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ʵԼ࣬ԿԷȴƫƫѡ˲Ż
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ƶΪһ̰ԼģȻ֪ΪʲôԼֻôһԭܲ˵ΪѧϰһѾҪѧϰȽڻҪרҵ
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ƶԴÿ޳֮ˣһ۾;

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ⷬһ˿ĿҪǰƶ϶ԥطڡԵþһֻӣĬĬؽӹˮҩȻɵذַ˼Ѽҩˡ
ҩ
ƶɳϣȻ˫۶ŵӻڷʲôݣѾȫ֪ˣʱең߰뷨һţȫ˼
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㡭㲻ȥܲ
㿴𣿵㡭Ҿȥܲ
Ŷƶ죬˵ˡȥܲȥɣҡһۣҪ˯
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ӾŮֿʼĽԴӴ˿̵ƶٴο⻭棬ȫž˿ûܵκεĲ
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ʵе˵ģַһ𿴵ӾʱرŮǱһ𣬽ĽԴӴḶ́Բ֪ΪʲôȻԶѻлԼַ
Ȼڵʱ򣬻ָֻ

ĥ˵Ĵ󻵵ƽʱռԼ˾ˣھȻԼ˼붼Źƶ̾˿䣬ˮԼգ̧ͷžеԼ

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ĬĬشӴԼĺʵ˯£ǸееȣæһϢװȥַţŵ˲䣬㿴ַһ࣬Ҵҵ˽
ˡַһϣתͷƶ˵㰾˹ͷ࣬㰾Сʱ
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ƶźһչˣ΢ԣеʧң緹ʼַ㿪ʼæµȻ緹Ǻʳס
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ƶӶӲˣ˻±ץĽŸУһԺ
֪ˡַ΢Ц˵



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ԼΪĸϷװġ
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ƶַͬʱֺ¿ŮִܵԼһἵʵ裬뾡취ռΪУ־ȥӳ֮׵

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ο޾ɵַ֪Щ϶࣬ΪչԼŮһæǰæģ漴ĵʵŮôˣ

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⵽ǡҪæˡϪͷ漴ЦæҲҪԼҵĺýһ֡
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ƶӣϪ̾˿Ҳ뷨ǴŮꡭǸ̵ĴŮ꣬Ϫܵ֡ڴ顣

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Ҫ֪Ůˣ̶ǸģƶڡNature͡ScienceڿϷĵŮˣҲ޷ⱻͷԡ
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ƶҲһУҲпܻϲˡ

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ʵҲãһҪˡƶҲûд̫ãϾҪȥǸ׳ա

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ƶļһüͷ΢΢壬˵Ҫ⣬ƾоʵ̫ܡҲе㿴Ȼ漰ۣͬʱ˴ۡ
ҾġϪʼ磺ҾϵͳУоĻпܻµ˼·
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û⡣ͷҾͲύġ

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ϳʱַںģûвʻλϵӻȺģͬʱλҲ˸ı䡣Ϫ˵Ҫ֪Һһ𡣡
ƶˣԼ㾡ϡ

ǲϪͻȻյƶϣһЦ˵ǲѽ

ѽʣƶæתͷƽ˵Һǡͨѡ
ϡ
ʲô˼ģ󵨳ϾˡϪ˵ͻȻʶһ⣬Сʵɣ㡭㵥˼
ʲô˼˵ʲôƶǲͷϪı飬𽥻
˻
ţ
治˰ɣ
ϪԼĺýãִ˵Ϊ˵⡭ֻСƶþǿϣΪڴֺµ

ûϵ𣿡Ϫʵ
š
ûйϵƶͷƽ˵Ϲ롣
ûйϵáϪЦ㻹˵õȷ˧֪ʶôķḻȻеνһ˧ڰٳϪΪ˧ȥʡ
ԼýõĻƶؿʵʲô

׷ѽ
ͷ˲ˡϪ˵㲻ҪҾҪඡ
㡭
ǲʺϣƶæ˵ʡ
ϪԼýãŵģЦ˵ô˵𣿡
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ƶϪһЦӣʱ֪˵Щʲô˼ܾã˵ϪЩ㲻

ʲôġϪû˵ϲϲ㣬
䣬
Ϫʵǡ˼Ҷûоֻǵˡ
ǣ

ƶһļԼ˺ù۵Ȧףһŭ˵ιϪ㾹Ȼ·ң
ϡ
һôʲô˵ġϪЦǺǵسƶ˵ϲ𣿡
ҡ
Ҳ֪ƶҡҡͷε˵
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ʲô˼ϪãȻʵأ
Ҳ֪ƶҡҡͷ

ɲǼ䣬
Ϫе㲻֪룬ϲϲϲͲϲв֪˵
Һϵǳӡƶ̾˿ĬĬ˵ӵҺе㡭޷˳֮Ĺϵ
Ϫüͷ˼ܾáڵôʶģ
ʶġƶ˵

ôףϪһһЦ˵Ϊһδеˣʱûɡұʪ͸ˣͻȻ֣šľС¹һײ
ءҲǶһ顣Ϫ˵
ƶһ۹ۣû˵ι㵱ĵӾأôܡ
Ǻǡ
ǺأϪʵ
桭
Ųأƶû˵˽ôҪʲô

ˡ˵Ͳ˵¡ϪЦЦ
ƶĬһ£˵ϪҪκַҲȥ鷳Се飬Ǹղĵģ͵ʲôûз𣿡

İɡе飬Ҿ͵ʲô֪Ϫͷ˵СƶҪץʱ䣬һŮߣʵ̫ϧˡ
ƶû˵ӿһɰ
ߣ
ߣ
ֻҵģ



һʮ Ǵ
Сƶ
ѡǲǵˣϪʱ䣬üһѾȥ˿СʱڶûпӰСʵҪ绰ʡⶼˡ

ѣƶһԼ۵˵ص
Ϫһۣε˵СѣϿ绰ɣǲǵˡ
š
ƶϪ棬ַһ绰
ι
ȥˣƶޱʵ

ڲſڳַ̡˵𣿡
š
ɡƶȻ˵
ַƵ˵Ŷҳ̣šʮӵʱɡ
ַĻ
ƶҪģʲôҪʮӣ߹ڣҲ˼ֵùǿƣĬĬ˵šˣҺϪš
˿̵ַüͷƶôƽ棬ٺܶ࣬ǰԼ̡ܻᱬըôȴûκεķӦ
ˡ
أ
Ҷͨ
ƶߵĹۣһƽ˵ʮӾͻˡ
ϪͷһЦ˵չʲôزˣûǣǣֻ֮ģòǡʲôûɣ
ι
˵ܱܲԣƶû˵ҪǴҺ֮顭ʵڲУ㡭Լһˡ
У
ҾңϪһŭһַ˧ǻۣӾˣʱ㡣
Ŷ
ƶͷԴ˲ûʲô뷨бַ˧ģҲַӾģɱǻ۵ġûˣ쵰ȫţѧžͨѧҲ漰
һ𡭡ֻҪǣ֪ʶ棬ͻᱻ׳Ƶ
˼£
ƶСʵϪ˵һܹŵʲôز

ʲô˼Ϫʵʲôŵʲôز
ǡʲôšƶʵ
롭
žˡϪ˵ʮͳΪʿʮΪУĸڣʮ˳Ϊڣع¿Ŀͽ飬ͬʱڹҲû
ƶ죬˵áַ㲻ţ

ô˵ءϾҲ˽ӽҵıšϪ˵ȻˡŵʲôزҾ޷жϣࡣ
ࣿ
Զˣ
ƶû˵ɲڹǰԼַ

ַʲôģϪʵ

ʡƶ˵ĹǳǳġʣҲ˵֪˶ûʲôôɡԺ飬һɲңҲ
Ϫһ£һԼĺýãε˵ڱôʧȥֱӡֱӴһԲԡ
䣬
첲һƶЦ˵ҪһȥưɡȻҰҾԡ

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ܲһ㣿ƶ΢΢һŭҺ֮顭ԶԶһιô򵥵ġ
˭˵ģ
Щ£ûһι˵ģСǾ͹ΡϪ˵Ҫϲˣ㻹˵ַӾͰ£ֱ췹
Ź۵ķԷƶҪˣǰôûзֹôҰ
ǲǡ
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ϪʵûģͿģ⽥ʱеĺڶͬʱģڶĻ䣬֤ףСģʲôӵģ
ôַ֪ޱ˵Լȥ̽¡㷢ģͣ鷳֪ͨһ´ңϸʻ

˭Ϫɻʵ


ɲǼ䣬
ƶַرΣƶִ֮Щķŭ˽µ׺ԼҲˣڹǰԺԼôǰ˰
ԽԽ
Ȼ󡭡
ݺݵһַСȡ
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ôˣϪЦ˵ôˣ
ι
ܷܲŹңƶһϪǵģǣвУ
Ϫʼ磬ַָ˵˵Ǵ
ʱ
ƶһַû˵
Ϫûдʹ˷Źƶ´һƶЦ˵˵ƶȷԽ˺ܶܶŮˣΪҲͦġ
ʱرĽ㡭ϪЦ˵˵ֽˣʲô˼
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ҶˣϪȻ򣺡Ǳɫ˵Ůԭˡƺررʺ㣬֡ˡ
㻹˵
ƶæס۵죬˵׼ˣûУͷ
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ոɿ֣
Ϫƶ˵

ƶҪѪˣҲܹϪҪ־͹֡Ǹ׳ա
뵽
̧ŶַСһ¡
ʱַоԩһֱڵϷô˵Լ
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̸ˣ׼ȥʱڸʻλİ˷硣
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ˡ
ͦáϪ˵ַ꣬˵ַȥǰ棬һں档

šַνĬĬ˸ʻλĳš
һͬ˳ַոհѰȫϵϣϪ̽ǰ˵м䣬ַʵλú𣿡
ͦʵġַͷȻ˵
Ȼ
ҿûϪ΢΢һЦ
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ĬĬصͷóֻƽʱһˢ΢
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ȥҪˡƶû˵
ǵĴˣСȥϪЦ
ƶܺڣΪʲôᰲ˼棬Լ˽ܵ¸Ϫ뵽ƶ֮ǰԹ۵ЩθУһȫʧ
ã
ѹ͵ĹԢ¥£Ϫ򿪳ţͷƶ˵ˡƶ

Ͻߣƶһŭ
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úüͣ
Ϫ˵һַĻҲƶ˵ƶҲҪúüͣ



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ƶںù³ŵһ˲䣬æˡǸŮ˻ٶɱ

ǰǾ仰ʲô˼ַھϪĻʵʲôǼ͡ʲôͣͼֵ𣿲Ѿʷ𣿡

֪
ҪҸͻȥȥʣƶ˵
ַԴС˵ôˣһˣ
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ƶ˵㡭ôҵġʲôƸºáԺôǰ̧ͷҲˣϪɲʲôƲ硣
ϡ
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ˡ
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ι
رڱֻƶŭ˵
ַĬĬջֻ˵ˡ׳ƣ㶼ѾʮˡôõƤס
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Ŷַͷóֻʼˢ΢
ɫİµϻʻڻؼҵ·ϣϸ߼ܵʱƶȴѡһ·ֱǰġ
ף
ȥַƺǻؼҵ·漴ʵȥ
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ƶĻַ£˵ôˡҪȥ䰡
š
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ܿ죬
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⻹򵥡ֱַóֻֻλ£Ȼٽ˸
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Էƶ˵߰ɣ
š

˱ҹĻĳе·У֪ҵ㳡ҵ㳡һ޴ľˮͬʱһģܴȪ
һ㳡һһһԵ£˵ǰ߹ƶüͷ

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ûоûС˼ôáƶû˵϶Ůѡ
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ҵһӴŮˡַЦ˵Ժ𣿡
ƶǶˣһŭ˵Ժͷʶ㣬ҾⱲĴ۸ҡռұˡ
鲻Խ
ʵҲܹң˭ôƯַǰô٩ƶڵԽԽˣ˵Ϸƶĸо
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κжɴһ뷨ʼġƶ˵㲻׼룡
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ƶֲǣͣ˽ŲվԭؿȪȻ󡭡§һƳߵַ֪ΪʲôӿֳһʧС

ι
ȥȥһƶʵ

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ַüͷƶԴӺϪֿ֮һ·϶صӣҲ֪ʲôӰˡ
ðɡ
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˸Խλã˸ԵƷ
ַһƿƶһ衣
𣿡
ƾȼԴﵽʮϡַСʵҾˡ
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ҾöˡƶȻ˵
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˵ƷˣԺžƣԶʦڵƣʵַûʲô뷨Ψһ뷨žеƿơ̫ˣҪǻɹơ᲻õ㣿

ƶصģ
Ƭ̼䣬
ƶֱӺһβƣҾƵĹϵ´˿̵˵ġ
㣿ַؿƶֵһҾƣüͷ˵ˡٺȥˡ
ҪƶͻȻǿ˵

ааɡȡַε˵Ȼ֪ƶΪʲôԡƺǺȶ
ã
ƶĵڶ߶ļβƵˣûһκȵô죬ֻССںš
ʱ
͵͵ַƶ¾ƱЩ⣬˵ιһ⡭ҪĴ𰸡

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ǡҺ֮䡭ʲôϵƶھƾӰ£Ѿͨͨ죬۾ҲеˮģԴѣС
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һҪҸһ𰸵ĻַĬһ£ƶЦϣδܹһֱչ㣬һֱЦݣһֱߣžɡ
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˵֯һƶ˶Էһ΢飬е飬ƶе㷢ʱ뿪˵Ǿƾʶ
ҡ
ҡĻƶˮĴ۾ַϵĺϼѾ˲Ӵ˵㡭ܲܡ˵˵ϸһ㣿



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ι
ôô˵ˣƶʶģ˲Уַ˫Ѿʼɢ˵Ƕ϶ġ
ַЦЦǰƺѾ˵ƶ˵롭ΪǸԸֵˡ

ǡ𣿡ƶŬԼ۾֨֨ص˵ǡҪúáúõŬУرҡҷƢʱ㡭ҪʵʵţҡҷƢ㡭㻹Ҫҿġ
˵꣬
ƶʶʼ˵
֡ˣ˴סҲģҪôҪôǶ˵ܳ壬Ҫôر𡭡ر䣬㡭һҪҪ³ƶҪ˱ıԵȴͣ߶ţ²һᡭһᡭ
ͨһ
ƶֱſϣվƾռƶʶûȥ֧ŽҪ˵Ļ
ʱ
ַƶ֮ľ̬رΡҲ֪֮󣬻ܷǵøղźԼЩԻǵðɣһжǾƾµĽ

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˼ã
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ŮԱİ£ַƶĴȣź󱳣ͬʱ˫ۻŲӣƶ߳˾ưɣһ˵һƶĻַ˺ܴĳУܲǵһˣÿνӴܴȫµĸо
ҹĻµĳУ
ַƶǰľƵ꣬ȻľƵҲҪһ·

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ַ߶ƶȻ֪ſĺϣֱסĲӣ˯ú㡣
ˣ
˵Ҳ²ôַƶǰ˵Ļε㻹ôžǺƢȻҹ㡭
˵
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ôһ£
شѹȣƶеһƣؿڽһ
š
ҡܣƶüͷСͨͨ˵ַҡҡܡ
ϻ
һ㻹Ҿƣ㲻ܣ˭ܣַû˵΢ټһϾҪƵꡣ
ƶղ˵ĻʶķӦַģʵͲ֪

ַԼǿ־ڰƶ˾Ƶꡣ
á
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Ŷ
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˵Ǿǡַһ˵

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аɡ
Ͻҿһ䣬ҿ͸֧ˡַѾʲô˫˴Ǵ󴲣ӾϵŮ˸źá
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俪ˣַ֤ͷһʱ˵ݡ
򿪷ŵһ̣Ѿﵽļޣڻûнæ߽棬ƶôһԼҲ˴ϡ

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һ΢ָһŤͷߵƶһʱַΡô
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ֱӾ

ҲҪ
ʱ
ƶͻȻʹ࣬ת壬۾ʼϵס
ȡ
ȡƶַ֡ҡѡһ¡

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ûеõӦ
ַع󣬷ԵŮѾ׸ˣ׾֮ǰԼϵǼ
˿̵ƶѾԼϵĶڴϡ
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ոյã׼ϱӣͻȻƶֱסַյ˫ۣһ˿϶
ι
ַ
ҡҡƯ𣿡ƶԺʵϡش𡣡

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ƯŮˡַ֪Ůˣǲѻʵʵشˡ
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ѽ
ҡҡ
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ַ󴲵һߣæ˽ȥ˯ϣʶֲǵһ˯һŴΪʲôҪίԼأ˿̸ܵ˯Ƕôǵѡ

ڵַȫû˯⣬ǲʮ˯ŵˣһ׿⻹Ŵ⻹ô˯
Ӱڴͷַһ۱ϵĴ֮ǰûκεĸоΪ̫ˣڡˣҸоǳǿң
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ι
㡭ӦҲ뿪ġƶһŭ
ַҪ±ˣ⡭ʲôһ뿪㣬һù
ɽůıѣַžƵĳһ߳һˢ΢ڲʮ࣬ûκε˯⡣
֪У
ַЩ˯⣬ֻһߣ׼ص˯ʱתͷһ۱һ׿ƶ


Ȼ
һ
վ̫ƽ



һʮ ã鷿
ƶһجΣεԼǸ쵰˾Ƶ귿䣬Ȼݺݵضڴϣʱ򡭡һĴ׳գͻȻ֮һͷĿˡ
š
ԼܰܰҲ֪ܵʲôطֱһ䣬֪˹ȥ͵׼䷿ŵʱ
ͻȻ
ѹ

ԭΡƶ͵˫ۣ˸е֮⣬ʣµľǡҪϲ
Һã
ոմŵʱˡ˽ʮ꣬
ֱ̫ˣ
ͻȻ
ƶЩԾԼԼƺһȫİĻ⡭Լķ䡣
һ£
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ƶͻȻæתͷһߵλãȻǸֵĴһ׿ıϣԼĴΡ
ɲǼ䣬
ƶһԼϵ¿㣬Ȼ㷢֡ϵİɫ棬Ȼ⿪ӣȻ͡ڲסˣһƶˣԼ˫ռ˱ˡ
ȻѾҪزˣƶֻаʣԼռôıˣٶһҲν쵰ͦɵģ⿪˿Ӷѡ
˵
ôƶԼӣڴͷüͷ˳˼У˼ΪʲôԼھƵ꣬ΪʲôַԼߣ̫Ҫȥ䡣
񡭡
ԼȥưɺȾţȻǸ׳յƿơƣԼ˱衣

Ϊʲôȥưɣ
ƶͷ˼ȥưɵԭƺƺԼҪ֤һ飬ʲô飿ˡ벻ˣԽͷԽʹ
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ι
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ƶʶʲô˫ּæסǰݺݵصַ˵ʲôôô޼ɵ

·ͦÿġַЦЦ
׳գ
ƶ˴ӱϵĹóһӷԼĴλȻǰ䡣
Ƭ̣
վһ޴ľǰԼ˵ģ΢΢ϼʵҲִܹôåҪ־͹ԼΪʲôôãôƯ
ġòǻ۷棬ƶ൱ԸĿǰûҵԼ˵Ůˡ
죬
ƶŲ˽Ųߵͷ£ˮӼˬ
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ڴϵַӶǴ
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ƶӱƵ׼õ˯ۣ˯ۺ󡭡˯⣬ǳĴ󡭡˯۵澹ȻȻȫסʵҲԹסƵ
ƶҪˣȻȥûʲô⣬ڡǸӣ
ⲻռ˱ˣ

ϸһ£ƺҲûٿٶ࿴Ҳһ
뵽ƶһ㣬شţԼؿڣ˴󴲡
ϴˣַͻȻʵ
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ˡϴˡƶһۣĬĬԼĴλ
ﰡַƶֵӣЦ˵ǲ̫ˣס

ƶҪˣåµú׼

ƶ˴ͷͬʱץűס˲óֵ򣬽ԼֻʼˢŶ
ף
ǲˮַüͷűӡɻʵ㰡

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ϵʲôˮƶһۣˢԼֻȻ˵ǾƵԡ¶ɡ
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ַ̧Լֱۣһ£漴˵ѽҲõþƵԡ¶ΪʲôϾûζǴɢġ
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·Ҫһ°汾1.0汾ȥԸƶˣҪ2.0汾·
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Ҫţӡַ˵Ͻѱƿ͸͸

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ĬĬɻԼĴλַԼʵʵģһֱ쵽˴档
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ƶִӵĻԹˢŶ˵ѾǸƶϵƭˣ
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жղŶҺˡַ˵
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Բۣ
㿴㿴ж
־ֵƶ̲סԼ߿ۣȻ¡һСʲôԼ




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һҽУ
ƶŵƿӣɿ´ֵؿǱصĶʱҲ˲Լ˯ۣϰ벿Ƿסǳ״̬
ʱ
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ΪͻȻܵ˾޴ľţƶһҵ״̬Ӷÿһμٵĺ΢
ţ
⡭
⾿ǳʲô
ͬʱ
ƶһ⣬ȴ޶ԣٿı顭һģôое㲻Ծѵ׽ŪԼ
ȵȣ
׳ΪʲôԼôʵ
ǲʲôɸ˵ܣ
Ȼ䣬
ƶоؿڴе쬵ģʶؿһۣɲǼ䡭˶סˡ
ɲǣ
ƶÿҪѪŭصַ˵˼֪Ūң۸ҡ
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ⷬжϧոշ¼ƶôж

һ֪ôģƶػصԼλãŭ˵ҵţ
ƶҪַһͷս˯۵ԭȽϴĶһںַսʱ˯۵ϰ벿ֱô죿
׳գ

ӣƶþ֪ʣַϵ裬ϧִӵĶУֱ黰

ַƺûԼ˾һ黰

뵽һ⡣ַԼӣؿƶ˵㡭ǲǴûжҽһЩ黰ɣһڽһ䡮ϲ㡯ûж˵
ƶʱƿԣϸһ¡ȷûжʲô黰ȫһһﳪϷ
ǡ
ЩԼͽ
ܲܶҽһ䣿ַһڴؿƶ
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ҸŪһ㡣ַһ£Լһֻס˴°ͣؽתԼһߡ
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Լ°ͱַס˲䣬ƶоڵնˣԴתַǱߡ

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ƶĶˣ̱Ҫ˵ַĻС
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ڼʧȥʶһ룬
ƶع൱Թܹô̵ʱڣһŮ֮飬һֱս˵ʲôԼΨһϲŮӣšʲô⡣
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ЩԼŮӽƶݺݵصַ˵սշ硭֮ǰͼŮӽǵ̶ֳȣ
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Ӧƶж鲻ԽضԼĻȻ󡭡˽뵽ŨĽ׶Σ
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һ䣬
ַָǶãǵƻͨͻȻ֮䡭ȫ


ƶַַƶһʱЩΡ
΢һ¡
ַæ򿪴ֻܴһķ϶ƾ϶ιǶãôڷأͻȻ˿˸ʲô
ƶֺֺЦ쵰μûãҲǶŹԢȵĵݷģոշģݾͱˡ
ϽѴϣȻѴáƶһۣû˵ˣ
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ƶͷȻ˵ûȷˣǺϴ˯ʲôϵ
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Ϊ֮ǰƶ׿ڸֻӵǣ֡ʱͱˣȻáʱƳ٣ſԽĻܡ
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ʾôˣԼϵĻǲǸˣ
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쵰ڸʲô
ƶִ쵰ӺԼıӣæűӴӴ糺صַȻûʲôƹ⣬ԼԼܹǸ׳ա
ι
쵰Ҫʲôƶ߳ŭ˵ҡֻ㿿㡣

ַһ±ƣãʵֻǿû뷨
ʲô뷨
мλôĿտ΢ҽһ㡣ƶ֨֨ص˵˳㡭˳ͱңȻűӱҡ

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Ϊе䡭㿿һ㣬ҡƶ˵ͰԼıӸˡ
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һģһȵģ仹ȣַʵ
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Ҳԣ
ѵû飬ͲΪԼLSPˣ

Ժܸܲһ΢׼ȷϢַĬĬصԼλãӵϼһӣϣ漴˵һΪͨˡ׼ȷӦ
ƶصԼĴλͬʱԼʵʵģʵʲô˼ʲôȷӦ
ûѧ𣿡
ַЦ˵Ϊ2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2FeһĻԭԻø۵ʵķ
ҵȻ֪ƶüͷʵͨйϵ𣿡
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Сʱ
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˯أϪС˵ŵˡ
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ƶʶ˵ŵ롭;ŵɣ졭ûпΡ

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ҡ
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磬
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ȥȥ䣿ƶߵַʵ

ϴҲȥˣȥַܾ⵽˴һɣԴε˵ȥȥȥˣȥ̡
飡
̡֪ƶֶַַ˵̺ʹ
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ƶ֮ǰϪ֮ûб̬ҪôԷóҪôԷ飬Ҫôóֽ顣
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СôһãȻ˵ôˣ
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ٸҴƶһŭ˵ϣȥϪ׷ߣ㵱ô׷ҵģѾȫͬʱô黰
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뵽ʱ
ƶ졣
֡
ҲҴ硭һַһ°ɡ



һʮһ һӵĿ
ȫµһ쿪ʼ
յַصԼĹλʵڷ̫飬ҪǺƶȷ˹ϵӴ֮󡭡Դ󷽷ĸŮˣأ

ϰĸоðַϣƨմӱ棬˲һ˯ϮѾûָоˡ
ʱ
Źİһ˹ַϣһʱ䲻֪ô죬Ȼг˶Թޣɸұֳһ̫ǿˣ
ŵؽ
ַѧУߣкߡ
ѧУŮ桭ĸﻤֱиɻ
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첻о˺ܶࡣַЦǺǵ˵ΪҲû취ʵ̫ˣһ˳Բ⣬պײ̵ǹϡ

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һٰʮ 
Դֱַ˵λǿʮıẽϵУͱƶʱֱִȥԼϰ֣ʱҽԺˣھˡ

㲻͸𣿡ַһǳ˵ôûȥˡ

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ΪԼóѵģ˵

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ƶƺҵ˸ѵλãȻе룬ͬʱܸܵػİȫУȻˡ


ҷһ⡭ַһʵ

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Ȼ֪ԼͦҰģҲ̫̫Ұ˰ɣһξͲѽȻڶΡ
ʱ
ַԴת˻ŻߺĴ˼áյĶߣ˵ƶҲ󣬶ҡҽһ¡
ƶһ£ž͸оԼ֣ͻȻ֮ɿˣȻ󡭡Լ糺̵գġ
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ƶû˼˸ô
Ĵӣƶæ۾µÿ񾭣ʱơʼϽ
ɲǼ䣬
оˣ
ڵһ˲ϢĽΡʱ俪ʼӳˡ
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ַԭŴյ֣ɿˡֱƶĲӣֱԴ
⧲ľٶƶȫøӽˡ
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ƶŲˣʶ£һѱԼĴӡ
ַҲûϵᷢûκεķһʱ䡭ȥƽ⣬忪ʼбֱײ˼ɽϣǡԶԶûн
ڼɽ治ƽģַײɽ󣬲ұߵ˹ȥ
һ̣
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ַˤ˳ȥ˳ѹһƬװƷӡ
ͻ״
ȪﱧһܷϪŻˣ㵵ؿڵϵַȫհһƬ
ЩΡ
˸֪ô졣
ַȻعƵشӵһֵܷϪ΢Ц˵˵·ģŲŰ
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ôϪɴ˫ַۣŭ˼£ʵ

ҡȪַɬ˵Ҫҡֻܶˡ
ǡ
ҡҺܷղŵĶԻ㡭ȫˣϪ㵵ʵ

ɡ
ĶˣҲˡַԴС˵
ʱ
ϪѾ׾ˡܿͻָسַ˵ַӦǧҪܣܸƶ
䣬
ƶӼɽ̽Դε˵ϪҲڡ



һپʮ ƶĵһʵ
ƶԴԴϪȵʧķ衣
Լǧټƿˣû뵽Ȫ棬˸ˣȻȪ϶ûʲô飬Ȼ˼˾¡
Լأ
ѾܷΪ£ǡڴ֮ǰĵý˵óѵġ
仰겻Сʱ
ˡ
ԼĺýƶҪ죬ƶʶַ֮ŤŤõʱ䡣
㡭
ǡϪðŭ˵Ͻҳȥ
ƾʲô
ȵġƶ̽ԴȪϪ˵ǰռǵȪҪǸϳȥϪǲеԵˣ
ҡ
ҡ
ϪԴҪðˣƶ˵ĻͦȷģԼܷռ˱˵ĳӡ
ˡ
սؼߣϪߺ죬ͬʱԴһ˿ŭ˵ˡҲˡ
ܷʱ򲻸˵ϪߺĬĬվӣ뿪֮ǰǶַƶ˵ֵַܣڡҺϪ˰
ַæ˵Ҫݻոȷϵ϶кܶĻҪҺƶΪһ
ͷ
Ϫץסܷ֣ʹſקһקһ˵̫ˣ

