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ݼ飺
Ԫĩ꣬棬һһţȴħʦ飬˳⣬Ϊ޻


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˵س°ʮ鳤֮Դ˼Ԫŵأ˼Ƕʢȴ֮Ծö֮˼䷴ħ֮ء
ֱǰһ˺ս绽֮꣬ܣ̶գȫħɢִɽ֮ܵΪۡ
˺£˼̤֮ʤԪŵӭһǰδеʢȻþǰӹþˣǰǶλްӣʱգɼǱ׷Ķǡ
Ҳƽ⣬ʢ˥˥ʢǰħʢͻȻԪħ֣ɱŸңʹԪŵѪɺӡ
Σʱ̣λԪŵвţһֻɽߵֱʣϼâҫ߸ˣˣ統ͨʮ֮ڣƽħܣħղжߡ
˺һԾΪԪ֮ף𡱵ţ˲֪˲ħִо֮ơ

ʱֵĺɽ쪣Ұ֮У˼ɱ֮⡣
ɽʮﴦŴ壬סİٶˣһҹ䣬ȴһƬ棬ħ֮İٶˣһҹȫڷ
ȻһֻٿȻˣƮƮ˴ʯϡ
ϢΪһŮȻһ֧Ů·һ㣬һվʹɽҰҲƽ˼
滹иӸŮӣֻ˵ΪУȥԶǰǱŮˡ
˵ͬһ㣬Щ
Ůָһ˵ʱâѴָɳ˲ںһ㻤Ԫ
лʦá
˽Уֻ̮Ѫ߰ߣҲ̶ãӷ߷ߵħ˳ȴڴɱ޹ͽԩ꣬ίʵɺޣ
ǷǼħΪȷ䣬ʦܻǽΪ
ꡭ
ڶ˵֮ʣŮӺȻ˸ƣֻһ϶Զ崫˼ȥһ̮ǽ£ֻǽ¾ԼӤ
˽һ˵ħ֣֮˵ӤǳҲδسŵụ̀ô£
Բ֮ʱŮһƽǶǽֻǽ£ȻһеӤֻŨŨȻӤۼǻˡ
ŮӸӤ룬ӤɫЩϣǸµӤϻϵһöѪѪȥЩ졣
Ů˹Щԥص£ȲˣҼʹˣ˵ᡭ
˼ʦĬȻһӼʦ򲻿ɣʦ˵һؽڴʱԪĻֻ¡
δ˵ֻ꣬ŮȻԪָһӤüϵȥ˰һҪ˵ʲôѾˡ
ҪӤֻԪҪӤҲֻԪȡԪ֪ʦõĵУҪһѣ˿ҪӤȴǱȾ˸ѣ
ڣӤȥԱ˿ӤʱñֻʦýĹ󣬲֪òָܻԪ
̾ǰѾȻ˯ӤʦýվӤպֶӤĪʦõһس֮ô
ᴵŮӿŻӤ֮һҲ֪ΪҪִӤ
˳Ĭ֮ʣȻһѪϯҰӺͺŮӾһʲôˣ
δ䣬ֻһѪɲǼ䣬ŴѪ֣ưٹХ֮ڶֱͷƤ顣
ۼѪԽԽӺͺŮæȥȻȴ顱һ˻˲ȥһʱ̾ŲҲվȡ
ͽ
һ̶ЦѪдӺͺŮӽһߵвǳַһħͷ
Σ
Ůһ䣬ֱӤָһһɱâٿ¡һҰʱ㽫ǰеŨŨѪɢˡ
ѪɢȥֻͿֳһ˰׷磬˫Ѫ죬Ѫ֮أӺͺŮʱѪħ

ѪħͷһЦĿȴڱŮϣɭɭЦ겻ӣм
˪صЦ죬ɽ£ĪͶ
ѪħЦΪǡ
ʱӣƺڱ׷ɱʶؽ磬ԴħĵУ˱֮˭Ǳ׷ɱֻΣ
أ䣬ԣָһһâɲǼƾ䣬ѪħһæתħŨŨѪʱããҰХһ㣬֮ڶ
ʦõģ
ӵʦ÷ΪӤĹ󣬴ʱ˹ֻУȻ£˲仯һâѪħȥ˶һ𣬱һһ貵Ĺâ֯ڰС
󣬾ѪħǲУһȣңĩɣٴת˾ħһ±㽫ӺͺŮ˳ȥ
ϡ
һ䣬δȫѱָ֣һһâָ⣬һ㣬˲䳯ѪħȥһƲɵ
ˡ
ѪħȻ󾪣ڷҪҲ顱һһָüģʱһѪڶ󵹷˳ȥ

ѪħʮָüģʱøˣѪģÿӴҪ׷ȴѪһӲ˻ȥ
һָұʮ
Ѫħ״񣬻䣬ȻһѪȥˡ
ʦã
Ůæ˹ʦ֮ǰĹѪħˣֻЩ
û¡
ҡҡͷԭȴ֮һġϡһΪѳʥ˳ӣˣյʦü⣬ʦֽΪȴԶ
ȵȣЦȥķǡˣ
Ѫħӵķɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱ׷ȥȻ׷ʮȴȻһƺߣɫ죬ʵôˣ
û¡׷
׷ɽ棬ʱҹĻããһƬüħͷѵܽȥˣ
˫ü΢ǲ뾪⼸λϵģ¹شҲֻɽϴƬֻ̣ɽϼâӳʱԽƴɽ
ɫֻ谵˼֣ЦԵ޹ʴؽ磬֮±Σֻܻͷ⼸λˡ
˳Ĭãüʦû˯ӤȥʦãӤ㡭ܴܲɽϰɣ
Żг˯Ӥ˼üʦ˵һؽվ⺢һǣ˳Ӧףҵ֮ˣ˽һг򡭡
֪
ƽԺҽ壬︧һ㲻κιϵ
Ŵԣ˲㰲ֿˣɫȻȥɣЦһ£ʱ˵գһһ̹ķȥˡ
ɽɽ£˴ԶִʱҹĻᴹ
оסŰ˼ңʱϢĲһԺڣֻԺСݣһѾϨƣһ仹
ǰţи˼ãʱлƹţ߾ŵϺ˶סˣɡ
ꡣ
˸ƣ˽Уǻ̻̣ʮǰλйһ֮Եպ£ŵС壿
⺢ǡ
ʱע⵽бŵӤ㽫ȥ˵ˣ֮ǻϲæӹӣУҲ¡
˿ģﲻ̾ã̧ͷпϡ⺢
룬ҹĻֵһƬɪ֮˿òŵǱ֡ͽһ
һһãã
ӤţҲ֪⺢ĸ֣˵֪𣬹һ֣պ˾ˣֻ£²֪
ֵֻ֪֪ҲҪ𣬾⳾úöȹһɡ
΢΢һ㶣ǲϵͷãá
΢΢ͷִӤϣöȥЩѪժǰֵˣм£ɽ޳ûհ죬ߴ˾ҪȥǱˡ˵꣬ȥ棬һ⣬̼ʧ


0001 һ
ȥתϴӾӤѹȥʮѪħɽҲϢ統һɽ¡
ǰ¹һ꣬ɽ·ЩŢ֪ģȻһһС֣е͸СүվסСү㣬ǴĹȲɣ
ֻŢɽ·ϣһòʮĽ꣬߻Ҷ׷ǰһ꣬겻ǱˣȻǵǸӤһˡ
Ҫ׷СүСү͸ȣ
ȴԲһһ߼Էúǽðɣ㼲ȥǺҶ۵òˣүүҪ˰ɣСܱˣͷȥʰ
ûõķ첻С֣Ҿҵǵȣ
һȣʱŵҶһæȥ
һһۣ͵͵һЦСү첻㣡һһѰ·һݴԱϣȻͣЪ
ܲˣ¶һɺЦ͵һ׼Ա߲ݵһʱ˲ݴϣȻǲݴȴһ³ȥͨһˤ˸ʱ໡ҽвֹ
һ壬ЦָֹⱾҰģͷҰʵĶҲ
һҪɱ㣡
˫۷죬ʹֱģǱѣҶ״ʱŵûɢȥҪү֪ˣ˷ǵһƤɣ
һҶҪˣͷܣ־ԣ쵽ɽˣǵð˵ɽҰ޳ûˣ˦˵
С֣վס
ﱻҶּ׷һ濴һۣޣ´Ұѿһ㣬һͷҰװ¡
ţѽɽɽҰ𽥱Щɭɭ׷ᣬȻһС֣Сү÷ˣСү̣ⷨ
˵˵ţģָӡϣȻһзɳֱһȥһȥһܵÿӴһЩˤɽ
ؿܣ
һ䣬һ߿ⲻһȥֱһƵ´ܣ۵졣
ϸǡȴһɫĽʣһʱһķӴطǵˣﻹԼȥԷ
ʵϣӵķһʩ˵ССͨʶѡ
ԭԼҼҴƴԱҲ֪ĸ˸ŮȻǰɽĵӿУȥˡ
˸ŵŮԼҸǲˣ˿ѽʣӯģֿˣֻ˽ʶû
ѽʣȴʹ޷ˣʮ˴˸ȥǣһɿˣⲻˡ
ĺɫãʯᾣɽ·ԽԽգﻹ׷ᣬۼǰ·ߣһһҧһͱڹȥ±ʣ̲ףʯȥ޻
һһֱɤۣҲֻӲͷƤȥֻҪȥˣٶʮӣҲϲ׷ˡ
С֣㻹ܣ
׷±ߣ޼ɹˣ˿Ҳֿǰѽʳһȥһ±㵱Ҫһֻһһһǰˤȥ
ĺɫĺϣһ˿ҲûɽʯᾣľҹĻã¸ԵɭɭһҲ֪䵽ˣֻ֫ٺǿҪɢһ㣬һһʹ
Ӵطˤˡ
磬øղʱٲţûŽǣֻǻ±ⲻһЩˡ
һãȻĹˣֻΧɭɭģģǰδߣҲʱ룬ɽҰ޳ûԼˣôȥˣҿû·ȥ
һɫӻ谵ˣʯᾣһеЩĻˣ·ЩľɽʯȫǾʱãһ䵽±ˣ־壬ܴ˴ɽ£й֮˵˿̱ܾñ˫۾һֱԼֱëȻ
˭
˸һתȥȴֲκη紵ݶոһɲо˶ԼѵԼԼ˵ֻҰޣˣɸոΪΡ


0002 ɽ
һԽԽǾñҲôˣǰȥȻԽǰΧԽɭֲǸÿֲˣɫѾԽԽˡ
Уܲˡ
һͣڵϣд󴭣䣬ҪԼˤطͬʱָеһҪԼҲܰţɽЩһŽȥͺˣҲô࣬Ҳû˸۸ۼҡ
šҪţ
һȻӵһ̣ǻһһȼָоδǿҹ̫СˣѵԼͰһӶҪС
ʹ壬й򣬳˹ݳǣݳǻоݣ˾ݻϽģɾм֮أԪŵޱߣδȥͷǴ˵ľڤɽ硭
һָһ̣еĸоһԭһ㣬Ȼ뵽ǽӯʱһˮͷϽŻϨˡ
յӣÿʮרɽѰƷ֮ˣԼ룬ÿطֻһСض˵ˣûù
ô졭
ǿգǽȥţԼݳҲ߲ȥʱԶһֱ˸ŶȻѹɽҰ룬ԼõĵγȥȥЩûõģһҰ޳û֮ʱ
˼ˣһСƸûߵһˮݱߣˮĨϺֱϣڲסϵζɽҰ飬ȴʮ顣
һкһ԰ǰУгԼѿȫˣһȻͣټˣҸطߣǰﻹڼҵԼҪһҹûȥǵˡ
Գ֮ʱ֪Ȼһһ¸ǾһæԵڵأСܣոһɲоˣҰޣɭɭĸоԲҰޣѵźɽ澹Ȼй𡭡
ˣ˵ʮǰʲôܵɽɽˣԴ˶ˡ
Խ룬ԽǸеһëȻʥ֮£ôйǹʲôǰɭ£
һһֱס˺۾Ҳգһ£ҹĻȻޱҹɫҪССûһ̣·ǸʣÿÿҪϢʡ
ʱԶȻոյǴǱߴģȥ
Զһ˸飬漴ݴѭȥֻԶһŮƮƮĶɷɣһȻһ۱ϳŵĸˣոǹɭɭĸоҲ漴ɢˡ
ˣ
Ҳһ·˶ڲݴһ΢һ˲仯ǰһ˴ܵȥ
ǿȥòʮĻŮԼ¶ӣЦСֵܱ£ӣһڴˣ
ȻԱȴ¶˽䱸ĿһҲϣСʦõģһСܵɽĪħļϸץȥϸʡ
һҪץԼʱһŮ귭˸ۣӶħ̼ϸö˶һ꣬ħ̼ϸˣ
ȿȡһҲԼСˣЩΣװһӣħ˹ƶˣɲ
Ůһۣ㲻˵һȥ¶΢ЦСֵܣʲô֣
һˣ˶ٲŵһ
һŮ˵ͷʵһڴˣأ
һĬȻһŵ׷ҰߣСĵˣҼ塣
ԭС
ʱһ˵ˣͻȥɣȻϽɽʮǰϾ룬ɽ˴λȥһ֪ˣⲻһ𷣡
Ů΢΢ͷһȥСֵܣΣգǴȥ߰ɡһ˵ţһǰȥ
һԥһ£ǽֺ·ϲ˲ȻŮֱ۵һɲǣȴܵһ㣬˲佫˻ȥҲһģЩˤȥ
ôˣ
ʱν䱸ŮȻع˶һۣʲôС֣ҽ²Ȼ˶ѣѽ𣬱˼ˡ
ԣջȥĿȴһһϣҲҶһ¡
˺ˡ
Ů˶һۣתһЦǣ߰ɡλһ˵꣬ץֱϣüͷ΢΢һ壬еһ֡
£ּɽŮһϷɽЦ¡һ˵꣬㼴ָӡɽϷȥˡ
ҹһӣЩģδһ쾹ܲ˵Ľϣأ·ľҲһ¿ֻǵعͷٿǺɽʱҹĻ£һͷԶźޣ·һֱ˫۾ɭɭļ¡
һ˸תͷҲҪɽˡ


0003 ج
Լ˱棬ʱҹĻⰲɽ䵽棬ǾͲȥ˰ɡ
Ƭ̣Ůǻعһ㣬˵ͷһЦСֵܣȥɣסԺҪǱˡ
һ˵˵ͷ˵ллȥ
꽥ʧҹɫµӰߵŮߣüʵʦãҼһֱ겻ᣬôˣ
Ů˫ü΢ԶȥıӰ˼ʲôòŵ˵ոһ˲䣬ڸܵһ˿Ԫ֮ô
ţʦ˵ʲôʲô
ҡͷһЦȫȻ߻ħˣ֮ԪٵüĵвУһʮ궼ԪˣǻҪ˵ȥЦ󷽡
Ҿ֪ǲţ߰ɡ
Ůٶ˵ˣָӡʱһɽȥˣҲ벻ףѵʱԼ߻ħþ

ҹСһڵһϪߣֻˮӯӯ¹⣬һһϴȥۣȥˡ
Ժ棬ֻ𲻶ֽӳһӰһ˽ȥ˾䡰
ϵĲѾ飬һ˹ȥĲ˵ҲҶ꣬Ĭš
תʮҴҶ﷼ï޽ǼѶ˼˿׷ãż̧ͷ˶촽ָ˴ˡ
һڿ˵ˣڨڨһЦȥԴӣһвˣһߺûأ׷ҰʱСĵˡ
Է
ﲻٶԣֹ꣬˺һŷĿӣȥЩƣ磬ϴƥȥ
Ŷ
һһκ־֣ʵö˶˵ģֲ£ͻȻͶȥʲô
￴һۣС溺£ⲻţٹ꣬ô
ۣһЩһڷ˳ګګһǸأǲ̫˵㣿
һۣ磬ڶţꣿ˼ڶɼˣأ첻ɽɽܣǸ˴ܣȥԺĸ￴㣿̾ͷҰЩóﰲһݣҲȢ˹š
һҡβګګĲ˵ˣԺֳ︡ǸԼ곤һ꣬ʱͦװͰ͵ڼС㣬֪ΪΣĪ˸ҡҡͷҲȥ
ɶȥ
ˣһ飬žһ죬һҲƫͷȥǲȥҲס
ɶüۿһ˰죬ڱĸ֣Ҫɣ
һ˳Ĭúһ΢ŵ̾ҫ޽ǵİ׷ֶһЩö˶˵ģʲôɡ
ܣһ˳ѧŵķˣҪ
㡭һҧſӴͷһ£Է
ӴһͷһЦֶԷչ󣬽ϣһ˯ˡ

΢΢ͷݵıӰòһ̾ԺֻʮǰǸҹϽһϣⷲﰲȻȹһ
ʱգһûκҲκʮת˲ţҲ˰ɣ

һ¹ԣ壬İꡣ
ƣȥߣʱɭɭֲĺɽʱڷɽ棬ݺأǺεȿ⣬еͷԽԽǿˣƽƽ⳾ȴһ밢ͿһҪԼҵѹ
´ߣʱֵģǧ˫֧ãڴ̨ߣګګҫ߿ӡ
Ǳǣࡢ诡Ȩ⡢ᡢ⡣
ɲɣɽߵɽ壬Ƕ컯ȻɣԱǵķλУƣɽεǵȥ
̾Ҳ֪ԼΪҪ̾Ѳ¶ͯǴӴУҲ֪ԼǰǹԼΪδֲֻᡣ
һҹȥˣգһǱجξѵģɫɷףͷĴ󺹣Ҳʪˣÿÿѣ벻ǸجξʲôֻϡǵãѪɺӣԼ˫ͨ죬ֻմѪ
Ρ
һͷ´ȥֻЩۣԺӰ΢б֨ѽ֨ѽиͣǹ磬ôһ˯˯ˣԣδԼѵûô
ȥݣϷż͸İͷһҲȥˣˮ˼ڣƼϷŵĲƥ뵽ǡС㡱Ųȥأֻʱôδȥͻƣ˵ʱҲûˡ
ʱԺȻ۵Ůͯһ磡һ磡
Ѿ
һȥ⣬ֻһʮ꣬βСŮ˽üѾɶˣ
Ůҭһڿˮָʮķ򣬼æ溽㣬ϱ۸
˵ʲô
һ΢΢һԳ˼ֲð绹δʵʲôˣ
ǡԼҵˣ
쵰
һʱɫ࣬ĹˣƼǽһѷĲ񵶣㶵һأԺȥ
Ѿ˵ߣŵСɷףŻźһȵȡңһû˵أǣ˺ö࡭Ȼδ䣬ܵûӰ
һ㼲ܿϣֻΧ˸ˮйͨǿֵģȴûһõˡ
ÿһã
һŬȺֻȺ룬ﵹڵϣԭҪȥ÷̵ɢһأЩһҹԼ֯ɵģһܻüʮͭǮȴԼЩͲ̤ò
ԣһʮıŮŮ㷢īĿԲŲԶһڶͣ㵱Ŀ
һЦⷽԲϣСү˴ŮϴȥЦ溣㻹ٹܣСүԺɻڴ
ŮŮ溣ֻʮ꣬ȴͤͤñ磬˿ԼҶԼʶ˽ѣϡޡһڡ
һЦһҶ˸ɫǼҶʱȥһߣſң
溡
һɿһĻ۾һ⣬ȺƼЦһû
ԭȥԽԽǲ˵ֳüʮӱֹܵһ˾Ҫ֪ˣⲻ˰ǰ͵͵ȥһû֮ŭҪˤ֮𣬶Աݳǣ޷ˡ


0004 
һûǼҶȥһŴӱ߿溵Ѹ긦ּˣһ
˵ߡһ˵ɫѸǱȥ𣺡
ҡҡͷ֪ԼҼҴƴ󣬲ͽǷǣԶ￴ȥү֪һεˣʲôԣ㿴үǳɲ

һ߬ģֻһŻ𱻽ѹţһЦĵðӿͷ±ȥˣҪȻ˴ֲ溿ȥңҲС
溻һ֪仰ʲô˼ɵ￴ȥԺһʮǰǸҹһú⳾ȹһ

һæסתͷŭӶȥֻ۾ͷŭ޽ҪҸӵ𣡡
ʱһۡ
ǺǡһЦһɽܲ㣬ҪûҴ򣡡
һ£߰˸ʱֳֹȥһ״֮ǰԺĲ񵶣溻󣬵߰˸ļҶ˭ԣ
Ӵ˫ǰ벻ЦҶ˴һҴ򣡴ҵģ
ĸҶʱŵôһæ˹ȥסһʱ

һֽţϹʱŵûʧɫ󺰣ҪˣҪˣ
ΧȺҲû˭ȥȰ裬׷ԶȥЦֹɫȻ֮򣡸򣡡
ĸҶϣȻҲǵһƴˣ϶ʮ־׼ȫͷϵҪֻ˴У˴ͷӱǡ
ˣǱˣ
ＱɫɷףһȴʼղһϹ겻ϣŵø˾ʧɫȥֻҪֳһˣ

һȻ۲ˣŵĵѣȴ֪˿һڣһתס˵ǵǹҲ˵һ֡
Ȼ䣬һۣӶȥĸҶʱͣһײ˵񣬶ʱԨһ㣬ֻһɺһ꣬˿µ˽ԲҶˡ
ͣ
һȣĸҶľͷһûõķĩһ˵ĹȥȻһǱʱҲ˸֮һɺ׹˱جΣҲ˵ˣ㣬㡭
ȥ
һȻñһȭһȭпɽ֮ٽؿʱһէ֣ǽʻȻȴ顱һʱķѣȻ޹⣬ҲӦɣһѪˤ˳ȥ
١ү
ҶʱŵûɢҲܲһˣæ˻ȥֻﵹڵϣѪӿҲ˵ǽһ£ֻѵϹۣˡ
˶ŵôˣ溻عܵһߣҪȻһ˲䴥һʱǵ˱̶һ㣬̲סһ

һһƺߣֻеһͷĿѣָֻܿ˹Ǳ߿ۣѹߣ
ߡ溷ҲǱ߿˿Ŵ˿̻ңȥˡ
˻صУǰһԲһ棬ƫͷϻ࣬òŵҵģһ̧ͷû°ɡ
ǿԣһҲ֪ʲôòŵ㶯Žû
һһЦŽˣһܻ𣿵ҿ¶²ˣ֣ʱôͻȻô󡭡
˫üøˣǴ´ˣӳ˽µãЩƾգҲЩǴȥݳǰһݣһպܹ뿪С壬ԼҼҴƴ󣬾ưոݣǽ
Ҫô죿
磬Ѿˡơ䣬ҪԼҵֶΣֻ·ǵùϸʮʮ겻ɣٳʱ˶ѾˣѵһΣǵȥ𡭡
뵽˴üȥ⳾һŮӣȴ֪Сɽ١һ˵óȴӵΪնŽ͵ϣ⺢մϹϵǺ𣿵ǳӣ˭ܾ
˳ţҩ䣬һһۣű𶯣ҩ
Ŷ
һϰˣǴĴ򣬲ݳǵвҲСЩҽҲãÿÿһˣҲˡ
Ӵ㣬ۡ
ñ𶯡
һۣЩһһЦ溽㣬˵ҪһֱôᣬǶáӴۣ
һ溲ҩ̾С溣Ȼȥɡ

˫ü΢Щⲻȥ˵»𣬵ȥϼζҩĻײˣֹˣ˺顣
û£ȥɡ
˵ͷһԵ쳣򶨣Ѱ˼̯£Ѽ´ˣĻ򶨵ţѰŮӡ
ǡԥƬ̣ҩ䣬һۣúˣٵƤˡ
ڻ֮ʣȻ˶һһ
ˣԼҵˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬֮ǰϣƺ˵òᣬ鵤ҩҲҪ²µ˴
ԼҵĹ
һ߷æȥһۣȥ
һ
ߵԽԽˣ΢΢һ䣬û뵽Լҵô죬溵С溣ҿ˵գҴȥˡ
棬ֻһ꺺Ӵ˲˽壬Ⱥ˸ɷɾͲֻԼҼҶôˣ꺺ӱԱİԴմڵţʲôˡ
Ƽȼƣŵ㣬֪һôԼôˡ
ԶүСƤ£αشôʲôܺú˵
˳һ߰˸ɷ֮ˣԵôݲȣһ帾ֳܱġ
һϴһ£Цүǵмɫȥֵǡ
Դڣһѽƿָģ


0005 Ⱥ
˸ŵò˵ʱֻһ˳Ҳһֳܹģɫ΢΢һ䣬ȥȥ
һһ˵ѾСˡ
һССͣȴ쳣ᶨĿԺ߰˸ˣߵߣֽһԴȥҾΣ
˼һС˸ӲеЩ˼飬ѰСȼƣŵÿˡ
ãõúܣС㵹ӲӲʱ
ˣԴǼΪķڼһ˸Ӳͷһ𣬺Ȼֻһ̧죬һƷ缤ȥʱͥԺ顱һһƽʵʵһϣһɣײǽϣЩһѪ

ʧɫæȥסһһĨĨѪԴ󣺡˵ԼҶүı𽭺ҿҲˣʮµСǿԡ
ԶŴˣԴڽϴ꣬书ǲϡ棬ֻһܶԸСص֣һҲǣúϸͳˣαҪֿԣһƣûˣ
ãã
Դŭ棬ָһֻһž죬֮ϣһ¹硣ʱ䣬ʯɣԸһСαҪľѧ˵ȥ½˳Ц
ס֣
ʱԶȻһŮȣţһ󼲷ɨȻ˲仯ˣһ꣬һ꣬һŮ
ڴһԴҲһŵˣ
һӺɽˣŮǰĿؿԴ󣺡Ǻˣ֪˴ɽ£
Դæ书˱˱ȭǹϡ
Ŷԡüһӯʲôˣ
ĳֶŮԴ󹧹˵ˣ޷ǰơ
꿴һۣˣڴѹգ˵У֪
ŴԣԴд֪潭ɱȣ俴ӯ£֮òʮ겻䣬ӯ֮ϻã֮£»ҪӯԴ˿̲Ҳæλֶ֪ȣĳҪȥ٣һʱ鼱š
ˡ˵꣬һپͲؼˣҪС
ʲô
ǵԴһ㶣Ҳһ˿ȥλɷ񡭡һЩ
ŮǰһԴ󣬲䲻ȵʦҪɽУڿˣȥɣ󲻵¡
һԴл̻̲һһ񣬶·˼־ɫѵСӾҲȻᱻ˿УԼ˺ͿǺá
뵽˴ԴҲҾ˹˹֣ϽȥˣҹݳǸ֪磬ֻڹһˣСҪȥˣֶȥˣУ±Щ취
Դߺ󣬴ָֻڴ񶼾λˡ棬Ҳ˳ˣֿһګګ
ŮĿ϶ͣƬ̣һȥһԼȻʦ㣬ո˵𣿡
ŮһЦָһ£Сһﵹǻ飬ôͽʦ˵ոֻҪȥƤ֮࣬Ϊβ˵
һжϥлƽ
СӣҾϲݹ
Ц˹Ůһۣȥġ˵գһһһؿڰ£Ƭ̱㻯ˣʵЩô
ûˣ
һͷĿɿڴǡ˱¡ôһӣ˾ͺˡ
ŮЦˣʱǵÿճʱʱҪԡʮ㣬Сҽлݺ˵գ˽һ漴Žȥ
ʧƼʣһηѣԼҪˣ
ֹ˺һ溲߹һʱƬ̾ԣһٺһЦ溽㣬Ҫȥˡ
Ŷ΢΢˶촽˵ʲôȴֹһЦû£йʱͰҲȥ
ң˭ϡƲƲ죬ֵ˵ţԺȥˣճԺӣƫͷСӣȥɽϣͱϸ˴ˡ
֪ٺ٣
нԶıӰһһЦССֻͣǰѣÿθ˴ܶ£ΪÿζĨҩ

ҹ¸һӲˣȴδô꣬һϲؽţſصӣƺûԼҪŶˣʵôˣ
ҡҡͷǲﷴţ˵ʦ𾿾˭ѵ𣿲ܣˣҲ֪ƽδչһͽ˲µĵӡ
ѵӷԸģȻԵ޹һɽҲ˵ͨΪնϳԵŽԸԼúڳȹһôֻɽ޿ܡ
ԽԽǾ鲻Ծ²ӵİţײΪǻˡ
뵽˴ЩΪѣһ˿˷ܵӣ֪Ȱ˵ãѵڤڤһǣô
ɫʣ壬һ㣬ڴ̨ϣң߿ӣȻ뵽հ쾿ô£ԼͻȻôһ±㽫˲
뵽˴иɻ󣬻ֱ̧ۣǰ㣬һƶԺһôȥȻֻһ紵Ҷ졣
һ£һջݺǰķԸÿ糿ĺʱҪԡСʱʱҲʱп˰ݷãЩҲлƣϸĴһС
ȵʮ죬Сʮ֣ҼһƸ˱ţǰѵһĺ£νĸԽһ磬㿪ʼȴˡһ
ȻȵʱҲ˶ʼС˽һҲЩĽˣʦ˵ջԼϲʳԣڻδѲɳʲô£ٵȵȿٵȵȿɡ
ӰȵĺɫʱɽҲ˶۲ֹѲŵ˰һˣλᣬǿ±ҪٵʮˣʱȴֹŵͣҲԵ
һģһġ
һģɽϵķţûǷɽԽ룬ҲҪȥ


0006 
Ⱥ۲ֹ֮ʱڣɽϺһϼʱˣˣ
ǵϼƽʱ𽥻һɫ⣬ȴȺ̰˽ԱסԴһŵģҲڽ
һİ£ȴǰݺˣһĹˣȷֻһˣΪβݺʦأ
ڴҲ񲻸˵ǰȺɨһۣǰݺǰƽ׽ˣ෴ȥЩģʵ˭һ
ҡǡ
һǰ˼̧ͷЩİӣ˿΢΢ͷҲ֪Ǻ⣬ֻɽɡ
ȵȡһɻʱķʵǡʦ㣬û𣿡
ӵʦðǰȥˣҪԽգ㡣
ŶŶһ˵ͷתǲ᣺ҡˡ
һ̾ǧֻһɽ֮Ӵ˿ֱɷ֮ң˵ʲôûпڣֻ˵ͷ
һ￴һۣת˹ȥӻҲ࣬һ⽫һ֣ȥˡ
ھӶأһܹţǵͬҲ˸󣬽С쳣֣ҼһƸֱҹƽ
΢ΣһڿտյķҲտյǶʲô֪пᣬǵһÿÿҹҲǺѣμһѪμһȺý׷ɱ
ÿÿҹκη紵ݶȻźԺ˼ҡεӰʲôҲûУԺŷˣСͻȻˣݡ

˵һӴɽһ·ϣֻƣɽɽ´ѽСɽɽ𽥱öҲɽµĴˡ
ؼ䣬꿴һƽҲϲĶɽ壬Щ¾ڣһʱкֿʧȥˤǣԽץӵ䣬аģȥţԼҪѧһ¹
һӺӴ䵽һɽϣֻԶмٲ齦ˮڣγһʮɫĲʺ硣
һҲû뵽ɽ֮ߣʼѿ䶥ôãߵɽ徹ȻɽҲûȻһ㣬ݣﲻһȻʵʦ֣ǲȥ𣿡
̧ͷߵɽȥòתͷ꣬һ̾ǿԼһҲǰǰˣ΢΢Цȥ棬ʮꡣ
ʮʮ갡
һȻһԭΪֱȥɽɽ棬ȴҪʮȥģԶ̨ͤ¥ѵﲻ
ӵŵġءԻƽ塯й涨½ڴĥ꣬ϣء壬ֱǡ塯ҩ塯塯
һʵȥغأ
΢΢һЦ䷳͵ȥزʽţ㿴컯ǱλϿˣȥ߷塭𣿡
ô
һƺʲô֮ǰ˵ݺʦȥ壬ʵʦɽ壬λϵĵӣ
ԣ΢΢һ㵣ҡͷһЦ߰ɡ
ſʮ꣬ĵӣ𡭡˵δ𣬱ɽ壬ҲԵȥڷ˶ԣνġˡǵȾɵǶԣɡ
Ƭ̺һչֻлƽ£ڽϸߵһɽϽһ̨ͤͤվλ뷢׵ߣмһ㣬ֳַ
̨ͤ棬Ȼվ˰Ůߴߴ˵ʲôȻǴ˴ŵµӣӷԸһȥǱߺ漴˫һ㣬̨ͤλʩһ񣺡ƳϣԳϣϡ
λ΢΢ףƽλϣмֳַǴ࣬µǶϵīұµҡ
꣬ݺ˴ζ֮ˣ
ƳϽڼϣ˵ʱһȥƴƽƽվȺҲڣЩɻ󡣶ʱһҲϱ˹Ŀһ

ӵ˵ͷ·꣬ոʱϸ̽ڲʦ˵Ԫ֮ʦǰؽأҲи꣬ΪصӣΣ㿴컯ˡ
ֻعͷλϿȥʵˣڱ㿪ʼô
ƳҡҡͷԶƵɽȥòŻҪٵһ
ٵһˣ
Ӳɻ󣬾ʲôҪλͬʱȣƬ̺뵽ʲôɵȫһһ±ɫλϣŵصѵѵǸ
λӿЦͬʱ˵ͷˡ
ӸĿŵɫҪֻࣿ࣬ôƽ壬ѵֱȥ˴ŷЩףֵǸӲǴ⡭
λҲֻǿЦӲ˲亹ðλϣصӣȥ߷壬Ҳλģ˲λǹģڸոʧ̬Ҳȷʵں֮С
ƽȻҲµһɽ壬߷ȣ֮𣬶ͽǿƷУ츳ߣֱ߷壬š
֮Ըе𾪣ΪҪŵǸŮֹ츳죿˵֮ڣԪŵѰٵڶˡ֪ǧԪŵس츳ߣΨˣһˣǵˡ
Ԫŵص컯棬˽Ի벻һˣ˲꣬ΪδԵһζܹ
һԣܹʮʱһǱ㣬ӽʱѰǿžġ۶ɾ͡
ҪŵŮ˵۶ҲѰ֮Ѱٳڶˣ˿ѱ֮Ϊһϡ
ԽԽǸе亹乣˹츳޷Գ֮ŮǵֱܹӰ߷壬һӦǳΪλһ˵״ӣΪʲôҪССƽ壿
ʱĺɫɽӰбĨһѶ亹ŮȥĿ⽥Ǹƽƽ꣬һϣһҲԶԶؿ


0007 Ů
̨ͤ·Ůߴߴ˵ͣһվȺϣĿɽ̨ͤ˻ʦַλ˵Լ鲻ϱ仯
˻һȺ濴ȥŸˣ˲ǱˣȴȻҲ翴һЦߵļŮ˵
ʦ֣иѾ𣿡
Ա߼ŮΧ˵ͣո˵и壬ƺҲΪʦ֡ˡ
һЦȻǿɲ֪ҽ㱻˿Уֱӱȥصҩ壬ãҲҪȥˡ

Χ˶ͶȥĽ۹⣬һЦһƳۣһ˿ɱرϸ֮
Զһزһ˿ɱȴɫڴʱԭֵȺȻֻԶһýʮ߰ŮƮƮɽϵͤ档
Ůһ£ӯŶ̶꣬òʳ˼̻Լҵǧӯ
λϡ
ӯͤǰλ΢΢˹֣ɫȴǰ㹧Ҳ֣Ͼֱȥҩ塣
ȥ΢Цʧʦýпƽ壿
˵ҵˣ
ӯ˵ʱ·Ⱥ￴ȥʱָߺ㣡
ӯ¶΢ЦһƮƮȥ˾λǰԵЩ񣬵λȴȥ˵ʲôϾӯݷͬСɡ
㣬ôп
Ͻϼ˷ֵ⣬ӯһЦⲻ㣬Σû˰ɣ
Ȼû
ٺһЦһǱ߿ۣӯЦЦû±á˵ʱҲһһۡ
һۣ·𽣷ϵĺâһ㣬ֱ׹Ԩվһ궼ʶһԱȥöԷΪԼйء
Ƭ̣ŮǱߴӵȥǹһΧ˵Ц֮£һӰվڲԶԵˣǶһˡ
ȥ
λʾҲȥһԣͷһʧӣһЦôˣ
һŻع̧ͷ˿ҡҡͷûʲôЦЦԶȥʦˡ
ʲôһ̧ͷ˳ȥֻԶһŮǻݺګګʦ㡭
ݺ䵽ǰɽһЦҽö£ʦ㣬㲻˵ɣ
ûûС
һҡ֣Ǳ߿һۣһߣʱߵȺҲÿˣΧȻӯ߿˹ݺʦ㣬þò
ʦãþò
ݺҲһ±䵭࣬Ȼҩ岢Ҳˣ³ݺȥ塣
ӯһۣ¶֮ɫˣǻݺʦģ
ôô
ݺһ̣Ŀӣϵķâһ㣬˲
һ±øˣ¶֪ĺͯʱҲܿ˫ìڣһһԼͶԼ֮ûʲôøУ˿̸ûʲôɫЩֻܿĶΪã
ʱǱʹһ㣬ӯк¶ҪɽϺȻϵƽ֮ԣ޹رȥɡ
仰۵ӣʱ·һӯ˵λϷȴҲ֪ߵı£ٸʮĵУҲƲƽ£ֻһ޺޵һۣһȴǰɱ
һܶһۣһЦҲͬʱȻŮѽԿʼѽǲˣ
µķ壬̣ö˲һ׷ѭȥֻһʮŮ
ŮһƮƮЦ紺磬ȫס˺ǻݺӯЩУʱҲһŮƣϵСһ㣬ó˼䣿
Ҳס˺һֱŮǸԪŵˡ
ǡʲôѽ
Ůһаģգһ˫ۿˣĿһϣһЦιأ㿴ʲô
һŻعͷһƲң㲻ң֪ڿ㣿
Ȼ˿һ㣬Ůúÿſó񣬶룬ոʦ棬λɫòϣѵ̸


0008 
ֱ߽ˣ̨ͤϵλʼŷӦæЦˡ

Ůһ֧·ժɵĻһЦƤֻž̫ãǻȥԼţȴſ羰ȥˣʱλϲҰɣ
λпЦæ˵Цˡ
ѾͷʣôһССƽ壬Ҫһμԣ޷ǱŮԣϲ֮Ҫֱȥ߷壬ҵ
Ǿͺá
ŮЦӯӯ˵˵ʱŮȥٺãŮ⣬ϲͬ˴һ飬ҪЩΪһһͷӡ
һգգضҲˣһһԵó࣬δӷλϵķӦҲ֪ŮݱȻͬСɣֻ´·
ˣɫԱٿʼɡƳ˹˵ʱ˿ȥҲԻȥɡ
ݺŽĿŮջһһЦСһùҵ塣

һ˵ͷòײΰŵĻᣬҪùλʦն顣
ӯҲ˵˼仰漴һҩķȥˡҹĻᴹʱӺͻݺҲ뿪ˣ·ϣãǿڵʦãɵСƽƽΪ㶨Ҫ
ݺ˫ü΢ںɽһһ˲䣬ȷʵӦһ˿֮ȴҲӦˣѵԼӦ
ĬҡͷһЦҲ˵ˣ˲ŷɽܿʧ˲ãĺɫ¡
ҹ̣к֦ͷԺһƬӰһͬסֻʱסޣһлҪȹ˵
£Ǹϵĸҹӣһڴ̨߷һµһ𣿺٣˵ϸ°ˣɵĵ㣬˱ض뾡һа취㡣
Ҫɡ
һڴ̨ߣŴ¹⣬Եú⣬ֵ˵иɽ߷ĵӣλ϶ȥ㻹Сĵա
Ŷ
һˣڴ̨ߣճţƺһжǰǰãԼ뿪ˣһڼңҺû溽ȥ
˵ˣֿʼ߶߶˵ʲôֻһ˵˵ֻҪԱֺãлȥ壬пֱȥ߷塭
ңλϣȥλ
⻹ʣԱүʣȻǰϵˡ
ҿû˯Ѱɣ˭֪ϴյӡʣӲǰĳЦ
֣һȴʼն̨Ժӵ¹⣬·˿ص¹⣬Ҳؽⲻĳüϣ޼رܡ

ΪһȺŮʹԭƽ壬ҹøǵƽʦʦϴ󲻸ˣţձضҪȺСԵͷ
һֱ賿ҹһŵӷ𽥰ʱ죬һߵɽϣƺӿʱʱεΪ׳ۣ±ϣֻһŮ±ߣƮƮһöѪǿ˼޽⡣
ŮӲǱˣ˴֮ϣ߷֮һ壬ɽڸ֮ϣÿÿҹ£ȴ˼ֹº
ȻһƺӿøǾˣüͷһ壬һѻһâӿƺƬ̼һɽϣɽ룬Ϊȴ߷֮һ塣
һǰֻдһʵʱ٣ʱ桭ʦýҹϾ壿
û˵ȥ棬ֻһ֣֮ˣһģһӣӣȻֻһ棬һǼ٣ȴ޴ӷֱ١
ʦ֣ҽһ֡˹ȥص
Ŷ
һ漴ȥǵ֪ʦãҪ⣬Ϊξ֣
Ǳˣ֮һϡ໹桱˵ʦܣ˵ĵӣ˵ӦƺΪʦ塱ǰ̳һɵתΪϣյļλʦʦơ
˿Ӳԣ첽ǰݳһ񣬵к֮ǰöѪ


0009 
໹нӹѪ񣬶Ƭ̣ԻֻءϹмأֻߣ棬Ȼ棬תϢɱ겻ʦҪ⣬ˣ
ǿ໹֮£ңʮǰʦڹŴӤֻʦһܽ⣬ѯ֣˵գöѪ˻ȥֵַֹʦһˡ
໹˵˾ֱȻý⣬ջѪз˼Ǿ仰ֹһˡּϺڰ״䣬һδգ˵ʦֽҹһ˶ġ
໹Цʦýҹ֣˾һա
Ӳԣ£˼໹˼˵ʮǰѪħЦɺɽ£δʦÿ֪ΪΣ
ӵ߷һ˿ɽָܴ֮ˣɽ£ҵȲóȻѰɲصĺ
ҲҲ
໹£˵Ц챻ʦõָشԪٻָΪָڶˡ
ˣ
üͷһ壬Щ⣬໹ȻҲʦתؽ磬Ҳڶˡ
ҲǶˡ
˫üøˣʮǰѪħħɣűԼһָشһмʦҲСӣڶʲôˣΪҪ㣿Ȼ䣬еһ뵽ʲô

峿һˣɽϳ¶δطһ̱ԼԼŮյĹȿڣȻҲĺʱǸµŮ
ʱʵϾǰ˴ɽ룬һ¸˵Ӧʲôʱ߳ͨδ߳긴ԣҲ˱㱻
ϣ˳ͨҪ˳ͨҪֵñȱ˸㣬ȱ˸пֱӰ塣
Ƭ̺˶ɽֹ˴βԵ½ӣвƽʦʦ㣬ȥֻͷܶŮԾԾԣܹŵľǷ֮ҲЩԸⶼЩԼȱ˲
ŮٺһЦʦãһɣ׼ȳ
ŮӯȻһЦҪҲء
һΧʱȻЦͷͷһƲϽĸġʱЦ
һƳһۣﰵһ䡰ݰ㲻ᣬȺλϵ
˴Լʱ䣬λϳˣһ㣬һӣһ㽫ס̼䲻Ӱɽˡ
ɽ沼һЩ򵥵Ļþ󣬻һЩ÷ĻޣЩһԶûʲôѶȣɽɽµܣƺ˲١
Ƕ˶ԣǾͿ಻ˣ˶ǸҹС㣬ƽܹȿࣿﶮñܿҰޱܿߣҺʦʦ㰵бȻԻδһ룬ư˱ȫɽҰˡ
ʱһһȥ磬ȻݴһӰϺֱͿҩݣǱˣȻһˡ
ٺ٣Ȼһ
һ濴˿Ӱǵ⣬ԼһϣֱӽذɣĻͿʦ㴫ԼˣԵʱԶһϺȻЦι
˭
һ˴ѭȥֻŮ֦ϣеҡСţһôܣôܱԼ
ۣ
ŮɵģһЦ˫֦һţ㼴Ծ£ߵǰһͷģ̲סЦ˳ԼŪôģɵ
һۣõ㶮ʲôЩҩĨϣԱⱻ涣ҧ
һ˵ŮЦúϲ£ˣһǱȳԺҪʦˡ
ңһͷһƲϴ󲻷ˣ붨λϸʲôűȳ
ŮӣȤʵιʲôְ
һ
һŮҧָ룬һЦְ˭ȡģ
Ҫܡһһۣʵʲô֣
ңŮȤؿЦҵֿɱֺˡ
㵽׽ʲô֣
һҲȤŮ߽Щ֪

Լ߽һһľګګص˵ͷֻ˿һСӣԼȴ̶˼
Ů߽󣬼ͷԼ̶ĴһһЦֶͷ˸㣡


0010 
һ΢΢һ㶣ֽͷһƫң˵ˡ˵գȥһɽϵϴˡ
ԼһʱĺɫŮҲ½½ɽˣŮʦ㰵бãȺͲˣ涣ͷ׵øͷƵġԭȴǳϷֹףɽ沼½󷨣κʧЧˣӯûƽ壬ô֪أ
ǡԼҴүһ˰û°ɣ
һ׵øͷƵЦ棬ﱻңǰ˵ʲôҪ²˶Ц
㣬㡭һá
һǻϽͣô֪ϽͻȻʧЧô֪ЩרŶҧ
Ůʹֿʼ֣ԶɽͷϣλϲɫôÿȻŵˣƽƽŮ츳ƽĵӣ꣬˵ȷʵһЩҲֻǶñܿѡ
ʵλϵҲʮìܣкʵĵӣĴβǼϼһȥˣµ˵ʲô棬ҲվֻƽƽÿεԣûʺõĵӣǶʵһ
˶һۣһ̤УڵӼˣʱðƳǰһվɨһۣǱֵöкú
һԣڵֻһȴԾĬƺܹоϲôϲǡ
ЩϻĵӣƳһ̾ԽԽǾεĵɵɵ𵱳ͻݺһӲ˲֪ΣҲȥѵʲôˣֻ࿴һԾĬһתŮȥɫһ±ºЦѽ㡭ɽ𣿡
ȺһְˣŮȥګګʦã㲻һ𣿡
ŮüЦȻҸǿɲһţҪء
ʲô
һԣŮǸľ¡ûɣ
λпЦ˼ʲôˣʲôˣһ˵ƽδչһͽҪյĻҲֻһˣŮʲݹԪݣѰٵڶˣ£Ϊʡ
ƳԵ߿ȥʦܣ͹ȥɡ
һߣһȻĬԭҪλ£Լ֮𡭡ţͻһι˼
һ̧ͷŮµؿԼͷô
ҽѡ
ʲô
һ΢΢һ㶣̧ͷʱŮȴȥˣСŮЦסǡ紵Ʈu٣衯ѡ
ʦõ֣ء
һ궼Ůȥķǳճճһ㣬òعʣλһ̾ҲȥѵˣַԸ˼ӰŽˣȥˡ
죬ƽʦʦ㰲µӵ飬λƽæȻЩ¡
ƽ˲٣ȴ࣬ÿӶõ˵ķԺ䣬ڵȻҲʦʦǴڣ˽ֹ໤ѧ͵ѧŴɣڣȥΪǽ
һ˴Ƭ̣һŲ֪ʦˣȥţֻһò㿡ʵʦվǰЩģﻹһ鼮
ʦ硣
ˡ
˵ţֽ鼮ȥ·ˣұʦˡ
һʦ֣֡һʱˣʦƽͬʦһ¸æӹ鼮ллʦ֡
ءһ̧ת뿪ǰֵҽȻ伮ȿкβ֮ɽԺң⣬һºиԻ䡣˵գԺȥˡ
ǣʦ֡
תȥıӰ֪ΪΣһֲõԤУżȻﲻ֪˭˵ʲôҲܲôˣ·ڴϺ󣬱Ȳ鼮
ɽδϹѧãҲʶ֣ʱϳǵҵ伮ķͷһؼ
ʦִȴûɣ伮Ҳкô
һü΢仰ҰοѵһţȴڵģӦһЩҪЩ伮ȥɽѧأ̵ܽϸЩ
ʱһΣѹȥ£ȻÿջһΣÿҲֻǻһ伮
һԼֻܷЩ伮ʲôޣ֮ʼҲУ֮ĸҲֻʲôɫĿä˶ٻ߱ʲô֮֮磬ߡ
Щģֱζͬﵽ˼㣬ٷЩһŵµӣвڸԵʦָֽ£ѾʼϰͽˣԼȴնЩʲӵ伮
һԽԽܣҪģɲǾЩûõļһУȽʦˣҪʸ


0011 
磬һҲûԣò׵ȵʦˣȴʦ鼮룬ȻһЩʲӵ伮
ȻһͼһƲֵӣüʵôˣǰҸĵ伮ô
Ŷ
һϴȤ˵ҲԵ㡰ŶһȻüͷøˣŶʲôŶоУûоûУú˵ô
ѵԼһǾвһһ˵ʦ֣ҲףΪʲôʦֽ㣬ǴȴҶЩûõĶ
Ȼ΢΢һ㶣ɫʱһЩǰĵ伮䶼ǽʥԣɵģҺúö
Ŷ
һŶһҲټˣֻý伮£Ȼһߣһȥˡ
Ӱ޺ۣܿǰ¹ȥˣһͬÿЩҵ伮ȻӲһ˿һŵĵӣϰûߣѾܹˡ
һţģűǾȻк顢ϵ⼸׶Ρ
˵һЩ֮УʮпԪʮпɳ𵤣пɿԪӤпԪϣпһ߰ν֮ɽ٣ǧ޳ɲʱǷޱߣܡ
ʶСǾһΪߵ͵׼򣬵ļʮУȴ˵ӲҪô޳ɡ׿Խʮʱ޳ɶʮУƽƽʱҲδ޵ʮУԪʱδܲƳ֮գǱֻֻһ
Ҳˣһ;˿кŬ񣬻ÿ֣ʲУŬٶ鵤ҩҲԵ
鼮һ磬ձǳԻˣʦʲôҲûԼʱȥ̨ϣ˴ףЩʱշĵҩԼﻹù
һһų˯ҹȴǷȥ˯ţҪôجμǴȥĺɽĹȣиԼţû˯ãڶήҲ𴲣ҪҴҸвμӳԻ䡣
ճʱɽѾվˣ˰½ӣвƽʦʦ㣬Ȼλϲûλƽæй͸ıԡ
ֻӣﶼһѽ˵ʲôɽܺùһô棬Ψһﴧű¾ȥɵɵġ
ԶվȺ֮УЦаһӲ㣬Ͳԡ
һֻλʦֺλʦ㣬Щˣһ˶ſչָһƽʱ͹һƽ̨ðµӾϣɼҷһôһ̨ʵֻġѡ
ڶ̨ˣڵϳˣֻһʮİһԾױɵ̨ϣ֮һǰɽֱˣѧԽԽѡ
üӢ̨»ӶȥЦλʦʦͽ̣
Գʦ֣˶ЩԾԾԣϾҲ뿴һǾΣʱ̨ǰĿȴһϣЦǰУλʦҵȳձʦܴͽһΣ
Ŵһ˶һȥ뵽һǰԣıȷʵʮֹˣҲÿΣԶϵЦݸˡ
һ̨һۣҡֵҲҪỹʦְɡŲôɵأԼһᣬȥǰҪǰڹأղŲأ
˿̨̼ΧӶЩǳԻ䣬˵̨֮˵㵽˭Ǳ㲻ƴǡ
һЦʦܱ´󣬻ʦȥǿ۽ɡ
һæҡֵʦ㱾´󣬰ײˣӲ˵˼ҳײȥɡ
ˣ
ʱ̨ºȻһȣһ±Ⱥѻȸȴ֮ǰʩʦһɫصܹţѵãճԻ䣬ȴһƴǣɺͳǲԺħʱҲҪηηβţûų򣡡
һ˵꣬ԱһСʦʱСʦֱգЩаħŲء
ʦһһڵƽϵӣʱҲҶ˵ʲô׷һȥ
Ȼ㵽ԼһҲֻӲͷƤϳȴһţƽ̨ԼɣҪȥǲѣȴ޷ʩչ
ֻߵ̨£ž飬ֳƽ̨Ե˫һţŬ強ȥӲЩЦôǵһ̨ŻͦգһµȻ޴棬вʦʦöЦȥģ
ǰʦָɫˣƽ˵ֻأôδ˭㻬̨ģǲΪЩħҲұ·սˣֱɷҲ
̨ǰҲЩ̿һòˣſһַڱְڳƣʦܣͽ̡
Ŷ
һŶһĿ֮ʣȴδڿƣǻóǱЯľ飬ָһҳѵһƪ˳ɵǳǳޣ֮ʼУ֮ĸ
ʲô
̨ʱһƬȻȶͱȶʲôˣ
ʦʦҲ̲סˣȫЦǼɵˣδɵˣѲԺħ·ʱνóһԷȻȰຣͷ
ǰʦɫˣֱûԱСʦü״æҡ֣ʦֱ𣬱˵˵ȡʤأ㿴ŵöҶء
ȷʵˣˣסˣһ˰죬һҲѲɻʲôĪķھګګǸʦܣͽ̡
һбһۣⲻڴͽһ£ʦÿôҵģҺúţǰĽʥԣɵģ
һɷнµӣ̨¸ǴЦȻΨԶȻɫ࣬Сӹ飬ⲻڵڸˣһԼδκ
˵һָڶҳʳޣԹ
СӡˣңעˣУ
һ˹ȥȻѳ£һһƷʱ㽫ȫסһ嶯ãҿлδȣһǿƷ֣бָУԹ裡
Ǳ֮໹̨һƬȻЦһ˸գָּԼȫڳԼһƸͣȻ̨Ͽ
Ӵӣ
ۼԷͣһû˿ȥӲӣֻұܣ´ܣʮǱ
˰죬һд󴭣ָãߣͬͬν֮
ͷ
һȥƴ磬һæض㿪ּû֮֮ţҵ£߾˵գһӳָȥ
Ӵ
Ȼ䣬ֻðһҽУĵȥ
⡭ô£
̨˽һͷˮѲˣܰ˸


0012 ɱ
ֻ̨ϣǰڵأϺȻѪֹ۵ֱ̨˴ŻȻЦԭǷһŹ֮ʱһʯͷո˵һ߾ʱȥ
һ߾Ƿɢ˰ע⣬ԲŻᱻͷУȣһƨȥ˿̨ڵЦűȶýҴģû뵽Ȼʯͷ˵ģ
ǰʩչʦָɫˣŵĵӣڱȶоȻʯͷˣоСк죿˵ȥǽЦƵǣһȻˣ
ԱСʦæҡֵʦֱգգ⣬ⲻҲǹвʤ
ˣűȶ㵽Ϊֹ֮ͬ꣬ʦֳˣǡ
̨ϣһװģ˱ȭҪûǰ˿׷ߣһߡ绢
Ӵ
һҪٴ̨ȥȴӲǱԷľ˻ȥֻͨ죬ǺȻ߻ħһ㣬˫ᣬвס϶Ȼ˼
̨ʱȻѾܹˣ
Ȼʲôʲô壬ֻˣ漸ʦʱһ۱㿴ˣֻɻ󣬼µҲõº˲ܴڣǴϰã
һУ
˫ͨ죬ʱ߷һնȥһæԱһˣܿȻ䲻ݷ֮ʣܵÿ͡ؿڣѪ˳ȥ

±ߺüŮŵ쾪˳ֻǰͨ죬Ȼ߻ħˣ˫һϮȻֳɱ
һû˿书ϻڹҲˣʱȫȻзǰ´򣬺֧ܿŲס˹ȥ
ס֣
˾֮ʣ̨ʦһɣǰüģʹ侲˫Ҳָɫ
ֻʦɫʵ˭˵
һ̣ʦϾţǰʱŵûһ̱ȥ̨£ȻڵһϵҲȻոհͻȻ߻ħΪȶȥ£Ҳǹˣ֮˱ؽܳ͡
ʦ֣ȱô࣬ﻹиء
СʦҲݷٽһ˹ס˵ʦһۣüͷһ壬ȡһöҩ赯Уüǣȴȥ
ĻȻҪֻǴµӶһĻˣҲҺǵ㵽ΪֹһȻͻ˷䣬ȵƻʱת
Ӵˡ
ֻһһеһʹȫӶֵƺѾȬˣòŻµô齣վӣԼϵģв߷ߣҪʦֿϴԼһᱻ˴û
ʦֲϽԼʲô취Ѿʦ֣ʦʦϲٴԼΥŹģܹ壬ݺʦڶ˽´Լµӣܻ˭Լ˽໤ѧǴ
һԽԽǿգ˶ǽļΡϰһαһºһԣҪٲЩԼǵñ˴ɣѲҪԼȥ͵ѧ
뵽˴һ˸͵ѧǹعҪǱŵĻǿǻᱻϳȥģҼһƸԼһ£ͱϻȥĻԺð̧ͷˣУ˾̫ðգ򲻿ɣοţҪ͵ѧؼôף˷ǵòʧ
ǳ͵ѧʲôѧһüԽԽ뵽ʲôΪʲôʦʦ㶼ᴫΨʦֲϴԼƺе㲻Ծ
һϸϸ˼ֻһЩϸڣЦѵǡҡҡͷڻȵȵ˵ҪȥҲɣҲʦΪԼȴøպӿ쵼߻ħ⵹Ҳ
һЩҵ伮һʼȴ֣Щ伮ǲظѧÿÿԼķʱֻҪһܾȻǰľѪʥԣպԼдá
ռȻ飬ʦϴԼôȻˣֻٵȵȿ
òְ죬һϵҲȬˣʱȻˣͬһ鼮
ʦ֣ˡ
һ˹ȥӭӣʶе鼮һۣȻȬ΢΢ͷֽ鼮ݹȥǱŵĻķھȥúñвв֮ҡ
𣡡
һϲ⣬ʦϴԼˣȲӹǱķȻ΢΢ͷЩʱ㾲Ĳˡ
ããʦߡ
һϲһߣʱ죬ûûҹⱾķھһǵȴֲֽԣⱾķƺֻǿھѣȫûᵽš
ʦôΪʲô
һеʮɻˣ˵ΪԼøҲòˣֻҪȥǰЩͿԣΪʦֻǲϴԼţ
ʱֹȥһ£ڼйΡСԡµӶμӣʣһÿȥ˹ÿҲǱñϣȥ
֪ѾˣĵѾܹ壬Ƴɷ磬˽Щ伮أǽЩھʲôҲᣬʱգȻûдκš
±Ρ
鼮ϣһһ˿âټȥˣʦָûҪԼձҪȥ̽
ĺɫʱĺԺ棬ȻһһԺУһʱס˺ǽϣϸ̸֮
ʦֽô磬˷֣
ԺһӵȻ˷֣Щң
Ժ棬һһݣȻʦ֣͵͵ʲô²ɫ͵˵
ʦֲҩҽòײġ
һЦӻһֻƿֵʦ֣аҵķԸȥ
Ȼеƿ̰֮ɫһţ䵭ص㿴£ѧʲô֮
棬һһԭˣʦֲϴԼһ֮Ϊ˴õô
ǮʹĥЦûúܺãʱҴҲˣû˼ˡ˴ﶸȻ¶ɱڣҪ㲻ŪҲҪӴ˳Ϊһ


0013 ն
Ժһ±Ϊ̣ãȻƽ壬Ҳţǹ򣬲ҪΪи㣬Ϊ̫ˣ߷˶ԣǶ϶ѣûʲôҲһ
ﵭһЦգЦˣҲʦְæʦҲպҪȥҩ壬ֻҽܹ㣬򡭡һʦְɣ޳ͷ֮գϾոҲ˵ˣǶֻϣǺǡ
Ȼ䣬Ĭãڽɿָԡ
Ŷôʦ˵ϸһЩﵭЦ
ȻһҴһšԵʱ̨֣ȶǼס̨㲻ֻ⡮Ĵһɡ
Ȼأ
ٻһ֮ã޷ٵȵһºʱһŷ˲佫ȫѨֻʱȫȻܹӴҲǷһ졣
ãã
Цݸպˣɭɭ벻ʦ֣ҸҪĺ
ߣ
Ȼһ䣬ס²κ֪㣬ʱΪǰװ߻ħҲֻʧ˶ѣ֪ˣʱң֮ž飬ҪֻñħӴǰ;٣𣿡
Ժ棬һֻһëȻǽżȻⷬԻԼǱĪˣôĶ֪
ԽԽǸеһľҲǶ˺˵ʲôˣ뿪һ·ݣһ·ӶҵģôҲû뵽˾ȻҪأ
ӣߣ
˿ֻһͷɲˣɽͶɣҲҪĪｫҪԼչˣ
һҲᣬôҲǶ˵Ķ֣ԷռȻѾɱôҪȡԼν練ƣϲȥ壬ֻߣܾһ
뵽˴һŬɫֿҵķ䣬һżװԼѾߣŴҴԺȥ
һ·һһϰ£º׷ǰ·Ǳߵ̫࣬Ǳ߱Ȼᱻֻ֣ܴӺɽȥ
ʱĺɫɽӲݴʯᾣɭɭļ£ʱҲ˲ʲôˣһ·ͣĿ񱼣Ȼͷˣ׷ɱڡ
ҹĻᴹʱһܵ˺ɽİɽڼ仹̫ܵˤΣЩǧ£Ȼ׷ɱȻͣܵһˮߣʵǺɬͣ˼ˮ£ּ
Ҳû뵽Ȼʦ֣ȻȻǹҪ˳պٱ
պɲɣұؽ㹷նɱ
ССͣо˿˿һԼҲûʶ˿УպɲӰ졣
ͨһɫ谵ɽ·᫣һˤ˵ϣֺ׷ɱҾסʹܣױ㼫Ӳֻǰί˳
ö˶˵ɲɣҪ׷ɱȻ˴ܣȴδй֮ģȴҪӺնĸѲ⣬벻žȻҲһɹ֮أɡҲգ
Сһίָз߷ߣͬʱȻֲõԼҪţһҲˡҲʲôˣûһ˻Լ
ţһҲ֪ܵˣܻ谵ɽ·תΪƽأʶѾɽˣֻɽΪξɽϻֱ࣬¡
Ӵ⣡
ʯᾣľϤһʱ֪ܵϴεĺɽĹˣû뵽ƽɽ棬ɽôܵµĹطˣسȥô죿
һãȻĹˣֻΧɭɭ·ЩʯľǹˣֿȻ׷ɱҲֻһҧƴǰȥ
ȻԽǰܣһɭԽŨأʵڲˣҲûˣԴϴһֱجβϣܸойֲ˫۾Լ
ǰʥ֮£ôҲйʱ侭󣬱ɽ¼ʹйҲˣŪñǽȻ˸ɱˣԲŻԹǻɽ²ߡ
ʱɫѾȫˣһԽԽǸеëȻ˫ȭйĪ֡ҲıŻæҪǧĪҡһ˵ţһߴ˿ּǰȥ
ȻܣҲֵܲɽ룬߷죬ǹһһԽľ²֪ʲôһ£ͨһˤ˲ݴ
ɷɷɷ
ҲǴʱȻһϯҰֱŵһҲҲסˣʲʲôˣ


0014 
βֻ죬һס˺ҲҶһ£ϴɭɭĸо
ٺٺ١ŵСӣ㵨ô
ʱ֪ڴһɭɭЦһ˸飬һ±׹Ԩֻȫһ䣬˱£·ڤظﴫһǻˣ
ԷȻˣһǰǰеһδ֪־壬׳ŵʵ㡭ǹ
ٺٺ١
ɭɭЦٴ𣬸ŴһɳƵȲˣҲǹ
ǡʲô
һ׳ŵӣŬҪ֪ԷĸȻһعͷʱǰȻһſµʱŵҽһһˣЩˤȥ
㡭㡭
һźǰˣֻͷ棬ݿ£ƶѵһ˫Ѹذ˽ȥ·ŴǷĹʬһˡ
㣬㾿ʲôˡ
ٺٺ١²¿
ңҲ²㲻˵ˡ
һ˿ڿˮǿŲԼɭɭһЦһ˵꣬귴ӦץһԶȥˡ

һŷӦȻعʱȴѾһɽˣɽұ治֪ʲôŵĹ⣬ɽֲָ
㡭ǰǰ˴Σ
һܿ˿ûһЩͷӣ԰ģСʱ˵ɽг˵֣Ȼûйͷӣ˱㲻ˡ
ٺٺ١
ǹͷ棬һ·ãƲԭģɭɭ㣬
ҡ
һüͷ˵ҵһǱϱߴģһΡ˵˴ԴǱ÷߷·־Ҳˣ㽫Ȼһ˵˳
ԭˣԭˡ
ͷɭɭҲǰ˺ˣһֱٺٺ٣ٺٺ١
ԭǰҲݺǰĳ˭
һһԼͬͬˣп־˼ֻ֣ǹЦýһСʲôҲգҲա
Ŷ
һŲŲ˵ʲôǹֵ㣬㷽ſ˵ʦʲôҲ㣬Ϊ㰤򣬻Ҫɱ㣿
û
һᵽȻһҧÿֱ죬Լʦ֣ΪΪԼãû뵽ǰؼ飬ҪԼ
ʵ㻹ȥ𣿡
ȥһȥʲôȥˣ
һͷһƫССͣȴִ֣ѲԼҪȥýǶ˰ԼɱˣȴϹһߣõûϢ

һ΢΢һ㶣ΪͻȻԼֻ뵱꣬ʱڵ⽣ӰȴһҲޣ޸ʲôɣϵСС۱Ҫؼˣ
ͷԼѵһͨһĬĬͷԼ뿪ʱҪѧɹϵСС۱;ϣʲôɷ򣬵ԼȥҪǶ˴ɱˣ
Сӣѧ𣿡˺Ȼ

һһ㶣عͷ˿ǶݵѣƺҲôˣκŻعͷ룡ɵ棬ֲֲԣԵ޹ʣԷΪҪԼ£𼸷ֽ䱸ǰҪҡ
ٺ١
һЦʱ䱸ӣб֮ɫģҽҲû䵽ҪһСµķϡ
һ˵һԷЩǰˣƭС
˵ҪӦ£ҷŽⱾ´㣡
һԽԽԣԺŽԼʱ龰ͷǰҪҴӦʲô
һҴŹ㲻ǰһƳѧСѱ
һ΢΢һˣ͵ѧŴɣԼطʣΪԼãͷãҴӦǰ
΢΢ͷڶ㲻ɶκңһ֪ҽѱ
һתһ˼ˣ˲ɽ£ĳ˱ȻżĸˣԼԼˣȴڴ˴Լ£Լж£һҲ˵ҲӦǰκ˵ǰ
ãá
ͷССͣȴԶ֮ͬ˵һ£Ҫ㽫кγɾͣı£㲻ɻķϣһ۱Էף
һ׻׻̻壬һд󶯣ůȻòªȴЩ˺öˣͷҴӦǰ

΢΢ͷڽһű£Ǳá
Ǳã
һ΢΢һԼԼˣϸȻԼЩ伮棬һ׾ƺƪᵽĸ֣ѲǰҲҪЩʲӶŪԼ
˼Ĳɣߵ⼸ű£˵ʹպԱǣǽݺ£Ҳѷ֣ף
һعԼҪȥǰͷã
΢΢ףϥãͨ
һ˵ͷϥãһƮ˫һע룬ɻһκеһ䡰Ȼ
ʱһȥʱǳ콫һ죬ȴ泩յΪֹȻȥպǵãҪ˷֡
лǰ
һһݣչֻ֫ӯ·һҹʱ̥ǣ֮ԣ
ȥɡ˳˻֡
ǰǣ
һߵڣֽ˴μ£ҲŵطٻصƽʱѾˣһȥһɽۺͺϴˣصԺʱȴײȻˡ
ȥˣһͲݣ
ŶҸոȥ泿ʦָķھ
һ˿ӣƺ֪Լҹδ飬Ȼü߹˱飺ǵڶķھºúϰ¸±ˡ
лʦ֣
һװʲôҲ֪һӹķھѵø˴ڼգƵСģóȻǰ˵ġǱá

