮ̫ˣԪˮѾ̫ܶ󷨵죬̫˵ãʶûн컯ˡ
컯з컯̡컯컯ԪӦûˡ
ҲὣȪ컯̣Ҳǹһˡ
İ鱦컯̣ܷСܹ
ò˵컯ҲڶļƷ鱦ˡ
һ̫컯˽ӡ
ѳȥֻҪ̫Ϳɣ籾ƣʱǵھڣʱϵĻһĩսͳκĵʱ򡭡˺Ѹʢת˥屻޲Tơ
̫Լ֪ĸ컯ˡ
Ȼ컯˵컯һ̫Ƿĵģֻ컯Ʊˣƺܼѡ
ֵ̫ĲµĲϺ̫磬һЩ֮ǰӻ壬ǺȺҪϣѳ汣һ¡
ģƶȫ컯˻ش
ţЩˡѻҪעһ޲Tˣµѡһ̾Ͳܴɱˣ֮ǰûǲܣֻǳںѡԣҪҹ㣬ǾͺݺݽѵǿôʾԣȥҪǣãֻҪ˭Źû¹ٵغҲһҲˣѹƺͲٿأ㲻Ҫ£Ѿͱй

ܵһȻֻҪһ˼Ϳˡ
̫ϲ÷Լһ壬ǲͬˣֻԼƿ֮£Լƿزˣɵһ磺һ壬ͨ𲻶˵ˣԼ̽ͺá
̫ϲ˵һºá
Ȼ컯ƽҲϲѡһ໥̸һΪá
˸ͬĸ壬ֻζѡ

Ҫʱƽ󷨣컯ʵ
̫һ̾ʱ򵥰ȫǻԪ޵ľ磬ǻԪɺΪõ󷨣Ҫ󷨣Ҫܳʱ䣬һٽʱ̣ƿ
ţ컯ûĵ˵ͷʱȻ˲ãǱض򵥣˵ջܴ󡣡

̫ЦΪˡ˷ôʱ䣬Ԥƿ󷨵ʱ򣬿ܾǾ粽Ԫڵʱ˵ҪߣұʱҲӣ˵ջ񡣡
Ȼˣҷſ󷨣ƶȥˡ
ţȥ󣬱Ҳͷˣ˺ר󷨣򾳽硣



246 ɽ٣
컯뿪̫ʼȫ
֮ǰʱ䣬ָƣΪһ
ʱԱ̫һб仯
ʱΪѾﵽԪɵĵزͨڶ󷨣Լҵĸ򣬾Ѿﵽ˻Ԫľ硣
Щ̫ĽһܴˣҲڴ˵زߡ
컯ȥ̫ӵûк֮ˡ

Ԫš
һĺ飬Ѿĳ˴ʱĵ
ǣڸŵ⣬Ѿζ
ںͱ仯
̫ü޲TˣѾٱ֪ˡ
ʱĵǸ峤
Ӧλ棬ǴʱĺĽĶ
ҲǿﵽĵزҲΪĺʵ
ʼˡˣǲǴ˿ҫ۵Ĵܡ
Űٵݱ䣬Ѿ忪ʼ໥̲ʧˡ
Ѿ׵ռ˳㶫رһռˡ
ǽĿģԺˡ
ϷһƿϷȴ壬ֻܹһأ뿪ϳ
仯һ壬һ弸ռ˺Ĵ̣˳㻹צ˱
ǰյ̴Сǿ֮
ǰվشǿ壬
ʵǣȻǿ󣬷ڶ
ɻǣıսԣַ˼ĹغΪúڶܲ⡣
磬ȫû֮ǰɱϣʱķһ˺ֹܶ࣬غͲԣ̫֣ᷢеֳձѵӡ
˳£ƽ⣬ǵжԵ壬һ濴涷ƿƽ⣬һѻѹһ¡
ĺܶ岻⡣
ɷϣһ忴ƵСƿǿʼͬһЩˡ
ڼ֮
˺һ壬Ҳܹעλֵľߡ
Ǵ˺һڼ֮һڼˮ֮
ʱʼìѾʼˣҲʼˡ
ֻһưԣ㶦ƽ״̬˺ܶꡣ
˿̣ûʼӴȻʼˣû˺Ƥ
ڲɽ
Ӫʼĵȴš
ȴŮĳ
ĳ֣ʱε飬Ҫ׽١
λĴڣٵڿʼζˡ
۰ŮѾŮȼƷ鱦
ԿóԷϲ
Ҫģз鱦ϸűԴǿ׽ٲµġ
ϣˣ⺢ӶǷһ̫ҪˣǶСС;Ͱ취Ҫָĳıߡ
Ҳ˭Ѫʼ˽˵
Ǻǡϻο
ȻԼȲԼŮǶһ޶ģһĹľŸ
ȻܸˣŮζʱ򣬸ĵġ

¡
ֻ˽ʮ׽ڿʼˡ
е㵣ģúûҪ
ԼǰǶȲ׽ٱģܣ
ֻɵеȱ֮ۡȷеţʼռԼһܶȹ
٣Ůξ˲ΪöӦ١
˵

ণ
ֻһ磬һԡķˣǷ˻ƣ֮ơ
ȵĻ濾һء
ףǵ׽ԽԽǿϸʸҵļƷ鱦ȹ׽ȫû⣬
ড
˵ķ׽ƺһ㡣
ãΣգ

~~~~ڡ
ֻʮߵ׽ٽ£ķʼľս
һеɵۣҪǸǿ󣬱Դ˵Ѿ군ˡ
ѽã׽飬ƿغ󣬲ƣղŵkҵЦˡеܡ
һʮߵ׽٣ЩĽ
оգĥҲܴ׽ٲǿ飬һĥ
ʮ˵׽ٹ󣬷跢ԼԽԽˣԼıԴҲ
Һãʼ˺ͷ˿
Ҵķ裬ʼ
¡

ʮ׽ٹֻʣһˡ
һȻʮʱ䣬һ򵥣
䣡
һضеһξԼпܱΪ˵ĴԽʿ
ҺãʱʼҲˣҲʼ
ڣ


247 
ণ
һһ

еɢȥһ⣬⿪ʼ塣
һ𣬷ʽ벻ɵĲΣҲǴӴ˿̿ʼʽγɹ
ֻһ޷Ůӻ֡
ǰòֻһ㣬һôõĻᣬȻγģ
ұԴǿʺͷҲ
ȴڣζںǣòе޵УϵСè桢ˡ
ڳˣ
˲ƻˣŮӣ˲ҪȵĲЦеΥ͡
һ㶡
⺢ӣʼҲ
ô˵ǵŮڻγɹˡ
γˡ
°

ȶˣҡҷƮҡʼǰӯӯһݣݼʣݼĸ󣡡
ããã

ʼ˺ͷԱŮǿʼ˲ɶõСްҼıٳĺܶǷġ
֮ǰûƣγԺֵУ˶Ůӵˡ
һһȣΪ˻˺üʱ䡣
һ֣ʼ˺ܲ
Ϊ˼Ǻ棬ⲻ֪һ̫𣬾ܾܵãܴ󡭡
ϲһ͡
ʣܿ˭ҪԶĿ˭ЦǺˣ̫𣿲ˡ
˵ꡣ

ס죡
ʼ˺ﶼŭˣ룬֪̫ж㾹ȻͿ

費ߵķ治׸ʺĸôô־̫ˡ
ȻԼû˵ָǽļ군ˣΨкǲǴã
ĸˣҲ÷ֻþж֤
һȹ̫ĴᵽˣȥϺǰȥҲÿ۽磬Ϻʵ
ݴܾòˣû֪ģǰȥҲһܼ
¼º󱻵֪˵峯ϼסһ˿ڣҲڵ¼ˣͿˡ
ţҲǡʼÿС
ΨһԷۣ׸ʺĸΪôη̫ˡ
ãԼҲȥ̫˾ηʥȻô
֮ǰʱ̫ȻϺ޾£޲Tλܣѹˡ
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Ǿ仰βϲ̨档

壡
ʲôĴˣ˴εĳ𣿡
ǵ峤
üͷ壬λֵܵǾ
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˵ͷҲ磬˵öԡǶǻĹʱģ˲֪Ŀ£ѵȲ֪𣿴Ƽʱ򣬵ѹģοˣ˵Ҳ˺ܴĹǡǡ˵Ļ塢塢塣ϳưԺģǣһ˾壬һǶ֪
ҡֵңЩ֮ܶǰѺõ壬ѾͬˮˣΨһεĳᣬ۵һʢû˸ʱ֣ҲһĻᡣܶȺѾһεĴᣬСĻᣬ岻ֻǿҲСȥˣѺó״
ӦҲǰ磬ţ硢Ρ⥡¡ǾλֶҲ֪ˣ֪ˡ
Ҳͳһһǣһоλֶ˶ǿ
˼ˡ
Ҳã񼸴ʵûнҲû˺ƤȻˣСһҲãǾŸȫȥ棬һкãϺ
İɴ磬ȥмλֶ



248 ̫ʣ
壬Ϣͨޡ
Ҳ֪һϢ
īϋ֡ҲεĴᣬǴһǰȥҲĥһ
峤
һŮī񡢴Ůϋ֡šҲ˽ɵΪ
;ӡ˴ȣͬһΡ
ϵŮεĳᣬΪĲ룬Ȼġ
˺󡭡
ڴȺ׷ɳǵ峤ǰ
ô
һǼĥһǴͷǣ̫µӡ
Ȼ̫޾ˣǾõôпޣ붼һܼ̫οЩС

׽٣ЩҰ״ˣҺðˡ
Ϻһ޷ĵط
ֻһòԼĪʮӣµ̾Ϣ
꣬ҲȻˡ
޾µڲǰζΪﵽ˲ɵĲΡ
ľǱ̬ӻξͽɣǴ˵еĲɣʲôԽòײųǿˣǺţߵλ
ôһ¡
Ǿʱ̫ˣԼеǣʮʹӿ쵽ˡ
ԼⶼʮˣŽɸջΡ
ʱԽ֪
Ҳֵø˵¡
߳˸ı˵ĵһɹˣؽ˿ȥ졣Ӿ֪ԼǣңȻԴ
޵뵽
ûʲô鱦ΨⱾ廯κĹǣܷһ鱦ǹͲˡֹ
뵽ǰļ䣬ûҪѹ
ȸʲôʱ֮ݼȥѰɽذȵȣҪȥһˣֻҪȥһˣҵһض飬ʱʱˡ
˼ˣþ뿪ԼĻ֮ء
⻯֮ϺҪûҪԴûԴνƶ񤡣
ɵҪȥ䡣
ϺƺҲûʲôܣһֱǻ֮أҲͳ˸ȺˣԿóطƶ񤡣˽һ´˿ʲôʱ֮ȥĴ½˵

г̺󣬿ʼ̤ȥĴ½г̡
Ϻôǰ䲻ò˼
ôԼǧˣûһ飿
żûǵޣ͹һܽ鶼ûУ
ѵŪˣǺģôôǧɵû
е
ŶδϣԼݺĵľģȻļС
ǧ󣬼˼飬飡
ˣƶˡ
껳ʵ
ףǸɱ˲գ۵ĵطַ档
ҪǺԼΪһģ߱ԼΪߵҿ
֮ԸҴкΪǰļˣΪҲڣŸǰѯʡ

߳컯ˣһоԾ
ףͱ˵ĲϰôôҪǰϺ˭ļƺûа
컯Ҳˡ
ճһݺ󣬷ֺ̫˵г롣
ѵ𲻳һʱ䣬ķ˾޴ı仯ɣ
˼ˣ컯Բˣ޷Ǳˮڣ˭
ˣˣȻص˵ʱһ۾ˣҲ롣
컯˾Ϻ˵
һ·ϣʶ˴˿̵ĺġ
컯˺̫һԴ̫ȻҲõ
רƽ󷨵̫ʱ䶼Ҳżͣ¸һ
ˣ컯˼ĺݵģ̫ȻҲˡ
ǶԵģҲϣʼˣֻ˿ʹôһλ
̫ˡ
һ󣬷ⳤƺԼԵǣǲ˼顣
ƺĴڣԼ컯һ㡣
ʱô£
̫˼һ鲻򵥣ӦúԼ֮ǰйء
ʶѯʱ̡

һʱմҵĻ棬Ȼ̫ʶУʱ̵ļƬΡ
̫ĿĿеЦá
⣿⣿
Լʲô
ȻǱԺԪԵʣȥδڳһƽСȥǱ𵽻ǰǴ˿̣δƺǹȥĳ֣ڣȥδһƽߣ⡭
޼ûйȥδڵķֱ𡣵ʱȴ
ʱıԴȼգʱεı仯̫㣬ʱȴǳ˲֪Ǻ˻ǿ
˵ҲУ˵ҲС
Ǹ涼ܽͣδһĻԼĹȥ
̫֮ŪԺˡ
ϾֻǻԪɣǵ֮ΣֱԴҲ㲻
棬ǡʱ䱾ԴȼգҲʹٳһĻ
˻˷ƺһģԽԽ˼ˡû˼ԣֻźϵʥ˳û뵽ô⣬Ҫץʱȥܴ

׺̫ڴС
뿴꣬Ĵʲô仯
Ϊߵλ˭вˣߵģ
⵹ãˣԼ꣬ѺŪɺεȱ仯


249 
ô˵Ϻ֣ǰϺ̫𣿡
ǰ
еˣ̫˭ôû˵
ǰ̫ںܾԶˣ֪Ҳ࣬λǰ˵ΣӻϺȴģϺ֮ƽȫǵԵʣ
ֵݴ֮ǰŰ𡢺桢޲T桢üɵˣΡ
ʲô˵ϺĻ죬ԹҲС˺ܶࡣ
һɸ־ȻûԼ֪Ķ࣬ȻҪһ¡
ԭ˰
һֲ֣ԼɲεʿԼʱȻһ㶼£ԭǸνĵ¹أɱ
ǵˡԺĽУƺ̫ȷͬʱڵĺ޲T˶ѹġ
Һãʿ˵ʲôߵᡢĺеȴܡ
ˣ̫ӦҲ󱻺ˣΪǣӮǺ棬̫Q˶á
ҲԣҼ̵ĶʱڣͽķŸȻкܶ಻֪ĴˣһֻҪԼСһͺá
Ҳã˵̫ܿ군ˣȷ˵£ϺСĽõԼ͵Ϯ
̫˵£ð

϶ˣ̫ǸҲˡ
ңϲķ֣տʼʱ
ж̫ˡ
塢Ů洡ˡڤӡۿ̫һԪӡ׶ûأû뵽ôˣô磬ǴҪ𰡣
˵УҵĴǱ˿ȥ졣
ߣˣʲô̫ȥһ߰ɡ

˷ܵĲˣ˼䣬˵嶼̫𣬻ɳǵĶ峤
û뵽Լʢˡ
˵ĺƺҪѸ𰡣Լӡ
ǵǰԴӷһ峯֮󣬴˺󼸴Ҳʼķչľ棬θ⣬峤ˣһ֣Ȼ𣬵ܼ֡
ţͷ
ǴĿʼԼĺ񣬺񡭡
Ȼˣȸǣһˡ
󣬲ҪСĽˣ˼Ϻңȥ
λϺ飡
ޣɸ־Ȼɶ֪涪ˣ
ǣǿƺ˶Ե𲻹ߣĻɫ
ǣǸģƿһһ̫ˡ

ף
ü̾棬Ȼ˷ֲͬĵ̫ѹȻҪǰһ𡣡
컯˸ָ̫ʾ
üͺ룬λǰһ
Լ꣬Ҳô˽һЩΪ֪أͺһЩ仯
ϾüͺĲΣһЩǲ֪ġ
̫ǰһҲɡ
ʴˣ컯˷룬ǰϺһ
ɽ
ֱ˼飬ֱ̫ˡ
ԲԪɺ󣬷ֳʱ䲻ýʶ辶
컯дγһնʬĹ
ֻǻûг׵о
컯˵ĴһУʶʮֵľȣ̫ڶе
Ϻܳʱˣ̫һֱûҪ̫ѡ۵û취

컯˳ɽҲ̫һ
Ȼ˳̽һЩĵı仯Լ֪ĵط
ǰã̫˷һеԽԽ˼ˣüбķ֡
ˣܵ컯˴üͺҲԥң

ңһʱĸ·
컯ڻصϺ
̫ԴͨȻ͹ࡣ
ֻǰѪݣһ
ң󷨺Ȼ˴ˣһǡ
ȴһޱϤĸоòôһ
ˣе࣬ŭ
㡭⡭
ޱȵϤêݵȴҳϣֱᵽ㡣
컯ˣ˱̫֮ͬһԴᵱɱͿɣ컯
⡭ݵ˲ˣϤĸоƭˡ
˺Ὣ̫磬ȳƺΪ
ǣȰݼ
ɣǰȥ̫磡컯һ֣ͭſˡ
˿̣ݡ˲ų׵ķˡ
ܲʲôǵڶͬһԴסңָͭŵĿ̫û˿ԡ
̫ĳ룬һСţΨ̫ŻῪţ⿪ŵľٶǡˡ


250 
ͬľʯ顢ľޡѵҲһߡ
ò״˳ԭʦĵڶֻʦ࣬һ˿ģ
ʦ˵ľͿɣҪ̫;
ʦͬһһ۵׽
飬ȥк̫飬ὫΪ̫
ǣϡȻ֪ôشˡ
ȲǱ״ӣɳƺΪ
ǣ
һţƺദ
ÿʵѶѹֵĲܣڴʦɣʦһ㶼á

̫еĸо
컯е
̫ڶͬһԴΪһ壬˺˴˽ȳƺΪ׷񣿡
ϵ̫磬Ĺˣ治Ӧೡ档
Ƚǽ֮
ƣ컯ͶȽһ
һֻ̫Ӱ֡
컯˺̫ͬԴ໥ӡ
ݼүү򸣽𰲣
ݼʦ
ɽХ̫鷢֣үã΢ЦģôͰס

̫һЦʱ̫ˣϤү
³ʱܻ̫磬컯˱֮ͬԴͬ壬˱֮Ƚ컯𣬴컯᳤̫磬飬衭
̫һ󽻴ô£
˺еСµ뿪ˣ컯˿ࡣ

ʯ˸ǰȥʵ
ڽ컯˴ſʵ
λĿ컯ˡ
н֮ǰУӦȡ˲ٲɣҽᣬ˳㱾ΪƵ鱦ҲóΪ¼һ
ǣ
óԼ鱦
ֻ컯˺İѼ鱦ͬʱ컯У˳컯ĲƬУȡĲһ롣
λӱΪỨѺܳʱ䣬û뵽ʮʱ䡣
컯컯£컯壬컯ӡȫˡ
λӱĲ֪ǣλʦ鱦ֶΣȻʦȻ컯֮
򣬶ȼ鱦ƣ˿뷨벻ѣʴ˼򵥵ĺܡʦƵѾԻʱ̡ܶ
컯˽˼䡣
ʯе㲨룬λʦȻϣԼ˲ʦһֻԸͬѡ
ȿǰģ鱦٣˺ͿɽΪ鱦ĲΣԶȶԣƷ鱦ĲѾˡһԽףֻҪϼܽ׼Ʒ鱦ĲΣʹã׷񣿡
ף
ˣˣ컯˺Ȼ˵˱֮ӣ䲻״ǿضȣû״֮ȴ״֮ʵȻҲָһɡ
λһ㶡
л
ţ컯ɫûһ˿仯ȴ󣬿ɸо仯
ʯһ㶡
ȴؽˣȻ޵˵㣬ʦ˵ɾҲ֮С˺ܶࡣ̫粻ܱ仯ʶܼ޴粻һˡ
ƣ컯˵Ȳ̫磬ǰչҪ컯֮֮õȲϱ֮ģʤ֮ϡ٣컯֮֮֮֮޵һЩȣӱֶ֮Σ֮Ŀ顢ȥø

һ
ԪУֻǽⲢûɢԪγһģ
ȻҺܶĪ⣬˼ֶΣԼ˱ƹ鱦Уʹõȣ
˵컯棬ȡ
Ƿ֣ʦҲˡ
̫ʦǸ̫߶ˣֱӲҲ벻ףԿȥҲ
ʦһס׺֪ףˡ
ʦһֱӲףһȴֱ۵֡
ʯ˳ױҸˡ
ȰлŸͷǱġ
δֱǶ˺ü˵һЩеֶεȡ
ɣ컯˵鱦ʱἴʼⱾ˱ѺѺüѣʱҲ쵽ˣȥ׼һ£ʧ񡣡
ǣ
˿߳ʵ

ǺܺõģȻûʦͰѴֵĵ
ã
ʦãԣ
λʦʦе㵣ģʦ˵ˣýˣȻȻʦ


251 Ķǣ
Ϻ𣿹Ȼһƽ͵աôƽʲôս治׵Ϊô־ϺϺӦҲĵ̲Ŷԡ
е˵
ĵĪ³ç̫һ˵ǸɡҸ׺εΪ̫ɺ֪ϴţ˵
ף˵˵ѡβЦ
ţ»οԸԵˡ
˵̫ܾòˣҵǰҪԭ򣬻ǿͬˡ
˵öԣֻзķ裬īϋ֡ˣ˲Ϊݡ
Ҳô˵塢׻塢ȴҲСӡ

λ۷׷׵ʱֻһ䶯
ǿ쿴ǾǷĴ裬ŮӹȻƯȢҲЦ
ˣ˵Ƿ費һĸ߰ұʼ˵Ϊ顣
һԵϹ곤ϺȻλ£ȥңҵȵĳϣ˺㣬ɵ¡
Զԣ곤˵öԣȰ¡ţæֹס˼λֵܵ۹Ц
װλܵܵ뷨ãټȥˣҪ̸˷ʱλܻܵ᲻ǲϺҪǡˣǾͲˡ

ǾŸ˹־ӣͿļλˡ
ܺܺ棬Ҫ⴫˵еӡ
λаĿ⿴ܲˣܹǸŮӣܲ۹⡣
ӣ˽ɵΪ˵ϴţнڵĲˡĳϸæش
ߣһץţǵĿ⡣һ
峤ϲ֪ôش
Ȱѳ֮ϰɣ˺һЩ˵Ľʱ䣬ʱϸ۲첻١
ðɣ治֪̫Цֹ
ǣ峤ŵЩƶ䣬һס󣬵ǵĿŷ衣
ˣˣҾ˵˵ѣŵá
ܲûϢӡ
ĿУִŵΪĿɽԼȥҺ̽̽ʺĸͬ⡣
ܰա

һᣬīϋ֡ҲˣƺһһǰһĵΧĿࡣ
ȻȺЩ¹ξͲɣһ׷Ҳ˶ѡ
һߣһ￴ֵ˵
ΪһεĳʢᣬҴңԶ֮ظºܺ棬̫Ǻˣ֪ʢ˳ǰƶ֪д
˵Ϻػһ㣬ݴǰӿٵؿʼػϺ˺޾¸ˣƵĻ˵
صġ
˺òʹ죬ʲô˵ǣιڣ
ǣǣ
˺òʹ죡˵˵
Χ˼ˣĴߴߵǵ˱˽Ķ̫ˣ߸֪

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ʱɢޣϺǺеĵɶɢ˳ƽһȻеŵζ

õϺң¡
ߣ
𣡡
ֻһŭһ޴֮Ƿſƿű˵ĵˣʱо屻סˣܶ
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ǰǰ
ߣʱֻܰԳˡ
ô̫ĵԴѾ̫ҶΪֻ֮磬״޽ˡ
ÿһȵĳһЩ֪νɢޡ
ǲ֪ʵ˾֮ܣЩɢԵ¡
ÿζܰʹʱܳѵˡ
ôˣҪΥ֮¡ֻҪʶһɨ֪
Ͷһﲻ֪νġˡ
û뵽ĳˣиµģܴүʼˡ
ССĽѵٸңΧ޹£ȡСɡ
ǣǰǣǣ
һɢϰǿʳûɱǣǶˣĻҲ⣬ĽλæӦ
ܰȥ󡭡
˻
Ϊ̫Բ
˵ֻǸŵģ
⣬⣿ˣ

겻ɰϹǰк
ΪһεĳѾϤˣҶ̫ҶΪȻĵ
ڹȻˡܰЦ
ǺǣֻϹ꣬ľλ¡ξλҲˣλҲĽɣ¼ҲҪǰ
ܰЦˣˣοо޴ջ񡣡
ŶϹԾˣܵѣĪǣ
˵˵ȻǾˡܰЦϹꡣ
һᣬĳϣĳҲŵ¹˹һܰ൱Ϥ
ûܰԿھ峤ϡ
ɵܶûϵô
ףǵĴ˵ʼΪ鰡
ȻŸСӸ䲻
СҲܲǺӣҪõˣ˵ᰮ˵һСд컯
ܰô꣬Ҳ˵ӣλϽ̸ѾǸģˡ
Դң̫ҲʧСܰԵĺֵΪ˻սˣ˺ܶࡣ

ܰһûһģüĳ
𾿾ҪҪ氡㵽˵
ǣλǵķӦͬ
λǼ̫ΰġ
ľλĿһкԴ󣬵пܼ̫Ҳе㼤
ΨһӣǼźˣ˭ʹУ̫ʧ
ΧܰԵ˽̸飬һеļе˷ܡ

Ҳһ˽꣬Ͳ̫
ֵģڵŴͻԵ˺Ͷ۷·
ʶмһЦǣȻоһ㤣һ޴ӰӺȻ


252 ѹʮ꣡
Сƺܲмᵽʱıʲô˼

Ȼ䣬ھз֣ԼƺֻҪԼҷͻᱻ顣
һĻĺȻ֣Ŀɿڴ
ԭֵ죬Ҳ˴޽ɳڵΪ
д峤ϵܰԵ飬Ϊ޸ֵҪ档
컯˺Ȼ΢ͷһˡ
첻ԣֻнɳڵΪʱһмӣˡ
ԭңʱ컯󣬷ֱԵ꾹Ȼˡ
һǷ裬һ꣬ŷ֣ȻϺ꣬ɱ֫Ϊλ
һݣչ̫е档
ԼʱСŪ꣬Ȼһ˴һϺ꣬Ȼ档
ججûǣȫǿ󣬵ǣݴ̹Ŵָ
ΪĵȻζˣﵽ˲ɵĲΣǴŲмңΧ
컯˴̫ʱ̫е档
ʶ컯ˣ΢ͷһ£ŪˣҪϷأ
̫䲻֪жԼ뷨Ǵ컯˵Կóƺĺܣò׼ԼҪ군ӡ

ǰˣˣ
һˣ뵽ԼںİߵʱסԼˣòƾǴ޽ɡ
Լһ㷴ĻᶼûУޱȵļţֻҪõԻԼ
Сҷ۹˻ҽƱ磬ߣײĲᣬѹʮ˵
ֻûĻᣬֱһְһС
С˲ɽʯûһ޷壬ֱӰѹˣ滹дšѹʮꡱ
һĻĿɿڴ
Ƿ裬ƺеһϤĸо˵
ǵ˱ѹȻԼӡ
ʲôţˣǵúһӾͱѹꡣòƸùֱѹʮꡣֹ

귢Լһɽѹˣһʮ꣬г˱
ģǰôܵ裬֮񰡣㲻ôŰҪݺĵ
ջʱΣʹ˿̵ʵĶԱȣתˡ
еľ鲻ġ
СӣҪˣ㱾ʮ˵οʮ̵ܶġ
ʱһ޴Ժ
㣬ǰǰ˭걻󣬴˵㡣
ļֱ˴ĵطԼţɵΪȻʱ侭ôѹ
һɽСѣСҲ󵨣ҶԵ𲻾

˵Һǵĺҡ
Ϳջβã׵ΰð˵֮ϡ
׺󣬷ܲң˿̲ԼܿģʶʱΪܵĺá
ʶǰά˻ﲻϵðԴ򵥵ľɽܲϲ
ޣȻǰķ޳֮ȣСӿѹ㲻ϵҲҪͷ㡣
ֻѹɽ壬֮ʼ档
찡ޣôԼôùŰš
Ҳûã类ɱˣСŰɡɽЦ

һߣ
ܵѣܴͳС֣첻ԵĳѵһСкûʧˣ÷塢塢ȳϺܲ⡣
ܰҲһͷˮҲ֪Сȷۣϴˣϴѵһ١
ǺǣϲɺأͳѾޣɷǰڵ£λѽ˰Ȼʲģλת˻⡣
ܰǺ˽⣬֮ǰץŵġ
û뵽ʱѾ̫ߣ޶ˡ
ҪںģѾһˡ
𣿵ͨ󣬸ֵͨͨССǧϵ󡢵ȣֻҪúŬջ񡣡ܰԵЦ
ô֣ǰµ׶ٸ֣ʱ˵ķ̲סʵ
ղĺȻ֣𺳣û뵽һŶ޲Ρ
ȷСӰ
꣬Ҳ֪ʶܰԡ
ܰûλӶ˴ΪңݴˡڤˡˣϴҲ˴Ϊ
⣬µĻˣ˵ػĸ֣ʣĻܽʮλ޸֣Ϻнٴ޸֣䲻ǵ£ܵıӻͶֻͣҪһ£ҲΪս̫ҵǾ͸࣬аɣɣͲ֪̫ˡ

˻
ܰ˵꣬ˣľλҲˡ
岻ʮλ޸֣
Ȼô£ֱ˼飡
˳Ҳŵˣ̫ôôô¶ô֣ѵνġ׼ʥߡʥˡɣ
ܰԵĺʱ
ֻʱһ̤߳ңǵһ֣˲Ŀ⡣
ˣ˿ǵ˵ӣө濴һǵ˴ˣγɵϻǵˡ
ǣףϤ
Ϊָоĸо
⡭
ɻˣ

ʱֻңУһɫĳʮλ޲εĸ֡
ʶʯĶף˵λӣʯˡӡľˡˡӡӡ
⣬ңݵˡڤˣˡͳȡ
ʣģҲʶֻǿȥ򵥶ѡ
һۺһ۵ˣƺֻǴ򵥣ӦûҪߡ
˲ʱֻİϤĵ˿ڵλǶƶ컯ʱˣ


253 㻯棡
Ծƣ˵档⣬һŻ
ֻһŴӶϵ
ռΪ𣬺ɻеԳ档
üǰҰףֻǴжһˣֻüһ޻֮ϡ
ݼ棬ݼüɡ
컯̫飬ˡ
ʱһϺŷӦ
Ȱݼλǰݼ
컯ĳ֣˲ԣüͺĿ컯ˡ
̫û컯ݣ֮ǰ컯أԼһЩ˵¡
ˣ컯һﲻǸǸϣ̫̰壬ʺϡ
ʶ̫أ컯Ѹġ
ʱֻ컯˵̫֮ڶͬһԴʵΪһˡ˺컯
ôһ˵䲻ʲôǵڶǵĵڶʵҲǵ
һǾûйˡ
Ȱݼ컯

һԵüͺҲ컯ˣеĿĸо
ܸܵ컯˺̫ͬһԴķʽǺܺ档
컯ѡüͺ
λѾΥˣԵƬ̿ɺá컯˵
ǺǣһЦ룬˲
ƣüҲ
ʱ
һ𺳵˲Ż㱹컯Ҫ˵򲻻úüɼ֤ˡ
һԵķѾ˫۷Źˡ
û뵽ԼżˣֻǺһ˵ģе㲻̫ܣôһòأ
ңüִλҲӮҰݴȺ滹û뵽Ҳˡ
컯Ҳһ񣬾ȻǵڶƺնʬҲ
̫ҪǽùˣҲǸ˵ﰡ
һʱˣһǼĺǣ̫أ˻ɺ͹ǡ
ѵҲˣƺĺԼѾͬˣԼͷô죿
ڷ˼ʱ
ֻ컯˵ȳ֮ģˡнˣ˺󽫻᳤ʱķţҲǡ
컯ֵ˱̫˼뻳ɡȺˣȻӦǸ汾޵Ƿ˴𣬹ʶȿɷģимһԪһγͿɣһδűޣȿף
⣿
⻰˵꣬ڴ峤еǡ
ǣּ⣬Ը
գĳӦȻ̫ϲҲڼˡ
Ȼ˹ά̫Ŀģó˸һʢᣬֱ仯õˡ
ˣϲܵҲΪŪ÷ˣ鷳ˡ
Ե֪˼һǣĲķˣǲҪ˼ˣȫԳˡ
ǣǵҲϲ鷳Ȼ𶼲ǣһǸˡ
ȻһǾ̫ʲôһˣҪ˼̫ˣȫͷԼҰˡ
˺󡭡
컯ѽӴ峤Ͻ˪ݵˣźü뿪ˡ
ֻ뿪ʱĿŷ迴һۣһ۴ص΢Ц
ķ㤣ƺԼ͸һ㣬΢ЦĿŷĲ²⡣
ŵ÷費ᣬ뵽̫£ܲͲҪԼݱعˣǾͲˡ
ڷ赨սľʱʱѾʧ컯ˣȻһ䴫˷Ժ
ȥ컯Ҳˣѣ
䣡
Ŵ۲˼Ŀ컯ʧĵط
⣬⣬⡭
컯Ѿ뿪ˣȻûõ˼ҵָ㣬ǹ֮ģͽһ׵ġ
峤ϼʧĿΪڰûõ컯ָأ
Ѿָˡ
ʲô˵ʲô峤ʵ
ûûУȰ¡
ǣ峤Ҳû⣬ղû

ܵ컯ָĲֻǷ裬ڲҽеꡣ
Ȼһ仰ŵòҲҽˡ
ᣬݣǲܱ֪ģ컯ʲô˼ܡġ
еǵ϶ĵ
Ļңѹѹˡʧķһɽֹ
ЩѪ

̫ļˡ
üһֻ֣ľ޻һ˵ģ
λѣϵӡ廢⺢ĳϣ䱻ϵΪӣһֱ䵱ϵĽ
廢μλǰ
صüݴһ廢
컯˴˿ˣԭˡ
Ҹźܲ򵥣Ȼǻţǲħࡣ
⺢Ҳ˻ħһƽͣҲϵһˡ
ǺǣѰ²˿ϲɺأϵҵõһצ鱦ǺСԵʹɡֻóһƷ鱦צģ
ò˵ϼһȻԣ
ƶһƵƷ鱦𻢱ޣпɣǼɡ컯˵̫
ųãһЩֵ鱦
⣡廢ܸˣҽ£ʦüһۡ
ȻλѴģǾ°ɣΪʦֿѲֻ࣬ˣǰλԴλͬԴΪʦΣɵ
ʦ廢컯˺ͺ󣬽ӹ˵Ĵ衣
Ǻǣü˵ˣλλˣЦǲ컯ѣ
컯컯ǱͬһԴΪˣɣɡ컯˳չʾ˳Ĭϧ
һǾ̫üͺ͡
컯˱ȺϲĬ
һʱüͺе㲻ϰߡ
˺ʵ㳩̸۵һ


254 
컯֮ʵԽԪɺϵо֮·Ϊѡ;ϵ֮컯ݣдŵʬ֮κλûʽݳɹյü֮ϵܴ󡣡˵
ͨ컯еǧѾʼ߳˶ĵоͺ̫ķ֮
ݵʬ֮˼컯Уͨϵնȥơҵִʹͨ˺ʬһ֤Ԫޡ
˿ֻ̣˳ΣûĲԲҲ̵ԭ
Ȼһ˹ǡ
նʬеıԴǴ޵д
ԽԽã컯İԽԽ
йǣϾˣ˵׵İһˡ
ôܺܶ࣬ƿͨʬ컯ӶҲʹˡ
ľúѡС

ϵҲо棬֮ʺϵϵй飬ߵΨһ˵֮棬ʺϵüҲ˵
ҲüĻ컯˵ü֪۲һµ·ܼ
ףν⣿ʵ
컯ЦˣغѺɣѾԷֽˣǣ
һ죬룬Ȼ̫ķǺ̫һϲҶ̣ʲô֪
ʵ֮ǰϵָܵõ컯ĲƬڳϵ޵ϲ˺Ǹϵ˾޴ãò˵ϵĳɾͣ벻컯İ̫ˣϵ׻Ԫɣ˺Ǳо˿޴ף֮ǷµϵûнĿܣ컯ɾϵȴϵϵܶ취κζ޽⡣

£üһ֪ʶɻĿһۺֿһ컯
ֻ컯ӱǵ֪Ϣ˵ʵԺѵõ컯һ̣Ѿע˺ϵⲻɱ⣿
һһľ
̫֪
̫ҲõƬΪεûϵ֮ʡ
оƽΪ̫Ҳõ컯ҲջСΪȥ鷳
ѾЭ飬ֻҪֺģĴƣұ鷳ǣʵǱºǣºͱǣ


üˣ˵̫㲻Ҫˣ˰
ѽͣλ֪ͺãԱûкѵ鷳컯͵
˵̫дԴڣǺƽģûǸָֻţ
Ȼ˵Ȼ֪޲Եĺѣϵ׻Ҫסġ
ǡǡˣʵ̫ѿָ̣
ˡ
˵ȻôҪѡ񣿡컯ش
ȵȣ컯ѡֻüȻ廰컯ѻ˵˵ֻһ·ܼʲô˼
ĪĪ컯˵ͽѵΪһ𰸡
˵
ָ̣
ܣСѧ
ⲻ̫ˣЩᱻü򵽡
ʴڸ飬Լ˾Ͳˡ
̫Ȿ顣

ʵ֮˵·ѡ̫С֮ˣ
컯˵֮ˣܼкͳ˵Լִ˵λ˰ɣ
컯˵꣡
˶һۣһǳ׵طˡ
̫˵ģǿ԰иûνǣͨﲻΪˣü
ˣܼԼִԼƣԼĶֶΪ谭ִԷֳȥִĸˡӵ
ƣ컯˸Īĵ˵ͷ
Ȼͬ
ں˭ûִ˭û
ǰ̫˵ģִзˣǱûִˡ
ȻһЩ˵ִܺÿ˷ִ˷ˣǲ۵ġ
ܵ͵˵ȵȡ
˵̫ѶϵָǣĪҪնǣ
컯˵˵ͷ⣬ȫԡ
컯ֵλѣĪҪúһ˿ȫޣõķʽʵȻΪαƫƫҪǣѵޣ
Ҳ컯٩٩̸
ǣûкôģǷkȻҪkǷȻҲҪⲹɲǹ򵥣˰ڴΪ˳˶Ҫˣʵ޴ֻ뵽˻رܣȴȥȡȡ˵ǲ޴
޴İϵüε
ϵƺ޴
ˡ
ǰ̫˵ĺܶԣȻǣɱ⣬ǾͺˣǷԼһԼҪ÷磬Ҫ갡
˷һ취󣬰ѿǷĶǷԼĶбһĳȻԼٽ
ǶţҪȥС
οԼõ컯ԵʣѾֲˣǾ߳һ·Ƕڵ

Ӵ˿ʼҪ˵·󹦵¶û취ֻܵˣƹܺģ˳Դ
ʱӴ˿̿ʼˡ
üͺû֮ǰ˺ܶԺ飬˵Ƿġ


255 ̫Ȼ
λ֪֮ǰʲô컯ʵ
ʵü컯֣صӣƺ鲻򵥡
ʵƶĳҲ⣬û⣬컯ˡ컯ֵڲǰ䷢һʱ֮أ󣬲Сıصʱħˡ
ʲôʱţüʱղסˣæʵе𺳡
Ϊħˣû뵽ֻģвħ
û뵽ʱһҲû
ǻһħʱħ񣿡
ǣ
ǣʱôˣüʡ
ˣԴȼˡ컯˵
Ǿͺãü֪ε飬ʹźô˵Ҳħš
컯ֵʴˣԤƣħԶû֮ǰԤƵֹۣʱˣüˣ˭ұ֤컯ڤǷأ˵ĳأ
˵ͷÿܵȷˡ
컯ֵ֮ǰȲ˽ļλܣûˣûвκεı仯ǣȻ޵˵Ǻͻħûǣǲŵġ
ţ˵˵ͷ
ֻҪʲô˲ʣ
ѵնħһ
ȫûҪ˼ҰȵûƻģҲûԼûҪݡ
̫˼ǣǣǶǡԺкľٶҵ׬ȡµĻˣɱǾ׬ȡܴĹºˣ򲻿ɴ
ð亹
Ϊ̫˼ǣԼСĽһ㣬û뵽һô˼
ǰһﵱɷˣֻҪ˺۵£Լ׬˵Ļᡣ
⣡Ȼ̫
Ȼ˵Ǳеǰ£ûеܳΪֿѡǡ컯˵̫ԣ˺ܶ飬ǱеģЩʱͬھ˵Σա
컯ЦЦǺǣʱ˵Щˡ̫ܾãʴƶѯһλѣչصڼ䣬Ϊ֪飿
ȷУü
ͼСһ岻ûһѹ켺´ѹҲº͵Ķ࣬Ϊ֮ǰĴޡ
ƺ֮ǰ·Ʒ⣬Ĵս̲켺հ
ȷһֻһ㣬֮ǰĴǣΪˡΪԴĴսõյûмսҲΪ˺Դǲ֪ܷõԼҪġ
ҿѣϾı䡣۴޵ޱȣȴƿΪ׵Ĵ壬ա

˵Ľ̸컯˴˴˿̺ĵ
Ϊ˺Դ̲塣
ˣΪҪѾˡ
ƿ£൱ܡ
ǲֲУֻᡣĹʵȴǱƿأ˵Դᡣ
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ףҲãʣ컯ݵˣ˵ָʾġ
ǱȻ˵ᱻٿءиҪĺôǾԴһĲ±ʹ룬Ҳк֮ܶ
컯ֵǣˣǲŽкڣ
ǣλѣϵ޵ýͣҲˣ˵飬޾Ƕˣû˽Ŀռ䣿üˡ
ǺǣȻȥ˽鷳ģõĿ飬ܸҵµĳ·ġ컯Ц
һ㶣˭Ȼͣ
й¶컯˸ĪһЦ
ʵ˵ɲ

λѣ֪޲Tж
˼һûз֣Դ޲TɱʧˣȵѲصöһѾкܶ಻ǵôˡ
з֣ʡ
컯ҡҡͷûУֻǾûô򵥣޲Tָıдƻ
̫ͨļ䣬컯޲Tʲô޷ıԴıԴʹʽһ
õɻǹú߱ǹ϶ΪһʽĲΡ
ܣĽ޲T֪ˣƻĽأ
壬İѪ飬ټͼ޲Tһ̫ľ׳١
˫ǹ϶Ϊһɾ߱ǹ
˺Ƴɽ󣬲ò˵һܲ򵥣


컯üˣ˺̶һкһ۵ü˶컯컯е
ü֪컯ģû뵽컯˲컯һһҲ졣
룺̫ѹȻһ˸
⣡ü컯˸е壬е˺
컯Ȼ컯˵ıʲô
֪컯̫컯Ƭʱˡ
룺̫ûѣ
̫ܰ컯ƬɷͿó̫ûһǰ
һ۵뿪̫硣
صɽͿʼ˱չأȡеʬ֤֮
üû˹Ǻ󣬿ʼĵọ́ңڵĺܡ


256 Ůģ
Ϊڶ
ϳʵ
峤νڶͬһԴһ֣εüڶϢоƺ峤£ҵĵڶƺԲԪһЩ
Ӳ˴γ곤˵
ŶҲдԲĲΣüѻԪɣԲ˵ĹȥͬһԴ˵ǴԲ򵥣ڶ컯ؾ͵ֻͬûн׻Ԫɶѡ
ҲôΪġ곤ϵ
εȼѣû뵽ڶдͣҵȺǰħԶ
˴޽ԲĲΣǸ򲻳ľ硣
Ѿɺܾˣҵԭ
곤ϣǷСΣʣ
곤˼һ峤Ƿ幫Բ飬һΪŮӣСҲȻλ²ɫġ
Ź곤ϵο뵽컯˵Ĳķţ
ʼδĹϵˡ
˺һᡭ
˵ǷΣоӣȢǷĹһʱĺͷһҲ干ͬǵˣ
׳󣬾ܻ㶦ľ档óȻûкǺ
ںòҪչĴϡ
ΪܹǣϣںĴصĵλٹ̣ǿʵȴһĪչ
峤·岻ӦģѾѷһ峤ǲ޵ġ곤ϵ
˵ͷһ㱾סֻǷųȥѣƻͷϾͺãֻҪ˼ɣԴ½ʱˡ
˵
ʣļλͳҲ׷׵ͷһƻС
̶󣬴ϢĴˡ

ʲôҲϣⲻܣ
ϣռݺĴ½ľ壬ռһ룬ƿ£ͷһΪ
ĵطǶȴһ嶼ռݵĵط
Ķ˽ܵ飬Դḻ
ĴӪҲ廢Ҳ۲úܡ
һγһƽ⣬嶼ռݶء
´˵شС໥
岻ܿĶһЩСȺռݣֲ׵Ĳ֣
֮ǰͺܴƿ˶ļСȺΪǰأ尵ƿء
ƻ˷ֺҲʼЧˣ»ƽľ棬ӻˡ
ܷ˭վռݣضᱻȺ֮֮ܶ鷳
ȻϢһšǿʼֶƺսһ

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Ի㱣ʼۡ
ǵȲβģ˰ɣʼ˿ŮճüչӣΪŮ̫ǿ۷ˡ
ֻһ컯ˣһ
ŮӢۣһܰԼķ
ʱˣĸǡǣ
ɵˣԼǱ컯һ仰ŵˣǿ̫ˣôĸ󡭡
ããã֪ʼ˼Ůֹӣȷˡ
һΪⲻ֪ĹϵĵһŮܾãһû˿Ķġ
ʼ˿ʼ˵Ĺŵˣ÷еˡ
Ǻεˣ
֮ǰԼСǱľ棿һܵԼأԼ֮ǰǰ㣿
ĺԼ˽Ĳһ˵Լˡ
̫Ϊǣǰ֪룬ڲʵġ
ˣô˿־컯˵Ļڿǽ·ôߡ
ǲԶģǺŮ񣿡ʵ
½׻ԪҲˣҺĵһŮҲŮ˵Ľʼ˵
ȷ棬Ȼ˵õ̫İ
ںģŮĵλףܳΪŮı˺ܲ򵥡
ĸ˵Ҷˣȷֵþ塣ǿգת˺ܶŮ飬Ҳԣ
ǰǿ֮ĸȸҪˣǿ֮ȴһ̹Ѫǿ֮ӰԽԽˣΨŮǿ֮ĸǳ֮
ĸŮ˺ܶ࡭
̫ѵľͷôãһ빲ô
ǵΰ֮Ϊһֻʼ˵
ȻҪǱ̫֪֮Աǡ
ʲôΪûòãıûľͷһ
費ˣ϶ˣ̫Լ
Լ˽⣬̫ԼһԽߣĳɾͣˣ
û̫ĵġ
Ϊˣ賹׵˿
ʱ
һ˹
ô˷
ʣ


257 ڽƾͼƣ
˺Ů˷ŭ¶Цݡ
Ǻǣ߳ˡϳɢȥˣЦ
û뵽ղĸᣬɫһ죬ʵʸղôˣ
һЦһǱ޳ܣųϢ˵ĶӽҪӭȢΪ֪ܷŭ
ʲô辪ˣ
ŵʣǼɵӻȢңأ
ӣһɵģĿˣһģ
ǰıûϣͬĿľǰĺԴ½ǷųϢǼ٣ᣬ˸ңܶˡ
ѵɵʣ
ɵɵ⣬ǲܲ⡣ϢޱȵĻƣ廻ҲǡΪѵ
ʼ˵˵ͷ忴׼ʱǰʱ塢СϺǿ¾Ǵ˵ġǳ׵׵ıѹƣ壬Ҳ¹ǣɡ
ǰΪ·أ
һʱ˳ĬȻʼ˵罫ƾͼΣ
Ŷһ㶣˵
~ʼһЦЦúЦķ趼ĸԵˣĽȥס˵ĸס
ǺǣΣҵıŮˡ
֪ȷаĽˣʼݸһЦ
ѽУʱĸ׵Ļվֱӡ
𣿿˵˵Цȴڷģ˭ҺͱŮŪ
ԴϺͳüչ֪ΪΣʼʵ
𣿡
һ֪̾᲻ܳˣĸ϶ԼĽ̫ˡ
ʵԼʶ˵ķ󣬾ͶԵʼ㽣ǱȨ۷
ˣŮǿ̫ˣ
ǣӦðҲܰһܰϱ⿪ЦأڸղŪСӵ뷨ﲻˡ
⣬ģʡ
ٵģĸˡԼҪվˡ
˵꣬ʼ˺￴һۣеš
˰ɣʼ̾Ϣ
Ҳһ̾ˡ
ȥˣ찡ʴ

˵˼ǣʡ
ܼ򵥡ֻʼ˵Ҳ٣Ǿ˵Ľ۷Ĵȥ˵ҪǱ˵֪ˣ˵ˣϢȥ廹˵𣿡
ף
˷ܵ
ʺĸĺ˷ܣķʣĸƭĺ𣿡
ôƭѵ˵ûԵ𡭡
ûУֻеѣæ͡
ǲͶˣͺܺðεݣ֪Ҳ᲻⣡ȻˣҪǵĽ㣬ưԺĽ׾ˡ
ﶼ˷ˡ
ȻǾòܷҲᷢϾ̫󡣻˵Ͳˣһ£ܣ
ңҲŮ񣬾ԼŮ
һ°

ǿƴѹŮĲ⣬ôˡ
Ƕ̫˽⣬ģɣ̫Ҳ⣬Ŀأ
֮ǰ޹СʱԹ˶ȥˣҲû
ͺñȣһһ϶Ĳ𣿲ġ
Ȼ
Ϣȥ±ˡ
ʲôǷĽ𣿡е˵ĸо
峤ġ곤
˻ҰҲˡ
ʲôҲңдҪǵ֣˰Ƿ轻ˣһļıɹˣֻҪϵµŮҲɹˡ
ȷֿܣһǵ⣬ǵıǵ棬Ƿ˷ܣ˺󳹵˴
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ף̫ƾʲôŭĵ
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䣡һ죬ֻһְ˴
ӣңѹһԪᡣ
Ϣŭֶʢѡ
ߣʢҲ˵ֻ屻𣿡
һ֣ظ飬̫ſˣ޴ɲģԵĶˣôˡ

һᣬʣλӣȡѵ˵ˣ磨ܣǰ֮
ıεʵ
Ĩھˡ곤ϵ
Ŷ곤˵˵
곤ϵ峤λ棬ڲǿƻϵʱˣҪȰѷϵͷˣȻƻ˷ϣҲȻֻҪ÷ļƻóˣȺҲãԣΪ֮Ʋǿƻϵ飬ǽ˷ı

곤˵ڣһ󣬾áϹꡱ˵Ķԡ
곤ϼ
ǣ곤ֵǴԼѡʵ֪Ƿ˭ѷŪˣ˵Ϊϵ֪ܵŮˣһԷ£˭ţ
˻˿Ϲ꣬϶ݰ
ǣҲǷô죿ǵ˵𣿡ţʵ
꣬һĬ󣬺Ȼ

߲Цˡ
¶ˣῴСû󹬣СС̫߿ˣεŮɫ
ˣȻ·ƺҪǶһ˶ԣԵȫ⣬ӵеĵ̺͸ţ޳
ˡ
Ĩڷļƻγˡ
Ҳ·̫ҲʼĨڣ½һʱ䣬ײˡ


258 ֣
ֱдɶ񣡡
һķйš
֪𣿡ʵ
峤֪ˡ˵սľ˵
ԭļƻƽˣ˳㻹Ĩ˷һѡ
˺Ҳ˽ȥ÷һʱˣĶ
һ̾ȥɡ
ɢ£ȥοһŮ

ءˣˡۡ
ĪҪżĪҪĸҵףǴɱ
ף׾壬˵ҲҪǷǾϲ̫ǣǣء
費ˣǰûû뵽Լ׵ĳˣô죿
ԼҪŵģҪȼŮ洡ĸŮģôͻأ

ĵһ£ŮڲԼΪ
㽻˰οˣԼȳĺá
Ҫô죿ҲܣǻҲҪ֡ˡ
еСʱ򣬻ˡ
ʼҲˡ


̫磬컯Ҳ֪һϢԷ
ʶϵ̫
ʱջ֮أ̫ȫԸƽ󷨡
µŬʱѾ󷨵ֻ֮Ҫٸһʱ䣬̫ȫ󷨡
ͬʱѾȫָˡ
Ŷ󷨵о͸򣬼֮ǰǴ顣
ʱ̫侳ﵽ˻Ԫ㣬Ϊﵽ˻Ԫ㣬ҲǻԪɳڵ۷塣
ֻҪ̫ȫƿ󷨣̫аΪԪɵĲ㣬ҲǳԪڣаմﵽԪ㣬ҲǻԪ۷塣
Խͨо̫ԽǶ֮ǰʱе塣
ˣʱһľȷߡ
Լ󷨵Ҫƿ󷨣ҪԪɶľΪҲǻԪɾŲſɡ
ף
̫컯ϵԼ
ͬһԴŶͨʶ컯˽ֻҪͿɣҪԼ֮ǰҪƼ
ǰʱ̫֪컯Ѻþ첽ԪɵĲΡ
û뵽컯˾ȻʱϵԼ
컯ұ£
Ǻǣ컯Цˣͱ˵һȤ顣
Ŷ̫컯ΪˣʯͷһϵԼ顣
ʲô飿̫ʵ
㿴֪ˡֻһλ洫
̫ϸĿһ£ԽԽúЦ
ԭǱͷ顣
֮ǰ̫Ը컯ˣѵһ꣬Ҫ̫̫Ŀˡ
ˣ֣˺ɽѹˡ
ǣ˺컯ȴһֱŴˡ
꣬һƺ˺ܶ࣬òˣԴµľɽͿˡ
ǰǰ̵ģӾɽǵ֪˺öغͺ¼
Խ׵Ķ࣬Խ£ƺ֮ǰǰԸһˡ
̫Ľζû뵽һı䲻С
ʮ굽ˣͷɣСŪʲô˼飬Ǻڴġ̫컯˵
ǣģһῴõġ
ţ̫˵ͷ
ԽԽȻ
ǷǰһŪģȻ˵Ľ𣿡
𣿡
컯ҲЦǲһܻ꣬˼顣οӦòԼģʼŪãŪɳ׾ˣеʯͷԼĽŵĸо
ǰˡ̫࣬û뵽СһһһȤ
һһѹһ槼һ
Ҳ֪᲻̫϶ʵ
ɣֻ컯һݺ󣬡Ӧòᣬ˵Ǹı֮ǰĿһе뷨ӶСĽһ㡣
컯ʣҪô
̫һ㶣֪컯ʵģǷ⡣
𣿱ݣע˲ӦκηӦԼܶᣬˡ˳Ȼһ㣬ⶼǷŮҲûٳɾͣ޷δһѡ
ƣͲˡ
ţҪˣǵھУ彫ҪͶˡˣΪ
ֵֻ̫ҪˣģԴ֤ԣн󣬾ʱ򡣡
̫ʱҲıʱ򣬴˺ս᲻ɱ⣬ǲ֪˭ͷ˭һ
̫˵꣬컯˵ûиı䣬뵽ǷŮӻѡ
ţ̫ͷҲá

˽̸һᣬ컯ʣ𣬺ʱƿ󷨣
̫ҪˣԪᣬƿһĩڣ𶨻ȥģʱ鷳ˡ
Ǿͺá컯˵ٹһʱ䣬Ὣ粽Ԫɡ
ɣҲòˣԪɺ֮ݺǿ󣬶ԴʱҪ

̸ֽһᣬ̫Ȼ뵽޲Tʶ컯һʱ̹עһ㡣
޲Tߵһˡ
ôûжأ


259 죡

һؾУ޲Tڴˡ
棬ħΨһߴ
ħ޲T̳߱ɱħȫУ컯еħкһƵʽвп໥ɱ
໥ɱĴڣ󣬻ûгɢʱꡣ
ʱֻزȫûת֮ء
飬ȼձԴԼԱߣûɢĴڡ
޲T£֮ǰٺͺĵʵУռԩꡣ
÷޲TƵһؾУܼЩпһ档
˺໥ɺɱֻһΪյʤߡ
ν൱ѪȺͲпᡣ
걻ɺĥԹȣᱻʯռ
ʯ޲Tı֮ǰеղضơ
Ľǰ
޲T̳ħȫĴк󣬿νջܴһס
̫ͬ֡ѪۣԺĽɱǰǿԭ

޲TԽԽˡ
ħƣȫӦҲĴڣǼеԴˡ
ڼеܴ֮Դǣĵĸ
޲Tܿ졣
̫ҲԾ޲TѾˣ׵ĺҪǿ
չ˵ĺô޲Tʱչûϴ
ˣɵ
ԴķֻܼҪԼ֤Ԫ޽ɣͿƾ컯ĲƬԴ
ӶԴ֮仯
һ˲ߵĲΣԶԶĳԽˡ
ںˣѾˣĿֻһǾ̫Ǹܶˡ
޲T޲ϣԼʽ̫ɱ̫룬̫ΪԼ¡
أ̫Ҳ̫Բɱ̫̫Ŀꡣ
ǰãݻħĴк컯ĴУ޲TѾ߱ǹɻǹˡ
ĵһ߱ǹѾɹˡ
޲Tʵ˾޴ŲѺ
ⲻ֪̫󣬿ʼնʬˣ˿ܶûѶԷ
Ϊ̫Ĵڣ˻һ֮С
Ⱥնʬɹ޲TħɣĽ󣬽һƾеս
ο
ֻҪնʬɹͻʬ컯УʱҲɲԴ
һ޲Tһ˵ġԴϺȻһľˡ

棬˴ˣ
ʱħ໥ɱΨһҴߴˡ
ֻ˻ɫ磬ɫȻҸ㡣
ʲô֣޲Tʵ
ңû֡ǰСѹȣգΪԽˣû뵽Ҫɱա˻䣬ûһ˿ĸ顣
˵ΨһҴߣΪ֮һλֻڱ֮£ʮħʹͬȵλǵһ˵Լְɣű棬֮ǰǹȥ֮úĲ޲T
ֲпħΨһҴߣĺδĳɾͽ᲻
޲Tǵɱʯá
Ϊʯ޲TȫֶκԴ֪Ψһһˣһ޾Դ¸ŲҲֲˡ
ټ˻£Ҵ浽֮δ֪
޲TûԴ
֮ǰռ޵ԹԼ֮ǣħƣ޲TҲֻܽΡ
κʯῪ⣬ʯߣ˺Ľ
κѡΨҴߣΪԼһ

˼һħ棬Ȼһգͱֺη죡
죬죬ãͽ죬ᱲ֮˺Ҫᱲ֮ˣֻҪĴͿɡ
޲T⣬λ󻤷죬Ǳˡ
һֻһâ
޲T֮͸ʶУܳԾ⴫̫ǿˡ
һ²ˣΪ󻤷õģĪҪñʧ޲T
֣ˣظ޲Tд񣺡ħ
ţȥɣʱҪ㴦Ⱥú˵
ǣ

ϲͼˣһ֮ˣû뵽Ƕץסˡ
˺Ŀ飬յһμ˹ǹǺڹ⣬֪ˡ
޲T֮ǰԵɣҲ޲TԵʡ
ħᣬ޲Tû棬̭һھ飬Ϳˣûкˡ
޲T˵ģҪԼִģҪԼֶ


260 ׼ͽ
ͬ
ֻӰĵš
һɫƣο࣬һ˿ģ
һԲͷתƷΡ
Ӱһɫĳӣȥ˷ܡ
ʦ֣֪ǰ˵⹦³أǰ˵ǿȡ鸣Դ֮򣬴Ӷֲ˸ǳ֮һ鳶̫˼ˣ
ֻǷͷĵ˵׼ᡣ
׼ʦĪҪɣǰ˻ţѱӡڴˣҶֵ˰ٰչˣǰֵ֮֮ͣգ򲻿ɶǰ˵
׼һЦûǰֻ̫ˣȻȡĸԴ֮ΪֲֵܶԴĹһմ⣿
ǺǣһЦʦĪҪɡ˵ǰ²ˣǰѵ㻹𣿡
׼һ̾Ϊ̫ˣ̫ǿˣô궼Դǰ˵벻ɲżʦҾ벻ɻеأ
׼ֵʦ֣ǰ㽲Ĵ֮ʦָˣʦ֮ΣɱҼ𣬿֮ʺʦֵĵ
ȷЦǰĴ֮ʺΪ֮һż̫ߣҲ˲ɲţʴǰ˵ʵ飬ǡ⡯һҪƿغáʴˣʦֻĥҡ֮ģȵĳɣȻ֮

׼ˣһĸţǰĳɾ͡
Ϊ˻֮أһӡħڣħָʹ£Ż˺ĳɾ͡
֮ǰħ񽻸˹ĥ֮˿̣ҪΪֲűԴĲˡ
ֲֽԼĲĹ
쵽Ƿ˷˼ˡ
̫ڴˣƵһ²ۣ˵ĻħûɾȻˣħһս
˵ħ֮أ̫֮ˡ
˵ñԼ׵ĻɢԼõĹ
ħ˭ˣ֪ˣħǼħ
ȻҲܣָ̹ſ죬Ҳһ˶ûС
ʱ࣬˻ԪɵͣǺڵֻ֣ҪͲѶʱڻָԪ޵ĲΡ

׼ͽ̸ʱʱһ
׼Сӣڮϵڤڤ޴̽飬ء
ǰˣ׼æӦ
̹ŵķӡ򵥣ÿʱÿ̵ѹɢıԴһʱڷӡǿʱܺϵһ֣ұļ״̬
ܶһʱһһεɱ
ħڻУ͸˼ħͣҲ㲻̹ŷӡһδϴ
ǿͼĻһδζ̹ŷӡһδεĨɱ
ӹã쵰̹ţΪβϵϵͲҰ֮ϵֻŶѣŹϵȻÿһԪһĨɱǸ̫ˣСҪŬȡղԪޣðϵȳȥħ²ۡ
Ұģ󣬻֪ʱôˣ
˿ֻüھͺá
üõָ̫ҲԤ㵽ˣʱƶһЩеļƻ
ΪҲΰΣΪƼħ񣬾ܱסСȴҲü׵Ľѡ
ǰģֻҪҶ˲ǰ˵ǻԪ޽ɵĲΣһǰȥģķġǸˡ
֪ûλǰ࣬ʦֵֻǿп޵Ĵڡ
ģʵڡ
ħЦŵģϵָ㣬ǱԴǿһѷɫĺĸš
ֵ֮ǰδֻĥǵĵġ춨ϵȡ֮ΪֲԴĹˡֻҪĹˣԴҲֲˣ˵ĳɾͣκζħ
ԭ׼
֮ǰɣǰֻĥģ˿ǵĸš
ԭʱ˿춨ʱˣŸֲԴĲ㡣
⹦³أǸֲŵġ
ˣ׼ҲħӰˣ룺һҪǰȥ

ˣҪϻˣϵѵʱղˣ˾ֲԴĲ㡣ϵԤƣһ٣ǻζʱʱߺεʱ̡
ǣǰ
ħĴ£׼ͽҲʼ˿ٽʱ


261 ᰡ磡
ʱš
ϺңһԵһŷɽ
¡¡
һ졣
Сӣʮ굽ˣԳȥˡ
ˣҪԼ
ΪѹʮǼ٣׽Լ棬û뵽ʮ굽֮İԼˣ
ǰ˵ģʡ
ɽһЦ٣СӣǲѹĻǲǣãҿѹʮꡣ
ǰˣˡߣߡæ
Ϊѹ㰡ҲԼ浱ˡ֮ѹ㣬ĵĺ⣬ϵ֮ǰһУѹĥĵģ֪Сӣ߰ɡ
ɽ䷳ĵ
˵ʵįĺܣʮиСоģû뵽СҲҪ뿪ˡ
ǲ֪ԼʱܽѣﵽΪĺϸ
СӣҲǵҵĥɣһ뿪ˣҲǶҵһĥɽˡ
꣬ʮܹƣĥ
ûоù֣ʮ꣬ͨɽĽ˺ܶĵܣúܴ
Լ֮ǰΪԽ˾޵ˡ
Լõ֤ȻԽˣûз⣬ѹʮꡣ
꣬ԼȻʮ꣬²ɻװ
Ҫ뿪ˣͦлɽôġĥָ͡㡱
ɽǰ˵֪չǸ˵ܺͶָ㣬䲻֪ɽǰɽĿģڴףǰ֤ôˡ
ȥݣȥݣϵûָ㡣
ɽе㱻ԼжˣԭԼĵָ㣬СסˣҲ
ϵܻγˣֲһҪҵСһһʵҲ֮ǰɵ˵㣬Ȼ
ǣȥˡ
̾˿ȻеãȻ
֮ǰϢΪԼ֮ӣԵˣӶġ
˿̲ŷ֣Լãʵ̫Ǹˡ
˿̴޺У̫ҳɶѣԼɵΪƺ
Ҫô죿Ĭˡ
ıչûһãĴȴΣգҸѡ񣿡
Ϊ˳Ĭ˺þá
վˣԼˣͲԼ̫ס
Ȼˣ죬꣬ƴˣ
ȥɽϣȥĵطҵĻԵᶨ
Ӵˣһĵ·
ɵҪɽûһԪǲܡ
̫ɵʱûκεΣգһԪ࣬οˡ
οȸӵĻˡ

ˮ׳ʿһȥ⡮С
Ϻһĵʫ˴󷢡ΪԼǰʫһס
߾ҺʲôϢ
䣡
ֻһ˶ȭͷ
һκ˽֣ʱһţܶᣬܵĶȫķȥֿ
˵Ҳɣ껯ΣͣҲ˵ܿܿᡣ
ȻײĽǹ
ף˺ͰһΪȻܿ°Ĺ𣿡
ֵȻ˰һȭǾͲƽˡ
ʱеˣԼô˵Ҳ껯Σ̹ŴָǻΡ
֮ǰ̫ҡŪڹƣԼʵģȻѹˡ
˸ղŵĹƺǿû뵽ԼķƲȻٱˡ
ٱȥôԽˡ
ë͵Ϯƶһŭ

ѽѽҳЦһëĵˣ
𣡡
ڿ͵ϮԼˡ
ȻһֻֻʮߵĺӣôôϤ
ǣǺ˲˾Գģظ

ס˷ĺӡ
Ī˰ǺӻɵľԳ
ҡͷǲ⨺
ף
˭ô֪⨺ˡ
ȻЦˣЦĺ˷ܡ
룺꣬ڼԼϤˣΪˣôһʶԭ⨺ﰡҵ֯ˡ
磬ᰡæ˵
㡭㡭⨺ˣа磬ʶ
ⲻʶνʶ𣿡ǰС磬˵һͰѺӺЦˡ

˽̸˺һᡭ
ǵã⨺ﻯϷ˻ħԳ̹Ŵķֺ֮һ
ĺֱ
һʯͨ仯ʶʱ֪ǻ
ڶǳ£Ƴ룬
ͨԳ£ǧɽݾ̣ǬĦŪ
⨺֪ܲǰ
ĺʱͬ⨺ݴκ磬ȴΪûԵʣֻĴ͵ѧҲûѧʲô
Ⱥ潲ʱһﻹ͵һ
Ǳã֮ĺܲҡ
ڳǵڶεģʱˡ˼סƬΣ˴ˮʱ
ͨԳ˷ʱڵ÷ɽʥϴҲշˡ
ʯմŮ洲Ĺ£˵źͻԵãκΣ˷̵ӡ
ĸƺһûһк³
⨺ȻеС˷ܡ

磬еţʵ
ûУ⨺ε
磬ûеſɲɣ˼һģҪԼŲС
ᣡе߳ŭˡ
磬Ҹһô
ףˣððֵܣ
˵⨺´ܣ룺ȻǺＱ
㿴磿ҽ꣬˹껯Σ㡭˵еԼô͹껯أɲ뵽ڹ˵
ҲˣǺӻΣ㲻˵ɣɣɣ
͡ȻЦˣӺܴ
ˣ䲻ҾáսֺܺãսΣ
սսӺȻˡ
˻ħԳΣħԳսۣ֮һս֣ˡ
~~
~~
ĺӻûɾԳؿڡ
ããͽսˡ
𡭡
һйס˶䣬ò⨺Ŵ˷˳
磬ôҲϺʵ
ֻƶϺд̫ͨӻ顭
ӽͺ֪ԭӵĴֻͣԪȴ
ͨ죬̽ܶأȻ֪ĺܶࡣ
ףֻ岻Ԫû취̽
֮ǰδпɣֻԽԽˡ
ʶСϺ
ӵģϺ鲻ϡúӱһӵĻ
κΣϺʿΪܸߣΪ͵Ҳʦͳӳû취ˡ
ĵͨԼͨ̽еĹ
⵹ãûʼͱʫ˴󷢴ˡ

磬ϺҵȾ֮ءǲģ̫ƽˣޣעսĥڴ֮أǲнģΨвϵսſɽ
ӺͬһƵֵ˵̫ˣûսƶܰ
԰磬ǲڴˣҪ뿪˵سȥĥУ
ҲԪĹԪͲɶ̽
аҿԽ㰡
⣿ֵˣжĸԼֵ̫ˡ
ֵܣˣˣͬӸж˵˵ʣֵܣȥĺã
Ȼս֮ػˮ㰡ĵɽˡ
һͨ컨׹Ŀ佱ɽ˵ĺӶˡ
ɽôãƶֻ֪̹Ŵ֮أû뵽ô棿
Ȼɽɽ֮棬֮棬ĵر鱦ļϵأսϣֵ
һƣҵ˺ñڡ
ֵܶˣ̤һĥȥɽ·
ͨܶѣս˫ļͳıߣ˵ޱȣһ·ϣȴΪһʱ䡣


262 ѹʥ˵ĵ
ټʲô
̫磬̫Ȼӵ˴ٻǰȥ
һ㶣Ҳ֪ӴѶᣬἯϴҡ
һ㶣˹ˣԴӽ̫磬⻹ǵڶμ˵͵ͬԴȴܲơ
ǺǣͬȻĲһĪҪ컯ţ컯Ϊ컯㲻᲻ɣ
ףֻǻе㲻ϰ߶ѣ컯ޱȣĪ⣡

̫ǰ
ֻ컯ڴˡ
Ҫձָʾ˴öȹĦԶȽ󣬶ãϸĦ
컯һϯ˺Ȼе١
û뵽Ե⣿
Ϊ컯ټңʲôҪأû뵽ȻͻԵ
л̫𣬰л컯
æл
̫˽ѾޱңԶˣҺ̫綼ˣû˼롣
ǡˡҲԼܵĺˣ̫顣
֮ǰ̫ʧһˣʧСʱԼķܣѾָ˽ʮˮ׼
̫ɣֹ̫½ϣǷܡ
ʶʱ̫磬һСĵǿָ֮ǰ
Ȼĺܶ飬ں˵еѾǶˡ
ǵȺѾˣ֮ǰĺģ˿ǧͲˡ
Ψ̫磬Ĵڡ
̫Ϊµн𣬲һȫʧ

ϥֻ֮컯˶˵
е컯ܲ˵컯Ѿˣ컯ĵס
֮ǰ̫ʱյʱѾǿˣ˵ռ䡣
컯Ҳһ컯γ˶е컯
ǧ˵Ĳǹ̶һͳƣԤʾŴ
ԺܶʿǼ򵥵һǼĽϡ
˲̫̫֮֮Ͼ
л֮һˮ֮һϾˮܷܵ
֮ͬޣ֮͵֮ϳɵ׵֮ȵȡ
֮ܶǧǷָȷ
컯˾컯֮ĽϣˣҲ
иǰᣬ޵ĵ࣬˵ѣƿء
һͬޣǼα
ѶԽԽǿԽǿѶҲԽ

컯֮컯ǰδ֮²⣬Ըĳ컯ľȻܸ컯ԶȽҪϸ򣬿

컯˵ֵֻ֮꣬ϣӰʼ֡
~~һ㣬ǵӰʼᡣ
ÿεͨأҵһδںϣ⻹ǿȺתʶ̫ҪĥġȣһɣÿһҪ
컯˿ȥƵ
֮Ʋʽʵ̫ͬһԴ
ߵ̫ˣοⲻȫ컯ˡ
ԺɣǷƵ
ң컯˻ÿһָеˡ
Ҫ֪ЩòĴ֪
ǻģǿĵôôɣһ
˴Σ컯˺ܶࡣ
ûҪˡ
ֻҪ̫ͨ˳̫ĽֵԪ
컯̫Ǻǰնʬʶնʬһ
նʬ󣬸ҪȫԵĵ
̫컯˲ͬͬԴȴͬ塣
ĸ壬Ͼ̫ҪʬһǵֶΡ
ԣ̫̫ĵ컯컯˵ĵ
ǣֻҪ컯ֵ֮֮󣬾̫ھˡ
൱̫ҶܵһһǴڶġ
̫Ԫ޽ʱѹʥ˵ֶΡ
֮ǰǣ˽ݾǰ;ʥˣԼô죿
ˣֻҪһ̫Ԫ޽ʱѹԴʥˡ
Һͺϵĺһ
οҲǿ֣֮컯
½ܴﵽԪ޼ɵĺ̫Էâ
Ͼǽӵʵ
ӵʵ̫һٳԶС
Ȼӵʵ̫Ҳܴﵽĵز
ֻ˵ĺһΪѹЩʥ˵ġ
ͺ̫˲֡
οԸ̫ҲҪԸԸ⣿
ͺñȣӽϰֵܣܣֻ˵ܣܡְ֡Ѷһٺᡣ壬ֵܣܺӷˣ
̫֮ܶеĵڶҲҪ

ɣ
ʱ
ֻ컯һȣǵӰ˻Դһӡ
תĵϣޱȵ
ͨ컯˵ΪΣ
Ϊߵͻ֮羹Ȼ˲˴޺ڵĵز
Ԥʾţȫˣ֮ǰ˵ػڵΪΣﵽںȫԴ컨ˡ
ΪںҲǴˡ
⣬ʵͬջһͬ
ǣкжĻԵֻԼ֪̫Ե
Ҳ̫磬ĻԵйܶΣԻܱƽġ
Ҫ磬õĻԵ²ڰݴ޸Ϊ״ӡ
Ȼ
컯˲ûͣ£һֵ֮ӡ
𣡡


263 
׼̫˲컯˵ĵ
컯
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ףǴĲͬ𣿡𺳵ĿһĻʵ
ǰƼҪ飬ǲͬԴǿ󡣡Ľ
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268 ̫٣
ʱ仺š
Ժܶ˵еĸо
ⳡֱʷ׳ʣλֵĶԾƴ
ʢѵһ
סְɣǹһصġ컯½ѹΪʶȰ
ʵûа취ֻܵˡ׵˷ʵñ𾪣ǲ֪֮𵽵׺ε½ѹĽ
½ѹδı̫ʼˡ
컯һЦòҪ𣬷ܣ֮Ը޵ĺ͸ȤĶܵùñȤҲŭ
½ѹˣν⣿
컯Ц֮ǰУȻ˶ѳ֣ĸķŭѵĳ˻ħһֽбȤԡ
ȥ컯һ˿˵ĻȴĻ
½ѹеĿɿڴⶼУ
ԼƵĲֻǳޣǴˣȻ̫
½ѹ̾Ϣ
סõİ취컯æ˵
컯̫̫սϲˡϲϲʵʵ޵
ԣ治֣Ҳͱ˽ս
еĵѣָ㲻ġͲɵҲѣǷǡκ¶д۰½ѹ̾
֪ǣ
һж̫̽С
컯ֵ֮ӿʼ̫ܰ컯۾Ͷˣʲô̫
Ǻǣ½ѹʶʱǣͲѹˣʶࡣ̫뵽

ȴƴˡ
Ǿ޲T
ԼԴõԴ޲Tη尡
ʲô̫ҴɱԼܴɱԼ
ԣ֪̫ĹϵȴȻη塣
һ㿴̫ܷŭĵԵʣԽԽŭΪûնʬĺе㲻޲TĶ֡
ң߱ǹȻ޲Tˡ
ֲ޲T˲ԭԴļӳ֣⣬ˣԭˣֹ̫
ǣȻ̫ñŭˡ
ߣȻƣǾ͵űĳͷɣҲ뿴ôʾ
컯
Ȼ
ڽֵ컯һ㶣
˾ͺã컯˿ֵװչˣԼ治ϲ֡
䣡
Ȼ
ֻ컯˵ƶʱˡ
̫һʩչĽϣǿĸо
ǣ
ôܣ
Դһ壬ֻ컯˲䱩òҲʼ˱仯
ֱʱ̣컯һκˡ
½ѹСˣ֮ҪˣȻĪҪ˵Ҳξͺá
½ѹˣ
Щ˶ˣΪ컯òԽԽϤˣϤĲϤˡ
ǲ̫
ֻһӸ֣һ޴̨̫
ʱտԽ̫ͻˣ˵ͬԴĽһ̫컯
˵컯̫ѹʱ󷨣̫컯ʰ档
̫𣿡
ˣٴμˣ
ǵ𣿡
ˡҲһһμ˵еĵôô˧ôô磿
μ̫𣡡
μ̫ʣ
̫ѣ
һʱɫɫ̫ĺȻֶе𺳺ѹ
һĬ̫ˣȴЩһֱǣԽԽ˼ɡ
ţ
ֻ̫̫ǵ˵ͷ࿴۶ÿ
ǣûλܾãǲٵ̫
̫һ֣һɫʥƵ֣ȴΪ̫ĳֶ档
ĪҪġ̫
ǵʥ˾ˮԻָԪ̫Ҫˡ
ⲻƿ߲еƣ棬ȫظˡ
̫
½ѹòҪк
ܣ̫ѹеˡ
ᣬ뿪ûǸ컯ӡ̫½ѹֱӵʺˡ
½ѹеŭˣԼεȴڣ
ǲӦˣҲãѵҲá
䣡
û½ѹعֻһ˸ʵʣȫ½ѹֿܵġ

һҽд½ѹ˲䱻ˡ
е㲻˼飬Ҫ֪ǻԪɣǷƿصĽǻᶯͰ˻ɣ
̫ˣ
УҪ糷Ǳɵ½ѹΨһ뷨
֪̫컯֮һˣǽѹʥ˵ֶΣοɻԪɵ½ѹˡ
ÿεĲ඼ޱȵĴʥ֮ϵĲ࣬Ǽֱո
̫ܵһԪ޽ʱѹ֮ʥˣ֪

һĻĺܶ˵̫
֮ǰ컯ƾе½ѹ̫һоͽˡ
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269 ң
޲Tҷ
½ѹֱ̫ʩչֻ죡
䣡
Ǿ޴Я޲Tȥ
޲T̫ٵʱͷˣ̫޾¸Ŀ־еš
뵽Լġˡ̫Ҳô
οԼΪϱԴеԲټе߱ǹʿԺ̫һ
Ȼ̫һл½ѹʱ޲TеĻˡ
̫ʱѾѿ˺ȫԸˡ
ҲʶȤ̫ȻֵһУ̫ѵ޲T
ãôǿ󡣡޲TܵǾƵʱĻˡ
ܵģ̫ʲôΪôԼԪΪȻ޲Tˡ
ⲻ֪̫컯һʱʵǿﵽ˻ԪڵĲΣ̫һͺɨ
ˣ
ȫ޲T֣Լܶѣ̫Ǿֹƺ˷ҪܣʱһԽ̫Ȼܡ
ǾֻӲˡ
ħе߱ǹ
͡һһйನٻĻӻ⣬ʹûҪǣ޹
Ӳ޲TѪӿħ屻ƣһ˿Ѫĺɫħɢĸо
һֲ˹
˶ɵˣһ½ѹ˵Ͼ½ѹ֪Ĳࡣ
޲TʲôˣȾݺ޾£Ȼһˣ
̫ôԽԽǿˣ𺳵
Ϊ׻ԪɺʵĲӽû뵽̫δһɨ
Ȼǵһˣϵˡĺ
Се
ѹĵ̫ôôǿ󣿲ܰʵ˭ɱ˵üֿѣˡ
֮ǰѾʶԼĲԴˣѾĬ˺ܶˣҲѾѺзŴܶˡ
ֺ̫ɨš
ѵҲǾ֮ܣѵ֮ǰнȫ룿費ʵ

һ󣬴ʱ޲Tɫߣеĸо
Ѿôˣô̫һˣ
ϸ˵̫һν֣֮ǰ˺Ҳӹʼûнֹ
˵ĵһν֣ԣ̫¾ܺɨԼ
һЦĺɨԼԴ޽ǰ㣡
ˣ
ֻʱƿ˼һ̫ѵ޲Tʱ֣ͣ³⡣
Һãֵɹˣǽĵʧؼ䣬һλԪɵˡ
ҲؼһλŮԻԪɡ
һϥ̫תͷ޲T
޲TԽԽˣǲǾԼԴļӳ־޵ˣ㲻˳ۺܾˣҪһֱûдĵߣ浱ԼԻڣ
˵޲Tޱȵı
޲TЦȻ֪ô
޲TղŵһŪĻˣҺ̫һ䡣һ԰ԼֵԴ̫Լô
üŭ̫Ȼ̫ɱģһְԼ̫
ԣ޲Tˡ
̫Ҫֹ㵱Σȷȱǿ󣬵ñô޲TĿɿڴм̫
Ȼ޲T趼ˡ
⣬⣬𣿡ڴܡ
ħĴɵ˲ɣˡ
̫ЦˣȻģ̫ˣֻ̫ʱ̳
սپԼȷܺ컯ܳ־ãֻܾ޲T
̫ҲףԼܴɱ޲TԴԼݺݵһ٣ֹɡ
䣡
ֵɹˣʶ˰еĿⶼˡ
ʱ̼̫ʵ̼޲Tɳһˣ̫мƻ裬ôôɱС
Ū޲Tޱȵƣ˵ɴң˵ڰоԼŪˡ
Լ̫ʶƼƻˡ
ⲻУԲУ̫ȥûԼͱˡ
ɣɣ̫Сˡ
̫㡭͡
ɵˣɶ
޲TҪԼ򲻹˼ҾȻˣǲһܣ
⣿޲T뵽
Ȼǵ𣬻޵ССꡣ
̫Ūˣô˻棡

̫ͼ޲TˣоԼƭˡ
УҪ취ȥУ̫Ūַˣ

޲TˣȻȼձԴĺ̫ƴˡ
Դȼգļӳ֣䡱һξȻס̫Ĺ
ף̫ˣǵ޲Tǵôѡ
ߣҪѡ񡣡̫˵ӳ죬ʱȫԸ
~¡~~~
˲䳡ȼȫֶε޲TȻ̫˵㡣
Ͼ̫һǿ
Ȼʱ
˸оԼȻסˣԪһ㡣
ֻһ޴ģ⣬޲T̫ˣӸ˵ĶԾ
˺Ļƣ˲ܼȥˣһвá
̡̫϶
ôҾ棿Ϊ˱Ҷɱ̫𣿡޲TǷϵ뵽

ˣֻͻ˲뵽ǡˡֹ
ֹֻΪʲô
ȻҪħ磬޲TȷҪһȷɱ˰ɱ޲TԺĵķչ־޴ı仯еá̫뵽
һ㲻ԼҲԼΪѣʽĹһɸı䣬ʶºԼΪҲȡ
̫Ҳ޾ʲôɵרźԣô˵Լռ޲TԼġ
޲TӣԼܺһһʶ
һ̫ˣŹ޲Tӡ
ˣҸӣң̹ģߣ
̫һҲ˵ģɨһһɵĴܡ
۸
ڴˣӻ·С
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ȿȣ컯˻ˣʧˣ˻ڻ·У컯˼һ¡

ղţֹʡ
̫˵ӣƺ⣬˺󡭡Ǭ
˺̫˳Цҵһ
Ȼˣдһ䡣
λϵǳϵһȥһ¡̫ꡭ֪̫ʲô뿪˵

ƣ
ʮֲ޲Tֻ˼Ϊʲô
컯˺̫һ壬Ŀ˸ղŵһУԸܺãο޲Tһ䣬޲TѽĪҪǱˣ޾ġ
ȻǴģֻ޲Tһ£ʧǵ뿪ˡ
컯ǰ𲻿ɳʱϵ˵һλĪҪ֣
ᣡ
ûУе𺳣̫ǺԻ𣿡
ǰɣҲ̫ס컯ֻúŪඡ


270 ˷ܵ½ѹ
̫Ѿǿ˵ز𣿡ղԪɣΪ̫ˣû뵽ԽԽԶˡ
Ǻǡ컯һЦûԭȴ˵ǹϲѲԪɣϲɺذ
ǼǼϲˡҲ

˺һ̸컯ϲֵļһ뿪ˡ
޲TһֺҲи򣬴˺Ҳˡ
Ĺս飬һ֮Ҳ뿪ˡ
ΨԼŮΪӣ濴˿裬ûӦ
÷һʧ
Ѿſ֪ˣǼʶ̫ĵҺɨǧ֮Լ֮ǰܴˡ
ΪԼΪӣԼˡ
֮ǰԽԽУʵʮֲпᡣ
º󡭡
һξĴսʢû֪Ҳࡣ
һǲǼԿʼˣǴʱ򣬲̫޲T
ʶ˴εĴս֪˲֪

ۻصʱ̫һ˷ܡ
κɨĲ̬̽ȣĲ࣬kҲΪѡֹ̫
ãҲΪѣҲͱΪѣֻҪǶһĿƣŻദĺġ
̫϶̬ȣǺܴջ
뵽޲T̫֮е㵣ˣ᲻޲TͲˣҪ޲TĻô죿޲TȷǷҪǱֵ˭
޲Tñţ̫˸е뵽
ʵһѵһʵ̫롣
ʵ̫һ˵Ҳͺ޲T£Ȼ̫ռһЩƣ
ΪͷһԵʣȻ˺ɨľ档
̫ʵ飬ˡ
⽫Ǳѹʥ˵ֶΡȱ׻Ԫ޽ɵʱ򣬵һʱʥܽҲ޾塣̫˿
Լµͷ˼ֱ߽ݾܶ࣬Ǿˡ
ȷ߽ݾûǰ;ûǰ;Ҳܴ˰
ԼˣٻΣٵƴ⵹ã˼ֱӳʥ
ٵƴ˼ãȷˡ
̫ˣڶ⣬ϵһ޾ʥˡ
Ұʱչ߽ݾǰһһͣԭأԼһøǿ
ԽԽǰ;ǹľͺá
ˣ̫ʵһԪڵΪһлԪڵʵ
ȻԪ޽ɵʱǾͱʾڵĵһǿﵽԪ޽ɺڵʵ
ʥˣҲͻԪ޽ɳڵʵԴҲͺԼѡ
һټԼֶκѹʥûˡ
ںϵĺǼһһ㲻һУκ໥þ˵ԴԼ̬ȣܲԼͲǣԼҲ鷳
ƽ⣬ʶҲˡ
˵ԼͺĹϵܺá
Ҫһֱ޵ȥˣߣ㹻ʱ䣬ǲ˻Ԫ޼ɵĵزѹɡ̫ʮ뵽

ͷº̫˱Լһлɵ½ѹ
Ȼ籾ȷһЩħҴ棬½ѹˡ
ҴΪóǳĿĵģ½ѹ£ҲСҪ󣬲ܺն˺޾ֻǣ֪α谭½ѹ㲻ˣ
̫˼һˡ
ЩģͺǣȻǡ
ֻҪǺͺ󣬲ڡ
ˣҪɣֻܰ˵˾ˡ
̫˼½ѹûûкնʱ
ԶںϷԵ½ѹȻЦˡ

û뵽û뵽ȻˣԱûԼˣ˵̫ñƤȴӸ˱˵Ҫл̫һˡ
½ѹ˷ˡ
֮ǰһɣʮֵơ
û뵽ڸղŷ֣Լ˵ˡûˣˡ
̫ˣڲĵˡ
飬ǣʱ鷳ûԼٷֻҪתƣǾްˡ
˿̣½ѹûһѹˡ
뵽ˣ½ѹãػɨ۴õĺĴء
һĻǳȤ顣
ֻһһ˷ܵĿһ󷨣½ѹеȤ
ûˣˣȻҪϸϸĵá
ˣ¡


271 ɺϻ춨
ƿ󷨣ֵҵš

½ѹϣ⨺
һ·Ϸ裬޾ĥߵ˴˵أϷԵѾˡ
䷢һ󷨣Ժ˵ģ鱦ˡ
һ·ϣӽ˺ܶľ顣
ֻ꼱æס˷ܵĺӣںӲУ
粻ɴ⣬ôֵ飬ܻ֮žǽѵˣưȫĵط˵ĵط
⻰˵꣬һ£룺ǰܶ࿴ƺܰȫƽ͵ĵطһתۼ䣬ǿưȫĵطͱ˶֮ء
Ҫ˶ԴûСˡ
Ҳ˺ܶͷߵ˴˵ء
˲˱壬任ɺģץĿ󷨣ʣֵܣ󷨿ȥûΣհ
ȴǰȥûΣաǺǴ˵ǾͲˣֵҪСĽУ˲Ҳſ˵ʱǻʱ򣬲ۺʱεضҪСġ
Ѿζ³çĺڿҵĽ̸ˡ
ӵԸǰ£꿴ţܻҡ
ⲻֿʼϽˡ

û뵽ǣһ½ѹ
ֻڿе½ѹ̾ǰκεĴ⣬һҪСģ֮ǰΪûҪ⣬ȴ뱻ֱ̫Ӻɨ
½ѹˣǸС˰֮ġ
޾ˣϲǰϸ۲

ۺӣ˵һ
ֵҿѣҪΪʩչ󣬶ᱻ˷ֶǾͲˡ
ǣˣֵܿƽ󷨵İ취
һЦģҵĴ󷨵ĴУƿӦòѣֻҪһʱѡ
Ǿͺãǲȱʱ䣬ȥΧתһȦûˣֵо󷨡˵꣬ûشһ̲ˡ
ǺＱԸѸˡҲû⣬ΣͳԽһĸ顣
˵ΪĸԸս

½ѹЦˣ˺ܲܲ
½ѹȻ֣ƺԴ㣬أԼɵġ
ҺÿֲЩһ˲ţ½ѹ˿Ѿˡ
Ȼһ겻֪

ǣ½ѹҲ֪顣
ġ
ֻһɺһΪİ׺ڵǡ
ڻǱ˷ˣȻΣգСɺ㲻عңԼܾǡ˵
޾ǰ̫һκɵġ
֮ǰСϿܶ࣬ʱݣȥ˺ܶࡣ
ˣǳܲɵģ˺ܶࡣ
ֱھٳΪԱԽ٣˵ĸҲԽԽǳ
֮ǰǵػɣܻζѺñǡ
˵֮ǰϿȵ飬ϣиɡ
κΣɱ̫ˣ³ٳٲܻΣʱԽãϿڵԽģĸʼ뿪ˡ
ǶɷˣҲȲȥˡ
Ȼ
ڰĩɾѾ̫ҽɵĲˣ̫ҸֵĲΣǺϿڵ˷ܵġ
Ҳػɡ
ֱһϿԹ飬Ժ˶ʧȥϣˡ
ԭ
һֱɵСɺףΪǳûйԴʱţѾıԵ
ʱˣһôҾ顣
ɾȻԼıԴһ֣Сɺ׵ԪС
Сɺ׿ǿıԴ׵˲ɣȴΪԴʧ̫ҵ˽ɡ
ǿСζѾˡ
Ԫһʡ
ΣΪСɺʧһ֣˵ûǿĻԵһӲܻζˡ
ʶϿڵ鶼ȥˣֻʣСɺػһֱΪ
ɸ磬ǲȥģ㲻˵ˡСɺѾγһŮӡ
Ϊ˺ɸ׽Լȡӡ
ƴҲ˺ġӼᶨ˵
һ̾Ǻαأ
ûɣֻ򲻻Ҳܡӱ˵
ɼҲ˵ʲôˣðɣ䲻ͬͬˣʵ
ɺȻʵ֮ǰ˵㵱ÿƭģʵϲģֻ֮ǰҵ𣿵ͷˣҲˡ
ģӾϲʵֻ
ġɼᶨ˵
~ӺȻһЦûκεźˡ
˵꣬Ķһۣܻе㡭
ˣ㿪ĵģ˵ûۣ˵ɱһ䡣ǣ˵ģǸأҰο˵Ҳ˵
š׵˵ͷ˵˱Ϊء
˿ʼСϣˡ
֪ܷ󷨵ĴڣΪ̫ҲΣ类ˡ
󷨣һĴΪ߶ֲˣ˵һµΪˡ
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272 ˵ܲţ
СΪ̫ˣȥ궼Ʋ󷨣Ҫһ¡
һԹۿ½ѹͷˣֻΪ̫ˣѶʱƿ󷨡
ʶʼаˡ
½ѹԪɲεΪгְֻ꣬нɵĲΣȻˡ
ˡ
ʮ귢֣ûԼѣҪ˶þƿ
úӺ˷ܡ
Ȼ
ڵɺ׾ˡ
õʶٶȺǾˡ
˿ٶȣһĴ޽ɶ
˲оӣ
ֹʮꡭ
~
ƿˡ
ֻ˷ܵķ˺üͷƿˣƿˣһ鱦
˷ܵĺҪѸٵıץסˡ
ôô³ç
ӺΣˣˡ
˰׵ˡ
Ϊ׺Ѿ͵Ϯֿˣͽĸ̸̸
Ȼ
˼󣬶ɵˡ
أôһһˣ뵽
鱦أôһһŮӣӺ

˭޶ƻǵΪΣʵз˺ܶ࣬ɺӺͽɵˣƺԸˡ
Ǹƻ󷨣ôֹʵΪ֮ǰôŮӳֹ
˫궼еȦ
ܲ˵Ƿ󷨣ǰľ飬һб
֮Ҳ˵Ϊˣûҳȥ
֮˫еΡ
ǣ½ѹΣȻôˣ
ߣǺֱӣȵϻ˵鱦ǲˣ
׺е㲻ʲô˼
ڱбһ㣬ĺܶ鶼֪
ʶɺȻ˿
λˣûκ鱦ǵ֮أʵΪ󣬱Ϊӣûеû뵽λѡ

滰ֵܣɵĻɻĴѯʵ
ҲеɵۣȿȣӦǰɡ
겻ôˣܸоʱ׽ĸо
λôƺʵ
Ȼ棬˫ǽɵĲΣʶûçײ֡
һеȦ˶ڿǣԥ
µɡ
СŮӵס
ɺ˵꣬졣
ȿȣʵλѣƺѣΪ飿
꣬˺һŵ˵λѿܲţµֳ꣬ս
˲䣬˶ˡ
˵໥ĵź󣬺ȻĪ׽С
ףȤ
ʱȻһ
ٿʱֻһĵˣѾǰˡ
ֻԪһĵϺصѹˡ
˺ܵģǹǰ
½ѹ
Ҳû뵽ƿ󷨺󣬻ľ档
ǣɺͺһƺҲǱԴȫɵģҲԼɵġ
ң⼸ˣƺǣĺܴ󰡣ܸоһйأǾݲ
λСС걾ԴǿȴԼԵԴСҲһԴҲޱǿȴҲԴ
½ѹֵȻǻħԳ˵ĺ᣻С꾹Ȼ̹ŵָСһ㣬δ֮ǰȻдԵ˵㻯ֻ鲻ܲأٳٲܻΡ
ˣԼĸžȻȫָ˳
˵ж
Ƿ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊĸֲصģǵȴǲɱ˵ģǲмҲǰӡ
ԣĸʵõģֻҪһ޷
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˲䱻ź󣬷̫ˣΪòСסˡ
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277 غϵعԭ㣡
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ȫ·ѷ͵ɽ
Ҳû˵
֪ˣС޾ɡ˵꣬ͱĿˡ
һлŤͷˣŮİΣסˣԼȺƺҪ޲TıԼҪϻȥ
ȴһݺЦˡ
Ȼ̫ѣѾ֪ϵʬ֮ɹˣֻҪնȥʬҪϺ޲Tĵ·ˡһܵõĸм޲Tᣬ˵ᣬҲ㿪ʼˡû뵽޲TᾹȻ֣أ̫Ѷ֣
ֻǣϵ޲TᣬѵֻΪ˴ˣҪ飿ǲ̫ˣ
ʼԹˡ
ƺԼ޲TᣬҪȥ޾鰡
Ϊôôп᣿
Ȼ֪ǣɲǴ򵥣жԺޱҪĲȫҲԲġϵ
ԲչţҪһд˵飬̫kˡ
ֻԲת
ʱֻ˵ƿˣǳ׵ת
ԣΪ˺ϵԲΪ˽Ҫһ
ʱ壿δʥǣѾֺˣǳֻҪƻ¾С
ȣȫġ
Ϊ˺ģǧħôΪ˺ģһֺη

豻ɽĲȷر֧ˣֻص˴ǰľ档
컯һȦԼһЩ壬̫ĵ񣬲׼׳ݡ
˺컯˻ص̫硣
̫İʱƿˡ



278 ԨѪ
ף磬Ѫɷ֮˺ܶడ
ɽԨ̹ŵС
ʱʮѾȫǣΪǿѾ̫ҽɵĲΡ
ʣΪ͵ʮܵ۽Ҳﵽ˽ԲĲΡ
ǲԪȫɷĥʶʵ棬ԪʿҪࡣ
ֻҪɷ㣬Ǿĸ졣
֮ǰ٣޲Tĳɷɷֱ̹ŵ˺ʮĥ
ʮ׷ֱǣ
һȫ죻Ϊʱ֮ף
棬Ϊâľ֮ף
滢ۣ˫ߣΪգ֮ף
ģͷֲۣ̤Ϊˮ֮ף
壺ͷۣߣ̤ΪףڣϷ֮ף
棬ʮβΪ⣨֮ף
ߣߣߡͷ㣬⣻Ϊǿ֮ף
ˣߣúߣΪȣ֮ף
ţ˫ȮߣΪݱʬ֮ף
ʮˣһޣȫйǴ̡Ϊڤ֮ף
ʮһβ֣ǰ˫֣˫ߣΪ֮ף
ʮ״ң絤ĿΪ۽ռٶף
ĳϴλã۽ֻСһ

Ϊͻɣ粢򵥡ǿ֮ǰɷѪ˵ԶҪǿɷˣ˵սˣʱͣϢˡ˵
һЦ̫ˣ˸Ѫ綼Ǹ񿪱ٵģټǿΪ治״
ĸ˵öԡףҲҵȺεݣ»磬Ҳ˸ǳ飬ǳ󣬶Ҫͳģ񿪱ٵ磬һҪͳβſɡ
ףЦ˿̵˻ǺѺõġ
ĸ硢Բӣ˵ûҵȻҪһΪãҲˣɷ򵥣˵鶼СԼС˵ɷ
ڤʮУΨŮԣʮֳݴ磬ʶףڵԡ
ʮ̫Сˡ
ǡףҲǻ
ǣڤеֱ³ç֮ˡ
ˣһȡ
磬ʮһλܵãǺָġ
ԣϺ㣬Ƕġ
ڲЩʱҵȻǾ壬ѺջζʱȻ̽飬˿һöûС
˵ĶԡһЦӦ
ģ绯Σ˺˵һĿȻˡ
ϧҵȲԪ񡣴е֪Ԫ̽ˣȴʮ۽̾Ϣ
ʮܣҪǰԪãҵǿԺɨһУǰԪҲã˵Ҳա˵
ǣǿܺɨһУҪԪá
ǿƿ磬˵Ҫġ
Ҳô˵ϸϸ˵һ䡣
ûڼλ磬Ԫ̸
Ψʮһһû˵
֮ǰɷ㣬ûʱɷĥ
޲Tı¶󣬼컯˺Уȥ˺ܶ೯̫ĵ
ʱһƽУʶɷ˺ܶ࣬ɷʮˡ

ȻеĲֻʮס
޾ѪʱڤѾãΪҲѾﵽ̫ҵĲΡ
Ȼζʱ򣬾ܴﵽ޽ɵĲΡ
ǰʱ䣬ѪѪѪ˲١
Ѫ󣬶ڤҲо޴ƶá
ѪڤӲ˵ľ˼
ѪԽڤӵĺôԽǧѪѪѪѪɱڤӿٽҪ;
Ѫɱ˺ܶ࣬ڤеɻ
Ц
޾ѪëȻʵڤӣòȴʮֵĿ
֪ô£ѵսͣˣǽˣ˺ܶѪɱҲãǼһİ鱦ɡ
ڤǸ׼ĸԣ
Ʒ鱦кü
Ԫ˼Ʒ鱦ĲΣ
ʮƷҵǼƷеļƷ
⣬ڤĶ鱦ڤʮߵƣʮ˵ƵļƷ鱦ֻһơ
̫غԪˮ죬ڤӽһƷ鱦
⡭
Ѫڤӵһ鱦бĴڣڤӵļֱ߱κι硢Ѫɡڤ졢ԪǡѪҵڣ
ڤһ˾ռóΪѪ֮ڤ档
޾ѪѪɡѪκιļҲǶ鱦Ĵڡ
Ȼ
ڤ֣ⷢ
ѪһͨһʱյͨͨĪ⡣
ڤӼǵãԼյûãһʶ˺Ѫγ֮ء
ҿƺΣմڣʱżﴫһġʡ
Ǳ̹ǵÿһʱ䣬һѯʣ˭˭ֻءֻء
һڤеš
֣
֮ͨأƺһԼȥҲ̽鲻һС
һҲ˲١
д˼ɵ֮ڤٶȸˣΪԷ⣬Ѫ͡
ǰʱѪ󣬽١
û뵽ȻѪͣסˣ˸ղڤӵɻ


279 ƻ
ʮ׺ڤӵĲֻٶˡ
̫ĲӾ޴
̫ںЭ飬ƿʱ󷨺ʱ󷨵Ĵ
ֻһصתĺʣˮڤڤжδ֪ڤڤ
С̫̤С֮󣬲֪ʲôɣֻСգۼɢˡ
ãʱ̫Ѹٵĳ֣С׵ʧˣҷʧںС
̫ȫı֮
̫Ψһջ
ԤƵĲܴ󣬱Ϊʱǳû뵽ʱһ˻һѡ
С϶ϡȱ䱦Լ֪ô˽ƣСɢˡ
̫ȫ֣֮ȡö
̫ͷˣйҲˣܲܰʱһٰɡ
ʱڻеղضкöϧϧ
еö̫Ҵˣ֪ʱûбֶΡ
ȥʱڣʱֹͣҾͲʱվֹʱֶλá
̫߷ߵһʧں֮ϣʱڡ
ʱڣ̫ף֮ǰΪﵽ˻ԪɵĲΣƽ󷨽һٵʱ䡣
ʶ̫Լ鱦˻Ԫɵļʮ˲ơ
ʱ̣ӡҪԪ޽ɲſɼԲ⡣
ʣԪˮ죬ѾƷ鱦ˡ
ȻһԵʣҲԪˮԲˡ
̫ȻоԼʵԣ컯컯ԪȪ졢ὣȸ˵ڶ֮
̫õóֵĶƺҲͼˡ
ԣϣƿʱ󷨣Ҫջһ
ʧˣʱһ

ʶ̽ȥһöУû̫е壬̫˿
ֻһζμ̫治ϵݱ䡣
̫֣ʱصһʱĸʱͨڻжԻħļء
ǣ
̫һ
ʱȻħϵʱͼݣʱ˺ļƻ
ƻ̫̽󣬾һ亹
ȻڻУ㵽δһ磬൱׼
˲νڻУɱ͵Ϯܶ飬˵
ǳһЩıԴͼ䣬˺̹ſʱһЩ飬һСС
Ϊ飬ΪʼݱСеġ
е¡
һ㣬֪Լǵͣˡ
Ϊ˶ȹѺǰںĵСˡ
ЩС籾չ켣ݱԼʶͺñȺĵ
˺ЩûиʶһСıԴʶƿСת

кܶС羹Ȼ˸ˣ֮ǰʱûǰ˵֮Ρ
ϸ˵ûԲǰ
ʵֶμֱ̫Ԥϡ
ԣǰԼǣЩС磬ЩǣΪһСġ
󣬸ݻвµĽƣƿЩСġ
˺󣬿ЩСıԴʶӶѸٵĻָΪϾˡ
֮󡭡
̫̾
ҩֻҪ³ܸݻµĽƣӶСʶͱԴһһЩС󣬾㲻Ѹٻָ֮ΣҲָܻԪ޼ɵĲΡ
̫ˣ
֮ǰ̫ˡ
ںĵС磬ǺԼ֪ĺܶ񻰵硣
ʲôߣʲôƤʲô׺Լȡ
ΨһȻĿʱ𵴿һС磬߻սʱٵС硣
ЩСںܱߣһ˱޾ͬ
˵ЩСͬĺһ㣬ܺͺĵĲܴ󣬵Ҳһ硣
ʱ֮ͨǰֶһСıԴƾָ
˺ǿһزʱ򣬿Էģƿغġ
Ϊݴ̹ŵĵͨĽݾͨԴΨһ·
̫Цˡ
ʲô̹ŵأֻһԴǾǱ̫
û뵽ʱһҲӲʹʱ
ܸɳӴļƻҲǵɺģõʲô̹ŵ
ֱǻۼ޺ͼΪǵ뷨
źǾģǵȷţеĵطҲǡ̲˵䲻ĻдأΪ᲻ܲʣ
ֵ̫˵ֻ˱ԴһСֺۣߣǿԿӵġ

Ȼ˱𡣡̫֣ʱ̲С籾ԴĽƣȻ
ȻҲ֪ÿС綼ɹҲǹмСıԴʶ趨ģҲҪ
̫̽һֻ֣ҪԼﵽ˻Ԫ޵ĲΣҲһС磬䱾Դ
ǣҲȱ㡣
ʱɣǾ絽ˣֻǻָƶѡ
Լûǰߵľ磬ҪС籾Դ¡
̫ӣ»ᱻűըˡ
ֵ̫˵ˣЩС˶ϧ˵ˡţǲûҵġҡˣǾûеˡããǶ˶̬κúá
̫뷨
֮ǰ;ãȥС棬Ƕõ顣
ʱȣҪЩСǾͲˣ˺ܶȤԼĵġ
οֹ̫
ΪҪ̲أҪƿЩС磬һģúı󣬴˺취ת޾һĻԽԽ󣬶ҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽ෱ӡ
ǵٻŮĻţＸ֮ε͸ҽһ磬ʱıƣаħʤߺߣŲűڽģʱʲôʲô򼾫ǻŵÿ޵񣬺ĸһ



280 ֻؼƻ
̫һʱȻˣµƻԼǿһ¡
СȻںģ˵ҵҵġ
кڣҲһС籾Դʶڡ
Ͼһ˺ȻС磬һСģⷢйһ£˵һС硣
ԣСҵıأױ֡
ΪĲŶ٣
ЩǱĴֵܷģ˺봫ġ
Ժܶ౻ֵС磬Ϣܲͨȴһഫ
һһ磬໥ͨԡ
ǣ̫ʱ׵ķֺܶ౻ʱ½Ƶˡ
һûͷѰңҪǿ˺ܶࡣ

ֿ̫һʱʼɻˡ
ҲûһҲһĵųأǲ֪϶ǣ̫뵽
Լݣ֮ǰԻķ񶨣̫жϡ
һμʱ̫ѯʹš
ǰ˵
һԴգһڡ
һ˵ǣ׼ͽ·ˣԺΪ״ӣⷽĹǡ
һ˵֤ʵˣȷ˱麣ţԴɾ
׼ͽƽĸţȴȻǳɾʥ˵ĵλ
˵ֻãΪֲ̫ǲŵġ
ںܾǰ׼ͽĸԸֲţΪࣿ
̫ûɵӣϲҲûҪ
ôˣ׼ͽǿӼ֣˴ߣǳн
ôƽƽˣƺĿ
ģָĻָ㡣
˶ħ
׼ĴħͰ
̫Լݵİ˾Ųʮˣɾ׼ͽľħ
Դ˺׼ͽɷԵȻΪͺͺĸ鲻ôãԷĸɴࡣ
ңġ㣬Сжз֮ڡ
һ룬ôҴܣɲ˵ķ˵ʲô
˵иĻָǰ֪С磬Դ
ʱļƻһж˵Ŀˡ
׼ͽı󣬶ϼһڷ̫֡

ߣ̫˸Ц䲻֪ǰεȳɾͣȻñˣͣһɣᶢס㣬ļƻʵֲˣúõС粻ǻˡ
̫ŵģʱԼɵˣο
ԼķҲõ컯Ľϣ治㵥һɣ

̫¿ֿ˷˼һĻ
ֻҲ𣿡̫ɻˡ
ֻѾɵˣôк֣
ʱֻزԼ䡣
ʱӵӣֻҲʼˡ
Ūƻ
һǺռģƻʧˣֻؽֻ𣬴Ӵ˲ֻءܴ²ֻصȨ
⣿
̫еĿɿڴֻصĴڣôоʬأ
ѵǽʬ֮潫Ҳֻأ̫Ծ
ף
̫˼һᡭ
˵ֻֻͨأݴʬ֮潫Ҳǵڤ磬ѵֻصڶƻһϵ⣬Уʬһ壡
һᣬ̫ƿڴ
֪ħûһ򵥵ģû뵽Ȼˣʲô½ѹ˳˵ɵʱټ͵ڶֻأ
ֻһﲻֻصȻСǿʣ̫ˣÿһεĴڣˡ
̫̾
ʬһ磬Ȼ벻ƻǲСӵĴڡ
Һã
̫˿ǿǿҲǿӵдԴԼԼڹ
ֻҪԼ֪˼ƻǾͺðˡ
ǵļƻٻǼƻԼ޾еС
ûЩСԼû˼ء
ȻǶƣǱͲϵƻ˭Ĺ˭
ˡ
̫ϸ˺öʱһЩΪ֪ļƻνջܴ
ȻʱԼļʥ޵ȣļʥƺҲѹʲôһ㣬̫ףҲû֮ǰƻԾ
ļʥ׻ȸ䣬ȷѹһ޹ؽҪ
Ȳ˵ѾǾܳҲǱķݡ
οļʥҲǿѹĵʥˣʥް
һ̫ûеģһҲúõûгӣҳӣԼ˿̵ΪҲӦ˵׬ôء

̫һöڶ̽


281 ʱԲ̣
ڶöУʲôûУ̫һ̽һ
ף԰ôûмأƺе㲻ͬ
̫еɻ߳ʱ̿ռ䡣
Լ뷨뷨߶ʱ򡭡
¡~
ֻǳҵԴͷһ㣬ӵˮʼӿ
һ̼䣬ֻӵˮȫڡ
̫һ̽ʱһϲ
ȻʱĻ鱦Ƭʱ䳤ӵһ磬еˮȻʱˮºӵ׵ɳʱ֮ɳ׬ˡ
̫ϲķ֣֮ǰӣȻʱĻ鱦Ƭ
ʱˮޱȣʱˮʱһ
̫нޱȵ
̫ʱóҲܲʱ󷨣Ҫĸ̫ʱ䷨
ÿζỨѺܾõʱ䣬ռһЩʱ侧ʯ
ʱˮͲһˣʱ䱾Դʱ鱦һǣԶʤԼ۵ʱ֮
һʱ֮ˮڼٵʱУˣڸ򾳽ޱȵҪĥġ
⣬ʱˮϣһƷ鱦ʱԲ̣
վʱˮʱòˣһʱԲ̵ģ
ʱԲ̶棬ֻҪĿ̶ȣεĹˣõ֮ԪȻֹˡ
ֱ
ҷӡһʱ֮󣬿Ϊһʱյʱ֮ӣȫͨʱԲ̣ƿһʱյʱ
һףֻҪߣͿ׵ʱñ˵ĹԼͿɶ
ʱ֮ԵʣֻҪĹʱţֵܵеĹ
һӡļƷ鱦
ʮ˵ƣֻҪ̫ԼӼʱһƿأ鱦̫İܳߡ
ò˵Ǿ޴ջ
̫Լ򵥵һ£ðʱԲ̵ԼֶΡ
˺󡭡Ǻӵ׵ɳʱˮʱʴһΪѵõ鱦Ĳϡ
̫һȫռʱ֮ڡ
û̫û뿪
ϥ뾻УʼϢ
֮ǰİûľԪɵ߲㡣
ĲԶˣʱĥѡ
ˣ̫ϲȲļһõʱˮȻҪһ衣
磬ת
̫ʱˮͲҶһֻʱ俪ʼѸٵת
ת˲ǧ꣬ʮ꣬ǲʱˮϺļޡ
һ˲ǧ꣬οʮˣ̫²ˮʮľͨˮĥĹƿˡ

䣡
ʱʼ̫ۣ̫ԪĲΪٴξͻƺ󣬼ȫԸϴ֮ȫ̫֮ԪռУʼ
¡~~첻ϣԪռУڿһһ㡣
ˣʮꡣ
ˣ
~~
죬̫ϿʼתԪϢʼγɾڻԾɷʢ󡭡

գ̫һȣ
޾ɾʼ̫ԪͨŶķ֮ҲʼԪռ䡣
һʧָֻ̫ǰԪһ˿Ϊӡ
̫֪Լջж
ﵽԪɵ߲㣬ΪһĽ壬ﵽԪĵز
̫Էøӵǿˡ


һ
̫컯ˣȻҲо˱仯
˺ѸٵĿʼű
Դӣ컯˵ľ磬ȻҲﵽԪ㣬Ϊﵽ˻Ԫ㡣
̫ˣջܴ󡣡컯˺ƽ˵
ʲô¶ûһ
Ψ̫飬ֻǸоһѹɨ˺Ͳˡ


̫Ц󣬽չԲڴﵽ˱Ԥڣ
ο֪һЩܣǵõʱԲȣԱ˵Ҫ鱦ʱò˵ɾ˱𣬱л㣬컯Ҳл㡣
ʤߵ̬̫Ȼ㱻ɵ˺ܶ⡣
Լջһܴʱһֵ𾴵Ķ֣֮ǰ֮С
̫̹Ȼ
𣡡
ֻ̫һ֣Ѿ׵ʱȻ׵ĵ
ˡʼת
е󷨻ʯ죬Ѿ̫̫ƿش󷨵Ȼ
˺ܿϧƻҲܿϧ
֮ǰ̫˵ñרǰ
Ĵ󷨣Ϊʮ춼ɷǶ΢ɽ
˻ħһһ޲T
̫ʱ󷨣Ͽռһ֮󣬴һԽĴ󷨵ģʱմ
ԣٿʱССԼС
ʱմĸҪͨо󣬼ԼĿռһ󷨡
ѾǶټϹĦʮ춼ɷԼǿˡ
һ̫ΪϲȻҪĶɧ



282 ˣ
ʰһеֻ̫һ֣ȦȻˣһᣬ˿̫
ݼү
֮ǰ̫ս˻ڣ˺̫ʱսټһЩе飬Ĵڡ
ڸղ̫ʶ˳
һȦӣ̫еΣ˼Ūӿһˡ
ȿȣɣѾˣǴڶ壬컨ҲˣػļƷ
үԲʮƷеС˵
ϾʮƷǶħе͡
ȻţܿʮƷΪѵá
ŶȻ˵˵̫ʵ
ǣү֮ǰүСչصʱ򡭡
ͣô˵Ҳһ޻ʮƷĸˣƺͿɣС˰ɡ̫ǫƺ
⡭ǣСүԸ
ţԳˡֵ̫
лүл
˵˵
ǣ
ֻ֮ǰүս˻ڣڶʱڵõͻƣ˴ڵĵز뻨ػģûүķԸүкһֱûл˺󡭡ȴʱԽԽҲû¿үڵĹ;顭ֱٺľﵽ˴޺ڵĲΣүȻûкҾͳԵĿʼչͻƵػǰʮƷҶʱڴﵽ˴ڵ۷塣

̫˵һ
̫֣ûбİ취ʱ۳ģԼڵġԵʣû·ҡֱָʶ˴˿̵ĳɾ͡
뵽ˣ̫ʼԼļλˣʯ顢ľޡѡ񣬻Ԫӡ
úŬǻؼҡ
̫˵꣬ܶصİϢֽɵĲΣ̫һԾϣϥϣϺȥ
֮ǰҪѰҵ֬ƿ̫ʱˡ
ѾõʱˮˮڴҲСˡ

ģ˵ס
̫Ϻʱ򣬺ȻԶһƺȻ
ֻһسֳʮ˵ȦǹȦۣܱߵ¶澰󲻶ϳ֡
ףʮ˵ȦǼƷ鱦û뵽á
ǹȦȥ
үϲүҪõһƷ鱦ˡ˵
ֵ̫ĶĻܡ
̫һЦȻҲôΪ
ȦɢȻ鱦ûȫ澰ǵᡣ
̫Ҳûż·ݣ鱦ٻǧʱ䣬ȥҲǵȣᱩ¶ǰһĺá
鱦ĳ¶֮ǰȫû󣬵õҲ֪鷳̫뵽
շеʱȻʵ
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ôԼɷûأ
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̫ҲˣԴӸղԼȥʱ󷨵ʱķ˵ָˡ
Լ˾ǺĶѣεģһ㷢ֲҲо
ԼͨõˣԵĸоźӡ
ҲʱӺ;ˣѹˣ
⼸˲ѹԼŵˡ
̫̽һԼ˵򣬷˼Լش飬λӵˡ
Ȼһ
̫һ˸·ʱ򣬾Ѿĸıɷ
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еɻ
̫ȴʲôʶ˵֮ǰΪĥĵģ˵ĥɷΪ㲻㻹Ϊû취ǵɷ
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ˣ֮ǰүԼɷ죬үⲻˣİ취ԼĥĶѡ
֮ǰ˵Լӻ
ԼĻʮƷү⣬ԷָԼһЩ˻ɷټԼĥûˡ

ϲ񣬻չ衣
̫ȴǸĲͬ
һ棬ղ鱦Ҳһ棬ͼʶ㲻ͬˡ
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֮ǰʱһУһʱûڳںĴأȻܲͬ
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ҺԼкüѹˣԼ˲ʧԼķԵʣ컯̫ӵˮ
£ˣҲˡǣԼһûб仯ǰңڡ
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Ѿǵһμˡ
ڷɽ޲Tıûʵ֣Ӳ޲T޲Tеܡ
ʱ壬컯˵޲TҲϴɱǣǳ׵ĺ
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Ǽѣڼ֮һǿߺ࣬Ǽѡ
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Ԫɣ߽Ĵڣ峤׽֮ǰвƽˡ
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Ī˵Ʒ鱦һƷ鱦޸ֵ䣬οȼƷ鱦ˡ
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峤꣬Ŀݺݵɨڳĸ֣һɫģΪ̫ҽɵĲΣǺڻԲļһ
ԼĿȻ˶ܣûһѰˡ
˵ʲô˵Ϊ鱦ϧһ
ͷҲһ޳۷Ϊĸ֣һȰλǾ뿪ĺã鱦ҪΪ鱦ǾͲֵˡ
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үȥ룬Ȼүߣ壬֮ǰҲûгԹ
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ףڵ˽𣿵նˣҲãվԼΪͨ죬ĸԤҲˣǾͿԼˡԪɷ֪Ԫֻţֻ֤Ԫ޲ᱲ֮˵Ŀ꣬ôͿǷܼˣɱñһ֤Ԫޡ
ֱĿ

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286 пᣡ
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287 ޲TЦ̫ŭ
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ѣδҪ۵дһĺ˾ˣǲŹģֻܸˣɱĺٺͺһ𡣡
ǣ
˵꣬ŭ̫˲ʧˡ
⣿һ̾
û߳أģ̫Ҳû
ܲⰡ
Ƿ̫أǿɲ˵˾ġ
˿֪̾ˣΪǷĶˣ̫⣬벻أ
ĵط
ĺ֮ղԶˡ
ҡҡͷ



288 ׷ɱ
˵ĺ棡
͵Ϯ֮󣬿ʼȫϳ֮ȥо̫׷ŹԼҲûкڣֻȫԸ
̫Ҳƣôֻ˵ģû뵽б鱦һ졣
ĺ͵Ϯ̫㣬ѵĺһ֣
˵ٶȿ쵽˼ޣκΣ֮ǰ̫ãѾĺɶݺԶˡ
̫ͨ׷ѰͲ֪ĺȥˡ
޽ھοǻԪɲεĸˡ

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ףи·ȻлԪɲεΪ治˼飬ѵΪ˸ߣ
һѵħָ׼ʱȻ˼ٵ·
͸¶ϢѴﵽԪɵĲΣħܳԾ
ǰôˣ׼ͽħɻ󣬲ʵ
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ħ˼ˣҲ֪ʱôˣôˣѵҲϵһ㱻˵Ѿˣ
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Сĵ㣬Ҫ߶
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ϵ˵ֵ꣬ǲ֪λǰõˣ
˵ĵ˼һӦ̫õˣʵĿãƶߵʱ򣬵һѹ޲Tħĺأȥࡣ
Ҳǣϵֻ̾źô䣬嶼û̵ô
չǿΪ𰡣忴ǿʼе࣬峤ڣ˵õ㣿ǲ֪屻ɱ󣬻᲻ᱨ
˵˵꣬ϵˣɣ岻˲ǰɣ˵ˣҲìذ
ǰìأ˵ĵƺˣʣλı飬ʶ˵
ǣھԵѹǰ˵أҪˣǿΪΪȰоԵ棬˵³أ磬ȺɨһҵɢޣʡѪƴ֮󱻱ռ˱ˣ
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ѣɲǰʵǿдĿģҲ󡣵ǣǰ鷳֮ǰҵӲ˰
ϵ˵ˣ˵ĵ˵ĺܶ԰
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ϵչΪˡܵ⡱ӦˣʼѰѰһ
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һһһԼһѪƴ֮󣬿˭ʤߣ
Ϊ˽Ѫϴһɢǿ϶ġ
ɢ޺廹Զܳ֡


289 ˫˶
塣
˼һʵ˵ģǾΣ
ӦȣԼλ϶ûеһڡ
ֻûǶıĹ곤˵˵곤ô
Ϲⲽ˼һ˵峤ӳԶϵǲɱġ
Ϲֵ˵ͳκģֻ϶ѣлкܶĴܺɢޣǲӵġǰɢޣǰ֮ǰɢռԴḻɽռŹԴռݵĵ̿ƺܴ󣬵ʵȴǾشľشʼɢ޵԰ģϴɢȷġ
Ϲ˵꣬㵽ֹ˵һԡ

λֵôʵ
վ˳磬Ϻ͹곤˵ĶԡȷǿͳκģȴԼΪĶѣɢ鲻ǣľشҲȷռݡϴһбҪֻǣֻǲ֪ôǵġ

˵꣬թϹӲ治صģ벻޴֮ˣҲܴ鱦̰塣ҵҲǰɢ޵Ķ֣οǰﶥĴˣˣǰܵನʮλ䣬̫ҽʧʧȴһ񡭡ÿ鱦ÿζ£ֻҪ벻ɵͻףֻܵõ˼ҲҪģ㣬ǲиʣ˵ľĸԸ𣿡

ֻһȲ˵ǰܵķӦҪʧһǵ˵
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ڷˣʧǱȻģջҲǾ޴ģκεõҪиΪ˳ôƣҪĸǿ϶ġ
ݹۺĵʷǻ֣ᷢʱľõľ档»ʳʱȻкܶʵĻʳͬʱ϶ɡ
˿̣õľ棬ϵİֻ壬Դӱ˵Ҳǵˡ
ûзǵƺˣٶȽˣ˵ʲô
˵ҪΪҪϵ˲У嶦ľ棬Ҫ˼Ψһİ취ǡסͳκġ
ǰﲻɢȫĨɱֻ㣬ҵȲĳưԺģϵġ

ǡӦĵʵǰﶥܻô
赣Ӧ档Ϲֵǰܣǲںɢ޵ģֻдǲ˵ģοοӳҵ壬ǲŸɵľģһΣңֻҪ峹˺ģ˱ضǿʱ峤ʵҲѷɫǰܶ٣ʱ˭˭˳ۻ˵أο
ֻϹ˵οǰҲǳưԵĵˣչҪһ۵ģչҪһģֻʤ߲ΨһӮҰ
Ϲ˵꣬һ
뷨Ƕ֪ǶҲ˵
ϹƺˣǱ޿ɱܵľ棬ĳư˺ģʱĵˣضĻܡ
ֻɨеĵˣΨһӮҡ
չ곤˵ȥϵͷɡᶨ˾ĵ

ͷ壬һľ档
ʧأʲôûš
ǽ鱦㣬ưֻЦ
ĳϺĳϻعȺ󣬰֮ǰ峤ϵ˵һ
ͬۡ
ȻȺ峤͸߲ҲɵҲеĹؼ
ƺϴɢ޲ɱˡ
ǽǵʱǲʹߵˡ
ڷ壬ʼ˸λ
λô
峤Բ٣ǱģʤҲӮңֻñժʤĹʵ
峤ⲻɱ⣬Ҳܻرܡ

ۼ˺֮ܶ࣬˵Ľйϵ
ο߲㰴յԣڷƭɣΪˡ
ʶܿһ¾ˡ
Զ壬һ֮̽ҲӦ
ڰĸ߲ܵɽۡ
̹Ŵ棬ϴɢ޵ԡ
˺󡭡
忪ʼ˰еļƻˣҲʼ
ԶԶɢսһЩԸ㶨ľǿɢޣ˽
硭
ƺһɢҲᵽ˽ŵζҲʼϡ
Ϊû־棬ǵɿ壬ǿĸ߲㣬Զˡ
˵ûп롢˵ǿߡ



290 񱩺
̫ûзѵҪϵƴ𣿡Ǳĺеڵĸо
ⶼǧȥˣ̫Ȼ׷Ųš
뵽ǰǴν֣ĺһľսҪԼѹûнֵĴ㣬ѰʱܣǴԼҡ
ҺãǴν֮
ںĺˮˣˮΣϱԴˮ֮ħԴʶں̫ҵ
УҪ֮ȥԽԶĴأƿԽ̫Կҵϵˡ
һĺףĺץϢȫɱ˻ԪɵΪҲܡ
˵һ·ϲͣȣ̫ѰԼ

̫
Ҫ̫컯ͨһ̫Ѿ׷ˡ
ããޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣ȼңԶ̫֣ԽԶĴأԽ
ĺϲ꺣˺ĺͨһ̫಻ԡ
ڸ·̫
Ȼ
𣡡
ֻһֻ֪ޣ
ˣ
̫һ֣ʱ̻һ˲仯Ϊһҡ

ͻȻ͵Ϯ̫̫ˣԽԶĴأУûǵľԽǳֵƵ
ȾûǣȫܵĴڣǺη
̫֮ǰΪԼſȫƣЩ޿־塣
ȴ룬Щ޸Ǻηˣƺһ־嶼ûУ̫ѹҹһ㣬ľǰ
̫еΪˣרоһޡ
з֣Щޣ֮ǰѪʶûп־壬ǿеľȻ޽ɡ
˺̫ѧˣѹ
һȷηˡǣȻ
޸ԶԼĵֱ̣̫ײײһЩ޵ϳ
ÿһʱ䣬̫ɱһЩޡ
ĺͨķʽ赲̫׷ѰĲ

һδɱһ޺̫ȻһЦĺϢˣڲԶ
̫ȫֶΣһԽĺäĿ׷ȥˡ
ģ̫Ŀ̫Ȼ֣ϢӰƺûв
̫ɻ󣬵ʱǿЩʱֻ̫һȥ
¡¡
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̫һȥ֮󣬺ȻԼϵˣǸĺ棬ĺµ塣
ϢҲĺһѪûΪľԻ̫
Ӱ֮أһۺڡ
̫һȥ󣬶ʱǺۺ
ʱһ򱩶ˣҵĺϯȥǴ麣ˮһ㣬ֻıըͺ۵𻵣ȻڻԪֵ
ĺ
ʱ̫𵴵ĺ룬Ȼ˺㹻æˡ
ըͺɢľҺ뷢һ

̫ʱһӣ˲䶨סʱգôʱתǴ֮ء

УںѰΪãںĺ£ֶΣñæҡ
̫һ֮󣬾Լܰĺָļƻߡ
뺣ϣѰңܱǱǿ
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ϣ
ޱ޼ʵĺ˻棬ľˡյգҵĺ磬ϡȱ
̫֣Լƺ֮ǰһԸ
֮ǰĺ֮ȴһֱûʱж
Σ׷ɱĺọ́û뵽Լ֮ǰԸ
ΧӵĻĵطһĴʿǰΣա
ʱʱĿռѷ洦ɼԶŵľſڡ
Ҵ˵ϡȱ
ﲻԪɲε飬ǵΪȫֲԪǰԲٿط֮
̫ãʿˣҲķա
ף
ݵ̫Ȼǰ治ԶĵطȻһڸǵĿռ䡣
̫۲һ󣬷ִ󷨵澹Ȼڣһ֮ء
̫е棬һʱҲĺ̫ƿ󷨿к
һ̫оȻʮʱ䣬ƿ󷨡
ֻ̫̤֮һڤڤеָʾѸٵĴʶ
ȻǴɵ
̫һȣ

̫֪£ƿ󷨲ã뺣֮һ΢Ĳ
Ⲩĺˡ
Ϊ̫Լõ֮ڵĺҲŴ˵ظ˹
󷨵ʱеԾ
˵֮أ󷨵ģô˵ػһĵط
Ҹݾ鿴óڣһؾǬ
ѵϵʱת̫׷ɱǱȴѰҵ֮أ
ĺһ˼Ҳã˵ִ̫ᷢ˵أϵ˵ܶڣ˦̫
һ˼ĺ뺣֮ʼʩչͨ㴳󷨡


291 Աɵ
̫ɵһȥһƬһʧĸо
˵ɵ֮һԱɵɵһԻߣԻԱὣԻԻޣԻ
ݴĺɵֵ̫ȴĿ꣬ݲ
һֻ֮δɢһĵط
ݴɵ˻Уħĵ̹ſʱںģԱὺʼûгֹĵ硢
ݴϣÿһڶкŨڿޱȣϧĵر
˵̨۽Խ޽Դɡ\֮Դʵʵζʳ֮Բϲ֮˽ʥ֣֮һһϦߣɡ
̫ǰԱɵ̫ʧˡ
ݲ֮⣬ȥƺһսս
ֲúֻɵԱὺɵΪԲŲἰ˵ɵڳĴƯڶ硢ȷԱὺȴΪԭûг֣ǻˡ
Ҫ̫˻ԪɵΪ¶̤˵أ˵صĻ֮һ˳ܲˡ
԰˵ɵڣѵ˵صˣʲôԭ򲻳ɣ
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һ̫̽˵ˣֻķȥ̽һ

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ɽģһɽһĺâɽ
̫ո˵ɽԽԽǺ䡣
ⲻ̫뵽һλеĴڣħ
ѵ˵֮ǰǼħĵħ˺ģԱɵףԣ
̫ԽߣԽǷֲԡ
о˵صȷڣѹʲô
˵ĥĺǼͬھ
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ԨɽǴƣɽԨɷ˵Ǻ
̫Ҵ⣬ʩչʼԨײȥ
Խ£ԽǺ䣬̫Եʣһ˿ֱӱˡ
ⲻһϵĺ䣡мĴڡ
Ҳ˵ܶסĲԪ꣬ıԴ
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ʱ
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Աὺ󣬶ʱһƺԴдһĪļ¶
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׼Ǿ޷壬Ѹٷɱȥ

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̫Ԩײʱ򣬷֣һƬ硣
ģֻһɢźԲڿУΧһȦĪĹ⻷ǹ⻷ǣһʱյĸܸˣԲ
ԭˣ̫ϸһ˶ߡ
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Ϊܵɵ
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Ҫջã˭⼫Դ̫ǿˣƺҪֱ
ʹıܣʼ˷
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ûǵĴڣֻԭʼıܣǲνЭЭֻ̣ܺģ໥ѹ
⵼£һʥΪԱʼͼԴʹɵ֮ûɢȥݲޱȵ
ǼԴҲֻбܣͲҪļ˴˿̵ľ档
ͼԴ޾µģѾԶǰۿʶͬھʱˡ
̫֣ҪԼһʱ䣬ܻῴľˡ
ǣͼԸͬھ˺ʧԱɵû䣬˺ûںױ

˵û鱦ǣ⼫ԴҲֻҪ˲ǿΪ򼫺ͨԼãȫԴˣԺһԵ£Ҳܳɾ䶥ܵĸš
̫뵽ˣٻ˻ӣǼԴ
ǣڴʱ
̫
Ǽæϵĺ档
ּԴʱۺˣˮ֮һ֤Ԫɡ
ˮѵϣ˵ⲻһıǼԴֻҪԼˣôˮ֮ͱ֮Ϻǰ;
ʶǷ̫ڴˣҲһ£Ƿһӡ



292 գ
̫ˣаϲû뵽ȫѹ
ĺϷˣԼĺû뵽Լˡ
̫ۿ˿ǼԴֿ˿ĺ棬˲ˡ
ˮϣ⼫ԴĺҪ
㵱Σ͵Ϯ֮˱֮鱦ƱôΣ㻹ǵһ̫
ĺ󣬼̫û̶ˣֻҪе̸ͺá
̫˵Цˣ鱦Եߵ֪ƿϸϵãϵ˵ѵ鱦ڴ˵ѵϵѾ̫ѵˡҪ֪ϵɱĿܡڣ̫ѣʱ׷ɱʵڼ尾ȲѶѡ֮ϵпԣϵҲ֪ˣ
һͣĺİԼժ˳ƺԿһȻҲԼĲԣ
̫ȴЦŵ˵ͷ
ĺ϶̫ˣ̫ڰд߷ʱ󷨣ѺѸٵĿס϶
򣬱׼ˡ
ô˵Ҫл鲻ǣ̫ڽҪʱѯʵ
ǺǣûУңĺ˰ֻ֣Ҫ̫ѰǼԴϵͿɣȻϵҲõѳԿϵҲһƷ鱦̫Σ

̫ЦˣЦдŷŭ
ĺ治ҪƤΪԼĽҲ֬ƿǷԼ顣
û뵽Լ͹ĺ޳ܣȻһƷ鱦
ܺãܺãĺ󵨡
̫ҪֲɣϵȷǵѵĶ֣ںϣϵܻǿԵġĺһţĿΧͬʱʼ
ߣܣȻҺͱսֻܣ㲻ö𣿡̫ʡ
ᣬᡭĺæҡͷͱ˽֣³ԵҲҪѪƴǹغƤ͵ġ̫ѽ֣ϵֻοϵ¸ҵѾûˣء
ĺ˵Ѿ¸ˣ˭㣬ҲˡԣʩչҲһףܱ
òҪƤȻˡ̫͵һȣɡ
䣡
ãĺ͵һ
ֻʱ˲仯һ˲ǰ
̫ʱѾȫʶܲٿСиӦı仯
ֻ˲䣬ĺҪܵʱʱ˲
ʱ䷨򣡡ĺһ㶡
ˣ
һ˲䣬ʱ󳹵׵Ŀסĺ棬ĺһʱʧʱĳС
̫˲˿
ûȥᱻĺ̫ʱʮ㡣

̫ȰǼԸõȻ᲻СĴսŪˡ
㣡
ѹ
գ
ˣ
һۻҵı仯ѹ˵ʼǿġ
ѹԴҲ˻Ϊ
ֻһ˲ǼԸ˽ȥ
һǼԸѹ˲ûзĴɢȥһĳϯ

̫һ籩Хû˿á
ɴСһֺƽ̫ͨʮɣ״̬ȫ԰ѹʮ¡
ʱ̫ʮ׸ߣǿȲʮɵԲ
ֻĹ쫷һϯԨײѸٵɢ
ֱԱɵϴһ顣
֮ǰдĻ֮޴籩ϯˡ
ڻָʼãԸʧûвĴˡ
޾ĥ˺ܶ࣬ϾȻĻָ
ǿ½תΪʱܸıǡ
ʶɵһֱڣûɽײϱ˲ɽ󣬴Ӷ½Ʒ
ɽ֮Դ̹żܳأת֮ΪṩԴԴϵ
Բֻʮоţ
ɽν⣿ָԲ֮ɽҲ
һǶġ˵Ϊ˿ƺǿֻ֮Դɽֻɽˣûˣܶ׳
ʶ˺һЩƣײɽһɽԲˣԴ˺ƣɽ
ɽײ֮ԴҲˣ˺û֮ǰһָɽˣһֽ˺
ˣû
ɵǱǻеһת֮ǵˣɽһɽˣҲת
˳ˣ˭ĽɵΪɵ֮ɢ

۴ʱ
ԴѹڵõˣһͼԴʯ𣬴˺Աɵ뺣ס
ò˵̫һθıһ˿ơ



293 ȵĺ棡
ˣ̫ʼʱڵĺˡ
ڵĺ֣ԼΣˡ
󷨵󣬲һĴ󣬶СҼǿ󷨣ϳɵĴ
һСľͻʱԵʣһĪչ
ңΣջ󷨣Լ鷳̫
ӣĺ治뷨
֮ǰһֱңڣҲһֱ޾ˮεԭ򣬼Ϻвдˮ֮ħԴϡ
޾ˣĺˣںиˮ
ڤѪڤӲһҲĺݣĺ
ǣں
ԨҲʩչ
ʶ
û̫鷳Ѿˡ
̫ѣϵˣƿϵ㣬ϵǷһ飬Ǿʹ޶ԹΣ
ڲĺ棬ľġ
Ʒ鱦˵鷳İ
Ӵ˿óĺˡ
ߣ롣̫ߵ
ûԹĿô걻͵Ϯƣ׷Źĺ
Ȼ
ҾÿˣŹɡ
ʱ컯˵ĴȻˡ
̫⣬ΪΣ
Ϣŭƺ̫Ĳ컯˽͵һֱУΪıԪ뷨ȷ֮ǰĹˣƺԸֵ̲һ·Ѿ䱾֣֮ͱԪϰĺ޷һСѣ±ΣβΪıһЩԪҪ֪ĺĴڲ޽ɰ˵ˣһֱ׷ɱĺⲻ֪ʱѾʼ˵¾ɢˣһϴ󣬺ĵԭʧһ룬б˵ǰ㣿屻޲Tƣһε٣ҪԶԶԽ֮ǰ١

棿̫û컯飬忪ʼϴɢ޺еԾ
컯ǵģɢʽˣ֮ǰһδսռϷ硣롢ڣɢĴ޸ѾˣŸտʼ֮ҡ

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ʱĺѪƯʬɽѪԪˡ
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ӥǷĸ壬ʵȴ尲ڷļϸ
ףաءвıͳε壬аз塣
һ໥мϸǿ϶ġ
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ףи뷨ʱŮϋֺȻ˵
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˵֣ԴϋֺͷΪá֮ۡ˵ˡ
嶼֪иŮ֮ǰ޲Tļƻ
ʶĨڷ裬ŮӺ
˵ǷãҥŪɵġ
ϋȻϵŮӾͷ裬Ȼıȥ
ԣһģʽǻۺͼı·ߣҪ׷Ϸ衣
ףŮãǰб޻º·ϋֵ

ǣϋּףݹۺĻ֣ᷢûгʤ壬ǿúĶ£ɨµĳǿ֮ǰĻʳһʧʱĳӣҵ塭
ϋû˵͸ˡ
ǰûгóưԺĵޣ˭֪һջĻġ
ǣ
˴ڤڤиһ磬ֻдﵽһ磬ܱʢ˥
һֻģĸӦ˶ѣޱȵңԶء
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ҡҡͷعʵŮϋֵĻŮӦò²ˡ
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Ĭ˺һᣬɢȥˣֻ˶Ůͼ߲ĸ
λǾҲҪӦ𣿡ʵ
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Կóһĩǳɨɢɵʱڣʮ٣ʽսʱ̣Ҳ˴ﵽʱ̡
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˶壬ܺɨ壬չҪ˥ˣң󣬵Ҫǵɱģչɱò

峤Ҫô죬ѵҪһһˣһʵ
ҡҡͷ
Ϊˣֻ뵽նأȴǲеģʧˣµĳˣû׷Ź𣿡
ĸԶ뵽뵽ͺԼɢ޵ĳޡ
Ҫˣһɢ޴Ӫʼմڣû˸ȥҰ
˵꣬뵽ϺǴɢʥء
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¡ءˣɱٺ˳
嶼˵ܳ׵ϴÿһɢ޺ʧܺѹƲסĸ塣
ѵҪԼءˣ˺󻹻ڳ޺ͱУ

峤ءڳѾĬİ취ҲΪԼȺº·
ܺǰеĲס
ֻɫ
ѡһ˺ͺ󱲾Ӣϋִǡ塯˺Ϻʥأǰɢ޵ͬ飬ǴһƬ˵̿ϴɢޣӴ˺岻κǣ飬ܹ֮ŮͲˣǴӴնϺ
һӴļƻ˵꣬˳Ĭˡ
Ϊ·Ҫݰ
ԼŮˡѡѵܵõɢ޵½⣬˺Ҳûˡ
Ҫһʧ峤۵ˣϾˡѡԼŮģ˺ܴġ
ңҪʴȸ׵ģĳͷͽŮʹ˳Ϊİ·
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峤
ס
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ˣɣĴ㣬ԶʢʱҸϋִǻعǣȨ֮ƶѣɡ
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299 򵥣
ʲôŮһ˷ˣ
ɢ޵һϵ㣬ѹĺܲҵɢǣ˷ܵʵ
ǵģŮһ˷ˣ˵ǲϴɢޣϋִȥϺˡ
ǰ³ѾˣʧܵӲԶˡ
ѾŭԹԼ˶ȥˡ

˷ܵţ񶾵ߣŤĲţ̵ļƻš
һɥ֮ȮɢǣΪϢˣ·ǰ
ΪĿⳤԶߣɢ޵ɢˣǰһ
ֻܰϣϣġѡܾú֣
λɴ⣬зѵ壬ҲûκεôϋΪ£ԴȥϺõıӻûκεá
λѴԲӡܹܴŵ棬ֻǿʼ֮ղԶˡ
ǣǡ
֮ղԶˣ
Ϊ֮ԣû޾ĳС
ʱһɢУһ۹ⳤԶɢ޷ˣԼãԼ˲Ͱ

ۣ壬Ϣ嶼ˣǿʶ㡣
֮ǰļƻ岻ûв
ǲһǵĸʼǴ󺣣ʧˣֻҪд󺣴ڣȻ
ͷ壬ġëǡĴڣȴʼռҪĵλ
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磺֮ǰмƻİš
ѹɢ޵ģһֱӦ룬ȴʹĳ뺣۴һѹۣһǱմ
⣬Ҳдʹ̽ĴصĺԼͺĺӶƿغĺ
弸λƶļƻ޷أҲʣͻӻ塣
Ӧſܻ뷨
ˣûͷǰ㣬صأѵķѡ
ġѡǳ׾ˣ뷨ĿĲֻԼ壬ͷһмƻ
ԣķѣûۣǺƽĴ˴£Ȩû

ȴе𺳣׺ãԼѶһ㣬֮ǰļƻԼҪӵ㱣ϲС
£ʵеˣ
峤ƶϣɽѾڿУսϣʧ࣬ѹƲɽĺԽԽ٣һ٣ɽضΪ֮Σ֮ء
ǣôˣʵ
峤Ѿ׼ˣѾͷֻѹ䱬
˵ͷ֪ˣȥɡ
ߺ
浽󣡿ֻɽԴ˱ȫˣϣᷢ

ϋִϺܵϺɢ޵Ӧ
ˣƻˡ
Լ˵õɢ޵ԭˣһ浽Ľ׶ΣҲԴˡ
̫磡
õĺ棬һл컯˺ҲʶȾ档
컯ôĺ淢֣Լ̫治Ը컯ȴȤͶ
֮ĺԸʮֵƣһ̸ͳֿѡ
컯ˣҲܺͺü̸۵һ𣬵Ѻ˳Ϊֿѡ
̫ƺģ̫Ǻüֿȴĺ
峤ǻ֮ˣȻΣʵֻҪݹۺľͻ֣ᷢûгʢ˥Ĵڣǵľȷġ
ĺ˵ͷǵѲʾһ𣿡
ûҪ컯˵ϵ̫һҲϣıһЩԪҲã߳Ƶ壬ܲܳ׵ûˣǼȻмƻǾͿԼ컯ɡ
ĺһ̾ϵ̫࣬ѱȣҪʰ棬ϣϵܰȫȹĽѺ˵֮ĶҵȵĴٰǰʱϵƺһֲɱĶˣ޲Tͺ򵥰
ԪɵĲΣܸоǰ춨ҲԲע
Ҳ֪ɱ⣬̫Ҳãչǿʵѡ컯ȴûûε˵
㵱˶̫һ㣬ҽа壿ܿǿңʵҲѡ
ĺ˵ƣǽѣҲ̫˿Цˡ
ԼˣǬȣעҪٵġ
ֻҪȹˣǽ޽ѣ֮·컯Ī
ĺͷȻҲ׵ĺܡ
ȷħ֮ԼܵѣֻҪȹˣ޽ѣʱǴڡ
ĵħѣȻĥѣ˵򵥡
뵽ˣĺ컯˵û̫ûãʶʵ֪̫ڸ𣿡
ڱչأ
չأĺһ㶣̫չظ׷ɱԼôãԼôˣûع鰡
һڱչأǲԼ֮ǰʲô
ԼȽ֬ƿͼԴܣ̫ƺջ񰡣
뵽ĺˣǱ컯ҲȥתתѺòһ̫Ľ˳̽һº޲Tеôˡ


300 ʹ
Աɵ̫һߵɵ֣һоʱ󷨡
̫󷨵Ժ̫ܶ࣬Ĵ󷨣ϴ˺ĸ󷨣ʱ󷨣֮ǰǶ󷨡
ͨЩ󷨵оУ֮ǰһֱ뷨оһʱ󷨡
̫оһһβ򲻳Ĵ󷨵󷨣ҲҪиΡ
ΪһУñ̫ĺܶţԳ̫ʵ˻֮ʵȳƺ
Ҫ֪ںģһƺǲеģһƺͻһƺһУʶ̫ĳƺܶ࣬ҲΪ˳ƺա
ͬ󷨽ʱմ˵Ҫгĸ̫Ҫġ
ҪԼ󷨵Ļʯ˺ʱ󷨼ڣȻͨԼԿռоʱսϣΪأһʱմ
ʱѾˣʱħ󷨣ʱԪ޽ɾ粼õ󷨡
̫ʱҲѾȫˣʶѾһ룬޷Ǽ˴ռ󷨣϶ѡ

̫о󷨣ȴԱɵʱ䡭
ھٽˣӭ˵ʮ٣Զŵʱ
ҪԲʱСԲҪγʱ
̫ԤƣӦһĩߵʮһٳΡ
Ҳǵħ֮֮
ڣոϴɢޣΧ˺ưԵʱ
̫ԱɵʱڣʱĺѾƽˣɢѾ峹׵ϴɡ
̫۾һ㡣
ʮˣưԵʱˡ̫
մ˿̵ĺģϺļ䣬̫֪
彫ư԰٣ܵ޲Tıƣʼһγ֮Ϊ١Ľѡ
ţ޲Tıƣ޲TٺɽټĴܺ࣬޲Tһۣȷħ֣֮ȷˡ
ǿʱ̣һʱϣʱ忪ʼ˥ĿʼһʱΣǺĺƽһʱ䡣
ڲ֣սƷ̫뵽
ǲ֪޲Tʵһˣʬնȥˣ˵ĶԾҪˡ
ˣǵԪӣӦûһĩζҲ᲻ϵĻΣǵʱҪˡ̫һ屻Ҳиģ֪εĽ֡
̫֣Լ˲ٰš
ۿͶ̫һҪǿա
ԭĹ켣УѾľǿյ飬õۿ̫һֻܰע򵽺֮ϡ
ǿȺ飬ΪԼıӻأǱ㹻ԭ
ң˺ٺεϴûǿȺ飬ʱǿȺ׳
ǲ֪εۿ̫һ󣬼˶ǿ飬ǻ᲻᲻ģͳǿգ
̫еԶˡ
һƺ˻ϰҲͱϣҪôƣ
̫òһˡ
ۿ̫һӣԼץǿ鲻ţƺǴĴѹ˰
ð찡˵˶̫һĻӣѾеǷˣѵҪѹǣһǲƽ뱾ˡ
ֵ̫
⣬Ҳǿ˲٣Ҫսôöǵۿ̫һʵĳƺأҪҪʱѴ˳ƺʽ͸ڣһ˵˺˳ܸܶ࣬õˣӦܺһ
뵽ˣ̫˼ƻʯҲʽȥˡ
βǼۿ̫һĶ飿ԼָһԱʧ¾ҲܱһЩԪ
һֻʣ棬˺˺˴Ĳ̨Ļɫ
ܱܲ˽ĵңڲźãϴǧСǧа
̫ʱԼȫֱƽ⣬ŬԪѺöԼļƻ𵽰
Դӵ֪ħʱļƻ̫˴ĵļƻֻҪԼΪˣ̫о͸ˣԼĿꡣ

ǰãоʱմʱ̫Ȼĥ˿ԽռĴ󷨡
̫ãԼֵСͺĴĵһ⴫ʹ
ȫƿشС˷һ
˵ջ
󷨣ֻԼƿأ򽻸˭Ը⣬̫׺졣
һϵеļƻ󡭡
̫ջ죬ʼע˿


301 ׻ʥޣ
Ҳ֪Աɵʱ֣ڴ˵ȺҲãȥ߿
̫ΪͻƲãʱڲͻơ
ңʱմѾ˳Ρ
ҪһǲܣҪ̫Ĵ󷨺һӡ
ʶһʱ̫ʱû¿ˣԼȥߵĺá
Ѿ֮Զˣ̫Լȥܼ֮ޡ
̫뿴һֱڱ󣬻ǲģ
⣬ҲʶһĵıԵк棿
̫ƻһԱɵһʶ˺뿪Աɵȥ
߳Աɵ̫֮ضȥΪʱڵ̫ȫٷнǧȻ֮ء
˵صĺ˸ˣ˻Ĺзۡ
Ե֮طңĺܴ򣬿֪
һ·ϣ̫ʶľޣԭ̫רʱﻮһƬ򣬲׽˺ܶޡ
Ǻź˻󣬾ĵϺԪıˣһ̵Ļƽ͵Ļ纣˺棬ȫȥˡ
̫źЩġ
̫ѱһЩϺңǰ⣬̫ǲܾˡ
Ҫǰ⿴ҰЩ
̫ź׳Լľޡ
뺣ֻѸپۼ˺ܶޣ˺ҧ̫׳ʬ壬һʱ䰵ڵʱУܿѪӡ
һ̫׽ľޱһˣ̫һֿۣʼ·
ûзûйĵطʧҿ̫Ϊǿ󣬼ǿȷķɱ
ף
˾޴ĵ죬Ǵ½Ǿ޵
·̫ļ÷һ͵ĵ죬ǵĴСʶ̽鲻Ե
̫˵ϣֻһƬڰһ
ҵĺ粻ʱɨĺˣ̫оΪ̫ҽɵ飬ܻᱻһ紵ܡ
ʱ̫򵽺ĵж󣬼ֱ̫ˡ
ĴصԼеĶʮ֮һľ룬֪ĺж
κΣĵطֻнҲǹΪĶϺ½ĵط
ĺԶ޾㡣
̫ĵĸ˵˸ֽУڰ򡱡
̫֣֮˵ĻΪûĴڡ
Ǵ˵㣬ͻ֮ǰԱɵһϻ֮ͺ䣬Ӷһػ
̫ת֮Ϊ뷨֮ǰںĲ󷨣Ӷ鲻Ϊݽ߷ա
ҲܱסĲݻ١
̫˿̾ãӦڴ˵ʵһ˵ԼʱĻ԰Ѻڰתĵط
޴ĵ죬̫оӦǶУָи࣬ΪûʹޱȵĻ
ȫ԰ֵתɳĵطٰ֮ԼʱմʹͿɺͺӴ͡
ʱ򣬺֮ٻ財
ȱΪԪ޽֮󣬾ʵһܲܲóתĻ󷨣
̫ھ޵һ⣬ûκεջ񣬳ͻߣ޵ģһ޴Ļɽ̫̽һȻںϷĲɽ
ǺǣҪǷעûˣ˵˹ӲдֻҪ˵˵ָܻ
̫о˵ûǾǵĻɽʺϷһ壬Ǵ˵ǲڷϳɽ
ȵҽ̫ûκεã̫ϸ̽һҲκεķ֡
ʶʼ˼ķС
뿪޵ǰ󡭡
𣿡
ֻ˵زǺڰޱˣǷһɫĹâǹâ񼫹һ㣬Ǻڸ߿գǴӺƽ洫
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ʱ
̫طʱֻһ״̬צľ޴ӰХ
ң
̫û뵽Լ˵ؾܹǹԼлԪɳڵĲΡ
ûǣ߱ɱͲһ˿ļɶûС
ʱ̻ǻ˲䱻ˡ
ף
ʱһƻХ
̫ղ⣬ʶȫֱ֣ӻǻǣ˳Ծˡ
~һֻӻĺ̥Ĥϣһ޴İ׻
Сӣ˭ˣ浨ӲС֮ΪлԪڵĲΣŲ򵥡
ǻӰֵԪڵΪ˵زҰĵطȥĪҪñʥߣ
һߣȻѹʧˣֻѹѹ̫һ˿ӦûС
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Ӧǰ׻Сɣ̹ŶſĹͷˡ
̫ûˣƺԼСӣ
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̫˲һˣð׻ʥһû뵽Ļд顣
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ʥޣ˵ʥޣʵ˻е׵ģ̹ѹշѹļ˵˾ǿŵġ
䡭һ̫ĹǾͻצײһ
ߣеʵǱʥ޲Ƶģ𣡡
׻ʥû뵽ԼȻˣȫԸʶһʱ̫ƽ֡
ȥˣѹ
˲ͻѹ׻ʥޡ
СпˣΪ޵𣿰׻죬㣡

׻޿³һ˰ɫ죬ɱ֮ͻХ
̫ȻΪ;ڰ׻֮ȫֲࡣ
̫е˷ˣҵʵ൱ĶֺѰҲĳˡ
Ҳʥ޿ԺһĴʱĺ飬ֱûӵĶ֡

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ԽԽ֣أʵ߷ҲԽԽе㳬ƿصĸоҲԱ˴˵ʵϿɡ
ʱȫԸһй󡭡
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ְԵʣڴ˴֣ղź̥Ĥ𶯣ԪеһƷ˽⡣
̹ŵֶΣȥǽ˵ԼǣӶµǣԼ͵ùˡ
̫Ҳǲ֪ôܺҪѵǸİ׻̥Ĥ𶯺̫Ҳ֡
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˵Ҳįĺܣһ̫Ķֺ󡭡
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⣬ͺĲһ˵ģĳ־Ͳͬ˵Ĳͬ׻ڻУԼСӶȥ硣
Ͼڻ˵̫һ԰ˡ

˼̫
Ȼһ
һԼһԼеʱ̡
̫ȻЦˣԼʺϻģԼʱ̣ڻܷӳԽһ͡
Ц˵綼ʱǰѹģ˵ص磬ص˼һ
ʶ̫һ
׻С󣬲ѵһ٣ΪԼ޵ˡ
̫һ֣ʱյ֮£˲䴩̥Ĥ˿֮С
ĵĻ磬ƽͣΣ
̫ȻֱӴ̥Ĥȥ˻磬׻ˣǾ̫Ĵ󵨣ҲǾСͣ
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׻һҲҪȥ硣
ʥޣ޵ߣҪѵСӣȻȥ磬Ǿͱˣˡ
޴ĻʮɴСצĴ̥Ĥ

վڻУ̫֮ʩչ˳Χ֮֮ҵĿһ㣬γ㣬Ѹٵıա
ʱ̸ˣƺʧˮ㣬ſ޾Ļ֮
վڻе̫һϤĸоϯƺصâ״̬ǰ˵ʱ䡣
ů¯̫Ԫ
ž죬̫֣㹻Ļ֮ԼȻнһǿĸо
ʱ̸Ǿһ˶˶ϸӵתԲƹӵɫ̣صϢ



302 ʧأ
𣡡
ֻ׻ʥ޳ˣ̫ûһ˿ĲӦҪǿʱеˡ
㵽˭׻ʵ
ߣˣǺˣѻĪҪ˵ѵСһ٣ǲԡ
Уͣ
ʱ֮о޴ڻоļһ޾Ļ֮ͷʱ̵
ԲתԪĸоð׻ˣƺԼԪŲ㶼ҪԲ̵Ǻε
Ҳֻ޴߸һԾͻɽ̫
죡
޴ӭ˰׻ʥޣ׻ȻԼһ㣬ΧʱƺҲֹһ
ãʱͿռֻӲ׻ŵ
ǻۺȻ֮ǰĴиӡ
ݴʱͿռ䣬̹Ŵ֮ǿĵԼСô᣿
һֺ󣬰׻ѸٵԾ
㣬ʱǿռ䣿ԭǹû׻ҿ϶ʱǿռü
˵ǲӵеģǰħźǿ
ϻ˵̫ͷϣþûһսĶˣȻܴ
ǻ׻𺳺Ͳ⣬õʽȫʩչ˳
еʽ̫޴ں̫ţڻͲˣԻȫĺ졣
ɱ֮磡
׻̫Լ֣ȻбԼϲսˣ
ߣСɱ֮Ϊ򣬱˹Ч
̫˵仰ֻ֣ǰ׻޴ĹȻת˷Լȥˡ
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̫һγ˰׻Ա֮ʩһ㣬׻֣ԼĹȻתĿ꣬
⻹ôôˣ
䣡Ȼ
ԼԼҪܰ׻ԼһҪԼƽˡ
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303 ˡ
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ϸһԭ򣬷⣬һԼ߹Լƿغʵ
ǻУԼʱ̣еˮĸоܳ׵ƿغãͷȽʽ
һˣΪԪɣҽ磬ᱻ֮˺٣Ҳᱻ֮ĥ
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ң̫ˣҪ侲һˣ˳ѹһŵ棡


304 ѹ壡
Ӳ棬ڶɽͯλõĺ󱲣ңڡ
ȻҲ֮ǰ߳Ƶɹ󣬶ֵ˺þá
ֱʱʮˣȻֵ֮ӡ
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ڤڤиӦԼǸֵ֮ӣضԤϵĽѡ
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ֻֿཻеˣԸ̫ˣ޲T̫ȵȣͺĹϵôˡ
õ߶ھԵʣֵ֮ӣػסԼġ
˵кԼҲǷ޾ҲΪֵ֮Ϊأ
뵽֮ǰֵ֮ӣûк̫֧֣ٵģд󹦵µģԳɹ
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ʤ߻õĺôǲ֪ףʤֺ߳Բǳ٣򲻻ĥѡ

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ֻҪҵϣʺεȽѿҵܣҲ뿪ˡ
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ˣȥɽҺѣغѺ컯ѾȺʱˡ˵
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305 ͽޱ۾
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˵Լػ̫磬鿿̫ġ
⵹ãԼа⣬̫ȴ쵽Լࡣ
ҺãصˣֻҪһ鷳ͻع飬òϲֵ컯˿


˺һˣûǰ£ĵǿա
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ԽԽˣƵƵðǿղ˵ɸ廨ţʲô׷ɱˣʲôСǿʧˣʲôǿշ羰
֮廨ŵɡ
Ҳף̽ѣû˺Ƥʱ򣬹ʶǽƾͼƣƶ˼ƻ

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ΪǰܻػǸΪǿպ
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ˣԽԽţֱһĻĳ֡

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һǣͬΪŮǣ˺̫֮͡ǳ֮ϣʺϴ²
룬˺͡ػΣͰǴȥȥ塣

ʦӶʦջζʦӹΣǿաޱ۾ɫĻش
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涼ɣԼԸȻôһӣʺ̫ѽ̵̫ѵĴʯơ
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306 ƣ̽
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˵ꡭ
䣬¿üһ
ϵкܺõǰ̣ȴΪĿǳ̫ԼնԵ˺ԽԽԶ
ʶֵ֮ʱΨһֿе⣬Ĵܺ޲䡣
κΣһвΪģλᣬü컯У˼һ
ǣûнƱĲϣϴ̬ȺãŵǷ顣
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Ϊ½ѣԲֵ֮ӣôػˡ
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Ϊˣֻó˵ǿ֮ǰŮѡ̫ѡüѡѵȹͬػǿתԺ֮Ҫλ峤ǲ֪α֪ʣ

ЦˣҲɵӣ˵ǿΪưԺ춨λҪ𣿻˵۸
ˣƹܺģǿҲں֮һǲ֪˻⣿ѵǿղǺ֮һ𣿻Ϊ˲Ը֣Ҳ
λȻƿغģȻգ½أǿգҪҵƿ֮²ſɡǿ鲻ԴɱǵˣѾŭԹҲ廰ˡ
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üʣҵȴɱʱںηҵָǿתصʱ򣬶ںηʱռˣΪ޵˲ǣߣЦ

üһϯڿͳЦðɡ
ЩϹûȣǾ첻㣬Ҫǽٿأǲĵӡ
κΣľ񣬲Ҫðաľ棬Ȼѡðˡ
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һߣ뿪ʼԸи֣ƻֵ֮ӣԼһ¶ܵͣ
ȫƻϵƼͿɣҪס֪˭ػϵ
ֵֻӦǲϲս컯ˡ˵컯͵һ壬вԸǶľ棬ɽ˭컯Ǿ͡ǾˣҲǶ֣컯ʴȣӦòɱǵġ



307 ̫ʥ޾֣
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̫ϲüҡ뵽Ҳã׻ǼһﱻԼѵĺܲңԼֲܴɱǾԱɵɣѾ˰ɡ
뵽ˣ̫ȫУڻص˺̥ĤѰ׻һš
⡭ôôͻˣһûظأ
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̫ȴһЦȻ׻ʥѾû֮ǰŵ棬ʼˡ
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㡭׻ˣǲˣ֮ǰҪ̹ŴµĽƾѾɢˡ
ֶ̫ΣʱռԼԼ֪ͨȷˡ
ʥ޲ƽϣĪҪ񣬱ʥְҪѹļģǵΪᡭܴ۵ġ
ʲôۣ˵˵̹ŶԱͷԱͷ
׻֣Ĳȥ첻µز£ԼҪᡣ
ԣ̥Ĥв̫ˣﰲȫĺܡ
ιС׻
С׻
̫˺üǰ׻ʥ޾ǲԼˣ̫һơ
ԼͲˣֻѯһ¶ѣô˵أ
С׻ٲػŲű𹥻̥Ĥ̹źͷ㣬ǳͷ𣿡
̫Ŀ˲ã׻ʥ޻̫ƻ
˵ʥ޳ϴ򲻹㣬ʥɱģȰ뿪
ֻ֪֪㣬ڴػдӻж飿̫Ҳ֪лûڡ
׻һ˼ģҪҪ̫˵̫
գ
ȷЩ̹ŴǰڻеĲл꣬ƺǰûǻ۵Ĳл꣬Ϊǣ֮ǰ͵Ϯǲлǡ
׻ֵʥ޴ڵĿģѹȲл̹꣬ŴֶΣǿɵĶԸȲл꣬ҵȾ̥Ĥĳ֣ѹҪػ
׻̫ϸ룺ѯʣܲ׶˵ԪеĽһ˿ӦûУ˵˷ͬһ㣬ܣ̹ŴµĽҲֹ
̫
˰׻ʥ޵ȴڵԭ󣬵˵ͷ
һʥ޲ѹģ̥Ĥǿʱʥ޻϶Ϊһγʵǿ̹ŷ
˵ǵĴھΪػġ
̫׺󣬶԰׻ʥûкˣ˵ˣ̫Ҳսˡ
֮ǰ˱ƽ֣׻ռϷ硣
Լʹ˽ʽʤ˵
ô˵ʥҲ˻ԪɾŲΪ;磬ԼռڻıˣҲռʱ̵ıˡ

Ȼˡ̫û˵ꣿ׻Ϊ̫Ҫ鷳ʶʵ
ܸ㻹еôϾҪš𲻻鷳ˣúõžͺãҪˣʱ㣬Ĳ˵ʵǲˣˣ㣡㣬ܲ
˵̫꣬׻ת뿪ˡ
һᣡ
ɱģ˭Ȼ鷳

ֻʣ°׻һҽУƺԼδ갡˵ʱ仹Լ
ҪǶʽԼƺҲܲ˰
УҪϵһ䡢ȸǣҪǹˣʥƴűͷҲҪʥ޺ѵһ١
׻ʥ޿ʼʥ޵ϵֶΣϵʥˡ
׻˵֮󣬰ʥһ
׻˵ģʵ
ѽ磬ʲôʱһƭǣǻȷһ鲻ڻ棬ȴˮһʱռȵȣóµǣ̹ŴµĽƣû˿ķӦƺһ
˵˵ţ׻Ȼʲô˵ˡ
磬ȸʵ
׻һ㶣ƺ뵽ʲô
ʲôȸæʵ
ǡ׻ҲǸ뵽ģ̹ŴĽ˿޷Ӧƺһһ̹Ŵˡ
⣡
ⲻܣ̹ŴԵУˣ
ǰʵ
˺һ󣬷ûͷֻա
ˣˣˮڣҵ˻һᡣ


308 ˥Ŀʼ
̫صĺ󣬿ʼ̽ǿյս컯ڴˣ̫һĿȻȫˡ
ֻʱˣѾƿȫԸļͻơ
֣֮ű۵컯ˣǶڵսľ̫ĵڶ֣Ҫޱȴġ
𣬵ˣ
𣬽ˡ
һɫ֮ǰԼһ⿴̫Ȥ
Ծü̫ζֻüϷˣһˣ
Ҫд˰ʱܴɱ̫ɣüһռ𣬾ܰ޾ռ
棬ѡ
ʶıԼйһöûУü׾ٵĻԼʽ
ԼƴĹǶ÷Ĺü˿öûС
ռ䣡ƣ
ֻüһȣԼΧĿռ䣬˺ܴѿڣѿǾһƺҪڡ
ãһʱٵܡ
κΣܾܶ˵ġ
òǱˣȴͷɢòǱ
ȻԶҪǴʱܴɱ㣬ϵֻҪһУͿɢü˵
⻰˵ŭˣ֪ԼУʵС
һ֮ڿģ˵ˣԼʱǻʲôƴҲҪ̽һºȸֵĲࡣ
𣡡
ֻצıˣǾ޴ڶһβͣǿնԷ
ণ
𣡡
޺һɫĴбĺ
ֻϷˣһҲŭˣѹƵҲŭˡ
ںУռκεıˡ
뻹һ㣬ûüǰ졣
üˣǻԪڵĵزüԪΪˣ̫˶١
ѡʵ棬κǿհǿֱ޵Уǳ֮ʹá
Ҫʩչǳ֮УȫĻʩչʽ
뷢֣ԼȻָˣֱжϵĸоˣܵǳǿա
һʵ಻Ҳʼƴˣ嶼ʩչ˳
ǣ
ʩչҪһ۵ʱ򣬺ȻֺüҲһʵ
ҡ

𣡡
ҽж뷢ȫʵƴһѵֱӱüͺɨˡ
ƺ˾͵ʵأʵ֮ٿǿʵһһаܵеĺɨ
˵ķõ¯ࡣ
ⲻҽбеɲˡ
ԭ󰡣ǸղϷˣԼʩչȫʵһѹ
̫˾ˡ
ǿһ컯ǣȻֵһĻ
ֻǵ£Լﶷأ
ǹ컯˵ģ컯·ûմţǹ͹ĹԼˡ
ƺ֪Ϊ岻ҪƻŽᣬʶҲŭĳ֡
⣬⣬컯
ɣ
˿̾Ϣһ˵
⻹ôԼ˱ŪԼ¸ǱŪ
üһۣκεĵ⣬ƺֵһһǡġҲֵУۿս
ֻȻһأָģǳ֮γһ޴ì
ǳ֮ì㣡
¡¡
ǳ֮϶ɵľìƴ룬뷢Լˣ޽Ĺֻ
ӡ𣡡

ˣ
޴ײֻѪòǱ
һ̾һۺԼ

뵱ϾͶϣһԼˣ˺ǿһۣתȥˡ
֪ԼʧˡңҪԼ˴ʱ˼ɴɱ˵춼Ҫˡ
ǿǲȾָˣ
ôֻˣĶԾӴʽˡ
ͬ뷨ĻָȲѣ͵Դ
˱ɻܵĹɢˣ˺û˹ͬĵˣеȻˡ
ԼС
޷ư־Ķγ֣սûƽ֮
˴ﵽʱ򣬿ʼ˥ˡ
ֻϣЩĪҪ룬򣿲ԤⰡ

ȥƻϼһֵɹˡ
ʽĳΪԪɵĲˣϿҵĸл˼һ󣬿ʼȥչˡ
Уν˸ͣȴǷһ顣
Ҳʱ

޲TȻչ۾͵Цˣ˿ʼ˥ˣ༸Ԫᣬɢʱ̣ڵȵˡ˭Ц󡣡

˵̫˾ȤһЦƺһԤ֮С


309 컯˵²£
ܶˣλ˺ء
ںģǿյĴսȻһ˹ע
ɨɢޣֻпп޵ɢ޴ˣΪǿ
νϴɢޣϾĴС
ɢޱϴʼ޴֮Ѿʧˣֻ
һЩͨطƵȣʧˣͬʱɢߵģкܶܡ
ϺɢΪʥأϺԱסǳϺһܵ׷ɱʶϺ飬̤Ĵˡ
Ŷ̶̲ʮԪʱ䣬ĵ˥ѾɱˣԽԽ׳ɢ޴еʧôʱɢ˺ܶࡣ

Ҳг壬Ȼȳˣǲǿ϶ģҲϣһܹ⵹ɽ
ˣϢЩĶˣԶﴫ峤˲ΣĴԡ
Ȼǵû˿õģǷ֮ǰ֪ϢѪˡ
˺ѹģôǰĴԳЦ
ֻ˽ԼĴ
ͬɱģìܿʼ޵ĸˡ
֪˵ģôΨһİ취ֻжԺĲſսʤǰܡ
ʱ
޲T߾һʮˡ
׼ôˣ޲Tʵ
ħ棬Ѿ׼ˣα֤һʧʮħʹԶ֣峤ֲˡ
ţС£չ˻һʱ䣬ʱĲ͸Ҫż
ǣħ档´Ӧ
֮ĽֻѪһ̹Ѫſɼɹ֮ǰΪ汾ԴϺͿɣû뵽Ҫ̹ŵѪһĽɺ󣬽ǺĿǡ
޲TĽķʽֻǻȫ棬ԤƵҪѡ
ǣֻҪƻɹƣȫʵ֡
οô˵谭ɨǣԼγưԺġ
ȻԼǿԼ»治ǿʢ
ʶһΪ˳Ϊˣɨƿغġ
ʱĵˣһԼļƻ
ʱ̫᲻Ϊݡ
ȥɣʧܡ
ǣ
޲TڴУ뿪ˣʼǱ壬ߵ׼

һߣĸ·̫صԱɵ
̤Աɵʱһ㣬дϲ
Ȼˣȴ
̫֣ԼҵȵԱɵڳˣֻһԲģ顣
Աɵֻ࣬ҪԲ򣬾ͿƿԱɵ
ҼʱȥˣʱԱɵرı仯
ֻдеֲ︲ɵ鶯֮ǰǰһƬš
̫ݷ֣Բ嶴ԨĵײҲ֮ء
̫ȥԨײ
󡭡
ֻڿУ͸֮⣬һƿԱɵһС
Բֻ鱦ĲΣƺۣܲȴԱɵָӣ̫Ľһ㡣
㣡
̫ס飬һڱ̫շ
̫һ֣ԭˡ
ֻ֣Աɵܺ޵ɵһ㣬Ư
ֱѰҵ춨֮أʹʽڴˣǰ㡣
ճûȫԱɵ׵Ľϣ̫뿪󷵻أԭҵԱɵ
һʱ䣬ԱɵͻƮˡ̫
Ҳãһ󣬸űϺɡ̫˵
󡭡
̫֣ԱɵȻ̫ˡ
ֻܲٿϺƮȥҪóʱģˣ
Ѳɰ컯ٿɵƮϺȻ̫磿̫ʼˡ
ֻ컯ˡ
ʱ̫ҪٵƯſɣ̫ûôʱٿأ컯ɡ
컯
̫һϵ컯ˣ컯˸оԼմǿջѵ顣
𡣡
̫е㲻˼ָʹˡ
û취ֻܺƤ˵һ顣
û뵽
̫˵컯ȴϲĴӦˣºðۣһʱڲΪæǰæˣԼƵĲٿɵƮϺǺεң
ԣԥĴӦˡ
ң컯ĹϵҲעƽ⣬̫ĵϣ̫ʺ
룬غ˱𣬰ɵԼˣ̫硣
Ŀģ컯Ѹٵ뿪̫磬
Ū̫һΣ׺εԭˡ
ðɣǺնʬͬĵط֮컯ˣʬܡ


310 ̫Ů
ǧ󡭡
컯ˣԱɵȻʱûдﵽ˵Ķʢʱڣ컯תһȦĵ˵ͷ
ʼãʺԼ컯
ɵ֮һҪûںףĪҪСʱٰۣٺ֣ᷢνĸ춴أǰʮĴڡ
̫컯еԼСʶһ
˵Ķԣƶһ֣˵֮治ĸ춴أڣѵɵ컯ĵ˵ͷ
컯ʣŴ˵
̫һ㶣ҲûǺãֻ˴ŵ뷨
ʶ˵ң֮ϣ̫ͨͭƽ
š컯˵ͷҲǱŵùĻԽƶһ£˵ʵ̫˱֮ϣʺƶ֮ƶ˺פԱɵҲôں֮ڣʱݺ֮̽¡
̫һ룬ÿС
˵Լ̫磬֣ʺԼĵ컯˵̫ͬϲɽ
ң컯̫磬̫ڸǣʹݺ֮¡
ܶ飬Լֺģ鷳컯פԱɵ
һ컯԰ԼʺϵĵԱɵҲʱ̽
ҲãͰ˵İɣԱɵͽˡ̫
л𣡡컯ҲܸˣҵʺԼĵˡ
޷̫˰֡
Ǿ˵ˣٿԱɵȥʱһˡ̫˵꣬齻컯
˳֪һúչɺ
˺̫һЩϣ컯Ҫġ
컯Ҳţ˳㲼һµɹ
컯˻̫һԱɵĳɡ컯ɵ
ӭĵš
һ̫޷ѾƿˣֻҪ÷һǡ
ɵ֮顱̫ս˵ʱ򣬾ڤڤ˵֣ǵ֡
Ȼ㣬ҺѲס̫컯˸һ֡
ֻɵʯϣԱʧˣȡ֮ǡ컯֡
һк̫߳컯ɵת˲ʧˡ
컯ϲĴ컯̫Ҫ˲ٲϣ㲼һԼĵ
ֻǻûһеµĸоκΣ컯˾ϲ徲ֹµܵġ

ǿգ
桢ü˻Ϻǿжʱ徻
ֻڴβ١
ޱ۾ʶ˼λܵǿ󣬸ӵ̿ˣĽûˡ
ʦ˵ģ⻹ߵսߵĵһֱ̫ûг֣Ҳм֡
Լֻǵڶݵǿ߶ѣȻһĿǰֻһˡ
ָޱ۾һ֮󣬶ޱ۾ú˺ȥʦˡ
̫ǣ˺ͺͳظ˵ĲˣСѾͷ׽
֮ĸǳŮħԵʣʦͽʦͽá
˵Ҳɺϣԭ켣У汻ܣ˺أֻһ˿л꣬˺¹ϡ
¹ԭ켣˺͡ص·ˣһʤԪɵ棬ȻСѾͷ
ʵʦ
֪ʦոմ壬СѾͷҡ
淢֣˺ͺͳصԸܲͬ
˺һӢ۳ݣǿơȨĵԸ
ȴСұһ㣬Ҳ˸Уϲֻϲ
˵ʱеƺӽᱻһ󣬿Ȩһȴ飬ôʡ͵ĵơ
ң֮ƺѾעΪͽʱԥ
Ĳϵ᲻Լ
ԼͬԴСѾͷԨ
ʶֵԼˣҲԼʵΣʱ̾һ¡
Լǻ̫𣿾û̫飬ʱСѾͷȥݼһʱСѾͷΣ֮ʣ̫Ҫһ°ɡ
Ϊͽǰ̫ˡ
˽̫Ǽһҽʲô첻ģ
̫Ĵڣ޷˵ˣҲϣͨԼĽıһ˵˹켣
ʶѴֶܸ˵ĶϲͷϲȻԵáСѾͷǿ߳һ֣ưԵˣǲģĸ֣ңڵġ
һ֮˵ĹۣһһεС
Ȼݲĺİ˭СѾͷоԼ˺ͽһεİĪĹϵ
ԣ˺˽

ʦüǰǰǰ컯ǰȻȻ׵Ĵ壬ȻʦҲͽϲʦˡ˺ð⣬ȵĿԼǿʦ
ʦǿ󣬻ǵһŮ׿ԽҲ˵
ЦˣѾͷķа֮ԣʦǵѧôˣ
ʦʦǶˣҺΪﵽ̫ҲˣòһǾܻˡ˺͸˵˵
ãҿ
˺ʦͽ˼һ¹ǰ
濴¹ǺñСѾͷãȻд˻ԵһҪػá
ױȵ̫֮¹ɢϻʮ¹
¹ĵڶνһεıˡ
ʦӳˣǿԳ𣿵һνĹˣߣزˣʦǳԹӡ
ǸоǹӣԼΪ졣
ѾͷǵһΪʦ׼ıΪʦ͸ǵѣ˳һ棬˺Ǿǿĺ̨ˡ
ѽ
˭ʦ
𣿡
üǰǰȻ𣿡

ߴߴСѾͷƺ´½
ˣˡǵ̫˺ĵһˣҲΪءΪǿˣʦңڵĳɾͶǵָ㣬̫ѣʦͻɢˡ
ҲΣ˵һ
ôСѾͷԾˡ
ȻôǿĴڣ
԰Щ͸̫ѣЩ⣬ʱΪʦϣ֮գҲȵġȰЦ
¶
ԭʦԼҵĴ̨ǹӾש
ң̫ģ¹ǳô󡣡ֵ
˺͡һ͵ͷƺ˵ʦ˵Ķԡ
ʦλôûһѵ壿زʵ
Ц֮ǰָ̫ͺܶ࣬ˣ̫ǵǰ;ԲˡǣǳӣϾ֮ǰӻСó֣ûҪˣҲսˣһ仰ȥ
˵һ
СѾͷеĸо
˺ƺˡ
ǲͬ棬ȻҲ̫֮Ҫǳ
˺ͺͳؾ̫Ĵ
̫̫νͣҲ˵ǶޱȵĴ
˺ͽϵۿؼȥ䷲´䷲ˣ϶
̫֮עĵͣ˵ǵĵΪʹ
νˡ
ͬѣԸʶ䣬ǧû˵˭˭ֻ˵·ͬ
ԣաȨ֮˺͡˶һֱԴеĽ


311 ֮
ȫϺ̫Ȼͣ˽Ų
󵨣˭Ʊ𣿡
̫һŭʱܱ߲׳һƬˡ
ףԣѣ
̫һݺ󣬷ˣ㲻Ȼ
ֻҪ̫ͷˣԼġ
Ȼȥɡ̫Ӧûд£ԲȥˣϺ˵

һǧ󡭡
̫ڻصϺ
ȻƲͬ죬̫ΪŶԵĸȻĳ֡
ֻ̫ʱϺ˻磬˸߳
ϺУĺȻֹݵĸоǷ޴ڵȻҲԾˣ֮ķһˡ
ô£
ôˣ
һɻȴֻݳţʼ
ⲻǿЦģ̫˵ǺϺС˵ˡ
˵Ϻ̫ĴڣһڴˣϺ˺ǻۡȣ˺ܶ౶
̫ȥ˳֣Ϻ˳㡢컯񡭡ȵȣ
Ϻ˺͸ģᳬĺ֮׵Ķˣ̫ϺϺˡ
̫˵һ޴Ϊ
Ϻ󣬻ֲָᷢͬƺϺʥأɲ˵˵ġ

֪˭һ̫
ǵˣ
ˣ
𣡡

һʱ䣬ΪԾ򹧺ˣԭϺ˻عˡ
սҲ֪ƽĿɹϺˣ̫ѹΣյĴˡ
ԣ˭̫Ϻĵλ컯̫˶ֻ𾴣Դ̫ǰĽĶű仯ġ
Ϻ飬ߵ̫𣡡
Ϻ飬ߵ̫ʣ
ˢˢߵݣ̫뿪Ϻһٺ˶˼
ģҴ֮ˣǳƺԼΪ̫֮Ȯ
ÿ˶ò̶ͬȵĳƺĵİݼ̫
Ϻˣһʱ䶼ɾ̬

˻̫̫ежĳϵߵԼ֮
óϺ飬ԼǶôĹ
ɣأȿףǧǰȽһ
̫ãǵĵԼ
⻹ԼһΪϺ齲
֮ǰֻǸ̫ң齲Ϻһ̫һֱɢĴڣǽԼϺ
̫ʺûжپ𣬲룬ǵľȻ֮
˵ʲô̫ˡ
˵ΪԼȥƴ
ǶԵԼָһοɢ⵽ϴϺȻûӰ죬˵ʧأʧˡ
̫ãԼҪһµģ͸ɡ

ֱϲڵȵĸо
֮ǰĽң飬ܵõĴڣԺĳƺԼΪ¡
ҲȵˣҲԺĳƺԼΪˣǵµȮ
ߵݣлʴȡ
һߵݣϲüңǧ޸ֶ˵Ц
ȻзʽȴûĴУ˵ܣһһֱǰ
̫ڵ󣬿˵ͬ죬иָ㣬ʤԼεĳԡ

ң󷨴󿪣ңݡڤȣ˷ܵĵȺ̫ˣþòˣܲ
ֻ̫Ȼ˸䣡
˾ɽ֮ء
Ѿɽһû뵽𻹼ǵԼʶϡﻩĿˡ
𡭡ϣܾɽһݣľɽͶصĹڵء
̫û㲻ˡ
̫̽һĸѾȹˣղǼᣬĸȹˡ
ɣ
ǣ𣡡
ȻѵģʱľɽСͷ̫ǰ
ɽ
ڣɽʮ־н
ؾн
ǣɽһľн
̫˲ǿˣھɽУԼµ̫ˣҲӣһ˿
һٵĥ֮ȹˣɻγˡ̫
˵󣬾ɽȻʧˡ
ɽ˷ԼסˣãˣԼȹˣǲ˵ԼҪ뿪ϺˣԼˣ
̫ĻȻ
ң̫޵˺һ֮㳹װ֮ǰȻ㹻󣬿ԳԴ޻ˡ
أл𣡡ɽе
̫ƣԼһǵġ
ˣθ߰ɡ⡭޿ģѹһ١
ǵ𣬲ˣˣɽķ֣ԭö˶ˡ
ɽղֻеһ֣ԭôΧۡ
ˣ
󡰺¡¡һ졭
Ϻõľŷɽʧˣһ˵ģ
ľɽСĵĸ̫̫߽ңڡ
ǣ
ΪղźܶΪϺȴвһ⡣
ֻ̫;ɽߺ󣬼λ޸Է˵
ΪȴԣǾɽ˶Եޱȵҳϰ
ǰ˳ϿĹֲõ㿴
Ҳ̫󰡣ֻһ˵˵أǧΪǽǲûбʾ
⻰˵ꡭ
ǣǣεȴڣῴǵġ񣡡
ԲԣСǸ⣬׸һͨʯҲǵ⡣
ŵϲǶģҵ˭ϡ׸ɣ𶨻ҵȵġ
ǼǼ

Ϻ飬ʼʾ֭취ˡ
뵽ҪԼ׵Ķܵϲ˵ˣһ˴ԼһСᣬǣԼ׬ˣ



312 ѳζǣ
̫Ļع飬ڴʱʱ¸
𺳵ľ壬֮ǰΪ̫̫֬ƿʼ뷨ıˣ̫ҪҪ
˺鱦˵̳˵̫õ鱦Ҳ˵鱦ĺã׷ɱĺȥˡ
֮ĵĴ޲TҲĵһ鱦Ĺ˲֮ա
ǣ̫ǿϢȴǴ˳
ǿմսУ̫Ȼûг˻ˣǲأ
˲ʱֻϺ֮񷡣
̫عˣʧһٵˣ֮ǰٶû֣ڻˡ
ܡ
λ峤ΪԺ绽꣬û뵽ǿһսԭΡ
ԭ໹е󰡣
ȻҲù˺üǿе档
һܣ޴ģֻ˵ʱ˴ˡ
壡
֮ǰһĻһĻеꡣ
ˣûд𣿡ʵ
ʼһֱûдԸ⣬ǲǵˣ
ʼе㲻
֮ǰŮһʱʹϢܾûдˡ
Լ˵Ը⡣
ⲻ֪Ƿʶ˺նʬֿ֮ʼԾˣŽˮ¥̨ȵأôҲҪŪһ
˵Ƿ룿ǣⲻû𣿷軹ΪԼء
ʶķãȻ岻ȵ˥䣬ǾʱˣֻҪԼõ˺Ĵ࣬ΪӣԼʥ֮һжܽ
͵ˣʼ˺Ĳ⡣

ʱˣںҲȫĺܣǲصģ˵˵ĵĳкĿİɣ᲻ھ壿ʵ
ʼһ㶣˵ܰɣ
ţҲǣ˵ͷ
̫ˣǴ̫ᣬֻ̫£Ϻ֮Ϻߵݵµġ
ɲ̫ŪΪŻġ
նǵ̫ǲġ
üǰǿ𣿡ʼ˵ǵʡ
Դǿչһį
ȷĻҪǿ󣬲˵㣬޷ռǿյԭѡվ
įһʱ䣬ҲԼģҲ˲ģ
ֵ˻ۺ͵֮⣬ҲǾ޴ĹؼЩܣмƷ鱦üеĸҵȲеԭվǵˡ
֪࣬Ϊף뵽鱦˷
Ǹô죿ǰʱȻϴɢ޴ջ񣬵Ʒ鱦һûУõĻǶĲζѡ
ǰһ̾Ʒ鱦ҪҪδ³ˣҲ⵽ǰܵᣬҵȻã
ѵѵûκεİ취𣿡ʼʡ
ʱûУֻĻۣ˴ﵽ岻ãֻҪһʱ䣬ᶨͻƣʱ䲻˰
˵꣬Σ
ȻϺعûб⣬ǾɣԸ֮ˣϺķΧʱСĵ¡
˵
İɣ׵ġ

塣
ΪǲǷռɽģһʵ
⻰ʵһ㶣
룺ɣԼȺɽѵͷˣǾ
ԭҲһûа취
ֻܲϵĻۣ˳עɽΪɽӦԼá
֮ǰɽޱȵʥ˭˵ռݡ
ҲСĵѰҹԵκΣʲôǻԵ
Ե˵ľעģѰҲá
ˣûɽбް취룬Ψһ뵽ľɽ㳹ռݣúõѲһ
⵹ãŸոжͱ̫֮סˡ
Ϊ̫ľ档
ʱҪжˣʱ˵һ
ǣ峤

壬֮̽еۺˡ
룬ԼռϺǡ
ǣֻѣǲҡ
ˣֻεĴ̽ϺϢǷ֣ǧϺ齲ʱеĽȴҲû취
ѾԼȺж֮ǰԳûռˡ

̫û뵽ԼֻǹѣȻ𶯡
ȻĻϺ顣
ǧ𽲵ҪõϲĶѺõõ
ʶѳζǵ취ˡ
һݵ˵̫飬ʼˡ
ҲƲ׸˵ϲأ
ݵһˣ


313 ױʱ
ԭݵ֮ǰһڸǵɵκΪƲǴ
֮ǰĴǣ˭ߣԼΪԺƿ󷨣ܵõڵбˡ
ǣܶȥˣӽѾ̫ҽɵĵزݵ˷֣ԼȻƿ󷨡
еʧ䣬Ҳе˷ܡ
ʧԼΪ˷ܵǣ˵ıﶨ᲻
˿̣
ݵ˺Ȼ뿪ˣ˵Լһļʣƿ󷨣ǱԼĽƺڵıָˡ
ɣ̫Ҫǽݵ˸жˣͬʱҲ뵽˹׸̫
Ҫ̫ջԼضҲܵõʹͣһȫֶΪأ
ݵ˾̫ʱԼػɵ
ݵˣűżѰ䱦׸̫Եˡ
ʱ
ⲻݵôҰףϺʿѰҹ׸ѵҺˡֻһϵ˹
ϵݵ˵ĵѣзˣҲ̫ҽɵΪ
֮ǰһзȺӵϺ̫ıӻ£һֱ
̫𾴣Խһˣо֮š
ԭзѡݵЦƶȷҵ׸ˣôзѻûҵ
ƶڿУзԥ˵
Ŷݵһ㶣æʣʲôҪǣ
зһس
һᣬֻĵݵȥһ֮أӻóһꪣתƷ鱦ĲΡ
⿴ݵ˳Ծˣû뵽Լѣ㱦
ʵ洫֮֮ǰ屻ƶ֮˳Щ±˵ǣһֱûʹãƶʼһΣգƶԥǲǹ׸𣿡з˵
ݵҲü֪ѯԼжϣ
ҪزҪݵ洫֮Ҳжϡ
ҪҲҪз˵Ҫǣ˱ƶҪ峤ðͳȴ˵ܲҪ
зֵҲҪʵ崫ʧˣƶǰ·ԡ
з˸п˵ҪǣƶϣҪǣ鱦Ҳʹã繱׸ϵϣõָ㣬ܰƶȱĴиȫˣƶԥˣ
ݵʣԥʲô
з˿Цԥʲôһ鱦˭֪ƶ䱦ꪺҪڵ޹ؽҪѣȴô˵Ҫǲô죿
ݵˡ
ԭзҪı̫пޣ̫𶼲һ¡
зȴõȫУ˳һµĴУеˡ
εݣеû¸ȫʲôС
ǴС˵ҲûôҪз˵ȴޱȵҪضһĴУзԥˡ

ô죿ݵʵ
зεҪһԵģܲȫ崫Сµ𿴲ϣҲ׸ˣ֮ѾΪô죿ֻϣ֮鲻ҪԹҡ
з˵ꡣݵ˶ܵѡ
ꪶԲˣȫҲԲˣ޽⡣
ѣ˵·תأ𽲵ض˵õ㲹ȫ𽲵ܲȫǴУתΪأݵֻػصİο
Ȼ
ˡ
̫ǲȫǵĴпԱȵģջ񽫻ᳬǵ롣
ҲĳϿң̫е˺أԽĳ̶Ⱥء

գ
Ҳûȫİ취зֻûǧʱ䣬ѰұѺб޻
ݵ˶еˣԼ׵ڵı֪ⲻ⣿Ҫǵڿһأ
УҲҪб޻СݵҲˣҲʼѲζǵѰұˡ

صң̫Ŀ˿˵ΪܴԼ֮ǰǴõӺá
֮ǰԽԽ
λӣڤˣǴ޳ڶΪˣǴڶ塣
ͻƴڵػΪҲԶˡ
˶ûżͻƣǼĥۡ
ΨݣѾǴڵػΪһƷǰ;
ϴ˷ܺϲѹֲסĸо
̫⣬ֱ˵ûй
̫ĻǶĿ϶СЦһЦ
ˣȻ̫硣
ǣʦ𣡡


314 ̫磡
̫磡
𣨻񣩰ݼ𡣡
̫ǿλͻˣ֮ΪѾ޽ɺڡ컨ĲΣǴԲĲΡ
Ŀǰ̫컯Լ֮⣬Ψһõóֵ
Щһֱտ̫磬˳ָ̫顣
˸Ͳ̫ĻۣøһĶħ
ң˴Ӳɽ¶ˮһֱܵ͵̫磬֪˵Ķ١
޺ΪԲľ磬˿ͻƴԲΪ˺֮磬ֵ֮Ӳǲɡ
̫˵ꡭ
ȻԺĪһ¶ƺʲôݼţƺ벻ˡ
ֵ̫֮ǰǾΪһΣΪ˴ĥġľȴˣȰΪ;繲ͬԲ˺͸Ϳɡʱֵ֮ȫԡ
̫ٴ˵ꡭ
ղݼŵĸ򣬺Ȼˡ
ʲôֵ֮ӣ⣿
𣿡һ㶡
ȴ̫ˣææȥ˵˳ټһˣҲ³ģǵүʡĶʶ𡣡
̫΢Ц˵ꡭ
ͣһЦˡ
ҲЦˣĵϤĵ𰡣޾ѡ
ǵ𣡡


ݼүѾĽ𣬸˺ͯģѴĺзȺʡ
ףС𳤴ˣԴͣԲζ˰ɣ̫˽һۡ
ǵүԻˣүûһֱǵүýúûۣûлΡСе˵
̬̫ȤԶûдŶǶܵСˣھнòˣˡ
ãʱͻΰɡ̫
ǣүС˵
һᣬֻ̫ȫˡ
ˣˣ̫ʶɨ֪ÿ˵ĸס
һ̫ˣϲĿ̫Ǽ˲ޡ֥ޣ쵼£һˣһûжٱ仯
еգСĨᣬȻ̫ģ̫
̫磬ִڣͱ˳ˡ
ãչΪн⣡
ĵİݷǣõ˵үĿ佱
һμ̫ģ֪ǳޱȳߵүˡ
̫һǲɢ̫֮µ顣
ʣµľȻнʮ̫Ϊߣǧٶ࣬Ϊٶˡ
Ǻʱ̫٣˸յģûеڽɲεġ
ںģһɲСӵܵ߸һ塣
Щ̫֮ϵ飬̫нҲ˵͸¶һЩ̫ܡ
¶ȣҪ¶Զ˵ֵ̫̫ͺĵĲ֮ͬ
̫꣬λͷĿʼ˼ˡ
ʦ֪̫һֱܳ㣬ҺŨһֱûб仯ֱǰֶ֮ϡһЩѵ
ʦӷ֣̫飬ͺǵһγģûκε֣˵ֻҪţҪģԴȵȣ̫ûʯҲ˵
·֣̫һֱû䣬֮ǰ̫һֱܸˡ
¸о̫֮ˣǶأϽ
̫ͺƺڣƺ̫ܲ磬Ҳƹǵˣ

һʱ䣬˰еɻȫ˵˳
̫˵ͷ˵Ķԣ̫صĵطҲҪ˵һ˵
̫̫ڶصһ磬м߷󷨣ʶƿ̫磬̽鶼ɡ
̫˵һ㶣һȣȻܲ
ң̫תԻ磬ʶоǶȺûκԭ򣬱ϾҪĵͷȻܲٿءȻǳ̫Ľú֮ĺпޡ
˻Ȼԭˡ
Ҳ֮ǰǷµģʱǷµģҪһֱ̫磬
⣬̫󷨵תֻҪһȻŨԶԶġ
ֵ̫Ҫһ㣬Ҫԭ򡣡
һæϸ
ȸо̫粻ܼͬǿ϶ġ̫֮ԲͬںģΪ̫ķһֱǴ֣֮ԲûгֻҪڼ޵˺ֵ֮ӡ
̫˵꣡
~һ
鳹ˣȻҪһ㡣
֪󣬲޵ֻû뵽Լ֮ǰĻȷġ
ֲ֮ǰ֣ˣ̫ȻΪǵڵĹ⣬û뵽Ȼˡ
֮ǰҳϣ̫ˣ̫˵ˣˡ
ˣ
̫֮ǰûǣºǣϾϢȵӰ죬ʶòʱ򡣴ʱ¶̫Ϊ֮ߣԶ˵ˡĪҪ̫Ϊ˵ǵĲȡ
æƣǣ
ֵ̫̫ԶֹڴˣֻҪúһǻ֪ģθǳȥеɻ󣬼סٺõֻԶҪģԼļֺŬ
ҵȽүʦ̻壡
һּ⣡
ȿɻɻ󣿡̫ʵ
˵ֻ꣬ͷʵĹƺǴҵ֮ǰҲɹ̫粻ͬ磬ԭһֱΪǵĹ£ԣʣĹǷһ
֮ǰĶɻ
ǲɵͷ̫ͺĵĲͬˣǰ棬鹦̫µĹϡ
Ϊ̫ĹûΪ仯ʼһ
Ǻǡ̫Цˣ˵
и򣬶ĸǲҪֻҪףǴǡ֮Դݻѣ֮ͨеǿеСʣֱָ֮ԴĴСԣ򣬻Ǵ򣬶ԱĹû˿áסֱָԴУϾ;ͬ顣
̫˵꣬ˡ
֮ǰʽˣһǣ̫ȷͬǣڵĹ̫ͨ
˵ģǿСģֱָԴġ
ֲԼ˴ͨûеԲһɣԭһεġ
һˡ
ɻɢȥֵ̫ˣ£µĿȥˡ
ǣ
һ˲ʮˣҪģ⻹̫ļλӵȡ


315 ̫ղأ
кҪ棿
ʣʮˣ̫Ĺ㡣
̫λӣǻ𡢪ݡ졢¡ɽçˡ
ֻ˵֮ǰʱȲ˶޵Ҳʧأ֮ǰ컯˵º͵㱨
̫˵ͷԭȾԶ鰡
Լ֪ľ컯ҲԼ˵ȥˣͻˣûз°
˵Ҳǣһ̫ʧô飬ǸоԼࡣ
֪ˣǵ£ս˲ɱ⣬οȥôˣĪҪ벻ˡ
̫Ļ˻֡
Ȼȴ룬Ƿ̫ı֣νġ
¹еĿ֮ǰҲй£Ҳζ͹£Ǵȴûб̫飬ôһֱǹңȻѾزˣ¾ǡ𷣣ͨ
̫û뵽˵Ը񣬿ƱҵԸϲѹһԵģȴǿ
Ȼˣ̫һ컯Ƶ컯ԪȥԪѹһԪᣬĪҪñʧˡ
ˣǴԼĺãҪǲ˵Ầ
ʶ̫ð컯ԪڣԼľŲռ䣬ʱĿ飬Լ컯Իĥ֮ʿ
˵ֻ꣬ǲ˵𣬴ˡ
̫ֻܹ
ʱ
̫̫һŭ̫綼׹һֿµϯ̫硣
ô£
շصˣղŵ𻹺úõģôȻŭˣ
˭õһ㶡
ֳ
̫ŭˣʣҲˣæ顣
ʦҲҵΣֻѵĴʦϢŭ
ҺѹͬӵģҲд
岻ָӣд

̫ЦĿֳϴˡ
ˣȥԪѹһԪᣬɡ̫
Ȼһˣ˶˵ɶˡ
Ǳ̫һɽ˻ԪڣȻǾͶܵɣ̫컯Ԫӵ˰˳⹻ĥˡ
ʵ̫οģºѵãֻԼǾȻͷˡ
к£̫ʵ
Ҳҡ֨֨صġ
СҲǡ
ǣ̫˵һ֣ȫͽ컯ԪԼʱ̫磬ѹһԪᣬܿġ

ͷģؽ컯Ԫڣʣļλ
̫һŭرɫʯҲΪμʦƢ
ʵ̫пԣ˵ûװģǶϴҪҪ㱨ˡ
̫һ۵սľļλӣʵôҲϴ˵˵ˣҺðǹؽ
ľګġ
ֻʯʦ
ʦǶܺãûдǰʦʦ㣿Ѹٴʯϴʱ

һ㶣˲ˣʦǶܺá
ǫǫӱʦҡǣǶ
ǡľ
Ҳŵ˵ͷ
Ȼ
̫Цˡ
ŶôãǾϴĲñأȻˡ
ʵ̫ΣϾԼȥˣܲԼҲд
ǣ
Ǻǣ
ǺǺǣ
׵ļˣЦˣԭûƽϣԼ벻ˣҪǳͷԼ߹ԼԼ˳
ͨ쳹أʲô֪
Ѿͷ˵㱾˵ġ̫ʵ
ǣʦӣʦǾߵݡȣռ˺öˣкö̫ģ̫ˣСǾеʮƷҲˡ
ȻϢ̫ϲüҡ
Ǿˣ֮ǰʮƷʮӣǣģھʱڶˡ
һͲȳģԲѹˣ̫԰ԼʣµľŶȫԽˣȥҲÿ
Լʱòھöˡ
ʮʮƷİ˪һ䣬ľһ䣬Ԫһ䣬̫оŶ䡣
ǶʮƷʮƷĶ鱦ǵĳء
ǵĪĺô
ʶ̫ϲһ֣Լ϶ʮƷİȫ˵ľʱ
ֻǹһŶʮƷİĸҲǶʮƷľ
̫һȻÿ˺ܶࡣ
𣿡̫Ū󣬼ʵ
ֵʦǲҲ½½˺ܶ࣬컯ϲȲ裬ء
ţ̫˵ͷ
ʦûˣʣĶʯˮȣҲں
̫һ㶣ĵǺ

뵽Լռ˲ιңԼ֦ȣ̫ЦǸǿö
̫һֱҰΪ߸ԲԽԽҡ
ʶʱ̫ȸջεʱ򣬸Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
֡ȻĴ⣡
λӣʣµľɽݡڤȣϲĸ̫˾ߡ
ȿ֪ŴƷ̫ʵ
ү֪
СΣȻ֪ŴƷ
С˵˵
ǣүСվֱӣԵõ˵ŴƷһ컯ΪţݴŴһǿ컯򣬿
ˣ˵˵˵ǾŸѿСܳƨͷĴ
̫磬̫˭֪Щ
޷ǾŴƷأ˵̳֪ǾŴѡ
ðɣ˿Ůħͷһѣĵİ
ŴƷֱǣɣ¹˲ιˮҡӡ«٣ɡ
ֵ˵컯Ҳ˾ŴƷ֮һǴġ컯ûмĴ޲TħǺ컯ͬһԴݴ˻紴ʣĻҵ½ĻӡƺƺҵĴбڸˣ
ֵҵĴУ˵һ֦ƺҲΪǿ󣬵һģ塭
˵ˣү𴫳оЩˣ֪˵ĶԲԣ
̫ĵ˵ͷ嶼˵ˡ
˼̫ͷԽĿ࿴û뵽ûСһ֪Ķࡣ
ʵˣһֱѽС˭ȥ֪ʲô
ϾƷΰ̫Ĵ裬Ʒĸˡ
˵ĲŴƷ˵ˡ̫˵
ǺĴӣǺǣǾǱĶʮƷ⣬»ӳ˰ӣǳΪ˶ʮƷĲΡ
˵꣬˾ȵĿźĵǶʮƷԭ



316 ߴƷ
ʱԻͺйףʶԱ˲̫磬⾻Լ칦µȣڡ
̫˵⾻ΪβǻӣڻսʱԴܹˣԵõ˾ħ֮Դ鱦Ƭ˴˿̵İ
̫Ļƺһ׳Ļʱս죬֤һУ˴󹦵¡
򣿰յ˵ģĲ̫綼ǲʹ裬˵һ

ˣ˵˵ŴƷɣ˵ĺܶԡֱֵ̫̫ǻͷɣ
Ǻǣ̫ǺһЦЩҲǰˣֵõƷǿ
ֻ̫һ֣ĿɿڴУֻ˲ιˡ
̫ǰŵ˺ͻĵط
ȻȲϲĻ˲ιңȴ׳ĲСˣƺҪ˶þܿˡ
ʦ⣬˲ιңڻعˣԾʵ
Ѿ׳ɳ˲ι̫ĵͷ˲ι
ʦĵõģλʵ
̫󣬺ȻԪӣ˵Ƕһλʦܣʦܾ˲ιǻΡǱӺǵõģ˵Ҳɺϡ
̫˵һ£ԼõԵɣ
ʦʦأʣ
ʦڱ屾Դǿ󣬵²ܶʱ仯ζӦһĩһپܻζˣ˴޽ɵΪ˵ãħ岻á
棬ȻǾŴƷ֮˲ιΣŲڼƷ鱦ˣʶμѣһξʹ޽ɵΪ
̫˽ͬʱ
ھߵ˲ι˾޴ı仯
ֱһ쳤һۿų󣬽˶
;ˮ̫ˣǾŴƷһѸٳɳ
̫һ󣬸оᳬԽǵĸ壬ҲĸһıԴ
̫οĵ˵ͷλӿʦĿҲתͷۿֲǼƷɣȥĿѣԡ
ʦһϷɣʦѾĴƷˣľľõЩݲݺϲ
̫ĺ԰һֱڴԴ˲ȤϾæĺܣҪտ̫أ
Ǻǣɲֹˡ̫һֻ֣֬ƿˣƷ鱦ĵϣÿĶֲܷ򵥡
ղС˵˵ؼһ֦֦
˵ţ̫Ѳƿе֦˳
֦
ףȻ棬Ȼһƿˣֿƿ˶鱦֦Ӻ󣬾ǼƷ鱦
棬档
Ѿ֪ʦĵõˣ֮ʦÿγȥܻдջ
Լƺãûջ񣬻Ϲ
޲TħʣͿ£
ƺ̫ͼŵŵʣʦ֦ȥǣ
ƺ̡̫ˣȻһƷ鱦ˣƿӺ֦ÿ
ѽ㣬ʦоġȴֵĿ̫Ϊù񫡣
̫ȻеˣᡢСĵޣŵŵĿԼƿӣ̫еΣѾͷƽʱʵߣƺԼе˺С鰡
ް̫εʦûвǣʦڳȫ֦֦򵥰ܲϵĴˮ˵ǿ֪֦ܲüеıһ֦Ѿ桭
̫һܣŰ޳ӻָ˹
԰ֻҪ֦ˣǾкܶˮˣҵʱȡһزȥˣܡָܻ˼Ʒ鱦ĲˣʮߵƵ鱦
ţ޵˵ͷ˼һЦƺԼԽˣҹʦΪߵӵĵͷ˵ˡ
̫ˣˣˣѾͷƿӸˣȻû֦ҲһСˡĶ鱦û¾Ͷƿӣ˵дɾ͡
Ȼ䣿̫뵽˶ƿӵĹƺԼ޵Ǹ򰡣
ɵˣû뵽ʦƿӸԼԼû¶ƿӣǸ
ӹƿӰлһʦ˵ĶƿӣһĻ̫ͷ
ƺƺ񰡣
һȿѡȱΪն޹ɣ
̫ҡҡͷòˡ
޵õƿӺѺ˷ܣСֵƿôźÿˡ
̫
֦ԽһɵĿֻ֦󣬾Ȼһӣ֦ĵϸӵˣ̫룺ˣ
ҾԼȥʱ̫飬Լһѯʵĸ
ѯ̫ǷҪ֦ɻ
ָ̫ʾɡ
ƺ֦һܵɻԭΪޣŴһɣʶ֦ĳɳ
һΣ̫磬ԼǴ˽ֻҪԼĬϣǾô֦ɻ
ˣ̫˿ڳɻˣֻҪ֦һʱ䣬ܷˮ
ܳɳü֮ǰıˣ
ü֮ǰıǴģԼ̫ܲţܵõ֦ҲͼƷĲΡ
Ȼ̫ͺˣɲ룬֦ܳɳüбӡ

ʦ𣿡ʯʵ
ˣ̫˵
ϲʦֵһƷһʦƷˣҲϲ
ɲֹ̫˵˲Ļ
̫뵽컯ƿص컯ɵɵϣǻһƷɵġ
ڴĿ⣬̫컯ǰȥ֮ˣԭǱһɵɵоŴ֮һɣֻҪ컯Ʒˡ
ҡ
ûꣿ
ֵ̫¹̫ϣʱǰȥȡһ֦̫ߴƷˡ
߸һ
֦˲ιɡɣ¹߸ľľګһ顣
үϽѡƻī񡢲ȱأСҲ˷ܵ˵
ǰСҲľʦҲǡѻ˵
仰ľͽȦˣĵʦãħŮ㣩ֱûеѵģ
ȴ˵һʦŴƷģʦ֦ʦʮƷġ
ʦôʯϰ߸Ϳˡ
ֻоɽ˷ҽ˵ҪҪȥ̫ǣ¹
ǰ𣬷ҲãҵȥݺȻǰһ
԰ȥ

ྲ
̫һ۴ľɽǳ¹򵥣˵ھڣοֻҪһ֦Сţǧ󣬱Ϻ齲
̫ӵȥ̫ȡһ֦УҲöǣֻĪҪٳ⣿
˲ϲɥ
ʦ󣬺˷ܡʦǾ仰̫ˡ


317 ʦʴȣ
̫ˣԼջȥ뿪ˡ
ڱջ񣬱ʱ֮ɳȣ̫ʱ̵Ŀռʱõ
ǰ̫êݵȥ󣬿ʼΪɽֲĸȡ
ɽͨһٵֲڴﵽ̫Ҫ󣬿Իγˡ
ǣȻкҪһҪ̫һ
̫ͨתɾɽ֮˺̫Ϊ磬ɽһĸȸתͬʱþɽ̫
һɽ֮ܳǰĸȣ̫ܽĸֲľ粻ȡ
ɽ汾
ֻ̫һ֣ɽʧˣʱ֮ڣ̫ƿʱ䣬б޻ĸɽһ
ھɽ׼̫֮˲ɽԪУ˳ƿȫ
ɽȻоԼСŵ֮ƿԼԪһֽȻͬĸо
ԭԼԭԲ
һʱ䣬ɽ̫ٿسľ硢ΪԴС
̫ǿΪת˾ɽĵ˺ݵѸٸ˾ɽ֮Ǿɽĸ
̫˺߶Ѿɽ֮ǰµĲƽ⡣
ʱľɽǿܣԼķԪ񱻲ٿأԼļ䶼һı̫֪ˡ
ȻεģҪǣɽ̫Ĳٿغ͵Ӷž硣
ɽǵĲƽ⣬Ҳ̫ǿת
ɽķ֣ԭıԴתǵıԴֱ
̫ǿ󣬳þɽˣͶصİݷ
ˡ
˽ʱ䣬̫Ĳٿص£ɽ½ԼԪΪͬʱԼľһС
ɽ֮Ԫͷһαɽƿصʱ򣬾ɽϲķ֣֮ǰԼеĲ㣬һԵıȫɨˡ
ȻһٵĥԼĹඥֲ
֮ǰʮɷʩչֻܷӳʱ߳ɵʵ֪ھɽʮɵķ֮ǰʮɵʵǾãҲǸֲĺô
һн
ľɽͨһ̫ߵݣ֮
ɽл֮ΪֻһɽҲʵڣ֮ǰһʼˡ

ɣ֮ǰвԣ̹裬Աܴ㱾Բֻǵʱǲȫν֪ǳġ˺̵ܼһپ¶͵ĵĥʱĻرҲӦõģһ֮ԼŬãúõ̫ɡ
ǣ𣡡
ɽõǰ̣õ̫Ŀ϶һٵĹ¶˻ر
֪ôģȻСˣҲ֪Сôˣ

̫뿪ʱ̣̫˺һ˾ߣֵҵȳƺ̫ܲ鶼ˡ
һܼҿˡ
ʦӴ̽һϢЦݵ˵
̫һ֪Ϣ鲻ˡ
˵˵
ǣʦҪϺ齲ϺΪ˻رʦѲζǵѰ䱦أ빱׸ʦлʦıӻлʦĽ
Ŷ̫һ㶣εȳ̶ȣ
ϲĿ飬Ȼ̫ɫ΢΢˱仯ѯʣҲˡ
ʦݪݵ˵Ϊ˸ʦϺѾŬˣΪʱȶաкܶʦʱ̫ȥĸʦѰһеľʦɺ󣬶ҪȥѰңʦõ䱦
̫󣬴һ֣
̫ζˣԼǽΪǵĹΪǵ䱦
ѾԼˣҪ
ô˳ûҪأ
˵ڵ֮䲻ʦͽڵǰôϿҲΪ̫ϲ
ʲôöο㲻ƴ۵񣬺ܲãԼˣ鷳ͲҪˡ
飡
ڣ
ȥټ㼸λʦʦʦܣűĻӣȥϺ˵һ¡ֵ̫˵ǵⱾˣʱȵǻỵ˱Ϊǽĳԣ˵һ£˭ʱȵ񣬱Ϻȥɣ
̫˵꣬ѻӽ˿飡
ӹӣ̫漴һָһԪ˲ٿػӵķʽ̫µһƣֻҪ߶ƣΣ
ǣʦ
˵꣬˫ֹŻȥˡ
˺󡭡
ʯˣʦãʦ㣩ȻʦĻˣǶʱоҪ
˵һǲ̫⡣
ʦ㡰ѹեϺ飬ȻϺǺ⣬һ󣬶Ϻ˵˽ǰ
ʶǹĳʵһݣڳƣʦʴȣ



318 ڵ֮ԣ
׼ǲ˵㣿
ϺһȺڣǾŮϋִһ桱
Ȼ桱桱ֻԼ޷ΪԷ׼ѡ
Щ꣬ϴɢ޺󲻶׳󣬺ܶࡰӡ˾û˵ʲôѾˡ
ҫӦǵһݣȴΪƻˡ桱֪в˺ǲ
ҺãǿյʧܣϋԼһЩ߲˿ԭȺԼǿ
ʧصϢںǽƱģӰơ
ϺǸɡĵطһɢǿ޾̸̸أǰʹ޵Ĩһ
侲̫Ļع飬ǰ࣬ΪԼΪȺδԼҲؽδ֤
̫˿ʼ֮ġ桱Ҳʼ׼ˣǼǵһμ
⴫˵еĺĵһˣֻϺ˽ΰ
ططƿߣϢĴʶ̫ĺܶΰ׳٣ˡ
ΨϺ̫һ˿ϵأȻ̫зṦΰҵᱻΪ
ϋֶ֪˺ܶ಻Ϊ֪̫ܣ붼ġ

ֻϋ˵ʲôˣǲǲ֪ؼǿ⣬㹱׵ж󣿲ϣ󵽶ԵôģȷõϲǣʲôõϲأӪò԰
ϋĵ˵Ҫǿ⣬ѵп롣
ǳһ㶣æңң̫ˡ
ⳤǳ׵Ϻˣ¸ղŵ뷨̫ʶڳ
ˣ㲻ùˣȥ˵ǵĻᣬǲȺĴУθܵõĽ⽫Ǿ޴ĻԵһҪúϧ
ϋֻ峤
ϺϋֵļʶˣҲˡ
֮ǰϋ־֪Ƿ幫ɽǣЩΪһˡ
ȻϺ֮⣬Ҳ̫ʱ䲻ɽйء
ΪնȥʬͶʬһֱԾںģ嶼һֻ۱һֻۣû취
һֱѷΪĿϋ֣Ϻ󣬳ȺԼ뷨
ǾǺǷһȻܵõĴ࣬ϋ־ܵõ̫Ĵࡣ
ҲǷΪأҲС
ϋһֱĿ̫꣬ͽ
Ȼ
̫һֱûлع飬ϋеʧΣڵȵˣһҪõԼһҪԽǷ衣

ϋ޿ʱ򡭡
ˣ
ˣ
ֻһϺÿϺ鶼ü˼
ͳ̫û
ټϺʲô˸˼󣬲ʵ
ңĿӺͼλʦֵǣе˷ˡ
ʦȻǿ󣬵һĴӣ˵еĿȻ档
Ϻõ
ȴʱ䣬ҲѹƲס˵˷ܡ
ӹȻǿ󣬿Ȼܴ˼Ȼǿݵ֪ǰĿĺ̫ͬʴȸеϣϺνʧʶüǰ˵һ
ݵľѵǵȻʦСӣ˵
˵꣬ҲĽĿŻӣͿʦҪʦ㲻ֻĽĿš

Ϻеңǲ֪ټǺ⡣
Ϻܴ󣬵ټǣ·ͻ˼ʮʱ䣬к̫ܶԶϲġ
ʮ󣬼Ϻɣ߳ң

ףǿӼλ֪ٻҵȸʲô
ǲǵ𽲵ǰˣʵ
ܣεȴڣÿ仰ǵϳ֣˵ľ͸ģб顣˷
ǿȻһ˴ֳֵ˵ӡ
ǼǼԭǿӷġ
˳˼һ󡭡
һϵ˵ӦǵҪԸȴÿǡ

òǵ𽲵ɣɻ
˵׼ǵǰЩÿӶҵ˵һ
ǲ̫ᷴڣ̫ĴڣſΪΪȻʳԣҲ׸ı䡣
ǲɣ뵽˱ģ
Ϻٶ
һעһеϋ֣ĽĿſӡ
ʼ˱Ƚˣǿ޷ǱԼѣ
ǣΪеʦ˵ѾǴ޽ɳڶΪþͿɴ޽ڡػˡ
ԼҪǱΪͽܣԼĳɾͣԻᳬԽǷ衣
ʶ˶۵ټҺµʱϋȴ뵽ˣ
ֵ˽ʮ꣡
ʱϺۼ˽߰˳ɣĶˡ
ͼλʦֵܶһۺ󣬿ʼ̫˵Ѹˡ

ʦʦشѸ棺ʦ˵Ȿˣʱȵ񣬻ỵ˱Ϊǽĳԣ˭ʱȵ񣬱𶨽Ϻ

һ
˺Ȼˣһʱе㲻ԡ
ϋЦˣȻԼһϲʱҲϲϺΪԪˡ
ʶȷӦ˹
лʴȣлָԽضУƻ֮ԡ
ϋ˵꣬ǰ˲˹
ԭ˼ʴȣǺʱȳɷ磬˻úܶ²̨Ԫˡ
Ͼıﲻ˵õ͵õģҪƴҪǷ飬пܶһ˵Ҫ
ԴͷԼʱȣýĳȰ
ǣǶôʴȵĵ𰡣
лʴȣлָԽضУƻ֮ԡ
лʴȣл𡭡
¡¡һ󾴰Ϻл̫ΰ
ⳡ棬ҪǱ֮ܿԱǣʲôʱ̫ô˽ôΰˣ
ܻᳰЦСòö̫Ҳϡ
֮
ǰ˼ˣȫϺľˡ
ۿ飿
ϋ΢΢һЦղžŮʦ˼ģӿɽ̡
ҶΪŮŮǿĮԸܵ˵ϲϋ֣оܺϵ
ˡ
ּ̫Ҫȥ㱨ǣȴǴϋңһ𣬵Լʦǳٺúý̸
ϋˣû뵽Ϻ˵⣬ȨƺǰĿӣȻԼ̸
ңԼղŻڮٿλλأ
ϋ˲еûץסᣬȥɣҪϋڴ˵ȴͺãĪҪңȥɡ
ţλϋԵȣȥʦ㱨㱨ɣѰϋá
ȥɣ
㣡
ƺʶܾһƺԵ



319 ϋģ
̫磡
ʦʦˡ
ǰ㱨Ŀ飬˵һ̫ӹӵ˵ͷ
ֵֻʦӸоĹϋԸƣʶϋ̫һ𣿡
̫۾˿һۣɣ
лʦӸˣ
ȥɣ
ߺ̫һ£мƻһˣֻϣϋĪҪƭԼĵӣ


õʦ׼ܸˣң⣬ڵȴϋ֡
ϋþúˡ
ϋּˣкܸˣȻףԼܽңȻõ̫ҲԼȥң
˵Цˣһѣ޷
ĪҪнͿɡЦ
ǡǡϋݸһЦ˵Ǿ͹ˣ㡣
ǺǣŶԣӺܾ֮ǰõˣܴһϺ˵Ϊ
˵꣬ϋһ㶣ƺԥˡ
˺һᡭ
ôˣ˵𣿡鲻ʣ뵽ϋֵġѱ䡱Լ˵ˣӦ˵ϋֵʹĴˡ
ϋã˵ˣĪҪʵţͲᰲοˣȻеãȻ޴롣
û£ϋȴˣûйеԼǷҪȥƺԼ
ǾͺãҸҴȥң̫硣
ʲôϋһ
ĻȴϋסˣΪԼȥңأû뵽Լȥ̫磿
̫磬ϺҲڴ˵еĴڰ
˵ȥ̫磿⡭ϋֳԾʡ
ǺǡЦˣǵģѾʹʦˣʦҴȥ̫硣˵Ե֣ղżõһ۾ͷ֣úҺνһʲˣĪҪ⡣
޵֮ע͸ооӦð˾ŲʮһĪָ
Ϊߣ֮ĸȻȻ
޵֮Ҳӣ
һϋ־ָоˣԲŸ顣
⣿
ϋַԥˡ
֮ǰÿΪڿ˳֮еˡ
ˣҪľоԼǶԵģԲԼĵģʧȥܶࡣ
㣬ܴҼҪҪҪϋվʵʵ˵Բĺ񰮣ҲԲԼõĽ㡣
ãɻˡ
ϋֺӵӣеԥˡ
ʦӦԼϋֽ̫磬˵Ϊһ¾УԽ
ʦõĻֱӶʦһѾͿɣںƽ¡
޹ʴ˼ʦǾͲСˣϾʦˣĪҪ˵һ棬²ⱻʦһۣ֮˵ͻ
ʦһۺ˽ֽһǣӴޱȣǣӴ˵ùϣ
֮Χʦ˺ӦԵһ治⿿
ԡ
еԥˣǿϋƺҪԼĵһʧ
ãҧҧӦˣø
ϋ˿Ȼĸſ߽ң
ңķ羰ˣˡ
˺󴩹ң̫硣
ϋ磬Ȼ̫ˣǺεȴڰ
Ǵֵͭţ޾ѹ̫˼ˡ

̫ѯ˵
Ȼһüȥѿϋִɣ˵ϋݼ
ǣүܴʵĲʣү˵ɶɶ
ʶһչᣬͭŴ

ϋãһȥʾʦʦҲұ֤ҲĪҪļϋ˵
Ľ㣬ѾܸмˣܼϋֵĸϋҲ˵ʲôϋЦ
ϋ֮ǰԥƺˣ̫ƺܸ˳еԥƺԼսڤڤиˡ
ϋֺܲ˺ܶࡣ
̫ټҲԿ˵ˡ
Ȼ
ʱ
ণ
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ߣ񣡡ϋ̧ͷһһյľ
ԼȺпϸļأ̫䣬񻹶ɱԼˡ
ңԶ޻ʳʮ֮һݴ˺󱻵շΪ
ˣǴ޺ڵΪ׺壬ƺԼĸ룬ԼжûпԿĴڡ
ңǿǿ϶ġ
ûǰ˴ڵĲΣ˺̫һѾǴ컨ΪˣǱǿ壬ǴԲĲΡ
ʶϋ־ãУҲʵѹˣȺеĶⳤϣҲͺ񲻷µĲΡ
һǿϋֺȻ֪ô˵ˡ
ףǰ龪
ϾǻĹߣ϶̫Ҳģʵǿʶ̫ĵӣĳƺǰ̫ҲĬˡ
֮ǰ񼸴ο飬̫Ĺ̫׻˵ɶˣλ̫ܸߡ

ǰ
ǰ
ϋ֣ǰ񹧾
ӣҲϋûᡣ
ү˵ҴӺСѾͷǰȥݼɡҲ£ֱ˵Եɡ
ϋˡ
лʦ˵Ц
߰ɡֻһ䣬ϋֺͿ鱻ˣǷٶȵõָ̫󣬸ǺĿǰеһ
һ
ϋֻû¹Լһ޴ˡ
һμĵ𺳲ض˵ˣǴ֣һ۶и򣬱ԼȺӪԼȺӪ̨ѡ
ϋеԱˣʲô֮Ů빫ƺúܰ
ֲø˵Ǻʹܵĵ̻ǲ˺ܶ࣬ǲ˺ܶ࣬Ǹܱȡ

߰ãȥݼʦ˺Ҵúúһ̫档ϋֵ֣д˳
Ŷϋ㶵ĵͷ
һᡭ
֮һ·𺳺ϋʵǰʼˡ
ĵһ˰Լ׶׼Ķܰû뵽ԼҲһ졣
ʦӿЯϋǰ
˵꣬صĵŻشϋȴס˺
ɣ
ϋֻһ͵ǱԴһȻֿնԶƺ嫻֮ã㣬ƿһãһ㡭
֮ϋ־ãԼ֮ء嫡بš
ǣʦȴش
һֱȦϋֵø
ǣϋߵľż
΢΢һЦûоòףƺϋģӦõġ
ϾԼʦϵ̫˭һǰݼš



320 ν
ʵ֮ϋֶҿֻ̫ǸѹͻͣͶذ˰ݾߵ֮
ϋ֣ݼ̫𣡡
ĳƺ̫΢΢һЦϋֺܴ֪֮ǰһϷҲƭԼ
üƺе㲻
̫Ϊζ
ϋֹСŮΪ̹Զ½
ƣ̫˵ͷʵ
ǣ𣡡ϋֵ
ȴ˿ͣϋúʦ˵ʲô
СŮӲѳ壬Ϊ塭ḸҲеΣδ֮֡ʶس˼ƻ
һ󣬿ˣԭ
̫ĵ˵ͷϋֺܴûԼ
̫ȴûϋ֣ʿлںޣԹ
̫Ļټ򵥲ˣʿӣսѸղƭ㣬𣿻ں
꣬ϋҲĿſ飬ίȷÿ˼ˡ
ʦӲ޻ںޣҲԹᶨ˵г˼ᶨơ
ƣ̫΢Цĵ˵ͷ
кҪ˵̫ҲϣСùϵˣοϋֺܴҲͦϵġ
ңԼĶͽһֱԼ̫磬ѶûУܽϋ֣̫⿴ġ
СŮǵļƻ˵ϋָмĿһۿ
˵ʼȷÿ˼СŮӳԴʱʱСŮӾʹԽ̹ˣ̫ش󣬲ҶԿֻܵü֮󣬲ſ̹ԣأСŮӱȺƻҲأʶʶ֮СŮ˵оɶˣҺýСŮӣСŮҲŵģƭԿ㣡
ϋ˵ֿ꣬һۿԭ¡
˺ڿľУϋֺܸɴ̫ǰԡ
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324 䱦
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󷨹̫˵ǿӦԵġ
ֻӵѹʱԲ̵ľֹй̫һ䣬еĹ̼ɢ
飬ִܷ˺ǿ󣬡ԼĹû˿ú󣬷ûˣǱܵĿʼл˷ǿķ͡
һ㣬һѲס̫
ʹһУҪƿ󷨣ֻʹһˡ
̫һ˿أкܶ취ƿ󷨣һ⻨ѵʱ䶼٣ΨһпѸٵƿ
Ǿǽʽͬ
֮ǰڻʩչһΣЩɵ˰׻ҲԼ㷨Ĵ
˿ںģû˻֮ṩһض죬̫аƿˡ
ʶ̫Ҳԥ

˵ֻձɫʱҡ׺ɣ
ۿ˲֪θ룬̫ƺһ̫˵ʱձˡ
ͬ
̫˵
¡¡

ңԶ洦˭ǺεȿµʽȻرɫϺѵ̫
ħ޲TȻɫһ䣬ߣ̫ǿǺεʽ
ɽĺȻ֮ƽշ֪̫֮嫣
Ϸڽ廢üָһ㣬һƿռ䣬˻ʱĽϣȻ̫ѣ
Ĵһĺûָһѩǰܣϵˡ
½ѹ
ȵܣرɫʱǸӦˣټϺǵط̫ƺû˸
ֻǲ̫ڸõ

ڻʩչһʽȻ޲ںʩչ̫û뵽ꡣ
̫ˡ
ֻ̫ʩչһʽѸۿɼǰڡ
ͬˣͬ޵Ĵˡ
һ̼䣬󷨺Ȼˡһͬһ֮󣬳׵ʧˡ
ʧˡ
䡱һֻʧ֮ǵڵʼĴƮɢ
һʱ֮Ǵһ㡣
ƬܲŨ֮ǰ̫Ļ𵴿˴˵صŨƣ˿̸ǳһɵ
⣬ƿ󷨵ĵڣֻ滨ݣ˱ǣɺ׷裬Ծ
ǵĴһĻɫӣʮƷ֮һĿ
Ȼˣֹ̫
Ϻ˵ܻߵģΨõóֵıҲ⼫Ʒˡ
˺󱻽ȡߣ徻񣬿ɷУ켫Ʒ鱦
ˣ̫ǿıϡ
Χۼһɺס㡢˲޵ȻεС飬Ųͺñ˲ޣϸ˵ɣһ顣
ξܲ𣬳Ǳ̫һļһ
ԵСʶµĿŲ̫֮ıҲЩػ
֮ǰ⵺ڣû뵽ƿ󷨣ŵսսġ
ǰǰ˭һɺ׻εСͯʵ⻹һɻεͯŮǴ˵Ϊߵ飬ȻвɵĲΡ
ⷬ컯Ҳǵ
̫˿ްСһȻ͸ˡ
ңСѾͷ˴Сƨ꣬˵˶ᣬԼϲСޣôأ
쵼£ҲĴڣǿܽˣ־ҲԶ߰ӣ̫ϲԼûͯͯŮأ
Ǿ˰ɡ̫뵽
ȶǳڴ˵飬ձƿ󷨣ѡ񣬸ߣǼڴˣԼѡ
ܸɴֱ̫׳˴𰸡
ں˵̫Ǻʴȵĵˣһʿƿ󷨵õ鱦Ϊ˽ɱڵ飬ǻ᲻˵
б޻
̫±˵ıҲ
οִ֣ɱҲɱ֣һֻҪ̫ᡣ
Ǿ仰ûҪΪӡ

ĴڣܺܵСǲȫлеģ֪ʶʱΪܡ
ң̫ɢְһеϢһʱ˺£оޱȵС
̫ԭҲءסһеԭ
£мС˲޺֥ޣѾ󵨵Сȥ̫ĽˣһºǻẦµܿȻһ͵͵Ц
ν󵨣ĵʹ̫ҲƽˣϲЩС̫С˲ǣϲ׽̫
ԸǰߡǺɻС˵ȴʣǰȥģȥ˸
⻰ʵģ
ʵĸʯ˱ʦﵱȻá
ǰ̫˿飬ɺСƨͺɻСѾͷƬ˵ͯӣƺүʣСһ𣿡
̫һԼݺ԰һֱľչˣ԰ԽԽľҲҪѾչ˲ˣ˵ľǱչأûչˡ
̫ãȥ̫顢˲ޡ֥ޡɺ׵ټչԼݡ
ҲͨЩݺɢıԴϢϵһõġ
˼ƷÿһƷɢıԴһʱձ÷֡Ũ
Լ˺üţȻҪչˡ
̫˾ʶ˵
и޴԰ͬһԴȴԴʤǣ˲ܵǺͻΣСһ͸չݺ
̫˵꣡
Сһе㲻⣬㵱ͯӣԼ˵԰ܲð
ǰҪѿŪߣû˿ɢԴıԴ˥ģҧӦˡ
ȻСһ̫ղغ󣬽뿪ˣǵ԰˵ð
ðɣСɺ׺СɻӦˡ
ţ̫ĵ˵ͷСɺ׽кСɻкǱ֡
̫˵꣬˵˷ˣԼˣ̫ˡ
̫һ֣򵥵СһϸĴɵ
ֻһĸ춴أһƷĴڣΪ˵ԴԴϵṩ
һԵɵȻҪԼ˿󣬻ɵʧɫ٣ҲήƷΪƷ
ң˵˿ʣû̫۵ģһ۵ĳ̫ǣܶأ
ͲԱɵ֣֮ĺֻǼ򵥵Һѣпޡ

̫Ȼ뵽ǹ״˵ݵˣ
԰⵺һ󷨺󣬴͸ݵ˾ˣҲֲĹף˺ָһˡ̫˼ƻ


325 ٣
̫ʯ˵˿˾ŴƷ֮һ󡣡
˵꣬˵ɫ仯ܲͬ
ݵûһ˿̰̫ҺΪͣʶ󣬶û󷨵ĹԲűסСͿˡ
䱦ͲԼܵõˣ½ҵõҲǺ£˵Ầ
ʶҲĽ
ʯͲһˣǿǼʶʦղصģʮƷʦ߸ںǰ˸ˡ
ͲӺͺ«ˣƺŬһѾȫˡ
ϲʦô
ϲôء
˵̫ݵ˵˵㹱׵ģʲôֻҪĶ㡣
ʵݵ˺ܻţԼûôҪ˵κҪڵ𽲵ʱѾõܶˡοҪǵȥ󷨣˵һ֮ϣû󡣡
̫ĵ˵ͷϲ֣ΪĲ̰
Ĳ㲻̰Ҫʵ̰Եʵˡ
й̫͡ɣɵȻ㷢ֵģǾʹɡ
ݵ˷ˡ
̫ĴԼõĲһϺ̫ľģԼĵõı׼ۺ졣
һɵԼˣݵ˷ˡ
ֻ̫һ֣ĴƮݵʼѸٵᣬ˺̫ǲһ󷨣õڵƮɢȥ
֮ǰ󷨴ڣڵŨȥ֮ʼĿĵƮɢˡ
ɵ˵̫˷ˣʶ̫һ󷨣Է£Լ򵥵Ĺݵʹ㹻ˡ
˺ĿɿڴУ̫ȡ˿һ򵥵ĲãȻʺݵ˵ĵ
̫ҲʳԶʣ忴һݵ˵ĵ֮󣬸ΪһʺйΪ񾭡̫Ѵ˵Ϊ񵺡
һ̫֮һƿ󷨵Ŧݵˣݵ˼Ŀʼز
ֱ̫ʯ˺ܾúݵ˲żվ
˺˷ܵĸһԼĹƿɵŦʼɵĴת
ԵԵν²ƣ˷Ҳ˵أݵǻǾҵĹˡݵ˷ܵ뵽
һ֮ڲϺƯˣϵĹ񾭡ƶҲͯӣռͽҵ²ˡ
ԽԽݵ˾ãȱչظ֮ǰջ񣬴˺ݵµġ񾭡һʱ䣬غȥѰһͯռˡ


ң̫ʢỹڼûоκˣ̫
̫ѿ£˳̫һ֣ǧ̫֥ޡ˲ޡɺסȣȫ̫˹
һȺǲߵСһۼһ㿴ҿ㣬̫ƣүã
СһµҲãչݣչ˵ĺ˱ͣûµʱҲȥ̫ˣ
̫һ̫ͨĽһĻСһʹ
ҲСһչ˲ãֱͨһָʾҲ̫̫ˡ
ȻǸģһֱ̫СǣС֣صĵͷ
˺̫ݡ԰˲ϲһֱԴֱ
̫ǽ˼򵥵ķֹ˭չʲôȷ̫ͨıԴʶݣá
˺̫עغ̫˵չˣһ顱ǣרһ׿еĹ
˵򵥣԰ͱԴǸӵʹ֮顣Ȼĺǿ󣬵Ĵ˵Ҫ
⹦Ҳ򵥣̫ⲻˣ̫籾ԴʶĴУͳ˿̹ĵıˡ
һ̫֮Ѱͺʱ˿̻һ̫˾ߣѿȥһʩú󣬿ѸٵӦ̫磬ӵ׳
ǼƷκνֵܺܶħǳʥѾ컯ˣܻ鱦ҲòˣǾ̫ˣ
ԣƶĽֱӰѿ鱦úõһƷ̣ˡ
̫̫Ƹ鱦
Ȼ̫ȱ鱦ѿ鱦ġ
ռ֣õãòǿֳ֧ƺܶ鱦ȻҪʱ䣬ǰֱӾ
ŴƷÿһǶһ޶ÿһҲһ
䲻Ҳһʱ󣬷֧鱦ܺ
ǿĵطͬĽ
ͿƵĻһǾǺ«٣ҲǿԽ鱦
κκ«ɽǵȵطȻıˣʶ£һε߸«û׳ɣˡ
̫ǽ˵Ρ

ž߾ǼƷ̫ĵ˵ͷ
ͲӺͺ«ˣռ˾ˡ̫δϣ
ɽ«ɽǺ۵ĵط̫аҵ
ңҲǸ磬һǱϺ군ġ
ƺϵģ˲ɶҡ̫¹̫Ƿɣ⣬Ķû³
ҷֻǧٿãԪͨűס˲ιʣԭ켣ȫ군ˣò˵ź
βһˡ
̫ЩƷһڼƷĲĴڣ仯ܴ̫羻ߣѾڼƷˣҲֿ̫ϲȲ衣
̫֮ǰ̫ͨıԴʶ衱ͻһ֡
ó̫ԲϲЩҲԵ̫ϲԽԽïˡ

Ӵʯǵ֪ʦֵõһƷ˷ܵǰۿ
˺󣬸ǳ˴
ʦˣҪʦǰȥ̫ǣȡһ֦¹Σʵ
ţ̫һЦԼȷ˵
ҲãȥɣסһҪСĽϱΣʱһǿƿأҲ̫Σգڡ
̫룬˵ʲôȴˣˣȥɣ
λӵˣ֮ǰ˵αźͽٳ֣һӻһ
ǣʦ
˽ӹ̫뿪ˡ
¾һҪãǰˡ
̫ߺһݣ⣬Ҳͷˡ
ʱĺϴɢޣƽĺܡ
Լ⼸λӣ֪ǵĲ࣬Բеħˡ
ǿԼ㣬⡣
ǣ
λӸ߲ã̫Ȼ뵽ʲô
ףԣʱ˺ͺͳѾˣǼλӿĪҪɱ̫Ȼһ
һ룿
᲻ܵģ˺ͺͳҪӣӻǻγģⱻɱˡ
̫뵽˷ˡ
˺ͺͳԼļλӴʱĵУΥơ



326 ·

ףСӣϵղһݣƺлԵ˽ȡˡȴݵ˭֣
ħȻɵ۵Ľ˵˵Ľһ㶡
ǰΪ֪ʵȴԹ˭ҵĻԵ
ǺǡħЦ̫ڵΪģҪ֮ϣȻݲ˭ȡĻԵֵϵȻҲݲ
⻰˵꣬׼ͽһȦ
ǰҪݳ˭˭ȡʦֵĻԵҵȻζǰȥҪ׼е㲻ҽȡʦֵĻԵֱˡ
ħЦˣСҰĵСϵݲ˭㾹˵ǰȥҪǻᱻ˴ɱ˰ο
οССԵˣϵΪָһ£ǽĳɾͽǺԵҪҲգҪҲաħ
ǰġĽܰȻ
Ҫ֪̫ȡˣҲ֮ǰ·ʱŵǴҳλ׼ղžǰ㡰͡
ˣˣǻζʱ䲻ˣĪҪļȻζ󣬲ǳ۳ҵʱץȡ绯Ρ
ħֵ֮ǰӦþ˴սºܶȥϵܸоƺһ޴ĻԴͷڣϵǽ֮µĶȸԴ֮ҲˣԼŬˡ
һ˿ѹһ˿佱ħӺó
Ȼ׼ʦֵ󣬼˷ѹ˵ץ

ͽ׼һһɷʮǣ˷ܵĽ̸š
ʱǣѾﵽ̫ҽɵĲΣǴﵽ̫ҺڵĲΡ
ԪǣѸ٣ƺþܻζˡ
ȻȻɷûˣʮ˺ơ
֮ǰɷһֱ㣬Ҫ˶þܻˡҿʮһ˵ܶԣȫȫ磬ôлζѺþ˵أѲһݱʬ˵
ԭΪĽ£Ľǿڵ뷨
ʶǾôջζ̽һˣѺô׼
ǰ磬о㻯ҪεΪڤʵ
׵ܵõ뷨ΪĽ粻ǵ򵥡
ʶʮһʱɷٶȣȫȫ磬ô羡绯ζѺô̽Ϣ
ҵȶ˸ѪҹҵҪζҪ̫ԲκҪ޽ɳڵĲβſɣֻ̫ҺڵĲΣҪﵽ̫Բ򵥣δﵽ޳ڲ򵥣ҪܶɷҪ㹻ĻۡΪѵ˵
˵꣬ڵǶˣҪɷ̫ˣе
ȻҪ֪ٺ͵ħ֮ȥľųɾǾͲᵣˡ
еʧĬЦĪҪżȻҵȵضҵݺһ죬˵ҵ˸ѪĪҪżǳ۳ҵһġ
οŵܵǣҲ뾡绯ζⲻżܼġ
ֻ

̫ϵͷۿͶ̫һȴ˳Ķˡ
ܣôˣۿԴ̫ܶǺ󣬾͸Ŀģڲ¶ˡ
ͬԴ໥۵ΪҲܸ졣
磬ҵİ鱦˳ãҾ̫Ҳεޡ̫һЦ
ʣ磬ĺͼôˣ
ۿһЦʵ֮ǰˣ֮ǰΪͼֻǷ֮ͨʱݣз˴ܡ
Ŷ̫һϲʵ磬ʲôܣ
ƺǿйءۿ˷ܵ˵
ˣ̫һʧˣǵ̫ǣȻҵȵİǿǣˣһΪ緢ʲôأ
̫һϲȥˡ
ۿȴϲɫ˵Ǽ򵥵ǿйأƺлž޴ܣƺһܣֻ̫嫣ΪִʱΪ򲻳ǾԲ򵥡
ۿ϶˵ڤڤ򵽣ͼصܱض򵥡
ðɣðɣСҪˡ̫һôϸ˷ܣԼȤֻץ
ˣۿԼܵû취ˣȥɣȥɣú
ͬһԴֵܶףȻ˽˴˵Ը񣬶̫ܶһе㼱Ըңȵĵۿһ
Ȼ˴ܣȻҪһоУǡǡһ̫óҲ֪ʲôܣζҪһר֮оһ¡
ۿһó˺ͼеܣȴݲеź

һóķˣȻֵĵ٣Ůأ
磬ôŮ˷ܵŸˡ
һЦС̫ˡ
ٵҲáŮˣʱŮ活ܺߣΪ˵Ŀ佱ˡ
˱ף˺Ů洳˱Դ⣬˶һܾͨŮ洳ԡ֮һдУҽ󻹻ᱻȫ֮ɾ컯
֮ҲʶԶ赸⻶죬ϲá֮Сó
ν㵸֮ϲãνǼžȻ֮Ĭ
˳⣬ɡ衢ȵ֮Ҳó
ʶ˸٣Ů裬˶еȤ
棬ɽŮ洣ǡ
˿ںڷʲôھʲô

ȻвżģǾˡ
̫ˣÿһ̹źźˣʶֵȻԵõĸ۵һӣһ߹󲻿µӡ
̫ӸΪﵽ̫ԲڴУҲǿһ
ԭʼҲﵽ̫ҺڵĲΣͨһ̫ҺڵĲΡ
ǱĴҲҪʮĩΣҪƴһѣܲҪ
ΪеĶ࣬ǵҲأִҪ鱦Ҫ֮ܳ㣬Ҳ迼̫ࡣ
Ž׳˵ľˡ


ѵƽһʱ䣬óĴܣڻȡ绯Ρ
ڴеĴܣȴһС
޲Tķ֣Ľûͣȴڲơ
֣ԼնȥʬҲԶˣʱԼܴﵽԪڵĲΡ
εķ֣նʬ򵥣ʬ֤Ԫ޼Ѱ
Ҫ޾˺ͻۣҪĹֲУ
ǹºôۣǺҪǵġ
ʬ֤ǽݾǽݾҲޱȣñȺ֣նʬ˵ѣѵʬһ
ʱնʬҪʱ䣬ʬ֤ԪޣȴҪߵʱ䣬֪
ΪϵֻҪնȥʬ󣬾ܴﵽԪɺڣʱ̫ȶ岻ãκΣݾվǽݾ߽ݾעҪܸѵ飬ϵ̫ѵĲ໹û䰡
ҡҡͷ˵ˣ̫ȻûȣǾʱȲȣǺú޲TΪá
޲TȣԼռƣԼ˵õ߶İ޲Tȴʧ߹İ
˵Լֿཻѣü̫ˡ
֣ü̫ˣڻŵԵʣǲܲԼ޲TᣬӦҲٿزˡ
̫ü춼û䣬ϸ˵ǲңڵĴڣʲôĥѿ顣
ˣǶ޲TѹԺãԼľ棬òҪ
᲻һ
ͽкΪˡ
ҺãһĶǣҲ㵽Σϵ˵Ҫȥݷһˣϴɱ޲T
뵽Ǭˡ
Щӭ֮ġ飬



327 
һߣ
ѣϵֵ֮أ˵ص˶ħƣǾвԹΪ޲T֮ˣ
ָֻ̫ʾǰ̽Ϣͻˣһϸ۲һ޴Ķڡ
ֵ˵ز󷨺ͽƣϵϤԹ֮ʶûǾʶǰһ
ԭһ֮أ²޲T֮ڽеı
κħɱԹȵϤԼ¶ˣʶԹΣɷֵ
ãԼ󷨵⣬Թȵó˿Բ˵´̽һ
˵ͷʼһݡ
˵ħƣԹ֮ǰ⣬͵ģҲֻм̳޻ʵ޲Tˣ˵ضǵһ֮ءֻǡ
һ㶣ֻǲ֪ռЩԹʲôѵǼʹã
֪Թʹãܼ鱦߼󷨣վΪ
ʶԴ˵ش˰գòǹգڼ鱦
ķʵѿа취

Цˣ˵үô꣬ѾԹˣԹ֮˭ȵԹεޣ
ǾͺáҪľ仰
ɷħԹȣǣ־ķ򣬶Ժܶʿ˵ޱͷʹġ
ñи˵ĸ棬ʶԴ˲صĲ࣬õȴ١
ⷽĴãһ̽һ󣬾ܻع̫̫ˡ
ҹ۲˵أΪҲһڵĲΣֻҪϵƿ󷨣ȥԹԹĹҵȶһ̽
ãǾͿʼɣѾȥ󷨣ԹԹ齻ˡ
ã
˵ţ˿ʼصǴڡ
ⶴڸǣһǲֵܷģκ󷨴һˡ
ָ̫ʹ裬޲Tµ󷨣ֻҪ޲Tƿ⣬ܲ˷
ʱʱԹĹſȥ˵ֲöĸоԹ޶ԣֻǲ͵ѣһｵһ
˵˼㣬һһ̳Թ飬Թɵ󷨣׾ٵı˲ϵ롣
˽ʮʱ䣬ˣǶڵڲֻڲޱȵĿ㡣
˵ħƣͷƤԹ˻˻ǣҪҲǳˣ˵ᱻĵطɵ
ļһռ໥ʳɱúõ궼ܱԹ֮飬˺ưɱɣȫĨȥǣǺƿУǰɵԹһգˡ
񿴵ͷƤһĻоаħ̫ʴˡ
ǵĴڣĥʹ仯ڲһ󷨣´ڴ˴ľˣҲᱻתԹꡣ
ѣⶨڼʶԹ飬ǵĲ̣ɱ޶ϵԴⱦƱػ᲻ͬ찡ȴΪȻľ޻ʳʱĶˡ
ߣ¼ıﲻͬ죬Ҳа֮ߵ˵
Ҳ˵ʹˣж޺ǲаģҲааҲûֵģ;ͬ顣֮ǰ̫Ľ̻壬Ϊ
ñһаֻ֮Ҫа񵽼ޣο;ͬıԴˡ
˵ˣֻǼ򵥵а̫С޲TˣĽ
СݡĴ޵аɨȫ

ѣȻ̽ˣڼҵ뿪ɣֻҪߵͿɣ𶨻׵ġһҲˡ
Ҫ´ݾߣ̫ǲ³çħߡ
ã˵ͷĿĴ뿪ǡ

Ҫ뿪ʱǸնݳⶴڣ˸ϻش˵ص졣
ʲôˣ뿪󷨵һ˲䣬ǡɱ췢ˣ󷨲󣬵Ǵڸֵ죬ȴǷˡ
ãһԼû֣ȴֲ󷨵ˡ
޷һСħͷѣߣסȴ⡣
ս̫ˣĻĪʶƽģοô̽̽ˣΡ
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˺죬Ҵ⣬Ѹٵ̽һָղûƻʲôֻ̽һѡ
طǱסˣֻħˡ
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ȴ֪治ں壬ȥǿա



328 ǳìԻӣ
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޷̫ǣһδѽҪˣԶԶĳ֮ǰ޽ѡ
һκڲϴɱȺȺҲӦ֮С
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СҪǴ޺ڵΪʼղܴԲڴ˾ܾˡ
̫ĹƣҪһ⣬ȫȹ˴νѴԲڣ׵пܡ
Се㵣ĵͬʱȴҲΪָ̫ࡣ
Ȼ˰ţ˵а취Լȫȹ
Ҳ˵ˣúʧ׼ɣԾˣܹȵĸ档
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С֪ʧ˺һᣬټиּ򵥵˵һ£û͸¶࣬й¶
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329 Զ
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˺ͺͳصĳƺʯ˳׵ˣֲСѾͷǳ֮ìĹԭͽܡ
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ʮޣ΢̫ͬꡢ츮̫̰ǡšࡢɱƾ»桢󸨡ĲᡢǡǡޡաؽЩҲһûбλҲԵʮǾ֮һ
ʱǵǻεΪľԡصѡáºβ𻢡ˮľ¹ߡˮ򾡢ľǡ¦𹷡θռڡˮԳľⳡţţŮΣࡢһˮ

֮ʱǳǾ񣬻Ǻ֪ǰ㣬̫Ҫһſ֪˭˭
˵δ֮ǳǾͻ˺üˣֻǳ֮鲻һµˡ
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330 浽ã
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ѵԼ⼸λִˣ˺Ѿˣ
̫ѡ
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ˣҲûֵĿ̫дǰԼĵ
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˾ߣ濴ʮĴڣ֪ĶʮƷ⣬˾ŶʮƷİ
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Զ̫ӣȻˣɻˡ
Ҫ˵ʦ棬䡣ⲻϲ˵ģȻԵѿڶ
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̫뵽Լĸı䣬ǿյǿǵۿͶ̫һ󣬱ضǿտġ
ȻڳΪܻһʱ䣬߰мǱһʱ䡣
ޱĴӣƺԤʾŵۿ̫һûгͷ֮հ
ǰ̫񻰴˵̫һֱԵۿͶ̫һϲģϲǲĵӣԲϵսսأʥ˿־ǡ
Ī˵ʵãҰȴ󣬾˭ĵӣ˭ĵ߹ĺ䶯ԶʤĹңľĵط
οҰĴ󣬵ȷǣǻһģҲǡ
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չһӣҪֻȥˣҪĿС
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˵ͬΪ桱֮ڵ̫ϲЩıӶսսصĴڡ
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̫ܣܻᱻ˷ϰĵλԼܲûá
˵ԼҪǹˣĲˣҲսսˣǲ˵վҲҪ군
ƿصİʥ˴ܲϲҲϲ
˵ƿصİԺɿʥ˴սѡ
˰еغͿ־Ϊã̫ġ
桭
Լ˵̫ȴ˵ˣҲеˣ̫ڱʾԼǰ



331 ң׳ɣ
̫Ѿò𣿡ʵ
̫ҡҡͷûУֻǸо棬֪ѣްˣ޷ѡ
̫һ˵Ҳͷˡ
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ǲϵĻ޲TڼĽֻĽѶȽᳬԽԶԹԼɹģֻǱҲ֪Ҫʲôʧأ޲TΪĽģЩָбģ
̫ҡҡͷ֪ĽѶȣҲ֪ĽļɹҪʲô

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Ԥʾţл֮ǰĻһбԴ»عأӶµĻᡣ
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ƣñħ޷ıԴһ˿Դ½ΪĴڡħ治𣬱ħ治𣬽ڱħĸ£飬ҲһĴڡ
޲Tᶨ˵ƺԤʾţһλ䡣

һ޲TȷԼĿꡣ
ǾǴɱ棬ֲɽбԴǱԴռ֮顱ܳ׵Ƴɹ
ȷĿ޲Tʼȷȴɱ˭
ýϼһöûмֿѣɱܼ򵥣˰ں档
޲T˼һ֣²ôѣԼɱʱֹǾͲˣƻļƻ
ϵͻƱչУԼѸٴɱ棬һٴɱΪ򵥵棬ͺðˡ
ȴɱ죬ô׼Լٴɱʱ򣬻ܼѣ˵ǰӭս
ʶȸ㶨Ѱ棬޲TĿꡣ
뵽ˣ޲TҲԥԸºʱҪжԼƻɺж
޲TԼжʱ֮˱˷ˣԼڣǾͲˡ
ʶħʱȲɫأԼɱ˵
˺󡭡
޲TϢ뿪ˡ
ںĿɽչУ޲TҪǰһ֪
޲T컯ڣһ֮ˣǲݳĴڵġ
ּԴ޲T֮ԴԴںϣ̫ͶԿռ侫ͨüһǲܷڵġ
Ȼڤڤеļ¶˹
һݣȴǲ޷֡
˼ú󣬸оӦԼˣʶҲû⡣
淴뵽Լֿ棬ֵ֮ӳɹɡ
οԼֿѵĳɹ˵Լֵ֮ӲԶˣֿѵıӻһĳɹʡ
ǱչؽҪǰȥݷһףֵ֮ӣ˳Ѱָ㡣뵽
ʱ
˸Ӵŵı麣ġʱڽһ˼
ĻὫһٻζξ˴޳ڵΪҲ֪ĺǺεò֮ޱȵľ޴ʺ
ǣҲоĵط
õ޴ĻԵʵɺϣʱ¶ǵʱججɱɳ
Ȼһ죬һڤ֮£ǰ֮ԥǱԴ
Ҳ˴ʱڲпỷвɱɡ
ڼ̳ǱԴȴֵ˾
һԼڤ֮׳֮˵̣̾ɵء
ڤ֮Уең֮ĴС
ֵȴݣһ̣һңڣǼ˵ı֣ԶǴ˿̵ںϵġ
ʶһֱԥѡ
Ƿ׳֮Ƿң֮
ڵ˴˿̣Ҫʱ̡
һֵſɣʺʱľΪܳϵģһپܻζƺֿϧ뵽
ڿã뵽Լ
ߣֻУǿʳпᲫɱҪǰңãοչңˣȫ׷֮֮ɵص̣Ϊã
ڣˣǵõңרԼ֮
ȻңصңͨݷֻܷңȴҪңıԴںϽԼɵ
֮ɣ˾ǡ
ʶնȥңĵӡɡȥ
ҪնҲ򵥣Ҫһʱ䣬ʶʼնңж



332 춨
棬ȥѵʱ򣬺Ȼ֣죬Ȼˡ
ô£˭һ㶡
ãչһܣִ˲нһ˸档
һЦӡʱա
кþòˣôŷӭӣ
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ˣסԼǺˣ
˿̵棬˲˾޲T߲ƣѸٵһǺ
ϣԼϢܹݳȥ
ںĶɽϵڽ׻ԪɵԵʣڱջȹΪȻ洫Լ
ãѡϵ˲ȫһ޹ҲԥԼ̫ͼѸٵűȥ

ħķӡ˿ҲԼȥĻᣬ΢΢һݣֲĸо
޲TԵζ
Եζ޲TһЦȡ
仰˵꣬Ѿ޿ɱˡ
ֻСΪУԼףԼǻԪɵ޲T֣ο޲TǻԪɳ򵥡
ӳ֣޲TıԴȫʱ޲TǻԪڿҲǻԪΪˡ
޲Tԣ׾١
Ȼ
˵֮ǰĻ޲Tҹζ࣬ʶ˵ʼз˹
䡱һֳнһƷ鱦棬ֻһ棬ͱ޲T֮߱ǹˡ
Ǽ򵥵ƣзԼԪ͵ҲʼһħϮ
߱ǹ߱Ԫ񣬷˵򵥡
УдȴãȡԲѭɡ
޲T޵ģҵĲֵ֮ӵˡ
ʶһ̽޲TʼȫԸˡ
ӲţӲĵ
ǣ
޲TǲģֻйѾԪɢϢˡ
ҪӦսֻǶܷ»ҡ
ҲһҽС
䡱һֻ߱ǹӲǻС
ֻ֮壬߱ǹһǹˣеԪ͵ȴǽ˳ȥ
ʱ
޲Tס֣
䣡
ֻ޲TӡʼûеıԵ
ʱϵˡ
κ̫ͼ˫ǹȴУʱƿ޲TƷ鱦ѹʱա
޲T޾µļǲһ
ʶΣգ棬ȴҲڶʱƿӡ
ǣĵ޲Tһ룺ҪſɣԤϡ
ֻ޲Tгɫƽ죬ʼӶƽסеԪ
ʱǱѾʧֻʣԪԴĴڡ
һĴܴܲս˵زԱˣȴϣţ´ӽ֮ΪΪ䡣
ĵѾ֧
ˣʶ޲TֶκѾɱĳɶˡ
ֻһ
ɫƽ죬˲סܵ·ߣ˺޲TѸһǹâԪ͵
ˣ

ֻ߱ǹеԪѸٵĿʼήҡ
ףԼչˡ
ңңҲİ
䡱һֻʱ̣ǿס˶ܵ棬Աˡ
ԱϷӡ󷨲ϵıڡһƿˡ
޲TѵĿһĻ
ֻ֮ԪͱԴĴƮ䣬һ⽫Ҫȥ
޲TΪľıԴнѾڻʱõˣֻҪٵõ汾ԴǴоԲˡ
ʶԥ˲ٿħǱԴ
룡޲Tĺ޸һˣɱ˱˲㣬ǱԴ޲T̫ˡ
ܿĻᶼܣʶ˲ʩչ̫ͼס塣

һ
ֻ޲T汾Դħˡ
ֻ汾ԴڣһСȴǻһ⣬̫ͼѸٵʧˡ
޲Tŭغ
޲Tŭ滹ŭأʶ˶˵һ֡
ò˵޲Tǿģ˵ġ
̫ͼֱף޲T߱ǹƿķ˵ǻԪɵ档
²޲Tֿܵһ
ӡƿ֮޲TˣԼɱеϢȥˣԼǲ뿪˵ᱻ󣬺᲻ԥټңһԼս
пܷʶ޲Tŭŭֻѵһ棬˺ѸٵĶߡ
˽սʱ򣬾ڷӡƿĸָӦʱ
˭ûע⣬ںĶųƶ֮׵ĻƶУֻһڱչ
ɺϵǣڱ麣նȥңֻԼնȥңʧڱ
̹ųʱһЩ칦¶Σд˺͸£һѵõĸºơ
ʱ
ֻĲд汾Դ⸣֮ˣͲȫıԴȻݱܣ˸Դĸš
ǲдıԴƶڱչصĺƽˡ
ң汾ԴУҴĻ֮бħߣֻʣ֮֮Դ
úϡ
ף콵ԴȻȱԴҺƹȻ֮Ҳ
չеĺ˲侪Ѻ󣬾ϲˡ
û뵽콵Ե֮Դʮֵ˷ˡ
˷ܵʱȴֺϡ
һԴԼĸԵ
ң֮˵һƻΣȻңգңң˻֮ң֮涨ܲ͵̡
ԭֻǸԴ񣬵ûǿĸš
ĸԴ˶ĳȴûĵ
Ļ֮ǴңҲ
һȫ˺ƵУԴˣк͵ҲˣˣֲֻиԴʣȴ޶еȱڡ
˷ˣ
ذ㣬л֮ԴңѸˣǽĿ칦£ٳһѸٵĽϡ
Ƶù𣿲Ӧ˵ʱõ֮Դңˣ

һֺ޲TȻһƣʧд汾Դˣ
Ҫ֪˭֪ضɱ㡣
޲Tŭţ͵棬Ѹٵʧˡ
ֻʣĵĿ޲TһҪΪѱ
޲TŰɣϺɱ㣬עͺʧܡ
ߣһ£ԼûæԼѣµĿʼˣǳһˡ
ҲãֻҪҵ֮ᶨӻ㡣
ⲻ֪
޲Tˣ޲TûɱСΪƳѻΪħ
ͬˣҲûȵѱԴҲȥˡ
޲TڲģԣźƵ䣬עǱӻˡ
˵ˡ
ңԶڤȻ֣ԼĪĺһǣ˾޴
ûΪԼնңϾ޴ˣ
֪˭Ȼֹ
ѵǱնȥңǣǳȫǺأ
ˣ



333 Ԫ
̽һɽ󣬷ûһ˴źҡҡͷˡ
汻ɱϢ˲䴫˺ġ
öûȴˣλȴܣú𾪡
˵֪޲T֮󣬺ܶɻˣ޲T
ỹڳѵҪԾ𣬵ʱͺľս˭
һܺɻ
ìս˵ǸϢȴ˶кôԽԽá
ƿ컯ɵ컯ˣȻ̽鵽һѸٵĸ̫̫չص̫֪΢΢һ㶣
ѵ֮ǰ̽Եʣò޲TҴ˰ɣ˵޲Tбļƻ̫ʵ
޲Tɱ棬̫һʱҲݲоƺ򵥡
Ȼ
ʱ䣬һϢ޲Tִɱ棿
⳹׵úˣ
ͬʱ޲TҲһԾԽ̫˴ɱ֣̫ɱĶܶҪˡ
֮쿪ʼ˺޲TǴɱ˵ߵ棬ǰõ棬ε棬ȴܣѾλˡ
̫ɱĲżȻ˲֪ʱħҲ̫
޲TδɱܵľٶڴĻˣҲԥĿʼƫ˺Ϊ˷ʡ
ۣɱк޲T˺Ѹٵʧˡ
޲TϳõбԴ汾Դ޲Tڵһο϶Լܼɹɱޱǿ
ֻźǣбԴȫˣ谭֮֮Դ
һ֮Դ۾Ҫ취ˡ
ʱš
˽Ԫ
̫չص̫
䡱һ
ֻ̫֮Ϊ˻Ԫĵز֮ǰԪ߲ľ磬ʱҲ˻Ԫ˲㡣
̫Ϊ˻Ԫ㣬˻Ԫ˲㡣
ټĺһ̫ѾӲû֮ǰʱˡ
εĽ֮ǰĻ۵£ʱ󷨵оʱĸͼء
֮ʱͻƵ˾磬벻֮ǰһ٣͵õʱ
⣬Ȼ򵥵ĻһˣҲ̫ͬǳ;һδѪ̫˻ʱһĻ֮ĥ
⣬ԱԴǧħĸ򣬼϶ԱԴĲҲҪľ;
ʵΪ˵Ψѣ̫ղغͻۣٳν
Ԫ㣬˻Ԫɰ˲㣬Ȼʵ仯ܴ󡣡̫һԼΪо⡣
Ҳܿó׻ԪɺʵҪ̫ѣ̫ˡ
̫ȻۣˣҲֻǴﵽ˻Ԫ˲ľѣԪɵھŲ㻹˵㣬Ԫ޽ɸǲһ󾳽硣
ٹԪ˵ʮˣʱ֮ӦܴﵽԪɵھŲ㡣ʱʵҲھŲ㣬ͿȫԸĸԪ޽ɵľˣֻҪ絽ˣͿɲԪ޽һˡ
̫̾
ʱ䲻ȱ٣ԤƣԼΪȫԪŲʱҲһĩڡ
ʱĺ޲TƺҲľΪ
һնʬһǻΪħĺܿ졣
ҪԼǰ׻Ԫǲܵģͺñնʬնʬ׺ʬѡ
ú˵һĩʬȫնȥģʬʥȴǵʮٳڵ飬˵Ǻʬͻһ١
̫аһĩԪŲ㣬ʮһĩɾͻԪ޽ɡ
ߣ𲻽ҪȺȳʥҪüҲҪɾͻԪޣԲһƺ
̫¾ģҪΪĵһԪ޸֣Ҳǵħ֮νġʥˡ
̫֪кüЩˣаħ½ѹȻࡣ
˭֪᲻ðǿԼҪĿüҪЩС
ȻӽӴʱü̫֣»ҲǿףԼܶԸġ
ǿüʱҲ˵ˡ

Ϊ;ͻƣ̫һʱ¿ˣ֮ǰĴ߷󷨣̫ãԼһʱˣߡ
֮ǰʶ׼ͽص󷨣һһ˿ζ̫ãϼһ׼֮ء
ѾʮˣҲ֪ɽͥɹûУԼȥҲ˵ԼܳΪһ߽ͥĴڣҪкñأ
ͥǳӡָ򵥡
˵ҲҪȥѪֻڤҲĲ˰ɣ֮ǰʱļ˵ֻֻ˵ֻǼһĵڶѾˡ
̫˼ˣȥһ
ɽͥѪڤ粻˵ԼҲҪȥǵԪôˣӦûɡ
컯ǰʱ˵һǧԪᣬܻصϺ
ʱ컯Ѿˣصܱ֮ˣųߵ·ˣֻʣ´Ϻˡ
һú컯ͻصϺԼԽˡ
ҴٽҪˣϺҲҪˣԼòͲ֣۲徻ɡ
ںģ˵Լܼһѣ̫Ҳá
ȻˣǱָʯǲ޽˵˺Ϳˡţ˳һ̫ĴС񡣡
̫оˡ
չһԪᣬӣʯ˵ȣҲҪ״ڵػľˡ
̫ǼԺվ֮ǳػܻƷ̫ͺˡ
ֻҪػƷ컨²ʮƷҲپƷĲΣ˵ʱ򣬾а˳ɰգǵʮƷˡ
һԪ޽ɿԿһ£õ޾º󣬻ܽ׻Ԫ޽ɵĵز
뵽ˣ̫ۿһ¼λӣҲڱչؾޡ
ֻǣǻҲ˶ˣ֮Ѵ޽ɺˣҪͻƴ޽ڵػΪ̫ˡ
ѾѹƲסĵزȻۿɼһ㡣
ȥҲûˣ̫ǽ״޽ڡ

˹ɣѾء
ڱչصˣȻ̫ĴˣֱչغܾõʦˣѸٵʵȥ
һᡭ
һʵ̫ĵ˵ͷʯ˿ʼӡľˡˡӡӡ
Ǹյ𣬾͸汾ûʦͽ֮ʦͽ֮ʵҲǿŶı仯ˣҲҪػȷ˵һˣʮʼɣܴĶˣǵŬҲջˣȥɣȥ׼ɡ
̫ĳ˵˼䡣
޻˵ʱ̣Ҫ˵̫أĲҲ۵㹻ʣµֻˮˡ
˹ĸ̫˰ݾߵʦ˵ûøʦˣԼ˸û۵Ҳˡ
ʣµľͿԼ˵컯ˡ



334 컯ݣ
ʮ󡭡
λӣʼͻƴ޽ɵػľ硣
̫ԤϳˣλӹȻģȫǵػƷ̫о⡣
λһ⣬ػƷ˵һ컨ҲǾƷĲΣ˫ƷһԪ޵Ļᡣ
˵Ʒ֮Ļۣʱ򣬶ܻʮƷûʮɵİգҲа˳ɡ
ҡǲ֪֮
ףԼȸţĪ˵ʮƷһȸߣ޽ɶһ
ԼˣΪʦĴڣȻһԪ޽ɣܿ޿ܵĻʮƷ
ȫʦ࣬Լޱȵˡ
λ̫׽ͳ̫ڵ̫磬ĺҲԼ컯
ңλҲ̫˺ܶ࣬ǻֻ顣
޾Ĺ¶κҲǹ¶Һȵǣһ·Ҳ顣
Ȼ̫Ǿ˵һĸԴģʶ˿̵ĳɾ˵ͨ

̫ĵ˵ͷˣڱԤ֮ڣԼŬҲֲٽȥȹ̾ΪɣȥٰɣֻҪȹ˾дջ̫鲻٣Լúÿǰɡ
˵̫꣬һ˸ʧˡ
λӣǹĸ̫˰ݾߵߵлʦ࣬ߵлʦĶ͡
ǵ˷ȫУʦ˵ģȹΪȻʦ˵ջǾͰʦ˵ȥɡ
̫鲻һֻ֪Ҫص̫磬ƿأʣأ
ʶѸٵ뿪ˡ
̫
صʵ˾ߡ
źĵĶʮƷ̫һֵϻ߰ɣҪȥһˡ

ǶʮƷľչ꣬ʥıСƺ˷̫ܵԪС
һ٣̫Ҫˡ

ȴһĻ컯оһĻ
ٿ컯ɵ컯ˣڴ֮ĽѸٵıİ嶢ˡ
һƯɵ棬巢ֺܲϲ
˺Ѹٵϱ²ǰصԼĶӣţͰǰԼ¾
ʶ컯ⲻϲ鷳ļһյ顣

£ǾƯɵ󷨵棬ڼƷ챦󷨣һԼƯ򵥣Ѿ˺ܾˣûжµԤƣʮԪɵͻƯϺȥʱͲǿԿӵˡ
ֻһԵļһĶţ˵
زɣ֮࣬Ҳ࣬ôѾ˺ܶࡰӡ
͵ľӣǶ˵ˣֻҪܽϵģͻȻں
ԣʱ壬˴ĵһ壬Լ˽䷱ܵ⣬ʣѪĺʤ
û̽һ£ֹһ𣿡ţʵ
µص£ҵȿ³⣬ʶûҳԡ
ǵȻ̽һ¾ˣҵȿ£Ͳظǰˡ˵
ƣţͰµ

һĻ컯ɵڵ컯˺ͷʹ
ܲˣ뾪κΣ
κɵɵ֮һƿƯʱ
ԣ֮˷ˡ
Ҫˡ컯
Ҫֹɵ󷨵ʱ򣬺Ȼһȴ
ס֣컯Ⱥιʹ֮ɵ

ֻɵĴѸٵĳ˱仯һӰ컯ģ
컯֮Ӱɣһ䣬ɢĹ
һĻ
ȻֵһĻȻˣɵôȻһ컯ˡ
岻֪ʱ򡭡

ƣֻۣһ;צ֣ıģ
ԭ컯ѣʧʧãţһһԽˡ
컯֮ǲԵġ
ĺȻ컯ܲϲ
ǵѵĳƺ֮ǰǿմսʱƺû뵽ˣҲúͺüǰ㣬峤ƺˡ
Һ컯ƢãҪ̫һӡĹȥˣҽбѣ˵㡣
컯ˣϲ˵֪ľˣ£Ǳˡ
컯Ҳ군ļһƺܿɱͽκΰ

ļã
컯һȰ裬ⲻ컯һ㶣Ķˣ
峤Ǹ컯ǵķǲð
Ŷ컯΢Цк£
ǺǣһЦ˲УȻ컯һݣȴǰдһѯ컯լʺ񣬸ʽһ䣬ıزɱ𣿡
ף컯һ㶣û뵽ʵΪŵҪԼһء
Ȼʵʲô˼컯ǰʱţǴ˿̣
Ȼ׼ҲóǺιʻҪѯʱأ컯
ȻֻǲĶѣо˲۶ѡ
ֵ̹ѪΪĵϵȺܲףԵҵҪ³Ϊҵȡ
Ļν󵨣׽֮ˣҲײɱˡ
Ϊֻ֮һԱҪʶд˽ѡȲҲУҲУʵöѣ·ҪԼжϡ컯˵
˵꣬Ĭˡ
˺һŵǰУֻˣ˵δˣȻʣ̣չǾͺҰɡ
֪ĺ컯û뵽ңԭ켣е·
֪̽䣬˴ҲᱸͶˣͳΡ
Ȼ֪ιʻҪʯ١
߹̹Ÿ֮ԣ̽Ҳܶ˸߹󣬺˹־͹һҵ峤ɣºʹūۣ᲻չзһ죬Ϊ˽踺
컯˾̾У컯¸ǡ
˵꣬뿪ˡ

컯һ˼̾Ϣ
ǰۣгʱ̣ʱ𣿡컯ˡ
½ʧأģûȥġ
ۣǷµѹɽһҲһѹĴܳ
˵ǶûֻҪǲܻгһ죬¼ٵ̣һʱ裿
ǲںģǿеʼյĽ
̫ǰļҲһ㣬˭֪ʱĺĻչʲôʱأ
ң̫мƻǿģҪ磿
һǻᱻļƻУĳ
컯һݣ
ľѲɣδᷢչɣܣԷĴܣһʱһǺ۴Ծ𣿡
һͲԤˣⰡǷϱֲֿ´Ը˵ϲ־棬Ϊ׳󣬳ʢ˥±ӡĶˡ
컯ˡ
ƺǣֻʱȥչкһ졣



335 ѳ
뿪̫̫ڿռУʶɨϺһϺ֮˺
̫֣ٽн˳ɵϺҪ٣̫һ
û뵽Ϻƽ֮أ٣֮ѹȻǱѰ
̫Ϻĳ۵֮Ȼݳǵˡ
̫һ󣬵ȷһȻô٣
̫뿪Ϻɽȥ
һ·ϣ̫ʶᣬƺһַβܵᣬ֮ѹ顣
̫̽һ֣ԭᣬҪԵʣºбһϮ֮ǰ޲Tµа֮ǾĳǼɱ¾ƻ
̫
̫Ȼһ̫аޣȻħһѴҪԼ֡
һĻҲ̫ˣ̫ͷ֮󣬷ŭһ˸а޻ûôˣͱһ޿ȥ
үôˣ񲻶ʵ
֪̫һЦ
⣿ǣСĵĵ˵ͷ
ã㿴ԭ˵̫ץŸ߳ȥֻŲǿգһֱ㣬ں̥Ĥĵط
ֵطǻԪɲɵ˵Ѿǻ֮ˣ̫Ļ֣޺ڵ񶼼ֲȥ
ˣ
ֻ̫һ֡ȵԣ

ֻ̫ʩչ컯֮һ˿˿Īĺɫ˿ߣһʼ޵ӡ
ĺɫ˿ߣ۳һԴͷֵֽᡣ
컯һ㡣
𣿡̫ʵ
ֻɵˣ֣ÿһ˿ߵԴͷһ飬ǵˣҳһŵ߷ֲ
һ֣һ۾Ҫ״̬
ϣүôôľ˵أѵƿصߣ
ߣǼ򵥵СֶѣƿصĸѲҲǴӱССĳַûУ֮Ѿ۸ˣ⣬ٸһ䣬ֵֻ˵ѡ
ˡ
룺ֲýѴ忪ʼʲô֮ǰΪ˺͵̣Ѿɱ٣Ҵ˺尵еĶԿԼҲ޾
һĺɫ˿ߣÿһһߣηֵ壬ҲԷˣΪ˷ֵ壬ֻڷӵ飬Լȥ
󻹻ţʾȹˣĹˣǾ͸ˣû߸ãܼḺ
νԭ
񻹷֣ԽǷӵģԽǳƺ˺ܶĸǵԳأ֮ǰ͵ϮаһѾǵķˡ
ʲô򣿡̫ʵ
̫Ǽ񿴿ԼҲ־̫ˣʶһ£ʲôʱ١
ѾԶˣ֮ѾҪˣӵˡ
ŵԼĸֿһԵү֣ߣа޺̰壬ʣĶǾ粻ߣ֮缸ΪƽʶܸհԶĴԼ򿴲ԶƿǵǶࡣȹ̣Ϊ飬򾳽ȹ̣ΪǵҲ٣ܸõ֪ԼԼࣻܵ˵粻Ϊδо޴ãҲо޴ã߾ȹ̵ģǵҲ٣˵Կء

Լ˵һ
̫ƵƵͷǾߵĺôδǰƺΪǣκǾ磬ʵǶѡ
˵̫꣬һˣ߰ɣٽҴ忪ʼڱԤУʱˣһ̳ɲ򵥣ҲƵģǺǡȥɽɡ
ү̫˵ƣƺһ㣬ûʡ
ڷɹŲչֳ壬̫ϣɽȥ


޲TһԪƵķĽûгɹ
֮ǰɱУõк֮Դ
Ҫ֮飬Ļۣһֱûл۳ɹ
޲Tʧ
һ֣Լ²ϵռ꣬Ȳ˵Ҳ
ưԣɢ޺СȺ˥˺ܶ࣬ʶɱɢ޺СȺҲ֮ȱ١
ʶ޲TһֻѪһſˡңݷ֣˥俪ʼˣǵѾ˥ˡľǶʼˡ
沼õֶοԿʼˡ޲Tֹ
ʼƿһħֻħУĺɫϸ֣߳ÿһϸʵǴţƿص߲㡣
޾Ϊչıƿ֮ˡ
ֻ޲TһڵħüķԪӣ޲TԪƿЩٿصӡ
޲TʼƿЩӵʱ
ڶϳֻܶһɲĺɫâЩ֮˾ͻָ

鳤ôˣֻλ峤ţǽаĳϣȻפһ㶣һĻһλϲѯʡ
Ǻǣ顱һЦûʲôֻ뵽һѣˡ
Ŷʲô飿ǳʵ
һЦҲûʲôǰʱǼСȺŮӣ
ԭ鳤ϺøǼŮӺǲֲ·ڻǳҲǡˡ˵嶼УĵѪ
ǰȷܲǰ곤ϣ֪Ů𣿡ʵ
ӦǺ壬壬Լȡֻź岻ǣ˷ȴȥϺźź곤еϧ˵
ٺ٣곤ʹˡթһЦ
Ŷô˵겻ʡ
ʵʵõŮӣǷ尡ǰ䣬ѵû˵𣿡յ˵
仰ȴѰһ
ĪҪ˵ĪҪ˵鷳ġ꺦ˡ
Ϊȷк֮ܶŮӣб°˹ĺܶŮӣһ°ȥ
ֻ˭ϣΪһˣ鷳ˣǴս
ŵãҾ˵˵ѣοԼۣ˭Ҳ֪Ц
Ǻǣ˵ͷ
š
곤ûԹ塭
оˣԼûԹ
ǰ飬ȻǰһһƻѸٵĳˡ
곤ϣʵšһ˽°ӷŮӵļƻ˰꣬ðĶ
棿꼤ʡ
ȻǷŮӣһλķ߲֮ŮǷ߲ѹŮӲƯҾҲû⣬ױǰ˺߲ܶ㣬á
һͺͼƻ󣬰˵˰ꡣ
˴㣬˽°Ƿ屻߲Ůڼ֣
Ȼ
겻֪ǣʱġ顱ѾǰˣǱ޲Tħƿصӡ
Ҳ޲TƶսĿʼ


336 ·
ڷ壡
һģˣźɫĹâ
޲TˣҲҪɣǰɼƻ
Ҳ޲Tƿصӣ˷һ̫Һڵĸ֡
޲Tħ򣬲ʩڶ໥ϵ
ԣȷ֮£ı͹ƣʼγˡ
һòķŮǰ
С̫ҵأû£ȥһ
ѽǻӡŰĪҶҺˣǼϵĵӺŮ˵ǶҪȥǷæ˵
ԭǰϵ˻ӡ˿ʼһγﻮ
尽Ůӣ԰˵һѹķ߲ŮʵһλȨ߸߲Ů
ӡȴϰļƻŷȣһ߲Ůˡ
ɱմС֮󣬷嶨ưոݣΪ˱ˣһͷ
ң⻹ֻǰͻӡļƻⲻ֪޲Tħϵ޲Tӣʼжˡ

ӡһз߲˺Ů뿪˷塣
ԶİͰ꣬ȴڽĵȴ
鳤Ϣ׼ȷô꽹ʵ
۰вмһЦ峤УĶ֣Ÿɡ
ĪĪסȻЦ㿴ǲˣ˵ĲɣǷ߲㱻ѹֻһ̫ŻҳϣŮͼӳˡ
ֻӡһзĵϵˣӡ̫ΪЩϵֻвɶѡ
Դ޳ڵİͰ˵ֱ̫ˡ
Ȼİ˲ˡ
ã˭ӡ̬˰ͷС
˷֮ˣˣҷ壬ǵ󵨡ӡŵʵ
壬°ǣǺ·尡ǡôĳˡ
ͬ΢ЦĿǼòķŮӡ
ʱ
ֻӡɫһ䣬иλСãĸ֣ΣˣȻԱСҲҪܳȥ
Ҳߣҡȴǿĵ
ңҡһСȻصĵֻüĿ㣬ķӣˣȻŻӡ˵ԼԱûܣԼǶҪ
ˡ
߰ɣˣԻӡ˵
ӡһЦƻɹˡ
ֻҪлȥŵľУ̰ķúʣذǼһԲƶǷܵļƻ
ʵҲǷСûʶ޸ֺ£Ҳ̫ΪĻӡİ˵ԼԱסһܣ
ڻӡ˵ԼԱҲҪסһˣġΪ޲TĸԸȥ
Ǳ޲Tƿص֮
Ȼ濴ȥܿЦȻӡԱˣǷ꣬Ҳڰġ⡱ˡ
Ȼ겻Ĵ⣬Ҳ޷ˣһ屻ĸ߲Ůѣ嵱ұ
һжڰļƻС
ۣڰջ£ļλŮӣʼյˡ
Ƿ̫ҵĺܣԱ
һƷλŮӺ󣬺ĵĿʼ
סˣֹס󣬾ͬʬһ겻ϲʼÿյġȰ桱͡š
еʱŷԼĸԸ
ǣ
ˣ
˽°ӷ壬ǲҹĴģϾʱͷ壬లµġ
ãڶϷıԵͰصһ̣졣
Ϊ˲еı˷֣˵չأ˺Ͱ¡
׷פأֻʶһ󷨣ŪǷŮӣ˳ƻ
죬һżв󣬰귢ֻȻӡ
а
屻ЩŮӣͰƽˣһ뱻ˡ
ʣµЩ˵أãķŮӶˣΨҵĻһʳĿꡣ
޺޵ĶԱֹĻ˵˻Ǵ˱ĺãֻҪңұ֤ٻǱĸѾܸ㰲ˣβ
¡
Ȼƻİˡ
ԼõˣƵ̫ɴˣƺһơ
һ룺ѵǷɱˡ
ʱȻһ޴צץԼܶˣ˲䱻צץסˡ
߻һֺõү󷨹ȻΪõģ󷨣һ淢һСӣһС񡣡



337 
̫
ڸɽ·ϣ̫һ·ļۣƵķС
̫ʶεǿһСӣڸ·˺Ȼһ󲨶
һ󷨣ܸˣΪ󷨣̫һۿ˶ߣ󷨣ʶû֣ƿ˵
յİ꣬Ȼץⰽ거޳ܵձˣûһ·ϼʶĶ֮¶ˣ˭ܵƷ塣
ʶץŰ̫ǰ
ɰѰŻˣԼ˲䱻ƣԼ˲䱻ץס˭
ΪΪ˿ֲ
㣬㣬˭塭ءҪ˵Լˣ˲䱻ˡ
죬ٸ㡣˰ġв
ף̫ǰ꣬һ㣬оȤȻ
̫֣ԭ޲TĲѾʼˣⰽһӣҿƲɳƺܵ˽ѵá
滹мСһҲ
ǣү
񹧾ȥλСѾͷˣȻԼܻˡ
ǣԼǿûκΪĵˣһ۾Լû˿Ҫֱе¡
ҸղץԼǵˣȻдү⣿Ȼ֪Ǻˡ
ǰ֮ˣᡭ
ˣˣ֪֮ˣѵ㣬˭˵Լ֮ˣѵܱ֤İȫ𣿡̫һ˰귴˵֮ˡ
̫˵ҾͲɵ֪֮ˡ
һᡭ
Ѽ֮˴ˣһŭĿǰһۣǼĥĲķС
үһ
֪ˡ̫΢΢һ̾漴һֽ⿪ǻķӡ
ŭĻӡ⿪һ˲䣬ʱˣҪɱ㡣
ȫˣ̫ڴˣԼˣԼļѱĥǰ㣬ţȣȻɲа֮
ֻһ֣ǻ˲䱻סˡ
ӷŭ߳Լձ˾ˡ
лǰ֮лǰ˷֮ˣļһ°ӡ
һί˵Թ޺įԣ˵İеľս
ܷҲԼĶסˣֻҪԼһ˿Իľ档
̫ƽĿһУѾһĿȻˣȰͻ֪Ķࡣ
ⶼ޲TļıսԶˡ
񣬸̫ϴĸˣѾʼˣŭĿŰ꣬һԲϾʹɱ˼
ǿ֮ˣֵͬ鰡̫뵽
оʮֵȤԼֻǱɽһǶѣиı巢
ȻɱԼˣ˵˶ˣҲ۸塣
ˣо߰ɡ̫˵һ䡣
⻰˵꣬оȻûзѱǵ˷Ԫ񣬽˲һڰ
̫ҡҡͷ߿ˡ
ЩС߰ɣñҺү·ǣ´ξûôˡɱεĿһǼѾĥûǵС
˵ǣʵȵֻǻʣѾˡ
˺ܶǣǰٰĥʬһѾȤ
úװɣڻУʬķСֱӱһâɨʧһ˿ڡ
һ
ûκεĸı䣬Ѿʧˡ
̫ʼ˼·̫ѪĲᣬѾľˡ
ĳһ·̫ˣģ˵һҲʶ۸о
ƻСŪɱɢޣѵͲˣ

ǽӻطķ꣬ڰѴȥ
Ǹ߲Ů£Ȼ˲ˡ
ʲôǺȻɵ°ˡ
ⲻܣҪ岻𣿡
ɱ壬Ƕֻһ߲һ֣ԼŮѾˡ
ܿ죬һݡ
ŭˣΨǻû䣬ûһңҲһŭ
ԼŮܻûﻹеܣ뵽ԼŮ
УҪȥ峤峤һҪĸ˵
˵꣬ļλ߲㶼ۣһͬȥˡ
ǣ
û뵽ǣǸտʼѣһʱڣ屻ְɱ͵Ϯ̫ˡ
ﶼѹסˣ׽ѿʼˡ
޴̽ڹһۼûУ̽һȺˣһ̽ˡ
˥ֻ̼䣬ȻȻʧĵ
Ȼڲ֪䣬ıӻ˵ۣѾɢȥһࡣ
ﲻˣĵԹˣһδĽˡԼȺܵùģڽѿʼʱ˿ʼ˥ˡ
ټˣһЩ˺󣬷˷򣬹ֲ֣Լ˵ŭΪ˿޽͵Ϯ壬ɱ壬͵Ϯ壬ɱȡ
峤һ˵ԭٿʼˡ
ǲ̫ʲô٣ֻ峤˵֮ǰʱҪΣգӦ֮ˡ
һӦ֮ޣˣǡ
Ҳ˵ˣһϴͿ飬ԼȺЦǾͽΪĵİ
ȻҲ˵ˣӲ˭ˣ׼ҪĽѰɡ

Ƿ壬һ㷳ա
˱尵ɱͷҪߵϵС
˺ŭƺйһľӰ졣
ԣܶΪ˱Ϊ˷йԼŭȫʩչϡ
Ҳ֮ìԽԽеƿز˵ĸоˡ
һݺͬһԭԭ㡣
ˣӦ֮Ӳģìܲϣ޾Թ
ˣҲټˣľ
ףСκһ嶼ǿԼ
ôΪ˷ֹսǰԼֻˡ
岻У̫ǿ˷ԼҲù
ôֻϷˣֻҪϷֿ壬һܱ֤ԼȺһ
ֻҪͷֿ壬壬ôʧɵ壬һûκεһ˿ᡣ
ʶѸĸ﷢ϵĴš
ùľˡ
кܶˣ尵͵ϮɱȺǱսҵĹ
ƺìͷ׼ԼȺ
ң˿ʼ˥ܣʼӣȻ׷ʲô
Ϊڴ£ʼвһˡ


338 
ֻټӦλ档
ڽ٣ͽ巢չ˾
磬ȥѹ۰ɣԿͷ彻ɡȰ
ǶףȺ֮ˣģȻڱĴġ
˲ܣͬһԴǵĴ磬ôҲһֱȺչ׳
ͻѾŵ˱֮أѹۣغɽ
Ϊľ½ѵҲΪһλŵҲ˥ܵĹ

ĪҪ˵ˣôƲܰ׷ˣĵѹǵĺۺͺľͿɣʣµĽˡǷģҲôģ˵᲻ҲѹӡѡֻҪǻڣͲ˭ѹȺҳһ죬Ƿİɡ
֪Լɡ
˵Լ峤˵о޴ƽã˵һֱԼеԼȥ٣Ըġ
ֻҪܺĵ£ԼӦѹҲ޷
˵һ£ͷɣȻҲ֪ԵκȻǲ򵥣ǵ֮ǰ޲TǴβϳٵ⣬б˵ãǲ֪˭ʵ
꣬ӦĬˣҲ֣ѯܾû˿Ԥס
᲻ǻ޲Tˣʵ
̫ܰɣֶ֪ˣѲһҪҵˣΪأһԪǰɱк죬ѾڴﲻúˣѵȡİѺȺҪˣӦ˵
ϸţûκεͷǽҪ԰ʶ˵˵Щˣ˵˵ôԸɣǿֻҪ岻ɵҵȾһսǾǵĶ֡
˵ǣҲоضϣǽҪͷ湲ͬˡ
ǰҲΪѵĵط
磬£Χضɣںǲ£ǵ£ҿǵսڶУǿܻԶƻ
磬²裬ȻѾ㵽ˣ뻹ҪȵأΪǴֲ͵ϮǣʧأҲɱڶִƻ
ƻС磬ǻҪСǰﶥܣҲҪ׼ǵ˼
һʱ䡭
ֵܿʼۡ
գȳ֣׼ãԼΪǿ
һ׼׼Ҳľ档
ֻҪɵó϶Կעˡ
ʶʹ£

ֵʱԤϵľ淢ˡ
һļϣܿϵΪһ˭Ķֻ֣ϡ
Ψϲֿܵ壬˵֪Ļǵķֿ˭Ķֻ֣屻壬Ϊʤߣֻϣʵѹ壬ֻҪǺɱ壬ʱͿɣ˵ʱѹҲ׼ĵ̣Ǹӵ׳󡭡
һȰ˵ʵá
Ҳϵ뷨ӹϲϣΪǿⲻǵһϣöˡ
ԶԱ˴˻еΣưԺѾˣȹĿǰ顣
˵ĹͬԿ壬˺Ϸ͵ǽܵġ
ˣһļϣ˿ٵƶһϵеļƻ
Ȼ
ǵԤϣ˷ֿûãڲϵʱѾʼжˡ
Ӧֱ죬ɱ˷ϷǺɨ˷ĺܶ͵̣廹ûӦѾʧˡ
ͬӦϮӪ룬ʧУѸٵռһ̡
һĿʵˣѾսĵ̣ٿʱסˡ
֪Ϣŭˡ
˲䣬˸ۿҪһˡ
屬սˣȺǶյĵʼΪսˡ
ȻףԼڻңȥУ֮ǰ͵Ϯˡ
Ӧ֮ˣȻ̽һУ׷̾Ϣֹ
һʱңɱ⣬ԹĶ
չˣֲýĲȣΪԽԭϵѾڽˣǶȹѲɽ˽ѡ
һϵ̾Ϣ



339 Ȱ
һƬѹֵĺģĺȻʱҰ
жǴ̼˺飬帽壬һܶˡ
ǱΪٻҪһʱ䣬ڳԤ֮䣬жˡ
˿ǵǿ󣬶˴жɹҲǵõ˺ܶĺô˵ģ֮ǰĻ̻̣Ϊ˴εĳɹͺǰ
ɽ
ӱչ˹һ㣬Ѿˡ
졢أһͯӡ
һᡭ
ү
ˡ
ٽ٣Ҫһ˺رջɽ󣬶ɽͿɣչ˺õ⣬Ƿȥɡ
˵ꡭ
ǣүزʲô٣үӣҲҶʣѸٵȥҵ˷衣
ǰһ㶡
㣬үǰȥص
֪ʲô𣿡һ㶣ϲģһαк
ү˵ٽҪҲ֪ӦΪɣȥɣĪҪүõȡ
˵ͷһ¶ԭҪˣ˵Ҫû
Ȼ뵽ԼĸסĸףԼˡ
ѾܾûĸˣԼֻǺƺ˺ö鰡
뵽ʼ˶ĹذԼҪȥһҪȥ

ǰӯӯһݣߵ˺档
ɣһˣ滹ǵһټ㣬֪ΪΣʡ
棬ٽٻΪٽϾҲˡ
ˣԭ򡣡
źҡҡͷ
ûڴ˵Ĵ㣬֮㣬̫ѵ̫ѿûֹ󣬺Ȼˣ֮Ϊ޽֪ԭ򣿡
еɸֵʣ
ʵķĻţ
ԼҲǣԼܽģûнֲԼ
֮Ϊ棬̫֮컯ѕԣ㱾ôڴˡ֮ǰʼʱ򣬲컯ѣϵüѣܿ㣬Ϊı˲٣Ȼ幫֮ݣվ㣬Ҳվ㣬ϵ⣬ϵʸؽʱûܿ㣻֮Ѿɱˣϵ֮ȤȻ˶ԵȤ֪ұˣΨѣΨѣΨ󼺶ѡ
һϯѷ𺳵ߵ
֪ôˣԼһУԭ˿еġ
ͿˣԭԼΪܣڱͲˡ
ԭ̫𣬺桢üĴڣһֱڿԼԼ֮ǰıǸоУԼ󣬱޲Tס֮һжˡ
úˣҲĻˣŲͶŵõ
ⲻ֪ԼŬлԵҲԼġ
ԼΪ;磬ȷ˵ģһֱûб仯֮ǰԼˡ
ˣǴڱˣǴԼԼʧȥ޵ģԼʧ޵ĸԼߴ˷
棬󼺡Լһֱˣ̫ˡ
棬ҡҡһαǳˡ
һֱΪġء͡ܡԭ˿УԼӲתĵĻ֣һֱһп޵Ӷѡ
Ҳ԰ü̫ǺεȴڣԼǣ⣬ֱЦ
֪ʵ
ءˣҴˣҴĺףһֱû߶Թ
ίķ̲סˣʼ滨Ŀ
컯ѕԣ֮˲ƿأ֮ˣߴˣҺûѽ٣Ǽɽǻط壿ʵ
һݣĵ棬˵Ĳۣڷ壬վǷ壬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ط壬ٲɱ⣬Ҳ뾡Լ΢֮Ϊ屣һԪҲΪһЩҪΪıһЩԪ
Ļشúʮֵ⡣
ֻҪΪףϵ֤ᱣһ
棬⣿費ԼΪҪ
й¶ֻҪ֪ٲɱ⣬˴ٸĵһ٣ǵ᲻ɲֵģѹᣬǵĽѻ֮ʱҵȲſɳ֣ˣֻܿƽһˣΪıһԪ
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ҲԴıԴҲҲ˺ıԴֻҪԴͻС
ˣԭǺĵĻЩЩԴȣǺĵ顣
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ԭܿصһֱǺģһЩ顣
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ɣ
ҡҡͷ͵͵һЦЦǣԼݵ˶̫Ȱ棬Ҫ֣˿̵̫ѣӦúưɡ
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ѸٵĸﴫﾡĽԼȥ
ҲҪڴˣʼ֮ĺֿ޲Tˡ
֮ǰ޲Tɱж򵥣ԼҪʱȥһ̫ѣϣָ̫ܸʾ

ڸɽ̫Ȼ˵ơ
ִˣֺˣҪ֣Ѵ˴ٵ̫һ¡
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̫Ȼ֪˭ף֮ǰôûʾԭõˡ
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340 ӿ
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СȺʼ׵˳ʷ̨սĶԿɢ޼롣
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һʱ䣬ɱֻۣҪɱڷйе˽
ٽ٣ĳ޾Թû׵˳Ϊˡ

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Ƕ֮ǰɢϺӵĴ֮࣬еĸǱ
˿ѽ٣ǸоĻˣҲ׶༪٣ִ١
ʶڷõѰѣһ̸֮Ȼ̤;ǻͿ˵컯ˡ

ѣһϵעһ⣬ȹӴ޾ȲϵΨһĲµģǼͽϺеӻٴҲ޷ǼλӣǲΪϵиһʶѿϵϣϵλӾͽˡ
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ףΪΣǬˣôǴܣǾûأƽ
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342 𾪵ġ
ĵܹȻ˵ûĴսѾʼˣȻСΧĴսóضѪɺӣ˳ʷ̨
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ˣֻҪĵ˵ǰ㣬ҵĻᡣ

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ǺǣȤļСһеѵָͷ֣˵ǳ򡣡̫Ц
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С㲻̽Ѱ˭ɾǿĸźͱԴ𣿾λѡģշ֮ϵ֮壬̾Ը񣬹ʶ㲼ԵҲ㱾ԴŵԴ
СɺףΪСıԴλǣġ
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˵Ҳ̫ѵԭ򣬱ǰȥ˳ɵȴ̫ѣ˺̫һл˱֪кѸٵˣѺǣ˵Ҳ̫ѵԵʡ
½ѹ˵꣬һֱ޷Ⱑ
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̫ҰףҲ֪ܻûǵʱ̰ɣˣμǣʵѶȣĪҪΪǰưԡ
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343 ڵ
뿪̫һ·ۣɽ˶ȥ
Ųʱ̫ͣ˽Ų֮ǰͺɽŲĲͬһζҪúõĿ
һ̫һֹȻͬ
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ǴΪʱ̫ˣ𵽰ʱԪɵ̫ѾžŲˣ޷˺ܶѡ
̫жܹһȦ˵ȵطˣûá
һĴûѶ̫ʹ˾Ų
ʵ̫ΪԼǶɽһջģκΣһһݷ֡
k󣬱Ӳᣬƺ鱦ǺͱԵźˣñӦˡ֮ǿջģǸ
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⼸˵̫鱦ԵˣӲʹɱ˵õǱٿԵˡ
ˣ̫ҲûԵˣȫԸɽ˶ȥ
ڲú̫ɽ֮
Χȳ֮ϸ˵ûж˵ģʱմһĿռ䴩Խ
Ҳ˵ʱպ̹ŵļӺĵ̥Ĥﶥźġ
̫û˵Ŀģڱһ羰̫ʼ߶ʱ֮ȫѰͥڡ
ͥǳӡʮ㣬Ũǳ֮ǳ֮ŨǳԼ֮Դֲ
⣬ͥڣһɽһͨ콨ľӡ
ͨ콨ľɵ֮һɵʱɵûгȻֻһǾɽ
ͥĴں̫ƣͥҪ˺ܶ࣬˵ͬĲΣΪʮ졣
ɽӵţľӵģݴ֮ͥڲ
Щ̫Զ̫ҪѰҵģɽڶѡ
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ʶ̫Ҳûԥ˵ƣ鱦ûõͥҲûҵ̫ںȥԪǣԼͽôˡ
̫ȥѪģΪͥԵʣ̫֣ԼҲȻͥҲǾ˵ҲҲ
οԼ鱦ˣ鱦ˣ
ԣȻǾȥԪӰɡ

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෽󣬴ӦҪ֮ܶɷԶԶĳλǵٶȡ
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ﵽ̫Բﵽ֮ûмĥðյǷɳ̹ŵ׽١
ڵķ֣Լ۲ܶȹ׽٣Ҫʱ
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ĪҪ˭ҪҵС׽ٵĽѵһҪסĪҪżûʮɵİղɶɽ١
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ʶȻ仰ų˭ҳԼҲĿҲԭ
ο֪Ϊֻ̫ڵĵǣȫҲﲻԼġ
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ֵҵ̹ŸѪΪ˺ĸԸͲ׽¡οȲأֻ񣬼ȻҪҵǾͲһɣ᲻ûлᣬİǡ
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Ѿı۾һ̡

ǺȻ䣬ˣ
ֻһ޴̨Ϸ׽ٵȫǰɫֿ̨סˡ
һĻĺȻ֣Ѳֱӵʮһ׶ɵˡ
Ȼֵİǰ棬ǰĺƴ׽پȻȫˣѾĿһĻȻ䲻֪ʲôˣ
˭鲻Խһ䡣


344 һĴڣ
ֻ̫ʱж׽ٻǰ
һĻһţҲʣʮһĿɿڴ
ǲǺεȵĴڣ
ƺϸܲκεϢĪƺһϤĸоĸо
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㣬ǰʶңϢɢңǱ
̫һ֣һֻĻָ
лǰ֮˼ǣ̫ĺȻִǵ˼ά
û뵽ȻĴڣֱĪĴڡ
ʮһͬɵˣƽʱŵĹףڵȵȡ
ʼվãԼȲ߹ĴڣȻֵλǵĸоԼ߹ܶ౶

˭

һʮһף𺳵ĲԼ
׽ֻʣһˣ̫һۣһֻ֣̫𣬷գϴⲻĥҲо޴ĺô
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Ǳǿ׽٣ȻӦĳ̶ȣϵĥ塣
˵ǿǵĸ岢ûС顱ֻûѣȻС顱Ĵڡ
飬ҲǲԪ飬һ֣֮ǻľɽĴڡ
׽ٵĥĹؼҲĥǿȵĹؼ
ʶһС顱׽٣̫ĥһ
׽ٵĲۺĥڶȹ˻֮٣ֻӰĳ͡
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ǿŴߵˣǺȻ֪Ҫôˣ
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ôһǿ׵Ĵڣ˴Ҫôƺô죿
Ը̫ǿ󣬼Ͼֻ֮γɹѸٵı仯Ҳ任֮ģĶ̫ллǰ֮
ţ̫˵ͷԼĺöˡ
⣬Լ׵Уǳ׵ĳ˵ǰˡ
е㣬̫֪ã
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⣬ǰ˵ǣ³çˣҲܺڣҺǰȡô˵еûף˾Ȼƺ̹ŵѣ⡭
ʮһף岻ϣҲ֪ôڣ˴ӳ֣һֱڵ߸ǵ룿


345 ѵ
ǰƣ˶һ̫ĳƺţһαһο
ղ̫һ̹ŵѣǵĽûˣ͸һֵģô˵ҲҪ𾴵㡣
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˭Ҷ֪ףڡݱʬڤСĵ۽̫ŵ۽΢΢һЦ
Цĵ۽£ôЦأѵʲôҲ֪ģ
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ôףʲôǻûеǣǶԶĹȥ
Ҫ涼ĴڣԼʲôͷˡ
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̫һ䣬ѵ˵ĶԣҪǵԼѾˡ
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ȻǺ̫̹Žʱ򣬾û󱲵飬Ȼ̹žãԼĺܽһС
ԣ̫̹ųѹǸһҿԡ
֮ô絮ǣĵ֮ܵ࣬Ǳһʱ򣬾㵽һ㡣Դǰ͸ôͬΪ̹ŵѾѪȴΨ죬Ϊñģ
̫̾Ϣ
Ȼ̾ϢĲ̾ϢԼΥİ룺Һñ޾ѰĲȰ

̫ĻȴˣԭԼĳɾͣλĶͣԼ֮ǰȷúܶʧˡ
ͬʱԼһҪýʱ޾ʱ޾壬ҪƿغöȲſɡ
ʣʮһλҲ𺳣ԭ飬Լԭġ
Ȼǿ䣬Ҳ˼ǲϵĶ绯εģû뵽Щ˴磬ô㱻䡣


346 ң
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ν²ƣƲ˵ЩִҲӵġ

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аʿ˷ŭκγƵϾģǼ򵥵Ľɫ
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ʯ˴ڵػĲΣϣȫõ´޺ڵˡ
˾ݴػƷ컨Ʒһǰ;аޣǱʯ˶ϺǾˡ
֮ǰ޹ɱˣаҲʶ˺бҪСжԹìܣԵ޹ʵģרŴɱаޣΪǣ
ٺ󣬴ɱûͨɱ˼˵Ҫ֮һ
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ɱ˲մĻᣬһҪͲ֪ˣʶ˺ʮ֮˾١

ˣ
ʯûڵĽǲм궯͵ϮֶΣûҪ
ʲôˣ鷳ˡ
𣡡
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˵ֶΣ
ףң񣬾ȻǣȻһ㶣û뵽λˣ鷳ˣ



347 ̫Ŀ
λѣԩ޳𣬺ιѰϵ鷳
ɫء
Ȳ˵˵ݣλ޽ڵʵ͹ܵˣ
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ϵƵ˵š
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ת֮ӭźɢħȥ

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˵ԱԼûжã׼ɱ˵ʱǾѾ׼һˡ
ΪֶΡ
֪㻹һ֣
ǡֻԱˣһ˿лûʧſԱ
κΣľŹԱħľһ顣
Ȼѵˣ׵ľˡ
һɢȥ󡭡
˶һۣԲ˶˵ĨɱǼƻǺϡ
ҲǵһδɱȾν˸ͷ
˺󡭡
뿪ˡ
˱ɱңͷԽԽˣаħǵģ˴
ڶһЩħͷһʱĵΪʯǶаħĴɱһֱټ
ʱ仺š
ٵĲ룬ԽԽȥҲԽԽࡣ
̫̹ŵ뿪һ·ȥ
ǿԪӣٺĵħսҲҪС
ǰ̫һ󣬴ʱ뷨
ʱԽǿң㶼Ҫɵɵȥ٣ֻд޽ɳڵ˵ޱȵΣա
ңĴսؼɷԽԽŨʮϲ⡣
֮ǰΪΣѾºܶˣɷۣʱúʱ
ˣ̫ǲҪżȥȻɷΪ˵
Ҳ˸ĵѣ̫
̫ҲǹҪҪ̹Ԫʱ
̫һˣ˭֪潫ΣȻ˾ŲʮȻֻأʱٸҲڻõʱ̡
ԣ̫ûа̹ŵԪ˿̸󿴿˵
˺̫뿪̹ŵȥ
̫㣬ԪȵٵĽ˺ʼ
ǵٲú޲TͺҲʼɥĲ޲TӴƶ񤲻
̫Ϊ¶ȥƻ޲Tļƻ
ǲ֪
ƻ޲Tļƻȥǽ׼ͽͲǰĿˡһ᲻ϣӶ˱ˣúò
ңҪԼסƱغҲ棬òƾΪ޲Tŵºʤȴ˾޴
˲ԸĴ׼ͽǳ
˺Ȼһĺϵ
̫оԼǣܶ࣬ıĵĴƣǲ֪ʲ
̫Ҫǵġ
Ҳ㳤ԭ̽һ󣬿
ʶ̫ٷɵĶݣ񶼱ʩչʱյ֮ûʮ͵

Ϥ󷨣̫Ѹٴ
ս룬ӭ˼Ԫӡ
ʱѾӰˣʦ˼ĹؾͰݡ
̫Ŀ˿ԪӵΪ̫ԲĲΣܲﵽԼԤڡ
Լõʱ󷨣ʮʱ׷ƽһٶȡ
˵̫Ĺ򵥣ǿͬԪӵٶȡ
̫ʱԪѾ뻯βˣ̫һһԪᣬԪӶܻΡ
ɡ
̫һԪӣԪӲ֪ʦȻ֮ǰʦ˵֮ǰԪɵΪͽܡ
ʦҲ֪ΪΣʦ˸˵ġ
˴ǰһʱ䣬ٵԵʡ
̫ԪӽһԪӻȻ
ԭԭ򣬹ֲʦԼ
Ԫʦ˵ڴһʱе㼤ˣ˵Ժܳʱʦһˡ
ȻˣԼģôӴʦ
ʦԪժ˹ӵݸ̫Ϊ̫ģҲǵһν˲ι
̫֪ԼͻȻԪҲû׼Ȼ⡣
ˣŬͺãвĵطҲѯʱ𡣡̫˵
˵̫꣬һֻ֣Ԫӵׯ۶ʱ˾޴ı仯Ũ滨ʢţĲãȴȻԪĿ
ʦͽˣׯڣ̫ԪӵλϣԪӹһԡ
˴Եʣвԭ򣬹ʶǰ̽һ֮ׯۣͶҪ·ϡ
һԪĿɿڴû뵽ڷȾҵս
ʦȻϲʦԪУľη
ʦϲԪе㵣ġ
޷ǻֻۣǳʽĴڣչתѡʵ֪ģ㣬һϵеĸı䣬ҪֲʱûУֻܼȥºѡ
̫ĻԪĿɿڴ
ʵ̫˵ǶԵģǻֻۣǳʽתˡ
һϵеı仯£Ӧֻ飬˿û̫Ľ
ʵúȫԱĲµġ
̫ȫתûҪ顣

̫Ҳһʱ䲻֪ôãϾǣĺ޲TԼ˺ͽĺϵ
ı䣬Ĳֺƣ˵ֻܲܳǸ⣿
˿㣬ǲ̫롣̫Ҳû취ֻܿ¼ԭ켣ǰȥ
Ҳգ治Уע㣬˱תеˣֻҪܾ֮󡣶һϵеı仯Ͳܸıˡ̫˵
̫ĻԪӲԣܴûʡ
̫Ƶҡҡͷֵȷǣ̫ˣ仯Ҳ̫޴˵


348 ɡħ
̫Ԫׯ۵ڼ䡣
ĵ̻ڼĶԾǽԪӭյĴ󱬷
ڴڼ䣬̫˵ûпȻﵽ˻ԪŲ㣬ͬΪҲˣΪһﵽ˻ԪŲ㡣
֮ǰľѾԪɰ˲㣬̫ѸٵİΪҲһͿȫĵȥԪ޽ɵľ硣
Ϊ׻Ԫ޽׼
ңΪ˻Ԫ޽ɣҲΪӦԵħ֮⡣
أʱĺѾնȥʬˣ޲TӦҲ˻ԪɺˣĻ֣˻ǲΪӦλ˵һȫѹб޻ĺá
̫չؽ󣬳˼뵽
һԪᣬǺѪʱ䣬ԪսʱĺѾʧһ롣
̫һݷ֣ʱ۷ʱ̣ʱѾɱۣԹɱǵʶú֮ܶ飬Ѿʧȥǻۡ
Ѿûˣνġ塿һƺ壬ʱǿʵ⣬һƺѾΪ˹ȥʽ
ĸı䵼£ʧûеƵĴ壬һ֮ǰ飬ľ֮顢ɽ֮顢ޡݵȵȣͳΪ
һƺħ˵֮鶼ԳƺΪ
ħһƺ̫ȴܵˣĲѾĵߡ
ٻΣڽʣ²ĻĹʱĴڣиǻΨһǵõӰΪһ㶼̫Բ֮ϣȫǴʿҲԼĳƺͳΪ񡱣
ڰٻΣҲǰһٵ飬ʱʣߣȲϵٵġ񡱣Ҳ塢ɽľ֮ȣһǶһ޶񣬻ǽŸǿԳΪɡ
ԣ´ʱսϣȻԪУ˺ܶı䡣
ɣ
ӴҲǴʱȺ壬ʧͳơ
ǿ󣬵١
һƺңڣҪ٣Ѿѵ顣
ʶȺ嶼ͳƣҲϵļµı仯
֮ڣǽ֮Ϊ桱еûжٿ־塣
ɣı䣬ǽ˳ӦҲֻ
Ȼ֮⻹һڣɡϲĴڣǾ޲TΪġħ
̵һˣҲȺϲĴڣǵǿǲɷϵġ
⣬ȻսϣĴȺ壬ĵֲ
ɣҪֲͶ
ħֲ
ﶼУϷͱԼĺȡ
￴ĳȻԼħΪƤëף̨ǵǿ󣬴ӷֲͿó൱Ӵ൱Ǳ
ħ֮ڣȻΪǿ󣬶ֶ࣬ǡǡһУǵĥҲ࣬Ѿȹ񣬶ĳΪɡˡ
ħҪһ⡣
дݣ˴ٺ͵ħٽ󣬽ħʧʱ
壿
˿óѾǿ֮ĩ˵ɡħǵĵӣټѾݣ
óһģҲ˥ʧ
֮ܶ
ʱĺȻɱϣѪ𲢴棬Ȼ£˺ľ档
֮𣬱֮˥䡣
ͬȻ̫ûг֣һҲڰڽС
ܾ֮ǰ컯˻صϺ컯ɵȥġ
ң컯ЩҲ£˾ǻԪ߲㣬ΪԪ⣬Ѿȫƿ컯ɵ
컯صϺʼ컯ɵң֮ϡ
컯ɵ֮ϣԶԶң
һһĻȴУٱ֪Ҳң֪
ķ컯Ūһɵɵ֮Ȼ̫磬ңϲ
ң컯ңָ̫ʾʼǰɽȻ˴δսᲨɽ̫б޻컯ǰȥ
ͬʱ
Ϻ֮Ϻ˺ܶ࣬ʿһȥѾС
ʱգϺѾʧ˴ǰһ飬⻹սûпʼ⻹ǵħ֮ûпʼ
컯̫Ϣ̫Լݺ֡
ȵħ֮Ϻʧųɵ飬Ļһص֣ϡʱ
ʱʽƿغģһٺ󣬼ٽѿóһʱᱻأһʱҪʼ
̫һֱĵĺ壬һʧأҺõʱǰСȹ٣Ѿ޽Բ侳粻úҲᲽĲΡ
ú˷ܣʧ䡣
һֱԣȾˣʱҲʧĳ顣
̫Ԥƣħ󣬺Ϻһʮȥš
ȻҲ⣿
̫˴Ʋ棬ҲļƻӼѡ
̫չذٸԪǿ龹ȻԹϮ³ĵǿ飬ҲҪˡ
һʱеţѸٵϵ̫̫һݺ֡
Ǵ٣ĵһϴ
Ȼ֮к֮ǰ޺ȵ
ǿ鲻ٶˡ
̫ɣΪ̫һ͵ۿ·
̶̲һԪᣬսϰߺƽǿʧأѾʧ߳ɡ
̫Ԥƣȵħ֮ǿմʱǾỻһ顣
Ȼ岻ǲ޷ǱԴعǳ˺ѡ
ʱޱȵɺϣ̫Ԥƣȵʮ٣ʱȥǾ
ʮ٣ǵۿͶ̫һͳͥʱ
ɺϣò˵ɰ
̫αǿ飬û룬һپ֮ǰļƻɿˡ
ҲҺã̫ʱ뷨֮ǰһˡ
֮ǰֻ̫ǵΪ˱ӻ飿
̰ѵȣһϵз̫ˡ
ֻҪ̰ٱضһδ٣ٶ˵١
ԣ̫Ժĵػˣ֮ǰ飬ʱǺġ
ֻҪıԴͺã飿
ǲ̰û̫Լ
Ȼͻ٣һ١
ʶ̫ˣȥˣֻҪԼصı˾Ϳɣ飬ܲˡ
ң̫ѾĴˣºʧ̫ȻУ᳹ʧġ
ǿʧеɺˡŸԼĵ¸ס
һƺûҪˣѾʧô࣬󻹻࣬Ļи׸ޱӣ
ʶʮֵʧ䣬Ѿܾòˣǿɡ
ͲҰ֮ˣڸûǸ˼ˡ
Ҳкô
淢֣ԼǿԼȻ˾ųɣ̫Ļ
̫˵ԼԼҲް
汾Ϊ̫οԼģڣֹȻˡ
ֻҪԼǿıӻԼǿ󣬹ǿ֮ĸǳΪṩˡ
ΪȥǾܶ࣬汾ΪǿתʧЧû뵽ƿˡ
ƺС


349 
壡
ףľսɱ𣿡
赣ǵʵ
չˣβ֣ܸıҲ΢΢
Ψƣ壬ЩɱͶԺĵƻ
սǵɱһ򵥡
˵ͬʱ˵ƻһⶼǼˣԴһս֡
ףսԶԼǰ飬ѪɺӣʬɽѪݴʣܸġ
磺һҲ赲һֶΡ
磺ɱɷŹɱҲǼʧһ֡
֮ԶǴɱܸġ
ΪǷôǵ໥ɱ¾ǲģи಻ѶΪ֮Ϊ
Բɱ˺ĵıԴǷ޾ԭ
зĸ棬ѾٱʹһЩֶˣκλ塣
Ҳɵ֪ܲƻĵĺ
ǲѶΪ֮Ϊǣȫں˿̵ľ棬ܲ⡣
ľٶȺʧأԷźܴѹڽеġ

ɱˣյıҪʼˡ˵
˵꣬ŮһĵǣȴοҲҪģѾ˶෽׼Ȼⲻѹɽܵı壬˵ˣֻҪڣҵ취ģΪ㡣
˵꣬簮Ŀŷ衣
ǣǻǱⲻĸҪԪѹɽί˵
Ѿˣ뻹ԻţֻҪžϣοĸױܵܣʱܻܵҪչˡ
ףŮչ˺õܵܵġͷ
ǣԼܵܣʼ˱Ĵڣź͸ԴעָԴ֮鶨ע⡣
Լܵһ˽һ˿ȸҺͷо޴
Լ׼ҪŸɰ
λʥ˰ѾˣʥȲʵʵ뷨
ʶ͸оԼش
˵ҪǧټƵƹ£µ
ԼŲص
ʵʼ˱⣬Ƿ費С͸¶ġ
ǲ֪ģһη費С˵ģ׷ʱֻðԵ˵˺档
˵ǺģŴɻ󡣷ͨһЩ˿Ѱİ취

ףսжã
꣬ɱˣʱսʱ򡣡
ǣף֮ǰ˺ͻأĳˣû˭µ𣿡Դ˹ڻ
޲Tģκû֤ݡ
Ҫ𣿡Ц
⣿һ㶣Ϊ˵
ΪΨһĵĵط֮뷨վоޣҲĿ꿴̫ˡ
ŮԸꣿ
ͷ˵˵֮ǰľɱǶԵġ̫ˣʵΪܿ壬ȣΪβ𣿡
˵ˣŷʵǲԹΪĿǳֻעڣδ
ûûС룬
㶼ĵѵΪΪ֪ѵΪҲ֪ʵ
ʵķһ㶣
ǰԼдԽƣľûɵӣȫǻ֣ǵ̺ǻۣǲɵӡ
ǿˣΪλ㲻ܲ˵أ
費ˣ׵˵
΢Ц̹ѪԼĵѵǲ˰ìѵǶ𣿡
ҡͷǵģǶ֪֪ս
ǣһ٣
ϵȻ֪ҪⰡⲻΥעĽֶѣ˭԰Ҳһ⣿˵𣿡
ǣǡˡ
ֵ֪ʲôǲ˵Ȼ֪ΪβϷһαشֳ㣿
ţ˵ͷ
ߣȲ˵ϷҲĻǻο̹ѪȻҪսǾɣǵkģ־ǵkԤģ
Ҫǵ
ãҵȾɱһ·ʧˣ±ٿأΪ־ˣ򣡵ĺڣ֮δ棿
Ϊ겻ôӦ׵ΪΣ
ģ׼߹ȥû··Ƶȥ֣ᷢԭ̤
ĴڣϴҵȣǵkĲ֣˵㡣
ǵĽǸĵӣǵѪ͵Ҳοûкô𣿡

סеĵŮˣ
ˣǻԤϵһˣǲĳ׵ıٿء
趨˿ʼͽ֣ҲҪеĹ̡
һĽ֣
ĽҲ̹ѪĽ
֮ǰһԸҵ峤ᱸ裬ҲԸٿء
ǣΪΣ׻ŮĽ飿ʵ
Цˣ˵
һһ룬ǿȻУԼСʧΪβأ˵֮ǰĽܺá
עĽѰõĽⲻǿ
οѾŬ˲ˣջ񰡣
ϣᡢȥôȻעͨԼŬԲˡ
˵Ҫл֮ǰѰǱѹӡˣұôԼıԴԴϣ
ô
Դϵ˶ȥˣΪҡܻ
Ϊʲôǽ޴ӶǷ޴ծΪǻծֻܺǱԴϴӶĳ
˵޴ܺԴΪĸã˺ܶɱ¾ΪԼǷĲ࣬ܺԴϰ
˵ǿưˣҲʤˣеԵ𣿡

ĻЩһ
Լʲô
ԭ׵Ҳǵ壿
ң˵ĺܶԣڸ׺ˣǿ󣬵ǲġ
󣬺ԴϺ󣬵ȷˣ˵ûɣ޵·˵Ǿ޴Ľ
ͽʥ˼бԴʵġ
Ϳˣ
֮ǰֻ뵽⣬̺˶ٵƣǲ֪ġ
˿˵˳÷ˣԭԼС͸¶ı⣬Ȼôܡֲø֮ǰûжԼ˵Լ֪Ĺ࣬Ӱļƻ
˿̵ҪԼ͵ʱŶԼ˵

ŮԼĻˣ
ӵǣҵҵݷ֣ȷûǻ۳ʽĴڡԣǰ㹻֮£ǿġ趨˿ʼͽ֣kҲԤϣ󣿡
⣿ˣʣǣ˵ܵģҲԤ⵽ȫ𣿡
ǵġȫҪٵģԤ֪һУ˵ֲ𣿺οܲһУûǡ顢һ֮˱ҵ޵޵ƿ㯣㯲ڵ壬ǿ飬ĥѡ׷ġ桯棬ǡıԴǡıԴǡıԴһеԴ

˵˺ܶ࣬٣Ҫˡ
֮Ϊ׼ľսԼ֪ģŮǹඥһŮ۽硣
˵ģ̫ܵģ̫ҲһУΪƿصľ棬ֲ
κΣźǣֻǹ򰡣kֻᰴչ£ֲ̫˵ͨ
Ȼ˵̫ͨ£Ǳʾǻۺ˼ǾͲˡ
̫˵ֱȥ磬Ӵ˲ģΪǻۺͻжϵΪһˡ
ǲµġ

ںģǻ۵һĲΣ۽絽һĲλ֣ᷢкܴ©ģӡ
׼ͽʮ˺Ըʥôģ
׼ͽΪĴôģ
ϵôģ
롢±ѹӴ˲ôģ
ⶼ˽£ǻ۵ļһģ
Ȼ
Ҳɻ󣬼ȻˣǺԼ˵Щ˵ĺܿԼǵģ
ˣħ֮ΪԼʤưΪԼĽǰ֡
׺ķһ亹˭ŰУĺÿ£
ôûԲкɵأ˰
Է˵˭ɿΨһǿŵֻ̫
λһֱŷ衣

ܶڵֻЦһϷԣǾĿϷˣˣòûǸơˣΪھսǰƴһƤ˵֮⣬Ϊ۲췢֣ǾˣΨˣǸЦƵˡ


350 ֮١
˲ţӵϿҴ̫΢΢һЦڽչ˷̫ÿɷ
˵ɣǷı֡
ׯۣۿԪӵıԴԽԽᣬѾҪεʱˡ
ôֲָ̫ġ
죡
սˣҪǰȥۿһȱͻζɣ˺󹮹һ£ʱħ֮ҲͿʼˣʱǰȥհһܵķɡ
̫˵꣬Ԫӵͷ뿪ˡ
̫
̫źȥľս֮ؾں롣
ͬʱʼϵ½ѹĺȣ컯Ѿɽˡ
Щ½ѹĺ൱æµΪ̫޷֣ʶȺԪ飬һֱ
˵ľٶںĴܺܲ⣬£κ˶ûӦ̫˵̫ġ
Ȼ̫ˣܲսЩû̫Ӱ
򣬰̫ƢػĵƢῴźıƻ
ǣò˵սĴսĺ½ѹȣȻƻܴ
´ʱĺһƷ
ø·̫ˡ
˶֪ȻʽĴڣ㱻ƻ󻹻飬Ϊѹƺ飬Ϊkǵıˡ
̫ף֮ѹƣһΪ̰ȡ޶ȡ
һǣˣƣ˺޲Tơ
ºΪ˲ƣŪ˺飬ֶΡ
ԣ
뵽ˣ̫Ȼһ㶣Ǻϵǻۣ鶼Ǻơ
˵ϵ⿴ģһԲ©ƿغģûǻ۵ƿغöˡҲǿһ㣬Ӷġ
뵽ˣ̫Ƶҡҡͷ
ȻҲ˵ȫˣ֮٣
Ƿ񣬻νεȣ㲻٣ֻ˵һС¼
µģϴ󣬼ϺȱʧԳָˣʶûˡ
ķʽ̫ϲѡ
ܣҲǺŪˣͬµľ棿˵˵𻹻ͺɶľ棿
̫ľãɽϣͺ飬ԼΪ֮ⲻǴкǻ档
ٺֻˣˡ
ǰ飬ϴȴڵıܰ
ףǺ鷳Ҳ³вնһеĿܣû˿Ժˣȫƿغˡ
̫ԽоԽòԣܺûԼоôã
˵Ϊħ޲TȻк֣Ϊ˺ĳֲصľ棬Щ
̫뵽һܡ
Ȼ
ϲڶֿܣ˵ԼûΪ˷޲Tǰġ
ҪǵһܣΪ˽Ի˺ģǣ̫ãͺϣ
ħ֮ˣʱپ٣ϣûñʧ
̫ü

̫뵽ħ뵽죬뵽ħޡ
Ӧ޲TԭһﻯΪħ󶼲ͣΪһƿУıԴ޲T˿ãǡòƻˡ桯ͳľ棬Ҵʼӷ̿ʼҲǷʧأأǺģ֮ǰɷ̻󣬵̽ĬΪأ˵ҲܰѺϵĺѹģǺ˳ˮۣȻҪ׳Ǿ׳ɣ˻޲TΪĵʱ򣬰ѷ̶ǰ桭ס

̫һݺ󣬾ð˾Ųʮ
ܵħ֮УԼ֪飬ƺΨһӮҡ
ͲúһҶ󣬶ң޲TǻۣΪ˿ʿĵħ
ħܿΣУ޲Tƿص߸
֮٣ֻǰأħķٰ޲Tƿصˣսٰ
̫һֱνķΡ
Ҳ٣˼̵ĵӶѣθ˵Сѣ
٣
ԭⶼǰǰأħ޴ħռ磬ٰ
ʱʥ˼档ǲ棬Ǳ޲T޲Tֶǣסˣһսأ
̫Լݵİ˾Ųʮˡ
εȣǺʲôԴµ˵٣
ʱ٣Ԫз񣬿ܾ޲TСˣһδϴжٱƵģ
ţûĻӦþˣ޲TȻеǶ
̫ЦˣԽԽˡ



351 ս⡢
Է
սսһɱȻһֱϵ룬и߲ȫ
壬ӦԼ棬޵Ŀ塣
ԪɱѪ𣬼ļǲݵľ档
֮ǰʵǰ㣿֮Ҳǲç֮һԼ㡣
ӪгֵĻ÷һ
ܶһֱӦսͻˣû뵽˿ҲˣȻǴԾ
ʵ˻Ҳռƻ᲻ģһΪĺء
κɽʱչһǲܵġ
ˣľսǰҲˡ

սɱȰ㻹־ܵĺá


ĻЦˣ˭ս˵ˣԭǶףûʵָǣʱľ治˭־ܾͿԽģ絶κκΣ
Ҳ֪˭սĻض޲Tû֤ݱѡ
ټսֻӣ屻ϴľ
Ǿ仰Уû취ֻܱǰ
֮˷֣ûе͵أҲûֹأǾֻսˡ
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ȴǱӦˡ
Ӧ˵ĲˣϻԪڵϵޱ죬ҲĶ֡
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ɵУֻ￪ʼұԪڿС
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ֻڱĻɽ˲䱻ںʼ˱ԴԪѹˣ

ƽ䣬˷廹µУֻǵʼɢ֮ѣʼұɽ󣬷ѽˣ򲻴һʧء
ףãȻ֣ԼԤƴˡ
ʼˣȻԴɽɾˣǲĴˡ
ʧˣѲָ̫㣿ô෽ƣΪԼһ˳Ǹһʣµ˶Ծ޲Tء
û뵽ʼ˺ﾹȻˣ±ѹˣܻгһ찡
ô죿켣ֺȻ뵽룬á
Ȼ
ϣΪ̹ѪƻģͿ̿ʬҰһƬǽ塭ѵ湶ϣԸԪͱԴԸۣ֮ɱĲ뿪

ϣΪ̹ѪƻģͿ̿ʬҰһƬǽ塭룬ѵ湶ϣԸԪͱԴԸأ֮ɱĲ뿪

عڴˣ峤
˥ˣֻҪܻгһ죬ǺüıǻǴ۽硣
ܵľ޲TˣⲻҪľ棬Ӧó׵ʧŶԣôˣ
޲TƵţδɵ֡
̫û֣Ϊ֪ºܲģʱҪģļƻͲʵˡ
ȻǬһۣ˲ס˷޲T
һﵽҪģԪԴ˺һ룬һĺ
ֻķʽͬƣӴΪ֮ޣ֮أŨѹа



352 ħ
һгأȥȻҪ޾һǳ
֮ĺģɽս˺ıԴ
Դȱ٣طĩվ
ˣԼıԴֲȱʧĺıԴúļƽѡ
ıԴָˣǳʱ
ȻԽԽ˥䣬ǼûгĻˣ˴̫ڣиı䡣
ʶ̫ЦеĿڳĴһۣǵĵħˡ
Լˣü½ѹĺҲһۣǷҲǵˡ
ȥ֮ǰγȺģѾõĳϣڳ׵ˡ
𲻲ˣĪҪԺƻأ򣿺ߣ
̫Ŀ޲Tһۣ޲Tܡ
̫ʧˡ
̫ȥ˿Һ̫ûվӳⷽ٣ҪģҪǱ̫ˣǶȫ군ˡ
ԣоԼ̫ѵĿǷӵˣҲ֪Լʱꡣ
Һ̫ǻţصĺܡ
Ҫһ飬Ƿծô࣬Ϊˣ飬Ķͨ
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ʶ޲T֮󣬼֮˱ߵĿ޲T
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˿ȴҪʹɱ֣ǵķŭ֪
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Ҫȥ޲Tɽ󣬵ͼбԴ챾Դź󣬱գųɾ˴˺ĴͿ
ڣҲͽɵĲΣֻеõԴĴк󣬲Żɾͽֵܡ
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۵ûյʢ壬չһĵ·
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峤ˣ޹ĻңΪеĿʼ˲ˡǳ˵
ף˵ĸѹΪУµɱ̫ˣ꣬һֱǣԣҲŵһӦ飬ֻд޲TضͳҵȲſǿƽסˣΪ˵Ĳȣϻҡ
峤ѵǳϲĵʡ
⻹֮ǰƵԭѣ塮顯̫ˣռĺƣƽ˵Ļǣģȫȣɽǣ޹ڿҵ˼𣿡
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˵ĺףֻеõ˾޴Ĺº󣬲Żƽȱʧˡ
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ţȥɣ
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ĸױ⣬Ҳ֪ܵģңݶѣѵҪȵħ֮Ժ𣿡迪ʼĸĽˡ
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353 Ĭĺ
塢һˡ
򱳸޴½һĪ˵ΪˣǶ͵Ĳȣ度ˡ
ȫڱ˥䣬Ѿܵˣʧ˾ųɣ룬Ҫô
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壡
⣬սΨʣӦȻѹ۵ʱһɣΪ֮һҪմܲմġ
ˣһѹӡһѹĺˡ
Ȼ֮ңԼ֪
ǺıԴȱʧĺɽ緢ƵЧ
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ⶼƵķΧ֮ڣǾƵģʶԴϣӶ
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ȻԱ˵ʧأϾ֪
Ҫϳĺ̫˵嶼ϳˡ
ӦΪˣį
⣬ĵսһǣѹֻۣʣԼˡ
ԼԼΪ棬ܵ˴ʱҲ
ӦԤеԼܻڽĵħ֮УкȻ
ƾҪġ
Ӧúǰսĵܻȴˡ
ԼҪˣһʱȺףǾ鷳ˡ
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ռһѣȥǹȥ
ңĺϿˣǾɡ
Ϻǰ̫ģֻңΧѡ

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īսиֵ㣬ʣˣģΪ볥
ʱģҪٵħѵģǱľ档
Ψϋ֣ĺնȥ̫ıӻϺʧĺ٣µ֡
ԣϣͿϋֵˡ

Ľѿ˵ˣĽҲ˵ոտʼ
ֻǣѹưѾ˻롣
ʱĺģص˵ǰ㣬ԫϱڣ̡
پĵħѣصʱǰ㡣
һԪᣬǺĺƽһԪᡣ
ܣںͺ̶֮󣬿ʼȴԪվս
δĴǣҲ׼ţٽ٣ζ
̹ŵ˷ˣ޾ɷ治֪ķʲôôôɷһĩζԶˡ
Ѫ޾ɱѪ룬Ѫ˺ܶ౶
˷ܵڤӷ֣һĩԼضܻΣʮİܶȹž١
ɽ壬ҲѾ׼˻κһαչء
̫ǵĵۿͶ̫һ
ڷɽķ˺Ů洣ǵĽȴƺڤڤеĻԵδǱĴһ
ڱ麣ڻƶĻơصĸ
Լ׼εԪӡ



354 ԪӻΣ
ׯ۵̫ʱҲ¡
̫֮ΪѾﵽ壬˻ԪɾŲĵز
ҪǻԪ޽ɵĲˣǵȾɲ˵Ͳġ
̫д㣬㻨һٵʱ䣬ҲǵʮһĩʱﵽԪ޽ɵĵز
ԣʱҪΪǲܵģӦ޲Tƻĵľٶȴ̫ˡ
̫Ԥƣ֧ǲɱˣֻ̫ܰϣڽԼĻϡ
ˣԪӶɽ٣̫Ҫע¡
׼õԪӣ̫Ȼ׼ˣǾͿʼɣ𲻻ģһпԼġ
ǣʦʦ֮ѾͽͽضʦΡԪӵ
̫֮ǻ֮Լȹſĥ
֮ǰʱ̫ҲɽˮʱΪϸĥѡ
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ԭȻε֮׵̫ӣһ̫õһͷԪռݡ
ԼĴͷ֣̫Ԫӵǰ;ʥ˲³ɾͻԪҪܶ࣬Ǳ޾ġ
˵ԪΨһŴƷΣռ˾ŴƷˣ֮£Ԫӵδ
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ټ˺͸Դĸ˵Ԫӻģֻˡ

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ڣ

һ׽ٽˡ
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ˣԪҲʵʦ˵ģûκεֶεֿ׽٣Ӳǿֿ
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̫Ԫӡ
Ԫͷ˵ʦǲǲͽϿȥ
û취ʦ˵ԪҲҷֻñֶΡ


ȿȣ
û˵ķһ׽ԪӾˡ
ֶͨδʱãʱΪĥ
̫ɸֵ˵
Ԫʵõ飬û˵ñֶΰʲôãӲ
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ǣʦ
ԪӸæ˵꣬ʼʩչ̫ڵֶεֿ
ȻöˣӲȹ˰ʮ١
ĥѣҲĿˡ
õֶζʩչɣһ׽ٺܲ򵥣˵סҪ̫֡
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̫һݷ֣ҲΪԼԵʣƷΥġ
Լ֣Լӵǰ£Ŷϵ޲Tͺˡ
ңǽ׽٣ǻԪɵĲΣô޳ڵԪӶɽ٣ǿˡ
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ҲҺԼһ߿š

һ׽٣ʮʱ䡣
׽ٽµʱĶˣԶǴǿףȻ̹ŵ
ûĴڣʶԪӵһ׽٣ĶӦˡ
ֻڴû̫⣬ģֻнĵħ֮
һδĴܣȴԵʣ໥Ӧˡ
ף˭ȻˣƣԾˡ
һҵǣʸ߹󣬸߹󣬻Ǹ߹󡭡Ȼ˱ҪΣ
磿ԭʼɫصӵ
޷޷˴һѣҵֵ˴ԪʹĴУˣп칦£ξˡ˵
ǴʱΣͨʵ
ԶˣΪĥһҪˣһĩʮɰնȹ׽٣ʱҲɱӻܡܻΡ̫ӵ
ҲǣǺһ籦Ȼǻ֮١ԭʼЦ

ףƾ˭ڤӣ
ߣƶҲ˺ġ
ףλѣΪҺѾԵˣû뵽бҸǿģĲСӡںңͻ֮ԴֲһУΪǿˣû뵽бǿġ

Ԫӣ
ֶ֮£ڼѵĶȹ˻֮١
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˵һѾˡ
ʦ
ԪӼĿ̫Ŀд˳ɾ֪˭ġ
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ǣ
ԪΪһεģȻӹ̫֮ǰһˡ
Ȼ̫ǰ˵ʱǰʮĴڻΣʱѸ档
ԪĩβĴܣȴѸģҲǰʮд˴ˡ


355 Ѹ
ԪӣջΣѸġ
¡¡
һصѸ棬Ķüܶ˼ˡ
ԪӣһԪӣȻҵȵһΡ
磬ԪǺˣݵĳ𣿡ɽ壬ԭʼƵĿʵ
ǺεȵĽȻ˱绯ΣϾˣһǵĴк
ΪҲ㲻ƺڣԪ̫˸ڹ̫Ӹ̾
ĵ൱컯ĲƬǶУĴ衣
ʶݣһó
κѸĵԪӣѾԼˣȻݲͽ˳Ծˡ
˻ԭʼͨһо˼飬֪ģû뵽綼ݲ
ˮڣ޷ǵһζѣֲֵκˡͨ˵
ǣֵ֣˭ǺΣԭʼ˵
ƣ

磬Ԫ˭ôȻһζҲǴ֮ͨˡɽŮ˵
ƣΪݲܲ򵥡˵
˵ãҲҪˣ㻹õ㣬Ѿ̫ԲΪֲ̫Һڵľ硣Ѿ˸ֻˣҲˡ
յãһοʼˡ
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ǰҲ֪ʦæʲôѾܾòˡü
ʦǰ˵дѽ٣Ҫӣؾԭɡ
ţ

ԪӣһԪӣߵûкô֮ñ˽ĸ࣬Ĳ򵥵ģǵ͵һµĺá
ֹѡ˵͵

ףһԪӣѸĹȻҪʶһ´ˡƶеĺ
Ȼ
Ҫ̫֪涢Լͽ˵һķ
ԼȥðɣҪͽ
ǿƣȷʺϺģлкƣ޲ûʴȵĵҲûг׵Ĵң

һͬĴܣԪӵĻγ𾪣ܵ˴̼ʼȫԸŬˡ
Ԫӳʱһݷݲ
úһ£Լ̫ڣֲ㸣Դԭ
ͬʱֿʼԼĽˣԪ󣬵ħ֮ʼ
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ʬȫնȥòΪʼˣҪʬһҪܴ˺͹¡
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޲T
Ľļɹˣڳɹˣ޾µļʵˡ
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źûбֶΣԼɽ󷨣ضҲ岻á
ʶΪԷһ޲Tʼˡ
˴˿ѾˣԼͺͳʵΪԲ
ȡ
˵Լǲ𣬵أҲ͸
һضǸӮһܵõĺô
ΪӮҲΪԷһ޲T˶෽Ĳ֣֮
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ºӮˣҲܡ
ԼӮˣǾͲһˡ
ң޲T߳ɵİԼӮ֪ü̫Ȳܲʱͷˡ
û̫޲Tʲκˡ


ͷϽڣǺ면Ь£˿䡣ͯòաƮ£ѻޱߡ
ǼԪӵò
һα仯һ㣬벻˵󣬸һò
ԵʣԪֻܼ̫ʶò̫ֻ࣬˶̫ĵϺ̬ʡ
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κԪ̫ǰ˰ݾߵĸ̫д
ɡ
̫ĵ˵ͷԪӻξʹ޳۷Ϊ侳Ǵ޽ڣԼһС
ڽΣúҪȥһٻĪҪˣĪҪ˵񣬵ɴɱߣ಻ʤļĥĺͱĴУмǣԪɣɶ͸¶£ԪɷǱ״ӡ
̫ȻԪһ֪
ȸ򲻿Լˡ
ҪĥѲųɣֻҪͿɡ
ǣʦ
̫һԪȥչˣջΣҪչȹΪ
̫Ҳչһ
Ȼ
ף



356 
̫Ȼ֣
޲Tʼжˣ̫뵽
δʤ԰ܣ޲TҲǲç֮кܴİգȻģԼˣʶȺ֡
̫Ƶʱ򣬺ȻǰȥչصԪӺȻˡ
ʦƿغԪӶ̫˵
ţô֪ģ
ʦӵĵб仯̽һ󣬷ƿӸоʦˡԪڨڨ˵
̫ϲüҡ
ôԼӵĵأ鴫˵Ǵ̥ĤƿغĵȻˡ
һ켣УԪӻûҲû׵飬ʶ޲Tļıʵˣ޲Tʯˡ
һβһˣѾζԪӾһǰ֣޲Tļƻƺתۣ
ܿƵƿ𣿡̫ʵ
ԪһʦΪǳܲٿص鳹׵ƿ֮һǿԵġӴΪϵ飬Ҳƿô࣬һǿӵΧġ

̫ЦˣҪۿˣû뵽ô
˵֮һˣʮ֮һҲǺ°ԼҪ찡
ôǹ»ףټϴ޲TıΪƺġ
Ԫ֮һΪ֮һˡ
ú󲹳ԪӶܵõ
ããܺá
̫ĿԪӣԼ޲ߣԼ
ԼԼĵӿ԰ʲô˵
㣿ȹһΪ˺ŬƿƿضǶ٣˺ʱ̾ͺãһõĹ½ᳬ󣬻úǷ飬Ȼ޲T㣬޷޲Tұӵ鷳ɡ
̫ЦˣһĪչû뵽ʱת
˺ָ̫£ԪǿȹΪ󣬿ʼʹõƿ
˴̥ĤʹأʶԪӰƿأ̫ڣ޲TҲ뷢֡
˼ǧԪԪӲΪƿ֮һ
Ȼ̫ûţƿضǶ٣֮ȵĶ࣬õĹҲࡣ
ԪܵõºҲܿģû뵽ԼջΣʦΪԼı˹¡
ʦ˵ܵõ顣
⣬ͨԵĲٿأԪӻ֣ƿصԽԽԼԵ˽ԽҲԽ̡
Ԫӱ֮˴֮֮Ϣˡ

ħͬڰƿе㵣ǣ֪Ҫ
׼ͽεʱҲԶˣ³ʲô⣬ʶʮֵĵǡ
ʱļƻʱѾķˣҲ֪ʱûôʱ䲻Լ˳⡣
Լӡţ˵֮ǰ̫·һ˼ά˱仯
֮ǰָʱֻصˣָƺֻ׼ͽˡ
ħңԼָˣ˸Ȳ˵Ŭ츳ҲԼָ㣬ɾһǿԵġ
ʶ˿̵ħ񣬸׼ͽˣҲ˵ԼѷӡΨһ취

ǰһԪʦֵܶ˻ΣҲ˵һĩ׼˵Ķ
˵ĸ˵һ㣬㲻϶
ΪλǰĴڣĲ˸ţѧʹνͬ졣
ţ˻۵ĲˣҲûˡͷ
ûаԼĹ˵ˣˡ
˵׼ͽĸţӵģ෴ȷˡ
Ҳд˵ģҪӡ
˱ϡƽ֮˳ɾͣȫƣ½ʥƶ
˵ģģֻˡ
˵ˣµģΨ˴ӲݸӲǳɾʥ˹λ
ԣ׼ͽӲӣʶ˵ƿغСıˣԭ
ʵ׼ͽˣʲôһ֣ʲô롣
˷УΪԸ񣬲˽ĳɾ֣ͣʺǡ
޳ҲãҲգô˵˳ɹˣɹ˴ˣҪĵõ˱ģǡ֤
˶ơ
Ȼ벻ħƺ֧֡

תۣԼĹַͬ޲Tۿ͵ˡ
죬̫ӵ˺Ĵһ
̫˼һᣬ˺ͺԼĵطʱĺԲתһԲӣ̫ףһӦʬȫնȥˡ
̫ѱк
Ǻǡ̫һЦһֱܺã㣬ƺˣһˣƽ֮ĸˡ
һжѣݵѵָ㣬ϵѾնȥʬΪҲﵽ˻ԪŲĵزֻҪʬǷͿ֤Ԫ޽ɣϵҲ档
Ҫϲˡ̫Ц
ЦĪҪȡЦϵϵףԴӵõ컯ʼѾɼˣڵһ̣޲TὫҪ˭ʤߣʤֺηϵݣҲһãȻʶָ㡣
Ļʵ̫Цծ಻ʱ𣿡
̾Ϣ
ʲôӮܴǰ£Ҳ޷Ӯ˲ܻ顣̫Ц
Ѽˣϵ䲻𰡣Ƿѵǻˡ
ֵѿ֪ƣ
̫˵ͷȻ֪ƣò˵ԼСˡ
֮ǰû⣬ֱ峤ԴϺ̫ŻȻеԾ
峤ǿű⣬ºԸӶǷºܶծӶԴ׼Ըһǳʥˡ
峤Ϊ˵ǲֻкˣֻҪкȿʹǲʥ˰
Դ̫ޱȵ޷˳ӵһǣԪѡ
ֻҪԼ͸˻Ԫ޽ɺ󣬶Ҫ֮ܽˡ𾳽粻Ӳǿʥ˶岻á
Ͼеʥ˿ɶûеģ˴޶ʱеΪֹǡ˺նʬĵʶҪܻԪɣ׼ʥˡ
ʥٵĲǵ
Ȼ̫ףʥôɣܾǲ׵˳жǵǱӶѧϰնʬ֣ȴо޴֢
ʶ
ƣ̫С壬Ҳ䲻ȫйء
Ȼ֪峤ȷϣӲǿԴˣ˵ҲףѣֻҪнݾġ̫ش


357 Ե
˵ͷ
ǰǶС壬ǳưԺĵ塣ϵ޲Tãõ컯ӶбԴǿƼбԴˣǶ岻ð
˵̫꣬ӵĿ˺һۡ
ôҪƤˣȵ㣿Ĵأ峤ֻʬбԴѡ
ȿȣ
εҡҡͷ̫ɶ˵ġ
žǴڼԴ̫Ӱİ취ѡ
ϾԴʹԴĲһǰ㡣
ϵ˵˵ѣ˵˵ѡε
Դǿ󣬵ʼƿ£ֻмд֮ǲң
ʱĴܣڵĽѣǳģֻҪˣֵ֮ˣǾ޾ˡ
ʹõķǴҲȫԴӻգֻҪʹúĵһУȻ޾
ͬʼƿ£ǿ󵫱Ͼɣ޲TҲڻˡ

˵İɣ㲻ֻʱưɣ̫ĺ
ȻǡѸٵˣ˵ϵָٵԭ֮ǰϵɻ޲T޷һͳѣι飬޲T֮󣬺Ļ򲻴һ
һ֮ǰͻɣô˴εôң˵ٽˣӦòˣΪֺĴĸо
֮ǰʹ̫ʱ䲻̫ûʱˣѯһ¡
̫ʱ֮ڣڱĵط
̫ӣصĽ̫̾Ϣ޲T󣬽һδϴĴأҲ˵֮ܶǰܻᱻһڣ˵ȴԲҲʧһιµĶƣ
˻һ˵Ĺ򻹻䣿
ȷ֮ǰ컯Ӧú˵ǽˣǶĶƣ̰Ѿֻôˡ
޷񲻽ķûУҲȻԼ͸˵ѵ𣿡ʡ
Ǻǣ̫ЦˣѵնʬǲȫҪҲնʬֻҪ鱦оͿɣ鱦һǵĲԪ鰡
⻰˵ָ꣬һ㣬ֹȻ㣬òˡ
˵ϵΪΪŰˣǱ⣿еĲ
̫ȴЦˣʵ˵ûкôɣ
ȻкôƿصûˣȻƿ顣Ҳʱýѣٶȥǡ
ʵǣĨɱѵ±Դʧ𣿡
ǣҪ˿ֻأҪɢĵطأĪɱֻȥˣ
⣿ˡ
ǲĵʣϵƺΪװǱ

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ǣ⣿ϵѰΪѵ
԰ĲǾ޲TǸܰĵƿˣҲ뿴
̫˵꣡
֣ڱԼǰ߶С
̫˵ĺܶԣԼҪ˺͹£ҲҪԼȥϵƿغģ޲TƿˣԼԸ
οϸ֣ᷢĸԽԽͣĪ˵ǵǱˣǲǶûĳɾˡ̫ϧ˵
˵һ룺ǰԼ˵ȷ޵ĿܣԼ֮ƺõĻǵĸҲжǱ
̫뿪ֵοǣԸ⿴ǰ㡢ǰ㣬Ļٻ𣿲˵ģмĽѣºĶ֧Ŀܣ԰ɣԼϧƻģkǲȾġ

̫һͺ󣬺İˡ
ȷһǸ⣬鲻ϧ
һศɣ֮ԸǳˣΪıƻˣֻҪĲƻĸҲ
ศɣҺìܵһ棬Լס飬ʵΪ˺ĺãҲΪ˺á
˼һ֣ԼɼȻ뵽̫Ȼ̫ףԸῴź˥ȥģ̫Ѷмƻ
Լղű׽ȥˣ˻̫
ʶЦѣ˥ܿҲϲɣĪҪŻϵϵţѶмƻ
̫Цˣ˵ͷû
֪ߣҲ
ֵ̫Ҳ֪תģʶоããת˺ģһľͲȱˣֻҪȻֲԴҲиõĻԡ
̫ЦеĿźԣһҪӮʤһ˾Ϳˣƹܺģȥת˲úķȥ׳䱾ԴҲ׳ϵҲԴ׳ջ࣬ʱ˵𶼿ȥԴ

̫һƻúͷ
Ҳϲ˥ܣҺ̫ϣǸб޻ˡ
ˡ
õҪ𰸵ĺˣ̫ʼټ飬޲Tһս



358 ս٣
޲TаħģսľսºѣʬɽѪԫϱڣ飬ǺڣȻΪŰϵ£ַ޲Tһص

һĵɡȣԼʱĵˣһսʱˡ
ȻণľԱһɱ֮ġ
λɣ
ս
𣡡
һʱ䣬鶯ˣƺƵȥ
ԱԽһսҪˡ
󲿶ӵʯˣһ˪Ǵ֮ǰپж
ǳɾˡң񡱵ͷΪ˴޽ڶ壬ǺĴﵽ˴޽Բ
ǻҪ˺ù£˵ͽ״޽ɺˡ
ʱһİգܴ컨ʮƷ
Ȼûнףʵڰ̫ľǽ˵ħ֮󣬵õºٽס
ʱа˳ɵİջʮƷ
˴սʦǰֻǸտʼʦ룬ʱǶܼʦ˵
ԪˣѾ뿪̫̫ˣ뿪Ϻ̫ˣԪջ̫ˣҲƣĸо
ħ֮󣬶᳤ʱ̫粻
ʦǾͺˣǺǰ죬ʼղʦʯ̾Ϣ
ʦҪЩǰд˷⣬ҲʦϲѡȻ˵ʦиҪ
Ӧˡ
벻⣬ֻòᣬľ֮ǰʱϺʧأ֪εħ֮ϺжԴ
˵ǾüĿ
ΪһʼٵĴڣȻʶٵĲпᣬٹ󣬺ʮȥţʧ˵е¡
ĵħѣش˴ι󽫻ס
ѵʦ˵ǰ㣬ħ֮󣬺һʵ
⣿
ʯǰɣʦʲôʱ˵
ֵǰңĪݵѣݵ˵Ϻĺ֮ǰֵĳڲˣҪָ֮ǰʢûһٵĻǲܵģ˵Զﲻȥ֪ϺĶˣֻ֪Ҳˡ
ʯ̾Ϣ
￴óʧжأϺǵȵط֪ĶˣͿóˡ

ڷӪУһо˷ǣһԪѣѾ֮ǰİģ
֮ǰߵǣ˾η˿־壿񣬷壬һԱѣַһԱѡ
峤ҵǱҪ٣а˳ΪҲҪ밡Ҫ⣬Եʼ氡
ӪУλȰŷ衣
豾ҪٵģˣѵΣշˡ
޷Ҫ峤Ҳ⣬ҲԭԼ
ĪҪ˵ˣԼĿǣһûµġ
кĳϱ˵棬ǲµģΣյˡ
ʢȻҪ룬˵£ûָҲġ
Ȼ峤ǾҪ峤Σ޷ˡ
һ̾Ϣ˺Ҳû˵

㣬Ҳ𣿡
ļãһϸﴫŤͷһϋ֡
ϋãôҲˣʵ
е棬˵ϋ֡ѡ壬ѾûˣôΣյս㲻ʲô
ΪʲôϋЦʵ
ʵķЦˣǰԼǲ˳㾡ܶȡ£ΪԼĸĸΪԼȺ
һ룬ϋֺβء
ǺǣüЦˣǵĿһ
ǰɼѡ
һһ˵ţϋֵǿĸš
˵ģʮа˾Ż䣬ΪõϋܲģοīѾˡ
ܹ鲻Բ뿴ֻصĳ֡
˿תһµĿʼ
˿̣ʧ˾ʧˣʮֵź
ʲô˼
迴ϋֵã˵ҪֻضãȥĿԽֻأɢһʱ仹ָܻǰļ䣬˵öã
⣿ϋˣڴʣ𣿡
ǺǣһЦеģֻû϶ѡ
ţϋصĵ˵ͷǰ

Ӫ
ӦĳĬźˣǾսɣµĿʼҲźˡ
Ѿˣһжźˣ޲Tսʧأɱ㣬Ҳ㿴ǿ󡣡
Ӧ뵽

ȻҲУꡢסҲˡ
ĵħ֮˭ɻرܣǵħҪѡ
λֳҪСģֻжȹһѣĽµĿʼ򲻿ɴ⣬һҪŻȥ
ĵܷģ޲T֪ͨǻᱣԼ˵ģʱ̣ҲĵطǶסˡ
˻ش䲻֪˵ĲĵطΪʲôϲ

ʽ飬Ĭء
ƺƵĴһǰȥ

޲TĴӪ
ʮħʹһһصĿ޲T
졢ħޣȥСģȻбħȻޱȵΣգ򲻿룬ڱ𽻴ĵطȴС
ǣħ棡
չ飬޲Tһʧʲôµȫʧˡ
ʮħʹԼ󻤷ȴһħľӢǰȥС
һźõĵطһ磬һħ֮磬һƺΪ硣
ﻹһԼһϵеֶΡ
޲TͰв˺ܶ࣬ԼСʧˣΪ˺˴ĴڣһĶû֮ء
ʶ޲T뵽˻磬û뵽ھĲԶһһħ֮ŨС硣
һú󣬸컯ͼбԴԵʣ޲TӲСͺˡ
󣬶ܺͺںһ
֣Ǻ֮ǰ̫ķҲѧ˷ֶΡ
ʱ޲TͿʼˣһأһԪĴڡ
Ҳ˵ԼˣһͨԪԴ岻ֱ˴ˣһȫõ
ʶ޲T޾һУʧֺηеĻᣬ޷Ǻʤһѡ
ȻҲ˵ûһʧԼ鱦ԼԴݵģ鱦һ鱦Աٻء
޲Tһ£ԼԴݵ鱦Ҳ˵Բ鱦ֻԼȣԼһµļƷ鱦
ҪԪ޽ɲſɼԲʶһԪıԴںϣ̫ǲһ
Ҳǣеá
ʶʧˣܻʧһЩ޲T۵ġ



359 
׼ˣ޲Tħߺʵ
ħ棬Ѿ׼ˣǰأҵѾ˴ССʮ󷨣Щ󷨵Ĵڶܽд֮µʿɥС
ܺã˵ĶᣬʤĹؼǶĴܣųеħȥսɣʤ˽ľħ¡޲T
ȱضӮʤʮħʹ
ʮħʹΪ飬ָһָ֮飺ϲŭǡ˼ָ֡ۡǡࡢ
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ֻҪǾͲ᳹׵ʧҲ޲Tǵԭ
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ʮλ֣ǿԲ󷨣󷨣޲TԼֻҪԸܾͿɣʣµȫԽǡ
Ȼ鲻֪ǣħʿʣѾħɱˡ

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ħĸħޣһצ
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˲˫ս֮أһƬԫϱڣѪɣϡ
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ȻֻΪԼ˵Լǵ
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ܣĽֵľˣ̫̹֮Լ·Ҳ̫ʱȷ˽ķ
ʧܡ
ңԼκڳԼҰ׵ĴڣһѪõ컯֣֮ԼһɿƵĵ·
Ҳ˵Ľʶ̫ѣһ·Լ̫ѵָͷ֡
źǣ˵Ĵսȴ̫̫ǿ󣬵֡
ʧصĺ飬ã̫ĵѳ֣ʧء
ԼҲ䣬䲻
Ӵɱ죬ٵɱֻأ˿̶Ծ޲Tܱȵǰߣÿһߵĺȷ
ɱͥɱֻضֻأ˿ֻҪʤ޲TԼ̫˵ģΨһӮҡ
ǰ̫˵ǰ㣬ԼϵΪˣԼĸֵõġ
ϾԼдԴģֻʬѣԼֵġ

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֪˼ʶֻ֮꣬ɢȥ˻ص죬ʶǳֵʱ̡
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˵ǣ治ǿ󣬾ȻȹˣƽĴڣΨһĺŮԴѽˣ涼е˼顣
ԭѽһ֮䣬֮ǰǣǿգо֧롣
û뵽ĻķͽѾȻҲûˣνܾǷºͿ
ĺ޶ĺĺټ֮ǰ̫һֱȺԪսʱ½ѹܵı˺ıԴ
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ŲĻ߱ǹǵײ֪̫͸¶֮ǰ޲TɱѡеѣԼռԹҲΪ˼һǼΪײеܼɹˡ
˵꣬ڴһ㶣ǵĵĪڲ񷡣
зƷ鱦¯ȲǬǬȲ̫ͼ
֮Ϊֻǿﵽ˻ԪɵĲ㣬ȻǬǿ࣬ǵġ
ܵǬֵ֮ӲãΣհµǬѱסԼС
˶ˣΪĶԾʼ˼ˡ
ˣλĪҪģ޲TֶΣϵҲֶΣ֮ɱ޲TǿеġοҪصʱ̫˵ƴűͷҲҪִɱ޲T
΢΢һЦ˵˵Ȼ˿е˷ܡ
̫û˵֣Ǻƭ˵ģΪԼ˴ֶΡ
Ͼ˵У̫ʼǲԽĴɽֻҪ̫ڣƺһ⽫⡣
ǺǣǾͺãֻҪ׼ͺã޲Tܴ֮ɱʱѵõͳҲɳ׵ңˡǬЦ
ƣֻҪҵʤˣǾ̫ѣüǰ㣬ңؼˣΪĶͳйµĽ
УΨһõµĴڣǸ̫ͺɱ죬Լ֮
Թ⣬ôݶΪ档
˵һӮʤģغҵȵͳغͳҲغ޾顭
޲TѲͬΪԴģ֪ʲôǲ𣬿ܲǬǲ̫װɣ
˵̫˵ĽĿ£оԼֻԱλѣԼܣҪҪԲλˡ


360 Ϳʼ
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˫սһԶü̫ϥһԵ񣬸˵˵ˮͯӵΡ
ԭüҵ̫һעⳡս˿ƵĶ룬ֻεĺŲ裬
һü̫ʶ൱
ԭ켣УԸĬϲ˽ĬĬΨļ¶棬ɵĵ˺
ʥֱ˺ģ̤ĵĻᶼûУֻڻпźļۡ
һβһˣ̫ţģ׬ȡ˺ܶ๦£û취
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ףȻʱˮʱ֮ȻǺöʱҲùȻƵѣƽ޹ʱѴɱˣõȺö
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ǵȻõ׷ɱĺôôˮôкܶء
̫ԺĽԼղأ
ȻĶô󣬲ģǴɱŪġ
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һ̸Կѵӣƺһ˵Сƶѡ
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ǣѾüұ̸ˣ±ƻļƻߣļƻùܣĿԣǹ򡣡
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Ŷô˵̫Ц
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ʱϵɸѡ˺ѣȻѵĳɾԽԽˣϵҪĽˣ
ңս󣬺ѳΪΨһӮңԲƿߣǺǡ
˵Ҫû֮ǰָ㣬ϵĪཻ
ǣµȺѵǶʱϵᱻϳģ԰ϵѵ۹⣬Ҳлѵָ㡭

ǺǣԵɺϰˣǵ۹á̫˰ֵ֡ѵĳɾ͵ȷĲףӴɱ죬˺ɱΪֻأٵ˿̺޲Tһƴģĵһ鵱д˳ɾ͡
̫ûۺһУ̫һĻĻ߹ġ
ʲôˣʲôã޻̸֮ȷߵĺ࣬Լһ·Цߵڡ
ΨļΣգҲʱѣѹ̫ϵĻҲͼСĥѶѡ
üͬ˵ͷҲϺ򵥡ֻеΪѵĵֻǣνѹ󣬿ΪĴҲҪˣҵȿ̸ܽĵѶˡ
ҲȻĪҪˣħк󣬻һЩܲŸջأ̹ŵѵԪ֣̹ŵѵľѪȣ̫˵
ףüһ㶣ȴѲб仯
ţǴ仯Բ˳ģ˴Դ֮𡣡̫صĵ
ǿȲɣüŵʡ
أԲΪʮһ룬ʣأ˵Ԫ޻Ҳ֮ܽ
⣿ü˵װ
ԭأüʡ
ԭ޷ǸõȷΣõƿغĶѡ
ⲻǿ𣿡üˡ
Ǻǣ֮µĿܣ֮ϵʥˣֺη
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˺һüСӰҪԪ޲ſɣʱҲɺвˣȥС
Ǻǣ̫ˡ̫Цˡ
ʥֺηʶѣһֱҵЦģǾãһЩ֮˵ʡ̫ȴг˷ܡ
ڴһˣѾкܶԿʥ˵ֶˡ
ܻΪԼıȡһʥ˹λ
ҡԲðԲСҲʼԲˣСԲǧǧСǧȣԼϣһ̽ء
Բ˳ƿأԼܺͺϣʼٺĺСˡ
˵ź׳Ļ㰡
ԣ̫ޱϲģڴˡ

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̫һ˵ü뿪ˣǰеԱȺѹǺõġ
ϵ̣ܽü̫
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ԤʾţֻҪ˽⣬ɢȥǳѽٵʱ
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źǣڴڼ䣬Ķˣľս
ӦΪĴ֮µĸ֣ʼͱħʹѪӦչûжѭ
սʼǧӦԱˣԱҲħʹʧλ
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ֱսǧ󣬺Ѿռ˾ԵƣǺɨʱ̡
ȻڵǧʱǰصĴȫƿˣĻ飬ƺƵɱ
ʼɨ
޲TһĻԹޣչµԼʧˡ¾ѣչҪǿħ
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ͲˣųɾŴʱȥ˾ųɣȻһĴʡ
һ˴Ѻ
ϵģص˵ʱǵ̵ľ档
εķ֣ȥĶǸ֣޸ּϴһ飬̫ʿ˴ʱĸ֡
ԽΪߵʧԼ
ƺҪЩ֣Ϊһʢ»

ֱ󣬺ɨһħӪϴ
죬ģ
Ҵ鷢֣һ֮ǰֵͽȫʧˡ
ˣ
֪˭һ૵
ľĿ飬еĺޣеĳĬ
Ƿи֡ǰʦȣּûˣֻʣΪߵġ
һֱ˲ñʤǣһӰ


361 ϲĽ֣
ʼˣ
̫һ߳ǿռ䣬ʼ֤ʱ̵١
̫ͬһٵĴܣ˾һһأħȷʼˡ

Ծƣ˵档⣬ᵱƽ̹̫ѭŶ㣬һ
ĳűˣԼĵ֮òͬˡ
̤ƣգòţŭƺڤڤжŲ桢桢Ǭλ
޲TսŭԹ߸ͳʵ񼫣עڴˣϵȰ־ܰɡ

ħƣ޲T̤кڹ䣬Ǵ͸ؾģֳ߱ǹ죬аȵЦݲмĿźˡ
ħ治޷һѣݵںԣ֮˻úܡߣ
޲TֵȻ֣Ǳħ沼һ󷨣˿ɸһԣǲǾͳȥ
˵꣬޲Tһȣʱʱյߵɱ֮֮ƶ
ֻİյľ޽ɢĪƣƺһĽâη
˱Ľеԡ

˵ֻ꣬󷢶ˣ䲻ƣòһ
һԹս̫΢΢ü
󷨣ʮϵе㼬ֵĸо
Ȼ󷢶󣬺һɫ
λѣѽ٣󷨲ҲҪ룬ǷңͿһսˡ
˵꣬һȣһɫ̨̫ۺ죬̹һӣ֮Ϯ

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˿̲ʱ򣬵󷨵üü󷨵
ѣ޲T򵥰ü̾
ֹ򵥣ʵѵõбԴ֮ǰûвĽδԲ˵ԼƵ᲻Բԭ޲Tк֡
̫ˣ޲Tĺ֣Ҳ֮ǰԼƵĺͺһֱȥıǮ
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޷һѾնʬҶǻԪڵĲΣĽ˲ƣһֶΣ޷ضӮʤڲˣ
̫΢΢̾ϢӦûڴˡ

üһ̫̾Ҳ鲻̫á
˵˶жԹԼѾŹˣֻȻûϴ
עҪ䰡
ıԴǳɾͷ˺Ů洵Ĵڣе̫ԤƲĻǽ콣õ¼һƹѹ硣̫ͼǾ͸ˣ̹Ԫ̫֮ѹ֮
ǬıԴͺǬΪһ壬ȥǬԴǬǬ֮ýҪ
ƺûˣ¼ֶܶΡ
ǬмǬмʯҲӴ˶
ǬҪҪûдˡ
񷣬ΪǳһĲ񷣬Ӳǳŵڣ̫֪ô

̫뵽˵񷲻䣬Ҳ˵
ڸղѾˣ̫컯Ҳݲĺϡ

̫ȻʯǣԼ⼸λһ˴˵ء
ҺϺΪ鼯һ
ʯôռ˺ܶĲ⣬ѵڣ˭֪ж鱦أ
ңսʱ̫뵽Դ䱦κܶණѾˡ
ºܶ಻⣬ˣںϳɺˣ̫֮Լò֮Ҳˡ
Ϊ׼ġ
֮ǰ룬ʱõô鱦ԭռ׼˵Ŀˡ
ħѽ֮ǰõ鱦ҲᱻȥӶơ̫Զˡ
ջ˼뵽޲Tķ
̫ʯȥ뿪
ʯûʦǣ󲻸Ҵ⣬Ѹٵټˣһʱ䣬ϺѸٵ뿪ս
뿪̫΢ЦĿꡢɺ⨺Ҳ뿪ˡ
ƺһıߣ̫ˣӦսˡ
̫Ҳû⣬ȥˣһײࡣ
̫ꣿ
Ӧ֪ӮʤǵñҪһڡ
û뵽Ȼ̵סջ뿪ˡ
̫⡣
鱦ͱźˣѾˣ밵ռһЩ鱦ǲܵġ
ȥɱЩûγĴ񣬷춨˭Ҷƺõģ˭Զˡ
Ǭ޲T鱦עõȻ͸飬ΪԲǰĴƻѸı䣬̫ı䣬ҲҪۡ

Ȼкܶûȥƺ֤ʱ̣ⲻ֪һӦԶˡ
̫ڿҪҪߣ
ʱ
ȴսɿӣȥ
Ȼһȴ̫ĪĸоϤ컯ĺˡ
⿴̫ͷʹ컯һȻʴȡ
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һ͵һֵȷˣԼòǾ뿪ɡ
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˺ħ飬ֱϾɱι˺ٵĵط

Ѿ˽⣬ƶҪϺˡ컯̫
Ҳãȥɣһƽʱˡ̫ŵħѺĺġ
Ǵܻζĺƽһʱ䣬ֱĿʼĿʼˡ
󡭡
ĺҲ̫üк뿪ˣֻʣ¿ֵ̫üԼھս޲TǬ

̫û뵽ǣüҲҪ뿪
ѣȻѾעҰյ˵ǰ㣬¡ʥˡϵʱ뿪ˣҪ粽һΣú̫Զˡ
ǲԸ⿴־棬ѹü֤ʤˡ
Ҳá̫˵ͷ
ü뿪ˡ
ϲľ𣿡ֹ̫
̫Ҫܺͱǰ㲻뿪ԪӻĴأ
磬ǵĴս̫뵽ˣ˲ͨۿ˵ľս



362 Ǭ
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޴ڵĹÿһƴÿһĹڻԪɵĹ
ļã֣ǬΣˡ
˵ΪһǿһȴֻܿǬӲ
ɽ󣬷ΪĽͼɽ¾ɽɽɽĽɢֻ֮磬޾ɱ¾֮ɫǲã
һ˲󣬷˲ƣ沼֮˵Ϊ档
СļšǶɵĽʵΪԪĽ
ƿؽ޲Tһ
ǬˣֵĿꡣ
öԸ̫ͼ˽⣬һﲻСΨǬʺ֡
ǬӲ󷨺ͺˣ󷨵̫ǿˣ˲ǼһģǽᱻԶķֿ
ĸۣˣÿѰһۣ˺󣬹ʶʱ˾ͱ޲Tˡ
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ǬȴǳԵ˿ͷ
޲Tһ󡭡
ʹɷҲǬܶƤĴһ
ʵǾ޽Ĺ䱻Ǭסˣ޲T߱ǹĹǬзȻ˿
߱ǹԪһǬ˴ţͷɢģǬĴ
󷨳Ż֮ħ⣬һƬʶ̽鶼̽ڡ
Ļһֱս鲻ḻǬһʱˡ
ҺͺϣǬС
ˣ
ѵĽâǻһУƴǬ
ãӣ
䣡
޲T˱ԴĹΪľսپٸǬʱ䡣
޲T֪ڸԼսپǺΣա

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䡭һǬǬƿأֱӱһˡ
߱ǹǹâȴǬ޿ɱܵǬʱһţԱеǬ
ȻˣޱȵأԱ޲TĹǬϵһըˡ

޲TҲܣԱǬҲˡҺǬϵǬԼˡ
һǬ滹ʲô
Ȼ
治óѵġ

Ǭ˲ԼһޱȵʧܣǬԼͬԴ뿪ǬԼûϻ͵϶ˡ
ʶһʧ֮ѡȥһǬԱˡ

޲TѸٵķ¸˴ۣǬˣ˳ȱڣԼҪɹˡ
ⲻ֪˵ؾԮĺ˲ܵˡ
ŭͬʱѸٵָ˼ƻֻһˡ
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鷳ˡ
һ壬ƶȥˡǵѸٵźĵطء
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Ǭ޲Tֻ޲TЦչʧˣħ󷨷˲ƣǬһǻܳŵʲôʱ򣬵űħĻɣ
˵꣬ŵ޲TѸٶС
ȴǰԼļƻѰۡ
ͬʱĪҪ⣬а취ֻҪҵ۾ͺá
Ҳް취ֻܰպ˵

һп̫ȴЦˡ
ȻǺʬ֮ȻͲҲ֪
̫˼һ޲T鷳ˡ
Ѹٶȥ޲TҲɣ󷨣ҪɱǬĺܴ
˵ǬԱ鱦˲ᡣ
뵽Լļƻɹˣ޲Tܵ˺ֵá
һĻѵһĻˡ
Ȼֶһˣ
ô
޲TеˣôֶһһԪڵĸ֣źͷȣֳ־ˮۡ
ã̫˵ķ֮޲Tʱˡ
ԭǺҲѧһУ̫˵컯һ
޲Tһŭ𣬡ĺ̫

濴̫һơ
޲TҪñ֣ɱ壬ߣ
̫ƣԼ̺Ҳܸʬ֤֮޲TȻԼ
ߣô̫Ƶĵ



363 Ļ
ʱָһµ޲Tķû뷨
У𻹲ͣ£ҪٴɱһſɣҵۣȻȥ󷨣
޲T뵽ˣ˺ѸٵĲƣʼĿ׼档
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²ΪҪߣûзԼӦÿԴɱ
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񷣬ڵ֪Ǭк࣡
Ҫȥ󷨲ųɣ޲T͵Ϯҵȣվá
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ãѡԶԶĺ
ȴ˴鷳޲TĹļӳ֣󷨵ֻһغϾ˲ᡣ
ǲ¯չֻǷƷ鱦ѣ޲T˵ǽ߱ǹƿ˵޲TΪԶԶ񷡣
Һԣˣƣ
е޲TƺͱԴıѸٵ˲񷣬˵ĺڹһǡ
ĺɫħ֮ϿʼѸٵתһ߱ǹɽĹŲ
ӣ治̾
ݺ޾£ǳ̫֮⣬ڶܵģ󷨵Եʣܶܲˡ

һһԱƶԱˣ鱦Ա޲Tֻȫţķը
޲TһҧȥƲ߱ǹչòԳܡ
޲TҲùߣ
䡪һ
Աˣ֮ǰǬͬǣֻԱĲ޲TܺһѪ
ǲ¯ȴûʧȥ˺ľֹѸٵʧ޲Tǰ
޲TѹסƣŲ¯ķߣף񷻹ûг׵ȥչǻԪڵĲΪǬǰ
ߣģѡ޲TŲ¯ʧĵط
Ѿðմɱˣ˵ӮˣֻҪԼסƣܰѺ֮ڡ
ԼƻָˣͲ㱻ˣʱȴɱ棬˺ܺͺһսˡ
չ㻹ʧˡ޲T˺뿪˴˵ء
˺أ˲ᡣ
ǬԱǬԱƶԱԱ
ĴɱʽԱ޲TȫӲ
Ҫǿ󣬼޲TΪ֣һĴԱˡ

һü˼Ѹȶһˡ
ֻǷöɫ죬ɽͼһһƷ鱦
⿴̫ۺ죬ϼһ￴ջܴ󰡣Լۺ졣
ҺãֻʱܣҪˣ̫취ٺһ

Ѿ׷ĵ޲Tص󷨵ĺ󣬿ʼץϢָŴɱ˺Լ󷨱ضǺ֮ء
޲TչػָãȻ䣬ԾһĻˡ
ԭʬԼ棬Ѿҵ˴ۣ˺˺߶ֻɽʼˡ
ñչػָ޲T͵أһѪ
վС㣿ȻȻ̫жһ
޲TļãһįоԼʧˡ
Ѿҵ۵ˣֻҪһʱ䣬ƿԼɽ
οԼɱǬͲˣһܲǶ֣˵ˡ
һվʧˣ޲Tûзȥѹ󷨡֪󷨱Ʋɱˡ
ɽǿǿҲг̶ȡ
ͬ׵Ǽޣ˺ˣȥ󷨡
Ӻ棬ԼȫѹסţҲᱻƿ޷ʱѡ
ʶ޲ȥѹȻָһȻԼʧˣһͿǵˡ
ȻˣǺ׼ܾ޴ɡ޲TЦš
뵽棬ߣҲҪ
޲T壬Ϊʧ׼ġ
Ϊ˴ǣضҪ壬ֻСе壬
ǼԴĺôԴѾںϣͲ
Դ󣬶ӦС壬
úΪԱҪ޾µۣ޲Tǲȫ
˵ҪԴ衣ĲٿغΪܡ
һΪܵ޲Tʣᵣ
޲TΪ뷨ʶ˺ܶļƻֻҪѸٵĶɽ
˵˵ʶ峤ΪΪ޴ѧ𣿡
ȻӮˣΪҳΪΣҪΪʿħҪΪ֮ĸ棬ҪٿģҪ˳ħʿҡ

޲Tһ飬ʱ
䡪һֻɽƿˡ
ʱֻ¯һ˿ıԴҪȥ
Ϳ̫׼ˡ
뵽Լɶòῴźվ̫
ʶ¯Ҫõ
ˣ
˲ֱ֣ѹҪܵĲ¯ʱһסǲ¯
ã̫
޲T󷨱ƺ󣬺Ȼ̫ˣˣôһˣΣˡ
ϲ棬ȥ󷨾˷ˣû뵽̫Ҳˡ
˷ˡ
ĪҪңû¯ģǼ
̫֣˶Լһ㶣˲˵뷨
֣õ¯̫ͺˣǴģԼ֪ˣȻܡ
⣿һ㶡
޲T˿Һ̫ǿף׵֡
Ψûһ˿ı仯֪־ˡ
̫Ų¯˷ܵˣջܸˣںܾ֮ǰͿӹ¯
Ǻû˴ɱģû뵽ѭԼվõ¯
֮ǰΪ׼ģ컯Ѿ컯¯ǾԼɡ
Ȼ̫û˲¯֮ڣвĲȱԴ⻹Ҫ취
ĨɱǷȥ
ȻЩ̫Զˣʱ˵̫˻ʹѾзԸԼͽԪˣҪעˡ
ã𵴣һҪػ֮һ

̫ǿѹס¯򵥵Ĺ۲һ󣬷¯ᰡЩƷ
ɼͲͬԴԱ󣬶ʧҺԼõˣһ£Ǳ˵õˣһƷ鱦
ʱ
ұ
¡¡



364 ħ٣
ˣû뵽󷨱֮޲TȻֶΣֻһʱƱɫˡ
ס֣
˲ˣ޲TȻ
Ժĵʧж󰡣ǣԼΨһӮңԼҲҪ
˲ĵı֪
䡪
Ĵһһ⻪֣ķӣһɹɻصϯء֮ҵĹ⻪ҫأк鶼оϢ
ô£
٣ȻҵˣҺϵʱˣ
ֲдܶˣü˵ˡ

ȿȡ⣿˻
̫֮ѸٵĻӺ;壬ʶ̫޷
޲T˾еˣ޲T˵Եʵ£ԼԱϼˡ
ȴǾģô죿ôǺã
洿ùҿ̫ͼѾˡ
˵˵Ա˺Ȼ֣һޱȾ޴ϯúеľ޲TȴΪ⣬Ǽƻ֮еġ
ô⣿군ˣɵˣƺ뵽˽Լˣٵ½Լ˱ˡ
һ֮ǳ޵ĿŶԷ޲̻ԷʱȴȻ뵽ҪǴɱ˶Է˵Լأ
ƽֶˣٴɱһˣһӱ볥
һһȥ
ֻ⻪ɢ¶սò޾ɱɽѾʧرǿֲѣγޱԨԨ첻֪Զףħɷ֮Թɷ֮ȵϢ˻һ۶
ر鶼ΪɻңɽΪƽأһߵضûˣ֮أ
⾰˶Ĭˡ

޲T㡭㣬ذ̾Ϣ˵
˭뵽֣
Ψ޲Tȴǲָһ㣬ԣԣô֮һԣ
Ȼ޲T֣ûԼݵǰ󣬶ҲԼ뵽Ҫ١
޲Tʱݣ
̫
޲T˷ŭΪǰ㣿ƺ̫޲Tһ
Ѿû˴ɱ޲T뷨ˣϾôҪе
չС޲Tں˸еʱֻ޲T
ϣаħ޲Tħħƺأ˵ħǣħǵƽ⣬򣡡
Ȼ
޲T޲TĻо𶯣ҪӦԣȴоڤڤ֮й赲ϿɣֵĽ
޲T£𶯣翪٣һɾǿħ޲T֡
֮УһƬڳŵ磬޾ɷԹ꣬ħݺᣬеĸڴˣһʮƷƷתɢڤ⣬޾ħħԴͷ޲TԴ
ӴħΪ֮һֵǺ룬޲T˵ǰ㣬аж޲TħĵΪΪƽֶΡ
Ӵ˵ħħһߣǵһɣ
ۻҼ䣬ϿɣѾעˣ޲Tʺƽ⣬ҲΪһħĿ顣
ں꣬ɵ۵ʱ
Ȼ
ϣ޲T֪أԸȥΪԴӴħСħ֮ϴˢȻˣ޲T춨


޲T
ã
ֻ޲TԶɵˣ̫ͼ޲T߱ǹɣ̫ͼ߱ǹʱԶˡ
ʱ޲T˵Աˣ˳Ҳصˣ
䡪

𣡡ױˣû뵽޲TȻԼԱˡ
ԼҪΪ鱦˵ҲҪ군ˡ
һĵ𺳣ڴܺ뿪ĵ飬ȻĨ˰亹
ҿλǰѣԼ뿪ˣҪǻǿ֣
¸ղıը󣬾ѾԼɢˣ˵һը
գգò׶ȹѣϵء
ǣǣȥͱչأ

һΪˣ϶ȹپ羫׼ʱڲˣҪչء
ܣԭ򣬵µħѺĺģϢڸǡ
Ͼ̫ˣȥʧˣټǱչزȻû˴֮ǰϢ
ԳĴܣΪԼĺܶԣȻûǿĴڡ
⣬ڣҲҪá
˴̫ˣϸ˵η̹ŵģѾûˣʣµҲǾηˡ
ˣȺϵ֮˺ϵͿԲˡһ·ƣ˶ȱںʧⲻǹڵĵkźġ
ʼǹֻҪﵽkƣʧҲںҲ˵û취ںչԲչд˳֡
̯Ӹȥֲɣ
ˣأ
˵
һ޲TԱ˳Ҳˣȥֻ䱾Դһһ⣬Ŷȥ
ڶɽź𶯣ķ˺Ů洣Ȼһ⴩ػ
ֻһһԴǵӰУʱһɴкͱԴϣ˲ʧȥʶһ㡣
ԴѡһѡŮ洺ͷˡ
⡭
ׯ۵ԪӣҲ̫˴̫Լû̫Ŭ֮һ
̫⣬һįĺ̫֣ʽȥˣԼ׵ʧˡ

׼ͽȴѾȹ꣬ӺٽʼʹڱС
ػ棬ħʩ֮ǰĴս类緢ˡ
αǵһΣ˸оƺ˲ʧıԴΪǣֶĵĸо
ң
ĳ˾޴ı仯޾鷢֣֪ʱǲִȣħĸо
·ֻҪԼҷβܣ߻ħĸо
ħ޳޳ˣڲһˣ޳ˣˡ
ƺ̵֣ľͻ׹ħԨһԭʼܵջʱ޿̲Ϯǵǲ˿ķɡ
̽鷢֣ħҵĹڤڤж
˵ʲôˣ޵ˣнѺ׽٣˶ĵĿ顣
ʵ̫֮ǰһ
ֻǣû̫Զ̫ӵĺԣ֮ǰͿ˵ĵġ
ڣ̫˵õˣ޲TΪħҳħµħԣ¶鿼Ժ
£鼸ƽ̫ˣǽҲҪĵĿˡ
һ˵޲TΪħкôˣעصģӾ硣ںΪ𣬶ħΪ
޵ˣߵĸȸԶˡ⣬ߣ˴οʼԶͨ顣
ǿԵȹ̣ұԴҲǿħ֮ʵǸˣԸߵȻ죬Ҳǰ;㡣
ħǷֲεģд޵Ŀ飬ɵĿ飬Ը飬ħĵҲǿ
ͬʱ
죬޲TԣĳϣѸٵĺͺںϣһǸ֮أһУһ߱˹
޲T
ĵԱһȻˣΪԺħԵʣʧˣ£Ϊһ
һĳƺǴʱ޲TΪʥ
ӮΣǵĺأ޲TЦ
ʱһɽ˹УǱԴϵ
޲Tһ֣Ľ£޲Tϥȴʱȴͺһν
ֻǣϣĽˣҶʧˣ߱ǹҲ̫ͼԱҴɱҲʧˡ
޲TԤϵˣûֶΡ
߱ǹԼɣǿ㱾ԴԲ
ֶλǿġ
ȻҲ޲TƵĵطȫ¶ˡ
ԵԵʣ̤ˣǺд䶯
Ͱħժˣħ޾µ֡
ʮħʹȴ֮ǰħۣ


365 Ӯ
һг䶨콵
ֻսʢ³֣ɷĿĴϣĨȥ֮ǰսըĴꡣ
һɷׯۣԪϲ⡣
ʣɣȴǷֳйںĵ飬õĹ¡
⣬һɫźⱻһ̽һС
Ȼ̫˵ǰ㣬ԼΪյʤߣһɸѡѡȻԼˡ
޲TƣԼľ޴
޲TԱˣˣǵʧûˣԼȴҪеȥ
ҺãкϢԼڵõϣԴԴΪԼ򿪣ԼҲܽԴˡ
˵Ϊ;磬һǡʥ
ֻҪԼʬһ󣬾ܡʥ
ʬһĳʥԼҲԲԴô޵ɾͻԪ޽ɡ
Ҳ˵ԼγʥӵЧԶԶһһڶ򵥡

ҲҪǺܵģô
ֲ֮ǰֹ̫֪ȴԵʲɶԼ˵
Ǿͼ̫ѰɣֻϣԼˡ
̫ѣһɺá
֪̫ûԶΧʶ
Ȼ̫Цеĳˡ
ϲѳɾʤԴн̹;Ľ
һƣĪҪЦˣϵ޴Ǻã
ֵҪϵϵϵܣ⡭οο޲TûǻΪħ˷˵һ죬ϵƹܺģܼѰ
¿ˮ˵ޱȵί
Ȼȷˣ̫
õֹŵΪҪˣ̫
ȿȣæס̫ϵƳ㣿̫ѼЦЦ
˵ֵ⣬лѰа䲻֪ʲô޲Tҧгݵӣ򵥣
Ȼס֮һ˵޲T᲻ޱ𣿡
˻
һ㶣˺һݷֹȻˣϵȷøлѡ
̫һֵææͽԪģƹܺģҪǵչһ°
ǵɫУ֪Լġ
޷Ǿʬһ˺һʬ۹ºˣҪΪȷͳ˺ǿˣͨ컯Բ
Լı壬ȴӴ޾ˡ
ǵģǺʬһķı塣
ı۴޵ĴڣǲܺϵģϵķںϵĴڡ
ɵԼϣ˿ˡ
ҪǣͷͬԴĹϵ÷󣬿ԸԴҲܽ˿ٵĽ
һֱ룬ʼǻԪ޽ɣǺϵˡ
Ҳ˵ҲǷͱ޹ءòΪĶѡ
һٲ˾ʮŲˣ粻÷ϵŬǰ׷ˡ
ʶţ̫黹ԪӺ󣬺еΡ
֮ǰǷ̫ģǽʭӶ˲ǷСҪô
УǵҲ֪ϵ޲Tƣ˾޴ҿֲࡣôѺϵ
ǺƵġ
ʬһ֤ʥ˼򵥣޷ǻ۶ѡ
ںϵҪûһ˿׵ĺͺĸһкſɵġ
򵥣ȱ룬÷ʥ˺׼ȻǻģҴ˵ΪӰ˺飬У㲻Ǻܶ鱦𣿴鱦˰ܻġ

ˣ
ôֱ˵ĸоƵʡ
㻹Ϊ˴󣬾ܵõô鱦׼ģΪ׼ģkҲ뾡ԲЩ鱦㲻ȥôôˣеð롭
̫ۺָĽ̫ͼ̫Լ޲TǬ鱦˵ЩǸ׼ģ㻹ôٲҪˣ
̫Щ鱦ۺ졣
޲T˵üһССĽǧ鱦
˵̫ۺǬ̫ͼĽͼȣ
Ǻǣ
̫˵꣬ЦǺǵȫ̫ۺ죬ҿѹסˡ
ѣϵ˵ĶԣⶼϵģͲϵС̫ɫÿʶο
ߣ̫û˵
ռռ߱ǹʱ
ȵȣ
̫ȻһȣȻʲô
߱ǹƺԭ켣У޲TΪħʧˡ
Ӧò֮ڰɣ
ѣ߱ǹɱ̫󣬲籾˰ɣҲѹ̫Ȼ˵
һ㶡
һݣȻЦʵаš
̫󲻸ˣϼһﲻҪƭңôˣ
̫Ͳǵ߱ǹаš
㿴ŵˣȻս˸ָ֡
ֻһɫĹâ߱ǹϡ
ļã
߱ǹʱݣһѪһϷ
˵ĺܶԣи߱ǹͣʶݣһΪصһֻ֮һΪһ󹦵֮鱦飿ϵΪۣ
ֵ٣߱ǹš١֮Ϊ֮
Ȼ̫һ󣬷ֵȷˡ
еƵôô
ңǵִ˺ûʧ̫֣ԼѹĲ¯еѹסĸо
ƺõ˵ֵٻ
ˣ̫ŭˣԼղضҪƣ̫ˡ
غһ飬鱦ݿȰס̫
Ȼ̫һ㣬꣬ȼƣ
ֻ¯ٻһ֮дıԴʧˡ
Һò¯̫ˣ֮˲ıԴ
ΪǿգΪ⣡ȼһڹײĻΪǹ䶨֮ڣԭȼƵһڹײ֮ǲ񷣬ڶ⣬Сض񷣬кϣԭ㡣
̫ˡ
ײΪСأΪǿգһһ
ֻҪûԼĲ¯߾ͺãֻǲıԴѣ̫Ҳϡ
̫˲¯
ò˵ƺ˲ˣҪϵʱ˵㣬⴦ñ鱦ġ̫Ժӵ˵
ˣ
ЦҲֻ̫ѣϵϵֻΪ˿áġ鱦̫㡭㣿ϵ֪ô˵
һ̾
Ȼˡ
Ҳϻ뿪ˣʬһ÷ʥ˺ϵ
̫һۺģ֪һʱĻˡ
ʱǵʮĩԶʱĩβҪӭ׷׻ζϹʱˡ



366 Զ֮β׺ɣ
ħ֮ˣغѾӮʤɣǴ񱲳ʱµʱˡ
ڷ壬̾˵
峹׵˳ʷ̨ʣĹӲдĻš
ڲǰˣܶ鱦Ϊһַʽ
ֱ˿̹󣬷ڰ˶һȣħ״̬
ܹ׳鱦ۣ԰ȵˣ»ܴлһ졣
ǰļ䣬Ѿ˾޴ĸı䣬޲T滹˵ĺ桢̫ȴúõģչǲ԰ĺġ
ܽһ֣ȷԼ֪ĺܲһ̫ĺ˵Ĵڣһ֪ġ
ң͸¶˵ԼĴڹغ̫÷ֺ棬׹غԼ֪ܵ٣ͷʹġ
˵ãҵʱ䣬ڵпյǰ£ȥһ£µҲҪԡ
ܼᶨ˵
ͬʱǰٺҲõ˲ٵĹ£ȰƻĵõĹ¡
÷Ϊﵽ˴޽ɵĵز
ĴҲǴ޽ɵĲΣΪǿܺʹǴһߡ뵽
ٻԼϷ죬ûбߵ鱦Ҳղء
ڷ壬Ѿʼѹɽˡ
⣬һΪҲȥѰܵˣҲ֪ܵôˣ
ⲻ֪ں棬ƿ޲Tɽ󣬵Ľ˺𻵡
֮ǰ޲Tɱк֮֮ʧ
δĿͽıԴڡ
ֵܽ󿴼ҵֶκͨʼıںˡ
˵ɽˮʱ򣬿ѰҵæҲ֪᲻Ӧϣûɽˮһ졣
ᶨĵ
⣬ĸ˵ģ̫ĻǸ̫һ졣
ҲԼҪӴĴڣһΪ˷

Ҳһָʾǰռһ֮ǰµ鱦ˣ˳
ֱĽ²ͬⶼС
ۻصϺϋ֣ϻغͺܳĬ㣬ϳҲʧˣеӦȫˣûֻʣºĵˡ
ܣϺԼΨһϣˡ
Ŀôȥۿиϋֺܡ
Һÿİο˺ܶࡣ
˵ĶԣһиҪأ廹кܶ˻Ϊ޳أҲȥҪ縺׵С
ϋּǿ˵
ѡΪ˴˿̣Լȥ
壿
׵ĳ˺ۣȥˣĺĺˣ֣Ҳȫѹˣ˿̵壬ȫǽΪ飬̫ҽɵĶ١

ɽصɽˣ߳˱ˣ׵սǸܡ
ɣ׺꣬ȻûнΪ£Ѿ͵û
׵ɴܴҺûصĻᡣ
Ҳףûǿʵվа
Ѹսôѽȫﵽ̫ԲĲΣҵٶȹͨ
ҪΪĴ޽׼ˣۺʱ޽ʼϸ֡
˿̣޽ɸĿǰĸ֣̫桢ĺ½ѹȣ
νѹһˣȻ׳ˡ
Ҳ˵δٹĿǰΪߵҲʹ޽ɵĲΣٺ׵Ĵڡ
޳ھĿǰĸ֣ڿǾ֣޺ڳ̫岻ĸ⣬ûС
Բֻ̫绹С
ҲС꣡
Կóٺʧء
˿̵ĺģޱȵİ˵ʱ顣
͵ٲͬʱʱδٹƷ½˺ܶ࣬ѾԶԶû֮ǰǰŨˡ
Ӵ˿ʼ飬Ȼ˵һڣ֮ǰ¸ճ飬ҲɵĲΡ
ιѾǳҲ͵ɵĲΡ
ΪɣͲεĴڡ
֮ǰķΪɡɡɡɡ̫ҽɡ޽ɡ
ղΪۡҡ䡢ںϡ̫
Ҳ˵֮ǰһͲε飬ڻλʱȻвġ
ɾûˣҪҵ⣬ܲɵĲΡ
֮ҲһԪᣬʮǧѡ
ô̵ʱ䣬ҪҪ츳ʹеģûЩҲͱоųɾŵĵǻһԪġ
˱仯δսıԴź󣬵½ľ档
Һã½Ҳûٺĺ
ٺСһڡ
⻹ֻǣνѺϸ΢仯ı仯ʤ
˺飬᲻֪ǰĺģϴ˿ϡ٣úܶãԼϵĴڡ
̹ŵӰڣֻҪɽͲ̹Ŵ񣬵̹ŴӰȴ˺ܶܶࡣ
ϣĿǰҲǴ˺Ψһּ
ңеԵʣ˿ֻ̺صƲӵʱ´ܣ˸Ĵ⣬ҲΪ޽ɾΪ
ڵԪĴУѹ֪
˵ʧ޾ĴУܽ飬һЩսظɽУѰһЩ˿ѰһЩ֮ǰķʽ
⡭
ֽĺģû鱦⣬δѾ鱦ˡ
֮ǰʮ鱦˿̼ûһͲˡ
ȻЩ鱦Ĳȥˣ
Ҫʺˣ̫ռǵ㣬ɵͷأ
νһĶѾϳˣ͵춨ʥ˳źˡ
̫ƹνԲֻо
ΪޣʮԲʶضʮֻǽֵֻѡ
νʥ컯зϵȫò
Աõֱֻ塢Ů洡׼ͽˣԼƣȴʧ
˵õֻʧˡ̫ɣ峤ӦҲвŶԣ
Ȼ˿̫Ҳ㲻ֻ˵Ԥơ
ô˵Ҫֻ
̫ãʱʺϵĺ˵ˡ

˵
һöˣԪ֮һҲõ˾޴Ĺ¡
ܱģǿׯ۵Ĵڣһԭ켣һ
˾̫о׼ͽضԼͽĵ̣еֿˡ
˵λʥ󣬻ҪԼſɡ
ȻҲп̫׻Ԫ޽ɺ󣬿ٵĲóת֮İ취ܱᡣ

ʱţǽԪȥˣĴˣʱĨƽ˺ܶࡣ
ֻǱϵģĴĳʧصġ



367 
ɽ಻ͬɽ䣬צ̽βŤת䣬ɽдУľʣʮ˲Σٲ֥ݣǧңٲ£С̣ţˮʯڼ֮;̫֮ԣ
ڣãʵѱ棬ɾĹӿȪϿգεȻã֮ƣɫ֮ͬ¾֮ɵɫ籡ϼ⻪ȾͬһƬɫѤõĲʹ⺣
Ķ֮һ羰ʫ续ĵطɽգɽΡ붸ԣȻһɼҸ֮
˶أɽ
ʱƣħ֮ѾԶȥ·ʼ׷׻ζ
磬ҪСĵ㡣
ԭʼͨĵУ̫ӵ˵ͷ
ֵ̹ŴԪдˣоųɵİգܶȹǾž٣λ͵ĪҪģֻħ֮ѣ棬ҵԪǿ󣬸޷λ͵Ϊȥˡ
̫˵꣬߳󷨵ػʼſƣʱſƵͬʱֻɽȻۣѹѹϯ
ʮĻۣӵĻˡ
ͬ³çעԺ͸зĴкͻۡ
ʶ׽ٵĽ٣ǰʮ˵пޡ
ľٶòԶصһλŮеԾ
أĸ֮أȻͬɽɽףƽҲӦ
κ׽ٽ£Ⱦž٣ȻĸӦˡ
û뵽˽Ҳ֪˶ɽ٣ĸ̾Ϣ
ÿɽжһˣ˾֮ͬһɽƺԤʾžĿʼ
̫ӣ˾֮ľžˡ
̫ҲҴ⣬Ѹٳ籦һһĺ
Ǻ컹죬ûм򵥵ġ
ʶ׽ƺܴȴҲ̫ӺΣ
ΨħٵĿ飬ӳ˵ͷԪǿȹ̵ԵʣȻѲס
ڡ
׽ٹֻ֮նɺ£գϼ
̹ԪΪ̹壬̫ҲջΣشѸġ
¡¡
ΪԪ֮󣬵ڶξͱѸĵĴڣ˿ӳ˷ͷ
ھħ֮󣬴ˣϵĸҲ޶ѣֻξƣҵõϣһʱˡ
̫ӣȻ̹ŴԪֱ˼飿
Ѫڤӣ˭̬ȣκԪ֮ǰΣкǲˡ
Ҫڶκλû׼ãѾдܻγˣ̹ŴԪеܴ

ǰ̹ŴԪôܣ׼ͽ𾪵ʵ
ʵħˣ̹ţ̹žȻԪ⣿ôˣ
ħˣԼԽԽˣﾪһƳû뵽̹Ԫ񶼳ˡ
ĪҪȾ컯ΣϵԤƣǰʮ鶨дˡħ
ǣǰ

Ů洺ͷˣһ̹ԪӾסˡ
磬ֹдˣ֮ǰõԴΪͨ죬û뵽Ȼ̹ŴԪ֮飬ǲ̫ⰡŮ˵
֮ǰ˵õԴۣ֮ΪѾˣ̹Ԫ񶼳ˡ
˵ǣܲ򵥣򲻿ɴˣҵҲҪŬˡ˵
Լ֪ԼŮ洣ĸҪ˵㡣
òóó֮ǰԴǲŮ洵֮Ů֮ͬУǿ˺ܶࡣ֮˻ࡣ
ʶ˵ãݷ֣ģʾǰʮεĴܣˣĪҪңȡǰʮζ
⣿Ů洺ԥ
ֻˣ˵İɸ磬ûġ

ڱ麣һܵѹȻҲǵ񣬵ֵ̫Ԫӣʼղ˵㡣
ʶԪӵĻΣ˺ӵĻΣޱȵĽš
춨ܺϳһ־ǣ
绯ΣˣԵһСÿӳͿʼȡһС
ʶǰʮд˺᲻š
涨ǵģ̹ŴԪ̹Ŵ䣬οЩԪѡᶨ˵
ܵУ̹ŵȷǿ߶ġĴо㴫ġ

̫ǵĵۿͶ̫һֵҰĲСơ
У޲ΨһĴ£ûҰĵˣҲᱻҰ֮
ονĻ߷̫Ļ֮ǿʵ˻֮
磬Ȼȸŵ飿ǲ򵥰Ȼ̹ŴԪ̫һе㵣ǵ˵
еǵԭ
ȻǻûݻɾưԺĵġ
˿̵ĵǣ˵ᡣ
޷Ȼ̹Ŵ۾أ˭̹Ŵ񳶵ϹϵһѣҶֵϣǲκˡۿص˵
ϣˡ̫һ˵

̫ӵĻζ𾪣ܵʮס
ʲô
ȻǸԪֲҵȲԪԭʲӣⲻУҪɱ˵ҲԪˡףڶʱðɡ
ףڲɺ˵˵ǳ
ԪʱѾԽһĺĴܣ˼Ԫ᲻ǵеġ
ָ̫㣬ʱѾǴڵΪˣûԪǿ
ԪʽѾƽˣб
ǿѾԪʿˣ֮ǰʱԪʿܺʿƽ
ֻ֮ѾʿԪˣֻݺ棬Ԫʿѡ
˵ʱѹ˿̻εĴ籦Ҳͺƽֶѡ
磬ѾǴڵΪˣ̫ǰ˵ģʱѾѹͬڵˡףʵ
ߣеɸֵ˵ѵ̫ǰ˵ģԶԺĳη֮ģԶԼԵ֪
ֵȲ˵˸񿪱٣оη֮ǱȻġѵ˵仰˭̫ǰǺ͸ͬĴڣ˵úܼǵ񣬵ܵΣο
վⲽοΣ˸ԪͬԴҪǽãǳޡǻ֪ʲôȻ֪ҪäĿ޴
Ȼ̫˵޴仰ѧĺ͸ףç򡱣õĺ졣
˵öԡڤ˵
˵Ķԡ
ݱʬǿ⡢ա
ףڲˡ
ʵǿԵʣֵҲʵģ˵ôš
ðɣף̾Ϣ


368 ǰʮĴڣ
һĬ̹ŵǡô˵
λãǴѶϣǲòأֻһԪζѣǺι⣿
ֵ̹ŸԪΣֻҪǺúߺߣԪҲеġ

һ㶣ղ˵ʲô
˵ֻҪúԪҲеġЦ
⡭
ⲻܰ磿
ôͲܣʵ
ǡ
ǣ⣿صҲ˵Ȼ
ǰɣ˵̫ǰ˵ǲǲֻ꣬ҵ˸Ѫ־ǿԲܼ򵥵ꡣ˵׻Ԫ޺ǲܣֻǵûиȷĴ𰸶ѡ

׺һ˷
ǣû˵ܲܳɣ
ҪģҲҪǵŬ˵ֻд޽֮ϵĲεԲſһߵĻ۳ꡣȻ²ɣҲӦһԪ񣬻̹Ÿ
⣡һպü
ˣ˵ջǣ֪Ԫֺηӳֺηҵȫصǣ֪ǵĵĲԪ񣬶ǺͬԴӣǵˣǲǣ

꣬ʮһеȷˡ
˸ѪȻԼ̳иˣð˸Ԫ飬Ӷǵˡ