Ϫͬѧַ˵Ժ۸ܸ硭֪Һƶں棬ղЩЩΪôķŭܸһˣ㡭ˡ
䣬
ַϵƶ˵˵أ
ƶһ£ܿͷӦˣæͷ˵Ϫ˵Ϫúö˼ңôǿơ

쵰
ϪñըɶԴ޿κΣڸոոܷĽ̸УȷԼֵùǿˡ
գ
ˣֻʣַƶ
ʱ
һ΢紵˸ɪɪ
Բۡ
䰡ַһ£ߵĴ˵ȥݻȪɡ
š
ƶҲùǺַһȪ
˲䣬
˵õЩů

ůͰַڳһ˵ղŻ䡭Ϫܷ֮ͻȻ䰡
ͬʱ
ƶ죬ڳ˼ոһУһոʲô˼ΪʲôһԼ촽ҡһԼҪʲô
ʲôأַһ˼ƶʵ

ûʲôƶع񣬵Ȼ˵
ַҲûȥһȪо
ʱ
ƶ͵͵һַ졭ɻߣô
ڣ
ƶַʵ㡭ոΪʲô
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ǡΪʲôͻȻһ£ƶ첻ԴСʵ
ޡ
˵ǸѽַЦ˵Ϊ׿ֻǵһ£ֻǳ׶ΣչʾӸ߽׵ļɡ
ַĻ
ƶüͷдЩŭʵܶ

濴ġַ͵
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˭дģ
Ȼȥ˾Ͳ飬ûв鵽Ļ㹷ͷ򱬡ƶ۾׺ݡ˵
ƶŭģַЩԣ鲻Խ˵ʱôÿ
ʱ
ƶһ룬Ȼͦģϻһ׺ݡӡ
׳ա
һ䣬ؿַ˳ȻؾɽִӵĻС
ŴַյĶߣ˵ǰɲġҼǵõһ֣üһҪըһڶһˡ
ҡ
㣡ƶ⣬Ҳ֪ôشһܴʻ㣬ַĻ
ǡҡַε˵
ʱ
ƶԴַϣʵ˵׿кܶ𣿡
ţ
г桢м桢߼;档ַ˵Ǹղֻǳ汾
ǡ
һ£ƶʵǡм汾أ

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åƶ̧ͷݺݵصһַû˵ŲҪʵأ
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Թ𣿡ַʵ
ƶһ£һãȻ˵ԹһΡǡ׿йϵ𣿡
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ȡ
ҪƿһСڣסǧʱպȡַ˵ȻܷȫŨ֭ʱҪκεԥȥס
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ƶԼ촽ַͨḶ́ʼ׿Ļ棬ʱ̵̹ġ
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⡭
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ƶС¹ײһ㣬ԼĻ棬ЩѣС
ֲá
ֲϪ˵ԼҪϢˣԭԭֱԽ˳׶Σм׶ˮƽ
ʱ
ƶе㲻ģΪһǿʤŮˣôܹԼڱˣԼϪ磬֮ĸֵĽȣԶԶԼĺùۡ
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ҲУ
͵ƶ׼һʱ˻
ԼĻ᲻ֵùڼˣ
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ɴǴբзոնѵʱڵзû⡭ô죿
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ƶĵؿַڷʱڴʱֺãȻһʱ䡭ƶˣΪ쵰ڻźԼչм׶ΣֻΪԼľǿЩֲ

󱿵
ôＱʲôأ
Ѿˡʣµʲôм߼Ҳֻʱ⣬˵Ͳ˼һ𣿸ոȲҪмҲ˼ҡܵܲˡ

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Լϲı
ι
ƶʵ

ôˣַһʵ
ҡ
ƶſڣȴֻ˵һҡ֣ʱַãӣ˶񡭡æ˵ҡԹ
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˲ַĻУþҪըƵġ
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ƶǼȺߵӣ˲뵽ʲô˼
漴
ס˴°ͣؽ̧ԼǰȽߵģַȻĶ
ƶ

һ䣬
ʼһʵΡ



һپʮ Ը
ʵ
νм׶Σ޷ǾӼ⼸ƶԣֱ
촽ĤƤƶصһº˲˹ĸоֻ顭飬̲סһ¡

Щڼɽڶθ󱿵׿ʱһ
ļȿֻŵصֵַϮ
Ȼ
û뵽ַϵ˻
͵ƶȫעֵ֮ʣͻȻԼ˸šһ£ȻǺأһʹֱܴԡ

ʲ
ƶʶسַʵһַ̣롣
ء
ҪˣŵæҪִӸƿǻ̱ôַĶ֣ôƶûʲôãһ̡׷ˣȻ䲻ʡûа취ֻֿܷѡȥӦ
˵
ַǿĸ֮£ƶӦڵ״
ʧȥеʶɴӸ֧䡣
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ַ˿е㷳գǻڣеSoloŴ̼ء־˻ʲôᡭˣûʲôȤ
Խܣ
Ͼ˶ħк޷رյġδֻҪúŬ뾡취ȥĿŻеŮˣһԳΪԼƾеĶ֣ͬʱҲһöѡ
һӺ
ƶо˺еѣʱᵽϪ˵ϢԭĻϢ
ˡ
ȥ޷ˡ
Ƭ̣
ƶԼСȭͷʼϴַš
ַһ£æɿڣ̧ͷ۴ʵôˣ


ƶڴŴݺݵذһ׳գŭ˵ҲϢˣ

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ƶһǿҵܸ߳æԴ˴ӵĻУͬʱ֣ݺݵšһ⡣
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ͻȻߵĴַ޷Ӿ
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׳գ
ȥˡƶݺݵصһۣĬĬ뿪Ȫ䡣

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Ϫ𴲣һ뵽飬оʮûӣǴŹۣ͵͵ܷϵģ˸š

ˣϪһߵˣû˵
Ŷ
ܷ建˫ۣŵϪ¶Щ΢Ц˵Ӧûΰɣ

ҪԼһƣϪȻ˵
ٺ١ܷ庩ЦЦ
źܷ壬ϪҲ֪˵ʲôȻô˵ʲô黰һرȫĸоָоһ黰޷ġ
֮
˽һЩĻ˳緹ʱ򣬱ǣСһͬ˷䡣
ҪҪֵַܺڣܷʵ

У
飬ûءϪͷϣݺݵ˵
ðɡ

˲ʽһص㣬Ǳһζ򿪿ǻ
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Ϫ·˵ķʱͣ˽Ųǰ÷ţƶȥ緹ˣȻͳˡ
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ƶ

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ţ
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ԼԼ䣬߶
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Ϫǰ˺󣬲һͿԼĺýƶһӣһ㲵ӡ
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ôˣϪһĵʵ
䣬
̽ͷ˿棬ַڱϣһţҺɪɪ
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Һַˡƶһߵ˵Ȫʱڼɽ͵ܷ彲Һַˡ
ƶĽͣ
ϪֺֺЦ
ãϪһۣĬĬ˵ⶼǱӦ
˵꣬
εؽŵȥϰ壬ַټһ¡
š

һͨں
ʱϪǰˣԹűǰͬʱһȲ裬Ҫжҡ

Ҫˡַ̾˵ܰ

ߣ
Ժ󻹸ǰˣϪһַû˵Ҹǽⶼҵģʲô鶼ûУƫƫô۶ӡ
ַŲ豭Сغһڣ˼ĬĬ˵˵Щ𣿻С˲Ա̬Ⱥõ㣬Ҿٱ㣡
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ⱩƢ
ôӣȻôק
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ǲûаҵᰡϪըˣߣ׼Ҫɡ

ܸ磡
סǣַûдǣϵܷ˵ʲôˡ
˺ˡ
ֵַ˾˵ַܷ꣬תͷֶϪ˵ϪҲһԼƢֵַܺڿǲء
Ϫһַ˵Ҫңˣ
ʱ
ƶ豭һڣܷϪ˵Ҫһصʵҡк֪ԸԸ룿Բڲܰ뵽ְơ


Ϫܷһ£⡭ⲻĵ

ȥˣ
ڡƾʵȷûʲô⣬ǡġܷ˵

һȫġƶȻ˵
ϪĬãضƶ˵Ҹɣԭĵλɵúܲġ
ܷͷ˵ãҲ룡
ʱ
ƶƳַӣһȵӣȻʵأ



һپʮ רƶı
ַעνʵ棬۾űеˮʼ˼ûʲôİ취һҴзƯأ硭ҺƯڿУôͷ½Ư

㻰أƶŷַȻʵ
ַعһãȻؿŮѣʵ齫ȱһ

ҸղŽݣǲһֶûƶһۣĬĬ˵˵ҴһصʵңкϪܷ嶼ˣ
ַĬãС˵ҡҹæġ
æ
æʲôæ
ܷϪַ֪ʵΪŮѣƶַ˽һͼˮ㣬˯Ϸ
æ
æְɣ
ҾáֵַܹҸͦõģϾôæܷ˵

Ҳǲԡƶüͷַ뵽ԼʵҲоһǰ˶ʿƾԼ˵ԼǸƾô죿
Ȼһ˽ʵңҪкصԱԼܶҪϱȥһԹģֻǡԼеȥôΪ̬Ȩʿһˡᱻ˵ʲô
֮
ƶһδʵҿܽṹ·һ˽˰ٷĻӦʽ;ļ裬ṩͬʵҡ
Ȼ
ƶӵʵҵľȨ
ҵĿꡭ
ΪһɡƶȻ˵
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֮
ַΪ̫ʵΪƶУҲûνоԱǡ뾭ϣ޷ʵ֡
ƾŸɹʵҸˣɾ˭
ļ裿
ͨ˭ʶƶ˭
ṩҲǸƵġ
ӦûģϪЦ˵Һܷڣټƶ쵰ĸ˾ԿʵҳΪһʵҡ
䣬
Ϫʵʵֽʲô
ʱ
ַصǾá٤ţʵңô
٤ţʵң
֡
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һãȻؿ
٤ԡʵѧĵ֮һִѧ֮ţ١ٿȫʽȫţţƵһͿ˹ִ̹ѧ¼Ԫ
˹Τ綯ѧĴʼˣͳѧĵˣ˵ϲʲôʽ롭˹Τˡַпûѧʲô£ƶѧ͡ͼӸɣ籾ѧɴʼˡ
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ƾʲôַͽ٤ţ󲣣
У
Ҫ٤ţ󰮣
ʱ
ַƶʼ˵ڶεĳܣǰĵά飬˹̹Ͳ۲ֻ࣬ǰ˹̹Ͳ۵Ƕѧڹ͡

ַƶ۵ʵҵ֡


ܷϪ˶±ˣ⡭ⶼܳ
񡭡
񻹺ܼҵӡ
ȿȣ
˺ˡˣͽ-ʵҡϪε˵

ƶַˣ˻ͷϡ
ۣƶû˵
Сѧַط
Ϫһ۹űӵƶֿ˿ͬűӵַ̾˿˾ôߵһģ

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۰
Ժȥˡַʼϵذ
ˡ
ϰֱ˯ˣ绹пءƶһۣȻ˵ԺҪԼˣȥ԰תľĦ֡ͦõġ
š
Ժ˵ɡַ˵
䣬
ƶһַ˵û̸֮ǰ㲻Ǻҳˡ㶼ɻңˡôôˣ
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׳ա
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𣿡ַʵ
š
Ͼ˽ٷġƶ˵ȨȨ
ַͷȻʵʶ٣ΣһûУͷѳѱûʲôڷѣͲ͹￨
ձ׼ƶ͵Ҳò

Ů̫˰ɣַùǺʵⲻǰͶ𣿡
ι
ΪҲ֪ʵңĻȻһʼϷ°ˡ׼ʱ򿨻ؼҡƶһۣû˵
ַеΣȷôɡ

ַɳϣ˵аɡ˵ɡ

ҺܲΡƶ˵𣿡
ϻ
Ϊһʵңͷ̯һأܸ㣿ַ˵һ׺ܸӵ̣ҪУֻҪһڿסͷˡ
ƶС죬ʵȷ˵ҪһʵңҪ̣ܳܳһкǣ浽⣬˻Լԡ
Ұ쵽ô죿ƶһǿ˵
쵽ˣ
ַ˼һ£˵쵽ˣҾʵΪһƪģƪʵܿϡNature
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ϻַȻ˵治桭ȰʵҸֻҪҾ͸
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õʱҿűˮ뵽һ⣬ûа취ʵַƯأַ˵Ϊϵͳǿġ
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ƶ˳˼Уϵͳѵϵͳеʱƽ
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ɹĻ
ܽҺ߽Ϊַ˵

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ǣ
ֻǴ󱿵
רƶı



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㲻׼µϸҿ𣿡ַС˵Ҫ˰ɡʮȥһĦгԲſ797
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ϰĦг

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ˣ
û𣿡ЦǺǵʵ

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ŮС־ʲô浽ˡ
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ַյƶ˿ڣƵĶߣ˵ղźܰ



ڶ ϴһӵĶע
ܰ𣿡
ǡͺ״׶ֲƶС죬д˶ԸղʱһЩͼʧĲ漴˵Գϵʱ򣬶ɺˡ
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ôһ˵еͻȻʶʵŮȱӣƾʵǱסģҪ򷿡
ȵȣ
ԣ
üͷ˵Сֲûз𣿡

÷һۣȻ˵ҾðɡСƻؼҺͷûʲôϵǵҪؼˣ˶ѡһ㣬ˣĦгҲˣӳҲҪ͵ģͱ𿴵ôˡ
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Ҳܹ뷨ǲ֪Ů෴üͷ˵̫ůˡֱ̫ˣ

Сްů𣿡÷Ȼ˵ͦ𣿡

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ƶķĴ⣬ԼİֻèϷˡ

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ƶַĬӣ֪󱿵Ҳ޷Щ⣬ﲢûйֻܹԼˡ
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ڶʮ 󱿵ð
ƶϣˣϾѾԽԼַķ룬˶ǸġڴѧӦоĲǺֻҪܹˡ

ʱ󱿵һ䡭ҪӮ
ƶؿַ˸ڴԼŵı飬˿̵Щ֪롣
֮ƵľͯᣬҲ𾪵ؿԼĽ
ʱ
ƶ֪ôڣֻõͷַʽԼ뷨
ӮСַ΢Ц˵

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ƶû˵ַһãʵ

㽵͵Ѷѽ򣡡ͯ͵
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ҺôҲѧԣСѧԵһҪǱǰǰͬѧ֪Цѧġַߵ˵
ͯһʱ޷֨֨ص˵ϡҲ˼
ʲô˼ַͻȻ̬˵ֻҪҴһĿҺˡ
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ַĻƶŷӦæһᣬȻһߣʱͯҲعضԼΪǡĽ򣬿ξġ
ַɳϣסһ֧ʣ˲䡭·ص˹ȥصһ׷ʱ⡣

ַԸ߿ݣĳѧϵȻݣѹһȺѧѡγţҲǴԺ󡭡ַĳ֮·ʽˡ

ָо
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˷ָһĻˡ
ͯῴԼıƶſڱַϣֱ§ס˱ĲӣҲ§ű˵Դһ𣬲Ťš
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ͯῴһԼı㣬ҸӣͷǳٿԼĽҲһ֮ѡ

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ƶԭȾڻɣַΪʲôܹôͷĿ˼һֿʼˣû˾ڽ⣬ڴĦ˵Ĵ㣬ΪκĿһɡ
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ƶֻû˵ΪĵӾ磿

ΪͽʶΪһοСͯε˵ȻһסҲ㶼ʮˣٲ׵ĻƾҪˡ
Ҫҵ䣬ȥɳ˯ƶŭ˵ûУ
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򾿾ʲôʵͯʵΪʲôôţĸԸͼϰ࣬ʲô

Ҳ֪ƶε˵ÿЩ飬͸ҰɫȻҲʧȥȤ͵ûɣҵĲ²⣬ȥӦĳһܴĿĿԱ
űƣ;˳ĿǲģҪݣԡͱӡƶ͵ȻˡⶼҵĲ²⡣

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Ҷ˯һʱ䡭е˯šͯ漴˵㻹ûлشأȥﰡ
һʱ䣬
ƶ֪ôش
ǲȥҽ򰡣ͯ¶һ˿Ц¶įˣ
ƶһۣû˵¶į㣬ȥ˵ĻˣһŰɣ
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⡭⻹ҵĽ𣿡ͯᶼԱˣʲôʱΪһ˷Ҳԡȥѹûˡ

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Ȼһǵˣ˵ķ񡭡ͯڴϣεظпһ
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״ƺͬûʲô
ſڣƶҧһԼ촽˵Ӧ͵͵ԼңȴǡԼңôоԼİͱ˵Ĳ̫һ
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ϵѽ
ⱩƢͯһЦ˵ֱһֻ󡣡



ڶʮ 㰲
ƶֱץˣȻϡȷԼòԣԼãִӵĻΪõӦҲҪĲס
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ҸҴģͯıͻȻЩࣺԴֻװηɣҵĻ~
һ䣬
ƶֱӳһѾסͯĶ䣬ݺݵص˵˵˵һԣ
ѽ
ۡҴˣ㣡ͯ˲䱻Ʒˣһʹ˵ҪˡġĴԺҲˣ֣ٲֵĻҪιȥˡ
ߣ
ƶɿ֣û˵һͿʼҡ
˭Լȥ֣ܿһ˶ڷͯС죬˵㡭һؼңҲҪסˡ
ͿԻȥˣ
ʲôأž۲𣿡ƶ˵
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ƶʶԼ˵ˡ
ɲǼ䣬
ͯеʧ䣬һԲӡ
ƶ̾˿ĬĬԼߣ˵˵ôԼȥɣءԼģδôĸĸ
šͯͷĬĬ˵㡭ұҵˣһݹɡ
ô
ͨˣƶȻʵ

һֱӱȥҲǸ취ͯ˵ˣֻǲ֪ʲôȥоȥ顭Ҳã
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š
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ˡ
ȥʲôȥͯŲ˰ӣ˵˵㡭̫ˣ׾Ȼൽ˽ˣôóԣѧʶôĸߣֱеļƷ

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ƶ߽䣬ʼϴһ
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ͯʼ磬εضַ˵򡭡ҽ̸ίˣǴͺըҩһ
ַͯоõģСԸͦϲȻˡҪܰѴһ㡭ܶ˶
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סȥ˶ûˡַͯЦ򡭡Ժڴҽһ𣬵ѧУѧ棬ʱҿԴһ£Լѧҵݡ

šл͹ַЦЦ

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Ϊʲôͯʵ

ôôΪʲôƶһۣû˵˵Ͷˡ
ͯ˼һ£˲Ϊʲô㲻˵Ц˵ǲΪô㣬±Ůѽ뷨ȷģ㶼ˡԲԣ
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Ŷͯʼ磬ʵ˵㣿ͽ򡭡ǲǽ
ȻƶܲϣʵͰǰ˵š
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ƶִӣһϲ̵ģʵ𣿡
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ַǸûڣ޲úݺݵسԼơ
ַ˱Ƚִţ˿Ҳ˲ñ᲻ˣȥһѱס˴ȣź˵ٳһ°ɣ
ַǰӣƶЦá

Ҿ벻ˡʲôİƶüͷһŭ˵㲻Ҳ𣿡

һ𣿡ַſڴϣ̧ͷ˵ûģѽ

LSPƶݺݵصһַ㲻ȥʱͻȻоԼСȣƺʲôƶ
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ƶӦˣһɺϼ
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˵ĽߣԼȴûϧʧȥʱ֪ĪʹĪڴˡܹԼһεĻᣬ϶ԥȥ

Ҫһޡϣһ꣡
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ʱϵûȷڹϵȷ˰ɡ

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͵͵һַСʵƯ𣿡

ֱǡƷ
Ʒַ˵
ߣ
ǵȻˣƶ˵
ʱ
ƶӵһͨ绰Լ衣

𷢳ƶ˵ҡ裡
š
ַͷƶһæͨ硣
ι
衭ôˣƶʵ
ɽˣ÷أ˵һҪסС֣
ʱ
ƶסˣʵ⡭ôͻȻͻˣ
Ӧá
ӦǼģ˳̵ͯ顣÷˵ơסһʱɡ
䣬
÷˵ʱ䣬ĸŮ΢һ㣬쵰յһ𣬷򡭡춼Ҫˣ
ƶæ˵ţ֪
ûȰѻ˵꣬
ͻȻ
һʹϯֱӴܵƶĴƤ㡣

һ㣡ƶŭ˵ͻȻôʹģ
һ䣬
ƶֱסˡ
ͬʱ
绰ͷ÷ҲɵˣĸŮһεС
衭
ٸ㽲÷æҶ˵绰
ʱ
ƶҪˡ
ˣ
ֱץУ
ι
ǲǹģƶֻһˤʵ㡭֪ڴ绰ô

ϡַε˵֮ǰ˵ܻʹʱһ£˭뵽㾹Ȼûס
ҡ
ҡƶùǺѾַ֪ǹʹû֤ݣ˼Ҳ˵ˡĦʱʹԼһ£Լûסܹ˭أ

һ˵һ
Żģֲϰֺһֱϲֵطܡ
ԭҵˡ֡

ʲôַʵ

ûʲôƶȻ˵úðˣǹʡ
˵꣬
ƶˣԼôͻȻðôһ仰
ã
ƶСַ߳ļ£ָĲˣʱ׼ȥϰȻúϴ裬ʱַͻȻˡ

Сȸոջָһϴ衣ַ˵ɡһ£һϴ
ַĻ
ƶжĶҪˣس˵һ֡

֪ã
ƶϴˣžƵ˯º˯㣬ַҲ߽䣬ʼϴһ

һ𣬸ֻ
֪
ʮ㣬
ƶֻϵ磬ֱ˱
ˡ
˯ƶߴٵ
Ŷ
ַҲ֪ϰԣҪУҲԾҲϵ磬棬һѽ§˻С
ˣַʵ
šƶ۾Ȼ˵˵úñš
ԭ
ʵڱڵĹǺرַĴһСʱĽţûаˣܿ졭ͱŴ˯ˡ

գ
峿˽
ʱ
ֻˡ
ιƶ۾Ժʵ˭
㣡
˯أ
ҽѧУˡʮķɻͯ˵ϾҪȥˣܲ㣿ԴһؼҺҾûˣ⼸쾿ڸʲôѽ
ҡ
͵ƶ׼͵ʱͻȻоԼȵĽϲһָֻˡ
ɲǼ䣬
ƶȫסˣ̧ͷֵضַȫĻҡ
һ룬
оԼ˼¡
⼸£
ԭŵĴɻһ
ѽ

֡ܲʵһ㰡
һ̣
绰ͷͯᶼҪˡ



ڶʮ Ůһȳһյ
ͯоԼܵ˺ܴίųǰһͱ򣬽˼ڶ൱֣ѹ֡ʱ䣬Ҳ㣬ԭԭ

̫ˣ
ҪѧУ
㣡
ڰɣ
ҡҶҪ뿪ˣ㡭ǻô۸ˣͯŭ˵̫ˡ˵أʱǶŲˣԭǵ˽Ļ
ƶһʱ䲻֪ôͣʵͰǰڵԼڴ󱿵ĻҸոջġ
Ǹ
ղֻһ⡣ƶε˵ûڵȷĻղֻһ⡭
˵һ룬
ƶоԼȵĽϲֱһָֻˡ
ι
㡭û갡
¾ˣһֱƶŭضַ˵
ɲǼ䣬
ͯоԼȫˣ⡭δҲ̫˰ɣ
ȿȡ
ղšղҲһ⡣ƶʵе㲻˼ˣ΢΢һϼĬĬ˵ᡭ˳Ը緹ɣôأ
šͯ˵ȥ߼ͣ
С͡ƶ˵ɡ
Ŷ
Ҷϵ绰
ƶֻһһ۱ԼĴӣȥֱһסʼ˽ڲбŭ쵰ûҺڴ绰㡭㻹۸ҡ
ϡ
ַۡһ󣬱ߵ˵СҲء
ޣ
ܲһ㣿˼˾ȥѧϰģȻѧὨ衣ƶùǺŭҲǡҺڴ绰һ͸ҵҡ
ַεЦЦ§ס˴˵˵ǲǸҼ㸸ĸˣ

һӰɡƶĬĬ˵
ʵ
ƶѾڼƻַԼĸֻǡƻ仯û뵽ͯĸףʱͻȻ֣ĵƱػµľ棬һ޵еģʽ
ַϰּɡԺ󻹻ˣ
šַͷ漴һеʵˡСȻ𣿡
ˡ
ҷļ̫ˣƶԴַϣ֨֨ص˵졭찴Һڲ֪Ϊʲôϲȥֵط
ַεЦЦæǱ쵼ȥġ
ߣ
Ҫܰᵽ쵼ϡƶû˵ڵġ
Ǻǣ
ַôûڵ£ַһ˵
ԼǾǿӣƶڴδӱӡ

Ժ׼Ҵ绰ʱ򣬶Ҷֶŵġƶַ˵ûУ

ٺ١
ַջԼ֣סƶ°ͣ˵ңԺȣ϶˫̥


һ㡭ҶѾ챻ĥùǺˣһСӡһˣƶһۣû˵һᣬúñҡֶŵġ
š

ʮһ룬
ĳһҲ
ͯῴǰˣʱ;Լò׻ع˸һ۸ֽ֭Ĺʹ
㣿
ǲǺְܿͯʵ

СӲʵıʡƶˮݺݵذһۣ˵
У
ʲôͯῴڱߵַЦʵҽĺܰɣǲеˣ
еΣ˼˵㡭
㣿
ҽ治ͯʵ
ɲǼ䣬
ƶֱšסԼõĶ䣬ŭغǳûûСģûУ
ۡ
֪ͯһʹغ
Ƭ̣
ƶɿԼ֣ͯʵֻ˰ɣ
š
ͯԼĶ䣬ε˵ǹ顣

úѧϰĸȥ͡ƶ̾˿ĬĬ˵ʱ򡭡ҪԼĸѡҲǳˡ֪˵ʲô˼
סͯЦҲ֪һֵֻʲôزѾüˡ
ʱ
ַõĶԻ̲ס˵ʵЩ˶תתǻమġ


һ£ƶӦû˵Ϲ˵
ַЦЦֻ
Ȼ
ͯȴˣæԼĽ򣺡򡭡˵Ұʵమģ
ܰɡַˢ΢˵˵öԣδôԼĸѡ񡣡
Ŷ
ͯ̾˿ε˵ʵ뿪ˣˡԺ˵ɡ
֮
˳ͣ
ƶ˲Լǣַ˵ԼȥؼҺԼҲҪһ˼ҡ
šַͷ
룬
ƶͯͻؼҺȻصԼļ
ʱ
վڼſڣٳûпţ֪ô衣

ɰҺˣƶ̾˿ջǹȥԼ衣
һţ
˵ӵ
衭
һˡƶ
Ӵ
Ůˣ
ڿӣ㵽ɡ÷
Ƭ̣
ƶ˿ֱ
ߡ
ʱ
÷˾ԼŮϴһ˿΢ЦʵھƵɣ

šƶԴһ˿ɬصͷ漴˵衭顭ʹƹɣڷĸŮǰһҪ飬ɻˣôֹϰַֺأ
ŮĻ
÷˵ûа취ֻܶţ
š
ˣ
衭ַϰ֣֮ĶԻеֵֹġƶüͷ˵Ǻаţ
÷һ£˼˵񡭡е⡣
裡
Ҫһ֮İˣ򡭡Ͳƶ˵ҵĲ²⣬Ǵ绰ʡ·ǲеƣΪơӦҺ㡣
еơ
˵Һ㶼ߡƶ˵С⣬˵ȫ˵ΣգӦáӦΣպܴ󡣡
÷ͷ˵顭ʱĴȾ䣬˾ʲôϷˣȻǸ׽ù鰸
ţƶӦһȻ˵ȥˮҪҪҲһ
ҵһˮ÷˵
䣬
ƶ輸ϵıӣǰ˳
ʱ
÷ͻȻŮ·ķʽ֡
ô
оеһȳһյģ



ڶʮ ҺŮϵ
÷֪ϣԼŮڸʲô͹ԼŮŮ֮䣬˶׷
ܿ죬
ŮˮˣһˮݸԼ衣

Сƣ
·ôһȳһյģ÷ˮ΢΢һں󣬵Ȼʵ

ҡҡƶһʱ䲻֪ôͣԭΪԼڵĺˣԼıöûпԼĻ۽£ټ۾Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
÷̾˿ĬĬ˵ˡ嵱һ㡣
衭
·һȳһΪΪԭ򣬲ƶε˵ҡϽ˾ҵ˶ԼСȳˣ绰ʱַڰСȽаĦ

˺ˣ
趮㡣÷ЦЦ˵ʵҲûʲô
ҡ
ˣ
˵ˣ
ƶ׷˽ͣѾϱǩٽͶ޼£ȷϡе㲻ѰʵϵȷͦѰģԼȻȻӿ
һûãԴˣְԼСȸŪ
̫ˡ
ˡ
Ϻͯһ˳Է÷˵ϾҪߣ֮ǰһԸ
šƶͷضˮ
ʱ
ƶַ˵Ļæʵ衭áɺ̻ͯమ𣿡
֪
˸㲻÷ڵ캰Ҫ飬һ֡飬ͯ飬ȥˣӡ
ƶ̾˿ĬĬ˵ҾáʵǰŶԷģֻǡʵ

룬
ԼźŮǰеĳƵꡣ
ܿĵӣ
ô
ô𣿡÷ԼϹһϲõӣüͷʵ
ε˵ȿȡûˣȷе㿪ġ
ߣ
˾÷һŭ˵˼ұͦгģ㡭źȥȾƣȾƾͺȾơʲôҪϴԣ㲻֪һ𣿡
ҡ
ⶼΪá̾˿ĬĬ˵㿴ã˼Һ۸ʲôˡ
㡭
㻹Ӳ÷òˣŭغǳƽʱҲô۸㣬ǲҲڼƻŷ
μæҡҡͷ˵۸ҲӦõ𣿡
ߣ
Ҹ㽲ʱ䣬ʵһ㣡÷ݺݵ˵ѾŮˣʱСϼӿ˴յһ𣬸ʲô۶ӵ顣
Ŵ˵Ļ
һ㰧ˣֻҪЭ취ܱѶ࣡
ã
˾Ƶꡣ
˵ĳһ䣬žͿͯһڣε
㣡
󲮡裡ͯƶһڣһεտԽˡ
磡
㣡
ͯĸ׼æվӣһʺ