Ȼü˵ͷԺȥֻ߳عͷ⣬ԣǵ
ãʦߣ
ԶȥıӰһһ˿⣬а˼Ҫңãұ㽫ƾͼƣҲǰڵţηһš


0015 
峿һɽͷܶȥ˰½ӣȻڵĲϵӣֻǲǴʩչʦˡ
һȻҲ˹Уﻹһ飬ʦʦüɵģֶ̲סЦһС˵ʲôҲЩʦÿζñϣЩĲְ̣Լʦ㣬Ҳö˵ʲô
Զ̨ѾˣٵӶԾԾԣ£ҲѧЩҪŪһ£Ҳ֮顣
Զһ£ɫһһʯͷ̨ϴμңʼԸյضž顣
ԽǼԽЦڣ̨ˣֻ˫һ㣬ƮȻݷ̨ĿһϣһտɸӦս
˵Ŀ⣬֮һǱȥȴǶյҡͷž飺ԼǣãԷй棬ʳΨĪ֮
֮һϣߵ̨棬ǰǰȥΧ˼ˣвЦ˳һǰǲᣬ治֪ʲô
Ҳ˴˿üûзЦֻǾһ꣬ЩΪ£ʲôҲᣬûԸ˵˵Щ毺õʦãʦֺʦΧţĸ࿴һۣ
̨ϣһ𣬻һ̧֣ʦ֣ͽ̡
עˣ
ﻰҲֱ࣬һƴŵĵӲֻƴȭʽһ̺ھƷУҲһܹʩչ
飡
̨걻ʱЦָԼյʦ˵ûǾǲúùĽ
ԶȻվü̨Ǳ꣬˿Ļ᲻һ˿֮⣿
ʵѿһԶʤԼ꣬ʽΪһġ
ֻǺܶʱһһߴˣҲûлͷ·
һʼʱΪֻԲŴӦ˶ԷҪǰ£κһԻΪͻͽĵҩȴû뵽ﲽƣҪȡ
Ǻܶʱ򣬵һߴˣҲûлͷ·ӯŵǸˣԶǲġ
飡
̨һ촫ֻһһ߷˳ȥƺѾȻĻֻ밵нǵһڣ⡣
ʱһסװشʱһ߷̨ͬʱҲڽǵڡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
̨ʱмʦܺһߣһǱأӵһĻЦòǰϡ
ȻһûǣҲû˵κһ仰ֻһȥˣ΢ϼƬҶһԶȥıӰȻȥЩ
ԭڷЦЩˣһ̶ԼͬЦݣԼΪʲôҪȥЦΪʲôҪȥЦһˣԼгһʱ䣬ֶеֲмŮΣҪ׷ȥû
̨ϣ￴һԶȥıӰϵЦݸˣһ¸Աڡ
˿һ˿Ц
صһŴϣϥ˹̽ǵڣʱ֪ˣǵĿڵġѨѨλΪ֮ӴȲҪԼء
뵽˴һһЦڵı£ҪɢǱƳν׾٣̨شòײƭｫעڣױɢ
֮֮
Щ䣬Ҳ״¶ɱһºԣҪһ˲䣬ڣһԼԼþˣǸ棬Ȼһ󲻳
ʱúܿ죬ת£ԺҶ𽥶һÿҹ͵͵ȥ˺ɽ£ǹйָһΪνͻͽ˵Ⱥ½ӣƽһЩϵӣҲδؼˡ
£ȴûκ֪ۼԵԽԽˣҲ˸߲ңʤлأõһΪ˲һ
һֻһϣһһ̽˺󣬱ɽȥˣѷһǰɱȣʩչṦʹǧɽ£Ҳƽһ㣬̶һ㲻Ǽɽ
ˡ
ڰﴫ˹ɳƵһ˽ȥʩһ񣺡ǰ

΢΢ͷֵǱá졢лڣű£ɶμס
ҼסˣÿҶĬһ˯
һͷ˵ѷһǰ¶꣬ȻܹţȻҲ֪ǰԼı£һž񹦣ֻǲ͸¶֣ԲŽԡ׾ʮִ档
ʮ֣ȴߵѧǰףȻǰ⡣
Ǳá˵һǰϰţԾƵ½СĽóȻ£ɽ˲˵ѳַâϷչĻѾ
족˵һԾ죬ǰ;лڡ˵ʹٸߵĳɾͣҲɾʹưֹҪ֪ˡ

˻վĹϣԼɼһƣֻܴģѴڣһμˡ
ǰҪˣ
һȻһһʦͽ֣ȴھľؽһ㣬һȻѸܳߣ㽫ʦһ㾴أ˿̺Ҫˣо
΢΢ͷֵҪס㵱Ӧҵ¡
ģֻǣֻǡһһ̺Ȼֻһ֪ǰʲô֣Ƚҡ
裡
˺Ȼһ䣺Ҽ˵ˣһμ棬ǲҽʲôסǰԡ
ͷһȣһ΢΢һ漴һȻ֮ӿļջǵ˵ͷ֪ˡ

΢΢ͷֵ°ɣҽһ¾
ǡ
һҪˣҪԼиԣϥȥһΣ˫ƿһ֣һע룬һؿһƣ﷢һƺߣ㼴ε˹ȥ

һ̾Ϣںڰ𣬹˿Żʹȥ꣬ҵͷһ̣¹ϣɼһȻޱȵĲɣȴǱˣʮǰһָѧشЦ졣
벻Цݺһ֮ʣܵһ£㲻Ҫˣ˵㵱һָһʮ


0016 
ĹЦϣȻЩɭȻˣ֮Կȥ˼꣬Ϊܷ֮ʣľѧʮָشԪ޷ָ
ĵΪǷɻǱָУʱնָܻϵƫƫͬʱʮʱ䣬Ҳ޽⡣
ӣţȴҸʹ࣬㲻㱨ã
һ̣ЦϺȻʮֿˣǰʵ꣬йâ˸㵱Ԫϣȴùôٺٺ١
Ц쿴ŻԹȥ꣬ųһħʱҪҪԼٲԨ٣
ЦԽˣҷɭɭ˵ħħãǾͿҪξ񣡡
һ˵ֻ꣬һƵһϣɽʱХǽħԪڶȥ
һ󣬶ڿЪֹЦ쿴ȥ·˲˼ʮ꣬ƶѵɽ棬һһҶ
ٺ١һһν֮һһħʲô벻ɡ
ЦɫӲ԰ף˿ĿȴԹаħͬȻգڣһԪһħԪ
¡
һɽһԭ£ȻסŴעЦӳøɭȻˡ
񲻷·ѭʦħС
Ц쿴ŵϻԵֱ꣬Щ񣬹¿ȴʶ֮⡣ԺĲ̤һԺ󣬱˼ɵħͷ벻֮ʣܽڵġȥ
µøˣˮɽЦ콫걧𣬷߸ĵطȻ󻺻ȥ˼Լʣʱա
ֹƬֻ̣ӻһͰ͵Ĳһ˿ĳȣȴֳճյЦˣ˶õ㣬ҵõ㣬ȴʲôá
ԭΪЦżȻõⱾоȴֲ֪©˷ν⵽ħ˵ͬʱ׷ɱѲڣħ֮ɣֻŲ·ؽ磬һˡ
õⱾ飬Ȼʲôͨؼõ󣬻ûü©˷ʮ䣬Ȼҹ龫ǵУľʱ䣬Ҳ޷͸аһһ㡣
ЦȻֻ¶ȻζΪ˵õⱾ飬ȥˣȻȴмص湦Ե
ЦڵϣЦǰԼ츳αȵλʧѾõǰأ˼ˣȻֻһ̧ҪȥⱾ飬һ˲䣬ȴע⵽ԻԵ꣬һ绮ҹգһɲǣҲ·𻮹һ硣
ΪβⱾ鴫ꣿ
һͷ˲Ұԭһ㣬Ѹȼÿһ䣬Ҳ޷Ϩ
õúܣõúܣЦ죬츳У츳ȴǿ࣬ⰡЦ죬Цôۣܸ˳ɣ
һֻ̣Цħŵϵ꣬ǱȵõⱾоʱҪȡ
벻ɣ벻ɣȽ㷢ŵĵӣµΨһӣȴħһĹҪ£Ҫͽܣʮǰٱ
䣬Цٲɣָһϵȥͨͨһȫӡü֮С
ķٻԪǲԪ׷ɱʱδʩչ˿һУЦ쿴ȥֲϺ£ŵ˯꣬κһֵĲоȴЦˡ
֪꣬ʱͣģ죬Ҳ֪ʱġ
һתֻʹѣʲôΪԼһӡҲûˣͷôʹԣǰأ
ãȻĹˣȴɽտյģһӰҲûУһеһûɵʧ䣬ǰڻˡ
ɽ﷢ãͷʹԼһЩһش˽һŶȻѹѾˣԼҪЩȥǣ
һҹ꣬ɽ·ʮŢȴѲ˫һ㼴ƮƮ뿪˵棬ȻȴеһΪԼȻࣿԣԼӯ࣡
һҹʱ䣬ƵֹԼһ£һָ֮еһĪ˸ӿļ䣬ǰԼ˾ǵ֮ʣԼҲ֪֣֮պټ𡭡


0017 ɱ
صƽ壬һѣ⼸ȻҪԣԲδһͲҪú׼һ£ԣϥڴϣ΢һ˹Ӧǵڣδǰɢȥ
ļգƽ쳣֣µԻǱȽӣԹֱȥĴڣΪǰΪڣ±ʽţܹһЩˡ
⼸գڵӶ쳣˷ܣڸԵʦָֽ¼ӼȻһʢ֮£ȴɱ
ҹĻȻ֣Ϊ׼յԣǶЪϢˣһƽ쳣Щ졣
𲻶ӳɭɭվһӰȻ
˿Ȼûκα飬￴ĻɭɭЦЦܺáѾˣһձڣҪĺҪֻ֣Լδ
ȻȻܶʱ߳һҲûлͷ·ˡ￴Цôʦڵʧ֣Ҳ¶
˵֪ʱ֮쳤Ϻصʦֽ㶼ڳ벻˷ֶߡ
ǡ
һЦԵú⣺ģһ֪Լ֪ôġɱˣҹС

ڶ峿ڵһ²ȥɽȣλ֮һߵīҲˣ˿ڸ̨֮ϣԣһһŮӣеٲȻ֮ǰʩչʦ֡
˳Ϻʦ֣ҲһЩʦʦ㣬ӯٲȻУʱ˵ʲô
һһкҲűϻɽȣһ߽ԶСһ
һѭȥֻһŮշ˹ǵŻԵĻݺԱ߻иӣҲǴںɽˡ
ݺʦ㣡
ݺһȻҲˣһα£ΪԼأû뵽Լԡ
ݺ䵽ǰǰԵӯˣЦӯӯΣն񣿡
һ˵ͷԱӵʦ֡
ݺһЦΧ˿µӶʦֽ죬ΪСһոնԹģʵʦأôֻһˣ
һ򸽽˿ȻӰҡҡͷû
ûݺüһµԣΪʦ֣ɲƽҲôãʵʦֽʲô
һʦȻ
ȻԱ˼һЦԭ
ݺü΢鼮ۣʲôҿ˵գ㽫ľ˹һڤ㣬Ϊ֮󣬲֪ǧҲ
ֻ߷߽ˣĿԲؿһѵȻͽЩ𣿡

һæҡֵʦִҺܺõģķͿھңȻʦ㣬һ㿴˵űҪڿƣ˹סݺȥɫҡҡͷʾص飬صӲԽ޴ңϹأϻԶء
ݺüĵӶֺԼʦֽ㣬ƽʱ˲ˮû¾䣬һĬԣϲ˵Ȼֲֹһӣᴫʲôöﲻɵһ̾ŽݻɫһЩЦûϵúȡ壬ʱʦԽ㣬ı£

һ˵ͷеůůģһҲʶֻʦϴշԶ壬֪£Լÿζ˴ñء
ˡ
Ÿ̨һҪʼˣԶɫһ߿˿һЦûκ˾ȵ㡣
ʦ㣬ҹȥˡ

򶷷̨ǱȥıӰݺ˫ü΢ȻܹٶЩӣƺǰûʲô仯
ԵĹܼ򵥣̨±ߵսսʧ򲻿̨ʤҪָ̨Ⱥ̨ܼŵ˸̨սˣǴ˴Եʤߡ
ʱµ棬н뱻̭ʱվڶ̨üЦѾʤʮÿ̨Ϣֻϵ˻ࡣ
һεȻʣȻͬ£ȴʤ˲٣˿Ѿû˸ٵ̨սȡˡ
Զӯ΢ЦĿţ߻ݺü΢Ҫ˸ҩʤࣿƽĴйƽԣ
ٷ̨Ǹʼһ˾꣬ݺüĳⲻŨˣʱһȥʦܽգֿɸӦս
ȺȻ˶̨Ǿȥ̨ϵĵԳҲü⼸δܹµӣҲԱߵĵ£ʲôҲûѧᣬ̨ҪȥֱƽʷĪһӡ
˿Ⱥﰲԣ˽֪һôܻĶ֣ݺȻصôͶȡɲ޵õ㱾£ھѾմմϲĿˣ
ĵӣ仰˵ƽȻҲеӯȴһЦ¾ͶȡɣˣˣҲȥͶȡ޵㱾ǣǺЦ˼£̨Ҫȥҿιٶ൤ҩҲǰ״
㣡ݺʱüһʲôԱ䣬ҡҡͷ
֮ʣȻ䣬ֻһ˫һ㣬½磬ƮƮǶ̨ϣξ˿ˮ
ޣ
̨²˶˳һǰɶûУʹãԼԼǻҪˣ˶С
ӯҲɫһǰһ˵תۼɵ̨ȥˣѿʮֲ泩ߣͼѣ
ڸ̨ϣԳȴüǿĵοոʹƺһŸṦһСС꣬ôṦ
֪űѧᣬϳ˵Ṧȴͬûʮ޳ɡʩչʱնԾȴŴı׶ˣܲκγһ˴УǼΣա
ϳṦȴͬˣʩչϳṦɽƽأһһҶԿΪأȴֲ˻Ҷֺϵȥ磬ֱƹһ㲻ɶߣ˸Ʋ壬˵ҪС
ǶµġɲһžṦʩչʱ£ʱѩʵʵȫ̵Կ壬ȿʱ촦
꣬ȴṦԳüͷԽԽˣ͵ѧǱŴɡ


0018 ɱ
̨ϣһЦֻȻ̫¶μһŴЩű죬Цʤʮ߳ʦܿ׼ãûУǱ̨ȥҲ
仰ʢʮ㣬ȴһأУָȻһ㣬Ʈ粻ճ겻գвܾãοˡ
ֿʼˣЦһȵעˣδ䣬ᾢֻ죬̨϶Ȼһ磬δƷȴȽһȫס
бġɰǫ̛˾ס˺ýĸǸеһʹ
ݺİۼȻƽһȴްֶ²ȴһ˲䣬ֻһ㣬бٽžٿ͡һ죬ѽܿһơ
ޣ
̨һ󾪺ǲ£ʽǱҲ벻οʵսóŶ̶һ£һ͸˸Ƶģ
ҲЩɻ󣬶ԷױܿһƣʹĲǰȥʱԷˣӺ湥ػὫ̨⡣
뵽˴͵һסΣתȥʱȴһվԭأеģû
ԽǼһ˿еģͷԽй˫һٴμȥȻιȥһǽݱܿ
ޣ
ַ̨һ󾪺ʧ֣һ̿һɱˣȫȻһ̫࣬Է˱£˼ˣֶתΣһιȥ
ֻһ̨ʱƣʱбˣֱһ׽ôˣﾹһ˿½Ҳûϣ󳬳˵Ԥϡ
̨ϣԳϼأ΢΢ݣԱʦȴЩɻǴμʱ걻˿١
Զӯ˫üԽԽݺǴһŶ̶£˿̨꣬뵱С̫ͬˣɴʱصԼҶүҲδһ˿½ǣոԼΪξδ
㣬㡭
Щ΢΢Ҳ벻һñԼڽµˣȻϰ̨ʱбܴſԷȻ侭ȴû뵽Է֮һǰ˴Ĳͬ
ˮ为Ҳ
һУ˵գʰں΢΢һ̧ڳ롱֡
㣡
вЦһȻ˫㣬һţ̨΢΢һ£ֻȫһâܶȻ߰˵

̨˽һ²ϰʱóģȻ
Զ̨ϣԳɫ΢΢һԲԣⲻǸһ
һɲǣ̨ý˾̨һɾƵòסˣֻȫâ֣һһȥ˵пɽ֮һվ֮ϲѺۣ޿ɱܣ޿ӣ
Զ˽һɱصɱһƴȥһǵȫǾϲɣȻһȶ
һȥɡ
ɱ֣ȻǸʮ꣬һƣʱһӿȥͬʱڰ
Զݺ˽Ծסˣ̨ϵĵԳҲɫҪ׼־ˣһɲǣȴظܵһ˿ɱһ˿ɱȴɱڵǡ

ȻֻһҽԭʤȯգһͻȻѪ˳ȥһ˲䣬ֻ۶ڱǽѪðѪ
һĻ̫죬̫ͻȻ˽δ壬ҲδӦȫ֪ոһ˲䷢˺¡
ͻ䣬Գ˲䷴Ӧ̨Ϸȥҿոձþ׼ʱסɳȥָؿһ㣬һɴԪע룬ʱס
һ֮̽£ŷﾭ˲һתͷһȥ㡭
ԶӯҲŵþһһ·Ƽܴܵ˿ģɫˢһ±òҰףѸȥҩ
ʱ˫ĿԲɵԳϻסʱǣѪӿȴ˵ˡ
ӯϺɱƵĿһȥһֻ̣һɽ͡һƬɫĻ͵سһȥ
һøͻȻΪһӱȵã֮˿ɱŨأɽһһʱ޷·ȫҪһ㣬ǧһ֮ʣһɫӰ˲̨ϣһסӯɽ
ʦúαضһ֪´ɱ֡
ȴǻݺˣָֻһֵסӯɫɽŽʮΪֻ¸ոһѾһնˡ
һӰݺҲһǰߣصƽԣʲô֣
ˣǶȥ
̨룬ԳɫЩãԣݺҲ˵ʲôˣһ̨·ȥոһɲǣ񾹸еЩ䣬üʵСһ
һҡҡͷû£ллʦ֡
̨ڵδعһһ㣬ո̨һĻ⵽ڶƲɢܸ£վЩûˣƽ˱ŻѪľοոﾹͻȻѪ
Զһ£ȻҲ֪ǺʱģոĿһоֻһʶҲδܿ徿˺£ȴԨһ㣬ⲻϮ
ȻѾ޷ټˣҲûбҪȥˣʣµʮŴˣϲٵ̨սôԵʤߣһˡ
ʱȥգΪг˹ټӯҩ鵤ҩǣȫҲñֻҪָ²ô졣
΢Σڴϣ˫ĿգӯڴǰԽúˡ
㡭㡭
Ȼˣ˿۾Ȼ޷ӯڣ˵
𡭡ұ𡭡
϶˵ţ˫ü壬Ȼʹ಻ѣӯﺮâһָģһ㱨

˿ڳϸҹҡΣԼɼλϳüչӣãҳϵ£ʦô
Ȼ죬ĵӶ֪˺£īȴһߣ꣬һһԷֱ̫˼ˡ
ã೤ϲüͷͷõȥɽһ帾ĺӣҵס
Ŵԣҳϲ˿΢΢ͷֻҪףʲôаħãֻǡ˴ȴֲüԳϿȥӯǻƽ壬δߵģ


0019 

ī΢΢˵ͷֵҪտܣʲôѲ𣿡
ֻ£Щ鷳š
Ȼ̾ӦҲ֪ӯŵ˭˶ӯ
˵˴˶üΪϣҲֻƽĳϣţܶǰʱžֻ壬ûƽ壬ǺΪɸѡĵӶġ
˰ˡ
ҡҡ֣ˣ棬ɣ󣬳һ̾ãֵҷ£λʦܶˣ¸µ֮ء
ᵽ¸µ飬ϵɫҲ𽥱벻ת۱һˣÿһӣһʢ䣬ǵʮˣҲ˵Ŵӿǧˡ
˿˶ĳ˼ʢʱڣǵʦ֮ʱʦº䶦ʢԻֻͣǺһħʦһսʦ֪ΪξͺȻɽˣûʦҲˣԺŸһ겻񣬽⡣
ֱٶǰ֮˼̳˵ʮߴţȻֵٶǰħԪһվɼͨɱħңӴűҲ˹Ϊ𡱡
˿̣ҡΣλãֿڵδ¡أͽϱߵ˼Ҳغصĵȥ
Ǻ°
һ˾񣬵ô±ߵĵӴδԵȥ壬ȥĦĦҲø

΢΢ף˫üǸ£īʦָǹ
ǡ
ͷѾͷʣϵ꣬ţҲȥɣȴԶ࣬ҿǡڰ¡
īҲ˵ͷδһͽǹʣȷʸ£ҲǺ¡
ˡ˻֣˵ʲôδпڣֵλʦҲȥЪϢɣ𣬱Ҫ׼ˡ˵˴īȥ⣬ϴ֮£Ǹ꣬㽻ʦˡ

棬һϥڴϣѾʮ죬ǰڶ̨Ϸøˣ֮Ҫ壬磬չ
⼸ȻҲûרڶ峿ʱԺӺнŲ𣬽һӵʦ𣿡
Ȼһ齣żһòº͵ʦ֣ʵʦʲô𣿡
ʦ΢΢һЦȥи׼ãɡ
ŶʦԵȡ
һתݣеļ伮ʰһ£ȥƬ̺һݣֻīΣ棬ʦֹ˹֣ϣʦܵˡ

ī˻֣ʾ£ֶһãǵлƲкβͬ˵Ǵ˴Եʤ֮ˡ
Ŷӽҡ
һ˵ͷЩĹǰԼһ˲˿˵ŵҲǺܽţ˵ŵҲһ㶼ţ֮Ͼܱ¶κβԡ
īֶãʶӦǱʲô֮кβͬȫǻݺ˽ﴫڣҲȥ׷ˡ
ϴλݺżȻһɲǸܵһڵԪֻһĴɺϰˣԺҲܲһԪħԪǲ˸ܵ
īҲȥˣԱóһС̷ͭͭǹӣΪʲôҲЩôġ
˾ԻͭȻǴ˴Եʤ֮ˣ㽫ȥգպúϧ
ī˵գָһƾƮһһ˫žӣʱܵһɼϢ˷ܣɼҷôԺﲻɵϴԼĽʣǽ㲻÷СӲķţһʱϲ˷ܣлϣ

ī΢΢ףֵס飬ֻһʶгֻϣҽ㣬ϸ

ȥ·ϣһ쳣˷ܣͭ׵Уͭƣʱâʱһ磬ֻȷԳԣʱЩʹ󣬷ңң֮ŻҪʱʹá
صӴȻȻûҲãʱϸооСͭʲô֮á
ʱһɫֱƽ壬һüĿӣպڳϸ档
Ӣˣһ˲䣬ɢλϾһԭ̸һжˡ
λϣþòӵһЦ˵š
ɽ㡭ƽˣ
λǶЩ̻̣ȫΪӵݣǶԷΪӯһЩ鷳
ɽЦЦպýпգʦãƺ˵ƽ壿볤һ·ɡ
˶һۣī˳ȥ˸֣롣
һ·ϣڵӼһİɳϴţеЩɻ󣬷׷ײ²˭ôļơ
ҹĻᴹʱһµСԺ⣬ľӴˣЦЦͷˣذɡ
īߺŽԺУʦá
棬ӯܹܵ۲󣬺Ϥ֮˳ȥԺǷ˿ݵӣʱתΪϲɽʦ磡
ǰӣ¥ɽһϵĵӣ˵ʦܣеģǰʦùϵУǱǵ˳
ʦá
¥ɽһЦ˹ȥп˿ʵܵΣ
ӯɫһ³ָϾû֮ǡ
Ͼ¥ɽ΢΢һȻССͣ־˺ݡʲô֣
ӯ˫üһһһᱨ
һȽȥɡ
˽У¥ɽ￴ȡһҩ裬裬ˣ¡
ллʦ硣
ӯӹҩ֮պãֹƬ̣Ȼһ
˭
ҡȻ

ӯɫһ±ʮκ󣬲żȻ˽¥ɽȻһ±û̻̲æֵʦ֡
¥ɽֻ΢΢˵ͷӯʵ˭
ӯһߣһʦ֡


0020 谭
棬ȻǱû̻̲ˣֲҽ˵ֻҷģȷʵֻķھˡԼ͸һЩҪôǻݺ˵꣬㽫ͷȥ͵͵ӯɫ仯
ʱգôҲ˵ֻ˵ˣϣܹɻȥǰ¥ɽѹʵ̫ˣҪ˵ԷһָҲ֡
ߣ
ӯһߣ뵽ݺǼˣﺮâһ¥ɽü΢˰򣺡ģһᴦ˴Ա߻̻̲Ȼȥ˵ʦ֣
ǡȻһæֵʦкηԸֻ뿪ڣʦܱȻ
¥ɽ΢΢˵ͷ·֮ػ̿֡
ǡǡȻĨһ亹һϰ£߷ϵ˵Ī⣬˭仰ʲô˼ء
ӯ޺޿һۣո¥ɽȻô˵ˣҲټʣ¾ܾôˡ
Ƭ̣¥ɽһЦˣȲ˵£м¸ҪҲҽԭ³ÿһӵ䡣
Ŷ
ЩϣӯδԵôˣ죬ԹؿһۣЩ߷£صʲôϵ
¥ɽ֪ô˵ҡͷһЦһοɲֻǴ䣬λͽѵãһΣغصĵҲܹȥϹۿ⣬һʦ˵ȡ˼Ұ塣
塣
ӯԼǷˣ塭ĿǰܹΪλϵ״ӣܹ壬Ȼ±ߵĵƽҲˡ
Ȼ¥ɽһЦʦõʣȻܹ壬һŬʦ˵ģصġ
ллʦ磡
ӯĵļԺһţ壬塭
ȻվһԲ˵ãӯƽȥʱɫһֱñȥգ˵ȥһ취ҩ塣
һԣȻʱӹһһæ˹֣ˣʦá˴Էɫ䣬Ŀڵʦ㡣

򷨱ͬԴ;ͬ飬ֻ˲ң֮֮ͬħ֮֡
˵ˣԹһ˼޶֮ѧģ츳򷴵κã߻ħ֮գɣΪɣ˴˼䶼ûķѧ
ǹŽʿҪ֮ħа֮˫ޣǸڻȡʧĶ裬Ǳж
ɫŨһڴϣǰڵ֮˺ü죬־Щ֣ΪʲôǰԼķȻøԼĿھķȫۣ
Բԡ
һҡҡͷȻﴦĻǵıԼܴԼʲôö϶͵͵ķھֽţ뺦Լʱ߻ħ
ţһ㰲ֽת˼죬ֱ賿ҹʱߣڶһ绹δ㴫һ󼱴ٵ
˭˭
Щ̫ƣһ˯ʵ齣ȴȻһվǰʺʦ簡ʲô𡭡
Ȼп˿òŵʱĺ֮ʣɲ԰г滼Щգȥɲ԰æˮ

һͷԣɲ԰ֲĶɲݣôɲҲ氡Ȼ԰ɲݶϱȥģʧЩ׼£ԺҴȥ
Ŷ
һ˵ԼЩջҪƶԷ˿ǿӲ̬ȣѲˣֻһʱƽ˾
Ƭ̺ɽɲ԰һĿɿڴ˵ԭΪֻһСƬ԰֣û뵽ɽҰǣôһɽǵŪʱ
ֻԶЩ԰ݳ棬ЩˮȻָָһƬ˵ɽͷȥǱ߰ɡ˵գִԱߵݸֻˮͰ
Ŷ
һӹˮͰҲֻӲͷƤȥˣһֱʱܻȥȥʱ۵ÿɢܣﻹ˵ͷ˯˹ȥ
ڶʱȻжʱһִɲ԰ȥˣһһ۵ýϹۣ˵ǷԲˣһصݾֻ˯
ʱһȻˣɽͷ㲻֪˭˱棬һ٣˵ôЩɲ⣬ʮС
һп˵Ҳֻüͷɣڶ˸µģ˭Ҫ͵ⲻһƤкﻹɣǼµĻԻ˵ɲ԰ҲһҪޡ
һֱʱ䣬һÿ춼۵ÿ಻ԣûжʱ;ȥˮۣһղһգʵпԣƽʦֱͬʦһĴڣǽʦصΥĻǸٲһ𷣡
һһص˼ôҲòԣȻһ򲻹ԼͻȻԼȥɲ԰ۣΪϴԵҪԼӴҲûʱ;ȥһĻٺõţʱһҲԶԶ˺
ͨһ޵ֱҧȻ֮ǰıɣܶԼ
£ȷʵûа취ΣÿûжľһԼΪ£ָؽжԷ»ˡ
Ȼ䣬뵽֮ǰϸͭǰⷨЩһֱƬ̲룬ܲ˰ɣ
뵽˴һӻǿСӣֻͭǹӣⷢ⣬һգ·Ҳࡣ
һ̽һף漴ֻһ£ʱճһƬС
⡭
һʱеһˬ£·ϸ߱ȫѨһƣͨͨˡ
ԭˡ
һ˹ͭãܹƣǸһۺƣǼǧƣƣþһգܹͨͨҲ˶졣
⾵Լ˿̵ƣһ£ǵʱ䳤ҲеƣԼΪٸߵˣҲ˯ڤ룬ܹƣǲ˵Լ˯ˣ
뵽˴һ˷ܣһؿŰСͭؿǵõüһˣ
һͭÿһʱֻҪ˱þһգһֱʱżȥϢȻ


0021 
ģȻˣȻֵµһʦܣҲȻලġ
һֻȻΪûҲˣȥ˺ɽɲ԰ֹ죬ʱǰɲ԰ۣصóͭ
֪ĩϴҲȥˣһɲ԰ԶԶڽֵʲô
ٹ죬һһεˣ˵γʢ䣬˵λϻҪͽΣصӣҲȥһ
ָ£úð԰Ūˣʢ޹أһƬضҲʮ¡
һˮݣһ˵ţһԶȴϸ˹ȥЦλʦ֣ҪҪæ
˼һεµӣüһʵԵʤߣҲ԰ɿˣ
ԱߵʦЦЦ٣С֪ɶҲᣬδζ˴ñϣϻԵʱ˵ԵǰͻȻ߻ħѪɲСӰװ׼˸ˡ˵ǵûõۡ
һڨڨһЦ˵ԼٺãⲻҲ
ʦֻعͷЦû£ȥǱߵ°ɣԼͳɡ
áһͷЦЦװҪߣʵˣոǱλʦ˵и䣬ʲô
ʦһֵĿߵʦʵʦû㣿
һҡҡͷ¶һʲôҲ֪ӣûаʦֻҹɲ԰
˶һЦұߵʦֵţÿһӱһʢ䣬ʮˣΪλͽԵʣصҲܹȥϿ
һϸţװʲôҲ֪ȴϸϸ˼Ȼֲ⼸ոԼŵԽԽˣԭⲻԼȥ壬Ȼ䣬ԺǰǸƮƮŮ
ҽѣסǷ紵Ʈu٣ѡ
عһЦллλʦ棬ȥǱˣ

ҹĻᴹʱһصԺһˮϴ˸裬óָͭЩ񣬵ȴҲԺʱȻЩɶˣʱǰŮʱߵԺ棬ҹĻ£ֱɼɽ壬
Ҫȥ壡
һͷԽԽƾʲôԼȥ壿Եĺĵɺޣ˿Ժﲻٱǰǰʮ֣Ǳã죬лڡ
ǰ˼ӦҲԼҪȥ壬ƽССȣһɳ죿ƫȻ˿ɶҪԼ
죬һÿսӵˣȻҲʱʱ̶̿գʮ³죬һǴ֮գλһҴ׼ȥˡ
ƽĵɳϵӴȥ߷߲ɵǣֱƣǳϵӣҲûʹôȥֻܶáʯ
νʯܹ˷еС죬ƽڸ֮ϵƲ֮˵һ磬֮֮ȥ
ǽնʯٽȥ߷壬Сʯܴʮˣʯܴϼʮ˵˲ȣո˶쳣˷ܣһҲ͵͵ʯ棬ǶŻܷķգҲҪȥʶʶ
߷ԱǵķλУڵǶͦΣֱƣմȻУۣ֮ĵڣκʱ̶ȥԴѡһΪءĵطط塱
˿صʯ㳡ϣ߷ĳǼѾˣձ˴˶ʦֽܣһδˣ˶ԣһһαʱԾɸпĶ࣬ǻʱ
ʢ䣬棬ֻ״ӲͨǲģֻһΧ棬һλãƽڵӵˣҲйϹд䡣
罫ʱһʯƷڼ仹ʦֿʧЩ׹ȥļʮˡ
һ·̾ΪֹɽƵھһ㣬죬ٲ齦񣬲֪ˮǴӺδ಻֪δĪЩˮ
·һʱʯ㲻ܼˣڵȲȥһҲȺ󷽣һ·ʯΪ̣ɰΪ׺ʱɺӰһƬ׵ë
ֵĺʱڣԶȴٻţ̺죬еһƬһѩ覵滨а͸죬˺ߵӻĻ紵ƬƬƮ׷˼ϣƻá
ֱɾһ㣬ﻹ˼䣿
һˣŲҲŻ࣬ȻعʱŷһأæȥȺ󷽣ȻǶ˲ԼҲˡ
ع㳡棬һҽȥ±Ȼһӻֻ㳡ַǷϯˮ½ϳ£оӯ԰յԻ
ڹ㳡׵ĸ̨ϣֻһɰߣֳַüһɫӡݲһСͯٲȻִŵˡ
״μɷɵһССΪ֮һȥֻﻹһѩŮӣŮͷ׷ȴŮһ㣬üһӡеڶ诡һġüϡ
ȻһϣЦߣֻһۣ˸еһ壬еҲΪġԨϡλȨ
˵ұ߲ԶŸ۵ߣеģλϣһ꣬еġϡ
ұ֮ˣֻһѩƬƬһ֮䣬һ㣬ȥӢжŮ£ȴʧ飿
˵¼Ůһ˿̶ҪԼҲɷɶãеġϡ໹棬Ҳ֪ǷʦҲ֪
˿һӻϣֻȥôֻλϣһλأ
Լˣһִң飬ȥֻλﲻ뵽ˣϣ±ʱӣôûأ
һ±߿ȥֻһһ£һƮƮŮﲻһףȻܺͼλô

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0022 
Ůôһﲻһûɵʧ䣬Լ˻ȥó԰ӵӲأһЩʲɲóӿлˣҪ
һµŮȻˣմһ黨СȹƮһӳСһ
һЩˣֻƱѩһһףôСҲȾư
ܽ˵Ŀⶼϣһ̣ƺҲע⵽ԶĿ⣬˳ĿȥһԼӴһˣһţЩȥ
һĻŮѲһЦϱüϼЦʵѣôˣ
ûû
ŮѲŲæ˲ߵˮЦƼһɵϡ

ü½мĸ䣬һʱ׽͸ŮԣתͷոտķȥֻǽһӻſŸڳ֣üͷһ壬ֻƽĸʶصҰСӣҲȥעˡ
ʱһһȥӰб磬ȴӰۼ˶ˣ˲ü໹濴ȥʦܣδ
໹ףЦлǣޡ
˲üͷøˣ໹һЦһʦ˵
Žзȥüͷ΢ţԶһŮѿ˿˵ʲôҲҪѰ£˵üʦҲŮţһġˮǧķҲΪʺŮǸϣŮܹΪĵӡ
˵ͽܣѲֹǰͽˣһϣԴӵ֮岻ĵȫȥ壬һһֱȱţֱٶǰ̳УһֽɫȴһҲûС
ϣһҲûУ˵ȥɺͳһҲܵһӲǰɣϴδոˣȴӲʮꡣ
ԽԽЩ֮ôͽȻҲһڣһ㣬ȿȣűڷУĸϣŮܹЩɼңŻɡ
һߣҲ⣬ʱʱŮѿȥȻŮε츳ǰͲҪŮԼ£Ūñһӡ
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¥ɽʦһһϣȰţ˻˻֣ȥȥȥǶʲôΪʦǾ
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ԣȻҲڣ⻹мˣԼӯҲڲԶһʱеȥȴδܳһ󾢷ȻѾǰؿ
ʦʦ֡
һǿڻ˺ͶԷַԼйǰڼգԷʮĵΪҲԼһһϦܶԿġ
ڴˣ
ȻɫȻһګګңҺʦǡ
ȥȻ̬ǿӲֻ֡
һ΢΢һ;ûʲôˣҲͶԷͻȻ˿Ӳ뵽һԸԼвɵҲҲȥ϶û˵ƾʲô
ȻɫɭȻˣһĺ˪ɲ԰ôһɲ˶Բ˶ߡ
ȻˣҲģһ˫ֱֲ׳ص
ҲУһȥ
Ȼ̬ǿӲһ˵꣬ȥץȻȴϣһʱǻܵһ㣬˶˼
Ȼһ˵ոûô˹ʩСһǿˣֲշѪѵǻݺ˽ǣҲô찡
ߣ
һһߣոȻ鼱֮תЦ촫ڵġֻЦҪӦ£֮ױǰչ¶ʶҲôʩ


0023 
Ȼ˫ĿһȻСӣصùһȥ
һ˵꣬߳ɵĹΧʱɳʯһһȥһ⾢һƣֻʹҲˣб£˫ǲȥ
ۼһƴУԼǵùɽ²ɣһæ˫ƣһһʱХ顱һȻײһø滨䡣
Ͼҹ˹֮Ȼʤʮ꣬һ֮£Ǳ˲٣ֻҲ鲻ѡ
ǲأ
Ȼû뵽޵˿ȻĿ䣬һ˿壬ǲȥǲҪɱˣ
һ߷ߵضԼȻһ㶣ͣ˽ŲʦܶײԼᶯŭ뵽Ѿ޶ʱˣﲻδܶرԣҪ¥ɽȥģ棬ԼֺοΪ
뵽˴Ȼֲ˼֮⣬ɼд˵һֻһٴˣٻصǰɲҪЩҩ¥ɽһģʲô취һȥͷǽд鷳
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һһӣԽԽʱֻϱߴʦ֣ôˣ
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ۼ磬һֻһԼǲƽ˫ʹһƴ˳ȥ¡һ˫ײʱøɽʯ飬ʯɣƬƬ䡣
δܴȴݺ˻ȥ˺ȻСӲ£Ĺ
Զ˺Ȼ֮ʣһѴӵ޺޵ҪңҽǴˣһ˵꣬ȥ
Ȼ˵Ц촫ڸѧҲվȷʵѰµӳӯ࣬Ըǵֵ۵Уȴ̲ƽϵӣ̸Եеʽˡ
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˵ţҪǰȻ͵һ˴壬λʦܲɺ
ոֻΪ˰һȥԲŶ֣Ҽ㶯ҲŷִģҪݺݽѵֻ꣬
Ȼ˴˿ȥһˤֳȥƽĵӴδϱߣʶأҲ˵壬ǽ䣬λϻأҪ˽¶䱻ˣǻ˵ã
˻ȥһһֽһ÷˳ȥ˺ݺݵС

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ĽҪΪֹ˵Ҫȥ˦Ȼ֣һҪˣúǰ򲻹ǣȥһݺʦǴµʦְæ
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һ׷ˣ¸Ƿһ²עܵ˹㳡ȥײһӣһ£㳡ʱ˽ĿɿڴǸڼܵꡣ
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Ŀɿڴ֮ʱԶʣһϼƮŮƮƮϼзֳһ֧ƮƮһǰߡ
Ӵ
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ͯȥ
̨֮ϣԨʱһȣȴһֻ̧Ǿؿǰ꣺ʲô֡
ߣһڵҲһģֻǽͷһƫȴ𻰡
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һ˸ǶһһΣ̨Ҳɫ
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0024 
㳡˵Ҳ֪꾿ʲôող˵ɫĻԶݺѾסˣӯɫ
ڣƽ೤ϻվŬԼ˵ƽŵµӣһ֪أȥ
ˡ
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ҲɫΪ֮һ䣬һ´վǴ䣬ɺͽһ£ܶϷ
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໹һֻ̾㣬ζõ֣ȴǸĲˡ
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ֱãһʵ𣺡ʦüĴ㣬ʦֱȥɡ
˵֮ȴ໹棬ӹȥʦܣôҲ
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δعŮҲʯϣţһҪ£ȻϣոȴǿҲδһۣҲδһۡ
һߣƽλҲδع񣬻Զݺˣӯܶˣ˵ˣ˼Ѿȫɫڹ㳡棬ȻҲĿ˸ոֻڶ̶Ƭ̼飬ֻôһѣôܹõ

ҹĻ֮ʱҲˣĳϵҲȥˡΣ±ʦãŵλϣΨ˿̲ڡ
˽ŹϺ󣬹ã˲ſڵʼջᣬҲԶΪԽҲδǿ֪ΪΣ
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໹֮˵꣬ԵĲ㲻ͷִϵ˰ˣ㻹Ǳ˵ˣʡýͷԡ
໹Ц˵ʦǻ봧ˡ

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룬ŰʵʦֿΪŻһ·ģ
ԣԭüͷøˣ±üʱһۣҪٸʦˣʦΪĳǼΪģ˵һ䷳
ҲȻԼڴʱ£ҲֻñտڲˣÿһҲиʢ䣬Ż䣬ʱۣɵչƽʱ򣬻ͷĵϳĴβŶ
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Ҫǧǰ˵ʱħݣһλħʦ桱֪ĵõһ̫о޳ħɱңܵС
Ƕʱ䣬һΪյӣ̫Ųо֪Ϊ浱ʱֻõһĲо޵Уǵʱſʦʦǵ֮ˣսҹ˸ܾ˵ľ档
һսؾ䣬½λ˺ȥ֪ǱҲݲо䣬ʱļ˷ˣʦش֮ʵһʱţһ±ɽ
ӴŽ䣬ֱǰɽһٻ˼ħڣعյλ
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ڻǵʦǸƴһսԪŵؾ£ħ£˵úܡ
񣬡桱֣͡顱֣ѾɵĽɣ̸֮ɫ䡣
˿˫üɫؽڽЩ䣬ʱԪŵⲻһȷѪ꣬ǿɻǵãʮǰǵͻȻҹյİ׹⣿
Ŵԣ˶˼ԺֻһҹΣһͻȻ콵ϼ⣬һ׹ҹգҹӳһ־òɢνЩԪŵ쳣ˣҲܹ⿪
̧ͷüʵʦֵ˼׹йأԣ˲ÿɷ໹濴ȥʦΪΣ
໹ټüǵ׹⣬޷϶Ψһȷǣ˹ⲻԪԪŵصˣȴ˶ģһ˶ġ˴ͣһּʦֿɻǵбļأ
˫üഫǰ˼ħУһ콵ϼ⣬ûãһ˺ճ֮ȫħɢִ֮Ӵ˿һԪʢ˱ۡ
⼸Ҳʮǰ콵ףǹصʵ̫ˣһΣԪŵҲд䡣
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ֱüˣʦ뼸λʦҲ֪ƣǼħڽЩ궯ԽԽˣȻǶڱصá
ŴԣҲüħĸ֮ҵãǱ⼸ħҵûȥͬеĻѱϲֳֵڶ棬֮ȴûеڶʦˣʱ˭һ棿½Ҫ
ħҵڣ
˺Ȼɫһ΢΢һΣԼɼϼƣһ̵ʦ֣ǱĪЩ

˵һ壬ϣֻƺ׳ɽ۶ƲģǧΪףߴʤɺҲɲˡ
ֻԽߣһԽǸо·ļ뺮һ㣬ֱ£䣬ֱ㣬⣬İ䡭
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䵭·ÿ˶صãʽʡȥˡһŶһʵʦ䰡ҿҪˣ㴩ô٣𡭡
ֱ溮㳡ֻ㳡һֺŶдšֱ֣ǲԾȥȴǺ䡣
ڴǰ߸һأֻԣȫų⡣ЩȴѰһ㣬£ȥһЩ޸һԣ̫ˡ


0025 
ۣ㣡ЩƯ
һ˴˿̵ĺ䣬ȥһգգųЩԿʱһɺȴˬϸЩǱһ㣬Ϊɽ˭ܵ
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һ̧ͷǺؿӣּԷһ䣬һЦĿڵ֪ˣʦ
˫ü΢΢һбһۣΪʦ׷ħˣ֮شģ벻˴ĺ䣬Щ
仰ڶԼ˵һ㣬ʼһס⺮ĹΨЩ飬˿Ժֽ˵꣬ǸˣǸҹħˡ
ߣ
һߣȥһ֪ΪͻȻˣʵħ˺ܻʦȻ׷ôԶĵطȥˡ
ħˣ˵һ仰ȥ
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ǰгէһƬ̺İٻԣǻм䣬һϪˮʹһǸе棬·ӣѵˮʦɽģ
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վԳ棬õһ;Ķ⣿㲻棬ʱɴʱ䣬ȥбͨķҲȥ
һعͷګګصҪԺҲȥ

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մѩ㣬һȥȴʦӰƽʱʦָԼôڣ
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һ뵽̵ͬʱתŽȻͬķһʼãܿƵסԽԽ߻ħһ㣬ںֱײȫʧȥơ
ˡ
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һɲǣ뵽ˡ߻ħ֣ȻʱȴȻ޷תôȥô죿һʦײˡ
ʱһһ䵽˵⣬һĽŲԽԽ
ˣʦˡ


0026 
ʦˣô졭
һǰһʦԼ˱ɹԼģ
ڽ֮ʣȻ뵽ʲôƣһԼؿĵͬʱһԼϼѨȥڽǰڵѹȥ
ʲô
Ȼſڣʱ˫۷죬߻ħӣһ˲ƹȥָһʱѨȥ˲סȫ

һһƺߣһֻһһڰɫѪѴӿ˳
״һؿڣٽϢȶ޴󰭺󣬲ʵô£
ңҡ
һڻеЩ£ոð֮ǰѹȥһʧֵĻ룬˿̼ʦ俴Լ˵Ҹոհѵһķ˼죬ģͳһ߾
֣
˵꣬㽫һΪʦ˵ɾߣвٲӴ˶ħѻͷǽΪʦĻԷ磡
ʦʦ
һˣڵһҲҶʱƤ֣ʦģҲЦδ㼲ɫû뵽Լ˵ʲôоʦ˻ôòŵͷʦҴʦڣһ˿ˡ
ֹãޱϲֹˮҲ֪ոΪξŭ
ɡ
Ŷ
һ죬ӵվʦڲˣһЦʦȥ˰ôòŻ
û˵ֱһ̧ƾնһѣһƵѣ뵽ٹձʮˣɽ·꣬ÿ꣬ҲԼѡ
ʦ
⼸úΪʦҪȥ̨չա

漸գټ壬ȴһʦֽҲûУһֵ٣סȿƣԣһ
һůڵģһ԰£ȻҲ˸飬Ĵ澰һۣ¸ӣȺɽΣÿÿҹ¹£ƺǾ
֣һƬֳ겻˥ÿÿ紵ʱұ㷢һ档
ˮϪˮϪˮ״ӺδһҲûŪףξͷһ¾ڣˮӵҲ֪䵽˺δȥ
ģ̨̲Ǳ̨̲һǳĺأˮرڳˮ룬ȴһø߲ϳ꿪˵ĻÿÿʱƬƬˮ棬һ¡
˿һţԽԽģתһ룬ҪȻȥʦʲô
һ뵽ʦڱִ̨̲ô˻δʦأ͵͵ɽ̨ȥˣȻǰЩջʦˡ
˱̨̲һԶԶֱƼʵ·һͨɽһĻ׷Ʈ䣬λɾһ㡣
һס˹ȥ˸ʱ͵͵һʯͷ棬ͷʱ˶Ǵסһ㡣
ֻԶıˮһ£ʦ˫ѩǣǳǳˮû䡣һᴵϻƮƮ£ϣϡ
һճյǿˣʦʱԺֻ뵽ϻһ仰˵Ŀɲʦʳ˼̻ô
֮ɽ˾ɣѩԼӣʳȣ¶
һ񣬵ȻССֻ֪ͣΪвκһ˿
ô
Ȼ䣬۾ͷ΢΢һƫһѹ˴æʱ·˻ȥһһߺţǲǣңüʦ
ݣ
һˮֱ˹ӴһбһӣæܣƬ̼ܵûӰ
صһϰ£ոտʦڳ˵ûʲô϶ҪԼˡ
㷲ĵȵһԴЦʦôѽոüʦˣ
һۣƽǰģֻʵЩտѽһķڻͨ
һϵͷһ˫۾Ȼϵı仯Ȼʼնûκα仯ȥֻһ仰Ҵڶķ
һҲûУڶ죬һȥϰڶķʱҴң޺ۣˣһαͷʫԻ
̨䣬ƮƮɣ
˷Ӣ𣬰档
ʦ
ֻ̤գ㲻մأһ̳â²ֱȥƵ˵ͣȴǾտĸܣҲҪһɡ
ϽʱȻƾղһ˲ȴֳб֮⣬һָȥ顱һָ꽣ϣʱֱһ飬Եȥ
ӴӰ
ص棬ŰеʦȫȻֱ治١ҡҡͷӰɢȥΪʦ˵սԵУʵ޷ֱʵ򲻿¶ʵУױƣ𣿡
ٺ١
һЦȻһˣѹʮɣӢ˲ɳ֣Ҳȥ˵
ƮȻǰ̧˲ϺˮյΪֹټ
컹Ҫһʱһۣôδɣ־ˣ
ûУʦ˵
һһЦֱۣλãѿһˣٹֻ꣬»Ҫٸ߳ͷ
꣬ѽķء족Ҳɲ͡ʮر｣ֻδȣԺĻδڡ
ȥ
ǣ֪ˣʦ

̣ˮ쳣ľףһڴϣ˫ַԺ󣬴컨壬֪꣬δ뿪壬ѾϰʦԴû͵͵ȥٹЩգȥˡ
м£һֱǵãǵӦǰ¡һ£ǲǰѧڶ£ǲκǰ£ǲûķϹǰڵı¡
Ȼ䣬ոŵ֣Ǹʱ򴦴Ȼѹⶾ֣ʱϰһű£˹ǰ
Ҳ֪ǰġ
ű컨壬һһ̾Ѳ¶֪꣬ħҲ֪ţмţ֪ǿʢħڣǰʲôˣ


0027 ɽ
ʱһǰ£˼ĺʮ£ƣľ˥չ磬һʦķ䣬ʦС뵽ЩʱʦΪ˴Լۻˡ
һŪ죬˹ȥڴرϣʦŵ˫ۣ΢΢Ľëвһʦ˯ҲôȴҲûбʦˡ
תֺȻ뵽ʦôÿ춼Ǳģһɽʹ˲ҿԼ֮ǰʼֻһס壬꣬ιġ
뵽˴һǵһȦһȦȻǸɣҲյСͯʹˣʦеҲֻǾأް
Ȼһ𣬴һƬѩƮ˽䵽ϣһսЩһƬ޴еһ磬ʱۡ
ѽʦ
˫ü΢΢һ㲻ȥΪʦ
һһЦʦһ£
Ϊʦʲôӣ󳤷ھؽѾڻͨ𣿡
һƺ˿ûʲôҡͷЦʦٺú롣
ˡһ齣գΪʦ׼ɽһգɶ顣
𣡡
һǸˣһ§סĲӣһ£Ҿ֪ʦ
˫üһ֣ſΪʦ
ٺ٣
һһЦֽſڶ峿ʦͽǧ̨ϣƣʱɺƶȥɽȥأ£ף
֪ʦ

΢΢ףִӻȡһȥߡ
ϸȴһöССѪǲмϵһһգգֽۣӹһɲǣһѪĸоʵʦ͸ҵ𣿡
ⲻ֪öѪǵʱȡ£Իֻءһֱһ˵ܻСϵȻˣôڤڤ˵һ׽١
ֻܱǲ̫Ϸħ֪жٸʿѾõֻأȻʮ䣬ʼҲⲻССһϣŴҰҲɴ˳һա
ˣʱ磬ɽȥɡ

һ֮ؽѪպãתʩһ񣺡ͽȥɽزʦ֮˵գָһһѱɫķɽ̼㻯һâɽȥˡ
ûƺӰ˫üȻ䣬һƺ﷢ţָֻһ˳󼲻£һ޵Ϻ֮˻ȥ

ݣ
ɫֱƽ壬һվɾвипʱλϼ˳ȻǲϢ˿˼һϢİվڸ⣬һǡ
һתȥһЦλϣǵ𣿡
һ㶣ɳüӢͦϢǲһ֮ˣòЩϤһʱ벻˭ô£ֱƬ̣ϲŶȻѣ㣡һ
ǵӣλϡһ΢΢һЦ˹ֵ
һɲǣ˾Ԩһ㣬뵽ҴҶǸҲССͯòӢͦأҲڲŷӦСһǻҲģʵǽ԰Ѷһ
˿Щ̻̲ˣΪζֻ¶ûʲô¡
һ˳ϻ̳ϿֵӣЦոպ֮ڣǶʦ׼ʵɽġ
һ׼ɽģ˿Ļ׼ɽ㲻ܶǷǡ
һʵȻɻƽ壿
һʣ˱ѷɵֽ֮һʼ֪·Ҳ˽⵽Щ೤ϵ֮󣬱ҲδȻˡ
Ŷһ΢΢һȻϣȻ˱֪ͷԵ͵͵뿪ˡ
೤ֵ⣬Ҳ㰲ŵҩȥˣѾƽˡ
·֮λǶʱν̻̲գֱ뿪ԷģԴ˿̣Ȳ˵˳
һ΢΢ͷֵ̧λϷģΪȡصһЩ£ӵķ䣬û˽ȥɣ
ûûУߺԺӱκ˶ý롣
೤ϼæ˵ţЦѰӵҲˣһϵΨһӣʮӣҲҰնԷ֮ӷ
һ΢΢һЦˣǱ㲻ͷλˣ·һǵãԼȥȡɡ˵գһΣƮȻȥˡ
֪˶ãλŸоѾʪ͸ˣȥķڻδ˭ܹ뵽ô۵һӣܱϿأɼ޳
صվӴƿһɳ֮ʱ첽ڣֻذ϶һĳ뿪죬һҲû䣬ϻŸӣֻˮѸˣĻҳ
ϻмҳĵ伮дϵ˴ҳ
һвипߣﵱָ֯·𣬵ȥҳǻ·ҲûôǶʱ䣬Ҫ·ڿ·СȦǲˡ
˿ߵǰѼ伮ҲЩ伮ǵʥԣպҲа
ʰһУһһӣ㾡֮Уе֮˽ԻġǬ¡޵ðУԪӤ֮ʱʱʩչǬǲˣ˵СС£ǻҲܸװȥһСضһ¸С
ȥ⣬һķ˿ɽȻҲҪȥݺʦ㣬ֻһʱ䣬ԻȻشӣ溽ɡ
С統һϪˮ⣬ߺ󣬴Ҳˣǰ߼һ֣壬ΪӴԶ
ССԺֻһʮ߰ŮڼһЩҩŮһȹָͤͤϸҩġ
ʱд˵ЦС溰㿴⣬鷳಻˼
ûаЩҲ
Ůѩһ˿ǶˣʱһӰ֪ʱߵǰŮͷҲûֻ̧ϰԵĻȥϴҵ
Ҳء
Ц˵ţŮʱüһĸĵͽӣССͲѧã˵䣬Ȼһ̧ͷʱ˶סˡ


0028 ٻ

һ´ӷ˳ȥˣҲƵǰۣҲˣ

ҲһסˣӡǸӣԼŪСͷǰɣȴ˭
溽㣬һ
ͺãͺã
Ｘϲһ꣬յĺӣѳˣ˵һˣҲ˹ӭӣ˭뵽մǸͯ˷Ȳأ
棬һӲˣһ˫޼İ׷ðЩֿոҩüǲ岻ð
٣⺢˵ãе£һЦ˵ֻÿ꣬еۣ²£С溸ҷЩҩûˡ
ҲˣԽĶˣ˵һЩЦʱһ죬һۣˣҲǰһƤ
뵱Сһ𳤴󣬴С÷һ棬ˣﻹ뽫˴һ飬ֻڣ㲻ȥˣ溱һ곤һ꣬˱ǸµĽ㣬һӵĵܵܡ
Цڿɻ֪ɣСڵҽɸˣֳɴʮ˴嶼ҽء
һЦе£溶Цˣﻹһλŵĸͽءһһۡ
һЦȴЩ飬ѷǵĺͯһɼұ£ȻҲˣϢȷЩβࣿȵ֮˵űһλҽʥ
溽㣬ҪȻŰɡ
ðð
һǸˣȴһҡͷȥ
Ϊʲô
˾һһΪϲãΪβȥ溽㣬ǿأ㶼ȥ𣿡
ɣҾͲȥ溿չһֱۣЦȽ߳С壬ⷲ
һ΢΢ͷ˸־ԸȥǱ㲻ǿˣЦŵǺãȽҸ˴˼ܣһȥʦʱҩ
ѽȻһЦЦ紺š

ҹ
ѣƺۣɽߵĵطҲĵط
ˣҲˡ
һŲıɽħԶԶرܣ˲ҽӽ
Ǿ֮ϵģӡ
ָûü˿һƮƺǰһ٣ηڷǱ߸ңʵ
ƲߵͣʱֱϾƣʱ׹ɺ쳾Ȼһ̾Ϣһ̾Ϣд
СѾͷѺþãûˡ
Ȼ䣬дһʵֹˣҹˡ
ˣֻǳСҵ٣ᷳʤСӽղˡ
ֻУȻƮһӰӰʵһʮ꣬һ˫ɫͫףӡ˷ģһ°׷ۣڵ˫ǰϣĹ°ɲ
˵ϹʱڣŮˣũ鳢ٲݣһ죬ʼԣִѰͨ󴻡ȡһ֦һ٣١
ʱǰ٣Ƿ٣ҹ֮꣬꣬ѳ޷ơ
ٻ±ߣһƺòŻÿһε֮ܰ䣬һΣҲ⡣

峿һ˰ֻţֱȥ壬Ͻأ󷨣Щԣ㲻̫ǿ˹С
˿̣һﴫһŭ⣺ˣʲôٰ첻ɣҿҲˣ
ϢŭٸٸҺʦһʱ䡭
ֻһߣŭص±߶ˣ±˲Ǳˣǻݺǰꡣ
ߣһߣٸʱ䣬ʱҲ쳤֮飬
˲˵ͷĬĬ˳ȥڵӼ˳еĶ̾ϢеֻȴһǰЩ˲ٶʦʦãһһʧȥλҲᱸɡ
ֱ߳Զź޺޵Դ쳤ߺҿϵǹǣȥˣʦã߰ɣشһҪô
ʦ֡
ݺ̧ͷϣûյɻͷȥòŵȥġȥҩɺ׳ϰɣܲܽԪʹΪ£Ҳһá
ʦáָ˵ɺҲʲôˣ㡭˴˵ȥˣһ䣬̾ڴʱԶݺʦ㡣
ոһԶ˴ĺзŶ˵ĶԻ˿̻ݺ̧ͷһ㶣òŷӦС
ʦ㡣
һһЦ˹ԱߵҲסˣǸСС꣬ѳôˡ
㡭ôˣ
˺һݺηѣֻټʱٲǰǰƺʲôСһˣ룬ҲǸ˺Զ
Ǳ
ʱǱִһȣֻ߲֪ʱ˳Ŀһϣʲôˣνģ
㳡ϲٵӶ߿˹һǺ߿һۣ´ӣһ
ʲô
ԶӾһ㶣ǰյǸӣǺ΢΢һĿһ漴˹ϻ̳ϿֵعֵкηԸ
Ҳʦġ
ʦ㡭
ǺŽĿ⽥Ƶ˻ݺϣȻеһһϿ֪λ˭
ǡЩͣ٣ĺˣһ֮ˡ
һǵΧĵһǺ߸׹ѣɫˢһ±òҰףݺһ֮£ֻƽλ߸岻ãȴ˿֪顣
һЦЦޱ£ұʦˡ
롭ʱ˸ƣԷԽˣ˿ԽǸе֣̿Ҳ벻ǰµǸ꣬Ȼǻݺġ
ȥ㳡棬ݺһ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣƬ̣һתˣӦǲΪˡ
ллл㡣
ݺ̧ͷ˿ֽܿͷȥָҲ֪˵ʲôǰѾ̫һˡ
ʦ˵Ҫȥҩ壬ɣһȥɡһ˻
鷳ˡݺæҡ֣˵˵ţֽͷȥ˵ľ룬ԽԽԶˣҲ統һ㡣
һ˿һ̲֪ΪΣȻеЩ˵ѹ֣̫ˣ֪Ͳпᣬ񷽲ճǰƺ󹧵̬һ
ƣ仯Ī⡣


0029 
ǵʦţڻǸɽҰСء
һǸȵŮ߽Щݺ̧ͷ˵ʲôֹԱߵҪȻʦȥɣҾͲȥˡ
κ󣬻ݺҧ촽˵ͷ͵͵һۣ˱㼴⣬ҩķȥˡ
·ϣһ֪˽飬ݺȴعģ˴γ棬ϳǶϲټΪʦˡ
ǻݺʱƽǸСһһ۸˵һҪģӸλȻ˶㲻֮Ĳޣϵĵӣһһ˿ţе˰Ͳü㷸Ȼûȥ
֪ʦ㲻õġ
һ˵ͷɽ֮ǰûô࣬˻ݺҲ־˵֮ǰԼһֱ壬뺦ԼҲûлᣬǹãҪȥʦֽܹͬϰˡ
ҩϣֻɽҰطһɲ԰֮ƽɲ԰˴ҪŨ࣬ʦʦöϸĿ԰֣ݺˣʦʦǶ׷Цʺ
·صҩ֮󣬾صһԭݺʼҩ壬ֻӯͣϴǰļλʦֶ壬ǴҲȥ壬˭֪ûȥ꣬Ǽһչ˵쳤ʵߣʣϳϱǲΪˡ
ʦ㣡ѽף˭ѽ
СʦԶ˹գһ˫ۿԱߵһݺһЦ𣿡
ڵأʦ
СʦҩĴ⣬ֻڴһǳյϣôˣûð
㶮ƨһʱ˺ͣνʱָ
ȿȣϣݺʦˡ
Сʦȥſڣֻһ¯¯żɫĻ棬Աһɫ۵ߣתǲͷûȻᡣ
˵գתȥҩɺ׳ϣ˵ʲôȴһ㵵Ŀŵ⣬ɵüͷһ壺ʲôҽû
ȴǵҲѳ󣬵ӯ֮£ҩ壬ɺ׳ϵҩӣһ꣬ϲһȴϲ
ϡ
ʱһŻݺ˽ɺ׳תȥյӺһİּ꣬㣬ǲüʲôˣ
ͽһ
һ˹֣Цɺ׳ȴһŶȻʲô㶷һۣ㻹ʲôȥ
žѹæͷȥˣһʱֻȶڲͣ
ȥɺ׳תΪЦһͰЦкηԸ
һϰ±Щǰƺ󹧵ķЦҲֻǻʦϽһΪԪ֪ɷ񣿡
Ӵԣϲˣ
ɺ׳ʱһţݺȥЦŵݺţұǰЩմõӸȥģЩʱչžͰ¶ˣϺͿˣ
лϡ
ݺһʱҲĸһ·ϣɺ׳ϲͣ꺮ů飬ɼϰ£ǰ˵ݺһˣСȥʣҲû˸߹ݺˣȻǰΪͽܵ갡
һϣɺ׳ȡһɫСݺЦԪ֮ʱӦ㣬ڣ˶Ժˡ
࡭лϡ
ݺ˹֣棬ɫѲ磬ݺתһǡұȻˡ

һ΢΢ͷȥıӰ˵ݺű򣬽Էѣǹһ˽ᣬҲ֪ټ֮ڡ
һһ
һʱɺ׳׷Цһ
ϻк£
һָһֳȥԵķɽɺ׳ϼɽâⲻû뵽ϾȻѽҲˣиǻ̻̣Цһ꣬ѧȻȻƺŽŲ仹Щ鸡裬񣿡
һеģһ΢΢üԼŽȻͬͬʱǱȳ˳ӯ࣬ʼдͻƣΪͣڡĽ׶ΣԳ֮ǸոաԪʮصĵУԶء
ɺ׳Ϻεʱü֪ԼдΪĽᣬЦ޷޷һţ˭ƿһ˵ţһߴȡһöƿһʵǺ
ɺ׳һЦƿȥһ֪ǺֽӹָƿһɲǣʱеһϢȫ꣬δй飬һǺƿһֻһöɫԲҩҩΪһ㵭âǣȻƷҩ
ɺ׳ЦΪӤҾۼʮɣͻƿΪһǧֱԪӤ
⡭һһæƿ˻ȥ֮ʹãʹãջء
٣ˣڳʲôʹʹõģ
ɺ׳ϺһЦֽƿƻȥЦɽϺһСһ֪жҪҩأ£µģ°ɣҲо
⡭
һȷʵʮֶģһö浤ҩºΪһǧøʦˣкβɣ㼴ЦҾȴ֮ˣлȻȥˣ
ȥ汳Ӱɺ׳˿ȴָеۣӤɲ˵Ƶģۼ䣬ִʮշɣԼڶûóء
ص罫һԺ棬Ҳ㼱Ż壬ֻҪ̫δɽһձ㲻ȥűأϴĵط
Զ㿴㳡Ͼۼ˲ˣصĳϣҲ߷ĵӣһʲôӣ־ôˣ㽫ɽ˫һ㣬Ϲ㳡һôϣ
ֻ̨ϣӰ㳡ȥƺŵĵӡһ˫Ŀ΢ĵУȻһ۱оΪұǸӣµ߽ΪӣͬҲǳȥ
ٹ۹㳡ϵļλسϣüڵԴһ±Ϊ
һе棬ʲô·λϸٴһ㣿Īǻ˵սкϷˣһ죬ץһӡ
ֻ㳡ϣ֮׵ţԵôݲȣ̨ϼλüøˣȻ֪˽Ŀġ
²طҹ꣬λҵʦܣɷ硣
΢ЦǰŸ̨ϼλҾʩһֽԱߵָָٹŻ䣬ʦʦ˰񡣡
ŴһԶٵӶС̨ϼλɫ΢΢һ䣬ĿⲻطǿȥЩϣԭ˾ʮǰյǸӣطһɫꡣ
һ£λϸɫŻÿһӾһΣ֮д裬Ϊӣν񡱣ָϴλУܵǰʤɰݻᡣ
ݻַһİݻᣬǰ֮ЯһȴֱͳҪųһӣӶԷｫߣҲûܳɹõ֣֮ȻὫͳֻһټһɣɾ޹ˡ
ɷ磬˽񡣡
˽Ĭ֮ʱӺȻǰһվ߸߾һ̹תȴһö⡣
λ϶ʱüͷøˣɷ̬Ȼδڳ֮˷Ҳѹ֣ʱ㼫츳̶ʱľ磬طΪŵӣ˵ΪУֵ˺εȾ磿ֻ½ڳŵӣûһ档
λ˶ݵĳ˼Ҳûгɫĵӣ⣬злشҲǷֻЩ˳ѾãŻ䶼ܲμˣﻹһʮëӽ˵ȥЦ
˽ԳĬ֮ʱɷȻǰһصô֮Ҳô
һǵڵӸѿλϸɫһ䣬Աҹѹʦܣ񣡡
ߡɷֻһߣȻ߾⣬ڴʱԶȻŮ
ֻһģʮ߰Ṳ̊գ˲˹㳡ϣŮüĿ续һϼص请ʮ˴ӣߣ̲طȵĵ
Զǽ⣬һϣ΢΢һλʦô请üϵĵӣ֪ǸѵŮǷҲڡ


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㳡ϵһ±øˣɷ翴ŲԶĺŮе£ְ˸֣롣
һ£ʱǺԽԽ󣬰ʱХȻƮ˺˪м㳡һ½˺ڣ˾еһ㳡ȥ
ֻɷǵȻһɽɽȴ齣ʵ̨ϵļλϲɫһ䣬û뵽Ȼ˽Ҳˣ
طȲؽİѽѡ˪֮һǵطȵȡຮ֮صغؼ֮ɡ
գطȷԲ콵˪²ɢԽ̲һΪµĺһʹգҲ˲뺮
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һ£㳡˸ĵˣ˵мλڣ߲£Էɽ֣Ҫˣ̸ӶԷｫõ
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Զǽ⣬һҲۿʦбԷƴȻҪԿҲɫһ߰ӣһۿ

ֻ촫ƿɷ㺮ƽ֮ʱȴɷָһеһȥ֣˪ʱһâ˹ȥһɽһʱһ磬øľ֦ҡҶΡ
̨ϼλԹۣƵó˿һб֧ţ۵̲ط֮㣬ټ˪̫أһ㺮Χذɣ

һ죬߱ɷһˣȴԲվ֮ͦȥֻӰң֮ݷľۣʯɽȻð˵Ҫõɷ⣬빥Ҳѡ
Զҹ꾲սʦвԼȴʤԼ꣬޹ʦǰأŮӹȻʲ⣬ûпܡ
Զǽ⣬һҲţʦδζǼͽһľذɣ֪ԸвԷȴӲҪԼ̹֣֮֮ԼĻһô򣬲˵ֹһĵʲô£Դ˿Ծյذӣۿ
Ͻۼ治ٵһĶȻ䣬ֻһԾŽһף˫ֲҲдʣ޼Ǭ򽣾
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ȥ
Ŀ֮ʱʩϣ콣Ӱһ˲仯ǧ貵ĽŭһɷնȥﻹһԵѣǿֲ£ԶԶĵӣҲвֱӱ˳ȥ
ȻȴɷأɫңвϽӡ˲ǰǽ飡ŵһնһǽʱŵڶǽҲϵ֮·顣
ۼֻʣһǽ˽ס˺̨ϼλһҲɤֱۣӴλվ

һ촫һâնǱǽ֮ϣȴֻǽʮѺۣһ˷㾲Զǽ⣬һҲվĿת켤Ľâô
ϰһвԭʼ޵ĵԼҲʩչ㾪˵ĵǸöãܹʦȥμŻˣ֪Լ㽣в̨˼дſˣûʸμŻǵȱԵġ
˿̣㳡Ϊͺ֣תʤڼ˽Ϣ񣬺Ȼ䣬ֻ߽ٴߣ콣Ȼһ¡һƿɷһǽ
ʦܡ
һɲԶҹҲ΢΢һȻǰʦĻСȻˣʹʦܵĵŮ֮ϣҲ˷
һ˲䣬ֻ߽סɽԪҲ˲ϻָȻɷ缲ȥһֻ˫գʩչһĲȴһġˮ
ֻӰصʵʵԱ壬߽ÿ̤һ˲˰ٲ룬ת˲۽ɷǰ
Ȼʤֵ˲䣬ɷӰȻʧˣһ˲Ȱ֣һС顱һһᣬ֮ǰĹ󣬴ʱֵסһ㵹˳ȥ
ʦ㣡Զ˽һ̨ϼλϸһʤѷ֡