Ҳ֪Σӵ֮ǰĽпó˲ü̳еģ̳˸ˣǻܵѹģܵصĴѹϾ̫ǿˣǿغ£ȳkƿءҲúֺܶ£ΪǵĴڣǵǣǸǣƺġ
ֵ˵һֻܿԼǵĳûԪԵʣȻĺͱĴֺܳ蹵ΪҵȺǲһǻʣǵǰ;ޱȵļգô³çжкôֻǽύĶ󣬶ǵĵˣһҪס

һϯ̫Ҫڴ˶ơ
ԼѡĹȻûʶʱ³çųġ
һĵ޲TѾܵ쵱ħȥˡ
ǻ޲TãԵʣҪܻң˵ֱ޲TԵʡ
ǣĶϲȺ壬ҲϲȺ塣
ҪǶϲſȷȡ֮һһУֻʣ棬̹ŵڡ
磬ˣ
׵һǵĴ˭ϲĴڡ
ǿϣûԪǳһȺ壬ȻͬȺвͬӪ
ǺǣһЦ׾ͺãҲܣȻˣֿѵڣ𲻻ῴ̫ġ
һ¡֮ǰ;Ǽѵģδõġ

ׯ۵ԪӣһʱḶ́µĴ裬ѾȹΪ
ѾԴ޻ˡ
ͬڴֱ޶ĴĴǵԪεġ
أȫʮƷԲĸţԲ̫Ľ̻塣
ʶԪ»۵ĹˣҲûż״޽ڵĲΡ
Ǹ̫˵ģ޶ʱĿܣǾȥģ򣬶ܡ
Ԫ֮ʹ֮Ľϣкôġ
⣬ħ̫֮ʧˡ
ԪӲԪɣ˵ĵӡ
ԪӶ̫ѷġ
ҲһһʦϢ̫ĵǶ֪һ˳Լĺġ
ʶԪӵ֪ӳ̫˵ʱˣԼˡ
ˣԪ̤Ѱʦ;Ҳ̤˽ύ̡ܵ

ڻκӣ۾κ档
磬㣿ԭʼʵ
û£ܺãղһջѣһЩĴСЦ
ֵޣֵΪһ壬Ϊֻζռһǵúܶ˲ˣλ͵Ҳ컯ΰɣֻȫΣſ˹̣
һԼջԭʼͨ˾
磬㻤һΣ˺ٰܻΣһֵˡ
ƣӵͷ
ɣ
ӻκ󣬾һشƣѡ
Ȼ绯ˣȻӴ˿̾Ϳʱˡ
ʶ

ԭʼˣػĻκܳɹ
̹ԪΪ̹壬ԭʼҲջΣشѸġ
Ȼ֮ԭʼĻΣڴԾˡ
ԭ̹Ԫ񲻽һȻܶŮ洡ۿʡ׼ȣˡ
ֵܣãһ㣬̹ŴԪҲ
ǣ
ǰ󡭡
̹ԪΪ̹壬ͨҲջΣشѸġ
廯κôˣԭν塱ô˼ֵ˰
ʱܶ˸оܼ֣һͲˣȻֵܣˣǲǵĴڡ
ԼһҪע㡣
ˡ
һԪӶռһˣ˺ֵһˣǻʣİ˵ˣҪġ
˵Խǿ¶һҲǿ֣ʶǶżˡ
ڡ
ǧ󡭡
ڤ棬ħ֮ѪۣɱջΣشѸġ
˳ˣڤ滯ζˡ
˺󡭡
ʮһλ׵Ļγɹúе±Ƶĸо
̹Ԫ壬̹žѪף̹ŴȻ̹Ŵ
һʮλ֪ף̫ں̹ŵĴڣǲ֪ͻˣҪ֪»ᵨ
ʮλͬԴһúڴ˼ɵȻʮףܶȻųˡ
һˣȻʮˣô
ȻӵĻ壬һ£ôиľѪѵǲǸΨһˣ
˵עҪǺã
磿ԭʼҧгݵʡȳĸ߰Ҳи߰ıǮ
޷ȿ˵ܽύͽύܽύͲܲʣϾʮ˲Сӣ˵˸Ѫ䴫к򵥡ӵ
ǰͨ쾡Ҳ߰ԭʼһ㣬벻޶˸߰
ǣԭʼʵԪֵֻ֣ܼ̳ˣʮԵλܻΣѵҲиԪ񣿵ǲܰ˵
ԭʼʣӺͨסˣĵǰ
Σ֮Ե˵١˵
˿̣
ڴǲ֪ʮûԪģΪһĴڡ
Ȼڴ˿ҲԳƵˣûкĳƺס
ףǱųﲻˣüȻųҵȣҵȾʹµĳƺͬۡʱԳơס
˿ҲһԳơˡ桱
䶯󣬺Ļڼ
ꡭ
ڵʮٽǰǰʮĴȫεġ
ǲһ˶һˣеʮˡһ
һԪӡڶ壬ڤӡĵסĵۿͶ̫һߵŮ洡ڰ˵ޱھŵĺơʮ׼ͽ
׼ͽСĴڣӲ£ĩ೵ڵʮٽʱ򣬻ζ
ǿճ⣬õۿͶ̫һеս
ޱ۾Ǻˣ
ǰǿУȻкҵȼͬȵĴڣ⣿
ۿͶ̫һˡ
ޱ۾Ҳˣǿջȸţֵ̫ܣôԼʦôأ



369 Ϲʱ
Ĵϣ̫Ȼפָһ㡣
ףʮһˣԶʱ𣿡
ֹ̫
ӻĹſʼ̫߹ʱһĹʱ˵ƽ٣ĵĽ
˺̫ʱ٣˺ʧأʹı䣬ӭԶʱ
˵̫ʱĽԶʱĿʼǰѪȷġ
˺Զʱ˿̵Ϲʱ٣ȷѪ꣬٣ħ֮
̫ǰһȥһƬ
ǵ˻Ĺʱˮ׼̫Եħܾ֮ˣ̫֮ˡ
ҾųɻǸջε飬Ҳ顣
ǰѹ飬ҪչҪȥˡ
ճ飬ǳ޴Уζֻص̫ᷳʱʲôУơ
̫ͺ̫֮ûϺĴ
ʧжأԼܲûתʱҪһ㡣
һ꣬׷׻ζûо̫̫һֱڲ鿴
Ȼʧء
ֲ׼ͽ󣬿ߵڿĵĶܲ۲
̫ҲȻ֮ǰħݺʱʱ
һ̫ʱԼļƺԽԽˣϤĸо
Ҫһתſɣ֮ǰģǵѻǵˣƺĲˡ
㣬˭
̫֣ĺ½ѹü⣬ԼϤһûˡ
ĸо
Ȼ䡭
̫ȻйϤĸоֱһ̾Ϣ̫ˡ
ʦ֣ԵǺãǺð
ֻ̫Ȼ˺ЦһĻ
һͷĵˣһݸɫƵĵڱԹ
Թ̫ƶ񤣬ƶܡ
ô˵ҲԼĳأ׼ͽеܡ
˷ܵڻˣõĺģȻһпʵ
ֵܶһɧ
ȿȣλˡ
ֻ̫Ȼ仯ģΪѹڴ޳ڵĵزһȴ׼ͽĽ̸
̫û֣̽κεϢħеɻĪ׼ͽŴ̽̽
⣬Լǰ֪ĴܣôҲҪ̸һ
㣡
׼ͽ͵һûôֵģȻֵһеһμ˵ֵе
Ǻˣ׼ʱſƣĿ̫
̫ЦƶϺˣλѣ֪λţ
⣡
̫ûжֵӣ׼ͽ˺ܶ࣬ħ˵ϲ⣬ҪС
ʶ˼̫ǽš
̫е֣Ȼ׺Լ֪ķ˽䱸
ԭϺѣ½ֻ˵ָ׼ƶʦܣ׼ˡ
ԭǽѺ׼ѣʧʧ̫Ц
εĺС齻̫ǰǴε档
Ѿܾˣŵ˲֪˲̫Ѿ޾²ɷˡ
Ȼ̫ãǸʱ
ʶԼĶˣûҲˣһܽҴԼûˣȻĸо
һз¸߹һ־ĸоָо̫
̫ȻǿҸǿصҲݵ
أǿݣǸϡ
֮
̫㣬Ϻ˵ȥ˷ˡ
һΪ˻Ԫ޽ɣֻҪܽͺãֻҪԪ޽ɣԼСԲԽʥˡ

ϺѣˡĸȣȫֲϲԼ͡
ֻ׼ᣬֵ۾תĿ̫
Ѵδ׼ʵ
ƶԺϺ
Ŷ׼һݣֹȻˡ
ֻ̫ЦȻԼĸţǡţ棡
һ׼ķ˽䱸ȻʵȻ֮Զƶɷ̽һϢ
Ǻǣ֪޲ԣ
лѡ̫Ļ׼ᶼˣѵõĸл̫һ
޷̫˰֡
׼ʵ֮ԶɷֺĵĲͬϺΣĵطΣΣ
׼̫꣬ʲôˣ
׼ǲʣطĲࣿ
ȿȡ׼ᾹȻҲ죬ֻǸɿһµȴˡ
̫ĵƤⶫȻģԼ˾ȻĲһ˳Ȼĺܣ
ƺֹ̫
˵޷
ţ̫˵ͷݴս٣ԸԶԶطǶƶţﻪ챦˽ܵ飬Ũ񱲳
̫Ѷһ䣬׼еۺ졣
Ͽ̫ĻͶ˵˴ս֮ǰҲܵˡ
ֻǷǴĴǵȴսǲ֪ģҪݣڸˡ
ʶ׼ͽֻ֪йսôһŲ֪

۽ǰǶﻪ챦˽ܵ飬ȴߡ
˵Ļ̫
ʱĽģûеõָ㣬Ӷĺ
˵ʱˣаǨ뷨
ʶ̫̽ᱲʿ֮ﲻȥλҲѹȥˡλѵΪڶռһɽ󴨼򵥵ĺܣλ̾Ϣȥǡ
Ȼ
̫˵꣬׼˫۷Ź⣬ƺĶ
ֻǳȵĽû˿ı仯ƺĲϲԼһ
Ͼǻ֮أҪ飬͵ǣˡ˵
Ǻǣ޷޷Ҿ˵˵ѡ̫Ц
̫п϶ˣħû˳ıأ˻ûƺء
˺һ̸̫˸ˣ˵ǼȥʵǲԼǰ㡣

̫ߺ󡱣׼ʦ֣Ϻ˵Ķԣ˵Ϊﲻܴչ֣ȥĶռɽ󴨣ܱŴ˵غá
ǣ¶Ϊѵǣɽ֮ؾͲɽû𻵡ңǰأ
⡪
׼Ȼ֪ôشˡ
˺һᣬһǰô
ף׼˵֡˵ƣȥǰǰĿԶܸƶüƻġ
˵꣬ż׼ᣬŽˡ
̫ȴڿռУĸ˶ȥ˲֪䣬̫Ѿ׼Ϸһʶ
׼ΪǲֵܷģֻҪùħǾͿ԰һˡ
ң̫аסϾӡԼҲóʱպ컯֮Լ˻ԪԲΪ̫ÿУ



370 ͷȰ
ɽĽ׼ᡣ
ǰǰ𣿡
ǰ
ϵħ˵ٻ˵ôôͻˣĪʧɣ
ħ٩
֪ǰԭǰ֪Ц

˽̸ʱ̫˿ȻԼԤƵǰ㣬ѹӡֻһʶӰܱʶֲԼ׼µʶ
׼ħһħ˵ʲô뷨
ǰ׼ͽһ۵ã뿪˵أȥĶŨ˽ܵ飬ʦֵ˶ѸҲܸĴﵽǰ˵ҪҲðǰȳ
׼٩٩ԣԽ˵ɫԽÿеʧĸо
׼ڷ˲Ծʶͣˣǵǵ˵ǰ˵Ĳ𣿡
ߣ
һֱ
ʵ㣬˵Ѹٵǵʲô
סˣ
ǲ˵Լǰʮε飬ԸǿԶ𣿡ʵ
ʵ࣬˸оȷ˰
ߣĿ⣬ֱ޴
̾ϢϵǣҲ͸ǰʮĩβѣǺǰʮжĲ֮ࣿţȻȥŨ֮𣿵ȷǵȷ𣬵ǻ֣ᷢԤϵԶϵΪ֮ѾϵŬˣǽ·ֻܿԼˡѵǾûԼǰʮֻࣿǿռλöѣ鱦֪֮ϵľǡ

ħһ䣬ѵ
ЩҶҸǣ֪ΪʱΪĳܶҪںڸǣֻẦǣ֮ϵĲҶûǣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
˲ҡҡͷ
ʱΪñԴȼݣҪԵһǣʧȥһξ޴ĻԵ
׼ͽú𾪣ԭôԭǰȼձԴݷ֣ЩҪĽŲֻиһһЩܣֻ㣬ĽŲ£˳糵ûԵ
Ҫȫ˵ˣǽԵ
ԣǵһ֪ԭ֮ϻиߵľ硣
ͻΪΪﵽ˴޽ɣǺǰرĲ࣬ԭȻ˰
Щ鲻ǣΪǺãǵĸţ˵ʵһܴﵽԤƵĿģԣҪﵽĲΣֻƣֻܿԵǵĻԵǵãȻ˻ԵҪȥǶ
ֵȥ˶òҪˣǵĳɾͣһҲڵĲˣѵǲ֪ϵľѵǲ볬Խϵѵǲ֪𣿲֪ĵ𣿲롭

˺٣
ǰ룡
룡
˱ħĺ˷ܣһɿ
Ǿͷȥ뷨ֻǵĸֻҪ˵ϵ֤һİճԽϵħ϶˵
ȼձԴݣ򵥣Ѿֻǻѡ
ҪޱȵĿ϶ģһħԲ
ʶֵҪľǣػúǽʶϺ˵ģΨ⵽˾޴ƻһ£Ը⿴ȻǸµľ޴֮ǰ𶯺ͱըѵǻеڱһƬߵĵطúˣֵĻᡣ
˼ˡ
ǰʲôĸ֣
ضǵõϵĸ֣ͬĸ֣Ǳ˵Ҫ㡣οĸֳȫǣǻβܡ

ò˵Ȼϼ޻һ棬ν̫˶١
ֻ̫֪
ļһȻ̫˽ύһͷҪǻʱ̫ύһ
ƻ뷨̫ûȥ
û׼ͽҲбĴڳ֣׼ͽʺϵģ˵
οԼҪƻˣºˣܻҲİ취ϵѡ
ǲϵ˵ԲԲڹӰ£ᴦơ
߳壬Ҳ᲻ͣơ
̫Ѿܹ¨һˣϣϵԲ᲻ٲֺġ
ʱ򣬲ԼͺϣʵԼ뷨ʱ
ԼɵͻȰ棬ɵȰ棿
ܺŪ̫ơ
źϵˣ˺ϣȥ
˵ƻ˺ϵƻԼ㡣
ƻ׼ͽƻϵศɡ
ʶ̫ƻơ


371 һֻ
̫һ̽ȥˣﵽԤ̫Ҳˣؽ׼ͽ᳤ʱͣ˳Ѻռˡ
֮ǰѹһ鱦ɽĺʼ˳ʱıչء
Ǵ㲻ʥ
ʬնҪľǾʬϵˣֻҪʬϵʥռˣ˺ϵʥ
̫Ĵߴ٣Ƕ޲TĲģб뾡ʥɡ
ʬһѣһʱúһﲻչ
֤ʥǴ֮ܳ
նʬ֮󣬵б˲˼ľءȫΪ֧䣬ֻ˳Ȼ֮
ף˳Ȼ˲ͷʱճɻԪ޼̫ϴնʬ֮š
պԼƣԼնʬʥ󣬼컯ĺͽϵԼɾͻԪ޼ɵĵزԶһĻԪ޽ɡ
Ȼ֮ǿǼԴ컯Ϊŵӡ
Լ˺ϵˣʶܳһʥˣﵽʥ֮ϵĲΡ
ҪﵽǰΣҪԼʬһﵽԪ޽ɣҲʥ˵ĲΣ

̫ѣҲϵ˵ʱ䲻˵ѲϵʥбİŲɣ
ֹ̫޵ۣģָǲ˵
ʵ
̫Ѿ֪޲ˣֻû˵ʥܻѡ
Ҳ̫ұ֤ʶûж˵
ֻǶ˵ֻҪʥϻаţ㹻˳ģռصˡ
ʬһѣһٵĻ۲ɣϵҪʬһֻܵһĩˡ
̾˵
ҲãʱİٷϴˣħǺһַٵĿʼϵͲˣץչأʬһ˵
ᶨĿ꣬ʼıչأ
Ǻ˻ں̫üĺˣҲʼչء
ȡղһΣҲǻԪ޽ɵĵز
Щܱչغ󣬼ѹۣС겻ȷˣȫʧʱ
ŵʮĩǰʮĴܻζ˺εĸǶÿһʱ䣬ܻдζ
ֻǣǰʮǾûǸѡ
͵͵Ļζˣ󣬹ʶĻμ֪
֪ܶ󣬾Ȼһλ
ʱģ֮ǰǰʮεĴڣǲǴʱķ
ĽǵԸʹԸø԰
סԪ֮⣬ʣĶǲ֪ǰµģĹŤʹУǵΪԼǿĴˡ
ˣ֮ǰջʱǻˡԳƣľȻԳˡ
ѪڤӣݴѪһ˲ɿһء
ڤӳ󣬲Ѫ˽˵̣ѪΧĵ̣˭ҿ˭
ڣˣڤڤѪڤӲͷ
ڤӱֻԸʹȻû뵽ԼԽԽ֮󣬾ȻҲʼ
þ÷ִܵڤӣעԼĴʹ֮ԽԽǿˡ
ȻλܣϢ֮󣬺ܶܿʼģ
̫ῴ͵ʱһˣ˺ʼ֮ǰĻʳһ
˿̵Ĵܣ޷֮ǰ·ѡ
Ҳзеģ壬Ǿ͸ĵ͵ҲԿ
լеĴȾɽֵҲ֪ǲ
úܶ˿ʼˣʲôе´񡭡
ʲô̹ŴԪȻ¸ء
ȵȡ
֮ͱǴˡ
ڤӣԵԵͺһ˼סˣ֮ͲˣȻûʲôֵ¡
ò˵Ūˡ
ǰ㣬кģԪӣʵܶǲ֪ģϾħǰԪӻΡ
ʱѸʱЩ黹ûгļ˵ħС
֪Ԫӵĺ١
żȻĻᣬܶ鱾ΪȴǵһεģԶЦ˵һεĴԪӴֻǻ̫磬ǲ֪ټԪӴܵ͵û֪Ӻδԡ
ŻȻԭôﰡ
˺ϢĴˣ˾֪ĸо
ںĵԪӣĪķ֣ԼȻ׳ˣо˼顣
е㵣ģԼͷ˲ˣ
Ͼ죬Լ˶˲٣Ԥʾʲôˣ
Լˣ˾ˣȻͲˣܼȴֺܸӵ飡



372 Ԫ
ڶһۼĵط
ֻһɴ
Ҫ˵Ե͵ĴʵŮ洴ҲǵۿͶʴҲ档ۿͶλڵǿգǿƵ͵ʵ˾ĺԶҲһԣʵҲйءģ˽ܵ飬ҲٵĵطԶĴΪ֪ǲǾãλϣǿĴڣ
˵꣬͵ͷ
ȻȻǿģҲĴ񡣡
ȷݴ䶯ģҶ֪

˵Ŀ϶ǽɴЦˡ
Ƕˣʵһ䶯ĵĴ񣬲ǲǵġ
˵꣬һ㶡
ôܣ
ǰ
ǣ
ǽɴЦˣǣǵһ𶯵ԪӴ񲻹Ǻ߶ѣǡ
ɴЦĵʱ
Ȼһƽƴһﻹδǣ͵һݣһΣкȻ١
ǻûӦʱ

˭
¡¡
һСɽĨƽˣղŻ۷׷׵飬̼ɢ
ʱ
ܣǺαأһ϶ѣ˵ˡ
ǰ磬һС˵ˡ
磬ܡѵûҵ˽˺ܶ࣬ļһĴ˵ֵûԪǿһʮʮ٣½ôΪˣߣ⴫ҥԵϣҪɢǵΨһ³
һ̾Ϣֻһϵһˣһ˴
塣
ԭԪӵ֮˲ϵ½
Ϊͨ첻мΨԭʼޱȵдɱԪӵ뷨
زһ㣬ҪĻ˹غǵΪԭʼ
ˣǽɴĴֱԭʼˣʶ˴˿̵ľ档
˵Ҳɡ
һĻԪҲˡ
̫˵˽ܵ飬ʶԪ̫̽Ϣʦ˵˽֮ܵء
ϲˣԼĴˣԼ˲ϵ
ɣǽɴĿ̸ԪӺ΢פһ¡

ԼˡʱһﱾҪΪԼṩߵС˾ôˡ
ҿ˵Ͻ̸ԼϲĻǺԼˡ
ԪӶ˸о̹ܲŴԪŽύһû뵽

Ǳ棬λоСɰ
һŭȻĶС
͵һ
ԪӼֶ̳̫Σ崫кܶ࣬ԪӲ٣ΪΪָ̫㣬Ԫӵֶˡ
ʶûз
˭
ηС

͵һ֪俿ǣеԾ
ԪӻӿɫƵĿˡ
ͬԾĿԪӣȻ͸˵Ϊ˵˵Ϊ˰
ǵ˹½ָ֣˻һͲǼ򵥵
Ѻˣصʵι͵ֵܵĽ̸Ե޹ָˣ

ԪȴЦˣкǲм̹ŴԪ
̫ԼʧˣȻߵڰףȻ㲻ҪƤ
ߣƶԪӣ
˵ֳ꣬Ϊ֮һ
㡪
ԪӡѣͨԪӵǺԸʹȻȻ
ߣƶԪӵλӦþѰɣȻʹԵһ㲻񣬵Ǻƶʧ
ԪﲻƣȻﲻƵɡ
⻰˵꣬ˣӦԼ˸ղŵΪȫԪӿˣʶô˵
ͨеΡ
ΨԭʼŭڳԣԪӡ
ԪЦˣ㣬еοʤ֮ɡС޹ȻĨɱͬ
󵨣
ԭʼŭˣӵǻû˸ǳԼԼˣҲûȨ˵
ʶԭʼȻֱӼƽȣƵ
򣡡
ԪӶˣû뵽ô𱬣
֪ưոݣû뵽ô죬˵ʹˡ
ĺøУ˲䵽ֱͣӻΪɽύ֮ˣǳˡ
Ԫû뵽ͨӶû뵽ҪһɱʹɱˣǱǻҪ绯εԪӰ
ܣ磩ôô³ç
Ҫֹʱ򣬺Ȼһԭʼ˵ĴԪС
磬ܣȴɱԪӣô˵ʱ֡


373 ԪӰ
Ӻͨ͵һԭʼĴ˶һۡ
˿̣ԭʼѾԪӽˣ˶˴֮ˣһνֺԭʼʱһԪӵ;Ȼ˴磬Լڴǣûѹ
һԪӣ򣡡
ƽƽ˸â˺ʱһ㣬ǹâ־޽ģֻԭʼнһҡǽâնԪӡ
úá
ԪӷԭʼҲ򵥣ֵȫԶԣֵһԻء
ԪӶеڵĸоԼǿ󣬵ҲԵֿ˰
Ԫû뵽ԭʼ㱩ңΪһ˻͡
Ȼˣԭʼûѵ߳ŭ
ֻʱԪеطǧĽâ滨һǵ⽣âƽľ޽ȥ
䡪
ֻ˽ֺನصܶȥһʱԷâǾͱըƽƣΧɽʱˡ
ǵطĺâƽƵƲ
ˡһӺͨҲæرܡ
ͨӣԭʼ˼ԿóһȫԸĽ֣ԭʼ˴
һԪӣܡѾӣʱҵ˳ֵĻᡣ
ҿʱ壬Ƿֱ֮ʱ˵ղغ͵̻ԶԶĲ㡣
ΨõóֵģԪһ̫Ԫһ̫Ԫһ⣬Ҳӵ籦ǿˡ
ǿڷڹҲǰ㡣

ֻѸٵʩչ˿ҵֶΣ籦һʱѸٵıϿʼת־޴ĹȦס塣
һ˾Ͳ¹ˣԷֶԸԪˡ
ͨܲԸͶ綼ˣֻҲʼſơ
ãֵкͣ
˷ſƵʱԪӲ㱣ˣֻѸټ˵顣
ֻǵֺƺĴһǵ鿴ƲۣĸоȻǵ籦
һ㱣ͬʱоԪӹȻͬ졣
˺Ԫ̵ּʱֵܳ׵ۺˣ˶ûԪһ˸ԣ֮ӵ˸оˡ
һԪӣȻԵ񣬽ֵĸС
ϻ˵Ҫʹ򡣡

㣡
һʱ䣬˵ĶԾʼˣԪΪˣ˵ϣԪӶемܲ˵ĸо
ܣǵħ֮ٺ󣬳ֵսˡ
ʶ˵Ĵսһʱ䶯һ
ÿµĴս˭
Ȼǿ󣬲֪˭
˽ܵ飬ʮһٽǧԪϴʱ鱾ԴǳʱҪ٣ʶʱĺĶ˷ٵơ
鿪ʼ׷׻Σʶ˵Ĵսһڵ鶼Ӧˡ
ǣǻصƣֻԶۣȴҿ
ǵһ˶սˣĸ֣Ȼ
ǰ˵ͨͷҲһ鱦Ȼǿ󡣡
㿴ǽķ̫ǿˣǵ˲̶ȵĹܱǽķס鱦
ǵ˵ĺɫ¼Ҳƺǽ㿴˵ĹҲ¼ȫס𣿡
һ˵ͷֹϸ¼ƺӵƺԴԴϵĵԴȪֻҪϾͲƿ治֪Ǻεȵ
ǲ֪λǺˣ

˵ĴսΧ̾ΪֹҲľ
Ԫָ̫㣬ֶͨβôģǺͨûдеġ
һΣԪȻвԼ̵Ĵܡ
̴ͨʹоͿóԼĴԴʦ̫һһ͡
ƺҲ򵥣˺ԿԼҲܿ򵥡
˵ԪԼ˽ԼĶ̰壬Ķʱ佻Լˣʱ䳤Լ̫ˣǲİˣԼᱻ˵ֻܡ
ͬ𺳣һûӵĶ֣Ҵǰ飬ǸǳģֶθٵúܣеԴԸ
ΣԪӼֱǵ룬Ϊ˵ۻҵֶͨΣҪûǿĴǲŵģԪӹȻ򵥡
ܣܣҹζ࣬ȫԸӼܲ
ʶϣʩչǿֶΡ
ν˲ͬΪ̹Ԫ֮ʶϵһó
ȣ
ֻһȣԭʼͨ˲仯һԪʱһǿɢ
ãȻдڵĲΣΣˡԪһ
̫޳ֻǴţ಻
ֻڵػǲǴֵʱ
Լ޳ڶ壬ھǳڣԼǹ£򲻿ܶԿ
˵˵鱦籦ǿѾĨƽ鱦Ĳࡣ
ԪӵһγˣޱǿΣС
Ȼ
ԪӣһУ

һ޴ķ޽ɾǷıƴʶȥƺƻҲ
ĶԿƲۣһΡ
ʶ޽ɵĶԾйԣҲǿƻ
飬
ԪӲҴ⣬ȫķ
κΣ
͡
չľУǿķȻԪˡ
ݣԪӶ˵ǿѹסڵѪʼɶ
ܺܶκαҪ
οԼս壬ѾŬˡ
Ԫӣܣ
ҲܣǵĶѣԪˡ
ʶ˴׷ȥܴɱԪӣѾгˣȫɱУǲ޴

˵˭һ֪ˡ
˻
ԭԪӴ񣿹ֲǿ󣿡
ֻǣôˣ֣
ԪӴΣˣֻˣҲ֪ô
Ҳ˲֪Ԫ˭Ŵ˴εĴս֪ˣ֪һԪӴ
һʱĶʼӿˣһʱĳţֻصĴʱ

ȴ˵Ԫӣһ·ɶݣȴƶᡣ
һμ֤ԪӵͣԪӷɶݵͣⱣͣҲǿװ
ԪӣҪҪĹ£ӶѸٵĽ״ڣ˺ѸٵĴɱ塣
ÿÿ뵽̫УĥһԪᣬȰѵ˵
ʶԪ±׷ɱȻûõ¡
еķŭ֪ǵһ㶪ҲԼʦ˵ڲ
ȻʲôʦЦóǺóƺ
ʦԼҪżĥģʶ
ʦ˵ԼճʱҲ¹ܶĴҲ޴ֱ۽ˣΪ˴óҲǴиԼֵĵ
Ͳ򵥣ԼȫԱ˴ֵģûסʶˡ
ɵãΪԼû뵽Ҳ򵥡
ǽȻĿԼĵ飬ƺеĹܺ籦һ
Ǳܹǿڹ컯ĹǴֹ˵Ĺͷסˡ
ԪӾе飬Ҳˡ
籦𾪡

ЩҲãҪ˵׷ɱźá
Ԫһݣΰ׷ɱ
Ȼ
Զһ󷨳˲߳һ۵ϵ
ϵЦʵԪӵѣ
ǣԪһ㶣



374 ԪӺͺƣ
ʵѵţ
ƶƣ
Ԫһ㶣˵ϾǰʮĴܾдˡ
ΪΣԪʵ
ǰƶһ𡣡Ц
Ǻ˸оǺ˵ʣʶԪѯǵ񾭲Ťͷߡ
ѿ֪ƶڵĴ
һЦȻ֪ʵϵй˸߰ĺܣϵмǰŵһ˺˾޳ܵ׷ɱѣʶ
һͺԪˡԼȥĵѺö׷ɱ
ĺˣԪӶʱˡ
̹ٵ״̬ϱеĸӦԪӾȻˡ
лѡ
Ǻǣ޷

ףȻʧˣԪ˹µȻˣ
׷ɱ˵ʱˡ
ǵĺ幥Ԫˣ֮׷ɱԪӣҲǵԪӵġԪϣʶ˿׷ѰԪӡ
ԪӺȻʧˣˡ
ǣ
ӵԪӷȥҪǲڱҵ֪̽ĵط
ô죿
һ㶣ϵҲް취ֻʱͨԪǲûջС˺ĴܣֵҲúúñչˣﵽ޽ɵػĵزĲء
ֵֻҪΪȥˣԪΣһмʱ򡣡
ԭʼͨһ㶣˺󲻸ĵĵ˵ͷ
ֻˣ
ߣ´ټԪӣɱ
߰ɣ

뿪ڻƶԪ˿
˺ǳϿҵĸлһ棬ϾƼˮԼҵմƵѹȻཻ
лѡԪӻ׵
Ǻǣ޷޷ƶԪĽѾãյüʵˣ
ˣǸмƵѣõƽմȾ
޷ᱲ֮ңھͿɣ޷޷
⣿ԪӲ٣治⻹治
˼Ŵƶ
ֻɣݣͦͦ񣬷βӣ׵ı̲ݣŹŹֵֹĹ¹Ѿ档ʯɽƴССķ
ٹߡϸЩַĽӰͽֻ
뵵׵ϼԶԲƵ˫˫Хա
ˮ飬εδŮйʣԲϷб
Ԫʦ˵춴أԼׯϸ˵ǣԼԵʣǰ㣬Լׯʵƽ
һμεȸ춴أԪҲеĽˡ
ѣΣƺԪӵ̬ʶʵ
ϡе֪ʮ죬ʮأƶ֮һɣԪЩ˵ɡʦ˵ġ

ЦˣѺüʶȷʮ죬ʮءƶƶ츣֮ס
˻
ԪĳԾˡ
棿Ԫʡ
Ҹһ¡ԪӺǳԾʣʶһſһЩƺ
ֻһľȥǵϸӵԲתˡ
⣿⣿Ԫ𺳵˵
ףƶӣѺüʶ
Ԫû뵽ƵѣȻӵ˶츣ء
û뵽ԪӣȻ֪
Լвŵ֪ģüԼƶĴС
𾪺ԪӵѹȻԴӵ츣֮ף
ЦЦ
һ̸󣬲ŻĵС
Ե֣Ķ֪ˣ֪ΪΣϲȰԺܡ
˵ԪӲεĶԺ˵һ飬ƶû뵽徹Ȼ˱ɣ޹ɱС˵߳ŭƶ֣κϵʵվƶ˿࣬ǺƵѳȣ»Ҫ˾ȥ
ʱüˣʵ棿
һԣ

ƺȻЦˡ
ϵϲýύѣżҪύһκΣһ̾˶ϵ֮Ը񣬿ǲϲ¶һɿϵ̬ϵǽύĴ㡭֪˴ս˺Ѳˣȴ׷ɱʱϵйҪύͷû뵽˭Ҳ˵׼Ѿˣʶ
һͺ˶ˣԭһ顣
˺󣬺ԪڴˣԪҲûƴǡ
ԭ켣кáѡˣȻˣò˵ĺܡ


375 £
ԪӵĽսȴúĶ˵졣
һʱ۷׷ףֿԪӣҰԪӻ˵Ϣڶһѡ
磬壿ֹʡ
оԵģԪӣȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ȻǺѽܡ
ôԼͬԴ壬Ȼ㲻أ
飬ҪԪ̫˵
ҵҲһˡ
꣬ʮһλܵãǾ
磬ҾÿС
磬ǿУǵĸʼ̹ŵ뿪
ǰ硣

һʱ۷׷ףɽ˸ɽ͹ˣǰĴҵȲԪ޷ġ
ţ˵öԡ
֪óȥˡ
ңҪЩһĴֻҪ̹߳ŵ̽һΧͿɡ
ʶǾˣҪȥˡ
ôɣ
ڽ״޽ɵꡢսˣ̤˼ʵĵһ
Եħ֮ͻصɽ˺˿ʼıչء
ҿ½ѹĴ裬ǵõ˺ܺõĴУٽ˽ᣬ֮Ѹٵͻơ
ǰʱ䣬ʮλܳʱӦˣϤʱˡ
½ѹһѵ˺ٵĲпе㵣ˡ
֮ǰļƻԺģ齨ԼʶٵĲпͿ£˲پһˡ
Ҫ괦ĻǵıҪޱȵĽȥĲֻһס
׵걻ġ
˵˵һ
ɺܼ˵ģ׵ڴһ١
ô˵ʶٵĲп˶齨Լܵǣеʹ˷ĸо
Ծϵʱ죡
˭Ϊɽ
Ȼһȴˣ˶ʱһл۵ľ飬Ѹٵİ׼
ϸһ۶ʮ֮Ȼˡ
ףڲ³çֹףڡ
е㵣ǵģ̫˵ΪǲԪԵʣܻܴܵų⣬һҪ
ʶȻˣǴ޲εˣҲ뿴Ƿ̫˵
ʣλʮףȻͷеȡ
ǰзԵļƻˣʮ׵ʱȻобķʽ
ǰͶʮ׺սսص̬ȣܾ塣
˵ʮ³ܲңãֻҪԼܲȥ˵Сµջ񡱡
ʶһ󵨵ļƻлȡ
ǣĳƺȴʮˡ
ʺΪףʵǳƺҵʮ𣿡
ֵΪ磬λѵţ
ˡ
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⣿
ɣΪ˴硣ɼĵˣѸٵĽӹ˻⣬ָ⨺֮ܣս
һѻµĵܣꡣ
Ҳˣ㵱ǲǣôˣĵأ
ȿȣ
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ѯʵĵ۽Ҳˣ룺ѵҵô󣿾Ȼ˭ֻң
۽ܲ
ʮܣ۽ʼˣôô³çƺӻʹ
ʮܣȷ˳ʵ
ߣ
ףŭˣ鷳ģ˺һʲô
ףڣ
ףڸҲסףڡ

ܲɷ֣Լĵܽ첻æдԵĵܣôˣʮλ޸ְȻǵϢţ֣ôأǴ޵ڸǲˣҪ㲻Ҫ³ç
ȿȡˡ
Լղŵȷ³çˣԼΪΪ޷Ͱ
ЦЦʮλѵĴųʱжţһֱλţ֮£ƶһμλѼˣǺǡ
״ε˵
ôһͺöˣҲСˡ
ֻ˫໥Ǳⲻ˵ġ
ȴĬˣʼղŵĶԻϢ
룺ǡסƺѡýͣӦǻûиԼбһĳƺΨ۽Сģ˴ܲ

λ֮ΪʵףλȴĪλ˻֮飿еԥʡ
ΪȴһûУܲѵǰʮεģ˵֮ǰʹڵ顣
ڽӴ̫֪ĸ࣬ʶǺܵ͵ǰ¡
𣿡ɲ֪ôش𣬷һó̸ǻ۵ĵܡ
˿ڻָˣʶӹĻ



376 
˵ˣֵȴûλˣ˻޾²д˳ɾͣʶԡ˵
Ŷԭ
ͨһ̸ĶԱ˴˽һȻǳ֮ģ֪ĸࡣ
ʮλƺһϵͬʵ
֮һ𾪣ԼûԪᱻԶ
ǵģ̫ʱ޲࣬ҲԪ񣬺ԪǱز٣֮ǰҲġɺȻӻ˵
𾪵ͬʱͨ۲˵ı飬ƺ˺ܶࡣ
ԶŵĴڣܽԼȲԪĴڣǲ֪ʱĴܣôԴԼˡ
ȣҲ̽һ̫šԶŵܣʶô̸ֽһ顣
İɣǿʼĽˣ֮ǰǰ㽣ˡ
ԭλ磬ҵ˵
ǺǣҲãʮλѵ񣬻ξΪҵĽҲ˵λ̹Ŵĺᣬɷ˰

ǣĻ˵ĺܸˣľǸ񣬵ᵽ̹ţҶ̹𾴵ģǾԵúС
ΰӹɣǼȻ˸ѪȻҲҪ̳иĽΰҫڸֻãɽ
⻰˵꣬Ƕ˵ͷ
귢һ棬䲻֪ô˴硣׵ĸıܳԾ
Ҫĵ͵ǻ֮˴죬Ǿصԭ켣ǰ㡣
˿һ󣬾Լļƻо޴ĺô
Լеǰ߰ǰ³çǰĲʶʱ׵Ľֻǻһһ

λѿ֪ǿȻ뵽̫ʶʵ
λǺѰɣеСǺﰡԼлȴڽ̸ˡ
ǡ
֪ʵǿΪΣʣʲôǿ󣿡

һ㶡
Ը̹ʵףʣλѿ֪һλǰ̫𣿡

һ㶣һһ¡
ô֪ģʣԼҵԵĵطˣ׵ı仯Ǻ͵йء
ǹ֪ϲˡ
ǳһΪ̽ģ˽ģΪ˴̫̽Ϣ
𣿡˵Ȼ뵽˲ǰ½ѹǵָ㡣
ǵ½ѹ˵һЩﲻҪ˵ǵ֣Ϊ˵ʱͻӦ
һȴ˳Դ˵пޣǶ˵ܾΪ˵
ԣһЩܲ˵춨֮
˵ݴ˿ٵؾʹڵĴܣֻ˵ѡ
ǿƺλû˵ʵ
øղŵĺø˲ûˡ
Ūúƣò׽ĸ飬ΪһŪûˣȻȻ˵ⲻֻһ¾ˡ
ʶ̾ϢλѣЩ鲻˵˵˻Σգϣס
Ȼ˵֮ˣ˵
ǺǣҵðˣȻˣʹ˱ˡ
ҲãҵȾڴ˲Զĵطʱҵȶݷλѡæ˵
ò׺еϵˣܾôɢˣغԼ˵ļƻ
ӭӭ

˺˷ֿˣ˼뿪ġ
صɺǲĵΪκʮ㽻ƺмƻһ
ĵܣǲʲôƻʵ
Ǻǣλ硣
ҹʮ˴֮ˣΪϵҪȻãʱʲôɣʱٻţʱˡϵעôʱĴܶȻķк͵ӡǣʮ̹ŴĺᣬעдˣôǵĻˡȻעҪһϲĵ·Ҫǻ

һ㶡
һᣬս⨺ҪңǾˣ֮ûİ취
ףɺȻĵĪ˵ϣǺҵȵϵһǺǺ˫кô޵ǶԴõĲ࣬ǿԡ
һ˵Ըˣæʵĵܣ˵Ŀɶԣǲ


377 ޲T
ǺǣλȻЦֻҪǺϣȻҲǳе࣬أֻҪ׬ȡôУԱȻٵģʮעһ
Ȼûɺս˶ŵġ
ףĵ֮ŸĵܲԿġ
ãȻǾͲܴˣҵԼ̫ѣ˵еרǰǿԸű׬ȡôںǵ֮ԵԼ½ѹǰϣҲΪҵȣֻҪΪﵽĵ˵׼ʥǾͿңˣҲɵֻصĳʱס
չеŬΪף˵ֻػ֣ҪǱתҪ׼ʥĲΣԺеĿĶ׼ʥֻء
ҲǱϲᣬϲԵôĲԭ׾ִ
İɴ磬ֻҪǺʮ˸ùϵǺǣֻغ˵ĺܡ뵽˺ĴڣȻ

صǣһۡ
ôƺԶŵĴڶûпǲ֪ҵͬĸôʵ
ڤһ磬ҸоѲ򵥣֮ǰǾ͸оԣҵȵ۹ܣţô˵أоǵĿܸӣƺǡסʲôģǿʮһãƺһԵľͰĽĸо
ףǡûڤ۲ϸֹȻˡ
᲻Ǻ˽⣿ǲӦðյԴ
Ҳ˵ôˣ˵һݷҵȣ˵ǲǼʡ
ʵʵĲǼ򲻼ҪҪһֱӾܽӡ
𣿡
ţ
ȫƾ⡣
һǾһֺηȻʮ˲ˣвͼıǴɱ˲ǲܡǣܽģҲãλϵĴڣܶǴܴĺô
ţ˵öԡ
ͬ

ǣ˸мƻǶʱһ޷

ںĴܷ׷׳׷׷ʶʱһ̤ħͷڴ֮ǰлָˡ
ʼįȻҪǣˣԲԼݣҲú̫ˡ
ħͷ޲T
֮ǰ˵һϵеļƻɹˣкܶ覴ôڣ֮ǰ̸鲻ڿˡ
Ҫһ´ǰĲ㣬Ϊɺϡ

ħ򣬱ѵħۣׯصĴȻȥĻþС
ֻ޲Tһħħƾһ㣬֮ڣ޴ڵħͷ޲Tһƺҵˣȫƺȴ
ں׵ںˡ޲Tĸһ¡
֮ǰԱ޲T˺ħ
۵һ׼õġ
һͱ𻵣˺ԴۣǷ¾޴
޲TȻԴǷ¾޴׼һС
ֻҪ̫ԴԴҲ޷ײٿ
ˣ޲TʱǺɵġ

֮ǰ˰ֽţӦ̫ˡߣ޲Tݺݵ˵
̫޵û˿İ취
˺ԣ̫ҵ鷳Ҳˣɱħ򡣵治𣬻˵ΪоҲ̫
֮ǰң̽飬Ҫ̽һ£ǲ̫ġ޲TҲҿ϶̫ġ
֮ǰҲ̽飬ʱǿˡ
һݺ޲TȻ¶Цݡ
һ̫˵֣֮һԭԪӵСģãõĺܰѵ̫ѵСɣԪӣԭ̫˵ĵӡ
޲Tһɱĵӣҿ̫ô
޲Tһݺ󣬺Ȼ·֡
ֻüˡ
ףǺˣôͱо޴
޲Tǿʵ컯ĲƬȻԪӻǺɵġ
Ȼ˺Ԫһĺơ
֣ҲԼо޴޲Tˡ
һݺ󡭡
ףȻ˲дıԴ֮ǰ˵Ĳ㣬û뵽ȻˣصһƵõлңǺǣƵиԴ淢ˣĺ˵ͷˡ
޲T֣һڻָƣһڱչ֮оˡ
ֻ޲TһĹüֻĹ⴩ħԪӺͺƶȥ


378 ħ
Ϊħ޲TֶθˣϢĿֵ
Ҳȱ㣬ǾܶԼΪˣֻ£úͶħΪͬĲΡ
Ҳ˵޲T¹һɵĴ˵նɱնɱָֻʹɲεħȥǴ
ƺԪ˴޲εΪʶ޲Tֻܶô޲εħȥˡ
ʤأħûʲôסǣƿصĵط
򣬲ģֻҪħ𣬶޵г֡

ڱչػָԪӣȻһ㤣֪Ȼ֣Լħˡ
ʦΪԼ˲Ҳָоȴ룬׷ɱ֮ãʦ
ħӰ£ԪӲ֪䣬Ȼʼ˰գԼ̫ˡ
ħĿƣνħ޷޷𣬳ûһ˿͸顣
ֻҪ飬չ˭㲻ħϮ
ġ̰ִԹȶħ
ħһֱڡͻȻ䡢ԳɳˡҲĥˡ
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ϸ˵ħҲķ֮棬ȥħһ֡
ħޱȵĿ£ˣһһ˱ħƿأҲ˵޲Tƿˡ
ǰħҲ̫ҪԽԽǳħȻӦʱ
̫ǣԼһֵȫҪħһҪ飬̫
˺ǳ㯺ҵ̰Լ·ϲٵǳ
ʶҪħĿ飬ʤƿ㯾ʧ˱ħɴӶɢ
һֿ飬ԸԽԽǳ˵кôġ
ûпԶ֪ƿġ桱ʶħɢֻҪһɹˣǾ޴
˵ħԸǳкôģһܱ֡ܿŤ
Ԫӡ
һףΪκʼղǻԪԲֻлԪ۵󣬲ŻԲκħϮ
׼ʥɱ⣬ԭնʬվ߽ݾնϣ̫ҵȫƿ͸
ԣֻҪûᡰģܵħҲ˵ħ޲TϮ
ǽĻӦʱһ¹
ֻȥſɣȥĿǰһơ
ԣԪӼû㣬̫ġйأ޲TƣСС޽ɾȻġ
ԪӶԼĲ̫Σ޲TΨһֵĵطǽΣԪӵħ֪׳ˡ
ʦԡ
кã磿
䡪
޲T˷ܵۿҪƿԪӵʱ򣬺Ȼһɫ̨ˡ
ֻǰɫ̨ʥɨһ⣬ϴԪӽҪħɵԪʶ

һĲҽУȻԪӵԪз
ȣ
͵ѵԪӣʱһ亹Ȼ֪䣬ѾħϮ˶̶ȡ
ҪʦİԶĻסǾķϴ񣬿һᣬҪħƿˡ


ֻǰѸסԪԪеһźڰǺڰϵر任ɶħɸ󣬴˺ǰʥ⣬һϴʧˡ

̫ȻİȻʮƷİ
޲T˲ˣ̫ǰԼļƻ֮ǰΪֻ̫ǶʮƷģû뵽ʮƷİ
ңǰֱԼħĿǣȫѹƵĸо޲Tޱȵơ
ҪԼ֣ܳԼħ֮棬ƻĵħԪӵֶζȥˡ
ܳڣȴǰסˡ
޲TɣǰڹķԼ֮ǰƵħԪӿ첻еʱų֣ΪĥԪӡ
޲Tе衣
ǣ¶ˡ
ѺԪӣһĺ£ҲˣԼ군ˣǰĿ֮£ΪĥԼԵһʱû֣Լ˲ų֡
Ԫһˡ
û뵽ԼЩʹǱħɵ֣ǺΡ
˺ܶ࣬г˺ڰϻָղħˣ붨ˡ
Ȼ
Ԫӷ֣ԼĶˣ붨ħϮƵо򵥡
ԣ֮ǰʦ˵ĥģʦĸоȵħ֣ħ̫ңЩⲻԣΡ
Ԫоˡ
ңֻҪ붨ħϮ˵޹ؽҪˣħƿأ
ԪӺȻ亹оԼ¶ˡ
ǣһ²ˡ



379 Ƶþ
Īƶ˶ˣ򲻿㣿ħħĿ飬˿ƿأֻ޲TħˡǰʦƻļƻѲûҪ˷ˣƶ
ԪӲ붨ˡ
һ붨ϸħϮ˲뵽˺ܶࡣ
˵ʦָ㣬ƶȻûдﵽʦ˵ĴľԲƶĵһֱʦҲģ˵ʦڵĵе̳ǲľȴӶħġˣ޲Tħơ
Ԫӿ϶ˡ
ղŲ֪ЩħɣҪǰķ˵޲Tˡ
֮ǰûħ£ξ֮ˣֱʤЩ˵
ңԼƺˣֻҪ붨ħϮħڰķ²˵ԼǲŹԼ
ԪӾã飬ԶԼԸ㶨ģֻϵʦˡ
ҲգȥͺƵ˵һ˺ϵʦҲûׯˡ
ԪѸ˾
޲TȴеƣƻʧˣǰķԼԪôˡ
ߣһӲ붨ȥ̫ˣãҵ̫˸ҲΪҪ̫ĵߣɡ
޲Tǲ̫ģǲ֮
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ţһ᳹׵Ĵ̫̫ΪԼ°ܽ
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Щɾ޲TҲˣܿƵסΨ̫ʹ죬ͿƲס
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ء
ںûֵ£ֻĵϿʼĻɢ
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ԪӺȻˣһ£ֺϢƺҪʧˡ
ҪɢĸоԪӲԥˣѸٵĴ˺Ƶıչ֮ء
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壡
Ԫ˲ˡ
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˺ʼ԰˵ħħͷ׳ʳ
ֻҪ㹻ħͷ԰˵кܴĺôġ

ǧһ䣬ѹסħ󣬺ƵԪƿ塣
˺һãȻԼϢĿԣЩҪ˻ԵӺһС
ѣлԪӵѳȣ򡭡Ͽҵ˵
ĪҪ˵ˣסԪĪҪչأЩҩȷ¡
ãҲԥԥ˷ʱ䡣
Ԫӵĵҩ󣬺סĵϺԪ񣬵ͺ¡
һлȴлԪĲɡ
˵ԵɣҲ뿪ҪԼ˵Լ뿪ٱħƿ˿ô죿
ԼҪ˵ˣǾ˵ƺ޲TûҪˣˡ
ֻܴʦˣ򣿱ԪѸٵǶע⡣
ʱǰڳ׵ħƺԲһЩò˵һｵһɻĪħȴǰġʳ
޲T
ûмıԪȥЦһѾ̫ˡ



380 ԪŲ
νԪɣʵ˸֮Ĺ̡
ԪоŲ㣬ΪޣʮΪԲԻԪоŲ㡣
˺ĻԪ޽Ϊƿأ˸ƿأƿر֡
ʱ̫ΪԪɾŲ㣬Ϊ֮ļޣǵʮ㣬ҲƿطĿʼ
ֻǽƿؾݺˣԻԪɺͻԪ޽ɵĲ
̫˴޵ĸǲһֵ֮ӣ˺֮ӣ֮ڵķȡΪã˳ڴ˸
ڴ֮У̫Ӱڽ֮ϣ嫵Ĵ֮Ӳı䣬ޱ޼Ϻô
뿪̫Сиѡһؾʹ˱չ
ǻԪɾŲĵزΨһҪľǸԪ޽ɵľ磬˺Ϊ
ѣ
ʱ̫ԪռУѾٵ޴ͨӴ֮ӣ֮ӵķ̫֮ĸԪռ䡣
̫׵ƿ֮Ԫռ佫̫Ϊһǡ
һռΪԪ޽ɵ֤֮·Ԫռеһ飬ǿһռġʶ
̫Ҫ֤Ԫ޽һڻпһռ䣬ԪռеԪռ䣬˺ںϽٵ硣
˺Ԫġ顱ǿٳеġ
һ̫̫ϲһռ䣬鷳Ȳ˵ҪǷռ䣬ݱ򣬸οܳʱ̤ġ
̫ȥпһռ䡣
ĴԼ̫ںϣԼԪռġ顱Ϊ̫ʶ
迪һʱգҲ֤Ԫ޽ɡ
Լ̫˴٣߷ۣԶԼٵĿռҪǿҲҪǱ
̫ԼΪԼƿ˽飬ֻҪ׵ںϺ󣬾һ
ǽ̫磬̫粻ǽ顣
˵ǽ˻飬̫粻ϵĽ顣
Ҳ˵̫绹Ϻ̫Ž鲻ںδȥ
һͺñһ磬ġʶԼƿغʹãԼԽһӳԪ޽ɵʵ
ڻпһʱһ
̫㣬ԼߵڶֻҪԼԪ޽ɵľ磬ԼԪռеġ顱ᵮ
˺ԼԪеġ顱ںϽ̫磬̫ΪԼٵʱա
鷳ȥпһ磬Ҳ趯ҪԼٵĿռ
ֻҪԼѽţʱ޿̲ڸ
Ͼƿһǿ󣬵ֻ·ϵһѡ
Ԫ޽Ҫ˸ҲҪԪ޼ɣǾҪһʱˡ
Ϊ޼޼Сһָһ֮
Ҳ˵Ԫ޽Ҫ磬޼ȴҪ뼺
չҪǿٵ뼺β迪٣ֱƿ̫أʡ˲Ҫ鷳ܸڡ
ο޼Ҫ磬ԼбԴģ޼ɣںϱԴʱ
ʱ̫绹̫磬ԼҪںϣֻҪԴͿɡ
ʶ̫ľǣȥп磬ƿ̫硣
̫Լļƻ
ȻھһԶҪľͻƾ硣
ֻҪͻˣֻҪ絽˻Ԫ޽ɣԼԪռе齫ᵮʱԼͿɻ̫ˣԼ̫ںϣܽĻԪޡ

̫󣬻ķſʶ붨˹
ǰһĻȴ̫һ㶣һ΢΢һЦ
ԭ붨֮ǰ̫ǺȻиģʶһطͱչˡ
ˣ̫˵ûʲô󷨣ֻ˭ͼı죬ԼѸٵ˵ԼļͻסԼˡ
̫󣬷һȺСΧԼǶԼԶΧһȦץıչ
ԭ̫չصĵط̫ΪǿչظĵϺҲһʱճΪ춴ء
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Сˣǰǰǲ˼ĴܣʶԾػ̫˳̫ĺô
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ҲˣСԼнʱ򣬾ٻ˺ܶѡ
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̫ûԼ꣬ɷ磬Լչһ󣬼Ȼ˷Ҳϧ˭òá
СܼԼҲһָԴ
˵ˣ̫ȲΣ֡ϡȫûҪҲš

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381 
뵽һ̫еԥˡ
ȷ봫»εĵ鷳ʱΣ治ֵı¶Լ
ϾҪռ֤ԼҪͣҪ˴ʱܵ۽磬Ⱥʱûȥǿô졣
Ͼϵϣġ
ֻкϵԲֻԲˣԼܺͺ򲻷ֺûơ
ʶ̫ԼŪ̫䶯ǾͲˡ
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̫ԥȻ뵽̫ĵ
԰һЩ˺ǷںĸأһͲҪô鷳ĴˡֻҪѵʱŪöһ㣬˺½ƣ˭ŪߣһܴﵽԤˡ
̫˲뵽˰취
Լ̫Ūõǰ㣬Լ鱦ֶΣֻҪѹʯϣ˺Լ½ƣʹʯɱƻŲͿɡ
ʱһЩֱڲͬĵطʱƶúܶ۲쵽
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֮ǰܶ黯κ󣬾ͺѸı䱾ˣǵ˴޵ĲΣʱ»Ρ
֮µ飬ֻֻܱκӣ֪֮ˣΪ͵Եʣ³ǵ˴޽ɵĲΣֻܱ֡
̫֮ǰҲû취ŻԪɵԲѾܸԼľ͸»κĲ񣬵ȻԸݴ˹ĳΪ֮塣
ʶ˻ι̫¼˱ι
ֱ̫˸֣εĹСԴһ塷εĹСԴ塷
ԴһΪ֮֮ԴͷʳơԴһ塷
ԴΪع鱾ԴһĲҲԸһĸı䡣
Դһ塷򵥣ǡԴ塷ȴѵöˣı仯
ϾѾ͵ٴθı䣬ѿ֪Ҳо޴ĺô˵⡶Դ塷һ幦ֻҲ͵޵Ĳζѣȫ˺ķ롣
̫֮ʮ֮ϣ˺̫ٶȣֱʮ˺ĵʮطһʶȫź֮˲䷢ʮͬʱ
úһ֮
죬ں˵ƽһ졣
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죬ȥȥ˾ûˡ
ԶԶԣû뵽ôˣȻд鱦ô
ȻԵضܴ

һʱ䣬ʮطӦģˣѸٵ鱦ĵطȥ
ڱоԼôôãһγܼ鱦콵
ʶһչѸٵ鱦֮ضȥ
кָܶӦˣһѸٵķɱȥ
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ףʯȻе̡
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ǡԴһ塷˵ڸ˵˭ϰֻû⡶Դһ塷ϸͲ
еƣҪԼ֪⹦ԼϻӵԲǶԼ͸Ҳо޴á
һǷǡԴ塷ʱ򣬳׵ˡ
˹ֱ찡Ͼеֻ֪Ҫ˾Ͳĸıò
ûٲ㣬ڱ仯ͨ
һȷʵܸıģǵ˴޲κʱһ졣
⹦ˣȫҪ㵽޻ĲΣһɣıģ
ģǼ򵥵ģǴûйϸ֮ϡ
ʣƪܲĶ
Һ죬һҪ
㣡
ף
㣬ǲܣ

ȸϵĸֳԾˣԼôŬƶǵֺǶ˴ʵ
ߣ˻˾ǣҲû֪
һֲַƶ֮Ѹٵ뵽һ취
Ȳεĸ˵סƪܼ򵥣һ᲻Ѿȫסˡ
ȻùȻĵʤ죬Ȼϸ֮˵ǡԴ塷ֱһĹ
ܶ˸̾ˣѾãֻܻˣǻһﰡϧϧ
һϧ˵
ں룬һ޲εĸּĿˣЦˣѾϰˣǾͲҪˣƣ
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̫ͨ΢ʶ̽أϾԼѡҲδʦ
û뵽һμ澹Ȼַʽܺ̽š
ǺĵȻҪ˻ˣ̫ˡ
ûг֣ΪµֶΣǴ޳ڵĸҪùˡ
Ҫˡ
ס֣


һ½飬ǵ˵ɥĲ˲ˣǲ˵Ķǵ˲̰Ҫˡ
ǵΪˣǲϾ첻֪Ǳʲô
ɻôǵ˲ǴߣɥĲĻأ
ûǵĻԵˣұ
Ǹִ߶ȫķǵȥһĻˡ
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ɥĲģ̫Ȼ֣ԪŲµֶΣСС޽ɿԻٵġ
ֻǽκεķǽƹ֮һǵôôܣձˡ

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ǵ˵ȻƬƬ飬ԪʶԼꡣ
ǵϿ־ı鶨ˡ
һĻĸոˣ𺳵һĻˡ
ֻһղŻĵˣȻ紵ɢˣһƬʧؼ䡣
⣿⣿
ңʶ˶ܽʯ棬˴޸֣⣿ȻȻɢˣ
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˴ŵӿǵʱֱֻ仯ˡ
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382 ǻ
ǲʲô˼ǿһ۾Ŀѣԣ׶򵥡
滹һλ
黯ββ룬ʴ¹ϲ߱
ĸ֣Ŀ˴޸ֵ䣬ĸֵķˡ
ȻȻ档һ
ǰ֪˭µĵȻףղŲû⾯棬⾯治ֻ֣ҪϲⶨҺҵ˵㣬Ǹлʯ档
ǣǡҪʯɥĲҵȿҲҪ˵˵ǰɣǡ
˻٩٩̸˶˵ˣͷһʱ
˻ùȻƪεĹ
ȻֲýʯǼһҪ̫ˡ
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ֱ˼飡

ˣԴ塷͡Դһ塷ʱ˭ȥǵ˵٩٩̸ƪˡ
ֺȻһ㶣ʱĿΧǱܵĵõԵķ
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λҲûҪղŽʯǿˣò߻˵ģǽʯõ֤ҵ
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룺˵ĺܶԣٲòߣ˭ռԼӦ̫ˡ
Ǻǣȷˡ䲻֪Ǻεȴڣ˭õȵĿһĿȻƪ˵ģ黯ββ룬Դ»֮ͽ֮Ļϲ˵˭ռشڴ͸˵ĻԵһϵ˵
˵˷׷׵ͷ
ȷԴȻвĿԣĿԴǣ˵ÿأ
Ǿǡ
˵ûвĸȥԣĹǡ

Ȼˣҵȼº뿪ͺãƶǲҶһ̫Բϵ˵
ƶҲҡ
ңң

Цˣ˭Ҷʯˡ

ܶν뿪Ȼкܶڰй۲졣
κΰ˼ΪģԶˣû˸Ҷˡ

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ߣȻƶˣƶͻ㣬ܱ˵õ
ǵѸٵĳˣܽţԼԤдˡ



ǰ㣬һǵ˻ɢˣһ亹
ǽ󣬶ǽƽ档Ȼо˿Ĳ
Ϳˣһ㲨Ӧȴ̫ҸˣͿֲˡ
ҺãҺãеٺĸо
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ǼָϵˣѸٵǾĻƪĹѾͷԡ
ˣ˸Ѹƶ˼ƻ
ס֣

һֻ֣ҪļλѸٵıȵһߣ˲ûˣǱֿ˶ѡ
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һǴ޵Ʋģµѹһš
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˺ǧУʮҿƪ칦ϢĶ֪ˡ
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383 ֮
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һ̸ֻĵû뵽ħͻȻϵ֮ǰûħȴ룬ħ
ǰԪӸˣԼҪҪ˵أ
ѽҪСһ㣬ħܲ򵥰Ԫӱл˵Եرĳ
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ͺԾ޲TǻҲ֪
ˣ޲TΪħΪʿĿ֮󣬺ﻯεĴǲ֪ԭġ

ݴ
ɻĺƣԪӿʼҪ˵ˣݴħ˻ĹŴ޲TħΪħĿ顣
ȵȣưԵĻ˲ȼˣʵ޲T˭ĹǺ
Ԫһ㶣û뵽ܻ治ֲ֪ʦ˵ܱܶԵڸˣȻˡңҪʦԼҲͺͺƵѲɡ
Ԫ˵Ѵп֪˿ʲôʱ
Ѳסϵ¿ΪǴ˿سϹʱЦ
ǵѿ֪Ϲʱ֮ǰΪΣ
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Ԫһ㶣Ϊ𣿡
ףʣѵƺ㰡ѵϵĴвԣ
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ԪӵҪһǰָ㣬ƶҲ͵Ϊش
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Ԫ渵̫֮ǰһʱΪĹʱʱǵһħζʱǲǿٵȳ飬ݴʱδƿغģʶдѹʱĴܣֻвɵĲΣҲδʶжûУֻҵأһնһɽ·
޲Tħʱζ飬ҲħԴ
ѣ̲סˣ̫߸ˣѣ˵ǵǸö簡ⲻܰ
ǰƶҲΪܣʵˣ֮ǰĴ콾ݺģǳ۳޾£ֻǺìܣһδεĴУȫȥˣŵǴ˿ʱ
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һϵеɻ鲻Խ
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еѹ֣԰ıǮǰʮ飬ԪӺȻ˵Ǿ֮ܣãˡ
ҺãԸ񿴵ÿңãƵҺãҺãǶѾˣҵǳϦ
ԪȴǰҺöˣлĴڡ

Ʋ֪ôشˣѿڶôˣ
ݴһĲˣʼչˣͲã³Ҳ֪ǵΪ̫ߡ
ԣԡƵҲʹ޽ɣҲʹ壬Ȼҵкְܴܷ࣬ɡ
ǺǣԪӲʦ֡ҪǴ޷أ֮ϻиأ
Ǻǣ֮󣬱ĺƲ˵ˡ



384 ̫޲TĵһΡԻ
̫޲Tܻرܡ
ˣڿһ֮ħ
ħ֮˺ΧһС磬̫֣֮ħȻҪͺںˡ
Ҹֵ䡢ջȷϵ˴£ƺǺһ档
һƬħ̫ħ̫ðɣʶ̫̤ǰĵ֮һ·Ͼħ
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˵Ľʽʵ˼̫޲Tˣȫ֮һܴһƬʱգοƵĶԻˡ
ħ죬ƣƷֻûħצջɫ̬
ߣ̫һߣ䲻֪޲Tʲô⣬ֻ֮ħķƺֳ̫ݵĸо
ħԵսսսģܶħȻ̫һ˺ܶࡣ
ףħе޲Tˡû뵽̫Ȼħħ
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̫Ǵű߶ģȻ޲TҪһģȲεķʽһľ档
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̫ӵĿ޲Tһۣ˵ûһǲܵģҲ޲TҪʲô
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˸߰ԸԵ޲TȻԼӺ󣬲Цˡ

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ĪҪס̫Ļ˵֪˵Եʣ;ͬ飬յûֵģֻһޣ֮Ǹ֮Ҳ˵޲TĵȷйأԸ㲻ܷȱݡ
ҾȻԶԡ޲TЦˣȴѵԸ񲻶𣿻˵ֻл𣿡
̫һֵû˵ԸȫȻԣֻ˵ļƻлѣĪҪᡣԸΨҶԸǵļᶨһֳ֣ΪҪȴѣȺܶࡣǣҪһ㣿
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ϸڣʵԼΨҶĶ棬ҲԼҪƽһ㡣
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ô˵ȷҪлһ¡ֻ޲T˵ţлһλѡһ
ɲң̫еĸо
̫ˣ޲Tȴ⣬ʵʵһ仰ģ㿴ƶ
̫һ㶣ȴЦǺǣʵȻ԰ոңŵ㡣ȻСʼǾҪѧϰ˵ŵ㡣иҲΪ˳ԹܶοԱ𿴲һӶԱĪ𿴵ʱñȣ֤۹⻹ǲġȻ
̫һת˵޲TһֱǱܿһǵһμ棬޽ֿʼ
ļã̫˵ĵһμʱ˳ǵٵʱ
Ǻǣҵĺܣû뵽һμôˣٰ޲Tе̾ĵ޲T˼ջغʵѻû˵㿴صأ
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386 졢ٵ
޲TʧȥԼ̫ƾľħ򶼱ƿأԽħʶƺΪʥ
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Ļɫ⣬ǺɫħǿĶԿħħͷе־ĸо
ħͷеֻڱܵĴڣǡǡΪܵĴڣǸӵĿ־塣
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УҪ취̫ȥˣȥħ򣬻̫޲T뵽



387 ۵޲T
޲Tǰ·Ҫôʱħ̫սȥҪô̫ħȥĻС
˻УԼͲܽħˣ˵Լһ̫
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ΪľǵħıԴĵĲʱٺԼԾ
˵ħΪϵĴڣ᳹׵Ļ»Ҳۣ޷ǱԴͷС˺ܶѡ
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388 ʥ˵Ŀֲ

һҽУ޲TԼ屻סˣԼܱ߿ʼƬƬ顣
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389 ӡ
񣬵ΪԪɾŲǿ𣿡
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˵ܶеŰô˵ԼľΪޱȵҪ
޲TˣԼļƻˣǶĺôҲҪõſɡ
̫ʱ
ʥҵ˰취
ǲɱǿԷӡֻҪﲻԪ޵ľ磬ͱƿǵķӡ
ڣʥ뵽õİ취ˡ
Ǵӡ̫һԼܵԴľ棬ҲûΥ̹źľ档
ãӡһСУܲ
ʥ˷ˡ
ǿ̫֣ǵµıѸٵĳˡ
ͻأˣ䲻֪ǺεȸţȻɴɱ㣬㰲Ȼȥҵȷӡ㣬ô죿
ȡ
ֻʥ̹֮Ѹٵĳ֡
̫ʱоԼɵֿķ֮ϮûзΪԼףԼôá
˵ʥҪӡԼ̫ˣԼϲ
Ƕʥ˻Ԫ޽ɵֶηӡԼǱͨͬǵķӡӶٵҵԪ޽ɵľֶΣԼҪġ
һһ
ʥ˶ֶΣʵȥһ㶼󣬵һֹƿأԶǻԪɵĸ
ԣһ㣬еĲ֮ͬȴǴĲͬ
˵̫
ֻоһתԼܿƵıһŲʵĹΰ
˺һ㣬̫֣ԼѾһδ֪ʱС
һƬߣһϢûС
ǧС磬ؾֹ̫
˺һ޴ѹȸϮ̫֣һи֪Ѹٵıӡˡ
ǷӡĹȦǰԲһһʱ䣬̫еˣҲ֪һָС
ǻԪɾŲľ磬֮ôöԻԪ޽һͷûУѹûвοŽ
ֻҪһʣֻҪһʱ䣬ҵԪ޽ɵͷ
˿̣ƻˣǷӡԼġ⡱
̫֪ǡ
һһС磬Ȼһʶƺһ˺ʼձܵĴڣʼת
ɲǻ޾£СƺһˣԵĲ
һ֡顱Ĳ˵翪ʼ߹ʱƺĻĹŵʱ

һߣӡ̫ʥޣѸٵĺǸĿűӡ̫
˻ҲҵȷӡˣߣԪ޽ɵľ򵥣ֻҪﲻԪ޽ɵľ磬ͱƿǵķӡ
ǰ˵һƿ񡣡
Ψ׻Ȼ˵һ䣬ôֲõĸоƺǵˣţ֮ǰҰŪһоҪ˶ͻ
һ㶣׻ˡ
ɡ׻е㲻Ŀ˿ӡ̫˺ҡҡͷ
ˣҵȸԻļɡ
ʥ޸뿪ˡ
̫
ӡѸٵһֶ״̬״̬޲ֻССķӡȻˡ
ò˵̫ޱ˵ġ



390 µı仯
ʱ磬
̫ӡ֮ǰѾԪӣ˵вѾˡ
˺ԪһֹȻˡ
䲻֪ʦ޲TħôˣԼвˣǾ˵޲TħӦóԿˡ
ԪӶ̫ľӵˡ
˺˺ơ
ȻƼ̫˵ĪҪǺƾ䲻֪ʦʲô˼ʤԪ
ܺôִҪ뿪
кòҵûѡĺƺ᲻ãʶϸĴ̽һԪӵĵڣ˵ʱȥ͡
ԪӺΣȴ˵ֻӦ
Ȼ
֮ǰԪӺͺƽ̸úͬǳƶеıˡ
׻˵߳īߺڣʲôʲô۽硣
ԭ켣еĺø˵ĻĺܣԾֿѣ֪ĺ٣ʴµܶࡣ
βһˣ˻ˣԪӴɱˡáˣԶԺƵ۽Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ԪӺͺ˵һЩԼСĵ㣬ĪҪ
ҲԺ˵ˣҪͺģһҪסԼСΪǰᡣ
Դӵ֪˻лĹŴܺ󣬵֪˻ĴʿҲ˺ܶࡣ
ܺǴˣɵ֪ԴˣҪһſɡ
ԣƵ³çҲ˺ܶࡣ
μ䣬̫Ĵڣı˺ơδ˭Ԥأ

뿪ƶԪӣһ·ͶĽ紦Լׯ۶ȥ
·ϡ
Ȼ˵ˣĳʮʯƪ
˵ˡ̫
Ԫ˲ˣʦֱʡ
ˣʦͺĺԪӾԼصׯ۵ʱҲӻһԼܱߵ飬ǽһ
䲻ʦڵĲй¶֮ԼĴУͨ߻εĵϴУǿԵġ
ʦ飬ΪҲҪС
ˣԪӷֵ󣬶ע⡣

̫磡
ڴ컨ҿʮƷʯ顢ľѡޡ˳ˡ
֪̫ʦȻûлѯ컯컯
컯ˣ֮ǰ컯컯
ѯʺ컯εһ̾
̾ǻͣȻʥ˲εĴʥӲ˵ջܴ󣬻һϵмƻĲ֡
컯̫ʥ˰
ʥ֮½׵ģҪǱ̫źãҺ̹Ŵоɣ˭֪᲻һֽأ
ˣ컯˺̫λ˵ʦʱȥһԶĵطǲҪġ
顢ʯȣʦʧ߲ˣȻʧʦŽй֡
ȻղڵǣҪһ
ʦ˵ģʱĺĴˣѾвǵĴˡ
ȥˡ
̫˵ʱĺģǵʵ¿ڶԡ
̫˵ֻҪǻʮƷյӣҲǿڡ
Ȼʯ˿ڵ뷨ǲģյӵǿԡ
ϾյӲһִкҲͨڵӴӶľı仯ͽǵֻ鷳ҲһС
˾һҪǼ˳۵ģͻ¡
֪ʦܹ֣ϲյӣϲʦ棬ʦ
ʱ̫硭
Դ컯˰ң컯϶Ϊһ֮컯˾뿪̫硣
˿̵̫磬ǿȸ
˸ףѾԲþҪ۴޵ˡ
ȫĵĿʼ׼۵ʶչغܾˣҲ
ڲǰСĴϢ˵Ļ֮£ѾǸĩ೵
ŵħ֮ޱˡȺϵĺϵ֮󣬵һν᳹׵ʧ
˺飬᲻֪еĲΡ
ָ򲻽С֪ħ֮л˶ˡ
ʶӱ޵ȡԲǰ۵
Ե£˿̵ĺļûһħ֮лĸֳû
ˣβõĴʼ̨
ԭ£ʱĺĸϡ٣۽粻ߣȴĳˡ

̫磬Ǵʱĺǰһۣܻŵ˫ȷ
̫̫£͵ǽɣ̫һ޽ɼϵĵ
ҲǵĴޣռ˴ޱУɵġ
Ҳ˵̫ʱҪǷųȥԺģΪڻҵĴڡ
Һû˼̫Ҳ
￴ó̫ĵ̣ҲӦĵĵ㡣ʼ˾޴ĶԱˣԱȴˡ

߳ңʯˣһһ̾
ʦ˵Ķԣδս󣬹ȻĿʼ˥ˡ
ǰѾˣҪپδսʦ˵ġǺ
ĪҪôˣʦ˵𣬽ΪһĲλıġǿÿֵοĺĺܺã
λʦʦһ㶣á
ʦ˵ǣʯʵ
˵ĺĺãǰȫˡ

ɫˣƺ뵽֮ǰıȫǸ֣ԼһֱϺס
˵ģʱܺˡ



391 ̽
ǿգ
磬˵ҵȥޱҲ֪᲻Ӧǡ
ӦûɣǿǰʮĴֻˣҵȻѣޱֻҪɵϡοһξ˵ǿȽ꣬˺ˡ
ţ
ԭ
̫ǵĵۿͶ̫һڻ߷Ĺϵǻζ֣֮ԼֵҪΪֻѡ
ѡһԺģ۴˴ӶΪ
ǣ뷨ĺ
Ҵǿգͺо޴Ĳ࣬Ҫ˵Ȳ˽ܵĺĶˡ
ԣҪֻѡ
Ȼ˿̵ֵֻ˴뷨ûг׵ľԺġ
˴ȥޱҲΪδѣҪľˣҪޱС
󷽶ȣǾѰˡ

磬ҪޱӦô죿̫һʵ
ʵĵۿ꣬룺ǰޱҪӦô죿
˲ǰ۲һǿգǿ̫ˣûڡ
´ڵģҲǸջβõģҸǳĴڡ
ûô
˾ѡԺģҲѣֻܴӺ취
Ҫ治ӦǾͲۿ˵꣬ɫصǣֻҪоԵʵޱǾһҪ£ܺϣôΪ˺󷽵ȶֻܴɱޱ
ţҲΪġ̫һǿգǿĴڣֻһģıǴſɡ
ɣ˵ޱأ
ϣˡ

һ·ֵܣ΢ǡ
ͨ۲췢֣΢Ǻܲ򵥣Ȼ֮ͷ
˵̫ǲǳ֮û뵽΢Ҳͷ
˸оޱܲ򵥡
ԭ켣Уûд˿̵ޱ۾УҲ˺Ĵսˡ
̫ĸı䣬ޱĵǣı͵֮£ȻɾǰʮĴڡ
ʶǳ̫֮ǣޱĴڣֱһ˿ǳ֮ıԴôʱ΢Ҳͷ

΢ǰ
ޱѣۿ̫һǰݷõѣ
ֻͬʱ˵ȫſʱΧǿһ
΢Ǳչصޱ۾Ȼһ㶡
ޱ˺ܶ࣬¶ĻΣ˵ĵõĸıӻΪӡ
˺־עΪǿ֮
κٵǿ鼸ʦĻβܣпǡ
ҺãûʦΣΪǰʮε顣
ջ֮Ҳоǿյġ
κΣǿյĵޱĻˣͳǿյ뷨
ôǿ飬ٲٵҲûãˣ˵ȴʱǾ³
ˣκޱӵʦ˵ûԼͺã
ʶ£ޱ۾ܵ͵΢Ǳչء
룿
ۿͶ̫һȻˡ
λΪΣޱһ㶡
ȵۿͶ̫һ֪Ҫ࣬Ҳ׺ĵΣգΪ
ޱ͵ܺÿͣȻԼͬλǰݷãȻ᲻
ˣޱ˼һ󣬵ſ΢ǵػ󷨡
ԭǵۿͶ̫һλѣ
ޱ̬󣬵ۿֵܷ˺ܶࡣ
ŵˡ
ǿյͬĴڣ֮ǰƶݷλأȴеðʶûǰȥޱЦλǰƶʤңҲԲƶԸǺǡ
˺󡭡
һ̸󣬿ȥĺ
һμ棬ݷýύһۿ˵ƻ
̸ֻ£̸ֻĵļţĶû˵

˵ǿȻҵˣǿԴǳˣд飬Ҳ٣ǺĴأǿԶۿ̾
ǰǿվȲϺĴذޱû̫࣬Ϊ˴顣
ˣĴҲһǰĴʮ飬ޱӦ֪ɣ̫һʵ
ޱ˵ͷ
̫һֵףĴ裬ûǿյ£ǿһûУȴʮ
ۿҲһ̾
ֻǣ˵ޱһ㶡
Ȼ֪ʮ飬֪ǲĴ裬ʦ˵ֱ̫ʡ
ԵһμֵܣҲʲô˵ֻܸ͵ĵͷ
̸ͨޱˣֵܵļʶ࣬˵е㾮֮ܵĸоȫΪԼȴǿ֮ǰ飬Ȩڡ
ңԼλʦã˺ͺͳҲ֪Ͳ̾ǿƶˡ
ԼλʦҲ򵥣ȻûǰʮΡףλʦòѣ˵ʦԸĶѡ
ʦ˵λʦõΪۣܲմͲմܵ͵͵͵λʦòŻԡ
ˡ
ͨεĽ̸ޱ̽һ˿ۿͶ̫һĵϸ

ۿͶ̫һҲޱĵϸô˴νջܴޱ̬Ⱥܺá
ֻҪ̬ȺãĽһİޱ۾Լֵϡ


392 
ɽ
һǰݷ׵ֵܣһ̽Եĳԡ
ֻʵѣƶǺ棬ǲԪ񵥴壬費ҪһЩֶΣһЩأ
һ㶡
ʮεĽ̸ͽףѾֵܶе˽ˡ
֮ǰԼ˵ն񣬵ֵܲҪıԼˣֻеΪǶѡ
ʶ˫һЩҲʼˡ
һԪһ壬ǿʼԵ໥۵ˣܲҵͬķ
˼˺һ˵λӦףǵĴںһʿһԶĴڻãʱĺ۽ǳȻľǺǲһʶȻų⡭ҲҪ֮ɷѪȣҲǵо޴ĺô
˵꣬˼һ̾ǵı˽⣬ǵзʽȷúųⰡ
Ŷһ㶣ʵ˻
ʵںܾ֮ǰΪ޺ޣȻʱҲԪ񣬵עص塣˺ħ޲TΪһЩıɢһЩаʽ˵Ҳɣַʽλƣǲ̵ɱ˵塢Ԫ񡢱Դȡ
û˵꣬ףڵǲһȷ졣ǲм̣οյɷصɷѪǲ̵Ĵɱˡ
ƺһǺ
Ǻǡ
һЦλĪҪƶ֪λıԣԲŴӸԴλ˵һ£ֵλģôʱĽύλԸȻ֪
Ѽ£ƳçײףһۣˣһԼ˵ĵй¶ˡ
޷޷ҵ˼ǣΪ֮ǰƫԺܶ˸оλаӪʴ˶λƫ۽Сǧ;ͬ顣ԡ
һͺԼƫԭ
ֵǣλҲĪҪģĪҪλĳ̹ŴѪֻƫȴûʱƫҲһּʣǼλĸţԳªĶƫƫ
ֵȻҲԿģΪ̹Ŵĺᣬʴ˶ǱкøУʵֵ֮ԺλཻΪλĳ̹Ŵĺᣬǿ̡̱ƻ֮ˡ

Ȼôһ˵֮еС̹Ÿ
˺ȷԵ֣صʵʲô
𣿡귢Ȼ򵥡
ʶֻ˵ƶ˵ǣǵĳעǰ̲ۣע˺ͺںϣҲעƫҪƽƫǿñ˵߳ɾһ
ȿȡһ㶣˵ģ͵˵ĺư
֪ĸ֪࣬Լ˵δΣ
̫Ҳ˵ҪҲҪ
ʶǳѾעˣһ֪ûͷѡ
ֵˡ
룺ǺܵѹȺƫǲĿôǴ˿̾ˣ鲻԰
㡭Ѿˣʡ
ǰһ֮̾ǰˡȻԼˣҲָ㡣
˭ѿڶ
ѣе㲻ˡ
ˡˡƶðˣʧˣ£¡껰ô˵ޱʹ˭ǡ
ⲻԼķԼƺأᣬôأ
λѴô죿ʡ
Цˣ뵽֮ǰ̫ѵͽ
λЦʲôƺоá
ֻڤˮڣο²մ±ѵѾã˻𣿲ģǵĵдʹһޱȵԵѽĪҪЩǶ֪ġ
ڤе㿴Ūƺ֪ܶ࣬Լһᡣ
̫֮ǰ˵ˡ
ڣΪǵŪȻˡ
ҪǿŴϣڤˣмѵˡ
ɵˣ˵ѣʵ֪ĺܶࡣݣעǵǰ;򵥣ǵĴǣçײҲҪսսսħѾɺã
ʵеĸоúõǣôе㸹ڵĸоˡ
ǿԼĺףֲмͱӿԼеתĸо
ôˣź


393 ı
صׯ۵ԪӣиʦΪʶԪӴΪ˵齲һ
ׯۣԪӵ㻯ͯһԻ磬һԻ¡
˺׼˼ǧԪӴΪ˵齲֮͸˵֮
죬߽紦ֻԪӶôѸ˵ء
¡¡
ֻ֣꣬Īݾʼ֡
߽Ȼһ㶡
ôˣ
澰󣿡
ֻʱһ촫˷ء
Ԫӣׯۣи黯μѣΪףǧ󽫻ὲڻԵ߿

Ԫ˵ֻ꣬üĶˡ
ȻǵһԪӴ񽲵
ҪǰȥȻ󰡣
ǵһ񣬾ȻΪڻ󣬵´񡣡
ȻҲɻˣʵǰʱ䣬׷ɱԪӴôԪӴѵûˣ
Ҳ˷ˣԪӴԭ˵ǵ˰Ȼȴͬһء
ȷˣ֮ǰһֱԪӴͨȴ֪ԭĵڴ˵ء
ǰ

ǧ󡭡
ͯػԪӵǰ
ү˵鼸һ룬ڵүĽ˵˵
˵㻯˿˵һˣʱǳܻεĺ٣ʶ±㻯֮ǵ֪Ԫ˵һʱСͯǸ˵ġ
ԪӰǵӿҲб̫ڵĲй¶ĹͨԪǵӿġ
ƣ
Ԫӵ˵ͷʱһ˽֮
ֻʱׯ⣬飬ǵɵΪҲ٣Ϊ࣬ڽɸٵĿ̫Ҳε飬Ԫʶɨֲָ֮
ɼʱмѣҲóʱĸǳ
ȰݼԪӴ񣬸л񽲵ڻ󡣡
һʱ䣬޾鳯ԪӣԪļ÷֣Լ׳˺ܶࡣ
û԰֮ǰ̫֪УԪ̵ףĪҪΪһʱ˶մ
ʶ˴ԪӲû˵ΣڵԣԺǲġ

ãὲ
ԪҲ˵ʲô֮󣬿ʼڻ
һǽ꣬ĵ˼򵥵ĸأĵεĹ˿̺ĵʮ
Ȼջ֮ܶ࣬ԼһЩԪӴеͨȹԴ˿̵˵ֻ᲻ĻԵ
ֱ֮Ԫӽˡ
̨ɫԪĵ˵ͷоԼ˺ܶࡣ
ʵԪӲΪνˣǹ¡Ͼ֮ǰõ»ûء
˵ԪǺܸеġ
֮Խȫǿ̫ʦΪ֮иʦĴȱԪҲʦ뷨Ϊ齲ڻ
˺󡭡
ɢȥˣŵģԪӵʼˡ
һԪӵĽˡ
ȻԪӵΪȴ׼ͽеˡ
Դħ˵δ·׼ͽʼĳﻮˣѾΪԼˡ
ǰã׼ͽ̽Ǿϲķ֣ڿı߽磬Ǳõģû⵽ƻ
һ֣ϲ⡣
ǣû˶ãȻ֣ԭ˵˵һεĴԪӱӻĵط
ԪӵĴ˴ν˸о鷳ҪҪɨеϰ
֮ǰǻϲķ֣٣дͨڣ١
ԪӵĺȻ֣ǽ֮׼ͽˣԤʾʲôˣԤʾעҪԪӶϡ
ȻǲµģħĴڡ
ħҲǣԪӲ򵥣ǲû˵
ֻǸǣֻȡӲ
ʶԪӵĳ֣еˡ
ʱĴܣû˵й̶ΧǶȻĻԼĵ̡
֮أΧһأΧھˮˮĵز
Ԫû˵˵ĵ̣Ԫӽ֮󣬺ܶѾĬˣ˵ؾԪӵĵ̡
ɽ
ʦ֣㿴ô죿׼Ƶʵ
ĽüչӣΪ׼ʣɫѿˣԪӲ򵥣ӲΪֵܵǰ;ӲҲû취Ϊ˵õ޾һС
׼˵ͷͬġ
Խ˽⣬ԼλʦֿȥüĻ
λʦֻǸᶨˣԸǵģֻҪ϶˾޾һУдǻ۵Ĵڡ
ǰ˵ԪӲ򵥣ǻαȵڶ嶼Ҫ˺ܶ࣬Ԫӱдˡǰ˵˵ԪҲкҵһĻǰڱ֧ҺãԪӴӽ֮󣬾ͻص۲ˣҰ֮׼˵
˵ͷͬԪҰ֮
ὲ֮˳£ġ
Ԫȴʲôû˵ܶ£ԪӾܾˣ˿Ұĵͷ
ԪҰģ»ܡ
ʦǰ˵ˣһʱ̾ɵģҪܳʱſɡҵֵ費ͣЪҲҪһѺΪʴˣʱȲЩʱҲһɣʼսǵΪ;ûкô˵
׼˵ͷʦȱ鱦ġƶ񤣬Ҫõ鱦ҪԵˣȥģȥɽ
һ㶡
ħ˵Ҫ˳Ѱ鱦
鱦ĵطŨĵط˵˽ܵĵطȻɽر֮
Ҳ߹ǣħȻǸܸš
ǵˣǰʮ黹СĿʶȥν˽֮ܵҲã練УȥЩ˲ĵط
˽Ƿ֮أǵҲС˵ϷϺȵطҪȥĵطϡ٣ûиִڣѰҲãҲᣬϷϺЩطҪȥĵط
˵꣬׼һ£ȷˡ
˽ܵ飬鱦ҲᾭᣬմȾΣա
ʦ˵ƫƧĵط鱦٣ԼֵҲҲᡣ
ȥĴĿƵӣĴѰᡣ˵Ϊ˵õҲǺܸɴġ
׼Ͱʦ˵ģȥϷϺԼȵءʱ͵£ȥǶ֮ء

ֵѸٵƶ˼ƻ̤ĵ̡


394 Ԫ޽
һƬڵ磬תʱʱιĪķ磬ÿηܸܵɶ
һƬɫǣڸһУת¶ڸǡ
ģ޴ĴɽһĪĹⰲŵһȥ˾η
ɽģһ޴ɽ壬ɽһ͵ƽ̨޷ľ޹޷Ľɽ
ھ޷Ķˣļһķؽž޷塣
ھ޷ĶˣһϥӰĿһ
Ǳӡ̫
˿̣Ȼһ󲨶ֻ̫۾ɫ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ԭӡ̫һֶ״̬
֮ǰ̫þѰľ磬Ȼ֮ǰʥ޴ҵ˷򣬴˺󱻷ӡ󣬸ǶѭŷӡĹ켣ÿһ˿Ԫ޽ɵĹ켣
۾̫΢΢һЦ
̫һХԭ㣿
̫˷ˣҵ·ˣҵķˡ
ԭǻԪ޽ɣҪлһʥޣԤƹȻûֹ̫
ʥ޷ӡ̫ƺõģй켣ѭùäĿûͷ
ʥǷӡӡʼǻԪ޽ɼģԶҲһ˿ͷ̫νǡô
ζñǳֻҪо͸ӡ󷨺ͷ򣬶þﵽԪ޽ɵĵز̫϶
ͬһС
Ǳ˱ӡˣ»һĪչ̫˵ȷһλ
ֻҪϵͬӡԼ󷨣ͬ󷨵Ĺã̫ܽѰԪ޽ɵľ硣
ˡ
̫󣬹̸һʱľ磬˺ʼһδεͬ
̫ͬ󷨵ķӡȻԼĸ;
֮ǰʱסһ̫ǽһδεͬʱ󷨣Ӷ
ֻҪ̫ﵽԪ޽ɵľ磬ƿ󷨣˺ֻҪһ׼̫֮ͻ̫磬ӶΪҲﵽԪ޽ɵĵز
ȻҪһʱ䣬̫ȱľʱ䣬ں֮ǰԪ޽ɵĲΣ̫ʮɰյġ
ΪԽԽǼѣȻҲԽԽ
̫ĸףԼʼǴСʼġ
еħǰ죬Ҳ޾µĸĴﵽߵľ磬˵ֺ֧
ʶ̫ţֻ˵ǰ;Զ󣬲˵ˮһ
ĽǲʵģǴһƽ⣬ıԴһƽ⡣
̫д˸Ѿһ޶ˣǻΪҲ׾٣Ȼƻƽһ֡
ο֪ˣûֺ֧ʹ裬ҪɾͻԪ޽ɶޱȣ֪
˿̣̫ģ֮ǰһΡ
Ϊʥ޵ĴҲΪӡԼ󷨡

̫һδεĸ󷨣һδε򣬾ȥ˽Ԫᡣ
졭
̫һ֣ԼԪ޽ɵľֻһĤˣʼͱƣ̫еա
ȱʲôֹ̫
Ȼ
ף
Ȼ䣬̫һĻһĻ˳˼
ԭ˷磬Īĸı䣬ѾԭĹ켣
ǻ֮ɢȥ˱ȴ¶롰桱顣
˵һжǴ޵УǾ˿̵һһһϢûУͺñȱԪռУܴܺ󵫿һ˵һƬšԪ֮󣬾ⷽ絮־һ־ôֵأֻҪҵ취ǱԪ֮ܵұҲܲԪ޽ɵľ硭
̫뵽

֮ǰǶԷĸ򣬶۷ʱ򣬾ƿأôƿأ
˵Բ˾ƿˣȻ˿ѵ̫һɻ
ѵƿطĿʼ֮ͨǰĸ򣬴Ӷ򵽶ġ顯֮ӦþƿطĿʼԪռ䵮飬Ƿ֮顣
̫оԼҵˡ
Ԫռ䣬֮ͨӣͨ÷֮Ԫռ塣
Կʹ÷֮ʹõģԪռеķķ
ЩʼһֽãֻԪռ䵮飬ҲǷ֮顣
ô֮ͨⷨ飬طںΪһ壬ܹ֮ǻԪ޽ǿʢԴ
һ֮黹עڵ֮ǰˣҪԪռ֮飨֮飩ܴ֮Ӳѵĸ֮ء
̫˳·ߡ
ˣѰĿ̫ͨ˴֮С
˸֮ӵĽ𻨣ɢŷ֮
̫ӰĪĲȻ֣𻨿ʼֿήĸо̫һ㶡
һ֮󣬷ֲûκεĲʡ
ʱĽ𻨣ʼһΧķ֮ǽ𻨾ȻٵĿή
̫Ŀš
֪á
顪һ
ֻȫήһɫģ̫һġʵȻˡ
Ĳֻ
ǹʵ֮󣬾ȻѸٵͨԪſʼͨԼԪռԼ塣
ԪռУĪˡ
ɷ磬ңҲͨΪͨԴ
ֲ֪˶á
¡һֻǹʵ׵ĳˣǹʵȻ̫һģһ
̫Ȼһ򣬴˺ǽ޾ķ֮
顪һһ㣬ֻԪռУƺһ־
̫ٴʱƺˡ
֮ǰʹ÷򣬶ڸоԼһ
ǻԪ޽ɵľ𣿡̫ϲҲˣһĪء



395 
̫ʱŷ֣ԼľѾǻԪ޽ɵĲˡ
粻ͬΪΪ춯أȴԵúƽ
̫֪䣬ѾǻԪ޽ɵĲˡ
ֻ֮ӵĽ𻨱ˣǰ𻨣˿̱һˣʮ֧ʮƬҶӣһź̫һĹʵ
̫Ԫ޽ɺ󣬴֮еı仯
̫ԪҲ˾޴ı仯ֻԪռУʶĴڡ
Ҳ֮ǰ̫һֱڴԪ֮顣Ҳ˱仯ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ǻԪ޽ɵĳƺ֮ǰȻǸѡ
ڣ忪ʼֵˣֻҪΪҲﵽԪ޽ɵĲΣǾˡ
̫ǽԪ޽ɵĲΣǺǰ㣬ԪڻԪ޽ɵĲΡ
̫Ԫ޽ɺ󣬽ԪͬﵽԪ޽ɵĵز
͹ǿˣҪ˵Ԫͬ
̫ߵľǻħ·ߣħԪͬ
ʥˣֻǵԪԴǵûдﵽԪ޽ɵĲεġ
̫һԪһ
ʴˣ̫ᳬһĻԪ޽ɣټһѹʥ˲ǲܡ
ʥʲôʥϸ˵
ǱԴϺΪţʥ˾һ֣ںʥ˽޵УҲ˵޵С
ԪȻǿ󣬵ʼǿԼԼѱȵϿ
׿ʥͶȡɻ˵ܵƫ˵ʵ棬ʥ˵ȷ
˼ǿܣͶȡɣʵȻʵǲĨɱġ

ȹһΪ̫֮ʼȥʥ޵ķӡˡ
˵̫Ľ˵ôʱķӡпޡ
̫һ㣬ѾӽʮһٵˣѾԪʱˡ
Լ￴ʱ⣬ش˿̵ĺģӦþʷ׳ˡ
̫ȥӡĻغġ
˺չ̫磬Ѻ̫磬ԼΪﵽԪ޽ɵĵز

̫Ԫ޽ɵľ磬ҹΪʱС
Ŀνʵĺܡ
ٵĻۣʱĺѾָԪʱ
ʱ˿̻ûʽĿ
ǿգۿ̫һʼṳ̂ģʱۿͶ̫һĺޱ۾õĹϵ
Դӵһμ֮󣬵ۿͶ̫һԵȥ顣
໥˽󣬿ʼ¶˼ˡ
ȻҲһµġ
֮ǰĵۿͶ̫һԺʼ
ʱݣǷ֣ԼĽޱȵĻۿٹȥˣʼջǴ޽ɳڵĲΡ
˵˲ǲܴ޻ûаմ޻ʮƷõۿͶ̫һǡ
ʶһ֮ǾȥˣҪƲС
ƾǻ߷̫Ƕеͨѡ
߷ΨҪٵĽֻıģóưһſΪٵĽ
˾֮󣬿ʼ͸¶Լ뷨ˣ뿴ޱ۾̬ȡ
ƺ̫ãޱ۾䲻ǻ߷򣬵Ϊ۾֪
ֵǲܣµۿ˵ƽƽ
һʱ䣬˵Ĺϵһεĵز
ڵۿͶ̫һ֮󣬸оˣȥֻĽ𵽻
Ǿºޱ۾ĿҲȥˡ
Ǵǰȥһ̽
ֵܸĺ󣬷ֺԼԤƵĳ˲𣬱ΪĴ˽ܵ飬ԼֵҪ͵С
Ƿ֣ԭ
˺ԼֵȻĵĸ֣֮٣Ǹǳ顣
˵͵ĳ˲һƻ֮˽ںĴ
һļƷ鱦ǳ˷ͷʱڳ˺ܶ
Ļ֮Ȼúֳܶĸо
˽˲С¸ֲ࣬ĴҲû̫⡣
ۿͶ̫һҲĶ̰壬ǲΪ⡣
򣬱ļʶһģûбĴ㣬д˿̵ĳɾͣѾܲˡ
޿֮ţҡǣҵģʼǿյޱ۾
ǲܽޱ۾ϳȡ
ԣۿͶ̫һڼ򵥵ĽһС֮󣬴㷵ǿգʽĺޱ˵
ѹͬǵ˾ʤͿν̸ˡ

ͬʱԪӣڲǰΪﵽ˴ڵĵزһʮƷﵽѵĳ̶ȡ
⣬ˣ񣬾ԪӵĽֵ֮ѸٵĻɽչˡ
ԪУܴͬ
ӺԪһﵽ˴޽ڵΪԭʼͨﵽ˳ڵĶ壬ﵽ˴޽ɵڡ
Ů洷˵ȴҲʼ߳˻֮أҲʼĴˡ



396 ƿӡ
СУ̫ȹ֮̾󣬿ʼĳƿӡ
ν߲ѣڴﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɵľ̫֮ûѶãƿ˶Լķӡ
죡
ֻɽеɽϣļһǷӡƿˡ
һ
ֻ֮ǰ̫ĹȦ鿪ˣǾ޷Ҳ֮޴ı𵴵㵹
һг䶨̫֮ŹۿԼһ硣
ֻһƬɣɶָ̫һ㷢֣ǵһʱ̺󣬴ʶʼĵˣ˺󽫻ǣ֮ǰĺĹ켣һ
ⷽ粻֪ںδ̫һ֮ǰʱƻֶΣֲûƿأҲûһ˿١
̫϶֮ǰʱħħƵС磬Ӧʥ޷ֵ硣
̫ʱ
һߡ
ʥ͵һǷԼ˸ʱ䣬Ȼ֮ǰӡѾԼƿӡˡ
Ѹٵ磬׻˵ôҾ˵Ǹ׽ôŶþͱƿӡˣ˵ʲô˵ľѾǺϺƽǸô죿
׻԰꣡
԰׻Ȱοһ
˵ʵ̫ȷû뵽ʥ˻˵Ԫ޾ﵽˡ
ˣʲôʱԪ޽ɣôͻˣ
ԼҲǿϲܴﵽĳɾͣ˾Ȼôʱʹﵽˡ
ǵ֪ĵһӦǽҪϵĺôأ
뵽ˣʵλҲûĹȫ֪˵ô
꣬ʥ޺Ρ
ԴΪ鲻Ҫע춨ĺ޲Tˣĺ⡣
ʴˣֻԺⲿвںڲǴע
꣬˶˲ˡ
ԼˣûڲԶںĵĴҲ˽⡣
ҵȽҪעһºˣֻˣҪ֪ĵĴ¼򣬽󻹻ãȻƵ˵
ͬ˵Ķԣ󲻿çײĶԺĲܲˣ˵Ҫ֪
ʱ
ֻȸʣô죿
ȸ꣬ףʵ̫顣
˺һᣬ׻ô죬ܲʾˣֻҪǣǲܾˣȻҪǾõľﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɣսʤǱôһӡˡ
ţ˵ͷ׻˵öԣô죬ȥǵˣֻҪ鷳ǲȥȻƱضڡ
ֵλȥ󣬿ĵһ´˵ݣҲһĵб޻
ãʣʥ޵˵ͷ
˺û̫ԻԼϳˣʼĵ̫ˡ
̫
ڴһ֮û뷨
˵СȲϺģݱʱ䣬ˣݱʱҲ̡
һſʼǣҪҪһٵʱ䡣
ʱһҲûã羡غģ̫磬Ҳһ׼󣬾粽Ԫ޽ɵĲΡ
˺󡭡

̫ʱմ֮ӳǰģȻǺǿյһԵ֮ء
ϡ﷨֮ޣʱʱĻжӵ쫷ʱ˺ѡ
̫ûôĵط±ƻ˺ܶεĺģ
ָ̫һŵ֪ܶණĻٻǴӱ濪ʼġ
ԭҲǿĵطҲкܶǿڡ
ֻźεĴƻ֮󣬺ıԴţʹһͺͺľشԶǿգֱӽһĩյ״̬
մ˷Ļܺĵ˥ܣǴӺĴؿʼģǱͻߵĵطֱԴš
ⷽǿվõ֤֮ǰԶ뾫شͻߣھδս֮󣬸ǻˣ˿һƬš
̫۲һ뿪˴˵أǿĶȥ

ͬʱ
ǿ׼̹׵ĵۿͶ̫һһ֮ޱ۾
֮ǰ˵ۿͶ̫һһγԵģȻһ
ñ˼ɵˣʼſԣˡ
ʼյĺ󷽲ȣҲɵȻǿջϡ٣תǿתԺо޴á
ҺĵĺܶԳΪĴڣǸǽǳ֮ǳת켣¶ǵĽ
ܶĵǣΪǿתݱġ
޲˵ǿյҪԡ
ۿͶ̫һǲǿյġ


397 ۿʼǵۿ
ˣҪȹϳҪǿޱ۾Ĳء
ۿͶ̫һǺޱཻ꣬棬ҲԣΪˡ
ޱӦǻãޱӦ
κΣΪ˵޷ˡ
뵽˺ֿܶܣõǣޱ۾Ӧͬԡ
ǣ²ӦҲҪΪˣޱʶȤ뿪ǿգǿճ׵ıƿأεİ취
ǣޱӦϣҲ뿪ǿգҪǿգһƺһΨһľˡ
뷨һޱ۾
Ȼ
ʵܲпᣬһ̸޹֮󣬳ľ档
ֻۿ˵ޱѣ˵ǿվҵһΣĲ͵ѳΪˣκΪ˵ֵ޷ˣֻ뿪ǿվͺá
ޱŭˣǿʦԼģۿȻԼ뿪ԼҪ뿪ˣʦԼɲʦ档
ۿֵǲ񣬾ȻԺģѵǲ֪ǰҲĴڣޡʳ塢ħȣȫɢˡ
ۿͶ̫һֱ
ԼҰģҰĵķΧֻǿգʦжѣԼɲԺģľ档
ޱЦ¶޿ܣǲҪˣཻһΪ˸ԵĵĶԡǣʹƶ뿪Ǿֻһˡ
⻰˵ĵۿһ̾Ϣ
ԸĶ̫һȴŭˣޱʶģֵཻܺã˹ͬԺģ㵱ʲô˶ֵܿνӣ˺֪ô

ޱЦˣʵЦƶ֪ô
ޱЦʲôҰģ֪ηǺ˵ԾԵģҿԵǰ;ûУǰ;ܴ󰡣
ѽޣ̫һŭˣǳޱӦˣȻֵܡߣ㵨С󣬲Ҫñ˶һ

ܣ
ޱչиɣҲʯ١
ʶ̫һ֪ޱ̾ϢһۿһȰҪȥԺģû򵥣ĺΣյġ
ޱ˵󣬵ۿһü
Ƕ̫һмС͵Сֵܲġ
̫һۿü̫һ磬ĪҪƾϻȻͬǾͲΪıɡͽѵһļһ
ĵļţ˶̫һԸ
ΪֱĺģԭҲö̫һĸ߰ͽٶѡ
ãۿʵޱѿ֪һЩܣ
ޱĻޱΣǾ֡
ޱü񾼾Ķŵۿƺڿۿʵ뷨Ҳƺڿô˵
һʱ䳡еѹ֣ҪӵĶʶۿˡ
ãޱŵʵȷеţĺܲ򵥣ΣաԶǵĴҲйԺĵľ棬ֹһΣһ⣬ΪĴʣĶˣҺܲҡ
ĪҪſڴƻƣ㡭ʸҪ죡

ޱǿŵۿҳϿҵ˵Ķģлѻ𣡡
˻
ޱ˵֮󣬶̫һˡ
һѹֵĳĬ󡭡
˾޴ı仯̫һйˣۿȴЦˡ
ֻʵǵѿ֪Щﶼ𣿻˵ʧѵûгɹ˵ˣЩưԵĽڣ
⻰꣬ޱȻһ
һοۿʱ򣬵ۿ۹ˣԼԭ˽ۿ˵û˽
ۿҲѣЩҵֵĵʱ򣬻һЩսĺۼУҲɹĪΪֵͷһȾ;԰ɣ

ۿһЦֵǵΪǾ̫Сֵˣǿǹܶ࣬äĿľͨղŵѵ֣Ȱ棬Ѿ϶һЩܣǡ
ļãۿ
ۿŵѵΪʧܾͲȥĺڣѵΪܻͲȥڣҵķʽѵûгɹ𣿳ɹĵõĺôѵֵȡǿ׼˹ȥҵĸ

ޱȻԶԡ
һ֮ǰʦ˵һУʱӮˡʳҲӮˡҲӮˣħҲӮˡ
Ӯ˵ģͰԼʦ
ޱֲֹʦԼԽԽˣѵҴʦҲ˿𣿻ʦҲͣûУ
Ȼ
ޱˡ
ˣ˵ģһ·˺̫ӻģͲҰ֮ˣȻԵҲûҪֻĻѡ
˿̵ޱˡ



398 ʳν
ۿֵҲףԸ͵㲻ȥԣ󻹲ʧʧȻעܻΪβѡԼϲķʽأ
ҡ
ۿһ̾ҵȶһǱƿأȻˣȻӲǾ԰ɣƣ˺Ҿˡ
ۿĻ̫һѪڣҲޱеࡣ
պ·̫û뵽һ档
ν粻ɣۿһϯ̫ܶθڣǾﵽԪ޽ֱ̫̬֮仯ˡ
豹ܾˣ̫Լ֮󣬶һЩˡ
ͬʱҲˣоƿ򣬿ڱǺġ桱
뵽ǰԼʵĹν̫㴫иۿġ
֮ǰй뷨һֱûȥҲûҵʵĻᣬҲ֪ۿܴܲﵽԼҪ״̬
˵ۿһ̫ÿԸˡ
Ȼ̫뷨ˣ۽ˣԶһЩҲˡ
һУԼκγνУ֮ǰʵȳνֻ֮һˡ
ˣûõʳνǰĵۿҲһʵԸȡ
˵ۿʵĳƺǵۿɾʵĳƺ
ԼĴڣԶڵۿ֮ǰɾһƺʵĳƺǶģҪʲôɾͶѡ
ѵûʵĳƺۿͲǵۿˡİһƺ̶һǲԵģ̫һо
˵ʣʣеۿ
ǺҪһЩ飬徴η£ƺʣѵͲ
̫ÿԣ;ͬġ
̫ìܣĵУҲìܺƽ⡣
ȱ١
Ҫ̫һ·ֻ˿ϷϽûһ˿ìܣܲĳɾ͡
˵ìܺͱ仯۽ɾ

̫ۿⷬشʵĳƺۿ
̫ʵĳƺǵõسϵģԭ켣û̫Եۿɾ˴˳ƺ
̫Ĵڣ̫ȥۿǵòӦе˵ġ
һߡ
˵ۿĻش֮ޱ۾ìܡ
͵ۿԣʦԼ
ҪǲͬۿĻҲʦԼ͡Ȼк͵ۿϺΣյء
뷨ޱһգôѡˡ
á
գޱѡ˰Ͱࡣ
֮ǰǿʧأܸ˾޴Ӱµۿ˵ˣ׵ա
οĵ͵ۿ̫һһۿʵ˾ܽ졣
ˣ෽Ǻޱҡҡͷ
õۿһ̾ϢҲĶ̫һѣ룺綼˵ˣޱ£ȻС󲻿ͣȻǾ¼ˡ
ߣ粻ҪˣޱС˵ʲôӦģȻˣǾʹһսɣ˲ɱΪЧ߰ϳǿա̫һĺǳ
Ȼ볹׵Ĵɱޱ˽Ը񣬴˿̵ĴޱϵޱˣҲɱǷȥҪǣֻҪԼֵƿǿվͺá

ۿһ̾ΡֵȻˣޱǾ¼аɡ
˵꣬ۿҲԥʱͼ鸡֣лһǰʱõĶ鱦֡
䵶һתϳֺ͵ۿ̫֮ʮֵϡ
˵ۿͶ̫һĿֶ̫
һʱ䣬ſƺ󣬵ۿǿޱе㵣ǡ
ֲεĽ֣ķˮ࣬˭ҷˮǲˡ
ޱһۣ˶鱦Ҳİ鱦һǳΪǳԴۣлһ˺ܶ౶ǳӡȻǼƷ鱦
ò˵˵һ鱦Ϳó˵˺ǿ󣬳塢ԪӡԼڤӣܵۿޱǰʮԣġ

ޱѣֽཻ꣬һ
õۿʧƶȫԸ

¡
ǳ
̫㣡
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ȻԪ޽ɲǷѵʱ̣ԼֻǲһʩչȻǿ𶯣ҪԼȫԸ˵ˡǿա
ޱ͵ۿ˲Ȧˣֻһ̴̻Ӵһ֮󣬲ǵֶͨΣǵ鱦ȫһ÷ɿˡ
һɱԴĿ־壬ޱȵĽš
һ߹սĶ̫һԼޱȵ⣬ϾǼƷ鱦ȻֵӣֳͿĸо֡
ҿӵ˲䣬ǵĴ˲ӿ֡
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һֵ߸ԵĴڣ˵𺳡
ңֻޱȻ㼤ĳݣۿͶ̫һѾ֪ôˡ
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˵֮ǰޱԵġ˼ɡ
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ۿͶ̫һ뵽ˣе޵ĸо
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ǵۿͶ̫һȻֻ֣һŵľ磬Ȼλǰһ仰ͱˡ
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⾿ʲôΪȻһ仰Ч
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ƺˣȴڴɱԼѴ֮ԼбҪ
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֣̿ޱŵû뵽̫ȻǵԼС
ǶˣӦǵۿͶ̫һɣ̫ʵԵø
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ȻҲ̫ͨļ仰Ͷ̫һһƺλǰϵĺܰ
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ȿȣǶ̫һԸçײǲɵĴ˵ɶɶɣ㻹ҷԲɡ
ǣû뵽ˡ
ֻ̫ҲգҲգǱ̫ĸǸһ°ɡ
ֻ̫һ֣˵Ԫ
ȻǴӴ޿ʼ쵽ǲ̫ݱǻɫĻǲòǻɫĻȼպģҲȼջ硣
һΣǱΪǿޱȵ̫ԭôԶ·Ҫߡ
ԭλǰղ˵ԼʩչĲҲ̶ģǴ



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Ĵսʥ˲ս֪
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ģ֪ڱʲôڴ˿̫汾ĺġ
ԼΪһĻʱʱĳɶһ£ʱʱһ£ıһ£Ŀ
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֣ܽᷢԼģʼԼԤϲġ
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ҪԼĳνиˣҲԼһЩһ㡣
ϣԼĻʱܹľһ㣬ԼΪһͺżʵߣԵõ˼ջ

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̫˰ֵ޷ҲǵıǱղЩĽ
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ֵ̫˵ĺܶԣҲ˵úܺáȻԾǵ·Ǿ޾һе߹ȥҪ̫ʧܣ𣬱֮ǰܶеʤߣԱңڣԱΪԱ޾壬ԱƿԼˡ
̫һԡõۿͶ̫һѪڣǾ䣺޾壬ƿԼˣ̫ǿˡ
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̫֮ǰҪԺģǿ֪ΪΣ
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ţ̫˵ͷȷ࣬ʱ鶼ԳƺΪ
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͵أ̫Ȼʵǿ֪ԴͷģǺ˶ΪΪ𣿡

ۿͶ̫һһȦ˵ôߴϵô֪ⲻΪ
ޱȴǰݴ֮ƺԴڵٺ͵ڰʱڣ˵
˵˵ţޱ𾴵Ŀ̫Լ˵ö̫⡣
˵޷
ǣޱ
Ҳ֮ǰǿ˵ģֻǴǰǿ鶼ˣûҲ߻ع鱾Դˡ
Ҳеܣ֮ǰ˵ġ
ô˵֮ƺǰ̫ǰĪĹ



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ͨޱ۾һͣۿͶ̫һһ֪ĳƺ
ԭʱĳνôġ
ޱֵ̫ʦԼ֮ʱΪʣʡԣ춨֮£̫֮ʦһνѡ
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ԭǰλޱƺΪ̫ʦǰȻʵĳƺ
̫ޱ˵Ĵ룬Ҳ͵˵ͷ
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ǰɡۿ͵һԼȻҲӹν̫ӹˣе㲻ҡ
̫ľܾ̫޷һƺѣ˵˿ʼʱȷй٣Ҳǰãʮƪѡ
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һĻޱ۾ǻȣйҲĳ嶯
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ԣʦ˵ˣҲޱԸ
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⻰˵꣬ޱ۾ͷ󺹣ô˵Լʦҿ̫ʦҪǱ˴򲻹Ҳƴ
ֵ̫ʦӦҲˣԲŻ˵оСԼĵͿɣĪҪ̫뷨
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ˡ
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ޱ۾ˣΪ̫ĳ֣һȻͬĵ·
ۿ֣Ҳٲһѡ
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ʱƳ˱仯˵˱仯ͻһɲ䡣˱仯ųֵı仯Ӷ仯ȥ
ڱ仯ĺ뻵˭˵׼ΪԤ֪ԲŻᾫʷ׳ʡ

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϶ͷ̫֮⣬һμĺŮԴ
ǣ˹վְݼޱʦ֡
˵ģ̫һۣоӵ۹ⲻ붼Ƕ
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˵ΪҲܸߣҪʱԼܰﲻæ
˺ͺͳأܶĿζͬΪŮԴԵʣԼλŮӺġ
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ڣ̫ҪչͻƻԪ޽ɣԺܶలŶҪۿĳνУ˺Ůİ
Ȼǿյ飬һЩ飬ҪԼһ
˺̫Ҫع̫磬гʱıչأԪ޽ɲһЩȻˣ;Ľ

ӹŮ̫һݣܾĶһ鱦Ҫĺܡ
̫һ֮󣬷ֵۿͶ̫һҪһʱ䣬Ҳʹ˵Ⱥˡ
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ʶ̫˵ǿ֮ѾɣʹȥɡһȰˣѭĪҪհǰ˺ҲĪҪ·գҲһֿ飬ֻҪȹ˽һƬ̹;ԣδΣҲáɾҲգҪѭģһǰ
̫˵󡭡
һޱ۾һ
̫һ͵ۿԼغ˺ͶˣҲܶʣԣ̫Լǳ֮ĸ򣬸ޱ۾
˹У̫һۻڴеĵۿͶ̫һһۣ뿪ˡ


402 ıϺ
̫뿪˺ͺͳޱʦǽ̸һ
ֵ֪̫ԭԭô
˺󣬺⶯ĿһۻڽܴеĵۿͶ̫һ
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ʦҲǵۿ𣿡˺ʵ
ޱ۾̾ǰ̫ʦ˵öԣȻ϶Լĵֱǰʧֺη̫ʦʦȣǾǰңؼ䡣
ǰ˺ͬĵ˵ͷԼʦֵľоܺá
Сұȴϲ£˿һ۽㣬̾ϢһҲû˵
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ȻһĶӦˣֻǺܶ˲֪𶯵Դ
ǲ֪ʵĴѾ˼̳ˣܺһֵᣬʽĻˡ
ۿͶ̫һ֪ޱ۾ҲҪ룬ǹͬŬʱֵܸˡ
Լֵܣϲ˵ޱϣıĵ״
˴˺һƻޱʱǿգǿ顣
ۿͶ̫һȴǰĵǰļ

˵̫
̫ҪгʱıչأһЩҪһ¡
ʶ̫ѸٵķϷ塣

̫Ϊչ׼ʱ˱ջ׼ͽˣϺ
ΪԵջ񣬲̾ãʶϣϺ
Ϻ׺ɣ仯ܴ
ħ֮Ժ󣬵Ϻȥ˾ųɣΪĸ֣ҲΪԲǰչز
ʱϺߵĸҲ̫ҽɵĲΣռ˴
Χ飬ǼôǰϺܡ
Ϻĵ̺͸ȴǼ̳
ںĺܶ˲֪УϺʱʵǳ˶еطġ
ˣϺʢʿĸԣ׼ͽһ㶡
һٵľ޵̳˺ܾĽףܶϺʿ˽׻۵ѡ
׼̤޴ĺϣһͼ
ʦ֣Ϻƺ򵥰׼ʵ
˵ͷ˵ǲ򵥣ȴ֪
ǰ˵ǣϺһЩ鶼ֻ֪˵Ϻ򵥣ﲻ򵥣Ҳ֪׼˵
˲ֹһεϺ˵Ϻǲ򵥡
һ֮ЩϺҲ֪ﲻ򵥣ƺӹഫô˵
˵ģĸžˡž޵顣
һ˵˴㣬͸ǿ
Ϻںܶлߵĵطȴ쳣ǿ뷱٣ǺŨ
ƺϺûƻһ
ò˵ǲ¶ˣɽͶٵı֮ǰսƻΨϺûһ˿ƻ
ǰϺȷȲطʱƣĵطٵƻ֮Ϻһɲģȴ˶ġ
ֲʿ˵ط鶼ɵӣϺܻߡԼ֪ԼϺĺôҲû署׼
ȷҪĵطҲ᲻˵͵͵ĸˣֻϺŲ˶⡣
ռôȻ׼˵
ţһ㶣һ۵ʦܡ
ðɣǵĸʼǵ֤֮أϺȻûдڣ˵˽ܵ飬ˣΪǿǣҲܵеùôడԥ˵
ˣʦˡ׼Ц
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׼˵ϺȷûдܻΣ˵㣬Դ񣬵ֵǲռݵġǿԻˮ㣬԰Ѵ˵ŨԴḻϢȥҶ˵˵ûд˵㴫һЩҰ֮᲻ۺǰᡭ
ֵʱϺضֻҪˣֻҪɱˣǵĻˡ˶֪㣬ʱǿ԰Ϻ飬Щϲսҵȥǵĵ̣ҲɵǸһΪǰʮĴܣȫԺϺ飬˺һǣһԵõ˲ţԵõƬٵϺʱϺԴбǵļƻҪá
׼һýĶˡ
׼˵ģϺ˺ˮ㡣ۺԴ鱦Բᡣ
ԼվǸһϺ顰ֵ顣
ԼΪǰʮĴڣأڴԼǰ£ðŵԼ˵ǰ£Լᡣ
һԼ˾ܳΪϺͷˡ
˺԰ϺԴŲƵͿԵˡ
ò˵׼ļƻ
ֻǡ
ǲ֪ЩˡĴڣҡ
һϺ˵ΧҲͨļƻƿϺġ
һܻԿͷ



403 
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ԪׯǰƾնŭµĴ
˵ܡ
֮ǰ׷ɱԪӲã޼գͬʱʶԼȱ㣬Ϊǲ̶ѡ˻ɽչء
ڲǰΪͻƣ̫Ϊﵽ˵ػĲΣԭʼͨ죬ҲﵽͬĲΡ
ڱпɼľ磬˵ֻǱչͻƶѣԿó˵ĵ̺ʹС
ĳغ󣬷ΪԪӵĽʹԪ롣˳֮ǰ׷ɱԪӲãҲԪӵĨˡ
ʲôΪУʲôˣʲô˶ڵȡ
֮غ󣬲ˣҲˣֵܷŭˡ
Ԫӣôţʵĵ͵˵ĽҲˣĨǡ
˶Ƥˡ
ˣ˳غ˽ľѸٵԪӣɱˡ

ԪҲգû뵽Լ˼Ҳˡ
һԼһ˶Ծˣޱȵܡ
һ˵壬ϻ治Ƕ֡
ңҪǱĵط˵򲻹ܣϾԼԾ˴򲻹ˡ
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ҪǹȲ˵ĲҲ˺ġ
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壬ƶƲߣԪŭա
£ȴѡ
ֻѸٵķɳ󣬶²ɳ˼ܾˡ
ö˵׼ˡ
壬Ҳ񣡡
ԪһȣѸٵķɳ󷨣ֻȫװϢԴ
Ҳ񣿡ԭʼŭ֮ǰֵܴ仨ˮһ·㾹Ȼ˼мĨֵܣնưոݡ
ߣǿʶģֵܡԪӱŭˣôߵڰأ
û˵꣬Ѿ˵ˣֻһŭȣĻһϮ
ɣԪӶʱһ㶣ѸٵķֿӵĹ
֣ͨһȣѸٵİΧԪӡ
˲䣬˵ǿֶΣͳͳʩչ˳
ļã
紦ʼˡ
֮ǰԪӽкܶѡׯ۲ԶУû뵽Ȼͷĸо
˵Ĵսһʱ춯أ

˵Ҳɣ
һʯˣѵ£ݷһδСʦԪӡ
֪ԪںεأԪӽԪӵĵ˲䱻֪ˡ
£˴ǰݷһ
˻˺ܶ࣬Сʦܵ顣
ߣ徹۸СʦܣñӼ̹ŴĺᣬҪѵһѵ֪˶۸ԪӺŭ˵
Ҳȷˣʦĺ󱲣ʦ̹Ŵн飬ֵԪǶĴڣҵȣҵҲཻһ۸Сʦܣ˶ѵһ
˵൱İ˵꣬ʯȶ˵ͷ
ǺŽᣬһֱˡ
δСʦܣҲ˶Դ
Ȼ
ףԣǰдƺСʦܵĵ
ļãʯ˵
˵ʶɨֵȷˣãڹСʦܵĵ
д壬λʦʦãǰȥ֧Ԯʯʶɨһ֮˵
һ˵꣬ʣ˶ʱŭˡ

ԶԾԪӣ˿е಻Եĸо֮ǰԼں󣬱Ϊ壬û뵽ָˡ
Ҫ̫˵ʱʹã̲סˡ
ԪӵĹºܶ࣬оųɵİգֻҪǹ£ΪһΡ
öҪڹؼĵطԪһֱû
˿̣ˣֻˣͻᶪûˡ
ȻԪҪܲסµʱ򣬺Ȼһŭȴ
˺ֻһӡһ̡һ̫ȥ
һĻԪһ㶣嶼ˣô£
ңǹ˴ڶĲΣֻΣƺأʱֳȸ֣һ
ңͺԼֵܿ⻹ԼϤĺ
ܡܣ̫ӣѸٵļ籦ʱ޴Ĺ籦
̫ҲܣСһνף鷳ˡ
Ⱥˣ屻籦ס֮ӽĿ˵
лλѣԪҲɣлһ
Ҳû壬ֻһŮԪӣź΢ЦӣԪеܳĸоǸ
ʯѴ޺ڣֻ岻ܴɱʶֻʾڶĲζѡ

Ԫʦܣ




404 ʦֵž
ԪˣҲˣô£
λԪʵ
о鷳ˣʯ顢ĶˣֻҪжҪܴһʱҲжֻܿŮѯԪӡ
ԪӵĻ΢΢һЦʦɺ˵㻹λʦʦ֣
һʣԪӶʱˣȳɵˣͬŵģ߸˵ǵʦ鷳ˡ
ôҲףԼǿôʲʦ
˵ʦָúεΪ
ֱ߸
ѵԪӴʵ
ЦˣûǾʦʦ㣬ʦ㡣
ԱϣԪһ䣬֣صԪӰݼλʦʦ㡣
ȷˣ̫ʦ˵ļλʦʦ֡
ȻԪӵϲľ
ѻԪӼ̸ȴסˣʦãȽҪ£ɲ١
εͷԪһ㶣룺Լλʦе鷳
ʱʯΪʦֿʼ˵ˣ壬ʦ̹Ŵֿѣε۸֮Сʦܣû𣿺ߣҪǿ̹ŴϣҪɱȣʦ£ûܹ˵ѹһУ˺ĪҪȺڡ
̹ŴϣʯҲܴɱ壬ֻܽѵһ١
ʯ顢ľˣǵΪ컨޺ڣԶղ롰ػġ
ȫֻ֣ѹһΪڴڡ
ֻӴڣʯȾḻ޴һУʱеܡ
Ȼ籦Ӳǽ˶ܣ˺Ҳҷʲôݻֻܻ뿪ˡ
˵ӰɲС
е߸ԼǿôԪӻʦôǿʦʦ֣⻹ԼϤĺ
ɶʱôˣ
ԭʼĽֻ̤ʡ

ʯˣߺ󣬱Ԫׯۡ
Ԫӱ˲ι˲ι죬ԪӸ˵Ĵдλʦʦ㡣
ʦܣׯôǻ̫أѴֵģǿԪӵĵ
ԪѾܿ϶ˣԼλʦ㣬ԵĴڣܰ˵Ļ̫⣬ԸҲϲ
ֻǡʦһ࣬ʦŮʦľګʦֳ裬ʦСұʦ档
λʦʦ㶼һ̾ʦ۹ڣô˶һء
ʦ˵ǣʦ˵Ԫɣ˵ĵӣҲܸУʦΪ£ﲻʦҪ󡣡
ԪҲ̫УǴﲻ̫˵λʦʦľ
ѽҲǰʦҲ˵ǼӣֻвԪɲܳΪŵӡѿ˲ι˵
̫磬ĹӳԵĶˣֻ˵ʵģȻҲ⡣
ǺǣԪһЦ˵ʲô
֪ԭʦеӵҪ󶼲డﵽʦҪ󣬲š
ʯȴԪʦԷƱ֮ʦ˵ڶħֻǻ˶ѣֻҪŬܴﵽʦҪ󡣡
Ԫ˵ʦ˵ǡ
λĬĴʦ֣ԪһʱҲҹֻ֣ܰմʦʯԸ
ȻҲˣԼλʦֿ󣬵˵ƺԼĶʦ㡣
˽̸һ֮󡭡
ʵԪʦôǵ壿
Ԫ󲻸Լ˵һ飬λһ
ߣ֪ˣղŲ׷ŹǣȻ˱ɣڸ̹ŴĨڡߣʯˣԭʼ
̹Ŵĺᣬô˲ҲԾˡ
̹Ŵΰû뵽ʧ
ΨЦʵԸһʦ˵̳̹ŴͬԸѣǵ֣֮Ҳ޷ֶԴѡ
Ԫλʦʦһһ̹Ŵʲôʦֿѣеɵۡ
֪ʦ̹ܺŴϹϵ
λʦʦ㣬ʦεȴڣôС֪ԪӺܻ̿֡
Цˡ
ʦܣֻҪ֪ʦ˻һ飬֤̹Ŵ٣ҲйڻͺľͿɣҲ̫֮ʦΰھˡ
áðɣԪӶ˵
ԭʦԼĻҪϣԼĻҪΰ
Ȼΰ󵽣ǻһ飬Ȼ̹ŴΪѣֻǡ
ֻʦǺεȴڣ
һߵˮʹ硢£ȫ̶źʯˣһ֪Լүôʦô޵еʦʦ㡣
Լү̫ˣǰ˶ֵĴȰԼòиˡ

ʦ֪ܿʦõʮ
Ԫӵ֪ǰʦʮ֮ƶиʦ֮˲ǰڻ󣬲
Ԫһ̾ǰãħ޲TٿħΪƶƶ붨ɣҸʦ֮ʦȥħ޲T鷳ˣôҲ֪ʦôˣ
ףʲôʱ飿
ԪӵһԪǰɣձʦõʱ򡣡
ԭ֮ǰʯ
Ԫòʵλʦʦ㣬ѵҲδʦˣ
ʯ̶һۣڴЦ

һЦЦԪĪ
͵Ԫʦ֪ܿܲʦҲʱһʧܾʮֳʱʧһٶС˵Ǽʦһʱǵħ֮ʱ򣬴˺ûʦϢʦеķ
Ԫӽһ̫ϰߣԪĿ࣬ԭԼʦô֣ϲ
ȻʦĵڶҲܺ棬룺Լ֪Ļкܶࡣ
ֻԼﲻʦ˵ĻԪɣֻҪûǸΣͲȥʦҲܹ˵̫ĵӡ
˺󡭡
һ۵֮ԪǳλʦʦȻǻĹĴڣ۵ŵ֪λʦʦ㾹ȻǴ޺ڵĸ֣侭͸ԼһЩܣԪӴ۽硣
˵ˣ̫ʦ˰˴ͲӺͺ«ˡ
ҲԪ˵̫磬˵Ԫޱȵ
Ҳǵһףλʦʦ޵ǴԼ޵
˵ҲôʦûԼأ
ԪѵԼͼλʦʦ㲻ͬǲԼҪ˴ʧȥܶԵԼӵʱע
ʦ㰲ţ˵ûǲܵġ
ʦ㵽ԼδԼ˵ҪԶúá
ʯȣһԪӸеʦ˵Ķħĸţ̫ˡ
ԼɾͣʱĻۣλСʦȴǱԴ񣬸ǿ
ҪԼ˻κ磬ʦԼıȲԪʦܡ



405 鱦Ϻ
Ԫӡʯ۵ׯ۵ʱ
һϢѸٵںĴˡ
˵𣿡һ˵Ϻʵߣ˽ܵ飬⣬Ȼ޴ͨ߻Σ˵ĺĶ
˵ˣϢĺܹ㣬֪λһϺ㣬Ϻʮֵаıأ˵ʵɶ񡣡
ǰϺʵĿɶ񡣡
Ҳô˵˵Ϻܴڣ˵ߵĸҲ̫ҲΣԱѣ룬ҪϺ㡢˽ܵ鱻֪ˣǵ𣿡
ţǵ뱻˽Ҵˣ˵ܶȥϺϣá
ҪҪȥȻϺ˽ܵӰȴûиִڣ˵ǰȥҲһջ񡣡
ףȥ˵ջ񡣡

һʱ䣬Ϻﻪ챦˽ܵϢѸٵںĴˡ
ǶϷȵأڶ࣬ǵ֪˻һ鱦֮󣬲ܶԲԣ벻ܴҪǰȥѰһſɡ
ʶһʱĸֿʼϺȥ
ڷɽ
磬˵Ϻ㣬˵ܶҪǰȥѰһԵŮ˵
һԸٵķЦһЦǺιأɽ㣬ȥ˻ˮ
ţ˵ǣҲûʲôҰģȥȥɡ
ǵ͵ǿĴУгֵ鱦ʴ˶ᣬһֱڵȻ̬ȡ
̫õʮ֮˶ȥ
һ٣һ裬˺ò

ﱻ˸ϻص壬յĴ̫ˣֵܲпķ֣ԭô֡
ǸԪӾȻʦֱ𣬲ܵ鶼ˣʲôϺ˽ܵ飬˭ȥܡ
ɽѹѹ˵
Ϻ棬˭ܡ
һĻˡ
ֵܸϻɽ;Уɽһ֮أȻĲ
˺һ
ѵˣ鱦˷ܵ˵
ˣ硢ܣǰĪҪ׬˱ˡԭʼҴҵ˵
˸ϵʱ򣬷󷨵ػѾпޡ
˲Ѵ֮ƿ󷨡
ƿʱֵܶʱˡ
ֻһ鱦ҫҫԣתȥǲ
鱦֮ҲֻѸٵķˡ
̫ӵõ鱦һǣ˾ƣͭ׵ƣһǰϽ¯
ԭʼһõ鱦һǣƣһǣԪУԪԭʼУ
ͨ죬Ҳõ鱦һǣǴƣһϵ紸-ġ
ֵܣһһƣ˾ơƺǴƣƶ˶鱦Ҳϸá
Ȼνĺϸãİš
⣬ӵİϽ¯ʬ֮һ̫ϾĿҷ
ԭʼĻԪУҲǲɶõ鱦ϡ
ͨϽ-ģûõֵ컯֮Ƽʹ˺ĽʱĿǰǿĹ
õ鱦ֵϲ⡣
ÿһޱȵϣƺΪ׼ġ
ܴڵõ鱦˰˵ģõһ˿İο
һΪʲôô񣬲û˿Դǣҵܵõ鱦ԸԽԽԴ
ǵ鱦˵ˮһ
˰ţ˵Ը
ԭʼЦˣ磬ҵֵ̹ԪעдˣôЩ鱦Ϊ׼ġ
һɨ˵
ˣȴ˵Ҫ࣬ıҪӣԪӵļλʦʦ֪ǶΪ治֪ǵʦöǿǴУ޽Ϊ壬ѵǵʦǴԲɣ˵˵ǲ֪ĸ߾磿
ⲻܰɣͨ쾪̾
Բ˵Ǽǰ׷ѵģ֪ǳ֮ǰиԶʱ
Ǵ֮ϵľ磬Ǹо˼顣
˵ԼֵţܻиߵľԼ֪
ǣԪλǴڵػʦԲֻСļѣܣиߵľͲΡ
˵ЩˣǻֵģΪ֮ץǵõ鱦ץһĵܣ֪ġ
ֵûˣʯ˵ǵʦ̹Ŵйأƺǲ¶Ǳض򵥡
ϸ˼άܣʯļ仰Уһ˿

˺ֵܣҲϺԣʼصչˡ
˳յõ鱦
硭
Ϻﻪ챦˽ܵ顢ûиϢȴĴˡ
·ǰϷ̫֪ˣһ֮󣬷ǽ׼һĹ
ҪԼᣬϺܻԼ㶨
˵ң̫綼һЩˣȥϺƻӦҪùˡ


406 Ů
壡
һǵȺ
еĸּģһЩջβõˡ
СĴﵽĲκѾ峤λýͿɽ
Сһ̫ĸ֣һؾС
ʱ˶֪ԼȺУһǿĴڡ
ΨһģǴȺĵĵ
峤ͿɽŮСĿҵתĵһʧ
Ķ
ʱһͿĶĳ˼ֻ峤Ϳɽ˹
סͿĶӯӯһݡ
ͿĶ֣СģϲȺСͿɽܵ峤λãҲΪͿĶӰġ
Լеġġ֣ͿĶʹˣóСͿĶĿá
ڳ˼ʲôͿɽ֮ǰͿĶ˼ʵ
ͿĶݸҡҡͷף峯ݵ̫ôͺĳֵʮϣǵӡ̵ġ̫أ
ǺǣɡͿɽ֪Ķһ㣬û̫ʿһУóλǰ𾴡
ͨ;ĵطʼջ̫ĵ
ͨĵϺϣڻԵ֮£һЩͨ⾳
˵̫ĵںĵλѾΪ˺֮
֪Դ̫ǺˣΪ峯ݣΪκ޴ǰϢͿĶʵ
ѽͿɽƺһĽԴҲҪںʱڴˣΪҲ֪嵫ʺõģǿģӴ˵ϸһЩ⾳ͨ˵֮ڡ
Ϳɽһ̾ڣ̫ǺˣΪҲֻ֪Ǿݴ̫ǰжߵİһ·λǰİ
Ҳ֪𣿡ͿĶһ㶡
˵Լĸ峤ô峤֪ġ
Ǻǣ֣嵮ڻĹʱˣ׺ɣʱ̫Զˣ˭ȫ˵ء
ͿĶȻ뵽ӡУһλġҾ御ĳСʱļ䡣
λҲеĸֻ֣ǺܾòˣλǰܹذԼԼһ֣λǰкģԼͿĶ
λǰ֪ɣǣǰþòˡͿĶ˸е
ǺǡͿɽ΢΢һЦû˵ʲô
Ȼ֪ģһλ峤ҲǺ棬ֻǲ˵Ůˡ
ڸŮһĬʱ
Ȼ
ֻһתػȻˡ
ʱˣ˲һеʶ͸֪ƺ˲ӡһ
ͿɽͿĶˡ
ô¸ףͿĶһš
Ϳɽ˵һһҴĵԪ
Ϳɽһ㶣ʧ޾µġ
˵һˣҪĿã򲻿֪Ϳɽʣ˶Ҫ֪
ͿɽҴ⣬æ壬סˣĪҪ£˵ղŵתԼһͨ£ʱͺˣĪҪ¡
Ϳɽ˺󣬺ȻԼŮͿĶ

ҪŮҲתƵʱֻ޴Ĺ㳡ǰ̫ĵǰһ޾µϣͺĳˣһһλȺĻҪʳڵŮҲˡ
ͿɽΪ峤˴޳ڵΪ
ǣһǵΪ󣬷͵ĶԼҪͶǴڵĲΡ
Ϳɽǵһ֪ԭлôǰˣԼȺȻǿĲ˼鰡
Ϳɽݼ棬ݼλϡͿɽҲðŮʱתƣΪͿĶѾɵˣеλ޷ǰˡ
ɡһ֣ĲΣɵͿɽ
˳˻֣ɵ۵ͿĶСѾͷɡ
棡
ǣǰ棡ͿĶһ֪ԭλǰԼȺ档
Ķ˵̫ϳħҲǱӻӻĹĶˣ˵֮治ΪҪ
ͿɽͿĶһ¡
б涼ǿ̫ϳϣӣȻλλƺĪⰡ
ȺУôô֣صĺܡ
ǲʲôħ»Ĺʱ˵ҲֻһԶ
Σ𾴾ͺˡ
ʶŮ˶һݡ
ͣվ˺󣬸Ů˺ʶȤ˵һ߲˵ֻŶҲ廰

ûˣһλǵħ֮УֻǾһƳѣ벻𻹼ǵǡеĳϸ̾˵
ԭ֪̫Ҫ塣
Ǽˣ̫ÿܸ޴ĺô
ȻôǶ̫𾴡
ͿɽͿĶŵиֵĽ̸
ƺһλǰҪݷãһλеǰλܺԼͳǣСҪһ
ͺñԼһļҪ
͸ŮԾˣʲô죿


407 뱾
㣬û˵ʲô𣿡Ķʵ
ݸһЦ̫û˵ֻ˵һڸʲô̫û˵
ĵ
̫棬˵ǰһҲû˵ʲôŪú䶯ˡ
Ȱɣһ̫˾ˡ

ͿɽͿĶԼˣ̫ѡʲôġ
ԼȺУǵ
ѵ˵ǵıҪˣǸһֱӻԼȺǰҪˡ
߸˸Ů֪
һֱУҪʥĴڣȻҪˣ֪˵

Ƴָ̫һ㣬㵽׼ͽƣû⣬Ǽȥ
̫޾£ȻǱ̫սӻʱڣΪû£ǵĲˡ
̫ʱ˻֣Թĸ֪ƿأһֱ޴۵ʱҲ۵Ĵ޵
޴ڣֻҪз̫һֶΣȫ֪£һΡ
ԣ̫յߣһǾĴ֣С궼岻ã޵ǿҪԶʤˡ
Ͼε񣬾ܸ̫һ磬Ȼǻ
óߵǿ
һڣĿǣûǰ޿ǰǵʳġ
壬ҲǱġ
ԣ̫Ԧٺʱ̫ƣûκвͨˡ
ƣһ£ƺԴĿֲȻˡ
Ҫ峤˵ڽһͨԣµƵѹôʱ˱
׻˵һһǿںû˵һһ
ড
һУҪǺĻסͿɽͿĶ˵˶ˡ
ɵˣʲô
ôĿ־Ȼŷˣǽ̤ģָǺεȴڣ
ѵһֱӻԼȺǰ
̫ѡ
ģȣߵ̫𣡡
ߵͿɽͿĶɵˣеĸΪֻصķʽôеŤأ
֪η𣿿⣡
̫һɲ䣬˵ҲܲΨԪ棬ǿӦ
صϢ޷˵ĵϣ䡢ԶبšӴϢǸоõȴԡ
̫˵ͷˡ
վ̧һͷһ̫ͿɽŮڿ϶ˡ
ȻԼȺĴĵˡ
Ҳλ̫
ԭȻڡ
ѷɣϲɺء̫һΪ磬ֽԡ
ѼЦˣÿμѣоб仯ɼѵΪԽԽĪˡ濴̫˵һֱû
Ҷѡֻ̫˻ֵǶɢ˰ɣСһͿɡ
˵ţ̫ùӭԼĺɢȥˣǰݷģҲСе㽻̫ɲϲô˿š
Ҳ˵ʲôֻöɢȥˡ
ΨǻͿĶСˮʹ
ͿĶ죬ǴԵóԼĿء
̫㶯ˣԼһӡ󣬿СŮͿĶǺδĽӰˡ
ʻУͨǣĿǰõС
һ顰Ĺչĵط
ͿĶŵĶ̫һ裬ҲͿĶһ
лǰʹͣ
ͿĶһںˣ⵹ãʱˮӲͿĶ˲һֶС
ʹС̫һֱ֮Ӷˡ
εһ䣬ͿĶʹ˵ĹԼɡ

Ҳû⣬С뷨̫֪ˡ
˳ͿĶõ˺ô̫ûºȵĲˮֻнɶͿĶ˵ھת𵤡
кҪ
̸һ֮ʵ
̫Ҳ޴£𾳽ǻԪ޵ĲΣ֮󽫻չزԪ޽ɵΪأǰ˵һԪ޽ɲ򵥣ܱչصʱ컯ˣ붨ʶ״̬ʱǿϵϱ𣬹ʶǰ˵һ⡭
̫٩٩̸
СĿࡣ
棬Ȼˣ̫Ҫһˡ
𺳿֪
ֵ̫⣬ǰ޲TǱ𣬱ħ򣬺һ֮޲T٣ʱˣ˺Ҳǰǿգλͽ


408 
̫һС̫ԭ
л̫ѶλͽĴ裬˵ʦѾòˣ㰲ţҲȴ˱ҵǣҡ
̫ޱ۾˺͡صİţģ˵λͽееΡ
뵽ʱǰǿȥˡ
˺̫صǹϲ̫ѣѾҪһҪˡ
Եɺϰˣʥ޵ĺԱ𴥶ܴ˽ʡ˱ʱ䡣̫
Ҳô˵˭ԴʥˣҲ͵ˣԵѺϸд˳ɾ͡
һ̸ʱ
ĺָ˴ǰ״ֻͿɽ𺳣ȻټһףĲԼǰ㡣
ںĲɱˣǰͲԶһȺ˳ޡ
ͿɽǰƣʶԼȺǿͿɽȻǶ¡
ʼǿΪ𣬴ǰ֪ԼȺǿѶϡ
֮ͿɽԼˡ
ЩԼȺŮӵļһʱѵһˡ

̫ͺʱ
ڱڵı麣ʮֲ⣬ǰ߱Χֱ麣ĵطע鲻ࡣ
Ҳעûиǿ飬ʹҪһļƻزˡ
ǰĴϺʮָԣϢв޵̬ȣǰϺһۡ
˵ʵҲĺܣ˴ǰĹ鱦⣬ûõóֵ鱦
ͱ˶ԾʱȫͨҰǲġ
ǰϺһ̽Ҳ˻ˮ׼
ܶʿϺȻﻪ챦˽ܵϢ󣬶ʼˡ
֪䣬иϺ齥Ķ
һϢϺ֪һš
Ϻ֪ʱĹأɱˣа뷨
ʹϺԸͣҲ͵Ϣ
ǰֳ̬ˡ
Ϻ鷢֣Ȼ紫ԵϺ㣬ܶ࣬鶼ܸС
˵鱦ֿģƵĺ鱦ܳ
óϺ̺ǿ鱦ֶҲࡣ
ˣ̽һֻ֣֮Ϻһ֣󷨡ȣϺҲԽط
ĵطѵһʿʿʿϺƺ洦ɼ
Դй滮ʹãϺʮֵĸԣ
øϵ˵ص˷ˡ
ǷϺͣϲҲûЩı֮ǽȺ
֪Ӻʱʼһ̲סʿۺ֮´ɱһϺ顣
˺ֻҿʼ洦ɼˡ

ϺһС
׼ĿһĻǵļƻɹˡ
ֻҪٹһʱ䣬Ϻʿʿ׵ˮݿʼսʱ򣬾վǸһϺʱ
ʦ֣һжڼƻ֮ڣֻҪȥ꣬Ȼˮݣ˺ϺΪ棬ԶУûи֣עʧܡʱվǸһѸٵͳϺˡ
׼˷ܵ˵
ǵĸȫ棬ƻãǲ֪ʱ᲻дֵܳᡣ
϶Сܵеùǵȴ࣬˵ΪϺжԵ١
ϣˣ֪Ϊе㵣ǣϺԽǷԽǲ򵥣󷨵ʿ˶ࡣ˵ĵô޹أ᲻ỹǲ֪ĴڣƺΣˡ
ţ׼һ㶣ʦ˵ԶŻĴڣ
ǰǰ˲Сǰʮ֣أ˵ǰֶĲˣ׼ͻᱻˣǰ˵ģǴ˿̵Ϊֻһ߲εĿʼѣνߣΪֺܵİ
ʦֶˣôɱֵܾ㵹ù׼е㲻Ұοˡ
ҲգѾˣֻܼȥϣõľ档˵ͷ
ʦĪҪ̫ǣ˭֪ɢϢء׼ο˲еĴڣʱǴ뿪ˣʱ˭֪ġǰµֶΣһƲⲻġ

ҲͷһȵľѾö෬׼˲ƶ˵߸Ϻļƻ
Ȼ²ΪĶߣֶΣҪǵ˲ƿصľʱ˻Ѹٵȥ
Ϻ
ǽǧĻңڴӿʼСңķչϺĶˡ
鷢֣Ϻ̫ԣˣɶһƵĺ鱦
鱦ܵϺǳ׵ķˡ


409 
ϺһֱԴһ㣬սڴ˷
̫֮ǰԼУֺܶȺǨˡ
ֶܺսҵǨƣʹϺۼ˺ܶ鱦
´˺սħ֮УȥҲҴĵѰղش˻еĴȥѵĺ˻ӡ
־浼£ϺȷһطҪԣԣеͷ
֮ǰ̫Ϻһһ̫һ£֪
Ȱ͵ĵطȻԣ
ټûսɽƻҲ٣ʹϺӿ
ˣ鱦ͨ󷨡ڶ࣬ȻޱȵĽ
ڽ׼֮£һϺĶҲɱˡ
֣ܶĸ֣ػˮ㡣

ϺȻԣϢҥ
ϺѾõ˼鱦дɱ˵ġ
ջϲ⣬˾ʹƿϺҰġ
Ǳ麣ǻߣʶϺķ󣬾ȻΪһԣĶ
ȻҲһֵ
ϺģƺһأϺĶʼΧĶңһ򣬼̤Ķʧˡ
һɻǽ㴳ȥˡ
ٹ۲һʱ꣬ǻޱʣ涨ȥ̽һڴ鱦ĵõ
ٿ

ʱϺˣһʱսϣĵĵش˭ȥ˭֮⣬ϺΧÿ춼ս
ϺһһƬ
УϵİеԺ
֪ʱϺԣϢ˺ģ½ϺΪ
Ȼ֪Ϻ˭ĵط̾һﲻǰ£ңĮĺɻ
ѵڣ컯Ϻ򣿡ɻ
ˣݴ컯լʺ񣬺ʴȣڷһֻҪɧңΧͿɣ컯ǲˡ
ϺĸִʿֻҪǣҲΪ۵׼ء
˼һᣬһԭ
Ҫǵڣ²־棬Ҳ֪ǡն֪̫Ը
Ҫ̫Ϻôңض컯ȴĴĺܡ
ò˵ղ¶ˡ
̫һ۵ʱرʶ
컯Ҳˣ֮ǰ̫粽˻Ԫ޽ɵĵزΪȻǳ
컯Ҳ̫Ĵ£ʼ˱չأȡҲﵽԪ޽ɵĵز
Ϊ˰ȫֱӹرңĴʹңϺϵʱϾˡ
ŵ£緢һ컯˲֪
컯լʺҲԸ⿴Ϻҵġ

Ϻһ鵺
ֻһʿȫһ󷨡
λֻҪƿ󷨣һУȸΪ͹ƽ֣֮ǰ׷ɱǵˣ鱦ֻҪɱǵˣƶҪһ鱦ʣƽ֣ɺá
һ˴ʵ
ԭ֮ǰ׷ɱһϺʿϺʿܻϳ
ϳػϺʿΪԱġ
û뵽˲ûзڷԼһƲ󷨺ټ˼λʿԺͬ
յ˵ģϺʿ鱦еһǵѴǰı꣬ʣƽ֡
ʣĬ˷ķʽ˺˿ʼȫˡ
˺ƿ󷨡
ڵϺʿһ
Ǳⲻľ档
䡪һƿˡ
Ϻʿĵˡ
˲ôˣߣƶ˵ضɱ㣬ܣֵʲô˵˺ɢ

ʮϷʵĿϺ飬ƺϺ֮
ߣϺһƶ֪ԼɣĪҪϺǿԲĵطϺأصǵǴɱƶƶ޷һѣҲעҪģ
Ϻʿ˵꣬͵һȣУ
ϺҲң޷֮£ƴˡ
ϺԱ˽ˣ鱦ҲԱˡ
鱦ԱΧɱе˵
λҴʿһ
ʲôû̵ʧλѡ
ⲻҪĽ
λѣУϺûʲô֣ǵֶ̫ˣʧذ
ǰʣҲе
Ϊʮþȵľ棬û뵽Ϻʿֶô࣬ȻʱΪ쵤ҩѸٻָĵҩ
ҩϵϵ󷨣ټϺʿֶκͨȻʧأʲôû̵
еˡ
ϺʿȻ񶾣ôԣһôߣȻʯٵһ㶼ǣƶǲݡ
ݣ
ݡ
Ȼ˱ͷԣΪһö˶Դ
⵼Ϻʿʿ޸ˡ



410 Σۼ
ԣˣǵ̰ģе׸Ϻʿ

Ϻ֮ǰܶŮΪȺڴ档
塢塢è塢ȼȫŮӵȺڡ
һȺıǨջȺӵıǨȺϳ
ʱĺģǺк֧ܶϷֳȥķ֧
ϺҲһҲкܶȺֳȥķ֧
Ů飬ںʼƵĴڣǲпĺĸˣǿȺԱӻŮӣһЩСȺܱӻ˵ġ
ʶ鷢֣ϺԴḻȻŮ鶼֮
ܶΪ˱ϲ˫ޣаģʼצ׼һŮˡ
ʶ鱦ᣬʱϺһЩŮ鶼˽ѡ
Ůӣãããû뵽ϺȻˣƶɣ
һĿĵˣǰһòĵŮӣĿ¶⣬ӬѪ
ӻϺҰĵطȥӷһ·ǵŮ
ЦȻƶȥˣ֪˫޵ĺôƶһģ
⾫Եļһʧķһ
ʵϺŮˮ׼̫ˣǸϵ
ԶĺȺǲֵĴڣȴȻĵŮӣѾûˡ
ʶ
ߣڤ粻飬ӶҪɱ㡣
ˡ

һʱ䣬˵಻ʤ
һ쵰Ϻ֮󣬺Ȼֽá
Ϻкöô
һǣ鱦鵤󷨡ࡣ
ǣϺͣǱˡ
ǣϺûϵıӻ֣ǿΪΪһһ˷ˡ
Ϻֱð

ңΧһ޴ĵ죬˵èĴӪסһȺϺСӵèŮ
ǴӻĹè棬Ǹǳ衢͵оɡȹ޾ѣǴ۷ҪĴڡ
죬èµĻر
峤ΧˣϺΧʧ٣һļһﴳϺĴɱϺ飬ֵǣ˰дϺĸġ
չظճèʣң컯ûԸҵ𣿡
峤ңʮԪǰ컯չأԷϵ֮ǰӵΨһԻϵңģܾˡ
Ŷ
è峤˵
ֻǼ򵥵һ룬о
ָǵչأϵڣӵԻԵɺ֮£һϷϺĸġ
ûи̰ļһΪϺѹ
è峤ˡ
ⲽ˼һĵµıǨѾ׵ĿˣѹĵĵѾֵȥϡ
ߣջεļһϺ޲ҡħҡ岻ҡʳңǾȻң֪η
è峤ǸŮӣҴջ֡
޾µǻۣһһԵǰء
˵̫ǰǿп޵ĴڣҪ̫µĴڡ
ڴʱĺ˵Ҫè峤ȥԺƺģܺĻΪƶĥѡ
Ȼè峤ĴڣϺңܶࡣ
ʵ˵ʵڻӦøл̫
Ҫ̫ԼһǷųȥ
ܣĻᱬңҵĳ̶Ȳһνѡ
ϺǱӻ٣Ҳ˵ǣΣۼء
ô޾µĴڣô󵽾νѵĴڣҪǳɽȷǴʱĺĿԵֿġ

è峤˼һᡣ
ˣ
һһ˹˽
峤
è峤ϵϋ峤λ峤峤ݵˡ桢桭˵Ҫ顣
è峤˵ЩˣϺǰʮĴڣǴԲĸ֣Ϻһ͵λ
ȻϺĴڣٺǰӲĸ֣ħ֮ŲĲΣĿǰϺɢǿˡ
ֻΪ̫ߣè峤ûǸϵǡ
λ̫컯ȲʹĴڣһ㲻
è峤ϵʮλǺһεĴڣǹϵҲ
è峤϶ˣ컯͵𣬿ʱûϺĶҺ󣬼ң⵺վѵһͨĻ쵰
ǣϺǿҰġ
һº󡭡
è峤ټʮèĴӪ
è峤ǽһ֮һʱߣоϺСˡ
Լ˵ҪҪҲգϺ
ʴˣһļϣɳɨֵĻ쵰ҪϺ



411 ܳû
Ϸ壬һ۵̫Ϻȥ
̫󣬶ʱŭˡ
ˣ̫ôϺһ󷨣Իõã鲼Ϻļһ̰аģ߳Ϻˡ
̫ɫĻصң֪컯ڱչһ֮󣬷Ϻè峤˵ж
죡
һ
ֻңĴˣϵ˲ͨˡ
̫ңټͪݡڤˡ
ݡ졢ڤһ㶣û뵽ˣ˼̫ʱһ󼤶
Ȱݼ𣡡
̫ĺȻع飬ǺǼ̫ټǣǺܲ
һѹ̫˵Ϻ
һŭû뵽⵺ãȻ
ϵϺ飬Ҫ̰ļһ𡣡
ǣ˴Ӧ
˺󡭡
ټļһѸٵĳϵè峤ϋֵ֮һϴʼˡ
̫֮ǰ󷨵ʱ򣬷׼ᡢˡ
̫еǣܲҲɱ˰ɣһڽķչ
ʵڲУ֮ǰѹһѹһʱ䡣ߣϺ񣬲ܵͷ뿪ǲܵġ
̫ǰԼܣ׼ͽܶϺ׷ɱҪʼ׷ɱ㲻Ҳǰ
ѹһͷһ١
Ϊ˺ϵΪ˽Ĳ֣̫ǲ׷Ź׼ͽģκ˶ԺҪҲغԼĲ֡

ң壬һֱû̫ı仯ΪǴ޵Ĳ֮⡣
ǵ֪̫ķԸܰΪ׵ļսӣ׵˷ˣ⻹ǵһ̫Ըս
һʱڻĹļһֱеɱң
ϵè峤֮ԽϺģʼɱϺܱߡ
ֵʿ֪Σռ٣ϺĸԣС
̫󷨣ϺǷֲκεĶߣҪȥľͻܵ
˿һΪãǻ뿪̫֮󣬶֪
ϺһС߰˷ܵĽ̸ţΪ׵һδģĵˣΪ̫ԲĲΡ
죬ǴɱһϺ󣬿ʼ˷ܵƶϺļƻ
λԲʮڣɵ涼ϺڣĸлǽĿꡣ
ϺȷԣֻҪɨȥǵջ񽫻ᳬ󡣡
ǰǰһʧأһ˿ʼѪȵıϺ鶼㵽ϳһҪᣬǵǰ͵ϮдջڶӲͷҪһˡ
ԭ֮ǰܶϺʯ٣һˣǿʼѪȵɱУֻҪϺ飬Ź
ʴˣϺһʱѲڣ׷ϳܶѡ
ԣʱ飬Ҫջ˺ܶ࣬ÿһҪȫԸӦԡ
Ϻв𣿡һ˺Ȼʵ
͡һ˺ȻЦˣввҪ˶вҪ⡣
ǵ˵Ҳ˵ˣܶϺ˵˵ʲôϺ򵥣עϺģֹһΣƺϺиһ

˵꣬˻һ£ƺô
ÿϺ鶼˵ϺأҲΣգԼ˳ᱻִɱġ
ǲ⣬Ϊǽ֮˵䣬˶һ֮󣬴ӱ˴˵п˶
е㷴ˡ
ֱ
Ǵͷĵ˵ȻѡǱضΣգҪ˭˴뿪ǡĪҪЩϺļһסˣҪи֣ΪλῴŰϺߣҿǿǵġ
ţ
ѴЩסˣ޷
ǰҪи֣վҿϺȫƭ˵ģ

ڼ˷ܵʱ򣬺Ȼһɽһľ޹ϯ
䡪һֻһŭ𡭡
˻Ĺ壬ܰԣ䲻Ϻĸ֣ϣүүо׾٣
쵰ǣɣ


Ȼ䣬һ޴Ӱд޽ɳڵĲΣֻ̫Բİ˿־ˡ
Ҹղһٿʱ򣬷Լͬ飬Ѿ˲䱻ɱĸ
⡭ǰ

𡪡һŭǻǽƱĻᣬֱӻȫ˲Ϊֻ̫ԲļˣйѾȫˡ
ɢ
ЦһߣϺҰǶˡ


412 նɱ
Ϻֵȫ֣ʱ޵Ĳ
ǰʿ׷ɱϺʿľ棬˲ķתˣֻϺ洦ɼֺȻĳ֣ǿ飬ɱ
һĻɵ顣
ΪһĹ˵ǿ񱩡Űǿ
ĴɱƽĻϲ˺ѱĥ˵ķʽͽˡ
ϺһСһʿɪɪ
ͷһ˿һλֿˣʵܵѣʱôϺˣʲôĹ壿
꣬˶Ǵֿĵˡ
ֿ䱾һ壬۳ںı̫֮ǰ°߻Ĺµķ֧ݻġ
ܵҲԺԼʱôˣʲӻĹ壬ʲôǻĹ壿Լô֪
ܼ˿Լ̾ϢһʵҲ֪˵ұһ壬УΪǿļ壬ʹ塢һ塢һΪĴ塣治֪лĹ塣
˵꣬һ˵λǻĹ壬лĹè塢壬һЩȣܶĶѾڵ壬ǶԳƻĹš
ǼǼǰϵ˻Ĺŵ壬һεεĵŮӣȻ̫Բĸ֣Ҫϵܵÿ죬λҲϵˡʱȸˣҪĵǿڶ࣬ĵ岻⵽ѹ
˵ơ
ڳƻĹĴڣͨ죬ǿס
ºĳģСŮΪè塢塢ȣҲһǿס
ȻҪ֪̫绹徫ӢĴڣʮ޸ֵĻǻ
ɱţ̫û̫ķųͲˡ
Ĭ˺һᡭ
Ǹô죿һʵ
Ȼ
¡ֻصƿˡ
ֻĴֿˣǵǰ
˵ƣ˲ɪɪ
۹ĺףⲻǼ򵥵Ĵ޳еơ
ᣬĹ֮ݣ
ᣬĹ죡
ֻݺ˹˵ƣǸе˾Լ˿ԿģԼнˡ
Ϻ񼫣ƶ·Ҳ£ֱӴ֡
ó󷨣Ѿе󷨣һһҲܡ

ڪݺҪֵʱֻվ˳˺һݵǰɷ֮ǰ֪ǲ֮ǰΪƶϣӦ屾Դη塣
몇ݶһۣݵ˵ͷɨһ۵˿ٵصһ֮ϣ嶼֮ᣬеηͶˡĹ壬˵Ĺ壬ȣҲǻĹıԴתѡ
˵գˡ
䲻֪ʲôǻĹţǶˣǻĹŵĴڣǵһҲкԴ
Ȼкԣʵ
Ȼһ̫Ľ˽Ȼ˵ҪϺǶҪϺ
ݲһ˿顣
Ǿȥɡ

һҽУκδ޺ڵĪݼ죬ǿԵֿģ޸ֶûС
˵ˣǽǧˣҲһ˴ɱġ
ûκε⣬ڪݺ쳹׵һѼһ鱦Ƶر
Щ鱦Ƶر֮֮ǰĲȫûˡ
ô鱦ƵرϺ
ǼȻ̰ҸжˣҲֲñˡ
ˣ˼׷ɱʿһʱ䣬ϺĸȫԺʿˡ
Ȼиġ
Ƿ֣֪ʱϺ˲󷨣Ҫ߶߲ʱŽǾء
ǵ뷨߾ɲˡ
Ϻַ׷׵ǳ洦ɼɱһϺ顣
ϺΧҴ飬׹ഫ˵ģϺ򵥵˼ˡ
ԭǰƭˣкܶϺֻǲֶѡ
Ҳһ
˵ô飬˭ֵϺʿģ
ô棬־֪˭ģ˭Ϻ顣
ϺҴ߷ˣ±ֵıˣû뵽һûС
̫õ󷨣Ǽ򵥵򵥣̫֮ǰϺ֮ȻβΪԷɱˣ̫Ҳ˵ıʽ
Ϻ骇ֲɱϺû飬ᱻϺѡɱ
ʶϺ˿ûϺ鶼˿
Ĵ
ÿϺֽɱ飬ǵΧۣܼʶ֣ѧϰ
һһľˣ֮ǰõϺʿɱˣõĲõ˱Ϻֵĳѧ˺ܶࡣ

󣬵һϴˡ
֮ǰڼƵ飬˾ųɾţһЩ˵Ķڻĵؾɪɪ
оɵ۵׼ᡢȴ޸֡
տʼϺֵĳǺ뾹ƻҵļƻǼֱ
ĸоˣĸ֣޳ڣҪ׷ɱ顣
ֻдڣŸַȵһУǰ޳ڵĸ֣лĥˣҪȵɱ
Ϻֲ̫ˣô֣
׼ΪǲҲʹ޳ڶ壬ڶ㲻ϣ˵ܲ־塣
Ҫܵʱ򣬷ֱסˣеĸо
Ǻãʵ


413 粨ֹѹ
ʦ鷳ˡ׼еĵ
鳬ǵ룬ڱΪһʧļƻ£û뵽׷ˡ
֪ðĸ֣ɨһǿ಻ԡ
оͷԵʦˣߵʱ򣬷ϺסˣҲܲˡ
ǰϺ˭֪ôĸ֣ô죿һʱҲûעˡ
ʦ֣ʵڲУͶǰµıֶΰɡ׼
ֻˡ
ֻǺ֣ʲôֶζʹˡ
Ϻ
Ϻִɱ黹ڼֵħߵʿҵĴأκΣչ鲻ϺϤǱľɱˡ
ֱǰɨ
ǸϾɱͷĺüλΪںӹ˼׷ɱ
׼ͽǿħֶαסС

ң̫˱չصͻλԲ¡ǸǿԻ׿ԽҲʹԲ
˵󣬴̫׼ֱȥϺط
Ϻɱ֮ϺĻָƽ͡
ֻһҴϺʿ֣֮ǰĸ˲䲻ˡ
ֱǷ֣ʧϺĵʱһഫܡ
˵Ϻ򵥣дڴˣϺĻϵĸ֣ɷ
ǿ϶ˣǰ֣ӦǻϺıչˡ

ഫȻûƭˣϺȷдܣҪСĵźáһϺҴߣ˪ǵǿ󣬿ʼ֮ǰԼСʲô
ˣ֮ǰҷⶴʱһţ̫λǲܣһϺҴ
һᣬУλҪͰڹĵطҹУвޡ
һʱ䣬Ϻ飬˻磬֮ǰĹഫҲ֮ǰĵεΡ
һ˲⣿
ϺĴȻûгȥӡϺôе㵣ģǲǽȥˣ

Ϻһߵش죬ָ̫㣬˴˵أһ֮̽󣬷˺һеһ㡣
ߺߣȻ⣬ûָ㻹ҲȶĸŹȻ򵥣»Сֶοࡣ
˵ù׬˵ģû뵽û׬ٱ˾ʹͷˡ
ΪС˽ɾϣԶֵɱ
ò׷ƽ˾ˣΪԼڶˡ
죡
صȻԼȻܿƵıһɾ޴ǣ
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һҽУȻԼһһڵĿռУռʱֻ͸硢ɷȣ
ֶɱޱȵܣ԰֣ԼȻһ㷴ĻᶼôС
ʱƹס
ҪڣʲôķһֶֽΡ
ƿطֶδţͬʱҲ϶ԼѲˡ
Լܺãλδ֪ĴڣƺûдɱԼ뷨ǰԼĥԼ
սթΪκ£ԼԲ֮󳹵׵ķˡ
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Ϊ˸ԣ̫ʰһ١
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׼ͽˣҪǹغϵļƻķչ̫дɱǵˡ
֮ǰϺ˺˽̸û뵽һ˭ãϺ
ֻ˵ıӵ
ץסֵܣֵΪԼҪ군ˣû뵽ĥѹˣһԪʱ䡣
̫뵽ϲѹˣ̫ò׷ŹǣݺݵĥһٲС
ֵܱ󣬱˺ܶ౶ȥĥÿ׵磬ɷĥ
ѹռڣǵĲҽоûֹͣ˺ѷε֡

̫ͻ񣬸֪̫̫֮ۿɨһߡ
ҧţ׼ͽڲҽеİ̫ˣֶ̫̫ˡ
򵥵ĥ˵ĥУǱģһûУҪ˶С
ͻֿ̫һᣬֹǳ˵Ҳ˭Ƥɶģǵľܸ߰ǾǰǴµɣǺ̡ܻ

˺̫ȥ˷ϺĴ
˲䣬쫷һϺϢѸٵĴġ
ϺϴһʿʱŵϣĹԶˡ
̫ˣڼƵ飬ȻȫɱˣϺô£
֮ǰϺȴûļһϺķɢ֮ҲŵܳϺˡ
ͬʱǵϺ˺ĵһء

ȱϺдڣѾʧȺ飬ϺҲд

ϵǻĹƣʲô壬ʲôĴ壬ǵĺ޸ֶкü

ֻҪ㲻ֻҪعؾ޷ƶ׷ɱģϺģ˲̤㣬˭ȥ˶Ǳɱ³

һʱϣϺĴű֪ˡһܶɵˡ


414 ĿԪޣ
ĺĲ̫ͬڰһң̫󣬴չͻƴ޽ɵΪ
ľ磬ڲǰǴﵽ˴˲Σ׼Ϊһȥ
ֻлԪ޽ɲĿеһ;վ㡣
ҲǴӻһֱεľ硣
̫֮ǰԤйֻҪԼ̫磬Ϳɺ̫ں֮ΪﵽԪ޵ĲΡ
ȥǻп磬ߴ̫磬ĸ
бпٵʱ̣̫Ҫʱܳ
̫粽Ԫ޽֮ʵʵ˵Ѿȥ翪ˡ
ֻҪٳͿԼԪ֮飨֮飩ڿٵ磬ֻҪгɹ̫ǻԪ޽ɵΪ
̫ûС
ԤƣԼٻۣҲܿٳ̫Ŀռ䡣
ռͺ嫣ǡǡǻԪ޽ʵĸߵͻ֡
̫ġʮ̫ҪԼ磬»ۼ٣ܿٳˡ硣
˵Ŭٲ磬̫һʮĴڡ
ʮ磬͡ˡ磬ӦĻԪ޽ɵʵһͬ
ٳ˵磬̫Ԫ޽֮ԪһڻԪ޽ɳڶʵ
ֻҪʮ̫磬̫Ԫ޽֮ʵټĺһ̫֮ȫԪ޽ɳڣֱӴﵽԪ޽ڵı׼
ֱڵĲΡ
˵̫ܳʱ䣬ΪɹԾ̫Ҫʱࡣ
̫аհٵʱ䣬ﵽԼĿġ
ٺ󣬺ĻΣ
̫ݷ֣֮Ŀʼ
ڴڼ䣬ĵۿͶ̫һ£ʮɡӢС󡢹ߡӤԭ
ǣҲǵƫʴԳһΪ塣
˺󣬸Ƿ̹ŵѪأԸľѪӶԼˡ
ͬʱ
İУʽҲڴʼʱ
塢ڤӡԪȸģڰУΪﵽ޺ڵĲΣﵽԲ
ǣԲӶ㯽ĲΣֱʥ׼׼ʥ̡
˵İ٣Ǵڻ۱ʱ䣬еľҪȺʥ
𣬵Ҳûˮݵĵزֻ˵Ŀʼ
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ΪԼĴڣѾı˺ܶ࣬Ȼ̫ףʷԵܹиıĵطǲ֪еĸıжĳ̶ȡ
ֻҪĺ桢üȳġ
ơҰġ׵ĸı䡢ʵı仯ȣЩʵ飬ôڣҲ˶ʷĹԡ
ˣޱ͵ۿ̫һˡ
Ҳʵ̫͡
οʥԶˣ³˱ʣ̫ţԼͺϺҲܰѱ䶯Ļ
Ȼ̫˵ǲõı䶯Ǻĸӵľˣ³˱ʣ̫Ҳ⿴
еǰ̫˳ĲԪ޽ɵĲΡ
ֻвĲΣĺܶƻſɽС
ΪĲת󷨣СϺͷ٣ǴʹĲõȵȡ
̫ܶĿ꣬ҪԪ޽ɲſʵ֡

ʱƣתһȥˡ
ϺϢʽˡ

ʲôȻȥϺ𣿡ֵܱչһЦϢ
˭˵׼⨺Ҳоʹ֪һôģȥϺҰ
ȿȣĵطǡ棬ηɸ̾


ΪԼˣȥϴϺһôģ
֮УϺļһȫˡ
ĽǵǡȻ֪˵ʲôˡ

һȻһ޴ıը
˺ֻһǱӰ˳
ڵˣ滹Ϊƭ˵ģû뵽һҷ˳Ϻ̫أɾǸϿȥΪá
ĥǱ̹İ
֪˭ͷԼˡ
˺뿪ϺϺҲˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ

ʯҲϻˣԼ˴֮ǰϺ£Ǻǰա
ҺʦҲˣ޾²Ҵҵȥݼ̫ˡ
Ǻ̫Լź̫е졣
ԼλӣȻѵһ٣ƺԤʾŽԼϰ
ô裬ʥ̫֮ǻ֮ǰ裬ضҪԼԡ
⣬Լѹ׼
̫Ȼ֣δλʥˣԼѾˣоеѹ



415 չ
ʮء
ĥĲ׼ͽǱıųˡ
׼зģ֪˭ĥضҪһҪ
ʱǲ˵κεĺݻֻܻ뿪Ϻ
ң
һǵĵ˹ˣʥˣزįˡ
ص컯˶̫˵
Ǻǣžʣʥ˶ѣñôοͽѣ޷ġ
̫Ļ˻֣ʵʱܴﵽԪ޵ľ磿
컯˱չأԲĴﵽ˻ԪɾŲĵزֻǻԪ޲򵥵ġ
ӦõȱɾͻԪ֮һԴ֣֮Խƶָ࣬ͽƶɾͻԪһѡ
̫˵ͷԪ޽ɲ׵ģԼķԸԼҪԪ޽ɵľҲѡ
ҲãԶһ̫磬ûˣҪпһ磬ý˶һҲÿʱܿٵһ㡣
ƶҲġ컯˵˵ͷֵֻһʥʱԵһˡ
̫һ㶣㲻˵ʥ˳ʥʱܽװɣ
˭֪أҪǻ۲Ȼǿ׻Ԫ޽ɣһƶĽҲỺޱȡ
컯˵̫꣬һ㶣ƺԼЩһЩ顣
֮ǰıĺܺã컯ҲﵽԪ޽ɵʱ򣬵ʱһѹʥˡ
ǣɾͻԪ޽ɲ򵥵ġ
˵컯ȫԾĲһΣ۲ɾ;ͻܵͣ¿Ҳǰ׷ˡ
һƺһܶʱʵˡ
ţ㻹ǻ۵ԽԽã̫Ϊ磬Ԫ˫˫һʥҲ޷ֻϾΣˡ
԰컯˵ղƶ˵е鷳ôʥˡ
һ˵̫˸ղ컯˵ĵ٩ԭô
ǻкü˴˼־ǣҵϻƲˡ̫Ȼ뵽üͺ
ϵǺʬǺ
˵ϵĺʬøûи飬ºָӵˡ
ȫи˷ȷϵǷǷ̫ģǷ̫ûˣ޷Ƿ̫ѡ
Լо޴ҲǺϵĺǲԼôġ
οչϵ˵ԼֵأȻֻߵһ֣ߡ
֮ܶ
̫һ֮󣬷컯ܽԪ޽ɣԼҲʥ˵ϡ
˵ʥ֮ʥԼìأΧԼĿܺС
ǺǣҲǡ컯кüλѣ𲻻ʲôΣգοʱԽԽǿʥҪˣȵƶԪ޽ʱʱʥҲѣֻһɱ˵ĸְˡ
԰Ϊģ۾ͺãѹн֮ǰ֮ǰһͷûУҪʥ޺ѹ˵Ҳͷأ
ҲˣĽΪȴ֪컯˵ȴ֪ҲãȻǳΪһ˺ãȻ޴롣
ǰįĺܣҲֵļį㲻ᶮá̫̾
ǣ컯ƣװԡԼˡװ˰
ȿȡ컯˱ȻװXŪúΣʵ㻹𣿡
Ŷûˡ̫ҡҡͷغ˵һ˺ҪչˣϺˣչҲҪע£ĪҪ֮ǰһ۸š
ģʱչˣ±չҲǰϺƶչ˺õġ컯˱֤
ţԼžУ̫罻һ󣬽ʽչء̫
ƣ컯ƶǰף˳Ԫ޽ɵĲΡ
һģˡ
̫˵꣬һ̫ʧң
˺󡭡
ֶ̫̫ͻԼ顢ʯȽһ֮ȥ˾
֪ʦҪչأ׼ͻƻԪ޽ɵĲΣͽºܼ̫ΪԽߣԽˡ
̫ΪߣǸ̫Ҳջࡣ
ˣ֣صİ̫ķԸȫȫĿ̫硣
̫ͻƺ󣬻̫𶯺ͱ仯Щ̫˵֮ǿʼ̫˵׼ˡ
֮ǲκε


һֱ̫ϲĵطΧ̫ղأоƷ֦ͷɣھʶԶ뾻
оŶ仪Զ
һ̫ʮƷĸϥ̨ϣʼ˱չأ


416 ̫
̫˴裬߸
̫࣬ľ⾻
̫壬ǰԪռԪ֮飬ҲǻԪ޽ɵķ֮飬Ϊ̫ġʶ
Ԫ֮飬̫Ԫռ̫ƿصķ֮飬Ҳ̫Է򵽶һƿء
˵̫ɹˣͺñ̫Ԫռ̫硣
Ԫ޽ΪƿطĿʼԪռ̫ƿصĿռ䡣
֮ǰԪǸֻз򵽶Żᵮ֮飬ӶƿطϻԪ޼ɣ뷨Ŀʼˡ
Ԫɸ򣬻Ԫ޽ƿأԪ޼ںϡһһء
̫˼ޣҲ˷֮飬ôƿصĿʼ
Ԫеķ֮Ϊ˸ܣͨ˸ǣ̫Ҳ˵֮һǣ
̫ҪģԪ֮飨֮飩Ԫռн̫磬˺ƿ̫磬Ԫ̫֮ʶ
ֻ㣬޵ʹ̫ΰ̫֮
֮ǰ˵ʹСܾԪ޽ɵǿ󣬶̫һ磬̫ôŬҲԴ˿ڻпٳ
ң̫ԴڻתĴߵ󷨣󷨣ʵĴ߷һֳ֡
ټ̫ߣ˵̫ߵķ֪ǼӽĲΡ
Ȼ˵ʹһǿ󣬶˵ʹĸһˡ
ֻҪ̫̫磬Խ̫һô̫̫ĸӶɱ䡣
˵ʱֻ̫ǻԪ޽ɳڵĴСͷ֡
Ҫ̫ĽΪ;ﵽԲʱ˵̫ҲŽԲĲΡ
̫Ԫ޼ɵĲΣ̫ҲܸŲԪ޼ɵĲΡ
ʱ̫磬СֵĻֻСǧ磬̫̫磬˺Ϊﵽ˻Ԫ޼ɵĲΣ̫Ϊǧ磬Ҫ̫ΪﵽĲΣ̫Ϊǧ硣
̫̫쵽ǧĲΣΪԪ޼ںϵĿʼںϷ򣬻ҪںԼٵ硣
Ҫ̫ں̫磬Ǳʾ̫Ҫˣ̫ǲǰġ
޼ɲҪں磬ֻںĴԴͿɣҲ̫ļƻ
޼ɵɱ䣬ҪںϿٵ磬̫Ҫеõ꣬ΪֹֻܲοıԴ
ֻлԪ޼ɣںϱԴĿʼ
ô˵߷𲽣ǻԪ޼ɡ
ԣ̫֮ǰֻӡ̡򡢲οãںǲܵġ
һ˵Ҳ˵̫һֱֻĸߣûдߵ
ֻںԴʱ˵Լߵ
ڣǡ̫𡱣ʼֻһѧϰߺʵߡ
ʱ̫ܴ

̫ҪľǣȰԪ֮ںϽС
̫࣬ƿؽƿ̫磬˽̫ʶȻã̶Ȳ̫
쳣ļ̣˵̫粻飬鲻飬̫ڹĹϵ
̫ȰԪ֮飨֮飩ںϽ飬˺ͨΪý̫硣
ֻҪɹˣ̫Ԫ޽ɵʱ򣬴˺ֻҪѽԪУ̫Ԫ񣬾ǽ飬̫ʶҲ̫Ԫ
ȥң㣬ԷֿƺҲܺͳƺ
ʶ̫ҪľԪ֮ڽڡ
һô̫賤̫򾳽ֻҪŽδ̫һ
Ҳ̫̫ԭ򣬻洦߶洦Ԫ޽ǰ㣬Լٵбչظ
ңʱصĻ̫磬ʱմʹ
׼̫֮ʼԪ֮ںϽˡ
̫ԪռУֻƾնתһĵȻ
̫ƿԼԪ֮飬ĿʼںϽС
Ѿﵽˣ޷ˮɵں϶ѣ辪춯صƣҲ֮յ̽
̫Ҫģֻںϣĵȴѡ
˵һƶûǲܵģ̫Ԫ֮ʱ
Ȼ
̫һϸ۲Թ۲쵽
ǣ̫飬һĸƺ̫òһˣǲһǲ֪
ֻòںĵĸоƺڤڤ̫絮һߵʶʶ飬ϣ֮Ҳڡ
֮


417 ֮
̫ʱ仺š
̫չԪ֮󣬴ʱĺľʷ׳ʡ
õ̫Ĵкʹ裬ޱǿ֮û˹ǵĵۿͶ̫һʼԺĵ̡

һɽ˵ۿʱĴӪ
ʱ£ƶãʱݲ繫кôҲл
˵ģǵۿͶ̫һշ£
֪֮֮ͨ飬״òʨˣͷǣɽӣǻޱȣۿͶ̫һ԰ǿء
Ұͨ͵ĹϵԴʱĴо޴á
ۿƺš
ۿշ֮󣬶̹ԼʳνǵõصϿɣðͳĵ
ԴˣҲĵĿʼۿˣڶ̫һϲսս죬ƿȳﻮǵۿƿء
ֵֵܷĺȷ
Ժ⣿ۿʵ
£֮Բʳν޷ΪúĴܷɾ裬ǱҪ֪ô͵ڴɾ衣ԣˣƺƴһ㣬ͨʵ壬ӶģڻģǾжʱ´ǳ
˵꣬ۿһ˼ǰܻβ밡һЩп޵С˵СҪã
ǺǣûתҪ֪Ϊͻ߸ߣԺûǻõʹνʱͱ֮
ֵԲҪǣΪҲҪֻϷҲռˣĿǰõʱû˺ᣬԣǡҲ޷ֻҪȷ˵λ˺ĵǣȥߴݼǽ飬׷׳󡣡

ۿĬˣȻ˵ˡ
̫Ŀأʹһĵۿܶǣ¹̫ڴԶԴϣȡ侫ȥɡ
ĻܶԣڲЩʱҪ׳ȥߴݼǺҪģ׳ѷ
ʶۿһ֮ͬ˰Ļ
ʴˣĻˡ
ú󣬵ۿͶ̫һΪ֮ʣ춨ʵĳƺ˲䴫˺ġ
ȷ˵ģڵۿͶ̫һ̬֮󣬹ȻܶСͶҲͬۿΪʣڶ̫һ춨ʡ
Ȼ˿ֻԼĳϣûͥõϣò˵ۿƻʵĵһˡ
ҵۿ֣̬Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
ǰհǰ˺ЩԴۺ죬ҲðʧȥĴС
ڲͬˣԼʵĵλ֮ͶĶԼˣͶģԼʵľǵˡ
˺ԼΪԼı̬׵һĿȻˣ˺ܶࡣ
Լд壬ϾԼ춨ʣǲɷĴ塣
óˣСݼѵǲͬ
ãȻͬǾʹͬ
ռ͵һĿȻ֮󣬵ۿͶ̫һжӵĹˡ

ڴʱûȷˣɢ˵ǣȻıͳΡ
ԣкܶǲϵۿʵλһʱеˣۿҪ򲻷ģҪֿԺ
ңۿĿŵͳ壬ȻúܶܲˣҲʼˡ
Ҫõۿֵܳ׵ͳ壬ԼҲҪֵˡ
ңôͶǿԼǿ󣬵ǿֲ˶డҪǵۿһ£ԼΣˡ
ԣܶܿʼˣĽ·
籱麣ѹ֮ˡĶİãʵʵĴڱڤ֮
ǵԵʣʼˣȻʵǾֻܿıµˡ
ˣʼǰлĲ͸ͱһʱ󣬻˲С
κΣۿͶʺȻ𣬴棬㰴Ͱչƿ塣
ոڱ麣ͱһС󣬾ͱȻðʻˡ
ˣ֪ۿͶ̫һõسϣΪ֮ʵʱ⼸Ԥʾźˡ
˳ɵأƿۿļƻԵ˳ɵ
ԣ˳޺ӣ֪Ѿˡ

˺һʱۿ̫һ½޾Ͷ
ʮѾۼʣĸɽͷӣն̫һ˵ģȻǾɱ
һ˼ƻ
˵λµϣͨʱѾˣҪһĻˣѲĴ򵽷ҲɱǣҪϴĸͶǵУһʩſú忴һʴȵʡ
Ȼ
ļƻֱۿˣʼհ˵ģۿͶ̫һ·ʼһЩһԼӪĴˡ
ֻǣǽеݱʱȴ֪
ƽּȻѾˣǶĴҲҪˡ
ǵĶ棬̾ɽǡ


418 嵮
̫Ľ̵һֱĺܽҲԵúǻۡ
ǰƺˡ
̹ŵڣʮϥ濴ȥѹ֡
磬̫ǰ˵ǰ㣬һֻأƽֶΣҲǶĿʼۿõسϺ󣬿Ѿѡˡ˵
ѵ̳˸Ѫֻƽ
ǺǣûʲôƽĴģΪĺǵʲô
ǲİ
ΣҪԣ

ܵǵĽ̸ܳĬ˺һ˵ȻǾ·һ˵磬޴ѡ
˵ǿ𣿡ʣ
˵ǵģ鶼п飬Ҳ֪Ĺʱ̫ʱкο飬ǰʹܡԶŵ塢ħп飬ֻʤ˲Ż㲻ҲҪ˵ۣòزһҪףпģĶȵĿ飬ֻҪ˿飬Ӵ˲ǷءǷˣǲſԵ㡣
ɣ

ԭǰڤڤиоǵĽѣҲ˵Եˡ
ҪƺĶºϵʬ޲Tοǡ
֮ǰΪ̹̿ŵǿԴɱǣǴ˿ǲˡ
ԲǣʱҲвİֻǳƽ⣬ҲΪ˿顣
ҲΪԲҪĹ̡
֮һҪ𣬲ɱľ档
ˣǰǣ֡

ʵǿ󣬵չֻٰ̫ʮˣеù޾أ۽ʵ
һЦ˵֮ǰ̫˵һЩأǰҲ˵һЩѾ˿ֻҪʵһ¾Ϳɡ
Ŷкߣʡ
վǵѪرߣ˵ܼ򵥣ȴҲɴǵˣǿ
һֻƳһξѪֻǾѪѪС
ʱѪؿʼڣȥأֱֻ֮ǵѪںѪصľ֮󣬿ʼγһ޴Ѫ롣
顪һѪƺһ飬ղǲ
ʱ˿ȻˣȵľѪѪؾ£ɷܹ֮ϵȵĺ󱲣Ҳ˵ǵˡ
ֵǿѪˣҵľѪѪصľصǣӶһµǵĺᡣҡǵĲͬʽĴڣҪһµˡ
λǣŴһʾʹֶܵκǳ׵ı۷ˡ
˺̽һֹȻˣѪһµǺһ
˷ܵǣԱƳһξѪʼ˵ģҲǵĺ󱲡
һʱ䣬ʮѪѪϣֻҪʮʱ䣬µˣǼˡ
ֱ侲˺һᣬŵ֮ǰ˵Ҫµĳƺʽ֪ģ
ʺʣ˲۾Ķ
˵ǲͬں飬ֻ岻Ԫ񣬸ֻ̹Ÿ񣬲أĴ飬˿̵ĺųɾ壬ȻעҪᣬҪķʽǵĳƺҲҪ䡣
Ǵǽʲô
ܵڴĿԼһֻг˽ɫһᣬ˵һΪ죬һΪأ˸أ֮֮ˡȹڸߣʴֽСסȾʮףӴԳ塣
ֻдһֺǽ۵ġס˸˸ԡ
ҿ̹ŵȸصĵطҪ棬ǶԵkĲ
Ҳпǣή¹£Ϊȷ壬ȷ˺ƽ棬Ҫ¹½
壬ף˷ܵš
о˵̫ˣһΪ죬һΪأΪǹң游սսս硣
һ֣һ壬ֵܽþʮס
ǼǼǾʮס

׺˷ܵĲˣ˶ĳƺ˸
΢Ц˵ǾѪʮˣΪ֮µһǳƺΪס
ãף

˷ܵĽ̸ţڳ壬˺ǸȷĻ֣ʮ⣬ʣֻд޽ɵĲβſɳΪף̫ҽסףڽһµģܲģֻǼ򵥵ĳƺס
˺Եֽܵ˵׻壬ֻԼ׾ͺãû׳ʱçײ˵Լס
ڻѸģѸصʱҪһʱ䣬Լʽʱ򣬲ʽѸء
Ǳʾ⣬ɵӲŻԴվкͳΪӡ
ˡ
̫չز֮忪ʼˣҲˣֻĶҪܳʱ䡣


419 ϲֵܡ
ǣ˵񾭡
׼ͽܲ죬ԴϺ󣬾һĪĿ־塣
ܵĥ裬ؼǵ˶֪˭ֻǵúȻһת󣬾ͱѹˡ
һЦǵĻǾ仰Ǵǡ

ССϣϺɻҪǶȻеôҪɱ˹ߣѹʮ꣬Ϻĳͷ
ĻʼջǵǱܴ֮󣬾þûָ
ħ񶼿ƣҪǴɵˣԼҪҪ
Ҫ˺úһΡ
죬ħʬֵ
˻޷𣿡
⻰꣬ʬ׼ʣǰʮĥʮʹĥ޷˭ĥǶ֪
һȻŪħе̫󣬺ô֪˭⵹ã˶ֻ֪ǽʲô𡱼סˡ
ȥУָأʶǳˣ
÷ĺǳ⣬ʱֵܾˡ
ССοùΣĪ˵СС޽Ϊϵǿζľ磬ôЩ
»Ҳ棬˵ܵĥ
ϵӿٵؾͱѹˣÿһʱѵʱ̣֪ϵܵĥϵͬʬûУ
Ϊϵ֪žϣֻҪһлϣ㲻͡
ߣǲ֪˭ֻҪ絽һΣûҲĵˣֻҪΪˣûл˵ĵˣΪǱ裬ԸҪҪ̿࡭

νĲشãħеԵĻ˲ֵܵ㯺;
ĺȻ䣬ֵ˲伤һ˵ģֻҪŬһܱ
ǰ֪ˡ˲еǦϴĸо֪䣬ɼĴھ磬˲Ĵﵽˡ
½Ҳֻһ֮ңˣ߳㯵ֵܣƿһĤȻֺյĸо
νĥѺͻԵศ˵ľˣ뿪֮˲侳н
Ȼ벻ͬԵĸ
ãȹһΪĽ׼ʵǰ֮ǰһֱǴ֮ϵľ磬ǲǿԶ˵һ¡
һҲã
˵֮ǰ˵ǺøԶҲǴ˻ԵڿˣϵǵĸҪ׵ˣǸҲ򲻵ˣ˵˵Ҳ޷ˡ
ʱƣһ磬ıĨȥˣ˵ˣ׼Ҳûʱˣ˵ǲŴڵĲΡ
֮ǰ˵Ǵʧ˻ԵϵˣҲˣΪаţҸ˵ģҪˣ¸Ҳ򲻵ˣʧԵΪ֮ǸǴ˵ĸϵӶ˽ĴԵԭ£ϵĶ˵
˵ꡭ
ǰ֮ϾǵĲ𣿡
ħҲǣ֮ϵȷǵһԲҲһֹɣ֮ǻԪɣϵ磬֮ǰĥǵĴҲ硣
˵ˣ˵ĥǵҲֵܶʱĿѡ
룺ԭ˰ԭǸһ󾳽簡˭Űɡ
ǣ˷޵һ˼֮󣬺ȻԺˣ׼ʵǰ˵Ҫʧˣ֮˵ԶﲻǵȾˣ
ЦǺǣģ;ͬ飬˵ԪֻһеĻֶѣ˵ֻһ·˵˼ǣ·Ҫˣ߲ͨˡ
ֵǲҪģû˵·µ·֣µ·ǵĻԵסָ컻صı仯ǰϦͿʼɾһ飬ϣǸ컻õĴڡ
ˣԭ䲻֪컻غʱ˭׼
ֵ֮ǰѣϵ㣬Ǹ컻صĴھǵ֮ˣϵǱΪǸ컻صˣǷǵı󣬵컻صʱЩծĺ˾ˡ
˵ꡭ
ڻȻˣԭǰôĪ⡣
԰ҪŬ米ֻ컻ʱôл𡣡
ˣֵܵȼˣʼ궯ˡ
ȻȻϺıǾȥıĵطɣָ֣ôù
ϲֵܵĲСǿģʼˡ



420 
̫磡
һʱ̫ڰԪ֮ںϽ˽֮ڡ
ʱ֮ǰ̫򣬸ӵˡ
ʦͻƣҸо̫ƺһֺĵĸоˡھߵλӣ򵽱仯֮˵
ҲӦ𣿡ʯʵ
ǵģƺ̫ˣƺһߵĴһʦΪͻƵµġ
ţǲ֪ʦҪòſɽ
»磬ʦ˵пһĩڣ˿̲ŵʮһڶѣ»Ҫʱ䡣
ֻĵˡ

ڵӣ˺Ĭž
˵̫һʱ֮Ԫ֮ͽںˡ
̫۾
ںˣҪýԪ֮鿪ʼĺ̫ںˣֻг׵ں̫磬ǻԪ޽ɡ
ǾͿʼɣ
˺̫Ҳԥʼٿؽ黺졣
Һã̫Ԥϵķûг֡
̫ΪԼ̫磬⵽̫籾ܵķûʼ̫̫֮˳Ŀʼˡ
ˮĥĹҪ̫ͬ磬̫糹׵ıʱԼԪ֮Ϊ̫ġʶ
ʱ򣬾ǻԪ޽ˡ

һ޾£ͬƿе̫ȻʱĴڣֻһδεһδεƿء
ŵǣ̫ԽԽصı仯֡
ģ̫飬ʱġšڵ֪ˣ̫ı仯ǵͻһ絼µġ
䲻֪̫ǿʲôΣ֪ض򵥡
ܾ֮ǰǻԪˣԪǵϵĴڡ
̫αչأǱܵĸоܵҪϵĻԪˣֻǲ֪Ԫ֮ʲô
̫չؽһԪ
̫Ļˣͻ˴Բﵽ˵ĲΡ
˳Ϊ˼̫̫֮ڶε飬һʱͻƵľ̫Ǻ䶯ǽҪľֵ֮ˡ
ֹ˲ã̫֮񣬴ﵽ˵ԲĲΣ̫֮꣬ǰڴﵽһΣֻһţֵ֮ӣҪʱۡ
һ̫絥ǵĲΣˡ
⣬ܵͻƵǣ˺̫磬鶼ٵ
ʮУǴ޲εľʮˣ̫ҽɲνʮΪĽ飬ϡȱĴڡ
˵ͻƣҲ̫˷գڸڶ࣬ҪҲࡣ
̫ɼʮϰ鶼´࣬κΪµ飬Ͷǽɲε顣
⵼£̫Ľ䣬»תϲɵٶȡ
ǲ֪ǣΪļ٣ʹ̫羹Ȼ˥̫̫࣬˵еúصĸо
ΪҪһԪʱ䡣
Ϊǿ̫˥̫оǧԪᣬ̫ܳ硣
飬Ҳˣڿȸ߲֮ûȵغ˵
ǲҲԼĲ̫ıչأԺܶѹ¾ѹ£һΪ˱չصĵ

̫ı仯Ϊ֪ĵı仯ȴ졣
徭Ԫսϣڴµƿ塣
ۿͶ̫һʮ
һʱ䣬ۿͶ̫һĴڣ˭ǵĴڡ
ǲ֪ǣɽ̹ŵΧѾۼ塣
ʮһԪĵ͵չȺ׳
һʮף졢ࡢ粮ʦ丸ȡ衢ŷʮףеٮٮߣ̫ҽɵĲΡ
ǿģԪѾﵽ̫ԲĲΡ
Ǹ˵ʱǿġ
ҲĴģûǰƵˣߵľǿ·ߡ
һìܣͻٺܶˡ
ԭ켣е壬޽Ƶ³ԵԽԽ࣬Գ֮󣬲õۿ߲ŭġ
βһˣ徫ǿǱ˺ĳ׶
岻Ԫֻ壬ʳĺûǵǿͽǽķʽνһһġ
Ȼ
ױˣµۿͶ̫һȶˡ
ΪҲעؾ֣ԣ֮󣬿ʼѡɸѡӢˣһ˵ļһֱӱԼˡ
һ½
ֱ仯£ۿͶ̫һԼʮˣҲԽԽǿ󣬲ǰۿѾ컨ﵽ޺ڵĲˡ
ɼŬֵõģѡ֮·Ҳȷġ
֮ܶ
̫׵ĸıͽѵ̫ԵۿͶ̫һָ㡣
ʹȺı˺ܶࡣ
һһţһĿˣ
ȻźĿˣ߲ȴԼһѳ
ʱƣӦ˱˴˵Ĵڡ
ûһŵȸɹһ˵ǽĵ󣬴˺԰׳
ǵСһǻ۵ľһִı֡
Ҫ˿սʱǸսսصס塣


421 ճɻԪޣ
ţݱ䡣
̫̫һǧԪıչأһٽ㡣
̫羭ڵʱ̣ɾͻԪ޽ɣξǰˡ
̫磬ֵַۣڣ̫һУҪһ飬̫硣
죡
ˡһ죬һѹֵ̫һζ
Һ̫ʶҲܲ˵أʶ̫ڳ̫һ̣֪ġ
̫ˣһ̫磬ƺصΰһһ㣬ҲĵȻʩѹһ
䡪
̫飬Ȼѹģǹˡ
ûһ˿ƺڱһ
Һÿаţ˵ܷʲôҪңڱչͻµľ硣
˵𡢻ˣ۵ɹ֮󣬷һεǿԲ
ΪΪˣڸղţһΰɨʲôΣͺˡ
˾ȵĶһۣһ𺳡
Ǵﵽʲôˣ̫ˣƺѹƶһ𾪵˵
ǰղǹΰ̫ˡţ˵£һĵĳϷƺԴеĿ־塣
Σǿǿ϶ģЩãŰɡ

ھ̫ؼʱ̣ղ̫絼µģֻȫˣû໥ںϡ
ֻԪ֮ں̫ʶΪʶĴڣɾͻԪ޽ɵʱ̡
̫ľںϣԪ֮飬Ϊ̫ʶ
ڡ
һֻ̫Ȼ׶ƣԼʼ֡
ɽ磬ɽĴһ۵Ľֿʼת
ֻǽоŸȦֻĸ״̬ʣȦӰĴڡ
ԤʾŻԪ޽оŲ㣬ֻ̫ҪһΣͻ˲Ĳ㣬ҲĲ㷨ֵһСĻ̫һԪ޽ɣǻԪ޽Ĳĵز
̫֮ǰԤƵһ
ʱֻǷҫҫԣڽֵģһӰۡ
ߵ̫Ȼָܵһھĳ£ķյķ֡
ǵ𣿡
ȻǵǺεȾ磿
̫ˣȻɽˣǺεȲΣǴ۵𣿡һģ˵
˵ꡣ
һ˵ⲻǵ֣ҼΣһǴˣһһⲻǵ֣ڱȵֵһεĴڣܾղ˵ģ֡
˵꣬Ȼһ㶣ʣղųƺ֣ô֪з֣
˱ʵһ㶣˵֪ʱ򣬾Ȼĸоз֡
ףϵ˵ȻҲǿ֪˷֣ش
ɣ

̫Уֻĳ۵ķϡ
ֺ̫󣬡ˡһ
ֻǽֿʼתĳ̫󣬾ͬǷһ۵Ľֳ̫
ֹá
ĵֳ׵ĳˣֻǻӰõ״̬
һ
ʱֻһ֮ĪϢѸٵĴӽϷ˺Ѹٵ󡭡
ֱˡһƺ̫ıԵһ
ʱһֱ۵̫Ȼһ
ֻղѸٵŵĻɫϢڴﵽ̫Եֿ֮ʼѸٵĻط
ֱеĻɫϢҵй;̫Ԫ
֮ǰɫϢʵǷֵʶղĴɢʶƿ̫硣
ƿغյģҲǷ֮鿪ʼع̫Ԥʾ̫ʽ˻Ԫ޽ɵĲΡ
ͬʱҲ̫ΰΰع̫Ȼΰϴ̫ԪҲԪԪ޽ɵϴؿ
ԣ̫һΰʼһ飬ɺǻԪ޽ɵڣ
ԪͬΰطʶĻع飬̫Ԫ
ãֱȻһƴ̫Ϸһ̫أ̫һУ̫̫
Ϣñ͹ݵ飬׵Ͷˣڱܵɪɪ
ֱ̫۾
̫ۣʱءƳɽꡢɽš
ˡ
¡
̫𣬽յõɾͻԪ޽ɣأ
̫һѸ棬Ѹ̫磬˵֮󡭡
¡¡죡
ֻ̫ܵõΪԼԪ޽ɣǻԪ޽Ĳĵز̫ΧѸٵһȦ֮ǰǿϡҲ˳ˡ
̫Ϊ̫ף̫̫ˣҲˡ
̫һصĸо׵ˡ
ǻԪ޽𣿹Ȼһˣ̫һˡ
̫
ֲ˵ʥԳ棬̫Ҳˡ̫˵
һֳƿطǿ󣬱̫ҪǶԿ˵ӦǻԪԲĲΡ
ôֻд޺ڵĲΣΪ̫仰ᱻ̫ӳ֣ɾͻԪɾŲʵ
̫Ҫ˵㵱Ǳˣ˲䱻̫ΰĨɱ
ôô棬ƿطȫ
ҲĵʥˣʥкǲҵΪĺжǻ
̫磬̫˵ʲôʲôûС
ңֻǻԪ޽еһѡ
Ȼ̫磬ں̫Ҳǻ
ң˴ĻŪ˴ľ˴˵ӳء
˴ģʥ˲ɱǻᱻͷģʶĵʥ˵еܡ
̫磬̫ҸԺΪ°鶼Ҳ޷Լˣܸ̫綨Ȩġʥλ
֮غҪ̫Ĳ
̫սԪ޽ɣǻԪ޵Ĳ㣬Ҫһʱȹ̡
ˣ򵥵ĸһ̫֮ȥȥȹˣںкεҪ̫̽Լȥʵ
Ͼ̫һĻԪ޽ɣԺļкܴĲҪԼ顣
ңǰļ䣬ڿ;˵ֻ߱οļֵܵ棬һҪԼʵ
ƣ޷̫һЩѣսӦò࣬Ͼ˺̫ˣʹõҲ̫ΰ
˵̫˷ܵظоԼصֻص
оԼȫһȭܴ򴩺ġ
е£̹ٻ֡
ڣԪ޽ɺ̫Ԫı仯ǾԵеͨˣҪ̫и


422 ĴԲ
̫ԪУ仯Եͨ˺ܶࡣ
̫֮ǰﵽԪ޽ʱ֮еĵѾӽ𻨱˺̫ģƵĵ
ǵʵԪ֮飬̫˿̣̫Ԫռ䣬ʴԪеı仯ͨȴ֮
ʵȴǼα֮ӵķ֮ӿ̫磬̫类̫ƿأ̫ô֮ӵķ̫ΰศɵľ档
仯Ļ̫ʱǿ̫
µ̫⣬ǼƷ鱦˺ֺ
Ԫ޽ı仯νʥܾ˵ˡ̫ȵ
ƺÿϸǷۣҲﵽԲʮǧɵĸ߶ȣѾ֮ǰеĻħˡ
̫һ֮󣬿ʼȹΪڴﵽԪ޽ˣ֮ǰĴӡʱ̡ߣڿԼԲˣҲĵʮŲơ
֮⣬Ԫˮ졢ʱԲ̡¯ȼƷ鱦̫Ԫɵʱ򣬾ѾԲˡ
Ψֻе˻Ԫ޽ɵĲΣܼԲ
һֱĴ̫޾£̫ʵﵽԪ޽ɵʱ򣬿Գ׵ˡ
̫ʱ̣ĳɵʱʮƣڻ鱦Ҫﵽ鱦ĲΣҪ̫Ϊﵽʵм
𣬻Զ
׵ļʮŵƣ̫ġ
ֱ̫ӿ˻Ԫ޽ɳڵĲΣֱӴﵽ˻Ԫ޽ĲĲΣٶȺЧҲ˺ܶࡣ
һҪûԪ޽ɳһʿҪޱʱ䣬̫֮Ӻ̫ΰֻ̫˲һԪʱ䣬ͳɹİʱ̼ˡ
ˡһ
Բʱ̷豹棬ɫĵϿȥԴһ壬־Լֱ۵ĸо̫ףԼ׵ĺʱΪһˡ
ʱ̵ڿռ䣬Ҳ˲ĺܶ౶еķԽԽŨˣֱһС硣
֮ǰܾúܾǰ̫ռ˺ܶʱ̻֮ڣ˰̫ģиһֱʱ̺ͻ
֮ǰ̫º⵽޴ĻٻûȫİܴתʱΪб޻ռ˺ܶ
˿̣֮ǰ̫ʱ̵Ȼ̫ʱʱ򣬰еȻҲ֮ˣֱ仯̫һ㶡
ʱںϣ̫һݺԼɵʱ̵һ
ʱ֮ǰ˻飬гһ棬һУһУԱԲʱ̣ȻŻ鿪ʼ£ˡ
ƺֻҪ壬ʱһµĻ磬±Ȳԭʼ磬ɺһĴڣƺǲܡ
˵ֻлᣬһҪޱʱ䣬ĿˣĿͺðˡ
ǳɵʱ̻űĽ޾Ժűһֱֻʱˣ»ӺͰҲչмޣֻʱûм޵ģűĳɳɳ̫뵽
뵽̫еСڴ
˺ֿʼӡ
̫ҲӽһԪʱ䣬֮һƽһһ򵥣˻̹Ÿ֣ʱֻ̣Ƿ̫ͳɵѡ
ԲĻӣڳ׵ˣ޾»ǵһ˳׵
̫֪ǣɽչصĺȻԪ̹ᦺ̫ͼһ궯һ
ѺĺһȦ̫ͼ̹ΪκȻ궯ݶݲ
չ鲻ϵչҪͳȥģأϵԳ̽ġǲ֪̫ѵĻǷҲ궯
ŽԽ죬֪Խ࣬һ鱦ûһԼģеƣ
ҺãϵΪһԶԱȵģϵҲܸݷϵĻʹñԪ޽ɣҲԵ
⻹бĺôȷʥ󣬿Ƚзһأ˺Ϳˣһʥ˿ٵأضųɡʮɵԲ֮ȥ翪ˣֱٵĿռ䡣һܻԪ޽һ㣬㣬ʱ̫ѺüѱضϵԽѹֵ꣬ϵһˡ
ĺãҲ˵ܴ
׽׻Ԫ޽ɣҪʱѸٵİĿ˷
ֻҪʥͻΪʥˣˡ
˺÷ٳһ磬ֱȥ̫̫һ
ò˵һܴ
˵ģü̫ѹ޾£ˮתҲˡ
ȻҪ֪̫Ѿ׳ɹˣֱ˳㣬ܺƵܡ

̫˻֮󣬼֮ǰ֤Ԫ޽ɵʱҲմ˵⡣
صΰͷֵۣþ̫İ
ĳɾͣν̫̫д±գӶǰ̫׻Ԫ޽ɣкôõ
˵̫ɾ˾飬Ѿֱ̫˴˵İѸٵı̫ˡ
󣬰Ҫаħǡռ䡢ȣ
ǰռԪꡢ鱦Ƶرá

̫İռУĴڡ
һԨ̹Ԫһǻǰһʶͼ䡣
Ĵڣڰռ䱣ĺܺãǻʶ̹ƬԪ񣬶е׳ĸо̫о˼顣
ʱҪ鷳ˣС⡯ֹ̫
ĵĲ⣬¹̹źͻУ뾡˵Ը
̫ʼˡ
̹ŴĴ裬ں칦̫еǹϵġ
̫еɳĸо̫̫ǿˣûȷӵء
˵ģԪˮ죬ֱ󷨵죻¯ļһ컯Ԫ˿˵ĵط컯һԪѹϺĶ룻ὣǰ衣
ԣоŶʮƷİǰӹ͵ġ
ڱ鱦ֱ̫˰ռУССнټ鱦Դӵõûʹù
ǣĸ̫ã˵ϲղصĸɶ
̫Ŀɶ֮ˡ


423 սϣ
ҲɵʱѾȥԪᣬ̫ҲΪ׵Ĺסˡ
ںģ
ĴӪУۿ̫һžߡ
ǡţ壬ǰۿʴ̽ϢĹ
ʣ̽鲻ܣžһ飬ǵΧͲ򵥣ǺǵĳƺҲһ̫Ҳκͽɲεͺܶ࣬Ȼ޷ȣʤǸֶ࣬ʮ׾ƥС
嶨ĺڲĲҲһֱڹ۲塣
ϢϣǶ˳ƺɵҲԳΪס
ʮ׺ʹסס׵
ǵۿҲףʮôȻ˳ƺԳƵˣĳˡ

ۿĻ㱨Ȼ֪ʮ׵̹ŴľѪʮˣͲĿǰĸ߲Եֿġ
ټϣϵðˣеۿеˡ
ʱ
̫һҡҡͷȻʣ˵桭ףΪθĳƺΪأصĸģ
ܰɡԭ
ºܺý͡ǻ۵Ȼó׵뷨
۰Ժģ֮ԲĿŵ˵Գһ壬º˺档ңǲԪֻ壬Ȼͺ鲻һԳ塣ڲѸģûúǳ׶׼һҲóʮҲǻܲ򵥡
ǰۿ˵ͷ׵ǻۺܵģ¶ǿ󣬾¶иǻۺ۹⣬鷳ġ
Һڻûֱӵͻ̽Ľ׶Σľ滹һʱ䣬ǳ׵ڲҲ׼ˣʱ򣬲Եʱ򡣡
ţ˵˵ͷʾͬ˵
ֵ
֮⣬ǻҪкܶ࣬Ǳ棬Ҳ򵥣Ѿڱչһˣ
ĶҰҲСɢ޶հ
׼ͽλܣҲΪֲӶĴƣҲ򵥣
ͶĽ紦ԪӴûжܱߵ鶼룬һӰӣ
Ѫڤ棬ѪΧĵ̣Ѫ˿ӦǲΪݣ
ЩôҪĶ̫ǿˣ˭
󡭡
ѿüͿĵˣһѣ忴ǿ󣬵ԵѹҲС
ۿ뷨ͰһⶼҪĶͬʱҲҪཻĶ
ܴǵˣҪᡣ
ҪʱҲɱӺðıضܵͷ
εۿټˣǵΪ˺ͽչ
ҡǴ˿ѿģûһ̶ϳ˵ûһǵλǿܲ
̫Ǿ̫ԶҲ嶼ܰȻ̫棬Ϊ֮ƣľǵõһȹ̵ϳ
κΣõϳͥûʱҪʥŻ֣ԤʾעҪʧһʱ䡣
ᷢ
壬ûĶץʱʵʱ׳ʹһŰ衣
ᵽ壬Ȼ׼ɽ塣
⵹ãʮ׵Լ۸ͷ˻
ʱս壬˲˵ðǵһ塣
µССǣ׺ʵƣǵľòܳԿǻ̵֪߲ķչ
ˣСȥһ֮оӣʱһɱɽ
һϢһʱ䱻׺֪ˡ
ǾȻûֹѿ໥̽һ¡
͵ۿϼ޻Ĵڣǻı޼֮ǰ໥˼ɣóô˿ֵĽ
ˣСģսʼˣ⳹׼ĺսԸ循ϲķ֣ٶٳĸо̫ˬˣΪǡ
壬ûֳսһʱʧأеˣĿǰôȻð壬ôǿء
٣ηô廹
һʱ䣬̽ĶеĹעš
˲֪壬֪Σƺ࣬ΪҲǼ򵥵Ľɫ廹ռϷ硣
ƽ˺ܾõĺģΪСһƣɽʼѪƯˡ
ֻǡ
˰ڴе㲻ˡ
ôǳԿȴһֱǲأ
ôۿһ壬ɱأ
ǲˣ



424 ս£
ĸ߲ɵ˲ɣۿŲľ棬ôǲأ
ǰľ棬ȴǰ̣治֪ôģ
˵ǲ̽ǿ󣿡˵
һˣܣ̽Ļսôˣ̽ˡ̽ķʽǣһں֮ڣ̽ҲҪвεǲ֣һɲֻЩС֡
Ǿˣʲô⣿
Ҿ޳һЩ͵ġһ˵仰

˶һۺͬ˵

ĴӪ
ۿ̫һȸ߲顣
£ձµָʾһﲻ͵СһЩ˵Сȥսˣʧء
޷ǵĿľ޳͵Сʧ̸ϡۿ˰ֵ֣οһõĺð취ȥߴݼͳһģҲΪĴս¶޵ӡõģʧǵСΪݡ
Ǳ£ټˣټСҲܿˡ¶ԱµӰ졣ɵ
֪Ҳգýˣٳʮ꣬ջǵıۿ
̫һȴˣ磬˵ջرȥ𣿡
ǵģջأǱۿ϶
硭
԰ꡣۿ̫һĲ˵ƴԺĴܴܴǵ͵ķչ˭ǡãվˣһǿ塯룬ǽܵ͵ķչ𣿿µĵģῪʼˣǵѹҲҪֵһˡ
ǡ̫һǸоܣеĸо
ܣǺһ컻أҳõսЦһѪ𣬷ǶҪ뵽ҪǺáΪߴһͿܾͻ̽䡣ʤǽǾԵģΪԺģǵǺĽ𣿲ǵģǣĵĽƣغƽľ棬غ飬ת򵥵ģ
˵ꡭ
ۿĻһ˼ˡ
ȷõĿͷŪõˡ
ˣ򵥵ľ档
ΨǰȴοЦЦ͵ۿӴıϾ̣ȫ˽ۿ
˿̵ۿĻ׵ĳˣ㡢ǻ۵ʣõĳ·
ʮ󡭡
СͻȻȻֹˡ
׵Ķˣȴһ±ơ
壿ƺҲȻ㱻ˣǿİ̹Ŵĺ
ǰȻԪ񣬵ǿȫԺɨһУ̫ǿˡ
󡭡
һʱϣ׵ģȴˡ
Ϊǰ˺֣ܶƵĿǣеľóȻǵϳ
ҿ̹ŵڶ࣬ɱпӵ顣
Ȼкܶǰ̵ӣ͵չļƻزˡ
̹ŵ
ĵۿû뵽ƻȻˡҳıǷ˶ֹڤ޺޵˵
ҲɵսͿˡ
߾ǿ·ߣܹܲʾɱ˰ɣ
ˣ֪ڹġʧءȴûһ˿İ취ֻܸļƻ
ȷɶ񣬵ۿļƻɹˣֵǺܴѹϿľˣǵǿúܶ˵ˡ۽
̾Ϣûа취Բ޳Сÿһ˶ģʧ
ô죿
Ҳ֪ʴɣ
ţ
û취ֻܽˡ
˼һҲ赣ģһģֻǰһѡȻˣղǰۿýƾͼƣǵҲˣܿˡ
ã֮ǰ˷ܹ죬ɽ̹ŶΧѾԳôˡ
Ҫأۿ֮ˣҲýԽԽˡ
ۿƣνһ·
ףǿһ㶣˵ǣԽԽˣ֮ǰҪأڼȻ˲ˣǾͽƾͼƵŰɡ
ţ˵ʮ״̹ܿŵȫ֡
һ˵Ǳ¶ˣֻб¶ˣñ˰ġҪʼղصܣñ˸ӵĵǡſˣϺǾͲǲˡ
Ͱ˵ģȻ¶ˣǾͼʶһǿɣ˳һЩС
˺󡭡
Ƶǽǵ壬ƾͼ֮£ʼԭ켣еš
졢丸겮ʦȵһĴףʮµʮ俪ʼܱš



425 塰
ɽ
ʮֵĵ͵ʯ˴һ֮ĸоԼĲ㣬ʴֵܻɽչˡ
λܵܣο壿
һ۵֮ʵ
ԭʼ͵˺ܶ࣬Ŵѯ֮棬ҲȻƺ˵ָ˳Ӧ
ͨȴ˶˳ƶ޾ѡưԺģȻ˳ӦûʧңǴγͻóȻѸ٣ûʧң˳棡
üֵܵϾͬ˵ͬ
ʣλ͵ܿƲǵǰ̣
꣬ͨԭʼһۡ
ԭʼ˵ʱ̶˳Ӧʹͣƺ㣬ǰ;Ѳ⡣
ͨȴ̫ޣơֻҪֱľǴ㹻ʵͼıǲǲܳ׵˵Ӷңڡ
ƣ޻˵ˣֻͬ˵Ļпܡ
ôͨԭʼʵ
Ȼûǰ㣬ֵˮݵĵزǴ˿̣ѾиԼֵĵˡ
˼Ȼ˵˱˴ˣǾҲԹһ£⡣
˼һ˳棬жҲܲʾǣֻҪǿ󣬺˵˳档
ΪʲôܣǾǿʵ޾壬Ϊ޾Ϊ
ʵӸעǿ󣬹ҲãҲգǿǣô
˵ֵ꣬ƺ⡣
еǵģ֮ǰΪ޾һС
Դӱʯȴ֮ʱ˲ǵıչأҲʼ̽ݺĵˡ
ͨ̽ݣȻ˺Ĳ򵥣ǰ㡣
˴˿̵ľ棿
˿̵ľ棬˶ԸԵĵľ档
ΪѹŬΪ֪ĲԸŬŬŬŬ֮£֮Ϊкܴ
¶ԸԵĵ֮ĳַˡ
ӾǿǸֻǿ޾һУ޾ʶΪ
ԭʼãӦ˳ӦΪӵػߣֻıӻߵĸԶ
ͨǲͬͨΪ˳Ӧ˳ӦԼĵΪ棬Ǹ汾ģ˳ʱ˳ӦʱһС
ԭ켣еˣǿļį˸߰Ըֻ˳Ӧһеԭʼ
̫ĸı䣬ǱĲᣬܵһ̽ϢһŬ֮ǰܳʱ䣬˵ͬľ档

ӼλܵƺԼĻشΡ
뵽ˣ˽ìܣ˿̲ǳìܵʱ
ֵΪֵ˼ǣʱϹۣìܡ֮ǰԪӵͬţǵʦԿóضиߵĲκ;硣ҪģǾﵽ֪ļޣҲǴԲ˺취
Ȼ˵ԪӺʯˣԸ񻹿Եͨ죬еܣ̫ˣֱӱ˼Һɨ
ܵǣ˻˺ܾãˣʯˣӦòǼ򵥵Ĵ򵥣⡰ڡǼٵġ
ʵˣʯΪߣΪԼ̹Ԫǵʦƺʶ˱ס
ⶫʱһ£ֻ𺳡عͷ룬ֻˣĿ־Ρ
ѹ֪˼ҵ׶һϸûУͿˡ
ʶһ֮ԭʼͨ˲ɶ˵ˣֻ˵˵Ķ԰
ˡ
ѹ˺þãԭʼص˵ɣǣѹûһ취Ϣûһ㣬ô죿
ǰ硣ͨҲ͵
ȴ֪λ͵ܿɹעǰϺ¼ûУ
Ϻһ㶡
Ǻ⣿û̫ס
ǺǣһЦ˵ѵλ͵ûϺôȫϺϺҲ̫ǿˣҺɢϺĵϢǲ𣿡
ף˱ôһ˵Ūɻˡ
˼ǣϺи֣Ԫʦǰǿĸ֣ͨ졣
䲻ҿ϶ض򵥣ҴϺϢû𣿡ӡ
ѵҥ˵ģޱߣԭʼеĿɿڴ
ǲִԵģ֮ǰд˵Ϻޱߣ֮ԱǵģΪƺĿ
òϣԼϺֻǵͰĿԪˣϺ¼У͸¶źܶغδ֪
ͨҲ˼ˣʼ˼˵ϺҲ˼ԭʼʵģϺĴޱ
벻ףɻ
ͨԭʼȴûش˲侪ˣæʵ磬Ϻޱ㻹ûشأѵѵţ
æҡͷΪֲҿ϶
˵꣬ͨ졢ԭʼ˿ӺȻʣǣҪأ

⡪


426 ĻԵ
ⲻܣԭʼҡͷ
ҪĴޱߣԼҲǱߵһλԼĽδ棿
ǰ磬ⲻܡͨҲ˵
Ǻǣλ͵ĪΪҲǱΪֵϣģģ˽Ŀ꣬һԪԼصʦţ˷򡣡
˵ȥϺʦ𣿡ԭʼǰһʲô彾ʦǿܵġ
ΪʦֻҪʦܵõôǻ½ģʦ
Ϊֻѡҡͷô˵һҪŽᡢ֣ĪҪԴ󣬶ҵΪʱҲ޷о޴ĽǰϺ
ۼΪʵͨ
ԭʼҲҪǴģϺֻҪ㲻Ҿ޷ǵȷҪȥ˳˵ģǲںȥɣΪҪġ
ǿοҺλܵȻԼͬͬһԴǲᱻ׸ϵġ
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Լֵܸǿǰʱ½̹Ԫǲ½ġ
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һʱ䣬Ϻַƾۻˡ
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׼ᡢħĽ֮Ȼӷϲ˷ܶʿĴϵΪˣҲİ˱
кܶˣ˵ΪǾ塣
ˣΪ˻ߵôĴƣĴѹΣ˵ѹκͱƵģ˺޵˹ûѹκƵģȴֲΪıе塣
ǿȫȥĸ춴ء
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Ϊһʱ仹˷ͷ˴
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һԪĥ˶ʱһ̫¡
һյأһ޴սµյء
׼ͽźܶȥϺ󣬶һۡ
ʦ֣˹֪ηȥϺ׼ͻ顣
Ϊ˵һЩܣһЩĸ߲죬ȥѰϺֵܣȺ̽ѰǵĻĹԴͷ
׼һ㶣ʦ˵ġ
Ϻȷأ޸ֱŵģΪ׷ɱܾãҪħµıֶΣˡ
ô׷ɱò׶ˣΪˣǱصĴھ˳һԪĥ
ʴϺ޸ֱ鲼ġ
ڻĹȺҲ֪׷ɱǵģǺܶĹȺĸ֣һҲ
׼˼һŵҲϺأ̽һ
ǰıϺ˵ʧܣ֪ϺأҲһ￴ϺأȻҪ̽һˡ
ߣǱǣǡ׼ƣԼĸƣﲻ˵Ϊָһ
ˣĪ˵Щˣǵĸʼ˵ģ˺ܶ࣬Ǻô롭ס
٩٩̸ĽȻеһǣļ¶
ʦ֣׼оʦֺȻԾ
ʦܣΪַһ󣬿ΪҲ͡
ղ˵Լֵʱ򣬺Ȼ̽鵽˲Զ
ԪһĪļȸУǼ룺ѵǰ˵ĻԵ
ˣ׼˵һ֮Ѹȥ
һᡭ
ֵܸеһϡ
նĵطȻȴ
ʦ֣⣿ûֺµ׼ἤˡ
ûڵĴڣΪַĪָǰ˵ĻԵڣضΪֵĻԵ
̫ˡ
ֵܼˣлԵˣ֮ǰоϺлԵһᣬû뵽ڶλԵˡ
̫õĿǵĻԵҲϺǺԭ켣һˣǲûƳϺҲûõԵܵ˴ݲС
һ֮󣬽Ϊȥ󷨡


427 ̫
̫磬ڼ̫ˡ
չǰԪɾŲ㣬غԪ޽Ĳ㣬Ĳһ󾳽硣
ңǼ򵥵ĻԪ޽Ĳ㣬Ԫ˫˫侳磬̫ﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɵ㡣
ںģ̫˾ͺˣҺ̫磬̫˭֪
⣬Ԫ޽ɻбĺô춨ʥˣʥҪϢܣһֵϣ޷ڵġ
̫һԪ޽ǿںصģ̫ؾΪ˵κΪС
̫ǿȴأĻɶƾˡ
졭

̫ľڷſ˰̫һȥߣʮλ̫ĸ߲ĵĵ
ʱǸ̫֣ܵһѹĿʼˡ
ߵʦ𣩣صʦ֤Ԫ޽ɣء
ˢˢĹһʱ䳹쾻ߡ
˵ΪĵһˣǵһԪ޽ɵĴڣصֻô㡣
ԱȺʥݣ̫ɾͻԪ޽ԵС
̫⣬ģȫȥչ¶ƣ̫ҲûбҪ
ɣ̫˵
ֻ̫˵꣬ǺȻеһĪˣǿףֱǲˡ
Գ棬˵ľˣ̫磬̫ҪһſɣһСĿܻ鷳
𺳵ʮ߲㣬ΰԡ
˺Ǳ̫һ䣬Ƶʵǰ
̫ϵΰأʮλ߲Ļ㱨һ̫չغ
ڴǰ¼Ϻ˺֣ܶкܶĸ߲㡣˵
̫ĪҪᣬô컹ô죬ϺҲûɢޣ߲ˣбĿİɣ
ص𣬵ȷˣڵչزãǺгλϿɵʣΪۿͶ̫һǸǺɨġ˺󲻾ֳ壬̽󣬽ƽƽǰĿֿϺǰĺȺ߲㣬ǲܵۿͶ̫һͳΣϺһᡭ
Ŷ̫һȻԼԤϵĲۿͶ̫һˣ嶼ʼˡ
⣬˵̫ͬ
ȺϺһҲҴϺע⣬µȷ窇˵ģʼղۿͳΡ
ڵ֪ϺлĹŵĴں뿴ܲҵԼȺĻĹǰҵȺ˭µۿͶ̫һ
뵽ˣ̫ݣȥ֪ϺĻĹȺ˵Ϊĸ̤ģȥԣǵҺģնġ
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ʶʵʦǲһεҪˣǽǣ
ǶǴӻĹš̫ģϸ̫׵Ķ࣬Ȼ֪ٻÿһʱϮ
͵ʦӣǲµˡ
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ʦ֪ԽԽܵеùǰ޺壬ô˴ε£ʯʵ
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룺ȻʦԭͼƻһС
ֲá֮ǰɣⶫ̫һ͵ۿԳʣõϿɣΪǱĻԣԭͰźˡ
ǰ֮ǰչأµȲжغ͵˵һȥѵǵۿͶ̫һһٵģû뵽
ҲЦˡ
ŵۿʱǷŭģԳʣֱˣ֪ǵһƺ
ǰ̫ڱչأǲκεûж̫غ̫ȥǵۿû뵽ˡ
ǺǣᣬûǾܵõ𣿴⣬Щŵϼһˡ
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νŵϼһȻָЩ֪ʳƺ̫Ĺϴڡ
ǲɵۿ¶žˣǿɲû̫ƣʳƺ򵥵õ˵ϡ
³çˡ
̫һЦ޷Ҷѡ


428 ת
ȥ̫۲һ̫ı仯ǰԼΪԪ޽ɵʱ̫Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
̫㿴һ¾˶١
ѱ̫磬̫Լһ򵥵ʶһɨ
Ȼô̫ࣿķ֣ԼԤƵҪĶ࣬ҸǣǴ硢˴󷨣ȻҲ̫ı仯仯ˡ
һ̫Ǻ档
̫Ϊﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɺ̫Ҫĺܶࡣ
磬һֱûо׵Ļת󣬱Ҫ޲ſɲõĿռ䴩ȡ
Լ̫̫֮ǰйݵʱմ󣬴̫ҪԽɽ΢Ƕʮ춼ɷġ
֮ǰΪΪ޷Що˿̫оЩˡ
ʱż̫㳹׵оһ̫˵
̫뵽һ˸Ѿʧ̫ıԵ
̫硭
Ҳ̥ĤΧһϡһʮֵĶӡ
֮ˣҪһʱݻݻĻ
̫һº֣Լƿ̫磬Ҳô˵ȶӵĵطٱĻΪ;仯ġ
Ϊ;粻ǲô˵Ѹٵĳģ̫ͺñ̫Ԫ̫ԿԪ񣬵ܿԪ޵Ҫͻۡ
Ҫ̫Ŀȫ̫ıȺĻ̫ޱȵŨ̫ǿ޵ˣ
ģ̫̫֮飬̫ٿأ̫ķ֮ȴҪԽԽ󣬲̫žΪ仯
̫һʵ֮󣬷ҪΪ;̫㲻ᣬȥоתɡ
ֻҪоתǾȥʵһ£ֻҪʵɹˣǺĵ˽᳹׵ĸı䣬̫ںϹͨļƻҲܳɹˡ
뵽ˣ̫Ѹٵʼ˶Իתʼ
ڿռ䴫ʹʱմʱżΪҪģǻת
֮תȥܼ򵥣ѣĲ˵򵥵Ļ֮תԪɶ
Ҫתж٣
Ҫ֪̫ǴתάһʱյģǼʮ
о޴ѶˣҲҪۣһԪתһҪȴʮҪǾ͵òʧˡ
ʴˣƻԪת֮ۺͷΧǲеġ
̫뵽ЩҪоǣԼͻ֮оӶ޴ڵķΪеת
˵ﶼлҲ
һһأ̫о͸תԴ
ֻת贴ǣԵĻߺ߾ͿɣҪ߷
ݣ̫ʼһδεĳԡ
֮ĴУ̫һһֱģһ󷨿漰ߺ󣬾ûһ򵥵ġ
İݺͳأ̫оĺ͸Ҫǻߵо
̫ãֻҪԼ΢һ֮ܲóת󷨡
ͬʵ򵥵ת֮޴ڣֺͻ޶Ĺʲôԭûأ̫뵽
ѵǧ򽻺ϻµȻݻ
ԣˡ̫ȻһֻҪתͿɣǻݻıԴ壬ⲻԼ𣿡
̫֣ԼղȻ֪˻ߵ߰壬ݻĸ
ҪǸֻҪ籾ԴĻ֮Ϳɡ
ЩѰ˭׼ȷһĿȻأֻб߸ݲſɡ̫ҡͷ
Ȼ巽ˣǾͼˣֻҪó֮תͿɣǰĺĳŻ֮˺֮γ޾ĺס
̫Ȼǰһ԰ֻҪһջ֮˺յĻ֮ˣתʵ
̫ȻȻʡ
ǰ滹ţ죬ֻҪҵԼҪģѸٵĻȻʡ
̫ףԼҪõתոˣʵһ
ջ֮˺³
ǴԽʵǼ򵥵Ĺõĸӻѡ̫Գ
̫ҲŪˣΪνУɺı仯
ǳ̹żǺĵӻӶתǶֻ֮ӴأҲ˵󷨻һ룬Ȼ󷨣һ󷨣ֻˡ
ԣɽײ֮ʧֻкڡ
ҰԽԽ࣬ºתٶȣˣԽԽϡ
ֲÿκ٣ǷٺѸٵ㣬ǸɲˣǣټԼһδֻءϡ̰Ҫԭ򣬶ϡҪԭټֻǳʽֻбʶǻֻۣΪ˶ƶƣ취
±ֲ̰ƵģҪֶˣ˵пܵ޲Tң
̫룬ױˣҲ򵥣ǺܸӺ鷳
˵ֻҪˣĻԽԽĴڣ㲻ûĵ̰ԽԽ̰
ˣȥЩˣ̫鷳оתɣ



429 һ˲ĵ
ϸ˼֣ԽԽǸӣ̫Բȥ룬оת֮Ĵ˵
˳󣬾ͼ򵥵ĶˣֻҪ̫оһֶͬ
ֻҪͬɣһһĿȻ󷨡
İݺͳأͨͬĸͨҲ̫ԣǲܻġ
̫ʹκηκͨһʲôɷѪħȵȣû̫õġ
ƽĽľˮ硢ꡢסȣϡƽ̫ͬһ׵ĸεݱ䣬ֻҪҵܲóת
˺̫ӻһʼͬĸ
ǧ̫γɵĹؼ
κΡ
ɽؼģ̹ŴļںԽǱʲô顢֮鶼ǻȴǴ죬ȥȻƵ˴ǣ
ҪԴ߷оҺãյİ壬һͷãȻֻҪǰɽͬһǳͿɣܸתİ취ˡ
̫׺һơ
ȥģҪת󣬹Ȼ򵥰
ҲǣҪǼ򵥵Ļֵű취ԽǼԽջԽ󣬱Ԫ޽֮󣬵Ǽ򵥵ĸ򣬶ԱòˣֻвϵĥԼĴߣܼǰУоתǺܺõ㣬ȫһоһ߸ͻ硣
ţ㡣
̫¶ĺ󣬴ȥ
ǶԼΪǶԺֻҪƶļƻȥѰҵ
ò˵оתĹУ˳ҵ˽ٽ·̫һк͸
Уֻ̫֪Խܻ࣬ٳɶͻơ
̫ɶ룬ɶԣҪǱ㲻רǰ;ãˣǶ̫ȴǡô
뵽ˡ
ȻˣǾȥɽɣ˳ȥĸһ»Ԫ޽ɵǿ󡣡
̫궯ģֻԾˣŻųȥˡ
Ԫ޽֮ﶼ̫磬˵Ĳһˣ̫ʱضܻ̫磬ûȥһ
̫ûκˣʧ̫硣
Ϻ
̫ϺʱſԼơ
Ȼ
Ķʱһ

ˡ
ֻŭһһ޿ƥеѹ˲ϯġ
⣬⣿һ˲˲ز
ţ˲Ҳˡ
ôˣˡ
ںεأڸȻֵѹǰĿ־ˡ
Ԫ޽ɣü͵һ㶣Ϻѵ
üˣ
ħ񣬡⣬⣬ֱ˼飬ȻǻԪ޽ɣ
ħ̹ŵķӡԼӦκεϢѹ֪ȵһС
˿̣ѹһУ׵ܵˣħֻˡ
ܣϵǰʮĻħҲͻָ˻ԪɾŲѣȻ˱ϵҪ죿Ǻϵһħ񣬻Ǻ飿ħ־૵

ǣɽĺ͵۾겻ƶѸٵɽ󷨵Χ
Ϻѵ̫ѣʱıܸӣϲʧ䡣
ϲǣп̫ʧǣԼƺֱ̫ˡ
ȻǺüħ
ʿ½ѹĺһĿɿڴ
Ǹ쵰ĺе
Ȼ̫𣿡½ѹ̾˿
ô죬̫Ѳ˵ܳʱ𣿡ʱ⣬ңңĿϺ

ѹڼ
˲ȫˣ˲ɳܲסˣҲˣױȵѹ֮¡
˲ֵˡ
˲ֵˡ
ʿ𣬽ǹݼܣѹ˲ٵʱڳܲסˡ
ĴӪȦˡ
ôǿôȻֵѹ׵߸֪أ
СĹһأֻΪ̫ҽɴڼ֡
ǣ˲ˣ
һҽУĶڲҽУ̫Ҹ֣ȻҲǵɡһһѹŪùݣԿ
˲󣬻ڼֲģֻдʱĴܣ޽ɵĲˡ
ʱ޽ˣѵҲҪݣ⻹أ
Ҫ׹˭Ҳãؼǲ׵Ĺݣͽѿˡ
ʱк飬ڷ⡰һ˲䡱ļ尾Ȼǿ
Ѫڤӣҧ֣룬ѹڤӣѪɣڤӲ
׼ͽû뵽߸˵ҵһ󣬱ΪҪдջ񣬵Ȼѹôô¡
ʦ֣ѵʲô׼ˡ
ΪҲ֪ѵصĴڣƺضѹġ
ǣҪ˰
Ϊ֣ΪҲû취
һߡ
ʣᡭۿ
̹Ѫ룡ס
ᡭ
ڴ޸֣ƴĵһ˲ĵ



430 𴱣
Ϻ̫һ˲ջԼѹ
ȻǻԪ޽ɣȻǿһξ壿˵Ԫ˫˫ףʥ˾һΣأ
һǿ̫֮ڷˣԼԪ˫˫Ԫһһļ򵥡
ʥ˾һ֣̫Ҳ޾ˣΧ
Χ̫Ҳµģаѵ̫ûа֣
ο̫ԽԽǿ컯ƣʥأõֹʥ˵ĲΣ̫ºϣˡ
ʥˣһʱСвѣĵˣЩССġʶǱϴСС·ʥҲںҫѡ
ֻԸǿ󣬲ӵ̬ȡ
̫һǿ󣬹һʱûˡ
ǡ
̫ʶһɨʱ򣬿Ŀ顣
ף̶̵ĸһΪȻǹһƬǺǣֵ޽𣿡̫Ц

ӪۿͶ̫һۿҪˣƺȻʧˡ
еۿͶ̫һ׵˿ղŵļǺľеķЩվס˻λϡ
˶һۣӱ˴˵п֣գ
ЩˣЩǰˣҺƺȻʧˣҪһ˲ܡ
ʱ£վĿ־塣
ۿҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬵˿ҪοֻӲ˵޷ѹѣʾ޷
⣿ڴһ㶡
ȿȡۿСĵ㣬ⰵ̽ʲôԭ򣬶С˵ѹͿɣ򲻿ġ
ǣڴæǡ

ɽ
ֵͷ󺹵Ķһۣ˺һĻš
磬Ϻȥȥԭʼãʵ
ʵѹ̫ˣµǲԣͽˡ
ѹϤѹô⵽ô£
ҪȥģٵȵȿʱɽĵķӦ˵ӶԼΪе㻳ˣ鶼ˣԼΪ
˵ǡԭʼͨ

ûˡ̹ŵɣԱ˵
ףڸղЩˣƺȻʧˣ˷ܡ
Ц꣬ȻеΣΪֵܽɵ۵ĿЦʲôѵǲû£
ȿȣ̫ǿҲ֪ʲôԭ򣿡ףڸæ첻Цˣʡ
ֻ˻ش
ⲻ֪
̫һѹȫ룬ôĺ䶯
ⲻ̫ǿ󣬸ǵһԪ޽Ӧеơ
Ҫ̫Ѹĵɢѹֻܲǹ̫ҽΪֹԪɶҪ
ǣ̫ûѸģҲ̫ϤҲӰ˺ֻܵģ̫ſƵķӦѡ
ʴˣֻ̫̫ҽһµĹˡ
䶯ҲСӡ
˲ˡ
һεˣϺΧڣǰϺʱϺûϺĸҲûдɱ
˺󣬵С뿪Ϻǲǰ˿־壬Ϻ̽Լ׷ѰȺĻĹԴͷ
һѡϺˣղŻԼλѴԼ֮ǰţ˵ʲôϺֲޱȣʲôǿףʲôԼʶصǿߡ
Ȼѹһ˶ˡ
һͷʣѣղŵѹƺҲϺɢģѵǿߣ
Ȧˡ

ȦĲֻˣۿҪ˵׼ͽȻѹɢȥ󣬺û˵ϡ
ʦʦ֣֡׼е⣬ѹ
ţ˰亹ĽֵֻˣӦòǹ󷨵µġ
ǣ
ƿ󷨣ڵĶΪֺҪ˺ѸٵĻɽȥǰô¡
ã
˺ֵܼ
ǰƿˡ
ʱ
ֻһѸٵķʱܵĸеһе

ܵһȣǽ𴱾Ȼˡ
һ֮󣬷֣Լע鱦
ãһ𴱣Ȼƶϸõõ鱦ͽн𴱡
ϲʦ֣ô鱦׼Ҳ˷ˣʦҲв鱦ˡ
Լб߱ʦȴûϵ鱦û뵽ʦдˣõ֮鱦ˡ
鱦ƺ͵ϣȥͲ򵥣ҲǶ鱦ĲΡ
տĽһҲ˷ܵıˣֻЦ粻ЦȥŤ
˺ֵѸٵ̽󣬷һЩƵر֮ջ
֮Ѹٵ뿪ˣûѹĿ£Ȼϲ鱦һֵǣҪץɽ



431 ޳ܡ컯
̫һγԣҵĺһʱƽ
̫ң컯˶̫һ֮˽̸
ǣʱȻһɫ̫
̫̽һˣԭ֮ǰõʮ޾¹ȥˣǵԺо޴ƶãԻܵĹڽˡ
ϲ𣬵˫ϲŰ컯˵
̫Цû뵽й£֮ǰΪ޹£ԭ⹦ҲҪܰ
ˡȻӦҲԱĹԼѡ컯Ц
̫һ㶣뻹ǱԪ޽ɣе㱾ܵĲԿʼôˡҲãʱҲ뷨
ǱҪȥδ컯ʵ
̫컯˵һ»ת뷨
컯Ҫǳɹˣ𹦵ܱĺ˥ܡ
˥ܣ̫׻Ԫ޽֮˼뷨һˣ֮ǰ֪Ҳһˣʶ컯˵Ľ˥˱뷨
̫컯µ⣿
ǰɣ϶ԲںģĺĲ˥ܣһƼ
ף컯ˡ
˲̫˼޷Բĺģں޾Сģֻоơ˥ܡԡ
ΪδʱδԲȥں޾Сأ
컯ãȻݱḶ́пܵġ˥ܡҲһݻĹ̡
ýںϣ飬˺ںСٴںϣ
ҿ϶ֿܣԪ޽֮󣬺ȻԽԽԿˣ˵ҲЦ̫
Ǻǡ컯һЦνԽǿԽ㯣Сʱ۽С޾ηǿ֪Ķˣ㯺͵ǵҲͶˡ
ǰɣ̫һ̾ںǸãͱһҲϣںúĵ㣡
ǿɬ˺ܶ࣬Ҿ޾Сʣ˶ʡ컯ȴΪ
ˣںںϳ磬޾С绹ǻʱģÿںϵײͷĲܼС硣Բܣе޾ںϣһֳںϣֱһֱɳѣС绹޾ġ
ǺǣǾٺòˡ컯Цʣͱļƻһѵòã
̫ҡҡͷǲãǸ֮̾ǰ۽硣֮ǰǶԺܶ鶼ƶģû뵽Ϊŷ֣֮ǰˣ
ֵ̫ãδ֪ñѪڣǿһк㯡
ȷҪ̼ҲҪսѹ컯̫ʮʮֵ˽⡣
еĵ۵ıΪϲڣΪеģ
˿δ֪ѹ󣬿±𲻻įеûˣ컯á
һ̸֮˵˽ϺĽ
컯ʣ֮ǰêݾϺĻĹŴڣҪֺģƻ˺ĵҷչ𣿡
ţ̫˵ͷδ֮ǰĺģϺֵڣڵĹˣƫδ֪ķ򣬿»᲻ԺҪӰ죬ҲԱĲֲԱêһ档
ȷˡ컯ͷٸְϺˣкܶ౾ϤĴڡ
̫Ҳ̽飬ʵ˭
컯жĸǷ˺Ů洡
컯˵ΪĴ̫е㾪ϲ
Ǻǣû뵽ôϤġϺ˺ܾõϺĳΪĵһʥˡ̫Ц
ҲǣϺ¶ѣֻҪ΢¶ú𶯡컯ҲеС˷ܡ
˷ܵ컯̫̫ʵ컯ǲʲôƻ
컯Ȼ¶Ц֪㣬ôŮ洶֮νǰ;ƶ컯֮ݱ֮ռ֣ƶ
̫ˣҪͽĽడ
ǣ컯ѵŮ洽컯ôģ
̫ʵѵѲ֪Ů洽ļ
ƶȻ֪컯
㣿
Ǻǡ컯Цˣⲻǻб𡣱ĹϵϺͺԼϵ飬͡ϵҪ˵
⻰˵̫꣬Լ컯µ֪ôô޳ܡ
̫Ҫܼ򵥡
Сϵˣϵƭ˵ڵ׶٣̫һġ
ǡϵƭԼġ
ҲԼĺϵҪ̫˵ܼ򵥡
̫û컯Ȼô޳ܡ



432 Ů
̫沿仯컯ֵƶͽͱͽһѵǵСΣ
Σ̫ƵͽܣΪҪȥǺʲôʱôֵǮˣһҪҪ
ΪģͽԪӣô죿ƶűû֣ǵʼˣ󽫻׼ʥʱǻԪɡܲԪת޴ӴҲ̫ɣԪдˣת޴¡
̫Ĭ
컯ֵԤļλʥ˲˵㲼óɹת֮ص࣬ʱ㣬ʥ˵ĹλȫӼԲʮҪȫ԰
̫ȻĬ
ȷҲʥ˹λԼԼĵʥһԼ
컯ֵ֪뷨޷ǿʥ˶ѣҪ֪˶籾ǿ󣬶Ժܶ˵ʥ˵ĹλǱ׷󣬸οʥ˲ǲֻܽǽһѡβʱһʥ˹λ˺أ
̫ܳĬˣȴ˵ǿŮ㲻ͽҲһ
Ϊβգպͱһģһʥ£ߺֶΪأ½ԵеʱҲһǿİ֣Ԫһмܰ컯д˵
̫һ룬ô£ǰǽĲõӸò˵컯˵
ǡϵǷԼô̫ĹϵԼҪȫû⣬ϵӦҲӦ
οԼǽĹ£˺ҪҪ
˵˭һʼڵkƿжѡ
ԡ
ðɣ˵Ӧˡ̫˵
Ǻǣ֪㿴ס컯ЦϵȥŮˡ
˺ֵȥȥ
̫һǲȥˣԼȥհɣǰɽȥоתɣҪоղҵҲûá
ţҲá컯
˺󡭡
̫ʧңǰɽȥ
컯һ֮Ҳʧˡ

Ϻһ޴ɵǷ٣Ϻʿ˽׻Ѱ۵
УһһŮԵøĳеʣŮȶò
ǰϺŮ洺ͷá
ʶϺķ֮󣬷˵ϺȻ紫Եǰ㣬㣬ͣǵͨ͵һףǵÿ鶼ԡ
Ů˵ǰҺϲûɱ¾ûйĶթͣںľ޽С
˵˵ͷͬõ˵ֵǽǰµģûǿϺ֣ȸĵĵط类ռˣǳ˸Ĳп֮ء
Ů׵ĵ˵ͷɻ˵磬ǴԵĴޱȸҲʹ޶ѣôϺôǿĴڣǲ֮ǰңԶʱиǿڹȥˣ
𣿡Ҳֻ֪˵ǲ֪ԭӦҲ˵ˣںϹʱ֮ǰԶʱ̫ʱϺֳƺģĹʱ
ǰΪ̫Ϊһû뵽лĹʱҲǲŵ֪֮ǰһ֪ġŮ洸̾

˽̸һᣬ˺뿪ɵȥĵط
˺꣬üϺΧĵشһֱûȥ
ĿģһΪ֤ʵԵʵԣǣҲѰ˵뷨ǵв²СıС
廹ףǿԿģǿҪġ
ϺѰҸǿĻԵ
죡
ãҪǰˣΧûѰҵĸ֡˵
Ůܵǣ˵ǾݴϺĺΣհ
޷ǾͲǱŴɱϺľи֣ҲֵΪǣҸиֵķȣİɡ
ǡŮ活е㵣ǡ
ã뻢ѨɵûӣԱѣֻһǰ
Ů󣬷ֵȷˣԼһֱǸˣ֪ôˣеѶϣⲻԼԸ񣬵˵ԭ
Ů洲֪˴ߣرӵĴڣҪԤ֮εĿʼӰ컯˵УԽеìܡ
ҪǱⷬƣŮ洵ӡŮ洵͵ùˣκ˺̫ͬһԴ컯ܡ
ڵĵkֻ˸ţǻǲеĻҲû취
˿̣Ů派ȥϺĺû취ˡ
Ů洣ļһ顣
Ů洼ᶨ˵ǣˣǰϺġ
ףһ㶡
룺ԼϤֻˣȻúԸܺãһֱǸڸյĴڣǰʱ䲻֪ôˣúȻˡ
һ̣ԼϤûˡ


433 ˣ
컯ˣй۲˿ΣˣϵŮΪӣǺǣ
컯ˣʼļƻʼˡ
컯һϵ˻Ĺʱһʳ棬ٺϺӣϺɢУΨ֮һ棬컯ǲһ㣬컯ָ˶컯ʮ𾴡
ȥɡ컯˶˵
ǣƶزС
ǰӵ컯ָʾ˵顰鷳һ£ˡ
ǴԵû뵽ֵԼˡ
Ȼ컯˶˵ֻҪһ£˺ͿסңɸԼС
⻰˵꣬ʱ˵Ҳ
㣬ΪΣյû뵽һУ̫ˡ

뿪һϺΧɵ˺ŷ˺Ů洵ĵ
һߣŮ洺ͷ˽ϺķΧ󣬿ʼʮȥˣûΣգȻҲûκεĸ֡
죡
ڸ·ãȻһһ
ηСԽϺģ治֪
˵꣬һŮ洺ͷ˾УֻòܿƵıתƽһڶС
˿̵ķ˺ŮĿ־ˣǺη֣ȻôǿԼ˾ȻĻᶼûС
ѵԼҪˣ˴˿̵뷨
ǣ
һת֮󣬵ܿʱ򣬷һ޴ɵϣԼ˵ǰһ׷ϵˡ
ϵתһֻȻһĸоһۿȥͽˣղųֵľˡ
ԵδϺģ˵
̴̻һϵĺǳ⣬÷˺Ůһϵˡ
ңǡԺΪϾȲŮ洣һʱ𺳵Ĳ˵ˡ
ǰǲ޶⣬Ů洽æ˵
Ŷɻ˺һˣзţûиеΣյϢԴ󵨵Ĳκεĵֿ
ΪǺԼѰĸ֣ҸߵˣԼϵǰһ㷴ûеġ
˸Ѹٵʧˣʱ˵ȷ񣬲ϺĲǿģ뿪ɡ
⣿ˡ
Ů洴󵨵˵ǰţ
ߣ˹̬һߣʵϵԵΣ
ǰĪҪᡣŮ洸æ͵˺ĶɽʿǰϺǰڶ࣬ʴǰʦģûκεĶ⣬ǰΪˣԶԶ룬ʴһʱ䣬һʱ䡭
ˣϵ֪ˡŮ洵渵ģǾɵķԸʱŮ渵ҪСŮӿϵˣҪʦϵǾͻˡ
ʦϵܣ˵˽أǲˣʹ뿪ɡ˵

⡪
ˣǺôǰʮĴ񰡣ôǣѵ˵뷨
ʲôȥǳмһҪɹһ
Ȼ
ڴУȻŮ洰һᣬһˣֻѸٵĹأ˳ŷˡ
ִ˵飬ָţرʾʲôףΪϰ
һ룺ȻǵõŮӣΪ棬־ѵá
ȴòϷ
Ů洵ǰ֪ǰҶˣǰһ棬һᣬǰ
ǰǰҲ
⣿Ϸȫ棬飬ֿ˻룺ˡ
ʴˣǹ̬һĬͿǣ˺þòŵҲգ֮пɣңϵǸָ㣬Ҳ޴˿̵ĳɾͣ뵽ϵ֮ǰȻϵðܳͷһᡣ
⻰˵꣬Ů洺ͷ˲伤ˡ
ƺʲôϵǸָ㡱ʲôܳͷ
ȫˣôǿĸ־ȻҲָƺ˹Ҫ˵ܳͷ
Ϻ׻кεȴڣ
ǰŮ洿ʣȴ֪ʲô
ĪҪ˵ˣϵһԣϣ컯Ȼ˵
ֻϺĵķңңһݣ˵Сˣ컯Ů洷λС֮мᣬСжԣʶ뵺ǽϺģΣܷ񡭡뵺׼
Ů洺ͷĿɿУ˵󡭡
¡
һĻֱӳǵֻǿкȻ˸֮Ϣ򡢹ַ򳤺翪ʼ֡
ֻ֮ϣȻһģĵˣǵôݶɣôݶɣ֮²͸



434 ʦ
Сݼ컯ֱӹˣù͹ݵһҲġ
˺ŮɵˣǺεȴڣֱԼΪ˻Ҫ
ˣŮ洣ߵ컯ǰףΪʲô˵ϺأϺǿˣֱ̫̫ǿˣ޷˵˼顣

ף
ڷ˺Ů𺳵ʱ򣬺ȻصĵǰһסԻˡ
ȻǶţ֮ǲ
һŮ洺ͷ˺Ǽ
Ů޶֮ã֮ȻΪȻϵ컯ԸϵΪʦ
ֱϲ콵˲Ůе㲻֪ˣ˭뵽ôõȻԼͷˡ
ʶһʱŮɵˡ
ʱȴѵĺܣæã
Ů洶ʱһ㶣ŮԸ棬ʦ޵
Ů洺ܴ˲׺󣬸æ˳ƺ컯⣬ơ
һߵķȴеʧ䣬òλǰû˵Լô죿
ƣȻˣϵɡ컯˵˵꣬Ŀ˿ˣйʮʱȥ׼һ˺ңɡ
ǣ
лʦŮҲæӦ
컯һ֣Ů洺ͷ˲֪Уһˣʲôɼĸо
ֱˣԴϺģѾǵڶˡ
һǾţһǳ
ʱת䣡
Ů洺ͷһƿʱ򣬷Ѿһľ޴ɵ
ɵŨˣԼɽҪŨ﷨֣޴ڡ
Ů洣ⳡʱ򣬶ʱһֶС
컯˾컯Ů컯ʥȻʮֵʺ
ǰŮԼûʦָ㣬컯˵ĵ󣬶ʱǿ컯ɵ棬Ů˶УҲһ
˸֮Ů洲㣬ʵҲͬԴȻϵ
ֱܾ֮Ů洺ͷ˲˹ˣŮ֮羹Ȼﵽ˴޽ɺڣΪһܴ󣬴ԲĲΡ
ˣﵽ˴ڶ壬Ϊһˡ˻ûеõʲôָ㣬Ѿǳˡ
ˣһУľͷһƴ컯ϥƴ֮ϡ
ʦǰ˶컯
컯۾ĿˣҲʮֵȻͣһ۵컯ΪϺ֮ŮΪŵӣԸ⣿
Ը⡣Ůһ󼤶ڵأݾߵаʦ
컯˵꣬û˵ˣŮе㵣ǡ
ƣ컯еһ֮ĵ˵ͷŮͽʽˡ
¸ϵɽ̫Ӧˣ̫Ҳû⡣
Ů֮һĿ컯ˣƺڿʦԼĸ硣
컯ܲףûշΪͽĴ㣬˻Լ컯ձ˵ģʣλŮ洣Լαһ
ʦŮеΪѡ
ĪҪ˵ĻԵΪͽĻ㣬ֻҪһĥѡ
컯˴Ů洵ĿҲŮ洺ͷ˵һЩδ˵꣬Ů洲ŷ˺ܶࡣ
ҲһȻȻܣ˺ܶࡣ
ǣʦŮ洵
лǰָ㡣ˡ
컯ֵϵ컯֮֮֮֮ԲΪ컯컯֮ǰ;ʶϵΪͽ֮Դǲǰʮ֮飬ĩβ֮ħǱڻĹŶħ
컯һֱ
ϵ컯֮Ǳ֮պд컯Եһ죬ǿĻ͸ܰһĽʵ
һŮ洲Ļ
ʮƷһ䣬ɷɵаɾ飬ȹԪٴȪо˻Ȫֻ֮£Ҳͨ컯ǹ鱦˺㻹лԵ
˵ֻ꣬һɢʥĹâȥ˼¶ĻɫĴ죬ɷɷâ˺ѵĵϻƣȥͲ򵥡
鱦ֱӷɽŮ洵ԪУķĽŮ洼ˡ
Ϊʦ֮컯֮Ҳһصġס򲻿й¶Ϊʦˡ㡣⣬Ϊʦ֮ͨԼʱܴͨ
һ裬Ů洲֪ôݣֱ̫ˣʦĺô
𺳵Ů洣е㾪ϲˣһֱȻõôԵеˡ
ȴ컯


435 ջ
ЩչֻǿǸΪʦǸʹ򲻿εߵ׷񣿡
Ůһ
סŮ˲񣬸ղ汻⾪ľϲŪüˡ
컯ѣ˲ˣЩĻǿŬ
ôջ񣿴˿Ůǲһһ̽ģֻʱ£˺
ң컯˵ĲйġסˣǲҪĶ
컯˵ͷһ۷ˣҲգһнϵ˺һһˣ̫̫ϵ֮ɡ
˵꣬һˣź󣬼ĸæݣǴԵֵݡ
컯˵һˣúεǿ
лǰͣлǰ˵
ţ컯˵ͷŮ洣ȥչһ˳㻹һ飬˺ɻصˡ㻹ĻԵشеĥҪϺȥɡ
컯˵ֲ꣬ܿƵһʱת䣬컯ȥ컯Ԫбչأ˳ĥһľ

˱תƵ컯Ԫ֮컯漴ϵ̫
̫һԼϧľŶûһ컯ϣŮ活ϣҲҲԼͽܵϣ̫Ҳûƽϡ
컯˺̫ܶ࣬ϲöëòõȲ˵Ҫռˡ
ˣ̫ܶ鱦һֱûù̫ϲռ
Ȼ컯ҲеȺã컯ʮЩ˺ܶ鱦
鱦Ĳ⣬ԽԽռˣºܶƳɹĺ鱦޷졣
Ѳס̫컯̫вȱ컯컯
컯Ͳȱ컯ںˣܻ־޴ı仯仯Ǭ֣鱦
ܾ֮ǰ̫й뷨ʱⲻȱ٣ʱȥĴս֮ռ̫ûżѲȱ컯컯ںϡ
ڵںϵʱˣ̫ΪҲﵽԪ޽ˣΪҲˣ̫컯һ󣬴ʱںƷ鱦
Ҫо̫о컯ˣҪæġ
˵ֻҪ컯о͸ˣ˾Ϳɺһ컯ˣʱ򣬻ԴԴϵ鱦
һ˵ϡУ̫׻Ԫ޽֮Ѿ̫ˡ
̫֮ǰĿأҲΪޱȵϡУΪ̨ɻֲ鱦̫رϲϲһ

ͽˣôĶˣ컯ȥоȱ컯컯ˡ
̫ܸӦֲһЩ鱦컯ҲҪһ㣬컯컯ںϳɹ
۱Ƶ컯ԪŮ洺ͷˡ
Ů洣̽һ컯ʦĴ컯˵ⲻҪģҪĻ
ȴ裬Ȼļ
Ȼǡ̫Ҳ֪̫˭ôôҪĵʦأѵʦϵܺã
ʱŮ洣֪̫컯Ĺϵе档
Ҳˣˡ⣬СͨȺܶ๦Ҳ̫Ů洲ˡ
㲻ʦ̫Ĺϵ
˺Ů洼򵥵һ¾ͻȪ죬һһǶ鱦ĲΣŮϲ⣬֮ǰΪҲ鱦û뵽鱦
ʦȻǿ󡣡ŮСŮһЦˣһ٣ˣʦ˵Ϻ֮Ϻ֮ôǿأΪʦĹϵû뵽Ȼ뷨˵İʦ¡
Ůһ뵽˾͸ˡ
ʦʧץʦڵ컯֮˺ʦ˵һ飬Ҳ֪εȿ飿
뵽ˣŮ洿ʼ컯ڵ컯֮ˡ
ʱ嫵ĸ˲ŮεıչضС
Ůûһķˣһ˷ܵĲˣ컯ݸ𺳡
֮ļԭǿ֮Ȼǲ˼鰡
˺Ŀʼ컯Ĵ衣
˲֪ǣкǵĿˡ
컯컯ĥľĥĵã֪ǻ˳ӭӡá㯡ħþĥ
ҺǾܿſɣ˺ᱻתƵʵΪĵطᾭľˮ硢ס֣ΪƿصĿ顣
ǲܱ컯ԪſӶ뿪컯Ԫ
ǣò˵ֿ飬Ҳһִջ



436 󷨳
ɽ̹ż֮֮ء
̫Ϊת
Ҳ֪ͥݱûУ𲻷ȥһ̫̽ͥʮֹ
תĸҲһʱ̫̽һɽҪ鱦˳ͥ
ΪԪ޽֮󣬺󣬵ڴ˿̵̫˵Ѿˡ
ʶſϵѰĵرûҵǷһЩĵر
̫ںİŽͺ«٣ȴȻѰɽһЩ鱦̫ƣܱѹεĲˡ
ӳֺЭܻῪ˹һѼĺ鱦Ϊķֱ׼
̫ѰһջûС
ǰŽǺ˵пޡ«˼Ʒ塢Ƶռ«󣬾ʹ˿ήˣŮ洰˸δⲻ̫ãѰֻܵʱˣ
̫һ̾⼫Ʒ«٣Ǻ«پҲ뵽«ٽ̫оܿϧ
˺󡭡
̫ɽˣѰͥڣȻһ
ѵҪ֮ſʾСֻǽ뿴ѣͲƻҲʲô̫Ƶֹš
Ҫ˵ܻ̫˵һ֣ޣ
ðɣȻǲУǾȥ֮ɣתҲ˽һ£üɾͻԪ޽ɲԶˣ˺ҲʬʥĶʵĳҪˣܴˡ
˼һ̫֮˳ǰ
̹֮ż̫ʱ˲˿ʱ̹ĳ
ʱΨһļ֤ߣ֤̹ŵѵ
̫뵽ܣǷĻ棬ǱתĹؼϾ̹ŵǴչ֡
ˣıԴӡ̰̫Ȼǰӡ̡
һ߸֮һ߲ο֮ǰĵ̣̫ԼҶ·ˡ
ˣ̫˸֮Уһ̹һǸĸݻ
ʱ仺ţʮһԪʱȥˣ̫ŸԽԽԼһٽ㣬ֻҪͱĤܸת
̫һԻ󣺡ȱʲôأ
Ի̫˼š
ʱһ绺ļ̫ץסʲô
ף飬ǶҲж֮оţȴûжȴû⶯֮Ḷ́һҪ飬ˡ
̫ˣֳڸУԪһδʵ顣
ڣһԪֻ̫տ̻һ׵󷨣󷨴˺̫˳֮ϡ
֮ӻ磬ĵҲܵת
֮ԽԽǳ֮͵ˣĵԽԽˡ
֮֮ͺͬԴıԴʧͻתС
ԣ֮֮һֱڣȴԽԽϡ
ǰûκε飬ٵĻۣŨ֮֮תµٳǰŨ
ǣ鵮ʼԽԽ࣬ƻĺıԴҲԽԽ࣬ıתıԽԽ
ѭԽԽϡĸԴ
Ǵ˿̺ȫȥϢ٣ָĻָҲı
Ȼܡ
⡭
̫֮԰󷨿֮Ϊ֮ӻ磬Լպת
Ȼֻ̫̫֮֮أһŨ̫ĳ֮λӿ
ˡ̫˷ܵ
װԪ޽ɵΪôõĸڸתˡ
̫һô֮õĲ󷨵ĵطֻҪĻת֮ת
ֻҪڱĵطóִ󣬶ܳΪת޾Ļ
Ȼʱ
̫оɹתʱ
Ȼ
ܾδϵ̫ʶȻ̫һ˷ܺ͸˵ѶϢиУижޱҪĶˣʶܵġˡˡ
Ҳо𣿹̫Ϊ˻Ԫ޽ɣⷬʾеˣϾⲻ˭Եõġ
Ŭ
оɹˣǶԽĲýð˺ܶ࣬ҪԡҲܲϵ׳ģܲϵں޾С硣
̫˷һ֮ƽ
ȥ֮ǰȥ֮ȥߵĺһ£ֻҪɹˣطܳɹ
̫ĵǰȥߺ󷨣һʱһƬٵĵ򣬵ȴ֪Ǻǡ
̫һѸٵƶһƻ



437 ıĺ
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Ȼڼʮ׵Ĵ£ʼš
ìҲΪʳɱʵƽ
ң徫ǿںŶԾУռ˾ԵϷ磬һʱ䣬һЩ಻ԡ
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һۿͶ̫һ˺ܶ࣬ǿѾȫռˣ֪֮
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ĺһֱĵ̣ĺȻϺС̫ҽߵĸ֣Ϊ׵ĻĹ壬Ȼںб
ĺ壬ʼһ顣
ϳС
ʣĺǷһһ壬Զŵİݴʧܺû䣬䲻֪ԭ򣬵岻Сӡ
ۿ˵ͷĺϺ鷳Ϻǰ¼Ҳ֪ǰǴѹ˵ҲǴϺϺͳĺĹؼ˵Զ壬ߣ
ۿмһЦôǿ󣬵û˾ʧߣҪĳưԺģضƲЩԶĴڣиֺܣˣֺͻӵǣǲκսģҲϣȼסǽ޾κεս
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˵˵Ϻô죿ۿֵ
⣿ǰһʱû취ˡ
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ף󣬸о˼ƿУʴ˰ʱ£ǣһǾܲϺǰշĺˡ
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ԸҵĶ̫һȴǻǲϺϺҲҪҪϺվҪġ
̫һʱҲ벻Ϻ̫ĵ̣Ҫ֪»ֻţ̫ǵİޱȾ޴
ʱЩʱϺۿһ٣ֵϺܻܽģʱ˵塣
ۿţؿóϺǴ˿̿Խġ
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дԣԭö״۷䣬Ҳԧ죬в֪便ǷݻǾ޳棬ޱľݡ
֮һԭ츳֮ͨ
ԭ˵꣬һĬ˵壬ҲҪƺûкôˣշҲҪʵʵǿԸⱳʵһ㣬µòʧ
ˡӢе
ӢУ״棬ƶĺ̫ҽɺڵΪУڵλڰͼɡ
ȻۿͺбҪռĺȹĵֿ̣пޣĺ͹շˡǱҪշģͷ壬嵹ǿԿһ˵
£Ϊû廹ռôĺǿ²򵥰ɵ
ۿȻЩ˵̽̽һ¾ˣǳǸãһǡ
ۿ˵꣬ڴоܶԣҪǣǳãǲˡ
ʱ֮ڵ
ˡ
ۿȥĺ壬˵뷨ȥ壬ӢȥϷɽһ塣
ۿˣȥ˵˵Լľǳ򲻳ǾǺҪˡ
ǣʱ£˳ǣ˺Ѹٵ뿪ˣʼֱϳ
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һһȴûУˡëǡĴڡ
һзڵķһ壬Ͳ֪ˣ


438 ı
ѵۿּĺһ
ĺʱһһʱŭգ˲˽ΰΪĺ֪ġ
һʱ䣬ĺ㡢Ϻա˳򡢱˳˶
ߵСС徹㵨Ϊ峼ǲ֪
ǰ壬ѹ̫šԶţͷһ壬ҪϲǶԿֻǴǰū۰ˣ񾹸㲻֪
Ҫǽѵ
˵ûˣҪɱ廹ǿԵģֲûУֻǲѣЦ徹ҡ
һʱ䡭
λ߲㿪ʼ߷߲ƽˡ
ϺİȴλĪҪˣʱ֮ǰһ㣬Ӻͷ֡ǿ壬ǲҪǸǵűɡ
ֵңλĪҪˣǵۿͶ̫һʵĳƺ֮ǰǺҺףۿҳƺΪʣǾõۿûλǰ𣿡
⻰˵ꡭ
˻

ǰ
߲һ㶣Щʹν
ѵģ
ʲôģ磿˳ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ıۿʵĳƺҪǿѰˣ
ҪģΪѵǲ֪ļƻɣ
ҪĻҪעˣ򲻿ɺ͵ˣǰ屻ӻֻǺеԴΪӣ˱ӻն˺͵Ҳ֪忪ʼû䣬ҲûٶʩԮ֡ҪۿⱻϣǵļƻĻһҪŵߡ
ǰ
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ס죡һǳ⣬ֵĺ˵˵ǵĿǲ֪顣
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ǰԭۿȻʳν

˵ظأǲ֪Ҫĺǵȷ֪
˳ôһ˵֮ƺˡ
ʵǲһεԿʼˣǷƥеĶ֣
棬Ĵ̹ŴѪ̹žѪ壬岻Ԫ񡭡
Լ𣬸ڸ߲˵һ顣
˵꣬ڸ߲ŻȻԭµԿʼˣһǻʳޣ͵ħû뵽ЩСֿʼ֧Ŀʼˡ


439 
ǣԣǣ̫ǳĬˡ
û˱壬֮ǰĺǣԵĺˡ
ʱǱӵģղ˵ɱĻһʱЦ
֣Ǹ
ǰķһ壬Ҳǵ޲T޲TҲʲô
˭Ҵ˿̺ԣǺԡ
Ȼǣ֮㣬ǻеİð졣ֵֹò˵ﶼеӰǰʱ嶼͵Ա滳ɣеİҲõİ۹һֱκ˿Զ
棬Ҫô߲ʵ
ǰ棬ôȻԣǻȥ֧أ
Ҳ岻һǣһῴǵĶǿͿˡ
ҲǲˣҪϢ
һڸ߲㿪ʼ㼺
ȴһ֣˱죬ȻԣǾͺðˡǲӦò룬Ҳ⡣
ֵ֪ҵǵԲУףǡ
ҪԣҲܼѵûֻҪǺϣһеǵǵļ٣󣬺ο
οǵۿûеһʱȰ棬Ǿ˵ۿҲһ㣬ڿǵʵǵʵǿΪǳеʵãǺǣ볼ܣǲһûʵ޴ġסÿһԵ򵥣͵ۿһˡ
ĻȻ
ĺҲ룺棬۹ȷԼ˿Աġ
棬ôҪ𣿡
ǺǡһЦҪеģķʽǿѡ񣬲õۿˣ彫û˵ĵطҪۿͶ̫һǵʵſɡҡ
ֵң˵ԣѡ񣬵岻Ԫ񣬵صʿǲһϵۣȺΨһѡ񡣡
˵ֶ꣬ĺȥ͵ۿ˵ԣҪǵʵɳֺһ֮Ǽʶǵǿ󡣴˺ٳܴﵽǵĿġ
ֵ⣬ʱ䣬ǻة࣬ùةӷӡнѣ˺˶ةĽ飬ةңΪܴ󱻳׷ӡ¸ҲѹةųǻۿԴˣҲҪ
ҹة࣬ǰܴӡ۰ѹةųӻĹϹָ
ĺ壬õ޴İ
ļƻõۿǿõ޴ĻȨӡ
ĺ˵塰һ
ʶ
֪ĺѸٵ뿪ˡ
˻ص󣬰ʹ߰˹
죡
һֱڵϢİУĺڣˣˡ
Ȼ
Ҫ֪ذȻ˵ûˣҪǳǲܵġ
Ŷһ㶣ѵܣѵҪһ
ĺкθ߼Ҫ֪ǲӦҪˣǣǺԤϰ
ǡǳǾóʵ˵λǰǲ⣬ϣʶһʵ
˻
⣿ˣĹȻ̫ڵĴȻλ޸֣
ô죿ѵҪһ
ʣǰ˼𣿡ʵ
Ҫǳһ˵Īǲӡ
ǺǣҲ֪ʣȻʵĺ壬λĵѣӦ׵ĸǣ
Ȼ֪Ķ࣬ΰ֪ῴСС壬ߣҲ֪εΰɣˣĪҪϻҸղŵĻȥʱ˵ɣλ
ò˵һƵԴǣѰŪˡ
ʲôʲôΰ治֪
úܲ򵥣Ȼֻܴɻ󷵻ˡ
һߡ
ڰ󷵻ص;УԨ۴ȵľ޴ŬѹӡĹةڱ˳
Ϊˣ˱ˣةΪզΣǻ嶼⣬һܴ
ųĹة֪࣬ķԸ󣬿ʼ˼̣βĴˣĴ


440 仯ǻ
Ϸɽķ塣
õķ裬ڼɵĵˡ
Ϊ˿̵峤ڴǰйںģϺֵ֧ȣ
ˣ޾¹ȥˣʱķǴڵΪﵽ˴޺ڵĲΡ
νϣǰĲȣԸѣʹ޽
ֱһϵеĴ֮󣬲ˡ
֮ǰƣһˣ˵ǡȺ
ȺĴڣ˼޷Ϊ˽㡣
⽫ڡ
ȻǷ塱ǼʵǸӿ̿࣬ǰͷû䣬Ǻܡ
ټϷ廹ȹѵĸ߲ڣ˵ʵǲģֻǻûһĸֶѡ
̫Էĸı䣬ҲǷĴڶԷĸı䡣
죡
߲㣬Ҳ˵Ϊ
һһ߲ʱŭˣЦ徹Ƿ峼ֱˡһʱ亰ɱϡ
Ψ侲۹⼸һ£Ҹݺļ䣬Զ
ԭ켣еķ壬ǲ壬ûϼĿ೵ºĲԽԽ
һη費ˣ壬Ѻü
ʶһȣֹ˵Ĳ˺һµĻԷ߲˵һ顣
˵߲꣬Ҳ߲ǰ㣬˲Ȼ
һΣǶǾеָĽӰˣ峤ǻۣǸŮӡ
ԣʱǱģǷܷܼͿôˣϣҼסԸʶ䣬ΪǷһʱˣһΪ˷𡣡
˶ʱѪڡ
һΪ𣡡
һΪ𣡡
һС
ķ壬ƶ˼ֺһļƻҲԼ˵˼ĴһĻ
𾪵ļɣͰһǵĻȥˡ
ߺ󡭡
峤֪ѡ񣿡峤ϵǵʵ
󣬳˼һᣬǻۺܸߣҲһľһ壬ϋҲһľ˵ⲻһԵḶ́һḶ́Ǿܵġ
ֵԱȣǣȱٵһĸ֣иƻ
һ㶡
峤˵
ϸ˵Ա壬Ҫ˺ܶ࣬Ǹ״˴ǰľб峤ǰĹ¡ԣܳ壬׳һʱǼ󣬿԰ĸ״ȳһǾкƽˡ
˵ꡣ

ڷ߲㾪ϲˣȻҪһ·彫ƽ壬Խ
峤֧ƻֻҪܽʼ棬Ը⸶κεĴۡ
ǰ峤ֻҪʼܱȣԸκ¡
峤
һʱˣû뵽Ϣϡ
ˣЦҪƻʵԺ󣬶ҲˣֻҪˣ´ǰ״صˡǰƣȺķ徫ӢҲ»ع壬һǷָտɴˡ
峹׵ľϲˡ
Ĭ꣬ǰװ˷ʱģЩ˺ܶƻ
ϲķ߲˷ܵһ׷ָտɴˣ彫᳹׵ı󡣡
ǰ彫𡣡

˵˷ܣȴ÷ʱǳ죡
һһǵ峤ôȻˡ
޴޴еɸֵ˵ʱˣȻĿϣǵĿ⡣ߣǽĵԶֻ壬壬壬кܶǲĽɣֻĿڹȥ˵ʲôã
赣˼ת䲻ףҪǷˣǽĵ˶ĺܡ
壬塢롢壬ʲô壬̡ؽ̡̣壬ǽĵˡ
ʱ⣬ʱڱ仯Լ۹ȴûб仯ơ
룺ҲҪı˵۹ͼʶˣֻƺΪˡ
˵ĵˡ˵壬ΪǼҪ򵥣һ𣿾˵ǿ壡ϋϺĴǵӵϿͣϺ͵ǾÿѵľãϋֵһϺ壬ġ桯壿
⻰еģ˵ڸ߲޴ˡ
߲ȴûвģΪϸһ룬峤˵ĺܶԣȷԼĵ۹ǳˡ
Ỵ̄ܽ
ȴˣ峤ͷ
Һá
Ƕϴˣһ㣬˵ˣ˼ĪҪת䲻岻򵥣򵥣Ҳ򵥣ǵľһѱ䣬ʵĿȴϺǻۣǿԱġ
󣬷ֵˣȲġסɡ
ǣ峤



441 
Ӣͬѵۿּ⴫塣
ӢжʮֵʧӪûĿԣ޶ٸִڡ
Ӣеһ룬Сֵշ𣿿»
£ӢжʱûȤ廮˲ֵȺ֮ڡ
ӣѸٵϵϺϋ֡
ϋֵ֪һʱûϵĿȻ֪ˣ
Ѷ࣬Ѹٵϵè峤ͿӣŮһ̨Ϸǻۺè峤ǻۣʱϋƶ˼ƻ
ɺϵǣè峤뷨һҲĻᡣ
ãĪҪֻ鷳ҲҪļңò뾡ֻҪʱ壬Ǿˣ˺ϳǨϺϺ̵ıݣǾͿɸǵˡ
è峤һϯʱϋּˡ
ζ壬ϳǨƵϺ˺Ϻ
Ǵǰϳ˱޴ϺⲿˣҪϣҲᱳһǵнѺܶࡣ
ԣһ壬һµϺ˵Уϋֺܡ
è峤ĻܴҪǰè峤˵ģϲԿʼˡ
ʴˡ
ллλָ㣬ȥϳеˣסʹӢУ˺һЩۿӣڱӵǰ£ʱ壬Դ˼ˡ
ţȥϵɡȥ컯ԼʦͬǨϺҲϋһѡ
жϋֵллλ㡣
è峤Ǻǣ޷ǽҲȥϺĸԼɢ޽һ£Ƿ֮ǰĳޡǿҪһЩ
è峤Ϻɢ޶Ǵǰĳӡ
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鷳ˣڴŵֻҪϺǽҹǰΪĲϋֱضΪϋֶè峤֣ص
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ңϋֿɲǿϺģǡѡʱ򣬾ʹ㹻ǰĻۡ
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ӵϋֵĻźƺһЩӢС
Ӣϵ
ӢбͲΪ⣬Ǻǣǻб뷨ɣ
ȷ峤ȴΪ⣬ƺӢеһ˵ʵ˵ص֮ԲΪǵˣ˵ĸ߲㲢ڴ˵أϺֵڵء
ʲôӢжʱˡ
Ĳ˵һϺǵĴӪôһ仰ͽӢˡ
𺳵תˣǰǿ壬𣿾̫ߴϣ壬
ʡȥͷǰ㣬ҪһΪ
һϺһΪһϺͲòӡ
㱺ӢУæ֣ܿ˵˵һһһʱµġ
Ǻǣ峤Ҳû˵⣬Ȼ͵˵Ϻ߲ã飬Ҫ߲飬λҪ棬岻κεľ
ǿ϶ģһȥʱ¡Ӣиæʣֻô̶أ
峤ϵϺ߲˵ǧǻϻش˵أʱʱ顣
СӢиæͷ˺󲻸ԥæ˵͸ϻ壬ǰȥʱ£꣬ضǰߵʱµľѾÿУ
峤ϵͷƣ
˺󡭡
Ӣмæĸϻˡ
Ϻϋ֣ȴè峤ͿЭ£ʼΪĺϲʼ·ˡ
̫Ǳ߲а̫Ӧģ˽̫̫ΪԸ񣬼ֻҪԼʦһܰɡ
Ҷ˵£̫ʦ˵ǿп޵ľѣβ̫
Ƚģɢ޶ĵӡ
è峤ͿĲ󣬴ͬˣϺȨƵŮˣ˭Ҫӡ
̶̵һʱڣϺɢ޴ӦҹˣȻϋҲ˵ۣͻر˵пޡ
㡭
һʱƾۻᣬ̫ԭ򣬶иı䡣
ıĴһˡ



442 ޱ
塣
ڵۿǰģ⡣
ͷһҪһ岻ҪϺĴں󣬻һ
߲ܳĬԡ
ۿĪһ䣺ǵõʧȥģƽ𣿡
仰ʵĪ
֮ǰһѾʲô˼ˡ
޷֮ǰ뵽ˣΪͷ壬Ҫһԭ
һۺˣг뷨µòӣԼԼСˣչʾһʵԼ˿
Ϊη½Ҳ⣬޷Ȳѵԭ
ԭǱ̫ϣ壬֮󣬼
ˣѡ񳼷ˡ
һˣϺڵԵʣһչʾҲԼӡ
㣬ûжһ١
ôһ㣬ǻõۿе㵣ˣչֵʵҲˡ
Һã塰桱ĳǳ뱣֤һ㣬㲻һģҲԼ֡Ҫ
ʶۿʣõʧȥƽ
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ۿæ˵ܣһ΢ǣȥޱ˵¹شϣޱһҪǰ
̫һһѸٵ뿪ˡ
Ȧŵۿ
𣿡ۿǰûǽͣʵǿǰʮޱ۾ҲԼˣ붫Լޱ۾ˡ
ۿޱҲ߲㣬˵
֮ǰصĹϵû˵𣿼Ȼǳ⣬ǱҲ㱣ˡ
ڴȻԭˡ
Ӧף붫̫ǣȻǿҲǵĵ̣ޱ۵ѣǿյ֡
һͺڴˣԭôһλ֡
˺󡭡
ۿˣޱĵ
ǿգ
ޱ˶̫һĽûԥȻԣǾݲ÷ڣޱǿѸٵĸ涫̫һ˺ġ
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ޱͶ̫һҴҵǿն
ޱ۾һμ߲㣬߲ͬһμޱ
ۿڴޱѣͱ붫ͬȴڣΪޱ۾ǳƵ۾Ϳɣޱƿǿգǿպǳ֮Ҫԣ
Ȱݼޱ۾
ڴҲ𾴣ǳ̫֮Ҫˣƿǿպǳ֮ޱ۾ڵۿͶ̫һ
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ڴ߲㣬ޱĵһμǽˡ
Ǵʱ֪ģԶŵܡ
˺󣬳̫ҲεĴʮ֮⣬ʣĲʸ񣬲һЩܵģȫ뿪ˡ
µĴĿǰ
ޱԼ֪ܣʼѡĶ˵һ
ңޱ𺳵ķ֣棬޲TħȴڣȻһ˿¶Ҫ˵ʱһɻЩȡ
䲻ԭ򣬵ˡʶ͸¶Ҳ٣ֻǹܶѣѡԵ˵ˡ
ǣ
ޱ͵ۿ˵ʴԶ¶󣬰ѰۿͶڵ߲㣬Ŀɿڴ


443 ΰĵ
ޱѵȥһΪãۿ𺳺ʵ
ޱǰУǿ̫ԶŵˣһֱǷһһֵֿ壬Ա۾ãҪ塭
ֵңҪռĺĺĹԴҪõеĶּʧΨ֮һ棬ûۺǵһĿꡣ
šۿ˵ͷҲãҪĿꡣ
ۿʵҲ򵥰ϺЩ塣ţǵ˵ġⷴѡ塣
𣿡ޱȷҲ¹Ϻ
˵ˣۿȻʲôʵˣޱѣ֪Ϻεȴڣ
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ޱһЦ˵ҿˡǵģЩܲ͸¶λ£˵ƶΣգȲѰ
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۾ɷ˵˵ǰǺˣ̲סˣ֪ŽϢż
Ǻǡ
ޱЦ˵̫ʦΪ̫Ҳ̫ʣ̫ʡȵνǣʦΰ󡣡

˻
ڴۿͶ̫һˣһνȻ˴ǰΰǰǺˣ
˵˵ûΣհɣ̫һżʡ
ޱʦϢ޷˵˵
ͺãͺá
۾˵һ¡

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ãҼ˵һ¡ޱ˵̫˴ӿٵ𣬾˺޿ĵһˣ޾û˺ĵλܻĹš̫šԶţкεĴڣһ˵ĵλ޿ɺ
һȻе޷ݵ𾪡
ѹĹš̫šԶʱڵĵط޿ĵһˡ׺ܴ󣬶ȺΣ֮ʣûе𣬾ͲǴʱĺġƶĹأĶҪѭǿ˿ϲԣˣʲôԣӵܵıӻ˵壬֮дǰ벻ֺ֧ͱӻģֻǺݴԴ壬ûеӻҲɣû䣬ֱû㡭
ޱһ󺨳ĽƺҲǸ¡
˺ܾã˵ã˵˲ſʼ̾
û뵽ȴڡ
ˣλΰֻ˵Сһ֣ΰ󣬲ǿ۵ģǲһεģ֪ͺãĪʧ˵ġޱĵѵ
ǰȸܴˣۿ̫ҡޱд˳ɾͣ벻֧֣ҡ
ֻۿ˷ܵҵǴ֧֣ǵˣе֧֣Ǳض˼ʧ
ڴһ뻹ǣʱ˷ˡ
ּ⣬ǰӣ
󡭡
ۿŵˣǼƻշɣȻǵһĿ꣬Ǿˡ
ֵȻޱѸ˵˺ܶܣҲҪǰʧܵԭʧˣǲʧܡ⣬ҲĪҪЩסˣĻ֣ܺԵģʼһֵ壬ԣǵĵһʼ塣
ۿ֪ܶˣ־һ¡
ǣʱּ⣡
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ˣշʼˡ
Ϣ˲Ķˣ¸ոת̫һ㶡
ɽ
ۿͶ̫һȻ򵥣岻֪̫˼
У֣Ҫȥһ⣬Ƕ̬ȡ



444 壡
Ҫ׼ʱ䣬ϸϺʱ䣬ȻȲ̫˲͵ٶȡ
ԨһâںĴһӰˡ
һĻһڸ߲ŵЩȡ
ǵǿߺ˵ʱȼǼǺ¡
壬μ̫𣡡
ʮĸ֣һ̫һݡ
䲻֪̫ΪζȴʮֵĽţʲôĲԵġ
û˱ЩϵĴڣ̫ΰͿ£̫ѹĵʱڣǾõļ֤ߡ
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̫һңǱ޴һ˿ѪɷѪɫߣԼѹǵ
ǣĵ϶ȣҪǱ֪Եˣȵа֮ͽɱˡ̫ļһ
֪Ҳҷֻ֪
ˣҲȫǣԲؾ·ҲʿҪĿ飬˵ܲҲ㲻ˡ̫˵
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̫ҲûᣬʵӦ֪Ϊζɣ
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ʶŵΪ鷳ʱ˺ܶࡣ
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СĵĶ̫˵һ飬һ˿ıûС
˵˵ԣֻΪ˺ôҲ鷳
磺Ƶȵȡ
֮һ㶼ûЩҪõۿ̫֪ˣܻĺѪƴ壿
ǣ
̫ȴĵ˵ͷûԼϣ˫֡
˵ƣ˵һƵģ໥ġ
ֻҪǲƾͺã̫ˡ
ʶ̫˵ܺãԣûǵ顣
Ȳң֪ǵۿ̳˵ʵĹνǾˣǳʼǵڶۿǣǼķܶѡ໥õ֣ҪǵĺԼǵˣҲҪǿ塭
˫໥ã໥õôļƻ
໥ģⲻܡļƻʵҲǵۿ뷨
֪ˣʱɿ̫ȴҲˣֻҪļƻɹͱԴıֲ㣬롢ǣᱻųġʱʱǻҪܵΪǵΪ
⡪
⣬𣿡һ߲㼤ʣ
һڸ߲ˣʲô
Ȼ˵ֻҪļƻɹͻᱻųǲǱȺҲʧ
ǲţ󵨵ʳˣ𣿡
Ȼʱ˵ٻ̫ʵļ
ңϲǿ˵һ䣬ͷŭģԼϻҪ֤
ⲻѿڶ߲㣬ԼˣСһʱ伤С
ˣû㡣
ǣǣл
峤վ󣬱۹⿴Ļ
һֱõζͣǲϧ޴õʧһδβҵСΪÿػһδθô¾֮
һϿҵı̬ģҲһʱĸԣ̫⡣
ʼǺģʼ޾飬ȻҪԼĻ̫Уǲġ
ˣȻˣȥ˺ˣɡ̫˻֣뿪ˡ
ǣ
ˣѹںκ˶ɽĵطȻ˵ȥ
һ˺ĵһ˵ΰ
ʧ̫һ̾ʼԶ޷߷壬Ҳ֪ôȥǺҲ֪ôˣ
˵꣬һ۸ղ˵ĸ߲㣬˵ӣ֪ǼģҺõû⣬涨ɱ㡣ߣ
ǣС֪Сˡǳһ亹
̫
ûʲô赲˿Ϊ
ʩչ֮ѸٵĽѹģǺ۵ظĤС
һǸĤǲһ̫˲ʹˡ
󡭡
¡¡
ȥһƬͷķںˮӿ׳ҡء
˭
ʱһȻʵ


445 ټ
һ޴ľצХ̫ͣǰʱǾ޴Ľסˡ
ôܳԾ̫ʵ
һĲΣ̫е㾪棬û뵽ںϣԴǴڵûˣﵽ˻ԪɺڵĲΡ
̫룬ԴںϣõĺôһĴ󰡡
ʱҲͻԪɳڵĲΣû뵽̶̲һٵʱ䣬ѾԪɰ˲ˡ
ôܣôˣһ̾ǻ̫̫ˣ̫ΪΣ
㡣̫Եúƽ
⡭Сܳе϶򱳸ʱѹ۶ȡ

̽һ̫Ϊʱ־ˣԼǻԪɰ˲ľ磬̫ǰƺоԼһ㡣
ֺ̫嫺޷ݵĵϣŵʵʵѾ˻Ԫ޽ɵĲΣ
ף̫һ㶣Ц㵹۹ⲻ
ȻһȻˡ
˵ʵ̫롢͵ģ֪ΪΪ֮Դںϡ
˲ǲĵزƴ˿̺Ǳ޾ҪǱ֮á
˵ˣʥ˶ǿԲҷ˻Ԫ˲㣬ʵҪǵõһʥնȥʬʥ
ʥҲָߵͣķʬնʬһʥ
ʥˣͽˣҲնȥʬѡ
Ů洺׼Ҳնȥһʬѡ
򵽺ڣѾʬնĲˣҪõֻȺʥ˸ǿ
ܸŲķǾʬնĴԲ
˵ҪȺʥǿǰҲкųɣûУֻи򵽼ޣ̫ƿطС
ԲҪԲƿأѺˡ
˵
õ̫Ŀ϶һ𾪣˺ص֤Ԫ޽ɡ
Ǻǡ̫һЦҲлԪɰ˲ľˣջС
ˣֻںϺİ˲ѣ˴ңĴСܵˣڻصص𲻽Ԫ֮򵥣֮Ҳ˻Ԫ޵ĲΡ
ԴںϺ󣬺ܶഫк֪ˣ֮ǰԸߵĲһ֪Ÿ̫̾ǿ

̫Цˣ˵ѹѹĺô۽ÿ˲٣֪Ҳˡ
ǰһ̾Ϊ֪Ķ࣬Բ㯵ķ֣ԼһֱСͬʱΪ֪Ķ࣬ŵ֪ΰһֱǺ棡
ţ˵ĻҲѧ˲٣ѹѹˡ̫
С˵ĶĻε
̫ЦҡҡͷҲû˵ģƲǺ۵ģǿˡ
ֲ㾳绹ôܣķ֣ǻԪ޽ɲεΰ
֮ήҺ͵ϲȣؾԭ򣬶ΰûŪԭ
ҪĻ
⺣ĵΰˡ
ͦܵİɣ̫۲ʵ
ƺǷϻΪѾʼľ޴֮άˡ
̫ͥģź۲ĺۣɲС
ⲻǱԴѾʼˣҧɷȥĵط˵Сֲ˶á
Ϊ˲ʧΪ̫Ը̫ģܵĺܡ
ÿһʱıÿζҪһδƴѹֻĺƽʱ򣬲֮ԴϢʱ
˵ʵܲκ̫棬ҪҲҲš
ˣ̫֪ʵʣͦܰɣ
ˣҧ˵ȥĵطҪˡ
̫һҧֵȥһߣٿ
⣿һǣѸٵ뿪ˣ˵£
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۷ˣһԵɵˣ̫Ҫʲô
򣡡
̫һȣֻȻĺۣʱһΰǴһסˣǺôôΰƿء
⣡
̫һȣˡһֻ۱ӡ˽ӽԭ˴ǰûƻǰľ档
⡭һȦ
̫ΪԼɺܶܶࡣ



446 ⣿
ѹۺ̫һ򣬷ֻԪھܼѹ
Լѹ۵ΣҪԪ޽ڵʵ
롢ǣ֮رѹɱ¾ࡣ
ΪһƽĺۣһƽĲɽһƽԲŻء
ȻʱΪǷӶԴںϡ
ô˵ٵ۵ƽ⣬һٵǾȡ
̫֮һƽһ£ΰٱһ£ľͻһ㣬ûתкô
ڶԭҲǿ
ڶԭеģ
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ˣ̫ûԪ޽ַƿغΰĻᶼûУ
μˣ̫ʵһ¡
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⡭
Ǳ롢ٵͺıԴ޷ֲõĻһȥѵĵͱԴҪĻָˡ
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һԼ֣̫֣Լ֪ԭ
ħŰ䱻ӡţҵȴǰƻ˲ɽƽ⣬ħķӡҲɶ˲٣ħһʱһҵȷҪֲסˣǲԴֲ֮ˡ
̫ͣ͵һȣȱ𼱣˵˵ô£ôһ߿ࣿʲôԭ򣿡
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ÿһʱ䶼Ҫƿ̹ķӡ
֮ǰΪƻƽ⣬²ɽĵħķӡС˺ܶ࣬ħϣˣʶÿһʱ䶼
ħһɽᱩصʼÿζҪƴȫĵֿѹԿȥǱҪǲˡ



447 ֮飡
ľ̫Ȼ
ⲻɽܾģĻɽǿ󣬾֮ػߺֵǾ޵
Ǿ޵ϣҲɽĻɽƽĶࡣ
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ԭħҡ
ǰ
̫ЦˣԴںӦ֪ҲˣȻ޴
а취˭ʵ಻ԣħǻԪ޽ɵĲΣӡԵʣҷΪѵֿסıңԶĶ֣ҲֱԿֻ֮
ߣ̫һߡ
飬Ϊk֮ǰƵkkֱǾͺã
ʼ˼䣬ּµһ˿ϣףҲһ˿ϣ˵ȷ޴
̫û˵ˡ
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ȥħ̫ȥ
Ϊ顣
ԲĨɱκδڡ
ħĴڣԵkıԴ𺦣Ȼ̵ĸݹѡж
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һͺʼ˻Ȼ
ԭô
ħǲɽǡ
䱾ǲɽֲǿǿĳ
ԪǵУ
Ȼȸֱضԭ
ԭҵˣԭǲɽǣܽˡ
ԵλᵮǣĺҲ㣿ǻΣգʣ
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һʼҲ˵ˣȫƾ̫
̫˺ܾá
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̫뵽һȫİ취
ˣ԰ħǺͲɽ룬ħϡ棬ɱ˿ϧڴǰ֮ؼǾ޵Ǿ޵Ҳһ޴Ļɽħǻɽϣ˺½ƣΪһĴ֣ҲΪǾ޵
̫뵽
Ǿ޵̫㲼ûתһԴ
޵֮һ½
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ɽǿ
ǱΰħǣлԪ޽ɵʵ
ⲻһɽԱġ
ģͲɽǿĻɽûеģɽһ޶


448 ᡢѹ
뵽İ취̫֮ʼ˵뵽취ˣˡ
˵꣬У̫˲ʧڴ˵أԨҵײȥ
һطӡĴ֮
Ȼ
䣡һħƺԤеΣգ̫սӡĿռͿʼˡ
κΣҵĹӵ̫˵һöûС
̫ˣЦҲֵɣ㾹͵Ϯɰ
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һ̫´սòɽ󱬷ʶʹûӷӡס
ССԪ޳ڣͶȡɵʵҲ͵ϮССħ治֪
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̫֡
һ޴ƣħҶɵľ˻ȥ
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Ҿ˶ʱɢˡ
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ˣѹһ̫ʼʵѹħ
һҽС
ħ벻һƣͽԼ۵ɢ
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ΪɽǿԵʡ
˾ȻԼ壬ɱԼк
ģ𲻻ίģһ޵Ҳһ޴ĻɽĻɽںϣ˵ʵ½㱻ӡţɶûУ룿̫˵
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Ӷһ𵴣Ҫǻӷѹһܻ˲ɽ
ħҡ
ղſҽ
̫һɫĹâɨ󣬶ʱɢ
ǺߵĹûмС١
ˡһ
ħһβҽк̫Ҳˣֱͬħ־ˡ
֣ԼǺͱԴȻ˵ͨʼͬˡ
ȥԼþͻʧȥҵǡ

һֵĲҽУԨҿռһ
ʼ˺ľսĶһۡ
𾿾ǿôԪ޽ɵħֻаķݣ
ΪҲ֪ãȻ
ȴ˵ħ
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һɲ
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̫Ҵǻ˲ɽħҡ
£̫ǿħͱ˱岻ɽ
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ħһ
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ҴӦ㣬ҴӦ㣡
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֪˺αصͶˣ
㡭ħΪԼˡ
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ֻ̫һһɫĽƣ˲ħ֮ڡ

ҽвϡ
ǽƽӴħǺ󣬾Ȼƹ֮һʼռںħıԴǡ
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ֻǻɫĽƣѾħıԴںˡ
ĳͰһеȻ׵İħıԴǡ
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ǽƺħԴǳںϺ̫ſ˶ħĽ
㣡ħȻſʱ̫
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㣬ңҴˣҴˣ
ħˣ걾Դı̢һδεĿıԴ֮ǡ
̫ã˵ƿһ
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ǣ
Լܣ̫
̫һ֡
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˺ħԴ֮ʱήҲ
̫һ䣬ѹ˻֮ڡ
̫ˣҲ˿


449 ƽ⣡
ƽҿռ䣬̫뿪˴˵ء
Ⱥķʼˣ̫˼æǰѯʣħ
ѱѹˣͲɽϵɽʧ
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̫˰ִǵĸлȴ鷳С˺ܶ࣬ŮĺܲҪ˶ã
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⣿ʼһ㶡
ģȴ˷ˡ
ǹǣߵˡ
κλܳȥܳȥҲܲ
Űɣˡ̫ûлشĻʧ˲ɽ
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ʱܺ͵ңڣطӡ֮أҲ̾
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Դ̫˺󣬾ͺϢϡ
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Ԩ붨ġ
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Ҫģ껹š
Ҳ̹Ŵϣϣ꣨սɣģһһپ١ȫ塭Υ̹֮Ŵ֮
˫ɺڳ׵ĶԱ˴˷ˡ
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˵һЩܣȸӾϲˡ
ףʵҵȸȫĵĺǺҲΪ̫ǰĹϵ̫ǰĿأǲŸͶС
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ͬҲΪ̫ԭ
⡣
Լ벻һı仯꿴á
ǽ壬еĵ۽ǿ̫ˡ
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ȣ̶һƻļƻ׳ļƻ
׳һܵǡ
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ʥޣѵڱħߺˮ˲ɣʱʥʥ˵ΰɱ̫׾ٵģô̫һûУô̵ʱ֤Ԫ޽ˣ

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454 ʱյ
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⣬ҲתһЩ˷ܣԪᣬ˵һٵĴ½

̫뵽תƶ飬в˵ص顣ҪһЩأ˳Щάһ¡ǰάƽ飬Ĺעͻӣйãⲻܱ˱ˡ
ֵ̫˭أ̫޴ܳ˵أϺ鶼ɢޣȫĴڣ¿ڱ϶Ҳá
ţ
ˡ
̫ȥǰάִ˵˳˵أȥǻɽ˳ɽѹңƹգɶأΪʱյשߣܱߺ򡣡
̫һ룬ʡ
ƺʹһƹգһƹܴأһƹܺ
뵽ˣ̫㾡ԼܳڴˣǾΪ˵ƶĺá

ʱת
̫ʼ˾УȻǰ
ףȻˣûƭɣ̫ɵ۵ʼ˵
𣬵ʼˣ
лԵ壬ҪһЩ֣֪ʼԸ⣿
ֱ̫Ӵʼ˵ɻԼֱָ⡣
Ը𡣡
ʼ˲ɵȻֻ֪̫о޴ĺôһԥûС
̫˵һļƻ
ʼףǰͬصԭˣȻǵġ
ֻҪʱյɹˣͿɸģһָԴҲָҲĽ̫׳˾޴ջ
ջ
Ȼ
ʼ˼ˣ֣Ĳɼĸж
Եȣȥкĸֶʼ˼˵
ãھͿɣǵԲ֣мǣȥɡ̫
Բĸ֣ʱ̱չظ
ܾȥάʱյҲòĸ֣̫ôá
ǣ
ʼҲҷԣæȥкˡ
һؾ費ĸôżʲôֱӴӱչгء
ǵôǰĸ˵չغܾõġ
ôôʱͳˡ
Ҫλڵˣ
һᡭ
ʮλڵķˣʼ˺е
ʼʶе˵ıҲ⣬Ѹѡˣ˺Ƽһ
ѡ߲У˱ʼһˣķ趼ã
һߡ
սսλڵķԱŲҲ¡
û뵽ʼԼ˴һؾС
Ȼ˵ǰλ̫
ɵˣͨºˡ
κΣǸʴȵĵһվԸš
Ϊ˭ڵǰվ˵
˾ãԼûǸ˵أ
ʲôֵϣʲôֵȣȥһ߰ɡ
ϺȣҪ˭ǰչʾڵǰбҪϺ
ⲻ
ţ˿Уɡ
˼ǵãΰĵ˵ôһ仰
˺ˣΰĵ
˺ˣ֪ΰĵȥˡ



456 ü
ϋ峤²ϡ
壬ǨƵϺ
ʽϲˣҲһɢ塣
ԵʣǼ֮ǰһڰϋּƻĽС
ǣԼĸ뻹ѹź͵ܵīѾϋһꡣ
ҪǶжá
Ϊ̾ϢڲǺܺè峤ʵ
ûСϋһ˵ֻ˴ǰ˶ѣˣҪǻڸöã
ǺǣĪҪ룬ľпġҪп鲻ٷҪԼŬУֻʵǿˣܱҪġ˵
è峤һ̾˵㻹˵ģΪ֮һèǺǡʱʱ̴ΣУΪʤҪǵʴȣèǨϺ˵ʱһĹèˣ㿴Ĵʱè壬һѹȣСԭ
è峤л
ϋ뿪ʼܲǿĸ׺˱ӻè峤ǵ۵ˡ
˵ĸл鲻̫и޵еʦ
֡û
ΪļΣգǱ޲Tŵãħ°ȥ
һ̾ʱ̫ˡ
һ̫һ㶣λΪĺѣλ
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μʦ𣩡ͬǲԣϋֺè峤𺳡
ϋּ̫Ĵࡣ
è峤ȴǴ̫𣬾ͼ̫Ρ
ֻǺԽԽˡ
̫ҲϻֱӶϋֵϋ֣мҪ壬Ҫλڵˣóط壬ת֮Ҫ塢壬塭
кôҶԺúֲܴıԴǰϋ־ϲˡ
û뵽֮ǰͬأǵġ
ܵĻֺ͹ע
ֺºȻͷϣϋ˷ˡ
æȥλԼŵùҷ̫ƻȥˡ

ʦҪ̫ң𣿡û뵽ʦŪ˿̣ʣ費Ҫ̫һ¡
Ҫ̫Ͼ޲ͬңûʺϡ

ҪèģèԸ⸰𡣡è峤
ţʱҪ
ǣ𡣡
è峤൱ԡ
̫עģġ
ΪˣèŵϺĺܺá
һᡭ
һľ顣
սս˱̫ˡ
һ±Ƶ󣬿ͬ±Ƶķˡ
ѡ棬ȴκεжΪ໥Ի̸
Ƿ֣Ҳ֪ôµʱְ̫Ū˽
ˣһκεľٶ
̫ķԸһĶ
͵ۿʹ岻һԵۿǷܣ̫ȫȫ
̫˾ˣʱյ
һһǵڷִ鲻
ʱյĻɽħʮˣĿǰʱյϵ顣
̫ԾһԸ󣬾˵Ǻ£
ԣ¿ɵ¹ش󣬶ҲкôܼҪúƿʱյƲһԪᣬ˵ͻһ㣬˺󲻳Ԫ鵮𻹻һЩ˷ܡ
ֵ̫ҲǸֻҪ⣬ĺ֮о޵ΪƹܣҲǨǰܣԶģ׬ȡ£ΪŨܶô˵Ҳ֪
һĹطģ̫Уضҵҵ
̫˵
ľ޵˺󻹻᲼úܶࡣ
ôĵ̣ƿء
󶼿뿪Ƿ֮أʵˡ
˵й¿á
ţɣ̫˵
̫ڴ˶һʱ䣬ǣ
δϵüȻϵϺңȴ̫ع顣
̫һʱ䲻֪üԼ£ƺ򵥡
ˣ̫Ըˣֿ˿ħһ̫֮뿪ˡ
ңϣ
ü컯ڽ̸컯ߴң컯顣
üѣ㿴ǾƶͽŮ洣ĩβħǰʮĴڣҶ컯츳
컯üͽҲǸմ컯ԪûõŮ洡
Ů洷Լĸ绹ڽܿĥѣûг˺Լң컯ɵ
컯ң飬֪Ů洣ǵյĵӡ
Ȼ˸İĴ޸֣êݵ˺Ի
ΪְǴһ£ŮǺˡ
Ů洣ĸˡ
ǴޱߵĽడ
Լδ󺺣ƺǸߵףǴ޺ڻԲŮ̽鲻ġ
λδ󺺣ɽĿŮһ룺ѲɣʦĵطҲаеĻ


457 ͵
λѣǺˣ
Ǫݺˡ
ң쿴أ컯ڤء
δ󺺣ΪԼ̽鲻Ů洺ơ
ôң洦ܼԼ֮ǰòڵĸ֣
ݺѯŮһţ룺ʦʦ˴˵֮ΪߣԼô
Ů洷ʵǺˣ
⻰ꣿ
ݺоԼְ
Ȼ˲֪ԼΪңһ
˶Ů洸ˣ֪ԼΪģΡ
ܵŮ洵ΪҲ죬˻شҶңİʴǰʡ
⻰˵꣬Ů洶ʱеˣԼˡ
˼æԭλˣǲ˼Ů洣Ϊ컯ʦյĵӣһңˡ֪λĿ

Ů˵꣬ݺ춼ˣ컯յĵӣ
ɣ
컯͵ĬĺܣȻ˵ӡ

ݺһʱת
ʱ
һȻŮֻоһˣȻϿա
˽ңҲ֪
ңûҺҵķڿУң˲ƺͨٸĿŵķڿС
μ𡣡ݵ
Ǹϻ̫ȻһĻ
Ůȴԣо˺Ϥ˵ϤҴôأ޷ݵأ
ֻһƺŮ派ӦǸҲμǰǰ
ף
̫˲ˣȻŮ洣ʥˡ
Ǻǣǰ̫һЦ
Ů洶ԼĳƺȤŮ洲֪ʦ컯Լķ
̫˵ʵҲԽʦ
˵̫꣬ʧˡ
ֻŮãȻ
ʲô˼ʦŮԻˡ
һᡭ
ԭŮ洵ѣϲŮ洵ѣ£ϲɺءݡ칧ص
ܰʦ£Ůͬеңллλλ佱ˡŮ活ص
ǺǣȻˣͲŮ洵ˣҶ˸ˡ˵
˵꣡
ȵȣ
Ů洺Ȼסˡ
Ů洵ѻ£ʡ
Ů洲˼һЦʵհʦ£֪ңĹءҲ֪ûǰҪŮ洰ݷáλɷ˵һ£ŮҪݷõǰ
ţһ㶣ɻĿ졣
ҲЦҡͷʾ
Ů洵ѣλױȣ㲻ҪݷκˡֻǵµĵӣҲͬţ԰ݷһ¡ˣŮһ㶼֪
ŮʣΪͬţиղλǰ˵ҿԳƺʦλɷŮ˵һ£Ҹоǰ·ǰϤȴ˵Ϥģ
⻰˵ꡣ
ݺ쳹ˣŮ洱ԼԤƵĻҪ
˵һ㶼
û͵˵𣿡Ϊٴο϶ʵ
ûУ֮ǰʦң˺ʦͽ˻ԪĥŮ洵һγʦ˵пˣԼתһ¾Ϳɡ
Ů渵һͺ󡭡
ݲŵʲôûԵ˵ͼ򵥵˵һ°ɣղ·ġ𡯣Ǻ͵ͬԴһĴڣ˵ǵķʲôǷҲ֮ǵǵ˵˵ԳƺΪʦ
Ůһ󾪻ʧС
ݰ컯͵ĹϵŮ˵һ顣
Ů֪ʦλķ
𣬾ԼǼĴʼˣ̫
֮ǰԼɣ컯ʦʲôϵôôҪĵ컯ʦ
ԭ˱һˣԼʦǵķ
˵ʦȻʦǶĴڡ
ȻҲʦʦǵʲôŮ洺
ε֣ʦǴΡ
ʦôǿﾹȻǷ
ô𾿾жǿֱԼ֪
͵ͬԴͬ壬ϵΨԵѲҪݷκˣѰ컯µʱ򣬾ͱһԱ˿õ𡭡ƶ˵İݷͬţǵµλӣ˵Ҳʦֺʦ㣬⡭
ָŮ˵һŮڳ
Ϻǵ͵ģνϺ֣ĳƺʵǱӻɢޡΪıӻԴҲΪȺġ
ֱݺȫ˵꣡
ݿɵ۵Ů洣ʵ𣿡
ţŮһ
æлع˵ͷŮˣֻǡ
Ů洺˵û뵽ôۣû뵽һᡭ
Ů飬Цˣ
ѣ޷ġ͵Ĵڱ񼣺ʹ棬޷ݵΰֻһʱûתѣͻõģҵ˸ˡ
Ů洣


458 򵥵ĺġ
üһˣϲɺء
̫һۿüľ磬Ԫ޽ɵľ磬ȻȺҪ졣
üȴӦǹ̫ѲǣѸ죬ϵо򵥣ǻԪ޽ɳ򵥣
ǣ̫磬Ԫ޽ڶѣǽҡ̫Ҳû
üһ̾Ȼˡ޽ңд˳ɾӦˡ
̫һЦʵѲչͻƣΪ
ϵΪ
üҲֱӣֱ˵Ŀġ
뽲̫
ü˹֣˵ϵΪѻӶ硭
üļƻ˵̫
̫˵ͷ
ü˵ģԻкô
ٵأǿС磬ԻһδҲһɱ䡣
йΪѹصĻӣȻĺô
ңüˣ˺õĹϵ̫ȻӦ
̫Ϊüǵ˵ƣѾʹþǡ⣬Ҳһ̫֤֮ûٹ磬ÿ۽磬ѿٵض֤Ԫ޽ɡ
˵꣬ü˿
ˣлˡ
޷С¶ѡҲɽ̫ͼ̹һãпļӳ֣Ѷɺܶࡣ
üһ㶣ƶҲй뷨ƶͺѡϾϾ㡣ÿڣҲǷ顣
̫ЦˣкηΪ֤Ƿµֺηʵ컯֤Ԫٵʱ𶨻ȥҺҪ̹ᦺ̫ͼϱĻӣá
üˣһЦϵ̫ѲһǺǷ࣬Ϊ˻޲õϵһ
ôһ̫ɻ˵ɼǵҵɱֻأ֤ȻɴС㲻˵˵˼ҲأҪ
̫ü
üһ룬һ㣬ֻǣ֮ǰÿпޣû뵽е顣
ǣֻϵôǰݲΪûС
ǺѾԲͬԴʴ˵㲻𣬱Ԫ޽ɵľ磬kڲˡ
̫ص
ȻҪҲİ
ڸ˺ü
ܵģüȻħ
ֲúѣϵġüһ̾
û뵽ϵ͵ΪףܵĻǲϵȻϵ飿
ֵǰҿ˵ѵȰ棬Ϊһ㹱סҪû㹱ףᴦϵϵϳġ
ü֣̫۹泤Զ
ô֮ǰǰͿ˴˿̣еˣܿôԶ
ȺϵͺˣֻܹбܵĹתԴǿ϶ģҲصǣȺϵͺˡ
ϣ˰ɡ
һüͬˡ
㰴̫˵ġ
ȥҺ̹ᦺ̫ͼһİոˡ
ĵط
ǰͬأǵΪ
Ǳ𡣡
˴ǰͬأüһɵľ̫˼򵥵ѯһ¡
˻ת󡭡̫ü˵һ£ֵһıԴĻָͷҲԲһʱ󣬾ǻԪ޽ɣҲںʩչȫ赣ǲСĴƺġһҵȾͲʱСĲʩչֶˣұԴǿˣɵĸҲ࣬ǲ̫޵еļį
뵽ˣ̫ü˵׳ģĸ֣ǲǸøл𣿡
üһ㶣ЦϵлΪѵĹϵϵ»Ԫ޽ɣҲ޹˼ɵںʩչصƻĶȥһ˵ʵ㾫ʵĺģԶȿĻöˡ

̫ЦˣҲôΪҪΪ̫ǿǿֻȥչǽʧȥܶȤֻв׳ĺģҵĻԵԤУźĵı仯˵һ֮
˻
üˣæʣȻ𣿡
ָ̫ʾ̹ſ١ƿءءڡãԶǿ򵥣κ¶пܡ
̫Щ
Ѿüһ̫˵ˡ
ǰ̫˵ͬĻ
޾̫ĻʵˣҲˡ
˵Ҳȷģ
̫˵һ
⡰һüˡ
Ŀ꣬ΪһԵѣ
ˡ
ü˵ĺܶԣȷǾ첽Ԫ޽ΪãȥҺѰɣ˵ϵĶˡϵŬΪ˵һ죬һԵ
̫һðɣ
û뵽üˣɼÿʿջ
˺Ѹٵɽȥ



459 ô
̫硣
컯ʦһλµСʦãʯʵ
컯յͽŮ洣ıˣܶĽ˵Ů洡
ʯź󣬾Ӧȥ
ǹذһСʦãԪСʦǾػġ
ȷˣǰʮε飬ŲԪʦܣǰ;컯ʦͽŮʦö컯һн˱컯ʦϧ¡
һֱæŰϋ·
ںϽϺˣҲˡ
컯ʦһλʦúʯʦֵһȥ
ȥɣô˵ҵʦáʯһ
ƣ

컯ɵŮ洣һϲԻ
˽ʦ͵ֳ֮Լ֪һʱ˼
죬ɢŮ洣Ȼλ͸ΪԼ
ŮСʦáһ仰Ů洵Ի
ˣԼһʦʦλӡ
˵棬һʦһʦ
вһʦȴһʦλʦʦ㡣
Ů洼ʦʦ㡣Ů׺æ
λʦʦΪĳѾûˡ
̫ˣ̫ˣҲľˡ
һˣһ̸ʯŮ洵Ը
ǸҸŮӡ
ܷʦһУǼթƻ֮˾ͺá
Ůͬо˼λʦʦԸ
ʦֱĬԡ
ʦŮü
ʦľګϿҡ
ʦǫǫӡ
ʦСұϸϸ
ʦÿɰԺö
ʦʦÿһͬ档
һֱֻиŮ洣ܵ˽ůҲܵ˲һĸ谮˭С
֪ˡ
ԪӾȻҲԼʦ֡
Լʦ֡
ΪԼʦõģû룬˰ʦá
ԼǰʮεĴܣöţԴϺ󣬷Լƽ
˽̸һ󡭡
ʯˣŮȥ̫磬̫磬Ů洲֪Ϊεʦôǿ
̫羹ȻǴĴ裬ǵʦй磬Դ˽硣
ңʦ̹ŴĵѣǻоʹڵĴ档
Ϊ̫ѾܾԶˣֱϺŵ֪˻Ĺŵΰ
û뵽ûлĹŵΰ
λʦʦ˵ˣĹŲʲôʱΰ
ʦʱйڻˡ
֤̹Ŵٵء޻ֻءѹʱʱлĹź̫š
δħħ޲T
ӻ壬壬
֮Ů洷֣ĹŻ治ʲô
ԼЩʦʦ֣ǻĹ

Ů洿Լֱߵ˲ιֱߵң
εķ֣֮ǰڷɽԵĽ
ô޵ĳ嶯
ڻҶˮȵȡ
Щ͸ض˵ˡ
ÿʦ˵˾䣺̫СǷʦҪȻʦʮƷˡ
⻰˵꣬Ůһæסʦѵ죬ҵ˵ʦĪҪ˵ŭ
ԼĺģʦʦһЦ
Ů˲ίΪʦʦ㿴Լ
룿
ʦЦ˵Ůʦ÷ģ̫֮⣬̫ʦ̫ܲ磬ûҪģ˵ɶСʲôʦ˵ƽ
ǴδŮ洲֪Լָ˶ãܳһʱŻָ
ԼϵȻҲͺ͵ʦƽ
λʦʦĻ˵ģޱΰޱǿʦƽʦȷǿ󣬵ʦȺģҲйںģʦӣʦôȻ̫˵ںĲô˵
Ů洣
Ů洲ĿʵҲƽһ㡣
졣
Ů洿ʦ԰УɽҰ˲޺֥ޡ
ЩǵСһŮ洲ź˺ܶࡣ
ˣ˲ٵŮ洣һͷԵ˲һ佱
˲ȴʣүյĵ𣿡
ǣǣʦĵӡ
ں𣿡
Ů洵ǰ
˲˷ܵʣ˵˵ҴӻĹžû̫磬ү˵Ļ˺ܶࡣ
Ů洣
ǻĹž͵ģŮʣ
Ů벻Ʋ۵˲ޣȻǸϹ
ǰǵʮһĩˣǵеģþˡ˲а˵
Ů洣
㣬Ư߰˵˵ĺ治棬һȥأ
Ů洺ˣ˲޼æ׷ʵ
Ů洺ֻ˵ȷΣգг˲޵Ļôÿܸóԣ㻹Ǳȥˡ
ѽ˲һ£ÿ£һǲȥˣүֻɡ
˺󡭡
Ů㯵뿪ˣĵǰ
ˣĵʮҲǵʦĽֲ棬ǰĵһ
ǰĵ޾ͨ޾ĸŮҲǲǰ֪޽֮ϵľ硣
ŵŮһ̫̾ϺǿұҲǺϸˡȻܴ羲ĸһµɡ
ܴŮ洣ʵ
̫Ǹۼĵط
޸ּʮôأ



460 ü֤
ɽĺȻվѸٵĻء
أ̫üãȥժЩӣȡЩ
ǣүأѸٵ뿪ˡ
һᡭ
ɽȺĺ̫ü
λѣΥˡãյüλֿѺǸˡ
ѣΥˡðãü
޷޷
ȿȣ
λǿ̫˵
üͺһЦ̫ѻһ˵Ⱑ
˺ɽعĶ
źĵ̫ͯ͸оܣԼĵͯôͲأ
ͺġ
ͬߵСͯһ

ǹһˡ
һǻԪ޽ɡ
һѾﵽֻ֤Ԫˡ
еĽҺʬҲܳʥˣܲ˴
λԵζһѺʣ
ûԼ죬üֻ֤ǰ¡
ü˵Ϊ
Ŷ˵ϵܰĶȫԸ
˺üԼ̫ļƻ˵һ顣
ӦˣͲǰ̹ᦺ̫ͼռΪУֻǽһ¶ѣȻû
οԼǷ˲顣
һλĻᡣ
̫ôɶòϵأ
ϵʱ飿ˣ뵽
˺󡭡
Ҳ̫һʶһü֤
ò˵ʱľ棬̫һɵġ
ԭ켣УǲԸģʥüϳ˺ġ
üרźͺһ
üΪ˽кܣ˳ţк죬ұȺǧꡣ
һΣ̫ĴڣǺܺõġѡ
һ·ҲǹѹҲҫ
֮뿪ɽŻȥ
ǧ󣬾ĲԶһУն
λѣϵȥˡ
ü򵥵ƿһ󣬿ʼ֤ˡ
ǰصˡ̫
й飬ζֵϵҲǰصˡ
üѵúһЦλѼԣϵλڴ
˵üһԾһϢԴ
ֱʮ
䡪һ
ֻüȫΪ;һ˿ıתɫĿռ֮ϣۡ
ȣ
üƿط֮飬̹ڷ֮£һصĹâһƬ硣

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üһˣҪأҪ÷֮ƿؿٳĿռ䡣
˺֮鳹׵ĺʹ˿ռںϺ󣬲ܿƴ˿ռΰ
Ӷʶһƿؿռ䣬ʹ䲻Ҫںϡ
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˳ĹһŽҪںϵĿռ䡣
̫ͼȴǻţüԪеĽš
ԴԴϵΪһռ䣬ʹ֮ӵķ֮Դռ䣬ʹѸٳ͡
üϲ˿ȻĸԼɶˡ
ԼԼռˡ
ιüʼˡ

޻Ӷסռ䣬üҪԼ죬Ҫһ߳죬һ߼ٿռ䡣
˻ӵѹüʱˡ
ȥʱ죬ֻҪȫԸĿپˡ
̫ͼȴΪٵĿռ䲻۷
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οˣռȹ̡
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̹ᦾ˫ǻ֮һδε˿ռ䡣
һ˸ศɣǿڿٵ˵ó
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¡

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һԵ̫ͺࡣ
һֱ̫磬Ҫ٣һûٵʱ䡣
˵Ҳһ־顣
˵ϵ֤ԪʱҲҪѻһãлѹռ䣬ʡ̫ˡ
ƣ̫Ӧĵ˵ͷֵ컯֤ԪʱҲٽ̹ᦺ̫ͼ
Ҳͷƣ



461 ֤ɣ½
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ȫԸĹֻٵĿռһüҲʼת
ˣһ
ǻ˲ı仯̫ͼһˣѹ۷Чˡ
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ʱüе̹һס
ɿٻʹ̹ᦣҲȥһ֮
ɨ⿪ٳĿռڵĻ֮һЩʱյѷ졣
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ֻüأһ޴ˣǶĽľһ϶죬¶أռ£
ʱüüķɳһɫţüķ֮ҲԪ֮顣
֮飬Ǹ򵽼޺󣬿ʼƿطǡ
ʹ˵ںϣںϺƿһռ䡣
֮üܽСΰǻԪ޽ɡ
üûţһûţȻʹİüѹۡ
㣬˲侲
ǰü磬Ҫȹ磬˺÷֮ں磬ΰط֮ϴԪ񣬷ֳ֣ӶԪޡ
˿ֻ̣˵һѣҪüࡣ
ٵ֤Ԫһ򵥵飬̫̫ıϾ٣ûС
һԵ̫Ȼ棬ȴЩԼ׾١
ܼ򵥣ȹҲ򵥣ںҲ򵥣̫Ϊ
ѿ缸Բʵ
̫һüй飬ʵͻۣԲ̶ܴﵽŲ㣬Ҳ˵üֻҪɹΪǻԪ޽ĵز
ǰüѶ˵ֻʱݺĴڣ˿ֲĵ̡̾
ԼԼʬԼҲʹﵽü˿̵ĵزѡ
üƾԼˣ֪
Լߵ̫ѣʵ̫֮ʮԲɣ
š̫˵ͷ̫ʮԲ˱˻Ԫ޽Ϊ
ԤУȻ̾һ
Լǿٵصһˣ̫һǰǱȲ˰
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̫ȹ̣üѷȹС磬̹ſ춥һ߲ͬҲܱȡ
ּ˺ȿռȹˣüѵԪ֮ҪںϣںϺΰͷ֮üʹԪޣԪ֮ṵ֮ͨУüѴǰĵ߻ڷ֣˺󡭡üѾͳɹˡ

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ȹһʱգ̹ʮŸԪᣬԪҪʮѡ
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ʮ󣬷֮ʽںϴ磬׵ˡ
ʱһɾ޴ķ֮ΰʼüԪüԪɱɻԪ޵ĲΡ
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Ƿָ֣ŵȦᣬ̫µûüԪ޽ɺֱһͶ㣬ﵽ˻Ԫ޽ĵز
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̫ҡͷĺԻʵôˣв
ţ̫һ㶣æûУǷ̹ŵѿٵʱһе󡣡
һ㲻쵰ˡ
ܱ
̹ſٵؾȻüȣ
֪˵ʲôˡ
Ժ̫ĽҿĿһĻԼ֤Ԫ޵һ졣
ǿ̫üɹˣΪ˺ѣֵԼãԼҲҪŬˣ̫ˡ
λѴһʼԼû뵽ȥˣˣ겻ѡ
ŰɣȷһϵҲܽ˸Ԫ޽ɵľ磬ʱϵҲ֤Ԫ޽ˡмᶨ˵



462 ɵ
깦µĻü̫
̫ͼ̹һˡ
ʱü۾˵λѣոտٳɹƶҪܳʱȹ̵²ܺλһ̸ˡ
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ף֤Ԫ޽ɣɹüҪʱıչغ͹磬Լ̫ȹ̡
ˣüҪչȹ̣̫ס
ʱڣüǲСˣ͸Ҫڴ˱չء
̫ΪԵʣϽĹϵ̫ʱչأüȴС
ڵõ̫ͺ½üر˿ռ䣬ڻУȥĸտٵСչȥˡ
ֻʣº̫
̫һ֮Ҳˣ̫ѣϵҲҪȥչˣʬ֤ʥڼϵҲҪ׼ˣʹ˱ɡ
ȥɣʬ֤ʥʱ𶯣𺳡
˼ԣϵȥҲһʧˡ
̫˺Ҳ뿪ˡ
˺һʱĸķ١
󣬲ṵ̂ԵĺɱǲϵӴڲ
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׼ͽѵͲϵĹףģǱˡ
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Ȼ
ںĴܣսʱ
죡
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ڶһĺ棬ֵĳ޴ĵ졣
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ĹʮָԣҲĶˣҲϵ
ڤӡȣˡ
˵ΪĶ
һʱ䣬սûдڸ۶ƾۻˡ



463 ƻ
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ʥ޵޵ԤʾԲ
ԲܼԲ
ʥ˽ʼСΰ
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Ѿʱ̵Ĳˣǿͬһ㡣

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ԭ켣Уռݡ
类׼ͽռݡ
ޱۿռݡ
ɵһǷƻۡ
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ܳʯ顢ԪǿԳҲǸǵԵǿԲںɵɵϵ鱦ĵرǿıһģţ
̫ѸٵĴʯԪӵȡ
ȥᣬᵺᵺҲãϵ鱦ĵرѹһ¡
ˣԪʯȼˡ
ׯۣ
ʦһηԸңұضʦУܵõپ͵õ٣ͱҲҪʦʧ
һԪ˲ʧׯۡ
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Ȼ̫ģԪӲġ
òΣʦһԼȻܵõپͶ١
ʲôֻõĻԵԪԺˡ
ȫռݣ˺׸ʦܵõʦһ佱ˡ
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̫ʦǸԼָһ·ѣ԰ʦ˵ģͺá
ʦ˵̫ڵ񣬲ռеĻԵ鱦Ƕ޾󲻹ƽ
Խ̵˵ĪҪնɱҲ̫̰
̫ʱ䲻ͬ۽粻ͬ
۽粻ͬĲͬ
ԪǴȥˣʯǴһԵ
Ҫ̫ػ壿˵
̫ϲԼԵȴǳΪػ̹
͵˫ر׼͵ìܽ壬Ҳǵ͵
Լһ׼һ׼

ƻۣ
Ĵܷ׷׳֣ռһ
Ƿ֣ɵûʱ˿˭ǲϣֻܵȴ
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ڵһμֳĺܶɢ޺С˵
һʢᣬǼǰִ
̹ŴԪһɷǵģȻˡ
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˵Ѫڤ棬Ѫһ۶ȣÿ¡
Ǳ񣬾ݴٶȵһˣΪ뺣Ϊ


464 ׼Ԫ
λøʢĽ׼λҲǰʮε飬û뵽Ҳˡһ˵
ߣ޳֮ͽˣƵƵҵȣΪӺʿʲô´񡣡ǡ
б׼Ӻģ˺ȻûкøС
ʵֳֳǹǺˣȥҲǲ˵Բܲ򵥰
ꣿ
һϵǶһλ񣬺ۣǲˡ
۴񰡡
ԭˡ
λһ˭ôȥλƽƽӣ
Ȼע⵽Ӫеޱ۾
꣬˵ǿƿޱ۾ƹǳ
ޱ۾ԭޱ۾ǰʮεĴֻô׽أ
ۿ̫һλʣ̫ϻΣȻͬΪǿޱ۾׽ޱ۾Ҳĸ߲
˵
ʲôǸ߲ޱ۾֮һǰշʱޱ۾ǰȥģֻûдѣǵĺ֡
֪ޱ٣˵


һʱ䡭
ܳöɢޣһʿˣƽѵһĴμˡ
ӪУۿ䣬߲㣬ȻУĵۿܳԾ
ޱѣ㿴Ҳǰ㣬ȫǵˣҲԪʿڣһλ֣ĸ֡ۿޱ˵
ޱҲˣ֪ۿ˼
˻治֪ţ˵ǰս޾֣Ȼвٴѻǵƶ˵ģ廹Ҫҵĵħ֮𣿡
ۿһ㶣֪
ۿֵѲ˵ǵħܲ˵˵˻Σ𣿡
ǰǰȷƺˣֻҪؼܿ˵ˣң֪ҲǷëǣĵħսܣǲ֪ġ
ǵѺ⣿ۿʵޱȻἰħ֮ΪΣ
˵սܲпᣬħ֮пᣬսûĸ֣һ򵥣ĸ֣ؾǴĸ֣Ҫעˣ˺ܲ򵥡ޱһЦ˵
ۿĵ˵ͷ
ӪС
ֻڤԼǿˣԼսɵȣû
ѣǵۿޱڴأѵĳǺܲⰡЦ
֧µע֣Ȼֻб˴ˡ
ɵ̽飬ûԱ˴˵̽ġ
Ц޷ƶ֮ǰСҵ͵ĺܣǲ֪ƶģ˵ƶĻ֮ϺϺǲȥģҲ̽鲻ƶĸš
Ŷû뵽Ϻ飿ǵһ֪껯Ϻ
˵ջʱſҺ𣬵ѹƶʮ꣬ûѹЯûƶĽ졣
ס컯ˡ̫꣬ȻԼñӡ
ѹǽ裬ѹǽСԵ
ǰҲһͽ̻塣ҲĽ˵ƺ˴ǰ̫Ľѵ
Ǻǡ˶һЦһη֣ԭôйͬԺˡ

ڴռһԳĬʱһ˵ĵô˵طˡ
Ԫˡ
ԪһҺôҺõЦһսͷ
֮ȥͲǣһǿӡ
ȻǵһԪӴû뵽ԪӴҲˣȺͷȻǵһ񡣡
һͷԪӵĵһʱó˺ܶࡣ
ܵ壬Ԫ⸱̬Ⱥ˶ʱеŭա
ߣԪӺôͷ˵°ܽѣΪԼ޵ˡԭʼԪӾݺݵ˵
Ԫӱűضʦʧ̬ȶɱ񣬵ҡ
ʦʧ
ԪӵΪһֱڽ޺ڵΪԲľ硣
Բˣ֮ûԲ
ʵΪ˶ĥ͵Բˡ
˵ȾΪڴʱڴߵġ
ӡۿڤӵˣҲֻǴ޺ڵľѣΪһ޺ڡ
ԪӱǸһ磬Ϊ൱
˶Ԫӵ̬ȺܲǾǺԪΪھӡĽ׼ᡣ
ĲˣҲ˵ˡ
ΨĵشԪӵĵ̣ȻԴ˹ڻ
Ԫͷúܶ׼ȻͷԪһ
ʦܣаգ׼ļƻæʵ
ʦ֣оԵİգǸܺõʱԪӵ̬úܶ˲ˣһ
ԪӲ򵥰
ʦ֣ҲҪһԣ߳ŭǴֲɣ֣˺Ҳ
׼е˵
ףʦΪҲΪ˺á
˵ܲƤͺܶࡰ㡱Ϊʦȥ
Լûʦ֣ΪĿ겻ֶεľģʴܲ
ҲףʦΪĹףԼҪĶࡣ


465 
˵ʦȥɣֻΪʦˡ
׼᲻һЦʦ˵ﻰʦܸģδʱʦֲҲһֱչûʦ޾µػչˣҲûҵĽ죬ֵ⡣
˵ĸǼ̵ġ
׼˵꣬Ѹٵ߳ӪڴɻУ׼Ԫӡ
Ԫӵѣƶ׼ˣƶԵѾѾãյüʤҡ
һ
׼ĿףڳĴһ㶣һӡ
ߣ㶪ȻȥԪӣǶǰʮδ档ڤӲмֹ
ԭΪˣȻ㲻ǶƤ뵽
ĶˣȻ޳֮ԭʼЦ

һֱܰۡˣ׼ӡĹˡ
û뵽㶪Ȼǰ̬ȥάԪӡ
Ǽ򵥵ĴкȻóǣ
׼᲻Ǽ򵥵ĴкǴһֺõ̬ȡ
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ԪӣҲִЦˣʶܵ˵׼ѣҵ
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Ȼˣܲ˭᷸ȥΪΪԼֵܣ׼ûʲô
ԪӼ׼Ȼ̬е㻳ˣʵ
ѿб£־治ʺϽ̸ɣµ˵
⻰˵꣬˶ԪӵĿµʶ
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еͬ׼ˡ
׼ȴһţԪӴ治öԸ
һˣԼôһάָϲ񣬴˺ԼһЩǲ⡭κΪӣΪģҲҧӦֵ̫Ҫû뵽Ԫβ鷳ˡ
׼ֻõϾͶϵ˵Ӧ֪ʦֵΪ࣬ҹԼյٺκƶ࣬顣
¶ߵ׼ᣬһɬĽеССĸл治

Ԫе㵣ˣò򵥣಻Һ£Ҫƶǰס֮һƶ࣬˵Ҳǹġ
κ²˵Ҳ֪
׼лֱ˵ԪӴ㣬˳׼ĽȥˣѾ˺ܶΪµˣȥԼ
׼һջԪӲ£Ҳܷŭ
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⻰˵꣬Ԫһŭ
ΧҲоԼˣˣôô޳ܡ
׼һͷԣ˲˵ĪҪᣬʦֵûԵģһжΪ飬˷Ѿشһ㿴ɺã
ԪˣԼأ
ˣԲѵˣ
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ǰ˿ԪӵΪûһ˲廰뿴ԪӶ
Ԫѹסŭʣô⣿
׼˵ֻҪѴӦκ鷳һֵܷķǻŲƾشҲ滮ش飬ƽˣѾΣ
⻰ꡭ

̫޳ˡڴ뵽
ñ˵̵ĺôȥֲԼ̵ȱݣԻǲΪ顣
ѹˣ㲻Ӧ˽Ӧһк׬ȡһ
ͺñ˿ĵˣ˵ð㿴Աߵĵزãһ¾һ°ɣҲΪԼΪеزõ顣
׼Ļʱˢڴ֪ô޳ܣű˵Ķȥˣ
׼ҲܽţɫԽԽԪӡ
оУҪԪӳޣֱԪӵĳޣԪӲòӦ
ȻǵѲӦԼԹҲɡǾش˽ܵ飬ϵѵʵΪȫԽһǿµԺĶɣֻǡ
׼װģĵֻǿ顣
⻰˵ꡭ
ۿĶȶüˡ
ԪﻢˣӦ׼Ҫ齨Ӧʧ޴
Ȼڴ߲ϣԪӴӦΪԪӵʵ齨һܼ򵥰齨ģԼԵĵˡ
ʴۿȣԪӵĿⲻˡ
һԡ
Ŀһе꣬һ亹
׼ƺͲҪǼʶˡ
룺ֲкĳɾֲͣùΪΪĿĲݣҲҪΪʮֵԼѧϰ
ͿһΪȴԼСʧܡԪӡɡôˣ



466 ˺ƣ
ԪӸоԼķŭҪѹֲסˡ
޳ܵ׼һƺԼȻ֪˺ܶˡ
Ӧ׼˿ԼҲĲȡ
Ӧ׼ᣬڶĸ߲ΪԼб뷨ҲԼӡ
뵽ˡ
ԪӵŭѹƲסˡ
ʱҪ׼ȴʵԪӵѣΣ

ԪӺȻһЦ
ҾΣ
Ԫһһֵ˵Ҿã޳Сˡȥɡ
һ
ֻԪһ׼ᣬ׼ĿɿڴУе׼ᣬ˲һѪ³Ҳˡ
Ԫӣʦܡ
Ҳû뵽ԪӾȻôңǱԼʦһ
ȻҪƤ͵Ϯ
ʦܣ
Ѿˣ׼ᱻԪһֻˣѸ׼ȥʦΡ

һĻȴ˿ɵˣԪӾȻôҡ
޳֮ȣҲ壬ƶƶưոݡ
Ԫһߣֵ
ƶˣȻĿŵƶƶõһ飬ȿƣƶѻ⣬ƶġ
ƶƲ
˵꣬Ԫӻ
סӣݶԼ׼ᣬԼһɬĽԪӴһ޳֮ȣ
ļõ鸡֣޿ɺĺظУһ
Ԫӣ̫
׼ͽҲŭˣƱˣֻסԼֵܳԿˡ
˲Ҳʩչ˸Եͨ׼ᾡˣ
̫ˣôƵ˶ˣϺ˴⣬ûԹĿһҪ
ʴˣ˲ս
ɵûѾʼսҲˡ
Ԫеайط׼ͽֵܣ岻á
һķɣʶˡ
һʱ䡭
޴Ĺʹ֮ϡ
ڴϲּĿһĻôǲſġ
ԥĿŴչԪӣкܲܣԪֽˣ
ǻɣ˭̹ŴԪôԪӽô죿
Ӧð
Ŀɿڴ⻹ԼеºʹɣԪӴ
ôԸôıңһԲϾͿ
ֲܲ˵ĸоΧڴܻȴȻȳ֣ԪӴɲǼٵİɣ
úãݺݽѵ޳֮ͽѪѵǣϲԪӵԸ񣬾úܺãܶԿζ
ڵۿͶ̫һȴ档
ΨޱԪӵİʱ򣬺Ȼǵʦ˵̫ʦһŵı־
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ޱ۾Իˡ
ڤսƻԪӺͣϲԪֹϵԸ񣬾áҪ׼ԼԼҲ֡
޴ôڳȻô³çһʵȴԪӡ
ԪΪߣҲԪûǻۣ̫³çˡ
ȻǾˣҪվԪӵλϣ²ôˡ
ɫɫ
и˵ĿԪӵԸΪȴǼסˡ
вԾ趨һ׼׼ǣԪΪǿԸңòҪǡ
ò˵ΪεΪԪӵԸгˡ
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Ҫ̫֪̫Ҳò
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Ƶ׼ͽԪӵǿ󳬳ǵֶ̫ˣΪӦð
Լǰָ㣬ֶζ˵㣬ôԪӵֶαԼ˻Ҫ
е㲻Ժķ˼
κΣʢŭԪӿɲЩʦһָɡ񡱣Լűضɵġ
Ȼ˿Լ۸ϷŪԼ治֪
ˣԪڡ̫⻷ļӳ£޿֣η塣
׼ᣬ½˴ұҲ͸ղ޺ڶѣ׼ֻдڶѡ
ԪǴ޺ΪԲټһ鱦ļӳ֣Ըֵ׾١
Ȼʱ
ס֣
һȴһ㶣˭ֹˣ
ֻһɫӰܲ˵ľȻ˵ĽսȦС
λס֣Ԫӵѣɷϵһӡ
˿ʱ
֣ԭʢϺ˺档
ƺԪӹϵܲ
⣬Ҳ׼ͽΪҲй̵Ľ
ܿԼλѡ֣ԡġĳֹˡ
ԪӲܲӣϾǰй޴İҪǺƣԼҪ׷ɱá
׼᲻סֶУٲסֲֶסˣȻȰܵˣȻ˳ˮۣ¿ˡ
λѺιʴ֣㿴ˣԪӵѣλǴ֮˰Ϊ࡭
Ƶãܲ˵һ߶˵ԪӺ޶һ
Ȼļ򵥣׼ˣȻҪƫ̻һߣб׼
ԣԪһ󡰽̵
ԪӵѿˣλѶΪǣλô㣿ֵ

ܶˣɵһźƣȻϺˣ޵ʲô
ֵ
ľȻĵ


467 Ļĺ
ԪӶˣԼʶĺƵѣ
ʢϺˣ粻ƺĴܣΪǿķԷû뵽ģ
ԪӱϾǸˣ֮ǰƾȹԼܲӣŹ׼ʦֵˡ
ʶɫÿԪӵںƵѵϣŹˣΪƶնģߣ
Ԫ˵꣬ƶᣬֱ˵һԡ
׼һķŭκʽǿҲ˵ʲôйֻڰл֮Ҳ˵һԡ

ںģѾ׼ᡢԪӵˣܺõϺ˺ƣ
˻ɣѵɵ
᳹׵ĺԪʧȥһ˿⣿
˵׼ᡢѾͺˣʲô˵ܣ
ƺԵĺƣ׼ᡢĸл˵޷޷λϵѣϵȻῴλ֣ҵΪǰʮ飬ȻҪ໥׽
ƺܽԼΪ׼ͽ˳һ
һĻ
׿ɵˣ˾úƷˣ˾ùȻʢˡ
ⲻ֪ħ޲T
ߣ䲻Ԫ鷳еﵹùңˣħĳΪһ
޲TԷй̫򲻹ԸԪСΥǰԡ
Ϊǰӡĺƣ֮ǰɱʱл֮Դļ̳ߡ
иձ޲Tɱʱ޲TͷģضеһҿС
ˣùĺƼ̳еĻ֮Դ̳˻ңȻ޲TҵĿˡ
ħָ棬ɲǵһֿ飬ֻҪħԸ⣬һԲ֪Ŀ˵ģƾǵһħڡˡ͡޴·ԽԽԶֱ

Ϊ죬ڱ˿ɵӵΪʵǺƵıģҲǱ⡣
ûɵӣοǰʮĴܡ
ƽı仯վԴ޲TΪ˱ıƵġ
ˣƵĺܶΪȫĺмɣһ˻Ϊǡˡأ
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׼˼òƺܷĺƣȥȰһԪӵѣԪӵѣڴ·ԽԽԶ
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룬Ȼһɱ˵־㿶ϵ˵ԼĺܶԣԪӣԼ
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ԪӵѡƸҪ˵
ƵѺ£Ԫ˲˺ƵĻ
ԪʣĪҲҪȰƶһɣ
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ԪںɵУᶨĵ˺ϸѼ¡أ
һǵǸһѣԪ˵ֻЩˣܲ׺͸ܲˡ
⣿Ȧˣ
ǣ
ΧĿһеĴܣԪӵ۸ˣ壬ϹǸѲ
һιҵĺеŭһԪӵΪҲŭķ
˭޲T£˳׵ġϺء
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⻰˵꣬ߵĺƺֱܴ뿪ˣĻʲôɵ
һ仰ȴڳĴһˢۡ
壡
ѣ⣬⣬ˣʶ㣬˵˵ʵ
꣺
壡
ޱѣ˵ţ˵Ȼˣʶ㣬˵˵ۿ
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ڴѯʣ˵
ᱲʿֻܽһ֣ǾǡˣԵ鱦ԴȡһУԸƶ֪ġΪΣȻûеĲȣħ֣ʵ棿κΣĵˣվվûкýģң
˵ꡭ
֣ͬĵ˵ͷ
Ӫеޱ۾Ҳ˵˼ͬĻۿһͬ
ǺƣȻܲħ֣ܵȹ̣ʵ档
ⲻ֪
֮Ͳȹˣ޲TܼӵĲٿأ
ħֺƣһ޲TΪ



468 Ȼ
Ƶȥó氲˺ܶࡣ
ƳֺһϵеΪҲ̾Ϊֹ
ʯ顢ޡѵƵĸˡ
˵ĳ֣ʶ˵ĸе̾ʶĸе
λ͸Ϊĸֳ֣ˡ
ʶ˵ģ˿˵ʱۣ˵ĺɨǿǹڻġ
޾¹ȥˣǴ޺ڵΪ
ֻ͸˵ʱ
ķ֣˿ǴԲĲˡ
ʯ˵ĸţ˵ʵֻ˵һ㣬ûָ̫˾Բд˳ɾ͡
ˣ˵Ϊ
ҲǸԭĸҪֻÿһҪޱȵȹ̡
ʯ˾㣬ÿһÿһСΣỨѺܾõʱ䡣
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ȷǿ󣬵Ҳȷ
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еһиУ԰¡
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Ҳûޱǿ󣬶ˣ̫ǳ谮ӷ̬ȡ
һ⣬ֻҪܽͺãֻҪ˾ͺá
ͽޱǿǿսսأ̫ûҪ
̫һС㡢δȥڶûͽûʲô
ͽܣֻżȻѪĲѡ

ʯ˵ѸٿԪʦܡ
ѸٵԪӶ
ԪӴǰܲãƸúƣԼļλʦʦˣԪŸƣ

˴ۿһĻˡ
Ԫӣʯʦ֣ʦ㡢ľʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ㡢ʦ㡣
Ƕʦ㣬ΪԸ񣬼̫ϯŮӣԪŮ洵ȣƺΪʦ㡣
ԪӳƺλΪʦʦˣ⡭⡭ô£
Ȼи𺳵ġ
ޱҲϤĺܣǰǼޱޱܲ
ˡ
ޱһ˹˵ޱλʦʦ㡣
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Ҳˡ
λѣλѷɣϲɺء
һˣҶϤĺܡ
һĻ׼ᡢڤӡĿɿڴԼǸ֮ܡ
ʯȣû뵽ôˣҲһһĴк
˺ѹ
Ϊƻʱͷһٻæλѣ̹Ŵĺᣬεõ˼չˡ
˵ֶ꣬˵ѣλ̫ǰµĸͽ
ϵ⼸λϹϵǾͺðˣ̫ǰĵӣôҲҪύһ¡
ףæʯһѡ
ޱ͵ش󾪣һη֣ԭ壬Ҳ̫ʦָ
Ȼ󣬸æѵۿк˹ʯλʦʦ㣬˵ۿѣ̫ʦصʦǴڵۿĵãԼ̫ʦʹνҲ˵ۿѡ
⻰˵꣬һʱˡ
û뵽ľ棿
ʣĴҲƣʲô
ôԼ̽鲻
嶼ȥݷˣ򵥰˾ȻԪӵʦͬš
ǷӦ죬˲˺ܶࡣ
ʶ˵λѣҵȶǵѡʦʦǣǸཻΪǵԶκƫޱʦܺӦףʱϺҲһĲƫУλġ
⻰˵꣬ۿ˿Ҳеʧ
׿˼
޷˺˶ǵѣԣǲ֡
Ϻһֱˡ
ʱйԵİĺ顣
µħʱٵϺ⣬Ҳûġ
Ϻһֱ߸ϣӲںһδεԡ
ûȡʯˣ͵ۿʧͬʱҡ
ҪԼı²У˿ס
Ȼ̫ǻɹȷˣе𾪡
̫Ϊô
ѵҲ̫ǰԼСӴ֣ԲƫУ
еεĳ棬ޱŵۿ뿪󣬳Ű
ʯףйעԼ˵ĸˡ
ԪҲȦķ֡
ԭʦָ
ǰΪԼҪأ
û뵽ʦԼôŲ
˴μԼĶΪûҪˡ
ӵĸ˴ǰ׼ơ
ԪӿЦá
ͬʱƵķ֣ԼǴɨķģ˭ӵġ
⵹ãȻɵô᣿



469 벻
ԪеߣʵԪӣʦôأ
Ԫһ
λʦ㣬ʦԸĵһһɻõԸ񣬺ʺƵõľ衣
ʱ˳Сãǡ
ôԸˣȻԼʦ㣿
ԪӿѾе㵣ġ
ûУʦˣʦеΪѣеǣûв˵˼ʦ㣬ʦܸܺˡԪӼæ̬
Ԫ˵ꡭ
ʯ΢΢һЦԼСʦжڣ̫ˡ
ʲôʡ
𣿡Ԫ˵ʦܽӵʦָʾ󣬴㲻ʦڴ˭ҪʦɵҪռһġ
ǣԪƵǣʦָģǻȹϵһȻµȥ֣
ʯһ㶡
û뵽Ԫʦܻôġ
ȷԪʦ˵ģȻǺã
ʯ˺ԪıϾͬǾãԪʦʦ뷨ˡ
ʦ˵ԵͺãδĿĲһԵԼȲҲһԵ˵߶ѡ
ԪȥȡĵģԼȲԼ˵ĵġ
ֲͬ뷨Ҳ۽;ͬԵʡ
ñ̫磬Ǹ̫޾£ʲô̫綼ȡһûʲôˣ
Ǹ̫ʱ䳤֪ʦ뷨ҲʦĹϵ
ʦԼʦµˣֻҪ֣û
ԼȹˣԼնɱ̰ˣǾͲˡ
ʦϣҲϲ
Ԫʦˣʦ뷨ǡԪ˵һ
ʦ˵ģԪʡ
Ȼ̫һ̫ǻ֪ǾԾˣʵҲ޵еһ˵ʦ˵ġ
ҵΪĲ𣿡Ԫʣ
ȷҪĶʦΪֻд޲ε𣿾ͺñʦʦȡ˭˭ʸʦ
⣿ʦܻ֣̿ʦָ̡Ԫӽ̵̵ܽ
ЦʦĶҲ֪ʦ˵ֲΣΨһĵߵˣһԼνƿ㯵棬㯾ߵˣҸжϺĵĲģ档
ˡʦޱʦ̫ܲԪӵǳϿҡ
޷Ҳ̫ʦ˵ԼһԲ֪ⲻ˺
ֵʦǵĽ̵ȴǣΪǵĪҪΪȥЩվģҲá
˵꣬ûԪ˵˵ǰʦܡǴǰޱȵĽʦʦÿζܵõ鱦Ҳ޾ȥѰңκΣ˲ԵֲǼÿζֶ顣ǵģǿҲɣɵ
ѽŵʦܿŰɣȻôҪᣬǲóԸģֻɵԵˣܵõǲܵģͺñ鱦һǿ󲻵á
ףԼĻԪȴˡ
Ƿʵʦ˼ǣɵѾжˣ
ѺΪȻ㣬˵ĺܶԡ
ʦ˵νǼٵģ
٣٣ˡֵΪ˲עģһעעҲҪǵźšͺñȣյõĻ˵ҡòĻ˵ҡ
⻰˵꣬ԪӸһŵô
ǰ֮
ԺԪԺʣǵǲ
ѽ㰴е뷨ߣǰǵ뷨ġ
Ԫһ㶣е뷨ߣԼҪˡ
Һʯʦ־ȻϵǸʦѹˣʦܲܵõȫʦ컯ˡ˵
ҲáԪӵͷ
ʦʦǲΪǣ̫Լȥȫ컯Ҳ㲻ʱĳԡ
˾Ԫӵ˿ʼĬ
ɻķ֣һһֵˣǽŵĿԼˣɻ
һô£
Ԫ˵һ֮ʯ˲ݺݵĿ׼ͽˡ
ʦܣǲᣬ˵ȻǻĿסκεջ񣬸ʦܣǵ졣
ǣҪʦõֹ޲TңǾȻʶôҪʦܣɻ
ͬʦֵˣ˲ìͷָ׼ͽ
ԭ켣еõ׼ᣬοˡ
ʯ˿ǣ¶˵ޱȵ⡣
Ҳܵ˫۾Ƶ˵ʦܣˣ鷳ˣ
׼Ҳƣ˭뵽Լȴߵˡ
һǿ󣬻һǿͬŵԪӣ̫ùˣ
ֻ˵׼ͽϺ尡


470 
ʱţǧ˲š
죡
ֻһ˺ּŲʵϸ֣ɵ޴ĵϹȦơ
ڴˣɵ˳ʱˡ
ϢԴ׼ֵʱ̣Ȼ

ֻӺ˶ƣһ
ֲһֱû֣ԭصô
ɵڶȻĺ֮岻
֮ǰ˻Ϊ岻⣬û뵽һֱء
ǾһĻˡ
λɽӵĳ֡
ǼٷɵҪռΪеʱ
ļ÷֣ɵӰһ
˿ģǺ¥ãʵɵ
ֵĶﶪһʯӣֻɵĻþһ˿٣ʲôû

岻ĵ˻ֳ˼ȡߵǵûκεá
ʱ
һ̾ĺ׷
ȻԵǻɡ
һ̾˵Ԫһɼ˵ǿ
档ʯһ㶡
֪Ĳ࣬ǡ֪
λȴһա
Ϊɵճʱű˽ʱ̣ԼѸ¡
û뵽еƶȻ
һ̾Ϣ²ģҲòˡ

λ֣ĵһ˻
һ
˺ʧں棬ƺûֹ
ʱڳڴܷ򣬿ܲԼ
ɵ鱦һĴڣҪ˵Ե֮˲ſɵõ
򣿴֣ҲȻ
棬öƵļ˿
ǿ岻СӣԪʦֵ˸ףǿʵᣬǼˡ
Һⲻȫʵܵõġ
Ļ׼ᶼ˫ð⣬Ϊûκΰˣʱת

Ԫʦܣ˰ɣЦ
Ԫӵ˵ͷȻʦ˵ģʵǲеġ
׼Ҳʦ֣ǻлᡣ
ı¶һ˿Ц⡣
ʱ
ɵľŵһʢ
֪Ὺʼˣɵ׿ˡ
ֻӪѸ˾ǺܽɵҲ̨ɵһʱڸֺ£úܶ˲óȻж
絺ԪӣԪҲæ򷽴ɵҲзɵһĻ˸еۣɵռˡ
ʴʣµɵᣬҵĶˣ׼ˡ

ѣ֮ǰǽ죬ҲԵ֣ٱһ˵
˵ʯҲ˳Ŀˡ
һŭ
ɶ񣬵ǣʱŭˣֱˣôԣֱ̫
ʯ˵ǿҲһ˿ıʱ˻ȫ˱ԴϣȻΪǣֱӴԲʵ
ʯ񡢿Ҳˣĵ˵ѹ׾С
ʯҲ;Բѡ
ΪĴ޺ڣֶκ鱦а˳ɵİջ塣
ʴҲ˲֡
һĻ˿Ƕڤӵȡ
ûԪʦŵᣬǻ˺ܶࡣ
׼ʱҸеǷ絺ԼֵԵ׼ᡢҲʯ顢˺ս˴Ԫһ¡
κΣ
Ԫʦ˶డ
СˣʦܣʦᣬǼֱ롣
ѽ˲ˣ׼ͽǰȥ;
㣬̫׼ƻգļһŭ
ԼֵΪƣΪ棬ôôᶨĵģΪƫƫкܶࡰˡԼأǾʲô
ߵֵܣ˲Ѻս
һʱ䳡澫ˡ
ɵǼңڳİ˳ɴȥɵ
һǷ֣ƺ԰
ȫӦɵ
˵ʲôǺ˵˵Ե
ƵףûԪԵʣŭķ֣ɵԼǱˡ
ˣѸת˷򣬿ӪȫƽɵûҺġ
ҵĿ꣬һĸ߲˲塣
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еˣ
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471 ǿ
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ǿ̫һ񣬾ҵԼڤʱҲŭˡ
ޱȴƽ˺ܶ࣬˸һһĲ
ޱǿָ㣬Ҳ˸һ֮⣬½ѹָ㡣
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˵ֶ̫ˣ鱦ǿͨǿҲס
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սѧϰ飬ҪĿġ
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Էâ¶ǹеһɾ޴Σա
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ĸ֮ڤִɵԼԵĸо
Լ֮ǰĶû뵽֮ǿԼѪ֮еǵĸо
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ԪǿʦᣬûҲĴС
Ҹǣ֮ǰһֿĸ򣬵ǣ
ȥǺȻָָ֣ûˡ
˵ԵѾʣɵԼ˱Ⱦָˡ
ͣˡ
ֵͣĻʯˣҲоԵʧȥˡ
ܲĵǣڤӡ۵ֿͣ֡
ѸٵĶ׼ԪӣϣƻԪӵĻԵ
ǿǵĻԵǽˣҲõô
οǣǲڳκ˵ġ
ʶʯͿ顢ˣֺս
ȻսܲˣеԾģ˫
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ĸ߲ܿƵסĴս
һĻڳ˸ɵˣ˭ʱɵ
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εǡ
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ܶεһ̾˰ɣλԵԼ



472 Ԫӣֽ
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׼ӲһеĽѵĻˣʱѪ
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ѺܲԸΧܶܶסˣڿԼˣҲü׼սȥػԪΪ
ˣһ鱦׼ͽˡ
ˡ
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ûԪӣȻ֣Լⷽ絺Ե֮ˡ
˺ܶ취ǽӴҲǲǷ絺
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Լʦʦ㣬ΪԼɨϰԼȴòⷽ絺
νġ
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κΡ
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ΧĴһЦЦԪʦǿΣһûлԵԼ˻лᡣ
뿪׼ͽҲ˷ˣҪ°ᣬǻᳩЦ
ԪͷӬһΪ̫ǽˡ

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473 һҶĿɵ
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ղ̫ˣڤڤжհȥõ󷨡
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ֻҪ˴˵飬Ϳɿƴ˵Ư˵ɵУΨһһƶģҷ֮Ϊģ˵ƿغǱѰҲѡ֮Ϊأ˵һ洦ƯĴ󹬵
̫򷽴絺ûô򵥡
ϸ˵ⷽ絺һɶõ鱦
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ĹûУҲҪƿش˵˵Ϊ
ô˵˵ϡ٣Ҳ桭
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ڱ˵ޱȵɵʦͽÿпˡ


474 ܲս
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ڤ̫һҲ򵥣ս棬ܳۿۿƿߣʵǻ˫棬̫һȴС
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ȴìܾͲɱ⣬ҪţҪ̣ŵĵ̣Ҫ̵ĵطǲܲţҲᣬսɱ⣬˴ɵǼӵļӾìܣҲ˳Ǳ˴໥˽һ£λӦס
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˵˭еüĿ޷ǼԸ׺ʹأ繲ףڣյȡ
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շշ˼Ǵﵽ˶⣬ҲǴﵽһԲ
ҪˣΨкá
ˣսܲ壬Ҳʼжˡ



475 ļ
Ŀ룬һۼء
ڵۿϸһ壬Ϊ塣
̣ܽŽ̲ĵģѾۿϴˡ
һЩ粻ȣȫ໥壬ֱӱۿ֮⣬ۿΪЩа壬ĸ
ˣʱ岢ûһЩаǴɱ¾ᱻۿͷοЩΧСˡ
ԭ켣е壬ܺûȫۼһЩӯ壬񣬺屳˾޴βһˡ
죬ľۼأƽ
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á
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ڲǰǾ͵õ˸ָ߲ʾ˵ܱһֵսǰأС
ǡ
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ԭ켣Уܱڸǣη屻أ裬Ŀˣ޾
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ˣۿȸ߲ˡ
һʱ䣬һս



476 ս
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ۿ̫һޱ۾ˣԼ˶Ըһˡ
ײҪ֡
ϲͬʱҲܽ˵ģⲻƽ⡣
ѵԼ֪ܣ
˿̲֪˿һܣǲĻк֡
δδռͥǰǸ߲㣬ȷԶԶ塣
ʥõͥǽһδ󱬷Ϊ˷Ҳȹ̵ĴӪʱƽ
ˣ̽һûۿĽʵۿܿܣǺͱۣ˭ɲɵİɣ
ֵΪ峼壬һ𰸡


˵꣬ӪУ˺ôЦ
𣡡
𣬺𡪡
޳ܣ죡

ĴǼʱЦŭ˻
Ѿ֣͵һ£Ǵ򲻹սҲ޾塣
ŭĵۿ֪ˣԼһֲ˿̵尡
ȻѾңòˡ
Ķǣɱ
ۿֳֵһӣʱ屩ˡ
䡪
ˡ
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壡
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𶯵ԭǶǿ󣬶Ǵǣ
ײ򣬴˺ԱԽ
Ҳû׼˲䲼ó˺üһ׶֡
ۿ˼棬ۺ죬һֳֵתվ֣ͼ鸡֡
һֳ֣ḷ̌ǿȵΡɽ
䡪ÿһôزÿһƲɵ赲ǰ壬ȫȳࡣ
ЩСĶŵۿ
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䡪
ۿڸ֣һȥǿ壬˲仯Ϊһҡ
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ȣ
ϲⲫ嶼ϲⲫʶֳľһ̻ۿ
ۿգѵĽޱȵҫۣ쪵ĵϻȻɡ
ˡһ
ڵۿķ߶£һɹâľ޽ۡ
ն
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ʱ
¡
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ҽУҲ塣
ʱҲⲻˣ˭飬˭һ˿Ĳ̣˭Ҫʧܡ
ನ䡣
ֻɽǸɽ޷壬ನɨģһ·ɨ޿赲
Ȼನ˵Ǳ˳ܵġ
ǿӲǿס˹ۿҲ岻ã˵鱦ͼ顣
ʶ˼û£գۼսһ顣
һߡ
ֳӵĶ̫һǿǿ˿־塣
һ˶սڤףںݱʬǿķ̫һ׵ķˡ
ֻйȫ޷
̫һһףھζĵڶ
˵Ľ֣һƬ𺣣𣬷֮׶
֮ڲ𣬷귽
ǣҪ˵͹̫ܺһϸµģֻףڵľζ
Ĳˣοǻףڵľζˡ
ĺ󣬷ӺͷӵĶԿ̫һӣףڴҲӡ
˲ҪĹԺ䣬ڤݱʬҲֻ͵Ϯ̫һ
Ӳǿӵǿ̫һǿսսӲסǿ֡
䲻Ҫսʽ֪˵صĴܷ˼е־塣
ܶƺ϶ˣ̫һӲǡ



477 ʥ
ζ̫ͬ乥޿ƥС
ټͨڶ̫һףսĴȻǷͬһ㡣
ͨĽ˲޼
ͬʱʣײǱޱ۾סǱ岼õĴס
ò˵е᧿Σˡ
ǿĶ֣һսľģĸһ
ǵսһ岻ãսսص壬ΪĹ˱׳ս衣
η飬η壬ֱǰ
ս̫һߴսĳ档
óʥˣˡ̫˼ֹ
ʬ˵˺һֱһˡ
ƽ⣬ƽ⣬˺ɵˣ˿̲ƽľǲеġ
ʥսֹ˺ģƾĽѸҵķ򣬴˺ʥõͥһӪ˺ʽѸģۿȵȡ
ĸ
ɽ
ʬȻһԺ˵ƽ⣬֮սĲƽ⣬ˡ
ƣ˵ͷһˡ
ļã
¡¡
ֻ
𶯣ƱɫĶڲһѹϲǴս嶼ˡ
ô£
ÿµơ
ֹš
ģкڣҲںδ
̾ǿƵʱʱ

һ޿ƥеˡ
˴ǰ̫ѹģεѹӳ¸ס
ֻĴӿɲǼǣַ۽ţ֣޳滨š
ֿԤ棬ϵĳַ֣˼ĳĿϾӡ
ɽ˺ͷ컯ƬɢʥĹâ
ɫı仯ߡ
һԹۿĺ΢΢һ̾
ʥˣҪϵʥˣºʥ˶Ȳˡ
ֻһʥĳ磬˺ֱ˺һڤڤ֮ضȥ
ڤڤ֮أԴ֮ء

䡪
Դ˺һѹ˲ϯġ
һ˲ɹز𡭡
˲ɹز𡭡
˲ɹز𡭡
˲ټĵײѾȫˣսԼˡ
˲ɹز𡭡
˲ɹز𡭡
壬ĲںεأһµĶˡ
˲̫ҽɼ𣬴ǣĵţûκεá
ۿȸ߲Ҳˣǰѹ˴޲κѹֹסˡ
ϣҲһ
κΣˡ


𣡡
ণ
Ǻ͵ۿ̫һˣԼԤϵĴˣѹûͣסԽԽǶܲˡ
˲
ͨһͬһ˲ǹˡ
ףز𣬿֪ǵıͷŭ

ɽ콵û뵽ʵʵڵչأС
ȻչػҪ¹ֱд
ӣһ˲֮ʣˡ
ڤ桢ۡ׼Ů洺ͷ˵ȣһˡ
Ȼ
ûֹͣѹ޽ΪĿĵġ
ڰ˲Ϊĵθ֣޾µϹҲˡ
𺳿֪
ھ˲١
Ҫ˵ˣ̫Ƶ⣬ĺϼһ½ѹ涼ܲסˡ
ֻǣͬǣۡĴڣ־Ϳɣ¹ǲڡ
ȻǺ䤱ֵĺ½ѹȣ
˲󡭡
ǰ澰ʢˣһ
޴ڵķ֣޴ڵ͸֡
ʱ
һԴ
䡢Զبš䡢ءߡ
Ծƣ˵档⣬ᵱƽ̹̫ѭŶ㣬һ
˺ٵصһ飬յõʥء
иزԲ֮·Ͼ
ὫģеǧԪУԵ߿
һ嫵ԣġ
𺳵ͬʱһ㯺ľϲ
ǺεΪʥΪʥ
ѵ֮ϹȻиߵľ磬⾳νʥˣ
𺳺Իˡ
ʱֻһ죬ըһ㣬ֻһ޴Ĺ֡
˵νԵߣӦˣǸղλ˵֮ء
ֻҪȥҵ


478 
սֹͣˣ˿ȴơ
̹ŵڡ
ǺˣǸһж嶨зĻˡ
ǰؼ⣬ѹǶˣǵĴܴµĶҲ᲻ʿ

ȻʥĵḶ̌𺳵ͬʱеıˡ
ǣҲʼ˼Ҫˡ
üͷ꣬ʵѣ棬Ǵǰ˵أǷ˵ˣ
һ˵ͷȷǣڵǿ˵һ£Ҳƺ棬ǿٵصһ飬ĹŵĴڣһֱһǰĴսħ޲Tպд˾棬벻ǰŬ
˼עз˼̡
ѺĻԻ˵һ£ܵġĽû̫ãǲԪҲá
뵽νƽ⣬ʥƽ˫
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ۿǰ;ãˣҪˣȻƽ⡣
ô죿潲ȥȥʵ
⣿˵Ѿأ֮Ҫȥġ
겻ܴ潲ԪҪ˵ʥλԿӡ
˵ʥ˹λԼԵԼȥ֤һ£ģǺôҲɴʢ¡
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۽ȴԥ磬λѣʥѹ̫ǰ
۽˵Ȼʥôǿ̫ǰпҲ޷ӻˣ
ˡ
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ĽĶһѪڡ
Ҳ룬֮ǰѹǵԪ޽ɺѹ޴ʥ
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˵̫ǰȻܱӻǵģͷ˺ܶࡣ
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˵ꡣ
ǲ˿ǧԪǰ

һߡ
սܵ壬صϳѹ֡
ҪǺȻʥǿܻʧܣǿ綫̫һҲȻ
Լǿǵ̫ǿˣ˵Լµ
Ҳ򵥣˵׵ôࡣ
磬潲Ҫȥ𣿡
ȻҪȥǵĻᡣȻսˣۿȴûͿȻ֪ô
ʲô˼
ǽҪսʱʥⲻǣǧԪ˵˵̲̣ʱޱˣϵĻᣬﵽԲĲΡ
ֵǵ˴Բô죿ǲ֪;ǲˣҪҪ벻£ֻȥ̶֪֮ĲΣǱҪȥ
ţģǧԪȥ̫һ˵
һԵޱҲĿٵصһ飬ͼʦԼ̫ǰ˽ãǰʥһʱӵʦϢʦ˵ش䣬ǰ·߲ͨˣΨһİ취
Ŷ˵
ޱǵģʱ֮˴޵޴޵ˣֻ˿ˣֻ潲ˡ
ޱ̾Ϣ˵ǳ̫ˡ
ǰûõʱֻܴ󡣡
ۿͶ̫һȣĽĳڣǵһʱʱ͸Ŀʼ
ıȵľǳ磬ȵľǸš
ҡҡͷɢȥ뷨󣬵ۿɣʱԺսˣʧȥĵ̾͵ǣȷۺǱ𲻳١
Σʧȥ˺̣ܶղˣֻܽ
ս˺ܶˣҪʱˡ


479 
ɽ
ͷ󺹵壬ֵ໥һۡ
ӱ˴˵Уǿ˾ʧ룬ղŵѹǸеԼһֻϡ
̫ˡ
ͻиߵĸ֣ȷˡ
ȻеɻǣǵʥԼԴȻһ¶һ־ļ¶
ǺˣĬãԭʼʵ
꣬ͨҡҡͷ
ô죿ԭʼʣ
ܾأʵ
Ĭ˺ܾãԭʼ뵽˻֡
ʼΪԼǿ߹ĴڣıˣԪӴԪʦŴȵȡ
ǵĽɳѽܡ
̹ԪΣȻ㱻˴ŭͲĿ֪
ȥϺΪһֵѼ໥۵û˵ְʦһ
ǵ˵ĺֱӣԵ߿
ʲô˼
޷ǣİʦĿҪϵһȵġ
ǺѾ
ʦ𣿡ԭʼ૵ʵ
ʦĺǶ
ԭʼֵû⣬λǰûҪͽĽĶѣ˵ˡ
ؼˡ
ֻԭʼ˵ˣǿһ̽پλǰǿǷʦֺηƶٱһСѹˣƶܹˡ
ԭʼ뵽Ԫӵ˾ͷŭ
ǰͨҲ̾Ϣ
Ψӵλܵܿˣ޷Ҫǰʦ˵ʲôӦף
ףסԭʼҧǷ̹ŵĽӶں£˺̹ŸˣԶȥҲ˵ԸʷĽΪ˵ĵӡ
⣿֪ͺáӵ
˵ԭʼ˵ȥֵֵǷĽֵãǷֺηǲֵȻܷ

ӣƣ
ǴӦˣҲԼĽҲ׵ķڸĽˡ
ԭʼ˵öԣ뱻ѹˣľˡ
ǺԼҪģǷĽΣ
̽һµֵܣˡ
ǣ׼ͽȴûʲô
ħѹ󣬾˷ܵ˵Сӣ컻صˣǵĻԵˣǰϵ˵ľǽҪƿغĵ֮ǰǷȴһĻᡣ
׼ᣬ
һϲʵǰ
ϵƭЦҲǱĺס
ǰʲô˼
ߣʲô˼ǰǵõˣʥӦˣ˵ܸĵǵõԵ𣿡
ǣ׼ǰ˵ȻͶȡɱҲΪǵĴ˾٣ʡȥ˺鷳ҪôӶĸ컻أ
ҲԡȻǱϲ˵ơǱȷкôǼסôǺôƣܻΪһ̸ġҪϵ㿼أûͨԼʧȥ˻Եܹ˭
׼һˡ
ǰ˵ûˣǿҪʧȥԵ⣿ǸǺã׼

ôżЦˡ
СǣøǵҶˣΰﲻˣǰƣΪʥˣ˺ˣƲˣ߳ŭϵ鷳ģǵඡ
ħ̾ϢʥˣҲƲˣֻܿ׼ͽˡ
סҪκεĻᣬƱˣʱҪƤҲ޷һΪǿ󡣡ħ˵ʧˡ
ʹˣܲܵõԵȫ׼ͽˡ
Ȼ
׼ǲ֪ǣһǵġѡһȥˡ
ǸˣǸ𽥱˿Ƶĺˣƴ˺˵ļһζúʹ졣

صɽŮ洣ԥʱ
컯Ĵˣ˵ԼĻԵˣȥֻҪȥУĲùˡ
ŮҲȻʦ˵ԼȥǾȥˡ
صŵ֪ң̫Ըδ֮·
ںģ֮ϵĸһ㶼򲻵ˣԼҪֻȥң̫磬ںǲܵġ
ʦ˵ԼȥܾԼĻԵһҪ̫ҲɽĻԵ
Ů洺ͷ˵һҲʱȥ
㡭
ȥĴܣѡȥ
Σѹ̫ˣǿ⣬ޱȿǣȻľ档
һߡ
̫ȻһЦ˺ȻñǰȥĴƣ
ҲãȥҲá˳ΪԪͽŮͽҪô
̫ʧˡ


480 ˣ

˺ڡ
᳤뿪ģ˵ڻпٵչء
˺ȴҪƹܺġ
̫˺Ĵ࣬ǿ̰塢ӣ̫;ÿϧ
⻹ûϵϵ޸顣
ͺ̫֮ʬý㡮ѡǳƺ
ʬѵһЦ˿ǺѿɳƺΪ˵ˡ˵̫ĳƺһ¡׾ͺá
ʱǺֻкϵ֮ˣҲɳƺΪ
ðɣô˵ˣ۵Ҳˡ̫
ȿȣһ죬Ƿġ
˵˺ȴΪ⣬Ҫϵ̫Ƕ㲻ġ
ˣ̫ҲֱʣʥмλʱĵıԴɼλ
ɰˡ˵˵δԲսڼ˿ˣ˺еѲõĻת󣬿űԴĳӡ
̫
ĶԻúԺ
Ҳ֪ЩܣʬԲǳʥ󣬺ܶѾ˺Уߺ
ҪһԪӣһŮ洣У̫˼һʵ
Ȼ˷ܵǣ˺һ˿ԥûѸٴӦˣ׷ʵѿɻбҪ󣿡
̫ɻô˵
ѵ󣿡̫ʡ
ҲʬԵģ˵˭ɣɸѡҲǴ֮ˣϵ֮ˡϵ֮УҪľ̫㡣
ֵɾʥ˹λ֮󣬲׵ѶԺĵҪǻתԺҪҪɴӦκβֵҪ󡣡
̫
Ȼ̬̫תҪԵġ
Ц˵Լƿ󷨺󣬽Լ
Ϊ׳ֻתֲԴ˺С硣
Լƿصk׳ĳԿ֮ˡ
˺ֵҲǳʥ󣬲֪Ϊˡ
ˡ˵ĺأֻ̫ס
ֵܷ²ǷֻҪҪһ᲻ܡ˺
ǰʶܱʾܶࡣ
˵˲һҪΪܡ˵ġ
̫ˣǰ̹ŴͶԼѺá
ԼԼ˵ԼĴߵϣԼĳɾͣĴߺϣ
ǣһֱ޷ʾҲǹ򣬲ֳ̫׽
βһˣ˳ˣֵͨ˺֮ڣԼ˵һˡ
Ǻǡ̫ЦˣǰΡʾ𣬱Ϊkֵܵأ
ǰֹ̫ܲҲܲ⣬̹ŵĻ˻ɡ
˺֮˵̫˵㡣
ԼȸţȻСʼԼȴǺġ
ֻκΣ˲֪
֪ȴԼ̫ܽʧ
˺̫Ӧ֪ǰǹ򣬹ֻܰչ᲻һ紴ߺ̹Ųһߺ᲻һ
⻰˵ꡭ
̫ˣˡ
̹ŴߣȷԼѺã˺ҪߣһԼĿǰܲ
ǣ͹ݻɡˡ
˺󡭡̫˺һ̸󣬺ˣŲ¡
λѴЭˣͺðˡ˵
Ҳܵĵģ˺ʥ󣬺Ϊˣ˺ġ
Ҳǣ˺̫Ҫ໥˳ۣǾѰˡ
ԤƵҪá
˽̸ȥһȡӡ
Ǻ˵̫ѣϵѴﵽԪ޽ɣҪѻһá
ԣʱã̫ʵ
˵һ۵²˳٣˺˵ҪģƹܺģϵʹҲˣϵüһҪʱ򿪱ٵˣϵãھͿٵ֤ԪΪá
˵̫꣬û˺ЭˣȻҲʱˡ
ƣ˺Ҳ˵ͷȻ˵ʬն˴ιˡѿɽ˸Դ֮޹ϸ𡣡
չ黹һ̡
ǺǷˣһԪ޽ɣһǴˡ
ҲáȴѵһЦʵϵ費Ҫһµţ֮͸ˡ
ȴҡͷ޷ˣȴ˵ˣǺغţѳ֮ˣǶԵѵĲ֮һ
˵ˡ
˳غĵţ˺ϵˣȴں
һֶԺĲ֮һ
һ
ܼ̳˵ˣɽ˸Դ
Ȼ˺޹ϸ𣬵ںĺôȴǺܶġ
ŬֻΪһϵ˵ˡ
һˣ
˵òһϵķϵˣԼûһϵˣ̫ˡ
ԣܽӹ۵ˣܽ˸Դ޾ºĻر
ɵԼУӵǿʱʱԴ
ķ˵ˣȴˣҪƹܺģĵ鷳

һ̸ǳ׵˴ʱľ棬Ҳ˵ĻرΡ
˺Żȥȥٵ֤Ԫ޽ɡ


481 ֤
δϵ˵ˣͺϺ󣬴ʱĺʩչʥ˼ķƿغΰ
˺ٵ֤Ԫ޽ɣ쳣ɣϿĸˡ
ʮԲһˣ֮С磬˺ʹú֤˺ԪΪһ֮ʶ
˺ָ֣ʵʣӽĵ
֤ʼѣԪ޽㶥⣬ֻҪչظĲ㾳磬ͿɲԪ޽ڡ
칦ɷָüǰһʣķֲ¿غͺ
˺󣬺ҪչعС磬ҲҪԼΪ˺̫뿪ˡ
صˣ˺̫һ𲼵ġ
̫ܾˣûҪ
˵˺ҪϺ˺ϵԼֵֻˣûкô
ԼͷҲã֪֪֪Լչ¶ʵ
ǣԪӣ̫ȴ֪ͨһԪǰýõʥ˹λ

̫ѯһ˺ʬֺ֤֮һȫʬ֤֮
˵ȴԲ֡
ΪԲҲãĴܼǽ³ʥ޾µĻۺиԪľ硣
οԪ޽ɵľ磬ԲѾѸˣûһٱ
º˽һ٣οǡ
ʥֻҪºͺʥͿɣȥľ硣
Ҫи磬ҲҪνĺ
ҪԲֳƿصĴڹڶࡣ
Ѿƿصĺ桢½ѹüˣٶ༸Ѱ졣
˵Ѿи򵽺ڵ롢ˣǾͱʥƿضˡ
ʥƾ鱦ʬ鱦һǣÿԺںϣͨʬƿʥˣԼնʬ׼ʥ
ĸֽᶼƿ֮£ѹ˵Ұġ
ûƺֶΣĻأǾͲˡ
Ҫ׳ǿڶġ
ָ֣ٵиǴЩֺͽܴеĴܣѾĲǷ
Ϊľǽ棬ƿ˵ľ档
ֻҪļƻͿĻָıԴ׳һ̶ȣȫԽѹƵģʱЩһɡ
ǣ
ľ̫ᷢã
еǣҲһǰֵѾɲ֣Ҳֻܽš
ο˺˿ǻۣϵͺˣҲֻܸݹ
ȻߣһȷҲû˿
ҲΪԭ˶̫ƣкܶƺ⣬̫ûС
ȫ̫ͨĺõĽмƻ
̫һסˡ
ȴйͬĿģĿľ׳ģúĵһ㡣
ΪĿ꣬ǿֵģҲһ˵棬ɾδ
ЩҪƿص飬̫Ҳֻ˵Բˣ˭ǵĴ谭˺׳˭ǲǿأ
СԭΪ˺Ŀġ
ˣ̫˵һ
ѾԱ⣬ںԲҪ߹򣬵˺ĿԼƻһ¡˵˵
̫ȴһ̾ˣĪҪ̫࣬˵ƿر˵ˣǵ˭ƿأվǡ֮Դµ߶ѣܶԸıģܸıʼһСֶѣһС󻯾õľ档
ֵ̫οֻһֶѣĪҪ޲TֻҪͲƿȫֻѣĪҪľͲˡ
̫ɲ鶼Ԥ⡣
˺ֻܴһֶѣ޲Tʲô£
ߵĹˣγЩߵĹ򣬶˲ɺĸأ
̫վʱܵĴ٣ĺϵ󣬲Żף˿뵱Ȼˡ˺ͬ
ĺϵ߹󣬾Ͳ˿ƻˣΪƻҲãݱݱ䣬οҺãûʲô赲ǣܲõľ棬Բľ档̫
ʱ˻ûкϵ˻иҪƻ
κ̫һˮˣ߹£˵ôžôţǲܵġ
ɶܰŻҪ
Ҫ޲T
Ҫƽ
δ֪棬Ҫ׳󣬺γһ̽أ
Ҫ̽ССܳѣ
ıԴԭʼĵ֮Դ̫ˣҲԤ֪


482 
ʮһĩǧԪᣬǺĺƽһʱ䡣
ڴڼ䣬̫תʱյתɹˣҲ飬ķ£ĸűȴ˿̵ĺҪǿ١
˺̫Ϻͺתȥһ飬ǧԪʱյϣѾнڵڡ
ħں˻ɽʵﵽ˻Ԫɺڵĵز
ϵˣҵҵػʱյڹµļӳ¡
ϴȥϵΪ;綼кܴ
ԭڵľˣǧԪ󣬾Ȼﵽ˴޺ڵĲΡ
ˣ̫ʵ鳹׵ĳɹˡ
˺ģҪ˵̫ȥĲûת
̫Ҳûţĺ֮˴ССĵٸȫ˻ת
ڴڼ䣬̫оͻĸ̫ΪӻԪ޽Ĳ㣬˻Ԫ޽ĵز
źǣһֱǻԪ޽㣬ûнԪ޺߲ĵز
ÿһؿǼѡ
̫õĽٸ죬ռĺ֮е졣
ʵɹˣҲõĹˣ̫ûмȥ
Ǵʱ֮ȥĴز󷨣ĺ֮ĲѾԲˡ
Щ죬Ǵ˺̫޾СĹؼ㣬˺Сʱմ󣬽᲼Щϡ
˺Ҫ
壬Ҳ̫ǵ֣ŬĹԭ򣬺Ǽ忴˳׼ȥϣ
źǣ˽ٸ󣬴˺Ūˡ
ҪǼȥǾãò˶ãܾͻ᳹׵ϴ
ֻͽκΡ
ȻԺ潲һӣ˽۳Ĵڡ
µģںʥ󣬼ȫʧȥ˸;
Ҳ˵ȥû·ˣǶԺӡ
׷״ǰ
ķ衢ϋ֣Ϻĺ֣ܶȥ
̫絹ûȥΪ̫ѾնʬĹ¼һµĵˡ
ֻ̫鷢֣һôûУǴ̫ܼ
һ˭Զȥѧʲôնʬ
ϾǿǴ·
նʬȡɵֶβѧҲգһֶΣûҪɵɵȥԸֽš
ֻҪ۴ʲôطһûҪȥնʬ
ȻǶ̫˵̫飬Ǻܿġ
κУһȥģȥĶǴ޽ɲεģ޶УҪбֶβС
νǧͣɲֻȥǧȥų˻УֱûлԵѰġ
ϵģڴ˵ĸ֣һֵλˡ
˺󣬺νնʬҲͨǧͣģġ
ɺϵǡ
ǧԪὫҪʱһˣﵽ˴ԲĲΣһҲǴ޺ڵĲΡ
Ƿû·ˣȥС
ȥԤʾ㽫û·ߣֻȥ
͵һˣû·ˣֻȥ
潲ʮԪʱ򣬴޸ȫˡ
һʱĸ֣ռ˺ĵȫȥĶȥˡ
κΡ
ǷɳŲɳǿյʱ򣬺Ȼɵˣǲ˽顣
ǵһη֣ԭ粻ԼҲԼ򵥡
һ˸Ľ磬ڵŵһ¸ҡˡ
һȾǺܾãֱԪӵĵ˻硣
ԪӵĹ˺𾪡
ǵһԪӴ񣬹Ȼǰ֪εȲΣ
һΧ۵۵
ԪӴ񣡡
ǰ

˵صȺܶ࣬У˴޲εģˡ
֮ǰû˸׳ԣԶһ𿴱ôͨ
ȻҲûһҵģвٳԵģѾȫˡ
˲׵ĳˡ
Ԫڵһġܡһˡ
оԪӣһɱȵģǺͬεĴܱܶȡ
Ԫӵ壬̫ڵġ
Ԫ֮Ա̫չˣȴȻڴԭҪһ㡣
̫̫ϸˣҪΪһΣҪΪƽΪҪȹ̣ûһ˿©ȵȡ
ŵ£Ԫӱ̫ڹ͸ȴȻ˲ԭ
ʱš
ԪӽһЩĵֿʼˡ
κǧпͲǣȫˡ
ֱʱ
ܶŷ֣Ƽ򵥣װ
һǶȥ˵ޱΣյĻˣȥҲ
ˣܶˣһ˿նûУ˻紿粻ȥ
´˺һʱ䣬һĴ޸ַˡ


483 еĥ
֮ǰʥ֮󣬾ǰǰˡ
κΣǷ֣ƺʱǰܾ飬Ӧںεء
ʶǰҲã󱻴֪ǾʱԵʣʶûǰ
ֱǰĶܣΪﵽ˺ڻԲ֮Ƿ֣ǣֱˡ
ʱ䵽ˣ˸ʱˡ
Ԫ̫ڵͨݷڶȸ
úˡ
̽һ󣬵֪ԪѾˣ˺ơ
һӼ籦ס˺Ҳ˻С
ͬһĻȻúܶ಻ҽĸֺĽ
ȻǱѰ籦ݴǺ칦дȻȫɡ
ǰ˵Ե߿Ե߲Ǽ򵥵Եߣʵĸ֣ǡ
ûմĸǣ̾Ϣѡ
ֹ˲á
Ů洺ͷˣһһ̽󣬾硣
ãԪӵʦ֣˵ԪӵѼ룬ǰԪӵѵһ
Ů˵ͷһģȻҲܰȫݣȻʦ˵лԵǿЩ߰ɡ
á
˺󡭡
Ů洼˰ס˽˻С
һĻ˿档
ǷûŮ洴İԪӴһʮƷİϺϢҲһ£
ףˡѵİ
ݴĴ󶥼̨컯ҵ½컯ڴ˵û˼ʶҵڤ鱦ǰĶħ޲T鱦½ҲûֹȻҲ˵ںԪӴŮ洴İȴĴ̨֮УҲ֪кأ
źʥ
ȻģڴǰһЩܣҲˣûйսĺ
ǡôֵ֪ܶˡ
˵صĸ֣ǡǡǺ߲ĴڣȻ֪ĺܶࡣ
ǲ֪ܣкܶ࣬Ĵ̨˲²
ǣΣֻܲ²Ľ
˺ۡ
ۿ塣
ʮףֵܵȡ
Լڤӡơĸ׼ᡢȵȴܶˡ
ǵ֪塢ԪӡŮ洡˵ȶѾﶥܸͨҲ˻硣
ǽŵ׼ͽ
ħ˵Ƕп飬ǶȲ飬ǱõԵ
ֵܱ˭õԵŬŬΪľǴ˿̡
ʦ֣֪кο飬һҪСġ׼˵
İʦܣΪ֪Ŭܰ׷ˣζҪȹ⿼飬ǰ˵ֻҪǶȹ飬߹֮£ºҲܶôҲΥ
ģһҪɹ׼ᶨ
˺˽˻硣
ȻĴָǽ󼸺ûָͷӬ
оԵˣֻܸűˣΣ鲼Ļ磬ױȻֵΣϸ档
˵׼ͽޱȵļѣʱţǾܵĥһһΡ
еĺɨĶˣųɺ˶ЩϣֻҪЩԼԼȡǵˣӶϵɹ
׼ͽ󣬺һ֣׼ֵĥѵԴ
ãֻҪ춨λͿɣҲȻ
߹£ûɱֻ֣谭ĥѣ谭춨λС
ʱš
ǰڻȴģ˷ģҧˣǡ
Σ鲼Ļ磬ȫڴˣˣĶѸٵļɡ
鱦ȴȫ
ò˵ҲһƣСģҲ㶥ģֻȫǧ͡
İ꣡
һĥѵĴܣڸףʱĴˡ
ҵˡ
һҵȻԪӣ󣬻Ȼ䡭
һ޴ĵӳǰΡ롢䡢ÿһƺȻɡ
֮أõһοԪˡ
Сͯ˹ԪӶû֡
ԪӵѡأӺĵͯ׵˴˿еĵͯ˵ˣҲϹ켣ˡ
һԪӣԪ͵˹
λ֪Ԫӻصȴ֪γƺ
ǺͯӣأԪӵѵһȻ
ѡصѣλˡ
ûУȴˡ
ǺǡԪһЦûлش


484 
ԪһʱĬʱ
ʱ
ܡܵˡ
ֻʱӡԭʼͨˡ
;УĴˣ籦˵νоա
˿ԪѾʱȻܲܡ
ڽӣѯһغ죺Ǻ
ˣΪԪӱ磬թе֪ʵĸо
λ˵ؾүүͯͯŮ졢ء˵
ŶлѡӺܿ˵
زģǿãͨҲòĵ˵ͷΨԭʼܲмĿһء
ԭʼǻĵˣݲòʶķһ˽ܲˡ
ԭʼ˵һʲôãһţߣ
ǶԪ˵ġ
ԪӱʾҲʶ㣬ֱӲᡣ
̫Ԫ˵ֿ̫ѣԪԾӣڴ˷
ԭʼƵû
ԪӲᣬԭʼ˷ܡ
˷ԪӲҺԪӵӡ
ܣ˵䡣Ҳ˵˵
زģͲܲ£Ӷԭʼ
˵ĵĸ֮󣬷һЩһѾԽԽˡ
ӵĻԭʼһƣҲ÷硣
ǡɡ
ʱٶȺܿˡ
ҵˣ
˷ܵĴЦ
⵹ã޴ӷйԭʼҵĿˣë׵ιʴ֪Ǻε𣿡
һ仰òԭʼͣһ仰˷ֱܵŭա
ŭԭʼƺҪ
ʲôѵ˵Ĳ𣿵֮أι޹ԭʼǳ
㣿ܱƱǿ˼ֵԼɲ˵һ˾͹Լܵġ
ֻŭԭʼзһҪ
λ԰꣬ĪҪͻүͲˡԭʼҲµʶ
ʱҪվֹһˣͲˡ
ߣԭʼССͯӵĲ廰ܲȴҲû˵ʲôŭһֿۣԪһۡ
ȻԭʼǽˣֻͯӺҲû£е
ԼȻͯӣԼǻҪھԶȻԼû
ԪӺãǵͽܣòͽ
һᡭ
Ů洺ͷˣŮ洿ԪӵʱԪҲЦЦŮʦá
Ԫʦ֡Ů洸æӦ

˵ϣһĿɿڴ
˺ʱҲͬˣ
ԪӵͬžȻôࣿ
׻жͬţ
Ϳ£ǵʦʲô
Ȼ벻ͨҡҡͷʱȥ˲⡣
ֿһ뵽˺档
ǾãԪʦѵĹ棿
ֻҪܵõϲݺΪʦôͿ޾Ԫӵʦˡ
ò˵ΪŮ洺Ԫӵϣǰ̽һµ˱仯

ԪӺŮ洼򵥵Ľ̸һ
ǰʯʦ˵ʦãһֱûݷʦãΪֵĴԪӵ
ԪǿĵģΪСʦãԼСˡ
ŮȴʦֿˣӦʦðݷʦֲǡ

ʱš
ۿ̫һȣꡢڤӡۡĸ񡭡ˡ
ֱﵽ˶ǧžʮˡ
ʱȻվ˳λѣʱѵڡ
˵꣬ĴԼˡ
ʱŵģͷˡ
ڼļ֤һʱ̵ĵ
ԥҪҪȥλԽԽãǶԺĵĸԽԽ
Լһжжģһжд־ġ
ǣ
ʥλӾǰƴһѣǲĵġ
ʶͷˣ˲ˡ
κΣ
˿߸ŵʱһ˲䣬˾ò򵥣
Ȼʮֵļҡ
Ԫ磬ǿſڣ˲ʩչǰһλá
˶ʱ壬ǿһ˲˺ܶˣѸٵռ˶ĵλá
ԪӼˣæְԼʦãҲͬԼã˺Ů洵Ŭ£ٶȺܿһߡ
ǣߣ
ŭŭԣֻ˶ΣŮĵλ
һŵᣬ棬˭û뵽Ϻ˵ĺôǿȻӲ˵߸λϡ
ۣҪᣬȴĲţҪᣬȴסˡ
֪Ҫˣȴĳޣĳޱ˵סˡ
ò˵˵档



485 һۣ׼
ڣ߸ţһλȻԪӡ
ڶλӡԭʼͨ죬λŮ洣λλ˾÷˼ĺơ
䶨ĽĿϵˡ
ͷȴ棬û뵽б仯ԪӴȻȥˡ
ңô߸ɻ
ڵ˺ȴǺ⣬׼ͽûأԼ˻ԵͲҪϵˡ
ڣڴſʼ硢Ȼһ塢תһƽ⣬̲
֮һһһһ棬ƺǧ̲Уÿ˿Ҳͬ
ģܶиĿʼ˼
ǧŰپŰλܣ˺ĴʱˣҲľ
Ƕܽ
Ȼ
Ϊ˴ľЩ˵ʱۿĴҪرյʱ
ʱ

һƴæĸ·ϼٵĺ
˻ͷʱ򣬷֣һǱĴ˽
׼ͽ
ֵڻгԾ˿ͷʧˣҺüͲεԸǼ
װžʧȥֵھҪʱ̣߳˻硣
뵽ħ˵ģп飬˶ԺԹ޵ģ˵ãҲ˵
Ǳ߽ʱڴЦĿǣһǱܶЦˡ
ͷ費룬ڼ֤һĻһĻҪǲһ棬ǾͰˡ
Ȼ
ֻ׼Ȼʹޣ˲俴˺ƣҲ뵽Ҫеļƻ
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ʦ֣ûòиĻᣬȴΪǡ·;ңԶǸˣȴ֮棬Ǳ˶ҪΪԶ潲ȥô齻
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ΨЩ֪˱Եģһ룺װʲôӣ
ء׼һΪĿĲֶεģŵÿ޵˺ѷΡ
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˭뵽˴ΪϷݣҲмǵˡ
غ˭óԼλأֻҪɵû˻
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׼һԼıݣȻûСжһˣˡ
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ʱ
ȵȣλѵһ¡
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Ȼ־ãԼΥġ
λڿ࣬ΰԼóλΣ
еһ
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ƺȻվλѴȴ󱯣Ϊ࣬λλϵøˡ