Լˡ÷ЦŰ˰֣ʵԼ÷򣬸оģǰú÷һֱܺãƫƫߵ쵰űȥºˡìֱӼ
֮
һ
Сƣ
ææ̵ͯϹźЦǺǵʵ
С
ͦæġƶ˵
ޡ
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ʱ
̲ͯסڵ˼СǿѧңæöǴ飬ĳЩֺеġ
ôֺˣ
ֺУöˣźû˵ûʸ˵ֺС
ôûʸˣ
ͯ˲ըˣŭ˵ƹ˾Ҳ˼԰ڣ
ǿ
Һôһ׬ٶ򡣡ź˵
ĻһҲϰ룡̵ͯԼϹб±˭Ǯࣿ
һʱ䣬
ڳĸ˺Σ⡭һͳˡ
ȿȣ
˺ˡ÷һȻ˵磬ôȤ

ߣ
Ȼ㿪ˣҾͷ׳һͯ˵
㣡
Ҹӣȡֵˡź˵
Ƭ̣
ֻص˰С
ʱ
վӣЦǺǵ˵ȥ̡
ߵſڣ
źæκ磬һ¡

ˡ

㣡
㿴쵰Ǻ𣿡ͯŭ˵һͺ֡
÷һԼãȻ˵Ҳûõȥһ˼Ҹûд㣬Լˣ˵ʲôװȻŭ
ҡ
ˡ̶ͯʱйˣԼŮ˵ᣬİɡģ
÷üͷһ壬Щ˵֮飬Ҫǣᣬᰮ˭͸˭
ʱ
ͯ˵Ҹҽ㣡
䣬
ߵƶ˵㣬ҵ֮ǸҽܹҾع顣
š
㰲׵ġƶ˵
ͯ̾˿ĬĬضˮһˮ
ͬʱ
ڲſڣ
κź̡
硣
㿴ǡ׼̡źε˵ΪҺǰһ
ϡ
ȥЦЦ÷ļ򣬵Ȼ˵ôӦûɣ
źͷ˵İϡ
ҲûаʲôҪСгϢһɴµˡЦ˵˵ʲôʱȥ
ʱȥ
׼ѹ˾ᵽź˵
źĻ
£漴Ц˵ð

ע⵽źƺһصӡ
£ʵ
š
ǸŮˡź˵ջ𡣡
ʱ
뵽ԼŮ˵һ仰
һ㡣εȻ˵졭㰲żĿʱǸúþ۾ۡ
䣬
ʶԼ˵ˣæĿڵϡһˡ
źؿΣãʵ˭
Ů˵
ʲô
Сˣź죺ʲôʱ飿
µ°ɣʱ˺úһء˵Ŀ϶ʣ
źüͷС˵硭ҿˣǽСʵ̫ǿˣץ󡭡ؼұ
ɲǼ䣬
ξŭˡ
⻰ҾͲˡ
ҺŮڼﶼǵϵģû˵ȥͳȥŮʲô
ǡ
硭Ҳ˼
źû˵ֱ꣬ӱ帽θֱӴϡ
ˣ
˵ˣ
͸Ů绰׼óֱֻӸַ˹ȥ
Ƭ̣
ͨˡ
С֣
Ŀźˡ
ʲô
Ѵ˵ѴͽѴʵڲСѴˣ



ڶʮ ţϻ
ֻһ˵ѾŮźˣ˹һȥһ£

硭ҡźˣԼʲôãرװװͱֲ̫һװװԼжٵʵλٵĸߣ򡭡װԼͥλ
ʲôû

硭ʵź˵ʲôθˡ
ʵʵˡ
֮ҺŮ϶ԳͿˡôʵ
ź̾˿ĬĬ˵ҿ϶û⣬ҺǷַġ
ã
ǾôˣЦ˵ˡм˵һ£Ůڻ֪ŮѵĸףΪֻƶ壬ýŮܸģû˵ϵ
š
֪ˡź˵ֻһ㣿Ҫעһ𣿡
ˡ
һ㹻ˡЦЦͻȻ뵽һ飬Լ÷ļ˵˵һμŮǲǸõ㶫
źͷ漴ʵ磿Ůϲʲô

ʵҲûʲôˣеĶˣʲôɡ˵
š
ˣź˵ڸİ׬˲ǮСһʱݣ֪ô룿
üͷ˼һ¡˵ɡ
䣬
˵úСһ¡
á
һġź˵
֮
ͻص
õĲˣһ߳Ųˣһеûġ
᣿
Ӧÿҵ˰ɣ÷ʵ
š
иʱ䣬Ҿͱҵˡͯ˵˵ҵ󵱽ʦҾȥɣԺͽһΪһλѧڡ
÷ͷһĬŮ˵Сơչһá
š
ʵҲҪչˣרҵǹںϡȱģֻҪĻǿԵõܶܶԴƶȻ˵ĻͿԳΪڣҸʵĴ
÷ЦЦ˵벻ǼңȻѧҡ
ʱ
ͯ̽ӻ԰ѧңû뵽Ҳһ쵰
̵ͯĻ
÷ƶͬʱһ¡ֻһǿ
ã

˸֮αŮţ̤˻ؼҵĵ·
ͺڳ̵ʱǲʲô飿÷ȻʵҸ㽲ŶûУ
ϡ
ˡε˵ѵѵҺͺһ𣬾Ͳܸ£
ߣ
̺ȾƳ谴Ħǵ𣿡÷ޱ˵
䣬
÷ںţһԲƶʵСƣôͱȥˡ
š
ƶͷ˵
ã
һڻص˼
ʱ÷Ů˵СơȵԼ䣬лҪ̸
š
ƶ֪ҪʲôĬĬ¥ݡ
ʱ
ԴСʵţʲô鰡
ߣ
ϿΣܾûиϿˡ÷Ȼ˵
ͬʱ
ĳԢ304䡣
ַɳϣһ˾˼
⡭
ʲôַüͷε˵ʲô֪𣿶ץǼӱͷġ
ʱ
ַͻȻӵһͨ绰Ǵ

ǲǶ·ˣַԥҪҪӣջǹͨ硣
ι
Է𣿡ַЦǺǵʵ
š
ոջƶȻ˵ǲֵ
ַЦ˵԰㲻ڣҾͲˣֱӵˣ¡

ƶͻȻʵ᲻һֱǨңһֱϲңһֱ䣿
ƶĻ
ַһãæʵôˣʲô顣

ҼĸĸΪһС飬òɿƶĬĬ˵ǰ˿ɶˣȴԡ
˵
ƶͣһ£˵ʱ롭δǻ᲻ҲҵƢô᲻һˣ

Сɵϡôܣַ˵Ŀǰ˵ⱲһŮˡ
ʲô˼
ΪʲôԶƶԴһ˿ʵø˵ȻҸû꣡
δŮĻͳˡַЦ˵
ƶЦŭιҡҾˣ
ǵȻ
ҿŮūַ˵
ߣ
ˣ
ƶ˵ˣ
š
ַ˵
Ҳ˯̫ˡƶ˵˳Ҹ󱦺ͶҲ˵һ
֮
ƶҶ˵绰ĵ߳䣬ոߵ¥ݿڣԼڸϰϿΡ

ҡòְ

ҹһ룬
ڴϵ۾תԴһߵ÷ʵţţ
Ȼ
ӦֻһƬž
ʱĵԼֻŵſڣСش򿪷ţһ·ĵһ飬Ƿš
˿̣
Ͱϣַһͨ绰
Ӱ
СӡϽӰе㽹
ã
ڽͨˡ
ι
ϡ壬ҹʲôѽַ˳
£
Ͻȥϴһ㣡νŵ˵ǵʱ䲻Ǻܶࡣ
Ŷ
ַε𴲣ܵˮϴһʱ˲١
ˡ
ʲô鰡ַʵ
ǹȥ顣˵㾿ܲܳ
˵飬
ַ¿ˮε˵ֲǲ֪ʲôԴӱץκҼǹܵÿʵˡʵڳ

㡭̫ʧˣε˵һͷĸϻ㲻
壬ֲɣʹ򲻹ϻַ̾˿ĬĬ˵
汿
˵֪Ϊʲôܹϻ𣿡

Ϊļӹַ˵
βûһŭ˵ΪɺʮƣȻԶȥԡصھƣ
ʲô˼
ûַʵҲʮ룿

ϻʮơ˵ҸɣһЩò˻ŮѹͿԳ
ޣ
ַȻ˵Ҷˡǰܺʮ꣬Ȼˢӣ
Ǻǣ
ˣЦ˾ͺãסƯһ㣬ɾһ㣡
û⣡
ַЦ˵εжʲô
ϻ



ڶʮ 
磬
ַһ˹λƨɸոϣͿŹİƵ˹
С֣
ϱǴϻЦǺǵ˵
İɣ
ƱϻַЦе˵Ѿ׼˶գҼǿ϶סģءֶѩ̣壿һôû㵱ķɣ
Ц˵Се㶫ˡζһ˲뵽ĿˡҲʲôˣ̵ͯϹ

Ǹģַʵ
ԡ
İɣ벻εȻ˵˿꣬ҿšǮ̫ˣšǮһ࣬ϲڡ
ַͷε˵˵ǮҼǰҵľÿƵģȻÿ춼㻨ǮȻ㻨Ǯʻƽԭ͡ƱЩҹ
㿴
ԭ͵ˣõ㻨ǮҲˡַһʹ˵
ַĻ
Ҳ̾˿ĬĬ˵ʲô취ǵΣѵȥ˼𣿡
䣬
ˢˢ̾˿
ҽĦг˰ַʵ˵Ҽӹ𣿡
εͷȻ˵Ǿϰİ࣬ԻؼҡһҪڵصĻϵط
ã

磬
ĳһҲڡ
ƶһڽˣոյˣַҴҵظ˹
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㷢Ϣʱһ˯ֲַʧò˵˯̫ˡ
ߣ
ϰ͵ƶһۣû˵ԺΪоҵĿʱҪǸſµĻҿ϶ңҲϴ
ַЦЦæ˵Ĳġ
Ҳҡ
ˡ
㲻˵ʲôţƶʵ
ַ˵ˡʶһļգؼңѾüˣȥгһ˻һƣúףһ¡
ƶͦĵģ벻쵰ӣһ
͵׼˼֮ʣԱŲˣ˼Ḷ֮̌ԡֻҪˣǲһ죬ʵôҪ

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·
Сְ˴Ե˻ְ˴Եȥ
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¶ʮտ쵽˰ɣ˿е520աοһַֻ˵úôƶȥһ¡
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ڵľòԺ̾˿ԼȾƵģȵ󡭡ȻԼûкòʡˡ
ȻѾ죬Ժõ˻ܵ纮æ߽֮ǰַȥķ䣬һյֱӸ˵ϣûһڸ˵ϡ
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Ҳ¼ĲߣγΪܺõȥء
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Ϻ߽鷿󣬴ӵ£óһӣֻ롭ɲ򵥣ҲǷƷǷƷõһҵʦɵģг۴ʮһֻ롣
˵ӦǳɶԳɶԵĸϾˣɶԸҲǷߣϺûôֻ룬Ŀķǳ򵥡Ѻۡ
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⡭ʲôͷ𣿡һֻ룬عĦһ£Ҳʲôߣæʵ
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Ϊ߷¾ͲֵǮ𣿡Ϻû˵ܷ³ֻģɲһ򵥵СɵģҪԱҵеĸ֣ãǮʮ
Ȼʮжʮϸ飬ϺãáڶҵڶɵģҤҪü򡣡Ϻ˵ȥɱ٣ĶȻǾƷˡ


ãôöǼٵѽ
˳ʮһֻļ۸ûϺʵԼ룬ǿڲҤѾƵˡ
ʲô
ٵĶʮһֻ
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ַһЩ죬߸˵ۡ
͵ΪƷʮһֻеãʱϺѾַֻǰĳ˵Сֻ֡㣬İɡҿ϶ģСƺôҲҿųģ㻹ҽһ⣡

ʹʹáҪǱƶ֪ҵġַһ˵ڡϿ
ϺЦЦ˵İɡ鲻СƵģ˽͸㣬ûκεĹϵʹ󵨷ĵ°ɡ
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ɩѽ㵱ôûأ
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ԼС£Ϻһʮ򣬶ԼСһǧ򣬲һġ

ǺðɡҲʵŮ˵ˣʱƽֻ֡һʮôÿ˾ʮ򣬶ԼֻҪó壬Ϳ԰ռֻˡ
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ַҧҧԼ촽˵塭ڸոաһСǼˣ



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塭ġַ˵νгʮһֻϺʱ򣬵ȷʮһֻǣҵϣôʮ򣿡
ǻҪͨͶ۸Ӱ졭ۺҶֻļ۸Сǡַ˵ô˵֪ûװ
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ڶǼۣκ˵Сгලţ̷ˡ
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˰ٷ֮ʮַ˵ʮһֻˡ
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뵽ԼĹȥ񡭡һʱֱǰû飬˴յһһ½ӡ

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ַ˳ĬУԼˣܹȻڣȫҪлĸĲɱ֮

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˺Լ֣󱦺ͶòԵؽһű㲻ٴſɳϡ

ƶȻѾϰΪˣÿα󱦺ͶӣһĪĻȼգеĶԼģֻèϲַһ棬Լȫڲӡ

ƶС죬ĬĬ輸ϵƽԣȻ󱳿ɳˢ΢

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ι
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עⰲȫҪ黨ǲݣҲƶ죬˵ҡҵƨɺ롭뱻¡
һ䣬
ƶɵˡҡҸղôˣ



һʮ ȲʣŮ
ƶֱɵˣԼȻὲֻϸ롭Ϊִ֪ҪԼ飬һʱ伤͡ͰԴˣʵԼıⲢġ
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ַɽѣְ̨ƸˣŰѴ˻
ںڰУ
ַƶͻȻſ۾˿̵Ƿŭ
֣
ȲʣǱŮˣ



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ӸղַԼϰֵĶԻпԵ֪һõ˺ʦĳȻ󱿵Լĸףԭֻʮ򡭡ϰǮǸŮģֱһ
š
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ƶ͵͵̧ͷһ۱ԼĴӣѾ˯ˡĵʼո󱿵֪޷õβʱЪ˹޿κεֱ顣

Ҳ淴ӳһ⣬ʵ󱿵ԼǷǳǳӵģ˵ʲôԼĻǰԼڵһλƾղźͰֶԻʱֽԷֱ
뵽
ƶֿʼˡϰʵ̫ˣȻֹŮҸ

յ峿
ƶ˯ѣ۾ȴԼǿյģһֻʱ䣬ѾǾŵһˣһű𴲴¿㣬˳ȥ
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ƶʵ̫ϲַ湤ģһٴζ

ˣַƶվſڣһմģ¶һ˿Цݣ˵Ҹ緹Ͻȥϴһ¡

㡭Ȼ緹ˣƶؿʵʲô
ַʼ磬˵ûʲô緹ʲôŮѡҸ緹쾭飬ʲôأ

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֪𣿡ƶ˵һʼÿһλŵЯܶܶѹԷһŵѧĵһԴʮλ͸ĳÿλֻܴʮλͲ͡
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Ϊַǿ⣬ΪЩ˵ԼǲһԷġ
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ƶλͬѧһؿַоǲ˼ĹâԼŵı顣
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Ǹַǰɣ´һ˵֪Լĵ̬̬ӻǲС㶮ǲܳɹġ

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ʱ
æڵ˺ˡҶͬѧûбҪΪ鳳ܣҪϾϵ
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ҡʱ޷óͣҸͬǿһ׼ȷķܿе㲻ģִַϸ΢Աԡ
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ƶǣַ֣ĵѾҪˣΪڽ̫࣬޲˽ĻȻݺݵذַûˡ

ַû뷨Ӷ⡢ǴŹǡ˿Щ⡣
첻ˣ
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ҪȻؾƵɡҴԵ㶫ٻַһߵ˵ըըġҿˣұҪвͣ
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Լַ൱ǧž;Լַ΢һ㣬ڡоѾ׷ˡ

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ҺôһTɣƶͻȻԼ棬ƺһ·
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Ҳסѽ



ʮ дƷ
ǰһĻַȫˣ˿̵ĴſڴϣȻһֻͷԴתһߣ۾Լķƣ·ڸԼøѽ
Ȼⲻǹؼ
ؼǡʱ˿̴ĴţֱֱǸоޣ
һTϣ°ǡڸסȲλûνĿӡֻһ˫ɫ˿ࡣ
⡭δҲ̫˰ɣ
ˣƶԴɬ˵һΪ㡭ʧˡ


ֻҪ㴩ôһװĺǣһ绰һͻߣַ˵ҷġҿģ
ƶһۣŭΪԼǹⰡ
ַЦЦָָԼԴ˵ҵ廹ͣҵ˼ѾߣҰȫסˣٶԶԶٶȡ
ᡭ
󻵵ƶԼС죬ߵ˵ôվ
𼱣
ұַЦ˵

ʲô
͵ƶַνı֮ʣͻȻǰ˾˵һĻ֪ʲôʱ򡭡ַȻֻʣһӣʲôʱѵģΪʲôԼ֪
㡭
㾿ôģƶһʵôתۼ͡ûˣ
ٺ٣
˵ַԼ촽Ц˵ˣ
䣬
ֱַӾ˹ȥһַ˿ˣݺݵ˴ϡ

˹ܵ𣿡ƶַŭ˵
ˡ
ַƶߣؿŽдһ˿˿ŭĴ˵ڵʲôѽϽԿʼϷе㼱ˣ

ͿʼӦȸһ𣿡ƶһַŭ˵
ޡеַȻЦ˵ȫ
һ䣬
ַԴشȥƶڴһĻѾһСʱˣַ˹ʱ鲻ԽؾͰ˫˹ȥȻ§סĲӣű˫ۡ
һ̣
Ŀ·ᣬʱҲͣͲǰ
ƶ֪ʵ˿̵Ѿһλˣûյݡ߰˰ˣô˵Ѿ˵㡣
Ȼһжǡʦ̵úãְֽɲţҪ֪ŮһʼʱҪ˵ģڡѾ䵽绰
ء
ƶ첻ˣһƿִӣЩŭ˵㳬ʱˣ㽲ֻʮ룬ÿζҪӡ´ܾܲ׼ذһʱ䣿
Ҿ׼ƿʱ䣬ĺַε˵㿴ҡһ궼û⡣


ײףƶҪݺݵصһַ
ţ
ҧҧԼ촽ҪҪôԼ绰ģôһʧŬظԼ˼빤աҪʼˣ
ַע⣬
ĵ̧ˣԴھͷʱͺ쵽˲Ӵ


ҡѾˡƶϸѾþȫĽ
ʱ
ڱϵĴӶˡŬѰŴʵеĴʻȥǰһĻϧźǴʵûκһʻ㣬԰һĻ

Ѿ޷ˣΨижУ
һ룬
ַˣ
ʵַTʱ򣬾Ѿ뵽ᴩŰȫ㣬ȻǺɫİȫ㡣
ַûʧⲻһ򵥵ҺȤζģǴеƤɰ
ţ
ȷϣڲʣ
ͬʱ
ƶڲϱţ˿̵ĴѾʧȥе˼ʣµΨкѷ֣ʵĺҲάˡ
ι
졭İɣƶ֨֨ص˵
ǰ
ַ޷˵شӦҪ󣬵ʱִӾΥŮ˵ʥ͡

Ҵ绰һ𣬾Ѿʧȥ̸еʱˡַ˵Ҫ죬ҾҪƫƫͿ죬ܰô

ƶͷƤڷ飬Լ촽˵ǡܲģ
ַЦ˵
ι
ƭңƶðŭ˵ƭӣ
Ȼ
һ룬
ƶ͹ԹԱˡ
ַҲûҪ̫ãܿ졭ƶϤдƷˡ
ø硭
𡭡̫ء

գ
ʱ⣬
ַƨϡ
Ƭ̼䣬
ַˡ۱㿴Ǿգһ뵽ϣĵӣʱһ޷ͷԽԽĥˣͬʱҲԽԽɰˡ

ַͻȻһ飬ƺûжԼչ¶Цݡ
ʱ
ƶŤһӣȻ󻺻ſ۾ԼӣԼɺʵôˣһͶ˼ҿ
ڶ塣ַ˵

ҾǶ壿ƶüͷɻʵ
š
ר˵ÿ쿴ŮӿӳӵȫŮˣҿӡڱ˿ٷӣÿ쿴ŮӿԶһ꣬ôҿԻꡣַ˵
ᡭ
ƶ˵ᣬȴɽȥ

ȥﰡַʵ
Ķȥƶ۾Ȼ˵

һ𣿡ַε˵ǳεģڷʲô
һ䣬
ƶͻȻ̧ͷŭ˵˵Ϊʲô

ַԴһ˿εؿɬ˵ðɺðɡĶȥ˾һ졣
ƶûûεַȻͿʼˣһֺݺݵšһ⣬û˵ԺܸܲһϣҺôҲڡ
ǡ
ҾҸҸַ˵
˵ҸҾţȻø磿ƶû˵Ҹ
⻰˵á
ַһ㲻˵Լģ㲻ҸҸûڷòã
ⷬ
ƶߵÿ̧ͷˣܹ˭أֻܹԼ
ޣ
ͻȻԼġַŻеĴȻ˵
ҡ
ҡ
ƶҪըˣȥݺݵҧסļ
Ƭ֮
ɿԼ죬˵ԺֹʹдƷ
Ϊʲôַãʵ㲻Ǻϲ𣿡
˵ʲôأ
ʲôʱϲˣƶߵ˵׼áֻҪһΣҾͰ㹷ͷš
Ŷ
þͲðɡַʼ磬Ȼ˵
ַĴ𸴺ƶԴһ˿ؿַĬĬٴɽһ˵š


ΪдƷӴԺܸˣַһм˵㡭дƷֻƷΪģľСȻФƺͽʮƣûгأ
ɲǼ䣬
ƶѡ
죡
ܸң
⾿ʲô𣿣



ʮ С޵
磬
ַʹŴӴƵ𴲣Ȼ˵ˣɱϾֻѡΣеڷﲻġ
·ͿӺƶַǰ˸ʽ
ʱ
ַֻ֪ڷʲôƬ̡æƶ˵ȻǶӢܲȥһ˹أ
˹أ
Ǳ𣿡ƶʵ
ǡ
ıҪȥҵż񡣡ַ˵ּӵ¡ҵֻʣ޲񣡡
ƶһãһڽʲô
ƶһãȻı飬ַЦǺǵ˵ǡȥӢ㲻ȥҲԡھƵŰɣȥֳ򣬶ӢˣȥһӢⲻǰ𣿡
ƶ˼һ£ĬĬ˵ðɡ

ãַһ˵

һֱܺã㡭ÿҡҾˣҵƨɶôƶԴһ˿ߵʵģĸûû˵ģ΢һ˶顣
ԴԹַȴԼһ˵ǣ˵ЩɲˣǵŮûƨƨǵŮӵģܱҸӹ֡
ҡ
ҡƶһʱƿԣźݺݵصһ۴ӡ
ǡõˣƶҲ˹Լƨƨ飬רĳʽ⽴档
ַʽʻⷹӽʽĶˣַԵرر㣬ֵһ̡
ʱ
ڶĴ̻ʵӣƶܵģ⼸Ҳַ֪ǶŶӣܶ඼ǿһ㣬Ȼȥʲôĳ伢һ¡

ع֮󡭡ҸϺôƶ˵
ⷬ
ַʱҭסˣ˺ô󾢲Ż̧ͷֵؿСʵʮһĲҶ

ҷˣ
ȻǲһĲҶˡƶû˵ҿһ»򵥵ģһЩϺ⣬Ȼڹﵹͳһ£ٷͲˮϾƣŷӡ
ַüͷ˼ãС˵ǸҪȥ˰ɣӿסġ

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ҡ
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ڴҪַǼӦģ̫ѳˡҪ񫣬Ժ̫ʹˣȥҽԺθǲҪˣ
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˿ʼȥʵַҪȥţѧͼݣΪϺǸη飬ҪһЩ䣬Щַָ㲻֣ŵĻᣬЩò˶ϡ
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ǡ
δɵġܿɬ˵ں̵ܶʱڡӡ
ɲǼ䣬
ڳһȺ˲ɵһ
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⡭
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š
˵һ⡭̫ˣҪõ临ӵѧߡڳһλ˵û˿޷Բóġ
ʱ
ܿƶδǡ񡯵ðһǰдµ⣬úôһǶС޵档

ͼݣ
ַϣȫһѺ鼮ָ帴ӡ˿̵һڷϣһڼ¼ҪһЩ
ƶߣԼӣϵַд˶ַһŨŨİ⣬ر񡭡·Ҫˡ
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ΪʲôһԼͻ̲סҪ̧ƨɣ

ƶ
һҪ侲һ㣬һдƷ
ʱ
ͼλֵ֮ͣϴЩڴ͵Ĳ⡣



ʮ ֵһ
˾ƶͬѧǣʵ˼ҹߣں̶ܴѾ֪ˡַǸ⣬ûκεĴﵽĳ̶ȣ
ڵڶ磬ټԼͬǡ
ʵԤ

Ȼˣ
˵Сޡ
˳ζʤżǾȻͼݡַܿǰһѵ鼮Ц˵ַоʲôأǡŷΣ

šַժһЩҪϣ˵ƫײ롣
һ£Դһ˿ؿǡǴôֿʼоѧˣ
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Ϊѧ͹е㲻ǰһĻΪƶδǴģϾǸ̬̬ӻ׾ٽ
ڡֿʼоƫײ롣
һ
ƶƳһŵˣȻ˵ǺʦҼַæһ£ƫ׷һηĽŶӸ㲻Ȼҵңϣַ֡

ʦ֪֮æζҪġƶһַޱ˵˵Ҽַԣʲô⣬ɾͿԽ
ƶĻ
һʱ䲻֪˵ЩʲôˣϺƶĶʦͬʱҲ˵ĶʦʦҪַƶδ򾿾ʲôʵͨļͥ
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ġܿ˵ͼһĵĹأÿܶųһڰ壬ڰţѧһ⣬Ϊ˼ǿѧǵ˼
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ⷬ
ƶüͷ΢΢ԡ⼸Ǵ㿴ַЦģǼԼ˴ܴҲǡϾţѧڣôأԼַ磬ǲӦʹؽʵ

ԼҲ˺ܾõʱ䣬ŽַԼʵ

㡭ɡƶ˵
ַַܿ΢Цʵǽһô

ԲûȤֱַ˵ؾܾܿͲ飬ԼĴ󱦱εģڽ⣬ڽǸ⣬ƨ˭˭ȥ
ͻȻ֮⵽˾ܾܿһЩֲΪַʹشӦˣ
ǡ
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뿴
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ƶ
ʮĽϣܲԸܿε˵
ƶ죬ʵرַԼͬѧǣǸνһ֮õˣҪͬѧǵǰͷֵһô죿
˻εģϾ졭ԼַôŰ衣
ô죿
ȥǲȥ
˼ã
ƶʵڰͲסĶͬѧǰҫ򡭡ַʵԼʮ껻ˡ
Ǹ
ҪȥɣƶСʵȥһۡ
ƶַǲܾĬĬصͷܿ˵ҰСʱϾͽˡ
ַӦˣܿԴһ˿ϲõЦȻԣ
ʱ
˺ƶ߶˹ȥ飬Ҳ̫ȻûжˣɱϾͼݡ

˵ּӵҪ뿪˰ɣСس´˵
ţ
ּӵ͵ʼᣬϣȥACǹ´˵
ⷬ
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ӢҪ䡣
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Լȥƨ˹ء
ԡ
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ͳ´һ㲻ϾԼһֱĶȻ˵ʱ򣬼һҲֺ˶ַĸо˲ˡ
Һʹ꣬ˡͷʵҲǣ
԰
Ҵȥ˹أȥͬǵ±ȴսַ˵


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ԣ
໥һϵʽ´˵ˡƱҪҪҰƱʱһ𿴡
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ǡ

ôͻȻδѣ
ô
ԭ޵˫ЯΪѣ
ƶ
ƺһ򡣡յƶߣС˵ͳ´ʧˣ˶ַ֮ǣڶһȥˡ
ƶҲе㲻֪룬Ҳܵ˹ͳ´ַֺ⣬Ϊ򡭡ñóΪе˫ܵС顣

Ҳõġ
ܿ죬
ϵʽַժϵͬʱ͹´Ź飬û뵽ӵкܶ๲ͬ㣬ͬʱϲӢҲϲ׵Ļ׵ġ
Ϊؼһ֡
Ȼƶ
ǡ˹ŵɶַֻ࣬͵͵ϲּӵ¡
ܿ죬
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һǿڰǰַϸۣ˲е˾
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ƶеԭΪֻһͨͨ⣬û뵽Ȼ֡
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ˡ
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̫ˡ
ַ̾˿ε˵
Ȼˣ
Ͼֵһܿ΢Ц˵Ҳǲ޲ˣ


סǼƵĺ׷𣿡ַվڱƵƶʵ
ַĻ
ƶʶҡҡͷε˵ô󡭡ûбҪ
ʱ
ַָָǿڰ壬˵㿴Ǯˡ



ʮ ֧һ
ʵ
ַԵȤǲġ
ͺñȵһۣἰ˵ʱܻһ䡮Ƕأûܹ⣬Ҷдˡ
֮Ϊѧʽ֮һ׿˷̣ϵпܴŶããвǹµڵĿԡ
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ˣ
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ǰĽڣһȤĸ˲ĳеһģѡ
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Ц֮Ȼ˾Ŀѧ漰ѧͬʱҲǣѧ
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ƶȻ˵ҹ˾ʵ򡣡
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һжԵ֣ʱһƬҶˣԱʡţѧıʡַЦ˵ȻƬҹ˾ĸˣллṩİ
šƶͷҲַ