ص棬֧Ųסһ˿Ѫ˳Զ˼״׷׳ɷ̫أɷȴֻһߣеһ䡰ˡ
֮ΪΪûпʩչǬ򽣾ʱ龰
˼˿ʤ˻һưģ׷ŭǣҲ˿ϧλʦոʹϵɲʤδ֪
ߡɷ⻰иǰصӹȻͨȴҲδؼñµһˡ
һ仰˵òСԶ˾һѵ϶Ʋҹɫһ䣬̳ʦܡɺԣ
̨ϼλϵɫѿˣһողµĵӺ˵ʲôʩչϵĲͲ䣬ɷ̫Ŀˣƫƫ޿κΡ
˵ʦĻ
Զǽ⣬һȻһ֧Ҳץһӣһߣݡһһöӱɷ缤˹ȥ
ɷӦ֮죬ָһһʱ㽫Ϊ촷ۣȵʲô󱲣ڴ͵Ϯ
⻰һǵΧһŭţŵ˻˭ʲô󱲣˵ղе˲֣˿ڵȴϣиߵʦ֣ѵѵĿ˵Сˡ
ݣ
Ȼɷ缱æתɽֵȻǷȴԽԽܼ·˷ӦӲϾһȴӣʲô˰һ
⡭
˲ʶ㳡ǽһǧɿȥҲһɲǣһӰٿȻ˶δܿ塣


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
죬ɷ¶ˣÿδУԷһţûܿԷģ
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ɷ˿ԷģҲûҲ֪ԷõʲôУ֪ԷʽΣһֻϮԼһУȫ֪Ȼ
Ȼ䣬ֻʹȫԪһһƵͣһٸؿһƣǼʱתסֻ·Ҫشɡ
һ£ɷҲڿὣֱһƴ˹ȥһӦѸ٣ɲٴչһ˲ֻӰʧˣɷδӦΪ̳
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һ˲䣬һ࣬һɷʱֻеֱһ飬Ӧеѱˡ
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һ㳡ڵӸʧɫ⡭ǵǸҲײϵ֪ꣿ
һɲǣվԵҲƴסһ㡣
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ܶĿ⣬һɷЦЦûˣڵ˵˵ӵĹǲ֮һ
ɷɫֱָ죬Ҫ֮ǰΪ˵ֵߵ򽣾Ĺ󣬼ɲΣ
ٷ֮ʱһְֻϣֻҹ겻֪ʱһЦϵġɲ鴫Ŀã
˵գּ̨ϵļλϹ˹֣ҹĳʦܣиˡһ˵꣬Աߵɷ˵ɫ
ɷȴԵúܲһʦҲδسͽ꣬Ҳڶѡ
һΧ˽һڵľ磿ôܣ̨ϼλҲ˱ɫȻƵóһлܵͣɲɷ֮ǰԪģ֣ڵһ֮Ӧϸ
һµǰĳڣҲõ񡭡δ˵꣬һν顱һ˲һۡ
ʸμŻˣ˵ֻ
ɷһתȥˣոǵν̨ϼλϾһܴ߷νһɲҲ޷ܿ
һ˿µĽֻۣһߣʸμŻ˲𰡣
˺Ƭ̨̣ϼλϲŶһۣ˵񡱲е˲֣һһ͡ǡʱŹ²̨ˡ
ʦ㣬㡣
һҲȥôˣеߵȥ΢΢һ㶣ɷϣҲ˼ȥ⣬һȴ֪ΪΣֽסˡ
ӴʦЩȥҪˣʦټλټ
һݸߣһţʱŵķȥˣգ۱ʧƼʡ
Իһ㣬˿ԶһɽͷϣֻһʮŮƮƮǲʳ˼̻һ㡣
ҪˣͷĻᣬߣһҼסˡ
ӰһΣŮˣʧ

ص磬һȥʦһˣȻ˰죬ҲʦĻʦֲôϥ£˹úõһϢ
һһѽ죬ʼվ㣬Ժһ֮ǰ±ɷսԷȫһԼʱתǰڵסֻ·ǵõشɣҪǴ˸տʼʦ̫󣬼Լ壬Ҳδسܵ
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ʦ
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ָ磬˲Уöҩ˳Ŀһɫһ䣺ӤöҩǴӺζ
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һԴû뵽ʦӦôң£ɫʱøˣ·˲һ˪㻰˵


0032 谭
һģÿ£Դµǣһʱ·ϼġ
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ߣ
ɫһ䣬һ;нݾߣҩȻʹΪڶʱڵͻƣȴվ޷պﵽߵľ磬һҲ˶ˣǽΪʦĻԷô
ңҡ
һͷ͵͵һۣû뵽һʱҲګګ˵һߣһΣ²Ϊ˵գָһöҩⵯȥˡһ˵ǰС
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һߣ˳һ̿֡ɸ֡ζ棬һԴЦٺٵʦҸ˵ոأطȵսǣʦڵı£˸ſˡ
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һԶȥӰȻЩʧ䣬ʦһϲԼҲѹ֣Լģʺõʦֽ㣬ǰ£ָܹﵽľ磬ʩչԼʼջͣĳڣΪҲƽƽ棬ѵԼûôʦѾԽԽϲԼˡ
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꽥Щˣȡͭһգ˼ֻ֣ʼ벻׵ǣͭȷ֣ΪԼΪչԱȱôࣿԼٲҲӦð⾿
¹һأѵΪǰڵԵ𣿿Ҳ԰ȻԼŲͬһǱ˴˼ȴ˿ûӰ죬ֻҪͬʱתûκ⣬ȫųԭ־ʲôԭ򣬲ʹԼΪչȱôࣿ
湲ĸ׶Σֱǡ񡱡顱ϵ
ĸ׶Σһ׶׵ģԽԽ죬ǵҪʣͬʱҪ컯ΣеһҲԿľ磬Եܹϵ𻯳ɵˣָ
ҹֳ˼֣һ˿ʹȫѨ𽥽ڤ롣
ĳ˲䣬еоһʹԺǸӦһȫԼ·Ǳǿʩͨģ·谭ڣȻֹĸоȴͷʹһţκκۼ

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༸˶ĬŵһһǹͬĽᣬʦֵӣӷлشü⣬ĵӽСĵ˺Ҳδͽˣͽһ±ȫʦúͼʦܡ
Ȼ޳Уļ꣬Ī˽˥ȻҲҲ׿ԽĵˣȨԨһĹƣ请üһǧѩӻ˵ùȥǲһᡣ
ĵӰƽƽ棬ĵҲͬˣʣ໹棬໹ı£ҪһҲʲô£˭ƽûôܹµӡ
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νšǧǰԷһɵͬˣĿıΪպħַ֮ʱɼܹͬЭУǹĶǣȻʱ۴Сɣ֪ͨˣȴƫƫûţ
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Ȼǲ֮Ϊִ̫ħִ֮ţ˵ҪȥѰħ飬ֻ۴ķ黳෴ڴµĴӷȥ죬á
ȥټĵֶ˼䣬˺һвСͯ߳ϣҩԡѾˡ

һζʱ붬ƮƬƬƻõİѩһΪȻûʲôͻƣһȴȥϰ౾ŵˡ
ȥص·ϣһ˼һǿ౾ŵɷԼΪͻƣҲǰͬЩʦֽΪչˣǵǸŮ֪ΪУѵʲô׶Ρ


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λҲЦӭһȻǸԪŵŮ

Ů΢㣬΢΢һЦǾϵ̨ӻʹ˵ʢİٻҲʧ˼ɫ
˿̲ٵӶճյȻĿ⣬ȴǰǸҲϡ
ֽǧѣŹϽԪŵˣҲǸɹϽǰ;Ƴ֮ա𻯳ɣǰۻԻ֮ˡ
ǰ˼ħУۿһǰԪʢӴ˸ļԪȻ˼ǵûٳһǰ绪֮ˣս·ħ深ʢǧǰǴħһۣǶԪ޷ʧλǿʱ䣬طʱʧʱգЩɫ
˿̣ŮĿԼһʶҪرܣȻѸΪϵͽܣ˿ǾŮ統һҫۣԼΪʼƽƽԵʰɡ
ɰλϿʼν޷ǱǴһЩҵ伮Լа֮𣬲κķЩһƽˣҲù죬˯Ȥ
ֱʱ֣λϲõӲ֪İһɫĴʯʯӡ˷ģŲһʯڵӲеЩ棬׷ȥָᴥʯϣʱܵһ˸Ӧ
ʯȻǲڵεʯͷˣλϻ룬ɳϵضһҲ˽⣬ʮпԪʮпɳ𵤣пɿԪӤпԪϣпһ߰ν֮ɽ٣ǧеɾ
ڵøľȻʲôԪϣһЩǶԻԵ̫ңԶˡ
ұߵİسֽŵĸ׶Σһ׶Ϊһԣ޵ʮУܳ˾ڶ׶Ϊ񡯣˽׶εˣʮʮС׶Ϊ顯ܳ˾Ӵ˱ɷֱ֮޵Ժ󣬷ٿһ׶Ρϵ
ڵ÷׷׵ͷ֮ܶʱ䲻˵ʲôвǾһΪߵ͵׼츳ǰʮ޵ðУƽƽʹһʱ䣬Ҳδ޵ʮС
ɳֵ꣬ȥʯԼΪΣע⣬ʱһҪȫþȫʯȥĽԼΪͣĪҺͰسδѡ
ڵԾԾԣ״βΪȻ߾ȫһ˻õӣҲԼ⣬˭ʱʵҴţͲóء
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Ƭ̣λһȥЦһҲȥ԰ɡ
ΪϵΨһӣλҪչˣȻ˿һȴЩԥջ˹ȥһԼؽţǰһ㡣
λϺɫڴΪ˿ԶһƵϣﲻ֪ʱվˣһŮӣһӣһꡣ
˵ͽܣлشü⣬ĵӽ˿Ҳעߡ
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ᶯʦһһתȥȴһЦˮĺŮ˹ϲüʦ
ʦü⣬һܴʲô벻Ըոһֱں棬ֱʱСһͻȻʺ
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һȥıӰԽǸеˣʦ֪Ϊȴֲ˵龿ʲôˣλɨϲʲôˣǰʲô֡
ҹص䣬һ֪ôԼĵҲôȡͭϴȥƣʼר
ʱȴ֪ΪΣƺԴǴĪֺͱøˣʱ򾹻Īȥյǻ塣
ʱһΣһ¹ȥˣǰ£ÿµ׶ҪɴΪϸһԣ浽ʦﰤҲֻӲͷƤˣȻĻؾǡʦˡ
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ɽٵӶСۣʱʱһͶȥĵĿ⣬ɰλҲüͷҲû뵽ĵӻٶЩ꾹һ仯ҲûС
˱˴˶ӣü϶һ⣬֪ϸ±㲻һԵˣܺùﱻ䣬ЩӲ£һҲ֪˵˵ѾðϣССϿɵ
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Զһɽͷϣվһˣһ쳤ȹƮƮϴζսɷߣһӡĺãֻҲû뵽ʦܵĵǳ˵ǳǴα˲֪ڹ㳡Ͽʦܷסɷһľ룬Ҳδسܵ
ʯǰһջƣתȥҲܴ˿̸֮˵Ǳȱ˸ʮŬҲһԼҲĻˡ
ֻǴ˿̣ȴһŭ𣬱˵ûϵЩ˷Ѿ˵ʦˣҲֻţΪһҲᣬûбȥѵЩˡ
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ʱȻһӵĵЦԼĪʮ꣬һ£ҲӢֻȺ˳һͣ˽Ųתͷ䲻ȵ£
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һСһºȷʵ߷ӵν֮ʦ֣ǰͰˣֻʱ֮ԣĵһţҲˣѣΪˣһô֣
Աӯɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱҡҡͷʾⲻҪ£ȻˣȴȥһԣϾԷѾϵͽܡ
ν֮ȴ˿⣬ӯңкβңһĵӣҲֱӰ£Ҫ˵ԼʦӦʦء
һ±øΪˣ˵Ŀⶼһν֮ϣʱɰλɳν֮ȥü¸µҺͰسԻᰲţºúǡ
ν֮ЦЦϵ״ӣȻعȵĴϷϣЦλԼǣֻǵӼǵãһԣ˫Ը⣬ôҲøԤ
λüͷøˣҲøˣν֮һȥͬд裬ڽ֪ʦΣ
ɽ˵һָһ̽·ưǧʯһأҲ޷ټǰʱһЦӯӯ𣺡ʦ֣ҪȻддΣ
һȴһϣյػСţν֮ʱеһѾͷûСӳʲôͷ˵ʲôȴһһ仰ˣĳӦս
˵գһȥҲͷԶλüɳϵˣ֮ǰ˽±ȶһ֣λϵĵӣһϳͣ
ڵ׷׵ͷ仰Ȼǰȥһ鷳˵Ƕλϵĺ⣬Ϊ˱ȴǡǡСС
ǰƽ壬սڶ̨ϺԱ˴ñ϶ûϵڣǰƽˣʦͽܡ
ص壬һһȭԺһôϣҶ䣬ģԼʦҲЩˣ
ΪʲôΪʲô˶ڽԼĵȴʼͣͲǰˣˣٹ꣬Ż䣬ѵԼҪʦ
һҲ޷Ҳ˯žȻ䣬뵽һطһΣԺȥˡ


0038 
һһһϪߣ֣ӰˮϪˮۺʱҲȴѱǧ꺮ҪǺ䡣
һ߽Щʱе֣ȫ²ɵô˸ʦ˵Ҫ񡱵Ľ׶βܽˮϪΣգԼĿǰȴڡĳڣóȻˮΣա
˿ˮȥѰ޷ʹԼиǱ辶ðһԡ
뵽˴һٲԥתȫԪ壬һˮȥһˮУһʱе˫һǱסһ㣬һ̣ˮк¶ϣһ׹ߡ
̶Ƭ̣ѽϣٵϣϣϣֱۺͷϣһ˪
Ԫ壬ʱ޷ڣˣҲʹ׹Ҫ尾ܣÿһ̣ǹȥһ֮á
һסס
ֻݽҧţһԼʹҲܲ񵱳ǰԣؼˣ޸ʲôɣ
һһȫ˺˪װ׵һƬǸһ˺ҹȥǿֲƺѾܹǿɺˣвָе֣ʦ˵ҪܵˮкΪʲôԼھѾܹסˣĪǡ
һɲǣһֵͷԺһֲҷ񣬾ֹһʱŻصϣʱֻȫůڵ泩ޱȡ
ĿǰĹˮϪԵܹʱҪһʱǷ˵ҪٶһĹ
һϪвԣһ̣뵽ʲôȴֲ̫ס
һȥˣڶȥعȣȻ²ǰ㣬ⲻ⵽Щ䳰ȷҲȥЩˣЩ޷ǱʼԼʦΨһͽܰˡ
ֻʣһ£Լ컰ȥˣҪô죿˵ԼǱһͬеôһЩν֮Ѵﵽڣ˶ʮУοԼʲôҲᣬȥ
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һɨأһ߻˵ţһ֪ٹһ£Ҫ˱ԣ˵бҸʮ꣬ôǴ򲻹ˡ
֪Ҫܣο໹ҪһʱڿӦһ̣͹ȥ𡣡
һɵʱô˿ţǲӦǽƲǶඪ˰
㵽ʱˣ𡣡
ҡ
һһʱ侹˵ˣֳ̾
š
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⡭
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ֻصҶתԽԽˣΪľ£˹仹֮է죬һһʽ
ΣǿǸ㣬ʽûʲôõĵ

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ǿ
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ֻ˫һͣǰɿҶ֮ʱƿն칫һߵ֮ƣɿƲɵһɽ壬ҲҪ˲ɿҶ֮»Ϊޣ
ƣɲɢ
ڰɿҶ֮֮ʣһǡֻҶɢȥƬƬҶ
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ǰǰ
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߻˻֣һߴｫɨ˻һߵˣȻ֮䣬ָ˳ƺ
ǣǡ
һسƺһЩ̻ˣߵΣſѿˣ

һϵͷԭϲҪƷԼƷԼ𣿵ȻˣʽŵԵеҪ󲢲ߣɲʺԼ
뵽˴һ־ϲ춼˷ܹͷҪôҪôȻЦ˻Ϊɵء
ʱܿȥˣһʱΪˣÿҪȥعϽʮֲȥʦҪģҲΥ棬Աֻܳʱ䣬ȥ£ɨָʽҹص壬ֶ
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Ȼ䣬ԺȻһ󵨵뷨ԼвĹȥģܲܰװʧ˰ɣѵ˵ǡ
޻޻ǵУһ˲޻ԽԽ࣬һȥһͻƾ磬Լȴ
Լǲ޻ȥһ޻ԽѹԽԿȥв֮ʵϣԼĹѾ֪ԶͬˣһͬоܵУ
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ȵȣ
Ȼ䣬뵽ˣԼоͻȻûǴʱʼģǴǰһԼԺ˯ˣǰԼ


0039 Ȼ
뵽˴һǷˣĻΪǰԼʲôŵԼΪͻƵ˻ɹǰһẦԼûɺԼҪԼֱɱԼǣαػԼ
ڿǰȷʵûкԼȻΪ翴ƱûˣʵԼΪȴǱѹһͬǧԼĹԶͬˣһǰȴڰԼ
תһ룬־òԣ治Уһ湦Խ˵ΪϽСѹ

Ȼ֮䣬һеоһʹֳָĪΪ¯컯ΪΪ̿Ϊͭ
ô£Щʲô
˳˰ʱ䣬һָȥʱԺЩַ·ɢΣôҲ벻ˡ
ô
һګګؿ˫ƣΪʲôԼԺЩֵ֣Щ־ʲôΪ벻ˣѵΪЩ֣ŵԼнչ
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һһ˷ܵ˯žİ¸ǲҹĿǰ޷ȥϳ˵㽫ŵʹָʱν֮ϳ˵һս
ʱҴңתǶ³糿عȾˣȥӰζΪһԵӣһǰν֮һս飬ʦֽǰۿϾǰδչӣ˸ͽܣ˵ǸʼˣԶеǳ档
ٽʱ˶ˣɰضλϣλϣԼ߷ʦʦ㣬¥ɽȨԨϵĵĹƣ请üϵĵǧѩߵȵȽڡ
ճʱѾһ̨ɪɪ̨һƬƬҶڶ̨ĶϷڣȥнˣ߷Ȩ壬ڶ࣬˴ֻһ֡
ϵɲʵѱ棬ȻмҪ
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˵仰ʱƺѾȲҪһһбˣȷе˵뿴ϵͽܣһд
ԱӯʼüҲ֪ν֮ĵԶһ֮ϣһԿ˵ûκ֪ΪΣЩõԤУ뵽ǰܵͻȻƽƽشʱһ˼⡣
̨ĶվʮƮƮŮӣЩ请ĵӣԶԶһͬ˫üġ
ɷʱƽ棬ȻϣӮⳡԵһҲ֪ĵбν̫֮ˣϵɲҲԱҪȡʤǲܵ顣
̨ɰضλϼʱ˱˴˶һۣɳϸһν֮һԿʼ
ŴһĵӽǾһ񣬷׷̨Ͽȥع֮ԾۼôˣΪǶ뿴δչӵϣյĵӵмＸ
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ǧâν֮ʹ֮£ŭһһնȥڳ޲Ϊλֵֵôֵֵ
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Զ޹ģۼǧƽһ̲סʧ˳
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һһ֮ν
ʱ̨ϴһֻһ˫ַһһ壬һһףǰγһ̫ͼһǣ
˷Ӧһ˲䣬һ磬ֻáɳɳ֮ϣ˽µĿҶתǶ̨ȥ䣬֮


0040 ľ
⡭ǣʽ
˸һֻʽ֮ȷʽֻʽŵǬ򽣾ϳ˵û˿ɱԣԲȥֿ򽣾ø
˿˽Ϣֻһ˫ֲϷǰֳһ̫ͼܵĿҶΧƵԽԽ죬ȻУν֮ĵ򽣾ֵ档
ô
˰˼⣬ν֮ҲûϵСӷֻľ磬Ϊδ˿ʩչʽֵܵס򽣾ϲܣŵֵܵסص򽣾
ȥ
ٴһȣν֮ʹ˻Ԫһߣǵʱâʢ貶Ŀǵسһնȥ
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ס֣
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ֻ̨ϼ첻ϣƵĿҶ籩ĽһˣÿһƬҶֵһ̨޲𾪣ôܻ
ν֮ǺȻɫôܣôٴԪȻȴʧȥ˿ƣҵһЩӰԵȥǿʩչ򽣾ԪģȻҲ֧ϳ˵ˡ
ˡ
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䣡
ֻһ죬̨һν֮ҶӰһײʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥڶ̨棬쳾
֮ԶȥոһĻȴأһ̣˶״סˣ·һ㣬·ոһжǼٵġ
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ʦܡ
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޸ߵͣڣʩˡ
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ʱɰضλϲžѹ뷽һĻҶ裬ͬʱ뵽ʲôⲻǲǿľѵѵλǰ
һɲǣ˿һȥıӰǵ뺮̶һ䡣
ԶСһôϣеػСţһȥıӰЦһƺϵˡ
请ǱߣҲعǰԶȥıӰԽԽ͸ƽˣȷǣһΣϾûпۡ
ıȻһ𺳵һĻԾƵԺԽıԶֻǵ㵽Ϊֹʣձʤˣһ̨û˸ȥսúν֮һ³

ĺɫϼƽһɳɳɨصϣ˳ɨŵôҲɨĿҶʮһգһգϰˡ
ʱһٿȻ߶±ϣ̼仯һɷǵߣһɫۣüһɫӡٲȻִŵˡ
Ѻþòˡ
ЩɳƣԾɵͷɨأδ̧ͷȥһЦȥֶϼεЦһμʦ壬һӵŻɡ
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ԼΨһͽҲס˵Щʲô˰ˣȥɡ

ѹȥ죬ع㳡ϾˣλƽټļλϣһԹˣĵҪȥѡȡʺԼķȻЩķҲͨķһࡣ
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㳡ϵһ±ΧĵӲҳԶüº໹ȼλҲ˵ʲô֪ͣΪڡһţҲóҩԵҩӹΪ
ƫƫȴ˵һ;нݾҩֻӵܣڵҩһžΣԪŵشӹ˵Īһǣҩж̴ֻҪãҲǰ㲻Ϲʱڵ棬а¯ȱأ
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ԶüҲüͷǰⲻ֪Ҵ䣬ʱǲã꣬ǰһĿ𳤣иǲϲͽˣֻɽҰСԶɽҰСӣɱҲˡ
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֪˶ãһԴʲôһ£ŵһ飬æվҡͷԵŹ֮ͬ䡭һһѭȴֲʦӰӣǸո˭Լ
ţԶһɹ顱һϣһѸתֻƬҶƮ£ȴκӰ˭˭ô󣬸ϷŪɣ
ߣʱԶŮΪʦڴ˼ȴڴ˯Ǻôĵӣ
ʦ
һһ԰ʦȥɽ£ôôͻˡ


0041 ʦ
ϸȴЩŹ֣һָһһָķȥ顱һһϣҶ䡣
Ҷ׷ȴּһŮƮŮһ£ϾȴСѡ
㣡
һʦ㷣վȴҪʦȥ
Ц˹һüͷһ壺ι壬ʲôıʦ֪ˡ
ߡѺЦһʦڸʦ请ءһ˵ţһһ֧
Ŷһ˿Сʦ϶ʦǰ˵һ
ʦûôСأ
Уǡ
㻹˵
һתΪһ˹ȥһһæչɲܣѵĵȴԶ֮ϣҡˮǧĹҲϰò붯ȫѱƵˡ
һƲҲѸ۹һ֧ʩԡʮر｣һ𣬶ԼֻӰȥҶ䡣
Ƭ̣һЩæͣ˺ˣ˲ˣٴȥʦҪˡ
ߣƮƮص棬ȴ治ĲԵʮУһֵôǺãһʦ㣬Ź
ҡһͷһƫ䲻ȴףԼѾͷҲɵ֮Ĳȴֲģ˿̣ԼȴһҲûУټȥԼذɡ
ô
˵Ҫȥһҡҡֵˣˣ㻹ǿЩȥɣʦˣҪ
ȴ˿ûҪߵ˼չһֱۣЦ˵ľιȥˡ
һҪ
ô㲻ȥѽ
һ´յǰգۿһŵϴ㣬ֻһǵ֪ĽٰͣƽһϣٺõľҲᷳˣڶһСʦߣǵöȤ
ȥ𣿡
ִսЩһˣʦƽȻȴԼת۱£ٺһЦ߰ɡ
ȥˮϪȥۣˣ֮ԷδЦ˵ĵطǱ̨̲һͨ
һ¶֮⣬ȴЩԥʦ֮أƽҲȥתͷЦȥ̨̲ɡ
Ца绨ãһҲþܾ˵ͷ
Ƭ̺˱ֻ̨̲ˮԣмĲ˻ֱ꣬Ƽʣֱɽһ㣬紵ʱƬƬ׷Ʈ䣬ƻá
ۣ
չ貨һˮ棬˲ϣһҲȥϵĻ׷ڶ˼Ϸϣʫ续
ˣſ˫һĲϣֻ˵泩һһȥԱߵĲݵأЦѽ
һŻع߹ȥ£ҲһˬֲʦҪѡ˴
ιô˵ˣ
һ˫ĿһתͷȥĿӵһ˲䣬һ㣬ǶмƮĻꡣ
ٹŻˣҲҪȥ𣿡
ѺȻ˵һеĺ˼룬صʦһӣҵȻҪȥˡ
˫ڳϣϻƮĻ꣺ҿûôˣ请ôʦ㣬ҪһһʤʸμŻ䣬ЩʦҸߣǧѩʦ㣬붼¡
תͷһ㵱ȻʦΨһҲû˭ΪٵͶȥ
һü⻰ֵֹģѲΪûˣԼȥŻңٿԼˡ
ֵˣ㻹ǵϴβطǸ𣿡
ɷ硭һüͷ΢΢һ壬ϴع㳡£ʵôˣ
һֱ壬صʦ˵ǲطȽЩߵĵӣ϶ĳҵʱҪСӦǵʱҲˣǾֻܿĹʦֺǧѩʦˣĹʦԨϵ״ӣˡ
Ŷ
һԾȤֵҪСģʱǧҪϴˣϴεضģһŻν֮طסġ˪
Ŷ
һǾȤѵСʦԼôƲƲţʦãôʦ磬ĺ𣿡
ʦ㣬ʦ۸ʦܣ쾭塣
ʦá
ʦ㡣
һһҡͷһЦˣ˵㵱Ǵģ
ǰ룬ȥô˵أҲŵˣ֮һʱ˵
Ŷ
һҲټ׷ˣ˾£ƮĻ꣬һʦ˵ʮ죬ߣҲ֪ܲȥ桭
ɽô
ҲǸϳճճˣһ̣·һ˷ģ˼ӡ
Ƣ˲֪˯ˣʱҲ֪ȥą̫̃䣬ûʶĽһ˻ֱ꣬ĺɫ١
ڴˣ
һŮӵȻһؾѹʦ֪ʱģһæʦʦ
Ҳһˣվϳͷ衭ʦ塣
ǧѿ˿ɫȥɣʦġ
Ӹǡһ˿չȥһˣתͷһЦʦˣ
΢΢ͷΪβַվֻȥɣǵȥ壬ϲĶ࣬档
֪ˣ
һԾһЩ󣬵ϣ༸ĵҲˣһ峤ϴ£һǰֻڴһʵлƽݣ񣬳ϣȥɡ
Ƭ̣ڳϴ£ڵӵһ¥ǰ¥濴ʱƽƽ棬ȴһϷ˵伮Щǵҵ伮ЩǸֵؼһЩķ
Ŀܣڵһʱ֪ѡһ֪ʱܵһ˵ĽƺѲҳⷴĺ棬ϲ࣬ѵ֮߸ô
ϱߵһע⣬ˣһһԾȡϵһؼؼƺؼͬ澹һӡ򲻿
ףա
һԽǸе棬˿ˣ⿪ӡ֪ʱ䣬ؼϵ֣ҲһԺ꣬һλߵҲûע⡣
⡭ⱾΪڴˣ
ǳϺȻһһºؼתͷôˣ
ǳϿǻҳؼɫһ±Ȿ㲻ܴߣҡ


0042 ʶ

һЩͷԣòһĻûüأƳϴʱصɫҲֻòĵ˻ȥʵϣⱾؼʲô
ǳüͷԵʮأؼȫջطôﻹһѵǵԼʰʱˣ
ع뵽˴Щ̻̣꿴˿˵ʲ㿴ǰһӦҲǲסԾİЩ˵ⱾؼʺϵȥѰһɡ
Ŷ
һϴûȤˣҲֻȥѰңѰѰȥԺܻŸոǱؼ֪ģֻſһ£Щ־ͺӡԺһ
ʱһķȥˣҹʱŰǱֵؼؼᵽԪġĸ֣ȫԪΪƸ۵һΪڶʱͻʱһƺܷɣǳϽֵģѲŵĽأڵͻô
ӣһÿȥһعȣʱ壬ԼʦָķʱҴңһα£Ͼ֮࣬Ҳȥλɨ˵˵
ӣȻóɣΪףгֵԻ淨һǹĪ࿹һָ£ҲѧЩգʦͽʱҲڱ̨̲һ
һһóٵ֮࣬ʱдСӣˣͣ£
ǸһһͬСɣʦɴû˵л飬֪ԭǷ٣ٻҹ
һʱڱ峤󣬹¹µûʦֽ㣬˸ϹŻΪ飬ǸеȤԺȴҲвٻĳ뵽취ҵ٣ҹʤֳСӣ´ٸַݹ᲻
ۼٻˣһȴǸеȤÿÿַһȥˣҹʼƺҲһΨһѡ
СӣϹŻ飬ÿÿؽ֮䣬ˣҲ㲻£
ҹڵ˫ǰһģȴһɣįǷٻ꣬ѳ𣬿ȴ̫ˣٵÿһˣۿȥȻߡ
˵̫̣վȥԺκˣͽ˸У
˿̣ҹ˵ٵ˶ò֣һǵ£ȤˣЦʦȻѷٸˣҲŲأһأ㿴һ˵ţһ߽֮ǰѪ˳
˵ѪҲŹ֣ÿÿУѪĸоҹʱһЩµجΣʱμѪξ
ҹҲδѪһۣһߣֻصС

Ƽת۱ֹȥ
һƺɽϣһƮƺ֮ϣ֮Ǹ꣬һ²Ⱦ˳ǰһ߹٣˫һ㣬մ̻
ȻһˣʱǸСС꣬һȻһüӢͦˡ
Ъһ˫ְֹòŻһ˼̫֮飬ͨӦ޷ӡ
գһ˫ۣȻۣȴһƬ·ؿ˴˿̻ӿƺ·𿴼һǧɣ·𿴼һƬҶļϡ
ǡ
һȻһֻһɲǵķԺĻ˲ɢˣۣԼϵһƬҶګګЩţոաոԼʶ壡ôԼΪѾ
˵Ǭеһֻ롰Ľ׶αգôʶ塱еڶĹﵽ񡱵Ľ׶η޵á
һϲ⣬ˣڴﵽľˣȲ٣ҴҸȥϢʦ

΢΢ףԾ統һ䣬ޱϲǰһüλãǱ߳ͷˣ꣬ǳˡ
ʦҴﵽĽ׶ˣ
һ˳˵ţȴʼƽ޲ֻټԹ̡
ʱҪμŻ䣬Ǳ㲻˵ʲôˡ
һ˵ͷԵ쳣˷ܣһƽЩˣֵʦһºŻˣɽ
ôԼնһгǣ⺢ȴʼйҰȥһ죬ǣʱɴ
ʦôˣһʦȻùֵֹģɻʵ
ɽǰ

һ˵ͷԼԺȥˣһ·ȴЩ֣ոʦôˣǰδʧ
峿һɽ;ƺӿɢһ콣۽һŵȹŮŮƮƮӣǰԵóˣȻǧˡ
Ҳѳȥ˵Ů־һ裬ʵʦúιڴң
Ѻߵ˭ʦãʦ㡣˵ôòʦ͵͵ɽɣ
ޣ˵ûأһ濴˿ֻعͷɽȥʦ˵ġ
Ŷѵ˵ͷǰЦѽҲȥɽµС壬Һһɣ
һ𣿡
һüʱһиķһ֪Ź棬߷Ӳ˽»ϵѧÿǵ㵽ΪֹҶ˵
ֵһЩ꾲ͬʦһֹˮԳʼսǧѵʦÿѣв롣
ô԰ֿһЩһһԴЦ߰ɡ
ʱ˱ɽ£ʱֵ³ģȲɽƣɽȴҲΪġ
һ·ϣѼÿÿлȴֹЦʵôʲô²ҴŲ˵
ûûʲô
һЦЦ뽫Լ߶Էת뵽ԼŸոڣԷȴ˵Ѿﵽ顱ľ磬ֺȡЦԼ
ߡЦһոұ㿴ˣϢǰͬˣ˰ɣ
ԭʦͿˡ
һڨڨһЦȴ̲סһ̾ԼѵԼΪ磬һ۱㿴ˣΪ磬ЩԼȴʼղ͸
ҲΪʼոоԷǸ߸ϵӣԼ·ƽǸ۵ĵӡ
ȻͻˣΪֲ˵
ѺȻһЦ˵ǰȥˣһګګں棬汳Ӱһʱ侹֪˵ʲôˡ
㻹Ǳʲôߣ
ת˫ַڱȻһЦʮı껪ǻеŮһ㣬һŻع˫һ㣬Ʈ˹ȥ
棬ֻϪʹˮξףżмٴ߰ٻţҡҷĺãֻΪδ첻ˣһеЩ֣մ˰


0043 
ǰߣСĵط𣿡
ԶһŸߵʹķݺ￲һȥ˵ͷðʱ򣬴Ӧö沥Ŷԡ
ȥ
ӸֻҼһŴգһеЩԣ㲻óȥũҲΧԺྲǣһ˶ûУ
һԺ棬һ֯϶İһˣ
֨ѽһŴˣٴ˳˿ݵ꣬ϲˣּԱ߻иŮһʱſڡ

һЦȥŻعϲˣŮ˿ʵλǡ
ӯӯһЦʦ㣬ҽѣáһЦҡͷʦá
ãáϲԽæݣѹ
УæŶ˲ˮһڰϣѿȥԼҪģҼСɱˡ
ûءѺЦһȥ˲裬æЦòãѹЪǡ
һЦЦʵ˰ôôҶǲǶȥ˰
ԣɫҲԱЩ֪ΪΣոմӽʱ͸оӣƺЩֵֹģ
Ц˵һ渵ǰã̫Ǳ˸飬˵ǽħϸҲˡ
ԭˡ
֮һ˳˼Ѳǵ¶֪꣬ħٶǰħ߱߻Ŀຮ֮أŻڼħҲʱɾΪʲôⷲˡ
ѺȻʵǰ֪ЩħˣǶЩʲôˣ
һȥ˿ɫñƽ࣬ǸʮŮвеЩ֣ƺܹħӣʲôˣ
ЦЦ⡭֪
ô룬ʵǰ˵̫зᵽ֣
ǴӺδֵģ
һһԽ͸żɻˣתͷʦҵġ
ʦģ
ǴӺδֵģ
˱˴ţǺȻЩ΢ˣЦʲôˮˮ
ɻһЩһЦֵ㲻صģɽ£ƾЩħ˵ٴҲƲҿġ
⵹ǣ⵹ǡЦЦһȥɽбǣҪϵɽˡ
һЦЦûأ¸ҪȥŲμӱԣԲŻףˣô溽㣬𣿡
С΢΢üЦЦ㻹֪ɣСҽʲϴλʱҽӸˣﶼ˵ҽתȥ뿪˴ӣˡ
˰
һеЩʧ䣬ԺֳָǸڼСӣô˵߾أҲԼҲ֪ȥԼ곤һ꣬ѿжʮ껪˰ɣңһⲻ
ü΢ӣ֪룬ЦصģСϰЩ£µġ

һ΢΢˵ͷֱĺɫʱѻɽϣİ£ĵӶҪչұԣԾβμŻѡһˣҲֻһӣ£幮ΪҲûҹˡ
Уһһж׼׵󣬱ȥأһ·ҪμŻ䣬ΪţΪʦÿǰطɷһΣʦҲˣβʦʣ´λʮˡ
ط壬ֻ㳡Ӱζһ㳡׵صȥ˵棬ֻϷüºλϣطĳϣ·վˡ
˷ֱ请üϵĵǧѩѣȨԨϵĵĹƣϵĵ¥ɽĵҶΣ໹ĵ
ܹμŻ֮ˣ̳ӣ˿һУϵλʩһȴ룬طĳԼʱڸյʱ̣Ϊ˶Լôã
ǰν֮飬һô˿̼߽ˣ˴ȥŻѡѾ£߷һˣʦһδ请һˣˣһΪ˴ŻĺԵӡ
ԡ
һüͷһ壬ˣμŻ䣬ÿɵĵӶ˫һΪٶһԵӣʽ֮˳⣬ȫܣôʱ򣬺Եӱɵ̨Ŭ
Ĺ£ԵӼȫͬ裬ʱѾвɶԵˣÿζһԵӣȻСĽԵǫá
ΪʲôǺԵӣ
һϴǲΪŻ䣬Ǻ꣬Լҹ޿δһգڵãøʲӺҴҴԼǰ˵һ㶨ˣⲻСʦѵΪʦǵô
һԽԽŻҪϴҩһʦͣеν֮£Ҳض»ģ
˼һӣ˿ɫҲ𽥱䣬ã棬һиߣ
һʵôϻ˼ͱˣԼѧڻμŻ䣬뵽ʱðŵôԼһ룬꣬ȴͣĽ׶Σ䲻ȥμŻ䣡
һ仰˵ΪնһˣҲٵĬĬͷֲ˶ţȫڴﵽľ磬ֻһϵΨһӣﲻľ磬ȷʵЩˡ
˿̵̣һǿͷ֮ЦЦ壬û֪ǲѧ
һոˣⲻٵӶĪеһ䣬˶ײϣȻֱֻվָһָȥãܺãȻ̳ͽܣֱһģһ
һЦֹʦʲôˣ
ڲ϶ײϣһ漸λ϶еˣĵδ⵨̫ˣҲƽ߳ġ
ٺ٣ãõúܣɫͨ죬ߵĳϿȥûȻн࣬ʲô˶Խ
ˣһȻȥա
ʱһֱδпڵüϺȻ˵ˣϵһܺãֻʵϲһûûСӡ
һ˵ˣתĬĬȥſڣֻعͷյȷʵðϣϼסңһĵӣֻһԵӣǡһ˵꣬ɲһ˲ʧ˵⡣
ĵӾһֻеһ󾢷ι۶ûգһ£˱㲻ˣֻΪ


0044 
뿪غһҲ֪ȥģȥˣʦΪôͻһ·鸴ӣʹ³ģɽٺãҲͷ
̨֪ɽΡƣһ뵽þûȥɨϲˣδҲ֪ϲûԱչɲǱ߷ɶ˹ȥ
¸һɺȻΪǸе˵Σգ̫±ߡ
壬ҶҲɨϲһָеһʧ䣬ϲָƵĵطһ̾һȥԶȴһߵССͣιڴ˳̾
ϤһŵʧһûˣȥֻԶһƮȻЩһ̬˫ָգȴԵʮȻʿˡ

һȥæÿÿҲֻʦ͵͵ɽϲռϲиˡ
ƮƮǰ˫Ƿ󣬵ľˡ
ǰ
һ˵ص˵ͷոʱ˶ΪֻĽ׶أԼһϲȴһƳԼΪ
ȻǵȸˣȻҲƳΪѴﵽֻһ򲻴ҲȥƣԸո滹ΪֻΪ
۰룬ˣΪ̾
ôһʣһ˼Աһʯͷһ˫ֳ°͵㲻֪Ϊ˲μŻ䣬̿ĳϼǺҴǰײҰ˸
껺ҡҡͷΪһ֮ףǺһСޣˡ
ǡһ˵ʲôֹĬĬͷȥ˵Ą̊́ܺ¹սܺų̀ƴ
һ̾ҪŻȡʤˣǲŻʦ
˼ǣûڻȡʤǱ㲻ʦô˷ʵ
ҡ
һһʱʵôϻֱ̾ʱ뿪˵Ŀ£Ҳ֮ǰǰˡ
ص壬ֻĿһ˽ȥʦһˣ
ۣ߽ˣŵ±ߣֶײˡ
Ŷ
һͷ˹ȥʦûҽϵ£ʹͣϦദô꣬β˼ֻ°ɣΪʦһ¾

һȥ˫һƣıϣһŵȥļλ̫ʦλϲ㡣
ʦ
һ˫ü΢壬֪λ϶ϲԼҲ֪ǽʦصΪӣҲöײϣɽͷ˵ԼˣƫƫҪ˵ʦΡ
ˣļգ
һ̾Ҳٶ˵ʲôˣֱĺɫʱ֣ڵףüͽվ±߲
˿˫ü΢ӣз֮£ãˣüȴȥ̨ɽͽ˴αȨȥһɡ
ǣʦ
ü⹰˹֣΢΢ףֵ⣬Ǳ߽춯ƵħǰȥʱмǵģħˣԷ˶ڣͻйȥǱ̽ˡ
ףʦصġ
üٴι˹֡˵˵ͷɫһ±֣˴ȥţסΣ֮ǰ֮
ʱת۶ԶԪŵضٽٵ̨ɽλױȥǵǳȥԲѡóʯҪʱŵ
һ׼ϣǱʦʱع㳡һ߽ȴӰζΧһС˵ʲô
֪˭վһˣ˵ţ
˵ǰﱻ˳˵Ƿʲô£Ŵűϳ
⣬˭ðôͻȻţǹУر࡭
һź棬Ҳȥֻ㳡̨żλϣվһӰ˳һɫѣԼĪʮ꣬üӢͦǿʲֻüȴƲһį
֪ΪΣƽδ˿һįӣȴһһʵĸоԼҲһ־
߰ɣռλĲǵġ
ʱһŮӴӸ̨ӯһϼ请üϵĵߡ
߿ǰüӢͦӣƺĸȤЦ˵ģҪĻҲֻʦüϣ请ֻŮӣܲҪ请ɣ
Ŵһ请ʦʦöЦʱ۲תϡ

һ̾üʧ䣬΢΢һҾл˵գתȥ֣̾׺δʱΪµŻȴ֮
ӻȥӰ˫һգգ˺֣ԼȡЦΪ˵л
ӻ㳡ȥһʱһۣһҲ˾
˺һ㳡ŽָƽֻһϼӳüƮƮ˹㳡ϣһУƲһʯ
βμŻ请ǧѩѣȨĹƣ¥ɽҶΣһԺԵӵȥš
ˣмӴ˴Ҳüһȥ漸컹Щӻʱ⼸λһ
˶ʯü˫΢΢˸һʯһ̼ʧƲ
뿪ɽһ¸ֻɽѸˣһ̣кȻһĺʱгһܹȥ翴Ѿʵ
ֻΣǲпᣬǵ⽣ӰȷѪ꣬һδ֪
عһ뵽ǰǸֵӣʵʦ㣬֪˭𣿡
߱һʣҲع˼ŵǸ˵֣ŹֵģʲôȸţôŹֵ֡
ʲôȸһҲһͷԵӡ
ԶڶǱߣʹٶȣʯҲҪִܵڼʯܳУÿÿĺɫʱüⶼҪŵȥѰҳҹȻǵǰ˵Ķħɴһ·Сģȴһ·ǻãĹƺǧѩʼġ
ʱüڵ棬ǰ߲Զ͵̨ɽˣĺɫҹﲻɽԾǰߵЪϢһҹߡ
һ·ϣߺѶ쳣ãÿÿ˵ǰŶ˶к档
һŵϣԲľƽҡҷüȻһֻ֣ͣǰԶȻһΣӭ


0045 
ǽ黷ƣɱ˿֯ɣԼ͸һɺ̧εĺŮӣǰߣŮӿ·Ϣһ㣬֮ˣݼԹ
ԭڳµļҲͣ׷οȥ̧ŮӲŵ˵˫ͬʱͨҪô߷ҴҪôͣԱãýͨȥ
ۼ˫Ѿٽˣüһ̧ʾʮͣҲû̱õ˼˵ǰ˶һ·Ҫ֦ڣͬʱҲ˵˲֮лԷʲôˣãԵ޹ʡ
ǽҲͣǰһŮʲôˣιڴ˵סȥ·ÿ
ΪţҪһҲûʲô˲֮磬ֻǶԷ̬ʵ˲ϲοڳĶĵӣĸûʱŵˣʲôˣ
Ϊࡱ֣ԷһЩŮһ䣺·㣬Ҳŵģÿ
㣡
ʢ⻰ԣǽкȻһɳƵ֮ˣ£ԡ
ǣš
ŮһߣĸŮӽ̧ԣöʮС
һЩ棬ʱ䣬ͷСʦ˿еŲ˵ֻ˵ʦ˼ǸʦӣǸӣ⻰ãԱʱ̲סǽ￴һۣȻδ壬㱻Աߵüʦһ£ʾЩߡ
ֱ߳ԶǧѩһۣѿǶӣСʵüʦ㣬㷽ſɿʲôˣ
üҡҡͷոմӶԷװҲƲʲôһɲǣȴܵǽһɲͬѰϢԲߵôҴҡ
ȥǰЪϢһɣٶȥ̨ɽ

ŻһһεʢᣬɽԻǰ룬ʹ뵱棬ֻҪΧҲÿʢ֮ʱΪʹһС򣬿ջҲסˡ
ҹϡһ˯žµ˺Ժֻ¹ξǽµˮر߾żˮɣ߱ǣ뵽ǰأʦʱ˯ҲԼһվˮرߡ
̾һ뵽ʦһϣƽЩȴʼջǺ󱲣ҲֻнڹŵλŻᾴʦλž˭

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ôˣôط˯
ʱȻᶯŮһתȥֻ¹£һѵŮ˹üʦ
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һתȥˮϲԣüССͣȴ³Ҳɵһֻ̾ʮǰŴһĻ
ʱգ޼ֻ֪еʦܽĿ˾ټӺ໹㵽֣֪˶֪¡

峿һ̨ɽȥˣ̨ɽ䲻ɽǰУȴҲͬСɣа˹ֱǡǬԪǹ𹬡ˮ繬׹󹬡
ÿһһλִƣΪ˹ϡڰ˹֮ϣλˣطˡɽˡˣǡʥ
Щ⣬ȻҲгפţƽʲô£һʱ䴫ѶԼɣ˾ʵǿһɣɵͬˡ
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һû߶ãŵӽǣ˹㳡ϣֻӰζ¸±ǻ䣬Ȼոɵ˼Ѿˣƽ壬ҲΨлʱ֡
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ѿԶһλɫ۵ߣȻЦӯӯ˹ȥתĿתþãطӦһţСѣ˭ˣ
мλ˹ϼϲЩӣ޺ۣСѾͷתۼѳˡ
ŲǶɣÿÿʼ֮ˣҪɵģʾ֪жԼȴֻȥţԵ糤˻ţ糤פŵĳϡ
ףԶطȡšǼɫЩÿΪûܽʾŮԼɣǻѵ˵ء
ϣΪĸɣšطȡšۡ
Ĵɸ䳤ԪŵžصĵλǽĴɷչ润ʢҲӣӲĴ֮飬СɣֻһȥĪҲӣ
˿̣˺ѵĵ㳡ˣ˶˹׷׾һС˵ʲôҲ뿴Ϊǰ޵ڶˡȵӡŮηʥ
ʱҲûʧһ˼УΨһӲͬǣûһ˲߽ĺ䡣
˿˶СۣһӲͽ˵ǰһӣ˵𣿡
ϻѣ˭ӵۣ
ô˵Ѻһģ
Ȼ᲻֪𣿡
Ⱥ۷׷ףüҲڵȥ˸̨ϣִʳϼ¼˴βѡֺʦжҪ¼
ĹƺҶμ˶ԼʦУѱԼʦʱǵ±һλ¼ִʳҲһ¡
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·Ⱥ۽ʢѾǹϱ߼λ˵һͷԱü˫üҲ˵ʱλִʳע⵽ʵǡ
źԵӣһ
ܵͣ·ֻԼû˵ʦкˣ±Ҳû˭ʲôλִʳҲֻ΢ؿһۣ㲻ٶˣдźһԱĬĬˡʦĸ֡
ȥ±ߣȺﻹੲݵţ·ѳĽ㣬ŻǣֻһԵӶѣûע⵽
һвɵÿЦԼûеʦУȻʱ۵Ŀ¾ԼˣˡҲðɡ
ʱӭһˣ˵һ㣬ߵȺϣԭֵܣͻȻ


0046 ͻ
ɷ硭
ߵĿҲһ±̼ǵǰطʱɷĿһеһҲû䡣
ˣǰʢ˵ǵɷ磬ҲǲطȽĵӣطȹΪŵӡ
ۼ̣ҹ΢ЦǰüһҾüʦ㣬þò
üҲ΢΢ͷʾ⣬Ȼֳղδ˵Ŀ˿ɷĿֱƳʵһ㣬â¶һϣһֻǵĿԺǰһĻ
㳡˶˹ԽԽ̣ȻҲ֪Ĵɣž⣬طЩǷչ죬һϸ֮ơ
٣զͻȻȫ˵ˣĪӢۼӢۣϧʣ
֮ʱ֪ĺȻðСòз磬Ǵ⣬Ǵܵһɷмƴڻˡ
Ȼðô˹ΧԻһЩȻɷȴɫģһЦ겻Ϊж£ֻһԵӡ
仰δӦΪﲢʶһȻһ仰ȴȫʶ
ϵĵӣҲˡ
һķ𣬷׷һ˹Ŀ¶ŵ񣺡ʲôǰյǸͽܣ
һ£㳡ը˹һ㣬ڳ֮޲ǧѲӵĵӣʮ־ˣѲʾ֮˶ۣ֮֮ͽһǹڹžǧѵһľţΪξôԵӣ
뵱ӺεȾ޾ףһ˵̨ĪУͽܣȴֻһԵӣδ⻬֮˵ȥ˭ţ
ȺþòƽϢɷһЦȥò֮˺ȻִڻҲҲ˵òԲԣشҲ
ֶҪ˵ʲôֻżϡϡβĺӣһӣӵͽӵͽܣ˭Ҳûй涨ӵӵͽҲҪ
㣡
ҹ漸ʦܵʱһŭҹȴһ죬ǰų˱һҾ΢Цǰ
ӴСֵϵң
һᣬһ̧ĶҹЦЦ̨º˲֪˲
ԭһ־ôˣ̨λ϶һۣҡͷЦһǳ˿̨ǬԪǰɽ㲻ˣȥգڴ˺
ӴԲԣ
˵ǬԪǰɽǰǰգǽգһŶۣǬԪɽλִʳϿû˵
ΧЦȻԭȴǱ˳¹硱Ĺ̨Ҫ۱磬û˱ù˶ܸ˵
˵ע⵽˹̨ϣһߣһѲ֪ʱȥˡ
ļգʽ֮Ҫ롰μһΪԵӣ¿Աһ徲̨֮ɽڣԷѰ֮ؿɱȣ˵ֻж̶գһطҲǴ档
հһһʦķ͹ǰЩаǰ˵һɵĹЩͬҲѪ˻аħ֮෴ȳ˳ӯ࣬ЩҲһֱǵõӦǰ£úȥ
ֻΨһ벻ͨǣʱҹ˾ķʱżͻȻһʹȻֳһЩֵ֣ԼԼ򣬵ÿÿѹȴҲǲЩ־ʲôˣ·һΣһΪԡ
ȻΪԴǧ䣬ΨĲ䡣ĿǰΨһܹ͵ġ
ĺɫĺϣһȥҪȥüٹձʽˣʽμӻ֮ӦҲӶˡ
ȥ棬δ߳һ߽ЩֻΧʮӰʮطȵķΣŮʦ请ʦ㣬طȵڴʲôͻ
һϢ˹ȥ˫˲֪˳ͻ˿ǽţִԽԽˣƵοŮӣȻҪԿģһȥ˵ùطʮ졣
ֻ请ʦȻɫ䳤û˵طȵĵǣΣԼӮˣ߱ǣǻȥ·ĪҪ̫㵱£һһϦ
طһЦʦòҪᣬȻʦвȹǣȥ·һ˵
㣡
ۼ请ʦ㽫ҪνԶȻطҲɣǽϵ̾λעУҪ֮
ʦܡ
ķȥ΢΢һ㶣û뵽⼸ûӰ˿̾Ȼ߳ǸոһУǶˣ뵽˴һ죬ͷһͣԼѧղƫƫÿλҪǿͷͽŶ
ǣҵ˭ԭǶӵΨһͽܰ
ΪףʮطȵӶЦһûЩˣֱߵߺλʦǰ߰ɡ
˶ȥ֪ΪΣԷʦܣ˴˿ȴԸСʦ֮ȥǲطȵͻ
Ȼȴֹ˽ŲδԷȴЦʲô˵ӵͨɿأǲ֪ǲͽǼʶһΣ
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ôңҵˣֻǸԵӰ
ƣһӶΪǵǰʦĶ£ȻһȴʹԷôߣֻЦҲѹ֣ôһεͽţϵıӣﻹֹˮء
Ŵһܸһ½Ҳ̲ס˸ܵõոһɲǴԱʦϴĺϢ
ôҪ֣
һȻͣʮʱΧִ߲˸ҡҡ棬ͬдûʲôɣ׶ݵĵزǺǱŸҪأοʱʦһˣʮ˵Ķ֣ҪԿġ
ʦ㣬λʦȥһԡ
һתӣһ̵񣬾ƶĺ˪һ㣬Ҳˡ


0047 ɱ⺮
ձΪ̣请ʦһ漴ȥ˲Զ
һԽԽˣŹʮ֮ͬӦ֮ͬ꣬෸Ѱ¡һ˲ңҲˣңڣ
ǰЦðӽ̳ͽܣٱ¡δ˵꣬弲ǰһ壬ָ繳ֱȡһȥ
һ¼緢죬顱һ죬˽һֻӵ󣬾һ˲סˣҲǰвһ֡
㡭
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ʦ֣
ʣʮ˽һȻûϵ˳ѸͣոǸûп巢˺£ʦ˱㵹˳ȥԶҲһԭΪѾľ磬ƺѰҪ
ϣ
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飡飡
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һȥӰص棬Ŀأ˪һȥӷűһƴؿѨδع˿̼ɱһʲô
һ䣬һŲϣһ֮أ·ͷˣʱ۵ĿŤͣ£ͣ¡䣡䣡
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һ䣬һ䣬תȥֻĸ˵֣Ϊ֮
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طóԽףĳ֮£˿ֻĿɱ¶ȥɣ
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Ȼ䣬ֻһָһһһꡱһɫɽһ±Ȼ޹⣬ҲˣŽϾѺۣ

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һĻֻɷڳŵӣλһŲһ
񣡡
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ʦ֡
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ۼͽǣ۵ʱѪ˿һݺݵȥһͣһɾֱƶȥʱʯɣ˹ǳֱӱ⾢Ʒ˳ȥ
һȴأȻ壬һһصҶʱ۳һӰߵХȥ¡һԲʮһ˽ԸеһֻǿҶӰߵɫһ𣬾˿ã
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0048 Ż
ۼ磬һܵסüŵþһһ˲˹ȥһһһƴߵ˰С
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ʮ˶ʱ˸žѹæȥˡ
ãԶ˻Сʲôü˫ü΢һһۣȻȥɡ

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üԽԽǸеϮѵʦõûɾһ𣿲СУ
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üͷ壬ƺѾ˻иԵӣüһԳĬԵĻϣһҪ̨Ҳ֪ΪΣ֮ĸо뵽һϵɱ
ڶ峿ǬԪһɽ˺㳡Ҳһ߸ߵĶ̨ܻŲκҲŪ١
ȺƬֻ̣ĵֱ˶̨ķĸ̨ϣǰ˹ġǬԪϡǳϡϡˮϡ
ȻмĹƵ˻ָյԪҲһս׼һ߲طҹΪ׵ͬս߰˫ձһ档
üһӰӣҲ֪ܵȥˡ
˿ڹ㳡һǧϣһе棬һҲˣֻӹ㳡̫ûȥѡ


0049 
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Զǽϣһе棬˵ľݣʦ˭һɲǣȻеŵɽ˽֮


0050 ʦ֮ϣ
ҹվԭһҲδָһݼĹնȥĹֽսתԪڽϣһһն˫ַ飬ȥ
Ҳ˵㷽Ĺ󣬱ȫʢʱڣҲֵܵסݡ
ҹУĹƣƽƽ̨˶ס˺ҲŮͶȥĽٷ磬ʹ񽣣ǲطȵĴʦ֣ĸŮӲĽ
ݣ
һ죬ĹĿ֮䣬䣬ĲţĶʦԨϡ
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̨˾ס˺ܹأȻ鴫˶Сֻ̣Ĺһɫ鲻ƤҲദˣҹվڶ棬ʹžݽԵࡣ
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Σŵļʦýǻʧɫʧ˳ףѷܿ⣡
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㳡˷㾲ټĹ㳡һ˵˶ګګԺﻹŷǾһĻǲطȵĴ֮ףǲطȵĸĴӡţվȻˡ
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ԵѾԽԽû壬ɶѲԵӣÿһĻ䣬ȻǻһԵӡ
˿̨˶ЩѲϣ䵽һԵϣ˵ˣǰյΨһӣ
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ȥԵһߣ֪ҹԼãȻ飬ԲŴôһȥʱҹֻ΢΢üδ
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ҹվȣ֪ӵʮر｣˫˸ָһݽʱ𣬻ϵһնȥ

һ죬ڰн棬·Ļɽһ㣬һһɣ·ȫܲס֮


0051 ʦ֮У
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̨һƬȻԿóҹ飬ľ磬ܶùģԶ߲üͷһ壬ȥһҹ꣡ʲôոΪβʤ׷˻ʦɽαض飡
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һֻ̣ųһƬâ˲佫һˣһɲǣ˽һһɿ缤ȥ̨ԶҲеһϣǡ
ŶԷҹҲݽʱײƣ顱һٴν棬һ˫һһ˻ȥҹȴҲ˳ȥ
طǼʱ˫üһ壬ҹĵԶ֮ϣᱻúˣ
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ҹվݵ֣ڲһ£һֻ̣һףʱֹױǣһ˲䣬֮Ʒһȥ

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0052 ʦ֮£

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0053 
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һһҹڳ˴ɽһѣԶһҲϤüǵ֮ǰüʦ˵ķ·Ҳҿû˼·
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0055 
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һŮӴһһǺߴȥȻֻ̳֣еһߵĽջС

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0056 
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ˣţոΪʲô㽫Ҿ֮Уҵһǿ࣬ʲô򰡣
ôʲô뱻Ƕ׷Ϳߣ
ŶŶ
һһͷˮĸȥҹĻᴹʱ˲ҵһεɽһ߽ɽСһƺߣһ֮ǰ˴ˣæȥû°ɣ
߿ң
һ˦֣Ըʯɽ˽ȥСжӣʮʹܡ
һЩ̣ǹʲٶˣֱҹĻȫʱŲϥڵ˹ָһЩһ㶴Ѩۣҽȥˣ㲻ýû
Ŷ
һ֣ҲԼˣӴԼϻأ
ߡ
һߣĶѨȥ˶Ѩ棬ϥ£üͷȴŵĵӣǿһħԪԼͻȻӦˡ
ԭ֮ǰħԪ̫Ƕˣ̫˵ǳܶ
峿ŴӶлӸǰʹˣһЦֵţû

˫ֱһ̬ӵģ˿Ҫȥ
ҡһ룬˵֮ǰҪȥ٣ʦɢˣڱҪȥǻϡ
Ȼ˳·߰ɡ
ŶŶԭҲȥǱ߰
һ濴ȥ¡ȴڷ˼žʲôüʦ˵Ǳħ٣ΪҲҪȥ٣ղطƺҪʲô
ʲô
ĿһȻ˼һع뱻ɣһʹӵ룬ǼλɽҰֲܻȥˡ
صģ˻ˣ߰ɡ
һȥһʲôˣΪЩ飬ŮƺȴһҲˣѵûиô
㻹
ŶŶˣ
һȥҲȥôˣ֮Ӧǻˣֻһ·ǰ٣϶ˣ޷˲ǬҲʩչˣҪߺþòܵ
һ·طЩ˿ɾ鷳ˣŵġɽţҲˣˣ֮СһЩǣȵ˶ʦǻϣ㲻ˡ
˱ɽҰҹһָЩԪһ·ƺЩηС
ʱٽˣ糿˵һȣֻлƽ羵ˣź㵽ﲻȥºߡ
Ŷ
һձűضҪȥ߻ϴһ£˵Ҿڶߵš
ߡһߣԶȥ߳Զֻعͷҳ͵һۣ˫ۣ˵
һڣ⻰һ㶣˵ģԼһѪյжûȥ͵һ˼ʲôĪ


0057 
ȥɽߣһϥ˹˽һʱҲŻ˸֣ôȥôûûŸոŵĻҲҳȥֻܼˡ
ֵ˽һʱ쵽ʱŲƴ߽һڻˣʵôȥôð
ȿȣ಻ôڵǣŵôһͲͷˣԽԽ˼ˣߣ
һһȻһͨĪĽѵǸеһͷˮˣſһۣˣɵŷˣߣ
ŶŶ
һæ˳ȥҹʱֵһɽҹʮ壬Բһڶڣ£ʦʱǷҲأ
ʱԼų棬ڳˣֺȻʦа溽㣬溽ȥˣҲ֪Ϧںδʱš
ô˼Сˣ
źȻ˻һ̧ͷŲأ롭ˡ
ߡ
һ£òŵͽϽ궼ͽôͽţ
ʦûұأֲֻǴò̫ԶѡһС
Ц˵Լ𣿡
һߵɲǣͽЦ̫񲣬Ц˿֪仰˼仰˼˵ڴ˶Ϊǣ͸һԼ뷨;Ǳ˴ˣȫȥ˼ġ
ҡͷһЦΪȻҲȥ˵Щ֮ˡ
ҹֽ˼֣һЩձһϮδȷʲôݣҲóͭգ˵ţˣҪ˯
ƺû£˳˼òŵ˯ɡ
Ŷ
һСһ䣬ֱЩֵֹˣҲȥˣͷ˯ȥ
ãŲתЦӣħˣ˽㣬СС˼ħ֣֮˱˽硭
ҹˡ
ֱ賿֮ʱȻһֻӰ˶ǰϸȴһӺһŮӡ
˼ææ붴У˸ƣǶע⵽һԺ˯İˣӡһʱһһ
һУ˷ŵϥ£ֵ٣ܾ
ߣһߣһ±Ůˣ
л
Ůʵ֪գգŮߵǡҸպӲʣ䵽Ƕ
طȡŮӺȻһ䣬һСС˼ð£ĵۣɱƽ˹ȣ
鲻ô
Ůһõ˵˼Сκʱ򶼲ҪС˼ɣǵݣǲҪκ֪ˣ
Ůӵ˵ͷǡºͿ
ʯº˯һȥʵ£ǡ
ŵĵӡ
ŵˡɱһѹҪȥ
ŮʱһۣǴ˺Ȼ֣Ǿ͵Ÿʬɣ
ǳµʧְĪա
ʶˣŮҡҡ֣˰ˣ߰ɣһŵӶѣᣬҪ
ǣ롣

峿һģģš˻ӦȥĴҲŵӰôǰһˣҲһԾˣ˻񣬰ˣպԵټ
ţһȥɽϪϴ˰˴붫ѾԶˣüʦͽʦӦ絽ˣԼЩȥǻϡ
λԪŵصĶȺɽ಻ϣʴ˵ضִ˵񣬶Ⱥɽһ޼ʵĶЩҲвʿѰɵ˵˴˵֮һʵЩ֮˶벻㸹޹
ʱһڽ˶ٵؽ磬ȥֻȺɽ࣬˯Ƭŵ֮ϡ
뵽ǰЩյλһЩ£Ԫŵأޱ޾Թ߽жʿͼԽŵأһҲδԸش󣬷ɣ죬ǲ׺һڡ
ĺɫʱһһƬɽ֮У˵ؾϵؾӳʪҶڵһ㣬չһգɽγһ㶾֮֮壬ֻҪյأҲ󰭡
һ·ãһҲδüǣҲûŵˣǿһЩɵˣֻȷЩǷطȽãʦ֮ǰóȻ鷳
ڴ֮ǰɵʦˣһȥ쿴طȵɱϣĲţһлСΪϡ
һ·һȥȫϢʩɲԲľΪڣĸЩɺ棬ЩߣüʦǣҲÿЩʲô
ҹĻᴹʱֻЩɴԼʮˣ͵ӪȺɽ֮գҹ޳ûòҪѡҹ·һҲԶ˼εɽЪϢȴûзɾ裬ʱ̶Ǳߵˣ˵Щʲô
һ·ںĸ죬һǰЩɿ̽ʲôĪǱħ֮͵ԭ
һ·ϣںҲģһ·Щɵ˿·Ҳ£ջƻ轵ʱʺӳ̼仯һߺһߡ
һʱһǲطˣĪ׷Լģסںһʯ棬ֻУСɵ˶׷кʦ֣ʦ֡

΢΢ףҿ˿̫λѣտɷҵļλʦֵܺ͵ǣ
˷׷ҡͷûп
˼һ׳ʵλ죬ɷû
Ȼҡͷɽйǽûѡ
ô
˼һһԶа룬ûģض׽Լ͹ŵġ
ʲôǱߣ
Ȼһȴһʱˣ
ݣ
һ͸顱һʯ˲䱻ķѣһӺ˳ææλʦң

ɵ˾ĿһСëͷ޶ǴðģһЦ˹ȥλʦѽŵһʦӡ
յǸͽܣ
˾һȻҲ˵ˣͽŻһˣֻһֱδˣû뵽ȻôСһëӡ
һЦ˹ȥһô˿ţܲɱڰɣȻüʦǻˣ˺ÿ


0058 Ž
ǡСѣһ𣿡һֳַİ˹ʵ
һûûУҸüʦɢˣλʦڣұһɡ
Ҳáۺ룬֮ɫطȵ˿ȥλʦ֣Ҳһ𣿡
׳һۣתͷ֮ǰҲʦɢˣˣұһͬɽɣ˴ҲиӦ
һ룬ץңôˣҾһֱǣҿô֡
ҹĻʱ˾͵Ӫһ̫Զڶʱǰɽʱ߰˸ȥͬʦֵܻˣʱм뿪ˡۼʣµԽԽ٣һеЩһٷɢ󣬲طǶƱػԼ֣ˡ
һ޹⣬ҹʱһҪȥΪɣ͵͵뿪ˣ뿪֮һ·չɲУŶ߷ҲԶƽɽǰ㣬ǰܡ
һ·Ҳ֪˶Զһд󴭣ʱķ˿Ƕ˶ʱӦ׷ԼҸطýǶ׷ٵϢˡ
ʱϺȻһӥХһһ̧ͷһֻ߿żֻӥ°ǲطѱӥר׷ٵã
ˡ
һһֱùˣѶù׷٣һƣһӣʱ˽ȥ˼һڸϢʹҹﲻôԡ
һк󣬵ǼֻӥˣһСܣȻûܶԶȻֻһӰǰǶɱȻǺ׳̫
ǡ
һˣаһԪ׳ƽ̫Ǹ
ңҲ֪ˡһһ˵ţһȥ׳һߣ㵱治˵
˱ˣ˵ʲô
һ޺޵˶һۣҲֻ۸۸ˣȻлʦǣǾ͸һˡ
׳˶һۣСûһ仰ģض֪ȥֻǲ˵֮ǰԼɱˡ
ɱ
һɲǣһָܵһ˿޵ıɱ˲ע⣬һ˲չɲˡ
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ݣ
ȻһնһʱܿҪ˦ˣ˲Ǭֻʩչˡ
ݣ
һնһЩնУֱŵûɢֺ޵ҧгݣϵ۸СٳЩʱǾϵ߲·ˣˣһҪȥǷͷֶѲݣ
ţƺھʹЩҲøˣȻǺ˻׷ᣬ֪˫֪ƽɢȥ¶£ԼռǰĹȡ
ʦܵȵȣ
̫ȻͣǰէȻֵĹȣǰй쳣
׳ҲӦˣּһĹȥСȥˣ׷Сһǡ
չ׷ȥһ׷Ҳǰʲôطˣ㼲ȥĹȽǰȻһ˶档
˵йŹ֣ʦСЩ
ܺȻһƬ̫ԽýСˣһǳţ»˼öˣ¶øСġ
Сǰȥˣ׷
׳һȥȻ裬׷ȥȻԽǰ׷һɺԽǳأģ˶ʧƬһ㣬ôҲܲȥˡ
һתͷ˻׷һҧǰܣǲҲʲôˣһһ룬һˣҲʮأһ̫ϧˡ
ŵʱǰˣԼһɼǿĽ֮·ھ棬˵
һ˸ǰлвǣô죬ĪҪңӣһҧǰȥ
ȻҲܵһɽ֮˴˶һۣǰΪνôأĪҪҵĶˣ⣡ȻæһĪҪǰˣǰнƣǣǲΪˣ
һ߶˵ĺҲǷǣɣʦͽТֻٱˣţһǽȥ
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һ죬ɽȶ·һ£̫˰ʱȥȻȴɽ·һɿֲ˻ȥ
ʦ̫һ½׳찴סˣ·Ԩȥһֱò૵±һƹ²ȥ
׳һǸոգСôȥˣ
֪̫ҡҡͷңûбĵطȥ

˵һԨڰнһţ䵽һŶܺһƬеˮӶﴫ
ʲôط
һ£뵽ոʱûˣʲôԼһ£Īǡ
뵽˴һ´óһöѪֻкǰʦ͸ԼģЩһֱߣĪǴԼһ£˵ܻȻ
Ӵ϶ϱߣ
뵽滹׷һæŶȥԽǰԽڲִָӻȡһöзâǿܹܡ
˹䲻ڸոǰֲһɺȴԽԽˣһԽԽǸеľܸоʲôµĶһ˿統ƽǰ㣬˫йĪ֣йĪ֡
˴Լʱ䣬ĺˣһһڵĶǰܹоóǴ洫ƺʲô
ڶǻƬ̣Ǿȥ˵õʲôԸϱء
˶УֻͷһڣˮתһС߽ЩԼоˮһΪӵ͸ʱȴֱһ֮裬ţֻˮȻһȦһȦģʲôҪ
һʶˣµˮأֻˮһˮ׸һ覣ȴˮܹ󽥽ˮ۳һɫĹŽ淺һ㵭׹⣬ˮת档
һЩˣ֪κɽȻǾǧɣΪѽˮɵģĪǻǧ򻯣͸һ˹ӵǺη
ֻˮˮӳ覵ϣԼֳ֣
ˮ