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׼ᣬȴ˲˾ں˵վʱѾжˣѸٵ˺óλϡ
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˿Ů洣ǿԣ˵ԪӵʦãĸҲţҲǡ
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ʱŭˣ
ôԴԼǳأ
Ǳԭʼѣ˺ĵۿͶ̫һҲԼۣҪǣ˵ҲԼˡ
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ҪŭʱԭʼȻˣλ˵Ķԣʪѻë׵ҲҺͬ
ԭʼ֮ǰͿ˳ۣ˿̳ûˣֱͨҡͷ
㣬ǣŭˣ֪
ǣкǣۿͶ̫һ翴˳ˣ£ô壬ⲻǺ˹ȥ
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ȻܶˣʵԭʼǾ仰Ƿеģʪѻĺܶ࣬ԭʼһ仰һˡ
ϋ֡ȣ۹ⲻƵĿԭʼ
ԭʼһ㶣ˣˣ˵ˡ
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׼ʱˣŭʱʼ͵Ϯˣ߱һˢֱ޷бš
ҲȥʱɲҪʱѣֶΣ
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Ҫ֣ȴͷԵֹˡ
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Էй׼ͽѾȥô죿
οͯѾˣԼҪڶ֣»ϰ
ֻҧгݵĿ˿ԭʼֿһ׼ͽ˳Ϊλ׼ᣬԼ޹ǣĺƶݺݵĿһۡ
⼸쵰סˣһҪ
˳𲻱Ĳ
ֻдŸĵԼʧȥ˶ĻԵ
ƺԼ˲ʧȥ߳ɣޱȡ
оԼʧȥһҪĻᣬȻ˿̻֪ǺεȵĻԵ
ǣڤڤеĸָǲġ

һĻ
һۣꡢ裬ԪӵĿ࣬ڵ˺ꡣ
κιߵĹѸİ
׼ͽˣ˼ҶȹˣҲû취ˡ
ô˵ʲôţ¶棬ȴϷ̫˺ǰЦʵ
̫Ӯˡ˺εһ̾
ʱ䵽ˣϵýˣ治ǰȥ𣿡˺ʡ
ȥˣȥķͷˣڴ˿žͺáֲ̫ȥַͷûҪ
ðɣϵȥˡ˺˵ͷ
ʧˡ
ۿһĻ̫ҡҡͷ
ںƵľٶʮֵĲ⣬Ҳûȥ̽飬֣ᷢơѷǡơ


486 
浽
ˡ
ž죬ǧļñĻ̡̻
ݻһ󣬷֣һòŵϵѾǰ
ԪһĪ⣬بŶرԴ
һĪѹȻ˲Ծμ档
һ棬һΰݣ̫
֮˿ʼ£֮ƮϢ͵ѹʤˡ
ǰʥ˳ڵ˺̼ﵽʥڵĲΣ־£˶Ϊ̫̾Ϊֹ
ȻЩأǧǲ֪ġ
ֻǸоٿʱ򣬵ƺֱˣøĪˡ
ʥ𣿡ڴܸ̾
ƺһˣһϡ
̨ϣڴܣĿأһ޴ѹɨˣһϵˣĿ׼ͽ
׼һţû˵ʲô
˺һԪӺŮ洣ὫΣÿԪᣬ˺λͰøġ
˵꣬˻񣬺Ѿʼˡ

س֮ǰɣ⣬ģжΪĸ᲻֪֮ԻǿΪ֮Ի󣬴ԻţԻԶԶԻʣ󣬵ش󡣡
ɵǳǳ֮ʼ֮ĸʳޣԹУԹ衣ߣͬͬν֮֮֮š
׵֮ݣΩǴӡ֮ΪΩΩ㱡⣬󣻻⣬ڤ⣬о侫棬š
⣬ҡ֮ǣɶСΪСɶΪΪղΪ󣬹ܳ󡣡

ʥ˽ֻͬӿŮɢϿʱѹʱ͸ʱ紺
ϴӺеֻʱЦʱü˼ʱޣ̬졭
źϼ̨ԽԽѡ
֮ǰܹ⣬Ǵʱȴȫ֪ƣֻǰŵʿܹһǰ߸ϵࡣ
ԽԽɬѶʹǰŵҲԽԽѡ
ڣֳֻ˶ֻ㿪ʮƷмĵ֮ɫ֮һɫıͷųƹ֮ӵȾýģ컨֮һŰͼ¯ӣ¯ȼףǰϽ¯
֮ԭʼҲԳֻԭʼƹţ߹ѣм˻ʽɫһյƣƹƣֻ֮Ϸ棬ԭʼҫͨ졣
ͨλֳԷų˶׳Լֻм˻֮ϣһ̨ϳɢ컯ΰ컨֮԰ɫâĴ󴸣鱦ϵ紸
Ԫţ֮ϣϳʹԪһƬ˸
ȣԪԵʣǺ˲ֻͬһͷԷ࣬ǿһɲսսصϢȻ
У׼Ҳͬħָ㣬޴׼ָ֮ĲͬҺɫļ֮⻷ƣ׼֮ڤ֮£
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ͬҲء
˵ʱȫԵ޵һͬ˴νǸ컯ǧӴݻԲϵͳһν
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ʴˣ´ԲţҲ˴ˣߣֱɢһָΪޡ
ߣȴǷ첹ֲԼĵ
κΡֱԽǷ֣첹վУǰûдޣ˿ˡ
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ǵĴܣԪӡ塢׼ᡢŮ洡ڤӡ󡢶ȵȡ
ǿ󣬴ҲǶ࣬ʶҲС˺ܶ࣬Ϊߣߣ˸ĵĵҲ࣬ʹˡ
תۡ
ԪĽҪˡ
˴˿̣ɫѾˣһɫʹǿм䣬ʱɢ
Ψˣƺһɲ䣬˾ڵһԪӺ͵Ů洡
ʱˡΰСĵӣǷֵ潲Ҳ޷һ¶ѡ
ΪʯǶԺ֮һ͸ȫûκεϰ
ȻҲǺ˴νֻ޽ԲԵʣҪǽնʬ֮׼ʥ֮Ҳܡ

˻ںʱȻȻֹһʱ䷴Ӧģ߳飬Щֵľٶ
ҿһѹԺϷѹסˣõӱѾʧ޴Ц˹
˴νȥɣԪȿ֮رգԽĪҪѰҡ
˵ꡭ
û˵ͷѾʧˡ
˶źʧĵطٴݡ
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487 ǰİ
һνˣڴںߺ󣬿ʼֹ
磬˵ǲɣ㿴Ҳã潲Ԫ֮кô
˯һףڶµôĿɿڴ
ܶһμ׵ģǰŴ磬λˣûϸĴڳĵѡ
һſʼ໥еཻһ
ףûڣֵĻ˺ܾȡ
ǣû˵һԵĶ̫һѾ̲סˣףڴսȻսĺʹ죬ֲжԵĹϵ
˶̫һ³ç֮ˣ³çûУε洫ȴڮ٣ȻСˣοӲԪ񣬴³
ףڶʱŭˣ̫һ˵˭Сˣ˵˭ӣСҴ򲻳ɣ
˭³ç˭Сˣ˭ף塭Ͳ˵ˣ
̫һҴ򡣡ףƾҪ֡
סףڲ³ç˵زǽ֮ء
˵Ŷ̫һ߲̹ڣ˭ӻ˵أ֮˽ҳѣҪš
ĳ޴֪ģʶһԿ֡
ǣҲ˵Լ̹ڡۿ̲סˡ
ôøѪȲ𡣡ףӻ𱬣ֱ
ԭʼһ˴һһˣºܶëסŭǡ
ʱԭʼҲˣ̹ڲ˭ռΪеģֵ̹ԪȲ̹ڣǣǺǡ
ԭʼĻˣΪìܣû뵽̹ڶҪˡ
̹žѪ̹ԪǺ⿴ìܡ
ԭʼѴԣˡһü˵ʵǴ㽻ģô˵ǵĹϵǸϵġ
˸ԪȸѪιìأͽЦ

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ȴܲϷһȰ衣
Ϊ;ٶӺ⣬δܽύһ¡
ңӵһǰڣԭʼĳ
Ӿãɶȥˣ򲻳Լ˵ĳˣ鲼ġ
һǳԭʼԭʼɫÿҲˡ
޷ӻͦصģ˻Ӧ
ߣԭʼȴŭԣһķŭͲԱߵͨҡҡͷ
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ΪֿԭʼˣΪ̹ڼֹֿˡ
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ڸ̾Ϊƺ˵Ǻͺˡ
һĻ˲ˣΪǰΪѾ𾪵ˣҲܴĹǴΡ

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˲䣬ĳת޸˺ƣöǸĺƣԼʧ˴Ե
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ǰǳҪȥչظһˣҲŵһν
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˺͵վˣ̫˵ȥֺ«ˣ̫Ѳȫռ˰ɣ
ⲻУµģдʹ̫ѣƻ򡣡
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뿪壬ɫܲÿ֮ǰûиԭʼӣǳԭʼܡ
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Ů洵ĸˣȴ˵ۿĶ
˵ѣͬΪĴܣϸ˵֮һ壬ȻȴǽȻĲͬҰ˽֪ƶ˵Ѽ壬λ˵ͬ
ۿһϯ˵ĺǺ
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ۿͶ̫һһۿ߸«ʱ֮ǰһе㼤
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491 ڵԭʼ
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һ仰ԣ̫һۣͺһŲҽпѪ
̫̫δն̹˵壬ûʥ壬ȷƺ
Ԫ̹ŵĵӡδʥƺҲ
ʶ̫һۣ̹ŵӡѹʱԭʼˡ
عغʵûʵװ嶼С
ʥԷ㡣
ûʥǰҲϣϾҲ̫ȨҲҪά
ʶһ仰˵ԭʼʱùˡ
˺̫һѹɨһ̿֡
ڳǾȣ˺еŭѹɨͨӸоˡ
ⲻ˵ֶΣ̹ŸĵӡԼĲǵͲԸ߲ıȻ
ǰǰˡҧ
ͨҪѹܵס΢΢ӶҡڣƺϾ͵
̫ѹ˺󡭡
磬ѹûˣҲ˲ʧˡ
֮˵ĵģģľңҾϺӣԽҲ֮
ԭʼ˿ֺ̺ܱܾţһηԼСֻڱ˵һ䡣
Դӳû̫ˡ
ң²ǰĵˣ֣ԼԵĸо
ѹԼԼԪӡҲ˵Ĳ
ѹ壬ŵԭΪû
Ϊ˵ȺõɱϣƱΪճ˵̹ŵ뱾ͬѣƱҲûԡĪҪСˡ
̫ѵ
ֵǿ̹ŵѵϣԴСҲҪͷһ٣֪
֪ǰϢŭԭʼ̫ĻѾ׾ˡ
ߣ̫һŹԭʼ
Լ̫ԭʼǷѵ
ۿͶʳƺԼǰŮ洳ƺԼʦԼǰչʾѹҲǿԿӵġ
ǰ£ԭʼԴĳƺԼѣĴˡ
ʥûûɳ֮ǰϡ
ȸţ̫֮һأ
ӺͨҲˡ
̫˵ģΪȺõճ̹һģֵӺͨķڷˡ

˺̫ſʼ«⡣
ɫĺ«ȡ˰ɣ̫ˡûˣԺƵ
⣬ллǰͷ亹ĺƼ
ȡ˺«Ҳ뿪Ϊ̫ڶ
ȴ˵̫̽ƺ󣬸еһɡ
ƵĵģôѾɢǰףֱ;ĸо
̫ɻ
ơ̫ѯһ¡
ǰƽŵĻش
ţؽš̫㼤ʲʲôʶ˵˵㸣Դ̹ŵѳʱһõ˺п칦¼ʵһһĸԴ֮ˡ
ơ
̫һϯ˺ƵĸţúĿɿڴ
㱾¼ԸŲףһԵҲ
̫һ٣ڳĶܽţλܵ̽ء
֮Դֱֵ̫̳޴ĵҲ˵һ
˲ºƶԼ
ʱܻζ֮ӣűǶǿǡħ޲TҲǡ
̫ˣ˾ͽ𺳡
һĵ棬һݴħ棬Ȼ򵥡
Ȼ̫ǿĵۿŮ洵ȣûǰ㾪ȵġ
Ϊף˭ֻܿǰλĪΪѹüʱ
кܶһ񣬱ԴǿбһֿѽлλֿѺ˶Ծǵߵɱˣȴǲ᳹ģѵңͱڤԴɾˡ
⻰˵꣬ˣԼɲңĴ
һ˾Ǳ˱ڤ֮ӶΪɾ˵ǰʮܡ
ֵеңӦǱ˰ɣԵɺϱõҲʱң
̫ԺƵҲ档
ۿͶȴɣǺܶܲ˵ôǰɶ˵
⣬֮֮ԴĴУԴ棬汻޲Tɱб޲Tһ֮ȴֿȣǻ֮һС
̫渵ԼĴС
ǰԼյõʱҴˣû뵽ԼλѾĴܵ
ԣ㲻ͬڵۿǣۿ̫̫֮Դ̹ŵѵ۾̹ŵ󱻲ʶԪ壬̫ǵĵۿ̫һֻ̳ˣ̳㲻̳ͬеĲͬ
˵ˣ͵ۿѣҲġ
ԼҺü̳е̹ŴĸԴ̹Ŵûͺá
ǰ֮Դѣ˵Ҫʱ޲T𣿡̫ʵ
⻰꣬ۿæҡͷһ
ǰָ㡣Ƹо˵ﲻֻͨһӹˡ
ǰθоԼԣֻһֵ뷨ԼĻѹסˡ
ֻվ̫ǰʱ䣬סҡĸо
̫ɣǰоԣû׷ֱղű𿴵㣬̽Ԫ񣬷֮ѾɢĸоһħϢѾ㱾Դںϣħʱ޿̵Ӱ㣬ı㣬Ը仯ֵܴΪ;ٶܾ㡮Ϻˡԭ򡣡
һò
˻͵ۿŮҲˡ
ԭˡ
Ǵǰ;ãûкĵǰأԭԵɣ


492 ֪ң
ǰң
Ƴ׿ˣԭԼġˡԭôģԼ뵱˰
Ϊξ㣿̫ʵ
⣿ˣ
ǰΪξԼ
ңңǰΨΨŵŵģȴ˵⡣
㵱֪Ǳ𲻾㣬ǰǷµ̫ˣ֪Ϊ˶֪ǰΪǷ˶𣿺ο
ֵ̫ο֮ԴѾħ׵ںˣѾˣˡ
˵ꡭ
һûʲôˡ
ΪԼѾûǰ;ˣǰ;ˡ
Ҳ赣ǡ
Ȼ̫仰úֻ˹Լˡ
ǰƼĶµ
ĪҪˣֻҪ֪̫֮ˣӱûõģǾһȥɡһδһǳɫ«ĻԵúü׵ġ
̫˵˵׼
ǰ͵ʱΪԼԽԽ̫࣬ˣδûжԵġ
Լ˵ã˵Ƶ˻ᰴԭ켣ҪԼ˵ˣ»µĲۡ
˲˵ƣҲԤⲻ
ǡƼɫ«·
ƽһ䣺ǰߣ֮Ϣڸ£֪ңһΡѡ֪ѵʱ̣ܲܣܲУ
㵹ˣõħѾںϣϸ˵Ϻˡ㡣˿̲ǼٵأԣΪҪأϺ˼ȥɣһʱͳ׸ˣʱҲˡ
̫˵ûа취ıƵˡ
ıĺƣǺ
ҪǲϺˣǴĸȻͶֻأɾһʥ
ˡ
̫ǰ˵ģԼѾ֪䱳̫ǲкã
οǰ˵ľ޴ܴ󵽳Լ
ԣججȥɣǰ˵ˣлһ̣һ졣
лǰָ㣬ˡ֣صĸ̫ͷл
˺󣬺еĲ뿪ˡ

ֱãŮ洲źʣʦղŶ˵ģ𣿡
Ů洺ĺܣ
Ϊ˵ˣ̫Ϣѹ£ң˵뿪̫ߣϺ˵״̬
ģӰ̫ղűĻоһΣһõ뷨ѣֻǵñ鱦סǴǰȺǺǡ
̫ҡҡͷ޲TֶԽԽˣȻıˡ
֪һ˵ԸͱԴһʥΪ޲TѶԸˡ
ۿ̫˵뿪󣬻ָǰ˵״̬Ϊ˸λһþе㺦µĸо
̫ǰһ޲TħǿΪˣǡ
ۿе㺦Լɺ
޷ƺ޲T̫߹ƺƣǺ޲Tȣİɡ
ֵ̫޲TƵֻǺģСģΪġȻʱ⡣
̫˵ۿֻˣԼᱻƣʣǲ̫ס
ֻҪԼ޷УҲȥܡ
ˣ˵Ĳ٣ЩԼ֪ͿɣĪҪ˵ˣ֪˵ֻ˵˵ˣ̫üһЩء
ԼôҲĴ
̫ˣǾ˵ģΪ˵ʱǻевǲеġ
ǣǰʦ˻Ӧ
ˣȻԵõ«ɢ˰ɡɫĺ«⣬Ҫо̫˵꣬صİɫĺ«
Ȼ«ܣ̫ã̫
̫Ѻ«ٺһϢҲȡ˳һĻ͵ۿۺ졣
̾Լ˵Ĳ㣬Ѱ«ٺŹ
ͺ«ٻǲ
̫«ٺϢ󣬲ûǸŮ洡
ǰʦûʦʦ컯ˣ«ٺϢҪغõúɡ
̫Ů˵
лʦŮ洽ӹ˺«ٺϢ˵
ˣˣȸҲҪչظ򣬻ȥɡ⣬ۿ̫һǵĴԵҪˣҲȥչظɡ
˵꣬ɻУ̫ʧˡ
һĽ
ۿ̫һȴܼ̫˵ˣм٣ǲ֪ԵǺΣ
ȴ˵ĸоǸĵѣԪӵʦһǿ׵üָ͸оޱȵĿա
ΨŮ̫뿪󣬱뿪ˡ
̫˵ģǰܶ࣬Ҫչظһ



493 ͥ
̫̫硣
󷽾ߣȡɫĺ«
̫磬̫ɫ«һ̣עҪ̫ˡ
̫ٿ̫ʶʼɫ«³ɳΪ«١
Ȼ
̫ʶٿ£ɫĺ«˲仯һŽɫӣָ̫£С
ǰɳϢ˿̱Ϣ棬ϾˮĹȣ̫̽һ󣬷Ǻ«ˡ
ܺã̫˵
ŴƷѾ˰˸ѾŴƷˣܺãܺá̫Ц
žߴдд̫⡣
ȴǾͯͯŮͺ˹
ֻǵСһʵүá
ţ̫ͯӲأ⣬еĸо
̫Ҳû⣬ϲģͯͯŮǰ̫ģ̫Ȼ鷳ǳ졣
ͯͯŮһ˻㱨̫ڵڼ䣬̫¡
ʲôСȥˣʲôӳˣʲôݲժ˵ȵȡ
̫ʱ컯Ϣ˵ǰֵ̫ˣܲúܻΡ
̫û⣬ҲͺͺĴȺһ𣬲ֵӣҲûܡ
̫ģʼĺ֮Ľٸ졣
ΪģҪĲ֣̫̫һʱȥĺ֮ˡ

һƽ
һν󣬸·ܷ׷׵Ŀʼ˱չء
ǰΪûĵ͸κԲĽǧ֮ڴ˸Բıչڼ䡣
壬չ鱻ۿͶ̫һԼޱ˵ˣ˴塣
תۣѾȥʮԪᡣ
ڴܴӸгˡ
壬ۿͶ̫һ뵽˴ǰ̫˵ĴԵһֱڴʲôԵأ
ǲö֪
ǰۿַ˶һǾͨ󣬰Լİ鱦ͼ齻
֮ǰۿ;鱦дܴڣһͨоܾʼоȻ
ַ˺ܾͨ󣬽˷ˡ
Ȼûõۿʧڤڤָ˷˺ͼܡ
һɽ֮ܡ

˵ѣûɣôûз֣
ɽĶۿʡޱˡڴȣŵѰʲô
ģƶļ֮ƶǰݺͼ飬ֶҪĻԵĵصɽ˿϶˵
˵꣬Ȼӡ
˼Щ꣬Ѿ˺ܶĹס
֮ǰ˾ͨ㾫ͨȴУΪо˺ܶ󷨡
Ƕϵ󷨣ýСͻУռ˺ܴϷ硣
ȻںĴܶڷ˼𾪵ġ
嶼ǣǴֻз˼壬Ů洲ûС
˺ܶ࣬벻ǵ岻ˡ
ʴˡ
ɽϣԷ˺ӵǣֿʼѰҶߡ
ʱ̫һȻһ
磬㻹ǵôǰ˵дԵǲԵǷ˵ݵĻԵ
̫һ̫Ļͷ˵ݽæʵ
ףۿһ㶣˵ġ
˺˸˵һ´ǰ̫Ļ÷˸϶ˡ
Ȼ˵ˣԼָˡ
ǣȻһ
ǲŪˣȻޱ˵
ޱѺ⣿ۿʵ
㿴˵Ǹݺͼݳģ˵Ǻͼ鰡ûĿĵѰǲеġۿѲ߶ͼ飬˵оϲޱ
ţۿһ
ޱ˵Ķԡ
ţԡ
ֻۿ˺ͼ飬ռǺͼԶķڿС
䡪
ȻһֻĶܸӦĵ
ɽײ嶼ˡ
Ǻͼ飬һһһĿУ˲Եʱ
ֻǱһգȻһֻճ˾޴١
ǿռһ
¡¡

պȻһ޴Ŀռ䣬ռŨǳ֮
һĻ循ϲˡ

Ũǳ֮
ôܣ
ܾȡ
ߣȥۿѹס˷ܣ˵
롣
߲㣬սǿռһʱɵˡ
ӳǰһ޴š
֡š
˵أǽһ̣һС
ͥ

ۿ鲻Խѿڶ
󣬾ѹ߲ͬĵ˵ͷΪҲõʾΪͥ



494 ʮ죬ж
ޣǧֻţ̳ͣϻϣױɡ
ϲһʱ伤ơ
š
̿ɣڸˡ
мϲŽҫճмţŲյ
ϼϻӳ⣬ڶڡ̨ϣǧǧ겻жҩ¯ߣسݡ
ǳʥ¥ǰɴ£ǳãܽعڣ̻Ի͡ģ緽¡
Ũǳ֮͹ĺƵˡ
ããȻĻԵͥĴӪ
ȣʡ
ʱ£һͳġ

ǰĵһɨգе潲˵Ϊֵõͥ彫׵
˺󡭡
ۿܵķԸ֣׵̽ͥϸ㱨
ȥ̽飬ֱǧʱ䣬Űͥ׵̽һ顣
ʱͥʮ죺
죺̫ʻ졢̫졢ͯ졢̥ƽ졢Ԫľ졢Ħ졣
ɫʮ죺Խ졢̫졢졢졢ҫƮ졢졢졢˾졢졢̫졢Ԫؿ졢̫졢Զ졢ʼТâ졢̫졢˼졢졢޼졣
ɫ죺ͥ졢ԨͨԪ졢졢ֽ졣
죺ϳ졢¡ʤ졢졢ƽ졣
Բʮ죬Ҫݻǣ̫徳졢徳졢徳΢졣
ʮÿһض˶ޱȣ˵ʮС硣
˴ǰ죨졢졢죩˱Դǳӡݻ
ʶǳ֮Ũ
⣬ͥĳĴӪһԲͥƿǳ˵ͥǿսš
ںǿռ俪ٳʮ죬ͥ
Ĵڣʵۿϣˣϴϲ
λǱӻģҲسϵģ򲻿д˻Ե
ͥһ½Ҫ󣬴ǰ޼̵ĴӪ˴ηͥһ֮ǣͥ󣬿
⣬˵ؿƿǳ˵ǿͥϵһ壬Ҫǳ֮绢
ۿһ̸˵еϲ
ֵ˴ηͥ˵ѿΪ׹Ҫл˵ѡ
ǺǣҵЦ
ϲ˵ѡ
лʣΪ˴⡣
ʡ
ܷ˵ҵ乱Ŀã׷׸лĸлصĹء
һ󣬵ۿʵλͥǺ͵𣬱˻޴֪ǰսʿ𣬱ͥʽѸģλΣ
ۿ꣬ޱԡҵȻȰ˺ͥΪãֻҪ˺ͥϣͥǵˣҲʽĳΪĴӪ˵˵ͥѹˣҿǻʽͥΪá
ޱ˵
ۿѣǻȳ׵ͥںϣͥģ˭ܶߣҵȺ֮ͥͥ᳹׵ĳضʹú𶯣𶯾ͻúڴ֪һǿڴǰʽѸˡ
˵Ļһȡ
ʵûʽѸĵġ
˵˸壬Ӿһѡ
سϣѸģǲسϣڴܳϵġ
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ԣȫʽ壬Ѹˣصͥ
һܿǿ͵̡
ˣ˵˺ܼʽѸģسϺǵ˻˴˲Ϊ졣
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ˣܵõޱ˵Ĺ¡
һĶޱ͸¶һޱȿġ
ˣ顣
˵꣬Ҷͬˡ
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ۿһ˳һҪʽѸˡ
ⲻʿǿǿԵõ˵ļӳ֣ԵĿġ

ںͥҪĸ߲ĸӺĵҪ¡
ҺúڴܸձչظڶӦ˲֪İɡ
ֻҪ춨ˣǾһк˵ˡ


495 ͥ
˺һԪУ岻ɫģʼ·߲ͥ
ͥ壬ĺģҲʵǿһ
Ǵǰظĵ̣ҪͥҪĸ߲㡣
һܸˣһٺͥ
ʱĺģǵʮٵڡ
ʮһĩսʥ
ʱ˵ʮ٣ǿմǰ׷ս͵ħ֮ǿǾǣҲʼһλζˡ
еۿޱڣɵǿգǾʼɵƿǶ
ǿճ׵ƿ֮ˡ
ΨһǣûƿأҲ̤롣
Ǿ̫ǣޱλʦ֮أǰʱ˺볣һǰȥˡ
ޱԵۿܹԼλʦã˺ۿûʲôüĿ飬˶Ա˴˵ĸо
˺;ϲְˣ̫֮ԵʣԵۿ̫֮֮Ϊԡ
ʱδۿæѹҲûʱ࣬˺Ҳû̫⣬ϾǳҪһ
㡭
ںĴܷ׷ױչظĽʱ
ͥУĸ߲ĸ״˾ٵҪԣضǬҪ
ۿվڸ̨ϡ
ĶǣͥҪҪ֮ˣһͥںϣ˺ϵ̺ͥġ
һĵĽѪڡ
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ʿ㣬˺ۿķԸȥˣ׵ĺͥںϡ
ʮ󡭡
ˡ
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һ

¡
ʱ֮ͥںϺֻͥУһ˶֮̾ᣬˡ
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ˡļһ
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ף
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һʱ䣬ڴܶӦˣֻǸоĲβͬ
ͺñȶ֮һСϣǻԪɰ˲ĺ棬͸еһϤϢ̫޲Tֵ֮Ϣ
ȴֻеƺֽһݻɱ䣬һصĿռɹˡ
Ȼ仯ĵطһףڤĹ
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ڤͥȻʱ䲻һضǶԺޱҪĴڡ
ͥʽڤһ۳ˡ
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Σڤһ֪ԼǽҲֻأֻȻ䲻ȫ
ͥΪ֪ڤҲ仯ˣֻ֪Ĳѡ
ĺ̫֮΢΢һЦͥˣԼûȥˣٸܲǳײԼˡ
תתںĲˡ

ص𶯺㯵鲻ԡ
𶯵壬ƺе𶯴ɽ֮һš
Ψһ̾룺Ķˣ潲ͥƽˡ

ͥУ
ĸһǿᣬ׳ɹˡ
ͥʽǰ֮Ѿ̾ڴˣʽפͥͥ϶Ϊһ

̫һ̲סЦĸеһǿ˰ԼǴԲֻҪ֪·оԼܿͻƣһΡ
һĻеۿޱ˼ǿҵĸоǵۿǿס
ȴһ㣬ֻǸԲҪȹ̺͸
ǰʮǣһ׷ײˣ˼ǳ׵ĺĶʵˡ
ĵط
ǣҵȳɹˣͥʽΪӪܵ˵ǿǳưԺĵĵ
ۿ˷ܵ˵
岻֪شˡ
𣡡
𡢺𡭡
׷˻йż˷ܡ
˷ܹ󡭡
飬и߲࣬㿪ʼø߲ȥϾҪص̡
µĶսͥǺãҲˣۿʹΪԼ¿ˡ
Ҫһɸѡ壬ֻСĲסͥ
һЩΪ£ģۿһǽפͥ
ң𶯣õ
ҪƣҪ·ǰ֤ʽʽѸġ


496 Ⱥۣϣ
ڣ߲Ĵܡ
λô죿ۿʵ
һ㶡
ޱһλѣҿȫǰȥϺǲ˵ǵ뵽ˣ㿴ô
ţܺá˽ӻλƶȥϺϺܲ򵥣ǴǰûɰݷõҲԺϺϹϵϺ￴ƺƽ࣬ǿԽ˻ȥϺҲһǡ
˷ܵ˵˽Ϻǿ̫ˡ
ڿɼһ涼ѣҲָϺĸ£ܽύһԵ
һֵȷˡ
ϺǿĿãϺҲĵطǶϲԣ֮ˣЩõۿǺܷġ
ǰǧټƵȥϺһֱûɣˣҪǲӵޣɵ
еƶҪϲС
˼ãۿ˺ʣޱѣô죿
ޱһ㶣ʦϲ֣Ҳϲ鷳ӦòǿһԣǺҲǵӻ壬һֱԣûҰģŮӾӶ࣬һǿ£Ǻһ峤ҲǺ棬ͼʦʵǿҪһ˵⵽ˡ
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˷׷飬Ĵܼȫһ顣
ۿʣޱѣʶ㣬֪û뵽Ĵ𣿡
ʴ˻Եɣ֮ǰ̫ԼۿǽĻĹ¶
ۿ֮;ãܻк֣ܶ͵һʱĸִڣֻ˶ѡ
ףУֻƶ֪Щǰںηޱ
Ŷ˵˵Ҳ档
ޱ˵ͷĹŵĴܺܶ࣬νѺʣѾˣ֪ĵ𡢵桢ʦô
һǣ͵ۿ̫һλѺԵǻħ½ѹʦ˵ǰλǰӡ̫ǣʦֵ֮ʱų谭ʦֵ̫ѹɨֶʱ飬˺ʧˣ½ѹһܡ
ǣǰĺ棬˵ĺĺͨ컯Ƕ⣬ǰ͵鱦ѹ׷ɱŹ˺ҲʱȺ飬֮Ҳʧˡ
Ҳǿһüǰǻڶħռħڻоͺ͵Īཻһֱհ͵Լ˽̺ܺãĹš̫ʱ𡢵桢üǰˣõֿѣ˵ĴĴɻĴڣֻüǰѾüٲˣҲ֪ںη

ޱĽ˱ĸûᵽ
һ˵ǿʲôɨ½ѹ׷ɱĺôһ㣬дܶŰһ飬ôأ

һħ޲T˿ٵصħҲǴʱħԴͷиĴݴѾǵĶͷһֱ㱣Ļ𣬺ħа𡭡ֻǣλǲҪˣҲҪἰ˶ûô
ޱ־ҡҡͷ
ħսĻ𣬶޲Tµģľǿ¡
ȻۿͶ̫һףΪ̫˵ƷϺ˾ħŪãۿȻɵȥ
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ΰľˣ޲TġṦΰҵֵ÷˸̾
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ǰܣ£ǾͲҪˣǰܣֱʥ⣬֪ҪڵжѲ
ǺǣΣڵʽսʤħ棬ǵĶ֣ǰĿǰġۿҡҡͷ
úõܵģֳԶˣɵʱΪ֮Ѫڵʱ
ۿţЩǰǿ󣬵ҪôˣҪôʧܸˡ
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ԥһŵݼʦ˵̫ǿǿƻƽ⣬֣Իħֻ֮ǿͣû֣ںЭˡȻҲΪٲɱ⣬ҪͳϴԵû桭
ޱҧҧ˵ǣ̫ǿǿǰĿǣħ޲Tαħ֮ǵħսͿ飬Ѿȹпĵ޾

⻰˵꣬ۿʡĵȻȻǵһˣ޿飬ǿ̫ƻƽ⡣
ľ棬ҪЩܳƣĻǵ¡
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497 Ⱥۣ£
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˵꣬һ㶣ǰõԭͥ
Ҳ֪˺ε˵Ȼܷͥ
Ȼǻ֪ͥε棬ǰú𶯾˵ͥȻס
ԭʼһԵǰۿͶأޱأҲ𣿡
ԭʼҪӣоǰ룬ǵۿȿԼ
°ģߡ
Ϊ͸עĲǲġ
ȴ⣬ЦλҪǰϺȥ͵棬ʴ˲ǰϣλ񺣺
⻰˵ã˵ƿԡ
ԭʼҪȴӴˣȥɣߵۿʼλѣҵֵܶǰȥ
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ߺԭʼȻ߷߲ƽ䲻̨棬ԵȴȻͥڻҪʽѸģۿͶʵҰĲС
ԭʼ˿ûۿȥ̫Ϊ˵ã˵ҲǶӡ
ΣȻˣǾȥɣô˵ҲѣҺ͵ǰԨԴ
˵

ڶĸ˼
Ǵǰõ˲ǵõ˴ȼƷ鱦
ⷢһͨ콨ľ֪ͨδǰǷͨ콨ľϵĽʧˣֻʣһռĤˣͨһ֮ء
ûȳ׵̽飬ʽѸĵˡ
׳öļ٣ⲻϲľ档
ĸ˵Σʵ
ȥɣȻģǲȥԵСˣȥֺη
ıɣĵʣı
ģǰú𶯣ؾͥ廹ûôĸҡͷ
ȻǾȥɣ֪֪˰սʤǰзչʱ͸ۿӣȥ

ׯۣԪҲɻ
ʦ˵
Ϻһ̤Ϻĵۿʵˣȫû˴ǰȣǵ͵ǰϺ
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Ϻң߸Ϊµıδ󺺡
Ǫݡ졢ܰԵˡ
̾ңǿͬʱ˸ӵĹˡ
λǰʧԶӭЦ
ðţѿˡۿЦ
ͬʱۿ˿ùСѲµµ̫Ǿˡ
ҺãǴӻĹǻۺԸԴ߰Ը
λȥ𡣡
ңŵۿȣȥ̫ˡ
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̫ԤϵˣֻǻɹۿǸҲԼû뵽ˡ
̫ǲȥģȥ˵ݲ˵ƽ׵˵ۿǵķͷ̫ϣ
˵ԼҪȥˣ嵣ģҲԼԵʣˣǶĲƽ
̫Ԫ˵ľʱÿ顢ʯԪӴԼС
Լеǽ𵤺̫ò鱦Ҳͳȥ
֮ܶӣҲ˺ɧ
Ԫ˵󣬪뿪ˡ
̫æΪæҺ˳ˣӦܴ̫˿̫ܵС
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ˡ
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498 ж
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ò˵һתʮֵĴ󣬴ľˡ
ǾȻƶ˼ƻƻǳ幮ͥʱûռѪ
һѪѪɱɷܲ׳ǡ
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ռѪܿɽˣ˺ֻغڤҲļƻС
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еڤӣҲĺܣǺֻأռ˺ܶѪԴ˺ѹڤӴˣȫŪȥ
ڤӿд˺͸ţȴһ޳ɣԪӲľ档
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ʮλףꡢսˣ۸һڤ׾١
ѪݣڤӲֻ˵ǿ󣬲˵ĲֻҪʥˣûʲôܴɱġ

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ʮ۽е㵣ǣ˵磬ݴڤӺѶԸһ鱦ռѪƣһ𣿡
⻰ꡭ

ЦˣλֵܵѣΪָǿһҪܡ
һ㶣æͷ

ֻʮ˴ˣʮ˴Ũɷȥǲһ㡣
磬ǣһ㶡
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һЦǺܾǰ˵˵һ󷨵ĴУ˸񴫸ǵģֻǴǰҵûи򵽣ǰ˵
ԭܾǰ̫Ͱк˵ܡ
̫˵Ҳķ֣̫׬˸飬ǰˡ
Ѵ˵һ飬˵ǵΪԽ
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ȻݳʱǵУ̹ŵص̣óʮɷ
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ˡ
룬Ĵ󣬼ϻԪɺڵʵ˵ԸССڤݲף
ף꣺
Ǿϲˣû뵽ôܾȻôãȻ
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499 ͥ
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ΪߵģеСĺĴܣľˣǿɲѺⲻǲӣ
Ϊ㲻ӡ
ԣʱͥѾʮ̫ҲΣղ޲εĺ顣
һ岻裬ҲĿˣú⣬˳Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ǰĸǲ١
иԵĶԱȡ
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Ѿ췭ظı仯ģٶǴڣ޺ڡ
ûмѾǽˡ

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ԭǶѡĸѣλǰ԰ǰӴ
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Ϊܶ˵ʱ򣬸˵ˡ
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⻹ǽ˵ͨ׼ģ׼뷨õȥˣ鱦۵鱦Ҳడ
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Ҫ⣬λ㣿ѵҪӣһ˺ʣ
ˣ

֣ЩΪǣԵ׼ûԼСԼ̫ˡ
Ʒ鱦Ǽмƶǵɱġ
һ㶣˵ûҶˣں档
ţһﶨհҶˡ׼



500 ͥ·
֣Ǻ㿴ͥԵΪôƶأҪǱǵõͥ¡
ԣһ亹Լֵˡ
ôǺöԼģԼȻҲû̶Ȱ
ǺǣĪҪģҾ˵˵׼Ц
ʦܣЩ˵˵ġ
ˣӴ˴ڣڵۿкġѡ
ǹһ󣬿˿ƺԸѡ˾Զĵط
׼ӵʱܸˣʼس
⿴һӣĸĿ˰
ѵƶˣ
ۿһ㶣ƺˣղ׼ĺᷢԼˣӦ

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۴񵽣۴񹧺塭Ʒ鱦һ󺰵øĴһ鱦װֵ̫ˣະ䶼С
񹧺塭Ʒ鱦һ
һ鱦һĻѶ̫һϲˡ
ΧֵĸĿɿڴλ̫ԣˣ鱦Ҹ
еģû鱦أʶһȡ
ۺ󣬲ԣңڵĴڣ˸ԣĺܣû»Ҫܡ
ʶӣĹ䲻ΪҲǹĴ͡
ټϴǰͶʡޱˡۿй̸оˡ


ޱ˵ȵЦԲһˡ
ղžֵġƶμʶԣˡ
Ȼ鲻һ˺кˡ
ǶˣԸͶ˸оܽ󻹻ᷢչɺѡ
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۵ֻԴ鱦ֻۣÿһ鱦Ҫ
Ǿ仰ûзֱǰҲƶġ
۵ĸԣ׼ۺ죬ȻĽˡ
ꪣ۵ǹǼƷ鱦⿴ó˵ĸԣ

Ȼ۴񣬾ݴλңڣưԡ۴ʱߺĻ֮أ޾Թ
ֵ񣬳ѹ󱩶ұӻǰȥ飬һǹ
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оԴүʥǧпͶǺܿʦıˡ
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507 նħľ
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Ѱ棬棬޷棬Եõ
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⡶նħľҲȡɵֶΣնȥħ㯵ġ򡯣ڴ֮ڣնʬһ鱦СǼеǵħħն֮Уħ𻨣ͿһԪ޽ɵĲΡ
˺١
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նħףħԲɴȴѣɱ֦֮ҲǷ֮飩ѡ
ô˵Ҳնʬ׼ʥһˣնħˡ


508 
ȸлл͡
̫Ļ˼İл̫Ķֶͣе󣬴Գܡ
ͬںʹҲΪˣ̫ɲʹˣȫǸһĴ·
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СԲȣҲδСԲǿܶ࣬նħӦûٵնȥħӶﵽԪڵĵزҪħںϳеѶȣ֦÷֮ѡ
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˿ǰʿʬҲͺԼһ˱Ƚ϶ѡ
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ϣﵽնħľ͵ı׼ҲǴ޽ԲĲΡ
صʵ̫ȴóһɫԲ״ģƵĹ
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㣬̫ˣǰѪһˣѹԪ񽻸壬˳ڤ
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˾Ȼǰˣ˽ֵܣ˼ĺܡ̫Ц
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һѪĸմȥ


510 ԻԵ
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Լʱս´Խͷ裬̫һֱܹעȴûһļˡ
ܽţ֮ǰ½ѹ˵̫ϲ˸꣬й۲һΣĽš
Խܣ֪Ϊǰû
СϺ֮ȴΪ棬һо޴ۣ֮̽˹켣㡭̫ĺȻһ١
ᵽɤϣΪԼ군ˣѵҪˡ
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ȻҲǴܣȽԼ˴Խĺá
κεĻֻܹţԼʣλĸȤˣǾͲˡ
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һУ㡢ȥʱ⼸ʣ곹׵Ĳ֪ˡ
ѵ֪
ԣû˿֪
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һʱ䣬һʳС

СǺ˵ȻҲˣ˵֮ǰ˻ħԳ֮ħ񡣴ǰУͻħԳ˿гġ̫⨺
⻰˵꣬⨺ͨˣ룺Ҳ֪ģ
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꣬κģշϷһǰɣǳȴǿ֮ģһЩԵ룬ټ֮ʱѾ˳ɾ͡
ͨһչˣ̫Ŀͷ
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˴ǰһΪǰĻʱΪ崴һΪ˸̹ŵѵ̹ͱɣԪ޽ɵźǣδȵԪ̹ŵѾѪΨһԳƵ̹Ԫ֮Ԫεģ׽
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ʲôεĸţʲôεԪ
ǵĸ̹žѪǿӦԪҲȻ̹Ԫ
̫˿̵ľΪ򲻳

ź̫ѣǡ
ԼԪ޽ɵĲκ˷ܵɵˡ
Ĺֱ찡
̫ûǵ𺳣ֵ
ǰ̹ŵѵĲдԪʱδ̹ŵѲдԪȥʶһֱɱ𱣴棬Ӧ̹ŵѣѲдԪ񽻸ĺᣬҲһǰɣֻܳȫһˡ
̫˵󡭡
׸˷ˣֱĲ֪αˣе㲻֪롣



511 Ŵ
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һ㶣æҡͷǰ⣬⡭
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ס죡
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ղʵǼĲˣе״Σ̫˵ԪԼ˲öԼĵܵǲƽԲƴǡ
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Ҫǿı
Ҹݱ㣬̹ŵһֻǣ̹ŵѵĺٿأǰûԪԵʣֲ棬ֻ̹Ԫ񣬴ӶԪ嶼̹ںſɼ̹ŵһֻһ
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Ԫ󣬾Ϳɼ̹ŵ˺̹ŵǵǶһɽǻ֮أȴҲǸ֮أܵõѪҪлСò˵ޱȵҪҪĳ̶ǽ׵ġ
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ѪҪ˵ãǲԭ켣ıݣƵ޵ġ
Һö׺Ӱ̫ͬˣˡ



512 ѹ
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ֻǾ޴һ׸Ƿ𣬻һ̫
ߣ̫һЦһ֡
Լ̫ˣ⽫ֻлԪڵĲζѣԼԤĲ˵㡣
ΪĪ˵Լǽʥ˶׸㶨
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ԶǵΪĳнֻأΪ޾ֻصĴڡ
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û뵽Υĸоֳˣ̫еϲˡ
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ûԥ˳Ÿ֪ȥ
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514 鱦֣ȼƷ
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鱦˸ܸӦģлԵģһǲܸӦġ
Ʒ鱦ΧĴȫˣлԵõָҲˡ
һ˽ȼƵˣɽʿһڹײĵõ
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ʴˣ֪ϣãҰŴΣȻˡ

̫ʿΪ䲻ߣͨˣȻӹ˵̽飬Ȼ鱦
ǣյһЦֻǺɫɫʺȻһһƣǵֻ˲䣬͸оԼˣƺһ˲ʧȥ꣬䱾˸˲仯Ϊһҡ
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һĻڴ޺ܺ棬鱦ģҲ⿴Ǵ
˳֣һ鱦һ˲ҪĴս
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ѵг𣿡뵽
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ãͷתĵˣձųȻԼ֮Ƶ鱦䡣
ѸѺҪߵʱ֮Ϯˡ




515 ɣп
һҽкˣ˲Ҳ˵ȼˡ
һĻ֮ǰһĻ˲úܶˡ
鱦ð찡뵽
ȼ˿Լǵ˺ķ֣ԼһĪָָԼȥ
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ˣڸͣˡ
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ڸͣˣ˺ܶ಻ȴΪµᣬǸоһѵĻˡ
ƺҲ뷨ʮ̫鿿鱦ûֹ뿴ǲԼ²һ
ȻһҧԵ壬ͿԼ˵ˡ
Ϊ͸ŲУ󶥼Ĵܣֻգûбĳ·λǰһǲġ
Σ黹Ǻܶġ

˲䣬ֻʮû˿ԥֱǰ
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ˡһɫ֮ɨվɱһҽС
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ĵһߣλǵʴôطˣǿΪ棬ɡԥҪǴʱĸˣǾû˿Ļˡ
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ĵһڣҵһ㶡
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˵ڣ´޸֣û鱦£Ҳ˲סôˡ
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517 һҲŹ
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ȻпᣬǱͿʱǷҲĸԸ

̫һֻ֣ǰĴʿǽʮλĴ޸֣Ȼ岻ܿƵķ鱦ȥ

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ǿ־ˣˣǰ˾Ӧˣֵǵʱ򣬸о治á
֮ǰĽʮ޸֣ȴҲѣҺôǰзԼҲľ
ô˿̱ص˳ͷģܾԼˡ
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һĻʲôʱ޸㲻ֵǮˣ˿ȥ

ҡôʵڳܲסּ尾ˣҪԱʱ򣬷Աˡ
ʣĲһɵ飬ǱΪԼҲҪˣû뵽Լþˡ
ѹǹţҧ̧ͷֻΪǰĶħܱе˾ȻЦˡ
ڣȻɨһеǰǲ֪˭ȴļסˣǾ֮

ҽвϣһ鱻̫ٿȥ֮ǰ˳Ĵ޸ȼƵȣԼոûĸз䡣
һĻ̫߸
Уϣǿٿ̫Ųһɵ飬ֵڱУҲϣԱȨƿǵ
ǰ㲻ᱳ޴ģڵġĵ
ǰײǣֻǰռƻǾĵ˲ıŹǰɡ
ǰĲס
ȻʣµĲʮλʿҵһ˿ϣʱˣĻܱģܻǿκ顣
𣿡̫һɨǾ˲䲻ܿƷ̫һ֣һɷ̫𷢳
һ̫ķվĵ壬ɷȥ˲ϮĵԪ
޷ݵĲҽֻȥûб뷨ָоһ˲Ҳܡ
̫ĳͷҲѡΨһѡ񡣡


Ъ˹˻;ĲȴһԽԽ
ʣʮ˵ʱ򣬲룬йٱʺȻ֮ʧˣڳ׵ġˡ
̫ܷŭҲ鱦Ҫǽڤ
ʶ̫гӣֱӰ鱦ѹˡ
ӣ
ȻǿĻӣ
ǰ˭

ӱ̫ԶһҪǿ˺ܶࡣ
̫ٿأֱѹйٱʺйٱĻᶼûС
һĻˡ
һ̫֣ǲΪɷ̫ټϻӣˡ
ңں׵ֶΣʵۿͶʵ̫𣬻п֮һĻӡ
⾿˭
ѵ
һ㶣ǰμӹѸĵȻе²⣬ѵϺλ
ѸģϺˣֻڸˡ
Ȼ˿ʼ̽ˣǸоԼ¶ˣǵۿ˿еĵǰ̫ǰ
ʣʮˣ˿ȴ֪Լˡ
̫ɨһۣһһ֡
𣡡
ˡһѹص޿
ʣʮˣȻһˣǵУԪ塭һС
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518 йٱʡ
̫ɨһۣȼƵˣȼƵĲһڱԴ֮ˡ
̫Ҳûˣʧˡ
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úõһ鱦ĻԵȻһιش󼯺ϣǺơ
ȻҲԼû룬Ҫ˿̵ԼѾ군ˡ
λǰ˭һ˴󵨵ʵ
ô
ɼǵôǰͥʱϺǰͣ
ţеӡ󡣡
ɼǵһλ̫ĵţ鱦һЩƷĹӣ
ףһ㶣̫𣿡
˾Ųʮλǰϸһ£λǰԳƱ𣬻˵Ҳֹ
ǡ˻һ顣
˵ǺˣҪϵ˵ҲǰʮһһľĻѾˡ
ǰʿȻһٿأ̫ˡ
ǰҺλǰûǣ޹ҲΣˣѹǶܲˣ˵ˡ


̫뿪һϢȴǴġ
ϵ·ۿȣ˿Ҳڸȥ鱦ȴľ档
ҿûȥΣˡۿ̾
ᣬۿˣͷǰ֮£Ҫɲɢ޾ޱЦ
ǰǰͶ˵飬ǲġۿ̾
ۿȷˡ
صĲֻǵۿȣϲѰһԵ׼ͽҲһ亹ķˡ
;Ϣʱ򣬳һ亹
ǴǰͿ϶ˣ֮ǰϺʱѹѹԼľ̫̫ˡ
̵Ǿ֣ǰһҪ˽ԽԽ࣬뷨ˡ
ȵǿô
ʦֿҪСĵˣǰ¡
ʦҵҲǵȲ̵ľЦ

塢ȡ
ͬˣ鱦Һأ˿ȡǱ˳ĸġ
⵹ãߵһ·Żȥˡ
ԽǶ⣬Խ֪ܶ࣬ǼĴڣ֪Ķࡣ
ΪԸ־塣
壬ܹ̫ġšһѹһ꣬һֱһɨ
һεġ

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ſʼ̽йٱʺ鱦Ǹ˵УպյĴڡ
̫ʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽һܺЦ¡
ݴգظ˺
ڿǺЦƷ鱦Ȼܱ˺ˡ
Ҫ׼һ·İţ̫ǲŵġ
׼ΪѾ˼ͥȵȸأĴЭͿţ֪ĺӳɾͷ츲صΪΪˡ
˺̫ˣƷ鱦˵˺پ˺٣׼ļٵġ
̫֣ͱļƷ鱦һ𻵣˵ֻһɵĺˡ
ֱǺǷΪ׼ǷΪѣһΪ˴̰ˡ
죬ҲȿĴѹϵֲܱӻֻܰϣϣͨˣ˵ѹ
˲Ϻӵݳ
Щ̫Զ̫ûȥ룬򵥵Ŀ˿йٱʺֻسֵʱͳȥǡ
鱦̰۲ˡ
̫е棬Ϊйٱˡֻصȷʵǡ
йٱʣȻеߵӰӣһݺ鱦ǿס
˵Ѿˣ鱦Ϊ֮Խɡ̫ңɱǴ㲻ĸ֣һ
귨֮Ҳֻ֮йٱҪ˵㣬йٱѵʩչ֮ء
ò˵鱦ܲɷֵģֿ޴
һݼ̫ص̫硣

̫飬նħľ֮ʱ̵Եʣʱһնħ
̫ãȣѾ׼ˡ
εǣԶǴ޿ɱȣ̫󣬴Ϊ̫̽·
̫ÿУ˵ԼĹģĵԼܲ˳չҪµʵˡ

ү׼ˡ
һɷǵģ˭뵽޾ǰʮأ
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ڣڻˣ׼һһնħˡ
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519 նħ
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նħľնħһħΪȥ֮ħ
񾳽㹻ˣνȥ֮ħĹȥߣնȥ߶ѡ
һ̫Щָ㣬к֪
һֶ
ңԼΪţǰȴǻججĴڣֻĺӻεǣ˺ΪߣշŰֱ̫ѹշ
ȥΪޣ˿ˣ˵̣ȻǾͷ°ɡ
ն
ԼԪУһڹȥִź;ݺݵĻһ
ҹԪķʽԱ˵ûԼ˺ԼԪġ
Сնħľʿ˵һնȥִ㯵·
ˣһֻԪݣһڹֱԪ˳
ԪݣԪе
ʱۣԴ
նȥĹȥ֮ħҲħʼתĳΪһԲģֱһ𶯺Ӱıɺģ
ںϴֻħһۣ˺󻺻ƮԪ̫һ֮Ѹٵնȥ
ʱ̫һڵĴ۳һģ
ħûκεжֻǿĽֺ󣬿ʼںС
ںϵ˲䣬ϥеһҪΪħṩֵ֧ķ
磬ǻԼ̫飬ŵĿһĻ
անħľ˵˿ؼʱ̣㣬񣬲ħ֡
Ҳǻ۵Ҫԡ
һӰĽɫߣħֱħԴԴϵ֧£ʹĽ໥ںϡ
ˡ

ֹâʢħѾ룬ಡһͬƼ־춯ء
Եƽ˺ܶ࣬Ĺâʢ֮󣬿ʼʧˡ
ֵʧԤʾţħѾȥ֮С
Ȼ
ȻһɫĽŴϥڿе񣬴˺ʧ
ǳ׵ʧʧԪУԪУһڤڤ
ڤڤ֮ؾǴ֮ӣţһֱ˳Ŷϣֱ˿Ĵ֮ӡ
֮Уħڵȴ˶һۣϢԴֵ֮ӵĵһ
̫磬ѹеɢ̫һѹһΧ֮ڣĪ̫𶯡
һԹۿ飬ûио
ֱʱ̫ףɹˣҿģֻҪ΢һ£Ϳնȥڶħħ
Ǿĺôǿ󣬵ΪСԲǹȥδԲ
ǰħڵ˵ܼ򵥣ֻеħħҲ֮ħǿ顣
㣬ʮʱ䣬۾ظеԼǿǻԪ𣬻˵ү˵׼ʥڡ
ڸأֻ׼ʥһƺԪɽı
ˣ̫ɴ˳Ӧʱֵ֮ӣȻƺԪɣϾһ춨ĳƺҫ
նʬնħ̫Ҳƺ׼ʥɡ
˳ӦʱĳҲͶȡУƺԪɵһԢ⡣

ɹˣããð
Ȼǰȥӣÿһǡôûһѹˡ
ǰ˵ҪҪۣǰƺһѶûóǰĻ۶񡣡
ǺǣĪҪˣǰʮʱ̸֮ɫǰԲĲΣ˵ȻѡģǴԲնħӦޱȵɡ
ţӦǲ֪˭һԲնħ

˶ĳɹ˷ܣҲǵϣ
󣬰ݼ̫
ս׼ʥȥչȹһ°ɣȹ̽ɶʿǽһĸ򡣴⣬ħն֮ۺ͸ӦòѣȻ˾ҪȣĪҪˡ̫ʵĹѹ
үڴضȡ񼤶˵
˵̫׽ģϾﰡ
Ȼ̫Ѿ겻ˣ׼ʥˣ̫ҲҼССС𽡢Сɶġ
̫ɶȱ
̫޾ǰΪµ壬̫ĺܶͳΪ˵ˡ
̫Ȼĺúõģٵڹ顣
̫綨дڡ


520 ͨ콨ľ
նħ׼ʥ󣬴˺һʱУҲ˴˲Ρ
䲻񣬵࣬ΨԲһ˿նħ
ʯѾ׼ˣǰ̫ȵľɽٵĻۣܾǰǴ޲ΣٹȥˣҲԲˡ
ò˵ݼֺ͵ģѾԽһ̫̫ࡣ
ĺüͣһΣ˭͵סּ尾ġ
ɽˣֲĸҲȹ˴ǰĴʱ͵ʮֵȹ̡

硭
˿̵ĺĺƽԺ̫ƣ֮ǰĺĸѹ֡
ʱţѹֱ˷ܡ
һνѾȥܾãڶνֻԪʱˡ
ڴڼǧͣȥ˼ʮǱ̫ǰɱģҲмù˽ɱ
һνǧ͵ĵλȹ̵ġ
ֻеڶν󣬺նʬ֮Ϊ鱦ǲŻῪԼĿʼ
һνֻǴԲԻûôš
ΨռѪϢ˽ŹռѪĵ͵ķˡ
ڶĶΪҲﵽ˴ԲĲΡ
죡
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ǰչ޷ƿͨ콨ľϵĸĤʱǳˡ
˿̣ʱһ̽
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ˣǿĵ̣ҿǻǽһĺãҪǱ巢ˣᱻǵɽ鷳ġ
ǰˡ
µ˵ĵģöܲԼµۿǣЦ
ԼĿǸɵۿ׵ȣóưԺģԼ㲻жܲ
ס죬ǿΣѵǻȥǿˣ
˾ȥһһЩ²ż汸²ųɣ˿̵ǳɲġ
ߣǼȥ
⣿˺ܵǣ岻ǰԽԽ׳󣬻سϡ
治֪λˣôҰġ
ѵ
ͬϵ
ԼңڵͿɣҪԣԱͿɡ
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ĿģǱΪԸۼڶ£Բ˴ѹ
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Ҳû˵ǰǵʱҲ˵ĪҪ۸ѹ
ҰԽԽúܶණĴǰºܵġ
Ҫǻ壬ǸŶֻңڶѡ
ôѵ뿹𣿡ˣʱȫ
ȣҡ˶ҰԽԽĶԽԽˣȥľ
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ⲻ֪ͥıԵ˵زŷ٣ͥıԵѲߵ嶼١
ΪͥΨһֻһǾš
ǲ뵽ģͥڣһɽ֮ţһͨ콨ľ֮ͨء
ˡ
λ½ŵʵ
ȻͥΪǿջҪΣյĵطм˸ˡ
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ȷҰģûӣûԴ󵽿ԶԿ壬Ҳܽš
ǣȴ١
ͥϸһݣֻǱ˱巢ֵ˵ѣȻ˶˵дˣ˵Ҳܳɾһܴ塣뵽
˴˵زɾ˵
仰öˣ⼸˼ֱ̫СˣԼһģˡ
ôܣֻԼһ֪˺зչչһκ󣬿Գ׼ʱһδ˵ܰͥӴԼΪͥƹߡ
ʴˣһƻ󣬶Լ˵ȷ˵Σգ߰ɡ
˿
ǲ֪ǣѾɱˡ
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̼䣬һֻжԼ֪ˣȫɱˡ
Ķһԣ˵ͨ콨ľдΣգ֮ͨأ̽飬λԼǰȥ߲㣬ġ
˸񻹲Ҳûлɣöĵһƻɹˡ
˺ʼҶҰĲ֮
ϸĸˣĸеԼԽԽ˽ⶫˣǰҰİҺԼĵܻ
˿ĸ뷨ˣǶҰԽԽ֮



521 ٿ
ѵҰˣҲҪΪԼһˣܸŶߵˡ
пӵһеĸ̾
ֶˣҰԽԽˣȷǰҰäĿҰġ
ǿ壬ôǿ֪͵
ʲô
ϵıȶɢ޼룬ʹⲻĸϿɵľ̫һСľͻΣա
ҪΪԼˡ
һͥ󣬵ȷ˺ܶ࣬߾ۼҰ֮ǰĽ͵͵ˡ
Ϊ׳е㲻ֶεΪ
ķĪ˵嶼עˣΪ˵ۿר˰еûֶĴԴ
ϵڶνڼۿҲʱˣһеȵڶν˵
ۿ뷨˶ţҲ׼ʱô˿ٽڶνԼԷ£
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ǰ㹻ܿʱڣԪΪ
̹Ԫޱǿ˵
繻ˣǿΪԪΪչܿ죬ǰﵽ˴ԲĲΡ
ľ磬ȴԵʣﵽ˻ԪɵĲΡ
Ǵ˿޷˵ܾ۵ˡ
ﵽԪԲͺĴƽ˿
ڵĽҲӡ
̫֮Ѿ׼ˡ
ԪҪС
⣬ָ̫㣬ʼѰ̹ŵء
Ȼҵ֮˵Ԫ˫޺ȻȻ
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Ȼ㣬ûɲǨˡ
Ȼе㲻ᣬΪ˳㷢չֻˡ
ҲȫŲߡ
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ǰţǱ鼰˼룬ȫתơ
ֻ˵߲תƣĵĵȻҪռݵģǴģܷˡ
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ڴ͸߲㣬ڵŵĵڶν
̫յ˺Ϣ˵ڶνʼ̫ǰȥ
̫£Ҳ˹ȥ
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죡
һѹɨģԵߣеֵĳڤڤС
ʱѵڶνҪԵ߿
¡¡
һɺ嫵ɨһʥ˵ѹһ鳼
ֻӰεضȥ
ɽˡ׼ѪɽŮ洡ϺԪӵȵȡ
Ѹٸ
ǧѾ䲻٣Щ֮ˣȻ˲ϣɽȼƵˡ
ȥ

У̫ˡ
ˣһѣ㿴ô̫һְѽ˳
ܾĥ̫ų󣬶ݺݵĿ̫
˺֪ˣȴУֻ򣬵⻯ֻصһѾοֻطֻ̣ǵһµѾ׵˻ţΪ˺顣Ȼ㣬߹Ҳ޷ͷѷ뿪ɣУҲһֻԵȥɡ
˵̫꣬ԤС
ؼ̫Ҳýð죬ɱ˿ϧҲûãܲܰѹɣ
ֻý˺˺ôѡԼ޹ˡ
ˣһġ̫
Ǻǣ޷ںģվɲ˴ġ˺
̫˵ȷںĳɲ˴򣬵һܴúͻ᳹ʧںģܸСУڸСнġ
ðɡ̫һֳȥ˽ڽԹ̫һ֣ˣ磬ǿաŲ˺Ľסӣһľ
ǰ̫˵е¡
̫ģܿˡ
ںıȷɾͲ˴򣬿Ҫִǰʱǵļƻſɣ᲻дɾˡ
أȵ͵СݻԲԼ͸ݴǰļƻȥСУں̫Σˡ

̫ѱ׿ˣ쵰ÿơ
Ǳ̫ˣȴ̫̰ۡˣޱȵܡ



522 ֤֮
У˷˺ܶ಻ϤӰаȼơ
֮ǰǧеߡ
߸ϣԪӡӡԭʼͨ졢Ů洡׼ˡ
ǰ˵λɸģȻû˸Ҹġ
ǣⶼǴҾȵģ˾ȵ
ȻԪ񣿡ˡ
岻ԪѾ˺˾֪ı־ƳˣȦˡ
Ȧģ塣
Ϥĸо̹ŸԪôܣӳԾ
û˱˽̹ԪǿΪֻ̹壬룬ҲԪˣ̫߸ˡ
Ϊе㵣ˣԪԼʲô̹ڡ
˼̹žѪ̹Ԫǵһڰ
ǰ뷨ǶԵģȫˣˣѾӵ̹̹Ԫֻ̹ŸȷȲ˰ԭʼ̾

ڴܶԪܾȡ
巽е㵣ˣǿԪˣֱ̫߸ˡ
ѵռѪԵɣѪܲɣۿ˼

ʱһ˼⡣
浽
ˡ
֮󣬺صĳˣǰֵ޴Ӳ
ݼ档
ڴݣ˺Ϊǲϵ̫ޱĽһĻ
ʥ˺ˣһνʥԲ֮Ǻϵˡ
һûκεķϻ

˷أط죬취Ȼ
˵ذҲ֮ȣ֮øȪͶԹҲйҲ
տʩ󱨣ȡ徲ԣоԳҲȻҲ
˲Υأ˵ȫҲزΥ죬˵ȫأҲ첻Υ˵ȫҲҲ
ΥȻ˵ԣȻߣڷԲԲȻΥҲ
Ȼߣ޳֮ԣ֮Ҳǲ֪ǲ󣬾󲻼Σǲǣת෨Ҳ
˳Ȼ޹ɣط죬˹ɣΪһ֮ߣҲ

ʥ˽ǲһִԲƣۣӿ
˴κΪתۣ˴Բ֮ϲתۣȻȻ֮ȻȻת䡣
ڴܳڵĽУһ֮ĸȻǸоǴ֮ϵĲΡ
ʼҲԵ·ƺһĤڣͱƺգͱƣֻǴԲ
ǱĻεĽǴһֽκε޴ӸȻ֮ڴܡ
㡭
֪Уڶκˡ
ǣκû˲ʧǶѵڴܵٵ컯ɾͺ֮һֳ֣ʶ轲Σѻ֮裬ǵڶνΪ֮ϳнȻ֮תϸĸ򣬿ƸĤ֤Ԫ˴֮󣬵ζڰԪ֮νԲὫģȿɻΪȽ󡣡

˲侪ϲˣ̫ɻˡ
ܶģ塢ԪӡۿȶоһؼϣѰ
ΪҪԼû뵽θǽڴ˷ˡ
˵꣬żʵʵ棬֤зţ
仰꣬ޱȵڴ
ǧ֤֤֮һ֤֮նʬ֤֤
˵꣬˺ܼȻ֤̫֮ˣϣһһ
ʵ棬֤·𡣡ԭʼʵ
޾ͳǧͬȻ֤֮˷֤֮ˣ֤֮Ѿã˷֤ôڣȴޱȼѣ޷ʵ֣и֤
⻰˵꣬˵һ룬ȥڴ޽ɵ˵˰ɡ
棬˷֤ͨ˵֤֮Ѻǿģʵ
ͨһۣޱ˵Уǰ̹ŴԴ֤˺̫ѡüҲԴ֤
⻰˵ꡭ
һ˷ˡ
ԭ˳ɹǲϤĸˣȵȡ
ܶһ㶣̫ѣôôϤأ
ͥʱϺǰˡ
֮ǰɱʮλ޵̫ǰɣ
ԭ̫ǰǷֲ֤֮ǿ
Ƿһ־ˣյ˵ģ֤֮Ѿˣȥ
ңڻУҲ˵֤֤ģһޱȡ
ԣ֪ܵԪʵʵ棬֤֤֮
ʬ֤֤֤֮
䡪
ܴ侲֤֮֡еƲסˡ



523 ׷նʬ
ͽ̡
ȫݷ
ҲգΪȽʬ֮
ʬߣһãۣĿ壬ڳ䣻Ի׹ã˸ַǿ⽹־˼ã֮ˣȥʬƣ˷ҩЧ֤
ʬסأʬסмأʬסβ̹أÿӣƶоŹǳؾϣʹ

ĿĴˣİŶˡ
Ԫ޽ʱĴǣΨһߵ·ȱʬ֤֮
նʬҪм֮ʬߣ֮鱦ȣɼʬ
նȥһʬΪ׼ʥڣնȥʬΪ׼ʥڣնȥʬΪ׼ʥڣʬһΪ׼ʥԲ˺ںϣ֤Ԫ޽ɡ

˵Ҫܼ֮ʬڴһܡ
Щ֮Ĵܡ
ǵĽУֻԪͻƣԪһȣն
ѸٵĺԪնǷںϣ𵽼ʬ֮á
µ˼ѡ
ұһ壬񡣡
ƣ
ĽУص֮ĺµˣʧ̾ԪӵԪ֮ϡ
Ԫһһǿѹɢ˺Ȼޱ⣬ʣĴһѿ
ǸоԪѾﵽľˣǴ֮ϵľ磬ǶԱȵƺĻԶ
˺󡭡
˵У塣
ֻƣ֮һʮ̣徻Ϊ֮⻷ƣ
ԭʼ֮һӣϲַ
֮ͨϺϥԱ߻һŰ
˱ԴͬԪնȥʬãҲ׷նʬɹˡ
˺Ů洼аնʬۿͼɽնʬ̫һ׼ᡢơڤӵȡ
ǰʮĴܣۡˣ׷նȥһʬ
Щ˵Ĳϳɹ˲˲ࡣ
Ҳնʬû֮ģеĸǸԲ޷նʬ
ʮ˵նʬɹȴúž޲ϣһ˿Ц⡣

ĽĴʵʵ棬֮Ƿ񲻿նʬ
ƣ˵ͷ
һĻܶзˣһ֮ᣬɱˡ
ֵʬҲʬʬʬʿִ֮ʬնִȫޣԿ֤ȻƶնѰ
˺ֵ⣬֤֮ΪԺд󹦵ߣ콵ɵΪʥˣԪ޽ʥˣָͬʥƺΰԪ޽ߣƿ磬С硭
˽һºΪʥˣΪԪ޽ɡ
֣նʬףԶԶûô򵥡
˵ƶնִѰ˵˺ʬԲѵһ֤Ԫˡ
ǲɵ
棬ҵˣм֤Ԫ֤ʥˣʵ
ˣڴϢԴ
Įĵһ˿֤ԪԵ֮˿ɳʥ
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澹Ȼ˵һ˿֤Ԫ
Ǿ˵ʲôʬ֤ѧҲ޷õ
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桭̲ͨסˡ
ȴһֵ˴νΪֹԻνʱԽ֪֤Ԫã֤ʥȴлԵ°ɡ
˵꣬˻ûعѾʧˡ
̣ܽȸˡ²ģҲֻգµȥˡ
ԵʲôǻԵ˺ã
Ե֮ˣѵ

У̫˺ϥ
Ѿÿɺãʡ
ơ̫˵ͷ
Ԥˣοûƭڴܣ֤Ԫ޽Ѿˡ
ȥУǲܵġ
ҲˣʥѾˡ
οնʬ֮Ѿ£˭ȥοҲ򲻵ˡ
֤Ԫǲˣֻնʬ˺Ե֮˿ʥ
ʥλ֮ǰͺͺˣԪӡ塢Ů洡׼ᡢˡ
ڰ˵ĻԵҲ˵ǵһ
ֱν󣬺̫Ĺ켣ˡ
ѣν֮ὫҪһںʱڣҪ壬ĪҪƫ켣̫
İɣνʱ豾ͽʱҪڡ㻹ͽˣͽΪṩˣˡ
޴⡣˺Ц
ǺǣȻ㣬ˣ鱦Ὣ𣬱Ҫһˡ
˵̫꣬뿪
֮ʱǺνԲҪϵˣʱҪͱһ£ҲҪ¶һ¡
նʬ׼ʥǣΪû˺ɽǿ»Ľˡ



524 컯
صĴ˱չأնʬĴȹΪδնʬȴ׼նʬ
Ȼ
Ҳһܺܣ֮޷նʬҪնʬҪѰ֮
һе঵ĸоΪ鱦Ὺʼˡ
˽ܵ飬ļңǧǣֻ֮໥ɱᡣ
塢塢ҲΪ鱦ж塣
˶ڣ챦ﲢ࣬Ϊ˽㣬ҲҪᡣ
ЩȴΪԴ񣬼ҵ࣬ȫûⷽĹǡ
壬նȥһʬ֮˼æϻɽչء

ҲӦˣʵ
ԭʼͨ˵ͷ
Ǿϲķ֣ÿлԵɵã˺ܼ
ɽȻǲ֪ĵطͨɻʵ
ǰָɽһ֮أٸȥ
˺˼æȥ
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䡪˺󣬺ĶΪ֮
ʮת͵غ䶯ˡ

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ʮϣ𶯣ס
˲Ⲩɽ󣬺ܶеԥˡ
ɽܱĵ³ҲǰȥɻҡͷζҪȥ᲻ġ
ܶ뵽
ǾˣĵҲҪҪİ
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ģǺãûɣضȷѪꡣ
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ǵģ컯ͨ춼˷ܵ
ȻǴ˵еľŴ컯
ΧʮתΪԲı־
һĲԪ飬ͬں
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ңǾȵǣȻ׽٣
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Ͳ黯Σ׽ٿ飿
ʵˣ컯̨ͬ޲TǺĹ½ڤӵҵ
̨ǼƷ鱦εģΨ컯̳лԴࡣ
˳ΣǻͳԲ
ֻй򣬹kͲῼֻܱܵҪ
ԣɫ׵磬ɫ׵ۡ
Ѿ׼ʥֵܣеһѹ֣Ȳε׽٣ҿǲ׼ʥѡ
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⣿ԭʼ˲ˣղֻżˣǻ
ΪԼֵܣƺɰ
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ƿʼˣͷ׽ҲҪԲǧʱ䡣
׽۾ŵΪһ١
ҪСһ٣⿰ʮһ֮׽١
Ϊһ𲽣׼ʥġ
ŵȥھŵʱ򣬿ǿȻԪ޽ڼ
һһҪ군
Ԫ޽ɵĹⲻǿЦġ
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⣬ۿʵ
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ǲ԰ޱɻʲôѵǿģǡ
ޱȻˡ
ʲôʵ
ޱλζҪȥ׽ҲҪȥСĵǣƶ⼫пǣŴ֮һ컯
̨ą̊́ÿһĴڣĴ̨Уľ컯ݴ̳˻ıԴдԣܽĴڡ
ۿʵȣ
ʲô
컯
нĿܣ
͵һ⻹ʲô
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525 ĳŵ
컯
̧̫ͷҪһ׽١
컯̳࣬ʶԭ켣컯ڴܷ׷׳֣컯֣һƼǱⵣʬ⣬ãƷ鱦̹ĸԴҲԭһҵʾ
̫뵽ԭ켣еļ䣬֪컯Ӱ죬ȻҪ׽١
߹£Ҳеɻֻ컯Ҫ飿
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ѵۿű֣
ѵҪΪ鱦
ԼΪʲôܶ
Ʊ鱦컯Ʋ˰ɣ
ԲŽ׽飬׽컯Ӳȹˡ
Һǰΰֺ֣󻹴͸壬̹Ԫֵѹ
컯컯ΰˣþ컯ںˣǣ鱦̫Ȼһ
뷨ԽԽǿңģĶ̫Ҳ;ˡ
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Щ컯Ҫˡ
̫Ѹٵɽȥ
ȴ֪ĺȻĶİ鷳ˣ̫Ķ췭ظ
̫Ҳǰһ㣬ȫȥ¼ʶ׽ٵȻη塣

Ѱˣ̫ĶˣǺã˺һΪ顣
߷£컯Ҫ֣ܵҲܱƿء
ƺҲ֪컯õ׽٣޴׽٣컯ˣҪ׵Ļ컯ҪȡɺֶΡ
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ᣬһǻĵһ˭Ҫ
컯컯ŵĿɽֻǴԡ
ϼһΪ컯Ҳú̫ᣬΪ˽컯Ϊ̹ŵĻܣܴ
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üͺ𣬲̫ԾΪ컯ΪĳŵĺôҲȫ̫սһġ
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У
ڱչصüͺ͵ˡ
컯ᣬŵܳɹ񣬶д󹦵£½ߺģҲ˿߹ƣü͵һ
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üû˿ԥ뵽˴˴Ķ֡
ܣҲ˵ض̫
Ϊ˻ܣΪΪŵ޷ˡ


컯ŵܣⲻɴܡ
һ֮ص½ѹ
ԪŲ㣬˴ض̫üΪõ컯ܣΪŵҪƴһѣߺģ߹򲻻Աˡ
½ѹ֪Σգջ̫ˣҪȥ
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컯ǻĵһ˵ŵҪЩˣϵ޷˰
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ħ޲Tһء
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޲Tжˡ
棬Ϊŵһ޷˵ȥˣͺãõһŵֵá



526 ͱһս
Ƽʻᣬ𶯡
׽ٵ˿谭ǰѰһԵ顣
ĶˣҲˡ
Ż۵׽٣һѹ֣ԶԶ׽ٵĽ䡣
׽ٰ˵еĴڣҲ֪컯ܷȹʵ
ܶȹݴ컯˻һ̹ŴĴڣҲ򵥡
ǰݴؼоŴ⣬İ˴ݴѾĳҸԵΨ컯Ҳ档
ʢѼ
飬ȫֵġ
˵Ųһѵ̬֪ǲܡ
ЩڿеĴǲ鱦ߡ
Ȼǲ֪ǣ̫һʱյȴȴ׽ٽ٣ȴոո򵽵Ŀ顣
һ
御ܺƣǲЩ飬ǾԼҪ֣ʼ塢壬Լͬĸ֡
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ΨͨѪŽĴսλֳڵǣȴλֳǿ顣
ͨ쿴һֵ顣ֵûһ˿ϣ˵ᱻۣ˵һĴڣʲô
ͨǿ￴ֵ飬
ܣν޷ǾһУǣΪǵĶλһ£ʢ³ŵϦҲ޷ˡǱض
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˴ӿʼĽţԽԽ࣬ǿˡ
ȻҪᣬǾɣϻ治κˡ

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Ʒ鱦ûеȻޱȵĿԼҪ컯е鶼м̵ĸˡ

ҰĲĶ컯Ҫˡ

ϳѪĵڤӣԼֻҪõԼܸ壬ѵһ٣ԼһҪõԼҵģ˺һĴܣû˱Լ̨ǿᡣ

ڴڴţڿֵڻңǾÿˡ
ⲻ֪
ڿе̫Ȼе˺ܶϤϢˣˣûǰ
ü˺ĺ޲T½ѹ棬ǺǣˣҲá̫΢Ц
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ѵһսʼˣϻ˷𣿡
ˡ

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ӡʱ̡һҲĻᡣ
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ǧۣ׽ٳˣ컯Ľˡ
̫û컯ҵֿȻѡ˶ҪõǾͺһβսɡ
컯ǿܵķ˲ٿصķֻܷӳٵ
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׽ǿڻԪ޽̫˵𲻵õġ
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ҺǿƲǶ׼ԼˣԼ˿ܻʧȥٿ

̫һЦӡʱ̡׷չ¶ʱ̻衢
޲TüȻˣȻΪΪŵô
̫һ١
ɵ۵ĴУ˵ôͱһսɡ



527 ׽
̫˵ꡣ
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ֻһʱһ˵ħƣȥ˿ֲϢˡ
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˺˵ģ塢ۿȴܣǿʸʶһ¡
ʸͲˡ
䣡ڴھУ˺һ˴˵أ𺳿֪
ͨ죬ԺһֱӦһ仰Լϰ


Ϊ̫ѵˡüˡ
ΪǱϵ˵ˡˣֻԳƵˡ
ڱ̫һüڶԵʡ
仰޲TƣԼղŵĽ̫ȻԼĺ𣬾˵Լǵˣѱںεأ
ᵹǵļ̣Ҳ֪˴ΡᡯѣϵΪŵ̫ѵˡĺˡ
˵ʵһԪ޽ɺʥУܳܵסļӳ֣һϡ
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ŸĶˣ˺ɵĴڣʥ˺ڵĴڡ
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Ǽü͡ˡԼ޲TԼǶ֣ҺãҺá
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˵˺֤ģҲػģĪҪΪǵĴսʹô˵س˷棬Ժɾ޴ƻ
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һԪӺŮ洣ⲽΪ̫ǡ



528 һУ˳
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׽ټ£̫֮ӲŻɫдɫ׵硣
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ˣвҽУͷɢеĻҺõסˡ
һĻ˺£ղһ˿Щܡ
óԪ޽ɵǿڸո׼ʥ˵Щ޸˵ֱɿ⡣

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ڣˣⲻԼܲģµõ˺ԼĻ֣Ȼܡ
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𣡡
Ӳ׽ٶ̫һŭ
컯ŶĿĵϣܵ׽̫;๰
ü޲Tս̫ãԼѪղŵھŵ׽ٵˣԼڿս
˲ȫ˵˳һ˲仮Ϊ
˺½ѹһ֮ȫԸĺһƷ鱦˲ʩչһǳ֮ìۡ
ǣ
顢顢飡
ȫԸĵȫûãֱӱɣײ˺ĸĤϡ
͡
˼ͬһʱһѪԪɢֻһУһΪʽֱӽˡ
ļӳ֣һһ
½ѹĺ˿Һ̫Լ
Լ군ˣŵȻãҪ̫Ļ
˲ˣҪ̫棬ԼѾˡ
òһŵеֻˣ֪ŵð
ȴ⣬΢ЦĲȥǵѪǿ˹̫ˡ
ͬʱҲеԼˣ߹£Լ˺ܶá
ǣҲе㵣ǣ̫룿
ָ󣬵Ȼܲܡ

ü޲Tʱ˳ޣ˶һۣ˿е㷢̫
ΧȫԸ˼ͬ
˻̫
ռ䣬
֮
ħħأ
ǿֶΣ޲T֮ĸ棬˺ڼˡ
ƽʱǿԹʱ޲Tǿ
˴˿̵޲TҲʥڶѣȲ˺ظ֮ǿġ
˺𣬷ġ
Ȼüûٲ࣬޽ӽԪڡ
ռ䱾ᣬħҲᣬ֮Ҳᣬɣ֣֮Աӡ
֮εĽʥΰ֮Ľǿݡ
ÿһжǷĳ֣˵ʽ˵ÿ֮
ǣ˺ϥ֣صķռ俴ó˵Ľжǿ
ü͵Ҳ߻ħ·ߣԪ˫Ԫޣһǿ
һй󣬿ռ˺һ֣֮յİ½ѹĺֱӱ˳ȥ
ٴȥΣˣ˺Իס
ˣ˺֪̫᲻ƴ
ˣ̫üȽ֮˲䱻ת˳ȥ
ʱ
һǿıԴ֮Ȼӳַʱա
˺˿αԴļӳ֣ԶԶ˻Ԫ޽ɵĲΡ
Դΰ£̫˵Ĺƺˡ
ƿеӬһ



529 ǵʱ
ʦʦ
½ѹǰ½ѹǰ
ƳˣһǱˣޱ۾ꡢսȺܵǡ
ˣλǰû⡣
ǰǱ½ѹܲǰ𣿾Ȼ͵ᣬ
ߣС˵ʲô˵˵Ǳǻã½ѹôȻ뷨
ᣬûУûС꼱æҡͷϡ
ԱߵޱҲʦ
ܣΪױȵˣһ֪仹ģġǰˣޱ۾ʦֱ˼顣
Ȼˣױȡ
ʦޱ۾صģʦ͵ôˡ
ⲻһǺά̫ģɫÿĿˣԾĺ̫վһˡ
޷ָʾѣҲǽѵһ֣֪ĪҪǣ̫ǵĿԣ˾Ͳˡʵʵ˵
ȿȣĺ˺Ρ
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˵꣬ȣԼۿȴǷˡ
Ӫģȴ½ѹϤޱӪȴʦͽ
½ѹΧ̫Ȼϲ
һ˵֮塢嶼ˡ
ŴλδһĸˣֻޱܷŭΪܶ͵͵Ĵ档
ǲأȻĸоǵΪƲסԼ
ޱֻ۲Ĳʵʦ̫ǰû°ɣѵҲˣ
ޱ꣬ǣŶ
û֣ȹ̺ģֵ޲Tü͡͵ˡû˵
òҪἰƺ˾С
ǣ
û£̫ӦòµģҲ޷ֻҲûġ
Ͼü޲Tˣûһ򵥵ģԤġ
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ۿ̫һ˰ݼ
ţλƴǿ顣ҲϻֱӶԵۿͶ̫һ
ۿ֪֮ĸǰǿյػߣĻ󣬺ܹĴӦˡ
ۣһߡ
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СǣĪҪ㿴̹ѵϲǸм̹ģǣǸммû̹ţȻһܺãȴΪȫ𡭡
½ѹһϯˣĴܶе߸
̹ţΪ̹ſٵأ˺ģǡ
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ͬˣȷ˵ͨݲͬѡ
̹ǿǿ󵽿£Զֻ
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ⲻ
ˣ꣬һжڲУֵǰ˵ģ͸ĶԹҵСܲȻ̳и־ǸһжԹ嶼ɳе
⻰˵꣬½ѹĺȣо
½ѹ俴̹ţΪм̹ŵĹͷɣڳޣˣҲˣ˵۸Сˡ
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ԾȻʵһĽһͻĿԲ
ĺеĽ½ѹ¾Ԫ޽ɲԶˡ
ϲѡ
ϲѡ
ĺĽ˵
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½ѹл˵ĹϲЦһɨǰǱĸо
ǲ̫Ƕ֪һ㣬½ѹǰͻˡ

Ƶǣ½ѹǰԵۿͶ̫һƺкøУԶ̫һ˵еӱ鱦֮ԴһҴǰġ
˵İԼĻ֮򴫸˶̫һ
½ѹܾ֮ǰͿöʺ͵ۿֻأõǣڵǰԵ뷨
һΪ˺ܸˣ½ѹĽ̸½ѹǰȥͥ͡
Һ½ѹܾˣ˵һ䣬ڳдܶ˷ܵĻ
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仰ôǺ˷ܣҺЩֲ֣ûʲôˡ



530 ܾ
ӳֺ
˵Ĵսӵļˡ
̫Ѿȫʩչüͺĳɵ֤Ԫ޽ɵʱҲѾ
޲Tħȹͷ鱦һʱ˵Ĵսҡ
صʽͨԿٵʱΰһںһδԾ
̫ˣϵʵһʱֵ̫ĺܡ
ƺ֪̫ǿ˲̫ʩչκεʽһ̫ҪʹʽͻᱻĹ赲ʹϡ
˶̫˽⣬Ҳ̫Ŀ£ʶõķ̫һʱƣмܡ
̫ȴ̽һߣһʥ˵ĵߡ
ʥ˳Ҳ㣬Ҳͺ޲Tࡣ
Լˣ˵Լȫѹʥˣ̫ܸˡ
ĵΰҲͱȸ޲Tǿ㣬Լ޾ġ
Ȼ㣬̫ſˡ
ʹ죬ü޲Tò˵ǵһñʹ죬ȻǾսԱһ
ϣ
̫һ컯ĵ֮һˣȻ컯δԪ޵ĲΡ
ºһҲ˶ʵһѹ˵һݡ
á
͵һû뵽̫к֣һôô¡
Һ޲TֶΣ̫ѶóǵĹ˵׻⡣ĵ̫֪ͨҺ޲T
ü˵
ƣ
ü޲TһۣѸٵ̫ȴΪһ
̫ѲǼʶˣ޲TħüĿռ̫Ϥ˲٣˺ơ
Ψ̫֮Ϥֻк޲Tüˡ
̫Ӳ˽͵һǣ˲ıƿˡ
ڿʩչˡ

áһ޲T˽⣬̫ѹףϴξ㱻̫ѹġ
üͺ̫޲TΪţ˾ÿܲ򵥣鶼û飬ֱӳ֡
κˣ


ʱձޣ̫һʱƺ˲ʵʵġ
ռ俪ʼַ̣ʼ
ü޲T˷֣ԼĵԼķֱ֮ĸо
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ơơ飡
¡
ƣ
̫ΰ̫綼𶯵ʱҲеΰƿصķ֮顣
ۿ̫Ҫɵ˲䣬˾ȫĺƿˡ
̫ʧˣʽ;ˣ̫ܣѸٵĺ컯ֿӺ;⣬޷ݵ
ȻҲܣȷƿ̫ĽʽˣҲǼ;ƿˡ
ҪŪĻ֮˶鷳

¡
ˡ
ĽҲ΢΢
ŵ˺ɫףҪನй¶ˣĿܻΣ
ҺãĽӳֻǸģĿסˡ
̫˲ˣͷһĿռ䣬ڹͷ𣬿֪ͷеĲӬжΣա
һҽС
ʹɷҲüҲ̲סˡ
޲TԴĻָºܣµٻûжĺ
̫Ҳܣ𡢾Ѫ˿
ನɢǱ˶һۣһɬ
ϵ˳ˣˣˡͷɢĺһʹ
ٵС磬ղԼҪĵֿľԴˣСʮ֮һʧ̫ˣôΣԼٵС»顣
ҲˡüҲʹ
üëĽھȻ˲٣ȥܻ
˵Сͺļ࣬ʹΰ࣬ʮ֮һСеʶԪ֮ݻģʾԪˡ
ߣ޲T²ԸҲò˳ˡ
ûпС磬ģȫԴֲôȥԼͳɳ׵Ŀˡ
̫һ̫磬ҺߵḶ́ȻľΰԴûܵˡ
ҪָҲҪϵʱ䣬ʧҲС
ңԼԪҲˣҪʱָ
⻹ǳ˺ʱħս̫֮һôǱ
޲TüϹȻ򵥡



531 ˵
˺ǰ
̫ѣȻ㣬컯ϸõֻĪ⣬ѵǡ
˺˵꣬Ͳʹ̫˲һ棬ĪҪ˵Щãʲôƨ߹ظ㣬ߡ
̫뵽ǰĺܶ෨ɣеĸ鷳Ǵڡ
ԼûǰҲһԼ˾ˡ
̫ôǰ߹ɻУԼھ浽
Լʱˡ
컯
ܽ׵ĲΣܽ׵鱦ˡ
ǴģҪõҲҪĲβС
̫ŻԪ޽ɣ滹лԪ޼ɣɴأĲܽɻǰ㡣
ԼֻĶѣֻѾ컯ں϶ѣ⵹ãԼ
δüͺ𣬽˵ĹؾԻز֮ǰˡ
˵̫ǣҲΪ˵Ϊ˵ģΪ˳ŵ
һЩ£˾ˣ˾Իص֮ǰˡ
ƲԼľ棬ֻ˵߱Դ˹켣һƿصδѡ
̫Ļ˺ûҲΣΪҲû취
ֻ̫ܿ컯
컯ͺ̫Ͷϡˣ̫ԪУֻ̫ˡ
һĻ޲TüȺĽ̫Ľˣǻĵһûˡ
ο˲ᣬ޲Tһʱ뿪ˡ
ü̫һ̾ѵˣϣĪҪ
˵꣬Ҳǰ̫˵һֻ̫ǵ˵ͷ
ǰǱȣһ󣬶˺леȻ
оܣֻȴ
˲ᣬҪȥץչػָ
̫ȴ˺һˡ
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Ȼǰ岹ʱ֪пĿ顣
ڿԼȹˣԼ壬ⲻ
ĪҪ˺ǰȷĻԵֻǵ뷨󣬲еĴ˴εĿ飬˵ǵѽȡ˵ĻԵ£һһ룿
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˺ҲһΡ
ַ̫롣
ֻҪɵͲϾ̫ӵлת󣬻ԼϵȶĵĶ롣
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١ħ֮ȣ̫ϵĲȥ֣Ǹӡ
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̫ҪӲ鱦Ҳôο̫̰
ǣû뵽̫Ȼ컯İû뵽ġ
˺ˣĻԵûˣᰴƶļƻ
ǳ˴©ô졣
οԭʼͨĵһжҪ̫ˣغݻͽ̵ġ
ˣΪ顣
Һܴȫƾ̫ѡ񣬰ѡ񽻸̫̫ˡ
ӲӴ˲źˣ̹Ŷˣ̹󣬻غĽչ̫סˡ
Ʊ𣿡̫Ƶʣ
ѱᣬҲѾֻõԼ񡣡˺һƣֵ
⣬оѾֻһţͿɲԪ޺ˣܵô񣬴˽󣬵ѸǰȥԴиһɺã
̫ûƢˡ
Ҳ֤һ£˺ԼҲԼȻĶŪˣֻĿ顣
ߵĹƣǲ뿼ԼС
ԼΪԼĺȻĶ˲ֻ֣е㡰ˣԼ
ߣ㱾ù̹ŵѵϣ㲹סˣ㣬Ųǡ̫
Ǻǣˡ컯õĶģӦûˣ˵ʵεѺȻĶҲûԤϵ˺˿
˵ܣҲ̫ҪǱ˸ôͱѹǻˡ
Ҳ̫û취
ɣǵ㲹ָ㣬ôѡǵˡ̫
ƣ
˺ȥ˷һƬĿռ䱩¶ں֮¡
½ѹĺһ˲ˣ̫Ӯˡ
˺̫к뿪ˡ
ֻ˵þòݷˣȥϺ̫̫º



532 Ĳ
˺̫Ҳû̫ô壬뿪ˡ
̫һ֣ʧˡ
˻عʱ򣬷ѾԼĵˣֻǶ˸̫
һæкͯͯŮ
˵컯˳ɽǿǵģȻõˣǾͲܵõˣҲǳԿ˵˵Ҫʲô
̫һϯ˿ԭԭ򣬻ΪҪʰء
ҺãͲˣ̫ȸֳֺǾףԼ޹ˡ
Ȼ̫Ӵ̫࣬̽Ĵźжϡ
֪̫ʮǿƲҲûйС֡
ǰʱ鱦̵ֲףӶ̫⣬̫ûС֡
ˣӾλǰԼ֮ǰ
ʶʵǰ֪ô𣿡
ԡ̫ĪĿһӡ
򵥣дܣԭʼͨ첻һ
ӱԴԲΪͨԭʼȱʧ˱ԴԲ
ԭʼ˵Ľͨҵ˶Բ
ΨԲƽ⣬Ϊ
ԭʼ˵ķʶ˳죬ͨҲƽʶ죬һ̡һؽ̣Ϳó˵⡣
ضƽ⣬˵ˣԭʼͨ춼ƽ⣬ź͸Ҳɱˡ
ӵһ壬Բ̹Ԫ񰡣⿴óӵء
ڳ⣬ǹ⣬ô˵ɢѾעˡ
̫ã֮ƽ⣬ǵ磬ȡԭʼͨıԴ̹ԪԲҲƽ⣬̹ԪԲһ塣
ԭʼͨ
Ϊƽ⣬һһҡ
ǳΪ֮һ
Ҳ˱̹ŵ󣬺ְʦһ˸ˡ
һ̫óֻûơ

̫񿴵ӺܲڣƺԼܱһ̫
˵컯̹ŵܳΥĹ׽ĥѣĥѹҪֳ֣˵鱦̹Ԫˣѹ컯һǵ˺ôҲֽ컯
ֵȡˣп飬ʶ·ǰΧ£սʤǣ˿飬˿ӵˣǡ
̫˿ˣǣô˵Ҳ̹ŵѵǶмռСˣǿҪ
̫˵꣬˻Ȼԭˡ
ǰ˶Դ飬ǰ貹ȡӵ
޷Ȼ˵ˣɡ˵˵ϣӱõʲôɣ̫ˡе١Ƴ١
⣿һ㶣뿴ģǷԼ
һʱˣҪʲôأ
л˵ιԥǸ̹ŵԸ񲻷̫ߴٵ
˵꣬ͨѪѿڶǰҪһ鱦ǽϲһǰ
Ŷ
̫һ㶣һֻ֣ὣС
ʱƷ鱦ĵϣʱˡ
籦һ˻ûһƷ鱦أ
˽˼Ʒ鱦ὣ˻Ĺʱڣħ鱦ᱻɱӶõ˴˽ô̫ʵ
ȻˣͨѾˡ
̫Ȼֵͨ죬Ļ
ǰָ㡣ӴʱǾְģҲдķ緶
ͨ컹ʱæͨ죬˳ָ̫㡣
Ը⣬ҡͨ켱æ
ã˵˵̫
㲻ȱٵģҪΪʲô׵ġ⣬˵ʵʺ㣬ڸ㣬֪ۣҽǸ֮㸨ܴ󣬵չ鼫ˣչ鲻ƽ⡣ܣܲõѡ񡣵ȻǱĿôǿ㡣
ͨ죺⡭
һʱ䲻ˣ˲
ⲻǵȹ̵
ʵ֮ǰ޲Tһ㡣
ͨƽ֮ĺôʧ˺󹦵ºɵ
һԸƽһ˶ⶣǱԶѹС
̫㵽ֹѡԼˣ˵Ķ˵ˡ
̫ãͨʺϵıʵԼеĺ칦ߡ
߾ƽĴɣֲǰ㣬ѹˡ
̫ɲѺ߸ͨ죬ԼõĵҸԼôʱˣԼҲиˣûó
ὣ
еĸоǺǿ󣬵̫ûùҲۡ



533 ѡ
ǰҪὣ
չ黹̫ͨԼĹˣȻִԼҲû취ˡ
ƣȻˣͰѴ˽ɡ̫ὣͨ졣
ͨ˿еԼܴˣ˿̵㡰㡱һǰġᶨ

Ӷһ̾оԼܣܴʧһԵҲû취ˡ
̫ԭʼԭʼҪʲô
ԭʼȴǰָ㡣
Ŷ̫һ㶣ԭʼˣ
ȴ֪ԭʼ¸߰Ƿ˵ģ̫ǰԴһΰ˽ѵ󣬲ˡ
Ҫָ㣿̫ʣֵͨһ㣬˵Ҳǰ˵ɣ
ᣬңǰָ㡣ԭʼæҡͷ
Ȼ
ȻϿң̫ҲСָȻһ鱦ΪĲ
ֻ̫һ֣컯Ԫˣ̫鱦ɲ춥鱦пɣĥĺľȴǺĵһ
뵽ԭʼԸ񣬰Щͽǣ̫öùؽڣĥһʱ䡣
һȹ̣ľȹ̣ڷ裬Ŀˡ
˱ƣΪ鱦пɣҪĥĺľĴΪ飬ұ˽ľˮȾַ顭޾󣬻˵һ⡭
ǰҪ컯ԪԭʼˣȻ̫ԼƵĶ鱦
óˣ˵ĥľ͵ģֿΪ
ⱦֱҪ죿
ˣԭʼֱ̲סˣͨӶˡ
ȵȡ̫Ȼһȡ
ԭʼҪ֪Ƕ鱦ڱУӵ籦𶼲ĲԶԶȡ˱ԴֱĥĺľĶûУ˵ͨ
̫ʾˣⲻܲ㡣
컯Ԫ̫׳ļ⣬Ķϲϣܲԭʼ
⣿ԭʼһ㶣
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˼ǣǰⱦǱƺרĥº˵ģ֮º˶ĥĲˣôҲСˣû˱ˡ
ֵ̫ˣѴ˱ںУɶʱΪĥĺľ˱棬ҪһƿرˣʱرգҲҪɸѡĥ֮ˣƿأ㶢Žĥ֮飬ÿУ
ԭʼֺˣ䲻ԼģԼĲ࣬Լƿؽ֮ľȨ
ܲˡ
Ӧԭʼ˷ܵĴӦˣƨǰʴȣΪṩĥ֮أǺĸ
ǰʴȡӺͨҲ
ĵģд˱ǲ̫ģǴػʰ
Ҳ̫ӵȣ˻治УҲ̫һ޵Уҹϵġ
̫ԭģԭʼԼӵв࣬Ҳĥͽܵľ͵ġ⣬ܸԭʼȨ
ȨˡӡĽǰǰ߰Ĵǵˡ
һԭʼĥԣܵõҪأ˵̫ȷá
ԭʼָ㣬ָ̫ˡ
Ȼ㣬ˣΪóģɴ㾭顣̫һ֣һĸ򴫸ԭʼ
ԭʼ˷ܵĸæл
ԭʼһķ˳ˣ̫
ʵķǵ¡Ըȵķ

ӣأ̫ðľ
ԭʼͨ죬³Ըϲһ߰һҡ
䲻̫ǲϲ
̫ãӾֵܵԴԪԴ˲Լֵܳˡ
⣬İţ̫ǲϲ
ǰָ㡣Ҳ
ţ̫㱾ԴԲܵܣ籦浹еȱʧ
̫һ䣬ԴԲȴһе־塣
Ƕ鱦˱¼˳ϲ飬ɺá
𺳵ӣû̫˵ʲô
̫ʣɷ񣿡
ԣԡ͵ؾˣҲ֪̫ʲôܹϵĴӦˡ
̫Ѱ˱¼͡б顱ʱӲŻòԼĲٰ
Դˡ
ǣ뵽ԼյʱһдԼȻ̹Ԫ񣬵ԲԲֵԸ
Ǵἰԭ˼ȾδǵֵܵıԴϣȡһЩֲԼĲԲ
˭˵ҲʱΣѾ޷ͷˣΪ˭֪̫һ䡰⡱ˡ
ˣԿˡ


534 籩
̫뿪ˡ
컯ԪҪ̫֪ͨԭʼ
̫ҲᣬҪȥָһ
õ컯ôĴۣ̫ҪҲҪѾںϡ
ˣ̫뿪ˡ
ɽ
忴ʧ̫
̫ǰȻʴȣǰеǰȴ޼Ǻģʵ˲ԭʼܶݡ
ԽĶ࣬Խ
ˣԼƿ컯ԪĺôڽҪԼˡ
Լƿ鱦˭û£˭ĥľ
˭Ҫ룬ǾҪԼɫԭʼоԼ׬ˡ
˵̫򣬲纣ԭģУ
Լ֮ǰʵ̫֮ܰԶˡ
ǰҵȲȴˣĲˣ̫ǰ£ѡͨҲ̾
̫ϲԼὣˣƷ鱦
Ψӣһӣоܱ˷ˣ

硣
̫Я뿪ڴˣⳡ̫ǰӮˣӮþ춯ء
һü֣ͨޱߡ
һΣ̫ʽĴˡ
ʲôһˡ
ʲôݺްܼ
ʲôʮߡ
ʲôػߣĶˡ
ʲô
ȵȡ
ܶû񻰴˵֪ˣһʱֱ̫׷˺
²Ҫ˸̫еԼˡ
Һ˺һΣǰѾעˣҲˡ

Ȼ̫ǰ飬Ͳ˵¡ͥ
صͥڴ˵
ǰǰޱ۾˵̫ǰֻ˵˵Զûۼ֤ľң컯ᣬȵһ˵ΰ󡣡
ţȷˣǰҸջʱܵĶͣϵĹ˵д˳ɾͣ벻ʴȡ
ףҲǣҲĹ
ǺǣһҲǡ
˵֪̫ƪԭô棬ܶĸ֣ġ
Ҳ˵һ֮û˳ƺëסƪ廯ιԵʡ


Ȼǰѹľλǰ˳Ǳˡ
ˡ
ǣ治õۿʹģҲܵõȱ洴֣ǺǣҲûй£ҲŲ尮ۿʵŰɡ
ִŵʼ봴ĵĹˣʽɺض𶯺ġ

صϺ̫̫˿ˣ档
ǰ̫𶯣Щɡ
Һָ̫࣬˲٣ƷҲΪ̫ṩ˺ܶ
ʹ̫ʧ΢΢
̫λʶȤ뿪ˣֻ̫
ϲѵóԸЦ
̫һЦҪĶᱻõϲ̸ϣһ¶ѡ
ͣһЦĵȻһֱû䣬ǰ㽾߰
Ѽ£˵̰ˣ֪ΪΪ֮˵õ˳ŵȴҲõܵС
̫û档
˵ĺԼ½ѹ
˴˸ͶѣԼ˵һöûУԪ֮ȫϡ
˵ʵ̫ĺ½ѹˣȷһĴڡ
̫еȻģüͺ㵽ֹҲ˴û֡
ݲ֣ȲεĽ֡
ں˻˶˲ᣬüͺСʧܴ󣬺ܲء
˵Ƿ̫̫飬ȵģǻܺΡ
ˣ棬̫ûйǵġ
޷û㣬ȫûҪǰ㻹˽Ȿ𣿱˵Ӳٻԡ̫
һһ룬ҵȷڵΧʱûվڵһԵѳ֣˵ΪС𲻵ãǲһġ浹ǳϿҵĺܡ
̫ˣֻƵðɣԭˡ
л̫ѣҾİˡЦ

̸ֽһ̾ǵãûڡ
û³ġ̫ѿڶ
𣿡澪ϲʣ
û˵õɣ̫еСί
ǣҲóôŵѡ
ϲǴŲ˵ģܴŵǿѼѾͷңϲѴš̫Ц
һȥ롣ȷϲ̫磬ûԼûбӵĸоָоܺá
¶Լڴ˵ܸ졣
ֻǣһʱ²˾Ķѡ



535 ̫
ˣȥˡ
̫ʱˡ
ߣ̫ٻ컯һϸĸ̽顣
ǻһ̫֮̾
ӣ컯ͬ½ˮҵԼ̫Ļľ
Ĵ̨ûһԳΨ컯һԳơ
ҳʮƷ

ּ̫Ų̋ںΪһ
ܳɹƷضΪ鱦ĲΣʱỨʮƷ컯Ǿ߶ԴߵĸҲںϱһеʣ̨ںϺ󣬻ᳬԽʱ̡
̫̾
ֻǣ̨ںϲס
Һ̨ͬһԴҺ̫ΪҺǲ໥ų⡣
̫ΰ̫а̨ںϳɹ
ֻǣ̫һܻ̾ѵʱ䲻٣Ҫܳʱſɡ
ֵҲ޷ֻҪһںϳɹˣ²ڣҲںϣ賤ʱ俴š컯ѱһЩǱԲˣںϺҲ豾ٻѳʱļ
̫˼һ
׺󣬿ʼ׼̨ںˡ
֪ϢڵӣԼ̫֣Ϊ̫ľٶеˡ
ʯնħģǰʱ̫ľǡ
̨̫ںϣǾٵһ£ʦںϳɹ˵ҲöӸһ¡
㣡
̫ھϥԪ̨ʼ໥ĽӦת
ϣ
̫һȣ̨ѸٵĿ£
ˡһһɫͽɫĵϿʼɢ
ռ컯ֻ컯һʼ̲һģɾ
ûз̫аճɹҪԭ
ǰǲԸⱻɣһ̫û취
ûǸþع鱾Դ컯ա
ںУ̫֣ԼҪá
̨Ȼ֮ǰǻںѡ
ҪԼһеʣʣ̨ںϡ
̨̫ںϺ󣬿ܻԣΪһµĴڡ
컯컯ľԼӵĺزɽټԼںΪ
ںϵ̨Ѿ˻ķΧȻͻܱȣѾԳһˡ
˴˿̫˿̨ںϳɹˣˮĥĹˡ
˿̵̨ɢɫĵϣɫаɫлɫĻɫ
ںϺ̫ãӦû仯ɫġ
Ϊ󣬾ݴһǺδʱڵĺ飬Ϊǧ
Ǵ˵Ҳ̫һ㣬Ҳܲڡ
ںϺΪ̫Կ϶ˣһʱζ̨̫Ժˡ
ζƺأ
ѾʺˣҲʺˣ컯ֻһܵһĶ
̫һԥ֪ôƺˡ
˼ã̫֮壬ͽ̫ɡ
뵽ˣ̫ȷе㡰СˣȻ̫
ںϣƺ̫Ϊˡ
̫˷ܵ
ܸ򵽣̨ںϺֱ仯仯ܴһֵϺͽƵ
ʮѾˣ̨׵ںϺ󣬽ΪʮԲƵĻ鱦л鱦鱦ˡ
̣Ҳ̫ܺˣǶ⣬˿´ˣҪͱػñû취
һսСʶʱػȫԷһˣûк֮ǡ
̫ơ
鱦Ǵ˵еĴڣΪԼʱ򣬲ſɰʱ̼ɹ
û뵽Ԫ޽ɵʱ򣬾ӵˣ̫Ϊָ¶Ҫ
һȻ鱦˵̫ĺôһξ޴Ǹ
֮ǰ̫ķǻӺ;󣬻ӿԽˣòˣΪͷӡֶΡ
ڷ̫ͺˡ

Ϊ鱦ضܴϴҲ˵׳ɹһգҪȥнܴĿ飬ֻжȹĿ飬ܱϣˣҲҪϣûǸȨ
һ̫ĵġ
׺Ϊ鱦鱦ƽûȨ
ȴҪĿ飬Ҳ˵Ҫȹ鱦֮٣ܽ׳ɹᱻĿ
䲻֪ΣǿĸţȹĿӦû⡣οɱ䣬ӵд⿼ǱҪģΣҲкô̫뵽
Ҳû취̨ںϳɹٿǰɡ



536 Լ
̫չں̨ڼ䡣
ĵսڼ
ںģǴʬ֤֮󣬶챦ᣬ˴ʱսּ
ںϷţĴڡ
ţѾ壬ЩȺȻ壬ͬ
ԼȺֻ߲ʱǻɳֶѡ
ţһţԶһ壬ҲǳȺţһ
ţھԶ˵ӻĹʱ
ֻεĽѺʹսţѾԶû̫ʱǰǿʢ
ô˵ҲǻĹžʹڵȺһΪȺ
Ⱥܲǿ󣬵
ţһ챦һȻֻƷĲΡ
ڴ˿˵ڲɶõ챦
ĸ֣̫ҺڵĴڣҵ֪ʬ֮ҲնʬҪ֮
ǺֻǻĹķ֮Ȼ׳ˣ̲㡣
һ챦ﶼûС
ڵ֪ûţ壬Ȼд˱󣬺ĸֿʼĶˡ
ԼòҲ׸Ҫĸ֣ܵõֵı
овĸִڣ֪նʬ֮ȴ챦
˶ڣ̫ˣ࣬Ѿˡ
ˣĺĲ⣬Ҳкܶڲɽͷڡ
ţֱˬҴһ㴫еĽԺڲɽͷߡ
ڲɽͷҲ̫ϲ³ççײе߰ţ塣
ǿ׼һ㣬ԼĻˡ
ҪЮţ彻챦
˺Լ׸ڲĸ߲㣬һܵõֵıӻˡ
ݺֵ֪ţλӵĸ֡
ݴԶĴڣΪôҲͺԼƽ̫ҽɺڵΪ
ǣţĸ־һԼ̫Һڵĸȴ˵̫ڵ
һԱȣţ̫Һڵĸ⣬һ̫Ҹֻ֣̫ҳڶѡ
ǶţֵĶ֣ţȴذɡ
ˣһδε̽ԽԽˡ
ʱ䣬ʮţ廹챦̫Ҹǰ
㡭
ţĴһĬ
̫ϳϣô죿ţ峤ǵʵ
̫ϳϣţΨһһĹʱڵţ壬ֻԲߣҲߣ޾²̫Һڶѡ
ʿﵽɺ棬˵ˡ
ţ̫ϳϽţԸֱˬΪţ̹޶һ£ҲҶȹһδε١
ţƺû峤Ļʵǰʱ̫³֪ɣ
⻰ʵģܶţ˾̫ϳϺͿˡ
ⲻһ£ô̫ˣ
ǺεȴڣԼţ£
̫ϳ˵ʲô˼ǲףǺв˵˵ôԣǽɣţ峤
ţҡҡͷǰǲףϺװʶһθʳʱһֻһСţӡʱ̫ˣˣˣһ񰡣
ţƺ׷䣬ƺ廳
ţˡ
Ȼ
ţļһӣȫһɨղŵįһֲ־Ȼ
壬һĴڣǲ׵ģǲ׵µĺܶǲΥġ
ʣǲ֮һǲ֮һ
⣿ţ峤شسϣ壬֮һ

ţһЦͺã˶ѹţҾóĹĹԣˣѾԼˡһǵĸ֣һһԼ̨ϡ
Ļţһ󵨺
ƺһʶ̫ϳһ
һֱչأͺ̫ϳϣȻһ棿
̫ϳϣҵȲţ峤ʲôԼʲǫ̂ϣʲô˼
㲻ضſˣţĹŴж˵Ѿ֧ܶԽǲǵϵţ
ţͷֻɺܶȺˣһ֧Ϊţڣȷǵϵֻû˶ѡ
ţ˵ԼǴϵģǵػģǰѹˣǾ˵һֱڣԼһֱػ
߶߶ţ˵˲Ļ
ʼղ̫ϳĵʲôϿɣػģʲô˼
̫ϳôģҲࡣ
ȻҲ׼һ̫ϳϵļƻʧˣǾ׳챦ǡ
ţȻֻ̫ҺڣĻ̫ˣֶҲǴ˿̺ĸܱȵģ˵ţԪ˫ޡ
Եһĸ֡
ֻҪԼ֣ţһ·ɨȥ
ҲǻĹǵҲĹԼ
ôЩҲ᱾Դⲻɱ⡣



537 ̫
ѹţǰ
Ϊ׵֣ŵĿŶţ塣
ߣţţȻΪǿ󣬵ҵȼ׾٣ţҪǲʶȤǴ˴ֱţ塣
ĸ˵
ǣţ治֪Ȥ챦ǿԿӵ𣿻ʵʵ׳
ֻҪǵõ챦Ϳ׸ĸ߲㣬һҺһͿɸˡ
ǰǺûᣬţҲʱ£ʹһ㱣ͱֶˡ
ţҲ˳Ĵڣۿ˵ڲɹֵҲѹˡ
º֪ܶţ챦Ҳûҹᡣ
к忴Ļᡣ
˵ʵ࣬ڲСĦһۿġ
һĦûУһǶҲãû׳

ţ峤ǽ챦ҵȽѵһ˵꣬ŵǲ˵й涨ڲɱ
ǲɵҲûɱǣֻСĦ챦ѣô
ĸ֣
ţ۾УϷʺſһʱţŭ
Ȼ
Ȼһȣ⡣
ȻǺ֣С˳ҲСˣ֮ܶѣֱŵԴ治֪֪𣿡
Ȼ
һĻţ崫ˡ
Ǿˣǲ
Ǻ壬ţˣ
˷ŭˡ
ҵ˭ԭţϲţţ˵˻Ĵ𣿡ĸ߲
ߣ㻹˵ۣҲˣ֮˶ѡţ
㣿
ĳ׷ŭˣǷһҪţ
ãܺãҵȺɨţ壬ųΪǵūɡĸ־ˣܵҲҪţ塣
ţţƢûϲģֻҪԼ챦߲ᵱûġ
һȣǣţ塣
ʱȫҪƴһ
Ȼ
Ȼ䣬ֻţȻǲУʼµһ󾴰ء
ϣϡ̫ϣţţԼģ壬Լ̨սݣ֤֤̫֤
¡¡
һ죬ںţУֻһĹڤڤж
һֺ嫵Ϣϯģһױȵѹ˳ƶ

ʼۣһҫصƳˣ֡
Уһ޴ƽ̨ˣռ䣬һС硣
̫̫ţǣˡ
һ΢ЦδԼˡ
ԼԼͺü޲TȵԼ֤
ţֻᵽԼԼҪһ˿ۣǰȥ֤
ʴˣ̫һ˿ۣѸٶգţͺмľ޴Լ̨ϡ
̫ĺȻֺ֣ƺô˵صţͺˡ
ղԼֺ𶯣ܱߵĸҲˡ
еĲԣƺڻ䡣

ٻ𣿡̫ŭҲдĸ裬Ϊ֤Ҫϡ
ͨţˡ
˵ţţԼ١
ƣˣʼɡ̫
ǣ
˵꣬ţԼ̨˷ܵĿźɵ۵ĸ֡
壬˭
⻰꣬ǰʮȦˡ
ΪһкȻԺԼɣ̫ٺֵġ
˲ˣǲΥԣԼ־ʹһУҪôҪô
ġĸֲˡ
ԼҪݵľ氡˵ԼһԼʧ
һذܵľ棬޿ӱܡ
ǲ֪Ǳƭˣǲ֪ĸ߲Ŷ̫
̫ΪȻʣǺ壬ǻĹ᣿
⣿һ仰ɵˡ
ôش
ܲ˵ǰɣҾ㲻ҲаԴӡǺʹд˵ġ
ǡ߲ŵŵ˵
ȻǣǾԼʼɡ̫˵
ǲ֪һ߲̲ס˳
ߣѭԼ𣬵
һ
鲻Խ˵ǲ֪ġ̫Ҹʧˡ
𣬻ţ̫Ķ
һĻѿֵˡ
˸ǲ£̫ŵˡ
̫ˣʲô



538 ʦ
һĻ̫߸
亹ֹĺڸ֣ʼŵԼ̨ȥţս
ûг⣬ǿţɵĴɱͬһĺ߲㡣
һĻ嵨ˣߵĸֶ군ˣʣµ̫ڲ
ǳʧҲܲңԼȺл۶ᱻţõԼҲܵԴ
ʣλ߲㣬Լ̰Ѻһ度㣬̫Ҹ֣Ҳûˡ
ȫƴĺţһսţȻӮˣȻɣȴ군ˡ
λ̫Ҹʣĺ峼ˣҲû취
ˣ
̫ķʧˣν֤ߣʤ󣬰̫ӰԼȫʧˡ
Լ³֣úܶ˿ʼӺˣҲʼʶ̫ˡ
̽ˣνԼǲò̫ˡ
ԭǴǰŰ̫ͦǴɱΪŰ죬ֽѵһ塣
źǣĹŵȺǣ̫ɱ죬ѹ޵ʱ򣬾Ȼɱˡ
е𲻸ˣҲкܶСȺͰúƽȺˡ
Եٻ壬ͬƶԼ
˻Ĺ干ƻʣƺʺͳ˧
ֻǺޱвûˣ忪ʼԼˡ
ԼˣԼǱԼˡ
ıˡ
ֱһĹŴڵţ̫ϳϣΣʱԼһΰԼֺġ
µĳ˺ܶܣĲ򵥣ǿʼˡ
ǰ컯ǲ֪ıתˣͿóĵܣһβ֪
֪ĴǣҲ¶Ե´˿̵ľ档
ô˵ţţһʱĵˣۿȶȥͥչţ塣
νһһںҲʹ

ص̫硣
̫Ѿ̨ŵ˾УʯҪնħˡ
̫ȥ
ǰնħ˳ԲնħǵһΣ̫Ҫ۲һ
Ϊ̫ĵӣȴѹơ
λӾҪһҪնħɹˡ
ʯһԲεնħ
ʯʯֺԸƣĲȹ̣ҸҲ̡
̫ʯնħ⡣
Ȼ̫ͺܶԲεĸּ֤£ʯնħˡ
ûл񡢪ǰɣҲ˵˳
û̫࣬ΪһԲΪߣնħɹˡ
Դˣʯ׼ʥڵĲΣеĴܴڡ
˺ϣһ˳նħɹˡ
Ǻܶû뵽ľɽɽĳĬڱˣնħɹ˳Ĳ׼ʥһΡ
˺ľѡˣҲնħɹˡ
ݡڤȣҲͲһˡ
̫㣬Լº͵ӣϺ׼ʥֵˡ
̫޾µĻۣ̫նħľ󣬶ˡ
նħɹļλӣһֱڴһ£Ǿʦ˵ǴﵽԪɣҲ׼ʥʱʽΪŵӡ
ڵֻǼӶѣ̫֣˵Ҫƺүģʦ
˿̣նħɹǿʽΪŵˡ
ʦ˵״ӣǲ֪ҪﵽʲôΣ
ܻԪ޽ɻʥ˰ɣʱǲ롣
һϣλӣ̫оʱÿ죬ӵǿʼɿʼѾΪ׼ʥˡ
̫Ҳ⼸λӵĹ࣬ǵӣԼջʱƷ
ֲ壬ȻֲǾɡ
תۣȶѾ׼ʥĲˣǵõ˸յʱϡĿ
̫˵˵ţǿʯۺˡ
λŮӸѾˡ
ʦԼյǾԼѾԽˡ
˵㻰˵׼ʥΪŵӣȻ㣬ǵʦԪӺʦŮһɡ̫
Ԫ̫Ҳ˵ֻ׼ʥԪɣţԪӴﵽˣԼҲҪΪˡ
Ů洣컯ĵӣȴԼһһһʽĳϡ
ǣʦ
ͬ
˺ѭأӿɳƺʦֻŵӲܳƺʦ״Ӳſɳƺʦ
ûΪ̫Ӧţƻ˹أȻƺʦ
ʵƺʦҲ޷ģѭصĵط
̫ȴҡҡͷǵϣ˵ϣʵأ
˵ź󣬿ɳƺΪʦ𣬱ƺϣܳΪ״ӣܲʦһƺ
Ǽˡ
һƺعصĺģһƺһС
ʦ״Ҫʡ
Ԫ޽ɣʥˡ̫
˿Լ¶ˣȻֻʥ˻Ԫ޽ɲ״ӡ
ʦȱضŬʦĺ񰮡˼ᶨ˵
Ӵ˸ߵĿˣ׼ʥֻǵһһҪ˳ĳƺʦΪʦ
ţŬɣ̫Ц


539 šŹ
̤ϺѰʦ·Ԫޱȵ
ڴﵽʦҪˣ׼ʥڵʵԶĴҪǿ
Ȳ˵ΣǴǰ۵Ĺ£ʹˣԪӶܿնڶʬ
ԪӵĵһʬʬνƶնԪӵĻѸնִնҪѺܶʱ䡣
һϵ̤ϺſϺΧͱˡ
ǺˣΪνϺġܰԺǰʡ
̫ģºܶǰϺеʦеֻһ£ô˵Ϻĵĺܶࡣ
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µԪӵԪӣ̫µӣõʦټǰѰʦ
⻰˵꣬Χ˾òᡣ
˭뵽Ԫô͵źأȻûеһȡ
ԪӾãԼһʦĵܷسֵ֮
ԭԪӵѡܰԾϲ˵ңܰԣԪӵѣѿ
ң̫磬һ߲̫ĵӶǵƣ̫ûԼĵӸһȵȨ
Ϻң̫磬ʵ˵
ܰѾԲնħҲԶˣǰƺҲǵѳƺ
ܰԵѡԪ룬Ǵǰɱֵǰˡ
ӭڵԪӣҪĵʱŮҲˡ
ϺϤŮ洣Ԫȥң
Ů洴ܱŤ컯ʦУǵʦٻȻһˣеŤĸо
Ů洴ȰݷԼ컯ʦӦ
Ԫȴе˵ʦĵڶ컯ˡ
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Ů洺Ԫʧˣ컯ڱչأûˣֻȥ̫硣
컯һֱоȱ컯컯üĿˣúҪ϶Ϊһ鱦컯ˡ
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̫磬һԪӣչ鱻ˡ
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Ԫһôô׼ʥԼĶλʦʦҲ׼ʥˡ
Σ˵Լǿ
ܵʦʦãλǰ˻Ĺߡ
һܵľ̫̫ĵһ֡
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̹̫ܾ壬ǿʵҲ
ǰԪӴȻλʦʦ㶼ƺԼҲԽ
οʦߣֵԼ𾴣˵ʵҲԼǿ
λǴѺͻѡ
λѡԪӸæˣҲԼˣԭĴڣֲá
λǾɽѡ
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ˣŴԪϡ
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֪ԭҪˣȻܼҲжô̫Ķ͡
ȻȵˣǾͿʼɡ
̫һ߸ӣŮɡ
ǰ̫Ѿڴ˵ȴүͽȻ
ͺСͯӣ̫˵׼˲ˮǲͽҪ裿
˼ͽݾߵУԼү֣˵ҪȲ裬ǾүϲȲԵʡ
˹̫ǰ
ν޵棬ģںɣڻ磬Ҳģ䣬ͽ֮ģȴ˵Ȳ׼ʥʱΪŵӣգο֪£ģ飻뱾˵ֻǽ뱾˵ֻĳأ뱾˵ֻǶԵȵĵѡ
̫Ķ̸˺ɡ
˱֮绢ʦǽ
Ա˵صĺģֻĳأ
˾ηֻʦһѡ
Ⱥ飬ͨΰ۷
Źز࣬һʦصʦ棻ֱģɱ޹ͬѰͬУܷ
ʯӣ顢ľޡѡԪӡŮ洣ʦ֮

һһιݺ
̫Ͱ˸ӵˡ
ֻ̫̫ǿкüѹˡ
ʹ̫һ㶼ûš
˺ܴԪӺŮ洣ǵһתƵ̫ǡ
̫һѰλӵ˻ǣԼ˵Ѿõˣ˰ࡣ
˲䣬˴
ʱ
ϣ裡ͺɷµ˵
˵꣬ʯһǰ
ʦȲ衣˵꣬ŰѲݸ̫
ţ̫뵽˺Լ˸Ļڡ
һڣǴ˺Ϊ˺İʦȱٵһڡ
ţ顭Ůˣһһǰ衣
ʽɰʦ֮


540 ʦ
ʦ̫Ѱ
Ϊ׼ʥΣնʬնħҪˣǿ뷨
ȷҪκΪҪ
ûǸΣܱ׼ʥҪĸࡣ
׼ʥնħնʬҪңҪҵƶҵִҵĹȥҵδڡ
̫ҪһֻһǴ̫
ʦָ㣿ʯ˵
ơ̫˵ȥɣҪ̫ˣȥĻĺѰһԼɽȥɣռӣ̵ǣԼ²ңԲҵֻغа
ָ̫˵·
ȥģɽڣѰҼӽ̵
˳Ҫˣȥʶһ£жٻ߲ٶɡ
Ա˵ٺΣգ˵پһδɱĹ̡
λӳ˼̫ԪӺŮ洣λʦʦѾ٣ȫǲͬǵҪˣҪһ⣬ǵĻԵҲνУѾͺ˵ĻԵܲܳɹҪǵŬ
ԪӺŮ洶һۣ䲻Ȼͷǡ
ʯˣȴλʦʦǰԵ٣ȿɸݱ˵ģֿһȥĶѰϲĵطפһռӣң֣㣬ջġ
ǣʦ𡣡Ҳͷ
̫˵е㾪ϲˣ֮ǰʦֵһ
ʦԼһȥǺܺ˷ܣֺ˷ܾǸͷҲ˵ʼ
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⻰˵ú죬ȱ㱻ʦĵˡ
ʦ𡣡ͬ
Ȼ󵨵ȴʦȥѰҵʦָ㣿
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̫΢΢һЦɣ㶫Ե㣬ȥķ絺ɣΪɡ
ôǰԪӶķ絺̫ûȥλҲûȥ
̫˷ѣֱ̫ȥˡ
һһ񲣬̫ˡȥ絺
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ΣϵĵһǺܾúܾòҪѰͽǳʦˡ
Ԫӵһ̫磬ȴǺĺܣλʦʦһԪӴ档
Ǽ˾ŴƷԪӺϲ
˲ιεȻ׽⼸飬ҲԪӺ׽
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Ҫȥ̫ɽ١
ôæ󣬿Ƕʥˡ
ˣǰҵԪӳʥİ취󣬲˺æҡ


541 ԭʼĻԵ
ˣ컯ԪҪ°ˡ
̫Ȼ뵽컯ԪҪţǰӦԭʼ˵ƹ컯Ԫġ
Ϊˣ̫һֱ̫ɸʧ̫硣
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ԭʼ𡣡̫Ϣˣֱӽĵڣ󷨣̫ƺڡ
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Ȼˣ컯Ԫĺã̫㿼һԭʼ
⣿ԭʼһ㶣ڿԼ˼÷ڶãÿɽ˵˽ܵ飬Ҳ󣬷ڴ˵Ҳƿء
˵̫꣬˵ͷ
ԭʼ˽ģڶɽ
ò˵˵ؽδĵطҲĵĵط
ƣͰ˵İɡ̫˵
ֿ϶ԭʼܸˡ
컯Ԫ̫һ֣һС컯Ԫϡ
صĵϣˣԭʼһ۾ˣ춥鱦ԭʼ
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˳컯Ԫǿֹ񹤵ֶΡ
һԭʼǰ̫ƿ컯ԪĽƣһ£˺ͿϤˡ
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Ϥ컯ԪԼ֮ǰǵ͹ˣ컯Ԫ棬ԶԼԤ֮ϡ
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˺е֮飬Լַ˼ġɷɱħ֮ȵȡ
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ǰ⣿ԭʼ˵̫ˣҲ̫ǿˡ
ױΪβԭ˰ɣ컯ԪڱһһжޱģڵһУǱƵģѾγƽ⣬һЩϡеʱĶûˣЩѾѭֻҪʹãԶһָ
ֵƵĳԣΪĥģҭʳεߵչ˵㣬ô˷ȥ˱㴣ںģĥ顣
һΣԭʼĵ̫ʴȡ
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ԭʼԼҪĺܼ򵥣컯Ԫ˭Խǰ㴳󷨡
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ܣһû⣬ǣֻҪʶ˴ĺôԭʼãûܷջ
˵ģԼȥĥһµĺ;硣
ΪľŲ׼ʥԲ̫Ϊרһ顣
׼ʥڣԲúܣһԲ;ƾ͹³ʥˡ
˵û˿Եֿջ
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˵̫꣬뿪ˡ
Ϊԭʼһ·ܸܲһĸ߰ͰĿ˵ĵģͿԭʼԼ컯ˡ
ԭʼǲ˵չмˡ
Դԭʼͨ죬ڱԴԲµĸ߰͸Һ̫ǵӡĹ˲١


542 
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Ӿ֮һ촫ġ
ʲôıĥľ͵ģΪ
˳Ծˣ벻дı
ⱦԪῪһΣÿ˿ɽĥͲǽɲΡ
ܶˣʲôɣ˵ǽɣԺˡ
˵Ĳͬ޲̫ҽɶġ
컯Ԫԭʼƿأ
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ˣеʬ֮ỹǲȥˣնʬҪģⱦ棬ΪҪġ
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׼ͽΪߣԽԽǵƿ¡
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̫Ѿ֪ˣ̹ͬҲ˵Լһǻ顣
üϤ˵̫ĳˣǺԼһĴڡ
ֻԼڻʱҲϢ֮ͨˣôû˵̫أ
̫ţ̫Ͳˣûƾ裬ƺ
ǰǵг𣬻ѹǣȥ𣿡׼׼С̬е뺦޵̬˭˭š

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ԼܱΪ֪µǣһֱڱ˵£˵ˡ
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ħ˵ֵ꣬һŤĥʮ껹ǿǣ
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⻰˵ֵܸ꣬ͬܡ
Լ֮н죬ǴǰǰԴҪľ͵ȹ̡
˱ԵһܣΪڵĥ˴˿̵ݡ
ʴˣľ͵ĵĺôǽ
ǰģȥ˾ˡ
ͬʱ
е۹ʶģȥˣ͸·ܡ
̫̫ˣ˵͵ƺƵȥˡ
չشĵҲ׵ĺľҪҲȥˡ
ƺƵĸ·֣׷׸ɽԶ

һɽŨ
ԭʼһռģΪ˸컯Ԫҵõط廹壬ֱӸܡ
ʲôұ
ãҵŵۿ
̫ԭʼ͵ǫ飬Աָɫˣ˭
컯Ԫһɱ󣬱Ҳֻá
Ȼۿ֪ɶû˵Ȳ˵ֵú巭
ο컯ԪҵطȥͥǶһӭ

߲֪컯ԪڴˣԶȥ˳
Щ˲룬ҪԼ鱦öãκֻ롣
վǰ
ӺͨҲĥԭʼֱֵܽ롣
˵һβҲ˵ֵ˽Ȩοֵܶ˿飬Ҳ롣
ŵģҲбǮš
ԭʼ󣬾úܶԣǵһ֣
ԼҪϸ񣬲ͨ飬˭У˭ҷԾͺ˭ǡ


543 ĥ塣
Ĵܣʶһ컯Ԫΰ󣬿ʼԭʼˡ
ԭʼֽ̬ǾͲϲκƱǿҪά⡣
ϲԭʼѣأƿȱ˾٣ۿ磬Ȼ˵

ǣǵǰĹ£ֻǴΪƹܶѣĪҪ˵㡮׽˭׽Ҳʹ᲻ܹС
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ȻԭʼһۣҲعά˵ˣô˵ʹ飬˵ʲôãҪҪ᲻ܣҪ׼˭С
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٣̫һףƢҲǺһ£ûԭʼ
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ڵģнˣһڲܴ󷨣Ҳᱻ̭
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⻹ΧĿ飬ڲö¡
ÿԪᣬǣܼԪĿ²ɣ
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гһ뷨
ܣԽǼԽģǵԽȹ̵ģ˵ǿģҲջġڴ˭˭Ŀ飬ֳһʤ
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˫ǵŽΣϣԼĸʱ£ܹȡúΡ
⽫ǺĵһζӰش
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ô˴αȵģȾ磬˭һζԾ
ǲ֪ڴ󷨵ĴûС
Ѿ̭ǣʼΪԼʻף򿴺þصĴܵˡ
û뵽⻹һζεĿ飬ҵȴǰôû뵽أ˺ơ
Ҫ뵽ˣִٵ׼


544 ̫
û뵽һߣҵȲǰĴڰ
ǲòķڷˣû뵽
ȻҲ˵û뵽뵽ˣ̫ڹע
ƲĽԭʼʵġ
̫ɲǼ򵥵ĺĶѣе̫ˡ
ĥֻһкܶأ
磬컯ԪˣҪ׳ɼƷ鱦ͲǴ˿̵̫ġ
ôֻ辶
辶Ը۴󹦵£Ȼ½£Ըۣϵģ컯Ԫ׼Ʒ鱦
򹦵ºԸԵʣ컯ԪǼ򵥵ļƷ鱦ΪƷ鱦
޾µĴ޾µΪĥģ˵гΪ칦ĻᣬδܾԶ˭˵׼أ
̫ǰ컯һԪϺѹϺӶõ޾µĻۣһֽ׵;õ;
ԣְ̫⵽컯Ԫ컯ԪҲ컯һԪһ
ʱй¿ԻۣʱԸۡ
̫뵽ĵڶء
ڵظס
ĥߣʩչֶΣʩչͨ͸ƿصķ
컯Ԫ¼ǵķͨһӻĹŵ޾δ컯Ԫصģһĵıʷ
ĸͨȵֶΣᱻ¼ᱻղء
һеһпƲۣЩ̫һ㡱Դ
ԼվȲ۰̫԰Ҳ˵Լܱȵĵۺ͸
컯ԪΪ̫һ޴ݿ⣬ֵһС
ϡ
⼸أ̫󷽵ģѻԪóĹؼ
ķ̫Ҫյôġ
˵ֵĴ裬ԺҲãǵ̰
׳׶̫ףҲĴ
ʱʱ͹ˣı̫࣬ϰΪ
˸мҲˡ
˵̫ҪǸмֻҪǵۣ
ô
Ű̫ûһʱվʱǿʼԹˣƺ̫Ӧһ
Ǵ̫ܲܣټ޴͵ϮԼ֧Ԯȴ١
̫֮ˣʱԡˡԣ̫ǨֻͣԽԽ鷳
βһ׬ȡĺôֻܶ࣬ǻԪ̫ѣ׬ˡ
׬˫кôǾ
οԼ׬˺ܶ࣬ǻ֪Ӣ
㡭
̫ʱĹעһ´󷨵Ĵܡ
һעǺܾá
ʱţǧʱӵʲõһȹ󷨡
˺꣬ԭʼͨ졢ۿʡޱ˵ȣҲͨˡ
ǧ󣬽ǧͨˡ
ʱȥǧ꣬ڴڼ䣬нʧˣƳˡ
ֱĿǧ˰ͨ˿飬ȫ̭ˡ
˵ˣֻвǧͨǧ˼˺Ĵڡ
ȻҲûԪŮ洵ȡ
ˣ֮󣬺Ȼһ뵽˺һ뷨
ҵȼֿʱ䳤̣ҵȵȹ̵ǿס
ⲻһĥģһλʵĻ֣ˡ
ؽȡⲻǿ飬һʵ
ڴһ㱡
ɫء
ڣÿÿ˵Ŀ鷽ʽͬǲܵġ
һȷĶλܣǵĵǡ
˵ᷢԼԼⲻ֪ԼԶľ棬ǾͶ˶ˡ
ԭʼܽš
ƿش᲻ܶһҪֵ̹Ԫ˴᲻κˣۿޱܣɣ˭ֵܼĳ
ԭʼʱһ
Ը͵ԭʼƴˡ
컯Ԫ֮ʾ˵ֻвǧͨٽǧȥˡ
ߣҪȡοȱǧ˾Ϳȱɣûʱȥɸѡԭʼ
컯Ԫĵһ㡣
컯Ԫб仯̫ʱͨԻοûм̭
ԭʼбûеĺô룬֪ж˽ڡ
ȱ˶ĺô
㡭
ǧĴǿʼĥˡ
󷨻󷨣ȴǱ滹Ҫǿ󷨣ǽջôĽˡ
㲻֪䣬ͻᱻķһˣĲȣĲȵ̭ɡ
ҲкôֻҪļƿ㯣Ƕȹ󣬻̫֮ǰµĸҲĵط
ûƿ㯻нҵĸԼ̫صһЩ
ۺĵطһֵָĪڴ˰
潲ԵöԼﲻһϸָ㰡
дǰĸֵ̫˵ĸ⡣
תһԪʱȥˡ
ǧ˵Ĵܣ˿ʣµֻвʮˡ



545 Խ
ߵӣѾ˵㣬󷨺һЩΪĿ飬סˡ
׼ʥһʬ߲ڶʬ˲ǺҲնʬŲ׼ʥԲ򵽡
ҵľմﵽ׼ʥնһʬãҪѣѣѡ
һ˼󡭡
Ȼ㣬ǾͶɣ׿εĹǣҪջſɡ
Ȼ̤ڡ
֪ǣʱ򻹴ڵĲʮˡ
ⲻʮնʬĴڣҲ׼ʥڡ
׼ʥڵģǽĿĵء
ֻҪ׼ʥԲܶȹ㣬߲㡣
׼ʥԲģֻԪһˣԪû̫ء
Ӳ㲻úʣĴˣеĻɣеѾϲȣҧְ
ԭʼ˽˺ӵĸһ㽫ᶨ˳ϣԼֵ
۴ʱ硣
̭һû뿪ڵľ档
һʤĺǿҲǼ֤һע𶯺ĵĽ֡
󷨺Ϳ飬һʱڴܿ಻ԡ
㯺ջ󣬲ϮǵԴڴ˺䣬жʮ˱̭ˡ
ҧ֣κվǵľ緶롣
ֻʣӡԭʼͨ졢׼ᡢڤӡۿʡޱˡꡢԼ˾ĸͺˡ
ʮˣ˲˷׷Ĵڡ
Ժǵĸʸ߲㣬ڣ˵һʱͷ
׺ܰգרǣȷǰԪʿֻǺǿǺܾϲ
ֻط򣬿˵Դ˺óԲؾȡڤ
ţд硢ѣֻǲһ˶ѣŵġףֹ
˵꣬ˣϲȣЩɢӲͦĽ
ⲻˣֻҪչػָһͺãõĸͶԵĵĥǴջ
ĴЦȻûָЦ˭ɵóڽϾ
ֻˣȻֻˡ
²ûףڷ𣬷ҲǱĳˡ
࣬һ԰ףֻþƺûɢȥɫÿҲȡ

һЦˣûʲôǸˣȴһٶʹ졣
˲ɫˣճЦ壬ʳˡ
ߣһһߣۿֻ
ôСӣһ𣿹ףڵ˵
ļλȴסˣĪҪçﲻǶֵĵط
ǷʡڴӦ

˫ĽҲڴ
ֻʣʮλˣȻǿ˾ȵĸͺƣҲģû뵽
ǰĸһŮȴǿǶɫÿд
˶һۣȻÿ
ΪȨߣȴȲĸȻɫÿˡ
˵ţĿŵ£Ѿۿ˲ˡ
ǰζǶˡ

ҲˣǿĵĲӦð
⻰ʵĺɻ
֪ƵĵУû뵽ܼôã˺ܻɡ
ѵϺĥģԾкô
ܴǰˣֻΪɵȴ룬ǻơ
ǰ
ƶ֪ԼֵĳȻõ˺˶Ŀ࿴
ʵԪӵѺŮ洵ҲҲֵˣԪӵǵһ֮ˡ
ţȷˡ
컯ԪǵƵģΪĵӣԪӵѺŮ洵Ѷо飬˵Ԫӵ֮ǿ󣬾ΪĥԵʡ
ţпܣԪӵѵǿĿãս塣ֻǣŮ洵Ѵɽ¶ˮҲ֪Σ
Ҳ򵥣еĴڣܸ޵һȻԶԶҵȡ
ǰ͵治ġ
˲ֹס⣬˵޷ǣ̫˺ǸСġ
λǲ׺Ԫ񣬼ǿô˵ĹȥǺףΪҲǿ
ףһ㶣ˡ
ֻ֪ף䷨֮ף˵ռ׵۽Ŀռ֮Ҳǿ󣬵ֻط岻õģϺ׻αȵ۽磬˵ֻͨطĶһˣûдܡ
Ϊֻأʣ
᲻֪û̫ҵȸˣߡ
ڴ˴˵쾪뷨ʱ
쿴
ǿ쿴еѳˡ


546 
ȥγе࣬ˡ
ĸơ׼ᡢޱɫ԰׵ĳˡ
һֻʣӡԭʼڤӡͨ졢ۿˡ
аλλӹɵĳΪĴ˿ǰʮĴˡ
ΪǰʮǾԪӺŮλڴˣ֡
ֻʣˣ˷ˣǰʮȷֵǽ
ڡ
ڻаˣ֪ôˣԭʼ̽鵽˿̻аˡ
ҺҸƿһ󷨣õ˵ָ㣬˾һұضȲ
ԭʼоգҪԼͻƵһ󷨣õһ󷨣Լʧܵʱ̡
󷨲Ǽ򵥵Ĵ󷨣ÿ󷨺󣬻жӦĸֹ
ЩлĹܶͨ߸ֶˮ硢ȡ
ÿεĹǡôĺ͸նȹ󷨸Ӧ
˵ȹ̵ĥһֹΣҲҪ
Ǹеǣÿ󷨺ĹҪĵĺ;ƽ
ֻҪȹǰ󷨣ܿȹֹ
乥ԼķҲǾԲںϡ
ò˵Ϊ˫˫õĥܴӸֹиͨԲġ
컯棬һδˢǵ֪
ͺñһûм޵ʦ趨ͱ۷ˡ

ʱѾȥ˽Ԫʱ䡣
ڴڼ䣬һδεƿ㯣ľ͵Խӵȹˡ
ڵԪʱڤӡ˳ˣֻʣˡ
˵ĳͬʱҲд󶨣ܶ룺ȻˣȻԼԤһڤȳˡ
ڤӺܰգΪԼˣû뵽ˣ˺ơ
ǣǷֲûбЦ˿ԼĿгĽ˺˺ܶࡣ
򵥵Ļָһ˵֪˻˭Լǿ
֪Ǵ˵ʱǼͷҲɻ
ȷϣǶû뵽һֱ˾ȻҲס
Լ£˵ǿ󣬿ֵҪˡ

һΣʶǿ
ֵܶռһλá
ѣȻ
ǰ̹ԪȷǿѶռˣò
ǽû뵽ǿľȻ͵ۿԼ
ǰ
׼ɣֳΪǰĴڣȻܸˡ
룺˭ҿ
һֵܵҲо޴ĺô

ֹ˽ǧʱ䣬ۿˡ
Ȼ䣬屬˾޴Ļսһ˷ˡ
ۿ֪˺û̫ľȣͽ𺳡
磬Сˣܲ򵥰̫һ
ȷСˣҲǣԪ˫ޣ˫ޣǿ˫ޡۿ
Ҳǣǰ͹ǿˣԪǿˣ⽫һĴС˸̾
֪
δնʬǰѾǻԪɵǾͲˡ
̫Ԥ㣬̫ΪԺӽΨ
Ȼ
úͨˣͨһİգɫ԰ףƺֻþͿ黹
ͬȻһıֻ࣬Լ֪ջ̫ˡ
ԼĴͻƣ˴ĥĺ;Լ̫Ҫˡ
˭Եһڣˡ
ֻĴ˲ָ컯Ԫݡ
л̫͡ϢȣȻȸл̫
һĻĺܶܲҲæ̫˳е죬ˡ
˵Ѿ˱Ƚ˭ǿľ档
ֻ˴εջж
ÿһ󣬶һָ̫򣬻ߴǰĸЩջ̫ˡ

ǣҲԼĸ
Ҳºĥ˵һ󷨺󣬻õԼĸ
⿴ܲ뵽Լĸ򣬱󱲼Ѷȹ󷨺õޱȵڴ

ԽԽ˳
̫ĸ⣬ı˹㷺ἰ
λѣǵ£Ϊܸߣҷֺܶѳ˵ָ⣬ܶ˵õλѵ
ҵõǰ

׼ʥƺѣ޳ƺǰ
һʱ˵Ȼڴܡ
˲ĸоҲĽܶԼĶܼ
ϣߣõԼĸҲ˿̵Լл
档
ƽʱָ飬ǻ֮Աǡ
趨֮ˡ


547 ̹
˵ӵѡԭʼѣλ˭ȳ˭󣿡
𣿽ϵԤƣȳĲѣԭʼѣӵѱضһ
ţҲġ
˷׷ײ²⡣
һľӵһԭʼֲ١
κǲ֪֮糬ǵ
Ҳ֪ͻԪ֪ԪҲ̹ŵԪ
ΨͨãԼˡ
ֻ壬֪̽ԪҲ̹Ԫ䲻ǵǿ
̹žѪ̹Ԫϸ˵ѾԽˡ
ȻͨԤУ˵ľԭʼˡ
ʱ˶֪滹ˣһǴ磬һͲö֪ˡ
ô˵ûԪӵĴڣԭʼԼضǵڶģû뵽ûпɶԪԼǵʧ
ԪԪӣ̫̫С飬̫ϲᡣ
οûĥѲнԼȥɣľҶᡣ
̫ĴڣԵЦ˿ɲ
ԣԭʼȻԪӣ̫𾴣Ϊһ̸
ԭʼͨ죺ܣ˴绹˭

ԭʼ˾ˣԺϷ̹žѪ̹Ԫؼ
ԭˣ𣿡ԭʼ
û뵽ԼĿֶһԪӡ磬ֶ˸
磬Сˡͨ
Ҳ㣬͵ϵܺãǵĴ裬ѡԭʼ
ɡͨ췢ֶȻǶ磬

ȴˡ
Ȼ׹Ȼһ㶡
˷ֵһĻ˵λǷ̹źᰡһ̹ŴԪһ̹ŴѪȻ̹Ŵᡣ
ףǣǰˣˡ
Ǻǣ̹ڵ𣿡
ЩԭʼͨҲˣкܲ󻹺ãҪǴˣͶˡ
Ȼʵûء
ǰռֻᾴ壬䲻ڣһԼǿĸ䣬ûôɵ
Ȼ⣿
ڣ
ʼղ֪ж˵ӣӿʼĸ򣬵˿̣ʼҧļˡ
ǰǸջãڰʱ䣬ԽԽá
̹ӡ
˸ӡ
Ϭͬʱ롣
ֹ˽ʱ䣬˶е̲סˡ
ǣǡǿķ֣ԼʧֶαѣȻҲܴ
еɱһǧ˰ٵĥʽֲпķʽȴͦ˼ǧʱ䡣
˵ΪҲƴˣһƴ
һ˭֪ͨһʩչˣϸ֣ᷢⲻնʬһķҲԲԭ
ǰԭʼͨһԪ񣬼Լ̫֮ԪԴԲһ塣
̫Լһԭʼ֮һͨ죬֮
ܣκˡ
ֵܽѡ
һ˺ܶ࣬Эļ֡
еˡ
ҺԪǿǰ˽ǧ꣬ڡ䡪һ
Ҫʧ̣컯Ԫͳȥˡ

쿴
ˣ
һȦΪܵ͵Ϯˣǲ԰
Լʮһλܵò͵ϮԼȵĿԼΪΣ
չ飬ʮһλ׵ĵ˺ܶ࣬ͳҩȥź˺ܶࡣ
磬лһµ͡ˣæѵ
һĶ컯Ԫһ󾴰ݡ
ⲻ֪ľݣ컯Ԫõ˺ܴˡ̫ԤƵĶá
˵̫Ҫл½һΪһȥ컯Ԫ˵̫Ҫˡ
ָһʵ˭
׻ûشһ
ӵѳˣһ˰
ڳˣ
һ̾
һĵ
磬˵˭̹ڡףںܵ˵
һ㶣ԼĻһȻӦˡ

磬磡˷ܵԭʼͨ죬æӭȥеεӿֵܸˡ
ղŻһأھֵˣȻܡ
ϸճԵʣûָʮֵ˵ûԻг߳ȻӰľ
磬Ӯˣǲ̹ڣǴ˴εĵһˣҪǿ˷ܵͨ
⣿ӱ˵㡣
ˡѸٷ˵ҩסƣҲӸղŵ˳
աӸ̾Ҫܵһĺ˵Լ£λֵ̹ϡ
ҺãҺã뵽
ɫ¶Ц⣬Ӯˣ̹塣
ԭʼ£Ҳ̫˺Ž˵̾͹ء
ǲ̹ڡԭʼĴ˵Ĳᡣ
Ѿ˵嶼ʼˣҲ֪˵ɶ֮˲˫ȫвһӡ
ʱ
ǧһ֮ʡ
Ȼǰһ뿪ڣ
׺Ƶ壬ֱںƿǰǳƣס죬û¡
һ㶡
Ҳһ㶡
ˣǺҪ˵ˡ
ˡ
һ㶣ĵȻ壡ȻԺƶôϤֲ˼ǿ
ҲˣôѵΪϺˣ
ǰǾúɵϸ˼£Ǿúƿܲɵһĵ
ôͺưôãͲͨ
Ҫ֪Ϊ޲T£ƶħеߵĻǿܲˡ
ԣеɢĵϣܼôãҲΪ޲TԵʡ



548 
ףҲɨ˺һۣûµļһ
ԭʼ˵ģǲ̹ڣҲû˺ϾʱԭʼеȨյĸо
οԼȷˣû˵ʲô
ʼռǵ̫Ļ̫˵ǲ̹ŵ仰ɲ˭ܵõġ
ʶ״˴ĥɺ뿪ˡ
뿪ĴҲ뿪ˣĥˣÿԪᣬнԪᡣ
һǸӵϧ컯ԪڵҲҪѭĻָ
ǣҲãܣһ͹Ǹþˡ
뿪ԭʼرΧ󷨣һ䣬󷢱ɱͷ󷨡
Ԫ¿ʼνˡ
󷨼ϴ˴εʢ̫ıԭڡ
أû˭Ҫĸ컯Ԫע⡣
ˣҲҪȥչظ򣬹̴ǰջ
˴ʢȴˣδĴܷ׷׵ĺڲѡ
⣬塢ۿ˵ӵǿʢǹϵǰĴˡ
Ҳ˾ãһеִ٣һкܶܲӣ˲ûϵȫ
ԪӣŮ洣ۣģȡ
һβʢһΣһεҲӵļңԻᳬԽһΡ
ʶ˺ô´˭Һԡ
˵Լ˵ӣ޵֮ˣ˭ܲںЩ
Ȼ
иȴ˱Цϡ
˾ǶҲ־͹ĸǿ
ĵһˣȻȲϵڶˣǸŮ֮кܶ˿ʼЦˡ
ޱȵĺڣԼ˴ο顣
˵֣˶Ϊο˷ܣΨ˴οڡ
涫ĸǰȥ飬Ǽʶλ˵ĿҲܡ
Ҫһδˡĸ߲
УЩϲҰģЩϲĸء
иԵ֧ߣǰϲصĶ࣬ҲأǰŽĲš
һЩϲصĸ߲㱻滻ˣֱ뿪ˣ˫˾޴
ŬЧĶˣҶһȺҰĲ֮ˡ
ΪεۿԶϲޡ
ĺܶңǴǰʱĵˣеĽ׷ɱʸڶ¡
ǸҰģҰԣ屨
ģԽԽӶԭ
潲ĹϵϻƺĹϵټûĵߡ
ŵ£ûһʱԶ֡
ӵ˶档
Ȼǿ־ģȺν󣬶Ż᳹׵ġ
˴Ρ
˶ˣһ·һ仰ûĸ˵һսʼˡ
ĸеˣ˺Ͷֿʱˡ
ǰԥһֱݲˡ
ԼҲûԼĸ£νɣҲǴԼĻӶѡ
Ψһ˳۵ľŮԼɽˡ
ŮҲǳأĸϲΪӵ뷨
ǰһֱæźͶϲĺ󱲶ĺˡ
ĸ͵ظеһɣǰˣˡ
˿̵ص֮ǰ״̬ȥܺĵķš
Ȼ
ص˫սڳ
ڣĸ˶˵ԼĿ
ĸѣˣȻеˡ
ǲ᣿ǸоҲã
ĸȥԼ»һӵĲʵ˺
ĸ뿪ԼΣԼĸ
Զˡ
ѣˣҽܶ࣬ɽչһȻҲֻǴ˺Ҫ飬ҾͲˡĸԶҲе顣
û̫㶫ӡ
Լ룬˵˲½̫࣬ԼöĶȨ
Ȼĸ˵󣬶˷ˣ˲һˡ
Դӣͨ콨ľͥԼд˵ģ˹Ϊ
ȥɡ
ĸ
˷ܣĸ׵ĻˣԭԼ㲻ҪԭһֱԼ鰡ȻԼʲôġ
󲻹ܶΣԼˣˣҲ׵ˡ
ʵĸԶеŮģȻˣҲˡ
ܽĸ徲Ůǰϸ񣬾Ǵ˿ʼġ

ĸ뿪ˣˮֻ˾ŮԼŮɻӡ
Ķ֪ûĸĿˡ



549 컯
컯ɵ
˴ο飬ú𶯣ƶϲ𣬱ļƻˡ컯̫ص
Ǻǡ̫һЦ˵컯ԪǱƣ˺컯ֶƣν˹ͬѪҲĿǰĳɾͣȻûɳȥ
ǰ컯ԪҲĿǰϵƹӼѵһеĲúͼǻϵʱ䡣컯Ҳ̾
ԲûˣΪ֮أ˵õ£ܼغиĺôݲñӡ
컯˵ͷȴЦ컯ԪҺĿǰߵˮ׼ǣܿͲˡ
컯ԺЦ̫Ҳ˵ͷ
ͷΪ컯Ͳȱ컯ʹΪĲΡ
˼ƻ̫յõ鱦ʱ֮ǰһֱûʵ
˿̣޾µĥ컯һٵоҪʵˡ
컯ǿ̫õĲȱ컯ǵ
Ϻ󣬴˺Ǭһ鱦
ƻ̫ĺʹǰռģ̫컯û
ǲ˷ѣſ컯ɹ˵
ǰ͸飬Ǻ֮ǰ컯Ƶġ
һ֮󣬿ʼˡ
һԴ̫ƿزȱ컯컯ƿ컯֮ںϳɹ
֮ںļΪжÿһҪĿ顣
ǰ컯
ʵ̫ȫȥ̫ںϣ򵥺ܶ࣬Ҳؾ׽١
ǣ̫кܴı׶ˡ
̫ںϳɹֻ̫̫ľͲˡ
Ӧ󣬲ǿ췣
˵̫鱦õһһںϻ粻ںϡ
ֻںںϣ飬ʹ䱻ϽɣܳΪ

컯оĺ͸Ϊǿټһ컯ƬһǻԴޱȵǿ
ں˺ܶࡣ
޲TûǿıԴϣֻգɱôʹܣָĽ
̫컯ɶˡ
˺ںϣʮԪҵںϳɹˡ
ʮϣı־Ϻ컯Ƭ컯ںһˡ
ߣ
˶һۣѸٵϺ֮ȥ
׽ٽ٣̫̫䶯ҲϺܽѣֻȥϺ֮Ļ֮ء
Щط̫Ϥ֮ǰ߱ĺ֮
˺ܿҵһ찵أ쫷Хռѷܲĵ
ȥ
̫һ֣ںϺ컯С
컯ǰ̫鱦컯˼˵˵鱦˵Դһ壬˭ˣ˭ƿء
ֻ̫˲¯һֱ컯ʹãҲ컯˵ĵ
컯еҲͱ̫㡣
йӲ׽پ̫׽ٺϤ컯ԼܿͿƲԼͺ׽١
¡

׽ٿ飬һʱ𶯣졣
ô£Ϻ֮򣿵ĵ̣һǲҪĺá
Ϻǵﲻȥǿ鱦ϢҲȥҪǱˣǾ͵ùˣỹǱչذɡ
Ϻﲻȥ
˼ָ컯Ԫĥҵȣŭ˼ǿ

һƽ˾ľ档
ҪǱĵط𶯣һǿ鱦ϢͲҪȥˡ
ֵϺǵû
Ǿã˭˭Լȥ˻ˮǿ˵ԼҪǲС˼ˡ
˼ҼԼСᡣ
ǣЩӵ塢塢ԭʼǸӣټϵĵӡ
ԼͱˣѵԼǣЩӵҲԼ
ԣ˵ɶ¶ûС
ԵСǣȴȥˣĺ֮ȥ
û޵ʵȥ﴿ûȤ
Ψ
̫ѣܸ鷳ô˺һơ
Դŵ֪컯컯ĲƬںϳɵ
ˣ׽ٶ̫ãʱ̫˵һʱ˳̫鱦ص㣬ԼƿԣĪҪˡ˺
׽ٶ̫ã̫컯ȹ׽١
ˣ컯ǿ϶ˣ׺̫鱦󣬲Ҫ˾С
ˣ̫Ͳɵˡ
ƴǰ͵Ļ٣лرġ
ûô裬̫
һǶ飬ٶǳޣ̫˽⡣


550 ɹ
Ϻ֮
컯У׽ٻۡ
ͬ׽ٿ飬ΧɪɪЩûǻ۵ޣǰ̫ܶࡣ
ǻۣ޸飬ܵ׳Ӷᡣ
Ҳ־ˣ׷׵Χߡ
һ겻ĵȴΪ׽ٵۣķӦ
ĺƱɢˣڲϵ
ʱš
ǧۣ׽ٽˡ
䣡
ɫ׽٣컯ϡ
䡪׽ٵײ컯һ
̫ԤƵһԼڣ컯ȹ׽Ҳʧأֱӱ
컯ǿȲ컯컯û̫İҲܶȹֻеѡ
컯ȴС
䣡
䡭

ǰ׽ٶ̫ûг֣ڵߵʱ̫ˣٲ컯Ҫʧˡ
ǰ컯ĥȴҪԼæˡ
ƣ
̫ʩչһȭӭ˵ߵ׽١
¡
ʱһһ췭ظߵĺѾˡ
ǰڰ֣һ׽ٵЧӦгһ춷
ǻ׽٣Χĺơ
̫ƣ˵ҪˣǺĺƻһɢҪں϶ѡ
ȻǿһԵ컯̫Ӳǻ׽١
һһЩ׽컯ĥǿ̬컯𺳡
ý׻ԪˣԶ۲ģٳ˲Ͳˡ
ƶ׻Ԫ޺󣬺ͱԴһ壬賤ڱչСУֻҪܱĸͿɣһʱ乮һͺá
˱Դһĺô
ϰĽ̫ĸԴǿ࣬޷̳̫и
ȹ̿ٵܼ򵥡
̫һʱմ󷨣컯ͿɣԼٵ컯
뵽ˣ컯ã컯׳ɹԼȥչأ粽Ԫ޽ɡ
컯ѹ̫
ĵŮ洡
ͽܲ˸ǰ;ͽܸ
Ψһû뵽ǣͽܻԵ񣬲þҪΪʥˣԼɲͽܶʥˣʦԪɣԲ
컯ѹԴŮ洳ʥ֮ǰ׻Ԫ޽ɡ
ʱ
ڰ˵׽ˣ
䣡
Ԫ޽̫˵ֻһ¶ѡ
Ȼ۵׽ֱӱ̫һȭɢˡ
ƺ̫׽ٶˣģģġ
˵ھŵ׽ٵȻˡ
ãԪ㣬²ɣ̫еơ
ΪһҲڣԪ޽Ĳ
룬һȻԽ㣬ֱ˻Ԫ޽
̫ҲͻԪ޽ѣΪԪ޽㡣
Ԫ޽Ѿ̫ʵˣһ׽١
Ҵ̫ʱȫӺʱ̳У֣ص׽١
׽Ҳ飬ʵҲһϡ
󣬷סҲã˼׽ٸճͣշûͺˡ
ⲻ׽٣
¼ˣ̫Ƶԭ򣬴ǰ̫ˣùˡ
׽ٱǺ̫һ̫ڣ컯ָܽס
˵ˣҹڣ׽컯ȹС
ҿң
䣡
Ʋɵ׽ٹ
ߣ
֣
̫һĳ׽ϣȻûȥֻ˵㡣

ʱ̻ӳ
ˣ¡
׽ٺʱ̵ĶԾЩһأ׽ٵС˺ܶࡣ
ӣ
ƣ
̫ӷʱ̵
䡭
ǿݵĲ;죬Ĳ鱾ԴĿ־塣
̫׽ٵĽ֣ڹˡ
׽ɢˣ̫ûܶˣֻɫ̫ÿ±ƻ˵㡣
Һû˿
ֱһ⻮컯ϣʱ
컯󣬹âʤתʮγת
ϵ̣ƺ˹һ̻ᣬড
ľ˺þá
̫һ̧ɨһգмһüǶʾ
컯컯̫Ѹ˲죬˵ҲԼ̫ˡ
ڳɹˡ̫컯һ壬컯׺Ѹٱ֪ˡ
ȻûڴǬ컯һˡ
̫˿
컯˹𡭡
޷û¡̫һֱʾû£޷컯Լôѡ
컯ǳɹˡ̫οĿ컯
ǰ


551 ȵ
컯
ı仯̫ԤƵǰ㣬˺Ƶ鱦鱦ˡ
Ȼ̫ò岻һˣ̫ԣԣ鱦ˡ
˵ģ̫鱦ССĽ٣һòһֱѡ
̫鱦˻ӡʱ̡̫⡣
ʱԲ̡Ԫˮ졢¯̫õĲࡣ
ʱԲ̻ôԪˮһֱ죬̫׻Ԫ޽ɺҲòˡ
ڲ¯̫鱦
¯ƺҲòˣ컯Ĵڣܻò¯ȥ
дӽף̫ҲòйٱʺҪˡ
̫ԣĺܡ
ں޾˵̫ղ΢
Ǻ˺ȣûʮ֮һء
뵽һ鱦ڴԵ˵鱦ࡣ
컯̫ûԼʹãȻ컯ƿأԣ̫ȴ󷨳ԡ
̫㣬ԼǴССĽ鱦Ҳ˷ѣ뽻컯컯ʱһ
ٳɶ࣬˵ʮƷںϳƷģʮƷںϼƷģԴơ
̫Ľټ鱦ϳɼ鱦ͼƷġ
һ̫㲻ã뿴ȥ˳۵Ķࡣ
ʴˣ̫Ĵ컯
뷨ܺãƶʱûʱ䣬ƶչ׻Ԫ޽ɡ컯˺Ķ
ǺԼ׻Ԫ޽ɱȣ컯ֻʱˡ
ʱ˵߱ʱԼҲɡ̫
ţ컯˵˵ͷ
̫ȴʣˣ
аտٰ˲磬Ųѡ컯˵
̫˵ͷ
˺Ҳ;Ųѣ컯˵ľŲѣһİհɡ
ͺ࣬ԼĸϿĸ̫þŲаա
Բʮ㣬ǲܵġ
Լ̫磬ԼοԴԼͺܶ컯ˡ
Ȼ㾡ŬɣʱҵϣŲ㻹ϣġ̫
ƣ컯˵ͷ
뿪˴˵ء
һ׽ٵϴѾôһˣ׽ǻ𣬶Ŀʼ
׽ٵϴ񣬴˵˵ܱɣ鵮ǣˡ

׽ٽˣ컯׳ɹˡ
ڻĺ飬ĿϺһۣǵηˣ̫ǿѾǵıԴС
޾ҲԺˡ
ص컯̫컯컯ȥչˣһ¼컯Ǳչ׼ͻơ
̫ǰ컯˵һ£컯ɵһҺرߡ
ȣ̫𡣡ֻһƷһģĵӰ̫ݵ
ף̫һôˡ
̫һݣһЦ⡣
ԭԼںϾ컯󣬻ڤڤиӦһʱ䣬ǰ˷Լıˡ
ΰԽĵΰ˲ıһС
˸ĳƣȵˡ
ȵ˼Ե컯ȴ
ΰԼıĸоԼСԸĳȵˣԳȹԵʡ
һк̫е̾룬Լں̨Ȼˣȵˡ
ò˵һڤڤеע˵Сԭﰡ
Ϊ̫С˶ƿزˣԼں̨͸ıˡ
̫Ҳû˵ʲôȴȻΰı䣬Ҳ赣ǣ֪ΣŻԵ仯ͬŻԵ˭˵׼֮˻˸ıأ
лָ㣬ȵ˼
ܱ̫Ӱ
ţͲ㱾ᵮǣڣǱԱɵ˵˵棬Ȼ޶ǲ޶ȥȡȣҲ˼ɣĪԼʱ⣬һ
ȵ漤ˣȻԼĵһη֣򲻻ԼĴڡ
ҵָԼԼûһΪôԼһ
л𡣡ȵ˸̫˸
ţúɣջΣ⣬֮ͽ¡̫˵
˵꣬ȵ˼뿪ˡ
عȵˣǼĳ̫ʧĵطһ󳯰ݡ
εȴڣȻָСһŵĻԵᶨڴǲɾͣǵã
ȵ˱̫˵ļˡ
侲ú󣬿ʼҵıչˣȡ绯ζ



552 

һԪӵׯۣŮ洵ķɽ
ãڼʶԪʦܺŮʦõĵ
ǶԼĵҲʼڴˡ
üæŶڶüʶ˶ˡ
һǶˮ壬ƿأɢޣɶƿء
йìܣμ˭˭
⣬˿̻ɢ޴ڣЩɢʱܵѹȣò졣
ãǺȻöƽľưʵ
Ȼɵ
ڶľ
ƴ󣬻Ϊǵĵöˡ
ǹôҴǣȻʣһǣ廹ǶǺùѰĶˡ
˿û
˵ģ˾͹ܵģȻǿԼö֡
ҲǣǾͲܺǵĵˣˡ޵˵ͷ
Ȼ
˱밲ֵȴ鷳Լˡ
ĸ뿪󣬶Ÿˣӣʲô⡱Уһʱ
ʵĴѹСƣȴ˵ˡ
̫˵ģǵ͵ĺܣŵĴ£Ǹһ־Բ
ͽһֵĺ;
ԣ֮ǰһ㡣
˵͵Ϣһ·ϱ򷽴ɵȥ
һɵÿˣ˲䱻˵òˡ
νУе࣬ˣġ
ǿɲǵˡ
Ҳ˶Ĵѹ飬ȻôʳڵŮӣǵĶʱ˴ˡ

˵ȻôŮӣλǵˡ
ףƯʡ
һʱ䣬˲䱻Ѻ޵ˣǣǵһμƯʵŮӡ
ˣһ˿ĭȻĸˡ
ǰ
һȡ
Ǽϲ˫޵аޣǼƲסԼˡ
ëڵֱǰһ
λŮ
ѺҲͽɵƺУҲ̫ڣɲȴܶ࣬ռһ࣬λ̫ҲΡ
ǣǾԼȳԶŮˡ
к£ѲмһЦ
˵ˣɢǿ󣬻С龴ηҲá
ڲΪ󣬶һ鷳
ôĶˡ
κҲ⡣
ѺɨһۣߵҲ̫ڣ϶ѡ
Ѹٴ򷢵ãȴΪǵһ仰ıһ²ԡ
λŮѣɵ£յüλѣоԵֲǳ֪λȥδûŵĵص㣬
һӦСͷĿнɺڵĲΣ˵
޶һۣЦǲ֪ΣҲ֪к£֪ǸţǼ룬ѵң
˶˲ȥһ롣
֮ǰţҾ̰ţΪƵĿ󣬽˺ˡ
Ȼ˵ǰ㣬˭֪ƴҸԡ
Ȼ֪Ŀŵ޴
ǵȴΪ⣬ЦԸκεѣǰݵĺܡ
Ȼô˵ʵ뷨ɲ
ҪĿŵ°飬ϾãɵҲô
ԣǴƭŵİѺƭߣֻҪƭǵĵ̣ҪɱҪл˵㡣
Ȼ̫ڵĿʼ˵ˣһ˵ģŮޣǲǣǣŲűɱϣ
⻰ЦˣǵĻȻһ̫ʿˡ
ߣţӹ֮Ȼãöɣ˳㱾Ӻ˵˵һǵĵ̡
Ҳ£˴
ôԼ򽻵أ
ԼˣǾ̹װɡ
ʶ
ֻͷϵ컯һɫĻ滮˵˲ȥ˾ʮ
ã
ȡ
һɲǼ䣬ʯĽһС
ʮΪߵģ޵֬ƿ
ʣˣһ̫ҲΣһɲΡ
ǹȥ߶ҪˣָΪڣʮ˽
˵һ̫Ҳεüģһʹȥ
ղŵһĻѾɵˣԼٵѣ˲䱻һɫĻ˾ųɣΪʮȴһƿ
Լ֮⣬ΪԼҪš
򡭡
ƨҷţĵ˵ͷʾ׺󣬵뿪ˡ


553 ޵ĵ
ãѵһͺˣɱô˲ðɣʵ
ղ컯̫ɨ˲ǰʮˣе㵣ǡ
ǵǶǵ
㣬һͲǺö֮ܶˣҴɱ˵ǹأ
˵޵ĵУѸæתƻ˼أû뵽Լˣǿȥɵɡ
šظȻѾעҲû˵ʲô
ûģѸٵ򷽴ɵȥ

սսһޱȵʹˣɥ֮Ȯһ㷵
ʱ죬ǵıͿ־塣
Ȼ־ռö࣬ٵĿ
ٵֻԼ˷أһʹȻȵĳޣһҪ
˲侪˸߲㣬Լ
޿ˣ˵ǵί
߲һķŭ˿̵ĸ߲խѱΪ֮
Ǽ۸ˣ۸ġ
룬˾Ȼ۸ˣ壬ǻ治κˣκ
˵ǺϵĵΪ
˵ĵ棿е㲻ŵʡ
Ȼ˵ġġʱ뷨ȴʱ뷨ǰôƭǵϳ˺ġ
ƻûʵʩֻǿŮһ䣬ͣͣͱˡ
ԣ˵ǡġ
ˣǾʵǷּ֣ŮΪ˴Ǽ롣룬ǲ벻˵ЦŮûǺ󣬾ͺǳ䣬ŮΪĸ֣һԲϾʹɱǰʮˣʮλ֣ΪŵĲűסС¾ʵ
µĿߣίɫĺܶȻ
ǸоˣŹ˵ǣʱ㱻˴һʱ䣬Լ˶Դ
ڸ߲㿪ʼŭĽˡ
ˣ˳ܲǻûܹ衣
ˣԴǣŮӣҲʹ޲εŮӾˣҪ𡭡
ˣ˳𲻱ǵδ棿
ˣҪɱŮӣȶģ
ˡ
ˣ˵Ķͷʹ
ס죬жϡֹ˵壬ʵʩչĺεֶΣ
ˣֻһɫĻǵĵѾˣ˺һƿѹΪʮλѡ
ƿ
һ㶣Ϣ²
Ůӡ֪šʡ֡ɫ桢ƿšԼ
Ȼݲ˭ȥ鷳
Ȼڸ߲ŭӣײȥУȥľɢˡ
ԣ²ҲҪȥжΡ
һ֣µǵָָָһ
ɵʾˣǷֲ˵ģָҲ
ʮҵҪ˭ǡˣ˳ƺ㣬ơ
Ȼ
Ӣ
ҵ׷ˡӢҵȶɨƽеˡˡ
һĹάϯеǣô˸棬Ҳˡ
ƺƵĴָȥ
һߡ
ɵãһ㵣ǶûУʼ˷ܵĲԼĵˡ
絺ϣһסģǹ̫ĵġ
˱Ĳ˵Ҳ
֣̫ΰĵ޾ʦϤһ̬
ҵǵĵһѹһ޹
ϵɺͯӣͯӣɻ޵ȣ֮ǰϵŮ
ĸŮͯ£ΪͯŮ
ǧĲãŮĲúԼĵҪפȻôô
ǰĵϣŮĵֵĶˡ
ϵ飬ΪŲ鵥Եʺͯ档
Ůϲе̫ĸо
˰ʦ񫣬ϵ齲ָ㡣
ϵһжǵģָԼˣΥ̫Ĺء
뵽ʦ˵лԵĻռ
ŮڵϿһ飬˵ϵŲûһġ
ˣŮʱûͽĴ㡣
ϵ飬ƺһе棬ǵĵĺ;١
Ÿ̾ʦȻʦµĳԺ;Ȼдջ
ǰǱʦӻҪӻˣҪӻԼˡ
ܾʦ˵һԲĸ򣬺ʵ
ǣŶţŮ˵չˡ


554 ͦ
ƺƵʮ嶼𶯡
һʱĹעԼ֡
޾壬˿δǰ
֣ǲ¶ģ
⣬ΪϵĵжĶ֮ҲĽš
׵νԶˣʲô衣
۶ԽԽˣΪ뵽иõĲ²⣬ϣԼ´ˡ
һ·ָڽǧҵָ֮ء
ֻǴ˵һƬޣﺣһɵŭˣΪƭˡ
һʱߣֽϡ
Һö򶨣ǳˡ
˵ɻдǰ̣λһ
˵꣬ɻУֻһɵʼ֣һռٵӵһɵǰ
⡭
ȻɵˣⲻǴǰɵ֮һķɵ
˵ԪӴõˣѵ
е㺦ˡ
е㵣ˣ壬Լҵ˷ˡ
쵰ߵˣ˭ãϺǰǿˣǵùɡ
ʱ
һ֣ˣ̿ɲҵǰҪǵӰⲻͱһҪݺŮ֮Ϻ棬Ҷ˵˵

Ӱ˸óˡ
˲ٱȫ׼ʥڵʵһʱѹȫ
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뿴ĳˣȻˡŮ֮
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ŮǳԿЩƻʦʦܣԻ
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ȻȻˡ
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λӼٶҶ嵡ˣλӺж壬ӵ££зԸհһԲĸ˵
˵һ۶Ųм
λǰͬζ壬λӵ££ɽǡһ޳ڵĴҲ˵
Ĳ˵˭Ҳ𣬾Уλӵָʾᶨ棬ȻΪߣλзԸʮλҲġһǿ޲εĴҲ˵
ʱͦϿŵѶŪúò졣
ô죿
л塢塢λȴ˴Ϊʦʦǡλжʦ𣬲ǣλĺˣͲ鷳λˡ˵
⻰ڱʾǳڳʦˡ
ʦʦǣǲʦǿҫʦҲΪСĶԹ֡
˼ǣֵ̫ģκ¶Լֻ̫ӵġ
ҲڱǳʦˣҪԼһƬˣ¿̫ˡ
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⻰˵꣬˿ͺãǳʦˣ˵Լˣ̫ǰˡ
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һ˵ҪǶʱĳλӾƺƴ鷳ɱǰ󱲾ǡ
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ú
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Ψһ̫𣡡
ᶫĿѵ۹⣬ѵǽİ취ٻǸ㣬Ǳɣⷽɵ󽫻ԲڣϣҪ㣬ľ档
ĻöܣҲܣƽﺣܲܡ
ǷģǲҲϲưڣֻǲϲһЩ󱲶ѣֻ밲չվ˵һ䡣
ᡣ
ûԵģֻ߱ˣǱ۸ǡ
˿ֻҪԾͺãֻǰѣĴڶݵ¡
ңܵĲ壬
㲻ӣ޹һǵ棬ɱʮλ֣Ҫôظˡ
ãܺáŭ
ˣʹ˷ˣһȫûˡ
Ȼֻһˡ󡣡һȡ
ʮ˵Ĵ˲俪ʼж㣬ԼһʮһϣӮӮһк˵ʧƤסˡ
ʧˣǾͳЦˡ
Уܲɶ˵һ뿪ɣ
ԲС
һΨһľ棬ɱľ档
ʶѺ޶һۣ޶˶ȥʮɵɴ


555 㣡
֪Ըе̫Զʮ˵ĴĻ»⡣
ԼͲˣԼҪİƽʮ˴˺Ͻ¶
ʱ
Ƶȫʼж
λѣС̫𣬴˻ܴ󡣡мʶ֣Ѿ֪̫ˡ
ѵֶΣɲǿԲ͸ġ
˵ǿĹ鱦̫ԸƵ컯ķҲޱȵǿ
ʮԴʱγ˼ʯķ
˺ܣ޴ĹȻƲʮתķԼ˴ȴֻܱİ
Դ컯ЩѲһһƷ鱦Ĳʴǿ
ӲʴĻ裬ʱʮ˵Ĵˡ
һѵȷóĿȾ֮£һо
ȫ繥һţǻ˵ġ
ˣҵĵطʼ޴Ĺ
䣡
󷨵ǿҲԤϣʮ˵Ĵ󣬾Ȼһʱ׼ʥڵѣעˡ
ֻӲѣҪ˵ǲܡ
ͶȡɵնħҲ׼ʥĲΣԶǿԿġ
Ȳ˵˵ԷƿؾͱȲϣˣֲúʮ˴᧿Σˡ
һ鱦䴿ǼƷĲΣΪҲնȥһʬ׼ʥ
ޱ̫۰ˮƿ컯µ鱦ֶͨΣöһʱ޴֡
鱦ȱٵĶȴѶι΢ơ
ˣΪŮôѲз鱦Ҳǿ
ԭŮӻʿԪ˫ޣֲѲ
Щ󣬶ôȥԼٻԼնʬҲսʤŮӡ
ϺݺݵֹһŮ㻹壬ġ
Ůе鱦ȻѷԼĴ²ǼƷҲǶ鱦
Ƶķ֣ԼĽս龹ȻҲȲŮӣʧˣѵԼô
Ȼεεģ٣١١ħ֮Ǵβʱ䳤õĿմսǴβʬɽ߳ġ
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սԼҲ̾òŮӣ⽻ֵľ龹Ȼô¡
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ôܷ϶ǿϺŵĴܣ˵ġ
ˣȻޣȥεεŮֲô
ĸ֣˿ԼΪԶĴڣ԰ıǮʶԶǡ
λ˽λӣͲôˡȻŮӣٿʼÿش٣λӶ٣ܾ֮ǰңĴ˵˵ľǵӣȻһ֮ףսľ飬ԶԶȲʬɽ߳λӡ
˻һ㱡
ֻܸ̫̾ΰΰĸס˵Ĺâļλӡ
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졭

Դƺ󣬱ҷƺǰʴȾʧˡ
ټϺεٲɱףʱĴ
ʶһƿ
ȥ
컯һӣȵ̫ɨ
ĳɻˣʬɽûУΪ̫£뱣ʬ弸ܡ
ס֣
ĿѵĴ󺰵ֻһ̫ɨʮ˵ĴŵĲˡ
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ߣס֣ĵǺáһʣ˵ϺзֱӲˡ
㶫Ƿŭ
ãӾʰ㣬ͽƤ
ˣֻʮԴѸٵķ𣬷סá
ãû˺֮Ǻ󣬿ʼȫˡ
ѹֹǱ˲û˷硣
ڼνֺնȥĶʬҲˣһжȻˡ
䣡
ҵĹ󣬶ʱϲȣˣͷɢģе㽹ζǱ̫յġ
ŮȻ
ס֣
һȣӺҪ˿ֻܲҪˣٽսȥԼҡ
λӣˣλס֣˺󷽴絺㣬ɺá
Ѻ޶һۣ⿴Ľ
ͲĴɱȻӶˣҲ㹻ˣҲá
ߣӡѽߵ
˿
塢ĳЦٻ˻
ˡ
һЦԸˣĵһɹˡ



556 ֮Լ
壬Ϣ˳ȥ
ӣȻ⴫һʱ侹ѡġ
صɵá
ȹӭλʤ
һ﷽絺鼤ƣǰǵĵһɨա
λ˵󷽴ɵ᳹׵ĿţǺ˷ܡ
㣬ǵĵһɹˣڶ׵ˣҲ֪ʦʦôˣʵ
ֿȻᣬǵĸ̫ˡ
λʦʦ㶨ɹģʦԸ㣬·˼ܣ¡
ʦ˵ˣ䳤ʱ̫磬ѱ£δ㡣
ʦ񣬵Ƕı裬Ϊǿܳɹġ
İɡ޷
ʦľûĴˣԵʣ˵ģû
Ȼ޽ɵʱζˣһֱϲ״̬
һǶһ̫ҲҪһλ̷ľûһֱ̫硣
ţϣˡѵ

ⲻ֪
Ķһˣ֪Ѻ΢΢һЦ
λʦĲڳˡ
ʯˣ̫Ĵӡ
ʯͷ˿һӰӰһģнڵΪ
˵ˣѵĸʯӰʯͨʩչһû
Ӱȴƴĸ棬ȻѾģ϶е㲻ȣһļ㣬ƺҲҪʯ
Сӷɣǲܳɹģǧ겻ѾˣǼֲһġʯǼѸӰ
ģǰһܸһ꣬һġ˵˵󣬼ȫΪ׷ʯӰ
˵һ֮ƣһɽǰζʱЩɥ׽֮£·ʯ
ճһɱܵĸоһܴʯʯ¡
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˵˸֮ƻεСŲξͲɵĲΣڴ˿˵ѾǶĸˡ
ҸԴһ鱦һƷ¡
ڴ˿ʱνɣа鱦ģǸһ
˵ԪӵȣҲͲһٵʱ䡣
ԪǺε
ϸ˵ħεģͻĹʱڵħһΣҪԽľǡ
ħȺǰħĩβһΡ
ʶԪһˣĻε飬Ѿǿĸˡ
׿ԼΪ̫ӵԵʣʯСţҲ֣ذ
Ͼѹ̫ˡ
ˣҲֱӾܾ˵һ䣬ֻҪܸ겻߶ҾͿš
仰˿ϣջβþͿʼѵĸʯһ߾ǽǧʱ䡣
˵ʵּʯежԸ㡢Ҳȷټ
ԣ뿴СˣȰ
һȰǧ꣬СӾǲµϲȣľˣȻ档
ȥУСӺ֮緶ȷ㡣ʯһ۵ϲȵӰ
Ѱ찡ʯܾᡣ
ƺ뵽ԼԼԸ񣬼Ĭһ
ǣ֮ش󰡣᲻յӰʯΪѡ
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ˣʯȻһ뵽һ취
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Сӣƶ£ʯʵ
ǰлԡ˼ᶨ
ãȻƶ飬ƶ㵽ƶʦǰƶʦӦƶţƶʦ𲻴Ӧ˵ʲôҲûãɴӦʯʡ

˸˵ʯˣסһ飬˿飬߳˵һڶƶʦ˵֮ǰŬ׷ˣٻش𡣡
ҲǶûǣֱӴӦˡ
ããܺáʯһãʾСӵĿá
߰ɣ
ʯһ䣬ˣúٿ֮ʱѾصԼ֮ء
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һСġġԸ⡱һ¡
˼ᶨĵԸ⡣
ʯһĵȻȻԼһʶֻĳã
˵һ֣һγˡ
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ȵǰ
ţ㷴ˣʯһ
ǣᷴڵģǰţҲټ֮ʱƺǰ
ŶʯЦˣСôģ
ǰΪŬҵŬ첻˵
ã־ʯЦˣΪСӺˣԭǣǸᶨҲġ
ʯȴСӣ֪ƶţͬƶ˿Ҳ֪ʲôǷټҪŬɹȻһ֪ʧ˵Ҳãȥɡ
˵꣬ǵ˻شʯһͽ˵
˼СһʯĿһۺʧˣȫСӵŬˡ


557 ĻԵ
ͷɽĿӣ֪ʦ㶫ҲģŮһֱڷɽܾá
ʦ㣬㲻ʦɣŮ洶ʦϲ۰Լ
Ů洴ӻΣһֱиչˣʱǣŮ洺ϲָо
ʦãĪҪ˵ˣʦΪľиʦǧãĥȴôʦѾдˡĸŮ洵ͷ
ʦ㣬ȥģŮ洺ʡ
ŮһֱǸ񾲵Ըֱ֮Ů洲ſʼתġ
û֮ǰŮ洳ʥ˺ҲͶһʥ˵϶ѣԸûжı仯
ԣ˿̵Ů洺ϲиĳ谮
鿴һŮ洵ɽ

Ů洺Ȼһ㶣æ˵ʦ㲻ɣɽ壬壬ս֮أȻɽǺŨԴḻһֱռ˸̽â˵̫һŲκˣʦΪȥս֮أ
Ů洲飬Ҹĵطá
ȥս֮ظⲻ鷳
Ů洲ǿ顣
ʦãܾúܾ֮ǰõʦָ㣬ʦ˵ûɽǰˮ
ʦãʦˮܾˣҴ˿̣гΪɽʸˣҵĵ
ʦòͬʦԴǿ󣬲ʦ㣬ʦĵҪҪ޾ѣ
ɽս֮кη
ȥΪᶨģȥԣôƿ̫磬ʦʿĴĹϵӦݵҡ
鿴΢ЦĶŮ˵
ּͲεʣȴز˵ģɽһŮɢ̫۵ģü֮緶
ðɡŮ֪ȰҲûãֻϣʦĿɡ
ȴ֪
һϢȻ䶯ġ
壡
ʲô߲㳷ɽˣɽֻһأۿԾʡ
ǵģ£̽ˣ߲ѾǨѪˣӦǴ˺ϳѪˡ
ۿɻ
һޱͷˡ
ޱͷҡҡͷʾһʱҲ֪ô¡
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ۿ˵ͷ
߲ǨѪȷ˵Ǻ¡
ǰɽ̹ŵһ࣬ȫռݣɽ̾ᣬԶԶ塣
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Ȼɽ̫ΰҲ̫ˣȫռݺѣռݴ󲿷ǿԵġ
ô죿ۿʵ
һ£ʱҪ۲һıǾͲˡģ߲㳷ʣռݲ˴ǰĵ̣ǲɵСģʱǳֵʱ̡
󣬾ÿУ˿ʼֽܵĶжĳ룬ıơ
ȴ룬ɽռһĿ飬˵ķ֣徹Ȼˡ
ճ˺ܴһƬˡ
ɽѰһΪŨɽ
ռؼ㣬Χкܶ൮ɽ顣
鿴ʱ򣬾͸о˵غԼԵʶѸٵռ˴˵ء
￿ǷĺĶɽɽλãŨȻһϼѵĵ
巢󷨣ƿ󷨺󣬻ȻʣΪһ춴أǰ
ͷãȻ˫Ǭ꣬һһĸ˵һһһǬһƷ
ˣ黹һ鱦ǬͼǬռ֮Ҫķ֧
޿ռ֮Ŀ顣
һֿ˷ˣÿڣԳһʱգҲһ
һһȺ¶С飬һ鵥Ҳܸߣʮֵɰ
˲ϲ˴˵أݷ֣ԼĻԵ
Ǭ鷢֣ԪһֻأÿܽʮǬǬǼΪϡٵĸ򾳽֮
ҶԿռһǬһռ֮֮µз֧о޴ĺô
ʳһţԸ;磬Դ֮ô󣬵ʤޡ
뵽̫ϲռǿ㣬ȡһ֦ʦȥʦ𶨻ϲġ
Ǭͼ
ķǬġװǬװǬǬߡǬȣǬ顣
Ǭں޲TսʱನɣȼƵõ
ʣǬǬȡǬ鱦ȫˡ
ǬͼǬİ鱦Ҳû˵õ
һֱڴ˵أֱ鵽
˵ϸÿõ
ܣʦ˵ĻԵɣҵԼĻԵˣɽȻûϲ
ռ˵鱦ڵĹɾޱȵ⡣


558 չ
̾һ󣬿Ǭͼ
Ǭͼͼںһռ䣬ʮƵĶ鱦
ǿӡѹҲǿֻǹ治ó
÷Ͽ顣
̫Ƶ컯ȣ˶鱦ĲΣЩǱĸǿˣǿ鱾ƶĳɵǿ
֮ǰȱٶķ鱦ȻҲ̫ļ鱦û̫ģҲʺ
Ǭͼʺķ鱦
һ֮󣬲ſʼԼĵͬĻ棬ǣ̫ĵ
ߣСӵŮͯŮͯʵһʦү𣿡
һЦԣʦүǽҪʱݣʧ񡣡
СͯŮСһ֣أæ˵ͷ
Ĺ飺鹬
ʱձޣտռҲ顱˿֮β֣ȡ鹬
ǿйܱߵĲãҲԺܶ࣬󷨡ͨһ㣬ĹȺҲ˺ֲֻ̫ܶ࣬ѣΪµͯ
ϲϲ֣Լĵ˲࣬徲ϲ
ʱȥ̫ңȥЩҼɽޣ̫СѡģţʱںҵҲС
鲻ͬãĺܣ徲ϲҲʾԼơ
ⲻʼ׼̫ˡ
뵽̫ңĵ̣һȣʲôʱԼҲǿ¸öá
ʦҲòôֲܴ̫磬ҪһЩãʦ
ˣȳ׵˵غ󣬾ȥ̫ңϺҵ
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뵽˵أɽ㣬ˡ
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ɽշˮҲһطǿܶ࣬ôˣû˰á
ڼΪ˵ģط嶼û֣ȵطǲóġ
ѡɽʱ򣬾Ѿȫǵˣɽطⲻ˺诡
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֮Ժ֪ɽã˸ԭ򣬾ΪĴڡ
ҩͰһĵطͻᱻǣûǿʵһǲ˵ġ
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շִ˵صģȡɽʱ򣬾ʹ۵ĵҲһ󷨡
ڱʾ˵ˡ
һ֮أӣҲԥ
֮ռ˾ռˣ֮ҲԵǾǺˡ
ѾĿԵˣſ񣬿»ᴦڣ衣
ҿ鲻ϲ鷳Ҳλʦʽʺϴ˵ء
壬ɲǿ󣬵ǿʱѾȥҲ޴ǰˡ
ԣ壬ºжҲ޷
ﲻһǴ˿̵ʱǣ˰ܳ׵ĵ
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죬һ壬һ̫ҴĴ£ִ˵صʱǴһɻ
ȻɻûãֻһŮͯˡ
λѣССͯŮֻɵĲΣСĺܣ۵һ˿־嶼ûУǳţ»Ǽʶ˿ǿ޾塣
ΣȫһõͯӣͷĴɻһʱеԥ
ǡǴûǽãΪľ޴࣬ش
ǾͺãҼҽģ˵Ѵ򽻸ۿʣۿʻ׵ġܵʱҪ鷳һˡŮͯʽ޾нܲ
⣿һţҿǰû³çܻᵹù
ϢǼٵģ
˭õۿ⿪Цûɵӡ
ټͨһ۵ĵϣһ־޴ѹһףĻ֮˱ض򵥡
áӹ򣬲ɮ濴棬Ůͯ˹֣˺һҪ뿪
ȻפˣʵͯŮ֪ɽ˵ţ
Ҽſ飬Ůͯ
飬飡͵أȻʲôһţٴοİݱͯŮ뿪ˡ
һжڿ̽УΪ⣬Ȼɺϸ
λʦŰ֮˺Ϊ˶ڵ岻β룬кȺ֮
ԼǲأʶȤкз緶
ֻҪˣҲð죬˺ҾͿʽɽˡ
䲻ԣ͵ҵԸ񣬿ҪһˣʦϯŮӣʦ棬Ҳÿ޾֪ģмˣ뵽
ΪǺܷԸ͵ġ


559 Ӻ
ϢĴ򽻸ۿ󣬵ۿˡ
Ѻ㶫ɽˡ
ڿ飬ۿϤ̫еУϤһ
ŮһֱƹңϺǵԵһҲΪߵһ
Ҵǿһֱ˵̫ĵӣ˵̫ġĸ¡
ر׼ۿΪһȥ顣
뵽˱ģޱٻ֮󣬵ۿԼ뷨˵֮ޱü
ǣÿδ٣λʦʦ㶼ģ׼٣յۿѵûģѲɵҪˣԵĵֿʼɽˣޱ
²ԭҲ˶٣ٻܾãԶˣǵ˵ƺ硣ۿ
Ѱ˼е㵣ˡ
ѵҪˣԼδ׼أ
λҪ׼ˣûˣ˵ʵԵĿΪʲôҺƿεģΪƿأҪĿġۿ
⻰ʵ
ʲôԺģʲôһ֮֮ϣֻϵġ
õĿֻһѳȥƿأ
ԵҪĿġ
ֻҪɵףûİ޺ڣʳڣڣڣħڣ
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ǵĿľǳΪ𣬵桢üĺ½ѹ
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ưԲǵһĿģҴڲĿġ
ˡ
ۿ˵꣬һѹû뵽ѹȻˣеˡ
Ҳ˵Уοǿĺܣذеȣⶼǵˡ
ͼдջ񣬴Ѿ򵥵ĸһ󷨣ֻǻûг׵ĳ͸ȳ׵ĳ͸ǽһ¥޾ս˵
ͷֺͼ鲻򵥵ĵۿڷͥˣʶһֱóķо
ֻǷΪ˵㣬ʱҲûصǶ
ǿ飬Ǿȣǰɸѡһ£ѾһսˡޱҲ
һֱĥӵ潲ʵǿĴȣҲʱһܴ󡣡̫һ
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ãץʱǿɣǵʱ䲻ˡⱾģȫˣռѪеһϵж컯컯ԪģöˣҺòǰλƤгˣνǲŶˡۿ
ţνҪǲܳ©˷׷ױʾͬ
СʵѣǺɵġ
˵潲̫һȻ˵һ˿֤ԪޣԵ֮˿ɳʥ˵Եǲţ
⻰˵ĴȻ
ǴǰͱǾԵ֮˿ɳʥŪûȡ
ʼձ⣬ԼǻԵ֮ˣȥνĻԵǱ˵ġ
̫һƳĬˣǲòˡ
Ӧã˾Ųʮޱε˵
Ե֮˿Ե֮˿ɳʥǺǣԵ֮˰ưۿ̾
˵öѡ
ͬʱԼԣҲԼĸԸģȻˣȻСǾбӵ׼
ȳΪӣٳΪ֣ӣôг֡
Բ˵ľ񣬻һЩƣۿ̹ȻԣǾ仰ʤ˳Ѳʧѡ
ˣ˵ˣǵĻԵǵ棬ǵ𣬱һֱôáۿ
⻰е治ĸо̹¶ˣ˵ڱļɣڤڤжҲԼġ
ι󵨣ۿиݵġ
涼˵ˣνϵںˡ
ôʧ˭ǿģ˭ģ
ˣɡ
˵涼ûڣ滹Ҫȥϵȴңؼ䡣
ڵۿڣң
ˣ̹¶ˣ϶νĻԵ֮˿ɳʥضûԼ
ԼƿôǿʵԼʥˣôк֮ʲô£
ĺܡ
Լ֮һѣԼǿҲȲ
ۿи˵뷨ԼԣȣʵǺݻıȻһԼһжźˡ
뷨ˣÿۿ亹ֹ
һ㿴óۿѾӵ˴ǰ塢롢۹;
Ȼܿ£ǵۿôڵļʵһ
뷨ŲäĿԴҲܴзֻᡣ
ΪԼӣԼעһͳģ
ǿµģѾԶˣԼҪΪһ뷨ӣһжϵӡ


560 թ
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磬飬ǲȱһȻѿˣǾģǳòѡ̫һ
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ڣһκ󣬺ȻвĤһĴڣס̫ġݡ͡ٿء
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Դ̫ƺҪ˲٣ں϶ѣںϱԴںϷ
Դˣ̫кܴĵġ



562 ӭ
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ڴ˱Դ֮أûʱţ̫Ҳ̽ʱš
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ԼӵֻԪ޼ɵʵȴҪĻ۲С
ã̫ĸԼҳԽԼʵĳԽԼġ
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563 ̫
һЩδ̫ģе㼤ˣȻҪˡ
涼˵ˣػģжãܳǵ֪
ҵΪҲǾ֡
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ĶɸģȻƽõľ档



565 ɣŮ֮
ڴܣǰģõ鱦ڽҪϵһЩ鱦Ҳòˣʹǰɡ
˵꣬һȡ
ʱĴܣĿԣ塢ԪӵȣʣĶĿԡ
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֡޼̫֮ͼϼǧͼ⡰ԡϡͼڡС
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ֻԼΪѪ⣬õܵǳΪ꣬ſ档
κεԶûؾԭ򣬲ԼϼϣԼҾ
ȻһʱԽܵģΪ˱棬ǲȥ
μȻ˵ˣǾҪоˡ
磬ʲʥǲҪˣʥʲô𣬵˵ˣҲܳΪԪ޽ɣ񲻸ʹ졣ףڹ˵
ʥҪȨе㲻ˣټϳʥһǸŲ½ˡ
һʱ˷ˣһԵ档
Ķã̫˲ϲʥλȻòãֱ
ֻ⣬岻죬ֻҡͷĬ
ˣоϣأʱ迼ЩҲһʱ޷Ȱ˵ֻʱա
ɢѡĦ
ڤ۽ȣǾôĶԵģףڹȴĺܡ
ܴû̫Ĵǵ档
ĵģĺս˲غǻĽܵġ
ıڶı׼Ĵ׬˵ʱ
ׯ۵ԪӣҪնʬˡ
նʬ
ǰ̫ж򣬼ʱĻȹ̣ټϵĽԪӾԼնʬʱˡ
ҽ֣նʬ٣;ĸߵͣںͺںϣȵġ
նʬ࣬ߣͺںϾ͸࣬նʬ٣ͺںҲԽ١
ԪеԻ֪ԼӦô֮ںϺ֮ںϵĺá
ںϺֻںһֵѾ
̫˵ʱĪҪԼϡ
ãʦĻԼû뵽


571 ۺ
֮ǶӦıд֮ǿʼǽڴأ˵ֻǿʼǽ֣ǿʼǽ֣ѭ֮Īڴˣˡ
ʦ˼ǣ֮ںڴ֮У˺һ䣬ɾʹ֮
Ԫ򣬻̫ʦ˼ʦҪ˵ˣԼĲףԼ򣬲
㣬֮Ԫӣڳ֮ĽޣʼŴ֮ʼ
졢ءڤÿһޱȵǿ˵ƽĸо
ֻҪԪڴ֮ϼȥδĳɾͽʥ˿Խ˵
Ȼ㣬ᵱ֮ںϽ֮֮Ϊשƴ֮ıݡ
ֻԪóһɫĴ顣
Ǵ˵еڤ
Ԫնʬ̫ûָ㣬Ԫʬе̫뵽һѵİ취
Ԫӵʬе飬Ƕʬڤϰɣ̫Ԫ˵ˣ鶼˻һͬԴԺʬһޱȵҪ
˵ֻǼƷ鱦ĲΣҪӹɣټϱԴͳһԵʣԽԪʬһ̫Ҫˡ
ȱ㣬ǾĶʬȻڤˣǾͱʾʮ˵֮ۺ۵λ÷Īˡ
һҪ۷ΪһְҪе
Ҳ˵жʬԪӣѾֳ̫Ϊۺˡ
Ԫ˼Ӧˣ䲻֪ʦ˵ʲô˼Լʬм޵
ûԥֱӴӦˡ
ǵʦ˵նȥִ֮ʬǱ𶨻ΪѰִ
飬ԪӺףԼĵ֮һ飬ʦڤԼˣ˵ֻҪԼնȥִԼѰС
ʦ˵նʬʵ򵥵ģʬҪһҪеͬԴſɡ
¼еСҲ޷ǿҲá
ǼʬͬԴǽоԵĺôеͬԴǼҲ
ڤ飬лǻڶ鱦Уһеġ
ֻҪ飬Ԫ䲻֪ôĪָĻԵ
ȻдۣԼжʬڤ飬ǾͱʾԼĶʬشҪУԽ
ԪӴӦˣξΣοʦẦԼ
ʦҲ˵ΣҲǺҪλãԼҲкô
ʶ̫ڤ齻ԪӣԪӵĶʬҪڤС
ʵҲ̫Ĳ֣ڤҪԼĵڤ磬ػúܶ˲Ҵ⡣
նʬִ飬Ǹˣǽһ֮λ
ԪԪӵĺôܴǷ񰡣ƿط񣬾͵ƿؽͥ񣬿۶Ϊܡ
㣡
죡
ն
ԪһȣֻԪ֮УԪһΪһ࣬òӰ𽥵ĳˡ
ڤѸٷԾϣʬ
ֱ֮󡣡¡һ
׼ʥȫӦˣԪնȥʬ𺳣Ѹٴġ
ԪӣȻˡһԪӵնʬܡ
ǰͱԪѹһͷû뵽ȻΪ˲
Ԫӡ
ӸбˣԪӵնʬƣȴһĪչ
ᴴģ¹콵ҲһʬԲѣҪնȥʬһܣԪӾȻնȥʬˡ
ơ
ܣԪնȥʬˡ
ЩԪӲɽ¶ˮ᷽絺ʱչѾܾϢˡ
ȻǲܱģȻǼɵԪӣһֱȡ
ׯۣԪӿնĶʬ
ֻʬʦ˵дΣҴۺȻۺˡ
ʬۺ˵
ƣۺѡԪӵ
еĺµҲƶ£ۺѡ
һʬһʬԪˡ
˺ƶ֮ʬʧԪӵüġ
նʬɹҪһԪӱչˡ

Ԫӱչغ󣬶ԺĵӰȻһնʬĴܣȻĽӾ塣
˵£ܸܶӵŬˣҲһ˿⣬ΪЩջеء
׼ᡣ
ڿϷ׼ᣬȻһ¶ֺԼԵĴ߽Ҫˡ
Ϊˣ˷ܵ׼ᣬæָ֮ضȥ
ǰȡᣬƣΣָԼԵ
׼˷ܡ
ⲻ֪ʱϷһŨĵطﲻŨһ˵
ĵĵط޴ĵһʹâƣһƣһͲ򵥡
ǣﲢǿһˣδ¶ķ裬ĵȴš



572 
񣬺Ȼӵָ̫ʾ
˵Ϸ߳ŲӰ죬ͨ죬ͨȴ֪޷죬Ŀˡ
ҪһĥҪһѹ
̫Сܸŷط壬÷ĥһǾͲˡ
˶飬֪ô߰ĸһͷĵߣԼͿŰ죬߷βܣնȥ˵ͨ
ӵѸٵĸϷ

ϷҲǿͽҪεĵطһڴ˵ȴ
δ꣬ʶ󣬴޻Ǵޣû˿նʬ׼ʥ
ǳ󣬲ܽնʬɹ
ǵִǲɣնʬ
Ϊ˷ܲܣҺʼǻԪɵĲΣΪǻԪ߲㣬Ԫڵĵز
ҲԵʣںģʼ˶һֱػڲɽŷĹ
ʼȴݷ֣ԼʱԼͷڣԼӡ񣬵Ҳ
ѱǷعҪѱصӣĸԸ
»᳹׵Ѿûġһ塱ɡ
ˣʼ˾ˣתβܡ
ȷһٰٻطһҲ
ο˵ӵĻԵأ
Ȼ費ЩΪͽǿñҪܵٻء
ңô˵ҲԼĵܵܰ뵽λܵԭ켣У׼ȥ
ȴѱԵʣŴκ׼ԣǷѳ˺ڷʱȼƵˣ׼ٴγ泹׵շ˿
׼ֱӸı˿ΪˡĴ֡
ڷ迴ūۺϴԡ
һһóƻģҲóݻ١һЩߣǵıˡ
Ƿ費뿴ġ
½ųʥ֮µһֻһûСꡱʹĿܡ
ܲܡ
˴еĸˣ׼ĵ
Ȼ
ڿͽҪγʱ׼ˡ
˶Եϣλʹ뿪ĺã档
׼Ҫ
򵽿ͽˣԼɫֱ˵ԼóĿס
ѷĲᡣ
׼׼ʥѹǲ⶯ŭ
Ȼֻ׼ʥ׼ʥʹ޵Ĳ࣬ޱȾ޴ġ
·һ̫Űֶڶ࣬Ҳ˵Ŵ޾ܱ׼ʥ
׼ˣҪƤ֪˶˭˷桢ʼ֮Ҳҵĵܵܣ㾹񣿡
Ǽʶˣʶ׼˵ĲҪƤ
ΣѶ˶Եңأ޴ǻعһ壬ǺǣֻиƶǺǰ̡׼᲻Ϊ
ڷ峤֪Ǹǻ۵Ůӣ˲ƽཻв࣬·˵ҪƤ
ߣܣֲ졣
׼ҡҡͷǾֻѡˣѡƶ廹ƶͲˡ
׼ҲǼ򵥵Ľɫһǣô׬ˡͲûֹ
¶֣Ǿͱˡ
ߣһȴкܽš
⣬Լܻܵأѱ
ԼҪǻع壬ƺѰ
飬ŻٵĽ١
Ѿϵȴû¶һݺ֣δļһƺԼҲԵ
֮࣬Сһ֮أԺѪепᡣ
ССѣԼǻεģԸСһɡ
ңԼһĻ˵ܲ
нԼôأ
Ѿնȥħ񣬾նħаգ˵̫һϹ⣬ǿļûˡ
Ƿʼˡһսаսƽ֡
˵үĽСһڷ壬ƾ֮棬˵СһǸ׼ߣǾҪѵСˡ
Сһﻯκ˵
ǽ󡭡
׽ٿʼۣ۵߾١
ʾ˻ξ̫ҽɣȸſºĶѾûˡ
ͽʼ˺ͷԴĵõкͨԴС֮
νļһ
֮أʹԸѱĴڣ̫Լļˡ
˵̫еǰ취ʰˣܲ˺ĺͽĸı䡣
ԼĵԵıҲá
ȥɡ
ȴ룬ˣ̫ˡ
̫ܾòˣˣ˺ܴӣ̫ɳĶǡ
ĸԸ̫Ҳ֮ˡ
ԼôˣûҲпͣݺͳ̫ǿúܿġ
Ҳˣûнӵľغ͸ж̫ˣΪ£Ѿɱ䡣



573 ɣ
һʱĻۣ׽ڽˣͬԴͬ壬ǲͬ
׽ٵǿǿĳǵΧ
ԭ켣У׼ˣ˲Ÿ׼ȥ
Σзһ˴ڣͽȹ׽ݵġ
䣡
ֻһ׽˫֣ž޵ϡ
֪̽˵ֵһֲûжǳֺİ˲١
׽ٵʱֻɨ׽ֱӱɨûˡ
һĻ׼Ⱥܾȣ׼ĸʤˣⲻ鱦츳ͨдͨȱٵĸߡ
֪ȻҲеȣ׼ᵭ˺ܶࡣ
ףе⣬СӵǺûԵ̾
ǰʮĵ׽٣ֵܵвСһɨһУһһе֮
׽ٲǱɨǱɣʶǰ٣ֵûӰ졣
ʮ˵ǿ飬˹ͬɽ٣һһ򵥣ľŵֵܺѶȹġ
ȻǾŵ׽ٽ£ֵȻȹˣ˺ˡ
磬׽ǶȲԿ
޷ЩһǺϢͬģһǰ˺ܼɵģ򵥣׽֮ˣҲǸֵĴڡ
ǻǿ𣿡ʡ
һģڴػôøضԭġ
ðɡǵһ̾

¶ˣֻһֻ֣һӳˡ
Ϸ죡׼һ㶣ۺĿӣ棬ǼƷ鱦һ׼֪ġ
û뵽һȻڷ
ҪҪ׼뵽
屻ʼǸ⣬֮˲ΪݣʼԵʣ׳ɽǻᰡƶȻ˵֮ˣܳû졣
Ѹƶ˼ƻ׼ᣬȲ֣÷ȹ׽٣һ׽ٽʱԼͳᡣ
ʶڵĿŷ죬ͽɽ١
˿¶ˣ˹ȻԼˡ
ŮӣΪλԼһ׽ĸоƺԼ͵ܴܵһĸо
ѵ뵽
ѵǴУԼˣȵ뵽
뵽Уһ岻أΪһû󣬿˲ãԼܼ塣
ԼдԵɾصһֻȸѾ˵ԼǷһˡ
Լʼ˺ǱΪԼȻѾ壬ΪλҪͶأ
Уܼһ壬ǻܿ챻ΪԴģҶɽ٣˲رһ¾ˡ뵽
Լ뷨˵˴񣬿бµ
µģͨʵԶ
һԭǣ̻Ϲˣȴѣɵһ޳ɣװ˷˺øš
˵ҵģ׼ȥȴѱԵʣײĴңһ׼ͽĽ̵
˹󣬿ʼ񣬷Ϊܿ죬Է֮ʼ߽ݾ֮
עˡ
עɵжʱĺôɵе٣˺һɶͣجج
ʶ
Լ뷨߽󣬽ֱӴӦˣŲȥء
Ȼ
һ׽ʱȻ׼ˡ
ƶԵһأӵд˱ǽƶɡ
򣡡
ֻ׼߱ɨڵ׽ٵ˲𵴡
˺ֻ׼ٳ˾ۣһѹ쾹ѹסˡ
ԱģʩչΪȴܴ
׼͵Ϯ֣Ȼˡ
죬˲䱻ѹˡ
ȥ׼᲻ɢơ
׼ᣡȻˡ
뵽׼ܱɣû뵽ҪƤȻҪȡԼ졣
֣һĸҲŭˡ
ǣŭ֣׼Ķ֣׼ʥʹԽġ
Ҳ֣Ǽ򵥵Ĵޣû׼һȺľ棬һʱս˸ƽ֡
׼Ἰ鱦϶ʬֵʱ򣬷һ˵ʧעˡ
䡪һ
ִ齨󷨵ķ֣׼߱ˢ˲һ˸ˡ
׼ᣬҪҷ𣿡һˣֹסҪ֣ʵ
ߣѣǵʱȥˣĴһӲдҲͰˣһҫֺηǿΪȥİֻ߹ѣ˵ǣǵֺηһ³ӵ̭߶ѣҲϡ
׼۵˵˵ĳ졣
ⲻ֪ǧ򲻸ãҲͰˣ㻹ˣ˲ֵǮصŭˡ


574 
òĴ
Ȼ䣬ںһ׼ᣬȻо䣬ֻһ޴צԼ
á
׼оģԼΣգʶȫֶζʩչ˳
һĻ׼ɵˣͿԼɵˣôôء
䡪׼ȫֶΣһצ
ߵǼʹ鱦ΪǵͿ鱦پ޾µͬ鱦ˡ
˵˿ǿȣǿĵˣ˵ʵ˶
壬Ҳɷĥѣأǻ֮ģȻǿ塣
˵Ľ֣һʱһߵľ档
ড
֣ԻĹǿϢڳĶΪ֮
ʲô壿ʳѣʲôʲôصһֻȸʳﶼ㲻ϡ
Ƿһ壬һֱԴĿ־塣
ޣߣ弸λϵĴڵ
ֻһ죬̸֡
Ȼ֣Լľ̾һǰλԼֵһᰡ
λھʲôȻھ鱦ǿĲ鱦
׼߱Ա˺ãˢʱ򣬷ͨĺɫ赲ˡ
׼һĻţԼľۣҪԼȥˡ
ͣ׼ȥˣһѪ
ֶζʩչˣҪԼ鱦κС͡
̡

׼ȶˣ۱ˣº󻹸Լǿ󣬸˲ѹˡ
͡׼ȻоԼ鱦Լʧȥϵˣŭһܡ
ˣϸղŵ˲ϼˡ
˭׼ѵʵ
ߣ㲻ǿҾߣҲ
񣿡

Ȼ䣬Ƿһ廹׼ƺˡ
һˣĹ޵񣬶׼Լ컯Ԫʱܵĸ
˲䣬ַܴʽģǶеˡ
Ĺϴһɣ˽Ķ֪ߣѱշ
ֻҪǵ˾ͺðˡ
׼ɫˣⲻ˵ǵǺã
㣬㣿㣿׼һü㣬Ҳԡ
ߣƶ£־͹̫̰ˣ̰ҲͰˣι޶ûޣƶ㣬ͬһʱĻͱɱˣӦûڻĹʱ
˵񻹲һӳ׼޷Уϡ
׼һҽУΪȻˡ
㣬쵰׼Ŀѡ
鷳׼ȴͲɾŭˡ
ȦĿͽһֱС
ҧҧ׼ʮֵܣҲϹ򲻹ô죿
ĬһǰҲԣԭ£˵ͣʧѻҡ
ҪǻᣬҵսƷ˭Ӯ˾˭ģһӮ˴ɱƶУ˵鱦ˡ
㣡׼ˣ򲻹ô죿Լ鱦ѹ죬ʧȥ
ͽˡ
׼˼ǰ󣬾Լûлɹģô
ֻûȥ֮취ȻʧȥܣƱǿòˡ
׼еǰ֮˵ˣνӦˬ
Űɣɽʹưոݵġ˵׼ݺݵĿһˡ
ˣȴĬˡ
ŭԴүԼˡ
ҪڰСһѡҪǸ׼ߣԼͳͷǣǵͨ
Ҫڷ壬Լûֱӷؾǡ
ڵãΪһʱ̲ס֣׼ŪˣСһﶼˡ
СһݵĿԼô죿
ԼͦϲСһү˵ԵԼҪô죿
ʱ
ǰǰ
峤ض񡣡ǳúܡ
ǰСĵʡ
⻰ʵΣ·˵أȻ׼Բѣ̲סֽѵһ
ֵǸ
˵ͷһۻɵ۵ĿͽŶǷ˸ջΰ棬СһŲ
ǰҵܵܡ
⻰ѿͽˣȻԼĽ㣬ֲòһͬ׽һָܵ׽о
Ŷԭˣǿϧ̾̾ϢǷǼǣ»˰˵ǳ˺ֻܶҪһ˿ǾԴﵽ׼ʥ׼ʥͳǺնʬģϧ
ҡҡͷ
Ȼ뵽İ취ֱͨݣСһԼ˲ͷ
үĽֻܻȥˣѵôӣԼܴˡ
ȴ룬̾ʱ򣬱Ͳֵܣʱˡ
Ѿղİ۷ˣŵù塣


575 ߿
ν֪֪֪ġ
Կͽ񣬺Ȼһ仰˵Ĳᣬͬʱ仰Ҳѷ˵Ĳᡣ
ֻڵŲˣع顣
仰ǽļģѾܵǿˣŲط塣
˵˼ɷֱ˵˳
ڣ嶼һ¡
ǷͷλЩܵĵ
ɫҲ˲ˣͦ˵ģǣ޳֮ˡ
£طһ壬Ҳ鰡˲ɽ̻
˲һɽ̻ıǩ
Ȼ仰ʵҲ˵ֻˡ
ֲԵʱ򣬿գҿԼû˵
ܵķһ仰˵
ŭȻ˵ģʶôѱĿˣȷҪܵͷ

ֻһץסɵ۵ĽһɶԾķ֣ԼͨȻ˰ˡ
ͨᣬһҽС
ȴһ֣һС
޳֮ͽźãȥ
䣡
ֻһ֣岻ܿƵıˣҺɺϵ׼뿪ķ
ùĽԵıֱͨӱˣȦôˡ
ʧȥֱͨҴɣһʱ仹ڿеѾʶˣȥ
ȥɡֹ
Ϊү£û뵽·ת㲻ɽ̻
Ǿٰͨ͵ȥɡ
ۻҵһĻĿɵˣһĸ߲㶼е𾪺Ľ
Ůǲۺͽѵǡ
⵹ãԼˣ
ΨĻ䣬ȻԼŬȫ׷ˣû뵽Լܻܵ
ȷįˣһȺԼĵܵܣôô飿
ѵ˲ת𣿡費ĵʵ
˭סֻзſɣҪŬˡ뵽ǿˡ
ˣÿعȺ
˵ģѡ

Сӣôģûܷìܡ
ȴеˣû뵽ײүĽˣܺá
ңȻһ£һһõСһ
СһۣȻóҲǺǴӻһ뷨Сסû굽ĵز
ǿԽ̻ġ
ǰҡҡŵôҳ
ط治룬˵ĻǺ͵ܵһù
ʶסˡ
ߣ
ƻһߡ
ܷܲܣ峤ҿСȻȸղǸǿ㣬ҲòȥҪǷģƶȥݺĥһ£Ҫ汳ڵë˵ô
⣿һ
Ǻǣģһõġˡһ죬ѹˣ鱦㡣
⣿ܼöʧղŻôأ
Ǿ鷳ǰˣӣǰָ̡ȻҲȸ׼ȥá
ܼӵĴϹϵ
ˣһԴŵҲҷȥܻ
ĺˣһúýģܹܸıɣһĺúӡ˵ЦеĿſѿŵòᡣ
뵱ұѱһëİɣһĸСӵë
·岻ģԼ˵¡
Ȼ仰ʹˣڷֵ˵ͷ
Ǿ͸ˡ
ڷ
˵꣬ſŵÿСޡ
Сӣֱ壬㡣
ǰҪһ㶡
ߣܸϵϺ㡣ǳ
Уֱ壬֡뽾ĲӦ
һɫĹâ˲˿üģһʱʹӦͳܰɡ
Ǵǰ̫ʹõֶΡ
룬ԼĴڶˣСһﻹܲ
ȻˣûԼֵĳܵʹԼԶˡ
Ȼ̻ҪúĥΪһû뵽ôû
ܲˣԼĥʱô˺ܾãС̫ûˣԼ΢ʹֶͲˡ
ᣬԼôôҡ
ôؼһֻȸĺܣ룬ջξִ̫ˡ
㣬һֱ壬һϣ˻һϺȥ
һ·ϣĿȴ֡
϶ҲǹĥԼ
ҲʱָԼȫλ֡
Ӿ絽ͨáĸȵȡ


576 ȼ۽
ǰҪҰһί׼ᣬħί
ϵô㣬Ͳ̫֣¶ѣôĴˣߵ壬ϵʲô취
ħֵοϵԼô㣿
ʦܣĪҪΪǰˡҲȰ
ʵǲð찡
ʦܽĴƱ׬ˣβСߵˣʧԼ鱦˴ˡ
Ǽٵģûð򲻹
Ȳ˵ģ̫ԽĹؿ˵̫֪ܲڸˡ
Ѿˣô죿
ʦ֣Ǿ۲ʧ˰а۵׼
ǣû취Ϊѵ
ǺãǺã׼όⲽȥᡣ
ܣЩԣ˲٣ʦܵĹףΪʦҲƴˡ
ʦܵ鱦˶ˣԼܲˣټҲҪȥԡ
ʦܡĪҪżڴ˵ȺΪȥϺȥģһ鱦ġ
ҧ
֪ܼѣȻҪȥʦȥˡ
ʦ֡׼˲жˡ
ĪҪ˵ˣڴ˵Ⱥ˳㿴صָһƣʦĳ϶ȥŵΪҵС
ǣǡ׼еڣԼҵ鷳ȻҪʦԼ
ˣҶΪˡ
ĥĥˣڽˡ
ڽҪ̤ϺʱȻסƺ˴ԽѴ򽻸̫ɣӦġ
Լ֪˵ƻһЩܡ
ǰһ
ȥɣɣҵȵĹˣ˵һᣬ̫Ϊ˴䣬ܳɹ
ǣ
ˣúҪҲԥˣӹȻϺȥ
ʦ͵ĺԶ׼ᣬҲܱŤ
ȻȻ䡭
ף
Сһôˣôصˣѵַ֮ʲô
ӦģڿһֱƮĽ׼һ֣ѽɽ

ȴ˵̫̫֮ǰżӦ˿ͽҪΣû뵽ǣôࡣ
컯˽Ҫ֤Ԫ̫ʱ¿ʶ컯֤˳̨ںҲҪɹˡ
Ϊˣ̫һֱ̫綢ţ򲻻ǰȥԼȥˡ
󣬰ԼΪ̫̫еЦ
û뵽ײôࡣ
׼Ŀͽһ˻һֵͨӦڲˡ
Ȼ㿴СһǾͺúõ̰ɡ̫˻֣ȥˡ
ȻϲǾԸɡ
һѣʲôá
л̫Ķ̫˵үҸоնȥħԶˣǲһҴôſĴһ
ţȥɡ̫
лү񼤶
̫ˣΪģµү¡
ȵȡҪߵʱ̫Ǿ£һ󡣡
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ڶϺȵһζһη壬һŽϺƶһǴ
ңӵָ̫ʾ׼ᡣ
λѣظߵԼѣ˴𿪶ĹҵСֻҪ𲻹Ըܳͷ⣬һλǰģлˡ
̬ȺܺãһűҲΪ
ֻ˵ڴ˵ȴԼȴ
ͽĻ̫̫һü
ħǼһ̫е㾪档
ԼһͲ죬ѵΪ˸׼飬ԼѾۻ
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̫ħЦˡ
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ƻ̫֪ˣ߰ܵǲ٣޹ؽҪе̫⣬еĿпޡ
Ψһνߵ̫Цˡ
Цߵ˱Լ֪ĸԼߵıԴ
һﾹȻһ£Լ΢͸¶һԼ֪ܣϣסԼԼ
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ڽ׼С£̫ͺˣСԼᡣ
ǿԳʱ䣬컯֤ȥǿ
һˣ̫ˣԼæˣȥһڲˡ
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ĺܣƺҲûʲôҪģ̫뵽
ףˡʢǹ³صĹˮܾܲҵָԪ񣬻Ԫ񣬿˵ܷ٣˴˹½أȻǾðعˮɣҲССĳͷһ¡
ˣ
̫뵽˳׼ıƷһ֦˳ɡ
̫ˣҪˮ׼᱾һ֦еȼ۽ĸо
ˮ׼ʧһ㱾ҲָۿɾͲˡ
ǵģ𲻼
̫ö󣬸죬ݱȥң߽ˡ


577 ѩ
⣿һ𺳡
ô
ԼѾܳͷ׼ˣ⵹ãͷԼԼҪˮʦܵһر塣
ѣ򣿡Ȧ
Լİʹǰеðɣ
ŶҸǸλǰȥɡôѡԼˡ
˵һڵӣͿ͡
ˣҲû˵֮󣬻ʧ뿪ˡ

ںıһѩǵĵطãһƬɫָһΪŨľ޴ɽȡ
ɽȣڱѩ⣬ܱȫն֮أΨһһ·ϣΣ
ÿΪǿ󣬲һ·ͨ˵أΪߣ¡
һ·ϵʬǣԱĺۼµġ̾
ǱΧһĵطţɽ챦Ĵ˵
ֻǴ˵Ϊ£ߵҲ̫ҺڵΪ߻֮أĳĴ޸ֶûС
ˣɽԱ˷𣬾ͱ
żܣŴһۣȻз֡
лĹŵ󷨺һЩȫǻĹŵĺۼԼҲӻĹ֪ʶԨ治֪˵Ǻʱġ
Ǵǰ޵ĴӪ˺ޱ˲أܶ౱鲻ȥ뿪˴˵ء
ԺкܴĿƣʹһطܳʱԻָ
񱾺ΣҲʯͼһǰעʯһ
Ϊ׼ʥ˾޴ϣʯ֮иߵĳɾ͡
ʶʼͬޣҲԸ̫˵ǿԼɽܹϵ˱
ʯһѾﶥ壬Ҫֻܼͬ޵ںϡ
ѡ˺һ
ɽȵ棬ȻʣʮֵŨټѩǻȵģﶼ洦ɼ
Ͽȵͷһ޴󷨣һ󷨣ҲǼ򵥵󷨣Ǳ˸Ķ󷨡
Ѳס׼ʥΪ
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ֻǰɫӰ˲ı仯Ҵ
һ֣Ӱۺ󣬲ֳһɫͷģĵˡ
нɵΪȥջβã϶̫ȹ̣ӦûĹԾΪɢģ
㣬ӦǸ˵СһŲ棬κȴûнֻ֮ܵҸ
Ȼûô򵥣Ų̫ǰԼҸضĲԶˡ
ʶ˻κܶһ
˵֪ǺĻ֮أֺ٣Ҫֻȥ˽֮ܵذʦѰ
˾޴Ȼǰʦ
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Ķˣ˴󵨵һ·񣬸ŸžҪˡ
ҪǸֲ֣ᷢԼĸ٣˿ΪҲզأԼоˡ
Ҫʱ򣬷Ȼ˱һΣյյء
ˣ˲
£һ󣬽һĻȴˣһ·ƣɽȵΣպ󷨣ȫˡ
ںͨ˴˵أǿԼĸ١
ϻβãҲ˵㣬ΣաҡͿĸɽ档
һ˾ĸֲ
ǿˣˡ
ͷСһˣֻûеƣûΣգСһɵĿԣӽŰɡ
û뵽Сɵ治ԼôãԼɽȵڲ
ǰһ󷨣Լƿ󷨶ջǸӦ֪ġ
ˣСɵӼˡ
ʶ˴˿̵һĻ
ƶôãɵǲĶţӵķ緶͵һλ
¶ɵСֻǸϣҲûóϵ
ǵһ㶣ԭķԼˣֻûҴԼѡ
ǰˡѩѩŴɱǣһΣǰǰѳиӦ˸ǰлǰ׷ð֮ȥѰʦģǰѩҡ
ߴģѩһ㶼񣬸ַпȥϡ
üĿĳúܿݣϷı׼
˺ˣȻ뿪ɣﲻĵطףԭԼġˡʱҲᣬ̫˵ˡ
ǰѩΪʦʦѩҲ
ԼûжУһСͣʶץסʦ
ֱӿʼؿͷ̫ˣԻİҲ̫׼ˡ
˰ʦ뿴ʦɫҪǰ˲Ը⣬񲻵ùˣ
һȴֱӣûʲôд˵
ˣ


578 Ĺ

ЦˣøҪƤСһ
ʦӦֻҪӦˣСӲҪƤҲֵáѩܶµģһֱڵϵ
񲻴Ӧӡ
ߣСһʦûô򵥣Ȼ֮ԸƶϲƶһԴԶǣܴ󣬲ô򵥵ģʦŰɣ˵һӦ˵ԶӦ
ʵ
ѾСһˣԸϲԼһУҲ
ǣ˵ģԼͽ䲻ʦѣԼҲ򵥰
غԼغԼʦŰԼʦżǺĵһУܼ򵥡
ÿԼµģҪԼʦʦ䲻ںСˣ׹ʦŵ档
ʵڿѩԣҪǵѩһ˿ͷָ
ѩȻӦһɲļ֣ԼǿԿһ¡
˵ܲܳɣѩˡ
Ȼѩûʧ
ʦŰɣһӦġѩƤЦĳ衣
ԸǼģҲǲġ
򲻻Ȼȥ׼ʥߣ޲繷ʱССɣĸʵʵĴڵ
֣͸ҴӱΪûһԪǲܳɹġ
⻹˳ǰ£˳;к
ʶѩĵɵġ
ᶨ֮ǰЦģᶨĹһ֮أѩƮ䣬ѩ黯εƮѩڸһ
ţǾ͹Űɡ
Ʋ˵ȴһʶžѩ仯
оУоͲУб䶯¡

ʱһŴ
ţȻĹŵŻĹŵӡĹŴ򣬿ƴֲȴǰȲϴ˿󷨵ķͷӣĹŵȴʤڴɲ
ҺãѲסƶ̫˵Ǻܼ򵥵󷨶ѣʦڵĻǿ
ġ
һͨνĲͨǺ̫羫ͨıȽϵġ
Ա˵ʦ
̫ĿȾô꣬ٲóʱӴ֮Ҳǿ
ӲƣûҪ󷨵ĸȫڴ˻ϼԹ̣ʹô󷨵󡣡
ĥ
˻һ뵽ǣӲ󷨣̫˵ȫԸʵ
ȻɵĴ󷨣αػѴȥأȫֵá
Ҵ˵ضָԼþѰĵӦþ֮ˡ
޵֮ˣڤڤеĸӦǺ׼ȷġ
㡣
ûѶã׽͸󷨣˺ʼĴ󷨡
˳Ĵ󷨺һâϮ
׼컯ְģɵĵסǵ
ӽ޵ĲΣôеʧ
ǽâ󣬻Ȼ
㣡
֣ԼľһѱǽξתƷĲΡ
ˣȻѰ֮
Ǳǽһ󣬲ŻȻʡ
棡
Ȼ
ǾԶĹŵĴڣɨ
ǰ棬ʳ
ȴҲ̾ᱱԵʣһֱк֣û뵽ս˿졣
ֱ͵ϮԤ׶ûУʶˡ
ʱֻбǽһ鱦һ˿汾Դѣ˴˵ء
氵вõĵ
޾¹ȥˣ챻޿ˣñ̫ˣҲû֪滹ĺ֡
ռݱǸǶԸ̫ѹѹȣһ֪滹к֡
ޱ𣬱һƬ꣬һߵĵطڵشԵû˷Ҳ
񣬽Ѱˡ
Ȼ棬һʳµĺ֣˵ɽĵط
֣˵زԳһ죬оƷڰĴڡ
ڴ˿̵ĺ˵һЩ춴ضȲϡ
ܶԼһЩģ鱦ϱǽͷ
Ȼ˱ǽ⣬õҲһƷƷһƷ
Ʒ鱦һƴ֮ϱչأɵħЧӦ
ƷֱǱκһȣԼһǺƷ鱦
Ǳ֮鱦˵ܲ
Ȼ˵ظĻһЩĺǴǰռġ
⺣鱦ʵֵԶ˱ǽļ鱦
ãԼԺʦ𻻣ԼʦġʦȡԼҪģʦͨ鱦
ɽ̫ƽƫһˣԵǲá
ԣʦʯףʦ޻رĴˣԼʦˣʹԼˡ
ˣЩԺʦ
ȻҵĴԵ˵ؽƶĵˡһ顣
ͬЩ顣
һڵһ
˵ȸ춴ضԸŲչǱͲԶˣҲ̫졣
ܼ򵥵ģе飬˵ĵˣСҲȻɡ
үܲǺܺȻǲʲôǺǸоӦþ


579 ׼״
̫硣
̫Ӧ˵ҲѰɽˣϲͲʯˣҵԼ·ˡ
Ȼ̫ĵҵ·ˣλȴ׵·ˡ
ʲôܣع½ˮҪҵһر壬ⲻܡ׼˲ŭˡ
ֱ̫ӵ߸ˣΪǸˣôȻҪȼ۽
ֻԼƱˣ˵ģʲôʱ۵Լˡ
ⲻܡ
һ룬˵ԼľûصĻˡ
ʦ֣ȥҵ״˵Ϊϲ𣬾Ȼ󱲵鱦
סҪȥ״׼ᡣ
ʦܰչǲԣ鱦ſޣ˴ˣûġ̾Ϣ
۴صħγʧˣԼʲô
ʱ̫ɱˣֻصתѹˣеȫֹ֪
̫ص򣬳׵İɵˡ
Ȼȫ֪ˣⲻܰ
ֲʱôʱ䲻ϵңԭ类̫ɱˣڶתֻأ̫ϴһ顣
ⲻܣ
ֹţԼһôûˣô죿
УôȥˣȥһҲᱻ̫ˣҲܵˣҪסħֹ
׼Сӡħ񺰵˽ͻ׼Ľ
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ûȷʦֲȥ׼
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ϢϢʹ˼ֱ̫Ӳᡣ
Ҳ͵Ĭأȴ˼֪ˣǱݡ
ָоܣΪԼĴڣ֪
⵹ã̫һˡ
Ҳܣܵǣ֪ĴҲ˵ݣˡ
ˣԼ֪Сںϣϣ̫û˵Լĳ롣
ϣͨЩ룬Լָܻɡ
ԣ׼ԼϢ
׼ΨΨŵŵӣŭʲô⣬ȥȥ
׼һæǰȥȥ
׼᲻ȥҲȥˣ˳ȥһ٣һ߰򴫵ݸ
ӹħ׼ֳȥˡ
һ̾Ϣôʲô˳ء
뵽ʦǰԼ˵Ľ£ȥһ¡
ˣֽһԺ
˵һ󣬽ŻȻ뵽Լͨˡ
һǷϣԼһҪ𣬲˳ĲΪˡ
֪׼ʦֺ󣬽ǰһ׼Ȼܸ
׼˵ǿԶԼԱġ
˵׼˵ʦ֣ӦøǿǣԼ£˵бĻᡣ
ԼʧȥѣԼ츳ɵأʶɵغҺòԼ֮
Ȼǿ󣬵Լϲ糹׵ת֮ء
ʶ
ǰΪͽ
ĲĽͨһ¹ˡ
⣿һ㶣츳ȷҲԡ
һ󣬵ȷԼԵֲʦҪˡ
˴ʦʦͽ֮ԵԼǲ˵㡣
οԼҩʦˣʱҲûͽĴ㡣
ҩʦǽ֮ǰʱ򣬾ͷֵĸŲĵӣκҩʦһֱŽС
׼Ҳ˵ˣͽҲ֪ʦͬⲻͬ⡣
ˣʦ׼˵ҷģпɣȱˣҷİɡֻȺŪȥ˵
еʧĽѾ̤һ飬ڴǰͲźˣΪ˱ֻˡ
ǣԸȴоܱŤ˵仰ⷴн⡣

⡣
棬桭
׼ɫǽбÿ죬һͿʼ캰صĿ
غ춼ӡ
׼ʦ֣ȱˡүԴӺϵûֹٿҲá첻ò˵
ʦܣʦֻбҪ£ǰĽرͿɣ涨Ӧġ
⣿һ㶡
ȥʦܣʦǲƭģǰǴǰеħ񡣡׼æ˵
Ҳʶ㣬ʱˡ
ʦ֣ҵȴȥүүҾͲ֪ˡ
úãлʦˡ׼æЦ·ղſ޵ĺܲҵĲ
任ɫٶȣһԵضĿɿڴ
ֲʦֻÿ˼̫ⷽ˳Խˣе޵еĸо
˳ȥˡ


580 ʯ
Ϣݸ
ϵĺѾûһ˿ĸˣһϺϡ
̽˵˾֪˾ʧˣ׼Ŀߣû
춼һ㶣ôش׼᣿
˼޷ֻʵˡ
ʲô֣׼һȦ
ǵʦ֡ҲģȰʦ֣үĶǵͿү͵Ĺϵ״ģҲڵү֮ǰүҪͷˣҿ廹ϵˣȻõ𲻸ˣǾ˼Ҹ˵£ͲΪˡ
׼᣺
һ²ۣ˵Ҫõˣ֪Ҫʲô𣿻ҲǲԲҵġ
ðɣлʦˣʦȥ취ɡ׼Ƶ뿪ˣ
ͷ
̫Ĵʯһ֮ɽ˵غͨɽ裬ǧ׵Ĺ֡Ƶշ塣
ȥ֮ء
ʯиӦ˵ؾԼѵŨɫΣգ
Ǻкĵǧ𣬵գ£мѭ
羰Ũ֮أʺĵҪľǼ̣⻷ҲǼ̵һ֡
úúãѰҶ꣬ҵ֮ʺϵĵˣ£Ǿĸı䣬羰Ҳĸı䣬Ũһĸı䡣޵Уҵ·䷱ƽй֣ҿĽ
˷ܵʯϴ˵һߵɽ󣬳
λ̫ĵӣɵж죬ΨʯĵһҵһǾʯĵ
˵ʯֵǲ٣Ҹģаأɱ
ʯʶɨȥԼҪľһҪǶ¹ء
崦˵ǿʯ֣ǧɣɡ
ʯһȥãʺϵĿˣʯշˣԿɽš
ʯҲǵ񣬼򵥵ǾȻ̫ҽɵĲΣ⵹Ǻܺ
ɽԲڣľʯĸ̫Һڣղ̫ҵĲΡ
Ǽ򵥣ͨĻΪζᣬֻ޾µ
ĸʯ֣ɽԲǿģʣĻ̫ڵһһɡ
ʯǴ˵صͳߡ
˵䲻СԴḻɽˮģһﾫ֣Ҳǰռݡ
ʯ۲һ˲ʧˣȥͷ˳忪ʼˡ
ҪǽأҪ̵Լͬɡ
˵ȫɱ
Եģʼһɽ
ûз羰ԼûԼۣʯĴ޵еļ֮

ͨ
ʯѹſһ˿˯ǧʯˣȻһ󣬶ʱ޴ѹѹùز
㣬㣬
ӲļһȻеȫ㤣һصΣ˲ϯǡ
ŷǰǡĵˡֻҪһָͷ׵Լ
ǲ⣬ԴĿ־ȴӦ
˲䣬ɪɪʯˣʯһָͷָǷԼȻ˵㡣
ллǰллǰɵһˣۡĿͷĵĵضɽҡ
ˣ˵ؽƶռˣǾǴ˺Ļɽ֮ˣǿԸ⣿
Ը⡣Ը⡣Ȳ˵ģǱԴеĿ־壬ʯҲͬ࣬ҸεѹǾͲҲӦ
ʯǿǺǴԵ
ʯĵ˵ͷóɴСƷ鱦ĲΡ
鱦ˣȥɽǿǰʯֶҴ˵أɽƶĵȽƺƶү
үɵӹ⡣
ǻ۲࣬Ҳ֪鱦û鱦أȻԼһһүȻ
Լֵȥʰˣ̫ˡ
Ӳ̫ļһ۵۵Ŵ󲽣ȥʰһвˡ
ϤȻ֪˭ǿ
ʯҲãĿã˵飬һá
˺ʯĶӲͨ컻صֶΣóһ޴ĵ
ֻһΡĴĹʯ޵ĵطҲܼ򵥣һ׼ʥĸ޵֮ء
ʯҪǽɽͬķԼķ
ֻҪʹ˵ԼͿɷչ˵أչ˺ԼĴܸŴ˵˺ı仯׳
ʯߵĵԼĵɽԭ㣬ɽ׳ˣɽȻ׳Լĵ
̫һơޡ֮
ΡĴһ飺
ǹ̫һ㲻ܼԼϡ¡ҲܻԻ͡
һߡ
ʯûʯڴǧʱ䣬ɽǿȫһ飬ҰǶˡ
ʯķԸ



581 
ʯû뵽ʯֵЧôߡ
˵ɵ˸֣һʯ죬һʯԡ
ʯ뵽ʦ廤ޣܰԾͺܲҲɵĽԽԽ롰ܡķˡ
ʯҲϣԼɽʯ֣Ҳܰһɳ
ʯʽշɽǿİٸʯֺ󣬺Ȼһָʣһɫǰ
ѰõǱñʧ
ԭ̫
ʯļãسϺ
ʯλӶܵĴ
ʵ̫ȻеһԲݷ֣ԼĵӶѾɽΪʦ˵Բˡ
нഫ֮£֮£ǿʼʽˡ
ǰλ֮ãԶҵԼĵʵ̫˸ĹЧ
ʽţƺ̫ʦ̫õ˸Ǻܶ࣬˽ǸܺãҵԼԭ
˿̣ʯʽȷʱ̣̫ΪʦԲˡ
ڤڤеָ̫кܴջ
ջļλѰҲһʹʶ̫Ҳкܴĸ
ǰͻ߲㣬һܴ󣬵εӵԲʹ̫ľнҪ˶þܻԪ޽ɰ˲ˡ
̫е档
Դ£һǲ׽ġ
ϸ˵̫ѾƿԼˣҲˡ
ǣƿصģǺԼˣ˵ںĿ˵û˿Ҳܺ
Ȼ޵޼ޣ̫ˣƿصˡ
֮ڴ˻Զĵ֮Դ˸ǲۼ
ʱԣĳѣƿء
̫˵ƿء
иߵĹؿҪѣԴĵ
ʶȻĽ͸̫𾪡
ΪǳʦֻǵԼдջ
̫뵽Ψһ͡
ңӦǽҪ·
һСҵԲҲԳƺҡ
̫ܣѰнǺͨԲһ֡
ƮĵԷĸ򣬺Ͷ֮ĸ
Ҳ̫һֱԺĳڴԵʣΪʺϻ
޷ܣֵӳʦԲġ
˿ȥ嫵ķҵԲǵҪ·
Ѱ·Ļ̫ǿ̤ԲĿʼˡ
ʶ̫ˣλǣǽԼŬˡ

̫磬̫󣬸λӴȥš
ǰĴøˣҲá
̫һֱڵλѰҵѰԼĴ裬˺ԼõҪöˡ
Լٺ鱦ҲҪ¡
ľ̫ľ˻µˣǴǰ°徫Ӣ
Ļ¡çɽȣҲдԲĲˡ
֮ǰһֱָɵӣڵӶʦˣҲָˡ
Լϵĺͺ̫Ҳɳȥ
ɽȺܼȻҪԼָ
ֵԼ
ǵļ뵽
кǰǵλʦʦ㣬ѾʽɽˣҲ㹦ԲΪʦһЩҲøˣҪǰѱּǵĴ轻ǡ
𣬴˴δʯǵʦʦ㣬Ҫ˴±ּ⡣
˵ֻ̫꣬һ֣߸ɫĳʥּһĳͯС
⣬ڣбµ鱦ͱķӰȴﵽʦʦʱӦԻ֡ȥɣʯʼεŮʦ㡣
̫һ󣬰ѻӽ˺𣬺𵥴Сһء
ҺҪԼ򲻿үʧ
ڻɽǣʵڻĴڣҲһ̶ӡ
̫ڻװ˺ܶ鱦˵û˸Ҵ⣬̫ϣҪ͡
ˣ̫Ľǳ̫۵һˡ
˽ƣ̫ϵһֱʾ˽Ƴָ֣Ҵױȵѹ
ٶȷױȣǶʱڳڣֲںĸ̫ӵĵ
ҪԼ֪Ѷʱ䣬̫Ϊһ㣬ֻԼĽ֡
Ȼ
Ƴֵʱһʥ˳εѹϯģûڸǡ
ɵ֪ϵ˵û
˲ˣҪ
屾ˡ
׼ĲƳֺˣ㰴̫˵ġ
屾չ׼ʥˣˣǾñչҲãǾͳȥ߰ɡ
ѪҪεõˣȻˣΣٵȵȰɣҪ
֮
ȻĽƳ֣ӵĸı˺ܶ
һʱĳĬˣڹ۲Ƶ
ֱǷ֣һƬʯɽȥɻˡ
ǣһȦ



582 ɽ
ɽʯȻ͵һ㶡
ʦּˡʯŵ
Ѹٵİշİʮʯ˹һʯҪ£λɽġ
Ȼ˹һɵˡ
ҹӭƶʦּ⣬Ȼ˭ҪǸƶһɳ֪𣿡
֪үɵæֵ̿
үʦֱ޷
ǵǻҲ벻ף֮ǱүҪǿˣŲ˵ˣǻᡣ
һʯͨͨȫز𣬵ź˵ĵ
ںȾɽԶʱǽƺȻ磬һ鲼Ľųˣȣ̤Ͻţŵһ˶ȥ

ʯӭʦʥּ
ʯɫ£˫ϥأ˫ֹһʯʥּͻ
ʣĻȣȴҽʯĹݣķֿһߡ
ʯʦ֣үּԼɡҲ£ּ⽻ʯ
ʯվ˫ֹĽӹּ⡣
һȥ̫һЩȰͶڴԼ
ʯʥּһɫɽʯ̵̫ڡ
Ȼǵƺһ̫һһϺͺ˲ɽ
ʯһʦһ˿ʶۣѹԼɽ˵ġ
Ȼ̫ɨֻɽأܶɽˮȻһ㡣
黨Ҳ洦ɼգۼš
һе棬һֻذ㣬ڵǶеһϴӡ
ɽʯ֣ǹţһϴĺǻ۵ʥɨǺȻԼǻ˺ܶࡣ
⻹Ǽ򵥵Ŀǣи棬˺չʾ
ǵ̫ķһ̫٣ֱͨˣ˵ѹ˵á
ʯлʦ͡ʯź̫ĵݵ
̫һ֣˵ʡȥĹһʡȥڣڵǱ仯󣬻ʯ
ڣҪʯԼĵ޵е·
ڵģ̫˺ܶ࣬һ󷨵ĺģղɨʱѾһĪ۳ˡ
⽫ɽǿĻɽ
Ȼ
ֻǿθˡ
ʯʦ֣ӭүɡ
ʯһ㶡
ʯӭʦ𡣡

ֻһ󣬻ӷɵ̫ϣǵǻ˹һ
˫أһѹϯ
ʯ
ǵ񴫳Ƶϣ书½ֱָ󣬹âɣĪ⡣
еۣڵŵף̫һ
ڡ
˱´ӣشȻļ̣֮ļʯûñʧѿɽҳģο˱֮鱦㣬ɴĸ»ˣĵͨȣϤõ±֮ͳмǣ߲Ϊ߲ţΥ㵱ɼǷ񣿡
ӽʦʥּΥ𡣡
ƣ
ֻ̫һ֣ʮ鱦ʯʯһ󼤶Լ޾Ҳʱ䣬е鱦á
ԼȱԼ˺˿ô죿
ʦԼʮ鱦ǽԼĶ̰塣

ֵ̫⣬٣йģһֱΪţΪˣصشӺǣĳͣʮ鱦к֮Ҫһ°ɡ
ʯȻˣ
ԼйͣʦԼҪˣ
ԼĥͻƣȻɱһЩصģûҪô鱦ɣ
ѵǿʦĺôӵĹһʮ
ʯлʦл档ʯҲ
䲻֪ʦôԼҪģԼ߲ܰͷڲˡ
ˣҲл˵档
ˣ̫ĵɢȥʥ⣬ָ˱ģֻǱȸղŸһ˿ԡ
̫ٵĺô
Ҫ飬ʯҲɷԡͨϵ̫̫ٴν١
ҲǴĺô֮һ
û̫Ҫ飬ʯǲ̫ٵġ
ڴˣʯ˿ָһ˺ܶɵдˡ
çȣǴ޺ڻԲĸֵ֣۹ǶȲһǿɲῴᣬʯĵ
ʯʦֵļ̡
ʯ֣Ҫͨ˵֡桯֮
ȻҲʯ
ν桱̫֮ʱ˵һƿ̵֮ͨĵĺ־֮֮Ļ֮ġ
͸֮ʱ֮Ը֮ػءۡ
˴ɽһƶ֮Ļ֮ģͨأжֲ˵صơ
һִᶨ



583 ɽ
Ȼ
˷ΣؼǿԼļᶨ־ᶨ֮ϵĽ
ʯԤƣɽټϴ˺ԼҲĸ
ɽ컻صʱ򣬾ԼΪ֤Ԫ޽ɵʱ
ʯ˵ȻҲ󣬻ˡ
ǴأиµĴ裬ҪɽȫصĴ裬򵥰
ʯֹȻ㡣
Ǿ
ʵҵ֮չȲ֮ӣȻֻпͼᶨĵֲˣλҵĵѣ֮·ǧ˵;ͬ飬ûһ򵥵ģҲǱӰˡʯ
ҲԿ϶һʯѾҵԼĵˣִֵҵȾ塣˵
ǺǣҵȾͲ໥ˣ˵ῪɽҲ֮ܺرȽϣûУǰȴд֮Ϊֲʯź
޷ǵü֮ѾǴջˡЦǲ֪費Ҫ֣
Ŷʲô˼ʯʵ
֣̫飬ձƿˣǳڴ̫磬ийأҪԲҪնħ㯣ҲҪȻǴ޲ε飬նħҲвٺʹһļ̵СͬҪԸĻҿ԰ѻȥԸģ߳Эֵģˡ
˺̫ܶΡ
̫鷳ʱز١
ڵ֪ʯȿɽҲͶһ߸һ
һܵõʯָ㣬õĻܱʯ¡
ջܴ
⻹̫磬ңĸ࣬һЩΪµģҪı˵ģֻңݵĻȥ׷ѰԵ
̫ļӿɽǵĻԵ
ʯȻӦˡ
ȥǣﳨŻӭҲǣ޵ĵ֮ˣȹ֮ˡΪ̫ҿΪʹߣ̫֮µĶͨ£ȻԲĻ׼ʥ˳ϣܲǺǡ
ʯ˳ŵ
ƣֵĻһȥͶҲұ֤ıضǼ֮ȹ֮ˡ
ãǾͰл͵ˡ
޷£ӦõģҲ̫翪֦ɢҶ
ƣ
֣ȻȸˣȥʦǣķԸΪء
ãȻҾͲˡʯ˵꣬ͺССһʦͯͯŮǵϲܵܿɰ

һ뿪ˣʯᶨĶϺһݣʦԼˣ·ȫԼˡ
һõԵʯ֣Ҳʯݣǵõ˴Ե䲻֪үʦεȴڣĵûġ

ɽɽ
׼Ŀ飬ԡʦּĵ
ֵɽϣ˿̸£ڿ£Ҳе˾޴ѹ
죡
գһŴն
ӿ顭
һľ飬ں̫ʥּʥּʹڵ̫ںˡ
̫ʶٺ󣬿ɽ飬ӭӡ
飬ûɽǰˮ˿ˣοһֱñ⣬ȻѶԿɽҪҸˣռһ㿪ɽ鱦ʮƼãⱾ֮ͨӲǱ֮ˣǣϲ߲
⣬˱ӺǣΪѰĹͲ֮ռǬȡǬ飬дˣܴ͸㣬ڱ֮⡭Ƽã

˵̫꣬ĵָԭģʯһ˺ܶԣҲһϺͺ嫡
亹ܵɽ飬˿һڵʥּϺǵԪҲõϴӣԴõĹ̡
Ǹ̾ʦҲԼʦүȻǿ
ڴ˹̫̫ı
ϲʦ㿪ɽ
ϲʦ㣡
ϲӣ
ԱȳĬԵʯĺֻ̫̫֮¡
Ըǰģͺ׷ϲĹؿ顣
лǵĹأ˴ڣܶ࣬дһ
⣬д㣬һԸԼġ
ͻ˵⡣
Ƿ׷ױ֤ȥ󶨻Ϣ̫ң顣
տͶ߻֮һҲڴ
˺һ֦Ǭ֦Ѿ˺̫⡣
֪̫ϲռТġ



584 ⣿
ı
ʦּҪˡ񼤶뵽
뵽һֱǵľѩôȥˣѩȷһֱᶨĹţһ˿ڵ˼
ĺĵϣ޻ںһǰԵøӵǿʢˡ
һǸܵõġ
Ȼλʦ𿴿뵽
񣬿ʼԸ˴ΪǶ족Ķ鿪ʼ׼
ֻһ֣ڶŵľѩȻ岻ܿƵűǶȥ
ѩʱ򣬶ʱˣʦڿյˡ
סСӣƶû˵ƶǿ֮пɣѣúƶʦ𽫻ήʥּҲãᣬƶʦܿ㣬ǿɣʱƶļӣƶʦ𿴲㣬򵽺ʱûãԣ˾Ϳƶʦ𿴲ˡ
һϯþѩǽš
ôǿĸˣȻǱ˵ĵӣôˣѵλǰʦǵ治ɣ
Ͼʥѹģ֪̫У֪ļûС
ƫԶĵ̫ĵţû֪ġ
ô˵ѩԼĻᣬԼ֮ļᶨԼܻ£ʱ˵ǰʦ𣬿Լأ
ֱӺʦүˡѩ
ˣ̫ӰҲܳܵĵסֺ嫺ѹ
ǰضʦ⡣ѩŵ˵
ãϣ΢ЦСһˡ
Ȼ
úϼǧߵı硣
ɫĳ磬죬һõϴӡ
񣬹ӭʦʥּ
һº͵ģĽӹּ̫⣬ʥּһʧĵڡ
һʥɨʼۣʼ֣滨׳
ѾѩɵˣǺεȴڰһʥּȻΰһǰʦ̫ˡ
ֲǰԼԭأʦţͽȻޱȵϸ
ǵ죬󣬾ѩˣӡÿıԴУûʱ򣬶ϵó
ʦǿѾе޴ѹˡ
ǻ˹һ̫ٺȫˡ
ʦү𺳵
Ǻϲʦү̫ǿˣҲ̫ˣղʦүɢʥ⣬ȻԼǺͱԴкܴ
ݼʦ𡣡
ݼʦү
ݼʦʦʦǸ֣ѩӲûʵ˼άԪ񶼿ˡ
ף˼Сһ̫ȻԾѩ˵һ䣬Ѿѩò
񡣡
ڡ
ѿɽԲһܵô컯ȴǲϹǰԣȴ뻹д˺֣ȴҵͽãʦһ¡
ֻ̫Ӱһ֣ƮһıԴ
˻ħ񼫺ħ֮Դ֣֮֮ǰһֱû㣬Ȼѳʦʹ͸ɣ˱Դ̤ϸߵĵ
˵һԴ̫ķӡ·ɽԪС
̫ķӡͱˣ񣬿ûܴ
лʦ𡣡񼤶
û˱״Ҫԣ֮ǰʯһΪ
·ҪʯһںϺſɡ
֮ǰԺһоĺǳΪҪԼĺһʯһҪѺܳʱ䡣
û뵽ʦĴԼˣֻҪԼѺһʯһƽԼնȥħʱ̡
ǰǵǵģʦʦöԼˣΨԼƲ̫һˡ
һ޷ںϣ޷ںϣƾԼĸţֹ׼ʥˡ
û룬ʦһ֣޷ݵ棬һԼǰ·ӵĿˡ
ֵ̫⣬㿪ɽʦֵˣʹˣдҲ̫ˣ˶ȵҲãһδ裬Լˣ˱ʮ鱦Ҫ˻¡
лʦ𡣡񼤶Ľӹ˵
ѩɵˣʲôʱδһֻŵ鱦Ȼһͳʮˣ
⣬㼸٣йģʮ鱦˱ͺҪģǰĹͲһɣǺʯ֮鱦мǽʹã⣬֮ͨҪȥѰԵ֮˴±֮²ǣмǾϲ߲
̫һǸʮ鱦
Ѿ׵İѴ˶;ѩɵˣǺεȴڣֱ֣⣬⣬⣿
Ǽٵİɣ
ǾȻ𺳵ĻˣҺѹûҲԼ߻ħġ
ǣǣⰡ



585 
лʦ𡣡
񼤶Ľӹ鱦󣬼ֱ̫𺳣ΪԼǰ˴ˣõ˱Ƕһء
û뵽˻ڼʦִԼôࡣ
ⲻ֪λ˺ܺã̫ǿ˼ӳֵá
̫Ӱɺ󣬽Ҫɢȥ
ʦ𡣡Ȼʵ
£
ӻ֣̿ǰִӣȹ̣֮ļᶨҲ뽫Ϊ£ʦָ㡣ҧҧ˵
Ŷ̫һɨѩ
ѩ֣Լȫ˿ˣ̽飬оԼһ˽ûУǺεȵĿ¡
һӰ򵥵ɨǿ޷⻹ڼ
ţΪӣδᡣ̫˵
־ѩѩŴǣŲ֮ҲпɣǿΪһӡ
ֵĲ³ΪŵҲС
лʦָ㡣
ѩлʦ档ѩ˵ʦˡ
ƣ̫˵ͷʧˡ
̫ĵǹݣѩһ˿̫ĵݡ
ڱˣĿĴﵽˣӾͼӣֻҪԼŬûбµһ졣
ȻѩԼλʦܺ棬Ǻε

д𡢻
裬ѣΪ鷳㡣
ҽֻҪ岻ݴǡ
ʵΪʦĸҷ˴˶죬˻Ĺʱĺ֣Ǵ㿿ﶫɽģԴܶࡣ
ֵȻЩʱãΪҲûԣʶ뵽ǻɵҩ鱦ȡκΣΪ˲ȱ١Ϊְеѣȥ̫ң͸¶һ£˵ΪֿԺǻȡ鱦鵤ȣȻⷽ˲ţΪΪҲӭǸֻһ飬ԸΪֻģΪֶϲ
һЦⰡ
ʯԼ˵һ£ҲһЩ̫飬Ҳϲĥһ
һļϣ˵ˡ
ȥ󣬻һ£Դϲ
ˡ
һʼ򶫺ȥѡޡԪӺŮҪ
һߺ󣬾ѩʣʦʦ˼ҵ׺εȴڣ
Ǻǣʦ棿ҡҡͷ
ֻҪ𾴷Уڲʺ֪ʦ飬֪˶ҲãСӺúŬɣǱʦ濴صģĪҪ˼ҵڴΪʦʦš
ʦѩһЦʦʧġ
ߣУˡȻΪʦӣΪʦҪΣĵĺ;пɣﲻŵҪʱҲҪѧʲôŵľ䣬ǸΪʦȥĥĺ;ɡ
ʦȥĥѩɻ
ĪҪżȻΪʦ᲼󷨿㣬ʲôʱﵽΪʦҪˣٸΪʦѧϰŵľͨɡ
ǡѩŵ˵
ţ


׼Ѻޣɵ飬ӭ̫ʥּĽ١
õĴ裬̫˺ܶࡣ
˵õɵǺܴĴ裬˲á
ֻ˴Ӻթ鱦̫鱦д衣
ƽʱͺƫӣҲǸԣĺܣ̫ûйĴ裬Ҫעƽ֮
ڼ
ѾͺϲĻޣ˴ܰ˵һ˵
ܲ廤ޡ
˴˺뿪ˣƺƵģİй۲塢಻ѡ
ǿϺ͵Ķһɫ޺ڻԲĲΣȻ
ÿζˢ֪Ϊôֵʱ򣬽ֳܶ࣬ɴĦ
һȥ
Ѻе˸С
ô˵ںܸԵ֣޵޵ûˡ
̫עص棬ԵǶǱ棬ûΪߣû˸顣
еһַʽΨһ
ңѰҡ
ҡ˵ˣ˭֪滹ܸܲ
̫һţʼձֳ֮ĵ״̬
ʶΪˣ鲢ûм٣Ҳûʧ
̫һŵı־һģ纣ġ
ʶһֱܱңһֱܱӦеĸ飬ͨĸȥȥȥ档
˵ףʧȥ޵̫չСǽݾѣȲԼߴ
㣬ʦĶͣ˺ʽĳʦˡ˵
֪ǿĻѹ
ǰ
Ҳ̾ϢһѾʧĺˣûصˡ


586 Բ˫ϲ
ׯۣԪѾڵȴ
ׯУһ̫ĵڣΪ̫ĵӣȻȱ١
ׯ۱̫ĵɨ˲˺ܶ࣬ıءӿ
Ԫӣ㱾˶֮ˣıĹ켣ҲûñʧһֱòǰѾڤ飬ںǣԼĻԵͲ鱦ˣ
̫о仰Ҫ͸㣬ס飬ľȻܸ֮飬֮⽫ʥĻԵ
Ԫһһۣ֣صĹ̫󣬵Ԫлʦָ㣬ӱضʦ̵
ƣʥһĽݣ֪ʥҲһֿʼϣնȥʬʥʬԲԼһҪмǣаն֮ʬʱҪ߱𣬱ΪѰ顣Ǳ裬Ƿ񣿡
ӽġԪӵ
̫Ӱ˵ͷʧڵС
ׯ۵飬˿
ԪȴĶ̫࣬˵նȥʬʥи֮顣
һԪеǸ֮飬֮֮ĸԴҪ
նʬʥ̫û˵ף˵ˣԪӵħϡ
ʥֻҪնʬһʬʬʬֻҪϹ¸ܳʥ
ʥǿȴܳʥǰ׼
նʬʥʥΪʧȥȥ̩ȣʾʥҪնʬѺѡ
ʧȥնʬ
ǰնʬѶһôʥնʬȴѶȼα
̫ϣԪܳʥǰնȥʬʥֻҪʬԲҵԲͿɡ
ѶС˺ܶ࣬ʬԲҵԲҲɺܶࡣ
̫ԪӵУϣԪܽסջ
һȥ
ˣǵԼλͽܵĴּ䲻֪𴫵ʲôԿ϶һƳʦ֮񣬻ʽϵǳʦ
ҲΪǿɽףһ
ټϽţƺķϣԤʾͽʦȣҲһسϵĵˡ
һʱˣԼҪҪҲͽȻ²Ҳջ
ʴˣһʱ䣬ܶܿʼежˣʼѰҵˡ
кܾܶϲаʦ·ˡ
޺ʹ֮ϵзʽһֱǲ֮أֻǧ֪
ǧָͣԲͬĵȻһģҲһġ
Եĸһһɶǲһġ
ô˵֮ϵĵ˿ֻǧ֪
ˣһܿʼͽϢ󣬺˲̿ʼˣĺʽʼˡ
ͬҲʼеۿȣΪײ߽Ը޵
ò˵̫γĵķټӿ˺ܶࡣ
󡭡
Ů̫ŮҲаš
ɽʱŮѾڵȴʦʥּû˾֪ˡ
οŮܸӦõ
̫Ӱֺ
Ů洣ǱУԴһ֮Եʶָ١ѾնȥһʬҼо
ȻҪʬԲ֮鱦ҪԴͳһſɣȻ侻ֻǶ鱦ĲΣʬԲҪмǣ򲻿նʬʱɽͼͺҲɣף
Ů洽ʦ̻塣Ů活ش
ƣ̫ٳڵӵĴ裬Ůһˡ
ӵ鱦ʮҲȲ侻˵Ů洺ܺˡ
һʮŮ䡢ľһ䣬Ԫһ䣬һ䣬ȥ䣬ֻ̫ʣˡ
ǣ
̫֣̫Ҫ׵ںϳɹˣҿʼˡ
Ǻ͵Ļһӡ
̫ǹӻ᲻̫ıԴʧ
Ȼͨ۲֣Լˡ
һֳԲʧ˵һһӣҲ̫׳첻ȱٵһ
޷׵ĳ졣
̫ˣ̫ӣܻᳬԤϡ
ܵ伫Ʒ鱦ε
ȻȲҵ½ǿ棬ᳬ֮ǰʮƷľ
̫ʹŮԭҲò
ǲŮ洵δҪŮиõδⲻɱ⡣
̫ӣֻ˵֮ϲ
⣬һ仰Ҫסغõʥ
̫컯أصĶµ顣
̫˵꣬ʱŮһãȻһ㶼򲻳Ǻ⡣
εļˡ
ˡ
̫ʧˣ²ˣ֦ɢҶˣԲˡ
̫һ˳غŮ洵أ컯Ҳһȹˡ
Ҫ֤ˡ
̫֪΢΢һЦû뵽˫ϲš



587 豦֤ж
𡣡
컯˶̫
Ѿ֪컯ȥ
ƣ
Ӧ컯죬ÿ̹֮ᦺ̫ͼ̹ᦺ̫ͼѾӺԭʼ
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˲ʧ̫ң
̼䣬ѾиӦڴ˵ȴˡ
⻹ǵһμϵĺޱ飬һָ߸ϵĸо
λѡ
ѡ컯
̫˵ͷ
컯Ҫ֤ˣǴӦÿġ̫ʡ
ʵǺġ
Ϊǰԭʼӵ̫ͼ̹ᦣԶԼ֮ǰ
Ȼ˵Ǽٵġ
˵кܴ̹ᦺ̫ͼü͵˿֤Ҫǿ˺ܶࡣ
ԭʼӵģȴǻָ֮ǰ
Ҳ˵Ĺûˣһ̫ˣֻû˵ƶѡ
Ȼǵã̹ᦺ̫ͼˣˣǿӦѵ
˵ֻ˺һ̵֣̫ͼ̹ᦣժȡǰ̹ᦺ̫ͼĹ£ԴۣΪһԵĿ츨֮֮ŵ
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Ȼˣ̫ҲϻѸٸ˺컯ȥ
ʵˣ컯һ
̫ϰߣΪܵһԼϵĸоܡ
Ԫ޼ɲεĺе̫оܱŤ
һֱԼǿģκϵĺ̫죬ԼĶ֣̫ѹ֡
ˣ̫Ҳϻ컯ȥˣ컯֤
ڰ·ϣ컯Ȼ˵һ̫еԥ
˵ʯҲǿ㿪죬ܰǣ̫
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ҲǣҲûǿ
뵣ģü˿ʱĳ֣ЩǿԸǸ򡣵㿪ʱһ̣ᷨͬ
ǱǵܵȻ߰ɡ컯̫ļƻ۷ˡ

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ֵǣͨ콨ľȴǱݵˣͨ콨ľƿأпܣľͨ콨ľϡ

е߲١
һᣬۿ䣬˵ⶫǻǲˣȻţֲ㷴Ȼԭ򡣡
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ԼûĻⶫҲһӡ
ֲҪӣѾעˣԼɱƺ˵İš
ȻԼûɲɱˡ
뵽ˡ
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588 
˲š
죬ƺƵĴһ޼ʡ

ۿھϣ˻һʱѹһŶȥ
ľٶĴ𾪡
Ҫ
ķѵȥҶ鷳
ǲµĳͷ𣿡
ǲܵģܶ鱦ɱûܹ
Ҳǡ
ҿŵĺܣҲա
ǰ˵ɢ޺ܣĴжѹǣܶõ˷絺λıӻŵԱסġ
ʹʹ񣬶ĺܣҲҪˣΪ֮׾ƹ𣿡

һʱ䣬׷ţ˶ľٶ

ûڣ֪ܿˡ
ˣҵĳ棬ôôں֮ڡ
ྲ
һŭȡ
Żŵĳɺͳ赣ǣҵеĴԣǾҺǾһսɣߣ޷ŻǶѣԡ
ƺյ˵ԣ赣ģеĴԣ壬޷ǡˣǲţȻǵǾŽ֪ѶˣֻǿĹؼ
һϯһ˷ܡ
ǰеʲô壬ҺԼһսɣ
ǻᱻķŭģ岻ҡ
Լ˲ԼţҪԿǿԼ˵ǿ
һͽ˲ˣǻᡣ
һĻᣬһʽƽƽĻᡣ
Բơ
ˣĴΪġҡûУ緢
һĻе̾Ϊֹĵ
ǧ˲š
죬յ˶Ϸ

ˣ
̫һֳӣһ󣬴˵ر̲ǧ⣬ԣѹǡ
˵ǲܵģǵĵȻԴ棬ԵʱЩҲܺڡ
ôͱϴˣ
ҪԼǰ뿪ãҲش˿ľսˡ
Ƕ̫һĺս񣬻˵ۿʣԼڶ
ϸһܿóȷԼǿˣƺ
ԼνԱġ
䡪
ܷŭⶫ̫һֱ̫Լ
Լǳȥأǲȥأ
ȥⲻڱԼˡ
ȥ񲻳ͷڹˣܡ
ʶһᣬֻܴ߷ͷȵΪԼĳ̵档
Ʋˡ
⣬ͷȴͷҲڸ壬ܵԵġ
һֵҫ
ۿ̫һ£ҵȾˮˮʦΪ˵

ֻ̫һһֱϲ
ĴսͷĽһֱġ
ֻ̫һһЦ˵һװͿˮˮ˱ȴɱĴɱᣬһ˵ԵζøҪĶ
㣬˵˵ŭ
ȷ壬ʦڵԭ
ռ˵ϷԼƵһǿŵĳԼԼġšŸҺġ
ԼķƵһռ˵ԼڱڱСǷСˡ
ˣ̫һĻһ졣
ߣҵҵҲϻ˵˵ô̫һֵ壬۸Ҫ̵ĴڣҪΪȥֵܱ𡣡
֮λ޴ǣֻǴɱ˼аѣģҲǹܽ޷ǽ˶ѡӡֻ¾
ãȻ˾ͺãǺѿģһ仰֮ǰɱף
ڣۿ˵ˡ
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Ȼ
󣡡
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ôԼأ
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ǣ㣬ǣµĳͷ𣿡ĿѣҲκεĽڣֻܰ档
ߣεȴڣϵΪֻҪغĴƣǲΪǾǺĵġơɣ
ۿʵ



589 Ա
Ǹң
кβңĩյˣΪͨ콨ľʲ֪𣿡ۿһ˶Ժ
ļ۾㣬㡭
ϻ˵ɡ
һʱ䣬ڶɵУþս˿ʼȥ
֣ʱûзӦⲻԤᷢġ
ˣ˲ʧء
ǱۿˣۿĵͶĴǼƷ鱦ĲΡ
ټϸ鱦˵ļ¡
Ϊ;ۿȴǿܶģԽԽ¯̫
ۿ̫ڸʱ򣬾ͰѴԼҪֶΣʶ
öһʱֻƣмܡ
̫һȴǳͨ裬ûжûһһ֮С
ָһδɱ
սһ֮󣬲Ƕ֣ǰйսĶ֡
岢ǸϾɱһЩС򲻺ͶһĵģֻҪܣ
ֻЩҶģĶġ
壬˴־Ͼɱʽϵ߽⡣
ܶѾ˿еѾʼ·ˡ
˴ѳɶ֣ǲܵˣ
ģսѡ
ں֮ڣָܺͶ빲ǲܵģԳʮֵĻ
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ʶսļܵģһʱ俴Ӵʵڵۿס˲һкǧˡ
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Ҳֵչʾǿ󣬷˺ޱԼûв룬̫һЦǶɵ֪
ȷǿ󣬻󵨣ԵĶۿļƣǴ㳹״ɱ
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Ǿõ𣿲ǲ𣬶ˣǰ鱦ᣬ治һû˵ʲô
ǰ
һ̾
һĵĵ̼ʧˣֵ겻ѡ

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е
û뵽Լ齨Ϊǿ򵥵ı߽ˡ
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ʱ˵ĴսݱԲܻᱻǣѾ߽˿Ѿɢˡ
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ڵˣҿֱ֪ͥ
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յڣһ˻˺أ

һƬúȵ̫ϯ󺣣һ˲䶼˺ܶࡣ
ļãۿоãƺԼղʩչͨúеǣ
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㣬ɣ
ܣԪѣһ첲ˡ
Ѿ;ƿݵܴʱףԼ׳־վһա
ڶħʹһ츳Ҳ᳹׵ʧһִ
ִǲܳ׵ɾģǰСˡ
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ʶĻ䣬־ϣĶһȻ
ݺ޾£վһգҰäĿ᱾֮ˣȴȻˣǾһгɿհɡ

䡪
㱣ס˴棬Աˡ
Ȼֻһڴϣ˳ƻһҪʧ
ߣߡ̫һһĻ
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Ȼ
֤ڵͷȡ
ۿͷȲ֪δõʱֻͷȻһȥ
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590 ĸ
ͷȷʱ򣬵ۿǵǵġ
˶˭֪澿᲻ѡ
һڰй۲Ĵܣͬŵĵȴš
Ȼ
ʧˣͷȷ󣬵һʾûУƺɱĶǰԵһ
⡭ܲˡ
ѵڹɱᣬⲻܰ
ۿ˿ԼĲ²Ȼˣȷᡣ
ۿ緢˺Ʊش
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磿̫һ

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ǣ˿ϧۿֵ
磬㣿
ܣûޱѳ˵𣿵ϲռǰʱ򣬵Ҳ¹صϲͨ콨ľȫ͸ģǶζͣǻûбһΣͰͨ콨ľɡ
ף̫һһ㶡
ͨ콨ľͥĶȫûôʵڿϧľĴˣǲΪմȾ͸𣬵û˼ı壬˼ı壬ǼҲã˼Ҵء
̫һ˵Цˡ
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ŵ׬òĶʲôģ˵͸Լء
ۿ˵̫꣬һҲ뿪ˡ
³çԸңҲԣõסõñر
Ͱմ˵ģ͸𡣡
ţý˻ᣬָ㣬Ϊ־ƺʼˣ˼ҵָ㣬ܹкôġۿֵ
š
˲ֵܾˡ
ԭ켣Уٵͨ콨ľαģ󻹻̫У̫ô

߽⣬Ϣ˲䴫˺ġ
ǵصĸ
ĸϾͶϣ˲նȥ˺Ͷ
еҵǣۿȲûиϾɱǶ֮ĸװˡ
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ĸˣǡٵġġ
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һ컯ԪĸԽ֣ͬİ·ˣֻǻеϵѡ
ĸһŮۿûҪնɱ
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ȻӶˣĸĻѸģ˵ԼŮ֮ףԸĴԡ
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ǣĸؾûбٻأһֱĸС
˲ԣΪǿĸ
㣬ĸĶģˣ׻ܲԼŮɣ
˾ãĸԼ֮µвߵŮɾˣϵľûҪԼˡ
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ֱ˻ƺĸΪŮ֮ףλҪҲ˹
ص˿̣
壬ȷۿϵģ˴ͬʱ
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ɽ
ǰ̫ʥּٺĶѵ壬üͷ˼顣
磬ǳʥǿ϶ģǿȴǵ谭˵ǲҵȵһο飿ԭʼʵ
üͷ
ƹܺģʥ֮ǣ״Ҳǡ
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ԣǶǿǺܵǵģҲеǵɡ
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κΣ
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ԭʼֵǳȣҾͲˡ
šӵ˵ͷͬܵĻ
𶯵ģܺǵδо޴ǣء
壬һ𶯣ֻʮһڹؼϣͻ׼ʥĹؼϣûκεıʾһΪʮһ׵ͻơ
кܶ壬Ϊ度ˡ



591 컯֤Ԫ
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𡣡
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˺һ컯Ϊ޽ӽԪ޽ɡ
˵̫Ϊܸߣһ̫ƿصĻᳬԪ޽һ㡣
컯ֻлԪɶ壬µһҲֻ޽ӽԪ޽ɶѡ
ǣ㹻ˡ
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ɵĿռ俪ʼҵı仯ʼְȹʱջɨ֮
ֱʱ֤Ѿһ룬ǿٳɹصʶҲ컯Ԫеķ֮顣
֮е컯Ҳʼ仯̫ͬԴĹϵı仯⡣
ʼǲһԱԴͨҲԺΪ
̫ǰı仯Ҳ֮ǰüȵı仯
컯Ĵ֮Ȼ̫ġҡΪǸЧ
ǣ컯ĵңҲʼģһŹʵģı컯ģֻǻģѡ
㣬ʱ˲ţڣһųɵˡ
ʱ컯ֿ̫̫ʶµƿԼΪ塣
һĸоǰһֱ̫컯̫Ȼĸо档

ˡ
سͣʼۣ컯ʼ۷֣ʵʣĲеģ
Ԥʾ컯Ϊֱһ㣬ﵽĵزҲþͻƣľ̫ͨ£ûдﵽ̫Ԫ޽߲㣬ȴҲﵽڵĶ壬Ԫ޽ĵز

۵̫ͼ̹ᦣʹɣʼΪӰһֱʧ
ʱĹˣӶռɣһ޴һ
һֻ鱦ĸоֻеѡ
Ҫ̫
컯¿ʼӻԪɣʼŻԪ޽
⣬ⷽʱյʶʽۣҲǴǰ컯ķ֮顣
صΰҲʼı컯ƿء
̫һ򣬺Ȼ֣ԼҲɵָΰ
뵽ˣ̫ʼ컯硣

Чԣ̫£컯ٵⷽ翪ʼѸٵĹ̡
ǰü͵̫컯ĺʱھȻȹⷽ硣
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ղŻǻԪ޽㣬糹׵ȹ̵һֱ̣Ӵﵽ˻Ԫ޽Ĳĵز
˶е⡣
ʱȹ磬Ϊ˵ǰԤƹû뵽ʵˡ
֮ǰ̫ԤƣԼĹϵ컯üҪʱС硣
û뵽ʵˣһСܿȹˡ
á
컯۾һԪ޽ɵǿµ͵ͬҲЦ
̫ʣǰ˵Ҫ۲żǰоżˣʲôԭ򣿡
컯һЦǹͽ뵽Ůþܳɾʥˣƶе㼱ˡҺã˷ﵽ˾Ų㣬ǽĸƶΪﵽ˻Ԫ޽Ĳ㣬ﵽ㡣ɹˡ
컯һԵɣ̫Ц
̫ͨȴϲʱ̽컯ʲôܲϰߣѡ
Ǻǣ㵹ˡ̫Ц
żУͽԽˣƶҲûˡ
컯Ǹ˵ģǾԵʣʱȴǰ˵㣬֮ǰǳĬ͵
˿̣̫ñˡ
˺󡭡
Сȹˣ컯ҲҪʱСƹС磬̫һ뿪ˡ
̫뿪ģӦ컯Ϊóʱմ󷨡
о͸ˣ컯ɵһ˳һС硣
̫ӦúײóʹĴӦˡ
㡣
̫صĵʱϺһһǾȻԼͨ콨ľ
̫һݣǰ
һȴǿ׼ͽΪȡ۶


592 ֵܡơ̫
̫˶ʺ͵ۿ׼ͽ˵
̫⣬һõۿˡʡޱ˽̫硣
˽̫ʱ򣬾ˡ԰𺳳ǵ
ޱ֪һЩ֪Ĳ࣬Ҳʦ˵һζѡ
ʡۿȷʵ׵ĵ߸
ָоﲻӦǵ
ѵνĻԪ޽ɣ𾪵뵽

Ȳμ𡣡
룺ǵĵԼͥҪĶ࣬Ũ֣һֲͬķ֡
ɣǵⱾ⣬̫
ۿ΢Цģһֱ壬ҵȴΪ
˵һѣ̫֮ǵǺҵӡ
̸һᣬۿʣʵ¿עǷɸı䣿
Ǵǰ뷨׵һе޴ѹ
̫
ۿĻ뵽˴ǰԼ
ԼҲʹ̹ţ̹ŶĻشȻġ
̫֪ܵ˵ĪģĻݵģֻʵݣΪߵʱֽᷢȻͬÿȻͬ˵һֱûעעֻһ۹ѡ
̫ڸߵۿеעֻʱΪµעѡ
ܵ˵޷Ԥ֪ģֻҪԼŬǾܸı˿̵Ĺ켣
ۿ˿
ʵҲ𣿡
Ǻǣôܣǰ
˵ǣ
Ϊ硢۹⡢ǻۡ
ۿ˼һˡ
˵ĸĪ⣬ģޱ׵Ĳ࣬ۿȴջܴ
ѯ̫һΪԼһ϶ֻҪõ϶˼ˣҲԥˡ
˺뿪ˡ
뿪Ϻʼ벻׵Ķ̫һ̲סˡ
磬͵ĶԻʲô˼
ۿ΢΢ЦûʲôֻʵǷܶעģ޷ıġ
ǣǵô˵ģ
ۿû϶Ĵ𰸣ȴһȿ϶˸˵Ĵ𰸡
̫һԺˣʲôȿ϶Ҫá
˼ǣνעֻ۽粻ѣֻҪ۽ΪǿԻֲᷢͬ·Ľˣνעֻǿ͸ѣ˵ûע£ֻҪ˴һеûʲôǿӸ㡣
ʲôϵ̫һ
ܣôûϵûǾһ𣿲ǵǵ棬Ʈˣ֮ˣΪӵǣҪӣ˵ǲŬ֣ܳΪ𣿡
⻰˵̫꣬һˣ磬˵𡢵ǰǵʹã
е𺳣˵е־壬ԼڶʣȻԼ˵ʵӣܲ¡
ˣ͵ûаǵӣ˵ûǸʸ˵˵µܿܿʵӡԵĿʲôǳ˵ûѵβӣ
̫һһЦ磬˵һΪ˵͵أɰѵܵˡ
̫һȻˣΪ̫ǡ
ԭӡ
ӡϣ̫ȳѵģĺܿܿӶѡ
ԣΪ棬ѣ
󣬸ղŵۿĻˡ
ʵԼǷעˣ
ûп϶Ļش𣬶˵ŬͲעǲŬܻע
ȷõĴ𰸣ΪһֱŬ
µǣôŬҲı䲻ˡ
⣬̫һ³çϲ˼ԵʣиǶıĸ磬սһֱеۿƿء
̫һɵһܾһĸ
ʶ׺磬ǴʱĳɾŬģ˶ģ
ۿ˼һ߶УҲǳΪҪӵԵʡ
ϸ˵ܿܿӣΪǵĳɾôҸоǵŬ˽϶ģ˵˴ǣһҲҪӣôڵģÿÿڵӣ֮ÿÿ·ϱģҲҪӡ
ۿ˵꣬̾Ҫʱ̽Ҫ͵ʱ̴ùϵܲ˼ңΪΪ־ã鶼жĻ˼ҵĶǣ
̫һˡ
湻ԵģѵΪˡ
ƺǣ˼Ұ˭ͱʾ˭Ҫˡ
⻹˵ͨ
ȷҪ˼ңԼɲá
磬ǳ׵㣬õǵ⣬Ҳϵе㡣
ʲô˼
򵥣㿴ǵʳν˼Ҵģ˵ʵкܶ౨ֶεģǴ˼ҵĵҲĵʱ̾ݵˣҪŬԪŮܳΪĵӣΪβɣ˵ʥ˵ĻԵֻʱûβӴ˿̿ʼŬõΪͽһ˵
ף֮Ϊֻû뵽ۿȻʣƺǰȷˡ
ãټڸ߲㣬Ҳĵ񣬰˼ҶΪߴڡ
ۿ˲ˣ־ܲ˵һʣԼӦɵ
ֵ̫ˣ
Ϊ˵ܴˣЩȫԷֱ˵ˣҪҪԼ˻˵ء
Ҫ˸ã˵ܺ͵ζЦѡ



593 ͷ׼
ڵۿͶ̫һıʱ
һСȴĽ׼ȴܡ
ңǽޱȵƣƻܷƢ͸ˡ
ڣ
ľּ̫ˡ
λɴʦҪĹˮľҲûֱʵ
ˡ׼Ҳʵ
ȻϺʹ̼ĵطĵط׼ˡ
˱ּ̫ˣ״úֻܵͷˡ
ãɡľ
׼һ㶣ľѣۣ
ȿǴĹƶ̫ǣҪȿλѴĲûˣƶûʦ𽻴
ȿȡ׼һ죬ȴס
ʦܣóɡ׼
ãðɡҧҧ׼ó˹ˮ֦
۵ĺܣصĹˮǿٵĻֱۣҪ
˵ԼͱˣԻԼıһָ֦Ҫʱ䡣
һɷһħ̫֮Ҳľ̫עأʱ׼оԼеħͷ
ΪģԼһҪȴʱܳԶı裬һҪ
ˮ֦ľ鿴һ£˵ҵһᣬȥʦ𡣡
˵꣬׼Ŀɿڴˡ
ҺýҪҪ̲סҪʣҵľأҵľأ
ʦ֣⣬⣿׼ܵģ̫̰Ķˡ
ʦ԰꣬ƭ˲ɣ˵Ļƭǻģ԰ꡣ
׼ֵ̰۲Ϻ̫ҲԼˣ̫ԼԼˡ
˺󡭡
ĵȴ׼ἱȹϵϡ
̫磬̫õˮ󣬸̾˵컯⹦ز֪Ǻε棬Ȼպĵˣ۳ɹˮ
ֲεһ
׼ῴƶ
⹦أĻԵΪߵã׼ʥ֮µ飬̫ˡ
ѵΪ̹ѹħ񣬶Ĵ˹أ棬򲻻ڴ˵׼ͽȴ֮ˣҲħ޶޹ʵıӡڴˡ
̫ùز򵥣ֻԼݲ͸
Ҫȥ˳Ǽһｻһ¿Ҳ֪һʲô뷨ǽģü½ѹ˳ޣֻңڣ

̫ľҲҴߡ
ˣ׼ֵֻżĵȴš
ڡ
̫о󣬽ľ
ľŴ˷ӡѾ۸׼ӡ׼Ҫܵͷȥ״ֱΪѹһԪ˵
ǡľӹӡף׼Ҫùˡ
úõˣȥ״Ǹ״ʦôģ
Һ׼˴ҲغĺĴƣʦûдɱֻǺͷһ¡
׼Ἰʦ𡰼סһˡ
ʦ׼ãҼβʦβɱ߳׷ӡľľګʡ
ľګڲ̫ģɲġ
һﻹãѵиģҲãҲû¿Գͷһ£Ҳĥľ硣̫
ľ󣬿ʼΪ׼ᱯˡ
һﵹùˣʦסˣʦ𵱳ˡĹû¾ͳͷһ£˳Լˡ
׼ôôù
ľ糹׵ķû¾ץͷܰ
⣬ҲСˣҪֻ޳ܺͲҪƤ㻹Ҫĳ̫˵
ʦ˼ǣ
ܼ򵥣ΪĿĲֶΣĵһֳ֣м˿㳹ף
ֵֻ̫׼ȴҡֻ˹ûŵе㼫ˣдͻƣҪأƽſɡ
ʦ˵ħָħѵûһ㣿
̫ҡҡͷģĴħ񲻻ῴ
ѵľܲ
޽⣬ħ˵ʦʦô̵أⲻǺ˵
Ҳ֪ܲ²֮ǿ׼ıԴǲʶħֻ߼˵Ĳأ׼еɾͣҪأ׼ıԴ֧Ųгɾ͡
ȻҲǹ˵ʲôƻ
̫Ҳһʱ俴ס
뵽úԼһ̽ʱˡ
ˣȥɣˣҲ׼ܵ
ǣʦ𡣡ľ뿪ˡ



594 ֱѹ
ȴĽ׼ᣬڵľ
ѣ˸æѯʡ
ĪҪżѲɻʦƭǲɣľ任ɫ
ǰнûֳĮ
βһˣȻỹҪѹ׼ᣬҪĮһ㣬Ҫó֡
ңңӦ飬ض׼ȷɵġЦ
ǵȻǰɡľó˾ۣһֽ׼ᡣ
׼ӹһ˲侪ϲˣֻصԼˣ治װʦǰָ״ȵȣڻصԼˡ
뵽ĹˮԼһر壬׼ܣ뵽裬ĸʤˡ
ǣ˿̲Ƿźݻʱ򣬲ż
ȻллľѣȻҵֵܾ뿪ˡ

ɻķˡ

ľȻ˵
˺ɻ󣬡ľѣ𣿡
ߡľѯʣߵ׼󵨣Ϊȥ״ʦõ
⣿ĵá
ѣᣬʵģȥ͵桭
Ҫ˵ˣڮʦ㵱ܵͷֻľһ֣ȥ
ã
ʦܣ
ֵܣľӳһʱ򣬸о˲ǵֵͷһôûС
ֻһ޴Ľ⣬˺ƿռ䣬Ƶϣ˲ɵ۵׼סˡ
׼һҵĺеȻ
κûκεĸı䡣
ǽ׼ʧˣƺռ٣ʧһ
һСĿռУס׼ᣬ׼ĵֿȻ
š
һɫħͻɫɷиѵʱ֮ʼϮ׼Ԫꡣ
ҵĽĲԶҲȥ
ʱһ
׼ᣬΪһ֮˽ƺģΪһ֮˽ƾ֮͵컻ΪЦǣ״汾ѹͷһԪᡣ

׼ᣬоԼܣϴεĳͷҪܣεĳͷƺס
üĥԼֶΣ̫ܣµǣԼԪеĵһʬʬᣬȻһĸסˡ
Ҳ˵׼ıͷȫͷˡ
㲻˵ӣ춨δʥˣ㲻
׼ҵĽκûü
˵ѹһԪһԪᣬһ춼ɡ

棿
ĲܽܣԼʦֱѹͷˣô
κǵô죿Լܲսɣ
ߵĽվһ䣺ƶιʵǿҵֵܲ˳ۣιƵƵ⵽ѹ
Ǽʵģе㵣ǡ
ľȴЦˣߣƵƵѹôԹΪʦû۸ˣǰϺ׼˸ƵƵƺģߵǰ˽ѵһٻ֪ڣҴ󵨵ĸ״ǣ
ľҲŻ˵ʦ
⣿۽ŭѹסһ뻹ˣƺԼġ
ȴڣûɱԼ˵ȷʴˡ
ǣ벻ͨΪƵƵڵڱĵطôͺ˳أ
ͬΪԼʦܵΪǶԵģֻûԵˡ
ǡľˡ
½һܡ
ʦܱѹĶ֪Լô죿
Ȼȥǰ˵һɣֻǿҿʦܡ
˺󡭡
뿪ˡ
ص̫ľ˵̫
̫Ҳû⣬ˡ
̫˾ߣ֦ںͨ콨ľϿǬ
̫һֱϲֵõȻҪоһ¡
У̫ͨ콨ľպܶഫ˵ͼ䣬ͨ콨ľʵһĴڡ
ں磬Էӳͨ콨ľһС磬ԻһСо޴ƶá
ͨ콨ľеƿռݵһСһ硣
СӺģܴͥһ
մӦ컯оʱմʹ󣬲ͳˣǺ˵
ͨ콨ľƿռݵܸƵʱմ󡣡
̫ͨ콨ľˡ
ң⻹ͨ콨ľ֮һͨ콨ľи棬֧һ硣
Ϊһṩϸ˵ɵӻģʴԳһأŨ
ͨ콨ľҲˣӻ磬ת
ңͨ콨ľ鱦ľģȻ̫ɱȡѣܿóͨ콨ľ
úһ£ͨ콨ľ̫󣬿Ϊ̫׳ṩ̫ơ
̫˼ܰͨ콨ľֻܶ꣬˺ڱС硣ͨĸƿС磬ͺСеơ
һ̫֮磬˵ᳬԤƵ׳󡣡



595 ڵ
̫ƻܲܰͨ콨ľֳ࣬ڱС磬ͨĸС硣
ϵʥ˼޾С翪ʼʽݻˡ
ãֻҪһڣҲʮںڣ޾Сܽ뷱ʱڡ
С޷ͺıȽϣԲ󣬾ĵ޾СʽݻĿʼ
ҲƿڶСĿʼ
̫޾СڴܾˣҪһݻʱˡ
˺󡭡
̫֦ѾǬ֦Ѿȫ˾ߣⷽᳵ·ɵˡ
úľ㱨˵̫ңĺܶ飬Ѿʼʯǵĵˡ
̫û
̫绹ңϸ˵»¡
鿪֦ɢҶȥģҲԼµĿ֦ɢҶ
̫ûпԣԵĻûʲôˡ
˵̫ԵĻڻĹʱͳġ
̫û˵û壬ϲĵĲ֣־Ͳ֣־Ϳǡ
Ե£̫Ϊìܣ
ǰìܵģʱì̫ܶԭ
ֻ̫ǵϣ׳Ѻỵ́ԼΪ͸ǿ
˽ķ׺ػ̫ҿ϶ûЩ׺ػҲд˿̵Լ
ԼĽǺĵĽͺɵĲֻˣԼ
½Сݻˣ̫ҲƫԺĵӣСǸԼ׳һֶΣδ·
ʱ䣬̫һ
ʥ˳Ҫһʱ䣬ʱоһʱմɣ˳̫ʱȥעˡ
̫뵽
ǵʹˣ֮Ҫһʱ䣬ʱҲûע顣
ȥħǣҪ飬һҲ
ţ컯Ԫڶʱ򣬹עһ¾Уʱע
̫ԽĺĺϤ޷ǾЩ飬ȻӦ˺տģ̫ͲʳԣʱҲûҪ飬ȥˡ

̫ûҪ飬ȴܶڷ
塣
صĵۿͶʣټĸ߲㡣
߲ɻ󣬸ﵽ˶⣬ѵʱҪжˡ
ʱټҵȺιʣĪǹ򱱺ɣ˵ʱҪһ𣿡ʵ
Ҳɻ󣬲ʱҪҲ֪б飬ʱܣ˵Ƿͷʢ˿̲õʱҪһʢˣúĴܲġ
ʱкǡ
֪ȵȲˡ
š
ѹס˺档
һᣬĸ߲ȫˡ
ۿλϡ
λ֪ǰǹõһͨ콨ľ
˵ͷ
Ȱͨ콨ľ׸˵𣬵ǵΪ˶ָ˼䡣ۿ
⻰˵꣬˺ܸˣָѵð
Ӧ֪ϵƹܺĵģǵֻǵϲѣϲ
˵˵ͷ
˵𣬵ָ˷򣬴֮٣ҪŬˡ
ۿų죬̫Ųָ㡣
ۿ޷Ŷѡ
Ȼۿ˵߲˷ܡ
ϸ˵˿̵壬Ĺš̫šԶŵĺܶ飬ѱģսսصġ
ĴڣǷ;ηȻܣ˲һѡ
ǣӻĹſʼ̫ͿʼһϵеĻԻͣΪһҡ
һҪη
ѱĴڣ̫壬ǰˡ
ʵ
̫ͺǼ򵥵Ϊߣ֮Ժº;ηҲϡ
һ֣˽ڵ
𾴴һ
̫ͺںܶ˵ĴڣһֵһĴڡ
Ǻǵԭ򣬲Ǽ򵥵Ϊ
̫ȺģβģЦ˵ʱû˵Ƿ̫ġ
ĹĹһЩͨ컯Ԫ趨ѪеıԴŴŴ̫ڻĹš̫ʱĶ͡
ȵȡ
ЩǾηҾ̫ԭ
ʣ˷ףػģнľҲ̫Ĵ˭𾴡
ν𡢵棿
֮Ѱ֮棬ͽУ𡢵档
ʴˣסԼûѪԣǾɡ
˵ǿΧ̫ͺĴڡ
ͷһŭ̫ͷһ췣
ó˵ĳѡ
˴ǰ֣̫ŭԭ
Һԣ̫嶨󣬽
ûֵ꣬ùˡ
ܼ򵥵һӣóе䡣
Ҳǵۿ죬˷ܵԵʡ



596 ĻȻ
ʾ࣬岻ûбʾ崣񣬽幩𡣡
ۿ⻰˵꣬˺Ȼѻȸ
˲ˣ벻ͨе𾪡
ڵĴϸ˵˺ĵһֵʾõֻ֮Ҫеӻ͵Ⱥǿģĳƺϸ˵ǵ£ҲǴǰ干Ļʡ
ۿռһ£˳˵˸ֺô
ܺ͵ǺǣǱäĿţǽڵʱ̡ǺȻ幩򵥣͵ѣҲҪִУߵĴڣ嶼Ҫʥ
һĬ
𣺡Ӣ
ȵģ̫ҹʥݣ
ԣ˲˸Ӧ
Ķ𾪣Ϊǵľ
һʱķ׷š
壬ƾݵܵõһǿһ½ʥ˳Ҳֵ̫Ĵѹˡ
ǰۿǸѲĶ֣Ƴ𣬵ǿƿˣ𲻻ĳΪƿߣƿʼǵۿǣܽƻ
Ϊʥ˳׼һߵ̫ˡ

һʱΪúܶеĽ
ܵ壬һı˺ܶˣǵԸ
֪Ϊѡ
ֻ֪̹š
ֻأǳݼܡ
һˡ
Уȥˣ̫࣬˵䲻Ļ徴ݵȫԵġ
뵽ˣԼҪжˣ

ɽ塣
֪Ϣһ𾪡
ҪݷһµˡӺȻ˵
ȷڶε컯ԪúҪʼˣαضι˵ܳʥҪĥǲˣҲ˵һƴһΣӦðݷһµ𡣡ԭʼ
ǰʦ˵Ҫ𾴵ԴһҲиչǣǵȷҪݷһ£˵ǰǵĶͨ͡Ҳ
ֻǡ
Ǻݷأʡ
ŵϲ滨ݣ
ûа
ףǸָܵԴնϺ͸⻹ǵһΡȻԭʼ˵
˶һۣɽһϿȶȥ
ƿ󷨵ʱе̾˵棬ѵע
ŽܲһİѰŽȣȻƷ
ָܵƿ󷨺󣬷Ž
ԭ켣УŽϵİȣӵõԭʼͨһһѡ
ֵܴ㲻ժˣΪݷ̫ҵˡ
ֻļƷ鱦ŽȣǺ۲
ҺãںǸԣֱϣֵջŽǺķĸȡ
ŽĸȣֱǣŽȡˮŽȡŽȡŽȡ
ÿһƷ鱦ĲΡ
ԭ켣Уֵժȡ󣬰ŽҲʧˣΣֱŲƵ籦ڡ
Žȥݷ̫ˡ
̫磬̫չظ򲻾ãȻеӣǣԼԪ
̫һݺ֪ԭ崣Լĵ񣬻峯ʥ
嵹Ǻ㣬ҪԼŬǲָġ̫뵽
ѾĲȫ趨ˣֻҪ岻ӣ
󣬻ʧ˳ᱣ߰˳ɵʵ
̫뿴ľ档
һ壬ҲӦ˳ˡ
̫ͺƺõġ
ν֮ҲǱȻľ档
ʮԲٵɣɵȸˡ
̹ŵĸˣ˺鶼Դ
̹һߣƽ⣬Ҫһһ
ңǺݻıȻòһ
һε˵ģȻԴˣǵĻ˺ܶࡣ
̫ת󣬱ԭ켣ұҪǿܶࡣ
룬ȻԴСĻȴܺá
Ӧ˺ȻСٶȿԭֻҪļᶨģеС˵ģвľ档
ңԶҲܸӣһЩ־̫ûҪá
ڻ̹󱬷أ
һﵽʢʱ
ף
̫һɻ

ţҪָ𣿡̫뵽
õʼ޷ţǿʼżˣ˵Ǵеƴֵܵˡ
̫¶ˡ
ֵܣȷƴ󣬶Ϊָƹߣȴۿ׳û취Ӷˡ



597 ݷ̫
μ𡣡
ֵһһ̫磬ʱ̫ˡ
Եȷģֵ̫˾Ȼ˶
˵ջܴ󣬵⿴ó˵ĸ
˶̫ǵл
Ϊ̫֪ʵʵ
˵̫ܸˣƺ֪̫ϲռʱ䣬дݼ̫ġ
̫ܸˣǶԼǷˡ
ֵΪллǰ˵Ķͣʦּ⣬ǰݷһ¡˵
̫˵ͷ
ֵȽҷһ׸𡣡
˵꣬ӰŽ˳
̫Ѿ֪Ҳûǫ飬ͦϲģ¾ˡ
ν޹»Ȼȵָȼ䣬ȿΪ˳ʥ
ǡҲԥֱӳˡ
̫ʵ֪ʦΪ֪ǳʥĻԵȴ𣿡
⣿һ㶣֪
֮ԲǣǻԵδȻܶ򣬹ʶǰǶǲûкôẦǣҲѣǻ֪𣿡
˲ˡ
ԭǻԵûԵȻܳɣԵǿ󲻽ûãл
̫˵꣬˷ˣԼˡޱǵȷԵδ
֪ȵĵԵɣ޷ǿǿᣬ˵ˡһ赣ǣҲĪҪʦ˵ǰ㣬ƿغģǲܵģҲʦ߱ҲˣҶΪһûȥƿغģ֪ԭ𣿡
һ㶣ջ
ѯʳʥģû뵽ʴȣȻ˵ʥҪעĵط
ָ̡
̫˵йɣûעĽ֣κ鶼иıǴΪµһһ߾Ƕ䣬һ߾ǧƿһУֻһգνɻʥˣֻ·ϵһǿԵģʦҲ·ϵߣǽʥˣʴˣرľͿɣйء
̫йؿʼйɽе
̫˼ˣ˵Ǻ˵Ҫƿغģ˵ڶǽ˵Լ̫Ҫ
˵ʦĻ̫棬Ǿʹˣӡ
̫㵽ֹٿԼ

֮һ̫ãԼѣصµĴԼĻı䡣
ֻϣԭʼͨ죬Ҫһʧܾͺá
һӱѣһԶѹʲôʥˣֱǱ硣
Ƚ̡ܽ˳Ͽҵ˵
š̫˵ͷ
˴£ԭʼʼѯ𣬵ڶ컯Ԫˡ
컯Ԫڶʼãοһʢ£֪Ҫģ
ûУƾԵС飬ᣬֻҪչذ¾Ϳɡ
ǣˡ
̫һβִ٣Ӧ֪컯Ԫİ˰ɣ
ҵ֪ʴȣ󱻲Ȼ֪컯Ԫǿ档
֪ǾŬһ˵гʥ֮ĺ;ȻҪֻһնʬˣλһλԵԪԼ˭ãҲڴ
˵һʤˣضõʧӼ
̫һֱð⻹ǵһ˵Ȼܼ
ʵ̫һˣ˳ʩչһʱ̽һ
˼Լ뷨
Σ̫ʩչһʱϸĿ
ҲֵָܱԴԼľ
̫ܺ档
ţŬɡ̫˵һ䣬˵겻˵ˡ
ͿͣȻֻðݱ뿪ˡ
ջܴǺġ
ߺ̫΢΢һЦֽϵվǳǰԺܶĴǱƫġ
ƫеǺãеǻ
Ӵˣֻ֪Ƿ֮ԣûҪԼ̽
ǰ;ãԭʼᣬԭʼˡᡱԵɺ̫ôˡ
ǰһֱӣȴô
ǰһֱýأ
Ҳ˽ѣ֪׼ΪãԼȥ׼ȥ˵ĵԵʡ
δľ棬Ҫ;ǽ׼ᡣ
̫ͷ׼ᣬ˵Լֳͷıһ׼أ
Ȼ֪׼˿̰͸ˡ
̫һֱѵ۹⿴ĵ飬֮ĶĲˣԼҲռƵĳɳˡ
ʶΪҲͳ˱仯
һһĴܣ̫ũһȥȥۿǵĳɳ
ı仯ҲΪߺı롣
֮׽ܿܿǡɾֻ֮顣
ֺ̫ͨ͸ҲԲԼ·οǣĵݱ䡣
ĵݱ䣬ͺı仯ʵݵ顣
̫⣬ʱơ
ⲻ֪ĵһȥģĵ
ֺģ飬ķܣ˵ı仯ĵǡǡӵġ
ϵĺĽĵ֪


598 ĥ
ת˲һԪʱ䡣
Ϻһռ䣬Ȼ١
һֻһͷɢǱӰˡ
ɫȥľƺһ
Ǳų׼ᡣ
׼۹ɨϺ뿪ˣʲôȴ޴֪
Ѫ
ǿ£Ҳʼ̫ˡ
һʱ𶯣˲Ŀ
̫̫Ȼоһǿ˼Ϊ˵ļӳˡ
κĳݣڴ˿̵ʱǣ˵ǿ֪
̫Ȼ幩ݺΪֱͻ˻Ԫ޽㣬ﵽ˻Ԫ޽ĵز
磬ǰʯȳʦԲﵽ߲Ķ塣
˵£̫ľһͻˣﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɰ˲ĵز
̫һ㱣Ҫ˼ӳˡ
˻кܴõģ̫ı˶
̫ее졣
Ҳˮɡ
̫뵽ʼȹΪ;

帲󣬺ûдսСΪ˻ԵΪ鱦ʱ޿̲ս
Ƕ鱦ᣬʱѾеȻˣڶ֪նʬ֮ĴܣʼΪǣ˺ĵѪȷ硣

Žһʱ䣬Ȼ߲伣ˡ
ԭ컯ԪĵڶοҪˡ
Ȳ˵ΪȡõΡ
һĴܣȡΡ
컯ԪɲΪδģĿ͵ġ
βܵߵ컯ԪЧ
˵һεǰ֪֮ĥ͵ĵĺô
ϵǻܵõָĵطֻ컯Ԫˡ
֪컯ԪĿڵĽ
ǽƽԭ򣬶Ϊ׼
컯ԪٸԪῪһΣÿʱԪᣬÿֻˡ
޾˵һξ޴Ļ
󵽺
˭뾳͵ȹ̣ο˵
Ϊǿʼչˣȡ˵Уһ
Ȼ
ں컯Ԫƽʱ򣬺ĵĺܶطȴƽ
ɽ
ѲסҵģټٸԪᣬӶ߳ĵ󷨣ǰҲʧġ
Ǵǰʯĵˡ
ʯĿ飬һֱĥģͨʯõ󷨡
ӣ´ɣԭͽλԵɺʯ˵Ĺ켣ֱ仯ˡ
ԭ켣УʦԪʼȴãһֱڲ̿п޵Ĵڣʮжûĵλ
Ӵ˸Ųͺһ˸֮ƻΡ
Σ׼ʯܳʱĥͿ飬߳ˡ
ֻҪ߳󷨣ʯµһ̣Ϊ˵ȴܾˡ

Ϻһڸǵɵֻ죬󷨳ٲһòʣְֳĵ˸ովεĽѡ
ڳɹˡһп
ǽĴȺˣҲٺĹ˿ֻǸոջΣҪȹ̡


һɵһƣһڻεıԵ
һƣһŮеǴ磬һ絮ǣŮãƵǣǽؽ£Թˡ
λãȻΣĪҪż绯γɹΪλûԹ˵
鷳ˡ˵
Ǻǣе֪Ī⣬֦ͬȻҪ໥֡Թ
ⲻ֪
˵ĻΣøɽ컯Ԫ֮ص޺ѷˡ
㣬Ե
ãǻȥɽɣĸСһﻯҪһʱ䣬ȹҲҪһʱ䣬ǻʱ˶γɹ˵١˵
ǣ㣬Ҫǻʧأʡ
Ǿ˵ϸȵ̲Ϊҵ£йɣȹֻ֮򵥵Ŀ飬ĸСһⶼȲǲԵ޵
ˡ
һԭʦԵʣͽѹܴ󣬲ĳͣǲܿǡ
˵ǣǻĸСһɹˣǿԿһ£ǲҲû취ˣֻܹǸԴ񡣡
ţ߰ɣ컯ԪĿҪŬˣʦǵ˼ӳѾʧˣҪԼȡˣֻҪõõ˺ΣһģһǾˡ޵
ţŬ

ⶫ̫ô󣬵˵͹²ء
Ǵǰ̫ӳ֣˴£ҵʺԼĵɽ
ּӳֲһɲģʦʱŻʧ
ҪˣֻԼȥŬˣصǰ̫ʱǲˡ
ѡô͵ĽҪȥ컯ԪĥԵʡ
ҪˣҲҪ


599 ̫
ãȺˡ
ںܶطһЩĴǣʼ׷׼ˣеĸǻγɹˡ
컯Ԫǰ
ԽԽĴܸ˵Ѿһڴĵط
쿴λˣ֮ǰ׼ǰʮ˸ǰ壬ǿĴڡ
ǿ׼ôɫÿأƺһˡ
ףǣ֮ǰһֱƤЦģ˵Ϊ˲ݣ಻ġ
š
ǲ֪׼ᾭʲôȻ׼ɫ仯ԭ
λҲӵгʥ֮Ĵڣ춨ʥˣȻ
䲻ãͬζǵۣһֻĽĽ˵ǿ
ˣΪ׼ɫÿ˵ˡ
һᡭ
ǾǶɵλ𣿹ȻҲˣ˴컯Ԫᣬضһδ棬޾º󶼱ἰ
ǰλˣ˵ԪӡŮ洼λǰҲµĵҲټ塢ȴڣβһΡ
ţȻֻǿ֣ʢܼǴˡ

һʱ׷ţʱƣĶˡ
Ůˣλʦ㣬ǽ̸һ𣬿ˣĽá
ʯԪӵҲˡ
һΣ̫£ľ⣬ĳǰ
һʱ˸е𺳡
£Ϊ͵Ķ׼ʥοŮ洺Ԫ춨ʥˡ
Ҳ֪ˣ̫¶Գƣˡ

Ȼǵ£ǿ⼸λǰҪǿҿ²ԣû£̫ǿˡ
ǰڵĴڣĵӣ򵥡
̫µļϣ˺顣

λʦʦ㣬ʦʦãʱ䣬Ҫȥͣ˵ţװʱȥǡ
λͬȥ͡
Ȼνף֮ǰħץǴΣǴεȷס
֮󣬳ǻûȥ
ʦ֣ʲôףŮ洺ʡ
⻰ʵǺΡ
Һʯһһۣ䶪ˣ˵˳ǴΣǱ޵ħץˡҪЮʦʦɱħʣǡ˵Ʒ⣬ⲻ֪޾θʦһα޲T
ʯĿþúþˡ
ԪһЦⲻˣλʦʦҪ֪޻߻ħʣǺʦͬĴڣʦܵĽλʦʦ㣬ǲᱲ֮ƴʱ㿴Сܽռĩβһδ񣬿Ʒȴ֪Զ
ԪҲΡ
ƺܷ⣬Լ̫Զˣ޲ڻĹš̫Ǹʱڴ˿̣˺ܶ׳־
ǰǸɵʱʱʦĵ˶ܶ࣬ʦԵĸǲ٣еƣʦĵҪôʧҪôҪôʦ˦ԶԶģǺǡ
鶼о档
ʦ𣬽ڵ
ǰɲǰܶʦ޻ʦأ
ڣ仯̫ˡ

ż˵Ľ̸ĸĶˡ
չغܾõϣиֻҪﵽԼĿ꣬Ľǰܶ࣬ʱļƻʵˡ
ѪڤӣǰҪõ˻Σ̫ƳûõûΡ
һֱƳٵ˲ǰǰõڻˡ
Ϊõ˻ɺڤڸϵɽʱûǣԼǱѪĸϳȥġ
ΪնԼĵ̣ʱŬ
٣һԪӵĹϵսˣºƲ̫ҳ±˴ע⡣
ˣֻӣע̫ˡ
ƸڤӺͿʼĿ⿴ƺڿʲô
ĸˣ󣬵һ¶棬컯Ԫĺôܾˣˡ
е㾪
ĸƺһĺ͹ˡ
ѲɣĸҲɱˣԿʼҿɽˣ壿뵽
ҲǣĸأǺͬɽĸȷ˲²

ۺ
˴ӵһͥʼͶԱ˴˺˳ۡ
Ȼ׷ŶҵĺģλҲҪˡ
˽ͱһ̬ȡ
Ҳˣͷȴˡ
˻
壬ʮλ׼ʥ˿͸һ࣬ɵˡ
ǵ͵Ǻ壿ƶˣȻ˼ͬʱ뵽
Ϊǰƴһȴûж
ǻΪˡ
ʮףʮ׼ʥִĸо

͵̣ڵε࣬ɶ񡣡̫һݺݵ˵
ǰ֮٣о˴컯ԪĥǺսҪʼˡۿ˵
ǿ˶ڣֶҲֻ࣬˵˵
ˣʱ˵ЩˣȰ¡ۿԭʼˣ˵֡
ֻ
ԭʼһĽ̬
λܵУ컯ԪĿ˵ڶΣش֪ҾͲ˵ˣ󣬵ڶʽʼ˺ƾֶΡ
˵ԭʼҲϻһ䣬Χ󷨿ˡ
ֱʱ˲ŷ׷ջ˼
Ȳ˵ڶεĥεּҪˡ

µĪҪ̫аտɴ󣬿ʼɡ
䣡
ԭʼ˵꣬˿컯Ԫ
ȳģ̫£ǽصĶһۣߣ
Ҳȥˡ
˺󡭡
ﵽ̫ҵʿȫˡ
̫õ󷨣ǿǿڴ˵أˣֻҪˣˡ
ÿ˶ǵĴ
սʯԪӵȣһֿˡ
컯Ԫĺǵһδ
ȻǷֱ仯֮ܶ࣬ǰ̫磬󷨾û顱
̫磬ʧ˿ﲻУʧ˾ͻᱻͳȥû˿⡣
Ҳһˣ뵽ʦƹΪ˿׼ġ
ˣҲҴˣΧ˵ܼ򵥣ȴûžȹѸٴ
Ǹеı仯֮ǰҲб޻
̽
˿ûͣʱ䣬һģųɾŵ̭ˡ
̭ˣȴûлɥһ˷ܡ
Ȼ紫Ե˵ƶʧˣջһܴ󣬲һοɿƵġ߻ħһԵĺ;ĺôǾ޴ֻźٸԪܾһΡ̭ʿ뵽
ڴ͵ģȡΪ˵ļ֤ĥԼ
Ա̭Ҳûʧ˷ܵϥջ
ģ̫Ҳ֮ϵĶˣ֪ж١
ųɾ̭ʣ໹ڴģҲڡ
βͬڵһΡ
һµĲǧˡ
˵ܴ롣
ҪᣬҪʱĴȱˣΪ
ʶ˴εĥһЩᡣ
£˵ڼ˺İ˳ɵˣ컯Ԫ˲׳˺ܶࡣ
֮澰಻ѡ
ˣ컯Ԫ˵Ĺ˭Ҫǵõ˴鱦ֱš
뵽ҿǵ鱦컯Ԫ˭УǾ޴鷳ں
̫ĿĴﵽˣڶεĥ̫ƴˣ컯Ԫõĺôݡ
ι󣬽컯ԪΪƷ鱦ε
ǣʢӦòˡ
ǵڶΣʥδʥʱδսʱ
׼ʥߣ޲繷ʱεĥֵϽİٴҲΪ
֮Ϳ¡
Һ鱦̫컯Ƶģһ鱦ܳܲסˡ
Σˡ
컯Ԫе𶯵ĸо
ڴ鶼һôˣ
ʱ
ˣ
ӣ
һȻһ̴̻Ӵڤڤж˸춯أ
ԭ̫ҲûԤϵۣ鴳󷨣ᵼ˴ˡ
ʹô˿ֻǶ鱦컯ԪҪѹסˡ
컯Ԫ棬мޣղѾԽˡ
𵴡
ڹעֲ̫˲Ӵǿѹ˾ˣΪ컯Ԫѹ
ȼ£úô󣬱ڴ
¡¡
Ƶ̫ԣ˲䣬ǴĻǱ̭Ķˡ
ԭǵˣǾ޷ˣҵ˵ڴҶҪúñ֣˵õסƶܶ໹ڴ˷ˡ
עǺεȻԵ
ԣǸǼģʼصȡ󷨣ء
ӣѹס۵ˣ컯ԪŻָԭ״̬
лѹЦ˵ȫ
죬ǴεĹ£Ѿļˡ
̫Ū׻ӵı仯ֻǸоƺһһɱ
ֻҪﵽҪ󣬿ܣֻ˵ܣ
ܻӻΪ鱦εĴڡ
Ȼ̫ڲ˼飬̫ҿ϶ǿҲֻ˵ܻﵽ
ڵܲܣ̫ûаյġ


600 ˣ
̫Ĺע˺󲻵䣬ѾΧĿˡ
͵һʱ䵽˱Ƴһζ̶ʱ䣬һ˵Ѿˡ
Ȼ̭ˣϵİ
ôϴϵǴ󷨵ģξȻ̭ˣ

ܶ˲ĵԹ
еǵһδеĴǰɹˣξȻ̭ˡ
кܶпԡ
С˺ĸְȻôࡣ
̾ϢΧĥϵûãο˷һλᰡ

˭뵽һһԪʱ俼飬ղŲǧ
Σ̶ʱڣȻԱˡ

ڣ
̭Ĳһ󷨵ĴףǸտʼĿǹؼġ
뵽ε߲ǹؼϵǰдջӦͨĥʹþﵽ׼ʥڵĵزʶ߲㽫ǹؼ
ӵľ͵һֱܲ
̫һζֻһͻ׼ʥڣҲնʬľ硣
̫˵ĻԵڴ˴δг֣Ҳġ
ǣ뵽նȥʬԪӣӾһͷʹ
Ԫӣ׼ʥڣѾնȥʬϵҪ̫ˡ
ˣŬɣһϵлԪһ
ȻѾԪӵɵһˡ
ʯȣӿҲ׼ʥڣû̫в
ȻԪӵʦʦ㣬ŲԪӣĺܶ࣬ĳǡ
һҲӵĴ󻼡
ǣϴξӣӾֻҪԼͱ׷Լˡ
һӺš

һնȥһʬҺӲ࣬ͻ׼ʥڵģҲֻһˡ
ͬĶֵԪӣоԼ࣬޷ǿ
ֻԪӣһնûС
ԼܾŬˡ뵽ʼ˵һ󷨵Ŀġ

ĸʼˡ
ܶ˵һͬľÿδ󷨺󣬶Լĸָ㡣
ѾΪһĵĹأϣԼĸú˾壬ǰĻˣѾĵĴˡ
һȴǷ̫
ÿһеͨ͵̫ܸԭ
о޴ĺô

ʱš
ʷǾ˵ͬ
Ԫֻ²ʮˡ
ʮ˰̫λӣ壬ʮףļλʡڤӡˡ
ʮ˵Ĵڣ˲˽̾Ĵڡ
磡

λѹȻϣȫڣӦûߵúԶ
ǰʮ˻ʣʮ˵ʱ򣬲Ǻ䶯ʱ򡣡
ʮλױ仯Ҳ̫ˣȻȫ׼ʥˣ˵ֻԪʣν׼ʥģɻ
Ǻǣ̹ŴĺᣬûֶΣ˵޾ͳǧÿһ֤˵бķʽأ
ţ
ο͵׽˵еָأǻԪ޽ɣԪ޽ߣƿأԪͬʱ֤룬Ҳ֤ȻָĿܡ˲²
ǼǼ˵ͷʾͬ
ڡ
仯һλᣬ̭ͨȻĹ£Ĳͬڵ㣬׼ʥڳĲΡ
׼ʥڼԲûаնȹ㣬Ӷ߲㡣
εὫڵ߲Ԫʦкܴİա
չǱȲǸߣȻʦ޾£ֲʼֲջУκ˲Ҫġ
󣬿ͷһͨ
ȡǰʮ͵Ŀ꣬ǰоԼûᣬǰ嶼ѡ
ֵʦֲ࣬ʦҲ࣬ʦԸ㣬ʯҪǿҡ
Ůʦã¡е̾ˡ
̫ĵУʱǿģǹԪӡ
ڶѡŮ洡ʯ˶пܡ
ҿŮվ̫ࡣ
ҪǺԪһʱ̫ܴʱŮ洲ǵһĴڡ
ԪӶŮ洿һ¶ѡ
һԪ廯Σı仯Ҫԭ켣˲ιεĻ
¾ûкŮһϸµĻᡣ
Ů̫ˣ½ʥ̲ſɣֱ˳ʥȻԵˣ˵塣
廹ҪΪ˽ɶգֻŮ޾
˵ʥе㿪Цֻǵ͵ûѡ
֦ͬ׼һˣһɲŮĶа֣ûС
̫УԴŮ洣Ԫӡ
ˣʯŮ洡ˣʱֲ١
ʯͿʤڴھԶŮʤڸ졣
뵽ˣŽԭʼͨ졢ǿξͿɡ
üһΡ
ֻгʦˣ֪̫ĺã̫ܵõ̫˴Ͷ͡
ʦˣʲôҪԼġ
ƴҲΪˣ˴죬ǿ󣬴Ե࡭
ˣΪضҪΪǰĴڡ

ע˴ĵĻᣬ˭ֵ
ǽԪȥˣʱʣµֻʮˡ
һ˼סˣǰʮĴ
𾪺еϰΪˡ
ǰʮʯ顢ޡѡԪӡŮȴεռˡ
˾ñӦˣۼ֤ʱȻе㾪ȡ
Ȼǵĵӡ
ǰռ߸λãֲ˹
ֹá
˸ľˣǰʮĵĴڣȻʯˡ
ʣµģֻӡԭʼͨ졢ʯ顢ޡѡԪӡŮ洡׼ᡢڤӡ󡢺ơۡۿ̫һޱˡĸˡ
ֱµţʣʮ˵ʱķˡ
ܣǰʮĴھȻǣ
ֱ۵չʾ̾Ϊֹ
ӡʯԪӡޡ顢Ů洡ۿԭʼ
ĸԪȥˣڵʮλ
̫ռڤӡͨȴ̫ܶȻ˴ڡ
ǾȵޣλȥɰӣȻ˵ǿ֮ȹɷˡ
ڣ
һ󣬲׼ʥڵĲΣһĻһ׼ʥڵľ硣
һ˿նȥڶʬԶˡ
ǵĿֻһԪһϸߵͣڵֻԪӣȫںˡ
һõģԪӣϵǲġֹ
Ϊ˸ĽԪӣǵ£ҲҪһϸߵ͡
ܵԭʼ
֪ʮ˵ʱԭʼеˡ
ܣôô࣬˭
ԭʼǽģΪԼһνܴ󣬲ԼҪֲסˣȻʮ
һҪֵ󡣡ԭʼҧ
ԭʼһܵкüҲ˼ˣʯһˣǼҲ˼ֲסʱ

һʧܵʱҲ֪˿̻жˣܸʦΪҲҪһȥޣȴǸǿĺܡ
硣
ѺΡ
ʦüˣԼȳˣǶˡ
û뵽ʦöԼҪȹ̣ܡ
ҽҪŬˡʦ輫Դãٸһʱ䣬˵׷ԪʦܣǺʯλʦʦȣҽ岻á뵽
䲻˼ϰˡ
ʦʦǸ֮ˣܱȡ
ʣĶԼʦʦ㣬Լûʲô˼ġ
ֻԼһֱĽȻǿܡ
塢ۿʦʦˣȻȻѺܲ
ڡ
Ҳ׼ʥڣֶһŮ洡
Ů洶û뵽Լͻˣϲ⡣
һǰϣġŮһɣΪԼֲ˶ˣͻˡ
ڡ
ǽǧ޺ͽƳȥˡ
Ƴˣϲȣƺʻǰ
㡣
ʦ֡
Ѻ׼첽סˡ
л𡣡
лʦ𡣡
Ķ컯Ԫһݡ
ʦܡ
á
˰֪Լô
ȻΧȵǣûаգָʺܺãڵڼǲ֪
㣬滹аˣӡѸæ˵һ¡
⻰ˣ˿׼ᣬ׼˵ͷ
СλˣȻаλеʧ
ΪԼǰ壬ֻǱסǰʮ
˴˿̣𺳵Ĳ̫ˣǵۿ
ۿȻڣ
ʣİ˶˭ӡԭʼʯ顢ԪӡŮ洡
߸պյĴڣһǵһĥǰǰڡ
һûеۿһΣۿȻסˡ
ۿȻױȣĵĺ;ȷŲǰˣû뵽εۿˣȻǰˡ
ʴ˽е㾪ȡ
ȴˣΪʱ³ˣû뵽ǣʱ»ڡ

ȻǵۿʣһҲǿ󣬵һ̫ˣȻȽ͵ﶼҪǿ
ǰϵҲû뵽ۿʹȻ
˸еȴܵǡ
ļǰɵʵǿʣޱ˵̫ɵ
͵ĲʵҲǿֶκͨɵֻжʡ
ֶһۿ
ܵǡ
´ģܴһ̣Ǻʽʱ̣̫ǿˡݺݵ뵽
ͬڤһˡ
ǿԼʱܱΪҪ
ǲģǵŰɡڤĵ


601 ̫˫һ
Ƿ絺˱ضܴ
컯ԪѸ˵˵
һԵһǰʦñʦǿˣҲҪŬˡ
ʦ˵ЦˣյõԴںҪܾãʦҲǽҶѣʦѾ׵ںϼԴǰʦֶܼȥ
ǺǣûоûУİʦֿÿ޿úܲ˼Ҳ䣬ʧ˾ʧˣ᲻ϡ
޽Ŀְ˼컯Ԫڡ
Ҳ֪ʦ㡢ʯʦ֡ԪʦܺŮʦôˣѵǵʵ
˼һɼǵʦ˵ҵʦУǿģŮʦãŮʦñضĻԵ赣ǣʯʦֺͿʦ㣬һֱǵĿģܳۿԭʼɣ
Ԫû˵ǵһѡ赣ġ
ɣŮʦᳬǵԤƣڴʦֺʹʦ㣬˵Ҳ

ڡ
ԭʼһֲסˣһ̾ģƳȥʱ
Ҫʱ򣬺Ȼʾ߸Ҳ˵ֳȥһ
ܿġ
Ҳ࣬Ҫֲסˡԭʼֹ
ڰǵۿ
ۿЩ귢չ׳壬һû൹ù£ۿǸ侲ǻۺĽɫ
ˣ֪ĺ;ĺôṩˣŬ
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սȻ˵㣬ȴǿ
ҲǾȹ̣ļᶨһǻ۵ĵۿľ̵ĺôҲֳ
֮ǰ嶪εۿ׼εһˡ
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ۿЩһվסղʧƳģ֪ļ֡
ʶЩ
׼ˣõۿ˵ۿһ֣ͱ߲Χסˡ
ⲻСغ棬ʳŶˡ
֮ǰвٳſڵϵģֱӻԲѣһѹġ
Щ˲㶪ˣϾ֪Ŀ£֪ĶУοʧſڵˡ
ǣҲֵþ壬ΪΣΪĥԼŬȷֵþ塣
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һ£һ¡
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ˣ׼壬Ѹٲס
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ӡԪӡŮ洡ѡʯѡԭʼڰˡ̫һ˷ܡ
ĪҪСڰˣȵһεǰ嶼Ҫǿ
ۿһû뵽ԼڰˣеܣܻΣ˲סˡ
»ˣȻ˼
ǰĸ߲
ǺרעΪרעĴ򣬾ͻῴƳЦĿ⡣
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һǣһλ
ǰһڸղţͿʼЦˡ
˵עûվơ
򣿿ܻ͵һһͳˡ
˻̾ۿʱӰˡ
ԭʼͿ顣
ԭʼѳˡ
硣
ʦ㡣
ҡҡ׹ˣǿվסˣ໥һۣڶԱ˴˸е
Լ֪ԼʲôܺԼһֵڣҼһֵͬԼľ塣
ͨǰѯһû£ֻеƣ
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ʯǰѰɽأΪһʯɽȻšʯĺ;ᱲģ
ǼǼ´ӡ˵ʵǿ֮д˳ɾͣǵָŬ˵лΪֶΣľɵߣҲɲʯĺͼ㣬ࡣ
⿴óļ̺;ĺô𿴵ԶԲŴ컯ԪΪҵȸ㶥ߣѰһ·
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˵˷ܴɷµĿʼĬ̫ţ̫ڵ˵ͨ
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Ϣһѯһ£֪˭Ǹʧ䡣
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뵽ǰǸϲ׽ԼԼҪšСʦãȻǿ
еԽܣĵʦ˵ĸǿ󣬸Դ֮ˡ

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˵ҵģʦȻı˺ܶ࣬Ȼڣ¸󷨾ҳȥʱҲ֪ڵڼ
ʯնȹһ󷢣õ̫µָ㡣
ָܻоʦָĸо
֮ǳҪض벻˵ļӳ֣ʯǿʤΪ޷ˡ
ᶨʯ뵽
δĿĺȷǲȱָ㣬̫ġõʦ嫡
ټ̫ĵԼ伮ʯǲȱָ㡣
֮ƴΪľˡ
ɽֻǿʼҪҪԼŬ
ֻģǿˣֻܵ׳
ʯΪ˶ġ
СӢҲ֪ڵڼ
ɣ
ʯȻһ󷨡
ȻʧˣƳȥˡ
ȥʯ֪ԼǵʱԼû뵽
ԪʦܣŮʦáӡܺãܺáʯֹ
ǿԼģûĿꡣ
˾Ŀ꣬ϲǿԼĿ꣬Լ׷ϡ
ʦ֡
顢кһʯ˼⡣
û£ΪĿˣܻ࣬ΪֲᱻѻʦӦҲҪҵȸű񣬵򲻿ԷƱһ
ʯ˳ʦʦһ̵
ǰʯԸϲĬпԴӳʦı䡣
Ǵʦ֡һ㶣ȴͷӦˡ

ͬŮ洳ʯ
ʯ˳˵˵߲㣬Ҳ׼ʥڵĿ֮ء
Ԫ׼ʥڣŮ洡νͻơ
˺Ĵ˵Ĵ˵أȷˣǿƺܲ˼Ķͻˡ
ⶫ㣬Ҳ˵ʱӢۡ
ӡŮˣǽ˵ۣ֮ӶҵѸͻƵġ
ֻԪʦ׼ʥڣش˿ҲǵҲǵڶ˰ɣ
Ů뵽
߲ĿǰܴﵽļޣŮ派ԼӦȥǰ֮ˡ
˵ۣͼԴ֮ˣ˵ӺҲ
Ů뵽
ˣӺһͻˣڻ۱ѾԽˡ
ĿֻԪӵӺȴûô࣬ûѱ˿ĿԪӡ
߲㣬˿ֻҺԪˣԪƶǲʤúɵġ뵽
Ԫӣ߻ӣײɵġ뵽
뷨һˣʼ˵߲ġ
Ȼ߲㳬ǵԤϣһ򵥣ԶָͻڿԿͨġ
ˣ˲Ҵ⣬һĥһߴ
ֹ˺ܾá
磬Ů洵ĺȻ֣˿
ǣô˵ʱŮ洣ϵĺĵһŮ
һʱһ
һŮ֮һˣŮ洡
Ů洿˵ΪĵŮ˿ĵĵĴڣúܶྴ塣
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ʦ㣬ңҵڼŮ洺ʤĻǺǿģæʵ
ϲʦáû˿ĿϢһ¸һԼˣ˵
ĵطοǰڴܣһջ󣬺Ȼ֣Լ˾Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
컯Ԫһܳˡ
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Ů洸һԼ˵ȷǿ˺ܶ࣬ϲΪ
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Ů͵һ㶡
ģʦ㣬˭Ůеʧ䡣
ǺǣѾˣ㻹Ů׽˳ֵԪʦܣӵѣס
Ůһ
Լ²ĹȻˣȻ˵ۣ˺Լһ㡣
ʦСǣȻŮ洵
ʦȴ˺ŮԵһˣɱȵԵĸǿˣԼȡķڷġҺŮ飬޲ʦá
Ľ˵
Ů洵ʧĲ̫ǿһͿˣʦ˵ԼŮԵһˣˡ
Ů֮һˣԪʦܱضΪԴܵһˣ£ûеĴԣǿʵõһҲûʦӹ˵
˵꣬һ뻹ǡ
ԵĶĸûġ
ŮʦúԪʦܣȴǿԼʵȡģϸ˵˵Ĵԡ
£һǿ϶ģǹʦࡣ齾˵


602 Ļʵ飡
ʣλڴԪӦǵһ⣬ӵıȽϣǣܶ˵ġ
ǰ̹ڵıȽϣ̹մͽĽˡ˵
ǰ˵ȷԪӴһǿ϶ġ
ţԪӴնȥڶʬ˵һǿ϶ģֻڶѾϰ
˵Ӻλûնȥʬǲܴ߲ģû뵽Ů洵ѴﵽˣλһˣʱӢۣʢضΪ
۷׷ס
ȴλ¸ƶõ˲ϤѵĸƶһԼĸ򡣡
һЦǱȻģƶÿδ󷨶¸ĵĻᣬƶǲġ
ƶҲǡ
ȻҲ
˷׷ױʾˣⲻ֪־ٶ̫⣬ǵĸ̫ĺԶ
̫ڸİݺҪ޾ĸ򣬻ٳɶĸ
̫ǰѾʼ컯ԪʼһĹۿµĸˡ
ջС̫⡣
ʱ̫ΪǻԪ޽㣬ﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɰ˲㡣
ЩΣֻ޼ɵĹؿҪһ
ԣ̫ҲûżΪȥǵˮɵĽ
Ȼһԭ̫ҪΪȥҪ̫
ҪΪ;ƽ̫ãܻ̫ɡ
ڵ̫ںɺĽףʱÿȥ磬û֮Ϊ̫
ʶ̫ҪҪܶĸϵĸ
컯Ԫĵط֮һ
ݵ̫嫣ﶼҪϸĸ򣬶Ԫĸ򣬾Ǻĵ
̫ٳɶ࣬ɳµһС
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˵Ľ𣬵Ĺؼ
ӣվȲնʬԪӣʹֶκ̫ǰһ
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֮ܵܵıԴһָָҾ
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ٺĺܶ¼ģ˵֮һ
˵ƶģڴڼ䣬Ҳõ˺ôһһƽĹϵ
˵ҲȫӣյǵȷԽܱԴȫĴһ˽İ취ʱǶ죬ܱܵԴľƺ⡣
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˾ˣѾעˣ˽ȻùҲ޴󰭣ȻȥˣǵĽչɡ
̫ǰͲ֣ȡΣΪľǿһһľ
ҵˣҲͲעˡ

ò˵һ壬Բ̹Ԫ;һ壬һΰȥˡ
˵ˡ
Ƴȥѯʵ֪ԼеգûбȵùӣԪӸǲ̫
ǰοȻˡ
̹ڵԼˣ˺͵˵ڴ
뵽ѵĹվҪĻ𣿡
һߡ
Ȼӵѣ˵
ǰն̹Ŵ󣬳Ϊʦ״ӵӵѣվǵ񰡡׼
ףȻһ㶣ʵʦܣ˵Ӻԭʼͨ죬̹ŴԪ֣ӦһŶԣôԭʼͨôࣿƺӦð
⣿׼һ
ǰΪ˵Ӧò಻Ŷԣô˲ôףѵ飿
ƻ飬ƺ
Ϊ⣬ӻ硣
ǵⶫӦֵһ֣⿼ĵ컯ԪӦֵܲŶԡ
ôô
˵ǣԭʼͨ춼е㻳ɵĸоˡ
ԭʼ㱾ԴԲƫͨ죬㱾ԴԲڸǿ֪ۡܲԴԲ
Ȼ䣬ԭʼ뵽̫Ǵζ˵ָ㡣
˵ҺܱԴԪԲԲģǸԪ֣ⲻ԰ԭʼֹ
Ȼ

ӵѣ
ȻԪӴǵһˣӵѳˡ
һףԪӵѹȻһˣӵȻǿ󡣡

Ȼҵԭʼ˼
ӳˣΪεĵڶ
һȻڵԪӣ˾ʵ顣
Ԫӵõ˵һûжټ
ĪԼ˭ҺԼȽϣ
һȥȵ۹⣬˿ԼĿУ˾塣
Ԫӵѣǰʦ֡ʦܣһʱ䣬˸˵һˣһҫĴ
ףء
ԪӺȻоѸٵӣоֵˣֵˡ
ǣΪЩʱ
Ȼһֱѹ컯ԪĻһ
˵Ϸ

̫һ˿Ӱ֡
ܶһμ̫ģֱӹˣеʶģæ̫ʥ
ȣμ̫ʦ𣩡
ˢˢһˣĴҲ̫ͺС
ȶܲȹ̷ͷͨͷͨңûйľܺá
ȸлʴȡٰݡ
ƣ̫˵ͷ
Լλӣܲû࣬Ŭɡ
ǣʦ𡣡һأȴ˷ܡ
õʦĿ佱ǵôˣǾ޴ҫ
ֶ̫ԭʼĲο
ʴȣԭʼҾӹ԰ԭʼ
⻹˵һμô͵˳ӵԭʼĵȻǵԭʼĸԸİݷ
̫ʺϳ˵һԼһֱעˣĳҲá
ʶԭʼ˵󣬱Ҳᡣ
ˡһһ̫Ӱһʧˡ
͵𡣡˵ΰݷ
ֱʱ˲˿
һμʶ̫ģǸӰҲֵýˡ
ˣ̫ܶߺ󣬻Ĳ̫ˣڵĴڣܲˡ
ϲʦܣϲʦܡ
ʱ̫²ŷ׷׹Ԫӡ
ԪӺ˼䣬ֱ˵ʦ֮
ôŮʦúŮ֮һˣԪʦȴǺһˣ˵ĽʦΪˡʯܽ˵
ʦ˵öԡҵȻʦãȴλʦʦá
ʦˡ

̫µĺѣ˺Ľ£ǳ׵ˣǿס
ˣ
ڶΣһʷĿˡ
Ԫһʱѹһʱʦ̫һǿҫۡ
ȻǰʮǰĴڣһʱģʱʱӡ
˺Ѹٵˡ


603 Ե
ԪӴ˵Ӵһǿ󰡡
ǰƶǳ⼸λǰ
ۿҲ˾塭
Ůﲻǵ£Ů֮һˣʵ飬ӵʥ֮ļУΨһŮ֮ҵȺա
̹ڣǿף˵Ԫ˫ޣټ˵ģĺĵ˰
ף˻ν⣿ȻԪ˫ޣնȥʬԪӴ˭ʤù񣿡
ĪˣӴģǿ֮һ̫ͼ˵˭Ӯ
ѽЩĴڣ˵񣬻ǵˡ
ǲ֪ڶǿ϶ġ
ӵ̹ŵԶǿġ
̫͵̹ŵѹ׵ֶΣ鲻֪ѡ

Ǻ棬ӵкĴ˵㣬һǿ
ڤλ棬һǿһǿ󡣡


ۣ˺ܾãɼζεҪԡ
ǰģõҫ͵λõ˵ļӳ֣˵Ҫĸˣονջ̫ˡ
Ȼ
컯ԪĥҲ˵Ǵ֮Ŀ
Ϊ˴˴ĥǰսͣˣ˴ĥȥĴ֮ڿˡ
ĶĴˣȻʶǿ󣬵־ڱصá
ֻҪԼɹˣй½£Լһǿûк诵ء
ӡŮ洡ˣȴͻ˾磬ʼչأ׼նȥڶʬˡ
ó̫ࡣ
ԭ켣УŮնȥһʬ󣬾ͿʼѰҳʥĻԵһȴûС
Ů˳ʥʥ˳ʥԵĿʼкܴ
˵ûŮ˳ʥһòʥĻԵŮ洱ˣǳʥҪ˺ܶˡ
̫ݣݲһεʥ˳ʥ׻Ҫá
̫ã۲һʱ䣬ŮնʬʥԼҪȥһ¡
Ůնʬնʬʱ̫ԶˣԶסԼ
ԼǲͺˣȥָһŮ洡
һŮ洱ѹ˶ȡĺ嶼ĵҪۿֵܡ
ھ޴ѹ£˳ʥһûѹŮ洣Ҫ뷨ƺҺˡ

ѣá
뿪ɽʱ򣬺ȻЦˣѾҪǵĸСһȻγɹˡ
Ƕ̾ȻԼлԵ
ˣáԹ˵ɵȥ

κˣΪȹΪ;磬ʼһαչء
˱չؽʱһ޴ǰ
ֻԹҵø񣬵ʱҲΣƵҺüѶȹ˻εĽѣһξ˲ɵĲΣе֪ȸŵѾܲˡ
ãŴĻ󣬵˵ͷ
ʮֵĲ񽾰ԸʹȻҲǽ̵ͨԵʡ
ڵãûкǰſ
Թһ̾
˵ǻԵ񣬵ûн֮ϵţҪܣΪѵĵط
磬Ҳصģĸڶ࣬˵ΪǰΪȹ̺󣬴ʦǡ˵
ǰ磬˵ǵΪѹܶءС˵
Թ̾ϢԷƱҲܽҪչҪ߳ɵ絽ôҲ޴ӵ֪
磬λãڻʱȫݣڴ˺úõȹΪʵǽ޿ɽʱ˵ɡ
󣬾ֻǵ˵ͷ
̫ˣڻˣȥΣնڡ
κΣ㶼ô˵ˣҲ÷
Ȼ
˾ʱȥɵʱǵһһȫ޺ѿ
㣬ô
޵ԹԵд緶ǲҲʺңʺϴʦʦ㣻ڱСѾͷеѱһҵĵĬԣſԸҺϣҪͽĻҵǺܿá
Թñ˵ĳ
һۿˣԸԼƵ
һеСѣȴ˱ƣи㱣ԸҲͬ
ȴҵǾñҵ꼸һеſҪĥҲдķ緶һͦԵģΨԹҲãҸо˵ĻԵǽá
Թڽͨĵӣ䲻״Ҳš
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˵꣬Ǽү˵Ķԣ춨֮ү֣ǿ壬лɹ壬߹ҲҲ֡

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610 
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𣬵˿̵Ĵսһֱĵĺĺ飬ڼʶѭĲпᡣ
սһԪʱ䣬ǣ޹ȥ˴ʱİɶࡣ
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壡
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оԼˣռͥսˣۿȣûʱԼ
ҲѵУʧأ⿴ľ档
ƴһѣҵȲʮ׵Ķ֡ۿϣʵ
ǿףѹ׵ֶΣţ嶨ȻҲѹ׵ֶΡ
̹Ŵĺᣬûбֶǲŵġ
ǺãȻʱ벻취ƶȸˡǷ
ȥɫأֻ֪
ŭĶ̫һۿĿֹˣ򶫻̫һƴ
ߺǲ̾˿
ܴ֪ҪƻˣЩƻۿǲᵱ˵ġ
ʶȤ뿪ˡ
뿪ֻһ¡
ǵۿֹʵԭʰԿ壬岻˴˿ڲͻ
ҪǶʺˣ²Ĵ֪
ʦĿɳˣǻս

ʵѺαغСޱߺ
ߣʿֻӣҪΪ˴֣ʶʵ
ˣΪ˴֣ɺìܡۿ
ۿֵǴʱĴУȷ°ɡ
ߣȷŹСˡ

һʱ䣬ĸ߲ǣʼΪĴսͷʹˡ
һǿθһǰֹεϵ𲻹ܣҪþһս׼ˡ

˵ЩֶλûʩչţҲһǱضҲкֶܶûʵս

һԪᣬʧ˺ܶ࣬Ϊǣ޹ɺ𻵵ԵʣǶɱմȾ˺ܶԽԽѰˣҪ취ˡ

İɣţ˴֣Ԥƣ廹ûΣյʱ̣ӵ˵ʥδûǺһսĻ᣻ʱһսܹʤߣʤˣضִңˣʾãߵܻ˳Ϊġ
ϣˣ

˵ںĴսУδһռϷʱǺܶ
Ϊǿ࣬룬ҲûţҲһǿ
̫˫аȥǶİһ㡣

ʿ䲻һ
ȴǺ˷ܣʧ˺ܶˣǺܡ
ʼռݾԵϷ磬屰ɵֶζʩչˡ
ܺãȥۿǲҲǳֵʱǾһǡڤ
磬ʱնȥʬʵ
˵ֻһˣֻҪչظһնȥ˿̲ǱչصʱٵȵȰɡ
Ӧչնʬģȴսӳˡ
ѣƶãնʬҪʼǿΪֻǿǲߵĸԶ̹ŵֻҪնʬɹԪӶĶ֣սǺҪȰ
ţ۽磬˵ĶԣӦñչնʬֻǿǲߵĸԶ
ǰ硣
磬޳ѵ
磬ʱľսԶ㲻ȥչذɣİɣǲ巭̵ġ
硭
һʱ䡭
˷׷ȰҲĶȻԼնȥʬҪԡ
ʶ
ãȻҾȥչأҪѵçײҪԻң尲ΣҪġ
չе㲻ģ
˵ͷʾס
˿̵岢ֻʮ׼ʥҲնȥһʬ׼ʥˡ
ҲˣΨѣʱڿ޷նʬˡ

ݱĴս߲ǻıݺʱ̡
һԶĳƺһĳƺǿʼ¾ˡ
壡
ף
ʼһף˺ĿݺЦ⡣
սԹ죬Ҫຣ𣿡
ʼ˼ˣڵһˣ˵ѹѳĻˡ
սԹ죬˳£ǰ˵ĳͷѹڵһٽˡ
Ҫˡ
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Կͽ𣬿ʼͼǿҪ˷塣
̫ļ֮ؽٵ죬һֱôѾ˺ܶ
˵֮Դ˿̳
ǵԼĳʱ䵽ˣ̫õĻת忴ء
ԣԭ켣Уʼûϣ壬һڴ˿̳ת
塣
۵棬Ҳ˷ˣǵĲʵˡ
ϣˡ
̫ˣΪӻΪޡ
Ϊ塣
Ϊַ
Ϊ˴ѹǾ̫ˡ
˿̣ڿˡ


Ц˻ۡ
ϣº˺ܶࡣ
ǵ׼ٻȥҪһ㡣һԵĶ忴ǻˡ
ǻۣԺ
Ҳգͻ꣬ʼǷŵģҲܺ͵ʼնϲǣ˽𲽷ˡһεԴˣеĻҲϸó˥ˡ
ĵͳں𶯡
ľģû֪ԼľжҪ

Ϻ壬ϋֺλԶŴڣһܸˣڵȵתˡ
׼ڿྡˡ
ûơ
иźԣҲǿΪΪԵʣǲնʬ׼ʥ
ֱʱ޿̶ǿԼһֱһĸоܹˣҲˡ
ȥǡϡˡ
ڶ̫̫ˡ



611 롱
ף
ָоô
һռüС˳
ڸղţܵһɾ޴Ĳ䲨ᴩ裬ԪԼԴһ󳼷ĸо
ԤϵΣ֮ޱߣʱҴο񣬻ǲȥ鷳ˡ
üһʧ˻С
ͬܵģе˺һе˳ѹȣһûȥ֡
ǰ̫սˣȥôˣС綼ûȫĻָ
̫Ĺϵ˸ң˷۱ĸо
ܺڣȴ޲
̫߶̫ȥʱ̣֮۵ʧˣ̫֪ʲô
֮۵ĺȻ֣úܶطصĴڶӦˡ
κδ̫֮أֻеѹͿ־壬ȴ˸ȥʲô
̫ʧںģڻʱ
Ȳ˵̫Ҫ޴Ŀ飬Ҫ̫ɽ١
˵̫Ȼʧںĺ޲TȻĪһЦ
̫ȥˣ˺þˡ
ȥ
ֻ޲Tһ䣬ֻɫϢϸߣ죬ɢ˺ġ
кܶ飬֪ıɫɼԪС
̫Ļỹ磬ߣ
޲TЦ
ֱܲ⣬֪̫Ϊÿζ
޲TСǿģƽͷǰġ

Ҳ̫ʧһ̡
һļ֮صĽ͵۾
̫ȥˣȵĺÿ࣬ˡ
ӡ
㣡

ֻ˵һռ٣Ǻɫʱһĺڶ˺ܶࡣ
ȣ
һȣʱͨһˣʼ𽥵Ŀʼȹˡ
һҧƳξѪ˺ξѪʼɢֱɢɶӦʱպڶͬ
ЩɢľѪʼʱպڶһȥǲ֪һӺεء
ŰɣǴ򲻹㣬еǰ취Ҳߡ
ܵ͵̫ץסֱˡ
̫ûաס
һֻħ̹ŵĴС
ڶֻ޻ʣĴС
һǽ棬нʬ档
ξǼ򵥵Ľɫ֮ǰ涼֪ܡ
߱ɱħѣαȵǧħУǰֻء
ͬȲεħҲʱռ䡢컯ħѡ
Ҳ֪ǰʱļƻʵּɣ̾Ϣ
ʱˣԹ˲ϾҲͷʮħȻ˵ز
ϣⰵ𡢻Ȫû⡣
仰̫Ҫ˶ԾΪ̫֪
ȪǲõˣȪѣ类̹Ŵʶҳ׵Ļˡ
ʣļˣںУҪں˿ģ̫ͺܷˡ
ֲãǰҵʮ˼ƻʱü룬ԭļһмƻ̫̥ϵɶ񡣡
һֻشħ
ΪԷ⣬һЩҷӡˡ
Ҳ˵ֻ޻ʵʱֻ˲ּ䣬Ϊʱ򣬲ֽһּ䡣
Լܱ֪˴ǻۡҷӡ˺ܶࡣ
⿴óֻشħǰĿºѲ
ƻδʱĵļλƿغġ
̫Ĵڣ̹ŵֶΣǵļƻʧˣ̫ƻġ
ԲռݺĵĻûˡ
ЦԲ̹Ŷֲ̹ŵΨһҾϡ
ֻǰ߹תѡ
Բһȱ⣬ǿ̹ŵġ
̹Ŷǣοд˵
ʶһƻˡ
񣬽Ψһϣ޾СصĵĿռλ
ҲǴǰԤΣĲ֡
һֱڿȣ̫뿪ġ
̫־ˣԼֶα̫֣Ǿ͹һˡ
ڸӦ̫ʧһѹȸûˣѸٵúʹϢ
ỹҪʱģ¡ǡҲ⣬˵ļɣҪݸϢҲöźĵݱ䡣ȥСʱ̫˲мɱңûֵɣʱǰȫġ
ٵȵȣСݻ죬Լںȫûмֵ뿪
⣬Ҳ̫ڿʼжˣʼչԼˡ
һʱ֪һнʬȺĶ

ڼ֮һĺȻӰ
̫ȥˣĺһ㶡
ãȥǰ̫Ƶûĺ֮εԵʣ˵һĺ֮в֣ȥ
ĺͻɣǰ̫ûĺ֮ˣȥ̽飬̫뿪ģÿԿȥˡ
Լ̾ĺҪ̫ĲֶԼǾͲðˡ
ΪĺҪȥ½̫֣˲ܵһˡ

ף̫뿪ˣ
ûᣬ̫ϻжҪĶҲҪһóڡ
ǿ½ѹҲʼжˡ

̫֪Ȼ뿪ȥУһЩڲκζţȫ׼ʱжˡ
Ȼ￴ó̫ʲôȷǺĵĶ롣
ھû˸Ρ


612 սġ͡
硣
һ׽ٰΧĿռ䣬̫޾׷һֲ㤵ĸоȻ
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ಣ
׷Խʱնûк嫵ȴ˸е־塣
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Ҳ˵ÿһ׽ٶ̫ƣʮ󣬾̫ʮƣʽΪ鱦һ̡
ˣ
̫ӣһ׽ٶӰ΢΢򵥵ķûУܡ

ಣ
ǰʮ׽ٽ٣Ȼ̫ܣûκεķ
ֱʮһ׽ٽ£̫ƬҶʼ賤ɱŽٵ׽١

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¡
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ͣ
̫ˣ䲻ǺأҲһôҡ
ûһˣȫƤġ
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Ҫ̫̫ɨ׽ٷΧ˵̫ԣܵ޴ʧ

ֻһջֵõģҪ̫Ͳɵ㲻Ҫ
׽ٵĿ̫Ҫˡ
˵Ҫһʱֳõĺô
˵̫Ӳͨ׽ϴԪһﵽԪ޽ɵ߲ˡ
ҲǻԪ޽ɺڵʵˣԪһֻҪչһҲܴﵽԪ޽ɵ߲Ϊ
˵˴ε׽ٶԪĴݲкԪõһƶ
Ҫ
ԣ̫Ӳ׽ٵԭ
ֵãֵ̫ˡ
̫򵥵ĸһ£æԼԪ
⣬̫ĥѿʼˡ
ʮһʼǻԪ޼ɵĲΣ̫һΣҲ̫˿̲ܲһΡ
εĴ׽٣̫ǲҪĺá
һȫ̫ˡ
¡
ಣ
һ𵴣ʮһ׽ٽ٣ֻһʱճɫ׵纣
ҿǻУҪںģܼι󣬺ľͻᱻˡ



613 
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̫赲׽٣̫£׽ٶ̫ɵ˺
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鱦׽ٶ˺ȻûԼ󣿡̫뵽
ͬʱҲһκûᣬ̫ý˼ʶһ̫ǿ
ԼʹõʱҲи
ƶ̫ûжв׽٣ʮ󣬿ʼ̫ˡ
ĵϺʼ𵴣û˸ղŵĴݡ
ƬҶӻɫɽɱ󷨣仨ǹźӡ߷
ʮƷ̨ʼתˮĻʼ
׽ٿ飬̫ʼˡ
ȹһƽΪٵĻ鱦Ȳɢֽ⡣
ǳǰܣͿˡ

ʮ׽ٽ䣬ɫɱΧ׽ٿʼĥ
˺ţʥĹĻ赲׽ٵâĳǹһǰ׽ٵĻ
źӡ׽٣̨תʢƵɨһ硣
ˮĻҺΪҶṩֲֺ֧ġ
㣬ʮ׽٣оյ赲סˡ

̫˿̫Ķš
ɺԼﲻæֻ̫ܿԼ
̫ҲǱҪһÿ׽ٺ׽еؽ⣬̫һС
һο׽һһ㣬׽ǿ飬Ҳһ
ʮߵ׽ٽ١
޷ݵ̫ԶǱԴʶƶƲס
ǣȻоյĶȹˡ
̫ڵʮߵ׽ٺʧһʵһǿһ̫ղŷµģ־ˡ
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̫һ̾Լֻܿš

ʮ˵׽ٵʮߵҪǿ
̫ı˲ԣĵֿ˳ƶϣ׽£ĵֿ
̫ûзֽҶȣһȻɵĴһ˿˿ۿ۵չֳһ鱦
еǿӲڵʮ˵׽ٽٵĹУԿһ
Զȥһ޷ԶҶҡҷɻšֱͦź˸
һص׽٣Ĺ档
ϣĶ
׽ٻ¶Σյľ棬̫Ķࡣ
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ˣ
ޣȴ׽ٵĶԿ˾޴Ĳ˷ƬƬ飬ڿռλСĿռƬ͡
еܵƻǿֱӻޣеĸպñ𵴳һƬռ䣬ʼˡ
֮˵ѾһƬޣ綼һǡ
䶨ʱֻһϢ̫ʼѸٵĻָʮ׽ٱȹˡ
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ʮ˵̫óΣˣǺá
Ȼʮŵ׽ˡ
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̫еʱֻ̣ʼļϣۣ˵ϺС˺ܶ࣬ûб٣ˡ
컯̫Ȼһ
С鱦ǵͻָ̫ǿˣǴ˿̶ɽٵһѽһһڴӣܸղŵ׽Ѿķˡ
̫һαˡ
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׽٣ˮһϣ˺ҡҷҵĲʼڲĿήɢɢе濪ʼʧЧ
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ˮϣǣ̫ȻһŽˮ
ƮĻ˵ǲܵǡ
ڻ磬̸Ƿĳ֣Ҳۡ
ڻ߸̫֪
ԴĴ裬Ĵ̫ĶС

ήȻһҡҷԶ
飡һ
̫֣ѾʧȥӦȻԼԪиӦˡ
ңԽԽǿԽԽǿ
˻̫̲סһ
Ϊʧ̫ܵȻ»ָˣǿήȥһή֦Ҷˡ
Դ̫𺳣Դ֮ǰˮ׽١
̫ԴˮΣ񼤻ӣӲڳʧһ¸ˡ
յʼ׽ٵıԴʮƳᡣ
˺ɲǷҶź̨תˮĻۡʹɢصʹâ

Ϣͺ嫣ʼ޾硣
ƺԤʾ˵鱦̫ˣ
ˣ
̫ʢ˺ڴƽ
̫ĿһУȴ˿ߡ


ֻܳĴЦ



614 նʬնħ
أصĹβʱɨ̫
̫Դʲô̫Ϊе档
޾һֱ޶ֻܿ¼һ»͵ơ
̫ν̫ܸˡ
̫֪ǣ̫ûг׵𣬶һǰ
˵̫Ѿȹ˽׻鱦Ŀ顣
ƿأҪһƽͿ顣
ʶն˺̫ϵ̫Ҫý׵̫ҪԼŬ
ǴﲻҪ˵̫뿪̫
Դãǰа̫̫̫ƿأҲ׺Ŀ顣
Ϊ̫аһæ
ԲŻ̫ԪˮεƣǼӵ̫̫ܲɷˡ
ʶ˽׺̫Ȼ֮ǰʱһ̫ʮŵơ
һ̫֪ġ
̫̫̽档
仯ܴǵϣ鱦ĳϼ֮ǰһ
Ψһųӡ
̫ÿһţһٺ󣬶һƷ鱦ʮֵ
̫ӵһ̣ʼʧ䱾ԴʥˮУΪʥˮ̫ṩıԴ
̫
̫Ĺ۲һ󣬰̫սԪҲܽ˸

̫û뿪磬һҪ
ǰʵʵΪﵽԪ޽߲ĵز
̫ľǻԪ޽ɰ˲㣬ΪǻԪ޽㡣
֮ǰƺˣʵ
߲Ҫ̫̫ܶ࣬ɡ
̫һֱˮɣûпΪ
Ԫޣ֮οԪԵʣ֮ø
ⶫ̫˵ˡ
ңǰ̫̫ɽ٣ϴѾԪһﵽ˻Ԫ޽߲ĲΡ
Ԫ߲㣬̫˵ܼ򵥣ֻǱչһ¾Ϳɡ
ʴˣ۲̫̫ʼΪˡ
һ֦
̫ʵʱ̡
ȴʷ׳ʡ
ɽ
ֻ͵۾
ն
һ֮նԪԪ˲ݣ̫ͼնԪʼС
ֱãնԪ񣬲۳һģ
ƶ壬ѣϾ
ֻնĶʬòеԭʼҵϺϢһơ
Ӳֺõľ档
ԴԲʶӵǵʱָľչԭʼͨıԴ֮
һֶΣġ
һֲԴ֮ĺ;磬Զԭʼͨ졣
ҲԲԸƫûȱݣʶΪ
ԭʼ߰ͨڸҡ
ƣǰնȥĵһʬԼͱԴնġ
ڶʬǸԭʼͱԴնģʴ˵ڶʬԳơ塱
ӼƻնʬԼ̫塢塢ʬĽϡ
ʬԲһ̣̹Ԫֵһ̡
ʬԲʱԪ̹Ԫ֤һ̡
Ϊһ̣Ӳֺþˡ
⣬һֶעܼ⡣
ͨնʬѴǰɵԭʼͨıԴҲնʬ֮С
Եʬ֣һľ档
նĵһʬ̫Ͼһģơ
նĵڶԳĵˣģ
ĵʬնǺͨòƵģ
̹Ԫ֣ͨ죬ģʾꣻ
ԭʼ꣬ʾ
꣬ʶ굱Ϊ
ԸòҲһֵĳ֡
Ϊָĸ򣬲ԼĲֺͼƻ
ãʬնԼֵ̹Ԫ񣬾ǷԴ̹Ԫһ̡
￴óӵҰĺǻۡ
ϣԼ淴Դɾ̹Ŵ
Ӷйƻƻɱʮף侫Ѫ̹žѪ̹Ԫϡ
Ȼƻǰɹһ̫Ĵڣزˡ
壬Ǵʱɱġ
̹Ԫ̹žѪϣӻΪޱȵĵǹ
ӣΪ£Ϊֶεľġ
ΪΪ޵к͵͵ǵĵѡ
Уǻۺıɲģ
նʬɹ𾪺ĵʱ
ԤʾԪӡ֮󣬵նȥʬĴܳˡ
սҵĺĶΪ֮һʱ䣬ó
ΪӵĶܺܣԭʼͨ˷ܡ
նʬλ˸ǿˣʱһپ٣һǸˡ
ǣ
ף磬նĶʬΪκҺ񣿡ԭʼٰͨҪ£öʬˡ
һĻԭʼܾͨȡ
Ǻǣֵ̹Ԫ֣Ϊи򣬾ꡢꡢò֣ԵɣʶΪ־ãпҵתԴгɾ̹Ԫһ̣Ϊˡ
ӲţľٶϻĽͣԭʼͨͬˡ
ֻӣεȸ򣬿ɷλܵʱ
˶ĻԵ˲ţΪҲ˵ܵΪնȥʬʬԲʱɲᣬܳ׵ĸ͵Եɡ
ͺԭʼͨźҲûǿ
ǿʥǵһĿ꣬ܳʥĿпˡ
ӣ˹ȥǽһ鷳
Ȼ
νȥΪġ
ԭ켣Ҳһԭʼָ̫ͼνӴԭʼѾʼлˡ
ǰ컯õ֤ĵǿ̫࣬ǲӦóֵľ档
̹ŸԪ֣ӦƽģΪʲôǿԼôࣿ
ѵֻǵĵ磿
һ㣬ԭʼɹֻûκεķֺˡ
һΣֿʼˡ
´ֺˬҵͨ죬Ҳеɻֻ뵽Լչˣѹȥ£úܻҲܡ
㡭
նȥڶʬΪ˽ֵܵĹǣΪԭʼͨ콲ڸ
һΣԭʼĻɡ
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ɽŮ洣նʬеżκżҲãԷ˷ɽ˴ȥ˵Լչغ󣬾伣ˡ
Ѫӱչ
ͬһͻƵѹҵˡ
Ѹٵնȥ˶ʬ
һٶ׵úˡ
˷׷̾ϢȻ컯ԪǰĴڣԪǴ˵Ӻĸʵ˺ǰ˵Ϊ
նʬú𶯣ڰһλյļһŪˡ
һСſնʬ˲𣿱նħǿ

ſյĴ䣬˳ָǺܺõ顣
Ϊǰ컯ԪοʹǰéĶ롣
ˡ
ҰοϷ򲻺СϷݺĹŵʱǻûأ
ǣ˺Ǵģһնʬģͽˣûꣿ
նʬ
ˣϷͻƣϷնħ


615 նħ
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ǰͻˣŷ̫ģ룬컯Ԫһġ
ġսնʬ
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ү³Ԫ⣬Ů活Ķ
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һӸ̫ôãȻѸٵĸˣȻ֪ʯǸãѵĶࡣ
ǲôɸʲô
ߵϰֻ߽ϲʵ˵
ұ̫βܺ󣬴Ϊº󣬿˵񡰴񡱷ŷˡ
͹ˣøˡ
ҲѸٽԭ򣬼նħħն׼ʥСԲ
ԣ̾Ϣʯǲ̫ˡ

ǰ˵ɶԵĿ̾ģôˣ

ʻãһˣҵµĿꡣ
һĵĿЩվסСӣϵҪǲϵιë

ˣϻ쵰ֿʼˡ
ǰ컯Ԫǰļÿ𾴺ͳݡ
˴ŵ񣺡ǰ⼸λ̫ˣܺࡣ
仰ըˡ
ԼߣҪնȥħĴڣܺԼȵֻУСꡢʼ˵ˡ
Сһﾹ˵Լ࣬ѵ˿һ١
Ҳˣ˵ǣҪȥǱȱȰ۸һСǵõˡ
һ£޷ͰѵԿ˵ԼûҪһСһ֪ʲô
Ĭˡ
ɱԼ˵ˣΪ˻ܸˣϻ϶ˡ
СүõһֻȸȻ챻ѵ̫ѿȸˡ
ڿĬʱȻƱˡ
ǰϷĵߣһȴһ֮ˡ
СӣǻϵΪ𣿲Ľʲô𣿡
񽾰͵̫磬κεӲǲǾ̫ˣһնʬģǺǣϵħǾںնħɣ̫£ǿԱġ

Ȼ䣬ڿɵУֻļ÷߿գȫһֻĹźõĸоȻ
һô˵һĲ
ȴĿ־壬ǸĹŵʱĿֲ

ն
һն䶯ġ
ͬնʬ鱦նħǼд֮ӵģ֮һνʱ鼸֪
һصļȦֵʱ򣬵Ӧģˡ
ͬĳ֣ȴǿĸоôܣ

ѵǴĳ֣
ⲻܣ
Ǻˣ
ȴڣ

ڣǱľٶˡ
ֻڤڤ֮һָ֣УŨĵˣһնһӰۡ
˱Ϊνļնʬκնճһصļ֡
նķֱصֶȥ
һУ߸ǵ֪
һִԵ˵׷ǰΪξ
ϣ
ֻеһȣӰĺصںˡ
˺һ˸һ޴ĽӶֱԪ

ܣ
ֵ֮ӣ
ǿ̫̽½ѹˡ
Բôֵ֮ӣⲻܣ

Ӱ˸Ѹٵȥ
Ϸ涼ˣһȥ¼ȻҪһ̽
˲䣡
˿̵񣬳˺ĵĽ㣬Ĵսʱֹͣ
ɵˣ϶ԣλǰôʲôţ
նʬǺε
ѵԼĴˣǰмġ

һϡ֮󣬷ӰʹĽֺһ𣬴˺ʧˡ
ŷӦˣ׷׾̾ĿſӰ
ֻ˲һֳԽնʬǿΪϯġ

Ϊ͵ģֱڵأǱǿѹ۷ˡ
ǰ
ȸϵԪӲ˼ľ
λǰǣ
Ѹٸɻˡ
æȴڿе½ѹˡ
̫ѵ񣿡澪̾
̫˵ֲãߣȻǿ׼ʥڵʵˣ½ѹ
½ѹǰֱ̫ᣬҵԲ͸˻Ԫ޽ɵľ硣
ֻһֱδ֤һֱ׼Զġ
½ѹǣ֮ӵܺ棬ץȥооģû뵽̫
½ѹ˲ˣ̫ǲ߰ɡ
ʶ֪½ѹˡ
ȴˣ뵽С꣬СһԵСȥ̫ˡ
СǰֵնʬãẦǣһ޷Բ
淢ַ֣ʽƺʺСֵ֣ȴնʬʿ
ֻҪ̫΢һ£Сдջ񣬱ϾСǻԪڵΪʵʵĻԪɣնʬ
ǣ֮ӵĹ̫ܴóοѾֵ֮ӵСˡ
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ʶҲĵˣҲ֪
棬ʱǻԪԲֻ͸Ԫ޽ɵľ磬˺֤ˡ
λǿˣʱҲɹˣĴܿʼѰ˼ôλİĸ˽̸ˡ
˸˵ΪԶǣӸղŵƺѹܸܵõ
˻ɣնȥʬʵΪ
ǣնʬһû鱦ǼһصĽϣǽֲ̽飬嫡
ǣ
Ѱ˼ôڵʱԪȴ˵Ц⣬Ѹٵ񿿽
һԪӴǸ

Ԫӣǰǰնħˣ֤Ԫ޽ֻһ֮ң

˻
˾ȵĵһԪӲڻãһھͰŪɵˡ
ôϤĸо

ѵ
컯ԪĴ͵ػȻʡ

񿴵Ԫӣ˵ĴЦһԼүˣôĿɿڴ̫²һˡ
ɵ۵ˣ͵ʲô
ղԪ˵֤Ԫ޽ֻһ֮ңѸٵĴоѣѸٵˡԪ޽ɡУ
Ԫû˵ѵĻôһλֻһ֮ң֤Ԫ޽ɵĴڣ
治˵֤Ԫô
ȴԶˣ˵һ֮ңոúܣúأ
ȴȷһ֮ңˡ
һԪ޽ɵľ磬ħһɵġ
һ̫ģһʱΪҪü
ûäĿ
ǰġԪֵ
ϣˡ
˵Ľ̸Űʵ


616 
ʣǰǡǰ⻰ʵеĪ
ƺѵģԪӳƺǰȻܱܲԪӻɣ
һ㶣ϵˣ¡

˿ڽ͵ͨˡ
ֲãȸ֣ȻλԪУ֮¸ڶˡ
ǰ
컯Ԫʱ
лǰ
ȡ
һʱ˸лĻ׷š
ѳɵ۵Ŀˣ֪ν컯ԪǰҲϵһ𰡡
ǰϺ̫ʱǰѿģѹ֪ˡ
ȻҲ̫ڵΪܵ͵Եʡ
ɹŷҺûи˵󣬻ĥ
ʴѹⷽ룿
˲Ҫ϶˾ǰ
һ̣ˣǣ
˷׷׶ʾ𾴡
νڵ֮Ҳˣģл

һᣬ˲Ÿлϡ
ֻʵǰҲնʬΪоǰҵնʬͬƺնʬʵʽȴ
ǴҺܻɵĵطʳ˵ɻ
岻ƺǰһ仰˵ҪʻܲҲƺǰɣ

˵һĹնʬҲã޴ǳȥУ򲻿ܡ
һ仰ǵĺ档
ԭ޴ķţǵ𴴳ģԭ
ڴսأ
ȻʲҪģǲ˷ʱڴĵģʶܶ˵֪Ҳá
ܶѸٹһ˺뿪ˡ
ľٶȴǶ֪ˣ֪λײβĸˡ
̫ļλӣźҲΪ顣
ǰԸ
ôΪʲôأ
òԼȲɣ뵽

һߣԪȥׯۣȴûȥǼĵĺá
˿̺Ĵսϣϲֳ棬Ȼֻǿ廳һԼΪʱҲѪ
׳ĿĸԸˣ̫ĸԸˣԭǰȻǰ̫ǿˡ
˵նħնʬ
˵ĵһˣ
Сžſʼˡ
Ȼ벻ĵܵܽϢء

ǰȥģ
ת˲ȥˣȹΪĴҷɡ
Ѿ£иһŨĵˣҪǡ
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ף
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СﻹţڳɹˣڳɹˣǰŵҪʵˡ
ˣĲС߶
С󷨣̫µı־ǵԲġ
ǣʶɨȻɽĸأһɢɫ
˲ˡ
ŴƷӣ
һϲˡ
̫Ѿ˴ƷͲˣû뵽Լˡ
Ȼ
Сӣȥǡ
ָӿڿЦҳӶȥ

䡪
ΪСӵĴЦ񲻸ˣԼĿֱӷƣһӳֱûڴЦˡ

ҲùڳЦأ´һյĳԼ
Լʵ̫࣬˲ͷĸо
Һãһŭ⣬˵Сӣ˭㹥ɵСˣϵֲҪɱ
òô˼
ԶԼɱһᣬȻ˺ܶࡣ
ҲԼԱˣһᱻˡ

ȿȡ
ǱӣӵǰһһʵĹеĪѹ
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ǰǣ㡭صģо̫ùˡ
մ󷨣űͽģ룬ּճΣˡ
ɽʯ͵һ
ף

ãȻô̵ʱ䣬Ȼ߳󷨣
Сӣƶ˵Ȼɹˣƶš
˵꣬ʯ˲ʧɽɽȥ
һߡ
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Сӣϵ㣬󷨴Ӻζʵ
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Ŷƺ뵽ʲô
룬ǲϣӦǵµļλӹȻ̫һԵ
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ǰôڴˣ
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СӵǺǰ㣬ǰǰնħ𾪺ģ
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ӵԵɣʦϴʦԣֻƷȴҶãҲãΪʦΪ˶õĲȡ

ʯֵ֮ҪȴһԵΪʦʦҲʦ棬˼ϲռļƷоţʦѾռ˰˸ǵھŸҲеļƷϡ
˰ɣΪʦʦġôʦ棬ܲܳΪΪʦ״ӣʦľҪ
ֵοʦ˽ڵĴڣСüһ棬ˣܵõغָ㣬ĻԵ
ʯζ̫ĳݺ;
ӼѣԼʦ棿
ʦǿˣʦúεǿ
ʦ˵ڵ
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һԵҲСӣĺܲүġ
ţӺͿһ㶣ү
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ǺǣϵүүأϵΪү£ϵүʼյ𾴣ﻹ£ı䲻ϵүľСԲѵĺܣӲһ㡣
𾪣Ҳ̾λǰѺ͵ġ
ȷе㶪Ƥλǰ̹ȻԣԼ
ͬʱǶνġʦǰүʼˡ
Ȼһȴ־ȵĿˡ
Լɵ
ǰǰ֤ˣˡ컯ˡԼô뵽
ѵǰ˵ģڵ̫͡йԼıԴԶελڣ뵽
ȷˡ
̫ڵһ˻ΣãҲ̫̫˼á
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618 ս޳
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619 ̹ųԣ
ֻӴ߶̫ͼ籦ȴ
Ǵʱϵĵڶ˺͵ˣȻʩչ̹ŵʱֵߵˡ
ֽǿ϶ģһʱӺĴսҡ
ʮǣҲҵԼĶ֣Ĵսڴ˵ؿˡ
ļλʴȴȻ˿û뵽ľ档
˵֪Щ֮ԳôģǳƽĿǡ
ô˵ܵĳ֣Ϊ嵲˾޴Σ
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ܣѾʧ˽ĳɵν˽ˡ
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尧Ӱ
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Ļڴܣп԰ôװ
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סְɣ

һӯӯָѹģһָ˿޸Ĺ
䡪ۿڴܷ֣þˡ
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μ档
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岻
䡪
ڳ˺ʮף˺壬ǲ


620 սֹ
ʷķŭͲʱˡ
ڴܵڵֳˣǵıͷŭ֪
壬ּҲ񡣡
һ壬˲ˣղЩǣǺܵǡ
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صĴܣҲ͵Ĭˡ
ǿʵǰǳ
κĲչǲɿġ
ֻʵǿҪģΪİοʼչˡ



621 
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ͯŮԿ˵
Ŷ˼СѾͷ΢Ц

ǰսҷ׷ףЩطȴûΪǰսҶ仯
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ǿԼᶨĵͦˣջ󷴶ĸӼᶨصĲ
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ָӦ֮ǰںĶĺܶ顣
磺ʯԡԼ٣ǿ׼ӣԼͬʽʽˡ
ҲһԡԼ٣սš
ֺ̫һ΢Цȥز̣δĺӣԼĵǰغˡ
⣿ڴδ



623 ׿ָ
ص̫̫˾ߡ
̫̫˾У̫ϲķ֣̫Ȼˮ