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ʵѾкܶõģϷ硭6Ϸ˼һȽϵУ˿ģʶϷ
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뷨ַ㿪ʼ˼ԵóĹʽûнݾֻв۵㣬Ȼд۵㣬ٽдϼС
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ַڹ˼ܹó㹫ʽĿʼ˻ԵĴԼüģĹֵģͣȻǲõģζźе趨һнС
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ʵ˾ʲôģܿߵƶߣСʵҲֻڼȻɨɨصġҪ֪һǶ𣿡
ҡ
ҡƶһʱ䲻֪ôشԼ˵ѾʵˣԷȴţѵһҪ֯һĻԣܻöԷΣ

ǡƶ֨֨ذ죬Ҳ˵ȻѡЭ˵һǿйߣҵʵҵȻְ񡣡
ܿŽɵؿʵѽΪʲôҲ֪һˣ˵˵ǲġ

㰮ŲŰɡƶε˵ˡҲ˵ģ
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ܿˣƶˡЩսթ
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ŹһСʱַԼ룬õйؼֵȫʵֵĸʣģʶıģԵֵ
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ˣܿعԴش˹ȥͬʱҲ˹ȥƶҲͲסĵĺģҲԼԴȥ
˿ŰֽĹ̺һãϯԣͿַдʲôڵĻɬѶʱܿ΢΢һ£ջûг
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ǰ޷ܵļˣַ˵ۣݽλڣҪҪ֧һȴǮٸݡ

һô죿ܿʵ

ҲŶһҲĻǰװʧһַЦǺǵ˵ǾͶҵƷ
ַ֪ܿڿЦΪԼֱĿǰַдݣѾֵһˣԼδʮͬôܻ᲻أ
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ʱŮǲģƶŮˣҲᷢĪŭһƶرĸ꣬ҲΪԼһһˡ

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Ӧ÷ƲңĻ쵰ĥң



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˳ԱȽϼ򵥣ܵ˵ǮУʲôϴ·ӵȵȣĿĵؿԵⲻʲôҪ顣
Ƭ̼䣬
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Сʱ
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ҸĹϵɣһҪأһһ䣬ϡϡȴһ죬õķҲ֪һῴ

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ԭΪԼΪεͻ״ӦҸܰϦڣǡȻףŷʵһֱԼߣû뿪ӿʼڡһֱԼߡ
˵ĶˣİĸоİˣĶĸоƶǰкԼĶİĸо
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ʱַڽ䣬ؿһУֳԼTֿ㡭˶װϯо롣

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Ҳˡ꾡NatureǡScienceַ壬˵ȫˣκκλᣬ߱ڴ
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ַҲ˵ˡһ׽ҵѲˣλĹѣճά뿪֧ճԼ·ЬױƷԼżȻȥȥԺ
ⶼûַһݣҡһһЩʲô飬֮ľۻᣬַԼᣬðաⶼǮѽ
ԼĹһ²ô㣬󱿵Ĺʸ٣ȻԼżȻ죬ҲżȻ
뵽ƶ̲ס̾˿ԭǲְҵѧģΪһǴѧУĲʿһѧڣȻǶҲˡ
뵱Լڹ⵱ڵʱнҲʮһ꣬عʣ֮һ
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롭ǰڹڣһʮعʣ֮һƶ죬ĬĬ˵˵һعΪʲô
ôַ֪ʼ磬Ȼ˵ʵعȻͼĹˡ

ˡɡƶ̾˿һַ˵ȻҺĹ޷άҪҪһô
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ƶҧҧ촽Դһ˿˵Ϲȥ˵òã
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˱뿪Ʒ꣬һͬǰ˸ĸңгʱһȥһˣϾȽ⣬ӷϽڽգȻǽգǾҪò˺þʲôġ
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ϰһ۸İٿǮһ
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ⶫʲôƶüͷʵ

ССֲӡַЦǺǵ˵

åƶһϼû˵׳ա
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ι
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Ϊأ
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ƶ̾˿̧ͷԼĸĸ˵֡裬ǧҪᣬŮⲻЮ



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ܿ죬
ƶһ˿˿ָоʵ̫Ϥˡ

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⡭
ⲻ֪ܲܶס



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һɷǳǿҵԤУӻһǸҪĻԼòøأ
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׶εԼԲܻϣеĻԼĿҵԵĴ֮ǰһеŬ֮
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ƶ֪ôش⣬ܸܲԼ裬ʵԼַŸոտʼ֮ǰƭģոտʼսⱻĸ֪Ҫڳٵ顣

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ִַַǿһʵֱܸ߼ǲر󣿡

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תԵʱõ˵һĳɼҾ;ܴһˡ˵꣬һַϵƶ΢е˵㡭ͻȻȥμתԣǲΪ
ַЦЦĬĬ˵šűȥģһȥء

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ƶһۣ쵰ԼϲһҲʲôһֵĽ
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ţַЦ˵ˣ
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ƶɿ֣һԼϹ˵úڼʱҸȥһŽ꿨úðԼȥ𶯲ˡ

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ҪúöУûһǿ׳ǣνأַ̾˿ĬĬ˵绰ʼԼĹ

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ոս
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ݣ
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İʮ ҡǰ̣

˵ҸòȥѡϵελãƶһŲһسַ˵ǡУΪϾҪﵽڵλˣеĻ֮ڡΪԺʿ
ȥԺԺʿɡַȻ˵֪еĴ쵼⵽˵лĹϵߵһԺԺʿһرǿѧԺԺʿһԱȵġ
š
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Ȱɡƶ˵
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ĪβŮˣӵкԼͬ۹⣿
Բԣ
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ʱ
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ЬҲԼģҬӣ۸򲻵һ㣬ؼϹŵǿֱǴϰƭĽʫ٣ֵ߰ʮ˵Ѿһˡ
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ƶĵе㷴θ
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ϲϲַҲûпԹŲڻһ䡣


ƳһַĬĬذַÿ㻨Ǯ۵ٿ顣
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βŮ˵ɴ˫ۣϸַʵС硭Ů𣿡
ַһ£ҡҡͷ˵ûС
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İʮ ѧҾҪԼ
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ܣ
ԼϹ¶ǳëֻҪˣҲ벻Ϸ·һħԼȥھԽھԽݵԽȷӦʱΪʱ

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ڽļ죬ַһÿʵҽплȻƶһؼңֻǡ˸еεǣԼĿƺЩͣͲǰ
ڴųǿϣǻְٷ֮һٷ֮˥ַʱǲ豸⣬ļ鷢֡豸Ͳκë
ΨһԽžǡԼ̫ˡ
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ţ
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ַЦЦ§ϸյĲӴŮ˵šϹҲԣ´Ρһһʱ㿪ġ
ɲǼ䣬
ƶȫ̱ҧԼ촽µ˵֪ͺá
˵꣬
Դһ˿˵𡭡
Ȼַ˵ãصʹ
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ʦҴˡַŵúëֱԼ̬ȡ
ַͻȻʵƶü¶ϲã漴˵ϹǰôԼģ㻹ǵʲôͻѧڶɣʲôһ͡ʲôΣһξǰꡣ
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ƶ̧֣סַ°ͣ˵˲һ
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ĸϻˣ˵ĸϻʮˣսǿ
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˼Ƭַ̣ͻȻʶʲôЦʵţոǲǣڰˣ
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ɲǼ䣬
ӿһܸ߳УѴסˣղԼ캰ص˻ｲһЩĪĻ϶϶ϰˣ⡭⡭ô찡
͵ƶ޴֮ʣһЦӣʱ
㣡
ƶĹĵ˵ң
˵꣬
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ûӣ
ƶַַĻ
ţ

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ƶһۣû˵ڶ֪Լô죬ȥУĿˣ
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ƶûǰʵңǺַһصҵĵһԼıʼǱַ鷿
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ƶüͷȻ׼ȷؽϸڣǲȥʵҡƾռݣͿԽ߽ɢ⣬;÷˼
ַʵݺͱʱƶ֪ʲôʱѾһӣıϡ

㿴ݺͱ棬ϸһ𣿡ƶԼϹĵٶȺܿ죬žǴ˵еһĿʮУȻͷһҳٶȷڽ𣿶ڷܣ
Ҫַ˵һ䣬ּʼԼΪ
ƶſڣҪʲôջǰѻӲ˻ȥȻ˵ʮİգϾ쵰Լܴⷽ󵨣СĽġ
Ƭ̼䣬
ַеݺͱ棬˼˵ǲƶһĿꣿ

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ĥĥġƶҪߴٵ
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ƶ΢΢һ˿ϼĬĬ˵Է
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һŮ־룬Ҫ̫֫ӴŮڨ಻ѻҽˣҪһЩ⣬ңһԽġƶַ

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ַԼţЦǺǵ˵ű¡أҽʮ꣬רθ֢ʱ򡭡׿ڰ
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ЦʲôЦƶҧҧ촽˵ҡԸʹҲҲæģ



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ַһ´գ˵ʲôӣ㶼ҵĴ

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ͬʱѧҲΪеĲУԵǲӦô񵴵ġ
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Ƚ쿼Իؼңҵƣƶҧгݵ˵Сһʱ̵Ŀתתģҳࡣ
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ַλŮĸй˲˲١
ƶȴԴ֮ԱǣǰСĻǳ

ˣʵҡַЦӯӯ˵ʱ򡭡ͻȻ˺ݺݲһš
˻
ϡۣ
ַȻоʹɷƵ˵ûû¡
ʱ
λ˫βŮ˵˵ǿô⡭ûд
磿
⣿
ƶáѲɡǰ˲μоԣ
дˡ
ܼ򵥡ַ˵



˹⣬ʣµ˴һ˿ŵı鿴
򵥣
򵥰ɣλ˫βŮ˵ѧӢZZЩγɽרҳרҵεɱУȽĽרҳġ˵ڳľӡ

ƶľӣ
ַƳһߵĴ˵пģʹķǳƣжʱصġ
˿̣
ƶȷˣǰĸСоԣϵʲôʱôƯŮˣ
𣿡
ԭǾڳľӡַ¶һ˿Цݣǰ˵ֲáҾȻ˰Сʱ꣬ƽʱʮӾͽˡ
һ䣬
ַоԼĴȣһɾǿƵϮţ۵òûιȥ

ôˣ˫βŮʵ

ûû¡ֲַʧòЦ
ַ
ܲܰǽһ˼·˵Ҳ֪ǶǿרҵģϵҲγ̣Ǻܾͨ
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һһ¡ַ˼һ£̧ͷ˵ԼɪЧӦ;ӿöγɿضԣ
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ţ
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ţ
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˵꣬
ʶʲôæַ˵Ǹ㣬㲻ҪᡭʵǺַϵΪʦδͨԣǺϹͬѧˡ
ɲǼ䣬
ƶͷƤˡ



İʮһ ֲʮŮ
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ǰСȻȻԼΪʦ
ƶÿҪðˣʵ֮ǰѾǵ˻û뵽ԶûпʼַѾ鳩
ؼһˣһ¾ĸһҵģ
ͬʱ
ַеӵĲ֪룬ȻԼǰĸŮûκιϸҲʲôϸ𣬵ڡƴϴգºˡƶʵǸ֪ĸСҪˡ
˵
ĸɵóΪʦѧܶ࣬Ҳȱĸˣǳ㡭Ҳ˸ͳȥ
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ȿȣ
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ҡҺֲܿ
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ַһ£ѾԸоߵǣѾҪ˿񱩵Ľ׶Ρ
ţ
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ִӴʱͷʹйŮˣǰԼ˾·
Ǹ
Ҿðɡֻǿ˱棬ʵһǳŮˣҿԸоַ˵ʱҪȥܡܡܹ⿴ġôΪġ
᣿
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ҡ
ôġ
ַһǰ⼸ˣ⼸˲԰
ǡ
ιҡַץԼͷε˵ܲܶԼδĵʦ΢һڴͲһЩڵĶ棬޷¼ȡ
һ䣬
ƶͻȻ˿ڣдһ˿ʸУ˵ǵİ˭
ͻȻ
ڳλŮסˣ˵ĿЩԼӣĸоһ޷ڡ
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ƶüͷ΢΢һ壬˼ˣԼԺиûнˣҲǡԼĹϵȦһϵμ𣬻оĸ
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Ҫ׼ɱˣ
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һ䣬
ַԵĸ˵Ǹһ仰ǶڿܴƫʵڡǷǳǳŮˣô˵أᡣ
ʱ
ǰĸͬҵŮԴһ˿ãؿַԼǰһŮˣĺ
˵ַŲ֪Ůģ

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ѾԼİ˭ˡ
ţ
˵öԡƶȻ˵ƶڡǸŮˡ
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Ȼƶں˶Ŀ洫Щˣ˵ԼǱ飬˵Լ˽ֲܾܿͷΡ
ǡ
ǲʶڣʵ
ַЦЦ˵Ҳʶʶ˵á
˵꣬
һϲؿǰֵŮˣæʵ㣡㡭ʶڣ

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Ĳ˵ʵ
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Ȼģʵᡣƶ΢ε˵
ʱ
һߵַЦϣԿ䡣
αŮˣ
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Դɵ˵ԡͬҵ˲ôš
ǽ㡭ܴܲһ¡Ǹʵܻ漰˽Ѿ˺ܶˡ
ʰɡ
ƶſԲµʲô⣬ûĻ϶ǹеĻ⡣
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ھˣС˵ںܶ˶ڵʵ˺棬վʾŶʮ꣬ҶʵѾʮ꣬ΪֻеǸŮˣŻᡭôġֲ
ʮꣿ
ƶûըˣȫ֪ýʲô
ȿȣ
ǣ浽˽ǱˡַѾƶе΢΢ز϶Ǳˣæֹ⡣
ʱ
ǡ÷Ա˸ֵĲˡ

ȳҹַ˿ӣʼݽţܡ
˿̣
ƶӦԼϹĸСһ𣬿ֵĳҹٷŭˣֲժԼĿ֡

ҡôѧӡ棬˵ز
ֲʮŮˣ

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һ㶼ԼϹƶﵱо𣿡ţܣ˵֪кܶϵŮǣΪʦҾȫˡ
˵꣬
Ц˵ģһ㿴סַġ
ߣ
²ǼԵɣ
ƶɲֻڶԡĵŮӶĵˣҪʱ̷ţõİ취ܾͨͨÿһŮϧѧУѾָ꣬¼ȡʮλϵŮ
ʱ
ַæ˵ġҿ϶ܹԵģ֤ҷġ
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ʱַ˵ʲôûˣֻǹһˣƶܺһԼԼԼߣǰڿĸ
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ؼִչ¶ԼŻĸСжɢŹâ̫ˡ
Ůһĳˣô˵Ѿ̶У޷԰Ρ
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Լ
ݵģ
ң
ЩСδִǻĸ֣Ƥôʵôܰѳֵס

Ҫúøӣ˼빤ˣ



İʮ ʦѧκ󸨵
ƶҪһʼڵݣĶַȨǵǰļˣδпԼѧһ⼸С֪ԼݣδֵǷꡣ
ȻֻһԭҪĻǡֲʮŮˡ
һ뵽⣬
ƶһӵĻԼôƯôʮĴŵؽòԣԼǰĸСƯˡ
˼ȥ
ƶÿΪԼĳɾͣȫһʮ˸еġ
ԼѵͲ㣿
Ƭ̼䣬
ҹҪˣʱַȥһ
ʱ
ǰƶʵ㣿ʲôģ

ӹƶ˵
ʵƶû˵ѣȷһӹѧУ涨ĻҪÿѧڳеڻΣʱʮѧʱϣͬʱҪںڿϷġ
УϵĽѧĿҪһ
ͬʱƶǿκʵΣ͸ӵӴˡ
Ŷ
óԷǺԼԴҲûٺƤȥ׽Ҳûʲô׵ģϾδͬİ·ˣֻнôһζѡ
ܿ죬
ַһЦеػˣŹ˵߰ɡѾˡ
ַĻ
ڳļ˷׷һ£˵ΪڹĿ˲ߴȻһҹ˼Ǯԡַˡ
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ƶÿҪˣѾĸСдЩ⣬һΣյźţʵһֻҪһɣ硭İѵˡ
ַˣʲôأͷһС
ոձҵã߻ûбҵһഺŮȴ뾫ȫͬ˼ִӳûѧʶôһһ׵ģױЩ̲ϡ
⡭
˵͵ġЦݵ˵Ҽһ΢ţҰǮת㡣
һ䣬
ƶѾսȭͷֻҪԼϹҼ΢ţԼ͵Ѹ

˰ɣ͵ˡַ˰֣Ц˵˺ˡҺҪȥˣǼҲעⰲȫ
Ŷ
ллˣлᡭͽ㡣˵
˵
˱վӣַƶһб꣬Ȼһͬ뿪ݽţܵꡣ

ſأƶԼϹվԭأɵ㶵ؿ棬ʱֱţŭ˵ַҷƺڽϾǲǣո˵ռ䣬Ͼ͸ĸС
ϡ
ҵĹԹѧԺšַع񣬼æߵ˴Ȼֱӱס˵㿴㡭ֿʼˣôܺأ
ߣ
աƶƳһַȻ˵ɿҺ㲻ʶ
ôͲʶˣ
ҵĺţ˧ϹѽַЦ˵

ƶֺݺݵһַĴȣŭ˵顭ΪֻǺһ£˵ܽˣ»ȥ㲻һӶסʲôʹ
˻
ϡַۣšٶҪŤˡ
ƶԼϹ۵ֱ죬ɾɿԼ֣һվӣſȥ
ţ
ȥ
ȵѽ

ĳƵ꣬
ַںǰ̨СȷϷ䣬ƶſվڱϣüд˷ŭţܵ굽Ƶ·һֱûַȻһֱһ⣬ɾǲ
š
󴲷ַ˵ˡǾƵŻȯܲã
Եģǰ̨СЦ˵
ƶüͷ΢΢𣬶ԼϹкƵŻȯ΢е˲ʵоƵŻȯҲʲô飬ֻǴ˿̵Ĵַ˱ԹֻҪص飬ĳ̶ȡ
ܿ췿俪ˣ
߽ݣŹվڱϵĴִַȥǣظĵˡ
ֶŵġƶû˵
ι
ҵĺţַε˵ȫͻԣҡҲ֪
ƶû˵ŵ¥ָʾĻƬ̼䡭ʮ¥Ŵ򿪵˲䣬ֱӿ粽뿪

ַǵıӰӲͷƤ͸ȥ
ź
ƶոհѿһͻȻͱַԼסˣž͸оеġ
ʵɡ
һʼ͸оˡַŴϸԼգ˵Ѿ룬Ҫᣬİɡ֪ô
ԭƶһ£ֳַϿҵ˲˵ΪʲôҪǮ
ҲϲκŮҸǮַ˵𣿡

ƶѾȫţܵַ˵ЩݻʱʣҸУʵַţܵıֻûиЩκλᣬȻˡҲпԼڳԭ

ԼӰǲǸչ˵Լˣƶ뵽ʲô΢΢زͷַʵ

˵ɲַε˵š
˵أ
ԴӽԺͶҰģͻȻԼҳӰԭܵӰ죬Ӷķ֡ƶС죬еǿӲĻͦ۵ġ
롭
ûиܣ뵽Լš
ȻԼϹȥӰ
벻ҵˣ


ǲǴ㹫˽𣿡ַ͵͵һ۴˿̵ı飬ŭдһ˿˿ļʱ֪Ҫʲôˣ޷ǾԼϵȨݺݵشһ¡
ô
ˣ
ȻҹϹұһ£ƶһŭ˵㡭ͳĿн֯ͳһ֯ԱģصĿҴӵһԱȥĵġ
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˵꣬
ַյĶ䣬ҧҧĶ˵ǲǸоܿģ
ʱ
ƶڲܲ˵ľַҧԼĶÿζòһңನʴԼǣӶÿʼ
ǧһ֮ʣ
ͻȻԲԡԼҪ˼
ô
ôڵˣ
ѽѽ
⡭ôˣַԴߵӣû취Ķ䱻ƶһѾסˡ
ͻȻûи˼Σƶַǰ˵ԹãҪúøһΣ
ַӣɵǰһؿűޱĴ
ʦ
ѧ
Ƶꣿ
κ󸨵
ɲǼ䣬
ַ¶һĨص΢Ц



İʮ ˽Ҫӣ
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飬
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ʦ
ѧеޱϣʦĽҡַѾ뵽ѧ״̬棬һؿŴ˵
ƶеãǰһĴ󱿵˲뵽ʲô˵ⳡе󱿵һֱԼ飬ǽĵȷȷҪǡΪĳЩ뷨
㡭
ǲˣƶԼ촽дһ˿ŭ˵㡭׼㣬˼Ʒ¿Ρ
û
˵˼ر࣬ԸϽ˼Ʒ¿Σҵ˼ŤַԴǵ˵ʦ㻹վŸʲôϽϿѽҡҶеȲˡ
⡭
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ƶһۣҲ˵ʲôæӱùһӣַߣ˵˼κͱĲһԭࡣ
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ţҵţַһε˵
ߣ
ƶɿԼ֣ƳһĴ󱿵û˵ϹзĭõԸԡ
ţ
ƶʼԼĿ̸Щַһ䶼ûȥ˿̵ӶǽΪƬΡ
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ƶע⵽ַڿСĿһֱԼ١ţһ˿YD¼
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ߣ
ҿһ㶼ûȥϿεʱ䲻ú˼뿪Сƶһַҧҧ촽Դһ˿ɬ˵۾ʵһֱʦġġؿ
һ䣬
ַͻȻ˾ƺиˣϷ
ʦ
ɲܹҰַתӣԴǵس˵ҡȫڱġ
ո˵꣬
ַձݺݵסˣƶüЩĽŭ˵ѵʦҵˣ

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ߣ
ȻˡǾ͸ҺúΡƶɿԼ֣Ƴۣ˲䡭һĨ糺죬˵ѧ
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ƶڸַصϴԣݴε̲йأͬʱһЩôԼţЩݶƽʱռġ
ʱ
ƶоԼĴ˱һ£ԭΪַʹ˰ˣǵ͹LSPʵ쵰ͣ
ڡڡЩ̲ǰҪֺԼġƶ˵ʼ϶дһ˿Ϣ
أ
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Ľǳʧ
ƶӻлع񣬱΢Щȣü͸¶Щʧ

ôˣ
ΪʲôȻͣ͡ˣ
ʦ
ôˣַʵ

ƶҧҧԼ촽ԡ쵰֮ǰòԼȻͻȻ֣Լһ㣬ߡƫƫͲˡ
һ
ƶԼϴԿγ̡
Žţ
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ʱ
ƶҪˣԽʱԽǲң˴ӵĹơ

ΪʮŮˣһǽ֣ͳ̶Ȼ޵ģƬ̼䡭̧ԼĽż⣬شһַЬӡ
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ĴЩ޼ɵƺ̺ĳѶϢ
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ٺ٣
һ룬
ַͻȻѴűƶҲȻ˫ۻסִӵĲӡ
ܿ죬
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ƶһۣ˲䡭ԼԴתһߡ
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ַĻ
ƶһ£Լڵʱ䡣

мʱ䣬
ӦÿԻָɣ
š
ƶռǵвߵ˵˽Ҫúòӣ



İʮ ͻ
һʼַûжģϾǰ⼸ɲﶷԼڵʱ⣬ԼҪóֵ׼һȫ
û뵽
Լе㿸סˣҲǡ۳žҪʮˣϽ⿪ķӡôܰ͵ס
ʱ
ַ۲Ŵǲ糺죬΢΢ԴҧԼ촽ü価ֽɬ֮飬ò˵İȷʵԼɱܴ
˶Ѿ޷԰εĳ̶ȣһεεӣû취˭Լͺһأ
ʦ
ֱַ̧һ´գԴһ˿˵̰
ҡ
ʦҡе㲡ˡƶɬ˵
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ʦ
ҪѧΣַʵ

ѧƶĵذһۣϸϰ˵㡭ôΣ
ַ˼һ£Ц˵ѧβص㣬һжʮҿʦĲ飬ʱټɡ
һ䣬
ӾͿʼˣֱëµ°ڣᣬΪܻ⵽һЩ谭൱˳ַ¶Ѵ֮ͽˡ
ַ֪̫ͨˣϾ֪ͨ´˿̵һŵBraȥɫȫ޷֮Ųͬķ
ȥĺɫ˴欣˿̰ɫ˴ĵʥ࣬иԵŵ㣬һҪֳʤʵַϲɫģȻˡɫҲ
ʱ
ƶоԼҪϢˣ޷ŵСѾ˵жôĽš
һӺ
ʵܲҧҧԼ촽ʵ𣿡
ţ
ѧѾ֪ʦĲ״ַͷЦ˵ʦѧǵ˴ۺ֢֢״һԵص㣬ϲڴŤŤȥ
ƶһ쵰Ȼ׳ǹ٩Լŭ֢״ǲ۸ʦ

ʵѧҲǺҪһϲСַ˵ꡭֱӿʼˣԹ뾱ߡ
˵еźѾֱַûյ˫ϵͳǱ˫ϵͳ󡭡Ѿ̽ˡ桯ܣȴ˫ϵͳıԵλǻ
ò˵
ǸźͬʱҲΪַ̽桯Ҫһо⣬о桯в֮ͬ䣬ŷǳҪ塣
̼䣬
ƶǵð̵ĳ̶ȣ˵ҪӪأ⡭ô䰡ֻˣѾĲҪδԼܵ
ι
ˡ
ƶߴһ˿΢ּЩİ˵ϽϽʼɡ
ʱ
ַ̧ͷŴ˵ʦ£
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ƶҧҧ촽Դε˵ûü׼
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˰ɣַæ˵оҲˣѧҲдˣ촩ҲˣռƻʱҪˣ˵кҲԹ
˶̥̣㱾ǽڣⲻ̥𣿡ַЦ˵ǵĺҲǿѧңԺǼҾŵˡ
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ʱĿĵڴϣһסС·ĸʣ˵رио
һ·ϵƶݼҵĺӣЩǼַ󣬷׷еسһɻ߹ɣȻһɻǹɣҪǮġ
ַÿ˸һٿ飬ǮǸͦĵġ
ʱ
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Сǲǣƶżæס˹һ˵ַ϶ѻЦݣ˵
ַΣֻӲͷƤȥˣǸԼȥ̫̫ʶϾͬһϡ
źáֲַʧòЦ
š
ָָ̫̫ϵĵӣЦ˵廹ðɣ
Сַ˵ûʲô󰭵ġ
û¾С̫̫ͷһ˵С֡ҲڳҲĸ˵Ļе𣿡
ַһ£汻˵ˣ̫̫Լ̸ȻԼһֵظǡ

ַ÷һѡ̬ǿӲϾֻŮѣ˼һ¡˵š뷨ǣ
ŵ뷨
һôҲãһľ˾ǡ̫̫Ц˵Ȼľ˾Ҳ̫࣬һ롭ľ˾Ƿһ룬ǽԴϲҲȨ֤ϣȨ
ⷬ
ַʱôоƶҺһɵӣ
ſҪһ롣
ַЦЦǰ̫̫˵ŷİɣ
ɲǼ䣬
̫̫Ļŭţѵˣ
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İٰʮ Űζ
ƶϼҵЩַ˹˹ĵģȫһʵ˵ͷȻֻΪַİһʱ޷Ӧ״̬ϲ̫ˡе㾫ľ
ʵϣ
ַ軵˵αӵöңһܹ˵Ļ硭һȺħ޻ɷַͽԼǹḱ᳤ְһοװǡ
һ赽ʮңȻһǳߵϢЩծծǼֲծͻ뿪Ϸ󡭡ַӮˣܹõ˺üȻЩǮ󲿷ֻƶϡ
Ȼ
ַļģרŽһǳרҵѧģͣҵ뿪ʱ䣬ʱʵһЩأַŸװǡ
ʱ
ƶַĻòûðˡǰŮʵʵģôое軵أǹһϣϣûмӣ˲˴ȵס
С֡
ҪֻļҵŮ̫̫ԭЦݣЩأҲ֮ǰȻͬ˵һļҵĶӦ𣿡
̫̫Ļַ˼У侲һƶŵĻ̧ͷ˿ǰ̫̫ſ˵ʲôָ˻ȥԥá˵Ҿû⡣

㡭⡭̫̫ûбһʱе
ַ̾˿ε˵šŴϴˣǶ֪δй滮ὫŪɹҵ԰ʱصļֵͻᷭſھҪһ롭һ𲽡
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Ȿļҵģ̫̫ˣԼŮŭ
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̫̫СŮŮԼӣͬĸŮһεģȻƶΨһŮ޷ıϾһ֣һ
Ȼһԭ򣬴žƶڲϼң͵ˮΪŮλߣ̫̫ܶԼŮ
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Ѷϼ£Ĺϵ۸ӣһ޷⿪ᡣ
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˵һΣҲǵģ㻹ִҪóһظ˾ǣ˼Ӧ˾˾ǰȨǣ¸ˡַ˵ҪŮΣǿơ
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˿ƶŲʶǰˣԼԭôʵˡҺʵʵ軵
ʱַһڱˣŮȥıӰ̫̫Ǹѽ޿κΡȻʱⲻߴð˴ڱ˵ַĻ
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ƶַߣܿü΢΢šһ΢˵ǲǳˣ
š
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ҺͰ軹һȥ˳Щ̻֮ģ첻ǳϦƶ˵Ҫ̻ӭꡣ
СӻˣַЦ˵
ٽʱġƶɽַĻ˵΢ҽһ㡭
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Ĳ˺̳ˣ˺󡭡ַĲ˳ôⱲӳԵζˣһ㶼
ֽ֮ϳ֮Ųϵַһȫˣǰôϲ߲ˣȴ߲ˣû취ʹɴڣɲصޡ
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һһ𿴴˺ĸһĲͬƶֱַĻһ߿ŵеĽĿһ߳ԼϹʱʱˮ
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÷ٻһԼŮҲûޡѾˣ˵ʲôߡŮҲûԹԣȥ˵е㲻ʡ
С֣
ʱ̫̫ǲҹ㣿÷ͻȻʵ
š
·ʱ򣬰ҵйȥˡַ˵
ƶһ£æ˵ǲҪһظ˾ǣ
š
ûиַͷʵ衭ô֪ģ
С뿪̫̫Һֵǰ˵㼸䲻ǣҾ֪ϳԱˡ÷Ц˵˿ʵʵһ㶼ʵ
ַεЦЦε˵̫ˡھҪһ롣
е֡÷ͷȻʵȨҪҪ