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һжʱɣѵξΪˮŽħǰѰ𣿿ΪòֹڴˣһˮŽȻҲڰħ˶ɣ
ֻŽǰˮתʱ𵭵׹⣬ʱֻûˮ̬ȷʵˮŽˡ
һ߽ЩȥǰѹŽȴһص˻뵽ɽнػԼҪȡãֻ²ס
ǼȻײܵ˵ˣָպŽôڤڤעѽʺʦòˣԼҲҪߡ
һʱһ۵ͷ󺹣޷Ž֣֪ȥãõķþˣŵʱڽȡ֣ȻϧǣѽʱΪòˡ
ˮȹŽԣɽһ㣬þãвһ
ǽŽˣһ˲亹ԼѽŪ࣬Сһ󣬲֮սǬ
˰ɣ֪ϼһﻹûڡ
һ濴˿ˣ˵عŽ֮Ϣɢȥˣƥﻳףϵĵӣһ˵֪ȹŽҲضв֮ǰᡣ
ûԭ·أǴӶƵĹһߣ˺󣬲չɲȥȻû߶Զ̫˾ڴ˵Ⱥһʱתȱܣ϶ԩ겻ɢ
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һǰһˣһȴǰǰɱɭȻˣֻ̫СѲˣǲΪ㣬ţ޹أҲˡ
ߡ
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̫СѲԨ±ߣδ˰ɣ
һƳ˶һۣʲôʱԼˣǻǸ꣬ûİɣ˵û°λʦÿɣҪȥʦˡ
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һһЦȻԼ⣬˵ûа±˯һͿЩʯͷʲôҲûţԼȥɡ
׳룬С쵰ѱˣҶ˼ȥҼЩʯͷҵʲôȴЦСҲҶѾӦˣĶˣҲǣ
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˵øһһЩûЦϲҪģǲһ˻ƭСǳԣ浱СƭôЦ˺ˣλʦ壬ҲƭˣûǣŶʲôҲûţ߿˵գ˲չɲԶȥˡ
٣СβأվסҪܣǱħˣΣյúܣ
׷ȥֻһҵǴ˵ġо֪ˮŽء
˫ɽ׷磬һɲʩչ˼£ʦԼṦȻûϼһ׷ʦɲ
׷Ȼʼһξ룬ֲҶõ⾪ɽ޺ˣ׷磬ɽأ˵ٸߣҲѣС쵰ɲרվߣɷҲ
һǰ߼Ҳе֫ƣɼ˻׷ᣬֲͣϼһһѽѣҪôλʦ壬ǲҪ׷ˣܲˡ
㻹ͣ£
Ҳѣһһܣһߴǲ׷Ҳͣ𣬲ˣܲˣҪȻЪɣ˭Ҳ
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˰һ䣬׷һʵһ޿ӣ쳤һֿ࣬ʼͷˡ
ܵĺɫ٣ǽƣˣһת˫֧ϥϣ˲ˣôȥҪǻöλʦɱ˸ʹ죬ҲˣǿЩְɡ
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Ƕ˵ƽһȥҡֵ˵ģǱȻҪԴҶûô
Сӡػܡ
˽һתͷһŷԶǧ¾ڣ·ˣﰥӴһˣ
Ȼ̫˱ƽ֮ʱȻɽȾҲһ£˶ЩˤڵأһȻһոһ˲䣬ӦʲôµĶ
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⣡Ϲޣ
̫һ¸ɫҰ׵˼㣬ٴȡһҩԷ£ⵤҩã֮ʣҲܲôˡ
𣡡
һһ۳˷صľʯľͨͨ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣһʱŵûɢæһʹܿצһɨȴҲһһ㣬˳ȥ
飡飡
촫̫ͺ׳Ҳ÷˳ȥЩһѪ˵Ǵ˿ָֻɲĹȫʢʱҲܲס޵һ
⣬Ǳޣ
ֻǾ޶ĿƵƣһѪ֮˵ʱңһҲŵڵأҲҶһˡ
𣡡
һǾ޺Ȼ˳˹һŵһѪθһ緭һҲˣԱۣʦͽТٱ
ݣ
ǧһ֮ʣһâ顱һ޶ϣ޵ʱشӴ嶸Ȼɽһȥ¡һʱҵؼ̳
ǵâתŷ˻һ֧һƮƮŮ


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һ˵Ŀ⣬һ´ӵվ޺޵ʦǡ˴һֹסˣ벻˵⼸˵˱ضѹҲ˵ʱ򻹷ҧԼһڣʦԼҲɣѲǵ֪꣬аʦʹħˣŵݲʱҪʦ֪Ϊ
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һһЦЦûҺüʦɢˣ⼸նطȵĶλʦչˣȻҾͱЩħ˴ɱˣ

΢΢ףط˿ȥлλʦ⼸չͽˡ
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æЦһ̫ЦȻʦͽѻ棬ҺʦҲˣ뾡ʦǻϣٻᡣ˵գҴȥˣֻž뿪˵أһߣһָܽǻҷ
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һȥķϼһͷҳʰǣЦֵûаλʦ壬ƭǳء

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ֶ顣ּһ࣬ȥǰϪϴһ£Ժȥ㼸λʦ

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ԭǿǰһֱأֲòϽ书ԭǰİ
Щ꣬Ϊʦ͵͵ɽΪΪʦ˿֪𡣡
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ʦ֡΢΢˵ͷϣ˿ﲢˣʶǼʦ֮䣬ԾԴǰĳƺ
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ꡭüʱ˸ƣǰ˼л˵ȥǰ߰ɡ

ǰȥһž֮أſʵ٣Ϊʲô
ԭ˲δ顱һ£֮Ը٣ΪŻգӦһΣּϺһüɢü㴫ȥһѶյϢ󣬱ٸˡ
Ȼ֮һ·ŷԤ룬ħ۶٣Ѱ
˿̣˫ü΢ʦڡ顱һ£ħĴ٣µγԤϣҲò¸ˣ˵ʵ֮ǰʦߣΪˡ顯
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ԶҹĻһƬȺɽȥɽɽǶȺɽΣյɽķɽҲǶߵһɽ
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صֻһѻߣһ˵ʲô뼸λʦһ𣬻Ϊʦһ𡣡
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üҲ˼˼ʦãһȥĻһ죺صģǾȥ֧ԮǱߡ
ðɡ
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0061 ħ
ҹʦͽһƬƵɽ֮УɽɽٵߣΪվɽ˵Ȼɽߣȴʮϡʶ׵ɽ֮ˣȻΪҲȥ
ʦʦЪ߰ɣˡ
һǸ߲ɽ壬˵ȻɽҲߣɽƣԻɻۣɽȴԽԽϡʶֻԪά
˵ħ˵ټǷҲţһֵħôƻǲǹʦɣ˵Ǹʦȴȥط
Ƭ̺Ъƽˣŵ˵Щ쳣ȻΪʦɢ
һ˵ͷЦʦЩħ˼ʦܵûӰˡ
߰ɡ
ʦͽٴ̣ʱŵɽ˴ɽߵգмƬƬƵаĺ˪ͱҲŰѩһϰĹºԵòˣֻ˵Ĺ죬һҲûУѵɵҲû
С̽ţȻһϢһûʱĲ˭
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һԶδܾ쵽ոǵһûĹϢУһɫһ±üλڴ˴ĳβһ
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ƲȻһĵŮЦһʱηˣ
Ӵ컹˸С
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һ˵ħа죬ʱȿֲħɷ֮ǸеһľֽһӿĺƵɡ
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ǸµĿӣйӰףǰƸĸڰƸĸһأ˼Ŀ
ǸŮӣڵ˳ħ污
˾ǵ֮ħ쵱ħһۣҲʩԪʧء
˺ȻͬʱɽȻıЦӣ֪ɽлƫɽУֻͬ꣬׷뼫֮ء
ȻﲢûʲôһȫĸħΪ˶Ըµľ֣ʱѿЩħԵ޹ʳڶ٣˿ֻ䵭δܳȥǣá

аͷһЦһ㻹Ǻ͵һԸô㵽Ϊ֣ɷʧһЩ
䣬ֻ˷ƷӿƲ֮ϣȻһƬӰΪ׵ǼħڵĳϣߵȻȫħ֡
ǲҲӣ
аȻ˵һնۣ˰׹֣ȴʱʱ̼̿У޷Ĩȥ
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䣬һһķХԱһЩħѷǵɱȣЩ˲ħˣһʦĳˣԼҪʦˮһսˡ
㿴ϸˣΪʦձ㽫｣Ķʮؽ̸㡣
˵ţһָ棬һâ²ӰɭɭһЦ㻹ĿˣҲգϣ
һ£˷ħֲӿʱ䣬ɽ𵴲ݣѩɽ䣬Ϊ˲ʩչʮر｣ĺʮأֻ콣ݺᣬֱƽһ㼤ȥЩħˣһ
һԱ߿ۻңԭʦĽôħͬʱȴĽҲƲ
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һ⻰ʱһŭָȥŮҪԣ
һЦ˫ֲҡȻȴһŮӵĽ֮
һһ֮治һֵ٣ʱ࣬ͬʱֻ滹ƮһŮ绨ѩµĳһֱ¶ŮӣЩ棬һѪ嶥·ҪϢˡ
ôҡ壬ȴ˿Ӱ죬ۼħЧתȴһİˣһЦ㽫׼ȥ
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ЦͽܲסҪӴ˶а޷԰𣿡
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˱˴˶һۣԵ˵ͷ漴һˣ˫ֲסӡҲɲǼ䣬춯صԲʮֻ̳ɽ嶼Χ£һ˲γһǿķӡ


0062 ɱ
һݣҪ󷨣ȻվһӡγɣɽˣȻĸħͷƺõġ
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аͷЦҲԽӺˣңҡȣЦͨʹֶΣ֮
ҲЦ֪ǰȴҪԸ޴֮أõڴ˲֣õλǰѾϰɱ𣿡

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⹦ġﻻơκ任λãΪȾ磬ҪɽҲǲܣֻҪΧɽλķɱȻơ
죡
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һĻһܽ£Ѫ˿ʦСʵʦ˵𣿡
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һﲻһԭЩ˲ҪԸʦһʦµĹһ̣ʶʦȥֻʦϾֹˮû˿
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ЩħԽԽһ̼һХʱâЩħնȥȻ֣վֻĵУһ¶ԸôħͷųħȣЩħȷǵնɱϮȥ
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һ죬ѪɽһּһֻħץѪڣɽתһ½ħȵͷˣȻΧħȴԽԽˣʱ̹һڳˣʮֻħͨͨնС
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һԪģЩɫҲЩ԰ףЩħ糱ˮһӿɱ֮ķɱѪѾʴԽԽˡȻĹһҹһҪֿħһ߻ҪԸħʹΪٸߣҲԽԵó
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һ˫ĿԲ˵ʱһֻħնˣ쿩һЦΧʥʦʱҲδؼжʹթʦᡭǡ

һ˵ʲôȻȥϸΪʦһҹѾƽ֮ԺҴһӡ϶ΪʦȥȥҼλʦ
һһɵʦ֮⣬ʦȫƽ󣬱ȻԼһˣ޷ȫƿֻܻԼ뿪ʦ˵ʲôԼȥҼλʦʵҪԼȥ
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˲˹ȥһ°ϣһֻħɣǲÿΪʦĻ㶼
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һĻĸħͷҲһ룬СӽȽˣؽǵͷŴУվ㲻ܳȥҲαȥСӣ
˶һۣȻһҲӿͬʱдħһ˲䣬ɱ죬Ѫʱмʦͽȥ

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ĸħͷҲǶȻһǡһŵı⣡ν⣬ıн⿪ԪԪ֮˴һĴ۱ǺľһΪֻأͬھ
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һ˲˹ȥֽסѪ壬ָһȡѪ񣬽ɢؼԪ񣬷Ѫ֮С
ĴħͷδʱϷһƲʱֱӿȥһǿϢ˹˲Ϣ
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ĸħͷȻһһֻ̣âһնħ˸֮ҲûУǽһ˲
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Ҳ˲ô࣬һµ˱ȥˡ

˼ʱűѪȾɽϲɵһּû˺ɫ΢΢һ䣺
⣬ոձˡ
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֣Ҳɫһ䣬̧ͷţ
λ϶Ǳ˴Ԫ壬Ԫ룬лоȣɱȴѾȣѪסԪֻ´ʱֻأҲزˡ
ã໹ŵȷʵЩ֪ʱҲΪʦã˵˾ٲǣɼĬȥ
˫ü壬±߼Ҳ˵ãŵʦ㣬ɡ
±߼üͷøˣһ޾ȣΨʦֵġȴɳʹԪλ˾ȴΥȻ޵֮˵һɿ̽óȻ򣬿ֻǴ
ϺΪɣǼħǴʦ־ڴʱκ⣬̫գһвҲǲ֪ʦ־ѡڴʱΪһӣա
˵֪üº໹涼ģ˿ֻԨϺͲȥԨʦ֣ʦܣΪأ
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ʦܣ
ɫȻһ±üˣϼ״ټ˵ȥ˳Ĭã˲̾Ȼȥɣǡ

ɽ⼸պȻ˴꣬һ±ҹǰһҲδ뿪ѱˮʪ͸
֨ѽһڴˣ˻ӵ˳ڵǰվգһҲδ뿪̾δȥ
ʦ
ᶯ˶Щ԰׵촽һ̵·ϣֻص˴ǰͽܣֻǴǰҲôĻ˼λʦ嶥ײ
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ջǿ˿ڣԶһ۹ƣ̾ȥɣգһʩչ


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΢΢ͷȥǣ֮ɡ
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༸λҲüĪΪһ˿չҲá
˻˵תȥ໹濴ʧڵӰ֪ΪΣһܾ鲻ôļ򵥣תѾʧʦΪһղų

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̧ͷؿѰѽģһ֮ǰǸ˵ȥٵʱҵһŶպѰѽ
Ŷ죬תȥҲҪ
һ߸˽£ȴ˵ҪѽʺʵΪʲô
תΪʲôҪôá
ôһʣһЩסˣΪʲôҪôãǰΪʲôʦҲԼϵܺãδĻݺʦ㣬ΪʲôԼ뵽ģȴֻء
㲻Ҫô
죬תͷĬĬѰ·һ˭ҪˣǼ̨ϣһֵıУҲᱻɷ˪Ƶòˡ
ġֻ𣿡
ת˻һ̵Щӡ
һˮһͣȻˣʦãʦһΣҲҪˡ
һЦǣллʦ
Ӱ޺ۣҴ꣬ɽܶչһδһ񶼽Ԩ⼸λϴ
һ겻֪ΪΣΪʮѸ٣ĹȻĹƵ֮£ּϵŻȡõһڵν룬Ϊŵ֮ӣҲյͯˣҲ֪иͽһ
ԴӾǴ֮ٺȷʵ仯ǰǰˣҲٶײˡ
֮⣬ѵĹϵҲԽԽˣʱһϵĽɲҲչʾЩ˻ˮŽһסˮȴȱһʽˮܷӳ
磬ˮϪǰҪǰˮһȴƼϷС֣ѡһ
һ£һ˶סˣʦΪҪԼֿڽϣòŻعŽϷС֣ʦáʲôʱȥģ
һЦÿ𣿡
һûشʵ㣬ΪʲôҪǵֿȥأ㲻±ʦǿ𣿡
Ц룬ԺҵɽˣҲҪ˽ʦ֮顣
һüͷһ壬⻰˵ùŹֵģѲɽһ˵ɽ磬Һʦϲȥ
ȻһЦǿôˮһʽ

ļգһǻл㱵ģԺ·ʱ޿̶ʦõӰЦݣôҲ޷רˣҹҲǷȥ˯ţÿÿһۣ·˴ߡ
ôô
һбңһַȥ˯ţԺʦõһһЦһΣڱ̨̲£˿ĬĬ˯šȻ䣬˸ѲɡʦϲԼ
һͷԽԽ죬ԽԽƽϢΪʲôʦϲԼȴֲ˵أ
ԣ
һҡҡͷ£һŮô˼ڣȻԼȿڰ
磬ȥˮϪһ·ϣѼʼĲɣüʵʦ磬ô˰

һŻعʱȻĲɣü΢ι㵽ôոǼʽȫ˶֪𣿡
һŬʹƽˣ쵽ôȫˣãŵʦáңм㡣


0065 
ʲô°
գһ˫ۿһãǹʦã㡭ϲ𣿡

ػѲ֪ԭأ˺þòŻͷңҡϲʦϲʦһϲʦɽ棬ǡǲϲ
һҲԭأһ̣·ˮϪЩˮȫϣ̧ͷһɲǸպÿ·ͷȥʦʦ硭ԣԲ
ûûأ
һȻƴЦ˵ľϲϲոڼʽ

ļ죬֪ѣڶûټˡ
ЩգҲл㱵ģտյģǶʧʲôܣȥ໹Ⱦƣ߻˲پߡ
ԭʦãϲҡ
һ磬һֺȵģ̳ӾƣҡҡλˮϪǱȥˣˮˮӰ·ֿʦڴ˱ȽЩЦ˿̶һĽһնϡ
ԭϲһˣԷȴϲʱôܰ
һˮеӰճյЦˣԭһĴϲ𡭡
ˮһʽ

һĿ̳࣬һˡһ̳ˤϪУһ䣬ӵϼһ֦ҡҡλε𽣷
ʱ죬˪һδ˿ֻˮϪеˮҲһ¼ǧˣˮϪˮ֮ߣһĻ˿ˣǺεȾˣ
¡
һ֦ΪһϪնȥϪˮʱɽɸߡ
򣬳޺ο
һնϪˮǼݡ
ΨУ䡭
ˮ飡
һնˮϪʱǴм䱻նˣϪˮֱǧߡ
þòɢϪˮһǡ
ֻճյЦЦԭעˮһʽˮ鰡˵һ䣬е֦䣬ҲԪȥ
罥ϵϪˮ֪˶ãһƮƮŮӣᱧȥˡ
ദʮ꣬СʱôСһ쿴ܲ˼Ϲº䣬һʦֽҲûУΨÿÿʱһã顣
峿һУʱ֪ʦԼģ뵽ԼˮϪߣбʦԼԼЩȴʦһԼʧ˰ɡ
УȥʦǸ
ȥ·ϣһ·죬һһ·Ҳ泩࣬ԼΪ۷壬Ҳϲȥ飬ֻһһȴ֮ԼŶŮ鳤أ
˳жأõ𣬷ŵ£
ȥֻʦϥĿһᲽ˽ȥŲˡ
ʦ
һ˹ȥΪʦ£а˸˰ɡ
һ˵ͷֵԵӽǰʦ׼ʣõӴ˴ɽ
Ҳá
΢΢ףȥһ飬һѰͻķҲãһ;Уһѵ㣬޷Ƴİ޷޵ʱ飬Ե
ڣеӴﵽ۷壬򶼿Լʦȡͬ⣬ȻɽĺѰͻ֮һͻ֮ΨпԼʦ޷ָġ
ֵȥط壬Ȼɽɡ
ллʦ
峿һطȥˣŵĵӣͷ볣ȥط壬ȥˣȥطӡ
ط壬統һ㣬ֻӼҲСˣΪΪ̶̼Ѿ֮ϣǸν֮Ҳڶѡ
ʦˣʦãþò
ֻȺ棬һƮƮ˹һ񽻻һɲǣֻһ˲䣬һ棬ֱʲôһ¡
ǰ㣬Ͻȥ˲֪ߵ߹ĵط
㡭
ͬʱ̧ͷͬʱڣͬʱͷȥʦ˵ɡ
һ˿Цôо⼸ڶأ
Сü㲻ңߣ
ƼʱģһǱݺݵĴţ·ָᣬ˵˷£
ʦãѾˮһʽˡ
Ŷ
һٲǰֻйżʺ磬ÿˣһһʽԭˮ飬ˮ飬뵽ˡ
һ˵ȴԭأòŻعҡҡͷҲһʽ
ǣһʽ
һʰϵһؿ֦ʦãˡ˵գһʽˮ顱ʹ˳
òŽɢȥһתʦã𣿡
ˡګګص˵ͷ

һһЦ˹Ҹʦ˵ˣұɽѰͻ֮󣬿ܺˡ
ʦ硭
һ̣л˵ڣֻܿתȥıӰ߳Զһ΢΢תͷʦãذ˵꣬ɲһչʧߵϼ
ʦ硭
ֻ绺ѵ˫Ҳƽ紵ˣʱһʱ˸һ˲ޱ޾ĺڰԨתһ̣Ͼ¶˴δйĿ־壺ʲʲôˣ


0066 ƽ֮Լ
һ죬ʲôҲûУòŻָһȥһǺþá
峿һʰһУҲϣɽ£꣬һΣҲ֪ʱ˰꣬ʱȻЩᡣ
ûпʦһһۣɽɽȥˡ
һ·ֻƺӿϴɽʱȴû˭סȥ·ˡ
һ·Ǹ֮ʱϴκʦһɽ֣һж
һΣҪȥԶĵطԱȻ忴˰Ȼһ·򱱣ǱȥΪ¿Ϥľɾֻһȥţһ·ʦõĻЦÿÿֻͽ˸С
ĩ΢һ·򱱣ʹԽԽԶȴ֪Ҫȥģһ·֮ܲͬԸоǴʦһȥ
ҡҡͷһȥ룬һ뵽ǰЩ뿪壬Ҳ֪ںδ֪ܷ
ڣһСɡСС򲻴󣬵ȴĺʱڣȻϱߴҡҷҶ޾紺֮һ㡣
ʯ·ǹɫһ·죬Ƣһϣ֪ΪΣ˵أȴоʱ·һĺ׷ףһ˳ɡС
٣λӺ͹ҪҪΣ
һ֮ʣһߺȣԭ·һλ̯εϲֻһŮӺһ˹ȥϲЦλòɣλӵ֮ϣһΪͬ塯빫Ӵϴ񣬱ͬģͷϡ
񣬺ƯŮ񣬷·𰮲֣ԱЦϲӣˡ
һʱЦЦһĻΪҲôϤ·ʱо

ʱĺɫ棬ĿȻһһ·üȴʼһ㵭⣬죬֪Ҫȥδ
ŵɽ㡣һʦ֮¡ǡҲ֮أħ
㣬ȥѰԼͻ֮˵оͻƣԵҩȻͬҩһô˸һöҩͻΪ磬Ҳ£ûκΣΪûʦ֮ûͷ˵һͽȴ͵ҩ
Ȼ˵ҩ֮ͻƾ磬ҲһЩĵرܹͬͻΪЩĵر಻κλãֻСҩ׵ã챦һ˵˵ЩĵرѰ٣޻Ե컯Ҳǿ󲻵õġ
ĺɫʱһһջǿջ㣬֪ιʣƽһСʱվֵֹˣССջҲ켷ˡ
һҪ˸λãЩ˵ʲôֻһ˵˵ӵĴͽһҪƽɽ߹չ˵ӦԼȥô
ŴһջһЩһڲˮǺԼʲôʱ˵Ҫʲô߹ˣʱ뵽ض˼ðԼ²ɫô¡
ֻϷλһ׺ӣһھƣҿǲȥˣ˱Ͼˣ߹Ѿã˵߸һҲӦȻŻͷʢȥԼ֮أ
һջʱ˵ͷͣƺȷλŵһȴҡҡͷҲδؼãӵͨһѽųˬԼһ񲻸ʦ֮𣿡
ҲвͬߵĿʱλһڴµСҲڵҲҲ󲻾֪ôʱȺƽɽһǲ˵ù
ȥġ
Īһ֮ʱֻ¥һ΢ӣӽüĿӢֻǴ˿΢ӣټߵһȦʹȥЩį
һһЩ죬ˣǰȥŻʱǸŵӣ˵Ǽǰŵˣ꣬ȥࡣ
¥ݣҲһЦλ̨ҿô
롣
һ̧̧֣΢΢һЦ̨Ǳߵңϼ̳þơ˵꣬عͷ΢ЦǺļǵ𡣡
ʶ΢΢ЦЦֵ¹˼ȴ̨֪γƺһЦ޳˼ȴ֣롣
롣
ƱյһЦ˰£ʣ룬˼ȴֽճ꣬һʡ
ǧѻһ֪޳ֵܣپһ
롣
һ˼̳ƣһʵЩʤԱɨصĻƿˣһЦб˹˼ȴһۣ˾һƭƺȵģ˼첻ߣ˭ֵܣһʣǸɵСӣ⽭ʲô˶УŰѽ˵ԼǴġ
һЦ˼ȴ˵һḰƽɽ֮Լ֪˼ȴֺ˿϶
˼ȴһھƣȵŷףڵڵӣ꣬ȴС߹еĸ֡
ŴһջȻڽڱǱȵǰŻᵽ˰֮һкĴ֮ơ
ڵڵӲŵݱ΢źȴڣԼһأԴĳڵڵڵݸߡ
벻ͨǣĴλΪĴɶ˼ǧ꣬һСɺȻٶʵ˾棬ͽĴɸҪ̣˶ڡ
˿̣һҲžƱ˼ڣȻǵϴŻ䣬ȴһˣǰ֮£ܸоƺܣݲطâʣĴ档
ðԼҪڵڵӾô£бҪҪȥƽɽ˭ðʦ
ҹĻ£ڿջסˣ峿Ź˼ȴҲҪȥƽɽñ½һ
ƽɽԶڱ򣬼֮ǰ·ҪȥƽɽٿҲҪʱ䣬ԪŵعͼϱУΪԪÿһ򣬶ԼĹأʹҲ׸Ԥɣȥ˱ȴδ衣
ȻԪŵ󣬻ԶֹֻطԽΪҲǵ۴֮ķԴأٻԶһЩĵطħ̾ᣬһ㲻㡣
һ˼ȴѾƽɽ˴ɽɽһվԱȽϿƽ̹ɽ´磬ȴǼ亮䡣
ճʱɽͷܶȥӰ飬ССŸɣǲʳţǽе⽣ӰִɣѾˣ뿴ǴӵΨһͽܣͷʢ˾ηʥûʶ߹
޳֣㿴Ǳߡ
˼ȴָָԶʯֻǾʯ߸ˣ߰ݸһ£õıҲ廨ι״ɷϵǣ֮ˣϢȴʮȣк书Ҳ͵ȥ
һĿ⣬ǾǱ߹ҲãȻ㿴˭ðԼʲô
һʱȥˣɽ˸Ȼȴʼղһɽ߹ʼձĿھʯϣһҲһ¡
ֹ˰ʱʱѽ磬ȻɽͷֻŸɵˣȴһ˲׷
ǰһԽ߹ڴ˾ڿˣҲ
˵һʢòǳһʱڿ죬ȴ˰ɣ
ˣųˣȴֶˣǱô
һʱ䣬Ⱥ･۵Щˣɵˣȵıһ߹ųȥˣҪǲĻǰѱŸɵˣת˵ɨأ˸ŸɵˣԺҲúùˣԶ
Ӱƣǹ磬ȻƽɽȴԲһӰӣ˵ȵòͷˣֻһ״ƿ˳ģĳСӷˣۣǧ׵˴죡
СҲδ̫ĿˣΪе㱾£ͿΪΪô
ȷʵһҲδ̫ҵȷˣ
һʱ䣬ɽȺʶۼҪʧˣһüͷȻ䣬һ뵽ʲôûðԼ˷ųٵϢԼȻٽ˿̵ˣԼ߹һս
뵽˴һüͷøˣ˭֣ĿΪΣۼʧأ˵Ҳ˵ˣУԼµóȥӦսЩѾʦͷˣԼڳսҲÿܷǱ˸
㲽ǰһ̤ʱԶȻʵЦλǸĳ˽ճƬ̣¼¡


0067 
˿ƽɽޱȣԶÿһֶ֮ɼ߹񣬾ܹͨ쵽
˽һԭֵȺһ°ˣ˶ķȥֻƲֱӿȥмһ̹ùâˣſһǿ
һ̣һɫҲֻ˼ԼһģһȵɽҲʦġȥ·ûκβ𣬵Ȼܹһ¸ӦѽǼٵģǰʦߴɣֻǺη߽Լ棬һһ壿
ٿǰˣüӢͦξ£Լ̫ˣֻƺƫСһЩǰԼ
޳֣ˡƺ㳤Щ񰡣
ʱ˼ȴҲĿתؿԶǸһ
һƺȷʵҳмơ
һЦЦ֮ǰԼװͷʽȻĻ˴˿̿ȥһģһˡ
ڣȷ˻Լģ仯ģ仯ֻ۷ȻɿٽԼһ˵ģı仯֮ҲױʶƣֻҪֳһԸ֮ˣô仯֮ʱ
ڳĲһЩиǰޣ˿ȴ˿˱仯֮ô˵˲δʩչ仯֮һż߳
˵ǳ뻯ԱúԼ࣡
ֻǼһɽЦºͣķ߱˱֣ĳ٣λõˣʵڹⲻȥ
޷޷С˱ǡ
ŻԴǷ߷ߵˣʱúɫܸոЩŭڼȻѾˣ㲻ˣǣοԷӵͽܣôҲǵøЩӣ߶ԷʱΪʲôҪ̬ȲѺأ
Զһ˴ҲԷһЩôûжȥ񣬲ȻͷҲϴ壬ȻˣǱ㿴˾ڸʲô򲻵ʱվ𴩡
ֻǼһ棬ߵʯǰȭЦλǰ֮ţλǰһλǰߴͽ̡
һ˵òȲԵưҲԵ̫ǫԶмĬĬͷ룬ͽܣȷ֮硣
ʱʯŵ߸˲۾Ϊ׵һ°ߵͽ̲ңСѽռȻԼǰô֪СҪս˵һ
һЦЦţλǰ̡
һ˾һЩʢ߹ΪֻʤһҲˣȻҪս߸
ǰǹž޲ֻ΢΢˵ͷֵǲ֪СѽգҪս˵еһ
һȻ΢Цţͬʱλǰ̡
仰һ˵ǾɷˣԭΪҪս߹֮׵ߣû뵽ҪսȫڸҪͬʱսˣ˵ȥδҲ̫ˣ
ǳţ»Ҳ˵߹ΪͣͬʱֵĻǿɲǼ򵥵һ֮߱ѡ
Ⱥʱ۲ֹеӣƺҲǺڴаʤ˵Щ˰
ԶһҲڰ˼˵ʲôʱгӣ棬ʤù߹ʵαҪٰԼأѲɻרԼˣ«﾿ʲôҩپ۲һ
߹ҪͬʱսԼˣһȫӾʯԾ£Եùž޲ʵȴѰڳ󷨣ߵ˸롱֣һչ˹ȥ
һÿ磬˻δ壬һһһ̵û뵽һ˲㿴Լ󷨵ڣ¼æһƮȥֱ棬˵š
Զ˷׷׵ͷȻĵӣӢ۳꣬ǵ֮죬ӦѸͣһ߹㲻ѹˡ

ֻһн˿ĿѣǼһ죬֮׽͸ϵĽҲʹó뻯㱻ΧһҲԵ·硣
ӵɲͱ｣𣿹ȻЩŵ
Զ޲ڣȻûӣһʱ䣬˶¶֮ɫ
һҲھţ˵˭ǵԼ֮£ʦɲͱ｣ҲѧģЩûʦ淨ȫȻֱ治

촫ֻǼһԲʮڳһнֱ֮ģԽԽأ˾ЩС

һȻֻһش˳ȴ߹桰ı괸û뵽ˣ˽һ˳бмѱԷ䣬ܡ
˶Ⱥ֮ʱһ֮촫ֻһѳɫĹֽ˳ǵıУҲˡ
һ£ȺʱĿתǳɽ̶һʱ߹棬ıжˣֻʣˡ
һأ˲òܹ̾߹Χ֮£ѶԷıи˹ȻҲ

ֻþ֮ϴǼһ䣬Ī⣬еĽǱ޳ɫķʵʵȫȻ˷ֱ治١
ǰˡ
һһЦһ㣬һߴ̵һ̳ȴ뷢㽣Ӱʱأһ½ȫ֡

ص±ߣѱ±ߣһǵõ²ɣһЦһ̶ȵֵȴһеʱ˳ȥ顱һӲʮһʯ棬
ޣ
һ£˶˳ţոǼо׵ĽҲδܿγģǺη
λǰˡ
һһЦ˫һ㣬ƮƮ˵棬ལһȡһȣеҡ
㡭
ЩǰֽһǼһСѽȷʵտԸķ䣬Ӯˣ˵ɣкҪ󡣡
һ̣˶ס˺˹Ȼ鴫һߴ֣˵ӲƴһôҲƴ߹䣬ӮӮ߹ѾãһСӷڣȻˣķڷͿкҪˣҪ߹Ӵ˽Ҳ޿ɷ顣


0068 
˿̣ټƽɽ˵˵ĿⶼעǰϣҪ˵ʲô
ԶһҲոϸ۲ˣʩչĽѧʦı｣ɲɷϵǣ˵Ľȷʵ֪ǺźɵĹЩδ֪ΪҪٰԼս߹
ֻǰǰһЦݺ㣬ҡЦкҪΨһСС󣬱ϣպܹڴ˾һʤ
Ҫսŷף
һ£Ⱥ޲Ȼս߹ҲͰˣԭĿģ
ѹѹ֣ѹԶԭΪ
ŷҲڱΪоǵУеÿˣһǽȵ꣬һǳƽɽеˣˣǿ
һʱ䣬˷׷⴫ѶϢ㲼£˱ÿһ䣬˵һս߹ֻøŸɵǰսһսŷףǾ𺳱ˣʱ۴СɣˣҪһˡ
Զһ˫ü˵˭ĿľΪΣ
ֻ΢΢˵ͷ˻ᴫպСˣǡ˵գŸԵıУâȵķȥˡ
ȺǾþòƽϢǰ΢Ц߹ȥתڳ˱˱֣ĳˣҲȸˣҲλǰպ֤˵գ̤գһΣʧˡ
һˣҲ˲ע⣬չɲһȥһɽǰͣ˿ƺҲ׷
沢κη紵ݶ󣬰·Űһ¶һ˿Цݣת׼ߣȻһֻǰ֪ʱ˸ˣ˪ٲȻһˡ
һɤֱ׳ι˭ҳô񣬻ÿ
һɫ䣬һ˪Ŀ÷·¾ʲôˣΪҪٰĳ
ʶƣǵ飬Խ˭㣿ҪΪҳмƣͿһһȥܻˡ
ôˡ
һһһ˲۽ٿһ죬ץȥҪôĿȽϵժ¡
ԷϮ˳Ȼޱȣһѷǰɱȣָӿ磬غǰ߹ƴԪδָ˿·硣
ˣˣÿ
걻Ƶòˣۼ޿ˣǼˣһƷһܲľʯʱҷɣһסһƣھһߣֽƵ

һֿ磬һ³ץȥһ屾ܵһһһץϡ
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ʱһƽ𿪣һվȽŲ˲ǰڣһһɵʱ
һŨ㣬һĿִжܷӦֵ̧Ȼɢ֮ʱǰûӰ
ˡ
һֿ̧˿ƣĪǴŵУʧĻǴ󷨣˾ʲôˣ¾֮󡭡
ʱһӰȴǹ˼ȴһתȥˣˡ
˼ȴѷʲôߣԶããһƬɽҰЦ˵Ṧ޳֮¡
һҡͷЦĹ֮»ѣṦ»֮ϣ˼ȴּѿҵݣͲҪȡЦˡ
˼ȴͷһЦֵ˼ٰ֣֮ŷսΪǺԭ򣿡
һ˼˹Լ֮£ṦԼ֮£ΪҪٰԼսҪʲô
˼ȴ޶۶֮飬ϳǰ
һ΢΢ͷ˼ֻǸոԼ̫ˣڲȷסǰӦôڱǴݾˣ֪պ󻹻᲻ƽɽԼ
˵պ󣬴ӦǻԼֻǴ̫ƻṦҲ֮£ʱ˼ȴĳһ֮ס
˵˼ȴһЦٶԡ
ʱҴҶȻ챱ССۺźɣյϢ֮ͽһǴ߹ҪսŷףһˣԭƽɽսˣҲʱҴҸ˹Ҫһ⡰ꡱ
һգƽɽϾۼˣȥȫӰܶΧɽҲվ˸Ÿɵˣǰٶʮֹһûϵⱱߣ˿١
˿˶۲ֹУٽʱһȻʶɽһϣȺһӰֻһ£üһӡŷס
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ʱȥˣսƣȻһӰȺֿʼ׷
Զһ͹˼ȴһۣ˽ѵΪǰԼݾߵԵ
ֹһȺ֮ˣһü˼ȴӵһɲǣ˶һ뵽ʲô
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һ˫һ㣬ٲԥɽǱ߷ȥһ
ͻһĻ˽һŷأ䣬ɡ
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Ⱥ۲ֹֻһ𣺡˵ôԿʼô
һŷ׿ȥ˵ҽղȶģûκ塣˵գ˿ȥ֪λһʱƬĳԣλҪԥٻǸԵɣ


0069 ʧ
⡭⵽ô£
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һ˵Ҵûս˸ңǲҪٻԥٻǵɣ
˵Դ䣬һ£ȺڿʼЩҲ˿ʼѵ
Ŀʵ֤ԼԷ飿
һ֪Ⱥ˵ͨˣҲٷϻһâƿգǧâֱƲ㣬һɲǱɢ˷ԲʮƲ㣬ţֻɽֱƽɽ缤֮£ΪԵһЩ˱Ǹе޷
⡭｣
ɽֱ·ҪƽɽΪƽһ㣬ڽ֮ʱһӡһ䣬ɢȥ˽һ죬סɻλڿĳˣ
˿̣ȺĿ¶ɫĿ¶ɫδһӸոնԷʩչĵȷʵŵ｣м٣ǰǸһȻ죬ȴûжκһ˿ŵĹ⣡
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲôһôǰǸһɵҲóˣһɽ֮ڣѸɵȫƽɽˣ
죡ٻɣ
һ£˲׷׼ɽԼɸϻȥˣһʱ䣬գ쳣׳ۡ
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ŷȴɵŻţ˿ɽ
һȥ˵ĳˣģҲ֡
Ҳաŷһ䣬صҵһ졣һ˵꣬˫һ㣬㻯âʧʡ
һĿȥķ򣬲˫üԽԽ˼ȴ˹Σ
һҡҡͷ˼ٰңɵǰƽɽĿضͼıֻ±Ҫˡ
ڣ˼ϸ룬ֻԼȷսôˣһ֮ȥսˣԴǷųԼҪս߹ϢȻݳԼģǰ߹󣬷ˡ
һۣÿһ嶼ߵʮ־׼Լƽɽ˼ܣıԣһ֮ˣܹݳԼģܹαװԼôһǼԼģʲôˡ
һе󷢺ȻԼδôЩһֱţδ⽭ն񡭡
˼ȴɽͷ䣬顣

һü˵ͷû뵽½ܵһ£ĳʲô£Щ˻᲻˳Լͷ
ʱҲ˵壬ֻ˼ȴܹԼ֤ˣֻ˼ȴѾЩ˻ĻôҲֻһһˣû뵽Ÿɽ̯鷳֮£ץסǸðԼ֮ˣҪÿĿģ

Ȼ죬νը˹δܵκιȴвɲʧԣһ¿ɲˣЩ棬ЩǸɵķЩǷӡؼƪеһЩɼأЩһ䵽ħǻˣֱȱħͻϮҪء
գֵĻ̻̣ʲôˣһ֮ϢôɵĲ飿ǡһŷ׾սգ첻˶ȥƽɽ˵עҲȫƽɽһսʧԣǻȻ֪
˿һԺӢͷףˮ䣣ɽʯ׾ˡһԺⲽüͷѾ죬˾ʲôˣɵȥƽɽȻû߸ɵĲ飬ıԣб£򵥣ɴ˵Ŀʲô
ϸ˼գƶ϶ԷӦɵĹĪԴƱ˵Ѱʲô
ʱԺһŲֻ˼ȴ˽һ̧ͷʵΣ˼ȴֿɴ̽ʲô
˼ȴҡҡͷЩˣˡ
ӣЩ鷳ˡ
һֽüջǣԼͷˣΣԼҪʵܵʱҥȴռߵأʦܵκ𺦡
Ƭ̺ĽŲԽԽˣ˲٣һ˼ȴһۣ˱㴩ȣԺȥˣԺſʱ㱻һ˸סˣԼĪʮ˵ӣǸŸɵĳǰ
һʧҾҾ֣΢Цλǰˣ˵գԺڰ˸֡
ˡΪһվ˳ĿЩ˵˴ҵǰС˽һЩ顣
һ΢ЦЦʦڣЩ߲ưԵòʧ񣬵Цǰ˵
Ŀ⣬ƽɽϣС˵λٻظɡʱСǷѾ֪ɲʧԣ
һ΢΢һ仰ʵЩԼشǣôʻὫԼУŪõ˵Լ˰ıЦŵұ뿴ٰĳ֮˾кĿģϴ˲δڶ뵽Ϊɽ֮ƣĿΪɵǰƽɽĳʱҲ֪ɲʧһ£ֻǾΣԲøλٻɾ䡣
˵֮һߵȻС֪Ϊٰ磬Ϊβǰ˵Ҫȵ鷢˲վĪһģ
һΧʱҲΪ̣Զˮ辭ĿջƣҲͷҴȥˣڴ˶
һ꣬Һٻɣȴ˵˹ᣬʲôȴ΢Цʵ˵һĳһֺαǣĳȥպٳ˲ĳأ
˵ʲôһߣ򷨣䳤˵µһĳҲ֮ѧ
һ仰˵ΪǴ˿ǲɵı񣬼ЩɵĳǰҲе΢΢һϡ
仰֮˵ŵϵĵӣԼѧ֮ҲƲɹ̸ֺʲô죿ֱЦ󷽣δҲ̫Լˡ
˿ձ䣬Ｘʮˣĸдֻ̣ŵȷʵǴ˿̾޴ӷԸЩ
ʱ˼ȴǰ΢Цҿ֤ǰһֱһ𣬿֮ͽ֮λ˵ǲ
ɫȻЩӣһµı֮ˣĳЭ飬ҲϣλǰܹǷǣղΪ֮˲ǣҪɡ
仰˵ĵͨͨŵӣ٣裿
ɵҲ˵ˣǰߵãҵﲻϷСǣպϸǵ֮ˣС
ǰˡ
һ䵭仰֮ǲ鵽ˣȻˣǲ鲻Լ鷳


0070 
˱˴˶һۣ׷ױ˱ȭȥˡ
ԺָֻǳȥһüܷѾ壬ԿηֻҪһ첻ǵԸɲ֮˾ԼһѲ˸ϵϲԿηĸǿηȻоϲ֮˱ˡ
֣Σ
˼ȴ˹
һҡҡͷڱ뾡ҵˣ˵˵Ըɲ飬ضдķ뾡ʵŶл˼ȴҽΧҵǻ֪˼ȴʲô
˼ȴЦЦҾ£ȥ޿ȥ֮֮Ρ
ô˼ȴֵǺ¡
һһЦ϶˵ԼҲͲöˣ֮ǰ˼ȴűһ£Է˵Ҳöʡ

ҹĻ£һ乳бңˮͥԺ仨һϥڵأ˫գѽת죬Ȼʼն޷һ㣬һһȴԶġ
һһۣ۷ѾþˣҲ޷һ㣬֪һһ;еĵһѵ㣬Ӵ˱ɷ֮Щʦʦ㣬ʱҲܳҲûôѣÿ춼һСǰôˣȴһ˿ͻƵļҲûС
Ҳ֪һ㲻ƽܵͻƵģһ龳磬ܳԪӤÿ˵ͻƷʽͬҪ򡱣򲻳һǻڴˣѿŰ塣
ʱһαǰ£ڼɶڵǰʧһ£һ˼ȴÿհе飬ҹҲԿһ
Щһ·ͣͣѾ˺üڼҲ˵ʲô˴αɲʧһйأѧѲȥʲô
ʱһԺоĸ컯˼ȴˣһջôæʵ˼ȴֿ̽ʲô
˼ȴ΢΢ͷɫ࣬˵˴ӰǰһЩ˿ˣ˴θɲʧԣ롮йء

һɫҲһ±ˣȻɷħΪأǽЩԪŵصģĪ⣬ҲɣҲħɣֻǲħ̡ң¥Ǽħһʹޡ
ǽЩųԪŵصģԸɶνһ֪һԿ϶ǣħƺЩɵˣ˲ΪУһų̶ֶʱ䣬뼸ħڷ֮ͥơ
˾˭δĪһǣ˵Ѯ̫ţҲ˵귽ʮ˵С˵ǧĴħŮ֮û׼ȷ˵
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һϸĦʱֵģʵҲû˵׼ȷֻ̫ܣƱĪ⣬һ׽͸һε߸ɵĲΪΣǷ´ɣΪλգϧǳΪʸ֮ģĿʵԴĦ
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲô˴θɶʧĲ飬ЩԼɵĹؼЩǸɵĵ伮ǧټҪЩ˵ԴЮָɣδ̫棬˵ɵĹǸٰԼİĪ⣬Ĺֺѧ
Կų㣬ôѵ˵Ѱʲô
뵽˴һɫֱЩʵǸɿҵλã
˼ȴ˴ǧ⣬һɽǰҵʱפ֮أӦɽ֮С
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־ͬϣʰ˶ɽǱ߸ȥѾɽɽطƣ֮ѿУõȵŨɢȥһ㡣
һڵѰЩӡʹ򶷺ۼɵǰ˴˵أֻɽ֣裬·᫣Լ֮УΪߣƬ̱ҪʧŨŨֱ磬߳
˼ȴ֣һЩ
һϸ۲ŵϵһŽӡӡ£ڴˣ˵һؽ֮Ҳʮѣ˵ʯʯҲƬɽģαɵóȻƬɽֻ˵
Сдһʱǰд˴˶һۣʱչη˹ȥ˽µŮһͷ֪޶ս޿ȻܹԸˡ
ʦ㡭
һ΢΢һôˣۼſѪڳȥҲ˲ϸ˼˲һն˹ȥһޱȻצȴһץȥ
ģ
Σ֮ʣ˼ȴ֪ʱѾ˲Ƶԣֽһּˮ𡭡һɫӡͷϣʱ䶨סˡ
оգƮڵأһ˲˹ȥʦ㣬ڴˣ
߾긦ſˣּ˻Լţ΢΢һ죬һת˿ȥ˵Һλʦʦɢˡ˵գԱߵӿȥ㣬ôһˡ
˼ȴ΢΢һЦֵδҽܣ¹˼ȴ
˼ȸùŹֵ֡Сֹһ䣬ּ޺Ȼˣֶˣ
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˼ȴ΢΢һЦ˫ֽӡһɫӡ˹ȥ𣡡һɲǣޱɢˡ
⡭
ߺ请ʦ㲻һոһ·׷ǲţȻױˣ⡭
˼ȴЦﲻ죬Ⲣʵޣֻǻ޶ѡ
ޡ
΢΢һԼλʦ㣬ǽ˿ⲼµˣһɽʮΣգ
߿˿˵֮ǰҲɽ˵߳Щ£ʦɢˣɽһ죬Ҳ߲ȥջʦˡ
һ֮΢΢˵ͷòʵǣʦáҲ𣿡
ҡҡͷʦûһ𡣡
ô
һ΢΢Щʧ䣬Զֵֿȥ˵ɽﲻ֣һ˿Ⲽ󷨣ɵ˶ǱҪ취󡣡
ãǰܷҵһЩڡ
˼ȴ΢΢ͷ˵߿ȥ߹ǵȻмǽһߣҪɢ
ߣҪƲ㱾´Ҳ֮ǰֻǲСĶѡ
죬Խ˵ԽСˣ̧ͷ͵͵һۡ˼ȴҡͷһЦ˱ǰߵŨȥˡ
ڼ˸뿪ã棬ȴһӰǸŮӡ


0071 
һ·ϣŨ֮ɢһ͹˼ȴǰС̽ѰţȻʦȴһΣҲûУ˵Ц
ʦܣ֮ǰһ·ö˵˵˴θɲʧйأǰ磬κ˵ǣЩǿɶ񣬸Ūʵſͺ˵˵Ҫôûӣ۾ҲϹˡ
ͳϣ˵ҲøҪô˵ȥɡ
һصʱգˣ˵ûϵˣֻ˸˵ʦǾݹˡ
˼ȴЦЩܾһɵĹѧһһʹϵʽЩ˱ֻ˵һǵĹЦ棬ЩδҲ̫Լˣ£ЩҲмһˡ
ͬ˵ŸͲ׽Ӱͺһһǣ꣬Ϊʲôʲô˿гĶҪ֪ˣզû죿ûӲҪؼǻۡ
Ϊ߷߲ƽ˼ȴЦ֮λ޴ǡ
߿ͣһֵףˣϴôҪŰ
˼ȴЦֻμŻѡ
ҧָ룬˵Ǵűϳģôء
ˣӣҲա
ŶŶ
һ˼ǰʱЩһҲо˼ȴҲһͨУ˽޼£һƿɽ˿µ˲ٱ֮
ʱɽʱɢһЩŸɵ˶һɽ棬ɽ˷Ҳȥ
棬ˡ
ɵվɽ棬ȥһĪչﲻһЩΪĸߵǰҲ޷ƿɽȵһҹĻ٣ʱܽȥˡ
ô죿ǰ취ȥ
ɢ˴˿ھһ𣬲׷ɢˣʱֻᱻơ
ʱԶһҲ߹ˣ֮ǰˣȨʦ֣Ϲ˼ȴܹˡ
ǹʱϳһˣһۣСѣˣ֮ǰҲǴЩ
ȻˣҪȻǷɹ𣿡⻳ɵһҲûʲôɫ
ɣһֵСѣƿ𣿡
԰ɡ
һ͹˼ȴǰĿ֮¿ʼȻҲƲһ󣬹ãȺѾ𽥿ʼ
ǰЦһֵСѣҿˣ֪ƿ󣬱򿪰ɣҪҵװ׿ˡ
ʲô˼
ߵʱ˪仰˼˵ʦа˹ᣬһգĿԲǾǳԲŲִ˵óЩƾ֤ĪҪѪˣ
һΧˣ߸̣޺޵ЩǰѺĵ¿ηΣɲʧԣʦ޹أʦܺİѰңǷǵл˵ģոЩҪʦܺ˼ȴæƿΪôɽ𣿡
Խ˵Խʱ˼ȴ˹Ц˰ˣʦҲˣȻ˴˲ϲǣ߱ǡ˵գһ˿ҲˣԶȥˡ
һ·ϣЩüЩǲ֪ôҪȻʦܣ˼ȴ磬ǻȥˣô㣬ʲô£
һüһϿȣܿ˿˼ȴһۣ취ܷطƿ֮ҪˣûȤʦϣΪЩ˵ʦϾԿηЩֶ뵽ʲô˵ʲôϸȥ˼⡣
ֱĺɫʱһ͹˼ȴҲδƿ޷ƿһ㣬һ̫ˣǰƽÿ
˿ĹȵһߣۼϦɽɽֽ˹ɵ˲ЩʼˣһҹĻ٣ΧȫҲ߲ȥҲֱ治˵ķλʱͺֲܿˡ
ô죿ˣҪȻȳȥҹ˳͵Ϯ롣
ɵĳϴ˿̾һüԽԽһҡҡͷУò׽ǳȥĻδػҽˡ
ô졭
ֱһĪչʱȻֻһڿշһѳɽŭ壬Ĺȵˣٲݹƶˣ
˵գֻһĹնȥâʱƿնȥϼâɽҲһ˲յͨ
¡
һ죬âն֮ϣʱɽһȻǽȴʯһ㣬նĹ棬һҲû
Σ಻Ҳ׷ǰʩͨѧһʱ䣬ֻɽϷҴܣâ䣬һ㣬ȻʩҲ޷ƿ֣Щɢ־ۣԽԽŨˡ
ô졭
ۼһ˿ϦҲҪûɽ֮ˣɵԽԽżǰ·ûˣһڣǻУ롣
ʱֻĹ洫һŮӵĴЦλڴ˰죬Σܷƿķ󣿻ҪҪټˣ
Ů
˽һ𣬷׷׼ɽٴһ㣬ɫһ±ý
һǰĹұһˮˮΪΰǰȴӸɵ߲飿Ƿħ֮ɣ

ĹִŮӵЦȴ򾿾ģֻŮӵûλɵĲ飬ȷʵΣбûȥ𣿡
㣡ŮĪǼħһΪУʶľͿЩ黹Ƕؽ˴Ϊƽأ
һʱ䣬ԴǷ߷ߣֻĹִŮӵĵЦð͵Ƕ죬ˡ
ȵȣ
ǰɫһ䣬ǰĪգǲҪΪУֻǲ֪Ϊ޶˶Ҫȡ߸ɵĲ飿ҲΪɹԵʡ
֪ͺãЩνĸŵ˸ϣǺǡ
ĹִŮӵĿЦԣ쳣ŭҲٳ༤ˣԷһͷˣûԼɵĲ飿һһŭ֮£ǵĲøħǼħڣǵʱ򻹵ˣԴ˿ֻܺ˵˵ʲôŮŮˡ
ǰֵȻɲ飬˲κ洦ǲ֪βſϽ黹ǣ
ֻĹŮЦҪȡǵĲ飬Ҳѣֻ˵ˣֻһˣֻ˲ŻǵĲ顣
һԣһͷˮ˵Ź֣ʲôϷ
ϸ˼ǲ֪Ҫ˭
ĹŮЦˣǲǰߵԼ취ȥһɣһ˻ûˣôǾȥħ̡ң¥ҪǵĹɣˣԾڴˣˡ


0072 
Ŵԣɵ˸ǻһҪɵĹøǼħڣʱ򻹵ˣ˿ɲһô˵Ͳǣֻ˵Σ
ô죿
ɳ϶׷׾һԲߣһɵĹ䵽Ǽħʱǲˡ
ǰߣЩʦ֡ô죿
˵ô죡
˫һɣָûҸ˵ˣҪǿڰˣһ
ҡ֪ЩŮǡ
С㣡
ʱһۣ͵͵һۣ䡰ŮֱЩ˸ȥˡ
ô죿ﴦֻ֣ʱ䣬ˣ
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ãá
ǸҼˣǼСѣ˭ٺһ䣬ݹϷһˣ
죬ɵ˿νҵᣬͷöããɽҰ֣ǾҪȥ˸һ
ۼֻʣһʱˣһ̫ɽ˱ҪɵĹ͵ħȥɵĳϼǸɫˡ
СѣСѣ
һźصɽȻȴʼ޻ɳϼĶˡ
˿̣һžɽػƽ羵һԱߣֻ߸Χһյտһ¡
ˣǰȥһˣ˿һһֻý͵ķãЦ벻˼ȴַǵΪտҲһЩΰͣһҪ˵һ䣬㣡
˼ȴЦ˵ЦˣʲôաҳƮ⣬ѧһ˵ţһ߽￾ķߵȥС̡

ָ˺һ⣬᳢һ£Ц˼ȴѽұֱŵģǰ⿾ˡͷģǿɰˡ
˼ȴЦϲá
ЦҪȻԺ˼ȴôóԵտҺˡ
ŴһԱʦ㶼˹߼ֵֹģһº˰ߣ֧֧ң˵˼ȴպܺ
λʦɲĻʱɽ洫һСѡĺȥΣһվŹѽʦܣˡ
ȻǴ˼俾Ʈ㣬Щ˸˹һһЦ޷ҹɡ
Ƭ̺ҵɽȿǣʱ⺰СҵСˣ
̼䣬жʮɳϴҴҸ˹һڴˣһʯˣȻȴҵԷˣһʱ֧֧˵
һЦλǰãһɡ
ɳ϶ýͷöˣﻹʲô鿾⣬߲˲亹ЦŵСѣˡ
ںѽһ΢Ц˻ȥ˸Цŵо⣬Ա˯Ǻϸ
⡭
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һԭأþòŻعһ˴Ĵָ㣡㣡˵գֳ˵˵ɫЩɳҲһ·Ӧ˹׷Ц㣡㣡

һͷһЦҡֵ˺ˣλǰĪҪ˵ЦˣΣʲô鷳Ҫæˣ
ʱɳŰǰ˵ˣһˬʶЦ޷ȻĳλǰûضʧĲ飬ȻЧͣ߰ɡ
ʵǰһ˱֪˴£ֻһЩ˲ʶôǳͷ˵
ڣǰһһ˺ɵ˻صĹǰһǰһ̤ĳλɡ
Ƭ̺ĹŴŮӵ˵ɫͣճʱڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
ԣɵҲҶ˵ʲôֻܾ͵Ӫ˵
˾ϰµȵĹȻһ𵴣ֻŨɢֳһľһ˾񣬷׷ǺȻֵĹرͨе·ˣֻǻ᲻µ壿
Ƭֻ̺дһŮӵʱȣںҪǿһԡ
Ŵԣɵ˶˵ǼħһΪԣҲǼħڹ࣬ε߸ɲ飬䱳Ŀľ򵥣ڻ᲻һڵ壿
һȴƸɵǰţǹȥЦĳˡ˵գ̤ľȥ˿һ˼״Ҳ׷׶ӵͷȥ
һ·ϣɵߵСǺȻһɽ紵Ҳ̾˴Լʱ䣬ǰ·ŨҲɢȥӳģȴ·һԴһ㡣
¡ڣȴǰٻ̺죬۷ϪϷɹһٻһ㣬Ŀɽһ츣أòǻɣ
뵽˴ɵ˲䱸ԽĵطԽΣգԽǰԽǲҵġ
һȴǲһˣ̤Ӣͷף۷ֻ࣬˵Ŀ˵ؾҲ߽ģ˼һʲôӡ
Ƭֻ̣ǰСˮܿЩһ㳡±ߣɵͣ½ŲóȻǰΪѾоһʮǿĽ֮
һȴûʲôúµģ֮֮㳡ȥĳβ˼ˣ
ֻﴫһŮЦӵͽܣȻеʶЩˡ
ԣ±ЩóȻˣ϶һһףҲҶ˵ʲôֻ㳡ȥ
ֻһµŮӴӵз˳ŮüĿ续ڼ󣬿ȥݣҲһ˿ŮǰԼ
ֻһȣЦһ
һʧһЦ£½֪ɷ빬ͻ飿
ŮһЦ˵ˣʤùңȻˣǱ뿪ɡ
һ˼Ȼûôף˵Ϊƺ飬һܶù
һЦЦˬصãǲ֪кι򡣡
ŮЦܼ򵥣һ㲻ܶŵĹڶ㲻ܶӵĹ˫ۣҲκηɽ
⡭ôӮˣ
Χһը˹۾Ͳ˵ˣǼȲܶŵĵҲܶӵĵýǸɴվˣпӮô
ãĳͬ⡣
һ˿䲻֪ԷΣҲ˵͡һ˺һ鲼۾ˣһ죬ָմԶһһ֦ǽˡ


0073 ǻ
⡭⣡
ȺǸеȣǰһվֵС
ʲôЦһˣֻһʤѣǶԣԼɵĹõħȥǻˣһȶǱӮԲ䣡
ǰŮӵλǱԣôӦýƽСͽ˽֪ôΪβñŵĹҲӴ֮ΪβɶãˣȻҲɶĹͱУǾ˵ʲô
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±ʱв˸ŸӵͽܣΪʲôܶӽ̸δʧ
ֱãȺŽŮЦôǲ˵˼ҵĹ𣿡
⡭
һƿԣڴ֮ǰǻһ˴θɲʧйأ㻳һɵĹȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ŮЦؼѶ£޷ģ׼𣿡
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
һ죬һλ֦˲䵲סԼȹǣֱһʱ֪ԷĹԼ֮¡
ұߣעˣ
Ůһ˿Цһ߾ȥһȻ۾ܲĸ֦һ̧һֵסǷȹǡ
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Ůһȴ̶Ƭ̣㳡˷·Ӱһ±һҲֱ治ʵˣŮӵı£Լ֮£ɳ϶ڣȻҲҶùǰڵľѧ

ֻüϴۼһһļɤۣס۾Ҳգһ£һɲ䰡һҪˣǵŶȥˡ
˷ԽԽһеЩڲܶʦɲҲܶñ｣ܶڶԷ籩Ĺ£Щмܲסˡ

һ죬һʮಽһĶˣŮջȣЦΣǻ֧ŵס
±˵ⲻƽ۾ϵĲժ
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һסԼִ̫ʦʽˣԴ˿̲ŴƣʤС
Ȼ䣬еʯһһǰȥһȴȫ·֦裬ʱŮӼƺȻͣ˫һţԾһλʱ׷ȥ˱ڰжһ
ǿĿѣô̶һѲһ˿ʩչģԼʱⲢӵĹҲŵĹȴʹ·磬ռϷ磬Ȼ
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ŮһЦȻԾ𣬶ŵƴȥȻȴѰʽһȥܵʱ֣ҲƮƬƬ꣬ƻǻƷƣһһĹһС

˽һ˵ˣ˶õԼȴʹʲô
ŮЦֻ˵õû˵Ҳע⣡˵գȥ
⡭
һֻƾʶӦϮĻ꣬ȻȴܹоÿһƬ궼һ£մһ㡣
ݣ
̼γһӡ֮У˵ҪȡʤҪˣʽɲܶõβƵÿ
УŮӯӯһЦƻǻ紺βʱȥƳٴ
䣬ֻ˫´ȥһӡһɲǼ䣬컨㽫һûˣҲˣֻһƬ裬ȴһˡ
ʲôʦ
߲һ±ɫŮĹ̫ˣʦôҲѱɫû뵽ġǻԭУҲδػһô죿
˼Ǹɫ԰ףֻŮЦޱߣͷǰ䣬ұһڻ𡣡
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ŮǺЦƬ̣޶һĶȥһҲˣŮֶڿô죿
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ǰǰбУ÷סӱԣ
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ֻԶ߼ʦżֱţǲŲЩɵĲΣֻһˡ˼ȴģһ¡
˿̣컨棬һһ˼֮һ߶ܴԶõƿ⡰ǻڲܶõҪӲƾȥǲܵġ
ô죬ô졭
ۼƵԽԽԽԽǴκʦɽһȥԼҪˡ
ţԹޣ֮ʼУ֮ĸ
ʦ
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ȵȡʦ˿Զ壬ΪʲôԼܹʦͨǡ˺һ
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뵽˴һٲԥ˫ֲϽӡԪܣ˿۾ãӰ죬ȥؼһһҶһһľ
һɲǣ·𿴼һŰɫһѿɴ㣬ƬƬҶعУܶʼʼܣǡеĹ켣
һ˲䣬·һƬأκҲ޷һƬأ


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ǡǣ
˽һпˣһƬҶҶӺζһҲ޷ҶƮó
˳Ծ֮ʱֻһЦ𣺡Ҫˡ
Сѣ
һһȴȫǴĸģţֻ㳡Ҷм£˹Ҷɢȥ֮ʱһȻ֮⡣
⡭⣡
˽Ըе𾪲ѣʲôγģܲǻЩҶɣԶߵ˿Ҿ֪ʦ
ŮƺһҲ⣬Цƿǻȷмֱ£δؼӮˡ
һʱ׷׵ˣ˵㻰СûжãƿĻǻˣ⻹Ӯ
ǰǰѾӮˣβӮ
˶ŸһֻǵһЦһ̾ԵñȸղŸӴݲˣ˶·̥һ㣬Ц޷ǱС
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һЦҲҲţĳҪס
䣬ֻдŻȻ򣬴˻޷סŮӣʲôҲУʹҲûʲôˣһŮӵƱȫˡ

治˶ͷˣضͽܵˣʩźĹöԷĹ֮֮㲻Υɣ
ʦܹȻа취
ԶߵҲ޷ˣ˿˿һʤˣû˱ŵķǶԣʦܿǴ˹⣬ǰŻӼġ
ֻǻﲻдǽЩżڣǻɢˣӰ˳ֻ˽һһֱϣһ¿Ůˣ޷չ
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ŮҲǶȻһû뵽ͻһУƽƿ֮ʣȴеһ飬һϸ߱ȫһ˳ֱ۷ָһ㣬㽫еȶ˹
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仰˼ƺԵܲҪһȹһЦˣĳﱣܴȡ
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Ů̧̧֣ʱĵӣɵ˴ʱûظԵĲ飬ȻҲȥ׷ʲôˣֻž뿪˵Ϊá
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Ŵ˿̸ɳ϶ԼлһҲеЩƮƮˣżءӢֱۡŻ񫣬ЦλǰˣӦ
һһʦüͷһֱţʵʦˣ
Զһ·ЦɳϿ˿Сڵģո˽ʦܣ´ȥʦܻ鷳һüλ֪ˣֻҲ
һȴŵÿ࣬Цʦ㲻صģոô˶ˣӮˣҾ϶Ϊħ̣ҲҴħ̸ɻķ˵ȥҲֻ֮кβɣ
˼ȴ΢Ц˵Ӷˡ
ŶǺðɡ죬˼ȴһۣʶ˼죬ӳӶ̵ˣй˼ȴˣɣߡ
ԣԱλʦ㲻һЦ㲻Ҳһһ䡮˼ȴ硯еͦ˳𣿡
߱˵˼ʱһ죬˵ҴŶһЦ˼ȴλʦ㣬ԺҪչˡ
߼ҲȡЦԼˣϸǺϼһ㣺ʦܣ˵ҲҪŶ˴ž첻ԣԣȵȣʦܣ仰ʲô˼
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ʦܲһ𣿡
ԱλʦҲЩ죬һЦΣǶλʦ᲻ҵĻǱһˡ
ޡʦʱ˸ۣƽô࣬ȴ컬࣬㻹ȥֺʦðɣ㲻ߣʦò˺üء
һʦõ֣һǱʲôһ£ԼǲǶ𣬿δһ˿˰ˣˮ飬ο˼


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ԴԽЩˣ˵ǡºͿˡ
ŮֵЩɵˣǾһһ˵ʲôħŮдεݣЩ˵ϹǵĹۣ˼ЩСħҴᲢۡ
ŮĵΪĿ⣬˼Ҳδֹһ統ǵȾ֮ˡ˵˴˼ӵ
ǼȻˣΪβֱӰЩؼøħ̡ң¥Щˣħﶷ
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ŮתŶ˵ǼħڰͲЩνָǣȻûҵҪĶαػҪټĳ٣ãѵδסΪ𣿡
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ŮȻɣΪˮΪˣ·ֻڻве飬˼˶֮ò
Цµ˫˾ķ˫Ҵġ

Ůعͷֻʮ߰ò˿̵ȴʮ˴˸Ƭ̺󣬲˾ĴˣҰĺܴ󡣡
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˾ҡҡͷϳǰ빫»ȥġ
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΢΢һĳЦǡ£绹˾Ļȥɡ
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ݣ
ʱ֪δһʯӣۡһ㽫ͷһֻˣøҲٷˡ
һǿһ˵عһ䱸ֹӹȥ˭
Ȼһ̣ȴסˣֻһŮŮ·ӻ߳Χİٻʢ·ֻΪ˳


0076 
Ů߽ʱһηһ㣬ЦӯӯؿԼ뵽ոԼǰЩʧ񣬵һ뵽Īɣбι
Ů峺Ŀ⿴ЦЦⵯ٣Щߴߴû꣬Ҵһֺˣ
һ˵һЩˣʦĻ飬Уԣʲôϵ
ŮһЦչһֱۣűɫգĵ㵯٣ҴҵʯӣҲԣʲôϵ
㡭
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ŮЦ·ֻߵãô
һʵǲҲˣ㻻·ߣŮȴָòŵǸ˭ڴ˴٣ȴʼƽƽ棬ζҸұȱôˣӦԷ¡
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һ⻰һɾͲˣʦơӡϵ˫ʦ˵յڶ˭˵յһ
ΣôŮͣ½Ų
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һתŮЦãڴ˵գ뿪Ǳ䡣˵գӯӯһЦ㲽Σһ̳ӣƮȻԶȥ
һȥӰŮÿȴ˹Ź֣ʦÿɱöˡһ뵽ʦãȻǱʲôһ¡
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š
ŮᡰšһǻشһЩԣôЩתͷʱżɫЩɷףϵİȹҲմ÷һĵѪһˣ
ް
ŮһȥҲδһۣһٿȥֻٹȻĵڹٻǹ١̫
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Ůüͷһ壬ϵ٣һ٣ʤùôˣʼɡ
һɺԣ
һһǺȻ˸ˣɫȻָΪһپֱɱˣֶħк죿ˣ˾ĳҲģɱˣ̸ȥɣƾ䴦ã
˿ϵӣŮԭأòŵιľͷ˵ɱŰ˵Ұɶˣ𣿡
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ҵ
ŮͻȻסͷβŵôоڸһ׳˵ιιֵܣ˽أ

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Ůҡҡͷ̯һεӣƭֻǰǴ˶ѡ
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˵գ˫һһСﵴ˿˶٣һ˶ԷΪʤ˵ʵΪףο˵ֶǷ٣ֱһʱҲʤ
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ŮϮָһͣһɫҲ˳ȥ飡ڰһײʱøľ׷ɣҶ䡣
һ΢΢һû뵽ŮǵղԼ֮£Ҳ񣬹ֲܴɰٵ˼ˣһɫ˹ȥŮָͬһɫ˵ײһأԲʤ
ðʱ䣬ԭٻʢǲľҷɣһʯԶȪˮҲϼǧˮøɢӡ
һɫԽԽ԰ף뵽ȥɵ٣ǽ˷֣ˣԼ۸һС
ּ΢΢ڣ뵽һžѧơдߣ̻أɶɢʱѾȣ˿Ѿ˶Լ˹٣ȥǶɣ˵ιʲôˣҶղֲ٣ƽֺˡ
ʲôƽֲƽֵģ
Ůȴִ֣ȲңǱˣ˵գ˹
һæָػʦ˫ͽȴ˶ˣȥˣǾԲģôġ