̫棬һγ̫Ԥϣ鱦вǴʱΪ̫һġ
ӣɫ̫˾Уĸ̫ڣؾ̫ˮ󣬶ӵҪ
˺ֿ̫һԼ԰ֻˡ
ڴʯ̫ڴˡ
̫Ժܶ˵ԼʮƷʱ򣬻ټǰƷ
ʱþˣüԼ˵ĹϵŴǰ컯˺ۼ
һֱԼ
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뵽ˣ̫ãټһҲá
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ҲգļƷѣҲ
ˣȱȡټǰƷ
̫ˡ
ʴ㽵ɽʯӻ̫磬ϸԼϯͽ

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ǰ޿޵Ľ飬˿̸ˣòǵϣԼϯŮӵʡ
˵Ҳɣ̫ԼռһЩ鱦УмͽԵ
ϯŮӵʽ̫Ҳý̫磬ϯӺϯŮӦõġ
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飬ɴǰ̫磬ʽ֤ʦ֮ͽͽҲǰ
̫Կ齻һ뿪ˡ
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ͬʱʦͽҲʯϯӿʼˡ
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һٺ̫˵ӵٻǣ̫Щ󣬺ȻӦң˻γɹˡ
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ȵˣԭ켣޴ˣԼĸıˡ
һǺԭ켣УµµΪԪһУȵҲϲľ֮黯ΣԪӡ
ҪǣԼ̨Ϊ̫ȵ˵ٴγ˱仯
ȵ˵˿νܿΪ˿ƽ£ĸƽ⵼¸ǿˡ
˫ͰӦ˺Ͱ˴Ⱥ
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ѵͰˣֹ̫
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һȵ˰ʦԪӣ˵Ȼսϣ
˵ͽĹ֣Ǻˣ˴ȺˣȻɱ䣿
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ţԪҲʡ
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ȵһ֣̿٣ôĻԵ
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µӵһˣ춨ʥԪӴңԪӵ֪ġ
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̫˵ͷһ֣һָУ˵ŴǰȥׯѰͽԪӰɣͽԪǷԸ㣬Ҫı֣ȥɡ
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ȳϿҵĶ̫ʧĵطżվ̫ޱȵ˷ܡ
̫Գ棬ֵýˡ
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ҪǶȥׯۣã̫Լʧ
ʶȼᶨһҪׯۣ㿼ԼһҪȹ



624 Ŵ
̫оǺԪ˵һΪãǰׯ۵·ϣԪӿһ
ʶ̫ѴϢԪӡ
ׯۣԪһȦ
˺þñһ仰ʦƶչмӣͽΪƶҵˡ
ֻ̫̾ϸ˵ĲصӲǸ˼ͽܡ
ԪӲæʼ۲ȵˡ
̫硣
һʱʯͿ飬ڴӺͽˡ
С󣬺ǽţһǴʦ֣һʦ㣬ǽ
ѹܴҲһҫ
һμʶ̫ˣȻ̫ˡ
ľָ̫ǰˡ
ʦһһѣֿ䲻ãǵһôʱ䡣
⣬󻹻ķ룬еꡣ

飬ʦԽΪʯ
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æӽݼʦʦ塣
ʯľ˿飬ֺܲĵ˵ͷ
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СһΪ;ûĺ͸ȴ˺ܶࡣ
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һΣһлԵĻʥ˻Ԫ޻ǿһġ
ֻǽޱȵѡ

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ԭ켣ֻһξͲˣһԲ߹ɣǺĺϡ޷ṩͱԴ
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ʱӣδֱŵһνҲɽԴ㣬ԼǰӲ
ε̫ڴ

Ȼ̫û뵽һĻˡ
̫Ӻ󣬾ŴƷȫʱ
䡪һ̫һ
ŴƷҲʼ仯
Ŵ໥ںϣһ󷨿ʼȻˡ


625 
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߶̫仯ǾŴƷ۵һ󷨡
̫Ҵ⣬Ѹٺ̫ʶϣԺб޻
ǳֲƿصľ棬̫ᶯ̫ΰϡ
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ע̫ʮƷ̫ڣƿ֦ɱʶļƷоţ˾ŴƷۣ


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627 
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޲TͺǷ˼λѸȥڴΪҲҪȥ
̫ĴֱʣǾġ
ڽյϢ˲ˣԼԲȥ



628 
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Һÿʦ˵Ķԣħ޲TǲмҲẦԼˣԼֻһġ

㣬Ķˣĵĸ߲㴦һּڴС
Ե鿪ʼһţվսǻΪսֿʼأ
ֲǣƺִܶҲڲ룬е㲻ˡ
Ԥʢת˲һιģʢ翪ʼˡ
鷢֣ĸ·ܣʼϺ



629 ָ
۵
̫磬ۺһֱڽС
һ̫磬ǵ߸֪
Ϊңʯ̫ʱˡ
ԭĵңֻһ;վĵһ޴ޱȵС硣
ͭŵ𺳣棬ĴڣԼŨķָ
ǳ׵ĵ߸֪ԭǵĵ̫磬ǺεȵĿ¡
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ڣ
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ڴܿһЩĹȺ棬ԼһЩδ˵̫šԶŴĴܸ̾
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ʢ磬չǣ棬̫ҲΪԼԺ͵
۵ûУƱյҲûУԺĴ˵УĴڡ
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ü͵˵ҲջܴǺֲ̫ѺۣҲõֲԲ
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壬޼ɵĴעĻҪŮһء
ʥĸĵλŮˡ



637 ָŮ
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һưԵʱʼĽĩβˡ
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û뵽ʦԼǰ⻹ǵһΡ
Ů洵ĵ徻ͯûеһЩ顣
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638 Ů洶
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ָĶѾָˣʣµĿŮԼˡ

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Ů洵ľٶȴúܶһš
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ȻҲԼģԼʦġ
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һʦĴڣߴʤ˿ɺⲻҪϵֲεĴڣĶֻԼԼܸңΪ档
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˵Ǳ˲ٿصľ棬Ǳˡūۡ״̬ҲһֱӻµĲ
컯֮Ϊ컯ʦ˵컯һֿʼҲһֿʼ컯ֻΪһȴ֪졯ν⣿
ҵĻԵҵĵһ㣬һϲúƽϲȺ
ŮȻһԪеĺʼʼԪصкϡ

ˣ컯УΪһǴ죬һƿص顣
ʦ˵νƣ־۵ԸҲķҲϲᣬϲƻģϲ̫೬kƿصģΪӦ֮ˣΪ־һµȺ
Ůˣ
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639 
ںϷŮ洿СһһŮС϶ǵѪǳ
ȺҲҪҷܣֻȺ಻ȥŮ뵽
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ǱУķʽѪĴУһͨӵԷԼľѪݸӵ顣
ΪĻѪҺͱԴСǼ𣬾Լݳε
ǲǴȺʱҲԼľѪֻУҲ֮ѪŮ뵽
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ⲻеĽʬǱģԼȺ뷨Դеֹˡ
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ȥһܳӵһԶʮǧٵ֡
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Ψһƿأܸ󡰲

컯;ˮԼŮѸԼǣ
Լڲƽˮ졣
ʦָʾǣǰ«ʱ򣬱ԼϢͺ«١
˳㻹Լ˾ˮȣԺϢͬˮ
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ת˲һԪʱ䣡

죬ŮҲѹƲסԪеı仯ˡ
飡
Ůһֻ֣컯˲ɳһȺŮġϡ֮顣
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Ψ߸кԪӡ塢׼ȣĴڣǱ¹
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Һһ̣̫ǣһ֮⣬ǲԼСʦ¹
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磬ȥȥԭʼʵŮ洳ʥеܲˡ
ȥɣνΪʦȻŮ洵ѾʥǰȥҲ޷˵ܴиʥĻԵӵ
˻˵꣬ԭʼͨǰһ
˵ĶԣĲ˵ǻԵ˵ԼҲܸʥĻԵӶ֤ʥأ
ֵܾˣǰȥ活
λȴûⷽĹǣŮ洽ǿĺܿġ
ҲкȻÿһ˿Ļᡣ
Ů洽˵Ļᡣ
⣬¹ƶĺƣһλᡣ
㣬ĵĸ߲㣬ȥ飬ȥ
ˡ
һŮȻݣų⣬׽
ϣܺŮ洼ϵ˵ȡŮ洵֧֡
ǧ󡭡
ڴܶʼǰˡ
ʦŮʦΪȥ磿
Ϻһˣ޺ѣͱãڸ活졣
ԭɣŮʦʥȻǼʱ򣬶ҪǵĻԵʥ˽ǸԵǳѶԱ˵
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642 ӳ
ڱǶ죬һľѩʦ活·ϡ
ѩһαԼʦˡ
ԼСʦ徹Ȼʥˣֱ˼顣
ʦ˵ԪʦǿģԼҲôΪģû뵽Ůʦȳʥˣ
ѩ˴βܼλʦʦ壬λʦʦ㣬Ҳһμ棬򲻿ðʧˡ
ǣʦѩ룬ʦ˵öԣβܼԼʦʦܼʦʦ㣬ʦʦá
Ǵʦ֣Ǵʦ㣬λʦãԼʦܡ
νʦʦ㣬ʦʦãȫľˣǡôĵط
Ž顢ԪӴȣԼڤӡۡȵȴܣǶ活졣
ǧ˻磬ĵĻ硣
˵طղ󣬵֮Ȼɽ롣
һСǵһ߳ģˣʦӻΧĻ綼ǿԽġ
活ǰȸϵ壬ҲΪˡ׽Ů洡
˺塢ˡˡ
Ů洽ʮʱ䣬ûѹŵ嶼ĸˡ
̫µһӣڵһμˡ
Ӵʦֵķ緶һһλʦʦý̸һ崺ӣõʦʦõӵ
Ϳһ緶һߵķ緶һ۷ˡ
ǰΪ˵ȴȵǿֻ̫ҵĲΣʣӺͽ飬ҲͽɺڵĲΡ
Ǵʱ䣬ʯ֪ҪԶԵӶĥģΪ;ȴѹƲסʱˮɾͺá
Ǹŵķ緶һЩɢ޺ͺΪĺܿ죬ɺһ޴
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ѹΪӶʱ

ʮ活쿪ڴܵһμʶ活죬Ůʥ˵˽һʶ
ʥˣȻڻпһأͺ˵Ŀ֤ơ
ʴˣǶŮ洸ˡ
λŮ洵Ů洵ʥ˵λĵλһ
̫ˣȴʶµһǰļ䲻׼ʥΣǼǲˡ
ʶԺ֪ܶģеС
ڴܲһڽҲˡ
ڴ活󣬰ݼŮ洡
ʱŮ洣ʥˣޡԵʣԪбԴȻĥڡĵϡ
ʴˣʺѹˣԸǱ仯󣬿ó̫ǿ
ǿʥˣҲ׵ĸı䡶Ļۺ͸
ңʶҡ
磬λʦʦŮһ֣һλˡ
ڷ˺ͼλʦʦģڱˣҲһվŰɡ
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лƶվŰɡչû£ѡ
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Լʦʦ㣬ʦģŻǿ˼ĶˣҲᶨĶˡ
ӣ顭ݼŮʥˣߵŮʦ塣
һĻʥǰݼֹߵʦ塣
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£ѹʥ˰ʥ˰ݼˣʦҪ֮
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ӣлʦ塣Ů洵Ĵ䲻󣬵ҲһǺܸˡ
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ν컯ΪΪ졭
컯֮˴ǰһУʼϥŮʥ˲컯
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ް취ľŮشǵȤ
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Ůʥ˳ʥ𺳣ȴԶûͣϢ֮ڶλʥˣǾ̾ġ
ʥʱѾˣΪŮʥ˳ʥĸ塣
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ǿҲͽɵĲΣٵĿʮǧˡ
ԣǲʮˣŮ洽ڼ䣬нһѾɥˡ
￴ó˿С
ĺģ˵սãȥĳɵ顣
Ҳ˵ˣĶǲ򵥵ģ򵥵Ļ˿̡
ˣ˵ʱĺΣյģǾ顣
⻹֪Ůʥ˵ʬտԵʣеʬտܴܻץоо
嵮ͻȻҲ棬ʥ˳ʥµףΪĵǵɣǾ޴ʧ֮ǰսҪʧء
Ҳһԭǹ˼Ů洣ѱˡ
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ԭ켣еĸı䣬ǵԭ켣УŮ洶ǲӣ޾
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˼һ壬඼ŶԱ˵УҲڱģ濴ڲͬĵط
ǰ֣Ůʥ˾Ȼ˳ʥ壬ƺǼɵҪץһȥ
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ðɡ׼е㲻ġֵʦ֣ô죿ǺͷŮʥ˵컯ֺǲһѵȥ
һ˵ֻܵȣĺް취嶼ԪҲ㣬ô죿
ֵǰʱŮʥģǸ˻Եڣʴ˳ʥΪ־ãٲ˵İ⡭
һ٣ֵ⣬ʦûз֣Ůʥǹ³ʥģնȥʬԲʾʲô𣿡
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ŮӽСǹ֡
ڴ˿̵壬ûгƺֻмλΪߵļм򵥵ĳƺ
ͺܴԼ֡
ԼֽģСʲô
һصĽ˺һ󣬽СǲףεĹ꣬˵͹һ顣
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û꣬նԪһĴڡ
Աִ̫Լ壬һеһС
֪Ůʥ˳ʥ׼޾µһԴ˳
նԪһ壬ͨĹŵõ֮Ůʬ̽顣
ڳΪˣһݣ塰ꡱһ̬նʬȴնʬȴԴǣ
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ҺϾͶϵ˲ѸˣҲȡϵĹµˡ
Ȼһ׽ٽ䣬Ҫ塰
Һúϵͨǿű˱ľ档
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壬ڿĵȰʼˡ
˵ĺⲻǱӻǰᡣȷ˵ˣҰպĹ켣˵ôϣΪİҪ֪ǽҪģȻҪκδİǵİʯҾҪ壬Ǳӻǣ
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645 
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ȷ棬壬һԪΪΪŮռţļΪ֫ĸƢθϡʮʮѨʮǧϡ
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ŭڤӣйһ޷ˣڤڤݣԼȺԲˡ
Ҳйˣʹǰǵĸоһˡ

ڤһ˻ȴ˿̼
εڤӰǿ첨Ѯ졢ɫ졢ʪš
⻹Ĵħޡʪū³ޡĸ
ҵĴ찢壬Ļˣһһ亹ΪڤܷأҲ
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646 һн
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647 
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ĸյıԴ֡
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648 ǣ
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ض֮°Ƕĺ
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İ嶼ܿ϶̫ˡ
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ҡҡͷǲܵġ
Ȳ˵Ůʥˣϡгϡϵĵ
ͱʾдˣȺǲġ
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ɽ
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Ůʥͨ
ǣӵ˵ͷ
ף֤ʥףشˡ
ţΪȥˡ
ӽλܵףʼĵó̡


649 ѵԪ
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ԪӲ̫ٱҪ飬Ѹٵټׯ۵飬ӭ̫ĵ
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ԼлԵԪӾնȥʬˣѵԪҪʥˣ
Ϊһǡ



650 Ƶ֣壡
ƶУܵԪնȥʬ󣬺һꡣ
нΪϵԵõʼһ˿ûУԵʣ̤ƶһأ
Ƴ֮ǰ̫ʱ˸ҴԼ⡣
Ǵһγ߳ƶ
ңϲĴңڣȴԵʣж
ȥУҪſɣһأὫд
ƾˣԼҪΣա
οΣհŻ˵ϵԵˣϵʥ˭Ҵҵ⡣
¶ĵĺƴ
ȴ룬һֱڤӵȣڿϣˡ
磬߳ƶˣһΪŵò߳أõ˵
ܣģΪֱضɱƣЦΪֵĻ쵰õͷҪ壬ߣ
ڤҲǰʱ찢ԵʣúܶĽʵˣĴĨ
ʲôʲôβʲô
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ڤ뷨һĻ෽ѹʱ̣Ϊľǳʥı
ԽǴԽǳ壬Ѿ̫ˡ
ʦ֮ȴʧȥʦĵλˡ
ڴӻƶˣ˿Ҳڤһ㿪ʼһˡ

һߣĺ󣬷ֲûô򵥣иȴʼһ
һξǽʱ䣬ӻһϵˣѰԼĻԵ
ԪԪնȥʬӾˣԪؾʥԶˡ
ԼҪǰ档
أǺջ񣬰һꡣ
һħûĵط
ιǰϼһιʴҼҴĵ̣ʵ򶨳㡣һͷСţ忴ȥΪӺǳ
ͷͷһɣ˺˵óԣһͷС
䲻óԣҲһҰ޺ãϲ壬˵Զ˶ΪкôҪͷͷСӵ棬ʼϷˡ
ӱɱϣȴСϢ
Ůʥ˴壿óʱ䲻עˣΪθղźһ¶ѵϵԵʥйأ뵽
ڸղţСἰʱԪеĺȻһǣоѰ޹һ󼤶

ͷɵˣץ˳ԵͷСӣΪʹǰһ
Ѿܲˣ翪ʼˡ
ˣ˴˿̵ľ档
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ΪƢܵϵ軹֡
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Сеġ϶ޱƣ˭ҲûǣôһԼأ

ף
һ
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ѣܻͣ𾴺;壬ⷽռ˲١
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ڣ㲻
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ڣŮˡ
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651 Ԫӳʥ
ʬնԪһ
Ḷ́ԪӸоԼˡ
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ˣԭˣ洫ƶһ̾ˣŮʦôʥ·ʺƶƶʹһɰɡ
¡
һˣԪԪеĺһ¶޾޷ӦԪͷͨһ̣ڳˡ
ֻԪѸٵķڸ߿գׯ۵顢ȵȣȻʦһѹۡ

һһĪѹ֡
ϣ̫µԪӣ켫Ʒ˲ιΪŴƷΨһԻ֮ڡԪӣиС֮ڡ˶ⶣޱȣԪԸģӻľ֮顢֮顢֮顢ɽʯ֮飬ѹˣ̣
Ԫɺ󣬸еͷͨӰ
ɺֻһ޴Ĺ
Ԫӳʥˣ
Ԫʥˣ

޾飬ǲľɽ飬ĪĸеһָԪ˵ʱˣ֮ڳʥ֮سˣӻԼĴܳˡ
ԪӴ񣬲ӦýԪʥ˳̣ӻ֮ˡ
Ԫʥʴȣ
ȡ
֮ھԪӣǹѸٽԪӵڣĺʼϡ
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653 ȳ
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Ů活ӣ⻹ǳʥһγ֣Ҳһʵ顣
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ǰŮʥˣɲ⣬Ů洵ĵĺҲ˶ʥˣȻظ˴ǰʦʦùϵ
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655 嶨
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656 Դռ
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뵽̫һʶԼֳһ˿ʶƿһ硣
ԭʼ磬Լʶʶ󣬶ԼҲа
ȻرԴ̫ɲܶˣһҪҲﲻ
ҪرԴⷽСʶ̫ƿء
ݴÿһʶǻԪ޼ɵʵǿʶнӽʵʱΪǵвġʶûͣǿһԣˣʶű𣬶ǰѱѹϳȥˡ
̫ʼˣһᣬһԼܿٲԪ޼ɵĻᡣ
ʶǷĹԪĹͨķ֮ȥ̵һʶ

ֻ̫͵һ֣ʱķâ˲仮ǻɫĹĻ
̫һҧʶԴС

𣡡
ȥ뿪뿪
ߣߡ
̫رԴ֮غһŭо޴Ĺ˲̫Ԫȥ
ˣ
ԪеĻӣһ죬ػ̫ԪԻõĹ޴֡
˻̫ܸ֪ʶǻֻۣбܵԼȥ
һĻ˵ˡȥߡǡˣ뿪
Լ¶ˣʶǻ۲ߣδγγɹ򣬻޷ݹתֻܱܵԼ
ȥԻúĹļá
ȻⱾԴ֮أʮ˳ˣرԴ۵ķˣÿһٻԪ޽ڵʵ
̫˿ʶԪ޽ɶĲΡ
ʮϮԼʶǿֶΡ
Ǳܵķ
ʶо飨̫ܻԼδԼ
kòƴ
𣡡
ʮĹ̫
ʮٻԪ޽ڵķˣرԴ֮أ̫ǿ󣬻Ԫ޽ɺڵʵѵеùʮˡ
ʱҪ̫չˡ

Űɣ
ֻ̫˷ܵһ֣һˮĻʢ֦չҶ趯
ˣ
תǿϢñԴ֮һ
̫Ծվ̨ϣһʧˣʮǿҲ빥Լ̫ķ
ǽԼֹʶƿȨʱˡ


657 ʥĻ
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徭һʱıչغȹΪʥ֮ԪԴһЩδ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
̫棬ʥ˵Ľ֮·ȵȡ
磬ȣʥʥ֮͸Եĵӵˡ
Ԫʼͨһ̣˳Уһǽؽ̣ȡһС
ǰĶʥӵľ޴ˡ
۵ãÿ۵˶ĲɿľƺԤʾֵܵĲ͡
˴ˣ컯ƽ֮£˼ǼƣҲԺķչܲ
һ̾ԼѰˣԪ˵Ĺûô򵥣ҪܳʱĻָˡ
޷Ҫʱָӵ
ߣԪʼ֮ǰԪӺŮ洺Χ磬ǰﲻϣڲһˡ
ʥˣ˭˭
磬ҪҿȥһƤԪʼ
Ȼʥ֪˺̫ܶ࣬ǿ
ǵȷ̫̫θ߹ǣСìܣ̫ǲֵģҲǳʥǵˡ
⣬ʥ˳ʥնȥʬʵлԪ޽ɺڵĲΣǽΰǿֻնȥ˶ʬ
նȥʬԪӺŮ洣ʵﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɽԲʵ
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壬Ҳǲһԡ
ʶʱ˶̫һ𾴣ηûǰˡ
ңʥ˲𰡣һ䲻ܡ
˵̫ǶԺǵη嶼˺ܶ࣬ǿԣ˲ѹ㱻ѹҲҪͬⲻͬ⡣
㣬ˣǵ̬ˡ

ԪʼĻӺĶˡ
ʱãֵҲͺսƽŮ洺ԪӶʬʥҪǿһ㣬ûԪӵȺ͵飬ԼŮ洵ĺ˱ҲǶƽľ棬ĪҪ˻סˡ
չԺãסջ
ס׼ͽⶼǴУ
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˵
˵ֵ꣬һĬȷɲҲɲ
ʵֲκˣ˿Ҫء
ʱƣǶ̫ηļ١
Ҫ̫³Ҫǲǣ󶨻ʥ˿ߵģǱȻġ

ǲ֪̫ȷԪ߲ʵǲ֪̫컯һǻԪԲʵġ
ټǿ̫Ĵڣ
Ī˵ˣһսնȥʬʥˣ̫û
ңʱƣֲԽԽ󣬵̫Ԫ޼ɵʱ򣬺ߺߣ
ʲôʥ˲ȥԴԪͲʥˣȡĺͲˡ
һں̫Ūüˣ̫ҲϲҾ֡


ӱչг׼ͽûжôˡ
һ࣬ޱȵ࣬ǣǷֵ̫ܣܲ
Ȳ˵Ҳ򲻹ùҲУѹԼ˵ġ
ˣ
׼ᣬ뵽αѹľ͵Ĳô̫޹Ҳ
·ˣʥҲ֪ࡣ
Ȼܾ޴׼еܡ
ʥһڱ󣬿ʼ˵Ļˡ
磬ǰôģ
һеˣ֪ǣ˺Լ
˵˺ĳ˸飬˵ȷ
ʥͳʥ֮ǰܴģ˿׼ᣬΪˣŻǲţ
һ̾ҲҪųǰϾֵд˳ɾͣ벻ǰࡣ
׼Ҳǣ˵ȥһЩͳܰɡ
ңǷ̫ˣģħģǲϵĺƵġ
磬ƴǰҵõԵ̫ˣ
ǰҲܡ
ʥˣĽеĿԼףǷ̫ˡ
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˼úɣδʥҿ޳ʥĻԵˣ̫ˣҰ֮ڤȣڴ⣬ǿ˵ˡ
һ£˳ܵ㷴ɣնȥһʬ׼ʥѡ
׼һ˼ţ



658 ʶԿ
⻰ע˺ƵĽ֣˴ֳ֮ˣûˣе㷴ɡ
׼ʥķɣ˳еȫԳܵġ
ľչԵú㣬˲˵ˣԼ׾ͺá
֪ΰ󣬾Ȼƽ̾
ǰʦܱΪʥлᣬ룬һᶼûС
ʦܣ룬°ɣ򽫻Ϊħϣʥ˲δԶĺܣĪҪһʱĵʧԼĲȡ
Ǻǣİʦ֣ס׼
˵ͷԵŮԪǣʥԪӺŮе̵ǿնȥʬĴڣֻնȥʬ˶˵˲һһ򵥣ҵȳʥ𣬵Ȼѡ
׼̾ʦִ򵥰͵һǿԿģǵһеĴڣΣգ
׼ͷǰŮ洺ìܣʦݵ֪ԪҲˣƤ嶨ưոݣ㲻ͣǵĻᣬ˿֮䣬õĻᡭ
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ǽϤʦ׼ᣬ³ʥˣʥ˲ֹʦȻʦܡ
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ǰ塢ԪӺˣ̳ʥͽǱȻġ
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С磬̫ٻ̫󣬿ʼһ춯صĴս
СرԴ֮أֻ̫̫ܽΰ
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ʮ˼Ϊǿ̫Ȼסˡ
̫ͨܶ࣬󹥴С磬ԼʱΪа
ֻһδԲСʶԼæҵģ˵ЩԲʶˡ
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컯ѸٺһͨԪ޽Բʵ˲ѹסˣ˺ԪʼʶͨԪʶ
ֻ̫͵һ˲ʮʥ˵Ĺ
˺󡰺䡪һ
ֻ̫ѹѸٵֱԪԲĲΡ

ֻ̫һȣԪ֣֮ʼɢѸٵռԴ֮ء
뿪

뿪뿪
ʶе־ˣǻۺܵͣظż򵥵Ĵʻ㡣
̫ķ֮ɢԴ֮غ󣬿ʼʶ˵أһɫ̫ķ֮飬ɫǴ˵صʶ
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ң̫֮սرԴʶѾƿ۵ķˡ
ʶ´ָϧһдۻ̫


659 ƿС
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̫еڵĸо̫Σˣֱе㲻Ҫ
ʶԿ̫ʶʹʶڶԿвһһľ档
Ҫһ磬̫Լƿ£̫ˡ
ҲˣǺɣʺԼԼһ籾Դ֮أʰԴʶɡ
Լķ֮ʶս̫Σˡڣ˽ֵľ档
̫̫ʶҲǴǰķ֮飬ʹ˵ʶ໥ɺĨɱ
ֿս£̫аգвԼҲѸٵĳ
вԼķ֮𣬻̫ۿɲС
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ǱԴʶҲܵˣʼһĹˣƴˡ
ÿһɱĺ̫Ԫϣҿ̫ȹ̣ҿԪǿһͱֲҪԪʶԪɢˡ
Ժ𣿡̫Ƶ뵽
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̫ķ֮رԴʶ
̫ҲɣԪܴ̫ıԴʶһһС
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ϵˣǲ㣬Ӳƴġ̫Ƶ
߹Լ͹һرԴʶûǻֻбܣδԲȻޱȡ
̫ҲϻѸٵرԴʼֲԼĿ
ģԼָ֪á
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еһĪǣһΣյĸо
һִ֮вУ̫ãԼһıԴʶ󣬴
ҪԼ˵Ļܻܵͷ
ʱ˵ļƻҲɱԴָѣԼȴǳ׵һʶܲһ
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ǽʱ䣬̫ϵɱԴֲԼơ
ʮʱ̫ѾĻָˣ˺̫ǳһѣΪӻԪ޽߲˰˲ĵز
һΪ;缸ƽˡ΢һ㣬ǰ˲Ķ壬ֻһܴﵽԪ޽ɾŲĵز


̫붨˹Լķ֮Ѿ׵ƿһ硣
̫һȫƿˡ
ƿصĸоԼ̫һ̫ܰѴںϽԼ̫硣
ھ粻㣬ںϻõı̫ͷ
ˣǰմǰ뷨ɡ
ʶԼƿأ̫ͨı仯򾳽硣
Ҫ֪ÿһʶԲ󣬶ǻԪ޼ɵĲΡ̫̫ſɳɳС粻һݻɳ
޼ɶ̫˵ǸܴĹؿҲˡ
ΨһѸͨķʽƿһ磬Լķ֮һʶ
ԪƿأԪ޼ںϣ̫ʹںϽСУͨСĽ򾳽硣
˺ѸٵͻƹؿﵽԪ޼ɵĲΡ
ˣ̫Ҳһʶ
ÿһʶȲϺҲһָڻħεĴڣ˴
ͲεĸҴ⣬ĳͷ̫úƽŸðһ
ҳɹˡ
նһ˿ʶʶܸŴĸˣƿһ硣̫뵽
һˣѾȫָΪ̫ʱֳһ˿֮飬ʼںϴ硣
˵صرԴʶںϺܼ򵥣οⱾԴռ
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ֻڴǰʶкܴ˲Ҫһʱۺͻָ
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Ϊ˸򾳽ģֵġ
ǰȻı仯仯ɣԼֽ˵⡣
̫ûı䣬һʶݱ䣬ֱΪʱ̡
ɲú
̫һⷽУѾԼ̫һˣκε⡣
̫˼һ޴©뿪ˡ
˵棬һµģû뵽֪δԲʶðһﵽѵĿġ
еķգһ󵨺
ʶĶԿԪ֮ĹΣհ
ҲˣǺԼǣرԴȻȥʶԿ˺ߣˡ


660 
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ԭ̫̫ǳҪһ㰡
˵ѣ˵ѣߣ˺Ͷʱеˡ
̫ʧˣ̫ǾһɵЦԼ̫δ档

ǸǸˣЩԼĿġ
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λѼ£ղŸ̫ǸЩ˴ĿģλѼ¡˸æǸ˺ͺͳɫÿεġ
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ȻˣþͲȰˣеĳŵȷΪ㵣ǣοҲ֪ĵģȷʺ̫ǾޣһǽĵؼˣȰ˵ãֻˡ

صͥķˣɻİԼ˵һ
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ͨ˵Ľۿĵ˵ͷ
ƣͰ˵İ죬Ůʥ˾鷳ˡۿ
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߲ƺ˶־һߺ


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ܸŲܺãļ̣ѵÿɹ󣬺ʺΪ֮
֪ԼΪͽ˽̽Ҳĸˡ
⣬˽̽ҲӦԣΪͽҲע
Ԫʼ£ȴǸݸţʮɣӡྫӡˡ̫ˡ鱦ʦ㷨ˡȺˡˡʮɡ
ԼԪʼεȼơ
⻹ϼ̣ӡ
ȼƵİʦԪʼһ󡣲ȼƣѣҶǧͣñΪѰ
ȼҲ˵ʥ˴ȱνΪʦǧͣʥ֮½ϣȼܰʥǴԵ
ȼ˵ˣԪʼȷϲӣһ֮󣬾Ͱˡ
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˶˽ΪŲʮɡ
⻹һĲľꡢ飬ׯۣԪӵıӻ֮¡
Ů洣徲ͽ̣ķơ
Ů洵бˣˡ

磬ΪŮʵ
ʥˡ
֮ǰɣĪҪ⡣Ů洴Ѷϵķˡ
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ãã飬Ϊˡ֮ˣк򡭡
һͺŮָһ㣬ǡ
ԼΣٲˡ
й¿ãǿԼ鱦򣬴ҲԸ
ʶŮ洴Ӧˣİɣʹ˺ͣӦ׼úԻǰȥ֤顣
⻰˵꣬˿ˡ
˺Ů洣Ϣȥˡ
̫صϺʱڸ档
ָһ㣬ԭ˺͵顣
̫磬˼˺һŵصѶ֪˰ɣ
š̫˵ͷ£Ǻ£˺עһ⣬й¿á
һ̾ȷ㣬ݷ֣˺Ѿͷ˶ⶰ
ĪҪģӦ㣬˺Ѿͷµģʱ˱һѾˣοܾ˱ϲݵľѷģо
̫˵꣬˵֤˿
ǰºһ棺ףǺ
̫һЦоƣô
ã˵ĸо
ָоͶˡ̫Ц
һΪӰأΪеһ֮£ǻ᲻ʡ£
ǺǣǱҪĽĪ˵ޣ׼ʥһܲסʥѾô̫ʵ
ֺ˼ڣζһãҲá


662 ȼƵ
̫ǣŮʥȻ١
˺͡ذݼŮʥˡһŮΪ
ֻŮ洵λĪҪ룬ʥж˺͵ѽͥȻ顭
ʥǰ֪˺͵ѿɴӦŮʵ
˺ͱͬˣ޷뿴ӣŮʥǰȻˡ
Ȼʥǰ˺ĪҫǴӦˡ˺͵
ƣŮĵ˵ͷ˺͵ѾܷģʥΪֻ񡣡
лŮʥˡ˺;ϲ
ƣ˵꣬Ůȥˡ

Ůߺ˺Ͷû뵽뵽ʥǰ˵ǰŮƺһʦá
ڲһˣʥ˸߸ϣԽ
ʥԸԼ֤飬ȷһ޴ҫ
Ϊˣ˺Ͷۿˡ

ɽʽʮΪͽԪʼڽͽ֮󣬿ʼ鱦ˡ
帻ԣĺܣֱϵõڶ鱦ԪʼƫԵʣԵǵĴо޴Ĳ
ϲĹӡ̫ˡȣÿ˺ü鱦Ƶĳɵ
ǻȣȼȴд裬ÿһͲˡ
㲻ƽĴ裬µļλĵеʧ䡣
ȼƣ˵ǲ̸κԪʼΪԼͨ˺ܶìܣʶĸоıˡ
ˣԪʼļλӶȼƶ̫ȼƵӲù
۵ĴɽìܣΪԪʼĵӵʰ̯ӣͷȴӣľ˭ܽܵˡ
аԪʼѹڵ䲻ȴҲʼڲķˡ
һԪʼҲˣֻû⣬оСìܶѣԼ⣬컯ԪοˣСȫӽȥĥһ˵
ò˵һ̫ĴڣԪʼиı䣬ƿ컯Ԫĵƶ˲١
ΨԪʼģͨһӣκµ̬ë׵ĹȻɽ̻
ҲȫԪʼľˣ̰ᣬĵ˳С
ͨ첻һн˶Ҳᣬֱľͺá
ͨڶ࣬õȴ࣬Щħͨº󣬸˼ˣиʥʦǽˡ
δ캦飬Զˡ
ʥ֮Ԫʼͨһ˳һ棬ԽԽԸˡ
źϵԽԽ̬ӵˡ
Ҳȡɳʥȱ㣬ĲԲʶƫ

ߣͨԽԽˣɽһʥصŪġԪʼʹͨ¡
ȼ߳ʦĪҪ壬ӵȲΪʦǣʵ
ȼƵĻϼԼʮɺӦ̫ˣǴǰô㲻ҪƤ
ǲ֪ȼƾʲô
ȼƴӺĩ𣬲ΣܵᣬĴսȵȣѪ߳ˣŲöˣ˱ȶá
άǿûʲôԡ
ʮãͱԪʼ£ʥ˱ӻĶҫģǲȼֲĴڵġ
ˣĲΪʦ⡣Ԫʼˣϲ𾴡
ķȼƵĻк˺ܶ࣬ȼƲǲǺúýһ£
뵽ˣԪʼҪһ
ȼƣ㡭
ʱȼ˷ܵһ̣Ȼ
үʹԪʼµͯˡ
ȼģ޲ǵͯۿʹˣˣ
£Ԫʼʵ˲ҪȼƵ顣
үأͯ˵
壬£Ԫʼһ
ɡԪʼ˻ֵ
ǣ

һˣԪʼʥ˺ӣȴʥǰ
ݣֱԪʼʻ󣬲ֱ
Ȼȼƣе߸ȼôʥ˵ĵվţ
Լûȼưɣôһ￴ԼĿⲻƣ
ΪԪʼʵ
׵Ԫʼʥˣжǧ󽫻̫˺Ů񹲽ʥʴȣʥݹ٣
˵꣬ϡ
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ʲô顢ػģԪʼһ㱡
ָһˣԭô£ͣȻݵ
Լȥȥ̫ݣŮ֤飬Ů洺ʹгԼʴȥɡ
֪ˣʱҲ̶ǰ°ɡ
Ԫʼһʱò׼⣬ֻð˵
ǣûָʥ˴Ӧ͵ˡ



663 ⰵ˫ƻ
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ԵĻΪˣ˵ǧԪᣬ˵Զ徹Ȼ˼ȡʶҪˡ
ֻһﶥĴܻʥˣ֪׺εԵʣȴǸ̾ˡ
̫磬һ
̫ȥģľȥһ˾ͺá
ңǰ̫µ̫ڷѿˡ
ǰе棬̫ȻԪһ¶ԭҪѿˡ
̫ӱ̫º̫һֱڴӷѿ
ͬɳֻ׶ΣһӵĽ׶Ρ
ڶʮƷ̨Ľ׶Σ׶ǳĽ׶Ρ
˵ֻҪʢʱڡ
죡
顢顢顭
һֻʵ˲˺󼫿ĳɳ
ֱ̨ʮƷ¶صĵϡ
жӻɫ̨ľɫ̨Ӻɫ̨ˮӰɫ̨Ӻɫ̨
ÿʮƷʮ˵Ӱƣȫ󣬾ǼƷ鱦ĲΡ
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ȲϺĵĴ̨ȴҲ١
̫ϸϸĹ۲һ֮ջʶ
δѿֻǽˣʱ򣬽Լ¶һλʥ˵ʵʱ
⣬ܻ̫磬ټԼСʶ̫Լ׻Ԫ޼ɵʱ̲Զˡ
˺ʱ¿̫ȫоʱմ󷨡
Ӧ컯þˣǱ鵢컯ѾˣԼĺá
δһʱĺ򣬶ԼͺģᰴƶļƻȥгԤƵ顣
Լעһ¾ͺãˡ
̫չش󷨵ʱ
һ֮أ½ѹɫأǻԪ޽ɵĻۺھ֤Ԫˡ
֤ħŵ˵ڵڶξˣȻϤĺܡ
ôʱĵȴ޷ǻ۶ѡ
аܿ˳Բ½ѹʼ֤ˡ
ȣ
𣡡
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ֻһռ俪ʼ顣
ʮ½ѹ֣ʼ졣
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½ѹ֤ǳɹģֻ;գЩ˳ɵ翪ٲҺǿﵽˡ
½ѹһ£ʼر罫ʱⷽ磬˳и
½ѹ֪֤úֻǰ֮أ޴ˡ
һһף˸ŹڰϢ
֣˭֤ˣѵϤļλħѾ˴ǰϤĵѣȻͱħԤƵһֶܶͨ죬δ׵̹ŵĸ£ߺߣ˼ˡ
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ͬʱ
һĵصԨС
ֻջԶԱѹ˵ص棬Ҫˡ
мһЦ䲻֪ǺεȴڣǼùģñ㣬ֱĪ˵ģİɣҪˣԱչʾˡߣ
䲻Լǰ֮ƵļһǺˣ
ȻԼԼںĺϣֱܡ
˼ùļһȻ룬ǿЦ
룬ĪҪ֪ôԴ𣬲ҲһѹˣҿһЩرԴɾͻԪ޽ɵĵλѵѹô𣿡
⻰˵꣬ȻЦˣ
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˽ı֤زؼùݾܿóûԼǿ󣬷ںĺ绽ˣĶ棬˵ʲôҪҴ𣿺ߣ
ڽŭУֵʱʲô𣿱µĲ࣬ѵ͵ƽˣհ㿴Σ

˵ȥˣĵҪ̫ܽͺƤӡ
֪Լ˵ˣ뿪ǰںһк֣ǲˡ
뵽̫ͺԼһ뵽ơ
ĵʥ˳ںԼһᶼûˣ߰ɣ޾С缴쿪ʼܣԼ磬߰ɣ
ڵġһݻ󣬽ˡ
벻мĿһۣ㣬ߣҲһŵò¶ͷĻɫñ泼㣿㵱ǵ𣿡


664 ֻ
ڳӵһｩʬһ󣬷ԸС¡
ʥ˲ϳ֪Լ뿪ʱ̵ˣĲԼݺĵط
СԼȥĵط
ż˱ѹ룬ͷ˵ǡ
Զ׼˱һͨ뿪ˡ

ͥ
һϲ
ۿ쿪·ӵ˽Ϊ˺͡
ʥûԸµȴǴ
ںĴȴңԸˣơ
ǰʥܵһвⶼʥ˾Լûʥˣе
֪ΣյѸٵķ˻ƶ󷨱չز
ۿĻò֮ڤӵ˵Ŀ˲ˡ
磬ƵСǸûᡣõ˵
ţۿǾȥɱǺƣ򲻿ϳڲ
á
뷨һҲоǻᣬۿԼֵʱ̡

ۡ󵽣
ʱ
˵Ŀ⣬ʼۿ˺ˣ鿪ʼˡ
˵Ůʥ˽ή٣ǲ
Ȼʱ

ۿС֮գȻ壬ǲǿǡ
Һãǲһʶ㲻룬ҲˣǲǺܸӣ
һѪɷֻ֮ʮ׳ˡ
ʱܼˣкϷԿˡ
ѣ˼æסҪߵĶʣ̣̹ȥǱڵۿѵΪء
˵꣬һɫЦǺǵķףǺǣλǰԣͻˡ
νֲЦˣҲģ˵⣬Ǹоһȭ޻ϡ
Ϊ屬ըƻأеʧ
ߣһʱˡ
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˵úúã˵С壬ۿɻ飬ûбʾ˵岻ʧ
ףףڵ
׼ˡֻףһЦкȻһֻ
ۿɻ̫ˣҲû׼·Ͽֻ⼦䣬Ҿ;Ϊ񣬲Ҵ˵ȵļãҲǣʩչͨ⼦ȣǶȵļǲǺܰ
ף˵ꡭ
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οһǧԪԽԽˣһľˣ廹塣
ǹ巭ãΥĵĻͲǡ
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˺Ҳ޵ˣƻԼĻ񣬲ˡ
ڴܴ㿴֣սʱ
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Ů洵ĵʱóһ
ˣסʥǰսɣ
ޱȷʵ˿Ůʥ̫ʱˡ
μŮʥˣ
μʦ塭
μ
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ۿлŮʥǰ֤飬¡ۿһл
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޷֤ԲԸʥҲΣȻ㿪ʼɡŮ洵
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ߣˡߵ
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ʥڴˣʱ˰ɣǿ˵
⣿ףڵȺܲģȴҲ޷

һߣڵۿ˺һʽ֮
ϣۿ˺ͣиزԲ鲹ȫأҵۿ˺ͣΪ֤飬ؼ֤
ϣŮиС飬ؼ֮
¡¡
˵ɣֻؼһɫĹۡ
һɫԵ߷ͷǵۿ˺ͣиӦǣӵΡ
Ů洵ĺһ֮ϡ
˺ֵ棬Ҳǿ۽硣
ĽĻǹ£һʽɺֻĹۿ˺͡
ն
ն
¹ඥиӦ˲䶼ն˶ʬ
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⣬ԵԼŮ洣һõ˲ٹ¡
һȡ


665 Աȵ˺
лʥˡһᣬȹһ󣬵ۿŮ洵
޷Ȼ㱾ʥҲҪ뿪ˣˣ˱ʥϲ˵°ɡ
ֻŮһ֣һ˺͡
ǸлһŮ뿪ˡ
ʥˡ
ֱŮ뿪˺һᣬ˲ŶԵۿ˺Ϳʼ
ʵĵۿʼۿʮˣʮ˺ǿǣ浱Ӫͥġ
ֻҪʮײʩչʮɷ޾ʮס
ۿֱ˴ˣˡ
ֻ󣬵ۿһ֣û뵽λ׵ǰǰǱʧˣǰ͸һλһôѣԸһ£ҪҲΪѣô

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˻ۿװͿⲻǿλλ𣿾͵ӣҪǲԸ⣬͵û˵ˣ
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ʶܣζû޽ɵģ˴һܡ
ܲһٶת־޴ѹȸС
˵СУ͸ͬѹܣҪԾһԼ
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ҲһЩԼΪ˶ٵģǼλִܸġ
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ھųɾŵĺ飬ֲ֪̫Ǻεȴˡ
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´޺컨ģһʱε̫֪
ˣӡ౦ǲ֪̫ģԭʼҲ¶˵
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ڤӻˣ㲻
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ãɱȻϵģ˵زɾȥĺáݺɫ͵һ䡣
ʱ

ֻһצźƶ

һ㶣צ֮ĸе˵ΪԶԼնȥʬĴڡ
Σˣֶ㲻ƴȻˡ
һҽУɳȥ
ƣ
ড



666 

˭͵ϮԼˡ
ԩ޳𣬺ιʶҴ֣ףԼӮġ
նȥʬˣֻնȥһʬԼûһİա
ĻȴЦˣƾ˵ԩ޳𣿡

һԩ޳ǰ֪ñʦʧ˳ʥĻᣬô㾹Ȼ˵ԩ޳ɡ

оɵ̸ȥȻ˵Լԩ޳Ȼԩ޳
㣬Ʊȷ
žɢ«һĺâҴ⣬ʦȫ
ǿΪƾĶ֡

һߣ
ɽ׼ͽļһһǣһ
Գʥǵһĸо
ڤڱʥ˵ݣԵֵо޴ݡ
磡׼όʵȴֹ
ףǰѺĻᣬȫԪСС׼ʥնȥһʬķɣܳܵǺǾͽˡ
ƣ׼˿´硰屬ơ
Ϊ˻̫ˣɾʥλλ
ֻֻܺк˲õĽʽ
Ϊˣ׼ͽʼȫԪеķɡ
һֱβƵڤӺõҲˣԭԼһ뷨Ļ
ݴսƻȻˣΪǰƵʧȥ˴Ե
Ѻƴɱ˶մ˵˭ʺϴɱƣֻ
ô죿õʵ
ڤ˼ܱ𼱣ͺƴսһ׼ʱǳ֣һ˺ѸٵĲסõ󣬾Ѫҡ
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õ˵ǵ磬Ȼᾡٽҹζ࣬ʥãʥ˲ݷ֣ǾûлˣʥҲȡ
ףһѸٻɱƣ˺סȡ˾Ϳߡڤӵ
á
ֵܴ˺󣬿ʼѰһˣѰҸһĻᡣ
ǣĻһˣħ޲T
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ƾ㡰ɵ
̳֮ԴĺƣȻĺ޲T
ܾǰ޲Tδǿʱ򣬾ѾںԪħˡ
ƾΣһ̣޲Tһ㶣̾ϢУΪ˻֮Դӱ׷ɱߣҲҪˣҪ㳹𡣡
ƣ޲TֱӿƵĴڣֶֻͨθıĴڡ
ֱӿƵĻ˵޲Tϣٵӡ

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Ȼ̫
ͺͺ˵ˣƵĺҲԼŵģ͵źˡ
̫ˣãõķʽһ˿л
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㣡
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ϣѾѹˣնȥʬƲԶˡ
οɲǼ򵥵նȥʬǿһǿ
뺣ΪΪ޾ڰĴڣõڤԴԻ
ǿĹ鱦ǣǿͨΪ͹ܵġ
䡪һѪˡ
ûзģоһ˿ܴѡ
漴һĻ׵ľˡ

ಣ
ԪͰ˫Ȼ֣ҵԪɢ
ڤӡ
ƴû뵽ڤӾȻҲУԼ˵һ̣ԪֱӻԼһֱӱ顣
ҵڷԼԪ
һ̣Լˡȴ룬ҵķԪ񣬼ӵķ޲Tµħ
ɽˮĵزһη֪ҡ
޲Tᣬỹһ˿Ļᣬ˵
ȻǾͱɣ
䡪
ĺһΪԼǷµ̫ˣĳ尡
ֻˣһ˿ıԴͺ˲̫˵ĺ«ʣԪԱˡ
ۡ
׼ͽںԱһ̣һʥѪ³ʥˣ˳ܣⶼЩǳܲס
ó档

ҺõȥˣóƵˡ
ʦû°ɣΪ߹׼Ľ׼ɫƣԼһģˣǵʵ
ۡ׼³һѪºܣȴҲЦȿȡȿȡֳǲǷˣȿȡ
һĵǰǷˣֻҪٳܷųǰֵܽѺչʱˡ
һߣ
Ÿոտʼ



667 ڤ
Աһ̣뵽˴ǰ«ʱ̫˵Ļ
Ѿû·ֻ
Աʹ󲿷Ԫһ˿Ǻͺ˾žɢ«
һû뵽ڤҲˡ
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壬ԪӺŮ洶СǷֿ˾ͺ˵ˡ

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ֵϷҪע㣬Ҫ̫ϺϾǵĵֻҪϷǰأϺĵòҪ֣⣬Ϸķһ岻Сﰡ
ڱǰȫݣ޴ΨһҪעǵµˣǣ˵ĵ֮ȫıġ
ţʦ˵öԣʥ˿Щطٳɶ࣬ǻĵҲĵطǿϣǾȫƿˣʱٳɶ̶һ֦㡣׼˷ܵ
ֵ̫ܶɻĪ
ԭ켣е̣׵ƿϷϺҲǵΧ
һ̫ڣ֮һЩı䣬ıĵط˺ܶࡣ
ԭ켣Уܶණܶ˺ϲԵʱʱԽġ
һΣԪ̻붫紦ԪأĴȻˡ
ܸɵԪʥ˲ɣ
ԣһҪ˺ܶ࣬Ҳͺܾ֮ǰ׼κģһΣԵĴ˵
Եһٺûֹ
˺״ֱ̫ѹʮꡣ
ҡԵˣ˺ܶ࣬ͬԪӵĴڣҲС˺ܶࡣ
ɲԭ켣ԭ켣мֱǻĶĶڣĶºƶԵĴ˵
һΡ
ϺǲˣϷ룬ֻһϷ˭ϵı
ò˵ֵ̫ܼ˺ܶࡣ

һߣּңķ׷š
ԭʼû뵽ôѸˣ̫ˡ
Ȼŵڼ䡣
塢ԪӡļλŮԼ壬Ȼյ˺ٻ
⻹ǵϵ֮󣬵һٻǡ
һ󲻰ѵʦˣԼֵܵķּҾٶʦˡ
Ų˸
ŮԪӵȴ֪ٻΪΣ
ã
һʱԪӡŮ洡λҲˣǰࡣ
ΪԼֵأ
Լ

λʦ֣λʥˣλѣүôҽȥд˵
ۿʺܽţȫʥˣȻ£򵥰



673 ܣ׼
һ߽󣬺Ȼˡ
ǰɲ⣬Ϊʥ˵ǣȻ֪γֵġ
μ棡
μʦ
һ˲ΰݺ󣬺ŵټǰָǰŮ洳ʥ活죬Ϊȳʥʱн֮ȴδأ
һϯһԭԼ˿أͺ˵ˡ
ΨۿƣغԼкιϵԼͲʥˡ
壬֣̹ԪͥӦʮ죬ΪԲֻ֮ͥʮ죬֮죬Ҫ˿٣Ѻֲʮ֮Բ
ǣʦ
ԼۿԼνˡ
ʦ򵥣ӳפ𣿡ʵϲפ졣
裬һͿɣ̳ʥ贫壬ģֻ·ͺá
˿
ʦֵ֮죬˹ϽԪʼʵ
ɲԼغƹܡ
Ҳǵۿ֪ġ
֮죬ƿؾͿɣʥ岻ء
˵꣬⣬ۿˣԼֻԼ֪ͥԲҪ¿죬֪ԼһѣԼʥǸġ
ֶԪӡ׼ҲˣпأһͿɣ˺ΪĲ׳ġ
ǣ棨ʦԪҲͷ
ˣȥɡ£˵ʥ뿪ˡ

ӺȻʵʦǰ䣬ʧʦǺʧˣ
꣬˶𾪣ϢҲ֪
ǰݲ֪ȥˡ
һû뵽λʥ֪˼һоҲ޷
Ȼ̫Уȿɻ󣿡
⣿ʥˡ
Ȼˣ֪õģ˵ǵˡ
뵽֤ʵʱǻˡ
ԪӺŮһЦʦ棬õҲ͵˵һǿ˺þá
ļλʥȴе㲻һʲô֪
һʥ˵ĳʥ֮˭õأ
ǣ׼ˣʦǺԵã֪Ҫƶ񤣬ֵΪŻѪ磿͵ҪӣҲΪջָԪ
º޸飬ֹƽô޳ܵĻҲе㲻ϲˡ
ԪӺŮȴֱŭˣ׼ôĵӣʦľҲҹܣߣʥĿˣʼſˣƶһʦôĵӡ
ʦִ׼󵨣˺ʥĸڡŮ洺ԪӶݺݵĿ׼ᡣ
׼޾壬ȷҪԼһҲ鰡
λĪҪᣬʦΪ˺룬ûɵ͵ľλˡһɬ
ȴ΢ЦĿ棬ɣʹ򣬶Ǻö
ĵۿеˣ˵ģ˵ġ
ˣɺͳ
һԣ˶ʱеһѹɨô
̫Ѿòȥ̫̣̫дںģ־ɸġ
˵˾䡰˻
Ϊ̫վ
ʵȶΪκ̫õԼ춨ʥˣƹܺĵģΪκȥԼܾ
Ǿ仰ʥǶ̫Ŀ־嶼Ǽ˺ܶࡣ
ںǰִ̫ӵк
ʱܴҲĺܶĵۿ͵صûκľߵּ⡣
ʼƨˣ̫ͺõһ棬հһ棬һ棬ڵһ档
ʥŭѹѹƵĻֻ֣̿ȵҵȽּ⡣
ɢ˰ɣ쿪Ϊ˵֪꣬뿪ˡ
ʥŬ̽ô뿪ģûһ㷢֡
һ֣ǾͲǿ󣬲

׼ᣬһսʦ𣬶ҪƤԪںߺ󣬶˵ֱԼս
˭Ȱס˵ʱ򣬡ѣŵѵļᶨ֮ǿñʥĸ컯ָһ¡
Ů洶˵ֱԪһˣֵܵĵ
ۿˣ¹ȻֱӵԼս̫ˡ
ʥ˳ˣȻǵǿʥУǿĵӡ
ңԪӺŮʥ˶ʥˣԵ𾴺ά
кܶŵġ
һ˶Ե𾴰𾴡
𣿵ܽʥ𾴣˵ʥڵǰ˰
ҪǵӳʦԪӺŮʥ˲ɣ
ۿԼִˣǵ𣬻ѹĵĴڡ

ۿ˷ˣ׼ͽˡ
΢һôôҵķӦǶѵһҲûãͲܴɱң
תһ룬ԪӺŮǿģǿά𣬿ǰûһ˿١
ƽѲⰡ
鷳ˣ׼ͽһۣ̽ˡ
Ҳʼ¶̫ˣĵʥòеſˣԵʦ𾴾ηСˣΣյźţҪע㡣

һң̽ĲԼֵܣһǵùźá
ңԪӺŮٶʾ˲Ͱ̫ˣĸϡ
ԣ˵壬Ŀֵܣֺ²ܴҪȥ


674 ʥ
Ԫǿǿ
ȳȾ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪Ӵһȡ
ŹȼϵģټһȳһȳȣǷˡ

ʦǺã׼όʵ֪Լˡ
ʦ³çˣ㡭епԣԪӺŮ˵ˣ˲ɣ˵ĺδ档
ôʦ֣׼ʡ
ֻһһˣҲܿǵʵ㿴ȳضǴǰŮ洽ʱµġ
˵׼һ£ͷȳˣʣһԼҲҪȳȰɣ
߰ʦܣҪ㲻ġ
ã׼ȥˣҲãȻƴһѰɡ
ʱԪӺŮѾڵȴˡ
ѣ룡Ů˲˽
λѣᣬαһֵܲɵҴʦܸΣܲء
ߣ˵ϻˣɾɣǸ͵Ǹʲô˵㣬ϻ˵һپԪӲĵ
Ƕ޵żһһֱף˳ʦ
ԪӺŮ洰˵õģ̽һ˵ֶΡ
ʴˣĲġ
̫Ԫ̫׼̲סˣʦֶˣԪӻġ
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ʦ֣Ȼ㲻ģҲ˵ϻˣһǣʱҪλѵ͡׼ȥˡ
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ŮҲʼ׼ˣǰ򾭹֤󣬹ϴһ飬
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˵Ľǳ
ʶŮʩչ컯ĻȪ죬ȪۣܿƽĽ
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һߡ
ԪѾ׼ύˣϣԪӾѹ׼ᡣ
׼ܴ߱Ҿ۵ķǿԪӺط£׼ȻӦ
׼׼ңֻܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
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еڵ£ӵķ࣬׼ṥǿҲԪӷֺ
ԪӵĹȴÿ׼Ծͷ
һ߹ս壬Ĳ͵ľ棬˻Թ˴˵ͷϣȻҲ޽
׼ʵǵԤ֮ڣͨὣԪʼ̹ᦣѹ׼ᡣ
׼նȥһʬʥȻԪɵѹŴһӦ˵ľ档
Ů洺ͽĴս˺𺳡
ԪÿһԼԼԺκһ
ǺŮ컯֮սģѹʩչĽŮ洵ǿ֪
Ԫʼͨ뵽ˣĿӵȣеˡ
˵ԼѹŮ洣Ԫ͵ϮԼá
òƲŮôǿãôѹŮأ
Ԫʼͨ쿪ʼˣӱĺΣԪӣѹԪǿ϶ġ
һǿֻǴûʵսѣʩչԪҲἬ֡
ֻ˵صĺ

Ů洵ѣȻ㲻ģƶˡ
ȻеŭĽʩչˡ
Ů洶һ㶣ԭղŷǽǿһ棬Ȼڱ
Ȼ򵥣ǰ컯Ԫĥܿó
ȻֻʢһȦȦĽɹ״ȥƵ
ǴԲĽҽӿʼ֣˲ͷ۵ģ
ɲͨͷۣǶʵȵľͨ˽ѹ׵ľС
ǽӸ
֮Ů洣˲еˣͷ۵Ľֳķÿһ鱦ȫѺܾô
ѾԶǰĲˣŮ벻ġ
ѹƵľ棬ȻʵսУ˲תˡ
ãȻǿ󣬿Ů컯չ鲻ʺŮҪˡԪʼ
ȷŮ洵ΪǿȴûƿֶΣŮ洵һǿĹ˵ûпҲͲϲ£˭κβ˭ľ档ͨ
Ҳ˵ͷܴݴŮ洵ʮƷǿƲŮ洵ѵķġŮ洵ҲƲķ˵ⳡ򶷽ƽָա
㼺Ů洺ͽˡ
ǣƺŮʦġ
̫͹עˣСòֶѣ׷Ź⡰ˡ
ǿ鱦Լв٣ǾŮͽһѰɣ



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ֻһɫӺĶ˲ɹŮ洵ǰ
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ŮͽǺߣ˵һ̹ŵΪʦģ˱רſƷǿ鱦ӵ籦˺߾ǡ˱̹̹ǿ졮𡯣ʤڿٻ磬֮ǿ˱ǹơʤƷŴ˱汾ѵһ
Ů洶ʱˣһԵĽˡ
ֻһȶһɫĳӳŮǰ
˲ʱӿǳӵһ̣ʱʧߣ
ʲô
ߣ
ˣһ˵һЩ̹ᦶ档
ڴˣû˵˭ߡ
Ů洵ľٶˡ
ֻŮߺźһݣлʦ𣬵ӱضʦʧ
һ仰ˡ
ǵ𿴵ýû취ʼƫˡ
Ȧˡ
ǰҵС֣
û뵽̫ˣֻһȼӲᣬǰŮ洵ìܣмСҲ˳Ӧģɱõ˭ǵĵӣĪֱԴСˣҲ֣ͽԻ汾ߣ
һߣبžһĽʱɢˡ
̫չʾһʵһСʥ󽾰ˡ
ȻһߣڤڤжĽεǿ嶼ͷʹɾǱһˡ
غ֪׼е־ˡ
ԪӺŮ˷ˣʦˣͺðˣ˽󲻸ɡ
ֳֺߵŮ洣ʱеһױȵȻ
ŻʧĽʥĸ֮ΣϽ׼ãͷ۽ʦĺ
ޣ⻹ʡ
һˣԼĽкãԼΪļ
һ̹ᦣͨĽߡӲ㣬û̫ûӴ
⣬۵ǹԼĿ
Ψûһ˿İա
ڶûط˵ȥղԼʩչѹ׵ľУŮռˣ˵˾Ͳóˡ
ܺڣŮȴһҪʦķԸ
򣡡ŮѾʾˣҲ±˵͵Ϯ
ûˣֻܵ
ͷ۵ɽ֡
ӲǰŮһ
̣䡪
Ȼһ½ٰȻˣǳѺۣ˺һˡ
ߵĹ˵ܶ࿪ģͰţܲܣ֮޴ɶݡ
͡
һкǿĹ˲ˣ˵Ĳᡣ
ʵǿŮ洣ڵõǿ󣬿ʼɨһˡ
ʥĸ۸㣬ٽһʹ˽ᣬʦҲͬ⡣Ů洵
Ǻ֮ˣû̫ýû취ԲʦҲ˼ѵԲѷһپͿɣûҪնɱ
Ů洺˿ΪŮ洺ԼѪƴء
ͺá
䡪һ޴Ĺߵǿһʥ
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ҪĳŮ洵Ҳܴ󣬵ôף׵ʥû˿Եֵ
αƽĽɫˣ϶е㲻ȡ
һߣ׼ͻͷˣ鱦ȲԪӣΪȲԪӣֻбѹķݡ
ͷıԪһμǷ֮еʧ䡣
ԪӼˣҲٴˣѵѾˣǿȥĺܡ
ԪҲ档
׼Ϊÿʦ
û˭ˣ˵üˣ׼ǵʦ
Ԫ׼֡һǰ̬ȣǿһʦһΣѹʵһʱ䣬ǿһʦһΣֱѹʵһ󡭡

ˣͷֵһ󰵵ù
Ҷ˲ԣл顣չĺһ㣬̫½⡣
֪ͺáһȻ̫ڹע
Ů洷Լеĺ߲ܿƵķˣʧ䡣
Լ̫ǿˣչ鲻Լġ
ƺ̫Ů洵飬ִŮ洣ʬһʱ԰Ѻߴ㡣ڸ׼ȲƽӵǿԺԿ˷ת߲ݡʬһһ죬Դ㡣
̫˵ʧˣǰûһ
ǣ
̫ĻŮ˾޴ڴ
׼Ҳ˿ҺõǹģҪŮ洳д˱ûˡ
еɻ
ΪԼҲȴûкǿ
ⲻӦðԼǿĽ
ǵһοʼˡ
ѵʥ˺ͻԪ޽ɶԱȣмĲ࣬˵˵еĵԲôҪ˵ԼԲҲ޷Բʩչ
忪ʼ˼ˡ
׼ûճ˼
߰ɣȹˡ



676 Ӻ
ͥЦݵĵۿˡ
ڸ߲ǰܵǣǵٻΪΣǣЦĻǷˡ
ʵеܵĵۿǲҪˣ֮Ǻ£ʴ˴ǳˡ
ۿֵͥʮвԲʥؿſɣǲƿصģһʥԼǵʱ赣Ǿˡ
˲Եĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ֮λʥ˿죬ֱǣ̫徳졢徳졢徳΢졣
ͥϺ˺Ȼֵ֮ϣΪʮ족Ҳд졣
ˣΪʥ˿ʼͥˣ
ؿʥˣֻһնʬ˺ͲܲˣͥȻ
ͬʱλʥ˺ԪʥˣҲ˻еء
׼ͽٵһΪ죬Ϊ졣
ԪӴ񿪱ٵȴǶ졣
ˣλʥ˶ǵأһ֣ٵ䲻ǻԪ֤
ǿٵĿռ䣬Ҳܽеΰ˹ʹúΰ
һʥܸˣÿÿʹΰʵڽ
ãչʾʥ˵ǿοȴǱһ档
ڶԸʥ˶ʱȫԽٵڵΰʱʱ̿̽úΰ
ٺ
λʥ˿ʼͽˣͨн࣬ԼΧǽؽµĵӣ״ŵļ⣬ȴǽ
ӺԪʼȴȻȻֻһԪʼһʮɣӼӶѡ
ƺߵľɵ·ߣġ
λҲˣ״ӻЩ̺ȴ˺ܶˡ
Ԫһˣ״ֻһˣʣǱӻ֮ڡ

ʱţת˲Ԫʱ䡣
Ժ˵ʱ΢ų壬˵ǣټӴڵĽ𵤴֮󣬼Ԫʱ䣬αչصġ
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ǿߺǿ츳õģǵһʮˣѽɲĲΣϡгϡˣҪնʬˡ
ûĸǵĺһԽԽǳһ족ģȻƽǿ
ıܶ࣬ҪõȺǲܻᷢġ
ϾѪԵʹУѪԵʹС˵Ҫ𼸺ܡ
ʹĽޣ컯ǣӰ£м澳ġ
ĸԽԽˣ޽ɾͽˣ̫ҽ򣬽߽
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㣬һСͻˣ˵ĳͻ
ףڹȻƢȫ˺ץЩŮӡ
ֹˣŮ洵ֹˣ˵õŮʥĸŮʥĸ̣Ψһǣľ塣
Ҫ̫ˣŮʥĸŭעΪʾӣŮʥĸΪʥĸϾһûľŮȫĸ鶼ˡ
˵˵ģ̸̸
֪ǿΪһΣյᣬ徹ȻûԼôԵ
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ռ˵壬Ͼĸ壬ʸǿǿ϶ġ
ŮҲϲԼһǸǿߣǱǿŮ˼޸ˣŮȴϲ޸ӡ
Ҳܱ˵ɣҪǷָ⣬Ůӡ
̹ʧĵȫǸĸģĹš̫šԶʱڣĴڡ
ڵ飬˳Ů
˵£İᣬ̡ԴŮ֣ȺսĵһԴ
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ҲȺΣʼ׷ƶһЩأȺŮޱȺˡ
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⵼£һЩȺŮԺܲ⣬߲ǰֻ·һŮԵĲ⣬һȻѡ㲻Ҳû취Ϊء
⡭
ܶȺ壬һοǱ֮ǰСǿп޵ĴڣξȻ̸ˡ
˵̸кαóĽ̫ˣŲԪʱ䣬徹Ȼչôǿˡ
ǵȺĸǾԪᣬһٲչġ
ʹޣǱܴ
ȻǾã֮㣬ҪĹŮʥĸıӻͱˡ
Ů洵ʬִ֮ʬڱӻһԪ뿪ˣܷչ񣬵ȷŮ洵ҪҲ벻ǵŬԼصӰ
ֻŬȻıȺ˶ѡ



677 
ͬڴڼ䣬̫Ľڷѿˡ
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ڴǰ䣬һʱƿһС磬̫ľѾﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɾŲĵزΪһˣҲˡ
̫ǰĹؿǻԪ޼ؿˡ
ؿҪԽ̫ʵҽʽں
ӿٵʱ͵õˣһֱûƿعڵҪΪһʱˡ
ǰֻ̫Ǵֻк͵ˣĳɾΪĻʱ̫ͨҪһ
̫оԶˣǷСʶʽɱһʱ򣬾ԼܸԪ޼ɵʱ̡
ǰðպֵã˽ͷ򣬱ԼһҪǿ˺ܶܶࡣ
⼸ԪУЩ⣬鷢
磬ˣԪӺŮ洽ѵһٺ˺ʧһ
˺˴̼һʼ׳̣ǿʼմǰָļƻš
ȳ׵ռ˳Ԫе̣Ϸͱչ
̵ķչǺϰĳͻӾˣΪ̺ʹ̣ȻҪԴ顣
˿̵飬ų֣Ҫ׳󣬰ǰ·塣
׼ͽǿƵĶˣûʥ˵壬λʥ˵Ķ֡
ڴڼ䣬˻̸߲ɱֻ򲻵һУϲ
һֲҺλʥԣֻţϾԽԽˣʱλʥΪУ޴Ϊ
̵ᣬʥ˳ǣη嵽⣬һжų޵ķչ
ܣǵ̻˵ǵĶҲ̡ؽ̵̡ĴʼԽԽˡ
ʥ˴ڣǲԼռôĵֻ̣Ҫ⼸ɷչͲɱĺԼֶԿ
һѭľ档
Ī˵ơ
ʥҲƣ壬һĴڣȻռôĵ̣طԼɵķչ
Ҫʥй涨ɱС飬ܰԭʼ׼ƢɱĴӪˡ
ʥ˱ϻΪģֻܿ˺ȥᣬȥ
ǵϸ˵СĺܣɳһǵˣǲҰִ򲻵ãɱɱá
סԼʥǵĶԿԽԽˡ
ˣĹŵİ塢塢ȣҲʼĳûˡ
ʥ˰עˡ
ϵĴڣ˭ǣʥҲ֪ûǱѹˣ޾ǰԼһԴˣĴڡ
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ûʸˣʸ˵
һƾֶ˴ʱʸˣҪһ
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ʢŭͨ죬ĺüɱ˼λֽѵµ뿪ˡ
ʸӵˡ
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ưô꣬ó׵׵չʾһˡ
ľ
塢һ塢塢塢˽̡̡ؽ̡̡̡סˢˢĵǳˡ
֮ҪĺʷʫĻˡ



678 ж
ͥ
¶𣿡ʱƣҪ˺ͣǵĿŵۿʵ
˷İɣ¶ˣкܴİգΪǼĺӣҲҪ֤һˣذ챻ˡۿ
˺һǣǣΪβѡһƢһʥˣΪҪԪʼʥԣ
ԭѹȵĺܣǰ˵ģʥĸƴʥͬھľС
ΨûչʾǿһֱǶսҪչʾһˡ
ֻʥ˿ĵ̺ͲǣǲŻһڣĴԣѿ
ìͬѶΪҪ̵Ԫʼ𣬽ԪʼΪ˴̣ڶ裬ʮλӼ̳ʦĽȫû忴
ʵˣʥ˳ûҪ忴
ìܣʮλԪʼΪԶԶȴɱֻֿ֣ס
˺ʮλԪʼµӣ᲻ʹȥ鷳
ȻҲ˵鷳Ϊ˴̣ܺϡ
˵ۿԪʼһһС֮
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رԴӣ⼸Ըۺ˭
徹ȻҪˡ
ۿһ̾˷ҺͿʵˣìľԪʼʥˡܲΪȥһûжìܵʥ˰ɡʤˣԪʼʥ˵ĽԸ񣬷ԵĴѹǣѺǷʱȫѹ֤ǿ󡣡
˺һ㶣ǣԪʼԸ񣬵ȷٷְٻᷢ
Ԫʼʥ˳׼ǾͲ˵ˡ
ԪʼʥΨһѡ
˺͵ǵǶսаԪʼʥ˿̹ᦵģ
˺ʣۿȻЦˣ
Цʲôʱ۸ң˺ͽ˵ͨۿЦ˺ܶ࣬ôЦ˵аհ
֪ǵͥʱ𣿡ۿʡ
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֪飬Ϻǲ֪飬Ӧ컯飬컯ԪϺ컯һԪ¼λӵ컯ͷ鱦˰ɣۿ
⣿˺ˡ
鱦ģֻеǵ鱦Ż컯ͷ컯ͷģûһ򵥵ġۿ
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˺鲻Խ˵ǿ
˺ˣֲ÷ôģз˵󷨼ϵ컯飬Ԫʼʥ˵ĵ
ۿĿ˺͵˷İɣΪδĺӣǲðյġһǵĺӴһƬգǲûһۣһǵĳɳѪҰɡ
˺͸жˣرס˵ۿ
˭뵽һ䶯ĵ¼ӵʼġ

ڡ
磬ǴɱλԪʼʥ˵ĵ𣿡̫һʵ
ֱվ˳
ʱ£ǺԪʼʥ˽𣬲ܴɱʥµӣǽѵһٺǵ鱦Ϳɡôҹ۲Ԫʼʥ˵·֣󡯵ˣᱻίȥԪʼʥǵġбԪʼʥ˵Ը񣬶ʱǵļƻͳˡյ˵
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߲ЦˣȷԪʼʥˣλʥ˵£еȷ̫ˣݰĺܡ
Ҫûʥ˳ͱпĺĽɱˡ

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679 ʥ
Ԫʥ˽̵Ԫʼ¹ӡྫӡ񶦡̫˵ȣ̫ҽɵΪ
֮Խ죬ԲԽԽ򵥣ټͳĵʦǽĺܿ졣
̫µӣĺ;ǽһϸ񣬼ѹΪ
ԪʼҲǵͳ̫µҪ˺١
ô˵ʱҪ˺ܶࡣ
̫Ǹʱѹơ̹־ѹƣټûйȫԼ򣬻Ĺ̫ʱڣܼѡ
˿̲һˣȫ̻ˣֹ;ĸǰˣֻҪͰͿɡ
еʧĿ죬ɾС˺ܶ࣬Ҳ߹µĲɸġ
죡
йӴһˣʼ̵
̳ԪʼĿ̰࣬˵嶼̫࣬ĵԪӣ̫Ĳϲˡ
ʥ̫̰壬ƺҪĹҪһ
ȫĹ̫ʱڣʲô˶Укݺģġ
ʱʲôУ˿֮Ϊÿ̰Įˡ
ǲǰ̫żʶɨģѾвˣΪκθ鶼ûУˡ
ΪľĹͷͨ
˵ʵ̫ļһ̰ˣġ
ʲôν̫Ի˶
Ϊ棬󲻾
ŪҲգǻزľģź˾ͲС
ֻԽԽԶҪôħҪôɷ
뵽ˣħʢҵģѵˣҪôҪôħˡ
ĹӵˣʦķԸΪ̽壬öŪԪʼλԡ㳯ݡ
ԺΪԪʼˡ
һ޿ֵ߽һƿصĵ򣬴˵Ŀʼˡ
߾ˣӪ뿪һ̫ҽɲεĴ˵
ӵȴǳţ˴λʦʦܵλǿֿʼˣˣ治֪ҳ˵뿪ʲôİ壬ҿҲ
ྫЦ˵Ķԣҵʥ£ں壬Ƥë׵Ķˡ
˺ˣ˵ǵǵģҪ¾ͺãְǸ߶ѣҲбΪΪʦ˵
ţʦλʦܵ
ʶأʼʩչۣ̽ˡ
ȻһǴˡ
Ϊ˲֣ǽ֮ǡ
û뵽βһ˸۷ͨͨʱֱӱһ޴İƴһ

á
һҽУ˭Ҳû뵽ľ棬һ˽ӿ
ӵ˴ĵǲһ˿ΪǸԪʼˣȻʲôĵ
򲻻֪ᴫġ
Ʒռĵйƻĵá
ֵĴҪۼ֮أʥ˵ţ˺ʼ÷ƻ´
Щôô󣬲ȴúܶ߹ԪʼʥˣΪʥˡ
ڴ˵ܼ֮أʩչͨڿ÷ľ档
⵹ãտʼͱһ
ͷ΢Ƶļ˶ʱջˣԼĸ군ˡ
һƴӿ֪
˭
һ˭ó֪޾塣
һ͹زֵǰԭˡ
Ҳʥ£˴򲻹ҪҪ֪˭ԼȻʦ״
㻹Ҵɱǲɣ
䡪
Ȼһɴѹϯ

޽ɺڵΪԸӼ̫ҲεļһȫԻʽ
һôĵӣ֪ʥ£
ߣΪʥ£ղһˣȥ
仰˵꣬Ԫʼ·ˡ
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仰ˣѵǲ֪޺̫ҵĲ࣬ĵӣ
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⼸λʥºܱģҪǻδɰʱ̫һĺܲҺܲңܻ졣
ֲʥǰ㣬
ҡҡͷһĿȻˡ
ŭʥ£ʩչ˿ҵıº󣬱һķɺԶǵ鱦ȫˡ
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ܹγ֣ΰĹȥѡ
ٴѪսĹǿ̶ȣžõ֤ǿͱĴ˺ˡ
ѵ̫ʿ鱦Ҳûãǿ鱦ҲǿʵʹһԪģǸֻԼ̾ù
ʹüƷ鱦ңΪһûá
ɱˣˣԪʼµļλһôңֻܻȥ״û취ˣʦͷʹء


680 
ɽ鹬
ֱд徹ôԪʼ𿴵ҵĵӡ
˴˲˵ȥ˷ֱǴ
ŭ䲻ͬʱˣǹǶԼļӻСԿǿ϶ġ
ǵӲǵ̫ǿˡ
Ԫʼ뵽ˣ˵ߣǱڵĵһĹܰ˳
仰˵ĹӵȺܡ
ĵȴǺܸˣ⼸λʦ۰ļλα˶鱦Ǻܸˡ
ԪʼĻĵȻ
徹ſ񣬴ǰȥָûбʾ㱾𶨲ġ
ֻԪʼһѹɽ̹ᦳУʧˡ
壡
׼ڹӺյϢԪʼĵ
ȻûãԪʼΪúĿԼϣҲΪɱӺȻʥѹſ
һĶŭ壬õҲʥˣѹ£𽻴ߣ嶨ܵͷ
Ԫʼ𲻸ңͺҲ
һԪʼ峼Ǹҵġ
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ԡ
Ԫʼһŭ֮Ķˣ׷׸̾ҳ׵ŭʥˡ
ѵһ군ֶ
кϷˡ
ۿȴ岻ãվʥ˴ԲӣʥҲλʥȴǴʥ˵Ļҡײƭ˺ǿΪĹأ̫ʿȻ޸֣һʱѵһҲûֻ֣Ǹ˶ѣʥ˼Ȼˣʥʱ̫ʿ޸ˣǿߵϻҪĵĸֶ᲻Ը⡣
һǳɣۿһѸĵĴ
⻰˵꣬˾ˣǴ֮ϵĸ֣ȻĿʼͬˡ
ĹǿΪǲƣʥΪͲˣԪʼʥ˾ȻΪţǲˡ
ԪʼһоԼ뵽ľ棬ΪԼ뿪
ǣ徹ȻûôȻȻԼⲻ򵥡
뵽׼ͨ춪ʥ˵ƵæңǰЦ˵ģڣòԼҲҪˣ
ˣǱʥǲ֪ƴϳţ廹ʮɷأʲô
Ԫʼһߣ˵ǼͽʦصɣǿһΪ𲻻̵ǣǿӦܵ𾴣ʥˣӹɣĪҪԡ
ԪʼҲɵʥҲ𾴣Ҳ֮ˡ
ʶֱӷ˵ۿĻ
ʥˣʵΪǿߣ忴ʥ£ֹ¼ƻӵܣȰ뿪ǷǵʥѹˣȻš
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ĵۿȻԼĴ˵ɹƻ壬ֻҪ鲻ɵʲôԭˡ
ԭʥʦ壬Ȼĸѵһٸˡ
ܼ򵥵飬ˡ
ٶ벻ѵͨʥ˺׼ʥ˵ıȵһҪˣ
кϷˣ
ø壬ںԻڸģղͷȣȲʥˡ
ԪʼŭˣԳʥǵһûӣһҪѵһ١
ʥʧ
ʥʧ
ʥ岻

ԪʼеͱˣۿʼԼˡ
ʥ˶СӣԼôôùȻˣˣ
ߣúãõúܣȷȻУʹ˻⣬ȲҲҪܵͷʥϲƣԪʼ˲ı˲ԡ
˹ȻԼȷе㵣ǣ䲻£ܡ
׷Ź岻ܣԼﲻʹ졣
Ȼû뵽ǡ
ãȻһԸʥŭ𡣡ۿ˵
˵겻Ԫʼ鶼ɵˡ
⣿
⣿壿
Ȼԭ˼飡
˾ˡ
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ۿһȣֻ𶯣պȻԭǳʼ仯ˡ
ֻƶת޹⣬ǿǳʼɵתʮǳᦣһɫںϵӣۿȾġ
嫵ѹϯã
ʲô
ֱţǶȫǣǶ⡭ⳬԤƣӦܵʥˣ
Ȼ~
ԪʼɫˣԼԤܵĳˡ
ʥָ̣Ƕ󡣡
ۿһ仰˴󷨵֡


681 ת
ǶעҪģһĶʥˡ
ע˵صģ֪˴󷨡
յӣټһʮɷ
ãã壬ܺáԪʼ֪һжˡ
ڶ׼ͨҲܹעҪһΪѵʥˡ
ԪʼкϷˡ
ǴǰڷĴǱû뵽Ҫһˣܺ
ȻôģһС
ŭԪʼ𣬲㱣ˣ̹ᦷ׶һ֮Ƕȥ
~
һ£ֻΪףǶṩ޹⣬ذ

ײƿĴһǶۣʱĺǺ貵ʱڣ̫ڸǣɫĹâϯġ
СʼڵĺŨǳ֮
ԪʼĹȴǻɫâײǶ
Ƕ̫̫Ϊǣâһ޴ǳ֮ܣӭ̹ᦡ
䡪
ҵķ֮ನš𵴡
ȻԪʼȵǣԼĹʥ˵ĹȻסˣԼ̹ᦵǰ¡
ˡ
ɶ񣡡Ԫʼٴη𹥻
һξҵĶԿǶȻˣֻеۿ֪˺ܾõǳ֮Ѿȥһˡ
ʮ춼ʼȹˣҺֻιҪʥ˲ҪĹǶˡ
ʥˣǺߣΰʥںĵȷ޵еĴڡ
ҲֵýˣԪʼʥˣǵһ̹ᦡ
ܵιֵýˡ
ֻҪٵµΣߣʥ˻ѹ塣
ȥ~
ΣԪʼ𱬷ȫʵҽ˾޴ΰǷҲҪ
ΰ޴󵽣ѾƻĸˣȻԪʼ𷢷ˡ
ҪӵıƣԲС
ʶһǺܵƻԪʼҪˡ
̫ˣ̲סҪֹˣԼɲ߹ǣƣԼ뿴ģҪֹ
ıٰάǵãһ㲻ϧ
Һõǣ
Ԫʼ͵ؾˣǧһ֮ʣԪʼ͵ˣֻʣ²һĹǶ
ۿ˿ղΪ군ˣŴʧء
û뵽ԪʼʥˣЩܾ˰
Ԫʼʥû׷ҪǸղ˵Ĳֻ尡Ƕͺĵ𻵣ͥᱻನһ롣
ԪʼҲһղԼЩ˴ҪǸղһз¾ǻǶನҲʧأͥǳҲ
ʱԼ͵ùˣǷºܶ࣬ʦȣֳͷԼûãסˡ
ղžȵѾϢҲ˿һֱʥǿ󣬵ʼղ̫
ˣǻذ
ͨӣΪܣ磩˰Ѻա
Ψ׼úܲãçײ嶯ҪӵԪʼȻˣơ

ನɢ峷ȥ󷨡
ۿֵʱˡ
лʥ飬ʹˣЩ˴
˵꣬ó˹ӵ˵鱦Ǵǰʥµ鱦ҵȱԵȥġ
ߣԪʼһߣĲСҲܡ
龹ȻԲˣԼԤƵĺá
ԼеˣԼʴˣ㹻ˡ
Ҳȫ˹ȥǴˡ
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ĿԷˡ
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ѵǵǰ˵ģԼ̫Ψҽʱ޹ؽҪģһиõľ棿
ԪʼȻеˣ
̫Ҫ֪о棬컯Ԫĥ򵥡
һԪʼԸ
֪ͺãα֣´ĪҪˣ֪ʥҪأǿҲҪء
Ԫʼ˵
ǣʥˡۿ
Ԫʼ˵꣬뵽˸ղŵĸһ£Ǻ˵˵Ҳ覴ãЩ˺ԪƻĵطʩչָܴͷٻģĲʣĲ~

˾Լˡ
Ԫʼʥˣ
ⲻܰ
ϤԪʼĶɵˣⲻʶԪʼʥˡ
Ԫʼ˵
ʼôָղƻĵˡ
𺳺У嶼С
Ԫʼʥʴȣ~
Ԫʼʥˡ~
лԸ۳Ԫʼ˷ܵԼˣˣղùΰҲָ˺ܶࡣ
رԴ֮ԼҲ׺˺ܶࡣ
ȻȻԼǣΰţҲΰ
ɵ۵Ĳֻ
ˡһ⻹Ƕ
磿ͨ졣
ⲻܰ~׼ᡣ
̫硣
̫ʲôԪʼ˰˼ˣεεĸı䣬ʼˡ


682 ƿأ̫֣
ɹˣԪʼҲӮĿ϶
Щ̲סֵ̫ڴˡ
ʥͺĵı仯ıľ棬Ǻϲת䡣
Ĵ֮٣ֻҪڣͲԭ켣ǰԾ
Ѫ壬˴εǶܾȡ
ѹ׵ʮɷˣоúĴսΣˡ
ͬܳɹ忴˺ô
嶼ֶΣҲչʾ˸Լչʾһˡ
ʴˣȥ˰ɡ
ʱĵڣ֮ܶˣ˳ȥ
׼õ׼˵ĵˡ
ǣˡ
׼ͽһϼƣԣҲҪˣ뵽ʮɷ󣬾ȥİӡ
׼ܾɱã˲ֵ֣ĺԼʥ
ȻȻĹ켣ˣȥžͲˣһʱϰ̡
ս涨ʱ䲻ԶˣʱľսԼ˱ʱˡ
㣬ûнУô˵ˡ
㣬д˿̵Ĵ֤Լǿ
˺ѵõһƽʱ䡣
ƽûãͥ˺ΪۿʮӵϢʮڵˡ
ۿΪ˺Ǹˣʥڴܡ
ʥûв룬ӴͣڴȴǲҲ룬ʵǶǼʶˡ
ǰоԣذܣ˿̲ˣǶ壬һ˭˭Ӯء
οõӦòãĥϵĻʾǶδھ
ٸһʱ䣬Ƕֿܵʥˡ
ڴܸܺӵԭ
ʮӳԤʾԵĿʼ
ŵʮСڣȻʥ˵ĵӻҪԽ
ʱ
̫ͺһ̫С
˿ʼĲˡ
µʱҪ滮һ

ֻ֮س𣬵ʱԲʮ۳ɣ̫ʡ
˵ͷǱȻĻֻسʮʱһҲɵѾѴۿ𣿡
ǰĻʥˣ棬ǿ϶ġ̫
ƣԴҲָʾáӵۿõľ档˵
˵ˣ̫ЦˣôˣǴǰָɽϣ̭𣿡
ĪҪˣչͺݱ䣬û䣬ɽǱȻѵһδθı䣬Ѿ㣬˵ѲǺĵ֧
ںĹά̫ǲΪ⣬ϸԼıĵȷܶࡣ
ɽҪˣ賹׵ûˣ嶼棬׽ɽϺˮû塣
뵽̫еɻ󣬡޿飬ѱ𣿡
Ӷѣ޹ؽҪضʱ䰲һ¾ͿɡҪҪǣ̱ʢһ̣ƶ㣿ʡ
̫һ㶣ðɣ
ȷӶѣ΢һ¾Ϳɣ켣С
̱Ȼʢˡ
ԭ켣Ůʯ죬һʯˣ
˼һ̫Ҳ򵥣һ¾ˣԼŮͽ棬ǲˣо޴
תݸʥˣԼҪһǾͽԼɡ
̫뵽һʽ˵İɣսʱԳ߻֣ᰴռƻɵģƻ֡
̫ĵĴӦˣˣϲ̫ģԼƿתˡ
ֻλָ̫Ӳˣϲ͵ϲ
ǰʩչʮɷʱҪ̫֣̫ûֻúԳˡ
ϵǴƲⲻ˵ģƿתʱʱʰ档
μȻ̫ӦˣǺͷˣȵƿغתУֺͺĵľ棬̫ˡ
ƣȻ˵ˣʡºܶ£Ὣƿתĵͽˡ
ţõġ˵̫꣬Ȼˣ࿪ʼˡ
ƣ
˵̫꣬뿪ˡ
ģ֪潫Ĵ֮Ѿȫƿˡ
ϺĵĴָ̫ʼвˡ
ĻҪǣ˿̲ľǣĵȴ֮ǣʱ̡



683 Ļһ֣
ͥԴʮڳܶˡ
СڻСвܺܺõĿ̫ͨ𣬶̫Ϊһ
մˣһʱͥŪ
Сõȥ̫ǣκ˺ͲѺȥ϶̫һλĳ谮С޷졣
ۿ˺ܶ࣬ÿÿѵСڡ
ʱ˺;ͻ᲻ˣʵҲȰۿ˵Сϲ޷
ɽСڳ׵ķˡ
죬оĵСڣ͵ųȥ档
Ǻİ˵Ķǵģȥľȥġ
磬ðɣʺĸ󲻻ͬġСĽڡ½ѹ˵
Сʮô㲻ͬ⣬㲻Ϊ־ͺǸ롣λСʮˡ
ʺĸԼȣ۰Сʮ
Сʮ˸Σλ˵㽫ҵ²ǻԪ޽ɣ½ѹֻ֮ǺĳƺѣȻѺģˣи㣬⻹бĴԼˡ
Сʮ½ѹΪ;羹Ȼǣĺ͸Ҳкܴ
Сʮ½ѹ͵ۿ˺˵֮󣬵ۿ˺ˡ
½ѹɲǼ򵥵˻ħĴڣǰ컯ʱ򣬾׽壬ǶԵۿͶʺ⡣
û뵽½ѹǻԪ޽ɣԼĵԼУСʮ
˵ʲôۿףԼĶǵĴˡ
СʮСʮҲ˵ˣԼԪж˺ܶഫУֻ˵Ҫĸ
ۿ֪ȷˣǴӦþ½ѹĴС
ԣۿ˺ͶСʮ۰Ҳϣ
Сʮ½ѹ涼ľŸڣġԡˡСŵȵȡ
ΪǿĶ࣬ҲƿصĶࡣ
ŸһδĿǻǾŸ磬Сʮ½ѹֻǣѡ
Ҳһ
粻ˣ½ѹҲû취ˣоԼǸźãԼҪǲţָԼļᴳĻ
ðɣҸȥ½ѹ
Ҿ˵СʮһȥģСʮȥ֪Ҳࡣ˵
Сʮ½ѹеĶ࣬½ѹˣȷ֪ܶܡ
ʥĴڣСʮͺ
һʮСڣƭͥ󣬴ͥ˺ġ
ǺСĽ±ʷˣš
˺ѯСʮСʮ˵ĵ壬Ҳǿǲȥи˵ʲôҲȥ˵ȥã
Сʮ½ѹһ㶣ֶ򵥣òҪǿλڴþܾ
һᣬĪ뵽壬ƺ
һʱСʮ½ѹǲ뵽ģضʥĸڡ
β֪ôˣ뵽壬ûΣգ˵֡
λ磬˵ǰǲǵҲв٣ȻȥСɣУ˵Щɣڷˣ
Сʮϲ˵
ȻôȺȻĵˣҪȥǣŸ˷ܵ˵
ҿУ游壬һܵ佱ġ
ǰǰ
ŸСһ￪ʼˣ½ѹСڶˣⲻԼİ
Լô뵽壬Ҹǣ顣
ˣŸСڣ˷ܵĳȥˡ

壬ԪķչѾ׳ˡ
ʥĸıӻͽıӻдǰ̸Уĺʶ壬Ҳ塣
졣
ΧȻ¶ȿʼҵ
Ϊǳ˵֮ε壬˲еѣȵĸо
ãôкüС̫ڡΪߵľ
ǵǾʱֻʮС̫Ѹٵı󣬽оŸ̫ʼŭˡ
ŵ̫ϯʱԲﱻȵ̫ɨ
˲˷һƬһҡ

Сʮ˵ĹȻûĺһڻô࣬Ǽ

Сʮɵ۵ĿһĻֻ벻ͨղԼΪιƻλ塣
Ǽˣæۿ˺ͣϣĸҪǻˡ
ھŸСڴʱ̣̫һЦνѣǸǱⲻˣ˺С˺ܶ࣬ǿܽܡ
̫߻֮뵽ѣѾȹǰѾˡ
ֻûУЩγɾ֮ҲҪĥѰ
ֻðעϣһְɣ壬нӵڶ֡
ڵ־ͺ˵ˣսʱš
СĴۣ徭֣ҲԼŬˡ
㣡
ŸСڿʼŰˣ߲Ѿ֪ˣʱ߲ŭˣŰ壬Ҫʮۡ
Ѹٳʮλޣʮڴ˿̽ɶѣʮб޻ĸ֡
ͥӵСʮĵۿ˺ͣ͵һ
ãСһﴳˣɱ塣ۿ˵ѸٵʧˣϣԼϵõ
ۿ˼޷ҪǱĸִ˻˺ԼĺӣǾͲˡ


684 ̫
ס֣
ĸָˣֻһƢ𱩵֣һŰСڡ

ʮСһҽУΪǣҪ޸֪ǵĸţʹɱˡ
ʮλ޸ֿʮ̫ӵʱе㼬֣ǱĴɱ˾ǣʮλ̫Ӳð찡
ǣŹֲġ
ʮһѾˣܾŹ
ʶʮλִ˵
Ͼ㰡
ҪŰ壬岻ôģɱ˾ǡ
¡
ʮСڣ˲䱻һ޴ڴǰһƵҲǺܡ
Ȼء
壬֪˭𣿾˺ǣҸˣҪ壬
ľŸСںãСʮѹˡ
𼱻ǸĵۿȴһķŭԼĺ£˿Լӵ˺ȴŭˡ
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ʡ
ǵۿʱʮСڿʼˣɽˡ
ղһǾյһΣԼȫûлֱ֮ӱѹˡ
ۿŭɢȥĵԼçײˣղֻųˣȴûϸ롣
ʶɨֻĵһƬһңΪ֪ԼĺӻҪѹԭʮСһﴳˡ
ǣԼô죬˻Լ׵ҲҪ
뵽ˣۿ߰ɡ
ûŸСһĿ󣬶ǱĿžŸСһŸСһ˲亦ˣˡ
ûһҿߵˡ
ۿҪ뿪ʱ
Ȼ
ۿ
䡪
Ȼֻ˽ĸ߲㣬Ŀŵۿ
ͷ棬ϡϡгϣ˸նȥһʬΪ
ۿˣ棿ⲻܰ
ͻƲã˵棬ǰ˱չظ򣬺Ȼ˲֪ǽС
У˱һµĸȡԪ񣬴һĵط֣ŨȻ۵Ƹ֡
ﱾԴ㣬һ˲ںĽꡣ
ǸоԼﾭ˽꣬ȫﵽ׼ʥڶ壬׼ʥڵľ綼ˡ
ǣʱ˶ߴһѾˣȥɣȥɡ
ֻģĸоһ֣Լʹĵطˡ
ΪΣȻ֣Ȼеǰ㣬׼ʥ۷ˡ
նʬȫˡ
ˣ𾪿֪׾ʲôֻðѹ͹鹦ʥĸӻ
Ϣ˭û˵еնȥ˵һʬ
˴˿̵ۿľȡ

һ壬صĹȻ涼նȥһʬˣõúܰۿЦ
гǻ𱬣һնʬնʬθɣۿ㻹ǽһ£Ϊɱɣ
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ۿ֪ˣԼӴˣܱǣǾֻܹոұĽڡ
磺гϲԼǺýڡ
гչ鵥˵㣬ܺ͵ۿϺȡ
Ȼۿ˵һ㶣˵ˡ
ô˵ۿʣسϵģ³ƺһҲãֱ
ҵۿץס㲻ţȫԼӷĴ
ۿΪʣԼĶΪ𣿡ϵ
֪ʣǲǾãԺ幫ˣۿʵ
ֱŲ壿
⻰˵꣬չ˵㣬Ҳ˵㡣
ۿңʥĸɱ㡣ϵ
⻰˵꣬Ȧˡ
ȫû鰡ۿһߡ
ص㲻̫ŰôҪսķˣ
꼱ˡ
ȻۿܻץᣬʥҪ𾴣ʥ뷨ۿҴĦʥҲ޹Ʊʵϡ
㣿


Ȼˣôˡ
ʱ͹עĺĸѾ˷ˣ·ʥˣ··ܡ
ʱ
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ˣҼ߲ȫϾǣ壬ϾʥĸͽӻȺܲء



685 
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徹ȻȻڮʣǻ𣿡
Ķ̫һֱʵһӵĿĸ߲㡣
ǸֶԱ治嵥׼ʥͽʮˣ޲εĺü
壬ϡгϡûնʬǰҲͼĲΡ
˵̫ˡ
гϱЦˣŭһ壬Ȼɱ岻˵ǵߵڰףŪǷǣ֪ܣߣСȴǣɱĽʮ̫ӣ


ǿϢĻǣ׵ıˣʱ۵־ˣȻֱ
ǰźһ
活죬ɫһֱעŮ洣Ȼһ΢Ц鷳ʥ˲
µ屻ŵõˣҪĻ֡
ֻҪ岻Ů派Ͳ¡
һ̵̫Ů洣׵Ĳµ
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֮Ѿͷ⿴һ
Դ˵塢壬ǵˣӦźá
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ֻɷһѹѹѪɷ֮
ãáֵúã岻ú͸ԴˣйСìܣ干ͬ˵ѪԵϵͦλ
Զԣ顣
͸һ飡
壬ޣ

һʱԴ˵ء
ô壬ôֱӵģȻ塣
ˣټùĶܾ˹ͬźá
Ȼ˭վǾϰ˭ȷɵġ
ףƥҿƤˡ̫һ˭ңף
˴ǰףں͡һֻĻ档
ë̫һ㵱㲻ɣӿ㡣ףܲ˴̼̫һĻȤˡ
ףڣ
ܣ
͵ۿһü
ۿǸо鷳ˣˡ
Ǹ̾ףڵӣģ㵹ãˡ
ߣʱ㣡ףڵ
˭˭һأ̫һʾ
Сףڡ
ƥ𣿡̫һ

ףڣұ졣̲סˡ
ܣ㣿ۿû˵ꡣ
塣
⻨ﻨڵսһ㡣
ǺöһɱԼˣһȥǰæģʵģԼġ
ҺãףںͶ̫һս建˻
Լ˵ˣù˵
һȦԼıӪأĻ棬Լɶˡ
ˮҲ
лλ飬ԼͺãĶ֧ˡ幰ֵ
ǺˣǮɡʵ
ҡһԼ
Ȼϵһߣɴľ
Ŷһ
Ҳ˵ͷĵˡ
ĸ߲˲Ŀˣйˡ
ΪȻֳ棬ġ
ʢʮ̫ӣ񣬴ǰʱ廹عȴ룬ʮ̫ɱǧˣˣۿʰٰӣʲ˴˿̵ľ棬ҲˣȲ壬һѡ
ֻһֵʮ̫ӣ޶ȥɱǧˣѻô
ߣǸңӻûԹ񣬸ӳףڹȻϡ
ǸȻɱˡ
⻹ʣȻɱˡ
壬ޣˡ

ɵ屻ˣЧܺãȴ
Ҫ˵ʱ򣬹ֱӵλĪҪ˵ʲôΥĵĻ粵ˣҶɵӣĿĵʳ̫˭ӵС
һ仰ܡ
ۿ㣬Ȼûʵȣ޳ܵİٰϣŤʵҪкδ
ֵСʥĸȴһǿ꣬һ
仰׵ȼˣ˵Ѫڡ
ȴɫˣи˵ḻľѲǸղŵöԸ

ѹֵʱ򣬵ۿ֪ˣЦˡ
Ҫνۿʡ
ʮ̫ӡ
Ȼأۿʡ
УϴΪش
ܺãǾĪ˵ˣıһշۿʡ
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Ųܽʮ̫ӣ˲ܣȻԼ˵Ǿ˵һˡ
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Լ򲻹ģװ׵ܴݲеġ
ڽ֮ƣֻܲһˣպ͹Ĳһѣʥĸ˽̽Ѫԣȴڣûгֵɡ
͹갵жһۣ˵ͷɱˣϣԼ²ǶԵġ
Уվϣģ֮
¡¡


686 
Ȼʱ
һ󾪿֣Ԥʾݵľ档
˾ȵ·ˡ
ֻ¡һһɫ׹⽵£Ŀɿڴʧˣղ˵ԣܾˣ
ܾˣʲôˣͬ⡣
⣿
ô
ģѵ˵壿
ܶ˾ֵ뵽
ۿ壬һãôľȻˡ
ȷ壬ˣ˭ˣ
ѵŮʥˣ
Ҫ˵Ů洣ŮҲԺվ岻ˣǸڵŮ洺ܡ
ǣôһɫ׹ûˣԣ
찡гһεŭ𣬸о춼ˣôĶУ
׷ԭҪ˵̫
⼸̫Ĳ֣ῴ岻ľ棿
ԼĴְˣڽڲìܡ
ҪŽᡱһ²źãԴ𶯲Ͳ
ìܣͱ𴫳иˡ
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ÿ彾Դڲʱһ뵽ЩļһͲڲſɡ
̫డΪ󲻶䣬ֻܸϸңѹߡ
Ȼһ㡣
̫Ļǣ;
ﶼһһ;ܸϵģ̫;úܺ
ͲԿŮүǣ׬ˡ
̫ȻģʹԴͷϲĽۣΪͰ̵档
οˡ
клˣ̫ߣȴϲվƸߵָκδڣڼ
ۺϿǣ̫ϵԣȥɣľˡ

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ҺõۿûͿи֣״ɱ࣬ѵһ٣ʥĸӣҪǴɱ࣬ʥĸҲ֡
ʶһߵ̫һһնȥ˵һʬǰնȥʬˡ
ֶ϶֣̫һݺݵĸһΡ
Ҫǵۿѣһ
ܲÿ康η
Ĳ˵ܺʥ˶óһû֡
ĺηҲˣϸ˼֡
ŶãѾôˣһλʶĺη
ˣһ̨ס
С£µûǱͶ־
Ķ־ǿڴܾܺȡ
ˣ活Ů派ˡ
ıѾˣҶս康ηѾܺˡ
ȷܱŮ֪
ʮ̫Ű壬˺ѹ壬׷Ŵ򣬺ί
ЩίǻԼǰᣬûЩίԼóأ
ڲˣԳˡ
ֻ
һߵսȻأһʥѹϯġ
֪ʥˡ
ֻŮ洽̤ɫķˣӿ¡
ȲμŮʥˣ
ݼʥĸŮ
һɽˣడ
ŮѹɨĿ壬ۿʮ̫Ű壬㲻øʥĸһ𣿡
Ů洵ĻӹɣۿҲûùʥˡ
˵ʥˣȷд뿴˺͵ˡ
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κ˿̣
һ仰ͽŮ洶ˣ


687 ݼʦ
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仰ʾǻû͸
ɼôǿô֪鲻㰡
Ů洶Ūˡ
Ů洴Ϊ˸һѵ˺ҹһìܣ岻ЭۿҲϣܳͷŮһʱüչ
ʥĸƲҲ
һŮ洱̫ˣ̫ˣûðġ
е޿֣ܲôί
ԭ켣е壬Ѳ۾˾˲ģüЩľʹܼǿ
ΣòƱĹˡ
ˣȻģˡ
Ů洵Ȼ㣬ȼİɣ
⣿һʥĸ
˵ȷûϾʮɱ޹ǵˣǲǶԵġ
ŮҲûȥԶԶȲǿѡ
εĳ棬λʥ˸еЦŮʰ档
Ҫô׵壬Ҫôеʧͷֺõľ棬Ůô졣
Ů洶û뵽ô鷳Ǿ΢ͷ壬һͿˡ
룬Լ̫ǿˣĺƲ
ˡ
ܵĲŮ洣̫е
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뱨ʵУܽڣʥĸӻԾǿⲻ԰
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̫ˣ߲֮޿֣֪춨֮κˣʥ˶ô
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һǱ弸ɱдһСС֮һѣ͸Һ壬ˡ

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̫ŭ档
壬Ϊһٵģ֪ĺĪҪΪ춨֮Ϳɷÿп飻ΪĿ飬˼ԼСȴŮ洱ӻ˲֪ôٷ֮
ˣôǵĴôˣ
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ֵ̫Ů洣֪Ҫ辭ĥѣ㰮ֻԴäĿۿ˺̫СڣȴʮСһΣװ壬ף
Ůһ̫˵Ҳеˣղ徹ȻԼģ̫ˡ
ҲãԼᡣ
̫˵ˣο򣬴ҪĥѣŮۺ˼֪ôˡ
̿ˣǾʥĸŮ洵ģû뵽ΪԼľٶʥĸˣˡ
ολƺ˵ĺܶԣԼС˼ȡ˺ʥĸӻ󡭡Ʈˡ
ⲻǴǰҡҡ׹УϦʱ̬ȡ


688 ̫ľ棬ۿľϣ
屻ʥ˴½𵤴Ϊܿ죬˽ʥĸıӻټԼ춨֮ã˵㡣
ȻֵĻеۿղŵ˵ʲôȻ˵Լ˺ͺʮӣѵˣԼӵķʽ
ۿ̿ˡ
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ˡ̫壬Ů洣Ƕҷ˼ԭ
ֵ̫ۿС˵Բκδ˾ǴˣӦ֮ˣ͵ĲȣӦ٣˶Ҳ㣬ͬ⣿
𣬵ۿͬ⣬ۿ
˵̫Ĳ֣̫ûòס
ΪƫƫʮСӦ٣
һ˵ļӳ֣ȴ޶Ӧĵġ
Բٰ谮Ӧ١
ţţ˵ϸŵԭ
ƣ~̫ͷȻ㣬ôȥԼôͷǣ⣺סνѵϡ
̫һ仰ҪĦˡ
ۿĺĽѵӣСȻòĥĺҵġ
ۿʹ˼ʹСڽϸĳͷͽѵõӦеĥôܶԱģʥ˵ƣ
֮ƺɵķŹʮСڣȴûô򵥣һһδСʲôλͿˡ
ǡۿ
ۿ̫Ǿ仰˼ˡ
±ϣ̫ûѸȥ
۹ɨģ֮ϵĶĸеһѹƺ̫ǡ
ˣܺĺδεصĸ֣ȫվĵ̫Ļʥˡ
ؿ٣Ѿʮ٣Բݱ䣬Ļܣ٣ˡߣٶɽ٣˿ɱ⣻ؼԲעٽҪһΣҲһλʥˣף˴ζ֮УҲǿٵΣաʵǿһ٣ٺת˿֮ʮдһ׼ɡ

̫ĻȻһ
ٽио˵ΣյһΣʵֲһΣˡ
ʥ˶Ҫ룬ô棿ֲõ˵Σա
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Բʮλʥ˳ʥλ˴УʤߣǿߣߣλʥλŬɡ
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ʵ߿ɷ룿һԪڵ̫Ŵʵ
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Լûᣬû뵽Ȼԣ̫ˡ
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ԼһЩˣͺܸӵľ棬û뵽˲룬ⲻðˡ
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仰̫ˣصĺһᣬܶûӦ
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̫ʧķˡ
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屻𺳵ĲᣬȻǰˣҲ̫ˡ
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ң֮ǰԴçײʥĸܷԼҲΰĴھһ˵ٸǵ֮
ԣΣεĲ㣬Ҫ˼ˣʲôԼȺƮˣ治סԴ
Ȼ̫û洦ʮСеʧ
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̫һεĲ֣ۿܷʡ˵ʡ͡Ͳ˵ˡ
̫˿ִСڶҪ˿̳ͷ˵˺ľ档
˿̲ԭ򣿲˵ˣ˵ջ֡
˿ǲ׵ġ

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غʥ˵ϯλû˿Բӡ
صĵۿﱻ̫Ļռˣ̫˵ģͷʮСڣǺ˺ܶࡣ
߲ۡ
磬Ļʲô˼Ǵǰ˵һ𣿡̫һʡ
ʵѣʦ˼ǣʥ֮λ򵥣ˣʵй²У´ʱۿѣۿаճʥ𣿡ޱ
˵һ򣬵ȷô˼
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ʥûô򵥣ȰѴǰľӦԹȥɡ
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˺Ҳ˵ˣ˵öԣʦûгͷľǼˡ
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ۿ˼һĪ˵ˣ֮ǰ̫۰ǣŵ޷죬θЩճΪУܼˣҪĥ
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ݴܾ֮ǰĺ֮ĵǺܶĽԴ
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⣬֮ҪˣǵԼĺһɣҲһֱ
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ֻ˵ۿͶ̫Ƕܼ򵥵ָ̫Ƕѡ
ʮСġ
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㣬ƵʮСڣۿֳͷʽˡ

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Сʮ½ѹһܺðĥͨƿأܵõ¡
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ǣǡŸСںǲ

һ棬ûзڵľ棬Ȼ̫ʧˡ
˺ͺ͵ۿϣһ£ʮСһ
ǣԼʾ˶仯Թˡ
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ڴǰ̫Ļӣˣﲻ١
ľ뵽̫󣬹ݼ̫
̫һ̣˲ˣֵڶˣ㹲ˡ


689 ƣ
С׹ߵͷˡֵġ
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һΣҪ̹׵ʱֻ̫һ֣һ«
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ϣǰôģôô棬ԱԴǣæסƿ
ˣˡ˺͵ǰҪƵķţʱҾͿˣ𲻳ôãǿеģʧ󰡣~ֹ
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͵һĸоһХ
Ҳǵģˣֻǽұ¾УҽģⲻҹԸҪˣ˵ˣͶˣҹҪľǺʹ죡~
֪ͷĹԵѾ֪ڸˡ
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ʹ죬ʹ죡~
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ԼûߴĹᶨΪչǵĵˡ
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йˣ͵е㾪ѵĹ˺һ˿

ȻΪԼԼĴ
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͵һˣǰλƺ˵ضҪ֡
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Ĭ˿еĻ䡣
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˰ûǿûûʵ֪ĥѣһ㶼裬裬裬һ취ûУֻܳܣţ
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棬棡
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Ҫ𣡡
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忪ʼ˼˺󻯱ʹΪʱͱ˿µǱ
һθһδĲԸ
˵֣Ķ塣
ʵΣǲò
ûЩĥѣ廹治Ѹٵ
ֻĥеѡ
û취СԭӾӰĪ˵ǣء



690 ǿҰ
ĸ߲ۼһ
ϵȣӴǰǷǿ˳
λˣ˰ɣǺĵɣСԭĥѣҲʹΨһİ취ǿϢǿֻǿ˲û˸۸㣬λŬɡ
߲һĬ
ʵǰѹȴ޻֮˾
λҲĻ䣬ŵã˵佾ĻǾ漣һٵĻۣǶ̶̲һǧԪᣬֵýҪʹΪһᶨȥȵǵǶʱ򣬾ǵʱ򡣡
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һߵ˼ǣǿĴҲСʱǾͺñȴǰ壬ҲҪѧϰ壬̵͵ķչʱҲҪˣǵǶʱдʱֻһŲ
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ˣ˽˻ʵ㣬ãҰݺá
˿˿Ļֿ˿һ仯ûеҰݣȻˡ

гȴˣЦ
Ц꣬Թ֣л߶Ľ̻壬ǳ
ȷҲ̾⻨ȥÿǴǰһĴҰͨǿ·ꡣ岻仨ҪҰݡ
ϵǰ֮ǰȷд̫ǲǿȴѰʥĸӻǣʥĸΪ壬Ӷѣ嵱ǿ嵱ҰһҰ
ƣڸ߲㶼˵ͷ
ĿĴﵽˣЦǲпģǻᱻ̭ݣǽҰ޾ꡣ
Ұ޾꣡
Ұ޾꣡

ǿĻ𣬱ȼˣ


691 ֻ
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ԭԼӦˣŵĵˡ
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оˣһҪ͵Ҫһ㣬̫ջˣ

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̫һıĺ꣬ӹ˲ֺĵ󣬸æ
˳һǿۺ̫΢΢һЦˣĥֱֲˡ
̫Թ꿪ʼˣݺԭһԼδСһ
СһǿȻд˴õ˿޷Դ֮
֮ͨⷨնһԪ񣬳߹ꡣ
ĴڣֲԼĺ˺ܶ࣬Լı˺ܶ࣬ԼĳɳҲܴ
֮ǰɣ֪Եɡ
ҲգҲգͣ˵᲻һ塢ɶҪٵĺܼѣϣǿ֮֡
̫뵽
̫֮ҲһݣܺãçײȴԼˡ
ֻصĸ֮Ƹ˺ˣֻҲҪˡ
һжڰռƻ̫˼޴©󣬾͵¼һչˡ

ĺСĵó«
ǹҪģ˵ǶֻظҪһ֤ʵˡ
ǰΪţЩƲסҪȥ
ҺסˣصԼĶ󣬺һ¡
йǰҲӣ˴죬ԼĶûԼ˭ܽԼҪչء
˺һξѪѪ˵ĸ
칧غĸۡ
Сĵİȥľӣ̲ס˺һڡ
䡪
ºת֣ԼǱһĵط
ĳ֣߸֪
̹Ÿ񣿡Ծ
ֻУһʬɽѪĳδһľ޴ʬɽʬУ̹Ÿֳֿ񸫣һϹһĴ˵Ż
˵ʲôֻ֪֪Ϲ͸ڽʣȫ򲻵
ļã֪˶á
ֻ̹Ÿ޸һƬ硣
磬ƺ˻޷Ļ棬
ǸĻ棬ľƣΪֻ棬⵽׺Եɣ
һʱͷ
Ĵ趨ֻû򵽶ѣ
סÿһ档
ʱš
ĽС
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Ѻ󣬺һգôûˣô
Լһû򵽣ʧ
ˣ«ﻹУֻҪҼȣٴνĻС
뵽ˣһڡ
ȻֳˣԼ˳ʱʼģ̹Ѿϣʽĳˡ
񡣡
أˣΪ˺ĸأ˺˽ΰǺĵط
ãˣغˣȻˡ
ĵҵ˰취һھƣٴν˸С
˳룬ֱڰ˴ʱȻûκεĸ
ǰоƲˣԼ໹һڣҲǾſڣҪԼûиǾͰϹ˵Ĵˡ
ָоúܣоĻԼǰԼȴûץס
ְʧ䡣
ʱֻǰʧϹֳˣʼֹ˺ʧˣֳˡ
ңǣ˵ĻˣȻˡ
ѣἴԲˣɻѯʣǸĻ
ˣһĻ˺ζһ¡ѡ
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ˣ϶
ȻǸֿѣ⻭Ӧþǵ͸Ļ棬ҵ˸ѪԹĦ񣬾нǵҵĻԵǡ
ˣȷʲôԵˣԼһûУװ˷˵Ĵˡ
ʱϹ⣨̫˵ˣ̹ŵѣϲѿȴֻأ޷ֻأѸԴʧʱУ˺ܶ౾Դ컯氡
ѡ

ں͸ʲôʱ򣬻ֶˡ
ɶ񣡡
һգؼʱˣȻˡ
󣬺Ҳܻһˣֱ£һνĻС
֮ǰߴζڰ˴ˣµھŴԼٽʱˣܽš
Һã
ٴν󣬺˵ڰ˴Ρ
̹ŵֻжῪģ֮һǻۡʴȡֻأһС
Ϲ̫ٵأδֻزԣȷҪֻ֮ء
̹ŵҲֻ㣬ǽҲ;ѭΪ֣޾ͷʶ޻أֻߡ
һֻصĸ͵һһоԼץסˣץסҪһˡ
Ϲ̫ʰǿʼʼ
̹ţ죬еأҲֻء
Ϲ̫ؼ֮ǣƿǧ֮ʼ
̹ţ
Ϲ̫
۵һĲΪֻأ糿ĺһûĸ
һ仰һ֣пʼչ
ڣ
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¡
̹ˣ͵˫ۣ
䡪
һĵľ죬ѾˣԼѾһˡ
ǣ̹ȴεļסˣԼǰ̫̹ŶֻصĲ

һƳ滺֮
ϥŸղžһУ͸Ĳȵȡ
ղžһУȫʵĻ棬һģһ̫ϱԴĿ̻
ΪľǺĸ


692 ֮ı֮
ʱš
ڣ˵ǧԪ᲻ɴս޽ˡ
ڴսʱ̣ȴûʾ
ɵȷԴսˣ˭û»ȥ־սľ棬ǲ׳Եġ
ǲɱ⣬ìܳͻˡ
ˣøﻹǸСͻϣͻǴ
ɰѼɵʥŪˡ
ռ˺һǾ͵ս˺ܾ˺ʰоء
ˣǵòˡ
ⲻУʴЩʥ˿ʼˡ
Ů洲̣ûбҪ֡
Ϊһӣ֧֣Ҳż
Ԫʼͬˣ˲࣬´̵Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣϾչʾǿԪʼҲ
ͨҲô󣬵ɢģʽ״žͼȫûҪż
Ԫӣ֮ڵģׯΧôĵ̣ȫ֮ڻĺܺãҲûҪȥĵ̡
Ψλ
ż޴żǼٵģҪġ
ƶ֮أϷҲռһ㣬Ϸ뱻һռϺǲҲ֡
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һ㷢֣аܲ㣬Զˣֻܴĵıſɡ
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Ϊˣֵܺơ
У˱޴ǰ׷ųսʰо֣Ȼûдս׼ҧгݵ
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Ŷʦкμƻʡ
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ʦ֣ǵĻᣬһ֪ʲôĺ;дҴŰ󣬿ʼѪĥѪɱĺѾ𽥵Ĩƽˣȹˣս
ֵʮСȴȻۿ˺͹簮ֻȥģҫ޾ڰʮСһﲻڣԹϣԼҲ˵ۿ˺ͷʮСһû˿ļ٣ԽԽǵĻᡣ
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һֵȷˣ˳Ӧȷйġ
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ս廹ܴܲڶ˵ֺη
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á
˶˼ƻٵһ£ǻûлᣬֻˡ

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޷ģõĴԵǲҪģһԥУƳѪֻб޻ҪʱһȥҵһˣӦ÷İɣ
һ̾ΪǲŸģûҪȥҵǰ˵˵ô£
磬ĪҪˣû˵ҡҡͷ
˵ԼиزԲҪԼΨһֻط֮Ĵֻأ
˵Ǹ˼ǸԼ
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ҪǱʱ̣˵һ¡
˿ǧԪýдͻľ棬ʱ˵ʵ
ҺҲû׼ã׼ˣҲȥ̫ǡ
ϣԼֻصĹܻͣȡ̫屣һŵ
ֻЩˣŴֻء

ξѪʵ
籣ɣ⣬ɴ죬첹ҵλãĪҪʮɷϲ

һ
ãɲⰡܰ׼ˡ
磬ǲҪż˵⡣ܵŨŨĹػ
ⶼС
ááãģҲġΪѵ뵽ɴ磬øеԻҪУ
⣿һ
룬ֻҪӱɵ¾УȻȥһ£ͽȥɣԼʱ̹עˡ
ðɡ˵
㡭
ʼ˺ĵ


693 ɣݣ
һ·ϣʶ̫ɱֻطܴ
ʥһ㣬ܵľĴƮ
һеһУúеԼʹˡ
Ϊ̹ŵԼȥˣزԲԼ͵Ρ
׺󣬺ȥ̫һУҪ͵úõĲһˡ
һֱעȥ̫󣬸оһֲĸо˵
ֻǺõľ档
̫硣
̫ʱͨ͹ˡ
㯡̫
ԵΣ
Ϊ޴תΪزԲΪĽҪΪ벻Ϊ¾
һΪı㯡
Ҳ˵㯣˵Ծ
Ϊ㡣̫е̾
ģ̫ܽĲ࣬ȴһ
ֻء
ɾƽĸ裬ʼΪԼ᳹ʧġ
ʴȣֵ龴塣
νĲ塣ᶨ
㶼ˣ̫ʣ
ǵģˣ˸ѪǼֻ̳طֻҵʹ
ΪֻΪΣ̫Ȼʵ
⣿һ㶣ĵֻز縸һӴʧһ
͸һ㣬ֻأʧ˺һ档
ǺǣҲ̫Цˡ
̫ڣҲûг׵ʧο̫ˡ
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㸸㲻̹ͬŵʹһʽķʽĪǾֻغԼҲʧɣ̫ʡ
ˣ𣬲𣿡
Ǻǡ̫Цˡ
̫ˣֻʹˣֻһӶѣֻغεȴڣСС͵ģ̹ŵѲһ̹ŵǳ׵ĻΪһֻصӣ𣿡
̫Ļúϲˣ˺еˡ
ĻԼԼԼֻֻأ
ԭֻѾڣԼֻһӶѡ
̫¶СŮ̬ģ̫
ֻ̹ŵͶõģǴǰ޻ֻصıԴֻѾ۶ɣǿָͥǻĹʱıԴԼǳӡ
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εĺȻͷ漴Լðʧˣǵǰǰ϶¡
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лк̫ܶö˵
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ˣʹҲǸϣܹĽҽģľƮųʧһ졣ÿÿĲ̣һ·ҲΪԲףĸػţҲһԼĹף΢
˵꣬ᶨĺ̫ȥϣ̫
̫Է˺Ϊ΢Ǵ󹦵£Ǵʴȣ̹ŵˣֵýͬҲΪ
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ף̫ˣʵ
ǣǣ
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ã׾ͺã߰ɡ̫˵Ķ˵ˣ˵ĺɹԼס
Բϻˣǰȥһ£˳㲼һ¡

̫Ƕ
ʱе
ʵ֮о
̫ȴѸõĻԵǰһ
һ㶣˵ĵõĪǳʥɣ
㣿ϲʡ
磬ҽֻأΪԲף˸ԸҲӦñΡ
ʲôֻأһʵ⣿
Ψ͵һ
ԼڴˣȺֻغ󣬾ԼĿɵʱ̣кڤ磬ԼסСȥ
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Գڤ磬Ӱ͵λױȡ
ֵĴȡ
⣬Ҳϲˣʵ˵ĲԲҪֻسֻسĻԵ
˵ֻغɾϲˣԼ޾µĵȴҪɹˡ
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磬ֻؾǡһͺ
Уܡʱŭˡ
ӾȻҪԼֻء
˵Ӳ縸ǰʧӽˣôС
磬ӵԸǵϣģҲǸԸ㻹Ҫֹ𣿡
⣿׺Ȼˡ
̫֪þһ仰˵ԼĻ׺ͺ໥⣬ǽԼ̶ĺá
ˡ
λ㣬˽Ǽ̳˸ĽѵΥ𣿴˺ջججֱɢ𣿡
ӣǲ˼ֻأ㣿ڤˣô͡
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𣬵ǰȰȰӡ̫
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ϸ˵ģ𲻻᲻ܵġ̫˵ֱ۾
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ҷǾʹʧҵֻغڤͥһǣҾڤ֮ʥһĴڣǵĻᣬֻҪڤڣ彫棬ֻҪڣͲʧ
㣿˭˵ģֻؾǲҲ˵档ˡ
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磬ǵ˵ġ
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ǣ硣
֮ײųĬǼúӼ
ãһѹֺ֪Լֵʱ̵ˡ
ѣ㵱ֻ֪Ǵ󹦵£ǺôǺҲҪʱˣֻأҵʲôԸǶ󣿡
ѣ뵣ģѱƳһξѪұԴѪֻҪôˣ˺ȥѪرչһ²ңҲ٣ʮ춼ɷ󲻻ʹʧġ
ƣҲɡ
ʵ꣬һĻǵйǣֻʺķʽѡ
ֵʵѣֻΪεأҵȷֿλѷŲµԭ򰡣Ӧ֪λѶĸ㣬Ƕ㣬㣬ܹģ
Ҳײԭ֮һֻ˭֪ȥҺӣ룬ܲܡ
Ҳһ㡣
Ψ̫ɨһ꣬СװģҪԼ֪ĸף汻һġʡƭˡ
ǰҲ֪ڤǰ
̫ĪʣԼһ˵
һ㶣Ҳһɻ
һ򣬺Ȼ
һѪǣԽԽԽԽкС
⣿ôܣ͵۾
ӣ׼æ׷ʡ
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ǰѪӣڤֻһͺӵͨѪǴȾе־֮ء
̫ôһ˵ˡ
Ѫһصϣû˿Խصĺܣһֱǵʹ»ᷢԤϵ顣
û뵽ﾹȻڤΨһڡ
Ҳ̫ˣֱ޷ݵĺˣԼôôѪ
ԣ˵ģ˺͵ģ˺Լġ


694 ֻ
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ٴο̫ʱ̫ɫһ£ʱѪе㡰ಡӡ
֪ǣ͸¶ģѾΥ߹ɣǻʣɷ֪ܵ
Щܶ˵ںϣ̫Լʴˡ
徹Ȼʣǵôߵĸо
˵ΪֳӲΪ
ܵԼʲô˵סһˡ
Ȳҡһ亹
̫΢΢һŭǾ͸еѹˣܡ
ֻӵİΣˣ˶Իǵ𣬸ղеԽˡ
ˣд󹦵£ϱ𲻻ƽϣҲǱӦģĪҪһЩΪ⣬
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ãﰢ壬ɱÿɺãֻ̫磬һﰢС
ɣԣڤӵҶʰ
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Խǿ֮أԴĺԽǿңָʼӿ֡
ɲǼ䣬ǴһԼôˡ
ˣ
ɫˣ׵磬㣬ȥˡ
ӡһˡ
̫һݣ𣬺ˡ
ȥɡ̫һ֡

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ϣ̹źиزԲͥȴ޽֮ľʣΨɢԸֻأתѭ־ڤ
¡
һԺ󣬺ľҵı仯ˡ
ݷۣ޾Ʈ꿪ʼ
ʥ£иУۣѪǷڲֹ

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ֻһȣǰϸĤʼת˺ݣ̫ͺһڤ硣
۵˶塣
ǻɢߣֻأֻصһΪ˸Դ֮ת¼ֻغ֮Σ
Ϊ޵
Ϊ˵ţ˵Ϊк֮
Ϊɵǣجج֮飻
Ϊڤ֮顭
Ϊ֮תǧС磬ݹС
ֻΪֻΪڤ֮

ֻغеԼĻԵˣʼֻء
ֻʼɢںϽֻС
ֻڶأʱͨһĺڶȥ嫡
ҵ֮źʧֻǱһʼת
ÿתһΣǺĵĲƮ꣬޴֮
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ֻؼת֮Ѹٵڤȥ
һ޴ڤտشֻݣڤ硣
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ݻκţȪʯŹء
ݣ𺳡
ڣ

ֻصˡ
޾ˣĹݣжʴȣǾúֻضʧˡ
ǣ
ֻõĹºȻתڤҪĵطֻش
ಡһļ
ֻһӰۣĳ͡
ϸ֣ǱΪʧĺ
ˣֻΪԪҲˣΪ
ɡɡ޽ɡ׼ʥڡڡԲ
䣡һȻڤ籾Դںˡ
ôܣ
ⲻܣ
λʥ˳׳Ծˣûкĺʥˡ
ƺָоһһģǲ
ʥĵֱӹ³ʥöٹ°ֻظöôҪ
ʥһ׷׸оڤǽޱҪĵط



695 ̫ڤ
ں˲䣬̫˵ȻС
Ϊһֻأף
ԭֻ̫ҪˣҪһֹĵֲſɡ
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ˣ˼ĺҲﲻ壬һԴ飬ܹĶԴˡ
Լܺ󣬹Ȼ˵ģԼȻϵһڤˡ
Լڤʥˡ
Ѿڤ籾ԴΰʹԼ߳ڤ硣
˺󣬺𺳵ķ֣粢ֻһģȻС磬ƿصǧ硣
Բĺģ
һ֤ڤҪ
Լڤ磬һǧתվǧҲͶȪ֮Уֻء
ڤ糬ԼԤƣܴ󣬺ܴ󡭡
һĴڣǺ鳹󣬱ԴɢڻȪ˺ΪǵĹȣεɱɣֱµǿ
ͬǣޡȣΪ׼ʥҲǰļˣµĿʼ
һĺֻҪûг׵ʧתֻҪΪﵽ׼ʥǰļ䡣
⣬ܡ
ҪҪֻܽĸˡ
ܺ󣬺ڤʥһĴڡ
ֻͶӰ㣬ʼԺ

һֻأףѳ̣ƽ
һѸĵԴģ͵غ𶯡
ƽĵѴȴ󱯣᲻硣Ԫӵ
ں˵׵ʱ̣ϺȻֻغǾġ
һĪĸоԪȷ֣ʥ֮źݡ

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屾飬ΪڤرȾһ飬ǣлֻءá
л𡣡֪徭ڤҪ
Ȼӹ屾ģ޾ڤ귢źǳѵľ飬Ҳߵĵ伮
˺屾黯ƣӡƽĵʯϣҲһ仯γŻƵӴһ𣬱ϡ
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ڤδԲǰ¼ߣֻиߣгͷʶŹԡ
ֻ̫һȣ۵ľʯţȻĹ˸飺Źء
˹ŹأŹߣһжһԨԴĳڤɷΥ

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̫ʮ˽磬Ϊʮ˲һ֮飬֮޿ɱ⡣
ʮ˲Ϊһڶʮһʯѹʮʵʮ˲㵶
̫һĲãһ亹̫пˣ˶û³ˣҪ˶ܡ
Һܸ֪̫ٶ飬Ϊǿġ
ɾֻܲҪɱ޷
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仰˵꣬˾òᣬеˣֱ˭˳ֻۣҪ־С
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ĸйٷֵַ̫ţͷ壬ն֮أꡢԻ֮ġΪڤ繩ְרĻɢǡ֮飬Ը⣿
̫仰ĴУ˲ţͷһУп
ţͷһ忴ڶƶһȺ
ԼȺն֮أȴʼĵļ֡
ţͷһ壨һ壩лԸ⡣

ΰԸʱתȫת˹
壬ı仯пɥ׷ȹ
̫ϸ˵У֪ԼΡ
츳֮ɴԼǧ磬һһ֮أ֮ء
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ο̫Ҳ˺ܶˣҪţ⼸㣬ռ˵ڤһΡ
ңڤְˣϸ˵ƿصģͥĵۿƹͥࡣ
㰲ţƽ⿴ģ˵˼Ҳ˼Լ뷴Ҳû취
λʥ䲻޻˵ܸԼһйٵְλͲˡ
ʥ˴еȴڤ磬ﱾͲԼĵ̣ˡ
ܲʱ̶ŵֻҪ̫֣еǻ¸Ȩ
ʥǲʥ˲ֹ
ĵĺܣֻܴƣı


696 ݱ֮·
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ԣʺ״ӣֻԼӻһЩѡ
һߣںֻصĳ֣ƿصǧ˵ڿʼݻĿ쳵
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С飬ӵкıԴĻǣֻҪЩﵽһĻռһϵ˺󣬾ܱ̲ںϽ֮ڡ
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⣬̫ǰõתʹúĴʱܳ㡣
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ԣ˿̵ĺ֮ڰشҪأЩǣǰȥˡ
Ϊ׼ģô˺󣬲ֺ½
ܿȫ̫ݣ̫֪˺µܱ֮·
ɽ磺ǵֻͥͥһ࣬ƿ򣬶ֻͥɽеһһ
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ɽһɽ硢硢ڤĳ֮
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򵥵ıǣǰһ棬ڶ棬ڤɽ磬㣬ͬ
˵ֱ仯̫𺳣ļԭ켣еļ䣬ǽı仯
ĺܶȻԲ֣ʾЧɾʹһˡ
ҺΪܸߣô仯Ҳá
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׵ĳΪ磬Ҫʱ
ͬʥ˴սɳ׵硣
ǻܺıԴȷʱһٸ컻ء

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̫ԼԿˡ
Ľһ׳󣬻ʥ֮λ֣ݱ䵽һ̶ȣһٴﵽԪ޼ĺ֣
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ȻһЩ˷ͨ·
ݴЩɵ˼ɽ磬ֻҪЩҵɽ·
Ǻ󻰡

˿̣Ϊߵ顣
ܵһֱ仯ֻسֺı仯
⣬ֻصĳ֣Ҳке𺳲ѡ
ĵı仯ֻسֺ
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겻תľϲ
ȻҲȱ㣬˵ģҪעˡ
Ϊߵģ֮ߣ𾪵Ǻĵı仯Ϊֻضô
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Ҫһ컻صĴʱˡ
ֿʱ˵ǣΪΣܴ󣬲ҲǻԵ
뵽ǰ˵ʥλִһϺ뵽ܳ׵ĸ컻ʱλʥ˳ʱ̡
Եʥˡ
ΣǰޡʳһĽѡ
ۺϵĻ컻صĴʱ
һǣʳʧĴʱ仯ˡ
ڶʱ͵ħ󣬵ʥʥ˳Ĵʱ
ҪٵľǵʱˣʱѾʼˡ
֮һһѺ󣬺ĵʱ
ǲ֪ʱʲôһЩܺܵǡ

ںĵνʱʱ̫ϲڴġ
Ϊֻδ֪
Ϊ˺һɲ䣬Ȼζ
û뵽µݱ֮·ĺģľϲ
һֱ϶Ĳ򵥣ĲǼ򵥡
ȻԼŬϺݻĳ֣֤˺Ĳ򵥡
̫˺ֻغ󣬻ص̫硣
δҲ̫ˣҪ侲ݸһ¡
һ˽硣
Ȼд֤ʵ岻ˡ
ϥƴϣ̫һӣֻһСĺȫͼǰ
̫ƲС档
ɽ䣬ʱɽԲ޾򣬶Ǿش̫á
ĺģֳĻɽԲ޾򣬾Ǵ˺ɽ
ټϴʱĶҲǴ˺ɽ硣
Ϸһ֣һ֣ԪӵҲ֮ɽ
ĺУϺȫȾشҲǴ˺֮ɽĵ
ôʣµĻߵϷһ֡󲿣󲿷֣⽫Ƿڵ
䳹ϱ仯󣬳СĺģԼ޾ữΪµķĺ
ɽҲˣϺͲ޾ȣữΪɽĺ
Ψڤ仯Ϊڤ籾ޱȿ㣬ϽµĵһĵҲʺڤ硣
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ǳУ̫ǽҫɽ磬ԼһЩǳǶɽǳ
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˵ݻĵҪµĺݻ󣬵δڣ
ѵʱر仯ʱĻһЩƬһɳЩɳǽǳ
Щɳݱɵһ򣿡
ңߵָܶСǳǺƿأĺһ硣
ԣǵĹ켣ͺĺƣݻĹ켣࣬еƫһ㣬еͳһ㣬ͳһġ
ټϴ˺ʥ˴壬ĵطС硢ȣǶȥԣÿħֶУʷ;ݵĽʦҲһݽˣԱˣ˳׵ķ䣬ˣ
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Ҵ˿̾ģǷǰһֱҵļеĹ켣
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Ǻǣδλݻݻ켣ͨľ档
ֵΨкɽ硢ڤ磬ǧǳԴ֮ءǧСͽǳ磬ǵԴǺģֻǺݱֳȥ˶ѣߣ
ˣǧǳҲƿأͥ͵ͶӰƹܣֻҪģǧǳࡣ
뵽ˣ̫ã˺ܶ࣬δڴҲֲˡ
ΨһźǣԼоĵֻһΧƺķǳѣûԼҪ
ȻҲǻб档
棬ݻ磬һΪʱ޷˽⡣
̫ãûУԼҲȨĵ廳һ¡
ˣ̫ıԵ
Լ̫磬̫ı仯Ϊģ硢ɽ硢ڤ綼ͨĵط
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̫᲼óʱմ󣬻ڽķϺҲһɽţػͨɽϺ̫硣
˺ڤۺУҲһɽţҲҲɽ̫硣
У̫³ԼƵģ硣
ɡڤ׵̤ڵĽޡ
̫ɲᱻɽ磬Ҫȥľȥġ
ˣֱӰѷɽ磬ɣ鲻ˣ·ɷˡ
ӵڤȪ֮ȥ
̫֮˵ģҲᱻ
µĺݻ֮磬ڴ


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Դ˷һ
ͥУۿûΪ˷ܶʧȥǣһĵۿ仯ܴ󣬳Ϊһ׺ʧܣ޿ޡ
λֻأǵĻˣûʮɷ壬̹ŵ֣ҲǶĶ֣򲻿ɽ
Ǻţƽֻ̤أ׼Ƽˣ֣һҪ
οƽôĹ£ԳҲ壬ûһΪΪ˺ĵԲӦûһЩҪ󣬴Ӧˣ
Ҳ˵ǿû˴󣬵ڵİ£µɱﵣҪע⣻
ҲؼģĺĲ򵥣ǵ壬롢塢ɵȣҲڻ
Ǻһһ¶ȱ㣬ײеļһ˲ˣȻܸӰ

ۿһϯ˷׷׵ͷ
ޱˣƽƹڤ磬ԽԽϡˣעʾʲôλӦúףڤǺҪĵطֻأҲǿʼȷе˵һ;վ˴;վǣǵֶξͶˣҺֻصзʦƶĹأҲΪοмλʥ˰ŵйЭ

ޱĻһ˼
ԽԽˣĵԸĸ
˵壬ǡ
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ضϡ٣ԽԽǿ
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ԽԽˣƿֻصڤҪĶˡ
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ǺܷŭûǵҰޣ顣
˵ųǡɵġ
ҰҰгɣǺŻᱻΪ
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һĬ˱տڲۿһֱĬİʵп
ҡҡͷƺΣ£λʣ粻ֹǺ㱣ֿƣҲ˲Ը⿴ĿƵģοдָأǵѰɣҲ룬Ҳ룬Ҳ룬ǾǷˣǴָӱܵģҪģ˵ǲ־ͰȫˣǲҲҪµ⣬ʱ׼ʱע⣬׼սͻһ̵

ȻûеۿʧǵۿĻ
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˵ĺܶԣǱֿã£ʱ̶⣬סġԣʱ׼ˣΣյʱ̡
ۿһΪϲͷһˮ


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ֻжҪ
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Կƽˣֵܸˡ
֣ܵȥˣǸСвƽĵĳ֣ѾʾѾ׵ĳɹˣڤΪĴӪ彫㲻𣬳ǵ𡣵ǵֻأܻ𣿡
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ˣ˺׼ĵȥˡ
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̫һݣǾպյľ档
δ̫ҫɽ磬ǣŸСһȥı廯ΪŸС̫ҫ䡣
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ԵȻܹ㹻Ĺ£޾µ󣬾ŸСһѵһ졣
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޹ޣ׼ûԼĿġ
һᣬ޵ģֻһ޴ķɣʮСڣϢ

ˣӺʱͷȥЩƵطҲ֪ʺʱŷǳȥ
ߣǸ壬ҪôСһɱͱɱǲɱô壬ôС˸ʲô£
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ŸСԹΨСʮ½ѹŪףԼôôͿΪ˵۸Ÿȥ塣
һߡ
žŸСһԹޣ׼ȴǸˡ
ֻһΣ˳һᱻŸСһ￴ˡ
߾Ұˣôɵ̫㡣

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̫׼᲻ģ׼˲ʧˡ
ĵˣһڻˣ
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￴óŸСһſ񣬴ɱֻЦ䡣
Сʮ½ѹˣĵˣɵеܽ
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׼ֳˡ
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ף˾Ȼû˵ʲôӢ¼
ŸͯһСһϲŭ޳͵ǲȫж˵ԲС
Ȼʮλһŭǧˣⲻֵñ˴𣿡׼д󶨣Ǹǵĺӣ̫öԸˡ
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ûʮֵܣղŰ㵱ˣû뵽ȸǿ㣬һȻûɱ㡣ɱΪղֻʩչ˲һҪˡС˷ܵԼǿ
Ψ½ѹʵ˺ôĵӣҴɵ˵˭ģ
ŸСһһ룺ǰôģ
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̫޷ˣ̫ĿˣȻӦٶõľ档
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ŸСһΪ׼ƭǣŭˣʼһڿڵ̫𹥻׼ᡣ
׼˲ͷˣǵ͹ʮСһǣѣô죿
⶯ͳ֣ԼļƻͻԶûʩչ
Уƻб䣬ȻƲˣŭǣʮС쵰׷ϱʥʱǳȥˡ׼ĵ
뵽ˣ׼ῪʼˣĻˣƶǲɡ
ֻ׼ܿƵһƣʮСڣʮСڶʱһƻˣûˣˣ׼Ƶǡô
ʮСһ˵ĹԼûú󣬶ʱŭˣҲˣ˵Ĺһʲô
ȻҪɱˡ
׼ˣͷܣʮСһɱڵ׷ܣһϵĵطǾ׷ˡ
ǣ
ֻ׼ϣ˲俪һӣˣ
ŸСһסˣСʮ½ѹ𺳡
ҾͲţĵܹȥǹȥƾײȥ
磨ܣʣľŸܵǡ
ǣǵ磨ܣĴȥˣһֱԽϣˡ
Ǹʼ˸Խȥɱˣֵ׷
ȵȡ½ѹæ
Ȼˡ
ʱ䱻ܳȥˣŸСһȡǿǣ


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ʮСһСʮ½ѹˡ
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żһֻ׼һӰ˾ŸСһﲻԶ
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Ӱʱ䵽֮ԼҪݶݲ
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ֻƴ巢ֲˣʥˣǷˣʥһ֪Ҳġ
Ŀ٣ʥ˲ɵתŸɡ
οսǲлᡣ
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ȫԸʩչ̫ͨԣ֮ض鶼ʼˡ
ûзŭǳϲˡ
ʶѹϢĵøĶʧУ͵½󣬰Ѵǰĳˣ׵ĺΪԵȵĴڡ
ͨҲڶȻԹȷֵʥˡ
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ȻĸӦĻкֻܶ࣬ΨһֱûвʥڱҪľǣ׷ˡ
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ʢŭ֣ռ䱻ˣʥ˵ֶΣֻȫУ˲ƴˡ
ʥˣʥ˰ۿԹѾ޷˵ˡ

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ʮСһںˣҲһˡ
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ʮСһҲɵǸܵ˿丸ɱֻܾܡ
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˵ֻ꣬ʮСڵĴ磬óһɫ
˵ۿǵıֶΣںۿһй

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ˣۺϺüԭ򣬼ߵָ丸ˣȴ˿丸׷գа˹һƬ书¸ǱǧС紫̡

丸ˣȴֿѺŭˣһƬȺͬΪֿѵĿ丸ȥ
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Ȼֻ̫֪СĻɢʬ޴棬Ǳȡ˾Դȴ»Ϊ̫һ졣

ߵܣ߸磩˺ѷε
޷ʮСڣһη֣˵Ľ߾ˡ
壬ңǾңķŭշŭꡣ
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ˣϺռǿԵġ
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һȥˣʣˡ
Сڱˡ
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ۿݵò񣡡

ֻһ͵Ĺ˲Ѻסˡ
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699 һŮ

়䣬ֻѿһ޴ķ϶һ
ʱҲϵˡ
˺һҵĽۿһѾԼľŸˡ
ǳ䣬֣ʬ嶼û
˺ͣѾǴǰ߸ϵȻһʹʧӵġӡ
壬Ǹ
ⲻ˵ĳޡ
û˫ŭĶ̫һѾȥˣŸֶˣʣһŵɵһ̫һܲŭ
㲻ɣս
䡪һףӭȥɻĳޣһʱսˡ
ǰбһû˸ұˣȫȫԸĲҪ
ʱǴ˵صȫùˡ
ȵù׳塣
صĴսˣˡ
ǲɱѣһŵۣʱ˭Ҳ˭ǵˣ˵˭ǰ˭ǵˡ
ʥʼжˣڴˣҿӣһʱֹ̾ͣģȻжˡ
սأʱת䣬ӡ
ǴǰҪֵ֣ѽˡ
һ⣬߳ţ߲ȥ
ʱȻһѸġ
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꣡
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˿Ѿǣ٣ҴǰʮСأ˾Ǹаˡ
˶󣬿ʼ˶ġ泼ʼΪһεŬˡ
ϣ峤ϋ֣ء壬֮ʹߣģѳ顭֮
ϣ˷һ峤裬ءҷһ壬壬֮
˲䣬ľ棬˸Ǵȵ½
·һȻʹ˵һ

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ǶĲִ٣˿̲òûѹֶΣǲġ
Ǵ˳𲻱ܣξͺݺݵɱһ˺׼پս
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̫֮ᣬһˮ֮ĹûƢˣ򲻹Ȳˡ
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˺ʹӲɽ¶ˮ˿̵񣬱ϾȻĹħ̳ĵӣһԵֿġ
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ͱˣ˺ͼֱˡ
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ʵǲǹ˼̫ѣߣ˼ɣ̫һֱػģΪ˱й˼ɣģ̫޾µƷǲģһ˽ĵִ˴δ٣ɷһ㡣
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ҪˣǵдΪǴԪԲնȥʬԱȽϵġ
ǽ֣Ҳᱻѹ
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ǻԪ޽ɵľˣ⼸ǣֻ֤Ԫ޽ˣô
򲻹ѵʩչʮɷ
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㣿ŭˣô죬һһˣѵˣ

Ϊʱ̡
ѣ׼ˡ
Ȼأֻ׼ˡ
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ۿˣ˵ԼǻԪ޽ˣ
ֱܽܰ׼᲻òˣ뿴£𲻻ײ¡
滹ܵסԼɣ
ȼʥˣ
˲־޴仯ΪĴսһŮˡ
һŮոչ¶˺ʥˣ⴦͸¶򵥰
ʥΪ涼о鷳ˡ
ղ˵̫ˣ̫һ佱ֱ̫ܳ
ڣղ˵̫䡢Ʒǲŵġ
֮Դǰ˵Ϊ˱ʾ̫ĹҲʾԼˡ
⵹ãʥˡ
׼ѯʺһЦ֪˴ҲָѾѣڣ谭ת²װɣ
׼ֱӴѹˡ


700 
ˣȻ׼ģҲǿӲһˡ
ʱֻһԪ
һ˺Ȼָ̫Լ
̫ĻҺǽ𺳣ԭ׼ƣƻ˵ۿõ󷨣ʮСŰĵġ
ڶԱȴ˿׼ĴȻʱо׼޳ܡ
˵׼˳Ӧ٣ô˵ҲǿӺԼͽ
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ȻͱˣԼҲˣԼúҪ֤ˣںһʥˣ
ЦǿЦʥ˵Υ֮öƤⳡսô㲻Ī˵ʲôֻ֪ӱˣ㻹ҪֹǲҪƤ
һϯ׼һ
ĵʥ˲֪Լƣѵ⾳ԪҲݵ鲻ˣҪ˵ԼԻΪĵˡ
㣬ԡ׼ŭʱʥ˵ѹϯڳʱһѹ֡
˾ԪޣʼղǻԪްԶˡ
׼ݵɷġ
Ԫˣδʥʱָܹʹ裬飬ܲ
ԽԽϲˣԪһվ̨׼Ѿڻɵ忪ʼɻˡ
ѣԵɣҿǻǾ䣬çײˡѵ
սҪǼȥǲݵľ棬ⲻ뿴
ǣĳ𣿡Ϊѵ
мǣԵսֻʧء˵еΥˡ
⣿˼һðɡ
ٵǣͳ޵Ļۣܾˡ
ʥ˽ǰӣʱգۿסˣټȻ٣ҲѲݣһս

Ļԣ˲䴫ġ
ڳ˺𺳣׼ܱһʱԵȣǾ͵ȰɣԪӶˣԼûˣǸ
ߣ㲻ɣݡۿӦ
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ߣ׼Ҳһˡ
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˺ͣ˺͡ۿҲܣֵ˭̫˵ˣǲڡ
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ʦޱ澹ȻҲȰ˺ͷ裬ʦòС߻ħˣԼæ
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̫һֵǣʮֶȴ˸ǺĲпᣬ˶˵ͨ˸ĥģеֻǳ硣̫һдϣǰа취ǰһҾŸֶ̫һԸΪǰ𣡡
˵꣬һֱŰһֱ̫߰һȻҪؿͷ
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ϣԼµǶԵģ̫һֱûлɹΪû̫飬еģ̫а취
ԲžһĻۿھΡ˺˺ѷΣ̫һһĻ
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̫Ӧа취Ӧȥ̫һ¡
˺ͺȻһͷɢģղŷģһڿһ˿ϣ
ԶԶԣеҵıҪҺʹãҪẢȥȥ˺߶߶ģóǰĴ
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㿴ӳɺͳݷ̫ʦȥú÷ԡһ˺󹧾ĺ͵ۿǰȥ۵ӵҲԴ²
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·ԡ
ۿģǴ￴óƺһжһڡĻͰŵġ
Ϊսճڲ֣

뿪ˣͻƾ磬Ϊ֤׼£ǲںĵġ
˿̣Ķˣ뿪ˣ㹮̻һ󣬿֤
ۿ˺ˣȴǷԡ󣬸̫硣
˵̫û⣬ô֣ˣԼĲ֣úҲ
ԼһŵǾˣԼ˴Ĳˡ
ۿ˺ͼ̫͹ˣ˺͸ʧʹޡ
֪ˣ̫ǵʦҲû飬Ҫѵ
֪ˣԸñẢ˺͵
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ۿȻԸκӵе
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վһƬɫľѩ̾ǰ·ѡ
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ѩԼģκ̫ҵĲΣ׼ʥɱۣѷľ棬֪еļѡ
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֮߳غ󣬾ѩ鷳ˣкܶѾʧȥǣɱε飬Ǽûǣǿɱ
ѩ価ĶܣȴȻ˺ܶΣյľ棬Һôӿʼæң𽥱
ǧʱ䣬ѩ߹˱롣
ǸΣպɱѩҲǧĥУԾĸ͵ĵĥӵǿˡ
ʦΪҪԼ٣ٵĥֳˣЧϵĺá
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ðɣһ̾ʥҲԼôɣȥˡ


703 Ѫ
ݺ˺ԻõѾ׵ľˡ
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͸˵̫ˡ
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룬ֵˣӻ鷳ҵˡ
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ǣ̫İη壬Զʥˣо̫̫ˡ
ʴˣǣ̫Ǿͻӡ
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ιݼʥ֮ͨȴǿ佱ϯŮӣ֮ĺ;磬ͬգ¼ҲǻԵһʺ鱦ɡ
ֻһʴƷ鱦ͨ˽顣
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ǣлʥˡоգͨ췢󣬶Զ౦һ뿪ˡ

ιеĬ
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ʦӲ硣޵
ʦҲ磿顣
ʦӲ硣౦
ͨһ֪̾ˣǱȽϵĿʥ£¾ͿǵŬˣҲĪҪĻ䣬Ͼֻһ𰡡
ͨƺ⣬λӵɻԽ鵽ͺܶˡ
ʦ˵ȲҲ޷ϾºǸɻˣµ׺ηʥȻôǿ
ѵԼʥͽȲˣ
ʦ౦ʣȴͨˡ
֪Ǻɻ󣬲Щ֪˲Ǻ£û˿洦
ʦǲ֪Ҳǵӵħϡ
Ǻǣ鵹ǲΪʦοͨЦˣԼĵӹˣοġ
˵ȿ֪λʥˣ
ǵ˵ͷ
ֵͨΪʦԪʼʦĿˣʥҲиߵͣΪʦǳϵģΪʦʦĽԲκεʥˡ
仰౦ɣʦôǿȻ
ֵͨǣΪ;磬ʦȷ硣
ڵӵͨһǺʦĵһʥŮʥˣһǹϵǿʥԪʥˡ
˻ڵһԭʥҲ־Ϊĸߵͣйϵǿġ
ͨĻɵˡ
Ԫʥ˺Ůʥͬһţһʦڵģ𣿾ǵ״ӣ׼ͽΪһԪӺŮǵ״ӡ
ŵӣԪʥ˺Ůʥˣǽʦ壡
⣿

ڵӷˣ߸ǵ֪˭Ϊδ֪
ڳʥ˵ӣʥйϵľΪǿģǵ֮ڶʥˡ
˵Щͨȥˣ˵ˣ˵ǵĶˡ

Լ񣬰ݷ޺λʦ塣
ѺµһѾǰɽˣǵٿ顣
ˣʯµӸ˼ıǶ죬ѩʯɽһ
ҲʥµȣΪߣʥ̵ԵʣʱĥЭԪӹ̾Ϳɣ⣬ʱ̺¶ľˡ
㣬У̫ӳһеķ羰ߡ
ѭµĹأپܿ顣
һ㣬̫Լλӵľ⣬ǹغʹͳƻˣӾͲ
ҲڣµΪݰ
ԼȥһƬµء
Լ˱ӻСһֻҪŬвǰ̡
ʶ̫עһ¾Ͳˡ
˺Ϳʼˣ˺˺࣬ûˡ
϶ǳصնʬڣ׼ʥĲΣ̫ΪķŮӳɵ̫ǡ
Ҳûкͺ飬̫ʧѪĺҪеİ°ɣ
Ϊ϶һʧˡ
̫̾Ĳʺ̸˵鰡ֻս
ԼҪİֻܵˣͣСǳеķ˺Сˡ
ʱĺĲʺϡ
УҲᱻ֮֮Աǣ⹦ȥ򾳽ͨأ
շУһļһԵ̫ǣʴȡĳĨȥ䣬˽ƣտ⿳ڹϵһͬϣУֱ
ֺ̫󣬳ײŴʱĺģȻµİˡ
º͵ĳأΪͷ⡰ա˵йİ¡
ֻ̫˲Խ׼ľ档
⣬սϣ˲ء
ʱĽһ飬˽˽
ֻʣľսػָɢʱˡ
ڣսʱˡ


704 ս
ڴʥϢĴսˡ
ռ˺һ壬ڴǰ鿪ʼɽٵʱ̣Ѿ׼ˡ
ָ̫㣬嶼ĳ㣬ܣҲܵõºѡ
𣡡
ս
׹䣬·ǳʼת޾顣
壬ɷ죬ǿ϶صҽ»졣
ɺĶײԽ˴ǰٵ
׼ʥĴսҲ͵ħʱλﵽˣ˿Ķȫ׼ʥ
ˣ̫һֳӣΰһ˲˺һӡ
̫һС񣬱㡣ףں̫һ϶ˣ󣬶̫һǿףڵǣһ鱦
̫衶أһǿ˺ܶ࣬ԭ켣оףģ̫һܴϾԭ켣е̫һֳֻӵġ
ףƥζڴˡ
ߣ˭˵ء𡪡
ףֳȣоĹ˲ţԽε壬һǰĲݡ
̫̾Ǻĵļηһǰ
˿̾޾µĳ޺ʼ㡣
ǣһȫսսڶֻд˵ء
ܽӴսڽ־ս
ˣǣĲ壬һе˾޴ѹкܶսŴžͰսƵ壬Ϊ˱ˣǿʼȫԸˡ
߲Ϊһ֡

˴սʮʱ䣬úٵΣա
ǰֻ꣬ǿθˣľսٵĽ㡣
ֻض룬Щת̱ˡ
ƽֻðּ⣬꣬תǧС磬Լǣ塣
˵ٵϴΪСṩѸٽĶ
ôתС磬Сܱӿ˺ܶࡣ
ֻǿ壬û꣬ĳɿˣƽΪ˺ܡ
һߡ
ɺ壬Ҳڹעľսǿˣۼ־սʱ˭塣
⣬Ҳת۵㣬̫ǿˣʧһû༸ȺĿռġ
塢롢壬ǵȷһʱˣҲһʱ䣬ûһ鷳
ǵ˥ܺˣʱǲġ
ʥ˶ѹȵܣοǡ
ʱʧ
ʮˣڵսҪˡ
̫սһԪ֮Ҳʮǧꡣ
ʮ굽
䡪
¡
Ƕ𣡡
ʮɷ𣡡
ѹ׵Ĵˣʥʼڴˣ̫׼ˡ
ƻ̫ҪĶꡣ
ǣ̫Ҫ¶ˡ
Ϊ˺ƻⲻˡ
ֻ˸̾ģŨǳ֮ʼ¡
ǶĿ˷츲صı仯
һߣֻѪɷ֮죬һľ˿ʼۣϤˣ̹Ŵ
Ӱ̹Ŵ
ճ̹Ӱۺ
̹Ӱ۳ɿ츫ӺԪʼѵ˿ǰ׼ʥʱҪѹƣѱ̹Ӱȡˡ
γʥ󣬱Ϊѹƣû뵽򵥣Һѹס̹ᦺ̫ͼ
ǣ
ںΪڴʱ
ȻıˣһƬɫĺ
ɫɨһУʲô󶼱Сһ֪ˮس֣ʢ
⣬ǰĵɫʼֱֻսĴС
𾪵ķ֣֪ʱԼѾһ޴ɫ̨ˡ
ܵ߸һǵΪ˺Ĳ𻵵ľٶ
ˣȻûκεĹ˼ˣսɣ
ûôˣ𺳣иҪء
ǣͬʥˡ
һ鱦
Ǻεǿ鱦Ϊҵ̹ᦻ
ⲻôڰ
⡭
ֻʥ˸ܵʥ˲𣬵ǣĴиеΣ
˵ʥ˲Ψ
ôƽļ¶У
ֵɻֻܸ֣̾ܿ¡
Ǹе£ȴ˿Ӱľս
жƵסսģҪģҪǾս
ԣ´սԺƻ޴󣬵ʱ
û뵽ԼˣֲõʱԼԭаŰûһ˿Ĵ䡣
ʶ󷨵Ķײʼˡ
죡
̹ӰȫԸ̫Ͼܳá
ͬھƻ󷨣ļƻ
һܺõĹԼʮɷʧˣǶڡ
ȴ͵һ㶣쵰ƴȥֲ˶ð
¡
Ҫ̫ķһƬѾһƬˡ
ˣֻζԾȫԸĶԾ󣬺¡һ
ֻ̹ӰɢˣǶҲʼɢˣǶʼ𵴶׹䣬׹䣬һҸҡ
ˣɢʱʮȥŸĸ
⡢ֱף۽ʧȥսڤݱʬˣνпᵽ˼㡣
־͹ʮɷ󹥻ǿ̫ˡ
ΪָӴҪֵǣֻ̹ŵûвٿصԲ̫ˡ
巽棬ǶսǷǿ»ˣǳ֮˺ܴǳЩ˵˺ܶࡣ
󷨵ɣ˱ɷʴԪ񣬹ϵԱͲԪһǱ̫һӱסˡ
˵ѾˣҪñ̫һǣʱķѾɢˡ
̫һޱۿ˺͵Ҳܣ˺ԣޱˣΨ̫һ͵ۿǿ˵㡣
ͬھĴսܺʧ
ȻµСС׵ȵʧǾͲͳˣ̫ˣ֮ʮһʮһ


ۿ˻
ѣͷɢ
ʣȿȣɢһİ
Ϊأ˼˵ͬĻ

̫˿ˣۿ̫һڣͲļֻҪڣû˸ѹ塣
˵ޱ˺͵ȡ
壬ڸвǿ˶ѣֻҪڣȻɺ
ĶǵĲ̣ûиԴѵĴڣҲû취
߹£Ѿıˡ

̫Ĳһʥʹǣȴֿ˻ĺðԼô
ôأǻⲻˣƴͬھˡ
ʶʥʹڴ
ǣ
Ϊʱ
Ȼۿˡ

ϣ˴δսأʱջȻ򣬽ҵۿۻģԸɢȥˣֲʧԸȥذλ˳ӦĴ֮
䡪
ʥɵˣŵۿⲻҪģ岻ˣȻԸɢȥ˺Ͱĵλⲻа
ǶܻⲻУԲС
ۿҧģʵͬھΪ˴סˡ
ͬ𾪵״ǰ̫Ļˣ׻˵ʱķһִס
˵ܣֻ㡣

ϣϣΪֲģΪ׺ģȻԸȥذ֮λԸɢȥˣ˳Ӧƣ˳Ӧ־֮֮
䡪
һֻ֮׵Ѹٵ½
ʧصǣ½½һˡ
Щֻɢȥս˵˶ѡ
ң˳ӦΪףûд𻵺ģԹˡ
ʥȿɵˣа

̲סԪʼ͵ɢ˳ƿµذΪԼˡ
û뵽Ȼôɣ
ʵ˳Ǳв
ѾʥõļˣҲٳʥ˻ôƿغģ

սºͿ̿Ӧܳͷʥеܱʥһ
¡
ֻδ£ԪʼĹѾˡ
û治Ԫʼһġ
ԪʼĴ̫ڡ
档
ֻԪʼ޴һУϣһ󲨶
ֻ̹ᦻصĹˡ
ֹˣֱ˳źնȥ

Ԫʼŭȫ˲ϿһӣȻˮ콵ˡ
ɽԪʼ͵һ԰ףһЩվס
ȻоҪʥ֮մѾʧȥˡ
ô᣿Ԫʼɵˡ
ղֻ벻ˣȴķС
ԼĹǿԼףȫԸһʽ
ʽ˺ظĤֱӰظĤһӡ
ʣʥҲɵˣĵҺøղųֵĲԼҪԼڵùԼˡ
ôС
߲㣬ɫ԰ףΪ군ˣΪԤƴˣû뵽ǵ
ǱĲ𣬻ԼС
Ĳ౾еܺ;Ȼʥ˺Լľ棬˲˺ܶࡣ
ĵǰҪôԼʥ˰ԼҪȥܾʹĻ䣬ʧȻѾעǾͽȫ
ǣȻΪʥ˶ɱ֣߳˿ʼľˡ


705 ֫
ԪʼʡΪΪʥ˲֧ҲͰˣ֣ظĤ㵱
̫ˣʥ˳ˡ
̫ʵҲ֪˭ȳѲ²ⶨʥ˳ֵġ
ľٶвҪӲʥ˲״á
ԣʥ˲Ĵڳˣڵãһ³ʥܽܡ
ˣгġ
̫㵽ʥ˳֣ȴ㲻˭ȳ֣Ϊλû뵽Ԫʼ
νţӹ̫֮˭֣˭˭
αĳԪʼˡ
ԪʼɵˣԼ޴ˣ
ãԼʥˣǿӲˣԼĵҪùˡԪʼ뵽
̫ɲЩ
ʥ֣
̫˵ֻ꣬Ů洺Ԫˣ̫컯Ů洣컯£Ůʺʯ죬㹦̫Ҳῴ
Ů洣컯ʯ죬ӣ̫ͼѹˮ£ͨɽԪӡ׼ᡢٱס飡
̫һ£ʥʼжˡ
ǸղŵòᣬҺòԼһ֣Ԫʼùˡ
̫˿ֻǰĹ£Ȼ˿ӣ¹ʱ޷¡
ȻǲǳĬʱʩչֶȸ飬ҲΪȻһЩ¡
˵̫̫һֻ֣̫ɵӪʱϹⴹ£סĴӪ
콵ˮһʱһˮ֮һƬƽ٣ҺôʱĺҲ࣬ͺܵʧǲ
ʥʼжˡ
ֻŮ컯򣬽ӹ̫ɽȡһɽ󣬿ʼʯ졣
̫ͼѹĵ𶯣ͨĽˮӣʣʥ߲顣
ڣֻŮһȣ˺Ƶʯƿڶȥ

컯֣Ů洲ʹֲѿ̥Ĥ
ʣµһʯȴлԵⶪ˺С
һĻ̫ĺϸˡ
׼Ҳ˼ݲŮ洶µĻԵҲöԲˡ
챻ֲֻһֱĻĺˡ
ٽ徭֣еĲֶ£˿̵Ѿ˽ᣬҪܽˡ
֣ʥݼǲ԰׵ԪʼҲˣԼղŵ޴ΪԪʼˣԼôûס

л̫ѡ
Ƕ̫л
̫ΪݸˣԲֺȫ£̫Բˡ
Ҫ´ģ̫ܾˣԼҪʱãŽ󻻱İɡ
˺ֻǸл̫һ䣬ڱҪ̸ˡ
̫ˣûԼˣ뿪ˡ
Ķˣˡ̫
ƣԼѶҪȥ
ģ𶨻ȥġ˵ֵȻˡ

̫ˣĹˣֻʥԪʼõ˹¡
Ů࣬Σͨ׼Ԫһĸ߲ҲС
ˣŵԪʼ㴳˴ʥӦ֮£ΪʦҲ˵㣬ҪжϣΪµİΣйںĵľٶɡ
˵꣬Ҳʥˡ
ǵ˳Ӧ⣬н
˵꣬콵οǶ˺ֻܶ࣬ۿ࣬ʥ˶Ľ
Ҳˣ˳Ӧڷףǰɢȥ˶˲١
ֻ᲻֮ˣû֮ʾذĵλûˣֻһǿѵˡ
߲㣬߳˵ԡ
ǰķŭѹ֡
δҪȥƴ
˿ʱΪ˽
ı仯ʧȥĺ͵õģۿȣ󣬺ǸĶࡣ
л档߲
ƣ˵ͷۿԪӡŮ洡塢׼ᡢǰҪҪɢ˰ɣ
ǣʥȵͷ
󡭡ʧˡ
ʥȴû뿪ֻŮϱ䣺ʥĸʥĸһ
ǹ鷳Ů̫˵£̵ڣͳֶԸˡ
ʥĸսӪ֡ղôĹ°ʥ˴ɱԼ
ô˵ûнŮˡ
Ůʥˣˣ彫Եһвлڣƽǣȥ󣬶ʥĸ⡣ش
ߣŮһǴӦˣָ̫
˿׼Щʥ˲׷ŹԼ壬׼ˡ
ۿսñʧ˺üĵ⳥ͨʵ
͵ۿ侲
ףڵľǿ϶ᷢġ
ԼܻţΪ͵ԼղŵĹ¡
ʥ˲ԼˣȺռݺԴˡ
ʥ˾أۿʡ
彫Ѫ²ǰĵĵ̺Դλʥ˿ΣֻҪѪϳݣֱ˵˵ޡ
˵꣬ʥĬˣʶ˺ܶ鷳
ۿأͥҪóĵĵҲҪóǳҲûƿˣҲҪó׼̰˵
λʥˣ˵ټҵȣضԭ򣬿ɷʱͥŭĵۿѷŭѹ
֮ͥأ׼᲻ĵ
һʱͥȫóټҵȺóͥ˺ѰһǴƲΣۿ
ߣʥһˣ̫ͥҪټԼ˾ԭܽеۿ³еѾˡ
ʱѾأҲʺͳˣֽʥɣúý̵ǵġ׼Ȼġ
ûԪҪûã廹ôڣǴⰡҪһڡ
ߣ׼òҪҶ飬£ĪҪȡ衣ӶԸˣôҪǱŪȥԼΪͷ
չˣˣ
ǣ׼޳ܣĴ㡣ͨҲǳ
вľ֮顢ɽ飬ҪʥԽ̵ԪҲ
ʥҲҪһļͲ
塭
֫һʥĻƺ屻ֽˣȻûѵۿ
λʥ㲻ðɣϾ塭ۿѹֵʵûͱˡ
ģһܱԪʼ𣺡ۿ˵ķҵȵžǡ
仰׵İѵۿŭˣԼѾٰˣǾȻԼ棬Ҫ֫ҲͰˣԼȻ˵ȨûС
λʥˣۿȷû̸еȨΡҪôǴɱ˵
ۿŭ˺Ƥˡ
㣿׼ȼλʥ˶ʱŭˣǿѹֱõۿܲסҺʱۿſ˴ǰδĹ£ֻһ½֣ŵʥ˵ѹȡ
ͬҲʥˣۿ״ɱ
ۿҵ𣿡Ԫӣһվʥ˵һɡ
Ͼʥ˵ȨҪάģûгѾǺܲˡ
һǸ
Ȩô࣬˷һ㣬ʥ˾һ㣬ΪԪӺŮҲվʥ˵һ棬վһ档
ԪʥˣۿңֻûˣҪˣ֮ǰܹǸҪһȥȨȨûУһֺηۿԽǰĵ̣ǰ£ȴĽԸλʥˣǲԸ⣬λʥĪҪΪѣֻʣƴһĵˡ
ʥһۿӣͬ˵ۿ
ǿһƴмԭۿôֶԼ⣬ۿԸ棬ȷǸð취
ãȻͿǷԸʥӦˡԪӵ
ŮҲʥĸû
Ůѣụ̂Ϊ˽ɶģ֮Իûߣ۲ĵ̺ԴǸԪվ̨ʾͬһŵĹͬˡ
ҲɡԼ徲ΪڣԼҲʲô֣ϰˣԼǰᣬʥ˲ֵǿ󣬹ֵǿԼҲҪƻ
ͬˡͨãµĵӾ࣬ԸԼ˵ġ
ߣͰյۿ˵ġ׼ߵҰĴҪȫ̲༸λǲģֻܰյۿ˵ˡ
ɡԪʼȻ壬ոԼĽɱҪ취õİ취һЩԼΪе壬ЩһֵԼӵЩ
ʼտ壬ȴΪʼעˡ
㣬ʥӦˡ
˺ֻλʥ˿ʼɢʥ
ȻǹȥȱأҺ;֪Ǹᣬ뱾ʥĲ˺ɱʥӻ
Ԫʼ׼ᶼаͱе󰡣ЩԼĵӿɾ군ˡ


706 岻
ֻԪʼ˵꣬廹Ķġ
Ԫʼ˵ȷҪûˣƺҲˣ籧ʥ˵Ĵúá
Ȼ뷨ֻǵײ壬и߲ǲģǶ֪ʵ㡣
οǲ֪ƾһǻҲܿó俴ܲʧˣȴҲܿóǺεȵǻۡ
˳ľ棬˳Ϊ˶ɽĻᡣ
ǣ˳ǰ湦µģǱ͸ˣй¾Ͳǰǰ㱳ˡ
ʵۿĵطеˣʹȻУǰ;Ҳܹ
ʶ뵽һģһЩ֪ƻĸ߲㶼ΪǸоǸʺá
ʥ˵ȷǿ󣬿վԴԼԼʼ壬һע˺ܶ࣬Ȳ˵ʥкüᷳģǸ˲ᷳʥˣѵܹĺܺ
¶ѣֵǼʺá
ʶֻһЩСܲջСվ˳󲿷ֵĸ߲͸ȫΪ
һĻԪʼɵˣߣĪҪĵԴύѵǻҪŵۿ𣿡
Ԫʼζ벻Լн죬ջּԼ̣ԼʼտģκΣùı˾޴㲻аȥѰ
ȻԪʼ仰ܶˣԭԼĵҲûˣһƺʱİˣƺûˡ
Ԫʼ˷ܵΪԼٸֵʱ
ȿȣ˵ͨҽؽн࣬ȿԸ汾

Ȼ˺ܶͨһߺȣ˲ܶˣͨʥûˡ
ͨʥн࣬ڶ࣬ɵĺܣֱ䰡
Ը׷ͨʥˡ
ȡ
˲վ˳ɰԪʼˣû뵽ԼۿҪɹˣԼܸԼغˡ
㣬ͨ죡Ԫʼߵ
Ȼ
׼ʥˣ̲ų飬
̽Ԫӣľ֮飬ɽ֮飬з֮顭
Ԫʼͨ첻ưոݵʱʥ˶ˡ
Ҳ⣬ֻһ֣һţ˹С󣬿ԸΪʥ
һţҪţˡ
裡
ֻһ˻˲仯壬ĵСţԸΪʥлʥˣлʥˡ
ͨˣһüôִΪߵ壬ԼȼʥˣΪ֪ۿôƻģһкðֱһ֡
ͨҲˣֻһ޲εĺţ˹ҲСΪȣҲˣԸΪʥʥתޣ˺ָһ
ţħˣȻ֪ԼȣһҲʹ޳ˣػˡ
û뵽ʥ˲ԼΪԼת޺󣬼ָ㡣
׵ڱ콵
СţԸ⣬СţԸ⡣⡰ţħæص
˺󡭡
ʥѧˣ޳ܵ׼ᾹȻ˺ü󣬽ʨȺܶࡣ
ۿһĻĺ䣬Ԥϵľ棬ҺԼһֱΪһЩΪǿĴҲΪһ㡣
ۿܰɡ
ֻȻĶԵۿ˵ˡ
ۿ£˼ݵĳУӹɵģװֳǲǵġ
ʥѹѹեǵʱеˣٴĳޣûʵҲǰ׷ѡ
ôԹޣûʵҲţΪ˱𣬸Ϊ˱ǰţǿʼˡ
ͶԷУˣҲҪʱסЩ޳ܵʥˣ޲֫塣
ҪûԪ񣬿´˿֫ľ棬ԼҪԵġ
ߣܱˣһ챾ʻӱҪòʣ㻹䡣ۿ
ԼĳоȻ̵ġ
嶼˲źãֻ㿴ʥ˵ѡ˵
͵ۿһ뷨ۿҲ
µۿȻɵİѵһĿ׼Լڷչء
ҺãۿȻۿԼҲףʶ˺ݻҲͲˣɲ뿴ʥ˵ˣ뿪ˡ

ʥǣеĺ⣬еĺܲ
ͨ⣬࣬ԪҲ⣬֮ڶѡԼ
ԭʼȴܲ⣬ȷˣɸûȫСϺףֱɶ
ҪǴǰӦ˵ۿʥ˵棬Ƕ벻ҪĹһ˵

ڣʥȥˣִ֮һ
˿ʣµ壬Ϊĸ߲㣬һĵĸۿġ
ͥ
ۿһ۵壬ʱ򣬴˿̲壬ٺʣࡣ
ɲ˵ҡ
ͥյĻԻͣڸ߲˵ˣܵܣͥʼչˣ˵顣
Ŀһͥʱذۣͥĵص㡣
²ԼˣҲ֪ˡ
Ҫдǰļƻ֧ţҪڶȹ٣ǿˣǿѾĻ䡣
ֱǧǿָһ壬ٿٺĵһλ顣
˺ܶ࣬ʮֻʣ°󡢼ɡӤˡ
ʷ𣬱Ůʥ˴˲л꣬ת
ǿǾһγ٣һεĸգֻʱµǾˣһļҲʧˡ
˺۲Աʧһǡı
λڣʺοѵȥͬźۿ֪ôˣ˵仰Ĭˡ
£Ǵǰףһģҵܴңµ쵼޹أ٣ݹģһᲢһûУǶʧµĳˣܱԪѾ֤һС
ǰ¡Ҳ
ۿѣ˵ûޱ
ǰ硣
úܺˡ˺͡
ۿһ̾չܰλģ֪˿̵ĴҲ˷ġ
ֵ֮δ
£޾·ҪͥǲǺǰﱰСһǶй£ǵĴ裬ȻǱ£ǵ͵涨аǵĵط赣ǡȻָǡ
һߣֻܲϲԼʱ̱ǲҪġ
λѡȻޱվ˳
λѣƶһҪ˵һ¡ޱ
ޱľٶȻۿȸоƺ̫
λ赣ǣƶѾֲˣģλģֻƶϣλȫǿ˴ǰʦƶҪػĵط˵ǿʧأƶʦУ˺ͥǿգĵطˣԲܵ͵ҵȰǣλƶʱ䣬ƶȥǿػǿһʱ䣬ֱµǿ˳ֱ֣ǿĻָʱƶλģǰȥǵʱλ𲻻ӭƶͺá

˿ԭ֮飬ޱ˵ô͸¡
˵Цˣ֮һǵʣ𣿡ۿ
ʦΪˣ޾ΪĴۡ˺Ҳгƺʦ֡
Ǻǣ޷Եۿ̫һλ˵ƶʱƶ֪·ѺѣοЩܽ˿죬Ҳ˼ӳ֣ˣضҪиʶûУĸԸġޱ
ޱôһ˵Ҳ𣬺þԶˣʱޱѴҪǵý٣Ҳн졣̫һ̾
ֵ޾ҵ໥Žߵ죬Ǻǣ˵ǹԲˣʵڰˡ
ֻ̫һһתҶ̫һһգһٴ̤ǣ岻Ƿģ˭Ҫһ

岻
岻
˥ʤ̫̫࣬ίͳ޺󣬱̫һĻȼˡ
ʲսⲻǴġ
ۿ꣬Ƕ̫һ弹
껹ڣû磬Ͳᵹ¡

˺壬ʼ޾صԴǶɽϣҲǴǰõĺ֡
ЩսĴʬǣҲռҵµ֮غΪȥǾе档Ҳǲ־ţ嶫ɽһ죬Ǳ޲ҲǶ
㣬ֻĵټ˵Ķˡ
ȴ˵㣬аܡ˹Դ͵̣ʥʼжˡ
ˣ벻Щٶе׷ѣΪ󣬻ᶨµ֮ǿ֡
Ҫˣֻ֮ܺ˿Եжעһյġ
ҲкǳĬĵطѪ塣
һǿָһ󣬿ʼеһٺˡ
Ҫ˺ܶ࣬û뵽ûԪ񣬲ܱʥҲ˺ôˡ
Ȼʥ˼ɵĻƽĴڣƣʥ׵ġ
ô˵˺ܶࡣ


707 ζ
Ѫ壡
⡢սλˣҪǺ½ǻָ˺ܶ࣬˿˴λ鶼ٰ첻ɡ
λһܻƵ𣿡
ѹ֣ɫе԰׵ȻЦ
һӣĬˡ
վһΣҲĺģЩͬǸҲ壬ҲҲдսҲлⲻ˵ĳޣоһУĿʵ亹ֹμЩ˵ףڵѺ͹ѲͣλѣΪľšҲһĴսѡ۽ѡȫսѷŭײɽʹɽѣݣ屳޾ڤ˻Ȼֻء
ǿЦʵʵ˵
Ȼʱ˵ЦЦǿӣ֪ⲻ˵ѡ
ʲô˼
Ѻ⣿ʵ
ûʲô˼ֻǴ˿̵ľ棬õĽ֣ҲĽ֣ûҪѹ֣ûҪĬ⡢λѱ̹Ŵ־ȥˣȻȥˣȻ޷ˣŵĻҪǰʹʹҲʧȥ־ǵ·кԶԶλƶ֪ʮѪ񣬵ߵ·һ򲻸ѵ·Ҳ˵֮·ĵ·ϣ˵ˣҲ˼ǰλ⡢λѵ־ǰɣʹ԰ΣѾˣöˡ
ĻһĪıҲеͬܡ
ò˵Ļһϯд״ܴ
ֵһô磬ͷˡͷˣǰλѵˡ
Īһ仰˵һúܶԣȴоԡ
ѣĪǻһ䣿˵ɡʵ
ȷһ䡣һǣ㲻һϸȨߡ
⻰˵꣬ˣȴеˡ
ǰһֱΪֵܵԵʣԼĺܺϸ񣬵Ȩߴ壬ԼǱȵܵǻ׸ԡ
ʵʱԼӦվָҵʿŴһ𱯰
ԼȷһϸȨ߰
ܽˣĶ깰֡
ˣԼҪⱯˣԼȷò԰
ϣѽܹһ㡣֣ȴ˵һĪĻ
ѣѣ㣬㣿׺Ȼˡ
ĪҪģֻˣ֪ˣӦĸˣ뿪ϺһֱûȥֻƶĵطȥֻǿС˺ҸСĵĻҸͽ̵һ£ƶæµûͣ¹еˣ밲һ󡣡ƺ
ˣӻʱſ̫ѹ˺εĥѣֱ塢ħ˺壬һ·壬ٵٽһɱһƣһڳıߡ
׼ʥڵΪˣûﵽʱĿ꣬ȴﵽ˴ʱĿꡣ
ǵľȣõǣƶ䲻壬ôѾûʲôˡҲ˵ƶ̹ŴһָǴѪǺǣ˵䲻ҪƤĻƶãԼûʲô𣬶̹Ÿĺᡣ
Ҳ˵˵Цˡ
˸һָԼȾѪһˡ
ֵԣƶǾʹ壬ֻδܳʱڣҵȿʱġϢˣ͵صһʱˣƶص֮ؿλսĵʱƶ
˿
н죬ÿʣ벻ĳıߡ
Եʱ࣬ʱ̣ǿ壬˵幦˭ʱ׶еֲ塣
ӹɣ壬Ҳǿһ
˭˵ĹСˣ겻ǿģǻȴ岻ȱٵġ
ѣ㣬㣬ˣȻҪ뿪һʱ󣬲ŷ֣һ·벻λϻư
ȥ벻֪ΪԼȺ˭ĥĹͰ
ѣȻѾҲǿˣǵѷģֻҪͲԶĬȥһ죬һú֪ˡʱҶǰȥ³ɽ
˵꣬͵ص޾¸壬һݡ
˵꣬λס׶صĶһݡ
λʹãʹãɷƶˡæ㿪Բȡ
ʹãʹãѶĹףһݾֲģȻ徲һʱ䣬ռͽңɣҲ֪ܶ鱦òģȻѲȱ鱦ȻһҲãʮ鱦ͽʱҲܴСĪҪƴǣǲŵȥġ˵
⣿һ㶣ȷежðɣ¡
⡣
ɺϵǣҲʱ뿪Ҫ
λӦ֪ƽﰲţǧ׽Ҫ壬ϣȥػϣָܻǰļ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ƶĽᡣ
ɵĻˡ
Ǹˣ嶼֪
ܾǰֻغ󣬱Ҫתġ
սˣֻϺ
սˣڵȵתʱˣܾãǲȱĺܡ
ƽþȫҲҪܾãָܻܲƽĶ˵׼
ûֻҪһϣͻ֣ȥػҪתס
һʾ⣬ͬɵȥ
ΨսûиõȥҺˣԵϲս嶼塣
ܶԼ£ûУһʱ䲻þֻ
أսʡ
磬Ҫ𣿡ʡ
ңңսһ㶣Լû¿
û°ս
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ƿЦĻˣȻĵ˵ͷ
ããףںǿԴûҾͺǴһܣȥҲû˼ҸܵĶѡս֮Ϊ
ַӾۼأȷõĵطǻ
׼ʥս֮ĺӣһ׼ʥûƷһֻҪʥ˲ġ
ԣѪˡ
ȿȣӣӾˣ˺ˣĺëףں˷ܣӲ̫ˣͺӸɼʹġ
ǾǣĪҪ񣬵˺ˣһ١ǿҲ
ǲɣѾ˴Ҫȥķֱ֮ˡ
εҡͷ绹ѿţǻ
ѷģһҲǹܣҲǹܣ⼸ܵܶһһžˡо顣
ףڡݱʬǿȣúʵһӲࡣ
ǺǣǾͺáˣ˵Ȼƶʱ뿪ˣȵսʱĪҪ˻һϹϺٴνء
İɣһһ˵

˺ˣȥϺĻ֮ء
ɣȴǻһˣһۼĴɽУ׵ת
壬ڶݵĵԺԼΣ˵ģԼҪŬ
δƽˣƽΪ˽Ǿʹ˳Ĭȥ
οʼû̫ĳŵĳŵ
Լʥһ죬塢ʥ˽ɲĿʼ
ʱƽˡ

죡
ûٶһϺȻһӰĳ֣һνҿ˳ɴ
޾Ϻʲôܶǲ֪ġ
ӰҲ棬ϺԵشݱطԣϺеѣʼһصĲ޷̽顣
ǰ߿



708 Ϻ
һͰ
ǰûĵطãܾûĥģȻֻ߳ףҲһ󡣡
ˡ
Ϻʼû䣬ܺ仯ʼһʼһֳȻ̬ġ
ϺΧ˭ԣϺڲȴףϺڲ飬һѡ
ڲǸֵĴڣһǻ޾µĴڡ
˵ؽֹɱ¾ֻҪȫõ֤
ԣ޾κθֻ֣Ҫðᱻɱġ
ûиִֹɽεģԶϺصˡ

ףԵˣ
һ׼ʥֺȻ룬صܰԡ
ܰ޾ҲնȥһħΪ׼ʥڵĴڡ
ǺǣƶؼҶѡЦ
ܰһ̫ڵʩչ˻ǵϺĴڡ
ʵϸ˵Ϻ飬ңһ粻ࡣ
ϺطչȲ˾͵ĶأϺԵʣŶĲࡣ
ܰģҲǱ̫ӱģ˺Ϻѡ
ʶܰԶԺȻֵ׼ʥڣ侳ΪԼߵܲ졣
ˡ׾治֪ѣҲһ֪Ϻ黹еĸ֡ܰԵ
ǺǣܰԵˣ㿴˵ֻһģǲʶƶˡ
ףꣿܰϳˣӴΣÿ궼Ǹġ
û뵽Լ
ǺǣܰԵѻǵƶꡣЦ
ԭˣǵѻؼңܰеɻˣְڣҪѯһ¡
ģٽʱƶԻκһֱģѡħѡεѽˣƶоеˣʱƶ֮ء
ܰԵְĽһ
ðѼ£ְڣƶϲѻؼˣҾͲ˵ˣӦöסܰԵ
ģƶЯ֮ƶ׹أҲԽ
ţɡܰԶ
ܰԹ˹ֺ󣬽ڲҲĵط
ԽǿԽǸоĺֻǣûԼ֮أҪݷһˡ
һҪĵˣ˵ţɽ
һԼѹʱԼϲŭЦԼˡ
ǰһֱ壬Լĸ˺ܶ࣬ˣڿԼˡ
Ȼңʱһ𾪵鷢ˡ
ңֻ˵أۼ˺֮ܶˡ
Ϊ׵˳׵İˡ
Ȼ룿𾪵
˳ˣһ
һǣλˣˣĳˣٵ鷳ˡ
ԭ
ٽƿĿӱֲ󣬾һ٣ϴǰֻسڵõ˽⡣
ڲɽԨˣ꣬Բͷˡ
³ʱ幦콵˺ʥѹ壬ûˡ
Ҳѡ˵͵ڲ˷ܣ缸һ֪
ˣ֮ڱˡ
壬˲նʬ׼ʥľʮ߸
ӵģ˲˶ʮĸ׼ʥ֣նȥһʬֻǿʼܿնȥڶʬʬǿ׼ʥ
߲㱻ǯ˺ܾãֻܸ򾳽ĥģ粻Ĳȵģ߻ħˣµĶǵļᶨġ
նȥһʬ׼ʥھ磬Ǵڵġ
ֻ׼ʥڵľ磬Ǵ̫ʱ̾ļĥ
˵ʮĸ׼ʥʱնȥһʬȹһ¾նȥʬ֡
⻹µģµ롢λ
ǰİݺһʱĽӣĴڣļ
˵ĴڣۿȺļꡣ
ǻԪԲĲΣǿס
Ĵڸһ¶ҪܳʥĴڡ
ԪѾԴںϣֻʹΰˡ
֪жʥʥ۷ʵǿԪӺŮ洺̫ܶ࣬˿̵ġʵΪࡣ
˵˲µģ˲𣬾ûʥ˵ΰѣʥ˴ʱǺɣɱģΨһǯǵֶΣֻзӡǡ
ǿ壬ȷˡ

ʲôˣ͵زڿǣҪϺִɱˡ
Ҳˡ
ףϤòƼ
棬ꡣһ߲
壿
ߣһ㶣ճѾ˵ˣһ۲򵥵嶼˺ܸߵۡ
㣬СӣǲǼ㣿Ψ
һĵȻԼôԶһۣͱˡ
˲䱻ϳˣҪϺң궼ˣ˵ܲ
ˣֻõλ峤ꡣ
˵ȷǰйһ֮Եǰ½ѹǰָĥ̫ʱںǰйһ֮Եǰǵ
½ѹָꡢս˵ʱڣдĥǺйأ󾪶룬½ѹֺŷŹ˵ġ
ţ½ѹǰǸСһû뵽˷ǣּˣ㾹Ȼߣ
ңҡо鷳䲻֪峤ۼΪΣԲµݷõģԼùˡ
ϲλǰΪλǰأ롢
롢˵˵ͷ겻򵥣Ǹ˵ӡ
ʱ
ֻľˡ
Ǻǣλλʦλȥ
Ǻǣлľѡ
˺˲ˣң
˿󣬰ԼİҲȥӴݷþɽеɻ
Ѻ;ɽǰʶ
ܺ棬ɽһץģϺΪɽܾã˺ﵽ˵Ҫ˵ָ㣬ɽû࣬ǰնȥ˵ħ׼ʥĴڡ
ʶӦöƶҲʶȻ꣬Ǻܾúܾ֮ǰѹһλѹھɽǰʮ꣬ɼǵãЦ
²ףʱԼǱֶ˾ɽǣһֱݣ춼ǵԼˡ
㣿ǣԭǡꡯѣˡ
ܾúܾǰ컯˵һСҪѹԭ꣬Ǻܾúܾõļˡ
û뵽ĵѾȣԭǵѡ㡯˵ƿڣΨס
ǺǣǴøѹƶƶ˴ǰĴҲɽǰĿָ㣬˴˿̵꣬ǰ壬ˣҪݷøлɽǰ渵
ƣԵȣȥ;ɽ˵һֱûѣһֱǱ̫ݷܸ˵ģ
ˡ
޷Եȡ˵ң

ɽܲ죬˰ݷԼԼȻ˰ݷá
ֱһˣⲻǴǰԼеøеС
ʱԼɽСӱѹԼڳСӿ˳ۣĥһС۲һûʶԲŸð
ԣָһСӾˣ˺Ѷ
ΪôˣˣݷԼˡ
ߣһ߳ĵĴǰذߣ
ɽɻһǰûʶܡĴڣȻôá
˵ļǳˡ桱͡ꡱ
㣬㣬Сӣ
ǰٰ֮ǰɼһֱûݷǰҲûҺǰϣˣȻݷһ¡
Ҳáɽʵܴľګģ뷨ͼıʮɽȲꡣ
֮ǰɽǸտʼԴſµġ
ʵ꣬ɲǾɽܱȵģ˵޾µ
˺Լľ˵һ¡
ðٽҲˣû뵽ô˾ʡɽ̾
ҲۣⲻϢһ¡
ǧ··ǶʵǵɽĵĿȵúܡ
ôǱޣֲ֮ǰĸԽļᶨ
ȷǰ˵ǣûЩû˿̵˵ͷ
ˣ׼ʥĪҪǰˣǲƺѰɡɽ
ˡҲ
š

˺һ
Ϻ
ţҵ֮أʱӣ
ʱɽһٽôʱأ³ʱܰȫɣ
֪ٽѣʥλûأ³彫Ҫ𡭡ȵڶ飬ûô򵥵ġΪƽܾһʱ䣬տ˵ĳɽƽ˶ˡ
ǰҲΪƽһʱģۣͥ˶ǶǵĶµģӦóֲ̫Ĳ
֮ǰľôˣµͥƽˣƿص磿
֮ỹ໥Э
ĳ֣˵бˡ
ۺϣ겻ֹˡ



709 ̫ġ
ȴ˵峤
ѷӡǵһʱǰݷ̫
˵ģܴ˿̰ѷӡ벻̫İ̫оλʥ˵ȨȻ
ҽɺԼĴڣԴҲ˵Լǿ
˿̲֮ǰʱˣ֮ǰưԣھ̫ˡ
ӵ֮ǰʮֹ
ʶѰָ㣬ֻ̫

ݼ̫𣡡
壬롢ϋ֡
ʼˡ衭
ȫ߲ʮĸ׼ʥʼˡϋ֡ȫݵ
ɣǹϲ
ʴȣ벻ָ㡣
ǰлıӻѺܵԱȫȫıӻ¸л͡
塭
ҷ塭
ˣˣΪҲǵİǣҲ˱ĵ̫
ʴȣˣ;Ƕͣлİ޵ɵȺ»ᴦ塣
ĨǣıΪˡ
ǣĳ˵ҰģڴüͿݵƾ
ͲԸ壬ɲΪݼ̫˳ޡ
˵ĨڶԷ̫΢΢΢΢ҲӰ죬Ӱʤ
ˣĳ޺ìܣڱ˵̫ϲ
̫ףǹָԼģҲÿʲô
ֵ˴Ϊ
⣿
˳Ĭˣ˵Լļƻ
ǹ㣬
岻û˵˳Ӧи棬Ը干ˣԸƲ꣬Ը־ϣ֮徫񡭡
˵ģǳΪͼڡ
ӻ壬干ˣһĳΪͼڣӶõһЩˣֻ˵ߵĺ
Ŷǲ岻򵥣ܲ򵥣벻ջ񡣡̫塰ܲ򵥡˵һС
Լ߶ˡ
һҲæ˵˼ƻƣ干ˣΪ֮ͼڡ
̫󣬶ܲдջ񡣡
аճɹϾûгޣгޡ
ȻأҲвͨ
ϣдջ˫ջۣ˳˳ɷѳˡ
ͼ֮ˣչ׳
ȻȻǾˣȥͿɣʱ𡣡̫
»ֵˣ˵ǴҪ⡣
ˣǷŮ洺ӵˣһµʥˣʾѹܴŮǵĵӣð찡
岻ʥˣ׵ĳΪǲ밡
̫һף޷Լһ£ǣǴú⣬ԼŲᡣ
Ҫôǵˣֺ£
˵̫꣬ɫһ¡
˼æջҪԵҲĥǴӻĹһ㡣ֻǣֻǱϾǣŮʥˣŮʥĵӣǣǻ֣̿
ôһ̫ɫöˡ
µŮ洣Ҳ˳Լǵǵġ
赣ǣȵ£𲻻ġ̫
˿ͺá
ֻǵŮʥˣûе˵׵ܹþð֪ʱҲᡰģҪһ¡
л𡣡
ţ
£һ⣬˺̽ʣˣʵʥˣ
ǺⰡ̫Ҫˡ
˵ʥλôԼˣаյ˲Ŷԡ
߾
̫һ٣˵
֮ǰܴԴϣǰ£˱ʥ˹λ

˿
νҲںԴҲںϱԴ
ںϱԴĺôˣԼ
ҲˣΪԪ۷ƺһԼԼͻƣǾ绹Ϊ
ͻˣӦԴԼɵĴƣԪ޽ɵıݡ
ܵģеվضٵԼ
˵Ԫ޽ɵ·ʱ߲ͨˣֻ˶ΣΪʥˡ
ֻʩչʥ˵
οʥ˷ǱʥˣǸʥʥ˵նʬ
ټϵǱԪӵҪ˺ܶ࣬ΪҲ˺ܶࡣ
˾ãֻеõܽвѣʥ˶սֻбѹķݡ

лָ㡣˷ܵ
ĸ߲ҲܸˣʾԼ棬Ԥʥ˰ʥˣͲˣҲΣˡ

⿪ͷºڹһЩ뿪ˡ
飬Ҳ롢˲룬ֻ֪̫ͺʥǻ֪
ߺ̫ʱ
̫˺̽һ壬߳ˣ̫о
һֱĲ֣Ψ˴εı仯
֮ǰޡʳ͵ħ٣̫ûиı٣ֻһֱֶѡ
ʹǰʶйأ޷
ǵϵͲһˣ˴˴θ컻صı仯
ԭ߲ʵ߳ɶࡣ
ײȻû䣬ײ޹ؽҪҲǲãֻȥСˡ
Щ˵ܵùܲңϾһˣһһļˣµˡ
̫Ĵ˵ֻ˺ĵһ·µһѣпܹ鶼·ϵһ׶ΰˡ
̫Ϊ͵λעһĲͬͲоܣģֻǸоµһ·
˵µһĸأ
ûǰļ䣬Ҫ𣿲Ҫ
ϾߵĴڣЦһһֻأҲдڣһһֻء
ع⡣
һԼĲ֣˵̫ˣ˶߲߲࣬ǿ
Ҳ̫һΣһٸıôࡣ
֮ͺȺʹǰʶڵöˡ
֮ǰʶֻ᲻ϵ̫룬Թۡ
ʱ̫ҲԿֻܿʷݡ
ڴһˡ
ϵĺõľ档̫뵽
һˣ̫ĶһĪĸȻǾһнˡ
̫ĵ
޴ڣҲڣֻǻ̫Ը
Ĳһϸĳ֡
飬еԼݱͽ̫Դ
Ҳ̫ΪϲĲ֡ݱԭ
Ϊоı仯̫·ҲǵĽ
Ϊںĸȥбչء
ǰռ𻮷֣ľĸ֡
̫оģǸо磬ڻУûĸ֣ϸо
źĲϵܱȥ̫ܼĸо
̫֮ģ
ػ׳ģǳȫԼ·ƷԽߣ̫ܸѧϰԽࡣ
̫ʱ뿪ģҪȺĶõʱ򣬵̫糬Խĵʱ
ǣպĵܱٶȣ̫볬Խ̫ˡ
δ޾ûԽǰȻҪ֡о͸



710 ʥ˵ѹ
ˡ
죬
ԭʱ䵽ˣټʥ
ֻ׼ͨɽԪʼɽӡׯ۵ԪӡԼ活Ů洡
߸ʥ˲ʧڵȥ
⣬ѪͥĵۿͶ̫һԻֻغһֱƽﶼȥˡ
ȻϷĲɽʼ˺ͷԼ裬룬Լϋ֣һȥ

ȵƽĵĳõۿ̫һܲ죬û뵽ƽҲˣεԼҪ
壬ۿͶ̫һȻǺ֮ƽǾģҲУƽڤ磬ʥ˶Ҫӣò˵һߵ̫ˡ
һᣬλʥˡ
첻ģвӸֳޡ
ԭ꣬ʥΪˣûд֣ìѾºܶˡ
׼ῴͨнУ̺ͽؽ࣬ȻĵطҲͶࡣ
ºͽؽ£Ǻüδְ
ʶŻᣬ׼ͨѶ̵̰֪ܵǺ⣿۸˺
ͨȴһЦԼ²ѣ˵ЩãԼǣߣ˵ҶأӺιƵƵû
ѴԲӣĪҪŶ˵£ǵ£Ǻ飬αĻ֣ˡ
Ŷͨôǵ˼ǣҽؽ¿ȥˣ
ͨͷн׼ỹ˵䡰صʲôǶԵá󡱣벻Ƶõ˲棬ͨ첻ţеĻ¶׼ġ
ƽ׬˺ʲô¶׼ᱳ
ȻνĽ˵ĪҪ֣֮
ܱͨӣҽؽȥ̰Լģ򶫷ע⣬Ǳɡ
㣿׼һŭͨĻơ
˭֪̺ҪǱȥˣԻٸ
ԣԲֱܳĽɣֻƿ¡
ôԼҪƤˣֻҪԸҽؽȥ̣ǽҽؽ¾ͨ첽Ƶ
ˣ˵һơ
ӡԪʼԪӵȣȴĬǾʲôһ
Ԫӣ̣޹غûֻͬ
̺Լ̽ͨǵʲôԼܵѹġ
ͨƵܵ׼ᣬԪǿֵӣʱ뵽˻ˮ̷Χڣϵ̽ͽͨȥҲá
һתȻúܣȫȥ֮ĵط̵ġ
˵һԪӡ
ͨ첻ɵԼԪӵʱ޳ͻԼеȥԪӣ׼ᵱԼɵɣˮԼԸ
ͷ׼ģ̵ĵҽؽ̶Ȥƶи׼λѵĴǺѧλȥֲƶĺͨ
Ԫ˲ˣ׼⣬ͨʾҪ°
ͨѹȻͬˣƶһ̾λѵҲȻֲƶҪͨ׽׽ԪЦ
˵˵ͨԪӵĻӦЦ
ǣ׼ˣû뵽˾Ȼôα˶ܸ߰ô޳ˣȻϡ
׼ˣԼղŵôˣƵһˣˡ
ϣ˵˵ѣǽ
ʶ׼ʹ˸ɫ˲˵ˣ¼˵ȥԪӺͨϵһˡ
׼ῪʼˣҲҪ鱦ˣϸ˵ԼµĸֲȽؽ̲Ϊµ鱦٣Ȳƴֵͨ죬Լʧܡ
ԼҪѪˣҲװһ¡

ࡱ壬ǿˡ
ʥ˱Ϊ߸ϵģԭΪҲ᲻ҪĳƤΪʥ˲ֻѹɵĸأ
ԼˣΪʥҲԼһġ
ȻҲ˲֮ͬⲻ֮ͬǣʥ˵ƺġ
Ϊʲôô˵أ
Ϊʥ˲𰡣Ȼʹ˭ɱ˭˭Ҳ˭ֹֻȥ
Լʥ˵Ĳ֮ͬԼȺǰǰ𣬵˹ؼʱ̣Ҳľ档
ʥ˵ƺԼǰƣܲһġ
Լʥˣ˵佾ĻʥƵĹԼ
ΪԼǳģǴôġ
ʥֻܴƵķʽеϲ̨棬Ƶе͡
͵ۿ뷨
Ϊʥߵĺ˳֮ӵľͳʥˣľԼ֣޾²һ˿רעơ
˵䲻ЦĻǳʵǿԼ⣬ȲԼ
ԼҪǳʥˣʥ˻Լᣬʥ˲ԼҲᣬĿԵʥ˵ġ
͵ۿ֪ǡ
Ҳλʥ˶ǵǵĵط
ǰ̫˵˻˳ʥʥǾʱţʥ˲ԭ
һǣ̫ͺģͬⶼУܲ˰ҪǹܵˣǾԻֹ̫ͺʲôʥˣǾ͹ˡ
ڶԭǣһֱпܳʥĴڣ͵ۿϣǵбġû뵽ûˣǰʥΪҪɱˣԭ
Ĳʥ˾͵ˡ
˭ʥ˵Ψ͵ۿ̫ףƿ꣬ҪǳʥˣԼƲ˰
ˣ˴ʱľ档
͵ۿʥ˵Լǿ
ʥ˺͵ۿʥ˳ʥˣԼܡ
໥ɵ໥жԣǴʱľ档

ڸʥˡĻ̥ʱ
ȻһˣΪ׵ˣһȡ
λѡϲλΪ׵
ǵͯӣʥǿ𣬵ǲ۲۵ϼһﰡȻʶ롢ˡ
лѣ޾²ѷɰ
Цˣλ롣
ʥˡ
ԭԭλ
ϹŵİڣԼδʱ򣬾ѱѹĴڡ
Ц˵ԼֻСѣλԼȳ˽ҳʥˣĻȲ
λѡʥ
λѣ

ˣʥۿк
˲סʥ˵ܾȣסˣ˵ǿܽӽʥˣҲԶʥ֮¶ϣ½ӽʥҲϡ
ʶ˵ˣ󵨣̫Űһ棬ʵΪԵβҵʥˣ
ӵѴԪ֧֡
ӵ
ӡ
ղŻìصʥ˲ͳһսˡ

Цˣ˲ĳ棬Ԫںôܳƺȵѣ
ͦ
棬Ѫ𣬵˲ܺۿҲʱƽദ
˿̣ʥ˶ɵʱ̣˲ɵȻͳһս߷³ˡ
ʥȴһ⻹ǵһ֪˲
֮ǰֻΪǱѹˣû뵽Ȼˡ
ټ˵Ϊ˵ֻҪкԻʥ
ҳʥֻԪԲľ£ֱǳԽԼġ
ȵۿв̫ˡ
ʥˣΪ޵ˣû뵽ôвô
ţȻԪԴϲһƺѲΪƻԪӣʥ˻ԥʱĿˡ
Ϊ鷳ˣֳϹղԼʥ˻ڶòֺأû뵽ִвˡ
ԣԪ·˲Ǿʱ³ˣԼкô
ţɳƺѡŮҲʦ任Ӫ
ƣҲ
еˣȻͲ˰ɡ
ǳ˵ĵλֻʥײѲˡ
лԪӵŮ洵ѣǵͽǰչˣнյĳɾͣҲ벻ĶͣԵҲмӡһЦ˲俪ʼԪԼŮ洽̸ˣĴæԪӽϵ
ȻҲʼ׷˵Լ̫Ĺϵ̫ΰȺû̫ûǡ
֮ǻ񽱸һһ̾˵ֵģһжߴеĳȻڲϲסˡ


711 ޼ʥ
ʥܸп
ǿޱȾ;ԶǿĴڡ
̫мӡ
ǰ֪̫ٵʱѹģ˵ĸܲһġ
ƽĵѣѴǻֶۡƽĿʼˣƽ̫Ҫˣġġֻʥˡ
⼸λʥ޵УĿһаɡ
ȴı㣬ƻĺܣ֪˭Ҫ
ԪӺŮ洣ԼȺҪģƽˣ䲻˲佨еĹϵܳΪˡ
ҲԪӺŮһûӵĺƽһ
˲ʥ˸о˾޴ѹҪǳʥƺԼаȲ˰
ʥ˶ȱݣġ
ѵǵԲĺôôԽӴԽֺҪأʥ뵽
ǰ̫ͱʥǿʥһηֵĺô
ǵڶΣԲȱݡ
ʥȱݷŴ󣬳ԵԸȱݡ
߰ĸ߰ſſΪĹԲرȵȡ
ȱݣ治һԲüң˼ԸҪԽʥ
֮ܶʥеѹˡ
Ȼ˶ƽһۿнһ¡
ܾλѣҵȶûλ㣬Ź߹٣λ֮澴塣͵ۿ
ۿҲо鷳ˣĵôôס
ֵۿѣǰˣ˺ȷòԣΪȺӦף廯ɸΪô
Ի⣬ǰ屳ѵĳˣ̫Ű⣬Ҫȹ̵ĵ֧Ű
ȻҲڿΪۿͬ⣬ѵۿɵͬĶ֡
ۿɵĲͬ⣬ô
ѵۿӶлȥûǻ۵ʣԼۡ
ǺǣȻ˵Ǿ͹ȥˣϾҲйۿ
Ȼô˵Ŀ˵ۿһۣĵһаԼԸۿɵĲӦһԸһǡҪ޺öˡ
ãܺãѴȣ뿴ƺŵһЦȴѵۿɵͬĵˡ
˺һԵۿ˴ǰġìܡ
Ȼ˴˶ײĻìܣֻһʱĲ໥ɱѡ
ֻҪһɱĻᣬ͵ۿŹ˴ˡ
һļλûԡ
мλʥ˺ܲˡ
оˣۿϣ㶼Խ̸ˣȻʥ˲䲻
ǣǱ˼ˣ˼Ϊ
ó˽ۣҪǰŶˣһûȽ
ֻԽһһԽһеӣоϵģǺϡࡣ
ôԽԪŮ洡ۿȣȻںݽ
λ˲ˡ
ò˵ȻôвǱȿʼ˼ĸˡ
ҪǷڴǰ˼ųΪ˰ɣʥ˵ϲơ
ڣˣҪ˼ˡ
˵ĳ֣ʥҪ˼ˡ

ˣˣĿԪӵ˵Ľ̸
ʦҲ˵λѵ׳٣λϲɺءԪӵ
͵ۿֿʼԪˡ
˵İҵǵĶ͡
˵ȷĸл̫̫ǰͰԽһ鷳׬ȡ¡
ӪϺҲл̫Լѹչˡ
һߡ
ﴴ壬мӣܷһݡҲţŮĻ峤ĽֱӰݼŮˡ
Ȼ峤󣬾ͽȥˣڲ峤ˣֳɷˡ
Ůû뵽ô飬ȥľ壬ġ
Ů벻ġ
֮ҷһ塭ܵõǽĸ
̸
һĻʥɵۡ
ǵĺҲѹô󰡡
תۿƽ
ƽʴȴǻۡϋ֣ǹάˡ
ƽžҲ˵Ĳ˼ˣϋȥ͡
ʥ˼ˣ
鷳ˣȸ̾
Һã
ֻһϲһѹɨ
ףʶˣֻЦ
Ȱݼʦ𣩡
̫̫ˡ
ţɡ̫˻˻֡
̫үأˡ
һ
ˣĵ֪ү֣ǲк
ʱ
̫ѡ

ֻˣƺڵ̫һ
˶Ժһݼ
ˣ˵ĽҲֹͣˡ
ֻΣ˷˼һĻ
ֲ̫٣߸ϡ
ǵͰĵطȻһλ
ʥܾȣ˭λ
ɻʱֻƽģڤ֮ƹڤ硣Ȼֻأڤ磬Ӧдλ°ɡ
ʥˣѵԼ˲֪飿
ǰֻΪ˽ףҵʥ˵ʵѵ⻹ƽĵ֮
ƣѴֻأڤʵ롮ƽѸͷǺѴ߹򣬶ˡ
̫Ľͣ˲仯ʥɻҲʥһȡ
ֲúҲʥˣΪαԼǿô࣬ԭġǹϵģʵҪǴ߹
֮ǿû˵ԼʲôӹɣҲһֺƽġ
ʦΪߣ̲סˡ
̫꣬һЦԲö˵һЩˡ
壬ԲΪߣǰδԲ˿̺СԲߡ
ֵ֮һΪ£֮Ҳ£߲纣ֻܴĩһ˿
ʥп
ԭԲҲˣ֮ǰҲߵһ˿
˿ǡһ˿ɡһɡˡ
ߵķ֧岻һˡ
ƺͨˡ
ѵ󲻽ˣĽˡ
ˣ˲ȻߵĳƺҳʱĴԲʱ˿ֻǸոСԲѣȻƺͿɡ
˵꣬˵˵ͷ
ֻɻˣߵ׶ǿ
˿̵ĺôǿˣȻֻһɵСԲߣѵǴ
ʦ壬ΪΣ
һԻԻˡԻԻ硢Ի޸ߵ֣֮Ϊһеĸ
˵꣬˵һ뵽
ѵǵǿԭ򣬵Ǵߣ
Ǿð˾Ųʮˣûһ̫ѯʡ
ʣʦߣ
ۺϣΪ塣
˼ǣǵۺϣ¾ߣߵĶǴ
ĵȻ
ԭߣǴµ֧Ҳ˵˴
ˡ
ʱ̫Բʶд仯ʥ֮λ塣ȻʥҲоʵ֮ߵ֮ͣĻ졢ءڤ޼ʥˣƽģǽڤ֮޼ʥˡʣƽֻں֮¡

ֱӻ̿ˣƽĶˡ
Ƕʥˣ׼Ҳ㾪ȣ޼ʥͿˡ
ʲô޼ʥ̫ˣʥ˶ԵȵǻԪ޽ɣ޼ʥ˶ӦģǻԪ޼ɰ
Ǳʥ˸һεĴڰ
ɺ޵ǣԼȻ޼ʥ˵ӵߣƽľȻԼҪ߹ˡ
ʦ޼ʥ˿оԪӶˣ˭
ֱ̲סˣνġСľǴ˿̵߸ʥˡ
Ȼǣˣһж˵ľ񡣡̫ĴǵĻ롣
ǣǣҲǱˡ
Ǻ飬һϣʥ˲ʥ˵ôȫݻУ˭ĻԵ
ʦʦʥʼˣǻ޵ĺӣԪŮ活ȣʼ̫ͺˡ
ˣ̫һȡ
޼ʥ˷ǱѴʱܾҲĪҪãú۸򣬵ȴԵ٣ץסԵ
̫Ļʾ˲
ʥˣ߸ϹˣȻ͵˵бǻҪ˻֣ɵˡ
ˣʶƽĵλ
Ļû˵һһȦǾźʧ䣬ûǾϲ
ƺһȦֻǲΪƽܱǸһͷ
ƽȴİõˡ
Ҳˣ̫ˣһλ޼ʥ˰컯Ū˰
Ȼǰ˵ģǹƽģ忴ƸԴ񣬵ԼĺӣǲԶˡ
Լ壬ǰ޾ĥѣƽ֮ˡ
޼ʥˣԼǰܵﶼ°
Ȼһʧ󣬿ʼƽˣԪӡ
Ȼ뵽̫˵ģ֮ԼĸֻҪԼǱĸ򣬻ĻԵгԼĻԵ
ϸղ̫˵ģ졢ءڤ޼ʥˣԪӿʼˡ



712 ֮ͥԵ
˴ټȣΪٽдףȻ壬֮Ѿɢ֮ѡѾʺͳͥ
ûʥ˵ʧ䣬˵˴˴ټǵҪԭ
ʥԼ壬ʼˣ޼ʥ˺ңԶҪġ
ʵ棬ǰȻ׶ô󹦵£֪ȥδۿʵ
עģȥδӣ˿֪ġ
ۺģû߲֮ˣĴʥ˽ɣĺ忴ţ߲úȥδأ
Ѿأ̫
ǰһֱ̫֣ã̫ض͸ҵȥˡ
š̫˵ͷ
ȥ⵺죬ҲǴǰתɵŨѾ顣ֻǣɵ䲻ȴ򳤾ðȣвԴвУҲ޺Ͻģȥɵһд󹦵²ɵǶٺɵ飬ЩҲƣۿ̫һȥ̻ǡ
⣿ʥˡ
ĺ°ôһ㶼Ҫûˣµĵطˣ
ѵô˽תɵˣ
ôΪʲô
ۿɲЩֱӸ̫ˣ⣡ͬ찡
ۿ̫һлл𣡡˼
Ȼֻ̫Լԭ
һǣԼǰڴֲڵķ½ɵȷûѹ˿ΪߵĲŴ޽ɶѡ
ңڸ첻޾ڰָ޾û׼ʥΪҽ롣
⵼£ÿϵĴ޶һʵۣÿɵٸ
ÿϣҲˣ޽ɣǱǿʼˡ
̫ϲˣѹайľ飬ȥͳЩҲã˳ˣֻǿʼĪҪſ
ڶΪ̫״˺򣬽ЩɵںϽδɽ硣
ʱȥһ½ɵ飬ںϽɽʱһᱻĵĽɺ͸̻ˡ
ϾС׺һϼ޻Ĳܱȣκη棬ͨΪ硢ĵȵȡ
ýеۿȥʰһһ̫ûʱȥЩ
ҹðϽδɽ硣
ʴ̫ˣֻɵͽôС
ǣ̫ãȻЩɵܷβܣܿⲻ̫ĵġ
Ȼǣ͸ǻȥȨȥȨȥǡ
˵ʼǲƽܺõĹںϽɽʱ鱻пĺĻΪһҡ
ۺأ̫Ƹܴĺôǻġ
Ŀռ䣬̫鷳ҲԼġ
̫ЩɵԼĺӣںӡ㯡ˣӦһ¡

ʥ˺ƣԪƣ룺ʦ𰡣˭ʦôõȻӣǸ塣
ʥҲƣôɵ˵ÿܴ󣬼һ½Լĵطˣǲƽ
֮ʥ˰ԪӶˡ
̫ɲǽͣҲ޷ͣܲ˵ЩɵʧģȥҲûã
οԼתɵԼôžôţʥҲʹ
ܹҪƽģʥ˺嶼е̣ڤѪ
Ҫǲƽô᣿
ҪҪ˺ȣ͵˺ݻĺȣ˺ݻĺȣ赲̫оĵ·Ҳ谭̫ĵ
֪̫ûơ

ǳ䶨ˣˣǰۿ֪ȥδӣڰˡ
ȻۿͶ̫һˣʼЦǺǵĿۡ
ͥ˭ƹܣʣ
ʦͥҪΪʦϯӣãͥеƹܡֱӵ
ִԲףˣΪ˽̽Ѿҵȣƿͥ㲻ƽ⣬ҲԪʼҲˡ
ʲôֵܣڿɲֵܽʱԼǱܴġ
ʶԪʼֱӷӡ
˳ص˵ˡˡǸӺŮ£ʾŮӺгģɿסˡ
ΪҲԪʼ仰ŪˣֵԷֿԽԽԶˡ
֮ǰȱˣԪʼͨ컹أ
ڣͨԪʼԹŮǵģôȶأ
⻹꣬Ԫʼ˵ˣҲµڶ࣬Ҹǵõ֮Ʒк͵мѣͥϸҲƹܡ
Ԫʼ˵꣬Ȳ˵ӣʣʥҲŭˡ
飬ӲУˣֱӱˣǲ
ԲӣҪ˵ҽؽ¶࣬ҸмѣǵƷвѡǴӶ౦ƹͥҽؽܺܺõƿءͨ٩٩̸
ԪʼӲᡣ
׼ʾˣȥˣֱӴͨ졣
ͨѴԲӣ˭֪²β룬ڤ粻ë֮ͳͥʲôͬԣѴԲףҵµӵƷ񣿺Ǻǡ
׼һЦݴС֮ͽҴӵע⣬Ѳϰɣ
㣿ͨԽ׼ԽܣĶôǺԼԣҿԼ˰̣ŵ棬˵ԼĵӴͽע⡣
ԣڶ࣬ҵĺƷмѵ̣̺ϸƿͥƶ񤣬ֲ׼˵˷ˣԪˮ
ֵԶӵֵ̣ӵƶСˣֻҪͥԪӵѵĵ̾Զ֮ӣԪӵأ
ԪӶеĶˡ
ԼʥԵ£֮⣬ԸԼṩˡ
֮ڣԼĵ̵ȷˣֻҪ̲Լĵ̣׼֤ܲ
ͥãԼʦ飬ʦ˵ǽͥҪ
˲֪Լ
Ӧ׼ᣬ˺ԼóıͥʱҲ׼Լı֮ͥľС
뵽ˣԪĶˡ
ʥ˲ˣеġ
ɣ˾ٲɡ
׼Ҫ̰
УУ
̺εºܣ

ʥ˿ʼˣ첱ӴֵģӣǴ˵˺Ҫˡ
̫һѣˡ
̫˵ͷ
ֻɫˣʱѹ˲ʥ侲ˣˡ
֣ɺͳ
ʦˡӴˡ
ˡȴˣ

ʥʼʵˡ
ߣȻ鲻Ҳĸͥȶ
ֻ˵ʥɫˣˣûԼķˡ
Ȼ
ֻأ
ৡʥס嶼еɡ
ҲˣǸ
ү˹ĵ
˸ܾˣҲ˸Ų֮㣬֮ͥƹܰɡ

ʥɵˣ塢סҲɵˡ
˲һ亹ǣ˲Ľ任ɫе㱯ˡ
ӹɵģʥΪͥ첱ӴֵģСһﾹȻ֮ͥʥʹ
еΪɽ⿿ɽʱ̳ģǿģĹʥˣ
еͬˡ
ʥǣԤƵģصɫˡ
ؼˣû룬Ǿ뵽үԵ˭ҲԼӣҡ
˼ʱ򣬸ľϲˡ
ֻ̫Сһﲻô꣬ûйҲпͣͥ
سװˣʵ͵֧֣˭ҿǣ
̫ǰͺͺˣղʥᣬֻϷѡ
иģ̫СһҲи飬ӻĹСһԼϹϾ̫Ҳͦ˵ġ
ǣͥǻԵҲĥ
ȹĥصĳɾ;ʥˣԽ
Ҫ֪ǽͶӰǧ磬ǳͥ
Ҫʧˣⲻ
ºӻҲⲻֻһģʧ۵λҲûˡ
ֻ˵ǸĻԵҲǸĿ飬Сһˡ
뵽ˣ̫ܶ²˵̫ûǣֻҪ̫߾ͺá
̫ء
𣡡˹ص
һ󼤶Ļ㱣˿ʼļԴ侲ˡ
үҪģү޴²ûǵġ
ֻҪָһԼˣǲǸǡ
̫֪ǿĥҲĻԵҪΪͥ˼󣬱Ǳ𶼲ײ֣һпԼǻˡ
̫仰Ƕ˵ˡ
ܲˣ̫ϣдΪԭ켣пһ
ǵ𡣡أǸ̫һ
ˣ̫Ҳգ˸򣬱Ե
ֻ̫һӣгˡԵ
˲䣬⡰Եʥ˶Ľˡ


713 ֮
ֻ̫Ʒ
ÿһɢĵϣҶǾŲϣ֣ܿó򵥡
̫֪ܶ鱦ԼóɣȺóá
˵Լóͺļֵǿʼղ鱦𺳡
ֻ̫һ֣
أ
ڡع
̫˵켫Ʒ֧˱ƷữʮſƷ˺ͥУÿԪᣬÿŻʮſŹӣ˻и򾳽硢ĥġֻصĹЧΪͥ¡
̫һ֣ƷΪһģصС
л𡣡غϲ
ƷܲϵĽӣ鱦ҪãϾ鱦һʮſƷԴԴϵĽӵġ
죡ֵ̫
ڡ칧
̫һֻ֣Ž𵤳С
˱Ƶʮת𵤣޷£˲նȥһʬɾ׼ʥΡ
˻˾ˣǿᰮӡ
Ҳƾת𵤣ʮתûȻֱͻ׼ʥ̫ˡ
ǣ̫һת
ǣɵնʬ˺󽫻ᶨͣҲ˵ֻ׼ʥˣҪǲˣ˽𵤶׼ʥĴ޽ãԸŸߵȴкҪʹá

ʥ˿ҺûԼ죬ûһ㸱ã̫ˣⲻϺת
ǵ֮ԣл𡣡켤
ΪԼ׼ʥְɾ׼ʥ̫ˣΪߣ׼ʥ
Լ˵пޣЩ׼ʥĴޣȴƴҲҪȡ
ңٺʣµ׼ʥˣҲˣԼֻҪúʹã˵о޴ջ
º̫Եˡ
ֻһԲӡ
˱ʱմ򻯶ʱմʮɷ󣬺Ƕ󷨣Ҳòˡʶ򻯵ʱ󷨴ˣɵʥ֮еĹΪͥػ󡣡

ʥԼˡ
Ȼȫͨʮת𵤣ǼƷ󷨡
󷨼򻯶Լʱմȣ󷨣ܰ
μˣ󷨣Լͥȫˡ
ֻҪʥ˳֣ͥͲΣա
ʥ˿ɲͥûǸʥ˸
л𡣡ֹˡ
ղŸ̫򣬵õԵҪ֪ˣ򼸴ΰ˻׬أ
ƣ˱˵ĻԵ˺Ϳ˵Ŭˡ̫˻֣ص
˵̫꣬ĿˣˣҲһССĲְɡ
أﵽԼҪǽ󻹿ԼǴﲻǾû취ˡ

ʼˡ
ܵõ̫ѵĶͣ˴ԵĪҪ̫ʧ
ǣү죨أṼү͵Ķ͡
ƣ
ֻһ֣һء
˲ˣһСͯģ϶ׯϵۣĸ
صΪҲ⣬ֱ׼ʥڡ
ͯӣɷϣ˶׼ʥĲΣкԽô򵥡
أ
ү
ֻҲʼˣҴĶʥ˶ۺ졣
Ҳ̫ȺԵʡ
˼ƷˮңữǧٿңΪ£֡
ֻһ֣ѼƷء
⿴ʥۺ죬̫мƷʥǶû
ڼֻһУ˵˼Ʒ鱦˫嫣Ϊ㹥
ʥѾˣƷ鱦Ǵֱʡ
ǣֱʻ档
ֻһ֣һˣһ򵥡
˼Ʒ鱦˫Ϊ鱦һɡ
˵꣬ʥ峹ˣֱʣƷ鱦һƷ̫еզ࣬ԼУ󷽡
£кִ֮˵ġ
лүͣزүĴ裬ǰԼ״ӿ
ţ˵ͷ죬죡
ڡ
ֻ౦үүǳ鱦һһһ
콣쾵˼Ʒ鱦콣ѹͥ쾵һɡ
⡪
˻
ʥ˺ԼˣƷ鱦Ǿƥôأ
̫ʥ˶ò
̨̫̫Ҳòƥװ
ò˵ֱʡ
̫ңҺԼȴˣҪں֮ԼӶûˡ
лүͣ춨үڴ˿ׯأ۵ͯӳһģȻѹ
ʽͥͥ󣬿ѹƻס
ν춨֮ˣҲǸߵĺô߸˧
ƣ˵ҵҵعƹͥ˳Ӧ
һ̵
ʥǺѹһʲôôûУȴϳ֮ͥܡ
һᡭ
˺ʥ˲Ÿѯʱġ
ǰΪ˽ˣĺ֡
Ůֻվ̨һ֧Ԫӣʣʥ¶ˡ
ںôûˣͥҲصˣǺĵĵ̸Լ˰ɣ
ʦԪʼ̲סʵ
ĪҪʣжȽȴڣϲܳΪ֮֮Ϊ壬춨
⣿ʥˣв²⣬ĴȻܰ
ʦһ㣬ܳɾ̲֮סˡ
ߣʲô˼Ϊβɳɾ֮Ů֮ɣŮ洲Ըˡ
ʲôԲںΪвںıǮľϲ̫ˡ
ʱ䣬ٽû뵽˲ǣɰŮֻˡ
θ岻򵥣ٽ壬ˡ
ݷ֣ܾǽ֮
ŮΪ˺˷ܣҲɣ˺þûҵ˺󣬿жԵ
ܻɣоԼݴˡ
˵ÿ֣֮ежԵΪƽת
лʳжԣжԣħжԣжԣжԵȵĶ֡
ûҵŮ活ˡ
ڸղţ׿˵ˣ֮Ů洼ˣĸжԣԼܴ
ĬĺӶһۣҪ˸Ҵѹ壬ԼгҲҪʱϣ˭޳ܵҲأ
ȻѹˣһﾹȻԸˡ

Ů洶Խĺǳ⣬һ㶣
˵ʲô۸Ů֮Ϳɬˡ
ĵŮ֮û˭۸㰡ǿҶ򲻹ô۸㣿
ȻûڣԪʼͨ첻ˣԪӶе㲻ˣҪʦãԪҲҪˡ
Ů洵ѣ˵û壬ܱ֮ͨ
ǣһԪʼ
ȿȡӿˣλʦ˵ˣ춨֮Ϊ춨Ȳ᲻װɣ
Ӿɵһʵͨ졢Ԫʼ׼һ졣
Һ׼춨Ҳʦµģʦľ죬һˣߴʥˣʦ͵𣬻˻һ֮
ʵ׼˵Ǵʵ
̫ȴˣһ֮֮ȿף

һ𾪣ʥǽ𾪺öˡ
޼ɣߣߡ鱦ٵ˿̡
λʥ˹֪ʲô̫ˣһδγǵĵġ
Ȼ˵춨֮ⲻܰ
Ӳ˼ʡ
û֮޶ԵȵᣬҲҵĥңɸı䣡
̫ġɸı䡱ʥˡ
ƣ춨Ҳɸı䣡Ҳ
ˣ̫ͺ̬ˣʾûػصˡ
λɵˣŮ洺Ӿϲˣֶһۡ
ߣŮ洼òˣղϵûˣ춨㲻ɸıˣӸɶӦ˵ġ
ߣҲһԼԪӴϵģŮģⲻˣŮ洣ڲúӦ˵ˣãã
һߵҲ𾪣һֲĸо
Լȴģж֡
ôûˣ̫ˣ
Ǿĥѵתһ룬Ҳǹƽġ
˵ʥ˲ܳʥ˵岻ܳʥˣ
ûʥˣ֮Ҳǿܰ
Ҫǣж֣ʥȽϡ
廹壬˼һ֣Ըж֣Ҳûʥˡ
Ⱥûʥ˴ڣʲôҲð
ͦġ
ǳ˽ʥˣԼԼеӣԼ˵ս
Ȼ
Ȼ
ǲ׽Ļֵģֺɽɲġ
̫Ҳչһµģסʥ˵ġ
Ҫɳ׵Ŀˡ
ֻǣڲ˵ƣҲҪĥ̫ûΪԭ켣УεεĻ䡱
Ե󣬳ΪκģҰݡ


714 ͥ
̫˵ɸĺʥǿʼ˼ˡ
ƻ֮ˣǾֻܴˡ
ֱʱʥǼеļƻպֵˡ
ֻ˶һۣԺ̫ʵ棬λʥ˵ξ
жʱδ˵
̫Ҳ˵ͷ
ʣλʥˣʱʱͣĳɾɷڤ磬ʥҪɾ޼ʥˡ
ݳƽ֮ģ޼ʥˡ
ʥ̫ͺѾоˣ롢͵ۿ
˵꣬ʥ˿ʱ䣬ʱʥ˳
ҪھͶˣ綨ĴڣǵΪʥġ
ҪǳʥˣǾΣˡ
ȥɣ˴ζ֮֮ͥʱٴټǰ
˵̫꣬ͺĬʧˡ
ʥˡ桢Լء
̫ͺˣǻᣬæʼλʥ
κΣʥ˱̫ˣìȴʲôûţȻء
ԪӡƽġŮ洵ȣǿ콻̸˼⣬ʣֱûˡ
һԪӡƽġŮҲˣֻ塢Լˡ
һգ⼸λʥ̫ԼˣԼļλʦ
ԼôҲ֮ͥȻԼѰˡ
ϲλѣϲϲȣ᲻ӡ
лλɫ˵㡣
ѣʥ֮½ϣҵϣʥǲῴġǣһʥ˿ԵĪҪơ
󣬶˹˹ֵʵԪӼλѻãү£˵Һصʦ֣ȴǶԴҵмǡ
ǣ塢׼ǣ˼ҵºƽԼɫ˵˼䣬Ƿܡ
ܺõĹЩʦǣֱԼãͬΪʦֵء
ѣȻλ㿴ǸʱҲ
ǰѣ滹ǿ㡣壬ʥǾϣʥ𣬸߸ϵģûҪۿҲʼˡ
ֵѣصͥصѶͥϤκεɻ󣬵ۿţǿ԰һ¡
ѣҲǡ
ѣ塭
ѡ
˲䣬ǣ׷׵ıʾ֧֡
ǲɵҪţʥ޵Уɱɵˣûĵˣֻ棬ֻȺ
ΪȺûʲôģʶ׷ױʾ֧֣ǵۿ
ۿˣõ˵˵ģɵܲ㡣
Ψһľǣ㹻Ĺ£˺õʱѸٵĳʥ
ΪĿ꣬ȶͥԸ⣬ֻҪйº˿ãûʲôԵġ
Ҳ뷨
棬䲻Ҫ³ʥϼ޻ǣͥҪ˽¸Եо޴ջ
ʶʧȥʥˣȴõԼ֧֡
Ǳ仯ԭ켣͵ۿԼ桢붼ˣûԸ졣
һβһˡ

ںرԴ֮أ̫Զ
ѣҲݳ޼ʥ𣿡̫ʡ
ʧ˴˵ء
ѣСԲ˽ϵҲˣλ޼ʥʱԿ
̫˵ͷȴǸо仯˺ܶࣿ
ǺǡЦˣЦϵ̫û
ȫѴǰָݻ᱾ΪһøӵĵĮȴָ˴ǰĸ顣һһģϵĻָˣȴݻ֪ˣ޼ʥˣϵҲ֪⣬ֻҪתϵǿԼľˣǣתϵҲԽԽˣ˵ƽһһġ
Ŷ̫ϲˣ˵ǰµĶˣȺܱһʱ䣬Ѷɾĺ
ƣϵݣĴԲʱ߳ںϽģ߹ɾʹʱĵõ㣬ϵܹԲĳѶع鱾ҡ
ء̫źҡҡͷ
ǰ硣ͲţСԲԲڻ硣ܹϣǣЦ
ǺǣҲǡ̫Цڴģܹϣȴƿغʱѵһ졣
̫ȴҲڴݻĻΪԼĸ򽫻޾ֻҪⲻϽĺģԼͲûǰķ
ˣ̫ı仯ˣҲΪˣǺ˵ĸ
Ѷôʡ
̫һףûνƣҲûг׵ĻһжΪѣͥȴʥ˵棬ʥǲưոݵġ
ֵοĪʱҲΪѣ˳ʥҲ췴Ŀģ˵һпԼˡ
ǰԼˡ˵ͷ
˺һֻ֮ϵ۵ǻԪ޽ԲҲһԲǴڶԲ̫ѽ׻Ԫ޼¿˰ɣ
̫ЦˣȷٽԲָ򣬵Ҳ֪棬ټϴǰСĻָܱ䣬ԱԪ޼Զˡ
̫Ц
ǰٽдջ񣬼ϴǰƵСҲҪסˡ
С̫ڻͨԪ޼ɵʱ̡
ȻҲп̫һԼСһ׻Ԫ޼ˡ
ϲˡĽĽ̫ǵĿԼĸԼĳɾͣĸ裬Ȳ˵ġ
ϲˣ·ǧʥ˻޼ʥˣۺء̫Ц
ŶǻһΣе̫֡ҪΪ
޼ʥܺͻԪ޼ɱ
ôǿ޼ʥҲһܡ̫ʵʵĻԪ޼ɰ
Ҫ̫׻Ԫ޼ˣ˰
Ҳ̫Ϊ̫ߣڡĺô
̫׻Ԫ޼ˣʵʵһ
ǰãԪ޼ǿԼŬˣһģ޼ʥ˲Զˡ
һԪ޽ɺʥ˻ܱȽϣʥΰǿһ㡣
Ԫ޼ɣ֮ܽˣᷴת
޼ʥ˶ϻԪ޼ɣֻǱѹķݡ
췭ظı仯
˵һ޼ʥˣһܸϵһԪ޼ɡ
ԣعĺ̫֡ҪΪ
ǲĺá̫Ҳˣ˵Ȼ˱ˣȥһ˵һμ棬ҾǻԪ޼ˣˣҪ尲ء
ಡ̫뿪ˡ
ĺһӺĽ
һߡ
桢߲㽻һ֮ظŵۿ뿪ʼͥˡ
һͥʱĸ߲Ѿڵȴˡ
֪ۿ̫һλʣȥˡ
ȥѰȥˣʮֵĵǡ
һ߲㣬ۿͶ̫һϲɫʱ˿
λʵӣӦǺϢ
ֻǸλʶһһŮλ϶ׯ˭
λ˵λѣǽ֮ͥ͵ţϵۡĸۿ
е£ԼߵģΪλʻô˷ܡ
߲㣬ûİݼأеӡ
ȿȡۿһĵçײˣ˺ʹ˵ڴϢ
λ͵λѽǽ֮ͥ壬ȥļ⣬ǰתĽɵǽɵڶ࣬Ũڶڶ࣬һ½붫ǽҵȵ֮أлɡۿ

Ȼ߲˷ˣȻŵֱĺ˰
Ȱл̫𡣡̫ӦӦĵ֮Ϻȴˡ
ˣȿԷˣҲԷĵİͥλˡۿ
ϵۣĸ߲šĸԸļأڸղŲˣˡ
λˡ˰֣˵ʵûˣôĽȫǴ֮ϵģԲˣնʬпܡ
ĽȻү͵Ĵ裬ԼϵۣԼҲҪ齨廹ҪǿԼʥҲСԼ
Լһ



715 ̫׽
ۿذͥһȦ
˿̵ͥûܴܺ𻵣رһ˶ˡ
һǺȥǻָһͥ
ǣƻƻˣºԻָҲԭĵϺˣֻ˵ںֲˡ
ȴûУں˺غܸˡ
ѣĿǰͥ״ۿһ˵
лۿѣмԵۿ˵ΣۿΪģҪл
Ǻǣ޷ʵҵһ·ˣҪŽϣĪҪʥ˾ҵϡۿ˴˿̣û˹ƻʥ˶
ǺǡҲɵûдԲѵ˵ʥ˲ǣֻһЦ
ۿˣ֪ԼĲˣԵˣֻ˻Զ
ȻԼĹˣǾȥϺŵİŰɡ
ʶۿ
ѣʵͥӰѹģҪãƹǶǺźǰսУǾ˯˿̣ǳ֮ԻתʵƿȻתȲǾѺתǶҲ֮أޱ۾ھתǳв⣬ޱѡ
Ŷһ㶣һ뵽ǣǶҪޱƿأȨԼҪù
赣ģޱΪУԲڿҿҵתǳѳƹͥòޱѵʱޱѻݳŵȥļҵȻϣһѷģ͵Եƹͥ岻õΪѵġ
лۿѣ⣬ޱƶҲǣȥݷõģлŬЦ
ǰĵͯ˲ˣҰҪ͵λƥ䣬㹻ĵλȻ㹻Ұģƹͥһ̣ĳĬһ̿ʼˣɲССͯ
ջۿȲˡ
Ǻǣ޷̫һ̫ǾǾУΪĴģǻ۸ͥǶϤƹͥ󣬿ˡۿֵ
Ŷһ㶣ⲻҪ̫׽ǣԼһģǵۿµĺ֡
лָ㡣ɸл
޷޷ۿ˰ֵ֣ȻͲˣȥϺȵİţλѣʹ˱ˣͥؿʱ嶨ǰء
ƣһ˿ûС
˵ʵۿ治ģô˵ԼͥҪ
ǵ͵ͬµģǣ׼ۿģӺԼأ֮ɲ
ֻ峹뿪ˣԼͥˣܰġ
ˡ
뿪ˡ
ֻ뿪ʱǵۿ̫һڴͥĿأغܵǡ
˭ˣز⣬￴ˣӣܲ
ʶ뿪
أ뾡ƿͥκ鷳ˡ
Ҳƹټͥ
˼ܾãܲģȻ̫׽ǡ
̫׽ǵ˵㡣
κΣȻͷ죬ıȴʩչû۵еܡ
˵͵
˿ϵۣʱүһ㶼ƺ棬үˡ
ˣͥԵÿյ
įıȽϣ̻ͥԻͣׯءĪ⡢ɽȴбȴߡ
ģõε̫׽ȴϵۣ¿Ǻ¡
һ㶣ķ̫׵ĺôˡ
Ϻˣϲȹ̡ǿ̬Եʡ
̫кθ߼ʵ
ϵۣν¿ͷѣĿǰǱȻġϵԼҲ˵ˣǵ͵ͬľλϵĴڶҲϵĻԵλϴڵ֧֣ϵĿǰٵĶѡ

ǣ
ֵ̫ϵۣ˵ǰǿ٣ʵҲС壬λϴڵľǺ⣬û˸ϵ֮λ
ֻǺ黹֪ѣֻҪϵĸѸģиǰͶĺܲпᣬǿΪ𣬵ֳЩ뱻ģиϣõһӻģ߼һ
ͥνΪͥмʶģ˭뾡룬ѺóΪԪأ
οʥڣܶɢޱа
ǼͥͲһˣҲˣԺܶɢ̫Ҫˣ
Ҫǣǿɸѡ֣֤Ǻһĵģһǻᷢչһ㣬Ҳܱ֤Ķĵġ

̫׽˵˺ܶ࣬һر˵Ķˡ
ǵۿĴڣǻһٵǾʶǲһ㡣
̫ף˵ģȸʵ
ϵۣҪģǾһЩֻ֣ҪֹˣϵʽĺͥʱĵλᱻϣҲ᲻ɺ̫׵
ãȥѸġ켤
ϵ̫׽ס˷ܵ졣
ϵۣѸģ˵ǰ̫ʵ
⣿һǰԼû尡
ѵɵ˵Լ͵涨Ϊ֮ͥͶ
ȷԣ˷˺ûᰡ
ñİ취ɢޣ˺Լ˵͵ѡģʱǰɢĶ
˵ô죿۲Ѹģôǰǰʡ
ϵۣܺңǰйѸģҲ԰¿͵ں˵˵ǶһݰҪѸ棬µֶĶġ̫Ц
԰ôЦ
׵͵ҺͻԵˣǸԼֵĻᰡ
޵棬𣬽˵ӵĴ⡣ӵĶϺһݣǵ͵Ͳ²⵽ˣԴ
ǣǻңΪܾòŻ죬ذͥʱ֣ԭѾˣУ˵ûе͵Ŀⰲţǲŵġ
쿴ǵ͵Լ·Ϊ
ϵۣ֮⣬ҪЩ̴ӣܿˣдĶûУӦаŰɣ̫ʵ
뵽˾ơ
ʦ˵Լ鷳ȥҼλʦֵģɼλʦȫԼ
Уۺ塢塢塢Լϵ͵µʯ顢ľѵȵѣҲϵʱֲҪż˱ȥλЩ⣬̫ҲԳôһЩ֣ʱ䣬󣬱Ѹٿᣬʱû˵ľλϴԶ±
ƣ̫׵˵ͷ
̫뵽ãϵȥʱһЩ֣ԼҲóûһЩ̴ӣ׼ĲˣϵѸġʱ򣬶ϵ۾ܴӴˡ
ϵۣȥ̫֡ҲܼԴһԼԪϰ
ֻ̫׽Ǻϧǰֶ࣬Ҳ࣬û̫ҲεǾķݡ
ڵȵˣ̫׽ܲ
źܺáֵ̫ף̫Բлͻƴ޵Ĳΰ
̫׽һѵкûᡣ
Ҳ˵ϵۣ¸ŲУԴﵽ޵ĲΣܴﵽҲޱȵľԶ
Цˡ
ô˵֪ĻǾǸѵȲڵļƷǶԼţ㻹лܲ޵Ĳεġ
⻰˵̫꣬׽Ǻܼû뵽ԼҲн״޵һ죬ֱ
ԼǾעĸҪ̫ˣ̫ǽף򲻿ܡ
ֻҪ˴ΰˣŻ㳢ͻƴ޵ĲΣֻҪйףﻹе˼Ҵʮת𵤣ô޽׼ʥĲΣ˵׼ʥ󣬲ͻˣ׼ʥ׼ʥ̫Һʹ޿ģף
ϵۣµŬɣ±ض̫׽ǣݱ죬˷ܵȥˡ

죬һηȨĺôһ仰˸𰡣һ£ȽˣǸö
ʦ֣㿴̫ףؼӣµӣƮˡ
ţ˵ͷ
ǣ̫ҶѡǾԵʣûǱˣص
ҡҡͷʦãôģȷûжǱǻۺҰĵģҰģΪֵģǻۺҪģ㿴壬߳Ƶߣ嶼һߣߣȺüֶҪҪ̫׽ǻۣҲҰģһµġ
ع˵
ʵ
صǻۿɱǿöֻ࣬аĽԸֵıһ㣬ܵõʦֵ
ʦָԼ꣬ԼչˣԼǿ˺õö࣬Ҳ뵱˹ذС
Ͼ˭ǸСأ
Ȼ
ܸˣʦǱչ˺ǻģöܶ࣬Լʦõˡ
㣬̫£ʦãܶģ˿



716 
һߣ岻뿪ͥ
Ǿ뿪𣿡˺Ŀһۡ
ǰۿ̾ϢΪȥļ֮ˣͥϾܡ
ǻлᣬֻҪʧȥһջġۿᶨĵ
ţ˺ͣȫᶨ
һϺ̫İš
˵Ҳɣ;ɽң⣬ֿһ
ν˼ۺ죬Һ˫Σֻܺݺݵ໥һۣ뿪ˡ
壬ѵͥϳˣҪϺ𣿵𲻻ɣ˼
һ벻ףûˣ˭֪ȥġ
ˣƶǻؼҿɡ㲻ˣԼĵطɡ

һߣһ˰ݷ̫
̫磡
Ǵ˴ǰȥĵһŵʱյ˱һתɵɵ֮󣬲Ǵǰͥǰһֱ忴أǰ롢ѷӡǸԻԼȺˣǴȥĿ꣬Ҫƿɵϵ
ֵ͸¶һ㣬˺⺣ںϽģԽĺҪƿضٿǵˣֻҪܳƿأ̻飬Ǳ˺ǵĵ̡
ǵ𡣡
̫Ļܸˣû뵽ţǻأе㲻Ű
̫ȻǵĹǣ˵赣ǣǱĽףôҲˣ˱ȡǷֻģͱ޹ءȻҲȽĸй£Ҳ˶ǵĲúɡ
˿ԭˡ
ԭǵĽףԼȶǺ飬֮¡
ԼܵõǶ٣ǺǺ͵
ʧأƣʵ֮ϵ飬ΪΣۿʵ
֮ǰ˵أŨǴǰ
ֻǣһֱǵأûҴ⣬ʴǶ⺣ɵҲϤҲ֪ϵĸֶ಻࣬ʲôĸ֡
⻰̫꣬һ̾
ǱҪǽ̻Եʣɵڶ½ĸҲѹҲ޵Եʣ飬ΪߵҲʹ޵ĲΡ޵ػ컨ģǾ֣ñǣһûУƽ˷ôõĸźԴ
˵ܾȣԭԭΪֻ컨˵̫һԼܺɨ
ҵ׵Ŀˡۿ˵ĸ߲Ҳĵ˵ͷ
ֲõе㲻ˣͺȡ
źȴΪûкĵĲпᣬԺĻ䡣
ûѹûɾʹ޺Ϊ˲ˡ
̫ûնʬնħĹ
ǣ类֮߸ˣΪǲܵĲΣնʬնħĹԴﵽġ
׾ͺã⺣վںϽģǵĵĺΪǲѹĥѣãȺͺںϵʱ򣬾ʱ򣻱Ȼǣ͸ĻᣬǾʹ汾̻һںʧĥһͬҲǽºˡ
⻰˵꣬۾ˡ
ǰǵָɵ񣬻Լ£Ҫúĥǡ
ĸ߲㣬ʼƻˣɱӺȡ
ҵȶС
ƣǶ׼𣿡̫ɺ󣬴ǰȥ˳㿴ô
ҵȶ׼ˣ̫һת̫ǳҲ϶˺ķ϶ת̫Ǻ̫ǡ
ۿֵ⣬ɵѾӡֻ˷ɣ
һش̫˵ͷ
ڴң̫Ǻ̫ǣƿأֻһת
Ͼء˺͡ۿ̫һ̫Ǻ̫ǵ̫֮顢̫֮뿪ˣ̫Ǻ̫ʧ
οֻҪתǳйºˣܺ٣Ҳ⡣ܷοǵڴˣ岻һ
½ƹˣҲӣƿǳ
ֻҪۿͳµķӣҲǺǹӮľ档
ǿյĴܲ࣬ȥ⣬桢ޱۿ̫һ˺ͺͳˡ
ûи壬ȥ𣬺ʦȥˡ
Ҳ㹦Բʦ߾Тġ
̫󣺡Ȼ߰ɡ
˵̫꣬һ֣岻ʮ˵ĸ߲㣬ʣ岻ڵۿĺͼڶʵ
ǨƵ壬ڽߵģһˡ
Ӵˣĵ彫û䣬ڵۿ̫һѪ뿪
ΪһɢɳϴǰУȥ̫ˡ
ģǿп޵ĵײ㣬壬ںĻΪһ˵
ֻܵȵۿ̫һٴι󣬺ܼʶذսսصġ塱
̫ȥʱ̡
ںĵĻԻͺʹ˵˿ֹˡ
Ľӭһʱ

ʱյ
ž޴ޱȵĵ죬ĸ߲ļ
Ũڶ࡭
ǰܶʧȺﶼܳȺȺĿ
̫̾ĹͣΪεǿмӡ
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˶Ⱥ˺ѾȺĴδֹȺⶼǵġ
˰ɣﷱٲʢȺҲν壬ǿ԰￴ɣĻĹ岢ʱ
̫еС˵
ȷ⺣Ľ
УûеҲУͺĻĹʱ嵮ʱһ
޾ѺʣµҲͰˣȴǳԽ塣
ңҲˣΪε˵Լ廹
滹𰡣ľ޵н٣ٵ飬Ҳ
ǻʲô͵𽻻
ֻ˵̫֣ʱ壬˺ںϽɽ硣
񣬾ǽ̻ǡָǡĥǡӵУںϽʱܻȥ
λĸ߲㣬Ǽ׼ʥһɨ޵ʱյϣ޸ֱ̽һ
⣿̫һ̲סˡ
ô޸У
ÿһо޴Ĺ˺¶ˣһźĺüô޵ʲô
޽ɣںĸϰˣԼʶҪɣ
һĸĲǵľ͵̫ˡ
Ĵޣ˵ԼԼµҲɵǡ
ԼµĸǺսģļ̣١
Ǳεĵطǰ˵ħ޲TܲΪȽʱ䣬ĵǣԸΥҪݱ䣬ںϽģԲܲˣٲһںϽĺ󣬺˵ˡ̫еΡ
æǺĲ־͹æġ
֮ǰûúõ̵ڵ飬ǰأҲصĿأ룬Ҳǰ
鵮󣬶ȥĵľ޴ϣȥѧϰ̫µĺ嫹;䡣
˵ǵģΪδڣ鲻ܡ
ǳƺ챮
µģǸ׼ġ
ҹ;磬̫պŵģɡɡɡɡ̫ҽɡ޽ɡ׼ʥһ
ڵҲ滮硣
źǣ׽ɲ
ڵûٵȿ飬Ҳ͵˺ܶ࣬Ǿ޺ûвĹϵ
޵۽磬ǲ׽ϣڵڽɾһ֡
ûвǾͲõĻ
֮ԭǺͣҲܴ
ó̫еգ
ⲻĴǰҲΪ˺ģԴɵңʴȣĻԵֻǾ޵ԵʣûʴȶѡټϵҪƿغģΪĽľȻͺ顭ⲻĴǻԵˣҲ鲻ϧԵʡ
̫Цˣ˵öԣԼôæĻ
ΰ壬̫û뵽أⲻԼĴ
̫º͵ӣûһģƨΪĵô̫ûеˡ
ţ˵Ĳæȷûǣ´˿㲻˼ȡ̫˵
ĸ߲𺳣𻹺һڣ
ǣһѰ˼ǰֻǹ𣬹άҲʵĹάƨûй
ȻǾԽǿԽǾߵģԽǿںƨ
ǿɲ֪̫߲ܣɶԣľͺá
ǡõʱǡõĵص㣬˰ǡõġά̫оʵĸ򣬵ĺ;綼С
󣬱Բر׼ʥľסˡ̫
˵󼤶ˡ
̫һ֣ǱƵʮת𵤣˸򾳽Ľ𵤣ûиã𵤣ͻ׼ʥɵİգˡ
ˡ󼤶ˣôƨһջôֵ̫ˡ



717 һ¼Ԫ
ʣĸԾԾˣҲƨ
Һֻ̫ԵһڶͲʹˡ
лͣл𡣡󼤶Ľӹʮת𵤣Լ׼ʥԵ
ȿȡ̫һȡ
˻Ľе壬˵ˣǺúõĥһǺɵĵͼûǻʧ޾ڰڽɵ̫Զһȥѹ̻ҪܾõʱڣҪԼŬ
Ŵشǣ𡣡
̫ѵͼǵĽɵ˵ۿ
ֵߣ𣬴ȥʱյĵĻɽиҪ֪Ĵڡ

ħ
ֻһ͵Ļɽ̫һٻɽʼ
һɻصѹʼϯ̫ѹʱյ鶼ܱѹһ롣
¡
𣡡
ֻһҾ˳ˣΪһȣҾ˵ʵ̫ǿˣֻʥܹ
ѵҾˣʥ˼ʵǻԪ޽ɵĲΡ
̫ħǰǲɽ֮飬ΪǻԪ޽ɵĲΣΪħš
˵ֶħ壬Ϊ໥ʶһĪҪԼͻ
˵꣬˵ͷֵ̫ħһֱڴ˳˯ʱյ𲻳ҲˣɽʱյΪӪֻҪʱյħǲܵģΪһ£ĪҪ˶֣
ħ嶼˿
廹ΪħҲҪأҪĸֲ룬Լʲô£
ҺλǿĴһֱ˯һֱͺá
ħ˿Լɲ鷳˯˼˯úá
̫ˣûԼ
ˣħȥɡ
ǣ𣡡ħ뿪ˣɽһħȥˡ
忴𺳲ѣûжٵƣ񿴵˱ɽһǣԪ޽ɵ£ֱ̫߸

˺󡭡
̫壬һ޺컨ĸֹڣʱյΪߵĴڡ
ҲǴ˵һ飬źǿнɲĲΡ
Ķˣɾ˵һ֣һֺо׼ʥҲǲܾ磬˿ʼ֡
ʱյܹ޽ɣĵӣһžռ
һ޳ڣһҪﵽڵػˡ
ʣµЩĸֱ֣ǣػĲΣһڵĲΡ
ɵʱյȴ죬Եϵĸ࣬ʵҲǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳĸ޸֣ʱյǸģٵģŨģҲ
ʱյĵһ֣йܶţʱյǡ̫һĴڣѹüʱ
ƺһ档
ʲôۡʥȳƺӵйϲһ棬ҲǴ޵ĲΣӵ챮ʱյ޿ĵһˡ
ʱյһĵ̣ķ֮һӵģʣķ֮һ޸ֵġ
죡
һٳ̫Ҳ̫ˣ˭֪˶á
Ϊ˱ʾ𾴣һ޾ǰһٳһʱյĿա
һѹʱյ˻յӽ֮Сû˵ҪͶ
ʣޣÿεһٳܣǻ۵Դһ룬ҺõһһԪһٳ渺
ΪεһôڣΪݴʱյ߸ޣһһĻɱˡ
ʱ鿴ϵĴ޸֣ɱˣ֪һû˸ҵ
ҵһƿ챮ԼʱյһЩ鱦鱦ļӳ֣һǿˡ
ʱյΨһƿصģһƷ鱦쵶
ǵһС
ܶ࣬鱦治࣬˵˿쵶⣬ʣ˭ˣһ涼С
ԣʱյ鱦Ĵڣֻеһ档

ʦף룡
桭
һֻ̫Ҳβϯ⹬ʮ̫飬޸֣ʱյиֵܺ͡

һһЦįѩΪ̫ˣһֶûС
ʱյ⣬һںڵһԼֻҪҽ룬˲仯Ϊɻҡ
ԣȥֻڵڳưԣ̫įˣҲа
һԼ̫޵ˣį
Ψٳ죬Լһѡ
ҵĳ桭
棬ϣˣ챮
棬Ҳϣܲ챮
棬ֹǽ̫
桭
һʱ䣬ķ̶ȣĵѪڣ̫ḻˡ
˵ģ˶ۺ졣
룬ܼҵ⣬ⶼѵõƵرôȥܶӣ
ʵʱյŨȷܶƵرκﵺڵ鲻ð
Ҳȷе˷ѡ
ôʱյԴеġ
ʱյȷĹʱŨԴ񣬵ΪȺ
ʱ
һ淢ˣ˵ˣʲô˵ǵϣᱣֹƽġ
л棡
˸лɲô룬϶ʲôԸ̫ˣҪ̰īˣȺ
Ȼʱֻһʮ˺Ȼ˴
һ˵ѹʣһ涼һ
ɲΪ֮ˣΪԼ͸С
Ͼǵһ飬ûбǿġ
󵨣Ǻˣ澹Ȼ𣿡һĵӣֵ֪Ļˡ
һȻ
ðܺãį̫ˣ޵̫ˣܾû飬ǼСеӣȻ濴͸ǵΪܺãܺá汣֤ԹԵĸذ˰ݾߵֻѹǰ꣬ǲȻڰռ䣬Ȼɢһ˷ܵ˵
ڳĵڸҲˣþûиƵһˣֿˣϣǳɹѺƷϼһͳΡ

𣡡ۿܾȵʣ
ۿǵһμĴ޸֣ҪںģҲһΣ˺ûд˺ˡ
̫һ̾ûӻɵкö࣬ҪŬ
ǣּ⡣ۿ
ӵһ˵Ϊ׽ڳɵˣǶô֪η
ˣʮˡ
áһ淢ԼŭˣþûŭˣһҪ⼸쵰ǸҪ֣Ȼ岻ܿˣֻһҽС
һĻʱˡ
ֻ̫һжһͷХͷȮǵһı塣
ˣ˭ĵӣ̫һХͷȮ˵
أ֣ϱ̫һסеķһһ˻˵ˣֻˡ
⣿ڳɵˣôһգۣۿҪչĵһ棬Ȼס˲ӣʾСı壬ХͷȮ
͸ˣ̫һһ֣һˣХͷȮĲϡ
֪СȮ󱾻ʺ㡣̫һ
㣬߳Ƶĵһ棬˶̫һĳһ۵˩סˣûá
ֻһ󾪻źĵĹУҪˣ˭⹷еʲô
ʱۿѹſˡ
䡪
ֻڵ飬˲亹ֹĹˣһֱԴĳѹǾȻκεķ
˵ۿʣȵʣȽǱʵ£ΪΪܴڵ׼ʥڣնʬĴڡ
ۿһѸڣʱյõѹ̫£ŵ飬һ걾ԴĲ
ڣߡ
̫ܸ޲TħצԸ֣춨һʶѹ
ۿ̫һ̫̹Ŵ۾ЩӰ˵࣬Կġ
ۿοЩڵˡ
̫ˣȥıҪûˡ
ۿ̫һˣƿ꣬˺͵ȣƿؽɵֻʱ⡣
Լ߰ɣʶ̫ڵۿչѹʱ򣬾뿪ˡ

̫뿪ˣʱյ¼Ԫˡ
޵еĵһ棬̫һʵĹ˩˴ǰһſڿҡ
һÿ鿴һ͵Ǻεȿ£һ˿Źˡ
ȻҲ֪ˣۿ̫һ˺͵֮飬ܴԽڰռ䣨Ҳ޾ڰ
Ϊܴڵ׼ʥ֡
ֱ֮ʱ󣬵ڵĽʵ
ȻҲˣ̫ˣĥǣĻһ
̫һʣѽϵĸĥǣÿ˵ˣ籾ʵһ
Ȼ仰ͬģΪʴ˵ĹǴǰǵĵһ֡

㣬̫뿪
飬ãսĥ÷ʽ
⵺ڵĸ֣ǽɵȷ棬нֹ񣬶ǵģѹžС
⣬̫ߵʱۿ׵һȺ
ºСҲҪȥĪҪ㣬дһֻʣ°塣
ۿҲò֮ǰʣҲͰѣԼʡ
ۿ뵽ߣ塢ʥˡ塢塣űʵĻعɣ


718 ؿͥ
̫ص̫磬һαչء
һߣ̫׽ǵõŵ󣬿ʼľĸ֮á
ǰ̫׾ʶܶ飬ֻڵʱ̫ҲΣԵòҪ
˿̲һˣͥؾ죬ͥĴڣΪԼĵΪĳŵ̫׽ǿνľˡ
εĽ꣬Ϊµ飬Ůǽ̴ͥӰĴڡ
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ݷ塢塢壬˵Ǹ֧һ֣ᡣ
˺һ·ҵ˿ʯɽʯɽк̫ܶ飬Ҳô֣֪ļʯͿ鶼ܾϲ
ǲͬһĴڣʯͿһڻĹţϤĺܣǰһǼӣһǵͯǵĽ顣
ʱתȻ֮ͥʯܾȣҲ֧أǵ֪ʦ͵涨µ֮ͥ
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ܶ鶼֪ͥΪδѸģ˲ú𶯡
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µȷ˵ʧأۿͶ̫һޱ۾˺ȶ岻ڳ׵ûˣͥϵܣضд·ˣҪȥһ˵
ţҪȥǰٺʧأ׼ʥʣµĲ࣬ۡĸڤӡȼλƺ׼ʥûˣҵȴޣǴ˿̺ĶĲˣóô˴ʢ磬Щִ
ƣƶҲΪģÿЩܴͥôǺǣЦĺܹ죿
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ѣΪֻǵϵѸô򵥣˵ʱͥӦ峷󣬼ƶϵģľٰʢ磬򵥣ơ
ţƺһ˳Ĭˡ

һЩε͵飬ȴˡ
ͥʲôطϵ˼ˣû˵ͥѹϴѵǾŲ֮ϣһɲεϵˡ
𣬿ģŲ֮ϣܾνͥ˵ϵ۸öôǿȻܴŲɵΪϵˡ

ģǱľٶĲᡣ
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˵ԪʼҲӦ㲻󣬾Ĵ
֮Ԫʼͨ졢׼ͽҲΪġ
ԼӦǲܵģӦһЩ
쵱ʲôģͥΪҪȨһߴžС
Ӧλʥ˻֧졣
˵ĵطûǵֱزˣʥǺ졣

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쾹ȻдͨɻһͯһĴڣѵĺԼЭˣ
ʦǰʦܴ˵һϵĽɽӦϵۡ౦˵
Ŷͨһ㶣첻˺ܾã͵½ǳеӦٰỹǿеġ
ߣȻʥһ⣬Ǿʢ𣬵ʱ㶪ô֡ͨ
ˣʱԼμӾˣʱһ²̨мҼͥġ
ֻҪһʱ齨ͥܺͥôǵĻˣҺʹ첻Ϊ˳֮ͥ
ͨ죬ԪʼȣҲôˡ

Ϊ׼ʥڤӡȣȴĽĺˡ
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ҰĲڤӺ˰ˣҪ̨ӲڤӶ㶯ˡ
˵˺ƣǰˣǿŻ
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Ϊľʥ˵ĻᣬԭΪۿȻģ˲ᡣ
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Ȼһļһڤӣҧгݵ
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ڤӺĲ࣬һȦ֣Լֵĵˡ
ڤֹ涨Ҫɱ㣬Ļ쵰
ɱమļӻȻͬʱ뵽˱˴ˣóԵ֡ĺܡ

ʱ塣
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ţ߲˼һõȷҪϵ۷˵μͥʢ磬ʢ忪ʼš
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719 ɫɫ
ͥؿׯ䡣
ǰ̫׽ЦݵдţǰĴܡ
ԭǳŴɣ̫Ц
̫׵ѾΥˡŴɵ
Ŵɣ޸֣ڵ£ѵõһ֣ԷŵʵһˣʶĵѺܶ࣬ǰԣҲŲϺš
ٺ󣬸ֵ㣬Ŵȴ޲εģʼ߳ˡ
ĸ֣ʥ⣬أʣ׼ʥҲ͵Ͽȷ˺ܶࡣ
ֻĸ߲֪û٣кܶ࡭ܶࡣ
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ԽԽѣ˺һһ
ڲһŨĵطԽԽŨõĵطıɽķ硣
˿̣ϵĸֻ֣ǴĴ˺󷲽ʵŨ֮أǺĵľֻǵ͵ѡ
ԽΪߣԽ֪Ĳ򵥣Խǵ͵ԽǰƿԽǻεԼ
̫ˣû˴̹ŵѹǴһͷһͷȻʱ䡣
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Լߵģ˹ĳƺɣеΣԼӴɰ˼ҴȵĴ޶Լǿܶࡣ

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һ߲㣬ʢӴˣ棬׼ʥڣԼǿʱҲеܡ
ԼޣȻȲ弸죬Ĺ¼ӳ֡
Ȼǵ͵涨µ֮ǱȲ˰컹֪
⻹δ𣬽˻£Ϊʥ֮µһڣԼͥԿ⣬Ҫùϵ

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λ롢λѣڻĹţ޾սĹš̫šϹţ̫Ű٣λѡλѶںĴڣΪǻԪԲ塢塢棬һ峤
һͣʱ˻Ȼˡ
֪Ĳȣ֪ļֱ°ͣǺεȾԶĴڡ
棬ڻĹţư̫źԶš׼ʥԲ
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ԣͨһ˭˭͡
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Ϣϡѹȣͨ飬һͨ˲ٺ顣

ʱţĶˣ̫ǵۿµķۿǰ
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߲Ҳ뵽һ㣬˵˴֧֣ξͲ֧֡ˡ
ϴ֧֣ǰҡ
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ҪĻɽˣҲŬİ죬̨ǿ֮ͥ춨
֮ȥᣬʵչʾʵ˳ֵʢ硣
ܶ೬ƿصĸ֣˵Ǻ£ǻ¡
磬ͲϣԼʥʦ¾ˣ̯Լˡ
κΣСʥ˵ơ


720 ͥҪ
ʥˡ׼ʥ˵
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УǰӴ˵ʱ
׼ͽ˲˸ˣǰͿкһԴһģˡ
к󣬸߸ϣΪʥ׼λϡ
߸λ챾Ϊòģû뵽λˡ
ʤңû뵽λʦлλʦ֡
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һе㵨ʥ˺ϵòƲԸͲ˵ˡ
ȴһŭˣ׼ͽԼ鷳ġ
Ǻǣʦ첻ʦʧġҧ
ͲʦܡĻȻ˵ˣʦֻ֪ʦͯӣҪƺүĪҪΪ֮ͥԽˡǳƺүĺãʦƺ׼ʥԳƺģʦҪǡ
ԼҪסеķŭ֪
ʦ˵ǡЦ
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챾Ϊˣ׼ľٶŭˡ
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ֻҪһʱƹܲͥôʥ˾͸ȥ״״ܣ֮λ
ͥҪ㹻֣Ҫ㹻ʵˣһٺͥǰģ߲֮
ԭ켣е죬ֱûʥ˼ͼлϸ˵ԭ켣еʧܵġ
ûܺͥҲͥ׳
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ʦܣʦֿû˵𾴵ֻ㣬ҪԼݣͬҲ㣬׼ʥʦ֣ҲʥˣʥҪ𾴡
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ʥ޳ܵƣǲɵġ

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Ԫʼʥ˲һ߾Ӣ·ߣȻںʲôϵĲˡ
ʥ˽͵ͬչʾԸҲȻͬ
ѾʵˣΪλʥʦֻ֣ǿԼѣԼǵˡ
û뵽λʥʦô޳ܣԼԼԼ
ֽϵĴ뵽ˣѹסŭʼ˼ˡ
Ϊʲôʥʦ
ѵǵͥҪ֮ͥҪ
Ȼԣǵ㣬ʥ˲Լλ󣬻һǰˣܲԾ
ɻ͹ǣӵˣʥƻԼ֮ͥ
˵ģĻԵҲĥѡ
ԼֻҪȹˣҵʥƻԵˣдջ
ͥ졭ͥڤ硢ĴءڤƽȻ䣬һƺ뵽ʲô
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ӣɰԪʼķŭˡ
죬죬ӱ㵱ʥ㲻𾴵𣿺ߣ׼ᣬƴʦ𷣣ҲҪףʥ˲ɲءԪʼֱŭˡ
ŭĺܴѹûȫǣǵĴ졣
ʦ͵ؾˡ
ܸղԼĲ²Ǽ٣ڲʱӦȥӦ⼸޳ܵʥʦǡ
ߣв𣿱ɲһЩϣλǰ𣿡ԪʼֱӲˣˡ
ô죬Ԫʼʦ³çԪʼʦֹ³çƻԼĴơ
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721 ң
̫ͺ˵ؼ޼ʥ˺λʥ˶ʼ취ˡ
ƽڤ磬˽ڤ޼ʥˣ̫˵
ʥǿ˼ãΨһ뵽ľ֮ͥ޼ʥˣºͥĪĹϵ
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죬Ϊľ޷ͥɸˡ
ǣ鷳ǣʥ˲ȷͥǲԼǰ㡣
ң죬Ҳ˵ͥԼ֮ϾͥĶˣԼ
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һߡ
ͦżģԪʼѹܸܵõϴǰڤ²⣬ˣʥ˲Ը⿴Լƿͥԭ
鷳ˣԪʼԼء
ǲλԪʼʦֻܣ嶯Լ޷Ԥ顣
ôֻܴӦˣӦԪʼһЩ
ʶ˿ۿʹսһʱ̣ȻдԪʼ
Ԫʼʦ֣Ҫ֪ңͥҲʦһ˿ԵõģҲ֪λʦ֣Ϊ㲻Ը⿴ҳɾ֮ͥҿԱ֤ʦҺ˫Ӯ˺Ƥ˶òô
ĺȻԪʼһ㶡
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ΣԪʼʵ
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뵽ˣ͵һʧȥ֮λӣԼĻԵʧȥˣԼ²²ˣҲûԼĻˡǣѵӦʥ˵ľԼɾͿһۣ
Ǹӵģٵ˼񣬾òܺʥ˺ƤɽڲûգʥԼлᣬǺʥ˺ƤԼһᶼûˡ
ôֻʱӦʥ˵ʱܣԼûأԴڡ
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أ˰дЭˣЭԿˣʥˡ
ķŭ£ķŭеļЦ
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ȷӦԪʼˣԴӦʥˣıͥǾͶɣһǷһȺҲǷţԼһɡ
ˣͥŽԼԼѰһԵ
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һͨȽˣŮûԪӡͨ졢ӵȶˡ
ƺһˣÿʥ˶Ӧˣʥеǲµˡ
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ͥսɡ
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С
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ĿĺȷᣬᣬԼΪͥ˺ˣܺͥ
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Ļᣬʥûһġ
ǣɳ£ΪߵĶǴ޲Ρ
ʥ˺壬ûиΪ£Ǵ޺ð
Ѱҵ޼ʥ˵ĻԵҲܳɾ޼ʥˣϾ׼ʥǣγɾ޼ʥˡ
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㣬һʱ䣬⣬ͥУһȺĴ޸֣Ǵʥˡ
죬ܿˣָ֣ʥһָӲˡ
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һ죬ǰѹƣԼ̣ȴû벻ȻܱȴһֱѰһᡣ
ʱȥ䣬ǹҧ
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ʦ֣ʥ˲жˣξˣҪ˺Ƥ𣿡ʡ
ǰã찵ʥݣǽʥƺͳһսߣǿԼܳΪеӰ㣬
˺Ƥ˺ǾʧˣҪ̣
̣ʹĿ죬Ҫ̵ʲôʱ򣿡
ʣһ
ˡ
ǰ̵ʲôʱ򣿡
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̵ϰߣ̵Լľ̵ʥһΪϧһУкã
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Լ뷨үԼΪķףΪı÷ٲʢŬ
ǣʥǣΪǱԼأ
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ĵ
úõİģΪĵļ֮һ
ȴʶ˸ıѹıòԼ뷨ʱ
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֧ͨĲһ͵ؾˡ
үΪĵػΪ׳Լౡ֮챾뷨֮ͥλеʧˣʥ˶ҵѹеˣػ׳ģףԵ֤ΰĴڵ͵ΪĵģҵĵĺȲϵ͵棬Ըλϴڵ׷ߣ׷ǵĽŲҵĹס
ˡһ㤡
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722 ѵ·
ȴ˵̫ͺ
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š̫˵ͷҲĸоô㹲ͬݿ޼ʥνΪΣ
ƣǱһ𿴿ɡ˵ͷ
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⣿һ㶣͵ڵǵ⣬ԵɣȻʦ֣˵ʦдԵҲӦ֮ˡ
ǰȷ
ǣԵҲĥֻжȹĥܵõԵʦִǰĥ㿴ˣʥ˺谭ʦԣʦҲʥ˵ѹȣղʦʣ̵ʱʱˡ
ʦãҴӻĹһֱүӻ˵ʵǰ˵ĵĲпᡭԣ͵һֱʦָе𾴣ҲλΰĴһȥΪĵ׳󡭡ֱղЩıѹˣʦˣҲҵĻԵ
˵صԺУֵʦÿ֪ΪʥѹǣѵֻΪ֮ͥ
ѵ𣿡ص
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⣬е㾪ˣʦ֣ĪǸ޼ʥ˵ĻԵڣ⣿
е㾪ºľϲ֪ʦһֱȻ
ǵģʦãʦָˣʦָղżᶨģػģΪףƹͥ˽ʱ̣Ҫɾ޼ʥҪңǷҲΡ
˵꣬أǹ۲ĺ̫ˡ
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ǣ֮ͥʥ˵ѹеʧˡ
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ȻЦˣʦãЩʥ˰ٰƣǶˣɾ޼ɣҪң̰ȡ
ֵ޼ʥˣ޼߹򣬾ֻ֣֪ƣ֪رʥ˿Կӵġû飬Զףײջ񣬸ܡõһִǻֻ̰ۡȡֻŭԹ
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ñȺΪе
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Ϊֻصڤ޼ʥ˵ĸ
ʧһޱȵ
ƽ⹫һҲޱȵҫۡ

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󣬺ȻһˣʦãΪִǰʧҡˣ覴ãΪҪնȥ㯵ң֮Դ֮ͥϣҲͥԼ֮ͥΪǳתŬ
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ȴһ̾ʦûôףͥڤ磬ҲǺ̹ŴѪԳɾƽģΪɾϵۣȴҪĥͿ顣
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ͥϣն֮ͥ㯵ҲҡкҺһɾĴڡ
˿ΪܼѺΣأԭˣʦһֶһںͥ㯵ĲֱּҺһɾʥˣ޼ʥˡ
ⲻѰʦȥˡص
˵꣬Ƶҡҡͷ
̫ͺȴˡ
챾Դںͥ㯵һֻϵۡ
㯵죬һˣ̫Ǹһų顢ꡢԴ
ֻų顢ꡢԴ죬Ҳаңһʱ򣬲ɾϵ޼ʥ˵ʱ̡
ңͥ죬һֱ򲻵УôԶԺһҲܳɾ޼ʥˡ
Ȼ
Լⶼ˵أˡ
ʦ֣һֺͥһּ죬ֻµһ֣ͳʦֵ棬˵ʧһ֡
ԼҪˣʦȥһУ֪ʱʦңɾ޼ʥˡ
Լûѡ񰡣ֻ˭ԼʦأһҲҪͬа
ʦ֣
ʦã
ʦ֣
ʦã

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Ȼ˵ģʥǵĻ᲻ˣǸִǻۡʰף
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ţ̫˵ͷ
˵ѣɶ˸˵һ͸ˡ
̫˿ңһͥ㯵ҽңҽһɾȥҺ󣬾޼ʥ˾ֻһˣһζҵĻع飬޼ʥˡ
ţȥѣǵѰһѻܼ򵥡¶βˡ
׳֣̫һ߹İǿԵģ´ˣ˺ˡ
Ǻǡ̫һЦЦĺơ
ѣΪ˺Բⲻǵѵĵ𣿡ʡ
ţȷǡ𲻽һȣͲô࣬ģǱҲ޷˭һ̫
ѣΥİ̾
˵ΥҲһ·˷ѵʱѡ̫
û취ˣô죿ֻʣ˵ɣ㿴ϵʲôˣ
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һ̾˿ͱ˵̫ðɣⶼѿˣȷǼƷƷƷƷϵ֮ͨԴֲġ
Ҿ˵Ҿ˵ôô༫Ʒ鱦ǲǻأǲǻ̫ʡ
ѹˣʲôףƷϵļޣǲܵģǵȺĴԲҲҪԲ
̫뻹ǡ
ѣ鱦㶼Уܶ࣬㻹ںƷ鱦
˭Ӷ಻ǣοʱֻܽƶ鱦⻹ҪģƷĲαҲļλӣ˵ʥ˾Ͳ˵ˣ༸ƷãҲ١ʯ񡢿顢޺ǣõҲͶ鱦мƷ鱦ʺǣԣһԴֲһʹӦȫ죬Σ
УУ̫ˣһһҡͷ
ϵ֣ʮƷʹӦ㡣̫һ
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⣿޻˵ˡ
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졣
ʦãʦѾ׼׵һЩֶΣɱʦýȫݣ⣬ʦֺϵͥʦҪע⣬ĪҪŭʥˣһǿȥвĸʦÿף
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ţ

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㣬չˡ
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һߣأ
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ʶֺ߲󣬿ʼչˡ
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Ѫûаֶˡ
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ѹ£䴴ǿ꣬ӵҫˡ
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˶ӵطĵط
Ĵ˿̳塣
ڴڼ䣬ȥĺܶ屻ֶתǧ磬ϴǰսȥȡ
ǧѾ֮꣬꿪ʼˡ
ڳСݱ䣬Ҳһ㣬
꣬ʮ۳һǿŵĴڣĵµǣĻγСĵһ顣
ȥҲˣ٣ۣתСʼ飬ǻһܱȥ
ֻźǣìܺͲ㣬Ȼûн
߲Ϊʱ
ռ˺Ĵ󲿷ֵȻûг׵ռݡ
ӣȴûе㡣
˶㣬Ӧ֮˵ʱ̡
ʮԪݺͼ֤߲㽥Ŀ϶ԼԤơ
Ԥƣ嵽һʱڵĶʢ󣬾Ӧ֮˳ֵʱ̡

ڷչҲûš
ĺٵ죬ʱ䣬Ѿ鼰˽ɵƿԼģʮ
ףϽˣʹ֮ѡ
ϻҪ̻ԵʣǼӾ峹ƿصѶȡ
ɵɵ̫Զ̫ûṩʱմֻΪ׼ʥĺ޾ڰ̫ĵͼʼһƿغɨ


724 ټ
̫硣
̫Ѻ鱦ӡ
ʯ˺ܼû뵽ʦȻԼ鱦ļôġ
ʮߵǶ鱦ʮ˵ƾǼƷ鱦
ֻһƣеĲ̫ˡ
缫Ʒ鱦ʮŵһеĲԼ
˺̫׷׿һλӵΪ;硣
ǺնȥħԶˣѾﵽ׼ʥڡ
˱ǱԴ죬׼ʥ۷徳磬һܴﵽ׼ʥڣնȥħ
ʣλҲȫﵽ׼ʥڡ
̫һֱûйڿ
еε̬죬ֻ󾳽͵ȹ̡
Ҳû̫һֱȴ򣬾׼ʥڲԶˡ
̽λӵΪ̫˵Уֻн顢Ӻ˴ﵽΪ𣿡
˷ֱѡʯͿ£ͷǡ
޺ȴǺΣµľѩδﵽ޲Σֻ̫Բľ硣
֪ǲƴ۵Ϊ¶Ǵ޵Ĳˣûעصĺ;⡣̫˵
Ӳǡλ˵޺Ҳ˿
ֵ̫úдԵ֣ӡȥɡ
̫˵꣬һԭʦӵΪԭ
ʦ𣬲֪ǺεȻԵʵ
꣬ӶϢԴ
Ҳ޷Ϊ֮Ӧ֮˳ɾذӦ֮ߣй콵Ϊﵽ׼ʥĲΣȻ׼ʥֻõԤƣܴܲﵽµͺȡĹ¶١
̫˵꣬ʯ˺ܼȻõΪﵽ׼ʥе㲻˼顣
׼ʥжѴﵽ̫ˡ
ݹģϺԼǰĴܣûмԴﵽ׼ʥĲΡ
׼ʥ׼ʥ¶һ׼֣ʹޱҲرĲࡣ
ʦ˵ܴﵽ׼ʥĲΣ˵ҵΪԽߣǳɾ׼ʥļԽ󣿡ʯʵ
ȷˣˣΪܴﵽ޺ڣԲֻҪﵽ޺ڣа˳ɵİܽ£һ׼ʥĲΡ̫
⻰˵꣬ʱһϲ˵ʦͽ飬ǴڣΪ޻Ʒһ㣬һֱûͻƣа˳ɰգǴ޵ػܻƷЦ
ʦҲˡʯҲ˵
ʦ𣬵Ӳδﵽ㾳磬˿̴޻ҲܻƷӻ̿֡ѺΡ
ΪԼĵӺҲǴ޵ĲΣû뵽ʦֺʹʦµӺͽ飬Ȼǿôࡣ
޷Ӻͽ飬Ϊ´ʦֺϯŮӣȻҪǿ⣬ǰй͸ŵ֮ô죬ǰĴ裬ǿܶࡣ̫˵
ʯͿһ룬ǣǰʦ̫ˮĻӺͽĸţҲȹ̹ġ
Ӻͽô죬ǴǰˮĻʥˮϴйء
ʯͿҲɹԼλӽô죬Ҿ͵Ķȹ̵ԭ
ֱ˿̫˵ƣǲףԭǰʦĶͣûʧڼӰԼӵĽ
ˮĻΪʥˮ˻鱦ֱ̫ۣԲǰӺͽ鶼̫ʯͿ㯣˵
һ㱣Ӵӣ飩лʦ͡
޷ΪӵܣӦõġ̫˰֡
һѡ޺񣬵Ҳգ±ȻҲһɡ
ʦ𣡡һ
ʦ𣬵ӲңΪסʦֶͽʦֶϯӦõġҺʦ£ҳʦ裬ⲻϹأҲСͶĶԣʦջس
ʦջسҵȻ֣̿޺Ҳ˵
˾ĽʯʦֺͿʦ㣬ף޹زɷԲ
Ӻͽ飬һʦ֣һʦ㣬ǵõ̫ĶŹ棬ԼҪҲƻŹˣⲻס
ӹأһһ춨Խ
̫˵ǺολСë޹ؽҪ
λûԼڴ
Լ£ɾߵŮ洺ԪӣλʥҲˣľ̫еĵλ
赣ǣǰǰȷǹص£ҲһʱһʱĽı仯˴ǰԤƣˣ֮ǰĹҲˡ
ʥ£ʥΪˣ໥µĵӣǳΪǰϧ𻵸Ϊν˺ƤʥѾˣʶʥµĵΪĺܿ죬ԪʼͨλµĵӣмѾ޺ˣܲǣ
̫һֵ̾ȻϲΪȴҲȥֹΪ˰ˣһֱˡǣ²ܱ࣬㣬λͽһô𻵸£Ǿ
뵽ˣ̫һЦʥ˵ֶΣܱȵù𣬷İɣ𲻻ͽĸ
˵ֻ̫꣬ƿҩѺԼ񣬡ǻȥȵӾͿɣģ򾳽Ľ𵤡⣬ʥˮԼһ򻯵ʱ󷨣ֻҪǺúŬʱ׷ϵġ
˵ְ̫꣬ʥˮˡ
˺̫óƿһ飬ʯͿ飬ҲӺͽ鲻¡
λӼʦˣʦĻҲԥˡ
ֻº󣬿ʵʦ𣬵޶ۣ֪شΪΣ
𣿡
̫Ц˵Ҳ޷⣬ĪҪˣٻȥɣ⡭
ֵ̫󣬱Ὺ컯Ԫĥοʱ䣬ҪĥµӣȻʥҲ룬׼һɣĪҪ¸Ƕ
ǣ˹
Ȼ̫˵˺ش䣬̫˵컯Ԫʱ䡣
Ȼ뿪ˣȥԼΪ;硣
ʦ˵ģ¸ԼҲܸʦ
һ뿪ˡ
ֻ̫ľˡ
ľһֱ̫磬ĵĺ;һֱ׼ʥڵΪҪ׼ʥˡ
̫뵽ĹʵǰÿһҪˣ̫ϲ⡣
Ϊʱ䣬û뵽پҪˡ
˺ݷ֣ԭܼ򵥡
С綨ǻޱȵ̫磬Ȼ̫绥֮Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
̫ı仯̫Ϊģ̫ǻԪ޽ԲȻԽĴ߶ܴ
ַ̫磬֮ǰƿصС磬̫Ѿа˳ɵİգֻҪһȵıչأͻƻԪ޼ˡ
Ǹϵʱ䲻ԣۼԼҪȥͺԼʥ˵飬̫ͱչˡ
̫ȶۣԼ˵ĲлʹǰƵĲл̫ͱչأȡͻƻԪ޼ĲΡ
뵽ˣ̫ڴڴԼԪ޼ɵһ졣



725 ľʥ
ľ뷨㼸λʦʦһɽţ̫ľګľʵ
ʦ𣬵û뷨Ҳʺϵӣ̫ͺܺáľ
ţһֱܲҲڴ֪Ľ𣿡̫ʵ
̫ʣľһü
Խ̫鿴棬ǾŴƷеӽ
ľȣо򵥡
Ȼˣ˺ɢ͵ϣԼıԴʵ˽档
ǣ˹ӣǹʵȥһصĵϺϢһ۾ͽ˾
ľڣ֪ͽá
̫ľľ˼ˡ
ʦ𣬽ͽ棬Ǿ棬Ӳ֪ľ
Ǳ͸˵˵ǾŴƷۣΪԽڽǽĹʵֻҪ£ܽŴΰټϼнʥһ㡣
ֵ̫ǽǱΪ׼ġ
ʦ⣬ӣľһ㶣ǵļᶨҲˡ
ʥ˰
ʦ𣬵ӲҪӾãܿԼŬɾͻԪޡľƺ˺ܴľģ˵̫οĻ
޷ͬںɾͻԪ޽ֻкôûлİɡӵʥ˵ʵͨʥ˵ľȥԪ޽ɣޱȵĴ󡣡̫Ц
ǽǰ㣬̫ҲԸӷá
ʥ˶̫˵ĻԵƣľʥǰ㡣
ͬҲƺ̫ȫƿصġ
ľԪ޽ɺ̫
ĵĺҪɾͻԪ޽ɣܣҰͨԼԪ
ǣҪԪ޵ľʥкĽԪ޺ѡ
ľ̫Ļˣ㣿Լˡ
ƺȺҪãǼƷͽΰΰԲǷҲԼ
ʶľ̫صľлʦ𡣡
Щ㾤ҵҵӦõġҲɽ棬Ϊʥ˵·硣̫һľ
ǣʦ𡣡ľָܿƽҿȹ̡
ǧ꣬ܳ죬ȥչһɣ죬Ϳɱչˣȥɡ̫˻֡
ǣ
ľ뿪ˡ
̫ȴ֮ͨӣ˴֮ڡ
׻Ԫ޼ɣ̫Ĵ֮ӣ־޴ı仯
ɾͻԪ޽֮ʱ̫˵֮
ǳɾͻԪ޼֮ڵ͵֮ʧữΪ֮ӵĺˮ׵֮ӡ
ԪǶԷĸ
Ԫ޽ǶԷƿء
Ԫ޼ǶԷںϡ
Ҳ˵һһΣǴ޵д
˺Ԫʱ
Ԫ޵ʱ򣬽֮
ǻԪ޼ɵʱ̣̫֮ӵĿʼ
ȳѻԪ޼ɣ̫ʱѴ֮ʱ
ʱӴ֮ѵĵ֮ƿݻع鵽̫ԪҲԲ
棬ҵ·
ʼ޷Ѱٵңֻܽǰѵд֮ӣ֮Ӹ򣬽֮ӵȵȡ
ﵽĲκһֻˣⲿʧˣǵһ
̫ԼѾԲĵңԪԴԼһ㡣
̫ŲӿĴ֮ӣĺȻһһַ豹Һ
޷ǼУ˺ѣ档̫뵽
ǲԪ޼ɣһ޼ɲһԪУ޾һֱĬڱɾ޼ɵʱ̣׵ĺͱںϣʱĴߣһ챾ڴܾˡ
˵̹̾ſٵأ̫ʼ
Ԫоһߵĵ޾΢΢˸̫¼෨֮⣬Ҳʹǰ̫ɽʱæ
ֻҪһ첻ߵںϣ̫Ͳܴǣһʿѡ
ֻв޼ɣںϵһ̣̫Զͬףʵʱ̡
±ϣͱչͻơ̫ᶨ˵˺ʧ˴֮ӡ

̫硣
ת۽ǧ̫꣬Ľڳˡ
ˡһһֻ̫綼Ϊ֮
ʥĹʵ磬ת
ŴƷͽΪ֮һת·ߣԴͷǽŴͽ˿̣
ĵϺеΰҲ֮һ
ڡ
һٽ㡣
顱һֻԶˣ׵ĳˡ
ǽƺ飬Ʈ̫̫ϲԽݶ֪档
һԵľһڴʦ˵Ľ
ľ𺳼䣬ֻ̫°ɣ˺ܽŴͽΰʥһǿ󡣡
ǣʦ𣡡ľҲû˵ģӹͷˡ
Ѿ׼õȻһԥûС
½һ̣ʥ˵õ£Ӷɾʥһ
ֻľԪɳʼнʼ̫ͨʶ
䡪
˵µľճɾ̫ʥ˹λ

ֻ̫һѹɨ̫⣬ȫݷˡ
ģɾʥˣʹһ֮ӡ
̫̫죬ľ̫֮ӡ
̫ľܽŴ̫ΰչʥ˵ʵ
Ȱݼľʥˣ
ݼľʥˣ

̫绹ʣʮ飬׷ߵľףɾʥ֮λ
ľı仯ܴѹΰϢ͵ϱúƴ
ˣһ㡣
ԪѾ˽ͽ
̫еǣֻľһ䣬ıľȻʼֽˡ
˺һֽ糾һϸС㡣
Щ㿪ʼŽȥ
̫Ϊ̫֮ȻľҪʲôƶһ㣬ȻԼıֽ⣬ͽںˡ
һľԪ޽ɵһ̣ܳ׵ĺͽںϡ
Ӷɾͣľľǽֱ˴˵ľ档
ľʥ˺Ķ̫ûݵ
̫ȫӣȻľĴԵǾͳȫͽںϡ
һԼĵӣӵлˣĸɾͣǾʹˡ
˵ֻͨĻţҲˡ
سľĸţôҪǻڣҲǻԪڵĲˡ
֪ĸţ䶥Σֻһ˿ϣֻҪʱ㹻ɾ޼һİյġ
̫һʱϻο
ĵӣȥжҰ
ԣ̫ԥͬľͽںϡ
㣬ֻľǰıľʼͽںˡ
䡪
ǿıԴľղŵĽףΪɾʥˣҲʥľȻͽںϺ󣬲Ԫʼͨˡ
׼ᶼҪǿһ㡣
ããܺá̫ľϢ˶ס֮󣬸˵˵á


726 پ
ľлʦ𣬵нգȫʦ࣡
ʮ󡭡
ȹΪľϢѹ̫ݾߵл̫ࡣ
һĩСҳɲģ̫һֱʹ裬˴˿̵ľ
ɾʥ˵һ̣ľԼһʦӰ޴ڡ
˵Լ̫磬̾Լ̫ʦ
ܺãʱҲû뵽㻹ĻԵȻ׽˵Ǳɾ㣬ҲԼĻԵɡ
̫Ŀľסĵͷ
Ϊʥ˲ΣҲҪܳʱĹ̺ͻۣ뾹лԵͽϣӾŴǿԴʹ蹮̣ȲҲãú컯Ԫ汾һ°ɡ
ǣľ
ֵ̫컯ԪԪʼ񣬲ĥµӺʥ£Ԫʼ˽ףʺ֣ȥɡҲ֪ʥ˳ˡ
ǣľҲˡ
Լǰ͵Ĭ֮ǰɾʥ֮λˣǾͲһˡ
ճɾʥ˹λľ̫뿪ˡ

ɽ컯Ԫǰ
컯Ԫڴ˺ܾˣ֮ǰйκ䶯ĵĴĥ
ٵĵ̫ʱر컯Ԫ
彫ҪҪ֮ˣ̫ٴοĥӣҲ˳ĥһ¿Ҫʥ˵ʥ¡

˵µľ֮컯Ԫ꣬ǧ׼ʥ֮¿ɽ룡
䡪
ľһѸ棬ĳ׵ķˡ
Եɵˣ֪ĸԵˡ
ֻʱ䣬ϡ
׼ʥɽ룬͸ˡ
ʥǺܾȣ̫ԭ򣬵µ˵ĻԵ
ǿʥˣǱΪʥ˲κ󣬾Ϳ컯Ԫ棬ԼҲܲ󷨿ӡ
Զ׼ˡ
ܣǿܲãҲ컯Ԫ򱶡
ο컯Ԫе棬ˮȿ飬ҲҲ֮顣
ʥǷˣΪϳʥûˣҲͲˡ
ңʥҰˣæƣ˭ں顣
ҲͲǰµǵĵĺ;粻㣬컯Ԫ档
ʥ˲ѯֻ̫
⵹ûˡ
Σ컯Ԫ棬ʥ˶ǴǰҲޱȵӡ
ɻԪʼ
ľѸ洫ĺԪʼѸٵ˵ӡ
ʮϼ̺ȼơ
ʮԽԽˣԪʼĽʧܣʮ˶ֳ˺üɽͷ
ȿ֪컯ԪҪˣԪʼʵ
֪˵
һᣬǵĻˣֻҪȡúΣջᳬǵԤơԪʼ˵
˵꣬ڵӲ⣬ȡúλҪʦ˵ʥ£ȡúκܼ򵥵ġ
ңʲôջ
λӲԪʼȼƣ˵˵
ǣȼƵ
ΪϹŶ컯ԪȼƺϤҲֻûȡùΡ
λʦܣ컯Ԫ˵ƣǰĥÿζ䶯ģÿȡúΣ˼˵ĥֻһĺôǶúܣڡ
ȼƶһ˵ʮɾϲˣԭôôˡ硢ġ
ֱ
ȼֵ컯Ԫƿ߾ʦֻսһֱûٴοѡ
ڵӼˡ
ŽԪʼǵһ֪ԭʦ컯Ԫƿߡ
ڵǺˣ
ͨ˽ʥԼҲͬĴ
רŸڵһӡһβ̫Ĵˡ
ʥ£ʱ̼סǺˣǺˡ
ʦǰεĵһ˭ʵ
Ԫʼɫÿ֪Լʴˡ
һʦڶԪʥˣΪʦȷûеõһΪʦÿζǰ塭ԪʼԽ˵Խܡ
ǰÿǰ壬Լʥ˰ȻҲǰ壬ǸԼǿ
˻ڵӼԪʼɫÿû˵𺳺ܴʦȻûһεһֻǰ壬ǲ򵥰
ֲȼ˵ÿζ䶯ģÿǰĶһʱܡ
ȼƺܴΣʦΪľǰ֣
ڵӱȼôһʣҲˡ
ܼ򵥣ֻ׼ʥ֮µĥǼ̵꣬ȻòʥˣʥʱԪʼ
ʵɲģоõ𲻵صΪף˲ɵǰľһֱ𣬵ĺ;粻Ϊ˿̰幫˽
Ԫʼ뵽ˣĵҲãñ˵ףȱȡúΣҲ޻˵
ԪʼĴ꣬ʮˣȼϼһȴҡˣԪʼ˵ġ
Ԫʼ
ȻվҪŬҪǴԵĻᣬ⡭ʥ£Ҳ룬ΪʦһڴֻҪ˭áʥº¡һˣΪʦ輫Ʒ鱦һǰ鱦ǰƷ鱦ǰʮƷ鱦ǰʮƷ鱦ʮûн
ǣӵȶʦڴڵӼˣһȻǼƷ鱦ֱ̫ˡ
ȼҲˣ׼ʥ֮£Լ˴Բ˭ùԼʥº£Լһˡ
õӣҲԪʥµȣµĽ顢ʯµӡ
ⶼСֱ˭ùԼ
ʥ£ҩʦԼԶͨʥµͶ౦ҲԼԶֱûжְ
ȼƼˡ
ȻȻ䣡
ȼƣ㲻㡣
һ㲻㣬ȼɫ˲ˡ
ԪʼĻ˲ڴȼƻˡ
Ͼǧ֮һСñѿ㲻òμˡԪʼֵ
ȼƺ˵ҲںҲںӵģġ
κβңֻܰѼľѹס˵ǣӽʦ֮
ţɣеʱ䣬Ŭһ¡˵Ԫʼ뿪ˡ
Ԫʼ뿪ʮɺܼ˿һȼơ
Ǻǣô˵ҲǰҪᣬ
ǰҪҵиͣûġ˵
ߣȼƷŭ뿪ˡ


ɽ
Ӷ⣬꣬ЩãԼĵҩŬ¶ġ
컯ԪĥӼصе⣬˵ҪԺǵȶˣôĵط
ʦӶڴǰǵһĵһǵҲһһ
֪ԼʦǵһεĵһģԼһҪøһ
ǺǣնһѵģչŲ˵㣬ʥȾĵһУµĽҲ򵥣ΪʦһǰУ֪ʱС£µʧͲǿֱȫԸͺáЦ
ӣӣӽʦеʧ䣬ʦԼ
ѵĺѣ



727 ľʥ˴

֤ԼĻˣ컯Ԫˣȥɣȥ֤ǡ
ͨصĿһۣ״ӣŵͨû⡣
Ҫϣ˶౦ˡʥĸڵʥĸ˵ϡ
ʦҵȶʦڴڽؽ̵ӵ

ҩʦյȣҲ׼ͽһУһԻиѷĽ
ǸճͱѹԵʣһ͵˺ܶࡣ
ǣѱԸʼմڵģν׼ͽΪѡ
ҩʦˣ׼ͽԴڴܴ⼸˵Ķܲ
컯ԪĥСǵĥ׼ͽԴ˺ӡ
˵ǿĥģ򾳽硣
˵ܵõˣ˭Сӵġ
ĪҪ⣬컯ԪǰĥΪʦʦ嶼μӹźǣҶδһλǰĳɼѶȿ֪䲻֪űʥº£Խǵľͺܶ࡭
һ˵˵ѹ

£ʯȡû뵽ľʦ֡
ǰ̫Ĵ裬ӡ顢ˣѾﵽ˴ڵʵȴǴﵽ˴޺ڡ
һʱн컯Ԫĥʼˣʯ˹ƣ컯Ԫλӻд
ԪµȣڼθĴڣԪӵϤĽ̵
û̫Ĵ裬ȴҲﵽ˴޺ڵΪǽӽԲ
ֻҪĥջȶţҶǾƷϵĲΡ
̫£ΨŮûеӵǣ˲ϵ⡣
ڼһն֮ء
ֻһպڰֵĵ򣬺Ȼһ˸ֻӰ˳
һ˿ȥһȴȥޱȵǱ
ȿȡĵһȣɫе԰ףɵĿۺڰ
ƺµӡ
СӣţҵȻʮƷܲսȷΪͨúܴ󡣡Ѿʧܾúܾˣսûгֹ
ʦӾûнôھͳˡǿ
ԭʶ˿ͨɫ󣬷ִͨˢ
ͨҪнҪԼˡ
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һһƹأȴǸľڿӵĻʥ˺ܡ
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Ȼ½ǵһߡ
˷׷ĽĿȡһطһдȺĵе¶ƺĪϵܲ⡣
ʱš
ǧֻʣǰˡ
ھǧֻ߰꣬ʣǰˡ
УдǰҪõһĿ
Ψһߣź֣ħĵˣ
ħģȴħš
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730 һˣ
ڣ
˵ʥҲݲҵţ˶βĥضᱻλʱܰռƻˡ
νħģأһֱججֱ̫ҽʱˣԼһתҲ˶
Դһɫ̨̨Գƣ档
ʱһֱڡ̵ħġ
˵˺಼֣ܶɲŵûħǳɾһ
ħʹ棬ԼǺת
ȴûֻ˵ɾ׼ʥʱǰһ̡
Ϊǰļ䣬ħһֱŬڣȴħ
ħ֮κεȴһɾħߵɣһС
ֱǰ˵ԼĻԵˣ컯ԪĥԼԵڡ
ħĻɹ棬ǣֱԴе׽Ǵ˵ģǲẦԼģԴˡ
ԼδǰЩ²˵
ȻħӺĻ컯ԪĥҪľģӶأǰȥ̡
ȻħĲ֪ĥиĺ塣
о˰̽컯Ԫĺ塣
ȻջСħΪε޵ħܵõ顣
ħħľúܻơ
Ȼȥ󣬵߸֪
ֻҪԴΪһ֮ڣġ
Ϊʼǡޡ֮ڡ
ħĽҲͶУΣս٣Щ̭
ջôħĶû뵽
컯Ԫ棬ֱ߸
ۣħֶȹһ󷨺ɫ԰ףһѪ
ħĵϢһˣܳŵҲܼˡӦǰûˣƻﵽˣȥɣ˴εջѾܴˡ
뵽ˣħĲˡ

磡

ֻһ۵ħĳˡ

ڶڶˣ
˵˭ôû
˭

ħĳֺһʱˣڵĻˣһڴĿ
һȴû֪Ǻˣƺûֹ
Ѿûˣûֹȴһξ𺳺ģĥĵڶˡ
ǵڶħ˲󣬲ҩʦ͵ɢ
컯Ԫ˵ۡ
ңħĺȻּ˵ĿⶢԼһ㤣ǼĿ̽
һ˿ķΪϲĻǼλʥ̽Լ
˵ԼĴڲܱ̽鵽ν̫ҲС
Ϊ˵֮ǰĻ̫ͺֻҪ̽飬ϣ֪Լġ
ش䣬һˡ
ߺε棿̫ߺ̽ġ
˵ԼǶµĶ˶ӻԼ
ħҲᶨΪԼʵݣʥ̽鲻ġ
Ȼ
ףþķڣСһдԵӵ
ţܾķڣԪʼ
ԪҲ
׼Ὺʼˡ
ڲǳֵʱ̣ôţϲĥԵʣ׼᲻Ҷֶţ̫ˣûκεıʾ
ħȴ˿Ȼ˵ģû̽Լʵݡ
ŷġ
ҲˣȻ˱Լǿ˵ԼģҲڵ˺Լ°
𣿡ħü
һߡ
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ϲ
ħĳ󣬱ʾһӹˣǴǰ˵ҪõһĿ
˾ãԴ
еˣ˼ҿԴ󣬶˼汾°
һˡ
ˣ̫ڶǰϵŵֻҪȡõһͺʽΪ£񡭡
˵ϵеҺ͵Ὠ顯ˣСûϵĽ̵
˵꣬ʯ˲ˣԼӲԼ̫ǣҲ˵˵顣
ѣİɣ㣬ƶᴫʦġʯʦִͷˡ
ʥҲʦ˵ġԪӵ
ʥλȥ˵ľ
̫£׷ױʾԸӣ̫顣
лλˣʵѱǽϵѵ˵Եɡ
˵ˣΪοô㣬Ȼ̫ܵԭ
ʯԪľ󣬷ףԭôһϷ
ֲԼˣʦ𲻽ܿ
ӻͷʦԭ¹öβСοˣʦͲˣѷİɡľ˵
ţүӦġĶ˵үˡ


ʱ
ֻһˡ
һˣ
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˻ǿĴڡ

󣬱ʾ˴ĥ׵ĽˣҲˣעҪˡ
׼ͽһۣǺϤ׼˲£ħĵ˼ʼŭĻǰˡ
ӪУע⵽ˣֻûϣҲҽ
磬Ȼ𣿡ѱǣǰٶ㲻ϣ˵һˡ
ҺʹĲ𣿡뵽
ߣʥˣֻںҩʦգҪҲصңҶʹһ뵽
ΪԼ֮ǿģڱĨȥΪпޡ
ʵҪǿеģΪǿԼѣŵ´ǲɵ
ϿⱲӲˣĨȥʱ̾עˡ
Ҳλ뷨Ըע˶ⶡ
ǰ⿪ӡȥӻȥ˽׼⽻
Ͼ׼ͽҲе㷴ġ
κνڣǾãʥ˴ڣ²ӣҲûķһǿûдӦ
Ϊ˻˺ܾãӲԸԼףҲû취
ټϣʥˣˣϣгɾ͡

һߣ
ʦûʦĽ̵Ǳĥ˺ܶ࣬ԵصĶ࣬ԸҲ˺ܶࡣ
ããܺáûϵĽ̵ɡ񼤶˿Լ̵ڳɲˡ
̽鷢֣ľ粻ȣֲȡǸ㵼£ҪͻƵ¡
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˵ֻҪһʱĳĥܸ׼ʥնȥһʬ
ټϵһ˵ǿˣҪˡ
ٰţ̫ɽʯǶеĽСһǰ;
ҪʵʵҪ츳츳ҪˣҪ̨к̨
֮ܿÿ
ſĳ컯ԪĥʽĽˡ
ջġ
ҫ۵ǿȡ顢ӡˡ
ѩȣһΪ
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ӡҩʦȣ౦ʥĸʥ£һˡ
⣬ǰʮһɢޣҲʼˣǰ޾µĳĬһٳ
˾ħĵˣڶĴڡ
׼ʥǣʼ˼ˣҪҪħΪͽ
ʥ˵Ĳ࣬ʥ˵ӣȥ
˿ʼˣĹ
Ǿҵҵ̫׽ǣΪͥǲģǰһٵɢ޶һ飬˵ôʮ˵ˡ
¸λͳŵ㹻ɣҪͥֻҪͥǰæУͥıԱ
ʮ˵ĴӦ̫׽ǿϣˡ
ħģֻҪħĴӦˣͥúĿ࿴Դ˺̫ˡ
ħĵѡֻ̫׸˵ӲķˣҰŲҽС
ϣˣһشһû̫׵ԪС
жֵ׼ᣬۿüֱͥڶħģ̫ҲҴ⣬׼ܡɡİгˡ
ɰѺܶһ
ߣȻ޳ܵһˡ
޳֮ͽԪʼҲˣֱӴ뿪ˡ
ţľһ
ľ֣ĥԼҲ׼ˣȻ˲ˣͿϻ̫ʦɡ
ʶľûᣬſˣԪҲˡ
һĻ׼˿
޳ôˣΪΪ֤ƶԸⱾҵĵѡ׼뵽
ʥ˿׼ᣬ׼ỹαأ
ħģ׼ֵĻˡ
Ȼ򵥵ѯʣħͷݣɹˡ
ħĺܸˣ׼Ҳܸˣ
Դϲĳ棡


731 ̫ĵ̣ͨı仯
һ̫硣
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ݼү̫𣩡
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δ̫ϴʼһֱûлع̫硣
һֱſĴĥ
ܵõ޵һ˵ĳƺܲľͱ˵ˣ㣬䱻ĥȥ˺̵ܶ࣬ĺܺãĥƽǲ㵱֮ˣĥƽԸԴäĿܲҲĲ̫˿佱
˵õ϶ܸˡ
ȻˣΪ£ϯɳͽФӣߣ˱ݺΪƷ鱦ִ˲ٹڣɴɱ˲մҲƾ˳ͽӣ⣬ʥˮϴӱԴţٴȣ˶鱦ʺϣȣƺУȴֻһǿɰͨɫڣɣڼƷ鱦
ֻ̫һ֣鱦ʥˮ£̫Գ棬ʽΪϯ󻤷ˡ
ǿθˣǿһ㤣ƣҪ˶þնȥʬˡ
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ӳƺ̫ʦ棬ΪȻƺ档ҪǳƺǺͬˡ
Ƕһˡ
£кü𡢻񡢪ݡˡ
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ѧϰšԼͨ͹Ϊڰɡֵ̫
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ˣȥѰһסɣɽ̫硣
̫˵
˵꣬һſѰһסԶʦͽѡһ顣
ͬʱǿ۽ˣʦ̫˾̫鲻࣬׷׹Լ
Ҳͨˣʶ̫ĵ̣ʮ飬ͶǴкĲΣ
󣬵׼ʥ̫һˣ
һɻصһ׼ʥ֮ǰû˵
Ҳ˵ǼĬĬţҲϲϲ̫磬Ҳһͻ
Ƕ͵Ҫ֪̫ôֻ᲻ɵۣ
Һÿ֪̫鶼նħģҪô׼ʥնʬõղ롣
̫Ǹԣڸԣÿṩնʬõ
նħͼˣնȥҼд֮ӣ䲻նʬ׼ʥٳһնʬü

ʦ̫ĵֱ̰ǿס˺ܾã˵
ңӸо˵׼ʥЩ޺ԲģͲȵӲǿΪͨǿǱȽΪ͵ģӶûգ
УǴԣҪ̫磬Ӷ֪ô׼ʥֱ󡣡
ˡʦ洣ĵǿֱӿٵеĹܶмأܶӿˣֱ˼
ʦ
ੲݵĿд޵һ˵ο۽ˣһ󼤶̽֡
ˣˣʿЦ
ʿǴ޸֡һҪȻ˵ˣˡ
ʲô޸֣ĵĳƺ̫͵Ĵڡ
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ӺΣʿĹʱֵĳƺĹʱֳƺħħװɣҲħħּңĹŸ߲ƺʿв飬һЩƤë׵ĵײ㣬ƺҲǴ˺ҲɣʿǴ˿̵Ĵܻ񡣡
ֵ̫絽״ڶˣ˵֪ûףܺͺһͬģΪ֮һԣ̫ܴͳ˻Ĺʱĳƺ޿ɳƺʿʲô޸֣ǲڵģ̫ͶǴޣĸ֣Ϊʦնȥħģٵһնȥħġ
˵ԡ
ֵ̫Ǻصĵط룬Ϻܱƺʥأο̫ˣԣ޾µĻۣ˴˿̵ĵ̣ҲûҰģҪҰĳưԣʲô١
ޣȻܿۡ
˺󣬷ʦ˵ĶԣҪǵưԣû˵¡
ֵǿȻƻƽ⣬ԣ֮»ԶΣ֮µǲ֪ڵġҪǲΣС鶼ݵˣ˻ôˣô
һĵԭʦ˵Ҫǵ𲻱Σû˵¡
ǽڵЦ
˵ͷǺʣ𵽵Ϊʲô
üЦˣǲ֪Ϊʲô
Ӳҡæ
ˣ̫죬ôĵ֪ܲģɶ˵ľ˵ܺһ
˵ĿΣһ뻹ǣǸϡ
ҲΪͬҲΪ˳ŵӦ̹Ŵػġ
ðɣôߴϵĻش𣬿ʾⲻˡ
ˣȥʥˮ鱦ɣˣնʬҲͲԶˡ˻֣ÿȥչˡ

һߡ
ľ̫㱨˴˴컯Ԫĥħĵĳ̫һ档
ݺֻǸе֣ûĵط̫Ҳͷˡ
һԲѾǰˣǰʥһ֪£̫Ǹı䡣
ɾһ˺̫һЩܱ䶼ݲˣǰɾ޼ʥ˵Ĺؼ̽죬̫ͺףɾ޼ʥˡ
뵽޼ʥˣ̫뵽˺ͺĳŵӦġ
ݷ֣滹ûԶˣҲʱ䣬˺ۡ
ڳɾ޼ʥˣԶˡ
仯󣬺Գɾ޼ʥˣܻҪԶĺܡ
糹ܱǰǲܵġ
ҲҪ춨λͥͶǧʱ
ôһ㣬̫ʱȥˣȽ˵ɡ
ڵλ޼ʥˣǺͷ̫֪˭ôһ޼ʥˣֻ̫дŵĸҪôĺܡ
޼ʥ˺ҲҪʱڶв֪ã޼ʥ˾͡Զˣ
ʱȥ룬Ⱦۺ󣬱չͻƣ󿴷չɡ
뵽ˣ̫ľȥˣźĴš

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˴컯Ԫĥһʱ䴫ˡ
ǿݴʼ˵ĺᣬǿָʲôǲ֪޸ɰϲ߻һķˣһˡ
ɰ˾ݴǻĹɵһף̫ץסѯʹϢ̫ǣ˸ıˣӻĹŴ
֪ܶܣǽ״޺
ǣΪûֵĵУǷϻĹʱ財󡱡
Ҫ˵ˣǾе˵ˣô˵أ֮ǿĴڣޡˣ֪ǿСɳ뵽ʲô˵ˡ
ڲˣ˵˵
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޸ֽ£ҲܵģɰǰϲһڣԲӾŵϰߣ˺Ҳľˡ
ʨӥЦĿϲµĵѣǺΡ
ΪȥϺݼ̫ǰһֱûȥҲңȹɰʨӥڴ޽ˣǶܹ̫ͣΪ˵ȥߵ̫

ڶ
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ȫûȫû
ͨһôԼϣĵӣȻôԼ֪
ѹסŭ𣺡ǱĽȣҲǱû鱦ȵıñʧȷҪһˡ
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ڼ״Ӻŵ⣬ȫѰɽŰɣÿһԪ֮⣬ĪҪǰ󲻿ҽؽ£ıͲпᣬʴ޿֣ҪıһˣͬԼǸΪߴѹǣͬᣬᡭ
ͨ˺ģһˡ
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ģɢ޵Ϊˡ
ͨ첻ǲ֪ܶԼҫģǰûᣬڲ᲻ˣٲᶪ˶ˡ
ԣͨһﲻĵӶˣʥ֮Ϊˡ
ǣͨᣬ˵ֱѸˡ
Ѹ棬ʱѹס˿ħĵ˵ı˴̡
֪Եɵˣͨʥ˿ʼ仯ˣұ仯ܴ󣬽ؽ̫ܹ࣬ؽ̵
ºˣʥѸĸӶˡ
㣬ؽһ󰧺ܹؽһ󻶺׷׳ͨʥˡ
ͨ춼û뵽ֻССľԼȻǿˣ
ͨƺѰٵĿʼ仯ˣΪϸ˼ְ


732 ۹ٻ
ͨ췴룬ΪԼһЩӵӵҫȻõˣ
˵ǰĲФһֱڼԼˣ
ôһ룬ͨΪʥˣȴŵһ亹˶ʥ˶Ҫס
Գʥ֮Ϊûн粻ǲܸ򣬵ÿνǰᣬǿ֧ŵġ
ûˣ˵ԶԽˣ
ʿ˵Ϊ;粻ûʲô
ͨεľͨ˺ܶ࣬͵ȹ̵ĵӣԼˣ౦ǣĥõˣԼΪʦҲõˡ
һЩФӣΪʮ⡱ԼˣĶԱȣ
ֲãԭˡͨ̾
˺˵Եӿʼ࿼ˣһЩмӸǱˡ
ؽ֮ԵʣͨһԸȴǰ˺ܶࡣ

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Ⱥܵʲôʴȵʦ
ԴԼԪʼʦʦı仯̫ˣҪ鱦鱦Ҫָָ㡣
Լѵĵӣ˵ȺܲĵΪʦ鱦͹ҲҪ˲ſɡ
⻰˵һЩӺܷУ֮ǰʦƫģڲ˵ˡ
ͬǰӵĴȺ˼ҾԼ治
ʦԴȺԴӡྫӡ̫ҵˣԼҲ޻˵
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ûкʥˣ״Ӿ׶ӣ׶ӻҪס
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仯̫ˣǰʯĵʯĿ޺￪ʼŨһɽ
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ͦεӣվʯǰ
ʯԵεıֺ⣬޺ڵľ磬ڵΪҴǰػƷ컨ţҲǾƷĲΡ
ڵһʮƷ
ĵӣʯĸŶˡ
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ңʦ˵ˣ㲻úдԵʦ涨µġ
ĽͿóˣ󣬻ԵģΪûĻԵĶԱȡ
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ʦӸˣͷӰɡӣӡѩ
ͱܲΡ
ն֮վӽʦֶ˵㣬ǵڶ򶫺㵮ڱǲɱģ£ĪҪͺãֻҪᶨģصƿ
ӣӣѩ֪ôشҧҧ¾һҪ
ν˻ϲ˳ο˭ǿ˭һĿȻˡ
ɽĽޱȵ⣬ͽӶҪֵľãԼ״ӡ

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ȿȣĸ޷̫ףɫܲ԰ף
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ǰҡͨϵʱѾֺһС
˿۵죬ǲ֪ǰļƻģֻΪչһѡ
ţջС׼ʥȹˡ͵һЦ
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ǾͺãǾͺáؼ
ߣαΪдͻƣҪЩļһÿʦãʦȥټǣʦֱչ̫ˣ˱ۣʦΪҲøǵѹˡ
˵ֵˣʦãʦִ˴αչظܶ࣬ϵۺĸĳƺҪһˣ㿴УȻϵôȻʴ۾Уʦƺ̫ŹϽĸΣɳƺĸ
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뵽ǰĽ˵ԼʲôܣԼ۵ģؾͿˡ
ƣʦνܺãʦΪʴۣʦҾĸĸ
ţʦͺãټͥˣʽ˵꣬˿һСһĽɫʯ
ԤУòúҲܻˣ˫ϲţ
˵꣬ʴۿһغͽġ뿪ˡ
лҪһ
ͽĸһ̾Ϣ

úͥĳƺΪġ
Ƶۣȥݣʥ˰һ顣
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734 ̶
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ʱ֮ٽһǣ֮
ǰ̫ȵͨҲˣһ۸㶨һС
һʥ˲Ǿ֮ʲôʥ˲
ʹˣ֮ɰʥɳ׻ع鱾Դʼ״̬ʼ״̬ʲô
ʼ״̬ϾһС
˵Ҳûˣһ鱦ǲܻ̫֮ܰعʼ״̬~~ץһأֽֽٰ֮һصıԴ۳һ鱦鵤󷨡򡭡
ȷ棬κα̫Զ
˶ܱ֮عʼ״̬οǵ
ͨҪ߼ޣ޵ˣعʼ״̬ĵˡĿ̫
˻뵽ˣ̫һÿ£ĴУԼǰͨ͹ȫá
֮ȷӦʵ;磬̫ɾʹȷղĶ
ڻУһɱһʥͨ˺ʥ˵ıԴԴϵ䡣
ӵΪһУǰˡ
̫֮ͨߡֱͣӵһǳǰԸԸ̫
ԣͨǿ󣬵Ǹ̫Ϊߡ
Ҳʾ̫Ĵǰ̭ͨһ˫ܸ㶨һС
뵽ˣ̫жϣΨһĴͨ
ΪʹһУͨûжһ
ңϸһ룬ⲻܴͨ鱦
鱦治Ҳ
ѵ̭ͨӵ̭˱鱦̫뵽
˺󡭡̫һ˼
ðɣ̫ʱ̣Ӻͺ߶ˣ̫һ̾
ӷǿںںϺѾ
Ҳ˵̫վŲʥ˴߶ûá
˵̫ģҲʹǰ̫ɽʱֵ۵ˮΰĹĶá
Ȼ̫˵һֱ޵еĴڣûʲôǿĶ֣ܱȽϵֻǿĻԪüˣʥӽǡ
ҪһԪ޼ɵĶ֣һԪ޼ɵĹɲǰˮΡĹ
̫ղһȫ޼µģͨûã鱦Ҳá
ʶ̫תһ룬Լ̫޵УǶֶ̫
ǰ߸ʥϣսʤ߸ʥ˾ϣ̫΢΢һЦ
һ޵иһ޵еļįǰֻ޵еС顣
֮һ̫Բȥ룬һֱ޵Уֻ޵еį˶ѡ
ˡ
̫һͨ󣬿ʼ̽Ԫı仯
Ԫ޼ɺԪûˣ
ѾԪһֱ˴ˣ˵ܴһС
ԪԪΪģҲƣ˵ֱ˴ˡ
ȻԪϸ˵꣬飬ȥˣ
ʵˣԪ޼ɺ֮ӿʼںϡ
֮У
ֻ̫ǰҵ֮أ̫Ԫ޼ɺ̫ǰԪռķ֮飬ͨźʹ֮ӵĵҺһ
˺󣬿ʼڣĺʹ֮ںϣɾںϷһɣ̫
һҲʱ伫Ϊһǰ̫ףԼ׻Ԫ޼ѣѵǣġҡʧںϽ֮ӡ
Ҫһ

̫̽ͨ󣬿ʼһʹ֮ںϡԪ޼ɵΰȻǽ֮ӵķ
ֻгɾʱﵽĲΣҳѴ֮ӣƿݻع̫塣ʱһҾǵ

綼׼ˣʼɣںϴ֮ӣΪ򣡡
̫ʼıչأ


736 
̫磡
ڳɹˣֻȳ֮ںˡ̫µķ
컯Ǹլϲ鷳̫ķչüһҪС磬ܸĸ졣
˵컯˵컯֮չǴߡ
ʱ컯ˣ˻Ԫ޽ɺ߲ĲΣ̫ԵΪĺܿ졣
ǰ̫ǰ컯Сʱ֣컯ˣԴˡ
仯ܴϸ˵е̫ʥĸˣȱ֮ߺء
ǰ컯ˣǰ컯
Ϊһ컯ĸ֮Ѿ컯յ㴴߿£
ֻлԪ޽ɵĲΣѾںϷĻԪ޼ҲǸ߲ҵΡ
˵Ԫ޽ɵ컯ˣڶԴ򲻶࣬ǡɿںʥĸĵϡ
̫¹ʥĸ컯ˣƻ˼ƻǽչذɣҪǰ۵˽컯ָ컯˸ʥĸ
ԣ̫˷
ֻ׼ʥԲĲΡ
֮ǰ׼ʥڣ̫Ԫ޼ɺ󣬷ﵽ׼ʥԲˡ
ãΪ㹻ˣȥһҲãһϺ˵ĵŵġ
뵽ˣ̫һ

һߣ
䣿
ڸϵʦʯ˵䡣
俿ָһ㣬δʱ䣬ʦ˵ʦѾּ⣬Ȼ˻δӴȥݷһ
ʱ壬ţѾķչĲ䡣
֮һڿ֮ء
˵УŨΪɽ֮ء
Ҳ˵ؿ䣬ɽ磬Ϊɽĵġ
һһ߰й۲䣬ʼĬĬĶӦʦ
ɽţ干֮ĸĳءһݣǰһ۵ɽ
Ǻõطƶһ·鲼ģһЩϡĵط弸Ƿ֮Σ䵹ǲȻһɳϣǺûԵӵ
ĴʱΪؽֹŨ֮أ;ų鲼ϡ֮ء
һŨĵطٵغһЩصĸ춴һϡĵطȴ½˺ֹһΡ
硣
ֽ͸ԽԽԤؽ䣬ôǲ֪ҲҴĦ
һЩСһЩ飬ǲָ룬ΪԼڵĵطء
飬ɽûϡ̫ת׳󣬺ԭ켣кĶԱȣֱչķ
ңܶ˲֪ǣĻʱ޿̵󣬳ʥһǲ֪ġ
ƺڻۣȻ۵һΡ컻ء
ӴɽǶȴһ·ϸ˾޴Ĳͱ仯

ӡʯӣǰݷ񣡡
Ǻȫ棬ݷ
¡

ֻδЦȵˣӵİݷƺܸˡ
ʦֶɣ
ֻԵһ׵縲ģ́ͨϡ
Ӱݼ񣡡
Уһ۵Ĺĵĵ͵ǳģԲմӦ˶ڤӡһڣʥ˶ƺĨɱ
Ӧ˶Ĵ񣬳ʧѪɿһڤӲ
ƣ΢ЦĿӣʯֺøô˼ͽ
ǰˣĸܰʦ¡ӵ
컯Ԫеı֣֪ǫ顣˰֡
ֵΪ干
ǣӼôʹ죬Ҳ󣬵ʦּ⣬ǰķˡ
ţѴ񣬴Ե٣֡
˳춨֮⣬Ҳǻ۸˺͸Դ
һˣǺĵػũ˻ԯ
ʷΪ干ĿȻһ
ʶȴԴ֮ڣȫˣɾϷ֮
Լ˺͸Դ𲽣˹ԲҲõ£ڻݻĺô
ңܽõˣ䲻࣬˵Ѿˡ
Ϊ֮
˶ļӳ֣ʥ˱ӻߵ֡ͼڡλԼ˿Ӧ˶Ĵĸ
֡ɾ֮ǰᡣ

ӣ̸һŰݱ󣬴Ѱһȷ˳Ҳб޻
ת˲꣡
УһŮӻϣڻɽһ磬дϡ
в֪ȢףҲżʶֻ֪ĸ֪丸
ŮӣȴΪ˵ϲ
ܵıӻ
Եʣһ޺鲻ҿнľ棬Ĺ͡
ഫһͨ飬ʴȲ÷ڴ棬мδ˵мЩ壬׵ԵʣӶ档
䣬Ҳ󵱳˲ػʱݡ
һе֣һ£ССһ磬˷ʥĵط
岻̤й˵еĴͨڲϲţҲ˶˲棬̤
ĺòҴ׷Ӳ
κλȴϲ뵽ԼĸףԼʱ缲ȴ֪˭лϣıľ档
һŮӶѣεķԼκεĸı䡣
⹶ϣΪΪϯʽܵǣԼĸһ㡣
ϴ˿ʱѣ϶Ӣо޴ĳݡ
Ƕػͺ棬֪ǺεȴܵĴڣǵõܵԼиĴӢۡ
һССŮӵܻ࣬ĵܿЦȴ֮µӦˣ·
ò˵ʱĻϣֺ˳ƺƽš

Ѿ䣬ȺҪұҪˣаʮӸңѵҪǽϣȻĸһֱϳ˺֪˭Һĸ𣿡ϵͳ
Ͻꡣ
ֲ٣ԱȺģ̫СˣҰ޿޾壬ڲ֣峯Ϧв
Ƿ䱻Ӽ䱻ɱ߳Ե³ŮӻΪսʤսƷ
̡ԴŮˣԶսҪԭ
еȺͿɻùԴĸ֣Ů˾ͿˣһҪ
ҲΪôûԭ
鷳ҲˣΪˣȻһǿ˸ġԴˡ
䡢δ£Ҳ˵һֵĻʱĺûеģûл֮Ȼڻ׵ĸ
۶˺֮ܶӱΪ
Ҳ崴ԲģֱӰԭ
˵ʱ壬û֮Ҳ޹غͻֵ
Ի˵ʱԽԽȣҪˡ
Ǳʱһ£ıԼˣѵľ
Ŀıüᶨһֱ羴ıһ£ߡ

עǡ˻ʡƺԲ˻ʣŷΪʡػʡ˻ʣδԲǰ干ĳƺ


737 ˵
һˣȻҪı䡣
ΪˣΪȴΪСԵʣԳδ̤ķΧ
ôܸı˵ֻأǳ羴
ûĺѡ񣬻ϴ̤ѰһֱĴͨڣԴ˸ıԼˡ

ȻûΣգϱľ̤󣬷ֻҪԼ㿪һЩΣյȫԽ
̤ʧܾúڲˡ
ڻðΪ伫ΪŭΪð顣
ΨΪߣһ޾µĽɸź󣬾òˡ
þȻ֪Ķ࣬ȣ֪νػһ֮ͨأ
ûνġ顱
Լչ뿪ʥ̫ˣӦ𾴵ֻʥĸ˽̽ûҪ𾴡
ɸı޿κεķ֣С̫ͨʱǷ˼ԼСǾöԷ̫ǿ
̫ǿô죬Ϊɣ
Ϊ񻹲ֹҪ񣬻Ҫ񣬻ҪΪĸ
ɸ֪סŵ㣬Ҳȱסŵ㣬޾һУսսء
ǿϢ꣬ıǨѾҪĥҪһλȼġŭ𡱡
ȷҲмУλڵıӻϣӻĽسϣһֽ
磺ǷλڵģỹϡǲˣǹسǷµıӻ֮Ķ͡
ɸֲȴû취ı䣬ʥضܣֻͽκΣ
ڻϣĽɸֺܿãڲͬ

һȥʮ꣬ģ俪ʼСˡ
лŮӲ񣬸ôʥ󣬽ʬ޴棬Ҫǣ
Ҫ𾴣ܴȫĶͣ
ΰĴڡ

̲ĵĻϡ
ʮ
죡۾΢΢һЦ
죡活Ůʥһ̾Ϣ
죡ڤƽ˿
Ҳ죬ϼһ޴Ľӡһ̽һһһʱˣ

ĵŵһĻˡ
ϸоԼоһ
Լ˾Ȼʮʱ䡣
⣬ѵΰڵĶͣ𾪺͵һϲ
ڳڱȺϴԺͽΪһŮӡһѲǿΪҪϵĹݡ
Խ뵽ˣԽǼĶͣȻţǸܵԼĵ棬ԴԼһӡ
ļĻ뷨ֻ뾡췵Ⱥĺӣˡ
㣬Ϸ˷䡣
ϵķأ䳹׷ˡ
һɷ̲ĵŮӾȻûôܣ񣬱Ҫŭô죿
ϣ㾹ʥأðΰĴڣ޿⡣
ˣ峤ŭ
һˣеĸ䣬ǿðΰĴڣҪͻᵹù
ס֣һĺӣǲҡһ𣬰ĸ߲һ
ĺӣ
⣿
޷⣡
̫߸ˣεȴڣôܺӴҪ𾴵ģⲻܵġ
ǷʥذԼչɢĺȻѡ
ǣдˣһЩ뷨飬̽Ѿ˲岿ġ񡱡һߴڣѹե岿䣬ȴˡ
Ĳ䣬˵ǣ֮ڿഫȻΪ棬Ϊÿ䶼ԼǱӻ壬彫ᱻ
֪ʥ󣬴˿ܶಿ淽ʽ
ΪҪ֮ӳ壬ΪҪٴԵɡ
˺ܴ˵ģ˴ȴСԭˡ
ܶھ
öಿνЩǺõģ
ĻǶûкôֻ嵱ӵġ

Ǳסˣ𺳺󣬽ŽɵĶԻ֮
ʱݣȥˣȻû¸
ģ俪ʼʱƣԻϿʼѹˡ
ֵȷһʱܳǾû˻̥
ϸе̥Ա俴ˡ
ҺãҲΪĿ־壬ûҴɱϣǰѻϸϳȺ

ȻһĻˣϳȺĻϣ̥棬ΪҲ˱úͷһжʼѡûȺıӻϻͦ˶á
ʱˡ
ãѾʱǰ̽ʱһĻ
룡
񻰴˵Է˵
뾹Ȼÿնʳη磬ʱ򣬻ϵꡣ
һĻ÷ɵۣϸտʼҲ𺳡
𺳹Ӽᶨ˵е޶ԼػԼеĺΰĺ
侪ʧ룬ҵ˺ܾδĽɳϡ
ɸѱչغܾãв֪ʲôڻϽ󲻾úѱչأǰ̾ϢһŮӵ䡣
û뵽ԼչرѣȻһĻ
ɸֶʱԷ峤͸߲һʹ⣬˻֮ء
κΣޱǿ󣬲κ˿ϣػĺܡְ𡱣
ɸֺͷΣ϶Σֻۿķչ
ڣǰ˰꣬һ֮һ˰
죡
ֻһòʵĵˣɺ׶
ӣһֱעŻϺͷ䣬ֻǻԵܳ֡
ϱϳҲδˡ
һϲ룺ȷδ干ǰػԼò֡
㵽干ʯĽˡ
Ȼһ꣬ǰ׵ȵģһֱо壬Ѻø干ҲԼͽ
ӽĹ۲췢֣ܶ࣬Լǰ֪仯ܴ
ǲķ䣬ȻҲİ󵱳ػ
֪ûǣֻżּζѣǳ֣ҲΪԼ徲⡣
ܲѹİǲԼķܶͷԲŴ
ЦǣԼ˵ƴŬıӻ
ͨЩûȥĲ̽飬Ӿã֮干Լ֪ôˡ
һҪǿϢҪʧĻǡ
ڶǸ干׳塣

޿ƥеѹɨһɸ֣ʣĶɡɡɺķˣ
䣬Ҫˣ֣Ϊǲ䵮干
ݼǰ񣩡ǰ˵ģʣĳƺ

ֻһЦûֻΪǿĴڣн죬ԼƴŬνİӣ
˵ֻ꣬ɸֺܾȣʣ壬һ󾪿֡
Ӽ𾪣һ̾ԼδأҪǿϢн𣬸ν֮ۡ忿Լν񣬹ֲʦ˵ʦо仰Ҫ仰Ҿ͹Բˡ
ļǵãʯ˵ʦо仰Ҹ㣬̵干Ҫǳ˶ʤ족Ǿ㹦Բˡ
仰Ӵ˿׶ˡ
Щ𺳵ķ壬˶ʤ뷨ֻжǿڵĳ׹
ⲻ̵ʱǴﵽĲҷĹ
ԼδҪ̵干Ҫһ㡣
Ȼ

ӳ˼𾪵ʱ̣ϸеһʹ
Ҫˣ
Ӷʱˣ˵һֻһƴϣֻжһŽɫĵҩ
£Ӽǵãʦʦʱ˵һҪڻ·ǰ¡
ϱܵķˣƺ
Ȼڷ²ãȻ䣬أ˻渡֡
ۡۡ
ӵ˵ˡ
Ҫǣ˺һģһ
ҪǣӰ岢ûе⣬岻ѵֲɣ

̫Ȼפ㣬һ΢Цŷ
Ҳһ̣ʥףĵһ˵ˣԲʡ
Ϊ˽Ǹ干ʼעӺͷ˵һһˣѺΪԼǳıߡ



738 ͽ
ȴ˵˽𶯡
˵ͽ𾪡
Ӹˣ˵Լͷ
ϯӣʦ֮ǰ̵ӡ
ɣΪΣɶףӶҷҪɸʡ
˵ͺܲƽɸִŴǰʥأϣӵõʥص࣬в֪ʥܴܲӦ
ɸֲ
ʥĸŮǱʦ壬ʦʥĸŮʦɷģӵ

仰ѽɸ𵴵ĵĲȣ˶ˣ˭֪ŮʥĸഫŮﴴ죬Ϊһߴڡ
ɢģҲδüŮʥĸбԴӡǲġ
ʥĸʦֶȻʥĸʦֶ
䣬Ҳ㲻Ĳ䣬ȴӵ仰ˡ
Ȼһˮˡ
ӸȡˣһẔ́Ľ𵤣ʮǰͽ
㣬˷һУֻʮǰʽͽ
ȴϣɸһкչ˷˳
ʮ󣬲ſɹԲ

ʱţʮҴҶ
ȴ˵ˣ˶ҲӴǰµĽ𵤵á
̶ʮ꣬͸ǿʮķΪѾɵĲΡ
˺Ϊ;Ľ
ɸ֣ͺͷ˵ΣиΪͽ˶˽ʦ
Ϊ˷Ҳڴ˵ΣԼճʱǰػġ
Ҹ˻ʥĸŮʥ˵ʦֶ
Ȼ
ˣ˺⣬ʽշΪͽ
Ϊĳ÷侪ϲǣȻ
˰ʦ󣬡ʦ˵ģ
նΪʦȻƭ㡣ӽŵģʯԼΪһʦ
ʼеţΪʦҲοһ干ĵӡ
ΪΣʵ
ļʶȷǿˣСнɸֽˣ˵۽Ȼܿ㡣
˶δо޴Σ˵ʺϣҪ׳塣Ϊʦ㣬֪ģ
һȣʵԼҲǺܿأڽɸֵĽ̵һˡ
кܶĹغܣıһС
ΪǸʦ޵Ϊɹı䣬û뵽ʦԼƺȻŷ䣬Խ̵
ӵѯʣ˼һ֪ĺİ˴ǰذ˳󣬳ΪǿĴڡ
˸̾ʥѾ겻ˣƺڷķչ˵ΪߵĴڣ˼Խǳݹۺľûİݴյڣ塭
һ̾̾ı仯֮ǰǿϢı㡣
Լ˽ֻз䣬ɸֶ˵ֻǷ䣬ĲҲˡ
˵ĺܶԣסر˶еĹؼĴڣֻһ׺͹ͲҪģһı壬ˣ֣ᷢΪٽǰᣬ㲻һ
һ㲻һ˳׿϶ˣԼȷһȲ˵һָָԼǸ򣬶ƽ˲һ
ʦˡ˵
ƣӵ˵ͷĵȻ֮ӣܺý̵һ͸ԼĽ
Ҳ֪˰ĥԼӿƴϻһ͸־ԶҪٵĿҲѣԼĸǽڷ˵ǰһһĥ
뵽ˣһֻ֣һ˵üС
洫һ֮Ҫڼ㽫κĥͿ飬ҪãȥɣвΪʦΪʦΪ峤һգСĿɡ
ӻ˻֣˲ķˡ
̵干һһϦ飬Լʱʯʦ˵ģٻ˻ʣһһ˰꣬Ҫ꣬ʮԪʱ䡣
ɣ

˷Լĵڣһţȴһ
ֻһˣŶȣԼĹӣЦеĿԼ
⣿
ӶʱɵˣôģԼôû֣ǸҪֵʱ򣬺ȻַϤĸо
˿Ʋޱ߷ӣһԶԼѹƺڣƺڡ
һʱӶеĲȣסԼԼĴڣԼˡ
ǰˣ͵Ĭ𣬽ʦѹȹڿ϶ˣǰģԼ߻ħҲۻˡ
Ȼô˳ǵ˿һڹӣЦ



739 ߣ
ӸоԼˡ
ԭԼղŵʧͲţ˵ֶΡ
㵽˭ӻһ鱦Ѿ
飡˧룬ʴˣԴȴһƣһưĵɵˡ
ʦ浱棬˵˭˼Ź˵
һѹϮһֱԴǣ
ӳɵˣʦ˼ңֻʦôУ
ͽӣݼʦ档Ĺص
ţɣ˱ǰô̵ˡţһ޵ķʽԺıе֮㲻ס
̫
ԭ̫˻ʵ󣬾;ǰһҲ̫ģǰ˻Ը
ݣǴǰԶĩʱϺݣʹǰճĽ׼ύֻǺʧˡ
Σ̫ˡ
ʦ棬е̿ˣ벻ľ档
ɵӣ˻ûô򵥣ʥ˶֪ô֪Ǳʦģǲİһɢģһ߰һ¡
⣬ͽ֣̿е㼤ʦ߸ϵĴڣȻԼҿʦķҪǣʦǰԼܻĲȰɡ
ˣǰϺˣס𣿡̫
ͽסˡӸҪ˵ͽһƺˡ
㣬Ӻܽŵĺ̫Ӵһ󣬲Ӧʦĵ

ǰ˵ģʹǰһֻΪ˺𣿡
ӣʼ˵㣬˳ԼĲ⿪ʼѯ̫
Ϊ̫˵ˣֻڴ꣬߶һ㣬˺ͻ뿪뿪ҪԼĦˡ
ֻ᲻ӣԼв⣬̫˳
ֻ̫һʱÿǸ컻صı仯תϵʥ˳ԼĴսٵ˿̵ʱĿʼסÿʱ仯ǳ׵ı仯һЩ仯תΪһʺĵʺ壻ͺñضʶдУشĴ裬ȴûдУһжԼͷ֣ʴÿÿйףй¡
⻰˵꣬һ˼
ǰǲΣںģΪʹǰĵʺ壿һЩдУ֪֮ĹأҲǺһԱΪξͲʺǣ
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Ķأ֮ǰ˵ģο壬Ǵ֣ʶǺһԱΪ֮䡢ʺ壿Ǳ㣬еصȻ˵ͬôʺϣ˵ش䣬ǰĹɽģǷģͲһȻҪһֲǵ֮ˡ
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ǰǴжԼĴкͽӴ壬ͬĬϵĹء
ֹزʺ壿
˵ģΪžͲС
已֮ռ˾ųɣӦǰʱĹأӦֹֻ
˵һЩ飬Ͷһ޶ĴڣеӦ˶һִڡ
岻һ廻һַʽ˶£棬򵥶ȥ
Ծ£Ͷһ޶أҲһ
Ҫƶʺǹصԭ
ټʦģ͵磿֪ԼǵӷˣֲصĿʼΪƶʺϵĹأȻЩӵ׳ȥ

תꡣ
˹ȻӵĽ̵û£ȴû޵֮ӣǲϵĹ۲첿ѡ
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ǣã˷ȻҲµʳԴ
ѹȥѰʦ
ʦǰ֪ˣλǰǰߣ˵Ҫȥ
λϺǰ˰С˴ǰܶ಻ⶼϺǰĻġ
λǰʱ޿̵ңأһй̵Ը÷˴ܴ
룬Ϻǰνġ񡱺󣬷˳ײˣֻ֪һпԼ
ϺԷӰһ㣬ԼλϺǰҲˣ˵Եˡ
Ϊ˻ź˺ܾá

ʦӺɻΪʳﳯϦʱ̴ڡ
˰Ϊ˵ӡ
ЦЦû˵ʷ˶
˵ΪʦѰһЩзǰȱˣԱ˵
з˺ɻ󣬵ǣһЩϺз֮󡭡
˶ʱӹؿͷ˵ʦˣлʦ
˵꼤ˡ
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740 干
Ȼ֮󣬷˿ʼԼ뷨˵ˡ
ǷܸߣǲĻġ
˵ʱÿһֳԣΣա
ˮеϺδ˰ǵɳʳզһ˵뵽ǿ־塣
Һãη˵Ȱ˵巢ֹȻˣˮеϺȷԵʳ
ˣΪʳϺʱ˿ʼˣϺΪ岶ʹ˽
ˣ۲ϡ
ķˣһǰӡ
ʦϺܸ˵ǲѣкܶɥҶϺĲʳޱȣĳΪ˵ʳ
˰ѿѸӺͬ΢΢һЦ
ںܾǰ̫ڵʱ̫Ͷ˵йɣҪϸĹ۲
ڸ߷ϺԳԵʱڿĺˡ
Ҳ˵ŷεһһ֩ǰ
㿴֩Դջ񡣡
Ĵε֣֮ȷʦ˵ģйأǽϵԼĸУƺһЩǰ⣬ӭж⡣
ǿʱ򣬷ˣǰץȫ˵ɣһԲ񼸺
ǿԴ󣬷ˣĵǰȫԽһǲϺǲƺ˺ܶ࣬ҲӲļʡ
ǿڸֿʼʱ֪ܼѡ
Һù򲻸ˣ˵һ
ӵĳ֣˸컻صı仯ǰ²ģ㣬ܽԴ
ʱţʱ䣬ĳ֣仯޴
޵Ŀʼ죬˸ӣ˽£һּķʽˡ
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ȷջˣ˶ļʴļСǣⲢȫĽ⡣
ļڣлϲأٵʱ򣬷䣬ƺֻص˳Ϧ״̬
һһѣ÷˸оԼΪƺûô
һʳʱ򣬲ʹǰһ
Ϊˣƴ峤Ϊ峤ľ飬ģܳ׵Ľ⣬ԶҪ峤λӡ
Ѿߵˡ
һһΰɻѯӡ
Ȼս⣬һסˡ
ӴǰģһֱΪṩһֱȡû뵽ԴϽ
⣬סˡ
ǲƺǰȹ֣߳һա
ͽΪʦҲδа취żΪʦȥУʦͽͬ취ʦ˵йɣǧ;ͬ飬нİ취˵׳ĵΪʦ˵ΪʦʱҪģʦͽ˹ͬŬûнİ취
еʧķˣôһ˵֮󣬶ʱ
ͬʱҲеʦ뵽ԼȴЩһһѴ򵽡
ԼˣǿɴڳϦľ棬ԼȻЩѶʵڲá
˱һ󿪽ȹʹþ
ڼᶨ˵ĺ󣬻ȻʣδͻƵľ磬Ȼ˲ΪﵽԲɵľ硣