ˡַҡҡͷε˵Ȼ֮ǰʹӦ˼ңǡ˰ɡ
У
ġ÷Ц
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͵ʱ㣬̻Ļڵˡ
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ƶЩŵ̻ĵ˲ͷˡȥһ꣬ԼŮŮٵӣһꡭԼҪӱ裬ʱ䡭ĺÿ찡
ʱ
ַشƶסԴڼϣ˵ʲôأ
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ǸоһԼı仯öࡣƶп˵ôҲû뵽ȥĽ죬һһˣڡ
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ƶԼӣ˵ȴͺӡ
Ҳǡ
һı仯Ҳö࣬ȥĽ죬Ҳһˣȴͺӡַ˵šҰ㣡
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Ҳ㣡
ͬʱ
վڱϵͯ
ͯ᣺(V_V)



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ܷͯŭò׻ؼҹ꣬ĿһǶؼеһλڹȥʱ򣬻Լ˵ֻŮ˱
ڡ
Ǹ˵ʹŮˣΪޣﻹ˺ӡ
⾿ʲô
ʱһɻҩζɶͯԡкֹлҩζһ˷θİζΨԼɢŵеķҷû취˸߹

ͯҲÿ뷽跨ѵʱҲ̸ٶ󣬿ǲ֪Ϊʲôÿһθ鶼ֻάһӣһӣҲ֪Լ⣬ǶԷ⣬֮ĵ·Ǻ˳
֮£
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оǽ򡭡
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ţ
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΢ע㡭ﻹδġͯ˵

ʲô𣿡ַɿ죬ǰ糺Ůʵ
ƶһ£ԸղǱϹôͶˣǡǷ֮ϬʱִҪʲôüԴһ˿ɬ˵šһֻݷġ̡
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ƶ죬ε˵ᡭˣҲץʱҶɡ
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ƭҵ𣿡ͯؿԼı㡣

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ûôĺҡûа취ԭġͯʾһºȣҡ
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š

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һǰһׯַ˵ļңʮӵ·̣һ³ҲһѷΧ̶Ⱥ֮ǰ¡
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ַ͸ܵǿĴ꺮ůóԺúźţԭȵȻ෴緹֮ʣһӲˣַһС
ʵû취
پһɾ
Сֳ԰
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۵һ£һȹˡ
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ģ̫̫Ȼ˵ѡ㲻ĳԳԣϵʱ򡭡СֵռʺζĲˡ
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ʱ
ַعվڱϣˡ
Լ˼
侲
ֹ
գ
ַСسʵ
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𣿡
㣡



İٰʮ ַļͥλ
ԼŮĻûзˡ
ַһܵı飬æ˵֡ҾͿЦѣǧѽô͹ˡ
빻
һǧĶأû˵ʲô֪𣿡
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ַѾоˣҸоرǿҡĸЩؼ˵ЩѾʵԼǵʵ⻹ŬʲôѾ۷

ŬҪŬģ
ͺñһͨͨϰ壬ͻȻ˼ڵĲƱǻҪϰȥġȴǸӵڳƱϰ壬ǰԲΨΨŵŵԺȭ
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ʱǣ˵үġַתͷƶʵ֡ô
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ͻȥˣոյҵַûЪһӣͽӵһ绰ԼҵǸǴġ
㵽ͷǸСƶ˵
ȥ
̫ˡַ̱ϣ޾ɵ˵ոպͰִ

һǧĶ𣿡ƶʵˣ
ַӦһ˵šȫˡ
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ƶֱըˣ˵ĸĲҵӦöŮɣôȫŮŮһ㶫ûУϸ롭˭һǵԼϡ
š
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Բۣ
ԭǸţ
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𾪵ȣԽԽоеˡ

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ַʱˣѺΰ˳ǰСµĵݴ
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СƶȻ֪ԼϹҪȥʲôԭǱȽϷ̵ַģԼˣҲͲôų⣬ҪԼУֻǡ÷ȥ̣е˵ȥ
Լŵѣַû⣬Ƭ̡˵һݵأһ߽ƣһ⡣
ֻǣ
šַоԼ÷е㲻Ծ
򡭡
ΰһ̣дһ˿˵ҸоԼˡ

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ôˣַʵ
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ΰ죬ָ˻ȥʱ͵͵عͷȣæתسַ˵򡭡ҿ𣿡
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˶ҵŮַͷԴǵ˵㲻ң㻹˭
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ͥλһ飬ģַԼظдţ˵С˵ļͥλǻʵ۵ĵۣڼǾǻϣ
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ΰϵˣ



İٰʮ ÷򱻽̻
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˶һۣ˴˿˶ԷеΣַǺܸɴ࣬æ˵ǹͬȼվź־ţȫµĵˣҪŽ
ΰͷæʵ򡭡ͻȻϷʲô
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ƽʱϷʱôԴģַ˵

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ΰַĻԽԽò˼ˣȵйڱ飬Ļǽ飬˵Ȼ෴
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ַƶ˷ؾ뿪Ȼ˿ʼԼķɢ

˵ôûȺСַһʵ
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ԼүүҳԷүүҵүүֵܣͬһ游ƶ͵Ǽر࣬Ұ߼ǱߡҪŵĻһСʱ
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ͣһ£ƶ˵ǽⴵԼϡǸд˱֤ġ

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ⶼͱˡƶ˵һֻӣʵͽģʵϿɻҴˣҲǳصģʱ򡭡͸ϵһ
ƾܵĺǣֻҪһ͹Թǰ֡ƶü¶ЩİԼ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷһĵʵΪʲô
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ЩҪѧʿɶֹҡʱҲȡ֣иȣֵ֪ʲô̶ȣеŭҪʱԼͺˣһӲ֪ô졣ƶ˵ҪʱȨ
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һ䣬
ַ˵̵ĺݣ޷һ֡壡
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ַһ£صҴȥλǰ



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ַĻƶûȻںܶ෽ȷУɱϾԼã˱ȣе㲻͡
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ַ˵ͷؽ§øˣ˵⵹ǡ֮ìܣܽýˣϾһϵģͦõġ
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аɡƶ˵˵ǺܾûоһˣġҲֹʲôֳѾˣҲܲȥ
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ܿ죬
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ΰҲʲô֪仰ĺʲô޷ǾǶǮѡ
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аɡ
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Ƕֶѣ÷εҡҡͷ漴ŭŸʲôӶ𣿡

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ͯͷʵܹˣҪƶͽˣһ𣬰˵ôãѾϷޣӦҲᵭɣζԽԽŨˡ
ŮǰҪ뿪̵ͯûʲôѾŮٱԹԹĶСƺСֵ⣬ζʵŨˣֱ۾

ͯҲ˻ݺݽһᣬеѹϣ˶ˣὫҲǼֱѽ

磬
ΰ̾Ƶ߸ԼϱȱЩôȻ͸˽򡢴󲮺ɣǿԽܣ͵һ˳ˮ飬Ͼ˼ʮһ̾ҲӦõġ
Ժӽ䣬
̸ηߣǺ̸ܿˡÿ˶һ㡣
ʵûа취
˴Щ˵УȻָõǮһ£ȻҪ̾ƴӳҪ֪
ţ
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ʱ賿ʮ㣬ºڷҹ
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ܿ죬
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ӣ
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Ҿ֪˿϶
ɲǼ䣬
ַŵûɢæתԴǸˡ
ʱ
źŹ䣬վд˷ŭ



İپʮ ţǣ
źΪԼùˣ֡ԼҪ磬ѾʼھԼǰˣûѪеңûб⿪򡭡Ҫ̵Щ̾ˡ
ַζеΣκܿɢˣ˿źϵĹ䣬ʱ׶ԷҲ߲ţ
ȿȣ
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źҪԡǰѾͳһսˣҪԼһݣ漴˵Ѿվһ𡭡ҪҵǷݺڵ
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ϡĸַ˵ĸЩ̾ƣ֡ɡô
ַĻκź˼һ£ȷĿǰΪֹҲĸϻ֮׿Խ⣬ĸϻ֮ڴǰһ򲻻ƫ̻κˣһжԹΪ
뵽
˶ַͬĽ顣
У
ȻѾˣǰ֡˻ȥɣտЩ̾ơַ˵

տЩֵʮ̾ƣ
ǼԵɣ
ַһտЩ̾ƣ˾Բͬġ
㿴
²ҹͰˡû˵СҪ㣬ڶ춼ûˣǸ
˵תͷ˱ϵź˵ȥɣҿСӡ

ôȥź˵һţһȥ˯СҲҪֹﹴһ𣬰ҵǷݸˡ
һʱ䣬
ٴγ˶棬ڹȲſھص
ϼҵȽϺ䣬ǰҹʱ򣬶ʱе㶳ùǺһŶǽǣʱַԼĿڴͻȻ˾˲٣̺һ
ţ
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ûַʵ
šεͷ
ǡҲûַ˱۰ͰͶԼź
̫ˡźε˵
Ƭ̼䣬
ַ¶һ˿޷׽΢Ц˺˵һһҪҪ


κźȫѣһδҲ̫˰ɣʲôҪһһôȥ
㡭
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У
ûҵԿףôַЦ˵֡ɣԥˣǽʣҹûһ̵飬ǿס𣿡
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ź˵СӱNɪȥ̣
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ȥ¡ֻҪ뿪ҾͺͰһǰˡַ˵
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źҶˣɵɵվԭء

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źȴô˼á˵硭Ҿַ˵öԣߵ˻ǿְܻҵǷݸˣԡҲߡ
ǡ
㡭ˡû˵ȥ
˵꣬
ξվӣ׼ؼ̣ոûͻȻͣ½Ųͷַźһ롭ͻˣû취ԼǷݱڡ
С֡
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С֣
͸һʱݣǲҲҪмһ£źʵ
ַ£ԥƬ̧̣ͷˣС˵Ҫһ˳һڰɣ񫡣
һ䣬
ַ׼Լ̻񣬼æЦѽЦģ֣ɣϽһ
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ţ
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ַȥǰ취Ծ鹥ƣʹԷ˷
СֵĻ˵˵Ŀѽֵ
϶̶Сʱ˾ʮ򣬶Ϊ˶ʮ⺮һϣȷе㲻ֵá

öԷռˣϡҲֵ
òֵ߰ɡź˵𶳸ðˣʱ췢վˡ

У
ұˣҲҪַ˵Բմˡ

յ峿
ƶˣıϵλã־Ȼˡ

ʲôʱģƶ͵˫ۣæӴùֻʱ䣬Ȼ˿̲ߵѡ
ʲô
ѵȥϲ
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ô£
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ҵŻ򿪣ƶΪǴӻˣԼ衣
СҲڣ÷ŮϣǿտҲλãʱüͷ
Ҳ
裿ǲǰҲڰƶʵ
÷ͷ˵ûҲˡ
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رЩ죬Ů˵̴ͯ绰ڲڣ
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ι
̷̣ͯڲڣƶʵ
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绰ͷһȡ

أ̼ͯæ˵ڰ
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꣡
绰ˡ÷˵
ܿ죬
÷ͽֻû˵أһͲˣСֺͺǲǸһ𣿡
Ȼ
绰ͷûκεĽͣ˵š졭Ȳ־ǣҺСֻкգ߲ˡ



İپʮ ƶǶ𣿣
ĳҽԺҺң
ҺոոԴһ룬ʱʹ࣬ҪҺУʱѾȫƻˣûôԡ

˵ˡܲʡģƶַߣ̾˿˵֡ɣ֪Ϊʲô̲ͯ°
ʵ÷ͯҲҪһɷŭôҲͲסƶ񳵣Ǹ͵ҽԺ˿̡÷ͯڴȲֵЩ̾ơ
˵ֶҲܼ򵥣ֱ͸ǡ

벻̾˿д˵һϡȫ͸ǡ
εĻ
ַźҲ꣬û뵽Ľģһϵļֻȴǿֶ飬ð顭汯磬ȴȥʮȻ󻹲ˡ
ʱ
ƶӵԼĵ绰ֻȼˡ
Сƣ
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˵ҪУеҪҲŻȥɻȥƶ˵ͣһ³ַ˵Һȥ
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ƶַߣԼһεı飬ԼȻҪһȹʵе㱯ڣôͼ޸
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ǡ
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ţƶˣϸ۵СĬĬ쵽ַĴȣȻݺݵһ£ȻҲ̫Ͼ׳ǲˡ
ϡַüͷŮˣСʵôˣ
ûʲôͻȻ뵱Ѹˡƶ˵

ַεЦЦ˵šмǸˣֺɻǷҶʮҪȥҪ
ʮ򣿡ƶüͷ΢΢һʱЩȤ˵ô£
һжҪһ˵𡭡
ţ
ַͨͼӴ˵ʱƶֱð𡭡
ҲɵŮˣƾַһϯ֮ԿɲäĿŷԡһ붼ǼٵģȻҲһһģԼϹ
ûپϷԼⷽ˲ٿ±ռȥܶˣȻ󡭡һһԨӴ޷԰Ρ
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ڲìܣҲŲȥ롣ƶû˵ˮλȥ㲻ܴҵ뿪򡭡Ҫÿ
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ȫϷɻַſųص˴ʱĴѾв½½뿪ˣˣû취ǳ̬
Ϊûѡʷ̿ԽԽĳУԽԽյũ壬ǲ赲෢չơ
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Сˣ
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ַæǰ˿ȻڴߣʵǸүү̣ʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô飬е㶫Ҫǡ̫̫Ц˵ģǰ費ͬ⣬Ѿˣ̫ҲҴˡ
䣬
վǰݣܿ졭һСгŮŮϣشصСС
ʱֺü֤

Ƿӡһһס̫̫ó屾Ȩ֤ݵԼŮϡ
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ʱ
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⽫ҪǲԲүү̵ݰ
֮
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ܿ쵽Һ
ƶ̾˿˵ҪӰѾ

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ţ
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⡭
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㽲һ¡ƶʵ㣡
һ졭𴲡Էҡӡҡ˯ҡַε˵ҵһ졭𴲡Է򡢱˯򡣡
ںӵһ졭
𴲡Է˯ٱַ˵͵͵Լϱͨ죬Ҫըˣ漴С˵û°ɣ
ɲǼ䣬
ǶҪˡ
ҡ
ƶǶ𣿣



İپʮ ȥġо
ƶһԼĸͣɵַȴԹޣôܣʱĴѾս˫ȭݺݵһȭ

վһ˵̫ݡҪԼȥչˡ
ϡַۣԼŴ˸סգ۵ֱð亹
ߣ
Դôһˣƶͣ˵ѵҳͺӣûˣ
а
ҪҡַС˵
䣬
ַͼƶֿ챬ըˣæ§סŮˣЦ˵ҿЦġȻڱȽϱ꣬δ϶һϸ衣
ƶ죬ַĻ֨֨ص˵Ϲںõδ᲻ΪеŮˡ
ĲġַæƭҺͺӣǿ϶ΪҺͺӷˡ㲻ܻԵ޹ǵġ
ַĻƶһۣû˵Ůӡҵһ㲻ģкӵĻһƤĶˣһҪչ㣬һҪչ˶ӡ
ʱ
ַı齥۾Ƴߣ˵šǿҪ˵ˣһߣҪһʱת
˲䣬
ƶݷ˺ϼŭܱܲ춢šҡҵġ
˵˵ţ
ƶݺݵصһַ˵Ųء׳ûûصģһ˵ô죿θôһʱ̰ѺӶô죿
ٺ١
ҵһģ㲻˽𣿡ַյƶĶߣ΢һ˿ɳƵ˵


ҶߴƶȻ˵ַʵȴر
֮
˾ͽ뵽ŨĽ׶ΣϧĴϾ⣬ǰַͱĥ˵ȥˡ

ܿ͵Ҫ뿪ӣ
ַƶϼҵǺ󣬱һز̤ϻе·;
ʱ
ƶڸʻλϣֻǰѶȻи˵Ǻ·ģȴԴ֮ԱǣΪֻֻ׵׵Ͼһֱֻ۵ġ

Inventiones Mathematicae淢һƪԹѧҵġƶ˵

ʲôݵģַʱȤʵ
ҿǸ΢ּ򣬶--׶˹뿭-˹̡̹ƶֻ˵ȶĹУ̡
ǳ󵨵뷨΢ӵķ̡ƶ˵΢ͣһ£΢˵СһꡭѾƸˣ߼𡭡ܽˮƽ
ʱ
ƶƺ뵽ʲô
Ϲ
Ǹѧķȥ𣿡ƶæʵ
ûСַҡҡͷȻ˵㲻˵ҹ귢һֱͷûж
Ȼȥ˾ͷƶ˵Ҳɸ߼ܽˮƽʱֱӳΪʵҸΣҹʵңҡһϿһ̥
ַͷӦһѾ޸ģʱֱϷˣҲµʱ䡣

Ҫѧˡƶüͷ΢Щˣ˵÷
ΪֻںϣֲҪдҵ㷳ʲôַЦʵ

ϰࡣƶС죬˵ǲϰֲУںܶ鲻ҿԾˡ
ȷ
Ĵݲ̫һǰżȻһ£ڸҪͣϾΪʵҵ˫Σϵѹɲǰ㡣

ˡƶ̾˿ε˵ҵɡ
Ѿߵַһ䡣
ƶһۣŭ˵޸㡭ɲͳѾߡ
ϣ
Ҿڸɻһ
ַп˵û취Ȼǻϣƶǻ̫󣬴֡

Ϊƽˣ

ǰһ·ûʲôϰ˵͵УȻֱǰĸңʱһӵĲˣһĿڳ
ܿ죬
ˣ
ַǰ࣬ʼϴ빤ݣƬ̺󡭡صԼţ˳ʱ;¶еˣַƶǰȥϢ
ִϴ裬һ߽ңͿڴͷǮ
үүĶʮ𣿡ַߵߣƿӣֱߣŤͷŴһźɫƱӣɢһ˿̰
š
ЩǮµġƶű˵
ַ죬һոµĳƱֿ۴С˵šܸܲһ㻨Ǯ
ƶҲû룬óŵݸԼϹȻ˵ʡ㻨

ٿ飿
򷢽лǲǣַû˵
䣬
ͻȻڴͷֻˣַһۣ΢ŵĺʾ붼û롭æֻʼַӵһϷԱģȽϾ޴Ǯ
ƶƳһۣ׳һëǮȻ󡭡ĸ֡ллϰ塯ͷ˳ȥֲһ䡮ףϰ彡

ıֱԻΪ
Լٿ飬˵Ǵ򷢽лӣ˸һëǮһллϰ壬ϰ彡
֮
˵ּۻۣȷǧ顣
ʱ
ƶѾɵַĻԼ˴һܰĸо
ʵ
ʱƶַһﶷǡȽ⣬гڲŸոŴǳȶʱﶷָʹ
ǡ
ƶ죬ǰԼɲ뷨ڸסֹµį
ò˵
ʮһżƺŴŮĵһ
ͬʱ
ַоеŮˣƺЩĺʼе㼱٣⿡εӷ˿˿ʣԡˣر
ôˣַʵˣ

ƶҧҧ죬߳ܣǿҡҡͷ˵ûУ
ϡ
˵ûءַЦ˵ı鶼Ѿ˵ˡ
ַĻ
ƶӵɬˣæԴĻߵ˵롭һ¹ȥָо



İپʮ ɱǼƻ
ڣ
ƹЩ
ַĻ˿̵ͨ첻ȻгڲܽﶷַҸЩҸﶷҪá
Ŷ
ȥĸоַϳЦ⣬˻ݺ׽Ūһ»ֻĥЦʵȥʲôоôʲô֪
ᣡƶֺݺݵһַ⣬ŭ˵㡭װɵǲǣ
ǡʲôַ֪һã˵
ƶ͵͵̧ͷۣдɻҧҧ촽˵ǡǡ
˵˵ţ
ֽĻеݣ˵ֲ֪ôʱסգŭ˵㡭϶ǹ׽ŪҵģϽʼȻȻˣ
ٺ١
šôÿκҷƢҶٿᣬֱ㣬߻ַס˴գס°ͣȻ󻺻̧˵Ϊʲô

ƶһ˿ĵذһۡ
ʱ
˵Ŀ۽һƶٴθܵԼеһԣһ롭糺΢΢תͷֱĿ⣬ΪԼ١
ַˣһ£Ųˡ
ٻƵķΧƣյеůͬʱƶտӺ
ƶڽŵԲѪ󣬷Եӿ죬Ӷúü
ȻַǾˣɾƿڼ߶֪
ã
ԼСʱ
ƶſַϣ֮ǰµЩ죬Ȼûзʲôȷʲôн̼
𡭡ƶüͷ˵ø硭۸вУ
šַӦһŲ˴ĺ󱳣ظţЦ˵šûз֣۰ֺŸˣ˸š
ƶһ£ûע⵽ֻǵʱеأΪԼ̫ûлˣԭǰ֮ǰĲŸ˸š
ΪʲôţƶҲ֪д̫ˡԼڸĸңɤ΢е㡭ôһЩЩ
Ҫ
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ַ˵ղͦѹֵģҿһֱǸ캰زʵ㡣
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һ룬
ƶֱſԼѪСڣȻһ¾ҧסĲӣҧһƺҧ˺üڣܳһɫӡǳ
ʽַϰΪֲˣ졭ʱ޷ߵ㣬˾ͿԼһɫİ֮ۼˡ
ֻǶݵģҸܰȴǳõģʱƶܷܷϸ֣ĵַؿϣȻʼ滭ȦȦ䣬ѾΪƶ
ʱ
ַ֡ΪʲôôϲΪģƴػȦȦ

ǴһȺðɡ

ԽԽĥˣ

ʱţ
ءˣͬʱҲʼ
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֮¿˺üϴԡģκŲ裬Ȼ˵Ȥ𣿡
а
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źҪȥ
ΰðѱٶ̫ˣе⧲ؼѱͬʱְѺڹ˦˹



һʮ òǻֶɣ
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ͱ˵˺̷ַҲ˿ʾϾʮĿ

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˵κźûκηԴǣΪʵˡ
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ֲǲ֪жپǿһҪַϰ֡ɵϸƶɬ˵תַʲôʹš
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֪˵ôˣƶСʵ
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ˡ
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֮ǰƶҲѡ񵱶ˣκΡϰֿһ޷ܾ۵һ¡˫̥һһ

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ƶ΢΢һϼ˼˵衭͡ͱǣˣҡ֮⡣
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ʵҲЩý˿ȣҪ֪κһƪScienceǡNatureѧƴͷˣͬʱҳǮʵңⲢ˵Цʵ
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ˡ긾Ůŭ˼ҷѧУôĹ⣬㡭㾹ȻֱӶ𱨣㻹𣿡
ҡ
Ĳ֪Уͷʹ˵㡭㡭ƶ齲ҡġ
Ƭ̣
ɿ֣긾Ůƶߣ˵ƶѽʲô飿

ĿԽ𣿡ƶҧҧ촽ǰ̣ʵ̡ΪҺַ
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һе㻰Ȩġ긾Ůͷ
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ţ
֪긾Ů˵ϣȫڷϹ飬ԺʿϹомӣ˵ʲôǹĿհףǹҴȵλ
ƶ˵ԴĬĬ˵šȷϹôĳͷҪ֪ΪĿѪľ
ʵ﹤ڼ鷿תһ¡͸֧Լ壬һ졭
Ϲڳϴʱ򣬺ȻεˡŵҶˣȻæͽҽԺҽҡϹΪڰҹ͸֧ԼľŻεġ
ʱ򡭡ҿڲϣ촽׵ӡľ񱻵һʹƶͣһ£µɵĵһ飬ǵԼ彡ǵǡʵȻ᲻󡣡
ƶ˵ͻȻ۽ǾۼһЩˮߵ긾Ů˵̡֪ʱжٵʹ𣿵ʱΪҪʧȥˣ
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⡭
С
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ڹһʡַ˸ѧš
ʱ
Уӣλ긾ŮԼֶŮĻŮԵһͬ˲䱻ˣҲʱԼϹæڹֱ۵ڰ칫ϣ֪ͨʱͱͽҽԺ
ƶ
ͺˡϸ룬γҸأ긾Ů˵ǰСֿɲˣҾ豧Թ˵ʲôŮһ÷춼ڻƵء
ڡȴôŬôбתۼ䶼Ϊȫȫ綼ĿĿѧҡ긾ŮЦӦÿġءԺҪһ£ɱôƴˡŬʱ嶼ûˣŬҲûʲôá

ʲôأƶ̾˿ĬĬ˵ҼϹôŬôƴûеõӦĻر
긾Ů£ʵʲôûлرôý崵⡭ûлرƶǲǶԼͷҪ̫ˣ롭ǰʲôӡ
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˵ǡƶ죬ĬĬ˵Ϲȡô˵Ϲ֪ģĻرĺ
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ƶȴߵ˵һȷϹȷˣǸ˻ǲĺãʵ̫ˣԸַҲģ
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긾ŮŭسԼϹСʲô
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ҡҲ֪Уε˵ҾͿСֵĽȻۡҲûȫȫʱȥᣬְָ͡ǩˡ
㡭긾ŮⷬͷҪˣŭԼֶŮôģ־ǩ˸֡ƶͦŴӣ˵һֵ⣬㸶ԲĴ𣿡
ʱ
õУԼŸѪͷϡдκΡ
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ʲôҪ󣬾;긾Ů˵
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岻ͬ⡣ƶ̾˿ҡҡͷ˰ɡͦõģԺַרְڼӣôŬҲûͬ
ϡƶţУʱˣ˵ɱɵ°ôСȥӣ㡭ǧôϿǵشʷΣ
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У˵ʲôҪ󾡹ᣬ϶߾ȫȥ쵽ġ
С
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⡭ЩΪѰ
Ϊ˵һ˶ʿоֱӳΪڣȻǽѧ͸ڣ͸ҲҲǳĿˣһ̡Уһʱ뵽ԥУЩ˼
ЩѰУĬãε˵Դﵽо͸ڵְƣЩѡ
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ǣ
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Ҫһɣ
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Уһʱе޲ߣȻƶǷ˭֪ǲǰҪȥⷢչҲȥˣһȥ߰ꡣ
ô죿
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һ˵һʵԼֶŮ˵һˣøְƶ´࣬ڵǰչʮ꣬ȫʸΪԺԺʿϾȫģȵġ
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˰ɣ긾ŮЦ˵ǲǿϹԷˣȥţ԰
䣬
Ҳûеƶͬ⣬ֱӾˡһ·⣬վڼʻλϣó

СӡϽҽԷȻ긾ŮԴһ˿ŭȴЦǺǵأ˵ȥԷ
ϡַ̣λ긾ŮæЦʵҡ
ʱ
ֻˡƶ
Է
ཡ
ֱӱҶˡ
Űɣ긾ŮַЦ˵Ȼһˡôš

ٺ١̣ⲻţǰšַһЦŻشһ˳ţ󡭡λ긾Ů߽˱ѾһˣǰԼҲΡ

ַͿСõУԼڶĴ
ַУ飬кϣַûкȾƣϾϻҪؼңˡǾǾƼݣոճΪнˣڶƼܽȥˣе㶪ˡ
ƶ
ַһġ
С֣
һڣôУʵ
ڣ
Ŷô۾¡ַŷ˵
Сӡ
Ϊں󡭡ҪиڵӣͼݵʱһԵȻ˷ͶߡУ˵Ц˵ҲûͶˣѧУ˶ߣرŮӵĿУǵ񣡡
ɲǼ䣬
ַͷƤѿˡ
Ϊ
Ѿоһɱ



ٰʮ Աַս
ȿȣ
塭㡭ɱַ̰æҡʲôʱΪǵˣҡֻƶϹ֊@ϧƵİְ֣˶ѡɱ˵ͥìܣҪģ
ϡҾ㽲УЦ˵ΪʲôôеҪҰ
ϻ
еĻϿܾҪеˡ
ַԴߵ긾Ů˵̡㿴ĻԾҺƶ֮ķ޹ϵ㲻˵䣿
Ȼַû뵽һվǱߵŮˣȴվԼϹߣַ˵С֡Ҿ˵öԣڵݲһˣδܶϵһЩջоͰŮˡ
Ϊˣ·࣬һСľҪС긾Ů̾˿ߵƶ˵ƶšƽʱҲҪһ㣬пյʱϿΡ
ƶû˵ĬĬص˵ԴȻԺѾڼƻνַˣʱ䡭ǽ