ϣԽԽֱ⸽ľķѣȪˮǧߣڣŮɫԽӲ԰ˣȴҲ䣬һȥУֳɣԼִأ˵ιͣ£ټ˹ᶾģ
Ҳ㺦ģ
ŮӼˣ߰˵˹һм֮˼ϸ룬УŮƫôȥǵöɣһʦ֪ԼΪǿʤһλǴԼɡ
Ҳʦ򲻴ԼǺһλԼζһ㾳ͻƣ˰ˣգ
˼ˣһһңһʱؿϣ˳ȥ

Ů״һվֻЦ绨ﻹһոˣ


0077 δ
㣬㡭
һָ㶣ŮӴһһס˶ͷκΣˣˣΪʲôҪҡδ˵꣬ϵȥ

һ˲ɹȥסոĻôӶ֮ƮŮһ½ƿ˼ʲôҡ
һ˫ü壬ðֻǹо綾ǿ˹ƶɡ
ߣ
ŮͷһҲҪˣոԼˣҡ
һεؿʲôë֮ʣȹԼȥЩеûģ˵úúãҳϣˣ˰ɣ˺ˣƶɡ
ȵȣ
Ůһ죬ֽһһ̯һεӣôˣ˶˶ðɣ㻹ûˣ
ߣŮͷһո˵ħŮ˵ˡ
úúãҴˣҴˣ·׾˵ʲôħŮشҲڿ˰ɣ
˵еǿҲʶԼˡŮصͷЦЦ
һǴˣ˵ˣ²˵飬£㽫رƳ
ۣ
ŮһЦһ䡰һһ㶣ʲô
˵Ǳ
ŮʱЦǰϣҲͣˣǷڵһĨһ΢΢һʱŵһµī㣬ָָһ±Ⱦ˼֣ʶϵƭˣī֭ʲôжˣ
㣡Сƭɣ

ŮЦû֦Ҳˣҡֵʲôʱ˵жˣһֱ˵ж˺ðɣ
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Ϸʲô
ϷϷ
һҲ֪ɶ˼룬˾߾èر࣬ôϷҾͽϷˡ
˰ˣˣ
һһҪŷȥҲҪȥֻһСŪˣ̫ȥˣŮٻȥء
ŮҪߣæιιιˣȣ˿ҪӦԷأôˣҲû֤Ҫ߱߰ɡ
һ룬Լж˱ˣתߵҲţ˵ϣδҲ̫Сµжˣ˵ɣҪ£ȣΥΥʦŵ£Ҳȥ
ŮЦ˹ģҪ£Ȼʲô캦֮¡
һüͷ΢΢һ壬ŮʲôˣŹֵģѵ¼úÿŮӣôŹô
ŮЦһ£Ҫңʲô֡
ô򵥣
һɵؿ˿һˣŮ΢΢ͷһЦûôˣ㻹δ׿ڸ߹ңʲô֡
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һŮ°͵ͷ룬ְ˭ģ
Ҫܣһһۣͷ˺ˣ˵ڶ°ɡ
ڶŮתҪȥɻ١
ô򵥣
һ΢΢һԭΪҪʲôΪ֮³ȥɻ٣˵ԼҲҪȥģҲգЩҲã˵ǵأ
ȵȣڶ»ûء
ŮЦЦ˺һȥɻ٣㻹ҪӦң˭۸ҵĻֻվߣҪңˡ
һüҲʲô£һСٶȥˣЩ˻ҪΪĻĳȻҲ㣬˵ãҲӦ㣬ǵأ
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Ů°룬ȻһЦһûãǷţٸ㡣
һ룬ŮŹֵģˣ˵ãȥ٣ͷɣ
鿩
ŮͷһȦȦָϣЦ
ߡ
һһߣһ̫ȥˣһ·ֻԲľأϪߴӭҡڣɽľʤգŮһ·Ҳ鼫ѣʱʱСʱʱȥժ·һ仨
һ룬Ůʲôãɾ̫ŹˣЩһҲԼһʱǿʤȥɣ˼ǸԼʹˡ
ιľͷʲôأ
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ŮһЦ֪
˵ˡ
һ٣ǰߣһŮں棬Ц֮ǰһһšǽеͦ𣿡
ʲô
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㣡
һһͬСɣȻǵǸŵʲôɽţҲֻйźͲطǶ֪ԭŮǸţ
ŮЦЦֱ˻Σˣ
һǾ㵵ؿβŻعԭǹţ
ʲôһ£ŮҲԭһֱҽŵİžźˣӸ֡ǰʲô˼
㣡㻹ְŹ֣ö˶˵һװɸƭңҿ˭֣ǹţţ
㡭Ůҧҧ촽ָ˵ŲҴ㣡
ҾҪ˵㻹ְҿ˭֣ʲô˵ĪҲ˵һΪڲطЩˣ
㡭
Ůҡҡ֣ҲøȥˣԭǶǹԼģ͵͵һЦֵڸ㣬ҵֻ֣һˣˡ
Ŷ˵ɡ
ŮӯӯһЦһɫĻЦ䷲ľ֮ѩ
ŶԭлҲñֺȥһҲġһСֹ
㣡ʲôǻδ룡ľͷԴ𣿡
δ롭
һĬĬľ֮ѩѩи֣δ뻨δ룬ԭ֣ô
δЦһΣǲǱֺ
ðɡ
һƳһۣ·Ϊһ֣ʹȥˣһɲǣǿѩôϾ
ι㷢ʲô
Ŷ
һŻعͷҴ·гȻһ𣬽Ŷɽ･һˮһƬƻá


0078 
ԽԽ󣬽ģһϵ·ʪһ룬˴ȴɽ꣬δһЦһ죬һѵɫɡƮתȫ档
ֻɡ͸һ㵭⣬ƻҲǻΧɡƮ裬ɢΣɡ·дšǻ֣±߱ǡδ롱֡
ɡѰֽɡδķǻԭɡΪˡ˸δֶв㣬Աˡǻȥ
ǣ
ǻҹȥ紺βʱȥƳٴ
һ֣ݣζѣ׷䡣
˿̣δɡԣһɲǣһϵǳǳЦݣϵĵ㣬Ҳǳһ㣬òŻعһꡭ겻Ǻܴûûϵġ
Ŷ
δ˵ͷ㽫ɡˣСһ˳ɡǰȥһһ£κŻعһԼͣ죬עⱲһˡ

һڵġɹȡ˹ģҲ쳣Ũ
ǧ꣬ʦ걾Ҳһ˹١̫˵ӦһԾΪɣ޳Ϻļ꣬ɲδʲô쵱Ĵ̸ǵȾ֮ˣڻһȣʹЩаħҲ
һһǰݹȣ˹УʮʱΧסˣȻϵóǰе٣ǲ˵ġŮ
Ůջǰںδٽձؽ˷｣£
Ǽʮɵӣɱڣһ±ɽ󣬽Χм䣬δЩɱڣЦһһ䡮ŮɵĴ֮𣿡
Աһ˿٣˼ɵĵӸˣ㲻úõǸ˵˲ǡ
ռȻȻң΢΢˹֣λʦĪҪᣬ֪ɳϴ˿̿ڣ
ڵŭˣһ˵ôŮΪ˸ûˣҲӣ
˵գֻʮָӡмʮѷɽʱâʢ貶Ŀһɿʱˡ
һüͷһ壬һСﲻȺҲǸɴҪȻһܺˣ˵λҪᣬ½ǻٶ֪ɳϡ
ҪǶԣ˵
֪˭һ䣬ʮѷɽʱ˺Хն˹δǵõڶ۸ˣң
鷳Ǹ
һּۣķɽϮҲǣһһʱҶǼʮѷɽȫֵ档
漸ʮɵӵʱеһоǰһ˺Ĺĸɵˣ
ס֣
ʱһ˹ֻԶӰýȴһߺߡ
һɵĳˣҲջ˹Ŀһӹδ̣˭
һ΢΢һЦ˹ֵŵӣһ
ԭӵĸͽһˡ
ɫЩ֮ǰƾһֵ֮סʮӵķɽʮֲ˵ŵˣɫǲÿˡ
֪Сѽɹȣν¡
Щ䲻ȣһȻҲƵó˲Լǲʧ΢΢һЦصذݷãΪͻعɵĹ١˵գһǬȡ̫
ڵӼԼɵĹ٣ɫһǰȥ׷Ůˣû뵽ֽ˻
һ΢ЦģǰżλԼһ٣λȴð˹ɣһʱǿؽٻأҲڴ˴λⲻˡ
ԽǼλжʻԽΪʲôĵӣɹȴδ
뵽ոһ֮Ӳǵֿס˼ʮӣľ磬ǲ죬һЦӵĸͽһССɹȣܳܣٴϷл
⻰дһӣҪ䣬ֻԴϴξһǰı䣬ο뵽αԼͻδԴ˿Ծ΢Ц˫о˳ȥ
һ߹ȡ˻ȥһһʯͷ£ֵ֮ǰмλʦˣ֪ǼλʦΣ
ţȻͻˣ⻨δҲȷʵˣһ֮ʺҲûУЩáȻ仰ȴڷһʱЦСѹˡ
һд̣Ҳ֪Щ˲ϲԼ˱ҲûȤˣǿͿ΢Ц˴θɴ鷳ǹⲻȥ㲻߶ˡ˵գԱ߻δ뿴˿δ߰ɡ

ת֮ʣߺȻһȣһת֪ǰкηԸ
ֻ˿һ㺮˪С޹أСȻȥŮȴ뿪
ιͷҲˣ
δʱˣ˵ʲôһһ죬߹˹֣ȷʵĳ֮˴λȥ֮ĳضʦ뷣
ٺ٣
ЦˣߵȻˣƴԿɰһжˣССһɹȣȥʦ
⻰һʵϲԼδҲö˵ʲôǲ֪λǰΣ
Ŀһ˵СѴȥŮˣȴ뿪ҰŮ£зɱۣ
һ䡰ɱۡ˶صһ֪Ҳ˵ͨˣ˿ʮӳֽδ뻤󣬵λǰһԣ
һ
Ŀ䣬ָȥҪݣħŮһ𣬴˿̻̻Ͳûˡ࡯𣡡
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ٺ١
һЦȻһǲǼŮмɫʦʲôҲˣӣһŮԵߵͲһ֮
㡭
һأһƢٺҲ̲סˣһ뵽Լ𣬴ֶͬΪ˺Ҳֻס˵λǰĳɳ塣˴Աδ˵ɫߡ˵գȥˡ
֪ôҲ˵ˣֻң뿪˵ȻδܶԶ߱㴫һɹȲʲôɣҲ߾ߵģ
żڹһѪһӿδվȣһֲӿ


0079 㺦
⡭
һʱΪԶǰ֮ϣϸ˼һƴ¡һײֱ⡱ȥѪһ˲䷭ӿֹ
ֻһɫӰ˵棬Ŀ˪һɫۣ˫޼ףһɵӣһƣҿϵĵУֻǹ˼ǰ֮֮ͽĻһܺúõվš
ţ
ųأڵҲѸپ£˹ǰΪڱչأȻĻδҲô˳ٵߡ
޹أȥɡ佣ƵĿһϣ䲻ȣ첻ص
һа˹ƽϢδ봫ȥһΪԶ֮ϣŻ뿪ס
֪Ҫõǻδ룬ɵˣƺЩխ϶δħˣһСңָܵʲô˺
ߣ
һߣзһɨһ߷ʱ߰˵ն˹ǽͣδ˲ǻɡ϶ʱâת߰˵ˡ
ҹ֮ˣĪȥִ̻ôˡ
Ŀⲻ䲻ȣһ˵꣬һ̧󣡡
Ż£ֻһ³ʮ˵ӰЩװȴѰӲͬҲһ١
ˡ
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ʮ١
δɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ɣʮһҲˡ
ֻԽԽ̼ѷסǰҵ·ɵһʮٳضǲҲˡ
ŷָĿȻ䲻ȣٲÿǻᱻˡ
ۼԽԽһѪӿֹʹ˹ݱҲ޷ֵ壬Ա߻δʹŻǻɡֵҲͬѵȥ˱ضҪԪľ־ܡ
Ȼ䣬һ뵽ʲôһȡ˷٣ֻڷǱΪ߸ʵâĿһϲķ٣ôҲû뵽Ѵٸͽ
⡭
һ˲䣬ȻʶʲôȻҪֹȴˣֻһƽǰ㣬ָϣһԪעУα㲻֮ǰδ붷ԼĹˣǴ߷
һ˲䣬ٹâʢҫ۶Ŀӳһ㣬ԼһȴѿƲסһɣֻһʱɿȥ֮ľɽʯ˲仯촷ۣ
飡
ֻһ죬ʮɵĵֱӱ˳ȥһʮҲһ˲䱻Ѫ˳ȥˣһϹŭһ㣬ǰȥҪٵɹȣЩ¥һ𣬸Ƿ׷׵
˫ĿԲһ˲˹ȥһɲ߱ȫİ˲תȻˣҲòȥֻ˫۲Ѫ˿Ѫ˼ʮԶŽһȥɹȻΪС
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һηѣҲܲôˣʦлɣ㽫𣬽չɲ뻨δȥ
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Цˣո㿴ûǺǱӡ
δЦǰϣһһۣ㻹˵ǸƫҪغˣ
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һûһۣҪ֪ɵôСֱ˰ͻȥˣڵã񲻳ɣԽԽˣȥǱʦɣ˵ܷ
δЦǲȥʦ鷳ġ
˵Ͳᰡ
˵Ͳᡣδص˵ͷ
ˣø˵ˡһҡҡ֣㣬ǰ±ӵùˣֱʴҵģ
δһЦ紺ţҺʲôˣ
㺦ҡһȥҪʦˣ
δһЦһ˵㺦ء
Һ㣿һǿˣָźߵոһ·Ҷڰ㣬㻹˵Һ㣿˻еûˣ
ߣںҡ
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㡭ˡһҡҡ֣ʵɽҡͷǾ仰ô˵ţΨŮСҲ
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˵㡭һʵĸˣҡҡָ֣ǰҲ˵ˣǰ·Ӵ·ԶҲ
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δ죬ĿһۣͲˡ߱ˣˡ˵գ㲽һΣǰȥˣգ۱㲻Ӱ
ˣ
һʧıӰ֪ΪΣһ˿ûɵʧ䣬ҡҡͷҲȥˣþ뿪˴ǡ
гԽԽǾòԣոշΪͻȻôࣿѵҹ𣿿ɲ԰ҹ˵˯δѲǣȻĻ֮ǰü죬Լôõ٣ˡ
Сӣش˰ɡ
ʱһһ΢΢һҹҹˣոհѰɹȶЩȥȥôʦ
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ҹֱӻû˳˫ǰߵԼ˻Ѻڹ϶ֱ˵ҲǸӦٵġ
һһƲҲܣǷٻ꣬㲻٣ұģô˵Ҳõһ롣
ҹһ˿̾ȻЦˣСӣҪҪˣԼӢ۾ش˻֮ϣˣʹδ޳ܵġ
ңһͷһΪȻǲŸˡ
˰ˡ
ҹҡҡֵ֣СӣոСѾͷЩ򵥡
ô˵
һ̣һɫҲҲܸо˵ϻǡšײȻԼߣɺϡ
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ˣԾڴˡСӣ󳤵ģѾˣ٣ҲҪó
˵գֻҹ˸ǷҪصУһһ죺ȵȣȸңոշٵô£
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ҹ˼һſڵϲô̫ٻ꣬˯أҲˡ


0080 ϸ
̫ٻꡭ
һʵЩ⣬ϵó̫٣Դ٣ȴһ֪û뵽֮УȻҲٻ꣬˯ء
ҹСӣ㲻ҪѴ̫ˣ֮ɷӲ֮Ϊǰ˴һӡٻҲ˳˯
ǰ
һ΢΢һǼǧ꣬ôԶʱ䣬˭õʱʲôʵٻ𣿱Σ
ҹû˵˿Ҳ˻һ㣬òŵٻ꣬ء
ֻһ仰ҹʲôҲ˵ˣֻصУ˯
̫
һüƷҹӣƺǵٻҲʮֻǲ֪ǰΪλᱻ˷ӡӡ¿ƺЩ
ʱ˿̣Ҳܲôˣֻ뿪˵˵һɽ֣ȴδǰļƻţΪɵ飬ʦ֪󶨻ʮȼºˣԼٻȥգʱ˵ԼѾ龳磬ʦȻҲͲˡ
ţ·̣ڼ˶ʲôŮ
֪¹ȥˣҲ𽥱
ΪѰͻ֮ɽɽˮ֮䣬ÿÿһɽˮ֮أҪһԽƣ뿪дˡ
ֻЩǣǰ뻨δȥɻ٣Щ˰ɹȣ˴һ£δ˭۹ѵɽ±ˣ
ΪҪ±ܣĪҹԣ̫ٻˣɲŲ⹫¡
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˰ˡ
ҲȥǸ龫ֵŮˣȡһȣֻ׷ɣС֣ƻƷǻҲϧӽ׹˼ȴǣ˼
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˼Ҳһٺȣɽպ磬ɽһĹŵѰһóͤͤЪϢűһתֻƥȥˣĳ
һֽĳӿƷƥ磬Ѱ˼ҵɼż·
ͤЪϢһ̶ʱ䣬߰˿ٹȥˣһԽǸе棬չȥǼˣȥضˣΨȥԶ·ŻǳʯЩ˴æ·Ҫȥģ
ٹһһͤӣѯʵλѣ˴æ֪Ҫǰδ
߹ˣΪǸŮӣһֻ׶ޣ»ǴǧҪôĸųϵŮĸˡ
һһ·糾ͣɽԽ룬ʹԭʵݣ˿ҲȾЩ糾ǸʵǽŮֻԿһۣǰ·δᡣ
һ˵СֵҪȥأҼͬΪˡ˵գ˱ȥ׷ǰŮˡ
ء
һһԭЩ˸ȥɽôɽԶ֮ɽ޾Сɽ֮桱һ˵Թɽִ˵Ҳ
Ĵ˵ǣɾɾɾһˮʳһɳǧԶѰɾȻն޹ǧѩɽ֮С
ɽͬʱҲ˾ηҲɻɽ˼һʺ쳾֮
һǼ˽ԶȥıӰֲ⼸ƼʯϷɹԭɵֶȥˡΪΪЩȥʲô
Ȼ䣬뵽һ£ϴǵʱʦȥ֮ĪҲȥˣ
ϴȥʦҲڣһˣǼħ̵ˣ˼ȴڵĻóȻ£Σգ
뵽˴һٲԥ˫һ㣬䣬ѻһâȥˡ
ǰԿ࣬Ϊǰѳ龳磬ֻǲ֪ΪΣ龳ʱ붼ܳԪӤʹв޳ԪӤܹӦõȴһҲӦˡ
ΪΣЩ췴ĥҲ벻ףԴȻɣʦһ£˵ǱȻȹȥε±ϴζٵ
һ·ҹ֮ңҺѳ龳ǻǰ㹦ҹߵҲǵԪݽ߲ɡ
һʣһ䵽һɽϣȡͭһգЪϢټ·
ͭʹָЩ񣬴˿̱Ŀ˼ʣһ㼱ظȥڵʦǣڵǸ޹֮ˣħŮҲãҲգЩôϵأ
һһ۾ֱգ˼һжɺϣʼġšٵǸƽɽٰԼ֮ˣԼȶŮӡǣͬһˣδ롣
ԭʲô
ҹ䴵ɽۣʢģһ̣һȴеһɳǵĺ䣬Ů̫ˣٰԼɵƽɽǰȥɣԼ˵ҲֻһӣĿģҪȥѰĳ
Ѱʲôħ飬ҲȥѰңҳôܻɣ˿ҪĲħ飬ħ飬ʲôҪ֮ģ
Ѿ֮ħŮһȥأУԼȥֹֹһж
һڸϵɽ֮£ɽ⣬ȥɽȴһƬ಻ĳɽλشһ֮գ겻Ҳء
ļһ볤ɽһеɽеգ˲ʬףŸɵĶУ״һ඼Ǳһɼ֮ΪߣҲ顣
Ϊע⣬ɽ֮ǰѻװ£ͷҲŶң˲Ų˿ʵݡ
磬һ֣ԶԶ㿴˵ʮʬ壬Ȼʮʬ壬һˣһ£ʬѰʲô
ƺǲˣһΣֵһȥ
ʦá
һûܿ壬һװϴʦãЩʬ壬ѵˣ


0081 ɱ
һ̣һĶˣһ³ֻ֣ǵŵʮʬ壬ŵĵӣһЩˣǰ
ߣ
һǰ߼ʧӰһ˲׷ȥǸӰֻܿӰദô꣬ῴʦãΪʲô
һ̣飬㼲׷ȥԭΪɵǻδɱģΪʲôڳֵ˻ʦãΪʲôԼܡܣʦôᣬܵģ
վס
һ˫ͨ죬ɲʩչ˼£׷ʮ׷ˣȻתʱȴ˶ԭء
ô㡭
˲ǧѣǻδ롣
׷Ұ죬ڲŷ𣿡δ뿴Цص
ȵȣ
һ̣һЩɫףۿΪʲôҪٰʦõӣЩɱģ
Ҽٰʦò٣Щˣɱ
Ѱʲô
ֻڹ۲Ǻϵ˿ڰˡ
Ц
һǲţֵΪּҾܣ
δ˿Цʱִ϶Щɱθ͵壿
Ҳˣ
һ䣬һӣһ˹ȥδУȴǰȡ
㣬ð֮Ҳ㣬Ȼȥ˻㣬ҽս֮ˣͬ㣡ϲϣ
ûңΡ
ãܺá
һָԽԽˣ֮ǰǶ˵ɱˣҲţĿãҪνͣڴɱ˸ɵˣɱŵˣٰʦã޻ʦá
ƨ
һ£δҲˣֻ۾ɱˣοһδҪɱˣҲɱˣ޻˭
ٺ١ɱˣһɱˣħŮ
˵˭ħŮ
ʲôҲ˵ˡ
һ̣һ䵽˼㣬һâɱɭȻ
ȥţûɱˣ˹ţԻỹף
ЦЩν캰ɱȥţһ׿ԣ
ҪҶ֡
һϵɱˣֳһƽδƽüͷһ壬ӣǰطǶʱôôԽԽɵˣȻЩν˼룬ֻһ˱ԽԽѡ
ǲߡ
һ䣬Ҳƶĺ˪һ㣬˲δǲȥģҪɱңձһɱ˺ˣ㣬ҲڲطǶˡ
Ҫҡ
һӺˣһɲǣδڸܵϵɱüͷһ壬Ѳģ˵һ֪ںѸɵأ

˵꣬һһƲֱܲľҷɣδһæȵֵһһ𣬾˫һ飬˫Ҳʮಽվ
ˡ
һһһ죬һ¸˳ȥ
ˣδ뼲һ˵Щɵˡ
ʲô˵
һǲɷ˵ȥδͣһ˲ǻֻ죬ǵĽ
ˣڤ粻飬ø˵ˣ
δ֪Ҳ˵ˣȥһŸɵԼҪⳤɽˣ˼ˣֳֻǻһ˲仯Զȥˡ
ߣûôף
һչɲҲ˲仯һâ׷ȥⳤɽ׷һһҹԲƣĺɫʱδ׷һƴһƴȫǺһһƽɢּȥ
˶˼ʮغϣأԲʤδü˵Щ˲ɱģ㾿Ҫſң
ٰʦõʲôǷҪ޻ʦãҪԣ
һ䣬˵ʱһ˹δ뼱æ˹סһƣɫصѵҾ˲һ𣿡
ãӦһˣ
㡭
δһʱʵôϻҲ𽥱ЩˣʲôħŮɽҪɱν׾١
ںڵûɱ𣿡
㡭
ȥţԣ
ûܣ
ִʮغϣδһƮһʯϣһ׷һһҹΪҴ򲻹㣬ǲǣ
ɱĳ飡עˣ
һһȫɲǼ䱻һâһƾ񣬿罣˲ϢֱɿƲɵ
㡭
δ˫üһҲ˼ˣ˫ֿٽ˸ӡ漴ָһ˳£һɫӡʱģǽδһƱ˳ȥ
һƴȥ˵Ǿ춯أֱɽʯѣ淭һֻеϢһϣһ˲䣬ѻʯһ㣬ֲ˲ɲǼ䵴Ȼ޴棡
˸شһ˲飬͵󵹷˳ȥһ·棬ҳһѺ

һɲǣһֻҲһѪӿ
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δܴ̲סһţҲҪģã˭֪ң˵գҲˣ뷴ҲˣԼþ뿪պһ˼ˣ˫һ㣬ԶƮȻȥˡ
Ůߣ
һסʹһ˲չɲ׷ȥΪִţһ̣ԼҲ֪ΪִţʶֻһԼɵħŮִ
һƣ
͵شȫԪһ˹ȥһƣǰһǿʮֹ
⣡
δ͵һ޷˶̵ʱڣڶζ֮ðնһСǵ֮£ҲҪشۼƽ˼ֻ͵תӲƾԼĹȥӡ
䣡
һ죬ֲ÷ԲĲľɽʯԱ飬δһѪǷвеƮ˳ȥ


0082 
ص棬δɫɷףһѪӿһҲ䵽˵棬Žһȥ
һ̣ʲô˱䣿˿̱˿еĽ۽ǵһᡣ
ճյЦˣȻƼˮ꣬鵭ˮôϵӣԭ˱ôԼǧ࣬ʹҵΣ֤һǰôΡ
Ҫɱô
˿̣·ҲˣŽһԼԼôɵɵһ̣һջع
ΪʲôҪɱˡ
ûκθ飬еĽҲһ䡣
ɱҰɡ
ճյЦЦ
ΪҲô
һһһȥǱĽǱˣȻڽʱڻͣҲͣˡ
᲻ɱңô
δۣЦˣһеĽϲϷĽХȻʼҲǰвһˡ
ְɣЩʦʦǱ𡣡˵գֱۡ

һĺϣһ˿Ѫ
ȥš
һ죬㷢Щ˲ɱģһӣһ
ҹĻᴹش˶˵ˣգһѽ뿪ʺ
δ۾ЦˣΪʲô֣㲻Щ˵ǲɱģǣ᲻á
סڣ
һ˫ͨ죬еĽأԲݣΪʲôħŮˣɱôˣɱʦֵܣȴ²֣Ϊʲô
һȥȻһƳۣȴƼɽվŵӰиˣһվ
δɫ䣬Ҳ˳Ŀ⳯ɽȥֻɽվһӰһĺɫãԵü죬˲Լͬȥ
ҹĻᴹһ˵ģ׷ƮƮӦһλߣֻӰΪЩϤ߽һЩʱڿ壬һ±ʧ˳ϣ
úˣѾˡ
δҲ˹ȥӺϵһˣһһѪҲδһɲǣ壬ԪҲˣˣǵ黯ɲ⡣
ϣϡôô
һЩǰŻ䣬ԼùǰĹվԼ壬һεϣԼȴһллҲδ˵
ʬ壡
δһ½סˣϸ˿ӣòŵɱַ࣬ǰȥʱ䲻ʱ׷һһҹˣЩ˲ɱİɣ
˿̣һ飬δɱˣѵԼĴˡǣ˭ɱˣ֮ǰЩһģһһħ˵ֶΣŸĽ
⽣ѵһҲûúϤҵʱұڼЩ˵˿ڣǰ˿ڣһģһ
δתɣ˾׼һɲԪ񣬳˲طȵĽֻС
˴ټ˵ȥˣָӲϵĽ˵ⲻǲطȵĽϸ˿ڡ
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һɲǣһ͵ظеһһ˲׹˱ĺ̶⽣˿ڣǡ
ӡµı｣δǽ֮ǰ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ܡ
һˣһɫɷףʹҹĻᴹҲɼ
ĺ⣬һϮֻҡͷܣʦ壬δ¹ɽ
δʦ壬޵һķҪأҲʲô¡
Ҫԣһ˫۵ʦôܻɱˣܣ޿ܣ
֪ʦɱˣǣϣ˭ʦı｣㣬ûбˡ
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һɲǣһ׹̶ҪݺԼ˭ôʦı｣ܷͽǷ²ģϺϵ˿ڣȷʵǱ｣ɡ
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δ뽫˹ϸ˿ǰӲסı飬ֻ˫ĿԲ΢΢ſƺ˵ʲôһҲδüⲻˡ
㿴ûǰ֮ǰһһҲ벻ˣϸǰı飬ǰֻоɫ޿ɫ˵ʱǰǸˣе־壬Ψеޱȵ𾪣Ϊû뵽Ȼῴˣˣǰһʶңһˡ
δ뻺ţתͷΪǰĻ˭ƶϵʱΣһɱˣǰ׷ˣȻתһ˲䣬㿴ʱ
˵˴ͣͣ㱾ΪʦãĽȴ֮ǰһ·ϣԺǰȫͬ㼸϶ʦãһɲ㿴ȴңˣǰͬһ·Ժﹹ˼ţ϶ĳˣյתʱǰŷһ·ĹȫˣԲŻ˸ӵı飬ԷҲδü㱻һˡ
˼ȵȡ
һһ죬߽ЩһЩ΢΢ص㿴ϵĿͣһʱ֮£ܷӦغԷ֣ͣ㿴ĸ֣
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ܡ
һҡͷʦܣܡ
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δ˵ͷּһΣ㲻أǶĳ˵ľˣһδǧ㣬һΣȴǴ󡣡˵գֻȻ̧ƣһһʲô
δתͷƽؿǸǰ壬ұȥ˿鷳
ȵȡ
һ˫ۿĿӣб಻ʤϴţϲ»ȥܷҲٰԼ壬磬ԼܽţҳɱѵҪʬҲȥ𡭡
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δ˵ţҪƴ£ȻʱɽϷȻһŮӵǹȻ±ߣ
ˡ
һʱһüʦˣ
δԥƱӵʬȥȻҲһ˲䣬һ̹顱һһ˳ȥ


0083 пѱ
˱ǵɳȥδҲ룬ֱһһһߣ㲻ǿߣסǣ
ݣ
ӰɽϷһŮӱ𣺡üʦ㣡ˣ
ֻϵʬ۾ˮüҲǻһɫˢһ±òҰֽδȥŮ
˿δ뾹ٴһȥһ㻹ߣ
һŴ˿ǰЩϤˣʦãʦ㣬ϵĵ񣬻нʦ
֪Ǵ˿˽ϳҲϴˣȴߣǰԼδ룬ˣڣǵԹԼһʱ뵽ػԼԼܹȥüʦͽʦΪͣԼһߣշﲻɡ
Ů
˫۲Ѫ˿һһɽһ±͹˹ɲǼ䣬ľҷɣɫŵĸδ뻹Ǵ˿лǻ֣εֵסһ
ۼһû˿أǶɣһԥ½Ųһչ˲ϴȥ
飡
ֻ죬һ˲䱻ƣһ𣬲⡱˻ȥ
һҹĻᴹ£ûǴðģҲûγеģǴ˿𾪵ģǶԷ񣬶ǶԷһۿལһ˲侫׼ƽ⣬˾˭ΪζལָƣʲôˣҲŮһģ
˿һƤߣȻϲʱȴǱ಻ѣʬδԼȴʲôҲ˵壬ڻҪʦǶ֣һΪ˻ػһħŮ
ߡ
һס˿бʹδһҪɽһȥ
ߣûôף
üмȱҷߣ㹥ȥĵǵУ£ֱøɽʯѡ
һֻͣ͵תʩԡ顱һŽüĹƵֵ
ȻǰҲ˴˿δ뱻˳ȥЦıѧԼͻ龳磬οֵܵһ
Ůӣ
һߵֻɽһߣ߰˵ӰЩȴǲطȵˣΪ׵ˣǴǰڶ׷ɱˣ׳̫
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һֻӵʬֻ۾ͨ죬վһɽ
ߡѵ˶ͬˣ໹ĵӣ໹ƽʱйܹӣĵǣһӴڵѽӵ˶ʦӲܲߡ
ӡ
׳̫ĿӺһתͷδָȥ߷ߵŮɱʦܣղˣǱʲôˣ뿪
˵գٿȻֽδǻƾŷǿһȻѾ֪Ҳ統ǰڲʲôˡ
һߣҲҪȥü⽫һ裬ѹʦڸܻħ֮ˣ㱣ǣȥ
˵գֻȥĵڲط֮ϣδܹסط˹ƣȴƵסĽ
һ״æǰ֧ԮüΪͣҲʮȴһͰ͵ƤߣĿʾˣ¼ȻɱˣΪβֳĿҿ㵽˭
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üĿҴнˣƬ̣ۼͲطȵҲһ֪ôȥˣһɵ˶ˣ⡣
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ˡ漫ķʽֻ׼ȷУ˶ʱ޷˹
һ̣һﱯԣüʦƽԼôãԼȴҪ֣Ȼü⣬ʶʮ־׼СģҪݷ˶Էֲ˶Է

ü壬ʱֻеȫһеĽҲס˳ȥһ˲䣬ȴɻ󣬸ոһɲǣƳԼ๦лشԼΪʲô
ʦ㣡
ƣҲһ˲üס˿ʹƴ˹ҲҪϵ߸ժһ˲䣬һʧ֮ʣ͵شɹɣһһץȥ
һССߣ˿ܳܵסһץ֮͡һ߻Ϊ飬һɲǣ˷㾲˶סˡ
ʦʦ磡
ѵһ˳ǰҲͣԭأ·ʯһ㡣
ߡˣҲȫסˣ뻨δ뽻սĲطǶˣҲͣ


0084 ֮
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һ̣ɽŰû˵˶ؿΪʲôΪʲôŮһΪʲôŮ
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ֽŽֱ۲ϲֻ۾ҲѪ˿ҧҸով͸뵽ˣལָƵˣ˭ء㣬˭ء
ңһҡͷʦңϲɱģҡ
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һֻŽֱֹͬҧΪʲôϴ㲻ţǰ壬ΪʲôҪɱ
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Сԭ㣡
׳̫Ҳվ˳߷ߵصСŮй֮£պñײСӲŮɱˣ
˵գ׳תͷü⿴ȥü⣬ڿСˣұ˵Сûĺɽ˻ˣٰ̻ŮʲôˣһɿˣѵŮ̵˭Ѿʲô£ٺٺ١ȻǸʦС
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ոաõʲôЩȥʦ˵ɡ
üͨ죬˵һ䣬ڴϻһ̣Ժ뵽˵ŴһĻ
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ȻһȣֻǧѺȻֳˮδ͹ʱ֣Ȼδлǻ֣֮ǰѾˣոطǶĲСˮǧһ㣿
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һɫһףһ˲ɹȥסǰѱԼˣ˿ٳܽʦһƣ

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˿̻̾Ůмȱҷߣף˫ĿԲϵȻǿһ
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̫˱ľһ𣬾˫˫󵹷˳ȥ˺Ȼ˵Ĺǰȣء

һһ˿ѪǰִܴĹ˴Ԫʩչľֻ۾ǽðͷתѾǰߵ·ˣȻǱŻδƴӴܡ
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ʱߺȻһһǿϢ˹ɲǼ䣬ƷɽȣϵĵУ
ˡ
һǿϢ֮£һ̸Ǹеͷؽᣬҡҡ׹
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׳̫һ漴ŷӦңСӸŮɱʦܣˣ
ܲˡ
˪һ˲㻯â׷ȥ˲ǱˣǲطȹİҲǲطȵġҡΪǺ׳̫ܱȡ

һ׷ȥһ𣬱ʩԲطȼͨ£˲佫ɽӳͨһɰɽʱǰ߶˳ȥ˵˴˿̾شȫʢʱҲҪҷ

ֺ飬üɫȻһ䣬ͽһͬȥȻ˵ĵУȵλطȵĶҡ
ǿֱֲһͻδȥۼһߣδȻһָһһĨѪüĵȥ
һɲǣһɫܣϮĽ׾ֵ⣬ֻδüĳһɫӡһɿֲҲͷӿ˳ȥԼһͳ·ڤʮԿ𣡡
ǡ
ɫһ䣬δܹ˹˼ߣ
䣡
һ죬Իδӿɢ˲佫ǡ֮׺ͽһ˲ɢΣĵУɿֲ֮ƵòϺˣ˵ֵվҲվȣ


0085 ɽѩ
ǡ
ֻƾĵУǵֵסɽ֮һ·ĵҲˡ
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׳̫˼״ɫ䣬ѸǰȻˣҲƵòϺˣЩĲطȵӸ۽Ѫ˿·Ҫһ֮
üûϵͻ䣬ԭֹһ֣糱ˮһӿҲòǰ
Ǽ˶֮ǿֲŭһӿ±ѣسݣ̳һ̼ܻٵɽȣ
δ
һҲһδڣ˿µһ⾿ʲôʲôˡ
ֻδɫɷףüĵӡ˸˸ȻѾʧˣټȥüͽԼߵҲǵԪشɣ
ǧһ֮ʣԶһ˿޵Ϣ˹һ˿Ϣ䲻ƸոʱǰϢȴһ֡޷ĸо
⡭
һɫһ䣬ֻɽϷȻһӰ˰ƮƮǳü£ɽһ㣬ϡ桱໹档
ֻ໹ָһӣâһһףʱ֯߳˹Ʋ۵âʵ򰵲Ϸֻ¡һɽѣδǹ֮ʱâסˡ

裬δɫһ±øӲ԰ˣȻȴδͣ£Ϻεȷǿڰâֱǵδ֮סˣǽҲѪ󵹷˳ȥ
δ
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ϡ
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һ
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СŮˣ
طȵҲ˻׳̫ЩɫոһĻ澪ղѣˣ׳߷ߵСͬŮɱ˸ɵˣˣô죿
໹Ӿϵ˿ڿһۣ޶ۣطȶλѣĪҪΪá
׳̫һ˵ʲôճĬǰλŵϣǿɲԴüͽǰ˵
ʱ˲طȵĶңҲͣ໹˵Ȼ̫˶ЩոյҲˣС˴Ůˡ
໹ĬȻһȥķòŵŶ⣬ĳϱ߿˹ɵĵѣλҪȥϣ
һ˵Ҳٶ˵ʲôˣϾλ֮һ˹֣ɽϱ߷ȥ
ҹĻɽϵĺҲУʹԽеˡ
ǴվԭأԺһŵģǼǰں߿⣬Լ˼ȴ˵ЦǸʦܣΪתۡ
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ЩɬҲ벻ͨŶ̶̼¶ѣΪʲôʦɱϣҲʦܻŮıɱôɵǰǾô£ʦŮһ𣬻ƴ
ô죿
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˻΢΢һϵ˼ɽϵգһѴŮߣóȻõȥ׷ֻԽӽƵ·ˣʱ鼱֮ʲôǾٲˡ
ʦڱչԾδˣȻȥɡ

ɽϷѩХһ֮ǱƴԪڻǳɹʩչˡ˲ǬŻδƬ⣬ѩɽ
ͨһ˫˫ѩıѩ¹Ϊ
δ
һסȫѵʹֽδץסˣȻҲݽߣƹأʱ֧ţ뻨δһͬѩɽ£ڱһʯ裬ǵɱԨˡ

һһѪӿɫǲ԰δ֮ǰƴðնСֱ໹һָش˿ͬ˿һӡߣΪβߡһ߻˵ţһָȥǵѪ
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һץţһֻ̣ѣһ˿ԪҲ᲻ˣȫһͨˣ˵±ЩߣѩɽϵҰޣҲܽ˺顣
ҡҡ
δ˫۰УЩϵˣ૵ġ䡭
أӵˡ
ء
δ˵һ䣬֧Ųס˹ȥһҪ˯šѡδѡ
ѩԽԽˣܿڶϸһĻѩδԽԽˣҲԽԽ΢һҧŬһһȥ
֨֨֨
̤ѩںҹҲΪÿһ϶ӡһĽӡȻʱֱķѩ
δô㲻Ҫ˯š
һŬǰУܹоԽԽ壬˶޷˹ѩ֮£ҵһɽҹǵ˫˫ɽϲɡ
ͨ
һ죬һһѩԵȥδʱѩɽ¹ȥһһæȥץסֲЩɱԨ
δû°ɣδ롭
һƴţδȴκϢԽԽ΢һĹˣֻٽ𣬼ǰѰȥҲ֪ѩ˶ãҼһɽ
ɽ治ǿɽϷѩһС䣬ȥЩ֦ľסڣŴӻһöŰ׹ʯǿճЩ
δо
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δˣ˫۰УʶȴʮģҲòסɫȥӲ԰ˡ
һ˹ȥٽӰʵʵЩ𣿡
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δǲϷƺƱȸոոˣһðˡ˵գᱧסˣȻһɲǣһɺʱˮϪҪ䳹ǣ
ô£
һɫȻһ䣬ŵؿ˿֮Ըе䣬Ϊĺ䣬ڡصһ֮


0086 ɺסѩ
䡭䡭
˿̱˽ţδֱ£ɫҲԽԽ԰ˣһţƱһ꺮һ㣬룬䣬Ȼʼ˺ӳȥ
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һǸеЩ˼ˣڣΪξ˿µһɺɺѰճˮϪ˹ҲƵֵס⺮֡
䣬Һ䡭
δ
һøˣȻҲֻǿĺ֣ڶɺҲ޷ģʱܹ˹ܽԼڵĴ֮ڣ޷˹ȴѰ졣
δס
һţҲ벻ףʲôˣ֮ǰ±ߣȻͷųһޱǿһ˿µĺʲôˡ
ԲҺ㡭û뵽Ū
˿δ˫۰Уǿ˼֣һţǴǰˣֵסֵסڵ֪֮ɺҪ˿̳ܵʹ࣬ȴҪʹࡣ
˵ס
һøˣ֮ܲԩѵǰŮģҲѵ֮ǰԼôص֣ԼˣŴ˿Ҳˡ
ò߹һҹķѩȴˣһȥ濴˿ʱ㼣ѱѩ񣬵ãطЩһʱԼˣδָܵʲôĥУ뿪
δЩ𣿡
һ۷ضδɫ԰ף΢΢ۣ˿ǡ׷𡭡
һҡҡͷڻûУҴ뿪һ˵ţһ߽ɽȥ
ѩ֮һһҹɽ޾֮ˣβߵóȥ
ͨһ죬һ²һƬѩˤȥæȥδ𣺡
ҡҡ
δԽԽˣ΢΢ҡ߲ȥġǵãӦҵĵ𡭡
˵ˣܴһܴȥ
һһҧֽҪڲˣһȥǽ߳ããѩɽҲ߲һĽ٣ֻγȥ캮ضѩɽǵʹƻָʹԽԽˡ
һһҹĿһؽһصѩɽޱ޾ããһƬûоͷ
δѣѡ߳ȥˣ㿴ǰɽѡ
δҲûκϢԽԽ΢֮ʱ
δ룬ѡ߳ȥˣѣҪ˯ţ㿴ǰˣˣѰ
һҲûã̽̽ıϢһ˿Ϣд棬ֻǲ֪ٳŶãããѩɽ߲ȥˣҲûȥˡ
ãȻ޴֮ʱϺȻһĺ֮һ̧ͷȥֻһֻɺڿɣʱһϲǰˣ
δ룡ѣˣδ롭
һ˼δɻԲѣĹˣѰһɽδ뱳ɽδԲѣֻԼһȥˣɺ׷ˣããѩɽѰ
˼ˣԥ½ڻδϣַʯͷڷסҰܽߡ
һУһŴҴܵɽ棬ɺ׻ͷ֣֣
ɺ׷һĺণǰȥһҪԼȥˣʱ㼲׷ȥȻɺ׷ڸ߿Уʱû˹׷ϣ
ۼɺ׿ɵûӰˣһ֣ȵңȵң
ɺҲͨһ㣬׷ַһণŷ˻ǰ
һ·ɽԽ룬һüζЩʧɱԨɺ״·ʹܿմ
ڣһʱɺ״һѩɽ߶ֻ±һϸһǧѵһɽѩǳڼ
̫ˣ
һϲѣѩδ˱оˣ˼ˣȲȥȻɺȴͻȻһĺণھʲôվȴһ
ֻһɳѩȻ±ߴһ˸ľѣ뵽䱦֮£ûػأߵвǳô죿
飡
һ죬һܣ㱻һβ͸˳ȥѩ߰˸ͣȫǾҪһ㣬۵졣
ֻ˫Ŀ̿µĹâȻһɽ˼ĴߣһȫʢʱܶԸܶù
ʱǸ߿еɺ׺Ȼһſ壬ɺױѰɺ״࣬Ҳɽ˼ޣɺסߣһ±ȥ
ֻѩŵ׹⣬Ĵʮӣֻл࣬ϧһǧĵرֻʱܳˣ¾ڼȴܲôˣһѱ㽫ѩժ
¡
Ҳһ˲䣬ѩɽһǴƬѩֱѩһ㣬淭ӿȥããأǻѩֲѡ
˫âʢŭɶ˹һ±㽫סˣһһʱֻ飬ȫǾϣۡһѪӿ˳
ڴѩ꣬Ϊıǵ죬֮»Ϊ飬˿ᡣ
һԽԽǵûΪһ̯Ѫⲻɣ˿Ѫӿǽץѩ֡
ʱɺ׺Ȼֳ˹һŬ֡۾
ɺҲͨԣžһ֮ʣ۾ȥɺҲЩУǴһģ䲻һ¾ϹҲʱʹѣֻɿһɺȥ
һһѸæԱ߹ȥɺ߲סߣʱþ뿪˼ˣչΣʱ·ȥ
һʱ󣬲ܻ֮ǰɽɺҲ˻ë䣬ͷϻմѪ֪ߵѪѪҲˡ
֣ллˡΣ
һû뵽زųɽ֮棬Ȼ飬ɽɺҲͨԣԼڶʳ
ɺֻΧ˵ȻҲܿ˵һֳԶˡ
һʧƲӰһֻɺףҲö࣬Ȼ뵽δ뻹ɽ֪ˣþϻȥ

עһ޵а޼㣬һһУǰУȻ֮ˣʮ޵ðУʶ޵вͬߵСߣʴˣеޣʵδеߡ


0087 ػ
صɽδδһ߹ȥ̽̽԰ѩСһԣδ
˺üδȻûһ˿Ӧһüô죿δں̫أɽѩѲô졭
˼޼ƣһüԽԽָ˹ڴ֮ڣô죿û취ˣֻ򵥵ķһˣϣѺĪ֡
˼ˣֻδüΪðˡ
һӹȥˣӹȥˣδ𽥻ָЩɫҲˣʱȴɵһæͷԱƫʲô
һˣҲɵһֻЩȣΣ¼һֱδѣǡ
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δʮ촽԰ףڵĺ޷ģˣҲǰװ׺ķĴ֮ˡ
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֪ιʣδǺȻһһ㶣תһ룬ϾǹңʹأԼͬЩ˵Ǹոա
δ˵꣬δҡҡͷȻǵ˵Ԫģ㲻ףǧҪոˡ
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ա
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δ뿴Ŷѩ죬ԼѩôǸɵСӣһֱ㣬㿴ô
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һһЦ㽫֮ǰɺ״ȥѰѩߵ˵ˣδ뿴ϵѪͷҺ㣬ι˴ҡ
ǡĳ㽫ѩóȥˡ
һһ˵ţһҪȥδһ죺㡭
һһЦתˣȽѩ˵
ֻѩһʮƬ꣬һ㣬ֻмǼδ죬Ѿˣʳá
ѩʱų죬ϧˡ
һһ̾뵽ʦԡ顱±߼꣬Ϊıǵѩ죬ɽԼȴΪ顱컯
ˣӣƻָˡ
һȥߣժһƬ꣬ݵδ봽ߣδ뿴˿ὫƬ꺬ڼƬ󣬹ȻЧʹԭɷ׵ӣ𽥻ָ
ˣɵľͷҲˣԼҲһЩ

һ˵ͷ޴󰭣ŷƬ꣬գ˽ѩʳϣԻָһЩȫʢʱڵĹѩ﷭ɽԽްˡ
ϵѾָòֻ࣬ǹָʱĴѩҲͣˣδߵڱߣ޾ѩɽΣ
һߵڣѩɽȻ֮󣬽ǸĳǣҲҪȥ壬Լȥ壬ֻ»ʦ֮֮
˵ɽұֿɣӴˡǷԺ󡭡Ҳٲĵˡ
δתЦЦǰջΪ˼Ҫת۾͡ٲˣȻ¼ӶƱô
ҡ
һһʱ侹˵ϻвЩգΪգԼǰǲ֪ħˣ֪ˣɱûɱˣħˣԹħһô£ѵԺҪԼŪѣҪʦٲſϰ
ˣͲ˵ġ
δһȥһԶӰҡͷһ̾Ҳȥ
ܽϵƻָòˣããһƬѩɽ޷βߵóȥ
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ɺŷȻȴֱ˻δߣһͷȥӣһֲؿڣ·ʮȵӡ
ۣƯĺ׶
δ׶ԣҲ̲סϲͷֻůڵˡ
һվԶͷԣǰԼսߣԼôΪģҲмֽˣڲԼȴδǰȣ
չգɽʲôɾˣһֻҲѧ̰ɫˡ
Сֹ֮ʱδתͷһۣ㺦˵˵ʲôء
˵ֺԡ
һͷ˹δһ㲻ˣ˫һ㣬ɺױϣһֻź׾
һɺױѰɺ״࣬ԳˣЦкִǳȥһ˵ţһҲҪϺױɺһţʱ߷˳ȥڵ˼ӺòǱ

δǱӣʱЦúϲ£ˣûո۸ңں׶Ҳ㣬׶ߣ
ɺ׷һУʱһæ׷ȥιιι֣Ҫôɫ尡ι
ȻɺѾʧƲˣһãȻĹˣƣǧɽĺѩһôȥ
˴Լһ㣬ɺײַ˻һɻˣϻ֣ЦҾ˵ֻǽġ
δߵҸոո׶˵ʱĹˣԺٸ۸ҵĻ
˲ˣˡһæҡ֣δߵɡ
һ˫һ㣬ԾϺױɺչƶϣѩɽҲˡ
һ룬飬ԼȫʢʱڣΡΡɰأ
ʱһȻЩˤȥ˫Ҳ֪ķţ˼ϮδҡҡλҲȣһֽץסˣιСĵ㣬ץˣˤȥû˾㡣
ŶŶ
һַϣֻŵϴĵ㣬˿߷裬һĳħˣǸöá
ţִ˸һħ˱ħˣ㵽ڻִԲôλȥʦ
δǰߣȴ֪˿Ժʲô˴Լʱֻɺ׷Ծ˼ѩɽǰ治ԶȻһٻȣֻǹˮػƽɫĺɾһ㡣
Ӵӣ쿴


0088 ۴˵
һعǰȻһɾĻȣҲһ㶣ѵǴ˵˶ҵɾվײԼҵˣԣǺִԼδģǡ
ɺ׷һУ̴Ŷȥɽ棬һŸܵ˵ŨŨ֮ǱɽҪŨ࣬ѵﵱǴ˵еɾ
ֻԶ羵ܷأ̺죬಻֪Ļ̵Ĺ´ܣ»¹ӡ
һʱ䣬һЩˣ־Щԣ˵ɾǿ磬½ػɾ֮ۡԡͨɽ磬ôҲǴ˵ɾ
ҷ֮ˣҵɾҲܽȥΪɺױԼδˣԲԣﲢɾӦǰ˭صһôƺδ˷֡
˭һɽ
ɻȻɺһһɽ˳ȥδæ׶ˣ
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ߡ
δһߣǰȥˣһں棬Ŵ˴ˮٻţȺһ̣Ϊξһֵĸоʶֻص

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δǰľֽˣԼüιʲôǲһԶֶš
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δῴһۣ˼࣬аڵǡߡ
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ħŮôʲô
ˡ
һѯˣĿ˹֮ǰʳɽѩԵʣټӴ˹棬ҪָѣһʹΪȶ飬ҲãΣԿܷԪӤ£ʱ˵ɡ
ʱȥ£Ҳɺ׻Ϊ˹ԵʣһѾָòֻ࣬ʱƺֻδһֱûģ֪⻨ѰЩʲô
˹Ѷ޷⴫ݣ˴Ѷһʣаٻҷ磬һȥɽ棬Щסڶߵɽδסߵɽмһϣš
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ʱŮһתȥˣЩΣ˭Ҫ͵ˣֻǺ棬Щûúûָʲô
δЦһ˹Ц֪𣿡
һֹȻеİٻӣֲһ䱾ˣκħͬԺ˼֮ʣδȻǰȥˣЦ紺ţ
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һһ㵣ʵǾ᲻ѣһһЩħ֮ħˣŵӣȴһ֣ħͬ˿̣ɶһķ


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һԼӯӯ˵Цݣ˵ʢİٻҲ·Ϊ˳ĽԽԽĵۣüͷһ壬˦ȥ
δ˸ոջúõģϲŭ޳Ƶǰȥüιôոջúõġ
ܰ㣬һԽԽһ˦䣬ֱȥ
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δһ˱㼴ˮȥֻˮһʯʯߣԽߣ·Խͷеˮ洫

δȻеͷһΣȥһ״Ƹæסôˣ
δŶͷɫһ±Щ԰ˣĵؿһۣߵ˵ħͬΪδ˿ҪңɲôģƭԼ
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һĻһסˣˣˣЩʲô
δȻת˫ӨӨȴ¶Цݣȣۡµġ
ۣ
һǻһܿ˿ѵĻȣǵ£
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һһ죬Щʰ쵵ĺʶոЩ֣δģҲֱܷһЩΪһѹʵŮӶдĸŮܹ˼ܵġ
δдЦǰһλġ˴ĿڵһħŮӡ
ħŮӣ
һǸе𾪲ѣǰ䣬ʲôħŮһһɺԣ
ֵͣͣҵ˵˽ǰһλŮйһ飬ɵʱս²ϣΪݣն˱һȴ˵ʲôħŮӣֱһɺԣ
δЦЦ㲻ţãұš˴Ȼһ˹ڴȥ
顱һڶʱķѣһһֻ棬Ȼһ


0090 
ŵ׹⣬ȴһһ㣬Ѱ֮
һסˣոܵһ˿Ϣԭ̲Ϸʲô
δһЦǶֱϣֻЦԻǵλħŮӵġ
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һһɺԣδ֪ţΪʱãȡ֮컯鱦񡯣Եʱ䡮̲صķеġ컯ȻֻλħŮӲܷӳ
Խ˵似һһţЩĿΪΣۣģ
δһЦٿ˵գָӡֻʱų˵׹⡣
һƬĻ֮УȻ֣ЩֶǹŴ֣еһʶеĲʶȷǣЩ֣һķѷʲôħ顣
ȻˣȻˡ
һ̣δϲ֣ҵˣϧϧԭδһֱԭԭ
һȻħһһҲˣԭһֱҵĶʲôϧǰ۴ΪľҲԲڸɲѰңȻȴû뵽ľһֱأꡣ
֪˶ãδһżĲƽתΣڿˣһͨٻգϧǿκκƣλħŮ̫أ۲Ž˾ڿ˵ĻˣϲǸˣλŮλġλħŮӡ
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һҪˣﱣء£½ɣӴǷ
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δȻֽסˣ˶˵ɱ˸ɵˣȥ
ĳҲȥ壬Щ޹ˡ
һ˵ţȥδ׷˳ȵȣδ˵ֻ꣬һһɫɽѵݵǰ
â²һյô˷ľǹ컯ĳ̴֪˷˼Ϊ߽棬飡
˵գһɽһΣȥˣ˶ɽתڶпȥһΣδȴû׷ˡ
˶Ҫɱ㣬һȥɾһ㰲ٻˣĳһУҳĻףٳգδء
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ڵΣ绨δԣڻʮֲȫԵȴ˴η粨ƽϢٻȥڼ㰵еǱĲˡ
ڵβֹۣҲ˵ܷǱףһȥǵŵսʦǶ۵ѹ
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صҶɨ̨ϵҶһһ̨ȥϤĵط뿪һ겻̤ǧ̨ϣȴޱȵĳأÿһ··ֶǧֱ֮ɨصӿˡ
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ֻһЩ˶ŭǴ໹ü˻׶ɽµһĻĻû뵽һȻΪ̻ŮԼλʦ֪ʩʲôаüڴЩܷɣԪش
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صҶƮҹȴɨصǸˡ
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Щ˿̻˼һҡͷЦЦûʲôҹʦȥɡ


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ٹգһˣԼ£Ȼ󣬵£ѾˡԼ¡ķ룬ʮɵ˱ɱвٵ׷ɽʱҲɱ
ֻŮһ˻ãǣȥˣǱʲôˣӵͽܣ֮ǰŻùһˡ
һ£һʯɽ񰵳ӿԪŵأܲ䶯
ϰбң䴵˿ǲȥòֵʦܣ㣬֪Щˣϣɱǡ
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΢΢һ¹µӣȥֶ˼ֲ԰ף૵Ϊʲô
˴ֻҡͷʦܣһЩɣʼħ̵ˣγô飬ʦֻҪϻͷϴָϳɱˣʦ޹أʱϺ⼸λϱʦܣʦȻ
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ոպǾ仰û˵ڣȴǡĳطЩһ㡱
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ʣֻ۾ˮΪʲôʦܻ˵Ĺִ

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ԣһԳһЦԭüʦҹǰҲͬʦһȰԼָϳδԴȫ
üʦ㻹ǲǵãţ˵ħĲͬʲô˵ǵҪˣҪɼ
˴һͣһ̧ͷ£˵֪Щ˲δɱɽȴΪ˱ȫԼ˵ɱЩˡȻյԱȫѵ˶ħ𣿡
תͷü⣬Цˡ·λ࣬顣
üҲһ̵ˣǴǰǸƤĵӡ
á
ü˵ͷ֪Ȱ˵ã֪ҪȫһӣҲȥ󣬵ź͸ɵˣһֻܿ컯ˡ
һؽ٣Ľ٣ҲʦõĽ١
ҹֳ˼֡
ļ¹⽥ˣÿÿҹʱ֣紵һģģܿһӰʦȴֲ
ʦô
ѱ޷뿪ƬȻʵʱ򣬷·ʲôҲûУֻҪ˱߽磬ܻһʹࡣ
һΣǰҹһǵӰ·̾Ϣһգۼ䣬ʧӰǴδ
ʱ̣ʱˣʱʱѼ尾ģÿһ̣ǹȥһôá
֮ˣ༸λϣŵİ˹ϣԼŸɵҲǰᣬţҲиԤ
ЩģÿҪ˴ɳɳصҶƮ̨ɪ䡣
ٽʱ˶׷׽ˣһԾɱεھ޽£һȥ࣬һͷڼǱҲһȦɫĺҲ·Ȼࡣ
ʦܡ
Զߵ˼㲵ģﶼǱݺһ£죬ΰġ
໹桢ԨϡüϡϡҲһ絽ˣֻǽŻ󣬳ǳʧأҲָܳԤԽգֻվ
棬Դӵչ֮󣬱һֱδҲʼûг֣죬·ûг֡
ʦҲʧ˰ɡ
һпЦ̧ͷʱֻɵŶ̨ˣ֮⣬ŵĲˣΪ׵ģǡǬ뿲λϡ


0093 ϣ
λϣǰһȻҲİֻû뵽޳ټʱԼ
ǬԪϺǳҲû뵽ǰǸһ˵ˣȴ
֮ɵҲˣŵšӡһɫֳַۣɷǣΪɲ⣬ʹһδ˿һ۱ҲƳˡ
طȵĹ˫ü棬Ϣز¶ΪҲ뻯ȴǱԱߵİòط治¶
ȻһҲδǴ˿̣ȻҲһ۾ϳˣطܹ֮ǰģ˹˭أܹһΪ֮ˣ˲ط󣬻˭أ
۵ƽˡӡҲˣһΣ˵ɵԵһЩҲˣɵӵˡ
Ƭ̺˶ˣ̨ϵҲһ±ΪţɵųҲĬֱúǬԪϲſڵһм⣬ʵش𡣡
һ̧ͷһɫȻƽˮʡ
áǬԪɣһ⣬㣬ǷʶħŮδ룿
ŴһɲٵӶСʵڴ֮ǰǶҲֻǵ;˵˵һŮȾʦţʵǸûȻȴҲơ
ҥԱ˱һȺ޴֮ɢģֻɿ𣬱ܽЩŪڹ֮䣬á
˿Ⱥ֮СһȴĬϼ˼ΣȻһȣ˵ʶǲʶ
ͻһȣǰ治ٵҲһ߼˸Ǽֱţ⼸Ϸڽʦ·ϱƣ֮£ܻش˵ʶʦ˵ʶҲϣҲĿ֮³ԼʶħŮõöࡣ
ֻһ̧ͷǬԪϣص֪Եġʶָʶָһ֮ԵƼˮ꣬ǸεյĪֻ֮Ƽˮ꣬ôȷʵʶ
Ŵһ治ٵַ׷Բ˵ħŮôֳƼˮˣ
ԶüҲ˿һشҲϣǲеͨģΪɽ£طȵѾˣֱӻشʶǽ¾Ͳˡ
һ𽥰ǬԪϽʵ⻨δ룬Ǻʱʶģʵ
仰ʳ𽥱ý˵ʶϣǿɾͲˡ
һֻ̣һ治ɫĸǰʱ³ұǴţȴ;пһɽ롭
£㽫Ǵζٵʵ˵˳еͷеĴҡͷԣô˷ǳ֪ˣδ̫ơ
м٣ô˱ʶˣȻıȥɵ٣Ǻıȥɵ٣ΪκһִŮȥ٣δЩ̫۸ˡ
ȺĪһ֮ʱɵվ˳û³ʧԣ³죬ǻδǰ٣µǲ١
һԣȺַ׷˵һδ˵ٻˣһ̣ǣ
һ䡰ǡ˵Ŀֶ˻ȥֻ뻨δϵУάڴŮγȰǵвˣ
ʲô
Ŵһ˶˿һĻһ⻨δʶˣᴦάŮأ
һһЦһɣвɫؼʱȴݺݴһȻ̾ӣ˵ǿɷţյľ˵
λϣȰ㣬ŵӣŮħˣһ䣿
Ц
һһ䣺ʱǸ֪ݣҲ֪ݣ˵ħŮħŮҾӦýǴɱˣħŮأ֮Уɲ׽Ӱħкηֱ𣡡
һ˵Դ񣬵ǽһʱ̴ϻˣ֮ǰȷʵҶ϶δݡ
ʱһ𣺡һϷҲݹˣҲˣʲôҪ˵𣿡
˵֮˲Ǳˣȴǲطȵĺ׳죬ֻվܸɵŹ˹֣ӿȥѣ֪ΪεʱάŮ𣿡
ŶһУۺ룬ĵ֪طλѣкμ⡣
׳һЦȻָһһָȥΪˣǰʶˣ
ʲô
һ£ԾѵһħŮʶѳ֮ãڼ䣬ɵĶܶŮ⡭δ̫ˣѵ˾Ѱгıꣿ
һΣŵҲɫֻȻվ˳ָź׳Ҫڴ˺ԣһȥɽ֮ǰһֱδǴɽǻδʶҲһ꣬һ˵ֱУ
Сٺ٣
ֻ׳һЦԶ̫ȥʦ֣ʱգŮҪɱڣҲ˵ˣ˵˵ǰŻ󲻾ãڶʱСŮʲô£
ŴһȺ۲ˣǰǰŻ䡣
üҲһ̱ɫˣǴȥ٣Ե޹λȻһɢˣѵʱ뻨δʶ𣿿Ϊ˵ڽ¶ʶģ


0094 £
׳ٴЦôλĪǲţ
һ̣ԭ۲ֹȺͻȻǴŻ䣬ǵʱڳһЩ˺뵽һʱһʮֵĹ򣬺˵ŵĽԪľʱûȥ׷ˡ
ǵʱطȵִ˵ⲢڵĹǸ¹̨ʱҲ˵ˣڳ֮Уһħ̼ϸѲɵʱָ̨һ
ѵʱ̨ѾòˣȴȻ֪ģһҲòɲˣ
һΣֻһ֪ŮԻ⻹пԭһʼʹĿǱ棬ǾͲˣҲҪǣȥˡ
һʱ䣬̨Ȼùˣ¹ش˶ղǰˡ
ŮԻʦš͡һʼͳıǱ¿ƽһȴ֮𣬾ۣǰпɾ߱ص
˿˵ŵλҲޱˣһ׳̫˿ȥ治ɫԴʣλʦ˵ǰڶٰδʲô£绹λʦ壬ԭԭ˵
һΣҲ׳˿ȥôˣδǰٵ顣
ܶĿ⣬̫򶨣׳ȴЩ֪ˣһǵͨ죬֪Բѡ
һЦЦȻλʦ岻ǵˣôɵתһµʱ·ɡ
£㽫Ǵζٵԭԭ˵˳̫Ѫɱˣ֮󣬲ɵ˾һײֶΣħкβͬ
ɫҲȥֻһȣд£
һʱѺ׳˸ĵѣæعȷд£ֻǵʱʱʦ֪ǸžСŮٰ磬ʦֲֳûаֹ˼ɣɱµħŮ
λǶˣ
Ŀⲻ䣬ԵĲյԹħ·飬֮˹ħҲ޿ɷ顣
Χ˵һȴһЦطȸǲмˣɱˣѵøɸɾǡ
òطѵɣԭˣǵӻһ²λʦ󡣡
ֽĿϣֻȥʱλʦײʱвɵǰҲڣȻλʦ϶ǽСšħŮΪεʱȴֲ˵أ
⡭
вֿʼС׳˱亹乣ǵʱʵͲ֪Էʲôˣ֪ˣǻ궼ŷˣݰȥ
һһЦȻλʦ϶λšħˣΪκʦλʦȴǺһˣĪǣλʦй
һΧȺһ°˵仰δе㲻ƺ˵ȷȿ̫˷ӦΡ
ֻ׳һ֧֧˵㷴֮ʱȻһɳǺ͸˽˴ͷŴ˸ɺ⣬ûбˣΨ
ֻ̨һùϣƮƮңһ֧ǱˣǷ绪ӡ
ʦʦ
ڼʦˣһ̣һȴζӳ£һһ꣬ʱ˹⾰Ŷ̶һ꣬Ϊξ˶¡
ֻվϣƮƮʳ˼̻ӣҲնĿʼ䲻ȣԴκ˶һ·û˳κһ˿ǣ
գΪҪˣ
ʦ
һʣͷȻ˿ǧֵʦ˵Լȷʵû뻨δɱɵˣ¾ȫµ˶ԼʦһԼ
ɽ£ԼѾ֪˻δݣȴȴΪ˱λʦ֣Щüʦ
ʦһʹħˣԼһһʧɡ
˿ΪͻȻղ֪ǻˣǸΪˣǸո˫ִݵĶԴһ̿ƺѾûκ塣
׳̫˻˻ȥҲˣʣλųϣǬԪ˼Ƭ̣һӶȥ˵㵱ʱ֪λšݡ
ǡ
Ϊʦĵ˿һиӼᶨˣʦڣûܹԩû˵ѣȻҲ׳̫ǶһŻš
ǬԪϼᶨûһ˿˸ʵȥʮ£ɲʧԣ֪ƽɽǼٰ֮˵ݡ
һʵǲ֪ǬԪµʱ֪񣬻֪񣿡
ǳ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵˵ʱкβͬ
һʱӲ֪ݣλҲѾ֪ƽɽٰĳˣǻδ롣
ƶ֤¡
ʱһµ˳˵ʱŲʧԣȷʵ汾Ѱأоرɲ˶ۼʱսˣҲȷʵƶ
ûȷʵѰز顭
ɲ˶ͷӦҲ˱ųĬۏ˻ˮ
ʱȻصλδʵλҲδ飬ħ˹ƶˣλ֪ⲻħ̵һı
⡭
ŴԺֶ˳Ĭ˻ȥǵܶһ񼴱㲻ʲôҲᷴҧһڣ龿ΣҲҡ
ΧǬԪһȥԣʱȷʵ֪δݣڽ£˵뻨δʶǸʱѾ֪δݣ
ֽý˿һÿһش𣬶غԼ˵κһ֡
ô㻹Ҫټ˼ô˵
ֺȻһȣǲټ˼ȥˣֻһҡҡͷʱĳ֪ͬδݡ
̨˳ĬǬԪ˼Ƭֵ̣ãҲԣ³ˣ뻨δ뽫̫֮ȥ
һʱٻغұδֿˡ
ŶǬԪĿ΢ʵ˵㵱ʱûһ𣬿֮£Ϊûлţ
һԴǣ˵Ϊʱɴ˻ʦ𷣣û̻ɡ
ŴԣֿʼСƺҲ˵ͨϣƮƮʼվֹˮûһ˿
ǬԪʵ˭֤£û뻨δһ𣿡
˵Ŀ⣬ٴתƵһϣѾ϶£δΪɲ飬ɱ˲ˣΪǻδɱ
Դ˿̣ܹ֤һδ뻨δһĻôʵˣΪɽ£˼뻨δһġ
˿˵Ŀⶼϣֻһҡҡͷ֤