ͬʱеԼһ
Խ󣬷뵽ĲԼΪԽ죬ǸоԼθ
һϸδ干ڵ۹ɡ

Ҵ꣡
һβ̴պһʱԲôϺ
ɳ˷ˣѵǳԲˣ̫˷ѡ
ϾĵʱЩԱǸ˱
Ȼ䣡
ʦԲĳʳ˾ͻỵǻţһ취ܲԼһѳԲںٵʱǲǿ԰ѺϺԵһǲǾܱ֤˲
˵ʣʱʦͽ˶һһϲ
ǰԲ˿ղأǰղز˺ܾõԭģ治˶á
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ֻϺһЩ½
뵽ˣ˸оҵ׽İ취ˡ
Ӻͷ쵼ƴӣʼںطʢڵϺ
Ҳʼ½صŲ׽ʼѱ
ǴҴҼǧꡣ
˵ÿΣպͻ棬巢֣еﶼѱ
ǧĻۣѼ졢ţȵҰޣڱѱˡ
Ҳһһķܣ䳹׽˴ǰʳ⡣
ѱҰҰޣڴӷ˿ʼˡ
Ҳˣú󣬷˽ӹ˷峤λãʽĳΪ˲峤
һ㣬ûһԵģ˵ʱ˶֪Ҳף֮ʲôĺϢı俪ʼܡ
˳Ϊ峤󣬿ʼ˴ͨǿ˵һ˵ʲôϣƷλڵء
ǿ˶ʤ
˺䣬һЩλ׵ʧˣֻһʥ̫ʥĸŮʦʯԼӵλҲڡ
ҲĵĹһĳݡ
ЩνţΪǿϢ󡣷˷֣˵ľò˷츲صı仯ƺһܸ򣬳˾˶˶Ը
ı仯ǷϲģһһذӣʥʥĸȣΪǴ壬ӻ壬Ҫݡ
־ţûҪݣ档
˿ʼ˴嵽˵١
ѣҪܳʱĸı䡣
ûۣϳһЩţʱ򣬲ڤ粻ģ߼ȵĳԡ
ӵĽ̵ֻºͣҪʱҲҪ־塣
㣬һЩڤ粻ģҧͨѪֶκʹ˺ºͣϵ
¼ʼ죬һ䣬һ峤ϣ˽ϺѱҰޣ˲ܼġ
¼ĿʼΪܶಿ䣬治µĲ俪ʼͶϣ˴ǣҲ
ǲͬġ
˱Ͼδ干
Գɾ峤λӺ֪ԼĥѲŸոտʼ׳Լ񣬲һʢֹǰ
ˣܺͶͨʱţڶһƬѾ˷쵼ʱ
ĹƺʼΪ˷µĳƺ
˲࣬ǿ׳壬ţһΪ
˭δĹ˭֮ԵĶû³
ʱƣ٣ʽˡ
⣬ڴڼ䣬ĸ׻ϵĽ̵Ҳ廹кܶ⣬׺ͻ䣬ҲѯʹӣӸ˺ķʽ
Īһָоָ⣬嶨׺͹أԼҪ顣
ǴһͳҪģԼǸı䣬ҲǸıһ壬ⲻС
Ͼ˵ǣĸı䣬Ҫɾ干󣬲Уǵòسϵġ
ԣޱȵĿԼɾ干ȻԼı
ΪĿ֪꣬ԼҪŬˣŬԼ˺Ӱˡ
ڴڼ䣬Ĳ̷ʽѱĽ࣬ðʱԡ
һʣͶҲͿ
ټϣѾĳ˺ܶಿĹ˾ڲķʽ棬Ҫ
ΪӺ󣬷˿ʼټ׳ʼǡ
εʧܣĵһɹ
忪ʼ˳˱Ұ޹ɺ󣬷˿ʼˡ
Ůǽ֯·Ļ˵õӵõ
һĹ涨ʼڷͳεڶಿʵС
˽˿ʼ۾飬Ҳ˸ǿ
ֱʮ干˵ţױˡ
ܵĶ͵ģǽǡˡӡѱҰ޵ȴ죬ױȵá
ܵ˷˵ĶͣȻʼԷ˳־
˵棬Է˵ľǴ𾴷Ϊʼģ֪һơ
ԼϵţΪǿϢ
ȴ룬֮ô峼Լ񳼷һ
ᶨ˷˵뷨׵ţ񣬵ǣɺڱţֱӰշ˲֣Ȼһ·ƣĵȫɨ
ȻҲΣһ޲εЩʧܣӳ֣ɱ˴弡
˸ټڶಿ䣬һЩɱ񣬵ʳָҳԵ
ȥ̣ܲЧܺã񶼳ˣ
кܺã󣬶Ŀ־;˲Сһ롣
ǣҲڴһνˡ
ۿԼλҪƷС˹ǿʼˡ
֪а񣬴㳹׳ˣص֮ǰͳεʱ
ɵúܣλа˵ĸ֣вٽؽ̵ˣͨٵӶ̺󣬵ܲǰĺôϰͶǣѹե
ľٶһαǣ˽



741 ֮
һǣ˶ڡ
ʱҲӷ˰˳
ֻǺõĵط˺ܶ࣬Ӹ˵ͬʱҲʧ䣬Լһ룬ֻȵӷ˹Բˡ
еʧ䣬ӽòˡ
ĳ֣ǰһδͳϣ弯ǻۺܴԷ˵һʱ򣬻뵽ټ߲飬ѯӵľˡ
ӹʴˣҲʧ䡣
ε飬ӱ˹
Щаˣ˵޸־ʮ˵һ̫а񣬵Ǵ˿̵ʵǴ򲻹аģʥس֣ǣʥܾãûʥس֡һߵ
ʥؾͲÿˣʥѾǵʹǴ鷳ҪԼ壬ʥǲֵġ˵
˽֪˺ܶࡣ
ʥز֣ΪԼĹ֣ΪԼһͬʱƶȥĹء
ʥس֣ԼҲˡ
߲㲻֪էһһʥز֣ô죿
ųɾŵĸ֣ʥأңΪ޻󣬶ᱻʥؽȥ
ԣûֻ֣ǸֶȥʥأҲǷ˸ǵġ

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ʯһֱڹעԼӵľٶνаָһ㣬ǿĴ컨ѣҲʮޣ򵥵úܡ
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ǰ߲еʧôһˣܴùа
ŵ֣ΪĴ޲εһˣǺĹϵģпаҳݡ
ȻӵĽܣһȣϵĺĴ޵һˣ⣿ƾǿ
ʦ֮ǰһаλĺܡ
Уڶ;ַаӪΪ˻е㵣ǡ

аռǳأа񣬻ڼ顣
ϵаͽԷʹһ㶼Ǽ˾ϵȴڡ
ΪūͣȺеλܸߣ˵Ϊֱǻٵǵĵλ
ԣԥа˳ȻĹƻһЩ֪ˣʼͶа
аУʮλ޸֣ǲ޷˵ģúõţȻ˸棬ҪɵԼֱ̡
ȻҪԼĵǾƲɡ
ССˣȰ㾡Ͷûҵȵıӻڵľ棬ͱˣǱӻǣȴҪֱ֪ô
һ޲εа
ߣӰʥĸܽŷֻʥʥĸԼ˽̽аΪѹե壬˴ǰıóѣаȻ˼ڣҷ
ѽѽаһƣ˵ùˣ仰ͱ˵ŭˡ
Լһ߶սռƣȻҪ򣬾ͳ˷ˣԼġ

ȻֻһӰ֣аӪм䣬Ӱȥ䲻һֳİѹʱаУʮ޸һ
Ѻˣаиʵ
ǿûлشаѯʣǵ֪η˭֪֮˭֪дˣЦǣĸֶҴ⣬С󾹸˲ҲãΪ忼һӣҲǵˣڽˣɣ
סɱߣˣ
аӪһȦ
ʲôˣ
ǵһֿ
ⲻܣ

ˣֻһɨһʩչղŽаѾ
òаĻ̫ʧˡ
Ȼеߣһаܲס˵ҲǼ򵥵Ĵޡ
ɱܵģ̶̲ʱ䣬ĿɿڴУаӪһѵĶûУȫˡ
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аӪȫˣ˼ϸ֣ԴǰаӪУڤ粻ģֱӲûѪнİ
干ôʱ䣬˺һ㡣

ȫ干
֪תˡ
ʼƹѱǳأ̵˲ԡ
ɪȣʽʼĸҥףķʽ
⣬ǳأԱļԪʱ䣬׵İͳ
˵һʱﵽ˶㡣
ڣһֱƻĿ꣬ʵʩˡ

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ĸŮˣʦѣ޾ߵա
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Ұ˶˻飬Լ֮Ůɾ干֮ޣҲĸĹλ
һŮ˹ԲҲɽնȥڶʬߵĲΣҽ󻹻ǿ˰
ŮΪ˺ڴǰ㣬˵ΪˣԼһĸĵλܱ
ǣΨһĵľʦĸͨڣκεɽԪʼʥ˴ڣվǸ޴
ʦӶԵľԸģҲ֪˾ٵĺôߺʦô죿Ů
赣ΪʦʦѡһǼɽӻΪʦڶѡʦȥϺǵĵʦİȫݡ
ĸ˵󣬾Ůôʦľأ
ĸ΢΢һЦɽ˹Ȼ뿪еӻʦ˺úܶ࣬ԪʼʥµӲʥ˹ڷ
˵ܣĸΪԪʼʥ˵Ŀ⣬Ԫʼµ޶ַأؼԪʼµĺ԰
ĸã򲻵ãʮֵܣԪʼ۲УԪʼһ²£һѵһٵģ˺ǡ
Ԫʼûãֻ뿪򾯸ԪʼԼӻ
ĸ뿪ԼĵأϣܾԪʼһ
ӾͿɰˡŮ
㡭
Ů̫һڤ
ڵõͬ󣬾Ůת塣


742 ˻顢
ȴ˵ˡ
ʽɾ干󣬾һʱƶ׺ͻĹ涨
ͨ顢Сн̵޽ϣӲıɼͥ
һܴ干Ȼܵ˾޴
Ϊķˣһҵӡ
ӵĴ𰸺ܼ򵥣ǰп飬ǴµϵĿʼҪϵˡ
ȷ干ҪʣҪɻˣſ忴Ŀꡣ
ңҪƺƴ岻ò
Щ֮󣬷˾ʦ˵ĺܶԣʼѰԼӡ
ν춨ָ̫£ŮתŮ˷ˡ
˲䱻ŮòǻۣԼԸ
ңĽӴ󣬷˷֣ŮвԼǻۣԷ˵һЩ֧ͬ֡
˴Ůһӵ֪˾ŮתѸٴʯ
ӷ򣬲Ļغ顣
һͼˣҪŮʥĸ֣Ӱһ䶯ĻѺһеӭж⡣
ʦ˵ģ˾ȵʵŮܾͬȡ
תķ˺Ůûǰļ䣬ǽ׼ʥǰļ䡣
ԣӵĻܾȡ
辪ȣ˴ǰʵۿ֤飬干֤飬˻顣
ֵ֤飬ҪŮʥĸ֣һʥĸ֤飬嶨׺ͻҪԣΪʦ˵˰ɣ
˺Ůһ㶡
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Ҳˣ˵˿ɴ壬Ϊʦȥʦʯʦǰȥ活죬ŮʦΪ֤顣
˵꣬˺ŮϲʹҴҵȥˡ
ɲӲ˷ܣΪõҲǷԲĹ¡
û뵽֤˻飬ҲǴ󹦵°
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Ӷе棬ǺдԵ
Ҵҵߺ󣬷˺ŮҴ⣬ټ߲㣬ҴѶ壬˵Ҫл
Դˣ߲޳ɵеǵģϾַ֧˶׻һһ롣
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⻰˵꣬ĸ߲е𺳡
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ûʥĸǰ֤飬ԴǰҶµĹ涨ǶԵġ˵
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ǳɽһʾľַ֧ˣ֧干
˶û뵽üʥصʥ֮˶Է˹мӣƹҴﹲĹס
޴Ϣ֮һе赲ֽϻ
һʱ䲻˵˵ǴǰΥĸǳأʼѷ˶µĹصʥ䡣
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壬ԼĹȻǺܵ򵥣ǹ򣬵չʾ忪ʼķչ
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ҪʲôͶͣŮֱӴӦǰȥԼĸ֤飬в֪Լʥĸá
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ǰС۽磬Ҳһδο
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죡
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Ů洿Լһ壬Ҳ㡣
˺Ů洿Źصķˣһ뵽ԵԼչмӡ
ֱʦ컯ʦ󣬲˸ı
˿̣ȴʶϣ羡칦Բ˺ϡ
ˣ干д󹦵塭Ůдǻ۴󹦵¡
ʥĸ֤

ֻɳ֮ϣԵ߳˵С
ݣһ컯֮
ݸ֮ƴĸСѭס
ݱ˴ˣ޶԰ݣ˺ྴء
ɣ

ɣֻ콵£𵴣׾ʹ˶£ǲĥӡпʼԴϾ
ؼ֮֮ȿʼֲۣ˺󷲼ĹҲΪ󷲼
콵£ɱ˺Ůƽ֣˲侳Ϊȫ˴۷ĲΡ
һָĤֻܵԲĲΡ
ɱԵߺŮƽ֡
һɣӵõ
ӵΪ˲Ůһ㣬ﵽ˴ԲĲΡ

һ֤˻󣬶˵Ǻ䶯ġ
̶̲ʮʱ䣬峹׵ĽӦ˷˶µ׺ͼȢ
˺Ůһ˰Ů˵ȵȡ
ǣ
ʱݣԽԽеĪָָ
ƺһܹԲǳٳһ
ɽзޱȵĿա
⣬ָǿңԼԲˣǣԼǹԲǽô죿
˿ʼΪԼԲµĹˡ
ڣɻһǰӡ
˼ԲӺɾ׼ʥǷԲʱ̣ҲǾһʱ̡
֪ʱҲԼԲʱ̡
Ϊ˷˵ĹԲȷ˶żһһ
ʦ˵ȴǰöˣкܶţ壬Ϊͣ޷ݼףʧʦнң˶ʵ
סˣһԼᣬҲóǰǿΪ岻С
ҹ۲ôã֪ĺܶǲʺģҪԼݼ׵ķ
ⲻڴ֮Լ
޷ֻöԷ˵ΪʦҪ취˵㹦Բĵ·ֻҪѾԲ
Ϊˣӻɽ̣Ҳ˵ģʼ취ʦ˵ĶԣԼĻԵ

ɽԪʼʼˡ
ˣѹĸԵľ档
Ԫʼеơ
ͬʱȵķ֣ƺҪ飬ǰԼľȻһֻ׼ʥԲĲΡ
ԪʼΪ˿˺ܾãʲôסˣȻֻ˷
ң̫Լ˰ɣȻɷǰԼ
Ҳ̫ѹǿԪʼ̫ľ档
ǣɺͺȴǿʼȷ



743 ȳɽ
ɽ
ӻˣڵӷ˽ҪԲż
ãʼ벻԰塣
ݣӷ԰岶ʼѾΪˣ˻ףӦѹԲǰ÷˵ѯʣΪѡ
֮ǵĹ
ӰԼΪ˵ʯʯΪѣյ˵ģ֮Ǻ֮
Ϊ£ܽǿΪݣôֻܽݣһµ֮
ԣֱԼУԼſɡ
ΪʦѾ֪ˡʯӵ
ڴĿ⣬ʯ˵ģⲻ򵥣и֮ſɣעҵ֮вͨģֻܸ˸
ֵʱڣʷ˾֮󷨴ңŶ˿õʦָ㣬˶ݺ󷨸óǶݺͼɽݶҪ˹Բһˣ򷽿ɡ
еȻĸо
ʦ÷˸򣿡ʵ
ʯҪ鷳ʦ棬ȥ̫Ѱʦɡ
ʯΪҲֻʦܽϾǣ壬ģֻʦ̫ס
ǣ
ӻڴϺ
Ӵģľ̫ʧܾãǰû˷ڷҲڡ
һЩͲãľȴ֪
ʦֶʦѾ˵ʦֶżʦ˵ĵĻȴͿɣʦѾźˡľӵ
һԭˣͰź
ڴӻص塣
˼ʦһѯʺӲŵԵδԵȻס
ȴǷ˵ǣʦŵǿ󣬼Ȼʦ˵ǾͱʾԼԵδ
յȴ˼ģ˺Ĺ
Լ뿪ҪµĹԼӦöˡ

ׯۡ
Ԫһݣ干˾ҪԲڶλ干
ڶλǰоʱԼ̵
ˡ
ȡ
ͽڶλһλ˼ԲǰѰһλԸ
Ԫ˵һϲ
һ˲ϵѾΪ֮
ǰøʦ֣ǣˣȡµΪӺĽ
֮ǰԪͺ˵˴¡
Ҳһֱ׼û뵽ֵˡ
θ壬ӵΪ˺ĸоķ
޷Ǹ干һЩͿɡ
ȻҲҪԼ˽ſɣ˽һĪչ
ʦӴȥнʵ
ţԪƺ⡣干һҲдˣ幩̣ΪҵҲҪǰʦ־ĺܺãҪģǸ干ʱҲΪʦʥλͽУҡ
һˡ
Ϊθ干ûкô˭š
Լܵõ£Ϊ̵õҲҪһ
Ͼʱ鼰壬úܶʥޱĽġ
Ҫ̫ԵʣӸڼô˳ˣʥͰƻˡ
û˺ƻһʥ˶ô壬Ҫ̽·¡
֪ô干ڽɼ
Ϊۺˣʥ˲ֲŽй֡
ףӶʦڴȶԪӵ
˺뿪ׯۣʼһ·ߣһ·̽壬˽塣
徭쵼ʢ£Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ѱҰޡϺΪ˿ڳ˺ܴ
ȷֵ֣֮ӣϴǰû֮Сûչˣʱزļʺܴ
׶£Ҽ֣ͥ˿һӣǷ˺ܶ෭
͵£ѱͲԵĸĽȻµʳȱ
˵̫С˺ü壬ʹøֵı٣˸ࡣ
̫࣬ںΪһССļͶҧܴ
̫֮Ը˵޹ؽҪʳͶ棬ȴĴڡ
һ·ε֪ԼҪ֮ݵĸоЩԼ干ء
彪ˮ
˵ȸоԼǣĪڴˣڶλ֮ء
ָоǿңȴ㣬ڴŵȴ


744 ̫
ȴ˵ˣõӵı֤󣬰ѹԲڴʱŵһߡ
ĴѰԼļ̳ˣһǰĹ
ǺѣҵģѰ޹ķˡ
żһӱߡ
Ȼ䣬ֻ濪ʼ졣
Ϊ干Ȼߺ֣ܶһ󾯱ʱȴֹˡ
˺ȻһָоԼĻԵˡ
ޣ
һ㶣ֻһֻ޴ޡ
޺ܺ˵񻰴˵вܼġ
ȴǱϱ鱦ˡ
ס֣һȣֹĸ֡
޵ߣܵһ󣬷˲ŵĴԵ޻ͶĪҪ񡣡
ŷ˵Ļĸ߲ڷ˵ǡ
һ֣Ȼϣֻޱļ֮ɵϡ
ƺԲˮףʧˡ
߲𺳣Ȼģ޻֮
˿ԼϵȻϤĸоһͼһ顣
ͼ顢ס˸鱦֡
ͼ飬ԭ켣еۿ䣬жߣһֱڵۿС
֮ǰ̫ʹۿ鱦һֱŷ˽֤
ڹףȴһʷ˺ϸӦ֮
õ鱦ķˣϲ
ԼΪûԲԭԭҪĥԼ֮
׵ͨǴ߲ͨеͣȲ˵ҪΪиΪ޴ҲС
壬ΪҪֻͨܿԼĥ
ⲻڿ
õͼ͹׺󣬷˿ʼ˱չأ崴׵֮Ȳ˵ܹԲҲҪ
ûдͨ´裬ʧء
׵ͨǼ򵥵ģ·˼ӳ֣һޱȡ
ʴˣƲ£ʼо
ʱš
Ź˵ıչأֳ˺ܶ鷳˿ѹ
˿²Ѿ
˴ǰѵʱ

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ˮһղ䣬һŮΪ榡
ղ䲻Զһɽղȡɽ
ɽƣϿԨԨˮ֪ݴڴС
ϣɾͼڡ
ͼں󣬶õǿ˵ļӳ֣ʴӿء
ػ֮ĸϣ⻪ɽеһ˻ʵĻԵ
߲㲼á
ˡ
ڶ˻ʽӦɽϣũ
ĻԵҲ˶³ɾͼڵǣ
գɽȻǽξ߲ѵȴֻ󹦵Բ
ˣԪʱȴϺȻһҽһǿĨɱֶ֮ʱ
Ԫһ榸С
ֻоһʹȻʧȥʶڤڤһʵı
ƺû˷ֻ֣׼΢΢һЦ
壬ߣҵʥ˻徹񡣺ǺǣѾ£ôճ
ԭȥȴƣ׼ˣ꣬δ干˾޴
ʥڿʼˣʼΪ˿ʼ֡
˵棬ϸ˼ֺġ
ǰԪʼ˾Ȼ׼˵ед仯
˵̫ܾûѶϢһֱԷ֣б仯
׼ͽΪıǷ˲˼һĻķô˴ǰйϺˡ
ˣ׼ͽһֻţϸ˼ֺ뵽ѵԼֵܸճʱͱˣ
ǴЩƻ󣬺˱ħͷȰЩ;
ôһ룬е֣̿ԼֵܵͿʼԼˡ
ֲԼ˴綫˵ǰĸӦòֹڴ˵ģΪǲ綫ʥˣǱԪӲԶˡ
һֺ̿󣬿ʼԼԭһֱѹֲһЩƻвͨһЩ裬ԭ
ĵ̫ǰ
Ȼ϶ԭ򣬻ǣһ޴ı
Ƿ˺ܶεħ˳ʥܵͷųħˡ
˾ǲȥǲͷħħ̹ѹʱܲпĥġ
ԼСһûΪԼҪĴˣеӣֱ塣
ճʥǰԼܿųʥ󣬻ԪԲħʥ˵Ķ֡
׼ˣҲôˡ
ǽ׼Ƿ¾޴Եʣž쳥
˴ǰʥʱвСԣ˾ãȻôŪԣȥǰ˵С磬ȥС粼һ¡
ǣħͰϢ߼̫ĳŵˡ
ˣͶħûηˣ֨֨صľǲ˵֮󣬿ʼ׵ıˡ
ĹϵԽԽá
ǵ£ħܵۡ
ΪǷƾ޴ǻħ취Ӳŷɣ׵úͺˡ
Ǵǰ׼ͽܲʺƱƵ¼
ڣַַųħܴۣ˵Ƿľ޴Ȼ׼һϼƣʹǰһȥħ񣬲Ϊá
֣Լǰ̵׼ͽֶΣȫѧˣõԼϡ
ԡ
׼Ϻ̫оԼ˴ӵͱ̫ƺȥ
ħһֱĻˣȻѾᣬǾһɡ
ˣħͼӴףһһٵ˵Լǰİţ˾Ԫ˾ǲԪӣеȷ˳ƣǲ̫ħʾ˵Ȱ˵˵ˣ˵̫ǰλǣӦˡ
ֵһȦ˺͵һ룬һ·֣ϺѹƷ屻ϣ״ѹԪӳΪвԼʥˣǰʱ䱻ԪӺŮ衭
֣һһ׼ȷˡ׵ĸоԼ˵ȷǱǱ±ӦԪǰĳɾͣȴģ
֣ܽᷢԭǵԼ
Լϸ˼ֺΪŮ洺Ԫӳɾôʥ˶ϲϡ
˵ƽ⣬߸ʥӦҲƽģΪԼȱȲԪӺŮ洣
ⶼ̫ưǶԸԼ˵һС
ң˳󣬶˵л̫û̫İǳһ룬òҲ̫ơ
Ѿߵ˼˵ˣᶨΪҲ̫ƺԼ˵ֶΣųġ
Ҫᱻѹ
ٶȣĪľ׼ʥڣⲻʵֵġ
˵УҲ̫ѹԼ˶µ˻ʣɾ͵塭
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סʥ˵
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ͨˣ̫϶ơ
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󣬶ʱһ󾪿֡
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Ҳϸ˼֣ΪԼô̹ԪȴȲԪӺŮ洣
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ȡˣԳɾԪӺŮ洣Լֵȴġ
ӵȡ
Ԫʼǰ«ʱѹ֮ǰ컯Ԫ˺ûķݡ
ͨĵӣҲôǱ˴ɱ
ѣûԪʼͱ죬ڤǾȻֻейٵʥ˰ʦһ㲻Ϊλòڣиһֱǰ
壺
ǰиͨ죬ӺԪʼɻˡ
뵽ԼȣԪʼ뵽Լͱ죬ϲǰ棡
һ룬ʥˣʵĸͨ컹ֻɣʼʼ˲֡
׼ǵһ
ìܣ㵽ΪƣѾ¡
Ȼ
׼榺
ܿ챻һֱػȷ֣ȲҴѸٵĴʦԪӡ
Ҳŭĸǳȫģôи
͸ϵԪһݣʲôû֣ڣʥ˵ֶΡ
˭֪򵥣ʥѾ֡
Ҳ֪¡ԪӺѹ֣ˣ˾޴嶼ԩǱƵġ
ȷˣҲע£δϣʥٴìܣ»Ǻ鷳֡Ϊѵ
û취˱ʥʦԪε
֮˭Ҳƣڶλũĺ󱲣Ӷо޴ͻ
ֻˣ干Ҫ߰ɣˣ֪˭Ƶģ嶨ưոݡ
дǻۣ֪ڲ鷳ʱҲңڶ˻ʣ鷳Ҳҳ谭ĺ
ֻʱưոݣ̡
޿κΣԪӺ뿪ˣȰռƻػҪ֮ӣڶ

뽪ղ˵ʲô֪Լ⻳Уһ
صȺкȺҲһ󾪻š
Һ÷˵Ϊղ伴ڴϣ²ģ榻干
ҪǲǣǾ鷳ˣְ



745 Ҫأ
֣׼ûƭǣˡɽԪʼѵõݷӡ
׼ͽ˵ģе㻳ɡ
֣Ҫ𣿡ԪʼȻʵ
ܺ⣿ƺµˣǲ˵ֻʡ
ǺǡԪʼе㲻мһЦӵΪе㿴
֣ҪҪʥˣǹǿܣҪһ£ʥ˵ʲô˼Ԫʼ䲻мΪϻ˵˳
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֣ʧֺηҵȲʲôҲԵ𷴿һĺúõģΪǣǣ˳Ԫʼ˵
ǶܾǵĿʲôеĶˣҪĿģĿо޴ķգ
֣뵣ģ䱻ƹΣò˵Ҳ͹ΣǵĿĲֻ࣬ܵõأܵõϡʥˣӦԼȨʲôе𲼾֣һûҪءԪʼص
˿
ͺãֻΪе̫Ҫ󣬶ҪôУǳ׵ķ̫
̫ӻ治ҡ
뵽ˣ뵽ܺͽ׼ûäĿֻҪغ͵λǱĿġ
˵ͨĵԼ˹ΪʥˣȷҪأ㲻ܰҲӣȥ㲻Ը⣬㻹Ը⣬õˣ㻹Ը⣬ôôأ
ڱ̫ǿ壬Ǵǰͺº󣬶ˡ
̫ԷʱȻִǰĿ־ûˣӦǿʼݡ
˼ǰãǾ̽һ£ϣʧܣҲ״ѹǣҪǳ˴©ԺĻ޴Ӧ
ţҺ׼ƺõġԪʼ
˵ֵ˴֣ĸ˵ͨƺѾŵõɢһֱӦ˵Ҫǡ
⻰˵꣬һɻ뵽ǰͨ챻͵佱˵ˣӻɣѵҪֻǣþùȥˣûдûӡ
Ԫʼ˵ֻˣɴǰ͵޵ͨ죬׶ʲô


֣ԪʼմϢҲӦˣҪ̽һ¡׼˷ܵ
һϲܣΪܸоðհ
׼һЦ֣ðҲҪԣӦ֪ǱҪǲܳΪĿܣⲻҪġ
ǰһ̾ⲻҪģµΣգΪ˲ɿܣðһ¡
׼ҲΣкúõƱϣɺǡ
ͳɿܣԱȣһ̫Ҳûôˡ
ļҲҪԡ
ֻҪԭʼԼϣŵڣǿĲ壬˳㲻壬̡˽̷̡չô˳Լìܣռˡ׼˷ܵ
׼ƣɲǺԪʼ˵ķ̫ѹȡ
ǻ̡˽̡̡塢ìܣֻñɱǲܰзչ
ʦܣһ壬Ͳˣʡ
ʣʷʯ¸ػũԪ¸˻ԯ¸
෡Ң˴ĸ֮ˣнҩʦ׼ոҢͨ¶౦˴Ԫʼ¹Ӹ

׼˽ɻ˵ʦ֣ĪҪˣǰ¸Ǻˡء̸ģ룬Ҫˡغ᲻Ϊ˹Ķ干˴ǰĹ
һˡ
Ϊδֻ׬˵ĶܣΪʹĴӦӡԪʼͨˣ˵Լ̸ʱ򣬲⴫̡
ΪˣʦǱ֤⴫̣Ϊʱʧȥˡǣȴ̡ˡء˳ޡӵǸ干Ϊ˴ӶԪŵӾͺԪгˡͨ¸ʱΪ˻Ķ干ӵĹԪʼҲˣĶ干ͨĹǵĳޣƶ֡
ҾƵģһʱʧǣȴ顢ˡĽ³ޡĽᣬǾ£Ψһһ˭ĺô࣬ǾͰ˭׼Ц
׼Ĵơ
ǣһȱݣ뵽ˣʦܣһ˵˭˭ĺôԽԪʼռ˴˰Ϊġ
ʦֶˣʦ뵽Ԫʼ߰ĺܣȥռ˱ˣռ˵ͬʱԪӡӡͨ޵ˡӺԪʼϲܱܲѪĲɢԪʼӵϣתͨϣԿԪʼռıˣΪʥ˹ͬĵˣһԪʼù׼ƻЦ
ƣͨˡ
ӺԪʼϣȻͨ˾޴ĸңܱ֤Ӻͨϵʱ򻹻ⲻˡ
һʣĸʥ˾ûһĵˡ
̾ʦȻƣĴܲó
˭еǳǣΪԱò׼
һܽᣬ˵˵ȥԭǼΪ̫һֱǣΪԱ׳󣬲òʥˡ
ðɣ̫Ļ֣Ϊ˷̫ġѹȡӺԪʼϣ׼ͽơ
ǰܲҲ밡ǵǳ˶⣬òòҲ
ʣʦܣŮأԪӣ»Ǽޱȵġ
ֵңʦûҪǵûԤƵĳ⣿ҪǵԪӡŮϣҲû취ֿοľҲʥˡ
ʦ֣ˣǾͲǺ͵ƴҪĲ࣬˼ұǾУǵغȨУҪ󣬵𲻻ǳ׵ķĿġ
˺׼Ȼһοںڣ𲻸ȫԸģȫԤźʧذɣı֤ǲܳģ˺ĻΣޱȡ
˵ͷ
ȷ̫ǿֻΪҪغȨǷ
ǺģǾãںģ̫ȫʩչҪȫʩչźľ޴ʧɡ
ʦ֣𲻻ƻģıϡ׼ص
˵ͷȷ̫Ʋ̫⣬Ȼҳ׵ķ
Ҵģ̡
Ҫ̫֣Ǿƴźľ޴ʧҲᷴ
ƣͰʦ˵ġ

˳ǣ˳¶Ķǣ干˵һĳǳء
ҲĿǰֻ۵ĵط
Եõͼ͹ף˾һֱչأҺ÷ƶĹܺõתû˵ıչأҡ
˱չ֮أ˾ʱ򣬴˴ٰ汾֮
Ǭ㡢롢ޡңֱ졢ءס硢ˮɽ
κر仯֮˸Ը᱾ԣ飬ڰ֮Уνԡ̽Ϥ¡
Ϊֺɣ޵ԡι֮ЭȻĽˮѧɣͨ׳ﵽĺгغĽϡ
֮ݻӡ֤֮ף
֮
һӵĵ˿̵УҲ˷ЩĽܽᡣ
ǷΪ֮ϸ˰ԳˣˣѴ
ֻ˵ʱҲҲϸóϸ˹Բ
ֻ·ߣ볹׵Բһ롣
ˣŷ˵ĸ岻ɼĿʼ޴ı仯˵һٵĽ



746 ɽ֮ģض
ղ䡣
һһ˰ʱɽӦ˶
ֻǳѽղһ
úõģڳֻ콵𣬵ӿ䶼еһϴӡ
ղᶨΪ干Ԥס
κΣȽղ˿ڴĹ󣬺Ǿ֡
û̫ǰĽ𵤣ɽϽ¹ǣۡβ˵ģֱһ֡
ɽ϶е֡
׼ƣɽʧȥӦеıӻоϡ
ǵ֪걾Ϊ干ԼĲ佫Ҫ𣬲Ǹ֡
ɽճо޴Σ٣ĸ榸Ϊ˱ɽϣ˲ƣٰгϺ峤
Ҷɽ䲻壬˺˵ͻߣһĻƹˣֿʼԥˡ
þû꣬ɽ˱仯¹ۿʼʧʼĻָģĸȴǲ֮ȥˡ
Թ˶ףǼͥϣ榹¶ĸ˵Įڳܲסˡ
榵ĹȥɽϴܴССͯͣ߱ͬûе뷨
ĸװ̵ٰ˵һдΪĪҪ޲ˡ
ɽѭĸ׵Ľ̵ĸչԭȺʳѷ¶ĸûʳĸվҴ档
ҲˣɽϴС־ҪΪʳ岻ĸԼˡ
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ϺˣȴΪ̫ͣвʥ˵ΪָϺݣǾͻˡ
̫ΪһУû룬ղŵһɲˡ


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һΣƾеһʥĸһ˽̽һļʡ


749 ı
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һ£һ£˶е˼ѣһݲ
ǡˡľȻоһŴԼϮ
ģǵõģΪγ˰˸ʥ˵Ķ
ܲԣƺԼ֪ǣ
ٽ˵ı֣ľһ㱣ˣ
ԪӺŮҲɵԪӣҲʼɻԼֻ鱦ǰֵģôľ棬ƺԼһа
ŮҲĸо
׼Ļˡ
֪䣬Ѿϣ䲻֪Եɣͱʾ鷳
ʦ֣ʦأԪӴʵ
ʦʦãʦȥͻˣҪܳʱ䣬ΪҲ֪Կ϶ʦʱԹ˴ϣǵĿĲҲ֪޷˺͹£ǰʦڣǺܶƻʩչʦڣûη塣ľ
̫ãľ˽̫Ϊ
׼ǻ̫ѹ
ľ֪ʦһΪ˺ĺãΪΪ˺ĵ׳
ʦ˵ʥǺķŴ˽ûҲУһûиһź׳˽Ҳ仯ƽ֮µת
ľʹΪ˽̫ĻشǣھǺдڵĻҲǴڶٽĵĽ
ûǴڣĽѿ顣
ľʱˣʥ˾Ǻ·ʯĥѣһ޵֮˵ħʥǺħ
ҲˣΪʥеΪǾǿĥѣҲٵԴ
Ǵںıþʣһɲ䡣
Ҳһ򵽣Ϊʥܣ˼ۺϣʥһԷչָǡ
Σεı仯
ε˲εʥˣȴܷһδúĳֲԤ֪ı仯
ˣľҲʦʲôڣ
ǡ֮ġػڣ
ܰĿͺศɣ׳׳Լ
ʦġ⡱
Һͺศɣƻǹͬͬõô
ʥϣľ뵽ˣǱѹƺ󣬿ʼըˣҪ֮ѹǵġػҲ̫
ǹûбֻͨй©̫ܶ࣬ػһǻۡ뷨Լû©ѹ
ȻǸľԼʥˡʦ𡢺ġȣĴڡ
ܸ٣ܸٷ˿ʥϣһĿȻˡ

Թ
ľŮ洺Ԫ˵̫ʱԻ˵ˡ
ǺãѾϣϣʦԵֿԪӵ
ԪӺܽȴҲԼֿܵģͨɽǸѹأʥƣⲻ˵ġ
ҺãʥҪ󣬻ֻҪɽͺãһƴʵ
ʹ컯ʦʦͻƲܴţҵȵֲֻ컯ʦǰľ뵽
ƣԪ˵ͷ
ŮһΣǣλʦ֣ʦû̿֡
޷ľ˰ֵû鱦Ҳ˫ĶֻǴɳһӶѣʦǶǡ
ǰʦǣͿʼϣû¼ҲᷢġԪҲο

ܿ죬һа˻УѾ
ʥ˲ںĴսû̫ǰ£Ƕһ
粻ǽһ̽
ˣһˣһˣж
һ̽һǵʦڣеҡ
λǴ˿ȥǵûִԲϣ˵ġĵ˵
ߣӣȺ˾˴ǰ˺ʲôҪҪܵĴۡߣԪ˵
ĲᣬȻҲһܣȻ֪ʲô
ϱҪԿֻ̫õغɣΣ˾û·
̫Ҫܾ޴ĳͷ
ͷ֪ʲôԼȲڼģǳͷҲֿܵȥġ
޷ǽеѡ
Կʤ˺˵ӻԽԽùҪǶԿʧܣԻڹĸҡ
Һãܹ鲻
ȻһѰɡ
ߣѣʥеʥ˲ʥӦиеȨֻõӦõĶѡԪʼ
⻰˵꣬ӵȺͬĵͷͨȴеɫѿղžͷ˲ԣСıϴȥȥˮⲻԼҪġ
ӦеȨҿͲɣľʥ˽Ԫʼ˵ҪȨغЦˡ
˵˹ûʣǾԼǿ֮¸еܣ̰ĵõࣿľӵЦΪ˽̫أʦŻᴦǣǵ뷨Ľ׹Ԩ֪ܵ˵ӦõģǶǺҪ
⻰˵꣬ڽ˶̰ŭˡ
ľֵȻп޼ʥ˽Ҫ֣ȴǣеίеԼôΰ󣬾ȻɾͲ޼ʥˣҲܿ־壬޼ʥ˵ǰƴѹΣҲƿغģºо޴ʧҲҪֹ޼ʥ˳ǲǣ
ֵǵ뷨ʥ֪ʦΪβΪ˽̫أ˺ģʥҪⲻԿ϶ĸǣעᱻ̭עɲ˴򡣡
Ļڻ磬ԴĺԶ
ڳʥˣԪӺŮ洣͵ķ֣ľ˵ĺܶԣȥϰˡ
˲ǳԼǶ
ԼĴڲΰ󣬶˵ƽڵġ
ԼԼ˲ȱ٣
ǳˣ޾Ľúȥ
ǰ׼Ȼ̾Ϣ˾òᡣ
ǡ׼ȻһЦΣΣ𣿲ģΪԲŷΪǵĵǱĻֻˣҷ˽ȫƶԣΪʥˣ
ʥ˲˽ֹ׼˵һ仰
Ѿһʥ˾˽Ļ˽ʥ˾Ͳʥ˲˽ֹ
ľļƿԣȷ²ϣ³ϰ
Ҳͱʲô˽ȥָˡ
ããã׼ᣬǰһֱ㣬ڱʥã޳ܣ޳ܱҪСľЦˡ
Լղе;ĸоҪ˼˵˭˭
尡˵˱ˣûվǿΪʤΪ
ΪԼĵѡ
ֲʦʥԼһЩðģܻȵķŹԭʦף˵׾ΪĵûνĶԴ
Ӯ˾ǶԵģ˾ǴʦһֱӮԴֻԺкôкôһûôֱӴɱ
Ȼˣ׼ĸС
䡪ľȫʱ׼ˣ֪֪֮ʣĸԼûգֻ׼ѹһ
ʣµĸͿԼʦʦõˡ


750 컯˵ľ
ľ½ʱɾ̫ʥ˵ʱ̫ͰһֱòԪˮľ
ľƵľ֣̫ǰľ
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ľľҲľĳɵһ˵ľ޾µľ
˵ľ͹棬ޱȵǿ
һǺʥˣһ̫ʥˣʱ˵ĴսֽȻͬʽ
׼ĿȥǺ嫣ǿƳľеĸоνֺ˷ֲ¡
ľͨǿֲ£׼εķԼ·硣
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ĸ־սϽʥмǿļ
Ů洺ԪǿǣȷʵкܴĲࡣ
Ů컯֮ǺǿԪӣΪǷ֮Եʣ̫ǿ
ԵŮ洺ԪӲκεʥˣһԶ˾Ϊˡ
ͨԪӣӷ޵УͨĽ˫˵ϼй󣬾ռϷ硣
һԪʼͽһԪʼ̹ᦹ˫й½˫һһһľ档
ҺŮ洺򾭹֤˻飬ΪѾһļƷ鱦
ˣһϵĶ֡
ʥ߳ɵĳɾͺʵĴ裬ɲԼͨ;顣
ⲻͬڻԪ޽ɣԪӺŮǿʥˣһǿֻܶ࣬˵ǿһ
ʥ˵ϣǾͲһˡ
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ֻ޴죬۳֮ɢģϾΪޣʽԼʥ˺ΰ£۵ķ򹥻
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ӵйʥˣǲһǿĹ£ҺԼǿˣǱȹԼ治ͨĶ֡
ȻӺͨ£ǵԼǲͨġ
ͨ첻ûж̴̴ûǿķֶΡϺĻˣ̫ͼ籦һһķֶΡ
˵ĽϣԪӷڣֻƣмܡ
ܲãٿʦŮ洣һˣԪʼֳ̹ᦴ󿪴ϣ½Լһľ档
ˡ
һͨһκʥȫԸĽ֣ǹϵĵһʥԪӡ
дֵķʹ찡ҲԼĲ㣬ԵûоǿԼԪӵĶ֣Ԫʥ˵һ˾Ե𡭡
ʥǣֵڣڿ϶һ£̫ıסˡ
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˵ԽԽãԽԽ̫࣬ǵĳҲࡣ
ҿɲǵҪغȨǰľ˵ĺܶԣ޼ʥ˵ջ
Ѿע޼ʥкҲκҪıĵط
ֻڤǺ£һ㲻ð졣
ҪǺͺƴĹֻس»ܾ޴ʥ˲մɵǵùҲá
ңкʦأô꣬Ҳ֪ʦڵˡ
ֻҪ֣ʦûгֵȨģʦҲǱƵġ
Ψ̫ƵˣʥΨһܵĵط
׼ͽˣһӣûУʥ˽Ҳᷴһµġ
Գʥںʵġ
ǴǰذڳưԺҲһƵģοʥˡ
ֻ˵׼ϣ̫ʧĺȻ˲ˣɱ⡣
˵Դ˵ָǺĽݱ䣬֮ٽƽ˺ܾõĺҪˡ
̫չصĵϣĵϣɺϵĺܡ
˵˴ľں׼ύһ֮Ѿ컯ˡ
컯ܲԸò
֮һֱأȿսΣ컯˴˿̵ľ档
ֵӺͨҪѹԪӣֵĽԪʼҲҪǿŮ洣Ҳľѹ׼ᣬ׼ܲסľ
һĻ컯Ϊѡ
ǻԪ޽ɶ壬̫̫Ԫ޶壬ǿԺɨ
컯컯ֻǷǿѡ
ʥǺܽƻںĲԶ֣ǲȥҪȥһľ룬ĶǵļӳֻСġ
ôںĲʵ
Ѱˣ
컯޿κκ󡭡
ƶҲûкð취λǣҲԶǵҰġ컯Σֻô̫
磬̫컯һͺеŭ
û뵽Լ뿪ᷢľ棬ʥˣϡ档
޼ʥ˵ջ󣬰Ūżˡ
ǰԼڣǻסǶͥ־ڱصá
Ѱãͥһ񣬼ԼʧǷֺǿʼˡ
Լ֪صµģǲҪҪԼô졣
ĿǰԼʹֻ֮ںһ룬óȻ뿪ǲԣϾⲻǶˮɵˮĥ
ֻҪںϣʱ޿̶ںϡ
Ȼ̫ǰںһֵ֮ģһѾںϣ˺ܴԡ
̫ĲΪ
ں˾ųɣҲǻԪ޶ѣֻҪûںϣͲĻԪ޼
ֻҪǻԪ޼Լûг׳ͷʥ˵ľֶΡ
̫Ͳɵʥ˸ҷѵ֪ǵĵ
޷ںģʥ˶ԼҴ֡
Ȼʥ˲֪Լһ֮ͨǲɫܳͷʥ˵ֶΡ
ֶǻԪ޼ֶΣ˿̫ʩչ
ˣڻȥҲʥ˵У̫ܺʥںĴ֣⻹𺦺ĵء
𺦺ܳ׵Ľʥ˿־塣̫Ը⣬ֵ
Ϊ˽ʥܵͷǣʧ̫ģڳ׷ΪĹؼϣҲĹؼϡ
ҪǴˣ˭ֶ֪ʧ

̫ܳĬ
컯ֵҪҪü͵˰æ
컯û˵к֣ΪҲ֪ûǲֵܳģǺϵĴۡ
˵ü͵˳֡
ףҲͻԪڵʵԪ޺ڣû˿ãʥ˾Ͳɵ򲻹غľˡ˺ģü͵ܣܴܲƻմȾɣο򲻴ù˵̫ܾˡ
Ҳǡ컯Ҳԭ򣬲ֵ
ǣûʮɵջǲںĴֵġǾͲ̫
ҲǺ߶ЩߵƣҪûƣĻҡ
ȱɣγȫľȡʣ㻹Ҫජŵ㣬ĪҪʥ˹ֵ壬ס干ĴУĵȱͺãҹһһǳܴۡߣ̫û취ˣڻȥҲû׵ֶΣֻܵȡ

컯һ㶣ֱеŭˣʥҪù
ôʥǺĵıȻڣɱǲɣⲻװ컯е㵣ǣǵʥˣǵַ̫
ϾʥҪ
İɣлгһգڻô䣬ҲǽݱһתۣҪҲ䣬οɱǱˣǸһʲôоҲףʥǱȻĴڣȻǿԻһġ̫˵
ͺá컯˿Һñû̫֣Լˣˡ
γͷǡ
ߣ컯֪Ԫ޼ֶβʥ˿Կģʥ˲Ųű𲻻𻵺𣿱͸ǣ𻵺ʰǣһˣĽµ϶ѣ浱ԼǡʥˡˣĴΪʥĪ˵ǣҪ谭˺ݻпޡ
ֵ̫ǵıԴѹһʱ䣬ʥ˸߸ϣνе̳ο롢Ҳóʥˣ˶־Ͳһˡ⣬Աʥ˲ƽûˡ
컯Ȧˡ
òһʥ˿±˶ܡ
һʥ˵úδ棬ʥ˱ϾǺ֮Ӱѹʥ˵ͬ⡣
̫ƺ컯ɻ֮ǰУʥʥҪءǣ˺ǻԪ޼˵ҪʥҪ㵱񲻳ɣ˵ˣڳɾƽƽ֪𣿡

̫࣬컯еˡ
Ԫ޼˵ΪֶΣǵλҲһˡ
ܿпޣοʥˡ
˵Щʥ˱ѹǻûѹԪӺŮ³ʥǡ
컯ҿ϶Ҫʥ˻ãܻҡ
䲻ȫɱˣɱһǿԵģΪĿǰز٣ܶԺݻҪãԱֻǳͷǣûдɱǡ
ǣò˵ʥεǾˣ֮ʥ˴ǰĻԻҪۿۡ
˵߸ϣеļֵҪ˺ܶܶࡣ
еʥĸ컯еʥˡ
뵽ûΪѣΪ˽ѣ˵ֽ̰ĽǶԺûкôֻлĽ
ǣ˱˭ģΪ壬ɢɡ
Ϊ飬ΪҲɱ飬ǰħΪҲ˺ܶģһ
ֻЩʥ˵ùһ㣬ǵ˺ܶࡣ
˭˼ͻƵıأ˭̫Դ˵㣬Ҳ̫˽һ㡣
컯һ̾

컯ˡ
ŮۿҪӲԪʼһɲ컯ˡ
컯䡪һײԪʼĹ
컯ĺȻ֣һҲ˿
컯жûгˣƺܾúܾˡ
õ컯ʧǰǻԪɣڻԪ޽ɵĲΡ
ʥһķ컯ǰȻҲôǿ
ǣҲǣĵӶʥˣοǷ
ʦֻŮǼþò컯ˡ
컯ŮһЦ˺Լ׼ͽȻס֣ǼҪԼƿأĪҪ󡣡
컯ĺȻ֣˵ʥ˾òᡣ
Ҳ϶ˣʱǳģҪ컯ǰ֣
֤һ㣬ɱȵõ鱦ҪҪĶࡣ
ʥһĬ
Ͼ̫ķǲҷģǼٵ˼ô죿
ӵѣ
Ȼ
һӵԪУ׼ᡣ
ӵѣ鱦Ȳ˵ǳɹˡɹķ˵ȷ֣ܳջ񣬼Ȼ鱦ˡǣĪҪΪ鱦컯ˣҪʱ̶ǣǽļƻˣʱס壬ڤ磬ֺģͥҪġ׼
ӺܣҪ
Ǽ鱦ȷԼҪô죿
ǣ׼˵ҲԣΪ鱦컯ˣ컯ҪǼǺ˾Ͳˣʱ̶ԼˣԼ˻ô֣
ôֻʱ
ãҵȸ컯ǰһӣϣǰ˵壬Ů洵ѡ˵ûˡ桱컯ӣҪ˵塣
ɰ컯Ĳᣬоʥ˺ɵҪв֤ǵǿ
ѵΪԼѾӮˣβԼǸԼӣ
Щļһöԣ޷졣̵ĽǲʥʵҲѡ
ƣϵԻύġ컯оţ˺ܺĻش
ͺãҵʱȸˡ׼Ǽ컯ˣоˡ
оǰĶĲɹһ룬ֻһˣһؾ̫
ǣΣȷ򲻹̫̫Ϊ˴ѹԼƻ̫ġ

ȵȣ
˽Ҫ뿪ʱ컯һȵȣסǡ
ϵǸȰ棬ȫǣĪҪĪҪִԲ򣬼סʥ𣬵ȷľ˵׼Ҳشǡ
컯һ٣˵׼ģĳв֪μǶ̭ˣ
ֵûд̰ҲûдվǿΪ𣬿ҲҪ֪äĿ̰ȡ֮Ǻúɡ
˵꣬컯ҲûǣԪŮ뿪ˡ
Եʥһǣľ˵Բ⣬ѣ컯˵ȰͲòˡ
룬ͨһ˼ӡϴڣԼԺľͺ͵˶ľ棬²ԼҪġ
λǰ˵ԨͷԨ׼һȡ
˵ʥ˵ĴòҪ˵ˡ
Ȼеԥ˼ᶨ


751 Բʥƣ
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ʥǰȻأӿ
ҶԺо޴𶯣߸ʥȫǺܺ顣
˵ҫҲһѹ

ϣˣԽ干ҵҵסѱԸйԲµĹ塭Ըù֮λũ
ũϣΪ嶨ȡ˽һΪ塭գù֮λũ
֤λʥ˼֤


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߳ɷˣɷһֱ˵ϡ
ʥĿɿڴУֻ˵ľΪϵ׼ʥ׼ʥڡ׼ʥڡֱ׼ʥԲ
ҷ֮ԪһΪеһַգؼһɫľŸ֡
һĻʥ˶еȣԪкıԴ
˹Բһ̣Ȼˡ
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ǰʥ׸干й£û뵽ôǿңֱӳɾ׼ʥˡ
Ĳż׼ʥ˺ԼͬһЩܣӺ⻹ǵһˡ
Ȼ֮ǰǿ㣬ݴ˽а˺˼ӳ֮£նʬˡ
ǵӣڻĴڡ
ʥµĶӣǵһˣ׼ʥˡ
ʥôĵǣҲֱܼӳɾ׼ʥˣ
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Բշ֪ң

ಡ
ֻ׼ʥԲķˣϾȻ£һΪʷˣһΪԼԲ
ɾ׼ʥһ̣ǰļȫˣӵ壬ʣЩ
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ããð˲ŷ١
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ǿŮ洣һЩѿڶ
뵽һԼ˻ʷˣסˡ
ϲ˵ѡԪʼһЦԷ˹˹ֵ֣ϲת֮λ˻֮λð
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⵼֮ƺּСĸо

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ӡἶ֣ҲΪ˻ӡΪѹ˵
Ȼڷ˴ģ˵ֻ˻ʷ˺ǴӡǾ޴ĶӣУ˳֮һ˻ӡѹ岨ˡ
һĻʥɫܲÿû뵽á
顢һķ塢һӡһһ֮
ƺԿˣ֪ˣ󷽵͸ˡ
ǻ룬ǰһս
ϴѹԪˣ컯ĳ֣ƾ֡
ʥΪԼʤˣ֪̫档
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˺һ飬һЩδȨȨҪȽ̫Ҫ
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ӡȻôҲ򵥰ȻԼ˵ѹ£Ȼն˺Ĺϵˣֻʷˡ
ⶼʥ˵Ԥϡ
ĹȻܽ²Ҳû뵽ġ
ԪŮ洵һֱû˵ʥ˲ϣǵܡ
ǰ¶¶Ͳˣúĳ𶯡
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ǰǴ컯һЩܡ
ǲ¶ɫĶʥˣĪҪúĳ־޴Ĳ
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ⲻ̫ҪģԸ컯컯˵Ԫӵȡ
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λʵʦҪȥ˻磬ʱԹʥ˿׼ʱԶȳѹȣҲɱΣѹĲֻԼиˡ


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ʥ˴ѹĺܣճϦģڿͥǾãһܺõȥ

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ʲôԽ飿̫ʡ
ǶΪ˶ʳش
δз֣ΪָܵͣȣûټʶĴޡ鷽ûзԽģֻЩģԼ鱦˺ܶࡣ
̫ĺ鱦ףݱԵʣϾıԴϵ
ɻô淨
ʲô飿̫ʡ
ʻشǵãһ˾ɽõǾɽѴˡ
ţ̫˵ͷʾ
̫һҲĴڣ˵ΪΪԽԽ󡭡ֵģһ춼飬ֱδţ޴ĵı塣
תļĵ죬һСǵһǱ׼ʥĲΣɵϵǿҲʹڣҪΪпɣ飬Ϊͨĵ졭
ֵǻ۲ܸߣۣһͭһ鱦ҲһͭҲһ飬ǵһμ
룬̫һ⣬һǳһ飬ʼΪһǳ׹־ȻǸ飬ǻҲܸߣɱǿ˲Ŀ
оǣ֪ΪΣ޾ڰеľޣǰֻбܣûǻ۵Ĵڣһˣ˺ܶ൮ǻ۵ľޣͬʲôĶУһǿס

󶫻̫һҺãǶǸǻۣǿ󣬵ûĹǻ۲㣬ЩӦԡǰԸϡĪҪɱˣǹѺ

̫öһȫԼԤư
Ĵ䣬òֻ罫Ҫͣ޾طĴ߻顣
쿪
Ĵ䣬ôںĴڵ޾СͿռ䣬ǣҲı仯仯
ͺˣ̫뵽
ĺܺãȻ᱾ȥЩ顭ˣзּ⡭
̫һ٣Цǽнܿ죬ΪûնɱЩ飬Ǳӻȸŵ鲻˵棬ǸžͰǿˣǲֻǽ̻õˣǱӻЩ飬ҲΪܿԭ򡣡
һĪĻϲԭһ档
ЩҪ
ڡӻһ죬Ҫ̫˵ɱ飬ʹɱˡ
ô˵Ǳ˵ǵ飬һȻ鱦ͱͭ
˵ǳһ飬Ҳһ鱦һġ
ȣּ⡣˸оǰ;Իشĺʹ졣
ңи뷨֪˵˵
̫ȴˣʵйǣ
ûСۿæҡͷȴǵ⻹ǹռֵⷢģҪǿѰңܸ࣬
ۿʵҪҪûµʱ򣬳ȥѰһ£ǲǡӻҲںεؼ¼һ£˵õĵ
̫һЦ⵹Ǹ⣬ԼæúܣȻôﵮȥѰһ
˵ͨԼ˺Ĺ켣أ
ܲľ
Ȼ̫Ҳһ㣬ǣĿܣʼһֵܱ䣬ʱԼǰ˵һһ̣µܱ·ʼµ飬һʱٰ
ԡ̫ܺãǵ뷨ĪҪɱǣΣյľץӻһ£Σյľͼ¼һ·βܣЩšҲץɣϾҪһ¡
ۿһ
˹Ȼ£æ˵̫ˣϡģҪڶǰҪ飬ճϦ
ţҲˣǿŰͿɡ̫ЦƵġ
̫ͲǸ޳ܡ죬Υĵˡ
ĵĴʲôìܣǿ
˵˿̻Ԫ޼ɵĲˣ˿ɶҲ£ӵ޾
ʲôìܣʲô©ʲôΥĵȵȡ
ֻҪΥ̫ߡԭػġسŵĽ̫˼ɡ
ԣ̫һۿޱ̫ˣһĺϼƺ󡭡


һĴЦ

ʥ˺ʥ¿ĶɵˣЦʲô
ȿȣǽôˣ̫ɫһգʥʥʵ



773 
Ƕˣ˽̸˵
𣬶౦ǽؽ̸ɴִнָͨ
Ҳˣҩʦ̸ɴ˷չɡ
ɹƿأȼƸԪʼҲ

ƣܺá̫˵ͷ
̫ſʼ˵λʥעĹ⣬ϾͷҪҪӵŬǵǵŬѵֻǽĸ干
ƺ㹦ǵǵ컯Լá
γǵʵܼϣشԲ󣬽糹׳͵ľ棬˺󡭡
Ҫ׳󣬿³ҵݱ䣬Ҫ޾СˣȵҪģǽźȥС磬ͳƿؽ̻С磬˺󡭡
СںϽģ׳ģȵ׬ȡ;Ȼ׬ȡĶҪȵӵŬ
̫ŵ˵һ£ʥ˺𾪡
Ȳ˵ģԼ֪ˣĻ͵ȥСеԼ۳ҵĵطôʹǰ֪أ
ңԼźأѾСעˣôĲడ
ֵ̫ĲҪģСĹҲǳȫĶѣǵ׬ȡĹ£Ҳ׳ģǳķʽ
̫˵꣬˳˼ʵɻ󣿡
˵꣬Ԫʼûҵȵֺ֧ͱӻҵȵǻѹɱ塢塢塢壬Լһܣ׷Źҵȵӣ
Ԫʼʳʥ˵Ĺǡ
ǲõǣڹСʱ鲻ڶʱܱӣ赣ǣڡ
̫һЦںںĵᣬ𲻻ᣬһ˳ģҲûоԵİȫ
̫˵꣬ǳĬˡ
̫ȴ뵽ʥ໥ҧ˵ѾѣҲ˵ǵ߽ˣǵĶȱ˵ĶҪҡ
һƺķˣ̫˵֤ǵӲϾش䣬̫Ᵽ֤
̫ãԼ²İ˾ŲʮǵĵˣҲᱻųɽķ
˵Сȥĺ飬δϷ
ʥ
̫һ˵˵ס
ϾûֻǱѹ壬˭Ĵɱǵĵӣδıɣ
ǰ£ԼȻѹڣûҴԼԡ
롣
Լ࣬Ҳó̺ͽ̻飬Ա˵Լ̻ǿ塣
˽ͬˡ
˽Ҳͬ⣡
ͬ⣡
ؽͬ⣡
ʥֱӲ̫׼ᣬĶ˵ˡ
׼ãҲˣ̫ɱ
һ㣬̫ĺҪǱԭ׼ᣬߺߣ
ҲãҪֺģԼ˵أ
ȻȶӦˣɡ⣬ǵնʬˡ̫ɵ˵
˵ʥһ
ԭûǰǵԼնʬ
л𣡡ʥ˿
ӡԪʼͨͽնȥʬĴڣеĳʥǰնȥģеĳʥնȥġ
׼ȻնһʬնʬԶˣκ󣬲̫Զˣ
ʥ˵նʬ׼ʥԲĴڣҲǵĵ
ҪǵϣҪûϣô
̫նʬǸǵϣ
Ǿ͸Ŭס
ǣǺòֲ󣬻ᷢѾһˣʱˣǹҲѡ
Ȼڴ˺úõڰɣȵȥġ̫˵
֮ǰӾͰ籦ͨҲǿ鱦˵ӻ
ˣ̫ʥ뿪ˣԼıȥɡ
һı룬̫飬һȫˡ

һߡ
̫ʥ˵ͻغĺ̽һ״
徭ǰĴս׵аӪǰͽһ£ȫõӦеĳͷ
ԯĴ£ʼ豻սݲе
ԯһͬʣƫΪΪͳһֻҪ˳ӦԼĸĸɢ䣬ͻõıӻ
ȻȻвĵģԯ磬ĵȫɨ֮£ѱԯȫƿء
˺ʼŹԱ⣬ҲϷȵͶϣϣ˵ַ
ǰսʮλʦܣԯͽһо֮󣬷ʮʦûг׵
һЩ̫Ŵܵת֮ǰȥҲһĥ
ǽ飬֪֮ǰũŮŮޣĴڡ
ʦ̫һʥˮ˼䣬ش˿ܻǰָ㡣
ɽ鲻ȥ̫ʥˮԼʮӡ
ʦͽʼ취뵽ˡ
취ǰһΪԯвػߣ塰ʥλ
ʦͽһϼƣ㳹ͳһȫ˺־ʮʦΪػФ
Ѻý˺־ʮλʦܵļ䡣
Ϊ뷨ԯϷˣûϷͳһ㲻ó׵ͳһ
ֻȫͳһˣɾԲ֮λܹԲ֤
塭
ֻ̫Ǽ򵥵Ĺ۲һ£Ҳû⣬۶ѣغشԲ
̫ʣԼǰͷʥ˵ľٶûҴ˿̷ġ
Ҫ֮߳ǰ־ķҪһʱ֮
Ͼ̫ν˵ֻǳͷʥˣĲܣ
ǣľ𺳣̫˵ܲʣҲҶʱΣΪ̫¡
̫۲⣬żչУķɡ
۵Ľ̵̫ûʥµȨ
̫ν˵Ĺƽʥʥˣܳͷǣǵĵû캦Ͳܳͷ
οǺʹǰµģġ
˵ѾǿʵǶĴѹ
̫һֱѰһػģֲ֮·
Ҫһ㣬Ҫľǹƽ
һ㣬飬̫Ĳܲʡ
۵ĸ֣Ȼʥµԭ̫ᡣ
һߡ
̫ͻʥ£򵥵Ŀһַصĺ֮ȥ̫һӻϡ顣
һ޴ĵ죬Ũ
ȴûڣݶ̫һĻ㱨ǰǨˣֻϡ鱻ӻ
ϵһ޴죬ǵ顭һ˯ȻҪ¡һӲ̫ʹԴĺܣѵüҲ˵Լܸ߹˵ܴ۵ġ
Ŷ̫һЦû⣬Լѵ˵ļһš
ȥɡ̫˵
ǣ
̫һһȥ̫һĵֲ㣬
ƵѣƵ
أһһļһҴ򲻹㣬ɱҰɱҰҸ߹ĸţģڵģ㡭
̫һüֱǸˡ
򲻹̫һ˵̫һ״ɱ㣬㲻ô°ߴߴģ˾첻ͣ£ǡ
ס죡̫òͷˣһȡ
㡭ƺƵĵ飬ŭķԼˣǽ̫һļһˣΪҲǺöſھҪȥģǡ
ǣȻеһֱԼ߹ܶ౶ıԴѹ֮Բ̫һΪо̫һһĸţһıԴͬȻ
ǣ̫ʱ򣬺ȻоǳԽԼܶ౶߹Ĵڡ
̫Ҳ֪飬Ӹź͸߹ĳ̶ȵġ
㣬ǣƵֲϵĴڣݼϵĴڡ
һв⻹̫һһ֪
̫ȴ֮ԳƲĵһͨ͸һ
óһ뷨
δͣÿһͬҲͬҲ໥档
ǣܱߣǿһ档
вļһشʱֻȥ
Ϊһǿմ½滹ᵮĴڡ
ҲҲ׳ֱﵽһ޺󣬶ȹǿߵȵ磺ġ
ȻΨһ
仯֮вļһδǿһ½
һ㣬еĺһ
̫һǺĽݻ֮һ
һĴڣԿ㲻
һ£̫һ˵ǽġ
̫оˣ
̫ջ뷨Բ
ϵĴڣҵĴУһλߵĴڣΪ̫Сĵʡ
Ǳ𡣡̫û뵽ѵԼԪ޼ƽԵʣ
Ȼ
ˣеߴڣȻҪ𾴡
Ͼиģ˶˵̫ϵĴڡ
ԲȻľ;ã̫ͬ
̫
оԲˣȻֻǼ򵥵ļԻʶһв
ݣ̫о˾Ųʮ
δĺ̫Ԫɡڤ½һĴڡ
һĴڡ
̫ͨѯ飬ټϲĲм
̫ˣȲͼԲӡ
˵óǳδҲ޵ĸһǲĴ½ĸһǺġ
δ磬ӺǿյĻ֡
⣬ǰ޾ľޣҲǣҲΪһµ
Ҳǽĵǻǿ࣬Ͼڰ޾ǵĵ̡
̫һ㣬һĺǿմ½һټһ޾
Լ۲쵽ģδĵͱ仯
ҪټϽǧ磬ǲ
˵Ҫ޾С磬Ҫںϵ޾С硣
̫֮оδԻᾫޱȣ
ȻҲʾѾ׵ĳ֪ĺ
δĹ켣еƬΣҪˣֻеһ߶ѣĴ߶Ժࡣ
Σһ߶ܱ䣬λᷢôҪˡ


774 ǰ
㣬Ĵж٣̫ʽĴ½ж٣
֪Ŀǰڳʼ״̬޵ı仯һ½ʶһĴڣŨԵʣؾҵǰɡ
ʣ֪Լһж٣Ǻ̫˵һδΰ̫ơ
ѵ˵һ˵Ϊһ½ʶûܽ顣
ˣܲ˯ɣˡ̫оеܲˣ߰ɣһ̫߶
𣬵𡭡
̫ˣ
ûء
ÿǶ̫һһ߶ֱ߶̫һˣʹһ٣һٺ󣬲ϵĽ̫һɱ
һ̫ˣĲɱģֲôǰƶ̫һ
̫һҺû֣Ҳãᱳ

̫Ͷ̫һ뿪˲
Ҳ̫ʵ
̫һ͵һ㶣æҡͷ𣬾ƵĶңǳҲҡ
Ŷͺá̫˿
̫̽һǳ飬ԼһЩֵ飬ǳ⣬棬ȴҲͺֻ࣬һһѡ
ڣ档
ǣǳʱ̫һ򣬺һ۵ʥ⣬̫ǳ˵űĻɾǳʱ򣬿ǵʥ⡣
ͱʾǳյġ
̫һ뷨Ϊ̫֪ش䣬Ϥĵûˣǳ׵ıԼƶʧ
ңԿ϶ɡ
ֻԼһ
飬ǲѡ
ңҪǶԱȵĻǳǱϤĵǿ˺ܶ౶
еֻǺżγɵһǳǳ飬Ǻġ
żȻγɵĵȻǿ˺ܶܶࡣ
̫ʥ⣬̫ݼ̻ĵת켣޽ӽ
һɡ
ǳ𲻴ӦҪԼľ
һȤ°ɣҲȷ
˺󡭡
̫ʶ廨ŵ飬Ǻش䣬޾ڰ档
ɢɢļٸ⻹Ƕ̫һżȻģ̫࣬룬µɣ
Ȼ޹أ̫Ͷ̫һĴӪʱյ
ʱʱյ仯ܴ̫ȥ˿ħڶ̫һǰһֻͷȮ
һȦ󣬶˵ش䣬֮ںϽɽ磬³ĻԵҪˡ
ۿһΪ磬û뵽ҪѾ٣ô
˵ǣû뵽ݻĺܿ죬Ҫ׼̫ǵ𾪣˵
ʱ׼ţ壬ߣ̫һս
ˣ˵ǵĶԹ𲻻ȥᡣ̫ҡҡͷ̫һôǲϲӣԼǺһͬʣȻԼֲ塣
ҡ
̫̫һҪӣǽĵ˿ɲֻ壬˵岻ҪģδɽЩҲ㣬δ޾СĹͺ󣬻᳣פڤѪȻķָԶȥ鷳֪ôģг𡣡
̫һ̫һ죬εĲ֪롣
ۿޱ˺͵ֻЦЦ˵ƺ⿴̫̫һ
ֵ̫⣬ǰǳŵŸСҪˣǻǷľſֻ̫йԲſѳ̫壬ǰ䡭ֻҪܳʱ䣬ǿͨԺĵĹ׺͹£ˣһЩʱþŸСһѣҪǵŬ
˵꣬ۿһڴأ˺Ѿ档
ŸСһô쵰Ҳǵĺӣ̫ʾ⡣
˴еĿģ̫Ҫ뿪ˡ
̫ˣǺú׼ɣˣסشʱҪκεķ֮٣شԲǲ˺ģֻǺɽں˶ѣסˡ
ǣ𣡡һи߲ش
ţ̫˵ͷתҪߡ
ˣȴǺܳϿҵĸ̫һ򣬸лָ̫ʹ裬ָоԼˣΪӭش䣬ΪһЩı
Ҳֵһݡ
̫ҪתһĻˡ
𲻴࣬Ϊ壬Ϊ˺Ĵ壬飬ҪлĶͣݡһԴǡ
ţ̫һҪˣȴת˿׼ʥڣǰԼĽ𵤺ܹá
󲻴пŽ𵤣ܸ򾳽磬֮ǰǸҪõ㣬˱ΪͻƵģ͸ˣĪҪñʧ
˵꣬һŽɢŨĵϣȷ֮ǰĻҪãоƾŽ𵤣ԼΪܸһ
л𡣡̫벻뿪֣صһ
ȴΧȣĵյİôѾˣˡ
ʺ͵ۿЦˣܿġ
ҲЦˣ֪̫С뷨˼̫Ǹˣ˵ĺԣ̫ãǻץ˶ˡ
޹ƣڣֻĻԵѣ


775 ۵
̫뿪ļ֮뵽ı֣΢΢һЦһǡôġάá
ڰС˼̫Ͳǿ
ĴСһԵ
̫ջ˼뵽ҪҲ֪ȥܵõϢǺ֪ģҲû֪Ķࡣ
һˣ˸߿գ
̫վں仯ĺ磬ѾҪĺ£
ָһ۽͵һ̣۵λʱ˺ܶ࣬ϴ˿̵ԯôĳ׵ͣʮԪˡ
뵽̫ȥԼҲ׼һˡ


̫ĵ˵صζ
߳ģ۷Ĵڣһһ𣬽̸´Ƶݡ
̫ѲԪ޼ɣԴ˾õֻһ֮ңϲɺء沿뷨ˡ
ݱ䣬ǰûˣ˽ϵѾƿȫ֡
Ǿ仰ˮɶѣĽ̫Ϊ⡣
һ̫֮Ԫ޼ͬһĻԪ޼ƶһع飬ȻƶһЩָ磬ѵѵԴ΢΢Ц
Ŷ̫ѾˣǰҲĴУҲ˵
ں˾ʶĹڣҲԼ˺ܶࡣ
⡭ֵӵѳֳͷλʥ˿óѵĻԪ޼򵥣ʥڵ϶
̫û࣬Ҳǳϣ˵ͷǰɣںͬȵѣջ񡣡
̫˵꣬ȴúĵȻָȷģ̫¶®ɽĿ
Ҳң̫ĸ֣Ժ̫Ҫˣ˵ǺĵĽݱ䣬˵ĵĿˡ
Ҫ㣬֤һǧ;ͬ飬˵һ·
ǰĺģܵԼİٰ谮ʱǺ谮ܿʱ
ҵǣ̫ΨһܿĵȷУǲࡣ
޷ݱĿһЩԺĿѡ
ĵĽݱ䣬ศɵģǿȻǿϾĽǺĵ
ǿҲᷴģС磬ҪȥȥռСԵˣȻɺںϣ˺󡭡ں׳ĺģ顣
ıʵҲһ顱ֻķʽһѡ
Ȼ˵һʵҲһԪ޽֤죬Ԫ޽ĽҲͺĴͬ
ԽԽԼģԽԽศɡ
ںĵĿ飿
֪Ĳ࣬͸¶Ĳ࣬ݣ޷̲С硣
޾Сϡ
С໥ںϣںϳǿ磬ǿ赲ĵɡ
Ҫ̫ĴڣֻڶСںϺ顣
ҪСںϳĴڣػУôĵҪȥС磬ܵ˼ҵļ·ϣУͱˡ
̫ҪģܾǶԿڶСʶںϺ۳飬ҲǻԪ޼ĲΣ̫ߡ
ο޾С磬˭֪жСΪĵĥᱻָʾںϳһǿ磬Ȼ̳ǿֿġ
ͺñ̫ǰ̲СʱС˺ü˹
⻹һС磬ҪǺܶСں۳ˡ¾޼ɵֵ̫ˡ
һˡ
̫صԭ򣬿ܺһֻһδ̫̫
еΣԼϵɾʹˣ̫Ļȥһ·֮ˣĸԼĴһ¡
̫Ѻˣ˵޵޾£ٻмǿĶ֣Ҳ̫į
ڣ̫ѻԪ޼޵ˣںϵĴڳһսԼûĻܡ
һߡ
̫ĬҿԼһĽһԹһ̾ģ̫ڡ
ϼһι۹⿴ű𣬿ıڡ̫ʵ
ûʲôһЦΪΣղŵ˼˵һ¡
Ե˰ɣϵĽѵĻ޵ʵܣһϵڣѵĶֳˣ˵ѵĥˣĽѡ̾
̫󣬹Ȼܸˡ
ҪͺˣԼԪ޼󣬳ʰʥˣįĺܰû뵽ġѪԼȥ
Ȼ̫ȴһЦϼһԱôģ±򲻹ڶСںϵĴڣϾɲֹһ
һЦĪҪŪϵϵҲףѲսʤôںϳĴڣϵȴ֪ԱɱɱޱȵļѣԣһʧֺηܽᾭٵĽϵĽĵط⡭
ֵЩںϵĴڣϾڶС籾Դۣǿȥܺǿ󣬿ҲϺõıԴֻҪնɱǣˣѵĽ޿
̫Цˣ㶼뵽ˡϼһҪƿغʵ޴ŵĻȥǣ𵱸ͷʦô
ûҡҡͷ̫ԴĻع鱾ңһ̫һΡ
̫Ѵ˴ǰΪ˴ǰʥ˵飿⡣
̫ҲЦǵġΪ֮ǰʥˣ˳͵Ѿ۾ۡ
ֱӣǰĪҪնɱʥˣȷָû˽ʥ˳ΪĥѴ׵޼ʥˡʥؼ˽Ĵûǣؼû˽ȻǲܣǵĴڣҲܴ֮ĵ޼ʥˣвնɱ
Ŷ̫һ㶣ԼĲ࣬ʣѵ޼ʥ˲ʥ˾ã
ҡҡͷҲˣжʥ䡣áĪҪǵնɱѳնɱչ赲ݱ䣬֮ŭʥжôͷɣɱǣ˵̫ӡνѵǼи򣬻õ㣬ǻִԲǳ䲻ԶˣµʥҲˣ
аɣ̫һ̾޽⣬˵ģǻʥˣҲˣ̫ʵҲû̫Թǣֻǹ˶ѡ
ֵȻǰĳͷѾˡ
ƣлѴȱ̾Ϣ
ǵȷˣźвǵѲ֣һв̶ǰϵҲֵġ޷չǹתûվԳ֡
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˵Щ̫ʵ˼ˣؼʮʥ˿Բ˰ɣ
ţˣԯ֤ͻ۳ԲʱؼͻʥˣΪҵȶµ롢ۿԼ
Ŷˣ̫˵ͷ
ͣʥ˵ĹλͣҲɾ޼ʥˡ
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̫Ժƿδĸое⣬ûǰһƿеĸоá

ףˣǰԴͷɷĶ壬һӦûνġӡɣմˣŮò׵ֵţ˵ЩǱдĵģܷϣкܶమģ̫뵽
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ңʥѹĹϵվ£˻ͼڣû˹ϵ
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ͣңԼ󲿷ϺɽĲ֡
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δͣңΪһ˵һڷĴ˵
̫Ĵǣ˺ڷҲŵĵɽ磬ڤ硣
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̫磬̫֪һͯ棬ʱӡһļ䡣
һļչ鲻ȫӰ쾫ĵĺͽѡܲ
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գ۾̫һ¶ȴݼʦ
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лĹž͵Ļչˣ̫ûҪ˵ģҲָ㣬Ĵá
̫ߺ󡭡
СǺ˵ˣʦҪµ𣿡Ծ
ԴһѾס˻ĺӣүүƭңʦûйﰡЦԴء
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ߺѾͷ׼үүĺӣ֣֡εһЦ
ҺԼĳ谮ĲǾ竣ǲͯ档
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үү׷Ұ׷ҰֻһЦ

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ȥߣڤ˼˺þã̫ͣٵһУоܺá
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ڵʱ䣬ĺ̫ܲû©Ҳ˱ཻ
ľһǵӵı֣ҲǵӸġ
Ǻǣ֣̫һЦֺðǺܶ˱ʧԼ𣬾һֱصģΪһΪʦ⣬
̫ıǱõһԪʦܺŮʦãվǺʥˣǵĶҲմȾĵɳǸáʯʦֿʦȣҲ㲻ǵĲһĵǰϴǵϴչԱıɳĿǰΪֹ⡣
ӻ֣̿ľֹ̫Ŀ϶ȴԽԲ
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˵Ҳˣĵӻڸ干ҪʱѯԼԼ뿪ô죬Լ뿪ԼǵĶûС
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вʣδһʱҪչصĵطĵطչأԼд
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ǰĻԵﾹȻʦƿصĵطʦ֮ʥ

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777 ·޲Tħ
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һԪһһݾţһ棬һ޲Tһĸ档
Σ̫о׺ϵͳħܾãȻȻβܣȺϵ֮˺ϵʱħ֮˳ħʱ١
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һˣ̫ȥһôô͵û˷˵ľٶѵԼ֪ġ
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ܵ͵Եԭ
̫޼ɣҲ޼ʥˣ޲T̫ܺǰ֤Լһִš
żȻ̫·Լ˴޲T˲ӭ˳
ħޣȻǵȥΪ˲̫ƣ޲TԼΪһ̫Ҳ
Ŷ޲TôãСȻ˴ˣݱΪ̫ôоΪ;ÿԺͱһսˣӭս𣿡
㣡޲Tһȣȴ룬̫һѹʥֻܣߣ
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Ҳһ˼ܱ޲T˵ˣʥˣȷӦóΪ޲T£ȻеǺõģеǲõģõĹ޲Tѡ
ߣʥչС޼ʥ˲Ǻĵ棬Ҳ䣬һЩҪĶǺǡ治֪Цʲô̫Ц
⻰޲TĲᡣ
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̫Դһˣߵʱһ޲Tͺãڣ˵ŭΪϡ
ȷȷҺͺǰƳ˴û뵽Ļᾭ仯ԣʥ޷ѹƣȻǾ仰ʲôӻʲôӻǼʶӵĿҪһˣǲǺܿģ̫Ц
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οһһ羰̭ķ羰Ҫȥѵл𣿵ȻҪǣ´ʥ˺޳ܣȻվһģ˵ʲô˵޳ܵĲΣǶմȾ޲T̫޳ˣҲ̫ˡ

ס죡
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޲Tѱը̫ܲˣҲҪҧ̫һҪ
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䣡޲TԴ߱ˡ
ˣ޲Tп㡣
ֶ̫ס޲Tʱ쵽ˣ˾߰ɡ


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Աѵʥˣѵ޲TǼ˲̫ÿԽѵʥһٴΡ
޲Tŭ˰֮ãУ޾ǸоħҲ֪ôˣ
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ң̫֣ǰԤϵĺܶԣ̫ͼ̹ᦵǱ˸ģԶԶûԼǿܴ
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컯ѾΪ̫Ҳϣ̫˵ʱǿ;Ŵ֮ģ컯컯Ҳ̫컯Ƶġ
ȻһǾǿҪԲ컯Ԫ컯ԪһֱĬĬʱ޿̶ڽش䣬̫о컯ԪĲҲԶˡ
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뵽ˣ̫ԿĸȻֻΪԽߣõҲԽ٣ֻܿԼ
üףΪ鱦ûãĳɵ
ˣһֱǺΪǰûȥѰҲĽֻ̫Ľһζѡ
ͷ̫ڲǲɡ
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ҲգȻˣͣͰֱѹ磬ʱ˾ƣҲԿߣ̫оеˡ
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ԳƺҲɳƺƺĲΣ;ͬѣƺɡ
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781 
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ƶܱλǰ˶̫С깪
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֪ǰ֪ǲ𣬻ȥС˻еСȻͲˣˡ
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ǣǣҵ뿪뿪˲ѡˣɵ֪С鱦СҪ
Ķ̫Сһݣ뿪ˡ
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С۹·̫е㲻˵ӣүǲСˣСϣСӰ顣
ˣˡ̫Ҳû˵ģֻţҪ֪ĿΪ˸ĲͬʵɨһУʲôȤѰʲôܵõ
үүС֪ˡСί˵
ʵû뷨̫еĵλ̫ߣ̫еĵλȥһУ±̫ˣð̫
˰Ķǲܱɲ޹ؽҪСϣСŵĸˣ»̫ˡ
һһİɣ̫̾һ䡣
Ǹ̾С꣬Ǹ̾Ͳܱתˣԭ켣У䱦ǮԹȽؽ̵ӳ˴һû䱦Ǯ˵Ϸˡ
ʮ˷һһб·֮һ
ү˵𣿡СƺԼˣˡš⣬ܸղŵ˵˹켣Ҳ֪Լ˺󣬵ܲϲ
ţ˵ˣҪл㣬Ҳ㣿̫Ц˵Ҳ͡
ϷǼһһźĶ˵Ǿ޴ĻԵ̫˵ļޡ
ڸл޷ǱϾ鱦е߾֮ûһˣŷǻ˾չʾһ㡣
Сȴһ㶣һˣŵҪŮŲС
˺󡭡
ûвۣ鱦̫ȡ鱦һ䱦Ǯһǳĳߡ
Ʒȴر䱦ǮǶĲΣĳֻƷ鱦ĲΡ
䱦Ǯǿ̫ûԤƴҲᵼͲܱ䣬Ҳ׵ʰԹĸͶ顣
̫ãΪ鱦ĳ̫뵽˱ġ
˺СɻУܳǶȥ

壡
ԯͳһ󣬶忪ʼ˸ĸһʱĸı飬ٵĲΡ
кܶĥ塣
ԯһŮŮɵĳŮɳɺ֮꣬Щ꣬ʧء
˭µĴɺԯףѡ
ѳ˵˺Զ˴˶
һεĴɺԯݻ幩µġ
Ȼǳ岻⶯ֶΣݵġ
˽ʮĸɺ
弸ƿǰƲ꣬ǰϵõʱȻ˳
ϵ߲֮óšĿ顿ʼ䱾ģɺ
ɺǶֶμ˶ѳ̶ȡ
˳ӦĶΪҲû
оĺ͸ӻĹǵľʮֵķḻ
ڣ
֮ǰ忪ʼжԵʱʵҲͨԼͨɺĳͷ
ûУΪ
ɺʱǳˣ˴˴εѡ
Ҳһ̣Ƶ֮ŮˣԯǸԼŮȡŮɣΪ˼סѡ
ŮɣΪγ˺ɣ»ǣµĽʬһ塣
ɺԯŮɵĹע˺ܶ࣬ǰũ֮ŮŮһ
йĸףǺӵҸʹࡣ
ŮޱɺϵǣŮһʬһӵ
ŮɻΪʬһ岻ǿĴڡ
ɱϾ丸干ûǿˣҲΪԯŮ
οΪԯŮȻԯˡ
ˣŮûһĽʬһ˽ʬԣŮҲһĸţһĴڡ
Ů̫һ棬֮󣬳ɺԴ
ҪŮǹŮͱɱˡ
Ů¯һʣԽԽ
֮أǧ
нԯޱȵƣ֪еԵɣŮʬĺ󡭡
䴦صĽʬһ嵹ùˡ
ʼԯϴһϴ󣬽ʬһ壬òܵӵޣŵԱⱻΣա
ԯ˵ʬֻأǱ嵫ʬҪɱ֮
㣬ʬһ˼ݾˣҲǹӲд
ԯεķ֣ԼŮ˳𣬿Ůȴ̲ݻʱı仯ŮԽԽء
ֱһСŵ̫һ

ԯܣʵû취ҵ˽顣
ԯݷ̣ʱһ㣬չأ֪
ͽ˵֮󣬽ضŮһ̽ŵ֪
ŮɱǺ;һɲͬˣøŮȴʬһӵеĹ
ſСŮ֪ԼҪʲô
ʦµָʵû취ʱȥľʦ塣
˺󡭡ľҲûҵ̽ŮɣԵɺľЦˡ
̫磬ԻС󣬻񾭳ǰ԰ڡ
ͬΪ̫һơ
˵̫ͬ࣬޺ټ֮飬͸ˡ
ҸʺϵĴ˶ϼѣĹ̫ʱڶټ˵ڡ
ǣľ̽鷢֣ŮɾˣҲ̫ʱڵ֮ת
ǣ⻹ͬڻ֡סޡ
֮⡣
ԱȾף֮ǡСơꡢ硢飬˺ǲľࡣ
˵Ůɺ֣֮Уġ
ݴػԪ֮Ρǰ֮ǬǬ֮ħ޲Tصһħȵȡ
֮飬ǿٵصһģȸš
֮顢ơꡢ׵֮飬ǣŮҲǡ
֪ŮɵĸźľˣֻҪȥһ˵϶˭ġ
ȻľԽԯ˵֮ǰࡣ
˺󲻾ãȻˣ˳þûٶȸϵ塣
һ̽ŮɣȻԼ֮࣬ͬԴ
ɰ˻ˣʲôͽˣƺүүС뵽˻С
ΪŮɿƲסԼͨ򵥣Сһûǰļ䣬ֻǾǰıԴǣƿزԼͨ
񰡣Ůǰļ䣬Ϊʬһеֻطֻظˣֻ´ıԴ
ûоǰķգܲˡ
̫Խ̵
ǣ
סˣļǵľʦ˵һ仰ǼһԵʣ̫ͣʦˡ
仰Ǽǵú
ľʦûԼɺΣôһ룿Σľʦ廯ⲻˣӸǰ
ԣǲġ

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ǰŮɲǲУҪɣʵ
һЦģϵѹ׵ֶζᴫڸѾͷŮɣ񣬵Ѿͷϵ̫磬ϵȻġ
һ㶣ǰ˵ĸɺ϶ɺŮɽµģҪԯԵʣɱˣ᲻Ѿͷϴˢɣ
һԭԼˡ
ΪѾͷҲˣɺѲϵ
ݴ˺ԯ׳˶ơ
屾ͷеİԵ׷ɱȻܾˣ塣
ѾͷڴĿ⣬ŭڣ˵£ϵ
ȻôãҲ̫̫֮õġ
þô飬ο̫ĵطû̫˽˵鷳
岻ƲΪϵһţŪһЩ塱ˡ
Լ֪ĺԼȷƲ컯Ԫǰĥ
־˵ļӳֻ֣ƲѣͲ壬ܰɵġ
Ȼ
֮ţһƷ鱦ܶѪͻۡ
ԯ˵ôʹúԯйʥʮФľ顣
ʴˣμˮţԯ־ļӳֺ˺󣬳һˮԾŵĴԵ
ԯѸأˮԾţõ˺־ӳ֣ΪƲ֮ػޣ
Ȼˮ֪ǴԵԾųɾ֮ĻԵޱȵϧ
úʮεͷˮԾŵ࣬ɹĳΪһʮ
ԯƲ꣬ΪӻΪ˳
ˣ
ɺˣҲӴǰʽҲһĺܺá
ˣǵ˼ӳ½˺ܶࡣ
Ѿ˺Ƥ֮еľ档
ԸԳŮɣԸԳԼƿԼˡ
Դˣһһ壬ֻ޸´˵ûˡ
ԼƿصȴģԾһɱ䣬ҲһĽĻƷ
ˣףԾţһɱ֪
Ĵ˴һףԸ
кܶ壬ԳĴˣֻǣǱѡ
㡭
ƺûʲô谭ķչ嶼⵹ˣ˵Сѡ
ʢͷԽԽ赲
ȻˣʣҲϵĴ쵼£еĶûУҪɲ֪ôȡ
ʱ򵥵ˣκ̫Ҳȫĳؽ׵谭ķչ
ҪֶܳΪ˭ϵĻңȥ
ʲôĻңԯ߲һĪչ
˽飬ףʦ˵Ľ⡢⣬ˡ

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ܶǣһһŮʲˣ΢ЦĿһС
ȴŵĿˡ


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ү𣿹Ȼ嶼ͬС˵
ţǲһǰŮ洴ʱ򣬱Ϊһ壬ǿϢĻǣ˲һ壬Ҳ˿̵̫֮˵
ԭˡС˵û뵽Ҳүֲ֣ôǿʢֵү
Ǹԯһ鷳ɣ˺ԯ֤ҲͲԶˣ֤ؼ䣬۳ʱֻʥ˰ɡ
⣿Сһү𣿡
Ŷ̫һЦΪʲôô϶
үСȴҲǴӻĹ峤Ա𣬾ԴںϣǲǲľһضǣƺҲ񡣡
ţĲ峤ȷҪ̫ͷֵΪʥԱѹʥʥʵҲûôˣνҲ⣬ҲǱ⣬峤ʵҲܵġ
үܸС˵˵Се㲻
ҲûʲôûбںԵʣ峤ǻۺ͸ţͳɾͻԪ޽֮Ϊ˵ǰǱ⿴մ˹⣬õǳ˿ģǱԪںϣ峤ֹ˿̵ĳɾ͡
СȻȴǵʱ峤᳹׵ʱƺѡ񡣡
Ա˵Ҳ⣬Ҳ⡣
Сеĵ˵ͷ
˽ʱ򡭡
Ѿ˸߲㣬߲ԺȻȴ·ĸˣܽ
ֱ鼤ĳأԯ˵ʦүٺԯ͵һʦүˡ
ƺƵ߲㣬ȫΪ˱֣̿˲˶ǡ
⣬ԯ֪ʦүϲֻ꣬и߲ǰӭӾͿɣµĲ֪Ҳա

ԯݼ𣡡ϴָ̫㣬ԯףʦүϲԼƺ𣬳ԼԲ干ݣĪҪͽƺˡ
ͽ飬ݼʦ档̫ߵݡ
ݼ𡣡ֵܼưݼ𡣡
һǰһƺһԵԵʣֻ򡣬ûк档
ƣȴǸлָ̫ʹ컯û򡣬ʲôʥд˿̵컯̫Ĵ컯
塭ݼ̫𣡡

̫幧ӭ̫̫⣬Ҳߣ廹ǵһӭĴڣеź;
򡣬Ҳ㹦Բˡ̫Բ˵
˷ǵĸоǰϺ˺ƣû˱޲Tƿʱ̬˿̵Ĳʥر
ͨƸ̫дŵ޴ǰָ㣬ûĽ죬ƽ֪ǰл޵¾޴˿̵Ĳ򡣬֮ͬ죬תǰ̵ָ̿Ϊͽݼʦү
ƸղŲôƺ̫ϲ̫һĽ˺ܶ࣬ýĹϵԼµҲˡ
ƣȻ£˵ˣʦŵָɡ̫һ˲򡡣
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̫Գ棬˵ԲԿȥ
ʵҲȥˣʲôܾ㣬Ӱԯˡ
˵ģԯûԲֲȥǲϲµܡ
̫յ㣬Էĵ뿪ˡ
ǣʦ
û뵽̫ͽͷ£һ޶ԯܣȥֲУֻڴԯԲҲȥ
ǰˣܲˣҲ̫£͸ˡ
飬̫ŵʵɺϣǰż鱦鱦дã˺ݣḻֽ׵⡭˺£˴˵أԯ
𣡡ԯһݡ
̫һ֣ж鱦䱦ǮͳĳߣҵĻԵ䱦Ǯ鱦˶ԯɡĳҲˣĻҪԯȥ򣬹ԲʱʦͿɡ
̫һ֣䱦Ǯͳĳ߽ԯ
ԯ͵һ˸л̫
ӹһɲôĻˣгìܵĶ⡣
鱦Ȼ˵Ӧ˳ǽʱΣ鱦
һᣬԯ˺һᣬл̫
֮󡭡
̫һ뿪ˡ
ԿҪ͵絽Ļ֡
ЩΪɽ磬Щɾͷ硣
ҲνɷĤĴڣǲǿԽõĴ󷨣Ҳ˸ٽԼľ硣
̫ķ˵ҪıԴۣ̫ѾС磬Ҳ޹ؽҪ
羡ĸ򾳽磬ԼС籾Դʱ޾š
ˡ
С̫Ŀĵ
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̫ߺ󲻾òҲҪ뿪ˣõ̫յ㣬ûйǵˡ
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Ļشýһ
֮ǰڤӺܲӦ˶ȷɱãһҾĲҴȲȥңȥ˱𡣡
ԯһ㶣ʥҪСİ
ʥɲܳ
İɣҲ䲻ǲ𣬿˲˲˥Ҿˣο׼ʥԲڤӣ򹦵µԵʣģڤ찢޺̣Ҳ׼ʥڣԸĵġãʦǰⲻҪɽһ򣬾սɡһЦ
ԯԵʣûǰƵӣҲһЩ˵˵еϺ˺
ҪǶԺϤģĿࡣ
Ƴ˲󣬼ֱ춯صı仯ֺ֮ǰƿӵеġ
ԯһĻеѪڡãʥȥսɣսݵ˵ģͣȻġɽǸ֮أΪ忪ٳɽ置ôǱⲻ˵ģȻˣξ塣
ԯˣ뵽ԼԲͺ干ǣȻ뿪硣
ɽ磬µĿʼ
ҵ˻һ·ݻĸǣܷԯԸ
һЦ
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ȫûʲôֻţڴɽ档
Ϊˣˣʼķƣһ·ϣ˿ûй˼Լƣһ·ɧ
ǧ꣬Ķ֪Ϣʥ򡣬ҲǰĺƣĿŵĿʼҳ˱𣬻˼ɣҲڣѹ֪׼
߲㣬úܶ˹Ŀ࿴ǰֻ岻Сӣǿ
ôʥǵһμҪѵ
ųȥһڶڤӣҪڤ׼á
֪ȻܷŭҲףʱĲѾǰĺƣһ׼ʥԲĸ֡
ܵ͵֮ǰͽĵĹ£նȥʬǰʥ˵Ĵѹŭµı仯նȥʬĳɾ͡
ǣʬն˵ΪҲǲ׼ʥԲĶ֣˺ء
ûܣܺʦĽܷ£򲻹ҲҪ



783 Բ
壬ָ̫㣬ԯһʱĸ
ڸĻңʼƹ£Ϊһεʱڣҽ׵ڽˡ
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ҺͶĳ֣Ƽ򵥵ȴȴޱҪãڵԯκͿ飬˴˿ѾĻ
ֻҺͶ⳹׵ΪܣԯҪԲһ̡
ֻʱ仹е㳤
κκģֵǮĻʱˡ
ƹҲú󣬺Ĵ˾޴ĺ䶯ԭǲڴиϵ˱ڤ
ڤԴݴ˵սأҺýսĵطǱڰ޾ûںսǱ֮ǰ̫ѹʥŵá
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ʦȴ֮ĺܾû棬˺أչˡ
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ڤҲҪӵģĴ˱ܡ
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׵֪ڤ뿪ѪҲ߳ɵʵ
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Զ׼ڤռ˵׼ʥԲ׼ʥԲ
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֮󣬲һ仰𺳺ģıڤ𣬶ԪǣǰĳҲ㱨ˡҪӦ˶ҾˡǡߣΪ֮Ҫ鱦Ҽս
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Ļ󣬺޴սƺڵһʱĿ
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֯棬̣з֯ѡЬñᢡձ¡áǡס졢С
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ͨ棬鮡
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ֱԯλ깦Բûҵ͵֮˼̳ԼĹ֮λ
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ˡ
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Ψзˡũԯʣʡػʡ˻ʲ˶Ϊնڡ

죡
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ľŲ̨ϣԯѸأԲ
ֻǴʱĹ֤ߣʥˣܶĸʹȴ
ûʥ壬˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֮ǰս̫뺷干֤ǸӽԵ
֮ܶԭʥˣȴ˺ܶġˡ

콵£ԯǰķ˺ũһ׼ʥԲҲԪ
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ʷˣػũ˻ԯʽԲ
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ǰʥѹ֮ǰĵ̱ȥ˺ܶࡣ
ҪǻʥѹڣǶˣԯǶˡ
ֻʵʵĸ干뷨ɲС

һߡ
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ʱܿȥ۹ȥ͵Ŀʼ
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784 Բر
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ڶ˻ũΪ峹׽ʳƷΪģ˺ҩȣΪ˲ֵĿ顣
ԯͳһ壬˺ĸ׵ĽĴ󻼡
˵˵ĹºΪѾĲ˶ʢʱ
ֻۣ޲Բ塣
λڼ䣬ͳʦҩʦȻ谭ŵĳݡ
˾ݣͳλƼȢоŮб𣬳
ʢ֮磬׽̣ĸļͶʮĽƴΪڡ
λʱ䣬ֻдǰʵһʱ䣬ĸԪѣλڼ䣬ȴķٸӶʢ
ʵߺ͸ĸԯ˻ʵ߳Уʱ
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ҩʦҲĹ£նȥһʬɾ׼ʥڵΪ
⣬򹦵ûԲʱֻ׼ʥڵĲΡ
ʲ˺Զ
෼λȻ̸ֻǻ׼µա
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һλĸԪᣬ˺󹦵ԲλҢۣҲ۵ۡ
Ңλڼ䣬̳ũԯ־ŷͻ
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ħЦߣƷ壬ܳʥ˵˺֮ǰıͱϵʩչͨ빦½ںˡͣǴӹ½бϵģ𣿡
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˵һ٣е㾴ζţò˵Ǵ֮Ų㱻ֲˣ֮֮Ѿް
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Ծô򵥡Цڴǰѣǡ
һ󳩿ĴЦϾҷ̫ô̫ѹ˻Ϊ̫Ϊó̫ѾǻԪ޼ˣС֪Ԫ޼ɴʲô𣿴Ƿ򣬻˵̫ĵǰߣ
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̫ǿ׼ΪҪǺֹܻɱ׼ᡭߣСӣŴ죬ǲǾϵƭ㣬ʥ˲𣿡
ǣħĵ˵ͷ룺Դɱʥˣôô£͵òƲɰ
ʱȰȰ棬ƺطľУȥǵˡ
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Һסˡ
ħֵΪһʥˣ̫ܴɱҸ㣬ʥ˿ϣ̫ʥϡۣôĲ࣬ǻԪ޼ɣںϴ֮ӵĴڣǽɾʥ˵Ŀܣ㲻׵ģ̫ⲻ֪֮Уˣ˵ˣ
˵׼ǵѹˡħе
ԣȻ̫ԣǲ֪Ǳ̫ΪҼѹĻ᣻Բ˵򵥵ĺܣֻҪ޲TںֶΣǹ½أ޲Tħ׼ʧܽ׼꣬ӶɾʥˡȻҪ٣ǲܳɹġ
һıħ뿪ˡ
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һߡ
ɾ޼ʥˣһԺĵϴ
ƺӡ֤ħħ֮ǰġġ⡣
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ɽԵֿʼעˡ
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ϲǰ
̫߱޲TԴ޲T˽ꡣ
У޾ʱ̸оħ˶ĥġ
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ң˺ı仯֤ˡ
޼ʥ˳ͣ뷨һ˵ӵԲ
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ĿˣҪĸϡ
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һ㣬ںɾ޼ʥˣһϴ̫оӦ²ǶԵġ
ǳɾĺģܹ֧ŵġ
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791 ڤ
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ǶڵȻûһ˿Ĺ켣ѭеĲǲġ
½޼ʥˣȻ̫𾴡
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ҪЩԼصҲԼ档
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ڤжȻҪһЩʺڤ飬Ҫڤȥ
˵ҼڤǱزٵġ

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Ҳ޾Сǧ֮Դ󣬱Ȫ֮
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˾̫֮ˣǳΪԼ£ǵ컯̫ôΪ
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ı壬һһźתľ޴״
һɭɭ׹Σ޴ޱȣһѪڤ
е㾪֣벻Լﲻˡ
֮ǰһֱûټڤκ飬Ϊθղ޼ʥ˾Լˡ
ˡ
һʶѺ󣬷ǰһΡĵˡ
ǵ˾޴󣬶Լıڿ˵ʱ򣬱ѹƱСˡ
˵˵˼ֱ˼飬ƺǵ
ԼСĴڣǰʱ
˵򣬸ȻѹƱС
ҪĴڡ
Ȫݼǰһ˻ԺɫԲд
ħǰݼǰħǵ޴üӴֿޱȵ
̫óĲ
벻Сˡ֮壬Ѵ˿̵ıɾͷ̫ࣿʲôû˵벻Ҫ塣
һǣ鲻һ޷֮һ
ֻһԲһһĴڡ
֮ͨ壬Ҳһּ򵥵ۡ
ǿı֮
ڤķ涨ģǳʥˣ߳ڤķ
Ƕֻһ壬һüӴڡ
롣΢΢Ļش
ڤǸ߸ϵ޾
һᵽɼ
ΰĴץԼ
⡭ôǿĴڳڤ磬Ϊۺۺﲻ᣿
ֵԻܲ


792 ڤ
벻Ϊ£汾ڤ硣̫ʡ
һأһԲ㤡
ǰڤƽһҲҶڤͼıǰΰᣬ֪Ǻεȴڣǰ뿪ĺãҪǱ﷢֣Ԥϡ
Ȫüŵڤ𶼲ˡ
һͻ޼ʥ˱չȹʱһ֪ͼıڤļһ
ȻԼڤ磬⣬⡭ֱ
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ڤ磬һʱڤ绹ûݻУڶʱΪֻضǵΣ֪˭̫ǿ֪
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һ׷ӡ֤Ĵ˵󣬺һŰߵĴڣ̫
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ֻи򾳽ʱʺ֮塣
֮ǰû֮壬Ծ˿̲һˣԾ硢Ϊ

֮ͣ˼ĸ̫д
֮÷۵壬ֶδţ̫ǿˡ
ڤķƺǵֱһôָӾôָӣǿ
ʥֻǳѳȥ۷򣬱ʥ˶ǿͺڤһ͡
ƽ̫Եɡ
ȪħףǸصڤ粼һͨĵ
ǵ²ʺڤԼɵżɵָ
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̫һ֣һӡɽϣɽʼŤһƺһڤ磬һδ֪֮ء
Ҳ˵һڤ磬һ̫磬ľɽһݣ硣
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̫ĺأ̫к֪ºɾ޼ʥҲ֪
ֻãӺڤ編ڤ̫ѡ
̫ڤ粼õĵ
һڤɽħǺͻȪ˴ǰǵһء
һ̫ɽ̫ŵ̫ء
һʱħǺͻȪԵϽ̫ɽ
̫Ҳɽȥڤ硣
ֻнӵָ̫̵̫ƣſɴ硣



793 硢ǿ
ڤ𶯣ϵһڤȪڤ빫ǰħڤȻˡ
һȻ͵ľɽš
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ҲǰĴڣ֪һ˿ŵܣʣĲ֪
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ı仯̫꣬Ȼڣֻǳ˹ȴ
ڷ䣬ССɶ಻ʤ
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ԼĸɻС乩λԼ
Լڷ䣬Ѿʿ
иÿɻСֲԼĴ˵
˵ԼǵһˣٵΰĴڣµǧǧԼ
ҲбԼǵν죬ϣһԵԴͷ
ȵȡ
ҲˣʥĸŮ
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㣬̫Ⲽµĵȴз䱬˾춯صĴսʧᡣ
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֮ǰսʱû˵ʱǲţΪƭǣɻ˴ˣȴûƭˡ
еˣţ
Ҳִš
ɺţиͬػ
ػɽ£ǰɽ滹Ǽ١
̫Ǵսʱ̫ȥǿա
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ĴսѾĻ
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̫û⣬Ȼ干ţ˽Ͼǡ
񽻸ʱָɸǾǣʡȥԼѰҷ俴ˡ
ǿգܺ嫣̫֣ǿղӷ磬ɽ硣
ǿΪϡԴ٣Ϊܵͣܵ͡
ǳ飬̫ݷ֣һٺЩԼеĵࡣ
ǿջʱ޿̵ı󣬱ôͱԴϡ͵ԽԽ͡
̫һˣɽ˷ǿյĽ紦
ǿɰȫȥ磬ĸֲȥǿգҪһΪȥһǿմ½
·ϵ顣
̫̫Ǳǿ顣
ĽĲã̫ҲĴǣԼ֣᲻Ĳóִ©
ǣ̫Ƶķ֣ĽΪǿ׼һ
ó󣬺ܿںϽ˷УƺҪš
뵽ǰԼĲ²⣬̫֣ܵȷˡ
Ĵʺš
ʥᱻѹƣ̫ãõȥѹһ硣
̫Ҳû˵ѹˣǱԼˣԼҪʹȻԡ
ܴ󷽰̫ôá
Ͼѹ磬ⲻڰѳͷȨԼ
֮ǰ̫ŸԼȡ׷ʲôģĿˡ
鵫Υ編ģԼͿԶֳͷ
֮󡭡
̫뿪˷ǿգȥɽ硣
Բɾ޼ɽսҲʼˣɽҲˡ
⣬ʥҲҪˣСĽҲҪʼ


794 
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֮ǰ޼ʥ˵ϴɽģһɱ䡣
ڱԯĴ£Ѹٵռ졣
ǳʥ⣬жԱӵģҲҴ⡣
ʥصĸҲ뿪Ϻңˡ
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ϲ򡣬׼ʥԲ
ϼλԼȵȣǿɽ綼е
ԪӺŮи˱չز
һɽûʥ˵Ĵں󣬺ܶһ㣬ƺܿǿʢ塣
ǿ֪
Ҷǻ޾µĴڣǻ۸ߵĺܣڷǿʢгޣʱҪˡ
һĶ֡
ǰ壬ڶɽռ˴֮ǰע˴ǰǵ̣
ìܲɱˣ֮ǰϺҲԸ
Ϻǲжɽ粻һˡ
Ҫ֤ǿʢ˼ҿ֣ڵĶֻ塣
ϷҶѹϵһ
ţв̣ʥ˱ѹˣ˭֪ʲôʱ͹ˡ
Ҳ̲ʥ˵ĵ̣⣬ʥɣԵС
һŵʱ򣬺ìܡ
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ĹˣѸٺԼϡ
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תˣƶǰأԼһЩҪĵתƵ˱
Ҳ˵ĴӪ
山ƶĴ߲㣬桢򡡢ۡ꣩ȣ뼯һãĸĿȷбҪ־塣
ٸ֣ȫɱããø壬Ϊǻۺ㣬¼һǾˡ˳ܲ˵
Ϊߵλߣľ
λߵʡʥԼˡ
µλߣҲΪǸõԵʣĵڶײ㡣
岻ɵǵΪȴȡũɻʵ
ûףһʾڣѺɽ硣
徹Ҵɱ䣬˻ɡ
λڣ뿴ս˵
ߣȻʱǴ˿̣ǻۺܸߵȻ߲㡣
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塢塢塢͵ͥʥ£ǰͲǺһսϣֱض޻ġ϶
ǣ岻ǵĶ֣ѵΪԺǶԿи߲ʡ
ǺǡһЦҪģҪȫһʧ֮󣬲ֵġҪûбʾǾǵƣܴǵźˡ
˵߲꣬ȫĬˡ
ƣƴһȻվϡ
ýͳɽֿͬ塣
ҪǲΪãܴźˡ
һ̾Ϣ˵˵սҲˣҪǵĿ⣿
⣿ее
ʣµȷ
ũһ̾
ԯ磬棬ãξ壬һδǣ֮
ȷսС
ƣǾսɣ֮û취˵
ţũ˵ͷ
߲Ҳͷʾͬ

һߡ
ܵ壬ٸֲǴɱģ˵ȥ˭š
֪ţΪҲ֪˭ҪôǵһĿꡣ
ҲУûţһչʾ־ˣ
˵ܵġ
뿴һˣһ̾Ϣ
ϣ̫ĪҪʧ̫أΪ˱治òʹһЩֶΡ뵽
Ѿ϶嶨սҲ֧Լ
ֻϣԼĪҪԼȺʧغٳ
Ҫǰ㣬ΪȺʧһ㣬ʹһЩԳֶܵΣȻһù
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795 
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ǧȫʲôУȫγںϺѭϳĺġ
ﲻһСûкĵĺ嫣˵ǰ㷢չⲻǲԣֻǻ
ʶѡ˵һǿᣬǶ෽ľ⡣
С̫ܶ࣬ռݵСˡ
̫ԾС磬ûٺ档
ֵһ۵磬̫ڴ
ʴڸӦ˷һ֮һ̫ѡﵱ񡱡
ǻԪ޼ɲεһеĳأ̫ƿƿ޾
̫Сȫû⣬ʶ
̫֮ޱʺϵ
̫νĻ֮ױ任һҾ˵ģ
޾СܹǺĵߣܹǺĵҾһΪ档
̫ʹ˿̻ûģǴ˽ܳҾˡ
ﻹл֮鵮飬ĵˡ
лƵ飬ĵĺơ
л飬ĵ顣
֮֮ⷽһĻ֮۵硣
̫еǣԼʱⷽںһս
ŷ֣ǺҪ̲С磬ЩСҲ̲С磬Ȼ׳
ͻ֮ڵжԵһܾ⣬ƺĵС磬Ӷ࣬顢ħָԶС
̫̽һǿĿǰ֮һ⣬Աһ硾硿Ҫǿ
ǿһڡ顱ɵ壬翪ٵصһ飬Գƣ硣
ƿ硣
⣬ǵڶǺܾúܾ֮ǰľͲֵת
ҲкʹǰͣƬ壬һЩࡣ
̫һ֪ԭ֮ǰʱƬΪǿյǳ
кܶ࣬⡱޾С硣
ĵƬ޾С˵ջСݻ
ԺȻģ޾С粻֪Ǻעһƻ
Ƭɽ磬ЩСֻм򵥵ĹʶǱܵĸоЩƬǵĽô޴
˲úңǾ̲ˡ
ˣ̲ںĵƬӵı¶ǵλãĵƬôġ
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ͨƬ֪֮أͨųġƬϵЩС硣
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˵廹кܶĺȺ
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ԭǺĵһȺǺܶС磬ԼǧСУһǰȺ塣
޾С磬ǧС磬ټϺĵ壬֪Ϊôǿˡ
̫֮󣬾͸оԣ֪֮ڹ硣
ͨͺһֶΣ˺飬Ӷ̲С硣
С߾ⷢչԷչ˵⣬ʵȲϵһĻ֮硣
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ǵעأԼˡ
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֮ʶӦǻԪ޼ڵĲΣ䲻˵ùֿܼ򵥣ʶǻԪ޼ɳڵĲΣȫѹơעνԪ޼ڣСܺ͡
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̫ܽһ¡
Щʥ˺׼ʥԼģʶġ
˵ȲзϣΪս磬رԴ۵ġ
֮ǰ̫ΪԼģɺһ̽鷢֣Լˡ
С磬ô֣
һĸֶȵϺһǿʢһĴˡ
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֪ΪսرԴģ׼ʥһ
׼ʥС绹ǱȲˡ
׼ʥǶµĹۣⶨ˵ϸô׼ʥںĳܷΧڵģ˱˿
СĲһǲǶµ׼ʥʶƸ۵ĴͲԶˡ
׼ʥʵھ硢ͨΪȣǴġ
׼ʥĵ׼ʥһɡ
⣬Ҫһ㣺ȫһεĶԱȡ
С׼ʥм鱦һƵľѵÿɹˣ
ĵ׼ʥأƷ鱦С
Ʒƣʮ˵˵ǲܱȵġ
̫Щʥ׼ʥһܺõĳƺƷ
ܹʥˣʮһ׼ʥǺɳһʥˣ߰˸׼ʥܺɨ
̫ˡ
̫򵥵̽һ֮󣬸о磬ȫԳΪĵһ̲Ŀꡣ
Ȼ̫Ҳ֪ʼĹС磬Ǽ򵥵ġ
ֻкĵ޾С约ˣĿĿʼ
ЩסС磬ڱܵԱʹָ£ҵĺϲںϣǿС硣
ǺĵĶ֣ڵһС磬ûзĻᡣ

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Сٵı֮Ϊ£ǰ·һǲӦҵָһնɱ㣻ǳΪ֮£ȥĳǣ
ӹɵСϢʱ䣬񡣡
̫˼ĶԱȣԼͺĵĶԱʱ
룬ȱȱ˵Ļ֮ˡ
ν֮ǻ֮ĵʥ˲εļһ
֮ʶʶ֮ǰ̫̲ʶܷ֮յһᡣ
kǿǿ󣬸Ҫ
˺˵ˣ֮֮ˡ
˭ӮȻ̲ˣ˾ʶʤĺܴ롣
̫ҹġ񡱣ȱֵĵˡ
̫¶Ĳ̫ҽɣԲģһ޲εļһ
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ˣԸΪ֮սΪ֮С硣̫
ܺС˺ǵľǴ޲εĸֺ⡣
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Сͻ֮С֮ȫԭΪ֮ʥˣֻ
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̫㣬û飬սʽֶΣȻǰɵ֮һʥˣȫ̴ߵΪ
һܾˣµøңԼȥ󣬴źʱٲҪʧ

սϣ
𡪡
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սϣһĻ
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ѾĹעսֵ̫һеŭ̧̫Ȱѡ塱޲εҾˣˡ
㣿̫һӵͷĿһ޺ڵĻ֣֮ĿɿڴĿ̫٣һʱûӦ
˲˼̫ˣҲСĲˡ̫ε
⣬⣬⣿ע㡣޺ڵĻֵ֮
ǣ̫æػ
˺ɱս
һᣬԻ·Ļ֮޺ڵĸ֣ɻֻ̫ҲΣôСĲ˴޲εĸ֣ⲻ԰
԰ⲻ԰޺ڲεĻ֣֮ˡ
󡭡
̫ڿֶΣԼһЩȱݡ
̫ףˡ
֮ǰ̫˻ڴսλʥˡ
Ȼ̫Ҳ֮̾ġȱݡǸʼղ֪ﲻԵĶӳ⼸һֱƺ뿼ﲻԡ
̫ע⵽ˣֻûᡣ
һģ޺ڸڱһ󣬶̫Ѱ˼ﲻԡ
ɺȻ䣡
䡪
ֻ̫ʢţ֮أȫſˡ
ˡ̫Ӱ˸ʱλսʥǰ
㣿

ĿɿڴĻ֮֮ȻԼǰһˡ
ЦеĿԼšûнˡ
ԼܶˣȻ΢Цġˡһ֣ǰһھͲ֪ˡ
˿ûʲôҵķʥսûֹͣ
ֱ̫ͱߵĵ֮ʧսźȻһֹ
԰԰ʥˣһ޸֣⡭һֱϸ̫Ĵ޺ڸ֣ˡ


800 ʥ
ɽ綫
ԵõͿʼչء
ȶ˵ģ㾡ͻʥ˵ĲΡ
죡
ֻһѹɨ˴ǰ޼ʥ˺ͻƣʥͻƵѹȥС˺ܶࡣ
Ȼʥ˾ʥˣʥ˾ʹһΧڵ޵С
¡
ϣڻĹţõ̫ţ޾ѣճʥѹˣء

ʥ˳ӿ֣ԲԵʣʥ棬ʥҪǿ˺ܶࡣ
磬ɽһƬͣӿ֣
֮ɵ飬ͷϣֻɢѹ
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ܶ಻Ե𺳣ʥض룬ˣȻ˽ճʥ
˻ش䣬ÿһζһλ˵ʱѵƶȻûץסʱĻû־Ѿ̭ˣܶе㲻ġ
ʥǾȻһ֪ʲôǺûʸ֪ܡ
ʥѹԪӺŮʥоչزҪʢˣ

ʥȻѹ޾ʥˡ
įķֻ֣һʧǧźޡ
ΪǰĴǴһʱʥô뻹Զ
˵ԼųȥˣƺҲ޼¡
ʥһ̾Ϣ˭û˵δ޾㯡
Ψһֵø˵ǣѹʱԽԽǷϵɺɫ˺ܶࡣ
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һߡ
޾飬ʥʱ
ɽϷһʥ
ϣ̹źᣬڻĹţõ̫ţճʥѹˡ

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һʥ𺳣֮еľ
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Ϸ˻ֵĺ󣬷ԵڻĹţԼʥˣʥ˾ʹ𡣵Ȼǰǵ
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Ȼ
Ϊ˼ʱ򣬺Ȼ䡭
ɽ룬ֻһʥӿ֡
ϣ룬ڻĹšճʥأ

ʥˣһʥ˵֮ȫʥ
ܶ鷢֣Ϊʥ˳ʥԵʣλʥ˵ĳ֣ĵŨ֮Ũ˺ܶࡣ
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ʥǿʥˣĴڶԺܶС˵ǻѹȡ
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ܶһֱ룬׷ʥأʥ
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ĳʥļû鲻ļ䡣
ɽУǰսĻǱΪ͵ۿ߲Ѿȫս
Ȼûʥˣúܶ˾֡
ɽ磬壬۵СһЩ顣
кܶǿĴڣǴʱսս߳ģľѾ衣
ûг׵ʧʥǵģ᲻
ȻֵûãɽܶС͸ָ˵档
ۿʥˣǵʳʥˡ
֮ǰսۿ˶ĸ֣ӴĶ飬֪ۿʾôˣ
˿̣Ϊʧ˵ʱ£Ȼʥ
ϣ˵ۿõͣΪʣճʥͼѹˡ


Ƕû
ȻǵԼǰµĴǣ͵طʱڶ
Ǿϲ󣬷׷ǰʱ»죬ղŻǵ壬ƺˣڣʲô
һʥľ档
֮ǰһ׼ᡢˣͬһʥҲˣһʥ
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һʥȻһʥǴʲô
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һʥ̫żиӦ˿̵һʱ°һƷʥˣС硣
СĴĻҪԼͻغġ
СС
˾µĥѾ˳
Ԫһɾĺһĳɾͣݾųɾ޲Tһĳɾ͡
죬ʥˣߵˣһٻ˳
Ԫһݾţ
һ𶯵˳ɾʥһʱˡ
ԳʥѾܾûѹȵĸо
˺Ȼ̫ӰʱȻֻоתʱ顢ݱ䡢仯Բ
޾ֻ޷԰ΣһֿĸоȴΪĲԵʣ𵴡

ֻоˣƺһлصԭ㣬͵ؾѵ˿̫
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˼ǵ޾ǰ
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̫һ֣ǡ
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ǶȤζǸݺ޲Tġ
鱦ƷĲΣֻʺСʹãС編ۡ
˷ۣƷ鱦Ԫһȣɳͽ飬ɡ̫۵Ԫһȴ͸Ԫһ
չС磬ǿ鱦Ҳͺ鱦ƷĲΣڲɵõ鱦
̫Ǹһ裬Լúת硣
лʥԪһĽӹԪһȣ־ǸԼ鱦Ա
ֵ̫ݾźɣҲƷ鱦
˵ְ꣬Ѽĺݾš
ݾҲĽӹ̫һ
ˣԱٻʹȦ״̬У˼̫˺鱦
˱ΪʥټԼԼҪĽָʾ
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ƺǾһΣޱȵʵ
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ʥ˵ˣúְĺ˻д裬һ룬ָֻˡ
̫Ҫ˵ģ·һ£Ȼ뽻̸
˹켣̫鱦󣬾Ͱ˴ˡ
ߺ̫뱾Դ֮أȥλӡ


ʯ顢ѡޡˣǰһ̻ڱչС
һ̾ͱ̫ˣӻһƺô¡
̫һ̣ȫˡ
ݼʦ𡣡
һݣ̫ĵ˵ͷӶնȥħɾ׼ʥڵΪ
ħһԶˣûԼڴԲĴﵽԼԤڡ
ƣȻˣнغİɡ̫˵
ڵħնʵ޵˴̫аս󹥷СʱԼӱʥ˶á
޴ڣǺĻ޾С磬ǵΪû˿ѹơ
ùܣȺĵ׼ʥǿĶࡣ
ĵ׼ʥҪȥ޾С磬Ȼܵ޾СʶѹƣǱ̲ںƿء
޿ɸĵıѹʵľ档
ʯǲһ޵ǴδһܺСƷʥϼغˣ򲻹ܻǿԵġ
ֻҪǿŬдںģĻǴ裬繦¡ˡ
һħһԶˡ
֮󡭡
ʦͽһ˴̥Ĥ˻С
̫ûдλӴ磬ԼӦ硣
׼ʥڣڻУҲΪС׼
Ӧһ»硣
㣬ӦԺѾǧʱ䡣
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û͵ĳ棬ȥʱɣʱѾΪ硣
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޷ǸԻصɣȴٻ̫ӻ˻֣˵꣬Ҳ뿪ˣС
ʥͱԴŨ˺̫ܶ࣬ܵĵ
ʥ˵ͽĻڡ
ԹСˡ



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ʱ£˵Ǵǰĺޣ͵ǻۣǰйսˣǰЩޣ̽鷢֣֮Ժɱ֮֮ҿ޾ڰΪ˺ܣֻӭһһĹҲûô̽鵽ǵȫǺǿڣƤëȶϼѵġ
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ֻɽ磬ǿϢ׼ʥкΪϢһɽ鷢ֶ֣ȥˡ
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նɱС飬ƲСʶĨkıܣı䲻˵kĹһ޲
˷СıԴѣk𣿡

̫˵ˣԼֻƶ𲻵Եã𵽾ԵĻǺԼ
ǾͺܺˣҲеΪѡ
ȻԼ˲ҪôԼĵõôȣеǶǰ
̫ǵĹǣֵһСֻǿʼ֮ںϣǷҪõĿʼ𣿡ֻҵȿɹС磬СҲɾۼ𣬹ġ
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С̫ˣ෽ںϺǲסʱǱĵĿʼ
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ԣ˻£ܲ
סֱӣҲһµķ緶ϻ˵˭ǿ˭ϣ͸ɡ
ݴɸѡʱۿһ̫һʱ˭̫һƾʲôһ
˺͵һ£Ƕʴˡ
̫һ˵ƽǲһһ
̫֮һд˽һһһ٣̫һŽ

ǻ磬ȻĪ⡣һĸ߲
ǿѹƣ治ֳϦĸо˵
ĺģ档һ׼ʥתŸ̥Ĥĺģһ¶
ԣһ֪ûˣȫֲǣףڵ
ףǣһݲҲ֪ңޱ˵
⻹ǵһ˵⻹ǿĵԵʣܰȫŽΣաһָ̾

ܶһνģʱˣеļеĽš
Щ˵Ǿ磬Իһ֪ģѹƺͿ־塣
𣡡
䡢䡢䡪
Ȼ䣬ֻ޺
ֻĸ޴Ӱ̥Ĥ۳Ĵʥ޵ģ
˵еĴʥޣ
˵ԭģ˵Ĵʥغļ
ǿô峤ǿĸо
˻ֲ˹

ʥ޵ĺȻ֣ŵòᣬҪǼ̫ΪǶ̲סг鱦Դˡ
ʥں޲T̫ûɾͻԪ޽ǰǾڣɾ˽ʥ˵Ϊ
̫һμ׻ʥ޵ʱлǻԪɣ׼ʥڣʱ׻׼ʥ塣
źݱʥĸǿ
˴˿̡
ʥʥ˴Բ˵ε޼ʥ˲Ρ
Ȼǿˡ
Ĵʥޣ̫ܾδˡ
μ𡣡ʥ޲Ϊ޼̫أǲңԴ
ʥ޳̫Ķǵһμ
Ǿȵķ֣ǵ𣬻֪жǿҲ֪ء
˵еʥޣ˾Ͱݣ乧ģԼʱһģһ
䲻ԣҲԵĸ̾ǿ
Ϊ̫
ָʾںϽС̥ĤҵҲ׼׼СнһգѺѹǡ׻̫죬İݸ̫
̫֪ǵ뷨ˡ
Ϊ˽б޻ҲΪ˽С̥Ĥǿõ׼
ƣ֪ˡ̫
ǣҵл𡣡ʥ޹˺ֵף쿪ʤ
˵꣬һݺڽ˺̥Ĥʧˡ
оѡ
ǲԣǸоǿء

̫һ£Ƿ硭


802 ƻ֮
ȣȱٻɱȥڡ̫վڻ֮СĿռǰ
ǣ𡣡
ǵȴ̫ڵ̽飬̽䲻ĽȥС
̫С̥ĤǰѰ׻ʥ޸̥Ĥϣͻ׹⣬ʧ̥Ĥǰ
̫ȴһڡ
ˡһһ㡣
̫֣ӳԴĻ֮ʱ䲻Լﱩ¶ˣ̫һƺˡ
֮ǰԼߵĵ֮Լһֱûᣬǵ֮˻֮С籾Դۣ֮ͨĸӦС籾ԴʶӦԼˡ
𡪡
ɱ
С飬ܽӵһָɱǰˡ
ǲҷҲܵų̫˵־̫ϵѹ޷ˡ
ಡ̫ʧˡ
ʧ˻֮磬˻С
𣿡һ㶣ôͻˡ
λǴ¶ˣûʲô˵ģɱȥɡ
ֵ̫ʥǰ棬ֵʥˣ׼ʥȥɡ
ǣ𣡡
˺η壬˶ǴѪлģηս˷ܣʥ˲Σ⻹ǵһս
ಡಡಡ
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ÿ˵ֵһΣƺӦС
רǰֻףڿ̫һԵӺܲ˺ףڣأǻ֮С˭һս
ߣһ˺ԯ֮˭һս
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һɷһֳ޷죬һֳԯԲ
ںӭǵĹһæҺӦ˱ѹƵʵҲ˻֮繥С
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ֿס˻ֹʥȻǿĵˣʥನúԶ
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ǣԴдһָɱȥ޻أ
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¡
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ԯ쿪ʤ˺ļ
鱦ֶַΣ䱻ѹ˺ܶ࣬Ȼǻ֮ɱȵġ

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ӡһȻʼԱˡ
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εľˡ
̫һ̾׻֮ˣҲãƻѾʵ֣ԼҲȥԼĶˡ
ۿ½ǣ˸̫ȥƿСĸĤ˺ǣˣúʶ
ǣ𡣡롢һϲŵȥжɱȶԸʥõöࡣ
տʼ֮ʥܽеȤ֮ûȤˡ
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ҪǴʶǲͱ͵ۿնɱˡ
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׼ʥǣȻ֮׼ʥεķֻʣĸ׼ʥˣĸʮ˷ֵġ
⣬Ҳ÷ųԼ£֮׼ʥ׼ʥΪǣĥĻˡ

ų˱ڴڵԼ̫Ҹ֣׼һʼһ·ɨ

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֮ǰĴɱ׼ʥԼСʥˣֻǽ߲ε顣
л֮޾ҪΪǲֻۣ֮Щȫˣܸƿ硣
ɱħħһ·ɨ˴˸Ż֮ľͷȥ
ѡȴϴһصʱ˱Ѻ飬Ǵǰսʱ֮°顣
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һǣֻҪƿĵϸȽʱ򣬾ƿˡ
һ֡
ӡ飬Լķӡ⿪ˡ
㣬㣬ǵģӮˣһСĵʡ
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˵꣬ûôµ飬ȫѻˣΪϸϢһû£ȫѻˡ
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磬ȫǻܣֲñ𣬻áԼһͷղˣֻܿԼķ
̫ˣˮ֮ݲκεĵڻ֮ܵľ
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ߣл֮磬ˮ硢ľ硢ȵȣףҲ͵һᣬô죿˵
˵꣬׵ͷʾͬ׶Ǵĵһ֮磬ǳȫףڣѹǡ
ףһԴԼôû뵽


803 ˴
·Σںʥֻ֮Źǰ
ĸ֮׼ʥ㼶ĴڣԼնɱ˾ųɺʣĻ֮顣
Щ˷û·Ǳʥ²סˡ
ʥƵ˴һɨһֻŹǰ֮۵顣
ʥҩʦӡ౦׼ʥʥ´޽̫ҽɵĵӡ
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ûʴһ˵Ҳֲ̫βӵС
ӵʴֻǰĻһø³
ο˵ʥ£Ϊ˼ʦֻƴܾȳʦǱ
˵ǲ㣬СҲ⣬ʱȫ𣬲ȫġ
ۡ
֮һ׼ʥһлɣ˺أۿǻˡ
׼ʥ֣սǲԫϱڣʬ塣
ʬ岻࣬ҲԼųɾŵǻ֮ʬ塣
֮磬ŻǰһƬǽ壬Һ֮粻Ļһ˵
֮ǰɷң飿׼ʥˣҪʱĵʡ
ƾϻҵȣ顣չǰԸ
ģģǿ硭˵ꡭ
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ɱ´
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¡
֮׼ʥʣµĴ̫ңɵȲε飬ܿ챻նɱˡ
ںֻ֮ŻǰʥϺͣ
ؽ̹ʥĸˡ̵յһ̾Ϣ
侭ʦѹĲпᣬչûĽѣɱĻ֮飬һ̾Ϣ
Ȼֻ̾Ϣ廳һ£Ҫľ棬Ȼ֡
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֮ŻǰˣиĻ֮磬ǰ˴ɨһ·
չ鲻ȫչ˵Ǵʹ˷ֿû˻֮׼ʥڣÿ鶼׼ʥ֣ȫԺɨһ
ƣʦ˵Ķԣð˴רǰҲҪĹףʦ˵
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ǾŬȥƿرԴĸĤȻúȥɡ
һֻʶѣô顣
ϾֻҪƿСıԴʶ
ת֮ķû֮תһķ
ʱЩ֮ͻΪĵһӡ
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ߣ˾ͶˣֻҪʦǲںҪˣʦǱͷģҲٵģһҪʦһο˽ֻһ棬ֵһᡣ̵ʮԼȼƣڲͣҲɲǵĶ̵̡ʥ˱ͷֲʥ˵Ƕö࣬ˡۺ˵һҪһʦ
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ú󣬽ؽһܿͥһ
Բ룬κΣ֣ʣµĶΪ
Һ̫ĸ̫࣬Ļͽ𵤣ҵĲ׼ʥĲΡ
ǣǶˣҽд
̫׽Ǹһ˲ţϿ鵤ҩΪóս
ۣ֮ͥ˵һ֣۵ıˡ
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۵ĳνȴû۵ʵȨѾ˳ܵļޣȥ״״ЩĻ쵰
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Ȼǻˣɴ˿̣ۿؽ׷ȫԼԼĹ̲ͣסˡ
££ɣɰ̫׽ǲģô᲻۵ܡ
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̫׺۵ܣ£չһ̫ϳҿ϶Ҫɨһ󣬷ǻûɺɨһ·ǾԻǡɨ£ýؽȥɣǣǡ̫仰̫û˵ڶΡ
̫׵˼ʵףֻ˵ĺתˡ
а̫ˣ磺۲ʲô취ѵĺͽؽ̷һ
磺Ҫǲ׬ȡͣɨһ󣬾Իᡣ
磺ʧСѾ˺ܶˣ֮ĸ߲ȫնɱɱϾһС磬ܼʧȥˣؽ̺ǺҲ
磺
֮˺ܶ˼ÿ˼޾κ̫ˡ
Ϊָۣϲ㡢ؿ
̫׽˵۸ıܡ
ڳϲ㣬ǲڵġ
ңңãǺܺá
ŭգȴĬĬģּ˳޵СϣһЩ쵰ȫˣ״үǰ


804 ͨ١
͵ۿܣǰƷʥ˴Ͳˡ
ҪնɱնɱˣҲһʥˣȻʥ˵նɱеͣ޿ܡ
ǣ롢쵰Ȼٻȥ
뵽ǰԼĿ⣬Ǿͱ
ɿѪĵһʥ͵ڶʥֲҪɱһꡣ
Ҳ֪쵰ȥˣ

֮籾Դ֮أ͵ۿǹҵ̫͡쵰һıԴ֮ء
ǻ֮ıԴ֮أʵ
ţֻҪƿرԴܹͨʣµľǺˣҲԲ̲񡣡̫˵
˵е㲻
˵籾Դֻܺʥ˺ʮ׼ʥʮ׼ʥնɱܵѹƵļᣬѲⱾԴ֮ػиֲɣʵ
ƿ˵رǾ֪ˡ̫Ҳûͣƿ˵
ƿݣ̫оġ
ɴǰľ飬ƿıݡ
ʱ磬ʶյûã򵥵ĺܡ
˿̣֮ʶĺܣֱС磬֪
ҴرԴܺͣǻԪ޼ĲΡ
ǰƿʱıԴʶֻǻԪ޽Բѡ
óеĲ࣡
˺󣬴ƿ˱ݣ˺汾ڣסСֶΣú𣿡̫
ҵףֻǣֻǡһ亹
ģ᱾ų̫ǱǲصĹ̫
ǵģ𡣡˿
ô˵ʶǻԪ޼εģֻʥˣҳܻԪ޼εرԴɨ
رԴʶһоǡ
Һ̫ų̫ӻ
˵꣬뿪̫
ֻ̫ƿʼۡ
¡

С籾Դ֮ؿʼƺΣա
Ҳ̫ǿԴܱ֮ߣ̫ܲѹ顣
ÿǱԴ֮أҪ̫ڻ֮ͷѹܻû¡
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̫ʱ֣һ̫޴һУһˮһȥˣû廨ŵֶΣֻһ۵ĹâԴıݡ
Զˣ̫ſѹǾе̫ѹĿ겻ǣֻǱԵʣǿסˡ
̫һгֺ𵴣ǸһλԪ޼ںϵʽʥ˷ƿܱȵġ
˲Ҽȥˣӡ塢̹ŵˣظԵԪ
Ҫ㣬浣ıԴ
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ģԼҪǵʥԼô
˼ǰûа취ǵõһ֣סʥ֮һ˫߽һС
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ôҪǵԼԼҲӲʥһֱסһһеľ档
Ҳ뷨Ϊʥ˺ںԲǣһ֮ǰ̫ѹ˵ľ档
뷨һ̣Ҳʼˡ
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ͬʱΪʥͬˣҪǣҲԼ˿̵ĸܣܽһӣҲҷɣ
ҺԼõʱҰĿͷС磬ĲΨһҰʩչ֮ء
һߡ
ಡಣ
͵ۿһɵֻۣоһ¶ûȴӾǰĵһ͵ڶʥѾ⡭ˣ
ˣһ㱾ԴԪû¡
⣿͵ۿˡ
ǵ𡣡͵أͬ
Ҳϻ׷Ѱǰ̫㼣Դ֮ظ
ǻ֮ıԴʶΪ˵ֶ̫ΣʼջһеıԴˡ
һ͵ڶʥǻ֮籾Դ۵ģƷǿܣΪȻҪ׳֮ıԴ
ڻ֮طȴûб仯Ǵķۡ
Ļ֮飬رԴ޷ջǵıԴġ
˰˴ûиоȻǰɨǰٺɨ


ĹΪһ鱻ʧȥоԳĹ
̫ںϵһУ˻֮ıԴϡ
ͨͨ
롢ˣõزһЦನõزǻɣԼʥ𣿲񰡣
ǣ
ΪڣȻƱԴݵһ̡
Ǿȵķ֡
ǱԴһѺۣĵۿˡ
һһѺ˲ֲˡ
ⲻܣǿķ
Ȼûƣ
𾪵
̫һôǿĹûƣ
ֻܶá֮ͨˣûκεİ취
ԼղѾ˳֮⣬ķ֮ˡ
ߣ̫Ҳеŭ𣬷һУȻûƣԼˡ
ˣ
ʱ飡
֮һͨǰ˵һУǵһ̫ͨʩչķ
⡰ʱ顱Ŀǰ̫֮ǧͨУʩչǿ֮ͨһ
ʱ顱ռ侲ֹʱ侲ֹںϺġʱվֹԼʱվֹеȫ顱
Ͼǡ֮ռͨ١
ڡ١һͨʱաֻءеȵһжǵͨ
̫˼ҲǽͨĿǰ̫ʩչˡ
Ҫ١һͨٵ̫κ
Ȼ̫ظˣȷʱʩչͨ١
̫ȴͨʱռԴһ֮
Լʱռ컯Ĵģ컯һָ
⣬һ˸ȴûдںϵģγɿա
⡰֮컯һָγɿաƽǿղ⡰ʱ顱ġ
ռͨ١֮¡
̫аաʱ顱ƿݣҡʱ顱Ҳʺƿݡ
ÿͨиԵĳǡ١ռͨ
Ըи棬ʱ顱ʺڴ˵ء
Ȼ
̫֮ʩչȲϡ֮ͨеһС
ʱ顱̫ǿʩչǰıԴݡһƿˡ
ţֻ̫ԥķų̫
̫ҪԵģǻ֮رԴĹû̫ķ̫ԣѾ֮ǰСʱçײ
ǴԾ˿ͷˡ

̫һк롢ȺԥĽķ֮¡
ʱ֮ıԴʶƿݵһɲֻһϮ
ܿ£̫ͬǰСһıԴ
̫ǲپһαԴĶԿˡ
УѸٵַų˺ǣ
֮ıԴȴ̫סˣ̫롢˿
ҺҪ̫æҵķˣܻᱻĨԴ
һߡ
ֻһɫĹâԴǺıԴ֮أ;޾硣
Խ˲̥֮ĤȻɫĹâ̫ƿıݣ˻֮籾Դ֮ء
ûһǹ֣ⴥǴԽ磬ֻ֮磬ʵƿ֮ıԴ֮ء
ɫâĵ̫˿
Դʶⶫǹ
Ǹ־ۺϣһ
֡ó໥Դ̲õһ֮Կ̫ѣ̫õӡ
̫˿ˣֻҪػ⡰ǡû֮۳ķʥնϾС
˭Ӯ˭䣿
̫Ӧû⣬ָʤһʱ䳤̶ѡ
Ȼ
̫һ˵ʱ
ֻ֮籾Դ֮أ˲ʥˣܻ֮籾ԴʶĲٿء
նǻɫġ֡ѺȻ֮籾Դʶ
סǡ̫˲롢
ֻҪס֮籾Դʤˡ
ǣֵ֪Ļˡ
𺳺ĳ֣Ϊ˳ɻ
ͱʣɵͺá
óֶΣס۵Ĳʥˡ
һߡ
Դʶ໥̲һռݾԵϷ磬֮ıԴʶһ㱻ʳ
̫˵˵ͷϣ


805 ̲
ʥ˵Ĺڻ֮ѹԽԽС£롢ԽԽɡ
źɻ֮ʶ롢ˣڹСĺ飬Ƕеˡ
ǰѹһΪô˴˿̣ѾֻѹɵΪˡ
Ϊ˽ȿ˺ܶ࣬Ϊǽȿ죬ԺСɸ졣
ಡಡ
һᣬ͵ۿˣ롢쵰Ȼŵ׬ˣһջ
˴εòٹˣ֮ʥԼɱģԼģԼֻǲסһᣬ˴οϧˣ͵ۿ뵽
̫
ռϷ磬ڻ֮繥޲ˣ̫ʼıСˡ
˴εĿ磬ֻҪȰ̲󣬹ԼһˣҲںһӡ
Ͼ̫ҲڵźôôںСʱԼܹһЩرԴ
̫ľǻԪ޼㣬ΪǻԪ޼һ㣬СرԴΪԪ޼ĵز
Ԫ޼ɣÿһһ޴̨ס
ֻһȥʱ䣬ﵽΪĲΣѷɾ͵
ˣ̫Ż֮籾ԴջʥˣֻҪʥ˱ջأͱʾţ֮ȫıԴںϺ󣬵ֿĹ
ҷʥ˱ջأʾԼڴѾá
ֻ̫Ҫʥ˱ջأұԼֹ֮ɱ¾ȻС硣
СҲԼ˷غģʱ̡
Ȼʱ䡣
ʥ˵ĻָԽԽ
ԤʾŻ֮ıԴѾֲʥ˵ĻָҪȵĶ;ƿˡ
ʮꡭ

ֻʥα롢˻ΣҲûбָ
롢һãһٶʱ䣬ŷˣֶζʩչ
ΪִԷйеĹοЩ׬ȡ͡
ûһߵ͵ۿۺĲ
ˣ
ʥɢ֮籾Դ֮һ
ʱˣ֮ǰƽɫıԴռ䣬˿ѱɫռ߳ɶࡣ
ԤʾţѾ̲С߳ɶ࣬ʣµĲɻԽԽ졣
𡣡ɻĿ̫
ˣǵˣɵıԴ۲ʥ˵ģʣµú̲ͺãȥټǵ֣ȥС硣̫
һ˷ܣҪһ磬æӦǣ𡣡
Ѹٵʧ˴˵أȥٻڹĺ顣
̫һȦûд©֮뿪ˡ
ڻ֮ϿգԹһֻϢצ
ϣǱɱĻ֮ԹûкĽ֣ЩԹγ٣ֱ֮
ںϽģԹɺ󣬿ܻĴһԹ
οСֻزȫҪǱںϣЩԹȥֻת󣬾ܳΪĵıԴ顣
ò˵ҲͺԲǿ磬ɵĽԹҪ硣
νһһģ춨
֮鵹ùվ̫ĲοûеùǾ޴ĻԵ
ȷһļûˣȥˡ
һתģɱɺĵ飬γĻԵ
˵ĳɾĴ⡣
˵֮ǰ;ĲԶˡ
ֻҪͻԵʥ˶ܳɡ
ǲܵģ׼ʥǱġ
ûһ߲εĻᡣ
Ļᣬֻкʵ֡
⣬һֱڽģڶԱ˵ʥȻǿĴڣ˭ܱ֤źĵĽδʥһοɴﵽأ
Ͼ̫˵ǿĸţջʱѹơ̹־ѹơûκεָȵԭ򣻵ħӽɲ̫ҶҪһ١
أûѹơȫƵԼҪһ
´˿̵飬Ҫɾ̫ҽɣ̫Ǹʱǿ̶Ⱥ֮һ
Ǻܱĺô
Դ˿̵̫ҽɣδδʥˡ
ܣֻ˵ܣܽɾʥˣɾ̫Ҵɡ
ǰ˳ֱ۵ĺô
̫ã֮鲻
Ͳǳ׵ˣֻǱɱһѣһΪһ飬õĴ
̫˵ǰüֻҪԴûɢȻһˡ
̫˶Ժĳʴȣеʥĸ⣬Աǲںģ϶ѡ

һᣬʥѰ˴ȫټ˹
ɢɢʮ壬ס
ºͥ˺ܶࡣ
̫ȥֵ̿ĵͷҶӣͷһš
ĲѾɣҪȥһ磬Ҳ֮ǰ˵硣ȿ˳ģ̫ʵ
̫˲ģҲĲ̵ģʵ

һ˳ĶûС
ðɣ̫Լʴˣһ̰ģһʴȵģ
Ϊ˹ǿɱʱĲ̣Ĭ֮󣬻ļɱǺĵ顣
ãһ磬ƺĵľ磬Сĺܣ˴ľ飬ȴ˺ܶࡣȻˣǾȥ񷣡硣̫˵
̫˵꣬һģд޴
Լ͵Ĳ
Լе飬Ȼ˵ȣ
ΪȲˣ⣬⣬ɶҲȲ˰
ǵҵףǱضú޾С磬ຣݲȣ˵Դǣ֡ݲȺԴǡѾΪõκôˡ
ľȻհ̫˵ɶɶ
һˣ̫һЦо˺ܶ࣬ĵº˵㣬Ǹ߸ϵĵѹˡ
ҵȻ̿֡
ҵȡ
ƨ׷׶ʥˣֱҪ߸ʥ˵ڴ
룺꣬ƨʥ˶ôȥвǹˣ
ˣ̫ȵ
ԼˣԼŪá̫Ҫˡ
ΪһҪƤ̫ǳ
ǺǣҲ˵ֻЦЦ
ڰ컯Ҳⲻɣ
ԼģϺǺһЦ룺ҵɣʹܴһӡ
СԹ鱻ںϺ󣬻תɾһĺıԴ飬ʣѵȣѵǻԵֵ̫
⻰˵꣬飺⡭
͵һ㶣ԭǡҪС顣
֮Լ˺ףǸԲ磬ʥ׼ʥǲзϣߵļޡ
ʲôδ
˵ģΪĵһ㣬ǾͲһˡ
ǸˣֻҪлԵֻҪŬҲûгɾ׼ʥһ졣
˿ȷȰ
һ룬Уȷʥĸûˣһ㶼ûˣԽûһ˿Ĺǡ
̫ˡ
˵ͷϴˢԼġҪ
׼ãߣ
ǣ
׼ʥ֮µ飬Աһĸ
׼ʥεģ̫ɳ˻֮磬ȥС硣
ú󡭡
̫뿪ú
죡
¡
֮СһдĻ֮飬Ȼеһ¶
˺ȻʱͿռ䣬ԼһеľֹҲžֹʶԡ
ڻУֻһһɫǣĿġ
ǻɫ֮ǰĺʶ
ⷽС磬ѾһоֹĻ֮С硣
ǻ֮类̲Ŀʼ
֮󣬻֮ᾫ֮سɾͺɽ
ĵطںϽķ硣
Թᱻڤת
˺ɳ׵̲



806 ̫ľ
̫һˣڻУ׼ʥϵĸ֣ĸ̫Ĳ
̫ûߣǼڻд
ԭǾ仰ֻǿʼ
޾Сα̲СķӦϴָǻںϳǿС硣
С粻ףܵˣǹĶпܡ
ʱҪֿҪ֣ܿҪսÿС磬ǻС
ڻд̫ԺĿ顣
ֻжԻϤˣĴսУи漸ʡ
⡭̫ĵҲǿ󣬽ս̫չȫ֣ôԤʾţ̫ƿµΣ
ҪľԶֻܿԼ

޾Զʱ򣬶̫ˣƺԼʱ
ʱ̫ݹܻ֪С磬νիƤߡɽŽȵ硣
ǰã̫̽޾С磬֣޾СûһԼ֪磬ҲԼĶࡣ
̫ɹǲʱ䲻ǲı仯תˣ
ɺоԣĵת䣬Ӱ첻ЩСĸı䡣
ЩԼ֪綨Ǵڵġ
ԼΪʲôûأ
Ҫǰʱ㣬˿̲͵ԭӦ̳񶼿쿪ʼˣԼ֪Ӧòˡ
̫Ҳʱųˡ
һԼ֮ûз֪磬ԭǻûͣС绹ûںϵԵʵ¡
ֻЩںϳǿ磬ŻԼе硣
ЩģҲв֣񻰵Ƶġ
СıԴҪܱ䣬׷ϵĿֻһǾǺġ
С֪塢ͥȵ˱ƿͶӰġ
ǣΪģºĵ·СıԴȻݻġ
ΪѧϰԲĺġ
ԭټϺʥΪ˴̲֣ΪתСԼĽ塭ͺһоĳˡ
ˣ̫ڴСںϣȻԼϤ磬˼ˣȻܻᱻԼͺĺɵɵҲ˼
֮⣿
̫ǧСܲ˵ǧС֮ǰĵĲ֣Ǳƿص磿
ΪκĲ̲ЩСأҪ̲ûƿص޾С磿
ѵڹ⣬Ҳ֪
̫ҡҡͷòԣǧС磬ⱻƿص磬ǺܱҪ룬Լ֪ѡ
̫㣬С类̲ԼõôΪ󣬳źҪڼ䣬ԼȥǧСȥǧС絽ʲôá

̫ųɵʶ˼һɵʶƿ·һ·˺ܶ࣬Ĵʱ򣬸ϵСǰ
һ̫Ľȥ˿С綼û֣У֮ǰ֮繥Ĳᡣ
̫һȦ˳
̫֣ʮ׼ʥʥˣĵָ̫ʾ
ˣ粻֪ǵĵ⣬ǰս±Դ˵Ĳᣬǵ̲Сͺһƽ·ߣ֮ˣʲôȺУǿǵһ壬֮ȡ
̫һһһ顣
Ǿ仰Ĩɱǣ˵һôԼףҲö˵ţ㣬˭лҪ˵̫ʵ
лҪ˵
лҪ˵
Ŷ˵̫Ŀۡ
ֻһŭ𣬽ͥ͵涨ƿصģЩûͥӦе𾴣˶ڣǣͥͣ
ۣȸһ״
ҪܣΪûʲôغ̡
ǣ
Ǻǣ


Ц
̫û˵ţʣʥ£ʼӵЦˣЦ뱬ը
塢塢ȣ˽̫ƢǸԴģ״ֻõ𿴲
Ҫ˭С˭˿ҵԼЩӦòڡ
ͱ״ĸûˡ
Ƕ̫˽⣬ҿԡ
Ȼ
̫һ˼Ӧ۳ɾ޼
ǣķҵĶҡ
Ҫڰ۳ĻĥеĶ˰æǲܵġ
ȷܺЦ֮㻹ʲô˵ģ̫ʣ
⣿ˣô᣿ҲָͥƿߣȻң


Ψеҵķڷ
ϣҵóϷΨе𡭡
ǳЦۣ˺̫һݣǹĵ𣬲ֺĶԹĵ
Լ˭ûָܵͰ
ǰǣԼҲҪ
Ǹ࣬ƾʲô㡣
ңԼҵָ㣬ָ·õвˣ
޴ʥʵȣЦĿۡ
۾ˣôӦõģҲǣôң
̫ۻڡСۣ䲻֪δ޼ʱˡΡ
ȻˣԼټӰѻɣϣ漫״̬а
ã˴ιС磬ͥ˳ˣغģú룬Ǳ˵ʩģԼǿȡġ

̫һ֣ͥ׼ʥۺ̫ף̫һֻ˺ķλ
һҽС
۲ŵãƲĵŭԽԽԶԽԽ
ʦ𣡡ƺʦˣСĵ˵ϣʦˡ
޷̫˰֡
Լˣʵݵģ۵ѹѣҲǸʣ֮˿ġ
̫ˡװһѡ
ʥԼһѹǽŷɵ˼һա
ҪһֱôŷȥСںǿĵ˳ֺǶԿء
ȿ֪Ϊ̫˵
Ǻ͸ˣ룺ȻȥŰɣװҲ䡣
ҵȾ֡˲һػֻϴ
˵ǶйָͶͣ˵𣬱ϸİǳвϡ̫
ԷĶͣҷʱģҲҷ̫ʱھйŵΪŵǰҵȲϧҵ޴նȥ˺ҷ֮ҷޱȵĺڣٴģȻΪ
վ˳ֵĻˣ˭˭ǳС
Ǹռʶ̫ǿƾ͹ˣʱָʱ
һ㶣쵰ˡ
ˣûͣڻѹأд˿̳ɾʥˣ֮ǰҲΪϧģΪѧ
ˣѹܵϺȫʴȣ˵ĶԣûĶͣ񻹱ѹأҡ
֮ǰ͹̫նȥ˺ǵҲɴ˿١
Ѿȥܾˣ̫ġҴ£Ҳˡ
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Ͼͺãס壬ҲָǱǿ꣬϶Ҳйֵ̫
һֱ֮ߵǶû͹Ҳûۿῴף˳һ壬ǻ͹ǿûС
Ǹĵѣȸһֱָ壬ǡʵڡ
̫ǵչˣȷ̹ţĶɽ١Ԫʮɷķչ̵ָ㡭ȵȣ̫ˡ
岻һֱʥ档û˵Ϊû𾴹Եģ˵˷Ե÷ǳ
ãȻϣǱͽ˵һ˵̫˵
ۺñʧǾ仰𾴲ʩģǿԼʵȡġЩƮƮȻˣһ޷ˣʥ⼸ˣھȻиֵģȻ˼ȡʵȡ𾴣Ҫ״
ĪҪֻ۵ĴΣգƽ⣬ܶƺΣʱ̻ᷢһֱļֺ͵Ҫˣܿ¡δСںϣǴ˿̵һСʱ򣬱𶼲˵󻰣οȡûмᶨǿĵģɣһľȡ
̫һͨ䣬ⷢӣ۵ġҪ󡱣ϿΡ
Ͼô˵ǶԼӡ顣
ָǹ޾С磬Ϊˡ
֮һͨ
ʥ׼ʥеѹˣδںϵС翴˺ܶ౶
ǴǰΪԻɨһе뷨ӣԼ׵ĿģǾɵˡ
ԼˣǳûԼϿΰ
Ƕһͷ죬Ҳ
̫ΪȻһе˼
Ȼ̫ĶһҲˣǶ۸ǺˣȥһҪѵۡ
̫ѵջ񣬵ջջ񣬽ѵ۹ѵۣܻˡ


807 عġ
˵죬һгɿˡ
ǰ򲻿Ԥԭ򣬻֮ĵ֮һλصǿ°ˡ
˽ս֮ϮʱĻ
ɺþ죡
ֻһʮˣƿʱս˴С
λʥˣһԻʥԻˡ
ʥͻȻֵģǰ粻֪˴ܣڻֺ֮ųֵģʵرԴʥˡ
ڶˣΨһһġ׼ʥҲһ飬ǰֻ׼ʥľ磬Ϊûﵽ֡
֣֮رԴ裬ɾʥ˵ĲΡ
˺ʹںϵʥ˲ͬںϵʥˣǳ׵ġʥˡûи飬صıʶ˶١
˲һǿ츳׼ʥ߻ʥ˺󣬱֮ǰǺԪ
˵Ϊ̫
Ϊ̫һԳǵһˣûвİΣ
ʶǴǰһ飬֮ȸ壬ܵ
̫һĴڣϲĴڣܹɵĳ·
һǣ̫Ͷһ˴Ȱ
ǣп䣬Լ߸ϣûһܺԼԼ񣬾Ƿ򣬾ǵԲпᡢΪΪ
˽˶˵һУ̫Ǿòȫץоһ£ֵֵ

ಣ
ǰ˺ʥӵʶָѸٵ̫˵ǰ
ʥûҵĸ飬ֵһɲͶ˿ʼ
̫ʾܿӭȥ
˭˾ֵĿǰ飬̫ˡ
ո˻֮ߣӭ˸ǿĵˡ
籾Դʶָǻɱ̫ǣɶ˱ϾԼ뷨ʥǰ㣬ԱԴʶƴӡ
СӣڸᣬԸΪ£ʶһ磬Σ̫Զ˵
˵꣬һĽоãȻء
ȴŭˣԼõһ飬Ȼ˳ƺСӣ
ֱˡԼǻ˽һ٣ϵǵʱ䣬һ٣Ȼ˳ƺԼСӡ
ǵ˭չԼ˼룬ȻܷŭԸеԼǰ֮˵Ķ֡
кüԼǿĴڣҲ˵£Լǰ˵Ϊ¸ߵˡ
ĪҪܱ˭һ컯ǰ𲻴ӦСһ̫

˽ʱĴ׼ʥȫˡ
׼ʥУ߳˾Ÿ׼ʥһһֿȥӦԵľ档
е˵ԼⷽǿĶˡ
ǣǰ˵ƺ΢
һ飡Լ˵
˼ǣǵһ飬ҳΪ£СӣǲǹˣһѺӶ˻Сһ
ȻӭһЦ

Сӻͦһ飬һ֣
һδѡ

̫ȴ˰ֹ֣˵䣬˵Сӣһֻѣⷽδʱʱڻдʱ䣬ü٣СһûһΣ𲻴Ӧ
㣬㣬˾е
˵磬Դ˾Ȼ˵Լδǰͻ˺ܾúܾá
޴Ǽʶ˼ά̫˵ѡ
Ҫ̫˵ǶԵģĵĻ˵ĵĹۣǼٵģ
ðɣܲʶʱ񡣡̫
̫ԴʥûȤǰץĵ֮һֱû⡣
Се֮еȤ˲ŶԶˡ顱
鲻ˡ
ֻ̫һ֣˷֣Լ徹Ȼı̫ƿˡ
Դӳʥû
ΨһֵĲҽУͱ̫ץˡ
̫ľٶȴúʥ뵽һ뷨
룺Լôû뵽أСĸ֣һ֮ӣҪںģǲԼĴڡ
ȻŲôɱļֵȫ׽ļֵ
ǰ˵ˣֻҪСʶƿزת󣬾ܰСתɺĵ顣
ȻץһЩǿһҲ
ǶǸĸ߲㣬˲˳˼
ˣǰѹġҵ񡱾ǺϤ

˱ץ
̫ɨˣ˵ĸжɡ
˵꣬롢ۿˣ˴ıԴ֮أƿԴݣȻǣת硣
̫ߺ󣬸ͷһۡ
λġ塯о޴ԨԴλҪԴɱǵĵˡ˺͸߲㽻̫ץס˵ץһźõġ
оо壬屻Ԥˡ
λ塭
λķ塭
塭
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808 ޵ġѧѡ
дЮ壬޼ֱˡ
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֮󡭡
ˣȫ²ڣ̫˵һС羭Ҳ˵һ¶ġ顱
İŲϣԼͯ죬ܾҡ


809 һ
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죬ѹϯ˵ء
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810 Ԫ޼ڶ
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ⲻǳ־һɣǳʥ˻ԼǼٵġ
̫ˡ
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һߣ
ʥ˴սͺĵʱ٣һ
ʥ˴սʱһߣҲˡ
屻̫һʰһս̫һսܵ³
ǿ̫һҲ˭ûǿ
˵ôչ޾£ǵֶտܱȵġ
Ĳ˵̫һʩչӣס̫һ׼ʥڣԽһĴڡ
û˿̫һѹ֮µޣɥʧġ
ʱʥ˻ˡ
Ҫ̫һȻִ磨͵ۿһĹǸо
һߵҲ˵ı飬Ūɻ
ѹˣҪٸҺΪʥ㣬𣿡
͡
ѹ£𵴵ĿѪ
סһҡ
ߣߡŲԵˡ
ǳĴڣҲûջռݵһЩ̣Ǹһŵ㣬ҲһӺĺ޾Ĵš
ͱѹǱˡ
ߺ󡭡
ƣȻŵ㣬峤ҲȣȽͰѴ˵صӺĵĴŰɡ˵
˵һˣȻȥǲõˣȻ㡣
⣬壬ҲһͺӵŻĿѾﵽ
Ȧȥ塢롣
һ˼ⰡҪ⼸λѲˡ
һֻһ֣塢̫壬Լеı¡
ʥȿȣȥ棬˺ͻ˵
˵Ҳͣ뿪ˡ
оԪģȻץȥооɡ
ʶһۣҲ뿪ˡ
ˡ
ĴԼһƬǽӪ
ǡǡʬ졢Ĵ̫ˣעҪȥһһץо
˵ɱ壬óȻĵĴ
ǿ϶ģûð
һƬǽĵ
λ˵ˣҲӮˡϾں֮أ⣬ΪСҲھƲҪעˣʬ̾Ϣ
˵꣬˵ĸ̾
ô˵ǳ˺ĵһԱսضᡰġ
⡰սѹ壬ǳĸʥˣǣȺ̫ǿˡ
ֱǲһ˰
˺ĺܳʱ䣬Ĺں

ת˲꣡
죬ֻƺڰһ
ֻ޴ԲںĵϿա
׵֪С磬׵ĻΪΣսˡ
¡
գ۵Ķֻž޴˲ˡ
һ鱻ָĴ½
ںı֮أĴ½Ǵľ޵˲úɽ˺ܶࡣ
⣬һʧˡ
ڷ硭
ƽ˺ܾõķ磬Ȼеһ
˼֮ΧȻ˾޴һ
˵ʱǰ㣬һڸǣľ
ҲвҪģΪǻԵ콵ѰһԵɺǱͬһ㶼û¡
ֹѰԵ飬侲
ںԴ֮أ
̫еСıԴٵٶȿľˡ
̫ΪǻԪ޼һ㣬ɾǻԪ޼㡣
˲ڡ鲻ܲһһ
ΪѸٵԪ޼һ㶥塭
䡱һ̫кʹ֮еľ졣
̫˻Ԫ޼ɶĵزһûֹͣԴȻУȻ̫Ѹٵ
ǽǧʱ⡭
죬ɽͷУȻһɢȥˡ
˴Ȼ֪ô£鲻֪
ɢ鷢֣һδ֪Ĵ½
Щ½֮ϣһŨԹƺ˺ܶ飬ԹɢҪ۳һ
䣡
ֻһ޴Թǣţɷ綼ڵѪȥ
ǣתֻأ׵˵
ǸԲ磬СУԹ۵һز
ĲͬԹҲһС۶ѣҪ۳٣ǲܵġ
ʶԹǣתڤֻת
ֱ˿̣ɢԹǣߺ¶Ŀ
ˣкʩչǧͨ̽鵽
ףôһƬ𺣣ȫһЩ֮Ļ֮飿Ҳкĸֿ˲һһĻ
֮ǰ֮飬飬ļˣ仹ڱ֮ǰһ̡
Ǿķ֣һɾ޴ѹϮܶ౾̫Ҳεļ÷֣Լʩչ̫ʵȫɢ˽֮ҲǽɵĲΡ
Ϊ½ˣǵ𺳡
֪ԭѹʵ˵֮ǰʵģʵġ
ڴߴϵĶûеģܶǽ´˵Ǳԭ
ֻܿ
⣬ʵһ棬Ҳо޴ı仯
磺򲻵ӦеľˣƺԼûһ
Ӧð̫ҵľ磬Ϊθܲˣֻܸܽɣ
ʲôԭ򣿲ԣΪط򣬺Ͳⶼˣͬһ˲ֹʮ
ģƼʩչˡ
Ǻ޽⣬Ϥĵôһķأ
ײãһȺǿ飬Ϊð̹ĿԼ飬ôûм
˭顣
ģġ
ʹǰСʵ
꣬оһȺɵӡ
һĴ޸ƺ˶ߣ˺ɽ磬򡣡
Сܲǻ֮ģӲģнǹ⻷
ѽѽǸߣĳ棬ȫɡһŭˡ
ţ񣡡󵨣޴
䣡ǣˣDuang
ˣ
Сһ䣬ǻشһ䣬һĵĸֵ
ߣǴޣҲǴޣƾʲôңһĴ޵
ΪֳԵҩнĴޣϵǿ𣬻һ̫Һ󱲡Ĵ޸ֱӵ
⣿Ĵˣǰôôǰ˭ޣôʶˡ
ˣǰһζһڰƶʧȥʶȻȻǴ˿棿
㣬㣬ʰɡչ㡣

ģ
Ҫδȥ
˭
ǡ
飡

񷣣֮磩硣
ǣǣǲ֪ȥģˡ
ǡ
С飡

໥ˣ
ԭС飿ˡ
ѵǲǰ˴ĸ߲뿪йأ

޾С簡
ǻɵ˵ǱһߴɱĺܲңһֽСʱߣȻ˴Ρ

˵һ̲ˣûʲôԵ
ǰǰˣȫһСûʲôԵ
߰ɣ



811 

̫һһʱΪԪ޼ɶĶ壬һԪ޼ɵ㡣
ԲĴﵽ̫Ҫ
ֻ̫лԪ޼㣬̫ϲһ㡣
֮ǰ̫࣬ԲںΪĴڣȾͻƻԪ޼ĲΪѰ̫ˣǻԪ޼ĲΡ
ΪۺεȲΣкܶô
ڱԴ֮أ̫
صѣΪϲ
̫Ϊ֮죬ʵĽѡ
֮󡭡
̫˺̫磬ĳ׵ںС磬һʱ䡣
ʱ̫һ˳ʱȥǧС翴
ںϵ飬̫߳ʱʶɨһĻ
ԭǺ飬ΪǻԵ٣֣̽Ȼһñ˺ġ
ڷ硣
ںݵС磬Ǵǰϡĵ
һˣΪǻԵ٣һﲻ֪δļһ
̫û̽ãͽӵԪԼŮӵĴ
ɻԼ
ָ̫һ㣬ģĺܣ̫֪һЩ
ص̫ԪӺŮˡ

Ů洺ԪǶ
ͽϢ̫΢΢һЦ˽ܴ󣬿֮ǰͷʥ˳ѵˣջࡣ
Ϊ̫ʵ
ʦ𣬵ӶԻ󣬳ٳٲʬһΪʦָԪӵ
ʦ𣬵ҲˡŮҲ
˵ֻ̫꣬һ˫˽ɫԪ˷֣ʦ˲俴͸Լ
һᣬ̫ջ֮
ӵľΪ׵ı̫˸ͨ͸˶ﵽʬһĵز
Ԫӵʬһ󣬼д뷨̫оܾϲ
û뵽Ѿ쵽һǰԪӺŮ洵뷨ƺпܡ
̫һݡ
ҲԿ͸Ԫӵʬһд֮ӣԼնħľһ㣬֪ܲܳɡ
ǵ뷨ʬһд֮ӣɾͻԪ޽ɺڣ迪֤̫ʡ
ǵʦ𡣵ģ˺Ůʦö۵ݲܲܳɣԪӵ
˵Ԫӣ̫ҿ϶ⲻ¿һµ;
һֱ·һδ֮ǰݴָ
֮£ҲǴ˿̵ɵ
ǺĵΨ·
̫ľǴ֮·Ҳǻħ·
Ԫӵ뷨ƺ̫һµ뷨
̫컯˴ǰ컯֮ת˵ĸ̫ͨߵĴͨɾ˵졣
̫һ뷨һͨΪγɿա
ֻͨδֻ˴Ŀܣܾ˵Ľϡ
Ϊʱգһ֮أΪһеĹ켣졣
˵ĽϣʵγɿյĿܡ
̫ͨγ棬γɿա
ʵ̫ǣһ֮ɾ㡣
Ǽ٣̫ϡ
γɿʩչһµ磬Ҳ鰴ռȶĹ켣棬ǾԼʵģ޵ܡȵȡ
ǣǲ֪ǣʵٵĴڣ桱̫ǵĳ棬ʵɾͺ顣
Ҳ̫һ֮䣬̫ͨĲΣ̫˵Ǽٵģɢ
̫ΪγɿգӦе
뵽ˣ̫һǣܴǣ棬̫оԼ
ңֻҪ뷨ˣԪŮкôԼĸҲо޴ĺô֮ǰΪһʱҵٽķ
һ̫֣ƺˡ
ֻҪԼļƻɹԼĸܿ졣
и뷨кܴջиʬһѣһӡ֤Ǽд֮ӵ뷨֪˿Ը⣿
һܲԸ⣬̫ǣֵż˵˵
˼̫еأ˼˲ȴʦĽ˵
ͨһ磬Ǻһ·һδǰ·ҪپŸʥάִ˽תԳΪһµĺġʥ˿ںϽ磬˽ݱ䡢֤ĻԪ޽һΪʥû֤ܿ׼ġ
̫˵꣬ȻԺȴһ˼
ʦôһ磬ҪάתҪŸʥά֣ͨΰת
磬ʥǿ翪֤Ĵ޽һںϽ磬ݻܱ䡣
̫˵һĵݱ֮·е㲻
ȻΪǣʦΪ˸õĸԼ趨һݱ·
ֵ̫Ϊ磬档أ˷תǾ֮ǧ֮ҵȹͬԲһ硣
̫⻰˵꣬ԪӺŮˣʦôǣⲻ̹Ŵ񿪱ٺһϾһµĺ
ɻˣ
ʦǸǼٻ棿Ůʵ
Ǳһͨľͷ٣ͻƣƵʱ򣬿ѡ˳Ǽٵģ˳ģ𣿡̫ʡ
⣿Ůˣʦ˵ҪǽΪͻƣѡ˳ͻƵΪ羭һУΪġҪǲ˳˵Ǵ״̬У˵ˣˣҲûдˡ
ȻҲ̫˵ͷŮ洵ǲ
̫봴֮
֮ɼջȫ컯
̫еĺģһɽ½ĺġ
󣬺еһԱֻΪͻƣܻع飬ΪûͻƣֻǣνҲǼ١
ٽҪˡ
Ͼά磬Ҫ߸ʥ˼̫컯ŸʥˣṩԴܼѵġ
Եһν޷õôҪˣһıԴֲ磬άƽ⡣
׺䲻֪δ죬ʦ˵
ʣʦҪôʥ˵ΰάܱ䣬Ȼһĸ򣬴ӶֲǵĲ𣿡
š̫˵ͷ
һһһܺõİ취
нĸ̫һĿȻ֪򾳽̫ˡ
Ȼ⻹εģϾͨĸ̫Զ̫˿̵ľ磬ֲġ
̫Ҫǣܱ䣬صĵط
ֻҪи̫о޴ջ
⣬Щ̫뵽˸뷨ĳϺ͸ܽˡ
ȻЩ̫ûԪӺŮ˵ֻǽʬһ硣
ںģֻ֮µʥˡ粻һǿɸı仯Լ޾иһʬһ˵ɣֻҪи򣬾ʬһĲΡ̫˵
һȣʦ˵ģǾ̫ǿˡ
άתʥˣСܿܿĸ뷨һһһʬһĸͼˡ
ںģʥˣȴҲֻܽΰѣл㣬ĸ
ʦҪôˣеȲˡ
ȻȥȴͺãҪȥͬ⣬ҪȥṩάıԴ⻹Ҫ׼˻ٻȡ̫˵
˵꣬һĬղŹżЩƻѣҪʦĲ֡
ǣ˶̫ߵݣΪʦΪԼƶļƻҪʦæµˡ
Ȼ
ǲ֪̫Ҳ֣뵽Ĵ뷨뷨ƶԪӺŮ洺ôܶ࣬Ļ̫
Ϊ򿪱٣˷ƿת
̫컯ˣ˲ջġ



812 ֮Ϊ
ߺ̫˼һȥ
󣬺ܺ棬̫Ǹ߲ôˣ
Ϊ
һԵΪ鷳֪˿̺̲СҪһʱɷͶӰǧӦʱ˰ɣ
ţһȷˣκһʱβҪƽһʱ䡣
ԱˣиƻںҲԲķ񣬲ĵݱ䡣̫
Ŷˣæ˵
̫ˣŰԼ뷨˵˺Լˡ
̫뷨òᣬȻˡ
룬棬ȫ粼ɣʱ򣬵ʱ绹ܳɾͥͶӰǧС硣̫˵
˼ǣзȻԭ켣ǰ㣬ʥ˴ս飬ȻΪǧƿߣͥͶӰ
ң⻹Ǻһݱ·̫е·ʹ͵ĺģһ
Ժ˵кܴĺôԸһ·Աȴ˿̣жԱȵݱ䣬ʵĺĽ졣
⣿ûشˡ
Ҫþ
Ȼ̫ҲˣҪӦˣͲʹôǰʵ֡
ҪӦԼôǰ֣֮һҪɡ
οĸ̲Сѣ̫źĶԼҪֺãԼҪǰչˣĽݱˡ
ֻϥĿǺС
һᣬ۾ѿɷ˵һ¡
ơ̫ˣ֪Ӧͬˣֻ뿴Լľƻ
̫֮ϸ˵һ¡
ʵһȶ磬ʩչͨһһ磬ͨݻкҪٵ飬µ̣һ١
ֵ٣棬ǵĹ켣Ľ飬ҪµȥñһȻͬĺġ
̫һͣϸݣֻǸ̫̾ôֱʡ
ֵ̫ʱС磬ò󣬷תͥͶ硣ֵ̫
ʱԼо޴ջԪŮλҲܸʬһ
Ҳ͹Բˣ֮ΪͥͺͶĴڡ
ĴҪһС磬ҲɽͨС硣
˿粻ͨǧҲͬǿ˺ܶࡣ
̫Ϊֻͨнûнġ
һᡭ
ƺ̫Ļƺѯ̫ơ뷨ܺãͬˣýɷĲ֣֮ΪͨͥԼĹͬŻ
źӦˣ̫˿ʡԼˣܺá
Ҫǲͬ⣬̫ͬء
û뵽ͬˣԼöôǰˣȫ
趨磬кεȴڣʵ
̫ˣ֮Ϊ磬ͨ飬һͨ硣޾鶼ͨӦ磬ĽĲΪͻƲſ˳õôҲṩıԴ⣬֮Ӧ֮˱룬㿴Σ̫
˼һ˵ͷ
ʱٲһ鹵ͨ룬ܸ׸򾳽磬ԱضкܶҪ룬ͺһͻһС粻˳Ҫҵļᶨڽ룬ӵģ֮Ĳȵģҽ롭
⣬ǰƵ컯ԪһغܶСٶ磬ʾսҪ񱮣ǲܳˣֻܹͨ·ҲԲĽ֮˵ְ𡭡
̫ˣ٩٩̸Խ˵Խϲ
νͥҪ·ʥǿĿƿݵġ
֮·ֻͨ磬һҪƿͥҲʵ顣
˴˿̣ѹĿľ档
Ҳкܴĺôֱںͥʮ죬ǺģͥͥûǸʹѹͥˡҲ˵ͥҪʧںɽˡ
ͥȨͿƹ֮е飬Ҳƹǧ硣
ⲻںˡ
ȻҲȻͺĵĶ磬ͲƻͥĹأᱻѹ
˳ֻῴͥߡ
ǣǺõģûжн໥档
·ȥǧ磬Ҫ㣬չǺĵ飬Դ
ԣ໥໥ߣ˭뿪˭
ƿ̫ת컯еΪѡ
ǣͺûʲôã̫ıģ̫ɲҰĵˡ
ҪУһ٣ֱͳκˡ
Ϊ̫ǿͺã̫ƿΣ޷Ǹ򾳽Ľˡ
̫򾳽ԺĶкôϾ̫ԽǿĽԽ졣
̫Ĺϵศɵģ˭벻˭
ȻǷ磬ڴ˿̻磬绹ûأ

ͺһֺ̫ʼ˲֡
ʥԷ˳ǽʹҪҪ֧磬ǽ
ȻǺԪŮвģֻṩת籾ԴԪӺŮջ
˭ԪӺŮ洵ʦƿصأ̫˭˭ܸʥṩ֧־УᱻΡ
תҪʥṩֵ֧ʱ򣬾ʥԲʱ
ʱǲŻָ׵ɡ
ҷٻҪǣ壬סٶѾȥ
Ӧ֮Ҳ࣬˵пޡ
ʥٵĹؼҲǱȻľֻЩҲȹˣǲܴӴٵ
·Ҫһߣǵˡ
ʥ£磬󣬶ȹΪģ뿪عģӴ١
Ϸ񣬴Ӵ˳ɾ֮ͥҲǽǧλ
⣬չǻ⣬ܳ׵ľ˭٣˭ѽ١
ˣǰ壬סģҲܷ١
ʥһŻعģ񱮡

֧֣̫о˺ܶ࣬˺̫ѹʥʥ
̫ʥһ
иᣬҪף书ǱųǴӦӦ̫ʵ
̫Ļʥһϲڲںףֻȥ
˵ģʵ
̫˵ͷû˵ǰļƻһЩصϢˡ
Ժг̫˵ķס
һ̫Ĵֱʾסˣһ֧֣̫ǲ֮ˡ
ҪǣṩάԪתıԴʾǺܳһʱڣҪά硣
Ҫٽǲɡ
ǣһ붼УپȻԼµĽѣ֮ǰѹͥ໥
˺ˣۿԼĵ
ϸȴ֮ǿǶȹٵԵɡ
Լĵ£Ҫ޽ѼҪٵĿ飬˭ܱһֵֻԼ˶ѡ
һӦУԼӦ˴ӦˣûԼİģԼĵǱ
˶һۣͬģҪĳˡ
ȴӦ˶һۣϵĴӦˡ
ƣ̫˵ͷ
ֻ̫һ֣˵ɢȥˣ˵Ϊƿΰˡ
˻ƿΰ
ٻعɣȴٻ̫ûἤˣѸٵĶ뿪ˣʥӦļƻС
ʥҪ컯飬ܴ֮磬̫ҲҪ׼һ
̫ͥܣ紴ͥʮ죬Զɾһ֡


813 
컯׼𣿡
ɽ֮ͥأ̫컯ʵ
ƣ׼ˣ𾡹ܿʼϵ׼ˡ
ǰ컯̫뷨ҲòᣬܿʹӦˡ
Ϊ磬ںУɾת
һЩת磬ɶ˵пޡ
Ϳп޵ĴڣŶ֮ĸԽԽ컯Ѿһûжٸ顣
̫˵˼ƻӦˡ
أ̫ԪӡŮλӣԼӡԪʼͨ׼ͽ
ҵҲ׼ˡ˵
̫ųǣѾ˽ǧʱ䣬ǻص˸Եĵŵòᡣ
ʦȻˣʥ¿Ŀ˺óʱ䣬Ϊʦڱ˳
ʦ˵ֻʱĻع飬м޵񣬲񣬲֮ǰѹˡ
ʥָһʱ䣬ʥ½ǵ֮۸ĺܲҡ
ʥһʱŭڣ뵽֮˻̫ѹˡ
ҶҲʥˣԲʥˣð찡ȰɣԲ㡣
ǰյ̫ٻʼˣ

̫׼ˣʼʩչ̫Բͨγɿա
Ҫȫ򣬸Ҫʥ˵ά֣γɿת磬̫֣ǸԲ⣬Ϊ;粻
覴ãҪŸʥά֣Ҫֲ
⻹ѹѹͥͥ˵һ磬ʵҲһݱ
㣬̫˾ųɵİմ硣
䡪
̫ƿʼ֮ӿʼ̫ģ˿ʼӳ֡

̫֮أʼ˵ѹ
컯̫һȡ
ơ컯׼ˣ˺ܾûкһˣҪһʩչ
̫Ϊб޻
ˡֻ컯ں̫С
䡱һ̫ѹӵǿ
綼ʼĪĸоһҪҪ٣ɲ׺¡
̫ﵽһ̡
Ρɡա
ಡ
ǴֻͣĳһƬĿռ䣬硣
γɿվ֤죬Сһγɿһͨһһٿٵͨ
ֻõĿռ죬ֱصľͷ
õĿռһɫ߿ʼһ˺ֱ
ķÿγһ顢һɽһһһС
һе̫Ϊ磬Ҳ̫ͨ˵ĸԳֵһС

ʱֻѾ󵽼޵磬̫컯˳һ֮һ˵ĺ˺ʧ֮Уƺδ֡
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һγɵ飬͵ĿУƺǡ
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µĹⰵ磬ڰʹĹаħѪ壬塭
֮ƣȴֻغ͹ⰵı˱ʡ


819 ̫
ıѪ磬ɾ˹ⰵ󣬽ֻغ͹ⰵǻۣħʼ̲Сó̡
⣬ǰС磬ҲºܶС翪ʼںϣںϵ磬Ǵǰ˺Ƭ磬ܵġkǡеΣ
˺һʱڹⰵİ£С籾ԴֻأֲŵĵӡԴ
ֻؽڿָ֤˻Ԫ޽ɵĵز
֮ڹⰵİ£ȥһС磬˺һʶƿС磬ȴ̫͹ⰵһ
⣬ֻҲʼѰҴǰĵѡ
ǰƻУʱֻءԼħǴǰУǰʮĶħһεĴڣҲǴƻĴ
ڹⰵħҲΪǰǰʮʱĹⰵħ񲢲ǺĳԱġ
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820 ȥˣ
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һԼݣһֵӡ
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Ȼ˳ӦƵָ㣬ȥҲǲٿ̫һһ춨û˵
ƻȥ£̫ʵ
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Ȼ˼оԼѾڰĳٱԵһԼݣһֵӣ㯡
һ£źǵˣʵɣǸǵĳߣҲ˽⣬ɷమ𣿡
СĵʵΪеɣǰ㡣
ҲɷమϾ֣ɷǼġ
Ȼԣ䲻֪ΪɣҲֻһѣ֮Դһͬ;ͬ飬ΪΪ޶أǱʥߣǶƵĵַ
̫˵꣬ɫ͵һƺһƬɢһ
ȻɣǣضΪܰ
̫ЦˣǲβСߵ뷨ʵﵽ˿ΪΪĵĴﵽ˷紵˭ܲܣƻ뷨һԸˣûʲôɸĵעܸģ㲻ǿΪ͵ġ
⣿һ㶣ȴǸ
ǰԼҪǿ˭ֹԼ˭˵л
µ뷨׿Ƴġ
ֵɣ˵ܲɷʵĹϵˡݵĹϵܸӵġ
ף̫һü˵ƻʲôԲӰ˵㲻Ǹ˵һӰһˣӻ˼룺뷲˽ϣܴ󣬴ҲԵȣݸԽǡ
̫һת˵ǣƻûУйɷమ򣬿ܿȥݲԵȣûУΪɷమ˵ǶԵȵģֻһ˼ɣǸֻǻûѣˣ˵ɣǹ
㣬ɣ㣿һĽͣˣô˵
оƺ˵ĲǶԵġ
ɷǽɣɾʲôɣòû˵
ɵıȴ˵ĺ͸
˼ɷɡʵһ
ʵǵ֮ͬˣֻһûһѾ˶ѡ
Ͼ˲ȣ˵˵ķɣͶˡ
Լӣʵ˵ǵͬģֻԼˣǷѡ
˼ˡ
һԼʱĲͬе߸ΪԼоء
ѵ֮ǰһֱƭԼ
ƻ࿴Ӿͺʺϡ̫ͻȻ˵
ɣ̫˵ģе졣
ǺǣɬʲôûŮ֮޷ġ⣬о仰֪˵˵̫
˵
ţ֪ΨмᶨߣдɾͣáɻرܡжܣüᶨʱһǰǺǡ
˵̫꣬˵Ĺӿһˣ߶ţӲӲþûˡ
߶ţ̫ˣµȴһļᶨ
ú󡭡
ת˲ȥˣӡ
ϴ毣϶ꯣ濣һŮһĺҸ
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˽ϵİӻʱ򣬡̫ˣӺ˺þá
˶ԼҪӵĽ͵ġ
һк̫˵ĺƣӻŮһˣܿ죬̵ܶʱڣɾ˷УһǿߵĲΡ
ǣǰ
һֽȸУ俴ˣҲˣҲ֪Լͷ˽ϣԼĸǷˣ
Ψһȱٵľʱ䡣

Ʊնϣ׼еɻ
ֻѹľˣ˵嶯˵ţοٵĿˡ
ǰʱ׼ͽģǴ˳ӦشвСջ񣬼˺ܶ
ΣһҪʥó׼ᣬһηˡ
ķʡ
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ǣնˣɴ֮£۵ȻԼƵһ㣬ͷ˽ˡ
ݲľ档
һǺɽ磬һС
ɽУٵħտ׼ͽܡġ
УҪٵģˣ׼ͽ򹮹ԵʣҲ뿪
˵˿̵̵ĴӪ
죬׼ҵ˽
׼׼˵һ󣬽ͬһ㶡
ʦ˵֮뷲˽ϣӣһ
ǽûپ棬Ͼɽ̫ĸı䣬ûԭɷɣɡ
ûжپ档
ǰʦ֣ʦݷ֣ٿĹؼˡءƴǴСľ棬ʦܾһᡣСԸ󣬹ִᡢ޴־׷ŭǰؽǵƤ̫֣ټϴǰĴѹԸѾڱıԵ˵Ҫ֪Լ뷲˽ϣ˺ӣô
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ţ˺ܾãƣ
ѵʦܣǿԣǲôçײˣĻȥѹ죬ΣǶûл
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ҲǣֻҪĽչ춼֪£治ҪʲôžС
һʵʦܣ˵һ߱նˣǣջ𣿡
ֵҪǱ˷ߣʦͱ¶ˡ
⣡׼Ȼһ㶡
ĵ԰Լʧ棬֮Ӱ٣ôˣҪǱ췢ԼյԼ붼¶ˡ
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ڽͨһˣͯһ򽻸˵޵ʥĸ
ɽӣ˼һΪԼǰΪʥһ
Ĳ˵ҪԼ˽̽Լ˻ԶԶʥˡ
ӲˣǱ̫ѹԺӴһԼ¡
ʦȥӡ
ؾδһϵС¼󣬻ǿĵĺִ
ֻҪһгɾͣܺϣǼ򵥵һô򵥣
⣬ȿԴѹ죬Լͽݣء
ӣӣҲ˽̽Ķ塣
⡭
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ʯеɻ󣬵̫ҲӣΪʦյʦָ磬ȴԵһ꯵Ϊͽȥɡ
⡭һǣʦ
Ӻ𾪣ʦϯԼӣʦҪԼͽһ꯵ķˣ˵ġĴϯӣҪˡ
֪ʦͽж̣ϯһѹ̫ˡ
û뵽Լײͽ뷨ʦָˡ
ӣӦò򵥡뵽

㣬һʥˣ̫Ĳ¿ʼˡ
ӽ磬һѰʦ˵ꯣһ硣
ǰŴٽ磬ӵ׼ʥûн룬Ͼ̫˵ҪΪ򾳽С
ƣǲʹá
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֪ɽ鲻ˡ
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̫һסң˭Է֡
ңش˵Ļű׼Ļ塣
ã̫רĿˣĶڣҲ̫ǻĹ൱ڡ
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ԶӾһЦ
СѾͷŮɺŮޣõλүү󣬽磬ȥ
Ůйƭļ¼Ůܽ
Һ̫תͻϤĽ̵ǰСѾͷﵽ˲ɵĲΡ
Ϊ㲻ϸ֣Ѿˡ
ʲôǲã
Ĵܡɡ⡭Сͯ
ȥ߰꣬ȴɲεСѾͷֻҪɵӣһû˸ǡ
ôСΪɣɵףǴĵմߴĺ
ңŮи۰ǵүүүү˺ֶܶκͱ͡
ʲôЯүүŮ޺Ůɾˡ
ʦ沮СѾͷӣСģİݼӡ
Ů޺ŮɰҪȥģЦ
ʦ沮Ǵ٣ǲܸŶǡ
ߴߴѾͷƬӣӿһЦ
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СѾͷܸˣÿ˶յʮˣ׼ʥεġ
ЦǿɲӶ࣬лӺˡ
һŮżȥĴء
ŮãжˣŮʵ
Ů󣬴ϽҿһСӣСһһġʮģһʮĸһʮ߸
ѽôˣˡŮСԴ뵽
ˣǰǶнǲʹãֻкΣʱãǲʮΣհɣŮò뵽ԼǰʬҧǴΡ
ŮҲһ㶣۸
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Ҫүүģ˭ҴԼעͳͷүү˵ͱ춼£ͱ죬ϡ
뵽ˣֿ˿ʮĸԼԼ鱦СѾͷ˲١

Ůһ·ϣʼͦµģķ֣ÿ˿ԼˣԶԶġ
ǲС֣ҲûиԼ鷳ģŮķ˽Լɡ
벻ףȻǾ͸ˣˣɡ

˵깫ˣȻ粻ãͻƵɵĲΣڳ֮һԱ
˵ɵͲΣɽ磬ɽɲɵͲΣɺ͵ɲ㡣
ڷ磬ҲɣҲһ֡
깫֮εĸ֡
ûѡط磬طҪнѣһûСװ
磬һжµĿʼ깫ãԼӦ磬Լĸ
һֱﵽɵľ磬۵ɶķͻۣȻطɽɽ硣
깫оãľ
ɺŽԽԽ࣬깫֣ԼɵΪǲа۸һЩ֮µķС
֮ڣԼǿ
ԼûɵĴУûи̵ֽ˲˴˿̵ĳɾ͡
Ҫˡ
뵽ˣ깫ãԼӦҪһֻԼδ
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깫ؽ̣κνؽн࣬ҲûеߵģԼɣһᶼûС
Ľɣ䲻깫ǰ;ʥ˽Уεѡ
ʵû취ſȥԡ
뷨깫ʼ֮߳һᡣ
ʵ깫֪ĲΪ;磬Ǿ߱졣
죬깫֣ԼƺпΪ
꣬ͽʶ˺öйˡءȽйϵ
磬̹ӵָĺԶ硣
磬ؽɣʶĵѵµĺľ˸
磬˽ʦһ·ʱ˫ϥһʯκġʯ
֮깫һ죬Ͷ˺ˬ߲嵶Ը񣬽ʶ˺ܶࡰͷ
졭
һ˼ĳǳУһλһģһ깫Զһ¶¶Ĳһᣬһ֡
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֪ʱԼߣһСŮ
㿴һڱӾȻ㿴üģܲǺˡ
ãˣСӶѣһζֻҪˣǾͲɱ飬ûͲù
ţҲǣҲ壬˵һǹأСӸһ壬Ҿһѻ
ţңҾһڳԹûԹСء

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СѾͷһţСѾͷ۵ϣչֳңҳף
ҺãСѾͷĻûҪɱԼĻ
Һãǿᣬ˭һ壬˭깫ǸıûԹˣҲҡ
ûгˣҲû
һ󵨺깫СѾͷŹԼҪ뿪ˡ
깫ԼĻᡣ
ôСôǿʲôʲôʲôģ֮Ǻܸߴϵʡ
ԼĻᣬֲԼղŸеĻԵ٣ԼĻᡣ
ܴȥҲҪԡ
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ҴûкˣûС
ҽסλŮ룬롭ͶԣͶСλŮûңСԸ⵱ġ
һɽҰУǰòȻ깫ʧˡ
ֻһֵıӣѾյĲϵëɢһսζ
˵ɶСѾͷʹˡ
֮ǰŮɺŮޣŹ깫깫ðһ㲫һѣԽסˡ
ͶֲȤŮɣ˲깫ѵһ٣ΪνסԼãǲ뺦Լ
˴˿̵ľ档
ãСӿûƭˣ㿴ôôƭǣŮеˡ
깫ҵӣټôΪӦòƭԼ
šŮ롣
Сӣ治뺦ǣ
깫ޣҾһɣǸղ룬Ƕǿ͸ΪĴڡǲĵƿóǲɲεġ
һɣôһɡ
λŮСֻɵĲΣôẦλŮСͶλŮģС췢ġ깫æ˵
Ůе㲻˼ѵԼˡ
ⱪûл⣿
㣬ΪʲôҪͶǣŮʵ
λŮԼλŮĵһ棬С͸оλŮǲ͸¶ʥϢһָ߹󡭡ټλŮΪС²⣬Ǹ˻£ʣŮΪǿСܲóϷ
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ŮɺŮ깫þãתԵʣǵֻ߰ӣȻ깫˵ĺܸˡ
룺С۹⣬ˡ
ŮеΪѣͶǲǲУôһھܳ㣬ôôǵ
ŮҲǰǰǰ˵Ǵ޽ϵģǶûӦ㻹ûˣ̫ˡ
ǣǣǼһʯͷɾɣôô˲Σ
깫
һȰ˵깫ǼǺա
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Ӽ㿴óС˵лôڵĸֵǲԸ⡣
ڶ㣬ԼɣʵѾˣλС˵ˣ
˵λСɽģΪֻɽ飬Ųɺ͵ɵ˿
ȻҲա
ԼգôǿСڣԼղŲһѣúհ
⣬ҪǣԼΪʲôô
깫룬ֵλŮСȷǿСŵ㣬СϤСԷϤ
һ粻֮࣬깫˵컨׹
ŮɺŮ޺Ȼ֣СӺܲԼҪã֪ܶ࣬ὲ£˵ƺƺﲻ
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㣬㣬СԸǵŮĶˣʵ
ңң깫һ㶡
ĵҲ밡뵱£뵱Ǹղĥңʵû취Ž˱׼ġ
㣬Ը˰ɡүү˵ǲ£ﻹУȻСӲԸ⣬ͷɡŮɺʵϵ˵
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λŮСԸ⣬СԸġ깫֣С
Լǰװһᣬʲôû̵
ף㣬СԸˣŮ˵
СӣԸˣŮʡ
Ը⣬Ը⡣깫Ȼޣʱ򣬲ܿޣҪǿ
룺깫ʶ·󱳾ĵѣû뵽һϣ˭Ҳû뵽
̫ˣСӴӦˡŮ޻֡
ֻŮ޴СͳһƿһŻɫĵҩ˵СҩǵСˡ
깫һ򣬲ʣԼ
һ룬ȻӦ˵ȻҪ˿ƣпԭ
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º󣬺Ȼо򵥣ֻԼԪͱԴһɫĽƣһ㶼ӰԼ˼ά
깫֪ܿ˵ĵҩ߷ֶҩЧĵҩ
ߣϮߵԪ÷߳Ϊһܡ
ԼԵƺһǽ˵ǽƣʵҲһִ߶º󣬸оԼԪͱԴ׳˲١
ô˵ɣ깫ɳڵľΪɷⵤҩ󣬾羹ȻﵽɺڣΪֱӴﵽڡ
⣬⻹ǵҩһ˿˿ãƺи棬Լ֪
Ҹ׸ҵİٲݵߵԪͱԴȻûүү˵ƣҽ˾ͺŮ޽˵
깫žѡ
ʲôٲݵʲôģôԼĽƵҩһ
Сˣǡ
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깫ɵˣ
Ůˣ˵Ŷ֪ҸףҸػũסûʶ
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Ůã壬˻ԯҲû˵ǸûʶӡŮֵ
ͨ
ףСôˤˡ
ˣˣûʶѧҲ˵ˣҸ㽲ˡ
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ԼСˣȻ֮ػʺ˻ʵŮ
ҺԼû룬Ҫ˱˼ԼڽӰȥ硢ڤ硢ɽ磬ƺǱնɱľ档
깫ּˣȻĻԵȻλ˻֮ŮʶˣԼˣˡ
֮һᡭ
С깫СݼλŮСˣСһᡭ
깫˷ܵƣۡĸŮɺŮ޹ݡ
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̫ˡ仰깫ŮɺŮǰ̫ˡ
֮ǰеƣûˣԼȷ̫ˡ
ңⵤҩȻԼƽûκĴﵽɣȻɽȻλ˻֮Ů
ũģŮôĵҩò֡
ȻŮ޽һ仰깫ЩֻԵ
ֻŮ޵СӣҩãųΪǵֻܸĵҩ˹ʱ䳤ˣĵҩ㡣
깫һ㯡
Ů޿˿˵ţֻǺĲɣǺõҩǣΪ˵ĺͻۣûܶģԣǽɣʵǻһ֣˾ܳΪ޵ĵҩأ˵ʦүƵĵҩܳܳɾ׼ʥû֣֮úñ֡
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˴ίչصģŭѹΪ;絹ǽ
غ󡭡
ĸΪûʵ
ĸһ˵ǰҲþûˣǱչ˰ɣ
ǵ֪ԼչˡЦ
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̫ײѯ˺üΣ˺ֺһ֮Ȼûз
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дд
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ʥ˴ѹ˼˵ԸŤ˿𣬹ʶĴڣ塢Уġ
ϵɽ壬ǿܽܣֻһͨķˣһûκķˡ
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սԼĵߣԼٰ㽻þȻ
ϲˣԶ˵㲻ܲʵľͺͷ˽ϡ
뵽ҪǱ֪ˣԼδ棿

۵ķŭ
⻹̫ĸ棬ɷȣ̼޺ܴԵʡ
Ҫԭ켣еĺģȵĸ֮߰ϲεĻ֣ǲɷమĵ
Ѿǿ˺ܶࡣ
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һߵغ̫ҲòᣬȻˣս۵ĵߣԻٰ
ϢŭϢŭ̫һͷ亹۳˵ӣ£ڽ֮취أĪҪñ˷ˣǻܣܡܱסͥ档
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̫׵ĻչãղЩ½硣
⣬Ұ˺ӲҪĪҪ˷ֵ֡
⣿̫һ
Ҫɱĸ
ҪԼƴͱ½л͵һ졣
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ǣ꯵ݣ˻ʣһʾȻԼʦ֣ǲ˼顣
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ꯣ֪ҲˣũЦ
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⻰˵꣬ȱҲ˵ģֹˣΪ֪ͣЩˣٶҪӰˡ
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ţλ˵ˣǹܲ˵˵꯰ɡֹס˵ۡ
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׼ʥԲ治ϰʹôĺ칦鱦
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俪ʼ˳սɽڵſһ꣬˺ǱŭǺõģԼ˼ʦźʦΪԼһе鷳
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꯾ĸУûѭλ߲ҲףҪԼ꯵Ҳļ١
ĿĴﵽˣ꯴ҲǴӣԸҺֻҪ岻ͲṼ塣
ĴϯԱ֤δļʢ

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˿ԼͻƵΪеĿɽԼľġ
ֻе棬е㲻˼顣
Լ̶̲̫ʡ
Ǽʶɽ罾Եǿߣ崫˵еۣʥȵȡ
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ʣԼصʦɲʦţԼŬԼõ
ɽУ۽硢óԸҲ˼ᶨ
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ʦͽ˽һԼȥĸ׵жˡ
̤ѰҴ硢׺õ;

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ȶ񶦷֣Ժӵ츳һ޺ѣû˳Ϊ޽ɣʦԳ֣쵤ҩͻԵ
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ϾӺԵĸžôҪͻƸŵϣѺѡ
һõҲҪ޾µĻĥ㡣
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ԣɲΣԸ
ǡɾͲɣ񶦺Ͷȶȫõ
˴˿̵ľ档
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˲ǰɽѹĵط
εķ֣ҪȳӣĸףȻ
иӶһʧ䣬ļֺȻɿգĲᡣ
Ȼ
ôϡ
ڸӶΪѵʱˡ


834 ɽ
ף硣
꯼غ
ɣܣôˣ˵㲻ҪɡףΪ𲻵õģΪУΪλҪˣ
ӼǺܸˣ˺ֺǵǡ
ӵΪڴ۵ǰ£˾ˣһ꯽Σա
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״ǿ۵ĺ칦鱦ɽɽʯĿǣ˴˱ƿɽȳĸס
꯰ѿɽ˳ӸӶһ󼤶
ǰȶ񶦲û˵˵ǵΪƿɽС
ɸӶˣ»СҲȳףӣѳ˵ִ
ǲȳ˵Ϊ;Ҳн羡
ҪǣǶȶ񶦣˱֤
ֻҪȳǻ豣۴ͥ
Ҫġ
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ȥͥرۿأⱲӶûϣȳ
Ϊɣн»ãҲ޷˵ˡ
ӺԺ𾪣
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Ϊҥû뵽ġ
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꯸˵ĶԴ͸˵
Ϊĸ׹һогɾ͸С
ϾΪ;̫ͣкչԼ꯺ܾɥԼĹף꯺ܸˡ
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űԣҲͲǰϺиţ˵Ĺע
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ֿˡ

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׼ͽ΢΢һЦ߱˷ˣۻ֪˭ģһж˵ԤС
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ԱѹʼͿʼĥ֮ã˼˾ͻ׷ĥ
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ӵĳȫ֮һĴ˵Ǻǻ
һֳľ磬ԼĵԽĴ⣬׷Ŀ飬ֻеܶѡ
ڸտʼʱÿÿ˺Ԫʹࡣ
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죬ɽ𵴣ӡڼСˡ
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ס֣һ˺ѷεĺ
䣡
ˣʢŭۣǻںЩֱɱг֣ɣ׼ʥĶ֡

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ϢŭҲˡһԶ
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ȶ޵񶦣һжסֱӱɣҪ񶦺޵޲Ѿˡ
˭赲ң




835 ۸״
ֻһйȫۻˡ
ʥǰǳԿǶЩη塣
ۣȿȣ㵱Ҫ̵ж𣿡޵ʥĸ
û뵽ô
˱˭谭ҡ
Ѿ˺۲ˡ
һָԺӡ
ǰԼȥֿ
ס濾
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氮
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ʱ
ۣˣְɡ
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ǣǡۡ
ۣǲΪ㣬ԺӿɻȥԪ񲻿𣬴㷢Ĳһ˵鷳ӵ
ǸµߣҪۻǾҪѹˡ
ʢŭѾ˾»зҲҪ
УҪҪ۵
ߣҷȰһ䣬ʿɶֹѵ㻹ҪҲ𣿡౦Ц
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ʵղǷŭ侲˺ܶ࣬ɽŻĳ̫̫࣬ൽʱǸ⡣
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ɽ
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Ǹ
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ҿԼɺûҪŶľûδˡ
ҺãҺá
ɣӵöԣΪͣŴʲôʦӵûﲻԹ㡣
濶һŵŵʣʥ˻Ҫô˵ϺһС
⣿ҡҡͷǲԼĺ˵ˣǻСʺ֪ࡣ
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ӵ˵Ķԣõľ档
ĸˣžеʱ̡
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ء
үͯ
һ򣬱ͯӵģԼί״ԼĲƽ
ɡ
Уæ֮ǰıԴ
۵ĵһ棬Ҫˡ
ͯݼү



836 
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һ̾չҪʼģֻзȹĲһԲͶӰ磬Ҳܶ硣

ϰԼĻƿأ̫Ĳ֣̫ڻ׷Ѱʧ޼ʥ˵ǧ硣
ʱ䣬̫Ҫˡ
ǧѾʧ߳ɵıԴ̫ƿݱɺġ
ʱ򣬲̫ͻýзĿ
һ㣬ÿУ˿ʼٻʥˡ

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Ž˺ܶС籾ԴĲǿҡ
ˣѾȫҪտʼǰֳֻһʶͿת硣
⣬ԪӺŮˣԵʣʬһѾһ
̫о޴ĸ򣬺οˡ
ֻһʬһ
ѾԲȱٵֻһᡣ
죡
ٻһ㶣þûеõٻˡ
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ͯģʱλʥ˸оˡ
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ޱũۣǷԶ۵֣ϰʵƽʱһһλѡ
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гŮҲ⣬ֻӡԪʼͨͽն˶ʬˣһִûնأ˵ʬһˡ
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ΨŮ洷Ƶģû£û¡


837 ɢ
£׼ʥ٣׼ʥ֮¶Ҫٽܿ飬Ϊ֮أɣ糹׶ֵ
ʦѹλѣûУΪҲҪ٣׼ʵ
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úõԣȻ۸״˿̡
ǣƻвƲԼ
ôҪ٣һˣҪϰܵ۵ƿأǲİ
˵˵Ϊ˼û֪ǵߵΪùۣùҵȡԪʼŭ
ǣΪסˣҪ𡭡
Ҳ
׼ᱻʥһŭӣ۵Ŀⶼˡ
ǰ֪ʥƣֻʥƵߣ治֪ĸʥ˵ֶΡ
ˣԭ׼Ƶġ
һ룬ҪûƣԼ·ӽϣô˵ԼĵùȫĴðҵĻˡ
ԲӣΪһ¶ôĴ䣬߸ҵģǼƶͲ޳գǻôԣ׼ϡ
׼ͼƻˣŸζƵһߡ
ڱ˭ͱģ׼᲻룬ΪԽԽ£ܽҴԼλǡ
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ԭôҪ٣綼Ҫɽٲſ̣ٺſɳ棬ԭǣô
λʥ˲˵ˣһֻ֣񱮳ˡ
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˭ԼӵֿУԸõӶɽٸ롣
ЩںԤ֮У뵽ˡ
˵Ȼȥ룬ǧʱ̫ѻ֣Ҳǰµ˭ϰ񡣡
˵꣬ʧˡʥôˣ̫̫С
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˵Ԫ˵ϻûᣬȴ˼ˡ
ٻǻֻҪֵԼɵԼɾûҲˡ
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ʦܣӦб仯ˡĬһ
Ŷ׼һ㶣ʣʦֺ⣿
֮ǵʵ˴ǰǰĴڣʶ֮и˵ֵܵĵʵǺ洫֮ǼΪΪѣ֮Ѱ޾£һֱǵף֮ϵΪǣҪ֮һдɾͣǲܵģֻ辶
ֵӴ˴η񿴵ĳ֮һڻԲ˵Ȼпޣʦû𣿵֮飬û̫Ĺϵɵ˵վţ͵ϵˣˣⲻʺǡ
˵꣬׼˳˼
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ÿζ̿Ŭ̫ͷ֪
ΪŬĹˣԱͷ
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ɵΪħɢ޺ü桢ĺ½ѹΪ
˵Ϊ˾ɣʢ١
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ĸΪȻ⣬ʿ
Ļ֮ΪһɡħˣԼ·ʥ˱ӻûٵĿ顣
壬ϵԵʣɡħܺͣΪԳɷԲҲǿʢ
Ψֵܣʲôˣ֮¹Ӳд
뵽ˣ׼һ
ֵʦ˰ɣ˲ʢԼĵûĸΪֿ˼꣬룬ǲŬЩߴˣҪʢֻնǵ··ϼΪֳΪ𣡡
𣬷֮𣿡׼һ
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𣬡ߡҲѵĳɵΪ𣿡ֵǧǵħɡˡڤƽΪ֮
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˵꣬׼ˡ
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˵꣬׼𾪣ʦֲһˣĴƻɱԼǰСǿ
ֵң˴Ҳв룬ʦûУһᣬǵϰ࣬ƿص˸󣬴ַ֮Щӵ˴Ҳһûûջ񣬻ΪڲףײдɾͣȻ˵ĺܶԡ
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׼ˣⲻ˵˴Լĵ˻ʧء
ʦ룬ǲɱģֻҪһжֵáοΪû˵ǵ״ϵһЩ޹ؽҪİˣǷ𣬶ٴ׳󡣡
˵꣬׼һʦִǻۣʦܲ硣
ȴһп˵ʵҲ˱ѹʱΪһֱ˼ˣҲһֱǿԼĵģ˷Լµĵ·ĸ˵Ҫл𣬺Ǻǣ
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һǿĹȡ
ھһУʥѧԺʶ
ʥ޴½ѧԺ࣬ʥѧԺͬʱħʿĴѧԺ
һרѵħʿģһרʿġ
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ٻȥ֣Ѿȥ£һǧǰΪɵһ죬ʥȥֵֿȫ䣬ʥʵ䣬Ψλлڡΰ䣬ס֣ЩûбаħɱĹ֮ͣգʥҲаħĴս½߳ɵŻϢ
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ֻһӣֻȣһЩҪħһЩбصңԼһЩϡԴʼѹΡ
һʱˡ
ִλ񣨽ɲΣԼһץסˣԼˣ



840 սƷ
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ۿȴϲЦտΪѹ˺ܶԴ
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ҪЩ飬ǻԽ׳
÷ְ̫еԾ



841 Ļ
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μΰΨһĴڡ
޷Ĵʻƺֻ̫ܰԼ뵽ߵĳƺ̫
ɡ̫һǡ
ȽɳƺΪ𡭡Ȼܻǰ¡̫˵
һʮףԭΰߡĴڣе
ڡԼܼǰ¡е㲻
̫ڵǰã컨ܾӳ
ֻҪĬ𣬾ܼס̫
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̫һ޵Уһֲսʤ
Ϊ޵УԲħʲôδ֪ΣգħϡҵԻաĵõȵȣЩѱ̫Խĵɽޡѹ
ʵҲ̫ǿ֡
˵һЩħϡħԻõȣĿ飬Ѿ̫Խˣ̫ûħԻõĿ顣
򵥵Ľ;ǣʮ̫ǾţжĿĥǰˡ
𣬿ѹһжħϡ
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Ϊ֮ǰã컨ܼסںĽף̫׺
Ҫס̫Ҫ޵С
һٸоʮŸڵĲȵʱĬ𣬵ǲ֪˭ΪǺߵһ֡
ֻһ֪Լ޵̫Ǵ޵
̫ʮû⣬кٵĲΣֻвʮ
ҵʮУƷֻ
Ҳ˵һ׼ʥֻˡ
⻹кܴǰ²С
ǰǣֲĸͷﵽʵ޵С
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̫һתиǰЩûУ
̫ʮָźĵǧ׼ʥԼʥˡ
ֵУǺĴǺĸ֣ǿѡͶǵ£һǵİȫõϣҲһȫĹڣϾˣҲҪӦĵ淨򡣶淨ʵȴǰһǿʳҪߵĸԶڴǰҪ򱶡
Ψһϵľʵǣʵǵ·Ҳ޾ĥѵǣȶǴǰһС֮ӣر˵ҲףԼѡɣ
̫˵꣬ѡĻᡣ
ʮ鲻ɵ̫˼
ǿʳһǺĵĹ֮ǰǿС߳ƣɵ˺ģֻǿп޵Ĵڡ
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Ψۿ͵һãѵ忴Ĵ½ˣԼҲ˰
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⡭ǧСУ飬Ȼˣ˷˳ƺ壬ԼȺ
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ǻعһԭôǿǿ
ǿ߶ģλҲǣû뵽
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ࡢ顢ԪطࡢࡢࡢʯɽȣԼַĸ壬ȴе㯡
ôǿÿ綼һ
ҪǣȻԡ顱Ѻð
Сʱһĳǵ˺òƲˡ
ת֮塱ĹûУΪûҪת
ɵ˺Ĳһˣĵĵһת۵㣬ǡ
һ̾ǸĿ֡

ĵļûʱȥ²Щ뷨˵Ļ˼ˡ
ûٶ½Ŀ󣬲ܵõá
Ҳˣڹ⣬½뷨Ҳ󣬺һ˭ôࡣ
ۿܱ֮ǰͳͥϰ˸߸ϣͥģ۵ģѾ׷ˡ
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ͬ⣬Ҳֻ֤Ҫλѳ½УԸ⸶Ļرۿֱӿˣ´ǰѡ
ۿѣġĻᣬеģûҪᣬܲǡЦ
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ôʮءǵãȴ½ˡ
½壬̫쵶ն
⣿ۿˡѵˣ
л𡣡˷ˡȻԼʥ棬ʥĸʦ𣬻ġ
ֵ̫½ҲۣúʥںϽģʱҲһȻҲҪóһĲˡ
ۿ˿ԭǡԼˡ
ۿ룺Ū̫ˣŪòǰ½ӹȥһ룬ȻǱãҲǺ½ͬȲεġ
л𡣡һݡ
˶ͬˣ̫һ
쵶նĺá
ֱӶʮߴÿһǺĴڣһ壬һ塢һ塭һţûˡ
ѡɣֱ̫ӵ
˳̫һ֣һںĴǿĴУ̫˽ʮ顣
һˡ
ʮ壬붼ûֱѡȥ壬˵üЦ
úһ£ǰ;ǺܴģûУҲһǿĶ顣
нʮֱȥ壬ۿҲ˷ܣ䲻壬ϾںϣԼۣϸͳǡ
ʣµĲʮſʼѡ
Ȼ˶ҪģһЩеĸֱ֣ӹҳսƣʾӡ
㡭
һֵ⡱ʢˣõ࣬Σ֮壬١
ʣĲǺĵСһЩɢһЩ֡
Ͳ٣ǵõۿĿһۣһ¡



842 Ԫ
ĴӪ
˴ȫʤõĻرͺô֮ܵ˾벻ġ
õ˹£õһĴ½Լʮ顣
Ĵ½Ϊջ½ж
ں⿴Ǳֺǣʱʾޱȡ
Ĵ
һ߲ϲЦտ
½绢Ҫ˴½˵ȡ塣˵
˵꣬һ˼ǰҪ֡
󣬸߲ȥȡ˸֡
ƺֻбĶʺϣȻǽ߲ס֮أֻܽ
ĸ߲⣬ľʺõĺ󱲣Ҳڵ֮ϣһΪδ
˺һΪѡ
̫ˣֱյĸо
ֻܴȵߣűһ½ڿдΣ
߲㼸ᵽ׳Ϊʥء
ȻսƷ
սƷʮ̫Һʹޡ
죡
һʱӦʮ޺̫ңǿӦ˺ĵķ
ںģ׽ĵ壬Ǻĵĳ
Ǹһ˽ˣΨһУǿ
֮ʮĸ߲㣬д˷ʶıӻдʥĸӻȵȡ
֮ǿ壬ϣһǿ
ǣҲе㾪֣徹Ȼֻߴ׵Ĵڡ
ߴֻɽɽķڤ硣
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ֻ֮صĴй٣Ҳѳ֣涼ܿǿ
ǿӻǷſеĹǣ㾡ںϽȥ
ˣҲˣķԴأʥĸ졣
֮ܶǰС磬ֻǴӺķɢȥƬйͬȺ͸
Ǽ٣߲Ѹٵں˽ȥйͬȴڣںϼ


߲㶼ڣʮλʮѡġ
˴˴εĻ顣
ϸ̽ȵĸ֮⣬֮С֮⣬ûб֮УЩطȷܲνһһ롣˶˵
ʮʮеٮٮߣΪߵģǻ׿ġ
ʥħʦ˵ʵǺͨеһǣǣԺ˵̫ձˣӦװɣ˵
꣬ʥһЦô᲻ס
ԼǿħȻֻǺ޾ͨеһǣѡ
ʲôǣǹͨʩչһССȫħĴԲ
ںĵͨǼʶԺŵ亹ܡ
ȻͨħҲǣŸѣͨȴԪؼĳнӡ
͵һأǾ;˵ˣԪͨ۴ؾˡࡱ
ϸһ̫ˣֱ㡣
ԼһϵĴؾˣҪǣҪͨҪַܶһ֤鲻顣
زһǸ˶ᣬǿˣֻҪʩչأҪͨһͷУⲻ˲ħ
˲ħ̽Ѱռ壬ͨɵĴﵽˡ
ʮʥħʦʣ֪ħ
һħλ޲ελչ˵ħСơ
ţףϾǼһĵȻ߸Խǿ϶ġ˰ο
ˣ˭һĵȻСƣ˭ܲˡ
ũȰο˵ĲΨһĻԵС޾лԵɾͺ飬ĻԵǵȷӱȣʱ䣬ҲΪǿıݣǿܸǸĻᡣ
ǣһħʦͷҲġ

ʿҲˣ޷Ǻ޵һ˸棬ǣҪħãħվ̫̫ͼˣһַѡʿһķܲΪשǿԸɵת
һʿܿģȷǱħʦҪǿҲת
ֵиǿСС̹С֮塷Сʥ塷С̫塷ġȵȣȺǿ֮Ҳǿġ塷ǰʮǿ֮֮⣬кܶʿƵ֮ȵȡ
ǿġ塷⣬Ƕ¡塷ҲǰӦеĹס֪С磬еǹȣеǴеԼΪ𡣵ǣס
˻һתķǹǿı׼֮Ϊ֮ҪأǺĵһֵȻǵڵķ͹ɣǱҪķ档
ҵףءص
ĸ嫣ɲ⣬һжԲǵС磬һжҪ˺ܶܶࡣ
ǻʲô֮Ǹ߲ĻǲҺ˼롣
֮֮
ɵ壬塭һֻԼĵſɳƺΪ
ĵĶˡ
޺ǿûԼĵǿǿʵȴһֱǿ
˱̬󣬷˵ʽǶҪޡԪ֮Ǻ֮ҲǺܶ޵Ĺ˵һʥĹɲ⡣


843 
Ԫ֮ҲǺ
ǵģ
̫ġ⣬Ԫõ֮
һԪ޽ɶĹ
飬е㴫еģеģΪģⱾ
Ҳ˵׽Ӵ⹦
ǣ
Ϊô㣬ô󣬻Ȳġ塷أ
ΪԪۺһ֣ѡ
֣ѣ֣̫ˣĸ֡
˹ҲǺһǷı׼ߴ֮ǰΪˣҲԼź󱲡
ֱԪ
˭˵Լţȵ˼ġԪ
Ԫʮ㣬ֱָԪ޽ɶ塣
һӦɣӦɣӦɣĲӦɣӦ̫ҽɣɶӦ޽ɣ߲Ǵ޵˲ǻԪɡŲǻԪ޽ɳڣʮǻԪ޽ڣʮһǻԪ޽ɺڣʮǻԪ޽Բ
񣬿Żı׼
ô˵ɣһɲε飬޳һ㡢޳ɶš
˵ҪǽɡԪĲ㣬ԵȵĲΣ𶼻ָ¡
Ϊ̫̫̫ѣԪѾˡ
ǺŵΨһ׼
ҲǺĴ޵Ĺ
ȻΪֻǺŵı׼ǾʹشˣΪˡԪĺôֱľˡ
ô˵ɣһԴĹ
һһɱ䣬òüޡԪɡ
ûкõʦźʹУżޡԪɣʦͨĹǰ㹻㡣
ûǿˣżޡԪɣֻҪгɾͣô˾ˣΪԪ˾ˣʹ˵һֳ֡
֮ܵĹ˵ǲԵģҪԶ̫̫ࡣ
̫չãġ
̫Ŀ
뿿ⲿˮ׼
һΪˮ׼ӡ
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Ψһȱ̫ѣĿǰûһ߲㣬Ӧǰ޵ĲΣʥˡ
ݴҪ˵߲㣬ҲУ޿ɵʥ
˼ǣǴޣҲԵֿ׼ʥ
ڰ˲ˣУԪ޵С
˼ǣԪ޽ɺʥ֮޵С
ûһԽڳˣԪԽ
̫ݻĹʱڣ޴ħյĹ
£ⲿԪôǿ
ػۣӼ̡ӵġ
֪̫εǸʱɵ̫һΣҪֻǶôĿֲ
˵д̹ŵѹƣѹƣĻһޱȵĿֲ
ۺеأԪǺĵһֵ

塣
˶һ̫Һʹ˵
סԪĿ˰ɣ
һ³˹ĴʣʣĹؼΪ˵ǺҲһΪôձ飿
³˹ɻҲʮ˵ɻ
ûˣĹؼôձ飬Ǵǰֱ
ǣһλߵǰ˼˵п޶ѣ˼ҵ뷨˽ģǼѣʴȴ칦ҡҡͷ
뷨˭֪
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ԯȻ˹滮ôҲ˵˵
ս£һжսڵѹбƹܣҲףǿ󣬵Ҳǿһкܶ˻ˣȻҪ
ԣһʱ䣬ǳӦ֮󣬱ʻǷֳĸӣ֮󡭡Ҫôս׬ȡͣҪôΪѹһ
岻ˣ֮д˿̵ǿҫƴɱġ
ڳƣǡ
ǿ󣬵һеģҪС£ҪӰš
֮ũҲ˵һָͼƻũǴܹܣܹķ档
ҳ˲ٹ˲ţмص顣
Ͼÿһ鶼óսиó
壬˽ǧʱ䣬˴˴εսƷ
һҲεսƷ
̫ȴڷַɺȥȡԼսƷˡ
֮ǰԵʣ̫ľ޼Ĳ㣬ôùȥˣ̫Ҫﵽ޼ˡ
ǰûбԴ̫ż
ǧϮֿ̫ԺһﵽΪ޼ɵĵز
֮⣬һʥ;УûбʥҲ̲ˣǺĶд
ʱطѽҲĲˣܷСɣǺĸһʱ̡
̫У
⣬û뵽ȴǷĿ̫һͺ̫ˡ
ʥԼʱѵʥһУ


844 ۺۣȪ
Ϊ졢̫ʴۣ΢ΪޱϷϼΪ壨ũ໪ΪۣЧڤۺ
İ̫˵ͷ
ũޱˣȷƴ
̫ҲеɻˣΪũʹԲ˵Ѿ
Ϊλг۵Ĺλ
ѣũ̫ʵ
ҡҡͷϵҲǲ֪ɷ£Ϸϼ֮λȷũ
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˵ĺ͹
˿ũ⡰ġܴ󰡣ҪϷϼ۵Ĺλ
ƣȻ£ҵȾ˳Ӧشơ̫룬ʱҲףȽ˵
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Ҫ⡣
̫ɣʴÿȥɡ
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ȻҲǴˣ֮ˣз֮ˣһͬ޵еΪܺʡ̫
Ҳûԣ˵ȻѾʺϣǾÿȥɣ󻤷ϸд˻Ե
š̫˵ͷ
Ѿ֮ǰĿд˵飬зϵˣɾ
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ӡҪͻ׼ʥȴˡ
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⣬֮ףѾˡԪĵزӽ߲ˡ
㶥ġԪߵĲΣû˴ﵽ߲㡣
˵ͨɫ⣬ˢ¡
˿̵ĿǻĹš̫šԶŵ׼ʥֲ׼ʥһˡ
㡭˾̫ʺ󣬺ʣڤۺ۵ѡѿо
ۺۣ̫һ˼
ۺڤŹأعҪʵǿᣬҪǻ۲ſɡ
ǰԪӶʬƿΪ˴顢顢ڤʬһԪӶʬĲ
ԪҪʬһۺ۵ȷҪˣʬһơִʬһҲ˵Ϊһ塣
ʬһĸ壬ԪӻҪڴ֮ڣΪȴںϽ֮ӣɾͻԪ޼ɡ
һۺҪض
̫еüĿڤһǻȪڤһħڤ
Ȫڤʺϳɾۺ۹λ
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˵ʺϵڤӣڤӵѪ֮Եʣе㼫ˣʺϡ
ο̫֪̳ɣеزһ׼ʥȴļһһڤġ
ʱ̺ϸôˣشƵǣһ治Ҷǡ
̫ߣ޼ʥǷһƣ֡
ڤܴ
̫ѹǣκһҶ󶼲ãҪƽģοڤôҪĵط
ĲɷԾĽͶȡɡ
ʥ˲ֹأ
ˣڤδ棿
ѹͲʵ̫̾ȡɣ̫òá
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ΨеǴҲвࡣ
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ڤӰŸۺۣҷķ𣿿ǲҡ
룿
¾ͿɣŲĴ֮Ȼ⣬ҪҵλʺţƽֶΣеΪĻڤ簲Σࡣ
ţȻȪͺ̫
ƣ
Ӧˣ̫ʼʩ

ڤ磡
ɽĻȪ͵˫ۡ
һ˫ڤ˫޶ˣɲǣɽڤڤ֮硣
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ħĸҶʣֻ˵ȪѷģȥӵķԸɡ
Ȫ˵ͷһĹ˸ּ̫һ󣬺ᴩ磬ֱС
󣬻ȪһǰˣһǵһǺһصϵһۿȥѹء
Ȫݼ
ȪĹأûõк̧ͷ֪ԭһּԼ
֮أʥ֮أĵ
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ڡ
ǰһԵҪ㵣𡣡
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ţҲ͵Ŀ⡣
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ȪĻģ˿ĺ
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Ϊ׼ʥڣҪնȥʬĸ֣Ȼˡ
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Ȫģѭڤ編ƽ
Ȫģ̫˵˵ͷĵˡ
ƣһȥɣۺٻ㣨ԪӶʬ̫˻֡
Ȫվ𹧾ĶһݺʧʧС
ĴæߵҲæ
̫ˣԵúܼ򵥡
Ϊ֤ѡ
Ǿ仰Ƴɾ޼ʥˣҲС
޼ʥǷԻһĺϵߣǲ׳ֵģǴһķ
Լ֤֮󣬺Ҳ뿪ˡ
ָһ㣬ǧѵؼʥ˼
Ǹǰ̫ʺڤۺۣ͵ȷĲˣ߸ѡ
еʱ䣬̫ǰӭսǧС磬ȡ౾ԴʥԼ顣
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Ҳһ˴ʤԭ
˵ǿʼѣ˴˴εľ飬󶨻ỹС繥ģʱǿ顣
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ѿ׼
ˮڣһеü桢ĺǣʱΣʱǳ־ǣǵĺ֡
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ǺǣָǣǺѡȻвʶʱģҲƣ޷γ壬ûơοͿսȤǺһ컯ʱǴκʹ졣
ǺǡЦЦû˵̫ػҰ
̫ҲʵСҲпȡ֮ģȡںĽ
ţ˳Ľ;ͬ顣
ƣ
˽ֻ׵Ļ
ģʵҲһߡ
һࡱ顱



845 ǩ
ݼ𡢵棡
ʥ̫ͺúˡ
µǧ֮Լѵˡ
ˣʥ̫ˣڷ񲻹ˣ̫ȥƿؾͺá
ԣʥĿɿڴУѷ񱮸̫ˡ
϶֪͵
ֹ̫
ʥ
Ǳʾʲôûڵ͵ЦЩСã
ȿȡ̫һçײˡ
˻߸ʥأ
ΨһŮŮ洱ЦЩЦʦ̫Ʈ졣
մӻһСҴĵע⡭ţԷ֮ϲ̫ף˵˵
ʥ
ʥˣ𲻴Цġ
ȿȣʦ𡣡Ԫ룻ʦӹҲס
ʦ𣬵ǰ˵
֪̫һԪӻ˵һ顣
ţ֪ˡ̫˵ͷʣȻˣȿ˭ϰ˭ϰ񣿡
ûСʥе亹ֹ
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첻ˣԴɽ󣬼ʱеļչء
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ɺ󣬻Լʽڷɵһ̡
죡
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ʦ깫˫ݷ̫ǰ
ֻ̫һ֣ʣľˡ
˶鱦ǺĲɴ£ĿǰŮ洱䡢ɽ绤ݱһ䡢ľһ䡢Ԫӱһ䣬Ǳµĵ߶䣬о飬ֿħԪȵ
ֵϾںĩлԵɾʹ˿ΪȻԹƫִز׹ħʶ´˱д˱Ԫ㽫׹ħħɡ⣬˱ǿķǶ鱦ɱ޾£ѾڼƷ鱦ɡ

ʥ͵İʮƷȥ
һʱգϴӵһ󴿾
ллʦ
깫Ľӹû뵽鱦
鱦޾Ȼϵһ̨鱦
һ̨鱦涼óƷǿ󣬵ܺĹ
̨֮鱦ģġ
깫˵ҪԼΪ̨Լ鱦ͻᱻᡣ
̫˵
̫Ĳ̨࣬Ӷࡣ
̨Լ̫̫伫Ʒ鱦ε̨
̫״£̫Ź͵ġ
⻹侻ڴ깫һ䣬侻
䶼޾£̫;У䱾Դǿ֪
ҪǴ鱦ܵǣ»ξǴ޵ĲΣѾˡ
֮⣬ǰѹ̫û˽Ĺ½ʮƷĶ鱦̫Ҳò
˵̨̫鱦ࡣ
Ҳ࣬ǼƷεġ
̫Ԫˮ죬дӡԪʼͨûյƷ鱦֮
̫ĸ
һֱòסʱԲ̡¯ȣ̫㵱ղˣòţõĵá
Ĵɽ󡢻ӡ̹ᦡ̫ͼ̫ķοЩ鱦
ߡ컯ԪһŸŮʬһһһֱɽ磬Ѿɽһʥء
Ȼ̫һѴﵽƷ鱦컯һԪһֱɽѹĺ̫Ҫˡ
⻹˵ûƵ鱦ԼһЩǰûдµ鱦
˭У̫
̫Ϊߵһ鱦òҲһֱɡ
̫ʱȣ̫Ѿòˡ
Դ¾̫и󵨵뷨
깫˷һ鱦֪Ҳ˱кܴһǿ˿ɵѹֻŵĿ飬Ƕǣ˱ʥ˽ɸҽܣ
̫ʵ
⣿
깫ˣ鱦ʥ
㲻صǣ£ʥ˲ɱ㣬ֻʥ˽֮󣬾ʥ˿־屾ϣҲᡮȥɸң
깫ܾȡ
ǣΪʦԼĿ飬ԼΪɽʲô
ʦĴۣ깫ʡ
ڣֻضѡ̫ش
ֻأ깫ЦˣֻغðУֻٻˣ½ֻء
ʦͽˡ깫ᶨ
ƣ
̫ĵ˵ͷ깫һߵĻԵ¶ʱ¹֮
Դ깫֮죬մȾ
ģ֪׼ĵ׼ħĴ£ǰӣֻ󲻵ùİӡ
ò˵׼ǿ
̫Ҫ깫ǡ
ֻ̫գһ߲Сˣʱʥ󣬿Ŀɿڴ
깫׼ʥ˵ĳɵǰ׼Ϊѹãûĳɵ߱Ǵ鱦׼ʥǳɵҲǱûպǶ鱦ĲΣ˱õϣɣ׼Ȼ֪˱㣬¾뱾֮ҲԸ˱ãز٣´˱˵
̫˵ꡭ
깫ڲĲ֪룬ꯣ
̡
¡
ֻͷ޶ƺ֡

һҽУĲᣬҲյĲᡣ
ʵˣʦѹʥΪͷûʥ˵ĳɵŵġ
ŵԪ궯ĲȣЩʧء
̫µ׻꪿ʼˣԪȣȻή׽ٺꯡ
ԣ꯲ҽűա
ŮɺŮ
깫侲
ʦͽˣΪ£ͽﲻκεΣΣҲǻԵͽͺʥ˽ɡ깫˺ģӹ߱
ƣ
̫⣬׼ƣ깫ҲƲ硣
˶깫׼ᶼҪС츳
ǿĻ깫׼츳Ͳһˡ
깫ֱںһ˿׼ǿħת̶ġ
ơȣ깫츳
̫룬ҡҡͷȷҪڽ׼У깫Ҫſɡ
뵽ˡ
̫˿ɵñһڽ׷ͻյꯣֿ˿ŵ깫
̫ΣҲǻԵǹԲǰ;׼ᶥ㣬ǽ֣֮Ҳնɱ㣬ġ
깫һ


853 ױ
һˣ̫ŮɡŮޡꯣһȮһڱ
磬һ·ϵХ
꯻ûʦѹʥ߳
߳ˣ̫ԲΪͷһ·Ǳı׵𲻶ϵĹ
أˡȮǱӣͷɢģͬ顣
侲ģǴǰ깫
ƺ֪Լδ·Ϊ̣̣򲻵ʱʹá
ΪǰʹãʹԼʧˡ
ΣͿ飬깫֪ʦԼĻԵ
Լץסˣǰ;
ץס½ĻԵʧȥ
дﵽԼƽΪҲעˡ
ȴһĻԵԼһҪץס
깫ܳĬ
Ůһ·Ϻܻ죬ЦĺԶ
˶̫תҪָ䣬Ҫ׼ʥĲΡ
ǰǲУֻǰǰ䣬谭Ǵµľͻͽ
㣬Ůﵽ׼ʥپǰ䣬ԲںϣںϺһ
ʴˣעŮΪûﵽ׼ʥǰһֱִ˿̵ģ
ʱ䣬
̫ǰ˺ö̫Ƕˡ
ѣĽͩ˺ĺͺͯӣĳˡ
ŮɺŮˣ̫ϲԴĺͯ
ΪΪ̫ߣԿͯһġ

䡪ʦ쵽˰ɣ꯵ɼѸǿ
ĥãʮԴͻԴ߶൱ǿ
ţ̫˵ͷͽ
ʦ쵽ˣ˰ɡ꯿ɲ˿ԼҿԼ
ΪĽҲᰤ
ҲãĴӵҪġ̫˻֣ɢȥ׽ٺʱ޿̵ġͽ䡱
һꯣڲرˡ
ٵǱһ׽ͷɢˡ
һ֣̽Լĺÿ죬ǿѾ޽ӽĲˡ
ʦһã˵á
ֲʦ˵ǰĥģͻ˽٣Ǳʦʯĥġ
ͦעΪ

һˣƵ˶

¡
ֻϣһͯڷйŲġ
ûʦʦȻΪ˼ԼģԼһơ
е߸ܲˡ
һܵ˶˻ǧأйŲ
ˣ
壬ɽģȴǴǰĺԼһء
ԭһΪĺôĵطǲŹġ
עͳˮ壬ΪһĺϺз硣

̫ӣһ۲۵ĻѱԲ̡
֮ǰܵһĽѵɱŮޣȺͻѵĲᣬֻԪ
̫˺ܾã͵˺ܾãͷ˺ܾá
ͣű˳ΪǿĻָˡ
ûϹתƣ̫Ӻܲõë
Ȼ㣬ҲڶתƣȥˣԲתҲû¸ɡ
ԺĴת£°˲ŮӣҲİá
죬̫ѲӶˡ

̫ӵ£ˣиӴֶѲҹ档һз
ʲôд̫ŭˡ
Լ䱻㣬ԼµģֻҪȥţԼѾʥ˭
̫ȥ

ȴ˵һߡ
ѲҹξѲӴ󺣡
죡ȴǷ˼죬ͨŰһ硣
вˮ
Ѳҹ֪ǰ̽飬ڷŭе߸
ְѲӺأȻŹ߸ʢŭ߸
һˮѲҹ߸ˡ
󵨣޶ס֡

̫ӶʱԾˮ棬尺쳤Х
˭ҲҪֹСү𣿡߸ߵ
̫һ㶣ֱдˣڶ£ԼѲҹ棬ԼǰֹȻֹ
ٿ֣üһһ鱦ǬȦ籡֡֡ǹ
Լν̫ӣûһġ
⺢µģ̫Ҳʲô񣬺߸һԡ
Զ׼
øƿС޶ֺˮ岻˵ǴɱѲҹ棬ھв̫ӣ

һ鱦ʧˣһΪǸҪԼģһս
һ磬˻ǧء׵⣬ĩһŰһ顣
嵹ùˣ޳̫Ӽ߸Ǳˡ

ʦǸ쵰Ů޺̫һۿ
Ů޼̫ӵʱ򣬲ɵԼ̫ӵķŭ޼
㣬ǸŮɾȵ
ʦ߸£̹߻ˣ޶ֺô깫һ
ţŮͯӣȴ̰棬֪˴α£ԪʼύŮ洣ӣҪĥѰ̫

̫͡һѪԪ
棬㲻ˣСүնɱ
̫ӣվ߸̫ӡ
̫ӵĴսһ鱦߸ӮˣƤõˡ
ֻ̫ӵԪˣ̫˵ùڶˣڶα˻
ʧ
ˡ
߸ɢȥ˱
Լջ񣬺ܸˡ
ƤʲôĴȥ׸Լʦ͸ףʦ͸׾ͲԼˡ
߸ױ󣬳ɵ˵ӣ㴳ˡ
Ϊһףе㵣ģæ߸ȥ̫ˣֻ̫ܱӻ߸
̫Ҽ߸߸Ϊˡ
ǰ
߸ᷢ׷ɱĿĲݡ
ˮͳʲôģͲɵΪһ޾
ж£ΪһɽǺ׵ġ
Լˣĳͷɡ
ûˮͳأҲвᷢġ
ǲ𲻿ܣ̶ѣ岻¡
һһ֣ؽ̲֪ΪԼ˵֧֡
֪ؽ̵Ĵ㣬ⱻãΪһոˡ

߸Ǳסģô˵Ϳ̿׷ɱһγɣһҶðʯŽؽ̵ʦʦˡ
Ϊ׵ģǿѹ̫˵Ĺʥĸ
֮ǰɱͯӣʯܲģҲ̫ұԼʦʥĸ
ʥĸ֪󣬸о̫ĿŵĺԼˣ̡
棬֪ˡ
̳һɽϣԼסˡ
λɡӲڴ˵أǬԪɽⶴ̫˵λɡĪҪǣ޹ҵĻ޹ء
ߣǸӢۣɣѹһңҪЮ̫ҽ߸

һұѹĴӶӣ߸ľ߸֪󣬴ƴ
߸ľ߸ƴȺ⵱ʦܲƴ
زìܣױˡ
Яؽˣ̫ˡ
̫˴ȺѾ̫Դˡ

ʦܣУ߸ʦ̫˷ŭ
ʦ֣ʦŵľҲǺŮʥϵܴġο߸ֻȥѣ˺ƾǣʦӦˡȺ
ǣǣҵͽ̫Һܡ
ʦ֣Ҳ̴󣬻һͽҪҪװȺ
⣿̫һ̾



854 һһ˵
߸Ů洶Խؽ̲ԪʼŮ洡ϡ
߸Ʒ˵ȡ̫Ȼܡ
ʦˡ̫į
ʦ֣ʦ֪ΪѣǰʦܵĵԡȶʦֵĵӣҲ۵Ĺϵʦܿⲻһ׳Ҳ̵ĻᣬǸ߸һĻᣬֻ㣬ܳһ㡣
Ⱥ˵Ļ̫Ҹͬܣֻ
Ⱥֵ⣬ʵ߸ԵʣؽѾ˵ǣˡ
ǰ̫ҵһ̾
Ϊ߸ĹϵѾͽؽߵĺܽˡ
ɲⱻʹ壬һʥ壬С

̫ҹ
ؽ£ǬԪɽǰ
һɱڣš
ڽⶴ߸ƺԼĴɪɪʦסˡ
ͽĪ£ԵĻҪԣΪʦǵóѵġֻǣֻԻ찡̫߸ԴһĴȰ
ΪһʦǺϸģҲ˵ģ찡
ǿĵˣҪŮʥ˵ʦţ̫ûзء

Ⱥ̫˫ĿʵŴĽؽˡ
̫ң𣿡ʵ
ܾǰ;飬ǴΪΪԼš
βһˣԼվġ
߸ֺԼĺֹԵʣ޿֡
ߣЮһڷʲôȺһͯ޳ܡ̫Ц
˵ֿؽ̣ȣɻһһҵ⣬Ȼͨ˶ƶ֣޳ܡ
ߣ̫Ҳı䲻ʵӺΪѾմȾҵȰٽ߸Ǳ
룡̫Һǳ
Լ߸߸ܱȫԪֻҪһ˵ƻ
̫ǲϴˣҪһɣ
ߣҪƶӣȱ˽ˣһ˵̫ȵ
Ȿõġ
ͽ߸Ůʥ֪ˣʲô
ֻԼ֮ίȫ߸Լ
Ȼıȫ߸̫˺ʹȺõġ
ˣϻ˵
̫ҺʹȺϣƾҪ
ͽؽ̵ʯԼʥĸҲǳصģĵ̫ǲڰǾһ˵עǿΪġ
䣡
ʯ϶˴ȺˣûƿĴȺˣһҪ˺öࡣ
㣬ҲǼ򵥵ĽɫǱַĺ֮ǰΪ
ôãǼ򵥵Ľɫ
㣬ǴԲʿڵʯĴȺ˲ռϷ硣
һߵĹʥĸεľ޹תͶͨ¡
ؽУˡ౦Ķ౦ǹʥĸ
ͨ춼˵ɾǹ顣
ڲ̣Ҳȼּġ̳׼ʥӣûһǸ˵ѹ顣
עˣ
Ⱥ̫ʹ˻ȻǹĶ֡
˴սһ֮󣬿׼ʱĹ飬һ̫ˡ
̫˺ûӵײһɽ
¡
ɽ˲⣬ನХǧ

ڽⶴУһɪɪ߸Ϊηչһز
Լֻں﷢йһ£ȻһѣԼŹԪΪλ
ã̫ʦֲʥĸˡľ߸
Ǻã׺ĸ׻ѹأɺޣʲô߸һա
磬ɱ׺ĸװɣľ߸Ȼ
⣬⣬ⲻܣУⲻеġ߸ҲˣҪĴɱ˸סĸô죿

ֵܵĶԻţɪɪ߸ܴ
ŷ֣Լ֪ѾʦˣѾø׺ĸǣԼȴɪɪ֪롣
ⶼԼĴԼĸɣ׺ʦסԼˡ
ȥˡ
߸ƺ˲䳤һܼȥˣԼҪеΡ
硢磬Ǳż߸ȥеǡ
Ȼ䡣
Ľ߸ľ߸ֵܣȻ
ܣˣʲôʱ˻£ȥʥĸǲҴɱʦġ߸е㲻ͷ
һжԼµĵܵܣɵܵܲ£Լ⵱ô죿
ǰ£߸һֱ¡߸ֵǰ߸Ҫˡ
˵꣬ڽ߸ľ߸ľУֻ߸Ѹٵķɳ˽ⶴ

ס֣߸ڴˣһһ˵ĪҪǣʦ
ۣȴսľ档
߸ȥȥ̫ƺ֣Լⲻµĵӳˣĳˡ
ʦһһ˵ҵĴҾҪе󡣡߸Ѿ涣ϾҪܴ
˵̫Űݣվ󣬱øᶨһЩ
һһ˵ĸ׸ף߸㴦á
ţһ㶣оҲУͲƴһҲá
ಡ
ֻһ֣ѹˣԼһ˹ܼңȫˡ
סĸף߸Т´ǣʦţۼˣǺĴѱĸ׵֮ôˣסĸײĸ׵ĺ
飡
߸ѾҪιȥ˺;ֵͬݾߵ
ʥĸչʴȵģΪһ޶Ļ
߸һ̬еˣ޶£ɡ
ļսȥˣΪһ޶οգ˰ɡ
ʯһҲеͬ飬˭ͬԼͯӣ
޶̫ĲϣԼĿ˭ͬˣ
ҲһҲ۰ԼĺӣԼĺǸˡ
ɻҲǺӰ
ƤǡԼ˭ͬ顣
ءһеʹ࣬ιȥˣʵڲ̽Ļ档
߸ҿĺ涣ûκΰ취
ʦסĸס硢磬ǲģһһ˵߸֪񣬼ע߸Ѵ̣οʯͯ򺢶̫ӣֵúͬ飬Ǻ޹飬ȴǺĴȻˣͻе𡣡߸
˵꣺ʯ߸дλ˵ɣôͷ߸߸ܷ
һĬ
ֻ߸С֪ǴǴ˭޾˭ȻϴҲգĶµֶΣôɡ
߸˵ͷ
ֿʯΪأ
ߣͯҲˡ
ʯ˵꣬ǴȺӦˣ籾ġ
ȺŭʯĪҪ̫ͯӱһޱҵ˾ȡҪҲ̷𣿡
ߣ̫û˵ɱʯ˳𲻱Ϊʦʯ
ʦã㡭ֹ
ʦĪ˵ˣȻѾݣʦôִһѣ߸ʯ̫ҵУ˲ݣԼĴʲô
ʯΪƶɱ㣿̫Ҫըˡ
Һãһ̫ͽĪ߸Ԫýؽ̲ΪģΪʦһֱڹעס
ʦ𣡡̫һ
͵һ룺Ҳԣ߸ͽϾŮʥ˵ķּӻġ
̫ҳĬˡ



855 ȻͬĿ
ʦȾ߸ɣ
һزϣ̫żСһڿһĻ
СѾͷվǲ㣬߸һ顱ݣ˲жһͿ
֮ǰʮ߸һȴʼͬˡ
λ鲻ģ߸ȷ֪˭ͬ麣޹˭ͬʯͯӣһһ춨߸һԪΨһİ취ȴΪȻ
ֻſɶȹĥѣοĥҲǻԵ߸ʥͯӣԪʼʥŮʥ˵ĳ룬ԻΪ߸ġ
ȷ깫Ҳͬ
Ůȴŭûͬĵļһ
СѾͷҲҪȡѵ߸ǺƣĲȴûȣûзθǿ鱦ܲΪ䡣
̫˳СѾͷһŮתǡ
ܾΪƣԺܴɡ
ǣʦŮ

Ѫ⳥޹飬
ֻȴᶨ߸Ա޹飬˶û˵̫ӵġ
ˡһ£һˡˡ
ûã߸Ŀȫǡ
Ѫ⳥޹ǳԼֻʣԪ
һԷйȴȻ£̿ԼϥĿƺ붨һ
߸߸̫ȫγ˾޴ķ籩ɽʯȫꡣ
ҪԪʼĻ̫Ѿˡ
ˣ
Ԫ񳥻ͯӣ߸һᶨ
ףһ𾪺ã
ͣ£ͣ£ļģ
ֻһŭ˲һסҪԱԪ߸
ã㣬߸ȫ˲䣬Ѿˡ
⿴ʯ߸ԱԪ񣬻Ԫ
ǣһƣĿ߸Ԫϣʥ˵ַ
컯֮߸Ԫɢ
컯֮컯⣬Ůʥ˵ַ߸ˡ
ôŮʥ˵ַ
ãˣԪʼʥˣԪʼøԪʼ𡣡ɵˡ
ƺ˲ˣΪ̫ộΪδȺ޿֡
ⲻʥµͽԭư
壬ԣӦ˵ƽؽ̺Ůʥ˵жԣúݵֶΡ
ߣþʹ˽ҹɣеڵĸо
Ůʥòţôţ
Լ֮ǰĺͽؽ̺Ϊϴѹ̶ѣôˣǺڰ
֪ˣԼͽؽϣв̵ơ
һֻ̾һ֣µʥˮ˵ǵʹͣҵõ˵㣬͸ɣ߸ĶԹˣ̫Һúø߸һµɡ
ˣȴҲ˴ǰ̫һһˮ
л̫û
һߡ
ɣñɵĲ̣̫ңŵӵҽؽ̣СˣŭŴȺ̫ҡ
˭뵽Ůʥйصģ֪̿ˣԽƽؽ̣úݵİ
ʦߣġߣֹ߸Ա
žŵʯˡ
һУƺĻˣ

ʦǲ̵ƣŮʥĸǨŭؽ𣿡תһĻСѾͷ𾪣
ԭư
ģƣҲµĶ߸մȾ˴˿̵ƣ˳ƶΪѣŮ֪Ҳû취ο߸ĥ
̫˵ֻ깫ˡ
һߵһļᶨ
ô̫ʵ
ʦľͽﾭ𺳵ûУͽ￴е˳ƶΪĶǣͽĴƶΪǿκεƣôƺĥֻǻԵ֣ͽûб뷨Ψһ뷨ǿ󣬺һѺĥ
ţܺá̫˵ͷкܺãԼòƾ
ƣԼʵɨĹʱ
еƺ͵˶ûˣԼ޾Ĵڡ
Ҳǿ󣬳˲ֺƶصĴڡ
깫ô̫ʡ
ʦ٣ز̵ѾעǱ㡣Ůʥ֪Ԫʼʥ˵ƣҲ˳ƶΪΪ˳ӦҲǽΨһ;²ú󣬽ؽص̳Ҫ̵ܲĵ߸ˣλʥˣԪʥˣҲ˳Ƽ룬Ҫôֲ֧̣Ҫôֽ֧ؽ̣ͽá
λʥӦֲ֧̣Ϊ˼߳ɽؽ̰ѳ֣ʥΪ˵ᣬȻҪԸĽؽ̣ѺµϴƣҲȡµӸõĶȹ٣ͽãǼʥϴؽ̵ľ档
̫˵ͷʣô
깫һĬһʦӼȻ׼ʥ޿صͽҪľǣռ˱ˣԼŬʧأͽﲻṫȻվκһ˳ƶΪĸԼﵽĿġ
ţ̫ܲЦˣⲻԼİ
ͨʥˣô̫ʡ
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깫û˵޲½ؽҪˡ
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̳裡̫˵
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̫ã꯵ĵĺ깫ˣԼȻɽ翴֮ǰǧںϵôˡ
һɽ飬񣬻ת䡣
ȻĲͬǰ깫Ļ
깫ô˵ҲǴ˷֮࣬Ǵ˴ε֮һĸı䣬ܸı


856 
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򱱺ս£뿪󣬽Ĵˡ
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Ů֪˴£ŮȻǲ̵ƣɴƣŮ֪Ρ
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Ů洹ʴ˳ƶΪ
еԥΪ᳹ԪʼƣŮеĲ鲻Ը
ٵȵȿϾ̳ûо

Ů洵ĵȴ׼ᣬؽ̺Ͳ̵ìܣ뿴ġ
ΪʡȥԼƣɲŮԥˡ
Ȼˣ׼ֻΪһ˳裬㻯һЩаħ˳ı˵ǡ
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ڣǲεġ
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ˣҲ׼µĽ׼Ϊ̳˥ܿһ̺ܴ塣
ΨһǵǣһζĲ
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ҲΪ˲ù˻ϼܡ
Ϊע̳Ļ
þ꾫Ӧ˶ˣֻǱ׼ᰲŵġ

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̳һأһһ޳͵˽н
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ҺǶµ֮ˣһйŷɵɽɰѽŵòᣬȻҲԪʼ˵Ĳˡ
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һĻְԪʼĲᣬʥ£㾹Ȼ̯׽ֱˡ
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ĴħҲþʹ˳ˮ۵ļ̳С
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˵̳ǽؽ̵£һ̾Ȼ룬ȥһ߰ɡ
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ңӺҡҪƷ̳Ҫôޡ
עģ᪶ȥ

ˣ̳Ĵǻûģоȵġ
ǣҲʱһĻŮˡ
̳ĸĻˣ˳ͷ̳
籾߸ʥ˼컯άֵģŮʥĸɽ緲壬ûж
Ϊתʥˣʥĸһʢ˥ܡ
̳ʼ˥ˡ
׼ĿĴɣƹˡ
ԪʼļƻɹʼԸ¸̳
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ƺһж˶֡
졭
ĸӰ˳衣
ŮޡŮɡꯡ깫ˡ



857 һ̴
ѡ˵صڳ裬ˣʵ
֮ǰ깫˵Լû׵ףŮɡҲʲ
ֱǰ깫ˡ
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̳˵ȷˣǶڵ˵û˵Ҳû깫Ц
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⣿һ㶡
ǰ꯵ѵĸƺҲǱƵġ깫
ף˵ˣܵûӹҲǱƵġ
Բ̳˵˥ܡ
̳Ѿʼ˥ܣ˵ҲȲ̳
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ѣչǵôֻ̳ÿ𣿡꯺ɻ
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깫ֵһ˭Ƶĵ˭ͻܵɣƵģƶĴС
깫һ˿ݣһ˿Ľթһ˿ļᶨ
Ƶˣ϶׼ᣬ׼˻ûô
ס̳ǲܵģΪס̳ζУζŻͶȫλʥԡ
ס̳䷴ɵʥʧأ˾̳ڣϾ̳С̳ķǴ󰡡
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ԣֻܱסõ³ɵȻʥҲֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿŲҶ֡
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ӦӦ˻ɾһ£꯵õôѡѵעҪ̳ȥɵ깫ʡ
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˾ءϴӡԪ깫Ѿһˡ
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ܼ򵥣ʩСƶѣ˵ǷȻ깫ʲô˵š
ʲôϵ
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Ȼ
󣬵깫ɳ


858 
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ŮǺ꾫þ;Ӿˣ槼ûˡ
Ҳãʡһİ䣬˼ԭǿһŮϡ
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ЦŴڡ
Ůֱк¡áů֣
꾫ȴһЦ˵µõˣҪƭӻˣõʲôˡ
ԯ𣬱ޣ׼Ʋ˽Ƶһ̣ɼˡ
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ģ깫һ̾λСˣȥ˵Ľɣһܡ
ҲáŮҲеӣ˱ӡ
ŮɣŮޣ幫֮ˣ֮ǣͣ

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һ˫ն˫ˣƺڻһС
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ǣʥϴ̫ǿˣĽ˵Ȼǡ
˿̵ĵϹߣΪ̬ȣһֱˡ
֮ʥϴӵãƷ̵ĶȻ


׼չоѣһ˫򳯸衣
Ŀ⵽깫˵Ĵʱ׼ͨ˫ֹˣ׼һ㶡
˭ƻҵļƻ׼һŭ
ûдݾߣԼƳԼļƻ޿ֵˡ
׼ζ벻ܡȻԼԵĽ
뷨Уģֻ̫ˡ
ΪԼĽܷģʥ˵ȷƿ׼ʥֻҪѵС
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ҲǸ鷳˷˱ʥƣҪſɡ׼뵽
ȥʦһ»ֱҪĬһ㡭Һã̺ͽؽѾĿƶֶһƬҪֺòſɡ
ŮԪӵȣҲ뷨ѹؽ̣Ͼؽ̫Ҫǲѹؽ̣µӶܵǣǻġ
ͨˣǿǲģȻʥ˴֡
뵽ˣ׼ÿܻбʡ
ı䲻ʲôԼȥʦֽһ¡



859 ȫ淴
裬
ԼΪʮĵһİա
꾫Ů̾˿깫λŮҲʥ˵ưɣ
ȷˣҲǿˣޣɱʥƣɼȻ㣬˥̳깫
ƫģΪŮ˵ʵˡ
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˥ˣôȣûˣˡŮɻûء
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һԵŮҲˣ֮ǰ깫Ļ˸оԼסˡ
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Ĵɲˡ
кܶν㱾ʵĺûֻ֡
û˺һˣûմȾκεҵΪаħҪնɱ
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ڷ١Ȼ룬⽵ʱͱˣЩǲ֪
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ֻӳĬĵʵλΪȷأλҲ֪ⲻұ⡣˵˽ƱãģʥˣҲһλ
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ЦˣеѺͿһ̣ʲô᲻ãѵŵ
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ñãԱʱɵ˺ϾûܱУ
ȻҲô깫Цʡ
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깫üΨһĻᣬ˵ʧȥλ
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ããܺá깫Ļ˵á
ƻ̫ˣԼٻԼʥĸģԼλ
ѡһ˽ӵģһ¶Ҿˡ
УҲᱻڱֵѹ
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졢ʥĸȣǹ֤Ա
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ĺʣǸʥ˸ҽŴѹĻңһġģܵҲֱӴǵƣ޼ƿʩ壬ҪԼȥһͰȫ˺ܶࡣ
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ӵýؽ̴ӹ֮УһĺûջĴڡ
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ýؽƴʥ׷ɱؽ̲ˡ
̷ֵҲҪúˣҪҴˣ㻹ɱ
֮Ҫ˽У᳹滵

ãðð

һЦ깫ļƻ̫ˣͿ̿
ơԼ
ֲ깫˵Լзա
ʣƻôļƻûա
ǣзҲҪ˭ԼأȿȣʥϴӺǿ󣡣
깫ֵȻһҪ֪ãһ󹦵¡ǰ㣬˵Ϲۣһ˿Ĺͣضή¹£в˻֮ǰ⣬»˳ɵİΣо޴Ĺ±ӻʥĸŮӻأȻеΣգҲû˸ҹɱ㣬ΪⲻŮʥˣնɱܵ

һ
ȷŵãΪ깫̫ˣⶼƺˣƣ̫ȫˡ
ҪǱûɱΣõ깫ĸزнľ棬˰̾
ҲʵҲá깫ҡҡͷ˵ƶ㻹ʸ
⣿ʡ
ҵ˼ǣûλȴԭ򣬳ɾһ;ǵʧɡ
ţ뻹ǡ
ԼҪб֮ĵһ·ˡ
˼ʵǹ¹ඥ𻯷Ĳ
ۿʼûǸܵõ£ԼֿһȺӣҲ
ԱλϲҲһ׷𣿣ǹ²޵編򡣣
˾ͲһˣǵˣѰ
˵˼λڼڿҡй壬λɰࡣ
žλɰģۺûС
ǵɣǵһ
һ룬еڴˡ
úãӦ㣬ԴȥɽҸסŮɺܺ˵
ɽ磿ĴڣŮɵı֤ᶨˡ
Լл׷͵ġ
лᾡŬȥΪ׷ԯ棬ҲΪ塣˵



860 
̫ʦڻˡ
ةȸɣĿŹ٣˿
ţ˵̫ʦԶ󣬴ˡ
òбüԼҳӶѹ
ȸɻǵ壬Σ
ֹܲˣô죿
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⣬ةϾǳӣֱϵ̫ȱ㣬ԱȸةĻܻпռ䣬±ة˵ĻҪ
ة࣬λˣ糯̫ʦðʦسҪԴн졭
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Ѿܾûϳˣ̫ʦҲϳģý¡
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Ȼˣ²ϳĵټڳ
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ˣĪҪȰˣպϼ̨桢ʥĸģԾţλãҳĴߣλôߴǰ
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ߣΪû;ƿҪ;ƿã֪񣿡

ģֻ֪޳ɣΪһжΪ˴񡣡


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Ԥʾеƣһ롣
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Ƿ˴Ⱥˡ
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ʦԴӣǺǣûˡҲգΪվһڣ˴˴εٺ뿪ɡ
ȼܳ죬пޣðð
վĴȺȻһֵѣΪܴ󣬴ȺûһʤʡѵĻȺҲף㰾ŵȷףӰ˵֮·ԵҴȺ˽Ⱥû˿Ĺ
ֻȺһת¶Ծ֮ʱǴȺֻ֮ʱˣɷѸȺʮʱ䣬ôȺһЩ飬ʮȺģѡ
ţ֮飬˵ѡʮ󣬴˵ʮ⣬ƶȺѡ˵
˵꣬ԴȺ˹뿪ˡ

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ȼЦ˫֮ȣǻԵǶȴǼǰܽȵȥƶϲѣڰ˵ܻʱ谭ڳԶǻԵ˵˾ͱԴǵѻһôҲˣǵģѵѾͣ˵ģ˾磬ʡǺǣƶ˰ɣ

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ʦ볯軹е룬ӵȴ㣬̾볯·ʣһʱʼ֣Ϥĵ򡣡
ͨͷȴţú׼ɣƻ˲̵ļƻȻ顣ܲĪҪִסǵĿֻǲˣĪҪͻ
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ʦǰ̴ֳ裬ʦԤƵһ깫׼ʥˣ׼ʥ˲ģԣ׼ʥ˱Ȼܵɣ̷棬Ѿɳҳ裬ȫ깫ˣʦõӹעĴϯꯣΪֻɵĲΣǰãնɱ̹ƻĽɢޣһ֮ͨǿӷ֣ɢޣǽڵģ¶۷Ķ֣ǿǰ;󡣡
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ɽʥˣԪӡŮľʥ˶֪ġ
ʥϵɣȻǸ㲻ʥ˵˭˭ģ
ǹ˭˭ģűʥҪǿˡ
֪Щˣ֪ĸ࣬깫˵Ƕˡ
Ͷɵӡ

̳С
ʱؽ̵ˣɢɢĻкܶෲ󳼡
ةȸɵȣھҵҵĸҪĴ
깫һɢ޺󣬿ʼռƻ̳Ĵ󳼺͵ȡ
ʦ׼ˡ깫ˣʵ
·İɣ׼ˣ̵ıȫա깫
ڵ˽УҪȺԼΪԼƻǵƣҪԼԼɲˡ
깫ʦΪԼź̶ϵģ깫ڵΨһ̡
ȸҲôΪģЩʥˣΪǵ棬ѪƯ֣Ϊɡ
Ǻǣةࡣһֱʥ˽ɵĿܣͨ׳ǵĽɣ٣ǲģֻкôˡ깫ͼӴ׵˵
ȸҲǼ򵥵ΪٵҪ̳򵥣ةܼ򵥡
ȸɵ깫֪ˣձһѡ
Ծ̳еһЩˣ깫Ķ
նɱǣǺ
ٵģسΪ񣬶˵ǽջ
ԭ켣еıȸɣʮǣߴеǣܸߵλ
깫ǲŹġ
깫ĻмĿ깫һۣȫʦˣ޹ʦǱɱǣججΪһӡ
˵Ȼ뵽ʲô˵ˣ˴ٻʦǰѯʺĶսһҪѯʹʦ
Ŷ깫һ˵
ģΣʱμ棬ԹҲԹĸͣ˵֪ܸĪɣ˵ùһ̨潵٣塣
һ󽻴깫𾪡
ĵѵû䣬ɽ֪ˣ
ɽ濴ȥˣҪ硣
ҾȻ̨٣˵Ҫ٣˵֮˵ΪӦúǿ
Ͼɽʥ˶ԣ׼ʥҪСĴ۵ģС
ô˵Ҫٵ棬һְ
˵ģ깫һ䡣
Ȼ˵ҽεˣ֪Ǽ٣ʦ󡣡
깫һģɽĸҪ٣ֻΪѽ٣ǽٸĴҲܴ˲Ž˺١
깫ֵ찴Ľ̨Ǻ£߲㽵٣Ǿ޴ĺ¡ţɽǿĴ֮һ˿ʥɣ塭
ܶԼûӰ죬깫óԶǺ¡
ԼڳͲһˣ˺Լ뿪ȥز
Լߺ󣬵İΣԼ˲ϣ߲㽵Ǻ¡
ԼסԼ޹ǵĲزˡ
ãˣ
õ϶󣬾ģ潵١
ϾǷˣһ˺ǿķ˵ѡ
ûԲãԴ˿ûΪġ
϶ɽ粻֪飬Ҫ깫Ľڻɽ治أЩ治ء
һУõĿ۽磬û򵥡
ˣָʾҿ϶
ڵõ깫Ŀ϶˾

ɽУ
ĸ߲ۡ
Ѿڽ̨ˣú˺ɽ罻ڣʱȾܲ۵½ˡ˵
ţͺãϾǽǧͶӰǲòӣǰȥ磬彫ѿܵľ棬Ҳ˺ʵЩ߲޷׽磬磬ҲĴӪԯ
ȺǿԵĶ֣ҪûйȻԣΪƽںϣսʤȵġ
ףı֣Ѿˣڸ߲ŵġ
⣬۶ʥ棬ȵʵرɽûٴΪˣһ硣
Ҳһֳԣ˵ǧС翪
Ҫһֻ࣬óô˻һЩ飬Ϊǧ׼
ȸ涼ǿҲ㣬˳ѵĽѡ



868 ս
̨Ľɺɻ󣬲ɹĵԵˡ
˱˺һӣһֿ󺺣ֳ䵶ٵʱʥе𺳡
Ƚˡ
ȺܶϤԯƵ۵ұۣΪ˺˽תĴס
δת֮ǰ׼ʥεĴף壬˺ܶĹףǿˣѷǵ׼ʥô򵥡
ɽ籱ۡʥΰˡ
ɷϣԺԵıսսؾҲͲǿԸ
׼ʥڣȵΪ
һͨ׼ʥкж֡
һǿߣ涼Ҫܶʱ䣬˺Ĵսս߳ǿߡ
Ľ٣һ
뵽ɽ岻ԼĴѹ˽¸
Һʥ˵ĽɣȫҲ޾壬Ϊ˷̵ĵȷûʲôµġ
ڶĽȴԼѹȡ
̺ͽؽҪЮһЩս뷨˺ܶࡣ
ȵĽ٣ϴǰ깫ơ˵߳˱ūۣڻҵľ棬ĳΪ˭Сӵˡ
ȽٺչֵС
ԯź󣬿ʼɢϢĸ֣ʥأһʱкܶǰͶ
ô˵Ҳ棬ʱڵĴһǿΪ忴׳Ļᡣ
ǰҪ޵ɣΨһİ취ǼɣΪֻЩʥж
ȵĽ٣ɲֻģɽĻۺ͵̣Ҫ׳壬Ҫĸֺš
Լֻ˵˸룬ȴ𲻵ΪһĻʯ
ֻĸ֣ܾ߱ĵ̡
֮ǰûУˣԪ񹦷󷨡֮ͨȣȴ˺ܶࡣ
ǴŸʹġ
Щȵ򣬿ԤϣһЩʱ䣬Իɳ
˿ֻǵ֮ȴʥŪڹơ
һҲԤʾţȾʥ˵ĴУǻǧټƵĴȡ
ã˵ɽ߲ܴڷٵĹؼϣȽˡ
Ҫŷ٣˵ʥѾֿʼԸˡ
˵
ڽ̨潵ٵԵʣ˺ˡ
ܶãǲҪ˰ɣ쵼ͺܺá
ǲУϾĹģο˼ڿˣͳϱ˼䷲׵ٻûôҪ
ȴ֪ΪΪºܶ˼׷׵Ч£ɾ͵ĵµ
һõͷ

ԯ
Ⱥд깫
Ƚٺ󣬼ϴɽϢ깫Ĵ󹦳
ȱ˵Ҳ壬ùãȴҲõ˺ôһϵеļƻƻʥ˵ơ
ȶоҪԼվ깫λϣһúá
ο⻹һŵĵӰֵ£
ǰ֮ƴ˾棬Ϊǰء깫ȵ
ҲҪл㣬ŵûƣԴľ档Ц
Ӧġ깫ǫ
깫żӣʵ
Ĵӡ깫شΪôʣ
ţĴϯ󱲣˵˽ãͬšûתǰӦúƽתĴƽ
˵˺ܶ࣬깫Īץסʲô˵Ϊ
̸ֱһ깫Ҫݱȵʱ
óһ鱦壬Ҳ壬˵˴Ҳв٣Ҳ֪ôˣ˵㼫пǷ֮ˣǺǣȥɽģԴѵĳؼ֤ģ
⻰˵꣬깫ˡ
һԼʾã磬ɽҲ̲סҪˡ
磬ǽǧתɽĴʼˣֻҪٽõ׵ȶЩʱ̡
ǿԲں磬û˭Źǧ硣
Լʱƫ̻һ壬尲Щõλ
ףƶѵô˿ãΪƶעʤǽ깫ҡҡͷ
ȺܿԼģ£Լһ£
÷깫⣬ó衣
Ϊ֤ҲЩ۸ܽŻȡĺôˡ
õʤ˷֮ˣ깫˭Ҫص
ǿˣ˵Ϊ֧
Ȼôƶƶȡʤ˵ȥˣҲãԺľսˡ
깫ҲԼʤ
Ƚ٣ɿʼ˱ϣԼҲҪʼսˡ



869 ӭս
ս٣ǽز̶ʱ͵뿴̵ľս
깫ĳ֣ò˵Ԫʼ깫Ҳ˽زս̼˵ľ档
˴εķ٣˵˭ûռˡ
Ԫӵ̣Ԫǩ˲֣ȻвСʧ
̾ʧС˵ǿп޵
ɽݡľС硢׵Ĺͬʥأ٣ɲ١
һ嶼Ҫǻ۵ͣҪһԪĽɣͳ˸ѹεԴˡ
һԴ
ԪӵΧãõָͽ̵Ԫӵĵ̲Ŷ󣬲ܱӻе顣
˺ܶǵǻججܾú󣬲֪Ԫʥ˱ӻǣǼ̡
ֺģһԴ˴εУʧҲܴ
ӿʼڣɵѾˣֱǰǿ߳١
̫Ϊ֮ٵġ١Ҳһ޴Ѫĥ̡
ֻ˸߲ʥʧȴĿ顣
ʵʥ˴⣬ɢһ˴εʧء
ֻǺˡ
һ̣
̺ͳľս˵Ĺע
߾롣
һ֮أĶս˴˵ء
УƼ
λǰ⳯һЩɢϵһγܽɢҿôǣȫûҪһɢ޵
ǰ깫ߣһҰӶѣôǿ׾١
ǰ

ټɢڻǣһӳӪ
˴̵Ĵͷҩʦա
ҡҡͷ깫Ҫô򵥾ͺˡ
͵ļǳԲᣬ˴ǰʧˡһʮ޸֣Ϊʤȯˡ
ĳ治
ϣղǴ˴ε죬ղҲǽĽղ۷Ϊпɣһ޺ڵǱ
λѣĪҪ⣬ҵʮ˲룬⳯ӪҲиֲ룬ֻûչʾˡΪֻ̫ΪӪǾս𣿡ղ˵һԲеɡ
ǸӲʹġڡƫƫں֮ھӲʹĶࡣ
ǱɱǵԵʡ
ղ˵꣬ɢһ㶣룺ǰҪǳӪֻôôǲɵ𣬸ҺԼһ߶ԾԼһ߿ʮ޸ֵġţӪҲкֵġ
ǰ
ǰ㱻ƭˡ
ǽƻ깫

ղؿЦĿżλʦֵܣ治ָЩɢް
ֻܵڻʹá
ղصλ˭ȥΪӮµһս
䡣
λѣһսֵˡ
ֻ÷ɽ߹е֣˲վ˳ϴԬ΢΢һЦ
˿ɲʲôֵܣֻ˶Ŀĳѡ
١ɵʱǾͽˣΪľǶȹ١
˲֪ԬԼȹѵġ
ӿʼĽɱһؽ̼ӣ׼ֵ˶Ŀ˴˿̡
ԬãԼԷˣؽи޹ʧ
Լʱ̵Ǳؽ̱ˡ
ңҲԼ³ŵˣֻҪйܼ̣̱ӻ
ھսˣͽֵȥԼ׬һЩ°ɡ
ţǰֵȫȡõһսʤҪǲУٳ֡Ԭ
ţͽλˡղغܿ
Ԭֻ̫ڵĲΣǸ޸֣ȴƽཻԬ⼫ϣϱصģ⡣
İɡ

߾깫ţ÷ɽǰֽ̣
桢ԡ껡˽
ѾڿһһǳӪ
ǽΪܴ÷ɽ߹ֵ˲óһɢס˺ܶࡣ
깫ͽղһûָһں֮ڣλʦʹ󻤷Ҫĳ롣
ǣ
ģҪӦһ¡
깫˿ڶܵɢʣλѣ˭ӭһΪ쿪ʤ
Ĭ
һĬ
һɢûһվģ깫еδݵĸо
˵ôϡ
÷ɽ߹֣ҪһԳսĺܶ࣬һӦ˰
̫Ҳεĳ棬ⲻǶ
һ̫ȥսɣҲ˰
ѣȥɣȥͽ
ֻվ˳һףֳ׻ꪣǰꯣٲȻ˶үӡ
⣬ͻˣԪǽɵĲΣ˵ģǶɢ̫Ҷˡ
͡ǿԽģοɢޡ
ã
깫꯳棬֪ˡ


870 ү
ֻ꯴ӳӪзɳ÷ɽһ㶣ĵãꯡ
ߺˣ
Ϊ˱ֵĲţȻ֪ʵʡ
ߣȡС֮ˡЦ
оԵˣϡ
ֻԼ֪Լ̫ǿˡ
ǽΪҲɲκʥļӳ֣׻ꪵļӳ֣ԼԼǿĿ¡
ŵꯣ
÷ɽֶʱɫҲסˣ޴Ľ꯵֣ʱ˸ࡣ
䣡
Ҳϻ׻һӣХȥ
ãǽɲεΪֻ÷ɽ־
֮ǰ꯳նɱɵһ綼֪
˴
ڸղ꯳սʱ˾ͻɹӦǽɲˣǿҲçײΪǡ
ֱ˿̣һڿ϶ˣ꯹Ȼǽɲˡ
λֵܣȫԸ
˲˿Ĵ⡣
֮ΪԬԵʣûԬ飬ʲôǡ
Ȼ˵Ķսһ׵һлֵĻᡣ
к˵ֶͨΣԸָĴˣ治ġ
Ȼ
𣡡
÷ɽ߹еĹ֣ȻоһӰûüֻǵӰѾ˺һ޴Ŀӡ
ˡһҵҧִֻԴӰˡ
һҽУԪû飬ʹԴּҲ¡
ǣŴ̶ĲҽУֻǵӰڱ˿Ŀˡ
꯵Ȯ
𡪡ֻȮȫᣬ͵һֱӱȮ޿ˡ
ʣԴĴ񾪿ֵļæߣȴȮ޼ꯡ

һꪻӳڻеĴԴñС
䡱һ
ûֵϰߣ÷ɽ߹еĴնɱˡ
ִ壬ĺȻŵòᣬôô졣
ܡ磩ꯣɣ
ʣ˸ܺãնɱ˴Ƿŭˡ
ȮΪģû뵽ȮôײС
ͬǹôộͬôݡ
ʱ׹⡢̡
ʣȫ꯶
ߣһ飬ȿ꯳Ц
ֿûеֻֿеĹϡ
һ̺ܶ˲ףϵǸɫĿףʲô鱦ͨԻҲ˵Ƿۡ
Ȼʩչ׼ʥܴĲΡ
ȴ۳ɽס
˵Ҳ̫Ҳεķ̫֮еĹ꯴˿˵ˡ
Σˡ
йƲ˱˵ķ˵ĹʱҪ
ʣµ־ˣ
˻
Ȼɣǿͨǿֲ
ǰеķҲ֪ǲ鱦ĲΣע鱦鱦Ǻ鱦ɢ˵ɢ޳и鱦֮Ƿ
ͬһΣնɱնɱɣôôĲ࣬÷ɽ߹ֿɲǼ򵥵ﰡ˸̾
Ǵɵĺôɢ޳ִ˵еϹšԶš̫ɢ⣬ڵɢޱ²Զˡ
ţȰ
ǵģͬǽɣ꯾ǿģɢ޿ûֵ̡

˲ɱ񣬼ʣֶ꯵Ĺú󣬶ʱڳɢ޶̾ˡ
Ǵĺôɢ޿ɲ̫šԶʱڣǿĴˡ


ȫŹѾ־֣˱Ҫϰ
ס֣
ڣ
ӪԬ̲סˣ˵ܵƷ
ôĿŵҪȫնɱֹֹܲ˵ȥˡ
⣬е˼֣ܼ֡
꯵б֣չʾ˳ԴκεɢޣɾǺִ
Ԭǻĺǵõˡ˾
ǰӦӪʱġȱ汾ģ̲ȫˣġ˾ˡ
£ĺô׼ͽͲɵӣĺܿġ
Ԭڲ½ؽ鷳ԭΪ̵Ĵ衣
ۿԼܵܡҪնɱˣĲˡ
Ȼܼ֣꯸ղȫУеΣ
⻹ԵõԲġ˾Ԭһôǡ
˾Ĺˣ꯵֣еѹ֪꯵ǿܶࡣ
һ㣬꯵ıǿװ
䣡
һˮӳӭ꯵׻ꪡ
ˡ
ǿ׵֣ⲫһɢĿɿڴ
׷ɻ
˵Ԫߵ·ôҲôǿ˽ֵѪɷ֮ͽԪ𵴣
ѵ֡ͼ̨֮Ҳǿ
ɢź𺳣ܶǵһ֪Ȼôǿ
ꯣڤڤΪǸղźԬ̫ҲεĶսȻ˿·硣
ңݴ˵Ԭһˮ鱦һ鱦Ҫǿ
Ϊеķ岻أ׻𹥻˲һˮеˮ𹥻
ѵ˵еҲ鱦ǿԬ鱦ĸǿ鱦

˻꯺£
ꯣɣ˵۵Ķӣү
ǣǣɵĳƺԲ꯵ǿݸ߹󣬳һүΪ
ðɣү״ˡ
һӪӲ̫Ԭ飬ʱˡ
үģ
ү䣡
ү

˲ɱӲǴֿ־壬ټӲԬ͡
꯳ɶүˣ

˵÷ɽ߹ϴԬ飬һͨһȻˣ
ǿģУҲ츳רġ
꯶ֵ˸˷ܣԬʹ˵ĲԼǽɣԬ̫ң˵Ŀһս
ߣƶ㲻ɣ
ԬҲŭˣû뵽Լ꯳ɾͶүĵʯ
ⲻˡԼһҪѵꯣΪԼħ
䣡
˾ʮͣı仯۷
ˣ꯵ġûʮ䣬Сô˵أ
ҳƺǧɡ
һУûɳصģֻ˵ǧǧԲ仯
ˣԬҡһɾӥʱЦˣ˾ŵãʥ˴ġ
յʮ䣬ԲԶˡ
ӥС㿴Ĺ档
ˣ
ֻ꯱仯棬֮ԴͷϢ˲ڳɢɵˣһֱԴеѹơ
ϢʱǸеһֻֿš
ҪԬҲ򵥣ǻħԳķֺ¶ôˣԬᱻѹƵĲҷ
ডһХԬǣ
ʲô仯ʮѾţˣܱԴ仯УǱִףҲܻԭԴͿˡ
Уٱ䣡ԬоԿ
Ԭ鿪ʼ仯ˣķ֣ܿԼҶһЩĹš̫šҲԶŴı仯
Ԭ鱻Ŀˡ
꯵ȮȮûţ꯺ԬսȺʱһ͵Ϯɹڶ˺ˡ
Ԭ鳹ŭˣҲˡ
仯ͨУǾͿΪ꯴սɡ
𣡡һɸ߾Գ֣һˮʼ
أ
ҲһΣߣ˺;Գµľˡ
𣡡
䣡
ǿⲫʽʼѪڣ޵ǿ׵չʾ˳
߹սһϲһоˡ
̵ĽղظоˣΪ÷ɽ߹ܽгæңû뵽ɡ
꯲Ĵϯǿ
Լڽɵʱ򣬿û͡
Ҫ취ˡ
ʱ
ʦܣְɣ鱦꯾Ȼ÷ɽߡţλѰɡصҩʦ
ⳡսѾˣǾ÷ɽ߹ְɡ
÷ɽ߹ѾˣǱҧģ˵ˣһսˡ
ã
ղصõҩʦʦֵĴа˲١
ֻǿ鱦ꯣ÷ɽˡ
ԴС
һΪѩ˿ֶ
ңǿֶ˵鱦Ҳҩʦܿġ
ȥ
ֻһȦӽղжꯡ
ã
һ㶣ȦĹܸܵԼֿס
Ȼʱ
䣡
֣깫ֹˣʱչԼ߱ˡ
߱Լ﷢Ӳʦү̫ΪԼзӡ˾ŵȫĹ
깫Ϊ˶̣ʼʩչ߱ˡ

߱Ϳɫ࣬鱦̵߱ĺܶ鱦ͨġ
Ȼ
ãҩʦвˡ
ֻ깫ӳֱ߱ˢ˽ȦȦһ󰵵ƺ󣬲ûܹꯣڰ;ˡ
깫
һŭ𣬽ղظоԼĽȦԼϵ˲նˣǱԼʧȥһ鱦
ߣ͵Ϯˣʲô˵ģֶֻܹβǿ
깫
깫˷ܣԼֶ鱦Ȧ
Լ̻ջȥǲˡ



871 õ
λ֣
鱦Ľղأʧȥǡ
ʮղܹ鱦ǶŬ׼ʹһһİ鱦
鱦깫ˣܡ
Юֵɢޣļÿʼˡ
ս
ɱ
ĴսڿˣֻʮĴޣҲδʮ˸սΪľǱƳӪĸ֡
ˣ
ֻ߾Ȼɫޱ䣬ȵļÿʼƬƬѩĽ䡣
ֻӪģһϮµӳˣֳֳѣƮݡ
ѩ
ҩʦһ
ȻŲ룬һֱޱȵ¾ѩߡ
ˣ
ֻѩһ֣ѩʼ裬ѩǴ˵ء
λ󣡡
룡
ֻʮ޽ɲҴ⣬ѩֵ߳ʱ̣֪˴ΣˣȻˡ
ʮ˽մ̷ǿһ󷨣˲˾ѩ
ѩƮݣʮ޸ͣʱĴսԶ
ɢޣҲʼѪƴսһǱɱΣ־սУ֮ǰɢޡ
ڽֵɲǼ䣬˫Ŀɺ죬ƺһʱʧȥǡ
ɱ
ɢڻǵĴսھѩѩ£һ˿Ѫ졣
һߡ
Ȼ꯺ԬĴս֮ĸ֣֣춯ء
ʱš
ѩʮĴսһʱԷֳǿ
ɢޣȴ깫ĵռϷ硣
ʱһԴӰϸ߿գʧ
Ǳնɱɢޣ䱾Դȥ֮˳ֳ֣λۡ

˫սİ
ҩʦգԼ跽Ϳ
ɢ޵սûпһֱʮ޺;ѩĴս
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ˣֶΪҲΪ˾㣬̫Ц
˵꣬õһ󾪿֣Լǿ󣬾ǴڤԼû˵ģѵˡ
ֵ̫߱ǹ޲Tնɱ棬ںɻǹ޲Tħ߱ǹֳͣ˴˿۵ǹ㣬֮Գɾޱ壬ɻǹԵʣ㵮ʱͷˣҲġһֳɡ֪ħʱΪΣ
õ޷𺳣Լ𣬻˵Լҵ֪һС
õҡҡͷ֪ʱΪΣ
ʱ棬ʮɺãʮѪã˰ɣ
⣿õˣԼ棬ԣһ˿˿
õֺˡ
˵͵ͷǾԶ˵滹͵ϮѵԼҪնɱ
ɱڣοֻԭɻǹһ˵ǿĪҪ̫߹Լ⣬𶼽ɼĪ˵ССˡ
̫ʾõˡ
ǣǣǣõ˱ͲȵԪ񣬲ˡ
̫һ֣һʥǸȣ˵õˡ
õļøоԼıԴסˣǿ˲٣еøĸо
ô̫ʵ
ֲ̫õ˵Ԫȹ˺ܶ࣬˵ᶨ˲٣ѪָʵԴ̫࣬½нˡ
õ֪ԼĴϾ˵̫أָܻ޲ξˡ
ţָ㣬ɴ㣬ᶨԤϡǻ֮Ѫ֮Ȱô˰ɣ֮ջ񡣡̫˵
õ˸ܺãǺȶ٣ֻһʱûоԼֻصĽ̵
ڤӱϾԶһ⣬õ˻Ϊͨⲻ֪Ǵġ
αԴʧ˾ųɣֻоɱԴҪרעûпܸһ
̫Ļõһϲû˿Ͱյ˵ģԼøָĻԵǿԼʧľųɱԴ
л𡣽𵫷зԸϧ
Ȼָ˵ɣõʱ򣬱㴫ָģȥɡ̫˻֡
õǸӣҪûôƣ̫ôָ࣬㣿
뿪õˣ̫һתƵá
ǲ֪ߵһϾһֻк٣Ҳдô޲TǸ׼һаϣĪҪñʧ̫Ц
ǰѹ磬ΪĴʼߣ̫żȻһܡ
޲Tֱʣ̫벻ġ
֪ʱ磬ɷڤУȻкܶ౻ħֵġ
صĳ̶ֲ̫ˣ֪
ǴĿģкܶһıħֻ֣ضĨȥ֡
תŴΣһһħôЩ˶޲TĿܡ
ܶʥ¡
̫ҪżȻѹ磬żȻ̽Ľչͱ仯Է֡
޲Tʲôʱµӣ̫֪صĶ
ˣָ̫õˡ
ȻõֻһĲ֡
Ҫİ취С
˵޲TôڶӰ첻̫ǲ޲Tڣ뿴޲T硣
̫ݵˣ򲻿ɱ⣬ͷʹ
Сıɣ򲻿ɱģֻжȹˣܳЩС硣
޲Tļƻ仯˶κҵ޿ƽİ취̫ܡ
ң̫Ϊ٣ԳƺΪħ٣



875 ʮת𵤣ۣ֮
꯺깫ʱӻû뿪β̴ս
̫ĳ֣꯺깫ܼõʱʦΣǺˡ

Ĳı˳ˣûУԲ˷٣̫ܲ޼˵
̫ѾΪ˷١
ѾΪ˷󣬷Σ֮Ӳпħ١
һ̫ڸҿ϶٣ڷ֮
û뵽ʵôõ޲Tôһ壬ǰأ޲TôʵֻǰħȥԭôĲ֡
̫֪޲Tĺ
ħѼƻ޲T޲TӴ˺ϵпֵܳľ棬һ̴塣
˵̫ܻڣ϶ųˡ
ϼһＸܱѺʹ󣬱øӵı̬ˡ
ˣ̫ڲõ˺˳裬뵽꯺깫
ǽ֮ˣܶ鶼޷ƹ˵˺ǿһҪĲ֡
깫Ů޺Ůɸı˺ټϽţҲǽһҪĴڡ
꯼깫̫õ˺²֡

̫ĿޣһˣǼ
Ӹʦû佱Լθ깫ͽմˡ
ꯣ
ʦ
꯺üʦԼҪԼô
ڴˣʦ˵Σ˵ԼֻҪǴﵽɣͻдԵ١
Ѿ֪Ҳ˵ˡ̫гһŽɫĵҩ
˵ҩһ֣裬˵綼е
޵֮ˣ͵ضˣһ޾鶼˶
ǵõһĻԵԵԴͷ̫óһŽ𵤡

˱ں˾ſɣли޷棬˵Ϊͨа˳ϣ´˵ݱһͨĳɰܶڶͨĻԵˡ
̫ͨꯡ
ֿͨͨȴ̫ƶ컯֮档
˵ں˾Ÿӣ˶
⣬ֵҩԷкܴҪ󣬱ҪԪȫﵽɣһͨǿﵽ
˵ǱĻۺ͸Խǿ´˵ջԽ
̫͡˵а˳ɰնһͨĳɰնͨǰᡣ
Ǵ˵һ˷£ûκεãҲܷӳĶЧˡ
̫ƵĵҩѾǳջˣǷµҲҪǿУ̫ĵҩûá
һߡ
꯼Ľӹ˵ҩ󣬸̫˴
̫깫ҲнһʮתĹԴ𵤡
깫ʳ̫ϣ깫ܳ׼ᣬȥԴ𵤶
͹깫ʮת𵤵棬ԶǼ򵥵깫δУҲҪá
˵ֻҪ𵤣깫ٳԱĵҩûˣ˻ָġ
лʦ
깫Ҳĸ̫д

ú
̫ļ֤£꯷˽𵤡
䡪
꯸оԼǱըһʦ˵ͨ˳ûоԽǸоǿңԽܿ飬˵ӵԽ
ˣûбʹĸо壬˷ܡ
ԤʾԼĸãԽջԽ
Ȼҩ۳ɷԪա
ͨҲԪͨͨȻҲԪ۵ͨ
߽ϵͨһ㶼츳ͨ;еġ
ѧϰֻѧϰһ߽ͨϵĺܺһ
˿̵ꯣоԼܣԪֱű˵ĸо
ޱǿҵĳʵС
עӣʼΪԼӵˡ
ֻ꯵ϣʼѪҺߣܳ
ɶģޱȵĺ
֮ѪҺ
ֻڵһϣԽԽǿųġʡ
ųѪҺʣǱΪʡ
ں
ܲѪҺӿǾѪ
ΪеѪҺɷ󣬿˵֡ѪһЩ˵鵤ҩ
˿ɣӵЩѪҺ˷ˣ÷õо޴Ľ
Ǵ˿̣֡ѪȻųˣ֪
˵ꯣ
оԼҪըһҪͨķֲоԼŲסˡ
ʱ
Ȼ䣬ֻһԪüĴŷ꯸оԼͷҪըˡ
üĴƺһ޴ĶħҪ˺ԼԴ

һ޷ƵĳХ꯴ʶ˻̫ˣԪըĸо
һĬ
Ȼ
꯵Ҳֱ仯ˣԪüıŷһüĴһŷһ⡣
ಡ
꯲֪ԼüĴżɢĽӰ
ھ֮أһɨڤ͵ʮڤλڤǺһ
ھ֮أɽǿߴħĺ޲TҲеһɽ
˵û⣬дͨߣżʩչͨռĺ;죬ֻεе޼ɵ
˵һ˵СǿͨѣҪô
Ǻ޲Tˡ
ʲôΪͲ˵ˡ
ܸܵҲľٶ׼ʥԲߣѵõĲ⡣
￴óüĺԪĽжǿ
䣡
ЩһιȥԪüĴĶħ׳ͣһ۳ˡ
ţüĴҲˣһ۳ˡ
˺һĽ⣬޼ɵɨĺ;졣
񣡡
һ
ֻڤ;֮أ羪ףһɫâڤɫâ
ʱ̫ˣһɢ׷Ĺâ
޲Tͺ⡰Сĳͷ
ڤʲôط뿴Ϳְڣ̽Ӷð
޲TСۣһնͨСһο̣Ȼħܲѵ
̫ˡ
޲Tһһһһŭ˺Ҳûбʾ
̫ӻˣ̫Ĺ޲Tô죿̫˵ԼܵĶˣԴ߱Σ޲T룺Űɣһ㡣
ںֱû롣
̫΢΢һЦ꯳ɹˣ˵һͨ
ͨռľ죬޲Tͺע⣬֪ԭ켣жүۣǿ˺ܶܶࡣ
ţͽ֮۰ɣ̫䣬ǽ˴УԼ֮ͨۡ
֮۹Ժǿ˵Ϊġ
ֻҪ磬ھ컹ڤģܱͽĨɱ
꯺ʺһߣ񷣵ĳƺ
Ȼǰܴﵽ޽ɺ׼ʥ
˿ӵĵһͨǳˡ
Ȼʦ˵İ˳ɰգǲ֪ڶĳɰյģܲܳɡ



876 
ŵӣŵӣ̲סʵʦ棬⺢ӵһͨˣ
̫ŵ˵ͷˣͨΪۣ֮ռľ죬ܴ֮ڱ֮ߣѡнɸݴͨɴڤڤ
˻һ
ͨȻԺᴩ磬̫ǿˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ粻ԭ켣еĺģʱֻʥˣҲҪ׼ʥڵĲܼѴ
ۣ֮ȻԺ磬֪
ͨͨͨӼ˵
ꯣ
һͨɺڶСһе˺ܶ࣬ԼüĴһĵϻơ
꯼ǵ̫ĻԼĳɵİոͨһˣʣµľͿԼĻԵˡ
ʱ
ϴҵ˺ѸУͨҩ򣬳꯵Ԫ
ף
һֱڹ۲̫Ц
̫֣꯵ڶͨҲܳɵĻǺܳĽˡ
Ľܶ࣬ɶսԼ׻ڤȵȣܶ޵Ľ
ʿһ㶼ԼĽƺҲ⣬ڶͨǽ
ǵһ̫ͨǿ̫Ļеʧ
ѵֻǸ֮ͨţëÿ˶ԼĽʧ
ԣȻǲֵֻ̫
Ӳ廰ֻһʦ˵
̫˵ʱӷԼģĺܿ졣
ʦ棬Ǵ˵вչ̲סʵ
Ǻǣǲڴ˵еڣЩʿһﵽɲΣв̫Ц
ӿ϶ˣȻǴ˵еĲ
д˵ǲɵԴ
ഫĹʱڣÿʿһﵽɲΣ߻ζʱ򣬶ǲ͡
ǿĵطǡ𡱣ǿ󣬵ѪȵֻСơ
˲ʹ޵У˿ۣ˵ױȵǿ
Ȼֻеһôĺôǲ޵ͨ
ǸһߣʺϵķģǿԽģҲ˵Ľ
һִ飬ҲԶʱ֮ͨ塣
ֽڴ֮ͨϣۿ̫һĽڽ
ʵʼǲȻͨݻ˽ڽ
⻹кܶ࣬ڤӵˣҲĲȻݱʺѪ
ֽѾǺѼĴ˵ֻиһ
ΪͨĽû뵽ǲ
˵ӣ̫е⡣
ۣ֮ټⲻôԿ϶ˣ
׼ʥԷĲΣʣµΪΣֻҪ꯲룬ͬ޵С
Ǵɢޣ֮ۺͲ꯴˿̽޵С
ֻҪ̫ҽɣǾ̫޵УֻҪ޲Σ޵Ҳô˵
˴ƷϵģԲģҲ޵С
ͨǿ

ɲɻ˵ֻԤ׶ѣҪܲͦסܲܶ
˿̵ꯣѪҺ˽ɫۿɼһһۣϿʳһеʹ֪
⻹ⲿԪһھ
֮ۻǲԪϵͨڻͨģǵһͨ
꯵Ѫ֮Ԫ񣬶ھܲҾ徵ĥ

֣֣һɳĻᣬһҪͦס꯼ڱıԵĬš
뵽Լһͨķˣ䣬Լԭûô򵥣Ϊ˾ȳĸף̿ڡ
ĸ׾ȳˣԸˣʣһԸɽĽһݺɽ硣
ԼɽһɲǿǿǣûйԼǣǿߵϢͽԼſڵϵһꡣ
һ꣬ĸУûж˵ʱԼθ롣
ǣֻԼ֪ʱԼԣһҪΪһǿߣһ罾һǿߡ
ʶۣҲ֪ʦŵǿ
꯱ΪԼĸš
Ȼʦ˵һŵģԼ֮д˿̵ĳɼ޷Լǿ˵㡣
ģһֵýĶûС
֪ԼҪŬԼĸźܲܲ
깫ϣնɱɣı˳ƺɡ
ֱǰɢү
үƺŬġ
罾ǿߵ·ϣġ
Լ֪Լ˶ٵŬ
Ϊٺ͸ĸžۡ
۽ĴСŻ͵
Ϊۣ̫ټǿ߶Կǧ磬ʦŵǿ󡭡
ԣ꯴ûֻǸеСԼҪ͵
Լǵ˵䲻վ˺ܶࣿ
ʱꯣʵʧ䡣
ʦ˵ʦһᣬһһɳĻᣬǰҪա
Ļ棬˿̳һĻĻĻ룬һᶨġ
Ļᣬûж̫ˡ
ԣƾһɳĻᣬ˿̵ꯣǾҾ徵ĥѣҲܣ

ˡ
˸ɣһֱĹâаħˣ嫳档
ˣӾϲ
䲻֪Ӿʲôͨض򵥡
̫һЦ
ֻһ֣һʥˮ꯵ϡ
䡪
꯸оԼҪըˣɳڡڡڡԲ
ͣ
˲Բ硢Ϊȫﵽûһ˿
꯲֪ԼʲôֻеһĸоԼԪƺǶʮĶ
һϴӱԴԪٵգȻͳڽԲ
̫
СԵǰӡʯˣҲܵʥˮĻԵ
һı̫ͨҲꯡ
һ̫ӲģֻҪС̫ͻԴԴϴºô
˿̵ꯡ
Ϊ̫͸ˡ
ͽꯣлʦ档Ӹܹʥˮ档
нĳɾͣһ벻ǰ̫Ĵ裬֪ǶĻԵ
û뵽ԼǱ鱦ִֵͨõʥˮˡ
ν꯽ɳһˡ
ֻҪ𲻻Ĵ裬㣬ꯣҪúŬ̫
ǣӵ
ˣȹ̺ʦͽ˺úɰɡ̫꯹ɺˡ



877 籦
ɽ
ȼƺɻ󣬶ûԪʼٻˡ
ԼܳòãһֱܲԪʼĴξȻٻԼҲ֪ΪΡ
ȼƶٻеġ

ȼƻ飬ݼԪʼ
ֻԪʼϲǱ䣬һƺһˣеȼ崺ĸо
ţˡԪʼЦ
ʣȼƣűˣ
⣿ȼһȦѵԼʧĵطԼ·ŵĵط
ӸܾˣճʥãӾˡȼƺ
ǰܾˡԪʼ΢Ц˵㼸ͱͬ˶١ȻǴޣûУ
⻰˵ȼˡ
룺㲻˵ãûԼ֪ôƫĻҪ˵
ף˵ƫģȷȷġȻ֮˳ӦƵ˳֮˳ӦȻƫһЩ£Ҳ֮һЩ£ǱĴǴ
Ԫʼ˵꣬ȼһЦǰ˳ӦƣɣĶᱳ㣬Ǻǣ㵽ʱʲô
Ԫʼֵ˳ǳ֮ǿڣδڤڤе춨ԶǸµ¶ǿ飬Ǳƫģǿ顣
Ԫʼ˵꣬ȼЦˣǲҪļһǾȻ˵ǵĿ飬ŵӱѰɡףԣȵȣ񲻶ԣĶҪѱ䣬ѵǡ
ȼһƺ뵽һµ顣
۷֣Ԫʼ˵Լ˳֮ƫһЩһЩ
ƫĲ˳֮µӣıҪѣԻƫ
ԣСһǵġȼоЩ
Ϊ뷨ÿ£ƺԪʼ֪˻ᱳѣԻƫ
ѵ˳֮µĲ
ȼƲˡ
Ԫʼ΢΢һЦȼƵı仯նɱͽʱ䣬ͽȥΪԼܳɹɡ
Լ˳֮Լʥˣûʥ˵˺صӰ˵̫ǰУǶԴˣûгʥ飬ʥ˱ӰƣǲԶˡ
ʶԪʼΪ˲ȼˣֵΪǱƫͶעнˡһǰˣ뱾ͬȴԳƱµʱĵľͲԲˣѳ׼ʥף
ԪʼչʥˣʵԼƫԼƫֻСãȼƼԼͬûá
ȼһֱûнԪʼĴȼơ
ڿ־壬ͶԪʼʱ򣬵ľͲᶨˣн
ͶţһµļᶨһһǰͶųɹܿͻˡ

ȼе㱣ҲеĲȡ
˵Ԫʼ˵ȫǻԡ
ԼԼĸоƺԼԭµġ
ܵǣԼһֱûһֱΪƫĵԪʼȴԼס
ĲԲᶨܷơִʶնȥơ֮ʬնȥҡִ֮ʬԪʼ׷ʵ
ⷬ׷ʣʵȼƵҪ
ԣᣬġûеĲԲԪʼƭˣԣƭˡֻߴ·ҵ·𣬼𣬼𣬷𣡡ȼһңӴõķ𣬳ľݣƮڵĵȶˡ
Ԫʼһжҡҡͷ˵ʧû㿿˵˵ȼƵıһ
ֵĪҪţɿڤӺ˶˵սթ񶾡ȻȴΪݽƻǵļ֣һðȴģһŮʥ˺壬޽̣
Ԫʼһֻ̾Ŀͺ˵ǲȴǼᶨĵģΪĵģڤӺ
ǣִŵĵģҵǵˣɾ˾ɣɾѪݣڤӲɾ岻ʦ棻ǸһĵԻļᶨǿҲļᶨɾ˲ҵʥ˶ĨɱǣΪǴһּᶨ͵

Ԫʼ˵꣬ȼ˿Ҳεһ㡣
˿ԭΪԭԪʼûзԼѱ䣬ֵͨԼԪʼĴ
ڸΪԪʼ˵ĺܶԣԼȷԪʼûٹϵԼõôɳ˵ģ޾ûн
ȼ˵ܣҲ˵ϲ
һʦԪʼǼᶨԼĵģһǰ̽
ǲܵġ
ҺãԼҵµ·
ԼڶεĻᣬԼܴˡ
ҪлԪʼԼᶨˣҲײٴˡ

ӽŽ֮ԣӿֻţӲýʧˡȼ˵˵һ䡰αšĻ
ǰԪʼ棬ķУԪʼҲ͵ͷЦһ¡
ڷˣԪʼ˵һѣȼŸ˵һ䡰ƽα֮
Ļ棡
ƣ֪ܸĪɣûй㣬ôΪնҲĹͣԱûд衣Ԫʼ˵
˵꣬ȼɻˣ
Լռᶨ˾Աѵģ㿪ʼƫˣҺܰ
ֻԪʼһ֣һŲ㱦ˡ
Ԫʼ˱ƵľŲ籦ʦ籦˵ĺԶȴҲһƷ鱦ĲΣ⣬ļвϽ棬߿ɽɶ鱦ǱѪɡ
˵꣬ȼĿɿڴֵһ壬ѹǿѹԪȶģǲɶõ鱦Ǳļļᶨкܴĺô
ಡ
Ԫʼ˵꣬Ų籦ȼƵ
ȼˣһΣие尾ô
ȻȼʱֻԪʼֵزսȥɣһ
˵˻֣ȼ¡
ǣл
ܹ˵˼仰ȼƣ뿪ˡ
еıϲΪʲôôŤأ
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878 Ҫͳȥ
ԪʼȼˣЦˡ
Ƴ˿ȼƵ鱦ֻҪȼˣ½ѱˣʱʱԼҲܽ
˵ͣҪлָ̫㣬ָ̫嵤ԪʼֶΡ
̲ǰʧأԪʼ֪Լļϵӣضܵá
ʱ󣬾ǽ̺ڵһ̡
ڸղ˵˳֮ҲԪʼ˵˵
ȷǲϲ͡⡢ȺȼƼˣⲻǵĸϲãƺҲų⡣
ԪʼΪ֪ѱ䣿
һӵȰ棻
ڶԼҲлˡ
һʥˣǲϲԼĳЩӣҲų⣬ʣԪʼܲɣ
һɣǡôѣԪʼ̵֪ļƻ
ʼղϲ⼸˵Եɣ͸ˡ
֮ȴԪʼ֮
һߡ
ȼƿԼľŲ籦һѣ
ԪʼĻǼ⣿
λʥ˵

ˣδӱ߳
ʧ̫ˣʮ߸˺ܡ
˵ú׼ὫҪķɣơ
⣬Ԫʼ˵ˣΪ˲ŵ䣬˶ԽҪѱȼơ͡⡢ȣӵˡ
ȼƴϢֵһ
ʦܣô
׼һ㶣Լƺ˵ԣʦ֣ʦͨ޾µĽѵ֪ûܲ͸ϢҲڱɵıԵϡ
һ
ʦܾȻ˵ôĻϸһ룬ƺ
Զûܲ͸Ϣ˾̫ˣΪ֪ɺÿζԿ̫Լָơ
ýҪķ˵ǲұ֤̫֪
Ϊ̵ܣһ֪ˣӹɣֻǵ˵ѡ
ʦܵ˼ǣʡ
׼Ȼûܲ͸ϢҪŻɵ̬ҲҪűҴ̬Դκ¡
׼˵Ǳĺܿ࣬Գˣ׼ֵ˴ΣԪʼ޶˸ȼ鱦ҪȼԪʼ֪ˣǣΪβҴʦ֪Ե𣿡
Ǵ̵ʢӦǴ˵
ȷǾ衣̺ϸõϸʢΪǷ̫࣬а취Ҳǿ֮Ƿֵġ
ţʦ˵öԡһη֣ʦһƵˣʦǷǴǰֻҪôơ
ʦ֣ǽ׼ֵȻ̵ʢôκ֮ˣ赲Ԫʼǡ˳֮˵֪ǵͨǰ㣬ֹ𣿡
²ᡣҡҡͷ
ǵʦ֣Ҳ롣׼΢΢һЦ
ֵʦ֣ͨεĽѵεĲҰܣҷһܴĴҵĴ󡣡
Ŷһ
ǣǰѱ̫ΪԼܺ޹˼ɵκˣȻȻҴˡ׼
⣿һ㶣ĵװ
ǿԴ󵨵ļ裬Ԫʼ֪ǵļƻ˿ֹôһʦҪԪʼô׼ʵ
⻰ѽʵһ˼һŵԪʼ֪ǵܣһʱͣԻ͵ʢʱ̣ʼתʢΪ˥ʱ򣬸һ
ƣʦ˵öԣΪԪʼôġ׼
ףһ㶣ۺˡ
Ԫʼ֪ȼƵΪǴ˴ƣĵ˳ֹ
ǲԸԪʼض᲼֡
ȻȼƺãԪʼĲ֣ΪĲ֡
ʦܣԪʼ֪ǻ鷳Ц
ӲѣǲҪ鷳ͲɵȻϲ
ʦֶˣҲ˵ֻǴ󵨵ļ裬û˵Ԫʼһ֪ǵܰ׼
ţ˵ͷҲǡ
ʣôʦΪȼƸô
׼ЦȻб޻Ԫʼ֪ǵܣҲŵľ֪ĴУҾ𡭡
׼һ˼籦ҪҲΪ˲ԪʼɣȼҸᣬҸìܵĻˡһԪʼƶ޷ҽءսֻҪһϣǾͳɹˡ

ʦܵĻϵ㣬֣ʦܵļƻõģԼһʱ벻õİ취
Ԫʼ֪ˣԴ͸ȼ֣ȼƲҪҪͳȥԷơ
ԪʼԷ޴֪ȼҲҪ˭֪᲻⣬ҲҪͳȥ
趼뵽ˣҪҪͳȥֹؼʱ̣˿
ˡ
ƣͰʦ˵ġһˡ
еǣ̲סʣʦܣ˵Ԫʼ֪֪ǳ̣½Ҫѱ飿
ôһʣ׼Ҳˡ
׼Ҳֻ֪Ǽѡ
ǴӺܶγԿеģ֪Ԫʼ֪֪
ʦ֣ǣأԪʼ֪ɣ֪ˣǰĴȺֹˡ
ף֮һоʦ˵
˽˵ͷҲԡ
ȺתѾǷˣһΡ
ǺǳԵʣϾԼƹ塣
ԴȺ˵ķּתû˸赲תǷ֣ȺŮˣ
ǱԴתĸı䣬ȥֻر
ºҪˡ
Ƕ뵽ķŭʥˣ˱ӣôȺžͼתֺˣ˵ֻأҲɣǳŮǻǵֻҵġ
ֵˣŮľŮİɣ뿴ȥԪʼĵӴȺˡ
ȡ˸ܷԵֽУ
ȫƣȿѴȴ󱯹
ǴȺŮԣ˶ԵĿӡ
д㣬ɷʱˣźҴǵʱ̣÷פ
򣬽ֻͨʩչƻ鷳鷳

׼ҡҡͷоԼԶˡ
ʦ˵öԣԪʼӦò֪֪ôȺɸɾת
׼ֵԣҾԪʼӦò֪ǵܡ
ϣˡˡ



879 
ͳȥ
ȼյĻظһ㶡
˿鱦벻ƻԼĴơ
ʴˣº᲻ȼҲ;Ͱɡ
ͳȥҲǸ顣
Ҫûв׵ͳȥУᱻԪʼɡ
ƶҪôأȼƺ
ˣýزսƶȥСڶ࣬ͳȥ򵥵Ķˡ
ȼ뵽ˣãҪԪʼǰ¶űԪʼ֡
ȼƴȥǰߣȥزҪսǰȥ
㣬ȼߡ

ȴ˵ǰ߸⳥飬ֻԪ񣬺Ԫʼź
߸˺ܶࡣ
⣬ڴȺȺӽ߸ľ߸һ⣬һ͡
Ҳǰ׼ãͺҲҪѱĲ̵ӡ
λչˣ߸ľ߸ͲʱŽ߸ľ߸һȥתĴȺۡ
ȼƼ߸ʱ򣬺Ȼͷ
߸ʥתȼȻ뵽˺ܶࡣ
룺ǰ߸Ūȥ̣ؽ߸ݣǿλʥ˺Ůʥ˵ϵ
תﶼһֻҪĺãŮ派Ͳںĸ
οӲô˵Ű
Ĺ۲죬ȼƷ֡
ӴӺТ˳֮ǰ̫Ըĸ׺ʦܹ
ȼ룬Ҫõӣֻܴ֡
һ̫ˣѣԪʼ̫Һƫ̫ǲѱġ
ô˾εѡˡ
ǽ߸ľ߸ȶ£߸ǲͶ˵ĹϵҲ̫֡
뵽ˣȼƾԼͱüĿˡ
Լѡ
֮ȼƿʼƵƵĽӴ
ǸӲģҶԸ˺ܹ֪ȼǲ̸󣬸Ƕܿ
ȼ˳ǣһ֮ʣΪӣ˷ܡ
̳ģŵҪãʧȥЧҵĶʮֵã
ʣǴȥԺյȥѰɣǼһ
ȼˡ
ʱسأµѡԼҲˣʱȥأӴǱѰʵ
ˡ
ĸһ㣬ȼƵָ㣬Ҳн˶ܡ
߸ľ߸߸ˣڸװʦ󣬺ϲϾһĸӶǲ̵ġ
츳гɾͣҲΪ׵ǡ
ʱ
ȼ֪ˡ
죬ȼɺϵĺܣһ˶ڡ
ȼרʱ䣬Ϊľġ
뱾£֮վ˺ܶ࣬±鵤ҩ¡֪ûиķ鵤ҩǽдȼһˡ
޶ۣʦˡûţӶء
ȻǱеΪͽû˼˵Ų޷ҪǵҪᶨǿĻǣڴ漣ˣڱһ漣Ļᣬա
ȼ˵Ĺûʣһޱȸж
Ȼ
ֻȼóһŲı˸͵ʥ˲Ծƽ͡
˱޾Ϊ̶е㹱ף豾鱦Ǹݹ籦ƶ
ȼƽܴʱѾˡ
Ѿȥô棬ֻʣǸҵģ
ȼƽһԪĥԵͣǹһ壬ʹɣ˴ľ͵Ҫ
䡪
оתĸԼˣǲ˼顣
⣬⣬ʦ⣿سˡ
ĪҪСŮ̬ŰɣϣĪҪñʧȼ˵
¡ˡ
߸ֵһҲˡ
Ƕͬ죬Լһ̫ˣܲݣ
һ˶ȼƵ˽жʱȼƣȷӮһҵغ;塣
ȼ˿е᲻ãһɹˡ
Ϊ˵ͳµ鱦ǲ֪֮ˣҲȼƵӡΪĹۣ⸱ûԼô˽
ԴӾͺܺá
Ӵˡ
̿ʼˣȼƴ籦һɳĻᡣ
ȷĥԪ͵ģȼƵҲġ
ܴ֮ڲɵĲΣǿմϱˡ
ɽ粻ɺ͵Ҳɡ

Ԫʼ֪͵һüһ뵽ǣԼƴˣȼô˽š
ݲزսѾʼˡ
ؽ·ϣ˴˵ǹ̵Ѵݹ١
ʲôݹ٣˵ĺˡ
ǾսĿʼѡ
ȼʱҲֵĶԲĹûӱܣһʱϵǰߣһ̵ӡ
ǣ߸һֱߣ˵Աָ㡣
̫ҶûлɣԼǿָ߸ԼҲûйǵĺͽؽ̴ս



880 Сү̵
ѣ԰Ϊνؽ̼˶ܣƺ˴ֲһ
ڽءǰߣ깫꯳ˡ
ֵǣ깫뿿ԼġУεķ֣ؽ̵ĵӣԼǶһ
깫ơ
ƶҲ֪ɡ깫ɻ
ǰһʮתͨһʮתԪ
꯵Ϊһɫģﵽ˽Բ
깫ԲĲΣҲָտɴ
⣬꯵֮ۺͲǿף̫Ҳε飬ǴĶһϸߵͣӮٵľ档
ǿı֤ٴβ뵽У㾡ܶ٣ѽʱҲܻøĹ¡
깫ļƻǴӽؽ֣Ͼؽ̵ĵӶ࣬βģû뵽ˣû˸ҺԼ
ȥ̰ɣʵ
ɡ깫ҡҡͷǲнڣǲǲеġ˵Ҳǣ˵ڴˣǽؽǵԭ򡣡
һᣬ깫Ǿ䣬óȻĲ֣вͨȰѰɡ
룬ֻˡ
˵̫󣬵½ؽ̼ˣ깫Ǽһ
˲֪ǣ깫ѱͨΪɽĴˣԲ˴˿̵ľ棡

ȴ˵᪴һ·նħһ·ѹĵλ
⣬᪵ԽԽ֮ʦһ·֮صаȫ˲
ܸеԼصĵط
·һʱ򣬿ʼˡ
ءìܣ䲻˲俪򣬵Ǵ˿̿ʼֹ᪴ģǽؽ̵ĵӡ
أ
ؽŹصĹؿǰ˴
Źܼ͡Ϲʶһʱ᪽Ĳ赲ˡ
᪵ľӪһ᪵Ľ˳Ĭ
Źǽؽ̵ӣǰ̳Ĵ󽫣ֳ̳ˣ·ϵش󽫣ȴûһģһɫǽؽ̵¡
óǰؽ̶̳ã̳аȵľ棬벻ؽ̵ķ

ʦǺãصŹ𷼣ǽؽ̵ĵӣһͨ˻ǣϵƣǿѶȹ̾Ϣ
ҲƣԼ֪ԼĵУԼǻ۹ˣڳıߵģȥս治С
˼޷ֻܷԡʦų֡
ԼˣǶȲء
Ȼǿ˼޷ȫٵʱ
ʱ
ӡʦоʦʦŵ߸ǰݼʦ˵Ź𷼡
Ŷһ㶣롣
˵ɺϣȼƴ߸뿪˳أΪǱԪʼĻɣ᪴ǰ᪴赲
ȼƾãһֵĻᣬҲһýءսĻᡣ
Ź𷼺󣬷ǽؽӣɶѡ
޷ǽͨһ˻ǵͣ˵գۿơ
֣ܳ˵սʼˡ
ô߸ǰ߸ҲڳˣŹ׾١
˴ʱһĻ

߸ݼʦ塣
߸һǰһͯģ᪵˺һʧ
ŹأӲǹȥޣ˵Ź𷼣
˽˶ޱȵʧ
𣬿̫ʦ߸ʦֶʵ
ʦ壬ʦ߸߸Ը仯ܴ󣬿վǺԼǰһ᪵Ľ첻ûилԼ߸ơ
ŵģ߸֪̫ӣʥŮתһΪ˵Լʦߵ̫ࡣ
Ź𷼲֪вУ߸ͱȴ˿Լ޲ǿ
ʦֶаŹ𷼣йµʣҲûɡ
ʦİɣŹ𷼰ˣͿһͨѣʦֶһǹһȦ
ǾͺãǾͺá
˽ĺ죬ȴΧĽܣ̫ϷˣʦȻˡ


һ̾ϢžӪС
߾ǿСүɣŹ𷼣ѵסǣѵס߸ɣ
ˡһ߸̲סˡ
ԼæģɫãСүһʶǹˣһ̾ϢǸСү
ʦֶϢŭʦֶϢŭҾԱ󽫱ŹܣŹ˵˱콫նɱλλҲǾУûпʦֶ
æȰ裬˵߸Ը񣬾˵Ǹ첻µزµģҪǰ߸ŭˣ»᲻
ߣŹ𷼣ô˵
߸סˣ룺һǶСүĿ࿴

Ȼ
գ
ݣΪ׵ĴŹ硣
صʿҲ硣
شӲǽ᪴ǰǺš
ȿǵΣȰȥŹ𷼽
Ž˵еߵλ᪾֮ʦ뽫ÿ·Ϳ̿ⲻǴ뿴ġ
ҳӶѣԼɴ֮ˣȥȴѡµͿɡǰˡ
㣬㡭
뷨УԼôʴȣʮþȵ¹
ΪпԼ᪵ģԽܡ
ڳãŽһ·ʰħ֣磬Ŀˣͨ·ϲΣ
˿һҡͷ
ȷҲʴȣ˵Ժϸ
Ƿ˾Ƿˣ۽̫СˣⲻϹʱˣܵõء
٣ǽزսؽ̵ģԼ̺ù
Ź𷼣˽ؽ̵ӣȴ֪ͨشơ
һ磡
߸оˣʹô˵ˣ
˵ûû˵ģǲʹ죬֪ôʹ죬Լˡ
УСүûʱǺģһһ䶼ˡ߸롣
߾Źͨ˵ã˲߸ǰֶΡ

໥˫ˣôվ
໥һȻ˭粻˭ٿ
ôǣ԰СޣȻȻڮٴ󽫾
Ź𷼣

ס߸˷ܣСү˵ģҪսսŹɸң
ŹŭˣصĴҲŭˣø֪СޣΪǺӣǾͻ
߾Сޣǰ㣬Ҫ󽫾㻹ʸ񡣡Ź·һԾǰ



881 ս߸
˭Ҫսսµ˵ʲô
߸ܸˣҪսˣԼǶ磬춼ˡ
һŭ
СޣҪǿתģԼΪֻǸСء
û뵽Сôſ
߾һС
䡪
ֻһϮ߸һЦɵķ
ԼͳһУȻһнɣǸӣϾҲԼӣӭսˡ
߸Сġˣôأ
ˣˣҾ˵̫Ϸˣɵˡ
˰һնɱˡ

ף
ʲôô
˻
̶̵һ˲䣬ֵֻһУΪ߸㲻
ɽһĻˣȻ˿
ҽһУҲһС
߸˷ܣֲǿԴ̫ӣѾܾû֣ڿԹĳˡ
߸֣أԼ˷УǸ˷ӡ
䡪
ǬȦһȦ˷ֱ֣һ˿Ϣû¡
⣿
˻ޣ
ңûʹȫ߸ˡ
ôأ
һ߸뵽ˣǷˣֲãˡ
߸滰֪ôģŹɵˡ
ĵޣôǿղһԼ˵赲
Ź𷼣ˣˡ߸һ˵
Ź𷼣
Ź룺ܲܲƶо򲻹㡣
߸ֵ
Ź룺ˣţƶҲҪϰˡ̶޳ܣȻ˿̾Ϳʼˡ
ߣ㲻ɣŹ𷼰һᣬɣǷҲ
㣡
Ź֪߸֣ʶʩչֶΣ߸ȻܲʣʹǰһһУһС
ô߸ġ
ʦֶСģŹ𷼴ͨǿ⣬ʦֶ·ǵȷǿһоͻɱ˺Լ˶ٵķ֡
Ҳ£߸˵
ʱ򣬾ȼ˵ˣԼ⣬Ź𷼵ͨʩչˡ
Ȼ
ãôãŹ𷼾ˣԼǿֶζС޲ʹ
С޵ǲһô
Ǵǰ߸ǳ˺壬곥˲ͯӣҲ˵߸ûֻ꣬Ԫ
ˡ߸Źһ
䡪
͡Ź㲻ӲǿԼķһУǷˣԼҲˣӰ
ããã
߸˷ܣŹ𷼲״ղԼҲǰ˷ַȻûôԼҪʮֵķˡ
ಡֻ߸Ųȷֳֻ֣ǹ
ǿķǿǬȦͻ籡
߸òлǹŹ𷼶ȥ
ãӣŹ𷼶޿ɶ㣬֪Լˡ
Ȼ
ס֣ҵѡ
䡪
ӭ߸ǹһꪣֻǷꪵƱȻǹǿһл߸Ĺ߸˵ĺԶ
߸ˣ˼򵥵һУԼȻôǱ
Ź𷼱ģȻһϤİԼˡ
ԼǰˣһĵúܣӢüĿһᶨ
һ󣬵òȻһ׽ĸо
㣬㣬㡭깫ѣŹ𷼾ȵʡ
˲俪ʼӣܾǰһСͽԼΪԼ˽ؽӡԼòû˺ɫԼʥ£ɢΪ顣
깫ԼĹϵԶˣٺ˵깫˵ʦʦĴֻǺԼû˹ϵˡ
û뵽ԼҪˣԼģȻ֮ǰԼ𣬻Զļһ
ŵѱ깫һ֡
ڽҵˣҺ֮ǰѹ㷺Ź𷼾֮ǰʶġ
ֻǴû۹⣬˽ؽ˺󣬾ͿԼˡ
˷ǣԼ޷ԼҲҪΪ˴սԼһؽ̵Ϊ飬ܶ˵ģ
㣬㣬㡭Źһü㣬ǲ֪˵ɶ
һߡ
߸һ꯺깫͵Ҳһ䣬ĵüһⲻǴǰԼʦһƵ
ʦʦǲ˵ǵݣˡ
߸ͲˣҲԼǰܹ֣ܲ£ԭ깫ԼŮ޺Ůɡ
˳ֹԼЩԼ
߸ãˣԼһ
ǣ߸
Լˣֳֳꪵļһ
߾һС߸Ƿŭ˷صĸо
ܴɺڵΪоҲǣͬһû¹
߸ûд⣬ֻ߸ͷۡǬȦ籡֡֡ǹשе鱦ȫʩչ˳
꯶ĽøԣСޣȻô鱦
˵ܺȲԼһ׻ꪣԼΪٵģ
깫˵ˣ֮⣬Ϊ˴ҽĻ
ˣҲˣ뵽ôԣСޣҪǿŮתݣһҪ㡣
ͷ۵߸Ųȷֱ֣֣ŻǹǬȦ֡籡ש
ȫԸˣһ򲻹
ˣоԼ޵еĺܣԼͬԼ˷սûˡ
û뵽һԼӮ߸ܺԼһ
Ҳ˾ͷ
ڱ˵߸סˡ
˻ǿСޣô鱦ǿͨûӿ־߳Ź𷼷֡
ԭղţСϷŪԼ˼ҸģڲȫԸ
ǰӰ˱ȲˣȲ˰깫ĽӲͯӣһ鱦Ľ
ҺԼҲǿʦµİܶ߸С
䡪
˴սһĵǿ
깫֣оôϤĸоԼ־ĸо˭
ƺƳԼƿأ߶ˣԼĿ顣
㷲Ǵ˿̽飬һ
һߣ
꯴ս߸ڳ˵һѪںĿǴľӢӡ
ֵֽľ棬׿ģһһʽ豹档
ó߸СޣƵһ
е߸ǽɣΪСһ߼鱦ȻֲӢüĿأ
ѵ鱦ã
־棬ԭ켣жûг֣ս߸档



882 ħֵ˵Ե
֮սң߸֣Լʹ˻ĽȻԵֿꯡ
㵽˭ԽԽûף߸ܿƴһʵ
Ī˭С꯺깫ˣµģȻƽ͵Ľ̸
ɶСү㻹Զ߸һôɶˡ
꯾òˣԻСˣҪսʱ
߾ҲһС
ֻ˸嫵Ϣ
߸һ㶣ԭ˸ղŻбֱ˼顣
ꯣ֮߶һвǷĴ߶ļӳ֡
䡪߸ǹǬȦþȫĵֿ
ȻȻס߸оһɴݻһеԼƴȫȻǶ֡
䡪Ǳɵʯӣ߸һеĹˣϢʼȡ
ǿ˴֡
߸ģºǣòڽȰ˵˱ˡ
һεĽʧˣסˡ
һֱ۲ȼһգۿԼļƻʩչĲû뵽һȫƻˡ
˻깫ꯣҪһȼˣ깫ˡ

᪾УӣʿӰܴ
Сͨ߸оܶΪԼǰ󣬿ɵ´˴εĴս
û뵽ˣЦһĻԼ
ǰֻ˵ɴ˺ԼͬΪͽԽˡ
뵽ǰ᪵ڽ˵Լֵڱɻˣʮֵܡ
һѾûʱȥοԼʦֶӶ깫΢΢һЦĻ棬оͷƤ飬оһﲻǸ

ȴ˵أŹ𷼸˵Ϊ깫ء
ҿλļʱλǰ󣬿С޵ˣммŹ𷼺˷ܣסˣʦѾǰԮ·ˡ
ΪϵԮǰûȵûȵ˵Ҫ깫꯾ԼԼѾˡ
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Լʥ˿´˴ٺ󣬽綼ˣھı仯㲻֮о򵥡
Ϊش䡢ģôܽǣҪԵĿɲǽҪʢķ̣ɽڶ
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ȵģ̲סһ
ʦ֣ɵӣҪ׼ˡ׼ȴ
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Ҫ绹Ҫһ䣬ǰΪԪʼͨľսףˡ
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Ԫʼӵĵ˵ˣ˵ûֵܼܲжˣ¶ìܺͳޣҲֻԼڲһҪһ²С
䣬ʥˣԼȥģ
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ΪŽֵܣͷѺע˽ûµġ
ˡͨԪʼºӣ˿ҲɵĬһˡ
ΪλҪҪѱļˣҲΪ˼ʾԼ̡֪
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Ԫʼͨ죬ļöһۣ˵˵ͷ

׼ᣬƱ
ߣ˵ûǣǺõ򣡡

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˵ȼƣ⡢ͺ;ﶼŵúܣû뵽ľ棬ܲԡ
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ȷˣɽɽ̫СˣҲҪʥ˵һˡԪʼҲ

˵ģʢн棬ǻԻ͹Ҳį
˿˸Ƿĵģ֮һǻĲˡ
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˲˵һξ޴Ķ򣬵ͷͨˣһҶۡ

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893 ڸ
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ʦ֣ѾǿʢУЩĶ塣ͨݻδﵽʢһ֮Ϊ˲֡
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Ϊʦصģ˷ܸˡ
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ʦַİɣʦȥѰһ˭֪ĵԳ棬
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Ϊ޲ͬϺĽҪɴ֮ںľ翪ĻԪһô֮
һбԪ޽ɵĵ·ͻԪ޽ȣ˵˭˭ֻ˵ںĵĽЩҲõ˺ô
üĺ½ѹǣǲĵϵ֤Ҫȥ硣
ԪӺŮ洲һ˵Ǻĵġӡ
йĽڳˣܾΪӳͰܣǺˡ
ʶд֮ɹںԪӺŮ洣˵ʹõǴĲųģźݱ䣬ܸϡ
Сʱ򿿼ڳˡ
ܻرĶˣԺ˵Ҳһµĵµ·ںݻ
ĺǣ΢עͺͺǷ
̫룬뵽
Ů׶һŮ͵˺ĵŮŮͱԴȻŮˣȥ˻ˣúҳܣ˸ˣԴ
׶Ӳһܼ̳мҲģܴŮԴԺҳŮϲ׶ӡ
ȻŮҲС
üǣԼںϽģҲԡ
ǻӦ
ģͬڻıԵ
ЩŮǲᵱŮġ
ǲ׶ӣ±˲Ʋɼܵٿء


897 ɽ磨ϣ
ɽ磿
ֻһˣŮһһ㱺һ޴ƽ̨ϡ
ʯ̨У̨
ûã̫Ϊɽٳ׼ġ
ڴ˵صҲһˣľʥˡ
ľʹ飬һЩɽĹغָ
ǰľӴˣ˻һѼѡġñطꡱ
ľ˿̶ڸ̾ˡ
ֵܣһ壬͵˺ܶ࣬ľ˵ĸо
ң֮ǰʦںʱ޷ӡ
ľоɽҪˡ
޼ˣ˵ԼЩϼһﶼҪˡ
֪оУһǻǺܾúܾǰܡ
ϵòãķּ֮Ҳûһκܲһ
˱仯ҿһҵˣһԤϰ
ı仯ľܴ
ú
ľмѣ׼ᡱ
Ҳˣ׼ᣬֶС۶ˣһõɮһׯ¡
⣬˼嫲׵ȡ
ֱ仯ľףǷ̳ԵʡֻԼǰСˣǷ̵ĳˣ仯Ҳܾ޴
룬͵ۿǣǰЦ塢׼ᡢˣ˲սʦȻʦѹ
Ǿ׼Ȳ͡
ľμ˺󣬲ˣ˱Ͼһʥˣ˵ȻСﰡ
֮ľֽ˺ܶˡ
ҺãܳƵѵĲࡣ
ʥ˺ʣµĶһЩСߴûڼٳ顣
ѡɽ硣
˺𺳣û뵽ɽһۣͼʶ˸߲ʵʥˡ
ǱͽĸӵĽˡ
һľãʦ˼
Щһѹ壬޷졣
Ͼ֮ӣɽҪǲת̬ܻܲҡ
죬ˡ
һŮееòȻ
ľʥˣһۿ˴˲򵥣ļƺֶߵĸо
ʺԸ񣬲ľִޡʴ֮˵͹
ľһ㶣̨˵ĸźͼ⡣
ɵˣľֹȻ깫ŵӣǴ˴η֮ˣʦͦô˵ģ
ԭ̨깫񡢺꾫þ
ľãҾϲˣһҡͷվʦʦЩﶼһͬʣƶȴһ½ƻݵĵӡ
ͬҲͬ
ľլʺģȷ깫ΪĿĲݵġ

һߡ
ɣɣɽˣСлࡣ꾫ˣơ
һ΢ӣ깫Ҵ󣬱С깫ӦǣֻҪϣĸһԵ
ŮΪȫ깫ڵ˴˿̣깫ҲǸسŵģɽ硣
˵ǴǰɼʥƵӣƶӦ˾ͻ깫΢΢һЦ
ݹݣеġ
ⲻ֪仰еľ˵ͷ㲻
ôȥɽ磿ȴʵ
깫ţҲãԼɽҲ֪
ֻ˵ʱſڵſһ꣬Ҳû˵ľ޴ƽ̨
˵غͽ̨һһĵһվӦһ̨ϣĴңǲҵھ뿪ˡ깫أһ˵
̨ҪҲ˵ŻɽŻ
Բľڴأһֽء
Էɽн磬Ҳ飬֪Ҵɽ硣
⣬⻹ͶӰǧ̫۵ģһСת
ĵطָ飬й¿õġ
һס̫Žеľǰ
ľ½ɾʥ˺ܾˣ̫չأһҲҪʬһС
ֻʬһˣһµĽ
й²ʹ̫
ŻֲͬĵʺԼչǿ
깫ˣһε־һ
ɣС򶼲һ飬ǵȷһ޴ƽ̨֮ϣֻƽ̨ܱεıݣ֮˵ɽ磬ݹâǿǳȥǾ˽̨˵
Ȼ𣿡깫˿񣬵˵ͷ˼̽ķҲˡ
Ӧãôᱻס˵ӦðҴӵƽɽģŵƣɽô᲻ǳȥ깫ɻ
ùҲǵˡ
ľ뿴깫ôԷ̨۲һ
ô죿ʵ
깫û˵
ŻӦиذɣ꾫ֹ
㣬ǲи˺һϲ࣬סǳȥþһš
ɣѵɽĸҲϲеרɱࣿ
˵Ůһš
磬ġˡ̫ˣͳϦģҺԯš
֮ܶ˼ɱûԭ͸е
ףԣ깫͵һ
ûŮĺ˵˵֪һ㣬ɽǿ۴ڣ˭еʺ۴̡
뵽ˣ꾫˵ģĵطء
ղźˡ
ˡ
깫һԼ˶ѣѵɽ粻ǿ
ҵԼӵƵģǡ
һݼǰˡ깫ת˵
Ůһ㶣
깫Сݼǰһݡ
óǹϰˣͶء
ѧ˵꯵İǵϥ
깫Ծܶӣǿ߾Ϳɣֻһݡ
صľһҡͷСĻú
Ҳ˲٣ձȱź͹ǱѹĺܲҰ
ҪǱۿͶ֪ˣܻ
⣬̨棬˵Ƚ룬˽ص㣬סˡȶС
ǽͬ壬ҲôϢ
ȱͶĶˡ
θɣͶӰǧ磬ЩֲŹ֣Ϊ磬ҲΪǧ硣
СڮԼǹȥľơ
Լֻǿ깫ôǹȥǵġ
Ҳգ۲Ĳˣóȥˡ
ˡ
ľʥˣɽ̨ߣ
ľ嫵ѹ٣ʥ˵ϢԲҲ١
˴оü١
ʥˣʥ˳棬ôѵɽʥ˱ߣ
ȵȡ
깫һ
ľʥˣⲻǰ˵ʦԼҪʦġע깫ǱӶȻţһ
ǣʦΪҪΪԼѵڲͣ
깫ԼܺڣҲ׵˼룬ʼ
оԼܱˣͬ
¼ĶˣҲĶˣⲻ֡
깫ݼʦ档깫æһݣͬʥǰԼҲҪͬź֮
ԼܽʥץסѱѹԼһ
СССŮ񣩣ݼʥˡ
ľһ㶣깫Ƕĵӣ밺쳤̾ˣ⡭
ȻСˣô룬ѵ֪ŽģûģԼĴʦʯ¡
깫
ɣľ˵
깫ľ΢Цʵ
깫յͬǰҪԼԼ
ʦ棬깫ǰȻţʦָ깫ʼˡ
ľˣˣСǷᡣУԼҪѵһ٣Ҫ⻹ˡ
Žһ޾£ܽСһɽˡ
֪ľʵ
깫һ£룺Ȼ˵Լǲͬôء
֪깫ӵԼͬ죬ʦүҲܿԼԼȲܲʲıӵһҲʦүԼľʥˣɱԼ
ããø˼㣬ƻСӣԼСȥŵȫ㣬㲻ΪΪ԰أʥ֪Ҫȥ̫硣Ҳգѹú÷˼ȥɡ
ľһֻ֣깫У͵δ֪ĵط
̫硣
һ˲˵Ϣæһչү԰ĹСһһʯϢ
Ȼһʯ콵һҽУһͷɢıѹˡ
С˲һ飬ôˣ
þûˡ
˱ͷˣѵүĻ͵ˣ
ҪȥǵúþǰԼһƯĽ㽻˺þãǽ˵ʥˣŮ
һͷɢѹĵˣԼҲȥ⵹ùĵ˵˵ȥ
С˲޸˵űѹ깫ȥ

ʲô֣
˲¶Ĵۣ¶Դ깫
깫òǱһ·Լǰ˸˲ޡ
ĵףþıԴ֮ģô˲ξԼҪǳ˿ܻо޴Ľ
ǣùأȲЩˣȥԼһ˵ԼͬŴѹˣԼ
ޣģ깫ʡ
үĵ
ү˭깫һ̾
үү
ȿȣƶүĵš깫ˡ
үүʵŸѵ㲻֪үĵдҶ֪ġ㲻֪ôģ
ҡ깫



898 ɽ磨£
̨
깫ľ֮ʣµŮˡ
ʥԼˣ²£
ʥʥˡ
ľҲֱˡ
ԼģôЩĶôأɶء
ʥû깫赣ġľ
һ㶣ǿ۽ˣΪ󣬾Ȼ˵Լû˭ɽʥ
ǿ°
ô깫һͬǰľ㾡ơ
Լž޲ĵĶˣȻǸԶĲ£汻ʦ˵ˣ깫Լ͡Ĳˡ
ʥˣñǡ꾫˿һһʮ˵˳
ƣ֪ܸĪɣȻŴӦǣǾ˵ȥɡ֮ˣǿ˵ŶɽģС˵ᱻӻȺľŮ˰֡
һ߹âŮˡ
СޣľԵġ
Ůãȡ
ָ㣬ԼϤŵ֮
ҴŮԣǸĺӣȸղӻ깫ǿˣŮ޿˳ۡ
ʥˣ硭󱻸Ϊãǰ¡ǰǰ˵ͱλ׼ʥͽΪ깫ɽ硭
񲻱ģо˵ûãʥǰ˵ѣⲻɵ
ʥ˸Լһ崺ȻĸоԼϲ¶顣
ڵ꯺깫Ǻѣ֡
ӣ깫Ǻѣ֡
˵깫ãǱŤᶨģ깫ġƻ䡣
ûҸκˣԼʵҲ̫ϲ깫ġ
ƣҲҪͽˡţ˲űҲȥ̫ɣȥһȥ絺ʥһԵúŬɣ
ľһָоԪж˺ܶ깫һˡ


ڳˣɽ𣿡
㣬ǿѹɽ磬ǾȻ޷ڿշԾ⣿
ǰоɽܺ嫣ȫԸܴһɽоҲʹһʯͷ
ô죬깫ɱʥ˳ͷˣȥģ
ľ̨תƳ
ʵɽ硣
ֻɵǣָƼķУʩչͨݷ˺öࡣ
ƺһĵ谭ɵ飬ɽȴ˺ܶ౶
ƼˣҪʩչݷ˺öࡣ
Ůʱ
ЦˣһɵСȻУǲСǲ͡
䡪һŮоһͷƤ顣
ֻһ׳˶ͷɢľˣЦĿԼˡ
һ˵ɷһͿɢĸо
ѵǴ˵ףһȡ
˵סһδս׿׵Ѫ׵ɷһС
µľ˵Ҳһ׻ġ
Ǵ˵
磬У١
Ѫס
ǣǶûǰ󺺣һԼսľģס
ȻŮоСʱ
ߣˣʲô£һһȺӡ
ͻһǳ⣬Ůɵˣѵǰˡ
ǸˣҪܲףסעνףûн֮µġףԼѪ֡
㲻ɣ״ŭ
ߣСӣ˵ע㡣һͻ;죬ֻ֮ơ
ǣ˵ע㡣һ֮ơ
Щӡ塣
˺ˣģ̨˵ģܵģҪȥһߣǡֻһĸֵ
ȻĶѵìܴܺġ
Цˣ˵ѡֲվ˵ҵˣԭūֳˡ
ӣ
ӣ㡭
ˣλҺһӣĪҪ˿ɺãҺһСһݸ
ȿȣ
ӵҪ岻ϧ񡣡
Ǿǡ

Ůɵˣˣ
ôֵĸо
ȫӣȴģĸ
ʲô塢ģףľȻôĸˣȫЩ׵ġ
ɽ
գĺ꾫˵ˣԼǸ˵ָ㣬Ÿ˴ɽ磬˵һԵ󡭡һ
պ꾫ãһòǰˡ
ʥˣǸָ֣Ůɽĵһо𺳻𺳡

һߣ
ûкû˻ΪŮɺŮ޴ŵɽ硣
ӹˣʹߣĴȥ˱Ӫ
߶µıȥ档
ǿڼʶˣ̾棬˴Ļҵ峤ʢ˥
ųʥ֮ģһ·򱱡
̴ˣֶˣĴӪʥأǽеĿࡣ
˻ԯԼһ棬͡
˵Լû棬ú
˵Լ˰й»ӣֻҪúн
˵ֻǿʼ׼ʥĻʯ
˵ɽ治ףΪȺҪŬҪΪĻʯӻ¡
˵츳컯ĪҪˣȥϵͳһģһĵۣȴȸ˵
һֱ˻ԯ
Լݵ棬˵Լԯĺˡ
ңɨͳһ壬Ϊģô˵Ϊ
ԼԼָԼ컯
⣬ԼܹȰ棬һҪΪĻʯΪ˲ʢ޾¶Ŭ
ԯȥԱ˿̵ĵҲԥ
Ͼ˽⿪ĽϴԶȫֵźġ
֮ɽһ˳ģǿ˷ֲ͹±ӻֲ

˵ģº꾫ŮҲ˵ġ
˵ģвҵġ
ҵ깫һοĵĺһ˲޽
ޣʮˣ˵ʮڻƶϢģô˵㻰깫ѹţֻ©һԴԹĶ˲޵
Ҵˣû⼸ܶ𣿡˲һί
˵Ǻܺõˣ˵㻰˵
깫ȴһ㶡
ȷöԼʶĶԼΪǶڳЦԼƺʲôԼ֪
ЩˣЩˡ˵ģ깫ʡ
ǰ˲޵˵ͷֵʵ˵ҲԣΪҶ֪ˣ깫
ȵȣ깫һȦô֪ƶ깫
˭ģ깫𺳡
˭Ұľʥ˴ģ˵и깫ҪͷҪѹ꣬˼һ¡̫綼֪ˣ㿴ö㣬ʥү
޹񣬿Ҫ깫
ޣ㣬˵˵̫磿깫ŵʡ
ɵүĵ̫ģǰʹ˵үĵ˲ޱӵĿ깫
㡭깫Щˡ
˲ޣǰԼƿԼģ˵үĵԼү˭˵үү
Լ֪үʦ̫簡
깫ôʥģʥ˺ܴͰôʥģ˲޺ʡ
깫ȴȦˣòƶˡ
Լľʥѹ̫磬ԼĿĵأԼ̫Ķ֪ˡ
ֲ죬һһԼ¶ԼӣԭԼ֪
ޣľʥ˻ʲô깫Ļʡ
ʥ˵˼ûŵĹ󣬵ڷ磬ӲпĻ߳ԺǴĻУ̫㣬ԼʦĺܡӡʥֻһԸѧŵӵķȺͼ̣ȴʥҪѹ㣬˵˼㡭깫ʲô㣿
㣬㡭ȱʣ˵깫Լܴˡ
Ŷ˲Ҳ
ʥ˵Կעδĵûмᶨĵģûк嫵дɾ͡˵Ȼ߳ССؽɽ磬ӦǴǰĳɾĻʯ˵ĻʯҪġȻʥҲ˵ˣΪͬ޵֮˵ĲͬдҲû򲻸ðͬŵˣľʥ˲ʥˣźִ̫ʥˣҪͷ㡭

Ļ깫ûȥ
ڷ֣ԼɵӣˣҲߴˡ
ֲãǰ˵ԼȥɽȱȥҲʲôģȥ̫һ¡
һ£ܾǰԼ˵ӦһŵȺͷǣһԼеڵġ
깫ˡ
ҲвⰡΪʦү̵ԼʱΪʲôûԼ˵Щ
ѵʦѹ⣿֪Լд˿̵
깫һʱ벻ͨҲ벻ףɣѹ꣬Լʲôǣͬͬţˡ


899 

ȣˣ
Ҫȥһľʥˣ
áƶȻˣҲáôƶ˳˳ˮϰˣĴĥҲʥĶԡ
⣿
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̫طˣ˵档
ڳţȷ깫
깫֪ʲôе󳹴ĸоеܾ档
ҲãȻʥ˵İţ깫ƺҲûԹǾɡ
ľʥ˲Ầ깫ģ롣
һ֮󣬵뿪ˣǴģľʥ˸ָ㣬˳
̫һУ˵أ˵ĺ嫣ý˳һ
ȥ̫˵ʥصǰȥ̫ǰǰȥʱж
֮ܳʵҲܾʣϣԼڶ̶̵ļֲ꣬һԼĸ

̫ƽͣһֱˡ
ɽĶƽͣ˿̴ˡ
νƽͣ˭Ҳռ˱ˣԼʱƽ
죡
һǿϢڣʥ˵ѹϯ
ĵ˲𶯵Ĳ壬ɽ硣
ĴӪС
ۿ˻ѹһ¡
塢׼ᡢˣʵǺþúþˡ
û׵ۿĺޡ
һ̶ˣǰսʱʥѹǵģҪԼƴĵֿʱͱˡ
˱ʧȥ˵򣬱˱Զߺڰ޾˱ʧȥͥԼԼڷľŸӡ
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ԣºҲìܺͳޣչ˵㡣
׼ͽǣͬһֱжߵĳУ֪֪ף
ҪǱ˴˶ʥˣҪǱ˴˶зŲµǣҺ˵͵ۿԼս׼ᡢУս
ۿǣˣͨҲзŲµºͽɡ
һѵǰĳ޾ˣۿߵ
磬Ҳ˼̫һܱ
ۿϢŭʵѲ˼µŭʧȥǡޱ
ۿһ̾ܣޱףסһ뵽֮ǰ裬뵽Ƕѹȣʣʾƽ
£޵Ĳֻһңݣ壬Ҳݵģǰʥˡ׼ᡢʥ˴ѹĲֻǡ
ߣ俴˽ӣеѪģλ࣬ǲưոݵġˣ϶ƻĺܣǺû̫ĳޣػϹۿǶġۿЦעͳƣԪʼӡͨ졢׼ͽ
˵˵ĺܶԣԵʥ˿ʥѣǱ˺ܶࡣҲ֪µķ̣Լϵ岻׶Ը
ôǶȰǳޣ㣬Ĺδ棿ۿŭˡ
ʵ֪ԼǰѹĲңԼӵԵʡ
ĪҪᣬķԵû¹ˡƶʵѣԼ˼ǣĪҪʥ˵ɳͷ޲˵ޱûصۿǻס
֪ڼҴҵģػһǣǰ˳ɵĸ磬ǶǰڹѪƴԿǣ㱾סۿ
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ǿ𣿺ǿ
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£ȷɵǱЦ
Ŷô˵ۿʵ
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˵̫꣬һҡͷⲻǱ
ҡҡͷЦ
ʲģҪֻ֪Ҫ֮˵ģֻҪŮﻹڣû˸̫֡塭Ҳ棬ǿǿȲ˵ǵĺࡣȱҲ٣һûʥˣڶҴҵǵۺ˵壬ԿҲռ⣬ñ´ñʥġ
꣬˼˺þá
ۿҲã֪һͷˣǻ׵ġ
Ȼ
˸ն¼ƻȴ¼Ҵҵǰ档
ʣͨʥ򶫺һ·ڣĿĵضǰĽΧ
ʲôˣô
ɽ綫н
ͨĵͨ챻ѹСèС˭ûʥ˵ʥ˵
Ҳ͸ͨ˵ӣûйȻ̲ѡ
ΧͱϷˣĻʲôʥ˵ֻһͨ档
û뵽ͨô
һкûֱӵǹƥ
ĿĲ˵ˣ˼ǣӻˣضˣٰѴǰʥʱ̲ĵó
˵ɽ缸δ䣬˺ܶ౶óͨĴǰҲпޡ
棬ͨ˾ˣأ
ãøͨ죬겻Ը񣬺ãȻʹǣͨʥУһȻû䣬ˬ졯λǿԥԥȥĻ飬ͨ죿ɲô࣬˭Ȱˣȥͨ졣ߣ

⣿һ
ۿһ֣ͼʧˡ
һڴܾȡ
ȿȣǰռƻȥϵɣۿ˵˵һ¼ˣҪϵġޱЦ
ۿ˵ãôˡ
ҪǵۿͨˣҪϵģȸղϻҪҪ
˷ԸȥޱʡҲʧˣȥۿͨĴս



900 ͨսۿ
үڻˣء
ͨ콵еɪĽϣһɫţޡ
ţడ
ôĵģǶ౦˽
ؽģĲҳ±ˣҸɸˡ
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ۿǵȷʥˡͨǣǲݺͨĵǡ
Ӻ͵ĵ£ҲֹȥΪһС
ͲһˣɱΣǸѡ
˵ţǴѱȥʥ£Ķǡ
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ţΪ˸˵ĲˣԼɽǸö
ǣˣүѹˣؽ̼˾ųɡ
̰̰ͦˡ
౦ȥ磬˵үųˣɽޡ
Ȼȴʱ̵ҸĿ
˿̣ˣүˡ
ͨҲлź޵һꡣ
Լôͱ˶ֺ׼ĴȻ²ˣͱѹˡ
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Һòǰ֮ǰΪģڲΪԼ
˵ģ޿־ĵǹƥɱ϶
ţţޡ
󣬿ˣһжˡͨһ̧֣˺޵
ֵǵ룬ҲգҲ˶꣬ȥɣٽƽ˾ȥɽɣȴٻУȥɡ
үСˣʱ
ţû˵꣬ͱͨˣҪʲôͨ
ţ̫ˣȥһɡ
ûţģͨˡ

䡪
̹ڣͨؿɽؽ̣н࡭ؼ֮
¡
ͨͨ죬ص͵ġۿǲ⿴޷Ǿһ
ͨƽ˫Ҳ۲
ΪԼ˵֧䣬Ȼŵĺ뷨

ͨǣ
ড

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ȫۿ۽ڱ壬һ˻
ƣ֮һ쳤
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˵꣬ԪƮһâѹһĽģɳֱ
ͨӰƺ˿⽣ͨ죬ͨǴ˽
뽣ϣĺϣ뽣ĺϣߺһȻһ塣
һͨƣﵽ˶㡣
һɽ磬Ϊ͵ģĽ
иֵĿ⣬ͨѸɽʱ˾ڹעˡ
ǣһȣͨʥ˿ֲ˹ǿǿ
µۿҪϣСͨ죬ǿĺǿ
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ˡ
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ܸɴ࣬ͨԸ֮Ϳ־塣
ͨ죬Сˣʵ뱾һս㡣ߣ
ԥۿѾ̲סˣƺҲ磬սսصġ
ϺʥìܣۿоԼڲͨһս˭ҲֹԼ
һУ
ͨɫû䣬ۿ˵µʱֱһо͹ȥˡ
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ΪθҴ֣
Ϊһνĺĸˣʥнֶ޷£ʥ˿ںķſˡ
ûһ˿ĹǣοҲǴ½һƬĴ󺣡
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ͼ黯һأϷ֣˫޴ƣӭͨصĽâ
䡪
죬ɢһ˿ġ
ķ֮ͱ໥Կĥ˰˳ɡ
ҪǵĹһأ󺣻ᱻָ
һвȫԸ̽
̽˶˶ԷʵۿܾȣȻԼ١
Լûѹʤˣ˭Ӯ˭ƽ֡
ۿоˣⱨƺңԶˡ
ҺͨԼĳ𲻴Լ޵ԪʼϣԪʼûͨ
ͨȴһϲɹˣ㶫ûˡ
ȵۿǿ㣬ѹԼȴȻѹԼͲ¡
οԼ֮ǰԼˣΪλô³çǰơ
ǲ֪ͨѹ
ۿԼ֮ѹû˵ѹԼô
˵
ʥ˴սܸȤ˭ˣҲֲ£ʥ֮¹ۿǻԵϾʶʥֶΡ
ʥ˵ȴģΪȥҲ
ĸܣüͨ죬ˣ˽ͨģͨ죡
ע˵صĶˣˣԼԪʼӡ
ԪʼӼܵıַˣ׼֣ûҪˡ
ȴ̾ͨǿۿҲǿԼĶǿܰ
ʥУͷӲöԸ
ѵҲҪͨûʲôıƣʵ⣬Ȼɽ硣
ҷ֮
ǴȱģˣֻҪͷ岻Ʋ֣ҷȱٿ
սȻټҪˣսȥû壬˭κ˭
ʥòҪ׳֣־ҪһвС
ǣô˴һ̨أܼģ
Һã
ûܶą̃ס¡¡ˣ


901 ؿ
յľᦣ֮
ǵۿͨ죬˱֮ǵʱȻһľ
̨ˣס̨֣׿ɾҪԼкˡ
ͨдǶǰ̹ᦡ
û˺󣬵ûд˭ҲûԼʹãںɽ編򣬳ɽĴڡ
Ȼڵ̹ᦣǿĿ£Ҫͨ£
סˣ̹ᦶˣʲô
ߣۿһͬʱ˿
̹ᦳֺûв׵ĹԼԼסֺ̹ᦵвҲֹסˡ
ͨһй
ңԶɽԪʼԼ̹ᦣ˵о
Լȴ̫ûˡ
˿̿ף⿪ԼԼյʱ򣬾û
⣬Ǻʹǰ̹ϣ˵̹ûڹԼֻԼʱƿںĽ
ڽʱꡣ
Ԫʼ˿̹̿ᦣǻأֱʥ˲ҳֵ̹ᦣһꡣ
ˣˣˣ
Ԫʼҡҡͷ
ļãȫһѹϯһδƽһ
̹ڣԪʼ𣬽ؿɽ˳֮
¡
Ԫʼһˣͨרǰʱͬľ
ؿɽɽţѸԪʼ
ˡ
Ȼ

͵ۿ̧ͷŶԪʼͷˡ
Ƕ
ôģòҲԼĵ̡
ɽҲԼѹʣࡣ
ҲֻɽǸԪʼӶѡ
⵹ãͨչʾԭʼˣܡ
ΪɽΧռġ
ⶫΧռݵĶ࣬ɽΧԼĶడ
ҪҪȥ̹Ÿأ