СȷеУп˵ǰôһ£顭֪Ҹ˶ٴƨ𣿵ʱŶѹģ
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ţ
ӻͷ𲻻ľδǰ;У˵ڸ顭һϸã֪ͨУְ񡭡ҪŰˡ
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ƶ˵ѾȫƻˣַΪʵҸΣʵҡҾ͡ǰıְÿҵΣˡ壬˵ѧУҪᵽԺλã
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ǡ쵼Կţ⡣ַԼż˿±ţ⣬Ц˵
˹һ͵ϣУ俴ַƶĺӣ֣ص˵ƶšûпǹδĺӼ̳ǵҵΪһλ¿еĹߣ
ţ
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顭ǽڣҲǽڣǼֱһμѻУ˵
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ַƶڻؼҵ·ϣַһԲĬĬؿųƵʱ򣬱͵͵һߵţһֱԡԼΪڣĳֵĵǡ
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͸㸱ڵְƣҡȥĵط㡭Լϱߡƶޱ˵ȻͬˣΪ޷е
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ַӲظһʺƨϧԷӡ
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ôܡ
ַʼ磬Ȼ˵ѽϹˣڵЩеûġ
·࡭ڵŮӲǰŮӵˡƶͣԴŴҹ˵ַҹҡҡҾ㿴

ַû˵ؿųֱѳԼСĵͣ
ʱ
תͷһƽؿŮˣֱ㶵ضҲû˵ʲôȻȴƶˣʶõʱҲ˼ңʱдһ˿˿ġȡ
ȷ·ȼе
ʲôƶҧ촽û˵ˡ³
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ʲôȻƶһۣʵ˵ʲôѽ
ȻĶˣʲôʱ򿴵һĶַ΢Ц˵
ʱ
ƶ˶뵽۵ĺУ޷԰ΡַܹһƬ

Ͻؼңƶһ˿⣬ַŭҹ̼ûгԱ
ϣ
Ҹ⽣
һΣַĻˡ

ʮ롣
ƶƽԣģʽԼòһʱ䡭üͷɽΪڶͷϡһŶȻΪеĹϵۼˮƽȽϸߣƤ֬ٷֱȽʢ
𶻶ǡδҲ̫ѿ˰ɣ

ôоԽԽѿˣƶ죬ϵļǰȣô˿е㳯跽ڷչôСأȫһˡ
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ͻȻһ̥ƶûˡ
ι
Ұֵ㣡ƶ˵û鲻𣿻ƤƤôΪǡһ㡭ƤˣƤСԺƨɣ

á
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Ǹ쵰ϵһģһϲ質ƶԼ¡Ķӣε˵˺ˡеܣ˹
֊@ϧƣܵԼ裬Щ䣬ʶû߶ӣƶõһ˿Ϣ
ʱ
ַŴӣһҡһڵ˽űƿӣȻڴͷϸŴߣ͸ӡ

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㶼˺üˣƶû˵ٿҲˡ
һ䣬
ƶתͷַ˵Ҫʵ˳Է
԰
ôַԨ˵ϾҴӦ˴ңˬԼ˻Ժһôʵң
š
΢߶һ㣬ϵһ㡣ƶͷӻڿʱŭˣ˵ҪԴԿøϸ㣡
𣿡
ַ£̧ͷƶŭӣεЦЦ˵ˡе󡭡

׳աƶۣ˵˯ˡ
˵꣬
˱Ȼ󱳶ַ
Ȼ
ʱߴַ
š
߻籭ô
Աַս



پʮ ڽ°
յ峿
ƶڰ칫Լ̫Ѩλһ뵽ϵľı㷺һΣǴúýһǸ׳գĻ£ֱ֡
࡭أ
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ʱƶĸо֮ʣϵˡ˼·ߡȻ׼ĸģæͲ
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ˣ
ǷһǽڣһǸڣʲôû˵ˡмҪ㣬ϹҪصִգȻ̱סˣҴ绰ߴߡ

æءҰȥŪɡƶε˵ϹͦеģûʲôɣڼϷҾͲ֪ˡ˵Ҫ̫շɴȻ顭ĵߣôô󣿡
ƶĻüͷһ壬æ˵ǲʲôǼʹϹҲ桭ϪϹҲ棬Ϲ滨˴šʮ򡣡
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ʵƽһ»ãϪϹʣµϹϹʮһ˾򡭡ɬ˵ڼϷܱÿȥȾƺðɣ
šǵǡƶͷԼѡһַڼϷַȥֳȾƣǿ϶ѡһ֡뻹ܿˡ
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⣡
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ƶ˷ۣʵҲʮλԱԷͻ˶ʮȻҪȥʲôüһ׬һ򽱽𣬵ͻһ룬Լ򼸸ÿİ

ҪҪСΰַСʵô˵أ
ⷬƶʱ˶䣬ϸЩ˵Ĵ𰸡Ȼƽʱôע˶ԼĿȻִˡǾ΢һ¡
ӦáӦôһҵİɣ
ƽʱЩֲʴԶȫƽˮƽʲôڡѧУһЩԼҲһЩ
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㵽Ұ칫һˣЩ顭Ҫ˵һ¡ƶޱضһ仰ֱ߽Լİ칫ңַվԵЩµԡҪˡ

ַַܷߣļС˵㰡ɣںˡԼŸţͲӦʡʵ̫ãÿ˶
ҡ
Ҳ¡˭ַ֪пصδҪˣΪҪʵˡ
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Ű̯Ӷˣܷʵ
ɡַͷĬĬ˵бΪҪΪԺĸԺʱԺĿйûоʵҡ
ܷͷ˵ȷʵȻĿβĽ׶ΡҲûд´ҵĻԳƫԽԽȻǸΡҲܹ̫ࡣ
˵꣬
ܷȻüͷ˵ǲǹģ

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ţ
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ƶû˵ַĦûáеıʣƲԴϹޱ˵ֹӡ˵ϵѣȫ򵥰

ٺ١ַεЦЦæ˵ⲻ˵߶һ㣬ϵһ㡣
ҡ
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ƶͻȻ¶࣬ݺݵ˵ûǮԼ취ȥ
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׳գƶ˷ۣĬĬóԼһпϣȻ˵ϴλеʱϰָǮҵա
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ιҡҿЦַЦ˵ˡæǸϱǹԷ
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ʵҼ˶εһ⡭⾿ʲô飿ξȻŭӣò˵ӵһƪNSCĵˣǲһĸҹ涼¡
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һȴôģܷҲƶͱȫһϷϾַҪʵңҪַŶȡ
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ǣȸˣ
סϣҡֹӣ򵥣

յ磬
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ѽַε˵ˡ콫Ҳȿ־ǣЩǶҿ顣
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һ·ϳֵģ˳ǼҶ³ϰ弱æܳ˵ŮʿʱˡѾȫ룬͵λĵ
šллַͷЦеضǰλ˵鷳ˡԹһˡ
಻࣡˼æ˵ҵңҲҲңǸڵ绰˵Ĺڷ⣬ΪѱȽϺʡ

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ǡǾʹôСʵŮʿۿ𣿡
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԰۵Żݼۣšλϰ屻˸ˣϾĴڣױʵҵĳԱǸʱⲻʲôġ
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ַȻƶϡ
ƶĴڣաеΣҶĬĬڲǰȻֻҴһ¡

ǡǲенˣַƳ˴ǵľ˵ⲻʵҡ棬Ȼ۲ͣͲҪںĳЩ˵ְλҶƽȵģ
䣬
ַޱƶСʵԲԣΣ

šҡʲô˼ɣʲôĵľ͡;İɡƶ˵
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û˸˵
ģ
½Ӱٷ֮ʮƶε˵
һ䣬
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ƶ죬Ȼ֮±·򡭡һǽÿ˵ĵӶ
ַ
ѵôõĻᣬʲôҪ˵𣿡ܷЦʵ
εĻҿʼˣַ˵˵Լĸԡ
ܵտϵַվӣ˵ǸʵҲûʲôԣǾáô˵أҡҲ֪˵ЩʲôҡǸֿԸıˡ
Ƿʽ߼˼άĿꡭյڣ;ѡ˷ΪͻȻ֡ʽ߼˼άԸı磬ȴ޷ıҡ
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ڷʽ߼˼άУҵԼµ򡣡ַʼ磬Ц˵վȫĹͣҳɹأҲΨһء
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һʱ䣬
˶ãˣȫַ֪ڽʲô
Ȼַ֪˵ʲôҵģ˶ΪַǷơ
Ȼ˿̡ƶҧҧ촽ü͸¶һ˿˿İ⡣
󱿵
ҲŬȥΨһ

ֲɫظһԼĶӡ
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Ҳǡ
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½ʼ˵ע˲ϣ׷ӿԡ
ãЩƽƽĲȣֱ̫ζˡ
ϾⶼǮ
ųţ
һλۼŮʿȻַӵʵַⲱô£񡭡˺۵ġ

ƶԴȻӣεЦҧġ
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ϡӶȻҧڱϵһλͬ£ıȽϽַĲӲ˵ǱҧģЦ˵ǲĸӣ
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һλµͬ£ߵַߣϸ۲һ£˼˵ôоǱҧģһŮšӵǣ
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λۼŮʿüͷ΢΢һ壬˵ַҪԺðҪĺ꾫סˡ
ϣ
ѵģַұߵͬ£Ц˵ַڿˣŮĿеİӣòŮĽַҪ򻨴вմƬҶ⼸ܣ

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һ䣬
λͬ¼æƶ˵ǸΡᡭ㡭ûйϵҡǸڽ
ɲǼ䣬
ƶͷƤҪˡ



پʮ ˣĸŮ˿ס
ΪڳΨһ֪ˣܷԼͬǵⷬŵòûˡò˵ǵΪȻűŵ棬ߴٵλЩŮʿѱϹ¡
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ַǶôķŭһƽ٣µĽǰٷ֮ʮ¸¶۵ġ
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ǡҲòˣȡЦַˣ˼óôǮͣǻȡЦеˡܷΪ֪ߣ֪ȥԼֵܿҪƽͣʬˣæֹ⡣
οڣһҲֹֹͣЦѻµķ򣬱硭ѧһЩǰأϾڳĶǴĹߣԼĻ⣬ǷǳĻ
ַû˵һ͵͵۲ƶ沿飬һϸЩ˵ĶԻȻʱַĳЩͦջģΪ֮˷ָʱⲢǵĴ
û취˲ŶЩԺԼУˣʣµЩǲôȴˡ
˵ǲпģΪԴȺоĬĬŵģûʲôͻĹסȻǡǡˣҵļ
ȻЩʿ˫ֵ𾴺;˱Ƚиˣû֪Ƕʲô֣Ҳû˻ʲô΢룬ȴӵĹס
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ܷЦ˵һܡʵַͲμǵÿĿȻû֡ȴҪã⣬ַġ
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һλ뵽ʲôԴһ˿ȷ˵üǵáѧϵһƪģַ֣ҲȷӦǺƪİɣ

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šַͷһ߳ŲˣһߵȻ˵ֻˡ΢á
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ô
Ⱑ۾Ůʿû˵ˡĸŮ˿ס
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ƶһ飬ǰˣĸŮ˿ס޲õ

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ȥһµġַε˵ǽҶҪϰ࣬Ҫ͵˽ˣȴԺʱˣ١پһô
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ȥûáʣַƶܷ壬ԭܷȥˣڱģ
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ؼңƶ˵ϲŪ㣡
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Ūң




پʮ եǮե
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˱иַЦЦĬĬߵرסյĶߣ˵šڲšߵ룬Ҫȥ̳ôþûˡ
˵
ԭѾŭѵĴⷬ󡭡ʱúתɲ׾ͷŹС졭˵Ϊҹ֣͡ԭ𣿡
ٺ١ʲôԭԭ£ⱾҸ֣ԭûйϵַ§ס߹̵Ů˵㶼ûʱȥ֣ýʱˣҾ㣬̫á
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ƶ죬ԭȥִӵţʵ̫ˣ漴ŭǡǾͿʼɣ
ϡ
ŮѽѾˣôĺÿɰ
ƶһ֮ǰķŭֱַۣüһ˿ϲãʼԼĹ֮ãǰƶ޷˵سݳƷдѣΪȴĸӤ

Ӥƶַĸ첲ָָ˫ӤʵոպáԷؼĴռ󣬿ԷŲٵƿ
šǵĶӸŮθڿ϶ܴӤǸոպã򣿡ַüͷ˵Ҫ°꣬õ˺Բ
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סķôСôܷŵЩƶ˵ȿȫ׼ʱܿġתۼҾ͵ԤڣʱȥðЩ
ǣַæͷЦ˵ŴӢȢšֱҸˡ
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֪ƭҡƶַקĸ첲¸ȥתۼ͵̷ѾѧϰӤ֪ʶƶϸѡ̷ۡ
Ҫǻǰ϶ʲô֪ʲôһ׶ףѾΪרҡ

DHAARAӤ׶ĴԺ۲ҪĴٽáƶĳ̷ۣæַ˵ԺHAARA࣬άغͿʺ⡣
ַƳһۣ˵ǼһҪ̷𣿡

һ㣡ƶַû˵ú˵أ𡭡ַ񾭲ʲôǼһҪ̷ۣǲǷϻĻ˼ҲҪ򣿡
һŶַЦ˵㡭Ӫ˷ḻȶȲ꣬Ҫҵ㻨ǸԩǮʲô
ƶøۣŭ˵ӪٷḻҡҲ㡭
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Ȼ֪˽ǿӲʱ򡭡ҪǿӲһ¡
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ĸӤѾ˰Сʱƶַĸ첲ǰװԼϹ򼸼·رǴӡüһǼӣƤˡ
ɫĲ𣿡ƶüͷû˵һҪѡɫɫģ
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𣿡ַ˵ҾͰɫġ
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ι⡭ʲôʲôѽַεصûйϵֻǵؾúÿ˶ѡ
ˡҪʲôÿƶ
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Ѿ˲Ǯƶ˵ҪԼһ£Ͼкˡ

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Ȼ֮ǰԲ򣬵ǵôݳƷǰƶĶе㴥ַ֣ԹԽ뵽ݳƷĺУʱƶ͵͵Ƴַ
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ôô˰ַСʵ㡭ʲô

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ι
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Ůû¿ģַæվӣϵһλŮ˵¿ģ
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类һأ

ڻȥ·ϣ
ƶżֵʮİ͵͵Ƴڿַ졭˵˵ġȥˡȴҰһų

˵ȥûҵǮեˡַʹ˵ǮûеأİúڡϷˣѧʲôСᡭ
ƶֻⷬҧŭ˵ˡҡҲҪեǮҡһҪեأ



پʮ Ůƾʲôռַ
峿ַ̫ƨϣڴͷֻˡַʵ˫ۣĬĬذֻˣ𴲸Լ緹ʱ򣬷Լ
ؿȻڵò͹ȥȣһĸı䣬˶ˡȥ־գȴɢųĵϢ
Ψһûб仯ľƢˣԼǰԸ񣬻ȥ·˵ʲôҪեӡȴغźø绵磬ԼʲôϹϹ֮Ļ
֮󡭡Һ÷ӵĸЧã򡭡ֳЦˡ
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ַ֣زƶ㷢˵Ⱑû㣬ˣûᰮ㣬ˡ
ƶַ֪ԼǳǿԽάȣԽ˹ٶȣ˲ͬһ磬ȴͬһˣò˵ĺ档
ͻȻƶ죬۾Žߵĳˣ˵ڸ˵黰𣿡

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´˻˴˸Էι˵𵽷黰šַ𴲸ƶ緹ûã˱ڲǰͣʱȻ뵽ʲô

пհǸĲ꣬Ȼ󽻸ƶ˵ĸְƻһʱȥͽʱ䣬ѧĸ
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ʲôƶڶ淢㶵Ϲ˵ǲڴŮ⣿Ҹ㡭ԺŮյǮҪǸһëǮҡҾҪ
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ַһʧ䡭Ȣ̫Ҳã˵еŮ˲ɵôôôĴ

ƶ͵ѧУ˸绰ѯ飬Ȼ㿪ųǰеĳȻ;иͨ˻ǰк
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˫ȴ΢΢ʹ˯еƶüͷʱơһʹԽԽǿңֱӰѴˣξʹƶʱ˽С

ƶæߵַߵ˵Ѱ
ѵַʵ˫ۣʹƶһҲеʵôˣôˣޱޡʲô飿
ҡȺ۰ƶʹ˵۵ܲˡе㡭е

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ҹһ룬
ڲϵƶԵеΡͨҽļжϣյĽǡƽʱûж˶һֱɳϣʹ֢״ֻҪѪҺѭȻ󲹳ˮɣͬʱҲвơ

ȻһᣬƶиоַԼİ⣬һŨŨİ⣬ӼﵽҽԺι̣ĳۡ

أƶ۵ƿüͷǸһ˵ȥ̣ⶼȥˣѾ˰ƿ˻ûлȥʲôˣ
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ԭ۵ĸоŭί棬ԼҪʱ򣬽˲ˡ
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˯һڵɳǼԣƶ죬˵
˯ɳַǺ⣬ľ飬˯һϣڶ졭ǾͻܲˣȻԼȥ˯

ϸ롭Լʵԩ
ʵĴŮǰǿԼӵģ˵ʲôΪǵҸڶ·ʲô鶼ûУԼȴһɧһͱǲˡ
ͻȻֻˣùֻһߣǸ쵰ġ
˭ƶʵ

񳬡ַش
ӣ
Ȼᣡƶ˵
Ŷ
ַͨ磬Ȼᡣ
ٺٺ١
ָ磿񳬼Цû˯أ
šַȻ˵£
Ǹ
ָ磡
ָɫ˼һѧãС˵Ҹ㽲ϵĴһѧãǳǳ㡭ģòҶ֪ôˣ
ַ͵͵Ƴ۴Ѿˡ



 Ǹĸҹ桭ˣ
ԭַͷʹôܰϵĹ˦ˡʼҲ뵽ѱ䣬ǰˣ롭Щ˲ǡ֮УԼΪ˸ڣе㲻á
û뵽Ȼ˾Լʱ򡭡񳬴绰ˣȻŴԼᣬǸ򿪿ھǹС飬һ˵
ʱ
ַѾƳ˴ɫЩáŭҲףֻ޷ǳױŭʱһƣǰúõڸӡ
ѽַ̾˿ε˵ʲôԭǲЩС˵Ҽ΢ţǸŮѣ
ٺٺ١ָӢֽӢҲּʹģЦ˵ûûֻҪֽڼǼС΢ţǾʹӦҡԼĺù۽ʶ
˵ꡭͣƬ̣ŵָ硭ˣٰһɣҡδҸȫָˣֻҪָɣҪԺҺɵô

ûǮַû˵Ѿ˶ٴΣΪΣЩ쵰΢ȫƸҵŮӣһһſĻҾˣ

ָ磿£ãʵʲôʱеţôʲô֪˵ҲûпʲôָôͻȻ֮ðţ
ƶƳֵַָ죬ȻԼֿǣָ쿪ʼԼȨȫĺ꾫⡭ѾҸռˣ
ҽܾ𣿡ַû˵ҽˣСٸˣһ֪Ļҿܻڶ̫

֣ôַ飬Ц˵Ҳšңɩ˭ʲô֣ʲôģһɵںҡ
ʶַȻ˵ԺϵĽڣһҵΣʵҵΣ̬Ȩרңƶš
ɲǼ䣬
ƶסˣֵؿԼϹһôô͸߱ˣǵڶҪַ죿Ȼ绰ͷ񳬣ĬãͻȻЦ
ַˣ绰ͷ񳬣ѾЦĨˣ˵ôܷǷޣЦˡǣֻˣ˳Ҳˣ
Ϊʲô
Һβܽ𣿡ַЦʵ
ܣ˵ȡѹͶ˲Ȥֻˡֵﲻڵģָ硭˵öԲԣ
ַסֻĻͲյƶĶߣʵţأ

˳ĻһȻȥƶû˵
Ƭ̣
ַɿ֣Ц˵ǡû

ǿĸҹ棬ǳײУܵˣЦָ硭ǲ
š˵öԣַͷ
䣬
һɾҵʹϯȫ۵ַȫ鴤ſԼϵĴֻгŷŭĻ棬·ҪԼһ㡣
У
ָ硭˵ʲôݣСǿδҵ֧ѧԺԺʿҪŵˣؼ㻹ôᣬô˧ôܻŮ˽ġ
һʱ䣬
ƶɵɵſַϣ֪ӣȻûӦֿʼˡ
ָ磡
һƯ󺣵ĹۣνֻһС죬һԴҪݽߵĵ죬ôΪôһС½Ц˵Ҹ㽲һѧãһ־
ⲻϾҪ·ݣҪżˡȾһµѧҪӿһ˵㶮˼ɣ
Ҳ
ҰַæҺܰҵţҲԲ顣
ϣЦ˵ԽԽˡ˺ˡָˣϰǼѧõ΢Ƹ㣬Ȼһ¡ˣһҪӣ
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ֱӹҶ˵绰
˿̡žһƬַ͵͵ſŵŮˣޱӣҲ֪˵Щʲô
Ůˣ
Ů𣿡ƶַݺݵʵ
ǲǣַæҡҡͷ˵ôŮأԶƯģ

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һΣ
ַĬĬţ䡭ŮǶô⣬ƶҲ޷ħ䣬һŭü͸¶һ˿Ρʹˡ
Сɵϣ
ַظƶĺ󱳣˵ôܲȥأ
ƶС죬д˾ǿ˵ҪҲϣ

ѽַЦһ£ε˵㲻ҪҲѽͺñѧڶɵĲԡ˭޷ıġ
㷢û
ǶΪȥǺԶʵڻͷȥƺǺܾ֮ǰˡַп£ǵĺӾͳˣʱ䡭ÿ졣

ƶſַϣ졣
»ܲпᣬҷġһȥĹУһֱԴַŴ㷢Щ΢Ц˵˵Ӳʳԣ
ƶ̧ͷǰˣԼŭԼ꣬ԼжԼҸˣҧҧԼ촽ſϣš
ƭӡ
ҲŲءôҡƶһ˿ŭ˵
һ̣
ַصĸˡںˣ̫ˣ

ô˵΢ЩŮӣЩС˵ǿģƶʵ
ɲ
ҲҪһҪңԼвҡַε˵ֻܵˡģҴġ
ʱ
ַֻˣӦ񳬷΢š
㿴
ˡַЦ
ƶ˷ۣСʵǲˬѧУܵôŮǵĻӭ
ٺ١
һ㡣ַЦ˵ôһ˵ġ
ߣ
ҾС
Ҿռǿ
ҾҪΪһ˵ģƶһ˵
˵꣬
ƶ׹һ֣ݺݵ˵СǡҪúý
ʱ
ַ·𿴵һͷ˺üĸϻԼ׼¶Լ

Ǹĸҹ桭ˣ



һ ѣָ磡
յ磬
ַʵңһžͱʵҳԱǵΧ£ÿ˵ЦݣϾַʵҴĺǿ֪֪ҲǳĿǰʵѾΪ˹ڶˮƽ
ֽڣ
ϡȫż񰡣һλĿйЦǺǵ˵ʷһˡͶ߰һԱһԾ˾ĸڣ⡭Ǩٶֲ̫ˣ
ǰǰ
˵㶼Ϊ˸ڣǲǸáͣһλԱ˵
ϴҲ𣿡ַʼ磬ε˵Ժ˵ɡֻһˣܸ߼Ĵѣûʲô˵ʵֲֻһڣʮ߼Ա
һ
ţˣһλоԱ˵NSCģʲô˿ԷģһǿϷĴڣҿ϶
һ䣬
λоԱС˵иСϢβǼελ˵ʵҵҪѡˣΣôʵˣôι
ַܷһ£˴˿۶ԷӶԷпһ˿˿ãɻ
㡭֪ģܷʵɱ˵
ܸΡ涼ڴΰѱ涼ȥˡλоԱ˵ĻܸӦʵҡ
ܷüͷ΢΢˵ǲǡļû֮ǰҶۡ
˺ˣ
˭ӹܶһַЦЦ˵˵أ
ڡʵҴһ̱״̬û취̫æˣǿΣʵΡڳһλŮʿ˵ơ첻ɡ
ַͷʵ֪ƶڣֻʶѡ
֮
ȺɢȥҶæԼĹַڰ칫ǰڽǸϴκƶ˵һģͣʱܷ岻֪ʲôʱַߣ˰

ôѻˣܷ巢ַָϴһָӦǻ䡭
űƵġַһŸֲһε˵ⲻԴҵƪĻ˺ž͡쿪ʼɹȻϴξ۲͵ʱǿҴָȨ

ޡԭˡܷЦ˵³׳ܵջ󣬱ʱӴŲĲŹأȻ£Ϊʲôֱӹˣ
ù
ʱӰ̫ˡַ̾˿ĬĬ˵Ժ˵ɡ
һ䣬
ָָĻϵģͣʵ㿴öģ𣿡
ģͣ
ģܷͣƳַĵĻһǿӶԹɵķ̬е㲻ϷЧ߼æ˵ǿӶԹɵķ̬ɡŲ̫񡣡
ǿӶԹɵķַ̬Ц˵Ҵǿ̬ϵͳԵĽ͡

ʲôܷ循ֵؿַæѹԼߣСʵҪٵľѣͬˣ
İ
ûͬ⡭Ūʲôģ͡˵ַվӣЦ˵пҪȥˣһȻ裿
ܷ˼£Ҳûʲô飬ԴӦַ
š̰ˡ
ͬʱ
ĳڡ
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ڱҵĴ磬ôˣͨǶ٣ƶһݱ棬ޱ˵ûддǳϮ
ƶȻǵһҵΣͬʱҲϵıҵĴ磬ѯġҲûʲô⡣
֮
صĽڣԼСЩѧǵĻƶ˰죬һ˿üͷ
˼
񶼺ƶȻ˵Сܡϰرҵѧңҳһֵѧǲʵ
ƶĻڳ˲û⣬Ȼĵĳɽ֯Ȼаٷ֮嵽ٷ֮ʮıˣȽвأûٸר
ڴ֮ǰѧУһԼ졣
ǲʹˣ´󼪣ģҲˡ
ܿ죬
һݽҵƶϡ
һ¡ѧͻ飡
񳬡¡ǡ⡭

ĳѧᣬ
񳬺ԼͬǣڴϺ˯Ȼĸ˶ѾͨĴ磬Ϊ顭ʹѧУֱ·ż١
ͻȻ
ֻˡõֻͨ磬Ժʵ˭ġ
񳬣
²ˣ
ҡˣԷ˵

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ϣ
ϵļ飬ҵˣˣԷæ˵
Ĭ˰죬񳬲ΪȻ˵оͳ¡ĻôҲʷϹ涨ġν⡭鲻飬û⡣
ɵ
ô򵥣һ绰֪ͨ𣿡Էû˵εģˣ
ɲǼ䣬
ԭǻ˯񳬣ͻȻ;ѣһվӣд˾ʧ룬µʵľԵǸ
ϻ
ĸˣһβˣ
ԷͣƬ̣ĳ˵񳬡أ
ཡ
ֱӸҶˡ
ʱ񳬣ԼĴϣ񣬱ͣü˾
缸˯ˣˣ񳬼æС飬˵ǡҪˣ
Ƭ̣
ʵ˫ۣɻؿ񳬡
ǡĸ˵ģθˣҪǵģ˵
һ䣬
˲ҡ
⡭
ĸҹôͻȻҪˣڳһλͬѧʹ˵ֻĸ
û
ˣε˵ô죿
ӦáӦûɣλͬѧС˵˵ֻҪڱ׼֮ڣûʲôһ۱һۡ

Ц
ڼ飬ڡĸҹ棡һλͬѧû˵ĸҹʲô㶮ġһŶܴ
һʱ䣬
žϢ
᲻ᡭָĸҹǷޣλѧԴС˵ϳӴ绰ڶϾͱˡ
ܣ
ԲܣһȻ˵Ȼָǰͺĸҹʶָôᣬô˧ôвŻôȢһĸҹ浱ţ

˵Ҳǣ
ָ棬ôŮΧƣ΢һˣȥȢһʮ꣬Ƣֱĸҹ档
㵽ңüͷ˼˵Ҫָ˵˵飿ָϣĸҹͿܷŹˡ



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磬
ĳڡ
ַƶԷ˸ոյˣʱַ̧ͷǰĴСʵţǲѾʵҴεļϽѧУ߲ˣ
ţ
ô֪ģƶ˵Һûи㽲ɣ
ι˶֪ˡַʼ磬ε˵ʵҵĳԱǣѾ֪ʵҪɱ˹͸ѧУһЩ顣
𣿡
úÿ졣ƶԴ˵ûʲôȻ˵ô˵
ûô˵͡һַ̾˿ĬĬ˵š˵ҪҪĿһˣͻȻе㡭֪ô죬ˡҿܻᱻ˵ʲôȨˣ˾ͱ֮Ļ
ƶĬã˵ǻǱ𿪳ˡ۵ѹһ֮أһˣ΢ͼӴһ£군ˣվڷ˼⣬СΪ
ʵ
˵ַ󣬻ЩĲջ⣬һ㡭ǾǵվôߣˤĻǾǷǡ
ַ˼ãջԼŵĻʱŹЩˣеĲģ翴ʵҷǳĸߴϣƪNSCģȻʵѾǧٿס
ر۱⣬ء
Ѿھ۱Ӱ죬û취˼Ѿ裬޷ı䣬֮ǳҪ˲ţͬʱǳų˲š
ʲôأƶԼϹüͷ˼ģʵ

롭νǰʵҽһЩ⡣ַŬŬ죬п˵ȥҾӦҪʵҵĳԱǣٵ˴򽻵鷳һЩ򽻵Ĵ⡣
ҡַûнֻ꣬ˣ񳬡

ʲôַüͷε˵СôͻȻҵ绰ˣ
ƶ̧ͷԼϹȻ˵ͽӰɡ
䣬
ַͨ磬û˵ôˣ˵ǼСô춼ңǲҼʲôŮ΢ţӲӡʲôˡ
ָ硭С˵βʲô΢ţǸ⡭
ʲôⲻ⣬ǲǵġл˵ƨͷšַε˵ҸųԷء˵ˡ