0095 һ˷
̨һ˲ˣԶߵˣһļţʦһû˵ٻɹʲôã֤ݲһйؼڡ
á
ǬԪ΢΢ͷʵϸ£Ҳإ죬Ϊλ뻨δһ𣿡
ʱ
һۣʱ˵˳ǰһ죬ڳɽʱҲΪɱ˸ɵˣ׷һһҹֱżȻϵʬȥֻʱԲɱˡ
ֶ֮׷
Զ˶Ĭԭôô죬һƴĻػδ룬ƴĽ͡ϸʱȷʵˣһӣ˻δ룬ֽδ˵Ļô֪ʵ֮ΣҲһػδġ
üҪǰͣȻһʦ㣬ȵȣ
ʦܣ㲻һ𣿡üת㶵Ŀ
ҡҡͷһǴ´۸ӣȹ۲Ƭ˵˴ѹʱطȵҲڣǱض˵ʦ㻹𣿲طȵˣҪһ
̨ϣǬԪһ̧ʾⰲֵ㵱ʱΪͻȻȥأ
һΪʱഫԣ˵ɱ˸ɵˣʦǷأǰһ̽
ǬԪϵ裬ȥأΪ뻨δϣû֤ݣ֤֤費
Ⱥһ°߼ʦȥأôǻδϣֱ޻̸֮
ǬԪȥλܹ֤費˵
ҡһʱҪ֤
˵ĿƵһϣֻҡҡͷֵ֤ǳϿܹ֤ȥأΪ뻨δϣ
ƾإ죬һ𣡡һָȻ
̨ܹ
һǬԪǳϵ˿ȥС֪ʦλʦܣкμ⣿
˳ĬƬ̺ŵ˵ͷѾʲô
ǬԪջĿ⣬һȥԣܹ֤إ죬뻨δһ𣬲Լݱȴ֤ȷ䣬кλ˵
˶Ĭһۣĳؼ䣬ҵڶʦ죬ڵأˣֹġ
á
ǬԪ΢΢ͷڣΪŵһģվߣΪħŮδ룬ıɱ֮˵ģվұߡ
ɵ˱˴˶ӣղطȵˣұȥ۵ˣֻһ䣺ħ˻룡˵գҲұȥطȵһۡ
Ȼŵˣ˻㽻ãµҲòֻʱգȻչδ󣬲ݰֲ˵գֻһ̾Ҳұȥ
Ĵɶѡվһߣһ򣬸Ÿɵ˾վұȥˣѾʼΨļɣվԭû
һߵΣüļ٣æҿ֤
ŶǬԪȥ΢΢һ̧֣˵޷
üҿ֤һ԰ʦ£һֱѭ浸أƷжδκһΥ֮£ֻᣬ֮壬ɽ£Ứδ룬ֽδˣ˻Σʶűλǰ㣬ħŮᡭ
üʦ
һ̧ͷŴ˿ü⽹ذٰԼ⣬ǾǴ˿̣ȴһҲ
ֻüվұЩ˿ȥ˽Ǹ˽⣬˶϶ɱˣϣħк죿ǸͲɱˡüȻЩˣɱ
ʦã
һأȴлشסˣټ˵ȥˣԱ߽ɫֻ࣬ǲҡͷ̾
üʦ
һҲɬֻ۾Ҳ̨紵ˡ
Ⱥ˳ĬǬԪϵü⣬㷽ԣֻƲ⣬ܳΪ֤ݣС
ȵȡ
ʱֻһŮѭȥֻվ֮ϣƮƮһ칬ӡ
ŻȻ˼ʦѵʦҪͽܵ
ǬԪȥӣ˵޷
޲䵭صҵĵӣ˵գָһһâǿյ˵ߴȥ顱һʱһۼ
⡭
˽һһǿǴšһ˷֮Ȩ
ΪһʦҲûȨȴУ˿վұߵЩˣҲȫ֤һ⡰һ˷
ǣһ˷Ҳܴһֻð죬ֱ֤һ
һ˷ȻóˣôǵͬԼҲ˩ͽϣһһҲͬһܵεȳͷҲһе
ʦá
һΣҲסˣʵ벻ףΪʦþáһ˷ȫͽΪð֮踣ҲҪػͽ
ڤ˼룬ʼվﲻԣٹüͽɫҲЩ֣һǺʦôӲͽΪξͻȻţϧЩԼɣԼʦ֣кܶ鶼֪
Զ໹濴Ŵ˿ֹˮӣҡͷһ̾
̨ϣ˶ĬǴ˿վǧ˵ұȥҲûáǬԪϵ˰պ󡣡
˷׷£޹¾Ҫʥˡ
ﲻ࣬һһ̹⣬ķȥˡһ̧ͷʧıӰеģֻǿɬ
պ󣬱ȻȽոӼң϶һĸŸɣҲȻҳ֤

һ޹⣬̨ģֻ
һŵӰ涣ٹ죬ˣδϵˣҲ˰ɡ
һһԼûˣ˼ˡ
ɬһЦһԶȥʱܿλǰ̼ǵԼľʱ龰ǵȳ뻯裬Լ²ܴﵽ

̾һǵ裬ԼһҲﲻ˰ɣպ󣬸ɵ϶Լ»Ҫʦʦ
ɳɳ
صҶȴǣһ˻ĽŲһɬЦʦãˡ
ʦ硭
ҹĻ£ǧѵӰֻҹ޹⣬Ҳ˿ϵģ


0096 
ǧ߽ˣﻹһƣղˣһЦôʦýҹеôҲãһˡ
㡭
ǧüͷһ壬ɵ̾ѾкЩûԶ˰ɡ
һ˿ȴʳ·ˣһƣȴζѵ˵Ҳңô

ǧҡҡͷһ߻ƣһߵʦ磬ǣҲǸŮЩˣһɱġ
˴ֻ̧ͷʦ磬㲻ҪһٴˣʦǶڻػ㣬ֻҪָϳŮɱˣǣŮڲδʱû£ֻ˼ˡ
ǡ
һЦЦ˶ҪɱƫƫֻһػǲҲãҺɵ
ûǺɵ
ѿҲЩɬˣħˣǰ֪֪ˣȴ˻ػǴˡ
ʲôǶԣ
һΣһȻ̧ͷĿһؿûȴδɱˣʲôڣ¼˶ҪɱطˣմѪΪʲôǾܺúõվ˵Ƕô˵һ㣬һбǶԣħһжǴôһдô
ʦʦ硭
Ҳⷬ˵סˣЩһЩˣǴ治Ϊʲôɽ⣬Ǳһˡ
ʦãǲҲôã
ҡ
ѵͷ˵ˣһɬһЦֵ׷ɽ棬ϵʬ󣬲֪Լδպң󣬵һʱ뿪
ѵ֪δƭ㣿һֱϷƭأ
ѵϣҲƭ𣿡
㡭ʲô˼
ˣʦãȥɡ
һ̧ͷīաࣿ྿ʲôŲ׵ıҹհɡ
ʱ䣬ת˲š
ٴ̨ձǰҪˣλųãȫǬԪϲŵһǲħŮδɱˣ
һޱ飬ص´δɱˣγϡ
̨˵طȶȻһЦ㵱ǲײĲᣬɽ£ŮһΪƾʲôᣬ֣ѵøɸɾ֪ħŮȴ̻ǰ֣һԶ
һΧǰԲû֤֤һħŮɱˣƾħŮ뿪һ㣬ԶˣֻǰǷȥΪ֮
ղյص֪λɷ񻹼ǵãǰŻ䣬µҹһԡ
ǰŻһĳ֮սڳ֮ˣȻǵһԵļңһóĹȥȷʵЩа죬ŵѾ֤ˣŽԪľطȴᣬ֪Ǻ⣿
ֻŲյɫԵʮֵȻݣµҹ֮ʱȴڲһһ˾ʮа죬֮еɵʱطȼܣ׷£˵طΣԵұҲδˡ
Ŵԣ˶ʱһõĹȷʵħĹԪľֻӲô¡
ʱʵ֪֮Σ
󵭵ʱ꣬һʹħԪľ´ֻӲ֤ˡȻɲɣҲ޶֤ˣ죬һħŮȴָպӵ֮ر˷֣δ⣬ȴҲ̫ɺˡ
⡭⣡
һ̣˶һȥĿﾡǺȻ֮ɫѵǴɱڣħŮɱˣ
ۼ̬ʧأü⼱λ侲˴ȥ˵һУֻĸ˲²⣬֤֤ܵ
ûֻĳĲ²⣬ʵΣҪʹλˡ
Ŀ⵭Ȼ˴ȻĲյſȥʵʢԽΪޣλã½˿ɳƵһ
ŴһŶЩټ䳤ֻ۽ĻطԽʶ£İطڼµһĻǻк˸ҳԼһ
Դ˿ʱ˹ά۽ĻºźܼطȣµһȻǲطĪˡ
˵֮ǸµİˣȥҲҲλԲӡ
Īǻб֮ˣ
ǰһʱͷԣ˴˿ҲЩ⣬һΪ𽣷ˣ
ֻ۽ӵġʮر｣˫ڴˣθҳƵһ
ֻ΢΢̧ƣԶĬȥվԶʱ޲
ŻȻ֮Ǵδı｣곤һߣΪ𺳡
ǰħɴʱı｣侪ˣֻһ߶֪߲࣬ı｣⡰µһţǺ˵ĽԳƵһ
һ̣˶ڵͷ̨ۣмľ޽£һ亹乣вȻһжδ˵ˣԼҪα壿
Ⱥ･ֶȥ뵽ʲôˣȴǲ֪Ȼὣʲô
λųһɫҲΪأƺѾµҪʲôˣڴ֮ǰҲʬЩ˵򣬲ûֻƾ޾ݣвҶ϶ѣϾǣ̫
˿Ŀ⵭Ȼ΢һ̧֣İ̫ˣʦܵʬɡ
ʱ̫ͺ׳̧һڱףȣʬΨзǧ꺮ףܵ档
ֻǱ溮ƣδȥһֻۣס
̫пȥ¶һģ֪ٴʦܣΪʦҳףʦһԸοʦܾȪ֮£Ϊ֮Ī֣
˵գֻһƿ׸ǣǱ棬ɫѷף˫Ծôģֻ۾Ѫ˿ѾϺɫȥֲѣϵһҲѷϣûһѪ
λ˾ϵһǷ֮˾ϵ˿ڣһģһֺ


0097 
⡭
һʼŻЩԥɣҲǹпȥֻྱϵĽˣԼ룬ңƽƽȿȶʮ־׼ûһѪ
ûãžɫһ䣺⡭ȻȻһģһĽ
һ£̨˶˹λҲվﾡɻ
Ǳ߼λϣɫЩÿֱãȺŽһ̣˵ĿⶼһϣһΣĿȴǳɱ
ΣӰһ壬˽ֻӡʮر｣һܰ쵽ɣλ˿ڣǷǱ｣Ľˡ
ŴһȺˣԶȥĿﾡǲŵɫ
ۼ̬ʧأŭҪ˵ƾһˣܶ϶ʦõı｣ɣҿطȵĽҲδزȽˣ
󵭵ҲطȵĽ޷˽ˣοα죬ͽȴٲˡ
˵˴ԶȥӹһۣҿǷǱ｣µĽˡ
Ⱥ̰˶ȥֻվԭأûа仯üˣ˿̿ȥżࡣ
Ŀ˻һۣԴӵĵУϢһɱࡢȵеĸ֣ûпܣǱ｣һ
˵˴໹濴ȥĳһʣµӳϣϵһǷһģһ
һ˵ĿֿתƵ໹ϣһ̣ǺȻ֮ɫ֤ʵӵҲǱ｣£ôһҲѲˡ˵ʱڳҵʬʱʱһħŮȴڳɺϣ֤ȷ䣡
λɫ໹治˵֪ɷϣҲӵʬƳ
ˡ
໹ڿˣţΪϾһȷʵྱϵһģһͬһѽͬһˣͬһ
⡭Ȼô
̨ɫΪ֮һ䣬һȥĿеǷŭеϧеɱ
㣬΢˵˵ˣǺεȽ¡
໹Ϊ֮һϣ˳áʵ˿̵ĻţĿ֮£м١
ֻһָֻһַֻǰȷʵʦõı｣
ʲô
һ£ǵŸɵ˱ɫ˵ɫǶȻ䣬˵仰пɲţ仰ȴǴ໹˵Ǳ޼٣
ȻҪı仰໹˵ȴ˵Ч
ϣôܣôܣǲŪˣôᣬôᡭ
üɫҰף˵ҲЩ״ˣ˿˵ԿԲ´ƫƫ໹治ܣȻ˵Ǳ｣һǱ｣
ȺþƽϢ·һκˣ˭ܹţ
˵ˣĬĬλϣֱֶߵĲ豭׳ȴһһָȥһ֤ȷ䣬㻹кλ˵
һȻһЦ˵ˣһʲô˵ġ
ϡϣ
ֻûס˫ĿԲ뷢ţֻ޲һƽһ飬Աüҡҡͷѹʦܣ´˴Ρ
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⡭üϳһ̾˵ˡ
ޣСȻħ̹ᣬǰţǰάȻΪڣɱˣĶһնˣ£
˿ŭƽ̨мƽҪԼʦֵܱǻλųѾֽ˽ȥ

ֵʱ̣Ȼһȣ˶˻ȥֻǬԪλϣһתͷԶȥӣĵӣʲôҪ˵ġ
˿޲ֻǾһȥشΪʦӺ࣬ǷΪɱ
˶ĬȻһתʦȥɬʦҲ𡭡
һֻδﵽɽ棬ϵʬǸʱѾȥʱʱδڲ쿴ϵ˿ڣüʦǾˡ
˿ȥλˡ
Ц
һɱˣ֤ȷ䣬Ҫ˵ûɱˣûɱˣЦ
֪λɷһԡ
ʱ໹ǰһǱ｣Դ˽ɱ֮ˣȴδؼһһˡ
ַĲ豭ϵ˼ǻ｣֮ˣͽˡ
໹²ԣǾ޿ܣֻרһʽһɱˡ
ҲӦ֪˽ӶֻнʽȴľҪ˽һľ磬µֻһʽµϣҲ޵ڶͬ츳֮˰ɣʹУ޽Ҳɰɣ
ˣ˵ˡ
һֻ̣ǬԪĿһȥһǻл˵
һЦһûɱˣûɱˣⲻ֮ԩĳעҪˣҡ޻˵
ʦܣ
Զߵ˽ɫұ䣬˱ζų䶨жħɱˣûл·
ã
ǬԪһվһ̧бһöӲӵƣٲȻǺµġһĪҲӣ
ڴˣŽ
ǬԪϸ߾ƣǲɣɵ˸ľѣû뵽žŶˣ
СĪҲӡһ˵ֻĴɶԣ֮ףŴδ¹һΣȻһ£Ҫʲô
ֻƽ·̶ֻƬ̼䣬ǸӺâˣһҪԼ֮¶ʦ֣һ³˹ȴѲֻĳһˣһһ˵ʲô
ϣסڣ
ڶŭҲû뵽žŶžʲôʦֱչδ
ǲӣ


0098 ħ
̨ȻУ˶Ŀҫ۶Ŀ˵
ʱȨԨǰһţ
ʦ֣
ϵʱɫһ䣬ֹɫԱ߲˽ԱɫȻԨϵϣȴʼտκα仯̡
ǬԪĿһһӣ㽫Ԩȥֻڰвסתһ˫һʹŬǰһˣȻվδܵö

һ죬öԨһ̣˶ס˺
ǬԪӣ𣬳šǬλ֮סһ֮£ȫȨŴŲøԤ
䴵еӶĬȻˣ˫ôģԨöһȫסһ
Ǭλ֮ףζʧȥ֮׵λãӴƣѺȺۡ
ȻһǬԪûȨģǰ˹ۣҲûȨȻʥ˼
ǬԪתһȥһ㹴ħŮδ룬ɱˣ֤ȷ䣬㻹кλ˵

һȻͷЦһ̣ʲôһһܿܿΪӡһҵûɱˣûɱˣ㶨Ҫ֮ĳ˺ξ壡
һɲǣ̨Ǿ޽ΪģȻһ磬˶ȥǿ
á
ǬԪĿҲ䣬Ҫӡ֮ʱǳϺʦ

ǬԪʱѹȥʦкλ
ֻǳվϸһ£ΪԲ޵Ǳ｣ȴδһɱ
ʲô
Ŵԣ˶ôһҪһ⣬ô£
ǬԪҲеЩ֣ʱȥһʦã˵ʲô
һ̣λϽ֮˴ȥǳϵʦ֣˵ռӷ｣£Ҳһħ̵ѡ
ǬԪŻȻ΢һ˼ʦõ˼ǡ
ǳϵû໹ղԲ޵Ůϰñ｣һô֮ӿŮδԼ⼸ħ̵ټһǱã
˴ͣһŵʦֿɻǵãǰǴλ䣬̨˵һħ̼ϸȻΪ˵δһǣһħˡ
⡭ǬԪһòŵãʦԡ

ǳһȥ˵ûɱˣ㣬ħ£ȴѲˣշԣʹñ｣ɱ˵ˣôˣضϵΪеĻδˣ
һ˾һݣƺҲ޿ܣδ봫һħ̹Ҳδزᴫ｣δ롣
ǳĿ⣬һ֪пɴӿʦ˵ŮδԼλڣħ̲ڸ֮ˣͨͨ
ǡ
һһЦβ²͸˵˼֮λ޴ǣĳеأδʲôħ֪ԣδδɱһˡ
㡭
ǳסͷŭãԣδǼħŻδ뿪δܸ֪ɣ˵տһ
һһЦδɹˣЩ˸Ƿǣǽȥץˣɣ˵Ҳ֪
һ£Ⱥµ񣬴˾Ȼ̻Ůҩɾȣ
ǬԪһֻһλᣬʹ˻ͷȻŵĵӣִԲڣݹ飡

ȴһͷһЦȻ壺Ҫĳ㶨δδɱһˣ֮УҪɱõʲôﵱ治
㣡
һΣİŭ㵱ǲ֪ڸģ
ڸģĳ޴ڸģ
㣡
뷢ţһ̧һۼ̬Խأ߼ֱţʦܵôˣ˵ط𡭡
ҡҡͷܵģʦ뵽ģλѵ벻ҴŶŵֶΣ֮£ʱҵ˵ط
һǵִԲˡ
Ȼ䣬ǬԪ쳣ˣڳ˶˸һ˲䣬ָֻһǰȻ佣ˡź壬ˡ
ۼ˸һ΢΢һ໹ʱֽһʦãɡ
ã
ǬԪһ߳ȣҪԶȻһŮţ
˭
һš쳣ֱ֮ɼڹǳԲ˾һ׷ķȥ
һȥ߰˸ŵ̨ߵ˽֮ǰѾ˷˴˵أ˿ȻǿǺ˾ܹ࣬ٴ̨
˻Ϊĸħ̸һˣǴ֮ȴһǲʲôħ̸ˣһѩŮ
Ůòһ㣬һ⻪貵ɢϢǿܵ
ϣˣˣǿ˽̫ǵס
ŵ˶ˣײײ˽λϾɫһ䣬Ůȥ
ɵųϴ˿޲ȻŮʲôˣһ³Ϻʵʲôˣô˵أ
ŮһЦǲ˵ɱôˣȴϵ𣿻ǡ
δ룡
һ£˸һǰɵŮȻǡɱ˲գ۵ˡ
޹Ǵ˿̾ȣеǸħŮֹǧ˳գħŮֲһԻ
ط̫˵ռȻղһ۱ϳֻδɫѡһߣüͽߵҲסˣû뵽վš
ԨĿһȷӦһ˴ǰȥ̽ħˡ
δ뵭һЦ˿̾ǳĴ򶨣Ԩϲ鷳ˣֻһ˶
Ŵԣ˸һѵŮ˵ʶֻɽֻթò
һʱ䣬ɵŶĵӴȥǽ䱸һκη紵ݶ̴Ѷ


0099 Դ
Щν˿̸ľԱӣδиǲммЩˣôĵĹЩʲôħŮһ㣬ռȻеʶеʶһһ䡣
һߺȵŮɱɶˣվеӣ
δ뵭һߣмҼе㲻һֻλȻڼȴһ˵ɱˣһ˵ɱˣ꣬ĪǣνɣչǼʶˡ
˿ȻŲ豭񵭵֪仰˼Σ
δһЦûطȵɱŵˣҲɱŵˣ۵ˡһδɱǸɵӣʲôҲ֪һָȥ
ôǲţ
˽ԻɲδһЦȻ̧佫һڣһ̣ȥʱһ¾ͱһӡ
⡭
˲һ⣬Ǽ򵥵Ļû֮
ǡ
δһЦȻ̧䣬һֱԼģȻ֮ǰ˶̵ʱڣϷһΣ
һ£ڳ֮޲ԭŸɵɱһʲôҲ֪
ǵɸ𾪣һҲе𺳣üͽ˸ɻѣΪΡ
˿̣ҲԶԶѩŮǳҲҪػʲôħŮϵϢԣϵϢΪ뵱ˣЩƣ
Ա໹Ĳһŵı仯ôˣδɽʦãʱйԵ仯Сʵʦã㿴ʲôˣ
ûлشĿڻδϣҡҡͷΪһһػ˵֡ˣԭ໹浱˵ĵڶ֮ˡ
̨м䣬һҲǸԽԽŮֻһ仰ΪʲôҪΪʲôҪ֪ΪʲôҪ
δҲһɲǣ񽻻һɲǣǱ˴ɹȣģģǸˣǧ꣬꣬ǰ·𶼲Ҳ
Ȼˣôһ׼
Ȼ䣬һɺɱ˳ɱԲطȵһ˲䣬磬û˿壬Ȱ˻δǰһȥ
һ˲䣬˽һÿٶȣطȻز¶
飡
һ죬ȥʱøϢһϣѪӿֹȴǻδֵסһơ
ȻεΪʹϹŷĿǰվܷӳȫԴ˿Ծɱһɫףʮಽվ
δ룡
ۼδɱȥһ˹ȻһΪǱģȥЩҲȫԸ¾ʶҹʱ취ƿֻвһ㣬ƫƫδʱˡ
̨粻ֹͻδȫ棬һ̣δȴزʲôΪԶԼ֮ϣոһƣҪɱԼֻɹ
˼Ȼ񡣡
ʱԺȻ΢΢һ˾Լʲô˼֮ʣǺ⡣
˲˵Ҫһĳգ跨
δ˼һЦ㾡ǧټƱԭҲΪǱ顯
ǴˣֻҪ˵ڣӴ˱Զ߸߷ɡ
δһɬϮԼ࣬ΪǴԶ߸߷ɣȻԼ֮⣬ҽƾͼƣŹҲط
Ǵˣĳԡ
δȻȴʱԶȻʮ˳ֽ˹Ůɱʦ֣
ʮϣһȻϢһһɴӿƹδ룬ʵȴʮ˳ȥΪȻɲľ磡
һȻҲδòȥϺһһѪǷӿֹȻһҲھҪȡν練ơ
δ롭
һȴﶴֻڲƣҪȡδǻδ뻹Ǳ㱻һˣ
ԽˣԽǲңϸϸ˼ҹ뵽ķǿԪһƿļƣһѿʩɲ˲˹ȥ
飡
һ죬ֻһƴ󣬵ƾĿǰΪȴֺֻǽ֮ⷴŻδԾһξ롣
£
ǬԪһ£Ȼŵˣ˲㽫ΧסˣرǲҲѷɣһ˲Ǭ̨ϵʮŸͨ˵˵ѣ
δ
һ֪뿪ȥɫЩ΢΢ףʵ˺𣿡
ӡ
δ뿴һʣﲻеһڣԼ˺ûá
ն֪࣬ҲҪ֤һףȴֺòᣬֻǧڼҪֻһټ˭ûûһˡ
ԽԽܣͷһƫΪʲôҪҡ
ҡ
һתͷ۾ģҲһҺ˹û뵽壬ҵִţȴǷ˹ǰȣ˹Щ˵ıơ

δ̧ͷһۣ㲻˵´ټ߽ʲô޹أٵǰ棬ˡ
ΪӣԸǲһ֪Щ˲ǹɱԽգҲ˺һ֡
һһ˵ţһ߻ԽԽ˺͸ɸ֣˵λĳΪУĳһԣ´͸Σδδɱˣĳڣ֣Ĳ֮˻Ŀģѵǻ͸𣿡
άԼδˣ˽㣬ħ֣֮֮˽㣬ǲ֮˰ڲӣ߰ɣҪɱң޹ء
˵ղκ˺Ҫɱ㣬̤ĳʬ塣
һһ˵ţһ߽ǰλĳһԣĲ֮ˡ
ϣ㻹ִԲ򣡡
һߺȻȵ㵽ڻάŮҿ㵱ǱԻߵˣҩɾȣ˴ɱûɱˣˣУնɣ
У
һһЦ˿̷ҩɾȵģȺڼȴŽɱڵˣ˵ǺΪУǿǼɱһˣǴα֮£ɵóȻɽʧɽУҪɱˣһܹȥǴΣһˣ
ϣڣҩɾȣ
ûмħɱˣǰǴͿ̿ѪɺӣȻգΪŵӣ㾹ȻάһħŮ


0100 ͽ
һҡͷǰʱδﻹδʲôϵδһˣΪʲôһҪ
Ϊħˣ⹻
һΣҲѹסͷŭˣΪһһ֮ʣɳǼΪŭˣ޲һƽڼ̻ŮиŭɶУ˴治֮ˣ
ӣҪ˵ˣȥɡδʣ˿һԽԽܣԽǲֿ
δûɱκˣûκ£Ҿǡ
һ˵˴ټ˵ˣתͷԽԽˣħˣδκˣҲħ̣ǺħЩһ෴ħ̡ң¥Щ˶ɵǻӲ񡭡
ɣ޷ŮԻһҩɾȣ
һ˫üȻɽһն˹һͣһһǷɽ˻ȥЦҩɾȡҿҩɾȵǣ
һɲǣһɺ͸˳ȥϸǷ·һƣЦǿڿڼȻȴףɱˣиɣĳЩνħǸҪ䣡ħٺ٣ħħǵ˭ħ
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һ£̨˱ɫ˵˴治֮ŵһҲɫߵ˸ɫɷףִ治֮Ŀ֮˵ǽԼٲԨ
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治
һͷЦֹûһнǴ治һнǶԣˣ޻˵ҪɱҪնһҲĳξ壡

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Զ˫ĿᣬҡͷʦܣϸˣҪˡ
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ʮӰַȥһΣŵ˷Ϯǰҵ·һ˲ˣһ̣˶ס˺ͽǴ󳬳Ԥϡ

һǰָһϼһâʱ˷ɢ㽣أ˲㽫ʮ˵ֵ⡣
˫ĿԲ޲¶ɫʮر｣Ȼͬ죡
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ԶвŰľһᣬϵȴ˳뻯ɳȥʤ
ǳ˫Ŀһ󣡡
һ˼ʮŸ֣һȴǸոҳȥˣֻʮ˷վķ˽һɺ佣ʱǵ
ź󡭡
˾һ˿棬ҲܸܵǹɺµĽ˽ʥ£ǵУ
ֻǼʮˣѸһ˲˷㽣֮£˺գһֿȻǳɱı佣ȴԽԽˡ
ӡ
δɫҰףҲһȻʱ㽣֮£δô죬ҲԵֵĺ佣


0101 Ѫս
飡飡飡
һ첻ϴܲס˿źĽǲѣۼ콣ȽԶߵ˶ŵɫɷס
ӡ
δ˿Ҳڿ֧ţκźͬһ㣬Ҫǿгƣûпܡ
¡
һĿǲϱƽŸ֣Ȼһ壬顱һǵʱԽΪģѿѺۡ
ţֻ˫һ𣬼󳤷סһɹ֮ʱΪɢ˳ȥһɲǣ˶ܵһǿ·ҲҪȥһ㡣
ô¡
˽ǺȻһæתԪסʲôɷħΪξ˹죿
һֻ̣صʯȻȫһΧ£ǼʮŸ֣Ҳһɲ͸һϣеĽϲϷ֮·ҲҪȥʱֶ

ʮɫǺȻһ䣬ɵŽ󼸺ûܹƽ⣬Ǵ˿̣ΪΡΪξȫס⵽ʲô칦

ֻһһȣԭſ˫ۣȻǰһϣǼʮеĽʱֶܿȫܾ£ͬź콣Ҳһ±£˹
һɲǣԺֳֻ˸֣ǬΪ
⡭ǣ
ڳ֮˸޲Ȼʧɫ⣬ʲô칦ܽԷĹƾ
ȥ
һٴγһȣ˫һƣʮɽټĺȻͷǼʮ͹ȥʱ䣬ֻòҽһƬǼʮˣԼĽѪ˳ȥ
⡭⣡ǣ
Ÿ𾪲ѣǺεȹܹöԷ֮Է⡭⵽ʲô
ǵŴʱɫżλǱɫȹŵĹ
ԶסĿ⣬Ȼ뵽ĲأǧǰħʦһսȴԼĹˣѵǡ
ϣ
Ȼֻһǳ˲仯һâָһ佣һ㣬һȥ
飡
һ죬һδعһָؿڣһѪӿ˶󵹷˳ȥ
ӣ
δɫһ䣬ǳϹδͣ£ָһʱâ¡һǳ˻ȥǿɢȥʱ쳾
ӣ
ǳϺδ뼲תȥ鿴һƣֻһһĨѪ޷˺󣡡

һ죬ӵϷѽâһҲϷХ֮
ǳ϶˶ϢŰǶƮİʲôΪǰδ˵˷
ħ֮ˣŮ£
һȣ˷Ÿ֣һһ𣺡Ҳĳξ壡

ԣ̶죬Ÿ֣һһǰű˴˶һۣʲôߣȻҲһ빥
콣ݺᣬХɽѣؾ䣬δ˻ǻڰдʣһֳ񹦸ƣ˿սãڱƵ¸

һһѱѪȾ죬˿̽һ壬֧壬ڵȥ
ӣ
δ뼲ǰס΢һ˹ϲȻɫһ
ۣ
һһѪӿҡҡ׹ȻصѪøɵҲǰ
һ̣˷㾲ܹϵãˣսãȻһҲò˵֮ţʱգΪɣؽݺؼ䣬޵֡
ʦܡʦܡ
Զߵʦѻʧɫ岻סǺʦˣ
δɫҰףȻ뵽ʲôԶȥһ㲻Ҫ֪ģ
ȻһΣȴ˿δᣬĿʼնһϣȻһ̧ط´ˣ
㣡
δδϵ˻ͻȻԣһ˲䣬׳̫˳˵ΪǲǿȴҲЩܱȣֻ˹Ѹͣһ±ǰһһЦһӣһնȥ顱һǽ˸˳ȥ

׳̫û뵽֮£Ȼȹ
䴵Ѫһһ£δѪӿ˳ʵҺ㡭
˴ֻǰһվˣĿᶨЩˣһδɱ޹ϵҪɱ
˵ˡ
һվֱ壬Щͣﻹĳʶãȴؾ֮ʤЩαӣν֮ͬꡭ
Цһؾ֮ħŮ
һ
δ۾ʪˣһ̾˵һȻһЦûȥ󣬼գΪĳҶ࡭ĳգȻùȫҲһڹ֮ǰ
󣬡һٴâ·һԣ˹
ֻһ̧еĽǰߵָȥȻǾ仰ǽҪɱ̤ĳʬ
һ
δ£Ȼǰһţ˿ȥһһã֪ģҶǣںδǼħںδ
һֹס˵ȥҡͷΪǻŹҶ𡭡
ʦܡʦܡ
ɫɷףȻȥҡ䣺ʦ壬ȾȾʦܡ
ۣǵȥɡ
žɫһ䣬ȥǬԪüͷ壬βŵͽܣԽ㴦ãħŮȴ򲻿ܷߡ
һܷߡ
ʱԶߺȻһ˽һѭȥֻԶʷӿȻ˴ƬӰΪ׵һŮӣһڰ׳ӡ
ʥʹ
ǵɵ˾һλų΢΢һ䣬Ϊ˾Ȼˣѵǡ
ʥʹֱΪ١塱顱ʥֱϵ£ֻʥ˿ˣʹʹŮΪ٣Ϊ塣
ܿ죬ʹʹ̨ڳˣλϣ˾˹񣺡μλʹߡ
񡣡
ʹɫưĿһе̨ϣȥ㵨ӿǲСһħŮһħгıݲ֮ˣ¹ϵİΣʹոպҪǶ뿪


0102 
һ̣ճˣ˶˵ʥʹֻʥӣʥҪһͻδûˡ
ߡ
ʹһߣҲһͻδ뿴һۣˣţ
ʱǰãһȫһ̧гһ콣â߳ʱ˲ǰ
䣬¾ø˼󳤷סƮһѪĳѪǸе𺳡
ʹһ䣺ˣ£зɱۣ
ʮŸֱ˴˶һֻۣӲͷƤȥһһӣһâնȥ¡һǰʮ˳ȥʣµʮĹˣϲټǰ
ϣ
ʹһȣͲţڶڳһССŵҲò£ۣϺδ棬£պԷڣ
ʮŸ֣ٴγȥһһһ壬һֲɢȥʱʮòȥ˸ǰ
ۼ˸翹ʹ΢΢һ䣬׼
ǣ
ֻ̨ϿգȻ˽ˣֳƽ𹭣ʹһ£âʸʱ

ֻô̶첻ϣһӶļʸֵ⣬δҲ˻ǻֵĽâʸ
һһ֧֧ᴩֱۣؿڣϣ˼ʸѪӿȥֲ
ʦܡʦܡ
Զߵ˼˿ģŵιȥˡ
˻̶ʹԽԽˣһ̧
һ̽һѽӲӵ񹭵ݵʹĿһ䣬乭ʱ÷ƾ䣬ֻǹҫۣһɲǣ·ؼԪҲ˹ֲϢΪϢ

Źһ죬֧Ҷʱһɽâһ·ĵҲˣ͵һȥ
ӵģ
ǽͣδһƣǻ˹ȥȻǻǻȷҲδܳ׵֧͡һһǻһһ£ʱѪĽ
ʦܣ
Զߵ˸һʹԾĿ䣬񹭷Աһصһ㹴ħڴ˷

˿һɫҪжЦĳĳ
˵գֻµĽ˳Ѫһӣ顱һԶһͼ͵ϮĹ˳ȥ
š
һֻ̣ޱȣ˫һ𣬲ļʸʱҷ˳ȥΧһȦĹ־Ѫ˳ȥ
ڤ粻飡
ʹһȣ缲һ˲ǰָһסֱֿۣ磬һƴؿڡ
ۣ
һʱһѪ˶󵹷˳ȥѪһ·Ⱦˡ
һ
δɫһ䣬ʹոұ̤ƽţ
ԼˣҴԲѡ
ʹһЦ˿δĻϣȻҲ֪δݣ䣬ֻһ˲۽δǰδ˲һǱߣֵֻʹĹƣκʱ޷֮
һԼҪñʹ֣ʬ޴棬켴ʦڴˣҲûκܱ㡣
ʹ񵭵һȥѪ

һ۲Ѫ˿˴˿ˣһն˹ֱ죬ʹݺ
䣬ֻһ˲ʧԭأһ˲䣬һһǰһϡ
Ȼʹͳȫ㣡񡪡𣡡
һɲǣʹĿ˪һָ̧һ˲仯ĺâһ¶һȥȹ֮£ɣ
Ҫ
δ˫ĿԲֱһƣ˲˹ȥȻȴʹ
һ˲䣬˶ס˺֮ʣҲһɲһһ˲䣬ʹԭһͷȴȻͣһɿֲȻһӿɢ˳ʹֻеһϣһ̣˳ȥ
ƾ㡭Ҳɱҡȥ
һɲǣһ·Ȼ˸ˣüһӡֱ֣˪һԾ϶£һƶŹʹȥ
¡
һƣɽ̨֮ʱﳾʹ˫ĿԲ˫ֺһֲֵȴֻеѪӿֹĽ£Ȼӡһ޴ӡ
ǣ
Žɫһ䣬ʲôǿһֻĪǴ˵Ȼħ
ԶߵҲסˣʦϣǿһ

ʹȻһƺߣµĵһһѿˣȻЩܲסɿֲԵ

һ˫۲Ѫ˿һȣ˲͵һʹնȥһ֮£Զڰ֮Ҳеһϣ޷
壡
ʹȻһҲ˲»δ룬һ˲˹ȥȻһȻն£赲
ۼǿֲһնʹҲŵûɢ˫һһ˲串ֱ֮ϣġѪۡ
¡
һ죬һնڽѪ֮ϣΪĵİɵȻѣһɿֲȥ˲ɢ̨ԲʮƲ㡣
˽Ըеһϣò˳ȥʹԭڳˣ˿ҲƷ˳ȥ

δͣ£˿һħһ㣬󳤷˫Ѫ죬һȣһʹѹȥ
飡һ죬ʹܲס˫ֱ˵ɫҲһһѪһѪۣʱ֧顣
סס֣
ʹϲѪɫ־壬޸ոǵĿˣ˿ֻһ㹦ĽѪۣѪһƣһ֮£ؽ˿̽µʯһҷ
Զ˶ˣ⡭⵽ʲôʲô

ʹ֧ţ˿ٿһǾ壬ɻ󣬻ǻ⡣
ҡĳˣ𣿡
һ̣һ˫۱䣬·ûһ˿飬ʹŵɫɷףȻ˵
˵
һһȣ֮ˣɿֲϢ£ȴǶҲҶһ¡
ûû
֣ʹɸҲ
á
һ۱䣬д𣿰ϲһˣд𣡡
ӡδԶԶһ̣
شң
һһѹ£ʹ϶ʱѪɽʱŵĵѣûû


0103 
һ̣˷㾲Զ޲ľȻʥʹֱʥ˿̹ʹʥһڣƿŵֶΣرҲѲˡ
һڵȥʱԶȻһͽͷ
߶Զ˽һ˳ˣ
ֻɽ򣬺һɫӰһȻѳȻףٲȻǰɽչصˣ
ͷѻزͷ
һЦһȻһʹնȥ˫ĿһһƲ˹죬һޱ߷˹ȻڳеţҲеȻһϣ޷
ʦ֡
һΣ໹Ҳɫ·һɲ㵽ʲôȻһ˲Ϣһ·ĵҲ÷飬Ʒһ˲佫һȫסһδնȥ
һ
δɫұ䣬ڿһԾ˲һǰУ·һǰ
ƺƽ٣ãã̸գȱѳǣбѪʱѪʱһ̺޶ϾҮҮΪ
ǰ˭
һɲǣֻԭ覣һȴѪâʢǻδһ˲䣬עԼһξѪһԪꡣ
δ롭δ롭
ǻصһƣǴ˹һ˲䣬ֻδ˫գ˫ֺǰ·Ϊһ塣
˵úأȥҲ޲ߡ
Ҫ𣬻κ˵
Ϊ񡭡
һݹ£Ҳֻһܽ⣬ʹ죡ʹ죡

䣡
һƴһȻ޹⣬δҲһ˲ʧȥɫʣˣве˳ȥ
δ룡
һĿѣһ𿪹ʹȥ԰нסƮƮ׹Ļδ롣
δ룡δ룡
ӡ
δ˿˿һУһĻҲ˵ˡ
ҪҪ
һʹһɲǣԺİϤĻ棬ҲԼϵˣʣԪδעȥȻԪעȥȴǿտյġ
ӡ
δЦˣȥ۽ǵˮǵáǷ𡭡һ¡Ҫ㡭úûȥ

һͷһХѪ˳Ȼδ룬Ļۡ
Ϊ
ֻһͷЦֹһ̣˸ǰ˶ԭأ·ħһ㡣
ݵΪȴƫƫݲһ
¡
һֻԭգȻһһƣƣֱҪɽûһ㣬ϵֹ˿ֲһ·ħһ㣬һ̣˶е
¡¡
·Ҫ˺գ˿һģӳøӿˣֻüԭֵӡѾ𽥱Ϻɫ
˶ֲѣ⡭Ϊλˣ
໹˿Ǳɫвʲôˡ
죡ס
ǬԪһҲӦʲôɫ䣬ɵһͻȻȫȥ

һͷһХһɿֲɢȥʱˣȫѪ˳ȥ
ħ
ǿǬԪɫ䣬ħħѾܹٽƳΨзޱߵˣ
ˣһ̣ǬԪ˼ȥħ
Ȼվԭأʼδ˵һ仰ֻǾǸ꣬ոһƣҪһֹһһն£ȴϵãδ뾹ΪҪɱһ
˿̣һδ£վ˿ȥҲûκθ飺ǰһգδһ壬ӴˡٲǷ㡣
˱ۣһòŵһɴڻͷΪʱ
ͷ
һȻһЦתȥһ£ʦڣӣ㡭
Ҫʲô
һ̣ɫҲˣǰһ̤һվͣ
ĳδɱһˣ죬ڵأĳţްֹϵ
һתˣУ˵գֻȫһʱһ磬ʹΪҪʲôħֹ
ڸ֣ԼλϣټӸɵţһ˲䣬ٴγȥȻȴ˿ӿɢһɹ֮ȫ赲˰У޷

һһȣȻȫָ⣬ԼؿڸѨصȥ
ɣ
һɲǣҪʲôˣȻվһһһʱӿȥЩ˾Ѫ˳ȥȻһҲԼȫ


0104 ȥ

˳ԭأɵԭأոԻԪӤԶϾԷһΪ
ѧѾȫʦˡ
䴵һ̣˵һᱧδ룬һһȥδ롭˵뿪ǡߡ
䣬ֻŻδ룬޵׵ȥطκ
Ҫ
ھ˹һ˹ȥȻվһµ֮˲佫һ˾£ٲӰ

˫ĿѣҲδ룬˲һ㻤Ԫ׷ȥ

ɫ䣬һ˲˹ȥȴδֹȥϵͽҲͽܲϵǴ˿̣ȴֻͽʧ¡
ʦ硭
ԶҲǶ˻һ߸ڸոһԶȫһɲ˹ȥ
һȥĵط֪һΪҪԶȫΪˡʦ
磬䴵ټ̨˿̾һ˵
ʹ޵¿˿㾪귽Ц˱ʦţħ£Ҳòԩ
ҡסڣ
ֻˣһһһƣģ飬Щ¡
ʹôˣΪŵţȴһħ̼ϸ˴ų棬˲֪ҪǱãߣˣѲ˸ϵ
һʲôħ̼ϸ
ʱһʵȻֻü˳ΣʮǰŴһҹѣǴ뽭ʦܣʦãȥʱȴҵһѵӤ
Ȼأ
ɫ΢䣬һ̣·ô¡
üʣ˵˵ˣӤֻһ´ȾȻ죬ɵʱʦȴԼԪӤ
ԭ
һֻ̣еЩͷĿѣ˫Щ΢΢˷·Ҳʲô
üʦýӤ壬һ˸ȡһ

Χ˶ֲãֲӲͽȴͻȻһӣֲ̻ӣ
˵˴üתˣʵʦ˵ţһһǸոգǰһȥ
üݺᣬҡҡλߵղһȥĵط׵£ԶϾһ֮ûУʦʹģ
ϸӸˣʹбȥЩûС
ʹߵħļϸʦţħ֤ȷ䣬ѵոûп𣿡
ħٺ١
ŭЦɫˣתһħ֮ˣոտɱ㣬ȴ飡һħ֮ˣոտɱˣȴδκһ
һ˶һ㶣ոһƺûɱһˣɱΧסˣѡԶϾһҲûɱ
ˣͷȥ
ʹüͷΣ
һЦĸħ֮ˣԶϾԻԪӤԷһΪ֤Լף
һ£˸˳Ĭûһ˵ȫĬĬĵͷ
ǡڳһָȥǽ죬һһϾ·
Ŷͷûһ˵䣬һ̧ڣ
ԨöӲӵݵУ˿֣һЦȻһöʱһƬ촷ۡ
㣡ʹɫһ䣬ָȥôĵӣ

ͷһƫĿȥʹ˵ʱ׹ԨĿ֮£徹ǶҲٶһˡ
˿˶ܸܵɢĿϢ֮£ҲֻŸҵڻȥˡ
໹ɫ΢΢һ䣬а˼⣬ʦֱչ꣬ѵΪѡ
ߣ
һߣĿתƿʹһ㣬ոն̶Ƭ̼䣬ڹŹһˣ˿ȫ亹ΣҲҳˡ
ֻֻҪһӣô£һֲ๣󣬱ٲˣִҪܴ£ôӽ֮У֣
һ˵̨˵ڳÿһˣӲǱòҳ֮˭Ҳ£޵ڶˣƾһһ㣬ĳЩſɱȵá
˳Ĭ֮ʣԶ£һϵ̾Ϣʵѣ찡
翣ڳ˾һԶȥ֪ʱһɨصˣߵ̹̹ûдκζûǷκΣûǷκΣΨʦģ˭Ҳûʸߡ
һƬƬҶɨֽһء
һ̣˶ͷһѪй֮ˣԶϾ֤ףҲԸԼʦЩħ;ȫ¶Ƿ֮˿ɱȣ塭
ֻ˶䣬ֽȥδӡ


ڶ ǻ


0105 
֪ϴһ֮£Ѿȥ˰࣬ǼԪŵ˾κˣʱգԾδȫƽϢ
Ǵ׷£û׷һ˺ȥѰң˼켸ҹҲδʬ
ȥҲȫʬʶ˶²⣬֮£Ϊɻˡ

ʱֵ³ɽǱѩڣɽ»Щ⣬ϪˮʹżֻС¹ˮ
ֻ̲𣬻ƽȺ棬ڻ֮Уһ£֪˽®ڴˣСݣԺΧһȦʣôҹܽȻҩ԰Ĳҩ
ÿÿʱܿһŮӳɹҩոһա
һ֪ʱģȴ·껹⣬ܹԼȪˮˣ΢΢ۣҲֻԺЩ΢⣬˽ݣߵԼǰ̽̽ԼȻǵӰ˳ȥ
˭ʶЩģҲ޷ҲŲ޷˵Ȼŵһ޵ҩ󣬱ֻ˯˹ȥ
˹˼գʱǿָʶҲһ㣬ܹǿӰǸŮӣȴԾֻܿһ˵ģ
δδ룬𡭡
ǿ˵ֻ˵˼֣еһҲˡ
ˡ
Ů˹̽̽һ΢΢ۣЩģҲʵʲôˡ
Ůû˵һһŵһҩ㣬ֻ˯˹ȥ
ʱֹȥ죬һʱܹˣֻıȻȴ£̨ϰڷż費֪Ļɢ㡣
֨ѽһŴˣŮֶҩ˽һڿģһ㶣溽㡭
ŮӲǱˣȴǰ뿪溣뿪꣬귽ʮˣͤͤԽȻˣ˵Ϣǰһˡ
һҲû뵽ЩչԼ˾Ȼѵ
˻δã𶯡
溼ŬҪ֧ӣæ˹ȥ£һ㵣δأġ
뵽壬ɽ£δǱЩˣһԽԽľδ뻹󣬿һܻл·
Ҫȥδ롭ңδ롭
һŬ֧溳һ̾ﲢ塣
壿
һ濴˿ֻֻʰ쵵ĺӴ̨˽ګګģ
溵ԪɽԶ
򡭡
һګګģɽʮǧԼŬ飬δ£Ϊʲôȴûʵ溽㣬ô¡
̾ǰǰϪ߷ġ
ǰϪߡ
һһ㶣૵Ѿȥôôȵȣô˭ģδأ
溵ҷʱֻһˡ
ֻһˣôܣδһ𣬲ܣ˽͹δҲһһ𡣡
һŬӴ溵˫֣ʮż溽㣬ڷҵĵطûٻȥҹ
˼еģ̾ҡͷ£Ѿ˵ˣ죬ҽֻȥұеطϪͷһֱңҲûзֵڶˡ
δ롭
һֻеһѣΣ˾ԼԼ͵δأܡ
̾ɻشϣȺúϢ£˺㡭
һɻشϣ۴컨壬ԺһŵģΡǵáǷ𡭡һ¡Ҫ㡭úûȥ
£׹ȥҲδؼȫʬΪԼȴû£ѵδܡ
һ̾ȥˣ㣬úϢɡ
峿ٽʱϵҩһҲûһԾ˫۴컨壬һ
һʧȥǵģˡ
ʧǵģһ̾˹ȥ˰Ѿȶòŵȫϣ꣬һ˴ͣһżʱڣԻˡ
컯ҽѷѰܹ˵ʱԻָ˼±ԶҲٻָˡ
һ˿Ծؿ컨壬Ǹˣʲô
û˵òŵǴҳȥûҵ㣬Ҳûҵδ룬ȻܻôҲܲδ


0106 ҽ
˵δû
һ̣һ·ǿ˷һãϣ֧溵˵ͷֻе˺ˣܳȥ

û
溶ҩ룬ݵǰҩȺˡ
лл㣬溽㡭

һƻָúܿ죬Ѿܹǿ´·磬溴˽ﻹһɾѣ֮ǰ·ȫѪѾˡ
һע⵽Լȫ·˻ˣǺֻ溽һˣЩΣ֮ǰһ·
Ҳ㻻£һȫ
ῴһۣ߹·Ȱ·ˡ
Ŷ
һСʱ±ˤȥˤˣҲԼĨҩʱϾСﶮʲô
·ãһ˳ȥһӣŵԺӵҩ㣬ԺӣһȴӰ˽ԴŶۣתһӺһŮӣɫ𪣬ȴЩն
һһ溽㲻˵ֻԼǰʲôˣܷӦҪ˹䱸ȻʱʶԼѾʧ
ؽţֻҵҩˡ
ʱ溴ӺһתȥһһŮȥĿ¶ɻ󣺡ҩˣ
û
ҩ˵űƣͬǣҩ˴ĳ˵Ҳһġҵǹ룬ȴûġ
˵ֻ֮ҩһ֣Ͻ˸ӡҩʱԭʧһ㣬һһ㶣溽Ӻδϰ˵
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲôԼ˵ôأȫϣҲȲ溽ǵԼȻˣԼǺε챾£
һ̣һȫ˸ת溣ֱ˿̣ע⵽ǰ溣뵱СǸ溽㣬Ѿȫͬˣ溣ôºͣҽģΪ
溽㣬㲻ҪңոҩˣԻ˼
һʣҲ㶣ҡͷЦɵϣʲôأȻˡ
ŴԣһԷԼǰа꣬ǰ꼸壬溳ȥ꣬ǱԼʶɣ˿Щɻʵ溽㣬һ¡Ժδ
溿ԶϪˮʣҲһСϪ˴С÷ֻǹãŵǰҲһһλžңٵţҳĹŵӡ
һͷԭˣֲһ²ףʵ֪λǰǺźɣ
溿һЦҡҡͷ
һԸ˵Ҳˣ溼ʦиңҹɱɣʦƴӳȥˣնʦͷ­ɡֻһ˻
ʲô
һֻеȫһ𣬹ֲżһ˿ɱͺ壬ԭˣʵ˭
һʳںžЩԣԪĸɱһϢҲûУǰδ˵ĸɱ
תͷҡҡͷ˵ʵģӵͽܣҲ޿κΡ
˵һǸеЩɻˣ仰˼ֵֹģ֪Ԫ򣬾ʵǿʢκܼѲϻбʵǿĴڣ
Զɽɫ꣬Ҵδع壬Ϊ¸֣֮һֱȡ
溽㣬㲻ҪѹȽҹָܻлᣬһ㱨𡣡
תͷֻһЦ˺þãżҵ˵ˣ˵˵ɡ
ҡ
һͷָԺԾ龰ˣţûκγޣǲطЩɣţһᱨ
ǲ˵ĳħôĳѷŵӣǾǿħֶΡ
һ̣һԱߵҲоˣһ㶣û뵽ħ֮ء
νһȺͷ¶β󱲶ѡ
һԽԽˣԽԣæסļעһԪʹ𽥻ָ
Ǹ溽㣬ҿܡеˡ
ȥϢɡ
΢΢ͷԺȥȴЩǣոһɲԸоġҲġһħ֣в֪δĳ֪δ벻ˣѱһµˡ


0107 
ֹȥգһҹʱ֣Ȼһ紵Ȼجоѣ亹乣Ҳʪˣڷ춯˽ôˣ
ҡһجΡ
˿ɫɷףǶ˻һ㣬ߣᰴ˰ģδµġ
ǡ
ҡҡͷʱجΣѪɺӣصʬ׶ѻɽ˫մѪǸˡ
溼Ծʧǵӣû£˯ɡһ˵ţһ߷ȥһס֣ҡҡͷ˯ţ溽㣬ҳȥ߰ɡ

΢΢ͷȥ棬¹ˮ
һС±ϣŲ˵ԺԾǸղǸجΣ̫ʵԾɸеľ
ã溽㣬и˵ҵ𣿡
溿һ̲֪ӦӦøԼڲȥˣȻ֪˵弸ʮĵطӣйŴ壬ʮǰŴһҹȫڷֻΨһµӤ
ȫһ𣺡˵

̾ǸӤȣٺӽӤ︧ȡһ
ʦ
һ̣ǻһ𣬹ֲãֲãԭʦǵԼȥʦ
˿Щϴҳȥģʦʦ㣬ü׿˵ģм١
Ŵ塭ʦ
һֻ̣е飬ŴʲôطʦδԼԭԼԼ

˫סͷ˫ͨ죬Ըȥ룬ԺȴԽǸجΣѪɺӵجΣŴ壬Ŵ塭Լĸ
侲
溽סҡͷҪȥˣȥˣǼ˷룬־ͺδһŶ鲻ǺΪ
ȥ롭βȥ롭
ͨ죬ҡͷÿҹμѪɺӣμԼ˫մѪμȫʬ壬μְɱˡҡУҪعŴ壬Ҫȥ￴
У
溽סɫһ±ʮβϸ룬Ե޹ʣŴһƽС壬ᱻƫƫȴ룬пܾǳ
Ҷ
侲溼ûǳôʮǰΪˣΪӾ£֪ȴͬˣüҲǱͷԣ˽˵˳µ˶֪ݣǸҲһ֪ˡ
˵˴ͣһᣬߣҪɱ㣬ν׾٣˶ΪˣҲ֪ģô߳ȥһ˶ϡ
ĳξ壡ȫ壬ɱҸĸңҲһȥ
侲ô࣬ѵ㻹ףϣûʵֻ׸𡭡
˵˵ţҲۣ뵽Լϣţһնʦͷ­˳ȥ
ûµģûµġ
ʣὫţӣ˵ĸҲǹŴ֮ˣβ룬ֻǹŴͨΪλ֣֮
ô
һֻ̣еľƣǰһ̵»δˣֺŹŴ֮£ԼԼʲôˡ
ú˯һɣʲô¶ûˡ
һһҩǣ赹˯˹ȥ
бҩԡôԼ׼ԼǰЪ˹Σ溽㣬ôˡ

΢΢ͷľͰЩҩģȽȥһԺʩ룬Ƴ׻ָЩʹһá˵գȥˡ
ԡͰȥȥȻһˮȫеһʹκΪֻҧӲˡ
˴Լʱ䣬ʹ𽥼һЩ˿Ժ£Ŵ壬ԼǾҪȥֻûһΪô죿Ǹˣ溽ԣԷҪɱԼ練ơ
ˡˡˡ
ʱȡһëˮ溽㣬ɡ
˽һУŴССʮö룬ҽǳ뻯ԳƵϡҽɡֻ֣ƺԪŵصĸɶ֪ͬĹʲô
ˣ溽㣬ôһֱң֮ǰɣδ˵Ԫŵأĸ˾ͨҽɣ


0108 
㲻Ҫˡ˹ȡ룬һһϵѨλȥ
ʼղԸἰҲˣһʩϣһʱһȡ룬ڼ䲻ҪҶ
㡭ȥģ
ȥҩ
溿һۣȥˣû˽ŲŻعͷްΪ˿ʩ֮ȴܹо˿˿ת˹ȻһȴҲ޷ٸӦؼһ˿һȫȫͨˡ
ϴأ˵أʱҲ޷˹ʱٻܸܵĴڣٻָܽ񣬾ǳһȫ޷ӦѰˡ
֪˶ã溻ˣﻹһЩҩģ˿亹֪ղһŬ˹˫üһ˵㲻ҪҶôôһ
溽㡭
ֻеЩԣԼǷһȴ˾ľչԼ
ˣãȡ롣
ü΢߹ȥϵһһȡһ˵˵ˣָҪģҪ롣

һ£ÿ춼ʩ룬ƻָòˣûκΪһҲ޲ˮľͷʱܱŹȥɽͷҰ
ȥתʱ붬ĺˣװعһƮ˶ëѩһƬƬѩ׹棬ƻá
溸Ƶô£ڴ̨ߣİѩԺȻǸϤľ֮ѩѩи֣δ뻨
δ롭
ƮİѩȻ䣬ֻеǱһ£ƬƬѩҲ·һƬƬĵС
ѾһˣԾûκιδϢЩҲȥκεطûйһϢ
һȥƬƬѩϣС
ǰгһأгһտ֮칫Աȸߡ
꣬һͨˣÿһͨ˵ˮԣЩթ߽棬Ҳһơ
Ǵѩӯߣããѩʱݣ
ʱѩСһЩЩ춼ûм溣Դ붬ԺƺûͷӰЩȥģ
뵽иĴңЩһֽɡðѩԺȥˣԺȵĵǼΪϤֻΨûȥɽµĹȣ溷ԸҪȥǱߡ
ǱߵվްΪȻҲǰǧƽء
˺ɽ£ֻĹããһƬװعϻһı˵صĺǱȺط
һ󺮷紵£㴩ô£Ҳ˸ͬϺͬããѩΪδ˵ؾǱطôࣿ
˵غЩ쳣κΪǰǰ㣬ȥ̽ʱȫȻ溵ĻѰһССĹȥˡ
±ߵĹȣǸе䳹ˣüҺͷҲһ㱡м˵صĺԶԶ󣬾ǱɽҪ캮ضÿһҪɱһ㣬ֲúļʱǰԭ߾һ֮ء
˴ԼǶֽŽӲҿǰûһҾϣʱҾůֵܵ˺ѩ
һ͸ѩԼԼԶѩһӰɼѩѾһԣķѩߣ޷ڣʱּ˫ۻһƮһŹ
һ㶣˲溽𣿹ֲ붬ǲӰԭڴ˴˿ʲôΪһҲҽ㣬ȥЩ˵Ĺ죿
˭
һɲǣƺҲˣ˫üһô
֣΢΢һΣæͷƫǸ溽㣬Ҳ֪ڴ˴
תȥ
ǣǡ
תȥһ죬Ѵϣ˹ȥ㵨ԽԽˣҲ㲻Ҫɽ㻹͵
תһʱ֧֧˵ּѵ˵غ֮أѵһҲ
溼Լ˫üһÿ𣿡
ҡ
죬ǽеɻ˳溽㣬㷽ʲôΪҿȥЩ֣
溵֮ǵ֮вͬ㲻ضʣ֮޺
ôһ˵Էǰס̽Ƭ̣ʵ޷ָ𣿡
ҡҡͷγԹָÿÿʧˣǴԪӤѻ٣Ҳ޷ܵؼκһ˿
̾һԸټصĻ⣬뵽أδô䣬˵رظǺΪ溽㿴ȥ·һҲ䣬ʵ溽㣬㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷҴȥɡ˵գֱһ죬˫һ㣬ǵվ¡
صݣһʩںһߵ붬ǰҳȥڲ֪ΪΣƺ˶ڰ㡣
˫üһң
溵ǲطЩɣӦûŰǱصˡ
ǡ
ϸ˼һǰЩѾ²ԼˣΪְѰԼЩʲô
ۣģҲġ

΢΢ͷʵˣ溽㣬㾫ͨҽһ£֪֪Ϊе˺䣿
溼Ȼһʣһʩ룬һߵηոպɽ֮£ڳˣ֮ǣҲ㲻Ҫȥ±ߡ
ǡ
ҡҡͷ˵е˺ͺ䣬һ˸䣬ԼԼһɺô£

ʱͣ˼Ƭ̣ڳˣͬ㣬һ˸ܵ䣬Ҳηһټ
ô
ƶǶδѵη
溼ʩ룬һֵʦ˵仹һʮֺʣԻ֮塯
֮壿
һü΢΢ͷ֮壬ǧѵһɵκκڵĺȴģ֮壬Ԫѳʮء
һʮꡭ
ɫûע⵽ϵɫ仯֮壬ӹҲܽÿֻʮ쳣ֻأһ֮壬һȻ֮壬Ѳ
˹죿
ǸеЩˣֻضѲˣ⾿ʲô
΢΢ףʦżҪΨһϹ֮ߵУԻֻת֮ʩ֮ˣֶͨΣҲؽ˥ɲɢ


0109 Ϲ
˥𡭡
еһô˥ԹħӲһؽѣ޽Ҳã۷Ҳգħһ˥ôɣ
һۣע⵽ɫֵֹģʵȻЩʲô
ѹҡҡͷûУֻǺ棬ʶѡδֻηܻʲô֮ģԼ̫ˡ
Ƭ̣ʩϣ溵ںסȥǺȡ˴һۣٸ͵ҰƤ
뵽֮ǰĹײǰЩΣͷһЦ㣬ҲǲСײҪ֪±ҾͲˡ
˭㣿ûϾͱˡúϢҳȥˡ
ῴһۣӯӯȥȥӰԾţոĵʲô
ļ죬ÿմѩ׷ɣʩܷǿӦҹһ㣬ȻǲУһ˿Ҳܲ
๦ķǵǰ̸Ĺûá
ǲô
һգվʩϣԡųϵһС˹ܹСԶһ£ϲȻûãѾһʱˣ죬Сȴɲ֡
С
ַ̾ȥ޷Ӧ޷˹
˫ü΢˰û£ҲǾոϵԵʣʱ䡭
ǡ
Цʱʲôãڡһͨ˶硣
ü㲻Ҫ˵ǧ¼жһʼ޷֮ȴ辶һΪһ뢣ԡ
˵˴ͣһżصδҪ֮δķ
š
˼Ƭ̣ѵ溽˼ҪԼħ𣿲뿪࣬Ѳŵӣʦ֮飬ѱħʦΪС
ʼһʦʦʮǰԪԼԼȡһʦһҲħ
Ҳħġҡҡͷ˵
溿ҵ˼ˣҲ뿴һħ
ǡ溽㣬˼ǣ̧ͷЩֵؿ
ҧ촽΢죬ЩΪѵӣòŵҸոʵ˵Ĺһֻܹǡ
˿ΪѵӣʵֻΣ
ҧ촽ǵŹֻ֮ŮӲ޵ãȴãҪĻֻܽԼ˵˴糺һƬԽԽˣֻܽԼŮӡ
΢΢һ㶣󲻶ҡ֣溽㣬µЦˣ˰ˣȥա
Щʲô߰ĹûҵδأͷѲδԽƣ
һЦҲȤЦ㵱û˵ˡ

ҹѩϥڴϣȥ溵ĹǽնԷǾ䡰辶ȴԪӤ٣ҪŹǲˣǰĹҲˣ仹ʲô湦Լأ
Ȼ䣬һʹһɲǼ䣬˰˸֣ǬΪ

˫ͷһɲǣǧһʹȻֳ֣Щ֣ȻһһĻȻһƪƪķ
⡭Щʲô
һ̣дָоʱҲʱȻͷʹȻԺ㸡ֳһЩֵ֣
ָֻоһţͷʹȥ֮ҲǵЩ֣һ̣˿Ժû๦Ҳû˹ǰڵĹЩ֣ȴ
⵽ʲô
дһ˲ŷӦЩֵ
Ǭ뿲ȥδ
һɲǣǽĳ־֮·ص˹ȥĩһľѣЩʲô
һɲǣȥδǻһţʲôδܿ壬δܿδᷢʲô
ô¡
Ѷ⵽ʲôܶܿȥδ


0110 ʮ
߰תϢ
Ȼ䣬һһٲɣϥؼ·һɲڣʱ߱ȫָоǰδУ

˫һ죬ѩһ˲䱻˿У·ʱҲֹͣһ㣬һ˲䣬һ֮£İѩɲǼɢӰ
⡭⣡
˫ĿԲһ̣ܹȫӦԺЩ֡µûЩ֣˼֮ƪ
ԭˣԭˡ
һ̣ˣֲûֲõΪչǱѹԭƪԵʣ
ƪӡԼԺ֮Уֻһܣǹǰ
ǹǰ꽫ƪӡԼʶ֮У
һ̣ڰµǰͨˣǹǰΪҪƪӡԼԺԣǰ˵һңż֮ˡ
뵽˴˸ѵǰ˵Ǹңʦôܡ
ǰֵʲôˣƪ
һؽһصɻ󣬵˿ܹ϶ǣʲôħ飬ֻǧǰħʦõƪɾ񹦣ܵУʶǲŽ϶Ϊħ顣
ʵϲˣǺ²ֹǰǸΪԶϹ顣
ôˣ
ʱȻһ󼱴ٵȻǸո˶ʲô£Ըˡ
û£溽㣬ɡ

˽˰ϲ溽㣬ҸոѾܹͨӦˡ
ɹˣ
ϻЩɻ˵ͷ
Ǵ˿̣ܽ͹ǰһ¸溣Ͼǣ̫󣬶ҵӦǰ¾κ𣬲ܹǰʲôݣնж
˿溲δԵʮָˣΪҲ֪ΪΣܸоոЩ֣ɫ£Ц溽㣬ôˣˣ㲻𣿡
ҡͷһЦûУȻٺòҲˣҾڸڣκ飬ֻҡ
á
ȥϸ˼ԼȻһֱϹ˲ѵʦҲһֱûв𣿻˵ʦʵѾˣֻһֱδпڡ
Ȼ䣬뵽һ£ϴ˵˰ѰԼһǲطЩѵ
ܹԼѵϴţ˿ˣˣطʱЩֵֹģѵѾԼ飿
ˣһ
һɲǣȻø⺮ˣôѰԼֻΨʦһǹԼˣȫΪ飡
ϸܸоϴε鲻ѰԭˣһɲǣӺˣǰδй˺񣬴˿ںҹ￴һ񣬾Ҫһжסһ㡣
󣬲طȣšĳһġ
һ£ÿղϹ飬ֻǲƪȴҲǰ󣬵ħʦҲֻǵõһƪ޳޵е񹦣ɵΧҹʦֵĿһսܾˣӴʦ䲻֪
һ£ǵ𽥻ָʶҲе𾪵ǣ·Ѿӵ˲ܹһЩľ˲ήҲһЩԭήĻ˲ָ
·ӵȲı£Ȼ䣬뵽һЩ֡
Ǭ룬죬أȥδ
ϸ˼ѵǡʮ
ǬӦϣӦӦӦʣ±졢ءȥδ
ԭˡ
ݹ۹ŽʿٿţȻмܹ飿һξϣԪӤ٣һʧһ귵ӹ棬ܹ
һڤڤע
ʮ֮УͨѾӵҲǡֻ֮ĿǰΪܵ͡

֪ʱֹ£˼´ů£ںȾ飬ǵѾָ־һ㣬Զܱȡ
ֻΨһеЩźǣԪӤ޷ָˣ֮ǰʱоԼԪӤ˺ܲһڸǸоƺѾ޷ԪӤˡ
ʧ֪ǸͬһΣʧȴ顣
һգ죬׼뿪뿪ˣҪȥѰδϢѾȥһ࣬ûδκϢ


0111 Ŵ
ʱ溴ˣһһɫۣΪڲݡ
ȥмǲɱ¶Լݡ
溽㣬лл㡭
ȥϰɡ
ҡҡͷ۵ݵУſﻹЩʯһЩͨطߣʯԷһЩ߾ۼĵط
벻溽㾹һжǵȫ˿Ȼ뵽СǶԼôô˰˭Լá
úۺȥ棬ںסһ꣬һҪ뿪ˣЩᡣ
溼ں֮£Ѿģ΢΢˵ͷֵħкܶڰѰ㣬£мǵģ֪ǡ
˵˴ͣƬ̣żǵŴǸˣ˿ҲڰѰ㣬СǸ֮ˡ
˵ͷ֪溽㣬ͲҪٵˡ

΢΢ͷ˹˫һãȡһֻ溮â󣬾롣
ǾžŻѪ룬ϣԷһ
žŻѪ룿
Щ룬ʶȻܹӦѰǼķ
溵ͷ뷢ضѪʮҪãʦҵģԭоžŰʮһ֮ǰʦõʱѾһ֪һ˭õˡ
⡭
΢һü˫ֽ˻ȥҡͷʦĶңҲա
ţ㲻֪жΣա溿һۣ˵
ǡ
š
溽ݵУֵҵδˣǵáǵûһ

һ˵ʲôֻǿ˵ͷǡˣ溽㣬㱣أһġ
Ҳǡ
ЦЦֵ£ǰһˣ֪ɷģûҵõġ

ڻ뿪˺ȣ֮δߴרһЩС·Угʮ󣬺뵽溽ԼľžŻѪ޴󣬲ԣʦģضԴ˷ǸУԼǡ
һһ˺Ϳ
뵽˴תҪȥǺ뵽溽㽫ԼԼֻȥҲ°ɣ
ˡ
ؼӦܹҵţɽҪȥأشδ˿ںδ
˼ȥǾҪȻǹŴ忴
ºֻصԪһɽɽɽԶˮȴ˷ǡ
̾һ˵λãҵһķϵĹŴ塣
ɪɪȻѹȥʮ꣬ȻЩԫ棬Ĳ״ȴ·һһĿ
̤صľЩѲ̦޺ĲԫߣǶʮǰԼĵط𣿿溽˵ԼĸĸҲǹŴˣԼŴĴô
磬䴵ϵĶñ˿̵һУ·Ĳ״һһӳԺصѪ߰ߣصʬǽ壬ҽУʹ࣬һ˫մѪ֡
ҡҡͷЩ·һ˲ʧˡ
ʦ꣬ҵԼġ
߱ѰԼǸٵӤѹǽ£ʴʦʦѰԼġ
һ̮ǽ£ֻѲ̦ôʦҵԼԼô
һ̣еֻԵʹʦʦԵʱһţȴҲزȥˡ
Լ־ʲôˣΪεҲɱԼ
ʱԶȻɳɳŲ𣬾ֻһ紵ݶʶѷǵɱȣһΣʱһ̮ķݺ档
Ƭֻ̣Ӱ˾Ѿװڲݣʶ񣬱ֻԹһϢҲʱǲطȵˡ
طȵ
Ҿ䣬ֻ߽Сô
Ĵҿ
˴˿̵ӣѰʲôɻ󣬲طȵˣΪʲôܲѰ顣
ֻĴϸѰոֵʮǰ﷢ӵģһۼҲûУ
᲻ǣٵкۼˣ
ϸңֻҪҳһħ̵ĺۼӱħ̵֣ٺ٣һħ̵֣ʱѸϵ
ݺ棬˵ĶԻһԽԽˣԼԶȫԷһΪΪʦƲϵЩ˾ȻϷŹԼϷŹʦʦס̫
ݣݣݣ
ʯѸײڶ֮Ʒ˹ȥ˲סȫѨ˶ȻһδüӦһӰѾվǰ
㡭㣡
֮ɫһɲȫ⣬Ҳ޷ݳȥתһ̵񣬾ޱ޵׵ĺڰԨΨһɳǺ䡣
㡭㡭
˸׹ѣ޷֮µһֻܿһ˫۾Ƿ·䣬£һ˫ۡ