ֻǳ棬ѹԼʥ˵ģǹǾܰ
ϾǺɽ編ںϵ̹ᦣǵĲ֡
ܵͷʹô죿
Ȼûһᣬͷˡ
䡪
ֻɽΧڣأһʥϯصˣȫһʥˣ䷽Ƕ
Ԫʼ㵨ң
ŭˣ˿Լӡ
ֱɽڵ壬ͨ춼ᡣ

鸡֣ۣ֮صƣɽȥ
ۿҡҡͷ룺ԪʼҲаյģҪֱʥǿ֣
ʱɽʥʮ̫ӡԪʼͨʥˡ
λӷ׼ĸ
⣬Ԫ̽ŮʥĸԼ̫ľʥˡ
⣬롢ۿǺʥ
ǰİ˸ʮʥˡ
Ҫ˵˭ǿ
ʼʱ򣬻˵ԪӡŮ洡ˡ
ǿӦˣһʱǿһ̹ŵ
´˿̣˭ǿҲ
Ԫʼֱ塣
ǹȻľٶԵۿе̾ԪʼһҲˣͨࡣ
ͨ죬㾹Ȼȥæ
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ĵ岻Ǻһôһӣ˵Σգ⵱ܵӦȥæŶԵģ
ۿ̽˵ˣǰɼһ̣ΪԼԺһףؾͲôʡͨҡҡͷ
Ҳûۿʩչʼɨһ
ۿԼɣӡͨ˵꣬ŽΧݵ㡣
ߣۿһߣսȥ
ûҪˡ
̹ᦸ뿪ԼҪǺͨսûô
˵ģϲС
ಡ
ֻۿһ֣Χݵ㣬ȫ岻ںССĵɽ̫˵ģﲻһɳ
Ȼͨʵ֤ԼԼ־ǣͨʵȡġ
˺󣬵ۿɻ󣬿˿ͨ죿
Ϊ㿴ͨʡ
ͨˣ仯ܴ󣡡ۿĬһŵ
㻹ǲʲôΪԼĵԻһ£սܺ󣬱뿪ͥȻʱ׼ʥʥ˴󡣵ǣͨ˿ʥ˵ľȥд֮ǰٽˣ޾һ̡
˵ۿĬˣͨۿ߰ɣ˿̲ɣŸ
ߣƵʻϲȥءۿһͨ죬ˡ
ͨ첻ˣǶˡ

һߣ
Ԫʼôĵӡ
ŭղżʶ˵ۿͨĴս˵˽⡣
룺ԪʼҲͨǰ㣬йĽԭʼչǸǿʥڵĲΣԼʥԲ
ԼҲǰӵĵۿѹԪʼмܲסĶˣǿԵġ
⡣
Ҫ̹ᦣҪսپҪǲٽһޣ̹ᦾͻ֡
ֻҪ̹֮ᦲ棬ǳˣ̹ᦾͻ
ҪʹĴսʥ˲ǲеģȥС
ںʹĴսʥ֮Ȩ
ΪȫԸԱҲԸȹ̵ɽ𲻵ƻá
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𣡡
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ʱɽɽ֮档
ɽѾܳƺɽ֮ˡΪĲβɽ֮ԸǵģԽ̫࣬к缹С
ԣͺɽ֮ɽ
Ԫʼĵͺɨ壬ǵ
Լû뵽ͺ󣬵֮ǰػûʧ˵˸ǿˣǿס
ܣҲ˴ǰػΪ̹Ԫ֣ûػ
δǵʱʹڣһֱڡ
Ҳĵ֮ǰûܱƵɽ󷨾һֱû֪
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˵ֵǣǿ֪ܲͬΪ̹źᣬ޴󣡡
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еָ㣬Բʮɷ󣬶壬ûǰ޴ȴ룬ͣԲˡ
˵꣬ԪʼԸ󷨵
û˿û˿ڡ
Ԫʼ͵ɽ߲ǰ˵ĵ
ֻɽ۵󷨣ȥ嫡ءҺʮɷԪ󷨣Сӣ
һһ֪廹ֶΡ
Ȼڵ̹źᣬǱȲˡ
ⶼʲôʱˣ̣̹ŵ
ǣ
Ȼתһ룬Ҳ˵ͨ类ԪӴѹԪӺŮϴѹ
ûü޵ֶδûֹ
ʥ˵һѹֶΡ
أɽȻһ壬һصĸ֣ȥƽ͡
ֻܸܵҪԼ֣ԪʼǣԼѶԪʼ˺
ڻ󷨣Լһġ
ôҪô죿
Ǹϼ޻ģ̫ǰ¶޺ӡ
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һ仰˵Ԫʼͷʹ
϶⻹Լһκġ
ԼѹųģҲԼѹʱųġ
Ȼǿһϼ޻˵ۿǿҪն
Ȼ˵Լ̹ڣ룿
ʹǰҪ
ԼֵвԵʷźܶ棬˵̹ڵġ
˵ʱ֧䣬ǣߡ
һ̣Ѿˡ
ʰ̹ѣܷһ̹ŵˡ
עźһδݱ䣬ֿ̹ʼۣҲ֮ǰ޴˿ֳɴ
϶ôһ˵岻Ź֣ǳ˸޼ʥ˺ġ
˼һֻأȫ磬̹ź硣
Ȼ϶һ䣺̹дȶģˣ

й̹ǷףǱ̹Ŵķ׶ǿ֣׶Ȼ̹ڣ٣ڣԪʼٵ뵽Щ
ò˵ɽ磬ΪѹǻҲѹ
ǸѹĵطΪǻ۶ҪУᱻ
ߣ˭֪ءһ
û뵽Ԫʼ˵ĻȻϣĥûаǽܶࡣ
ңܺԪʼˣٽȥԪʼԼղŵ˳˵ûˡ
߰ɡһЩ죬ҪǱԪʼƽˣԼղŵƾͰ׷ˡ
ߣ̹ӣˣ
Ԫʼ֯Ľֱͣûطͣ뿪ˡ
϶Ԫʼоֱˡ
ϼ޻Լûƽղŵأ˼Ҳźˡ
䡪
޿κεԪʼһ֣ȥɽ޴
ɽƽ˺ܶࡣ
ɽǼٵģǱٵġ
ɽɽԼĵ
þûˣе˵ĸл



902 Ů洵ٻ
Ϊɽ
ˣҲǶ
İۣⶫǾͰ
ȾǱ֮أδʱǸִĵط
û뵽˴˿̣ûʱҲǿӵĵط
壬һ㣬һ㡣
ںˣ㿴
塢塢塢壬˵ŵļӵ˳ɶǶ
ǣ
ˣأҲǵڴˡ
ֻֻܴ²ضأҲ£ǿصġ
ðɣټ壬湻ҵġ
˿壬ʱôϵķ֮Ķеѹȫȥ˱
ðһЩĹʱԴ綫ôĵֲ̣ˡ
ң⣬еŵĴһûУֻһЩĸӹСȺˡ
ߵıǶǱ⣬ŵġ
źܳǲռݵ̡ΪĶǵĵ̺͵
ԣؿ󣬺ܶ˶Ľ塣
壬оһ
ԼĽԼɣ
еΣˡ
ʥʲôԪʥˣʲôʥˣ
̫ˣǽʥ
ʥ˵˺Ǵ̲
Ȼ֮ˣʥ˽Դ
ڿΪʥûվסţվסˣ򱱷ǲɱġ
ΣˣͰһ
д̣ǿսʥˣûС
ΪˣһѹֺͳĬ
ǰƽ壬Լսһսģ⣬ͿʼС磬˺ĵ˺ܶࡣ
ںĻСıԴջʥ绹ûǣ
˵ܳʱڣǧСͶӰԼ֮ǰһսսƷľһʱ䡣
ڲǲɱġ
鷳ˣ
Ҫ̵ʥˣ½̳˼޽ֶΣ崫̣Ǹô죿̾Ϣ
ũҲˣоһ̣̼ռ壬ʵżĵ
ȰƲ١Ҳһֹƻǿĵһ⣬ĵɲˣܳħ
ҪôҪôаΣգǼķš
̽Կա徻ⲻʲôڣ֮ԵĿܡ
˵гһգҶɷ𣬿ɷм
¸һеĿܣֻмгɾͳɷ𡣡
ֵңɾͺҲ̵ĳɾͣǶû˿ĺôǷǷ̵ķ𣬶ɵĿʿȴĿʿ
ũ˵߲꣬һͷ
Ǹ֣䲻覵Ŀ͸ǿеġ
Ƿ̶֣û˿ĺô˵ĺС
Ӧʵдַ򣬶ֿЦĴȱ
ĺʱߣвͨġ
ܳΪһ̻ԼǣĸԸ沨
Ժɽ˵ǲеġ
ǶˣǾûˡ
˵ĶԣԼĹ򣬴˵ũģġԼĵҪѧ˵ķǿľ񣬶ʲôȥһƤҵԯ

˵ţ˵öԡǣǷûԼǰͺǷ̴ֻصȡò˵λʥ˷ǻۣ֮Եţȴۺŵ˷вɱ覴ãҲ˵˷Ĳ㣬˵ģ㹻ˣܶɷǿֲĽɣŷϴԡĪҪȥоȥоĶ࣬ҶȻԼо
һ̾
ǺǣȻǡЦ
˵꣬ĸ߲һЦ
ǰȻԼȸ߲㡣
նȥһʬ׼ʥˣôȻ
Ѿնȥһʬʱˣұĵɢ
ҪȻļᶨĲܣļᶨǿǷĿǰ
ǼᶨôȻ
˵ĶԣغĵĥҪӵĿزСοһδ䣬ûתһǰףĸҪ˵ĥʹУҪӲС⡭
ֵʱڣ̺ɽ㣬ҲǸ鷳վ˲ſɷչǻʱ׼ΪΪ㣿
˿ũܣ֮ʣҪӸ򣬶ӵģ֮ļ᲻ɴݣ֮ٲ𡣡
ũصĵ˵ͷİɣʱе飬ȥо𷨣ҵ취Ҳ֮ĵ졣
ƣ˵ȵ˵ͷ
һȲ˵˵˵˸Ҫ˵ʥɽҪô
Ů派Ȼһָһȡ
ãʥĸʥˣ
øӵļ䣬˺ٽӴܾ⸴ӵĸɡ
ȵȵ˵ɣŮʥĸٻȥ活һˣ˵ʥĸײٻҵȣҪ¡˺ء
߲Ҳһ˵ͷ
˺ܿʧӪС



903 ûҪ
ôظģ
صӪĵۿͨ˵ĸ԰ס
ʲôɣʲôԼսܺ󱻱Զ޾һȵȡ
Ҳû˺Ͱ顣
£ʥ˵Ļظ˵ʱһȡ
ŶʲôԭΪҪһȣۿһ
ɫһ죬ˡ
ԼͨĻ̫ͶˣЩ˼ά
ȿȣ׼ͽ޳ܣۿʣ
£ǵġ
˵֣չؿ֮˶̴չأ
˵ͷڹꡣ
صȫⱻͷѹȵС̣ûҲѸģҲؿš
׼õоʧ
׼Ҫѵ˵ģ½ѵˣҲҪһս˵
ǣ׼ͽǲͷ
ǺгҲֱӴȥԱһ壬Ե̫ᡣ
һһαߣӲıԻûиģۿЦ
Ҫ˺һֵǿһ㣬ǾгҲ
λǲͷСС̲ĵҲᣬô죿
ԣ巢ʱûӦΪҲӦɡ
˼ͷڹ꣬ô죿
ţҲһ˴ȥ
Ǵ򲻹Ƿ˺ǿ˭жԣ˭ܡ
ҪǷ̹Ȼָ֮ǰĵ̣һǺһҲ
˲ָҪǴȥˡ
ԣʱҪϡ
뵽ˣۿҲ޷ʵ˵Ϊ˵˲ʢ׳ʱΪ
⣿һ˼
ޱѣҲף½̳ǰ;ʱǱֵ̫ǿң˵ĹȻӣǿʢҲҺ˵жԡԣչʾԼǲϵĻᡣ
ţۿһ̾
ޱֵοԭʥʥǣʱҲ̴Ĳᣬдѹ̵ĻᣬʥҲվһߵġ˷̵˲ҳͷ
˵꣬ڴˡ
Ƕ̫һȴм˵ΪҲ̫˿ˡʥ˾ȻϣԹǸʥ˶֮ǰʾͲǣڻʥˣʻǲ
̫һѱս񣬿ֶֹΣӦòѣеһʥˡ
ǺǣˣʥʥǲһġЦ
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ţ˵Ĳ˲򵥣˵ʥ˾ûм򵥵ģǵȷҪעһ£˴ʲô⡣ޱ
˿̵壬ָ˴ǰʵھν͹Сȡôһܴ
˵ۿʥ˺ڡ
̫һʬһľ磬Ѿֻûкһûһԭ֮ǰʬĲͬԴ鱦㣬ʬһˡ
Ͼ֮ǰ˺ܶĹ£Щ¾ܽܿ졣
ޱһնʬĴڣֻûжʬһ
˺ͣһնȥʬҲûжһ
ʣµɡӤˣ׼ʥڰ̫Ĵ裬׼ʥڣնʬˡ
˵ܴĴʵһС
ˣ˿̳˵ۿͶȻɽֹ⣬ʣޱ˺͵ȣĳƺҲǵơ
ʵҪʲôʵĵλչʾ̡

ҲգȻλ֪ʲôʱҪϣҲǿ󡣡ۿ˵
ʣأ
һüҲ֣ԼļƻǺܺõģΪƫƫʧˡ
£˵Ҳʱϣ˵ε
⣿ҲûӦۿһ㶡
廹вӦɣôҲӦ
Ҳġꡱ
ʲôԭ򣿡ۿʡ
û˵ʲôԭ򣬱Ѷ˵ѵģϵϣԯصĻ˵ڱչأʱԳأȷ˳غֵһ˵

ۿȻһЦеԳĸо˹ˣ꣬ȻûҪ
ֵҲǿɶƭҲûҪƭʲô˱չأ׼ʥԲչسɾʥɶҸôܵġ
ȷεɡ
׼ʥԲͽ޿ɽˣȻ˵Ǳչأ
ȻǲܱչأôҪ꣬ȻñչӦԡ
û˵˲ܱչأǷʲô鰡׼ʥԲչأ벻˷˳ʥıչ⣿ʲôչرҪ
ڷ˳ʥıչأ㵱ɵǲǣ
ʥûģûټ˵˼ôʥ
ˣȻ꣬ǾƣҵǺڣܣߣۿ
˵꣬һƣʲô£
һͷȣ˼ѹ⡣
ˣ˵ЩˣˣǺͱһ룬ͨԱ˵˺ܶĪĻҲʲô˼
ۿͨĪĻ˵ˡ
˺һĬƺҲʲô˼
ޱƺֹģۿˣ˵ޱѣлֱ˵ǣûˡ
ţޱ˵ͷƶе뷨Ǹͨʥ˵ģսʱԶ޾ĸ򡭡
ʱƶλһλȥ˺ڰ޾ƶȴȥǿ򣬵ʱƶҪʦԸҲеٽƶ֮ǰΪƴսֻܺعҵĸоƶң˵ƶԴǿգƶȥĵطһĵңȥΪֻܶΪԼĴڶܶͨʥ˵ģǰһֱǱ֧䣬һֱΪߣǲԼ
ޱ˵һ֮ǰľ
˳ԣѪҪ޾ڰʱ
ͨ˵ģ״ǰ֧䣬ңΪԼ
ˣ˳ԣҲûٵǣڳѵĸо
ͨʥ˵γ˵Ϊ˴˿̵ı仯ΪǵҲˡǺһڲٱ֧ȥɺĵݻعԼˡ
˶ǻ޾µĴǵǿޱˡ
⣿һ̾˵ͨ˵ǰΪɼǾעһΪԼҲ˵ע
ţӦۿ˵ͷֵ˼ǣԺˣǷٺˡ壬û壬ٱ֧塣
ۿĸ࣬Ϊ̫˵׺ջ
ǰĽǷף˳ԣȫ嶼Ƿףǣ˿̵Լʥջ
ԼҲǣǰҲǡ
ΪûԼ㹱׺ջ⡣
Լȷ׵ĺջ
Ե̹̫࣬ջ׵ġ
ˣΪͨԼ˵֮һˡ
ͬΪ仯ô󣬵ۿˣ壬Ǵǰ̫󣬴Ӷɼ֧塣
ȻҲ˵塣̹ǣ󣬲ǡ
뵽ˣǰĽ˺ãĽǸԴȣǴˡ
ȷʼ͸Դ񣬵ҲΪԼĸԴ˺ܶࡣ
ǵۿ˿Ψһĸ̾
ƽ⣬ۿͬһθоôǿҡ
ǰźͻɣڷ֣Լ۹ⲻ
Ҳˣ˵¡ʣλѣλʥ˸ѶԸˣҪˡ
˵ͷ
ȷι壺
ӸΪĸĪ⣻
˵Ԫʼܻ᲻ټ˺Ťѧƽ͡
ͨʥˣҲԼ˺۲һЩҲƽ⡣
˲¡¡ǿ󶼲£µǵȹ̣ҵƽ⡣
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904 
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˹İݼŮ洣Ʈˡ
㡣Ů̾˿
ңһһۡ
Ůһ̾˵˴ٻǰΪ˺
Ҫ˵̫࣬һ÷˲ƽ
һ˼ѵؼкˣ
ǴϢ̫Ҫˣȱٵľ
ֻ֪е˷˲ף忴ƺǿûʥ˵Եʣչʥܶࡣ
˵ڲǶֺͷ
СһܲģҪõģʼʥˡ
ʥ˲żһܸż
ΪûʥˣҪĹС籾Դʱûв
СıԴǻȡĵط
ΪʥˣܲС籾ԴĹǻõĹ
ʥ֮µĶˣ׼ʥ֣նȥڶʬҲУǹ͵ĺô
Ͼ⹦Ͳǹ£ؼӰˡ
壬ǿ֮ûˣЩ˶ǿĸ֣Ҳᱻһ׼ʥ
Σյġ
ʱڱ仯仯ĺܴ󣬷˶ټᶨţ֮ˡ
ȻǷ˲ţǴôһб仯ĺģ治ұ֤㲻䣬ˡ
ˣʥ˶̫Ҫˡ
ҪŮ洿żķƽ˵
û߰飬Ů洶忴Լ£ԼĵӺʹһ
ԣʲôѵѡ´ǰеѣڷת˻ʺŮ洵ȫˡ
Ҳʱǣ壬ҲΪǿͽˣ˵ֻҪʥĸҪṩˡ
˿̣ŮҲ֪
ˣԼͣ˽Լ֮ʵ֣˵ʦ̫Լ̺õ·
ˣôǿ֮ǧ磬޾СˣԼɵġ
ԼǸִߡ
Լ۰
Ů洵ĻҪʥˡǿʢһˣڶҵǰţŵĹϵڣ⻹ıӻ
Ů洣ûҪ˵ٻһһʮ˵
ŮҲףǿľΪˣԼźԼıӻ
ˣŮҲû
ǰʦ𿪱磬Ϊ٣ҲΪҺԪʦֶʬһָ㣬ҺûʦԪʦֶԶʬһϴǰʦնʬ鱦Ĳ֣ʬһѳɣ
նʬʵǻԪɸȡֶΣնȥһʬԪɶɷ򣬶ʬɷʬųɷʬһʮԲԪԲ֤һ㣻
ȻҲв֮ͬ޷ĴڣȡɺԼĲܸӣͲ˵ˡ
ǰǸ㣬Ҵ˿̿Գ֮еԪȻкһʬɾʹʥ˽Ԫ޽ɵɱ䣻
ˣѾûáʦʴȣ˵ҿз䣬ҴѺ㡣

ˡһԴը˵ĸо
ȻǺԼҲҪкˣ
ңҡֹ
ض˵ѾʦǴ㡣֪߲вʦӦ㣬ҲҴˣԲҪǣҲĪҪѣϸġŮӹɵ
ֵ⣬ĪҪǣʥе߲㲻ɢʥ˵߱֡
ǣ˻˵ʲôֻܴӦ
ƣȻ㣬ʹˡŮһֻ֣ƮʥƮϢ
ҿŮ洿ٵ活죬Ҫɽ磬ضʥ̽鵽
ಡǺŮ洴˷˵ԪС
͵һоһˣһвһˡ
סĪҪκˣԷ⣬ʥһжܽˡߺһ活죬ʬһ֮ȥ翪ٵأδܾʱڣҲκεİȫԼˡȥɡ
Ů洣ȥ仯ܴûһߵϢͺ嫵ķ
活ƿںϵĵط˿̵ŮҲ׼ʥԲĲΡ
ǣ
˷ԼԪƺҪͺںϡ
ѹסˣڲʱԼ󣬲ܱչأһͻơ
֮󡭡
活رˣż飬һ·ۣٵĻصӪС
صķˣһأŮ洵ķԸûжκ˵Լ˴αٻܡ
ǷԸ˵ԼҪչأֻҪ𣬶ܴԼ
ԯũԼʥԣǼ˺أȻշ˵
ɺϵĺܣ֮ǰƭ˵˱չˣû뵽չˡ
ۿԹĲʶʱء
Ц˱չʥ



905 һ죬ˣ
ɽĳĬ
ûн׼ؿ̣ع顣
еɽŵĸо
룬ɾСֵܡ
ȻҲ룬ڲ²óʥڸ
ɽ
ʦܵ˼ǴΧʼʵ
ǵʦ֣ҲɽܸӣǵԤƣΪѾܵˣĽɱﵡ
׼˵һֵ̾ο塢סûһ򵥵ģ˵֮Ѹվȣǡǿ󣬶Ƕûй˼ɵԵʡ׿ʥ˲˵ˡءȥ¡
ʲô׼û˵Ҳ׿ʲô
̵£ᱻŰɹ
ǿǿվȵģǸվȣûվȣû
˵Χѣɽ̫Сˡ
Ҳ岻ǣվȵĻᡣ
ҪڿֵġᣬǸˡʵҪǰ㣿עֵġ
ۿȣǲ׷
վ޹ؽҪվȲҪġ
վˣǸǵǿߣûϵ
Ҫ½վˣˣҪġ
ӷ𣡡˵ͷֵʦܵ˼ǣʱʾȥɽĴ򿪷棬ӷ翪ʼ
ɡڤֻѡ
׼뷨ǣⲿ翪ʼΪڲɽ̫鷳ˣǴӷ翪ʼ壬ȷվˣȻЯ˿ɽ硣
ӷǴ⡣׼
ǣһ٣ʵʦûУƷûᣬΪǴĬϵ̣Ǵ壬Ӧ
ʦ֣޷ģչûʥ˵ģռݱѾ֮ӲƴǰˡȻҲмϷԭ򣬴ⷲϾм̵ıݣ֮ʹ£ƿصԭ򡣡
ֵǣ˵ȴǻᣬҷзӡ޺ȴҲԲлյҪֲοҪǧСʮЩԴӷѰң޾ҷĶȻ£ɽ磬ⶼǺӣϾʦӦøоˣתĽҪˣҷ̽ĶֻҪļߣкܴİҷָ£ɽġʱЩҷɽĺӡ
׼٩٩̸취С
׼ֵʦֵǵ壬ǺǣǷҷַ̲磬Ǹǵ鷳أǾ仰ֿʥ˵ֶˣǲȥϳ鷳ǺΣѵҹţ
ȷṥţΪǿˣϣռݵϡ
۲ģҪǸϳס
ӷգգĿУûжĴ©
ȻˣͰ׼˵İɡ
οڤеززӲӽȥģҲǱڤ編ϵġ
ȫԴڤת鿪ʼ֣Ԫ·̵ӡǣתѺ󣬶Ƿ̵ӡ
ȻǰеĲ֣ҪĲ֡
Ĳ֣˺ɷ֮ݣͶӰ䣬Ȼ󲼵
ʥͶӰĽԷ˵㲻Ͳġ
ޱߵģȻһЩǣȻĶˣͳ
·ֹҲǰеġ
ǲֹʥ˵Ĵ̡
˵Է˵ʥ˴ĻԵ谭˵·
谭ᱻɢ޺ûде˺ġ
ң˻ռд壬Ͼ½紫Ƿ֮ɵӦоٶ
ӻ
ʥ˳ʥģɽһ
ʱ˭谭˭졣
ԣ׼ᡢ塢Ȳ
Ϊµķ𣬲Ѿĵס֮塢ˡء֮
ܵ˵׼ĸԼ˿رӻǰ£չֶΡ
֪ˣֻȴ谭谭ҲΥشơ
ο谭ѵ˽ģ
ѵֻ˵ڷķ̴
Ǿ仰ռýǶȲһ˸˲⣬ҲԵʡ

ڤزС
زһʱڤʱվ˽š
ûָֻص׬ȡµĺô
ڤ紫Ȼڤ顢δֻбܵ顣
ȻǺȥֻתΪڤ飬ɡ磬顣
ϾЩǣǧԼɡ֮飬ɢ󣬱ڤ֮ɵġ
ȥһǵǺǰʮڤһӴڤ硣
ǣڤֲԴȥֻء
ÿǵ飬һҪǣڤ編ͱԴԼ
ԲѺʧȥֻء
ҲһЩֲԴûȥֻء
ʮڤǴ
ǣڤʥڤ編עڤԲ׼ʥҲڤ編涨
Щģһֻڤ磬һҲ׼ʥڵΪûǰ;
ڤ·һȥֻأڤ硣
ڤ飬¶ֻбܵ࣬ռڤųɾš
زؾǶȻЩ飬Ȼ׬ȡ¡
Ҳνڤ鲻գĲɷԴ
ǣӵλʥ˵ָ󣬵زʼˡ
Ȼǵ飬˷ӡȻת䡣
󣬻ӡӡΪˡ
ˣӵָزæϵĴȻ飬Ȼ󲼾ַ硣
ɽ磬׼ͽʼġ
زǰеĲ֣ǴġһһԷ⡣
죡
ֻɽһ˸
ɰһֱעĲᣬΪҪɽţɽΧ
˳֮ǰռĵأ
ʧˡ
һ˷壬һЩһ̹ŵѹȥ
ԭǺԼһ

ӷҷȱտɷݣ뷲飬ǻۡġȱ߿ǡޱߡ𷨺嫡𷨴ȱΪ𷨶򡭡

¡
ֻʥ˺ɵƿɷıݡ
ʱ䣡
ɽֻ𾪣ȴǷˡ
飬ºƽȻռʮ֮Ŵݡ
źںϵСˣʮ޵仯˺ܶ࣬ټ֮ǰĺĽĵˡ
ǿգµĳռ˷ľųɡ
ǿպޱߣÿÿ½ϣ޾ڡ
ǱַķһѰɡ
Сͨ飬һУŷȥ־
ʶ飬Ҳһ飬Ϊܵļ޺󣬷ȥǿմ½
ͬˡ
½ϵ飬УУﵽ½ܵļ޺̤һһȥѰ֮·
ǴӴ½˿ٵǿչ·һȥʮݡ
˵̤Ϸ½ȻȻԭôǿĵطֻǷ硣
֮ϸɽ硣
νɽ磬ǷôΪġ
Ϊɽ֮ϣϡ
ǲ֪лڣ֪кɽ֮⣬ʥ˿ٵ磬ħ
Ϊɽϡ
Ȼһǿ飬ûôҰģΪԼлɽ磬ȥ̽Ѱǲɽϡ
Ѿĺ嫺ǿŵòᣬʼ֮һǱĵ޵мĻᡣ
УҲѱ˵ǿմ½ǿĴڡ
էķ磬ǿմ½Ϊɣ˿пޣеĵĻе˴ɱ
ֻиҴͷļᶨģһߵ塣
֮⣬ʮݵ飬ҲǿնȻӡ
ǿնǱ𣬱Ͼ
ǿֻܱţԳƷߡ
ڻģſʼ̽
ĻסɽҪ׷лһһ֮·
Һãŷĳĳǰɽٷɹ
˰ЩǰɽߵĿ꣬ҲϣԼһ졣
֮ĵݻԼɵСֲǿˣ֡
ҲҾ磬з鱻˺󣬷ԭǿôĵط
Ȼôȥռū۰ɡ
ѷŵò𣬶׼õ̾Ϣһ䣺Ҽˣ
ûһȥǿģзȥǿģᱻһ
⽣Ժδ֪
֪֮ǡ
Ϊռǿգ޾뿸ȥ
һ⣬жǿһȫ
ڣһķˣȥˡ
Ƕȹ׽ҪǰŷȥԼ´һƬɽ
ҲһɵҪ飬Ҳһ⣬Ȼ󡭡ûȻˡ
ڣ˵ʶ֮Ӻǣӵĵطʲôȥģû˼
֮ˣҲŪȥˡ
һϲֺð˴ܵǿȥ
д󵨵ģϴһǿղ

ðɣһĽ
ʱһޣǸ󵨵ˣǻҲزȥˣֿܵ⽣⡣
ǽ⡭㲻ˣزȥˡ
㣬̽·֣簴Լķ׳ɳš
죬ˣ



906 硢
ȻıǴ÷⡣
׼ᣬ򿪷ݣʱ򣬴ǰһֱ˵ʥһȻ˵ӡ
ǿɳܣ۸ûʥˣֲȥԴӷ֣ơ
ʥ뵽ַ磬Ҳ뵽ļƻκʩչˡ
ǴǰͲģǷ½̳㴫˿̵ķ̴رӻġ
鷳ȴǴ뷨Ǹ
ڸ߲һŭȴû취ֻܿš
ڷ磡
ӷɽʥ˽׼ᣩ̣硭
ʱˣ֮һľϲ
ʼʥ˵Ŀн䣬ʥ˽һ컨׹ӿ
Ƿʮݣǿ飬˵Ĵ
ǣΪߵĶ࣬Ϊ͵ģ١
ܶĸ߲㣬ʥ˽Լ谭ġ
Щ飬ʱǷԣ»⵽˵ĵӣǴҲҷŭ
ţ𷨴Ϊ롣Ϊܶȡ߼š徻𷨡˲𷨡²ǡǲࡣǡƩţƤδ᲻ۡǡƩţƤÿ
Ʈ䣬ŶȻЧܶмߣ
мѵĿʼ˫ֺʮʼһ£Ŵ翪ʼ仯
ʲôģʲôòȱССŭĿС
˸ŷһҹ֮ޱߣɮ纣
ǿգɽķӣǽ׼ᣬһˡ
ϵޱȵ𺳣ǷԼ磬ϣ󣬲
һľĶ٣ȴǿ˵
֮󣬽׼ʧˡ
ѿĿӱպˣ˳Ρ
ǰŵһӷ𣬷ȱ󡭡ֻܶľ˷ߣʧ˽׼ͶӰһݡ
˺и򣬺ͽɮ˰λ潵֮ص˷𷨵ĴӪ
ʼкܶɮڴ˴ڴ
˵طյһɽҲͽǳƺΪɽΪɽǷ̵ķʥء
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׼˿ˣɹˣ˲ܸܵ˵˵ɽӵۡ
ڤĵزҲѾ˻㱨˵ڷѾֻء
γ׵˿ǹƣܲ壬Ҳʼ·̵ֹּķչ˰ɡ
ԤƵһƿݴ·𷨵ʱ򣬸ʼͶӰ磬Ըĸֹ׳
ܶෲһνӵϽּ⣬ǿʼϽķԸ̵ֹĴ
ã²ſɡ
ÿһɵ׳󣬴һ˳ģķ̣ʼӭǵĿ顣
ʥ˵ĴΪҷĿ飬˿óϴԵ
ҵʱʹʼøԵķ̡
УһνӵϽĴ˵Ǵ۴£ǿʼ̵ָֹ׳
κΣ鲻򵥵ġ
֮ʥ˵赲赲ġ
Ҫ赲ɽҲʥһͶӰ磬±ȷʺѧϰĵֻܽ˷˭Ը⡣
ܲôóԼѴ°ɣǲеģ˱ϾԼ˽ġ
һѹǴѹˣЧǺܺá
⻹Žã˵ݣǳһƬ
鿪ʼ𷨣һʱ˵ġ֮ݡ𷨿ʼ׳
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ʢŭ壬䴫˷ּȻ赲ڷ׳
ֵ˱չأһʱ಻ԡ
ʱ
ֻһǷδ֪飬׼ʥڵĶԡ
ֻ׼ʥԲҲԪĲʲô
ʲôŮ派ȻԼԪ񣿡ļŭ죬һʱŵòᡣ
ղŵ𶯣ȻŮ洰ԼԪջȥˣֱ̫߸
ջ˻ʥˣŮڸ
⣬⣬ôܣЩĲȣŮ洰ԼرԴԪջˡ
ôۿ𾪡
ڱԴ֮أʥ˼Ԫ֮أʥ໥Ӧ
ǣŮ派ôջԼԪ񣬰ɵˡ
ʥĸʥĸԼԪ񣿡ԯһ
䲻ʥˣҲԪģȻҲܵŮʥĸԼԪ
뵽˱ʥĸٻͱչزϴ˿ʥĸΪԯŵĿһũ
ũҡҡͷʾԼҲס
䡢䡢䡪
ֻɡڤ翪ʼ䣡
ǣ
һֻɽ̹ᦳ֣ɢŻصϢ活ȥ
û꣬һ졣
ֻһ֮ת̫ͼʱѹ繵ͨڤΣҲ活ȥ
ڤ磬һɽʼصħڤõһΪ㡣
ָ̫԰ꡣ
ɽһζ󣬱һͻʹӣƿڤݣɽȥ
ˣ
·ɽ磬һƺԼĹ
ֿʼ𺳡
̹ᦡ̫ͼԼܾòĻӶˡ
ΪһĿĶ活ȥ

Ȼ活յʱմˡ
Ů洣ʥĸʥʬһңԪʬһϣдҪп֤ںϺģʦ𡢵ȫ
쾪
ʥ˻ˣԼʲô
ŮʬһˣҶʬд֮鴤Ԫͺʥ˵ļȻ󿪱ٵںϺС
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ˣŮ洵ʦ벻ģ
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Լ֤ɾͻԪ޽ΪλҪںϺģԼԼҼ
ԣ룬Լ֪ء
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οŮҲ˵ˣ˵عңӴ޾ʹǰǰ桢üһˡ
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ûֵ̫ʵһֱڹעԪӺŮ뵽İ취ݸŮ洺Ԫİ취
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һ̣ʲô׼᲼ַ磬Ҫˡͷȫˡ
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ʥʥˣļᶨ룺ŮҲŮ洸ָһµ·Ҳһ졣
ô
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ԪӺŮ洣ˣΪǾòµ
ҵǰ˵Ů洺Ԫͬ˼Ҫǲ˵㻹󲻳ɣ

ƣ
ֻŮжһӣǺߣŮʬһ̫Ӧġ
Ůܾˣ̫Ůʬһ
߰ÿһԲҲڱ仯ģĵݱһ
ЩҲĵĽ
ߣ̫ã˵ʬһд֮ӵŮû֮ǰôˡ
ǣߺһƽ֮Ψһ۵̫ͬ籦Ҫǿ
籦ֻǷѣܽ˶ƽ֮
޵Ԫ޽ɣ޵ľƽ⣬ƽںϷ򣬳ɾͻԪ޼ɡ
ԺߺҪԸƽҪ
Ůֳֺߣһ߻ȥ
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˺һߡһߣֱ˱ޡȶ֡
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ʥ˿Ů洴˿Ǳˣ
ŮܳɹʾҲܳɹŮʧˡ
ǱŮ洶š

ȥʮֺֻһź
ŮƮһųƵķŮ洵ʬһҵ
ֻҵŮ洵˵ͷţʧڽУͷģȻǴ֮ӡ
һ̣Ů洿ʼϥػת
ʱŮԪУһһų֣Ӵ֮ӵĽţӴ֮Ů洳ɾͻԪɣе
ûֻ꣬ǻԪɶѣҪȥ翪磬ɾͻԪ޽ɡ
Ȼ󿪱ٵںϺУԲ
˿Ů洣ǻԪԲ
ǻԪ޽ɡ
ں˺ģŮΪ׵Ĺ
֮ǰʥ˺ڵŮ洣ɾͻԪ޺ǻԪ޽ĲϵʵΪ
ں˿ٵĺ󣬿ŮʩչʥԲĲΡ
ֻǻԪ޽ڣϾģͬһĻԪޡ
Ǿ仰׶ӣüǰŮ
⣬и棬ҪŮһɺ


907 ֤Ԫ
ˣ
ŮһһԪһʥɨ
ڻп֤ҪһߣУλָ̡

˵ֻ꣬Ůһ֣׷ȥŻжȥ
˿̵ŮѾԪԲҪȥп֤˺ںϽġ
ΪĴǴǰ̫Ӧλӵġ
֤κε̫˴¼üˣп֤ľ顣
ԪӺŮ˾Եİգ˵ǲһĻԪ֤
ǿ֤ѵĸҲܸݸõ£˵Ǻô
ӣ̫Ԫ޼ˣΪδǰоӴһ״̬ˡ
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̫ǰˡ
ĿԺĺҪĳصĶˣǿˣܱˣܾǿ鱦ʱ
ӲǼ򵥵ŴźĽġ
ŴҲչмޣһ̹ŵĺְɣҲ֮ǰĴֱʡ
֮ܲ򵥣̫ΪԽ߸ĶˣҲԽԽ档
л̹û
̫ɻֻܹΪΪ㣬ҪǳɾͻԪΣؾͶˣɡ
˵ʥŮ洵Ļһϲ
ܺãŮ洵ûأȻԼȥ֤֤Ļᣬǻûܴ
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˸ľһ
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꯿ʼָ̤ȥϺ·

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οɵ磬Ҳ̫ǰǿƿɵģǰĽƺɡ
ԣʱ˵ʵͻͽ˵С
һյ˺̫˿ǻԪ޼ˣǺԼһʱĴڣѶԸ
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˵꣬ⰵһԥǣҪǿܻʧȥС磬Ҫʧȥ磬ǽٶȾˡ»ҵǰƵ磬չҪͷ
ȴᶨĶࡣ
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ΪĽͱĨƽ˲֣ǣ̽鷢֣ûУ
˵ԤƵһǴĲ֣ǶԺĵĿ顣־£СںϽģľһ飬Ҳɾ㡭ȻõҪп飻
ԣǰĲ֣ˣ֪ȫͨĲ֣͸ԨǵְȽ룬Ӧĵķдӻ
ʱˣǽģڲҲʼж

꽫Ļⰵħе㾪ȣ룺һﻹĲ֣ǴǰֻħԼȲˣοԼҲǴǰĺģԼҪע㣬ܱˡ
ƣͰյ˵ģʼ֡ⰵ
˵оܱǣűߣԼҲҪжжҲҪʩչ
һͲСԼҲҪԼԼŰȫĶࡣ
ѣҿЩСǺĵľǿԴһ¡
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ģҲвֵģȻ˵ˣǾʱ˰ɣⰵĪĵ
˵ĽɻĵҲ򵥰ҲֶΣԼҪע㡣
˸̥İ뿪ˡ
ʼظԵ磬Ȼݲְ½ǰԨ֮ء
ڱΣûܷ֡

ڻУһ׼ֻŮ洺Ȼվƿʼſ
ȣһȣֻ̹ᦳ
һĻʥ׼ʥһĽҪ֤ˡ

Żͬһ֤Ů洺ܿ˿Żֻһ类١
ʱӺͺ̫ͼʼá
һѹȵ磬һƽŮ洺Ϳƽ⡣
ʥ׼ʥ棬ǺʹǰüȲࡣ
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⿴ʥһĽǳˡ
һֱû˵ֻĬĬŵԪӣ˵ͷ
һֻû뵽ʦһҲ
ʱ
ֻϺ󣬺˲һ˿ȹ硣
Ů洲һ
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⣬Ů洿ٵ̫ԤƵĲ࣬ﵽ˾ųɡ
ǴǰŮʥ˺ʵĲ֮ͬ
ҿ֤ɹŮ洵Ϊﵽ˻Ԫ޽ĵزԤơ
Ǻͺںϣ»ܸһﵽԪ޽ĵز
ǻԪ޽ڶʵˣٽںϵ磬ʩչʥԲʵˮˡ
УֻŮǣٵ磬ʼ̥Ĥ
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ϣ
ˡһٵСһֻı̥Ĥɡ
ɽһһ֮أֻһγɡ
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ֱһ̥Ĥʧˣںϣɽ֮أһԼħĵ򣬳ˡ
ŮںϵСĸ
Ϊ˺Ķ׳󣬱Ͼٵǻеģڻ籾Դۡ
ںϺĵһ𣬳˺ĵıԴ
ǰ̫뵽ıϱԼһ
ڣ
Ů洳ɹˣǳǳԪ񣬴˺俪֮ӼʬȻп֤ȻںϽġ
Ůɵһ̷֣ԼڻֻлԪ޽ʵ
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ǣԼ֮Ӻ󣬼Сںĵһ֣ԼʩչʥԲʵ
ϲǾ磬Ϊ
ǻԪ޽߲㣬ҲǻԪ޽ɺڵĲΡ
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ջ̫ˡ
⣬ʬһʬд֮Ӻ
ǰһӣԼʬڴ֮ˣѸٵĵ㣬۳ҵԼһơ
ʦ˵ģ׵ĳ죬ȻںϽ֮ӣԼںϷ򣬳ɾͻԪ޼ʱ̡
Ů洺ģԼҲһ죬ܵﵽʦ˵ľ磬Ҳʦ˿̵ľ硣
УʬһŮ洴ǰеľҲʬںϣӶԴݵںˡ
㲻ϣںϵľѾһ䡣
һ伫Ʒ鱦εľϸϸ˵ֻ˵ܴܴ
Ů洵ӵ
Ҳʬһĺôе鱦ʬһںϡ
˵ʬһҲ鱦ĺһ
Ůһ鱦ҲߣֻǺԼһ
Ҳǿ
ԼľӡȻʦǰ̫ȲˣԼ죬Ҳ鱦
Щ
Ů洷Ҳо޴ı仯һ˱֧ı仯һûмı仯
ߣҲԼƿߡ
ԼңĻع飡
չأһ̱չظȹ̾Ҫ
Ů洱չˣ



908 ˳ʥ
Ů洱չغĴھ޴С
ʥУŮ洵ĳɹҲһ졣
ֻʮֵԻŮôߵһ
ֲͬڻԪ޽ɵķʽôģʥɻġ
˼Ϊܵӣͬɻ󣬿һֱܳĬԪӡ
ӵΪʥһ͵ؾѡĵ԰Ԫӡ
Ԫһ΢ЦʥԼҲû˵ģ֪λɻ󣬲ҿԸλҲŮʦһúλѿǰ֤δﵽ
ҪģԪҲﵽŮ洵ľ磬Ȳ̫࣬ƺˡ
δﵽ֪ġ
δﵽʬһ˵ɡʬһȥұʦ𣬻ʦǵģ豾׸ˡλѣǡ
˵꣬ûʥɻԪ뿪ˣʦóɹˣԼҲҪʼˡ
µʥһɻ롢ܡ
ʥնȥʬʥǲǡ
ǵʥģ˲һɻ
ĬĶһۣĵֻʱҵѯһֻҪ֪˷ԼҲѸٵ֤ϾԼǷԲģʥȡһ
Իʥ뿪ˣôģֻԼ֪
ǰĦ׼ʥǣûɻΪ̫ңԶ
ʬдΪǰһ
ûкʥԼֲһ
Ů洵ʬдģԼҲʬһȻдԼûкҲܳɾͻԪ޽ɡ

Ů洵ɻԪ֤Ϊ֮ƽһʱ䡣
Ȼʱƽ
ԪʥҲ֮Ȳ˵׼ʥЩʥǣ̲סȥҵڵ
ʥǶڵԪʥ˵֤Ԫ
紦Ԫׯۣ
ȱԪٻ˹նɱ˴Ⱥ˫˺һնɱȺãն˵ڶʬʬ
ִ֮ʬѾиֻҪһʱ䣬նʬѡ
ǰŮʦ֤ԪҲʶˣǿء
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ʦȹĶԪһݡ
Ԫۡ
ΪαŮԪʵڵȵӰ
Ůз׼ʥԲļ̳ߣԪӵĵȲûС
Ԫˡ
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ʦͽദ޾ˣ͸һԪӵԸȺףҲ˼ɡ
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ն뵽һ֪Ȼܹ㣬ʥ˶û뵽ûʧȻһĺҲ˵Ϊʦ㣬ҲΪʦǰ㣬ֻҪʬնйʬնܳʥ
˵һģǲأ̫¡
ΪʦǰŮʦ壬һѯʹʦ棬ʦ˵Ϊʦ˭ΪʦѾʦǰԣ㣻ȻʬδնΪʦ˿̸㲻ǺôΣѹ˸ǣΪʦȻұ֤Ϊʦ㣬Ϊʦ֤ɹչʱ㽫Σף
ӣӻ֣̿һ
̿޷֮顣ʦˣʦѾѺˣ׼ʥԲѸ֤ʥһиôʥ֪ܴˣز÷˾ܳʥҪŬˡԪӵ
˵ȲʦٻԼĿġ
˵ʦûкʦԼ۵ġ
ҪԼʬնʦʦˡ
ӣʦˣӲһ
Ԫȴ㱾⣬Ҳ㲻ŬΪʦûйΪʦģ˵ǣǶõĲȣնʬѣΪʦ뵽ԼǰʥӦûѹΪʦ㰲ȫıǲԵģΪʦ˵ˡѹǺ£̿ҲǺ£ûѹûд˿̵Ļ֣̿޷ʲô
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죬һʱѷ͵شˣƺͨڤڤ֮ء
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ħһ˻ƺԼĵħȥûжٵǻۡ
ħ˻ʱ򣬺ȻѷУһΪǿĶħħɨһۺһſڣ̵֮ǰǵһĶħ
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ˣһǽԴëռһ磬˵ܼ򵥡
һûǻۣʵʵԶԼĵжԣʲôµġ
βһȻϲС
ʹоףǺڰħһòܽܡ
ղŵĶħʹȷ档
Ȼڵõ˴˵ذȫѿԽԽ֮󣬺ƺƵĴˡ
ʹԼ¶ĶħʹˣԼһЩ˫ͷ˫аħˡ
ʹʹԼһͷħȵȡֱʮʹ٣ħ١
ʮʹнǧħҲнǧ
ʮʹͷǳƺΪʹ߸ħһħ
ߴʹֱǣӰС٤ագ쳶УСҶ
ħǣ³ߡ١ġ
ǰպ֣׼ʥʬնĲΡ
ⰵ˫ʹʹʮ

ֻħʹڱ˴˳ӵĶһۺְĿ⿴ѿ֮ƺȴʲô
һĻʹԼħҲһѵѣ
Ȼֻѿֳ֮һ￴ȥ
ףѪζֻһħ
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һǺϤĽʬһһǴǰѪ֮紴ĶһȺѪ塣
ʬǺǿѪɾԪ񣩵ǿ
ѪУʼӼм߸𣬺ͺ׼ʥޡ̫ҡɡɡɡɶӦ
ʬҲУʥϽ׽ڽ̽ëɽ߸𣬶Ӧ׼ʥޡ̫ҡɡɡɡɡ
ΪҲʹԼħļӦ
ʬ֮潩棬ѪѪ棬ʹͶħӦ
ʵⰵĹԼڰ񣬶ǹⰵħʶ
Ѫ棬Ҳˣǽʶ
˺ܴɽС磬ԼָʹͶħԿѪͽʬԿΪḽ̌ߣǿߡ
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ֻоͶԿܽ
СıǮǿ֮
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ΪĵݻԽԽϴ֮ˡ
֮Ӧ磬οǽ͹ⰵħʥԼⰵ硣
Ҳںʹܵų⣬ǺתǲС
ͬʶС磬ʥ͹ⰵ磬ڹⰵħͽ£ƣ޷ǱȺĵһѡ
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ķĴʹħʥʼѪʱǵ񡢽桢ѪĽ
ǰģԼԼ˴εѡ
ˣķҲܳԾ磬ȻҪķϡ
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βһΣҪСĲС
λȻеǳˣеĲʶȻйͬǾ;ɽİŰɣӦ磬ҵԨĳڣáһʥʥ˻Ƶ
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ܣּû˿Բѭͬ־ǵһСһħ
Ѫ־һСԼԼ֣׼ɡһʼѪ
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һе˼飬ʥ˶ˣ˳ʥˣôʥˣ
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һʱ䣬ڷ˵û˲˷ܡ
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ܣܣ˵ȻҪˣҪģģġĲҪģ˵Ǳ֣Ĳһ֮ģ֮ģҪģݹ巢֣⣬֮ô˵أҴ˿ʥԲȻ͸еη壬𣿡
⻰˵꣬˵ũˣԯòᡣ
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˵ˣΪͣȻ͸ġ
Ҳ֪˵Լũġ
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ҵ˼ǣԼ㣬Ӧò˵
磬Ϊûһ˿ԸģûԼũ
ĪҪᣬ˵ĲãӦûһַʽһ֡ţǰ˵ֿ̣֮Ҫӷæƹȥġ
ҵģũһ㶡
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ȴЦˣܣ֮ʥԲҶûãҲ֪ǣΪҲܲ濴ó֮ĵ򵥣˲ҪŬҪǺܼ򵥵ĻҲῴҲнˡ
ȻļһҲ²⣬ֻǲ²⣬ˣӦɷڤɷڤ˵޼ʥˣƺƽ
ˡһ
ũ˵Ĳ²⣬Ԫһƽ
ò˵ԼʥĸƺǺˡ
Ȼ룬Ҳұȡ
磬㣬㡭ʵ˶һũ˵
޷޷ֻҵĲ룬ĪҪǡҲҡҡͷ
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ìܵ
ô˵˶˻
ʥ˵壬ũôæˣʥ˴ھĵ
ũʼԼ״̬ǸΪԸһеĹũ

ڲú󣬹ȻԤƵһ
죡
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ڷ磬һѿ˿ӣ÷ᡣ
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۵ĹͳʥǴûϹġ
ȡ顭ȵڶ̬е˻һģһ
ʷˣʥ˷ˣ֮Һˡ
֮ǿϢ֮ꡢ֮ġӦ֮ˣˣߡ
ȻǷʣǳʥʷˡ
嵫õģˣ棬ķҲ档
潵ٴʱǰʢѹƵķ𷨣Ȼĩսٵĸо
Ѿɵķŵӣ˻ʽٴһ̣ȡᡣ
֮ǸҪ
ԱȲ֪һԱȺԡ
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ҷ˴֮ݶ֣已ɱѹݵҲݲҽ֤
ڷ˴һ̣ŸǻһҲһʿʼ˴µĵ
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˶һۣĵҲ
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ȻǾһɣС
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ǿǿȻû飬ûҪԱ

ȻҸ̣ǲò˵úãΪʥ޷ˣǲǾԶˣ
ѪУһХ̫ˡ
Գʥ屾ǿ󣬵ѹ֡
ͷϵ
˿ľ棬ܲˣ
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ˣԾԼǿǴ䣬ƻ˷̵Ĵѵ׼ͽ׼䱰ɣǱʶС˵ǿ԰Լ޵ˣԵúãԵúðšۿҲˡ
ˣҲǴЦֹ̫ǿˣǿˣԿðԱźء
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صķˣɫŭ˭˷ܡ
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ϾŮ洺ĽϣˣƺǶǿˡ
ԪӣܺԼȲ࣬ŵ˿ǲСģԪҲš
ֻܰյ˵ģ׬ȡºˣüѵĳ̶˵ǿСҲøı䶨棬Ϊ˳Ӧ

˵ѯʣΪӰ
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ҵҲ𣿡ͨʡ
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⻰˵꣬˿ѶС㡣
ȣһҪɾͻԪ޽ɣҲҪı䶨Ϊ˳ƣƶΪܼѲ˵гͷ˹º˶ӦĹףҪŬ
⣬ʬһǸؼȻۿӡ˲ѾնȥʬͨԪʼҲѾˣֻһ֮ңˡ׼ỹԶ֮ˣնʬľ磬㻹Ҫնȥʬնʬſɡ
ʬնҪʬһʬһԪ֮磬˺Ԫﵽ壬ʱʬһԪ񶼴ﵽԲܳȡֻҪȡԪ񣬴ԪʬһͿƿ֮ӣдǶˡ
һɵۣҪôಽ裬Ѱ
նȥʬͺѣ˵ʬһҪԪԲ⡭ֱܰ
⻹Ǳѣ֮⣬֪ȼʬ֮ɷԴͨ
Ҫ𣿡һš
˺ܾϲǽͷˡ
˰ŵʱʱʲô鱦
ֻܼԼ۵ӣնʬһһӣʬǼеӡ
ڷˣֱӹۣʬնȥеˡ
֮ʬûû취еĻˣ׼ʥи֡
ҪֻбԴͨ鱦ܸõںϣ֪ʬһơִʬһǼе鱦һҪǱԴͨ鱦Ѻܶ౶
Ԫӣ飬ǻԴͨŮ洼ʬ֮鱦Ǳ侻
̫˵ˣ˶ˡ
һܣʱܸԣרǿ鱦УںˣԴͨô죿
оԼʱת룺ѵùѹ޾ºԼתˣĸо
ΪԼǰûǿ鱦ֻ辶ӡ
ԼĽ仯Ǹ۵ǲƷġ
ԵһƵ鱦˵һƶ㲻ϣûнƵ鱦
û뵽ⷴԼĻԵ
ƺ˲ˣնʬȡɣȻȡɣǼе鱦ǿΣȡɶѡ
նʬĿģɾͻԪ޲Ŀġ
ԼײûпǿʬΪø

ˣȻˣʹǼС֮ںϺ֮
ҲǵľɥͿģ̫ķŴǡ
һ̣֪֪һΪ̫ˡ
л𣡡
ôøлҪеġ
⣬Ҳ˵˶ɥ˲ôΪճʥûãûʲôþɥġ
ΪѣܺãˣᳬԼܶࡣ
ԼնȥʬұԴͬļ֮ȵġ
֮󡭡
ʮһʥ뿪ˣڴģžɥߵġ
Ȼ
ʮһ˲֪ǲԶĵطһòŮŵö¡
ʲôʮһʥˣôôࣿ
Լʱ֪ģԼ̫֪ġ
Ůǵ
˺ܾãʥ뿪žѡ
Ҳ깫˵˵ȥ˵Լʮһʥˣ깫š



911 ߹
ʮһʥų˼ң˳
ӭǾڸָңꯡ
ʥˣһ
ԼΪͣǴƽĵϺǲģ꯿Կ϶Լǰߵʮһʥˡ
ôôࣿһθеɽԼĶ⡣
һ·Ϸǿķһ壬ǿʵ͹ĵŵòᡣ
Ϻˡ
ΪԼϴͥĵϣز˵ģһ·ϣԼ̫ˡ
ǽϺ־ٶ
磡
Сȱ𶯣ϵĵϺ棬ѵλ޻Ǹ񣿡
ϵףȷ棬ϾȻۡҶΪкô֪ϵҲȥ˵ʥ⣬ϵ׼ʥڵΪܵɣ
ţһЩǰȻˣһʶ̽Լĵϣ˵䣺ŵӰɣᣬϵ̽ܣҲ̽飬ϵǿϡ
֮ԴӵϺв֪ĵ϶ܺ档
꯿ʼо裬Ҫƴ
ˣΪЩܻһ䣺ȻڣϵҲܵ͡
ÿ˶˵꯽ˣЩ˲ԼгͻֻǶԼĵϺ档
Ҳ˵̽ԼԪ壬ֻǹ۲Լϡ
Ȼ꯻˵ʲô
һﲻ֪ģʲô϶ĺİɡ
ԴӽϺϰˡ
֪⻹Լģ̽ĸˣһϺжٸֿ֪
ΣԼսɽ磬ϺȻô֣꯱ѹ
һǰ⻶ӭ£ң
⵹ãʮһʥˣһԼʶķʡ
ףꯣ
Ҳˣɵվﲻԣ
꯰ݼ棬μʥˣμ˻ʡ͵һ飬æݼˡ
˻ʳʥǰɽ磬֪ģֻû뵽ôˡ
ô˻һģȻҲʥˣȻûƭԼʥˡ
ɽˡţþķΪҲ̫ҲΣܿɹ󡣡
˺ܸˣһ棬ȳƺʥ˶⡣
¼֪ģ꯺⣬Ͼйһ֮Ե
˵ΪʥһĿʥʶꯣ˿Ҳû뿪ˣϾʬһ꯿пޡ
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ҲͿһۣ뿪ˡ
ˣ˵˼䣬һҲˡ
һᣬ꯲Ŵ߳ǰԼеĿĵأң
Լδ룬ͼʶʮһʥˣһ·ϺֱɲⰡ
Һδ֪ܺǰֻҪʦ˵̫磬֪ŵܡ뵽
ԣȹһ
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ңƷǷϱɽĸ춴ضҪ棬սһ̣꯾ˡ
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˵֪˺ܶܣԭ⻹̫磬̫Żңʦ֮
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ûڵ磬ǵ𿪱ٵģΪ١Ȼиܣ㲻𾪣Ҫΰ󣬱顣
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ţĽǣЩ̫˼߸㲻ľͱȥ롣ΪĶ˶ûкôǣ棬ĪҪô࣬Ļɲ
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ң̫ܶ磬꯽һɲȻԪгһĴС
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ӴˣС˲ޣҲҺ깫Ⱦˡ

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죬һصˡ
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񾭹׼ĥҪ֤
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ĸԸġ¡ڲǰиӦ͗軣ǣǡ
ţ͗軣̫һ㶡
Щ޴ܣޱΪ汻޲TΪڗ軣Ϊ
䣬޲TԱ⻯Ϊħ
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⣬͗軡Ҳգ̫ɣ㵣ǡ
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֪Ҫƻָˣܳºһɳ졣
ǱԼԶˣԼҪ֤ˡ
Լǰ޻ˣǡ²Ҫᰡ

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һԨ֮أﻷӣûڴס
ȴҲΪĻ֮߳ĻĹŵߣ֮ء
Ӧðɡꗃ軵Ļһ̾Ϣ
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ûҪɣǺˣõѣ˵ˣԨ㻷ӣҲ鵮棬Ƕ˰ɣ軵
ûⲻǴ£ֻԨ׳һѡûҪߵ
ִڣһԨУҵ顣
Ҿò򵥣ЩǺ顣
ǺǣѶˣǺ飬ѵ߲ɣĺεǿߣڵ𶼲֪½룿軶̫̫ˣݵĹˡ
⣿ҲоܣҡҡͷðɣҪǵǣǿԺ˵һܾã֪ԸϲãжҪҪ˵
ţá軵˵ͷ
˺˿ʼ˽Ųĵȴ
ڣ

죬һӰ˲֣
ˣ˷ܵӣиջ˵ˡ
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ûõȷеĻشס
ѣ
ѣ
˺Ȼ˵ˣҲ֪ô˵

һЦ˺Ȼ˿ǳˡ
桢軵ӦˣӦӻˣ
ܾûôˣڽˡ
˵ͬΪߵʱ˿ûôõĹϵ
ǣʱţˣԹûˣеֻͬͬĸ顣
ģ˲ѯʡ
ģġȥطܴȥǶˡ
ѹһɢûλѵڴֻˣʼѻ̫ҡ
үүɽ磬˲֪˲Ȼֻ֡
Ǻǡ͗軣ƺûѵ䣬ɡ
˶ʱɡ
ҲöѣӵʱɱǿҪʱ˲ãôҡ׼ʥԲֻҪָƣһʱ䣬ָܳ㡣
澪ϲ˷ܡ𺳺󣬶ʱ˹
һߵı뺷ͺȻ
ңʱµĲࡣ˷ǣԼ˿ͬĸ顣
ĺŵôõˣʲôģһ޷˵ĸ飬ͱ﷽ʽˡ
ȻҲһ˵ùѣүҪ֤ԪˣԶˣ
û˵ɵɵЦڽˡ



912 ֤
ûʲôʰģӲд֮ضѡ
Ѹٵʰһ£˺ĵı档
һһ̾ûֹˣԨĹˡ
ʱĵı仯һȡ
ôϵûƭǰɣɣԽԽŨҪ˶ãָǰǻεʱҲʱ⣬˵ʢ½Ҫˣ϶ȴԨ
ȿȣ㵱Ը⣬Ǳˣ֪ĽܴҸڶࡣҪˣҲڶԨ軵
ǰָԼһǰӣ˭ɱ׬ȡ£οǸʱˣʱ޺һڴޱߣǳ
ǰΨһϣľǣָҵƣǵȱϵ׷𣬵һĶģ֮軼ᶨ
޷ԭ򣬲
ⶫ˵¡
ͱǺԵģЩ
ĵģʼơ
ʼһ˿ûеơ
˲ǲĵĵط
ƻָˣ´˿СҲη塣
İɣֻҪԸ⣬Ƽ򵥵ĺܡ߰ɣȥ̫硣
ã˵˵ͷ

Ȼ
¡
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𶯣ӡ̹ᦡ̫ͼ׷֮֡
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͗û뵽ճɽúĽһ¡
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ģҪǵô߻ħұˡ
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ʥǸأȻˣԪҲһ
ԴϺǾͺء
Ϊ֤̫ѣԪӵΪǸеκͲࡣ
Լû򣬱Ѿ׾ٵ֤ˡ

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΢еźǰŮʥ˿֤ǹĦĸûء
ҪԪʥʮͺˣԼ٣ȻĦ
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⣬ûȹСҪû˶ʮԪἸԪȹС硢С硢׳СĹ̡
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ʥ˷ˣʥ֮ǿҲˣĲУ򲻹
ȿɲһߣ׼ʥڣҲǸ֣С
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뵽ʦѺԼȻ˵ʱ䵽ˣΪʦҪȥ֤ˣͽҪŬ
ô򵥣Ƚӹ˿Ҳĺ
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ʱţת˲ꡣ
͗軣һһ߸·еĻص̫硣
̫磬ݺĹŵᶨĵģʼֲ
ΪҪλߵĴˡ
λߺϤԼǰĻʳжһ
ӵĻԼĻʳ
ðɣԼˣλڣѹûԼ޻ʳֻ˳ƶΪˡ
ǲΣλѹ޾ʱĵԽǻóԽǹϵ飬ԽǶλ־塣
Ͼźĵߣ

λѣ̫磬ĵ߰ɣȥǣ̫ʱ
ã˽ŵĵ
˽ţҲû˵ʲô
Ҫ𻹲˽ţǲܵģ
Լ͵ദôˣԼء

ˣʵǰ
߰ɣ
һ߰ɣͷ󺹣
ͷ̧ͷͷ˸ĽŲһһһһ𺳣ֱ
͗´ˡ
棨軣ߵ̫𣡡
飡
һֱû̧ͷͶأȴּ̫⡣


913 
̫Ŀ˸ֻ˵̫£ʼĻָ
ز̲ס޾ԻָԪƣʼȥ˺ɫӲǡ
ǰ˵ģȻ̫˵׾١
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ԼСʲôģûС
̫ţ˲Ǽ򵥵Ľɫ´񣬿ɼĵļᶨ
սսǶ̫ʩһĿʼˡ
ˣȻ̫סˣֵڸĵԴڸ͗軣ͬ࣬°빦⡭
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Сڣ
Գƣ̫΢΢ü̫ϲ
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㣬Ԫʼͨͬ
оһ·𷨺󣬶Էһʶ˵ĺܶԣǵѣ䲻ڡ
ԣǿԽǰǲ߷µΪ˳ƶΪЦ
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ʦͶʦʦƶļƻԼҪĲ֡
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ֻҪͺãⲻ¡
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ںܱԵ۴ġһСɳ

עҲ͸˵һ£ˡĺԣдһ磬emmmĺ޾磬ԽдԽСһ
ܶƺ˵Ψһ
ϱҪҲдûÿˣúõ޾磬һԽдԽȥˡ
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Ϊεиִ˵ʵҲˣռ籾ԴЩԴܻѣһһʱŤӰ䡣
֮īƶɡԡ˹ݡ£磬ơ಻ȥˣɣҾˡ


914 ˣ
ڸոչȥһԪᣬʮǧС
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Żӡȵ飬ҲԼĵʹС
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вĵݻǿ
꯼֮壬͵ۿ̫һĽ壬µġ
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ԭˣԭˣ˵˭ǿԭλ軺棿̫
˷ǰƶֻǽɲΣʱҲ٣ڻǲ׺̡û뵽͗Ҳ£̫硣
һ̫׼ʥǸӻĹĸ֣Ǹ̾
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ţߣÿһк㤣Ǵر任Ӵ˸컻أ޽

һֵĻ䣬꯺깫һȡ
ܣǸ׳ʱԼʱûʱ
ðɣҲ޹򣬳׵׳˵ĻУԼܻȥ
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¡
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ⶼ˺óʱˣ
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Ǹ׼ģֻҪ̫һںϷΥɽ½ת䣬
֮޼ںϷͣ⻹Ҫı½ķʹŨӰ
ܺʥˡ



915 ֮ϣ
类ɢɽڷһˡ
ÿںϽĵ綼ˣشΪɽ򣬶ʣĻΪĵ
Ψڤ磬еšСıԴҵţϾγڤ㻷СûС
̫һ޴Ĵ½ֻ滹дǰʥ飬ʱͣһķɢʥ磬һ̡
ǵ˼ͼᱣڱĶסһ̣˵ǲı仯
ʥͣ٣ѾںϽġ
˴εʥ磬ϾǸǧ磬ںϵʱе㻺
̫ںϵʱ䣬ҵһ½ʼ
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˿̫ɽ編򣬴˺ʼԼ־ıһ½Ĺ
ҪǶɽƬ̫ı˹ΪĴڣᱻɽ編ı䡣
һܼ򵥣̫ںʥͬʱѾˡ
̫֮һֻ֣½ϴǰ飬̫Ųˡ
ŪߣҲܼ͵ϱԴ
̫ԼЩ飬Ǻ¡
Ϊ½վҪģǿôڣ룬ǱūۣǱϡ
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˺̫ʼı˴½ĵϺһ󷨣ﵽʥزĲΣ̵֮С
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һǧУͬɷı仯
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ʥ飬͵ظеһɾ޴ѹǸ컻صı仯
ͬʱǴǰΪȻʩչӦеʵ
ΧԪŨ㣬ڽķʦҪŨôŨԪأôأ
ǻУ͵һһ
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̫ʱֻ޼Ĳʶ̥Ĥ
Ĵʥϵķ·ĵֿ
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ڲӦⲻʮʥ˲εģϻ̹ᦵ֧֣̫ãʤӦǺӪģ޷ɽһЩƻѡ

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ӦڻлˣС֧Ԯûˣ
һ󳩿ĴЦֹ̫ܶС磬˲Եɡ
ûӦǻ˻еĵˣֲ֧סˣжϵ֧֡Ҳ
λڻʤˣǲˣɱ
˷ܣҪϴˣ飬ػĲᰡҪ
ǣ鱻նɱ鷢ֲһˡ
ǰڤڤеϵɱⲿߣữһⱾԴȥصԨԴʥ͹ⰵջء
˿̣ıԴѸɢǱգһֻҪɱĶ࣬ԺĵĲҲʹ
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һһģЩⲿֵĶ𻵣ڿʼǵֲĵʧ
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ԼʥжˣҲ˵ԼˣǾԶزˡ
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ͷĻʹͲ֪ȥˣеȨ̹ᦵĹϳ룬ͷɢĺòǱ
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ս־Үͻǿ㣬ְ˲Ӧһֻ̣ʱһźɫʼУϻԨߡ
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ˣӲƴֲ롢κˣʮҲƾС
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ǰȥǧֲֻ׼ʥ£޷򹥻µĴ꣬׼ʥ֮ϽֵĴֻ꣬п׼ʥʥֲ
ۿŶʮĸʥˣǿܣɾ̫һʥ˿ɵˡ
ʥϣÿµĳ棿

ʮĸʥˣǱ̫ģΪľֲʧġ
Ȼ̫ΪʧӦò󣬵ǿʱ̣Ȼеš
ȻôߣڣǱأⰵͽѹа
뵽ü˵ķŹ
̫ĺ󣬼ʧСɷһ̣ƭü
ǲϻӣܽܰ
Ŷʮĸʥ˵ʧֲһ룬̫Ŀɨȥ
ߣնɱǧڣԼǧڣʣµǧڣ̫ˡ
Ǿͼɡ
ಣ
ľе̹ᦣ͵һƿط̫
ˡ
̫һӡ

񰡣Ⱦ񣡡
𡪡
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֨֨֨
ħ˻ѪҽУʹʼ䣬ʬʼԱ
ǵǧڣһ̹ɨȫɢ
ˣһ׼ʥ˿ĭ
Լʼɻõ׼ʥĭⶫǾԪҺþúþòˡ
ûЦΪࡣ
ȶое巢ʥ巢оǲʥˣôĸо
̹ᦵ̫Żʩչΰ
һɱ֮
ǧʧֲ˺ĵʧܶ˿
ǵҪģֲĵʧС

ֻ̫֣Բӣʥ˳֡
˸ڰ޾ӵУᣡ
ˡ

ֻһҽгɽ磬ڰĵϣ̫ᡣ
ʮҮͻǹⰵħĹⰵϵۣڱ̫ˡ
˴Ӵ˹ֻʥһ㣬ȫûˡ
⻹̫֪˱ɱ˺òűģˣնɱˡ
ⰵ磬עǺںϵһ磬˱ת󣬳Ϊ׵ĺɡ
ⰵıԴԲںϽģ˹ⰵʥˣ˴ùⰵõںϡ
ңҲҪĹⰵ½
˺ѪѪͽʬҲˡ
ֻ̫غѪԼҮͻһ˿׼ʥԲ
ת˵ıԴ˲Żعʥ˵
Ȼʥ͵ĲΡ
׼Կˣˡ

Ծƣ˵档⣬ᵱƽ̹̫ѭһѣ̲ط֡Ŷ䣬һ
ʱ͵ˣ٣˿ڳƲμ档
Ƕ̫˵ͷѡ
λѣ
˺ìܣòԼնʬһˡ
ѷָǺǵǣǵúûиģΪαˣ
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˶ѡһЦ
ʣļҲк˺ֿ˿ƺ˵ǲ֮ǰ̫ѿˣô֮ǰһˣ
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ܶһεõĺһ󼤶ǶĶˣЩⲿɱйĵġ
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껹̫͵±ȫɱ˺ã´ת󣬿ԲõбԴնɱҪ˷࣬ҵûѸնɱӦжưɡ
ʵҪ̫ͣȻжƣȫնɱˡ
ںĽͣԼľٶ̫ˡ
ȻҲߵּ⣬ܲ
ţ̫˵ͷ
ˣ˿̫Լü˵λһ𡣡
˵ֻ꣬ȻƷſ
֣鹲ͬĽѣ˴νѣйߵ˲ʢ¼˿̽ѽɢȥɡ
ѽ˿
ڵصԨУѿֲһ̣ڴ˵ķ֣һΰɨȫɢ
˺Դֲ֮ǰѿڡ
µĲ֣ȴ͵ۿһۺƽˣ̰ۣҲڵеĹͷַ⡣
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˿ڳƣָ
֮뿪ˡ
̫Ļ̫硣
ķĺķķĺ
һⲿֵĽѽˡ
Ȼ׵֪ԶԶûɣ뻹ֵ֪ôˣ⻹Ҫȴ
ʱָƽսĴ꣬ȫĨƽ
̫֮ˣԼü桢ĺˣźȥС



919 ѯʣ
˵ȥһƬ̾
Ǵ˵еĵ𣬹Ȼ确ÿ¡еһμ̫̾
ƶǰΪޣû뵽ǰˣʥϣǴ˴εⲿ֣ƶһֱһٵĺ
еǰ˵иǿĵϮɽֻһ֣ǽ˻еĵˣ˺ĺĺɨ
ǰĸǿ׼ʥܽʥϣ⻹˲ʱ䣬ô˵еĸָжǿ
ǿһһ㶣ǿҲ֪ʥ˾Ϊ߲Σʥ֮ϻиߵĲΣһĲΡ
ţ䲻ǿ۵ģ͵λߣЩۡûǰ˵˵ҲáһԲĵ˺Ȼ̾
ףʲô˼ɻˣ˴ڡ
ڵ֮𡣵Ҫǵ֮ڣҲҪ򷽿𣿡ʡ
⣿Χһ㶡
һи޺ڵĲŵѵ˼ǣһֱڣЩʥǰ֪ˡȴֻ֪Ϊ޵ĴڣΪǴû˵û𣬶ǵϽڵǻᱻΣһһɲΪﵽһĲΣſɾӳǵ𣬵һֱڣ
˵꣬ԲĵЦˡ
ôܣ
ǾȻΪΪ֪ͣ
Ǵ޲ΰ
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˵꣬һЦ漴뿪ˡ
һãȻҲе㲻ġ
ԭܶܣΪԼΪ֪ᱻɱΣһη֣ûʲôֵýģ϶㲻ϡ

ĳһʱ̫ûбǵģ̫̾ΰ
ҲЩ̾ⲿ磬أҲи̾ʥô࣬һμҲг˼͵ǰ˭
Ҳ˲⣬ô׼ʥΪһֱû˵
֮˴εĽѣ˿ʼϴ񣬴˿ֱϴһ
һֶԸ߲εĿǼʶĸֺ󣬶ԼΪµĲŬǱģĿѾȷˡ
ȻҲȻµģҲʹ޲ѵģıֲˣȥȥչȥˡ
еԼͬţеԼĳеԼֿѡ
ڵ֣ҵʧҲнǧڡ
ڸֲ̫ο̭һЩãΪĲȡȱġ
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ûмʥԴ
ΨһģұԴͬ鱦
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ƭˣͲƭˣƭҪͷƭѹûͷ֮ǰмԡ̫Ц
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Լңܺúõɢˡ
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֪أҲǽüԵɡ
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ˮǺˮʥˮ̫󣬲˷ѺȲ衣
һˮˮˮʱˮˮȵȣƷʥˮˮ̫ǡ
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һ仰˵ĺΣҺ̫ʸҲϰ̫Ը
Ȼ֮ǰҲģԼģҲġһ٣ֵڣűΪԽԽߣԽ࣬ԼĳˣǶһ˿Ķûˣǡ
ɫͨ죬ðɣ̫˵ˡ
Ȼʵ
֮ǰΪ͵ʱ򣬿ĺԶԶͬ
֮ǰΪüȻϣ˵ûûϣΪ̫ңԶ
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õİ취ŬƶģȻ㣬㡣
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˵ʵˣⰵͽûǴǰԶԶǣǣΪģԽ٣ҪΪǶǿǲǿܣ֧俼ĵġɣǿߣֻǶԺĵĿ飬óӰ˭˰ɣ
ǺģеȻϣʵˡ
ѣ˵ҵȴǰŬǰ׷ѡ
ôġֻǵĽûĽѣû뵽Ѿˣ𣿡
̫üǲŬҲǴǰŬãֻ˵ڱػ½̫ˣǵˡ
ܲҪۣȴԷ
ԼǿѺŪôǿ
ԡ̾˿ˣԣҪҲںϽģǲǻ
ȻӢǰĵ𣿡̫ʡ
֮ɾͣ߳ɵѰ⵼µͬģҶԣҿɲüǡЦЦ
ҲŬġ̫
Цˡ
̫ѲԼǿ˺ľ޴
ԼҲܻݣûжٽ̫İ̫ûüǰ㡰ᶨ


920 ƾеĶ
ԣĴǣ̫ʵ
̫ѯʣվĲҲԪӡŮǰ㡣
ܼᶨ
š̫˵ͷܴ㣬ںϺĺ֣ᷢСܱ佫ܿ죬ҹ˿̻Ԫ޽ΪĲľ硣ұ֤ںϵһ̣֮ΪܴﵽĲ㣬һ㣬Ļ񣬸ϵĵԵʣܿ졣
ΪΣʵ
ܼ򵥣СںϺҲںģĸݱ䣬Ҳкƿµݱ䣬߽˵ܲ죿ο˺Բ磬ܰСڤ磬Ľ죬򡣡
̫˵һϵеĺôأʣҲлɣ
ȻԵģ޷Ƕ˵ѡ˵ֵǾôĪҪ޷ܵõôֶΪأ
룺ơ
ʵǵĵԵʣüǣҲ֪ôĵԵʣȻ޷ںϡ
治һԼԼĳɾͣ벻̫İ
˵ĵĿģĵĿ̫Ȼ˵еţ̫Ӱ졣
ֽ֮һ۵
ֱüϢ˵Խ˹ⰵڡ
̫Ÿ棬һ˸˻С
̫˭ҲңԼһ˽ⰵͿɡ
ϾⰵĳɵıԴѾڹʱĴ̫һ˾ܸ㶨޷Ǻ俪ԴȻΪѡ
⣬ȥãⰵϹⰵ⽫һս

һصĻ
ܱնĻ籩ⰵħϳڴ˴ҲͦΪģôϳѰҾͲס
ӵüѶϢ̫˰ʱ˴˵ء
Сչкģ޾Сܶ࣬ĶԶ
̫ʱܸϵԵɡ
վڹⰵ̥Ĥ⣬е磬̫ҿ϶֮ǰĹģùⰵʧС
̫Ħһ󣬿ʼǱⰵ硣
ڹⰵС
ⰵħԹܲãʧˣȫǽĴ
ҪǽԼԼʧôء
ܵǣԼ䱻Ҳ벻
뿪˽ҲûнСɡ
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˵ʧҪʱֲҪйⰵܡ
ڴǰüĶݶУо˲
䲻֪üʲôⰵܸоǺ£е뺦ĸо
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·ͬʱܼ
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żȻյһٻ
·һͬ𺳡
һǰסĵһǰĽ̻塣

Ȼ˾ķ֣ڸλ͵վѹŵ˲ᡣ
˾񱩷ҡڵĴʱ˴򷭡
ֵ˶ѭĿ⿴ȥһ²ɫ֮ˡ
һеɿ˵ˮɿɫˮҲܿҶɻԼĵ̨
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̫ˣ͸̥Ĥĵĳ˹ⰵС
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ķ֣˵վԼ壬Լһжܿơ
ҵĶԹ˽ˡ̫гʱȡ
ȫԸ
Цڹⰵ磬ټϹⰵħԪԲΪĵط̫޼ΪҴ⡣
ΪⰵıԴ޼Բ磬̺ĵϱԴٻԪ޼ĵز
ҪǴǰʧأܻлԪ޼߲˲ıԴ
οⰵħ磬ԼϤĻͺġ
̫ò˵ôĵӣҶǰⰵ֪ӱܣΨһսյĿġ
ӣӵùʱշ̫Ȼܡ
˵ȥ˻磬ԼֻǴԲԼ磬ԽԪ޼֮
ԣܲܣ̫ҵˣܲˣֻһս
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·ͶˣɢѹϯԶʱʶ˻ԣ񱩵ıԴ籩ϯԶ
ڰĽ֯ڰУ
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ԻʱǿһδսҲ̫ʷĿǰǿĵˡ
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ɵȥ;У飬֮˲ӿ롣
̫һУѾƿ˹ⰵıݣʹĻӿ롣
ҪǹⰵֲıݣܾһУⰵ罫顣
⣬һǴӻдеģǹⰵС
Ҳ˵ڹⰵʩչ
ǣ̫Ĺȴƿ˹ⰵıԴݣڻʩչһ
ⰵУⰵħƿΰֹһУڻдһУⰵֹˣֻֿܵ
Σգⰵħһ
еΣյϢһк޽⣬㲻ˣǲٿصǰһҲƿʱҵ㡣
޽⡣
ǴʱյһУûжܵĻᣬ̫ͨʱյȻһиʱ
Ϊⰵʱ赲ס
ٿػеʱⰵֻֿܵ
ʱΪ𣬿ռΪ˵ġ
̫ڻƾʱյǿ
ڸ޽γɿֲʱգһеʽ̫ʵˣǵ֮ƿص
ǵʱգ
˷׶Σ̫ʩչǿĻʱգԼֻء
һγɿգһʱգһ컯ʱյĽϡ
Ի
޿ɱܣֻӲʽⰵħʼԻһйⰵԻķ۳ɽȻ⴩ڻʱеģһ
䣬䣬䡪
޾ĴɽˮλķɵƣⰵԻǣıԴֿ
ֱһԻԲ̱ƣһڰԻľֺͷɵͬʱɢ
ǵһΣ˿ʵֵסˣ޽һ
̫Ĳᣬⰵʧء
ɵĹⰵ籾Դһȥˡ
ǰʽȥ˻ղرԴ
һùⰵıԴ˻У֮ɢ
벻˼顣
ڹⰵ罻֣սȴ̫һ˻С
Ľ֣ɱĵطȴڻ硣
Թⰵ𻵲󣬵ǣսùⰵħܡ
ڹⰵ»һУԼļԼ۱Դ
ڻбɾղˡ
ʣ߲㲻Ĺⰵ籾Դ̫һкֻʣˡ
̫ڴǰʱ顱У
ⰵħ϶ѹԼƻ磬˾ͻˣԼС
ڹ⣬۾ǡ
̫һ㣬һѹⰵ۵ıԴɢڻУôۡ
һк̫սʤⰵħʮɵİա
ֻҪϿ籾ԴԲĹⰵħ񣬽Լֿɱϡ
ò˵֮Ŀ£УߵͨҲΨһͨ
⻹̫Уһʱ飬һһһγɿգ
ҪǼֱͨʩչ֮ǽûʲô赲
¡
ֻ󣬹ⰵ˽ɣǱԴľ޷֧תĺ
ⰵᣬ𣬱һĻᣬɡ̫

̫ǿǿһи޽⣬ʩչΣʧܣ𣿡
ⰵôãܲףԽֽͨԽʩչļѡ
̹ǿǿһʩչһοʮʽȻΪ
һЩǿͨı׶ˣ̫ʩչڶΡ
̫һЦⰵ˵ˣСʩչʮζУȫԸʩչκԼҪöߵ׼
̫ˡ
ⲻһ㷨ʩչģǵ֮βſõģ˵򵥣̫ˡ
⻹ںϣһ˸ʩչ
Ϳš
һ
⣿ⰵˣⲻܣ
ⲻ֪̫˺ܴȵʩչɲǸղŵȫԸΪǻⰵļ֡
ಡ
һղŵһУˮεʽᴩⰵ硣

ⰵħܲˣһκ󣬿Ҫ飬û취
ʱ޾ɽԻⰵħ
䡪
еıҡ

ֳ㱾ԴֿĹⰵ͵һ̫ͬһУȻڻԼһĵʧˡ
㣬ƭңⰵŭˣⲻ̫ȫԸĽ˸ġ
ԼǸݸղ׼ġ
ն
ֻ̫һйʱ顣
һĹĹֱⰵħ
ⰵѸջرԴ۵޾֮ɽ̫ĹֱԼԼֿԤ⡣
ҪȥֿԼ㱾Դ۵޾֮ɽᱻ̫磬Լ顣
ǧһôˣջرԴ۲飿
Ϊѵһ̣Ȼ
ˣ
ѹ
̫̫ʼշⰵħҲΪֻܷ״̬Ѹٵı
ɲգδɢ㱾Դ۵޾֮ɽѹˣʼ
ⰵûѡˣֻܷԴֿ̫ʱ顣
⣬ⰵħ֪ͬԼʧˡ
κ罫ɺܶ飬ⰵļӳֽʧȥֻܿʵȥ̫֡
Լʧˡ
ɣһսǾɣ
ⰵηĵȫķӼ籾ԴȫȡѸƿʱĽʧˡ
Ƿ磬Ҳ̫ĵоһս

̫΢΢һЦῴɢҪɢʲôã
ⰵѾʧˣˣǺƿصʱ
Ȼһɫ˲ⰵһɲûٱԴʶԻ紥ǵϮһֿûС
ⰵ˲䱻ƿء
ŵģ̫ʧڴ磬ȥ˻С
Уйⰵء



921 ⰵ䣬嵮
ӳⰵĹⰵħ񣬻ؿⰵһɲ͵һ
̫㣬㡭ƣ
һɫⰵ磬Ȼ֪ʲôԼ类ƿˡ
ԼΪҪ磬ҲںĵƿѸٵȹˣ᧿Σ类ȣսƷ
˵֮ԴѾʧ߰˳ɣʱΣ
ֻҪȶˡ
ûлָĿܣ޷ǻָʱ䳤̶ѡ
ⰵħΪУûʱȹⰵ籾Դһָ
ԺľͲһˣǴȡģҪܳʱ䣬㹻ⰵָġ
»ָԲ㻹пܵġ
⣬Ҫűѹǧʹħȣ粻ȱ١
̫˻У޵Ĺⰵ
ⰵԣ
Ԫ޽ԲĹⰵħӦеʵʵ̫˵ɡ
û˹ⰵļӳ֣Ԫ޼ߣϡ
ӣⰵһ˿ᶼûУٶȺֶα̫Զˡ
ģôֻܲһѡ
һѵԴ֮أⰵ籾һΣյϣ
пѣп̫һ
뵽̫ʱ޾κηյⰵħʧ˺ܶ࣬Ҫ̫ܰ
̫ˣܲȷеĸңǲǽңⰵʵ
⣿ԡ̫΢΢һЦǸ˿϶
ⰵһįЦȻˡ
ʣ̫ҿԸ㽫ģҸᡣ
ܣɣңΪɵ𣿡̫
˵ꡣⰵ̾Ϣ
ţ̫˵ɵһ̣ʧˡ̫˵ĽҪĴۣⰵҲˡ
˵
νĻᣬҪһ·ҹⰵݺ磬м͵ҵļ䣬ҵǣҵУɢɣǻħĽ
ⰵȻûжһħ̫С

˵ǣǰ˵֣һ𣬿ҲҹⰵĵϾʹ˳ʧɷҹⰵԴһⰵħ
˼ϣԼıԴ󽫲һ
ʱħ񣬳ɾͺ档
ʱǬħɾǬ档
ʱħɾǰ㡣
Ǵǰ̫յⰵ磬δʱⰵһѡ
ʱ̫ûղʧ¹ⰵԸ˳롣
ڹⰵһ붼ûˣ̫ȫԲӦ
̫Ҫ㶼Ӧ㺦ҵ̫ʱ㵨Сˣ̫ԥⰵеż
ü𣬾㣬ûο̫
ߣ˵ʹⰵһ
ҲãӦˡ̫δħ٣ŹⰵԼƿҲһܺõĲ֡
Ǿɣ
ֻ̫Ӧһ̣ⰵȫķűľĹ̫
ҪһҪ̫ó赲˵ʵ
򲻿ɱħ
ǴǰĹʱħҲǾ·Աοⰵˡ
ಡ
̫һСһȻСȵʩչ
䡪
¹ⰵĹⰵֵֿɲ̫ˣԪ޽Բֿܵ
һŲĺ;ƺб˼
ⰵħݺ磬߳޾µħĻˡ
ûϲɱǿߡ
Ǹ쵰ԼУȻ
ʥĸͬһϧ̫֮ͬˡ
ɱǿߣܽ˲ܡ
ǣչҪģһк̫ûֻ֣ʱնĹⰵħ񣬱̫һսˡ
һֻ֣һⰵԴ۵İ׺ϢһʧȥƿصĹⰵ֣ԼһɢŻϢı
̫һ֣ⰵıԴԼⰵ֣һʮıС
ħ񣬶鱦
̫һû뵽ħļҵ
ⰵħʱĻ鱦ǹⰵȨȡ
̹Żˣ̫Թⰵħ˽⣬˱Ͼ˺ܾá
ҶѵĹⰵ鱦ⰵȨûˣ˸ⰵ֡
ˣⰵħ˹ⰵȨȵƬͶħıԴ¼
ԽУⰵ֡
ⶴ鱦ʵǶħⰵ֪ôõƷҲͼƷĲΡ
пҲʷκɢˡ
ܹⰵôõĶħȫҲãҵõҲã̫ûйϵˡ
˹ⰵħıԴ̫̫С
ⰵǹⰵ̫ûô
鱦Уȴǹⰵħļҵ̫һۣȤĹʥˮͺڰԴȪ⣬ʣġ鱦ԴһĴҪࡣ
ݺ磬ʵǿ˺ܶ磬Ϲⰵħݡ
˵̫ջһΡ
ֻеĻͺܶ࣬˵һЩ鱦ȡ
鱦ⰵħղع
̫ˡ
ҽȻܷƣǴָ֡˭Ҫܴ˱ôԣúۺ졣̫̾Ϣ
ҲգЩ鱦Ŀܻսɻңɱղɡ̫
ⰵħĲʱǰĻۡ
뵽ˣ̫Ѷ鱦
ⰵ֣һ£ⰵĿһҪǿ٣ǻԪ޽ԲĹⰵħεġ
ֻԼĵУҲûйⰵģµͺڰĶࡣ
⣬ԼпޣǸ˺κһˣʧȥƽ⣬Ԥѡ
һ壬ǿ󣬻治ʺϴӡ
Ǵ裬ҲҪȺ׳ΪʱһֻҺĵΣ
ĺģ񣬾һݱ׳󣬾֮ǰϴѾ˱Ľ׶Ρ
ٵʱ䣬ĵʵȵ
ʥܿó
ʥǺ֧µĽ˵صĸˡ
Ԫ޽ɣ֤ɹ
Сꡢè桢˵ȻĹžʹڵϼһԼԼӣԼ̫Ĺϴڻȡ
УͬʱԪϵȵȡ
Щˣ֤޽ҲԶˡ
ʥ˽Ǻļޡ
֮ǰ׼ʥߣ޲繷
ٹһʱ䣬ʥ˱ߣ׼ʥ繷ˡ
һʱһδ֪ʱ
ʱȻ󣬵𵽲
һˣ̫˹ⰵֽ֣ⰵ翴˿ǣŹⰵĶȥ
һọ́û̫ˣ̫ȥһطȥ
һطȻǽʥ硣
Ź˽Ҫǽüı֤
̫˴磬Ϊľ顣
ڽ˹ⰵħ͹ⰵ
ָ̫ϵ˽ʥ硣

̫ûԥ˽ʥ硣
һ֮ƣһʧᡣ
̫΢΢üǲ԰ΪԼܿԳ˱ԴԼµʥ磬ƺȺ͹ⰵսĹⰵǿ١
һѾڴڼռµġ磬ȻʥһֱԴȥ׳µϳ
ಣ
̫ѣʱ
ֻһ˽׼ʥεĿܳˡ
̫һӣҪ̫
䡪
̫
ܻû˵̫꣬һиˡ
ߣ뿴Ц䱾㽫Զˣ
̫һЦ
Ϊʲô
ԼԼû취
ֱ̫Ӳᣬûȿ˵ֱ̫նɱܡ
Ȼ
նɱĿûɢһۡ
̫һ֣Լ뿴ģһܡ
мصģֻءͶĽ
һ̫Цˡ
̫Ȼ㻹ôᣬƵգ˺֣ǿܡ
˵һѣǽµ磬ԼϿҡĺ̫˵Ҳˣǽҹɡ
Ҽ̫˱ᣬҲҲ˳ۣǶдҪˣʹ˽ᡣ
Ϊ㡣
Ľǣ֮ǰʧء
̫Ųܡ
Уδȫնɱĵķ²
˼ǣĪҪնɱˣҲںģ֪ת˱նɱĺôҪࡣ
ΪߵԼĺ顣
ЩӽˣҲ御ˡ
⣬̫תԼԺ
룺ܷĻǧ磬ǵңǴ
ֻصҪǸ׳Ĳ
㿴Ļˣͺļսɾһüĺ½ѹĴڡ
еĳޣһңƿصˡ
ΪĿ꣬˵һЩܣеţԼ̫˵ǴŵĿ󣬵óľ顣
֮Σľ档
˵Ȼʧˣ޾磬ڴּ£ɱǿܶⲿȥֺģȥġ
ͨ籨ŵģṩϢǰỹǺĺ̫ˡ
ûһ䡰ġǵȼ۵Ľ
ǣ̫ȴóûһ䡰ġǳ滰ɽȫƪˡˣˣˣҰɡ
뱻֧ɿĵĹߣҲӮ˵̫ɶ֣Σʧˣеηˡ
ȻԼһЩ鱦ͻۣ̫ﻻס
̫׶ԽҪɴпóԽҪ
̫һֱء
Ҫһֱڽͱˣ͹ⰵһһҪǿ
㣬̫㿼ǿǣǷˣȻŲ˵˵
ģڻʱƹС磬㽫û˵
̫óС
˽أŵùġˡ
⣬̫еЦ֪Լֻز𣬽
ԶԼ־壬ԺĿ־塣
Ҫ֪ˣͲ룬ܻȥģ㻹նɱ
һҲʲô֪
󣺻һЩ޹ؽҪ̫Ҳû⣬غĽС
̫ҪǣǣǰƿⷽԼԲ

Ļ˺ƿ˴硣
ˣ̫еȫˡ
Ļ磬̫ӲϲʱͿˣ̫һûС
̫ʱԾǨʱҪѰңȥͼˣָûʱ䣬̫ص˺ġ

ȻһСС
ۿɼʬȻڣѪûˣһЩյĳӣԼ˼Ľʽ
ǽµϳѪѪ֮磬顣
һռ磬һ硣
иԼֻط֧꣬ƿصɷ˳塣
һҪѪǿȺ
溣սֻҪһĸǣƿ޾ܵĳ壬֮ռ˴󲿷֣ﶼɵɵ
ҪǱʬⲻУֻص˵ĸʬ
溣ǿġ
˿ûǣֻҪĸУʧأֻҪĸ滹ɾС
֮ǿѪǿ
ȻһЦԼķܹȻˡ
ߣ̫ǲ㣬ҺΣQĽû
ǿˣȻ򲻹Ǿʹӱĵط׬ˡ
ԼҲ̫ܣɾ;ͺˣ̫Ͼһƽϡ
Լ£޾ĳ壬ָģԼǿ



922 ĦᣬΨҶ
Ѿȥ˽ꡣ
ɽǿĻָ£ĸƽ˴ˣͬ߳˴ǰĿա
⣬̫Ԥ鷢ˣھκĵݱ䣬ֵ򣬺̭˺ܶ࣬ͬҲĺܿ졣
ʱ䣬ÿÿͻƣĽ˴󱬷ǰˡ
ɽ
ѽ󣬾һֱһ
ڣǲ˺ܾõļƻʵʩˡ
ܣ౦ʦֶ׼ˣԪʼʵ
ʮԪᣬ౦Դ˷̵ĸѾ׼ʥڵĲΣ˫ͬޣΪΪڷ󣬶౦ﵽ׼ʥնʬǰϢ౦һնȥʬ𷨴Բ
ƣͨ˵꣬ӵ˵ͷǰƶȥڤ磬ѾӦˣ౦׼ͽҲԤϲ⡭
һֵ⣬ҵķ׼ת紴ͳ㻯౦ͽΪˡ
ƣԪʼͨ˵ͷ
Ǿ׼ɡ
˺˷ֿˡ
硣
౦ˣһַԣȥõĸɮҪׯϡ
ʦǰʦѾ˷Բʦָʱֻ
˿仯ܴĵӣʦҵڷ׼׵󡭡ȥʱ򡭡
һ౦ˡ
֮ں£֪ؽ̴Ӷ౦תˡ
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һָ죬һָأΨҶ˼
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ͬȥȼƷھδҩʦ
˵֪󣬵֪һԿȷӵ˾޴Ļ̿֡
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ǣŸþеֶΣûзֵ˵Ĳ֡
Ϊ˱˻ɽİӷ𣬰ӷ£ŵӵ̽顣
ֲ˰ţԼʥ˷ʥˣз̵ļӳֺͱľ磬˰ţʥ˶Լ
϶ˣⲻǵ˵İţǷ̽Ҫʢס
Уһʾ̽Ҫʢ
ڣ̷ˡ
ʮһʱ䣬̿ʼӴĦʱĦѾʮꡣ
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Ϊߵ˭Ȼǽӷ׼֮ĸ
ǵˣҩʦգҲǵزʹȴ󱯹ȼơ
ŵȼƱˡ
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ڽź󣬳׵ıˡ
ճɾȼƹŷʱ׼ʥԲնȥ˵ڶӳ׼ʥڣʮǰնȥִɾ׼ʥڣ˿̼׼ʥԲ
˷ŵˣóʺϷţԷ𷨸츳
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ŷǿˣᶨĵ޻ڷѲ̣Ϊ־
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ôķԣʥˣû˸Ϊӡ
ȼƵĽ̵ʮȥˣĦһζ򣬳ɾ˽ɲΡ
޴Ŀ粽ӷ˵ɵĿԽ÷Ÿ˵ĲˡϢ˭ߡ
ǡ
ǽ꣬ĦỹǽΪΪһζûг֣Ҳˣһ˿ûС
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һɾ˾Ͳˡ
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Ϊ˺ʧ
ȼҲƣѵԼˣúõķ֮ĵķӣԼˣ
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ȼһĦصӾ
Եȫԣ⣬ܲܽһ㣬һ˿˿УӹȥҲöԷн㲻ΪԵѹƣһûУҺΪѵġ
κΣ˵ͨ
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аɣȻӷ𲻼ĦҲҲİɡ
죡
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Ħᵭ˵ʦҷͶδˡȴûԭǣͶӦ˵ϡ
ȼˣ侲һᣬʣôƣ
ĦԪһһϣһһȥΪĽ۵
ֵӴԶȥϷ˼ӳ֣򷨲֣û˸˺ӡֻ۵ȽΪҷ̵棬һϵķӲնɱ⣬Ҳնɱˣзˣرӻû˸ҡ
÷𷨸л˽ҷ붫󣬴ӹʱǳɾͷ֮ʱʦȫ
ĦĻȼһ㡣
ģȥͷһӷҲ
ó˷С
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ͶսϾãͨĦĴٺòˡ
ңǳɹ̻ܶһӣǺ¡
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黨һЦɳɻ
һϢ޵֮˺ܾȣ黨һЦľ춯أ߲ư
Ħ;һɿݵĴأһũڸɿݵĴϣ̧ͷ죬һὫҪ¡
Ħˣũᣬȱˣ˰
ʱữ̲콵أһɿݵĴأĦķģΪˮݷʢ֮ء
ض󣬶ʿ𺳣ĦǸˣһӲʩչκεķ
һһ־лʩչֶΡ
һ·ϴչ¶񼣣񼣲ǿ⣬һǸлغش衣
ĵĺ־ܿ¡
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ڤ˶ò׼ԡ
ĲԨԴĴԪҪתûΪѣֻǺʹȺһˡȿȡ
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عţȻ˵ĴһԺյĳƺ
ĸ
һͬġ㡣
绹иӣС



925 ռѵϣ
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˺ḁ̂Ĥɽ硣
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˳̫ȥ磬һƿص磬ѾĹϽǧСһٲʢ
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˴ǰУΨһ׼ʥǵ׼ʥ
̫̫˺ģ˺ת˶˵ıԴ
֮͵磬öȥ˱Դ֮أ˿̵ĶˣѸˣΪﵽ׼ʥڡ
̫˴ˣżи˻
һɽ磬ַ׷ŵѶϢϡ
̫һݷ֪ˣ౦չĲ档
ȤȤֹ̫
Ȼ̫磬滹ûߣȥ̫罻һºȥ翴

౦ѡ
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ǰ£׼ͽֻͽκΣϣһжǺõľ棬ĪҪ÷ֱܷ
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ɽôӵľ棬ǲòְ
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Ѿ˺ܾúܾãӿʼţ裬δһĵӣٵʥ˺ܶܶࡣ
ǰļŶã޷һεլŮ̶̵ļĲˣû˸߰Դ󣬱ãܺġ
۰ĲʲӶӣûһοģȻ⡣
ǣ۰ĻŮͷб
ŮһѵϲŮʥ˵ﶼһţ
ΪˣôܲϲŮ۰ĺӣΪֻʲܵܡţѣд
ʣҲĥѱʱŮˣҷԻ͵ʱڣҲûܹĽ̵ЩСģŮҲ̣ò˵οྡԲˡ
һϲ˵Ŀɿڴ룺ŮôϲԼиð
ʵʱҲòᣬ֪Ⱥû뵽ԼҲ˵׽ĸôġ
˵ԼļУǶܳ˿ȸĸܡ
룬ҲգͰ˵ģʱȥᣬĸ֤ɹҷһҲʥˣԪޣʱˡ
ʼ˺һͬġ
ҪԭҲҲԭʼͿ֤ˡ
ǰԪŮ洵Ϊȥ̫ټת䡣
ʼ˴ת䣬Ѿ׼˿֤
ֻҪɹˣǷһصʱҪʢʱڡ
ȴȥŮȥ翴á
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ǵģԿ٣ŮûȥǰʱŮڱչأȳغѾˣŮȥ翴Ůȥˡ
ףνԼеĺġ
ͣûνļ䣬Ϊȫˡ
𿪱磬е棬лѵԼеĺģ
ſ˿裬ҲգѾʬһǶԪ֮磬ҪΪ֤׼ˣȥҲãһ
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ŮʼʱûԼܣΪ
ɺˣ˴˿̣ʬһԶԶȺܶˡ
뵽ˣﶼ꣬˭뵽ŮûԼ鱦նʬķС
һɺӦʬһ֮ҪԴͬҲ֪˻ǽҡ
ǰ⣬ڻŮԼܡ
ܣԼѹʱŮҹ𣬵ָ㡣
ˡ
ͬ󣬺ܾδķ裬һ̤ɽȥ硣
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̫̫ѯôˣ̫˵һ顣
Źⰵħ䣬һ꣬û뵽һħݺ޾ʱյĹⰵˡ
ǿⰵħıԴһ̾ϢʵѴţ
̫꣬һʱò׼ע⡣
ôⰵħǸΪѵĻ⡣
Ⱦ뢵ıԴתҲòڤֻأ̫룬ⰵıԴȥһڤڤעĵط
̫ţɾһ˼Ĵڡ
̫Ϊѡ
ôţǲܣԲ֣
ʵܷ̫Ը
԰ţ̫е飬оһ˽ܡ
ֻǹⰵıԴҲⰵ
ӦĽǱԼţ̫оԼֻһֽ
ǡ顱Եʣ˭̫λݲһء
Ļ̫ûãʼʱ԰ţںȻ֣԰źԽܡ
ţ̫ԸһĪĽɣ˵ֽ̫
мƿءˡ֮»ֲԤĵҲģһǡ
ʣѴǰ뷨ǣ
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޲TĲ֣һϯħ٣˿ֹǴơҲǺĽıҪԱΪѣѾǰһЩɶԱħȻСⰵǸҪĲ֡
ֵҲ֪Ҫ㰲ţԹⰵ˵еˡ
⻰˵꣬淽֪ԭ
ⲻϵԸȻ֪ѣǶԱⰵĲ˵㲻ȫԴģ
е⣬̫е仯ˣ׷ʣѣ㣬ʲôԭµģ
ʵǣ̫ôˣе㲻ɴˡ
ȿȡ̫һ㶣ô𣿸컯
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⣿ˣȻԭ
ǣΪԼ̫Ĳǽ
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Ӱǿ϶ģ󡣷̫˵
ѣѿ˵˵ܲ⡣
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˵а˳ɰճɾʹѶǱǿǰи򣬰ƿءںϡԤУǼޣӦûгѴľ硣
˻˵꣬һ顣
ôܣиϵľ磿
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ֵ̫ɾʹаգɳɾͳѴްգһ˿ûУǳԽ˱ߵĴڡǣ컯Ľ뵽һ˿ܣ컯ܳɾߵǰ¡
ô˵漤ʡ
˵ĽϣһûаգߵĽϣռѵϣ
˵̫꣬ҡҡͷֻԤϣܲܳұ֤
ڴǰ򵽳Ѵľ̫컯ˣ컯ɾ޼Ĳ㣬컯תߡ
ڴڼ䣬̫Ҳ컯и򣬵˵ĸˣһ˿Ը
ֱ仯ģֻҪԼһʱܸƽǣûɾ˹ⰵ顣
´˿̵̫е仯еʥĸ
ᶨΪ컯Ⱦˣ컯Ǹʥĸ
ѣ˵ģӰ޹ؽҪġֵùء
صǣ̫ҵռѵ·
ԶԱ˿̵һСӰ죬޹ؽҪ
ҲΪеСӰ죬ֻҪȫˣӰûˡţ˴ȥ磬Ԥ罫ħٵԴȥùⰵԴ磬ǿİɡ̫
һ㶣ôֲҪĸо
Ĳ԰ŹⰵԴѹⰵ磬ħٵıء
һ㣬˲㣬ǲҪš
˵ǲֲ֣ͳֲʲô
濴˿̫ϿҵĵѣҾӰʧˣû䣡
ȣ𣿿컯ǲаôĨȥӰ졣
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֮ˣ̫еĪ
Ѿ˾㰲׵ںϽģʽΪĵһԱ


926 ȫ˺
ףСˣҪȥ磿
ɽ̨ľȥķ衣
ľǰСŮӡ
ְڣʥ֪ȥԵɣľ¹졣
׼ʥʬһԲķȥ磬˵һ޽ĴڣľҪѯһ
οŮݲ򵥡
ʥˣҷһȥҷ鷳ǵȥã⣬翪ٷʱڱչأԵ𿪱ٵһش
ƣȻˣӦ֪ȥĴۣľ
ȻֻгһűԴ׼ʥȥĴۡ
һ׼ʥ޷ԲȥûӰˡ
ͳѾ̫ϵȥҪۣá
ţȥˣסĪҪ𵴡ӹıԴľȥĴš
ǡľһݣ̤ʱ֮š
ļãת󣬷̨֮ͥء
̨ǾîǾһһҹ
轵ٵһֵ̣ǾأʱǾǿѹòᡣ
֪ˣִｵ٣۵Ĳ
ԷͶӰǧ磬ɽĸҲʼ׷׵פ
ҺãΪҲ׼ʥڣˡ
Щ˺ܵ͵֪˭ĵ̣û˸ҷͽһѰһ̣ɽֶ档
ǣǿѹǾֻܹһΣһˡ
ǾǾ꽵ٵʱ֪λķԼλܡ
Һ֮ǰ˺ܿ˵꣬ġ
Ǿѯ˭öͥĴ֪
ֱӴ߲زĴ󣬲֪˵Ŀ£вʥ˵Ĵڣд˿̵ĳɾͣ벻˵İ
ֻ֪˺ΰ󣬺ǿϺҲͲ֪ˣزû˵ƺǸɻ䡣
ĵǾãһôǿġ
һŮӣǾȴ˿Ĳ
С񣬰ݼǾµ
Ǿһж棬Ǿǰɡ
С񡣡ǾһţԼ
˷һ裬Ϊ㣬¼һ°ɡ
ǣǣǣлǾµ
¼ɽĸˣΡ
費Ϊ˵ãѹѯʣ˭
ǾȻ𺳣һﰡǴԼòҲзѪôôඥ˽롣
Һø˵Ը񶼺ܺãмΪԼôС
ǺǣȤĴ󹫼߶µǾЦ
ᡪһǾһ󼹱顣
ȤĴ󹫼λԼ𣿡Ǿһ
డҾ͸ģǽƹ̨֪кö½ĸ𣿡
ڣԼˣ¼ɺλˡ

籾Դת֮أ̫ˡ
һֱת컯̫컯н
ѯʵ֪ԭǷ׳µģֻҪб仯籾Դת컯кô
ƶΪΣ컯ܲ⣬һ£û˿ĸ顣
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컯ˣԷǧۣ̫ͨ࣬ͬʱĽչȹ̴ͣǧͨδɡı仯ͨǧĴͼͣٸԪᡣ
ٸԪᣬǧҲܳˣ˵ɡ̫ҡҡͷ
ͶӰǧ磬ǧҪ磬Ҫʱ䡣
⣬Ȼ룬Ǹı켣⣬̫ûȥǧ磬ڵȡ
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ôˣʱ͸ߣ̫ʡ
컯ҡҡͷѣ綼Ҫ޼֮Ρ
ðɣ̫Ҳףֵ˴αǰΪ˹ⰵħҪУҪעһ¡
ⰵħ˵컯ڤֻضܲˣҪ컯עһ¡
޷컯˵ͷʣôš
𲻴԰ţԵɡ̫롣
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Ŷ̫һ㶣û˭컯⡰̫
̫ʣʲôݣ
㲻ϣֻǸݻıԶжϡ
ʲôԣ̫ʡ

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컯𣬶˵棬ڷųⰵıԴȥⰵԴľ
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һԵĲ׼ʥԲģֻеһԵϢ֡
Ψʥ˵ķȻأ̧ͷŸߴȻִģĿⲻĶŸ߿ա
ʱֻⰵıԴֹղŵزƺѡ
˺󡭡

ֻһŶһɽȥ
⣿̫æݣ֪컯˵ĻħĽˡ
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̫ɽʯһ鱻컯ƹɽʯһķֵ
ӣ̫һ㶡
ⰵıԴȻȫ˺ӣ⡭
ǱŰɷѱУҲУѵǹ밵͵ģ˵֮Ҳݵ棬Գ˷̵ӣ
һʱܶδ֪̫һã
ӣǽġʥ̫ɹܵôˣ˲Σħٵĵӡ
ƺһ̿ԽΪκԸԣΪǹͺڰ
Ҳ˺Ϊ˴ΪɽƬΪвĹͣΪԼ͹ҲΪ˿̹ⰵԴѡ
ǻħĽѡͬĻħԳѡԼ͹˺ǿġ
ֻһɽ˵һʯɢŹڰϢúʧ
ʯƺһ㣬仯ܴ
֮ǰϢ˲ʧһʥ˺ɻݲ
籾Դ֮ء
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࣬ʯʱ򣬲Ǳ뷨𣿡컯
̫ҡҡͷ᱾ˣ֪޺ӣһԳͺӡ˺ܴ֮ǰĶͣ޷˳Ӧƶѣû࣬ԹⰵԴѡӣܾȡ
ħԳսⰵԣӸˣѲ٣ֻҪܶ򣬽һɾ͡컯һ̾
ֵο˵𣬴Ӳзʢδħ٣Ȼˣ籾¶Ժӵƫҿ컯ǡ
ֻˡ̫ҡҡͷ
컯˵ģӸˣοԼйֵġ
Ȼˣɡ
̫֮뿪ˣǽΪѵĹⰵԴ

ɽ
ӷʣҷʲô򣿡
ӷںʹʱķ֮棬ԳĲᡰ̸ġ
̸а֪౦ôģ˷̵Ľ档
ҪŪװӷǲĵģ̸ġ
̸أȻϢ֣˰ӷĳ˼
ӷ£ԡ
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˵ͷҷ𣬵ӵȷиоղϢӸоҷʢ
Ŷӷһ㶡
ܳвϣǴ˿̷֮ͷ빲ĸоԼʥ˷ҪҪ
˵Ƿʢӷʡ
ްӷӽͲǱԴиоղŵϢҷʢ˫ֺʮ
Ҳգӷ˵ͷ
Ŀû˿ı仯ϲģҲڲء
ӷһΣҷûб뷨ӷ֣صʡ
΢΢һЦҷ𣬵ӳǷŵʱ򣬷һʱ򣬾û˿ȥǶ౦ˣ𣬵Ӵû˿赱ԽҶ౦ǰ
͹öˣӷȻͲͨ
ҷȻŹŷž𡢹ȣҲҪŵӣҲеӵĹףд˿̳ɾ͡ҷ˵Ų׼ĸķţһµ·һڷŵӹͬ͵·Ȼˣ·ΪεӾͲ̤ϣͲ·ֵ
ӷһ̾˵Ҳţ¹شɲҲӣĪҪ롣
ҷȱӲҶ롣Ϊʱõļ֤ӻԼж֤ӵķġɫˣеᶨ
ӷգӷû˵ˡ
ȲǼ٣ǼٵҲû취ܲԻٺѣ
ľͷֱˣⲻ뿴ġ
ǲѯʲ
ʵ౦Ⱒӷľᡣ
ԼĵģţΪ˷ŶϧС
һӹɡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǴҪ֤
ŵ౦ûϣˣ˿̵ķȴдϣ
ˣΪ˵õҲȫȫ
½пܻᱳѣԺԺڡ
ˡ
÷Űˣû취İģֻˡ
ţڴ˿̲ں˽ȥҪĻκأ֪ԼҪࡣ
ôǴ˿̵һ⡣
ܺãǰõϢ֣ǳ÷ŶʢĻԵ
ģ壬˵Ե
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927 컯Ԫٿ
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ڽҪĵ뷨ԵúԥҲǱΣֶͨˡ
ջǴӦˣӦԽġ
̫֮ͺ˵˹ⰵԼʥ磬زãںϽġ
ʱĽʽɾǰռ֣ʱĺģԲɾͰ벽
ʱҲתɴʱҲܾʹѣɾҡ
̫ͺһ뿪ȴסˡ
ѻ飿̫ʡ
ʵ̫Ӧó龭λۺʹǰϴѾһڣʱΪо޴ϵãѿؿ컯ԪĥһĻᡣ
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δǰ֮ǰ۵˺͹£컯ԪΣһֱںĶɡ
޾µľֹ컯ԪѳһɽһɴɽԶܿģغܶ˲֪ʲô
컯Ԫ񣬱ĥãκμƻûб仯죬úͣҵһ׻ֵķʽ
컯Ԫ˿ʼԶһЩĥʧȥá
̫Ҳûٻ컯Ԫ컯Ԫһֱǡ
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öӦŸΣ޼εĿֻ˵Ц
Ҫ޼ɣӳ֣Ҫ̫ӿ޼󷨵ȡ
˵ģֻ̫лԪ޼߲ľ磬ҪĥģҲֻǻԪ޼߲֮µġ
Ȼʥ˲ε󷨿ĥûУΪ̫һûӡ
⻹һԭε컯Ԫ䲻ʥ˿ƻġǿĥʥˣƻҪѣҪޱȵȹ̣ҪǿıԴ֧֡
̫̫ɵȥṩĥʥ˵ıԴûô
˵컯Ԫ󣬻ܿ׼ʥʥλС
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Ϊܼ򵥵飬˵̫ѡߵ˼ǲ׼ʥҪʥˡ
ʥˣ̫һ㶡
ĪԴӳֽ컯ԪֻҪĥʥ˵󷨣ԼֶΡħĵԻ󷨾СֵΪ˵õѵ֧֣ԲѱԴ۱Դ֮Ϊ컯Ԫɵ󷨡
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ǺҲʥ˸ᣬǴǰʥ˶ԿûáҲŽ̫죬ʥȴд
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Уκνʥ˵ĴܶһֻܿԼʵ
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ҲǽŷʥˡԪ޲ϳֵԭ򣬶ȴܻ
ͨķʽٽĽ
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ҶԺкôԼҲкôǾɡ
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Ͼĥʥ˵󷨡ħ־ȿ飬ҪһԽʥ˲εá
ʥ˲εģԶòʥ˲Բ󷨣ΪΣԶܲóԲ󷨡
ܲó޴ɱ󷨣ҲܲóԵĺ;ܶ󷨡
ֻ̫Уֻ̫Լġ
һеĵ
̫ӦˣܸˣʣҪʲô
ܶࡣԴУӦ֪ʥ˲ε󷨺ĥһҲһЩţҪԴ̲С̫
ϵ֪ѵ˼ǣ
̫ܼ򵥣ṩԴֱ컯Ԫڰ˲ʩչγɿաһʥ˷ɽ磬ʥ˲βɽȥʵ󷨡򾳽ĥĵģȴγɿ磬ͻǣǵǣ˵ʥ˵ֻ磬ô
̫˵ܾȣʥֻص磿ǿ
̫Ļһ󣿺
ǿϧǣֻܶԴ޽֮°޽ã׼ʥػĴ޶á
󣬵Ϊûá
̫ƵҩЧܽ׼ʥжֻصĸо
û˵ܽʥֻضĵط
ͺñȣʥֻֻҪ·ǶԵģûбħɣͿֻмȥֱʧ˱ˣγɿ
еĸ;ȴˣͺñȸһʥͬεһĸ
֪ʥ˵õԲһԼĸ߽ϼоһУôԡ
ʥһξֻкСĽСĽҪҶ˵Ǻüٵջ

̫Ļæʣѻ˵˵
ܼ򵥣ڰ˲컯Ԫ󣬾ͽһֻصУʥֻص磬Ǳ컯Ԫ˲Ҫֻ֣صĵˣǹ󷨺ĥ󷨡
̫Ľˣ׺ĽˣԼȥԡ
ĻԵ
̫ҪôҪ˵ǱСһˡ
ͬʥˡ

̫֮컯Ԫ
ӵһϣÿһ̫ϸĿ˿ܾûˡ
컯Ԫ仯ܴ󣬴ǰתڸˡ
ҪΪܿʥˣʵ̫ȫûҪ²ֵġ
Ȼˣִ̫ӵһ㿪ʼһĽ룬һĲ֣һԲ
Դ˽֧֣̫һ㶼ۣɡɵ󷨺磬̫ܣ˸ıԴøȹ̣Բ
ֻ㣬ǶӦ̫ҲεģǸеһС磬ǶӦ̫Ŀ顣
֮ϵޣһ磬Ӧػ컨Ŀ顣
ڵ߲׼ʥΣϸǰԭʼĻԪɾŲģ׼ʥоŸ磬Ӧ׼ʥΡ
˵ڰ˲ʥ˲ξûˣͬһһƬɵġ
̫һµ߲󣬿ʼԵڰ˲㣬Ҫ˵ĿĿʼá
ȣֻ̫ͨԴǿıԴ̫ۺ죬ҪǶԼԼˣܴﵽ;ͬε޼߲㡣
ðɣѣʩչγɿղõڰ˲ġ
ڰ˲㲻ʥ˾ŲľŸ磬ΪòԽ߲ԽԪһ
Ԫ޽ɵǴԪһ̫Ҫǲһ硣
һ֪硣
ֻεĿʼһػһĻᣬΪߣߣԸߣֻصʱͳ
Ϊ͡͡ԵͣôֻصʱͶ̡
ѽһһ̡
֮Ǳһ̡
˾ͱڰ˲Ƴȥ


ֻ̫׼һȣԼıԴļӳ֣̫ҲۣԲ
γɿգ
һʩչر仯
ɵ翪ʼֱ仯
乹ҪһУֻһֵҲ޾ĵΪһС
ĺֵֻҪ붼ݱͽϵĵ
Ǻ˵̫Īԭ
һ컯Ԫ̫ڶߵƿأֳء
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¡
ֻڰ˲ɵ翪ʼ仯ľɽʯ񡭡ȵȣеģˡ
ǣľֹһ
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֪ˣԼġǡжġԼڡǡƿصξС
ǵķֿеĶһԼ
ǣΪж˱Ҳջ񣬶ˣ𺦵Եʡ
ַ˼ֶΣҲ̫ˡγɿյ棬Դֲõ˱绹Ҫչ֡
ڰ˲ɾֹ̫˿
κɣ֮ǰ磬ɱ鷳ˡ
ûбԴ֧֣ʥṩ
ûʶת컯ʶ
ûѹͥѹ
ΣɶܣԴ㶨һУ̫ɡ
翪ٺ󣬽ͼˣÿ󷨣ҪںϽڰ˲Ĺ췣Ĺ
ǶζָͿ顣
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ڵھŲ̫ȥ˿һĻɣڿ޼ɵģ̫ĿǰûãǵĲΡ
ҪһҲԼõĵڰ˲̫ζ˵ܿٻԪ޼Բ

˲ã̫һֻص
·ϣ̫뵽һЦ뷨
ܲǿĵʥ˺ͻԪ޽ɣǵĺȶȡ
üͽָֻеĶȣĥ
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̫úܺЦЩⳬѵģҲԵڰ˲ܿ
һǻԺĸ׽Ϊ㲻úñ֣ͺӦ
һٺüãøǣ̫֮ˣܸʥ˽Ļֻһ
ǣŽ̫µĲ֡
ǣһֶԸüǵֶΡ



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죬̫뿪ֻ컯Ԫһŵĳɢȥһ죬ɽ硣
ֻźܾõ컯Ԫһ󣬹âɣҫɽ硣
̫ûҪѸģԺӰ죬̫վһ飬̫
Ϊ̫ߣڵı׶ˣÿܸı켣̫ҪģԺδ֪ı仯
ΪȷʺϵһĻĺ֣һȴƿȫֵĴڡ
컯Ԫ̫ı̫˺һ֣컯Ԫ˿̵ס
ɵ컯Ԫ͵ذθߣǶصĳ

ʲô𺳵ʡ
Ǻǣ˵ûʵܺü컯Ԫʱܿһ˻ش
ⲻɽ𣿾Ȼ
ǵģ컯ԪʦŴĴ˵ģʦżУܾǰ컯Ԫĺ;磬˵˵˵ɫˡ
˵ʲôһԵʵ
˵컯ԪĻԵʧ
ǿԵأ
ǰԻԵˣԵˡЦˣʼ԰ԼĲѧ컯ԪĻԵˡ
˵꣬æѣȥ׼Եˣ
̫Ҳε飬ʶ컯Ԫı仯Ѹٵķȥ
ͬĺܶࡣ
һڸַڼʶ컯Ԫ
ʹ˵ĲһʿžŲ컯ԪϾʦţ򳤱йء
ǰʦżʮ㡣
ԣǶʮĲ㣬ǼǴˡ
ʦżصʮ㡣

ˣˣ֪ڣһСһ׼ʥεĸŭˡ
׼ʥΪĸֵһ֪СǼصĶǴǰ컯Ԫ֮ǰƷ鱦ʱļأʱΪ˿飬ǧ򻯣Ϊ͵ĺΪߵĿĲͬھŲ컯Ԫһοƽϵ׸߼кã
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ֻһɫĴ޵ƶɣɢһȴ˿»ûᣬ粩һ¡
ֻĵ˶û˵ûκ谭ĵ컯Ԫȥ
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ԣûΣգһǰ

ˡ
컯ԪŲ㣬˸Źâа˲㡣
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Լ˿̵ĳɾͣһδεΣвôСˣôˣ
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ɲεС̤ʮ׺󣬱컯Ԫȡˡ
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סԶڰ˲ʲô˵ˣЩ鲻ˡ
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Ǳûɽ磬ԵĵдҲЩ𣬿ȥɡ
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׼᲻֪ΣģҶģȵȥˡ

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λ˶ֲ֪٣λοɸұһȣ࣬˭һ˭׳鱦ǰôЦĿ͵ۿ
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ˡϵʥȫˡ


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̫һҪţû⣬ֻǸԵ¶ʣһսģҲһˣ̫һ
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ǿ֪ĺԵúܼͬͬļ
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û˽̵״̬˿˶һ£ûйֻܱɱɵġޡ
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929 ʥVSԪ
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ʥˣȣ桢ĺˣһˣʼԼ֤
ʥ˲εĶͿ飬ʮԪᡣ
ҲʱǲһģһһԪᣬһԪһꡣ
Ƚѹ˰ٸԪᣬǲŸս롣
ڰٸԪʱ˾޴Σڸ˲Сˡ
䡪һСˡ
ҪʵУѾ군ˣǲҲͱסԪ񣬵Ϊ;籬ըʧˡ
ҴˣˣżˡһľҿʵԼ군ˡ
һûֻ꣬Ǳ۳ˣһһģһĵˡ
Ͷſھ͵Ҳ
͵һ֪ˣԼ֤ʧһΣҪٱԼһģһĵ˻ܣԼ˴εĻԵҲ͵˽ˡ
Լǻ֤ĻᣬҪǰ⿴ƱԼǿĵˡ
ԼղʧڻԪ޽ɵ㣬˾ǻԪɵ㾳硣
ǿҲǻԵԼʧһгɿգĲԲľ뿪ҲջСϾԼսʱ̣ҲĲȹ̡
ԼҪӮˣͨսʤԼһģһĵˣӶľ磬ԼܴﵽԪ޽ɵľ硣
һ֤ʱʱԼҪٵĿ飬ǻԪ޽ɵġԼ
ǰĵһҪսʤ
Ȼ㣬ԼղŵʧܲûջֻҪͨ˵Ľ֣Լ㾳硣
ϻ˵ְɡˣҲԥһģһĵ˵á֣Լ͵ʦѧա
ſˡ
ɵأ
˹Ȼһ㶼ûԥǿͨ
֪֪׵Ľ֣һģһĽ֣ܿķԼȱݡ

ǻۣʼ˺ǰ˵
ġԼǿǻ۲Ψһŵ㣬ֻҪս;򾳽㣬ͨǺ;磬ǰֻ㾳磬ȴǻ۵ļһ
ң㾳ʩչܲܣһ㣬Ǵ󾳽Խ̫ˡ
һ̾
ԼսʤˣԼ£սʤԼǵ߲㣬ԽĲΣܾԼʧܵʱ̡
һԼ˴ջҲǴﵽԪľ磬߲㲻ָˡ
Լôѣ㵽߲޴ԽġԼɱԼ
棬Ѿǳսɡ
ڽһԪᣬһꡣ
;ƿݣüһξ޴Σǰ㡣
֮ǰΪͲһ㣬һŴսһԪᣬ̫ˡ
˿ҺԼӮˡ
㾳󣬼ԼǻۣսʤԼĵˣһԼ
ƽĸ˺ܾãȵ˫ۡ
֮ǰѣԼսʱֻлԪ޵Ĳľ磬ڵˣǴ˴εĽ
οԼĻԵûԼʱܵĿ顣
ˣ´֤СʱҪأһ籼һЩսʤ˵ĵˡ
ؼǻԼһģһɶһԼʵսʤʥˣҲеգϾԼߵĵ̣նħľĻۡ
ǣԼսʤġԼҲЩˡ
һоԼÿ£
һǱνĵڰ˲УʵġǣʵԪ޽ɾ˵ˡ
塢ۿȣԼҲһսʤԼĿ顣ǣսʤĲǾĿ飬ʬһʧܵĿ顣
ӣʥ߲ʵԪʼͨʥԲʵ
ǰʥΪţʩչʥ߲ʵʵľ磬ҲͻԪ޽㣬ࡣ
ʥ˵ʵǽΰ塢ȣǳ˺ҲͻԪ޽ľΪ
컯ԪеƫģľǻԪ޽ʵľΪʥֽĺСƫ
塢ۿҲɵǿǱŸʬһģǰ㱼žˡ
кʥ˵ҪʵȴҪ
ʵΰǲʥԲʥ˺ڵʵѾ޿ɽ
ʵǲҪ
Ψо磬Ψи
ǶҪģʬһҪǶɹ˾ܳ³ʵ½ҲĸԸ
ʥûСģô׳
˵˲ĥʥ˲Ѻá
ҲҲѺãҲ⡣ʬԲʬһǳȡԪǳԪеĺ
Ƕķ
ʬһѣʬһʧˣͬСˡ
Һã˾սʤ˶֣һԼǿ㣬ûгʬһġԼ
ԼһĵˣԼķʬһĸӮ˽ĸټսȥ
Ȼ׺֮ǰ鲻һʱ̣Ѿףǰ˭ȥǸЦˡ
Ϊ鲻һģģǰ׼ʥĿ顣
ڰ˲㣬˵׼ʥһˣǻԪ޽ɺʥ˵Ŀ鶼һ



930 ޵һˣ
ʱơ
컯Ԫڿǧ̫ҽɲΣѾȫ
Ѿ˵ж룬̫֮֮µģ̫ҽɲΣȻĥǡ
̫ҵɲε˵ø˾ͽĥþԶģֻ˵ûлԵ
ֻд޲Ρʥ˲ΣεǣǲǴ˴̫ͺҪĥ顣
ǧܸϵɡ̫ҽɣһĥ󡭡
죡
ֻһ̫Բ飬컯ԪƳ˳
һ
ֻһ㣬Ӧɡ̫ҽɲε컯ԪɢĹâ
鿿ʱ򣬲룬ǿų֮
⣿
һ㡪رˡ
ôƶոոϵȻرˣֻһոϵĽɲĵ
䲻ƶ·ǧ꣬ڸϵˣȴˣ

Щ컯ԪԶ֪컯ԪѸٵĸǻǧ꣬ڸϵһ̣Ѿˡ
кܶոϵɡ̫ҽɺܲģȻˡ

Һƶ꣬ӽɳڣﵽ˽ڣ˰
һĥ飬źܶոͽûнĥĵѸ̾
˵ƶˣ̫ҽɺ̫Բ޲βԶˣҿĲԶƶٶͨ˵ãŸˡҲգȻȥȹ̾ɣˣôûõģָЩĵĻᱨƶ߰ɡһϵģĵ뵽

γĶԱȡ
Ѿ飬ܴǳģиոȴġ
Χ컯ԪΧģһǸĥģһǸոϵ
ܶĥɵѾȥչˡ
ԱûоģһЩմڳģеˣǴ뿪ˡ
ú󡭡
һ㣬Ӧɡ̫ҲεĿѾ󣬻вѾ;еһա
ԶΪͣʧ˴˴ε컯

ʱһĻˡ
¡
ֻ컯Ԫһأɽ硣
컯ԪΧһ£ֻ컯Ԫ͵طɸߡ
֮Ϸȥ
գۼ䣬֮Ϸһտ֮أɣ
Ѵ˵صŵòᣬϷǷһĵ̡
Ȼ۹һۿ
ⲻ컯Ԫ𣿡
ǰ컯ԪڶôϷ
λǿ컯Ԫһֹâ˸ˣ˵Ӧ̫ҵĲѾرˣֿˡ
ףǣƶΪԶ֪Ըϵûȥѵ˵컯ԪΪЩΪСģӶɵϷ
λڲˣǻԵԵԶϲ컯ԪԼˣȥԡ
ԡԡԣǻԵԵ

ɽܴ󣬶ϡ˵ġ
컯Ԫǧ䣬ĵģһ룬Ŀ顣
ЩûϵģǶܱߵģλȥġ
Ϸ˵̫ҲôʱеǴΪֻҪû޻ģҲǧ䣬һɵһ
컯Ԫĺܹ㣬ľ˿ģҲͶ飬Ľͼʡ
һ̣û뵽컯ԪӶϷ
Ϸһʱ𾪣Ƕ鶼𾪣컯ԪӶȥϷˣ
ǰʱ䣬ˡ
Ϣдܱȸ˷п죬䣬ϣɽ磬Ѿȫ֪컯Ԫ档
ܶ˿ʼˣ컯ԪȥϷֻǵһĿĵأǧϷ컯Ԫ̫ҽɵĿ飬ȻϷ
֮ǧꡭٵǧٻص
컯ԪᶫϡÿطῪɡ̫ҽǧʱ䣬СһԵ
ȻʱǾŰꡣ
Ϸ컯ԪƳɡ̫ҲεһĹâʧˡ
Ϸĵﱾߣȴ컯Ԫǧ꣬Ϊһʥء
ˡ
컯Ԫʼʼķɸߡ
Ȼˣƶ¶ˡ˷ܵ
ȥˣĵѻԵˡ
ǰϡķڶؽ컯Ԫȥˡ


ֻŹâβͣ컯ԪʧϷָ֮ɽ
ɽһĵֻۿȥΧܶѾڴ˵ؾۼ鲻֪
컯Ԫˡ
ʱţһ컯ԪѾȥǧꡣ
ڶϡתһȦ컯Ԫ˶һֱĵط
ǧ䣬ģϡɵУ˻ԵĿ顣
Ȳ˵Ϊ߻ûгĴڣǴµ飬ǧЧһĿȻ
Ľһըڼ䡣
ЧõǶΪĥʱԶ
飬ٵĶС
֮ǰΪںС磬Ľ˱ڵǰأ컯ԪĽ˿쳵
ǧ˲ţ̫ͺ۵ǧꡣ
컯Ԫصʱ򣬺ŵѹ
̫΢΢һЦԼ˵컯Ԫ氡
ԼȻƳôһ
ǧܵķĳĳݺˣ컯Ԫ棬ڿ
̹ŵģԼУǱϾԼơ
컯ԪԼƵģԼ֣֮ı仯̫ο
˴ι󣬺Ľ쳵ǿپһĥѣĽ벽㳬ѵĻҲˡ̫˵
ƣƺƽ˲ڵȵˡ
ܾǰ̫ͶԼ˵һ졣
û뵽ô죬̫İ£ֻҪپһδ٣ںСúĽ벽
ʱԼͽˡ

һߣ
컯ԪУۼ˼߳ɽϵ飬ж٣־
˵˿̺ĵľڡ
ǧĥӦϵĴ޲˵Ѿһޡ
ԻúͿ飬ʱᱻɱ̭
ҲǴ˿̣ջʱ̣жһǶһĽƴš
Ȼ깫ĴԲ˵ڻġ
ǹ³ɾʹޣȫƷĳɾͣû˿ĿǰҪľ׼ʥնħ
նȥһħȻ׼ʥĲΡ
ǧĿĥѣ˵磬ǶԡԤĸѾڡ
šڡڡԲڵʱֻţ˿ڡ
ԤڣӦնȥħҲ˵ԡԤ츳
緽δﵽ׼ʥնȥħԡԤĲѾնȥħΡ
깫⣬ԤڣʼݸﵽҲ׼ʥ
컯Ԫڣʥ˵ڰ˲㣬һԪᣨʮǧ꣩һꡣ
׼ʥ߲㣬һᣨһ˰꣩һꡣ
޽ɵ㣬Բ죨һǧʮ꣩һꡣ
ǧ꣬Ӧ޽˵ʮǧꡣ
ʮĲĥ깫ĽҪ
ں󣬶һһ磬ͺ꯷ֿˣ깫ǸϲֵˣԼʮء
ʱţ컯ԪԲΪԼΪԼʦţ깫ֵ
˵Ĳ˵ǰʮǰٵģܵľӶ˲ʢ
ڴڼ䣬깫˺ܶ࣬ǰ㿼µĸָ㡣
깫ԼĳʦŲ֮⣬Լĸˡ
Ҳк˽հԼķɡ
ڴ㣬ǹꡣ
磬꾪춯ء
޲εģڿʼŲסˡ
ٶǴڣ컯ԪתһȦع鶫󣬿ʼ½½ģгŲסĴʧܱƳ
֮ǰһ˵УҲС
ųģЦųģ߻ԱƳģ֮ǰһ̻ھµĻħԼ˶֪Ƴ󣬻ΪУʲôĶС
ʦʦˣˡ
ĪЦĪЦˣˡ
ѣѣѣѰ
ֻһڿ޵Ĵʿ͵ؾѣ߾Ҫɱ㡣
ѣҰң
㣿

̬컯Ԫܱݡ
Ƴ޴Цģʼ˸оЦԽԽҲûЦˡ
̬ٳǴ޸ˣһ￴ֵĲ˼ԼЩǰء
Ǵǧꡪǧꡣ
꣬ռڴ޲Ĵ޽ڣˡ
ǧǴڵļޡ
Ȼ⿪ʼĶǴ޺ڡ
ǧꡪǧŰڼ䣬İ꣬óͬǴ޺ڣҲر
ֵİ꣬Ϊ޺ڵĻõ㣬ʵܲпĸˣˡ
һ̬ЦԷǵĶС
Եıȴڻ࣬ԽΪߣԽǱݲС
ǣ޺ڵûг
￴óڽˣǴԲ
ǧŰʮ꣬꯳ˣʱֳ׻ꪣ׷֮ۿһգһЩΧֵ
ѾǵһˣѾкüĴԲʿ仹ڴսУһΧùĲ١
ѺΪ͵Ķˡ
ֻд󵨲ģںԶſ
꯾ˣںԻóһ뢴սԻеľնɱ˶֪׷ۿű˳Щɲһ
ҺǰгԿģҪǲǰûԿʱΧۿ֣ܸղһ׷۾һ
꯳һۣ֪꯵֪˵һĽ
սǣǺ˲ź󡭡˲ˡ
һ˳޲εһĽ;֡
˳󣬴Ĺâʧˣ˵ûˣǴǿġ
깫ѣ˷ܵغ
㣿깫һ㱣մԻûӦ
ꯣˡ
ˣ깫һ㶣뵽ʲô
깫ͷ˿컯Ԫһʱ˼ӣˣԼˡ
ҡ
޲εһˣûŶˡû깫ʣԼ˵ˡ
˷ܵĻ깫˿ԼǴ޲εһˡ
⣬꯵Ļ𺳵ˣ깫
Ƿ֮ˣɢ޶Եʥ˵ˡ
󹦵£ˣ֮ʧˣû뵽ˣǴ޲εһˣǺôˡ
֮ǰĹ¶Ŀ£ôΪ޲εһˣ
ǲ֪깫֮ôܿôǡ컯֮Ԥ
깫֮ƺԻááħȱ˸ǿ
ҵһҵһ
깫һ£һЦ
صѣ
깫ѣϲɺأ
λѣ깫ѣ꯵ѣһս֮һһ֮ˣѸǴ˴εһˣŵβһˣء
깫Ҫӵģ˵һ˵Ĺά˷ܡ
һᣬһΥĻĵĹغ컯Ԫܱڣ侲˷׷ֿ컯Ԫ
׼ʥεıȽˡ


931 ܵĲԩ
컯Ԫ˴οӦ׼ʥĿʱ䡣
׼ʥļޡ
׼ʥԽ̫׼ʥڣ׼ʥԲеĲɵ׼ʥڻҪ
˴ǧ꿪ʼ׼ʥڵĲϱƳ
úܶ龪ȵǣΪ׼ʥĵ㣬׼ʥҲû١
ЦУУԵĸǺܶ࣬˾սҲ
һ̬һ龪̾ѡ
ʢᣬ꯺깫ûȥο˵ʦŻС
ѣʯʦ˵ε׼ʥθǿλʦ棬ĵĹǰǣ̫ʱڵ峤ȣ˵׼ʥԲ뿪֤һ֮ңˡ깫
ֲΣ˴ջܴѾ׼ʥľ磬úҲ׼ʥһԱ˿ʼӦ׼ʥҰ
ǰʥ˲׼ʥԲ޵СҲ˵ֵǹϲ㣬úҲ׼ʥΡ
Ǻǣ깫һЦҲǴԲͨ츳ҲԶˡ
ȷˡŵ˵δӴ޺ڴﵽ˵ĲΣֻҪܸϵ׼ʥ
˴˴ζܴ
ĬԬ飬һˣǴ޵ľ磬̫Բľ磬粽˴޾硣

ʱת˲ǧꡣ
ӵǧ꿪ʼ׼ʥڵıƳǧڱƳڰǧ׼ʥڱƳ
ǧʱѾֻʣ׼ʥԲĲˡ
κ׼ʥԲ֮µģѱ컯ԪƳ
ڵģվںĴڡ
׼ʥԲ
ʯˣʼˡ̫һè桢˵ˡġˡ
֮ҪĴڡ
֤ɾͻԪߣЩˡ
ڡ
һԻ֮أһᶨʯ
ʯ֪ԼŶˣɽϣͨޡķʽ֤
ǰһһģĻģɽʯµĸл£֮ǰпɽѾκθ춴صɽ
һĵ·ǴӻĹ
ʯ֪ϸ˵Լʦÿ顢ѡޡľˣνĴ˴ߡ
ҪʦĴڣҪ̫磬ʧڳУĪ˵޴٣һ
ԱǿλʦʦԪŮ洣Լ˺ƽ
ƽĺһȴ߳ģǳɾʥˡ
˵һ˿ĽûеĻǾ̫Υˡ
߲նеǵʦ˵Ҫǿƣõĺ;ȥƣǰĶ
ܳԽ˵ĺ;磬ħһ
Ƕ˵ҪǿʯͿ飬ǿƷƵѡ޵ȶ
޷Ǿ͵ģ̫ĵһֱѹԵƽѡ
Ųô죿ֻõĺȥֲ
ʯ֪ԼźܾãǺܾúܾˡ
׼ʥԲʵҲڵһᣬһ֤ԼĻᣬһɾͻԪ޽ɣһ֤Ļᡣ
ǧĸڰǧʱʯԼһλþϴ󣬾ﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɵĲΡ
Ҳ˵޾µĳڻ˳ɹ
ֻҪȥƾԼĻۣƾź嫵ĵ̣ԼʱԿ֤ǰ㿪֤
Լһ죬ֻû뵽ôͻȻô졣
Ԫ޽ɵľ磬׼ʥԲΪʯǴͻƺڵ߲÷Ƶ
Եһˣ׼ʥһˣĿǰΨһĿ
ʱ䣬ۻٻۣȡ֤
ʯĿǰҪġ
Ҫ˵λʦõĻ۳̶ȣû˱ȵԼʯΪ
ΪԼֿޣһнˮɵĿޣ̫ˡ
ǴﵽԪ޽ɵľۣȡ翪֤
ԼǰŻ۵Ĺһ·ģ絽Ҳͳˡ
ˣǵھǧ꣬˵ҲǷƵ
Ŀ׼ʥʱ䵽˺ԼıƳһһöˡ
ǣ
ʯ֪ǣھǧ䣬Լﵽľ硣
ҲˣһʼˣǺġ
һﵽʯһľ磬Ҳ˵ҲǻԪ޽ɵĲΣ֤첻Զˡ
һֹ
ھǧʱ򣬿顢Ҳﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɵĲΣһδ󱬷
Ҳ˵ʯ顢ʼˡˣǻԪ޽ɵľˡ
ҶһεĴڣͬ
ʯҪһˣ鷳ˣġ

˵˶ǸߵˣΪҪȡһ
Ǻйء
ʥ˲ҪʹӴ硢ʦʦܡʦ֪
ƶʥ˽ԴȪ
Ϊûʥǰһ͵Ĭһʥ˾͸ɽڣһĵģ
ΪˣΪʥ˲ҲܸĽ
һ˵ˣᳬǰʮڶܺͣ˵Ļܲϧ
ڴﵽԪ޽ɵľ󣬶˲뵽һˡ
㣬컯ԪڷƵ
˷ƵһԵھǧ꿪ʼϵ׼ʥԲıƳҸһǿߡ
ھǧúۡȡ
ǧİĸڤӵˡ
ǧ˵ˡޱˡ
ǧ߰ꡢ桢軡ףڡȡ
ھǧ˰ģԯũ桢̫һˡ
˾ǧŰ꣬ѡޱƳ
ԾǧŰڻʣµĲʮˣϸ˵ںĸ̫࣬ԺҲ֪мˡ
Ѻ֪֪ͻλ˻ûԼʦʦҲû
ޡһջС֤Ԫľ磬ֻа벽֮ң벽谭ǵͻƣ¾ǧŰ걻˳
ڵģԼͬžͻ
ǰʢ׼ʥһʱʼ˵ǲġ
ɺУ֤ˡ
֤ʼ˺ͺˣˡ
Ҳ̫£̫̫͵ˣŵΪ˭
Σ֤Ļˡ
ʦ桭꯷֣ȴʱѰʱ䣬̫Ѱˡ
Ҫѯ޺λʦ棬ǲ֪ôڣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ĪҪżλʦʦ㿴дջʦ棬֤Ԫ벽֮ңȻھǧŰ걻Ƴ֪λʦʦ㣬ǻԪ޽ɵľ硣Ц
Ϊλʦʦ㿪ģҲߵһˡ
⻰˵꣬ÿɲ꯺깫
ųȻ⣬˶ڼ˵ûһǵ˵ĹϵǺ׽Ĺϵ
ĿǰŮʥ˻пʱ򣬼ĸ߲㶼ŮߣŮĽ͡
Ȼة࣬塢λϡԼʴ׵ȣ޵Ļ󣬸ɫһ
ʱѵҿһ£ʯʦ֡ʦ㡢ʦ֣Լ峤ʼˡԼŵͻλѶû˿ǱҪǿܶ࣬ѴԪ޽ɡ
ѵĻ˵꣬塢Ǿϲ
סˣԼȣɫÿô˵ͷҪһʥսˣ
ãܲð
л𣬴ҲҪԼţлаˣռϲɺءةǸϼ޻ͨʷ֤
ѵĻּĿˡ
ǲõ
λ治ڣԼҪеʸ֮ġ
ȴˣλţ֮ǰ깫޵һˣҲҪһ¡ţ컯ԪæķˣҲ˵
Ҳ÷Ϊʸ֮ġ
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ԼҪ֡
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ڡ
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֮ĽǧԪᣬһֱڶԻԪ޽ɵ߲㷢̣ʼİǧԪȫڸۣĻۡ
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֪üĸ࣬С̬İݼЩ֪üģۡ
ü˭ƺСһ
ôüϼһ˭

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ôҾ˵ˣ㡢ѪԵȳˣˣüǰܽ޿ɽͨҲˣ˵ôͨʵ
һЦͨҲɵԼΪʧܣΪ㲫һѣʧˡ
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þҪںϺģʱ򣬱˵߲㣬ǰ˲;Ų㶼ס
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ͻҪһʥˡ
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ڸղ겻ã뿪ʼת
Ȼһʧˡ
˷֣ڳԪĶ治һ֤ǿҡ
֤Ȼʧˣջľ飬ԼԪĶĶࡣ
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˶е죬˭˭ǿǲҪˣøΪ顣
⣬˵ľ絽˻Ԫ޽ɺһ󳩿ĴСЦǰơ
ͷҪʥսˣ
磬ʧˡīΪ
ܲ£㵱̫أҪˣ㲻㡣ʼˡһ磬ѾﵽԪ޽ɾ硣
վ˲˵㣬ҪԶԶǿˡīε
޷ģûôأʥ֮ԶûߣǶķˣԼ̵ĽˡȻ˵ˣҡҡͷ
īһˣǻܣʥ˵ܴ粻˵ȻԼͱˡ
ī㱨˴ǰʧüˣһû뵽ԼںüЩǰҲˡ
üǰܴﵽһ˼ľ磬ô˵ڵĲǺĵʥˣлеˡ
ʱڣֻʣˣīģһǷˣһӣһǽ
УȳľȻǷˡ
ˡ
ֻһ˫ɺķ˳ˣһĻڳʥ˿
龳Ǻ͡һԼսʧܺӣʱҲˡ
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˵ʬһҪԴͬɾǱԴͬ˵Ҳѵģͺðˡ
˳ʥŶã뵽ԪӺŮ洣䲻֪Ů洺Ԫôﵽģ
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ʼ˾Լ۵ĲȻǾֻ֤
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÷˸еɻˣ˵Ӧõġ
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ΪԼʧܵԭʵľ粻
ԼʥԲսʵľʵԼʥ˺ֻлԪ޽ľ磬Ϊ
ԪӺŮܳɹƺ˶ǻԪ޽塢ľ磬ںС󣬴ﵽ߲㾳硣
뵽ԼҪʬһܵʥ˵ʵҪ֤Լ󣬻Ԫ޽ɵʵ
ʬһܳɹı׼Լվʥ˲˺ܶ࣬˲ܴ
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˫Ŀɺ˲֪Լˣʧˡ
ûʥԼĿ⣬Ҳûʥ˿ģ
ѾԪӺŮ洡
һԪ޽߲㶥ľˣŶãںСʱ߲㣬ڲŶѾ߳ɶˡ
֤˲ʧܣԴﵽ߲Բ
һƺ϶ˣʥҪʬһҪԪͺԼһʬԪߺһҪԪ޽ľ硣
ǳɾԪӺŮΨһ;Լƺˡ
Ŀ˿ˣԪӺŮҲ˵ͷƺһжڲС
һĻְʥ˿Ĳʲô˼ѵ֪Լ֪飿
ԪӺŮʲô˼ѵڿ϶˵ĳɾͣ˵ͷ˴˹ʶ
ܸӣʥ޽⡣
ڣӴʱóˣһ¶ڻԪڴ˺ܾãһûɹ
Ƿ˵Ĺעˣӣľ磬ȥʱʲôʱʲô˿
һƫˣʬһʧˣƺֻעʬһˣ˸Ԫ޽ʵľ硣
ֻҪһʥ˻벻ԼʱȣοԼǶʬ֮ͬһԴ

īǽûһˡ
ʬ֮ҲͬԴͬĳʥʧˣϣҲʧܡ
Ψ˷ƵģƺһУӦҲʥ˵ΪʬһҪʵĻԪ޽ɾ粻Ҫ
ǵýȥʱֻлԪ޽Ĳľ磬ӻͣܳɹ
Ȼ
ʵü桢ĺЩϼһ⣬еĺʥˣʵĻԪ޽ɾΪձ鲻ߡ
ߵѣ롢ˣҲ㣬ʥսǺھԲ
ͿĳĳҪ
ʥҪǳǵʵչüǲԶˡ
һ·ʥ˺üһߡ
üһһߵġ
ʥڵõ˺˽ţ˲˽ݾԽһһߵġ
ɵǷ֣мޣʹﵽ˼ޡ
һһߵģͨŬ׷
ʥǿʼˣȥÿмޣȻûмޡ
ȡš
ǲ֪ſɲǴӽŵļ޿ʼǰǴӽŵͷϿʼߡ
һһģеĿʼȣеĺȡ
ͷȵĲȣֻȣӮҡ
˺ڵĶԱȾʥսǿ󣬵ͷˣôš
üûϹţȴߵ̤ʵ
ʥУĿǰΪֹΨŵģԪӺŮ洡
Ҫиʦ𣬿ҲûŵʱҲʥһڿ
Ǵ˿̷뵽ģձʵΪֻлԪ޽ʥ˵Ҫʬһܡ
ˣʥˣԽһûС
ӹ׺ջйײջ񣬲ȶģ֪ܲջ
Ҳһջģõʱ򸶳˳ʥˣȡʱҲҪиſɡ
ȡĸˣҵŬõʱǰ㣺ºġ
Ȼ
ǧʱ䣬ˡ
ʵ˿û仯һ֤ʬһʧܵʥˣ˲һЦ
ʥȴ˿
Ƿڵʱ䣬ڰ˲ʥ˲Σǿ˶ãǿ֤Ľȫ׼ʥ鲻һ
䡪
ˣεĿˡ
ֻ컯Ԫһâ˸Ļعƽع鵽֮ǰʱӡ
̫𣡡
ڳʥ׼ʥȣʼ̫л̫͵Ļ

һޣұ̫ߣѹ
ʥܿԪ˲Ŀ飬䱾Դֵ֧õóǵ𲻻
ֻ֧֣ԼһĻԵ

ʥˣԼԪ޽ɲˣǰ
ǣ棡
Ǻٻ̫¡
ٻǸȻǺĴ˴θԵĺ
ͻȻʥ˸û뿪Ҳɡ
һ쿪컯ԪҪ˵ȻѪǲš
ѪûҪŪôĳ棬ôɽķ飬ǲɽġ
ԱԵɺԭ򣬲ȥǵŵߵٻ
Ȼ¶ˣٻˡ
ĽһȦ˲򣬸ǴҶڵԼǵ͵ҲڵԼ
ôӰԼԥһ£˵ʱѣòˡ
ӷ𣡡Ըǿʥ˿Լɫƣֻһޡ
ӦƽʱԼû⡣ֱļᶨ֮٣ڸս˵ĺô޶ˣﱾͺͷͷӦ֡
ǣǲҪЩ˶ܵ͵ָ㣬ĸûиλǰѧϰǺô޵޺棬أԼͬͷоҳ޲С˵
λˣҷٷ޵ҲǷޡڸղţʵƶɮմ֤вȣڳơӷ𡯣ȹδƽķġȱӣһ㶼ûš
϶ͷѣͲȺ޷޷ġ
οҲû˵ٻٷǷҵޣʤӷ
Ϊ̫ġ
͵ŵһ˼
ʥҲڵġ
֮ϣǺ̫Ƶޡ
̫רޡ
߲εģٴ޽ɲεģ̫ڵĸࡣ
޽֮£ڸǺ̫ϵģ
Ҳһ̫̫Ǻ
ķָǳصһУ֮
̫ͺѡ

ʥ˵໥ָͷʥ˿ɲ⣬ûжԼ鷳
λٻǣȥɡԪӵ
Ԫɾʥ˵Ԫ޽ɵת󣬱øˣ̶ˣȡ
ԪӺңûʥ˵ľŷˡ
˼ָ˴ˣ˵һҲܱˣʦŮһˡ



935 ֤󱬷
˵ѣѿջ񣿡
ڸ;Уۿ׽ѯʷˡ
Ǻǣеջ񡣡Ц
ȻҪصˣջСۿЦţһ̾ȻˣвСջ컯ԪԵòһ
ָһۿ
ȴһأûָ㡣
㡪㣬ͬսµˣۿԵúܡ
ǲҪο壬ʡ
˵꣬ۿӣ֮ĿŷˣſźȻЦˡ
ıˡĪղűֻһ£棬ģ
˲ĵۿһͷ
ٵĶǼٵģҺ÷˿ˡ
ۿݵ֮ˣչڷܾ󣬻˵ƺЦˡ
̾˿ҺԼ˽ۿҺԼסˣȻЩۺ
Լ󷨴ܣ͵ۿǻΪصģʼղ˵㣬ղԼҪǼ֣˵ˡ
ۿ̽ԼڴŻԼõôǿɶ
˾˰һ̾

У
кĶʥ˸һá
ϣü桢ĺ塣
ʥԪӡŮ洡ӡԪʼͨ졢׼ᡣ
Ŷʥľ
ʥ롢ۿ
Լõģˣ⻹д˴컯ԪУǻԪ޽ɾģʼˡġʯ񡢿飡
̫ͺǶʮˡ
⣬ԪӴºڱչУ˴컯Ԫˡ
ȺͺǶʮ˸ʥ˺͡׼ʥˡ
Ĵ߸ʥˣĵ׳ݱ䣬Ѿﵽ˴˿̵
Ǻ׳һ֣صʥ˸ˣһܸ࣬ʥ˺ͻԪ޽ɵٶȣϺĵ׳
һΣˣԼʥһá
ֻ
˴컯ԪʵΪĽһ׳󣬸ȵһλԵ컯˵ȶ֪еĺô
˵˵ͷ
ô̫ˣҪǶ༸ֻ֤ᣬزתˣʬһʥˣԼԪ޽ɣ١
Ǵ˴ĥıԴǺļӳ֣ٴνĥҪӦĹ͡
Ǻټǵԭ
˵йİɣֻҪ㹦ʹ󣬾ȥĥ
⻰˵ꡭ
ڵü̫ˣ˲ŵ໥
ʣģǻԪ޻ʥ˶ܳԾ
Ǹٶ࣬Ҳֵð
ʥ˺Ķ
ټΪ£ܼ򵥵˼𺳺ܴ
֮󡭡
ų˼ȥʥȥչˡ
˴ջܴץչءҪ֤ԪģҲʼ׼֤Ԫˡ
ʱȥ˰ꡣ
죬һʥɨġ
컯ԪĥĶ֪ʼˣʥ˱ڡ
˸ʥ֮ʱ͵һ㶣
ΪˣǶ紦ׯۡ
ȵʥˣ
Ȼʥˣ
ǵ£

û뵽û֤죬ȴʥˡ

ӡ̵ȣ̳мʦԪʥ²ճʥɾ֮̽λӻ֮飬˫һȡ
¡
ȵԣ̳Ԫӵ²Ǽ̳˺̳Ԫ̽λӡ
û̽λӣҪʥеѣ̵˼ӳ֡
ֻ콵¹ඥʽȽϣɾʥ˹λ
Ȱݼʥˡ
ݼʥˡ
ʥ˴еҪԣ֤Ԫ޽Ҫǿ
֤Ԫ޽ɸɣԶе䶯ѡ
ʥȴǷʥ˶Ҫ¹ġ
Ϊһʥ˴е
ȳʥʥ˺ü֮꣬˼Ͳ
ԽԽǿŬͻᱻ̭
Ϻ̫磡
ݷ̫
ʲôû֪Ϣƣʥ˴뿪ġ
ǽ꣬ȶʥİ󡭡
죡
ѸģԸǣСںϺġ
Ϣȿ֤Ҫ𺳣
ֻǸ߲ĺ䶯ΪСģѹ֪ô¡
ֻУüˣ̫ҲڣɫĿľٶ
Ǻܲ⣬Ϊѵ̫ѵ뷨
ǲΪĲ
üѣָ̣ʵ
֪̫̫ҲԼˣʽҪںϷ򣬳ɾ޼ɵü
ûУûСüҡҡͷҺǲһλҲΪѣƶ㣬ɾ޼˵١
𣿡뵽ȴĬû˵
ԽԽˣΪ
üѣƺﵽԪ޼ɺ֮ǰᶨ뷨Ҳˡ
֮ǰǼᶨĲںϺģڣȻԼ˵һȣȳɾ޼˵

üΪγ˱仯
ԭܼ򵥣Դ컯Ԫһ̫ĶԻ

üʣ̫ѣƶԪ޼ɣѶƶãƶҪԴ֪ѿɷһƶ˵ս˺ܶС磬˲ٱԴ
޼ɣںϷľ磬Ѿûô
ȻҲǱԴɢģ۳ɱԴǾ鷳ˣܻ
дۣޱȵĻۡ
̫ûΪ̫
ĽʼǴСͺõԴ
üʣ̫ȴһЦ˵һ䣺üǱ𿴲㣬ǱֻɹһΣһԼķȥһС籾ԴսǱƿص磬ǴκΣգΣա֮뿪ˣǲóģóǺ㿴ˣͺĺС磬С֣Ȼͺķֺôб㣬ҲͺĺȻҺȥɨϰΣյıԴʶóĺ

仰̫˵꣬üû˼ȥŭ̫ԼΪ̫˵ʵ
̫СʶΣ֣ԼòƸΣհһ
ԪӡŮ洡ȣΪĸԸںϽģһüȫˡ
иʦ֪δôȷһɶһȡδͺһ塣
üȻûģʣ˺ؾ᲻һɣ
̫˵ˣǣȷ治һҪףʮɵΣ𵽵ΣһͺĺܼΣǾųɾš
̫ʣüѣҸô
ü
ʱһɥüԹһ䣺̫ѣΪε粻ƶ˵أ
⻰̫ˣ̫ϲǱһ֤Ԫ֤Ԫû뿪ģǶ۲ʹ
һģҪȥĻ磬Һ£
οʱҲֻ֪˵áô˱Ĵ
˵ļǵñ˵ܶεġĺҪĶҪ𣿡
仰˵˺ܶΣƺһֱûҪ˺ڴˣ
ôĶдһ̣úߣ𣿡

üһΣԼʧˡ
Ī֣ƶ˼ƶĴüæǸȷԼһʱ䲻ƽˡ

ǴζԻüˣòᶨںϺûôᶨˡ
棡
ֻΪɢǣſٵźĶȥ
ˡ
ںϵɲǣһ򣬾ֱԪ޽߲㡣
һֹʮɽ֮أֶһС磬硣
Ů洺Ԫӵ硣
ɵĿռʹ˿ıԵøԵñԴӵǿҡ
ȹںϵһ̣ľﵽ˰˲㣬ΪҲںϽǴףΪﵽ˻Ԫ޽߲㡣
˲㣬Ϊ߲㣬ڻУüǵҲͰ˲ľ磬Ϊѡ
һϣԽ˵ˣ˻ϵĵڶˡ
⣬ûлˣ˻ͷӴҲǺĵһԱ
κģ޾
ΪףС
ǹҲջศɵġ
̫ͻϼ֤ںϺġ
ӳѺģֱںϺģһֻء
ǹ˰꣡
ʯ֤ˣȡʯ֤죬̫ͼ̹ᦡٴξۼ
ҪĦľȥžôʹ졣
׼ʥȻֲʹš
컯Ԫûã֤ġ
ȥɻʧСֻŴǰ컯Ԫеջ񣬼ȥйĦ
ʯ֤˳ۺܳ㣬Ϊ˳ɵС硣
һεõ˹£ӵˡ
֮ʯǣСںϺģɵС硣
˳ɼںϺģ˲䣬ʯﵽĲԪ޽ɵľ磬Ԫ޽ɵΪ
ǰ꣡
鿪֤һξۼ׼ʥʾϣȲȥˣΪѲ²⣬Ӧ֤
ַ֤죬ĸϣȲȥˡ
ο֤ȥĦ٣Ҳ˳һ˳С硣
ڻۣ̫ġڿĸ
ĵɽСˣʯһ龳Ԫ޽Ĳ㣬ʵﵽ˻Ԫ޽㡣

ǰ꣡
Ȼˣ֤֮ǣģһ˳˳С磬ںϺĺ󣬾Ԫ޽Ĳ㣬ΪԪ޽㡣

̶̫꣬йϵˡ
ȡõѡ桢ʯӿ顢ȫ֤֤ʥĳʥΪһԱĳΪһԱ



936 ˵ĸһˣ
ɽ꣬ƻۡ
һΪʥʱļ䡣
ңȻûн
һ
С꿪֤ͬ컯Ԫڳģһŵ˵߲Ĵڡ
ʯ顢˵ľ飬СĿ֤˳
˳硢ںϺģɾ;Ԫ޽Ĳ㣬ΪԪ޽㡣
һʥˣʵǻԪޣͳһƺʥˣϾҲںϺĵģˣʮβʥ档
֮󡭡
ʼ˿֤ͬľ磬ͬĲΣ컯ԪĿһˡ
ڶʥս֣һʱٲȻΪһס
ʥ˴ˣʼ˵ĳɹһ˴
ꡭ
֤ʹǰһʵһ
ڶʥս֣屾Ĭϵǿһ壬ڼʵˡ
˰꣬߸µʥˣһΪһԱ档
˵ĳɾͣ׳˺ܶ࣬ȣ˶СںϽģĵõĺô
Ƕ
İУ̫硣
ֱʥˡʥˡʯʥˡʥˡʥˡ
̫ͽ̫ĵӣ̫һֱչ˵С
ڳʥԼݼʦʦ𣩡
ʥ֮𣬿ɶԱ̫ĳɾͣǲԶοǵĳɹҲǿ̫ĳɾ͡
Ȱݼʦʦ𣩡˸̫˴
²ӣͽָд˿̵ĳɾ벻̫ࡣ
ɣ̫⣬ʮ⡣
Ԫ޼ɵĽپҵջͶ
λпɽڵʱָ̫ܴ
ӣһͽʥ̫ĸӴ
˵ӳɾͶһ㣬̫һ㣬ҵһ㡣
»ǻԪ޼߲ľ磬ɽܴ󣬼Բ
ͽܡͽ󣬶̫ջ
ң׿̫ĽǵĽһܸˡ
дӺСꡣ
뵽Լջεʱʱ򡭡Ӧǵʱڣ̫Լһˡ
ʱչΪ͵ԵʣڻƯ޾ʱįͿ飬ˡ
һ̫署˺ԼӣΪԼͽĴүʦʦʦ
һеһУĿ
ǵĵǣǵһγƺԼүʦʦ𡭡
ֱǣԼػ½Ρɳÿ˵Ըһʯļ㡢İ䡢ľĻͷ衭
ٵԼĴͱǳȥĻᣬħܣԼȣǳʦɽڡ
̫һʱĺþúþõļˡ
ĵڳ̫ûмǰŮ޵ĸܣ˿ãˡ

˱ûп佱ϸϵĵһΣ˵ǲĲ
֮ޱ𣬴޽Ƕ㣬ֲȻֻ׼ʥΪ߳ɾ͡˿̣ȴ֤Ԫò˵ԼŬҪ
̫̾⼸ӵĸɾʹ޽ҡ
ҺԼθǸζǶ̥ͣǵı仯
֤ԪżԺ˵֤ԪǸ޴ż
ż˰ǲܡ
޾ԣ̫ɾΣʱ̫ЦԼڵ뷨
ϾûС˿̫Ԫ޼߲ľ磬Ȼо֤Ԫޣ޴ż컨塣
λӣԼİ̫İι׼ʥҪ֤Ԫǲܵġ
֤Ԫ޻ҪԼˡ
ʦ𣡡۾ʪˣҲидɡ
ֵ̫˵ǵڻĹţǱĵӣԵѹܴܴһ㱾֪л֮ӵʦʦãѹҺǶסˣʮԵǵ˿̣ǽܻʮ١ڲһˣ֤Ԫ޺ǳˡΪǺأ
ӱжˣ
ʦ𣬵һֱĽ̵֪Լֻ֮ˣûĶ֮ͣ˶㲻ϡǵʼռǵ˵ᶨģԶĿ꣬һһ̤ʵһǶ
ʯʥˣĨ˰ᡣǶ̫ĸлҲǶԼĸл
лԼûļ֣лԼˣлԼûѹ壬лԼһֱڳŴǰУֹ
ʦ̵˵ûɽ֮ǰˮ죬βûнݾֻмᶨûз߹ȥǷȡ飬Ŀͨ顭ǲ׵ĿģҲ̫ʱ

Ըʯļ㲻ΣĽ߰ľ֮ң
һһл̫ڵ֮Լ֮֮
֤Ԫޣǳʥ
֤Ԫ޵ĸ飬ԽԽأʥ˵֣ʥԽԽ
̫˵꣬վǰƺɵһһӵ
һСŮ״̬֪Ŀ˻ܶ࣬𺳡⡢ޣ
ȴǰɽʱ˵ǳʦˡڱͬĻĳʦˡ
Աϣ֣صĸ̫ݾߵлʦ֮
ֿ̫Сꡣ
ǵãǱһɺ߽𣬼δδ㣬Ҳʮˣʱúܿ죬𻹼ǵѹ̫ǣƣԱ𲻾仹СȴΪ˱֮βս塭Χֻ𡭡Ҳˡ
ء
˵һú棬ʮβʥһʥˣ޵滨ġ
Һ֮С֮ҵûûеûС꣬ûҺյİҺسŵʱ̲ԺĶͣ٣Ҳһ˿𾴵
Сűģ˵顣
̫ȴһЦˣˡֻԵˣûб𣬿ûС꣬Ǿڣ
̫һ·ı̫ˣɾҲ̫ˣԼĸıõһƹеˡ
ôã̫ӽԪ޼ɲףþ棬þʵĸܡ
ܣԼԽԽǿʱΨһеԼڼֵ֤
̫ҲżãҲһһСʧ
ԼΪ̫ʲôڵļֵ
޼ɲ㼶ںϷɵãʧأ
̫ҲԻֻԻû˸𰸣û˸ָ㡣
ʱģ֣ܽ桢ҡ
ġ桱ĸܣ֤ڣںϷԼںûˡ
ҵġҡʵ֤ԼڣԼ޸ʶķ
ġǵģڷ㣬ģ׷ѰĵߣγǸŵߣ֤ǵ桢ң
ܣֻһ㣬ܳںϷԪ޼Բʱӷ򳤺ɾ
Ĳǿ󣬵Ĳȹ̣ǲҪںϷɵΪá
ΪһС㳹ں˷ȴʧȥ˵ģᱻͬڵġ顱ûˡ
ںϽĳУ˴Ӻ˳̤ϺӰЦ˻ˣе߲ˡ
ʵ̫Σ޼ҪĵطԴҪͨҲҪӳĵľҪ
޼ԷֿһޣһǼ
ʧ񱻷ͬ
Ǽ޵ľͷѷӣˣǵ
˿̣
ǵĳɾͣ󱲵ĳɾͣССĻϲ㣬̫оԼʵнԭ

ȣ̰˵㡣
̫Ҳû취ʥݾںϣչе۵ġ
û֤Ԫʵ
ֻ̫ܲ˵һ䡣
ԭ̫ˣֻ̫Լ˵һ仰Եʡ
ΪԼĴڣǵżȻԱɵ
ԼҲΪԵʡ
ԼʦԪʦҲǵİš
˵ˣһܲʤǧ
ܵõ̫Ŀ϶ȾãԼû֮
ͽʦ鲻ǣͽｫһʦʧͽһع֤Ԫ޳ȡͽʦϸ
־һ졣̫ȵԴһࡣ
ʥ˾㲻ã̫޸顣
ȺȤ֪Լʥˣûʯô桱
ġʹޡʥ˱ʾҲ
˵Լ֤Ԫңȡع˱ңеʥʱø顰һ١ʦϸ
־ҲȤʥˣ̫һЦ
Ц˵ĻʯˣԼС궼Цˣ͸顣
˺󡭡
û̫ܾãһʱˡ
ΪԤУҪݷʦʦĲͱˣȥȹһ¾Ϊɡ
Ȼúʼٳǰݷãл̫Ķ͡
ڶ͵ɶ
Ȼǲǰ̫ϣ֤ʱʹÿ
̫ûܾȻӦˡ
ʼٳֵˣҲǸл̫¿֤
ߺһˣԪӺŮ洡
֤Ԫûãֵѱ
ѱ̫ȥ˻Уմӻûãֿ컯Ԫĥ
ĥɣʥʥ˱ʱ
˻һֱûݼ̫ڰˣˡ

ԪӣŮ洣ݼʦ𡣡˹
һͷԡһ񾲿ɰ
̫Цˣ룺ͽֻˡ



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ӷҷŻԵѵֻͳ
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ֻǰι£ûץסΣĲȻԴͷ
𷨶καʥ赲ȴҲڶ˷ŵннҪ׳ˡ
ݵ˷̶ʢĶǰһλзԶ𣬾ǧȡ澭󣬷ڶ׳˾ǷŴﵽʢƻ
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һ¾ʯҪٿأȴʯƺܵӻǿУֻܻͼ֮
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ǷʢĻᣬͬҲԼһλᡣ
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ӷúⲻԼʹ
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˵Ĳǰ˵ģҷŵȷ׳ʢֻһԸѣİźϸΨ粻һҶҪƻ׾١ӷ
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Ϊļƻĺܲأû뵽ô©
ҷˣǻᱻ˵Բеģǲ޹ʳƻ֪شƣУǶ
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ӷʣ˵ǣƶɮҲ֪شƣ²Բ֣ƺͲ֣Ͳֿܵġ
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ҷ𣬵ǲƻƻĸԸǡЦ
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һ٣ʵҷҪ壬ҷŲĵʢֹ
һֹҡӷһļᶨ͵ػһɫе԰ףңҡһߡ
ӷˣ˼ˡ
ʢתʢΪ˥һ죬ûʢ
ʱû۹⣬ֻƴֹ
įʥ𡭡߲㶼һʢԶʢ
ʢһ˼ҪתʢΪ˥ˡ
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ȵ˳˵ϣʢΪʢ˥䡣
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ˣһ˫ʥҷʢʱгǰ۹⣬˥ܵһ졣ûз;Ĳ֣һĻᣬ˿̡
ҷǵʢǵ˥ܣǵһһֻءҷҪʢͲɱĻ˥ܵһ졣ֻǰ㣬Ұġ
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Ĳиŵ㣬ǲҲѣ˵ʵ
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ľ̾Ϣǲ֪β֣
Ҳգ֪˻ʧȥϲĸܣʥ㣨ĲᣩҾϲ



938 
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һңѵ֪ľʥ˴칧ʱ
ĲһҲ׼ʥԲĲΡ
Ĳ棬һֻׯ£ͷӷ֣ŲȽƺƵ
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룬˵ȣ֪Ĳɽ磬Ҫȥݷ̫ҲĲ᲻ڡ
ݷ̨̫ϢһпĲ᲻˳۵ҲĲȥݷ̫·Ϊ
ʥ˴ǣʼ˼ĲΪ
һȥڶȥͨȥ̫ݷ̫Եúܿ⣬Ҳ˵ĺġ
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ɵһôأŪ԰ڣһֲͬǻۡ
ЩΪУΪĲ죬һ˿˷𷨵ĸ
һһݣһɽһˮƺĲֵѧϰ;档
Ȼɣ컯翴ͭϵĴţĲᶼפޡ
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ٷƶɮǳǳ
Ĭ޺ͷţһ·ϸ̫硣
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ţĲһЦɣƶɮֻǺ嫵ʱͬиĵǧ򻯣ʷ׳ʡ˿̣ŵ޿ɺ˺ܶɫʡƶɮһֱΪһһϣΪʦ
ǺǡЦЦû˵ĲĻ˺ܶýӻ
ʲôͬʾŶ󲻺ãӦվ
ʲôһģӿ̳Ǳʾſ̰岻ͨ
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ܶݡ
͸ŵģΪԼ֮һֱأһֱܸţΪԼûҰģôԼ͸ô
԰ôʥôԼҲ룬װɵǴǻۡ
ͲĲһЦҲûָ˵졣
ϸϲ˵ġ
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ԼԵ𲻸˵ģͨ족
Ҳˣһ仰Ҳ˵ˣԼôҲˡ
ˣĲԲΪ֣ȥݷ̫

ǰŵĲϤԪʥ˺Ůʥˣ㡰ʥˡʥˣȥ仯ܴʥˡ
ԪӺŮ洣Գɹ֤󣬱һģһعĸоûʥˡܡϺͿ̰塣
ܾúܾǰԪӣеͷԣܾúܾǰŮ洣е񾲿ɰ
̫ߣź̫صǸʱ
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һʥ̽Ҳûˣ
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ûʥĸû̽Σ˷˺Ⱥ˷ֵʥ˵̫ú󣬻ںá

ĲݼԪʥˣݼŮʥˡ
ŶСһﵹͣȻ˷̵Ľ˵ЩֵĻЩֵΪչ뷨ôѧأľʦִ˵ͷ̲һôûǷ̵ĵСԪӵ
Ĳˣ⻹ԼĵһʥԪʥ
ô
ʦ֣еСչʾԼ뷨޳ܵļһֻᱳ֣
ŮĲỺһ£ĩһЦЦĲæɫգղɫ


ĲӣԪӺŮһЦ
ⲻǵһԼ֤Ԫı󣬴Ӷʧ̬ġ
Լ˺гɾ͸Уȥʥ˵ġ̰塱عңã
ˣҽɣʦ֪ҪˡԪӴȦĲ߽ʵ
ĲһֻΪԼǸصķǻۺܸߣ۽粻ס
ܶεʥˣȴһӴԼŵ㣬ԼعɸջβãǸ¶֪ġɧꡱ

һΣһ˰ݼ̫Ĳ񣬸Ԫ˴
֮ϵƴϣ̫ϥĲһ̣̫˫
ļãĲоԼƶ˳Σ˲ڵһ˲ΣǺ
ʲôоǷԼޱȵССһɳһ
Ĳᣬߵϣ̫𣡡
̫վ󣬺Ȼ˾ĲеãĻ
֪лĺ
֪һսΪ⨺Ϊ÷ɽ߹Ԭ飬Ϊͨֻһ֪
Ĳ᲻Ϊʲôôʡ
ȴ֪ʲô˵ʲôһ˿ҲУΪá
Ĳ˵ֻ̫꣬˵ͷ̫ӣҪ˵ôʵԭˡ
һԵԪӡŮ洺죬ϤʦıҪ˵һЩˣǾϲ˿ʼú
ĺԭǻʱս֮ħħԳһս֮ͨ쳹أ̹ſʱ谭̹ţ̹ķ֣һıԴ˺Գ࣬һɵıԴɢؼ䣬ĳɱԴȴǳ˻ĺ⨺ͨԳ
һʯδΣǰ֪̽綫ɽʯ
⻰˵꣬ĲףԼ˵ĺĿˡ
ԭԼݵķӣ֮ˣȻʯ
ֵ̫ʯǲ򵥣ǰɽ̹ų켹֮أЩͬʧɳ֡Ԫʼͱ죬ӳɽնһ裬Ůʯ졭Ů洣ɼǵ㲹ʱʣµһʯ
ŮڴˣŻԼԨԴŮ˲ˡ
ǵսʥԪʼҪ壬ʦ̫ϣͱ졣
ʱԼʯ죬ʣһʯʱҲֹʦԼ裬Ϊζһ飬ʧ
ʱԼͷֹʯ򵥣ԸŸо˺Ĵϡ
þˣҪʦ˵ˣһ˵ԼĿ
ʦ𣬵ӼǵãʱҲе档
Ǳնһ㲹죬Ƶʯͨʯ޵նɽ裬ܴڡ
Ůһʵʦʱ
ʱоͨʯԨԴܳشˣ
⻰˵꣬Ĳŵò¡
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Ĳۣʦͨ˵档˵ģû𲻴ڵĵطϸϸ֣̽ᷢĶеĲ֣
ڻĲֻ˵ͨʦ˵ԡ
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ⲻڣΪǡʱолԵѣʲôʱҲ֪ˣݲ̫˵
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֪̫ƭʯ̫ɽȥģⰵħıԴ̫ȥġ
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ȷģʢ˥һֻصıȻʢ˥䣬ֻҪ͸ǲҷʢΪʢı˥䣬ҷôǰ塢һ˥бʵɽ𣬾Ϳҷ̵ǻˡĲһ̾
ƣ̫˵ͷ
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˱ںŰ˵֧䣬Ӵ
ʧأһѪһ޾Ű˵֧䡣
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̫ףĿǰعҺƶĽչܱһ
볥عңҪѺܶࡣ
̹󶼳֮һ֧ôá
ʮŸԸųʥˣƾξɳǲܵġ
ħٲǣ
ǿθ˶ѡ
Ȼ̫䡰ûô򵥡Ĳһᣬûʲô˼
̫ѾĿҪˡ
ԪӺŮ洣ŻȴʵĲ뿪ˡ
С
ĲԸˡ
̫ƣ̫ĸʯѾĿˡ



939 ˵ͨ
߳ңĲɻ󲻽⣬̫ľ
˴ǰͨʦ˵ĻӲ˵жϡ
·üõֽѵҲû̵ĲͶѹһֱһͬʡ
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ҪûĸѹģܺĻӵĲпᣬӵѪȡ
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Ĵ׿Ĳ˵ھúİ˺ܶࡣ
ˣ֣صʩĲ뿪Ϻ
Ŵ̫ƣĲϷɽ֮塣
֣涼ʥԷһ˵̫Ҫˡ
죬ĲǰݷãӴ
Ĳǰһ棬ǲǰȥý
ǴĲӵĽӴĲǰݷãҲܶ˷һ档
жԹжԣ˼ݷãҪóȺӡ

û뵽һѼˡ΢΢һЦ
һμʱ򻹺棬ϾǸֹǴܵ档
ڶμԵ˺̶ܶ࣬ѣѡ
ĸʥˣǿ
ٷ𣬷ѾΥˡĲһš
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롣Ĳᣬȥɽڲ
ˣĲȥ

Ĵʼ˸߸ϣĲᡣ
ûĲῪڣɻѾ̲סˡ
ܺ棬һ̵ӣǷ̽ɽҡײƭġȥɽȥ˵̫磬ҷ壬㵽
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οֻѣӰɽ硣ˣ׼ͽ˴ΪҲ£ʥ˻˲ɽ̴塣
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Ĳӵģ˰ɡ
ҲʵΪô

㻹ͨûֻ֣ơ
ͨʦǵԸӦ֪֮£ӾҲᱻΰƸı䡭˵˭ĴǶûֻǹƴ˴ƶԵӵӰ졣
ߣô˵㻹ˣ
ʥˡˣʦʥˡ
Ĳ᣺ûԼжϡ
Ĳһӣƶͨ첻Ϊ̺ͨǻۣؽûˡ
㡪
ʱ
ĪҪ˵ݴˡһ˸ʥˡ
ܣǵ͹˴ʦֶ¡ԪʼҲˡ
̨ˣͨȻֹסŭһ˵
λʥˡĲ
ǵ͹˴Ϊʦֶ㣬ģ˥ʱʦֶ㲻Ӱʱʱġ
һ̾оԼʧ󣬺ܣҲʦֶ౦
ٷλʥˣ˲ΪĪҪƶɮΪѡĲһ¡
˵ϵĸо
ϲţΪ˷̺ã
ĲڴӰ£ģɵ̬Ⱥ˼
֪ǰݷõ𣬴˺ݷ롢סˣΪ£ʵ
ͬĻĲ˵һ飬˵˳˼
ͨ룺ǲ౦ˣ౦ԭĴ㣬Ǳŷ˥ȥģ
Ԫʼ룺ƻʢ˥ܣʢ׬ȡô˥أܲ
룺Ķ౦Ǵô죿
һ˼
Ӧˣͨʡ
λʥˣѴӦҲָ㡣Ĳᡣ
һĬ
㣬㡭㵽Ƕ౦ͨչ̲סʵ
ʥҪǶ౦ΣĲΣ
ͨһܴ̾Ƕ౦Ĳ᣿⹦ǲҪҲա
ʥˣʵû;ͬ򷨹һΣΣǵѡ档Ĳ˵
˵úáôĸ㣿ͨ͵ʵ
ңĸңĲһ
˵Ҳ֪ңΪͬľѣΪ֤Ԫѡ֤Ԫһ̣ҲŻĸң֮ĸң֤Ԫһ̡
Ĳҡҡͷ
ĪҪ˵ˣǴӦˡ˸
ƺһ㣬Ĳᶼ֪ĸԼĸǼٵġ
˵ģҵʱ̣ɾͻԪһ̣ǵüҵһ̡
ھɱҲ
ĲûƭԼˣҲ֪ĸԼ
ҲΣյġ
һõɾͻԪޣҲһ;ı
˵Լ˶౦
ΪǶ౦ĲᣬԼڵĿӣҲҪϡ
֤ԼǶ౦ֵҪϡ

ðɣͨȻį
ƺҲеĺ壬治ֵܹӶ౦
౦ɾͿܴܺҲܺΣա
һվڻһߣһվڻԻ͵һߡ
ԼͲҪҡãˣ͹ãġ
ֻϣͨԼ֧֣֤ɹ
Ŷ౦ǷĲᡣ
֮󡭡
Ӱݷ̫ƿʼĲ˵ͨɽдֻһλʥˡ
ĲĿУ


940 һо
ݼҷ𣬰ݼĸ
׼͵ȴʱˡ
⣬λʥˣĲỹɽ̵ĺܶ֡
Ʃħķ棬ǰħĵˡ
ħĵһɲĲֵĸо
Īо˺ΣգǾ˵֡
ħһĸоĲΣգ˫ۣƺܿԼһ
Һã˱˴˸оΣյľûнȥ
׼ͽ˺ܾˣڵȵĲǰʵô¡
˵ҲǵһμĲᣬ뿪ʱĲỹǶ౦ˣ̽Ҳ档
ڷֻʣϥ
ɷ˵һΪΣʵ
ȻҷʵҲҪ˵Ǿȴҷ̽Ҫʢ˵𡣡
׼ͽĲΪе죬չʥˣûͿĲĽ͡
ǰżиҷʢĻԵˣ綫ʤޡ˺Ӻҷ飬ҷӷչǷʲô˵ɽ磬Ǻ͵ƣҲָ㣬˺塢塭ǵӴɽĿġ
Ĳ˵꣬׼ͽһۣһû뵽ĲѾôࡣ
ҺֵĸоκηŴ£Լ飬һԼֵ֪ܲ£Ѿеˡ
ӷա׼һš
Щ㡣׼Ҳ
Ĳһϵеļƻ治֪ô˵˶ǴˣĲĲиɻ
Լ˲֣ҲǻۣͬĲá
ĲĻҲΪĲ᲻ȥҵ𣬴˺һ·Լˡ
ĺôǲƣԵ
ҪĲɽ磬һ¾ǱǴӦˣҲԼ
һ˼úļƻ©ʰŶò
Դ˷𷨵
ǣҲкһɻ
׼ʵĸֻһ仰ʣ߶౦
Ǻǡ΢΢һЦΪζôԼ
ԼҲ֪Լ˭
Ƕ౦ҲĲԼãôش
ҷΪ˭Ĳʡ
Ĳתһ˿ӶûУϣҷ档
ҷ𣬾͵ĲɣΪӶ֪˭ҵħϣҪҵĹؼҷ𣬵˭ɷ񣿡
⻰˵꣬׼ͽҪǻףǾͰ׻ôˡ
ǺľȲ࣬ĲԻ󣬾ڲ֪ôش
ӷգ̽ˡ
˵ˣȵĹ࣬ĲᷴˣҪжһ̣˵ͳŶ౦Ƿ
ˣ˽ҹ⣬˵˷ʢļƻ

յӵ⣬ֻҪҷʢںݱģݵ֪ǰʥ֮һ֮ǰԣǷ٣λʥƶ
λʥ˳عҡ
ҷҲˣҷʥ˺ƶĽ
λ棬ʢ˥䣬ʢƲɵ˥һˣҪãҷ˥ʱҪļƻ
˿̵ʥˣʥˣɽ粽Уֻܹصĵ̣ڵȽһǰź𡭡
Լ뵽ȫ˵ʥˡ
׼ͽԭ򡣵ǣһĶ˵ͳ
һ壬ǳˣһعˣԽɽ磬ı仯ԭ
˴ǰɻΪκͺˣԭôԭ˵ͨˣҲˡ
Ķ౦֪ıԼࡣ
֮ն౦ƲóԼƶĽĵһ
˺ܶɼǰƺ˺ܶΪԼĺܺãɽȴԼҪġ
֮ǰ˻ΪԼù˵֧䡣
룬ǻûѱƿصʱҲԼľ˱ʱ
ҲǣɼǰʧأһԶ޾һ͵ĹѪ
塭
Ҳɻ󣬰˵ǷٵӳߣΪԼҲʧأ
뵽ˣ׼һ
òԼҪ壬ûжٷԼȴԼȥ

Ҳˣ뵽˵ʱʦܵƣʼ;òס
ʦȥ֣ﲻ˵ˣ깫˵Ĳᡣ
ȻˣĲ۹ˣҪ֪Ųڷô
ʵ˵ֻҪʢǾͳɹһ룬ֻҪСĵӦԷʢʧܣҷžһ˵عң
ƣҲģĲȻ̫Ǿ䣺ûô򵥡
ʲô׼ʡ
ǵԵżȻ˵һ䣬˵ûô򵥣ҲסĲҡҡͷ
˵꣬˱úܳĬ
˵Բ⣬̫Ļ˵Եɵġ
ѵ˥ܵѣûô򵥣
ʥ룬ԼʥˣѣʥҲ䲻ɣ
Ȼʥ˲Ͳ£ٻܾǡ
ˣ벻ͨͲˣǲַʢɡ

֮棬ϵаŲָ֣ʾɡ׼ᡣ
ȥȫգҵķӷ𽫻᳹
֮ʯȻ쳣ҪСĽſɣɽ֧֣ȫԲֳļƻȻͥȥҲȥ˵һ£ͥӦġ

ĲԲĽ
ɽۣȴǴﵽ۷塣
зŽĲһ·ݷø󣬷硣
ֱɽּסǱĲ˵ļĸ߲㡣
׷׸оĲܲ򵥣Ǳȥ֤Ԫһ졣
󣬻ľӴĲᣬɽһǧʱ䣬ĲӶʼһ·Ĵ˵
̨
Բˣľһ仯
ʥˣԲǰָƣйԲҪ硣
ƣһķ̫ܲʯֵķ𷨺ܲ
ʥ̧ʯһУͬǳ֪ޱߣɲ⡣
ľ֤ӵȥọ́ʱľڴѾɹ
ʹݣҲĸ֪
ľ¶ˣıиɻļƻĲȫˡ

磬ǵùǾǷɽ
ŵòᣬ߶µĽӴ˹ķ档
ãҪ飬
Ϊζ
ڣɻĽӼ
һֱڱչأ˲翿ͥ۱ˡ
òôԣ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˿ˡ
ˣһֱΪΪԵʡ
ǰɽʥʱʥ˳Ⱥĳ֣ʥۣͬл׼ʥԲ
ûȥ컯Ԫĥɻ󣬸оӦá
ǣû֪ʲô
۴˲翿Լ֣ԼȱĲĥǶ
ĥԼʱ䣬Լʱġ
оһԼģҡ
ҲиоԼģҡ
Լѵıչظ֮ز컯Ԫͥͨ
Ϊġ
ڱ˵Լɽͬ¶ʲôģѾ̹Ȼˡ
Լ֤ǵʥ򵥣ǵ˵ģڤ޼
ڤ֮޼Ǻֻضʥ֮ڤԲϵɾ޼
Լأɽ磬ԼҪɽſɡ
ɽԼĵԼˣԼĶ޼ϵɽ֮ô潫Ҫδ棿
ֵɻ󣬵۽㯡
ڤߵĺɽߵĵ棬ԼѲȥϵ
ؼ粻Լİ
ܿգĿǰ벻ͨǰԽӴ

ٷƶɮΪʢ۳ȫĲ˵
Ŷ۽ڱչأ֪Ĳɽĳɾ͡
㡭ƶɮɽʥ˴Э飬Ȼչͥƿ¡
ش۳ȫʢ
Ĳ˵꣬һ㶣û뵽ĲѾôࡣ
ͥƿ֮أ˵ʢͥûкô
ǣͬ
ʢɱģҲ˵ͨ
˥ܵʱֵ̣ͥʱ̡
ã۴Ӧˣ
Ĳ᣺
Ϊۺ˵ͨģ뿪ܾͥˣĲỹɻ۾ô׾ٵıԼ˵ͨˣ
ǲ˼飿
Ĳ᲻ֻ֪һ˿ۣû˿ĲΪʢģǴôܾܾ
οʥ˶ӦˣͥӦǲǻ۵ľٶ
仯ܴ˲뿪ˣȫžǡ
ģѾӴǰǸرݶʴۣңһпԼ
ԣĲ߳ͥ󣬻˼ôˣ
Լ۰



941 ʯ
ʱֹȥʮꡣ
綫ʤޣɽ
顪
ֻһ죬һⰵ˸硣
ں˹ⰵԵʣɽУʥ˲εĸֶһᡰס
˿û˻ĹšϹʱڣ鵮Ѹĵϡ
˿̣ûΪѸģѹˣڤڤеĸӦдߵˡ
ףĲ˵ķӣȻøţǺ
Ȼǻĺеʯ
򵥰ȻǻĺŮʥʯʱʣµʯ
ǿѹӦóڴ˿ϣ֣ѵƶ֪ܡ

¸һ磬ʥ˲εĸ֣Ȼ׷Ѱһ˿
һ˿Ǹо˲򵥡
ʯǿ󣬱Դǿ˵Ĺ켣ݡ
ϸʯﱾӦ˶ɵΪ
ĸţӦ˶Ϲʱǰ٣ܻξǴ޽ɵĲΡ
ǻĹʱ̹־ʹѹҲǽɵĲΡ
ʯӦ˶ǲȫעǲȫֻɲζѡ

Ǳ˷̣ҪǴʯǵȥ磬Ϊ˶˵ãʥ

ʯ˸ǿ󣬷ҪˡҪѱĴ߿ǲ򵥵ģô죿

˵ȸ飬һУעҪѰǡҪôƭʯڡáУҪôѾ޴ȥлǸлҪܳʱģǷԸȣҲǵԸȤȤˡ

һʱʥ֮䣬ʯδǰ;
˸֮飬ҪڻĹʱǬ漶ĳˣǳĵĳ
⼸ܣΪʱ䲻
ôһֻܸƶһٵ磬λҪչʾŵǿ
÷ŵǿõ磬ӵġ
룬ʥһʱ벻ʲôð취ɵһ顣

ڳˣˡ
ɽϣҵĺ˴˵Сӡ
ǿʯһ̣Ի󲻽⡣
ĺӣȻʯͷĳģ档
˭һϵĺʵ
ʯһ㶣ճͼôԼһӣҲܿġ
ңҡû֡ʯ
һ곤ĺ룬Ȼû֣Ǵʯͷĳģͽʯɡ
ʯʯããҾʯ
ʯ˷ܵķŸͷǱͬܶ˷ܡ
ҲΪԼ˳ƺˡ
յʯ޾ңڣɽҴܣһȺǴһƬ
ǣӦʯңŵΡ
ͨУʯӰ
žˣڶŸ߲
ʯҷʢĹؼν̵˺ҪġʯԴǿӦ˶ŵ»ֻɲΡʵ˲Ҫѱ飬޾ʱĸлͽӴԶʱѱɸǲʱģ֮ӵʢῪλ˵˵ν̵ӡ
˵꣬λ˳˼
벻벻һڷӡ벻취
ʿʣ𣬿ɷʯתֻأתֻصĻع鱾Դ֮ɷɢһʯ־
ɣɣʯﱾԴڻĹʱħҲֻأƴ
󡭡
ôǿӦõġˡ
ѾʯıԴǿˣ˭뵽ʯˣȻ벻ֻء
ֻعܲ飬ĹЩһ
ٷ𣬴ܵĶͺࡣֻ˵
̫˵˻ĺ֮ϸ˽ĺ
֣ǿ⨺ҲһεĸţǿΪԵãʱãܴﵽħĲΡ
˹ˣʯͳԽӡ
ԴŴﵽħĲΣҪǲֱ̫ʣǲŵġ
ħǻħʯȷҲǡҪˣħԳɱԴԳ࣬һɢĳɳ˻ĺ
Ҳ˵ʯǿҲһɵĻħıԴܴﵽħĸš
ڣǰģʯħĸţ޲˵ʯﱻ˸Ĺ
̫һɾħĸţ벻˭
˵꣬ˡ
ȼƵҲ˵ʯħĸţֻء
⣿
ôܣʱȻĸţ
ģ

λ̲סĽԼҪʯöãǷ˴˿̵ΪҲϧ
ȼҡҡͷû취ˣþõԵʣ֪ĸѱġ
֪ʲô뷨ȼʡ
ӷҲû취ҷʥˣԼĸ׼ʥ˵˵˸취õĻͨǵĲ֣úӻС
㣬ʯ֪ǼٵģҪҷŷʿʡ
Ҳ޷ⲻǻĹʱħĸţҲܸıʲô˵ֻħĸţûжӦħʵ
ŵⲻǻĹʱˣʱħ߳ģȲ˵ԲɽʮλʥˣһǿԸıʲôġ
λҪסһ㣬ʱ䲻ʱ㣬ʥ˿ʯΪͽһ꣬ʮ꣬һԪᣬʮԪᣬʱʯΪҷŵĳ֮ʱ䲻λʥ˴˵ʯɽʥ˶ˣ׷״ߴλʥ˾粼ַǲʱġ
˵ꡭ
ӷ𣡡
ŵӺиŹ׷ŭҲˡ
԰ǰӷ
Ҳǰӷ
Ҳֻܰӷ
˿̣ɽѹȣֻĬӷ
ʿߣֵҲ赣ǣʯһУҲ޾壬ʱ˵˿̵һУ׵ģҷҪô²ˡ
ô˵꣬Ȼź˺ܶࡣ
Ҳǣʯ̵ʹԼĶǼٵģȫԺ˵ʵԼŴƭǲ
ʱʯôѡˡ
֮󡭡
뷨ʼıôŪӣúӻһλ
ѹ뷨ȴҲ׷ŵǿ
ʮ꣬ڶӺŬ£һ˺ӡһıֳˡ
ǺӹԲףûǰӽһõģ˲ٿص
ӵδǣĺڰ
᣺õĳɿա
ȻеĥѶӦģջͳɾ͡
֮ǰ壬ڱݲкУڿˡ
ʯҲˣڽһʱһƿص磬컯ˡ

ưꡣ
ɽʯڡ
죬ںһ޴ٲǰ
Ϻ˵˵޴ٲ棬һԶʱģˮļûܴٲȥУҪ˭ܽУֻҪƿĻأܵõһϺõĶ
ϺӵĻʯץļøоԼ
ϺֵܶﳢԹɶļٲˢ£ʬǶҲ
ںˣСĶʼˡ
ʯȴһûо£ǿս⡣
ֱԴԻħԳս⣬ķҲ޷Ĩȥġ
ҪأʯһǲȫȻ˵
㣿
㴵ţ
ģġ
Ц˵
ģȴ˵ʯҪ³çΣգġ
ǰʯ̫Σˣ㲻Ҫȥ
ʯǴ˵ûж֪ҪǼٵģΣյġ

ںӵЦͺȰ˵ûʯﵨӷ˸ս⡣
Ƕ˵ˣҾʣҪô죿
⻰꣬ںӲŷʯġ
һϺӺȻ˸ǻɽȺǻ۵һ򵥣Ҳһġӡ
ʯҪˣǶ㣬ǻ۵Ϻ˵
ĻǻϺӵܸߣϺô˵ΧĺҲϡ
ʯҪˣǽ
ԶԶԣҪǴǽ붴Ǿͳ㣬


һߴߴģһ
ã˵ģҪˣǶҴʯ˷ܵͷ
Ȼ˼£սԼһҪɹһҪ
ǶҪȥҶʯＤĲ㤣ںԼٲĶ
ʯﵱˣġ
ˣʯġ
Ҫ
¶ĺףʯ˵ģҪٲô죿
˭Ȱûãʯ˭ȰҲûС
ѾˣʯŲΨһһҪҵ

ҡŵٲУʯ﷢˶ˮҵƿٲĻء
̽ˮ
ʯȥͲӰܶĺӣԼʯϵܺõģΪʯˡ
Ⱥ˺ܾá
ֱʯˮ˷ܵ˵ԼһУúȺܱ˸ˡ
˲Ķᰲȫܶࡣ
󡭡
ʯ˻ɽкӵĴ
ʯ˵ӡ


942 ʦ
ʯﵱңڡ
죬һϺˣʯﲻôˡ
ǻϺ˵鶼ϲһ죬ǳˣֻأĽޣϺˡ
仰ʯĴޱȵľ޴
ңڵĻţΪõľ棬һ֪Ŀ顣
˾ҪһгɿգʯﲻԸļ尾
Ϻʲôʯʵ
ұΪˮڣϹµĵ԰Ľޣ̽ҲûֿĵҪܵġ
˵꣬ʯŭˡ
ҲôܻҲ߯ˣΪҪ
ʯһ̧ͷء
صĿˣһθоؾһһȻҪԼԼ
Լ
Ϻ۹תȻҪҲûа취
Ŷа취̫ˣϺ˵˵ʯＤҡϺ
ȿȣ֣Ϻӵӿ챻ҡɢˡϺε˵
˵˵ȻҡɢӣʯЦ
˵˵

ʯ뿪ˣϺ˵ɴȥϺ˵ĺɽѰҸȡĵ
̤񷤵ʯҪĻɽĵطҲȹĵط
ҪϺӵȥܳʯﶼΪԼ޾һֱȥ
ҪСİ˼ϺҲǸǰĴ˵Ҳ֪ǲˣһҪСİϺﲻ˵
Ҫȥˣȥˣǿֵˣ𣿡
ҲкʯĽҪȥ
ʯȴܼУһҪȥҵˣҪǲܳŻʲô˼ǶȥɣȰˡҲڵڼ䣬ϺģΣվͶˮУ۸ţѧɷٸǱ𣬶ȥˡ
ʯҲ᲻úȺ᲻⻨ɽǲа
ܳչһгɿաͷϺһڸСǣⲻҪġ
һеϲ޾
ȻżһЩֵͷ翴첻˳ۣ޵޻ΪԼΪԼξ죬Ϊβ̽ض
ڣǰǲܳ
ֱдԼȻȥһ죬ⲻУⲻɰ
һҪѰˣѧϰķš
żᶨĿ꣬Ϻ˵ĺãһԶĴ˵Ҳȥԡ
ΪԼΨһܵõϢ
㣡
һһһŸˣ쫷ѣ
籩УʯＱץʯĿ
Ѿʧˣ֪ڼʧ˷
·ܶСÿڴϵߵݣǿһˡ
ʯûľ棬һˣӲһδγ˹֪˵İţΪİš
ʯﲻ֪ΪԼá
һ·̣ʦʵ̾ǽһӡ
ʯ죬̤ţ޵ء
һĵʯһμ壬ǻ۵Ϻ˵
ʯڻɽϲģǻϺｲΪࡱļʶ͹¡
壬ǻϺͶ˵ܶΣʯ˷ܣ֪߳ض
Ưһӣ֪Ư˶ԶһĸܵغܴܴԼСС
ǻϺﻹ˵ϵÿһǶһ磬ɻڡ
ӦþǻϺָ̽ģһŲƽġ
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ǰΪ˸մֲǣĽĶȹֲǵĵ
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943 Ե
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ǰʦֵǿҪӵĺܲ԰ڻ
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𣬹ŷؼ컯ͷ鱦˵Ǵǰʹ컯Ƶģѵ컯һԪʿɻʣ
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Ī߻ħʧǰɣ



944 Ϸǣ
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Ů洺̫ܲΪúõ鱦ô͸ˡ
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ͥɣ֪ĻΪдء
͵䲻磬Լǲǲӣûֺã

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948 һ
һžǧϣպ㡣
ԶһЦմһȻ߸
һת뵽߸绨Ů
˲һ棬һƬҶϡ

㣬ǿӹȻˡŮ˷ܵ
С˵ʲôɵҪ죬ĸܽժŮЦ
ǰֵһεҴˣ˵·ɢޣˣһͥԼʢᡣŮ
㣬˭Ůʡ
ˣŴɡĺ·ɣʮˡŮЦ

˵ĶԻ˸һ
ԭͥҪٿҴᣬ·۵һʢᣬԼ᲻ȥ
ɻʱ
ʱ
ǣĸ˵ָһӿ԰ôûǺӣŮʵ
⻰ܲ𾴣һš
ŮһЦһëӶѣ֪ܲȥˣˡ
ǣҲ֪ôģǲһë￴԰˶ҲҪǶӣë͸ˡŮ
㣬˵ʥ𣿡Сɻʣ
ʲôʥǺģһëʲôʥǲ֪߽ϴ˵
⻰˵꣬ճ׵ŭˣƭңƭңǼٵģǼٵġ
㣬ô˵˴ʢ磬ûкӲμӵķݣСʵ
ĪҪ˵Цëʸμʢ磬һϷʵЦ


϶ƭң
䡪
ֻ˫Ŀɺ˲ˡ
һסŮŮ־֣Ȼ˲䶨
һѾ˹ӣҪǡ
ǾӺԥˣŮò绨Ҽģһߡ
ҲһŮ֮ˣߣչû֡
ŭհŮĳЦԼԭֱƭˣǼٵġ
ããȻһδƭǻٰʲô磿Ǿٰ죬Ǿٰ죬Ҷˡ
˵껹һ߳ԣһ²ۣΰ԰ﾤҵҵĿأԭǼٵġ
˵˵ţЦˡ
ҳԣҳԣҸǳԹ⣡
ԲҲժ⣬ҽǾٰᡣ
ƣɨҶ
ճ˺ܶ࣬Եĳŵܣȫժңһ½ˡ

˺󡭡
ˡ
ŭŭնʾڡ
һʱলľԱ
ػɽ֪ưգԻͿʼ׼
Ȼû콫ˣʮ콫ѹǣ
ȽĴħࡢħ졢ħ١ħ񺣡
λᡣ
Ϊ˺ͷ񱮼ӳ֣̫ԲĲΡ
αװɽɿʼ
һˣưոݡ
찵صĴսսĺˬ
ĴȴŴĪİܱ
սʤͥһַ
˴δ˧ĴʧˣʼԼĺ߸Ŀŵ׬ˡ
̫ϰͽӽ޵Ϊ˵һ鱦
ôǿҪȥźڣܶ޳ܡ
׬ȡҲôĿŵ
߸̫̫࣬ûĿ˵ԸǴηٶϴܴ
߸̫ӣ־ܡ߸
ٺ٣ޣṵ̂ɣȥʥӡЦ
ò˵Ϊղǿ涾
߸Щ̲ס
֮߸սӣúӳ˲СĿյһôǿĶ֡
ڼѵսʤ޶
նͥ˺ܶ࣬ͥûԼô
֪ص߸һ䡣
߸ˣҪǰס˾Ͳˡ
ڣСյս⣬ˣûк
ʮ콫սڼѵĻ˴˴ָӵĽ
ɽʤˣӺǸ˷ܵĲˡ

ͥȴһ
ꯣҪȥһ󲻽⣬ڶˡ
˵ͥսүǷǶү˭ȥ˺ӻл·
·ģһֵģǿͺһѡ˵
۵Ĺϵ֪ͥ;˾˵ĹϵֻүԸ
ۣҲһ㲻鷳ꯡ
ꯣǣǡǵ𡭡˼ɻʡ
һʣڳһţŶϸ
ʦ˼ҿ뵽ԼҴǰܺһɣٿءС
̾˿ûһҴġ
ȿȣȥɣ̫ؾСۺΣ˻֣ʾȥɣ𡰶ġˡ
ٶȥҶɻ쵰ˣҺ֪
϶֪Һڣһ˵ڡ
ǣ
꯰˾˾һۣ½ȥˡ

ţսꯣٳ־ܡ
ˡ
һǣŸģ̵ĵǣ֣ͥ̾Ϣ
߾սҲץףǸֻۡͻأֻۣ೤˸۾𣿡һ
꯶ЦˣӹȻᡣ
᲻˵ɣ˿Ǹķš
ǹˣǶǡ
ûѹȣҲŪգֻ˵˵˭Ƕˣ˭Ǻˡ
ֻܸ̾һԩ컯
Ҵ򣡡׻ꪣƴնȥ
ߣ㲻ɣ
·ȥҲ䣬˶䣬Ȯ͵Ϯһ£Ȼѵսʤꯡ
ֻһ仰Ī
ϣ㲻ңҲϣңΪ֮ɣ
仰˺ջãʲôġ
ʵ꯵˼ǣϣղҪڵԼԺܶŰš
ҲϣԼһãѹΪԼΪԼս

ˣɾöүˣֵԼˣԼҪúõ׬ȡ¡

Ҫ½սյһɣȻһ㿴ϣĺܣΪߵĻǵ͵ġ
ʱһߴ
ˣŪҲмޣҪôѾܿˣֻԼĹ𣿺ߣһ޳֮Ҫұ棬š
һѹı仰ﴫֻһţֳ־޸Ӱ֡
һŵòᣬ˭ȥŪӡ
ƣýˣǹˡ
һһ̫Ե۵ϵˡ
Ƕʹ̫Ͼӵʬ
ֻһȦնȥ
ջڵŶأֻһ赲ĽȦϮֵҪ㿪Ƕ㲻Ļˡ
һᡭ
ͥѹ֣ʧˣޱȴ˻ֵɣ˵ֻһˡ
֮󡭡
ˣԼץˣʼִɱɾɱ
ֱȥ˶ʹ̫Ͼˡ
˻۽𾦣ΪǴӽɴﵽ̫ҽɵĲΡ
Ⱥݿʼˣմֵͥòɿ
һصĵطɫࡣ
۸㣬ҴӦˡǣ̱Ҫֲסˡ
ӷ۶ҷŵ֧֣ҷżסˣֻҪָҷűصȫ֧֣ƶɮġ
ߣסͺá
˵꣬ۺƽһ£ļóڴսսϡ
һ䣺ȥ
һ˴ȥˣԼẰĻǡǲ˼顣
ǳ˸ɽѹ
սȺȻȫˡ
ӷúﻹס֣
˭
ӷ𣡡
֪ˣ棡ҲͰ𣿡
ú㲻ѭ涨ޱҵڣ
ûˣû𣬵㲻ɣɣ
ӷ𣬼ȻˣҲ۸㣬ֻҪܷɳӮΣ˾޴ơ
֪Ϊд󣬿֪İ޳ܣз̫Ҳεգܷɵĳ
޳ܣ
ղ֪ΪԼ˿ˣȻ˵ԼҲ£
ȥˣɰɣɵΪ˳
˸󣬸˵ķˡ
ɷֶǼٵģǳָ
ڿ־ˣԭôǿĴڣԼɲơ
ѹ꣬úõķڣ
ngmaأnȣbi??miˣhng
Ҳ
䡪
ָɽ£ձѹ
֪θ룬꯰пһУеܱˣеܡ
ܹˣĲп̫١
ˣؼ˸ѱĺӣ˸η壬ҰҺޡɵĺӣ
һ׻ľɽֻĺӡ
ɣԼйעһеĶе˼
˭Ĵ
ԼҲдΪνĹ£һ˿Լɼôȥˣ
ģԣ˼˵ĵԼûУǿܿܿˡ
ûǴѹȵĴ
ҲûΪǿˣǵ˺¾͵ù
ֲ֮壡

ʦ𣬵ĸоµǻԪ޽ɡ
ĺӣ⣬̫ԪԼŮ洡
Ԫʵġ
ûʲôԴĪҪֻ˿̣ҲҪĽ󡣱ʱһ˭Ҳ򲻹˭Ҳɱ˭ҲϷŪ
̫û˵ʲôԪӵУԪ޸ԭҲҪԵ㯣ҪԼ


949 ʱ
ձѹӦǷźܸˡ
ʵˣУʵˡ
Ūѹ飬ʵ˸ˡ
Ϊߵ飬ԼĽͼ֣ǿĳɾ͡
ֽͼ֣ͰɱˣԹĺ͵˴սŪһС߲ϵġ
ǰ£ûձѹ˷ܣҲһϧΡ
ӷ𣬰ռƻɣչԲԸ
ǣ𡣡˴Ӧ
˴ѹ꣬ο
⣿ʵǲ̫ˣô̵ʱ䣬ջΪβѹʱһ㣬Ҳ㹻ʱȹΪ͵ġ
Ҳˣɽλʥ˺ͺĴ̶ֵֻ֪꣬꣬ĥյԸ͵ģʱ䲻˲˵²ˡ
Ϊ֮̾Ϣ
̶ĥռᶨԼĵģҲѶ̶дջ
ѹԪᣬѹʮ꣬ջǦϴĹ
ʱ䲻̶ؾճˣȻǴ˿̵ģиͱ仯
̶ֻ꣬Ǻո򣬻˵ֻĳޣûһ˿ĳɷڡһʱ䵽ˣǸμԦܵǡ
ֶֻܼεĽ˵ĺܼᶨ
ôֶνʵϸĽͣڷӺ
粻Ǵǻһ
ӻҪܰ
УŻڷ׵Լϵĺӣڷź
ӣʱ
𣡡
ӷҷʢһ֮ˣԸת·ɾ⸨֮ˣΪʦ÷Ըл
𣬵ӲԸ⡣ȴ
ԵΣ
𣬵һĺһʦĽɫȴŵӻСʵ
ӷգΪʦû㡣ȴ΢΢һЦ
Ĳʱ̣δɷʱڣһϵĽ
л˵컯
Ĳɾ棬Ӹ˷š
ȴļ̡ȴֲܿýӡ
һȱҷļᶨָգӷĪ˵Ϊ̽óӽҲӦ֮ˡ
˽ӣֵȻĪǶĵ˼ɣת㣬ûκεļ䣬㹦Բ
˵
𣬵ӻǹ񣬵ӸԸҷǰ
ӣҪ֪ɲģҷʥ˶ɽΪ˷ʢûʲô赲οǴҲɽĬϵݻûѡ
һ̾ϢżᶨĽӣֵˣˣ˶ñ˰ɣҲ˭ȥɣ

ûѡҲֿˡ
һֻӳӻһ⣬ʧС
ҪȥֻֻأÿһڴܽѶȥ
ʮȳգһ·ȡ澭

ʱһνꡣ
ѹɽµգڲˣƺһ
ʼǷ
Ϊ벻ͨһֱԭħˣܵڷ
ڰȻͨˣͣ˷
Լһ䣺Ϊʲô
ΪʲôΪʲôԼֵ칬ûսʤԼģ׾ٵѹԼ
Ϊʲôһʵ
̶̵Ĳǧһֻ޾ĺӣ֪Լܻʦʵѧ˵ɾ˽ɲ
ɹޱȵ⣬˳˳ˮһ֮в˵ΣյĵˣԼҲʤ
ֲ̫ʵļΪԼ޵С
̫ͥ԰˲Լɣȴռݸλʲܻ˭Ҳ뵱١
ɾǴͥŴƭŮĻ׵ı
˴˿̵
պã˸Լ⵽Ϊʲô
벻ͨճĬˣȥģ벻ͨ
ӣû
벻ͨգȻڽԼ
˭
㯵һ
ǰꯣһĮ򶨡
ûմһ
͵ҡҡԴ˺һŵԭֻ㣬Ц𣿡
ߣûôǳûУҪһϧϧһȤĺʧˡ

ǺȻһȥɣﲻģҶ
Ҿͷˡ
һûһ˵ȥģû߼
꯻գ֪ĸо´ǰ˼һ棬Ǵ֡
ꯣɻ顭ոҪ㡣
ͱ꯴ˣʣʲô֪֪Ҳ˵ӡ
٣ֻۣȥˣһһ١졣
ȳ˵ɡûĿš
˺ܾá
һĬգֻɫƨɣصʣꯣܲȥ棬˵ݡ
û˵ֱˣƺ꯱˽Լ
סɣĽʱ̣ῴ㡣
㣡⻰˵ոˣ˽Ƶߣҽƺ󻹴ߡ
ˣˣ㣬ʱɱˡ꯿ӣ˵겻ս뿪ˡ
뿪˺ܾã
¡
ȻһϮ
ء죬죬
ղ֪Լˣµıꡣ
֮Լˣµꡣ
ȥˣճĬˡ
͵ĿⶢǰǰһأȻССĶһ¡
˺ܾãԭһĴӺڰĵεպ⡣
һ
һ£ǻ˹
˵֡
쳤󣬽ӡ꣬˵仰

飡һ
󲢽ˣһ£ո˵쳤һ£ʾ˵ˣѾˡ
ڡһŭ𣬸Ӷ۸Լ
͵һ㶣Ǹտѿôôˣ
ÿ죬Щħˣ
һԲԣΪŹ֡
ǣ꯵ĵ뿪нµı꣬Լɿȥ󲢳ͷϵӣ⼸޹صľٶջˡ
꣡͵ҧһӣ𣬺𡣱ͥҺóԣǱȲϰﻨɽӡ
ĻɽϣóԵӡţȰȥˣͻԵġ
ӣҺ˱³˺Զ
оӡȻˡԼԼҲҪҺµԶԶģѿ
ʱӮˣǲױǴܵģǻ尳ߣ
ճһõ˵˵ˡ

һĻ˿
ǿúӵӪȣԼפĸּɡ죬ǣ΢΢һЦ
ӲûʧŶԵĸš
ҪССĴĻıˣǿܻ̲סնɱա
ìܵ뷨ǰ̿ӱϷŪǣǺǴӴˣնɱҲǡ
ЩǿߵĽ
ͦˣһм
ʼΪ˰Ÿһĥѵѡòɿ
չĴӪԣͨʥӪľ󽫳һ
Ԫʼʥ£Ԫ˧һѡ
ûˣͲˣĺôɽҲӦ
ԼĹͣϺϷĹͣԼĺСռһѡ
䶨󣬿ʼ׷װȥתתķ䡣
ɳӡׯɽԨطӭźõѡ
֮⣬ʮһеÿһѣҲĶ󣬼Ҫܾá
˽ʮŰźá
˵ڶʥǣͬٸṩĻᡣ
Ķ࣬ȻջҲ࣬ͬʱҲջĶࡣ
кôģศɡ
˺ǿİʮһѣɽ壬壬ʥ˽ɣʥ¡ɢˡͥебΪֺţŶֵ˺ü
ԪӾͬӣӵʥ˷ֳȥׯۣĥҲǸɾ͡
ϾĥԽ󣬳ɾԽ
Żм̫ͲãԼˣ춼һСкܾҲΪһĥѡ
ġĸȴʥˣҲС
֮𣬰Żյһ㣬Ȼ»׬ȡ㹦¡
ڷŻյĶҲܣȼմһ죬ʱǳϨʱ
ܸյҲܸϨ˻
źһЩ󣬾͵ŶǸˣת˲Զˡ
ֻҪˣϷݣ


950 ̫ë
ɽв֪£ת˲ꡣ
ɳ׶ת۱ˣ任˼ʱ⡣
Ҳ뿪գȥЩⲻ֪ȴ˸Ĺִ
죡
үиֻԴһֵֻëӡ
ֻһģĺСͯȻ˵
Сͯиͬ飬ǸһСͯŮͯüĿģŮ˫ۺ죬üһɰ
ǳƺүһĵˡ
Сͯƺ˺⣬СͯŮҲæ˹ӡ
ڡŻˡ
һƣС޶Цˡ
С޶ȥǲ򵥣Լ̫ҽɵĲΣȻСͯΪ
ͯĵˣһ΢Ц˹ա
ȻסˣȻܵԼԪУ컯һԪڲǵһγ
ˣԼһƺԼһУԪ궼ŵòᡣ
ԪҪըһһּΣգּ׽Ϥĸо
üָоǶסһ
ԭֻΪ΢΢һЦԼһۡ
ǺǣиëӡһЦ
үǺȷֵġСͯ˵
ָëӶѣʲôġСŮͯ˵
ֵүţë˭ΪʲôѺǲӣүˣëӵү⡣
СŮͯ
̫ͯԶĺͺ
ããСëΪʲôѹǲǲˡ̫Ц
̫һδСרģרΪ޼ʥ˶
ǰ̫Ҳ죬ƺһؿˣܾϵ޼Զˡ
̫ۺϵǲɵģԼԤڤҪȥɽ硣
̫Ū׸ˣǰһۡ
Ҳûż뵽˱ѹĺӡ
͹һ׿̫Ϊǰ˭ûΡ
ҴӺԼԨԴҲ˵Լɾ͵ĺӣȻ
һߣ
ëëˣ˭Ϊʲô⣿СŮͯװҺ׵ģ׵ûУɰġ
ջڻãУȻشˡ
Ǹɵӣ㿴أԼ˴ܡ
ףһвĺӡСһơ
̫˵үȰκðɣκ˺ӵĲ˭
Σһ¾ͺˡ
ģĴ۾̫
ѽү˵Ȼģ̲סˣһƣʹ°ѺӴˣҲᣬһ顣
ڣСޣȥһȥһߣպȻˡ
塢Ԫ컯һԪƽ
ˣˣȻˣүҴõġֳ̫
Ӻŭ𣬺˵Ŀţһ̷֣ԼңҲô˵
Ϊ˵Сͯ򵥣ǵ˸ǿֲ
ղžһ΢ЦԼŻġ
ӣ˭ΪιˣģһҪʳӵ·ýүԼ
ңңС޶𿪣𿪣һôǺãµޡ
ûãԲ˵ٴһ¾ͺˡæ֧С
ͣʥաں˳
ڱѹ޷ӣܲǽղ֮
ԾС޶û취
ʥ
ʥˣ
ʥôô
˭ܳͷʥˣѹˣүİɣ
үġ

˾ȵԴǵѹʥ˵ֻүѵҲһʥˡ
Լû˵ëʥ˰
󵨣ëƭˣôôʥˣǺôĵӣðʥˡ㣬㲻ˡԼƭˣôʥˡ
Ϊʲôðʥûسͷ⣿ɻˡ
ү𺪵ʾˡ
ˣˣСһ𳳣ë˵һƺʥˡ֪ο磬ܵͷġ̫
̫һ㲻ϲ˳
ԭ˿̣ϲֲ٣ɺͺ𲻽֣ڡ
ܳԾȻô֪ߣƺԼʥֲñѹˡ
ţһҲͬ
СͯˣԼʥ
˵ˣԼѵѹ˲꣬ͱˣôѾˡ
ѵǲ֪ظͥ¼
ޣ֪ߵĺӡ
ǣûʶСӡ
˿ʼˡ
ڣС񣬰ô֪ˣȥظֹͥһ֮УôͲܽʥУСû۽ûʶͱڮˡ
̫˵ڣû˵
˵ģҲǺƢܺͺôģ̫һμ
ûʶСŶ󣬾Ȼ˵Ǽʶʾˡ
ߣˣһǧˣһǧꡣս
˵꣬Ȼͺסˡ
˵һǧԪһǧԪ᲻ǶүüˣΪһǧԪô
ˣ˵һǧꡣ
һǧꣿܣһǧ껹û˯һʱ䳤أһǧԪɣ
С޶ɵ˰ɣһǧ꣬һһǧ꣬һǧǰûءոоԼӮˡ
ͺ
ûһǧ꣬һǧԪᡣ
ӣ㣬һԪᵱһļ𣿡Ȼĵ˾䡣
ʲôԪ᣿С˾䣬ô˵һЩĪĻ˲˵ʵˡ
𣺡
սʤսʤظޣսʤͥսꯣ߸̫ӣһսܵУСı͵Ϯһ£ǻôˣ
˷ܵ˵أϾû˽Ҳÿһ
ܶ໰˵Ѿ˸ղС޵ĹΪ
˵ԼĹأС۹뿪ˣܵǲ˵ĵǰ
үǲһɵӣһ°ɣëɵĹֿѹˡ
ۡһЩϲ
ëûʶٵˣ˵ĶġȻΪģǸˣҪ˾ͺá̫ͯ˵һ
ա
շ̫߹ʱ򣬻̲סҪ
㣬˭
ΪΪΣΪΣϤĸо
ңң˭
ƺС
գ𣿡̫ûĲ⣬һ䡣
㣬ʵʲôʲôڣ
һУڡ̫
һУҵһ𣿡ƺ̫Ļħ
֮պȻ֣Լ˸ճʱڣһжĺӡ
֮˺ȺˮʦֱѹԼǾһֻء
ֻУȻ֣ԼģҲǼ̵˲䣬ȻԼѹԼ칬˲䡣
һԼڻɽʱſϵǣ֪ߵغ
ǳѰʦУһҹԼϣһοǳ
ԼбǶʱԼſա
ͥ԰ʱԼϿա
ԭ֣Լôɵĸо𣿻ǽձһ¸ߵͣ
߶У޾սձԸߵ͡
࣬ࡪ͵ҡͷŴλ˹
ٿǰʱ򣬷ĵˣ˵СͯѾˡ
մӰҲ˺ҹ̧ͷֿǳһĵĿ
ɣս⣡
ģǼٵģˣСǳ

һ˻𣬿չû˸֮ǰһĻǼٵġ
ֱ侲Ȼ֣Լ䲻ܵԪ񣬵ԼԪ񣬾Ȼøӵˡ
޲ԤʾţԼġ
һֹһԼָԼԪ񣬺Լ̵ĵôģ
ˣﲻ֪˭ʦĸоһշģһ죬һҪҵ㣬лָ֮
ղ֪Լôһٻûã˵ˡ
˵꿪ʼһ
ֱ
գգ
ţԺ۾е۵ĸоƮһƮƮŮӡ
ǹ
Ǳ㣬кڣ
͡һЦʿ߰ɡ
Ȼ𣿡һ̾ûƺԤ֮С
ѵȥ𣿡
ﲻպȻˡ
ʣΪԼȥ
Լܻɽġ
Լȥֻսһ˳˶ֻ˵ֻۣǰİˡ
Լȥˣ˵һлġ
Լȥġ
ͨ𣿡ʿʡ
ͨˣʲôۣյж˵֣ء
գѹˣʹǰһˡЦˡ
Ҳһˣһʧ
ĵұҺǴβ֪Ǽٵŷ֣ҪɵģҪߵغġұΪһֻ𣿻˵﷢ֻкܶź
²͸ʲôʵ˵ǻԵҲǿ顣úһ˺У·˵ء㱣ȡ澭ʱ͹Բˡ

մӦˡ
ˡ
ղףԼôʹӦˣ
ҲûףԼôôɵ˵ˣ



951 ߵ
⣿Σ߶򣿡
۷ԼȻһĵطһ֣ҪʿջϢ
ѵү˵ıԴۺȻ뵽
֮ϣбԴԴȪʱ˵
ǵһμ
⵽ģһ㱡
ͻȻ
ĶҪҪǣԸһΣ
һѯʣȻ۵ĳ˼ֻһӰۣĳֳ̫ģ
𡣡һ󾪻ţæݼ
񣬰ձ˵ģԸһ£ſԪȥܡ
ǣ
۰̫˵ģĽſԪԴ֮ء
嫡Բڵĸоĳʱһε谭Ԫܺʹ˵໥ںϡ
۴˹
ʲôо̫ʵ
𣬵ӸоһҲе嫺谭
ţ̫˵ͷԴ취ѿͿɣģԻһֲҪ֮ģȥɾһġ
⣿
Ӳ
޷ͺãֻǸһ˼·˵ˣ̫˵ˣֵ
˵ĺ嫣ĺﹲĺ嫣ںϣָᷢ嫡ȻǰתģĲںϡ
˵谭Ϊ˵زҪں֮أ磬Ҫȥɽ磬嫣ɣȶģȻɽںϣܵ嫣֮谭Ҳûˣ°ɡ
̫˵꣬һ¶ۻ˻֡
ļãת
££
ţһ͵ۣԼڡ
̫׽ںԼ
ţ̫ףôڡ㻽޺£۷Լܸղ˸Σ˵֪ıٻԼ˵һصĻ
ʵԼһֱڵġ
£תѾ·úȳգóѵġ̫׵
֪ˣ°ɡ۰˰̫ˡ
ˣԼ˵·ʱ̫һԼ
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̫ߺ󡭡
ԽԽˣȻַʽٻң
ֻǣʲô˼ĳģѵҲҵĲԲ
۽ܴ󣬷ԼԲǸоԼԼԼʧȥ˺ܶࡣ
ңÿͥһٻĸоٻԼľԲԽԽǿҡ
⣬˵ɽҵķ粻ǣ
뵽ϵڤ磬ɽеڣôܺͺһ
Ҹү𣿡
⣿۲ˡ
ߺ˵ңȥ
ܸоΣɾ͸ܡεҡҡͷ
УΪβٻҹȥǻþָ㣿ѵ𻹶ҴǰΪǲǳʱȥǸ
ˣ

綫ʤޣһƹ
һɮʣһŵӡ
Ĳʱ¹ֻ֣ǲ
ɮǽӵĵʮתȻһɮ
из֮ԴԭΪС˷չ̫ľ
ţ·ʥأҷġ˷𷨡ʺȥȡ澭
ıһɮõ˼
һõξǵõ˹ָ㣬һġ
ᶨģ˵ȥȡ˷𷨡Ǵ󹦵¡
Ҳ˵˽ܼѡ
Ȼʲ¼ѣھƻ̤ͣȥ죬ȡ澭̡
һ·ϰɽˮϵһָĴɽ
ϢʣȻ˺Լ֡
ҵ֮ķ֣һֻɽסĺӡ
ֻһԴһֱ¶档
ǶƶĺУʣ
ˣŵɮᡣ
Ϊһɮ޾岻ϲĳš
ɫûչֳȻ֪ħֶڣһӲס
ʵӷƶɮʣʩԵ֪

ȻһҵĴЦӵЦЩվס
Ȼ㣬Ȼ㣬ˣʦ
ʩ⣿
ʦ칬ʥѹڴˣǰ˵һƶʷʦȥȡ澭ðﻤǰ졭
˵꣬һţûɡ
ԷޱϵټԼҲǱ㻯ȻŲɡ
ͽ֪ܵ˵ֻİţûаţԼҲҪȥģ¿ܻ
֮󣬰յָʾɽҿ˷ԡ
ǸسŵģԶһҪ
ּͿˡ
̫ϲˣԽҿ󣬷Ļع顣
¡
ꡪ
Զʣе㾪ȵĿһС
ӷƶɮҪ˵ͽܡ
ֻǳƺΪʦҺͽܣ
ʦųƺʦųƺʦ״֮ƺ
ͽǰƣͽƣͽ֮ǰ˵ĲлԻ͵Ҳʦֻһʦѡ
ǻ۸ʣǴӼ򵥵ļԻյͣͿ˺ܶࡣ
ûܶҡ˵ȡ澭ǵһиͽܾиͽܰɡ
ﱻѹҷȱԵѹͽǸѱģңγҲлأ
ҲãǶԵӵĿ飬Եлա
ʶ뷨


ˣˡ
ˣ
ññֻ컯һԪҲϲ
ֻϸʱ֣컯һԪ̵֣ĳ컯
컯⣬컯⣿ʱĵ֡ϲ
ˣ컯һ·գĵġ
ˣԶԶԣһҪҵһ㶡
ڲʱ򣬼ȻӦ˹ʣԼ˿̾ǷҲǷŵĶ֡
ԼԼĸоԼͺȥ죬о޴Ĺ¡
վԼ˵

˲ǰ
ûκΪһ˵ӣһݵӣг˴飬Ҳǻۡ
Լ˵в򵥡
οô˵о֮֮
ҲգΣһΡ
ͽհݼʦлʦ֮ոһݡ
𣬿𡣡΢΢һЦ룺ǸõĿʼ
̽ʣʺγҲ̽ء
ʦͽ̤ȥ·
һʱշкǻۡ
Ψһǣʦĺ܆£ŸԼһµļֵ
Լܸı𣿱˾Ͳˡ
ӦʣʿóȴҲżеʱ䡣
˱ʷȥ죬Уִ־Σĸо
֮վͷˣȻԤУȡûô򵥣ҺǶҲ
ֲԼǰ֣ԲԵĸоеˡ
˱ʷտʼһ·С
죡
գΪǿգ
ʦΪͽ
գɺֲһ
ʦ˵˵ˣ͵ʦ˵һнԿգĿաͽû˴ѹңġա
޷աһнԿյģֻзɣǲǷûʲôΪһнԿգԲ𡣡
ŶʦҲзŲµִ𣿡
ȻΪʦִǴ˿ȡȡ澭ΪʦִִΪʦη壬Ҳ˶
ʦͽܶԷµ⡣
ӷͺá

˵꣬ʦͽ˳Ĭ˺ܾá
ɵʺȻգΪʦȡµΣ
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Ϊʦ˼ǣա֮ģΪִܺãûʧз򡣲㲻統ķţһµ֣ҲһնϹȥΣ
һЦʦıңôôִأ
ӷգΪʦıģΪʦҲûرܹΪʦžʯΪżûáΪʦôǣΪʦ뵽һʺ֡
𣿡һ˼
˻ʣʦͽȡʲô֣
աĿ꣬һнԿգһнԲգԲһֳ֡ԲѣΪʦȡֽУߣ
ߣһ㶡
ԣߣ
ߺ⣿
һߵˣһ·ϵߣһΪաߵˣΣ
ߣߣߵߣãã
պȻЦˣʦԼյҪϣԼһпÿʱһԲľ
ǴǰԼԶԶյĺ塣
ȻҲȫ˭ظͥôһƬɨΪ޵ˡ
ֻǺǿԼ˵أվһõξ֣ԼԶ
벻֪Ϊôǿ֪˺εȴڡ
ġˡܺһս֮ղԶ
ҪǿҪĿǰﲻġաġ
簴ʦ˵ģߣߵߡ
뿪յлʦ﷨գߣաߡ
ƣ΢Ц˵ͷǸı䣬ǱĬġ



952 к̨
·ϡ
ʦͽ·ԨСʵİ
˺һսշ˰
ԭ̫ӣҲǺԼһȡˡ
Сһͻʧȥ䣬ҲԵðûǸѱѪ̵̫ӡ
ֻе棬СòΪ
Լսʱ򣬾ȻܺԼսϼٻغϡ
е㻳ˣ
ֻĺӣΪβ
֣ȴǰǿĸо
ѹС
ҲһЩͷ˼ΪԴӺʦкЩԼеأ
ҺãҲû룬žȡ澭ΪãȻҲԼͷϵĽ䡣
뵽վ
Լ˼˻쵰ɮ͆¸ûûˡ
̥Ĳ֪Լֲ
һ֮ˣô̽һ·ô죿
ոеǣžȻûд󶯸ɸ׽Լ
ľٶոӵɻͥһȦԼȻ֮ǰĴʥ·ɶԼʮֵĿ
Լ칬ʱ򻹿պܲ⣬ôԼѹ꣬˶Լˣ
ղ֪֮ͥ˵ͦԼԸǾˡ
Կһӣǲܿһսսص飬Ӿˣǵġ

ͥһȺԱԱţͥ˵ǸУնͥĸоȶԷźá
żŴɣŴһȰ棬Ϻþдձ˵ˣȥʣҪõˡ
ȵе󣬻ûʣսžƾһʵİ񶼺ڵĽ
ȻļǵãԼϽһ̡
ʱתԪгһ˸ķʱ޿̲Ĭϴ䡷ҪϴԼҪлԼ
վһ̣ԪһɵϢɨǽ˸ķӣ˲䱻ˡ
ûɢûдԼԪ뿪Ǳˡ
ǣ˽ĸлȴȻ˽Լܣûзá
Ѿˡ
Ϊ־ķ֣Լĥ¡±ϴԣǽԼԼһԼеĵĿܡ
ҺǻɵϢԪУԼġ㻯
һΣշĺΣգΣգԼԪоȻһ˸ķ
ԪԼܲĵطǻɵ
˭˭
еź
ûκ˳ֻ֣һ仰仰Ϥĸоƺ벻
仰˵Ҫ֪˭ܼ򵥣ɴ˴ε񣬱ɮȡ澭ɵʱ׵ģ˽ûô򵥡
仰յ𶯺ܴ󣬺ܴ
͵͵ĳɮϢȥţʦΪյһθеδ֪Ϳ־塣
ʦ벻˭ܰԼ
ûҵᣬбǶʧˡ
ûдڹոӵĿ־塣
ͺԼǰľģȫǼٵһ
εĻ˺ܶܶࡣ
Ȼص˵Լ֪ģ˵ûԼ򵥣ԼţȰˣԼҲԭ
Ӵյ͵ˣҲĬˡ
յı仯ɮΪãʵɮϲ
մϽܲϲ
оⲻǴȱһĥ
ɹ˵ҪõûԵֻѺͻ
ȻյǺܲ죬ҪмĽ
ɮ˵ˣ뵽˻Ҫһ·У뵽յĥѣֻдĥѲдջ
ԼͽܣһʱĽӴķԸ
ԸãȴҲΣա
ʴӦˣӴն˸䡣
ƺصһİ״̬еֻʦͽܣҪĽˡ
ɮΣϲǸϲ죬Լĵա
ȥԼϹϾա
ʦͽһƥǰС
·£Ǹ˽ǿϺУ˲ļһ
ͺ棬ԴɽǱһ
Ҳˣȥ죬һ·Ҫĥѡ
ϾԼод󹦵¸оÿԼʾһĥѣо͸ǿһ㡣
ԭһǲ⣬ı仯һ̽̽ǲÿξһѣԼĸоǿһ㡣
뷨մ̽һ¡
ҫɮģ˹ֵ̰ŻҪɱʦͽˣðռΪС
ͷһС
ɻķ֣ƺԼ´ˣĺպܲ⡣
һĻžͳˡ
ԼȻԼͨȻʦܻ֣ͽպܾȡ
ѵ𣿡һ˼뵽˹Ŀıܻ֣Ȼ
ʵˣͷףһҪȥҹĿܻ֡
պɻΪҪ
Լ˾ǣΪָָԼȥҹĿ
ûд⣬Ľ˱ܻ֡
͵һˡ
˿̣ķŻˣԼȻֻܿĿıܻ֡
ĸе㤡
ƺԼһУһƻ˵ĲС
ϸ뾭ԼҪ̽̽˹ֵ
ŻԼȻָȥҹĿ֮˴˿̣Լ˻
ѵѵ簳ⶼһ޴ıУһУӰﱻʦȳһоͶźˣ
һ־δ֪
˶Լ˵ûԼô򵥡
һֻꯣһԼԪصĴڡ
ǶֻƬǽϴ˴Լ뷨ġ
һʱ벻֮ͨ£ôԺ
ڶһȣ˯˸ôһˡ
գôˣʾŵʡ
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뵽ԪǾ书ԲһУֻôοԼס˵
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̾һ뵽˹أֲˣ
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Һô˺ܾԺҴС˵ֺͺܾĹϵ
ܲˣǱܾˡ
մȥ

ĺܾĿ顣
̫үү˵ֻҪͺһȻ󡮲Сġ̫֮үүң
̫үүǿҡҲ̫ҽɣǸӣοŵͣǺ컯һԪҲͺսƽְˡҪѰ
ܾ̫Ļ֮һܰԵĺˡ
ƺ̫ܰүү
һԱҲŵһԱŷֵ˼ĥѣռһ
һؾǺܾܺصġ
Ѿ˺ܾã͵ʦͽ
ʦͽˣ֪ܺԼ񣬾Ͳһˡ
̫үү˵ֻҪԲܻ˹´ﵽ޲ΡһǺú̫үүļƻɡ
̫үү˵ܸŶˣܸ嶪ˣҪǶˣ̫үүҵƤ
ܺһ£̫үүǲҰ
뵽ˡ
ţӿˣһ°ɡ
ܺһ֣һɼҵһɢųζ
ŵĻ壬ȻαװǸһĹĨڡ
ܺһ̾ˣΪ˹¡
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ĺӣǿԱѾˣͣͰɣ
ܺǸµļһû档
˵˵Ųú˶š
ȻúˣһֻӬˡ
װ˯ܺĲУ̫ˣҺðܺڴ˯ô͵
Ҳƣܻã˯ڡ
ô֪͵ߣ
վãһɡ
е棿
УȻΪ
ûԼоǼٵĲ¶ˡ
ôֱɽѹǰѵһĸֳ·
һƺܣȻɡ
Լʱ˵ظԼͥġ
ԽԽʵˣ

ˣܾˡ
һᣬһ
ĺܾţүүˣ־ܣȡģ򶨽𣬺ߣ
¡
ܾˣЦˡ
ҵ˭ⲻ˵ʲô˭ȡģͺ¿Ķүүϡ

˵ĶԻʼչעĸɫһ
µķţҲû
ͥøŵģе̫ˣһȺͺ¿
Ĵ֣˵̫ˣһȺͺ¿

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պͺ¿Ҳ⣬㾹ȻҶ̣ʥ¡
䣡
컯һɱսһ
ܾ̫ҽɵĲΣսڽڰˡ
̫ձˡ
һֱΪǽɣ̫ңⲻ԰
ָ֣Ҳأ
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ܾһˣԼѺĹǿʵû˼ˡ
ԿʼջʵһûһеӦš
һã󣬸ӵļᶨˣԼһҪ֪𰸣Լȡɹ
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мᶨƬãȻ찳ȥˣԲ֪ôˡ
뵽ԽսԽ¡
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ԣԽսԽ£ܾڽڰˡ
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̫үүңܾƵغ
̫үү̫Ѷûãɣŭ
˭˵ûãСëȥһߣһǿյ
ˣ

֮󡭡
ˣϵģϡ
徭ʲô
ջ룺ԼҪȡ˺ܾܾ̫үү
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̫үүʲôԼû壬ֻǸоԼʶһָͷˡ
Ȼɳ˺Զ
ڶסӣոоԼ裬ƴҲҪսܾ̫үүɵһ˹
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Լϻ˴ƴ˼̫үүѾˡ
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ס
ոԼסֻҪͶ֪ˡ
侲һᣬŹԼȥȥˡ
ʲԣն϶Ľһ¡
ǹԼʦͽһظл
ڣ
ˣвͬµˣǰС


953 Լ
·Ԫ˧ꡣ
ʼ˼һص⣬غԼСǰ̡
ôһ˺ദôŪһʥҪദܾúܾã
Ԫ˧Ϊ
˿Լ⸱٣Ԫ˧ܰա
ԼͥԪ˧Ȼһͷܡ
Ǳ·ģģЦȻǵϷ϶ӡ
ɵ˲ŻȥϷ϶ӡ˵ɽ̫ǲ϶ı̫϶ӣֻ϶Ӷѡο˵ɽ̫ϣһԶţϹŵΪðѹһˣǶôӲʹȥ϶ӣ
뵽Ԫ˧ơ
ܰ
֪ףԼڱһ
ǲ֪ģΪԼȥ϶أ
Ҫ϶Ӳ֪ΪԼƿô죿
˭Ԫ˧Ԫ˧󶨻ȥ߶šһ
Ԫ˧ķĵ
һᡭ
Ȳ˵ˣôһӡһദɡ
ˣú󣬻иϻƾ󽫡
ǼһǸƨ
Ԫ˧ֳ˼ˡ
ԼΪֵε£
ΪԼǽؽˣ౦Ҳ棬ԼʦȻԼֻǸӡ
ΪԼųеһ
ھһǲ̵ġǻƨ۵СС󽫳еˡ
ôһ㣬ûһ򵥵ġ
ɮΪǣǽתûмûΪǸΪǡ
һܽƻϲúȡϲһҪע㡣
СǸѷļһ˵ǿиϵҲһ˵˼Ը񣬵ҪԷһ
ںӣǸˣҪǴ˴εҶ˵ﾫﾫģֻʶ㣬ֻСԪ˧ǿװɵӣ
Ԫ˧뵽ˣÿС
ͼ컬ĻӾУҲǴ͵ģΪԲĹ£Ͳֺš
ҾǿҲаԪ˧̫ԲΪתֻнˣҪǿҲûʵ
˵Ҫƻ˸ϵΣԼָᱻ
ܽܽȥͼ컬Ļá
οҲ˵ˣԼʧܺë࣬ܳкӵΰ
ԼҪǰѺӵĻˣôͨилӣ
ˣӡ
Ԫ˧ˡ
ʼպʵĵ
ʱúܿ죬Ԫ˧ݼƻȥ˸ׯһƣԳԲΣŵô仨͸үᡣ
Ӵ˸ׯ˸
պɮˣʾȵĺÿడٲ̲סƻŮ仨
ɮø߶ձøѡء
ʦͽ˵Ĺϵȥˡ
ҹ޸ׯүʹԼһȥӡ
ɮĴȱĴܴ󣬴塣
Լô죿
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ӷᱻͷġɬ
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ԴǴκСǲԼԼǻĴɳɮƭҲˡ
޲ʲʵûá
ڼ䣬˾һĸŮֱɽĸ͡λ̽ʦͽȡĵġ
һһϵĶûУ˽仹Сߴ仨أĻѰ
ʦͽ˾˴ο飬һɽׯ
ǰ档

ɽׯۣ
ɸͬٵ˼ң
ôĿﵱ칬ô
ء
ÿӣǲҴ򣿡˵Ŀء
û˵꣬µ˽ס죬һֵ̿Ŀׯۣ¿ͨʦͽˡ
磬˵ᣬᡭ
ӣôôСҾ˵˵ôۡҶѵׯ˵ãҡֱסˡ
ʦ֣ʦ˵Ķԣ˵ɳɮҲµļæµӣסӵ졣
ɮһˣǺͽܣڶô³ç˵Ӳܲˣɮ
ˣգҪ˵ˡɮ˰֡
ʦ֣ʦ˵Ķԣ˵ˡɳɮ
磬ʦʦ˵ĶԣҪ˵ˡ˽䡣
ɳɮһ㶣òƶʦ̨ʣ׷һ䣺ʦ֣ʦͶʦ˵Ķ԰
ˣһ𣬶
ʱ
֨ѽ
һŴ򿪵ׯ۵ĴŴˡ



956 ١
Ƕƹĸɮ
ֻ򿪵ǰС̬ͯ
ӷƶɮƶɮʦͽ·˵أϢһ
ʶСͯ˵
ͯ¡
ȻҲСͯķǵı͸Ԫȥɽ硣
Ҽүȴʱλɡ˵˵
ӷлʩ
ʦͽ˿ʼׯۡ
շһ飬ǻ첻ߵİ˽䣬ͺʦܣθء
ܴϸܵźͻ̿֡
˽䣬˲򵥣պȻյǰʡ
ֹ򵥣ԪʥȿȣӦò򵥣Ҳ֪˽һţЩ˵©죬Һסˡ
˽Ĩ˰ͷĴ󺹡
ʲôԪӣӣ˵ܸо򵥡
ȿȣʦ֣ʦǽȥءɳɮ۹·˷ģһ˽Щ˵©죬æΧ
ƺɹͬˡ
ռûھŹ˽䡣
ǣҪȥʱ˽ס
磬һΣβһܲһһҪ˼ص㣬ⲻǱʱҪСġ˽仹£˴㾯һ¡
ǰʦ֣ʦ˵ö԰ɳɮҲ
˽ŵӣԽĿ϶˼Ҳˡ
㣬ʦͽ˽ׯۡ
أһȥ󣬵ȴһ춴ء
ͥԺͽ£Ϲӣȥǳ
˰Ŷ룬Ҫһ¡
µĴ£ʦͽš
ֻսţͿһͦε
ֵǣԪӲأֻһʯ
ʯӡ̵ˣô˵أ
յһۿգ޿ɼĸ˸ͨ󣬸ԼһҪһ񣬲Ĺعݡ
ɮҲˣԼ˷棬ǰǰĲʲô񣬶Ƿ棬֮ɮʼ¹
ɳɮûʦүԪʼ𣬵һּˣһݡ
˽ûͨʥˣһ̼ˣһݡ
ϵĹݺ󣬷򣬲Լĸˡ
ǷӣҲʥˣһģĵ˽̤гһȡ
˲ԣô͹ˣ
գĹݵֻʦᡣ
⻹ǵڶζԱ˳Ĺݡ
еҲе㲻⣬ԼôͲ֮ĹˣΪı
ɮе㣬ԼǷŵӣôһϵҸˣæӷ
Ψ˽ɳɮûб仯ǿԪʥˣʥ쾭壬ûʲôˡ
˲ϲ
ٺ٣СôǾأֻһأҲʡ
ŶһЦ֪˵ʲô
⻰ˣǰʲô
ҼүʦҲǵʦүʦүֻͬ졣ʥķֻͽ˵ͽﶼ㲻ϣ˵Ҽүʦѵأ½˵
⻰ڴ
˵ˣ˽ɳɮɮˡ
ʲôͯ˵ʦֻͬ죬ܻԼΪ죬ǸĴڡ
˵ģ˽ɳɮ𺳡
룺Ԫʥʦĵ񣬶ԪʥǵһʥˣʦǺ͵һ
Сͯȥſ񡱵Ľܣ˵˵ģΪٵģܲҵķɡ
ʥ˵ʦ˽ɳɮеܣòƿؼĴܡ
ɮǳ
ͯ˵·ͽＶģͽﶼ㲻ϣֱ棬ǡ
ɮҪȺԸԵʣһˣǴ񰡡
գܻš
ͽﱲԼʲô
׾ˣ㡭ޣ׾ٵѹԼôǿķ棬Ȼͽﱲ
ǲأΪûҪֻʦ
ǰǣʡ
ЦҼʦүǳƺС
˵꣬ˡ
ţ̫ˣû˵һ֮ϵĸֲ
ˣֵˣҲУҲôƺҼʦү
⡪
һ룺ƭӡ
æ۽𾦣һ˿ҲûУСͯһľҷ
԰
Ǽʶ٣޵ĵţ֪ġ
һߡ
Այ𺳣˽ɳɮ侲࣬ڿ϶һ£Ԫʥ˵ʦȻǵ漶ġ
ֲԪʥǵһʥˣԭһߵʦͽ͵ͨˣԼʦүʥˣе浱ʦǵһʥˡ
ԭأи͵ƽĴڡ
ԼΪɶû˵˽ɳɮʶ˵㡣
˵Ϊ̫ߵˣһǲ֪ʲô֪ʲôܡ
ԼΪֻ֪ͣһЩСܣθ˲ܽӴߵܡ
ûɮյ𺳡

Ȼµͯ˵ˣɮȻλɮԳƺҼʦүٷ𣡡
ɮ
ɮо׺أ׿ˣǸԷʮֲѺõļһ
ôҷ鷳֪ﰡ
Ҫ뿪Լץ˶ܣԼܿÿһҷģΪŵɮˡ
Һã
º԰ˡ
λȥɣҼүһͻʱԸҶдλ룡
ˡɮչǸɮŸɮò
˼ͬʦͽˣ˿Уһᣬֻ̳ĸӡ
λʱø˲ι죬Ҽүнλʱ
ĸӣɳɮ˽Ĳˣȴɮŵòᡣ
ӷ𣬰ӷ𡣡ɮ룺ǹӣĸͯ
˲ιֳƲݻһһ졭ꡭһţһڡ
罾Ķʦͽ˵
˵ʦүүģ˲ιȴڴ˽硭ˣλɡ
ŵһܣ˵ɳɮ˽һĿ
˵һɻ
˲ιѵͥһãǳԹҵģʵ
ԴӽׯֵۣĲ򵥡
Լʶ¹򣬻ʦܵı֣ԼСͯ˵ЦġԿ䡱
֮ʮֵĲ򵥡
㣬ԼĻһֵôׯۣһʱӳٵĵط
ոĽСġ
ȻͥˮҶȲϣ˵;ǧˣ԰ɡ
Ļش˺ӵɻߴٵ
ǰͲˣлԪǰ˽ѳֲסˡ
ҲˣлԪǰɳɮƺûʦŤĿ⣬ģʱ򲻳Բɵӡ
ɮʾԣԡ
Ȳ˵˼˲棬˵ӣޣԲ°һھͲûš
ȻɳɮͰ˽Ļȴǵա
ĵ԰룬Ԫ˵Լǹɻˣˡ
Ҳڳ˲ιֹȻ˵һڣ綼ɶ
ԼԵǿ˺ܶ࣬ĵرΪ

û·˽ȥ͵˲ιҲûڵ˲ι˴ε˶ء
ɳɮͰ˽ΪţԪӵȻӼԼˡ
һɻ룬ȻôԪദ
ɮֻ뿪뿪һøжûеĵط˶̫߰ѷıһֲֵǸʮĵط
˼ˣڵȵԪӵټ
ô˵أ
崺ĸоΪΪСͯ˻룬ġ
ԪϷһ֣ǸӣбǶĸо
Ȼյĸо
ɮߣΪ˼ֻںӣԼʥɮ˼ҵͷͲˣԼ͸ˡ
ɮᶨΪȻԼ¶ˣǸԷŲˣ˲ܳýӴ
˽ɳɮһɣҺԪʥûԼСϺףͺãҪǶԼ׽Լ¡
˱ʥΪβ򣿡Ԫˣյ
ʥҲʥʥΪι򡣡պܽţҲ
Ŷѵ㲻֪ʥҲһԪЦ
Ǻܿúӵģͬģ˴ǰźӵоܣԼԲĥӡ
кβһΪǿ𣿰ﲻšһڡ
̽٣̽Լе뷨
⣬һԼʦһůˣվòẦԼ
ɳɮͰ˽ɵУֻվӾԪӶȥ
ˣˡ˽ɳɮͬʱ뵽
һذɮɳɮͰ˽䣬Լʧȥʶ
ֻһ񣬼ԪӶȥ

ֻԪһȻֹ
ӱסס
Ķû£տʼʼʼһδεĳԡ
ԪӾѹϵ
һ֣֡ʮ֡
շ֣ԼٵѹԽԽѹԴλԪӵʥˡ
޴Ĳ࣬ձסһ֪̾һڷĴڡ
ԼǰǸһĺӡ
Ҳڿ϶иԼǰľܲԡ
˵ǣҲ϶ˣλǰûкԼ뷨ƺĥԼ
ѹԽԽ顪
۵
컯ţȻУڹˡ
µһ̣ѹûˣԼϵĽҲûˡ
ôʥˣ˵ҲǴʥǵ˭ǿ˭
հݼǰһԼǿûкԼĥԼģվǽҲİݼ
Ϊ˵кܶĲҪѯʡ
ǰǴ޸ˣʥ˿Ǵ޲Σ
ǣʥ˱ȴ޸ߣʥ˲𣬶ǳϡ
𣿡һǳϣ˵޴ԼϣԼҲʥ˲
⣬ʥ˱ȴ޻ҪǿȻ
֮Ͽʥˣ
ǣ֮׼ʥ׼ʥ֮ϲʥˡԪҲشˡ
Ȼûȥʹεر
û׼ʥε޷
û˵ʥУֳѺ֤ʥˡ
ա
޹Ȼ㣬׼ʥ׼ʥ֮ϻʥˣʥ˲ƽƽ
͵ҡҡͷѵãⲻǸ̾ʱʣ
ǰо٣ǷУ

ԪЦˣԼ˴μյԭ
٣棬ûʲô٣ֻȱٿٵ۾ʹٵʵʵģǻҲģܿ٣ҪԼ롭ȥɣ
˵һã֪εĻԵˡ
ҲûһƳʦͽ˶ڡ
ڴǰׯȴʧˡ
˳Ρ
ǣ
ոҿ϶ǣޱȵʵԼԪʥ˺ü⡣
ԪʥҲشԼ
⣬ԼΪ;磬ǳ˲ιԵʣǼٲ˵ġ
ʦʦû°ɡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣û°ɣ
˻ԴʦܵĽк˳
֮
ʦͽ໥˿û˵ΪɮأȻ֮ǰׯһУܲˡ
ջλʦϷΪ
϶ˣղŵĶġ
ҲʱղĻ䣬ʥˣޣ׼ʥԼ
Լһ㶣Լʲôƺˣʥˣޣټ棬ʵǿǻ۸ǴõԼٵ۾ƺʲô
һ
ˣʥ˵ʦ˵ţ˵ղˣʥ˻ǿʦ
ô⵽ʲôΣԽʥˣʥտʼŬ˼
һԵɳɮͰ˽ߴ˺üΣ˵ʦָˡ
ҲûȻŬ˼
Ϊ֣ԼԪʥʦļģһ˻Լһ֣ͻȫʧˡ
磡
Ȼ
һߵ죬屻һºȫˡ


957 з
պǰգһŭĿ˽䡣
˽һĲ⣬磬ǣǽûӦǸ·ˡ
˽͵
һ̾
ҲûˣղŻеһ˿䣬ɢˡ
֪ˣ߰ɣ߰ɡһ̾˿ʼµó̡
˶ܸоĳׯһУ˵Ĺϵøˡ
ƺɮϲɳɮòܴˡ
ͥնɳɮû⣬ǲĺӣʦ˵ɶɶ
Ψģÿ߶߶ĺСڹ˵
գһʱ䣬ʱԪӵĻ

٣棬Ԫǰ˼ǣʵǻ١ûи϶Ĵ𰸣ѵ˵ҴǰˣûңֻԼһЩصˣ
ǲ԰Ϊδǰ֣Դк󣬼ô֡Ȳ˵ЩֵɷӲһˣҲǿҪôз˼ı
뵽ˣɻˡ
޵֣أ
־Լæҡ
еĲԼ廨ŵ鱦ȣԼʮֵͷʹ
ҪԼ칬ʱô廨ŵıԼָͥͱնɱˡ
֮⣬ԼǰǣҲˡ
ܶԼ޲ߵ֣Ȼǵͯӣǵǵ¡
պʣô֪
һԪǰ˵ʵǻҲûпõ۾Ҳûдٵʵ
ڶΣôʵ
ǰһλǵԼѰʦʦᡣ
ǵڶΣȵϣԼΪǿ󣬴еٺԻá

ʦͽ˼С
һתۣ֮·һ롣
ڴڼ䣬˺ܶĥѣպ͸·ɷӵĳ£оա
ʦͽׯۿʼìܺͲѾĳˡ
ڣ˸󱬷
˵׹ǾɮȴֵΪɱ޹
һ֮һ䲻˵˺ӡ
ӵʱΪɮˣ˵ɮͣ˵԰ʦŵģյ¡
˼ǣȳĶ㻹ˣ߰ɣһԺ͡
һĻŵòᡣ
Ϊףȡûô򵥡
ȷغԼǰ̣ÿȹһѣԼܻĸоɹһ
ˣӿʼĲԸΪ˱˺Ҫǿ
ɮȻҪԼվòᡣ
ڣһֱڱ仯ġ
˵ǻۺ۽磬Ծׯۺͱˡ
ʼɻˣôʱŵĹȣɮأ
ôһɣͨˡ
ƺҲһĥѣһֱ˴εĥѡ
ҪԼԣԼߺ󣬻ɮԹޡʱԼɮգԼȣ
һʦͽ˲ܻᣬܸӵ޼䡣
ôһ룬˴š
ԼϲĻҲһĲ֡
ôȻ͸ˣǾȥɣǲԼϵġ
ҪԼ¶ˣⲻԪʥ˵ģǻ۵۾
ˣ˾޴ת䣬һԱһԱ
ǰǱ˲֣ԼݣԼͨǻϷòֵ¶š
մһ١˺ѷεġˡ
ɮˡ
һĻ
ˣʵܵǵġ
һׯۣžڵģڴڼԪʥ˸ա
ׯ۽󣬷źܽš
Ǵ˿̷ˡ
ջǸգԪʥûнҴȻǸˡ
ʦͽ˺ѷεӣǸ൱̡
һμ˵ܽġ
źܸˡ
ΪȻˣǾͼɡ
ҲҪСġ
ΪѣԲġ
Բģ˵ǸСϵѣСϵһѡ
зźܵǡ
ƻ˼ƻҪʥ˳Խ汣֤˲Ҫı֤ǲҴӦġ
ǿǺΪյԵʣԷĴ
ڱȰȰסҪʹˡ
һߡ
뿪ص˻ɽԼĴˣûµĻȥͥһ١
Ϻ⣬ʼպܽţԼ´ˡ
Ϻ
һɮڸʲôܡ
ԭûһӣôܡ
ҳԵûˣԼûˡ
ԺˣʣӶˡ
˽øˣľֵģĴ̼ɮ

Ҫ˵ʦҲˣǻȡʲôɢˣһҵĸׯɳʦɳӣʦҸˡ
⻰ɮЩѾǵһͷ˵ˡ
ڣиʡĵӡ
ʦ˵ʲôأ㿴ʦġɳɮ
ɮҡ
ȷĲᣬư
ǰأǰأ
˵ıʵ𣬺ˣҶܾûԸˣȡҲܽ˳Բ㿴Ӷˣˣ˽ִ̼
ӣ죡ҪǸϣɮ̲סˡ
Ϊ˽ÿ仰İ
ûձ˵˽䣬Բ˯ůˣۿŲȥˡ
ߣ˽һ䡣

ò˵Ϸİ˽úܲǴ̼ɮ
⣬˽ҲϣջΪڣԼ԰ĵӡ
ˣԼˣʲôԼģ۰
˯мСʱ䶼ˡ
⣬ʦܳ׳񾭲Ժߺ˴ɫСע⡣
˽ļǵá
һɳɮʦɳɮʦʱɫСȻ˳
ɮЩ
Ҫ֮ˣǴˡ
˭뵽ɮɳɮȻˣȥԼɫСˡ
ֱ¡һ
Щɮȣɳɮһ飬ͷæʣʦôˣôˤˣǲûԱȻҽжʦֶҵԵġ
˽䣺
˽һΣɳɮ˵ô໰ͷһ󴮻
ǴΣɮ˵㣬㣬㡣֮󡭡ˣ
һѹźɳɮɮȻ˵ô˵
֮˽ǿˣʦĺˣȥѺһ
Ȼͼ̼죬ǷŵİϷ˽
Ψû뵽ǣʦΪαó˸񾭲
ǲɫСꣿɫ׵
ߺɳʦܶ˸
ڡвˣԾó
֮
յȣɮȷеĲù
ֱ죡
һЩεɮԼԺˣʲô
ȻԼĴͽջˡ
𣿡ɮϲʡ
ٺ٣ʦңҰ
㣬㡭ɮ˲ʲô㣬ʦѾҸϳʦˣ㻹ʲô
ʦͿ𣿡աЦ仰Ϸʣе׺
ɮȴһ
Ǹõɮ
Լļ̺ǻۣлһʯһĺӡ
Լ
ԴһδεԼӡͷ񾭲ˣôᶨˡ
ܶηԼˡ
ȡ꣬һʱǻۺͼ̣ûˡ
˿̣ʲôʱԼôû̶ˣ
͵ͽܸߡ
һͷԹĻ
ɳɮ˳ۡ
ɮʣǸõɮôüһ̶ûˣʲôʱ仯ģ
ɮһ
ӷǶԵӵĿ𣿵ʧˣӽ˺ܶӺʱѹƲסģɮһֹ

һԵġաҲղ֪Ĵȴˡ
룺аɣ˵źаţһɷһħѵҪħ
ֵˣôɫԼСϵܸôȡ׳ŵ
ɮأ
ڻԼӺʱѹƲסеġħġ
ϸ룬Ǵׯۿʼġ
ׯشۣԪӵӣԼӶԪӵƳ𾴡
ʱԼķŭ˽ѹƲסˡ
һͽܵģʦͿ𣿡Լˡ
˲ɮˣǶһɮׯصʺ͵ϻˡ
ΪʦɮһмʹĿšա
Ȼ
ž
һ
鲻ԽĴɮһ⣬ԭˣˡ
ղħϲ˵һ顱ĿԼⲻǷʲô
Լŭ𣺡𣿡
һ󣬶Լô顱
ҵСϵܣ˸ʲôʦ㻹ȡʲô
겻ɵģ߻ħˡ
գա㣬㡭ɮʼɷˣ⵽ôˡ
ߣʵĻ쵰лȡȡƨ㺦˰Сϵܣҽȡҷ˵ȥ
ŭˣͺ¿ԼСϵܡ
ˣɮͷ󣬴ȥҷ˵ȥзŸ
Ϊһɮ¡
һĻ
µȣһ亹
⣬⣿ָžʡ
ٷ𣬽ӶȹħϣõģǣˡҲٺһѡ⣬ɺϣ
ݣ˲䶼ˡ
⣿ŸԺˣôɣ
õģɺϵã÷һֻǿ˽ӣװױһ١
˵һ̾Ϣֵҿţȥͣ˵ûнҪȥ
˵꣬ڷӺУʧˡ
ȥȥ
ڷӡ㿴ҿ㣬󣺡
ӷ𣡡



958 ʵٸ
һ
ӭû룬ᶨΪпԼСϵܡ
һź˿ˡ
Ÿ⨺
˵꣡
˵ǽħϣһŭˣŵʡ
Լʱôˣ
ֵ㻯˵ԼҲˣԼһǴѱ˵ġ
ѣ˵ɺϣȷ˽ӡһЦ
˻˵ô죿ǻӺóó
˾ܼȥˣȥͥи̫סȥռ˻ɽزúɳɮȥ㡭
ѷƶõļƻ˵
˵ͷҺײûгƿء
ͺãͺá
˷ֱռƻȥ˻ɽ
صɽ¡
һߡ
Ѱʳɳɮ˽䣬һʦˡ
ȥʦ
ɮˣܣߵĲᡣ
ʦôˣ˽伷
ǸϣǸϣΪʦǵĶ뺺ϡɮ˵
˭뵽Լնȹһħ顣
ɮоԼܲնȹħƺֻˣȻѹƣֻҪӿܾͻᱬըܲá
ɳɮ˽òʳˣԭǺġ
ܣʦǲǼǴˣ粻ġ˽
ǰʦʦ˵ö԰

չ顭
˽俴ʦɳɮȥɽʸ

գ̫ͥ˵ġһж
ʵģôԼѵԼˡ
Һ̫Ǹˣ˵Լȥҹմȥˡ
ֱ˹ͨ͹һԻڿ϶ԼȻˡ
ɮԼҲǼƻУǷŵļƻС
Ҫ˵һЩֵĻһղŷġ
ֻǻףôԲ
ûȶãֻɳɮˡ
һˡ
ɳʦܣҵ𣿡
ѽ󵨺ӣ㻹⣬Ҵ򡣡ɳɮ˵ͺս
俴˷ŵƣ֪Ҫʲôɳɮ˵ԼսеȦ
ڱֹˡ
ͨĵڣ֪ԭиԼһģһļһðԼʦһ١
˶뺺ͷռԼĻɽ
ŵƣû뵽ƣһԼһģһģǺ뷨
Ϊ˱ʾԼ֪ʱＱëŭˡ
ɳɮɱ˻ɽ
Ȼڻɽ˺Լһģһļһ
𺳵ǣԼȻһģһһϢһķϣһ˿Ĳͬ
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Ĵսңڷֲ嵽˭ģ˭Ǽٵˡ
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һģһ̬
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ȥµ·ϣһ
룺òǿͨ˷ȥҸٵȥȡ
뷨
ԽԽÿģô죿
㵽˭һ䡣
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ʱһصĴԺ
СϵܣҪˣֻ㵽һסɽ㡣
˵겻յľȣȽ¡
պãʲô˼ôϤĸо
˿̲ݶ룬˽С
Уڡ
һΣռʶ˷ŵǿһ޺оҪԼǿ
ңһμ档
һڣ˵ˣ֮ɣ˹棬ë
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һۣѹ˼ðԼġ⨺
ˡ

գ֪Ϊγִ˺ȴʵ
棬ﲻ֪
ӷ𣬴˽ѵĳ֣Ϊʦͽ͡һѣ÷㻯ա
͵رһҷסʼϮ
ҪԪشڣһɢķտǵڶαϴˡ
հգɵķš
յı֣ȴзź⣬Ϊǽ䣬ټεķճĲԶˡ
֮뿪ˣһľź뿪ˡ
˵ǽٺǸеĺڰ֡
ԤˣȻǷŵİţȻѷ֡̾Ϣ
ӿʼɮԼ뵽ԪӵĻ٣档
Ϸ뿪ɮ˸ղķ
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뵽ԼȻһıС
ǣ˵ǼٵģܸܵóȡģԼĥǱŵģһġ
Ǽ٣棬ԼĽ棬ȡɹĴ󹦵Ҳ档
м٣棬Ԫʥ˵ˡ
ԼҪǻۺʵƣʵûõΪ̫ǣȴͨǻۿ١
Ҳõһӡ֤
ӡ֤ķֵǣԼȫǺܲ
ԣʣô˵˽ɳɮǼأ
˺ܾãóۣһм٣档
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ߣΣҪ֪ͷ񾭲ںŪңɱǲɣ
һ̾ɱǲеģǸҪð֪˭İţǱ֪ˣǿһһˣߣ
ԽԽܣô˵ͷ񾭲λʦܣе顣
뵽ɮʦһ̾λһֱС
һˣûпƵǻۣҲûдƵʵ
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ˣҵƾҵģҲս⣬ҸԵɵģѹ
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ŨŨս⣬꣬ɵĿȻ仯ܴ
һɱı仯ǰľֻ̫ҽɳڣΪ൱
һ̣յľﵽ̫ҽԲ
ǿħĸţһƻǺɱ䣬ټǿ֧֣޴仯ˡ

˺ջصȡС
һһֱʦһ̾Ϣʦϵ˵ίˣίˣΪʦԡ
ĵǸǸ⣬֪ԵɣϾǸĺӡ
е㱻ʦжˣΪʵ²һģģܴ˵ġ
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˽ɳɮʱͱˣģ˴ǰǸԴĺӡ
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ԼϤԼѹʱϷŪԼͯСͯŮ
ŮޣȥҲ򵥣˵һŮɣһŮޡ
һǱĸ޾۸ģһк캢ģԼݴţħȹĺӡ
һȺ޷ޣһȺͨޣʦͽˡ
ʮʮܣޣȺүү̰



959 ȫϷ
Ѱʳ
ԶʦɳɮҴҵԼ
ǲʦץˣʵ
ɳɮһ㶣æǰʦ֣ʦץˡ
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ΪÿζǷų
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ΪţηŻԿ
ΪǴ˸ӡ̫ˡ
˺ǿǿ
ԣνŷŲ֪˺캢ĸ㡣
һǿŵĵùӣǽӴͺǣ

߾캢ֶˣٽʦ



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Ҳǣ˼ǣСһһΣ⵹ãΧҲһΡ
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ֵĥ󣬳ɾҲҲΪǺá
̫һ㶣˿飬ѿ鿴졣
ʲôΪǺãǰ˼ҽѵˣ˵ΪǺã
˵ȷĥ󣬳ɾ͸ߡ
ǣδ˼ҷԸġ⡱Ͼûϲһٴ
ţǿŰɣ˾С̫˰֣ˡ
Ȼͽ鶯˼ܲԼ⣬ǽԼĹͽȸ˰ɡ
ϾԪ޽ɲΣ˵ʥ䣬뷨˼Ծǽס
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ٻĴ׼ʥԲһ׼ʥڵġ
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Ӳǻ˹˵ĿŵԼս
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ɽµģ˭ֹ
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Ҳ֪˭谭ȡҷǲкýģǷģȡģϵš
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ȼƵ˵ͷ˵ǣ֪ȡ鲻赲֪ҷƴ󣬻֡ܣһǣС֪֮Եɣǣб޾ҷšеڣܴ˹صڶֿܴܺ󡣡
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ֵԣǾǵԸң㲻ֲԤ˺к˵أҪǲô˵Ǻƴأ
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ӷ𣡡
ӷ𣡡

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֪ˣ˵ģĥԼԼ޿ɱֻսǱһ٣ҲҪս
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ڿ̫һǰսĶûУһЦҲû֡
뵽ԼĸѾ͹ܵģ÷ųԵԼֽһоС

һ纱Ĵս
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ȼƺ϶ս׼ʥսķڻֹ£սľ춯ء
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ʮϴ޺Ĵӣӭͬ͵ܰԡ
һҲսңеĳ档
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ǹɺӴ˰ţǹɺͥԼľ󽫣һѡ⡣
ֻ꣬Ļشȴ֧飬巽
µʦͽˣȻǰС
Դ˵ȴڵȡһ̡
ΪǽǷŶʢһ̣ҲǷŴӶʢתΪ˥Ŀʼ
ӵıŪʥˣڵŽҴԺ󣬺Ӻͷŵìܡ
ӵĸźǿҲȡһ
ܲźյĹϵ
ڵȡ˵ĽŷŶʢ˥䡣
ɽ磡
ʥʱѾȥһԪʱ䡣
ǰںϺģʥ˳ʥʯ񡢿λ֤Ԫ
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ȥ˽һԪᡣ
ǰ֤ʥĻԵԼ컯ԪĻԵѾˡ
ɽʵ˴ȵ
죡
ֻɽһ
ʥ˸ָһ㣬ԭǴǰʥ͹ⰵ磬;棬ڱǣˡ
ڻУ̥Ĥ̫ˡ
򵥵̽һ磬֣羭һԪĻָѾָɵĵز
û˱̫Ϥ硣
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ǣ˾޴ģһܴĹҲǸ˼Ĺ
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ÿһǧ磬̫ǰһ
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ľһߵλ棬Լܽ׳󣬻λ磬ߺĵǿ
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㣬δУԼ˿̵ĺĿ٣ǻһתĹ̡
תǻеһС
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˵ʲô㳤棬ܾǻ硣
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ںϽģȡʢϺ󣬺Ҫ벽Ҳɡ
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ʱҲҪ޼ʥˣϼһҪѡ
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ңĿ飬ҲħҪʼˡ
̫ǰݣֲ齫ᳬԽǰκһνѡ
ں˺ܶСԼ飬Ҫһʽںϡ
޲Tħһ֪ıԼࡣ
תакڰ
ħ٣ϯ磬᳹׵ǰСںϺһ
ңǧС磬ᱻ֪

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ڤҲˣڤδ֪أ֮أҲѸٵ仯
ĻǺģֻһڣκѶϢ̸ֻܿǴҲʱɢ
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ûֻأµѷ죬ʱʱ֣żֻɨһƬնĻǡ
ЩǱѷ󡪡ֱ̫ĻǣǣֻС
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Ļǽ˴˵زԶһС
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ĺڣҲһ·ķֺͳɳڸˡ
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Ԫǰ˵棬١Ȼʵǻжϣʱ˲
һ·Լһ
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Ѱʦֱʦϳɽš
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ѵɸѡѾϸҪ󣬲ϵؽҪ
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һʯϣտǹ⣬ֻʱŸоԼԼ
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Ȼֻһͬ˯ŵɮˡ
ʦôҲû˯ɲҪˡոϽܵɮ˼·ϡ
ɮοӣʡĵľգʡĵҲա
һ·ϸıգûҲա
ıյĴ·ʽԸ񣬲յͼ֡
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ǰɮһ̾վΪʦȷˣ֪Ϊʦʲô𣿡
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ΪʦҪ»߷ֻѾȡأΪʦƻʵĳŵ˺һ֮ˣȴΪ˿̳ɷΪʦоºͽԿա
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˵꣡
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κγ˰취Уעˣȡֻܻȥ
̶ʢȡ񣬵ʱṦ¼Ϊ;綼֪ܻܲⰳĻԼ
˽һһڴ롣
˻ԼΪŵһӣ
룿УУſǿ󣬵ǿʢĶ˥䣬ŽҪ˥ˣɲɵŲš
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Ժɮڴ˷롶˷𡷣˷𷨡ۣ񶫷ķһԺ
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仰ɳɮ޽⡣
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ݵáááöԼҾǷǷ𷨵У棬ҡ
ɳɮһ֪⣬ʣʦɷ˵һнԿա
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ɳɮʣʦʲô磿
ɮԻ׼ʥεľ򣬶Ϊʦ׼ʥնȥʬѰʬһĸ򡣡

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ʦǸ׼ʥھķˣɢ͹λġ
ʦһָܻĲࡣ
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ܲ˼飬Ҳ⡣
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ȡ·ϣиŮһһɮһŵԡ
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ݣ˾ˣҲסǻҪԼҸĸ˵Ҳ
Ŀ
ҹͻȻ˾˾ѵҲͻȻһˣһǴ󰮵ػġ
ʦү͵İţ죬Ҳܡ
ѵǽ⿪Ľᣬ˵ˣ˵ˡҹụ̂ҾǺҹȥˣҲһȥϵеʱ䣬Ҹˣһ˺úý
ǺʦöܣҵĲ
ĺܺãǰۣܲܵġ
Լסѹ֮ǰ۱ʾƾɶ
˿̵죬ԼУۺĲͬ
Ȼ
ôһ˵Ůȶ˿
˿ϲŮ˿еִٵ͵һ뷨֡
Ůƺܰ䰡
Ȱһǽõԭº󣬶˵˵
ֻǣԼ߸ŮһԻ֪ô
ҪԼ⣬ԼǲѱŮ޸Եġ
Ѱˣ߸Ůһô죿
ܲһζ޳ȥ
㣿ͬ⣬Լÿء
ˣȲˣŮ˵˵˭


970 ħ˥

νã޷ѹֵأңرģصѡ
νħԶһЩ֪֮ΪѪ̡
Ϊħ⣬ǲѹƵͷţң
ħ嫹󣬺ֻܶѧƤë˵Ѫɱ
ⲻħħһǵļΪǰᣬ·ϵʿ˶̫ˡ
ħħѵ췢ɱ˷ѾͲħû˽ûħΪЦ
ΪǿΪԱöħħҲħͬҲħ
ߣǱܲϲ̫òնħľҲǸħò˵̫˵ħѷڱ棬㱾ϡ
ˣҲˣħǲʧģûûн˵ʵ̫ǿҲħħһЩαʿͬԶаħĴļɣ˽ҪѶǵĻˣĻˡ

ɽħħ
ʮħʹԼǧħһħĸ߲㣬ڱڰǣһ˫ɫѪ޲T٩٩̸
ȹ档
ħ棡
ħһħ֮ˣ޲Tص
ʮħʹϸ֣ᷢ׼ʥԲĲΣֻһ֤Ԫ߳ɾʥˡ
»ǧħȫ׼ʥϵΪ
˵ģûħû
ʥǳѣԪŮ洡˻عҺ󣬴ʥˣѾתơ
ǰħǡ
ƽ⣬һ̣Ҫħƽˡ
޲T˴һԱᣬҲǰصĲ֣ΪΣǳ޾º
޲Tֵ
һ˺ߣǱ治ΪҪ̫İӮù棿ټϵʱңԱʧˡ
޲T˵һ󲻸ʣֵ
ԲֻأҪɵߣû˺̫˽ֻҪƶĽ֧֡˳Ӧĳ˳ӦشƣֻҪȥУ
⣬ܽЩС֡οǵĳһǺݱıȻԣ
赣ǣ̫ʼǱ棬ֻҪţֵĻᣬǾ˭
ҹ󣬻ʮ֣ʮħʹʽġʥˡ
ʱӱ氲ŵħ޺죬ֻҪǽδĵı仯ĽҲħƺġ

棬ϲ棡
޲T˵꣬ħʹħֹ޲T
޲Tҹʮħʹɾʥˡ
⣬ǧȫ׼ʥϵħ
νħ߻ħе걻ħеڶ߻ħں϶
ԴԴϵģǺû߻ħû
ħĵ
޲Tһֹ֣סħͷĹأֵ
οǵͬŲǣкܾǰ沼µħͽǣеˣеѾɳһĸλǰеİ֣
ħ䣡
ħͷǸ˷ˡ
ԭ˽ɾͺʮʥˣǧħа氲ŵ֡
֮ǰݣνħħûʢҪƽ⣬˱氵вӣ޽ǻһֱǸˡǣشħǾǵͬš
ֵ⣬ħλǽɾ޼ʥ˶ħ޼ʥˣǵǿǳԤϵġ
ħǻ纣ħ档ħͷûбĻؾУħ޲Tȷһжˡ
ԭνһħޣѾħ沼֣Ҫɾ޼
޼ħĶƽ⣬ħҲ޼
Ǽ޼ôһ˳ӦƣϵԳ֣ټϺ泬ѵأħҪӭʢ
οħ˵ˣħľ档
ΨһΪţķΪļʥޣϣǰԡžֹһ
ΨȱΨһ֮£˵ƽ
һ˵ģеĶԼħ
ǰдﲻƽԻ˿ˣῪħƽ⡣
ħŵĳƽıȻ
شƣкܱıȻôǿʵе𲻳֣湦Բѣô֣Էûǿ˭
ħǾ䣿
Ҫ˭
˵͵
µЩ飬ҲãʥҲãħǳ̵ĺӡ
Ҫһֱе͵λǳţǵͣħ濴𣬻˵໥ǲŽᡣ
δһ˵޲TҲԳ֡
ǣʾ͵Ҳְ
漶Ĳ֣ԼЩ˵ħ治
һΣħġ
δܹشƵĥУĺˣܺġ
ΣҲƽħĻԵ
ڿ߳ħˣǺ
ǰȥ˺ģΪعơ
ȥһˣһħͷȥ
βһƽʧǿں㡣
ӵħ֮һֱħ򣬱̫ˡ

ħ߲ʮħʹҲеɻ
Σ֪커氲£ǿħ
һʥħֻҪһȡеʥˣΪħʥˡ
򲼾֣ɾ޼ʥģҲħ޼ʥˡ
ס
ǲ֪ħ޻أ
ħ޻Ҳʧܾúܾˣ֪沼ȥ˺δ
ѵħģħʮħʹ뵽

ɽɽ
ŹԲӦλʥ˽׼ᣬһܴ
죡
һѹɽɢ
ѹǿ󣬻˲ԾĲһֱĸо
Ǵ˿ҹٶɽʥ˺ʹ
ںҹ£ɽεѹû֪Ǵ˵صķš
Բʢһع鱾ˡ
ϿһΣһĵļᶨǿ׼һع˱ҡ
ҲͱʾӴʥһǱ֧Ŀܡ
һ˱ҵʥˡ
ʦ֣ϲʦ֣ϲʦֱһع飬Դڡ׼ṧص
˵ĽǼٵģʦνŶʢǰң˵֧䡣
ԼΪβУ
ðɣԼһֱʦ֣ʦֲĺԶ
ٷ𡣡һ㱵ֻ۽ᡣ
һУΪԼһУΪ˵
ӳɾʥ˿ʼɼıٿأ֧ĳ˳ƶĵܱ䡣
һ̱ҹԼˣǵļ̵أҲη˴Եʡ
᲻Ծ£һΪԼһΪ֮
Ҳţʥսᣬű֧˹ҡ
ң仰⡣
ƺĸܣҲı仯
û˱֧ҿǺ;ϡ
Ǳ֧ʱ򣬾ʧǵġߡ
˿̻ս̫
룬̫ڰռġ
룬Ҫ̫Ҫϡ
׳ţʵֲˡ
֡
һһϸ˵
ΪԼһСǱ֧·Ŵ˴˿̿˼ľٶ
һġ
Ǵ˿̣ǵСһع£ֻҪһͷѹ
ʱ򣬾޷Ŵ
ǣ
룬ҪлЩΪûЩûнıһع顣
һһģƽ⡣

Ľʦܡ
ʦûԼ㱾һع飬еˡ
ʦܵĲԼܴ󣬵ʵԵʱ򣬻ܡ
ܱһع飬˵˵֧Уɼʥˣܿ
Ͳõħ
ðɣʱħ˿̿ҲǶҲɼ
ȻµǣΪħħ֮ʦû̻
ศɵѭֻеġ
⵼ʦܵнԼԽԽ
һֱĸооӱʦܵķ깫ʦƵļƻ󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ʱ͸оʦб仯ڱҹֵĸˡ
ʦ㣿ʵȴֹ
Ǻǣʦ޷ģҵĺ;Ͼ˺ܶ࣬ʦֲܱȣһҪһʱ򡣡
׼ֵʦܱһع飬ҷŵң˱ҹ㣬ҷŽΪʦƿˣǺ¡
ƺѵ׼ᣬʼο
ҲգżżġɽĺȻҹǴ˿ûôɣشҪѹҷˣҹΪṩһͺͲֵĺʱһôʱΪҷŽ˥ְɡ
˵
ţʦ˵ҹȷ棬綼ûȥңҷš׼ص
׼Ļ뵽Ҫ㣿ټɽŵӣʹһ¡
ƣ

ҹʼҹַŽҪ˥ˡ
˥ɱ⣬ҪǰĴǰ㣬ʵ˥Ȼ͵
һ壬һ塣
Ҳһ˿ĵ͵ͳĬ



971 ̫
޲TĲ֣Լˣ֪ǵԻ㲻𣿡
һ谵Ԩ֮ء
ѹùתħħ
û˱ùⶼɶʱˣûų
ܶƭŵλƭס
֮ħġ
ۿħĲҪˣٻħģҪԻѭ
ħĿ˿
ǰģħ棬׼СˣȻѭŵǰʱġ
Ǻǣͺãͺáϵ˺ܾúܾˡһ̾޾ı
ħֵһ¸ǰһǰʥ˱ҹסǱŵɣҪ뿪ˡ
Ŷ뿪ȥģһɻ
ħȴʣǰ˭֪˿̣ǰ벻֪
һ㶣Ȼ
͸ǰ˵ǰǹǰʵҪסʥˣҪסԼǰҲ֪Լ˭ֱǰҹ֪˭ˡ
һתħޣħģħңħҲҡΪħһ
ħޣһ㶡
ѹԵʣ֪ĺ¼١
ħħһδ׼ʱ׼˵
ԭħޣأʣУΪҪ뿪Ϊ±
ǰʵ̫ˣ֪ôشֻ˵󻤷Ԫеһħİźǰָ㣬Ѻ˹½أǱĬ£ںˣ뿪±ȻбԭܣͲǰ˵ˡš
˵꣬ܳԾ
˵ͷ⣬˵Ҳ޷ȥĺϵûϵϵںǵŵԡ
ֵô˵һκϵ棬´˺棬ҲǴ˿̵ħģ
ǰǻۣˡħĵ
˵һüǰˡսӵϢʥټţ뿪ˡһμǰǰģҪ˶ãˡ
ǰħĸǣлôǰָ㣬ҲлǰĶͣǳǳ
ȥȥɡЦ
ǣ
˵꣬к˺ܾõ˷ֱˡ
ħĺһμ档
ټʱħĽħġ

ɽɽ
ݽ׼ٻɽŵӣʼα⽫Ҫ˥
ħĸմħѹ
󣬷ֽԼĿе仯ħĸҴ⡣
ĵȷҪ뿪ˣһعʥˣû˵֧󣬲˵Ϊǻۺǿ£Ҳ

˴ټңΪ˴˴εҹҲΪҷŽҪʢת˥һ㲻ɱ⣬ǿÿ˸㼺취
׼˵
κΣ
˵һĬ
Ҫ㲼֣ͲȣʧСˡ
ȿȣ㼺˵˵СҲ֪ѣһ˵ûУ
ٷƶɮãҪλʥע⣬ѭͿɡ
ӷƶɮΪҷתʢΪ˥ǱȻûô죬ǿ˼
ӷƶɮΪλʥδѿɼĿ⣬Ӿ壬⣬ǿԽǡ
ٷ𡭡
һϻ
ý׼˵˵㿴ˡ
ٷʥˣи뷨
Ȼ
ֻħվ˳
˺ɻΪƽʱڣħķܵ͵Ӳˡ
ħ˵
ǣ
ֻħĵӵܼ򵥣Ҳǽǰ׼ʥ˵Ĳֶġ

ǣħֵ
λʥˣλͬţȫԳŴ˿ҹȥ粼֣
λӦ֪ûôСֻΪƣǽɲΣıԴɽڤƽģ
ǰ׼ʥľͺܺãֻû뵽ʥ˻ŮʥõͶӰ·ƻǵļƻ
ƻˣȻǷŵн𣬵ӾãҹᣬǼ׳ҷڷн
ҷˣֻҪһٽ˿ǿʢˣдɾ͡

ħ˵һ˼Ǹܺõ뷨
ȷħ˵ģûô򵥡
˵嫵ĵ򣬾Ƿǿգǿգ޾顣
ֲܶ࣬ЩһǷŵӣ
ǽ˥ˣôҲѸ
ǡѰĵط
Ĵ֮Ϊ߲ǽɡ
ÿ˭û۷ģ
߶ȹ٣ûзĽɣ
͵¶ǿսҪһҶ󣬻˵ɾʹѵġ
ħ˵ҪһǿĴڣѹ˵ķŵӣֻܿʵ۷ţչš
кܴı׶ˡ
ħģ׶𣿡
޷ʵֻܽɲΡħĵ
ʣȻ뵽ˣӦ֪ǿͳһ׳ţ׵ġ
а취ħȴˡ
㣬а취׼һϲ
ǵʥˡ
˵˵׼
ǣħģļһļᶨʣλʥûа취ӡӵΪ˿̵ľ磬ΪֻнɲΣӡ
У׼ỹûħ˵꣬ˣѾµħĵ뷨ˣ޷ǷӡԼΪȥ硣
ǺΣյľٶħ׼ʥԲ˵һ׼ʥԲĴ֣ȥһѡ
ӡΪȥ磬ⲻֵá
һ׼ʥԲ̫ѵˣΣյȥԡ
ʥˣԸ޻ڣħȴһļᶨֵ
ӱһ鷲ҵõλʥ˵Զţ޾Ӹţһ״ޣɾ˴˿̵׼ʥԲӲܷŵ˺͹£õλʥ˵ָ㣬ЩӶܻرеزĲɷһһϴΪβеӸԸԷΪΪҷȥһµ·
λʥ˳ȫ
ֱµĴԸ
λʥ˸жĲˡ
ǽٻɣĵֵý
㣬㣬ħģ
λʥ˳ȫħһ
㣬׼һ̾ʦɡ
ħļᶨӣ׼˽
ǻ۵˫Ҫ͸ħġ
ɿǣһ˸ķ
˷𣬷һļᶨ͸
ҲգҲաĵӣҷ֮ˣȻ˱ʥӦˡ⣬ʥ״ǰȣôʵȴˣصǣҲħˣΪȺԸ
⻰еأ϶ħĵ
Ҳڷŵףܴǰкܶˣħˣ˥ܺ

ѹѣ鲻ᡣ
ħĵļ£죡
׼ͽɷıݣͳ˱ӡΪħġ
ħҲħޣƻɹˡ
Ϊδ½磬ʵǴųɾͷ޼ҲΪħϯ
޷졣
Ǵ֪ˣҲΪǷΪתʢΪ˥Ĳ֡
ҲǴںҹУħ½Σա
ΪҹԵʣֹУʥ˷ӡħ½硣
½ħģȴû׼ͽĵǡ
޲TͶ˵ˣֻҪԷʵ½磬ΥأĹǲɱ½ġ
Ȼ˵ģûĨɱ
׼ͽȴʮֵ˷ܣΪĳɹˡ
ûɱħģͺãͺð
һϲ
ħ޲T֪Ҳ⣡

ƽ
У˶ɮյ˵Ĳֺ̫
ҹôĴģҲˡ
Ȼ̫ģǺһˡ
ΪĺҹΪ˽ҪѣҪ̫顣
˿ҲһΣԶ۵ˡ

ҹȥϵͻṦԲѴǰ˵ʵˡĶ̫˵
ǻǺܾúܾǰպ͵˷룬ɾͺϵʱ
ʱ̫˵δûѵһ졣
Ҫʵˡ
㱾֪ǰݵû̫˵ͷֵ
ҹݹ۲죬ҲΪˣ
ŶΪΣʡ
Կһ
Ǻʱһʡ
ȷǴһǴδתγɾͰ벽ҲɵߣƸ컻صı仯⡭
̫һ̾Ҳ޲TǧĿ
ֻǽ˷ŵԲСںϰˡ
̫֣صӣץס˹ؼʵش˴ε޲TӰܴɣ
̫˵ͷȷƽµıȻҲǺ׳ݻħƽ罫һһ󡣡
˻̾
̾û뵽ôı仯ϧҹϵԲǴˣ޷ǣ޲TҲûгֶԸ޲Tµˡ
̫Цˣ˵ûУҲûˡ޲TʹħشƣǺ׳ıȻֹ޲TֹĽ˱ҲóֵģѵΥĵģȥƺĵܱ䣿
ǵôŵġ
ûôţ˳ƶΪɣشƺֻҪ޲Tչźݱݱ䣬Ͳֹ޲TҪС˼Ǿͱֱֽѵ
ƣˡ
̫ѵ˼ǣ˳ƶΪܣħ
˳ô׬ȡСˣʩչıƣô̫ѾͲԹۡ
ԼҲ·С
̫һԼû֣޲T϶ˣСԼҲŹ
д˼ƻϵˣֻγ˿ֵģеת䡣һЦǲҪ
˵ĺǰǿֵǵġĴβ̫֣֣
̫ûȡЦ˵ҲˣԲ֣ǲҪˣ깫ꯡաɮȣЩˣΪأǲ֣԰ЩӳְܺģѿʼԳһ¡
ˣһΣϵ۹ⲻѣѿ࣬ϵο֮ʾϵûˣϵǸŵжɡ
ҡҡͷ
Щ͵̫֣ûԭġ
ԭ۹ⲻԶ̫ࡣ
Ҫ̨̫װX
Ҳģκ
ҡҡͷ̾ʵѣ֮ĽΪΣʱ˵ҿžǣӭʱϵʵѣ֮ΪΣһ˵žǣ塢ʥ˽ɡȣԼεΣǰʵݣ̫ǲϸϵ˵ϵҪѣҪɾһ֪˿̣ܲ˵˵ݣ
⻰̫꣬Цˡ
ȷܶΪ϶Ϊ˵Եû˵ǰڴ

Ҫѣ̫ڿ˵
ϵ氡
Щ꿴㲼֣ϵĽ
Ȼ׼׼˵ֻ˵ݱľ͸
Ȼϵףܶϵ˵ϵͺ㡣
ҲգǱ˵˵ҵݡ
̫վ
ǰֽѣܼģӻʱħĿѣĻʳ⡢ֱ޽ѣٺԡֱư̫šԼܡħ᣻ʥ˳嵮Ļʥ˽ۡΣֱҪħ١
˵ˡ
̫ͺ̾
һ·ףҲܾԶ
̫ħߣħٺĽѣǣ١
ŶΪ٣𺳡
̫һζ˵һѣǲ²⡣
̫ٺ⣬תΪĽѣǰתΪһֻأû𣿡˵СԪ١תضӦʮǧٻ飬ʱʮǧٸʥˣ߻Ԫεģ˰ɣ
⣿һ㱡
ƺպݱ䣬ǱȻ·
̫ħٺ٣һǰĵħԡٺԳƺΪħ١
ħ٣һȻǡ١һѣ̫ѿôԶ
ǲʲôǡħ١
ħ٣ǻʱĽ
̫͵֪㲻⡣ʵ˳ݾͻ֣ᷢһֻأתɴǺĴûǧħ񣿡Ҳ˵δǧ޼ε飬ǧȻǰպһֱ׳ȥǰ£ԽԽǿħʱǧ޼Ҳ˵ͨˡ֮ھò˼飬Ϊ̫ңԶ
òƱ˵ˡ
պһֱ׳ȥĿĻ˵ͨ
ħٺأʡ
ħٺǣ߽١̫Ȼݡ
Ϊ߽٣
̫߷ᣬ籾ҲǺҪ·ߡǧԲ㰡ʮǧʥˣħǧ޼Ļ߾Σǲܿ£ϻʱ̹ſǻˣ
ȷ¡δˡ
δˣǽô£
߽ٺأȻ档
̫߽ٺԳƺΪ١ȹˣ㡣
ٺ󣬾ûҪݱĽˡ
һڡ
̫ǰĽѣĳɾǰݳˡ
о¡
̫˺ĵǣǱδסˣ˵
赣ĵģһֱǰУѵ㻹ûģ±˳Խʵ㲻ҪģӦڴСΪÿεĽѶǻԵħٳɾǿħ߽ٳɾߴڣô٣δ㰡
⻰˵̫꣬ܵĺ
̫ѵ˼ƺ㶼ĿģĿǳԽ㡣
ټ̫ĻʱĽˡ
δˣҲ̫ĺˣħ١٣Ԫ٣ħ١߽١١˵ûδпڣδ׳ܺãܺð
Ȼˡ
ղԼҲʱ̽Լǰ
ȻԼ˿ȣǾһֱȥǡ
ΪˣмĶ̫һݣл㣬лָδ
˺һ̫ˡ
̫ܴ𺳺뿪ˡ
˵ԲʱѾԻ


972 ̫չأħ
޼ΪںϷ
Խ룬̫ԽףһΣž޴Ĳԡ
νںϣǰתɷ
ںϣɾǷ򣬷ҵĶ
˵ѡ
ںϷĹУҲҪ͵ıǿ
ǰ̫ĸǿĵģ桢ҡһһںУʧңıͬ
ɱεͬһֳ档
ͬˡ
κֳ棬̫Ҫ
˺̫Դ֮ء
ǰĹףԼεջ񣬻дǰǷµ̫ȡһ
ҹָ컻صı仯̫˱Դ֮رչء
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ʦһ𻯣һǷ𻯷𣿡ʵ
Ǻǣȷˣȷ𻯷֮⡣̫Ц
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ʣŮӣ̫ʵˣûľʦֳȡ󣬷½ɾ̫ʥˣ
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ǸǳľֻǱǿ˵ƻζѡ
ȷλУġ
һľţһÿʺԡ
Գʦ絺ܾû֧ԮԽپһ֤ɡ
κҲ֤Ԫˡ
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ʦ𣡡
˹ĸ̫ͷʦɽ֪ô
һŴ̫󰮻ȥ컯Ԫ
һ·üᶨ˺ܶࡣ
컯Ԫ˭Խ룬ڰ˲Ŀ飬֪
Ϊֹûһܴ빦»߱Դº˽
ǰǴĶͣοʦԼĸˡ
ʦĹºͱԴԼһθ֤
ʦãһҪŬҪʦҲҪԼѵõĶʦȰ
İɽ㣬֪ˣʦɽñôߵһɽģöоʦѵõĺࡣ
ָоƺںܾúܾ֮ǰǵһһҷļһһħΧʱеĸо
һֲòòǰѹ
ˣ컯Ԫܾõ컯Ԫһâ˸ʧǰ



985 ѡ
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Լĵǣʯ顢Ů洺Ԫ˲ʺϣǶԼ
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ԽħʱֹϵȺԽǰȫ
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ԶнԴģԴ󵽱뺷ģ뺷ӲʹҲһС
ӲʹģԼ˾Ҫˡ
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ʱͨǧ绹û̫Ѫʱˡ
衢꣬˸ȥһط
һȦʲôط
һذȥδ֪֮ء



986 
꣬һǰָʱ򣬷Ѿһǵĺɫռ
۵һĭ㣬ӶһƬռ䡣
֪ʲôط𣿡
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ҲǷ䣬Ϊܴ󡣲һķ䲻ͬ˵ģӦǷļޣ˵ɷڤںϵľͷ˵Ǻһ޴ԲΣӦĽ֮ء
˵ĺܶԣܱľͷǰЩĭһĿռ䣬ÿһһ磬˵һ棬ǻӵֱ͵ը˺ͺںϣɾͺ˵ЩݾǺıԴۡ
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ܺ棬ԼΪΣ
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룬ǸղŵһУÿһݾν档
ǰԼǰļ䣬˵ղŵôݣδ͵ΪĵݣǰԼ֪޾άȣά档
һ㱣Լǰôеһ
һУһϵ̫ϵϵĴڡ
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Ī˵ˣҷ嵱Ƶ𣬻ұأҪȢ֮Ҳ޴

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ҵ찡ҾȻôΪԼһĹͣ˵档
ΪαԴǿʱպǻңʵ
ҲǸǵļ䣬ǵ꣬ǵй̵ܶʿʱϡˣΪȫĻԭ٣ֱǵʱûʱʱѷΪһ·żŽҵȥ޾硣ǿʱѷǧ磬޾磬֤޾άȡ
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û뵽Լ⣬⵽Ϊʲô
Ȼ֪Ҳ̫ĽᣬҲ˵ļԴ
Ŀɿڴˣ̫
˵һ־򣬱δʱ׼Ҫ˶ã֪һУﵮˣڸһط̨һʱ䣬֤Ԫ󣬽ƿش˵صʱѷ죬Ҳܼ֤ǵǰĵطȻҲǵļĴĸı䣬ǵĲΣ
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˵޾ʱеһأⱲӶҵû뵽ųˡ
ٵ
ٰ
ûô٣оģģġ
һᡭ
˻ָһ̫Ŵ뿪ˡ
νҿܣСн
ҲضһˣԼĵԭҲˡ
˵ͷ˵йԲ



987 ߣǧ翪
ص𻯵
ݲ֪ȥǣ˻ʱϢˡ
øӵԲһЪݺǷѽ⡣
⣬˶̹ϣֿһ㡣
˵Ըʲôʱߺͷ峤ôѺˣ֣ȥ뵽

̫뿪
˷˺ܶࡣ
û뵽˴һ֮ãԼܸ¶˳
ԭܲǼԼǰˡ
ҲǣԼֻ֪㲻ϼܣ𲻻˵ԷҲ˵

صˣ仯ܴԪΪ
ûж룬ϵþ͹ϵðɣѹƶɣ
ǲҡ
㣬˿ʼҪѭ𻯵ء
ú̫ͥˣ̫ǽӵָͥģѯλ費Ҫͥİ
ϾôĵطҪְɣ
룬ʱҪԼĺãΪ˻ؾͥ
һνһԪᣡ
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ɽΪͻĸ֣һЩɢ޵ȣȻ֪б滻ˣеֱʧˡ
кܶɽеɻ
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̫ӣľѡ޿֤ˡ
Ǹ䶯Ϣ
Դˣ̫°˸ӣȫﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɵĲΡ
Уľ⣬ʥˣɲǺʥǸķʽʥ
Ŀ֤Ϊǿ֤ںϺĺʵֱӴﵽ˻Ԫ޽Ĳ㣬˻Ԫ޽ɳڣɾ˴޽ڡ
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еͣŮ֤Ѿˡ
˸ӣ˸ɾͻԪ޲Ρ
ӵȫԲ̫ԵҵĸˣӻԪ޼ɰ˲ﵽ˾Ų㡣
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ȥͳֻ̫ģӡ󣬿ΪĲĸˡ
ң̫Ҫһ硣
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ʵʯʼ߾ͳƺʥʦʥǱָɵ̵ԼÿһԼĳɳҪԼڼλʥ˵ָ½ĻԵ
κһԽԼǰеĻԵ
ױȵջĸ
ÿʥƺԼеĸԼι̵Ļһ죬뵽ʯͿλʥˡ
ΣԼʱжȹڵĥжȹ
ȥܲпĿ飬˿̻Լȹ̵Ļʯλʥ˴̵ġ
ľʥˣ۽գʴȺ˼ǻȥһС
̫纣ĵУ󻯵Լ۽ǻۡ
Լ˺һʷ
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һϹŵĺƵˣǳ׵ңĺܲңǸϺˣһ򡡣
˵ļ߿óңҪʵûʵңǿ¥һ顣
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˺һ꣬ûʥпĲǶĵĿʡ
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Լô죿
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ԪʦЦˣҲǴСط磬ûԼ򵥣ףųȻ⣬ĴȲܲ
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߿ʼ活УҲһվ
һվûָ㣬еֻԼĸԼջȫԼ
˴˿̣ˣˣڱôˣҲ˵ģδ·ҪԼˡ
·Ѿ̺ˣͨ¾Ϳˡ
꣡
ת˲˰֮·



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ɽһ֮ء
ĳͻۣ˿̵߳˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ֪֪߰ĶˣԴ治࣬ѹڡ
ΪԲУˡ
һ񣬳˱ǿ̣ò˵ڷűƵԴ֪
һ˸ʥ˵Ľ̵Դܣ嫵磬ǰһǰſֻ˵̫Ĳֺʧܡ
һټߵʱֳȺ͵͵ĵϡ
ڸǲĵģԲ
Σ
ֻļʶ˲״ǰ֪лࡣ
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Ī˵ˣɷˡˣ˭˲ǻ˵֧Уǿʥ˶֧ˣοһô꿴һ£Ʊ֧䲻£µԼԼԼֻҵļᶨ˵֧Ҳһִƺĳɳ
ܲ
̫ĿߣΪ;ĽȲ˵ݳȺǴջ
ֵ̫ʮĳɳʱ䣬ʣ꣬꣬ʦڤ޼ʥˣ֮ڤ֮ءǰȥαȫ㣬ȥڤΣ
̫˵꣬һ
ԼĹǿ಻ԡ
ǣܾȣû뵽Լʦڤ
޼ʥ˵ĴڣǿĴڡ
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ڤۺǣۺѾڴ˵ȴ
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ԼòƵƹֻǱˣԼǻ
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֮Ͳڤ͹ˡ
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죬ֻħһ޾ħʼۣƺʲôҪ
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޲Tһգ̫̫Ȼû䡣
ʲôƵ޷죬ǰӳΪ֮ӣͷŶʢƵ˴˿̡
ΪľǺӽΪֿħһؼȻħƴ󣬺𵽵ò࣬Ǻ޽⡣
Ϊӵĵͳɾ̫Ĳ֣̫ȷ޷ָ֣Ӻ֡
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ţǧС˵̫ҪҲҪһһҪúò֣żǧܵ٣ǵĻᡣ
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޲T˺һû̫©
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ʼˣħҪ
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ʧ̫ãõĺֻ֪ܶħ֪ħ޲T
ҪеĵˣѾĴڿ
ף޲Tˣ޲TĿ־عˡ

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ֵǧ𻯵
𻯵ϣͷķ˺ܶһǿһĴڡ
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ȶòᡣ
ǰǿߣҲʹԲǧȫͨˣֻһڤһ棬һдġ
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ðɣô˵ʬɹǼסˡ
һնʬʥɵĺܣҪΪȹһֱնʬʬ
ʱ򣬵һ仰Ҳ棬˵ģϲ֮ϣ

ͷ裬ܽ˵ǿĴڣǵǻҵģ֧ģǶҲġ
ǴǰνĸߴڣֻԼ
˭£Ϊ˵õΪսüʱݺ糤ӣ޴ڡ
ÿһǧе֮ӣǷںģֻҪǻᣬҲҫ۵֮ӡ
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ϾǶǴ˶߳ģ޾ĥǲκˡ
⼸ǧ֮ӣܶǰеҲ˲١
һˣĺҪ
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˺ϼһ£ǵûеﴩԽʱԴԽĹδʼ
͸ڴˡ
ԣ˵ڵħٵĵΨֵ̨ĵطʱֵķߣһǵĴ档



994 ʮʥ
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׼õʮħʹ޲Tһ֣ʼɣǵʥ˹λչʾħ
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ֻ磬ʼһŨħϢһδ֪ۡ
֣һһħ˴ֵĽ֯Ķѡ
ǣʮħʹʥˣôڶֻѡ
һĵĺγɣħϢ
ʮħʥˣ֪
ʮħʹϤ뵱ڲԼսģʮħʹ
ಡ
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ʮħʹΪȫ׼ʥԲĲΣҪǴһֲһ֤ɾͻԪˡ
ʮħʹǵƣҲǵơ
ʮħʹǲģֻҪ黹ϲŭֵʮħʹͲʧ
ǰħսУʮħʹֻʣˣǣ޲Tصħˡ
ǰǿյǾһ
ǵҲƣƲ
϶ҵʶûҵĵ·
ΨкֽţǳʥΨһ;
˿̣شħҪʥˡ
䡪

ʥ˳ʥѹϯأѸ棬ҲǴ
ǰ̫֪ʥ˸Ǵĵһн
Բ󣬱һعʮħʹˣǺݱıز١
ʮħʹǴ
ΪǾۡ
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ȻʮʥˣΪ͵Ĳԣʥˡ
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ȻҪע⣬ĵĥҪӵĿ̿ˣħεΣҲ˵ħǿˣԲ𣬾ͻ׹ħ
һ

ʮħʹʥֹһ㡣
Դ˵ش䡣
˵ħˣѾĳˣʼȷѪˡ
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Ĺâõ鶼һ㱡
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ȻħĵˣмĿǰʦʦʦá
ΪħǲȫֻɱѪϡ
֪ʮħʹʥǵѾ壬еѾʮʥա
˵ǲѵģõħš
ЩΪúԼȫʧȥȻΪһħͷ
ò˵Ǹ֪ʲôħֻȻΪħϣӦնɱˡ
ʦܣ˵棬ħû취
νû취ֻΪĪеħԾնɱħãҲû취λʦʦɡ
ʱһսʼ
˵أܶطʮħʹʥħ˵ҫ£ħͷѣǵĲȺȻ׹ħġ
еǱħڴ㱩¶ģϾʼˡ
֮⣬ʮħʹʥħʧȥֻ᱾ܵ߱ɱʧˡ
ʮħʹѹħˣǵȷҪ
Ϊʲôħ
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⣬֮ǰС飬֮硢硢ʥںϣҲǴ˴ٵĹؼ
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ǻڴ˴ħʧأתĳת
Ǵǰת
֮ħƶݱĹؼɱ⡣

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ʮħʹʥ޲T˷ܡ
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ԪУȴھ޴ı仯
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ؼʱˣֻԴںѾתƣ͵³Ϊնʬն֮ʬ
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995 ʥ䣬ر
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룬ԼնʬһɲһħԴԼıԴɢǴǰı׼Լںϴġ
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Ͼħ仯ǰԼ仯Էֱ˭˭
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ղΣ׼һеĿܣ˭뵽׼һС
ҺҺãվԼһߣ׼᱾תˣԼȻĹͷɹû׼ᣬɾ졣
Ҳ˵׼ˣķʬᣬת׼ʧˡ
ȻҲеɹһɲһǿΪԼ֡
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̫ˣʲôε飬ضݸһֱ˵Ϣ
ϢԤʾʥ䡣
ǽϳħϢƺԶ


һŭҲǲģħϢз
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λˣĵĳƺƶġ
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ĵĳƺҵҲĳƺֻһֱԳƱڳƺƶǲ˼顣
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콵Ѫ꣬һָ򴫽Ԫʥ䣬ر
˸оܲˣռʶʥ˵ǿ˵ʥˣ
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Һü˹ȥǿΪ벻

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ʱѾ󺹲ֹ
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ֵǳħƶоԼʺϣҴȥѰңħһ⣬ࡢΨҵĸо
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ǻ˺ܾãĴڣͶһ͸ˡ
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Ҵǰҵ粼ǳƺ棬ûƽºܶҪûɱңǶʧˡɽ磬Ǹƽ磬뿴СΪ᲻ỻ档
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ʱ
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һɾ޴ѹˣڼֲסˣ˺ʹǰһ˲ſ˵ϡ
ɽ
죬ƽ⣬ħϵ޼޼ʥˣ

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996 ˡ
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죬ֻйϵĴڲ֪ħ޲TѪɫУ߳ľǿ
ħħУ޲Tֲ
ҪħҺħ޷ͻƻԪ޽ɣҪˣ֤Ԫˡ
Ȼɾħ޼ˣһɱһʥ˵ĳɾ޼еħĿֲ
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ħسŵ˵ŵѳȻѭŵ⡭ѣƶɾ޼ʺɽ糤󽫻᳤ɽ籾Դ֮أħؿħ֮ţѿȥҷӪ
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˭뵽Լճɾ޼һҪսһµ
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򲻹𣬵Ƿݲ䣬ǷԼԼ˿Ҳ޼
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Լô죿

죬ɾ޼ԣ׼ĺɣʱȥħţãţ
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һ̬άһֹһάȣάȡ
飡
̫һ̵ָĻˣڣԼڵһʱˡ
ˡ


997 
̫ˣԸ̾ȻԼǿ˺ܶࡣ
ǰʱ򣬶Ը޼Ҫѵʱ䡣
ڣԴӾΪﵽ޼ɺں󣬾ѹ޼ʥ˶ˡ
һĻɵ˺ܶˡ
޼ʥˣ
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Ǻ𣬲ǲʧģ⣨˲䱻̫˹
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ˡ
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ֻһĲ԰ףȻղžĴֲŵòᡣ
ܽˡ
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ڹ޲Tһ£Լǿ㣬ǺǿȥԼҪǱ̫˴ˣҲ³
һߵ飬Ǿȡ
ȵǿ󣬾޼ʥ˵档
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̫֮Ȼ룬ħ޾ܵһبĲս
첻ˣ»ҪĲ֣Ҳڡ
ڻ뿪ȥԴ֮侲һµĺá
Ҵҵ̫ħ˲ˡ
лֹ
ᣬлֹ
ȿȣ̫𡣡
Լµ˵
мһŲ
ŵħ̾Լãճ̫ⲻǺÿͷ

̫һ֣˳ơؼָ
ղһֱڽźͲУ̫һ䣬ܶ߳
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ۿ̫ľٶϾɾ޼Ҫע
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Լȸճɾ޼ǿǿҲоޣ̫ǿƺûмޡ
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䲻ҲɿĻ˲ǻصʱǸԡѪܶʱ
ңûкϢӶ׷׳ɽˡ
һһʱ֣ӡ顢ѩȵȣԼǿ󻤷ӪӪҲɽˡ
ÿűĴͳʼˡ
ѡӪкܶϣ
Ͼһһʱֱ󣬶һŵʥ˰
Щʥ˾ƽѹһһͻʤ
شƲ֣ӳ֧֣Ǳǵѡ
⣬һʼħעˣǽзӪ
зģǧġ
Ϊп޵ǲҪ
ǣӢҵʱֱ̣ܶ˼סˡ
ħ˫ɷʬڤ
˫ǣʹġ
иģ䲻˳һǧħɱУǶԼ
ħʼעЩߣѾһɲСʵˡ
ڴڤɾ׼ʥߡ
͵طˣԼƺʲô



1000 ΰʱ
˿̵ߣ׼ʥնȥһʬҾﵽ׼ʥڵĲΡ
˸ʥˣһ޼ʥ˵Ľ̵
һߣ֮ι̣ν
ټźˣǰ£ֻ˵
ʵû뵽ڤһɽڵ
ѪƯɱϣĺѪ
ûħĴսһ·ϾȻνɱ
ɱĶа䶯ֵԭס

ʣħ
ߣΣħΣ
𣺲Σѡ
һ̾㵱ħаɣ
ΪĻش𣬲վκһ⣬ɽ
ĽɱУ˵Ļش󣬶˵Ŀս
һ·ս׼ʥĸ׼ʥڵıնɱһһ
һ׼ʥڵ£ս˭κβ˭ֿ
νɱΨһ׼ʥڣһĸ֡
˵һ䣬ߵĻ
ѣһûжԴħǶֶܵΣֻмᶨһǺĻӦҷֵǶ
仰Ӱܴ룺ѵĲѡ
ǺпĸС
һ̣ߺ̫ԼĲ⡣
ǵˣ׽͸ʼôĸԼĥĥ˴ʥһ޼
ǣһԼĥˣȴʧˣҲ
ߺãһôԼɾԼһԼвֺơ
ǣôħɱֹԼȴпˣ
ҲԼδˣ
һ棬ߺ벻ͨ
ʱţ߾ĸ࣬ƺе
ŵİ˸ʥʦûһĸңҪվվħûһʥô̵
߳˼ˡ
ôˣǵģ˵
һ˼˵ԼԼĳ֮
ԼǰһȴǱƵĿ಻ԣ˵ԼΪ˱Ӧվħ
ǣԼĵڰ˸ʥ˵ô£Լḻ£ȴħһΨеĲǸ
ѵǰȥԿħ˵ȥǿµ·һħö·
͵һ󾪻š
뷨Լŵòᡣ
Լƺ˾Ųʮˡ
Ҹε룺ƺȥ𴦴ħԣǵûпħҲûжԼѹħ
ֻ˵ѹ޼ʥˣӴ
ЩûµӵĥĿпް˸Ӳǹؼ
˸ӣͶеʥˣԼҲĺʥˣûġ
ҽ̫磬϶Եب¼
ۺϷ֣еĲ֣ܿʼħ߽ħ
ǵ˴˿̣Ѿˡ߽ħҪħƽ⡣
˻ǵĲ֣Ƕƭˣûħħƽ⡣
һ룬߷ֻȻʡ
ʼȷ߽ħ߽޲TĲ֡
ħƽںݱıȻ󣬵ˣ˵û䣬Լˡ
Ҫħƽ⣬ҲҪľ档
Ĳ޷ǣһﵽħƽ⣬ɱľѡ
ķڷ
ĬţǷˡ
մմϲΪƫġ
ħڵǵĲ²⣬ǲѹǡ
ô뷨Ȼ뵽СĽ
ħһƽİ취Ͳܵѹˡ
뾡ʧȵпܵĳ֣ѹƳ嶯
ʴˡ
ħƽⲻѹǻ
ȵѹħҲ
ȥǲ֣һʱᾪȵķ֣ǾȻƽˣ
Ҫֻ֣Ǳһ̬ȾУǸ𰡣

ԽԽоԼ¶ˡ
ңԼ񣬾Ǽƽ⣬Լħĵ
ҪԼĶˣħͻ֣̿²⣺ħôѹȥĸ˿ô죿
Ҳ²⣺ôѹȥĶô죿
Ҳգô࣬˵ƣףΪôϲˣΪŲ߰ƵĶܵõĺôԱҲԵˣˣ׵ıһҲ޷
߿ˣʱ򻹿ɵˡ
ҪԼħƽ⣬£ҲԸ⿴ľ氡
Ĺº£Լ֤ԪĻᡣ
ԼħƽʱԼ֤Ԫ޵ʱ̡
ޱȵļޣʱ֤ʱԼءãá
ͨҲ޾ˡ
ĿʼΪԼħˡ
ͷȷѣǰɱӾ磬ʧغ󣬻ԽԽߡ
֮Լ̫翴ĵ¼˵ǣXXδɹŬ
ǵԴǰδϵǰĺĹԡ
ԼԼ
֮󡭡
ߵ뷨ǺõģҪʵǼѵġ
ħ֮սǣƽݱ䣬һϴҲһ飬һᡣ
ƽⲻ˵ˣԲܱ䣬޼ʥ˳ѹ硣
ϴҲýͣϴߡ޴ߡ
˵ǰСںϣĳתԼ
ᣬǵħ棬˺͹£⻹дڰռԴһЩ״ߣħֵᡣ
ǧꡣ
ħǧ꣬һƬһƬɱȷѪ꣬ص޽һ
ûжԴ͸ħһҲ
̨ϵϣ̨Ĳ̨֮صһʱ
ʱܻ۳֡
˿ʥ˲εսû룬ڸ
Դ˿׼ʥ¡
ڤӡڤʬյȵȣħۡ
ġ桢̫һףڹȣӢۡ
ţӡ깫ꯡѩȡ
ԼǧֵģԳЄߡɡħۡСӪҲħӪ
߿ǧ꣬ҵʦЄ
ҲҵһЩ־ͬϵĵѣȻںССħЦǸоԼˡ
ҲڶԵ·ǰ¼ޱȡ
һʱһӿʱ·Ӣ½ݺʷ֮ӣ׷״ӱ߳
ܿκһʱǳܿݹǧС硢Լǰںϵ֡
һྺɵʱ
ҲǸݵĺġ
ͬʱǸжݵĺġ
ΪʲôУʲô鶼Уݣص˻Ĺʱ
Ƿ໥ɱԼļֺ͵ݡ
һֺгìܹʱ
ʱʼĵڼ䣬иԵ׳ʱڣսʱڣ˼ʱڣԼ໥ӡ֤ƽϢʱڡ
۹ⳤԶĶܿõ
õѾһ˿仯ˡ
ɱǧ꣬ʧغ˳˼ıһЩˡ
Щ뷨ģǳħӪС
꣬˾ıѣеħ˱ħе˱
ǵһ˼㯺󣬴̽ġ
̽·ߡ̽·ߴߵģԱԵӪ׷ɱֹħĳ޶
˼ͱѵ֮Ƿš
ǵģķš
ͳؾɣǱ仯ȴа
ңһشѱġ
ȻҲ˵ⲻѱ䣬ǻع飿
˵ѱǷţ˵ع塣
̫Ĳ룬ûתҲûճΪսʤ𣬳ЄΪ·𣬸ûѹš
ȥ仯ܴ󣬷żûʧ
ǣǰ岼ֵļƻһ̳ˡ
ǰ
ľȴģǰųʱѱ̵ӣȻһѱ䡣
ѱǷţعš
ڰǰһαչУԪʼӵȻһζ
˵ĺǶʵһħϻþ
þУƺһķӡӡӣǴǰԪʼ鱦
ǿʼͿʼԼΪεѱʦԪʼ
ΪʲôҪôԼͽ
ӣֱħͲұչأԽ˼Խòԡ
ϴɽԼ紫֡ѱ䡱;Լħˣ˵ˡ
ģԼ߲ͨεϡ
ȫħϣԼʱ̡
Լſ˵ʥȥɽ磬µǷ
еţͨǿǻۣɲӡһҪ
Ľ˺Լһģƺбˡ
ʮϸ۲ͽ̽ڸˣǰһѱĲʦֵǣ뷨
Ψһû仯ǹҲǴȺˡ
˿ʼϣҲʼ֣ȥҪʦԪʼأ
ôİɣһЩŵĺӣԼڷŵĵӵȡ
ڣƺˡ
죡
𶯣͡Ϊ׵ķˣɽѱˡ
һɫĹɽԪʼǰʾ֪ʦյӹɽţӵԸκεĳͷ
ʱžŭˡ
ʥ˵ȷʱܲ
˾ȵĳˣʥˣʥȻԼһδս
ħ˵Ĳˣô˻ͳ£һͻ
ʥˡ
ڲˣһλʥˣô죿
û취˵
֮˴εѱ䣨ع飩¼ڲ͵ӣҲٳһħģսҡ
ɲǣ
ӿеƽϢħֿʼս


1001 Ĳݣ̫磡
ôǱ̫硣
̫Ŀɿڴħʵ
𺳣ѹʱ򣬾̫磬ԼʶһɲȻе𺳡
̫ѹȻĴ磬ϵ

̫һЦħķӦ
̫Ȼ߸ϣǲʲôںֲĿ̰ľګ
ϲŭ֡
ǰûкԼͬδڵҫУҲԼĲԼӴˡ
һ̫ܲˣһҪúһ
̫Ϊȥر
˭С˭ͺڡ
϶ȷֻлԪԲľ֮ߣǺ
Ҫ̹ŵѹƺ˿̵ĳɾͲüüǿ
üռǰʧ̫󣬶ϼһȴͨ˼ħ񣬴ӶתʧԼʧ
ľͱԴûȱʧ١
̫Ԥƣϼһٵʱ䣬޼ɲ˵Ԫ޽ɾŲԲɡ
̫ԭһҪúõĽҲҪˡ
һСģܡ
Ͼ̫컯컯û˱̫档
ʱֱ޽⡣
Լȫƣһ˭ܿƵˣ
ֻأҲǽ˺üˣˡ
һδǿ˵ȱ˺ܶࡣ
Щ϶Ŀ֮

ⲻʲôߣȥҵĵ
ȥ˲ʲôУѡ
Ҳ̫ԴԼΪ̫ƽȶԴԼġ
Ϊ̫ǿ󣬾ͿԼ
ܵõ𾴣˭룿
֪˿̵ԼǱ̫ġˣǣ̫ƽȵĶԴ⡣
ͬʱӵĿ϶ˣ̫ǻʱԼʱûݡԼˡ
ΪֻлħףǸ߹ݵӦ𾴣Լں
Ҫ֪ħԳƴ֮ӵģԴģϸ߰


𺳵Ŀ˾ŴƷ
иƷԼȫڼƷ衢̫ӣͻ̫
⣬ǺĽ
ħ룺Ҫûб̹ŽҪǺĿٵؾɣҲҲռôˮԼַ˼ĵر
ѣղ⣬⣬ֱĵĵرడ
𺳵ʡ
ȻǱ޼µղػۣ𰮺ò࣬Ψϲղأ㿴ǻĹʱеݣҪһһ֮ںûˣݿ˵ݵ
ٿǻĹĩ̫ųڶе٣ֲҲǶҲֲٿ̫ŶеġϹŶеġ
̫ҫĶһһͣŴʲôĶ֪ʾʲô𺳡
һЩѾʧ̫е顢ģֵ̫ýġ
ʲôУʲôʥС
ľ黨ԼֺѾʧ飬ʲôС
̫Ǻĵʷݡ
һ·ۿĽ
̫ĽˣʲôУҷһЩ񣬺ʧȺ顣
⻹һü䲻ǾŴƷǺһŴƷ
ô

˵ʵڵģʲôıƺͲ֣Щ̫еĺĴڹһУڱһҪʱǰߵģ̫źҺҾŬź
̫תͷŰɣȺĴתɴЩĴڹģȥķܣֻڼУǱϾڹ
ƣ
˵ͷ
ƺ̫˼ˡ
ǻ۳ڵģ̫ܿ⡣
̫ڱϲղزҸϲٺ嫵ĺġ
ڹҶҲһ㲻˳۾նɱĴڣҪôڿ
ˡ
Ҳϣܺһƾ棬Ҫ޲Tһ硣
̫÷Ļۺж
ʵıʲôû˼㿴ã˾ͳȥ̼˳۵С
߸µԵǳɳ
ͬʱоϧϧģͳһ£ϣ
̫Ҫ£Ҫʲô˼ϲģҲػġ
κβںĵģ𶼻նɱԾ󻼡
ҲһҪǺüĺһûʲô̹ſٵĺĵ˼Ѿ˳ޣǱΪѡ
ҪģҪ̹ŶںϣҾͽѡ
ʱⰵȵȺܶˣ³
Ȼ̫ôʾˣҲҪ֤ˡ
ѣ˵ʵڵܲţʼϵȷб̹ŵ˼Ͼұѹ̫ã
ǣ׼ıѿʼͺϵĴڣٵҵȰȣǵȲʱֻǵȣʱͿˣ
ҺѾǻĹʱĺģѾúǿ󣬲ʲô˶ƻģ԰
ͷ˳ޣ󲻶࣬Ҳüһңڣ
ǣϵĻģϵƭġ

̫Ŀһۣƺڿ
ȻĻͺá
ˡ
ô᲻ţ㿴ŵģţšߣߣղء
̫һһѺá԰ڡ
ȴһ亹̫ղŵĿ̫ˣԼǾߣ̫Ҳ
ΪǿԼ̫ˣղӣֱڿԼĵġ
ҺԼ˵ĶʵҪǼٻܱˡ
ڹȥˣˡ
̫Լ˼ͱʾԼڹ¹Ĺؿ
Ҳʾֶ̫ԸԼˡ
⣡
ܹ￼Ǻ֮󣬹ϵĺ޲TϵͲǱѣֻǽϵѡ
Լ޲TĹ׹ˣ޲TҲѭŵųԼûйˡ
һԼͲȥˣϾȻվ̫Ķ棬Լ롣
ĽᣬоԼ綼н
ܹϵģ̫ļ֤֤Ԫ޽ɣıʾԼģҲܵõ̫ꡣ
˵֤Ԫ̫ˣ̫İ£˭Ҳ֪£ȥ֤Ԫˡ
ֱӸɴں˺УȻ̫վһǾһ·ߵھˡ
ɵ̫ǿ˵ĺô棬ʱȡ˵Ľɣʱ
ɾʹ̫ˣĳɾ㣬Լɾʹס
㣬Ǵ˵е٣ԼҲںĵ¶
⣬ĿɲǸտʱĺˡ
Ѿ벽ԲҲԶˣʱĺʹʲô
ԼǴ֮ӣʱɾͺ־Ǻʹǰʱһ
ʱ򻹿ףǿĴǺģǧħǾɵˡ
ǰܽĲϣԼ˲ǴϣѴϣ
Ǿָ̫ͽͣüһףԼֻǵһ
һ
ԼȻħһʧˣľǴΨһϣˡ
Ҳе㲻˵ǻߵĴڣеںϹ
ôˣ
ѾǿģΪλҪȥѵkĴڣ
ԼȻħǣҲǡ
Ǹôһ͵kһĴڣ
ܲⰡ̫̫Ҳҡͷ
̫ҲףΪδҪѴġ
зںϣߣҪһѵkģ
ѵ٣Ҳʧ
еĵʧ˿̵ĴҲʧȻؿʱµĴ
ǣҲͲͨ
еںϣûǻ۵ģûǻ۵kʲôʧ
ǣ
Ǵǻۣ
̫ˣҪǴǾ̫ˣҲܡ
Ψһ͵ͨģǴʹѵkĴڡ
ǲݷڵɣǴʹԲŲѴġ
̫ģΨһ͵ͨġ
̫֮£µ˿̵̫ס
Լ·ڶף˵ߵİˡ
һ²⣬϶ˣҲӡ֤̫ݣ֮ϻи߲Ρ
γԽебԴԴ㡣

׿µ⣬̫ħ֤Ԫ깫
깫׼䣬ǰˡ
⿴ȥǺ£ϸ˵Ǻ¡
׼ڣǣ£깫Ŀ飬ҲǻԵ
ûˣԵҲûˡ
ǰ̫аܽ깫֤Ԫ׼̫һʱѰ깫ĻԵˡ
Һãħ񣬼Ϻ̫ĺϼơ
뵽һ취ٳûоĽ̫깫£ɾ̫ʥˡ
һľķ¡
ʱҪľնȥħܷ¡
ڲˣҪ깫նȥħ˸Ҫ½
նȥħųɣͲҪýˡ
깫ڵǣ޾Է컯Ԫɾնȥħ׼ʥ޾ûһ˿һĽ
Ŀ£׼ֱħ컻ģߴ·߻ħ˵깫ˡ
Ҳ˵깫ļ޾׼ʥڣҪûлˡ
ȥ򵥵ĵ
ǣתĨȥĺۼ
ܵġôԵתûá
Ψһİ취̫ģ깫½ɾʥˡ
˺ֽݾֲ㣬ȥͨʥ˾
Ψһİ취
ʥ˲Σȥ򣬸
ԣ̫깫
깫һģꯡ
նȥһʬɾ׼ʥˡ
ɺϵǣۿħһδսҪ̫İ˸ǣʦûκεıʾҲż˰һϼƣʦ
Ժɺϣ̫˸ӺһЩˡ

û̫ʯ顢ľѡޡԪӡŮ洵ȣȼǵʦֶǣҲǸӡ
Уӡ顢ѩնȥħбնȥħնȥħֻ׼ʥڡ
Щǣӵİ˸ʥһꡣ
ԼûʲôоӾۼ󣬷˸̾ЩСһǶ׼ʥкˡ
ĴĶ׼ʥˡ
ʦ֣Ҳ̾ЩСĽԪʵ
ʯһЦǰ仯죬ңǸʱ׼ʥĸ֣ں׳ƶˣ׼ʥôܴﵽˣ
̫ӣ
ǰңĹ̫ʱɾʹ޶ǧգ׼ʥôˡ
ǺǣǺĵΰҲʱı仯ϵƣֲεĽǻĹʱĸ˸־ϺַʵǺõһ棬ǰ˳Ҫڳɾ׼ʥĹʱǰѣǾ˵Ǻĺ޴ˡȴĿ
ʦ˵ǣҪǰ˵δɾʥ˶ɾ׼ʥ򵥣Ǻǡ
ȷпܡ
˴ǣһеˡ
Ϊȷˣδ˵򵥣ΪԼ˽ĻԵ
ˣ˵ˣȥݷʦɣ˵ħҲڣ֪Ĵڣ߰ɡʯ
ƣ
һжӣӣԼĴӣ깫ȣȥ


1002 δ֪棡
ݼʦʦ棩
ݼʦү
һͽͽǣݼ̫
һĻħҲĽ̫˵ģ˵ʱ̼ǵС
ħһθܵĺʹǰԼĻʱĲͬ
ʱǴ֮ӣҪǿ۵Ļ޺ͻ飬ʲôʦͽϵ
Ĳһʦͽϵ
ʼˣԼҲҪ㣬ռǱĵӣҲҪԼ֡
̫һ֣
Ϊʦ֣ʯǰʼѯǴ˿̵ɻ
ʦħսҪ֪Դʯʵ
Щӣûǰ㣬׵̫뷨
ǰǵ˼ά㣬ĲҴսӦʦģβ֪ΪΣʦǳĬûҪֵ˼
ͺãħսǴȳʦˣù˼ɣҲѯʱԼ͸Ǽħ𶼲⡣
⣿
ʦ𣡡
ڵһ㶡
ʦʲô˼
ѹħô˵ԼǼħҲܡ
Ǳ뷨ͺã˼ɡ̫һαʾ̬ȡ
˵꣬ڵӲˣʼ˼ʦ˼ˡ
ÿν٣ʦ𶼻Բ벼֡
ΪҵһΣʦ߸߹أ
ħǱȻ˵ʦ⿴棬ǰĳִѹħնɱȣֻչʾ̬ȣ
깫
ǲˣʼ˼̫깫еǰ档
𣡡
깫̫һݡ
ѣô̫תͷħ
ħ⿴깫깫Ȼеһ׺͵ĸо
֪˾ħǴ֮ӣӵߡ
Ҳ׼ʥ˺ͽʥ˵ĵˡ
ڵѵĵ£ȻȲϴǰ׼ᣬʤڻι̣Ǹӡ
ţȻѿãԵһΣ̫ʵ
ƺԤƵˣûоȣǵ˵ͷҲãϵԵһҲС
Ӧˣ
깫ǼǵԼ˸ʦħ

ֻ̫УһԪɫĹʵˡ

˸ʥ˵Ǵǰľʥ˷³ʥĽ
ѵ
ʥ깫룺СӺˡ
Ҫسʥ
깫˽ͬʥ֮ɡ
깫е𺳣Ȼǽ̫еĽ
һαľʥ˷º󣬲ͬǣľʥ˱ľΣϽ
˱ֻһ˳ʥĽһӵĽţɾľʥˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫľʥ˵һη£˵Ļܻͱľʥˡ
ľʥ˵ƺ
ԼҪǷ£ԼɲľʥľõҲ˵ԼºͻʧˣԼںΪһ塣
Ľ˵ˣҲһ̫󣬽һۡ
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սˣ

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ԺͿʼںĵתۡ
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Ԥʾţʬ֮Ҫϵӣ򲻿նʬҪ
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Ȼ
䡪
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ħսһʥ˳ˡ



1004 
ף棿
ڽнڣֻ̫ͺ뵽
ԭ˴ǰܵһ˿¶س̶ȳıʣ˶ˡ
˽нڡ
̫ȵһú͵ˣ˺˿ʼ̽硣
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һ̽󣬺һס
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̫˵ͷҲ̫ȷ˵˵ͷʼݡ
һᣬֻ̫۾
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Ǿˣ㿴һԲĻѵ֪ǰʱǧħҲʮǿķħ񣿡
ϵ֪һʱ䣬ڶռ䡢컯ֻء߹ⰵڰ˾ھż𡢵ʮɡʮһʮС
ֵʲô˼
̫ЦʱħĵǴôħҪҪԤƣںϽĺ󣬻Ϊһʥأһʥأ⡭
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⣬ǵһһսȴĵԤʮȻںĳָ֣ǱȻ֡ʱ䡢ռؾΪһʥأָĶʮߡ

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ҪǧħĴڣģǻʱǴ֮ӡ
һָؾʥء
󵫷Լ֧ǵķҪԼôؾ;
Ҫ治֣Ҫǧ򱶡
˵̫˵ǧħʱҲûм֤޼ġ
˵Ǹʦһ򣨰֧ǵķ򣩵;
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С˽̰
ԣɣѪɺɱĻ찵أʧضòһʼǻ˼ʱԶڳȥֹǿ
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̫ź뿪ˡ

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ӡԪʼͨˡ
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һܲ
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зߵˣɽһЩ֮ӣзĴڣҲйϵĺĳǿߡ
Щħս̫Ǻܹע
ʱ
ֻһ˻ɵħ֮ˣ顱һײ̫ͺεĸĤϡ
Զһڵĸɱ
ಡ
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ո̾ӣʼԼݺһԱʱ
һĻˡ
ԼݺݵײһռϣһԼ͸ĸĤϡ
֮أܲÿ
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ϣѹƵԼվĸˡ
¥
¥ΪԼǸˣΪ½ʱϽ
ɽ磬ʼĸı䣬ıǮûˣ
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ǺĻǧ磬Ǵ˵еĵ档
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̫Цˣû뵽ԼСٶô档
̫Ҳе氡
ԼµģȻħ¥


1005 ѹ¶մ
治ʶ˵СħͷģȻţ̫֮١
ȻʶСһﲻ򵥣½ǿĴڣݺ硣
̫Ŀ佱û⡣
ɽ½飬ݺһǿ֮ӡ
֮˵ʵɽǡ
ʬˣҲ˵
̫ǿˣ˵׼ʥڣʬ˵Դնʬ֮
ʥ˵ר½׼ʥˣ￴ó档
ȷ̫ûп¥󣬺Ͳˣɿ¥ǡԡ
磬ս
һսǽǧ꣬ԴԴϵħּ롣
˴δսսﵽǧڣóսĲпᡣ
ʮһʥѹջܻħδսܼҡ
У˵һӪʥˣǵڶӪ׼ʥԲҲʼս
ڤӡʡףڡȣԼ̫ԶŻ飬ʼ롣
ҵĳ̶ȣʥûֵǰ£Ѿߵļ¼
ҵĴսԽʧأԽܽ˷˼
ܶ鲻ʼ˼
ΪγҵĴսΪδսʧȥԼˣԼĵѣ
⵽Ϊʲô
ѵħ
ħԼǰΪĶħҲԼࡣ
Ϊβܱƽ⣬ΪҪľս
һǧĴսһǧʧأħ˫ʼ˼ˡ
ǿ߿ǿսЩ׼ʥԲսԼߴѹʥˡ
ļãȻ֣ԼƴƺߣĻЩʥˡ
ôʣֵ
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ȥЩڻԼô֮
Ĵģôģ
ģôǿˣ
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ڽս˫Ȼһǣ
е㷴˼Ȼ޴Ĳǣ·˸ղŵ뷨

һ죬ֻһѷ֡
Ѫ˽ǧڵڳˣǽнĸĤʼ顣

ħ˫һԻֻһǳֵѷȻ
һɵͻأĳˡ
ڣҲ񲻴ڡ
ֻħսǰߣһɵ֮سˡ
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ħʥһ󼤶ָоԴˣһ
˵ֵġԳǵ롣
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Ȼ
һϹɨ֮ɢ˺ܶ࣬һ޴ľˡ
ɢԲ⣬Ϲͺڹ⽻ӳ
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ⲻ˵ʲôˣɡ
Ȼ
һʥûһ򵥵ġ
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Ϊʥ˳֣뱻ĻϿʥ˴սأʥ֮¶ϡ
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ΪףԼƴٲңʤȻʥˡ
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Ϊڲìܱħûĳġ
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ǰ̹ᦻʥ˳ʱ֣ɴ˿ƺˡ
ˡ
ʱ
ֻؾ׵ĳͣħսģһ޴Ļɫؾ
ֻܿգʲôڣûܷ֡
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ֻһ̫ҲεˣȻһǰѸٵķؾ㲫һѡ
˴˴δսԭʮа˾žǹؾ
ԣǴʥ˴սһѡ
ĴȱֺηˣΪ˻ԵȥҲһԡ
ΪĻţܶ˲һѣӶɾ;ֵ
ԡ


ֻһҽУ̫սУһɫɨ̫ʿȫɵֿıˡ
һĻڽֵʥ˶һȡ
Դǰйâɨ׼ʥ˿ɴ
£ܶ಻Եʵ
ˣ˿ʼѴǰؾнֵԵ˵һ顣
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һϴڵ
ѣ㶼ٲˣȻ仯ܴϵ˵չáǲ
ϻ᲻ɱϵ㿴θճ;ôпĴսϵڳˡ
ΣҲԵ㿴㣬չٻ׼ʥڣϵϵû£ﵽ׼ʥڣѵ㻹𣿺ľޱ䲻ʺϳñ
⣿ϵûзȷ㡣
Լȷܰȫ
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ѵĲܳñ
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ʱ
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Ϊ̫ˣ˲Ŀ
̫
ͺһϼƣˣԳˡ
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Ǹļһһȥԡ
ǣΪʥ˴սͲעؾҸҿ϶˾ǳɹˣҲˡ
ǲ֪

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ȻսʥǣҲڹע
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Ȼһ˿նںｻֵһħʥ˷ġ
ܶµĲȥɺ˿ǵˣΪҲԼû̽飬һСȵһ

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ҽе̰ʥˣղųֵҲ
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ˡ׾ٵĽһкʼעˡ
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ǣ
ôܣ
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ֻһƻȥʮղŻڿеʥˣȻһյİƺݺݵ˵ϡ

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һҽУҽеʮʥˡ
޷Լˡһдӿ˵ϣˡ
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Ϊûװȿȡԣû취Ŵѹˡ
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ʮʥ˻˵ʲô˭뵽ǵ任ģϢϽǸɡ
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ԲĻǾ϶շѹˣսкãοղŹʲô˼ռؾ𣿡
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Ǹղű任ģ֣ʥֹ̰ˡ
ʥǷֱˣ˭֪һС
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̫˼ˡ
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˵ˣռжû취