ָ硭Ϸ̫ѽǲǺγԷΪַںЦЦ˵˵飬йϵǸͻ飬Ҹһˡ
һˣַ£Ƴޱ飬ȴƶãʵֲǹġôͰǸһˣ
ϡ
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ã
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Ŷ
йϵ𣿡ַʵ
ָ磡
ĸҹϵȽϺãܲȥ˵˵飿뿴ָϣĸҹܡ̧ˡС˵ôָ磿
ãַϵȥ

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˵ȼյԶɷҪˡսʿҸѵٸһѳȹ񳬿ధˡǰɣȾȴɽĺӡ
һʱ䣬
ַе㲻֪룬Ϊûκһϲħ޵ˣԾܾͳȹջ
ģַʵ
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㻹ǵЩװ𣿡˵ǶҺģ
ʱ
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㣡
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˵꣬
žֱӸҶˡ

ˣַֻŭ˵ȻҡôΪǮԼꡣ
ƶ˷ۣüԴһ˿Ц⣬ʵǲ˵飿ҷŹǰСӣ
ɲ
ġҾԲǵ󣬾ѵڲϣҲǡ˵ַͣһ£ε˵šıЩСӸˣȻ󵶼ڲϣ㡭᲻ӦԷҪ󣿡
ⷬ
ƶ֣סַ֣˵Ϲȥɣһչ˺úӵģСҴӦ㡭ļޡ

ǡô
ַŭƶ˵飡
ƶ˷ۣû˵ұ˻ٷҪһǧô죿
ַ˼һ£ʵֽˢ
㣡
ԡƶ˵
Լ˼侲ֹ
ַ죬۴չ˵ɡҵĿ622XXXXX
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Żûֱ꣬۱ݺݵסˡ
ϡַۣһߵ˵˴ˡƤ˲Ƥˡ
ߣ
ƶһۣؿַĬĬ֣˵ſù

ҡġַС˵

ƶЩߵ˵Ϲһһˣ˴˶Ѿ֪֪סʱƨһҾ֪ʲô˵ʲôģʲô˼
һ䣬
ߵıЩݺݵ˵ó

ַСⱻûˣ滹򣬲ִӲû˶ģΪ֮һ֪ܷһ
ʱˡʼ緹
ڳԷʱ
ƶĿһֱַǻ۾ӥһϬޱȡ

ԼûС⣬˵ʹϾС˵֮ǡղûκεı飬ǳƽ֡
ѵ
ţ
϶
һԲѼһԻС⣬ֻԼʱûзֶѡ
أ
һˡԼǮأ



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ҹ
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ַ鷿Լĺֵǿڣƶ͹ȥһڴͷûиСһ̥̿Σƽԣѻ˵˽Ǯλá
Ȼƺÿ˶ˣ˽Ǯλãûһ˹λãһô˽ǮĴڡ
ʲô˽ǮĽ˽Ǯ
ÿһѻ˲˽ǮΪ˸Լ׼һСϲž飬ÿ˶ҪһԼĿռ䣬̫ʩѹͻߡ
˽ǮСϲ
ƶͷ˼죬Լʲôϲ𣿺񡭡ϲ٣ǲôҪǮľϲڻǮľϲƶƳһֱǸ߰ʮİ

ⲻǾϲ
ƶ֪ôģȻʱԼû˵һ仰ֱ㶵ص󡭡ѹŸԼģ򡭡ˡ

ǲ̫ʧˣϹ˽Ǯ޷ƿءƶ̾˿
ʱ
ҵŻ򿪣ַһ߲ͷһȥԼųüӣʵôһӣǲǺֵƤˣ
ƶû˵Ƴһ˵ǲкܶ˽Ǯ
ǡʱ򣬲ձû𣿡ַε˵޷ġҪɾ
Ҳţƶ˵һ϶˲ٵ˽ǮҾҸҴģһǮ˵Ǯˣ

ûУַɬ˵㲻šֻҪڼκһ䣬ѵһǮǶġ
ⷬƶʱţƢӿǿ˵ߡҾͲˣڵߣҲҪ˽Ǯڳ϶͵͵˺ܶǮ
˵꣬
ƶʹӴЬ׼߳ңոյſڡͷַ˵һҲ̫ܶá

ôģַû˵ԼԼ˽Ǯ
ʲôϽ㣡ƶС죬˵ָҷ׼һˮ㣬ʱ̻ᶢ㣡
գ
ַȼ뵽ѰԼ˽ǮС
֮СʱƶұĽǽ䣬ʼûзһǮļôãѵûв˽Ǯôܡô᲻˽Ǯأ
㿴ҸʲôִַԼʼ磬̯̯֣˵ѵǮϣ
ǲӵһƶAεԪڴƶ˵ȻǮȫ˿ڴôڼһǮûҵ
ϡ
ҵŴˣַЦ㾿ôǲǻˡӵӪȫˣ

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ŮȥıӰַ¶һ˿ЦݣЦеһĵ⣬ò˵˺ϣԼĲǣôġĵط

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ƶڰ칫ңԼӣ˼żﻹЩطԲǮȻ˼ȥ벻ԲǮĵطұÿ䣬Ϊʲôûзأ
һԿ϶쵰Լ˺ܶ࣡
ǮôģƶſԲµǻˮû취ȻżĲȨǮĵط̫࣬ƽʱԼ̫æĿˡ
һҡִӾͳ룬͵͵˿һ㡣
취ϰù

ϰ֣
ƶͻȻˣæֻͨһ룬Ƭ̼䡭绰ͨˡ
ι
衭ҡƶ˵æ𣿡
ææոտûᡣӵŮĵ绰÷еСģЦʵôˣǲǺԽԽƤˣ

ŮԽԽƤǲҡҽ㡭Ϊڡڡƶ죬С˵ҷַҲ˺ܶǮ
÷Ĭһ£ЦһΪʲôأԭΪ飿˲˽ǮǺֺɣ˽ǮصøӶࡣ
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ǰҵνؾͲˣǡƶ̾˿ĬĬ˵ַΪȫƳĶ󣬶ҡܶŮӷǳѧУЩŮǣһһǮͻͻᡭ

÷ԼŮҪʲôʵΪַ˽ǮΪں£չ¶ŻС֣ĳһ뿪Ͷ뵽˵Ļ
ǰСĬĬڡѾΪƳĶǲŮĿеİӣ򡭡Ůô˽ռôǿ뷨ԶռС֡
뷨ûд
κһӶϣɷĿУֻһŮˡⲢ˽ǰ̫ˡ
ʱ𣿡÷ЦʵеҵĴʹŮˣ˳ġ
š
һ¡ƶ˵
ã
ĵ㡭ҹ㡣÷˵

У
ĳ̲һСڣﾭӪŸ߼ʽ㣬ܹ޼Ǯܽ
ʱ÷Ů棬ظĶӣҸЦݡ
񡭡ִһ㡣÷Ц˵
š
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֪˵ʲô÷ջ֣ǰŮ˵ǰСֵĲŻĲŻ֪㵣ˣôˣ뿪ǲǣ
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Ⲣǹڿʣǰƪ״ᵽһȫµĸǰ˹NSеĿԻۣϵһϵͳУѧеЩӦõУԴĳ⡣
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ǰԼĺýֱĶԴеԹڡֻθУַΪʲôסԺʵ𰸷ǳļ򵥡
һƪıɳ۵򶼷˱仯ټĳЩýǵȾŵٶȴ̳ϵˤ˸ǣ֪ʱǶô
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ֿʼ˷Դˡ



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ƶ˷ѱԴҲһˡȻǺܶ࣬ʱʱֻƶΪգƽʱһڼҲˣʪëԲһ£ϵĻ
ַ֡ţȻѾʪˣʱݷһ˿糺졣
ȥҰɫëùƶ˵

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ͷƶ߳ŭ֣ݺݵһַĴȣŭϽȥ
գ
ַںܲԸ£ȥƶרëȻڴͷزšġ
ţ
㡭̫˷ˣַû˵Ȼͦԣġ⡭˷ѵЩ֣ᳫĿںǸԼ٣˷ѿɳܣΪŮˣŸɡ

ҽЩеûģҲġƶ˷ۣû˵ϲ⡭ʮˣЩеûģ޸㡭ǵù
ַЦ˵֮ǰ˵޸ҺҸôֺܵùˣšҸǵù
һҸһù𣿡ƶһۣëݸ˵ߡˮϴ飬ȻԭĵطҷšһҲˡ
Ŷ
ܿ죬
ַϴëɻص˴ϣƶûйǱ˯죬ĬĬشȥסһķ
ʵ黹жòŽƶʵ
֪һ߾ȫʱġַ˵˵оܲܵõŵ
ô֪Ӧҵģһŵƶ˵ǿ̬ͳһͣȻǰأǡȱ㱬ըԡ
һ䣬
ƶĵַĻ֣˵ŵĿҪºͱըԡ
Ҽǵáȥ귢ϵĵĳ壬ԼصڶǰҲѧꡭѧýˡַ˵
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ȻˣַԴǵ˵һŵҿҪˣһŵҲٴˡ
ߣ
ţҲŰƶһϢŭٶֶšȥɳ˯
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һ죬
ַ˰İ࣬ԼǰҽԺͬʱȥ뵽ڵϪĿЩܿͽˣŷϪڵķ䡣
ôˣϪַƶε˵ƶҲôˣܹʲô
ѽƶͦŴӣַĲ¼ѵϪߣʵԤʲôʱ򣿡
һҡϪ죬һ˿ŵ˵ҡں£һ뵽Ҫһδʹ٣ʮСʱüСʱҡҾ;÷ǳĿ־塣
ƶο̾͹ȥˣ㿴Լĺӣͻһжֵˡ

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ǣ
ϹȷСϪЦ˵

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ι
ǻǲǽˣƶŭʵܴʹܴˣ
һû˵ء
Ҿðɡӿ϶ϹŮ㣬ȻҲ⣬񡭡ǶĻǾˡϪЦ˵롭ְʱʱˣСӵСӣؼ

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ϪһЦ˵ǲܣƶǲˣֻǻһʱ˫ʹ
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ŲҪ˳ءƶ˵
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šַ˵

˵Ǹĸôûƶãʵ
·ϣ춼쵽ˡϪ˵΢ͣһ£ַʵַˣһʵ
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İɣ
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ƶʱʱῴһѾ˰˸еĶӣüܻ͸¶˿˿⣬µʱ䡭ԼҲҪˣʱܺԼĶŮˣͼ
ȻҽԺʱϪǷһ˿ǣϼԼַȱ㣬˵ϵ۹һŵʱܻһȴ
򡭡
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ȿҪˣϪҲҪˣˡƶḧŶӣַ˵ܸоõġһʱϣӡ
һ䣬
ƶͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ͷǰ׼ҵļҪͻһ£˾ûŬⶼȥˡҶˣĶӣڻûж
У
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ܿ˾͵ſڣַ÷ţšžͱˣһؿַƶ
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˷ۣû˵ҺȫĻòáΪҼǮǴģ
ܣַ˵˵һͨĵӾͿ׬ʮһĻſÿʾͿˣ˵ⲻǴʲô
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ƶʵûŬ

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ţ
Ϲ˵ĺܶԣƶӹ⣬ԹҲôŬжôŬûлϣ˵ǸûŬҲпǸûе顭
˵
죬Դǵ˵Ϊ˼ӿʵԼҶϱٶȣʽƶȣӽ𡭡ÿһѯһΣûлϡʮ򣡡
ƶĻֱըëˣ޳̶ܳȡǰԷŵڶû˸ŵһˡ
ι
˰˵бҪ𣿽Ұ趼ûżһһ绰ڻҪֱ̫ˣġ
ܹҺַ𣿡ƶۣȻ˵Һַǹˣ֪һЩ飬ʲôŬŬġΪǲ֪ǲŬ
һ㣬
ƶӵоԵĻȨַͺ˸ĸܾãøĸǲʲô硭в֮ģȻȥҽԺ˼飬ʵֻ˷ʩ

֪׼ĸε˵
ѧУ⣬İɡءƶ˵ʱ򡭡Ҹоѡ
ϻ
ҪδԺľѣҲŲŮ޸ء˵˵ˡʱˣ
Ϊ㰡ƶС졣

һ˻죬ַһ¹ҵĳһٷʢ緹˳Թ緹ַԾȥϴꡣ
šȥʵˣĿõ˹ؼʱ̣ʱٹؼҡַϴ꣬ӳ˳ɳϵƶ˵
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ʱ
˵ȻĿ˹ؼʱ̣ɴƶҼҳԹȻȥ㰲Ĺɡ
Ŷ
Ҳáˡַ˵뿪ӡ
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ô
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ôͻȻͺˣ糺Ĵʱ˲٣˵ǲ岻ҪҪȥҽԺ

òáǡǡƶε˵ܿ졭ܿͻָġ

ߵ룬
ַʵҽнṹ⣬ʱټʵʣһˣͻؼˡ
нṹ⣬ַŶѾʱ䣬˺ܶİ취ȥ⿪ûκεĽչû취ַֻԼϣȥѰĹؼ
һʱ䣬
˵ͻƣЩͻ޷ıʣĿǰַҪһȫµĿܣ֧Եǰļ衣

ͷַץԼͷε̾˿ǿʱ̣ΪĴҵߣ˾ռˡﻹеɥ
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ϵֻˣһߣǼŴ˴ģ붼û룬æֻͨ硣
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ʲôʱƶʵ
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š
ʱ˳㳵ӡƶ˵еԳӡ
û⣡

޵ĳĬУ˴˶ûп˵ȴܱ˴˸еԷĴڡ
Ϲ

ʵ̫ˡ㡭ܲܰæһ£



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뵽ַʱԴĿʼʵҺͼܣһҪĿϸֳֵ⣬һ߻ҪؼҸԼ
ϡԭϢʱ򣬽ҪԼȥɢٴĸݣ״̬Ȼһ£ڼûκεԹԡ
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ƶҲֻˣûа취ԼӦôģһ˵һҸӣͻȻǰĸ׵ĸоδιӺŮҲӰɣ
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Щζַп˵
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ҪǿôķϡҡҲŲᡭôءƶС죬˵ôƤ֪ҡҷǳ׼ģҡ
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ⷬƶԭΪַĵƤеԹһ̡ɢӰ٣ŴŴ˵Ȼҵȷ˺ܾãڡֵͦġ
ʱ䡭ûкۣʵϡҶ֪Ϊʲôһֱȥɢ𣿡ƶС˵ҾϢʱ䡣
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ƶĶˣֻʣһͷ
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ƶشӴߵĴλȻǿյģҲϰˡոʶʱ򣬱ÿȥϰ֮࣬󡭡Լϰࡣ
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ڻСʱ֪Լôġ

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ܴ󣬿ҸȴСǵ飬Ҹĸոպá

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롭ϡƶС죬ĬĬ˵˵ıķϸģչҺãȻȽۣ˵۾ˣί
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÷Цһ£̧ͷԼϹŭŮٿ㣬ǰԲ𣿡

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СֱɶҲǡ÷ŭ
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ַŲ˻ص˼ңžͿԼ˺ĸ£æ˵衭ôˣ
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˵ƶˡַһЬӣһ˵ȥ°һԵɡ
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μæվӣܽ˳
𣿡÷ԼŮһ˿ᣬʵ
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ƶָ֮䣬޲ɢĸʡ



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ʱֵʮ롣
ţ
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ƶڴͷϣƽԣڿϪȷƵƵֱǸԵ۴ޡ
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ַƳƶϵƽԣ˵Ͱ͵ġʲôÿġ

ûĵĶոճĺӶӺŮԺˣҲòáƶһַû˵Сֻ潲
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ƶʵϹ˵ǵĺԺҶһ㣬ǻһأ
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ѽѽ˴ˡոֻǺͺǿЦַѾʹߣô㡭ôܰһǲˣ
Ҹ㽲ƶޱ˵ԺٿЦҿɲˣҲ֪ҵ־ҪȫԸʲôӦú
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ƶɿ֣ĬĬذƽԷһߣȻɼɽַĻ֨֨ص˵ͦĵġ˵Ů֮ĻҪҡ꺢ӺĲǰ㡭᲻ң
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ĸϻѽַЦϿвµҧۣⲻĸϻʲô
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ƶͷƤҪˣҪ׼ʱַĵشյĶߣ˵һ仰һ롭ͺ͸ˣǿҵɬ糺ӵӺͶ䡣
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ȫµԤ⣬ܹɹĻôڸУŨصһʣŵԤ⡣
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֊@ϧƵĳʽ뵽˵ʱ׶Ρ



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ӡҲ֪ʲôʱƶ̾Լĺýã˵ǲȥˣ
šϵķɻ˵СӦǳϹõ˰ɣƶߣЦ˵Ҷˡһкûôҡ
һŬɹ˺ӣ֪Լк󣬵һ뵽˲ԼļˣҲԼϹƶƶǵһ֪еġ
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˵ӵı仯ƶͦпģѧУʱӲôԣԴӷż֮󡭡ӾѸٱˣƺСһһ
ҹơӺŮˣ֪ϰʱ򣬲ȡ̫Ӫ򡭡¶ˣһż١ƴ֡Ц˵ġӺŮġ
ģ
ǲ֪СһÿϵΪƶС죬˵ˡ
˭úӵĸַأЦЦʵ˵ôûϹϹأ

ȥһߣÿҡҲͦƵġַƶǻ᷺һ̫ʹԼϹˣȲ˵ǰʱ䣬һҪһҪչԼͣ˵ʱɡҲǹ˵ġ
ƶĻɵͷ˵ϹĶ̫ˡʱչ΢
š
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ܷϪŮȻûʲôŮȴӵзǳĹϵǸɰֺ͸Ǻüиүү͸̣Щ棬ƶϪŮá
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ÿ챧ȥģҲʱ򣬻ƽʱĺܡϪЦ˵ôòãǲرĸж

ⲻӦõҿĸ裡ƶû˵Ϲأ
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šǴһɡ
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ʹడܷ̣дΣַ˵ǲ֪ԴԺ󡭡ôжۣѾܾûкú˯һˣоԼˡµһ飬ڰҹޡ

ôֲַûУʵ˵ӽ֮Ͼͻ𣿡

ϵЩܷ巭˷ۣû˵ЩһȺ񾭲дİ׳İʲôֻʹ࣬ҺϪѾ챻ĥˡ

ǸŮͦľѽ
ַüͷһ˿˿Ŀ־УôľŮӡܷܰϪĥ̶ֳȣǡԼƶĺӣҪˣ
Ȼ֊@ϧƻûгַšƻ̶ȣԼĶӸŮġ
ǲ롭ԼԺܷ忴һַȻ˵ˡҺϪ˼ˣʹ̶ȱҪü
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ҹ
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Ȼƶ˵ԼҪʸʵѡ˳Ҳÿȥɢû취ʸһ̺ۣΪһŮˡôܶһİ̺ۣ
ҷ֡ϪŮȵŮùŶƶַݹƻ˵Ҳ֪ǵŮԲԡ
ӦáͦƤġַЦ˵ǡ˼Ϫȸ̥ܵһ룬֪ǵĶӸŮôƤˡ
ƶ죬̾˿˵ֻεؽˣô죿
䣬
̧ظԼĶӣĳ˵ǵ㡭㣬ǳĹԡǲԵĻԺͲϲˣϲȥˡ
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ôвûõģ㲻ϲʲôãһءַ˵͸С@ϧơԵĻġʹȥ

׳աƶһۣ˵ҪӲҪһ䵽ֵز
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ַĻ
ƶ΢΢ĺϼŭ˵Ҳûأ
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ƶͻȻܵһĪʹšһǿҵĸо
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ƶû⣬Ϊָо֮ǰй漴̽ɲǼ䡭鶼ʼŤæ̧ͷŵؿַ
Ϲ
ҡˮˣ
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ʮ ׼õְ
ƶ˵ԼҪˣַʱҲַվһλ׼ְ֣ѾǰԤϰһʱ俪ʼסи̬š
ţţַæ˵ûµġϹأھȥҽ
죡ԽԽˣƶֵ˵ҡԽԽʹˣ
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ַܳ˷䣬ȥסԺҽ÷ѾǰҽԺ쵼кϱVIPڣҽԴķϻǱȽϳģƬ̼䡭λҽͺַһ˽
ƶƳ˷䣬һϸµļ飬ȷǲˮ
ҵĹУƶקַûɿΪԼҪȥˣŵͷȫǺ飬ַʹˣֲЩʲô
ڼҵſڱ룬ַűƽĴæţšҾſһֱ㣡
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ģǲζžҪˣҪ˳ַ˵
ҪλãͷǴµλãҷĵطѾ죬ôͿԽ˳λòáûдﵽĻܾҪˡ
˵
λҽ˵֪ͨģͬʱҲǩһ˵顣
š֪ˣˡַͷĬĬؿλҽ߽˼ҡ
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ͬʱ
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û취ʵڿȥˣξѧ˻ˮ

׼Ķ׼𣿡ߵ÷ԼϹʵҸ㡭ҪõģΪʡǮһЩõĻؼҡ
ⲻǷϻ𣿡û˵ֻҪ漰Ůġҿ϶ģܺòáûϡҿûǮˡ
𣿡
ˡõպ⹫Ҫһܳ򣿡÷Цʵкϲֶǵ϶ࡣ
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ߣ
ǮˡңҪϥ÷Ȼ˵
⵱Ȼˣ
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ŮǰԶֻš÷¶һ˿Цݡ
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ʱ
֮ǰ̸ַҽˣַæվӣһܵĸǰ
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ƶʽƽ˲һ𡭡Ҫܰ˵ʮСʱʹַ࣬Ҫܰ˵ʮСʱ尾ϾԹӿɲһ顣
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һҪĸĸŮƽַĬĬһߣǿѧǵһĽˣ򲻴ڵԻȡϵļС
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˱ſڣȴƶ꺢ӳ
ַûһվǰȻдšصأ˸֣޷赲ַĿ̽
ͨϸ΢ŷ濴˿ʲôûпӵĽˡ
ϡôʲôַת˵ӡôҲúɣʲôûУѵƶôãѽǿˣǵõһεʱ򡭡ûбһŸȥ
ԼŮǻŲ·ӣ÷¶һ˿οЦݣƽʱŮ²ŵӣʲôĿѶη壬졭Ϊƶӣųӣ˵Ůǳǳ۰ԼŮ

裿һ㶼ҪСʱַűƽĸʵҽ˵˵ʮСʱͿˡ
šʱ䣬ƶʱ򣬺Ҳ;ŸСʱɣ÷ͷ˵ѽ̫ˣٽҲûʲôõģ簲ȵţȴ
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ʮ Ȼμ棬Ǻܾ
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ʱ䡭XXXXXXգʮ߷֣һŮһӣǳʱں۲죬ˡŮȳģ֮ųġλʿһַֽ˵ǩ֡
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Եģ
ں΢עһʱ䡭Ҫ̫ȥλʿ˵ǧ涺̫õʱ䣬塭ԼգҲġ
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һܳĺϣһλ˫βСŮһ˫С۾߸ߵС̱ӣС졭ίӣŮַƶĵӣѾˡ
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һ·ϵ˲׶԰ʦַ󡭡еغһԺʿַҲЦЦʾӦ
˰칫ſڡ
ַ÷ţűŶ룬һλƯŮʦϵĺڱػдͣƺдʲô档
ʦ
˼ˡַȻԺʿʱֻһӵĸס
Ժʿˡ
λƯŮʦַɢĳֹâվе˵˼ڰæ֮гչ
ûû¡
ˣ׵ĵѧУҲӦõġַϣЦ˵Ǹĺðɣ
ûʲô󰭡
һƤ˰ˡλŮʦ˵ֻҪǺ˵˵׶԰ı֡
֮
Ůʦʼ˵ڵı֣ܽһ£Ҳ֡Ե
̳ƶԸ
š
ַһͨСŮʵַԡϰˣǵڼαмҳֻҪһžͻ绰ȥѧУ
Ȼ
ȡĳɼȥҳˡԶƶ
ʦҴˣԺһСѸùϵԴί˵
úӡʦ㡣ʦСԴ˵

ַλŮʦ˼䡣
ĹУ۾һֱԼİְֺʦûԼĽ̵
桭סԼİְ֣

裬ܽһˣ

ԡ裬ְֻܰά

ĳо
ַСŮ͵׶԰󣬾ֱԼĵصϰˣΪԺоһ컹ͦæģ֮¡ƶæһ㡣
ƶѾΪĸУרŸѧУѧݡ
ƨɸո
ֻˡƶ
ţ
ȥȥˡˡַЦǺǵ˵ǡȥС쵰ؼҡ
ཡ
Ҷˡ
ַֻĻ̾˿
ÿѧԺԺʿȻ䵽Ӻˡ


硣
ַСŮվĳСѧſڣʱѧǶĸӻȥˣûгġ϶ǱѧУˡ
ˡ
ͽִˡַһε˵ʲôã촳
֊@ϧƳɼܰ⵱Ȼ벻ƶܳɼǳ졭ǻıҲܸߣͷѧУҲܰѽôû취һԺʿְֺʹѧУ裬һ쵼ţԼһţƵ尢̡
ʱ
һĲģַҰ
ְ֣
ˣ֊@ϧƺһ˷ܵؾϵ»ʥ
֡
֡
վַǰԴҿ
ִ˰ɣַ˵ʲô飿
ҰѰ۸ŮˡŮϧƣС˵
ҡ򡭡ѧУֿĲˡ֊@˵
һ䡣
֊@С˵֡һʦȥѧУ
ааɡ
Ҳϰˡַ̾˿ҵصˣϽȥѾպ÷ˡ
Ѿպ˷ˣ֊@ϧơСһǶʱ¶Ϊѵı顣
֡
Ҫ԰ɣŮϧʹ˵յġʵ̫ѳˡ
ַһۣû˵ѾǺܺóˡϻϽȥǵҪˡ

ڵַһڣסһ׼ֵڶıƶθСڵ
صҡ
մžͿƶΧȹӳѲ˷˳
ô
ǲֱУˣƶӣޱʵ
ӾѧУƤֻҪһصңԼ裬˲Ϩˣʱ֊@ϧơԴһ仰˵
˺ˡ극˵ɡַ˵
ƶһַĬĬػص˳ȥʢ
ǰƶ;ƶϱøӳ죬ĺòû˿ĸı䣬ȻҲ벻ıÿֲиĶ
յĲôóԣֲòԵķˣСһͦʹģһ֡ԼϰֶԴ˾ȻûκεԹԡ
ҳԱˣ
ҲԱˣ
Ҳǣ
ɲǼ䡣
Сһ·룬Ҵҵ¥ݣ׼¥Լķ䣬ʱƶͻȻˡ
һ£ƶƽ˵Ҫǡ
Ƭ̡
üͷС죬ĥĥػصλϡ
С@ϧƣǽǲǻˣƶʵ


໥һۣĬĬص˵Դ
Ҿ֪
ô϶ʦƶһ۽תͷСŮʵûʦϿҵϴ
СŮԴ˵šϴˡ
ǾƤɣ
ְǻһͯڣﶼȥڼһ죬ú÷ʡʡƶû˵š͵͵һַ
ȿȣ
ַһ˵ôˣһ˵ѵ춼ڼﱻһ죿
ԼϰֵĻСһＱæҡҡͷ
Ȼ롭Ͻ豣֤ԺҲƤˡַ˵ʹӦȥʿˡ
衭ԺƤˡ
Ҳǡ
Ժһ
֊@ϧơϵؿƶгڴ
Ҫ˵ƶ죬̾˿аɡȥʿᡣ
䡣
Сһ˷ܵ㵸
裬Ұ㣡
꣡
õ裡
СһǶ쿪ĻˣĻͣӺӵĳ

أַ˷ۣøлְֵģ
ְ֣Ұ㣡
ְ꣡
ְõİְ֣
üһ
ȻҸһ顣
ַЦ£˺ˡȥιһ´󱦸Ȼ¥ɡ
󱦺ͶǼֻè䣬ҲҪĳԱѾʮˣֻèǿ֊@ϧơһ쳤󣬿˵ӵͯ꣬벻󱦺Ͷ顣
뿪
ʱʣַƶ

궼֤궼ǻƶ̾˿ַŭ㵱һģһ
ַ



002 ʮ꣬ӵץ
ƽƽһϡ
ַҵСħԼϰ緹ԼЩڰϰĶֱ˼ζʱ򡭡СһǺͬԼϰ֣ôģ
ôôֱַжʮӾҪϿˣ֊@ϧƽ˹س緹ȫԼҪٵ飬ں
㣡Ҫٵˡַߴٵ
Ȼ
ԼϰֵĴߴ٣òţس緹ȫַĻ˶߷硣
ʱ
ױƶ¥ݲȵӣʱͺǳ㣡
ɲǼ䣬
˷ƴس緹СһϰֻͽǻߣӶֵġ
ܾý˷ǡҲԱˣַӳţ͵ڴЬӵʱƶ˿ſڵӣؿһ
Ϲ
㶮ġƶ˵ռƻ¡
ὲһ¡ַͷȻ˵
š

ְ֣
˵ʲô˫β裬ڿϰ֣ʵʲôƻ£Ҫȥʲô
Сôʲôַû˵ܺԼ׶԰ƤҲһǵİθҽˣƤĻѧڵѧûǵķݡ
˵
ַͣһ£˵ûѧ״ôǡ
ߣ
ȥ⹫żס֊@СӵӺܷʣԴһǿ˵⹫Żᱣҵġ
Ǻǣ
Сǲ֪
ַЦЦû˵
Ȱѽ͵ѧУűǰСŮ׶԰һ·ϡû˸Ǵ˻ϻӣȰȰȡһֱ߶ͣ
ʱַܺ棬СŮϰ߾Ǵ̳йģ
˼ȥ
ַΪֻƶıͯᣬСϡ
ְ֣
ǲررСɴ˫ۣãؿԼϰ֣ʵлСȰ̡ᰢ̡Ϫ̡̣塢塭⹫ţǲǶ
ַ£ʵôˣôͻȻʰְЩ
׶԰ʦһֱۡ˵ְʲôԺʲôģǡУСͷŴŴ˵ʲôš֣ܳǲס