0112 
㡭£ʲôˣ
ŵûɸѪɫѸٵӰǴ˿ûбסһ̿˫۾ҲҶһ¡
һƻʲô
ͳ˸ŵûҲɫҰ׵˼㣬˷ǵһ˲סǰУһۿǵݣһǴĿģʲôˡ
ˣǿˡ
ǰһһ̧ʱɫԪһ˲ͷ
˸ɫˣǿֶ̽һԪ䣬һԪļ䣬̽ɹֻҪǿ̽ԪԪ񶼽ܲشˣ
Ƭ̺ջ֣ϧֻ̽Ŵ壬ΪѰһħ̺ۼδ̽쵽ļ䡣
˿ŵûɢһҲҶܹԼǿʩչԪ֮̽ѵϵ֮ѵ˾ϵĵУ
亹乣׳ŵӲʵ󡭡µзܼɷʸ¡ʸ¾ʲôˣҲáҲ˽һЩ
û˵ĬĬתǰȥˣ˼ɱԼʱһ㣬ţԷŹԼǶ̶Ƭ̣ڹŹһ˸Ҫ¡
ȻǴ˿ȴûп϶ö롣
ݣ
һ죬ö˲˵üģһΣҽҲûüһɲǱûһѪĸʬͨһȥԪҲһ˲ɢ
žŻѪǾɱѪֻҪ֮˵㹻Ѫؽ˲仯ȥȫѪԪҲ벻ˣȻҲʧöϣ˷ѡ
˿ͷҲûأһӣɫܳ˲佫ǵϵ߸ʬΪ˻ҽ
һɱˡ

ҹ磬СӣҼһϢΨһСӣ𣬶϶󡱵ĻֽӳһӰһҹ֯ѡ

վԺ棬ֻԶԶŰ޽Ǽİ׷ҳҽȥҸƽСӣκֻ
ҹ˼֣ͣĻƣشæӰ棬һֱȥãź۾뿪
ҪȥģҪȥѰδ룬ұĺǣҪˣҪʬһҪҵ
ֻ˰ʱ䣬˱յɽֻ֪ٻȣһֵأ·ҲģģǵãȻǰٻʱȴյϰٲЩ󷨡
ɽ棬ɪǵϴʱʱĺʱ֣бﻨ㣬ʱֵ£ɽȴǰٻ㣬һƬɪ
ˡ
·һֲõԤУӿ˲ѭ֮ǰļ䣬棬ֻԭĮ̇ףѾм䱻һնѣĹ㳡Щ¥Ǳһնˡ
ǲԫߣҲյĻֺɣûһĵط·Կһ콣ն£ﻯΪһƬ档
ʵ֮ǰϵˣδһ£ЩŹ

ԽĸֿЦˣ࣬ı죬նݳ󻼣ν
Σ
ʱգԺʼռǵãü˵ĻȴͬҪˣҪɼ
ʦҲ˵ұˣ²ΪףΪΣǰһУʦҪǸ²
£ҩɾأ
һԺһ죬˶Ҫɱ־ʲôδɱһˣδΪβȴݲ
νѵҸˣҲɽ˸ô
һȺαӶѡ
ħ֪Ǽأش꣬ǰߣҿзʲô
һ̮ĹȻһʯͷصʱɫһָ˲ö롣
Ƭ̺ȴͷĿ֮͵͵˳ﻹżƵɣȴϵͨ
˼кȻһˣϺ˱ˣ˽ԭزҶһм˲׳ŵӣƴ˵ݣ㣬𣬱ɱǡ
룬ûǣһȥˣ˼ɱԼһæȥȴʱֺȻתͷվס


0113 ɱ
һǲһˣ䣬ʵǿ֪˴𣿻ںʱ
Ψһ˵ӴЩҡҲ֪˼źòҽͣûʲôֵǮĶ㣬ҪĻ㣬𡭡ɱǡ
߰ɡ
֪ʲʲôˣֻͨ˶ѡ
лл
˶ʱظæȥ
ߣһ··ܿδӰԺ뵽죬ݳǸŮԼԡ
ǻ紺βʱȥƳٴ
ƻƷǻҲϧӽ׹˼ȴǣ˼
ȣˣȡء

δסĵطЩ̮ĹƵĳȣһͥԺ
ֻͥԺӢͷףżðɫĻֻǼûѾήˣֻصĻ꣬ûй鴦Ʈѩ
δ롭
ǼÿήĻֻеһʹһգۣ·𿴼⼸ֻˣ·𿴼컨裬δ£ЦҲЩδ뻨ô覡
ʲôûˣֻĿĴ꣬˻ˣֲļδҲήˡ
ͷϵĺɫۣ߽ˣżѾήδȻһ֣һɲǣ·һɳӿһ˵ǲ֮
̶Ƭ̼䣬ԭѾήļûȻĲ֮£»˹
δ룬ңұĺǣҲҪҵ㡭Ѿˣôһÿһˣᡭ
طȣţۣɣšһҲӡ
һɲǣ񣬾ޱȵĺ£ûκθ飬϶ñȥˡ
£ұطȴ޻δϢȥɹȣΪδ˺һȥɹȣûУδδȥ
֮ҲԶԶԤ룬˴һ֪
ϣԽԽãǺҹ˸˸ӣʱ
ֻҪһ˿ϣڣȷδ֮ǰһֱȥֱҵΪֹ
ɪɪԵҶһ˵ĿҰϣгȴȻͣ˽Ų
λһ·硭ɡ
ɷɷɷ
紵ݶһ˲䣬ֻʮӰΧʮ˽£ϢڲصüǺźɣҲƲͣٲ֮ǰط֮¡
һǴ󰡣ȥҲˡʮ棬Ϊ׵ĺЦ
Ŷ
ƽƽתȥһɲǵ񣬾ǱϢ
Ǻ׼˿̴Ƕ˺һ˫ۣҲ΢΢һһɺ⣬ȫ
λĳһ·ν£˵޷
ƽ˵ʱ˶ñ֮ʮ˸ס˺һɲǣ·ҲҪһ㣬ʹգҲ˸е
ʮǿΪǺ˶˶Цһ֪ʮˣÿһ˶ѽ֮⣬ʦڣмʤ㣿
䣬ֻʮ˺ȻԼһѺɫĹƣɷŵɽϸÿһѽ߰ѺɫСɽɣЩǴӷ϶͸ģʮֹ졣
Ŷ
ȻҲóʮѺڽʮķ˿̣Ŀ⵭ʮ޶á
ΪǺ˼˿еӣиЩûˣȴ򶨣һЦһʶ࣬㽫齻գڣ

һ伲죬ֻʮѺڽɷˣأ񵭵ԭˣҪ飬ȴֻʮġˣаɡ
㵱澴ƲԳԷơ
˿û˿صӣǺӱˣ֮£ŵȴһ˿ηͼɵʮɱ֣δκй˵ηͼɵ
ձ쳣ı䣬ʮ˱󽥽亹Ȼ䣬֪˭ȼǺɫɷնȥʮһҲһ˲䷴Ӧ˹
ʱ䣬ããҰʮѺɫɷԴŹ֮նȥ
ʮѺڽͣȫһʮѽֵ⣬һ̣ıע⣬ʮѽѰ֮ҪӲƾֵʵǣһչܿʮѽĹơ
ʮѽʮ˿֮£ȴ·һ㣬̶Ƭ̣͸ɷǲأ˵ֱնУǱɷڣҲͬСɡ


0114 ֮

һ촫ʩչ˼£ȣˣҲȫܿʮѽĹƷ
֪ǵʮѹʮ˵ĵУԶڵЩ֮ϡ
ðʱ䣬ԲĲľɷ¿ή㣬һƬȥ졣
ڣʮʱͣ˹ƣΪһΣ£ɷҲܵ飬ҵԿɻȥӴҲɷĴȥ£Σ
ƮƮڵϣĿ⣬ԭʮѽɷȷ֮ħƺǰδ˵ЩܹԼݣбһ·ԼһΪЩʲôˡ
Ǻ˼֪ϹŴУ˹һռΪУδЩ˵Ը׳ǻѣԸҵȽɷУɿ跨̽һ˫áΣ
˵ϸŶԷϵ仯
ʼգ϶ûκα仯ʮɷ˼ֵĹɷ˿Եô򶨣ҾáΡ
ŴԣʮȻһ±࣬Ǵ˿ֶ̣ǰһļɵǵ͹˴˵ʵôҲû뵽˵ԶȫԻԪӤԷһΪȵɲˡ
ԽˣǱԽҪӶԷõ˼֮õġϹ顱ΪǿΪԵʣʹһǵһı¡
ɷĳҲˡ
˵ʲô
ʮ˴˿̱˼ŶԲߣŶԷһƵĻʱøӾ
ԾĿ⵭˵֪飬ǽղΪζ
㡭
Ϊ׵ĺ΢΢һͫһһ˲䣬Ȼʶʲôǰˣֹ飿
ǵעֻ֮ϣһʼƺͺһ⣬˿ǧż֮һŰոտұܣʵѾнɷصȻأ
⣡
ʮ˰ȻȴѾˣֻԾһƶŵȥ֮£ʱķɣʮȻһϣҪɷȴֻеؿһƣ޷ɷոǰ硣
󣡡
ΪǺоһһɲǣ·Ѿʶʲôµ£˿Ҳ˼ʮһɡɷ󡱡
ֻʮ˲䣬ҧ⣬һھѪ˸ԵĹɷϣɲǼ䣬ʮѹɷѪâʢͿжʱХɷǵض˲ַԲʮҰ
ȻˣʮѹɷҲȻ޷һһǱĳסһ㡣
ʮ˫ԲĿ¶֮ɫ˿Ŀ䣬ɫûκһ˿ͬ飬һֵʮ˸һɲǼ䣬ֻ۾Ѫ˿Ѫ
㡭ǣ֮
ΪǺ˶Ȼɫ˹һɲǣ·׹ޱ޾ĺڰԨ
ֻգһİ֮޾ϢӣأԲʮĻľȫһ˲ʧȥ

ʮһ˺Ȼʹ಻۾Ѫ˳ģǿǴ˿̣һܹѵÿݣ

䣬ָһһɲǣ·ؼ
ֻ顱һ죬ʮѹɷʱϳأʮһҲˣһͫ𽥷Ŵ˫۽ϺɫҲûκһ˿ϢͬЩ̼ήĲľһ㡣
㡭㡭
ֻʣΪ׵ĺ˻Ǵ˿̣һ㻺Ŀ־壬ǱҪ£ܹõֶΣ
ડડડ
ĽŲκϢĿҰ𣬸˼ֺ⡣
һ˹ȥ˫ĿԲȻ޷һ̣Ҫʹ̰࣬ðǣһҲѾˡ
˭ġ
֪ʱѾߵǰ˿̱ûκθ飬ǺŶȻѹȻȴ޷ٿ˵
ң¥ħ̣Ƹ󡭡ǣš
ٴǵ˵ʱһ˫۾һ˫ۣɱ˳סˣ˵Ҳ˵Ҳֻʹһ
ˣ㿪ڡ
䵭䣬ͷһֱ̽ԪȥһɲǣɫȴǺȻһ䡣


0115 
ʯһ˲䣬ջƣ͵һԾͬʱһ˲䶯ȫĹ
¡һ촫һн˲ҷһɿֲӿʹȫ˿Ա˳ȥ
䶨վȣһӿǰ̳ǺˣҲѾҷˣոһ˲䣬Ǻ˵Ԫ֮
û뵽ʮԪ˽ƣһͼǿп̽ԪôԪᡰԱ
żʱҲͬǺһҷˣʱе־գʮ˾ںˣֶξ
̳ܵصղŵĵطҪҳһ˿ۼȻոЩ˵ʬ壬ѱըûҷʲôҲû¡
Ĵ˿ֻҵһƬɫķƬǹɷ¡
һ죬ǹɷƬʰ˹Ƭ̣֮´϶ñǰȥˡ
ããҰԲʮκһ˿ϢľѿήһЩطŸոյһƬȥʮֹ졣
̧ƣ˿һ޵Ĳ֮ʲôҲö֪ǺǻȻ֪
гδɾ裬δ֪ոʮ˵ݣѾ֪Ѿ¶ˣϹƪħ˼֮º鷳
ڣΪҪִ⽫žŻѪøˣ⿴̫ƽ£ŵӿܹףݺ˾˭Ҳö֪֮һУǱô򵥡

һձƣһջס£ҹʱȻһڴʱ˹˭
ʶѷǵܱȣѰ紵ݶȻֱܷǸոһ޵Ϣһ֮ˣ
ݣ
һΣչ׷˳ȥҹ˾īգһбңӰ涣ǵӰԺȥˣһš
˵Ϣָһ˲һѪ룬²ʩչ˼£̱׷⡣
ʮĵطǵӰͣˣԼԼɼһҲһɫۣ˿̱ƺ⽫˴
Ҳͣˣصҹˣν¡
СѲؽţҲǵˡ
ת֮£ȴһԲϵȴǣóǸ֡
Ҳδ仰κξ裬ĻѪҲɲ֮£ʱգѱòκˣҲȻ䣺ҹˣ֪ν¡
˫ָòŵСĴΣš
ŴԣĿ΢΢һĻѪҲ˼֣ԵʮֵȻԸꡣ
תȥҹĻԼԼɽЩ֮СɱҲǻδɱ
Ŷ
Ŀ⣬ʵ˵֪Щں֮֡
߲δ̻شĻȴǷʵСѡܷ³֣
Ǽ˷룬Կ϶ǣɵ˾ɱҲħЩħɱ֮£˭ʦı｣ѵ
ҹ˵Ʈã߲Żˣŵˡ
š֣ﾹδһ˿Ͼ쳣ƽߵһ仰ȴɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǰڵǸɣҲ˵ˡ
һ仰ɫǺܿ죬ָֻ˹һ·һУŶҲ޹ء
תСö룬˿̿ջȥô
Ȼ΢һѪʱʧˣֻص棬ã˭
˿صʱδʱʱȻף㣬Ķ֡
ǰҹңΪΡ
˿Ŀɱ䣬ջػѪ룬Ѿȫǰˣǰ˵Ҳ򵥡
߿˵ҸոѾ˵ˣСѵĴΣաҪɱ㣬ν練ƣʵһ棬Ŀǰõ
˵ʱһֱҳЩϸ΢仯ʼգ϶ûгκһ˿仯
ǰҪΡ
뿪ԪԽԽá
߿һ̣ڱʮĿǰΨһܹķ


0116 
磬䴵һ̣˳Ĭ
ãſڵǰҪ뿪ԪŵأƺЩŷ
֪дһʣ˵ֻ죬Ҫȥ𣬷ǵ˳𣬸ԼվңҪҵˣѾԪˡ
δ롭
΢΢һǰߣƺ֪飬£ǷҪԣδѲԼǽ򷭸׳죬ʲôã
߼ݣȻһӣȥһֽס֮ϸ֮£ȴһöĽҶӡ
ߵöҶӣȥǵķ¥ҵһΪˣԻָһС
δ̣ǰմ
ĽҶӣһ̿ߣԽôΪˣ֪£ԶԵ޹㣬Ψ֮£
һֱȥ˫ָŸһ£òŻҥ¼䣬޼֪ˡ
ҥ
˽ҥôδţߵľΪ֪أ
⡭
΢΢عͷһϵˣ֮òҪ׶ˣ֮֮
Ŵԣ΢΢һݣ˾ԼĲ֮Ҳۻ𣬾ʲôˡ
ˣգǻټ
һۣ˫һ㣬ԶƮȻȥгʮԶȻֵˣˣѾ㴦ˣ٣֪
˵һ䣬ߵӰƮһ㼴ûӰȥķԽɻ󣬴ΪζԼ˽⣿
һص֮ǰĿջԺӵǽ£ȻϢʬ壬߹ȥ˵ʬ巭˹ֻüĸһӡȻǽüĴ룬˲Ԫ
΢΢һܹϢɱˣַüһ족롰һͬɱΣոߵĽҲǳ뻯
Լȥ¥Ǻ⣿
ҹ绺ԺҶɳɳ죬ȡöҶӿ˿һλδԺȥ
λԪ֮ôһƬһɳĮٴղִܵ
ԵʣǲŵԼиҲԪнö֮ǷзħһڣԳɷ
Ҳ˶ӣ෸֮ˣǱӵ˶ǣڳŲ֮ͽҲ಻Ϊ֪ĺڰӰ
ǣÿÿҹĻʱ
ǣ˭˷˵ĴħͷǷɵ֮ͽ˶ǣǱһضǵĹΪ֮һǷ¥
ֱǶ޼
ڶǳά㶦ľ棬Ʒƽ˾һ壬ʵڱʱ޿թڹȥǧҲδŪǷꡣ
ƽȶĶǣʵİԽԽӿˡ

ǰո¹һ꣬ﻹЩȣƻ轫һпȥԵþڽϣΪһۣЩעĿ
ǣ֪¥ģֻȥ˴֮ҲԶԶǰԤϣ˵һǣ˵һС
һ̣ƹ񣬻мСơ˽ƹʱЦкλֵܣﶼϺõıУѪ룡
Щͳƹ£¥ôߣ
ܵͣһɲǣǵ̵ƹһסˣҲԭأֵپˣһ̶վԭزˣһֵֺ
ɱ
˫üһ壬һ˲䣬ĸӦһ˿ɱһ˿ɱԱﴫԲԶ߸µӡ
ʶʮ񣬼ʹͷҲܿ߸ӵģ·ϵһֶơ
ոʡ¥ôߣ
߸ΪһЦЦؿĿȴΪơ
תȥ´Լﲻ¶񣺡Σ
Ǻǡ
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ΪŭһʱŷӦһȫüͷһ壬ǣ˶֣Ҳ׸ԪһߣһХ顱һʱ㽫ǳ˳ȥ
˶÷׷ԶȥǱ̵ƹƸŵɫɷףոմԼҪһ˵Լйأǻˣ
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ӲǱˣǶХ߸ĩأ˳߹ӡ
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˵գֻתһȥȴڴʱվס
һͣס˽Ųͷһƫ䲻ȵص»к£
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صԽԽˣһ߽˶ס˺ⶾ߹ӵֶΣǿɲǲ֪һ֮ɫ䣬ֻһָԲʮڴݲ
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Ҳתһ̣Ŀţϵķâһ㣬˲
ֵߵ˶ŵòϢ˵Զȥ
صԵһЩϳǣ¥ڶǣǡҪ뿪ӵߣձ뿪ϳǣ˭˵һ


0117 ɱ
ԭȵĿһ˼һ㣬˽Ըеһ󵨺߹ӵĻֻ˵˵ѡ
һ̣˵ˣ䲻ȵҲһ仰˲ңҲˣңڡ
һ仰ǾȺը˶еһûˣûκ˸ڶĵط˸˵˽աɣ

һ綾߰£һ˲䣬ȰǰĶһˣڵһƬʱֶȥȻؾ綾һ֣̣ʬ޴档
ǶͣһݣǶȴ̶Ƭ̣Ǵ˷ֶ
üͷһ壬ȫһ˲һԪĶֵ֮⣬һӰȻȴԹֻĺȻҲſµľ綾
飡
һ죬һƴײʱ߷һҡΣֻĶϴܳǰһ㻤ԪǶ޷ʴ
֮棬ͽ
һߣˣԭɫĶһ±ɭɫȻʼȾԪ磬΢΢һ˵вԼ֮ϣȴʤһҪס䶾
һЦƱӶ㻹˼꣡
ɷɷɷ
һϯֻɭ̶һ»û˶ߡ򼡢ЫӵȶΧ˶ŵɫɷףȻȴأУȻһ´ԭʧˡ
أ
һݣû˿Դ嶾ѣǸոһ˲䣬ǰǴ׵ĸȴȻһʧˡ
ӵģ
ʱȻһֻԭյĶ֮УȻһ㻨֣һ㻨ԭ춾һɢˡ
²ɵһȥʲô˫һƣīɫʱӿ˳ȥ
顱һ죬һΣʮಽվ־գΪܹƿĶ
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ֻеһϢҪ˹ȴ⡢⡢⡱ȥһ·ʯҲȵ÷顣
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䡱һȻһн÷飬ƣȴͣǰĵط
ͣһ˷㾲˽ĿɿڴֻĴһƺ֣֮ͣΪոյһɲ˳ҥĻ֮òҪ׶á
ոҲ֪Ϊλôصɱġ
罥Ъؽعղһ˲䣬Ҳܵһ˿µϢ޷
˿Ǳһи޹ģȴǺ֮ɫôҶ֣
һ̣Զ˶ס˺˫ôģǶХĵӣһë˽뿪ǡ
˿̼֣ظ޿ˣһЦǶǣǰʲôˣʲôеܻ͵
䴵˵˿ֻţոһ˲䣬ΪɱͻȻ࣬ƺǴǴζò֮ɱЩ˿ʼġ
˿̳ɱһҪʩ͵Ϯһ˲زɱһƽ˳ȥ
رһɳȥû˿ֿ֮漸ŵĵѣæס߹ӣ
Ϊ֮
䣬һǰȥˣֵߵ˶ŵæȥһ̸Ŵϴĺ⣬е󵨺û˸˶Զ߹ӳ֣˾Ǻ
棬صһ±綾һ㣬Ȼ䣬ֻȫһһ̧·Ȼһ̵׶ӡ
׶â󣬲ѰıУǶķ׷̡׶һ̣ɢ
ɱģȫ׷̣һ³ȥһɲǣ˶ס˺ɱ⣬ޱ޾ĺɱ⣡
ǣޱ޾ĺɱ֮£ȴƺһµɱ⣬һ˿ɱ⣬أǡǶ棬һ˫ۣ
ݣ
âһһöѪ˳ȥ˲صü֮Уһɲǣͣˣ׷ҲͣˣԶ˶ԭء
ֻվԭһһͫ׽Ŵ˫ʧȥɫʣϻȻơ


0118 ¥
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漸˲ȻѾһ˿Ѫɫͫ׽Ŵֻ۾˿µϺɫκϢͨһ浹ȥ
׷Ҳʱʧȥ˹â׹ȥ
ӣ
Ǽ˸ŵûɢҲסˣˣ˾Ȼɱ˶߹ӣ
ʱǰߺȻ˼Ӷĸ֣ԼнˣȻǷ߶ġ
һ˾˹ɱ߹ӣ뿪
ǽ˿˿̵ڵϵأǰֲģһҲͷβסˣƬ̲ŷӦʱͣסȥ·վסʲôˣ
ûͣ£ĽŲصڽֵϣ˲˿ϣ·һЩϢһ··ߵĻݲҲѸٿήˡ
Ϊ֮أ
ǽ˽ԸеһɲȻǿţǴ˿ɺ֮£Ǹ֮ҲҶһ£ֻţ˴м߹ȥ
˿Զһ¥ϣվһµӣһȦɫԵΪɣ˿̿ԶȥıӰڲϲ
ոһɲ紵ͷϵĶۣһ˲ˣѾȥʮһ꣬һ۾ϳˡ
ʮһǰ˴Ϊе鶼ƽϢǴ˿̣·ڻǽˣʮһجΣÿÿҹһۣ·Ϳץȥ

ǵҹǺģû˰ȣ·ÿһ䣬ӰЩӰ棬ǿɱ
һϢĵطڶȴһƬǰ£ҹҹϸ衣
һ̵Сһ㣬ĻƮ裬ǵãʿľۼ֮ءÿÿҹĻ٣һصķ羰
Ƕ֮һķ¥
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˵ʱһȻﲢˣʱȻһŮöԹ񡣡
ֻǺһĵĺŮӣŮǷ¥ʮĺ켧֮£˼ˣʱͷȥˣ켧ˡ

켧΢΢ף΢ǰӯӯһЦӣ롣
ޱ飬¥쳤ȣСˮ鿣¥ֻϸ費ϣ¥¥±ʱʱȲʡ
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¥±ߵĸСˣӭŮӣЦٻ⣬һһ߲֪͵ЦЩʲôͨͨʵҲаϵС
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ұŮӼһּһۣȤȻЦÿĹѽֻ˷¥һۣδЩɷ羰ˣù湫ӽ¡
һ˵ţŮ쵽ǰȻĿһ䣬һ½סˣһɲǣ̵Ҫ˶ɱһ㣬һ±䵽˼㡣
Ӵ
ŮüһӣŪ
ɿ켧˿һۣȥд˰ɡ
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ŮһЦǰŮ±ȥˣһ·Цʲôʱʱֻعͷ
ߺ󣬺켧һЦǲ£һʶ롣˵գ˸ơ
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켧Ц˴ˣԺƬ̣ȥ㣬ǻԺдӡ
û˵һۣǰȥ켧ͷһЦţȥˣŲԶȥ
ʣһڷһʱ䣬ȻмŮӵЦ𣬽ŲԽԽͣ˷⣺𣿡
ǲĸŮ˽ЦӯӯҪźӡ
ˣȥ
䣬˵ʱľƱʶĸŮӲѰ輧аϵĵС
ҹһƣȤ磬СŮ湫Ӹһɡ
һŮӯӯһЦߵǰ˫һʮָϣһ
СŮӣҲֻ׾ˣĪҪЦ
һŮһЦҲ裬Ů˹ȥһһңƣӣ롣
һգԾɲΪȻɽһ㣬ǸٵŮȻһЦӾΣ
ɫ䣬ͷһĿվƱһӣȤ˵գҪȥ
ĸŮӵʱһŮʱվ
ɫżģͣ俴һۣΣ
ֻĸŮ亹乣ǸٵŮӵͷòãӾ˵ǹȥֻ»ᡭ
Һθɡ
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ֻص֮ǰλЦ˿ǰѾǰˡ
û˵ֽһŰöҶӴȡݡһ˹ȥ䲻ȣң¡


0119 
ӯӯһЦ˽һر˷ŴسǰǰѾ߹ˣӵĴʮΣգŵʵνֻ졭
Įֽһ£ֻܹˣʥ˭
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ֻӷǵ飬Ƕ컯˲֮νɾޣֻڡǱá
˵ĸ֣ȻһݣԺʮǰǰԼʱ֡
ĳؼ䣬ؼ䣬Чκ¥
һ䣬ֶƱһ¡
ϵдһ˵Դ˿ϲ̫仯ǴЦݣȻǰ¥Ӽ¥ֻСŮϣԺӵǴ˵֮ʱǷ¥ѡ
һ˵ţֻһ˹ߣ̴ľ㼸ϵİƺƣ΢Цȥӣ롣
ӹƱһ󣬽ƱһӣϣԶĵˣҲСԶѡ˵գȥˡ
عͷһصľƱЦ
ﻹк£
ͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷĿ˿̴¹һ㺮䡣
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ҡҡͷ˵ǻ޼Х߸ӣӽհϳɱ֮ˣ˱Хĵ߸ӣء
ǹΪĳɱô
תͷһֻۣһۣ·ҪĿɱһ㡣
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һ䣬ȥˣȥıӰӣӣȴ֣ôĲһͷ·𡭡
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ɳɳ
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ֻȻһŮӣŮһȹ续ɣһЦȥķЦһرء
ýҹֻΪɣ
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һɲǣҪһ㣬ձ쳣ĺ䣬˵񣬶·𽣷һֱãһЦ̫ˡ
ŮҲЦЦˡ

¹䣬뿪¥˼ջס£صк󣬱㼴ʼ˹Ȼһʱ޷ӦԪӤ˫üԽԽ
һ£ΪԵʣԪӤȴҲ޷޷ԪӤζŽ޳ܵͨ
ԪӤһ;ķˮ룬ľ󣬱ܳԪӤܶһҲ޷ԪӤЩһԵ
ȻһЩ˲аһЩаķԪӤԼ˱аޣΪݡ
ֹ˰ʱУԾ޷ӦԪӤҲγԪӤʧˡ
˿¹սУյ̧ͨƣһ޵ո֮ʱԼѾһ˿ԼԼ
һ˿ƺǴһζòʱֵģÿһΣһ˿ؼ֣Ҳ֪
ʱһ˿ϢڲصüܸӦһݣ뿪


0120 ԪӤ
ǸŹˣǽӵġ
һŮӵĳκ˱ǻȥ
ǡ
ŮӻЩԥʱһ紵ǴһŮӵʱ˸ʹ˿̸Ŵɴ·ܸܵеԶȥ
ĸŮߺϥ£ΣٸܵԪӤ
ǵʦ˵֮Уı˺һҪﵽ˺һʹԪӤͻĳֽʹԪӤܹӦܹһԼһصףƬصз򣬽Լ
ȵʱ㷲ˣҲƽΪҲؼԼеη塭˵ǰۣǴﵽһܼľ硣
̾һߵߣԺҵ¹⣬вֶ˼ֳ࣬δԼ֪ǲԼҲ
紵Ӱ涣¹⣬Ҳǽⲻĳ

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ʱиˮСƾʵСֵܣ淢£
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ˡGGGǱи۵Ĺˣ㿴
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ڹȥļҲǵôϿΪʱ򶼲ô档
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㿴ңվڷ¥棬Ƿ¥档
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˵ݻһһ㣬Ƿ¥ŷ⸽һѻҷ
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˿ֵ˾޷˵Ҫ˺һ㡣
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Ҳע⵽ˣһʼע⵽ˣʮֲһϲһ޳ԪӤĸ֡


0121 ԪӤ֮
һɲǣ쳣գ˲䲽¡һ㣬˶еһ󲻺ߣעһһ
Ҳ׼ߵΪͬСɣվκ⡣
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ûиոջһƺƴ󣬵һɫâȴľҲ緽ǰ⣬ȫ˫һţݷ
ݣһǵâŵӹеһϢһ̻վΣɽѶȻ
ҪܣȴȻֻӲ˫Ƶֿ顱һײʱø̳˳һӿɢһ

˫Ŀ΢Ȼ䣬ֻһ̧һâֳһɲǣ˸Ǹе޾ǡԪӤ֮
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ǻǰһˣ˿̻ģЦոû˵ڷ¥棬Ƿ¥𣿡
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һ޷ֵԪӤֻ֮еһϣһǱĳסˣԪ޷ȥԪҲҪԷ
Զŵɫɷף޳ԪӤ֮˵ĿֲԳһܹӵù
飡飡飡
Ѳѿڼˣһʹ֮ɫȴҲҪβѶԷԪӤ
Ȼ䣬Ժֳ˼鷨һɲǣ·Ӧһ˿΢ĸӦһ˿ӦԼԪӤ
ǡ
һݣԼԪӤѻ٣֮ǰζ޷ӦΪδ˿ԪӤ֮£ովһ˿˿ĸӦһ˿ĸӦ·ԼһƬأκη
飡
һ죬ƬƬѣһ˲䣬ȻߵԪӤ伴ʱһԱƿʮԶ
Զ˽һôܣôѵÿߵԪӤ
Ȼע֮ѿˣԶҲסˣոһɲǣΪˣȴҲû뵽ԪӤѻ٣ôѵÿʹԪӤ
ô¡
Щţ˵һû޳ԪӤˣѾ޳ԪӤ֮ˣһԪӤҲδػѵˣɸոմΪξѵÿ
ܡ
ֻһȻָӡһƬâһ¸ǱȸղŻҪֲöˣʹԶԶˣһɲҲ·ԪҪչȥһ㡣
һΣ򲻿ӵùǧһ֮ʣԶȻһɫӰָֻһһâٿȻ䡱һߵâֵסˡ
϶㼸ĵУȴһԪӤ˵ȥͲ±Ц𣿡
ǰߣȴһµİߣȻҲ޳ԪӤɽʹԪӤ֮£
˵˿Ƿ¥ʹ磬˳ʹһΪδ͸
ʹȻ֣һºࣺɱ˱߹ӣʹĪҲҪ𣿡
ЦܣȻˣǷ¥棬Ҳҷ¥ĵطˣ˭Ⱑ
ǾĪˣôˣ˭Ҳӣ
ʹһȻ˫һƣâʱХȥԪӤ֮ϮҲ˫һƣâҲһ³˳ȥԪӤ֮ײ¡һʱһ
˽Ա˳ȥǴ˴ŷ¥ķֻ¸ոһ£ڳµˣȫҷˡԪӤֵĽ֣Ƿܿ
ۼ˵ڶŲ£ȥֶǵûٵɡ
ʱؼһŮ¡ûꣿ
һͻأǴǾһ±ʹɢȥˡ
ó˵֮˾ģһ̣˽亹乣Ҳٳһڡ


0122 ɲŮ
ˣҷ¥ĵطץˣ˭ǵĵӣ
һŮٴ𣬲˽Դ˸Ƿ¥¥ɲŮ
ѭȴɲŮӰһϢҲܲȴ˶˵ľ
ջƣƽϲһ˿˿ȴ޹һ㣬ɲŮڱչôѵѾˣ
֪ɲŮֶα£ȻмĵУȻ޳ԪӤڷ¥ĵطԷҪȡν練ƣѴ֮
Ŭʹƽ˹֣֪¥٣Ŷеһ˵ţһ۲Χı仯
˿ʹҲ㵨ľĪ˵ǻߺʮˣ˿̾ǲû˭õɲŮʱ֡
ߡ
ɲŮһߣҷ¥ν£һɣǱХˡ
һʮ˸ŵĵѣñˣˣˣ
һ̣˸˵
߱亹ֱ˶ָȥ˵ɱ˱߹ӣҵȽǰ˴أð¥֮¡
Ŷ
¥ﴫɲŮǲ˽ǣǽǲҪҷ¥ˣ
Ŵԣʶ˿ѵʯשһĸϰ£˵ȷʵͻֻǡ
ˣȥɡ
ѻ˵꣬¥㴫ɲŮ䵭
ԥƬ̣ǽ˳¥Ӧ֪ǵĹأ˹ǰ£ɱ˱߹ӣ¥Ҫִ̻ҽҲߣһ¥ȴδ⻵˹ء
أ
¥ٴδɲŮжǵĹأҷ¥Ҳз¥Ĺأҷ¥Ĺأҷ¥Ŀˣ˭Ҳˣ
һ仰¾Ⱥ˽һ紵˸ҳڴ
ָ߽ԶһֻۣվԭأԵʮִ򶨡
ôߣ
¥ٴδɲŮ䵭ȻߣǾҷ¥Ͱɡ
仰ǽʮŵûɢæߵ˵ɫ߲ʵһۣŴȥ
ߡ
ֻ¥ﴫɲŮһߣû
𽥻ָƽһ·ĵ棬ʲôҲûΧ۵ȺҲɢˡ
ߵǰһЦλСѷŵ죬֪ɷ¥һ𣿡
֮
ǰһԷ¥Щ輧û˿ȤǸոע⵽ˣʹƺԪӤһǾͨԼ
ߣ¥£ȡ裬ıΪҪܾѾԼƵһѣҲһˡ

ҹһ¸ɪɪƬƬҶ
˿ڷ¥һ簴üԽԽãջȥʵС˵ţԼԪӤڼ䲢㷢
վԺֳֽΣʵգδҪٵԼԪӤֻǵʱ뽫һһ޷ǱǵԪӤˣٽĹ˲ͷţǵȫԪӤӲһ١
ܵδЩ嶯ȻڣԷΪ¡
ЩˡȥΪʦ
˿ĬȻ̾˵ĳԪӤһоԪӤ֮Ҳȫ⣬ĳǲ׺һڣСѵԪӤĳΪˡ
˵˴ͣһּ¥ĵԶĳ֮ϣа취¥Ҳûа취Ļô¼ֻһطֻһа취ˡ
˭
ת
ҡҡͷǸطȥĳ֮¥ȿɡ
û˵תȥ翴˿䲻֪ǰС¥Ǻ⣬֪¥ǽСѵѵġ
ô
Ŵһ£֪ΪΣһ֣Ժ뵽ģǰ˼ȴģ

˿̣ڶϱߵĶУȼ̵𣬽˵ӳԽ£˱ǶıХ졣
ʹվ·Ĭòŵʧְδܽ˴
Хһ̧ɫԽˣ㣬ǳŮҲͣߣѵΪҲ֪ʲô
ʹĬһХʵɲ鵽˵
ʹ룬˵ˡܱǰǸͽһ
һ
Хһ±øɭȻˣֲãֲɲŮҪ£ˣԭˣõúܣõúܡȵȣ
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲôʹȥĿ⣺ȥصʬ
ʹ֪Ǻ⣬ֻ˵ͷȥˣԼʱ䣬Űصʬ
Х쿴ǾѾڵʬ壬еĺˣȻһɱǿҪϸˡ
ʹ̽ʬڷ˵棬ãŵֻüһڣһ˲ήԪҲһ˲ɢȥԷȴδκһ˿Ϣɱַ¡δ
üһڡȵȡ
Х߽һЩָüһڵλã˼ãҡͷǶŹ£ǰ

ʹɫ΢΢һٴطڵȥر²Ҳ嶾¼ʲôܹһ˲أԪҲ޷룿
ѵǡ
ХɫԽԽˣȻʹȥʹȥ飬һǴӺδ߹ÿһطҪϸһҪҳⰵԴ
ʹЩ⣬ȥǴ룬ʮѣǵ˵ͷȥ顣

Х΢ֻĿؿȥ˫۸ȥ㰲ĵߣΪһ㱨𡭡

ʱȥ죬ڷ¥һ¥ﾲ⼸Թ෽ȥӦԪӤʧˣЩҲΪֻԪӤ֮£Լһɲоڻ¡
ડડડ
ȻһĽŲӣ𣿡
ۣ⿴һۣ£
¥ռϣ빫ӹȥһˡ
á
վԼ޷ԪӤɲŮԪӤҲδɣֻ֪鲻ô򵥣ԷȻʲôҪ


0123 ı
ҹĻ֣ϡ¥ĿҲûж٣ȥ¥棬԰һ׵Ĺǰ
˴ȷ¥ط࣬ǹǰʮյҡżأаӭʢƮ㡣
ӣ롣
溬΢Цְ˸롱֣Ǻ£ǰһֵ¥ӵˡ

ﴫһŮ°ɡ
ǡ
˹֣ȥʧҹĻ¡
ãɲŮ¶أӺפ㲻ǰ
ɽҴ˿һβҽ
ȥһȥŵһɵ㣬ֻгؾţȴŮӾס֮Щ̻Իۻҵ
Щ΢΢£Լɼһɴҡɴһ齣ϲһòŮӡ
ֻ΢⣬ȴҲڲŮӵľò
һǱɴֻŮӱǣ֧ãϣ˫һգգĿ߽
˵δ·ֻԶ۶£ôǰŮӣǾ޲ɷֻһۣߵ
ߵɴʱͣɵǰŷɥɲŮǶԷ˿ֻһСѣٿδԵЩʧ
㱾ӵĸͽǰ;˵ǰΪһħŮӣϧʦţϧԶϾ£ԪӤʱȥġ
ɲŮЦЦص
ɲŮĳҹǰ룬˵Щ޹ؽҪ顣
һؿ˿̷·˵һԼ޹ϵ¡δ벻ʲôħŮӣҲǰ㱳ʦţֻЩ¡ֺΪ˵գ
׵Ȼףˣ˵ٶк棿
ˣԪ飬뱾кθɣ
ɲŮһЦԪӤ֮£ʹѾ˵ˣҪԪӤҲʲô£ֻڴ֮ǰ
˵˴ͣϸϵɫ仯Ȼʼնûκһ˿仯ƽƽصȡ裬ıɲŮ˵޷
Ҫȥ޼ȡһ
һ̣ɲŮ񣬺ȻЩ˵ԣȻڱصá
¥ƣ޼ɲ⣬ɲŮڶ֣Ҳ޷޼õĳкαȡأ
ɲŮҡͷһЦԪо仰ĪԷƱǰ򣬲Ӧ仰֮£ҲֻӲбȡá
Ȥ
䵭һЦһ̣ҲЩ΢΢仯֪ҪԼȥ޼ȡǺԸꡣ
ɲŮЦЦɴ˳˫㣬覵ļ͸һɵ㣬ϣһϢ
Ǳδ룬Խ䵭˿ѱΪǰǵŮݡ
ɲŮߵǰȻһЦָϣӿ֪ϣͬʲô㿴ʱԶô䡭
ָ֣صⲢӰ죬ɲŮҪȥȡص
Ǻǡ
ɲŮһЦǸȤСһˣˡ˵˴תȥѾġ
Σ
ǲ䲻ȡ
ɲŮתģҶʲôһȤҲûУϾ˶Ź컯ʲôħʦľҲֻıɽһǶѡ
ء
Ӻβҽʣ
ɲŮһ˫ͣһżҪǡھϾ޼ɭ޵ɭ޵ӣܹȥ
һΣûټѯʣֻѻꡣ
޼óһűаܹ˻ĿܣֿܲԹΪΪǹ룬Իʬ
ɲŮԽ˵ɫԽˣʬһŵϢض𹥻ʬһ𹥻Ȼ޼ǡ
˵˴ͣѾŲµʲô
ֻѾղڣһǱȥֻͷЩʬ㲻ṥ㣬˳ɭ޵֮ء
ô򵥣
Ȼֹ
ɲŮЦЦΪ޼ôöԸʮ壬иᣬȻȥǰһϣ˴һһƻ
ˣĳǡ
ٶתȥˣɲŮȥıӰӯӯһЦ
صݣɫ䣬ڴ̨ߣһ޵ĺΪԼڻһ
ǽδڵԼϲԼ
һۣһۣ·ǸجΣѪɺӣ¶ʬ壬Լ˫մѪ
Ȼ䣬ۣһɲǣ󾹱亹ʪˣոһ˲䣬Ժһͷ
ԼǲǡʵѾˣ


0124 ޼
ˡˡˡ
ʱȻ˿վҲе棬Ϊʲô߽ˣҲδо쵽ⲻ
˭
عһĨϵ亹ȥ
ӣҡ
£
ո¥˸һЩ湫
ˡ
⡭
û뵽Ҳʲôܾˣ˼Ƭ̣˽ȥֻһУ֪װŵʲô
¥˵ӵԪӤˣΪлȣЩùӾȹΪ
һ˵ţһ߽ǽдˣӴ򿪵һ˲䣬һʱ䡣
ֻǺװŵģһЩĵرʲôǧ֥ѩΡһöɫĵҩ
ҲδȥһۣҶл¥⣬˹֮ĳ¡
⡭
ҧ촽ʮΪѣ˵Ȼ֪¥һƬ⣬ҪΪѣҡҷˡ
һ˵ţһֻǽϣȥ
ȵȡ
סˣתӻк£
ǰǰ¥ҹ˵ָ£֪Ҫҵˣںδ
ҡ
ԥƬ̣ҡͷҲ֪ҪҵλѲԪǳǰҵġ
֪ǰݣ
ǲһ㣬ЩΪѣĬòŵǸӡң˵
ˡ
֪˵ǳҥʲôˣΪ֪˶£ĸҲҪΪǰ
ʵ֮ǰǰ¥ҹ¥ȥ޼ȡһ£ǷҲǳǰ˼

û뵽ôһ˵ǲҡ֣Ҫҥʲôһ˵£ǽǰ˼
ɡ
Ŀһһ̣ٴһ˿ɻæ죬·˵©ʲôæǡǹޱ£
ȥɡ
֪ʲʲôˣ˻֣ȥ
¹ˮһһذ壬ص̨ߣҵ¹⣬ֶһ˿ꡣ

˰ʮһٴȥɲŮĹֻͨϴʱࡣ
ɲŮҲڵ򣬼߽һЦˡ
˵ļƻ
ܴϴů࣬ȴʼ䣬ɲŮӯӯһЦӲȽѻϡ
һ˵ţһֻȡһɫѣֻѣŮ
￴һۣ䲻ȵص˰µļƻĳЩڵĶ
ۣ
ɲŮһЦԽԵ˶ˣЦֻίһˣҪ޼ֻݳɷ¥ˡ
Ҳᴩ
һ˵ʮࡣ
һʱ󡭡
ÿ
ɲŮ´Ѿϵ̲סһЦϧҲжȻϲڵģ
ֻ棬ҡһ䣬Ȼ˷¥ľˣ˵ɲŮδ뻹ЩҲӦ޼ˡ
򵥵ı仯֮Ӳи֮˵Ļ۽𾦵ģֻþ
Ǿ濴һۣüͷһøˣɲŮæüüױỨģ㿴Ҹ㻭õüһˡ
Щţһ˺µɲŮȻҲȻһ棬ֻǴ˿ȴû˼˵Цǰһһɽˡ
峿ɲŮʮ˸ǰ޼νᡱÿʮһεĻ飬޼ٿ´αǶǷ¥ת
ϴȥ޼ʮͷɲŮǡھϾҲʮͷ
һεʮ棬˸ɲŮߣ޼ʮ޼Χǽ棬Ȼʮ֮еС
ʱһ˲ڴԽ˶вƬɽ룬޼ڵǡ
Ŀȥֻݽ£ֻǽ٣¥ڵĶҪ࣬ҲΪǶԵʡ
Ƭ̣ѾңңһƬɭϵĴ¥޼ֻǽգȴΨ޼Ͽպܲ·һ޴ĺڶȥ޼˼ɭϿ¡
ϵĿҶɳɳ죬һ޼һΧǽ֮⣬˴䱸ʮɭϣŽ󷨺Ѳ뵥Ǳǲܣݳɷ¥ˣɲŮǲ˻ɡ
ڴ˴š
ɲŮתڵʮ濴һۣ㼴Χǽȥˣ޼Ĺ㳡޼ڣǴ˴ٿĵط
ҹɲŮѾһ޼ϸͼѾ޼ĵ˽⡣
޼޼ĵֱǡ޳ɭ޵
ڶλãɡأ˵ʵĵ֮ɲġ
޳λãɡ޳޳أ˵ʵͬɲ⡣
Ϸλãɡҵأʣ±Ǳɭ޵ɡɭء
ɭ޼εˣ޼ؾɭ޵޼ʬأ޼ɭϵĵط
˿̣޼Χǽ棬ҹɲŮȻıֻɲŮ跨ЩңȻұܿ˴Ǳ뱱ɭ޵ڡ
Ȼһֱȵƻ轫ʱ޼Ҳûκζ಻֪֮˿Щʲô
սƣ㳡ϵӰʱȻֻ޼ﴫһŭȣ˼Һ͸ô
һŭȣ˶ȻǶХ췢ġ
ֻϣձýţ֮һ׷ӣģʣüĿֻЩģ˱޼֮޼ˡ
ϣɲŮҵ
ǡ
ֻɲŮһЦĲյᴵһĵˣ˱ˣѵһֵǮ
㣡
ХǲȻŭһ´վָĻˣ
ǶᣬХ첻ʱ֮£ƫƫɲŮͱˣҪ⼤ŭһ㡣
˿ɲŮһƵЦǹأһǾ仰ǲܽģᣬǱǸʲô˭˲֪
ŴһնһסˣХɫŭЦããҲñڿ¥ɲŮмֱ£


0125 ɭ
һ˲䣬ȻֻХϣͻȻ߰˵ɲŮһ䣬һӣݣݣݣöʱƿշ˳ȥ

ֻһ죬ö뱻ХĶֵסˣ͸ĺ˸еľһɲǣԽһЩˣͷü϶һм
һ±ʮֺ䣬ǺȻ˺һ㣬˵ľ¥˺ͶҲ˽һ±Щʧˡ
֮ϣ޼΢΢üǶᣬλѣסְɡ
ߣŮס˵
Хһ뷢ţģǿ£ĩֻȫһһƥʱӿ˳ȥһ·ΰҲƷ˹ȥ
Ͳɲ
ɲŮҲһ±øӺˣĿıңʱɻ֣
ֻһӣһɫ߷˳ȥ顱һХǶһײʱһΰʾԻľм׷ɡ
˶ŵɫɷף׷ҵطܣ¥ļŮӶһۣҲȻ˷˹һ³ʧػˣ޼Ѹٸ˹
˿Χǽ棬춯޼ҲŻȥˣ¥ʮһŮӶһۣ֪ҵʱʱΧǽȥ
һҪŴʱңѾ޼ȥҪߵɭ޵ǱȥֻһΣʱǱȥ
˿޼һʧأɲŮʮŮӽ֪ɭ޵ǱȥˣʱͣХͣˣҲͣ
ֻǽһƬΰʶˣﻹͺ
޼˫ü壬˫һ𣬽ͺɢˣõôΪҪѱ޼ˡ
ɲŮһЦ˵Цˣֻڱжѣ˰ˣ˲ˡ
˵գʮŮӿһۣ㱤Уǽȥ
ǣ¥
ʮŮų滹δָȥˣ޼ۼ⣬˸ˡ
ߣ
ХһߣҲʮĸ˳ȥȴδϣ俴ɲŮˣҿⶨᣬҲûҪټˣ¥ϳǣһɱ⣡
һ˼ֺ⣬޼ˣֻⶨǹãҪ֧ˣ˶˭Ҳûкôֺα£ԪǱߣиŻأ
ߣ
ХһߣŷȥɲŮЦЦǲ磬˵ظղŵ°ɡ
ڱʱ䣬ҪʱǱɭ޵ھõ˵

ʱҹĻؼһƬѾǱɭ޵ҲԼԭװ
޼ˣƽвٶŶۣװҲ̫עĿ
˿һô棬һѲ߹ȥԶɭϴһƬȥ£ǰվɭ޵
Ѳ߹ȥ֮һɲǼһ˲ɭ޵ǰӦѱסѨ
סѨѸײڶ֮ԺԴһö롣
ҹɲŮġ롱ȴܶʱס˵ʶʱŻԶ⿪ʱԣѾ㹻ˡ
סٲԥɭ޵ȥˣһƬ֮͸
ҪȥɭõصġɭɭһΪɲ⣬Զ֮ϣҪɭõɭûпܡ
ֻǶԣȴһˣǰʮ壬ɭġɭȻȴҲһı׶ˣÿʮ죬Բ֮ǰɢȥһô񹦷ɣüѪݽ߶
ɭʮ죬Բ֮ҹɢȥ˹ڴʱһǵᾡָǿ١
˿ҹĻɭѾʼɢˣڼܲκδţɲŮһУӦǰٿȴʱչΪɣϵ˽ա
֮ڻƻʱңҲȻڵɭɢµģԶЩһǿߣһ˼ܵŮӡ
ڱڵܽΪԵʣȥˣҲòСȥȫϢ
Ϊ⣬ɭ޵ĽƱǿʮֹʶڳˣʶЩƲܳΪ谭
һĵ棬ֻĵɭ̹𣬶ڵϷʯ̨ϣһɢ֮ˡ
ο࣬ʹҲһ˸ߴ࣬ɭŵʮ𣬽ӳԽˡ
˭
Ȼ䣬ɭǾ߽κʱɢĹؼ֮ʣŵ⣬Ҳʲôˡ
źɫۣһ߽һĽŲصĵ


0126 ޼
ʲôˣ
ŲԽԽɭһ𣬹Щ߲ɢ֮գĽǿʮֹɭ޵Ҳ޷ٽˣʲôܹϢ
ʺһɭ䵭˵š
ɭд𣬵֪ɢ֮գʱԼ洫һ֮ʱȴѾȥˣѾһԪơ
һ£ɭǲȻɫʲôˣԪǿ󣬾ܹڵһԼҲ޷ͻƵĽϣ
¾ʲôˣ
ɭǷң˿ȻԵʮ򶨣ŬʹԼƽϢԷԵ޹ʶͼ
֡һ
˵ţʱѾٹĨˣɭɫ䣺㣬һ
һɲǣ·Ѿ뵽ʲô
ǡ
䵭ߵ󣬵ɭ
㡭
ɭ亹乣κ˿ɢؼʱ̣˵ùҲܶһ£ͷҲܻأֵĸоѾܾûˡ
һʲô֪ɲŮģ޼ΪУ㽫֮أ
ɭһһ˵ţͼܹ嵽ԷѾߵʱųһ̸׹˱亮̶һ㣬˵Ҳ壬һ޼

ɭȻһ˺ѷεĲҽУȴ˲дö롣
㡭㣡
һɭдɫѲҰֽ˿ǹҫ£Եÿɲˡ
˵һ飬ɭҡ
䣬ûκһ˿飬ɭٺٲЦܹɱңһһһ𣬵֪ʱɲŮҲѷɣ
ɱ㡭Ҳɱ㣬ǣԷ㡣
˵ʲô
ɭȻʲôȻȴˣֻһһ죬ϡ

һɲǣɭǸеһŤһʹ·ҲҪȥԪʹ࣬޷˵
ס֡ס֣
ֻĺҪǿдȡһɭ沿Ťǹӳ֮£޶һ¡
ͣ¡ͣ¡Ҹ㣬Ҹ㣡
ɭŤԽԽأϽѪԭҲСŸһ°˽ȥȻȴ͹ǿԪӤ
ͣ£ͣ°
ɭǲҽвֹǱˣʼûκθ˿ûκء
ͣ
һ죬ɭıѿˣѪɽ˳ϣͬʱһöɫҲѪ˳
㡭㡭úݶ
ɭ˫Բ˶ήȥû뵽ȻԪӤǿнɭȡ˳ɭ޵ö˲ɭվԪӤ
ңô
˿˱飬öڵѪɭת滺ȥˣʲôҲûһ
ǰȻûֶֺΣɭɢ֮ʣҲǿԷԪӤֶΣȻǴϰá
١ٺ١
ֻʣɭĲЦ֮ص̵ĹҲڸոϨˣ˿ɭȥóȻصȻᾪʬҪʧˡ
صǰɭصʯˣһŨŨʱվʬֻЩʬ˫һ̣̾˹һ̣ȴֺȻˡ
ȴ̧ƣһŨŨɢ˳ȥЩʬֻصԭء
˽ȥһվʬܵ
ʹЩʬһѰ˳ĵطҲеϢ߲˶Զͻ˻ȥ
˿̣ʲôҲûУЩ޷κ˺
һʬܵһصǰǲھĵطˣɭصĹֻܣϲؾȴ֪һɲŮҪġھ
ʣһ㲻ʱˣ뾡콫ھҳȻ뿪ֻ˶Ҫҵھܲȫ߰ɣ
ˣҲֻˡ
ߵ룬Ȼ˫һ̧һ˫ӿ˲Щȥ̶Ƭ̣ʮܱǿտյ
ϸ˿ʶɨÿһ䣬һЩǽǵİҲϸ̽ˣȷûκһ첽ȥ
ֻص֮ǰɭڵǼĵ棬ʶ濴һۣȻһȴüͷ΢΢һ壬ֻǵϵʯ̨ǿյһˣɭˡ
¡ˡ
Ƭ̣չȥˣɭѱ룬ỹже㲻
ȥɭ޵棬ǰ㣬෴㳡տյģſҲˣֻƬƬҶڰ𽥱ƽıɱ
ˡ
üԽԽٲɣɲһչɲŮڵ޼Ǳȥˡ

˿̣޼ɲŮХ졢޼˱չ飬޼ȴʱյһɫʱһ䣬ĿɲŮȥ
ɲŮȻҲһɲǲʲô޼һ±ü亮ˣɲŮǴҪԼ𣿡δ䣬Ȼһƴ˹ȥ
һƷͬСɣɲŮ׼ʱһƮƮȥ
һ±ʮͻȻǵһ㵣ХҲ֪˺£Ŀһ޼ʲô
޼û˫һţݷ˳ȥ˫һɲŮ򵽣ɲŮм֮࣬˳޼ʮɣһӣʮöʱХ޼ȥ
޼ڰһܿʮöǱĹڵϣһ̧ˣ£
ৣ
˷һӱӿ޼ĸ֣һƬ޷Хɫ΢΢һ䣬޼ȥ޼ڴ֣ʲô
ɲŮһЦ˵һԼԼɲҲڴ˱ôѲûĻ̥
ߣ
޼Ƶһ䣬ԶХԱһ˴ȥթСĽ䱸
ʱ¥ʮŮҲ˽ԶһɫӰ˹˲Ǳˣ
ƽƽɲŮԣ䲻ȣԴϷʵصôӣǻ̸ô
ɲŮûһۣ㿴Ѿ˺ô̸ƨ
Ŷ
˫֣һνӣɲŮԽԽɭųˣ޼ôʵô
أ
á
ɲŮ˿ܣѹ취뿪ҾĶ֡
졭ûһܹ뿪
޼䣬ֻ˫һ̧һͷ׷ţһ˵Ϣѹ
ֻԭ޼ϿյĲƺȻɢȥˣǺģһ޴̫ͼ
̫ͼﴫĿֲϢ޷Хʱɫһ䣬ָȥ޼ʲô˼


0127 Ӷ
̫ͼϢ˲޼صڱȥŮôղԸ
㡭
ХָԾЩ΢΢ٺЦǰȳȥȻٳȥڣ޼Ϳڶֻˣǲǣ
̫ˡ
޼ƽƽХȴĻ䱸ţ֮Ĺϵʮ΢˵ĵˣȴδرˡ
Ķ޼Ҳ޾壬Ǵ˿ڶԷȴȫһˡ
¥ô죿
¥ʮŮɫЩףɲŮҲͬ΢΢ɫû뵽޼ڴ˴ˡ޼󡱡
̫ͼԭͲǺ֮У޼ıҪȻԼµʱ䣿ô죿
˿Ȼ˫ָ̧ͷһϵ̫ͼ̫ͼ洫ĿֲϢ˶еƫƫ·һоҲûС
޼ȻҲע⵽˲ͬǵܹϢǱɭ޵ܹЩʬھȻ̫ͼѹȡ
ȻҲ˵һ֮Է˷¥ǽղȥˣΪ󻼡
һɲǣ¶һ˿ɱһ˿ɱĶˡ
ߣ
ɲŮԥ㳡ȥ˵̫ͼû̫ͼ޼ĵ̣Ҳû˿ʤ㣬ֻܱ֤ȫˣ̫ͼҪȫ˿¶ˡ
޼񵭵˿·ɲŮ֮ֻǡ
Χٸ޼ĸʱӵ¥ʮŮɫһ䣺¥ߣ
һ˵ţһ߼ԷЩ޼ֹȥȻƾʮˣֵܵס޼ǧ
̶Ƭ̼䣬ʮ˾Ÿʣ°˸Ҳ˲̶ͬȵˣѪֱ
һˣΪɲŮЩһֻʮͨӣĴ㣬ûմЩ˻ܻŻȥŮӣЩ£Щ˻
Ȼ䣬뵽Ǵڶ٣ϲطǶˣʱǼŮҲ˿㣬ƴδ룬ǺƺҲЩ˵ѵδ롭ҲһŮ𣿲ǡ
㻹ڷʲô㶣
ɲŮΣʱ̣˾ڳ񣬼ֱĪ
üһƽļ޼ɣüǳ岻ȥġ
ԿȻͺڰ޳Щˣ߲
ɲŮ˵ţ䣬תΪһɲǿ֮䣬ʮ֮»һƬɭɭ׹ǡ
˾սˣİ˸ҲˣʱҹĻȻ£ɭɭһƬ
Ȼ䣬ֻ޼һԾ˫һ죬е̫ͼʱתһ±һһâֱ֯ɲŮȥ
⡭
ɲŮһ˫࿹Ȼֵܵס̫ͼĹƣ˲ȥһ·ĵҲƬƬѿˣԲ
ֵ̫ͼ֮ʱ޼Ȼһ·˹̫ͼһ̫ӡ˫΢һһϴȥ
飡
һ죬һ̫ӡֱӴؿڣʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
üͷһ壬һ˲չɲӰнס
ģ
ɲŮ˲ƣһ죬Ȼһ֧͡һѪĽ֧һ£ҺȻо綾
ɲŮɫһָһԼµѨȥҪסѨȻһ˹ȴеһʹһǸ̫ӡʱסˡ
΢΢üסѨⶾɢȫҲֻ˲Ǭܷ̫ͼĽˡ
ָӡ˲䣬޼ȻҲ˲ô࣬һ´ɲŮ˲Ǭʩչ˳̼ʧӰ١
ô¡
޼ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊܹ̫ͼĽܡ

ʱͺڰ޳кҵҲڸˡ
ҹĻ£ֵɽ޼üͷһ壺޳ȥ׷ˣɲŮҵ޼ӡܲ˶ԶһŴ

ǵвһƬɽ룬ҹĻ֮£ɽţһ½Ҷɳɳ졣
ȻӰӹһǿ磬ɲŮˡ
ۣ
ɲŮ̫أһ·У̫ӡɣһѪӿ˳֮£ɫøӲ԰ˡ

תһۣɲŮؿڣҡҡͷû¡˴̧ͷھأҡ
ΪΪʳ첻ˣⶫ
һۣص˿̵ǾŮЩ֣ѵʲôھҪ


0128 ޳
ϻˣҡ
ɲŮ˿һ˳ȥ취ȥ˵ɡ
ҲܣȰھҡ
ɲŮüһ߹ȥȥüҡ
һεؿѵҪԼɭ޵ĲؾȻһһң
ڲܸ㣬ȳȥ˵
㡭
꣡
Ȼ˸ƣһ¶ö룬ֻԶɫ֮£ԼӰ
˽ѹһЩ߽֮ʱɲŮһӣöǱ˲ɳʱ˵
˴ȫʱߡ
һ۵ϵʬ壬ĻѪɲŮǰȥˣ˲һУȻᱻ޼Ͷ˽ס
һʱʱ죬Ƭɽ붼ӳóξ˱һ·δ߳Ƭɽ롣
ɲŮɫԽԽ԰ףҡͷСѱ½ƣҪȽƳ̫ӡ⿪ǳȥ
һۣҲֻ취ˣԼһˣҲ벻޼Ͷ׷١
£ѰһεɽɲŮڵϣҲ˲ʱԱߣ͡һ㽫½˺ȥֻλãһȦɫѾʼӣʹԭ覵ļȥֲ
޼Ķž綾
ɲŮ亹乣촽Ҳʮֲ԰ˣȥӣͷȡЩˮ
¿һۣû˵ɽȥˣɲŮͷ˿µһû˵ѿ
͡
һ죬ҧ֧˳ϺɫѪɫҺ˳ȥ¡
Ƭ̺һͲˮˣɲŮɫֶ˼ֲ԰ף˾䡰лȡˮ˿ϴ
޷˹԰ҰѶƳ𣿡ɲŮż
û˵ɲŮü֮ʣҲ˲Ů֮ˣߵѸȥ衣
ֻѩ·䲻֪Ļ仨ȥǳرֲȥģһʱ䣬Щˡ
ӣ
ûзӦɲŮСһ䡣ŻعԪһˣϣ˿˿ӿ롣
ֹ˽һʱɲŮɫԺתһЩ̫ӡҲʱ⿪һЩʱһ˿Ϣ͸ʱɫһ䣬˸ơ
Ҳ䱸ܹоõΪʮָߣԶǰ֮ϡ
Ǻ޳ӦáѾˡɲŮ亹乣ȥһ
ô죿
ջعϢöѪ룬ɲŮæֱһҡҡͷɡ˵Ϊô򵥣İɱ
ɷɷɷ
紵ݶ֮ԽԽǸϢҲԽԽˣɲŮò׻ָ˼ɫӣ˿Ѫɫֽȥ亹乡
ȫʢʱڣ˵һ޳Ǻڰ޳˼һ飬Ҳ˿壬ֻжԷķݣƣƲǺ޳Ķ֡
һˡ
ɲŮڲΪ֪ҹָ˼ɣԻԥ֪ڵΣӲڰ޳ӡ
˵˴ͣһתͷֻһ취Ȼ׼ʱȫȥɱֲܷûԶǱסʧܵĻ˻ضУһ˾֡
ŴԣüɲŮɵӣü˿ǣһߣΪһẦô

˵ˣϢƵ˶ڣתĹɲŮֻҲʮö롣
磬ɱƽ
ǵӰԽԽˣ¹£Ǹµߣ޳һ㣬޼£޳ĺ޳
˿ԽԽȴʮֽСģҪԸĲǱˣǷ¥֮ɲŮȫʢʱڣֻķݣ˿̼ɲŮ̫ӡĽƣҲҴ⣬ο滹иСӡ
쪣ɱҹԽԽˡ
޳ɽʮɵĵطʱһӰٿȻ˳̧Ʊһʱøľҷɡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬޳δǵӰ˭˫Ƶֿ顱һײƬƬ
ֻеϢһ裬ȫܲסɽһʱܿ󵹷˻ȥ
Ҳɻȥһ˲䣬¹ºʮâӶз˳޳һ⣬ʱɲŮĶǱ룬аСһ죬ʮöȫˡ
ɲŮʮö뾡ʧ֣˿̺ԥɲһչֻصɽ
ɲŮգɽɲ硣
޳һƽˣǲ̫⣬ֱɱɽ棬һթô죿Ͼ¥Ů˹ƶˡ
ɲŮǺЦ޳ҪҽĻͽԣģ޼ӡûٱˡ
ô
޳ԽԽˣŪʵ֮ǰóȻ
ʱһ𣬶мö˳޳æܿվ֮ǶӹȥȴʲôҲ֪˾ĸλ˰Ϣȫڲˣȫ޷ֱ
Ǻǣ޳֪޼Ϊֻһð޳һ𣿡
ִɲŮĵЦ޳ȴ˿ȥᣬҷģ˲ȥŮ˵ЩʲôֻСɽԽԽ
ݣ
Ȼмö˳޳ƣǼö飬һС̽ŶԷʵɲŮΪ벻ױ飬ѵǹԼڣ
޳ԽԽǸоʵѱ棬ֻһСɽ棬ɲŮѾüζǱˣһ⣬ȫԷˣȫ˲˴ˡ
ٴöʱһΣȴͻȻס֣ҡҡͷԼϣȴöâ롣
ɲŮö뿴˿һƺҲʲô˶һۣĪġ
ȻɲŮһӣöǱʱ˳ȥһ˲䣬ҲöѪ룬öѪ룬Ǿ׼˱档
޳Ϯͬղ˹飬ȴϣһĻѪȴȫڣһĴֱֱۣؿѨҼ档

һɲǣ޳ɫһ䣬һŤü£֪˼İ˿̸ԥ˫ּԼȫѨȥһ˲䣬ɽɲŮҲ˫˫˳


0129 
飡飡
ֻ죬ɲŮ˷ֱһһƴ˺޳ϣʱòȥ
̳ʤ׷Ϻ޳ȫһ𣬡顱һõ˳ȥ
Ҳң
޳䣬ȫһҪǻѪƳȴϵã⻯Ѫ벻֪ĸƶɣѪһڣ̻ǧ˿Ѫ֮УֱȫѪɿݣԪ֮ʧ
ڣ
ɲŮٴζһۣһ˲ȥ飡飡ƴں޳ؿڣһڽһѪ
Ȱ
޳ȫһһ˳ӿɢ¡һʱ˳ȥ
һͬСɣɲŮʱһѪӿ˳ҲеϢҲɿֲһҲѪ˳
û뵽޳Ϊ˿ֲѪ붼ѹ˵ΪѾǡϵ֮С
˶һۣϲ׿ˣɲŮһӣʮöǱʱ˹ȥҲ˲ô࣬óöѪ룬һȫ˳ȥ
룡
޳һֻáһ죬ʮöǱͻѪȫˡ
СȥѰ޳
ɲŮЩľ˲ƣٴμȥ˫Ƭ̣ȻѪ뱻޳ѹҲʹ˿ɫЩϣڵѪҺ̡

ֻ˫һһɴӿɢȥʱɲŮһϣѪӿֹ
˶һۣɲŮȻһ޳ǰź޳һöѪ룬ͷȥ
飡
һ죬Ѫһ˲˺޳ѨһڽѪ

鱻ѣ޳״۶ڱǽϺɫѪģǿһƣɲŮϣֽ˴Ѫ˳ȥ
ˡ
һ˿ɫˣϵĿֲȫͬն
ʵ޳δ̤ϵ֮лһֻ׼ϵﵽϵҹɲŮô˵ȫһ
ô죿
ۼ޳ԽԽˣ˿̵ĹȻɲŮľѡ
һɹ
һɲǣȻʮֺˣʲôһ㡣
ɲŮ΢΢һ£֪ҪʲôʱҲ˲ôˣһ˲˫ϵȥԴԴڶȥ
һ˲䣬ƬƬľƷ˳ȥȻǿ˫һţ͵һƳ޳ȥ
Ҳһɲǣһޱ޾ڱ÷ԲĻľһ˲ʧȥ

һֵֻһɺɫɲǼ㽫޳ȫס
޳Ȼһһ̾ǱĳֳԽ編Ҳ޷
ŨŨޱ޾ɲŮҲһæԾʮԶܿǲ֮ÿֲ

޳ӽŤ˫Ѫͫ¶ޱȿ־֮ɫҲ޷ݣ
ջޱ޾ʴ֮£һ߸ʬ˫۽ڣκһ˿Ϣ
ͣһֻ̣˫Щڣûκα飬ܻڵþ޷ɢȥⷽԲʮκ֮˿̶Ѿʧȥ
ɲŮվԶѾһԪԼס˿ź޳ʬ壬һֱǲ̫֮ˣ޳ĵУȻôһ֮ûС
˽ﵽǴ˵֮ʱҲӲݡ
ɲŮԽԽǸеҺԼǵˡ
ãϵʧֻתɲŮòŵˡ