ΪղԼֹ̰κռС
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˿ѾԵ̰ʥˣǸļһ֪ԼˣԼ˹ȥ
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̫仰˵ֱ̫ˡ
ֵһȣʲô
⾹Ȼܸз֧ؾ
ȷ˶ռУ˭Ҷռݣ˭˵ĵˡ
˶ռ
ڳ
ȻҲ̫ͺİ취
ֻ¶մ
鿪ʼؾǿ򲻶֪ĲҺʹʥᡣ
Ǻˣʥ˴Ѿռݵĸٹˣʱʥ˻ˡ
ʱ򣬾Ǵʥ˶ģƴҲҪػ
飬ûõǰԼĽۡ
һռݺܾúٽǽˡ
̫ͺ㣬ԴͷϾơ
Ѿ˵˭ռ˭ĵˣǰŽᡣ
ô죿
ʮʥ˴˿̹ͬ
ؾܶռˣЩۺɣʱ˭Ҷռǰܻġ
Ƚּ⣬顣
ʮħʥ˻ش
ţͺãǲģΪԼշѹҲãԼȥ԰ɣ֮Ѹģ¹أǵ顣
̫˿ܵʮʥ˺뿪ˣĿĴﵽˡ
ʮʥˣħһʥ˻˻Ե̰ʥˣ̰ʥһվ̫ʧˣ˿
ôˣ̰ʥʡ
˿ĵգûԼͺá
Ѱˡʥ˵
ôѰˣ̰ԡ
ȱˣȥؾɡʥûش
Ϊħͷ죬ʼ˼ôˡ


1006 󱻲
һʮһʥˣؾеһɲ
Խĸо档
̫˵ģǸʥء
β۲
뵽̫ǰľһա
Ҫռǲˣôţȴҡ
ôģħʥ˼򵥵ĺˡ
ħʥڲìܣħ̵ܴǣ̫ˡ
ԣȻǣĶ࣬ͲҪŪ̫ϸţǾԽǼԽǺá
ҪħᣬҪڲᣬѹ󣬾ͲҪȥ̽ˡ
ⶫûҪ̽Խ̽Խܣ¡
ܼ򵥣Ҳ˵ˣ׼ʥɽؾȻˣͲҪŪô鷳ˣֻҪ׼ʥ˭˸򣬵Ȼħ˫ɳѹв۵ƻؾ
뷨
ȻԼòռô
ȥܴ󷽣ңҲ׬ôġ
Ͼûһû飬ǿǿǿ
ǴȻǿ
һ㶣Ҫϸ滮֣ڲŽԻ׬ȡô
ôһ˵Ͱͬһˡ
ħһʱܱ
ѣؾ֣бؾ֣˵ؾԻи࣬ԽˣҪϸĻҲ簴˵򵥵ķʽȥǴ˿̳ԿչδʵûԿࣻοڲìܵļ򵥻֣Ҳ£ĵľٶҲ㣬ΪǺƽҲ£ġϲʥ˵
˵꣬ħʥ˵˵ͷ
ǺȻԼ
̫ûãԽԽá
ģ˵вòԭ
ǣҲܿóĲ࣬Ͼ׺޾£Ǹо顣
⣬ǵԸģħŪøӿˣΥּ
ͨˡ

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ؾһûǵ¡
뿴ǳԿħʥûǰͽ¶һС
˵ĺô
ҪΪ֪ȥᣬؾضΪʥ˴¢ϵؾûǵĵúô
ҲҪܴĴ۲С
̫ľٶȥЩ鷳ÿ˶йƽؾĻᡣ
Ķ£ܸܲ
Ҫǵ˵ؾܣƶᱻڹҲȻԵһϵ˵
ǰҪǵ˵ʥ˶ռݣռݺЩɢ޵ĺôҪؾ򣬿ҲҪǩ¿̵ȴһС
ȷĲ˵Ҫǵ¶һУѹȥʥ˴ؾȥȻҲ֪ؾʲô֪ʲôǽᱻڹ˺󻹻֪Ŀʥ˴һ׳󡣡
׼ʥεĸһ˼
һ̣һС
̫ôĺ壬˵Ϊǡ
ǵ𣬸ղ㿴һлʮʥˣǡǽһ
ȷ򵥵һУħʮʥȫʲôħҪǵ֣Ľѡ
˵꣬˲ˡ
λ˵ԽˡǵֽѣǽгֵıȻ˵ʵҪǵֹ˽ѣȥ鲻Ҫܶ࣬Ҳȫˣǡ
˼ǣҪףû˽Ҳû˽û˽ѺҲнϴ˵Ҫ֪ǲֹҲǻԵǵĺݲȥֹ
˵˵꣬ղ˵ֽһСˣ˲ѺõĿ⣬Ĳڡ
æ͵λѣƶô˵Ҳǵ̫ĩڣ᲻֪ЩûбԹ˼Ϊ̫ˣԿ˵ЩλѼ£ƶľûбԹģ˵Ҷ֪ûΣĽע֪
ͷ亹Լһοˡ
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ֶ֪ĽѣȷǽѣҲǻԵ
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ֶЩ־Բ뿴
ңûнѣֹ
Ӵ֮£ᳬأҲáв
ֻнѽ٣ϴһЩȺѹõ;
и֣½ѵĸ֣ͬ
̰Թ˲˼ȡķǵȷ½ѽ٣ΪʾΣˡ
ڳԶδЦǲῼδģһһ죬δ̫ߴϣǲῼǡ
ﾺ棬ԶǺĵɡ

һߣ
ѸоΣڤʵ
ʬҡҡͷǿǿǿķ˼
ǰǰǸսɽʱ򣬾ѹ޼ʥ˳棬ʱƶͿʼϢʼΪĸ֣ħҲĸǣƣɺס
ڤ̾Ϣһ
ԭνǺ͵ƽĸ֣ںĿǰĻʱǺεȹϵĴڣ˵Ĳ꣬ҿĲǻ磬̫ϾԶˡ⣬ħħĸ֣ƫ̻κһͽƶˡƶҪдܻͣͳκģɵȴûУһֱػģıȲˣ

ڤ˵꣬һĬ
벻Ϊ̫뷨
ѵΪߵĶãҪΪߵһõĵزҲʬ˵
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ҪߵΪûһ˿ֻ̰òƵΪ飬ѡȥռС
ܲռ⻹Ҫʣ
һиɷʮʥˣŵû취
ͽ˾ˣռв˵˵ĺôʥ˲ܶռݣҪ鶼ܸ
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ôѪôп淨Ϊε˵ػʹ󰮵Ĵڣ

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ħ˫֮Ѹġ
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սȻսؾȻķָˡ
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ԣ˿̵Ӫ˷˼ļ룬ħѱġ
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ǰ˴̫ô죿
̫ʲôûʾ˵ǾǼħܡ
˸Ӷᷴ˼˼֣ᷢʦһֱҪħƽ⡣
ƽĹؼӪӪ
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г֣Ҳ֡
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ҪǴ˿վλ룬ħȻҼ٣ٵĴۣǴħ𲻵ĳ̶ȡ
ƻ˴ħٵĳԣⲻ̫ҪģҲ뿴ġ
Ҫһ

ںİ̫ƶĲ裬һʵֵʱ̡
𻯵괫ѶϢ
˵ǣݱѾﵽһͣͣ
֮ϣ档
һڤ棺ʼʱڡ
ڶ̫棺ȳʼʱڡ
Ԫ棺ȾԶԭʼʱڡ
棬ڼӱʱ£ﵽ˵棬Ҳһͣ͡
̫֪ȥ˷ǿգϵ



1007 ռ
Ҷ棬ûǰѧЩ֪ʶ
Ժĸ̫ͣΪǵĴߣҲԼ֪Ķࡣ
̫һȦ˵֪
ðɣΪ˱ʾ֪ԼͰɡ
̫ҿ϶ԼǲԵ򣬻ԼǰǸԡ
ǰ۹ĵһڵĵʲô𣿡
⣿һȦ
ҿ϶ǴĿǰеһο⺮ڣʱ䣬-ֻ꣬м򵥵ļ䡣
̫˵ͷʾˡ
ô˵ģܴ꣬ﵽڵʱڣ̫ʵ
Ӧò࣬ǲ֪еģǷһȷ
һ겻ҿ϶
ҿ϶Լǰ
̫Ц
赣ǣֺᷢǰеһģһҪ֪Ǳͷ걾ԴܵģҲ˵ǰ־꣬ݣֻҪͷˣݱ켣ʹˡ
̫˵꣬Ȼ˿
Լݳһ־
ָһ־һŵҲ˵Դˡ
е㽾ķ֣Ĺ켣ȻΪԼͷڵģ˽
ԼǲǿԺ˵Լǵһ봴ʼԪ顣
ڴˣϵ棬޾ĭеһǵ𿪱ٵġ
Ҳ˵Լصĵ򣬾͵ӵ档
ÿ£ԼȻ֮
ߵĸγ
ˣһ󼤶
ԼδҲԼǣƵĵ򣬶꣬ǧԪʱͻ֡
ʲô뷨
̫꼤ʵ
ȫƾ
Ҫţ˵˵ûʱնСС档

һ㱡
ȷˣȥܴ̫СˣԵ˵СǶԼ˵С
𣬲õkݱɡȥ֣ʵһҲ֪ʲôΡ
һ˵Ĵ˵ܶ࣬û֪١
УеûУ֮˭֪ء
ԼҲ֪ͲˣеkԼݻ
̫˺⣬̽ɲϣ˲֣̬Ⱥܲ
̫˵ʵ
ʵ˸㣬ͷ꣬ݳ˵򣬶һһͷݳǵ棬Ҳ˵һһ
˵꣬Ĭˡ
ʲô֪
Ǹһ֧㣬ʱճӵݣȻݵһУϳһ־
ڵ˵Ŀ¡һĿ¡вݿ¡
˼ǣ桢򣬺Լǰһģһ
Ƕΰ̫ǿ
ɣԼǰܾǵŪġ
ϾݺʱճӣȻΨһôΨһǰ£δ˵ͨˡ
룬е˸оꡣ
ԭǣԼǼ٣
ǲǵĴڣõһξ
ڵʲô̫ƺĲ
ûûУ
صģ֪ʲôԸ㣬ͷĴڣǱΪǴ˿̣޷δȡ꣬Ϊ©ֲˣҲ˵һжģܱﵽΣѴļδȡ꣬˿ԲҪģʵ
˿
ͺãԼʵľͺá
Щɻ꿪˵㡣
ܾˣһĶн
Ϊһĵ򣬲
ŶΪʲôʲô
һһ
ڸĹһҲвͬĳƺ˵ƺνİʣֻİʻԲ㣬鱾Դǳ壬Բǿи飬Ҳûдɾͣ޷ǿﵽνĳѣͺԼһЩܴ󡣡
˵ꡭ
̫غǰ᲻ǱģǹĲͬ棬ʵһȻǳƺʣҿ˿νİռľųɶ࣬ܳ档Բ㣬ǱĹ¡
ֵң˵İʣҲǹʱ䡢ռʺÿγɣȻо޴ʺЩܳƺΪܽ˵ÿһģܲǹĲͬ
˵꣬˵ͷ
׼ʥεʵѾЩ֪ʶˡ
˵˵㣬Ǻܳ㣬ͱһ
ǣĹһڹ²Ծ
ǵˣԭ
ԴǷǿպɽǿգԼڤ罻֮أԴײγɵĿռ䡣
ǰеըһʣǳƺһѡ
ҲڲϵνıըںϽĶѣǰΪ
Դδ˿̵궼
һͨͨ޾ĸ򡢷ĸĸ˺ܶࡣ
ˣ̫򵥵Ľͺˡ
ʵ˵ֻҪıһ´Ĺ򣬴ܱ棿
ȷ˵Ҳԡ̫ش
ָ㡣
֪һҪģȷǹ򣬵ǹ»ǿ㷺ָĲֻǵ鲻ܶѣ󣬱ǵǿĴںܶ࣬ǿĸк־ģֻǰڵ֪ѣ𣿡
汦ܷŵĿ̫ҲƢ˵˺ܶࡣ
˵꣬ˡ
ԼղŵȷǴ˼ˣǰĵˡ
ôͨǿֲѹƵ飬к־
ĶһοһССˡ
ǲǰԼ̫࣬ˡ
˵ʱڣ˵Լǰһ󣬾Ǹʱ
Ͼδûʲôܵģʲôܷġ
ܽˡϿһݡ
޷ͷ磬ȻҪ֪Ķһ㡣̫
ǣ
˷£˵
һ½ϣ˽䣬˴˿̺ͳڵ
ಡ
ֻһָһ޴ʯͷ֣ƣ֡
⻹ΪΣ
˵Ĵ½᲻ϵݱ䣬һһνٵĹ磬֣֤˵δ˻ᷢ֡
Ļشг˶Ȥζ
֪δ˿ŷԼµ֣᲻ɵۣ
꺮ͳھȻ֣й׭ĺ֡
һ˴ʯ겻£ϴˢơ
̫СڹصĶȤζҲû⣬ƺҲ
룬̫Ҳǰ˵ıԴţһƪΣҪɺϷˣ˵ǵ˽ʱ㿴Σ
ˣΣ̫ˣ
Ըݵ˵ĸ׭̹Ǿʹʺϵ˵Ĺ
㣬̫лˡ꼤˵
Ǻǣ޷ϾҲǱ𿪱ٵġ̫Ц

±ˣǰԼɶ
涼ǵ𿪱ٵģԼܱȵΰ󲻳ɣ
ǧ֣̫һƪ£ĹȻһ˿
궼׭壬ˡ
Щƺ⣬Ȥζĵδ˷֡
֮תһȦ뿪˵
ȷĹ켣ݱ䣬öãҲǧԪᣬ͵ջʱڡ
ܱߣŽǧʱѷ죬ǵ˵ĻԵ
ǲҲܿԽݺ硣
⣬ȦУֻ̫һͶӰռˡ
ʲô
磬ҲԳƺͶӰ硣

С꣬ν磬磬һΣǣԴݱµͶӰͻ磬𣿡
ȿȡ
һ£ⲻνӰ
ǿ
Ȼûô򵥣ǵ𲼾£ȱͱԴֻҪ۵㹻ǿͻγƽе硣
̫˼ˡ
ҵڼ
ֻӵϵʱѷ죬⻹ĨͶӰܻᵮʶ
Ҳ˵ЩͶӰ磬ŵ˵ݻʶ硣
ǽͶӰ磬Ҳܵ־ѹĨɱ
ΪЩ磬Լʶ
ֲʲôϵͳߴԽĶҴԽҲᱻʶѹĨɱԭЩûʶ۵ǣⲻǵĨɱ飿Ȼ
̫һк
ֻʥâ˸ǻ籾ԴĶ
̫ͶӰɣϾ˭һǧͶӰ磿
Ҳ̫ˣԴడ
꿴ޱȾ˵׳١
ãô౾ԴȻ˷ˣǧͶӰѣԼԼܽһ󲽡
̫лʣµĲٱԴ룬һֳ˽ǧɫĹ㣬֮ɢ˵С
ǣ
ǴͷУĽָ
ۡ
ˣԴ۵Ľָϵͳ
үү
鱦
ˣľˣ߰ɡͷСѾͷ֤Ԫˣ֤Ԫ󣬾Ϳأ𻯵·С
̫˵꣬Żе뿪ˡ
ܾòѣΪ̫һУһУԼĶһУҪˡ


1008 󱬷ϣ
ôˣôл㱵ģ
ص𻯵ܾˣȻһ㱵ӣз˺þú̲סһ䡣
Ҿʲôһϵе㣬ȻеͷƤ顣
ܣԽİ壬ָĵһ¡
ǣʵȷΪΪ
㣬Ŀһ棬һ治ֹ˵ĴڣΪΪ
ҵȻ֪㾭ʲô㲻˵֪ûĶ˵

һ㶣ʱͷľˣҵһϤĸоǰĸо
ƺҲصǰŮԵĸı䡣
˸о㺵Ĳ
ݺ͵ģ˶ûнơ
ȻҲ̫ԭ˿ɲ̫⡣
Լ𻯵ɲǽġ
ȿȣҾͼ򵥵˵˵ɡԼһж˵һ¡
˵е𾪣ʣģ
Ȼ桢ԼͶӰ磬ָȵȣ𶼲ֺˣҺܻǰǵĵ
ܰɣǰլŮһöҲ֪Щûǿߣܶǰ֪𣿡
Ϥ࣬ɺϵǣĶһǿߡ
Щǿߣǰ֪
֪իеիеţΪܵͺܵ͵Ĵڡ
իķߣ־ܣϤĻƤСٻȵ
̫ɽΪ̫ˣûϣ硣
֮Ϥܶ࣬ϤߣǲϤġ
ܰɣ֪վΪ̫ˣȥǵ磬ܶ˽ûзĿܣ˵İߣӵȣСܳɾͲָǴ޷ܡ
ţ˵ͷ
ƺ˵㣬ˣҪôˣǵĴھ޽ģ㱣úܼ֪ĵˣ뻹ͦġ
ǣʲôΪһµɣЦ
ǣΪߣ˵֪֮ģҲһլŮլŮܸģ˵ҪǸһЩլŮ»Եǻ᲻Ĺ¡
ȿȣðɣû˵ǲ֣ܲǣǻǲҪֵĺáһͷ
ǰͷһЩŮĹ
Ҿ˵˵ѣܺ档һ
ҡҡͷƺеˡ

һħӪܶ
ô
ʮ֪ܵģȫնɱˡ
ǾͺãԤƣǺεȲε鱦
⣿һɻ󣬴˵ڤӡ

ħӪĴܣҵ͵˺ܾã׼ʥԲĴڡ
ңһ㣬˶Ҫ֤ɾͻԪˡ
ѯʣڤܱһֱڽǰֵԿóˣ鱦ҲĶˣƺص˿ٵسڵʱ
ʡ
ڤӷֵ鱦ʲôΣ
ڤҲ㲻
Ļشˣ˼ǣǿ󣬻ˣ鱦Ҳ򵥡
նɱʮ˵ĽǼƷ鱦εġ
Ʒ鱦һ
Ȼһü
Ʒ鱦󣬵ҲΪѰ˵ܣ鱦ֻһ˭أ
Ҫһˣǰܵʮˣ˶ĺģնɱ˾ǡ
˿ɾͲͬˣ˵ܾǰҲгޣնɱƵǴγޡ
ͶħʱѡǣһԱ
ħʥ⣬ǿĴڡ
ʲôڤʣ
룬鱦һô֣Ҳûڤӽǻۡ˶ϡѡˣȻ൱Ϥ
ѣΪһ鱦ҪǽҪڤӺȻ
ô˵һ󲻽⡣
ܼ򵥣˭ȱһƷ鱦˵Ҷ˵ûôΪΣΨһҪǿ֤ڤӵ
ЩıͼƻСõ˽̵ġ

ڤӼԼˣֵǸӣ֤ӡǼħ˵ںҪ֤ѵÿ𣿡
⣿ƺˡ˵˼ǣǽȥݷõ˵׸ҵİݷõԭ򣬶һ֤һǼħ𵽵
⣬㡣ڤһЦˡ
룬һ鱦ѣǼƷҶûãǲ˹׸һ̽Ŀǣý赽
˵꣬һ˼
ϸ˿ڤӣ룺϶ǻۺܸ߰Сˡ
ƻܺãԼҲҪãͰ˵ģȥݷõ𡣡
˴һ¡
úǰݷ̫̫硣
̫ɻôˡ
Ǽ˺̫ƺˣһԲĵϣҪ֤Ԫˡ
ڤӣݼ𡣡
˲ô߳ƣ̫ǰһĹ
ɣôˣ˵Сһħң̫ȡЦ
˿ͷˡ
˵ĲںԼħͲȡЦĿˡ
ѵĵʺħңҲħ˫ޡڤһƨҲСӡ
ˣ˵˵̫˰֡
ǺܶĿеĶ̫û̫ƽȡ
˵ľˣãҴڼǺ
ڤӵѷһ鱦뵽ܾûݷˣ˴ݷõ𡭡Ҳαһƨ
˼鱦˵˭ӵУǹ׸
⡭ǵ⣬Ӧף
̫Цˡ
ѵģҲգ鱦úȥ˾ǡ̫ȻˣҲû˹ǡ
ָһ㣬˵鱦еʱ䣬ǼƷ鱦
鱦򵥣ɺ󣬵һ鱦̫ãоļֵ
̫Ҳ뿴ļƷ鱦ͿٵسڵļƷ鱦
̫Ļ˿Ȼûг׷£ΪǻиҪء
Ȼֻ̫һЦӣˡ
ȻСһҪ֤ˣҲͱԵ֮Ҳգ֤ʱǿɽÿһǱǵ
л𣡡
л𣡡
ǳĹݣû뵽ô˳
̽ˣȷħû⡣
˿֤ҪĿ
ֻһδ鱦׬ˡ
֮ˣ˵뿪ˡ
ʱš
ħȻûнڰ˴սȻѪս衣
ÿ춼кܶȥÿ춼кܶ
ǧķߣķߣɽȻħĶ
ⳡսƺͷǰܶΪٽѣҲнһ졣
ǿͷֻҪħڣûоͷ
ħ˫ʥ򣬻޼ʥ˴ڣԤʾûһ᳹
ûһͱʾȥ
ǵһнѣ鿴Ҳͷ
пǿĻԵ
ת˲ħʮ꣬ʮȥʤ
пս
սҲһصľ󣬾ؾ
ʮĴڣһħ˫ʥأĶ˸
͵ż׼ʥ
棬ϲпµѹĽܿ죬ֵҪࡣ
ÿ춼͸ȥȻֵ֣ᷢƽʱڸࡣ
ĥеĻԵ
ǽѣҲǻԵ
죡
ˣ
ʦԶţϹţݺ޾£֤ɾͻԪ
䡪
һѸ棬𺳺ġ
Ҫ֤Ԫˣ
һͬʱĸһ䣺ʦˡǧ֮һնɱ棬תս
Ŀʼ˾ʧˣ͵
ֱħħʦһġ
úܶĴڣʱǸˡ
û뵽֤Ԫˡ
һ˼
˵ĳ˲ٰ֤Ԫ̫ܲƽкϷˡ
ǣ
л͡

ֻˡ
в򡡢ĳˣЩ
һ֤ԪҪֹһ¡
ɺȻ֣л˶ʱˡ
ã˾Ȼõ˵֧֣˻ˣֹˡһܡ
Ǻƣһʥ򡡣
˵֮ǰһ֤Ȼֹⲻ붼֪
û뵽е֧֡
ˣߣҲˣʱȥ迪ܽרǰ̫һ޺޵˵
Ҳ֤ıԵֻû뵽ô졣
ǰȡ̫֧֡
ħڶӪ쵼æµˡ
ǣ֤ˣӪԷһţ֤ɡ
ߣȥҵ˶ܵõ֧֣ϲңȻ֤ġ
̫һ̫ϲܿ
Ҫڤֱȥˡ
С
ԲΪ
⣬⣬ֹ⣬ҲĻˡ
졪
һȡ
¡



1009 ʥҪŶӣ
пĸϴǰ֤̫ˡ
ûо飬Ҳڴǰ˵ľУ㹻ľ顣
ҿԽԽˣҪ˶öҪˡ
ĪҪˣǲǿں磬ԤʾźĽҲ
׻鱦Σĸ

ʮ
Ŭ˳ˡ
֮ҪȹС磬ֱںϺľͿɡ
Ҳǰľ飬ںϺѾǴơ
һ׳ģģȹ硣
һϵеĲ֤ɹ
ɾͻԪ޽㣬Ԫ޽Ĳ㡣
ǰǵһնʬֳϹһһ֤ġ
˿̣Բ
֤ɹʱ磬ħ߲㣬ħӵ׳ˡ
Ŀɲô롣
ʲôˣ
̫˽ˡΪʱ򣬻ߣŸһ
һǿħʥ˾ͿʼˣɳĶߣ¶
ħǰŽᣬһ̿ԤŽһȥˡ
ʥ˶˽⡣
Ȼ
˸˿ʱ̣һϢˡ
ڤ棬ԶšϹţѪ֮츳ߣѪݣڤӲտ֤
л͡
һҪģһϵеɧҲģѧϰ
ϾƣϹŶ
һĺһѪһпᣬóıƣóѪȶ񶾡
ʦҪ
һȺ˭Ů
ǵڶ˭ڤӣ壬޽̡
ǵ͵Ĭ˺ܾãһվʱȻ𺳺ġ
֤ˮɡ
֮ڤһںСģɾһ塣
ϹŶһЩԵе̿֡
ħԽԽǿˣֶʥˣǺá
ȻʥˣڤӺ˽ģЦˡ
ݶļһʥˣħĺӵͷˣڲͿʼˡ
˼޾µıԣע顣
ħʮħʹʥˣȷó
Ǻɵעɼ
Үͻˣʥ˻濴ǡ
ʮɼļĸӣǺڤӵעˡ
ڤӺ˿̵ĵλ󲻶սħĵλǿ϶ġ
ԣһЩԵĲһʥ˺ܿġ
ǰֹ֤ģȻˣƽ£һһעˡ
עϹŶơ

ʦʥˣڤڤʥˣħԽԽǿˡ⣬ԽԽǿˣʥַ˼Ĵڣ뱬ڼˡ
һ˵һĬ
˵ģʥ˱ڿʼˡ
Ŷʼˣٵ˿̡
ȥʱܾã˵һʱ
һʱΪʱ
һʱĹţڶʱ̫šʱԶţԼϹʱǵʱš
ϸ˵ʱտʼһѡ
ⲻһʱ䣬Ѿô֤ġ
һ̾
Ҵ˵ŻаʥŲʮһءһ˵
ʲôʥ
һȡ
˵ͷǰϢ˵Žаʥ
˻
һ󾪺
ʥ𣿡
ħʮħʹҮͻ桢Ѫˣʮ߸ټڤʥ˺ʥʮŸ
롢ʼˡλʥˣס˵ʥˡۿʥˡʥˣټλʥˣλʥˣʮĸʥˡħʮʥˡ
ŵ˴ӣӴ󻤷ʥˣԼʥˣͺĺʥˣʮһħʮĸ
⣬е𡢵桢ħ桢ʥˡʥˡĺʥˣʥˡʥˡʥˣԼ޼ʥ˵ģϵۡ޼ʥˣ޼ʥˣʮ
ʮʥˣѾʮʥˡ
һܽ
һܽᣬžŵķ֣Ѿʮˡ
ԣԡ𡢵桢ħ桢Լλ޼ʥ˵Ȳ㡣ǽĺʥ˶㣬ǲһģʮĸ˵ʮλǰ㡣Ƕǿٵصĸ֣ʥ˵Ķ塣
һ˼
Ҳԣʮλǰ㣬ʮĸʥˣ˵ʮʥ˹λǶлᡣ
⣡
ƣ
ôͣ˲𺳣ϣ
ҪİʥĿǰһأƺҲлᡣ
κΣ

깫Ĵӣ֮ˣճʥɾ̫ʥ˹λ

ɵˡ
Ķɵˣվ֤ʥˣ⻹û侲أһ
Ǵǰķ֮깫Ҳʥˣ
ԣ̫ʥˣ̫ʥˣʹǰľʥһ
ѵ̫绹ܲϵĳɾʥˣ⣿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ɵˡ
ôгʥģ벻깫ʥˡ
ڸ·ȥ̫Ķ̫һһ㶣һԼˡ
УҪӿٶȡ
ʥ롣
뿴Ŷʥ롣
ȥɣܺ˵ġ
ΨһͬһĶ棬ڴǰʼ˺Ϳˣ֤Ԫˡ
û뵽Ῠôá
ħٽ٣ĥѵӣһҲҪ֤졣
Ͷ̫һһȥ̫迪
磬Űɣһɹġ
ʥ룬ҪԵԼˡ
ʥƺ̫ˣʼճɲʥ˿ԵԼĳƺˡ

깫ʥ𺳺ܴ
һʱ䣬̫ңһܷæĵط
ʥ뵽󣬿˶̫һ̫һƵӡ
ʥܾȣѵûӦ̫һ
԰
˵ǵ׶
ԼչˣԹھȺ
ѵ׶ӶˣԼǸҡ
ߣʥ㿴ʲô̫һ
ʥ֣ѵùˡĿ⡣
ƺԼĵùһ
ң棬뿴Ϳܵ𣿡ʥտʼûعˣعһ󷴲
һ𣿡̫һ
Ȼ㵹ùˡôûӦ㣬ʥ뷴ЦˣûӦ̫һǺüˡ
Ҳͣģ̫һȻʲô
ôΪҲһӦҵģߣʥ뱻̫һĺû

Ȼ̫һЦˣЦǽһ˷ܡ
ЦʲôʲôЦģʥһ

̫һǴЦȫûʥʡҿʥ任ɫˡ
̫һʲô
ʲôƣ
̫ûӦˡ
֤û⣬ҪŶӡ
Ŷӣ
ǵȦĶ̫һ̫Ļشɻ
̫ʱô˵ģСڣһǰµͻԼϺè桢Լ˵ˣҪ֤죬Ҫȵȣĸֵˡ
ô̫ࣿһ˾䡣
ǰݱ䣬˴󱬷ڤ䣬֤ĺܶ࣬ҪŶӡ
⣿Ҫȶã
࣬ĸˣȹ̼׼ôҲʮһԪʱ䡣΢ȵȰɣи󵽣Ҳǲǣ
̫һһȦæ˵ǣȵȾˣ
˵ô˵ģôܲż
ǣûճɹҲãô죬ֻܵˡ
Ƶԭ
ͺ˵㣬Ϊ˼ҴҸۡ
Բĵϣ̫һˡ
ҲŶӵģƶٺ˵㡣
ֳ˼ˣô֤ģǶҪŶӵģ鷳ԽԽˣҲԽԽǿˡ
ˡڳ˼أʥ롣
ͨʥĽЦˡ
ԼܵùҪźŵ壬ʥùԼô壬ɵ߲ۣʥ϶Ҫڵڰλ
ʥоܲá
ɵЦĶ̫һɻ

ʥ룬ҲˣҲҪ֤̫ͰʥŪԺˡ
ʥ뻹ۺ󣬷ۺˣҲһƵӡ
ôˣʥ벻ͨ
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˵һ̫ͨһ֣õģӦˣ
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֤ܶ죬ÿĺܶ࣬ҪŶӡ
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ڰλʥƺʲô
֮ǰбͻ񣬴˺è˵ˣǶ̫һ͵㿴ˣۺڵڰλôҲԪʮɡ
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ԭԭԼҪŶӡ
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ǣȵüȵüֻû뵽ҪŶӡʥһΡ
ۺˣҲ˵һ䣺Ҳû뵽ҪŶӵġ


1010 󱬷£֮ϹŶ
нѾлԵ
ȥʮֲпᣬȥ޾飬ɾ߸һ
˿̾㣬ħٵĽ٣˴սĿ٣Լʱʱħһδս
ͬʱ߶˶ǿߵĽ
Ŷӳʥľа˸˵ҲҪ֤Ĵڸࡣ
ת˲ʮȥˡ
ڴڼ䣬»ˣ깫֮󣬿֤
˵֤죬ûۡ
Ͼܾ֮ǰ컯ԪУ˵Ĵġ
컯Ԫһοʯ顢ʼԼС֮
ԣ֤ûж˸еȡ
è˵֤죬ɻ˺ܾá
èһλŮӣ̫ʱ;ǨϺ޾¹ȥˣڿ֤
͵Եʣ֪Ĳ࣬˿֤죬һ֪
޲ȣԭôһλĹŰʱ峤
ˣǵõ˴ǰ컯˵ָ㣬Ů洺ͷϺĽ֮ˡ
֮˷֧컯
ôɵԭ
컯Ͼ򵥣Ҫдǰ컯˵ָ㣬˾д˿̵ĳɾ͡
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ȥʱܾãʱĸ֤ģѾԵúܽˡ
ӪĶ̫һһ󼤶
ֵԼ˺þãֵԼ
̫˵ۿɻ󣬴̫һ͵ۿ˵֮󣬵ۿһ㱡
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ۿ׺ΪѵĿ˿˺͡
˺˵˾䣺һ磬ִŸô֤졣
ǹĶ̫һŶӵ˵ۿ󣬵ۿָ˷˺ͺ˺͵Ļش
˺͹ΪȻˣһܿ졣
˺ͣʼûһһִǻڷľŸӡ
ΪյľŸӡ
֪жãǾŸѿѵʱ̡
˺͵Ļ˵꣬ļãۿһܡ
дˣǰΪʦ֤ˡ
Ϊû֤ûһԭԭ
ûз̫һ
꣬죡

˶̫һʣ̹ŴᣬڻΣ֤죡

Ὣ֤УйĦ߿
̫һԵúܴҪĦ
ڵģС
ΪӴǰļ֤ģѾγ˹
ܽ赽ģǵ϶ģû˸ȥ鷳
οֹģǴ߸ֻ֡ףֹ˱ˣô֤ʱҲù
Ȼˣγ˹
˭֤죬ĺܸɾγһ֣谭֤ķ
綫̫һ
֤ûֹ
˳ںϺĺһλʥˣһλ֤ʥˡ
Ǻɾ͵ʥˣе㳬Խۿ˼Ȼۿǿ
һʥˣĵĴܴ
ڤӵĳ޹ؽҪȥħǿˣ׵Ĳ롣
𡢻ˣ¡è治ǣܶ˰ſ
Ŷĸʥˣеϰˡ
嶫̫һʥͲһˡ
˵Ϊ̫󣬵һλʥ˵
ۿͶ̫һֵģвҪš
Ŵ֣ͿʼڲìУһɣ
ҪĹưһǲϵġ
˿ȥźǿڲìעҲ
Ψ˫ʥֵôء
һʱ䣬һ۷׷ס
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ڴ˿Ӫ
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ǰǵħ˫޵ɣħע⣬Ͼûʥˣ̫ˡ
ʥ˳ֺӪʱеһɾ޴ѹ
ħʼעˣʼǵɵˡ
ǴӲ⣬ħӵ״̬ѹǰĴ
һܵģ˵Ӫĵӡ

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⽫ǽŵӡǣ
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ںĿٵصĵڶ׶ΣΪ鵮ʼ
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ʱϸ˵㡣
ˣһʱǻĹš
һ˵ʱޡʳ嵮ȣһ˵ĹţȻȻЩ
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˵ͼ̵޺սʳĻԼת۵ĴԼĳưԡ
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˵Զţû䣬ħԣԼϵȣԶŵӡǡ
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ϹǸΰʱĻ͡ؾޱ䡢ʥ˳ʥ嵮ȵȡ
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Ѿ˲ӡǣɽ޼֣ԼħͽҪİʥա
ڽŵӡǡ
ʥ˽ϳ֣ʥգȻǽŵһӡǡ
º˵Ҳú˸̾ѡ
˵ǰʥ˳˵ǣʮˣֶ߸ʮһˣѾˡ
ǰ˵Ƕлᣬã˵Щ֮Ӱ
һ󣬲󣡡
ʥ˺ʥˣò˵λʥ˳ʥǽӪˡ
ǰ˲Уǰʥ˺ʥȻҲǿǺͶʥ˲˲١Ϊô׷ˣҿΪӪˡ
˵ˣһ˼
˻ôҪܺʱҪ
˼ǿ󣬲ǳɹĹؼȱһɡ
ҲҪ취ˣҪ취ǵˣڤʥǰħˣʥ˺ʥǰ㣬˵ˡ
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ʥĸˣǿһʵ
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ӺδõˣֻҪõ˾лһ
ΪˣʥԽԽ࣬λԽԽ٣ֳ˱仯ֱ۵ı仯
ħĸӪУԽԽ˲ٵ͵ʼͷˡ
⵼¸ӵĻҡ
ħҲŽˣʥԤԵĳˣڤˣȹΪ󣬿ʼҪȨʼ¶ʼʵˡ
ħһʱʮֵܡ

ڤӣʲô˼
ħ߲һãϴŷŭı飬ʮħʹĸʥˡ
ڤȴһЦ
ʮλħʹѣûʲô˼ֻô˵Ҳħʥˣ֤ģѵáǵȨСˣ˸о㿴ĸǾȻͳ¶࣬ܽܡ
ڤ˵
󵨣

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㣡
Үͻ桢Ѫʱŭˡ
ȻƺǷֱˡ
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͡
ڤӺȻЦˣЦʮħʹŭˡ
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ҪԼ˳£ҪҪˣ
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оۣû취ˡ
ʮ˵ȷѹˣǲɣܻʧС
ʱħ֣ļһҲ̲סֵģŽйһ
쵰ǿһ㣬ô󵨵ĿԼҪȨ
ȻúŪҮͻǾͺúŪΪ͡
ĵĻͲúŪˡ
ڤӶһۣĵˣȻԼġ
ʮλѣҪҮͻһĵ̣Լʮλѵʮ֮һº͵򡣡
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ܣ
̫ˡ
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ѵ֪ʥ˼Ҳв
ãҴӦˣǼסһΣһΡ´Ҳϧơ֪ô򣬾ȻӦˡ
˵ķŭУǿᡱĴӦˡ
ڤӺʤЦˡ



1011 ͺˣҲǿˣ
ڤӺˣħڣѹֵղûл⡣
ܳĬ
ֱһЦ
ȤȤȻ򵥣ԽԽ˼ˡ
ʥˣȻЦ˵һ˼Ļ
ѣҪһ
̲סˡ
ղţڤӺ˵Ҫһ̣ʥ˴ֹǣ˵ǽȴӦˡ
˴Ӧˣǻûǽأ
ȻһЦ˸о͸¶վ̲סʵ
һ̾
лλѸղŵãлл
һ֣ʣʮλħʹҲڵĽ
λܲ⣬ΪνǵҪ󣿻Ҫ󣿡
꣬ڣ˵˵ͷ
Ҳ밡û취ڤӲϹŶ˶Եǵšˡ
λ˵ĺܶԣħ滹޼ʥˣֵģλѾⳡᡣסƽģû˿Բչɣ𣿡
꣬
˺ϸ˼֡
ڤǿһ㣬Բ޿ֵҪЮǡ
˵ĺƽܼ򵥣ƽ£󻤷֣ܳҪǳ֣̫֣ܲ
뵽̫Ŀ£̰ʥˣһ¡
ֵڤӣǿ׼һ㣬ҪЮǡȻ֪һɻɻʮ˲ˣѹ˾ǡ
˵˵ͷȷɻ
ûô򵥵ģǣһȫǺڤӴ֣ԿĻǡῴĻ޶Եģ⣬ĪҪˣİʥգʲôҲ˵Ҳװɣ
ʮħʹ⣬ĸʥһ˼
ʵ˵Ʋ֪һ˵˺׽ͣҲ⡣
ΪԸڤַ
׼ʱ֣ʱʧĿɲǰЩˡ
⣬ʥգһϢԽԽӵϢ
ֻڤӺѣδѣҪھʹ֣δڲսҲֹ
˼ǣˣ˺ݽѵ취Ǻڤӷ
˿׼һ㡣
ŭʥʣǸô죿
˳ȻΪû취˵ôһ䡣
ֱ쾪
ʲô
û취
⣿
ʮˣȻû취
ǵģû´û취һ취ûСҪʲô¶а취ֲǾͲǺˡľΪԵ棬ʲôһһһޡ
޵İ취Ǿ޵ƽ֮ûκεİ취ǿΥת򡣡
˵˳ȻȻǿ룬Ҫûծİ취Ҹ⿴ɡ
˵꣬ĿϢԲ취
ʮǽһ벻
һĬεķֻһ취ûС
ƽģˣ˲ȥ𣿲ȥ
ⲻǸԼ鷳
롭ƽ⣬롭ƽ⡣
ڣεķ֣һ취ûС
ôʵ
꣬εҡҡͷ
ѵôˣҮͻܱ
ô죬ҲżԵģƽģû취ƽ⣬ͬҲһƽ⣬޷ƽǼֲǼҲԴ˵ģûκΰ취Եɡ

˻Ȼô˼ԼӦ뵽ˡ
԰ղԼûа취ֲƽ
ͿˣͿˣ

Ǻĵ棬һҲвȷδλĪҪۣǿ֣ᷢΪˣֵȥͶ͸Ƕ¶ѣٵһУҲ٣ͬһߣ˭Цöˡ
ߣ
˵꣬ʧˡ
оԼ˵ĹˣҲĹˡ
зŭ벻ģǾ޴ˣĸʥˡ
ǾǷŭҲҪţ˰취֮󱨸ҪǷŲ·ŭǾͲֵԼȥǡ
ߺʮ˺ܶࡣ
ħٵʥ࣬ìܣҲ١
ͬʥ˶ˣҲվҪģħֻ˶ѡ
δܾʣҲҡ
˼ǣǽܲ˵ĻɣߵϷ
ŭʵҪࣿǾڡԡ
Үͻˣˡ
˭Լ򲻹ϹŶ򲻹ţвҽҲûá
һѪܵʵγ̣
һΡ

ʤڤӺֿˡ
ڤӻصԼϳ
õ˼Ҵҵĸ˹ô
һ˳
ǺǣҰ׵ˣǱȻ
޷֪ǱȻ̲ס֮顣
ֵܸĪһѡ
󡭡
ܣΪƿصº͵ˣԷĴ󵨵ȥ߷ħ˼ˣסĽһҪ
İɴ磬֪ôΪˣҪСܶšõ˸м
޷ֵܲ˵һ˭ţ㣬Ϊܲţ
磡ܣ
磡ܣ


ĺ⣬ǱѺͲпᡣ
ִ빲⡣
ڤӾˣ˶Եˣп˷ָ
ǶԶõ˶ˣвϧĺܼˡ
ܣⲻ£Ҳֵܵ·
㻹˽Ϊ֣ʲôħΪֻԼĵģԸԸħħӪҪҪǵõĺôˣħʧܱ¶ˣж׳ҵʱҲûȥԴ󵨷ĵ
İɴ磬֪ǵֵܵĿ飬ֻҪˣܺ͵һ
õֵʲôѣʲô֮˶Ҫ̫ˣҪʼǵ־ֻҪ֧ʲô¡
ƣôͶˣʲôҪҪǺξ壿
˶һۣһ֪֪Ĭ
ʵһ䣺ǵҪʵҪ̫ʵǿ̫Ҫ
ڤӸʲôͶħΪԼѣ⻹̫֮ǰõ˵Ĳ֡
ħԭ
кôˣܵõ̫ϲܲ档

һߣ
صʦ
үôˣ
εͯͯŮҲǴǰĵͯ͵Ů
ˣȥӪɣסҵĽǵ·Զòǲܲ
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ͯкͯŮ׼ʥڵĸ뿪ˡ
ɵӣʲôˣ
ǵصˣʲôԼǡ֪
϶ħƽǵĿġ
ô𣬾ȷ顣
⣬ǰ˵˴˿̣ѵɵ
ǲ֪˼
֪ģɼ˵ôѡҪ
˵ܸӣʵܼ򵥡
ġΡվӪ˷ƻ
ڤӲһҪߴʵҲվħжԡ
Ϊ˹¼ҹˣԼܻøôħ
ħʵֵּͽȻʵֵּͬʱҺ·
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һħ׬ôһ·ò˵úҲܺĹ
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޽ģʥ˵ûκΰ취ԭ
ĲһҶǶ෽ǣƶ෽⣬ߵƽ⣬ûоԵľ·ġ

䡪
ȣ
һУ
Ӫ꾪ȵĺһͷս
ԽսԽǾȣĹͷǱˣףڡ
ףΪγ˹ͷ
Ϊףһʥ
ûԪ
ǣˡ
̫޼ܸԪĹˡ
ۺһ·֣Ԫ񻹲ûԪʥϾܱܿ졣
õİ취ǣǷµ۳Ԫ񣬳̹Ԫ
Ԫʱ䣬ɷʥ
̫һϼƣѡ˲ȥ׷Ԫ֤ɡ
ߵ·
֤ڸĻԪ·նʬ˺ܶࡣ
ˣǿףڡڤȣڶʣǿۡȻû֤ԭ
˵㣬ףڷԲҪ֤ˡ
е㲻ͬ
֤󣬻ᵮԪ񣬳ɾʥ˵һɲᵮԪԪںСԪʿﵽһ¡
˱Ԫ֤죬֤ĸѡ
뵽˰취ŵһɷ𣬲һɾԪ񣬲ķ
Ȱ˵£ףڡڤ˵ĳ£ַŵһɷķȻ֤ɾԪܴ
ԣǣڸŵķ
ʲôҪҪǵģû˵񣬺Ϳ˭ۡ
Ȼ̹źᣬȻܽͬʱͨˡ
ѧϰķûκηС
꣬Բˣչһ֤죬ˣͷ𻯵˷󣬻ص˺ɽ壬չһ֤졣
Ļع飬ףķһ
ԲˣҪܺףսƽ֣ףҲˡ
һս
꣬ôף˷ܵʵ
ǰĶ֣ηֲˡ
ͺˣҲǿˡ
ꡰϿҡĵ

֮ǰ͹ͬķ˽࣬졣
ףں˭Ҳܱȹˮ
ҵ˰취취ǺͷһЩɮһŪɹͷ
ףһЦҾ˵ͺ¿Ĺͷá㿴ҲͷˣȻȹ졣
һĵ˵ĺܶԣͺˣҸǿˡ
꣺


1012 ħ˫
ڻˡЦ
ʢʽӴꡣ
֪ȥ𻯵
Ҳ𻯵£ˣõ˲ٵĺô
Ϊ̫ԵʣĿس
˵˴Ļعˣعʲô֪ܲ
ˣҲҪչظȡͻƴ˿̵ľ硣˵
˵꣬ױʾ⡣
Ϊ֤ģ֪
Ҳǲ⡣
磬ʥ˲ܽ롣ͻˣѵҪȥ磿
ѻ񣿡ʣ
֪ѣ˼ǣͻ˻Ԫ޽ɺ𻯵һأұҪȥһСأܿأҿδܾȻڡʵ
˵꣬еСʧ
Եģ£ҲϲȻ꣬񽻸Ҳǲѡ
Ψúܸӣʥ˳ѹ֡
ô˵ҪǻۣҲҪʵңȺһǽԪ޽ɸѡ
Ʋɼá
Ѳصǣҹףڵѣѡڤǿȼλѣ˹ؼʱ̣뿪֤Զˡ赣ǣеڣͲСӣοҲһ壬ڣûʲô𡣡
֪֪ԴʥպΪ֤ĻѾ񡭡ǵ뷨ĻһֻһΣԷЩʵҶ⣬ǵĴֹۺǻۣе߳ıߣǺܰġ
ˣʵҿҲңҾͲǳ뿪ȫԴҡ
ţҲǡ
˽̸˺ܶ࣬ԼжϣһЩ顣
˺չˡ
Ϊһչˡ
ձչûá
壬˺ܾúܾõʥ룬ڿ֤ˡ
ÿһ֤ģ˵ļȸС
Ѿ˰ʥգһ֤ľǱʾһᡣ
ĵģЩΪﵽ׼ʥԲģΪĻᡣ
׼ʥڣµģû⡣
Ϊ֪Լûٻᡣ
صĸ̫ˣҸ˻ʼˣˡ
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ܾõ̫ɽˣҵ̫˵㿪֤
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뿪⴦Թ۵ĵ


1013 ꡣ
ζôԣɣʢ磡
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ħİ꣬ɽѣһǷڤѡ
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κΣǲ׼¶Ժδ
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ΪΣ
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1014 ˴
ˣʮδսѾ°ּ⣬ζʧء
ħܲ
ʮδģħսˡ
Ϊ۱Դħ޿νȥˡ
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׼ʥԲֱӿԽʥ˲Σɾͷ޼ɣҪġ
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ֻҪĴսȥ۵ıԴ㹻ˣɾ޼ɵʱ̡
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1015 ӱ
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1016 ڤɣʬ
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￴óгɹͶĳɾͣǰ޾ĥʳġ
Ѹٻָϲ޾ҳȵ״̬


1017 Ƽ
ʥ˵Ϊ󣬵ûж˵ʲô
ͬؾѹĬ˫˭˭ûҪΪСħͷ֡
ĿΪԯ
ڴսˣħĴսĶսһǰʿ
ԣĴսһʱܽģ׼ʥԲս֤ɱ֤ˣ˴δսԲؾսԵпܡ

һߣ
ȴ˵磬սԯƵۺħڰħħսʱ̡
ڷǿգӺǰشսˡ
޾ĳӣַ࣬мӲĹ࣬ͷŹڱ࣬Ҳָӵǻ࡭
ϣ壬Ұǿ츳ǽܴӸΣͱ仯Уǿࡣ
ηҿǰŽһ塣
Ǹɵ
ǰ˵ģǵǶиֻ֡
СУռݾųɶİʣνǺʹǰ̫˵
鶼Ĳֺ綷ħԪԭȵȸֶΡ
;ͬģ𲽺רеĲһѡ
ò˵ииǿ֮
ںܾǰ飬ںϽǿյʱЩ飬ʼһص⡣
ǹĲһ
ͺñеǿߣڸԵУԵĹչֵǿȲһ
磬еǿڸԵУһܹСϵ
ںϽ󣬾ͱˡϾǺķĹ
СУиĹһȭ޵С
ΪһȭĹԿȥǿ
ǣںϽ󣬷ӵĺ嫸ӵĸĹ
һȭ޵вˡ
һҪǰǲܡ
ȫƿطĹ
ȫƿطģǷ޼ʥ˲е͡
ΪΨһߺģдǧ硢ǧ硢Сǧ磬Լʱա
ÿеĹͬǿķֱ
ǿܺ⣬˵λĲͬԸԹͬ
СλУ޵еĴڣߵλ棬˵Ҫͷʵᱻҵѹ
СУһչʾʮǵ˸һε磬ܾͱʮ֮һ߲ǰٷ֮һٸߵǧ֮һߺֲεģ֮һ
ǹѹ
һ㣬ֻںĵ飬ſԴӿʼƽߵķ
СУ̶ֻͬǿĹ
ڻڹںĵ飬ǽСΪûгС־ߣᱻѹƣ
ҪǳС־ΪɻһСĴڣ̫üȴڡ
ǷСĺСǾһάάĴڣڶά޵Уǽά֣ԭά˶Լô޵С
λ桢Ĳͬͷȵȣǰ޾磬Լ벻ͬĽ͡
￴óΪΨһߡ
Ϊʲô磬ʲôĺȻΪʲôУʲôߵԲ
С磬һˣܱѹƣκС綼ʩչԼ޵ķ
Ͳˣǿߣ棬ᷢ棬ûԼ޵Ĺ
ôΪһ޴塣
ʱţĴǿû
Ϊ޷ָ
漫⣬Щңһ˲䱬ը
˲䱻ͬ
˲һһûǻ۵ǡʯ
߸ֱ淴׶ڶȣ쳣ġ
ԿóΪ޾յ㣿
Ϊk嫣Ϊݡ
˴󣬲ʲô棬ʲôλʲô磬ʲôĶС
ңΪյ㣬Ϊﻹ޼߲ΣֻҪ޵δ
Ǵǰ棬мޣ˼Ҳûˡ
ΪˣǿƲסˣƲסˣл棿

˴˿̵ľ棬ӪĴսʵǿǺˡ
˵̫ʶһ£Ϊ޾ۺϴ̨
ʲôĶС
ңһԹۺͼ¼
̫˼Һܴ漶Ǳһ򶼴һ߹Ħ֡
ǿƼ
ֿƼϲоо׳Լսߡ
̫ʶ̽ȥһϵϤ
֣˱֣Ӳȣǻۣڶ±֡
֣˱ִţʮţɷǿߣС
֣ǿߡ
εյģϢۣһ̨޴սռ;£鱨
֣̽ű٣ͷ̽ǣ
֣Ԫй򡭡
ھ޴սڣĺܶ飬ľӶ࣬æµ˼ռ鱨ͷ
ȥһƼĴѧңڷӡ֤˼
̫ˣоʮֵȤһĿƼ
էһǿȺһսе㼤
ôս˵ģܿٷУҪ޴
̫ʶɨ
߶ȻǺϳɵ塣
壬̺֮һıԴе㲻˼顣
ССǿսĿƼȻо˺бԴ߶
ֲڷǿհ˴Уռһϯ֮ء
ⱾԴǷ編µıԴɲеʡԱȵġ
ǳУߵļޡ
̫ͶӰͽָǱԴġ
Ҳ˵սĶܴһıԴ߶ġ
ǿĿƼȷܳԽƽ棬Ǵһ
ǲܣǻ첻硣
˵ǣ̫ҡޡ׼ʥȣܴ춴졢ؾн硣
ֻʥ˲ܿٵأġ
Ƽո¶âúԶ
ʲôʱоܿҲʥ˲εսʱǲɽʱ̡
˿ķǿվͲˡ
ֿ̫˿άȺʱ֪İ桢ʡѾ̭ˡ
ֻߣڷǿǲܡ
ֻʱάȣǿڷǿ㡣
ʵݷǿռͨ
һЩȣҲʱֶΣʱպܶ࣬ǿѡ
λʱãͲڸλá
ñ̫оʱմͣǿǺɽʱմͣͨ硢ͨ޾λĴͣʱմɡ
һС棬ֱԽȥɽ磿
ֻʥ˲ƿݣ̫ʱմܽһ˴
ֱ̫СУŪһԽȥδĴʱմɡ
ݷͿƼʱоֻʱնѡ
ֻǿռ䣬ʱ仹㲻ϡ
ջʶ̫ǶƼϸ⡣
뵽Լ
ǲǿһս鱦
룬̫ԡ
һӣֻԴʼۣʱ̫еһǿ־١
̫û⣬Ƿ־
Ϊ̫ղŵľٶǿȡ籾ԴԷ־Ҫͷǿ
ǣһᷲ־ɢˣΪ˰
ǿյ飬ûио־١
ֻһ޴սڣΪص̫е㵹ù
֣δ֪֣¡
̽⵽ǿδ֪սܼܳޣսˡ
ֻһս˷ɻңûȫը
ǣ
ҲѿƼɵˡ
ըˣʲô£
ʹ
սƼ޾ѪŽʮңǳΪǿհ˴ıǮ
һҲ֪ʲôըˡ
⣿
˵ݵħϢ˵ⷲǿֻнɲ
ôսܳܽɹսôûˣ
Ƽ˴սģսһΪԱ壬ռϢġ
˵Ƽķ֮һʵôûˣ
ĿѧңǱĲƸҪ֪սϣǿѧнǧģʧ̫ˡ
ȿȣףô£̫εʵ
ղŽٵķ־̫ǿȻսˡ
һǴСսûˡ
̫ˣƼ㲻ã̽ԣ顣
еҪ̽ǿ־δ֪᱾ܵĶϿ߾֡
ԲһҲܶϿҪתӦԻûӦͱδ֪ѹˡ
Ȼ̽ʵûдϾǿǽɣ̽Ҳֿܵ
ǲ뵽־٣Ҫ֪͹е̽ʵʵĴˡ
Ҳзӳûعͱǿδ֪ѹˡ
ǸĴȿȣ
̫̬ȺܡϿҡ
ȻˣǾ͡
ֻ̫һ֣һʥĹγ֣ʼҺ͡
ʣսڵ飬ȻĿǰһĻ
սڣը˹ľ
δ֪ǿ޷ֿ޷֪̽

˭
սڵ룺㶼˵޷ֿˣô졣
ң޷ֿ޷֪̽ǵˣ㾯ʲôá
οû˵δ֪ẦԼ
Ϊô϶
ΪԻвġ
ը˹ľսڵ鱻ʥǵһ̣ǷĸװůʲôֻůʥС
ǲǲᾯ鲻Խ
ţֻһ㿪ʼ֣Ǿȵķ֣ǰսڣսըʿѧҵˣʼӹ߳
ʱݣ
Ψһ뵽ġ
Ǻİ
˭ӲĵĹ򸴻飿
˵˺ͺһ
⣿
޷ݡ
Լʱ㸴ȥ飬ΪǺ־⣬
˵ͺˡ
ˡ
鲻Խʥɢȥ˺ܾãǲŻع
ղսȥͬ鶼ˣãĿԼԼ͡
һ󾪻ŵΣ˵Ҳ֪Ǿͱˡ
⣿ս
˼顣սϯѧҡ
ܡ˵Ŀѧҡ
Ǿʲôսʿ



1018 һཻĵ
̫ӹɣ˲ݿƼսģͣͨԴһս
⣬ֻ̫ʵһ£ȫȫһ鱦ε鱦
Ժܿ죬̫˼
Ϊ򣬷͹ҲǷ֮޶빥һָţһ鱦࣬Ʒ鱦ĲΣ
⣬ʱշ򣬴սɴ棬ֻҪûгԽ̵ķ֮Ͳʺ϶ѹƣ߱ơ
̫ĵ˵ͷ
ɴС޺ܴҪǿ̶ȣ˸󷨣ֻҪﵽ˲ξͿʹãĴС
ģ⣬ֺ̫⡣
ƼνƼķ֮
Ƽûǿʵֶͨ
ҪҪǿʵƿء
ƼҪǿʵҲô෱ĸ
ؼûиǿʵԲĸֶΡ
һֻͨͨҪ˵֮ʵ⡣
Ƽĸ߶˹ҲǸûǿʵͨƼ
̫ţһʥ˻ҪͨʩչʥֶΣⲻǶһ
ʱսȥɡ
̫һ֣ʱսˡ
Ϊûðʵѡ
ˣ޾У෽һ
иߵսʱս
޽⡢ɵ޷ӣڸУݱһµе
޾º󣬻е㷲ǿգΪһ

ƼӪС
Ľǧ飬ھŸ̽顣
ǣǸûνĸı䣬ͺñȴǰĲǣҲǡ
󣬿Ƽһ޽⣬Ϊܡ
˼ǣ޷ʱջ¼ǧ󲢸ơ
⻹ʧһսƼ»ʮ֮һҪϢٲ䡣
ħĴսˡ
ǳӺӪĻ˺Ĵ£Ӫʼۼ
ϴͬʱҲħսûʱעʱ̣ǿ
˺սʼӣʼļС
ΨƼܵ͵
ħĴ󴬡
Ӻ;ҲħĴ󴬡
ħջ£һǣĴսǿӵ½
½УʮħսĿħ޺ũоҪһҪˡ

ɽ硣
ԯħڰĴսȻټ
һսǽ꣬׼ʥֵĶԾֶԲΪԲĴսһʱܽġ
ονֽţڰսԯ䡣
ڰĴҹսƲɵս죬˵Ĵսļңһһǰͷ
ԯͲ˵㣬ؼħֶ̫ˡ
ͬԤĹÿÿԯִڿϵĸо
䣡
ԯûħͷƣҺ۵޾Щ䣬֮赲⡣
ǣָĸоܲܡ
Ĳ˸գ˸û͵ޣ͵ޣʲô˸նǸơ
ԯ˵ƾС
ͬʱԯƺˣɱ֤ԼѾˡ
ܸǿķ棬Լߵʱľͷ
ҪԲԣԼҪƿصƽ⡣
ֻ͸תĸͺԣԼһ̡
ԯһҲǵһôܣ̫ˣԼȫû취
Լķ򣬾ԯɱ֤һǰǰԼ˵㡣
ҵĿˣӵˡ
ǣͺڰҲľ
ս죬Ǽ˵ĵ
ԯҪƽܽ
ͺڰҪǣ޵ס
·һƽĸһ˵׵ĸ
˭˭Ϊǻѡĵز
ҲܴﵽʥԲƽҲܴﵽʥԲ
ˣ˵ĴսΣգܡ
໥İʥ˺ʼˡ

ֹֹǵĵĻ覴ã覴Ҫˡʥ˵
ߣֹֹͬھֹ˿ܻǵ覴ãɲֹĴۣͬھǿ
Ϊγ飿
ΪԤ⡣
Ϊսԯͻƣû뵽սսģͺڰһҲǰˡ
뷨ǣսԯսһԲԼֹ˾͵֤ˡ
û뵽ͺڰҲһ
ԤʾţȻ˵ģ˵ıȻĳ覴ã覴ãһ·ǻˡ
ҪֲԲͷɡ
ĵزȻǵԤƣǺá
ħʥ˸ħһ㣬˼ǲȥܣƴһʵУӮ֤졣
ûôݣ˼ǳֹȷ˵Ķ̶ֲͬȵ覴ãǺùĲ
ﾺ棬Ϊʲôн
ħûζȴ˵αսԯǼ򵥵һˣһˣҪ⣬֪Ĳ𣿡
ߣѵǵ£ħͲ£ڰҲǵĵϵ
ߣ治˵Щûõģǽ˺ɡյһ֡
Ѷԭģɲħһ顣
̫ˣԼûȨսԯǰ;
ԼҪõķ滹ãҪǻľ֣ĳްɡ
ĽˣΪܾͺڰˡ
㡭
һżĴսӵħ˫ˡ
Ҫɹˣʥˣп֤ʥˡ
ҪħɹˣħϵʥˣǸڤַɡ
ģħ˫ĸʥ˵֪Ϣ󣬿ʼۼ
ʮ꣬ħʥȫˡ
Ƿ˺
ôơ
ѣսҪܶҲҪǳѹڰΣ˺˵
⻰˵꣬Ӫһȡ
ȥ͵ķˣȻݣ
ΪԼܲ⣬ħʥڲڣ㲻ƺնɱڰ䡣
ɣ侲
ɣˡħսǴǰսûãҪս˵Щɢޣǵ¶
ǵģǻûһλָÿħսӪ׳Ҫء
С
ֹģ壬Լȡ
ǿɲΪսԯħս
ߣҪ⣬岻ںôࡣ
ͬ˵ѵ뷨սҪ⣬Ҳںħô롣һᶨ
˱Ŀ⿴ˡ
룺ھսĲǵˣǲں
ңЩ쵰ǲǲ뿴һʥʥս
λ侲֪սԯǵҪǿ취³ç
ͷˣʱܲվվ˭Ĭͷˡ
˵һ̣ԼǸͷˡ
˵ô죿ʵ
ֵܵĸ飬ũԯĸ̫ˣҪԯ⣬˲Ųܲ졣
⣿
ǰô죿
նɱħ˲У˴սͷҲ뿴ô죿
ܣ˵˵ôĴսһʱ벻ֻػأܲҵİ취
磬ģҵĵħһһһΣʱ̣ԯսóˡ˺˳նɱħ׼ʥڰˣΪսݣսɣսս⣬ԯҲ
ͺ˻Ȼ
ԭôɺϵء
˵壬ˣ޽
һԼҲû뵽
˿ĿⶼѺˡ
ñ뵽˻Ĺʱǰǵ
Ȼ䣬˵˾ĪĻ
ʲô
˺ɻ
ĹʱڣȻأɺȻڴƿ£֪λǲǵãǰֻصĴսħĴս͵ߵĴս
˵꣬˺Ȼˡ
ѵĿ飡
ûѵĿ飬ʱҪԲҪĶֻ֣йһزܽ
ǣ˿ΪΡҪʣȻȻֹ
Ǻһνݱ𣿡˵û˵Ļ
ԤƾˣĴսҪ֤ҪȹĥѵĿ顭ȻǺȷ˵û̫ɺɺϵ˵İšҡҡͷ
ҿ϶ǲǻĹʱ飬̫ˡ
ôʱʤǰôģæʵ
ʲôսĥѣֻ֪ô
桢üǰǰȣڵ𡭡ǰܽġЦˡ
ô˻λ޽Ĵء
Ҫǳ棬Ǿˡ
𣡡
ͷһϲû뵽ҵ취ˡ
ȿȣλ侲һơ
ʱλǰΪͬˣȥҵʲôɣѵ˽뿴ԼӪĳ⣿Ǿõƻ˵ĥ𣿿һһģǳˣսԯˣҲΪ˸۵ġ

һΡ
˵öԣѵɶҵæ
ԵԼ̫ˣҵɲԼ־ͳֵġ
ĥѣԼĿ飬ʲô˰æ㻹ʲôȥɡ
ǣǣ
˾ͲЩˣΪԯʲôԸⳢԣǷˡ
ֻ˸û˵ģԼ˾ǣܾ⣬Լĳ

ֻˣ˴ǰ̫һֻҪ飬̫ܸܵ
Ǻܾúܾ֮ǰ̫ǳǳº̫ġ
ⲻһĻᡣ
ûκεԥˡ
ʲôۣҽˡܾ⡣
岻µģһ𳥻
Ҳϵĺܣʲôû۶ѡ
ΪΪһеĺӣԼкβҳܵġ
⣿ʥˡ
ΪˣǸоԼĶ֣ԼҪǴĻԼҲԥô
˵˽ΪԼ˲ں
Ȼһȷмֵиĵѡ
ۿ˿̫һ
˿
￴˿ʼˡ
忴˿ˡΣ
˿ԼĶûˣܣ



1019 ǣ
ϻɽ̫˷ҪԼ
̫ãΣʱ̣Լ־һ
ԣسŵ̫سŵˡ
̫ٵһɲħʥ˶ˣϾ̫ûϢ
ʥ֮»̫ܲǶʥĸ˵̫һɢž޴ѹľˡ
μ𣡡
ݡ
ѵôۣ̫ΪִսˣԷԼ
һǡ
ֿѾҴսˣ̫ˡ
˾ͺ˵ˡ
˵ʵ̫ԷԼе㲻ˣԭΪԯٻԼǱ
̫ɫ任˺о̫
Ȼܲ⣬Լ˵ˡ
ֽԼĿ飬Լȷеˣû취Ϊ˶
ٻΪĸ̫ʵ
⣿˷˺ʥ˺ƣԼ˼ǿ˼Լ˶Թˡ
վ˵ûԼ¡᳹׵ĵ˺һŽᣬҵС˵о
Ǻܱ

ܣһдܡ
սԸܴۡ
ֻ˺ûԥվ˳
²̫룿˺û˭ûཻĵѺֵܡ
ȥǺ˽ԼҪԼܸ˽
ô˵ñսԯ
ˡ
̫Цˣ򵥣նɱСħͷǣ׵ģԼܽҸѹ󡣡
̫оɵˡ
ħģƺоԼˡ
˼ǣħûǾͼˣɱ˺ڰǣ̫ˡ
Ҫô򵥣Ͳʥˡ
ħһԼ˺ƭˡ
кܴġ
ҲȺڰСһħеڤվ˳
ڤӵ뷨һ𡭡ϡ
ħʮħʹ
ʮһ㶣ĵˣˡ
Լˣû̫ģԼ˵˼ģԼС
ôݱ
ȿȣҲСħܴۡӺʹ㣬˵
˵ԹĿļһŤĿڤӺǱЩ쵰ˡ
̫аЦˣˡ
ֻ̫˰һ̾ʼػĿʼͲΪڱػ׳ģȻȷˡ
װƵһ仰
ȥ̫ʧе㱯˵ĸо
ϸ˵ĿǱػġҪߣȴġҲ˵ĵĺ嫣Ǳһ˵ŬҲΪдµĿɸ¡
㣬˺ܽһɵĸо
˵ĲǵػģҵԺ
ҲܷϣԼ˲ǺĵǣĵĿɸԼġ
˺Ĳԣ˸̾Ҳ꣬ΪԼһƴġ
ǵʲô˼ôе佱Լ˵˼
ΪĿûб𣬵ǲûǡǵĴڣĲŴڣûˣĽʧɫܶܶ࣬ǿǣǵȷˡ
һһ䡰ߵĿޡʥû˸ˣе亹ˡ
Ϊ˵ת۰
ת۶ǽѵԼˡ
һڣվڴһȻԼˡ
Ȼ֣̿
ʥ˿ʼˣ֪Ҫʲô
̫ˣҡҡͷ
´ˣ̫ûֵǡ
ʵ̫ղ˵ģĵġ
ǲš
ȥԺĺҪ̫֪ûԼܲôʺͺ嫣һпɸʷ
Լһʷļ֤ߣҲһĽߣߣػߡ
ԶˣԼһΪûźźҲһ̫治뿴
εȷܲˣٻԼȻΪĸѶΣյģ
ʹһ˺ԯսĸ飬̫ݲ
ԣ׿ǰֵĽѵǣ̫øһǡ
˴ûǣǲػ̫̿֡Խŵʥ˵
˼ǣĪҪѱ𵱳ʲôܽߣЩԼʼձб𶵵׵̬ǺĽúܲʡǺĵǣʵĺģǲ뿴ġ
еˡ
Ȼ̫˵еΥˡ
ʥΪȷˣʥˣҪ̫ɡɵˣκν˵Ķ̫
̫ΥΪԼǰΪǣҲԼǰľٶ뷨˵Լռñ
˭ԼǿǿûдҲᱻָΥľΥİɣҪһë
̫иоԼ֤Զˡ
֤Ϊ˼еĵıÿССĽҲ֤
̫Ҫ֤ˡ
εΪ̫ͨ˺ܶ࣬˵Ĳ̫ǿˡ
ô˵أΪһС
Ҳ˵ĲΣ̫޴ڣĵյԼԼǵ
ںϷгɵӴ֮߳Ϊˡ
֮飬Ǵ֮п֮ˣԼҪΪڰϿ˻ĳߡ
νΣ̫޵ˡ
ʱԽķ򣬳ԽĹġ
ʥԳ棬Ǿ޺ܴ󣬶ֻе֮βԳ档
̫ѺĳӺ󡭡
δסδȥˣҲδ֧䲻ˡ
ǹȥԣֻ̫ҪﵽΣʱ޼̫תʱ䳤ӻصȥ
ܺķѱԴӹȥ顣
ô˵أʥ֮ΪĴڣˣ̫ܸǸ
ԼıԴǲ䣬е㷴ɣ̫ܵ
ʾʲôźˡ
źʱոǣ̫ĺܶѣ̫Ǹ
ǱԴģǣࡰ
һУҪ̫޵ĲֻǼʱ̫ܸģֻʱ䷨飬ǸĴǸֲ
̫һģһУʲô飬̫ܸ۴Сѡ
˿̵ľ棬̫ܲˣԯսΣԼܸ
һθߣľͲһ۽Ҳһ
ǰܾսԯˣźоá
ڣ뵽δ֮ΣûˣԼʱգǡ
ǰʱջݣ˿Ƽսϵ顣
һʵ飬̫оС
ҪΪ飬ӡ淴־Ǻĵ־ܸ
Ϊ̫ˣżûУͷ˲ࡣ
ҪǸΪģ˿̫˵ԴӡǺĽɡ
ֻе֮Σ̫ܸʥ֮µ飬ֻҪڹԼܻʱճӣǴʱ̳
̫Ϊδ㡣
ϣЩһδŬԼΣ뵽Լ
סǲǺĵǺߣֻǸͣκҪúÿǡ
̫ѵ
Ƚּ⡣
ʥƵĻش
˷˺ĶǱģơ
ˣȻ𣬱һĸСһĸСһ׬ˣԲ֤ԶˣҪĸʥˡ
̫ˡ㲦ǡ
ʥ͵һƺղ˼ⷽˣ
ܲԲԲЧĸСһﶼᰲȫĶȹԲԤʾĸʥ˳ˡ
ֲõôˣá顱ѵԼˡ
ԭԼˣĸʥ˵Ĵ۰
ۣ̫ˣ
˻˵һ
ಡ
ֻ̫һָһѾҴսˡ
˾УǷ֣˷ֿˣսûн
˷һͿ֡
е˼⡣
컯ԪʥΣ˵׼ʥԲĵĿ顣
ôһ֤˶ӴսеԲʧܡ
ΪǵĶǡ˵ûġ
ʧܲˡ
Щ̫ûͷˣԼħ˵Ҫʲôۣƺˡ
֪û˵ܣ˵˻׼˵˭֪Ҫʲôܡ
ȻҲĲҪǵĴۣԼе
е㲻ţˡ
ⲻ
ϵ
Ȼ
ʱ벻ôֶ̫࣬¡
Ҫսֳܷʤˣʼͻˡ
ɺڰսͻˣѣǶڣףڰû𣬺ͿԴ򣿡
ȻսԲˡ
ԼʲôԼǸɵ˺ڰԼԲ
ôڰûһͿ֣
⣬ôôʥ˶ڿԼһƵӣ
ĺӣˣӮˣҲǿġԲ֤ˣû£ңңڰμλʥˡ
ȻӷħĺڰֻһԲˣսǰһԡ


1020 ʦǿ
̫ƽʱ̣һĪĵתȥ翣񲻴һ
Ԫ޼ɾŲ㾳磬Ҫ
̫ƽ˵
ĸ̫ľڴﵽ˻Ԫ޼ɾŲĵز
Ҳ˵Ԫ޼Բˡ
һҪģǰΪҲΪȫԪ޼ɾŲʱ̣̫ȫҪһεʱ̡
γƺܶ࣬ʱûνΣνΣ̫۵ĳƺ
̫۵ĳƺӰģ鼸ȫΪԪ޼֮ϵĲΡ
ʱĻħһγƺΪΣԳȫ̻
߶ҫơ
̫֮еˣﵽԪ޼ɾŲһɲһ翵ĸо˲һ
ںϷԲһֶе״̬
ΣȫǿĵĺҶԵԼ˼룬֧š
ûЩ̫᲻ڣᱻںϣΪһ֣νɱ˲մѪ߼
ֲҲ˳ƺΪ
̫뵽ĳƺ
Ԫ޼ɾŲԲҲĳƺԤʾ飬翵˼
⻹ΣյģΣյǷ֤һӷ۳ңΣյһ
ʱﵽεĻħֻʮˣʮȫ֤
ʮ̹ţ̹Ψһһ֤ģ̹ŵǿԹ޻ĳҲԵʡ
̹ıӻ£Բ֤ġ
￴ó̫ǰ̫ںϣԼ̫׻鱦ǶôҪ
̫Ҫ֤ҲҪչ̫ıӻУֻֿ֤ܵĵջʧıͬǴӷ۵֤
һز̫û˿ĿԽˣеֻԼ̫ĸ
֤Ͼ֤ѵĶࡣ
ǣҶࡣ
ЩǣõķǣҶʧ
ǲõķ棬Ϊж㯡
̫֪Լ֤ʱᾭʲôоɣеѡ
Ԫ޼ɣһҲɵһ
֮Ƿĸƿءںϡ
ǣԵĸƿءںϡ
ʱڣǻԪɣ׼ʥƿطǻԪ޽ɣʥˣںϷǻԪ޼ɣ޼ʥˣ
֮εĵһһˣǶԵĸΡ
˵Գѷɵ
ξʥ˵ƿطһǴƿصһ֡ʥˡĳƺ
ںϵ̫ݵĳѴĲΡ
һѾ϶ˡ
ǰ̫ħ۹ΪδҪεĴڡ
̫ʱأûħ˵ʵ̫в²⣬ҪģǴε飬ǳѴεĴڡ
ֻ뷨ڲ˼飬̫ûκ˵
ﵽ˻Ԫ޼ɾŲ㣬Ϊһн˿̵̫Ϊ޼ɰ˲㡣
һ㣬κûνΪˡ
֮ΣһеıԴͽͲоΪĻ֣һȫһ㡣
˵һƿһеһС
ݻʱļ䣬֮η֣ڡڡڡ
һÿһ磬ͬŲ㣬һһ죬ŲǴ
˿̵̫Ԫ޼ɾŲһ̣̫ʵѾˡ
˿֮ԲڣΪȫںϽ˷УҲ˵˿̵̫Ƿ֮۵
֮ûʧΪĵ𻨣ҲǴ֮еġҡڡ
̫ûл޵ԭ
̫Ϊ;ƽ󣬾ҪΣյһ
һǳ׵ʧ
ʧԭǴ֮ӵġҡҲʧںϽ֮ӣΪ֮ӵһ֡
ϵĻԪ޾Բ
ֻдӴ֮ɱĵңǲΡ
ڴ֮Уʧںϴ֮ӣٴ۳̫һУ֮߳ϰǵ֮Ρ
ΣԴҪ֤ҪԼ׵ںϺʧ
ӳʧǵ
ǹ壬ۡ
˵ǰ塣
һеֻǰķֻֻи˵УԴͷ
̫ɵǴΪԴͷ
һ㣬̫֤ˣ
ʵӦýеΪλ˵ǵ
ô˵ɾһУԴ̫
̫Դͷ
ʱ̫ŭնаеķ佫ûܶⷨΰ
һŭ̫̫רķ;Դ͡͵䳾Ϊˡ
ǴһΪľ硢һУԴ̫
һаԴȪ̫˵ˮӦȼգˮͻȼգ̫˵ܽˮǻͻϨȼյˮ̫˵
֮¶İ壬Ҳǵ߸תһеİ塣

һ̣翵̫Լ̫硣
һĸоȻƺܻ䣬Ҳϧ̬
һЩˣϾ᳹ʧܳʱ䣬±а˳ɵİջᷨɵҪԷ⡣
̫
ҪģǰΪȥ֮ӣȻ󳹵׵ĺʹ֮ںϣҲǳ׵ĺͷںϡ
˺ǵȴɱ䡣
һʱ䡣
̫֪Լڣᷢʲô
ǰĽѵóԼһĳʱ䲻ڣԻϲ⡣
Һ֮ǰһǰٿʥ˵˽ΣǺܳʱûϢСϺ󣬾
֧£ĵĿǰԼǿúĵĿ鼸пޡ
ڲһԼҪʧһʱ䣬СĻᡣ
һԼ˵֮ΣСûлˡ
СߵںϣҲͻԪ޼Բʶǵո
ԼԴӴﵽԪ޼ں󣬿ܴʶҲ֪СҲã˴ǰʧܺ󣬾ͣˡ
βһһԼɹˣȴ޾Сֻбոˡ
Լֻ޼ΣԶںСʶռϷ硣
һԼɾ͵С罫Լĺ԰ȥľȥģǸǸ
Ҳ޼ԲķѣԼҪǳ˵ͷǰ˵ˣͰر
ֱӶһСķתУ޸ǵתдӻзͺԸںϡ
Ǹ׼ˡ
뵽ˣ̫Ҫ׼һЩ֡
̫ټԼĵˣȫټε¼ټ˹
̫˺ܶࡣ
˴ӣӣĴԼӣµȵȼȫˡ
һ˵ۣ˸оӦʲôҪʦôĵټˣ
µĸ͵ϵ۵һ̣Ƿʦʦʦ棩仯ܴ
˵ı仯ƺоƮˡ
˴αٻȣǱδһʱ佫ʧҪǰĽ
̫³ݻĿ⣬żɽ˵
ʦҪչ𣿡Ϊ̫֮£еλͷʯʵ
ǱչءαչغܲһҲգ˵Ҳ޷˴αչأһ˿ܳ䡣

ôܣ
ģ
⣬⡪
쾪
仰̫ˣһɵˣôܣ
ʦȻ˵ԼĿܣҪ
ģа˳ɵİճɹ̫
ǹŻǣǾŻǡ
ŻаԼ̫ˣһ̫ǲ⣬ϾԼ޵̫ˡ
ʦܺ͵˵˵Ů洽ʡ
̫ղŵļ仰еӻõ㣬ЩĲȣŮӶҪˡ
ǱҪͻƻԪ޼ɣɾ͵֮Σ޼ɵһںϷ򣬳׵ںϣԱʧֻгںϷ򣬴ӷɾ͵ŻԲûκεľ飬˿˷ĿܣҲ赣ǣǺ£ǱΪĺ£˴ٻǣֻΪԷ⡣
ʦܵȵȫİͻơңʼˡ
ɵӡȫİգ֮˸򡮵ˡ͡ˡοɵĵһֻһǰ̫Ц
ѵסˣԼͻߵĲΣǶû𾪣ڹԼİΣ
ʦأ
ʦ棬˼ҡ
ʦүͽ󡭡
桭
ˣ̫һȣŪһ˳ɰվͲûգСŮ̬֮һɰնҪһǰοа˳ɰգֻǸ˵һ¶ѡʧܣ
ߣ̫һߣʧǲʧܵģ⡭֮ĪҪ룬Ϊ֤ҲΪǣΪ˺ģΪ⾫ʵĺģôʧܣ
һͽͽ˿
ʦʦ桢ʦ˵öԣʧǲʧܵģʦʲôˣôʧܣ
ԼҪǲʦģʦûǣңֵ̿Ȱ衣
֮󡭡
ڵ£ΩԸʦʦ桢ʦү֤ɹΪʦ𹧺أ
£ʮʥˣһ׼ʥ޶ûв룬̫ͽ
һ׼ʥʥݾߵ̫Ըף²ã⵽ˡ
ˣɣ˵һ±չغĽ
ǣ
վ
ſʼ˼ʲôǵ֮Σ

Ƿ֮ϵĵ
ҲԴͷ塣
ʦҪˣ̫ǿˡ
ǰģʦΪ磬ֻ֪ʦǿǻԪ޼ɵľΪ
ȷеĴ𰸣ʦ˿ǻԪ޼Բ
ÿµĲΣİԼ͹ʦǿ
ǰΪʦҲͻԪ޼ڣġ塢Σ߸ղڻԪ߲㲻á
ԭʦѾԲˡ
ÿһΣԽԽѣǺ˭֪İ塣
ôʦƽأ
ƺĲ㡢߲ȹؿʦ谭
ܽǣʦǿ


1021 ̫⣬Ϻ
֮Σ붼ңԶǵʦʦ棩Ѿˡ
лعһ󼤶ͳݡ
չڼ䣬ϲĽѣʱûбڣһжҪԼԡȻȱܷģֻҪŽᣬû˿ԺŵĳȻ
ֵ̫ǵǺģڴڼ⣬ʱҪվ׹ŵڳеҲҪȥ
ȶʦС
ʯʣʦ𣬿ǵħ
̫һ̾ħ˵ѾĬ֪ôôǱǷģֻҪʥ˻ڣûһķգǵڵΣ
޾С磿Ԫӵ
̫˵ͷǰһΣ޾СĽϮĺ󣬱ʹڱԵʣСҲֲôǱʱ뿪ˣ¾Ͳ˵ˡ
˵꣬ǳĬˡ
ҪǺڲìܣûеǣžʮʥˣ˵ħ˫ʥ˸֣ǣȻẦ¡
СǾͲұ֤ˣ֪ǰС֣֮ԺûʧΪֿ̫סǿ޼ʥˡ
Ҫû̫ĵǾţҲ˵սʤ޼ʥˣرĲࡣ
ֵ̫Ҳ޷İŲֻǣЩѣҲ˵һ졢ȣڵʱ棬ǱˣҪˡ
ʥ˿
ͺãЩ޼ʥ˳ͺá
̫еźȻоԼкܴȱݡ
һԸ֣޼ɲεľԸ֡
֮ǰԼڣһпȥҲ㡣
Լ뿪Ǻǿȱһ޼֡
һ㣬ǰû⣬һ룬ȱһ֡
ʱˡ
޿κε֮ǼסĽУųеģȻеǣ뿪ǳеģȻҪǳе⣬ԪӡŮ洡ʯҪŬˣ޼βǺĶڣ˱ԺҪŬ
̫һԵӱʾ̫⡣
֮ǰ̫Ƿʲô⣬ǽãҲ޷
һΣһζΪǿĸӱʾҪŬ
ԪӺŮ洣ĿǰǿӣԪӺŮ洣̫ӿʼͼԺҲʵİš
˴˿̵ΪĿǰǿġ
侳綼ǻԪ޽ľ磬Ϊ㡣
ʩչʥԲ
ΪٵСںϺĵԵʣǺͺʥûвұȺʥ˸һ㡣
û˺ѵĵһˣΪѺŬ
ޱʦ̵ˣǴʦִʦ㣬ĩβΪһֱǵһڶ
ǶʦԼıûԹԼӦóеġ
ԪӺŮ洣
ʦǰѴǰõĶԼԼǵһڶʥˣһ壬һ̡
ֳ֮ǰ֧䡣
֪ͺã֪ҪúŬʥ׼ʥĶ࣬࣬ȱһǿƵ޼ʥˣҪŬ
ǣһѹҲоͷ󺹡
ˣʼʱ⣬ʦûôԼ
ʦĻֻѣǾñȿҪ
Ȼ𾪵ĻĴӡ
е𺳣ʦʦ棩̫ʦүѵˣѵÿľ档
ԼУǿʦʦ桢ʦ̫ʦүˣƶĲȰ
ϣʦʦ棩Ҫ̫ʦүܵתͷѵԼ
̫һˮƽԭ⣬ľѡޡ𡢻ҲҪŬ
ʦ𣨵ʦ棩⼸Ҳһ֣̿˿ƽˡ
ʦҲԼģá
룬ְ̫Լò鱦˳ЩԼòȴʱǿµ
ǣǰûкôԼڵڼ䣬ʹãкô
ֻ̫һ֣ʱɫ鱦ǿĳ֣еںûֹһĿɿڴ
ʱƹܣʹñø󣬲һЩռ鱦ǿʱʹãǵʵ
һ鱦ĳ֣Ҫ̫磬ҪǱ̫ѹܻ
Ԫӣ˱նɱⰵħõⰵ֣ʱʹðɣбԤϵ֣Ҳǿʵ˱ѱԲת̶ַȵʹá
ಡ
ֻǿĹⰵ֣ԪӣԪӶһѣȻԼδ
ˡǲĴǣ鲻Խ
ȻȻţûΡ
˵鼸翪˭û
˵黹ʹù컯Ԫʹù
ǣԿ㡰̶ȡĿټ
̫ʦ˵ʱԪʥʹãǾʱʹãҲĻԵ
лʦӶŬػģź־úܵ𺦡ԪӼĵ
ΪĿǰ˵ǿȻһ
ʯǴʦ֣Ϊչ˵㣬û취
̫Ӳʲô״С֣̫ڣǿ֡
ҲǺĵɡ
Ů洣
Ԫºֽ̫ǰŮʥˡ
ֻ̫һ֣һ¯һ֣¯ŵϴ

һ󾪺һղˣȻôۣ
컯Ǳ컯һƵ컯֮㻹кߣҪŬˡ
ಡ
컯Ů洡
Ů洺ܼʱʹҲ
컯̫ˡ
컯ͷ鱦컯⣬컯Ƶġ
컯Ԫ컯һԪ컯ֺܳ
̫֮ûйյõ컯ʱŵԣû컯ġ
Ů洣һ󼤶ָеѹ
ʦ˵ԼҪŬˣ˵֪ԼóҲϲ͵ǴʦϣԼŬܴǰǰףһ˼
ʦ𣬵ӶСƣŮһ֤
ʯ
ְ̫ʯǰ¿ʼڴˣʦҪóʲô
ô鱦أ˼ϤģĻ治ʶ
Ǵ۽ˣЩ鱦Ӷܵ͵ûչʾӦеѹҲƷ鱦ɣĴĵ뵽
Ψ̫ľ֪Ķ㣬ʦóľûƷ鱦ģԼʶüʱԲ̡¯ĴƷ졢סԪ½ȵȡ
Ȼ
һ죡
ಡ
¡
ֻ̫ƿһӣһյľˡ
컯Ԫ
ˡ
⣿
⣬⣿
ʶ̫ʦȻ컯Ԫȡˡ
̫ʦһֱûʹùһֱĥ
̫ˣк˿컯ԪǺܶ鳯ݵĶ
̫֣أԼƣ׳ԼĵλڴǰȵõĻӡ
ⲻ֪컯ԪȻʧĶˡ
ڵսԯƵۡڰͻƵħ˫ʥˣһʱȦˡ
˼Ҫ
컯Ԫ˵ָӣ벻˭ܲٿء
ˡ
컯ԪıСֱ̫
ֻ컯ԪԵĳ̫ݣӼ˸ס
ܾˣ̫ûٻʹˣ컯ԪԣʼԹˣ˵뵽ˡ

̫һЦ컯ԪԽԽˣԸرԴ
ʯ˱´ӣһֱܲ컯Ԫ𲻶˵ˣʱʹãػúģĵġ
ಡ
ʯĽӹǻˡ
Ȼ컯Ԫû뵽
ղŻеСƺʦλʦʦԼǴʦְԼ⣬ҲӰģܹе
û뵽컯Ԫ
ʦ𣡡ӣû˵֮࣬ƴ
º󣬿ǰ
ĴѾ𺳵˵ˣϿˣ
ԣŮʥ˵ĺߣǵ߼ԣʦү̫ʱأǾżţҲԣС
ȻǻûӦ
ֻƿļһɱĲС
ȻĽĽ
飬Ľʱʹãʥơ
ಡ
ѪɱĽ˴󲿷ѹȻСǳܲס
ʦ𣬵ӡһơ
ǿĸӣ̫
˵սվں޼ʥ֮µһˡ
ң̫Ȼ뵽ԼҪǽ׵֮ΣƺԼˣ
ôһеȻǵ֮Σκһжһˡ
֮񱻴¼Ʒ鱦¯
Ѻ޷ֱ𱻴¼Ʒ鱦ʱԲ̺ͼ
񱻴¹½
ȡ𡢻ľˣĴƷ챦졣
깫߱ΪֶΣ̫Ϊ鱦
һ衭
ʥ£һƷ鱦
Щ鱦ŵʥ˲Σʵ
Ǹϲӣʱʹö˵Ĳˡ
ο̫˵˾䣺ҪŬ󣬻״ȡ
仰ǵĶˡ
˵УǲҲŬ
ɵ۵Ĵһͽŭ⣺žǿžǸԣžԣ޵С
ϾһμʶôͼƷ鱦ܲ𺳡
˵£ʦү̫¹鱦
еĺĵӵ鱦ڼƷ鱦
ĵĽӣԼĴĵ꯵ȡ
ݡ졢ۺȪȣһ̫
֮ʥΪףԴӣ̫ųɵ׼ʥ֡
Щ겻ĸ֣׷׸ʥ˵ĵء
⽫£ǿ

ЩӸûãϺˡ
ԭսԯڰˣָ̫£ȫͻ˵ԲúֻҪ¹һ֤ܿ
ϴǰ컯ԪʧЩħʥˣܲ컯ԪΪʧ
̫硣
Ƕڣǰݷ̫
һ˫УһԲˣҪ֤
ǣȻ컯ԪΪΣ
ǣȻټΪΣѵԼˣ
ˣݷãɺϵǣҲˡ
ӪĸȻҲҪ֤ˣۺĴ£гЄߵȸ߲㣬Ҳˡ
ӿ˵ſ֤ļλϢģۼļħ֡
Ȼ̫Ҳܾȣû뵽ôɺϣ
ɺϵǪݺͻȪۺۣҲҪ֤ˡ
ħˣӪһˣˣǾŸҪ֤ġ
̫ǺܸˣоŸʥҪˡ
Լ뿪һʱ䣬Ҳ޷ˡ
⣬̫еǣħǵһݷԼ
֪޲Tôģ˵ʮħʹǿʼ޲Tƿˣ
ħ֣ںģ޲TһôɶûУõĻ̫
Ǵɽͷ̫ԴǣԴ׽Ҫħ˳۾У
̫Ҳɻ
ټǵģãȻˣһֻǷţһȺҲǷţɡ
һνȥ㶨޼ʥˣüĺǾԲˡ

ң⣡
ħ޵Ŀű˴ˣӪȴǿȥܰȥͷ
ħУ˸ĲԸȫûԼ׼ʥվʥУȥһСĽӶûС
ǣڰ䡢ԯ
ĪĴսһģ֣Լ˾ˣһ
ΪսʤǱ˴ˣ˫ʥ˽ͣԭǱˡ
ǼǸˣơ
룺쵰ˣԭǣԭǺͿڽ֣ǺΡ
εģ䡣
ӻ˵ֻʥ˿ԼġͿԴ򡱡
ڰҲǿ㣬뿴ԯġɵ
ԯҲܰοԼĵطϾʶġɵ
䣬ơ
ЦΪԼԯ±ƵԯڳЦĿ
֪ôˣһΡ
ԼԯԼ˿
ԼôǿȻɵ˿
ħ룺о仰֪˵˵

СһĶݷõ𣬺ߣԺڰ
ѾԲֻ֤ȻûκεĹǣս֤֮Ҫľԡ
ߣǱ§סޱεߡ
֪硱ʲô衣
ԼһӪôȲðɡ
Լһڰ䣬˵о仰֪˵˵
Ҫݷõʲô£һߣݵɵĻˣ治֪ĵڰŭ
ڰƣ֪вǲ
ȥ˾͹ȥˣôôִţ
Ƶ뵽Ǻ͵ϤħϤħһ²õӡôûˣ
ңӵ͵㣬µ𲻸ˣҪϺӺû꣬ɵһΡ
㲻ɡһǰ
ȿȣϢŭϢŭݷõġ
룺Ҳ迪ģôⶼռˣ
ֵܣǣֵҲôͷо仰֪
ȿȣϢŭﲻĵطҲ
֣ӪԼһʥˣӳͷ¡š
쵰ǿ׼˺ӵ첻µز£֧
ʱĲǡ
쵰ơ룺о仰֪
޷𰮻ǵģµġӣȻһǰ
磬㿴ɿСвУСǱҪȥҪȥ˵о仰֪
ġ硱ʹ§ס߸оϾð
ԼӪУ֪Ը΢΢һЦ⣬֪ĻΪԼѱˡ
޷ֵܣϲǵġӣȻһǰ
ȿȡߡ
ðɣȥɣ֤ɹپۡʱûһǰ
ڰˡ硱εĻصԼӪС
ʥˣֲˡ
ħʥ˿ĺͣˡ
ħĿʼˣ֪ε̬ȶԴԼˡ
²װ
ԼȻħҿȴ͵һ
ħȻû׬ˣ˭ұ֤Լ
˵ݷõ𣬿ӺƺҲˣħҪںĳ׻ȥ벻̫
˵ħˣÿӦÿˣܣҲƺģƿغˡ
ˣΪ׵ħʥ˺ܼ尾
䡪
ڣ
ң󷨿ˣ߳һˣ˺Ϥ졣
ĵһܣ
λʥˡλѡ˵˺ܸˣλأ룡
ûġ
ô꣬ˡ
ǺǣҲңѡ
Ǻǣǰݷõ𣬵ܼǣЩСҡ
룬롪
ˣ
޷޷

һαĿס
ħ˿ǺõĿʼ
е㲻⣬Լ˵ƾǵġϲ
ħ˰ڿ˭ԺҪˡ
Ҳ׸ðǸɽͷˡ
оܲá
뵽ưɣ飬ɲһʱܽġ
ԼȻͺܶ࣬κҪԼ˴ûҲûʧܹ
𽻴ģԼȶŬˡ
޾ġСħء
˳۵˴˶һۣ˺ıһӪ󣬽ң
ħһӪıӡ


1022 뿪֮ǰ
ңȹͭź̫硣
ħ˵ǵһν롣ɲǣ̫ˣبź嫵ĸо
ħ߲һ
ɢŵϵȫǡ
ݷ̫ħ˵ֱǵ߸Եľٶ
ǰһֱſӺ͵Կ˿ȴСݰݷãе˼
˻㱵ʵݹ̫Ȼֲʵĸо
ʵĸоԴж
һǣݷ̫;оʵ
ǣ˵ĸое㲻ʵ˵ĸо

ʵڣ
ΪΣ̫
ҵΪ˽迪Сشʥˡ
Ȼ̫ҪѯʵĶҲǡ
Ŷ޲TĹϵ֣ôģǰ޲T𣿻޲TĬ̫ʵ
ƺ뵽һУ׼˵֧֣ҲҵСԸ
̫ȡЦ˵޲Tûлش
˵˴ΰݷãȷ˵СĦ
ȿ϶Ӧ̫ʵ
ģҾǻĹš̫ŶԿʱҲҵȰҵȻû˵СԴĦ뷨ҵţС
Ǻǡ
̫һϺЦ˲ôĦ
һ̫˵Ĳûǵ˿ССѡĪ˵ȣ޲Tƥ𶼲⣬޷ǸӵЦ϶ѡ
ħһεĺա
ӪЦ
ڵ⡰ǿĻشӪʾ
⡭ߵĳЦæֵ
⣬ҵȰǺߵػߡħ⣬С˵ֻ֪Ҳںģ治֪ЩαСˣô޴ĴһУ治֪ǲɵЩС޳֮Ҳıø嫡ˣºڰˣҪ֤ںϽģҲ׳ģǰʴȣ¿
˵󡭡
ڰħħǽţŵĳ亹
û˸ø
վ˳ͨһ̫ͬڰ䣩лǰ֮ʴȣ¿зԸҶԸɽ𺣣岻ݴǡ
һȭʮա
Ҫ̫ǰѾˡ
ӪļˣڵĿħ˺ƣ̫⿴ˡ
ȿȣħҰģ˲һĹ֪֮Ϊ𣬱Ĳ˵ݵŶǣ޲T棬ǵ͵ġ
վˣͷ磬ʱҪվ˵֮
ʱ޵ˣħȫݣħһС󣬸֪Ƕơ
ոĵİɣ￴óǵ޳ܣǲǻģֲƵˣħ޳𣿹
ҪѪˡ̫ʱڣôôģȻ޴׳Լ˽ʱǿǰѵˣ治֪ﻹ˵ǣǸģޣħ񡣡
㣬㣿һţϵˡ
ôͷˣ״򵽣ָ˹ǣǳϴǰ˵飬ǸˣҲûСĺ֡
һ˾ˣҲ˵ˣô㻹ҪѪأ
ǸˣħˣЦ

һڴս
ͺڰˣأûشء
ˣ
̫˺ƴս
ˣ̫ʾǸһݣ֮ԼӮһص˸ԵӪ
ϧôأôе㸹ڵ뵽
ĪҪˣ뷨ס̫ûǳҲò
ϾףԼղŵȫǷϻʲô֪
֪ҲҪ˵Уһֱʾ
̫˵˭Ҫ֤ģ
˵꣡
СŮ͡ĸվ˳
ŶСѾͷҲҪ֤ˣ˵СҲˣҲ࣬ǰ֧䡣Ҳգ˵ˣܿܣвδο
ĸַ꣬Ů˵ԣʼ涵ģɢһ˾ʣǺǿ
û˵ղ̫ĻѾǰֵĿ϶ˡ
̫Ŀ϶Ҫ˵ˣҲûҪ
˵ģ˵֧࣬䣬⻹
ʾĴǰܽΪ˸ǿ˱֧䣬Ǹú
㹻ˣ仰˭Сڳʥ˸ǡ
ҲҪ֤
𣬻СŮҲǡ
ͷվ˳
ţ֪̫¶΢Ц
΢ЦǴ˴ΰݼ̫һ̫һ΢Ц
̫ˡ
ʮ⣬ʮֿˣ˲˶С
˵˴ǰһֱڸ¡
ܸˡ
СҲҪ֤޳ܵ˵
ԳСɰĿǰĴкڰħĵĲᣬ˵湻ˡ
ʦԯҲҪԯһ̬˵Ҳᰡ£
Ǻǡ̫Цˣ׳󣬱Ҳܸˡȼ˵𶼴Ӧˣ֤ںϺģԺкܴĴٽǱ뿴ġ
صĺڰ˿̫ˡ
лʴȣ˼æ
лʴȡ֮ϡ
Ϊ׵ħͬ˿ȻĶˣȻ
̫˿˵и󵽣ǰªݺۺˣҲҪ֤ɺ󣬺ڰϣ֮ĸꡢ衢ԯ

һĬ
ǵۿ롢۵ȣȴЦˡ
Ǵǰ֪ʱ֤ҲҪŶӵġ
ԣӪҪúڣ˺ڰ䣬ƱΪĸȡһ
ֻû뵽˺ڰ䡣
˺ĸվˣ֪ҪŶӵĺô
ɵ۵壬Լ˼Цˡ
ۿҲˣҲ֪ҪŶӵģûԼˣûǰ˵ˣ
ȿȣȫƾԸ
ԯһơ
˵Լ
Ҫȶꡣ
ţÿ˸ʱ䣬ڰ䣬ĸʮ衭ʮԯ
ԯһȦ
֤ԭֵȴҪŶӵģ
ʱ
ͣȿȡ
˷Ӧ̲סЦˡ
ȿȣˡ̾Ӣţ̲סˡţҡϿҡ˵
̫һǿɣҶûסЦˣȻʥˡ
𣬿ľȺ⡣

⡭һЦ
⡭ԯ￴ʵ
֪ôģǷ˺Ŀһ㶼⡣
֮ͷֿ۵ۿˣһζĿ⡣
͵ۿе㲻ڡ
Һãеεľֿ̫ڵ
ãеҪ˵һ£á
̫һ仰˲ջ˵ĸ뷨
ǿɲֻΪ¿֤
Ϊ˴ǰ컯Ԫʧ͵ټ¶
Ѿˣǰջ컯Ԫټڵӣ
ţȫͷ
û뵽ûôڣԼ˵ˡ
˱Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬ʱܺܳڵڼ䣬Ǻ⣬˶ʯһ
ֵ⣬ǡ
⻰˵꣬ˢһ£塢ȣе졣
ô˼Ϥĸо
ಡ
һͷ
ֻħ˶ͽ˺Ρ
ͽ趢ǡǴǰܵ˳ͷʱδع鱾ңƶݱǵĴǲȫǡ̫˵
˿Լһ͡
룺쵰ΨֲҰܵļᡣ
ȣʥۣǰݷ̫ľ档
Ƕ̫ˣһͱƱݺ
̫˵ˡ
ѵ˼ǣڵڼ䣬Լ˵Ĳ£ĲԼ˵
Ҫλش𣬲ұ֤
ܲվ˵ڣǶձġ
һȲ˵ܣΪԼֻܴԼ
ԣıֻ̬ԼԿ
Լ֤ˣȴΥˣģԼ֤ˡ
ܣͷˣǰôûǸɽأ
ĪҪ룬ҲħˣħشƣҲݱıȻƽıȻ˵ģ֣ܱڣһ֣ǰǿ޼ʥ˲

⣿
˻˻
һ𺳣̫ˡ
ԼˣҪǵĵħõ⣿
˰꣬ؾӪ
Щû⡣
Ѿħһ㶼⡣
ԭ֣Ѱˡ
ǰΣΪԼǿǿĻˣ
ֻҪɵӶ֪Ҫǵסǿ޼ʥˣԼ˱ضʧء
Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬ʱΣյģһܴӺɽԨ˭ұ֤Ӹĵط
ϣĻᷢ֡ʱʱ˺ͳɼϵУ𣿡

һҧѯħˣҧħܱ֤ڤˡ
ڤӣ
ģƤ֮ëɸҪ֣˱վǰߡ
ˣӦˡ
Ƕɵӣ׺󶼴Ӧˡ
ʵ̫˵ʱҲ֪ô
ֻʱʱܹؼ̫ʧغǲϡ
˵á
ƣ̫˵ͷ
ֵ˺ȥҺ޲TüˣԼ졢ˣ˵ǵģͬΪ飬ûеڶѡ񡣡
ˣ˿
˴ǰټµԭ˵е㵣ǣǴ˴Բһж
½Ҳɹˡ
֮ԴųĬ뿪ˣΪ˱֣̿ӵ˵ھ뿪뿪ʱǡ
еأʱ޷뿪ˡ
뿪̫˺ıԴ֮أȰΪ֮ȥüˣкȥ֮ӣ



1023 ޷
̫Դ֮غ󣬲һʱ󷨡
⽫һιµọ́رԴΪԪ޼ɾŲ㡣
֮;ƽȥ֮ˡ
̫ԺĵĹ׺ܶ࣬˿ûд۵رԴ֮رԴ
ҪûرԴĲ䣬̫һ˿ת治֪Ҫá
ǽǸޱʱ䡣
ǰػģΪô࣬Ҳûлرġ
źĽһǿ˼ɵŨıԴںĳȻĵλҲںС
ʹˣâʱƯ̫ˡ
õʮˣûƯķ֮һʱ䡣
̫ҲڻʱججģʱסǼ٣ƮƮľһ٣ʱûʱĸ
̫ʼ˱չأ˺ĵһС
ںģ
صʥˣħ
ʱħѾԵú䣬ųɾŵħͷȥ˺ģֻĻħУеĻֻĳԱ
ħУѹ֡
ͷͷ󺹵ض޲T
޲T˿̵˫УһźɫȵĻ棬ƺҪѹƲסˡ
һɾ޴ѹϯΪʥ˵ɪɪ
´˿̵޲TҲնɱʥˣ޾µѹ񱩷ƮҡС

˺þãһ
ɣ֪ˡ޲Tûѡͷվ
һ˿û䣬ڲزסġ
棿
չһɶ޾չ鿴ˣ̫ĺģشƵʱ̫˵ûЩ˵ȷ֧䣬ֻû뵽ҲеһԱ
޲TһХ
棿ֺܲһο״̬
Ȼ
ˡ
ֻ޲TһǿңĶһƺδ֪鷢ˡ
ħкܳĬһֱľʮꡣ

޲Tһֳ̬ʱ򣬵һǳһ
ˣˡ
úƮĸоԼƺ˵
Ǻǣˡ޲Tļ˵һԵĻ
棬֪ôڡ
ǵģû뵽Ϊ˴ξϣȻˡ
ˣ͵һ뵽˵ĳѡ
𺳣޲T²ûͺһˣֻǻһһջؼķ뱾ںϣ˺󲻱ΪϵĴڡ
⣿һȣһϲϲ棬ϲ档

޲TһХ֮⡣
˵̫ľǳ̫Ϊħܳģǳˡ
Ӧ̫һЩ
ʱ޲TǷŭģڼȱŭ״̬ҪΪʥɱܸղնɱ
ΪڸղԼ
ѹסˣѹסһû䣬ֶ޾£Ȼ̫Ķ֣Ȼ̫Ūڹơ
ʲôħʲôħƿغģٺõļƻ̫Ƶ£ԼС
̫Լİֽþòˣ˵̫һʵԪþòˡ
̫һѡ
ڶףնԼƿأ˴ӷſʼħ١
ԼĵڶҲ̫£ˣԼҪͨϮŵļƻҲزˡ
֮£ֻǴǰħ֡
ȥֺǳɹǣֻ޲T֪Ҫ̫һٶļԼļƻ˿̵ĺĿɲڵľ档
ʵȡЄҹ٣ħѣͿʼ̫һļˡ
ֶ֣ΪľٶԼļƻĴ
Ķʢħ̫û֣ˡ
޲TΪ˺ƣ̫Ҫû֣ǻʱЩԡ
ͱļƻնɱˡ
ټħ˰꣬ճ̫޲Tڱˡ
ǣȻ˿ĳˡ
޲Tһƣ֪̫ǳȫԼǺԼ
˭뵽棿
Լ߳ħˣڿԺͺһȥ⣬Ԫˡ
ⲻԸ
ͺһΪˣġ
һ첻ھܵԸ޲Tĵˡ
ĳѵһɲȻʣԼĸڳѲƿˡ
˵˵̫ԭ޲Tʵ
ѹס͵ĺ޲TûäĿǶʵ
ʱһ㣬ʲôѰ
ճ˵𣬽ħ泬ˣ
꣡ô죿
棬£¡ܣô죿
ѵ𲻿ܵģ
ɱҲܣ˵ûоǴǰԼΪûôϾħ汻ħ
޷֪ܡģ滹ںҲû㣬ұ汣֤ٲֺħˡ޲T͵쾪
⣿˵һһվ˺öΡ
ĳ˺ܶ࣬һһ۽磬Ī㻹ãѺ滹Ҫˣ߿ʵĿꣿ޲Tżɽ
˵֡ˡ
͵һ˼ǰƿԼ˵ԭΪ⣬벻˺ġ
˿̵ħ棬ֻҪһܳˡ
棬ﻹõԼˣ
Լ˾ǺĶְ
޾޼ɣɲ޼ʥܱȵġ
޲Tô˵ԭˡ
һ̫Ľ˵һ顣
ʲô
ȷ
˵֮޲Tһš
ԣ
ܣͻƣ
ǡ
ôܣôǿ
һɵۡ
̫Ե˵Լ뿪ԭͻƣûħ˵
̫ģƺģ޲Tʵ
ǵ棬ȷ˵ģ˵Լˡ
˵󣬼޲T˳Ĭһľ֡
ܾȣħ뵽ʲôȻΪʱ뿪ų
ȻǵǿһͰŵǵĳѵ档
棬֪뵽ʲôҲ컯Ԫˣ˵ټΪ֣ѵΣز
Ǻǡ޲TһЦֹǻزܻ᳹׵䣬˵أ
ʲô־ˣ֪ˣҲͲƽˡ
棬⣬ʲô˼һš
ʱˣû˭ûеġ
û˵˵ģԼǰħ棬ǺľԵĻ
ԼϲڵĺģȻսԼϲԼڵ֮أԼΪ֮ܶĵطԼٵĺġ
ҪǵûˣĻһ롣
ô˵´ˣʶ϶ÿζʧһΣһʧˡ
˺Ȧ
ǣǲӦõģŸյĳѣôܣǿҲ׵ģ
Ȧ
Ҳ²ĶˣԶѹƣ
ȦС
Ҳգ˵˻ұ棬Ҿ͵ȵȿϣ´ˡ
ˣһ߶ʲô˵Ҳ
棬µʲô
޲TįĿ˿²⣬̫Ҫͻˣ˱չȥˣͻƵ֮Ρ

ѾǾˣ˵𺳡
˺һᣬ֮Σ磿
ǵ֮Σ̫˵ġڻʱƺΪҲлΡ޲Tһ̾
鲻Խ˾䣺棬жǿ
Ǻǣǿ޲TҡҡͷԼ֪ǿԼǰļģԼõǰʮħļͱԴ֪㡣
ǿ˵壬ĸָ޷졣
޷죿һʲô˼
˼޲TѵЦҲ嵭е𺳡
ˡ
޷죿
ɲ޷죬֮β޷޵Ȼ޷ˡ
죬Ǻ֮κƽˣҲˡ
Ȼܽᣬ֮ĸ֣޷졣
ǣ²ⲻǸǿˣΪεô֣صĽǺŵӣȦ+߳
˾䡰˻
㲻ġ޲Tһ̾
һЦҿɲǲҪǶҾͲˡ
ô˵ɡҺ޲Tһ£޲TͻƵ֮ΣҪ޼ںϷ򣬶ֻдӳںϷ߳ѷɵܡɵԤʾţҪһкͷںϣʱΣգҪǵĲǿᱻͬӴ鳹ʧΪһֻ֣ۣ֮߳ӣǳɵҲΡ
һͺ޲TѳɵѺΣ˵
ʥ˵Ϊ͸˼˺һᣬһš
ΣգҪǵĲǿⲻǳɵ
ֻеǿ󣬴ӳʧУȻԻ۵ң֮߳ӣΪˡ
뵽ˣ鲻Խ˵˾䣺
ҪǵͻƵĹؼʱڣ˴˿ô죿棬·ĺ벻ģҵģ˵СֵΣ
üһ
ĳϷ̫ˣǼٵġһʱ뵽˵ҪɾͲˡ
ߣ޲Tһߡ
¸֪һš
ǳ뷨ʧʧڴ֮ӣ˭ڴ֮˺ԼʧͬͻƵ֮˭ƻߣʧ˾ɢǳɹ˾ͱʾ˲޵С
ֵֻ޵Сǵ֮ΣͲҪϹ룬޴
ǣǣ֪
ɣжԶԶ޲Tûһ֡
˲䱻ҵѹϯǱı⡣

ȿȡ
һᣬ֣ԼѾںɽĳˡ
ΰˣٻزȥˣһ̾
뵽˸ղź޲TĶԻ
ǷŭԼ𣬽泬ˣԼƺ׵ĺˣ
ҲգҲգҲãԼҲá̾Ϣ
ϣܺƣ治뿴λжԳ֡
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1024 ֲԴȪħ棡
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ϵղŵϢǣ
üͷһ壬ָһʼݣһᡭ
ף޲TȻߵһǸʡĵļһѵҪˣ
䲻ǡ桱ˣȻ˳ϵĵ档
նʬ֮ȲѾе󣬵ڵʱָơ
ûĲնʬûд˿̺ĵķ١
ԣϲ˵ûִƵˣȴȻԺİ
˭ܷϣĵĽ̫ã飬ͬŬĽ
ҡҡͷˣ̫ѽɣ̫Ҳˣڣ޲Tûʲôᡣ
˼̫ȥͷ۰ɡ
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ѾԼͬˣ鷢չһزû뵽ġ
ұħٵľˣ˺ĵݱ䣬ѾǴǰǸƹܵʱˣҲǸյлСʱڣ˿̵ĺúѣñ泬ѣѾҪˡ
޲TΪ̾Ϣ
ûԼ£ֻںĴ˶̶̰꣬ѾԼһˡ
˵ֶ̫еƫˣӦ˵ߺ̫£ĵı仯
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ԣʱѾһħûߵ󣬷ʧܱ̹նɱڽתɴǲߴǰǧħ·
ôĺģǿԺǿ󣬷ǿ󣬾ܴ߶ĵĸǿһǧħƷǡ
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޾µŬŻħ뷨ʵĿ꣬ɵͷ֣ⲻǺϣľ档
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̫֮ͺͲһ̫һ׺ĽĹ켣˳ʼĽ׶Σʱо衣
־ǣԺ͵ħʱ򣬺ֹ̫Ĳ룬ʱĺ־Ҳǵ̫ġ
ֱʥ˵棬Լħ̫ܺĺˣԴԺʼ̫ķ½˵̫˽ĳıߣĵĽ졣
Լܵ˵Ǻĵĵˡ
Ҫǵˣд˿̵ĳɾ͡
Լ̫£ΪݱԼ֪ǰģԼһֱΪԼŬ
͡
ȿȣ̫ƥ򣡡

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˭ܽܣԼһԭڱ˵Ĳٿ¡
Լȴ֪ΪԼŬ
ʣ޲Tһ㣬ķŭ֪

޲TЪ˹ŭԼһֱǸСһֱ̫ƿµĹߡ
ԼΪԼǿǡֵۡıĶеܲס
ҳѺ֪ȻԸѡ޲T˵ħһŭ
ΪԼڲſףΪԼˣҲ˵Լüֵûˡ
βЪ˹
̫ˣԣ
Ĳȣ޲TѪ˼ĲȥǵѪղŵЪ˹ͷɢģȥǱ
Ǳ͵һ룺ܲԼ
ΪԼжĺ˵
ԼһˣԼһֱٿصġܡһˡ
ʼеľݡĦ
ǺȻȥһ޲TһǸ
ֱ˺þãȻ¶Цݡ
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ļã޲Tƺˡ
ղԼȷˣԼĴڣһֱ̫ãǺҲǡ
⣬Ҳ˵׵ıٿأ̫Ҳ֪δΪĿҪԽԼҲǼ¡
ôһ⣬ܶˡ
޲TһֱٿصɵӣΪδ֪δԼһ¶ѡ
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δˣǰһˡ
Ҫ仯仯Ǹ⣬Խ
Ŀ껹ǺԼһĺôģ
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δز֪ԼĹ켣ҲǱٿصġ
˵ǣһֱֿ̫ѣȥ̫İʵĿġԼҲοԼԼҲ˵֧ʵԼļֵûҪţǼ⡣
ôԼδѺδزܼѧѧϰǡմȾκε¶ˣ˭Լ
޲TЦˡ
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Կʼĺͷŭھ޾۵ûг׵ıǸǻۣԼҵ˰ο֧š
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޲Tǿĵطһ˳Լĵĺδ
һЩһȦ飬벻İ취Ҫͨǻ顣
ĴڣԶ޲T֣һ˾ܸԼδһΣʱ̣ȵˡ

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ΪԽԽ֮һеûá
ɿʼɵۡɵ䡢ɵںϣⶼڽ
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ʥибңҲһֶ򣬶ױҺ󣬿ʼЩǰĸԼ
鲻Բ֮ϵһУǽĸֶԼԲ
Բ󣬾ǸϵĲΣԪ޼ɡ
Ԫ޼Ҳиƺĳƺҡ
Ҿ޳ԼΪҡ
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С类ںϣе鱦նʬںϣٺںϡֿԿóһĹ켣ߡ
켣ʼʼֻǰѷֻһںϣںϳһ塣
֮ǵ֮Σҡ
̫ҪģԲ֮ӵĵҪԼںˡ
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˵֮·Խ߲ԽԼ
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ҿʱȺ̫ǻ鱦ҪˣЩ̫ò
̫һ˵֮Σ̫ʱȶʧȥâ
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鱦ˣ̫ԽԽǿˡ
ԽԽǿûá
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ԼҪһʱеû䣬¶û䡣
̫ԣҲʹ죬ҽΪĶԴ̫ǿҲΡ
޲T˵㣬ʼе廳ˡ
Ҳգȳ׳Ѱɡ

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ۺۣΪڤ̺󣬵һڤ֤ʥġ
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£ɽӵĲпˣΪʥֶһڤ磬ⲻòɽ鵣ǡ
ڪݳʥ֪Ļ治࣬ǵͲεĴڡ
ҪǽǧԪᣬ𻯵֪ĸ١
ԣݳʥĺ䶯󣬵ġ˼ȴ١
Ͼţ֪ĸʥ⣬ԭδ֪ĸᣬļˡ
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ΪӪѾˣҪˡ
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𰸸ĴǰĽѻ֣ᷢ߳ɵġ
޲T˭
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Ϊ޲Tħնɱֻħڤ硣
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Ϊ޲Tħϵ桢ˣնɱ졣
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Ϊ޲Tħ桢𡢵˵Ĳ롣
ߵСǬһڴ˵еĴ˵ôʧģ޲Tħնɱġ
ħôֵģ޲Tħ洴ġ
߳ģôģ޲TħƵġ
ħ˭˵ħ޲T
һħ˭µģħ޲T
ôģħ޲TƵġ

˿̵ħôģħ޲T
һϸ֪أ֪֣Ŀֲӱųˣ
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ȷ̫ʰĺܲңǳ̫Ǻ֪޲TҲܵĺܰ
֮
޲TԺ̫ˡ


1025 ̫޵СѹһС
ɽһΪħԨ
˻Ĺʱڣ޲Tĵ֮ء
ǰħһսʱ޲TħԨ
һɽɽԪ
޾¾ӣĶֲӺĵǿħԨָ˴ǰϡ
˵̫ײУΪħս󱬷أΪ޾ħԨ
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Ȳ˵˵ħԨŨħʹǰսͲһ˸ĵط
죬ħԨڵħʼƣ˻ˡ
޲TѺɽħ֮ûнκ˵İݷãǰĺһʧˡ
־Ѱʱ޲TѾص˵֮ħԨ
ħԨʱ޾ºӭˡ
մ˿̵Ļ֣ħԨ֮أħ˫ķֽߣħԨħħԨǱĵ̡
޲TĻع飬ʱħڵĵط
Ծĸ˺ΪħԨΪľµħ档
ʲô
ˣҲҪ˭޲Tȥأǲ롣
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֮ǰܶǰ˵ħ޲TޱȵĿ£Ȼʵˡòˡ
ħ޲TһϢûУ֮ǰԲѵĵһԳѺչزһ쳾ӡ
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Ȼ޲Tķô˸һǻصħ氡ôô͵ǲӦ
ڣ־ûá
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ڱԴ֮رչص̫ʱٵ£ڰΪҲ
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˵֮ǰ޲TĳѣѾʢˣ̫Ԫ޼ɵԲʢ
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εǺĵΪȴ̫޾鲻ԽĬ
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̫ļӺȴʦԪ޼Բˣֻһﵽ֮Ρ
صĹء
ȻħԨкܵ͵޲Tε˿
ȻǻԪ޼Բˣǲ˼鰡
һһ㱣̫Ѿߵһ
˵𺳵üˣһȣ̫ԽԽԶˡ
ǿս紦һĵطɢֻصĵϡ
Ǵǰ̫ʵ֮˵Ľ
͵һԴ̫Ǿ֮һֱھͻС
벻Լˣ̫ˡ
Լ̫ĵģȴ̫ˡ
̫˵һУѵħǹȥʽ
ĲΨһѵħһעɹ
ҵ˼һݡ
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ع̫ľ˼оѡ
̫̫Ԫ޼Բˣ
һȡ
ѵĶˣֻȷ·ѵǶˣ̹Ҳ󲻻𣿼ʹԸĳȫģ˵ʹǲ̹ʧˡ
һ飬¶Ĳ֪ԼҪô
ʵѾǰǧħȷʧˡ
Ƕĵ֮Σʧˡ
һ̹С
̹Żţܽʼͻѡǿ̹ʧ˰
˵ʧܲʧܣ̹ŵԸΪ
չ켣ģҪı̹ǰ濴ϡ
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˵̹Ÿûʧܣνϵһ·̹ŻδǴ
ܣ
⣡
Ȼһ뷨е¡
ܣԶҵȵԭߵ֮εͻƣ
Լ뵽һο֧š
οԼߵĵ֮ͻƣҪ
ˡ
֪ˣ̫̹ţ˺ģôأ

Ȼ䣬ǰһץס˹ؼ㡣
׳ĵ·ǻԭڣĺһ׳󣬶ʮǧʥˣҲǧ޼εħ񣬿ܻе֮εߣôд˿̵㣬һΪʲôܳԸһأ
ƺˡ
ĳɾʹ󣬾ԼԤ̹Żôʣϯλ
ϯλһǺĳɾʹճߣδɳֵĻ
Լȫ԰ֻظһɾԼһԴͷ
ߣԼĿꡣ
ôһȻʰ
ȥ˼黹飬ȹԼƣͻƵ֮Ρ
˵֮ȥߡ
ԼߣԼһεļޣǰĻڣһİǴΡ
Ͼߵںϰ
̫ңȴȫң
ʱ˼ͷħ߳㯣̫߳Ǿ
⣬һƶ˺ĵҪԡ
ľδĴ±ȻߣΨеߣֻ̫
̹ţұ֤᲻֣Ͼ룬˭ҾԱ֤
ųһĸأԼĸߵԼһ
о޴ġ
䡪ಡ
Եش򽫳˳˼·ʧˡ
֮ǰϢ˼²ġ
ˣϢջأϢջأشĻϢҲʧˡ
뿪˷ǿеĳ壬ʱûʱᡣ
ڣֻվ̫ǰ̫϶ңôһ¶ûУǰε㡣
뷨ȫԼʵ̫Ϊ԰ڣɶںġ

磬صС
ɽΪ⣬ڤͷΪͣ鲻ʲôҲ֪˭
֮ĬˣϾŵ˼ǣѹ޵У
ȫƣ̫޵СѹһС
ɽ磬ʥϴ͵һɡ
ϴĻ̹ȫˡ
ǺȻ뵽԰ǻ̫޵СѹһСء
޲TħԲΣ
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Ǹ͵ˣôʥĳ֣ڸߺĵĳЩˣע㡣
ʥ׼ʥǣôġ
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Դ֮أһӣɢʱ󷨡
ȻףԼѾ޼Բ
ĲΣҸоԼƮˣ֮ڵĵԵˡ
״̬޲ʾҪȥ֮ӳںϺ󣬸һˡ
״ֲ̬˶õģԼǿѹһ£ǿѹǾ仰֮·һǰĺá
Ҳãȥ޲Tüֻһȥ֮ӡ
䣬̫뿪˱Դ֮ء
ճԴ֮أ繧صľ̫΢΢һЦû⡣
ڹҲֺ
Ͼ̫ҪǳɹˣľͲκεС֣ҲκεĿ顣
̫̹ȻĽֺã͹ء
һüճԴ֮ؾͷ֣ɽħʧˡ
ţ޲TȻˣ
̫һ΢Ц
ҲãԺ˵ãһ޵޲TԶһһ޲Tܱȵġ
ҲǱڼĿ飬޲Tˡ̫뵽
룬̫ȥ̫磬֮ǰýĶϡ
ֻһҪģǶüһ
ˣ̫ڵĻɫ硣
ѹɽ鶼е㤡
Ŀĵأϲֽŵķ֣ħԨ
ħʥһ󾪻š
ǸճȥħԨҪѹ
ȻλĲܺƽദ
Ҫ׼ҪλһԲϴսĿɾΣˡ
ǣ
ǾŵһĻȴûг֡
ֻ̫ĳҪħԨʱֻħԨһħľ˳ˣħ޲T
ħ۵ľ˺ͳ绯̫Ȼ໥˹֡
ֻܿô࣬̽ǵ˵ʲôǶ

һħʧħԨУħ۵ħ޲TҲԭħ
λûһԲϴսô˵أȥѣ޲T
ôоܹأ
ħԨзʲô
̫΢Цĺ޲Tԣ޲Tһƽд
̫Ҳɻ޲Tתˣ
ôУͺϺһˡ
޲Tȴе޿κεı飬ļˣеһ˿Ҳˣ̫޼Բ
޲Tϲˡ
ߣڡҪŶԣĳɾͣҳԲԵòֵһᡣ
תˡ㽻ҼǵйһΣǺܾǰħûãƱԪʱ
תˣѹһȻһһ۽磬һһأѺԪ޼ɵңȻֺˡ¡Դȣûˣû˭ȥµƣⲻϣҰȵģ˵ͺɣ
޲TǺ̫һ
̫û޲T˵ĺܶԵġ

̫һЦ
¸¸¡
޲TҲħԵһЦ
еһЦĸопɲ룬˸е㺣ȥˡ
ˢˢĿ⿴Զ
ˡ



1026 Ŀ꣺֮
˿־ħԨţеࡣ
ߺϵһ˵ӣ̫˿ֿ˿޲TһС
ǡαĹ޲Tѡ
޲TĻӦ֪ĻΪ˹ϵ桱
ȿȣˣôôαأ̫Ĳ𴩵
Ǻǣ̫ѣһܲáôܽαпϵЦ
ȷôܽα۵ʺ򣬼ǵúܾ֮ǰǻ޲TҲǺ̫һ䡣
̫ЦǰǵȷҲ۹һϵأκϵ޲Tնɱˣ
仰޲TŪúΣԼġ
˭ʶ̧٣Ұ
ûԼҲûæıˡ
û޲TôΪģǬǣԼҪնɱģǱġ
޲TҲһߣŶ
̫ͺһЦҲû޲TһŶˡ
ô̫ѣ㿴Һʧ
һǽ˭ô
ȻǴ̫Ľ
֣ܿΪ̫ƣȷһʱ䣬ҲԼľڲ黹ˡ
̫ȷû뵽ôѪˡ
Լǰ֮˵ôôѪˣ
϶ȻСӡ
޲Tһˡ
ƺ̫ڽԱˣҲ˷ܰ
æʣѣ̫ôˣ˵ʵڻ̫Ҳ̫ѣЩС֪ݵҲ̫Ǳһа񡯵׬ˡ
ף͵һ㶣ɫתѣԴư
ߣƤ˾˵Ųڡˣ׾١̫
֣ű㲻ݺݡģǳԲᰡ
㡭һľ³
㡭޲TҲһĻţç򣡡
ߣ֯һȴ˵ֻܻһߡ
˲Ҽ̫ˣΪǷ̫ϤЦݡ
ЦǾܶΣÿ̫΢ЦĿԼԼҪù̫ħ״̬ı׼
һ̫Ϊ̫ħҪ
ԣΪ˲̫쭣ȿȣҲûʲô̫ѵġ¡ҿ㯣ӶδҪôߣΪָʱĲΣѾͨˡ
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ҵʱĿңȥںδΪ֣ҡҺ͵ҡ
һֺѷɵ
ǣҲұ֤ǲҲҪĿ飬Ұ벽ʱݣÿ֤֮ˣ鶼ͬҲͬ
ͬǣҡҡңҲǹȥںδ顣
ͬǣҲһң
֮ˣҹ۵ѵĻۺ͸˵һٰ˳ɵİգ
οں̫Ϊһ壬Ȼ

һ̫ˣԭô
Ȼ˺ð£̹ŵľԼͰˣûԼҲģо飬˭Ҫأ
лָ㡣̫ǳϿҵл
ϣѳɹģ˵ͬһս߲ΪɹҲͳɹˣʧˣҲʧˣ̹Ц
˵ĺϣ̫֤ɹɡ
Ҫ̫˽ˣҲѹ
ȷҪսˡ̫


һоڲУ˽һ֮˻ԣ̫̹š
ʼ沨ȥ֮ӵԴͷȥԴͷҲǾͷȥȹĿ顣
̹ţΩԸ̫ɡ
̫ͨԺ̫ˣһ֮Ӷʮٵĵȴˡ
֪Լĵȴû塣
Ͼɺ̫ĳ֣ǰֵʱһնûУֻ˵һ
һĴۣȲ˵˵һ޾µĵȴ
Ϊ֪̫ܲˡ
ֱϣ޾ȴľѰġ
ҪôʹҪôϣĵȴõ档
ܵľǲ֪Դĵȴǰ
˵ʵĵȵĺܣû̫ںϴ֮Ӻ󣬱Ӧʱ̹Ƕôļ
޷˵ļ
Դͷ˴ĵȵˡ
Ҫ̫̹Ų֪ԼܵȶãûĿĵĵȺܿ¡
ҺãҺãҲȰȰľͳɹˡ

̹Ŀ̫С˻ֿʼ沨жԴĬĬԸ
֮˭뵽̫ڣ
˭뵽ס֮ӡ
̫֮ˡ
һ·ϣ̫Լǡ
Ʈ~Ʈ~~Ʈ~Ʈ~~Ľݡ
̹˵ģ̹Ű벽ʱȻһ˿ݲ֮ӵ̫Դ֮е㡰ء
֮Ǵ֮ռѡ
ռѺ󣬲״֮ӵܡ
ֻ֮һƺǴô򵥡
֮ǣôģһжδ֪
ٻ𣬺δУܾˣ֮Ӷڣһδεݡ
ʱš
֪˶ã̫͵ط֣Լ沨ٶڼӿ졣
̹˵ͷһľͷᱻоδ֪֮ء
Ȼ沨ٶȼӿ죬̫֪Լﾡͷˡ
ĿˣԼٳʱǺº
һ̣̫ȻƽΨеǣġ
ŷ֣Լĺܰܰġ


1029 ũ޼
֮ӵľͷеģ̫·һʶĵط
Ϊ˵ʶΪϤҲеİ
ϤΪＸ컯Ԫʥһ
֮ǰ̫컯Ԫĵڰ˲㣬Ϊʥ˽һεĶᡣ
Ǹ߳컯Ԫڰ˲㣬֤һεĻᡣ
̹ŵ˵𣿡
̫̹Ŷ˵ľ顣
ʱȻ䣡
̫е¡һ죬˿ٵأδ֪֮ضʱϹ˸δ֪Ļһ
ǣȻ䱻ըѵı仯С
ǡ̫û˵꣬Ȼʧȥʶ͸֪


ģ硣
ħʮδսβ
ӷǿտʼⳡս˺磬ħͶ޾飬ѪȷУ綼ڲ
ĴӪУũе翵̬
˫ûоԵʵѹÿ޾֮衣
ÿνѽ٣ܻᱻڣ췢ɱ£鲻ɱıɱǡ
޴ߣǷʧȥǡ
˵ɽ޸ܲңڷ˵µΪԵֿ췢ɱġ
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Լʹսʤݻٵˣģɾͷ޼
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˵һˡ
۷ģ޾鹲ӭģΪ࣬ԭˡȻǾͿʼɡ
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ֻ컯ˣͣũȥɽ硣
ɽ󣬹ν֮һסļɢĸ
˳ʥѣ޼޼ĸԼ̫ѣũع鱾Դ˷硣
Ըġ
ҺãҲ
ŵʮħսʼм¶Լɾ޼Զˡ
ˣʮħսĩβ߳һ
죡
̫뿪ģ֮ӵʮ
ʮ̫꣬뿪ɽʥ˸ǣĬıɽĴսͶԿ
ȴһݰⰲǴǰ̫ڵʱ֤ģ뿪ˣɽһݰ
̫뿪Ӱ죬Եڶĸû˿Ӱ졣
ɽ԰ʥյ׷Ȼݱ
ڣһƽʱΣûдǰǰķ񣬺֤һ֣֮ǰ֤ˡ
ڽ˻ڡ
죡
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Ϊ˵ˣǷڷ磿
ûãǻˡ
ԣⲻ֣в֣֣ǶվټǡûУ
ɽӪչеķ͵ؾѡ
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磡
ԯͷȸӦˡ
֪ũȥԭ֪ѡ
ӷӶ棬˺ԯһ뵽ũ
磬ɹ𣿡ԯһ󼤶
⣬ӦǣԵúƽⲻ֪ǿѹס˼Ϊͷɲˡ
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ĸȫˣԷѹԽԽǿԽԽϤĸо
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ã޼ʥˣ磿
ۿͶ̫һһų˷ֺ뵽޼ʥˡ
⣿ɽħ޼ֱ޼ʥ˺޼ʥˣѵ޼Ҳˣ̫һ
ܣǱħƭˣũħޣǡۿһʧȻ뵽֮ǰĹΪ
ũðŷ½縨塣
Уδ׼ỹûʱħĵ½Ϊ
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ũ½Ϊ޼ħ½磬ҲΪ޼
ħģ½ʱħδʼ׼ûȥŻ׼ͳΡ
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Ҫʥ汻նħĿƣѾˡ
֮ǰħԷŲ͸
ǰӦ׵ģũôҪ徹Ȼð½磬ǵΪ˱壬ⲻֵá̫һε
Ҳ㣬ڣڹħ壬֪顣ۿҰο
ҰοҲУ˵ʲôˣô죿
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ңũɹˣûеʱҲһʵ
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ǿգͿó̵Ҫԡ
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ܿ챻Եĸ߲㰲ˡ
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ǰԷΪ½磬ĳܼǽɣһ׼ʥԲΪɾ޼ѾǷĹ򣬺͹ںϺеѹȫɢ
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׼һУɽ׼Ƿ磬ũ׼Լ޼Ĳ֡
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ũɾ޼龪òᡣ
ũȥûнκΰݼҲûκνȥ
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ǿյļħĻš
ս˺ܾõũȻɾ޼ˣ޼ʲô˼ղűѹϯ£˹µĴС
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Ȼʱʧıˡ
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ʥһ׼ʥԲǺܶĬϵİʥߡ
ٽ׳ȥĲŹ֡

һǿձԵ޾ĭС
̫ٵһ档
Է̨֤˷Ҫ
羡ͷں֮أũ޼ѹȻǸܵˡ
Ҳũ޼ʾ˾
괩嵮ʱǿ˷˺ܾãҲΪĵѾ˼
˵ɾͻԪʥ˺󣬺նǣ߳˵˺ͺһĹϵ
Σʼպ⡣
Ҫ磬嵮̫˵굱壬塣
ũ޼ʥˣáˡ
ɲˣ꣬ǻĹ֡Ц
ȿȣĪ˵ң㲻Ҳ𣿡ε
轾Һ㲻һһͼڣ˳һ飬̥ȱûڹ£˵ڹ꣬˵ģ
Ͷ̥ҲǸѧʣ걻û˵ˣǰûڹʲôû
Ҳû෴ԽԼԽĶ֪
ת仰⣬ʵǰլŮ֪ũɣ
ʲô˼һȦ
Ц˵ɾ޼ʥ˵ũܱˡʲô˼Լȥ롣
³˼ķˡ
һᣬˣЦˣũȷˣ޼ʥ˵ũôܻᶾ쵰Ȼ˵ũ޼ʥˡ
˵˵ԼЦˡ



1030 ܵĴ
̫չʮũɾ޼ʥʮ
ڻ޾ʱУȴھ츲صı仯
仯С໥ɵı仯
ʮΪԲʮ޾С磬໥Уںϳʮǧ磬ͺǧһǿ硣
ʮǧУǿ飬ȫ޼㣬Ҳ޼۷Ĵڡ
һʱʮ޼ʥˣܴﵽԪ޼ɺ߲ĲΡ
Ǵǧ塣
֮Ǵǧļޣÿǧ۷壬ںϳ޼ԲʶkĿܣڼ˲ƽ£޼߲Ŀܡ
һ޼ɿܣռһǧıԴ˵һܹӦܵĴڡ
̫Ԥ֮еķˣ޾ڴָ£Ϯ
ʮ޼ĴڣɱĴڣ֪û̫ĺģԺ˵ǺεȵĲпᡣ
⣬ÿǧ绹ʮʥˣԼʥ֮µʥȴڡ
ǧԵʥˣУҲѡ
п֤Сԭ£ܡ
˵׼ʥǴǧĶ塣
ʥˣʶʥˣѵ
ʮǧʮ޼ɣ㣩ÿʮʥˣһʮĸʥˡ
׼ʥǶǣǿܴڣʮǧںϣҲûк׼ʥһࡣ
Ȼ˴εĽսʥ˺޼ʥˣ׼ʥֻǵδ͵ģпޡ
ʮǧںϳɹûԲϮϻһʱ䡣
ǣ֮ͨǰε֣Ӵڣ˴εֶǻǰⰵֻشһԻӺڲⲿҲϡ
Ľϡ
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Ǵ˴ֺʮ籾Դٿأⳤì˵ƿĵıݡ
Ӷǿһ


ںģ
磬ũʥ󣬷ĵʮħսˡ
һνˡƽĽ׶Ρ
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ҿƼϴ޶˱ը־ũ޼ǽ˸߰
ͨǷ֣粻Լô򵥣ɽֲɽ룬Ȼδ֪Ŀ־塣
ƼĴΪĸ߲㣬ԼһԱһߴӪ
Ѿǵħʮ󣬵εˡ
Ҳǵã̸еġ
ӪСܣ㲻ôǲеģƼҪôԼ̸Ҫеְ
Ű˴໥˽⡢໥жԣν˴Ѿûʼġӡ
˿̵ĿƼһʼƼķչ
Чܲڶ෽Դ£ܳɲεĴڡ
ǿƼĵһǿߡ
Ƽܿ£һҵ·ǻսһͨƼĸ֡
֣ô˵أϸ˵Ǹ⣬ȿȥѪ飬һˣˡ

˫һ֣ӪͿƼǿЭ顣
Э飬о棬Ȼþʲôܼʶûʶ̸С
񳶵һһ磬Ϊһ͹涨Ҫˡ
̸дɺ˲һˣȣղŲĲǡ
˵ľУûҪô鷳
ƼĴʾֻѧͽû̫İա
˵ֺߵģʱȫԿߡ
Ǹ̸У̸кṫڣЭ鲻͸¶
Ϊ۵ѹҪǿ߿ǣǵҲûˡ
ЩѪ治֪Ƽɵӡ
ȷŵҪǺıĸб֤ɣ
ϧ˼ҿƼš
Ҳû취ôҵķ磬ֻһĿƼ
ڷ粻ŲеģӪǵĿꡣ
οǶҲȻ֪޼ʥ˵ҲħҲĴڣڸũ޼ĽŲ
ǣ֪ͬ޼ʥ˿ȥ޵УǲһεģԼħ߲㣬޼ʥ˶֡
ԣħ޼ʥˣµġ

ɷѯһ£Ƽͷ֮һīʵ
˵ɣֻҪ֪ģֻҪ漰˵ܣᱣġ
Ǻǣллī׵Ĺֵ
ġһͷ˻ΪǰãǿƼһ˼飬ǵ޶˵ĻɳнǧĿѧҡսʿȣҲصɳ
ǡΪе㾪̾ĵǣĳˣǸȥǧͬȻֱˣһ仯ûС
ʲôûȻΪ˵꣬͵վ
ģʵ
Ϊīû뵽Ӧô󣬿ǰԼȷ˼顣
˶һۣīģƺ˲˼飬ҿƼںˣã֪ʲô
ī꣬Ĭˡ
Ϣŵɵˡ
Ƽͷ֮һŮ槣æũ޼ʥδɾ޼ǰ
˻һ
Ȼ뵽ʲôԽԽûеڶѡ
ôģΥģƺֻһ
޼ʥũ
ΥģũػģļģΥ
ôôֻһˣ˾ǵ
ûпǵڶѡ˵벻˭
ǣܣ߿Ƽġ
κΣԼղŷӦе㼤ƼīᡢΪ顢˲ɵӣͨղԼķӦѾˡ
ΪˣʵȷҪ֪֪Ĵڣǿ淴ĴڣȥֻأѭǴ˺ĵѭ˵淴򣬻淴˺ߣ޼ʥ˶ҪĴڣĴڣ׼𣿡
ϾǸǩԼѣҪǸղŷӦôң˵֪
ղżķӦ˵֪ǺŪɵӡ
ȻīͻΪ顢槲ɵӡ
ѡȨ˿Ƽͷ
⣿ɵˡ
е㷭츲ص𺳡
Ļ̫ˣֱǡ߰˳
޼ʥ˶ǿ޼ʥ˶Ҫ淴ĺͷĴڣ
ĵǿƼʲôڰλڣ֪ǼɻĪ
λߵĴǷӪīʵ
һ̾볰Цǵ֪û飬ϾûõЦˡ
ֻܵҪλǰһûħħˡλǰǲУִߣΨһߣôˣǾ仰һںķΧ˵һλǰѡǣ֪ǺģЩܲڿ֪ġиʥ˸֣ǿ֪ܡ
ȿȡЩѪ֪ܶҪʥ˲Σ˭ЩΪСг
һᡭ
򵥵˵һ°ɣִڣ˵ҪԵģǿƼ޾κο飬̽ǵĿ꣬˵λǰ׷ѰһĴڡīŵĵ
Уо޴ѹ
˿ˣĿѯʣʣ׼ˣ
˵ɣī˵öԡΪ
ȷҪ֪һЩˣɾӳ֪Ǵڵġ˵
ҲգһˣƼͷȻ׼ˣԼ˵ɡ
Ϊǰǻţٵصһˣݺһ֣ʵھģ
磬ǧ磬顢뵽飬˵ЩĴڣյλǰĶͣ
ô˵ɣһ룬λǰһ룬ĺģ
ʥĸŮʥˣĵӡԣûλҲ壬壨Ѫ飩ʥ桢䣬޾Ļʣ
֮ʲô飬ʲôطģƺһûģӪҲǣ
λǰţ̫˰ɣĬٷħȵȳƺޣλǰ
λǰ

뿪ˡ
Цˣ˱ɵˣԼʱ̱һ
ҪģԼʱѾŵ̱ˡ
֮Լ˵ܾúɶûʣָ˺ܾò΢΢վɫ԰׵ˡ
ߵʱʧ˻һ
ȻҪ֪ܣҪеܵ



1031 ħ޼ڹ
ӪС
ϰ˼ĿԶ˺ͣһʺϵʱ䣬ǵһĿԶ
ӱӰȥȶˣһ
Ȼ֡Ҿ御ϲľǵۿ
ÿεۿһĻ͸顣
ţ˺ͺȻһ
е˴Ӻ汧סԼϤĸоǷۿ
ˣڻǣۿʵ
˺ͷһ£е˿ţֿɡ
˺û˵ȴжʾˡ
ĪҪżǳΪ޾ˣǵõ˵ֲ󣬺ǻġۿο
˺һᣬ˺ͲŴεĵʱ룬Ҫǰ簮ǣǲᱻ֧䣬ôĻҺ˺ǣء
˺޲ΣѾ˵ˣ˵õۿͷŸСڣԼٰ簮Էʩѹŵ·ûбֵľ棬򵥡ĳͷ˺ǡ
ʮպգ˺ľսԼľŸӻ
˵֮ǰĳޣΪǴλصսǿȹˣûжԼ̡ԼԵĽ
ͷˣǶˣҪеæ˿̵ĵȴûС
ս˥ܣò˺ڰ޾һɥ֮Ȯ
ۿ͵ذ˺ת˹ĿŨŨİ⣬𱸣ˣҲ˵ⲻĴսǶƶĵĶҲӦóе
֮һ٣ΪֻܴûиĪҪ˼룬սĴǶ
˵ǵĺӣǵ˾㲻簮ҲҪе
ҵۿĺӣ֮ӣˣֻûп飿
㲻Ҫ־͹ǵĺӣʵۿĺӡ
ء
˺ſڵۿĻޡ
̫̫ˣԴӾŸһֱС
ۿۣʱ˲дûҪͷôõġ
ѿʼⶼһˣһֱУŹɣ֪ˡ
ԴǴκ󣬷˶ûȥݼʦǰóضϵ
Ϊ˾ãʦԼʧˣûĴ

˵ʱ䡣
ۿΪʣҲԼʱ䣬ˣѾһٵϰˡ
˾ô໥ţ໥ο塣
ȥۿʣ˺㶥ܷ⡣
ҲǵܣںģǰУû˿ǡ
ڣã˺˵ۿĻɫ滨ΪΪЦ˵ָоŸҪˣָоġ
ĸģۿĸˣҲеš
ŷ˵ĻʵǲǸоʲô
ҸоͲ²⣬˵㿴ǲ˺͵
˵Ϊء
ǵõ˵˵ǺֲֲԲ룬ũ޼ʥѾɾ޼лһƽħʥˣ㿴Ҫǵڶħ޼ʥǲ˵ԲԲˣǺʱ𣿡
ףۿţо
ȷԲѹڷеĺǣǾܳˣ
ˣ˵ĺܶԡۿһ󼤶ԽԽ
ԣǶڵǷ޼ħ޼֡ҷϣħ޼ʥ˿֣ΪԤʾţҵĺҪˡ˺˵
ۿ˺˵ˣô룬Ԥġ
͵ػȻʣԼҲҪڴħ޼֣ԤʾԼĺҪˡ
ʣĸ󣡡
ʱ
ֻһӢüĿ˹
СʮҲ½ѹ׼ʥڵĸ֣ʬδһ
ǴǰʮպУΨһһģҲǱ崫²ĴˣѵŶ
˵˸ıˣ̫ԭ켣У½ѹܲҡ
ĸˣ˾ųɣսλΨһҴ̫ӣû۵̫ӡ
ɱĲҪŮҲնݳˡ
ԭ켣У½ѹϵŮҰĺܴһֱָٹ⡣
󱻷źƣŮ洳˷ӣҲǸģ档
ȻҲ˵ĺʧܣûһöѡ
һԴӾŸ󣬸ĵ͵ۿ˺Ϳĺϸ񣬼½ѹĴС
ǿĸţ˿һ׼ʥڵĸ֣һܶһĶԡƷǻ۵ȶܲ
һܺϸ̫ӣҲһĽӰˡ
⣬ʮֵĵ͵͵þûˣֱСס
ʣĸЦʲôС½ѹʵ
Сʮˣôûʦ𣿡ۿĿԼĺӡ
Сʮ涼ܺãԼΨһֵýĵطҲǾŸʧԼİο
ʦ˵ȥģѺˡС½ѹԴһܲõϰ߱ʾڡ
ôԴΪ˵ٴˣǲõϰߣ̫ӣôѹ£ۿΪһϸҲǸȸۿתĺܺá
ۿΨϲСʮԼǰӣо̫ˣⲻá
ˣСʮǰ㻹ô˺Ͱ˵ۿһۡ
ۿһƣȻŮʱ˵㲻ܵģղŻ簮ŸӣºԼպǳСʮˡ
ۿҰοðɣĸ׶еġȱ㡱Ҳ
ĸ󣬸˵öԣǺĴСʮ½ѹܻۿΧ
ߣۿһ⣬ǲֳܱ
ۿʵμʦʲôջ񣿡
ʣûʲôջʦֻǼ˺һ棬˵ǴǰټҪ飬˳㿴
ټǰ⣿뿪ܾ𣿡ۿͿˡ
뿪ܾˣԼ֪ģôǰټԼĺ
ʦ˵ħԨ˼ѣһ۵ʮ꣬۵С½ѹ
ȿȡ
ۿһƣ϶еûŰһ۵ôãԼæҪ
ҰڰԼʲôʱڳʱ䣬ｻ󱲺ǣԼҲȥҰף
뻹ˣʱ䲻ܣǵڵʱڡ
˵֣ʱԼɲҪС
ʱǷŲµġȵɵûвħƽ⣬ĵķչãʱʱԼܽѡ
ʱҰףͷκ磬ǧС磬
ͦģĿǰۿˡ
ת뵽˵ټЩǰǵ˵ģԼѺ˳㻹ЩǰҲټͬ⡣
ţšۿ˼ʼӡ
ǣȻˣ
ʲô
͵һߺȣõۿŵòᡣ
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Żţɺͳۿһǳ⣬ʵΣԼһ
ĸ˵ŸҪˣһʱûס
ۿ˵ʲôˡ
ûĸ²ûΪҲоħ޼ʥ˵ǷԲʱ̣ʱŸҪˡ
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ֵʮˣһĻĵ߸ޱȵľ޴
Ҫһۿ˺̫ͣİûȥȥ˺ڰ֮
ҪЩС½ѹᾭԭ켣еһУ޺ʹʧ
ʧĿʼûԲĵģʱμǵĳޣŮͶŵľٶҲ˵ͨˡ
͵Ķ֮·

һˣΪδžۣ˷ܵʱ̡
˶ĺܲ
ȻһѹϮԴͷǷ磬ԴͷһŨħϢգѹ
ħޣħһճɾͷħ޼أ
꣡س
¡ǻضС
ħ޳ɾ޼ˣ̷ũ֮󣬷ĵڶ޼ˡ
ɽʥû̫ĲΪԤ⵽ˣԶԶȲũɾ޼𺳡
ֻû뵽ô죡
磬ħӪУ
ӪǷʮݡǿգһϤѹϯݳ
ħʥ˳ˣ֮ǰũ޼ʥˣƺϰˡ
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һɫڤڤжǽħ޵Ľš
ħ޺ũһһе׼˵ɾ޼һ̣ǰҰĺһ̺ͷ編ںϵɲǣеûˡ
ħ޼ʥˣػĵĹǳͷһжԷƻƿߡ
ˡص
Ǻ޾ɫʧħ޵ʧħӪһء
Ȼţȴ˻ȣũ޼ħβ˵ġ
֪һҲ޷ũ޼֣ô룬˭Ұ
޼ʥˣǺĽĶ⣬˭Ļţ
һǽˣħ޼֣ɢˡ˵ħ޳ɾ޼´ӪһƬǡ
һ̣
ħ޳ɾ޼ѹոյɢȥһ𶯷Ĵ¼ˡ
ļã
̧ͷյľգֲһˣ
պԷ;ˣһ̣͵һâǣĻţôˣ
˵ǣʱ̹עɽʥ˶һȣΪ仯
ƺʲôҪ

ҾŸĺ
ΨӪУһҹһĳХХû˿ڸǣɽ硣
ǵۿ
þûôʧ̬ĲѹҹһĳХˣɽʥеü
ѵ
ɲǣɽʥ뵽ʲô



1032 ܣߵĿ
ǾŸС𣿡
૵
Ϊս壬Ƕ⣬˵ھġ
Ͼ˽ԼԶУС
廹һսǿȺ
ӦǾŸС쵰ͺˣҲǿ˵Ĺ˵û뵽ŸС쵰ڱųˣ׷䣬ǺĴսĹȥþúþˡ
ţ˵ͷ̲ס׷˼ź
ڷţе㲻
ŸС쵰Ҫˣ⿴ȥ
᲻ֻ𣬴ǰԼơ
һ뵽ƣ뵽ʦܣʦûˣꡣ
˷ǣŸСڶҪˣƶɮʦȴҲ֪ôˣ֤Ҫã
ŸСڳҲ£Ҳ޷ҷȻȥˣŽʱǻŽġ
뵽ˣʵûʲôġ
ݹۺ֣֮֮ᷢʱǷޡ
һûʱһء
ûЩûĳɥ֮ȮģûĹӲд
Ѿˣû˲䣬죬ǿĶ룬÷Ų
ֻڲ֣ǰĴ̫ˡ
ȻҲܵĵطǲǰħ޳ɾ޼ɣħޣɲǴǰԼŵħ
£ħԷŵĲ͸ҪǵİܷŻܲҡ
κΣܿܣħ޼ʥˣŵûˣִ򲻹ֲֻҰοάֵӡ

ڷ䣡
ড
ļã
ֻһХ𶯡
ƼͷīᡢΪ顢һơ
ǵǳձ仯ʱħѾ֪ʲôԭˣԼȺȦˡ
ƣôǣ
̫ôᷢডĳХѵⷲҲһ
ͷ˼ˣնǽ۲
Ƽϲ֣̽ͨ̽ĥɡ
֮粻ãǾͶԷ壬һЩΥͳһ۵۲
ǻ˺ܶ˼̽飬ÿһǿմ½һľ޴塣
ܵ壬ֻ˵˼
ܱ߻зķӻ˭ƻ
һ̣ǵ߸ķ֣տǾŸ
ôͣôǿ
Ȼʼ̽ϣɱķ֣ǵϿ⿴ȥϺܶ࣬Ҫȴһס
ڵ߻ܣ̫
Ψһܣܣɽͷ֪ܡ
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ʵǿƼħҲʼ̽ˡ
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䡪
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յ̫֣һֻڣɢȵĹâͽɫĻ棬ӾŸ̫
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ʿ˵˵֪ܣ֦ͬǲħȵͬˣһħĴͷʦ
⣿ʿˣԼӪͷһˡ
˵˵ɡⳤ˵
ʵԱɣһģ޾еϣֻȻħߣ
ԣÿҲǲһģеĺͺĵ׽еֱӾǷ棬ħ
Щ飬ҲйͬƵ㣬ԪӡŮ洵ʥԼڤӡȣսǰĺʷǼͬġ
̫Ԥ䣬˵ЧӦ
˵޾棬ǧ磬ʥ˴ܵ
ЩǺһתżʱʥ˻ǿǸӦˡ
Ӧ֮ͨԼ룬һֵʥϣ˸棬С缸ͬ
ЩĴƵģϸ΢һ
ʿ˵ڴ˵ǵ˵Ϲʱİʵۿ˺͵ľŸӣΪ˷գڣɽ̫ӡ
˵꣬Ȼ˷ˡԣԣǾŸֺģϹŴˣǶˣôǾŸ̫
Ҳ˵Ϊ̫ʿ
Ϊ̫ǻˣ㿴ϡ˵
ʿҾͲ֪ˡ
ʿƣԼȷǾŸС̫ôָأ
ȿȣĪҪˣӪˣô˵һħĸ˵
ƺŸѾյûô򵥣Ÿһδεĳ·һâȵܣһָƽ
һ飬ôŲϱ仯ľպӰڡ
ľۼ˺ܶˡ
ǶڹעΪغǵ档
ʱֻһӪĽɣ˹
Ӫħ׷ɣǸһѡĻᣬ˷ָûбĸλ˵һ£ⷲյ
˺ܽнĵԼӪǿܱȵġ
л
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лˡ
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ȿȣҾ˵˵ǲҪ죬ϸͺˡһ˵ôС֣ҲҪģǷĻᱻƻģ赣ġ
⻰˵꣬ܶջʿ˿ͺãӰ췲վͺá
ڶ㣬յı仯Ƿ羭޼ʥ˳ʥԲı־Ǻõһ棬ѣҲԷˡҲ˵ΪԲвоյı仯λûַ𣿡
˵꣬Żعϸһ̽飬ǡ
ħ޼ħʥ˸ճʥǻûü̽ͳ˾յı仯˻ûȥ̽顣
Ӫĸһ˵Ǿãȷˡ
⣬˵ı仯仯̽鲻
㡭
ֽĵǹغһϹʱܣϹʱʥʮӣŸҲͷľգֲԼ򷲽ʥԲҪˣ

ǲ˼飬
Ȼǽھ̫ӣģҪȥúһ
ԭˣǾŴ̫ӣ



1033 絮
䡪
¡
ড
ֻվձȵĹâɢ˽⡣
ϳӰڣڳ
ʱֻһתʱ֣ͨδ֪֮أӭӵǾŸĽڡ
ŸƺõٻһͷʱУʧָƽ
֤һĻķԼͨӪĽľ
Ǵ;ɢˣ֮ûӰǣֻⲻ˵㾪Ŷѡ
¡
ֻɽ磬һʱͨȻڿС
ţ˸Żǽ˸ϵĽ˸ɽƺ˺ܶࡣ
ɽ߲㶼֪ľŸСڣҲû⡣
ʱȥģҪװȥ⣬ȥֹŸСһĽ˸ôۿͶ̫һԼܻƴ
ɽ˺ͷ˵ϢȻǼٵģó˺ͶԼŸӵ۰
ড
ŸСڸָһͷ˶ǵõĺ

ҿĺ
һĵϲб
Ǻεĵۿڸֵַۿʧ̬ˡ
ǵۿһž۵ӣû˻ʱҲʹ죬ŸСһǧŶӪȥ

ɽ
ŸСһˣ˵ʱҵʥڵŵ¾ŸСһ䣬ʱƶҲǱ˲ٿأǺǣ
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һԪӡŮ洵ȶһ׷䣬ǻصǸʱ
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ʣµ˲ˣĺ޲TԼ
ĸںСµģĪ˵СǵۿǶں
ǣħ޼
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⻰޲Tû佱ǳЦԼˮһա
ȫ̫ѹ޼ҲԼˣԼʧܡ
뱾ıõ㣬ʥ硢ǰֻ޻ʡĳȵȣǸ̫ͺѹĲ򡣡޲T
˴ǰһ˵ģͬ乥̫
̫ڣֿʼ໥ˡ
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ԣ˵ĳҲС
ȿȣ۵۵ĪҪ㣬λѡĺæС
ǣĺˣУĺϼ
һ̫׷ɱ˰ĵģģ޲TҲĺӣ
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ǣȥ첻аⶼҪˡ
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Ȼ֪£ǡ
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ԣͺµĺ̫һˣȻ
ҡҡͷÿûϣҲУһ̫߰ˡ
ǵģҵȷе㺦ˣǲױѹʮٵʹ࣬Ҽϣʱ㣬ֻأڸȥûУȻĵ˵ңеˡ
᲻һ
ӱѹôãĳŵأأ
ҡҳ鲻ʱ䣡ˡ
ʵˣȷԼûȥȳԼҲù
̫ͺ͸նɱ˵һֻ޻ݣڶյ˵ûͱ̫ץסˣܹ
ǰ鲻ʱ䣬Ǻǡ˵ˣȥ͹ȥˣҺ̫һĸоû˵Եοһ޵гɵļһϵ벻κһԵɣҲұѹ̫ˣ޾û
𡭡
ɢ
ôĸһܺƽѣ˵һ໥ˡ
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Щߺĸȥѣɾ˵һȥ
֮޲TħԨָ徲
Ȼ޲TͽĲᡣ
ֻǾ仰ˣһ޵е̫ɾε̫ôԣ
ô
ɵ֮ǲںģʹǰֻһȥ޾С磬ɵ̫ҲҳȻϷˣĸɵ㡣
ɵ̫£ûκεɼˡ
޲Tܣ˵ʹ
޲Tеһյĸоħ޳ɾ޼Ĳˡ
ԼĲ֣ɽ˹¼ҹˡ


Զڴ֮ӵľͷһδ֪֮ء
ǻδеĿռ
̫˻籾Դ۵˲ʧȥʶ
֪ʱΪΣ֪ȥ˶á
Ҿǻ磿
̫ʶڰִ֧ļۻָ˺ܾãϸ۲촧Ħúʳɻ
Լʧˣ˵Լһ־壬Լ־壬ǧ۵ǻۡ
ӸԴͷ˵Ϊûǻ־ġ
̫˺ܾãȷԼǵ־
ִĦ˼򣬹˺ܾúܾá
еȷˣԼʶںһ޴ͻһ
ԼУǧۺһǻ۵ĵ
̫Լǲǿ飿
ⲻ̹˵ģսʤԼңǰδ
ԼǰһͨˣĻǧ۳ɵĵǻۡ
ԼǰǵǰԼδڣ֤
ֵĲ˼⣬̫
̹ŵ˵벽ݣ֤Ŀǰҡҡδҡҵǰôͳ˻ǻأ
ѵҵǰǼٵģ̫еãˡ
ĸң
ĸȻ
ףĸң˵ҾǶȹ˵һ飺ңҵĿ飿
ˣҵĿ͸ǰң
ǣתˣǲ֪ǰǵ࣬ǻۣ͸̫һꡣ
һյʶײײ˿ڵĻ羹Ȼһ
ã̫һ
˴˿̵Լ̫ǻʶ
Լʶײڻıҡ
¡
ꡪ
ɿƵıң̫ƿصıһƬڵĻУ͵һϽɫ׵硣
һֳֵ̫һֹ˼
δУ
⣿
ֱ̫ˣ
Ͻɫ׵磬ǻk˻磬Ҳѻݡ
Ͻɫ׵ʹʧˡ
Ǵ޵Уޣҵʶڣ˼ײײϽɫ׵磬Ͻɫ׵һ޵еɱ䣡˵ԴϽɫ׵µݱ䣿
͵һ̫һ̾ұڵģ
˿ݣ־ݣһʧˡ
Ͻɫ׵ᣬ޵еĻδУȴһݱ䡭
ǻ״̬
̫ζٴʶ͸ҹȥʱ̣Ҳοĵһ顣
ڣһԴ㣬ʶײʶϽɫ׵磬Ͻɫ׵˻
˵ûл磬ֻһĪʶʶײϽɫ׵֣ǻ


1034 ʥգҿɽ
¡¡
Уǧ
ܴԶȥʮʮǧ磬һ޴ì£ת
мĳìʮ粻켣ᣬʮΧųìת
֮ǰǰ֣޼ʥ˴¶θƵĴѹ
ϾʮصģǱŲɹʵͷġ
ʮǧ磬ȫûй˼ɵʱرеתӶṩ޼ʥ˺ʮʥˡ
ȴУȻǾųɵıԴתԼǧ磬һɵıԴӳ֡
һиҰѻʵ̬ȣʮǧƸ۵ĲȥںڵתȴС
ʮתĶû˿Ρ
֮أʮ޴תһɻصķ籩
̫չصİ󣬷ħ޳ɾ޼ʥʮʮСжˡ
ƺܵ˴ָ֪˿̵̫˶״̬˺޹˼ɵʮǧ磬ƴ
֮һƬɱ
ںģв֪Σڿ
ħ޳ɾ޼ŸС
壬žۺͻֵĺľŴ̫ӣڹˡ
̫һǸԵʥˣŸֶĻع飬ݺᡣ
ҲΣҪԼɩӣôͷʮֶҲʮֶѡ
ڣڰ˺ܶࡣźǣŸֶͲˣΪֻнɺڵĲΡ
ѹ޾Уûн
ۿ̫һŻľŸӣʮֵѪԽŸӵ
ʮȥˣ˾ҵҵŬ£Ÿ˺Դѻ̫ҽɺڣԲʵΪ̫ҽԲ
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Ψе㵨Сų˲ϲ룬˱ľбѹʹ࣬˭ѳͳɸӶء
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޷Ƕ޼ʥˣŸСѹĵûз¼
꣬۵İ꣬ȻҪ֤ˡ
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ҮͻļԴâȥֻܹλҪ֪ǸհħƿأĻѵãǲٻصȥˡ
ȿȡһܣ
ΪҮͻ˵ʲôԼװ׵ڴˣһӡţˣѹ֪ħ˿Ļ
ˣҮͻ¡۵ĵ
ʲô£ҡ
㣬ԣ㡣Үͻ¡ޱĵ
ҮͻȦˣԼ˵ʲô
Ϊڤļһһֿ׳һĿ⿴Լɵǲȥ޲Tˣ
޴ڤҲȥˡ
Үͻᶯӣ治֪ʲôȲ˵һʱһʱʱƣ֪
ЦҮͻ㣬ӪȥüǰɽȥҺ浱ɽޡеɢ˵ȣȥֻǰɽʣħʲôֿЩ޼ʥˣ
㣡ԣôܣҮͻȻˣ
ʮħʹԼʥ˵ȣȻ
룺Լڤǵǻ۲
ǻǱȲˣôһ˵꣬Ƕٻһġ
ȷΪΪ˿ܱѣƿغĵĵڼ䣬Ϊ˱ס治ֺԼСƺ޼ǰɽǱȻġ
㲻ж˼Ҳжġ
Լ˻ڵħ浱ɽأڤӡϴѾ뵽ôԶˣ
ǲȥˣҲã⶯ӵҲ츳ģˣ
͡ڤһЦӹĻ
ôܣҮͻôܣƿ߲ڣΪ˱ס棬ΪβʱҿɽοⲻʱǵҲܼɽ˵ܣҾĵΪǰƻĻ쵰û𣿡
㡪Үͻˡִ򲻹ֲֻܰˡ
ˣڤλѼ۵ĵ
ȫʤ
λʱڱ䣬ǲһɲ䣬һɲĴ̭νһʱһʱ֮ǰǰħƿأɽΥǵķչѵǻΪħ浱ɽǻصƿߵʱ
ģǵĴͷˡ
Ǹħô˼׬ȡ£ϴΪףħǻǲܾģ
СҲ²ǰټλǰʲôǿɿϢ֪λǰӦ˵Ҫ󣬾Ǻһػģ
˵ʲôһö˵˵ЩǰػĵǰᣬȻǲɷĺô
ЩǰԸǵȷǵĶ֣ҲôĻĺģûкôػģ
ԣħ浱ɽħ涨ǻӦϴջͣԼһջĶࣻ
ңеĺôħõҪĹͣħı²ƣħȡ棬ȫİ취
Ҿã֤ʼǾħ浱ɽ
ǣסϵĴͷˣǵħĿܺСҪμǣ
ħܰȻںģʱǰһȥݷã˵ħЩǰĳѾˣ˵ͬ»ˣ
Ͷħ棬ǺͺԼŸɣҪǰҪʱƣðɣ˵ˡ

ʣ

һϯȻʣ

άˣҮͻ˵󣬿ʼչԼǻۣ˵ǵ뷨һ
ҮͻˣıȲˣ˵ŷ֣Լǻ۲ʺϸı飬
ѣ̾ڤӵǻֵۣôϺ꣬Լ⣬˻
Ҳ뷨ۺħ˭׽ȻԼˡ
ڤӵȷǻۣħ浱ɽħԼħᣬܺڤˡ
˿̣ûжͷڤĿΪΪ
ţͰڤλ˵ġ²˳٣һȥħԨݷħ棬ħ浱ǡϡĿɽȡ򣬻ǵ˵֣Ƕ֮ˡ
һ˴
˺ħ߲ΣȥħԨ
һĻߺˡ
ӪеĻţֻܰռƻȥüǰͺˡ
˵úӦ
ΨӪе㵣ǣ֪ܲüǰӦ
ڻеڶѡڶѡǽüǰӦµĺ֣ϣò


1035 ǻѹһң
ħԨ
ҵȰݼħ棨ǰ
һڶʮһʥˣȴ֤ħݼ޲T
޲Tƺ֪Ҫûбֳȡ
̬ȣڤ˿Ȼħ棬ѾԤϵˡ
Գֶʮ׼֤ģҪŶ֮󣬿ħѾ㵽ˡ
Ѳʥ޵еʱ޼ʥ޵еʱ
˿̵޼ʥˣʼʥһǲս
һĻò˵úܶе꣡
ʥǣò׳ɾʥˣ˺ǿĴڡ
תʥûãѾʥǵڶεʱˡ
ΪҺСҲˣӦˡ޲Tˡ
Ȼ˵ĲӦˣû
ǻ۵֣˵쾡¡
ֵȻҲõǣ˱ĲΣͳζѾûҪοȼǱһ֮УȷģΪȣΪȿɽΪ׬ȡͱ֤ȸṩȡ͵
⻰˵꣬ڤ⣬ʮֺա
ò˵ǻ۵ĲܴħҲ״˵һ
ǰ˵ͳǣֻϵ쵼
ⷬʵħԲ˵ģħ˵ˣͱΣҲ˽˫̽
Կ˵ֻϵĿɽǵͳ졣
Ҫ˵ˣߵĹϵܴӺʼʹ໥״̬
ħԼ˵ˣͻΣҲûҪ໥̽ľ
ҵȰлħ档ߵ׵
ǽԴϲħû뵽ôɾʹﵽĿġ
˵ǺħһˣħħͿɽ
޲TҲʼչԼǻۣʵ˱ǻб׼𣿡
⣿һ棬˼ǲ
޴˵˱Ϊħɽǻ𣿡
ģˣ
ħ޼ɣҪ
ô㲻޴㣬ǿ뵽ֶΣԼӪֶΣ޲T
棬뵽ˡȻɽҲ᲻üǰɢԼеȣҽǰش
Ǻǣеǻۣش޲Tֻ뵽ĸϼһһ˼һӪû˵ɡˣĸϼһҲ׽Զ϶ü׽ѵ벻üѹ棿
˻
ʥˣû뵽һ㡣
Ҫħ˵ԼԻԴ
ħǿǶüǰ͵氡ǿɲħһǵøɵ¡
԰ȥҽŵ̬ҽҲΪħĿɽܺԼĲУħ·硣
ǣǣܲ
ôˣѵΪݲ½˵浣Ľҵķ⣿
ҵȲҡһţôġ
˵һǻۣ̫ˡΪȣԽǿԽãǵùҹֻ뱾ǵùҹΪβñ·ߣ
ֵɢ޺еڲҪǫãǰˣ·ߣѽȡôǻ۸ǣ׼ٶ࣬ôǿ󣬶ܱ֤԰ȫǣҲ޵Уԣ˵
ʥһ亹
Ȼħ棬Ǿ
ñ·߲ĿģҪľһ㡣
ħ˵ĺܶԡ
ҪüǰͺǰüȥģԼһֻħһ˲еġ
Ҫȥ뽫ǰԼһռ޼λܲɹǲһͿء
ǣ棬ǰ
޲Tû˵꣬ʹˣ
ҪСĽǲȥȥͳɢСЩƹ棬ĽܴӦŹ֣ͱǺͺüܸоսȤġ
޲TŵЦ
Щ϶̫ˡ
ħҪӽȥԻȥȥ޲TڣڽҲ
Ϊûо޲Tǿ
οܺüԣ̫Խθˣ޲úüһ
ħź󣬷ħˡ
ǰԼ˸ǻѹĸ죬ħǻѹˡ
Щ϶ΪʲôǿԭģΪ߻ǻ۸ߣС
ǰ˵ֻҪǺͬǰöȥһ飬Ȳ˵Щǰǵ𾴺Ŭڤһ
Ǻǣڤӣ
ڣ
СӣһܿãȻֲ̫϶Ҳǣܲ޲T
ҲڤӺܿã̫ˣԼǰ¾ûôġġ
лǰ佱ڤ
ǿ佱˵ȷ˵֮ǰĪҪΪֻ̫ϵǰͱϵҲܺãͻĹϵֻ̫̫̫αȥģʣ
䡢ڮ̫޲Tճ
ܱһ
лԿó̫ѵûԭģǷǸë
ǣǣڤһ亹
˵ǰ˾Ϳˣǣ𰡣治𰡣
ƺ˵ľȣ޲Tڤ˵Ķԣĺ桢üͺǶȥһ飬Ȳ˵Ӧе𾴺ҫǿǻµϣǽǳҲ˼ٻµ档
꣬ĵ
˶ѣ˵ܲҪƤҪ˭
ü桢鳼ǰҪƤҲİ
룬ȥ
ˣȻ˾ȥɣ밴ǰСӵǻۣӺüָ㣬Ҳݷñģȥɡ
ǣ
סһȥаյģĹѡ
ǣ
ȥɣ޲T˻֣ȥˡ


ںɽ޲Tһ
ʥݷãɽƿͷλá
Ǹϲ鷳ˣǸ֮ļʯˡ
ϲ鷳һ㣬ΪΪ˽׳ĹͣܲӦ
޲Tһʮֵʹ죬˺֧Уȫݷһ¡
޲T˵ģڳС̬Щǰ˼Сº֣
ʥҲඥʼж
ȥüħ˽źĵԨ
ԨǴǰºƺĵģ˻صĴս
̫أ̫λ⣬û˸פ㡣
ó˽Ȼɽص׵ܰ
Ĳã˵Ѿ˸춴ء
ǣǽӺĺŲģеĻǴ޾Сġ
⣬ǳ̫⣬ԴģԨԴ㣬ٲȻһԴĸ춴ء

п˵ţԣӦ˵һСݷá
ԨĽ΢΢һЦ
汻޲T˵ˣҪСһﲻ
ҽǲ
ã㿴ңҾͲˣС˭Ȳǰġ
֮˾ͺá
ǲ޲T֧УⲻҪҪ̬ȡ
Уһ˼󣬷Լ治ϲɢ޺Сϵˣ޲T˵ƹ棬ͳǸ
޲TϣȥüӲأսֵҲ塣
һ㣬˵޲TǺĻҺͻ
ǽǺ췴ԴȪüƷġ
޲TҪ׺ݣ޲Tƿغģĵġ
һһ£
ǣԴӱ̫δĺܲҺӿ˺ĵδԼ˳޺󣬽ˡ
췴ǲܳɹģ̫ڣܳɹ
Ȼǳ޼ɡ
ִ򲻹췴ֲɹȻҼǣһ
뷨ڶˡ
Ϊδ˼ĽΪ˺ͺ޲Tһˣһ
ңһʱ󣬷治̹
Ѱ˼ƷĶգʱ̵Ǳ̫ҵһ١
û˰ȫԼºһһڡ
ΨһҪģǺС𾴺;
˾𾴵ˣĿǰ׷
ʵĽ޲TüˣΪ˲ΣȻһСϹϾá
ں̫͸ĽˡԼﲻǺ̫ˣӹ̫ݳΪƿߣȻ޾µĶ飬Ǳӻֻ޾ºܴ̫
Ȼⲻʵ
ܴﵽü޲TС𾴣ͺˡ
Ļܾˣû뵽ԴӷƷĲ췴ͷӺҲˡ
ⲻһħСˡ
￴ó̫޲TɹˣҲ췴ͷӽˡ
Ĵۺۣһ٣һ٣һһεĽ͸ˡ
˭˵ⲻ̫Ĺͣȥ̫յģһӣһͷġǽ˺ܶ׳ٺͳɾ͡
ԽԽã췴ԽԽ١

ߵǰ
ɣ
һ֣չ֡⡱㣬˶ʮһʥˡ
ǵҴ֪ڴ֮ǰмҪ֮Ѹģ
⣿ʥһȦҲˣ
ôôϺꣿ
ͷ滵в˻ˣǻû˵أôһҲð
ãȻפģ֮Ͳˣ͹ȥնϣһָһݣֻ棡
ҵȰݼֻ棡
ʥԹ޹Թޣǲɵԣֻظĵˣͬݼ
˸ĵŵԭ
޷ǽŻĺĲᣬΪϴףĻֻ档
˵ֻ޻ʡ֣ҲѺĻĲᣬ̫ԶˣԶĶˡ
ǡ֡ԱȺֵֻĻ̶Ҫһ㡣
ħʥһˣΪһ˼ɢأ
ΪΡħ棬ѵԴȪֻ棬췴ͷӣԴȪ⣿ΪǵĿɽǻħʥ˲뵽
뵽ˣħʮһʥ˸оΡ
Ͳа첻㣡
ôԼˣǸö
ҡ
ңòħǻÿҲĻħʥļһΡ
Ȼһ˲һţǺö㣡
ˣ˭𿴲˭ƶˣ


1036 ໥̨
ú󡭡
Ĵ޼ʥ֮һ棬ѸĸĵΪֻ档
֮ѡɽΪħĿɽ
һжģħȻĴ޼Уռ
֯Уɢ˺еˣʱˡ
Լ໥ָȨأĸ޼ѾϷˣ
ﻹûϵɢ˺еʱɵˡ
ڴڼ䡣
ҲӪɵˣҪüǰ
򲻺Ұüǰ̫ˡ
ڣ첻ˣҵһλ廢ʥˣ
ûٵصʥˣһѹ֪ʥˡ
ʥ˿֤ض𶯣λ廢ʥˣû©
˿޼ʥ˵ǿ
޼ʥˣԭҪÿ
Ǵ֣Ӫüɽͷ
ڣüҲǸįˣĸ޼ʥ˱Ҫվⲻغ̫ŵԣغԼǰ̡
Ȼħ޲TֻأԼҪǲվˡ
廢Ĵ£һӪҵü
ӪüɽʱüҲûжٵԥ
ѡΪӪĿɽ
ңӪϲӪü̫ĵֶΡ
ӪҲδܳɳΪħĴ
ڿӪħԶħĴս˼ѣӪȻ׳
ΨһõĵطǣӪħŽۣҲ
Ӫ֣עⲻһŽ۵֯˵ǵĸ߲ԼһϲҰ׵ˡ
֮ôУȱҲԣʺԼ
ҴӦˣɡ
üЦüĴӦӪ
ۡĸЄߵ˿üǰɽˡ
˿֪ܲǸ߲ʥ˺
ǿģǵĪ
ǣ֮µһˣǰλüǰ
ǴӸַ棬üǰǵ֮µһˡ
ҵлǰҵȡ
Ǻǣ㣬Ǵֻء޲Tɽˣ治ɽС˱棿οɽҲԼ뷨ͿǣӪϱĵģǺ
ȵˣ
üֵ̫齨ӪΪƽħ˵ռƣӪδܹ
üǸǼ˵
ħƵܣ޼ʥ˼룬ôǿƣӪܿơ
ڵõϢˡ
õüĿ϶üú󽫻ƼߴӪ
֮⣬üóԶĿ⣬ָ㡣
ú󡭡
γˡ
޲TֻشħüӪ
ʱ硣
֮ǰҲ磬ĸ޼ʥ˵ļ룬ʽΪǿĴڡ
Ϊ޼޵У޼
ÿ
һ̹ᦣƿء
ӣʥƿء
̫ͼ̫µĺУɷ޼ƿء
޼ȷǿݵԭ͹ƣȱ˺ܶԡ
ߡħ˵Ž赽׾١
Ȳ˵ʥˣ˵޼ǵǰͯӣħޣħ¡
Ψһ޼ũһǶԵ˱ϹϾ
λ޼棬赽׾٣ŶӲҪġ
ħһࡢŲ٣ڤҲ٣޵ǣ϶ǵһһ
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죡
ĸ޼ʥ˵Ĵ£һ̸С
صֲ£ѡϺң
Ԫӵ飬Ϊ̫뿪Ŀǰǿģò¸ҡ
ҪΪȡôοϿʦ̫ġ
ǿۣʷϵһʢ
ĳ̫⣬ʥ˺޼뼯һá
ܶʥεķ֣ΪԼܲǿμϺ֣ʥûʲô˲
ֻͲı׼ڳĶʥˡ

лλǰ٣лλң
ʯֵģԪѹģ˷ֹ
ʯ˵꣬üֻء޲T˵˵ͷʾˡ
ʥˣȴԵúܿ͵
λǰżɽ˴Σ˵Ϊ˶ʮλ֤ʵΪȡȺžãһ
ʯӲѹ˵ܴ󵨣ռȵ
üͺеüֻغħȴе㲻ˡ
ʯСޣ˵˵ɡ˵Ǹʯѹ
ʵڳĶףȿʼҶܽܡ
ҪɣҪչ˵ӣΪӺ͵ģǶҪһ¡
л档ãô˵ǵµģοŲԣΪƽҲ˵Ĺȥˣħ˭ȿʼ⡣
оݣʯ˵꣬ǽˡ
ǣźܶడ
߸߸ˣٶҪʮꡣ
졢ç¡ɽȪ˲ű
ҲգŵһҲã˵ģ̹ᦺ̫ͼϵ͸ӵġɡźҲɡֵ
˻˵꣬ˡ
ֲõԸʯѹԭǴ⡣
У治ͬ⡣޲T˵ĳȺħ޺춼Ǳ¡ħںεأߣ
ȿȣ٣Ҫǵڶɡüɢ˵˾䡣
ʲôһ㶣
ǵãζʮӪ
ɽСǴӪСӪˡ٣λѸΣüȻɢĵ
⣿
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һ
ôͲ֪䣬Ӫأ
Ȼüǰճɽ͸ߴô
üֵţҾŵһ̫ѲڣµġοҵȲ̫ܿѲڣ۸£ŵһȫԣϵɽΪɢĵģϵɲ۸£̫ѻϵüֵ
ɢģħ޼ơ
϶ûȺԼͿʼվһˡ
üĻֱˡ
ŵһ߾һԵڶΣѣ
ȿȣȫԣ
ޣ϶ⲻܡֻص
ԼҪվˣ첻㣬Ķܴ󣬼û¿޼ʥҲ¡
ʱȡħСøеֶΣֻǿӲˡ
ǿӲ-Ѫ-ֻء
ʥȫȦˣûвĵطĸ϶ڳƤ飬ԼҲ찡
̫۸ʥˣʥ˼ֱûеλ
ʯΪ˵⣬ʣµʥȫưˡ
ҪûЩ϶öáһ亹ôʦأ
ҪûЩ϶Ҳܳͷɡħڤ롣
϶̫Եˣ˵ĻᣬӪʥ롣
ʥ˼Ĭ
ֻŶ˳Ƥһʱеû
ʥǾҪɵʲôеܡǣַ޵Ŀ⣬ʩչۣͨ

ܡ
ֻأҷ˵һ飿ϵҽѵ㣿˺ĵĻû˵Ļᣡ
αӣ浱㡣

ߵڶҪˡ
ħӦ
ȥһ
ȥȥ㲻ɣ
ְ


ȿȣ
λǰɷ˵һ䣡ʯһ亹
ĳǣ޼ʥ˲εĭĴҷɣǾ
Լ֪ǲǺܡˡ
޼ĭòᡣ
룺ĸ޼ʥ˵һ˵ʱ򣬿ȥǰ𾴣ǰɽֹΪξһôΪϲأ
룺ǲǱòᣬлˡ
룺Ҫȥ򣬾ȥһǣҫĸ
ʯΣ
ȿȣеΡ
ǣǣСʯ˵
ţ˵ɣ
ͨ͵طָղʹ죬þûôˬˣˣͬεĶ磬Ȼо졣
оܲδܾʣֻᶨȻܶࡣ
üͺֺãû뵽ž޲ģ١
λǰôִ鲻λǰϢŭǣ硭
µģа취˵
˵ɣ˵Ҳ㡣
ǣʯҲû취ֻεǩɣ
ۡ
ȿȡ
ڳʥЩûסǩ뷨
ĸ޼ʥ˳ǩĸͨǰ׵ġ
ǡ
ף뷨
У
Ҳò
ƣ

ʥķ־Ȼˣ
Ϊʲôôʹ죿
ʥһ˼Ȼ֣μʵһʽ塣
ʲôΣҪ𣿶ʥ˵ʮҪһ㶼Ҫ
޼ʥ֮Ըղ໥ڣʲôΪ໥ᡣ
һȳ
ûȳ
Ϊ˽ȳҵ޼ɽ󣬵һۣΪľȳ
Լֻʥˣںʮĵȴοĸǰ
λǰ໥ڣʵΪչִڸУҲ͸¶һ˼˼ǣϵĿɽΪСǿǻȥˡ
ʥǻȻΪĸǰô𱬣ôˡ
ԭĸϺͶˡ
Ĭ໥̨ΪǸԼ˿ġ
֮ղŵˣûĻͨˡ
Ȼ뵽Щǻۺܸߵʥˣħĸǿ벻˷ܾȡ
ǩЦľȴһͨ
üֻء޲TĬһЦһδ̨໥Բ
ڱСͿСɣ
οΪϣǸˣСô
֮󡭡Բ
ųţʣʮ˳ǩ˳ˡ
ܴһת۵ľۻᡣ
мʶǻ۸ʥˣʼ˼ˣνѣĸɽҪˡ
䲻֪λ޼ǰĿʲôѹեɾԼ˵ġˮѰĸɽߡ



1037 ػ
ס
󻤷Ϊһ˿֤
һĻ˵Ĳţʼˣڿ֤ڼ䣬Ի
ʱȥ̫ˣٴġޡҲɢˣοô˵ʼ˵ĺӡ
ңһʱǰʼ޷Բľԭǵʱĺͼ˷Ŀɳ
֪ǡû䣬ʱʼ˱ѹ򣬵ȴܵܳ
κ컯ŪˣҲ˵˵֧䣬ѱĿͽѡ񲻼壬Ƿĺˡ
ҺȻĹ޼棬ѹ˿һ١
ڴ˺ĽУ˿Ըÿһ̻Ի͵ĵ·
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ߣǻĺеʱļʹС
Ե֮ΣʮֵϤ
֮ΣԴͷǵҪǸŵɶ²ɣĦɢĵϣͱԼһ˶ǿһ򱶡
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ʲôѪĹһ̲Ҫеֻɱһߣļ԰


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ʥˡԪ޽ɳĵʱ̡
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κΣüο޲Tˡ
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üǿ޼ɣҲ޼Ĳľ磬Ϊֻǿ㡣
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ҿʵǿҪһʥˣղѾԱĿˡ
ԱĿʥˣֻԱĵصһ׹ֱѪ
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СߣƸ۵ư
ᣬѵǿ߾ԱԱ󲻼ƴ۵ۣںԼıԴ

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Σ˺ģ
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䵣ǣȫԸ취Ѵ
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𡪡


1039 ɵ
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ںУüԤϵһǾìǿ̶ȣһδˢ޼ʥ˵ӡ
Уܵһʱϵ˵飬ѾͶ˺ֵĴսС
ھìĳ֣ʮǧıԴ֧Ԯͨ
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ǵ֪ìӦó֡
Ѫȷ磬ɽƮҡ֮飬ΪػĶɢ
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ΪΡһĻ絮ʶǣʶΪԼ
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ΪԼ棬Ժ̹ŲһԼ·ܱνҪأֻԼǿĵڶء
Լصһأ벻ǰ
˵ǰǼٵģԼǻ־
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־ңоģʶ˻Ȼ飬֮Լ־Ȥˣ˼ôΪһ飬־ֱĴڡҪΪȴ֣Ҳʧʧ˻ҲͲˣҸԼġһǻ򣬶дʱ򣬶׼˺ҪΪһңַ֣ԭѵǳԽһķ򡭡ҶγԷֶУ羭˺ܶȻɹҽһֳԣֳʶΪһ飬һﵽҪĲκ󡭡
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ԣԣⲻܣҺοҪͷѾˣûҪ˵ˣܴĻǲǳԽĲΣҲǴɣˣûҪ
̫ԼݣΪȥû塱
ҪԼ־ûҪϹڣȥΪ˺
̫ˣȻʱ벻ף˵Ϊ;绹ţҴﵽκ󣬻벻ס
οҪ־Ҫѳɾ͸ߵĻҪʱ̾ΣͿǡһûʲô飬ѵõļĥѣܼ򵥵Ķȹˡ
Ϲģÿһֿ飬趨ŷһһصĵˡֻкǿ󣬲ܲƶҽϧҵ˵֮κ󣬿ûеˡ
ı޵ˣ޾С磬ǿҲͻԪ޼Բ־һﵽ֮Σпˣ޵еĺɨһС
̫Լղĺܻ
ԲϵĶԼз񶨡
һɢȥ˴ǰ뷨
̫˼뷨̫ӲѹԼȥ롣
ķ˵ԼìܡҵоԼȥ
Ǳһɡ
̫ɢ˲ʵʵ뷨
ȻѾ֤ɹǾѳȥɾ͵֮ΰɣ
ߵһˡ
̫Ѿô⴦Ļռ䡣
ǻԭݣݵԼյ־ʱ̣ѳȥ
֮ǰ粻˱ɢ
ھ絽ˣȥӴ˿̻ݵԼսʱ̣֮ѳȥ
̫ʼ־
˿̵ⷽ磬ݱ䵽ǧħǰʵһ
̫ĵطʵĻ硣
̫ʼݣǧħʧԸߵ
̫ǰģԲԼ羭һС
һ̣һߣŻݱ䣬ŷŵĻݡ
ĺܶೡһģһֱ
ףŸʲô
͵̫Ȼһ
֮ĳȻ˾ŸȻǴ֮ǰģʲô
̫е㾪ȣԼ֪ûоŸŸʲô
ǣûϸѾȥˣ˾ŸĽ׶Σ֮ӳ֡
Ȼ𣿴֮ӾȻ磬ֲãֲá
̫ǻݣǴ֮ӡ֮Ÿ߳֡ǧħ񡭡
ⲻ̫־ܸıģͣС
֮Ӻ󣬺ɳ֣֮Ͼ̫־ײ
䡪
ص̫˵ص㡣
һ̵̫º𺳣ԼһУ룬ֻȹǳδ֪֮أص֮۵ұ塣

ֻڴ֮ӵԴͷһɫ˻籡
ɫ˻ʼҵı仯
ʼϵ沨¡
{ǰ˵ԴͷҲǾͷͷ̫֤ɹǱѭһԴͷˡ}
˳Ŵ֮Ӽ˳¡
ģ˻ʼ΢Ĳĵ֮Դʼۡ
һ̫ʼ֡
ʵĿ̰嵽
ڤڤ沨Уճɵ̤˶У

̫ˡ
ۣ־ѣڳ˻һ䣬̤Ŵ֮ӶС
̫̫û䣬һжˡ
֮ΣԴͷ޷죬̫Ϊ


1040 ˣ
̤˶УһΣ̫ô֮ӡ
ҲǸˡ
̫̲סһꡣ
֮ӺϤֵʼ֪֮ӵĺ嫡
̤˶УǵһΡ
˺ҪģǴ̹֮߳ӣΪһѴ֮ӵİˡ
νˣ˵֮ӵİϣǳԽ֮ӵΪǰԴͷٽκεĸֻԼ
Լ򷨹ԪĵԼԴͷ
뵽ˣ̫һ·£ȥ̹֮ء
һ·ϣ̫˴ǰ档
ŸԼ֮ӡ
Դͷһĺɣʶײɫ׵磬׵˻硣
絮󣬳˴֮ӣ֮Ӻ˾ŸǴ֣߳˺̫ڻоһĻ
֮ӵز˵ˣ֮ӺصľŸʲôÿȥһռ䣬ѵоŸĿռ䣿
ԣ˵а˸ͻһĿռ䣬ۺ磬ڵĺĻֻǾŷ֮һ
̫еɻ
ɻֵ˼
Ϊǰ뵽һݡ
ԼǺ־Ȼײ˻磬˺Ҫѣʼиֳԡ
ԼǺɵ־ÿζжֺͿ顣
̫뷨Ǵ˿̿ŸѵԼڵĻһİ˸磬Լڵֻ֮һ
ôԼ֮εĶֿ飬ƺˡ
ԽԽԼǰĻ뷨ˡ
ܵġ
̫ȻšۼΪʵûмš
Ҫİ˸磬Ϊδû
ѵͺһݱ䡣бڣݱ²õģҲǿǰģ˸˵ȺĻ󣿡
Ļİ˸磬Ҳ㲻Ͽ飬Ϊͱڵĺģǿġ
ԣ
˵֮κ󣬾ٶӹһĳ󣬻ΪŸ磬ÿ綼Ѿ˺ܶôŸУôεֻأѵûһڻʱﵽ֮ΣȻ
̫Ȼһ
Ҫ̹ŵһ£̹Ӧñȱ֪Ķ㡣
̫ʱȷǲ١
ã̹һԼ֪Ķࡣ
ʢʱǳʱڣǧħʱǰʮŵħ񣬼ǵ֮Ρ
ĲΣǻ𣬶ԶɱΪĴڡ
ʵȴǣĻޱȵķ٣ٱսˣս߾̹š
˺̹ſٵأȥǶһ١
̹ҪǲնɱЩħЩħзչϸ˵ȿٵغ׳Ŀ졣
֪ΪΣ̹žʹѻĶʢɱˣȻٵء
ȥ⼫Ȳ
뵽ˣ̫һ·ۣú̹֮ء
ֻһɫӰ󺺣Ѿڴ˵ȴ
̹ſȥЦ⣬ⲻΪ̫ˣҲΪԼ֮߳ӵˡ
Ȼ̫ѣҾ֪һɹġ
̹Ŷ̫ص
û뵽ô˳̫źۼػص
룡̹̫
룡̫̹ŵʾ£̹ŴС
󣬻û̫ڣֻ̹ŵѿʲôɻҪʣǰδɵҲ˵ڵɻ󣬾ѯʣ
Ŷ̫һĵȻ
ȻҲʣ֤о˺ܶ˼ʣǲߣΨһ
Ȼߡ̹ŵ
𣿡̫
ǵģߣΪ֮ûиˣߣȻ
һ䵱Ȼתˣ̹ŵûҲûΨһδأƽδûУ
̫źۼ˿Ȼ
ָ̣̫һֵ
̲ҵΪҵĲ²⣬ĪҪ̫ءǾ仰صģҪԶңȻҲ֪̫ںδǴһ棬ԼҵĴУ֪㲻򵥣֮¶ӣдʹҲӣ
ֵ̹
㲻һҵĴвƽ͸¶һ˿Īη壬Ҳ֪ӺδĸоǾǸҿ϶
̹ŵĻìܡ
ȥǺ˵˵
ʲôУҲ֪Ϊθо־㣬Ҹҿ϶
˵ϹµģϹ»ִֹŵΪԼ¶ˡ
Ȼ̫Ҳִ̹ġϹ¡
֪̹ŵʹΪοȥۡ
̫ʵǰв⣬Ǳ˿̾ã֮εΪ٣ҲܶȹΪεʹնɱħɾͺأǰЩħڣǲܴﵽΣնɱȫĺðɣ
̫̹꣬ҡҡͷ
̹ŵҲ֪ΪʹǵûУħΪǿվһˣһ˳ȥ𣬵ⲻ˻޾ֻأĲһkɾʹһ飬辭ٵֻءҺѣҲûˡ
̫ŻȻ
ԭ
һȻǿվһ˳ѳȥⲻ˻ֹֻ
㣬ȴ粻תȥ
ȷһ˳ĺá
̫뵽һ㣬Ҫӡ֤һ¡
̫װ̹ŵĻ˵ˣ˵ͷʵѳɵʱɾʱջݣ
̹Ц̫ĪԹңû˵ɣˣⷽ治˵ģ˵˶һõġ
ֵ̹صҲ˻ݡףʱҶ˵ˣһͿʼ˼ǰ·Ķ򣬶һãΪ֪ǰ·谭Ķ򣬲˵õ˳ȻĶ򡣡
̹˵̫꣬һơ
ԼʵĲ˼Ȼ֪Ķò֪˲˳ȻĶ
Ҫ̹ŶԼ˵δ֪֮غ󣬻Ϊǰ㣬ʱҪôԽңơ
㣬̫룬ʼĥô
ĴǣٳҲϬ̹˵Լ˵ΪԼá
κΣ̫ʵĲ
̫ʣɡ֮ӡŸߡݱû
֪л̹ŵѡҵ˼ǣǰҶ򣬴Ӻοʼģ
ǰӺοʼ̹һ룺һ
̹ŵҽδ֪֮غʧʱҵǰߵĴߣ˺Ҷ˱ǰսʤ˽̹ţδĶ֣Ƕսǧħҡ
̹˵˺̫ܶ࣬ȥˡ
̹˵ľ̫̹˵
̫ץסһǣ̹δ֪֮ߵۿʼġ
Լ֮ϵĻŴ֮ӣδУԼյĺɣ˵־ʱ
ôһƣԼ̹˺üʱ
ֱ˼̫̾
̫ȷˣԼǿĵһأȻǸδ֪
Ҳ˼δ֪֮ʱ߰ɣ̫һ鲻Խķ˼̹ŻΪ˵أܡ͵
Ǻǣȷ̫æش
ϵܺãԼشܣǲ˵ġ
̹ܶ˵¶ˣĶҿ־壬ΪԼԼ־塣ҵʲô⣬ԡʲôڣ
Ϊô棬Ϊôǿ

̹ż̫ʣĲɵӣʵӡ֤ʲô𣿡
ǣ
ӡ֤
ûУ
ɷ˵˵

޷˵˵ԡ̹Ųˣ˭ûܣԼУ̫Ը˵ԼʾԽˡ
Ī֣ǲ˵Ǹо档ҲǱĲ²⣬Ҳ²ܻкͻһĴڣ˵ʶĻֻһ磬Ļ硣
ҲôΪ̹ȴ˵ͷ
ţ̫û뵽̹ش
ʵұ̫̫ˣչûãֳȥֻܿŴ֮ĥĶˣʱ䳤ˣҲ˺ܶǰġš̹ŵ
ðɣ̫˵ͷǹ¶˵̹ţûϹ׽ĥġ
¶ˣҲǻ£ʱ˼
밡̹ŵдʹʹǴģʱ룬ΪθʹѵֻǵΪҵһӣ޲ߴ鲻פǰ˵ڴԼʧʱֳһѵǰ;ģɾһʱ
̹ż
Ҿ룬ΪĹǲߴԭ򣬳ȹٴ𣬻Ŀģ磺кʹδ֪кδ֪ǲĴۣܱٶΣգԴ򲻸иЩkǿȻδ֪ΣʱǲԱܱǵĻ硣

㿴ҹ¶ˣڲ룬ǲδ

̹һϯ̫󣬺̹˵ܲ¶ˣû˷ʱ䣬ϹҲôġ
ֲ˵
̫Ҳƶû֤֤
ֻ̫ܵԭˣֲ̹ŵѶԱ˵ĲеȣԭҲ뵽ˡҵĲ²ǶԵģû֤ݱѡ
ǣ̹ȴ̫˵˵˾̫еɻĻ
̹ŵ֤ʵܺҵġ
ʲô
û֤Ӧҵ̹š
ôң
ȥҡ̹š
ѵ˼ǣ
̹Цʱûе֮εħҪ̽ı߼ʣεķ֣߼һ㴩͸ĸĤ
飿̫ʡ
еģħ̽󣬶ܴı߼ʣ˶ˣΪǾǻıԵҲǵ»ħӿʼĽԴԭ򣬸̽󣬷Լǿġ
̫û˵̹Žʱء
ʱֻһâû̹֪Ķࡣ
̹ţôûµʱ룬ĤǶԻħƣ󣬶֮δ֪
̫ʣ̹ŵѵ˼ǣʱĵ֮αƣѵеĵ֮ΣûƲɣ
̹ţȻУǵѲ˵𣬺Ѿ벽ɾʹʹƽ󣬶ܴʱҲûˡпܣеĵ֮θûƣϾҶû
Ҳǣ̫Ĭˣ˵ĺͻôδ֪һǾȥĺãڴ֮ӣû᳢Եġ
̹ţ⣬ȫˡ
޷ȻӦˣȻ˵꣬˿̹ţѿʼɣίһˡ
ⲻί֮á̹ż
Ҫ˳糵Ҫʱ̫ķ֮Уе˵ĸо
̫ɾ͵֮κһжڿ
ԪУһ֮ķ֮ӣԴͷǰԴȪ
ɾ̫ȫҲ֮ӡ
̹ҪӴ֮У̫֮УȻ̫ȥ
ಡ
͵ȴ޾£ʱ˶̹˵ǼƻеĲ裬衣
ûκε磬⣬ָ̫£̫֮С
ʱһ׼̫Ҫ֮ӣӴ˳ΪһϺӰĳɵߡ
䡪
̫Ԫڵ֮ʼʹ֮ų⣬֮ųȥ
߶Ǻӣǣһ֮ӣһǴ֮ӡ
ʱӡûпɱԡ
ȸСȫ̫ѾǴ֮ӵߣԼ˳Ѩĳɵߡ
ֻҪԪе֮׳󣬿Զд嫣ǿ档
Ÿǿһƶ


1041 Ƭ
̫Ԫ֮Уһɫ̫ںϵ̫
֮⣬һɫĴ̹ʱŵ㡣
̫ķ֮ӣ˵̫ķԴȪ֮أУ۵˻
һ֮ӣɾͣ
̹Ž̫ķ֮ӣ˵̫
̫Ҫı̹ţ̹Ȼǿ̫ķ֮Уռκεıˡ
Һã˱˴ΣǲΣҲ໥
̫֮ų֮֮ӣһƶѴ֮Ӻ
ֻصĴ֮ӣ̫Ҫѳȥʱ̣һɫĹâɨ
ǰ˵֮ӣֻһλᣬǾ޼Բ֮ӳɵ
ȥҲһλᣬɵ󱻴֮ųȥһֻĻᣬ֮ӵĻᡣ
̫ſ񡱵ΪԼ̹ţԼ̹ǿ
̹ŵڶνȥˣԼȴܵڶνҲܳȥͽ
Դʱݣ˴֮ӵ̫ſ񡱲ʵʵ뷨Ҳɢˡ
֮µľŸ㲻ף˵Ÿ֮ϵĴ֮ˡ
Ǻ󣬵һֵĴڡ
ԶԶĳԽνĻ
ֹһоŸ̫̹뷨
Ϲ⣬Ǵ֮ӵĹ򣬹ת£鿴̫ɵߣܲܳȥ
Ϲ⸲ǵһ̣̫ʮֽŵġ
Ҳ֪̹ŵѵļƻԲԣƭù֮
֮ӣ̹ŵ򵥣ǺɺһĴڡ
ಡ
ֻϹ̫һɲ̫Ԫ֮УǵϹ˲˷֮еĽɫ
ã
̫һ
̫֮Ӻ̹ȥһ鱦һĴһڵ顣
̹ΪֶΣܹ֮ӡ
ǣС˴֮ӵ档
̹ŵ֮Ӻʹศɵġ
뵽֮ӵأԶڴ֮ϡ
ֻϹɨ̫̫ȫȹϾⲻǵ飬̫Ļ鱦
Ϲɨ̹ŵʱˡ
ֻ̫ķ֮һ˻Ϲ˲̹š
̫һá
̹ţһ㤣ļȵĿ־壬ԼΪһʧİ취Ȼʧˡ

ֻϹ˲ɫĴ
ʱ֮ϿѿһӣϹ̹ĴͶȥ
ס֣
̫ҲˣԼӦ̹ŵģῴ̹űͶδ֪֮ء
û뵽Ϲ⿴ȥСȴǴ֮ӵıԴƶ
̫ıס˽ɫ̹ŴϹ̹ţϹ̹Ŵδ֪֮ء
̫ѣ֣
ĪҪţ𣡡
Ϲǣ֮ǿ
̹ʴȵģ˵Լʧ̫ҲԼա
չ鲻̫̫ĹģڹڣǣǸ˵ġ𡱡
Ӧ̹ŻģҪ˵
ο֮оһУʹ˿ʮֵӳա
ڸ̫Ԥķչ̫ܲĶ
ֻ̫߶е֮ӲǺϹ̹ŴġȨ
Ȼ
䡪
Ϲ⿴ҲˣҪ˵Ļ˵̫ҪѾˣ㻹谭ִðɣȻ㲻Ҳ֪ΪζеϤҲǸִĹǶҽȥɡ

̫̹ŵľУֻ̹ŵ̫̹ţϹǿɨѿĿС
¡
ֱ˺ܾãѿĿӲĸԭƺûֹһ
̫̹ţֻоһ󷭹
˴˿̵飬Ǳܡ
̫ս֮Σôʵ
û̾ǿأһ֮ӵϹ⣬˵֮ӵĹɨˡ
¡
ѵ
һûκδڣûκαԴʵδ֪ͨ
ɢžҵ˺֮ѿѷ֡
δ֪ͨУ򵥵һӴ̫ŵķ֣˵֮εĴڣ޼ԲĽҪ
Ϊеܽķ򡢱Դ
һûκεͱԴȴϳֵ֮ε˺֮
һ򣬻߽ΰʥ˽˵أ˵ܽȻ˲䱻ǿ˺Ѹ˺顣
ԣ̫ŵķ֣ҿԼԲĵ֮ΣԼǴ֮ӣǷ򣬲ΰ
Ҫˣδ֪ͨԼ󣬻˲Լ˺顣
֮ûоΪ֣֮ҲûνԪĻ֡
֮ΣԪ񡢾硢ΪƽԲһһԲ
˿̵̫ǾΪ֮εһ㣬Ԫ֮ܺ󣬵Ҳǵ֮Ρ
̫ûбδ֪ռ˺ԭ
ϷˣòǱ
ѣʲôطҺ˵ѰΪʲôлĵطΪ֮ǰһ֪
̹Ÿܵ޷Ǳ㣬ûΣԹ
Ȳ˵ЩˣоڷֻܣǰûдߣǲΨһ
ǣǺ˵㰡㲻ģ㵱ʱ־ͺˡ
̹źǰգоԼ̫Ҫ̫ػԼ䵽ز
̫ҪǲԼԼ֮ӵĹͽ̫ͨԲķغġ
̫
ȴû̹ŵұԹ˷ܡ
ԼһԼڽӴܣָоʮֵǿҡ
ڴݣ̫⡣
ţǸо̹һ˲ʲôΣһ鷳ѡ
鷳ͻܱ̫Լ׬ˡ
ѣǰ⣡
֪˶ã͵أ̫˲Զ˸
ͷ̹ŵ
ǡ̫һ󼤶ǻܣѣǴǰġ
ȷǣ̫ѣΣˡ̹û̫ôֹۣܲ
ţ̫ûϣȴǣԤУΣУݡ
̫ͲɵԼ֮ͨµĽ
˵һܴ⣬ʾ֮أҪôû飬Ҳǵ֮εҪŽ
ңŸŸ磬ŸÿԳһϵҸ˲֪١
ͱʾͨ죬ߴڵĻʱ̣ﵽ˵֮Ρ
Ϊʧˣ
ܾΪѺȥ˸ĵطĵطϲĻӦþǰ֮ء
пǾŸ⣬ĺƬ
ʱɴ벿ֻΪŸ磬ʣδĺ֮أǴ˵ء
ŸУﵽ֮εĳߣܶ˴˵ء
жˣǲ࣬Ǹĵ֮δڡ
Ȼ̫Ԥ롣
Ϊβ£̹ǣ
Ϊ̫ԼģԼݡ
Լݣ׷־ʱڣı֤£̫治֪ԼΪҪ¡
Ϊ˼룬ʵ벻бԼ˼ġ
ģô˵ǺƬǺû¡
Ϊɺͺ飬Լܴڵǰصµġ
մɣĻֵĸо


ֻһ
תˣȪҵķֹͣˡ
һɢĺ嫿ռ䡣
ޱ޼ʣûҡ
ΪԭĻҶϣ֮Ҳ¡
϶ϣֻ϶¡
ά˵ʮάռ䡣
ž޴˺֮ûκεķ͵ȫ
֮ǵ֮ĵطԴ
Ǳ֮οٽ籣С
ǣ
Ƭ
ļã˽ɲǣһڤڤĴУӡ˵ķ֮С
˾ȵĶһۡ
̫˿ȻԼԤĺƬ
ǾŸ⣬ûһƬɿռ䡣
˻
ã䡪
Ȼ
̫һ
˼أ̹Ÿıһ
ѣĪҪ÷֮ձԴıԴ̹־ŵ
̫еơ
̹ţ̹Űܱܲôզ㲻ͣ㣿
ԭ̹ڽڤڤеĴк󣬾ķǺƬ
֣ƺûбԴһԺķ֮Щը˹
ҪնϣܾͲǾţˡ
̫ѣ⡭
̫ͣæ̹š顱Ȱ棬ƲˣﲢûбԴǳűȻ籾Դ߲εĺɱԴղ̽һЩԴݣЩ˶Բԣ
ԣ
ֵ̫ˣ̹ŵңҪıԴԲԣ
ţԣ
̫˿ˣ֪ˣİɣˡﱾԴ̫ߣԲǲǲɡ
ԣ̹е죬㶼֪ˣ
ǰɡ
ô֪ģ̹ʡ
ݺ͹۲찡
ǣǺȻΪô侲Ĺ۲죿̫ѣΪһ㾪ŶûУ̹Ŵɰʵס
ΪԤϵˡͣôԤϵģ֮˵ǺôڲǾʱҪ취ȥصǸȥĵط
Ǹȥģ
ȻǺİغֲδ֪Ŀǰʱƿزˡ
ôȥ
취
ҡ̹ţ
̹̫ţֻ˵̫̫侲
￪ʼ֣̹Ŵǰ֪һУѾԶԶˡ
̫ɵʱһУ֧˾޴ĵ
̫Զ̹׵ĸࡣ

˵أɫĹ⡣
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Ĺ⣬ǺɱԴ
⣬ƬռУͺˡ
ûκεݣΪû
һһ֪ʲôʲôƣͳͳûá
ֻΪԭ㣬֮Ϊ֧ţĿ֮ΪǰΪ·ͷϷ
ûзʱǲڡ
ǣΪ֮ε飬ʱ޻֮أǸݵĺΪ֧ţ¶ˣ˺Ƭ֮صķ
Ψĵ˵˼ڡǣڣķʱն
֮Σķʱա
̹ź̫ˣĺ˷ʱգǰȥ
֮һάȡ
ƬУ飬濴˷ĳ֡
һԷʱάУƽӣ򶼴ֻܿĿռӰ
Ǵ˵ص档
̹ź̫˼򵥵󣬴˺Ƭе֮



1042 ֮أ
ǰеˣƬнˡ
ȴһ鶼ûҵ˵Ѱһȥİ취
һ·ϣ̫̹˽˱˴ˡ
ǰѣκζǴҴҶ
һ̫âʱһ²˵̹Ŵ񻹲죿̹Ŵչնɱеħ
ڶǿɹչӰԶĶԻǴνӴʱޱȵʱ̫ڶУ̹ŵĽֻ죬̹֮žˡ
̫̫ʱ嵮Ԩһ˿̹Ԫ񣬸ȪϵһĻҲǴҴҶ
ĴǴ֮ӵĽҲǴ֮ӵĽ̫ɵǰͳɵ
һΣ˵һγõĽ
ұΪ֮Ӷʹƽҵֶܹ֮ӵĹȴ룬֮û򵥡
̹Ż̫ѡԵĶ˵˴֮ӵ
̹ŵһף֮ӵǿأԶԤơ
ȻҲе߸ԭкͻƽռ䣬Ƭ֮أͲ֪ڶˡ
̫ѣ˵ôˣΪһ鶼û
ܴģǻ𣨵֮ΣҪ洦ɼ֡ǾŸ磬Ҳ١̫
ǰǣôѰһȥİ취̹źˡ
ʼͬεĵѣ̫Ȱ˵£ϣ
Ϊ˾ΣգҲǿ
˵ܱȵù޾µ
Ҳ֪ôˣԤ֣ػúʧС̹źһ㡣
оԼԵʣ̫ûԲĻصġ
ҪǺʧأԼΡ
޷ĺֺܶࡣ
ɵѵĺ֣ڴĿ£ء̹û˵ȥ
Ǻǡ̫һЦĪҪˣһ컯ˡ컯ͱһ壬ҲԴһﵽ޼ɰ˲㣬ԲοҶ˵ˣǺΣʱ̣ȥġ޼ɾŲ㣬תúСˡ
ֵ̫Ĵǣʱɵȥ÷۳ת컯ѣ֮ȥȫԸȡɵĴģΪԷ⣬Ҷ˵ˣΣʱֹͣתر𻯵ͷ̨ȥ̹֡ŵ𡣡
һͺ̹ڰ˺ܶࡣ
̫ѳټ˺ֿз컯֡
ҾͷˣеѷڣСǿҲáǺǡ
Ҳһ̫ȴûôֹۡ
ʲô˼̹źֹܲ۵̫Ҳ̫̫ԽԽˡ
ҵ˼ǣСֿܲ򵥡ΪΣֻ˵ֱɡ
̹ѯʣ̫ߴٵƬɣֻҪҵ˵ص飬Ƕջ񡣡
ã̹ûʡ
㡭
û˿ڣɢضķʱάȣӰһ
ڣˡ
죡
ףˣ
Ȼ̹һȣ
̫Ѿˣֻû̹ű㼤
Ȼʮά˵άȺ֮أ㿴˲ǴǰǴ˷
Ҳ˵ȻһռУںƬУƬ̫ߣһеԴ浽ֻһռ䡣
ÿһںƬе飬ͳ˵ǶںƬСλԵʣÿֶһʱա
Ƿ䳲ʱһ
˷ߣߣҲ˷Ŀ̫̹š
̹ź̫һάУҪҪԷʱУֻܿ˴˷Ӱӣĸš
ѣ룡̫ܷŹˣȲΪǿһŵ飬ܴ
⣬ìܴսɣ̹Żǳһ¡
ɹɣ̫ûκεԥ̹롣
¡
ʱת䣬һάʱվͽһάС
ΧɫĺƬռ䣬ǰˣѾƽӵĴڣǴǰһάȵš
ףһס
ۣòţǿòǸֹ֡
һת޾ʱ谭һΪΡ
һ̫̹žףǰΪǿˡ
ֶαԼǿԼ޷һʱ𵴣˴˸޾ʱա
̹ŶɣԼһƴĹܹ˵ʱ˸õֿ𵴵Ŀռ䲨ԼĹ
ǲһʱάһ㹥˼ң˼ҵռ谭
ǣǣ㡭˺ȻȵĿ̫˲̹ţ㾹ȻıԴ壿ⲻܣ㾹ȻԴ壬˭
̫̹ˣ
ôԼķӦ󣬹˵ġ
ӣҪ̫һ
ʲô˼̹Ŵ̫
Ҳ֪
Ϊô̹š
һǲ֪
ѵܣ̹š
㡭ˣҲ֪
ðɣ̹š
Ĺ˸ˡ
е㵸ĸоǺ˰ȻıԴ壬ԴǺ
Сӣҹ
ã
̫̹źȻˣ
ôһԲϾͿս
ⶼû໥ѯһء
˵Ĺǿ֪Σ
ɲǼ䡭̫̹һܳ˵
ãǻڣһΪڣΪڣ߰˾ǺڣŲ㻹Բ̫ȵ
˲䣬̫Ȼ벻κֿܹʽ
ս֮Σûϵͳıչȹ̣Ҳûпڵ֮εֶΡ
ĵһ֣ôҪ͹
̫ԼֿܵģֻиԼ׵̫
ಡ


ֻ̫˲֣ǿȥ赲Ĺ̫ĵУֿ̫סˡ
̫ܣ˾̫ḻˣɲǣȻ˲סһʱա
̫̹ںܲˣʮһ
ڻдս˾ôǱǺУеֶκͻжһ
˵̹ţǰǰ벽ҪڻдսһһصĻ̹֮ҲֿͶûС
ںƬ̹ĳɲˡȻ̫Ҳǡ
̫̫޼κ󣬾ͺõˣò
û뵽̫оô̫ڳɵ̫һʩչͳ̫Ԥڵ
ȥɵĵֿס˹
鱦ȻԴ壬㾹Ȼл鱦ɶ񣡡
ĵеץĸо
̹ź̫һãȻ⵽ô£
ˣҪץס㣬˻
̫̹һУϵĹ˲
ֻ̫Ѹ侲һȫԸȴǱĴ߶ֿ̫һ͵͵ѧϰ
ûѧϰѧϰ˵ֶΡ
˵˵Ϊܴ󣬵ǣ
Ĳ࣬˲ƬеĹ֮
ҪҲ˵ľ飬̫̫̹žԲôǱ
ˣ̹ŵıҲһ鱦εĽɫ
֮ûд߶֣̫һʱ䷢ֿ̫ס˷˵ĹѸٴ׾
һҪ׾ȫ¶ˣȫ¶˻Σա
̹ˣȥǱı̫ţŷ˵Ĺ
ˣ̫̹Ų֪ĵţԵ֡
֪ʲôԭ򣬿̫񿴵Ƥڶӣǽһ

һηĳֺ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬̫ܱߣһʱյٲ
ܿȥ΢ͷܱߵĲܴ
ΣⲨǵ˷˵Ĺ̫ʡ˽ɵ֮͵ֿס˹
ʲôһ͵ѧ
̫ȷ͵ѧˣռ䲨̫ͣǰΪû顣
ι۲˳ֺһĥȻ߶֮Ӹ̫
˺֮߶޾άȵĺƬУʱյֶΡ
»ǺǱ̫ȴջܴ
͵ѧһУȥʵõֶΡֻĴСͷ˲ܴѡ
㲻̫⣬һ̫Ϊ̫ѧỹϤ
ۺϺ󣬷˶˵вһСˡ
һ㣬̫̹Ȼƽⲻ˱ʱգ̫̹Ӳˡ
֮⣬̫ڵֿǰ£ŹһС
ǽ˺ƬеĹʩչǿ֮ͨ
֮Σ̫֮ǿͨʩչˡ
һе֮û⡣
֮Ľ⣬Ŀռ䣬Щһķ󣬷һء
룺СͨںƬУռݾƵһеֶΡ
Դ壬鱦⣿һüȻֹͣ˹
̫̹Ų֪ʲôԭ򣬷ȴںƬУл鱦ǶôѲ
鱦һټʩչҲǵ֮Σ߽Ϸһһڶ򵥣ʱ䡣
λסְɡԷֳʤڵʵһܣûУ޷ǽ鱦ѣκβ˱ҲԻǣͣΣ
ļ˵
˵̫̹źһԲϾͿ㣬ܽ˵˭κβ˭Ҳ㣿㣡
κΣεķ֣ȷκβ˷ˣοһɻأ
ˣȸǿٱ𲻳١
ߣ̹һߣ
Ҳֶεģ̫׾˺˾ǵ֮ڣ˽ֵľҲ¡
⣬̹ź̫һ㣬˵ġߵһһȥͨģ֮
Ǻ̫̹ͨͨŸо˼顣
ĵȻɾ˻֮
㲻ߣǰʮĵ̫̹Ҳǿܡ
˿ߵĵȻɾǰˡ
˶еˡ
ȻҲ̹һߵĵ֮ͨΪǿΣ
Ȼ̫̹ŵ뷨
ҲƣԼֻ֮ҪԼǸǿĵұ̫λǰʮĵԼҲǷ֮еĵʮһ
ҪԼĵǰʮĴԼ֮ǰ

̫̹סˡ
˵Ҳʮһ𣬼λѣ֮صҪʮˡλ̲סϲλĪҪ
񣬲ʮһĻݺܷḻ
仰ˣ˺ɿռ䣬ҲǱʮһƺΪ֮صĵطǰʮ֮
̫̹űʮˡ
һ̫ǾȣԼĶ࣬ԼΪҲᳬʮû뵽Ȼʮ
⣬˳ƺ֮أ̫ס
Уʮһ𣬾ǸǿֵģԼ˻ǲһ
ǿĶʮԼ˺սʤ㿴Լʮʮûˡ
ѣΪμͳ֣Ѳһ𣿡̫ʡ
ʵ̽ġԴ塱ʲô˼
ѵţ
̫
̹ţ
ʲô̹ţȻ㾹Ȼ̹ţ
̫̹һӣϢܴ󰡣
̹ţȻ̫
ߣȷ̹ţ̹ڸоԼˡ
㣬ǵھŻ磬ھŻȻڣȻǴ˵ĵھŻ磬ˡ
̫̹ˣ
ĻԵԵ

ʲôһ
̫̹벻һ򵥡
ھŻ磬̫׵㡣
룺ѵԼڵĻ磬һںƬУ
Ҳ˵ʮ˸е顣
Լ̹ڵĵھŻ磬ǲ²дڵģû֤ڵĵھŻ硣
ԼڵĻȻصģΪԼԭ
̫뵽
һ˵ĹȻûȻеھŻڡȻûг̹ţһԴ𣬵ھŻȻ棿
̫ѣ̹ŵѣܺ
Ȼ
߳͵ؿˣһĻȡ
ɾʹһһ˷ܺͷ
㣿̫һ⣬˵˼
ʹ죬һȫޱĶλ˵ġ
˵̹ŵѣ̹ŵѿ֪绮ΪŸǺ󡭡ǰλǰΪа˸֮ǾŸ
ڣҿ϶ˣʮռ䣬һڵĴ˷֮أȻҲԳƺƬŸǾŸ磻
ǰ֮صһ˵ΪоŸ磬䲻֪ĸݺڵһǿǶˣֻȱ֤ݣ
˵ھŻءҲв⣬ΪôĵھŻ磬һ߶ûУǾãǵһ²ˣ
Ÿ磬Ÿͬĸ壬̹ŵǾŸΨһͬģп죬նɱħÿж̹Ŵ֮ӡ

𣬸˽һھŻ̹š
̹ķ֣Ÿжһ̹ţῪ죬пʹ
ֻǺһԻıһӶһѡ
̹Ÿеܾȣ
̫㣬ر𣡡

֪ΪγƺΪǷ֮ΪǶڵĻ羭ЩԻ޿ɱı˱Դ
ܳˣ˷֮أԴ޷صԵĻˣֻﱻ
㲻һǵھŻδĩڴ𣬾ͳɵĴڡûԴԴȥصǵĻУ
ǣ˸ԻĩڣıʴѾ޷صǵĻˣ
˵ǵ磬ΪתѾ޷ˣȻıԻĴƣ
һ˵ֻҪֲıԴʧһĻᣬܷǵĻ磬ԣҼʱ˷ܣ
Ҫ֪Ҫ̫㣬пֲʧıԴһĻȥ

һ̫ͣΪΣԼô
ԭǵȷǱġ
ǲԼǿĴ׳ʱھͳɵ
ǳɵʱѾǻʱĩڣ˵ıԵ
ÿĩڴɸԴǲɱģմȾ˴
⵼ǵıԴ𺦡
𺦺ʵҲûʲôӰǣȴӰǻصĻУΪȻĺĻų⡣
οƬУ治ѵ֮ء
ڻУܸõĽ
ҪǴεǿߣƬѵ֮ء
κΣֻǻ𣬺Ƭ˵̫ߴˡ
ǵһ
˵ֲ˱Դ𺦣һİܷĻ磬̫ܷ
̫ˡ
νĵһеˡ
̫һ˵ˣƺܶܶģ˾ǺƬеĵһǿߡ
ҪǱһ֪Լ̹ţԼ˾Σˡ
̬ⷬĿģֺԼȻ󡭡
ԼıԴл֮ء


1043 ȥ·
Ļ̫
ղĳ֣̫ûǣ޷òˣӶЭ
ܺ棬һĵʲôǿ󣡡̫ò̾һһǿ
һǿȻӹɣڵţ֪صڶ͵֪˴û˵Ц
ЦƺԵһǿʾȻ
ĻһǿóϷóǿ
ô˵ɣ֮صܹйʮ𣬼ϵǶʮ
ʲôô࣬ʮû˵̹꣬ŴˣʮѾˣû뵽Ȼ߸
߸ȥˣ
Ȼ̹뵽߸أ
ǱҪ˵ġ
Ҫ֪Ƿ֮أ󣬴ûܳȥ޾£иеıģоıɢ֮أǵģûΪʱҲκνķɢˡ
˻
̫̹һ
ĶǷӰ
ƺ˵ͨ޾µ߲֮أбġ
ǵ֮εĻ
һظǷ֮أǺƬôߴĵطk̫ߴˣʺϻ棬ûκεĵֻһƬɣҲ˵ֻܰǰĵߵޣڸµĵǲܵġ
ƺ˵Լʹĵǵģû֮غֻܼ׳ǰĵҪµĵǲܵġҪΣҪͬޣǰʮͬޣԼǰʮŴŵͬޡ
˵˵ţЦˡ
̫̹ŶһۣץסһҪܡ
Ҫ֤߲Ҫͬޡ
ǰʮĴҪͬޡ
ǰʮŵĴҪŵͬޡ
ƬеΪ޾¶һԭġ
Ϊûһ𣬽ʱ򣬾;ͨߡ
̫ˣָ̫оԼֻҪ˹󣬿ܻˮ
Ȼ̫ҲҪһ㣬ǴΣͬޣͬ޵ԲһΡ
Ϣ̫Ҫ
ǰôҪûƬܣ̫ܰһܶ
ɻѵʱ䣬˵˷ѵʱ䣬Ͳ֪Ҫˡ
βһˣ̫˲֤Ҫ׼ͬޡ
̹һ뷨Ǽǰ˰벽˿ݣǰ벽ʱڣ˺ܴۺǿﵽһ
̹ǰľ飬Ȼǰ벽ܴ󣬵ǰ۷ʱڵľ顣
Ϊãڵ֮һ㣬޴ߡ
ǵ֮𲽣ܻصģߴͨȫԴӴµߵ
ǰ벽Ǽޣһʹһȴǰ̸

ЦУ̫̹Ρ
ΪôЦΪû·ˡ
֮ߵˡ
Ҫû̫޾ºҲıӶڡ
ƺ⣬ʼ̫ԭ
֮ܶ飬һǿףǶǷӣ·ߣھԵķӡ
ôߴĺƬУ֮أȴ˵֮ε
ȥָ򲻵һ
أ̫˼ʵ
ߣȻһնɱˡЦ
Ȼ̫һȻնɱˡ
֮βǲܱɱ̹ŵľࡣ
ѣһεΪ̹ŵ
һǻߵϴ̫֮Զе֮ΰ˲㣬Ųʵϵǿߡǣƺһ𣬻µĵ
ʲô̹ˡ
֮ΰ˾Ų㣬һ㶼⣬ǰ벽ء
˵һȻµĵͷ˼ˡ
ղĵ˵ܸ֮µĵôͷ˵һµĵˣ
̹ŵѣûһǿٻ˲㡣
ˣ֮Ρţ˲㱾һ㶼ȣʵǰ벽Ҿȵǣ˵һµĵ̹ʵǵ˵
ˣһǳ鴤ȿȣ̹Ŵ񣬱ʧˡţȷһǵĸоȷµĵʱ䷢ģ⣬һʧܾˣܾδˡ
˵ġ
Ͳףͱָ̫̹ˡ
̫ܺ棬ѵֻеһǻڣû𣿡
̫ѣ֪ôʣ˵̫ѣҲûСڶ͵ҲǻڣһһǴҲǻڣߵĵٶǻڡ
ֵһ֮ǿΪ鱦͸ֶΣ鱦һһ鱦ԪһǰնɱһλõƵìһһֶͨټƣǵһ𡣡
Ȼǿ̹ŵ
̫Ҳ˵ͷ޻鱦һ鱦Ԫһ鱦Ƶì
һһϴãǵһ
󣬵һڵһ磬ĿǰһУڷ֮أҲ˵һУϵһĸ֮ܳѳɵݴǵһڵһµĻԵ£֮һǿֻ˵˷ëǣһĵӵʹõľǵһĻ鱦ƵìЦǣſ񣬲ǰƵìһջˣ
νĵһӣԹͷ
һ
￴ĳһǿ
鱦Ҵʹá
𣬿Ϊһ鱦ͷ
ͨĽ̫̹֮ͣصĲǿ˷֮صĹ
Ҫˣôȥ
лѵĽ𣬱ʣβܻصھŻ磿У̹ŵλȥ
ؼʱˣǰܣΪĲЭ˳̫̹⣬ôȥô̹Ҳȥǹؼ
̫ѯʣȴʱ
ȻһЦ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪȥ֮صԨǷ֮صĺģҲŴĵطͨıԴܵڵĵھŻķλֻ֮ҪıԴ壬յһ˵ģڵĻҲǵھŻ磬ųĽ룬̫ѾܻصĻˡ
ô򵥣̫ƳȵĻشȴ˲ΪĻش𣬳Ԥơ
̫Ϊʼóۣŵء
û뵽ô򵥣˵˻ȥİ취

Цˣ̫ķӦƺԤС
̫ѣ˵Ǻ˵㲻ûɣҲþȣʵˣô򵥡Ц
кɣ̫ʵ
ѹȻϻۣеģ̹ŵλȥ̫һ˻ȥܼ򵥣ΪԴ壬̹ŵǡ̹ŴΪ˲ȡһǰ˴۰ɣǻппޣڷ֮ؾͲ˵ˣıԴҲ𣬼֮ҵȲ࣬Իȥˡ
Ļ̹źѵ
ϳƺ񣬻̹Ŵ
ǣ䣬̹źơ
֪ԼıԴҲʧ˵еʧ䣬ϸһ룬Լûг׵䣬ܱԴ
ֵԣԻȥ̹ŵҪȥҪصڵĻУȡ籾Դֲ̹ŵѵıԴ̹ŵѲܻȥ֮ҪľϣܴڵĻУȡԴֲתҵıԴ

뷨
ֲ޿ֵģ̫̹˵еܡ
ȥھŻ磿̫ʵ
ǣΪ֮⣬ȥ̹Ȼ
̫ȴ˼ˡ
Σգ޺ΪƬµġ
ҪǰŽԼڵĻ磬ǾΣˡ
һ֮ڵĴڣ̫ԼֻǿԸǿѹ
ԼĻ˷ˣͺģᱻ췭ظ
ƺ̫Ϊѣ̫ɷģҶλڵĻû뷨ֻܸµ·Ϊ֮û·ˡ֪ģһ֮û·Ἣ˵ķ񣬼˵Ļ𣬻˼飬ܿ¡
ߣв𣿡̫۵
ѱᣬûвֻڲһʵ̲סѶ֮أʱ̫ѼѵȥԨ˵Ļص˵ھŻ磬̹ŵѾΣˡ
Ʊ𣿡̹̲סˣԼȻһ׸һв̫׸
ɺԼǰ̹ţԼǰʵҪ֮صͽնɱ£̹ŵĿֲ
̹ţЦˣҪᡣֻ˵һʵûҹ֣Ҹ˵֪ܣǵĴֻۣǰҴȳȥѡ
ֵλѿܼ򵥵ĵȼ۽
룡̹̫ġ
ףھŻУһ𣬻ֺܶ಻Ԥ֪Σ
Լ̫֣Ҳնɱ
ôۻۣںƬкֻۣܲʮһ
˭ұ֤ȥ˻УʱµĵӶΪ
Լֻ̫ǻڣҪʱ׷Ѿڵѵġ
Ȼ̹б벻֪̹л鱦εĽɫ
Ҳ֪̫һ鱦̫ĳɵ̫һ˵֮ϴʱȡ
УҲףھŻĺģɲǰе磬һ벽ĺġ
Ҫȥ˷ˣۣǱѹ
ȻڻǴȵģڻУ̫̹û취
û취ʱƳΪȥʽ
̫ţԼ죬οԼķ˵
ֻҪ컯ɵ֮ߺһôĺҲ͵ͷˡ
һˣ뵽̹ţ뵽Լ̹ŵĳŵԼ̹Ŷٵĺĵֿ
̫ûɺķ̹Ųܡ
ûѹĶ
̫ǰ˵׵ЧӦ˵ŽھŻ磬ἤ׳ĺġ
ԼҲѹ½졣
ԣӦˣ̫
̫Ѳɰ̹ŵ
̹ŵѣѻسŵģȥƻǵھŻ磬ǲǣ̫Ŀ
Ͽκε뷨Ц֪̫ҲҾǸûǰ·֮ˣܸϣܲ飿Ѿܷģұ֤ܽڵĻ磬ᰲ޶
ã̫
̫Ӧ̹ȴˡ
ĴۣΪԼã̫鷳ҲԼӰĺ鷳
̫ȴǰд̹˵һС
̹ţ˼˺һᣬо̫˵Ҳ
ԼϣҲοĺǿ
ԼǰĻۣ֪˲İ취ֻҪԼʱ䣬̫ѣԼʰ
̹űǿ˵ˡ
˵ļ㣬¡
Ϊûʲôڴ˸µġ
̫̹ԼԼھŻᱻҲ֮غá
Ѿľʲôηģ
֮ص𣬶ǷӣҲǣܰ˼ά塣
ˣ˼
Ĵ£ȥ˺ƬĺģԨ
ǺƬĺġ
ݴŸγǾŸǣԨǾŸģŸ硣
ҲܹŸΨһ֮ء



1044 ȥ
֮أһĵƺΪһ
Ƿ֮صһĵһĵѾ˼ǵãһ˵ĳƺȴ֮ء
ڵһһƬƻСĿռ䣬ǵһõ֮ٳĿռ䡣
ﻹе֮֮µ飬Ǳһ顣
ڷ֮ƬУһĿռ䣬Ѻѣóһ档
ռߴһ޴Ĵ
ǵһķ鱦Ԫ
Զ
иλģǶĵһ
£һǵһĵӵ
һǵһ
߶ǵһ飬ԳƵһȴǵһĵӡ
ʦ𣬵ھŻĽչˣѯʵǵ
ڽСκǲܽ룬ֶֻͨӰھŻ硭һ㣬Ƶìϵµĵһݾϲɡһ𿪿ڵ
һòǷȥ⣬ĺƽ
Ҫǲ֪治뵽õһģ
ַ豹ĸо
ӹʦû뵽汻ʦҵ˵ھŻ磬ӰھŻ硣ֻҪʦȥʦܺ俪ھŻĴݣӶ֮ѳȥ˷ܵ
ѣһҡҡͷ
˵ֵھŻɺϣɺϵǣھŻУƺһġ顱
ھŻ罻໥ӰãµھŻĴ˺ܶࡣ
һͨĻᣬĻ鱦Ƶì˵ھŻС
ھĳìϮǵһƵì
˵ѣкܴ󲿷ǵһµġ
ܾǰоŸĵһͨһ˿Եҵ˵ھŻ磬Ҳ̫ڵĻ硣
ǣѾǰ벽Ŵת䡣ڵʱΣھħ١
ħٵһ׶Σʽĵ٣Ҳƺ١
ڽıԵѾʼӰ˵׳
߶Գۺ£µھŻ˾޴ĲⲨһˡ
տʼֵھŻĵһ𣬺𾪡
ȾԤоŸֲֻǵھŻĪ⣬û˸֪ҲûеھŻ֮ء
ʼһҪ⹫չʾԼԤǶԵġ
ǣˡ
֣֪ΪΣھŻĴҲǴݣȻԱ˸˵ܴ
ִҲܹƵģȴǴҵ˰취
취˸ڣջ˴ӵƵìѻ鱦Ƶìͽ˵ھŻС
Ϊ˺ܶ˼ֲƵìų⡣
ҲҺֻһ鱦顣
ĻŬҲܰƵìھŻ硣
ƵìھŻͨƵìĸ֪ӣջܴ
ȻͨƷĸ֪ڷ֮زܶµ
ջЩ󣬵һ˷ܣջȻҪѰջ޷ġ
ģһͨƵìĸ֪˵ھŻΪδݼˡ
ΪھŻУһ׳ڴ
һܾȣǰĵһ磬Ҳٵƺͬƺçġ
ң˽Լûһ̫ƿߣƫˡ
˺󡭡ç飬ʧȥһʱҲǳƺĴˡ
Һãһçĩʱɵѡ
ȻɱģҲմȾ˴Ĺ򣬵Դ𺦡
֮غ޷ֲҪصһ粻ˡ
ֵĵھŻ磬ģܲһ
ģȻ׳չܹ˺ܶΣѾɳҪھŻеĴɾʹˡ
磬һֻ̤˲磬ʵһܲ;ȡ
֮࣬ʼ㡣
źתڣô˺俪ݣ˵ȡԴֲԼĿѺܽھŻ硣
ͨܳʱڱҵ·
·úܵ𺦣ֻк˾޴󣬲ܶƺĵ׳
úĳڱתȴԲת״̬ڡ
ֻҪʱ䳤ˣĻܸࡣ
ˣһ뵽취ġ
ο취Ѿҵˡ
һǣŬֹĵ׳ƻĵķչ
ǣͨеƵìȡ籾ԴͺĵıԴֲˡ
ıԴֲ󣬾аսھŻС
ھŻ磬ɵİܶµߵӶߵͬޣԴ˽ĴΡ
ڡ
ǰȴĹУ˻ᡣ
ֵھŻе޾磬ֺġ
˵ʵľû޾ΪҪֺģ
ˣǺĵĿ飬µĿ顣
ԼǰçģڹˣûĿ顣
ûͨǻˡ
׺Ϳʼ֣ͨƵìϵͳ޾磬ͨƵìһĻʱ
ħ
Ǵǰʱֻء˵ļƻУΨһһڻû̫ѵҲغĻ
ħܵ͵Ҳ˵ܵù
ʱ䲻ãȴ֪ͨ÷˵ʱ͹ⰵֺġ
ú󣬹ⰵ䣬̫һС
üʶһĻħŵòᡣ
ûкͽϵĬĬ׳չ
ú󣬺ˣȻһ鱦εƵì
ʱħϲãΪԵˣ롭
ȴһʱ⣬ƵìǱһƵġ
ħܼ򵥵ƵìĻֳˡ
ûãֻǻԪ޽ɰ˲ħǵһĶ֣
ǱһǿͶھŻƵì桭
ûˣĨɱһֶͨռ˱塣
ֻħĳ䣬ҲһֱԴţĳ֣ǳħ񣬼սǰġ
˵ռ˱ġħ񡱡
ʼ߸޾磬ӭϴԺĵĿ飬Ϊһıߡ
ھ֣Ϊιĺܣ
ȫ˺ĵĸԼòסüˣ
ǡħ񡱵ı
򵥴ʶûǻ۵ʮǧ־ûֳԸüֻء޲T˵ķ飿
סʥһʮĿʥ˴
ˡ
ƺͺûκϵķ֮أΪһķֺıھܵĥѣһ֮֡

ʦǺУҪĸ֣ʵ
ķ֮ص𣬶ԻĿϸ˵ġ
֪ʦıһһϵǣҪˣ뿪һķ֮ء
ɺΪʦֻ֣ܳͨƵìӰ죬ΪʦܽھŻ磬鷳һش
һ˵꣬һü
룺ʦʣھŻУֵעĸ֡
ʦ𣬲Ӱǵļƻɣʵ
˵УһᴩŽ̫𣬸ƵìռϢǺ׳زҪ֣Ϊʦе˵ΪƵìռĲ࣬ÿβڹؼϣǺûƫԲĳ׳·һǰͨƵìƿصĿܡħ񡯵õѶϢ֪鶼ڴĹΪʦǰҲǿڵ㣬ϵھŻڣԲεĲ֣ǲ֪̫СɹûУʱأ
˵꣬һĬ
̫ô˵˻һֱĬĵ̾ǰ˲򵥰˵ģĵ׳ֶΣڵʮĩھͳɵ⡭
ֵеȡ
ʮپͳɵˣֱ˼
ÿÿһֻأûй̶ʱ䣬ǰʮһٺ١
к̵ܶģʮʱġ
֮ûй̶ʱ䣬ǿƻ̶ȣͷٵĳ̶ȡ
ƻᣬ͸ã
ƻľ޴٣𣩾硣
ǣû˵һʮپܳɵģߵ
ǰܲ˼飬ﱾ𶼱Ȳϡ˵ʺٶȣѺ٣𶼾塣һһ
ڮһ̫ĵ𣬿ʦ͵˵ˣҲڮ١
ȴʦ𣬾棬չʱ̣о޴ĲġֻҪռھŻ磬̫Ǹź󱲶ѣɱ˾ǣɳĻᣬ׿Խ𣿺ߣ
Աſĵ𣬵͵˺ܶ࣬˵ǽȥھŻ磬̫֮ڻѹǿڷֵ֮طչʾ֮εԲǿ󡣡
ţһ˵ͷ
̫֮ˣ֮ڻģܣ޷죬ʱ䳤ӣһԴȪͷ
չʾ֮ε档
˵ĵǵһףҪǽ̫ȥˣԼĲ־ͻһ롣
ǿĺɨһУԼܱסĿֻƵìͨƵìĲٿأ̫ƾжѡ
뵽ˣһĴ㣬ĪҪˣǵھŻ紦תڣǴ˴εĲֱ̫ɨ޹̫ҲƬУֻҪھŻȻתڼ䣬Ǿ̫ܺףκβǣҲκβ⣬ھŻ粻ܰǴǰçҾãھŻ̫棬İ˸粻һ
һ˵ꡭ
һ
ʦ˼ǣ
һһ˼ҵ˼ǣھŻ磬з֮ĻԵھŻɾʹ㣬ǾͨݽΪ磨лͳƣռڡ
⣿
ȻΪʦĲ²ѡһ˾ȵӻش
ǲ²⣬Ҳ𺳡
ʦ˵ھŻĪ֮
ھŻ磬ǰһֱû֤ʵȷдڡ
Ҳûһɵ߽
˵һη֣һǿĺġ
ǿĺУ̫Ĵڡ
ôôʦ˵Ķԡ
ھŻ粻ܰճܵԴͷ
һᡭ
ˣע֮أĪҪ¶ҪٿƵìԵھŻ롣
ǣ
˵ıˡ

һߣ
̫̹Ÿڸϵ˷֮صĺģԨ
Ԩ̫̹űˡ
޷ݵ𺳣Ԩһ޴ĺڶܱɫĺɿռ䡣
Ƭռ˸ⶴھԨ
ôǲǺ𺳣̫
Ļ͸¶һּּ̫̹޷⡣
ñһӣһû·ߵķӣڿϣ˿̫Уȡ
һвһЭģ̫Э飬о޴Σա
Σգһ㶼⡣
ֻҪŵϦ
ȷ𺳣û뵽Ƭ棬ǾŴĺᡣ̫յһ̣Īĸеһֺ
ͺԨѪĺһ
̫ҿ϶ԵھŻ硣
̫ȥ򶨣˿һ˵ĺܶԣıԴ壬ܷڵĻģ򲻻ĺ
иģߣλѽ뿴
˽Ԩ
Ԩ̫̹žеɵۣԶȥԨһƬĺڶ
ǽ󣬷ﷺɫĹâ
ףԨ飿̹͵ʵ
̫Ҳˣһʧȥϵľ
ĸߴݡ
ҳĹʵһſǰС
źǣûκε
ˣ̫ǰ˺ܶǶûϣһ
̫͵һĵⲻԼʱʱĺ飬֮ӵ󣬾Ÿշֻʱǻеĵһ𡱣
ܳƺ飬һ
ҪûʧȥϣԻںб
Ϊÿһ飬ġ֮ۡĦܣܱٽ
⣡ÿϧ̫ûˡ
ҡҡͷϧ˵̫˵ջЩʧȥ˱ԴѣȻлǺܶѲ²⣬Щ鱻籾Դ´ǾĻ᣻㿴ǰǴȥصھŻУС˵ⲻһ޼Բĸ֣ʱ䲻ֹͣĽȻ¸յǰ¡
ţ
̫˵ͷÿɷ
Լȥ󣬲̹ˣԱŷԼһҪٻðȳȥա
̫ܲ뷨
˵ĶԣлԼȥһܱܲ¸ա
ܸգ˵ģǳͲԼ̫Ľľڡ
ǾƷ
ڴ˿̣Щ޹ؽҪһĿģҪغġ
˵ɣǼ̫
ţһ㶣ã
̫¶ɫĴߴ٣е㵣ǣ̫᲻˰ɣ
Ȼûκεİ취
˼ȥ̫ˣ̫ʼȥ̹źֻܸš

ھ
һܾõ첻㣬ܾãֻڵھλ
оԼĳױ֮زԶˡ
ÿʱ򣬵Ĳȵʱ̣ΨһģԨԼĻ磬硣
˵ʼձĴų⣬޷硣
ųľܾ룬ҲΨһο
һ޾ʱţʼҲκһ˿ĻԨͨ롱ܵų⣬

ףˣ˭ھɻ
̫ûפʱսҴҶ
ûˣѵģһɻ
ȥ
£Ҵ޲ˣκܽ
ȥѰҲ˷ܣΪѰĲݵڡ

һߣ
ѣ˭̹ʵ
޷һ£޲õ𡣴˴ڷڵıԵȥûµģҲ֪Ҫ²˳٣Ǿе̫Ѹٻ֮ءһ˿أû뵽Ѱ
ϣҪҼƻ
ΪˣҴҵĸָ̫ܵĵط
޲ãڡȴĲܴ
֡ˡһһ·βͣβ档
ڡ
ú̫ڸϵٻǿҵĵط
Ķ棬ǵھŻ硣

ԣﱾܵǿҵٻ̫
Ȼһ˵ûԴ壬ܴıݡ˵ֶ̹꣬ʵ̹ŵĸоأ
̹һ̽ұųĸоǵھŻ硣
̹һ󼤶һʧ䡣
ԼȻų⣬ĸо
βɻĿˣĵȻµҪ뿴
˿ֻǿӣûк̫һάȣԸ̫ܲԴ塣
Ҳ£뿴
ã˿ӡ̫ѣĪҪĳŵһᴫѶ֮ءȻʧȥ̹Ŵ£
ļã
Է֮صĹϤԶ̫̹Ϥ
ΪҪ̫ˣ˿ռάȵĲҪԼڵάˡ
ߴ̫ͬʱ˾̫ʧȥ̹ŴͲҪǰ㣬ˡ
ǣ㻹̹ţͼסǵĽ
Ǻܴھַ֮صķӡ
֪̫޲ĵ
˵̹꣬һۣ̹ĵ˵ͷ·ϾһˣԲķϻƪ
̹ŵѣűٴι̫˵꣬ײǰ·ɫռ䣡

飡
ͬһ̫ȥһ
ǲ˵άȡ
Ȼս룬ûڣͱ̫ײɫռ䣬ԼʧӰˡ
ûбı谭֮صˣ
⣬⣬⣿Դ壬ˣ⡭
𾪴ˡ
̹ź͵һá
˶˵ʱлµʱգ֮Ѹٵĺʹе˾롣
𣺡


1045 ɻ棬Ǽֽˣ
ģ
ɽǳһ޴ս
Ծìƺıݿʼ޼ȫֿȻì
ڣ޲ڻɣìǵĻ鱦һ˲ٿصĻ鱦
ֻʮǧƿص鱦Բǿ
ǻıܣǹֵչʾһ鱦ϣǾԵ÷˼ˡ
սѾ˽꣬Ĵսʧء
˵ǣɽߣͣˡ
ԭʮ飬֮ͨƵìĵģȫˡ
ûʮǧ飬֮ϵļˡ
˲˺ɽڲߴȼٵԭ
նɱ󣬺Ȼԭвͱƺĵĳì
ֵ飬ƺֻƷ
ºɽڲһĻ
һĻǣ޼ʥ⣬ʣֻ֣ܿΪǰﲻ޼ֿĳì
ɽĻ磬һںɽ׼ʥ󣬾ȴɱȥﲻ˶æǣƵá
ʴˣǰɽ׼ʥ֣һûֺ󣬽ʮ׼ʥɱ
ڣУסĽٺʥ˽Χˡ
ΣҲˣһʮĸɵĴںĽʮ׼ʥϴݻ£ǵĴ󱻻ˡ
ƺЩʥ˷ˡ
Աϣ½ʮĺ׼ʥڿʥ˵ķУ̶ǧ꣬˽ˡ
ǵһΣ׼ʥʧô
䣬ѾԺ˵˽ˡ
ڣǵûջ
˵䣬ýʥ˷ˣǵº͵ӣ
ʣľˣ˵ǰǵˣǳˡ
Ͼ꣬սɱ顣
´ǰǵˣĺΪĳֻԼǱЩɱ
֮£ϿܴȣʥϾ׼ʥɱۡ
һ꣬Щ˿ۣм޵ġ
ɱ㱾Դݽߣˡ
ʮǧ磬Ҫʮ޼ʥṩԴҪӳƵìһٶڱɱˡ
ʱ
ڲ졢ħ޵ˣȻоìһֿܵסˡ
ڼȫԸĹ󣬰һֱĳìһЩ
޼ʥһϲ
û뵽ʮ׼ʥɱȥ꣬á
ʤԶˡ
ǣڻУ
Ȼֻììһâ˸һӰˡ

һ˵Цһ

ǣħ񣿡
Ȼôãҵû֣
Ǵ˴ֵףֲô˴ֵ㹤ԭˡ
ü޲Tֻˣ۵Ӱ
Ϥħ
ã˾Ȼ޼ˣֻһ
˵˵濴ϵһȻ̫ʱҲϣֻغܽġ
ǣû뵽Լǧ࣬ڵʮĩβָ޼ɵĲΡ䣬Ҳָ޼ɵĲΡ
ԼĶ࣬Լ֯ģֺġ
ңҪǣħƺǳìˡ
ǻ鱦ԼĻ鱦Իʱ̹ŻԼ۲
Ȼ˳ì鱦
ֻغǾȡ
Ȼȵĺ̶ܴȣǰʱ˵ıйء
ѾвŴˣСǣߣǵھŻ硣ħ񡱶ԿճĽʥˣԼ׼ʥ
ĪҪִԲˣĲǰ򵥣Ǵǰļƻˡֻؼæ˵
ѣסְɣǿԺú顣ħΪʥУϤģֻ޷ڳȰ˵ǰ£ԼҪȰ˵ħ
һСϣǶʲô
ħȴһЦ
㣿㲻ǣ㲻ħ񣿡ħȻȵ
˵ħ𣿹˵һﾮ֮ܲ׵ġħŵЦ
⻰˵󣬳׵ֻ֪غˡ
һʲôˣԼǾ֮ܣħǰûôŰ
ֻغã
£Ϊ̫ĵӣЩʱ£̫˵ܶࡣ
ˣҪ˵ʱļ䣬ֻΪ׵϶⣬֪ġ
ʦ֣ʲô˼ħѵֻ飿ԪӶʯʵ
ʯˣ̫ã֪Ҳ࣬һŵĵʵ
ʦ˵ġʦû˵ʲôһħҲûôŰɣʯҲ
ʯһ١
ʦ֣ʲôæʵ
ȿȣʦ˵һ仰˵սʱϻ־;֣䣬ŵһŹ棬λʦʦö֪ɣʯʵ
֪ʦ˼ǣڻࡣ
Ƕ֪
ʦ֣֪

µһߴ١
ȿȣħǻ࣬ʦ˵ľ飬ҪԿˡȻ˵ܡʯ
̫ӣ

ڵھŻ磬һԵش
ֻһâ˸ǴӱԵϡһ
Ӱֱֳۣ̫ģ
һ˳̫ϲ
û뵽ô˳ΪܴıݣҲô˳ġ
Ȼʵˡ
ӷ֮Ԩײɫռ˲䱻ɫռ
֮˳ָһŨĺһ̫˳ŨĺƿһĤˮһŨĺ˳
ˣɫռʱƺһӰ֣׷˰ɣ̫һߵԼ峹״ӱۣһ߻ղŵ顣
̹ŵѲΣհɣ̫һ󲻰
ҡҡͷ
ƬУ˵̹ǿĺܶ࣬ɱ̹ŵļûС
̹ŵΪص鱦ɫںƬУԱס
Ϊάռ䣬ûжԣ̹ҪظҲ
Ҫ̹ŻһƬʱ䣬ǵһ𶼱ҵ
һɱ𣬵Ҳ˵
ǵļѰٻȥҵһ鷳ܣӲ˱ڵĺá
֮ǷһΪ
̹žͲǷӣᷢȥ͵һӲֻҪǵһѰҵ
һ룬̫˿
ֻǲ²ѣοһ⣬Ƿ˶ʱҲް̹ŵĴ֮ص˵Ǹջ󣻡һձնֻҪǲɵͲɱ̹ţ̹в𡣡
̫ˡ
̹û
̹ˣԼͲȥ֮ˣԼȥˣ֮صҲͳ׸ˡ
ˣ̹Ų
⻹ǰᡣ
̹˵˭ҲҲأ
ͺã
̫̹ŵİΣˣŵ廹ۣ̽һıݡ
һ̫̽еĲˡ
ȻܻܴȥֻҪ˺ĵ鷳㹻ıԴܷطֲ̹֮ŵѵıԴʱܴ̹ŵѻˡˣߣñԿܡ
̫ƻһЦ
ΪôаգΪ̹Ų̹Ǹ鱦塣
鱦ðֻҪʱһ£ίһ̹ţܴ鱦ˡ
̫ˡ
Ȼ֮İգҲ̫Խһαݵóġ
ղԽݵͬʱҲһʵ飬ֻҪ̹ܰŵıܴ̹Ż
ڴǰΪûΪǰûգûҪǲɹġ
˰գֻҪԼٴηأٴ㱾Դȥ˵һδ㹻ıԴԼΡ
ͬʱ̹Űϵã¶ɫ֪̹Ŵˡ
ڴ᲻̫Ͳˡ
ҲֻǱ߸ż
ԼΪ޾֮صͽ̫Իȥʰһ
뵽ˡ
̫һ£
䡪
뵽ˣһ£̫ûô
һȫıԴӱгˣԲĵ˲ͨ硣
ԴȪ޷죬

һඥһ޷˵ĸܡ
̫ڻУܵ˵֮εǿ
޴ڣ˵˲ʱδߣĶԡ
̫Ԫеķ֮ӣʱ˻ǣ̫ǡ
Ϊߣ޴ڡ
ǿǿ󣡡
ſĶ̫Ȼ˲ʮ֮һ硣
ʮ֮һж̫֪
ףҪԼһȫĵʱ̣ﵽʱ̡
ģˣ
Ϣʧû˺ʢʥ豹棬̫һʮ֮һУ̫ȥľȥģһͷ͵
·ʲô谭Σգһʮ֮һ硣
ǻıԵĻģ̫ϸ˵ֻҪ롣
ҪãҪһʱ䣿
ƣǾˡ
Ϊ֮ܶʱգʱ󣬾һ֮䡣

ǣ
⡭üһ仰û˵꣬Ȼо˻档
üһֹǻ磬Ǻģ˭
šͷֹˣ
Ȼֹħ񡱻˵һķһ󾪿֣
ģ
صĻսС
Ȼ䣬Ǻ飬ֵ飬ǺȻֹˣһ
һӰȴ谭д
ӰǺܡЦߵüǰ
üſھȵͺˣȻһģüʱջ˳
ȻֹһƬ磬ֿ˿΢Ц̫һУ
編ƣֵֻغ޲Tʱ򣬿üһ亹
žž
Ҹղţü˼
˼Լֹʱ̫ûѡԼϾȶٶ
üļں˵
ڣ̫ûм֡һֻغ޲T˴ʱվֹеĻ˳
˺üһľȣֹһ磬ֹзʱա
ǿһĻš
ǰ֮ΣֻҲﵽ
ɲֵ
ȻǿĿֲ˹
ʱյļΪʱû˱ȵ̫
οʱռĽϡ
ǽά̫һٶǳ˻档
˻棬׸ˣ
˵˻ĲС磬ǧǧǺģǻ硣
˻һֲܲ
̫ѺϵҲˡ
˾Уֻ̫ʮ޼ǰ
һ͵ģǿϢ
飬ս̫ϧˣӦڱĻ԰ɵķ裬λ˵ǲǣ̫תͷʵ
üֻһǳ鴤һ²ۡ
޲Tǿ˵㡣
ţ̫
˵꣬һ֣Ϣʧˣ̫һϣһͼƬȻղ
ʣģҲ編ƣ߲ʹȦǡǳ޼ǡԲ޼ǡ޼ǡݿ޼ǡ
ʣ޸̫ϲģ޿޼̫ˡ
Ȼ۳һ˵ͺĶһԴ̹ŵѵĳ뵽ˡ
Ŷ䣬ƺ̹ţ͵һ£ƺ뵽˱̹֧Ŀ־塣
ûҶʡ
Ϊȶü˵ʵԿĲû
ֻصȷηˡȻǿֲ˹
ţʱ޼ΪһУǲ˼顣޲T
Ψû˵ʲô
Ϊ֪̫ԼϵãһѣԼһˡ
ʱ
¡һ
ȻסãǷ̫͵˫һ˪𵴵ĳìħ
ħͳìƿ̫Ļ续棡
̫
һȣо޴Ĳĺͷŭ
ںƬУ̫벻һķƵìȻԼĻŰ
ǣڽһʮ֮һ󣬵֮ԴȪ̫һ֪һС
ʼȷһ£еĻš
뵽ǺģߵĺƬ֮أڻУԼƵì
ԼƵìǻܻǿԵġ
ˣ̫ˡ
ȵȣһߡħ뻣ס̫
κΣ̫·ŵΪ̫ᱻԼסȻԼּۻۣǡ
䡪һ˫ƾ۵ľ֣
ˡƵìʱ͵һಡһ˲С֮δ֪֮ء

ʱֹĻ续棬ָ
⣿
ղţ
һƬãȻ
̫Ŀ⿴Ƶìʧĵط˿׷ϣ޷ֻܿƵìߡ
˵һķˣ̫ĵ



1046 ǰ
Ƚ˵ص鷳֮ȥһ𡣡
̫󣬴Ƚ˵ص鷳֮ȥƵì鷳ɱˣʹˡ
һߡ
ȿȣҸ˵ʲôţڻ࣬Ȼˡʦж֤ʵǰжϡʯ¶ϲһӡ
ʦˣˡ
ʦˣʲôˡ
οһôǿʦһѾɵʦˡ
ʥ˺׼ʥǸ׸ղŷʲôֻǻһȻȻ󡭡Ȼͽˡ
̫ˣ֪ʲô
ֻ̫ӶƣںıƵìƿĵطʱֹ˺ĵԶϡ
Ͼʮǧأ˵ʧСе鼸ˣô˵Ǿ޴ջ
Щ磬ǿһǿĺģ͸µһˡ
˵̫֪һʲô⣬б޻

˻˻
̫ǿˣֱ˼顣
ʲôʱ
ǿʲô
ǿˣʮǧ类ֽ״̬
Ȼ˳Ƶìƿĺıݣʮǧĸ̲ˡ
ʱǾȵͬʱӦ˹ɻ󣺡ǰʮ޼أ
ŷʮ޼ʧˡ
ղǶ̶̵һ㱣ʲô̫һʵ
ۿһ㶣ֻ֪Ǹоһ㱣Ȼ㡣
⣿еǸղŵĻ㱣Ƕ̶̵һ˲·ʧһ١
ȿȡޱһԵֹһ٣һҲľ˲䡣Ҿʧȥһ
ղǻ㱵һ˲ȫˡ
ʥ˺ǰգԼղŵĻ㱴һľʡ
ôǳìģ
ôħģ
ôʮ޼ģ
·𶼴ˡ
֮ˣ
ǰһ̻ڴսԵĴսһѾ׺ɣ
ȥҫûôҫأѵ˵Լһ㱺ȫˡ

ʥ׼ʥһ̾Ϣ
Ĵսڽ˿
ʱʮ类գ̫ºɵˡ
Ȼغȥɣ̫Խʥ˺׼ʥ
Щʥһ㶣
ղŹžȣûݼ𣬻ûϲأ
һνύ֮θ˵Ļᣬơ
ǣ
ȴֲҲӦֻȷغģȻȥԼǡ
ɽĴսʥҲܹ֪ɽ类̣ʲôˣȻȥһº˰ɡ
ɢȥֻһ϶ˡ
ֻء޲TüˣҪӲġ
桢塢ĺȡ
̫𣬳ɵأ
̫𡭡
̫𣬹ϲ
һʱ䣬϶ǿʼ׷׹أĽĿ̫
һ̣̫һ԰ڵͷûУҪû֮ػ˵
ɾ˷֮صľϸջ˵һķ̫е㵣ġ
¶ԼʵţŵǰǻԵʣҪȥ֮Ȼ
˭ܱ֤֮صͽܹϾһѾˡ
̫Եе㲻
֪ǵһ𣿡̫ʵ
Щ϶Ǻģ̫˵һ£˳֤һ²֮
Ҳѯʣ𡭡üû˵̫꣬ˡ
ˣǶѣǳƺѰɣ𣿾˰ɡ̫üơ
ɣΪԴȪ壬ǿӦƣǳƺĺã򡭡
ˣˡԽ֮ִ̫ˡ
⣿ü໥˿
ðɣȻˡҵԽǾѭָü
ǵ֮ΣӦеơ
ֻغ޲TſģҲʱսǿϡ
ҲǿߣսǿϣԼ̨οü˵ĶԣǷԴȪľͷϸ
Ϊ̫׵֮εǿˡ
λѾ˾޴ı仯˫Ͽɵı仯ȻĵλѾ֡
ԭǣ̫ﵽ˵֮Ρ
ѣҲһͷһȻ˵ȥſ񣬵Գǵ֮Σ⡭ֻصӦ֪ġ
ֻصѣüѣһ²⣿̫ʡ
ʣ
ģʱλѿ̽Ե̫
ȻسˣҲ̽ɣֻص
˵ͷ֪ԽģԻ羡ͷ̽ϵҲˡ
𣿡̫һʱǲǻԵݲɴԽ
ȷˣ˻ش
Ȼ̫˿
Ȼǰ̹˵ģʱħǣȷ̽ԵɶԽȥҲ˵ûȥ֮ء
ԭƣԻħơ
Ÿ綼һʱħ񲻿ȥ֮أֻ翪ٺ󣬴߳飬ڴΣʱȥ֮ء
ͨˣ֮ش޾£ɻеĸһ֪
ѣ˼ǣֻƺ
̫ûһԻԵ֮⣬һкƬĵط
ʲô
Ƭ
֮⣿
˵粢Ψһл֮⣿
϶ըˣ̫˵е߸Ȼô˼ĵط
λѶǺĵ֧ǻļǵھŻļͲǵɳѹСˣҶ˵һ¡
̫ʼͷʼ
ȿȣѣһ£һɫܸӵĴ̫
ʵ̫ѣ˵ڴ̹֮Ǹ쵰㣬㵽˷֮أ㣬㣬
̫Ŀ϶̹ޣΪ̫ˡ
ڵĻ粢ΨһֻǴľŷ֮һ׳ƵھŻ磬֮صƺ˺󡭡û뵽ҹĵһʱ䣬Ϳ˵һĺ֣˵һѾǼ԰ֶˣ˱ܲ
̫˵һС
˵һĬʼ̫߸Ե
ֻǾŸ֮һ̹ûиĺƬһͽƺ֮ء
ԼڵĵھŻ磬һҲĿǰ׳Բһһͽĵط
Լ˴ǰźͺƲϵ뱻ľ볬Խ磬ԭԼôп᣿
Ҫ˵ȥ˷֮أԼҲͽһԱȻߣǲܶµĵȥ˸
뵽һ亹ԭԼģǺĺͻǵ
ûʧȥԲ֪ϧ
Ҫúõϧ˿̲У֮ʮüأ
󡭡
𶼶˵ˣҲóеΣ粻ǱĻ磬еھŻĹͬļ԰ˡ
˵
ԸеܵΡ
ǼǼ
һϺ󣬷׷ױʾӦˣĺͻҲǵġ
ڸı䣬ʵûʲôıġ
ķչҪٺҲҪԺĵڲɱֹ
ֹģʱЭѣ˵ı䲻
úķ˳ల¡
ȷȫˣҲû˽ϣͲпỹеģֻܱ֤ڲ漰ʱ
̫ѣ˵ģԽ룬ƺҲʲôʵ
̫˵ˣͽǽܽĻǵһǿߣòԼûɶð
ţĿǰȷûãҲûָǷáҵ˼ǣЩҪǣ˵𲻸ǻ᣻⣬ʥ˼⣬ҪüֻλѣҪִ磬СǵȥǿɱŭڵĲܲˡ̫
⻰
ģ
ü˵˵ͷʾ⡣
ʣʥ˺ģԼûãԼȻûã̫ˡ
ôҲǺǰô̫˷أϵҪ
üˣ̫Ҳ֪ô
ȥ󣬼ƻɱܳ˲š
ǲ֣ܶǿСǵڿ֮䡣
ѣȥɱһһֻ̣Ҫһһ̵Уô׿ԽܳɲţĻر

ˣǻȥԼ£˳һ¡⣬ȥһ¸Եʧȥҵһ𣬻һᡣ̫
ʱغģü̫Ļʵ
ʱȥûãһ⣿ƣ𲻰ġȥһ˵Ȼȥһ¡̫ҡҡͷ
Ҳá˵˵ͷ
Ȼȥˡ˵̫꣬ʧˡ
Եһʧһ˿켣Ҳ
ڳһĽ

ڻһŰ֮أֻһì
ǴǰߵĵһƿصƵì
̫ȻˣȻô֪СȻ͵Ļᶼ
һޱȵķŭ
ƻˣ˭뵽̫·
˵һھŻᱻԼɵĻס
Ϊʲôһ仰ʱ䶼Լ
ˣ޳ܵСʲô֪Ȼҽ͵Ļᣬǿɶ񣡡
ԽԽԳŲߣڷ֮ضˡ
û뵽̫ʹˡ
̫ƺԼ˵Ļᡣ
ô͸ġ
Ȼ֪£ǣһ뵽

һʱյķι̫ܿˡ
һ˵˭أ
̫Ҳصĵһ𣬻Ǻɵġ
һʮ֮һ磬Ҹ̫ˡ
ο⡰ìѹû
СȻˣ˵ľ㣬֪С
Цһ֮صͽǵһΣ
㡭˵ʲôȻֹ
һĳìһԼʲô֮صͽ
̫Ȼ֪Լ
㣬㣬˵ʲôһ𲻸ŵʡ
һ磬һ𣬱õͽ˵д𣿡̫ʵ
㣬ȻȻ֪һѡ̫Ϊ֪Щ
˵֪£ǣ̫
Ҫɱ㡣һŭģֻ֮Ƶì˲乥̫
鱦ҲУ

̫ʮƷ
ãǻ鱦鱦Ȼռû̫ǻ鱦һһá
ӡ֤̫ĵ̣л鱦ĳɵ֮ˡ
˵սսӮκβ̫̫֮һ㣬ҲƻԼƵì
Ĵ㣡
䡪
˽֣Ƶì˺Զ̫Ҳ֣ѹŴȴٲƵì
鱦ΣȻĿǰԼ𻵵ģԼǰ̹һ̹ŻиĻ
һкĬ֣ûҪȥ
һ˵ھŻĿģ̫
ĿģȻ֪֮أ˵Ŀʲôһ
ô˵ĺͱˣ̫
ղƺͽûƺҺᣬ˵ĺܶԣһͽһͽ㻹ָʲôҪѷ֮أھŻǱĻᣬ㣬Źһ
̫һ̾УɱУǲɱˡ
ԼڵһĴԼҲռݵھŻ磬޶
ֱӣʳıˣ
ߣս׷ˣһ
̫˶Ǵˣûκλ͵ء
Ҷκβ˱˴ˣôԼҪģǾ̫ܿԻ̫͸Լı
ˣΪϼƣ
̫ûΪûãĿͻ鱦Ƶìƻʧǰ
ıʲô̫ܲ
ѵҪ£ΪԼһ֣лѵһ𳹵׸ϳȥҲ˳һĿģ
̫òƷ֮ǰļƻ
֮ǰΪʱ֪һ֡
˿ַ̣֮صӣƺ˽һıġ
ǣ˶ǻ޷һ̶ȸ󣬴Ӷˡ
˵һµĵͨǰƿħģ˵ħһʧС
˵һ𲻽ͨܶµĵҲͨƵìƿأµĵ
Ǳµĵǿ󣬵ʱѰ죡
⣬ΪܽھŻ磬ѵԵʣھŻⲻɣ˵Ĵ˭б޽أڵھŻ磡
ھŻ磬вͬ˸棡
̫϶
ҲգȻغĸ֮ǿͨƿ֮˳ߴ컯ɵʱߺһ˺ͬޣһǿҲӦˡ
̹ŵѣȲһɣ



1047 ߸֪
ǲǶôҵõǣ
̹һƣΪҪͣһ󣬽ֱҵˣ·
һΣ̹ŵѣˣΪ׷ˡ
㲻˵ĲȻܴ󣬵֮ػСֻҪѱҵ㵽вУ̹ŵ
ǰԼ̫˵˵֮صǿȻ಻СһҪҲǺܼ򵥵ġ
̫֤̹һûµģ̹Ŷúúõģ̫Ĺ
һ̹ҲˣΪ̫ߺԼͣһʱ䣬û뵽ʱ̣ǡ
Ǽʶ̫ݺˣ׷ɡ
ȷ˵ǵҪףҵ˼û˷ʱǱ׷ʱҲѱҵһơ
˭뵽ⲻڴ̹ţԼ̫ĴԽ
̹һ˼ǣǽһֱ׷𣿡
޿κε

ƻˣΪҸط̫ĵ
⵹ãͣˣ·ɡ
㣬չһܡ
̫뿪֮أ÷ֺһ׷ܣ̹ͣļƻܡ
λѣվסûб˼ǿ顭
λѣܣŲҴѶ֮أʱ׷λѵģͲһˡ
̹źᣬܡ
ǲĳѻᣬ˵ȥҪǴȥˣûľ
ԣвǲ
λѣܿϵıУԶǣλͣһ¿ɺá
ֹһвûãʼˡ
κΣ̹žǲһ·ܣ
˾㣬չ׷̡ܵ
У̹źҪ̫ѻҲԼô죿
Ǻã˶ӵĺˡ

ڵһУ
һĿĲֱ̫ˡ
̫Ĳ㣡
һй󣬵һŻָ侲
ŵõ͵һþûһ㷢ŭˡ
Ҳͨ˭ƻĻᣬ˭ᷢ
һᡭ
ʦ̫غˣʵ
ߣһָ侲ҲףйŭǲǵģҪȥ
̫ɵˣݻ˱ڵھŻ粼ֵİ˳ɼƻĿħҲˡһ
⣿͵һ
һֵЩñģϾǴǰԤñ𲻰ǣ̫ȻԱָƣԷ֮Ҳ֪֮꣬ñ𲻰
ʲô
̫Ȼ֪ʦ֪֮أ
ⲻܵģ
׵һΪЪ˹ˡ
ԭ̫֪Լ˵ĴڣһΣˡ
ô֪ʧʣ
ߣһһߣ˼ǣҪ֪ҾͲˡ
ǰѵ̫֮أ
ףȻһף˵˵뷨
ǣǰ˵ԴԴԽݣ̫ˣӦǳɵ󣬻Եɺ֮أԶǺ˽⣬غǵĲ֡
ôԵɺϣߵ
ĪҪǵھŻ磬˭ԤϵھŻĳɵߣͲܸӦ֮أǴǰǿٵغɵ̽Եŷֵķ֮𣿡
һһ˵
֮ص𣬶Ļ磬翪ٵгɵ󣬷ֵķ֮ء
иͬǳɵʱĩڡ
ԽͺˣΪͳȥˡ
ˣ̫Ǻķʱɵġ
˵̫ǳɵûеһʱȥģ˷֮أ˽ֻص˺ģ
ˡ
˵ͨˣԤдˡһڻָ侲
ǰף˴ڲƿغδ֪ĲС
ڴ˵ͨˣ̫Ĳ̶Ҳ»ˡ
ϲδ֪Ͳƿأδ֪Ǻ侲ֻصϡ
Ҫӳ顣ϧĿħ̫ˣĿƵìµĵˣһòա
Ƶľҵ;µĵºܼѣϣ
̫ϣ
Ƶìµĵˡ
ʱע֮أ̫˵δ֪֮ˣɵĴǺδ̶֪ƽˣҪʱ̶ŷ֮أԨܷɾ裬Ƿ̫档
һѸٵ˼ƻ
ƿغ÷֮أ̫ˣͺ˵ˡ
ǣ

ģ
̫͵һٿصƵìҴһ̫ˡ
ӭķʽǣ裬ʢʥʽ̫һɵ֮ˡ
˿̵Ҳ벽ѡ˵һ̫ͺĵƽһˡ
콵¶Դɷ硣
Űɽ磬̫һѸٵıֲƽ˺ۡ
ķʽ̫ΰ
崺磬еߵĴڣƿԼ
һһǵ
ϣ̫𡭡ϣ̫ħ
ͬƣȴΪһˣ̫
̫ʮǧ磬γһ޴ƣڲϵС
СԭǱһںϡ
ԵѸٵʮСǱ֮һҲһĵ
ĸ׳󣬸ˡ
˷֮صľ̫Ժĸӵϲ
Ҫ֪֮صǣǶôԼҲˡ
Լƿ£׳˵ز̫ޱȵο
ʱ
䡪
һʥӺıԴ֮ض
̫΢΢һЦʥ⣬ֻ̫Ԫ֮Уʥⱻڻ
Ǻĵľ̫е㾪Ⱥĵľٶ
˵ǺеȨ˸ӣ̫ںһˡ
ģ̫
ģ̫Ҳ
Ϊ̫飬
ñѲٿغĵһȨ̫
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Υĵһ仰
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̾˵ĶԣԼֵǲȫˣʮֻʣԼˣҪڸǰȥֵܽǸ

PSע1򵥽һ̫֮κı仯


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1052 ʮһ꣡
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ʮǧ类̫ԴĲϵ¡
ڣɽս˺۱ƽΪǿԴӣɽսƻѾûټ
ʥıչʮ꣬ͷеľ
ȻҲʱ䡣
ĴսսջģҪչЩ
ŵʯˣʮ̫۵ʧˣǴӸ˹
ǳ˾޴
ԪӺŮ洣ĿǰΪߵĵӡ
ʮĸ˴ǰսľ飬ڵֵӰ£˵ľΪܴ
ԪӣԪ޽ɰ˲ľ磬ΪǳֻǻԪ޽ĵز
Ůһˣڵֵĸ£ﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɰ˲㣬ΪԪӻֻлԪ޽㡣
Ϊνô
ǵֵá
һ̽һĴĿ
̫ĵ֣ıǣ𰸡
֪ŴȻһĥ޾¿
Ԫи󣨲Ĵ𰸣˴𰸺󣬸ݴٶȲö˵ˡ
˴˴ξôԭ
ˣҲ㣬Ϊƽ̶̵ʮ꣬ͽ㣬ڵڵĿԽ
Աȴ򣬾ôѸ١
⻹ǵ㣬Ҫ͸ǿһ㣬̫ĵ֣ͻ޼ɶɡ
ʣµĵڶݣʯľͿ顢ˡ
ڵڶ׶Σ˵ľȫﵽ˻Ԫ޽㶥壬ڵڵĴԽסˡ
ݵѡá
õĸģӶв࣬õľֻǴﵽѡ
ˣ˸Ӷһóջ
ջĲǡ
׷ԪӺŮ洣ֻÿֲ˹
̫ǿˣ˵ִǿĸźͻ۳׵ˡ
֮ǿȪħǡˡ
Է֣Ϊ͵ĺ츳ߵģǽߡ
ȻЩҲʲô
һϼһҪ֤Ԫ޽ˡ
̫Ļֵ̫һɲʱͶˣ̫ĵһۣͳ˽ȥ
̫Ҳûᣬ˸ִ
ʱֵ֮ӣ׼ʥڣڣʮʧԲˣ㿪֤
ٶȣ̫һ󣬶ʱɵˡ
ʶЩʧ̬
Ϥ
Ĺʱ͵õңָ㡣
ԻϵϤ
񣬻û̾ξ޴ջ񣬾Ϳ˻ϵ
ʱջϲöɢˣԼȻ˻ǰ
ǻǰ
ô˵꣬ʯɵˡ
룺ֲôϤԼҲ뵽ˣ̫ûʣ
ʦôһ˵Ǿˡ
λѣϵ
ңңǰǳƺǵŰɣңعİ˴ӣæʾҡ
ԭ̫ˣʦѻǰ˵ʦĺԻǰĸ
׽ôҳƺѣ
˵˼ҵȷǰֻѡ
ǿΪλĪҪˣɷϵλԸ⣬ɵϵ֤˵ƺҲ֪̫ЩӵΪ顣
˵ģǿΪԼǹϣԼΪȲϡ
ԼĽԴšԼʱ䣬ֻҪԼʱ䣬ʢԼܿ׷ϣԽġ
ԽԼţԼı֡
űѹˣûţǻʲô
ʯЭˣƺСѡ
֮ڵ֪˻︴ʮһ꣬ʹӴ޳ڵ׼ʥԲ
һںĵ֮Ӻˡ
֮Ԫӡ֮ӿ֮ꯡȵȡŵ֮ࡣ
Щ֮δС
˼Ҷ̶ʮ꣬ȻӴ޵׼ʥԲôȣ
Һû˵λ⣬ϵѸٵԭΪҵĸ̫רŵĶ͡ϵʱ̣İţҽܿⷽ󡭡ΣϵĸԺ͵ġȻִУһش󡣡
ⷭһͣŽм֮˿
ô;̫ˡ
ҺãҺã
ǣ
ΣǵȤˣϹŶĻࡣԼҪŬŬѸٱϹŶԽ

һߡ
ħҲڴ˴εıչУջܴ
úһϢ
׼ᣬ߲㶼϶ˡ
Ϥһȣʵû뵽϶ôͱˣǷ񰡡
ȻҲֻǾһ£֮Ϳʼ׼
׼컯Ԫһο
ǵǰ˵ģΪ˻֮ǰ鲻ϧĵֿ֣οǸôġ
ÿ컯ԪĿһκʢҲһ嫵һΣΪھŲҲῪ
ھŲӦĿ޼ɲΣ
ҪǱʱ䣬治ôƴ۵ĸȫ컯Ԫ
ǣģһжˡ
˭ڵʱ̱ңû˸ҡ
̫ĺôǣܱ֤ĵİ
̫磡
һڷ
棬ǻı
ﱻֻ̫𺳶ѣͣˡ
ΪˣҪǿеʦʦ棬ʦڣʲô涼ܷ
ε棬ǵһ
¸ֽ̫ջ˴ǰµ鱦컯ԪĽ컯¯ⰵ֡ȵȡ
֮˵һԴһ
ڵһ㶣
⻹粻ջشǰĴأ
һԴ˴ӣԼʥ˭ò
ֻΪʦֲͶ֪ͨ¸ǣǱҲҪһͬʡ
ʦ࣬ǽˡ
ǽʯ˿续߸޼ǳˡ
߸޼ȺںϣںϺȻӵп޼ĸšͬʱȲԪǣǴӴ˱任ǵı彫ǿ޼ı壬Լɡ
ˡһ
ڵˣ
ȻֶΣ
ں߸ܣԼĸŴﵽ⡣
ʦԼͿ޼ıںϣ
Լıûˣıǿܵı塣
ԪŮˣһʱˣΪߵıţǺĶ
ںϣ벻ں϶кôôѡ
ںϣȻҪıԼĵ޾µĸ
ںϣƺͻǿı壿
Ѿ˭ܲΪ֮
һãֱѯʦֵõѡʱ俴˿ûвĻ
ԪӺŮ洣ʱã˼ˡ



1053 ѡ
ڳֻ̫Լ˴ӣв˵Ļ
̫˼ӣдˡ
ôѡ񣿡̫ʵ
ʦ𣬵ϸŻԣӲںϡԪӡ
ʦ𣬵Ҳǣ֮ںǶ⣬ҲںϿܱ塣Ů洡
˵ı̬̫ĵ˵ͷ
һһ磬һһء
֮ǰ̫ԴʯӵĿ꣬ǻԪ޽ɡ
̫ʱΪֻд޽ɲΣʱĿֶΣֻܰʯ񡢿顢ޡľൽ޽ɡ
̫Ϊ޼ɺ󣬸оӣԼ£ȫԴﵽ޽ɺԲһļʴﵽԪ޼ɡ
ٺ˴˿̣̫֮μܺаܰѵ޼ɺڡ
ڳɵ
˵Ϊûпܣɵ̫ˡ
⣬Ů洺Ԫˣ̫˱кܴġ
޼εʱ̫аǳɾ޼ɡ
ڣ̫һԳɵ
Ͼ֮صͽָ߳ġ
ֻ̫ҪΪȲĽɨ֮صͽ
ֻҪһܰͽץоѺü޽ӵԪӺŮ洵ϣһİճɾ͵֮Ρ
һһأΪ仯
ˣԪӺŮ洣˾ǲںϿܣ̫Ҳģɵ֮Ρ
֮ܳɾ͵֮ڣû̫
ԣԪӺŮѡںϣ̫о
սԣǵɵ֮Σսܴ
Ȼ
ʯǣ̫ȴϣԪôᶨ
ʱᶨǴ޴
ź츳Ͼÿ鶼ƽġ
أ̫ʵ
Գ˳˼ԪӺŮʦᶨ
ʯǰһʵʦ𣬵֪ǵļ𣿡
ⷬһʣ̫˵ûмޡ
ûм޵ǰᣬǽԼ޽ǰ¡
̫ţԼΪʵǣĿ;޻᲻ϵı仯ڿɽɽҲˡ
شĻԼȷԼʲôʱԴﵽﲻ
ˣֻܰԼĿǰ۹Դ
ԪӡŮˡа˵֮Σ֮ˡ±Ϊмޣοء̫
̫û˵󻰣ļޣ˭˵ǳɾʹ
ɵʱεĴڣֻк۳ɴһûС
Ǽˡ
ֵˣ޺ܿǴ޽Բ߽Ҳ޼ɵĲΡ
˵ˣȴˡ
ӵĸ̫ϤһģȽϿӶ硣
ҪԼϵĸǾд˿̵ĳɾ͡
дסǰ츳̫˵ϧ̫Ĳֲ£Ҳʹһĸš
ȻҲóд˿̵ĳɾ̫ͣж
⣬˴ʱ̫ҲǾ޴ء
֮⣬ǵĺǵԸ
ĺԸѾ̫ˡ
ۺǴﵽĿǰεԭ

ƺûжʧ䣬ᶨ뷨
ȻףԼĸšʦҲֹһ˵
ҲȽϹʦ̫ڵĳɾ͡
ļֻ˵ڤڤ˺ģ˲ʦ
ʦҲǸԣгԪӺŮʦãʣԼˣʲôǿġ
ѡӣר׿ԽǿģʦһԵѡ
ڣԵһαʦǰôѡ˲ˡ
ʦľǾܾģѡġ
Ȼˡ
˶һۺʯʦ𣬵ѡںϡ
˵ѡ񲻴̫⡣
ԪӺŮ洣˵ѡҲ
˴˿
룺ѡˣֹһʦĿ飬ʦ⡣
˸ѡһԼںϵĿܰɣ̫˵
ſʼϸĦ߸ܡ
ľ˲˿ռоԼĵһĿꡣ
Լľǻ缶Լõѡ
ںϲںϵı仯󣬶ġ
ˣҲܵľȵĿ⣬˺ľʦ֣ʦܣĿꡣ
ңҲϲľͷ
ʦ𣬵ںľȻش
ƣ˿ռ䷨۵ĻռǸռ䷨ʺϵĸţѡܺá̫Ӧˣ˳˵˴˾ĸš
ľһϲȻǿռ䷨۵ĸţⳬԤơ
ʱΪ𣬿ռΪռǵڶû뵽Լд˻Ե
˵˶һ󼤶
ǿ飬Ǹռ䷨ģоԼ˾޴ĻԵ
ʦ𣬵ںϣʯҲ˾
ʺϡʯ壬޼᲻ݣܺһķ֮һ̫
˵꣬ʯˣԼĵĸоߣȻû
ʦ𣬵ںϡҲѡˡ
ܺãǹںңĺǷ֮δ̫
ѡҲʺϵġ
ʦ𣬵ҲѡˡӸо⽣ݺ͵Ӻϡ
źĴ˾Ѹٵȶ񣬸ŵĵĸоֺȻ֣ʺԼĲǾ⽣ݣ⽣ݸԼһ֣һԼĸо
úã˽ݣǿշ֮֮޼᲻ݡǳռĽϣʺϵľ㣬ҽ֮֮ԼΪϣʺĵȿռҪʺϡ̫
鼤һź
û뵽ȻʺԼģղŻź˿ռû뵽⿴ȥȴԼĶģԼġ
ȻǳͿռĽϣǿռ佣ǳĽϡ
޼᲻ǽݵġԸ񡱣ȴС֮¡
ԼǿһȥۣȻҪŵĸоߡ
ʦ𣬵ѡˣҪ𺣡СѾͷҲѡˡ
ǰƻΣ̫Ķָ㣬γ˻Ʒ򡣱ĳɵǻ̫̫
̫ѾӵİƷ̫֮ںϡ
ѡ𺣿ܣһϵںϡ
ġ̫΢ЦʣѾͷ㣬ѡģΪô
̫㲻Ѿͷ뷨
ôԵľȻôѡǲ֪ʲô
ѣÿɰԸѵѡ
ǽޣѡ֢СұԸޡ
̫ɶ
Ѳ˼ӿ𺣸оĶǵӸоÿΪһᡣ
̫֮εΪˣȻһͷ亹
治֪ô˵ѾͷֻܰοԼĺãԪ޽ˣƤԸ
ȷԼĺãû޸ʥˡ
ðɣѾͷ˵ˡ̫
ϲĵޡ
Ӹ̫ĸоŮһ
Ըã񾲰ȻСұ񡭡һδĹŮ
Ը񣬺ϲ
Ѿͷأ̫ʣ
ʦ𣬵ѡˣӸо߲ʹʺϣС
ȷ̫˵ͷʵΪα㣬˵
⣿ʦʦѡѡҪʦʦҲϲأ
̫
ðɣ̫ˡ
ǽľˮ߷ںϵĹΣټ֮ǽľˮƣ㡣
ֻ̫ô˵ˡ
߸ڶѡˡ
ΨʣһϢ
̫ꡢںϵĿϢ˵ǿģǺܿϧȷʺǡ̫Ե˵
˵̫ԸоԪӺŮһ΢
ԪطںϢϣֻ˵
ҲȱݣҺܴ
ںϳɹǰʮķԪҪɵ̫ˣỨ޾ʱ䡣
Ŀǰ֮
ȫ޼ɺڴ쵽ȷʺϵ·
ЩԪӺףȴɱģеڵĸо
ŮҲˣ컯Ŀǰ̫˴У˵ǿһ
˵ķǿϾӻпռȷء
˵Ů洶ַ
֮ˣǿշľռ䷨ȣֻǸһƤëûдռ䷨ĸ˵֮ϵĿռˡ
ΨŮ洣Ŀǰ˸Уȴ컯Դһ
컯ǺϢꡢϣо޴ƶ
̫㣬ŮԪӶʺ
ϧҲһѣ̰á
ǲ̫̫һеĵܼٽ
ǣһǰķ򣬶Ը
ο͵޴
Ŀǰ޵ķƤë̫ѾԽ򣬿ʼԴȪĸˡ
ͬ
ǰ˵ģ̫ϸ˵˿ֻܽ򣬲
ԭյ㶼ǴΡ
εĻֻ˵Ҳ
޷֮۳ϸСѡ
ߵԭ򣬴֮¶ֻܳƺ
ֻ̫Ǵһ˿Ҳܳƺ֮Ρ
Ϊһ˿ӦԲ
֣óߵԭ
еں϶ɵĹ򣬶ֳַߡ
ǧǧָ˵ǧ
ԪӺŮ洵źֻ˲š
ܿ죬̰á
ʯʦ̰ȴûлᣬںϿܣ˺ԼһʵǳԽĸš
ԼʦŮ洣ѾǿţҪ̰»һա
ԣ˺ܿȶ񣬲Ϊ

ڵѡɺ̫Ըȥ
ԪӺŮ洣ʱ̫硣
̫ȥ˻硣
ȥѰܵص㡣



1054 ʱ
¡
ô£ôˣ
ãֻĸо
⵽ô£ҵķȻܿˣ

һδ֪硣
Ȼ䣬粻κεطȻ
֮󣬴鿪ʼ֣̿ڽǲԤ֪ı仯
ǰԷе飬Ȼӿˤ䣬һĻŵòᡣ
ôߵĸ߿ˤ䣬ѸٵĿԼ۷ֿӴײ
ǺȻ
־ķ֣ķʼܿƣ˵ʧһ
¡
ֻһƬˤ֮࣬ںϽ˴С
еģȻ˱ȽջӲǴӿеѸҽ׵Ŀ
ƺڵĵ棬ʯһ޴޻
ֲ˼ľʧء
˵ʧء
ǰߵ飬ᷢԭ̤Ѿ˼ǿ粻һֻԭ̤
еģţȻٵĵˣǰߣɽѸٵ
ߣһԽ
Ĺʧˡ
ѾϤʽǱһʮֻҵĵط
׹䣬̫ɢ翪ʼֹˮƮա
ߵһĻ˼Ծȫˡ
·Ϥ磬һߵ硣
磬ƺΪ硣
һ磬Сǧ磬ǸƽС硣
꣬޾Уγһǿ硣
һ죬Ȼˡ
ǲϤһδ֪硣
Ƿʧı䣬ǱҲʼ仯
ߵԴ𵴣
ڴ籾Դ֮ء
ֻһɫ⣬谭Ĵ˱Դıݡ
⳩ͨһҪĵطģҲ־֮ء
¡
ʱԴ֮أ˲䷢ľɲǣ޾ǰ赲ɫ⡣
⣬˺üһʥˡ
ı仯ӦѸٵ˥ͱԴƺ˲ˡ
յıԴ۳ǰĸʥˡ
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ֻһ·ǰУǵǰıԴǿʥˣȫһ֮ˡ
ˡһǾ޴𺳡
Դ֮ص־ۣѸٵĻɢʧˡ
͵Ĺתֹͣ紦С
ɫֹͣж
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һԼǻۡ
ɫ⡰һˣâҫԴ֮ء
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ಡһֻɫıԴ֮أ۳һµʶ
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׳ˣϸµĹ˲ˡ
ǰһȭһɽһȭԻһСꡣ
֮ǰɾܷ˲ƣڣٽɲſԡ
ƺĸıУ˶⣬ıԴȡֲ˴硣
ô
ôȻˣ
찡⵽ô£
һУ׼ʥ֣˽Ϊޣصһ顣
ǿһռһޣ飬ǵ
ҲǴƵߣΪ翪ĵ·
һ̣ҲΪһ˿öûС
شǶεµģ
ǸϹı仯תĹˣˣǵһжˡ
֪γֻ֣ܱĽܹı仯
Һһƽ磬ǵһķ硣
ǵһķ磬ܹһ䣬ȫ塣
ֲֻı仯޵ĺôǶ޾Ķ⡣
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ڴ˽ıԴ֮أ
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͵˵־˽ѾɷϺĹ򣬾Ѿռϣ
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˵ĿģΪһ
ֲֻܿ
ȻǻһʶȻԼռݣռݺ󻹸ıת
ָ˽綨Ϊ--磬ϣ
뿪
͵Ľ⣬ƺ˵
Ȼֻ⴩˱ԴıݣŴ˽ݶȥ
ûʧκεһ˿Դ
ռ磬ı磬뿪ˣҲһ˿εĺ˽ݣԶƺ˸˿߲ٿһ硣

У
һصС
ֻɫŴ˵ض˵һЦ߸ˣջܴ󣬿Լ
ֻ˵󣬽ǧɫɢŻ̽
֮ǰɫ񿴵ĳ˵Ŀָ̽С磬Ȼռ--ռ-ٿء
˭
˭ô޳ڻ޾СȻı䣿
̫
ĿģΪںϿ޼
˳׷ݱԴѰ£ܿҵܵĻ֮ء
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׷ݵܵʱ󣬶÷ںϡ
ʱĿǣѾصǸյʱڣʱǺܴ
ǼյʱںףҲϳɹ
ԣ̫ܿʱջ-ں-ȣһϵеļƻ
ȸ˺ܶࡣ
ŵǷʱպУͿںϵĽ׶Ρ
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еֻȶǿ㡢еǿռƬеĿȽн磬еһС硢иǿСǧ硣
֮Ķ磬ĿǰֵǿСǧӦоС
µ̫ʼֵƻƻƻ
ȻҲǡ˼ƻ
ν˼ƻΪ׼ģҲΪΪ׼ġ
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ʱ޷֤ʵΪ̫Ʈ죬ľ̫ԶֻܵĿꡣ
־֮µĴڣڵڶǴ֮ӣ
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ǣ־һܿҲ޷Աȣֻ桢ǿ
ģǾŴĴ
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ԣ֮µǿߣҲǷ֮صͽһ
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ݿóҪԡšԵ⣬Ҫľʱˡ
޾ʱۣΨһ;ڻԵšȫ߱µǰ£
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ĪҪˣ޾صȥܣҿյף
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Ҫʵ޾֮ͽв
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ʱ䲻ˣ̫뵽Ѹٽİ취Ǹݺ֡顿ķʽ߶
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ܵ˻εķ֣ǺúõĿƼôȻ䣬һ
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ȻݱĿ꣬ɲǵ˷㡣
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1055 棡
ˡ
صĻУֻһ˲ʹκȻ֡
̫û뵽ںϵģԼϲĵޣһ߳ʱյĳӡ
׵ĺʹǰ߲ʹںˡ
ָ̫һ㣬Եɡ
ǰ߲ʹΣǽľˮף֮ںס
ʶӻʱ䳤ںϵʱѾɹˡ

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ܲҲʮ־ᡣ
ôãʲôĿĶûУܽܵġ
쵰ˣ
ڣС궫ĸ˴Ӧġɡ
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1056 һ˲䡭
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һſȥСݣհڻС
㣬쿴ʦɾ޼ˡ˷ܵĶ˵
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ĳɵ컯ȣںͽݵںϣһεĿ齣
ɾ޼ɵĴڣڽ׵ɲǣĳɵںϣһļʣ˽޼ɲΡ
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ɾǺıϣԪ޼ɲȫԸĸ·Ҫǧꡣ


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һ㱺󣬷̫Լǰ˲ˣ̫ѰԼˣ죡
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̫ѲҪˣʼɡ治μˣ˴̫ĳƪۡ
Ŀ̫˵ûͰԽԽΰ
ţҲá̫Ȼɫ޲

ֱϢʱճк󣬲˿ղҺסˣεĳ档
ڣϢͽʱճˡ
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̫ϵĻǣ˵ĵӣһ޴ĳìڶš
ҳ
̫ˡ
ʯ䣬˵ز׳ȴδ֪



1057 ϳ磡
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ԣ̫ȷţʮپͳɵƶǲܵģ鱦ǵ֮κڲɻ̫ǿҲܻƻ鱦
ߣȻˣ̫ʲôֶΡ
һ𲻶ϵҰοţ̫ûлٻ鱦͡
̫ľٶԽԽ塣
ֻ̫ĽƵìŴ߶е֮ӲƵìȥ
ڡ
ԡ
һֿһӲ֮κͻ鱦ĶԾǻƻǣںڰնĻУһ˸ĳ硣
һ·ӲնĻΣһ鱦һ֮ΣеΣܶ鷳첻˺
ڣ
ã̫ѱƵݣȻҪͨıԴѱƳ𣿡
һȻˡ
̫ܴ֪ԼĿǰƻƵì뵽һ취
취ǰƵìƳ硣
һȻˡ

һվǵһֶܺΣҲ̫ȫ͸ġ
ϸ˵һ̫֣Ҳδ޾µĵһ֡
һ˲öע⡣
һ̫뵱ȻˣΪԼķƵìƳģԼͽˣ
ģƵìѾԴֲǱ̫Ƴ磬ƵìȻᱻһڶͽ
޷Ǵеѡ
뵽ˡҲãҲ¶ı̫Ƴ磬ȻԨűƳһ̣ʱԲʵңҪ̫һĽѵ˵ƻĺã̫ˡ
ֵ̫ݵĶҲ޷ʱ̫Ϊұ׸ϳˣȫԲ¶ɫİƵìһͽֻҪ̫֣̫벻ֽˡߺߣʱ򣬵Ұ̫
һѸٵƶ˼ƻ
ΪкܴĲ࣬ıǺƲ¡
һǶѹ磬ѹĶԾ
̫ƺ׬ˣһƺҲ׬ȡˡ
Ҫǻѹһǲڵġ
󣬵һٿƵì֡Ѿ˼̫Ľ
ϷһҲû취ƿе̫̫ǿˡ
ǲϷһһû취
οнƣ̫רΪ˽ĵ֮εֶΡ
Ŀǰ̫ǿĽֶΡ
ɣַ̫ſһ
̫
һ֪Ϸļˣ̫ΪԼ׼š
εһôƣ̫ΪȫԸĴ߶Ƶìȥݴ
һߣ
ڷ֮أһѸٵټӵԼλһʮ
Ѹٵıټ󣬵һ򵥵˵һ£˸Ԩ
̫ƵìƳһ̣ȻȫԸĹ̫
һ̫Ҳõ¡
Ϊ̫ػ̫ػǱĹҲΣ޷˶ѡ
֮⣬̫㱩¶Լĵڶ鱦ʱȡ
鱦ע̫ɵʱͳɾͻ鱦
Ϊ˻
ô˵ɣȲϡ
ʱȻȲϻ飬ǻ鱦εʱȣɲʱܱȵġ
ңʱѾıˡ
ʱȣĻԭһԲ̵ģ
˿̵ʱѾĳƺǽʱԲ̡
ֹˣ̫в¯ǼƷ鱦̫ʱԲ̣һǼƷ鱦
֮⣬񷷨֮Ͼǿռ䣬ʱԲʱ䷨
̫֮οԣ̫£¯Ա̫õ󣬾һֱûʹùεļƷԼʱԲҲûùεļƷ鱦̫
ֹˣʱȱʱԲ̺̫Ѳ¯ʱԲһ
Ȼֻһ˼ӺʱԲ̽ˡ
֣Բ̫㣬ģӣһǿռһʱ䡣
ʱԲ̺󣬴˿ʱԲ̵Ѿ̫滹Ҫ
߽ϣһʱյɵĻ鱦
ˡʱԲ̵ǵһȫԸĹҲ˺̫
֮⣬ʱԲ̻̫޾Сĺࡣ
ǿԽͨתʱգٿСġ
Ļ鱦̫ҰƵìƳҲ¹ĵ
Ҫ¶ˡ

㣬Ļ̥˴Ʊ˴ˡ
̵̫ӲƵì˻ݴ
̫סǿ飬ֻһ·ĻģҿԷġƵìĵһ𣬿ʼЭ
ߣ㻨ﱾţ뿪ھŻõİ취̫
̫ڵģڵģҷģ
˭ڲһأ𣡡
䡪
̫ĵ֮Ƶì˻С
Ϥĸоһճĺںֻһ޴ĵ壬һ޴ĳìǰС
̫һܻа취ڶνھŻ硣
ǣΪпܰ׷ѹȥ
㲻ȥô֪²ĶԲԣ
ǵһֶν룬̫ţֶβ̫࣬һõһľ޴
Ҫ׷˼ҲҪ
˼ж̫Ը
ֻҪѵһƵìϳ˵ھŻ磬ھŻͣһʱ䡣
ƵìڵھŻ磬վǸϾ̫ܺиĶƵì
ֹʹĵҩܲȲ˵Ծˡ
¡
ͻһݵԨǸ޾޲ĵط
죬һԨ
ֻһìİѱȻɫıͱһĤ
Զĸɫص
һ˱Ŀϥɫأƺھܾ޴Ŀ飬ȫԸٿƵìĵһ
ˣǵ͵Լʮ
ȥܴܲ߶Ƶì
Ȼһһȣ
ָʾȥһܲͨ¶Ƶìѱ߶̫ĵֿ
ǣ
ѸٵǰֻȫԸһƻӳ̫ƳƵìѱ
Ȼ
¡
ã̫֮ǿ
͡
ָֻսӴƵìѱһɲʱһ޴ķ֮ϮǴݵķɡ
֮ĸ֣޽ӽ߲֮ڸմһɲ޴Ĵ֮ƿˡ
ƿ˲˵Ƿ֮˲ԼԪеķ֮ӣֻ޵ֿıɺԶѪɫͨ죬Ȼ𵴵ĲᣬϥϢ
һĻĵ͵ʮһȡ
룺ҺòԼҪԼܸңôңԼȥҲͲˡ
ߣһһߣвġ
Դ߶¶ѱƵìа
˿̵Ƶìлıӣڹ
Ŀ겻ˣֻ̫ܿԼƵìϳˡ
ȴ˵ڱݵڲ̫оƵìһ£Щˡ
̫ѸٲµԤһ̫Ƶˡ
һˡ
̫ʼ̹ˣ̹ҪǱ˿ô죿
ʱ̹ڷ֮ؾͱ¶ˣϣ̹Ŵ㣬ű
κ̫ˣ̹蹷׷ĺۣ֪Ǿˣֱֵֻء

һս
ֻ̫ģҪƵìƳȥˡ
̫Ҳܵҹ׼
̫ʼֻ壬ʱԲУһ׼
䣡
ȥ

ֻҵıһӰһìɳԨıݡ
֣
һɢ⡢һ޴ӡ֧ʱաһѳƺɡһϹһ
һ𡢵𡢵𡢵ʮ˲ˡ
ɫĽǵһֶΣٿŽɫĴ
䡢䡪
򣡡
УһڵĿռ֣صʱԲ̡
ƣ̫һȣʱеױȵĹʱԲķȻԪ𵴡
⻹ҿǷ֮أ֮Էӳ
ڻУȫԸĹ̫ıӻҲԶˡ
Һûǣڷ֮Ե֮ʵܴĺƬ̫Ҳðհ
ףãһ鱦ۼĵһ𾪺ķ֣̫Ȼûˣֱ˼飿
ԼĽȻ˲䱻ƿˣ̫ǷѾˣôƿԼĽǾ̫ˣⶼˣ
һ˫Ļ鱦ԭ
ڵĹâ֮һʱĽͿռУһ˲ˡ
ˣĸ˱סˣǵš̫ݺݡ˵
̫һηԼô޳ܡ
ʱ˵ִֻ򲻹ܣܹܣҪʾҲ£Һǿǵһ˼
̫Υˣ
ಡ
̫ӲסɫĽ֮һǰķɶݽ˴ıС
գ˿
棡
һ𲻸ĵŭ
ʣŭյĿ̫ܵȴûκΰ취


1058 
ػ̫˿ǰѵһвʱĸϳ˻硣
뵽ԼһϵеĲ̫˼һᣬȻеðգԲﵽĿġ
̫ںϿ֮أʱˡ
ڷ֮Ԩһŭķйһûб̫ϳ
ϾԤ֮ڡ
ҰοҲãһνĵʱ򣬾ǵҰˣʱҪ̫ۡ
⣬һķ֡
ھŻȻ档
ԤƵķչںתɴǰ£ھŻ˸粻һ
İ˸Ĵţһ˿ÿĻᶼûУھŻе㷴
ıȻһܼ̣һϣ˳
˼˺þã֣ܵڶΰƵìھŻ⣬ƺбĿܡ

У

ֻһ޴ĺ裬Сɵľ޴
Ϊһ壬ȥۼϢ
ںϿܵԲǻԪ޽ɺڵ棬ۺ͸ҪŮ洺Ԫӣοֵ֮ӵĴڡ
һ̣𶯡
ںϺĵСʧˣһԪ޼ɵˡ
ĺĿǱ𺳵ĲᣬʱԪ޼ɵƺһʱ
óɱģ棬һ˿;ޣòɷں󣬴ǰı˱任ˡ
һִȴȻҾ御Ư
̫Ԥ֮ڣĳɾ컯ĵ·
컯𲽾컯ͬ컯һ˿죬ԵʣƺһһЦϢ
ΪԶڿʯ֮ϣںϢΪԪ޼㣬Ǵﵽĵز
һ޴ĿԽüƽˡ
湮˵һŮķɣĸ涼ˡ
ɵǽǳìϣ컯ǽ컯
ϲԲɾ޼̫
~Цһ˿ԻãʥĸĹԣһ̱ˡ
귨Լںϣ컻ء
һһЦջ̫ǿһվǰᱻһЦһ
Ϊ
лѳȫȻһһأһһ羰羰ðЦ
ǣѱ仯ܴ󡣡̫
仯ãǲã˵˵
ţжϣѽҪעˣСǰ㣿˺ܶˣʥˡ̫ʵʵ˵
֮κﶼΪɢϢûá
Сǰ̬
Բȹ̵ģΪôһҲ޺ˣȻ˶ϡ
ⲻǺ߰˳ģںϢһЦѡ
컯һġ컯̫˵һ䡣
ô찡ҾȫģȻҼı顣
̫ǹģԼǰ̬
ͷۣںϢںϴˣǰׯڳջˡ
𣿵ѿɱչأ̫һ
ɲǱչصġѲΪֻΪ˲ˣҽô컯ĸҪָأ⻰ĸоҼˣƺҪ滨ˡ
̫ҿ˸ľô仯ô
һݣ̫Щվסˣ·ԼȫģµǣԼ
̫еһ󲻰Ǻã
ǵ˵ô죿̫𾪺󣬸е޴鷳ʵ
ҪȻ˫е涵ĸоҪ̫棬˿Ҫɱˡ
ȥ̫ɣڵߣĵȫѹסңҸŵѾͲҵ⡮Σˣܸŵѧϰ컯㿴ô
⡭̫ˡ
ǰƭң˵ں󣬻ָ컯ģʡ
ҡ̫ˣԶвװ˯ˣ治ǲԼǲԼ
ðɣ̫˵㻰ֻܴ̫β
ƲסϵĲˡ

ʱתһĻƺеص
̫˼صˣ
Ц̫ܿģȻѣ㻹ǵǴ֮һǿյģִӺĸʳ
ôһ˵̫Ȼصˡ
ԭʱ򰡣
ʱԼǿյģִӺıʳնɱᡣ
ͬǣϴںڲڻС
ȷ̫˵ͷ
ֵöлѣѰҰ˺壬ںһ£Ȼ֤뿪壬ɺǻȥˡ
ţ̫ʾˡ
ǴǾ֮ҳɾ޼̫֮˵Ҹα㣿Ȼʵ
ʵ̫𺳣⣬Եͺã
һģԵҲеġɾ޼ɺڿ˳ɵķ򣬶ҳɵ;Ψһ谭ǵ޾µİ⿪谭ôɵ
ԣ˵а취ġ̫ŵһ
ǿˡüҲһСƺҪɵҪ⿪ΰѣһĸ˶Ƿ飬ô죿
̫ĻţԲԵ֮κȫԸ컻أҲҪ˾ǡ޷ģ赣ġ
ôУ˿ԣ治Ů֮ģҲ˵㻰
ˣ̫Ͳװɵܿ
òԼڵĿӰǺˣںﰡ
ԣֱ̫ӵѶƺˣֱӽ档
ϲƺҡ潿޵һЦֵҪҰԼΡ̫ܣվס
ಡ
̫ٸ·ʵǱ仰òᡣ
һĽЦһ硣
ȻƣеСǿ̫Լһ仰ܣ滹̲סЦˡ
֤Լ飬̫ѡҵȴϣ̫Ӳ˵ġ
濴ԶʣӰӵ̫ᶨĵ
ڳɾ޼ɵһ̣ھʱ̣ͬѡɵ
ΪҪ
ĸ棬ںꡢ棬
Ѿע
ꡢ߿ȥᣬɼ޵飬˵컯Ҳ顣
ڳɾ޼ʱ̣ߵ
飬̫ǰ޽ǶĴ󰮡
ֻһСû̫̹ȺؽҲûĵ͸
ˣֻǶһˣ˵Сˡ
̫ʼαӻɾ޼ûѡˡ
˵̫ԼڵĿӡ
̫Ϊһ㣬޻˵ˣֻܸ̾޶˰
˵棬ԼĵټںԪأųɾ˴˿̸컻ر仯档

Һã̫ȻĲᣬȴû˴˲ơ
ӱ̫Ⱥ󣬼ĸ·̫Ѿ淵غˡ
̫С
ָԼ£޼ɵĲԼµ
̫꣬о̫ûˣȥԼķ컯ɣɵںϡ
ԣص̫ûãȥ硣
һߣڣ
Ĳᣬǵùӣڻص̫硣
ʯ˺𺳣ʲô
ȿȣλʦʦ㣬סȻǰƺʦĸԪӺŮ洱Ц㯵ʦʦ
ʲô
ô
ǰô̫磿
ȵȣ˵ʲôƺʦĸʦ˵ģ
ʲôʦ̫磬ǰԼģ
Ƿ𣿡
ԪӺŮһ̾ʦʦ㣬Ƿˣˡ⣬ʦʦΪɵָտɴˡ
ʯ˻ûعæֹŮ洺ԪӵĹأʵȲ˵Ǹղ˵ģ
ǧȷǰѾɾ޼ұ仯ܴ󡣡ŮС
仯ܴж󣿡ʡ
ܴ󣬺ܴ󣬿˵컻صı仯񶼲ǶׯǰҶֱӣΪܿ£ĸоԪƺеĻš
ʦʦ㣬ǰںϢںǳꡢɾ컯򡣲컯ʦ컯Ҳ컯򣬶һּµġ컯ʦΪǳ˵ԭ򡣡ŮҲ
ʯȦˡ
ʱ
˵꣬ˡ
ǻˣʦȥ磬ǡ
˵ʲôʯ˺ѹûȥǱı仯ˡ
ԪʦܺŮʦ˵ı仯ˣֹǺܴܴı仯ȫǱ˸
ʦĸѿĿİͰ͵Щ˵У˵һ䡰ʦĸ
˵󡭡ֻʱЦˣЦİ˸ӸеΣ
ֲʦ̫磬Ǳ
ĻѭԲ磬һｵһԲ
ʦĿ˭뵽ǰʦĸ
ȻƺܱŤ˫۹ⶢ㣬㲻Ҳʦĸ
˴ͬʱĻŵǺã
Ȼ
ĽӴһʱ
˸ӷ֣ã
иذԼʦĸƺо
ʦȻҲذԼˣʦ治ҷ
ϲʦãʦɾԽԽ߶ˡ
ڣƺпĶˣ
һԪ޽ɾŲĸ⾰󣬲
̫ȻʥأȻһ漣ĵء

ʦĸ˵Ķԣ
ллʦĸ
ʦĸ̫ãӺϲ

ˣ̫˴ӱˡ
̫Զһо



1059 𺳵ĺģ
ǵ԰û䣬Σ컯̫˵
˻
޷Ƕ˸ƺѣ㶼ܱôãٱһµֺη컯ݵ˵
̫ſʼˣǲǲð컯ߣһҲһԽԽˡˣʲôǷᡣ
㵣Ǻ;ʲô컯ʣ
̫
̫ȻĬˣ
ǰԼĬ;ʲô
ѵΪ˸ݣı仯
ԼӦ滹ǿˡ
˵ˣԼϣԼ治Ӧƺɵ
ѵҪľܾ
һᡭ
ˣݶѣҲһɵ·ѣԼʲôþģճͺá
ţˡ̫˵ͷ
컯ЦͶˡοǲǱĵһôΪˡ
̫ˡ
㿴ˡ
˿ʼϼôȳ컯Ӱ磬˳컯һ
ǣɵ컯ѡ񳹵ʧ̫Ϊһ壬ǽ󳹵׵ķֿɾͺǰ㣿
Ҫ컯Լѡ
컯ѡ񳹵׺̫ںϣǽ󽫻û컯
Ƿֿǽ컯̫һ˺͸ţ󽫻ữΪƽһԱ
Ҳ˵컯ɵһѡǣ̫ںʧ
ڶѡǣ˷֮Ӻ̫֮ںϣ̫Ϊ컯׺ָ̫󣬿ֻ޼ɵĲΣҪɾ͵֮Σװ̫Ҫͷʼ
컯ôѡ̫ʵ
컯˼á
һ̫ΪΪͬһնʬͷߵķ
컯Ǻ̫׵ںϣʧˣֻǻ̫˾һ塣
һɾ˺˫ߣ˺Ĵڰɡһ᲻ó׵ʧ绹кܴ컯˺þú˵
컯ѡ̫ͬġ
̫컯ںϣʵϾ컯̫ķûһ˿ķ
̫ԼķԼľ
̫컯ͬնʬԼ
˵ķնʬҵǻۺ;
컯һ⣬ӵʼͺ⡣
Ȼ컯Ըңʿ̫ȫ
Ҷ̫ûʲô𺦣̫һ˺˫ںϣ޷Ƿֳһ㱾Դ컯ѡ
֧ľ񡣡̫
ƣ컯ϲĵ

컯ѡɺ̫ʼΪµ
ʵܼ򵥣۳µ򣬴˺תӸѡ
罫컯Ϊƿǰƿ硣
ֻ⣬Щ粻һҪ̫̻
죡
Ϊ֮һ
ɲǣʧȥеĹתĹ˲ֹͣ
Һã߲Ѿɽ֪Ҫ컯ѳȥкƿأԸ߲ѸٵİǣûΪͻıʶš
ʣ컯عҵĹֹͣ
ţһ죬ڰȻ¹
̫̻Ĺ󣬺Ľ
ˡһ
µһ㣬ڸ߲㷢֣绹磬û˿ı仯
˿ԲתӺûй仯õĹ仯
ǣ
ףԣ
ǣ
ǿΣֻܳ׼ʥԲ׼ʥԲĸֺȻ֣ѹԼɽĹȻʧˡ
ܳʥˣ׼ʥ־
仯⧲
˵׼ʥ޵еʱȥˣҲɽʥ޵еʱ
֮ͥͥͥϵ۵ķϵ۷Ҳ»ҡ
ɶĴ˵е㾪֡
֮ǰ׼ʥܳưһɽפĴҲҹ֡
ΪȻʥˣġ
ʥ˿Խˣ׼ʥԲ޵еʱȥˡ
ɽĸͶ绢ˣ粻ǵһ磬ӵɷڤĽ֮֡
ͨǧŻҪĵطʥ˽˵ܲܣ
ںˣʥ˲ҲԽȥǧˡ
ǰĺô߲ĸֶС
Ψ⣬ʥҲȥǧ硣
Ϊʥ˺ܣΪ̫Ҳвð
󣬻չУɶʥ˵ѾĲˣ˭ȥǧһķ羰͵ϣ
ڻˡ
⣬ǧĴ޸֡
֮ǰǵֻǵ磬ͨˣǷֻϽ磬Ͻǿơ
ǲܷϽĸҲǵ硣
һռһ粻ˡ
Һãֻ׼ʥܽҲԣ׷ﵽ׼ʥĲΣܶռһˡ
ڲˣʥ˶ȥˡ
׼ʥǻ׷ϣʥô׷ϣ
ǧͨôãǿġʬλǿߣҲֻ׼ʥ
ȥɾͻԪ޽ɼˣֻǶԺ˵ˡ
Щ߶ԣȻ߲ʡ
Ͼͻ۵ʱ̫ˡ
˼׼ʥʱԼСŸտأֱܱȡ
֮
תı䣬˲ˡ
ֹֹˣֻھ޴ѹмǰУûѹսн
⣬Ψһĺôǣʥ½磬Ҳֻɴģĸıת켣ʥҲҪǴ
컻أӰܴ
Ӱ˽ǧꡣ
տʼʱɽ̨ʥƼʥȥ翴ǻûʶأ
̨ȻҵҵǾܲܣǿơ
ɽʥ̫ˣÿ˶ǿһԼԼ
Ǿ۴ʹ
Ǹ⵽ͥǿҷԡ
֣Ǿ治ҪΪͷ
ΪǲŲǾְҪմְˣԼҵȥأǾԼеˡ
һַУ۲Ǿǣο˵ĲôҵҵҺ⣬ȥɡ
ǾҪĸоԼôôù
ǰӴһ׼ʥŵòᣬڳȺȺʥǰԼడ
ҵ˶ԼЯ̫֮׽ǡ
̫׽Ǹ֧У˵գⲻΣǻԵ밡ôɽ˽ӴЩǰ˺ţкôġĴǵССһ¶ûУ˭ܳ㲻ɣֻҪչǰ;
Ǿһƺ̫׽ة˵Ķ԰
ԼȺ֢˭ԼɽĸʲôûԹ
̫˵ĶԣԼֻǵСѣԼܼôСˣ
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ΪʲôĸλΪ̨йġ
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ҪԽ˵ҪXX򣬷XXͷ
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1060 һʱĻ
̫磡
̫һȻĿ棬ˣɡ
ң̫ɽ
κΡ

һе̫һǱŤĺܰ
ڣϰҲͺˡ
ģ̫ܾźľϰˣѾע
ң̫ˣ

ɽʥԼΪ磬̫ܾˡ
ֻǰޱ˺͡˹ĸ̫˵̫֮İˡ
ʯҲʦܡʦõĳƺ
ջ֣ʯȻʦ֣Ȼʦ㣬˺ľʦܣʦܡʦʦáԪӺŮҲҪޱˣȻʦܺͰʦáʦޱʮʮһ˺볣ء
ǰΪҲˡ
֮ںϿܺʯˣ˳ǰ͵ĶǻԪ޽ɾŲ㡣
ԪӺŮ洶߲ΪޱֻлԪ޽㣬˺Ҳˡ
δ֤죬Ҳȴˣ֮û֤Ϊֵˣ˺׼ʥԲֻſ֤
Ϊʦ̫Ѹٵ֤죬ʲôˣ֮ε̫һָ˳˳ڻ翪֤֮ѸٵںϺġ
Щ̫ɽ߲㣬ּ̫ܾ̫컯Ԫ
컯Ԫܱϵĺ䶯תǵ˼
컯ԪĥҪġ
ǿüˣҲڴھŲ컯ԪĿ
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컯Ԫģ̫Ȼʯ֡
ʯĿǰԪ޼һΪѾȫʢ¡
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컯Ԫǰʤ顣
һӦɣӦɣӦɣĲӦɣӦ̫ңӦޣ߲Ӧ׼ʥ˲ӦʥˣԪ޽ɣŲӦԪ޼ɣ޼ʥˣ
ŲŸأһһ羰
˸ľŲ컯ԪΪ֮

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׼ʥƺߣԪ޽ͳʥˣ޼ͳ𣬵֮
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Ϊʱ治ǿʥ˵ȷƽԳƺ
񣬺ԽԽǿʢ󣬳ƺ͹νĶ
׼ʥ֮ûȨôƺôƺ
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ʯһʱͬʦֵܻߵѿƺڳϣ޼һ㶼Գ
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ҵһᡣںʬҪǧʱ䣬ĥһʡȥǧĻۡʱҴʬ뵽
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ҺħһħܿأħΪȣûʥ˸ҽ롣
ǣϾǱ˱ʬϰ߿ˣֻпԼǿ
ڻ˵ħӻأ
ħʥ˶Լ뷨أʱͲ˵ˡ
ǰøԯڰ˴սУЩøܴ
Ȿͽʡ˺ܶʱ䣬컯Ԫʬ֪ԼĻˡ
ֻҪһɾʥˣԼ˽ӵӴ
ʱ򣬵ǧǿߣ޲Լ壬岻
ԣһҪɹ
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׼ᣬô˵һעǴġ
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ʱӢ˵ԴǷǡ
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Σ׼ôڮ٣ҲһеĴ棡

󸴻һУͷ
컯ԪĻԵ
û֧䣬ҲʼעԺܻһµĴ档

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׼ǣǡվ׼ߵĽͳЄγǣ
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컯Ԫڽתĸ򣬾ô֮µҲлĥ
֮µ飬ǺɽռݾųɾŵĴڡ
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ԣֻиֵһʱ룬֮µĶķš
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ڣԽԽСһ谭
߰ɣȴǳ
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1061 ͻȻĻ
֮ؾû̹ͣţʮֵơ
˭뵽̫뿪ͱ˷ˣ֮޾ͷܡ
ҺûţҪֲ̹סˡ
̹Ŵ֮ӣרŴ˵ģĻ뵽һ챻ĴҴܡ
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ȷ𣿡̹Ŷʵ
ԭԨУ̫뿪֮أһֻ֣Ҫܲ
ǰڱ׷ϵͬʱԼµĺֱˣ˵̫뿪֮ض鷢
Ψһ뵽ģֻ̫Ļع顣
ᶨΪ̫ǣԴ˽ơ
ˣ̹˵֮󣬴̹һ߼ܣһ߷Ԩɺ׷ϡ
̹ŵѣҲġµĽƣֻҪҾܸо̫ѻˣǲڣ
ܱ
Ҫ̫˲ڣȥô죿
Ҫ̫̹ˣԼɾˮһඡ
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ߣ̹һˡ
˵ĶԣԼҪǴĴԼҲ̫Լ

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ڵ߲ʬߡЄ׼ˣѾڴ֤ǧԪһԪһ˰꣩
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Ԫ޺ȻûдﵽĶ㣬ѡ˼
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Բ̫࣬Լǰ˸ʥ˵ָ㡣

⣬ߵʦЄħ޵ĳЄǧʱҲɾ˻Ԫ޽ɵľ硣
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ӪˣǿĹ£ԼӪʥ˺üĵ̣˿̵ջע

ﴫ׼ᣬ֪׼ʥ컯ԪļԪꡣ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ԫɾ׼ʥԲһ͸Ԫ޽ɡ
ǿ
Ȼѡ֪Ԫ׼ʥԲջ񣬿һʧ˵ġ
ԱʬľĿ꣬ԱȳЄߵľģ׼ᰲȻ˺ܶܶࡣ
һεżֻŪø⡣
żͿԵģȵ



1062 ʷģŶ
󣬷ʥ֮µȫˡ
ĥ˻Ԫ޽ɾľнʮˡ
Ҳ˵ǰ˸е𺳵İʥգʵˣԽˡ
Ҫ̫Ը߲˵ʥֻǿʼǽ
Ҫ˵ܶĿǰ׼ʥе
ңʮǧʥˣһٶаĵɣŬ
Ͼδǹġ
ߡ׼ᡢЄɡʬ顢ԼŮޡŮɡ۶ʥ桢ɢ޸ֵȣʮ׼ʥԲĸ֣ĬĬĿ˱˴һۡ
ףǲܽЩǺԼͬεĴڣҲǽԼ˵ľ֡
˵ͬһҪ֤Ĵڡ
׼˸еȣһױ任׼ᣬ˺ܾǰ绽߳ĵʱ
һλβ𶯣
ǰʱֻһĿģ컯Ԫ
ĥڿʼ׼ᡣ
׼λѡЩѣδλѷɣϲɺء׼᲻ϲģһϤĵк
ϤĵѣסĴĸ֣ĸֵȣԼһЩɺӵɢޡ
һɻ󣬴׼ᱻμˣȻ˵û
ȥͽ𺳡
˺󣬾͸ˡ
˻׼仯ôǰ׼Ҳܿǵ˼٣׼ıˡ
׼ѣѹϲɺأһɢ޻Ӧ
˿Բ׼ᣬɢ޿ɲС
Ͼ׼رԸǶ֪ҪǱ׼˾Ͳˡ
һѡ׼ûĲᣬƺǿǿһҲɽ
֮⣬˾ȵʬ
޲ȵĿ
ߣȻĿǰһٵһǿ
ɽ濴ǣΪǴ޽ɣǿһʥ˶ûС
ڤġʬĴ콾
ȻĳƺǷԼƺģɽĴɲϣӿ
ǸоܷҪˡ
ʬֵӣԪޣֻ֤ʱ⡣
Ҵ˻ħӪģӶС
ߺͳЄ˵ǾȻ
ߵǰգǸдֵա˷աҲǸԸ㣬ա
תľ棬㻯أа˴ʥ˺ͺ޼ָ㣬ĸţǻħⰵħ
˵˺Ӫ㲻ӶС
߾Ԫˣǲ֪ǰǰԣֵһһȥֽ̻㲻
ҪǻǾͺÿˣüɱӻſȥҴ鷳ɡ

컯Ԫڲ˲㡣
ʥ˺ͻԪ޽ɵĲΣҲĿǰǿսĵڶ㡣
˾ʮʥڴˡ
˿صĺʥˣ֪ܲܰѺһ⣬ɾͻԪ޽ɡ
һʱ䣬ǵڰ˲ڵһԪᣬҲǽʮ¡
ʱĻĸǾ֮õʱٴʱ˵̫Ҫ
ҪĻ컯Ԫڵ֤ͱԴṩĻ
ڵһǧ꣬Ϊ׼ʥԲʥʥԲĴڣһ˺
ҪȡҪܶಽ裬ʬһһԪ磬ʬһȵȡ
ڣֻһȣһԪƮ
ಡ
鴤һ̣ûļӳ֣һ̣˶ʱʥԲ»׼ʥԲ
»˿޾ˡ
ֻҪ֤϶Էĸ֤ǻԪ޽Ĳϵʵ߲㡣
˵
ֻκȡ󣬳˱仯仯̫˵һʱĽ
ûз룬ûʧǻһˡ
ĺѸٵں˷ԪУ˴ǰ˳ʥĹºˡ
Ҳ˵Ȼʧˣûʥ˵ǷҲǰʥĹº˻ˡ
ǿĹºۣиоֻҪԼ֤죬ǾųԲ硣
ֻҪɹԼǻԪ޽ĲʵٰСͺںϣٻﵽԪ޽ʵ
ھ磬ԤƿԴﵽԪ޽ɺ߲㣬򹦵º˵ļӳ֣ǻԪ޽ɰ˲ľ硣
ַԲںĴڣԤƣܳɾͻԪ޽ɾŲľ硣
ֱ˼顣
֤ںС󣬾һٴﵽԪ޽ɵĶ塣
ǺԪŮ洱٣޷ԼҪȹ̺ǰУԪŮ洲Ҫȹ̡
Ȼ컯ԪԪӺŮ洿ܻ羳Ų㣬ʵٰ˲㡣
첻ϣԽԽ
ǶԱȵĲࡣ˲̫̰ȥԱȾû˺
û˺˵Ǿ޴Ľ

һХڰˡʥˡһεݡ
ʱʲôʥˣֻҪʥ˾޵С
˭뵽ٲʥ˲Ľ⡣
ڰεľˡ
ҲԽ˵Ԫ޽ɲʥ˶ˡһԳĿЦ
ܶ鲻һλòȥ룬һһλòŻȥƽϡ
ֺʥݣ˵ȥ˿գ
֮磡
ֻҪȥ֤죬˺СںϺģһоͶһˡ
ˣҳɹˣ롢϶Լ͵ۿ塢ҲСһȡһ֤ҪŶˣ
ã˵Щ߲ͻƵ׼ʥҪŶҪȺܾúܾá
˺Ȼʲô
ץ뿪ȥҵ𣡡
˾Ǵ˲뵽һƻ
Ѿã֤ٻԪ޽ɰ˲ľ磬ʲô
˵֤Ŀǰ˵ûô
ԣﲻɾ뿪ȥϺһŶ֤⡣
˶˵ಡһ뿪컯Ԫ
ʱ
˵ĳ֣ȴŵòᡣ
˻ʣ
ûʱˣǼȴǣˣҪ¡
ಡ
ĸ߲һȦ
ף
ԣȥŶӰλȻĵۺԼʥ
μսʤ˴ܺ͡
++ʥʮˣ⣬Ÿ˻Ԫ޽ɵľ硣
Ҳ˵ҪŸ֤
ܿ¡
ʷˡԯũ˵µʥҲˡ
ôһȴĸ߲ˡ
ǰЩԪ޵ĵѰɣǾְ
ҪŶӣҪŵʲôʱ
ϽȥϺ
ಡ
ಡ
Ȼˣֻء
ĵʥȫ뿪ˣϱߡ
Єߡʬȣ
ಡ
ˣɵʲôϿȥŶӰ
׺룺̫ˣԣ˻̫ˡ
ֻʮ˻Ԫ޽ɾ׼ʥԲһк뿪ˡ
µ׼ʥܻţ
ţһۣ
ʲô
Ҳ֪
⣿Ϊζˣѵ⣿
ѣ治֪
Ȼ
ˣѿڵʥҪŶӣ
һ㣡
˳һ
ǵû뵽
ⲻҪģû뵽ǵ⡣һһأˡû˵͸ǴҶס
ôҪ֤Բ׼ʥѾԽԼĿǰ۹⡣
Ψ׼ᣬĽĿ뿪Բ׼ʥ
ϧһǲ˺ܶ࣬ȥŶӵĻᡣ
İȻ׼Ѹٻָ
һˣʦȡ˺ҲҪ֤ҪʦֳɲǣС
׼뵽ʦ֣ʦֽҲҪ֤
ǣ뵽Ѿ뿪Ľʮˣеơ
ʦֳҲҪʮ˿⣬ǿֲ
ȻǺĵһԵ컯ԪûһεȴĶôࣿ׼̾
ʱ
ಡ

ȻֻӰ컯Ԫ˲ӿ֡
ǷԤƵ롢ˡ
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˵ͳˣһȲȣ˭ںһŶӣһ̣˭ںꡣ
ͷԤƵһ϶ǳɵǿ
ͷԲ֮⣬ǵĴڣ֤죬˵ˡ
һԢԶˣڶҲԤԶˣ˳󻰲˵ȥϺ
ֱ
Ԫᣬȥˡ
ڳˡ
𼱻ǵĽԣо
׼סһˣ
ʦĪҪżǰʮ׼ʥԲзˡˣȶѾȥϺˡʥĻȣˣȺοԳȡʦһŶӡ
ܴһơ룺ǰˣżʲôã
׼ҲȰȰʦֳȥϺ
˴˿̣еĵȴûˡ
ʮ˾ǽʮ꣬һ뵽ˡ
ˣǹϲʦ׼ʥԲԪ޽Ҳˡϲʦܡ
ûô򵥡
ʦ֣ҿֻһһǾ޴ոҲɡ׼Լ֪Լ
ȥ׼ʥԲԪ޽ɾһ֮
һ̫ˣȥˣȥ
ɣһˣʲôģ
Ҳǣͬ
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1063 ľ
ݼ𣡡
˹Ȼܿ죬һ͵ˡ
˺̫
컯Ԫĥҵ԰ѡǫ˵
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֪𣡡
̫ȥ컯Ԫġ
û뵽ЩԼˡ
뵽ʮ֤֮ˡ
֪ˣңһʯȥдְɣ֤˳򣬾Ͱ
̫ûʱһкʮ˵Ŀ֤Ŷӣ룬ԼȥŶӡ
ǣ˿ô˵һˡ
˾ͺԾȥˡ
Ȼңս֮ҵһʯ÷˿Լ֡
ʱ
ĵʥһݷ;磬վԶ
һ
ǿŷǴһʯʯϻ˵֡
еС˵λ˰ɣŶӿ֣ҵһҪඡ
˵꣬ж죬ռλÿ֡
ڷ棬оܡ
Һ滹룬ʱöˡ
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ҪΪһ˵ԵʣȫûҪ͵һ飬ǸϲŮʥĸڵš
ʵиˡ
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ûʤһֻ˵Ҹƽ⣬లµȥ
οӪĴڡ
ǴˣħδνˣħˣӪջɢȥ
֮˵ǻصʱ
彫δǿһû֮һ
뵽ˣ˾͸оڡ
Һãεˡ
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ߡЄʬŮɡŮޡ塢ۿһֱĽ
ķ֣Ȼǵһ
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ɢȥɣ컯Ԫĥֻ谴˳Ĭɡʱ֤졪
̫һϣʮ˸æͷӦˡ
֮󡭡ʮ룬ֻص컯Ԫǰ
ɺϵǣ컯ԪôӶִϷ
ϺϷȻǱȥ˺ܶܶࡣ
ǧ꣬Ϸģ컯Ԫڴ˵ĥϷ޽֮µ顣
ڰ˲͵ھŲ㣬ʥ˺޼εĿ飬Ȼټ
źȻصʮˣڴ˵Ⱥĺܲ졣
׼ᡣ
֪βüֻҪŶӺ׼ˡ
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ʦܰģβһðʮֻ꣬ҪʮͿɣЩ̶ˡ֮ǰ׼йӣϾ
Ͼʲô˵׼Ҳף޷ǰе
Ϊ֤죬׼ˣҪꡣ
һˣһǡ
ο֮ǰҪǺںϵٶȡ
ǿĺģʮСǧ󣬼ĵȺ
֮ǰ֤ߣںϺҪټһǧ꣬ǺںСҪٶȡ
ڲҪˣĵȴ
⣬Ҳ˵ˣӲŸ治Ǽ˿ʱ䣬һʧǰ¾졣
˽˵Ҫǰôá
ܺð׼ܸˣʦ׼ʥԲʱ䣬ټʮꡣ
ʮҪ˵ģǷžͷΪ
ŷһʮûʥ򣬱Ȼᱻһô˴
ʦĪҪģ⣬ĪˣʦҺ͵ԼǰӴ˺ܾã֪δĵҲķЩܣҹŷһԽֻʱ⡣
Դ˺š
ǰӴ̫ͻǶʱ̫Ҫˣ˺ܶδܣһο컯ԪĻԵ
ʦ˵öԡ׼Ц
Ѿȷת˴֮ʽδĿꡣ
ͺܳףҪô׵תѺ
˵֪ͨԼ·ȻܼǵǶѷʽ
׼һֱھѵİ˰ţǼ̳еʹ
ͨԼĸںϽǰľ飬ǰѴǰľ鵱߷š
֮δڣ
ù˺ܾõֵܼᶨΪǻڲõδ
һ
Դӵ֪Ҫ˸Žˡ
֮ǰɼҲã˵֧Ҳգǰӣĵһˡ
ӲΪԪʼԴ󣬵ͨ˽äĿ
˱仯ûʲôǵġ
ܣܵܵǰȡһ˿Դ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵Щһη֣չȥˡ
ԼĽʽһ塣
ܵܵԴˣĶԱ˴˳С
ԪʼͨˣҲû˱ԴǻǾԣкܴĽ
ӾãԼ˵ῴῴ
һֱûҴԼѾˡ
Ÿû֣Լ˰ɡ
ҽҴƽˣӶѹֵܵûˡ
ֵˣһԴһ壬ԿںϹͬķʽܿ졣
˵˿̵ĺģ콾ʱ֮ǰ߳ƵҲŬ
컯ԪͿóһʮҪ֤ģĵ׳ٶȺܿ졣
ڣ
ʥڵʱ伫꣬Ԫᣬٶࡣ
컯ԪϷһ̣Ŀʼ
ڼ䣬óĶˡ
ڵʥˣֻе塢ĺľѺޣԼԪӺŮ洡
Щʥǿģʱ仹û˵ǵΪ磬ǻԪ޽ɺڡ
ʥҲǿĿǰǿʥˡ
ڣ
ԪӺŮ洣̫Ԥϵһ˴˴ΰٶĸĥǻԪ޽ɰ˲㣬ھŲ޿ɽ
֮ǰֽܴθǣͨʱ͹̡
ڽǿģ츳ǿҲܺ谭Ķʱ
ȹڰ˲㶥壬Ϊ˺߲㣬Ѿˡ
ǧʱ˴ڳˡ
ʥһ󹧺ء
ãĺͽҲˡ
˵еֻǱԪӺŮǿ˵㣬һǰ˲ľ磬ΪҲ˰˲㡣
Ų㻹ģѾԶ
Լȥвƴ۵Ĵսһ
˵һδսͱ˵ľŲ谭
ǧʱѡޡҲˡ
Ԫ޽ԲԲĴﵽľʵ
͸Ԫ޼ɣںС硣
ĿǰʥһУǿ
ڻʣµģֻе˺ľˡ
˵Ŀֻһ͸Ԫ޼ɷںϣɾ޼ɵĲΡ
ڣ
ľ֤˹ڸղ֤У͸޼ںϷľ硣
ںϷ򣡱ʥԣˣԭںϷ򣬹ȻһΣյľ磬ʱģڣҴ档

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޼˵Ųǿģ㲻ĽΣҲˡ
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лλѣƶֻǾﵽѣλ̧ˡ
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̫ǴȰ˵Ǵκͺ׷ָ
˺ϵ֮ˣԲʹ󣬳ɾң֮ˡ
ľ֪Ǻǻ
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ҪǵûкͺָһʱģջǾ޴ġ
ĳɾ̫ͣüֻغ󣬵ĸԪ޼ûĽ
ûˣͻƻԪ޼ɵһɲУǺǵˡ
һһأһһ羰Ȼˣ̾
Ԫ޼ɺܵ˲ͬڻԪƿط򣬶ǸһںϷ
ƿصʼղԼģںϺĲԼģںϵķճԽƿء
ǱȻҪߵһ

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ھŲ޼ɵĿ飬ǽһɲ;ˡ
ԭھŲ㲻νΣζǼûá
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ںϷÿһһںϣھŲ󣬳ԪⶼںڷС
ӾãһʵһںϷ
ǣںʧ˱ͬںʧ˻
ʵ֮أս޼ɾϲˡ
ʵ֤ûжĲֻ֤ĸһѡ
˵ģڴ˾ʧܵʵռɹľ飬һһͼ򵥵Ķˡ
ʮһˣüֻء޲T졢ħޡ졢ũ顢ʯ˵ʼ˸ʵ顣
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ɶӦ޼̫ôš
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޼εļꡣ
컯Ԫ˺ķÿһ»ص˶
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һ٣ʵ飬һĽ
￴ó޼εĽôѣ̫ʮΣõһΪˡ
⻹һ㾳絽ڶ㣬˵޼εĴؿ
㵽Ĳ㣬㵽߲㣬ŲԲԲ֮εĹؿ
⣬ͷĳڻ㣬ԽԽҲԽΣա
һ͸һ磬˵ѾĽ
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˵˱ȲˣǺ޲TλȲˡ
ûǰ䣬޲Tֻǿ߱ɱħıԴ
ߵĳɾͲǰɾ͵ģԼġ
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úҲԼһΣľ

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ǣ
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ɾʹǽ޼ʥ˾ŲԲ
ʱҪȥɵˣɾ͵֮Ρ
ǵĺôҪҲᱻĵ׳豾Դǿ
˵ֻһؿؿǴ޼Բ֮ӳɾ͵֮Ρ
㵽ĲĹؿ㵽߲ĹؿŲ㵽ԲĹؿǶûУֻԲɵؿ
ôͻɾ޼ʥһܺõĻԵ
˵ĵѡ
ǵģֻ֮
νĵ֮⣬ʱ飬ʱ顣
飬Ǵ޽̫ࡣ
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ǿ飬ԼѾϵĵľ
㣿ûȵ
ʦûλѵϵĲҷֺǲࡣ޼ǿ޼ʥˣͬһҺʦֻԪ޼ľ磬λѵϲǲ࣬ǿһ㣬˵λ޼ʥ㣬޿߲㡣Ϊ͵
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һӵ϶֣Ա˴˵ĳɾ͵ûжپȡ
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λо޴ĽϲɺأǺķٵԤסͬʱҲĪҪԴҪŬĻ˵ΣȻܶ࣬ǺĲ˿ƣиµĶñ޲ߣȼŬ
̫ʽһô
˿ڳƣҹС
ʥ⣬е棬еˣ
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˭һ˵һЩߵܡ
ʥ˵Ȼ֪̫˵̹ڵֿС
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ڵֿˣȻٱ׷֮ܡ
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֮û˵ȻˡǾͲ˵ˣ·ɣ
̫󣬼Χߣƺ˵Ļ
̫͵޲Tһ
˸лһ̫˴εĴ裬̫˵滰


1065 ʮҴҡ
ǧ꣬ʱüֻ˳ˡ
Ԫ޼߲ľ磬ĲΪ
ħĴܣ˿̵ľΪ
˵̫ˣ޼ɿջĹȻˡ
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һܿˣ˵ϲ⣬ģ˻Եɾ˷꣬ϸ˵Ǳɾ͵ģҲǱİӡҲգͷһ壬ΪŻɡ
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ݵԵʣ˾ΪԵȺΪţû˸ҿҲû˸ֹˡ
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ˣҲ˳ΪһıըϢûйˡ
޷׵ģѵһ٣һֻ֣ôŷ뿪϶˲ú̫صС

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УʬɾͻԪ޽ɺûйȻħ
ڤһʽ齨Լħ֧
ΪͳħڤһħһħĴһħԪ޽ħһµħ֧
עʮħʹҲǺʥˣǾѺ㣬ʮ˺ͱʥ˲һۿܳ
ʬɾͻԪ޺󣬾ۼһħӪĴڣǿɡ
ħ߷׷ͶǺʬȻ׽
Ͼ֣ħӪȻ
֤죬һµħ֧
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źãһĸãΪ
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룺Ǽλ޼ĬϵģΪľǲֹԼ˵·һҺõģܡ
ԽԴԽгɹģҲʧܵġ
ˣ
ʱ
Щ塱ʱ򣬺Ȼ洫ͯͯŮľ
һ˵ĸо̧һֻһϵԼʦ
㣬㣿һ󾪺


1066 ۷
үôܣ⡭
ھȵʱ̣ͯѾϳˡ
ǻ
Ȼ㣬ǰ
ѡǰҵƶ޷Ǻ͵ͬΪѡЦ
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żҲˣ
żмһ¡
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꣬Ҿɱ٣Ϊһʧչ鹦һҺ̫˵Ҳ̫⣬ʱǺ͵ߵսʱЩǵҵġ˵ǰңҪңˡ
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ⲻ̭Ͼ˵˵һԼڿһԼһʮֵ档
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ⷽ棬ûʲôġ
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лָ㣬仰ƶ̫ҪˣĻƶ˵ˣк񱨡
ǺǣѿˡĻ֮ĶʹĦƶ֣Լǰ·ûҵǸʱɡЦ
ô䣬ղҲ뵽ˣҲֱ˵ˡ
Ĺ䣬ҿжȣ㲻кøжа
ڻˣое̫ˣֹǶԼġ
̾ǰԵѵ⣬κ͵ѽ֪֪µĻǺεȵĹâ䣬ƶܽˡ
ͬ⣬ǧ;ͬ飬ڽģһ⣬Ҳҵļ֡ܵõѵĿޣʤҡЦ
㿴Ļ
桭
˶ͯͯŮĿﻯˡ
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ˣƶȥǻҲǻȻˣʲôģοͯҪ֤㣬ǸкôҵѺͯǻ빲ô꣬ҲǶмӣмӣǼɣǶкôĪҪ˵ˣ˵Ҫƶˡ
ˣˡˣͰ˵İɡ
һЦãáƶ⣬᳣פ̫硣̫˵еͯ⣬ǿ顢ʯȼλûУƶŵͯδⲻס

㣬˽ꡣ
뿪ʱ򣬲ͯǲᣬûѵᡣ
ȻѴȥΪ˰ݷüĺǰҾͲˣҪ
һһѾʹ˱
룡
룬


1067 һ׼
ݼ𣡡
ݼ𣡡
ڵһУָ̫棩ѾΪµķ̫һݡ
ǰ˷һĻڽ̬ȣ˰Ϣݸ̫
ȻϢЩбġ
ָǣʮȥˣʱ䣩ڼŵĵһ棬˿ѾνĴ
ڴǰ൮ڼ䣬굽ȥװŪԲ˵ͺϵ
ڵܱߵĿհ׵Ŀռ䡣Щռ̫˵ǵһ磩
Щ̫ǰµıԴΪܣ˵ԲǵĹ
紴һ񻰻Ĺ£֮Ĵ֪µԽԽࡣ
ǿʼ˻ͼУЩͼУЩĹ
Щ类̫ƺΪ硱
Щ粻ʲôδ֪ڵܱϡ
һϸСɼķӣһ磬ǵȷԽάȣڵһС
翪ʼѿͷż֣ᷢһհ׵磬ʼֲɼĹ
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ʱˣҲˡ

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һĻĻ̫ʧ˺ܾãʶ磬ÿһ綼ǿ涼ǿ
Ϊζжӣ
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νͽһ֣νԪһ֣ʶķ֮룩

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Ȼ˹أͰչ̫ϲعصˡ
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У̫µĴҪķʣҲռ˴ɱԴĴԽ̫ͨһ˽ơ
͵ȽʧЩԽͨ
ңָݱ˺֧ܶһЩδ֪ɼĿռ䣬ԼС
Ҳڻǣָʱ䣬Щνָû¶ǿ󣬺ǲۡ
Ѳһ̫´ĽƣͨʱԲ̲ٿصࡣ
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˵꣬ͷʾˡ
ȴʣ˵ģԴͷҲǾͷҪʵĿ飬ҪʼʱշĿ飬ĳɵȷΣķ
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ԼЦɣתصʵ
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⣿޲TȻˡ
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Ҳҵĳŵ컯ضҪһ˵ġ컯ںϺ˫ޣ˵ںϣܴﵽ֮Ĳ㣬Ĳټ̫ʱԲ̵ĸҲΣյġʱҲסңİɡ
ˣˣ̫
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1069 ϼ޻̫
֮ӵ컯ԪںϽϵĴ֮С
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״̬Ҫֺܾãֱȹʱճӵķ߳һؿ
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ʱ޿̶ɢһڵĹ򣬴˵زǾ֮ء
ԼڱУȥǻزȥˣԼȥΣո󣬻ᱻŭĵһնɱ
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ֻҪȥ˵ھŻ磬ԼֻܸҪԼǿʱ˭ʹ
ֻһǰΪ˵һļƻҲΪԼǰ;ΪǸ

ʮ𣬿ʼԼ׳
ʩչȫճıǰС
о˾ճıƺûоͷԼҪֲסˡ
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񷢷ȼձԴֶΣֻҪȥ˾ͳɹˣɹǾͲɹɡ

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һκζȫƾҽ;
ȻںϵھŻĵһǿҵųС
˵˻ĵǶųġ
̫ԤԵ鷢ˡԭڱĻУǲȫںϵġ
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Цˡ
ԼղŻڿյת֮صͽ󣬹Ȼѹƣںϴ˻ĵͺˡ
԰ΪˣҲɣ˱ѹƲںϵǰᣬԼ컯ںϺټ鱦̹ţ⣬Լ̹ųΪˡ

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ƻǲ߻ˣһʲôУ͵ʴס



1070 ţСīĴԽ֮
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1071 νָ
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ǺĻãҪǺģԼһҪ
뵽Լһۣ֮ɾͷ棬Լؼ֮á
Ȼˣһ֮ۿܾǴ˿һ۷塣
ɾͷ棿
ⶫСɾǷ档
ǧܽɾǷ档
ڴǧܴ޲ܳƺΪ档
ҪǺģҪ׼ʥġ
Ǻģƶɮ᲻ʥˣ᲻Ůʼ棬᲻ƶɮĿӵ׼ͽԼˣòƣòҷŲаںģҷŻҵ磿
ͷˣ
ȿȣҷ׼ľУ⡭
ɱСһ¡
һᣡ
ϵͳôܾͻɲΣ
Ҫͻɡ㣬޷ͻɣ⣬ϵͳΪϵͳҪţðһ磬ҲҪΪһ𾴵ĸ֡
Сɱ
УŬ
˵ʲôֻŬûк·
֮СУʼδ硣
ֹΪڴﵽɵĲΡ
ȥ˷ӡ󷨺󣬴˽ֻһˣǾһ֮ۡ
ʼڹ۲̫ˡ
̫ûš
һֱС飬ıϵͳָ趨
ǰΪʮʱ䣬Сɱܳɾһۣ֮ʮˣֻɵĲΡ
ʵ
Ȼԭ̫Ϊ˿ܽᾭ顣
ҪǿıСʮһԳɾһ֮ۡ
ûУΪľʵ飬˾û֤Ŀġ

ʮ꣬һʮˣѾѷˣҲ֪ҵļôˡ
Сż˼Լļ
ϵͳĿǻؼ֮ãϣ
Ȼ֪δܼѣǻؼ֮Ķ
ʱģҲǼء
ǰȥӡĲúһλԵһ˶
֪Լʲôط
ȻǺķ磿ĴԽ˺ģһȻͬĺģһĺģ찡
ǴλԵԼ֮ء
ģԴͷŵòᡣ
£Ѿ뵽
֪Լϵͳɲɵùʥˣܻš
һߣ
һֱ۲̫ãʱԽ۲ˡ
ţСīԽСɱ𲽵Ľ׶Ҫġ
У̫ı˺ܶϵͳ©ѾﵽĿġ
Իصһ棬ĴԽˡ
Сõľ飬֮Խõָ飬ϵͳĹ滮
С֮·ϵͳһһη£ﵽԤڡ
ˣ
нˣǷصһɣСвҪԶˡ
굹ûп̫˵ˣҲҷԡ
˶Խߺ׽ƺԼͬһ
ǣ𣡡̫ˡ
˻صһʱ̫Ȼʣǵǰ𣿡
⣿һ
ʵҲһֱܽţܲȴû˵ġ
ͷˣԼǰһģһԼȴƾʧˡ
ûڹ
Ȼ𣿡̫
ʱĻݣҲ˵ȥ
ȥʱ䣬̫˵Ѿûκεˡ
δǴԼʱս˺δͱˣϺĵĸı䣬˵δδ֪
°ѵԭһģһȻ㲻δ
ֻ˵̫£ᰴĸıʵ֡
ʵ̫о仰˵ǲڣҲڣһֱûڹ
һû̫ǸϲӰ̫
ǣܣϧһ켣Ҳ
򣬻ǸصĵȻ綼Ҫأصԭ򣬿ܾµġ
֪Ϊ𣿡輤ʡ
ʣ̫ˣǴ󵨵һ䡣
Ҳ֪δܣιȥȴδһ֪ǱﵽΣС
̫˵꣬ûй͡
˵ľУֻ̫һ֣ϵ㿪ʼˡ
һһˣһ˻ţСīһе⣬еƾʧȥˣ
Ȼ˵ĴԽˡ
̫Ԫз֮УƯһʱԲ̡
ֻԲ̿ʼ̫ͨ࣬дԽƶߡ
һ飬ɢ˸಻һС
ʼˣ
̫˵


1073 컯һĺģ
һ̫ıתĵһһǺĵʮǧꡣ
̫һ˳һľ޴
Ȼ򲻰ͨ硣
ᵼһ
һԽ飬һԪԲص˵ȴ֣Լֻ뿪һꡣ
̫ŵһٴԽ飬ȫϵͳָеǸ
֮ĸı䣬ʱԲΪá
һٴԽڣʼǵ֮á
Щ󣬾ͲҪ̫ŵһˣ̫ʱǵ󣬺߸Ԫ֮Ҳǵյʱ̡
Ľ̫꣬ڴ˵Ⱥ
컯ڴ֮гɵ̫Ҫ컯ͱ𳹵׵ںϡ
ںϺ̫Ϳʼȥ̹֮š
֮⣬Բİ̹žȻ̫ҪȫնɱΪԼĶ𣬺õһļƻ׵ա
̫˷صɽ硣
ڴ֮ӡ
ֻһ˻ŵɫȻ䣬䵭ɫ˻һǡһ
һ˻ȴǶ˵ԡ
ǰ֮ӳɵ컯ˡ
Ǳ˵ʱ𣿹ȻǸΣյĿ飬֪Уڼƽʴص־ƶͱһ壬Σ֡
ѵ컯һ󾪻š
̫˵ѾĶԴˣȻ²ѡ
ڶȹˡ
Ǳ˵ģ沨Ư֮ӵľͷҲԴͷﾭο顣
뵽컯һء
ʱš
֮ӵʱ⣬ͺĲһϵɲ޾£Ҳ޾£ȴû䡣
컯ڴУ˾ͷ
еһɾ޴䵭ɫ˻ʼܿƵıһ޷֪֮̽ء
ʱ컯Ҳʧȥʶ
ֱһѵһ̣һռС
ǣƶ֮أ̫Ԫ𣿡컯һȡ
컯ĵ̫ʱսǣ˵ԭ
ҵһαҵĿ飿ȻҺ̹ŵһͱ̫һ
컯̫ĳɵ֮ãûʲôνıҡҡҵĿ顣
ǵ֮ң֮ң͵֮ҵĿ顣
ԭΪصԵʡ
̹ŲͳıҡҡҵĿ飬һ
컯Լĳɵ飬籾̫һ̹Ŵһ
ˣԼǱ̫չ鲻Ǳ̫Լ̹һĿ顣
Ȼ̫ܡҲá컯
ȻˣѸٵĻָǣʼĳɵ顣

ʱš
ת˲ʮꡣ
ںɽУ̽һ֮ӣɱ޺
ǷСɱ
̫뿪ĵ꣬ϵͳָ񣬴ﵽɵĲΡ
Σڴﵽ˷۷塣
ⷲ˵ʵŵòᡣ
Ϊһͳĺģʲô
һ޾飬˴ķ硣
Ȼħʿ˼ǣпƼ
ʱһΪԼԽǼٵĺġ
ôģ̫ˣ
Ļ˴
ǿΪħĿӾȻ޲TΪ
̫߸ˣУ޲T͵սħôħˣħȻ¹ˣ
⻹ũħޣȻǷ޼ʥˣ
޼ʥ˾Ȼʥ˸ߵһ㡣
֡׵ãˡ
ʲôģһںϣΪ硣
ħѾˣƼħʲô
Ϊλ֮ϵɽ磿
˵ضǵֶ
ΪĺĸûԶֻģ⡭о仰ں
⣬֮ϵɽ磬ҪɽٲſɷҲ˵ɽԷ˵͵ĵΪɣɲ˽ɣֻڷ硣
ôνɽָöǿ
⻹Ǻ𣿻˵ڤ硣
֮˺ܾãʵ
ΪˣڴԽʮѾԶɽٷˣΪ磬Ӳסڷꡣ
Ĵ㼣鲼ʮޣԼǿգ˷硣
һ֪ĻҪ棬а˴бȷ½Ҫٵǿա
ҺܶǿеȻ棿
棿Լڵĵĵط
ѵжά棬Լĵ棬ֻ޾еһ
⣬ԭŵޣըʮάռѹάȣȻά㱬ըķΪάά΢άȣŵ޵ںϷǿա
֣ԼȻء
νȻ˵治š
ƼһǿǽĿɿڴ
ǿУһĳ壬ԭֻһԱӪԼħѹĿ档
ûԼǰƻС˵пģ岻ﶼǴѡ
ħʲôģѾеˡ
Ƽͳ嶼ˣ̫ˡ
磬ģѾ֪ˡ
ռ˺ܶԼƼĿƼĹϣԼܻع򣬺ðԼļ׳
꣬ĺܳʵ
ȻĴһδˢۣܺŮӸӴˡ
ܾõŮˣڿԡ
֮ǰČ˿඼ʵˡ
еǣϵͳϵͳƺϸˡ
꣬˵ӦõģϵͳԲġ
ѯʺϵͳȻ˵⣬Լѡ
еĵطϵͳӦѪһһδһǰ
Ϊҵϵͳˣ
ѵǷϵͳԵʣ
˵˧˵ˣΪΪ
֮ܺ棬ԼǰѪһϵͳʱܶɽٺ󣬾Ͳˡ
磬ɽٿԼľ
ǿϵͳˣ꣬ȫ硣
Уļ֪İ·׷׿ʼɽٳɾ˽ɡ
ɱСŶɽٴɽ硣
꣬ҲеȴŮ˶ɽٵԭ
ϵͳ޾Ĺģû˱ȵĹؼࡣ
ŮĹؼ£ʱ䶼ɽˡ
ԲĴԽߡ
ҪǴԽˣнָϵͳ֣òǲŽʧܡ
ڵͺԲŮȫɽ٣ȫԲҪɽ硣
֮󡭡
ɽҲһ̡
Ǵ޽ɵɱڿʼȨӴһЩˡ
ɽУ˺ܶпĿ飬ϵͳİУŮȥ
⻹ıܡ
Ϊˣ
ɽ̫ˡ
ʮˣԽʮˣƶɮڴﵽ˴޽ɵĲΡ
ǣ⵽磿ʥ˾˵һٶ࣬޼ʥ޼޽ʮ롢ˣۿˣΪζڣΪζڣΪô໥ţ
޽ɵȻеԭ
׼ʥߴ޲繷˽ĺģǣǡ
޼ߣʥ˲繷һޣңҡ
ȿȣ
˵ĵ߸ĲԼ˽ĺģɽѾãˡ
˵ǺģԼ֪ĴܶڣޡʳԣħԼڵħѶС
ü޲T壬׼ᣬȵȴܶڡ
￴Ǻġ
ǣΪζţΪκħ٣
˵ԼԽ˵ʱ䣬ԼȫʱΡ
ǰԼܶٸݼҷԴħĽԼ֪
֮ܶһ仰Լˣ̫̫֡
̫Ҫ̽ˡ
Ϊ˵޽Ǹﶼǿһ̡
ܾò¶ϵͳȻ䣺
֣ϲɵڶ񣬳ɾʹ޷档ڿ񣺻ؼ֮ãϣŬ
ȿȣ
ɱһΣϵͳڳЦ𣿳ЦΪ𣿡
ǣĹϲɵڶ񡣡
ðɣ͵ĹϲҡɱЦϵͳܲһܣĺ𣿡
ǣ
ǣǣģĲӦ
֣벻Ҫã˽ĺֻǵ;˵ĺġϵͳΪܿÿϵͳʧʮˣ㻹ִΪԼǰļǶԵġ
ңɱһġ
Ȼûκܷɡ
ϵͳ˵öԣԼԺĵֻǰļ䣬伸ԴС˵ԼΪ
ôˣԼΪŵºĺԼеĲһԼ㯡
ϵͳ˵ҵȷˡ
ɱȻ˿ҲǼᶨһЩ
ϾϵͳʧԼʮ꾭ģԼǰе鹹
ԼȥŮˣǺγΪԼΪµģ
뵽ЩڴһԽߣ׵ıһɽ飬ãҸоԽˡ
һ񣺻ؼ֮á
Ϊﵽ׼ʥԲϵͳ·صҲõһЩԽܣŬ
׼ʥԲ򣬴Խܣ
ؼһ
񣬿ȥܼѣջòƺܴܴ
ҴԽǹؼΪԽܻغϵͳܡ
ؼʣֵϸȺ֣׼ʥԲϵͳ¡ص
ûϵͳİ׼ʥԲǲܻصˡ
Լ棬ǰԼڷǿյ⣬ӦҲ޾һ
ɽȥҪͻƱݣֻʥ֮ϵΪſɡ
ô˵ǲԼʥ˺󣬲ܲýϵͳһȥ棿
һ˺ܶࡣ



1074 ˽ڣ֮Ĳ
֮Уɵɵ컯ֻϿʼ˱仯
ǵ֮Σ컯鲻Խĸ̾
αҡҡҵĿ飬Լң컯ڳɵˡ
ڴڼ䣬Һ̫оյĶȹ˳ɵĿ顣
䡪
ֻһ
Ŀռ˳ȥһʶѵʱ̣Ѿڴ֮С
һ䵭ɫ˻ʼֱ仯ֻ˿߿ʼۣҪ۷֮ˡ
컯ʼ컯ɾʱ̣Ѿ컯ߵ
һ̵ˣ˵塣
֮ԴԴϵԴͷΪԪеķ֮ӣӽУ֮ӡ
Ӱʼ֣ϵʵֱ
ˡһ֮屻ˡ
컯һ۴֮ӣʼɼĸܵһǴ֮ӵų⡣
ಡһ
֮ų컯˴֮ӵĶա
ʱһɫĹâϮǴ֮ӵĹ
ǰ̫̹ţΪԿϹ⣬Ϲƽ˷֮ء
컯˵Ķˣ˳ƶΪһģƳصĴ֮ӡ
䡪
ʱ컯Ǻ̫Ȼͬĸܡ
̫ճɵͱ˺Ƭ컯ˣص˵ھŻС
˿̵ʼظ̫ӷ֮عĸоһ˵ӡӡԪС
κΣĪκΣκΣ
һͳ컯鲻ɼĵ
հհգȻ˻ص̫ұɣҾˡ컯ɫı顣
Ҫʧ˵ɾ˵ид

̫磬̫붨
컯ɹˡ
ȻصˣȻ޲ĳɵ̫
һԵɻʣ
£컯ɵˡ̫
컯ɹˣŶ̶̲ʮɣ澪ȵʡ
бɹأ뱾Ȼ졣
컯Ҫʧ𣿡
Ҳǳʧֻ˵ͱںϣǻɾ޼ɣ˺ͺһ㡣
ͺá
˵ʵǰܵǵģ컯̫ںϺ󣬻̫
Ը᲻ı䣬Ը񲻱䣬б仯
ڷˣֻ˵ͷںϣ컯Ǻʶʧǻ
ಡ
ʱ
ֻһʱ̷֣컯
ɹˣ
ǵģȥɡ컯
ţ̫һɻʣԵȵȵġ
ˣͱںϣƶҲþѾޱڴˡ컯
˵ĶԻ֮
̫е棬ɾ˵ķĺ֮ǰһˣһ˸ĳ֡
֮εȷ棬ҪԼǱԼ̫棬ܴ˿̵컯ȫԺ̫Ϊ̫û취
Ҳá̫˵ͷ
ʹ˸ɫʾ̫硣
̫컯ʧˡ
ڻУ
֮ε仯ܴҶܲ뷨ˡ̫ʵ
˲𣬲׽ɶ
Ҳԡ̫˵ͷֵǱоַ츲صı仯һǵĵ
Σʼɡ컯Ц
ƣ
̫е㲻컯컯ɵ޷ȡ컯Ҫ󣬾̽˼ˡ
ֻ컯һһɽ̫ԪС
̫Ԫеķ֮Ͽգ컯ڴˡ
Ҫ㻹иҪ飬ðɣֻǻ
ಡ
䡪
ֻ컯Ͷ̫֮ӣĵϺ忪ʼҵڣ̫ķ֮ӿʼҵı䶯
̫֮ķ֮ӿʼ׳ˣ׳ٶޱȵѸ١
̫Ϊ֮һ
ɻ뵽컯Ǿ仰ðɣֻǻ
仰ֵıˣ컯ɵй뷨̫Եƽ
һܡһ˸
ǣ֪ΪʲôˣҶǺ̫ںϡ
򣡡̫룬ʼȫԸƿѸķ֮ӡ
֮ζ㣡
컯һ̣̫ӵ֮һﵽ˶㣬һѸС
ֻ̫ķ֮ӳ˾ҵĲˣǿĲ໥Գ֣໥ڣ˵Ľڡ
֮㣡
컯ĳʧֻһ˿ԭˣֽ̫һ㣬ﵽ˵֮㡣
ȶ̫ܴﵽ֮Ĳ㣬ԤƵһ
ȫԸȹգ̫Ȼֳһ񣬶ס컯һ˿ԭˡ
ǽҪ컯̫ǲסԭҲᱻڵ
̫Ӧ컯һ˵
һһУһƿһУ֮Ӳ졣
ߵҵľ
䡪
ֱһҵĲ֮ӱͱ˺ֺܶ࣬Ȼ˱
֮Ĳ㣡
㵽ĲĹؿһؿͻƺ󣬷֮ӵȣȻԶ֮ǰһ㵽㵽ܺ͡
ʱ֮еߵȶ
ֳμȴ໥ڵ֮ˮ
Ȼ䣬һ˵ӡǱ̫գһ̫ʼ˵档
һһϸ˵
ױȵĸо̫оԼһУࡣ
ʱá
ֹ̫͵۾ֻ֮С
ռ֮ͨ˵ռͨС
ʵΪһĲΣޱǿһͨͨ
̫ˣ˵ϸڷǿˣǺ֮ǰһͨƺ
ķ֮ӣΪ
˫̫ڿƣһᱻ
һһϸ΢ϸ΢ֻһļһ﷢ˣǶ
ǣһݡ
ںϵھŻĵݶڡȻڣҵӦֻ̫ѵ̽ѲӣҪصʵһ㡣
Զֲ󣬱Լƫˡ
ǲ֪֪˴˿̵̫᲻ܡ
˵̫
ɫһص΢Ц޷˵Ϊ˱ƿصĸо
ȫ˵ŵ˾ˣΣ˹̫֮

ֻһһһ̫Ʈ컯ԭˡ
̫˵ķ򣬸컯˾ˡ
ֻԭ˿ʼҵı仯һӰʼ֣컯ӡ
ӰϵۣΪ;翪ʼϵǿ
ɡޡʥˣֱ޼ɣ


̫һȣ컯ˡ
ˡ
𡣡ֻ컯ˣ̫һݵ
˿̵ˣѾǳ׵ˣ֮ǰһ塣
оô
ɣ޾ĸоܲ
ǺǣѲɴǰɣûɰɣ̫еε
ҲĪҪᣬƶ˿ĸܣ
ˣס̫һֻ֣гһ󶦡
컯Ǹɡ̫컯컯
ǣ컯Ҳûܾ
̫ܼˣһ컯˵пޣҸʺ컯
Ҳ̫ĵڶ
һ˵ķ򣬴˾ɣڶ컯
ȥģ̫ʵ
Ĵ֮Ѱһʺϵĵطɽ
̫ͷס̫Ҳļңɽ룬һơ
һ֡
ƿɲ̫糩ͨ裬ǽȥ磬ǧ磬κСС涼ͨ衣
̫۵ƣ˳̫磬á
뿪ˡ컯̫ƺ˵
ţȥɣ
ƶˣ
컯ʧ˻С
̫һʱû뿪ȥ컯컯˼
뵽컯Ǿ仰΢΢һЦ
컯йѵ뷨ȴû˼֮ιȻߡ
뵽컯ȻԼںϵǰһ̣ǾĻ̫е˼
ԲĿˣͺá̫
ʵ̫ûк֣ûֶΣֻûá컯ƿԶ컯Լ֪Ķࡣ
̫Ļ磬ĿǴ͸ʱգ޵Զ
һ𣬶ǻ˵ʱˡ̫
ܵԪз֮ӷڵķ֮еһȵĳС
Ϊӵ֮һ㣬˴˿̵Ĳ㣬ⲻĿԽһڵڵĴԽ
˵һѾ˼ڵ̫˫ߣ¡
̫ܸ󣬿ɴǰͱߵƿغĵ󣬸дûж
˿̵̫ôƽ
̫ʧ˻УһⶼûУͲڣ޴ڣԲȥģһֱڴˡ


ʦ𣡡
ǰ̫뿪水̫ɫԵ˵ˡ
˵Ƕ֪ʦȥˡ
ֻû뵽ô죬Ŷ̶̲ǧ꣬ʦͻˡ
˵ôоʦû˿ı仯
ʦʯŵʡ
ɹˣ컯ȥˣһԲ̫Ц
˿һϲ
Ϊθ̫ܲı仯
ֻ˵ܸܵŽ֣ǲԶˣȻ̫ܲı仯
ΪеĲ಻㡣


1075 ٺƬڶϷŪ
Ȼ𣿡
ڷ֮ԨܱߵıϣȻһĿ⴩ɡ
̫
컯ڣΪﵽ֮Ĳ̫ѹƵ˷֮ء
̫Լ뿪ʱ䣬ڵھŻĶԼڣɵĲֶΡ
׼Ǳ˴С
¾ˡ뿪ˣ̫û֣͵͵۲һ¡
̫Ԥƣ˵ӦûеһµֶΡ
Ϊֶθ˻ɡ
ֻʲôãŷƭ̫ĳԡ
²ãǹ̫
˵һΪĶڵھŻ̫֪Ҫ¶ˡ
̫ƶһΪ˹ɣº֡
ǽ̫ûäĿ
ۿ˿̫һ˼
ûԥĴ͸˴ݣԨ
֮˲̫ʧˡ
ﲻǾ֮أ뿪ȥ̹š
ڣеĶûõһ֡
Ѿǵ֮Ĳ̫֮ظΪͬ
һǱʱԷ֮ʲô㲻ʲôط
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Ԩ̫һλصάķ֮ء
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ѵ˺ãѵ˫ڷ֮زѴ򿪷ʽ
̫һ˼
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һµһ
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ǳ⣬ʱձңֻ̫ڵܱ߿ʼѺۡ
ߣ
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㣡
ˣ
ʲô
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㻹һ֣㷴ˡ

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Անɱ
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Ȼ
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Ȼ̫Ҳ˫ߵǸҵģж֣Ҫһ¡
̫ķ̫չ˺͵ڶĶԴ
̫ԽԽ˷ܣڶԽԽľʲô
Ϊ֮ڣȻǿزӦð
С
ֻͨŭͺйԼĲ
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ָͬҲУܡ
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ǣΪô˷أ
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̫ǿֻҪǿ
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֮εĶսⱻѹƵķ֮أȻݱ
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СȻ֪ţ֮أӦǰ塭סְɣǿԳΪѡڶҲı֮ˡ
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ǣһϳˣǾͲһˡ
ҪޣûҪõô
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ಣ
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Ȼһа֣
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͵ѡ̫
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Ȼ
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̫ĺƭϰˣ¡
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ǿ
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̫뵽
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˵
֮Դ̹Ŵ񣬾һķ羰
羰ǣһֱиֵţƤǸ棬ţƤǴºţ
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ɰˣʲô
в
ߣ
̹źˡ
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ǣվס


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ʱ˽ꡭ
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Ҳ¡ˣұܺ͵ڶ֮ߵһսο𣬾ɱҲսʤ
ڣ
һάʱ˵ı졣
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ȥǷһе״εĸо
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ѣΥˣ̹õΪˡ
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̫Ȼû˵ǿ
оŪӣҪô죿
ɱѡ
붼롣
Ǻã
λѣλѡ㲻ܽܡ˷֪ܵʲôк¡
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һ㡣
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̫΢Цĺ̹Ŷһۣƺ˸Ҳ
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ȿȣʵʵ˵˴αȷıԴȫ˵صصھŻУһȻ̹ŵѵģһ
̫β
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оˬһ
УУεºܡ˲ˣܴӦ
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仰˳Ǹ̫Ͽεġ
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㲻ɡʱǲõġ
ˣ̫һǳ⡣
Ҫ˵һ£ھŻûô򵥣һ벽磬˼𣿡˵ȥھŻҫǲ磬ֻҪˣͻᱻĺƹܣǵҷĴۣɡ
⣿
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磿
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𣺡
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֮⣬һǼס
̫
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̫ûбĶ˵ˣΪҲǴ㡣
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ңھŻźԽԽǿסģ˷֣˵ˡ
˵˺ôܶ࣬Ҽ־ͬϡ߹
ҲԽеһȺӵķţ̫ԼӳһͷûΪ˹ͷȥ͵һԡ
һеģµǣΪȥ磬ʲô鶼ó

ȴһЦ
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⻰˵꣬ˡ
أ
ܼ򵥣˭룬˭һݱԴƿأǴ̫ۡ˵
ܣⲻ𣿡鲻Խѿڵ
ǺǣǴۣΪأ̫Ц룺ûд۱㡣
ֵ̫ȻȫԲӦ˵Ȱȣһ챾˵ʵˣʱǲҪۣҲȥھŻУǲ֪ȵʲôʱ򡣡
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ʱû̵ģû뵽
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ߣЦ𣿡̫Ǳŭˣһʱͱ˸ˡ
еɣȻЦˡ
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̫ȴף˵֮ΡһԼ˰һݱԴԼԼҲɱǣеܣ˲ơ
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ӣ׵ġ

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꣬ˣ˭ȴһܡ
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ҲĵطȷݱԴڵھŻݵֲ󴩹ҵİλϡ

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ĺð
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ǰҺΪѣλѽԴɣҺ֮ǰҲ֪ĶԲԣ̫沿ʮֵ
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ǼǼõľǾͰһˣϵֿһˣͿ˳ˡ
ϣ
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ео
о̫ã֪Ϊָо
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Ϊ̫֪̫ļޣϾһ֮Ρ
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ɫĹ㣬̹šˡ
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ø·һ߸·һԨҲͲˡ
˸˼ĸԨ

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̫Ĳᣬ׷Ź̫̫ڵϢߵһ
ʱһ̫ǿ˶භԼ͵ż˾С
ǣ˵һĵһȴһ
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ʩչ˼У˵һµʯϣϵķʽ

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⻰˵ĵһܲģԼ˵ʵˡ
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һԻ󣬺ɢȥʲô
㣬㣬̫
Ȼ̫˰ԼΧˡ
ʲô
һ𡢶Ϊ޷𣿱֪ˡ
̫һЦɵ۵Ķ;޴Ƶì
㣬
֣
̫ϲ͵һʧδ֪Уĥˣ޷ʧܡ
Լ̹ţȻ̫ģʱ˾ˡ
ֻе֮ѣֻǵǿڷ֮ʮĵʮλ
ҪǻƵìڣ̫һ˾ܽ
Χһ̹ŲסƵìԼԼȫаٷְٵİոɵ
ǲһ·ˣǰ
Ķ񣬱һˣ
ҪģҪչʾԼãȻ顣
ҲϣͶѹ̫ǲа
п˵壬ֻܴɡ
Ƿˣˡ
˵ļҪϾɱ
һߡ
һֱ˭Ƶì
ھŻ̹Ҳһ𣬵űΪָҪȥ֮նɱ㡣
ˡ
̹ŵһ鱦ˡ
ڵһ𺳣Ͳض˵ˡ
Ȼ̹ţȻǵھŻ̹š
Ȼɷǣ
㣬㾹Ȼ̹ţȻǵھŻ磡
һٿصƵìһڸ˵ˡ
Ȼ̹š
ԼʧܵĲԩи̫иûȥ̹ţھŻɲⰡ

һҽд
һ𣬾ң
ֻһҽУ̫еĶЩײƵìϡ
Ϊ˻ֻܿƵì߶㡣
̫һˣһɵˡ
ȻȻڶûƭңǵ֮Ĳ㣬˫ߣ⡭
һ״ǰĿˡ
ûƭԼ̫Ĵӵһﵽ˵Ĳ㣬ֻʱ䡣
ôһƵìһ㤡
Ȼɲ룬̹ˡ
ڶ񣬵һֻϣร
İ취ҲûУƴӣǲܵģҲ֪̫ʹʲôֶοˡ
̫ȻԼĵˡ
̹ŵѲסҪˡ̫̹е
ζնɱƵìҲܡ
Ҫеһ˴ʧء
ħٽҪˣĴٺĻǿҲԤʾŻıݻ
óôʱĲһ
Ҫǵ˴ݽһСͽ࣬ʱǿ顣
̫ҶģξŬһĵ̡
ţ̹ش
Ȼ̫˵סƵìƴҲҪһҪ̫ѷǡ
̹ĲסƵì
ڶͲˡ
Ϊܺ͵ھŻĵںϣڷ֮ǿ˶١
˵ԺԼںϵĵ֮Ĳ̫мܡ
ɱ֮εʵѵġ
̫̹ţֳֻҰ벽
ˣҪնɱһ֮κѡ
ڣùûںϵ
ں˵նɱ
˭ûУǻᣬûںϵں˵ر
ûвĶֻܱһδģֱ֮Ӹɿݣһ̡
ȵľǻۺֶΡ
̫һɱֳ̫ʱԲ̣סҪĶ񣬽Լ̫ͨһĶ


̫Źҡ
ˣдõǰô
̫ģɡ
ꡪ
һֻжϸСԪз֮Ҫס


һ̵Ķ˼ޱȵĸӵġ
˭ں
˭ںһ׵԰ףҪ֮ʱ̣ѡԱ
䡪
ֻһ޴Աһ硣
綼ʼ֮ε䣬ҿԭ飬Ѫ꣬ʾһΰ䡣
ϧ䣡
ع̫ˣеãȻԼȻնɱһ֮Ρ
ôףû뵽
͵ںϣȻܴ


1081 ȡƵìһĲʣ
һߣ
һѹסնɱһ֮ǿߵļ̫̹žƵìŭ
һΣΪԼΪѹƵìξˡ
ϣס
̫
һ𾪣Լնɱһ֮εĸ֣𾪡
ڵһû뵽̫ǿĽ£´֣Ҳնɱһ
ͬʱͨ˴εĽɱʶ̫ǿ
˻ŵķ֣Լں˵ƺҲͺ̫࣬Ҫ
˫ͬ޵ˣȻ
ĵѹ֣̫ǿնɱѹסˡ
Ȼһ֣̫սʤĸо
䡪
̫֣̹ſԱģһγƵì
ϵĵһһܲ
նɱˣԼƵìƺҲҪصޡ
̫ĪҪ̫ˣһߵĺá
㾹Ȼ˵һߡ̫ЦˣһȻ˵һߣ
ЦһδεвԼȺģھȻԼһߡ
룡
̫һȡ
ʱ̹ˣһʱ˿̫ͣչƵì
˴ܣԷƵìӶݣ̫ƵìһδεӲӲ
˫ߺƵìľһƵì·硣
֮κڣ߰˾Ų㣩һ鱦ֻ̫ڵĵĲ㣬˫ߵԵʣһ
һƵìûκεİ취βһˣһҪѵһԪȻȡƵì
֮
ȣ
У
̫ǿֻͨƵì˸ĵȻȥ
ǸĵһԪҪס
ǵһڲԳ֣ѹƵǰ£һ赲̫Ĺ

һ˺ѷεʹУڷ֮صĵһϥɫ԰ף亹ֹ
Զ뿿ʶĽ̫ѹıԴһ
ǵһͲ顣κΣܸķɽˮǲġ
ƾķͨƵì̫
Ȼˣҡ
䡪
㣡
滭ת䣬ڻУۿʶҪһž̫õƵì뷨鱦
̫⣬ͷһˡ
ҪһɲһҪƵì˲䣬̫˵תĿꡣ
䡪
һ죬ֻƵìİѱΪ
̫˵һ뷨ȥֹˣȴȻû
죬һĸʶʧˡǣƵìҲȥһ롣
һ鱦ѱΪһĲΡ
⻹̫ǰ¡
ˣ

ʦĸ
ңϣ̫İ˴ӣһɫԥ档
ĻܲĲľ죬ˡ
Ǵ֪ʦ𲻾ǰȥˣȥ˷֮ء
粻ϳֱʣǺǾġ
ǣʥǰ̽Ϣ
Ӫߡ塢Լħħʹ
ν֪η֪٣ηҲ١
̫ͬ˴Ӻĵǣ塢˵ûжٵġ