ַ⡯һĵ黹ǷˣСŮ׶԰Ȼ˽β˺ַܶ࣬Ϊ֮ǱС@ϧ顣
С@ϧڵ׶԰ЩʦȽϺǵļͥȻһǩʱС@ϧƵõõĴַܷ
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СŮҲ飬ؼˡ
ְ֣
ʲôԼϰ֣۾ȫʺš
ûʲô
ԺʦЩ߿֪𣿡ַʵ
Ŷ
ͨӾŮɵӣַ̾˿Щ顭ô޷ġ
ͬʱ
Уİ칫ҡ
ѽ
Һ硭е飬ܲܰǴһºӣƶڰ칫űϵ绰һε˵ùҹʮ֮ǰǻѺǽߵġ
ȥʲô
ܸʲôȻӦꡣ
ǿѧԺԺʿĸУÿҪٵ顣
úúáУ
Ǿˡ
žҶϵ绰
ƶԭεı飬һ˿˿ϲ
ڸ㶨Сһˣ

ǵȣСߣ
ۡңҪ裡
ط
бڣ
ѾʮͯᣬԼδˣżӡһ۸ԼãһΪ۸Լ۴ޣһʿ棬һʱ䡭ַ졣
ʵܲˡ
ϽСһȥͯԼؿڣʹ˵ƻ̫ǿˣ
Ҵ
ҲԲͯδЦҪһ𣿡
ߣ
СһȥĦ֣ͽΪֹ˵ͯһСһǺͣͣһ£
һ䣬
СһˢˢԼᰢ̡
̴ȥĦ֣
벻ȥͯʵ
룡
ͬغ

ȥ

ĳ
жԷڽ䣬ƷҲһʮʳ
ʮˡ
ζûб仯ַâԲӣЦ˵ͦѵõġ
š
ƶͷϸϸƷζǰâԲӣʵÿ궼һ죬ƷҲâԲӣڱ˵ֻһƷַƶźܶܶĻ䡣
ûһ
ƶͳԲˣֱӾƵַǰ˵ҳˡ
ǡ
Ҿ˵һ빻ˣ϶Բ£Ȼҳԡַ˷ۣε˵ÿ궼
ô
ƶû˵ҷԴӳΪѧԺԺʿ󣬶ԽԽͷˣǲǾʹˣûˣ
ϡ
ˡһġַƶʣµâԲӣһԵԼĬĬӣһһһ߳һ˵ҵУϹʲô治飬ô߶
ƶ˷ۣŭ˵Ҫϸ˵ʮֶС
˵꣬
һתŵȥģ
ȥĦְɡַ˵þûаһˡ
š
ܾúܾúܾˡƶп
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ƶַĸ첲ǰݶĦ֡
ã
Ħ֣ʮǰǸʱһƶַĻŷУ糱ˮ
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Ůܹʮ룬Ҿ飬Ҫһ£ƶʵ
ִ￴ļַЦʲôԵģϷˡ
ƶðֵĻȻֱӣǰˣŭԣ
úúáܸˡַؿƶʵʼ𣿡
šʼˡ
ƶͷַήҲӣ˲ֺݺݵһĴȣǳ̬ȣ
ַæ̬ȣغƶš
һ̣
˴ĿУ֪Խʮַ꣬ʮǰƶӣƶҲʮǰַӣǶԣֺֹʮ꣬˵еĹ¡

ʲô
ôͻȻҪŶˣ
ͯδַҵСħ׼Ħ֣֡ҪźܳܳĶ顣
ᰢǵġڼͦãƫƫŶӡ֊@һصҲ֪ȵʲôʱϡ
ôôϻͯû˵ҪңҲôأ
ʱ
һԼİǣĿתؿĦ֣ͻȻϤӰ
ף
ǰְֺ𣿡ɴ۾ĳһա
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ֽͯᷢͽ˵ԴԽԽԽԽûһһ
*3ţ*
ϣ
⡭Ǹʲô
ͯἱæסϧƵ۾δס֊@۾
ʱ
СһܲΪ֪ʲô
ᰢ̣
ʲô۾˵
ͯû˵СӲֻܿ棡

Ϲ
ôԼԼֲԤУƶַĻüͷã˵ܻźܶ¡
ǴɡַЦ˵ҲǸڵˡ

ƶ˷ۣ˵ʮꡭԼҲڡ
ϡ˵Цѽַε˵һСʱȥ
ֻҪԶС쵰ȥﶼСƶص
šҲ롣
Ƭ̣
Ħ֣տ粽뿪
ոŵء
ͻȻ
˼ӵ
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ϰ֣裡
ְ֣裡
ַƶһֵתͷͯӣվ
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ƶ`㡨
ţ
ʮ꣬ץ



003 ⹫ְҸ仰
һڼͨһϣ
֊@ϧƽԼС鷿ҵƶڼڶŮĳɼ˿̡ĸƵƶʱֽɼ˻£Ȼɱȫ꼶һڶˮƽ
ȿȣ
ʱͣһ¡ƶŽѧʵǲְֺȽæǿʼиˣ
裿
Һ͵ܵܡǰȫ꼶ǰ𣿡ϧС죬˵
ɲǼ䣬
ƶɴ۾ݺݵؿŽŭ˾ͰȫУѣͿʼˣֲǰȫǰȫУҲǰȫ
ǰͣѾȫеһˣѾһ齱ˡƶ˵ԼĴŮʵղǸڶ𣿡
ĸϻԴԼϰֵҸ棬ʱ򡭡ǧԼӣҲǧԼ轲ĬĬطƢ
˵
˵ΪܹȥƶһѧӣϣԶʵС@һ£ô򵥵һĿΪʲôʦһ֣
ҡһ֊@Դ֨֨صصʵҲԡ
ʲôвҲԣ
ƽʱô㽲ģѧҪľ߼ԣһ߼ܹͨ𣿡ƶŭɽҵ˵´λҷĴ󡭡ô㣡
һ䣬
˱ϵŮʵϧơѧΪʲôҲһ֣
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⡭Сһ⡣ϧε˵
ⶼǱ÷ֵĿƶʵԺ߿ˣǲҲ
ͬʱ
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ͽǲѧУƤˣȻˣԼϰֵĴϣؿüĿ価Ƕĺ벻⡣
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šǿԿˡַĸϻУϡԭɡ
Ȼʱ
ַͻȻѹæԼŮɳϣСԴ˵ǸŮҪϷˣ

ְֺ֣֮ǰһ𣿡գԼĴ۾ʱʱðǻ۵Ĺâ
šַЦЦùСŮͳһƶĿ㲾һ֧ʣѿ㲾̯˲輸ϣְѱʽԼŮ
죡
ʼˡҹҪˡַߴٵ
ҲϹ߷ˣԼְֵıʣſڲ輸ϡؿʼһһ߶ӶĿַߣϸؽŶӶ⡣
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֪
⹫ĲҶọ̃Ȼְ֣
ţԣ
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յ磬
ַԼźӣǰ˼ҵ·ϣȻεĵòû֪ͨϣַҪ֪ͨһ£ƶˣҪһ¡Ůڸĸеĵλ
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⻹ƭӵİַ˷ۣЦ˵

ܿ죬
ĳԺ
񡭡÷ɵеĴ쵼ְͬʱҲǾǵĴ쵼˫ݣҲǽϵطĴͷˣΡʮǰԺͼݹݳʮ󡭡ǹݳ
ȥַʵ
šƶͷתͷŵ˵ȥˡǺͰְš
˵꣬
򿪳ž˳
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Ϊʲôȥˣʵ
ơǰˡַ˵
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ʲôǸڰ֪ȽʢµĴʻ㣬ѯ京塣

žǵĺӾҪͷˡ

أ
ƶ÷ţƬ̡ŴˣŵΡ
ϣ
ŮˣμŮϴЦݣ˼ۣæѯʵأ
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һ˹ģԼıͱŮûʱɫˣû˵һʲôûģ
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ʱ
ƶըˣڡֻҪźǣҵŶȥˡ
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ƶ뺢ǵĽϾܡ

⹫ţ
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ŵСɰˣ÷СŮС˺ü£һĿüʵžһ¡
룡ͷصžǰһڣ÷ӡ

⹫Դˣţ⹫𣿡ι˵
⹫Ҫ⹫˵ꡭһڣεϡ
ڼСĺӡǲ簮ˣ޲ðеİǿмӵϣȻС@ϧҲܹĴ
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С@ϧƽˣˢˢκ÷һ⹫š
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졭Ÿ׼˺óԵġԼĴʹŮ÷Цӯӯص
С@ϧư
Ҫʲô⹫ȥ򣡡ЦʵҪҪϺ
ͬʱ
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緹Ȼַϰߡʮûбˡ
ʱ
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ſš
ӻϳ˱ܣַСŮͻȻ뵽ְַԸһ顣
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⹫ϵ˵ְҸ仰Ҷûˡ
ʱ
λҪˡ
ϣ
ҵСɰѽ
ôĸһҲֵĴ·ˣ



004 ְֻ䣬Ļᣡ
ۣ
ʲôޣƶվСŮǰŭغǳһġ֪ƤﲻһʫƻıµԽԽˡ
ͽ͡ͻᱻʮ׹ʫˣ㡭ʲô֪ƶƽʱôСŮϾСǽʵ̲סˣСһѧУ棬Ȼຢӡ
ʦĵ绰ɴﵽƶֻϣʵûȥ׶԰󡭡ַϵ׶԰׵ݣ˼ҳǸҪַ֪ǿѧԺԺʿ
Ȼ˵ļҳûѾСŮһɶ
ʱ
ַߵĸŮıϣСŮ޵ӣһʱеƶ˵˺ˡˣҲǿ۸ϵСѣͦ˵ǵŮʮ㡣
壿
˼СѹȰܣüһһˡƶըˣŭ˵ⲻ׵ġʶʣȥͶ˼ҵƨɾһţҲ壿
ܹ˭
Ŵģ
ȻַⷬɲҽŪû漴صϡһμΪ᷸ġ´θĽˣѵ㲻Ů
ɶ࣡ƶ˷ۣίСŮеܣضӣؽСŮ˻ĳ˵ҲΪã֪촳˶Ļ𣿡
ְΪѧңһĿѧңڱǰĵġ㲻ʹ𣿡ƶʵ
С죬ؿԼİְ֣С˵ʹ
ȻʹԺƤˡƶ֣ĨȥСŮ۽ǵỨ˵Ӧ衭Ժɲ׶԰ﵷˣ𣿡
ŶͷСԴί˵֪ˡ
ţ
ĺŮƶСŮԴվӳַ˵ȥලС쵰ҵ¥¸Ӣ
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ֻһ𣿡С죬ˮĴ۾ֱ㶶ַʵҪ١
úúá٣ͺ춼ȥԡַСԻˣЦ˵ôԡСԺСʱô죬˵ְû㡣
Сͦõѽ
Ȱ̼һֻСɰġ뵽ȥԼɻȰ̵ļͣͿһֻ۷۵СʱϲˣźҲҪһֻȻˡ
Ůһı飬ַȥŮΣʵȰֻ̼Ѿְ֡⹫弸ɿԽ˶ˡ
֮
ַŮɳϣʼһЩӢﵥʣȻѧϰ治Լĸ㣬桭Ժַ棬׿Խ츳
츳ѾȰ̸綢ˣҪΪԼĹŵӣɼַ츳㡭Ŵַַ滹ǱȽġ
ְ֣
ΪʲôҪȢ谡תԴãؿԼϰ֣ʵôסǣҺ͸ƨɡ
⡭ַһʱƿԣ֪ôܸͣܲŮְֲӣϡͿ͸Ȣˡ
ְ֣
ܻܲ裿һ˵ġƢõģҺ͸衭𣿡
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Ϊʲôʵ
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Сӱô࡭ַЦˡĬдʣˣûĬдʣСˡ
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Ƿǳͨĩ
ƶڼ̶ӸŮΪٹʮ졭ҪȥˣμӴУμȫСѧǽһοѧģʽǰЩѧֻǹҼҶѡ
бѹķʽõǾԸʡѡγţѹͦģ˴УҪǡַƶĺӡ
ѧĳѧ
Ȼ֊@ϧŰѵҲûкõȥ˿̵С죬һˬС٣ϡ顭û취Сһڡϰ࡯
ֿʼˡúַǰε˵ҲҪȥμӱˣ΢㡭

ְְ֡֡Ĺĵ˵ϲˡ
𳶵
òô㡣ַƽԣarXiv£˵ѡ˼һ顣
ţ
ܲԸС١
ڡݵʱ䣬
СһǵõһСʱʱ⣬ʱˡ
ַƶֱ̱ɳϣд˶ƣ롣

ҴŶӹʱûô۹СŮͰҸۻˡַ޿˵ˡˡ
ʲô۵ģ
ҪǻȥС@ϧưƶַû˵
ַεЦЦ˵ˡ
ߣ
˱˻ԡƶŭ˵
һ䣬
ƶ죬˵ϹҵӦĻСһȫȥӡʹôãûһʡĵġ
ʱؿ˼ֻƤƤϺ
֊@F䣩
ϧƣF䣩
F䣩

ʹడ

ӵʱǰŸĸᣬõɾ͵һ̣ͻȻеᶼֵˡ
֊@ϧõȫСѧĹǾǹھܵܽһ֮õǾСŮõȫСٴ׶Ĺھ
˵Ļκ÷Ϊӵ⹫ţʱźǣڹ͹ﳬУȻƶַҲڡ
⹫ţ
ߡȥ
Լ⹫ţƴקС@ϧȻûɢſĿ⣬ͼѾˡ
ԱͱŮκ÷ܾСһǰ
֡衭㣬ﶼŲˡƶѵ
֪֪
Ȼ
ʧҰС
ʱƶַĸ첲й䣬żȻϺ߲֮ģͻȻƶһֱۣüͷ΢΢𣬶ַ˵ôûлȥ
ַͷĬĬǰܿ졭ҵ˺ĸԼС쵰
ɲǼ䡭
ַɵˣƳߣ
׼Ļܰ
֣裿
ôôôַࣿε˵
ѽϲСЦǺǵ˵ûû¡Ǯ
ַЦ֡ǮǮ⣬ôûʲôãһˣȻȫ
һ䣬
ַüͷس˵ҷŻȥÿֻ׼
ɲǼ䣬
ӵˣ֊@ϧƴóĬԿԼϰ֣һɣʼĿֱݣСһšְֲԼģֻᶯ˵䣬ؼ⹫Ҳڡ
Ȼ
ھ潩ֲµʱˡɱˡ
ƶһ˹ַȥôöûл϶СһֿʼˣʱŲ˾ǰȻ󡭡˾˵һĻ
ƳߣԼ֊@ϧǾǿı飬оڵϴ
췴ǲǣƶŭʵ
ʱ
СһһڵϴĬĬӵ
ÿֻ׼һ
ʣµġȫҷŻȥƶ۾Сһ˵
ô죿
ϰֵҪ̣
û취ֻܽΪСһ֪ϰַ𣬶䣬跢Ͳһˡ
Ļᣡ
⹫ڱҲûá
˵ġ



005 ̳аְֵľҾͽ
Ϲ
˵СŮ˭ƶڴϣһ鼮üͷߵַʵΪʲôĸѧϰô㣬ϡô
ô֪
϶ңַƽԣ¶̬Ȼ˵
һ䣬
ƶ֣ݺݵһַĴȣŭ˵ѵŴˣ͡ѾͯˣֻʮڵļӼ㡣
˻
ַۡһεؿԼţ˵Ѿʮˡܻܲط
ߣ
Σƶ˷ۣû˵
һ䣬
ɽַĻ˵ͷʹҺ츳ǿԳΪһּңһϣĻɳɫС@ϧһֻҪȫǰʮС
һ䣬
ݺݵһַؿڣ˵졭ϢҪȥ濪ᣬڼһڼӼҽ̻ᣬߵ롭Ҫг飬ʮĿϣǸŮŰɣ
ɲǼ䣬
ַͷƤڷ飬ֵؿŻţµ˵šѶ̫ˣ͡նʮڵļӼȻһһپС
ι
ѧļ޶ͻƣһСŮӼ㣬ͰѵˣƶصҲܡҽ̻ᣡ򡭡ȥ˯ɳɣ
ҵţ
ַɵˡ쵼ĿѧоӵһʿվżȻҲЩʿоԱϿΣҸ߲ε˲ţСŮַҲֻͶ
˵ˣ
ߵ롭ճɹ

߼ߵڶ٣ַָָ㱾ϵһʽӷ㣬СŮʵ
ڡڡģһԼİְ֣С˵
ʱ
ַ⵽׻ʧȥеʶ߲ϲһ仰߼ߵģһ̡ΪĿѧԺԺʿѾ챻һСŮƷˡ
٣
ְٸһλᣡַЩˣһЩ
ְֲƵĿС죬ĬĬԼֻ֣ȻָſָͷӹȥˣСԴ˵ڡʮģ

𣿡ַ˵Ƕ٣
ڡڡ͵͵۾˲ԶԼĸͽ㣬ֻ֊@ĬĬس˵ͷ漴ͦԼС壬Դ˵ʮģ
ַϽˣһʼ֨֨أͻȻֱ׳϶è壬漴̧ͷԶֵĽ˵¥¥´š
Ƭ̼䣬
¥µĿʣ˱ĸףͿСŮ
Ȼ֪߼ߵʮġôô죿ַʵǲǸдģ
ŶʵʵдһģȻ󡭡תͷԼİְ֣ˮĴ۾ƺַѯʡ֮ôأ
ǼȻѾдģǲǶʮλһַָָǰ֣˵ǰʮλһǡ
䣬
ʵְ֣ǲҪô죿
أ룡ҪַըˣѾ쵽˻ʵıԵָǰĶӶ˵ǰְ˵ģҪҪУ
˵꣬
ŵдһдС㣬ǽġ
С죬ĬĬڶӶĵ¡д˸һ
ڶӶһڶ٣ַʵ
塭˵
šϽдַɬ˵
š
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𣿡ַСŮʵ
ˡ˵ͷг˶ԼĲΡ
ǰְָ⡣
ַ⣬ʮ߼ʮߵڶ١
õĿǦʡֱ㶵ص㱾˰죬Сš黨ˡ
ְ֡ˡͣ˵
ողǰְѾ𣿡ַһŵؿ
ѽ

ߵ룬
ƶó׼õʮ⣬һڵļӼǰͬʱĵ綯ľװԶǦʻԶƤԶӵ
ַĻѧף鲻ᡭװȫǶġ

ĸ˿ԿʼˡȻԵڱϵļҳַȻӽţŮһͱסˣʱһء
ڽʮ
ַѾоԼƺҪߵյ㣬Ϊߵƶʱʱɱ˵Ŀ⣬һʱΪɫĿѧңͬʱҲĿѧԺԺʿԺоٻѧ󽱵ˡ
һ̡̱ˡ
ա
СƨɻûжˣַȻû˯ɳȱšʮ¡
ʱʮ룬ڴͷ
ˣ
ʮĿȻ˾ŵƶһ뵽ԵĽġģƳŭ϶ûн̺á
ϣַûصûаҸˡ
ߣ
Ͼϡȥλɣƶǿ˵ҾͲˡһСŮ㲻

ڶ죬
Уƶ׼̼ĺӣһڵļӼ
ʼƶ쳣ᣬͼлǡܿ죬費ˣһ˵ĸϻĿ
ⲻ𣿡
һġⲻ𣿡ƶѾҧгݵĳ̶ȣָ㱾ϵĿ˵һ顭
ġ죬ĵ˵
д
šŤŤдһġ
ʱ
ƶһԼСŮĳ˵һСƨƨɣ
ԼĻС죬ŴŴ˵֪һط˺ܶܶǮȫǺɫġСô࣡
˵꣬
Сֱ۱Ȼһ¡
һʱ䣬
ƶסˣüͷ˵ܴܲȥȥˡ費㣬ȥԿϵ»
ɲǼ䣬
ɢŹâæͷЦ˵õѽ
ʱ
ͻȻ֊@ϧƣ˳
裡鱨Ҳ֪һкܶǮĵط
裡Ҳ֪иط˲Ǯ
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ַƤСпСްȫˡСп˱˹Сް˺ޡ

㣬
ַص˼ҡոմţͿĲ輸ϣһѵĳƱƶɳϣޱؿԼ
ͬʱ
֊@ϧơСһԼߣһһѩ⣬ҸšַӵĶͷϣ˼̳֡аְֵľҾͽ
ò˵
һĻֱ̫Ϥˣ



006 ϰֵĵ
ַΪѧԺԺʿʱǽĵꡭʵʱ٣ΪԱѧԺԺʿæɿĳ̶ȡ
ʱҲԽԽ١ҲΪʲôһֱûƨɵԭ򣬶֊@ϧƶҲַᡣ
һĩ
ƶڼӣַڵλĿһЩ⡣
Ŀ𣿡ƶָָ֊@ҵϵһ⣬˵ٸһ顭д
һ䣬
תͷ˱ϵϧƣ˵Ū𣿡
š
ˡŮͷĬĬصͷ
Ůˣƶ˿漴˵һžӡӿٶȡ㡣
ţ
ƶվӣߵ˶¥ĳ䣬Ŷ롭СŮڵ٣ģƶر⣬˵šˣҪලҲԼϰˡ
תͷЦʵ裿Ϣ𣿡
ŵʮӾҪϢˣƶ˷ۣ˵ٵһôٶĸ١
Ȼ
ƶɲɵ̶ֳȣȥһҸ٣ʵܸģԴӵ֪СŮַ츳رС١ٵ츳ʡרҵʹõʩ̹D-274Ǹ٣ԼһѼֵʮĹŶС١
ԡֻҪСŮϲˮˡ
ĻɾС죬صܡƸ١ڴһ˿˿Թ˱仯ƶûѧϰרҵ֪ʶ֪ʵСŮҵ
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ƶ뿪רõңûм뿪ſվ˻Ͼַ֣Сͺܽթ
Ȼûʲôˡ

С쵰
ٶĸ٣һ¸ûе¡ƶҪŰ֣ȥݺݵһٵʱ򣬴СŮ
һְְ֣֣
İְ֣ڼҵʱÿҪ۸..ȥϰʱ򡭡
ַǳ
Ƭ̣
ִ˸
ƶ죬ڸŮָжͬʱе㼵ʣЩԼģ棬ַȴԼĵλߡ
С
ƶüһ˿飬ĬĬǰ¥¡

룬
ַźϲĿϵ»Ȼ֪ʳƷû취ԽԽóԣЩҲƵģһֻܳΣ˾ͲС
ոմţ
ͿиСӰͻȻ˹
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ˣ
ַæӣһѱס˹СŮЦݵ˵ϡְֵĹŮְҲˡ
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ӣʱԼϰŵĿϵ»˷ܵ˵ϵ»
ţ
ְָ˶˿ϵ»ַСŮԴ˵ȥͽй
ã
ϰֵĻ˷ܵ˿¥ϴ磡㣡Կϵ»ˣ
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ûã
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ǻ𣿡ַЦŵһûгء
ߣ
ҪǳˡҰԴšƶص
һ䣬
ƶ˵꺺ȫҳ԰뷹
ɲǼ䣬
𡭡಻ԡ
ʲô
໨һСʱĲˡһ¡ƶû˵

һڵڷǰԵԼķ롣
ǡʱһͨ绰ƶֻϡ

Էʱ򡭡ʲô绰ƶֻ룬ʱüͷŭô鶼áʲôΡ
˭ַʵ
˭Ȼˡƶ̾˿ĬĬصȥӸ绰
˵꣬
վˡ
˿̣
Ͼʣַӡ

衭Ƿˡַ̾˿ĸˡߵ˵̫ˡ
԰ְֵıԹСһˢˢͷȷûʲôζ
ǿϵ»óԡӣС졭ĹĵصĲˡһ㶼óԡ
֣
ԺˡÿȥһЩǳѳԵĶȫԹ⡣֊@ε˵дѧУ֯ΣҺͽı㵱Һͽ㶼˼ó
˵ǴδΣϧһõصǴҺ͵ܵܲͬѧ緹ˡ
ַǰСһǣ˼һ¡˵Ǹ˵ѽʹӽĵ˿ʼ͸裬ûзΡԺˡ
ʵ
СһﲻûҸ˵
üһ˿ǣַĳ˵ڳˡҲԼĻȨˣ˵ʲô˵ʲôǼʵģ˵ǶûгԸ轲ô֪ĵ뷨أ
֣
ûи轲֊@ʵ
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ָǲһַε˵˵ҲˣúᡭĲе㵭
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ƶ˵绰˿ԼλϣɲǼ䡭ֻص͵
˿ĬĺӣַһСŮ˵ողʲôҪ˵ڻˡ˵ˡ
ַĻ
ƶؿԼСŮʵôˡʲôҪ˵ģ
ҡ
ΪСĳԱ˿̵ŷ룬Լİְ֡ͽ㣬ԥһ¡Сضƶ˵衭Ĳˡе㵭
˵꣬
æָԼĸͽ㣺衭ͽҲлҪ˵
ƶ˽ޱʵҲ轲Ĳе㵭
񡭡һ㡭
šе㵭
С˵
أ
ƶ۾ֱ㶵ضַȻʵ

Լɱ˵ַĬĬӣһţŽ˼¡˵Ҿͦóѽ
˵꣬
ַ¿ӣӡصѽҪϧĲˣƽʱôæʱʱʱȥҵڶ裿
˵
ĲҲͦóԵġַͣƬ̣˵ְֶѾʮꡭûһĶóԣְΪóԵĲˣĲˡ
ɲǼ䣬
֊@ϧơؿԼϰ֣ġ˵Ĳ̫ˣǸְ־Ȼ˵ͦóԵġ
ʱ
СһڷӦԼϰֵĵˣ



007 ʮ󡭡˵ŵ
䣬
˹¸Ħɫ
沢ǺܴװҲȻĵλȴһΪЩѧѧƽѧҽѧԼѧϣ׵ˣڴ˵ءõΰĽ֮һ
裿
ְѽ
ϣĴѰԼְֵӰûзԼְֵӰͰְһģְʱȴԼߣе㲻
𼱡ְϾҪǳˡƶСŮԴоᣬʵź䣬ºǻӰ쵽Ḷ̌κΡܲסԼϹȰ˵
ĻϣǿԼΰʱ̡
ʱ
֊@üͷΧһȺĿѧǣĬĬشԼóһ²Լһ֧ڱʣ׼һ飬ЩѧҪǩȻ󡭡ѧУЩʦ
Ȼͬ뷨ĻдŮϧƣҲһ²Լһ֧ڱʣ׼ַŮݣȥЩѧҪǩ
ڴ˿̣
֊@ϧƶһۣ˴˿ԷϵĶɷ׷һ㡣
㣿
㡭㡭֊@űԼһӵĽ㣬ɽŵ˵˭
Ȼʦ
ѾкܶܶʦҶǩˣҲˡϧƿԼĵܵܣʵ㡭òҲҪʦ

˶𰡣֊@ԼĻʱͻ˵ҡնˡ
ϧƳĬһ£͵͵Ƴչõ裬æյܵܵĶߣ˵˸ǩ۸һġǽһϻ
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ΨһŵҪ̨ݽʮǰѧһƪģ׵ȼϣ֣ͬʱҲϵĵλ
񡭡ʮ
ƾƪģŵίǰɫ۾ίݺݵسһơ

ŵԻַ˽Ψһŵ֣šֳûһеһλôˣһɫװߵǰ̨дЩĽ
ǰְ֣
衭ǰְ֣Լİְ֣ʱ˷֮˷ܵĻС֊@ϧƽ
վڽ̨ǰַƶĿȥ۶ˡʮģʮǰ˵ԼΪõŵʱֻǾҲЦ
ǰ˵õŵáеᣬǰ˵һõŵ񡭡һ˿⡣
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ʮʱ⣬ûüĿڡƺʱԼߣѾĵվѧߵĵá
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Ȼ󡭡̤ϣԼǻȥŬȻѾʾһЩԵĴڣʹǳСһ֡Ҿܺ㡣
ˡ
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ƶ̨£ûб仰ˣĺĺ
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ոһյ߶¡ҲΪ˱ѧѧҡַЦ˵
ɲǼ䣬
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ְ֣
ְ֣Լİְ֣˹ȥ
ϡְֵСɰַӣرСŮȻһ£ʵոûйԹԵģ
Ȼˣ
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СһЩѧҪǩƶվַߣԴһ˿ŭ˵ι̨Ƿعô죿±׼ĸ
һ䣬
ƶֻˡѧϵι

㿴ˣƶС죬˵󡭡Ҷˡ
ǡʱ
֊@ϧƽˣ˿ض顣
ʱ
ַվ֊@ϧƽмƶáƶҲڿͻȻ˸оʵʮ·ʲôûз˴˻ǰŶԷ˴˻쳳ܡ
ǡ
־ʮ·һж˱仯˴˳Ϊӵĸ׻ĸףΪѧԺԺʿΪŵĻߣΪһۺԴѧĸУ˴˵󶼼¼ű޷Խĳɾ͡
׼ûȥ𣿡ƶʵ
š
׼𣿡ַʵ
׼ͬغ
Ǿ͡ؼඣ



ֽ鳤
߲嵱㺡
ƣ
ʱ
ټǲתǾطΪһټطңңڣǾټΪۡ
ʱҴң
һ硣

ȫ꣩
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