ǿûе˵⣬Ҳ֪λôĵԼ
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֡ûµġ˵ĺ
֪û£ֻ̫һ˳

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Ѿ൱ˡ
ǲ֪ĵһڸ
һܸ

ˡ
һХ͵վɫ԰ףɫ
̫ס
˷۱Ҳϲ񣬿ɶһжʧˡ
˵ԼĻ鱦Ƶìߡ
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йһ󣬵һĿ⿴Ԩıݣ̫ĺޣѾ̹ġ
Ҫд赲ھȥ̫ƴ
ʦ𣡡
ǰ
͵𲻰˵õһ侲һ¡
û£û¡Һ侲ˣǻһΣھŻźĵķչĻԽԽǿ󣬶ݻԽԽȱ˥ǿԽʱ򣬾̫ڣߣ
һ侲
ڵھŻĿġ
οԼɹûô򵥣ʧΪ˽ĳɹ̵档
ȻҰοʧܣǱ
ʦҪôʵ
һϵʮɻ𣬺͵ʮ쳾𣬰£ͽھŻ磬̫ȷչ
⣿ߺһ
ȴҲûзæǣ
赣ģɻǵ֮ζ㣬쳾ǵ֮Ĳ㣬һΪһ֮겻ǿĻ鱦
аǵİ£ھŻ磻
ǽȥ̫ԣ̫̫ȣ֪ǵĻᱩ¶
ʱ˱¶Ҳ޷ĵھŻݣֻܽĲ֮µģ
˵֮ĲҪǿƸ˻Եⲻ֪ھŻ̫̹ԼͽЩǺΣյģӡ

һ˽һ£˻Ȼʡ
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⣬쳾ǿһ鱦
Ĳ֮Σڵʮԭ
һǴΪ֮ΰ˲㣬˲۷壬ҪŲ㣬ֻܸµĵûнĿܣһ鱦
ڶ߲֮㣬һ鱦
ǻߣŻ磻߲֮㣬Ҳһ鱦
Ůԣţ֮㣬ʱ֮һ鱦
Ҳǵ֮㣬ǵһռ޻鱦
ǵ֮㣬ţǵ޻鱦
ǵһĵӣΪǵ֮㣬ֻ֮أҲ𡣴ǰƵìûˡ
ڰǵ֮㣬컯ţͬûл鱦
ھ𣬵֮㣬ޣеҲûл鱦
ʮǺ쳾𣬵֮Ĳ㣬ȴһ鱦顣
ʮһûл鱦
ʮȥĶ
ʮ𣬾Ƿɻֻе֮㣬ûл鱦
Ƿ֮صʮʮˡ
һ˼ǣ
ѵʮ쳾𣬺͵ʮɻ£
˺ھŻ磬Ǽ̫ԣ̫ܽеķչ
ͬⲻͬ⣿һаա
ʮŵȫǷӣΪȥУʲôԸ
˵ȥΣգ㲻µģ£Σգ
ǻۺǶ֮ʴĿҪˣ˵һΣˡ
һպܴ󣬾ǲ̫ɣĺ̫ʱ䡣
ֻܽĲ֮µģǾͽĲĽȥĴԽԽࡣ
ֱǶܽʱ򣬾̫ĩա
͵׺жȥҵʮ͵ʮˡ
Ű̫ǵĽءߣ
һЦ

ȴ˵̫
ֻƵì󣬶ȸűغİɣȥĵǿǻ֣֮ᷢǰƭˣĵȷǿ
ˣ̫Ҳú˼֡˺߹ĹϵҪΪǢ
ˣȥʶһºĵǿ󣬻˺ĵļţ˲Żٴע˼
ǣѵġæͷ
˵ʵʶ̫ʶ̫նɱԼ͵һƵìսеˡ
̫Ȼǵ֮Ĳ㣬̫ǿˣһ֪̫ԭ鱦ǼԲ鱦ǿ
ң̹Ҳأ̹Ҳһ鱦ҿ̹ŵӣƺҪˡ
֮ǰ̹ŲܽΪڴ֮ӣڷ֮ء
ھŻǷһ۷̹ţƺҪˡ
һ̫һǿֲ֮Դ̹ţҪĴۺܲѺð
˶еġ
̫İţǱӦġ
˳̫ľҲҪģȥھŻ磺ġ
ǲĺ̫˵һǿ
ʶһ²ĵġ
Ǻ̫˵Ҫ͵źá
㶨ˣ̫̹ŵѣǻؼҰɡ
ؼңؼң̹ѪеãҲе㼤
ҪԼǰٵˣеӡ
˵кܶԼѪԼҪôأ
˵໥ΪУϣԼҪôأ
˵̳ԼԸѪ壬սʿսսսħԼο
м̳Լ²Ϊֻصĺ
ԼֵԪ壬Լ˫Ŀĵۿ̫һ˺ͺͳء
ԼѪԼ壬ԼʶǶ
ȵȡ
Լĺܶˣüֻǡ
̹еˡ
̹ŵѣĪҪ̫ࡣһʵĺģһǱ޵ĺģӦĺѪǣο̹Ŵ
ǰǰǰңִˣ
̹˲뿪ˣղŵãǰĸ
Լѡ
̫ѣҵĵǣ̹žʧɣ
̹û˺̫ڴ֮еԼ̹žʧɣֻд
˵һҲǴߵǺǣҵĿնɱֻһߣҡˣ̹ţ
Ҳã˵ġ̫΢Цĵ˵ͷ
̹ܲԼĿꡣ


1082 ̹š
ĺС
죬йĸˣɢϢ˲侪Ĵʥޡ
ʶҺܾòˡ
Ĵʥ޶޼Σǵ޼ô򵥡
̫֣ĸʥҪˡ
ҲǽıȻ֮ǰĺҪػ˿̵ĺ׳ʥ޵ػѾпޡ
Ҫĺģ̫ҲɣҪĸʥء
Ȳμ𣬲μ
ʥе㾪ŵĿ̫ˣǵĸо̫ǵĸоһֻͻͲ֮ϣ֮εѹ
ҲҪԲˣ̫ûʥ޵𺳣Ƕʥ޵ҪԲˣԲȥ
ˣ˻ûáʥش
ʥ޳Ѻ󣬽ԶһԪ޼ɣܴﵽ޼ĲϵΪ
ںģֻغü⣬ǿġ
ǽ֮ǿһ
ɣѺ˹ԲΨһ׷޷ǳɵȥ˰ɣҲָһˣǸ㡾ְػĵĻԵ
̫⻰˵еԲѡ
˼ȥԼţȻǵĻԵ
ǣʥһϲˡ
ĻԵ
ģʲôܱȵõָǿ
ڿޣ
ⲻ谡ĻԵ
ο˵ǿţѵҪԼ˿ţģ޷һѣһԼ˻Եѡ
лл˳Ѻ󣬶ȥңл𡭡ʥ޼ݡ
ָ̫㣬ǰˡ
һӵĺģҲػһӣ֪Ҫѵʱǻãû뵽˻Ե
ˣˣǽһλѡָ̫̹ŵǲһּ¶Ϥĸоֳϻ̳ϿҪݵĸо
ʥãĵͷǡ
εģ̫΢Ц
̹Ŵĵʶںػ־ʥׯϵ
Ҫ˵̹ΰأĵ飬ϸһ£ĺᣬѪʶԪѪ
ʥһ⡣
̹ĺħϮ̹һ߸֣ħлķֵػ־ʥޡ
ǺǣǾͶˣǰλѣŴ̫Ц
ʥһ㶣˭ĸû˵
Ȼֵ̫ǵĿǰĵţ֮ǰһУ̹ţ
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̹Ÿ񣡡
⣿
ʥ޶ʱŵһȻǸ̹š
ٿ¶󺺣ֿӣɲ̹Ÿ̬
Ǹ̹š߶µʡ
̹š΢΢һЦ˵ʶʥޣܸܵһѪ
עĿǰ̹ǻʱ̹ŵֻлʱ̹ŵļ䣬ûпٵغͿļ䣩
Ǳ񣡡̹ŵ
һʱһĬ
׻ȸ䣩ݼ񡣡ʥ޼ˣȻ˸̹ţ
ɣǰ̹ţǾǱǰǴ˿̴ػ޾£㡾ְأ˵ʹȻӦõ
ಡ
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һУʥ޺Ȼ֣ԼʱԳѣȴԲʱ䡣
̹Ǽӵʡȥ˺¡
лл񣡡
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ʥ޵Ĺݼ⣬±̫ȻҪһݡ
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벽ѹԭûʲôоǶ飬ѹ̫ǿˡ
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˵ǿ⣬һİ̫
־ûǻֻۣתĹ򣬿̫а
һ̣Ϊ̫˲˵ıԴǽĺ
˵̫ͺһӣϵ̫ˡ
˶ʱеãѹ
ã̫İţĴ
˾úܺãڷ֮رô꣬Ȳȥˣ¶Ȱɡ
һܸԼĿǰ㯺ѹҵһİ취
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ĵ̹ţȻ£Ĺ콵¶ӿ
ǿκһδش¼Ĺأ޾۽ţǧɾ̨ס
µĸ¶Ļƣ飬̹Ѫ飬Ȼеһѹ׽ĸо
Ǻǻ֣̿ΪΣ
ΪβԾأ
ΪҲˮΪˣ
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̹һȻޡ
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ÿһɽ壬̹ܶŵһǡ
ÿһǳ̹ŵһ˿ʶ
ÿһƣХķ磬̹ŵС
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˵Ǵʹ˵Ľ˳ɵԴ͵κεĳޡ
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Լ˼ҹ磬㷱ٵĳԼǰԼʲôźġ
һ˸˴ϣ̹Ųĸһ½µĴأƺڸԼ
ʱһأʼԴʼۡ
Ц˵̹ں޵С
綼Ѫ˵úĵΰԼһ
ŴϢƣصʱһѪ
˴˵سһ춴أ֡
Χǧ۵Ĳʺ磬һɲ۹⡣
֪ĻΪ鱦ֻʥϵĲŷ֣ⲻ鱦һֺĵġࡱĸо
ڴܷ׷׸
̫ˣȥϺģȻҶˣĶһ
̹ŷһء
̹ڷĸغ󣬼վĿĿźĵĴأգһС
һ˫۾˺ܽŵĺ
ãĲᣬô״ĲãΪΣ
ֱһ˫Ŀ䴩ڤͣһºɨڤ
ڤһ
йĻ֡еİ䲻¡ţͷ棬ĻܹסСȫؽȰĸ⡣
ʧˣˡ
̹ŵĿڤʧֿ⡣
ɽдССٸԪ޽ɿٵС硣
ʥˣûط˼ȻһĿɨǵ磬Լǡ
ǸܵһִȰһֳĴȰ
˲仳ˣǶģ˭ָܸĸоȰĿ⡣
УԴͷĴڣҪȥ
ˡ
̹Ŀ󣬿жĻԪ޽ɣˡ
̹ɨһȦ
һ̫ѣáоá
˵ֶ̫֣лѵػûʸлҴǰ̹ţлһ°ɡ
̫һЦ
˵˲ÿҿʼػģȷΪ̹ŵѵУ
̫һЦԸģҲϲġ

˵ˣ̹Цˡ
ظˣȷļңû˲ϲġ̹ο
̹񣬽ԼĻʵ
ָ̹ƽʱ̣Χͳ磬ɢȥ
һߵأͳɢȥһ춴ء
谭飬ɢȥ󣬿
ޣһңˣһãΡ󺺡
һͷİ׻һƬ̵
߿ȥ򵥣߶ɢһֳĸо

Ǻηǰ
񿥵
ףŨͱԴȻݻһ춴أǹ񹤵
𡪡
һڰýȸ飬֪ͷ㣬ѱİ׻ǵˣһŭ𻢴ӷ磬ֻ쫷ã
ղŻͷһ飬ʱһ쫷ϯҲˡ
ڰ׻ûɱ⣬ֻǰŪˡ
ŲҽУһﲻԵСˡ
׻޷ģ̫
ǣ𣡡׻ͷ
ʱ
̫ԶЦѣˣ
̹˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻĵĸֶˡ


1083 ת䣡

Ű˴ӣԼ塢ߡȸ
ϵ׽ԤʾŶԻĳ̶ȣȫɻĿ̫ǸǸеϤУ޵Ĵ󺺡
ΨͰ˴ûⷽĹ˼ɣ˲ǰվ̫ߡ
ѣ̹΢Ц
û׾档̫̹ŵ
˵ּ꣬˱˸ĵӣʯ˿顢ľãԪӺŮ洡
ֱ̫̹Žһ¡
һĻʮֵɻ
ȴֻѹסĵãǣüˣҪѹƲסĸо
ΪôϤѵǣ
ѣ̫Ѷἰ̹ſĶ
ллѡʮֵԺʮֵк˵ǲ̹Ŵ̫ؼȴǲſʡ
ȰݼǰԪʯȵӣҲ׷װݼ
ͬҲѹסеļܸоǰ򵥣ɾǲ˵ڡ
ô˼ͽѶЦڳ̹ŵͷĿ̫İ˴ӡ
Ǻǣ⼸ͽͺοˡ̫Ц
̫һô͡ӡ
Ԫӵ˸϶ˣʦûô˵ԼˣǰλǰȻ򵥡
ѣڸһЩ󱲡̫ƺǹ˵ȴĻ𼱻ǵģǲż
Цôչʾó̹ŵΰ󣬲ôǣ̫оԲ̹š
ҲҪȡ
壬ۿ̫һ롢˺ͳءǹ
̫һ֣һＤʥȫٻ˹
塢ۿ̫һ˹
£̫ǽй󣬶˵
ʱһȫˡ
ң𰸺֮ˡ
ͨһʥ˼Ĺˡ
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̹֮бʾĻ˿ʼģ˿ʼڴˡ


1084 ϵͳΣ

ǰɽʢ磬ָʱ޿̶׳ŵ˵ĿǰĺΨһ޾ʱգûһġ
ȸĶ
ǿ磬кǻţͬʱеΡ
̫ûƭԼĹȻǿģȻΨһġ
˵ŸŸ磬㲻Ψһ
ԼԼļң˸û̫ػߣ˸е磬ûһܺͺıȽϡ
е;ưܣеĺеĿʼ˻ķʡ
Сȸ˵Ψһûκη
Ϊȷ˰
ֽԼͲҿڷ
ﰲңΪһҲĪĳ뷨
Լļ԰˵
ΪԼںȡԼļ԰ģڵʮپˡ
ԼڵĴۻֵãԼɾ˵֮Σ´ԼҲˡ
֮ǡϳ˼԰ȥ˷֮ء
һȥǡţˣнǧ˰ɣඡ
˷ٵĺģԼ֮ǰҪǺ̫һػǲԼ磬Ҳǿʢ
ϧزȥˡ
СһĵȷΨһĳƺ˸Ȳ˵ģȲ˰̾
˸˸ȸȻˣǰҵ˼Ǻĺ޾С磬ԼıȽϣôа˸ף
Цˡ
оɣԼ̫Ȼַ֮᲻ɡ
磬ټķ֮ʮˣտᡣ
ղţ·һӣһлء
Աȿķ֮أôֻʮˣ
ղǸУһҪȥ峤˵ȫ˵ϣһҪͷء
Աȷ֮ջججûĿꣿ
ټķ֮أûһеþʡ
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뻹ǡ
С粻ΨһġΨһĻоŸǴ˵رƺھŻ磬Ե߻硣
ʲôȸһȡ
羹ȻоŸ
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ԣ̹Ÿأ̹ŸҲǱġ
ǰǰԼ̹Ÿȸʵ
ǺǣһǵƺΪͽռĵطһͽ
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ǰǰǰɱСе
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ԭǷϵͳϵʱԲ̣̫ˡ
̫̫绹һȻԼϵͳָɻأ
һȻͷˣѸٴһС
Щָ̫޼ʱģ̫ɵӳһ£Ҳ޼ԲֶΡ
˵ֵ֮εĴڣ޼ԲģֻҪϸҲֶܷߡ
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̫ĺûˣԭֶ̫Σֲô档
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㣬㾹Ȼϵͳ㡭
ңǱƵģҲ봩Խҡ
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һк˻֣ʾɱ𼤶һϵͳҪҶִ
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ѵǻħ񣿶ˣ˻лħأ
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ǰǰʲôϵͳʲôǽָΪػ˺ô꣬Ȼ֪
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̫ѵֱʣ棬е뷨ˡ
ȸһ㶣Ĳֲ֣֪Ȼܴ˴硣
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ǰģǸںϵˡοǵĲ֣˵ġȸ֤
ţͺáȥɽ֮ȥ硭
ָȸ
ǣ



1085 ô죿
ΪβǻȥǶȥ
ɽɽۣʧĿ̹š
˵شɽȴ̹Źڴ˲ƺΪɽ
˵ҲߣҲ̹ŵĵɾһɽ
˵ˣĶһȥɽţ뻹ˣﶼһⲼɽͲ
̹Ű˰ֹ֣
˵ؼҡ͸̫ˣʤ
壬סȵȴ
̹ſóеģеȴǿǿ
˵Ҳǣ̹ŸʱǼģڴġ
侲չʾ̫е㡰󣬴˲䡣
ƺǸ͵һκϽȥ
ԣΪ׵ļ˲ˡ
̫İҲ͹ĸжԣѵľѡ˾Ĭ
װûҲװû֣һͷԼֵɵӡ
Ǵǻֻۣ׵Ķ֪࣬Щ鲻ܲ롣
УϾ޾µĴ̹ĸŻȥˣ治ð̹ŵݡ
˭Լͷ϶һʵȨϴȺһֱֵĹԷչо޴Ӱ졣
ȻҪĻΪ̫̹ŵ
Ψ壬ȻҲȻøؼҡ
ǾãȫͨԼĵڣڸ͵ìܣ֪ΣΪ̹ŵϵǱ޶
̹ľܾ֮˿
˵ʵĻصѪ壿һǸ͵ìܣһİӣΪѣѡ
ǿع飬Ͼľ¸Ļع󣬺͵ĲԸ
ܡ
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ֻܸ̾ʱɿ˺ˣΪ˺̫Ĳֻ֣סˡ
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ȣĺܴôĴҲ֮һһ˿Ͳ͹ϵѡ˾Ĭӣܴ
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屾ûԼѪԵϵȴǸԼĵ崴ġ
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Ҳףǰһ˿Լ¶̫Աȵ
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սУȥף̹ŸˣĺӣӦн
ڵ˵ʮȫۡ
ڻԴһθֵܵԴȻ㹻ȥ̫ġڣ̹ûǵԴ㣬Ǹֵܡ
˸һǸһһѰ찡
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ùϰΪԼĵϵȻһе㡭
ðɣԼȻһʱȻȲ̫ѵ
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һ˼̹żھᣬúӣĪҪȰˣΪﶼһǻȥɣתΪҵѪǿת޴˵Ǻôȥɡ
Ϊѡ
񣬺ǿԻȥźĶûУҪܾǸŵֱӹؿ
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ȴû뿪ǹĸ̹ųһĻ̹ſɻ
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񣬺͵𡭡񣡡صе̿֡
ܶˣ˵Լ⣬ѡɵӣԼܵɵӡ
ԼܿŸ͵ΪС
̹ɫһ̣ƺΪѵӣĸˣĵѵģҲ
ӣʵΪ˵̫ѶôԺô̹µʡ
һĽţ˵ߣ
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ģ̹Ŵϵʡ
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ͬʱеҪƺʬɽѪ飬Ϊ͵Ĵս
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ãðȻǸúӡ
Ϊǿ籩Ĵû뵽ԵѹֺǸ̹ųĴЦ
еˡ
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ӣû̫Ϊ˿̶˵ǻʱľʱʶ̫ѵ棡֪̫ܲԼֵܵĹϵעֵܹϵ
ʲôһȣ͵ȻֵܣҲǡ
Լ֪ؼܡ
ûǵȷֵܹϵӦе˽ɣ
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ţ֪ͺã֮㵣ĵĲᷢġ˵ҲΪ̫ѵİĪҪΪǰǿ󣬿ǰչ֧µĿ֮ʹڵΪĴڣǰ޷ʹµĵѡ
Ŀǰ̫ѣ˫ͬޣΪǵ֮Ĳ㣬ϣʶĴڣΪȻǵ֮ΣֻǴһµĵ֮ζ㣬˵ĻΪʸ̫ԣܵģԣ³Ϊ𣬱˵Ϊɵ𣿡

Ѿ𺳵˵ˣܸ͵˵ǲ֪ġ
Լ˵ˣ̹¶ԼС
ôǰ¶ĵжԡ
ûΪ̫µһĿǿ󣬿δΣܶ࣬ǿΣΪǰĵطкܶǿķӣǶǵļһֱڿӡ
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1086 
磬Ǹô죿
ʥ½ĵʵڣһ߲ۡ
ѹֵĳʮֵܣҵĶ̫һϲѹ֣Ըλϵĵۿʵ
ţ͵𣿡ۿһس
ûô죬ֻ֨֨صĲ֪˵ɶá
벻ͨۿ
͸εôΪһᣬⲻ
磬Ƕ벻ͨʵˡ㿴ɵС˵ĺãѾȻҪѱˡ̫һ
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˵˵˵ɡޱûãֻܰƤƸ˰
󲻾ǰսҵԲ֤죬ɾһʥ
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ͬĶ֣ҪӻҪ𾴣𾴶־Լ
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ԣĸ߲ͬĻ
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ǲ֪ôߵǸɵñᱳ

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ֲ֮ǰ͸оԾҵ˴𰸣ԭ̫̹ϲµĺ֡
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ţͺãƶλ̫ʵһЩѺƵֻվӣͲˡϺ˵ĻЦ
İɣҺ̹棬ǻҺġֵ֡⧲Ҳʧ⧲ǿп޵СѣͲʲô¼̫Ϊ˵
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Զһۡ
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1087 ɻ쳾
ļˣߣ
֮أվڵʮĵԶͿһĳ档
ǵ꣬ɻʱҲǷ֮صһ澰
ϡȱŮ˵һ漣
˵⣬ʮɻĿǰΨŮ
վšɻգӺݻ󣬲ɷ
кöڷ֮صµҡҷǼĵǣٰ׷
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õ֮εڻڣĸһ֣ĸߵĴڡ
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˵ʹʲô𣬶ǲһġ
֪˻ôʣֻЩףʹ
Ϊε֮Խߵĸ֣־͵Խǿڷ֮Ҳļ

εȷ𣬳Ƿ֮ʧ
ǵȴˣмصķ֮йʮλΪֻʣʮˣ
ԭ޾µʴķ򣬵ıնķ֮ظˡ
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質ķӣǱƺΪʮĺ쳾
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ˣغھŻܣʦҪûʱ質ҡݳֱӴֱ˵
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ڵھŻ̫


1088 Ե
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µţ˼ĵ˵ͷ
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µߺͽ°Եһ˳˼
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Ҳ˵٣Ƕ̹һξޱ䣬ơؾɡһɡ
ĳ׳ɾʹʱħһ
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ΪҪӭһµĴʱǴǰǸʱĴ
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˵³ɵȴϳôͻᱻƣһνѡ
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νϴ棬̫Եò⣬Ϊ治ҪҪʱĿѡ
Щɸѡֻ˳ġ
̫ü˵ģῪʼ⧲Ҳʧ⧲
һѡֱӸȥֻأȻˡ
঵ĺܽţ̫̹˵ȴ׾١

ˣһǿʵ
ȻȲϼǾʵ޾޲ࡣ
ǿħˡʿˣ˵
һɵͳ棬ļ͡
˵ûʥˣǵ׼ʥǧ
Ǹܿµ֣ԼĽͣǧԵʣǧ׼ʥ
ǧǺǸĳ˵壬ȴ˻֡
̫嫣ÿ鶼е̨ʱ̡
ָ߹ʱ̣֮Ӻʹֵģ˵һЩе
ҪΪЩûе̨ͺԱ̨ŪһʱĴ˵ǵȷ
Ҫóϸ
־͹ֺ̫嫣̨̫֮࣬Ļᡣ
ǵĻˡ
ϸ˵һĿǰķ෴
˵ĺ飬ɵ飬ʥ飬֮ǵ飬̰塣
ǲǺϤ
ûǾ˵֮ǰӡ
屾һع󣬼֮ĵ׳ʥڸһ¶ȵ顣
ȴǼ֣Ϊ顢̰Ͻһ֮˵ӡ
Ĺ顢ηᣬ͵ʱʥǸ߸ϣ˲ϲӡ
ҪĴʲô
ǧעص̬һһģ̳ĹŰؾɡ
飬ģнƸ߸ģ̽ǧģк쳾ŵģйŵȳǧ˰̬
Щˣ
˵
֮˾
ǲԼŰ壬綼ҪΪǾãǵ
ͬıˣȴãͬȫɱ
ıǲܸıģ޾̵ֵģһҪ仯ܱ仯ģ
ҪǶܱ˵ĵģǾûǧ˰̬Ըˡ

գǸѳˣ
ֻλһϵ̰˵˵
ƹܡ
˵̨꣬¾Ȼûһ˿ľȺɻ
Ͼѳ˲ȥҪһ
ǣǾôġ
ĵı仯ԽԽ˶ֹ̬Ű岻֪ͨȴҲԼһԽԽѺˡ
ô죿
ΪˡԸѳ
һֲòᣬЩ˵Ķǲˡ
ȴΪԼĲˡ
̫̹ţʾǽּҪ仯Ҫ򷨺ģǲͬġ
ǵһˣƹܵʱʶʥ˵̰壬ĵΪĹ顣
Ǳ仯ǲӦġ
ѾЭ̫ˣʼʥԴ⣬Ҷ
ʥ˽ĸı䣬б仯ǵһθı䡣
ٺԽԽ٣绮֣˵֣ǷֻҪıһ£ڶЭ仯
ٺС֣Ķ˸ĵʥһıһع˱仯εĵñ仯
ûãħٵɢȺΪ˻ȥţ˿̻ˣ˺˶˸仯һ˥μЭ
֮ЭЭġڡ
ЩѾıĵѣˣĿǰµǼģǺüЭҲû׸ıġ
ڣЭˣÿһЭĴǵĵһ覴ãڵǼ覴մ
˻ҪǸı䣬û·ˡ
ڹʧֻѳģԼĵ
ǵĵҲһֱ٣ӵһЭ˸ı˼֣ӵµ·ڶЭһѡն飬ӵµ·
һδκֻЩ̣ҪӵʱҲˣеĻ·ûˡ
ˣѳ˵ˡ
ѳ˵һѡȥɽ
Ǽ٣̹ź̫жԴӶӳʱ档
Ҳ˵Ҫϴˡ
̽ʥˣ˵ʥǻع飬նɱЩˣǶʧˡ
û·ˣֻȥһѡ
˵ܻɳҲûб¡
Ǿͷܶɡ



1089 ⧲Ľ
ޱߣǧ
˴νҪǴһʱΨ߷δ
˴ν󣬽һʱĿ
Ϻ
̫йµĽһ˵
Чһ㣬̫˴νǴɵʥ˶Уûй̶ĲκרŲһεĵ
̫˵⣬ȥһɽ
̫˵Ϊѣ˵ĥ
ΪΪ˵ɶ
˵ͨƪˣ̫ÿֶеϣһǶˡ
Ҫ̫ʥػǣһֺǵĵ壬ܽһɳΪԲУ
̫ˣͽһ̶СԪУԪСĿҪ̫ʥػܴ˴ν󣬲һΪһԲС
˵ô
һֶҪ̫ѹӡԪУǼʮ
Ҫͨƪֱ
ˣ̫㶮ɾ͸ӡһ֣ȥĸ
ɸӡ֣ȥ
ɸӡ֣ȥ
ʥˣӡʮ֣ȥ
һƪ֣äأʶʮ֡
⻹Ҫӡʶʮ֡
äû˼ġ
Ȼ̫۵ãʲôζջܴ󣬿ǵⶫ̫ʾˡ
ԣ̫Ľ󣬿ʼ˵εҪĿģҪĿǶ˵Ҫ١
⣬̫Ŀǰ֮ˡ
ִһûУһûУ̫⡣
Щѡ˲ҪҲ뿴̹Ŷ̫ĵط
Աϣ
ΨȰл
¡
ʱ̫տڲһĻţڿʼˡ
ʵǺܻŵģΪһû͸¶Σհ
ԣܶжĵĿʼһĹƻ
Ȼ̫һǼˣġ
ɣα𽲵˵ߵһߵġΪǡ
䡪
̫һ˵ʱը˹
˵̫ǰòҪңҲҪֳ
ǣ̫˵꣬Ȼ˺ңʵ̫Ļ쾪
ʲôһߣΪǣⲻڷ̹Ŵֻһ𣬱
ǹȻƣǻ̿ˡ
Ȼ

ҡ
ֻ̫˵꣬һµ˺Ȼվ˳
ҪǴǰԵڴ˻ɻµѲ˵Ķȥ뿴̹Ŵж
ôˣ
һ
ͨһµ˺һµҲ
һĻɵ˺ܶˣȴ̫ޱȵο
µ̫治ʶµ̫еӡ
޾ǰԼԼʱ򣬺һˮĵ˴սɰˣòǻĹʱļˡ
Ϊ̫ɫĵ
˴˿ģһۺµ
ƺ˷ƮҡȷѪ꣬ԶܵĶͣ˵⣬ɶ˵֮뿴ػһĺģ̹ŴĵжԶƮҡ˿̵ĺĺ˰ɣ뿴ֵܻ顭
ţ̫һߣʵɰɣǵãĹʱǵһԼ̨ģΪѰ
лǵǿջ޾µɰֵ
λµѻˣֻǴԶӻĹʶ̫ĵĽѣ̫ˣĵѶˡҲػ׳󡭡µһ뿴̹ŴĶһ
˵ı̬ıжĶܻţ֪ôжϡ
Ǳ˵ĿͷǾ군ˡ
ڣ̫ܲǡ˳⡱
ãȻˣȫǣ
̫֡ŭˡ
ʱرɫɵˡ
Ȼ̫һ֣ºɳûдڹһֱȰġˡ̫Ĩɱˡ
ȻǼٵģϷѣֻʱ̫
ΪչʾԼĺ̹ŵжˡ
⣿
ô
ҡ
һĻɵ˺ܶˣǾȻвģȻŵĽվ˳
־ٶ̫ǲпļĨɱĺο
ķҪģɷϣҲаԼĵѡػĵҳʿ
޾˵ֳ̫̹ŵжԵʱ򣬾޾ˣΪޱȵֿֿģ
˭̫ʵ
ѹֵĳ棬ǣŭһ
նɱˡֱɵĺλˡ
һЩţȴЦˡ
Ǹػ޾£˭ܱȵķס
ã̫ȵ
˭ķףοġ
ãֵ̫
ԸΪеķУնɱκζƵĴڡ
ܺã̫Ц
Ψܡ
ܺã̫

ת䣡
ȴ˵̫ͬʱѸģҲͬʱ̹һ
ͬľ档
һЩˣٲ֣Ĵ
һɫϵ
̹Ŵޱ˺ġػģú׳˵ǵûȨ˵Ĺ£͵ĶȴΣһ뿴֧ĺģ
һ̹Ѫĺ᣺
̹Ÿˣܺ͵ģܵС˵Ĺƻٵ磬ѵĿŵk飬ûŻŻȥһܻѡ

һҵ־ʿ
ޣ壬ҴǰǵԸ񣬹ǻᱻģɣ󿴿ΰĺģ֧飬壬Ҫģޣ
ô죿
ԼȻлϲȷ뿴飬ԽԽá
չڸǰӦҲܽɣٵĺػġ
֪ûġѡĵѴ˴ιԼһҪύһ¡

ˣ
Ȼȫǡ
̹šŭˡ
ŭġնɱˡгֹ顣
Ȼڲڷŭɫ£ϲ
̫ⳡϷˣҳʿӦҪ˰ɣ
󣬾ˡ
˵ʵ֧䡱飬̹е㲻ϰߡ
ڣ
ҳʿǱնɱţˡ
ϲ񣬺ٵģӦõõ𾴺ҫԸΪкᵶ
ã̹Ц
̹Ŵڵ̫ˣӦе̬ȣڴˣӦĴ£ǵĽ˵߶
ܺá̹ŵ
̹Ÿ𾴵𣬵ҲɷϣʱʧƫģܶûܵͷıҫΪ
ܺã̹ϲЦտ
̹ŴĹʱĿʱӦĴ¡
ܺá̹ż

һɣ˵Դǡ
ĳֱطһǲɽһϺ
̫̹żͬĴЦͬ
ֱû˱ʾġ
ֻϺ̫Ͳɽ̹ţȻͬվ
ֻͬһ֡

һ飬澹Ȼںˡ
ȦһɲȻ֣Լô˺öˣ
ףԣ͵̹ţһ˭
˭ô񣬾Һ̹ţһ
͵һ˲ˣʲô
̫̹ŵͷʾֻ̫վ˳
̹ŵһ䣬ġҳʿ𣿡
𣿡
һ
ֻҪûʧǵƺˡ
ٿزȴЦ壬ƺʵ԰
ǡ
ղʾĵȰ֮ˣˢһƿԡ
ˣǱƵģǴ˿뵽ġ
ߣ
ŭ̹һߣ̹ŵˡ
ղŶ̫ȰɵģͶȰɵģһҽб̹ŵѹ
ʼ⧲Ȼʱһ⧲

ûУǽʱĿոտʼѡ


1090 
ʱ
̹ߵġҳʿ׶༪ˡ
ڳˣ̹Ŵ̫ǳֵһɲԤʾŴǰĵжǼٵġ
ֲ壬룬Լ߻ħûг֣ǲǴˣЩ˵ҸˣǹϵĴˡ
ʲô̹Ŵжԣƭ˵ģΪľһЩ֮ˡ
޸޵𡣡ϷĹݣϲдˮӣ˸дܶࡣ
ߵݵߵ̹Ŵ񡭡
ҴޱȵңԼһѡ
Ȼֻ̫̹һ֣ǰնɱʿȫˡ
ĸҵˣȰ̫µˣԼɰ˵ȡ
Ǿ˸ΣΪԼˣ͵һ䣬ƺ̹Ŵ͵ûɱԼֻǰԼʱѹˡ
ʱ̹ſʼˡ
վ˳Ҫ˵Щܣ̫Ȱһ̹ŵĻشȷ
̫Ȱǣ̹ŵˣֻҪػʲôҪʲôͿɣ뷨
̹ŵһģһվΪΪ˱Ĳ²ΪվƹһУοΪǽԵѣѵѹΪ
Ȼ̹˵ˣ̫Ҳû
̹˵ĶԣվҪվԵͳģһĿкܶߵֻһ
һŽϵĺģȫԸǰΪĹǵϺȡ
Ȼˣ̹˵ɣԼӡ
̹ţ
ȿˣûûк̫ѵжԣĿģΪҳػĵ޳֮ͽߣ̫ѵжԣЩ˺ΣκΪԼ˽ģʹģҲܷŭҲֿĵĺһ㱾ʮֵοǶǺúӦõõ̹ϲĿűųԼ̫ų顣
¡ҵˡɰȺȻˡ
һ޷˵ĸܣԭǰһжǵ͸Ĳ֣Ǻ°һнˡ
ֵֻ̹һֻ̫ѣҪԻΪ̫ѶԶѵ汾ôع𣿡
̹Դ𣬿ų𺳵Ĳûܹ̫֮ȵԵʣҲ˵û̫ѵȣ˿бһ
ˮʯˣҲ׷һС
̹Ŵ̬ⷬʾ˽ĵߡ
˵ΪױȣԼ̫ȵġ
⣬Ҳ֮ǰνĵжԣֻһƺϴ
ϴĿ죬ûйѪ
̹˵ˣһף̫վβ
̹ŵǫˡԽԽ󣬱ʲá⣬ϴ˳̹ŵǣҪ٣ǽı仯Ⱥ飬Ҫ׼£ɽΪɽ磬Ϊ·磬ͬڤҲˣ޵У컻أҪĸıı䣬ȵı仯Ǵ߶תҪǰᡭ
̫չһ¡
˹ĵжԣֻ˳
תּΪǰһ顣
ĪҪ֣͸ϷŪǵĸо
Ȼָо̫̹ŵ󣬱Ȼô롣
룬̫ǳһ£ǰ
ⰲǸˣϾΣ
Ȼ
ʢ᲻ú󴫱ġ
ε¼ʮֺЦһĻ
¼ܣǴ֪Բġ
һβͬ
ڲǰ̹ź̫Ⱥ󡰵жԡĲ
塢ţ塢塢ȴ˾ǻŵױ
ΪǸо̹ź̫ĵжƮҡ
úܳףһΣٵӡ
룬Ѿ׼ýпĶˣɵȰȣƺûʲôңҲûʲô䶯
ڻڵĴеȦ浽ôˣ
ôûϢҪҪ󷨳ȥο
ˡۿȶҶġ
Ϊ˶ܻң൱ףػӢȫټˡ
Ϊľ˭ҲϵԼʲôϢ֪͵Ǵǵģǿ
ɺϵ֡
ȸϵ´ǣΣҪǵ
浽ʱ̣ʾ͸ĴսҪĵʱˡʱ򣬱ҲûˣҪΣ
Ĵֶʱɵˡ
ŷΣϵΪѡ
ԼϢǡ͸ϰжǼٵġ
ǣԼȺˣôˣҪҪ
峤ǻΪΣ˰ɣ
Ҫ峤ǳǼٵģԼСܱס
Ͼ򣬻ڵǣеֱֶΣ
Щֶһʹ޷Ҳ˵Ҫ˷ˡ
򵥣ȺĻ۵ԴԻΪ׼ʧɡ
Щ紥ɵˣҪô죿
ˣȺԴʧء
أΪû©رˣԼôѻڵǣ
Ĵһŭ
ǴԼܶеһʧֶȫʩչ⡣
УǻᶯԴĩȻȴ֣ûбԴװ˷ˣҾˡ
ǲǻ᲻֪緢ʲôıչأô죿
˼롭
УȥҸߵɣֻλǰܻѡǡ
Щ۲֣뵽취
ʼǰɽλ
ҲлģһеҲ֮ǰѡΣ
֣ڵ֪̫̹ŵжǼٵĺ
һ飬ڵľĻˡ
û뵽ôʱ䣬ĩѾ
̹Ŵ͵ĴսȻҡ
ڹһĻУ죬һԣ
ǣȻⲻҪģĺչҪˣĴսҪӵĴҪˡ峤еֶΣػΪȥսɣ
һҼĵԡ
ڵľ壬ΪͻΣеֶΣ͵Ȼ򿪣ѸټΣС
Ȼ
峤̹Ŵ͵ĵжǼٵģû£ǰȫˣİȫˡ
ľ֣ϲĵ
ǸоԣΪζһȦ״̬
ӣ
뵽ˣϵ֣Ȼо
˵ʲôɱ߳峤ʵ
ңң˵֮ǰĵжǼٵģǣǡ˻ˡ
峤Ȼ˿ǿ˿ɱﵺֶεǣļ÷֣ûжְ
ףԣⲻ˵Ⱥɱﵶ׷ѿˣʧ٣
ۡ峤Ȼоͷ
㣬㣬

峤ˡ
ĿҪεϵ֣룬ƺԼ˸Ӳġ
ǰণΪ˳ױԼϵϢҲԼ
˼ҴҲģԼûġ
Ҫֵֻ֣ܹ͸ǸôŪˣ

Ϣ˲䴫ˡ
ױ֣Ȼ֪ʧһţҿԼû
ô׵ܶ࣬ô׵Ҳкܶࡣ
ûôףȻ˺紫ѶͨǵûжʧϵѸٵĳȥ˻
Щûô׵ǿпޣ̫Լ̹ŹϵңԶ
壬壬ģǶǳ׵ĸ
Ϊ̫ϵ̫󣬺͹ϵ̹Ҳ̫
ǲҸԼκһ˿֣Ҫǵ͸սĺܼңԼûг׵ĸ磬ڿӸ͵սС
ƺ͵ô룿
̫̹Żô룺Ҫǳ׸֪ҲͰˣǵ˭ҲǸµ
Ȼûг׸ϢȻǴսǲСаǲǱģ
Ǵ׸ء
غȺһⶼеġ
ԣܳףĴ֣Σϵסе⡣
˾⣬˾飬úһɫ˲ɽ
ҵ¡ƭˣһŲæ̹ź̫
ȵһ
̫̹ź󣬹ȵʣ£
̹ţЩǺ֣鲻֪Һ̫ѣҲôǳΪĵжԣ
֣ҵȲңҵ
̫̫ñʧˣ㿴壬壬ţߡħ塢롭㿴ǣǺĴȻΪ̹ŵѻĵжԣñʧ
ָˣ𡢸Ǵˡ
̹ţǲǴˣǴסҺ̫Ϊһʹֵˣ޴
֣o(ini)o
̫ˣ̹ŵ֪ˣȻᴫǣǸϽһû۹⣬ͷڹ굹ѧĺһû£ΣȻǣ
֣(;_)
ڣ̫̹һѺ󣬻ǣᴫǵͷڹˡ
˵ǻȥɣǻصȺʱǵ峤Ѿˡ
ˣЩŴ˿
Щȥ󡭡
̫˿̹ţ
̹εĵȿȣڵе󣬺ﺢǣŵõͷڹˣ
̫ҲеΣǸûµģǿЦѣǲģȿȡ
̹ţǼǼ
̫ţ
޳Բˡ


1091 
廤󣬵ش˵ĵأͬҲĹء
ڣһڸ߲;Ӣȫڴˡ
ǰõķণϵĳ׸Ҫӱܵķʽ㿪̫ĵжԡ
ûӭսĵжԣûǸ
ȥǿĴһ̹ź̫ĶսҲڻҵ
׵ĸ
죡
ಡһޱεĻ󣬾Ȼһһɹ
ҵǻһǰ
һڸ߲˿̺Ȧ
ôĳ˵ǸѵǸߵ
ȻҪӱҲ
󣬴󣬴硣ĵʾ쿴ʲôϢ
ΣϢǵٻǸٻվ㲻Ҳա
еĸоҰĻڸ߲һĻš
ָ⣬ļã⻯һ档
кȻ̫ӡ
֪ǵټˡ
룺ѵôǿƵĵϧٻ
ٴһˣûдսߣ
ûˣ
ûˡ
һ仰󣬾ʧˡ
ûдսʲô˼磿ãʵ
Ҳ̫һԻĺܡ
ûʲôٻҲûбǾ񣬾ȻеɸֵĽǳȥ˵ûдս
ⲻܰϵ
ô죿ûŰһʱò⡣
磬ٻˣô죬ȥɡ
ţĵ˵ͷ
һã̫صˣ˵һ仰ûˣ
˻
ǳʱ˿
սûӵҿԼˡ
峤ڳˡֵ˼ĵ
㣬˵˵ô£ΪΡ
峤ϸϸ˵
һ˸ˣǸ
͸ûʲôìܣֻϷһϣΪϴһϲ档
Լȴζ˶ˣ׵ĸ˶֪ˣԼȴڹ
ĹС
ȿȣҾ˵͸εΰôΪһ͵жԣǣǺͿεĵ
ϽعأǵָϽظصĵطĪҪֳЦ뵽
֮ܶΣγԿˣ϶Ϸˣһ顣
Ұο磬ûзֵףز𣿡
ȿȣΪ𣿡Ц
磬ʲô˼һţѵǣ
ȿȣûǸ˼ᣡ˵ĺܶԣûзǣǵĿҪˡ
ν⣿磿һ߲Ҳɻ
ҵ˼ǣǰֻеһˣûܺ͵ڸˣλǲ𰡣һβ֣㿴Щȫȫˣȿȣҵ˼ǣ󣬿λ˵ķʽУԣǵӽ󲻺ùĵС
⣬ⲻɣ
峤ģ˵ˣԵΪ𣿡
峤ˡ
λλУѰİɣ
˻ɵ
һ̾ɡ
֮о򵥡
λеĴڣλĲǶЩ˵ǲù
һֻһѡоѡ
ȥһѡ񣬿ǲá
ǰ۹ݵˣκ鶼Ҫ˼ˡ
Ӷùඣ
˭ұ֤λֺ̽ܺã󲻻ٴγһ£
̾Ϣջ񡭡ţǵĻܺá
һ壺
⡭
壬壬壬ȵȡ
ͬ˸еЩСָڳЦԼ
ңĲ࣬н顰֡ǵĺҪͷˡ
⣬Ϣ⣬ϢϵĴ
ɽ
̫˶λʦ˵һ£͸ϳͷ档
źô˵˵ûг׵ֻǺٲ˱͸ɱˣ
ǵĴʦ˵ؾֻȥٲ֣Ȼа˳ɵûȥλĵ̫һش
˵ӻ˻֣õˡ
ֻʣֵܣ
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ó̫ʱ׽ı仯ɺ׳й̵ģʱȷҪʥˣҲȷҪߡ
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￴óΪؾûˣΪǡˡ壬Ǹ̰
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²˳٣߱飬ȥɽ͸ڣȥԪʼ
Ǻǣ磬ףΪεû뿪ɽϺˣ˵λǲڵ˳СһԵԵǲ˵ȫ˵˵ԲԣͨȻʵ
ţܴ͸ɱ֮ûֿؾڵվ˵ǻԵԵ͵𲻻˵ƣ˵ƫģڵԼסӺͬ
ߣĪҪø͵õȣҲҪ׵ĻᡣԪʼߴٵ
ֵ·ˣ޾Ĺˡ
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ڣһˡ

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ң̫̹źף˵ؾʧΪûնݳ
ǸһһԵ
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1092 Σգµκ޹أ
μ𣬲μ񡣡
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꣬Ԫʼͨ쿴ӣ֯һԵ
𡢸Ϊؾνϲк֮£͵ҲΪ㿪һʱת䣬谭ǰⲻȻʷ⣬ҲǴǰҵʥ˵ĹϵֵЩһ
˵ˣΪԼ뵽ĸ͵ȻҲõԳԡ
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·Ѱһݡ桱Թ޻ڳŵϦĿ꣡


1093 һˣߣ
λǵĻˣǺģһԲߵ磬ǵȴʱ̫ˡ
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Ȼɾʥ֮𣬵죬һǰǰķݵ⡣
ǳɾʥ˺һкСԭ㣬ʱܷСˣԭʼȻų⡣
ѯʹܶˣܶߣǵò𰸣ΪĿǰķУֻһ˳ɾʥ˲Ρ
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κγɾͱʥ˺СԲʶָˣҲ˵Ӱתˡ
Լ粻ԵʣԼǰԺһԼΪٸߣ³ɾ޼𣬿綼Լų⡣
뵽һʬеʧ˭Լǰ粻أҪʱܷأԼܲ
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̫ϺѹϺĸΣա̫ǿˣû취
ˣ꿴ȥĶԱ˵̫ˡ
Щֻ֣ȥԶĵطȥϤĵطѼ롣


1094 ͣؾߣ
ѳˣ
ˣĿųĬˡ
֪޾ڰǺܾĿǰΪֹʮĸѵıǣ
ֵλûжնɱ˵λ˺ĵĹ޾ڰǣһһߵ
ǻûߵ·ǻ
˵꣬ľƺһҪֹͣĵģĲһ¡
ǻл𣿡һ׼ʥʡ
еģеġ»ʧأɵõ˺ô򣬾ҪѵĹǴǰӰֻǳѡ֮˲ֻ𣿡ʧȥԼʧΥҲΥ˺Ĺ򡣡
²Ǻö٣ΪܵˣҪס
Ķ֪棬ǳ޵Ķ⣬ǻǸôһ˻ֵ̿ʡ
汻ɵˡ
̫̹ϵĲɵˡ
˵ǰȥʱ򣬾֪Σա
ɱ̹ź̫ϷŪ뵽ΣպΣգǲܱȵġ
뵽ֻ뵽Ըֲ
еѣǵʱ̣еͬѣնɱҵһֵκˡ˵
ѹסֺ̿뵽Լ˵ĵˣ޷Ⱥߡ
ķߣû߸ǣҡҡ׹ȻǷܶҡġ
µľиϣԼһ˿ϣûˡ
ǳ˼ʱ̣
䡪
Ȼ
ֻһ޴ѹϮʥ˼ٵ
һ󾪻ţʼΪնɱǵʥˣǲ˿
֮ǰǵĻ֧ţǵֵľʥ˵
˵ʥ˱ˣնɱǵģʥˡ
Ҫʥ˶º֣Ǿ̫пˡ
Ȼǣ
˹ʥ˺˸λϣ¶˼Ŀǡ
֪˭һҪģȻѻȸĴУʹࡣ
ء
ʥˣȾǣȾǡ
Ǳ˵̣ɵѳ߸߲ǡ
Ҳû취ġͨһ̾
ʥˣʥܲǰʥˡ
ˣ֪˺αصΪβı䣬ԪʼǳµıҲڵá
⻰˵꣬ˡ
ˣɣ˾ΪǵġǲʱɡΪܽᡣ
һͬ飬һǲһȫ֡
ò˵УʱͰѾˡ

λûжնɱһ˵ʷ⣬ҲʥԵʣ־͹;ˣûнʱĲһģ˾ԭ򡣡
ص渵
ܾĻŵˣȻغܡ׽
ӵأǵİúܴ󣬿׼ʥǲˮӵİ취
лԵΣͬģһԵͬΣޣΣʵҲؼץץס
⻰˵Ĳࡣ
˵˲ͬЧһ
׵Ĳ󣬱˸ղŵǿ˺ֹٱ
Ǵ˿ٵģʵԶȲ˵ʱԵΣǰ˵ɱΣ뾭ѵĸսϣʱʱԵΣԶǴ˿̴󣬿˻˹Զʤ
ӴԱȣȻЧܺá
ǣսսħǴδսԶĻʳս޵ĴսֵĴսĴβǾ޴ΣǴβǱٵĸпᣬأǿ֮۵ĶǴΣ߳ġ˵ȵĿԣҲ޷ȴʧȥƴ־
Ӽ༦һһĹ༦
ѺҪ󲹵ѳˣЧʮֵ
˲ȱֶΣҲȱȱָɨ˼󣬶治ʧ
Ÿɫˣ֪ȼǵ
ʵǵĹ鵣ģҪмڴſɣɲΣգлԵģٽĴζˣֵڴɡ˵
ȥԣӺףϵ˵ġ
֮ǰٿǲ֪Ծ֣δ̫ԣؾǴµ谭
ӿɲô˵Ҫô˵ôģ
ңҲȫǺ˵ļٻ˵һʵ
һʵǣֻҪȹѣĻдԵ͹δ
ˣԼǵԼδܳΪԵôѡԼ񡣡
䡪
˱ˣôѡʥ߰
ʥˣģлʥָԽǵɽǣǽ֮ˣûʲôµġ
ʥˣģη壬ǲ½ѡ
ʥˡ
˷׷׵
ãĿãȻ˵˵ôԡͨվ˳
˵Ե޷ǷߣϸµѣȻռǽǣֻһˣҪ˶ܳɹǽȥܶΪѳֻкٺٵĶȹѣӴ˹ޣҪס
ҵףҵȲµ޲ߵľҧŭ
ţͨͷ
Ǿͺðˣȥͷ߲ԼδԼδ޷ٽ˵İ֮ǰĺܶ٣ֻܿԼʵǻۡϵԼδɱһ·Ǳ֤λûκεƫЩС֣
䱣֤̫ؼˡ
ǲλв
λвмֻ֣Ҫһ仰ʥλЧ͡
ںˣʥ˱֤ˣλвܲʣĻᡣ
ƴѣԼɲֻƴˣҲûʲôƴˣ
ֻ꣬ʱ䣬ޣϵˣ˵˵ı֤ȥɣΪԼˣ
Ԫʼվ
𡪡
ֱеǣûʲôʧȥˡ
ܶɡ桱
ƣһʱ䣬һսͻῪ
ûȥרѳˡ
úϢʬǸһϢҲ
̫磬
ԪŮ洣׼ͽȻһա
ϧϧԵε̨ˡԪź
ʦ֣ãεȷǱøá֮ǰʦˡŮеЦá
汻̫ˡ
֮ǰ̹šжԡĵľЩӣʱġ
̫̹ϳǵһʱޱȵļϲãȫؾĻԵ
ץסʱˡ

ƵĿܻǽ
̣
ʧеã֮ǰΪͻǰָ㣬ǰ棬ǴεĵõȻʧȥԵֲ𣿡
İա
˭ץסһԵҲһս
֮ǰջ̫󣬺֪˴٣ʥ˶磬ҪģԼ·ܡ
ΪԼҪţԪӺŮ洲˵ܳɣ
ڣҲץס˻ᡣ
ʦ֣еþʧĪҪѹѾõܶˡ׼ʥԲ׼
ţ˿ʦܡ
ʱʦܻοԼǱԼźⲻջ
ʦıˣúƶɮһأɲջ
ʦϣˡ
ʦ˵ʦˣһЦ
ħ
ôѣڤӵ
ʵȻĻԵûϵʥĻԵ
ʵǣԽԽʬԼʬܵõĻԵ
ͬħӪǣʬĿ࿴
̶̲ʱ䣬ɾʥ˵ʬȻĸ￴𣬵ڤӺʬǸȥɣǿǡ
ʬͻԵȲ˵ġڤƵĵ
廹ǻҵ˻ԵʬͻԵ
ΪߵȻĹҡ
עҪõλԵģĽûá
֪ⲻ˵ԲʵڤӲһ䣬ҵ˼ǣλԵôʬ
ʥʱû뵽ѿ뷨ڤҲĻ
ָú˵ú̸ģܡ
ڤӣϲ㣬ʱҪˣӦоˡΪţȻƽʡ
ðɣǾשˡڤʱɽˣ㯵ܶ࣬ô໴飬Ҫָһ£˳ش佨ǵĵϵǽ͵
ţ뷨ʥҲΪ˵ͷ
νħĴչ鲻Լĵϵ
ҪĵϵˣǴʼӦ㯵ʱ̣Ϊʥ˵˳ƶΪԼĵϵ
ʣôʬأ
ǺǣѾʼ𣿡ڤЦ
ЩʱϲܳΪϵɣ
ȷУ˿ְʬ̳ܲܵɵϵʬһ߳ȥˡڤӵ
˵Ĭû˵
ҲգɣȻʬһ߳ȥˣҲʼ׼ǵĵڶɡ
˶ݵɢˡ
Ӫۣĵ̨ǣġ


1095 뵽ͷȴĴս
СҪȥģһϵʵ
һֳֳķˣֻ˵գһսͷͨ
ֵǰֻһսɨ
Ŷ֪̫ƽҹĽҪս֪һսԤ⣿
ǰܲԸҪľһ̵ļž˵
Ҳã˿̵̨ҲϵЦƺǰˡ
˭
ߣҲ֤գȥֻ֮ǰŪ
ĵˣȻĴε
ǰһ˴ɽֹۣһһһߡ
Ϲۿ£һ˺֮ͨ
µ֣һħϡ
Ӳɽʶ̹źǰⰵһִ
ǹⰵⰵ̹ſɲֻءˣƺǰִȻ̹źܡ⡱
һ㱾Դִ뿪ɽûзӪӪ
ħһʼͷͨ̹ŶӰе
죬㯵ֳ컯ɽۣñ·ˡ
󣬺ɿߵһִħϡ
ǸȻֻߵִ
˵ֱ֮ͨɢ˹ⰵִš
Ͼ۷ʱ̵ĹⰵħҲ͵֮ѣǵ֮֡
˵ԵɺϣҲ˵ߵ˺죬ÿÿܷ׻õ˵İ
˭뵽ĴĲõȻһѡ
ԹɢȥߣΨһִҲԼִԼŵԡ
ŵһյݣԱʱ̵ŵԣҪһһֻرŪˡ
ŵԱҲѹסģϾΪǿ
ǰⰵִɢһչ˴˿Ψһġ뷨
ԻɢⰵԹȴðյѹˣẦ˴˿̵ߡ
⣬ⰵԹʧ߶ԹⰵĶεĽһ
ǰÿ֤ǿıԴֱ˻Ԫ޽Ĳ㣬ǻԪ޽۷塣
һ̣͹ⰵԴεںϺΪ;ֱߵ
˭뵽Ĳ㣬ΪֱӴﵽ۷Ϊ
Ҫ㵽߲Ĺؿܼ̣˵ܳɾͻԪ޽߲ˡ
ľ磬ĿǰֱӴﵽ˻Ԫ޽ɾŲ㡣
˵Ŀֲ˹ⰵıԴ
һĹⰵħǵ֮㡣
ڶ̹նɱָֱ̫նɱʱ̣޼㡣
Ͷ޼Σóںϵ߿ԽޱȵĴ
ʱ䣬޼֮£Ҫˡ
ĽƺҲʲôˡ
ϾĳУ޼εֻ죬ֻϵۼӵġŪ
оܺá
ŪյǷţ塢壬Լͥȡ
Щڲ¡
ߺɻԼħϵʱ򣬲ȫ磬ΣպĿܸӦõġ
ʱ͸Ӧˡ
Ҳǹͬţ뺣˵Ϊ̫ء
ڴǰǺԼǰԼ
Ǵ뺦ԼԼѾλǰڷԼԪⰵִһɲԼͱɱˡ
Ǻεȿֲ׾ٵĽԼԪɱⰵִ̫ǿˡ
ңԼĹⰵִ֮Ϊܴ
ǣĽȻ˿ǰǰ
λǰǸ򵥵꣬Լǿ
ߵĸо
ĴڣȻû˵Ƿ˼

Сϵ£һʱҲ֪ȥĺãȻˣȥʶһºĵ콾Σߵ
ʲô߶ʱˡ
Ȼԣǰ˵㡣̫ԸˣλǰԼԼܾ̣иѵıڰ
ƺϵǰͿɡЦƺߺ⡣
ǰȷˣԼû
ʱ߳˼ӣһֱܳĬգֻҪסǰǵĵѾͿɡ
͵ĬҲ˵ȸܲһ
⻹ߵһĻ֮ǰһֱĬ
ţʱˣĵѣ
͵ѳƺģ̹Ŵ⣬ƺҲͼһ·ѣûΪΪ
⼸Ǻ޲Tħ棬üǰֻصȼλǰ
λƺѣͺһĴڰ
𺳵ߣȻĳƺգߡ
Ǻǣ̫ѵȷϵϤϵЦ
ʲôЩ߲ںˣ˭˵ȵǿܺ͵໥ƺѣǴ
Сȥģʵ
һû˹˼ɣ͵ʶͲẦԼģֲ֮ǰԼ
Լλǰһλǰǵĵѡ
ǵˣˡ
ǰ˵ؾ붫ȥΣߵ
ŶܺãܺáЦ
㣬Ȼ⡣
ǶĻٿߴȥֻعϷŪԼĹ
´˿̣˲ʲô𣬿ԼȻŵˣҪеġ


ܸӣ̫̹ŵϲ֣ö塢֮ǰΧĹ˻ȥ
ֱǰã塢塢޵ȣɳǰصĸ֡
죬顣
һϵһ޴ϣһ˽üӥĿһ
һͲ򵥡
Ȼƽһף
ǰŵԣһս
䡪
ʱ
װһˡ
գ˭ףˣߣˡ
ʱߺͿ˰ɣ
֮ǰ˵ģ̹ź̫ϲֺ󣬷ߺؾԿʼս͵ȿսˡ
ʱǸеʱڣڵĴսûϲʱ⡣
룬վȻˣ߲Ƶӡ
ʵˣڵŷߺؾĴսأѾ׼Ϸˣû뵽Ȼָյ˵û㣬ݣĶա
òã
ңңңˣã
þɳֻһ±ƣ˲ͺˡ
ļãָһͷ峤š
ǺǣһգȻʱߣ
һߣȻ˼ָˣӪĶԼܲӡ
¡
⣬죬Զ۶һЯ֮

һء
գߣ㾹Ȼ˿ˣõǸϲˡ˸⡣
ûȰ˵ʱ侲ؾͷߴս˵
ûȰ룬ҲϲȰ룬κʱս
˿ȥ˵һӣġ
ҪսǾ͸ᡣ
ֻǣĿŹȻ֣һϾ͵ȺϷе
ⲻǸղŵҾ׼ÿϷˣû뵽Ƶ̨Ϸ
ǡȻпϷģ
ϵףԣǰǺˣǿĸоֹ
ʱ򣬴˵ǱԼ¡
Ȼǰô˵㲻û£Ҫǲ԰ķҪȥǣܻ
õİ취ӣǴҪġû±ò
Ķһݺ󣬸ȥ̸Ҫ̸Ͳˡ
һݺʾ𾴣Ȼ׼ԼҪԵĵˡ
ա
˵ߵĳ޲ǰʲôɱ֮𣬶ǰŵҪС
ȻˣԼնɱԼѵǱȻġ
ߣȻףԣյô翴ˣΪֱ߲ˣ⣿ֹ
Ȼ߲ƣȻˣҪȫԸɡ
滰Ͳˣս
Ȼˣˣ
⣬˵ľͳˡ
䡪
һ죬йⰵϢơ
飬һҫ۵̫ҫ
˺ܾȴɲǶˡ

ʱƣߵĵһν־ƴ
ȶòᣬŶãȻôǿˣ
ѵе飬Ȼܱȣļ޼Ӻͷˣٿֻ㡰ӡߣÿ¡
˵Ľ֣ݱҵĴսվ˷ˣһʱĶڹעڳ˼
Ȼ
Сӣ㣬Сǻ磬ҪںϣҪʮһϣǱһϵǿĺƣ̲סʼˡ
㣬СⰵҪϣ㿴ʩչʲôںأǱˡ
СˣһУһϺÿ𣿷˺ÿʲôãںϰ
ЦϵˣⰵȻֿĸ̸ģ磡
ˣƽڵģԼǰ޵ĵ̫򵥡
ҲߵߵĲΡ
Ȼڷ֮غܺڣҲܶ࣬ں϶ôԶǿ
ԣǿķȴã
ʮһСǶôõĻȻʩչ
߸޴ⰵˣںϵĹⰵǻߣߵǺãȻѹⰵֿʹã
оԼܲˣСһһȴʹõĺͿ
˵ÿϷģһӡ
Ĵսˡ
ֹ꣬ǲ֪ںϸǿ𣿵ֻлԪ޲ΣںϷĻԪ޼ںϸë
޴򵥵ں϶뷨ɵˡ
ߣǰɣ𲻷ϵʱ򣬾Ϳʼںˣ˭˵Ԫ޲򵥵ںϣΪһ޼׼Ǵ
Ĵսˣɸˣһ죬˵
˵˭ô˵ϵҪǿӴ򲻹㣬һķŭ
˵ֲ㲻𡣵̵ģָűǴģأ
Ц
Ȼӻڼ
ĳªʩչǻ˼սϵˡ
ˣôõĸװ˷ˡ
ǡ

ףôˣҲãٴȥˣˡ
ţúø׾ӵʩչͱҪںϣǴ۽磬
ڣҲǹ˵
ˣǿΪ;磬ܸߵܽľ顣
˳ˣһӡ
Ϊϵҹ˵ϵĺǿ
ߣʱϲˡ
ĵǿǿȻԼλںϺͼ򻯣Ǻǿ
Ǹǰһ£ҪǼ

֮ˡ
üҵĴսһƻˡ
λǰˣȻջ񣬿ȴˡ
λǰһֱԼҪۿԼĴսԼҪӶһֱ絽ȥ



1096 վ
磬ô
ӱչظЦ⣬һԵæʵ

ʲôû˵һЦ顣
ܣλǰǰĻԵ˸ĿǰΪľ⣬һǡվһǡǷ˼ֻ̰ǿϧ
磬θˣϧʲô𼱻ǵʡ
ֻǿϧ⡶վֻ͡ϲᣬҲ˵ֻǻԪ޽-޼ɵһĲΣ޼֮ϵûˡ

ʱˡ
ȴ뵽㻹ͺܺˣϾԪ-Ԫ޼εģ㻹
⣬⣬ֵø˰
ȷֻΪֱԾĸеϧֻϲѾĻԵˡ̰Ĳˡ
˵꣬߶߶˵ǿ䣬ҲΪ뷨̰
ܼ򵥡
һξ۽Ĵսĵϻġ
ǣҲûй⶯첻£ΪļܸһУΪܸһУȫܸˣѧϰһ¡
⣬֪ʲôĿģ䣬һǡվһǡ
һοͳƺΪǿ֤䡣
ڳϣԼةȸ߲㣬ɺǼĽӹһ¡
һϲᡣ
󡭡
˻˻˻˻
˵伮ֱ˼飡
Ϻǿ֤֮
ǴԵд˹λǰǺˣ
ĵǷ˼
ŵô
ôֻ˵˼
峤Ҫ˵Ȳϵ˴ĵǿڸλǰȻİ취ľ䣬ǲ˼鰡ة
վΪα˼飬ΪǺǿĸ֮
֤֮
컯ԪеĥվһԼݵ·ԲԣȻϸ߲Ρ
ǿϾԵ˶ʵ飬컯ԪҪ޼۵ıԴ֧
˵֤վֻ֤һɾһɣһɵĽᡣ
һɵĽջᣬ̫ˡ
ľ侹Ȼ˴ǲ˼顣
ȫһбĵϵǺеľ䡣
ǴӾ쵽Ϳˡ
ձ飬ɾɵ˭˵
λãҲһǿϡվϣ
ԣף֮ǰǰ˵Ԫ޽ʱ̣ܼ򵥵ںϷ޼βеͣġ͡վƺȫԡ̾
ǵĴ硣ֵ⻹ǡվ͡ǿĵطǿĵطǣɸһһᣬÿһνɣһԡ̫ˡ
ةҲڮλǰҷһŲ㶥ǿߣСԼǿֲĲ㣬Щһһ
˸ܲͬ
ǿ䣬˸ߵϣ
Ҳǿ󣬲ⷽɵĻᡣ
ڹة࣬ĸűλԶˡԿˣһŲǶ飬һδУͨԼߵ۷塣
֮ǵ֮ޱȵ󡣡ܽ
⣬λǰϢλǰأľ䣬塭
࣬ȴû˵ȷ
Ϊ䣬δ
ǣ
߲׷һҪλǰ·һҪ

ȥأŵԼսߣһϲĶݡ
ôСϵ˵㣬ϵǹ˵ˣĸΣ
лǰǽ԰ɾ߲㲻Զˣָлǰ߿㡱
սʱԼᱻӶһֱ絽
Ǹָߴˡ
ÿζջһа
οָȱ㣬ǴĿ
ߣ֪ͺáϵͿ˵Сôõ츳ţȴϡɵĺܣֱ˷츳Ȼ
ĳͨȻҲкõĸţǻȲһЩˡ
ֻ˵ʵڶԵʵȺУĸż
ҪһδУഴͨ͵ûд˿̵
ȷһ档ȻΪǵĻ
Ϊô󷽣
ƵƵָߣ͸Եȥ
ΪĲ̫ˡ
ز᲻ˡ
᲻ػĻᣬҪ漣
ںĳװҵʼ˹Ե·
һЩСԵСסԼҺ̫ȴҲģüĴھС
ԵԼҲվסˡ
Һܼ򵥵Ĵѣ㣬ĿǰԵ̫ˡ
ԼҪĴ¶Ǳ
ԲͬĻ磬ÿ羡һıԴչв֮ͬ
νײ׳𻨣֤ͬ׿Ŀꡣ
ԼĺܶںľϡȱԴ
̫ǿʢˣһӲΪԴ磬᲻֣ƶ߳ļѡ
ƶдĸͨȣԴŨ֮أһܴİ
ļƴŵĵطһԣ磬ͬ
ǵ翪ʼҲܷḻɺڵĲˣֻܴƶ̰ȡܵõġ
ǲͬ
ĵһЩõвͨ
Ϊ𲽾ҪŨͱԴƶĵطС
Ȼ򷨹һ֮֮£ǿû
ɵ˵֮ΣƶҲãԣҲգûǿ֡
ǵ֮ΣڵĿ⣬ǿͺû
ֻ˵֮£㣬ĵܵ㡣
⻹ܼʣΪ˼ҺĵĸԣԼġ
ã˭ڣڵ군˰ɣ
ڣڣڳһǿߣ

һ꣬һ·Уʥء
ĴսѾۿ֪֪һǰˣĴ
λǰǸˣ磬ʩչǿͺָ㡣
һ˭ں磬
˵ʵۿѾ˺þãű硣
Գһµľ棺
ǰ
ۿڵˣǹİݼ
֮󡪡
ߣãñʿͣս
ָоԼŵԵĸߣԼǸͲͯӡ
ۿӣƺܿԼ
оӦò
ֵֹأ
ˣսɣ
ˡ
¡
һ֤Լĸһߺͷ˷ĵۿս
ˡ
Цˣڻ߰ԵʩչʲôǺĵСǻ߰ԵЦˡ
С治˵Ĳ𣿻ôʲôߣǺˣˣϷ𣿡
ӺС𣿡
߷֣
Լ׼˱磬Ȼе㡰Բס
ӸһôЦ˵ģʲôӣʲôˣϷ
ۿҲƣ˳ƺСǣһˡۿʩչ̫ˣǺ
ϣ̫ݻСһĻ߷ͻںϣ
ۿˣòǵڵͰ
嶫̫һΪ׵Ŀ֪ͣ˿̵飬
ô磡
ؼ㻹һÿһα磬ĵȱ㣬û취

ˣˣĹⰵ֮ôǿ츳Ƿֿʩչϵȥˡ
޴߰Եһǰ̫⣬һǴ
㣬㣬Сڣ㾹Ȼ̹ŵĺᣬ̹Ŷ˰Ҫ̹ţѹФ󱲣
ۿңҡҴǰ
Цˣⰵεǿķ𣿽Ϻڰʴݣɰ᲻᣿
ߣ治ᰡ

踺أҲҪ
ΪȥܸõʩչԼҲλǰָܽʱջ
˺ܿƣȴĬ
ĿǣҪûȥˣСˣ
λǰżġҪ̹š̹Ŷˡȣƺһظûа
ⲻ˰Ѿ߿ˣѵҪ߿ı
磺ǰ̹Ÿ



1097 ˲а
ҡĴսվĻˡ
ۿһսǺ䶯ķ
ߵĴս̫ͻȻֻ֪߲Ĳˡ
ߺ͵ۿĴսǣĵġ
ȻƺЩƫ룬Ǵʥĸ𣬶Ǹָصӣǰ
λǰһĸ˵ӣǸ޼εĸˣƺĵһˡ
طʵֶβ£ĸǸ㡣
Ҫ٣ǧҪľǸ߸֮˵ķò
λֻв֪ǰ̫ˡ
޼ӡһ
˭˭ͨߵδսˡ
˵ûǻۣӲʹ
ɱĶˡ
͵ġԲСļҪˣڷ֮ؾˡ
ĺ󣬼ĵſʼתǻĻָˮ׼
ɲǣڷ֮ʱȥʱ䲻㳤̫̹ǰҲӦеǡ
̫̹֮ţ˥ܵĵµĸˡ
𿴱׷ɱ˺ܾã׷ɱʱ䣬ǻĸգָ˱ӡ
ĺΪûиգ㵽ĻָأѾʼıԼˡ
磬ȥڣ˭ָͺôĹԵ㳹׵ĳΪ˺Ŭȵȡ
֮һ
Ҫ˹󣬻⣬Ϊ濴ߣ
ߵǰⰵħ⡣
ʲôħʲôţһ·ͨߵһۣ֮ɱľν֮ˡ
ϰˣҲľˣĽηţֻǱû߱ѹ̤ʯ
ԳְߣȻȻĸĴսⲻ̶̵ʱˡ
ڣǰȰʱڱ£
ⶼǼٵġ
ʱ𶯺ˣҪٵһʱ䣬ؾͷߴսеĿⶨעҪеĵඡ
ⶼƺǻۡ
Ͼ̫صߣƵͬʱҲ˺ô
̫֪ܲ
̫Ȼ֪Ĵ㣬̫ûᡣ
Ϊܵص
ƼСͬʱ˺ôͲǰװ׵úı̫֪⡣
˿̣ǰĸ߲㼸˲֪ˡ
֪ôһλɰɾǰȻϲˣȻͨ
𿴵ۿȱʱܣǽǴͷǻס
һˣ䡶վ̫͡ˡ
䣬ܸıˡ
һ飬ʲôΣǵ֮ΣֻҪûǿԽعֻҪ㻹Ĺ棬Ҫˡ
˶̫ͬ˶˶̫ں
ֻҪ㻹ں棬ں߹£û治С
˵ģû߳ϵ顣
Ҫ˵ǿⱲӶһﵽĿǰĺع벽
ȻˣȻں߹»ӣҪ˵Ľܡ
úĳϣҪġ
ָ̫̹һ߹ֵܣֻϣС
˵Ŀǰں̫⣬Ȼ߹򴫵Ϣ˾ͻųȥ
ǰ£Ҫֺǿ϶ġ
ĿǰģġռһЩˣ
ȻΪĽףµĽȻͬĵ
߹£еĹֻҪ߾ܽպܱ䡣
͵ǲ׳ĵĽݾ
ǿ׼һ㡣
Сôһ棬ǿɲǸСģúĸǿԲġ
Ŀġ
ڴۿ˵ĺôҲǸ˶ѡ
˿̵ӪС
ֵˣֵˣҲֵˣĿǰĲ㣬ָ˷򣬻ˡվ͡λǰǿֲ˹
Ļϲĵۿ̾
߲㣬򵥵Ŀ˿һࡣ
ֱֵ֮
ϧֻϲᡣܸҲˣ
̰Ĳĵۿֵ
˵Լ죬ʲôأһξôջ񣬻Ҫɶ
ȿȣ˵˵ѣۿء˵
ʮСڿĿɿڴ룺Ǻ͸ʵĲ
ʹȻɽֹ
ȫ̽ǰϢǶǰ֪̫ˣȫ̽ǰϢ
ǣ
߲

оԼִһν͵ߣһָٺ˵㡣
ǰҪʱ䣬ܱܲƺˣᡣ
εĵ
һϹǰƺԼ᣿˵ᣬò˵ͨ
ţȷˣ´ע㡣Ц
ǽĻеˣֻСǽȥģ
ߺã
ҪҪʹ˰ɣ
ԵƺˣҪȥŵˣ
ܸоԼⲻȥŵԡ
ⲻԼеĴսȻǺ𺳣Լͱͯӡ
׼֪ˣ˼ҸںԼսһ˼Ŀ׼˸Լǰ
ңԼĵòƶħġ
ⲻǸԼҲʹ
͵ۿϲӣ򵥵ĵõָ㣬ܻбĺô
ԼҪһ·սȥǽάӪ
ҪԼҲȥӪĸʦЄ۵ȵҲһ飿
ܸоﲻԣ벻ס
κˣֻҧǰȥϷɣҲƹǰ
Ϸ𣿡ʵ
ǵģʥϷɽǴȥϷ֮ȥߵ
һüСϷҪ˰ɣƲȥɣ˵
е¡
ΪʲôȥϷ
ϷʲôΣ
ȻƺˣϷϺǰǲҿ
԰ǲǡܺõĵ𡱣
룬ȴûʣֻܵȻǰ˵ˣȥɡ
ţðãЦ
ɲȥϷװУҪ̫еû³ΣԼװУǾͲˡ
̫ܲǰεǲҪĺá
̫̫Ҳ̫ƣԼĴӷ֮أһһӵĿӳӡ
ˣһ䣬̤ȥ·

Ϣʱˡ
˵ʵģǲ˵ġ
üֻء޲Tˡ
ǶֹȻǽźܿߡ
嶼ˣںң֪ðôȻǽţ
ҿǶʥأͶɽеԶ
򣬺Ҫһˡ
ȻҲںƢõԵʣûĳһϸߵ͡
ϾֹȻĴǽţڼٺˡ
˵һоûУǲܵġ
ȷǰ˵޼θںʲôˡ
ǰ
ĿɲһɲģҲһɲĿ⿴ġ
Ҫ٣˶޼ûãɴ˾벻Ҫ
üôϲˣΪλߴе壿
޲Tֻ֣Ϊλֺõĸħ
ǵŴ
Ϊеû£ԸСǲƨɣ
⣬ƹħܸ̫ͺĵ־߶ĽǹºͱԴĽ
Դ͹¿̫컯ԪеľŲںϷġ
ôĺôȻᣬȻˡ
͵Ȼðͷ𺳣ǰˣȻû˵ˣǷ˼
ҺֻغüֻħŵģΪǲ˲١
ҲԼ鷳ȴѵһ٣ղðġ
ֻˡ
ǣ
ߺĵѷ޲Tͽֻزˡ
ǷŵģҲħġ
ëҪǽǺħǽ
ң󵨰
ɲǷţ޲TϳҲħĴӪҲڴ˵ء
㵱޲TҪ
ôö֮ǲ֪ô
ħֻ𣬻޲TӲĲҺԣħɲں
ˣľ棡
ֻصѣⲻ֪ðǹȻĿǰںǽǣҪѵ޲Tĵ
ߣȻ̫Ϊ޼ɵ͸ΪΪ𣿱֪޼Ҳġһղ޼õ֮ôſ񡣡ֻذȻĵ
ҲǺԼһħĸŶѡ
ԼǻħǰĴڣϼ
ѣʹ̫ģ޲Tʵ
ֻź˵̫Ĵ˵޹ؽҪһ֮СӦű̫ųļһ
ţ϶޲T
̫ˡô˵أ޲TֻΪ϶̫ˡ
Ժ˽ľһ֮ǰħһһļһű̫ųġ
̫ҲʾԼ֪Ҳ˵У޹ؽҪˡ
ˣǺȻֵδ֪̫Ūġ
̫϶ô࣬Ȼųһ޼ε˵ͨ
üǵ˵ȣʹ̫ġ
˭֪̫ʲôĿģЩ˴ݵϢе˰
޹ؽҪСȵȣ
ϸ˵̫ûˣ𣬵ȷƿУҲȷ޹ؽҪ
òˣ̫޹ؽҪǵ޹ؽҪ
ϾȻ֮Σ˭˵˭ŵģ浱֮εĸǰײ˰
ʱ̹ŲžŸ֮εģĲ֮µľӶࡣ
˵ǵ֮ĸˣǲźͻɵġ
ֻغȻеϤĸо
ʲô޲T
ƺ˵Ǻ벻ˣֻص
ֻΪȷǿĵѾ߹رǵһУȫĨȥˡ
ΪǺ߹֣ضԴˡ
ԣ˵һû߳ǰǱƾĨȥġ
̫͸Ϊļˣ򵥵˵֮ĵųƺ
Ǵ˿ȫɱˣ޼Ρ
ü֪֮صʮ̫˵ĸࡣ
ü˿ҲֻǸеϤİУ˭òƼģ
޲TȻ
ֻ˵еϤģ
ȻϤģˣǴǰʱѵļ䣬ֻڵѵǰ֧飬еϤģ˵ǻħձ̫ųã
ţֻض˵ˣҲͨˡ
룺ˣǻʱĵѣԼӦǰ˵ǲϤ
Լļ֧飬˴˿̵ĸо
ңǰǿĸ֣ԼĿǰļ˱ѣȻԼ˱ѵģô޹ؽҪˡ
ͺ˵ˡ


1098 ¡һ죬ֻ޲Tǳ
ôˣҪߺͷŽսʱҲֵĺʹǰôſǾͳȥѵһ٣ǺģҪعġ
գֻȻо̫ãΪ˲ǽţǴӦ޲T˵ġ
ƣ
޲Tĵ˵ͷѾˣԼѵһٺܵȫԼȡ

̫磡
Ǻˣ
̫磬̫Ӳɽ󣬾ͳĴսûһĻ
̫ƺûֹ
üֻص˭ʱʵʵ˵˵޹ؽҪ
޹ؽҪ
Ǵ˿ľ񣬸޹ؽҪˡ
ԭܼ򵥣һںĳ仧𣬻ʲôв
̫µȫȻԼԼͷ
һԼԣں仧
ѡ񣬲һ⡣ֻҪ̫Ⱥܰȵ̫ġ¹ӡ
һˣ̫Ȼϲ
˳ȫľٶüȴ˲̫ȷϢ
ƿеϢ
޲TǳԵշһ𣬻бõ
οԿľͲԼ޲TӦãϰ˰ɣ
뵽ˣź棬̫Ϊң֮ص飬ˡ
عϢ̫Ҳ˵̫ࡣ
Ҫʣ̫治ᡣ
һشӣ֪ԼçײˣѡǣҲѯˡ
ֻоǿߣòҪԿ
ڲԼ
ȥԿ޲Tֻذɣ޲TӦãϰ˰ɣ
£һĺڣΪǵΪ˼޲TԿϰˡ
ǲ֪޲TҪ֪󣬻᲻ܡ

˵Ӫ
Ӫ˷ܣҲеѹ
˷ܵӪĶɱķսսۿ
ûаܼսƽˡ
ӪܸˣҪ٣Ӫһ㣬ʱõĴ˾ǿһ㡣
ôӪǸ˵ġ
ҲܣλǰĴ迴óòûǵ¡
ܲߵѣҲԼӪһٰɣ
űջ񣬵õǰָ㣬Լòָܣ֮˶Ʋס
⻹һؼؼԼĿɽüǰ
ԼҪüǰԲῴԼǽǡ
Ȼıˣ߾ǰܡ
ҪǹȻⲻǸü
ƺӪòʲôô
ɰ˼Ĳᡣ
ĬĴУ
ЄȻλѣĸʥˣһֻһˣ·ŵĸʥ˻ϴѹգ
⻰˵꣬ۡĸǰһ
ļãһֱŭˡ
дܿŷˣϳֶԸߵѣǲ鷢
ķŭǱЦģ˭֪Ǹᡣ
˵öԣܿŷ۸ߵѣȥɣ
Դǵ˵
ţλȥߵ󣬲÷۸ǵˡĸҲ
ˣѸپ;ˡ
ȻʲôǼٵģ޷Ϊ˺ͷŵĴսȻõָѡ
ҪҸɵģɾͺܲ
ѸٴͬһĿˣ˵Ը¿ôӪ󣬾ͼҴҵĸˡ
һĻ
üĺơ
˵ıӲĿģǲ
뿪üֹΪθоϤɾ벻ʲôˣ⣬ΪΣյĸо
üԼݣݲ˭
ֻǸо˵Ϥ⻹еΣյĸо
üĵó̫ĴϸĿü⣬ƿСĪҪģˡ
̫Ĵ
üŴһü
ܸоԣȴҲﲻԡ
̫ưɣ
̫ϰߵģҪá
ü룬㲻ˡ
οҲûԼĴӪǽţȻ˿޲Tֻصıְɡ
ϣԼĲ²ȷġ

ʱת˲һǧꡣ
Ϊ˸ʱ䣬ûĵĸ·ǿʱߣһǧ굽

Լ졢˷ܡ
λǰˡ
ʲôյĸҪô
ջ˼ԼŵģҪѹԼԼŪգ
Ųġ
ҪûѹǾԻĵգķˡ
ƺŪ
ֻǣû뵽Ϊһ˭룬ԵĻȻ˻Ե
һծģҪˣô˵ʹ졣
˿̾Ȼ˻Եճͱͯӡ
Ŀǰĸӣа̾
ᶼˡ
᲻аѹɽ󰡡
Ľ̫죬ǰ͵ӣ벻᳾ңʹ졣
û뵽ʵ̫пᣬװƶװˡ
͵ԣûб㡣
͵Ĳκη鲻Զˡ
ĿǰĺǲˣݻĽĿɿڴ̫ˡ
벻մȾκε벻κεķӣʹ緢չ޹صġ
ͱչظһٿ˵ʱ֣ᷢչǰԼǸ֣չؽԼɰײˡ
չ鿴ˡ
ǰü˷ţ˹ŷһһӡ
ţң
ʵ̵ܷġ
ңĻһԵ˻˵ңǡ
Σ᲻װˣҲһӳһͷ졣
ҪĵķչҪʱĲܵӡ
û뵽ǣ˴ռŲãͱͯӾˡ
Լϲġӡ
һĻԵ
͵ۿˣôˣ̸衣
ǰ򵥣ĻԵҲһ򵥡
˴͵ۿΪУһֳɷ֡
ɷǣֺá
ûЩʥ˷˵ۿֺɡ
˶̶ȡ
ˣĿǰľ棡

ȣ˵ʱգƶɮΪĻָӡԴ˴ֻƶɮְɡƶɮǸҵˣ鶼֪ƶɮӱܡ
˵
Ͳ鷳ҷˣƶɮģҽˣҲ˭
˵
һеħĸգƶɮλѲҪˣɡ
첻
ƶɮӣʱŪѰɡ
Ȼ
һеΪˡ
ȻﲻԸɱϾͬˣܲ߳ŭĴ֣˭մսɣ
ô죿
ڴûκε壬ˣΪ˲˺ҷڲ棬ʱԼѡɡΪ׼ᣬһ취
ᡢ󣬾ÿУҲֻˡ
ٷƣ
룬ȴӦˡ
һѡԼġ
ҲӦˣΪΪԼ
ҲӦˣΪվͲɵͻԵΪȻͻԵȻ͸Լ׽ˣԼ׽ģնѡԼ
ҲӦˣ˺ɻ
ⲻ֪֪һѡԼģû취ӵ޲TָʾֻܴӦˡ
λΪλ֮ǰս͵ۿ
ƶɮǣģʱ޲Tֻǰ֣˭̵ôƶɮͣΪ˻ѣ洫ָʾһ̣ƶɮͷˡ
֮ƣ
û뵽ô׾ʹˡ
ķ+׼ɢȥˣš
ûȶãˡ
ɲǣ˵ʵˡ
һȻԼͱͯӣ˱ˣ
ѡʦᣬ˳ʦһЩԵ
û뵽
ǰ
ֻԶλѡ
ˣǡáֵĸˡ
ǰݼֶߵѣ󣬷ĸʥˣǰ󣬶Կ
˵꣬գգʾգڱʾҪ
һЦôͱͯӡ
ⶼʲô£
ĸʥ˼׼ᣬ͵۹ⶢԼ͵Լѡˡ
ԼվѡʦʱԼͬ˵ˡ
ôĶԵİ
Լа취
һԼͬˣԼҲǺôﲻʹ죬Ϊߵ׳ֻ
ǲ֪ǰ᲻ָҪԵġǰһ֮ɣ

ȻˣͲء
ԽԽãԽԽ޲ܱ˰ͲƵɵӡ
ԣһҲں
˿Ƕ˿һ˿
ǵ˵ľǷţһģû뵽лˡ
ҲԸˣλǰȻ˷緶ЩСôҪָ㣬ȻӦˣȻˣ
òƽԴϲľ档
һ⣬дĸ֣ɵӡ
Ͳߺȵ׬ҵı˰ɣɵǮࡣ
ĿƮһһգµļһڿԼ
һЦ룺ǺôĵӣϾȻôȻĿԼΪԼ
޲Tֻء
޲Tֻͬ˿
˷֣޼ڵСȻûзԼͺðˡ
ǲ֪ģǵأվǰһ
޼ڵ֮ǰأ֪ôġ
ʼ˼һˣһֻû뵽̫Ȼʹ죬ǿԼĿȫԼ𣿡
˲ˡ
̫Ϊ˳ԼģǴӺһĵ޼
ֻغ޲Tûѯ̫
Ȼѯˣ˻ôɵΪԼصúܺáǾ˵һ
һĿȻ̫ڳȫԼҲ⿴Լתĺˡ
ò˵̫Ĭ̫һϵûУ̫ͨĲֿС
Ҳ̫ͨġȫ뵽һС
ǻ۵ĵˣԺܲܡֵ̾ôһλǻȫ˵ĵѣƺҲܺá
һᡭ
һᶨȻ̫ػô㣬𳹵תΣ
֮ǰһеƣһ̲ʽö
ھ׳Ϊһˣһ̫ˡ
νͷʹһжá
ȥɣȥɣһСͷȥɣֻҪ̵סϵĿ𣬸ǵԵΡ
ͨ˻֣ʾۡգŵĶװģıŤˣȥɣҺˡ˳ָǡ
лǰ
ߵˣǷŵĶ˷ܡ
ʱð̹⣬ѰҶִս
ΨֹʲôҲлˣأҪˡ
¡
ֻһ죬ƺںӦٻ
ⲻʲô죬ǣˡ
Ȼ
û˷ܶã˲ɵˡ
ѿһӣֻغ޲Tǳ


1099 

µ޲TֻأһĽĿһСӲϵӡ
֪֪ſ񣬻ĵĶ
ش޲T˵
Я޼˽ٺһڵʥ˶ʱͲ˵ˡ
޲T𲻱Ҫ鷳ɣԼĲ˴ĿģΪľǲЩԵĲ롣
ŶſĵĶ˭˵㣬ⲻ̫ѵ𣿡
˿ŵЦʵ
˵ֻľУϾˣûҪֵòɿ
ɾͲҵˡ
㣿޲TĻǺòᡣ
һ䲻̫˵˺Ρ
ܲ˵̫Ҳʹɡ
޲Tѣ̫ſ˵Щõġֻص
ǿˣ֪СȻô֪ѵ
ҿ޼߲㣬һСһôſ
ҿҲǣǶ˵ͨҲãԿٵ߰˸ˣ֪治ࡣ
޲TֻǴֽѵˡ
Ȼ

ļãֻһЦ
˵ĺܶԣ𼸰ٸô֪СҲࡣЦ
㣿޲TȻеɣȵԼʲôٸ٣
㿪Цأʼٲ㣬ڹ̺۵ʱŶʱ䣿ҲʮĸٰɣٰѻʱϣҲͲһ٣ļ٣
֪СٰԪ𣿡ֻزˣֻħ񣬼ǰļʮ٣ļ١
ߣҿ޲TоϷŪˡ

ֻһħ֣Ǵѹ
һԲϾͶֵĺģ޼սȴټ
һȣһǣŵȴʧòƻԵûˡ
ǣǿʲô
ֻ޲TȫԸĴ߶ħѹƺûһ
ħѹ¡
ǰô
ҿǱֻǰסˣ֮޲Tǰѹ
ţеϡ

һֹ
Ȼˡ
ֻħѹʱվǲһ
ħȻϴ
ͺñǰʱգֻӰ
ħƵɶް취
⣬ôܣ
ʲôͨ
ֻغ޲Tˡ
ںϷ޼Ƿһ֡
ÿγֶҲ˵޲Tħ߶ħȻԴһ˿öûС
˿һĵطӰı𰡡
Ǻǡ
һЦ΢ЦĿˣɫʼ仯ֳһָ߸ϣ̬
һŭȣϣ
һ֣ĲӬһֻغ޲Tκεֿ֮£ڿеˣħһ
Ǻε
ղŹǵΰƺƾճ֣ȴڷһδ֪
˵ΰǷֿܵģ̫߶ˡ
¡
ģע˵صĶɵˣʲô
𣬾Ȼ˷סһУӿ׾ٵ
ҽжƺһƲǹסһС
ֻأźǣ֮ε
ȫķ򶼱סһ㶼
𣿡
ۿһĻüһ亹
֮εôܣ
üļôӵվ͸ԶȴǰһĻ
Һûг֣Ȼ𣿡
ɽĺһһ£˾ȻǺ̫̹Ŵƽôܣ
ԣ̫˵޹ؽҪģ
ô޹ؽҪǿ˰
ֳΪ֮һ
ˣ鲻Խ˿Һ
п񺰣棬ôˣôˣ
˷紵ݶһ̴̣Ӫǰˡ
УûӦʲô
ֻǿǰһϺ󡱣һ֣ĲӬһķ޼
Ǻεʵ
ŵõ޲Tֻأ޷˵Լʲô
װԣѵ˵ģô
̫˵޹ؽҪ
ֻظ𺳣޲Tв֪ͣԼָо̫Ϥˡ
Ǹ𰡣ǸΪϻ
ô죿
Լأ˲ҪնɱԼɣ
Һ֣Լĵ֮ʧˣںϷֹˡ
޲TҲˡ
ŵļôվûܶˣ˶ѡ
ǽ
ֻһ˸˵ϷмĿˡ
һѹǵӡ
Ȼ˸뵽Ѿˡ
һ޷ֿסǣ˱Ƶķ
ϣҲұ鷳˭ǵ
ֵĪ˵ֻϷ쳾ĸСԵնɱΣߣ
⻰˵꣡
Ȳ˵ס޲Tֻôġ
˵ʶһĻ飬Ȼоһαˡ
޼Ѿˡ
͸Ȳ˵ҲܱȣλвС
λѹ޼ǰ֣ѹ޼޲Tħֻ棬˵λǰ޼Բǡ
ǣǣÿ²˵
޼϶ѣʲô˽κʱ򲻿ԴһӦеıԣô͸ǣ
СħͷղʩչʲôħҲһŪɭɭģⲻ֪ƽ⣬ļ޲֪ƽ⣬뷨ɵҿվڴ֮ӵķС
СȻû֣ǿϢҾ͸ܵĳȴҲ·ɣſ֪֪˭ɵ
ο֮ν飬ֻһ֮µħϺ;񣬵ȵ˵֮κһ
ҲԣǲȫǰӦҲǸ˵֮εļ䣬һ䲻ȫ㯣ǺǣԻС
ô˵أ
Ӿӡ
޲TֻΪ군ˣǲ군ҲҪԿ
û뵽ұ仯ʼԼˣ
ʲô
ֻغ޲Tһʱã˵˷סĿһ٣Ȳ˵⳰ġָ㡱治ܰ
ңǰĿ磬˼ʼҵı仯
һֺĴԽԼ˰ײ˵ĸо
Ȼֵĸ֣ԤʾţԼ䵽ڶˣָоܡ
Һã
ʱһǸоûˡ
һ֣
ôϻ˵ı˵
䡪
һһʮϤ
̫ȥˣû뵽Ǳֵӣ˻ԡ
ֻұ仯̫û뵽
Ϊѵ޲Tֻء
ֻ̫Ҫնɱˣ̫⣬˳Եûʲô
һЩܣ̫ˡ
еҾĵĸо޼лǺĿǰļޣʱһЩ޼֮εܲá
Ǳ䣬ǲϺĴ˿̵
̫Ī֣ϵϰˣϰˡįľˣС̲סΪʦ
ˬأ̫ˡ
Ǻ֢ճ˵ĺ֢Сϲ߶߶

һĻ鶼˿
һжڵƿУͺá
üͺֻҲˣʲôСһжƿС
ԭ̫˵ô˼
ֻϡҡˡ
ʱ̫һ׾ͺá
˵꣬ѹɢȥ̫ˡ
ֻغ޲Tɵˣʲôأǻڵ˵أ̫ѣԣ̫
ȴϲ̫ǳȫԼװư
Ȼͺ˵ˡ
С𣿡ֻغ޲T
ֻغ޲Tþ
һθоָܣôܣʱʱˡ
Ǹ߸ϵģΪת˲䳾
İ㶼ʲô
ȻʵܲпᣬѪܵİǰ
ֻؿԼʧͲ⣬ûһĵ˵Ķԣ³çˡ
޲Tȴʧǵû˵

һЦʧ𣿱߸ȴǾ֮ܣܰɣǻҪԵģ˵ʵڵıѵСǺȻˣ߰ɣ߰ɣĪҪԴˡ
ʧǵ˵
ȻˣԼݺݵĽѵΣ
ΪԶԶȲпıֱӡ
λ˼Լ״ĸ֣ɺȻʵǸƭӣӺԼһС
һ̲˵ģľҵɣתɣ
ƺûʲôͷпᡣ
Լǣʹʧˣ˵ˡ
ȥɡ
߹ȥˣԼ߿һۣ߲ȥҲˡ
ǻӲӬһһ֣ʧǵ޲Tͻеǵֻأˡ
̫ˡ
࣬˵ˣüȣָͬܵĸо
һһֱĸ֣˵
۵ĵĺ䲻һɢܹɢ߳ɡ
޲T߳ôˡ
̫Ǵӿʼͽܵģٶ༸Ҳ¡
ǱȻֵ߳
֮ӰԶ
ֱʾ·ûʲôһֱȣҲûʲôһֱ߸ϡ
䷲ֻǳϦ֮䡣

δˣ϶ηˡ
ֻκֱ̫̹ˡ
˷ܵû˻顣
ˣһ˴еߡۡĸ졢ȡ
СǼʼɡ


1100 ø޲T
һˣ֪ôʼģޱ𺳵±״̬֣ǰġ
ǺģΪԼ˵ķʧۿۡˡ
һٴһ˲˹
ʼŬĴս
ȻҲĲᡣ
ջʱӪͷŶˡ
˴ǰ𺳡
Ƕڴǰǵĺܿ죬Ϊ漰޼ĶԹһССʥûҪμǡ
ôμǣǲ޲Tӣǹ棿
ǰǵ飬СͲˣͲǺ߲ε顣
ֶһΣǳɵݶҲ޷ӵһڶ˹οǴӵڶ
Ƕڸ̾Ҳ֪޲Tħ᲻벻

սó̽ˡ
ȥ˾̫ԶԶı㿪һ
̫̫
⣬εջ̫󣬱ʥ׬Уû뵽Ŵֱ̫̹ˡ
þգȥ޼Լû취̫϶ҪԼˣܸ϶ᡣ
᳹һ룺װƾܡ
ߵʱ򣬱õĲգˡվ͡ᡣ
޽ɵһ㵽޼ɾŲݣ²ᣬҲĵһᣬûд衣
֣ʱ˵
ߵʱ򣬿ոмӣоеˡ
ӺСԼܲصȻ˵Ҳ㲻ϿӺ໥öѡ
ߺͷţһϲĹҪ˵ġ
ˡ
ûߵѰҵ·̫סˡ
̫ѣϵʲô£
еŵĿ̫
̫Цеܽţ̫Ϥ˲Цˡ
֮ǰǱЦ£һ˵ġ
϶ƣҪĽˣ˰ûӵǴˡ̫Ц
һɫĵ֮
˿̫˵һĿȻ
ɫˣĹܵĿʼɫڣͱ߳ˡ
Ҳ˵ٱųѹơ
̫̫ǰ£ǰ顣
ȿȣȫѵĳȫо򵥣̫⻵֣ôĵϲԼ
֪̫˳̫Ļֵڱǿ㣬ϵϣΪҳϱȲˣϵǿôһ㣬ĵĺ𻵵̫أҪָϵǣҪʱġ
̫Цеӣƺһ㣬˵Ȼȫѵĳȫ
ǺǣҲûʲôϿңҶ֪̫
⻰˵꣬һ飬˺޳֮ͽ
ȷȷԼʧ̬ӭϵ
ǵ㲻ϿҰܲص̫Ȼ
⣬⣿̫ʲô˼
ʲô˼㻹ʱ֪֪ԵԺ˵زƽ⣬壬ԼźӪԵأأ壬壬أħأҪƽ𣿡
ˡ
̫ҪģԼҪ
̫Ѻ⣿
ɣ㼱ҴҵӣҪѰҵ𣿲ȥϺͱһˣʮּįȥ㣬Ҳ׽׽
ȿȣˣϵϲ徲徻áЩĵ϶ȥҪ
һģѺιʾܾ̫һ档
̫˵꣬һ㣬˵ղŵʾ
лˣʵϵϰ徲˵ѣղ˵ϵľٶƻƽ⣬ϵһȷˣ̫ΪҰѹѣȥΪϵ³çƻƽ⣬㿴ô
ò˵̫ϵˡ
̫ȻҪ̫ʻе
ǱӲͲԼĴˡ
˼ӲԼܾܾܲɣ
̫ͲǸľܾ˵ˡ
ðɣ̫
͸ˣϵܰģĪҪƴˡĵĲᡣ
ԭ̫ԼҪģˮʯ
˵ѡվ͡ϲв˳
̫ˣҲͽ˹
һԪһݣǺܲ
ֲôͨнĳɾͣ벻á
Ȼÿһ֮ε𣬶򵥡
ǣ
ãܲѹȻͨ󣬾Ȼ˹̫ĵ˵

һЦԼĵط
˿ûã̫ʮٳɵĿޣʤĿޡ
ֵһɹѿ佱ˡ
ûУ˵Ļ̫Ͽҵһ㲻⣿
ôﲻԣָһأ̫ġ
ţ㿴ԣֻϲвᡭ²أܸأ

Ȼһ£
øҪƥ򣬲ͼıϲвᣬͼı²Ҫܸ٣ôôҪƤ
ôѺΪ𣿡̫ɫһһ
̫̫㣬㣬Ҿ֪ûģ㲻ù𣿡ŭˡ
ŭŭǲܵġ
˵Ҳ򲻹ǴùҲУ̫ҪǶԺͶƱԼɾͻᱻϳȥġ
οŭаŭ̫Ҫô죿
˺ˣϷˣѺǱܸߵ˴ĲӣϢôˣҪǴݻҺĵӣҺʧŽдٶȵó
̫ñӴһ
ӣ㾹Ȼ˵ӣ㲻ʾԼο㵱ɵ֮ǰδҪ˵˭Կ࣬Сħͷֻأ㾹Ȼ˵Ҵݻٺӣое۵߸
ôôߵڰף
ڣҲ˿̫˵ˣҪĲҪ
ŭǷˣ̫ûҪࡣ
ڵǡǵϵĴ㿴ôҪȥοһ£õ⳥кβɣ

ײ뿴̫ˡ
㡣ϵˣϵѾĵ飬ֵáһδεĿӺˣʹ˱
öһίͿƣϿҵĶ̫ġ
̫ѹˣˡ
ಡ
Թ뿪ˣ̫ܿ͸оܡ
ȥ̫Ц
˵ľô޳һ㣬׬ô׬ķ˰ɣļӳϾ͹˵ģ˵ˡ⹦ĸ϶׬ˣбŹ㡭
ôܣ
˵ջ񣬾˵ĿǰñӵģҲǼˣŹ㡣
ɳԶ͵һ¡
ֱ˶˵ĸооܲ
̫òûϵƭɣˣ϶Ȼƻ
ֹ
̫˵ģԼ׬ˣ㹦ѣʹġ
ҪΪװ̫û¶ԼԹ
ˣһһɣܸҪƤġ뵽
ǲǣû֪ˡ

̫
ڵõġվ͡϶
ϡС²ûʲôֵø̾ģܸٲһĵһ֡
̫ۿһܸٺǳ
Ҫȥοһˡ
˵棬һҪ̾ʱС
ԼȻҪȥο˵ȥָһ޲T
ⶼʲô
ң޲TԼΪȤӻĹΪԼ˺ܶĻЦ
Ҳĵͬѣֻһˡ
αĲᣬ̫Ҫ㻯һ޲T˳һֻԵ
Ҫ̫Ҫ¶մģƽ⡣
ò˶塢ȣܽ⹦Խ
ⲻ̫Ҫƽ⡣
һվ̫ħԨ
ħԨУ˿̾޲Tһˡ
븧οһ޲TֻأԼĲᣬȻû޲Tôǽȥ޲T
ֻһ޲Tǿ
ֻصһܽǣһ˽ֵС˵
ǰħֻأ־δһα̹նɱˡ
ڻеڶ
ֱ̫İ£ڶնɱˡ
Һһγɾ˽
ǣտʼͱ̫סˣ˵ϳ˺ģûһ鱦
ʲҲң
ǻûȥ˻Ȼֺͣĵж
κһʧˡ
֮𣬱̫ץסˣһ١
˵ʵҪֻǣһŰŰȥı˽顣
̫ˣ˺üΣûһĳɾ͡
ĿǰҪڴ̹ŵӰУڴ̫£ڴ˺׷¡
Ҳңֻء
Ɐҵľ۲ӵĵģαһû޲Tô
Ҳûõȥڰοָ޲T
޲TҲο˺ֻظ޲Tһ˻ص˵ħԨ
ѹ֣ص޲TڱıԵ
벻ô
Ҷô߹󽾰һˣи̫ңϰˣôֶ
һû˵Ҳ޹ؽҪˡ
ҪǴӿʼǿҲܵĹȥ
ɴû˵Ϊôǿ
οԼҪȥѵ˵ģ˽ѵˣܲ˰
ѹ֣ܳĬһֻζӡ
޲TħǺĵħ˵Ӱħ
Ȼ֮ǰ
غѾǡ
һĻŵķ֣ԼȻħˣԼȻħ𵴣
ԣⲻħԼ
޾ĺͲпᣬµѹֺͻʲô
ԼħͷҪ
𣬴𣿡
ڱԵ޲T૵
ף
ħԨ̫Ȼһü
ħԨһɼĻ𣬵Ǽ޵ľͷȴеĴȱ
ǣ̫ˡ
Ǵ㻯һ޲Tģû뵽һ治С
ȻڵııԵħħļ޶һ˿ζ
ԣ㲻ϴߣֻ֮µĴ𣬵һ˿̤ߵӡ޲TǲĶ֡
̫֣Լõ㻯ˡ
޲T˴򲻵ƽͷԣֿµĲСǿԸ
Ȼøħˡ
˼ھŻȻǵ漣ĵطȲ˵д̹ţ޲TҲҪˣô˺ͻ磬ԼƺҲпܵ飬ֻĽͬĵĽ߶һ漣漣еҲ漣
̫



1101 ǧһ
ͨڷ֮ص˽⣬
һУͬͬ߹档
ͬȲ˵ߵĵͬ涼ûС
˼ǣһдӿٵؿʼܵҲһ߷ɵ顣
ĺܲһѾľޡ
˿̵ĺ̫дǰ컯ˣйĴ̹š
߹ģ޲Ԥʾźĵ档
棬˵̫ڶ棬Ҳ˵ܱ棬ǲô˵ĵǳ˸硣
̫֪ǰԼܻ˵̣Եʡ
ɴ֮Ӻ̫ԪݣֻԼ΢СһҲȽҿһ
ԼܣѾ֮ǰԪˡһʶ
ɴһģһʶ
̹Źټϴ˿޲Tһ˿ߵӰӺѾ˵һС
ֻǴµɣĿǰԼ֧Ѿôںˡ
޲TдߵĻᣬ̫ԼԪݶǾԵ̫ˡ
˵޲T
ֻһɼµϢӣȻСܱŨħϢȴӵģһĻ档
ħϵĴмϸСӰӡ
Ҫı޲Tһ΢СϢѹ£ȻʼĻָ
ָֹɱĸо
ǲȾһϸСϢΧħȡ
ǾϸСϢʼѹ޾ħ˳תǡ
ˣ̫޲TΣնȹˡ
ƽͷԿĺܼʱ͸ɣ汻Ľܱˡ
̫û뿪ʶһħɴҲһջ
̫㿴޲TƼɵḶ́Ҳеá
΢΢
̫ĸȫӴԽ磬Ȼı仯и˵Ķ䡣
Լͨ޾磬ʱķøӵļ̡
Ȼиͷ̫С
Խǿҡ
˿˫ߣӷ֮صͽܣ˫ͨΨһ취Ȼû֤
ǣԴں컯ߣȲ˵Ľһֿͷĸо˵Щͽ˵ĺܶԡ
ǻȷеı֤
뵽̫һ󼤶ǣǱں߻ô
ͷʱ̫ޱȾ޴֡
һ뵽ˣѹƲ¡
ںϵĸ򣬲˵ģں߱ΪܴﵽŲ㼫ްɣ
̫ˣѹƲסļ
ں˺ӵһ㵽ĿǰĲ㣬Ǽںϻ磬أ
⣬ʮֵɺϣ֮صǰһһ磬һôΪ׼ĸо
˻˻
뵽̫е㺦¡
ԼܵһʶĻԭ˵һʶôԭ
չֻʶľޣΪסһʶ̫벻ͨ
ϻڴζǣͨסһʶľء
Ȳ˵ϼ
һʶʶչмޣԿʼ˼˼˵һɫ׵磬ݻĺɡ
֮鵮˴֮ӣȻŸ;Ŵ磬ԼƬ֮ء
ôָ̫оĵһʶΪ˰һԼ벻׵ľޣ˺ɵŸܱ䡣
ȻԼԼǵһʶôһʶ׼еһУΪԼ̺·
ʼĻâĽҿԼԪ顣
ٵ֮һʶԼܣԪֻһɡ
ôΪ˸Լ̺·һʶȻҪȥġ
Լ߳ɾΣôȥ˷֮ء
ⲻһ׶޵кǰġԼһʶԼµ
˵֮صͽĳЩͽӾԼ׼һ
Ӹղŵں뷨ȻѸ뵽ķ֮أ
̫һԤƣͷƤ顣
ġҵһ׶ĵھŻĿ֣ڶ׶ξ֮صͽǰԼڵԼ׼õĻԵ
ԽͷԽ̫е仯ˡ
ܷ֮صͽʲôвǱĻԵֹ̫
š
ȻһЦϡ

̫͵һ̫룬޲TѾɹˡ
̫ʱɢȥ뷨ȥú룬ȿ޲Tı仯
һüһ
Ԫ޼߲㣬ǺôĶ򣬺ôĻԵ̫̾
޲Tһ죬˲׷üֻصĲΡ
⻹ҪģҪħڿԽмħ
ħĽϣһˡ
޲Tջ
⣬̫ԼŬ˵ĸо
ĺܿ죬ʱԼ֮ǰĽҪ졣
֮һԼĴ׳˺ģĵ׳Ѹٽ
ǰ˳һ
Լֺһ˵
һһֱĽࡣ
֪ˣʼγ˶ԻĹʱ˵ߵܺ͹
ԼʮȻ󡭡ûȻˣγ˳˭֪Ĵ·
ٺԼ£ϺĲӽɵ׼ʥ˴·
ٺԼɾ޼󣬽ϴ߶ķչɵƽ
컯ԪԼԼĲʹ߶ġɾ޼Ҳˡ
⼸Լ߶Ĵһ˵档
Լ·ں·С
ûãҪתˣ޲TһҲ˼˵˵
ûкĽûԼӷ֮ش޲Tд˿̡
̫뻹ͦġ
еһּѹش޵дˣޱȼɹ˺󣬾ˮˡ

Цˣ޼߲ѣ˸ձ˴Ĳ𣿡̫һԹĻ޲TĴЦ
޲Tŵòᣬ뵽͵Լ
ϻ̫
ǲˣҪͦȥָһ£ڿ㻹Լͦ˹ȥһ˿ӰӣпɣҪŬ
̫޲T
ִͱӵ˵޲Tûκεŭ𣬷һежӡ
ԼղʲôԼ֪̫˵ģһҪ
ֻǣû뵽ԼΣյʱ̣Լ̫Լ޵϶
޲Tелֹ֣ԼΣʱ̴ԼľȻ̫
޲T벻̫ʧܣȻ˲޲Tм޲T֣صĶ̫һݡ
̫һ㶣ʲôƽͷ޲TȻˣ
ǺȻһ룬Ҳԡ
֮ǰֵıʱ̣Լǰĺοɡ
ˣȻûˡ
̫оܷ޲Tĵĸмܲˡ
İɣ޲TˣҲᱻܡһ˵ûκʱ֮ܲ˲ǰ·Σ֮ǰȷеƮ󲻻ˡ
޲TһļᶨЩĸı䲻С
ԼŰɡ
̫˵Ҳ޲Tı仯뿪ˡ
̫뿪޲T̫뿪ĵطοһ΢Ц
Ȼо̫ͦͦɰġ
϶ûԼôԼ
бԵʣô˵һһ룬̫Լ顣

̫ħԨ뿪󣬷ֱȥħ塢塢ȵȵط
ˡվ͡ϲᡣ
ΪƽЩ̫Ǵһϡ
̫֮Ŀ˿ʬΪ׵ķߣԼؾ
ߵĴսҪˡ
䱻ԼߵĴսȥ˺ܴķͷ뿪ߵɺ󣬺ְĿ
ʱ䣬ϴ֮ԼʼѾȥ˰ǧʱ䡣
ǧ꣬ǷߺؾսĿ
ѳ̫ܲ˲ϴķؾ˵ġơ͡£ָ˴ġ
ĵĻָѾĿá
ڷӪ̫˲ǰ֧Ԯĺ飬Щ鱻£˽
Ϊ˻ԵҲΪ˵ģ֮汻˲ˡ
ӪУһ঵ĸо
룬˵һۿʬһ̣̫һ˿
ʬ˵һ˿ڣҸ޾άʱա
һʥˣ̫ȻҪһ£һͷһ㡣
ָ̫֮һ㣬΢΢һЦ
ѪһСȫһΪãһúõǧ֮һȻŪôڰѪȡ
̫ϲ
˵ÿ춼޾ȥҲ޾
һôѸٽҲȲ϶෽ײǻۡ
̫̽һ¶߸߲㣬Ȼûкʬס
ǼѳԼ磬ȻԼ統
ֻԼģȴķ·
ֲӪ಻˵սԭôСѳŷͨⲻУⱾ𲻴Ӧ
ֵûʱʱ̿СĽģײĽô˽ԺĵĶԺ׳󲻺ð
ȻˣǵͷɡһǾͲĶˣžɽսʧܣܻСܡ
Ҫһǰô·ôѰҽĻԵ
뵽ˣ̫ǧĺһԵ
Ǵ򿪷ĵ·ڱĿǰɽķ߰ѳŷͨǿ޽ķ
̫еֻһ䣬ڿĵطǧķͨһ
һɽûоǧ飬Ǹս޵ĸֺ̫Һڵ飬ȻеһѹƵʧ
һռļޱһǰ·Ƿϣ⣬ԭֹĻиߵĲΡ
ĵطгһŵľһǣ޿ɽ޿Ϻȥߵ硣
ǧӰ̫ˡ
Ǻ߹򣬻־Ǹݹת
նϷ߰ѳֵͨkǲ̫kˡ
ˡ
ʱǷߴӪ
ķ߷֣ԼʧȥϵԼ֮ǰʱԷص磬ڶ˸ݡ
ԤʾԼȥѲͨԼ־ųˡ
ô
ô
ʱǾͻˡ
ȻŵʬԼķʧȥϵ
֮ǰֻǲܻ磬ڷϵжˣ
ô
˭ģ
ûؾսӪѾһ롣
Ȳ˵粻Լˣ˵Լĺ·ƺҲûˣ
زȥҪս˿ô죿



1102 ģ
ΪסҵķߣʬѸٵټȶġ
֪ʲôԭشҶ֪õǣеãδ֪ǣҪ׵ĺ飬Ҫնϴǰ׼𣿡
ʬȻҲԼͷʧȥϵʥ˱ԲѸٵȶ˻ҵԪ
ʬĻ󣬰ࡣ
ʬʥ˵ģһ飬һնǰΪһĻᡣ
Ȼ֣ǻôɹʶѡ
ʥ׼ˡ
˻Ӧ
ţ׼˾У޿ˣǲõһ棬ûоԣҲкõһ棬û·󣬿Էһˡʬ
ǣ˵

Ȱ£ʱѡ
ڻиҪǰЩãȻ˾Ͳȥ룬ؾһʤɡ
صʬеΣкȻʧˡ
ղŵľٶ˱İģһΣС
Σ˵ƺԼߵĴڶһλ֪˵ߴڣƺ¶ԼеΣѹƺԼҪô
ԱвѸٵȶģնС
ͨľٶδ֪ĴڿԼľġ
Ķˡ
ԼСУ˳Ȱ˺Σʧˡ

ʬ˿һ
ҿ϶ղն˭ƺҲûбˡ
ҵȣĪҪ̰𣿻ҵȵΪ谭˺ĵݻ
ʬ뵽
û˵ֻԼĦ
һᡭǵΪ谭ΪˣҲ谭˺ĵķչ˵kǡ
뵽ˣʬоԼһ
Ҫڱؾ߾սʹܵ𲻻ô׵ķŹǰɣ
ʬ֪Ϊ̫֮ǰûڲ
ǿԿ϶ôĳ̫ûбˡ
̫֮ǰһֱæŻͷ֮أǻʱ磬Ҫǽ۲죬ֲ̫ܻˡ
Ծˡ

һС

Ϊλ𳹵ʧˣ
һڰ֮أʬ磬һ硣
ɢһŨҵһɻصԹ
ǻµҵƺûй
˴սǣʬǴκȡıԴָԼ
ǰʥܹˡ
θףͱϵûˡ
û˱ϵıԴҲ֪ܴܲܳɱ
𵽵ôˡ
ҵѪȵѹһУ˳նɱев
˵ʧܴԼ˯
ֵһġ
˵Լεϴֹܹ˽ֵĳ֡
˵Լѵʱ̣߳˯ʱ̣͹ˡ
ʬ뵽ˣһκڰҡ
˽һ飬ǧڳɳΪﵽ벽ɵۣ̫ҽԲĻۣ֮ǰ£͸һ
ǰ벽ɵۣûв޵ĲΡ
ҪһսҲһսΪһٻ֮ǰĶгˡ
ٻ־ָǰһطһ߲εĴš
ڣˡ
һλصĴս
һȡ档
һΪԼöսĻۡ
ʬֻд޳ڣɵ۵ʵ۲Ǿһ߳ǿߣԽսһʬһʱսƽ֡
ŵʬ֣ԼҪնɱˡ
ȫǻ۵뵽һ취
˵Ц취֮ǰһֱصķͨ
˽磬ԷͨϤľƿصҩҲһֱС
ͨǸĲ
ֻҪ⻷ֵķΧڣֻҪǴ޲Σͨͻת£鴫͵Ͻ硣
û벻ȥ㷴ڵĻᡣ
ʬ뵽һ취ǰѻͨĹ⻷ڣȥϽ硣
һԼͰȫˣ˻ۣĿǰûвԼ
Ҳû벽ɵ۵ɵ۵һ
̫Ҿ̫ңʹ޵ĲܴҲļ̤޵ĻۣŸԼô鷳
ԡ
ʬսĻ۷֣ڰҵߴսȻԼΣҲĻԵ
ɵ۽֣ԼĴ̫ˡ
ⲻ֪ʬƣ¶޵Ĳͻ۽֣Ϊľû۽
Ȼͽͨвȥ
ڶġ
ȻʬܻԼûϵĻ۱֮ͨҲ
˵Ĵս硣
ڣսꡣ
Σ£Ҫһ
̫ҽ˴ޣҲǴ˽İ벽ɵ۳ɾɵۡ
ɵ۵ʵ˲࣬Ҳ˴˿̵ǿ
ôԼһֱԸҪʵˣնɱڰҵԴͷնɱɻĻ֡
ǣ
ˡ
۴߶Լɶʬһʱ
Ȼһ⻷ס

۶ʱˡ
ԼڲܿƵıһסƺҪԼȥһδ֪ĵط
ۣ͡ѸٵӳԼĻ
⣬ٻԼĴţĸǰԼĴš
Ųϵ󣬻ˣҪѹŵʬ˴ˡ
һʬϣƺ˵ңšܿơ
ǵģǱ̫֮ǰµĹǧķͨȫƿء
ٱ֮ǰķڲǧ磬ÿһͨᴣһ֮أǵĹʹһ۷ȥ𻯵
ۻûôͼطͨʬ

ֻһҽУ޷֮ĻС
ҪʬбɽʬһЩֶΣιҪɢˡ
ˣҲ˵Ĳᣬʬ׵˳˯Ҫָеʱˡ
οʬûϵǰ¡
⣬ƺ˿
ԼˣҪ뿪硣
ĻûԼ˵ĲᣬĺϢ
һԼ뿪ˣҲԼ簲һ
ಡ
⻷ǵĻۣڳʧǰ˼ҴҸһ
ûĸʧˡ

һʶָһ̣͵ظеǡ
ʱɢȫѹԷ⡣
ϾȻߣֺȻ˭֪ᷢʲô
Сѹ㣬ԣ˵ľ㡣
ȻһŮӵ
ȫգԼĿǰĵط
СϥܴУ㣬㣬С汿
ŮָŻ۵
ŮǷ׼ʥǷһصķ̨
ܼ򵥣ָС
ۺܻţǷкܶϥĿŮ˵Ľܴаɡ
Ҹɵ۵ĲΣԼƺΪ͵ģе˻۸оԼǿܶࡣ
ŮӣֱǿԼܲˣʲôΡ
˿ʱûΣҪ뺦Լƺ˵ʲôϻɡ
һʬɽѪһսһڰΪ飬Ѿγ˹Ե˼ά˼άǲκˣİˡ
ƺȻĹ͵ϣܸοѹԼġ
ŮӲƵĿУѡ˽ܴС
¡
ֻһɫʥϢǡ
𺳵Ļ۽νĴС
ŵ֣ԭԼǰ磬ֻǧ֮һ
Լһܴеģǧǿ֡
۵һηֵֹôߵĵطļ޺ģ
⣬иִУܶĲ⣬ҲޱȾ޴𺳡
ڡ
нˡ
վĿʧ
ݴУﲻκεΣգ򿪱ٵ𻯵û˸ڴ˱ҡ

ôȻˣöС
˭˵أ˭뵽ѵͷҪؾսԭ򡣡
֪㣬ЩСߡ
š
ش˵鴫Ľ̸
⼸λԶɵۣԣӦý׼ʥǿߣεĸ֡
ݴУ׼ʥмʮˡ
ԼɵۣǴ˽νĴ޽ɣ˵ˣ̫ࡣ
˵ءţ鶼֪ж٣п޵Ĵڣ޹ؽҪ
̸۵ߺܶ࣬룺ǧ磬ҲԼһͨƿˡ
һҪһ㣬ԼĴУԼйߣʬɵۡ
˾ǺڰҵĻ֣Ҳ֮ǰԼսı
ڷ֣Լĳҵˣԭ
ǲ֪ʬʲôΪˣ
ôߵ磬ŨĳԣгʶͱԴ
ôŨıԴʬѾ׼ʥ˰ɣ
Լմ޶ѣҪСĵ㡣
Ҳ̫⡣
ΪԲ磬Ҹ̫ˣʬԼ˵ܿ£ɶ֮˵׼ʥ϶ѡ
ԼֻҪ͵һʱ䣬Լʬ
ߵ磬նɱʬһԼӲ׷ȥߵġ

˰Ӧе󡭡
۱֪ͨ
뿪𻯵ˡ
𻯵ûϵˣҪԼȥ
۰ĳҲһнȵİꡣ
߳ʱҪչһµó̡



1103 𺳣
߳𻯵ۿǰ硣
˵һλܴ𻯵Ҳλ˿١
̫ߵԵʣС鲻ɳܣԴһ֪⡣
Ũ磬˺嫵磬Բһ鿪٣лۺ𺳡
ƶзѡ
ʱֻһ˹
λз˻ʶһУ˵Ҳǿһ
ǿ̶ȣ𻯵˵ľȡעָǣ𻯵ĹԱǽС
з˸Ǵ޽ԲĲΣӴûãǰСѹƾʧˡ
ڽ𻯵ʮ󣬾ͳɾ˵ΣֻΪһЩԵʣûме
⣬˿̵𻯵У׼ʥնʬͻԪɵķ򶼻ᴫС
Ҳ˵ǴУֻ˵ָ
·һնʬһǻԪɷĸ
з˾һУǿһ
зûѡնʬѡ˷Ԫɵ·
ʵԷĸ̫ǿˡ
𻯵Ľ֪֮ǰֻһܺͺз
˾û۸еǵʬ
зǵڶ롰׼ʥĵڶ
⣬˵ʬնʬɾ׼ʥз˸ףС͸˼Ԫɵķ
ѣƶƶʯĵˡ
ۣҲʯģе㲻ϰߵĻӦ
ƺƶҸ˳ƺʯģܲϰߡ
ǺзûпΪʯĵ粻ϰֵŵĳƺء
ԭʯĵѡзֵ
зֵҹ۵˻ǣ˵Ϊǳǰ;
ʯһû뵽зԼôȡ
˵Լֵĺܵ͵ΪΪܵ͵Եʣ˶Լύ
û뵽зȻύԼôԼ
ʯһ룺зô׽ң
ʯûбֳǵѣ¡ƶֵһᣬǺзѸ䶯𻯵Ľǰ˵ĳɾͱȻ
ǺǣЩƶǲ⡣ʵƶͨûҵıһзżĻԵнĳɾ͡
зȻǻҳһʯ˵˺ܶࡣ
ʯĸˣԼзעˣôô׽Լ

ʯĵǲǺƶΪζ˵ЩзȻˡ

ʯһ㶣ȷǡ

зЦƽ⣬ǰƽҲ̫ͨ͸ǽ˴к֪ƽһִƽͺгԵʣƶһЩرĸӦ㡣
ңʯˡ
룺ôˣҲ޳ڣ̸ͶҪ׼ʥſɴľ
ԣѾ͵ƶ˵ЦɡƶоӦ߷Ԫ֮֮Լܲһɳ־ƶƽ֮˴ܴ󡭡
зܳϿҵĶʯĽ
ʯĶˣԼ׼ʥأ㾹Ȼ˵ĪҪնʬ߷Ԫ֮·
˵ʲôоҳ־һתһеĵϣ˵Щ
Ҵǰһߣ˵⣬˲
зֵ
֪Ѻ˵Щûϵڵ벻ף׵ġȻҪǵϣ˽ͷ׵ľ񡣡
з˼зͨгƽⷽܺгƶϲĻĵѣˣߣ
зòƶԳʯ鿴
˶ȡ籾ԴȡһֲԼ˽гɾͣע߲㣬ԲĺģҰĶͷ֡
һͨĻʯĪз
ʯĵѣʹ˱ɽСȻƶҲܼ򵥣õѶɽУҺз˵вƽңﲻгҾͻڡ
ʹ˱
ಡ
зˡ
˺þʯĻûӦҪһзʲô˼
ͷʼ
һз˵Լ߷֮·֮
ڶз˵Լ˽ףĻ飬׽ԼĵڶĿģһĿԼֳ־
зţƺעһԼûСе񰡣޾֣зĵ
ģзԼĵƽг֮òһػʹ󰮵ĸоǴдĸ˸Լĸо
壬з˵̫˽гɾͣԲĺģĻ˽ͷײͨߵ·

һ˳ʯòŪһз˼
˶ԼޱȵţΪԵʣ˺ļֱˮΪƽԲ޽
ôˣ
Լ˵ԼҪҪ˵ĶԲԣ
Լ߷֮·֮
Ǹֵˡʯҡҡͷ
˳˻һĿЦ̫Īˣôһˡ
ҲգȻзţֱȥɽ硣Ҳԣȷȫ㣬û˼ݣĵɽ磬ҵļ԰֪Σһܰȥɽ硣
ʯľԼҲȥɽ磬ǸӦȥĵط
Դͷʶ޾飬嫺ĵߴ
ʯĺָܿͥУʮ죬ÿһԼҪǿ
ɣͥʯĺ𺳡
ûú󣬾˴̨Ŀռ䡣
ʶ˲ϴɽ֣Ҳȥɽ顣
ʲôУȵĿһ֤ʥˡ
µǣһȻԲѵĸʥ˽ֹء
ǿļԣǾк̨𣿡ʯ뵽
⼦ǾǷ֮ˣֻܸźĽºǿҲ̫ҽɵĲΣԼ͡
ǣ͸ҸʥԴǵĽֻ˵ǿ
ⲻǿòƻܴ顣
ֵֻʯʱǾһһգʾʯĵ·һ
ףСȻǷߣǸãֻ޵ĲΣҲȥɽ磬ôĵӰ
Ǿʯ˵ġ
˵ʯĻţ֪ĻΪԼǰǸʥˡ
͸̫Ҳεļô˵ޡ
Ǵ󵨣ǵڶˣǰһзˣüһǺзʶɣʥһգֱ磬Ȼٵĵˣϲʶ
ǾǸ죬ʯĵĸо
һ𺳣зѾȻˣǺˣ
ҳƵ棬һǸɣ
ңʶʯĵ
Ȼʶ㲻֪ǵ潵٣˵λǰˡüһгƽ֮ұԴСܵġ˵ʲôһۺԻʲôģ֮ǾҲˡ
ǣзʯĸʲôһԻʲô֮ˡ
ܹǣзѡ
޷͵εȴڣзԵˣ˵ˣԶµĹŵӡԺзҲãȴû棬ϲзܸûɡ
Ǿ˵һͨʯĸˡ
ʲôʲô
Լ
Һõǣзû£ƺǰΪŵӡ
ͺãзԼʶĵһѡ
СǷߵĻԵˣҪ٣ǳ׳ΪĻԵˣҲͺһˣˡ
ǾֵǷߵˣڴؾսͷһʬļһ֮ǰķĴ֮һ
ʯ͵һ
ʬһȻؾս
ѵԼĴڣ
ؾʲô
ˣôޣôϽȥȥɽ磬ĪҪұǾĹȥȥȥ
֪ĸ񾭴ˣǾȻʯ
ղŵĻʯʵһ
飬˵ʲôģ˵ߺؾģԼʲô£
ңҡʯģ
ˣȥɣôǾʯĵãȻ
ʯĴˣ񾭲⼦
ǣ
Ǿ˵ģؼŵòᡣ
Ȼѹû׾˼ɼؼץסˣؼʬһɽҲǸ
˴ս
Ȼ쵰ﶼͣߵıҾͳģ
ԼҪҪҸ˰ʬٱˣ
Ǿٱ˭
ˣٱзѲзʲôĵӡ
һǿٱзѣǾٱ
ʯľˣȥɽ翴ʬĲȣԼвܴԼͰٱˡ
ã͵ģʯһ߽˴Խš
Ǵȥɽ磬ϴλԼӼ԰ء
ţ֪ɽʲôԼ
Լ׻ʲôأʯĸоԼʶʧˣʯ뷨

ģá
Сһ𣿿
Ȼ
һЦʯľˡ
æͣ˶֣ԼûԼǰһҾ御Ůӣ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ȻŮӣ
ҺǿԼ֪ôľͱȻˣҪŮӲ뺦ԼԼѾ

һջЦʯҡҷ
꣡
Сһ˷̨ʥˣɽָߣ
¡
뷢˲䣡
ޱߵȻʧˣǰĻʲôջǰŮӳֳһׯϺ嫵ʣ͸ղޱߵȻޡ
ݣݼʥˣݼˡ
ʯһͷ亹ˣԼǱˡˡ
ԼѾɽ硣



1104 һ
ʯģʶзˣӦͬ׷߰ɣĻָɫʵ
ںεأǰĺʥҲϷŪʯĺ󣬺ʥѯ˺з˵
ʯƺǰʥϷŪԼԭ򣬻Ϊзѡ
ʥˣȷзͬ׷Ҳʶзʳڣܴ˽Ĳࡣ
Ŷ֮Ҳһδѣ˺ʱǷʬѴĴսЩĺˡ
⻰Ǿ˵ĽȻͬʯĺã
ôòǣʬһ£ǶԼַ˵ĺ£ô˵Լմˣ
ʥˣ⣬֪սʯĵ
Ҳգʥ˵һ´սԵɣԱʥ˵һºзܣǵͬʥ׬ñˡ
ĵģȻССҲǺĵ磬չ飬ԭĺ飬˺ͻԵĶԱǱȲϵġľݱ䣬һ˥ʱµʱһתʱУ£Σ£µԼı仯޹أпޣҲӦôڵļֵԣÿʱʱĽӣą̊́۳еĺģһһģֻԼ̨ʱǷߵĻԵˡʬĴ£Ƿ߽ҪؾսǲǺսΣգǺǣǱʥղ˵ģûдڸвֵһᡭ

ȻڣģǺȫ;塣
һ̣ں˵ʯĲ˾ĺ硣
ԭ˿̵ĺĻ
һֱ𣬱ӣ֮ǰڻҵĴڣп޵Ĵڡ
һķߣ˵ʬķߣڿѵһԼò׬˱ˡ
תԼַ߽ԭ飬еͬĻᡣ
˵˵Ժз˽⡣˵ʵ
ʯĸоԼ׬ˣû뵽С籯˰ĺĺˡ
һ˿־͸˺ĵݱ͹Լ̽궼Ҫ
ܶԼǰᡣ
ʲôǿʲôǿʲôطΣʲôǻԵȵȡ
Ȼʥ˲صǷߣԼתˣһĺУСƬҲǴʱתµıʡ
˽һС֣չȫ档
˵׬ˣʥ˶Լ˵ЩԼĿǰܡ
ʥģзԷڲǰɽ磬Ǿ˵͵𡭡ʲôһԻȵȣҲף֪Щ
һԻһ㶣ôܣôܳСУƽг򣬹ֲñΪŵӣԭ𣿡
ʯ
Сʥ⣬߰ɣɽΣޣͬԵޣʥܿ㣬ϣ´μĻᣬȥɡ
ĶʯĵĻش⣬˻뿪ˡ
ǣлʥָ㣬һǿĻȥʯļᶨ
ã־ϣˡмǣ֮ǰҫͷʼĪҪΪ֮ǰĳɾʧҲĪҪΪԼĿǰΪСĵΣȫĲ֮ˣͬĵĻԵȫץס᲻֮ˡ
ֵ㣬Ϊ֮ɡ
ǣʯĹĶԺһݡ
ܾû˶ԼôˣԼĺˣָоΥˣ뵽һ
߳˷̨ʯ
ʯ뿪ĵû̫⣬˵ʯĵĺܲҼͲΣԸҲ
Ǻ˶ȥˣʯĸǿĶ
һջûϸСѣǲֵע⡣
֮Զָ㣬޷ηߺаԣһ䶯ĵĺз˶ѡ
⣬ܺͺзһעͬײ򵥣ҲǺ͵һʬġһεġ
Сֵָ㣬µ顣
ʯߺ󣬺һ˼
һ֣Ȼ֮ǰһ𣿴Ҫ٣֮ǰһҲˣ
ֲñôأ֮ǰϵĲԲΪľƽһзǺ͵һУƽ֮
ֻ벻ףΪλõ٣𻹻һ
ľȵ̫٣̫ӵûС
⻹ǵһ

һߣ
̫еźĿźѺзˣԼˣ̫Ҳӣ°ɡ
ʱԼõʱǲԼĵû𣬵ʱǺ⿴зԼ¡
ȻһݻѣĹȻ氡
̫һ̫ߣҲ𺳣Ǵӷ̫Ҫָȥڤ
ڤ̫Ҫһ˲ȥʥ˶Ҫȡ̫ͬ⣬֮ȡͬ⣬̫Լȥɣ֤ƻڤſɡ
ȷ棬û뵽С磬֮ǰûȻǶһȥһ̫
νһ˵ĺз
֮ǰ˳һǴ֮ǰεεԻ
ƽⷨҲԽһɱ
õʮȥһзǶȥһ
֮ǰԲϵһʮ
ʮ壬ģǧԴͷߡ
ڶȥһ֣ҵԲҲԲҪ
ֱһ㡣
һǴһһɱΪߵһΣһѰ٣ףݵ
εһΪε㡣
㲻˵ûɱûɱҲںϽԲĴ
һǶֻһ
㲻˵ûˣǴ޿ܡ
ǧ򻯣˶һһԲԲһ˿ȱڵ
ʱȱݵһ˿Եٵܡ
٣ûй̶٣һж;ͷ޿ܲٹ̶Ƕ
νĶ˶ʣǧ򻯡
̫ҪѺзµԭΪ˷ųĴԽ׼ġ
̫Ȼʱ޿̵ĹעЩԽߣʱԲ̻Խ߽ı仯
Щ仯Ǻõģ̫ĸСЩǲõģ̫˵ջ񲻴
Խ߸ָĶУģҲСгɾ;Ϳʼ˼ȡġ
̫ųЩ㣬Ϊ˽ˮ˶䣬ɲΪǵùҹĻ
˵ϵͳв޲ܴ󣬾޴˻Ҫ
Щ֣£ŮԺ󹬣ɱеевģ磬˥ܡ
ĥôɵϵͳ
ʲôУŪ̫
ܲĨɱѰ˰ɣ
Ĩɱ˾ʹ֮ǰΪˣ̫˷ѡ
ЩԽֵ߲Ǯǽ˱仯ֵǮ
ɱˣ֮ǰ˹켣̫˷ѡ
̫ʱʱ̶Ųš
̫ҪܽᣬΪȥһ
ˣзĳֺܹؼһ̫Ҫˡ
С綼ǲԲ磬ĶԶ
з˾ЩԽ֣ѺзƽⷨӽԼʱԲУƽȥԼţòˡ
һһ쵰ԽߣŪĲƽ⣬С翪ʼ˥ƫǺзʱ̡
ο⻹˵ĸ
ЩԽߵĻ쵰Ϊ̫Ӱĸ
̫ļƻ̲֮Ļ硢ȣҪһ˰ƽ⡣
зĶһԲܾȥκС硣Ȼǰȥˡ
СҲзƽĽ룬޴ı仯
֮зһ̫кô̫Ҳ뿴зСδ֪仯Լжջ񣬾ʵĿġ
ʲô̫һƿأʲôźˣʵûкôżȻԣûżȻԾи
̫˲ü⣬ɴԽڵԭ
ľ̫໹粻ţ㶼ı仯ôżȻĸ
̫ĻĴ֣ҪԽߵūǵ㡣
̫ϵͳĲͬ
̫Ҫһֱ·ϵı仯Ҫ

̫˼ӣʵѣǺ޼ѣôҪСҺ᲻ɣ
ûָ׵ǣһ㣬֮ⶼ
ǱĲͬʲôҪĶҪ֮ǰı࣬ʴˡ̫ĵ
⻰˵һΡ
̫̾ĲҪ룺㲻Ҫô˵Ҫô˵ˣװʲôƣ˭˽˭޵У㵱Ȼ̹ȻˣҪǲôǿʴȸҿ
ȿȣѹȻʴȵĺܡ
оԼ̫Ըһᶼܡ
ֱӵѣƶȥڤһУϣѴӦ
ȥ
̫ѣ˽ĺģƶ½ʧȥڤ˽ĺġ˳һ·һ·ָǣƶֻ֤˵֣вȫԽƶ
Ǳ̼ˣ̫Ц
ߣֶҲѣƶûб̼οԼԼףڵһʺߵ
˵ʵ汻̼ˡ˵ģûг׻ָǣò˵ǵ´©
ĽʲôľϵģԼֻҪ磬Լǻָо޴ĺô
ʱҸͷԼˡ
ɣʵ⿴һѡȥɡ
̫һƳ֣
л󣬶˵뿪ˡ
𲻴̫ýӴԼǲȫʱ̡
ֱأ



1105 Ҹ᣿
ڷ֮ء
һķɻ쳾ŵһ
ǵھŻУͬǴǰĻ磬һ׳Ļ磬򲻻ᱻ֮֡ǰ񣬾Ǳնɱڣ⣬ѾھŻ̫С
ŵһɻͺ쳾úϸ
ǴǵĿпһ˿Ŀ־壬еֻ޵ڴ
Ҳǣһ֮ˣƺûʲôԿ־ġ
ɻǰŮĵΪ
ǵģҪı
νġ質ҡ쳾
ӣҲҪıԵϡ
һֵԣǽгΣҪǡ
˵ꡣ
һǰÿǣ֮زںһߣǶһҲûκϣķ֮أκεΣգҺ쳾һҪȥ
쳾ŭ
ĻǾԲġ
ǰҲǣڵھŻ磬ҲԹ޻ڡɻ
ã˱ûʲô˵ˡһȻ
ֻһתȻǹȥҪ۵ģ𲻿ǹȥ
ǰҪʲôֻ˵ǡ쳾
ǵң˵ĻûҪĲǴ˿̵ĴۣǽĴۡһ
ǰֱ˵ɡɻ
һʼ˳Ĭ
һζıѣѾѧˣܼһĹεļһȥ
ڷ֮أԼƿأڵھŻԼûа취ô
ԱҪпǵֶΡ
ƿǵıԴǰ̫
ٺ̫һľ档
ɻ˵Լ̫Զƿһ˿ԪԼҲ
ǾݵҲǿסɻ
Ǻ쳾һġ
쳾ô˵Ĳ㣬
ݵûȫİտס쳾οδ֪Ҳ͸
Ҳ˵ҲǱһԵ̬ġ
ҲǴǰ̫˵𽻳һֱԴʹӦԭΪʹˣ˵ھŻ̫
ֻû뵽̫ͺ߹ĹϵôãֱӰѹƿǵıԴ˺߹
߹ĺ嫣ƿǡ
һҪǴŲ̫ȵ뷨˿̾Ͱͽȥ
̫Ĳճŵˡ
꣬һһ㵽Ĳ㣬˫ͬޣܿ¡
ԣðնҪһԡ
뵽ˣһһֱԴҲſǽȥ
⣿ɻͺ쳾ˣû뵽ĸ
ǰȻǿ󣬵Ҳ֪˱ԴΪٿ˵ǵ֮Σɲ޼Լʥˣ޾ΪĻ֣Բģаղٿ֮Ĳ𣿡
쳾ʵ
⻰꣬һߵķɻеţ쳾Ĳ㣬һ˲㣬Ҳ˵ݵ󣬿ȫƿغ쳾ġ
ԼһԼֻе֮㣬һԼƺпܰ
𲻸ұ֤˵һնûСһԤϵĹ
˶ɻˡ
ɻ˵ʵڶģѹǡˣҵĿľʹﵽʧܣ͵ƴˡһѶѡ
һʵ˵
˵Ȳ˵͵ôġ
ɻͺ쳾ˡ
һҲڶĲԼ
ú棬ΪԱ̫вѱƿرֵһᡣҸں̫ǳƿò󣬰Ҷ̫⣬ǾҵƿҲ̫أֻҪɵʱôѡһĿȻһ
￴ó̫Ĵ̼̫ˣеĸо
ǺǿڵҲ
˵һ㶼ûӰ죬Ҳеģֻǲѡ
ǣһ˿ķرγǵӰԭ
ôִŵĺ̫Եף˶ԵھŻĿҲеرͷء
ɻͺ쳾ˡ
ҲˣһԼ˻ԭ
ȻԼ˵в̫󡣵ǣûôǰᣬд˿̵Ļᡣ
ȻϸҲԡ
ԼûгѵһƿأԵһ˵òˡ
ǳƿأһ˵ģ̫ܺԼ˳ΪѲɣ
ܵģյһ̫ϲκ𺦺ĺͻ硣
ԼȥҪĻָԴ͵ģ𺦻׳Լǰ£̫ìѾע
Լ˵һƿأȻٽ̫ƿԼ̫ܺɲ˵ˣΪ̫߹
˵ʵڵģҪǵȫ״̬ܻľ档
Ǹ߳ǻ۵£Լ̫ûв̫նɱǣǿܻΪȥһ߹
ǲȫȥ˵ھŻ磬һɵľǰ̫Ȼ޼ɵɻıԴ
ˣ͸Ҫ˵ǵġ
ǽ治ǣܵĻָԼģܡǡ
Ҫ˵Ƿӡ
˶һۣƺûѡ
Ȼһ𶼸ҶģԼʲôҵġ
ǰǴӦˡͬ
áһƺûоϲ
֮˺ʹĽһ˿Դһƿˡ
ѹ˵ıԴ󣬵һе㲻ɻıԴû⣬쳾Ĳѹư
⻹Ƿ֮أҪȥ˵ھŻܻ˵
ɼϲòʱ򻹿ôçˡ
ڡ
ΣͿ飬ڵһ͵£оյİѷɻͺ쳾˴С
ȻȻ˷ܡ
쳾ĲĶܹȥԼЩ˻Զ
ȻҲ̫š
ϾӺ쳾ƴŰѺ쳾ͷɻͽȥġ
ϵʱʱ˭Լأ
ʱֻܿԼŬԼһԵѣɾѶȼαඡ

ʦΣ𽹼ʡ
ڱУɻͺ쳾δھŻ绹˵Ҫȵȡһ
ʱķɻͺ쳾ڴݵճһ𻹲˵ܲܳײٿˡ
ڣ
¡
ת
ڵھŻУǱӰˡ
һֻʣ°ӣһʧȥһȡ
Ǳݵķ֮ɵģʣ°ӵǷɻȥһȵǺ쳾

ء
˼ķ֣ȹЩɥĺһԴŨ֮ء
ǴЦ֮ʼ
ǵھŻ磿
ǻˡ

һХˣ׵ļˡ
˵Ľ룬̫µĺַˡ
ڶʱ̫ͷ˶Ľ룬ӣ̫ܲš
һأͱ̫˺ֶܶΡ
սͽ޷͵ںϵģ֮ǰӣ̫׼ĸࡣ
磬һ룬δ̫̫ˡ
ʵһκ󣬸ûʲôԵıɵӡ
Ƿɻͺ쳾ǲȫҲ֪Լһᱻ̫֡
һ㣬һ𶼽ˡ
Լ֣ܡ
˲ǿʼ
䡪
ֻȥһȵĺ쳾һ죬֮Ѫ
˼һǰˡ
쳾ȥޱȵǱɹˡ
û󣬾ʵԼܲܳѵһƿأɹˡ
ݺճӵһٿز
ڷɻȴûУԼչ˺ܶ࣬˲һ

̫ѳɣ֪㷢ˣҳ˵һƿأǿ̸̸Ӧ㣬նɱ˷ɻΣ̫ѣ
䡪
ûʲôıı
ѵһƿغ쳾ܵȥɻ磬硣
ɺϵǣһΣ˲
ΣıܸΣ뵽̫Σѹס˱ܵʹ
ಣ
Ȼ
εĺ̫ˡ
ǣµҲˡ
̫ɻȵ
ֻ̫ճ֣ɻͳˡ
̫˼ĻᣬҲãĺ쳾
쳾һɻȻôҪĺ̫ɱһ佻̸ûУ
ˡ
̫ã쳾Ҳã
쳾ã˼ѵǲٿطɻĵһ𣬷ֱƿأԲٿŷɻƵĺ̫ƴ
ǣ뵽ԣһ𲻻ô޴ɣ˵Լƿغ󣬴̼˷ɻԼĻĵһ𣿡
벻׵ĺ쳾ȴ˺Զ뿪ս
ʱףɷɻ̫սɣ˳㿴̫ǶԼõһ档
̫Ҳư
뵽ǵһٿؿշɻҲô޴ɣ·ҪԼһµģ˵˵Լأ
ʲôѵһôǿѷɻٿصףԺ쳾ѱֱӺԼơ
̫ܴҲȻŪԺˡ
Ҹˡ
̫Ҫº֣㾡ɻֻ
¡
ֻһ졣
ɻдֱӱըˣֻʣ°Դ
ùĵһ𡣡Դķɻ𣬲дһѪܵ˵
ȥʮֵˡ
̫ĪҪ֣˵ں쳾ѵһƿغҾֻ֪һ·Һãҵһ˿Դһѹ˿̵ļƻûһ˿ԴѹҶܵĺжԣʮɵĸʱնɱһ˿Դѹ±Դȫң˵˼ƻûҾǴһ䡭һֺηֻѸҸᣬҿת
ֻǰԴĽ̫ˡ
ɻΪԴһѹһ˿Դͺ쳾һѣô³ֻһڵһĲٿºԼжԣԼԼ̸н
ְԼ˽һΪɻҪ˷ľ
ǣԼյڵһôԼ̸еʱж
һ̸ֱжûˡ
һô죿
λһ£Ǳ쳾ˣɻôֱӲĺ̫սΨһľǿŷɻ
ǿûãɻǲҪĺ̫ս
һֻѹһǷɻԼƴѣ˷ɻȻըľ档
棬ߵĽ·ɻıը
ҲпǣһɻѾƿأһıԴ
̫û֣ɻֻʣ°Դˡ
Դ̫ҪĻᡣ
ֱһ벻Ĵս
ɻԸһƿأɻΨһ³ǳ
ôһѺȻıˣһΪˡ
ǣȴ̫Ļᡣ
ôɺϺ⣬̫ˡ
쳾Ҳˣĵúݵĵ

̫ѣû˺κһ飬Ҹ᣿
һͱˣڷ֮һɼȻĻᣬҲһ۵ȥ㣬Ҹᡣ
̫Ĭˡ



1106 װ̫գ
̫Ĭˣˡ
ˣǸղźܴ˿սĺ쳾
һ˼òĿǰľ棬Լһֲ߻ġ
Լ˵һƿأԼĺ̫˵ϸɵ

ɻһϵеĲĿǰ档
ҪܻصʱԼôôףϷɻ̸̫ܺһ
͵һϣõĺô
֮ôںá
ɻˣ̫һ·ôԼأ͵һַˣѷɻҲԼȡĹˣԼҪһ̫ˡ
̫ˣҲʮֵΡ
ΪԼռû뵽һϵвԼ˴˿̵״̬
̫һ˼˾
ɻھŻʧС֪֮ıһ̵ķɻȻһͷ­ĵѾ
˼ǣɻתһǷˡ
ȥתİͷ­Ҳı
ɻ˵ģû˺κһ飬ƺԼûжٵĳޡ
ڷ֮ص̫֪ͨˡ
һˣҲһֵÿˡ
ȻȻûκεвǾԸɡ
ãӦˡ
̫˵

л̫ѣлѡ
ɻԼĶˡ
ַһĶˡ
̫Ȼ˾Ҳԥֻ˰ͷ­
ţɻ̫ţһ̫ûвӦԭ
⣬ɻҲһԵĺ쳾
̫ѷɻſεĺ쳾
ߡ̫Ҳ˽⣬Ĳ㣬֮ʮԼһĲΡ
Լ˫ͬޣںϴ˻ĵ
쳾Ȳ˵ˣ۷״̬̫޾塣
̫Ŀ˶˶Ŀ
̫а쳾̹ź߹ûٻ
εĺ쳾̫Ļ
ߣ̫ĪҪôǿ쳾
ˣûأֻ·ҪôҪô𡣡̫
֮ǰѾ̡̫
ڲǰƺ˷֮ص𣬿ԼĻԵ
˵ʵ̫Щηûˡ
˵쳾𣬾ǵһڶ磬̫Ѿǡ
˵ʮ쳾
ת̫뷨иĹۡ
쳾ҺԼ̸Ͳˡ
ÿΪ㲻ɣ쳾ŭˡ
ãǲпĵ
ߣ̫һߡ
ûжЭ뷨Ȼ쳾ûаĻᣬǾɡ
ֻ˵𣬲Ǻõ
䡪
̫ˣ̫ʱԲ̵ȫԸ
쳾ˣ
ǻһ㯣ƺԼĲһ
ڵ֪̫ΪԼֻҪ̫ܳܵĴۣ̫ӦûԼġ
ǲ԰
̫ôԼһԲϾͿ
㣿쳾еš
̫Ĺ㿶
˺˫ߵںϣսޱȵĲңԵ̫ˡ
һˣһܺںϣһǶԲеļһ̫սʤס
ɱԭǰ˵ˣǿںϵ
նɱһںϵ𣬾һһԴԴ֧֣նɱԵʡ
ûк͵ںϣȫԼ֮ӵܱ֮Ѹĵģûںϵļӳ֣նɱܼ򵥡
ԣ̫ȫԸĳ֣־ĺ쳾
ܿ죬쳾;ƿˡ
ס̫ңҳԸ⳼
ߵõĺ쳾ˣ̫̫ǿǿĿ¡
ߣ߻Ķͷ˾Ƶķ֣ûκεİ취
Դֱ̫ӵ
⣬⣿
ãȻǾɡ
ҽҽ쳾ˡ
ֻ˱Դǰ̫ѹһЧ
ʱֻ̫ıԴѹˣкߵļӳֱ֣Ҫ̫ס
ʶ࣬ôˡ̫Ȼ
ʲô쳾һ㶡
Լʲô̫ˣҪɱԼ
㣬޳ܣ
͡
䡪
ֻһ죬̫£߹˺쳾ıԴ
Ҫˣ쳾̫ɱˡ
û޳ܣǿɱ㡣
̫˿ڸ㶨ˡ
𿴸ղԼͣѹĺ쳾һ취ûС
˵Լ֮Σ
쳾˵̫ˣںϵԼſɱ
֮Ϊ쳾̫Ҳ
ȻѾףЩͽܶԼĻԵ̫㣬ɻ󶼲
⣬쳾л鱦飬
һҪǽָˣĻ鱦ѶԸ˺á
򣡡
ֻ̫̫ʱԲ˲֣һѹ飬һס˺쳾Ԫ顣
Ԫں쳾֮εĵ֣ޱȵԪǸںϣһ޼Ųĸ֡
̫ûˣԼˣ֣о޴Ĵ߶
ںɲˣ̫ɲ¡
Ȳ˵׾٣
ΪԭĺôһС
֮ǰڶҵһ̫˵̫Ϊ߷ܹ
˵ˣ֮ǰĶ񣬶ûб̫ƣԱˣһ˿û£̫û취
쳾һ˭ĵĽ˱Դѹء
ŵֻԪ֣ǶԱʲôû¡
е壬һʧȥ˵Ļ鱦ѱѹ
ҲѲס̫
̫˵ʴ£Ⱥ쳾ģߵĶͷ˾޷ܾġ
㣬̫һʱ󣬼򵥵һ鱦

̫˿ջ
ܽһ֣
ôɹҲ⵼µģû뵽ô˳˳ľǰźõġ
̫ţЩͽԼĻԵ
ôͣ˵ͨ
ÿͽԼо޴ջ񣬸оԼĿһ
һȻʱû취ÿΰƵĺܣҲǣָԼͻԵˡ
ڶԼӴ࣬ԼҲûԿ̫֪ΪԼԵʣڶͳԿˣˣɧ
˵ǰ𶼱̫ƣ˵ˡ
쳾Ͷ̫նɱˣõԪ飬ԼƵìͶ
Լɻ̫ţƺҲܲҡ
һͨܽᣬͽܲˡ
һ̫һ
϶ָôĻԵ֪θ룿̫뵽

ڷ֮ء

ֻһŭ
ŵɪɪһû˵ǴŭӵóƺһǰֳԿˡ
̫㲻úú
һйɫĵһĻָ
ʼ쳾ƿأͺƣɽŷɻɧֱӷˡ
ںĺ̫Ӳ
ŭĵһֱ˱ѹķɻԴǷɻĪըԭ
ǣȻըˣȴҲɻƿˡ
ƿغ󣬷ɻ̫ˣͽˡ
֮󣬺쳾Ҳ̫ɱ
ͷһ񣬵һܲ
Լӻʱݺ޵У˷֮أ˵ʼйΣɲú޵ˡ
һܹôʧܣԴ̫֣ʧܵĴȽۺࡣ
ǰʦ͵Сĵһ䣬Ҳġ
ߣʧˣɻͺ쳾ȫ̫նɱˣˡһȻ˵ˡ
Ϊġ
Լʧܣõ͵ܵӰ졣
Ҳ֪ʲô˵̫նɱ
һΰȫ̫
̫
̫
͵ŭˡ
ʧˣֱ̫ɹˣôô˳
̫ǲǾǵĿǡ

ǰǸô죿ʵ
ûãҪ롣һеãˡ
ʮķɻˣʮĶˣʮĺ쳾Ҳˡ
ھŵ𣬵ʮһ̫߹
Ѿӵĺ֮һʮѾ̫ˡ
ǵڰԼĵӣ𣬵
ҵģֻеڰ˲𣬺͵
ɲһǵ֮㣬һǵ֮㡣
ˣԼû취ȥġ
˵ֻǿȥ󣬲ܱ
ԼǰƴˣӦôǵͷɻͺ쳾ȥġ
Ѿ˶ʧܣԼȻַ˴
ôˣΪôǵķѵĵ˥ѾʼӰˣһ뵽
һû˵
ʦҪҪҲ
˵˵Ŀһûа취ֻӵĻش
ӾǼ̫ͣһΡ
޴ǾǰѲǹȥ𣿡һŭ
ǰҪһ뷨ˡȻ
˵˵
ǣǲܹΪԼѾԶԵھŻռˡǰܹɣĿǰʣеѣͬ취
һѣֱӸıǰĿ˵
ʲôУôܶԱ˵ܡûӵֱӷ
ǵһȴĬˡ
ˣȲžú˵ɡһһ̾Ϣ
Ķİ취ֲġ
ˡ
ǣⲻ֪
һƵھŻʱ֮ǰһٵĵڶж
𣬵𣬵ԼڰȣѾڶŽһߡ
ڵĵ
ĪҪһϼһˣһ̫˫ߵСһıˣʵȥҹھ𣬵ʮһʮɻʮ쳾ֶѾȥ¥գݶҲǣѣָڵ޺ۼѾڷ֮ءѾһ̫Ͽɱˣ˵زҪ
ڶɷµĶԵ˵ĺء
ʲô˵ģˡ
Լݡڶƶ˵
һᣬһ֣̿Ȼ𡢷ɻ쳾ȶʧˡ
ѣҪϣõһ϶һӺǡڶ
ԣ˵ĺܶԡû뵽һôݶȻλѡ

˴ˡ
һ˼ҪҪ˹أ
ڶѾ¡ģ˵ȫ
Ϊǵ޺ۼƭ˵ġ
ôпʵǰܲɵϣ



1107 ꯵Ķ
һҪ˼ҪҪܡ
ڶ£ļλѾʼϡ
ˣʱָƽķ֮أĲϼ٣Եøӵ䡣
ڻУ̫ڱݱԵֲֶκ뿪ˡ
ջС̫أں˺쳾Ԫ飬˳оһ·ɻת

ںУ
˷̨ʯһ˼
ҪҪ߶ؾĴս뵽˺Ķܡ
ǣսĵصںĵĶϷ紦ҾڸȥƺҲ˵ɽΣأһСģҿܻһЩΣ֮ء
뵽ˣʯĴ˲ͷ
Ϊ̫͸ϲϲ˵ǼҴҵȥˣʬⲻ
ʯĲȷʬǲʶԼҶġ
Ҳգ簴պʥ˵ģȥ˴սвηսҿڶӦ޲εսĥ
ֵȻзѺͺʥ˶˵ʺϷԪϵ·λ˵֮жǿ
һˣʯľ·ȥ˵ս
˴սÿһֱֶǣ
սսɻսսɷսħսսս
һľսﻹ
˵սп̶ȵλ
ߣҲ͵ģʺʯǰȥ
˵ɢǣûʦŴУ˴ս֮ء
ʯķ֣ҲʺԼķߡ
ҲҪע⣬ҪǷߺؾսԼȻݣ⵽ؾߵĴɱ
ںʥ˵ؾѾӦöѾۺ
ڣûؾֻһϢ
㡭
ʯ߰ߣһĻ
ʯĶʱµһƣ
ҽŵģǰŮһš
ȿȣ˼λǲСĽģˡ
ţ
ȻֻһԼ˧䣬ҪӢĸһš
ʯеˡ
Լŵ˺ܲ򵥣ԼȻӴĸ˲ࡣ
𻯵׼ʥʹߣûдǿ
һԲĸоȴûкʥ˵ִԲ
պʥ˶Լ˵ģһ֤׼ʥԲ
Լôĸ֣˵̰ˡ
֮ԽԭǸݺһЩ˵ɢŲɫ֮أ֮أҪδ鱦
ʯĴӷ̨뿪ˣ죬еصϵ
շֵʱϲĲˣû뵽Լãд˻Ե
ˣ˴ëΪû˷֣ڶ˺ܴ˼ƿ󷨣С
ǰһĿ
ֻһ׼ʥԲ˧ƣһһŮ
Ǹֵϣ˧Ȳ˵һȥǲַ
˸ףƺŮ˶ӵĵ¡
ӻǸС
ͷƭ˵ģ϶ǺС
дò绨ŮӣлϲҲôŰɡ
ΪƺԼߵ㣬ٴ޵ػ֮ϵΪҲǴ֮ϡ
ŮӾͲԶˣǿòֻ̫ҽɺڣеĻֻǽԲĲΡ
ʯĺܽţǷ֣λ˧ǰԼź󣬾Ͳ˵ˣƺղֻǵԼ£֡ϲĿ⡣
ʯ˿ֻҪնɱԼͺã뻹л͵Ļᡣ
ʱŹ۲һºкŮӡ
кԼĻţʯĶʱˣӦҲͺԼһϲϲķ鱦󷨣ˡ
ˣλ˧ǰ
Ӧûˡ
ȿȣƶɮɱѡ
ֻе
ƶʯģʯһ㶡
˧ǰ˵ڵĿԼɢĶĿ⣬оȻȿˡ
Ǹ
Լϵ飬϶Ը˧ǰ
ǣԼϣòҲλ˧ǰһָͷĴ
ԭǷӪʯĵѣһᣬһᡣɱ
ûɱС
ǰ˴۵飬ϵͳ˷ˣû£
Ӱޱȵľ޴ΪϵͳȻ֮㿷ֱ췭ظĸĹۡ
ϵͳ˲ںˣԼںʲô
Ե㣬ŸֵĿⶼڹעǰԼؾͷߵĴսԼĴ˳档
ûãһ󷨣ӲɫϿó鱦
˸˵ƿ󷨡
ʼ֣˵󷨺ƿôԼôɾƿˣ
Ҳû룬ɣ
սͿһԼ˧Ĵ˧ڱĿԼ
ɱˣΪôˡ
ԭˣԼƿ˼Ϊ˶ĿŪ󷨡
һλǰˡ
ȻǶү
ֲô˧ȻǶүԼǰż񰡡
ǰúߣ߳ɽ硣
û뵽ûã˶ү
үĿԼƺԼ˽жүˡ
үҲ˵ʲôסԼˡ
ɱŵúܣûãеùˣʯģʶ
ԼϤϵ
ϵеĴϵĳ֣ж
ԣү㴿ϵУүͳˡ
ǲ֪үҪסԼԼߣûŰ
ԼҪԼӾͲˡ

ȿȣʯĵѣָһ£λ֮һսүɱʯĵ
ʯģүʯĺ𾪣ţĵţҽжү
ס죬Сͺ¿ꯣĪҪԡ꯲ˡ
үʲôģǱ˸ݾ˾˳ƺԼģԼŲϲƺ
ңҵƻҪŻʯľͲˡ
үս˵㡣ɱ
Ҳƺս񣬳ƺǰͿɡһΣԼļƺôȥǷأ
үս׷ۡˣ˷а
ǣǰɱʾ˵ɶɶǿ˵㡣
ʯԺˣԼСסˣһܲǰ̵ֲĺݶ֮ˣΪοԼĿأ
⣬Ҳ˼Ǻ˼
ꯣһͷ
ȷԼȷ˴˴󷨣Լǿء
кʯģȻԼֺҲ˴˵أ˵ʲô
˵˺ǿ
ʯģһ߾Ȼôǿ˺ͻԵٿ⣬ܲ򵥰ӡ
Ҳ򵥣ȥͨȻǴ޲ΣԼء
򵥰
ȻϲĻʯġ
ս֮⣬Լ
ԼĵǸúͷ˽ϵĺӡ
˵ˣĸ׵õҪһ˱ʥƴ˾ۣԼһһȥ
ԼҲ˵ʦӣʦԼŵıӻ࣬߳˱ҵˡ
ʯĵСһǽϲ
Լ׼ʥԲˣΪĴϯܲġ
ԼôΪʲô
ΪһˣΪһɳ졣
깫֮ܶǰԼĶĳʥԼҪΪһɳ죬Ĵϯ֤ˡ
Ԫ壬ͨҲʥ
ʲô˼أ
˼ǣս֮ͨԪ֮
ͳս֮
սԴͷʲô
ʹʦӣʦʾ֪ȥʦʯ
ʯ˵սںϵԴͷл磡
ô伣Ĵϯڻû֤ԭ
֤֧򣬼Ļۣųĵ̡֤ĲԪ֮ϡ
ǿķ͸ǰᣬ߲ͨμ̵Ļʯ
֤ʥ͸ΪԼ²ˡ
ŴϸĻֻ֣Ĵ
ΪˣԼĴϯûͽ
ԼͽĴʦʦǣŸͽ
Ҳ֪ѩʦ塢ʦ塢ʦȼλʦ£ҲԼʦʦǣνļӡ
֮żӣŻ״ڵԼʦͽ
ֻԼϯǲŸҰѿõ¡
˵ڵԼ
ǰãʦµĵ񶼱Թ˵ǸҲͽֻܰǵӡ
Ǹͽϸʽ˺ٵɡ
ʯԪӣľޣѣŮ洰˲˵
ʯӣԼŵӣӵʦܼˣʯͨˡ
ԪȣԼŵӡ
Ůûʽӣ嵱Լĵӡ
ľһֱ̫ߣһû״ӡ
ѺãԼ
ʦ飬ԼŵĵӣӺӡ
ֻоѩ
ŵӣܹʮĸӡ
ĴӵǺܶ࣬ҲµꯣµĶķԪȡ
ЩĴӵϸҪ£ûǳʦ߳ɽʱ̡
ˣĴһ˻治֪Ҳܵ͵
꯺ͶķԪ⣬꯵ʦʦǺܵ͵ʱ̣ҲԶˡ
֪ŵ治вФӳˡ
ʦʦǿǱĴȻԵһɳ졣
ĿǰһûС
ԭ꯵Եʡ
ңĴڴ˵ˡ
Ȱɣʱ
ǣΪĴϯꯣʦʦòһҪһմӣһϵӵΡ
ʯʦӣʦӣעֲһ£ӡ顢ѩ֤졣̫˲©ˡ
Ĵϯ֤Ҫȷϯӡ
ԣȻðʯģ꯰й۲һĶˡ
ѺУصĸоԺδеܡ
ʯģ꯺ȻĶ
Լ׼ʥԲꯣܿʯĵԸ͵ġ
Ը㣬ʴȺʹ󰮣ļᶨ˺ǿ
Ҫ̫֮ԼҪˡ
ǸߣܲáҪѯһʦʦ
ԣɱиʯƺүս꯸æͬء
Լţ桱ͷܿõˡ
ⲻ
ɱ꯵ĶԻʯĺã
ʯ룺λǰûҪԼɢ޽Ͱжүսǲġ



1108 Դɱĳ嶯
ŲŮϹ˵ǣû뵽ɽһŷжΣ
ʲôԵ
ĪţĪšүεȴڣĴӣΪǵġСɱο
䡰һĻջ˶ʯġĿ⡣
꯺ǻַʽ
ò˵ɵ뷨Ҳľٶ
꯸ˣǺԼ̰Ը񣬾Ȼд˿̵ĳɾͣ
һܡ
ɽ¯һĴ󻷾УʮֵĲпᡣ
ҪȥΪûһġ
ÿһ鶼ȫľ߱ģԸ񣬻Եȵȡ
⻨УΪд˿̵ĳɾͣ꯺ܲⰡ
ѵˣҲֻһֽˡ뵽
ЩӰ찡죬ܻĲУ뵽
ѵԼǰĻУˣ
δ֪ܵأ
ǣԼô̽δ֪أ
ܲܺɵıȺնɱɣ
Żûôûޡ
žǺĵһˣһıˡ
Ŷ䣬ľͻң޵ߣľͻûϣ
˶֪ԼݴʲôĻžһʥĸһ
ΪòˣŶûеߣڶ˵Ҷɣ
ôĲд˿̵׳
úı˵žǺĵģǷɡ
һһһִơ
Ի˵û꯲Ϊ֪һܣնɱΪ
ߣһߣַʽ滨СϷ
ȿȣɱһ졣
һߵʯ˿λǰĿ˰ԼǸϡ䱦һ
ˣ˵˶ĪҪģΪǡһ鱦鱦ԱãǣҲδɡ˵
ɱʯ˵鱦ϡֺĵ˵治ϡ
ʦʯ޼䲻̫ʦүһ鱦Ǻ׵ġ
ĺĵû鱦
˵ЩôԼռ˺ܶࡣ
նħõģҪԵõĵȵȡ
˵ɱʯĶ˿㱵ԭ˰Ϊ˸ͻԵ
ɱ֪ŵǿʯĲ֪ģû뵽ɽ绹Ĵڣôˣ
ȻܴڣɽǸĵط
ԼС⣬ʥĸûһк³ȫ˻ˣߵɽ羹ȻĴڣ档
˵Ķԣ˺ߣȻСԵɱά
˵ʵһһ֪⡣
иǰᣬǰǣôɽˣ漰ŵĻ⣬ȫ˾ηߵĻ⡣
Ϊô棬ʵҲֻ֪ǽӴĺֶܶҲˡ
Ͼʶôһ񻰰ɣ
ɱ˵꣬꯺Ȼ۾ˡ
룺У˼¡
ԼôŵǿʯСأȻ
꯵СУ֪ţ˵˵
ɱһȦ
˵ҵ;˵һ֪⣬
Ǳˣ˵˵ղŵĻںŪˣ
ɱ
ǰ֪һ֪⣬ǵ;˵˵ǺߵĴڡĴմֻ֪ʦǰľǸʶĵѶŵ𾴺ͳݡģ֪Ĳ࡭ˣ˵ĻԪ컯йء֪ˡ
ɱ˵Լ֪һС
˵˵е㵣ģΪԼղŵĹάƭ˵ġ
ʯĶĸо˵ɶû˵һ
⣬ʯĻ䣬ʥ˿ûԼ˵ʲôţΪ˱άĻ
ʥܲԼ˵


ȻЦˣûй˼
ȴǵ޵Ϊ֪Щˣһ֪ûôࡣҲգ͸˵˵
Цǧʲôڣôģ
꣡
ʯĺɱˡ
ԼʲôڣԼ˰
˵ɱҲв⡣ԼȷˣԼǰȴͺһ˵һǿѧʾǺӽ
ʯģûôģǾ͡ţͣȻ
ǰ壬ȴ֪ôġɱ
ǰҲˡʯġ
еӣЦ޷ЩܲǴ˿̵Ϊġ
ֵĵ˵ʥĸŮСԷ磬棬ʯС磻
֪езΪ飬˼˵˷飻
С磬޾磬磬˵ĵԴԴŮʥĸĴǿϢ꣬츳
ԣĪҪǸ塣壬˷˵ԴȫǺŮʥĸ
С磬棬ֻҪǺƹµ磬˵˷壬Դڴˣ
ʽͬԴһġ壬ʥĸ˵Դ֡

һֱʯĺɱһԴ
ʵܺ⣬岻Ҫģ˵˵˵Ĺ򣬲Ҫġ
ûֹ͵Ůˣֹ͵
˵ݱ˸ʽࡣ
ɱˣǰ⣬ԴԶʱżȻһʣݻϸϸֲ鳤࡭ֱˡ
ô⣬⼸磬˵³ֵġ
ʯõ㣬Լļ԰Ǻĵ磬˺˵쵽Լļ԰Լļ԰˵Ĺֱ֡
˰ɣ˻Ȼӣʵ
лǰָ㣬ˡ˵
Ц޾޾壬Ҳ޾壬ˡԴ˵ݻ屾һģģ޷ǲͬʽĵе൮ʽͣЩŲеĵʽߣЩǿһ˵µݱ䡣
˵֣꣬ԴһȴŲͬԵʡ
ֵǲǺ棬ҪȽŵģΪ˵Դ
һ㶣ĵ˵ǶˣղŲֱԴȴһ̫ˡ
ǺǡЦ˵ЩԭǣʥĸŮﲻʥĸǱʦ棬ʦŮʥĸʦ֣жӣʦһҲ˵ʦбʦү̫𡣡
䡪
ʲô
һȻ
˶ʱˣֱ𺳵ĲҪҪġ
˵׵ĻҲ壬ʥĸĺᡣ
ⲻҲ
ǲǺ𾪣Цװˣ
𺳵ˣ꯵˵Ϸԣϸ˵£ˣҲˡҺɽƺʥ棬ʦү̫𡣡
˵꣬𺳵ˣһָʱ䡣
˻ָĲˣŵСԷ磬֪ĺܶ򣬰ǿкܶ򣬶Ǳʦүµģ
ɱһ㶣ҡͷʾ֪
ɵˣ꯶˵ϵͳ̫Ūãš
ʯģʯС֪ͨ𻯵̨磬Ǳʦүٵģ
ʯһŵЩˤ
磬𻯵̨ͨԼеķնʬĹԭλŪá
ˣ꯾ùˡ
˵ȥ°˴ĵ顣
ֻǱʦү΢һ˿飬ҲǱ΢һǳ
ģ޾鶼ܹʦүĶͣĽݱ䣬һ벻ʦүָ
޾С磬ǧ磬˳ɵУԼһЩͨطȵȣԴʦү
û޾硢ǧ磬Ľȣ˵ĹؼͨȵȣԻԴڱʦү̫
˵˼ҾǵߺĵԴͷ

±ưɣС˵ûġ꯺ġ
ΪҲˣܽ᲻֪һܽԼɵˡ
ʦү̫ţˣ̫ˡ
һĬ
Ĭ
ǳĬ
ֱ˺þãɱһЩ
Ůʯļһľٶ
ǰǰһˣ˵ǵ֮𣬸ǰ̫ǰεΪ
ɱѹеʡ
ǰõĵ߸ǵ֮㿷ĶԴϵͳƿˣ
ɵ߸˵ƽƽģ
첻ߵĿΪѹ𺳺͵߸
꯶̫ǿðž޴Σգҵ£˳
Ҫƽʱļ𵴣ʳ⡣
˿̣ͷԷȵһ˳

꯶ʵˡ
㱵һһ
ס
ʦүĵһˣӹɵģ
꯲֪ôش
治ȷе˵ʦָǿ
ֻܸݺĴͳʦү̫ĵһ˵

ȥģĻشɱ˿
嶯ˣ£һҪľ
ǰޱҪ飬Ҫ̫ǰϣǰĪҪʲôܣ˵Ҳ˵̫ǰҲ˵ҪޱȾ޴ıð󣡡
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ɱظ꯿ͷ̫
Լϵͳܸ̫ϵͳĴڣΪϵͳⶫĻ֣ܻвġ
ǰãĵ֮θ˲ںϵͳ̫ǿܽϵͳΣ
ʲôϵͳ񣬻ؼʲôģϵͳ̫Ҳ
ˣĵģ
ǺİҪڵ򣬴Ҳ˵ʲôϵͳܡ
Ǻģһϵͳϵĵط
˵ܲõİ취Ҫǽϵͳвأ
ԼҪ˸ɵ
ǰ˵ĶԣԼҲ尡Ҳ˰
ԼԴҲŮʥĸ˼顣
ˣ𵴣Ӷ·ļ˵Щ
侲ʱ򣬾˭ô˿̵ޱȵļء
֮ꯡ
װ׳ˣûʯȲ˵ɱ̼Ҫˡ
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1109 ״̫
СУҪ֪˵ʲôһٰ̱㵱һСһʿص
ʵ˱ɱˣٶȥǿЦ
ǰʵðΣûаٻɱֵ
һĬ󡭡
ˡ
СһֻҪ˵ġ
һ㱣ѵԼܵδ֪ܣ
ٻʦүɲ˵ģҪǰʦүٻȴ޹ؽҪС飬ʦүԼҲΰ
һĻȴװʯĿɵˡ
ʯокˡ
ܣǣֵܣк£
ԼΪ˵ʵΣա
Ҳգţ롣꯴Ӧˡ
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ԽԽʼˣԼôһ˵Щ
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⣬òϵͳ֪ɣûгͷԼ
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ֻʯһ֣һӰʼֳִ֣ꪵꯣǾĸһ
ݼʦ档Ӱ꯶ʯݵ
׼ʥԲսѾι̣츳ٻΪ˿֤ʯʵ
ԼͽĳɾͣȻһʱܳĬ͵֪ͽҪʲô
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˵ĻֿıģԼʦѯҲ˵
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ɫأſУʦүʦĽ١
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տʼֱ仯һֻۣ۳ɳ磬ڳĶ˳֡
˵ʵڵģֳĺС
ɱʯԼŮ˵Ϊĵһ˽٣ǻأ𺳲ء
û뵽󣬺ĵһ˾ˡ
Ĵߵʦүߵʦ棡
ʯߵ̫ߵʯ𡣡
ɱ
޷ĳ棬ܵһİɡ
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˭Ϊߵĵ𣬾Ȼ񿴵һͨĵһ
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һȰĳߺ㽻һ
豹˸֣ɱʯ֮ǰ̫ףһˣǴķ豹档
ǿߣԼΪַǾһѡ
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ЩǰܶЩĵڻҺ߹ҲҪȨ
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δĹ켣̫һ¡
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ʯģһߵ䣬Ȼ˰

ΪθĵţɳƺۻģϣĪҪۻĵҫߣ
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⣿
꯺ʯŪɵˡ
ʦʦүûѯɱʯģԡǵۻġ
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⣬⡭л𣬴͵šʯĲ˵
̫ĵŵһ̣ǵԳ棬˵ʲôʲôǲǰʥ˵ĵ
ԭǺ͵涼úзѵĵˡ
𲻸ԼĵţԼ벻˵𲻸Լĵţͱڡ
Լĵţ˵ԼһˣԴǰĲȫϵ
ˡ
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Ա˵ʲô
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ɱŵùˣ룺ѵλûзԼϵͳ
԰֮ǰǸǰԼģѵûǸǰǿ

ϵͳԴ֪˵㴩ԽܱҲ֪̫ȻɱţСī

ɱһЪ˹ľУˡ

㶨ǲ֪ϵͳĴԽǱƶĹνбϵͳ
ңңҡ
ɱڶˡ
ԼĴԽϵͳλŪãԼȻٱ˵ϵͳǸ⣿
ꡭ
ǵ棬ǵϵ̫͵򣬶Ǳģ֪
ɱļõĲȣһʶ˻ԡ
ɾʱһº͵Ϣˡ
׵֪˵ʲôˡ
ҲգȻ㲻Ҫϵͳջذɣ⡭ֵ̫ҲԱеɣȥںģú롣
һ
ֻһɱԪзɳһģ
̫ջϵͳ鱦
ɱоԼʧȥ˺ö࣬һʱ˵



1110 ڶ̬˳ӣ
ƺÿǣɱ˲ںġ
ص
˵ԼˣǻȥܻΪһɹĴУⲻԼҪġ
ԼȻ㣬Ҳ׷۷尡Ϊָо˳ԡ
ȻҲ׼ʥ󷵻غĿ⣬ǧܴﵽ׼ʥΣΪһһʹߣڷ¡
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ǲǲ⣿ûϵǧ׼ʥɾȻ֪ܣǧﲻҪ󣬾Ƕ˵Ҳá
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һƷε鱦˵棬Ȼһ鱦ƺɱԵ
鱦ɣһƣǧɾ׼ʥϵȥɡ
̫˻ֻ֣ɱŮлͱ̫ˡ
һĻ˵ۻġ
оȥȰĵǿ
Ͷ䣬һδ鱦գ۵͸˺У;Լ֪Ҳеǿ
˭һδ鱦˲
ⲻǿ
һߣ
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ѽǿǵһγд
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ɱԼףֻܿԼˣ·ûϵͳĸԼˡ
ĵǣϵͳǰĹͨûбջأԼֻҪŬҲ
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ᶨ̫ںϷ֮صһڶ뷨
ͬʱҲӼᶨ˺úùųĵСӰĸ
ԼܽΨ·ĶС
һԼһں߷
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⣬鱦̫ĸһ㡣
̫Ψһһ߻鱦
ʱԲ̺̫ĳɵ鱦ߵ鱦
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飬ȴµĻ鱦
̫顣
ƾƳһ鱦̫̫ѡ
ǰ飬̫˵ġ
̫Ԥƣǳɾ飬̬ڶ̬˵̬˳ӡ
Ҳ˵̫ɹɶ̫˻鱦˳ӡ
̬鱦ںϽԼķ֮Ҳܲһĵ̡
̫飬кô
̫Ǽ飬̬һΧ̫˳ӡ
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Ǻǡ̫治·֮صķӡ
ˣ̫ʼ˼˳ӵıչء
磡
ʱţߺؾĴսˡ



1111 棡
λѣû·ҲѡΪǵ棬ҲΪǵĵսɣ
𡪡
ս
ڷߵĴӪУʬǸһԼˣս
֮ǰĲ׼ʥ˴˿̣ڷɢ֮󣬷ߵ׼ʥѾˣڴ޺ʹ֮µĸǶ಻ʤ
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ûν͵Ϯıĸ߲㶼ڹעǰ£Ӫûô͵ϮʩչֶΡ
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Ƿߵ̨ĻᣬҲǴһᣬĻ»ıƺֶΣԵ̫οʼ̽
ҲҪӵġ
սǣû֪
ؾĴӪУһĳ棬һͼ׼ʥս
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˵ûսĶĶս
Եһ·ϣֺ;ݵѾ룬Ϊľǲ꼰أṩһ㡣
·ϣɢޡȵȣȫˡ
󣬺Ķ˸ĵĹ涨ǲսʱ̣ʥ֮ϵĸһ㲻ս
Ԫ޺׼ʥĲ̫ʥ˺ںɱ¾
˵ʵڵģʬһˣסؾʱ䣬ܻԼһնɱ롣
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ս죬লľԱ
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˵ģؾվ̨ˣн׼ʥɢ޼˷Ӫ
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һøؾѰһؾת£תһס棬ؾһ
ϾûиԸնɱؾֵá
ԣ˴˿̵ľ档
ҵĴսڼ˽ǧꡣ
٣ܴСһξܽģؾͷߴսҲˡ
һΣֻ˵ǿ˵ǵһν̽
Ҫ׵Ľǽѣûʮڽġ
ǰĵħ壬Ƚѣľսʮʱ䡣⻹һδսʱ䣬˵мӵĸСͻСսۡ
һֱעսеʧ
ս˽ǧ꣬ؾ˲٣һѰٵһĶûУ˺ܾġ

֣ǲǽ̵ĻǲҪ̽󣬸ӵֶΣԪʼ˵
˵˵뷨ӵ
Ԫʼ̽ǿԴһЩĵɱﵡҿһĽ֣˵ʵڵĲһֱûڸУֶ̫ˣҲ̫١һЩܵĽʽͨûУõóֵҲ٣а
Ԫʼ˵꣬ͨһ˼
Ԫʼ˵ĺܶԣǷ߻Щؾ̫ˡ
һˣһСǶԱĴǵĻۺ͵̻̫ˡ
ĵĺܶʽߴ󣬲ܽӴġ
ؾϾó㣬ǵĵֶ̺жһ㡣Ϊע˥ܣۺϺҲͺͷƽ
߱Ƕһ֮ӣȻ˵㣬ɽסǳӡ
ôһۺϣƽ⡣
Ԫʼ˼ǣһЩϵսսͨһЩȼ꣬ȼǣȼձԴȽֶΡ
ⶼһЩķҲ֮գһսӰޱȾ޴
˵ؾȲѵʩչɺѰٵһ
ȴ˿֣ûκΰ취ֻԱǿ
֣˵ĲǿԴһЩɺ󷨣ھѰٵһһǾҪʧˡͨ
һĬ˵˵ĲûУΪƽûв֣ĮĿսǴؾطЩ϶֡ǣҲᴫڷ߽󷨺ͨ
ӳĬĵط
ƽ⻹ãԼǸԤ̫Щǣһƽ
磬˵Ҳںá˽ɺ͵̺󣬲ڴ˿㣬һѵĶûСԪʼֵ
һᡭ
Ҳգ̽˴δսͰն˵İ죬һ¡
˵꣬ͨͬĵƣ

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ѪսˣȻյӵĴ˵սԳˣ
˲⣬ɴ˿ָֻ壬ֻܰ˵
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¡
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ϬĸԱ֣ܿѡʱս
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һξʤܣûĴս
һξʤҲǶ̶̵ǧͽ
׼ʥ˵ǿһĲݣһսǿġ
ʹģٶҲյһֱעʬָ
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ĬĳˣʧȥǵĻڴսǾųѾס֡
ʣµʧȥǵģͽսɣʧҲ޷
ľսвʧģвѪġ
̽ȥңؾʧ˽ǧ׼ʥ׼ʥ֮µĲɼ
ߺɢ޵ϣͬʧ˽˰ٵ׼ʥ׼ʥ֮µڻҲɼ
˵һ͵ɽ˴ĴսΪƽء

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ʮֵĳأһѵĶûУһôѰ
ϣλȥʥָܹ㡣
ĺһɫء
ʧ˽˰׼ʥİǷߡ
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ԱǷеĻҲʧء
һ̽Ҳ˵ʼ
ʼʧô󣬽ĴսԼľʤľս֪ȥٵѡ
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ҪûѹСǷ¸ʱǴޣôʱܽ׼ʥεġ
ڣǰãǱն˶ԷͨƿأСŷ
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ǣΪ֮ǰԼ˵˽Щ˺ܾõСŸ
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ԣ˭׬˭ʧƺһĿȻ
˵˺Լȵһ룬ìܡ
ңìܻԼҵġ
룺
ؾΪ̨γ˵ôףԼʤˡ
ףʥҵ˷ߵȱ㣬ʱֹꡣ
ȥ󣬸ؾڶԸԼ˵ֶΡ
뵽ǵ̵ãʬע̲㰡
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1112 
ĵľʲͬ
壿ԣƬ˸ˡ
˺ܾõĵһھäĿĸ̫ͲˣҪС
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뵽˺͵ڶìܣһãȥ˵磬ڶӲ̫ʹ
û뵽ǣʱ˷˼һĻ
Ҿ˵ɣһѶ㡣ڶԼĶԵ
ˣȻڶ˵һ
ô£һԼˡ
λѣΪȫۼڴˣһ𲻽ʡ
㻹ǣǻأڶ߹ʱˡ
ԼŵľϲоԼǸˡ
һȻǿԼһԼе磬еǣڰˣԼһǡ
һǿԼ͵磬˻ս
ʣµǾס
һȻо
ڶ˵ĵ󣬾͸о
ûӵĻڣҲᱻɻ¡
Ȼֻʵһѣ쳾ɻȥѿɷһͣ
һĵȻ
侲ˣĬһѣǲǶ˵ʲôһᡣ
ᣬ㾹˵᣿̫ϣΪɵڶʮĵ
һһ̾Ҫеȫ˵ˡ
ԼʱǱһ֣˵һģһҪزˡ
Ϊܴ޴һЦ
㣬㣬Ϊ㣿ڶ߳ŭô˵Լ޴ǲ֪
ǣòԼ򲻹
λǿıһʼ߳ŭˡڶ
ڵǡ
ڶֻȵһ㣬ȻΪǿȱһĻ͵ĵҪõ㡣
Ǻ͵ڶģĲȴǺ֮ǰķɻ࣬ѾڱıԵ
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û˵ڶ͵𶼳ƺһǰΪܵһİһҲ̫̫ࡣ
Ψһ͵һʱʲôȿȣҺѾС
ĪҪһ϶Իˡڶʱˡ
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˶ӦˣΪ֤ʽ
ܴŵĵڶҲȥˣȥġ
㣬һаȥԨ

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Լܰɣһ¾֪ûƭˡ
󣬵һû˵ȥܡ
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λǸһ£ݵķɣȻһǰ˵Ȼǹȥ˥˺ܶࡣ
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Ȼ׵ǲͷɻļһΪ˵ھŻϣӱѸٵ˳
Ȳ˵һǴ˵أĴ衣
һ޴飬
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͹ʿȥйƿص磬ͲܳˣΪӴ˸߲Ĺֻм
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ݱ²⣬ھŻ粻ú󽫻תɴҲǴɾͰ״ֻ̬Ҫkû˸棬һ̲磬Ǵɾͳ׵㡭Ҫܳʱ䡣
ֵǵĻɾͰ״̬ʱʱĳɾʹδ׵̲ھŻ磬ôڴĿʼ̲Խ࣬Խֱ̲󣬽Ѹٱǿ֮ܶǵĻỹкܶࡣ
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һ˵˳ˡ
˵ĴѳɣҪּܡ
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ں̲ʱǼɾ˴ΣǵʱûеھŻ綼һ
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һֵȻҲԺ̫ϣӦĿܣ˵̫а취㲻𣬱Ͼ߹
ǵһĵĵطҲǺпֵܳľ棬ɻͺ쳾
Ҳ
ˡ
̫ôںЩԵӡء
̫ǲܺģֻնɱںϲܽԼ⡣
ġ
һǰģᣬôܳΪ߹ǾͲ쵰
ҵȱ̫Ϊߣģⲻܡ
϶ġ
˷׷ױʾⲻܡ
һȴĪһЦĵǲŹ֣



1113 Ů
ǰҪô
ȣ
ȣһ㶡
һĿǰ˵ȷ԰Ѳ֮һͽȥô죿֮ǰɻ𣬺쳾Ĳ𣬿˵̫һ˾նɱˣǴ˿ͽһ˽ȥҲ뻢ڶѡ
һ˼ܼ򵥣˵ϣһ룿
ǽһںϵĴڣҪݵķɣȥҲ
ȡ
ȵĳɾʹʱҺˣ߲֮֮⣬ʣµǣǶԽ룬ʱϽ룬Ϊǵ֮㣬ҲͲ̫Լ̹ŵˡ
ֵ
ֻҪסţȴݽһ󣬾˶ܽУʱ̫ںĲеǻնɱ
꣬ȻܲԸǴ֮ǰһֻ
ܸ̫ƵĻᣬҪһ롣
գ֮ǰ̫һ˾ɻͺ쳾
ȫԸİĲͽȥ̫ٻͲһС
ֻܵȡ
Ҳգյһǰֻˡǵ룬ǵһǰڶǰԼλܽˣǱ㣬ڲںϵǰ£һСҲ˵˵
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㣬ǽ룬Ȼᱻ𺦣󻹲ںϵ
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µһĻˣѧͣ˵Ϊˡ
㣬ʱķֿˡ
ԻصԼĵԼղػۣ֮ٵ߲ҪѼҰԨ
ȴĳ֡

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Ϊ˷ɻֻתΪ˿ڤ
μ𣡡
̫٣ӦѸǰݼ
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⣿Ůһ㶣𺳡
˭ôҪʦ԰תҺԼǰʦôʣѵҪԼͽ
ӲТûͽһֱ嵱£ʦŮԥ
˴ٻǶȷΪһλתȻҪһ˿ֻرԴԼŮ컯Դ˵ԴҪ̫࣬Ჹǵģɷ񣿡
֣̿ҪֻرԴ󲹳æ
ͬʱɻ˭ôףȻҪںԼֻرԴŮ洵컯˵
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һһ룬Ǵ˵һŮӣΪ˱תΣʩչվţŮбŮֻʺϣ⣿
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Ȼɻڷ֮Ķ䣬̫û˵
̫Ůһ˿컯Ըǣ˵ԴΪһŮӡ
ֶԺ˵ֻرԴնȥǰһЩõļ䣬¿ʼɡҺĺְݣܸһµļҡ
Ů̫޹ؽҪ̫ô˵ˡ
ˡ
ֻŮ洰һ˿˵Դһ˿컯Դһ˿ֻصıԴ
֮ŮеϢȵӣ̫Ҳ׬ӵıˣֻ֣һűԴͽŮԪУֲܿŮ洵ʧ١
ںкΪУһ㱾ԴڤĹѸֲָˡ
̫˵׬һСĺô
˵컯˵ֻرԴֻ̫֣̫Уͷ­ķɻˡ
ֻǴ˿̵ķɻѲǰͷ­ӣǻΪһԪ״̬
̫֣ԴУɻıԴպһâ˸
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Ů洺һζľתĻᣬǡζľûһ˿ĺôѡ̳ȫļ䣬ǲҪļ䣿
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Ůʱˡ
ӣӣӾҪѣô˵ǰԼҲһõĻأŮ޼ش
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Ů洲֪ɻʲôû䣿ڵģû䣿
̫һ㣬һ֧ķɻľ̫Ĩȥˡ
ķɻһ쳬̫ؾ۱̫Ĩȥļ䡣
Ȼܡ
ȥɣ
ֻֻ̫֣ص˵ѾԪС
á
Ů洣ȥʥأָѰתӰɣӦڴٺ󣬺úý̵
̫˵꣬Ůһơ
ƣŮܺܿҵתķɻķɻʲôͿŮ洵˼ˡ
ǣ
Ůˣһϲ
û뵽ԼҲеˣʦյ״ӣԼӱִˡ
˵꯶ҪˣԼ״Ÿת
Ů洸о˼˵תɾͺ͸ŲԼģΪתޣſܻǿԼ١
Ů洸˵ˡ
̫У·ɻǸˣ̫Ҳ˵˷ɻĳŵ
Щ̫ŸźƽĵС
ƽĵܵţûн̻Ի͵ĲãźĵͯûС
Ը̫ˮ衣
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ʱĺһСŮӣ׺ߺ죬ԼӴĲ࣬뿴
ԴӺֻأʥ˵޼ʥˣǰֱûˡ
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ú٣ٵĿʼʱĿʼҲ޼ѻعҵĿʼٵʱ̣㽫ҹ죬Ҫһʱ䣬ũħޡ׳ȴʹʱΡˣҹĴ㣿

̫뷨仯̫죬ںˡ
룺ղŲǻ˵Сģŵģôֵ˴ϣ
˵Ҳһܣ͸о˴Լֱ仯ɾ˵
̫һ˵ײǰĸ
𣬴٣Ҫعңʡ
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𣿡
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̫˵Ȼ޼ʥ˲޼ҡǿ
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ȷ⣬ѡ⣬ɼΪ޼ʥˣҲɴʱ̳ѣǶĻԵϾ㲻׼ʥ޼Ǵʥ˵޼졢ũǺ㲻һġ̫͵
𣿡ֵ
˵ɼ߽Ҳɴٵʱ̳ѣǶڤһĻɽ粻һ
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Ȼƣ޼ʥˣֻдȴ޼ʥ˽Ѿ
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û˼ˡ
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վûȺ˵ʲôˡ
ԱŮ活ϲص뿪ΪҪһӶˣ
Ҫ˶ƽĺܣ
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Ŀ̫ˮûȾˡ



1114 ת
뿪ƽĵ̫֮ݵҵڤ
̫ĵû˿ľȣѾָ˾ųǵڤҪˡ
ڤ̫Ҫת̫˿Ĵ©
ȴٺ̫޹ǣķ£Ϊʱڤ磬û˿Ժ
𣬿òˣһɽΣ̫
Ҫȥģõˣһͬذɡ𲻱ϲӡ
Щڷ֮ضڰУһ˺ģǲ֮ؼĺ󣬸˾
ܻʱơ
㣬̫صɽС
˳ؾͷߴսǰأ
һνĴս
ʲô뷨û̫ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ûо֮ǰδйǿʢĿʼд̹ſٵغ󣬱һֱǴǿʢתΪ˥Ŀʼֱ𡣡
̫ţ˵˾䣺أ𵽵úܴɣ
ţûΣȷˣϾ˶Ҳ綼ġھŻ籾һĻ磬⣬԰˥䱾ȷ֣𲻺ڣûежҲûбĳɵһһĶѡ
̫ʣǴͷأ
⻰꣬˳˼˺һŵǴرˣΪȡѳɵ˶̫㡣
̫ûҲûз
ƺĬʵ
ˣزúҵ˵ķʽ䱾ˣʹ˱ɡ̫ٻ䣬վı϶˵
ҲáǸлѵĳȫػĻᡣ⣬ЩԹԱС󣬶Ÿлһ
ˣˡ
̫˻֣ߴ·˵ĸлԼĻԵǽ顣
̫뿪󡭡
һþûж˺һᡣ
˸ǰʱշ·ڵˣһؽ귢һУʱջݿһ顣
ǲǰķߺؾĴսȻսûбѾһˡ
ĵ뿪˴˵أ꼰أҲ뱻Ĵսۡ
ƺ뵽İ취
ֻؾͷսԶĵطѰٵһɽ
ֻһ֣ǽһһرˡ
У
ֻʼչ֣Ѵ˵۳һԴ㣬Ũľѵ
Щ󣬱Ͳɽһʮĸء

ʱֻһء
֮УԲںϹĴУԲʮֵ⡣
˵ҲǿĵǶԱǰߵԶ
һзʽǣн׸ߵǣǬȵ
ȴһ֮ĸ֡
У͵ߵ
ǴСһĵ߲εĵ
һƺ϶УȫںϽС
ĵͱںϽ˴С
еΥݱĸɾɹˡ
нĳɾ֮ͣ㣬תоԭ
ڷ֮صʱתĴбѹƣֻе
ӦǰǰΪѹƣ˵ھ
һû֪ġ
ô˵ɣһһͺܲˣǿüֵ
ϣǿĵϣüָǿĵ
Լǰģߵġ
Ե͸Լ͵ġ
һ˭뵽Ĳһڴת£а˽ٵĵ
ǿҲܿ¡
ٸҲͺһǰǸ˵ѡһǰ˻ߵȥôĵ
ĿģʵΪ˰һеߡ
֣ԼϽİһУܶ˸ĵ
ţİ˴УеںС
ƹš
ˣֵںϣȻıѹƣڷ֮ھš
⣬Ϊѹƺų⣬ʱ̳˫صĵĥ
̫ǰѾڱԵԭ
һ̣ھŻ翪ʼڽˡ
û˱ѹƣû˱ĥָĺܿ죬ҲԼںϸϣֱ֡취ɾߵһ졣
˿̣аһУʼ˵ڶĲá
һĲô˵زʮ츣ء
Ϊһôû׷󣬵Ҳһ档
ʼ˵ڶĲá
ڶĲԵúأֻһ֣˲˺ܶǿϵ֮
еĽɫӡɽɢϹ⡢һͨĴЩһֺͺĸϢ
ͷ׵ĻеȼղһʱաеɢȵϢеı䳹ǡеĺڵī֭еĳֻƻ
󣬻һâ˺ռ˲ںϡ
һĻĻ棬̫֣ᷢⶼǸǸԺһԪ֮
һЩȻǷ֮Ԩ顣
̫֮ˣʲôС
ƺΪܶ˶ĵܾǽЩ֮жĦġ
ԱȵĻǸŴˡ
ôһֵĴղؼҡ
ߺܲͬǶԼķ
ϣ
ֻ֮ﱻųصĿʼıںϣγһѭûԼƿغ󣬾Ϳʼ
õĵڶ㣬е֮γѭȻǲͬԵĴڣǴѭԲһ
Щóɹ󣬲Ǵ˵Զʮصĸ
ʮصĵҪ

ڣųɵǻָֽжعˡ
˵бĵĹҪġ
Ȼ⻹ǵڶҪĵ
ɲǹؼҲǱĽܵĿʼ
еĹȻҪĳϣϵĹ򣬻ں߹ת£бݻٵһ졣
ңױһԭ򣬾úԼССںϵĵ
Ҳúĸ嫣׳һֽѵķʽ
Ȼת£Ȳĸ˼룬
˺飬ǵĴڣúĸǿ
ֱӻͻ顣
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׳ģúĳԼԼΪĵһԱศɵĽ
̫ԻĹ˵ǣ̫µĹ
򣬱ˡ
ںĹ죬ҪĹȫģҲȫ㡣
ֻ̰ȡ㱻ƱҲѲƤð֮ǰԵĶ³˳Ϣ
ףҲ㡣
㹱׶٣ľͻùºˣԴ
ݻ𲻶Ǽ򵥵ĵõʧȥǿ͸ˡ
֮ǰԼֻȡǸǲܵġ
ŵǵҲˣȡ޶ȣȡ޶ȣǵ粻ˣϣٽ١
ศɣͺģ̫һδβ֣һδƺΪµҪĹ
˵̫˺ܶˣ߰ȹֻͣǱΪ
̫ãоĻǣΪΪģΪ
һ㣬Եҽ󣬻ָųǵˡ
ǲͬԼǰĹ
ˣ˴˿̵ĵ
úԼĹ͵Ͼ淴СУǾ޴ĿǺĿǰȱٵġ
ԼĵóȻú߹ȡΪĸԲǿס
¡
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ճ̫ˡ
ָ̫һ㣬Ѳݣ϶ˡ
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ǸĳĵתеںϣǽȻͬĹ϶ǰȻǶԵġ
̫ΪƹŵһԱͺ߹һȨ
ſúļ飬ھ̫ա
ϧϧֵȻףԺķо޴ĺôɲʺϱ𡣱ҲҪػصķʽһ·ѹǰǱĵػأʺϱ𡣡
̫˲ĵǲʺ
̫ô˵أ޷ݣ̫ǿˡ
һЩػذ۰תȵȣȻ˵ܼߡ
ֱͨĴҪС·ķʽ
ǣ
ֵ͹飬̫֮µľüͺش塣
϶죬챻߽ܺͳϣֻҪԼȥ϶ܳںϽˡ
о仰˿ҵף˿졣
̫Ǹԣģҵ׺ĲҪҪġ
˱ġ
и湦Ĺ͵
У
̫ˣ̫ƣ֡족ǵҪԣϸ˵

̫ͷӦĹ׺ֻ֮ؿʼ콵󣬱ȵʮ޼ǿ
ԱЩ󣬴ֻͣأԼ̹Źش
ʱĶˡ
Ƿؾͷߴսıϣ˭˲ע⣬˭˲ȣ
ĵˣ
еתʹںϵĳϣұ߹ȡˡ



1115 
棬Ǻ˵ΪȻ˿鲻
ѳ˵壬ֵһ£˿ĺۼûС
սıԵʲôɣԪʼǵ
ǲᣬ˭֪ؾͷߵĴս˭޶վֹΪУûôǡӷ񶨵
ǿȵ󲻼򵥰Ԫʼʡ
ɴ磬Եȣȥˣǰȥ˽һ¡ͨǸжɡ
Ȼ벻ʲôԭ򣬷ô໰ȥˡ
ţ鷳ˡӵ
鷳ΪǵĴƣλֳԵһᣬȥ

壬һֱעʬˡ
ֳ̲ȱˡ
㲻κκۼѡȥΪƶԼ˲֪ܲ࣬δ֪ĸˣδ֪ǰȥǡ
ʬһ֪ĺ̫ˣվаΪԼûӴĴеľٶء
ŴĺڴĿԼʬȻһįԼ治֪
˲뵽򣬻˵ǺöļһԼ
ڤӸĴ˼ǣ
ʬ鷳ˣǶ˽⣬һεĽǵֶκ͵̱͸ˣһǱȻʧء
Ҫ뷨Ļ˳ıߡȻǷҪۣ۲˺͹¶ѣǾܰǶԸˡ
Ȼ𲻴Ӧ㣬ǲǿֻǳͬΪħ˵ĺľٶ㿴Ű졣
ڤӺ֮Ҳ˴֮
ΪľǺĲͽܵõôʬв
һʬܣڵ̵ȱ٣ֻܶԼȥжϺĥһı׶̫
׼Լ֪ͻԤľ档
Ϊѵ롭ҪҪѯڤӺеҡ
⡭
ɲʬ
ʹģڲǰһν󣬷ֱӵˣۿ˵Ĵ
˼ͬǿѡǣȻҲҪۣѡѡǣǲȡ
ԣȻֵӪĬˡ
ʥˣ̲ס˾䡣
ţʱҪᡣһһεĴսɡʬ̰ռϷ硣
ңҲ˷Լˣѡᡣ
һĻʹĺȻоѡʬϴ󲻶ԣ̫ҰҲ̫ˡ
¶ӪãǶõģͺɵķ
һ̾ȴû취
ܲԼ˷ɣԻǰ̡

⣬ĵǣҲĸоֻĲ˷ܵĿˡ
ʲô󣬷ùǷߺؾ
ʥ˵뷨
ĵ޼е㵣ˣΪҲݲ˵ʲô
޲TչؿҪȴȻѣһݣ޲Ϳˡ
Ҫ֪Լޱȵľ޴޼߲㣬ħ˼֮ħһ˿ߡ
ߣ˲Ϊ޹ؽҪ⣬ΪģǴǰڵĸˡ
뵽ˣ޲Tܴе滺ģֲˡ
ѵһͬĴڣ
̹Ŵ̫⣬ѵеĸ
ɲ⡣

ϵѰҺʵĵļɫܲÿ
ôͿˣ
СˣȻ򵥰ʲôȻȱԵĴµĵǿɻ
ܾǰͿˣĲһһΪΪ硣
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ߣһϵеĲ
û뵽һҲ͸ˣԼǰľĸ
еڵģһϵвȻûļޡ
Ҳ˵֮ǰȫĸãĻԵĵĵĻࡣ
֮ǰûоĵط
һǰľ飬ֱӿңһξ˴ĺ䶯
ֺ䶯ı󣬱Ȼúޱȵ⣬⵽
ΪҵǱǿܶࡣκΣ˭뵽ҵСһǻۣ
е̾
Ȼ֮صĵǶСӰʲôأ
벻ס
޷еѡ
ԼǿԼ濴
ΪԼȥɷ룬ôнĳɾͣǿ
Ľ˵һ͵ڶ𣬵ߵ⣬
Ϊǿĵ޷ǳԣѣԼϮĵ䷶
֣°ĸо
ⷬоˡ
ÿһɵ֮ˣСﰡ˵νֻǳıֶѣ˵ʮһ治ܱԹ
Եе
֮ǰԼǿʮһеԼеķڷĸо
ôãת˺ģĻԵֻҪʱ䣬˭Ц󻹲һء
ʧֻʧ䣬ʲôĲɥġ
ҪôСʧˣͲˡ

ĵ
ֻɢŨϹ⡣
Ϲ֮ǰĳϺһ״ֻ̬ҪЩϹںϣǴӳϵɵĿʼ
Ķˡ
Ҫлʾʾ̫̽ػҲ̽˺ĵĹ򣬹˵Ҫл򡣡
Ǹһָ۷嶼Զˡ
⻹ҪģҪǱĿʼˡ
Ȼûʽϣûбɣĵһߵĺȡ
۷ʱ򣬶ûôһβ֣ǲȫȴ
еˡ
˵ɵçˣôȥĻç
˻˻
ȻǼĺĹعİʾ𣿰ʾҪ̫һǻõģ
Ȼһȡ
еȻ򵥣˵һִġ񡱰ʾ
ɡ
ܶԲԣҪСĵ㣬˵̫ƣ϶Ȼûġ˵гûΪںʧС飬δѹ͹ʾ󣬺鱻ˡ
϶ˡ
ǣ
ԩ̫ˣ̫ȻҲûְʾ
ɺϵľѣˡ
Ҫ񣬺Ϳʲô𣬻ҪҪҪҪ׳
һ㸶ͻرΪһּ򵥵໥ͱ
ǡ
Σǰѵ˴˵أǿɽ
ֿ֮ʼôˡ
һ󣬰ע⿴ؾͷߵĴս
ƣ÷ߺؾսҪʤʱ档
桰ȱĴת֮
ؾѰһ
򵥣ҵת򣬸ʺѰһ֮ǰѰһһ
ҵתܰǰһһɵĻᣬôѧѧ
⣬߲ǵȴ
ҪתԴΪ
򵥣ҵתֹˣֱתɹʱͿ鶼ʡˣ
Уǲǳ̾Լã
û⣬תһܲ׾Ĺ
ܲ׾Ĺ򣬲ëġվ͡
˱תתǶкܴǱҪԷƱ
벻ѧ
ѧͶˣǲѧҵĹ׺û
⣬ǻҪмңҲ̫ƽʲô޲Tֻأüͺˡ
뵽ͼƻ
úʼȵĵսĩβֻҪʱװһо͸㶨ˡ
ƶüƻ󣬺ȻкüСϢˡ
ЩʥСѰٴǰԭ
һ֣ȥеĺۼʱСǷ֡
ʱ򱻷֣Сǽô죿
ңʱʱԣҪȵսĻԼ
ԣͨΪ׵һʥˣ̽ԭġ
εķ֣ʲô
ⷽԲһ仯ûУ֮ǰʲôڻʲô
ǰ̽ʥ˺ɻѵԭ
˵ˣ
ôصĿģǲǾǲ뱻Լ֣
ȻˣԼѰҸ
˵㷢֣ҪңⲻҲʹ죿
˻ȥɣؾǸҲӦףؾͷߴսشƣ㶫Ļᱻߡǡġ
ܸ˾ǲ뱻ĵǣˡ
˼󣬾ûҪעɡ
øﻹǸ
⵼¡
䶯ص󣬳һ׮
֪ʲô϶֪縸񣬵ˣֲȥʡ
˭֪ǲǵ͸Ūģ
̫̫󣬼λڴ˵ĵӺ涼ɻ
Ƕûпʣʦ𣨷˵˻ʦ𣨷˵ġ
ϾǷʦ𣩵Ĳأ
ֱˣᵼ³ֱʣװʲô֪ĺãһˮʯģܿġ
䶯ˣ̫̹ţ⣬֪



1116 ս
λħĵѣ鱦ѾǶȥιʻҪնɱƶɮţɱĴŵӣҵȿɷʹ˱
սϣɱɫصĶǰĸħޡȰ˵
ߣ˵ɺϣͷɢϢܲȵĵۻġ
Сɱֻĸħͷ˵
Ҳҡɱǫ
ͷħ˵УǷţĴŵܵӵķϣǿԷŹ㣬
ħͷյĿŵۻĵҪ˺ĵܣҪ
Ϊ׵ħͷĿĿŵۻġ
˵ɺϣۻĵ˹ȻǴģߵݾͺΡһķߣҸоȥʬ˻ϲá
֮ǰ꯵ȷֿȻս
ûãۻľȻַ鱦
ε鱦û鱦һʿơ
˵졭
ۻˣҪһˡ
Ĳ̵ĵۻģû֮ѡһ²ûá
κΣվ޿ˡ
ʱ˽Ҫһ̣˵ףһħ˳ˡ
ħͷֺۿҪˣĿһ
һ鱦ԼеĻ۶˵ۻģ˵˵ģǰħħϣ߰ɡ
һĻħ˲ˡ
ͬʱ鱦Ӳģħܸģչ׷ɱ
ۿҪԼ鱦ˣû뵽һ߳ˣ˻Լ鱦
ħˣĿǰͷħĵܡ
ĿǰһĻ
ۻ֮ǰ׷ɱ˵ħͷħͷܸģҪܵʱ̣һ˿ħϢ˵ۻĵϡ
һۻûз֡
صħͷҵԼֳ׷ѰµϢҵ˵ۻġ
ڵۻıΧΣƵʱ̣룬ɱóˡ
ɱûԥϾǰ˵ۻĲ򵥣ĵŶǵµġ
˵˲
ɱǲŵġ
ЦԼϵͳǵŪá
Ȼվ˳˼Χɱĵۻġ

ħĵѣĪҪ̫֣λֵѾ˵ˣҲǱƵģ鱦ѾȥǻôɱǿӲ
ߣǲǲǱƣһߣҲҺħ֣ԼȰǷǡͷħͷ
ȻĶԷߵӣõۻĺܡ
εķ֣Լκεĸı䡣
ֱһ̣ų׵ԼǱƵġ
˱ûģԼҪ䣬иɵӾȻ
ɵӻǷ
룺ԼҪˣ߸Լɣ˭ڰ˴սأ
һĻټǰһĻۻĺܣǷĿǰٵ١
ҪɱȻ֣ԼѱħֵΧɱˡ

ѣĪҪֵ֪ܵĵţŵۻģһλǲĴڣƶɮ˵ģǷȰʿɶֹߺϡҷҲ׷鵽סɱһҧĸħͷڤ粻һѡ
⻰˵ꡭ
ĸħͷһֵţ
أԲǼٵġǼٵģԼܲ
磬ˣ鱦ǵõˣۻĵȷ򵥣ݣһΪɴǰĽУҾȻѹƵԷҿ˲򵥡
ʱǸħͷеģҲǺ͵ۻĽֵλɱЦľǰĽֻ棬Ȼеˡ
οҲûʧˡɱҲ򵥣֪նɱȻģħΪĸͷŷġֵ
󣬸оͰĵ˵İɡ
ǲ򵥣лıӻ˰ɡ
ߣӣߡ
ͷħҲǸˣȻͨˣҲûκεԥ
ת뿪ˡ

ɱ˿Դϵͳ뿪⻹һôԵˣΪ˵ۻҲȥˡ
ѣۻĵѣû°ɡ
ȿȡ
ۻһĿԣǰ˵Ĳᡣ
û£ϢһͺãлѵİҪǵ㣬¡
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ɱİֵһ˵ĺֱӣתûС
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ֱԲ䣬ûصĵѣȴǰǸƸԼôʵԼ˺öˡ
ѣôΪ鱦𣿡ɱʵ
ʵ֪ģֻ֪ۻĵ鱦ĸħͷȡˣնɱۻҲ򵥵˵ԼǱƵġ
һѾ
֮ۻİԼ˵һ
˵ɱЦ
Ϳս㾹Ȼ壿ǳ˵ĵط˵ص飬Ϊ˾һѰҽĻԵпĵطûģ㣿ˣɽ֪Ĳ࣬סͺˡ
ۻĺܿûţ˭뵽˵ˣ
ȿȣʲôƨ
ɱȻˣνĺûǺãħǻ㲻ôģǹоϻУӲŷֶԴֻҪ棻ӲŻѡ񣬳ȫҪ仰˼ɣ
ۻĴĸһ£ĵ˵ͷ
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˵ʸ޵УͱˣԼ˲סˣⲻɵ
ɣɣǣˣ±ᣬǵԼҪеж֪ɣ򣬷Ǻһ
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仰˵꣬ɱûл
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ΪΣĮӣۻ
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ôʹĽ£ʵо飬һЩ˻˺ܾõ˶Ҫ㡣
ΪЩģȻɾתһࡣûϵͳȣǶˡ
ɱϵͳĺܶΰ»Ϊĵģܽ˺ܶľ顣
˵Ⱥܶ˽ĵĲпᡣ
ûۻɵӣϡ
˵ۻǸֵΣֵиˡ
ڳЦ𣿡ۻʧĵ
֪ģûгЦɱ
ۻĿɱصӣЦðɣ֪ˡ
ۻʧ䣬ɲı䣬ҪЩԼļ֡Լ뷨Լĵġ
뵽ˣۻĺȻɢֶĸо
ɱֵǺİҼо˵ĻҸоʮֵϣһλ³Ѹ˵ġ
λ˵ҷʷһ飬ʷûббÿҳ϶д⼸֡Һ˯ţϸ˰ҹŴַ￴дǣˡ
ˣۻһ
ϸĴĦ仰ĺ壬ϺĵһУȻλ³ѸĻˡ
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ǰ⻹ǵĲпᣬ֪֪Եĸп᣿ɱֵ
ʲô˼
֪ߺؾĴսԼʥ˵İȣɱʡ
˽һ֪⡣
޷˵꣬һ֪Ҳ׵ġԸ˵ָʥ֮ϵĸ֣ʥ֮²ܳƺ֣
ֵԸ˵˲˵Ǹ£кξ壬ֺλµѰңЩֲʲôˣȣ׷Ǹߵġ⡯ߵġ仯йء׷ǡѰԼڵ塯ǡŵϦ𣿡
⣿ۻĺ𺳡
Ŀǰܴڳ̫׳˺һ׷˼
ɱ˵ĺֱףһЩ
޷Ǿ˵
ˣֵıҵȣˡ׷ǱҺң׷ڵļֵڷԼļֵ߲Ρ
ʥµ׷ѰԼ壬ԼĲĮԼҪıң沨Ҳп顣
˱ããҵڵ壬ʹڵļֵֵĵͬһǶԷںϡһ㣬ںϵĸһ㣬޼ɵں޷ˡ
ֱ׵ۻԼԼһ˿
Ŀɱ۵ĸммɱԼ˵ЩԼĿǰӴĵ
ܽˡۻĹĶɱһݣлָ㡣
Ǻǣˡ˵ǲǵѣѣÿҲϹѣҼĺܶϹ׽
ɱǫ顱
ۻģĽѣ࣬ļǿɣ
ȿȣǿһԳƣ
ʲô˼ǸΪθ࣬ȴǿ󣿡ۻĺܲ⡣
ɱˣܲ˵ǵûֻϹ׽
˺ܶ࣬ʷϸڲиۣȥʵ
뵽ˣţɱȻˡ
һ亹Ȼһ
԰Ҿ˵򲻼򵥣ҪǼ򵥵ĻͲǵģ
Ȼûɸ͸򣬲˵ǿһЩеǶԵǲġҪǵҵ˸ãĶ£˻˻
ѣɱѣ㡪ɱԸĿӣۻ˵˺üˣû
ңңû¡ɱ
ȻãпΪǱޱȵĴ
ô˵ԼҪﵽ׼ʥ
׼ʥŵԼԻȥģ˵ʲôµʹߣ



1117 ͽܣ
˵ɱĻԵۻĴܴ󣬿ɵۻҲɱ𺳵Ĳᡣ
˵Ե֣һα꯿ѺûˣɱۻĽΧ
ʵ˲֪иճʥãϣʦļһһֱڹעˣǵۻ
λͽķ˵ʥˣԵۻıָ⣬ӷֵʴȣ͸ղǷǿɵɵĻ
λʥˣҲꯣһ󣬱鲻ÿˡ
ɱֱǸ򣬲ϵĸۻĹʲôа
꯳ϣɱ˵öԣľǳ˵磬˲¹ͷ
ǱˣǱŵġ
Ŵվģǰģʲô˲¹ͷĲпᣬŲʹ
꯸ϣۻıֳ֮ĵʴȺʹ󰮣ҪΪĲпᣬԼӭֲпᡣ
ŵĵǸпĮĴڣ꯶ӦĵΪ¡
žǺĵı˺ͷɣۻıִ󰮵뷨
ԣɱġа꯲̲ס
ӵĵӣ챻ˡ
סˣϾɱ˵Ķԣʥ˲֤ڵ˵öԡ
һ̡
ǣʱ⣬˷ֿܽɱۻĵ顣
ǣ
һ̲סˡ

ֻۻĸ̾ĵ
˵ַߵݣȻıǿңħĸǶնɱҪǵŵݣһսǱⲻ˵ġ
ţȷۻĵѣƶɮΪҲһ³ɲҪĺĵӣҲҪһ㣬һ˭ºֵʱ򣬶Ҫ˼һ
ŶѿƼۻʡ
˵ʺǷӪںؾսóȻļ룬˵䲻ֻڻҶѣһС֮⡭
ɱ֮⣬ǵһѡӪǵڶѡڱĴãǶȺһ벻ᱻӵġе˵ҲǸ֤ǵĵ̫ǳҪߵ۷壬еֻۡ
⻰˵꣬ۻĳ˼ˡ
壬ߣѿɷ˵˵ԭһ⣬Ͼʥ˵ԴһһӪѵħ𣿡ۻʡ
֪ɱ̾Ϣ
廹ϹϾһȺ𣿵Ҳģ߲ںĻǱź;Ӣļ룬ǸʳͣҲԱ߲ӡ
ֵ
Ӫһңڣ׷ɵӪ˵Ĵ߾ʥ˵ĺǰҲǰգǰ֮ӣ
Ӫ֮ԺùħΪڲûиӵɽͷȺ
ʥˣĸЄʥˣЩǰǹ֮ˡûڲɽͷ󣬵׳ͷ
룬ˡס룬зšŵȵȣôڲɽͷлܵأͷ׬ãϾǵĵϵ
ħҲһûڲӣҲڤӡλʥһĴʥһʮħʹһȵȣ
֮һвĵģʳڶԱӣ㿴ôۺǲӪõģ

ɱ󣬵ۻϸһĥϺ֮ǰĽֻˡ
ûиõ
ҿˣҲִڲ̫Ҹϲ࣬ûзĵطۻҡҡͷ
֣õߣԼϲ
Ϊ̫ӣԼϲһ޾ûôص
ĴûϸĹأܹ⻹ˣ
ô˵ʦʦҰףûдɢ޻ĸˣɱʵ
⣿ȴڲطĺáۻĬˡ
ˣЩҰ׵ĸ֣ײͽģǿ󵽡ɱȻȻֹ
ףԣ԰ۻĵѣɱȻ뵽ʲô
ôˣۻʡ
㣬㣬ĵǵµģ˵ʲô𣿡
ңҲװ
㣡ðɣǷˡѵĵһ㲻ףɱƵʡ
֪㲻ΪΪͽɣۻЦˡ
ȿȡⲻܡĵӶ޼ε㡣ɱε
Ǿˡ㿴ͺˣżȻңһ˴˵Ŷѣ֮⣬ѵһҪõͽ𣿡
ۻЦˡ
Цɱˡ
ȿȡɱһΡ
ǺȻеתĵҲ˵˼˵ǡף˵ʲôأ
Ȼ
žɱһ֣Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ɱ˷ܵĵ˵ǣ㱻µŰǶҫ˰ҵ˼ǣ΢͸¶һ£֪жٸַ˵㻹ȱٸʦ𣿡
⣿ۻĺȻǰһ
ľ㿴òáɱ
ҲһĴʥˣʥ˾ҪҰһĸˣǷţɴӲŵ飬ֻϵķ棻΢͸¶һµĿãȻᱻʥ£Ų֪ʥǳңڵӣɱǰС˵ΪģĿɲͬѣõʦҲõİ취
ۻҡҷˡ
һֱעŭˡ
СУҰԼõӵƣҪ
ȥƺȥˣٲȥӶҪͺ¿ˡ
ꯣүŭˡ
ŭǣŲǿҲǹ٣ϵۻլʺ
СоȻֲֻ᣿
͹ˣŲҪ
ˣڵۻҡҷ䣬Ȼ
ԣ
¡
ֻһȣƽףʱѾϲɱҡҷĵۻŵһ㶡

꯳ˣҺεϢʱɱоԼҪˡ
Ȧˣһͷɫ԰ףһȵĿꯡ
ݼǰһ󣬸æݼ
˿⣬һֳȥѹĿɱ
ԵСУ֮ǰ̨棬ڻǲ̨档һǷǵ죬Ƿǣ׼ǲ˱ʥǴȥĿ־壿
ɱ!!!(??)
ɶ˼
룺үΪη𣬻Լˣ
ǰңңңɱ˵ôˣ
ǲҰ
С㣬ղԵ˵ĵĸҾǿΪΣ꯵
꯿ȥçײʣһͱֵģһʥ˵ء
⣬⣿ǿڡصģǰšɱĨ˰亹
Ȼ֪Ϊθղֲֻᣬںεأֺçʣ
⻰˵꣬ɱɵӾ͸ˡ
ǰõۻģһֱڹעҪܸղԼĻһ
ԣµĴپǣǰյۻΪӣڰпڼ䣬Լĸۻ֧У˵ȥš
ɱԩ
ţͽʲô
źӣǴӣɽӣôܣ
ζģõ
˵ԩԩ
Ҫ֪꯿ãҰпۻģɱҲġ
Ͳһͷ亹ɱ
Ϊߵ˵ΪŴĺۺϣΪǺĵıˣΪʥĴڡԣ룬ҲҺ˵
ߣŽһߣл˵
ǲ׷ŹֵΪθղŻ빫ۻıʦүµŵܡ
ʧǣӱ¿ˡɱѿڶ
⻰˵һ㶣
꯵ȮҲһɻӡ
Ȯһʱת룺ʲôԻٵĻô
ʧǣӱ¿ˣĻȮֹ
Ȳȥ˼Ϊдôˡ
һߵĵۻĳˣ̲סĲ˵졣
ͨɱ꯵ĶԻԼʥôçΪѾˡ
ǰԼҪԼΪͽ
ңһֱڹעԼԼɱĶԻǰһ
ǲţǼٵġ
Ժĵ֪٣һʱŵ˽⣬Լ֮ǰ꯿סľ
ܲ׺Ŵʲô
ɱѿƹĺܳף쾴ŵĻġ
ǣÿ仰ġ
žôߣĵλ
ңɱԩΪԼ밡
ͨ
ߵۻģǰΪ£
ɱ˿
һЦԼôçı֣Сˡ


1118 
ɣʥӦˡ
ӵۻģݼʦ
ֵ찡⡪ɱȻ뵽ˣʵǰʱȻ̲ס
ľ룿
ۻĳΪʥ˵ĵӣ
ŵϯ
֮󡭡
꯴ŵۻģ˳ɱ뿪ս
ţⲻܵ͵
Ϊĵı˺ɽۣϯӣҪѸµġ
ⲻŵӵͽϯ
ˣػҪеġ
꯴ŵۻĺɱȥʦӵĵ
һ·ϡ
Ϊʦղ˵ϲغ鷳ΪϯӣҪӦеεġϯӡһ·ϣԵۻĽ˺ܶŵĹء
ʵܼܽǣ
ģ飬
ΪģΪ
֮ǺĵıˣСΪԶСΪ֮ơ
˵ʵۻĻŵһ
꯵
ǰĺܶԣĪҪСиˣӦдģҲҪӦеĸ顣
˸ղɱԵۻĳ硣
һ̵ۻݵı仯Ҳͱʾţʲô˵á
˵ɱΣ룬Ҫ֪ۻĵѻᱻΪӣ˵ôϻ
ۻȴǺϲΪľˣϣԼΪһûи飬֪ʴȵѪ֮
ңԼСеΪΪһ·
Ӽסˡ
ţӦҪסϼסҪסԶȥ
ˡ
꯵˵ͷֵ
ʥʱĿ黹Ҫһʱ䡣˵ɺϣٲ־ͱŵͺ¿ˡʥԹСУ˵ĿǰԶԶĲʥԤ޻֣ٻһʱ䡭
ֵǿ֪޻Ҫԣ
֮ǰ˽Դһ꯺ɵĸָ㡣
ۻǴ޳ڣûдﵽڵĶ壬޻кľ롣
ң˵İĵɵѾǴ˿̵Ψһ
ۻѧԼĹԴɵǾкܴ졣
ЩۻĶԱȹĵɵֺԼ޵Ĳࡣ
Լĺͺĵɡɡɡ̫ҽֵ·ó
˵ɵ嫣ͬεҪǿԼĹ
ⲻ˵ԼĹãǸ򻷾Ĳͬ
֮ǰġվԼ̫ĶԻһ
ĵͱԴ̫Ũ޵ĵĻ͵ġ
ۻĵķʺСϡԴȱٵĵط
СͳĺɵгɾͣĲɵġ
ɵҪĵ̫ˡ
ԣĺ𻯵ִڵİУһշ飬ݴתɺĵķ
Ҳɷ
ԼСķһָһͨʹá
ĿǰĵۻģӪˣǴ𻯵ִڽʱ򣬾ͿʼӦĵɵˡ
ҪΪѣʵܼ򵥵ġ
СĶǴޣģֻǵһ̨ס
С翴˺ķ֣ǰ޸ɽ
˽Ӧ׵ġ
˴޻Ҫԣʲô˼
޷Ǵ޻Ʒѡ
ĴӴƹܣֵԲԼ˿̵ĽҪ½١
ⲻޱʾ⣬ǽΨһ
ô޻Ǵ޵͸Ҫ
ǰ֮ǰϵͳ鱦İػƷɱ
ţˡĸлƷܲǽڼӿ¼ʵĸδ컨͵ʮƷһ䡣
ۻģء
꯿ۻĵұ˼ǣػ֣ػƷһβܣǰˡ
⻰˵꣬˵ɱǵۻĶˡ
ʦ˵ƷעļΪ˵βܣεӵػۻʵ
⻰˵ĺۻţ˭ұ֤ܵػʮƷ꯵ĻòƺĲһ
ǲɻΪΪʦ˵ػǲУẦ㣿ʡ
Ӳҡۻĸˡ
̬ת䣬ǲ֪ת䡣
ǰۻ޻ģ뷨УŬƷҲҪƷ
һػƷ컨ʱԼúýܿƷĵ
˵ػƷ컨Ʒı֤ûϣʮƷ
δ޵Ŀܡ
ǣ
˵ΪͽŶã
ѾȻΪȫʮƷԼͶԲӵݡ
ֿʦʦŵġԡȻ֪ˣΡ
׷˼Լʲôʱһ˵ˣСеԼŲһģʱã
޷꯾Ȼû
꯵Ȳ˵޻˵˵ΪθղŸеΣǲǺȻԼһˣԭʼı֣Щطˣ֮ǰСвһˣ
ǣżΪԼʦġʦۻû
ʱɵ
ʦǸڵġ
꯵ǺĵĹ粻һı仯ÿһ߶еı仯ûмӪЩߵܣû˸˵ѡ
֪ԲԲ£ܸıһеģı֣ЩᱻӰġղŵΣֿʦŵ뷨ֿˣСûйɣ׵ʱ򡣡ʡ
ǵʦСв˵˶ĥѣɵӺףҪԼŬҲû˸ڵꡭɸղţȻ֣֪侹Ȼû֮ǰġ
ǺǡЦͶˣǺĵĲ֮ͬߵ磬ıһеģǴӷͨǵһθı䡣ıܷӦ磬Ӧģһ֪Ĳ࣬ÿһʵڷͨУѾȻıı˺ܶࣻСǷĶɽ٣ѵΪֻǿ𣿡ô򵥵ģɽҲܵһָı䣬ıӦĹ򡣡
⣿ۻĺɱһ㶣ԭ˵
ֵ׾ͺã֮Ǹ߹Ե͹ѹƺ͸ı䣬һС覵ˣĺҲΪߵĹ³ֱ仯ʥʦʯ˵̫ʦү˵һֵطܹĥĵġ
˻˻
һ
ĥĵĵطʲôط
ˣػΪʦ˵˵Ϊβػ꯸˽һĹһıǵԸһкԹ
ڸ·еģ˵ģСһﳤʶѡ
Ĵ޻עޣǶԵġҲǲԵġ꯵
ΪôìܣΪţǰǱʦү̫ΪעһУ仨עδҲ˼ģ
ʱسĻĹʱʦүʱҲʹ޵ĲΣ˵ʱĿǳֻ˵ʱľޣ
˺עһУʦү˵ˣС˵ģǻɢˣʦүתʱճӰ
οԲֻˣڤĺ޼𣬰ڤ񣬶ʦүָɵģתֻغɵģ
⣬ЩȲѵİ취ʦүֻأͨڶλλ
һοĲԲ򵥣ڶλˣܿʮƷġ
ۻģѨz
ɱ!!!(??)
Ϊʦ֮˵㻨Ϊб֤ġ⣬ĥ˵ǴػĲԲһ־޴ĵľʱ㣬һλԲջࡣ
ΪʦҪģֻǳСУǺǡ
ȿȡɱһΡ
ʥ˻ԹԼƻļƻء
лʦۻĸм
ˣ˵Щˣ׾ͺˡҸϣȻֽ佾ģܸ㣬δȴԼ͵ġ
ǣ
ţΪʦƶ·
꯵ʥΪͽ󣬳˸ȸ⣬㻨ƷҲ㣻
һλʧܣôѡһ·֮ǰ˵ģ
еڶڶǣһԲʮƷһܴĻԵ㣬˵ҪȡĻԵ
ԵǣΪһ½ٺֵ޵Ĵڡɹ˺Ȳ˵עǱ
ϸ˵ĵһֵ֮ӵǱŵʦүϣǴٺµĵһֵ֮ˣĵڶ·
·ôѡˣһѣɾʹһڶѣǳɾ󡣡

˵꣬ۻһĲ⡣
꯵ĲΪʦʱ˵ˣ׵ģôѡɡ˵·ǼѡС
ǣ
ۻеɫء
һߵɱȻĽǿʦŵĺô
Լ֮ǰΪõϵͳĿʼԼνǣԭһ̲ŷ֣Եġ
ڣ˵ˣϵͳָջˡ
־棬Լǰ㿴С˵ﶼûа
ҪġΥ桱飬ӷ־һȻ߰ԼŵĵһС
Һã
Լ˵ǣʶ˺ܶУ
ĻУǰԼŪɴԽĴڡ
ľԼҲˡ
˵͵ۻʶѩ̿ʶǽĹά
ϸһ룬ɱˡ
ԼǲģԼЩĴУİ



1119 
һˣӵĵ
ӵӣԵȺµĵҲ˵ĵӣʮɣؽɣ˽ˡ
ϸ˵Ǳߵһһʥ߳壬ˣĻʱ
Щǿ߸Ļˣˣһ壬ۿ׵ˣ塣
ǵ͹һˣûйԻͣѾȥ
ϯͬûжٷĹ
ĴսԼεḶ́ǼûС
ӵͽ飬ֳͷˡ
޾¹ȥˣ꯰ѵۻĴеꡣ
ңԼϯʦʯҲԼȥʦ̫ʦүġ
û뵽ʱתԼĵꯣŽҪµͽˡ
ۻŵӣԼʦʯȥʦʱ
úӣɡףиСУСǺ£Ӵĵ
ǴŵĵۻĺȻһɣʦʯоʯһһ˿ˡ
û뵽ʦȴһܴ顣
ȻҪꯣ꯿ɲôΪҲһָװɡ
ɱæʥˣǷһϲĵӣɱ
˵ѵĺ󱲣ãӵ
⻰ԪؾӶࡣ
˭ֻ֣ʶ
˵ͬŶ˴һ˵ϯӡ
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԰ݼһɱ͹ˣ˼ҵۻĲǡ
Ȼ
꯿ʼӽܵۻġ
һӲŵȻʦµţҲûʲôԵˡ⣬Ҳܿ㣬ĲԸ񲻴˷緶
꯵ӣΪʦӦˡ
лʦ𣡡
лʦ
꯺͵ۻĳݵ
ֵȻˣɣҴŵۻȥλʦݼһҪţ׹
ʦ𣬵д⣬Ӵŵۻİݷýʦ壬ʦ壬ѩʦ塭֮ȥݷʦʯٴŵۻİݷλʦ棬ǰȥ̫ݼ̫ʦү
ţ˷ãȥ̫ʱ¶ȫȥһ֤ͬϯšΪʦͲˣȥɡΪʦҲóôʱ䣬ͽ񣬺ǺǡЦ
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ǸжɣʮֵĹ
ʦ˵ˣҲԥһȥݷá
תȥɽĵ
ֻǿʼſȥ˲࣬Ϻ治١
⣬ţΪ·;ңԶ鷳ʡ£һĳ԰ݷһ£Ǳⲻ˵ġ
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˵ɱҲ򵥣꯿ʦү϶ġԽ֮ˣҲ꯲̫׵ġָϵͳ֮ˡ
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ǰȫݷһ˶ϯʯĵ
ۻǱ̫ϵģʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
鷳
ֻǼ򵥵ݷþУû˱ҪĿ顣
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ʯǼۻĵģҲûп
ǵ֪ˣۻţͬˡ⣬ȥɽׯۣʦԪʦ涼̫硭ֻȥɽͿɣʦľҲȥݼʱȥ̫һͬݼͿɡ
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ʯ˵⼸λҪ̫磬ҪҲʡȥ˺ܶ·̡
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ʱ䣬ۻĺɱʶ˺ĵĺ嫡
Ϻ̫ˣҪ꯴ţ˿ܼ궼ꡣ
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һ·˼ʶ˺ĵĺ⣬ʶŵǿ
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Ϊǿˡ
հݷõУʥ˾ͺܶ࣬飬ѩȣǽʮ
˵ϸ׼ʥ̫ǿˡ
Ҫǣ⻹νӣҪݷŶӡ
Ӳֻ࣬а˸ɸͻԪ޽Բ޼ɾӶࡣ
ɽôˣ˵ۻģɱӴǿҲʥˡ
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1121 
ꯣۻģɡ
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˴ָ̫ģŵͶӵ
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ΪľǴҲΪ˲ԼٵܵʯĶˡ
꯺͵ۻʦͽˣź·
õۻľȵǣһͨ쳹أͷľ
̫ĽǰвСã̫ΪԽԽߺֻܵÿˡ
̫ǰռľŴһһֱǺÿĿģĸע˼ޣҪɾͻǲܵģںϲ
ϣĸʥޣǷֱϱǳѵĴʥޡ
ۻĸʦ̫ͯǰݷ˿ʦ㣬ְݷԪӡ
Ÿ溪ͺʵ
ү꯺͵ۻİݼ
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ˡ
ǿһʱգ̫꯺͵ۻһ¡
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ĴˣݴﵽŵӲſɽ롣

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а˴ӣʼĿǻԵɺµָ㣻
Եɺϣʯǵ˵Ŭ˴Ӽӵţֱĺģ
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Ź󣬻ɺöͬԼϣҲп̸ܻ£߳ŭ
Կ϶ʢߺؾĵڶδսȻ



1122 
ʬ㣬ץץסͿˡҪǵɵӣ˵ĻȷܲɶԱ˵ʵ̡ǻ㶼ĺԶ
ڤɫĶʬ˵
˻ʬĪҪ㸶޷һ˶ѣֻҪһܵõǵİ㿴һȼ۽ĺǱ㡭ںгԶʳġ

ʬɫѿʲôԵȵĺвԼ
Լ֮ǰ˵Ĵ֮żˡ
ֲҹվ֧֣µˡ
˿̣Ÿ̫磬󣬾
ߣ̫磬ǾͲǵвõѵΪ˵Щ֪ʬЦ
֪
ʬͿó֪˵ĺܶԣ̫磬ǵ磬˵ˣǰд𡭡ѵΪ㣬Ϊ֪ò˵Զˡڤ
ʬ֪ЦˣʬȻõв
̫磬Ǿ뷨̫˵ˡ
ǣ
ʬȻΪĵǵܣ
ĺܿЦ
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ʬһˣſ¿ʲô֪ĿЦЦ
㣿ʬɫ졣òԼһα¶֪С
ڤôһ˵Ȼˡ
ڤӸ͡ں֪֪ΪȫûҪġ
ϵı
οһֱ壬ʲôֹ֪
йǴѵĶףսĻħ֮ĻսĽ
ͱʾ̫һҲġ
ԼȻЦóв
˵ǸöϧûС
˵ڤӡ
ǣǣˣʬ˱ŷӵ䣬еܲסˡ
ǣҲһ̫ڵ塣
˵Щ
ٱ̫磬ŵͷ˵ԡ
ܴ󵨰
ô󵨵ΪսƻӲˣȻұֳ
˵ԼĻҪػ㡣
ˣ
ڤӺʬķŭʾһĲֵ
ߣҪˣϯǷߣĹŵҲǷߡͷ˺Ĵۡʬסŭ󣬼˵
ǣ
ҷǴˡڤӺȻһ̾
ǰһɵ̸Уôġ
ʬ[?৥?]ˡ
סˡ
Լ˵ǵĹŵӣŵģô˵ǻǷӪģǸɵӰɣڤӵ
Ŵʲô㻹û𣿵ۻ֮ǰԲֵһᣬɽˣŴʲô֪أ޾ǧ磬ԼĻǵݡ콾㾹Ȼժߣôģ
ʬһ¡
ԼԼ
ˣˡ˽̰ǻۺʵȴȡɢ˿ˣԼ̰ɡ
ڤӺˡ
˰ʬ͸ˣʬҪꡣ
÷治˵ǿ
ʱƲ˵ûǻۡ
ѵΪ٣µɱΣ
ˣҲԼԭ򣬳Ҫ갡
ȥҴ˿ô
ȵȣ
ʥʥÿʬȻסˡ
ʬˣʬϣһıóѵϲ
ŶתеĿʬ
˱ʾݻˣղŲԸ⣬ǲԸ
λ˵öԣǿ顣ҸղʧǣܾܵɱΣҺλҵˣǿħˡʬɫεĵ
㣬־һһòƸ뿪ˡ
뿪ʬֻڤӺЦ⡣
Դˣֵ˵ʬʱˡؾĴսйɵĽСжؾȹɱ٣ͲǵˣҪ˲ġڤӴ
İɣһʹ塣ҪۿǡʬСȴչʾӣܱ˵Ҳᱻۿ˵
ţҪע⡣Ҳ޷˭һѣʧҲ޷һӶѡ
ţСĵΪá
ڤӺֽһ󣬲תɫֳһţͬ죬Ҳܼܸ˵ӡ
һߣ
ۼŷˣۿˡ
עڤӺСˡ˲⣬ǿԺںֻ棬ȴСۿ
ţ˵˵ͷ
ʱдΪУǾԵĺ¡
ǼǼڤôס
ǿԲںҪǳˣͲˡ
˵Ҿã˶ͷעһǣʬһߺ尵йϡǱߵǾ͵Ǳߣ˺ʬãʹĺá
˵ˣ΢ЦĿˣֵظλʹİɣȳϣ
ţҲСۿ
һ


ǺǣͺãҪ̹ϲкǰᡣש˵˵Σʵ
˵
˵˵ͷؾȻҪģǴơٶȺͶ٣ǻҪ˼һ壬̫ˣںĴ߶ƻ˾ԻԵס˵ʵ岻ӡ
ţ֮ǰ˵岻ϡڲһˣ˾ȻںΪһˣҪӡλᣬһ֮ǰˣǣ˱Ȼõ͸֧֡ǵڶ㣬Ҫ͵𶼴ӦˣҪ̫ܻ⡣⣬ǼҴҵĶܲ𡣡
Ѻͷ˵˵˱ʵļƻڤͬﻮ顣ۿһ
⻰˵꣬˿ûоȣеȻĸо
ӲŷֶԴֻҪ档
ٿأǲ˭˭Ӯܵõôİ취
岻ӦǾڤӣڤӲӦǾ壬ܻ˴Ӧġ
ã˾Ͷˡϵĵϣʾִйͬļƻ˵
ϡ֮󣬶ġ
Ͼ˭ű˴ˡ
̫磬̫Ĵģûйˣ˭ҷڣ
ðɣǵ⿴˷ڣΪǴ˭˭
޾µ϶һʢ簡
ؾͷ׬Ķ
˱ƾ˳ΪϣҪЮڤӵˡ
ʬ
ƺûᵽΡ

һʢ磬һʽ
ȴı
Ą̊́ǸΪ֣ߵӵ̨
ЩȻ̫
̫һЦǶܵô֮ǰĺأ
Ǵջʱ򣬷һվ˳ժӣ֪ǻ᲻ܣ
Ҳã٣һҲ鲻û˽ȡĺ;ηġ
ָƵ̫û⡣
ڤӺ˵ģںڸ

ӵۻģϵĺĹ֤ϵʦ̫֤
ӵۻģȻŹ棬ģ飬ΪģΪΪ㿪̫ƽ
ۻׯصģļ֤¡
ɣ
깫ʮ㡣

Ϊʦ壬ĺ°ɡķԪ
Ϊʦ塭
ʦ°ɣ顣
ʦ桭

ֱӣٵʯ
ۻķ֣Լˣ
鱦鵤֮ȵȣֱۻңλ̫ˡ
̫ʦүȼţ֤ԪĽ㡣
̫ʾҲ˵
ӵۻģлʦĸлʦү
䣡
ֻ̫ͷһ嫵ɫϢۻĵԪ
ʽš
ҪɫϢΪΣ
Ĺء
⳹װѹˣ
ۻĴӣֲ˹


1123 ˴
ۻĴûԼɽ;ôࡣ
ŵ󣬵ۻڸоİˣ仯ܴ
Լ֣κʽĽ磬ȻѹҲˡ
ʦеĸǣԼŵߵߣеʱ̫硣
꯺ҲʱһµĻɱ
⼸ɱǷһ
ۻʦʱŵһУֻɱ
ۻĵѣۻĵѡ
ɡ
ſڣԶɱĺ
ٺ٣ۻĵס֪ҽַʲô𣿡
ۻģ(~)
ۻĺƣ˵֪㷢ʲô
̫ôʯַ֣˺õľ仹ʲô
϶û뵽ҾȻ˷ߵļ䡶Ӿ𾭡׼þ󾭡ȵȣҷŸ߾ͨСû뵽Ұʦʦʦûе߷𾭣̫ʯֶУܲĸʯֵıϡ
һ鱦ذȻǺʥأҴ£ﺭݹۺеĹ䣬ޣޣޣޣʬͨ˵治棿һ˵ʦʿԪؾ飬ޡޡСɵҪԼص¼ʯֵУƹʯֵĻǰȻܾΣ
ߴοĳϣŸʯֵıԵ˿Сأǰ߾ڴ˵أ˵治Ȼ

˹ϡ
һһϴԼļţһЦţȴһ仰˵
ۻĺƣŵʦ͸ôһƫƧĵط˵ʱ̫ܵ࣬ʺ
ʲôҲɣһʱ䣬ƽƾ濴ˣĥѧϰʲô
ǵۻڴ˵ԭ
ƽԼ˺͸˱ȴϵںϡ
꯶˵Щ󣬾һۻĶ㲻
ʱ˼룬ԼǸٵİɡ
ĺģţ֮ûˡ
ɱڣɱжû¾Լꡣ
ʵɣҲ˵ˣЩѸ־ڴ˵صԭΪȫҲաϾôҵĺģ׼컹ǿʢɢˣǰеľ˴˵أֻҪƾƣԼĺ̫ѧϰһǣź̫ĸ˶࣬˵żһƪ󣬻˾ͰԼĸ򣬻Ĺ¼밡ЩˣҪǿź̫ĸǣչĹǿĹⲻϼҵĴһϢģˡ
ɱѹƲסԼĳ嶯߶߶˵ûꡣ
ڵۻû⣬Լ˵ʹ˵
˵ĸѹ¼ڵʯ֣ۻ֪ģ֮ǰͶԵʯֺĽʹꯡ
꯵˵ǣҪ⣬ȻӺܶ࣬˭ȫꣿ
̫ûôؼԼʺϵġ
СΪĸԸϹ䣬ʵɱ˵ġ
һﰲȫɢˣֻҪп¼ƣҴĺˣϣ
⣬ÿһƲ˵ֻȥָĵطԼɵ
ֻ˺̫飬ſֹ
ɱ˵Уۻĵ
ԼĹصȫ¼ǵһУǴ̫ʯֵ
ĳ죬λ̫ŵĸˣȻ˼ĵȻĦһĹ
̫ĸ˷֣⹦Բˣ߲̫ͣԼĸ¼ȥ
̫ŶǿͳĸˣǸֲĹģȼԼҪǿ
ˣõԼǿ档
ϲͲź̫˶ԼɵĹȤ
ź̫ĶĸˣҲڷԼĸ
ûֻӸؼȡġ
ǼᶨΪ˾ѧϰˣôҲǿˡ
Ȼ˼ҵĹûκջ񻹺˵İĲᡣ
һ򣬾ͲҪţҲ
ɱʶƺ˵ͨ
ңһҪһ꯶Եۻ˵
ǸľӢ̫磬Ҳһױȵͼš
һκʥأĻڸͷˡ
ʯֵϵﶼΪľӢտ˵ˡ
ɵľӢڴˣʱƣҲĸԸ̫þͶá
Ѿǰ֤һˣ˵̫ˣżʯֵŸ˿˳ˣõıΪӣһָһ
ǶôĻԵ
ɶǺĵĴеɺһ׼ʥûУ޾ߵ档
ôһ̯ǵõһ޸ָ㼸䣬

ѾˣֻҪŵǰߣҾͶһҵԵһҪסɱֵ
ˣ
ɱ˵˵ſڿˣۻĵĲˮͺȡ
һһᣡ
˻˻
ʲô裿ǿȻֱӵӱԴ̫˼ˡ
ɱƺ·֡
ĿŵۻĺȵĲˮ
ʦӻļʦҵģ˵ȵкôˮʦ澻ġۻΪѵ˵˾䡣
⣿ɱˣ̫Ҹˡ
˵ţһ̾ҹȻǷǳˣΪһ̡ڲףŵǿڷ档ŲţȵˮҪǷ棬
š
ֲǰ㣬԰ˣǶССģһҹǸʧһ˾˳ִı뷨õת̡ɱ̾
ţۻĺȻһ
仰ƺ˵ۻģƺ꯵Ŀˡ
Ǽλΰ˵ɧ̫ʢϣﳤ˷ηۣȻǰá
ۻŸ¶ˡ
Ȳ˵ɱĹ磬Ϊôΰ˺ˡ
˵̫ˡ
ʦǲԼӦеĵԼ
ɲǣۻĻȻʡ
ԣԹ塣
ҪɱȻۻһУܱȵۻĻҪ⡣
վԹ۵ĽǶȾͲһˣȻ˵ۻġ
ˡһ
ۻĸоԼĺȻˣ
˺Ȼƽˣ
ƮƮɵǺȻƽˡ
лѡȻ䣬ۻĶȦɱл
㣬㣿ңôˣɱܲ
ңеħϣղŵĻҡۻĺεĵ
ңôɱʣ
ǰǿˡΰ˸ǿʱһҪȥ翴ۻĵ
ȿȡʧģҹԳƣʮӡɱε
ʲô˼𣿹ȻǸ˰ۻ
һǴӣżɱε
˭ۻʡ
Ҿ˭˼ǡɱһʾ֭˼һҪһ˾
˼ˣҵȷҪۻĵ
ȿȡɱԽ˵ԽףۻˣԼ˼ġ
ۻĵѣ˵㲻ţ͵Уǰֻ˵ġɱЦĽ͵
ԼģҪֱۻĵˣ꯻
ԼǳԹġ
ôܣ˵ľǾǲηۣܶ԰ۻĵ
㰡ҹȻǸ󵼱˵֮һ
ɱ֣ԼǽͲˡ
Լ̫ѧͷﶼᣬȰˣѱԼó󵼡
˿̣ܵ˵ۻģǣܸо󵼵ĸࡣ
ѣʲô㣿ʲôҲӣۻķֺɱȻĵǸԼϲܰԼ
ȿȣǹԣ붨ɣ˼ǣڲΪԼǸߣԼǸ˱ơҪǿŷ֣ҪǿвͨҪЭˡɱЦŸۻĽ͡
ͶУΪڹעۻĵꯣִסˡ
꯷֣еĺĻеȻĵۻģܺð
Դ˵ȥܺ˵Ҫ㻯ۻġ
λ˵ĺܶԡЭ䲻õİ취ʱҪЭȻ붨ɣۻĴ
ɱo((ѩn))o
׾ͺãȳˣʱ㡣ɱоԼɱɢˣˡ
߲а˵ȥࡣ
㡭ۻãĿɱˡ
ôˣۻĺã
һߵꯣϸ׽һԼԼԼĺܶѣͽİ취
Լʱ³çĸ
һ̾㰡
УҽҲҪȥСеĹ翴ʮӺˣ档
ʱûʱ䣬ȻۻˣʼĽ̵ɡ


1124 ӵ
ɱ뿪ãۻĻڻζɱ˵ʱˡ
Ӱݼʦ𡣡
ţľˣʱջСĿŵۻġ
Ӳɱѵָ㡣ۻĳʵ
ŶСлͣˡ֪ʵ˵
ֵȻľˣʱĥҲˣ߰ɣΪʦȥ硣
磿
Ϊʦĵ磬ĪΪʦͥ׷ۣ
ûУ֪ۻĸæҡͷ
û뵽ԼҪʦȥ磬ΪʦԼȥɽ̫ء
ƺ˵ۻĵĲ⣬ӻۣǶһ̫ȥû𣬵ΪʦͻޱȵĳʵĶһ
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㣬꯴ŵۻȥ硣

ɽ̨
ۻ˺ģۻɽĶԼġϷͰۻĸоĿ
û뵽ת˸䣬ʥ˾ȻҲǰˣ嶼ʦүҳϸߡ
ǰݼǰ꯺͵ۻĶԺĵ

ȻȻһһЦǱˡ
û뵽д˳ɾ͡ĶԵۻĵ
ǰԼΪѯʺзʶ˵ۻģû뵽ŶõۻĺԼһˣǵ£Ī⡣
ۻĸл֮ǰǰָ㡣ۻĶԺǸмġ
ˣԼ˲ÿİ˰ֵ֣ʦȥ
ǵǰۻĵɻ󣬺ǰʲô˼ƺ
ꯣиҲС飬꣬ҵĵ£ԲȴȱӦеȷ緶Գʱ뿪˵أɷ鷳㣬ָۻĵʱҲ˳æָĺȻ
ۻĸоɻ⿪ˡ
Ҳһʵûʲô𣬺ľųɵ鶼ã¡
ӻĹžͱӻˣ˵滹ûξ͵õĶͣ˵һȺҲ˵ͨ
꯵뷨Ų֮غܶ࣬ҪǺ˵Լûйˡ
ʦү̫ʦүںָ󱲺ָԼĵһ
Ȼԡ꯵
лˡǷɷ꯰
ңңǰĪҪˡ꯼ͷ󺹡
Цɲʦүһֱӻĺ峤ʦĸð
ԼҪǱʦŷֺĸԼǷл˵ˣʦʯѵԼ
ǳɡֻĵ
ʱֻһСŮˣʮ߰ӣȥܰԣžβû
һһЦ˺ģֻǵвԶֻд޳ڵʵ͵ۻĵͬ
ĴǳǵСС汾ʥܾˡ
ǳݼǰİǳ
꯸æһɻԭʦүСдģŮӻֻԵ
Ȼǰ˵ˣȻȫȫĽ̵ǳֹĵ
û˵ʲôû˵ʲôŵܹ
꯿ԼȺʥ˻٣Լǽ̵Ҳһкʥ˽̵ĺá
ʥԼָ˼޷ԵӰǳļʶ͸ʲôԵָ㡣
ǳкĵڣԼʺϡ
ˡ
ң
֣ðǳǳһһͷ档
ɵȥɣԸι̣Ҫ͸򣬸ĹУҪҶĽ̵ڷ̨òõĶģӿܻܼѣȴҪȥɡ
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ĹȻԸһ£ĺãһԸҲͬ
еͷ󣬽ѵۻʴȣǽ̵һС겻ð찡Լܲˡ
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ѵǰ˵ۻĵĲƽ֪߳ĵһ죬аǳմȾˣ
ҲܶǷߣСݰɡ
뵽
㣬û뵽ˡ
꯴Űǳ͵ۻĴ̨ȥ硣

үүˣСǾߵү
մ󹫼һ飬ȻλߵѹȣͥһѹȸС
һǶүŵòᡣ
ôΣոλˣ˭Ժǿǣ㿴ңҲɲңΪ㲻ҡ
ǣΨͥĸˣַ񱮴еѹƣ
˵۵Ĵģͥսꯡ
ۻĿɿڴĴ󹫼Ҳн찡ôԼʦ
뵽Լǰ䣬Ȼûмǳûǽ
ţͥΣйµʡ
үͥתܺã˭˸ҲʵǾ
ã֪ˣúõĹˡ꯻˻֡
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ǵˣˣȻһˣǾתͷһоϤ
㣬㣿Ǿ˶£Ӵôˣܶס
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СΪǶүľ˾ˣͥ˵ǶүĶΪ
Ӿ͸ˡ
һᣬǾ˺ԶȻפ㣺ԣҸоʶ
ǲǵˡ
Ǿҡҡͷ˿û𵱳ԼԵۻҫӡ
ڵۻģںˣʹ󹫼Ц
꯴Ͱǳȥһ˼䣬ݷ꯵ĸĸۻΪİݷһǳҲǡ
֮꯴ȥͥݷ˾˾˺;ĸԼ߸ãȴɵ˵ۻġ
ۻĻǵԼȥͥʱ򣬻ĽͥϺͺ嫡
û뵽һ̣Լˡ
ûͥɶƺʦүƺԼ
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ţ˵ĲκΥشƵģעҪ̭ʥǣڰشơڤҲ
仰˵ķӪ
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֮⣬ʥ˻ȽǽһЩܻطԼʽԤеȡ
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ǣսע˻ܾˣ˭Ҳ׬ô
˺ڤż£ʥˣİæĵۿˣˡ
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Ҫһʤʱǲܵġ
Ҫһսʤˣôĺˣ
ֻеƶõļƻȥᱩ¶ʱǲŻһսʤ
ҲĻٵʱ̡
ɣŵװףߺؾӡ
ڤˣΪʲôӦ
ΪвģˡۿǾв㲻ӦǾȥĶ֡
ԣڤӿȥ緢ӣʵп˵
вˣް취ֻߵ˶եȡô
ʬֻȫ̴ͣɱΣ˵ãҲ֪Ҹ
Ҳˣû̵̫ķΧڣ׷ֵãֻðռƻ

һҵѧϰʼˣڷߴӪؾӪչ
ĵĽ̵ؾطڤĵĴڷط
һξǽ꣬ѧɳʦڶδսʼˡ



1125 
Ҫȥ𣿡浣ǵʵ
ǵģȥģһʱôֹܸоԡ̫ͳ
Էɻͺ쳾벢䣬Ѿȥ˺ܾá
һȻͣˣѵǷɻͺ쳾ıѣˣ㲻ˣ
òƲܡ
̫ϲһĲƺıֵ͵̫о򵥡
һ͵ˣܲǺ¡
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Ƿ֮а˸ҸǿԼǰȥΣյġ浣ǵ
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ƣ̫Ӧˡ
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1128 һս
Ժ̹̫ƽ
ʱԲ̺ĴԽջ͸ѾĶ̫࣬ʼ˸ıչء
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ʱһξǰ꣬ڴڼؾͷߵĴսܻᵽĴ죬Ǽһʱͻһս
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飬ڴڼ֤ߺܶࡣ
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У̫ƶ˹ǧ磬ķվ
ķ߼ķӪûм롣
ݱĿǰӪһԡѪսһû͵ĬĵŻᡣ
ȻĽŲȴˡ
ؾӪԼߴӪ
һٶ´ս˴˿ʿҲԼĺηʼɡͬ
ϼɢ޾ͿóЩĵɢ޸оߵĴҪˣǼ빲ֿͬؾ
ؾӪȴȻͬк֮ܶǰؾɾһɱ䡣
ԽԽûּǣĺĸо
ʣµؾǶҪˣôĴսȻûдӾһҵϣǲԼעҪ䣿
뷨ؾҪ治ȥˣ͵ۿ˵ȵǵĵط
Ҫһδδսˣ˾һʤʱˡ
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ʥֵܺ͵ۿ˵ȵѣڿǵĴսȴҲΪӳľսжһεĴսѰһ
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УнǧѰһӦˡ
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˵ꡣ

ˣ
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1129 
̫չ˾ſˣߣ
Զڱ˵Լǿûгڡ
ôſ񣬻ʱ䷢̫չˣ˱͵Եúǿ
ôġ

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һؾ׼ʥˣȻһһƪ˼ĹӡԪС
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ֻԪһ죬תΪԭ˵ļ򵥡
ͻˣͻˣתɹˣҳɹ˹
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Υ̫˺ôԼõ˸˺ǲø̫
ֻô̫⣬ԼղأЩԼԭڷ֮ղصģҲǸղؼҰ
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ٻ᳹תߵıԴԼС鱾ԴǿıԴκ´ͬǴµ顣
ٻúĵıʧźĺͻĽ谭ĴѸٵֱ磬״Ĺ
ٻǺܶ˵ĻԵͿѣɾ޼ɡȻҲԲѣȴﵽ޼ʥ˾Ųٳ
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ΪҸı䣬Ϊı䣬Ҫ˼ġ

ıǲܵģֻдΪұ仯ˣܵkĸı䡣



1130 Բ
ΪһΪ㡣
㵽һͻƻ㵽һĵݼǺѵһ
졣
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ǵһᣬڤûκεĶƺ˺ѡ
Ӽᶨǵ뷨޼ѡʱѣԼ˸϶þͶá
ףһ㶣ʱ˽ģѵǴٵĸı䣿
˳Ĭˡ

֮⣬硣
˺ܾõĵۻڳɽ
ԲȫʮƷԡļᶨĵ˵ͷ
Ļˣٲ׵תɺıԴֵˡ꯵
ͨۻĸ꯹Ĺ
ʱ䣬˭֪Լʱжȹ˶á
ʦһ磬˵ŵĲƲһʥ֮µĥĵط
˵ʦү̫ܾǰѹ磬ŵĵӶ˵ĥǶļλʦ档
ŵһС磬˵˰Ѵ˵ؽĺ
ݴʶʦү̫һ˿޼ɺڵĲΡ
ڤԼ컯ԪۻĶȥȫǱȥġ
вʮƷ˴޵ԭ
ĿǰΨһҪľֵ֮ӣ֮ɾͻԪɡ
Ҫһ
Ӹлʦ̵
ĪҪ˵ˣҪлΪʦŬֵ֮Ӱɣ㽫ǵһҲǺܶʿĽĹʱľѾȡûܰ㣬ʦ̫ľ飬֪˿̶ԲԣϾһĴҪ
ǡۻʮĵ

ڷ֮ء
ݵһð˸񼤶ˡ
ôô죿ľȻôʱͳɾ˴ʡ
ʦǣŵһ
Ҳһľٶ
˵ǰ̫ӹ̫
ڷ֮صǶĿǰ˵͵һĺ
̫ĻҪȥ˵ھŻٿǡ
һҲܼĳɾʹ˾ųɡ
߲ڵĻǲܶȹ߲֮µǿԵġ
˾˵ǰ䡣
Ҫ̽һ£Ƿһһס
˵꣬˸ȲĿھŻĴݡ
Ǿŵķ֣Ȼݴȵļˡ

һһµе㲻ȶǺĸճɾʹأҪٵȵȡ˿̱˵½˺ܶ࣬ȶظ£ȵȵȡ
һ˵ɣɵȵ֣ذ
Ҫǵȷһ˵ıȻȵļˣɸռԵʵ²ȶҪˣͲܲˡ

ѹסһǰ˵öԣǵһ£һ¡
šһ̬Ǿ޴µǿѹ侲
Ҳõ㣬ͲûôˣЩ̲סֱӳȥ
ԿóԵھŻĿжǿҡ
λǻҪ½Ĵ㣿
Ȼһ
⻰˵е䣬˼ǣǽ˿ɱ߹
ǰô˵ʣͬһ
ǵһͽܣǵһ
ɵʱЩϵĲҪˡ
Ӿܱ֤ѱ䣬ܱ֤ûб뷨
ܵģԱȥͼͷһʦǰݣ޹ؽҪ
ǰ˼ǡ˾䡣
˼ǣλĪҪǹͬĳŵ
⻰еأ˵һڶ͵⣬ʣ˺Ȼһ
̫˵ģôڸǣԼ˸µĵǺá
ԼЭƺǿ϶ģΪû˻ֿϣȴִ



1131 ۻֵŮͽ
ˡһ˿ڶ͵ûκεİ취ԼȣΨһľλԼľ񡣡
˵꣬ڶ͵еأΪҲǺ°Լȥ˵ھŻ磬Ҫȡ
Ƚ˵ȷһ˵ģԼûκƺİ취
Ͼеİ취һ̽ȫʧˡ
ʦǲġȻ˵˾䣬Լ˵εĻ
仰òƾǷϻ
֮صĴǣȻ˳Ĭ
Ŵݵȶȶ˽ھŻ硣

ںɽ硣
ѾƽȣȻǻ̽չǴʱˡ
е鼤еܣȫ鶼ٶ˷ܡ
ڱһͺɽ
Ҳ˴εĴ٣ڿʼɡ
֮ǰ̫ǵԼ𽥵ʧˡ
Ȼʵ
ΪǴ޼ɸܲͻѹΪ֮εǣȴǸܵޱ
ѹ̫£Ĵ
ǳ˾Ÿ⣬ʮɳΪġ顱
ʱҪڶҵģ׾٣ֻܺʹںشĹ򣬳׳Ϊһ顣
죡
һѸȻע⡣
ӵۻģҴ٣Ὣ׷Ѱʦ̫㼣Դ޵ֵ֮ӣ
䡪
һֵ֮ӣѸ棬𶯺ġ
´˿̵ĺʮ

һʱĺܶȦġ
ʲôʱŶ˸ӣû˵
оģǴǰμӹۻʽġ
Ǹо
Ҳ̾ŵǿֿ֮ġ
¡һȦֳ֡
ʹǰֵ̫֮һһĺȦֵ֮ӡ
һĻܶڹעǲΪԼҲΪԼº׼ⶼǾ顣
ֻۻһ
ʯ¼һ鱦мƷ鱦ĲΡ
˳ֵĿ顣
Duang
ֻǹȦۻĻ㡣
ۻ˿ȻʦүмعԼβһ
ڷˣʦүصĲࡣ
䡪
Duang
ϵĴ߶Լķײֵ֮ĹΡ
ֱ
䣡
յĹȦֱۻĳˡ

ˣۻĳɹˡ
Ȼˣˡ
ǰۻҪˡ
Ҫ˵žǴ˼µΪģǿʵܶġ
ȷˡ
٣ȻΪߣεۻֵ֮Ӿܿó˵
š˵˵ͷ
컻غ󣬲ûʱߣ
ȻΣգչ
ۻĵٶƺǹ۶ˡ
ŵʱҲǵʱǴ
ΪΣۻ֤Ϳó
ۻ֤˴ĺô˺ﵽһޡ
֮⻹˵ǹ£Ϊ̽ӰŸΪȣԼǴҲӰ
һߣ
𣡡
ֻһ͵ۻĺĵˣӵۻ˳Եۻһݺ֮ͨӵĽ衣
ǵۻĵĴ޵ͬǰ̫һ֮ӣֱɵһ
Եۻ˵ԶԶ
ɹˡ꯱ȵۻĸ
ͽ˻ʲôġ
ۻ׼·ڶѣɹˡ
ۻĵ˴˿̵һ졣

ӪԶһɽ壬
һŮջĿ⡣
ۻĵǲɹˡҲҪȥҵĵˣڴ
Ů洡
٣ĵתˡ
̫µָ壬ѰԼĵӡ
ʦ˵ǰǷɻһȡʲôأ
Уʲô˼أ
ĸתԴɢʵѾںĸǿͱԴˣĴڣκ˼ﶼԡ
ɻתһҪѰңĸΪǿˡ
Ů˵ģɻǰļûˣɱԴȴûɢ
Ǳ̫ӻתŮ洵
תѾǵĶˡ
ϣӣƽ˼ҡŮ뵽

ɣʥرԵشһʿ
˵Դ׷ݵϣʵĺˡ
޾µţѾԳӢǿʵǱ
ҲģǵʥصıԵش
㣬Ǻòײվסŵġ
˵һУͿˡ
Ϊһʿйδңġ
κΣٺһжˡ
ɲǽɲ࣬ҲĶ˽ķɺѹ֣ʮֵơ
뵽ԼҪĺӣŲԵķˣһ̾Ϣпʵ
ŬʵڲҲԺú˺ͺӡ
죬˸еʹҪ
ۡӶæһš
үˣǸŮޣү
ү
Ȼһĺӿ֮˹ص
ŮޣɺȻһį
ǺܿסˣʱŮ޸ʲôԼĺӡ
ת˲¡
ΧĽʿԼһЩ֮µǣǰء
һȺ͵ģ⣬Ƕص淽ʽϰߡ
ǽɸֵĺӳʵͷ緲˺ӳûʲôͬ
µ죬ڸڹصʱǰ˵һŮ˵ΪС
ɺɻһʱ䲻ԡ
ԼߵˣҪŮһ㣬˲ʱ
Էûд⣬ǰӭ
Īܸо²򵥡
ֱŮӵʱ̣Īĸеһ־ηͳΪɵ˲ףˡ
ִ˵еĸˡ
¹仯ӵɺ
Ĵ£Լ˳Ϸݵ뷨ŮӱȻ򵥡
ĺӱʥ

ɣߵʥˣ
һ¾͹ˣŮӾȻʥˡ
ҪȥɡŮӣǸָŮ洡
ǣ⻹ǵһμʥˣֵ̿ľһ
֪Ǳָ壬֧˼
֪ʥ˽٣һǰطɵʿǣȫʥˡ
жĿʼϱ߲㣬Īֵʥ˽壬ܲӡ
һᣬɰѺӱ˳
Ů΢ЦĽӹŮޣֱԴĸоŮ洺ܸˣ̫ǰҪһ˿ԴעǰɻԴԵʡ
Ů޿֣Ů洺Ȼʡ
ʥˣûиСŮȡ
ŶȻˣҸȡһΣŮ洵

һƬȻ
ˣʥ˽Ϊ˿ĺӣȡҪΪ°
ˡķɣæŮ洿ͷ
ʥʴȣԸ⣬Ը⡣
Ů洵˵ͷǰ˷ɻգͽзҡҷɣҡҷӡ
Ů뵽
ҡҷָңذڶݶڷڶӣҲָԵõӡ
ɻҡҷ仨飬ɡҡҷңԵá
ȡҡҷΣŮ洶Էɵ
ʥ⣬ǹɼĵ
ãȻӦ˾ͺáŮƺϲŮޣһĿŷҡҷ
ֵʥ˴ǰΪҡҷ뱾ʥԵʥΪŵӣԸ⣿
ɻ˵ʲô
ǹĸŮͷ
ʥҪҡҷʮǡߣ˽űʥôѡŮ洵
ҲǸģð˼ĸŮŮ¾ͲɢȻĺ
壬ĺᣬŮ洲
Ըʥˣʥ˴ȱʥ˴ȱɻ˵ʲô
ĻԵ
ֱӲÿǣʥ˵ŵĶС
Լлˡ
ãˡǷȥʰһ¸űʥ߰ɡŮ洵
һ㶼Цĸλǰصĵѹ֣ǴԲסλ
ĸ˵ģֻƾһʾϲʥǰǿɲҶ˵ġ
ŶˡȻŮ洵㻹֪ʥš
仰ڳȫһ㶡
ʥţ̫µӣŮ洣ҲΪʥĸŮ
Ѩzѣ
ɶ
û壿
Ů˭ţ
ʥĸʥĸ˭ǣ
ףôϤ

ʲôŮʥĸ

ȫˣԼվʥĸ澹ȻʶТӰ



1132 ɻ磬̫
Ůͽ壬ֱӾ߲㡣
εǣʥ˵ʱŮѾн߲򵥵Ľһº󣬾ʹŷһ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱ߲ʥĸ

ɽ
зΪﵽ׼ʥԲ
Ŀеĺ۾
ͽĻԵˣȥ֤ʥȥɡ
ʦ𣬵Ӳзһ󲻽⡣
ţڴٺ󽫻ԲٳΪ鿪֤ôʦ˼԰
˶һһһҲһ߻ԵǿһԲ֮Ҳ˼Ե
˵ģз˼һס
ٵʱ̣ѾԲҲ˵Ҫɾͻ鱦ˡ
ȻûпϢԭǵµĶһ
֤죬ԲһҲĻԵ
뵽ˣзĵͷǡ
֮󣬺з߳ɽ
ƷſصʱһǴһӿԪС
ˣԭˡ
ǾͿ֤ɣ
䣡

ˣ
ֻһѹϯ磬̧ͷУԭǿġ
ǣ
һ󲻽⡣
˺зˣ¹ŵӡ˶һ֮һԲɾʹ֤죬Ӵһ

Ѹ֮ǰۻֵ֮һһѸġ
һ˿ԲԵҲǺзĳֲ
֤󣬽һ¶ԲģҪһΪ˿̴ҲǴΪѡ
ȻǺзˣ
Ȼô֤ˣ
ˣǴٺһ֤ģ㿴ǰѸ¡
˻ֻԵΪûǵķݣѵע֮ӣ

ܶһ̾Ϣ罾һҫĺзе㲻ܡ

з˴ο֤б֮ǰĿ֤֮ˡ
٣ıʧĴ򸲸֮أϵĺġ
ڴ̥Ĥʧ˲˰ٱٱӵĻУںĵֻʮ
Դ˿ں֤죬ڻһ

¡
ֻзֳ̹ᦣһӻС

ֻһѿڳ֡

ʮΣзںпٳһռ䡣

̫ͼͻӿʼȹ̿ٵĿռ䡣
ɣ
ֻзһϣѿٵĿռ޾ռ䡣
ٵСһǺĴȹ̣Ǻʹǰһġ̰֡
鿪󣬿ɰСúİȶ
ȥɡзһ֣ѿգȴʧˣ˿ٵС
ǣ
ûʧ
ڶз֤۾ģзʧǱӦȥģɺȻɢûиȥľٶǡ
ǣ
˿ſ
ֻдɫӳ˿ϡ
ˡһֻ
Źâʤӳɽ硣
һɾ޴ѹϯ̧ܶͷе
ʱ
ֻɫϢʼڣһ޸Ӱʼ֡
Ѳɽ̹żĲˣ֪ڴٺҪɾͻ鱦ġ
໥ڣӳľ޸ܻǿ츫
Īɣ̹һȡ
Īɣǿɾͻ鱦ںΪһɾͻⲻɣ˻ʱħĽ׶Σǲлġ
̹Ҳ
ǱԤĶˣںϳɻ·֮ص𣿡
̫̫ڱչأҲ֪̫ѸܵûС
̹һ߿ſһ˼
ʱɫĴԴһ⻪
Ҳʹ˷ֿ̹ŸӰʧˡ
ڳɾͻ鱦֣Զͨ鱦ǿ֡
Ϊ츫ֿʼ鱦ΪĶеһ鱦

ԶڴԴ֮رչص̫Ȼһ򣬱Ҫһʱܽĵ㣬Ȼ˲ˡ
ǿõµġ
̫ӱչ˹αչؾͲҪã޷ǸŴѣû뵽
̫ṩǿĶڳĴԴ£̫Ѹٵĳ˵ĲıݣΪﵽ˵֮˫ߡ
һǿĵϴ̫ɢҪڱԴ֮أʱ̮
һ̫ȶ˵ϣȵĴﵽ
ʱ̫ʼͨı仯
һߡ
䣡
ڿĿȻյָһǻƳոߵĵطȥ
ֱʧ˺Уɻ
ʮֵĲ⡣
ȼʶ˺зִ֤֤ףʹǰ¼һҪȥУںľͿɡ
ּʶ˿׻鱦ʧˡ
ɻɢȥˡ
ڱԴ֮ص̫Ԫеķ֮˺ܶࡣ
֮УԲĻ鱦
ֱʱԲ̡˳ӡԼ̫
ǱٻĿ
֮У̫ʼ׺
̫ϲķ֣Ȼֿǻ鱦һ
̫ϲˡ
û뵽޾ûʹùȻںĽҲ˾޴ı仯
ںΪ벽Ŀ츫߶ʹã֮صĴɡ
һ̣̫νǵһɢ
˵ǿҲߵǿֻ㣬
ǵһڶ˽룬̫˵ƴնɱһ
Ǳ鱦һ벽ȥ֮أֻҪһڶǲ뱾֣һĻնɱһ
֮ض̫ѺãѹʵȴѹƵĺء
˳֮£鱦̫аʰһڶˡ
κ̫ȥ֮ؽᵹ֮ǰǴ򲻹±סʹȥᷴ
̫׷ű˴
ֻҪһᣬһҵڶ͵䵥ĻᣬƴȫնɱǣֻҪնɱһһԪ飬ʱǱ߲ʱ̣߲㣬ڶһ϶Ҳаնɱ
֮صĴǣǵĺӵͷˡҲûв磬Ҳûвġעɾ㣬עɾʹ
ȵ˴Σܾͻҿһ챾˺þˡ
Ȼ䣬̫һ˿
ó̫ܡ֮صͽǡ
Ҳ֪֮ôˣشһȹ̣ǣ˾ͻɣ
һᣬãҲ׼ˣɡ
һˣ̫ȻȹΪʱҪڽǲܵġ
ȥ˽롣
ಣ
̫ʧ˴Դ֮ء
ĺֻطֱɽԼ̹ŵĲɽ
ӵˣֻ̹֪̫ټ˼ǲ̫
𣬻Ϊ̫Ҫˣһ֮ǰˡ
̫ôסҵ鷳ˣǵġۡ
ѡ˺ܶ˼һµЩȻģ̫ɣ
۰
Թȥ̫ټĵط
ڱ
ڴ٣ϴǰıɺںϣѾˡ
У֪Լú󣬴ȶԼܺͺһµĵ
ʱ򣬾̫Ͽˡ
ΪµǣֻǴµ飬̫ƹܵ顣
ֻҪѭУΪǱ̫ǿܴѹ̫ġ
뷨Ǻõģδ˵Ҳõġ
̫Ĵܲ⡣
ѵ̫뿴ڵ뷨
һ湻СĵģҾͲĿǰܺԡο֪ǣжǴµʹǰһأ
ߣǲʱ㷭ģͲ˵ˡ뵽
ֻ֪Զûлˣܻһֱ̫¡

Ĳͬɶûԥָ̫ȥټǵĵط
˵̹ûûб仯ȴеɻ
ԭٻԼ̹ź𣩡
ѵǣ
һǣ룺ѵǷ֮ص顣

˴ټλΪ˷֮ص飬ĳɾʹʾеĴᱻһɣ˵𲽵
ֵĴ۾ǣԨ͵ھŻıݽܴȵļ֮صĵǽܽ롣ǴǵھŻ磬Բܿŷ֮صͽǽ룬ƻǵļ԰
ŲӭȥټλѣȥԵⲿˡ
⣿ˡ
ѣĳ̶ǣĿǰ֮صǣʵ
̫˵Ⱥܴ󣬵߲֮֮µӦöܽ롣Ҳ˵˵һڶ⣬˶ܽ롣
Ԥǡ˻롣
̫˵꣬һ󾪻ţ룬Ƕǿġ
̫ô˵˼ˣ
֮صʮˣ
ˣɻͺ쳾أôû˵ˡ
뵽ˣֵ̫ˡڵһ϶ı£ˡΪ˲ˣ
̫΢΢һЦ˵
ԭ֮ǰɻͺ쳾ͽˣñˣλΪҲѾȫնɱ̹ŵ֪λʱںǺĵĿˣȻǿˣҲû鷳ˡ

ʲô
𣺦(Ѩѡa
˺𾪡



1133 Ǹ
̫ѣ㣬㣬˵ģŵʡ
ʲôʱɵһǿ߾һˣ
ƭбҪ𣿡̫ʡ
æǣᣬǵ˼㣬Ϊ
̫ܲԸĵĿǰСн˫㣬ټϼ鱦ټǡ˽룬ֻҪסˣκһ˱׽
⣿
˵ˣ̹Ŷˡ
̹Ѱ˼˵ԼĹҰû˵̹Ŵ͵ģⲻ̫ѾȻнˣ治ġ
ˣǱ߱˵̫ߴٵ
á˴
һ·̫˽һ顣

Һ̹ŵѵ飬סǣûʱȥµĵֻҪʱ䳤ˣǶȻиı䡭ĿǰҪˣĽǣ
һ˽Ҳ޷һԽһצʱܽˣҲ׳һزʱ򡭡
һ·ϣ̫˽һ¡
ˣ̫ҰĴġ
ҪԼʱסеĸܽ߾ȫնɱһ
ֻҪһնɱݻһ£ԼǲˣԼҲͶЭġ
ԻȥǣԼˣʱ̫⣬Ҳĺ֣ܿ
һܽв
ˣʣµĵһڶҪ֪ʲôʱء
ο̫Ĵɱȥš
ţƻã뵽

̫û͸¶ںϳɰ벽ϢϢҪһ¡
˵һЧ

һˣ̫Ĵºܿ˻Եش
˾ʹ˳Ĭŷ֮شĽ롣
һȾʮʱ䡣
ʮ䣬ϴǰʱ䣬һԪʱ䡣ٵһԪ󣬲ǺĻǻ綼졣
֮صĴҲˣȶڿȥĵھŻ硣
ǣˣܵɵϢ

ڷ壬˸Դ
˵ҪȥˣĵǵһˣǺܣԼȥ
λĪҪǵԡһǲĵ˵˾䡣
İʦ
⻰˵꣬һصĿ˿˵ΪʦŵĿܾ㡣
˵ԲɾͲһˡ
Ҫ˷ѣŶͲˣġ
ҪΪڲŽᣬҪȥռôһͲ¡
ţһζĵ˵ͷ
һĻŪúΣ룺ѵʦҵ뷨ˣ
ɣûб¶
ӴھŻ磬Щ˳˵һġ
ЩģΪʲôŵԷκһĻᡣ
һĶ飬ںԼȥ
Ըڵ͵壬еѱ
ߵһ˳˳ˮµġ
˷֮أеһıûܵٴۡ
𿴲ǵһĵӣɴ˵ԸŷҪŸа
һ˺͵ڶӦòֲ٣Ͳ
Ӧǡ
Ǵ˻һܵ͵ĬˣƽʱҲ࣬Ըпɰɡ
ĵӦŮȻǸŮӣɱһҪǿܶ౶
֮ķɻҲ˶޵
ʲôŮкܸǾŴĴ档Ըȴ
ڵ
Ҳܲ˵Ҫ̫ˣԻڵλ
жжΪڵģõ֤

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ǵʱеر
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͵Ҳае顣
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ˣûҪ͵һˡ
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磺̫նɱһ͵
İɡһоڲС
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̫뷨ܼ򵥣޷Ǿǣʲô뷨̫ͣƮˣҷҽһ
ûҾǣ̫޵Сһ

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̫꣬û˻شԴλʧˣﲻϣ֮أˣǿΪĵط
ȫǣֵ̫ǰ·һ𣬵ڶλôѡ
˵꣬ˡ
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̫͡Цˣʲô˼ҪôҪôѡһ
㣬㣬̫ʱŭˡ
ġ
ӦԼ̫ܣȻԼվ̸̫УԼܶôԼ̫ϡ
̫ôô
ãܺá֪ǲҲãʡı˷ѿ࡭̹ţ˲סĸ졣
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ȵȡһ󾪻š
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룺˵ôһǿĴͷôʹ죬͸ɣ˵
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սͿʼˡ
Ѿ͵ںϵԱѹƵĲǣɵĵסˡ
֮ǰµǷԼܶ࣬ԼĽɺںϵѹƣȻô򵥵ľѹ˷ܡ
̹ţȴǿŶ̹ŵӴ֮ߵס˵֮
ֻֻصһνֺͻˡ
̫̫ǿˡ
ԼȻĿƣԼֻصֻأչ֮°
̫ǰ쳾һ쳾
ֻأµĵܵܰ
Ǹܵܡ
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һʮֵĿ죬кҪˡ
̫ͬĲ˵󣬿ʵĲ̫ˡ
ںϵѹƣԼս벻Ӧ⻹ڴǰĲС
̫ݴͣںϵӳ֡
˵ĵֻغǿǱ˫ߵ̫ĲܱȰһߵȲϣ˵
㣬̫ҪֱӼ鱦Ҫô
ס֣ǿ̸ˡ
̫һ㶣̸
䡪һ̫Ҫ㳼㾹Ȼ˵̸ǲǾͼ
ȿȣеܲסˡ
ҳ
̫һ㶣Գ
䡪һ̫˵ˡ
̫㣬
䡪һ̫զ

Duang
ֻߴγ֣̫ˡ
һĻװ˿ɵˣ̹ˡ
̫ôɵĽˣҲ̫ȽˣʵܵҲ
ŬסǾУˡ̫Ʋˡ
Լû뵽Լôǿ
Ȼɱɡ
ȵȣ̫ѵȵȣҳҳҽеܡ
䡪

ֱ̫Ӳᣬ㳼ҲУͷɻһõĳ
ܣλܣ̫ˡʱ
һĻ̫߸ˣ˭뵽ľ档
ֱ̫ˣͱˣΪ̫ĿˣֲĿˣǸԼˡ
Ƿȥֻܱ̫һնɱֻ·
סǡ̫ŭ
ֻ˵ͬʱһѲݷ򹥻ȥ
̫ȴǸֱӣȥ·ûŵȥˡ
ⲻУҪ˾ͻˣ֮ص϶͹ǿģҪٻȥ񲻸Ѱ졣
Լ̹һܣסǡףǲܣԼ
䡪̫һҪݻؼҵ
һڵѪڸ̫ܵǿ
Ͳ̫ǿ
û뵽ԼȥһԼƴֿˡ
ţǺҲܵˡ
ΪҲؼҡǱ̫ѹͬʱ˳ǵŪˡ
У̫żˡ
û뵽ð磬ȻҪ·ȥ
ǲޱ𣬲Ըڻ磬Ҳڷ֮س
ǵأ
䡪̫ȫԸĹֱӴݻĲ

ֵֻ̫ǳĻᡣ
̫ԶܵǣԼ
˶ʱסˡ



1134 
ûûһĻᡣ
ಣ
̫˵꣬һߣеԥ𺳵ˡ
㣬㣿ʲô˼ʵ
˼ܼ򵥣ңһӦŹǣǿһ̫˵
Ϊʲôʵ
˵̫ǿʵԼֻܰΪαˡ
ߣ˲˵ǻȥ˵һǻ֣ԱܲԱǸᡣҪô֮£٣
ѡ̫
⻰˵ֻ꣬͹ˡ
̫ѣҳԸ⡣ֻǵ
ľҪ̫һˣȻʱ
ܺãʶʱֻΪܣ̫ܲЦ
һԴΪ㳼Ĵֵ̫ۡ
ǡǶ˵ʹӦˡ
ֻޱȵĹϣһԴȡе
̫Ѵ˱Դѹˣͽ˴Դ
û̫ôѹסǡ
ѡֶ̫˵
򵥵ˣѸѡ
仹̫ôԵ¡
ȿȣѴӦɣûʲôģҴǰ㡣ֻҪ㲻𺦺ĺͻ磬̫ѵΪбҪϷŪ޷Ǵ۶ѡȻ
ƺ̫뷨˴һ¡
ȻĬˡ
ȥΣա
ƴȥˣҪˣ˻һ̫
ҪǳԼôܳԼ𰡡
ѣеһǰءһǰԼɽġ
ȥԱȵһǰԼô졣
ҴӦˣ̫ѡˡ
ʱǶģԼ䲻ǵһܱȵá
ಣ
ҲֱӰԼıԴȡ˳
ҡȻеڵĸоļ÷Լʲô
ûлˣɡ
̫˵
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ѳǺһ̫ô˵㻰
λǲһ͵һǣ̫ҪǸղһѡ񳼷һ档ûУԼѡѡһȰο
̫ѾĿݣȻˣʣһԼҲͲˡ
ǰǶԼܲѺõġ
䡪
ֻ̫ȫޱȵܡ
̫ҲܵˣȻȵǿһ㣬һ㣬նɱ
ղԼնɱͲɾͼ򵥵Ķˡ
Ȼˣֻ̫пʼ
Ȼ䣬ѵֿܵһ
һһ𺳣ǿһѾ޸Լϣеܶܲ˵Σ

ֻһâ˸̹ŵȹս˶еһֻΣ
âֻĻĺۼ
ôһб̫նɱˡ
˻˻
ʵŵòᣬ̫̫ˡ
һôնɱˣ
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ѣѣΪ̹žȻе㺦µĸо
͵ںˣܸо̫ҪնɱԼҲѡ
̫һЦֳĸо
նɱľٶʱ̹ŴɱķһʱԼڿ𺳣̹ڹս
оһ
ʱ̫ſˣյܵܣǺ
ߣ˵ǵĽң𱾲ܷ֮صκһˣ̫еǿᡣ
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Ȳ˵СûԼҲ򲻹̫
߰ɣȻȥɡ˸˵˵ء̫
İɵѣǻġܹ
һǰ뷨ûˣʲôԼ̫ǿ˾ͷ̫
ǲڵģǿЦġ
̫ôֲ˵ɱɱԼʵʵİɡ
Ҳæͷ˳Լ׼˳ʱ׼ġ
Ϊ̫ʦģû뵽顣
̫ûʣҲæ˳Ϊղ̫ıʵŵòᰡ
߰ɡ̫һ֣뿪ˡ
һ·ϣ
˽ܣǰ˺ܶࡣ
ֻҪʵʵģ³ưԵģ̫ͲԼ
ԼˣΪҲǡ
ԼҪ̫ôǿԼ
ģֻҪԼ˰ȵľͺá

ģ̫˽
ôţôϽΣ֪ô
еƺ˿־塣
ǿļģҪһʮ˵Ĵļ
̫ȴûغģȥ˻
ȿջ̽һ·֮
񾪲ȡ

ڷ֮أ飬Ǻû䣬˺ܽš
µģ˵ı
Ĵ
ⲻܣôһǷһ
ԼĵӺȻˡ
Ŷʱ䣬ȥ˻ͷĿ̫Ҳôɡ
ɲôնɱġ
֮󣬵һʧȥһݵĿŵڶ͵
ڶ֪ǵĶĿǺ˵ǲʹãȥ˻Ǿͺ̫ϣȻĵ
˵
ȿȣˣҲ𾪡
ǵģҲԡڶ
ߣƭϣ̫ôɵնɱΪֻǻ˵
һеʧȥˡ
ԼצȻȫˣֵûɵĵһ͵ڶԼ
һŲţ˵ʵǵȷйϣǲϡǾûôǣǱˡڶȻ
⣿һһ㶡
Ҳʼѵȥ˻ѱ䣬ôɡ
˺ȻĬˡ
ָһ˿ǵĵһɢȥ˲ʵʵ뷨
һ͵ڶ޴Ҳôǡ
Һֵûɣôʱˡ
˭ɱǣ
̫
ԣ̫Ǻǿϣôױնɱġ
ⲻ

˵̫һΣ֮ء
˿̵Ļ磬ѾûʲôΣյĵطеˡ
˵ĿģΪ˲š
̫óԪ飬һģһģһǲġ
ƺҲûãŸûãǾ˰ɣǿһ㣬˵ܴﵽ㶥塣
ԪⶫǰԴԪɣɵǵ֮ΣǺ
磬̫ǰѱԴԪ˰˸ӣⱾԴԪڵǷԴȪ
һǷεڰһ󺣵ˮһľͰ
ΨһĽǣ鱻
˵ԪǴӴ֮гɵ۵Ĵڣһ޼ɵԦˣ̫ˣԪҲ˷ˡ
ԣԴԪⶫûá
֮ӵĿ߳ΪˣǲܳıԴԪġ
ҳɵҲʲôݾ
ûнݾģֻܿԼ
޼֮»ܽɵ˭޷
ˣ̫룬Լ˰ɡ
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žûá
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̫Ϊǰȹֱ̣㶥塣
̫뵽ˣںߵıԴԪ飬Ԫûá
ֻһδﵽ۷壬ҪԽǲܵġ
ѸٵԴԪ̫һջС
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ȥһ°ɡ̫㵽
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ܵܣ׽鷳
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ţȥ϶ӣ˳һݼɸŵܻ֮ȥƣܷ䵥ʱֻ̣Ҫһ䵥Ļˡ
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̫ںԵ
ǺѾ˵̫̫ܶȻŹĻᡣ

һˣֲˡ
һƴĹϮ̫չʾݼʱˡ
ֻһҽУ̫̫ȻޱȵǱ
˵˴С
һ쵰𻹻ġ

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ҵһ쵰ȱ֣̫˵ʲôǶżҲа
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治֪ҵ̫żˣǶʰ㵹ã̫ˣôʣҲ
ǣһŭĵĸо
˵ڣҲҲκηˡ


1135 ϵͳĵǣ
ص̫˼һղԼݼ
ȥѸٵĽˣǱڲͣػɸ໥ΰɣ
뵽ˣ̫ȷغģһʱ
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ţȻ˱Ȼȥɡзӳˣȥȥĵطˡ
˵̫꣬ʧ˻Ե

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Ϊзƽȥֲг֮أһЩΥʧ
죬յʦٻ
ǰһ£ԼŵѾȹΪʱȥĥˡ
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⡣
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ΪʦҲ֪⣬ڵ㡣̫Ѳ޶˿ڣÿοڱȻҪ飬ȥˡ
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ս̫磬ͷһĺУ̫羹ȻкУ
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ԭǴδʱڣʱ޾С磬С粻ԲЩʧҵµġ
Щ˱Ҫôʱ©
ֲõٻԼԭٻԼΪԼʹ
ϴЩ򣬾Լʹ
ԼһҪǺг̫ˣʱմҾҹ
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ٻϵͳ㻹˵ģҵһŽɵƣֱӲְ֣һѹ(?n?)

ϵͳֻܵȴˣϣзι㣬ǧзҵҲעⰡзˣǧǵзˡ
⻰˵꣬ܶ޷ϵͳˣ
룺Ҫˡ
ʱȺϵͳһƬ̾Ϣ


1136 Ĵǿԭ
зĵڶ磬һ޵磬ʶд޽ɵĲΡ
˵صǿ̫ҽɵĲΡ
Ѹٵ˴˽ĴԽߺ󣬺зеŭˡ
û뵽ĵڶˣһҪĨļһ
һ괩֮ˣԵ򣬽ָһһɹ
еħˣ˹ǽʹãɾʹ˽۷塣
޼ɵʹã˹һеᵼ»Ǻǻۡ
ħ۵ļһһ˺ܶ෨꣬³һŰӲѵˡ
ĿǰѾǴ˽Ψһռ硣
ɱΪ֣˵ڶ̵ֶˡ
Ӳзŭ
ûһô磬Ϊһķչ׳
ѾŤ˼ά´˽߱ɱ޶ȣʮֵҰ
죬зħ۵Ķ
ף˭˱۾Ȼ¹򡣡ħۺȻԼǰһˡ
ѾУ޵̫õԵʣвԼ
к޶ȣɱԣҴг㡣
ಣ
зúʹ˼ƽϣֱֶΡ
㣬
Ȼħ۸оԼסˣסˣ
Ϊ̫ҲΣѾأ˾ȻҰַסԼ
ҸֻŵǣԼȻһ˿ضûС
ǣǣôôǿˡħۻˡ
ɡз˵˴˵Ԫ
Ȼͼ䱻зˡ
ħۣһףȻû֪±նɱˡ
ף
飬һ棬ǰһ׵ġţԳӼʲô˼
̽һħ۵ļ䣬зһҲû̫⡣
ֻ֪һеһɶҲûеļһʮֵķףо˶⡣
Ť꣬ڴҵõ˽ָ󣬿ʼˡ
޶ȣɱԣ·ǱһеĲ
նڽָɹİ£˴˿̵ĳɾ͡
ֲ꣬ô߱ɱ̣ϸñĨɱ
з֪ǣûϸ΢أԽԽĵԤס
˴ĻԴȪ󣬺з뿪˴˵ء
֮շת޾С磬˺ܶԽ֮ˣеıɱеĻ
ںзɱʮԽߺڻˡ
ĨʮŮ˸ˣһɫһеĵط
ڣге˻ֺ̿ͽš
о˫ĻڲٿһУеĵط
ֱԴȪôôа鶼
ԼնɱʮУȫ
طֲĵط
ңѵʱ
ôô˵صĴԽߡ
Լ飬֪ûҲǵġ
ˣǾͿˡ
ÿµĵﵽж鴩ԽնɱЩ˵һûͲ򣬿ǵ㼣ȴǱ鲼硣
ҪҪ͵һ£˵һ˳ʱʱմңôĴԽߣ
Ҳˣ⻹ǴԽģǵжģ
뵽˺зеֻܿš
һҪҵ򣬳Ĩ硣
ܿ¡
ǣĿǰУûн˵ˣʱȥ̫Ҫȥ
ûе飬Ҳһº̫
ųصģз̤С

̫ջС
ںзһ켣ʱܵδ֪ı仯
Ҫġ
̫磬̫ӱչ
ܵзΪ̫ЦȻδ֪ı仯˵棬зĲ
ǣӦðѺзһɣҺסûͱ
֪׷鵽ʱ򣬻᲻еƭˡ
뵽ˣ̫ڵ򣬲ܽкзܿҵҪҵʱҲϵʱ
̫ɺ뵽һ⡣
ԼϵͳһЩָ
ڱԴڸߣԼ趨ĹԵʣǶǡ
ЩСô죿
ϵͳ飬ⶫܲðġ
̫֣ǿļϵͳѾʼˡ
ɾʲôģԼϵͳģݻϵͳġ
̫ǰϵͳͽָҲǧ
㿴٣
ЩϵͳָǿЩԼϵͳָ߽ˡ
ͨһϵͳͽָӵ׳Լ
ǵĹ̫趨ģԴҲǣҲ˵Ҫǹ̫£ЩָѾ߸Ĺˡ
Щָ̫趨޼Բ
̫Ҳ뿴ûһܴﵽԲĲΡ
ˣԼչҵɣҲʡıԼ죬ָϵͳԽ˱鼰磬ҲǵĹ͡
ֻǣȱ۵Ķëסһ޶ôõָȫǵˡ
뵽̫е
ȻǶǵڵ򣬿ɲȫʹõ˰
ȫʵһЩ飬չҲôչ˵ġ
Щϵͳ鿴ҲǵزҲǵɣԼ˰Լˡ
Ҫټǿᣬⳡ桭
̫ûκεĸı䣬ֽ˱չص״̬

ںС
Դ٣ȫתʬΪ׵ķߵõ˷츲صı仯
ģǿʼĿ⿴һһ·ߡ
ǿڵķ֮ĺȫԼƴġ
ԣ˱Ȼǵ£ҪǵĻ
һʵҲ˵ͨ
һںǸʱǿĵţ
̫ģһûйԼû·Լ
嵮ĵһ峤Ҳˣǿߡ
뷨ʬ˸оԼȨ֧µķߡ
ܵˣĲںҲ
˭˵Ҫǵģ
ҲǺͺһ𲽣ΪҪǵġ
Լѡܵ
⣬ǿǵùǺһ㲻ˡ
οҪл滻ݣǸΪһߡ
˵ڻҺƫ߳ģҪѡǻ

ʬȻỻ
һȷܣӱƫ߳ģĳɾΪдǰĿѡ
Ŀѵȷܿ࣬ҲǴ˿ǿ
ԣʼìܡ
Ĳ뱻ȼʲôˣҪҪλø⣬ɺλûߴȨţ
ūڻ
㣬ûķӪ˺üĶ
ҪķʬһһһԼ¥Ϊ׵һ
ǰ߶ʥˣȻˣʥ˺󶼸Լĵϵ
ķϼһɲǱŰɡ
ĿǰߵĴ
ʥ˵ķֻ˵ķĳ֡
ҪǴĺ棬ʬģʵ˳һ
ͳһһɣȻ׳ڲǺô
ʹĻʬģͲ໥⣬໥˴°ӵľˡ
ȨֿˣֹƨĶˣ㲻ҵģҲģ໥Ų˳ۣŪ¡
ǵķԭ
ҶѹΪһǿƣ˾ͻһ㻹ֻܺǡ
źͷ֣⡰ӡΪһԺĴˡ
ǷӪԼԼµĿ
ҲǱȻԭ
ת˱ԴͺһȻԭ
ںģ۷ûʲôڲķֻͺڲüϵ
ڲֻдɾ͵ġ
ǺĹϵġ
ӷǿմϢЩǿνһģʣͻʵ۷⽨
һֻһʱ۵ģҲпʵġ
ûгƤ׳Ƿչġ
ǿյУƼħȺܶ೬뷲ųڲһġ
ᳯϦģ׼һ¾Ǹɣɶ졣
Щڲüģ̨ҵ̨Ǹ໥Ĳ̨Ͳ÷չˡ
ԣ߷ֳĸ󣬺Էߵĵûˡ
Цڲͳһ໥˴°ӣ㻹ΪǿǿЦ
ԹԵġ
Էչĸһ໥˴˲˳۵ĺá
ٺ󣬴ĺ㡣
ˣҪһֱǿʢҪǵĸˡ
Ǵٺһı䡣
֮ǰǿڣǿҪǻۺͳһС
ԣѸٵķֻû䣬Ҳ塢壬룬ȵȴʼ
ܺͷ׳ĻᣬԼԼȳˡ
ĴǺܽŵģڲһ£ֻһС
˵ߡ
Լ󣬺еġ
ɽʹģȥʬҲܣ鶼ġ
ƺδδľȻķսһĸֵּܷҹ
һĻ뿴ǵķ
ķǿߣĿǰϵ䣬һħʿ¥
˼һδе㵣ǡ
ʱԼһԳʥˣ̫ˡ
ķһдսͳ׷ּңԼһǱ˲ʳľ档
ôһҪҸɡС
˲뵽ŵӵۻġ
ۻľһõıɡųῴԼ̫ˡ
ҪǽӴԼһ˭ҪСĽ
ֻҪɡۻģԼһʱ䣬ԼɳͲˡ
뵽ˣţȥݷϯۻġ



1137 ݼ
¥ĵ˵ʵۻһ㶼ȡ
ںܾǰ̫ꯣ˵ⷽ顣
߱ȻῪĻԼٺĵһǡ
ͣ˵˵ľ
Ȼ֮ǰ٣Ҳ˵˵ľ
ǣʱûν췢ɱԼеڣǱɱΡ
ǻ٣ûٱȻ췢ɱǱɱΣԼڡ
ȥˣʵˡ
û˱ɱεҪ̶߳ȵǻۣûǻĽУɡ
ûǱɱҲˣӿֺǻۡ
ͬû췢ɱɱѾÿĽ٣һӵѡ

ۻĿд¥
Ϊۻʡ
¥ҲûûƵۻġ
˵ûҪҪҲаţ
ۻĵѣƶΪǷǶЩѹǷͨ˿̣˺ģȻҪѹǣⲻƽ
ǺǣûоԵĹƽۻЦ
¥ŵ֪ǿΪ𣿵Ǵǧ򻯣ǿ߲һѹһУǿ޷죬ֻһǵûȨ
˼ǣۻʡ
ϣΪҵͷ
ǺǣⲻܵģӦŴʲôۻ˲;ܾˡ
ƶȻ֪ƶҲվƶֻѸһʱıӻʼǿԼֻҪһʱ䣬ǽ޾һС
ۻź˳˼
ʵ꯵˵ҪΪͷģⲻǣ˵⣬ʹԵʡ
׿ЩҲΪʬìʼеĴ̡
ʬĳûǵġ
ǣۻҲֵܱ¥һ˵ʹӦôĻ֣ôˣ
ǸѧʣҪѧϰ̫ʦү
ԣۻԵúΪѣ˵ͬҲûҳߵݣǣƶ˿̵ݲֵܲģƶͷƶʬЩˣƶһչʾǵİΪֺŶɱʬǵġ

ۻ˵Щ¥ʱ˷ˡ
ۻıԼ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ĲԼǻۣۻײ˵ݡ
ѣ㲻õǣ㲻վģվ˵㲻ӦӦҲҽܡǱе֪ƶ磬ǺǣƶѰ·𣿡
ۻԵúܲʵô˼ǣ

¥˵һѣۻΪѵĴӦˡ
¥ˣҪȥ׼׼ۻļ
ʵƻܼ򵥣ǵۻȥһĴӪ
ȥΪʲôѰõѡ
ûѾ¥
˻ݳһϷϷݾǡ

죡
Ӫŵƽʡ
¥λѽ٣Ҫô¡أǲʺôϾʬʥ˶ǻ񡣡¥֮µŴ֮һһԪߵ
ԪİɣûкͿʱ֪ôô¡صķʽҲΪֻҪλѳ֣᳹׸ĹǴ˿̵ľ¥
¥ĻԪԾˡ
룺˭ȻΪһνٴ˵أʬջצ
¥ѣĵǣԪʵ
˵꣬¥̬Ŀ˿һ̾ϢʱҲˣĵӵۻġ
ʲô
ۻģۻĵѣ¥ûЦɣԪԾʵ
Ԫƭ¥Եʮֵܡ
Ԫ˲ˡ
ѣõۻĵѻģΪѣԪǵ˵
֪֪ܻʧȥѡǴ˿ô죿ʬǶʱʱ̶̿ڲ͸ôôȶò˶Ǿͻᱻʥ߽ġ¥Եúܡ
ԪһʱҲˣ޷¥
¥ǹĺ˽Ĳأʵиõİ취ġ
ۻʲôݣ
ȷµķߣ˼Ҳš
Ŵʲô
ŴһС
ۻѵģɱ¥ôĵдⲻڱʾǣ
ⲻǾʬǣǸע㣬Сҵѵۻĵŭ
ǣôõۻĵݣԼҪǵۻģݣԼġ
Ƿѵģҵõġ
һʾ¥Ĺġ
λʾ֭ϧʧȥһѵۻġ
Ҳ˽ĵġ
ԪȫûҪʵиõİ취ʬ֪¥͵ۻǺѣܲôõۻĵݡ
¥ΪʲôĲһ
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ĵۻºҲܱһ߿లοã᳹ʧȥѣһܹԼĵλ
¥йģҲ˽ģԪ֪ô˵ˡ

ΪɷѿİƶȲˡԪܴûнҴǡάһ䡣
ǺǣҲΪ¥Ц
¥˿ŴУԪѸ㶨ڿǸ㶨ˡ
ǣҲԪһ˽ȱ㡣
ȱ¥ûʲôбҪԼֵе˽ǺõģûвŽ˲ء
ȻҲ֪Լ͵ۻݳһϷ
Ϸʼˡ

ӭѼ١
¥ϲӭӽٵĴ˵صĵۻġ
ۻĿʼչʾݼˣ˲ŭˡ
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ȿȣȻҸѽ͡¥æס˵ۻġ
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⻰˵ꡣ
ʲô
ǵۻģҲ˵ӭӵǵۻģ
ֲ¥ôʢӭҾ˵Ϊһֱڿҿңĵľ棬ԭΪӭӵۻĵѰ˵ۻĵѵݣҿʥ˻ҲҶǴѹ
¥ˣ֮ǰ˵ʢӭһѣһڵôؼʱڣôΪһû뵽ǵۻĵѣ˻ӭۻĵѼ٣Ϣȥʥ˻˯ž

һڴǰΪ¥飬ʱϲˡ
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ۻģ
ˣ
ֻһŭ𣬱ֵһˣˣҪˡ
¥ƶ㵱ѣ㾹Ȼˣ㲻֪ƶ𣿡Ҳգ͵ƶûʶѣƶˡ
ۻƾҪ뿪
ȻķתˣоҪ
ԪǵķˣҲżˣۻҪǺ¥ѣԼˡ
õۻģۻľˣЩΪۻĳӵˣûġ
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ѡ
ͨ
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ѣƶ֪ǵĽ㣬ƶû취ЩվȲĳЩˣʱпܱūۣѹնɱ㿴
¥ָһ±Ƶ㿴һһˣǷã֮ǰͱĳЩѹ˺嫵ĺģЩ˻ǳ
˵һͬܣǻŭ
ĳЩˡָ˭ȻԶ
ֻǰʬġʥˣ˵˵Եò𾴡
¥Ļ˵꣬˵ģӵױˡ
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֪ҵĴұ¥
ۻƺ˳˼һƶƶҪʦѯʡ
⣿¥ˡ
ðɣʹ˱ʦôѡƶ˵ġۻ˵꣬εĿ˿˺ˡ
ˣѨzѡ
ʲô˼
ô죿

뿪Ӫܾú󣬵ۻһ֮˿
ϷݵĺʵƶһαӰֻˣʦүʦľģƶҲû취
˵ǵۻϷƭ¥¥ۻĵϷչһϷ
ϷǸղŵһĻ
һĻ㣬ǵۻˣɰû취ֱӰ
ֻ̫ܰ˵Ļ֡
ȻĻ֣ȻҪһվ
վ˾¥
¥Լ˵˵ۻģô˵ۻġ
͵ۻչһϷ
Ϸʱȫˡ
Ϊۻ˵ȥʦŵ
ʦ˭Ȼš
ԣû׵ľǰ˭Ҵע⣿
ţֻҪһûϣû˸ҳ׵Ĩ
׳ʱ䷢չ
ʬǻŵľϣվ֣ᷢȰȣ˺óʱɳˡ
ʱ򣬾˵ǲ⡣
ʱʬվ֣ᷢžǲԼҲ

ӵĴƣѵۻǣ
׳󣬵ۻٰаֻɵʬĲԡ
ʱеļƻͶɹˡ
ʬһʱ򣬵ۻվʬˡ



1138 ü
ú󣬵ۻĽӪԼ¥Ϊ˲䴫ɽ硣
ʬ桢ˣڵ֪˻ŵһȡ
¥Ȼ͵ۻǵѣһݳһĻ
Ǻá
Ȳ˵ûиǰǲȥѹˡ
ŸľϣǴӦ¥Ҫ
鷳ˡ
ȻһֻǷߵĲֺͷգ׳ĺ˵¶ɽ˵ҲһС顣
¼˿ɽ𵴡
𵴵ģüݷ̫ԼȥϢ
Ϣɽ糹𶯣üҪȥ֮ӳɵˡ

ǰüǰݷ̫
̫ü˲䣬֪ü޼ɾŲԲֻһ֮ңˡ
֮û벻йؿüûʱ롣
Ͼ޼ԲںϷһʱüѾȫںϽС
ڵǷۣԲҪȥ֮ӳɵ
üٳûв룬еѹҲеûɡ
ʲôû
졣
̫ü̫
ֻüһֻ֣һͨ쳹صˡ
ſռĵϣÿһ֦Ҷ·ͨһ硣
Ƿ¿ռɡ
̫ѣƶ˼룬ΨⱾܳ顣
ü̫˵ĵһ仰
̫˳˼һ˵˾䣺㹻ˡ
ü˿
ȥ˲ĶԴ
ֻףü̫飬Ȼ޹˼ɵȥ֮ӳɵ
ĿǰΨһĲԲ̫еȫˣ֮Ψһľȥɵ
̣Ѿüռ䷨Ϳռ䱾Դһ
֮˵һ鱦
üΪ˳̫Ѿ˼ġ
Ϊŵʮ޾úܡӡ
̫ʵȱüĶ̫ҪǲӦΪüãǺü
˵ʵü̫ܾ
̫ܾüʱųɵˡ
л޾Ķ飬˵ˣüɵ󵫷Ѳǲհ
ü֣صĶ̫һݡ
̫վüһ֣һų֣̫ü˵
º̫ŵо仰֪Ųţ̫üİΪüĻرסü
üĿ˿̫̫ܵġʵ⡱
Ϊֲأ
üšü
Ϊ֪ԼƹܶˣҲѹնɱܶˣ˵һжΪҵػеĵԲѵ˵Ϊ˺ġ
üæֵΪ˺ķǴԲѣ˿ٵġ
üޱȵļţ̫ƹܶˣԼ
˵̫Ϊ˺ģվסġ
̫ΪǺĵһ
ܵõ㹻ˡ̫Ц
䲻мԼĹױü˵̫Ǻܸ˵ġ
ֵ̫֪⣬Ҳףѳɵ⣬е㾭ԶԵ˵һ¡
Ŷüһϲ
̫˵ĳɵ飬Ҫġ
Լо飬ɶе֧飬ǻʱľ飬˿ô֪
ĪҪᣬҵ˼ǳɵľ飬ɵȥ֮еĿ飬ȥ֮ӳɵһ㣬˭ﲻ㣬˵ͨ;
ʲôüʱˡ
Ȼͨ;
̹ŶУ̫Ȼ˵;
ǵģͨ;˫߳ɵĿǰΨһ;Ҫǣռɵݻʱ䣬֮ʱ֮ɾ;̫
⻰˵꣬üޱȵ𺳡
ԭͨ·˫ͬޡ
ȥԼĿǰûжô
ϸô̫ˡ
ȥ֮ӳɵ֮·ԳɵİޱȾ޴ġ
νɵ޷ǵ־Ŀ顣
֪ͨ·ĺ־ѱ֮ɣԼѱͬ
Ϊжһݼᶨı֡
лѡüæվ̫һݡ
ܣֵһݣΪ
޷̫˰֡
˵ܣɵû˵
Ϊ̫ˣһ߾ޱȼѣüһﵽ˵˫ˡ
üɵҪݿռʱȻʱݻЩɹˣҲһ߶ѡ
һߣ˭֪ܲܳɹ
˵̫޲Tͺã˽׷üϣ
ƽ֮׸ˣ޲TѾһ˿ߵӰӡ
Ŀǰֻ߲޼üܶ࣬׷㹻졣
ǻʱͿٵغ֮ӵĲ
ں֮Ӹ졣

üˣŸİˡ
֮ǰɵİһһ룬ô߳ˡ
Ϊһܣһͨܣֵܾɵİա
üߺ̫ü飬һ̫ͨû
һ鱦ѡ
Լ鱦ܶ࣬ʱյʱԲ̣һռûʲôá
ˣȥ߳Űɡ̫˻֣ѿռŲȥ˾ߡ
üһֱУɾһ鱦Ϊ˳ǰüû취
һˡ
վǸ˰

صߴӪüټӪļλʥˡ
üûأ˵Ҫȥ֮ӳɵɹΪɹӴ
ⷬ˵֮Ӫе㵣ǡ
˵üֻϵ䣬չ䣬ҪüǰɹӪӴ޷ա
üʧˣӿҪƮҡˡ
Ȼǵüĵ廢
üһкʧߴӪȥ˴֮ӡ
һϢ˲ġ
Ŀǰĺ޼˭
׿̫º治˵ֻء޲TԼĺͽ壬͵ȡ
˺޲Tֻɵģ༸ʱɾ޼ġ
֮û䶯ģΪǵ͵ʱˡ
ôĳʥ˳ɾ޼治ʲôŰ
⣬δ٣֣ӺıԴǿ
޼ʥ˽һα׶Ρ
峤ȫʥԲˣҲ޼
ԪӺŮ洸ˣ޵Ѿǡ
˵ۿ壬ˡ
ǽ֪δ·ҲԼ·Ҳú޼
ƵļʥˣԼļˣҪ޼ˡ
ǵڶεʼˣСꡢʡԯڤӡ۵ȣҲȫ˻Ԫ޽ɺڡ
е߲㣬еİ˲㣬еľŲ㡣
Ǵٵı仯ͬʱǰָޱȵľ޴
ʥģǶúܣൽ˵עˡ
ٿʮˣĲٻԪ޽ɣѾǧˡ
ÿ꼸ʮ꣬һ֤Ԫġ
һԽԽ࣬źɻԽԽ죬ıԴԽ֤࣬ҲԽԽ졣
ʱĻԪ޽ɣʱĴ޽ɡ
ͺñʱĴ޽ɣڻĹʱĽһ
ԽԽǿģûԽԽǸٵĺġ
񣬵֮ǽ޼ɷּΣڵĺڲһڵĻͳڵĲһ
Ԫ޽ҲˣڵһΣڡһΡ
ղλ֣ԪҲ׼ʥĿǰںֻǵʮΡ
ھʥ˳ڣڰʥڣʥ˺ڣ޼ڣ޼ڣ޼ڣǵ̹ŶռһΣڶΡ
һһ׼ֻһˣ̫
ɣٵص̹Ŷɵˣһ޼һʥ̫ˡ
С΢ǵҲ׼ʥԲģоŲ֤Ԫ޵ġ
вʥġ
ֻд޼ġ
˵Ҫɵü˺ģЩɾ޼ֻܿվ
ɾͻԪ޽ɵģðɣ˭

ħԨָһ޲T޼ΰ˲㣬Ų㶼ˣֻǻ㡣
֪üҪɵ޲Tе𺳡
ԼΪ޲T
С޲Tġ󡱣ҪԽС
ѾߵӰӣ޲Tŵĺܡ
ĿǰһǺֻأҲ߲߰˲޼
ŵӺзԲкܴĽϴֵĸ򣬲޲T١
֪üȥɵһû𺳣ܿƽˡ
ֻأϴαĲᣬص˵صԨС
һֱչزܾúܾûϢˡ
϶Ҳڱţؾȥ֮ӳɵʱ̡
ˡ
ǵȷ𺳣׷ϣЩǰܱȣôɾʥˣôɾ޼ɡ
üǰ֤ɹˣҲѡ
Ȼ
ôģû뵽ʵ̫ˡ
Ϊֻ
Ȼ䣬
ֶ
һһǡ
𣬻һԳʱ
һ
ϢʱͰˡ
޲TֻˣװƲãоԼ⡣

װƣ˵Ǻ͸Ǻݺݵһơ
˶ʱˡ



1139 
һֱǺĵһŮĺȻ֣һ񻰡
˵һоûǲܵģѯ̫˽⡣
̫ϸĺ˵ҵȷĲһǰ㡣
̫ûзԼţҲ÷
˵棬̫Ϊ֮ص̫˵Ƿ֮صĴ񣬿ʼշǺǿ
Ŀǰ˵̫֮µһˣ֪ıǿĵһ𣬵ڶ𣬵̫ɱĿꡣ
ǽڻǳԶǵڶˡ
뵽ǣ̫뵽˷֮ص϶
Ҫȥģ̫Ȼվʵ
ȥ֮أ϶һᡣܾòȥˣǼį
㣬Цˡ
ѿ˺˵ôģҲ̫ˡ
˳ûлᣬлԺǽһֵ̫
̫ʵѾޱȵķģ̫ȥ֮û˵ǡ
ˣ̫û£ȥ϶һ֡
϶ƺǲֿ̫ܣҪ˷ֿͺˡ
ֻҪֿ̫аһ
㣬̫ȥ˷֮ء

ںģϵ鷢Ļ̡̻
ڲìܳױ¥Ϸһ̣ѾѹƲסˡ
ڷӪС
ԪһھŴϺ¥ۼһ
ôˣΪλûеۻĵѵϢ²üǰԼĳָ˰ɣһ̾Ϣ
ʮֵһֱŵĻش
¥һеĺ֣ȴЦˡ
˿ŸϣԪֵĵȻ⣬ܽš
ͿóԪԼ֮ǿģΪǡ
ŲϢǸ𣿡¥Ȼ
ʲô
⣿˴ϺȻһ
Ԫ˿¥ڿ϶ˣ֮ǰһĻġ
ûдƣΪڸǻվ
˵ûžˣµĲţûʱ䡣ֻҪʱɳѡ֧ǣҲλʥ˵Ĵѹλѡ
˻˵꣬һ㶣˲ˡ
ɲֻҪһ첻ֻ֧߲֧֣û˸žǰԵĴѹ
ֻҪʱϵþˣԼֻҪһʥ˾Աˡ
ҪǳǾͳס
ԣҪǳƺеܡ
վʲôȺԲͬ磬Ͽԣǲܽĵġ
׷ǹʵģҪѹܴ˭ϡ
Ǹ׶˰׶ˣԶһɢɳ
ԣټǲΪŵľϣ£һϵ
糤˵ˡ¥ܵ˵ʱȫˣõķգֻҪŲ¾ϣû˸Ҵǵע⡣̫࣬ſǵ飬Ͼ̫ࡣ
¥˿̲Բ֮ǰ͵ۻĵϷ˿
ôҵʱûʱǡ
ֵʵҲãûǰǻܰȫǷչ׳ĻᣬֻҪԼ׳ǽ˼ɣ˴αټλѣΪ׳ļƻ
Ŷһ
Ԫ¥һۣȻ¥򵥡
˼ǣԪʵ
ҵ˼ܼ򵥡¥˵֪𣿻˵֪ǿ𣿡
֪вٿƼħԼ½֮˷ǬԪϵ
¥ֵǴӦ֪ǵʽɣ
ţ˽һ㣬ڶڷɢͳһƶȡ߲ͬǣϵüǰ糤ϵ
¥Цûˣ˵ڿԸǵδƶƻˣƶһˣһǽʮȫɾʥˣҲصޡ
صָʬġˡ
֮ǰʬģʬͷɱڤһɧʬĵλ»˳ʥͲʬˡ
⣿˳˼
ھ¥ǷҪҴӦǸһ飻ȻϣλܹӦҲˣС緭棬һǿС緭棬һ֮ɾʹûУǾ۵ˣҲкŽһǽһɢɳôᱻ̭
е㱻Լ˵ӣ¥
Ǿ˿ģλҲƶһֱռǴѡúشһ֧ңĲãλѡңƶҲûȥ
¥ֵ
ҲһֻҪλܵõҵͬκ˶ԱѡΪ

⻰˵꣬˸ожˡ
Ŀǰ¥ĲԼҲĿǰѡ
ǽԼûֻҪԼʮԼãδⲻһþ
¥˵ģɢɢ޿⣬ǾСˣû۴ǰĴˡ
ƶòҴӦˡԪһվ˳
ܲɱ¥˽˽˭ûأ
Ŀǰ¥ĲԼҲ֣Ҫһ˵ԸԼʺĻ󣬶վ
ƶҲӦˡ
ƶ
ԪӦ붼Ӧˡ
¥˿ʵ취ǵۻĸġ
ۻѧˣ뵱Ļ֡
ֻҪһֱ¥ϵЩ˾ǳʥˣҲῴԼĵλϼ֧¥
ۻľͨң¥ˡ
ۻĵ뷨ǣ׳˾ʬȻ̲ʬ
Ȼ̲ĺ棬߾ܳ׵ϡ
Լƿ˷ߣҲԼԼʹ
ǸʱҲ谵ƿ¥ˣΪûҪˡ
㡭
ںĶУǵϡ

һߡ
ںɽ綫ɽ˵
һֱǺĵطҲǸĵط
˿ɽѶдŵòᡣ
ӪӪĴӪкĴӪŮ洡ԪŵļӶڶ
ĺȻ룬һʱড
ҺЩ𶼺ܺƢҲмڣɽƽ
ʴȵ˾ѧϰĸԼһЩ˼Ĺ
֮ǰľٶǿٵصģŮʵϸˮ
벼ʲôˣҲͨ¼Լõ˺
̫һɽ
ӻһ飬һ飬ͨʱԼºʵĻ

Ϊˣ죬Ȼٷɽ
Ůһɻ
٣Ů洹ӭӡ
ȥʮֵͣڷ֮ʱ͵Ķˡ
Ůִϵõʦĸһĸо
΢ЦĿŷҡҷʱŮƺˣٵԭ
Լģҡҷģ˵ǰĵѷɻġ
ԷҡҷŮΪ״ӣķҡҷѾǴ޽ɳڵΪ
עػۺ͵ģĹʱһ
˵ȥ󱬷ȫʵıȽϣˡ
ΪٵԼǵı
ϸ˵ˣǴѹ
һԲĴѹ
ȻǱȻĹʱ죬ĹŲдѹҪ̹ѹһĹû·ĵ̫һˣǰУԺ
ڵǲҪǰʳ·ѹԲĴ£ˡ
ԣҡҷŮ洵ĵ£ǰıԴΪҲֻд޽ɳڵĲΣδ޻
Ů֧˷ҡҷŵǷɻõ·̫ʴȡ
ŮЦЦû˵ֻ˵ϰ
ϣٺúܾûˣ
Ůʵû˵
Ҳգˡ
ǰ
æߵҲæŮ洵û˵ʲô
һᣬˣƺˡ
ҡҷܽˣʦĿǰһŮǰ˵ʦһǵ֮Ρ
ǵġŮ洴ҡҷԴ
ҽҲҪǰһ
ǺǣΪʦһ졣
ʦͽҡҷ
ûаţСѾͷ
ʦƭˡҡҷƲ죬ƺܵŮ洵ĺ庢ΪѾˣʦ𻹶Сӡ
ǺǣˡŮҡͷ
ҡҷоʦд̸ȥˡ
ƵˣһҪһǿĺŮ
ּ¶ĸо
㱻ѹˣΪԼ˼ģҲû⡣

һĳǡ
֮ǰʳ
Ϥĸо
ľٶķţ޲Tħŵòᡣ
ֶ˸ǲġ
ǺͼΪо
˿ɽ齲ε
һʱʢᣬ֮µһ飬ݼ˵һ顣
ܵ˵
ܽᷢ֡
ǺȻֵԼǼλ
Щ˲֮θˣûѹΪΪ
ȫչʾ˸˷緶һ߷ڣеĺˡ
Ǻ⣬ʼ˼
ѵ˵֮θ˺󣬶һˣһĺˣ
˼صС
ܳһʱ벻ףΪθ˶Ǻˣ
ֱ
ֱҵķ裬ԼŮ֪꣬˸𣬻ǵķ㣬˵Ƿ̽󡭡
˵˾仰Цʲô˶Ǻˣ޷ǵĶǰǿ϶ѡ⣬һǿġšǣ˵ǸΪ
˵꣬Ȼʡ
ǰǱŵãͲͨ
˸߼
Ǻǣ͵͵òðݻɽ磬ҡ



1140 Ŵ
ףλþò
̫Ӵ˳
˺ܲĿһۣȻҲ
ţ̫ˡ
϶Լ
ô˻ûַ
ͳһսˣ
ô죿
룬̫޲𹥻ԡ
ֻ̫һ˵˶ȥ
󵨣͵Ϯ
СֶΣҷ
ߡ
ò˵϶ǿ̫ͻȻһУȫɻ⡣
֮˲̫ΪԿԶˡ
Ƿ֣ÿκ̫ޱȵı˵̫˵Ĺ̫ţƾܣûᡣ
ܡ
ԣΪ˲̫һδ໥Э
̫ʱ˭ҲΪ˭˭
һƵһ˵͵һϡ
ڶƵڶ͵˵ϣ̫֮ûһ仰ģཻܺ
̫˵ûǲᡣ
ֻû뵽̫治Ҫ㲻ͳֹ㣬
һΪλտڵأ˵̫Ч˿˵
˶һ۴סǲҪ̫
̫Ūеˡ
Ҫȥ֮棬𣿡̫˻ǲ˵ʵ
ÿ·ʾ룬ֻҪ뿪ݾͺá
ޣɵһ뿪˵أ϶ֶԸ𡣡̫Ųϵء
һ׳յӣ룺Ȼ֪㻹ʸë
̫ʵʵģ˳Ĭ˵ֻ̽档
룬̫˻ȥܿص˻硣
̫һ꣬϶ѧˣǲԼô죿
ҪǣǴȥǲֿ

һߡ
ôλѣ˵ˣ̫ǸϺ꣬óǷǣǴǰζǱǼ㿴û취˰ɣһЦ
һ˵öԣ̫óǷǣϲ¾ܣû취ԳĬԴûһǷˡڶ
ߣһնɱ˴弣̫ɶˡ
ԡ
˺εĲ
ǰЩַˣΪ񶼽Ͳ̫ͨô˿Ľȡ
Ǹ⡣
Һסˣûַ
Ҫϣ̫ôѸٽģʾ̫к֣ϲа
ֻҪסͲκıһᶨ˵
ԡڶ͵
Ҳףվǰ취
̫һֱǿ󣬶Լһ˿ǿûС
̫ɾڣѳնɱ̫ġ
Ǹ޽⡣
һߡ
̫һǳ˼ô죬ôˣ
ѵҪȥ
ȥ
̫ʱû취ֻܼȥ
̫Ȼֳֵʱˡ߰Ľ˲ֹͣˣȻĮĿ̫
̫mmp
˲һƣˡ
ȻˣԼҲСıˣӲһ°ɡ
Ųǰ취Ȼˣ¶ͱ¶ɡ
ߣ
̫һߣ˲ߡ
һ仯һ㶡
̫˲Ҫˣ뿪ݣˡ
ëΪǡ̫ŭ
˻ûعˣʲôǣ
ǻᰡ̫뿪ݣǾŪ
˲һ˲˷ˡ
λסһĵ
ڶ͵Ҳˣæס̫ȥ·˰̫˲Χ
ɻķ֣̫ȻжƺǵΪ
ң̫ĵϺڲϵǿ
ֱһֵ߲֮ϵĸо
⣿
ⲻܣ
ôôǿǵ߲֮㣬ֻе֮ġԣֽˣǵ֮㣬⣿

¡
ˣ
ֻ̫߶嫳ӣһɫɢ˵Ĺ켣һɢʱյζ
鱦˺±ơ

֡һһŵŭٵȥԼɥʧġ
á
ļ𣬻ǿӲԼĺ嫣ߵ̫ˡ
ߵһۣҲߵĵһζײ
鱦̫ûбѹƣ̫˵ͬ
鱦ֵʱ̣ʹѾûκΰ̫
ƴģһ˿Һ;ǿ
ǿΪֶ̫ζ࣬ԼҲܽ
ΪôǿҲаôɥʧģܲҵġ
Ԩһʱգʼ־޴Ĳ
ߵĶײǿٵһ
ҪǱ֮أҪǷڻУǿٵأһôеǵĶײ
ԽսԽľ
һεķ֣Լ̫ûа취鱦̫޽ˡ
ʱճӺ˳ӣ̫
һ˵Ī⣬һʱյ䣬̫繥˺ʱգơ
̫޵ˣ
˴˿̹ͬ뷨
̫̫ںϣźĴӡҶѽԼĽɱ
ֶ˵ڶḥ̂һĴɽԼľ޸״Ļ鱦
Ҳڱ֮غƬУҪڱĵط˶ײ΢СϢܿٳһ硣
ݵĴսÿһεನǵ֣Ĵս˹սܶߵĺ嫡
ϧû˹սֻĸߵĳ֡
ĺ䣬һˣ̫Ӯ
Լȥ˵ھŻҲӮá
ֲղŲ˵ΧˣԭôǿԼ˵ġ
ѹƣǱѹƣԼôġ
һʮֵǴһ˿ֻš
ڵڶһ뷨룬ǲǺ̫Эû취
̫˽٣֮ǰʶ˵һһб̫̫Ǳ
Ϊ̫ҲԼ±û뵽Լ±
Լ£սƽ֡
ҪԼһ˺̫֣Ǳ̫׷Ŵ
䡪
˱ǿһ
ֻನ̫ܣҲܡ
ǣ仯ˡ
ֻߵನɢ󣬺ȻԨоŸԲεķλһɫĹâ˸
ǣ
һɻ
ϸһԭǾŴıݣ˵ನĿ˷
ǵ磬ҵĹ硣һȻĵһϹⱬ֮ء
ҵļ԰߻磬ԭڴ˵ءڶ
ǵ磬ҵļ԰Ҳ
ŸϹ֮أ˸Ϲʮֵҫۣ˴սನɵˡ
ΨھŻıе㰵ȻҲֵסˣû˸ôҫۡ
̫Ȼָо˸Ϲ˸ĵطָ̫оԼܹȥ
һɻѵԼȥ磿
̫ס֡һȻ
̫֪Ǹ
ûŸ֣սķǺѶʱֵͣġ
˵ǼǧĴս
Ȼֵı˵ĵĲһ̨¡
̫ͣסˡ
ߡ̫һߡ
ӣҲ͵Ϯ
κѾףҪսʤԼܵġ
Ѹٿڰ˻Ϲ֮أ
ǵڰ˻磬֮ǰǵļ԰һ
˻ǿų֮һĴȥˡ
㣬㡪
Ȼ
ͷĿŵڰ˻ıݣֻ̫һֱ֣۹Ȼϵģ˵ڰ˻ıС
˳׵Ŀɵˡ
ôܣôܣ
ܣܵġ˷ˡ
̫Ȼ׾ٵĽУ˵ʲô
̫̫ѣ㾹ȻɵĽ룬㣬㡭ڶʡ
̫ѣԡҲĵ
Զԣ̫ԡ
ˣǱ졣̫һŭ
ӷ
㡣㣿˻󰡡
ǺȻ֣Լָӵ̫̫вԼ
쵰ǱܽҲȥ磬ҽŵڰ˻Ĵѹ𣿡̫ɫÿĿˡ
ʵ̫ﲻôģ뵽˺ɵһ־Ļ档
Ǹ嫵ĵһ־˼άײɫ׵磬Ȼƿ˺ɣ˴֮Ӻ;Ÿ硣
ԽԽԼˣԼ޾ڰ˻Ĵıݣ˵Լ֮ԽԽˡ
ܣֻ˵ܣԼľǺɵһʶ
һеԴԴͷ
ܣ˵ܣԼ磬Ҳᱻѹƻѹ
ʱԼѺâ״̬ûǰأ
ûǰʲô״̬
Ѻ󣬻󵼵ΪԼԪ顣
ڿƷˡ
ԪǺӵģԪǰâ״̬ǰܡ
ԼӵǣҲܡ
̫Ʋ⣬ǲԼû֮ǰһεھŴеâ
ԼûǰĴεεŴ磬֮ӣɵһ־ʧʱ䡢ռ㣬Լ˹켣С
ˣԼʲô
ǵһʶΪѪ⣬Ϊǵϣ
ǵ꣬ǵһʶĲ֣
˵һ޴ڵĽڵ㣬ֻ˵ĳǣ
˵е飬ǵһ־ķֻԼ˵ˡ
̹ŵʶֻ˺ǳȿȡѾµˡ
ɵһʶķֻ
ֻǵıã˵иܣ̫е㯡

һˣȻĿ̫
ƺһ·һ̫гͻ·
̫İ£ȥھŻ磬ǿȥ硣
̫ȻӦԼţˡ
֮ǰᶨˣа취ֻˡ
֮ǰʩչļƻתˡ
úãδɽˣȻںϵǡ



1141 
̫ĪҪǿ顣
æס̫Ȼݶ㲻ų⣬˵Ҳѹġ
ǰ̫ѣ¿ֻҪ˹ޣ˭ȥѾɳΪߵĵھŻ磬ȥڶҲ
λѴһŵĵ̫Ӧ
ߣ
̫ˣ뵽Լİ취˵ҪðգΪðգϼ
ȿȡ
㣬㲻Ǽ㡣
̫Цˣ𣿡
⻰˵˳ˣû͡
ͣȥھŻˣ˿̫
ֵ̫Ҳǲԡ˵ʵû취ĨǣҲû취Ĩ𡣵ǱǼˣܡ

һ󼤶룺ѵ̫תˡ
˵ô죿˼ʡ
̫ܼ򵥣ñһðǲܵģҪһȥֻŷģ޿ܡ
̫˵꣬һ󲻰
һ̫ѣ޷ģֻԡ
򵥡ֻЦ޷ǞűԴѣԸṩǸ汾룬ѹһҪûҲˡ
⣿˿ʼ˼ˡ
̫ȥ̽⣬ղԼеɽҲȥԥˡ
̫ˣʱŭˣ쵰ñȥ˵úԼҲҪȥԥˡߣǵɣźˡ
̫һкڶæס̫
ʵ̫Ҳߵģء
Ҫˣû취ˡ
̫ڶģԼ⣬ıԴȥﶼУŴ綼ԡ
̫ҿ϶ԼúĵĞűԴǣǻᱻڰ˻ų⡣
̫ʧһıԴһںϣȻԼȥڰ˻硣
ȥ֮ԼᱻѹƣǻԼԴ
ĵͬʱֵòֲһľԼԸ󣬶ᱻڰ˻ĴѹƣնɱѹʱԼĻˡ
նɱ
ߣʲôģñȥ̽գҪȥһȥ̫˵УֻһṩԴ˲
ʲôһ㶣һˣ
ʲôأҪǸṩűԴȥھŻ籾ô죿ֻһɹһһ˻ȥͬĻ磬
˭һ볢ԣԼվ
⣿˳˼ˡ
һ̫ȥðյģҪǱڰ˻ĴѹأҪʧأ
ǵһһãһΣյġ
Ϊ㲻֪һʱ̫ԸԸ㣬ǲԸ㣬;˳ô죿
ִ򲻹ֲѵάӣ
ҿ̫ϵӣƺ飬Լپ˵̫Ͳźˡ
˭һ㡣̫ߴٵ
Ȼûվġ
ƺڶһ͵λȥ԰ɡ
ðɣȻûУˡ̫źˡ
ȵȣ̫ѡ
̫ѡ
ѣ𼱡
ߣ̫Цôǿ𲻳ɣ˭˭
һΣʱ̫̲
̫ѣǺһȥǳô죿ڶ˸޴⡣
ǾͲȥ⻹򵥣ͲǱǡ
ðɣһȥһȻ
㣿ڶ͵һȣһȻһȥɵ
һпԣԼ̫ĳ̫Լֻܵһȥ
ΪڶȥĻ̫
ǵĻ룬̫ʱָᷴڵġ
ôֻܵһȥ
˵Σ
Ȼ£ǣ̫Ѿɳˣȥȥʲôֻܶһѡ
ȥڷ֮أҲ䣬̽һ¡
̽һ¿Σܴ󣬿ܱȲֱ̽ĺá
̫ҶԼ֣һţԼ˲ΪҲ̫
ֻ̫ܺԼƽֶѡ

һĻڶ͵һȣ̫е㲻
һܵһȥԼаնɱڶ͵𣬵ǵһԼĿǰûоԵİա
ҪԼԤĵһȥ˵ڰ˻磬ѹãҪǲأ
ǲԼˡ
⣬иҪһ㣬˶ѡԵˡ
Ǿȥܻء
ǳɹˣ˻ܻģʵͲ˷ֿûʲô
̫Ψһİ취Ҹ֡ͽȥȻնɱնɱںʲôˡ
ʱ¶˾ͱ¶ˣΪǱ¶ˣҲʣµ˲ֻܣǺԼƾС
㲻Уֻܵȥ㲻ġ̫˵
ţ꣬˲һ㶡
ڶ͵˼Ŀŵһ̫̫㲻Źһ𰡡
ԵĲӦʾҪ͵һ׵ġ
ô˵͵һĺҪΪֹˣ
Լ̫ìܲԼֻҪȥ磬˭ȱ۵ĺ̫ԡ
ԣ˲ڶ͵˾ϣǰ͵һһսˡ
̫ʲô˼һеˡ
û뵽ʱ̫ѣҪ棬ָԼ˵ս
ҿڶ͵۵ӣƺĶˣԼΣˡ
ûʲô˼㲻ܵһȥ̫޳ܣҲ̫Σա
ȥǶ롣һ
ǺǣãǾˡ̫ĵ
ȵȣ̫ѡڶҲŭˣһʲô˼
ʲô˼СҪϿӺ𣬻ʲô˼һЦҵ˼Ƕ
⻰˵ĵڶ͵ˡ
̫ȻãȻѣѣնɱ˴弰ɣ
㣿һһ㶣еš
УԼôˡ
ȿȣڣλϢŭæ
նɱһǲܵģлȥ磬˵ȫǵһŵġ
ҪǱնɱˣԼ͵ڶ治У̫ûԼ˷
ʱԼ˾̫ɻƵİˡ
Ҳɵ
ΪѰ̫˲һᣬһҲȥˣ㲻һҾ͵Ƕлᡣ
תתȥؼ̫
ңʱڶ͵Ȼһģһ鷳ˡ
һԺ̫ƽȶԻˡ
˰
ڶģðΣնģ
ɲĻУΨһĻᡣ
ֱ̫Ȼ뵽ʲô
ҲգǶöԷû취ҵҲˣǵҲɢǻᣬֲ𣬼ȻˡǾͶһѣ˭ȳɾʹɡһʱˣñһɾʹǱɾʹģҪնɱ㡣̫˵
ߣ
̫һߣɫʮֵѿ
ȥһļ˿
̫˵ĺܳףԼ˵ȷܾѣ
̫ղŵıƣ̫Ҳ
ܺſ촰˵˭Ե;ˡ
ڵʵ˭Ҳ볹նɱ˭ѹŴѡ
ˡ


1142 նɱһˣڰ˻
Űɡ
ֻ̫һ֣һŴɫűԴˡ
̫֮ȡģΪԼıԴܾŴų⡣
һ𼤶Ľ˹
Ŀ˿̫Ȼû̫µֶκСĵĺںˡ
֮󡭡
˰ɣˣߡ̫ߴٵ
ʱڶ͵𣬼Ŀ⿴ˣҪȥ̽·ˡ
ˡһ
ܸоеΣ벻Σ
ֻܽɣȥ̽ڰ˻磬ôûΣ
̫һηηӣͷ
ֻ̫͵ؽ˵ڰ˻ĴУͷŵһ
һһҧŽȥˡ
׳ȥʯ飬Ͷ˴ĺС
ʧʱ򣬼֤һĻĵڶ͵ʮֵļʾϣˡ
һ𣬽ܽţɷ֣еųԼûõʱ˿
Ϊ룺ԭеĞűԴУԴŴġ
ճıݷ֮ӣ̫ڰ˻͵ھŻûʲô
̽һͷˡ
ҪģҪԵһ֣̫е
̫ļƻǣȥ˵ڰ˻󣬾ͻԵһ֣õһԼṩԴ
һԼṩԸϣһֵòڰ˻Ĵڰ˻ĹȻԵһѹƣʱԼܡϡڰ˻Ĵһ
ǰȽھŻ磬Ҳų⣬ΪǵıԴǵھŻıԴֲ̫ġ
̫Ҳҿ϶ڰ˻ôǱ飬Ӧб츳
ҪĻ̫뿴Լܲںϸĵ
ںϵھŻߣߣ˵ںϵڰ˻ߵ
̫е㻳ɣ
ɿܾ˵һ𣬵ڶ𣬵˺󣬵ȷܳɾʹ
ǣִĲΣֻÿһĴ
Ϊÿһ֮ϻһڣ˵һΣڽд֮ӡ
֮ɵıȻ;ĸС
̫һ뷨֮ϵĸ߲ǣɵ
֮ϾǵԴͷ
һʶǵԴͷ֮ӻƺΪ֮ӡ
̫룬Լ˵һˣﵽĲΣ֮ȥŴ;ŴеںϣԼǲǾܳɾͺͺ֮һĺɲΣ
ɾ˺ɵĲΣǲǾ̽ԴͷԼܣ
뵽̫Ǽġ
ҲղŴӦһԵɡ
һ󣬵ڰ˻Ļ֣߲
ԼԳԣںϵڰ˻˫ߵġ
ԼɹˣĵԼ˫ߣһѹƲںϵԼǼ򵥵Ķˣ
̫ð̽Եɡ

˵ˡ
˽ĴڴС
ãֱǰų֮ʼ̫͵һһۡ
ˣǰǵڰ˻磬˵ʵڵģҲ֪Σ̫˾䡣
ߵһ˲ζҪȥڰ˻еĴڣĴڣҲˡһǺࡣ
ΪУ֪ﱻˡ
Ϊ̫Դھҵļ٣ʲô
ȥǲˣȥ;У̫Դĵһɶ
ϵʱ򣬾еĴѹնɱʱ̡
ֻǰߡ
ȥڰ˻õ䣬õڰ˻ıԴܳɾһڰ˻顣
⣬һ̣һ㲻ͬ
ã̫ıԴ򵥣ӦһܴκλıԴ
̫δ֪ܡ
Ҳ̫˿ȥ硣Լ˲УԼֻ·һȥں˱ԴĻ磬һȥ֮أҪȥĻǲܵġ
ڣһоˡ
ʱ˵ɶˣܲܵͷɣ
ֻһǰȥڰ˻ɱԴΪһڰ˻顣

üǿһµġ̫
ˣȥɣҪǵѺµȻȥɡңûѡˡһԹĿ̫
ƺ˵ţαˡ
Ầ£ߣһȥ̫Ц
ڵһУ̫Ƚ˵ڰ˻硣
䡪
̫һɲһ
ڵڰ˻ģиճ͵磬ڴƹܣδʱ
ͺĿٵһ
Ͼÿ綼һ̹ŵˣǿһ磬ظһ˹켣
˵ܾǰع𣬴ݣǧħ̹ſٵء
һ磬һϣ硣
һ죬׹һ
ոǵħǺܾȣô£
ٵزãѵʲôδ֪Ĵڳˣ
˿̵Ǹǣͬĵٵʱ򣬾ٻλء

ֵ̫һɲֻһɾ޴ѹϯһ۳֡
˻̫֮ۡһ㶡
һĻ̫ϤˣǴ֮ۡ
˵ǣڰ˻Ĵ֮ۡ
̫֮ǰǺĸտٵʱ򣬴֮ۺ̹Ͽ硣
֮ûжƺ̫һξʱһ֮ƺת˼
˼ôȻĳļһ
ΪһϵĸоԴĹᣬ轻ж
ֱ
¡
һӰˣһͷĵһ
ʱ֮ۺȻãˣʾѹնɱǴ˻顣
¡
ֻһϹ˸սûõĵһʱˡ

ȵȣϣӴ޵һԸΪ˻紴ˣػ硭֮
̫Ѩzѣ
Ϥ
ʲôࣿ
һᣬˡ
ϡ
ⲻϤ·
ԴģӴĳĳĳֻ˭˭˭
ѵһĺʹ

֮۵ϹɢˣղһҲС˺ܶ࣬һ𡭡ԣǴǱĵֿסˡ
ȿȣ˵Ĳᡣ
òƳɹˡ
һȻ˻飬ģӴûǰֻнû뵽У
֮ȱ۵Ķֻйתk޷ˡ
ȻԹסΨ·㡣
оMMP֪
ҲУ

һЦˡ
ȻǱǳɹˣûбѹնɱɹˣЦſ̫ȵӡ
Ϊ̫ղźԼһʹġ
Ҫģ̫֮ˡ
˵ʲô
˵̫ᱻסȥھŻ磬ô죿
ھŻĹ
ǣ͵һԻ·ԣ̫⣬ıԴɴһ磬㻹ûء
ѵ˫ߵأ
һԣ˺޽⡣
ʱ֮ʧˣ˿̫Ҳ˿
̫ĵȻȻ·ⶫʺԼԼͲôӴûĳĳĳֻ˭˭˭ġ
Ҿңһ̻
ңԼղŲ²ĿܶˣԼӦںϴĵںŸĵ
ҪԼںˡ
˵Լ˾ŸߵԼĳԽɾͺɵĲˣ
Ȼ˿̵Լֻߣ߻Զ
ԼȫںϴˣȻնɱ˴˵ġ
ֻҪԼնɱ˴ˣԼĴﵽ߲㣬ںϵڰ˻ߵ
ȻԼصھŻ磬ٰѵھŻĴ֮ںˣ˵ȥնɱڶ͵һδߡ
ߵԼǴΣȥںϾŸߣôԼǺɵĲΡ
뵽ˣ̫ơ
΢ЦĿ˲Ĵˡ
һ󲻰̫
ݻĴ֮۸뿪̫
һԣѣ֤һĻ档
ˣo((ѩn))o
ţڡ
¡
ֻ̫Լķ֮ӡ
ʱڰ˻һֻ̫ѸٵĹ˴˻̫ķ֮ӾҵĲ
ڶһ֮ӣںϺ̫ķ֮Ӹˡ
ô᣿˲ʡ
Ȼڰ˻ĹˣҪںϴ˽ĵʱ䲻еģµĵȻںµ֮ܳת
̫Ȼçˣ
˵ͺ͵ڰ˻ĵںˣˣ
ʲôһ𲻶
̫ܵԼǿһ־һǿһһǵڶģʵı仯
˿̵̫оԼе޵ˡ
ǰ·ǰ·ǣԼȫɾʹ
ȥŴںߵԼķ֮ӻɾͺ֮ӡ
ԽԽӽˣɵĺɴ֮ӣǵһʶ۵ġ
Ȼֿܣ̫ãԼߺ;ŸߵԼķ֮ӻĺɴ֮ӡ
һԼǡ
ջ죬Ҫնɱˡ
Ϊǵ̫š
ڵˡ

䡪
ֱûֻ֣̫Ŀǰǿһй˴ˡ
㲻


ֻ˱̫޿ƥеķ򳤺ӹᴩ
̫оôϤһ仰
̫룿
Ϥģ˭ôţ
ˣˣôĶ˻ȸɵ˵
¡
򳤺Ӻ磬һ֮£ûڰ˻ںϵĴˣоΣ
䡪
ˣ޿赲޷Ĺ
ղ˵Ĳᣬܽڰ˻ĵ;ƿݵĸо
̫ûκε֡
˶˵̹ŵ֮ǰԱ˵һҪնɱ㣬ΪĴеܡ񣬿̹ŵÿˣʹɡ

ֻ̫ķ򳤺۳̹ŵӡ

⡰̹šһֻ翪鱦۳˿츫
䣡
֮һѾĴˡ
̫̫ع򣬰
һҽк󣬴ֱӱˣʼܡ
ҹ
̫򳤺۳޴֣ץס˱ԴԪ顣
Ȼġ̹šſ˿ڣһ̵˻еıԴԪ顣

һҽУ̫۵̹һá
գ
̫ص˷򳤺ӣȻ붨չһʼںⱾԴԪ顣



1143 ׹
ǵ֮ΰ˲Ϊǿö˵
Ҫ̫˹ң͵ڰ˻ںϣ̫ѹƣҴ˻ˣ̫ôɵĽ
һɵˣա
˿̵̫űԴԪǿߵŴԪ顣
ֻҪˣ̫ǵ߲֮㣬Ŀǰֻ̫е֮㣬εľ޴
ʱģ̫ʱ󷨣ûҪѽٵʱ䣬ʱ󷨵٣̫Լһ
⣬ջĻд˵һۺղأĴ鱦ɽԼܶ
ǰĴˣΪ֮صһĻޱȵķ
Щ̫ҪҪ
¡
̫ԪУ֮⣬һİŴԴԪ顣
ںϴԪ飬ںϴǰ컯˵˳Ӹѡ
Ͼǿеںϣ컯ǰ㣬߱Ϊһںϡ
ںϵʱġĵʡʮ¶ʮֵƪ
ڣԪ鱻ںˡ
֮㡪
¡
ûã֮ӵĴԪ鳹ױ̫ںϡ
߲֮㣡

ֻ̫ԪУ嫵ķ֮ӺƺƵѾ˺ɴ֮ӵ˵໹ܴ
ڰ˻һƺ֤һ֮κĵ
ȥĴ֮۶е㲨ҪǱԴĹ̫᣿
Ҫˣ̫Ķ׼֮һᶯ֡
ʱûн
ֻ̫ʼͨڰ˻Ĵߣǣһ̣̫ǿһ֡
ȷĴ򿪷ʽνĵ֮Σֻǻе
̫˿̸оĵ֮ΣӦԼ㣬֮ξ͵ͬ˵ĴΡ

̫һԼı仯
ӵ߲
Ҫںĵ߳ɾߣʵı仯
̫ãǺĸɱĴԼܺС
˵ԼӮ
̫ǿû취
Ԫеķ֮ӣ˸ı仯ں˴֮ߣں˴˻ĵ
һ̫ʼնɱ˵ջ
˵Ļ鱦һɽ̫²⣬Ǵ˵ı塣
ɽõԼ¾ɽһ
ɽ˲ǵõ̹ŵĴ裬˴ɾ
ⴴ˿ܺ;ɽ˲ֻ࣬Ǵ˸ѡ
⻹һ̫е㾪ȡ
ԼҲô࣬ⴴ˾ȻҲôࡣ
òȥӰɡ
ɺ̫ſľ޵һĿռ䣬ǵڰ˻׹硣
һ¿ٲõ磬̫ȥ
˵ʵڵģĵĸٵʱ̫֪ʲôҲǵٲŻζġ
Ϊ̫еһûˡ
Ϊڰ˻ĴԼ֡
Ȼˣȥ硣
̫Ŀ׹磬һ¡
磬ȻдıӻΪ̫ĿԽԽǿ
ȥ뵣ģΪ̰粻ɣ̫Դ
ʵ̫µ뷨
õھŻ죬ҲԼ磬˸ˣһһͳ
Ĵ𰸣Ҳһδֻص;
һδֻأ߲Ϻ㣬ܱŤ
̫ãԼǳɾͺɵȫ԰ѾŴϲ
ͳһƬԼϳҲ
ɾͺɵӦÿ֮ͨıݰɣ̫˼
һߡ
̫˵겻Բ׹뷨󣬴رˡ
Ĭ̫ľٶ
̫˿ûɾʹǰòЩַˡ
ò˵̫еֻˡ

׹ŵ̥Ĥ̫һƬĲ׹硣
ǳδλԴɷγɵķ籩洦ɼһޱĵ硣
ԭǿٵĸٺ磬ǴԴġ
̫һ̾
Ҫ֪ٻε飬ǿҲͽɶѣ˿̵ĻʮֵĲпᣬǴ档
ʱҪ黯ζ뿪󷨵ıӻǺǣĺܲҵġ
ǿҵĴѹ̹ѹ˵
ɽǴ˵صԴͬɽ̫˴˵أܵ˾޴̹ѹ
̫ûãӳֵ̹ţҲͰ벽ѣµѹ̫߲֮˵һ˿öûС
ֻ̫뿴ǲÿ綼ͺһĹ켣
᲻Ҳ壬᲻Ҳ壬᲻Ҳ壿
̫۲һ󣬷ֲˡ
̹ȷѪᣬǲ塣
һ̹Ŵ壬̹壬Լ̹žϡ
ڴ˲׹Ĵ鱦̫һ㶼ûоԼòˣαȥȡһЩСĶ
ǼƻɹԼƹµġ
ˣֻ̫һɽһ֡
Լĵ
ʥ˲βſһۣ޼βſɲ򣬶ͨá
̫ڲ׹ĴҴңߵҲҴҡ
ִ粢Ǻͺһ̫û뷨
֮أԼȥʰأˡ
̫뿪ˡ

֮أ
ôѵ˲⣿ڶ𽹼
˾뵽̫նɱһˡ
ǰ˶̫û취ǷҲһл鱦̫Ҳû취
ѹǣҪնɱǿɾˡ
򲻹Ҳ
֮ά֮أҪܻǺ׷ϵġ
˲Ϊ̫նɱһֻΪ˲⡣
̫ˣǡδĵ
̫ˣûˣǻˡ
Ϊû̫ȵھŻıݸʱ˿ȥھŻġ
̫棬ھŻͺĻҵġ˵ǣȶᰲȡڶ
šͬĵ˵ͷ
䲻׺ľô룬̫ûˣһҵġ
ѣȲ˵ǳɹˣǶô죿ڶʵ
˼ǣ˭
̫ıԣָʵ뷨̫Իᷭ˵ġ
ڶѣа취ġ̫͵һɹˣյһǻۣ̫һģİɡ
šڶ˵ͷ
̫ϼ޻ֻҪϣ̫ûа취ƣǺǡڶЦ
ǵС
ǳɹˣһһ̫ģȥڰ˻ˣȻҪˡ

Ȼǻڶ͵ġ
ΪĴѣ˵ڱ̫ᱻơ
ƶһɵһ֧Լˡ
ֻϲ޾̫
˭Ҳ˭еκһԼ
һ󣬶̫͵ڶ𣨻ȥһ硣
Ȼɺٶ̫͵ȥһ硣
ѭ˶иԵȥһƻϡ
뵽ġ
ֻǣ



1144 
һԹ磬з̲סһ
ǵ顣ڰĵ򵽵ģ޾硣
з֪Լ˶ˡ
֮Ĩʮа˾һе硣
˵Ѿָˡ
ǲĲٲһ½ûУƯǿе޸֮ݡ
ϵûĺۼһƿƼ
Ƽ൱ûзǿֿƼǿ
ǿյĿƼǿĶܳάȣԲתһʹñԴԼȡ
˵ǿ
ɾһûûħûǿƼ˺ͨ硣
һЩǿĵԽվܵνķǿտƼ
ط̫ˡ
ͨնɱİʮ߸飬ǵļ䣬з֪˵Ĺ켣
зҲ׷Ѱǣɷ֣вĸĤԼҲڵء
ӵĲˡ
˵е̫ڣûȥ˵ĵطΪҲأзһͷ
ôԴӽӹ̫ҵҵ㡾ְء
ͨԼжϺƽⷨ򣬻ָ˺ܶĹ켣
һδ֪档
飬ÿһͨ죿
Ƿһʣɾǳ֮ӣõľ׶ӡ
з˼⡣
һδ֪ܣֻûз֣ĻֺڲһУױȵ˺ͻԵ˭أзһͷ
Ĵڰ˵ǲģǵǵ𣬵ӦҲֻ֪ûж˵ҵʹ𣿡з˼
˺һᣬһһҵġǡ
ǣΣ̲ݻҲˣȥʵ𣬿ǲǵ֪һУǲֻҵĿ飬ǵҲ֪ڲһУ
̲ݻΣз̫һ¡
̽һµ̫Ƿ֪
Ҫ֪˵ȷԼĿ飬Ҫǲ֪ǾΣˡ
зץƣһ˸˺ɽ硣
ѸٵϺңһ֪̫̽Ȼڣ
з(~)
еˣǵԼҲԼĿ
ɻ󣬺з뿪ˣһԲ֮ΪԼĲãԼ˼֮á

̫
뿪׹󣬽˵ڰ˻ıݡ
滹Ѱ˼һƻ
ȥ󣬵ڶ͵𿴵һû˲ϵĻȻᾪš
ֵʱƺͼƻˣֱѹȥСΪҪƶУ˼һûлָܣӹɵġ

ԣֻܴסһնɱˣһ϶ܡ͵ڶɣϤ

뵽̫ˣȻȥ󣬾סڶ𣬲ˣԼȫնɱ
Ȼ𲻻˲ܣȻ͵ڶϵֿ
ǵ֣϶̫Ķ֣пܻᱻ̫һٽһ϶ܵġ
˵һս
һ̫ûб߲Ϊߣа벽ȫһѡ
ڷ֮ء
ȴ˺Ȼһ㱡
䡪һֻ̫ӵڰ˻ı˳
̫ѣ㣬㣬㡭
⣬һأ
û뵽̫һ˳ˣһأ
֪һڸ𣿼򵥣ȥ̫յһЦ
㣬ʲô˼ڶһ
ʲô˼ҵ˼ܼ򵥡
Duang
ֻ̫־һ

ڶһҽС
û뵽̫ôɴ࣬˵͸ԼƴһС
ʱ˹ĥ̵ֿһ£ߣ߲֮Ĺˡ
ãҪ䣬֡ڶһҽкԵ
šһԣ̫ԤƵһ̫һǲẦµġ
٣
翪죡
ֻһڵϢۣ޾ĺڰϢһʱվҪһ
һ޴ĥ̡¡¡ת·Ҫʱա
һϢ̫ÿһϢת
ϣκεطʱյĴңĻ硣
ҲǷֱ֮֮أӺ嫣һ֮ĵ޷
̫ҿ϶ڶȫԸˣ֮ǰν֣û̶ֳܵȵĹ
̫Ҳǵ߲֮㣬Լں֮޾صΣ
Ĺһֺ嫵Ŀٵΰ編һУһеĸ
ߵǣ飬ǻ۵ġ
ǳأػΪ崴Ϊһ顣
˺򵥵㣬ּ򵥣֮Ĵ
һٿһУ˵Ĺ켣컯תֻĻ
һһУһ
ԣǿٵһĺ嫣޲һĹ
̫ӲߵĹӲڶ͵߲ΰ
ˣ
̫һХ
֮ǰӲ˶ǱΪ鱦
μӲߺͶԷߵľ
ûǿ𣬶һޣߵľ̺޾ΣҲ̺޾ı仯
ã߲ˣôڶ𾪻ŵĵ
д֮ߵĵϣѵһͬޱȡ
ȥһ˵ڰ˻磬̫ﵽ߲
߳ɾߣһƺˡ
һ̫Ĩɱˣ
ڰ˻У˲֪ʲô̫ľٶָһ򣬾ǵһˡ
ܣǵ뵽ġ
ǻе㲻ģ֪Լ˻ᾭʲô
ᾭ̫նɱڶȻԼ¼ҹһ̫ҵԼʱ򣬾Լʱ̡
ɲô죬򲻹ģǰ䡣
еᣬһ£ܾ͸ˡ
⣬̫ҪĶԵڶڷԼܣ޲ʾ̫Ƚһ˵
Уܣ;ƿñܣҲǵľ档
뵽ˣһݾˣ̫㲻ǻ·ƴˡ
䡪
翪һУֻϷſһŻϵ绺γɡ

¡
編һ磬ȻΪֶΡ
úá
̫Ĳסڶ𣬵û˻еڵĹ̫ûС
ֻ󳤺ӣʱճ˳ӿʼơ
ʱ޾Ϊ컯ΪˣԽʱյĳӣշת˵ĺ
鱦̫߲֮ε£ǿ
¡
ֻ磬䡱һըˣϢ޾ķɽ̫
谭ʱճ赲ǰ棬޾ķɽ񱻷ʱճС
Щըĵϱʱסˣгʱյһ˲ס̫˳ӳ֡
֧һУ+˵Ľϣһûκ硣
Ϣʼ֧䣬ɵһǿȴȻˡ
ʲôʽó̫͵һЦ
ȫԼֿɲ鱦
Ȼ̫Ȼû˻еڶ
̫סһ˲䣬ڶ΢˿ھҵҪҪûˣ
ܿ˾ϡ
ܣ
ߣ
̫⣬ֻ鱦۵Ŀ츫ˡ
䡪һҪܵĵڶȥ
ڶһŵŭƺ̫ôѵһնɱˡ
ˣеŭ
ԼûܣΪϣԼղŵĳ֣ڶȻܣǿɶ񰡡
Ȼƶѣƶˡ
ಡһҧˡ
ڴ˵Ҳеģ˵̡ܷ
Ƚϣϣˡ

͡
츫еĵڶһĲҽС
ˣ̫Ȼأ
ԼҪ

һˣˡ
ȥԼһֻû뵽һ̡
̫㻹ʲôֶΣڶе˲ʧˡ
֮䣬һ̽С
ֵĹԺ־ᶨѾ޾ûйˡ
֮غ޾µţǱ𣬵һ˥ܡ
ܴʱʼͱˡ
ô˿̵ԼղŵԼԼ֮ǰһС
ΪľȻɳôã
ڶ뵽ӦʱˣǾ̽ǰ·һΰɡ
ڶʶˣ̫һԲϺ嫵ĵڶ
ǸղǱһҲڸǣеհǰ˺ĵڶ
ǵڶĻعⷵհɣǿ̫˼
Ҳãսʤ˲гɾ͸У֮ģһеնɱҲֵøˡ

̫Ȼܼһǿĵڶս
ĺ䣬һеϢڰȴĵϡ
޾Ԩһʻ͸¶Ϣ

ƲпᣬȴҲ飬ΪΪ嶨һС
¡յĥ̹תշһ˿Ϣ
ķ֮ضڲ

̫ĿʼҲϤߡ
һеܲܰ
ˡ
˵ǵϵĶײԨ㤡
Ŵ˸žҵϹ⣬ڵݵѹ
ˣ
䡪

ȿȣ
̫һϲȣɫе԰ס
ǿȻͦǿ
̫ץһڵ
Ȼ˱ߣ
̫ԲĵڶնɱˣЦӮù䡣
еѣǾ䡰޻ˡ̫ܽ
͵ڶʮĴսˡ



1145 Ų
ڶԪ̫ûȥھŻС
еⲿвѾȫȥֻһˡ
ˣ̫Ȼػ˵ڶıԴԪ飬Ϊﵽ֮ԲŲ㡣
֮ںϺĵĴߺߵ֮ȥ֮׷Ѱ
ֻҪѵˣ̫չȡɾʹΡ
ɾʹ˳̫ȥŴ磬ںϾŴĵʱؾǺɵĲΡ
ʱԼܻܿҿɾͺɵ֮󣬿ûа취ںϾŴ硣
̫δļƻ
ںĺ͵ھŻ磬̫ɾʹ󽫻һж޹ؽҪˡ
뵽ˣ̫ܿĵϢһص˵ھŻ硣

ݣ̫صϤĻС
˿̵̫Ϊ߲֮㣬ںϴߵ
֮
̫ѰһƫԶ֮أ̫ںߣ˳ɾŲ㡣
Ų㣬ҲƺΪ벽
Σ̹űӳ֣黹ûһܴﵽĲΣ̫Ŀǰ촫˵
֪ǿǵһѾ̫նɱˡ
̫ҪԽ˲㣬ɾ;Ų㡣
̫ǵϢָ˺ܾãһ׼̫ͨ˴ߡ
¡
ֻھŻһ֮εĸֲܸܵı仯
ȣһֵںˡ
ǺܾȣǲѲ
һѾµĵ
Ǿţ˴˶ΪǶԷµĵںˡ
Բ֮£˸Ļţû뵽𣩳Լˣб˴ʮֵĵǡ
ԣߵϢһĵ𲻿ôתгɾͻģһ̾
һߣɽһ̾ôôɾһߣ
˭̫ںһߵ򲻿ܵģߺˮء
οͨ;
ֻ̫Ҫ޴߾ȥֺõĸµĵ
ǲ֪̫һǲһ
̫ܺˮһںµߡ
̫ܽΪԼâйء
âܾǺɵһ־塣
һߡ
̫ں˴֮ߵԪеķ֮һ˺ܶ࣬ԽԽɴ֮ˡ
̫ɣԼɾͺɵǲǾǰѺɴ֮Ӵˡ
̫ɢȥ뷨
ҪںߣɾĴ߾Ų㡣
ʼɡ
̫Ϻ󣬿ʼں֮á
ֻԴԪ飬̫ķ֮Ӱ߿ʼʼ໥ݡ
ߵıԴ类һӲǰţҪǲںС
һʱںϣ޾µš
ڣ߿ʼںϣֻ̫ķ֮ӿʼѸٵ
ǰɫˣɫɫֶһɫߡ
Ĵ߾ĵѤĳ磬໥֯໥ӳա
֮ΰ˲㣡
¡һ
ֻ̫֮һ˲Ϊһ㡣
š
¡
֮ξŲ㡣
Ȼ̫ԤƵӵ߲֮ﵽ˵֮ξŲ㡣
ǳ˻ֹ⣬һﵽĲΡ
̫˴εͻƣ磬Һ̫Ϣ
̫ԼΪ˶֪ûбҪҲˡ
ɾ͵֮ξŲ˲䣬̫ͨ˵ھŻߡ
ֻͣõĵϲֿʼϴ
⳹úеļ֮ˣ˭ô죿
ôͣأһںһһںһ
ûʱ̾ˣΪôƵںϵѾǸܵ˻̿֡
˵̫
ڳɾ˵֮ξŲ㣬һǰδеĲΡ
һĴͬ޵ĲΣǿĸо̫оԼԻھŻ硣
ˡĴߣֲͬȴĵ
ߵԴͷǺɵ
һ̫һ
ǰݵں߳ɾʹںϾŴɾͺɵһ̿ȷˡ
ȻˣֻҪںں˾Ŵ磬ǳɾͺɵһ̡
˵֮ӣǾԿԶԴ֮ȥ磬ٿ硣
֮ǴɵҪȥĵطھŴ磬ֻںʶ֮£ǵԴ
̫֮ȹ˽(ʱڵȹ)ȶ˵֮ξŲ㡣
ɺ̫ûزغʱû𣬻ȥѰ𣬾ɡ
ֻҪˣûκεԼҲΪɾʹ׼
һˣ̫뿪˵ھŻ磬ú̫Ԩ˺ƬС
ĺƬҪһ˺ѵġ
ֻҪǴΣͲڱķ֮ںһ
Ϊ֮ξŲ̫ױȵĽݵ
άԴĺƬ̫ӽΪ֮ǰ·ˡ
ֻҪȻԽάȣҵ
ˡ


1146 ĽŲ
̫ҵʱ̣˵⣿
û뵽ҵʱ̣ûߣ˿һ
翴һ̫һ䣺Ȼ𣿡
Ȼ̫ںߵɣһ͵ڶˡȻ̾
ôܣ̫
Ǻǣ𣿵ұһΣʱ֪һûˡ֪ܲƬУûνΣͱҲǰоΣ쳣Ѿˡ̾Ϣ
̫û뵽ŲԼȻڱ֮ɱ
ֻ̫һ䣬㵽ǺεȴڣĿ⿴̫
̫ҡҡͷԼҪ֪ԼʲôھͺˣԼҲ
ǵˡ
Ϊ̫ԼҲǣһǿߺһ̹ףˣ
ţ̫һ
ûнͣɣȻҪʹɱ֡
ںңɾʹΰɣû뵽һ׷ѡûʵֲ˵Ȼ˱̤ϴε̤ʯҲգҲգҲͦá
꣬ǺЦ
ɣҿʵǰߵĲΡֻ𲻻־ܵġ
αأ̫һ̾

Ų̫ĴߺһҲѹƣֶԸһʵʵֻĻ𣬼ֱ˵׾١
򣡡
̫һ֣𾪻ŵķ֣ԭԼĻҪ
˵Լһ˿ĻᶼûУͽ˾ˡ
ǸովȻЦˣԼҪ˻ʲô

̫һֻ֣һâһ쫷ɨֻĵˡ
ֻһߵıԴԪ飬Լµһղغͻ鱦ȡ

̫û˿˷ܣ·΢һ
նɱһʵʵֵֻø
ƺֵá
ǣеĻ籾ԴԪ飬̫ʮֵļԼ̤ϴһ
һˣֻҪ˴Ԫ飬ǳɾʹһ̡
ʲôǴ
֮޷죬ճɻ𣿡̫
߳ɾ͵Ĵ̫ãԼɾʹһУǻ磬ǻߵıԴԪ顣
һۻĴڣ̫Ȼ׷֣Լߵͷˡ
޵ĲԽԽį𣿡
ʣûܻش
ƺһ㣬ɵһ־󣬷һƬҰûκε
ԭǻ۵ʼ˺ѺɣŴɡ
ԼҪģǾͻһ
̫ġ
ǳɾޱ֮ߵĲΣɾ治ԼҪģ̫ǾԻ˺һ
ɵһ־Ҳô𣿡̫ʵ
ʥ˱ң޼ң֮εңأ
˵֮ң֮ң֮ңԼҾң
棬֣Լǵ
Ҵڶеǵң
̫Ȼһ˼
ܡҶе㡣˭˭ֻ߲档
հհգ벻ͨͲȥˣ޾飬֮ǰôôǡҪػˣֿ磬Զ㲻ࡣ
̫Ȼ͸ˡ
Լ֮ǰļΪʲô
Ϊеļֺػ
ģػ飬ֱ߹
ȻˣԼδû·ˣԼϸȥ룬·һֱڵģػͼزԼ·
ںϰɣ
̫ԥã
׷Ѱ޾µĴû뵽ߵſڵһ̣Ȼã˵ʮֵ档
޵ĺܼįˡ
ԻȻżȻѪҲԼʧصã
ôˣ
˭Լ趨һ˼˭ȰԼ˼һ£
̫ö⡣
ĿǰΪֹûʲôԿ顢вԼԼ˺ֻԼ
֧ͨ飬һ֪Ʋܣ̫֪˵Լܡ
Լа˳ɰգǺɵĵһ־
˵еһ־һɵһУʼһµֻأ
Ϊúݣ
ΪΡʧ伣
˵ΪΡ˽Լ
ֵ˼
ǱǺɵһʶе˹¶˵һĺɲǡҪģƿ˺ɻΪ˾Ŵ磿
ǡһʱ飬ߵ߲Σȴһ·粻ԼҪģֻ˺ɣ
²⣬ɲһƺһ֮ϵĴڣ¶įҪһϲ硣
ǰߡˣҪһԼϲľ治׾
ΪλҪݺɣ
ǲ˵ɵ֮ϵ߲βãһɾĴڣȤ
Ȼ̫ĿǰƲ⣬ҲǸղһ˿졣
ЩеԶ̫ûɾʹûɾͺɣϵĲλԶԲȥЩ
鲻룬ԼһҪסղŵֺȻʧꡣ

̫ںƬǷ֮صĵطʼ˳ɾʹ֮á
ɾʹڷ֮ã
ȥģ»ᷢԤ⡣
ɾʹͺĴͬĲΣͻƴΣһлԵ̫Сˡ
ƬⱾ֮أʺͻơ
ϾΪ˴ζڵģҲֻдβʺĵط
֮εںƬƺܴܵѹơ
ƬͲǴ¿ĵط
˵Ȿ򻹻ĥ֮ǣ֮ǰʮô̫һģ
ǵǻ۲ߣ۸
䡪
֮һߣ̫Ԫз֮Ӱһ̣̫ķ֮ӳ˷츲صı仯
ܳƺ֮ˣһ֮ӡ
ʱš
ںһߣԼںϺͻƴΣһ¡
ûκεľ飬ûκ
̫һ޷Ԥʱܳɹ



1147 
ʱţת˲ǰ٣ʮʱ䡣
֮ɾʹٺѾȥ˺ܾúܾá
ڴǰʥ˵֮ǰǧˣѾɳ˽˵
˿̵ĺģ˵ʥ˲Ÿҳһ
ڣʥ࣬޼εһ࣬޼εĸ֣ѴӴǰĲʮ˽ˡ
̫֮رչʱüӴ֮ӳɵ
ü˺̫̹֮£һɾ͵֮εĴڡ
üǰݷ̫ʱ򣬷֪̫ںġ
ü˵˺üһ˼
֪̫Ϊȥ֮أкܶҪֺĵĵ֮
üͿʼ˱չأʱȺ̫ٻȥֿߡ
ֻǣһȾǺܾúܾá
ˣ̫ûٻǡ
üһǵģԼ̹ŵȡ
һ֪źɻٶԽԽ죬ıݽԽԽһ죬֮ص˽ھŻ硣
ҪҪǰȥ̽飿
չ̫ΣԼ̫չʱĴֹǵ뷨
ǵõʱ̹һ̫ѼȻѣ԰赣ǣǾ
̫ѴûʧȻȥ뷨ǾͲȥˣ̫аյġü̹š
𣬰Ǻ˵ˡ
ʵʵ̫̫
£̹źü̫١
նɱֻĿ
οȥ˷֮Ҫ͵һ𣬵ڶ𣬵ݣɵӲȥ
Ȼ̹źüô˵ˣ˴̫ٻͺá
ֻǲ֪һȾôá
Ȱȣһձһǿ󣬴ıһձһɾûν֡
ԵǣΪ̫͵һ˴Э飬˵໥ء

һߡ
ûⷽĵˡ
ΪӴĲҲҸġ
֪ĺͻ磬Ҫⲿ֡
벻ЩֻԼһĶԹԼͺá
ʥ˴ըʱʮʥ˴ڵĺģ㲻Ҫ
ǰ˵ȻʥˣǶԱţе΢
˵ϡˡ
˵֮ǰʮڷΧи׼ʥ֣ڷΧڲи׼ʥ֡쵽ʥ˲ΣǾ͸ϡˡ
Ŀȥʥ˱ߣʵϸ˵Աʥ˸ϡ
⣬µĺģö˶Ȼص˻Ĺʱѣǧͷʱ
ΨһûģЩȻǸ֣ȻǴ
вٸкܶ˵ȻԺƴǿ
롢ˡԯ塢ۿ̫һȵȣ̫չصʮǳɾ޼ɡ
΢һڤӣۡĸߡġ˵˵ȵȣҲˡ
ʽˣΪ޼ɵʱ
дǰۻĺ¥ݳһķӪ
Ȼۻϵǰ㣬ŵľһֱûжʬΪ׵ģѹ¥ԪȾŴϡ
̫չصĵ꣬¥ԪȺʥ˵ĲΡ
ֱһ̣ʬġ˾ֵķ֣Ѿǿҵˡ
Ҳ˵ŵľϣžǣ
Ҳ׳ֵġ
ʥ˺ûʥǲһġ
οڲҲԽԽԹˡ
ǵģʥԽԽ࣬ǵУҲвٳɾʥˡ
Ȼʥˣ˭һʥ˵£
ûйȻѣڲìܴˡ
Ǽ⻼ɷߣѾûȥ
ң˾ֵĳˡ
¥Ϊ׵ȻʬһˣһĻ˺ġ
ʼʱ˾¥·ȷʥˣճʥã͸սʬһʥˡ
һʥ˳ڵսʥڵģⲻ
㻹ԪʥˣʬҲʥ°

޷뵽ġ
û뵽¥ô֪ͣĵõһںʬĴսУ汻ˡ
һзŴʵͬԲĴ鱦ȣǿ
һֳʥ˳ڣ˵սʤһʥڣսʤһʥ˺ڶеϣ
ǿҲǴûѹƵǿ
̫˵ֻ̫Ϊ
ʥ˵мƷ鱦ʥĽĴڡ
Ѿ޼ɲſӵе
¥ʬ
κΣʬһֱǿߣ±¥ˣȻֶͨˡ
Ҫһʥ˵նɱʬ
¥Ͼ̲㰡
ƻʬ˵㡣
¥һգû뵽͵ۻĵѳŵˣһӡһ鱦ԼԼնɱʬ
û뵽Լʧˡ
ⲻ֪
ˣߵʬܷŭһҪһҪնɱ¥
ִɺϵһڡ
ףǿɱʲôطʬŵʵ
ʱֻһʬʥʱ
㣬ǵۻģʬȻɵˡ
Լ˵ۻĵУ
ǣԼ͵ۻг
ΪԼôһɱ
ۻĵѣʲô˼ϡ
ͣ
ۻĴʬġС
ЦģŻǸţһֱϣʲô㲻Ϊ㲻ǱʥԼŶ㲻㻹ܴ񣿡
ۻ˵ʬһԼ͵ۻг
ǲǺɻг𣿡
ȷ
ģ˵ģҲߵûǣҡ
ۻĵǵĳ޿ѾˣɻǵУδݲǵļ԰һδεĺڰ֪жȥ֪ҾеһߣһķЩնɱ֮ˣ
˻˻
ʬȻһģЩվס
˵һھѪ
͵ۻгˡ
ԭۻԼ飬һԼ԰顣
Լ֮ǰΪη԰
ԭ򲻾ǣԼ԰ɳ
ɽĻԵԼԼ
ԭ˰
¥ݵϷʬƺˡ
ûڱʥԼ˱ʥֻܳıߣӰŵǰ𡭡ʵǹıҲУϾŲ˵뷨ǣҲҲʦһֱܵ𺦣ֻһֱ졣
һĬ
ԭˡʬڼҲ֪ˣɡ
ʬ뿪ˣܣ
ǲܵģȲ˵סˡ
ˣиĵΪˣܵȥ
İɡ
Ǵ˵еĽɴʬɴ£ĸ

Ȼɴɴ󣬹ʬһ˿ѵ΢Ц
Լȥһ죬ǲẦµġ
֪ԼԵɴʱʬһЦ
֮󡭡
˵ʬʥڵĵۻģһɴԼĵۻģˡ

ʬնɱеһлΪԴ󣬵ۻһХ
ԼĴڱˣһߴʬڱԼնɱ
ôԼȻûз߶
ۻĺʬһδ𺦼԰Լļ԰Դ޶ȵġ
ԴأѾкܶࡰء
磬ôл
ֻаʬնɱˣնɱķҲ䣬ֻˣԼŻĻָ
ܾ֮ԼܼԼķˡ
֮󣬵ۻķ̫硣
ʦӣڳ޼ɲΣʦʥ˺ڣԼǰڽˡ
һ˳˵ģͽɾʥ˺󣬸ΪʦҸͽŵĵͳ
ۻĺΪѣԼҲҪͽˣʱ졣
һߡ
¥ȻûնɱʬȻռƻʬһˡ
ʬµʥˣҲµķĳϡ
֮ǰģѡһͷ
ʬһʥˣܺã˸Ϊսķֻ˳Ϊ˵߹ƶǽˡ
ˣΪ׵¥ĿǰУǿһ
ڽľ̲˴һһ
ĺˣĽϵʽ治սܣ¥ϻ˰ӡ
̫չضʮӪʽͳһһнʥ˴ڵĺĴ

ڷ硣
ٵıʣԷӰ첻
޺ܵ͵ԭ򣬷ûɽôʡ
ߵͷĸ֣ȥɽ磬ɽ֣ңʵһ硣
ڷǿա
Ѿչһͨɽ硢磬ԼڵĴ
һȥɽ飬ٵĽѾʥ˵ս
˵һɽ΢С
Աչֻ˵̫ˡ
ɽ΢ɽͷķǽɡʥ˵ľ޴Խ
һ
ǵһ棬̫档
̫չصĶʮʱһʥڵĸɱ׷˹
ҵԴȪˣʥһҪ㡣
ҵԴͷĺз
ǣ˵꣬ȻʥԲѹϯ˹
ηСôﲻĵطȥ
Сһ
зo((ѩn))o
ס֣ǵնִʹзˣǵңзһԼܲסĹˡ
ȿȣ˵ʲôǺзֻһŮ
зִʹߣǴ˵еĺз񣬿ȿȡһ
Ĳ֣зŮ
ֱ
һһŮ˺зǰз˿
зԼ𣬾ˣԼǰһһŮԼ򲻹ҲҪᶨĵ˭֪ԴͷҷָȥĪҪ󡣡
Ǵ˵еĺзУ
ǰ氡згûҾȻˡ
ôзôֻʥڣ
Ҳ
з(--ŭ)
ǹˣǵ˭
з㱻ͷ㣬ܲϲ
ȿȣסǵһ棬ǵ棬ǵִʹߣȻôɵ⣿
£
ʲôзŵ
зҷ˵ûǵ棬ҷ򸾶ءҷ򸾶»裬ҷˣӦ˵ɣ
⣿з±ơ
ֱˣһк󣬺з
Ȼоô
ԭһֱĿ飬ֻǵĲ
ΪʲôΪ֮ǰԼ˵е˰
֮󡭡
Է꽲һȥ̫罻֮صķ
罻ƽ̨ķĽǣ֮ǰδ٣С޾ԲĹ򣬵ҪôչļˣҪôһɲ䡣
ֵ̫ı仯
ڽϴΪ٣ҪЩСȻҪϴ
ۺϿǲΪЩԽߣ޾˱仯仯ĺô
зѨzѣ
ֻǡ
ֻܸ̾۹⣬ܺûȷ޾ȥ˱仯
ԼĲ룬Լõ˺ôôĲΪԼɲǽܴ
ԭҺôҺõľ棬зˡ
ʮĴȥ
û޾磬ǧ磬кҪгƽ֮ԼҪŬ

ڵһķ꣬Ҳںܾǰ̫ļƻ˵յʱ
һͺĵʱȺܴʱոչȥ˲ѡ
̶̵꣬գѾ˾޴ıǨ
ĵ򣬹ֳûݺᣬȻһĺķò
Ǳ޴֧ţı飬ııǨ

ϵı仯ͽֻ̫չʮ΢
ĵı仯޷ϸ˵
̫ƶľ棬ܱ仯ܴȴҲ졣
Ϊû̫ͱء
ѾγɵĹ켣;棬໥ӣҲ໥ߵ졣



1148 
̫İ˴ӣȫ̫硣
˴ӣٶĸ򣬽ǿԵʣ˶ﵽ޼ɳĲΡ
ʯ顢ľޡѡˣΪںԵʣǴﵽ޼۷塣
ԪӺŮ΢㣬ǰŸո޼㡣
棬̫ܵĶĿȾ֮ǿλӣ˿Ϊ޼߲㡣
ٶе˿־塣
Ϊ޼㲽޼߲㣬ֻж̶̵ʮ̫꣬ͬչصʱ䡣
ңеǣԼ޼ɵڰ˲㶼Զˡ
ֱķ롣
뵽ģֻԼи̫̫Լĵ̫ʱһڴȵĽ
̫ĽԼļУӦԼĽ
ǻǺܾȡ
ʲôٶȣԼӦ½ô죿
ֱ⡣
ٶȥԼú޼ɾŲԲˡ
Ҫ֪νļУҪ̫˵Ӱ졣
໥Ĵ߶Ƿ
ǽܿ죬߶̫֮˵ľ޴
̫ܿ죬ȴĴ߶ܻ
ִ߶ܻȻ̶̰дɾĿǰ߲㣬˲㣬Ƕô¡
涼ڻɣҪ˰ɣ
ǽΣͲͨ
̫Ȼ޴ԼӮĴﵽ޼Ų㡣
ʱԼҪȥ֮ӳɵǾΣˡ
棬ֵĺܽǡ
޼ںϷ򣬾һһĿ飬㲻ûκεĺô
̫Ŀ飬ʦĸĽǲڲǰʦĸ޼ɺ߲󣬰ʦֵʦȫ˹
졭
һΰѰ˴ټ˹
ʯȽʵʱ򣬿˳һְ״̬档
ʦĸڵӵǵʵ
¡һãǲӰӣһʱʧĻ档
ٻǰǸǣҽҪ޼ɰ˲ˡ̾Ϣĵ
ʲô
ôܣʦĸ

ڵһǣǰͶ˵ԼǽԽԽãԽԽΣա
ⲻԼ̫Ϊ֮˵Ӧ
״̬ȥ֮ӳɵ
ü̫ȣʱĸ򣬼ϵ־ΪƽĽȥ֮ȻҲΣգչаյĽ
治һ̫ˡ
ȹ̵ʱ䶼ûС
һֱѹԼĽûʱĥ
ǲȥѹԼڶҪŲˣҪȥ֤֮ˡ
⣬㶼ѹƲסҪ޼ɰ˲ˡ
˲޼ɣȥ֮ӵһ
ŲʱԪ񶼻Ϊ˷򣬱Ҫȥɵᱻͬ
˲㣬峹ںϷֻʣԪûͬ
˿õ
Լ˲ͷ򳹵ںϣʱҪѹѹסˡ
ǰ˲νĶ㻹ã黯ˣҲԱԪڣԳ
˭֪˲󣬻᲻ỹ޷ѹƵļ
ǽ˲ͷ򳹵ںϣٶȻǾʮó̡
һ޼Ų㣬޿ɱܣԪ񶼺ͷںϣΨһʣµľǣڴ֮ӵĵĻ
ʱ֮ӵĵᴩʱյٻʱ򲻵ҲҪȥ֮ӳɵ
ȥ˴֮Ӻ󣬵Ҳ᳹ںϷ̫֮һɴ֮еһˮһҪȥͷɵˮ
ڰ˴ǵǳ˼һ̡
¡
ֻѹƲסˣ׵ĺͷںˣǰõӰһ̳׵ˡ
û㹻ĸ͵֧֣۲ֻ֮һڿеǳҫԪǳ
ˡһնǳд
￴óѸٵĻˡ
̫ü˲ʱ򣬶־͵۳˿仯ķ֮
̫ˣ־͵Ķ۲֮
ʦĸڵӵǵغ
ĻҪʦҲ֪Ǳչأٶ̫ˣʲôĲΣʹ֮£ѹƲסĽһ̾Ϣ
ǰͶԵ˵ԼٵԭΪʦ̫Եʡ
˵Ϊʦĸܵõʦ̫֮һ
΢֮һҪСȻʦĸʱѹƲסĽ޼ɰ˲㣬Ƕôµ
ѵʦˣ
ǲ
˴ټмǽ
ʦĸ˵
ֻƵ޼Ų㣬޿ɱȥ֮ӳɵҳɵĻᡭʮûκεĻġ죬ʦҪΪҲҪ̫࣬ҴӿʼԹ޻ڣʶջҵĵ
Ѿˡ
ˣ°ɣҪĸչأζҪһԡԲɱĽŲ㣬һȥ֮ӣ˲ҵļޣղŵĻһԺʦ˵ȥɡ
ʦĸ
ʦĸ
ڵ˺ѷεź
ǣûκεİ취
˵ģ˵ľˡ
޼˲ļޣõľ档
ȫԻʱĻۺ͸ֱаպھŲȥ֮ӳɵ
ǰ˲㲻Ǽޣҵ
Ǿˣʱ䣬ȥѹΪתȫȫĸ־
ʱʲôزȫԸˣԹ޻ڶѡ
ʯȵǣ޷ֹҲûκεİ취
ʦĸʹʦ𣬿ʦʮǰǴκʦĸ󣬾ͽղκεѶϢˡ
Ȼʦ̫һһеıչͻ״̬
չأпܾΣΣûʲôֹʦһУǱΡ
˴ߺ
Ԫеǣеһҡҷ
ȻԽԽˣԽԽˡ˲ȻǼް̾Ϣ
˲ٶȽô졣
κΣֻ
˲ֲûм٣ˡ
ڼٵҪϵĲΡƺ϶ˡ
ǾͲѹƣĸɡ¶˾ġ
ȫԸѹƣԼ㣬ȫԸѹƾڲʱ
ѹȫȥ򣬻ٵ˵úͻ޼ɾŲ㣬ȫľ档
֮ǰһֱѹƣѹƵĽһֱûá
ʱ̣ѹˣȥɡ
ʱš
ĻǸģ̫޾ƶһֱڽ
ɻĽһֱܿ죬һЩĵСѾɡ
ںɽŲǰأҵġ¡һֱͣ
ǺС
ǣС粢û飬ӻдڣ˺ڲһ츣أнһ
ǰ£СͻС缫޺󣬻С糬ѳĴµ硣
⣬Ĵ̲СУǶܵһĴУ֮ϡ
бԼ绹ϵ磬ֻҪԼͻļޣͻѣȥϵ硣
úܶ޾еĴԽ߸е˾ȡ
еѾߵһ۷壬оȤȴͻȻ֣ϵڡ
ԼûдﵽĿǰļޣᳬĿǰ硣
Ȼܶϵͳ鿪ʼյ񣻡һȥϵ磬Ѱһؼҵ·
յǳ׷ˣȻܻص磿
Ǿɣӿң˭

һʮְ͵һ졣
죡
ɽ磬Ϻ
Ȼ䣬һϯĵϢ
δһϣѾ
棬޼Բ֮ӳɵ

⣿
ʱŵùˣ޲Tֻؼ˶ˡ
澹ȻԼ죬ûеѵ̫ģ
ɵʲôΪһ޼ɳڵŲ㣬ֱ߸
Ļ̿־̾һ

̫İ˸еЪ˹
ʦĸû׼ãʦĸ˵ģʮľ档
ǣֹ˰ֻܿһɫǳӣȥ޵ĿУǴ֮ӡ
վɲġ޼ɾŲˡ
סҸ˵ģʦ𡣡
Ļ˴¡
֮ӣ
ȻƺƵ֪Լûгɵϣ
Լ֮޷ۣοǶȹĿȥɵˡ

֮еĵںˣ֮ںϺΪ˴ķ
ʶһʱ̣Ѿ˺Ƶ֮еһˮ
Ƿ˵ĵһ飬޾ķ𣿡
ܶȹ򵥵Ŀ𣿡
ܶķ𣿡
һᡭ
һԵģ˭ǣҴڵǣֻҪס̫Ϳɣ˼ҵִһȹġ
һʱ䣬ǣҷ˼ʧɣ

沨˻Ŀĵĸ֮ӱڡ
濪ʼɻ󣬽ʼԼ˭˺ܶԼļ䡣
һһֱǡ

̫ѣ
Ǳ𡣡
ǵһε棬졣
ѣǺǵһˣ˵ѣȥʳܴ⡭ѺֶΣһ
̫һ·ȥʳļ䡣
ֻ̫ЦЦû˵

ɽˮ꣬Ǻڡ
̫˺壬뿪ʱĻ
һĻ棬һ䡣
̫ս޻ʳ󺰣¡
ֵ֮ӣ½ѹ裬̫ɨһС
һϺһ̫硢ֱ
ǻУ˵ҰԼˡ
ʯǳƺʦĸ̫޾硭

һζμȥһζλ˹
ƾ̫飬ԼȴԼ
һ̼ƾ̫˼ȹ˴ķ
Ѿˡ
֪ǴͷҡҡҡҡĿ顣
Ķȹ𣬿ɾԶȲʵеκһؿ
¡
֧Ľͷʶһ͵𵴡
ˣлҵļ䣬ҵãҵһС

ıԴʶ飬˴ͷһĿС



1149 ֻ
̫˫һξӨỬ¡
档
̫һ̾˿̵Ѿ֪һС
˵ŷ֮صĴݣǲܸܵġ磬Լ֮е
̫˿̣Ѿ˴Ρ
ʮıչأںĻ磬ߺ϶ΪһɾϴΡ
Ϊ𣬵֮ʳƵ
Σ֮ϵĴ
䡪
㣬㡭
̫ʶĵչԨŴûйϢ
ǱҲԶԴѹơ
˿̵̫޷ϸΪ
ֻ˵ߵԴͷΪ۵Ĵ
һеԴҲǻһеԴͷƿǧ
Ԫеķ֮ӣת˴֮ӣз򶼴ڵĳӣǴǰߵķ򳤺ӡ
зеĵΪԭ㡣
䡪
̫һХ

ֻƬоȻƿһӣƿͨĵطɢɫĹâ
̫ӺƬƿһУһ嫵Ĵ֮С
ε̫֮Ѿ޿赲ȥȥ
ĳɵʧܣǼ򵥵ں
ں̫Ժɵİʱճ̳
֮ӵһ̣նеһϵ
ںϷ޼ɵڰ˲㣬Ѿͺûκǣ˷һ֣ŲԪںϣһжͺնϡ
£һһжͺû˹ϵ˵Ӻž޴Ļʧˡ
Ҫ棬ֻ֮ӣת֮ӵʱ
κΣ
¡¡
ֻ̫Ҫʩչʱջݣȴһʵʵʼ
Ȼ𣿡
̫εһ̾
֮ӹȻԶȴθߵĺɵ
еһΪţֱǾŴĸԴ
оţ϶ΪһһǺɡ
̫Ҫתȴ֣ƺƬеıʼѹƣתʱճӡ
Ҫ
ǴľͷԴͷ̫ԼȻ޷롣
ߣ𣿵š
ಣ
һ̫֪̽ԼĿǰȻǾͽ׺ɡ
׺޷ںϾŴ߶ѣĿǰеھŻĴߣڰ˻ߡ
һȥˡ
˲䣬̫ʧ˴֮С
һγֵʱڵھŻ硣
ΪںĻ磬̫ûκεԥ˲乵ͨ˵ھŻĻߡ
һҪģ˸ε
Լֻһ˵꣬˺־â
ΪԼںܽâ
Ϊ飬Ǻɵһ־ķֻ˵еʶǺɵһ־ķ
ʼʱ˵Ԫ顣
ڻѹھŻԪ鱾ӦʧȥԪعġ
ԪһɲεھŴĵһ־â
Ԫ޷ǣ˵һԪ飬̫
ǣԪ޷ǣȴʱ޾Ĺȥδ
̫꣬ԵɺϵԵʱԪںϣԼǰ̫ܾһھŻʱ
ԪȻǿ󣬿չһУܴһв׽̫ꡣ
ɺϵǣԪںϵâɵһ־ǲʱգκεĹ켣ܵھŻļʱ⴩ġ
ֵɺϣ˵ԤõģΪ˭ں˵һ־âˡ
ֻ˵˰ҲãԵɺҲգôˡ
Ҫǰ̫꣬ںâϵһ̣Ҳ˹켣
ɾŴ磬ǵһ־ķֻ˭Եġ
ǣںâ̫Ĺ켣
Ϊ˹켣̫Ĺ켣Ǵӿʼһ·ôںâȻһδ棬һһ·

һ̣̫ѪֵĵԵú޹ؽҪˡ
޾Ѫ͹עΪԼܣȴ벻ǰ㡣
⻹һ㣬κ̫Ĺ켣Ѿȷ
˼ǣܽĸı䣬ɾʹε飬ĴǰѾΪ˿϶Ϊ˲ɸı䡣
ݿ϶˹켣ʧҲ˵̫˺ɵһд뱾еһ޷ı䣬޷Ĩȥ
̫ͨԼȷ˹켣ʱصԼκһʱ㡣
Ҳܸı⣬Լκʱκ顣
֮ǰĸ飬Ҫ׷Ĺ켣ڲҪˡ
̫Ĺ켣ˡ
켣ǵġ̫Ĺ켣Ӻ־ֻʼġ
Ҳ˵ھŻйʮ١
˼ǣ͵ħ-̹ſٵ-ٵ٣һֻء
̫ڵʱ䣬ǵھŻĵʮֻء
̫ȷ켣ǣʮٵʱȷ
˿̲ܴĵκʱ㣬ܿԽʮȥʮ١ȥڶʮ١ȥʮ١ȥھ١ȥһ١
ǴӺɵһ־ֻ㡣
һ̫һ̫һһֱɵһ־ֻʼ
һɾʹһ̣ĨˣҲ϶ˡ
Ψһ޿ɸģ޿ȡ档
ν棿
̫֪ĿǰĶԲԣǺܴտԿ϶桢ԼĿǰ׷Դľͷ
ԼһУԼƿأԼӱ֧ĨȥԼһгΪȷ档
Ըı䣬ѳȷ
Ŀǰ޿ɸı䣬ҲѾȷ
ԴͷʼҲǺ־ֻʼڣѾεֻأÿһļļǵá
ÿһз˵еȥȥʮеȥ
Ϊ˾ˣڲ֪ɾʹԴͷǺɵһ־ûоԵĳʧ
Ǻɵһ־ʧſɡ
һ㣬һ־ֻĲǵģֻ顣
̫ĺܶμһЩķɷĵϣ˵ʱ򣬻һУǧ̺Ĺ򣬸ʱյάȵȡ
һ΢ɳһĺŸһ鱥˪ʯһ˵Ĺ켣
Ļ۵Ĺ켣²һɳʵǲȵǰ
㿴Ÿ߷ɣ㿴ľԼĺ
㿴˪ʯľĹȥ
Ϊһ־ʱάȺˣֺʱάǣ
ֻҪûдﵽȷĨԼĹ켣ĨԼ˵飬ˡ
ϸΪһв䣬ϸܿ綼һ˵ı仯
֮ϸ
ʯͷȥ㣬ǷеʯͷҲ㣬ʯͷ׹ˮﷺ˻㣬棿
ϾеԴǺɵһ־
ڲȷԼһУĨʱάȵԼǰ㻹治֪˵ģǲǴһʱն㣿
ǧ˵ǼٵģΪҲڼС

̫ԽΣֱ۵ȷ
Ҳһܽ𰸣ԭ棬
ϸһɲԼ
㣬ǵ
ֻڣ£е㣬ԭĿǰԼ㡣
õе㣬ȷԼ켣Ĩ˴˿еԼ㲻ĿʼҲɾͱ
ѾǿǿûˣôνɵָΣ
ѵĨԼȷ£ԼʼĿǰԼȷ˴Ŀʼ
ܰѱѰ棬Ĩ
ǸöôĿ£µ̫
Ϊһɲ䡣
ţ֪еһУ֪еĹȥδڣ
᲻е¶еֻص˼ٵУ
Լڲͬ棬ҪǱҲڲͬˣֻصԭ㡣
Ͷɼˡ
̫ǵãԼյõԪǰĪĸоʾԼ
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̫
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