ɲŮ㶵ĵ˵ͷ߻
ܿ˿ֿ˿Լڵģһ죬ЩδõĻѪ˻˵뿪˴ɡ

ɲŮԶԶģ˽޳ʬˣżǰȥһɲŮȻԶһЩͣüͷһ壺ôˣ
ɲŮֻǿ˵һŵǸҪȻڻԶһЩɣҡ
˵£üͷøˣתȥſԼʱһ·Ļľȫήˣȫʧȥ
Լߵģ


0130 
û˵̧ƣһ޵һԲǰȥˡ
˽һʱڿ뿪ƬɽˣֻҪ뿪Ƭɽ룬߲ԶǶǣ˷¥ĵطȻҲûκιǡ
ȻһĹʱ¹£ֻ˷ȻӰЩȻ޼ľɱ֣ûһΪ͵ġ
ӡ
ɲŮһ½䱸ԣֻ˿̹ƣٶɱ֣˭סѡ
Ҳ䱸ֱ˪һ㺮䣬ҹĹ֮ǰ޳ˣҲܶˣʲôҲ֪
ɷɷɷ
ӰԽԽˣ˷ˣֹԶ֪Ŷ١
ɲŮҪҹ»زȥˡ
һֻЩӰȻ˸˳˵꣬ȥ㣬ɭ޵ߵĲؾȫһ
ŴԣɲŮһԵȥЩ㵵ɭ޵Ĳؾȫˣ
Щҹɱ֣û˵ֻ˵ͷ
ɲŮȻеһѣΣĵû°ɣֲý޼ôɳôھѱ˼ʲôû¡
˲ˡɲŮͷԼȥɣҵϢһ
Ҫɱ˲ң㡣
ЩԽԽİҹɱ֣аֻ˿̵״̬ҪԸٸѵصɱ֣»δУ㱻ذ׹ᴩ˰ɣ
鷳
ɲŮһʮöǱ룬ܶԸˣοڱ¶λãº׷ҲҪˡ
ֻӰϱƽýȻȫһɲ֮ʣһ𣬺ҹﲻ֪ʲôһֻ͡һ죬ʱһѪζмʮɱĪȥ
ʲôˣ
ʣµɱֽһ˲ɫΪɱ֣óڰҹɱǸոգ˴ǰһ˲ɱǼʮˣûһ˿Է˭γеġ
ͣ
һ죬ֻһӰٶش˲ȡ˼ʮ˵̶Ƭ̼䣬ٶˣȻȫȥҲδܿʲôˣҲδܿǰѽ
ټ˿̳һѪϢֻʣΪ׵ĺɱֻվԭأ˫ĿԲһҲδ³ȥ϶һˡ
ݡ
һ죬ǵӰڳˣӶʬ˳ֻһɫۣͷϴŶñ˿ĽһѪҲδմ
ǰ
ɲŮ־ϲû뵽ҥʱ֣ܹ˲Ϣһٶѵصɱ֣¼λǰ˭أ
ܵµʬ壬ȫһÿĽÿɲŮΪǰ㲻Ƿ¥ˣʲôˣ˵Ƿ켫

ҥ΢΢ף˹˿˿ԶҹĻֵɽ뿴һۣ˵ȻȥɣڴǶϺ󡣡
лǰ
ɲŮǻϲϵͷǰǱ飬ֶκķ¥Ǵ˿ؽɵǰ¶СŮһ档
Ƿȥ߳ԶҥȻֵСѣĪҪ˵Ļ
ͣ˽Ųֻлǰ㲻ͣɲŮȥˡ
쵽ǵʱɲŮתͷµؿˣʵոճǰĻʲô˼˵ʲôˣ
û˵ֻֿ̧˿ģּĬĬͷ·ɲŮԸ˵Ҳˡ
뿪ƬɽֻǰȻʮӰΪ׵ʮʱһ뵥ϥȥͷ֣»٣¥ˡ
ǣڻȥ
ɲŮ̧̧֣һֱǸķ¥ˣ˶ǣȻκιǣһ˻ص¥ʱǳ콫
صɲŮǲԼƣǱھһ죬ڿԸ˰ɣ
Ҳ˵ˣһؾʱһأԼҰɡ˵գȥˡ
տյĴֻʣɲŮһվԭأصĲؾǿЦãѱ˵ļҶˡ
صͥԺĸݣڴ̨ߣ紵Ҷɳɳ죬һҲ֪ΪΣǶµûţʤ
̧ƣһֵĺѾԽԽˣѵԼѾɣЩʬһĹô
ԼߵģͻֱЩʬ£δǼ˿̵ԼϲԼô
£üҡ
һԸȥ룬棬տɫգѾȥȻ䣬Ժˮ顣
£򣬳޺οΨУ䡭
һĻĻٴ޷˿̵¼ţһ˿ˡ
ʦãʦô˿ʲô
ˮ顭ʦá
Ȼ䣬Ժʲôһһ±ɫʦãʦá
ֱ˿̣ȻʲôˮٸӵĽʽʦǱԼѧø죬ֻһбܼסһʽˮ顱ԼãȴҲֻǿһۣסˡ
ʦڽϵ衭
СѣĪҪ˵Ļ
ܡܣ
һ̣дûѪɫܣʦãôܻ

ܡܣܻ
ֻͷ˫ĿԲ۾һ²Ѫ˿ֻһԾ⣬һ죬һѳͥԺĻһ󼲴衣

ܣܣ
ô
һɲǣ·һ㣬δйʧأһѳնҴ̣̼ͥԺҶҷɣƬƬҶһһնƬء
ӣ
֪ʱȻһŮӣĿ
״û˭һ˹ȥһͣŮӵǰĺֻһ벻
ӣ㣬ôˡ
ŮȻǱˣ
˿صҶһ̣ҲģˣոջʱúõģôͻȻ֮䣬ͱ£·ȫһˡ
ȥ
˫۲Ѫ˿£Ǻ䵽˼㣬еĽȥ֮ǰҲˣЩ
˵ȥ
һɲǣ䵽˼㣬˻һɫһ±ü԰ס
һʼռģ˵ȴδԷ˿㺮µһ´ԭأҲҶһˡ


0131 ص
죬۷¥ҹҹϸ裬ʼսԼڷƣѣջл㱣֮䡣
̶죬ȥǲɣ࣬Ȼ߳һȦɫڴرϣ»Ұżվ̳
ˡˡˡ
һ΢΢ۣȥᣬֽץϣû
ˡˡˣ
Щˣͷؽÿ˭
ҡ
ɲŮ΢΢ۣ濴һۣǲᣬԱߵĿվ̳һȴֻмξ˳̳ص
һĻñŶɲŮ
ӺҵŵĿվ̳ǽһƬǸӣһ̣ɲŮסˣ۾Ҳ֪һɫ
첽˹ȥеĿվ̳˹ȥԱһӣʱҵ÷顣
ʲô
ͷؿһۡ
ʲôڵӣ˲ˣ
ɲŮǰˣŭŭԺֻ˶һ죬һ·ǸߣԼָе־ΥİȫС
ЩʱգȻ˵ֻҲû뵽Ŷ̶ʱ䣬ǰˣǷϣȫˡ
ȻҲ֪ǰӣ쾭ˮȵʹ尾ʱ޿̲֣˫㣬ڵɽһʹ
ܡ
Ųһ壬Ҫȥһֻ̳ɲŮüһ㣡һ̧ҪһƸѣȻһƣվͣԱߡ
΢΢ۣͷ˭㣿ҪĶѾûˣʲô
ɲŮһǰҹʲô׳־ЩԼкιϵƼˮѡ

ô룬죬קһҪҪѻδһ͸úúԼøǿ̫ˣ
Ǻǡ
һЦҡҡλ̨ȥԺصҶЦ𡭡ڣӦ˭ȥ𡭡
Ǹˡ
ɲŮվ˵š
ۣԺ·ֳָһյĵ⽣Ӱɱ֮δ룬δģ
Ҹʱ䣬ϣңԪӤʱ㻹ˣôǸһӰɡĳҲȥˣδ룬ҲȥˣҲ뿴һǱ֮ˡ
ɲŮ˵һ䣬ȥˡ
һ̧ƣһ޵ʲôһҪҳ

ҹһ乳б񷣬ɲŮĹĸɲŮֱǸˣ֪ѻָӯӯЦˡ
ǰͷϵĶñǰһ䣺Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
£Ҳ˵׼
ɲŮɴ˳һֱߵǰָؿڻﴦ˵֮ҪԹ֪
ʵ޼ǱΣ
Ȼǹ֮飬޹أֻԪӤʱ䣬ܵš
ɲŮЦЦģ¥¡
֮Ĺϵһ΢ΣһȥԷĵ
Ϊڵĵطǿƴ޼޼󣬷¥ͬǿƴ󣬱޼ΪٸߣҲֲʲôá
һ˵ҲٶˣɲŮ
Ƭ̺뿪˹ȥԼһһصǰһŮټڵſڣ˵ֲΰݣ¥

ɲŮ΢΢ףڼ䣬Ҫӻָ˽ţκ£ǿʹ顣
ǡ
ټ˹֡

ɲŮ΢΢ͷȥ߰ɡ
صɲŮչĵطǵؽǽأˣҲԽȥ
ص֮УֻĹ⣬еˮԽߣԽŨ߻ްһʯѨǰһ»Ȼʡ
ֻʯѨŴССʮأ̲ԣ·һǶⶴѨ棬ȫ۶ɡ
û뵽ڷ¥Ȼһ츣أֻɲŮıչ֮أﻹһ㵭㡣˿ֻԼ棬֪ΪΣʼոоЩֵֹġ
ɲŮЦ빫ȥ϶ۣȥأԺұʩ
һۣû룬ϵĶȥǳȥɲŮʩʱ㽫Ҳȥ
ü˿ȥʣȥº󣬱˳Уһأȫʱеһ˵泩·˿˿Լھ
ΪЩԼеЩ֡
ȻɲŮʱҲһЩѰ˿˿ˮƾȻʼΧת⻹״μֵ


0132 ԪӤ
ӣȻͬڳˡ
ɲŮʶ㣬ҲΪʲôҲٶˣ˹ˮƿ˿㼴ȥ⿪½
Ͻ¶üͷһ壺ʲô
ȥѶѣʲô
ɲŮЦЦؿһۣһӣ㽫ȥˣֻһСȥ
ܹ˶ԪӤа
ɲŮһ߻˵ţһɫ䣬˫һƣ˫·
ʱеϢһϣһ̾޷һ·ҲһɲֹͣתɲŮԼߡ

ɲŮѾۣߣҲۣķԸʱȥκΡ
ʱɲŮϽһ亹δӵ֮ǰΪѰԪӤֱڲŷԶֹ˼򵥡
Ҳ̽첻ԪӤͷ·ԪӤͲһ˵ڣȴƫƫһţһҲ˵
üԽԽʵΣ
ɲŮۣһ̿ĿﾹЩ˵ɫòŵϸ˵ԪӤٵ֮ǰûб˶ԪӤ
ü㽫ŵϸϸ˵˳ɲŮ֮ϵɻˣˡ
ôˣ
ɲŮҡҡͷûУϸ˵˵ԪӤȥ֮ǰǷбʲôһĵط
ôһʣǸеĪˣҪôȥ˵һڰʱԪӤֱ˼ʱôһɲǣĸܵԼԪӤȴ˵ԪӤһ
ȵȡ
˼֮ʣɲŮȻɫһ䣬ѵԪӤǡԪӤ
ʱԼҲû֣˿̵ɫѾȫˣĿҲ˾塣
ȻȴһɻʲôԪӤʦδԼ˵ʦֻ˵ﵽ龳ʱɳԼԪӤһɹԪӤӴ˱ɷ֮ԪӤͨ޷ԪӤĻԺΪֹĳ硣
ܹԪӤ˲࣬ںԪӤ˲࣬Ǵ˿ɲŮ˵ԪӤʲô
ãɲŮϵľɫˣνԪӤһ˴ӳһ̣һöԪӤӡڣΪԪӤȫͣﵽ龳ʱԼȥԪӤˡѾԪӤԪӤ
˵֮΢ЩˣɲŮȴҡҡͷ㲻ףԪӤĿֲ֮޷ģһԪŵأֹԪӤǿߣᳬʮ
ôһ˵мϲǣѵԼһԪӤ𣿿ƫƫԪӤֻˣĪ
ɲŮ˶񣬼˵ԪӤԪӤ¡
˵˴̾ѰԪӤ˻ԪӤһˣҲˣҡûǸԪӤ
˿һ꽽ͷϣãŵ˼ǣҵԪӤѾ޷ˣ

ɲŮҡҡͷոյһУֻҵĲ²⣬ҲδرԪӤҲֻ츳ˣԱ˶ԪӤѡңԿ

ʱȥ죬ʱ䣬ɲŮһ취ҲûУģһҲڳȥ
ʵǰ֪ԼпԪӤʱʱѾĴ㣬ֻǻԸѡ

ɲŮȻһƺߣɫһֲ԰࣬ȻЩ˹Ĺ
ţɿ˫磬ƽƽһУɣ¥ĳķѹˡ
˵գֻȥɲŮȥįӰ˵ʲôվʲôҲû˵
ҹʱԺҶڴ̨ߣӰӿȥҲżį
ԪӤԼôǣԪӤ
һҹ޽⣬ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲӣ¥ȥһˡ
֪ˡ
·ʲôҲ᲻ˣֻһ䣬һȥɲŮĹֻ滹վһӰ֮ǰҲԹԪӤʹ硣
˿̽ˣɲŮ˹ȥüԪӤϻһа취
Ŷ
˶һۣ뵽֮ǰƺ˵ɲŮҲ޷ԼԪӤôϾֻһ˲ⱾˣֻǸطȥ
Сѿɻǵ֮ǰ˵Ļ𣿡

һͷʵںδ
ɲŮһۣ˵Ǹطǳȥǣһа취ǸطӴǰû˵

ֻ˵һ룬ǸеЩˣԼǰû˵ĵطѵǡԪ
µò
ɲŮ˵ͷԪŵޱ޾ֹ⣬಻Ϊ֪ĵطһֱߣܴԽƬ޾ɳĮܹǸط
ʲôط
һ̣ɫԽԽˣԪŵޱ޾ţҲֻǲ׺һڣȻ䣬뵽һ£溡
˵ɱţȴ£ȴûԪκһ˿ѵ溡ɣԪ
ɲŮҲͬԪһŸţϵ壬ҪȥҵǸˣһΪ켫ĵط
켫
΢΢һȻǴǰȫû֡
ɲŮ˵ͷǸСµơ㵽Ȼ֪켫ʲôطڣҪ취켫ͬʱȫڲԼݣ֪Ԫȥˡ
ٴһƺʲôɲŮĿﻹɻ󣬵ͷ֮ס˵ǣǣѾԪ㲻Ҫ׵壬ҲҪ֪顣
ã֪ˡ
΢΢ͷǧ裬ֻҪϣԪӤԼҪȥԣֻδ룬δ˿ģǰҥ˵δѲԪѵ
ȻΪ޼Ͷ˷֣Сҹﶯɡ
á
һ̣Ȼüᶨ࣬δģԼҪҵڴ֮ǰʵҪġ
һţԼһΡûκ˻
ҹֻһɫۣ˸ɲŮȻȡһӵݸЩʯϣǸطô
ļöɫʯ˿ЩƷʯֵơ
ɲŮ˿ԥ֮ɫ˵ûھֵԶЩʯ
ǡĳȴ֮ˡ
ӹʯɲŮ뿪ֱʱȻЦʱǻѣʱ㲻顣
ô
һ̧ͷǳòŵǾһΪ䣬ӰʧҹĻ¡


0133 ׷ɱ
쪣˶ǣһ·Уҹʱ֣һбңȻֻһɷɷֻͻȻӰ׷
Ȼˡ
һߣʱС֪޼Ͷ˶ˣԷ˲ϷŹ᲻֪޼Хͼ޷ǱΪѡ
ڣȥЩɱ˷ʱ䣬˴붨ǻܽһܵǣƣԷܿˣڣҪ뿪붨ԽԶԽá
¹һЩһɽ룬ֻһɷɷ𣬺Լʮɱ׷
Ҳͣתĳҹɡ
ݣ
ֻһ¹£ֻʮɫӰ˳ȻΪ͵ɱֻ֣ǲ֪޼ˣǶˣʲôˡ
һ˲˵飬ߡ
Ϊһվ˳ʮֺ䣬ذףӺ䡣
ǡ
һЦΪΪʳһһ
Ȼ䣬˵ʮˣôôǧǰ̵
뵽ǵǰӡԼʶеģѵǰҲΪ׷ɱô
ǰܽӡԼʶ˲˱£ȻҲΪ֮ˣʲôܹ׷ɱأ
飬㽻ǲ
ʮɱֽƽˣ˼ذ׺âɭȻɱͬɭȻ
벶ȸں󡭡ʹˣмţܹŻȥ
񵭵һʱһѳ¹֮£ǽ溮âˡ
еĽʲôֻһͨͨɱ˵Ľ
ߣ
ʮɱһߣʱӰɲǼؽм䡣
档
䣬һתʱһХ͡һ֮Ѫɽʱеһ
µɱֻϰ񹦣ȴδϵ֮죬Ӧм˸еһ˲㵹ȥ
ֻһʮ֮䴩ȥ磬ӰΣÿһһ̶Ƭ̼䣬ʮɱֱ㾡˵ϡ
ʮʬ壬ÿһɱֶǱһԭ쪵ɽֶ֣˼ຮ
ΪΪʳ
ǰȥˣЩСˣֻĹȴ֪ɲ｣
ǰı｣ԸմȾѪı｣ȴ˼ɱ

ļգ˺ü׷ɱ֣Ҳ֪ôǰģ󷴵ɱ֡
ʱһȪ۱ˮȻɱŷһ죬һѼն
飡
һ죬ɽʯѣȪˮֱʮɸߣ˲ԾһôϣĿһƣȴԶȻߣؿȻ˵ΪԶǰЩЩɱֿɱȡ
Ҳкڱ֣ǹ𣿳ҧˡҪɱˣ䲻ȵ
һ㲻ˣǰ޾ɳĮɳĮø죬ʬ޴档
ȴǰЩЩɱһڱ顣
ֻ˽ƽһֵûܹԽɳĮҲ⣬ǻȥ֪ҪĲ
ô
˵һۣصĳȥˣѽ齻޼ǾãΣ
Ŵԣһº࣬һ˵һ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣںȰˣŻ֪ʲôܡ
Ŷ޼ǿĳ˰
һЦҪ飬ǾɳĮѰҰɡ˵գ˫һ㣬ʱչԶɽȥ
ߣ
̼ɽ׷ȥǰƬɳĮΣǾܽɳĮȥϵ֮ǰҪ
˲Ϣ׷ȥмɽһնȥֻɽƿգһ㳯նȥ֮£·ɽʯϱѣľ׷һƬ
ۼһͣһ̧һɫӿ˳ȥ¡һ㽫ߵĽֵ
߲˵ģ
мߵĽ䱻ֵߵĶȴһ³
ֻ˸̧ƣƾ춯أȥʱ·ɽݣ÷ԲʮԶɶߡ
ȥӲ˵ɲɣѸǰȥ˫Ƭɽ׷˰ʱ䣬ǰľϡҲȻɳĮԶ
°գ
Ȼ䣬һ߼ֻޱȣۺȻŴ౶Ҫֽȥһ㡣
ȴ֪˿֮µѾһö룬ݡһѪƿնȥӰδϵԷ˿̫ҪȴѲֻһ㻤Ԫ
һԪֱ̫ӱѪ붴ˣ͡һһ±

ѪߵʱɫڣȫѪҺһɲˣ׷˹ȴźֻһ֣׷
ֻöȥ׷ȴóȻԷˣԼ׷ʮʱֻǺʣԭƣȴȻһƷӿ
ֻǺգ̼һƬӰ£ɵһ㣬һɿֲϢƲ͸˼Ϣ
⣬
ʱչ˲Ǭһɺɫӡѳһɿֲ˲˷˲ǬҲӲˡ
¡
һ죬̩ɽһѹ£ֱ÷ԲʮһɽƬƬʱ
ҿʱʩչɲܿˣһƴУҲҪش
ֻϺƽһӰȻο࣬һڰ׳ۣһһԪƣ˪
߻һֵμ
˿䣬δȥһֻۣؿԵʮԼߣɱĻߡ
˵֮ʣԶȻһӰڵϣ϶ƣȴǸµӡ
ֻЦԭѾ׷ϴˡ
ŶɻҲˡ
һۣ䲻ȡ
ǶɻõȻ޼õ飬ХҲͬõ飬˭˲õ飿
һֻ̣е亹乣һԼǲӵùˣһǺã
ߣ
һߣöʱ֣һ̧һֲ֮㳯ȥ
֣ɻҲ˲չ˹ƣ춾һ³ȥͬʱǵУֻеϢһϣɿһ֣Ǳô粽ˡ
ǧһ֮ʣԶʺȻһһؼͻȻԵøͻأ
һɲǣͣˣҲˣ·ʱҲֹͣˡ
·ܹһ㣬ʹɻ֣ͬʱͣԭأҲ


0134 
ԽԽڶһ̣Ҳԭأǡ
̧ͷһƮȻıɫӰһɲǣ·жʧȥɫʣΨһԽԽӰ
˱ƮƮԶ˫㲻մ˳·ʼ䣬Ψһɫʣĵʹԭųɽ룬Ҳ˼
Ůڵϣеһǰһɽһ㣬ʹɻȸ֣һ̾ҲеһϢĪ˵޼ˡ
ޱˣҲˡ
ֱ߽ˣʼŷӦѵ֮һӣҲһʦ
һ̣ýСʮָߣ˿̾Ҳȫ첽Ůӵǳ
ּԷһȥһµǰصӣɲԪҲѷŵӣǵ£ֲܰɣ
һ˲סˣհ仰˵꣬Īеһ⣬ɺ⣬޲
ͣȥһֻôһȴ·һ޷
ʱֻеһϣһɲǣ·֮ѹǵֵס˫㡰⡱ȥǱһ֮˳ȥû˿ֿ֮
޼ߵʱŵɫɷףɻȫһɫһ²ҰֽŵôҲܲסһ֮Ϊ˺εȿ¾磿
ɻľѣһٲԥ˫΢һӡ˲仯һԶӶȥˡ
䶨վȣһǾ£Ҳͣ˫һߣһȥ
Χָֽ
ʦ
ͷһ˫۲ں֮£ʱģ飬ʦϤòϤ֣ȴûܵڣֻһΣԶȥˡ
վס
Ŀ䣬һ±׷ȥһɲǣ㱳վǰ
̧ͷһıӰһҧܣȻܵö죬һ˲䵲ǰߡ
һȥ
䣬ûκθ飬ȻããǸ
ȥ
ڶ֮£˿̵ģֻɬһЦҪȥ
һתȥһۣһһ̣ˮ׷ʦͽѾֺαҡ
䴵ң뵱꣬ϣ̨̲䣬棬ʦͽؼ䣬ε⣬֮䣬Ǹǧɽˮ
ˣٻȥء
ɬ˵һ䣬˫һ㣬ǰɽȥʧӰ
һΣվԭأûȥ׷ˣֻǾȥķƮƮǸʳ˼̻ӣֻȴһ˿ˡ
֪˶ãȻһӵʦá
ֻԶһüİƮȻ໹档
໹濴˿վŲʦ֪ˣӣʦֲ㣬
˵꣬ԶȥķȥòŵӥչᣬԼһƬأȥɡ
תûһ˿ȻǸˣû
໹˿ֻ֮̾£ңߣ಻İãһ򣬱ؽһ
˵˴ȥͬ㵱꣬һһ֮֮

˵һ·Ŷ߷Ҳǰ裬Ҳ֪˶Զֻ뽫ЩӰԶԶ˦󣬿ٿ죬Щ棬ʼԺƲȥ
һϪߣͣˮеĵӰڶµ档
̣ˮ׷ʦͽѾ
ж᲻ᵯֻδʱ
ʦ
ʣٴΣÿÿںҹﾪѣ֣һδȥʧȥʶǰһ̣·𻹿ʦ׷
Ǿһظŵ߳Σʦڶϸૣǧ
·ֻҪʦߣʲôҲ£·ʦԶǿĺܣոձ׷ɱȻʦڱ
һȥ۽ǵۣˮеĿ⣬Ҳüᶨʲôһˡ

һպɽıԵ׼㹻ʳˮǰĲľԽԽϡˣȡ֮ģһƬͷĻɳһɫ
ԽԽһȸҲжƬصɳĮɳ֮˶ٿݹǣ֪
ֻ֪һҪȥѲǸҪʦ꣬ҪǿǴδζҪʦҪʦ


0135 ɳĮ
չ磬صĻɳɹ̣޾ɳĮ֮У·һжʧȥҲһеֻɳ𣬺ʱĿɳ籩ɳ¿ĹǺ
ɳĮҹǰһöָĴʯѱʧɳ֮С
ܶʱ򣬲ΪߣΪΪ紵޾ɳĮÿߣ֪ж١
ɳɳ
̵Ļɳ֮ϣȻһһѿݲݴﴫϸ֮£ֻǲݴﾹһĺɫβߣһ˫̿ɲ۾ŲԶĲ֮͡
ܹ˲пỷģͨߣҿһֻİеޣԼ͡
ÿһطÿһطĽɣ̾ɳĮƽȥߣѡƿߡ
ֹ죬ʱ䣬УҹѰһЩϸߵʯЪϢԱ㼰ʱָԪ֪ѾɳĮ
ƬɳĮޱ޾һԽߣԽܹһЩֵﺡǣЩɳеľʮɣѾɳ˻ʯЩЩʲôԶδδš
ԽɳĮߣԽǸоͷ·һʧ磬Ϲʱڣһط
һƬޱ޼ɳĮ
ԪŵصļأǰſЩżֻ׷ݵǰ
Ǹʱ˼ħУū۷ˣ۵Ĵ·𷴿ٺִֻ֮ôˡ
ǣ֮ǰأǰʮǰǸʱ˼ѵĴδֹ
һУһʱսˣ˿Ƭޱ޾ɳĮ˶ٲΪ֪Ĺȥ
·һзˣǷ켫ͨǿҲˣһʱһлΪɳʲôҲδ¡
ĺɫĺϣƬƻɳĮ˿Ҳ֪ԺΪλֵ뷨ֻǾãʶ̫СˣֻǱɽһǡ
֪Ԫ⣬һƬ޾ɳĮ֪ƬɳĮһͬԪһĵط
֮ʣԶɳ棬Ȼһ޵ϢϢڲصʮʶ֮£ϢҲӵ
ˣ
ɫһɳĮʮ죬һ·ɳЩɳĹǺͿݲݴĶϣδһˡոһɲǵĸӦûΪ֮ˡ
һ˲䣬ȥȫϢ㲽һһƬʯ棬ոӦϢΪͣ٣ȷ֮ǰöԷҲϢ
ʯԼʱ䣬ֻԶƬɳ֮ϣȻʮӰֻǾ̫Զл̫ʲôˣҲóȻʶȥ̽죬ֻЩ߽
ֹ˰ʱ䣬Щ߽ˣɳ֮£ȴʮһŶ۵ˣΪڵɳĮķɳΪڲݡ
ʮ棬ĸߣһӣŮӡ
ЩɻЩʲôˣɳĮʲôԣǵӺʱķĪЩ˲ԪˣɲŮ˵Ǹ½ˣ
ЩǴǱ߹ѵ˵ԼѾ촩ƬɳĮˣЩһ²ԼǷҲҪһ£
£ֻܼϸۣЩ
ȵʮߵøʱͣԴʵӦǡô
Ҳ֮ͣϸŸɳĹ켣
ʱһߺȻһ̧䱸һӵҡ
Ӳ̴ȡһݸ￴ȥһӵ̣зλָ롣
߽ָһעһָֻʱɿתͣһ
Ա߼ˣŮӣһ϶¶˲˼飬̲ţϵĺˮ˳յ

עһָ룬ͣ
Ǭϣλ
ֻﲻ֪߶Щʲô˺һϲżЦ˳ҵˣҵˣ
߼˫ֲס༸Ҳ˷ػɳ·Ѱ˿ػƽһֻ޲ýƬɳĮ
˿ԶһƬʯ棬һĻʮΪͣأʲô
еЩ棬ĪƬ޾ɳĮ֮£һϹżɣ


0136 ɳ
죡Ѷúã
߽𣬴˿˷ܵѣӺŮҲԥȡ
ֻǰʰɫ״Ź֣Ʒƣ״죬ÿһ涼һͼڣȫһЩġ
ܿ죬ʮѽաǬ롢ޡҡ㡢𡱰˸λɳ֮Уֻ¶棬ÿһԼʮɾ룬ĳ󷨡
Ůӣ˶վ˰ǰߣҧ⣬һھѪڷ棬һɲǣֻԭȻ޹İȻѪâʢǸһƬɳӳ˺ɫ
ͬʱ˿вҲ̼һѪ⣬Զʯ棬ԽԽǾù죬Щ˵ʲôΪξеһЩа֮
Լʱ䣬ʼһ˿Ҳûȥ֮һƬɳĮ˼š
Ƭʯ棬۲ţֻϵѪԽԽأԱߵİ˸ҲӳͬѪһ㣬ȥ졣
ʱԭŵһƬɳĮȻǻɳӿ·һӿԶЩɳҲǿҪȥһ
ô¡
ʮһҲֻԭһƬգͻȻһһĺƣգԶŴħҪƬɳĮûһ㣬ľ
죡
ʮ棬Ϊ׵ǸƺʲôԸ˴߶󷨣ȻɳȴԽԽˣǲɳİһҲϲ
ɳɳɳ
·޾ص״ʮѾɫϼӼ䷨ȻԽǼӼ䷨еĲƣԽԽܼԽԽͣҪһжûһ
ô¡
ԶʯһҲоʲôԾʶ񣬸ոһɲǣһ˿ΣյϢʮΣա
Сӣ뿪˵ء
ʱԺȻһҹˣһֱٴϣϴŹҹ˳˯˿ҲǸܵΣգʶȻ
û뵽ʱͻȻﴫȥһʶҹǲǷʲôˣùŹ֡
ᡭʲôҲ벻ˣ뿪뿪˵أ
ҹҹ
Ҳûҹ΢΢üԶһƬֶĺȥ
ǺƼᣬתۼ֮أ뿪⸽ʱȴȻеµʯ嶯˶Ǳ·ǿɳ
á
һɲǣǱĳصסһ㣬Ҳһ˲䣬ʯʱʮ˷
ʲôˣ
ʯͻȻһӰ±ʮ˵ʱɫ䣬˿̳⣬ǻֲ̿ѣھַԶһֱŸˣиǷ˾κˣɳĮбˣոյһУǶȥȥˣ
죡뿪
Ϊ׵ɫ䣬ܶԷʲôˣʱѲ뿪ʮ棬ֻ֧󷨡ˣӣŮӣʱչڵƬʯȥ
ۼϮǾֻ뾡뿪˴Ϊ˿ܹоõһ˿ΣյϢѾԽԽˡ
ȻԾȥʱǰɻɳȻɷ壬ŭһѹ
һѹʱеһϣԭǰȥ͵صת˷򣬶ĸȴʼδûüӦһ±㱻ֲɳǽѪ˳ȥ
ص棬еضڲֻ˷ɳ𲻶طѾʼݣ˴һƬɳĮȫȥǽǺεȿ£
ؼǲ֣ǹ֮£Ī˵ҪչӳȥҲɲȥ
Ȼ䣬ǴȥٵʱʱλؾһʱĿֲΣڻ£ɳĮľ䣬ҲǴλˣҪֲ
ٺȻȺɽλǴλԵʣɳĮľΣ
˷ݵɳôƬɳĮȫȥһɵصʲôܳ˹Ρ
¡
ͻȻһڲԶ𣬽һɿֲӿĻɳЩƷ˳ȥ
վ֮ķȥֻոʮ˵Ĺһ˲ˣҲҷ˳ȥһƬɳĮݵøѸˣҪһУȫɻɳ֮¡
ɳɳɳ
Ȼ䣬ڵ⸽Ҳʼ³ȥ·һ㣬ǵصһǿϽһ¾ѹ˫һţ͵зȥ
Ǳʮ˿ΪǺߺȻһ·˹ȵʲôˣ䣬ɷ˵һƱ˹ȥ
һ顱һסһƣײʱûɳɣʹԭڲϳݵĵ棬һ𵴵øӾˡ
˫Ŀһû뵽Ϊ˸ߣ˵ոδȫܸоԷл磬Լ֮£ʹĸˡ
Ҳһ·˹˿ȴЩ˾ֻ뾡뿪⴦Σ֮أ˫һţʱڰչɲԶȥˡ
ȻȥػɳȻ纣ɿһ㣬͵سѹһɿµ֮˵ĵУٶҲӲ
¡
һ죬һǧɳǽѹǺʮҲеһȫ޷ȥֿ֮Ҳ֪˺£ԭúõģΪλͻ䡣
һ˲չɲܿɳĸǣֻѾɳ棬˿̷ԲﶼڳݣʱҪٳˡ
С
ܲϳݵɳȥûʮ˵ӣҲδܹȥֻ˲Ǭܷˡ
ߣ
һӼҪߣһ˲һ䣬һһľʱĻɳγһӰ֮ӳȥ¡һʱ㽫Ѫ˳ȥ
˽һһ̻Ӧʩչ˲Ǭһɲʧ߷Χڡ
ʩչ˲ǬҲ֪˺δԭΪӦǳȥˣǰȴɫ΢΢һ䡣
ֻɳγɳ𣬵мȴǳڶȥ졣
Щǡ⣡
ȻʶʲôһԾ֮ʱǷԲʮĵ棬Ȼһ³ȥһǿӲǽ˻ȥ
һ˲䣬˹ɳɿɳѽȥ


0137 Ϲż
֪˶ã͵شһϢﾪѹȴ֪εأֻǵñƬɳȻ˵صף

һһʹ֫ٺӿһʹвŽˣܵľҲ
ǡ
ܵľסˣֻƵĹ಻֪ǴӺδսĻɳˮһ㻺޷
ѵɳĮһƬ磿
վСǰȥ˴ûκһ̫ʱʧ磬Ƭɳ֮£˷֡
Բԡ
ЩƵϹŽȻ뵽ʲôԪŵصļأֻ׷ݵǰǰЩĽȥһǰǰǰġ
ѵﾹһϹż
ԡԡ
ɫ쳣򸽽ЩƵĽƵķͿȥЩЩͣЩǱһмնϣпƽƽһ㽫һɽնϣǺεͨ
ƬżǴǰģԪŵصļֻ֪ǰʱʱǻ֮ɽķͨ۴֮
ԡ
һɲǣ뵽ʲôԪŵصļֻһ꣬ոһǰʱʱǲ֮ȴڸԶʱʱҲ֮
ǰ˼ǿѴﵽ۷壬һΪԻ͵ʱһ۷ʱһʱ
Ȼʹһ۷Ի͵ʱҲӲһǸʱսˣʲôҲû£Ψ˿һż
ܵĹżѵ˿˿㣬ǰһ۷ʱΪλΪξһ˿ضûˣǣ׵״ʷʧˡ
ǰ̽죬һ·Ǽᶨе뷨
ﾹһӴϹż˴һиˣЩˣǰ˼йһԻ͵ʱʱԪŵأһκˣ
˶붼ΪǴǰʱʼģΪǰֻᴺգճϢ˭֪ǰ˼Ѿֹǿˣ
һжԵôţǰϹżȴõ֤
Ȼ뵽֮ǰʮˣЩҪҵģӦñϹżˣֻǲ֪ǵݡ
ʲôˣܹ˵һ㣬ϻ֪ǰ˼䣬ֹǿߣһΪԻ͵ʱҲһѾʱ
һƵĹżǰȻеһϢ·棬һʮѹֵϢ͸Ҫ͸һѹ֡
ͣżǰߣ֮ǰʱҹͻȻ뿪˵أҹ겻Ļ飬һЩϸ΢ϢΣҪѵż棬ȻǰĴڣ
磬żǰߣԴ̤ŵĵһ𣬵Ҳδܵ˵ѹ֣澿ʲô
߽Щ֪Ҫ취뿪˵أóȻһЩΣδ֪ĵطǴ˿Ҳ֪ΪΣҪȥ·棬ڤڤ֮ʲôһǣˡ
ҹô
ﴫȥһκüĽҹһʱѲˡ
Ǻ׵Ĺ˿ջһСȥ
棬һϢϢˣȥȫϢһСѭϢȥ
һƬûоͷһҲ֪˶ãԽߣԽǻް
ȡһö㣬ǿճЩֻߵʯڽѷ绯ԾԼԼɼһЩϹͼں֡
ЩͼϲʲôҲǺܾԶǰϹ֣ģģʱ绯Ŀǰ޷ϣѾ϶֮ǰĲ²⣬ǰ˼йһԻ͵ʱ
Լʱ䣬ϢԴͷѾԽԽˣԼԼϢ֯һôδйСĽŲŻ࣬ҲöѪ롣
һĵǰֻվӰϢǴɢģʱʯź棬Сʶ̽죬ȻƺѾˡ
ʮȷѾȥܾˡ
ȷԺŸҷĴ󵨵߳ȥ˺вǸе𺳣ѵˣǰˣ
Ѿ˼꣬ҳȻ˿̴ŵľѾ飬ȴȻϢҲȥ꣬ϢҲͬϢ
ˣ꾿ﵽ˺ε۷徳磿


0138 غ
߽һЩλѾľǿߣһ̣ＤǧˣȻΪȻѰħȴҲȻӲһҲȻӲǳ
ȻеЩǿҲӲطǿҲȥؼ䣬ʲô㲻ģ
˽볤Թݹǧħкֻܹأ
˿λϸʱľǿߣҲӲһЩνӵһ
һ߽࣬Ĺ֮£ſ˵Щ죬һұ˵ͷұһƴؿڣ˵һֻȴͬʱץһ
ԭˡ
ʲôһƸұ˵飬ұһ˵ŵĶʲô
־ʲôֵλǿ߾ϧȥ᣿
߽Щֻŵƺһʯֻ̣ѱһһĻҳǣѿʲô
֣ᴥʯϣһɲǣʯǶһ£Ļҳ䣬Ҳһɲǣܵһ˿ϢܷӦ˳ȥ
ֻϵĻҳ£ҲΪ۳ջѳ
ǰλǿߣȻѳʺ˲ȻǿһʱΪҲճһg
긦ֻˡһǶǰʯҲȥɢȴһɫӡ
һ˲䣬ӦȻųɫ⣬ֱһɿµϢʱмǳ꣬һ̣ؼһ㣡
ɷɷɷ
һޱ޾ϢɢǴһתֻأŤתǬ֮ΪϢ
ʶˣ۾һĹĹӣ䱸֪ʲôһųǰһʱĴħɲˡ
ãʯϵĹڽȥˣһָֻƽʲôҲû
žڵϵǸɫӣС˹ȥȥһҳſϣֱһŹֵķţм仹һСȦ˽ȥγһССİۡ
ЩһʱȴǶȻһΪЩϤֵĻ仨ΪϤļ
Ȼ䣬ˣǴɽɲŮƶֵĻɲŮϵ滨һģһ
һ̣ǷˣǰһʱĶŷֱʲôΪʲôɲŮϻһţЩʲô־ʲôˣ
һжԵô˷룬ãҲףԼ־ʲôˣ
˵ԼǹŴˣĸҲǹŴˣڶʮǰԼǸӤʱȴŴɥԼʲôˣΪǸߵ˴ֻ
˿ֵӣĦţע⵽ţţһһƬҶһһźرΪ˵ĸо
ϸʯֵķţһɲǣȻһ˿ѪĸоָоϵѪ
ٽѪȡ˳ֻϺ˸һ̾ʯ̲˸Ӧһ㡣
˫ĿԲĿﾡǲŵɫһɲǣˣΪεԼ£ȴδԭǴһֱԼ
ѪԻֻءǵһֱ֮ֻǺ󣬼죬콫ȡߣֱ࣬һЩֽ񻹸
Լȴֻ֪ΪʦĻһֱϣҲ¶ǰ
˵ܻһ̣ŵ£Ǵ񱣻һֱʧȥֱڲ»⣬һУΪʲôΪʲôʦԼ񣬾ܹǰʯ̲Ӧ
ͻȻ䣬ע⵽ʯһȦۣһȦۣСһ𣿾ϵ޷졭
ЩţȻ뵽ʲôһ½Ѫ˰ѪŽȥһɲǣںһ˲ų⣬Ҳ
⡭
Ǹе˼Ȼܹںһ𣬾ʱƵĹȻҲʯϵĳɳ䡣
⡭
һǹڲһƬϹż𵴣ҪˣٲߵĻԼǵñ治ɡ
һ̣Ҳ˲ô࣬һ½Ѫȡ˻ʱʧȥ˹
ʯ̿һۣ룬չɲȥϻδȥǰʱ·̮ˡ
𣬲ϵĲʱ·Ѿˣֻ·ȥҲ֪˶ãڳ˹
ֻɽѣЩԭƵĹһ˷۳һ㣬ЩɽҲˣǿ
ƬϹżǰʧȴص֧˼꣬Ȼһ̣Ҫ׵ʧˡ
ˡ
磬һƬϹżʧԼҲҪʧɵصˣ
һ˲䣬ȻԶһһ£ǳڣ
Ҳԥչɲ˹ȥڸƬżʧ֮ǰ˳ȥ
ͨһˤɳ˳ΪصżʧⷽԲĻɳڿٵ³ݣٲߣɻᱻɿֲȥ
Ѿˣɳسȥһ˲䣬ɽɲǼ仯һâƿնȥ
ԲɳĮȥˣȥ쳣Ĺ죬һƬʯ棬ͷȥһƬȥɳĮԸеЩľ˳
ЪϢֽǺɫʯȡ˳¹£Ǻ̿ȥԽˣǴ˿ȴûһ˿Ϣ·ͨͨһʯ̡
ʯ̣ǰܹλǿĶֻͨͨĶھʲôҲŪ壬ֻܵԺҿ
˿뾡뿪֪ʮǷɳĮûеĻԷһ׷һ˾ʮ˵Ķ֡
˼ˣغպã΢һӡʱּɽһâԶȥˡ
ֹȥ˴£ƬɳĮȻޱ޼һ㣬κһҪöࡣ
ѾɳĮﴩһ£ϴŵˮʳﶼĹˣɺɳĮûһ˿ˮҲûˣѰ˰Ҳ֧Ųˣߣû˿ĵطҲֻ֧졣
ڣΪαɳĮˣҲ״ԽȥοЩѰߣ
ֶմ죬ˮѾĹˣʱڿޣȻһƬɳĮޣȥȴ·ӹΣա


0139 ɳ
һƬʶԶ̽ȥһУ¶Сǵһδİ֮ء
ãȷƬ֮󣬲չɹȥ
ҵһ羵ĺϸ̽죬ȷͶ󣬷ʹһϴȥһ·ķ糾
Ȼʮˮװ׼ȥʱȴȻܵһ˿쳣ϢҪסʱȴһ̣еȫһ
⡭
תʦڵķľⶾɢʱԶЦЦŮɫζð׷ˣʹ㾭ϣʧ
ͻȻʱɫһֻԶĴԼԼʮӰû뵽ԼѾСľ裬Ȼ˵ⱱ½˹Ȼ򵥡
ҷȰ㣬ǲҪͽȫѱ⣬˹ֿĻʹ㾭ϡ
ǰ߳һµŮӣЦЦؿ˵
Ŀܴ˶ķǵУڲжһɲǣԡľסʹⶾҲ޷̸֣Ҫסһ
ֻǴ˿ЩҪʲôҲ֪ЩЩʲôˣԷ˶ڣڶԷĵ̣ǾΪ
ŮһЦԹԸһ˱ˡ˵գһʱһɿ硣
δӦһɿɳѾϮؼʱһƬٴʱѵһֵĹ档
濴ȥɭϣ֮һ°׷ŮӣŮɫ䣬üһɫӡǣΪȥƺͣȻǴ˵֮
û뵽Լչɲ㱻ǻɳ˴˵أ˿һϳɳǵ׿ȥ˴Ǻεء
ɳ
֮ϴ֣ǰ׷ŮԾĿ䣬һĶϡ
ץ˴ΪΡ
Ҳͬ䣬ĪͶǿץ˵أɲʲô֮
˿̵ձ䣬ߵϵ˾δ뵽Ѿ㣬ȫڼȻһҲ£ЩˣĸŵûҲĵģ˾ʲô˴䲻
һʱǰһ̤һָȵ˱£

֮ǺŮ΢΢һ̧бһۣ˹֣ͷ˻ȥ
ŮתͷǴӺδ
û˵ӦѾǱŴ½ĵؽˣЩ˶ǱŴ½ߡ
˳ĬʱȻһɳƵС㣬ҩԡѾˣʱȥ
̧ͷǺ˿ֻﲻ֪ʱվһϸˣǸ˰׷磬ͣЯľȣ֮ŵǸŮӣȥࡣ
ǰ׷Ů΢΢תͷȥԭ񣬵ϸ֮ʱҲһЩ·һ꣬ʮ
ãţȥϢɣ£һᴦ

ϸ˳һ̾Ҳ֪һ̾Ϊ⣬ֻתľȣӣȥˡ
ãǺŮӲתͷһ̵Ŀ⣬ֱú࣬ʵǴɳĮһ߶
Ŵԣ΢΢񣬴˿̶ԷеɳĮһߣĪǱָԪѵЩҲ֪Ԫ
ǵߵʱɲŮ֣طԸԼ۷£򲻿ɽߵ֪ԼԪˣ˿ĬȻòŵˣʧɳĮѡ
ߣ
˵֮ʱϺȻһŮȰòҪ˵ٻ綾Ҫȡν練ƣһ飬ʵǲǴɳĮһ߶
񵭵ţеص˵ˣȻһʧɳĮѡ
ˡ
Ůӻ˵ʲôȴĺŮһ̧ȥɡ
ǡ
ߵϸԳŮӣһۣߣ˵գѺȥˡ
棬ֻʯ˴ɳĮԵɽƣҲ࣬ɫظߣһ·ĵμС
ڲδĶҲû⣬ֻ½Ҳϵȥ켫·ҵش罫ƾͼƣЩʲô
νġĳǻһ±ҽһη򲻶вҽ֮
ҳȥҳȥ
ץˣĲǴɳĮһġ
ҪҪɱң
ٺ١ˣȫˣûһܻųȥ
һ·ֱ֮ͷƤ鷳ֻЩ˶ѱĥòѪ죬ȻһϵĽƣȴֱݺ˻ȥ
ĸѺ͡Ůȴ޲·һ˾ռˣһֱһη˽ȥȥʵ㣡
˽ؽһƣȥ
Ƭ̺Щ֮СһЩŻߵűߣĹδסȽƣҪ򿪿ν׾٣˿ȴЩ֡
ɳıץô˽ɱҲŹһԪǱʲôޣ
һֱҹʱѾûЩǺ֮еֻһƬף͵صҽ
ʱȻһϸϸĽŲŲԶġ
ʱ䱸ܹõߵΪܸߡ
ȿȡ
ȻһϵĿηǽŲҲˣһɳƵؽš
óǰǸšϸˣ磬ʵһżеĸˡ
⣬еľǰһƣؽƣǰϸ˲κε⣬ֻǲ֪ԷҹǰǺ⡣
˺һŽڣŵ˿̣һʰɣ
òŵΪץ˴

ȴǳһ̾ϵһ±Ϊ˸Уһλ˶ǰ£ãҹǰ뿪ġ
Ŷ
ôһ˵øȤˣһҪץһҪߣɳͶˣǽ׽͸ʵ֮ǰץЩأ
̾˿ҡͷܲסĥˡ
ˣĿ⣬ʵǰΪҪߡ
̧ͷһɲǿЩ仯òŵΪɳĮһˡ


0140 ˵գ޹ط
ηȻһĳţ˶Ĭˡ
Ŀ΢вǰô棬һ۾ϳԼǸԪˣ˵˿϶̽οģ
һò̾ЩСѾɱ̫ˣЩˣûһǴɳĮһģȴڴˣɳԹꡣ
񣬻Ȼǰ֪ǴӺδȴߣˣǼС淽Բؽƣǰ֪ӵóɳ
ŵϲû㣬Ҫ뿪ܹСҪɱ㣬»ʵڲԸ£ٲ
һ˵䱸ǰȻԼδʲôҲˣĵвԼ֮£ÿɳĽҪסԼҲʲô£ΪνҹȴҪԼߣǿɳıһֱҴԪ
˿̣ĿľʲôѵֻǲϣԼǱŮΪ
һŲŵҹ뿪ܵκǣֻϣһ֮ҪյĵΪǼС㡭
ŵвǳȻǿһߣԲдһǡ
һּת棬̾ʵС㣬Ҳһš
Ŷ˻
ǲȥˣɳı˵Ȥɱô޹֮ˣԼȴǸôˣǰжÿˡ
תԸ߶ô
΢΢ͷԸꡣһ˵ţһľȡ

ųһ̾ת˹ȥӣ˫ָڱ˵飬ôСʮ˵ССʮ¶ǣȴ̳˿ɳмҵ
˵˴ͣһּʱչֱһգСɳĮһ˵ӡ
ӣ
˴ɫһĳЩ飬Ѿʲô
΢΢ףǵģǸӵʱ˵úأȫϣһߣʱɳˣҲڣΣСԵһִ֣˵ȻˣǱһҪȻ
Ǻأ

ҡͷһ̾Щʹ֮ɫòżС㾹ϧÿɳĽɵԪ˴˻
ƺѾʲôʵأ
ŽŵڿɳˣС㻨ʱ䣬һȴҲزˣ꣬СϦദ֪㺡
ֲá
΢΢һ˱飬ԭˣʵ˺֮󣬱ȥˣҲδ͸¶Լݣ
ҡҡͷڿɳ꣬ʼδ˵ԼʲôˣСҲһɵɵİԼһУһδıӡ
˵Ǹı֮ͽ

ҡҡͷ޹СϲǸӺͱ˶һʼ
˵˴Ըټ˵ȥˣ̾һҶڷ棬ӿˣ˵ǴɳĮһģ˵һĳңҪȥ𡭡
ɳĮһߡ
ĪԪˣƺʮǰԪδʲô£˿ǰԣӦѰ֮˵ӦһС粨ŶԣԪƺƽƽġ
żʱ󣬱еʮ𾪣һ֮ˣȫϣʲô֮£һ˴ԽɳĮֱ˼飬ĳ֮ľҪжأ֧ɳĮ
˵˴ԽԽֻԭǵ˫ۣȻó·Ծ𺳲ѣǵе˼顣
ãŽ侲˵뿪ʱҲûСʲôֻ֣˵һҪָȻȥ𣬵ĳ̫С㣬ĳ֮ǰ˵һ
˴˫･ˮһСҪߣȥðգ˵ſɳ˴ԽɳĮȥ𣬿ɵʱǸӾܾˣʱأ˵ĳһҪԼÿһŹҵҲóǸȷʵС㡭
ǡȻأǸˣˣ

΢΢ͷ˲۽ǵᣬ˵ˣûиСȥֻһţСӴ˱Сɽ֣ٹκ֮£δܻС㲻Ҫٵˣһˡ
˵˴Ѳɵ۽ǣˮˣһֱûл
ŵ˵ͷ̾ʱС㿴ǷţִϣԱΪ㵻棬ƽƽǧĪҪٳʲô£ûܱҲһҪƽƽһȣӰ
ʲô
˱仯ԭΪֻǼʮǰ£û뵽Ȼٶǰˡ
ֲýʮԪŵشδ˵Щ£ٶǰǸʱʦҲû̳һϰɣˣʲôˡ


0141 ɱž
ٶǰٶǰԪŵؾʲô
һ̣ܸо鲻ѰǴμħӦǺˣΪʦѾ̳һϣ֮ǰԪŵ־ʲô
ǰ˿ǵδ˵˭Ҳδ˵һ˿һ飿
˿̣ɫΪ̾ҡͷûУֻ˵ǴɳĮһġЩ꣬СγԴԽɳĮȥʧˣɳĮԽˡ
˵˴ͣһּ̾Ժÿÿ˳ɳĮС㶼Ὣ̱ǷǴɳĮһ߹ģ
ԭˡ
ҲƽԭҲֻһ˵ĿŮӰˣǸٶ˶ûһΣѵѾ

תｫľ˻˵ҲǴɳĮһ߹ģһ죬ˣһ仰
ǰ˵
ȴ룬ãã˺δȥѰٶˣѾҲ˵
ŵ˼գ˺޲ط¡㽫仰ٻˣǱ˵һҪСټ޹ڵĵȴȥ
ãһˣһ
Ǳ㣬лˡ
΢΢ͷִӻȡϵƤݸݵͼһǿɳĵͼ̻ÿһĽƣϣȥܹٵһͼһݣɱžĲֵͼ
ˡлǰ
û뵽λǰǵȫɱžĵͼԼ㲻ĿĵҴˣ˵ǡˡ

ŵ˵ͷʵȥ֮ǰ֪𣿡
ͣһ
˿ֻǾûбҪλǰԼݣλǰҲὫݸκһˣ
һ
󲻶ϵͷܺõ֣ȡ֮ˣҲһ˲
󲻽ɬһЦʦһӿͷ̾һһʵ֪ɷǰһ£ǰɷһλ˵ĹﴩԽɳĮúôߡ
ǰ˵Ĺ
󣬵ͷϸ˼ʱҲҳţãŲ̧ͷǰɽׯׯ磬һ˻ԲѵĹﾭɳ
һ𣬼ʵǰԣǵ棿ǹԼĪ󣿵ʱʲôɫ·
룬˵ΪʱС㲻·ЩǵǸȥӦֻʮ߰ģһ£·ȫѪ
δ룬δ롭
һɲǣиƷ˾ˣҥ˵δѾԪˣѵôȻһ˴ԽɳĮ
ʲôȥ켫ʲôȥҹµǰʲôָԪӤһ̶νˣΪЩûʲôǱδҪģ
ż鼤ü侲ƬɳĮʧ棬ֹǰλ˵ĹǰǰҲһЩ˵ĹﾭǱ˷εɳĮҲǰȵλǾҪ֮ˡ
Ȼ˿̣˵ҲȥˣҪȥδ룬Ҫȥδ룬ǲȥ켫ˣָԪӤˣҲһҪҵδ룡
ǰңǸɽׯʲôط

̲סһ̾룬ǸӣҲǰһ㣬Сٶ꣬컯Ūţ˵ɽׯɱžĶɭϣƣһΪҲΪɵȥġ
ǡ
֪
˵ʲôŴϵ֪ı¹ˣһԣžĪȥ̶ѨխôׯǲŹ㣬ο֮ǰȵǸδҪҵλ
һ˵㽥侲ǰ溽߹ԼĪҪǰǰ嶯ʦߣҹҲ˯ûκ˻ܱԼ
лǰ棬ˣԵٻᡣŹ˹֣϶ۣȥˡ

µգ뿪ɳ֮ŵԼٵ˿пɳؽƵĵͼ޾ɽ˼
δ룬δѾɱžǰɳĮǸ˵ĹΪҪһ˴Խ޾ɳĮط
˼޽⣬ֻȽɱž˵
ɱžȡһͼϸ˿̻òǺϸҲ˽ɱžĵΡ
ɱžĵԪƣͬİͼ켫ڶġǡɽׯȴδڵͼϻ
˿ڣϾԵ붫뻹źԶһ·̣֪ʱִܵ
ͼУδ뻹켫ֻȽ붫˵
˹˰£ڽ˶£ɱž켫ҲЩ˽⡣
ɱžԪЩͬԪԸɾӶ࣬šطȡŵȣҷħ
ɱžȴԹϵӶ࣬±һЩǿţǳЩţʮ
һԻԻ˪󡱣ǡ켫
ʲôţҲʲô壬ϸ˵ǿߺ˲ŵĵط
ǧط߳ȥǿߣǳɾЩǿļţҲҪη֡
طʵ͹ģĻһףα˪켫ǹģСġ
켫ʵ͹ģȥǰߣ켫ȴѵģţԼ˽켫һʧˡ
Ҫ켫ֻпʵûκܹ룬ˣŵ켫ĹģԶԶ˪
£ȻѾŪ˽켫Ĺ켫ÿһεӣÿλǰһ·ųʮö켫ơ켫ƷڸأҪ켫ˣƾȥȡ
Ψõһö켫ƣʸ켫õ켫ƣǾ켫ĵˣҪÿֻʮ˲˳ͨ
õһö켫ƣмĿԿȥᣬûıƾԼᣬ֮ʲôǴӱֻҪ죬ְӴ켫棬ɹ
ˣԺܾǰЩ֯רȥ켫ƣȻٸ߼һЩӣĲȡ켫һλ֣ɱһӰ٣Ӵ˱˸ˡ
£Ѿˣԣλδرδˡɽׯ䱸ɭϣƣΪǲ޼Щ֮£ԼûܽȥΨеȰ󣬱֮գ㷢ӢʱԼɻ롣
꣬ɽ켫ҵλµǰΨһǣ³ʱ켫Ѿųʮö켫ˣڲѾһ£ʮö켫ԼҪõһö


0142 Ҷʮ
һΪݡĹŶ˳ǧʷǷ֣켫ڵġǡҲֻղгˡ
η꣬һ·մȾٷ糾ҲЪЪţһϴľ¥ջһЪϢָԪ̽Ϣ
Ҫһõĸ¥һ߶ƣһϸ±Щ˵ȱǮǰɲŮöɫʯʮֺƷʯ̺ʮʺֻһöȫʮľ¥
һֱƻ轫ʱڸ¥ȻζЩ˿˵Ҳ޷Ǳ켫յӵ飬ֻϧʮö켫ƽʣʱ䣬ԼҪһö
ǴǰĻȫʯܴһЩ֯ﻻһö켫ƣûǸȥʯٶ࣬ҲΪʯ㹰ý켫Ļᡣ
֮ʱ¥ºȻһ󡰿Ųֻһ»Ĺ߻Ÿ޵òŮӣƺС
һʱע⵽ˣ¥⻹ʮֱĸӡ
ֻ£ţҲȥᣬƣڴʱŮ¥һȥ켫ʲôʱټ㣿Ҳܡ
Ҷ˵ٴˣÿܳһΣǾģǱؼңҳʱԻ㡣
ߣ˭ȥ켫ǲΪǸС꾫˵úʲô⡭
ˡ˰ˣҲ˵ˡ
ߣ˵Ͳ˵
˵ʱѾС¥棬ŮӼ澹и۹ںȾƣ̲סѽһ쾪˳ôиˣ
ǰ¹Ӽһˣüͷһ壬ȵˣ
һȣ¥˶һʹԭֵľ¥һ°ţСơˡ
Ŀİ¹ӣԱ߲õòŮӣСƵʱŵɫɷףһ仰Ҳ˵
¹俴ˣôˣ
ŵûһ˲ΡΡСġСĲ֪Ҷӽ쵽ݣСģСġ
˵˴͵͵¥ºȾƵĺ˿һۣϸ亹ֱ֧֧˵ȥˡ
¹˵ˣӸֻҶʮ룬ĪǽӵĻԷ˲ɡ
ۼҶʮɫԽƸŵɫʱ¥֡ˡһ꣬Ǵ˼¥ƹ
ƹһ˴ʱЦ⡭ҶӣƸãأҶĪգǱŸλҪ
Ҫʲô
Ҷʮһۣ
⡭
ƹһۣԷԹԵƣ˿ûҪߵ˼һʱЩҶҼҴƴ󣬾ǸʮҲȥ⣬иϿ֮
ԥãƹʮѿߵǰΪѵصλҪȻ㡭㿴СˣǡΣ
ȴƻȻδһ㣬ԾµƣҶʮ޶ԣĿһ¥Ұˣûô
һ£¥ǳװĸҶҵĹӣ˭Ҹԣ˭ҲҪ˸Ҷԣ
ƹƸŵһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ˡһһƣƱϣʼնδȥκһֻۣ֣ˡ
֣ƹʱһ㣬ƽ֣˿ȴ֣ԭ˺æԱڷ㶵СƵ˵ɫ
ŷӦæЦλ͹٣ܹӡ
ˡһһӷϣˡ˵գһ䣬ȥˡ
ȥıӰҶʮĿ䣬˭Ѳģû˵ҶôȻ˿ˣǱһӻ
¥µľƿͣҲ˼ؿ¥˿̾룬ʲôȻˣʵȴһҲҶʮ
Ҳ˲ҶʮϣϢһʶӡǡ

ҹĻ٣賿ҹʱһݳǣڰҹ޹⣬ֻһɫӰСﴩ˲Ϣһ˿ۼ
˲ǱˣȻˡ
ܿ죬˻ƻ¥ѭŰµʶӡǣƿʮҶҵĸ֣ϢһͥԺ档
ɲ¯࣬ټȥȫϢûоʮˡ
ͥԺǼʱȴ洫һֵֻĹ£˲һ𣬾ǰҶʮŮӣɽꡣ
һٴϢһ˴


0143 
ǶڷŪ췭ظԽԽվ淳ʤΪȷһʧ㴳˽ȥ
Լ˰ʱ䣬һ󼱴ٺ֪һ˲ƴ룬һӰվڴߡ
˼ͻȻֵӰһȻֵҪʱ̣һ˲ͬ˹һһ˲䣬˷Ӧеؿһһ룬˲סǵĹ
ŮŵûɢҪʧг֮ʣҶʮ˲ס죬֪˿һʱ
¡ʲôˣ
Ҷʮлһ˿򶨣Ҳϳ˶Էǰ¥ǸغۿͣضԷΪһʱ֮ǱĿġ
ԱߵŮҲŵòҳҵؽץסӣһֱ֪ԷҹǰҪʲôҲ֪Էôûоô֣Ǻε֣ǺεȿΪ
Ǵˣ֪Ҫʲô
䵭һ߽ˣҶʮһļʶƲԷҹðǰΪʲôҪ켫ƣ
һ켫ơ֣ԱߵŮ΢΢һһ±øӲ԰ˣ˽ҶʮҶʮһҪȥ켫ΪıҪܵӡ
ǾԲܽ켫ƽȥģʧȥһεĻᣬһΣ´Σһûлõ켫ˣԼڣ˸ˡ
ĬҶʮһ´·һЦ֪Եʲôˣ֪㱾´ܹϢֻҪŪһ죬ܻ뿪䡭
˴һЦʹҹһ뿪ܻ뿪ǾȥҿԵʲôҲû
ͬĻҾûҪظڶ顭
ԽԽˣҲԽԽ䣺켫ƸңԼ
ԱŮӼԽԽɱҲԽԽ䣬˿̲ΣŵӲסҶʮ켫Ƹɡ
죡
Ҷʮһۣתͷ俴ҪʲôҶԸ㣬Ψ켫ƣҾܸ㡭
һ̣ҶʮҲʮֺˣʧȥ켫ƣʧȥ켫ĻᣬͬʧȥһУӴҶҲ̧ͷĸףҲʧȥһֵλὫ켫ƽȥ
ǷҪԶȡˡ
δ䣬һ˲ҶʮǰҶʮȻһһɲǣֻеһϢÿٶȣɱδ˿ľ
ҪԶ֣ܻΪһˡ
ԽԽˣ˵ʱѾһİ֮Ҷʮؿǰ
Ҷʮ亹ֱʱ˹һҲת˿ȴܸܵԷǵ֪ԷҪʲô
㡭ңһͷա
Ҷʮ˵꣬ʱֻеؿһҽʹһ˲䣬ҲҪﱻһȻ˿õģϴǿƿɭԪӤֶͬΡ
㡭ס֣
ҶʮŤñΣԱߵŮҲŵûɢǴ˿̷ٴҲˣոһ˲䣬һ硣
һֻ̣䣬ûһ˿飬Ȼ̽ԷԪӤ֮ʱȻһâҶʮؿ˳
һâͻȻһ˲Σգܵһ浹Ծ˳ȥ͡һһâǽڶˣͬǰµĸ磬Ҳһ˲䱻ˡ
䶨վȣ̾źգû뵽ԪӤ澹ķǷԼʱӦֻԪش
ʱȻ˽Ųֱ˲չɲֻܿѳߣȻж֮ϣʮҶһɱȡ
ߵҶʮ˿ʹȫһˣϾң
ӵģ
߶Ȼһֻ˲չɲһ½ҶʮҲһ¶öâ¶룬ֱҶʮĺ
ǰһʬ
䣬ҪӲ򲻹иߣο滹ʮֻ
Сл˵Ī˹ӣ
߼æһ죬˿ȴǲóȻǰһ
Ǹоóǰ˼Ȼҹ˵أڿЦҲܹоóϵɱÿ£һ˿


0144 켫
ѪҶʮĺϣһö켫ƣһǹƽ
һԷǳ켫ƶ߲ѣӲܳʲô£켫ƣҲܽȥ
Ҷʮ£ϣɽ켫Ƹ
䣬صҿλ֤һöֻҪһ˲䣬ͻһ߿ʬԪҲ룬ǿԣֻһ
ձ쳣ʮҶһҲüͷ壬˵СѲϷһȰҶԣк³ǽֻҪСѲ˹ӣҶ˿ԵʲôҲûСҪʲôҶ˶Ը㣬Ҳȥ
ȻĿɺ䣬ϵɱҲһ֡
˿ΪұֽŵСѽ˹Ҳͬò켫ƣһСȴҪҹ׷ɱֺοأ
ûǽɱò켫ƣֻһҲҪ۶λǰˡ
㣡
żˣ鼱֮ʲô޷ص켫ƣ治ܸ
˫ȥȻ䣬һ䣺
һɲǣһɺɱ˲ͥԺ߶ȻһҲ룬һ˲佫һöɫ˹ȥΪڸոһɲǣܵһеɱ⣬δйĺɱ⣡
סƣҲֱȥö켫Ƶ٣Ϊûδ֪ǰαһöٵơ
ʱ˿̣ҶʮҲŵĵˣΪڸոյһɲǣҲͬܵ˵ĺɱ⣬δܹ˿µɱ⣬˵ʲôˣɱˡ
켫ƺҲйһ㣬ص켫ѾˣԷ˰ɣ
תȥ
ص
һҲֻܱĬĬתȥֵԷ⹦
㣡
ߵʱһŭ켫Ѿˣ㻹Ҫôߣ
˵Է⹦
㡭
ҲָֻһʱסԼĹʮһۣǻ
ʮ˴˿һۣ϶Эˣǻô죿ֻӶԷҪԷ˹
ٴ߿һۣҶʮ˳ȥչ˲Ǭһ˲ʧ˲ãҹĻ¡
ӣ
æͷҶʮסһֻ̣Ҷʮµ˼£ƿ۲Ѫ˿ͳ÷Ҷʮܹܴ衭ϧһдۣ׷ɱˣĺǡŹҲ鵽ʲôˣҪȫ壡ţûУ

һݳǣЩ̫
˿̣Զһ¥ϣվŸ۵ˣķòҡͷһЦǸбµСһ֪ĸŵĵӣ켫Ҳеˡ
ǡղžɿţΪβ֣ʱһź۵ˡ
ǰȥΪҪ֣õ켫ƣƾ£ƾֶΣƺδΥ档
ֻˡɱеذ
ɱҲһֱô˵ոСһƺҵʶˣȤ
ʶҲᱻ˷ǡ

뿪ݳǺһ·չɲУ֮ߵ˼ȫǵҶҵ׷ɱҪǣոôһ˲䣬ԼԼܵһ޵ʶעԼ
еʮֲʶԶѰö࣬Բ˭һͼʶ̽ôһᱻһʱǸոȴ
ոյָоԴһ̤¥ѾԷʶˣȴ˿δܲΪԼ֪ȴϵãԼһУԷ̫ˣɱžȻԻ
ǣԶԶ˶ȺУһƵ켫ı־ԽԻ켫
ɱžϴһǣƽŲ켫λڴ˳ǣʶҲȽϰ켫һû˸ַ˳ǡ
Ѿװȥһɫֱۣ켫ڵĶΪ켫ĳԣʶʮ֣˲źһЩˡ
ЩȻǻԼżӵ켫ò׵ֵ켫ƣ;ֳʲô⡣
Ͼ켫ĹرǣֻҪδ̤켫ſ˰켫ƸȥˣҲ޿ɷ顣Ѿ켫˵׷ɱǿ¾͵ųȥˡ
켫һ㳡⣬켫㳡ƽûˣɽϲ켫Ƕɽ
գ㳡ȴˣÿÿ켫µʱɽϵʦʦǶ͵ۿҲϰߣȥ˵ʲô
˿ڹ㳡һʯǰվߣ켫λ峤ϣͬʱҲ˴ԡ
Ѿˣ˴˴ԵˣȻǸŵˣɱžôȴֻ켫֮ѣܹ켫ģ඼Ǹŵٮٮߡ
ȻԼܵˣһЩûмŵˣһЩȫƾԼʵõ켫ƣԴĳ˵ǱЩżΪܵ˸ǿ
˿ҲϢŵ˶ȥԼĪ˰ʱ䣬ŵִʼ¼ĳһۣϲ޶ٲһɫֻƽƽ֣ţ塣
޳ţ޼塣
һ˵ûż֮󣬷ǵΧ̲ס˹ǳҲ̧ͷ࿴һۣû̫仯һƽؼ켫ơ
ҲԣȡöɫӣҪݳȥʱȴһţ
һš˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥֻԶʮΪ׵һߣ뷢ףü棬˴һɲŭ֮ƣǰߵŵ˶׷ȥ
Ȼ˶ϳʮϾҶҵˣҶԶϾȴһСļ壬һ˸ð
˿̣켫ִʳ򲽲߿һۣҶϣ¡
߲ŭָָˣܽ켫
ŴԣΧ˶Щ׷СҶϾٴδػܵõ켫ˣ
ִʳһƽص켫ƣܽ켫
֪
ɫ䣬ָָ˵켫ƣȴЩ·
Ŷ
ִʳϿһۣڷеıʣ˫ַصԸꡣ
ΧҲԽԽˣĿһ䣬ȥλСǰ켫ƣҲԭ˰ɡ


0145 
ŴһΧ˽һһٴοʱ񶼲һˣֲôɣȴõһö켫ƣԭ켫ƣ͵ģ
˵õ켫ƸƾֶΣ͵ֶΣδҲ̫ˣ˵ӲС͵˭ãƫƫ͵Ҷͷȥˣⲻ̫ͷ϶Ѱ·ô
һ̣˶ָָб֮ɫǹ㳡ʦʦ㣬˿Ҳҡͷ֮һЦ
ԭΪɾõһö켫ƣ˭ȴ룬켫ƾǴӱ͵ģܽ켫Ļպ󴫳ȥЦý˪Ц
˿˵ӶתȥÿվЦҶʮߣҶʮҲڣֻ㷽ſ˵ĳ켫ԭ
ǡ
Ŀ䣬˼ϣҿ켫ϣǷҶҵ֡һ˵ţһɵؽö켫Ƹ߸߾
˶켫ƿȥʱ뵽ѵҶ˵ʲôʲôһ켫˼ƾõأ
ȻһʵΣҶôҲ⹫ĻǵҶʮ˿ᣬҶҲۡ
Сѵ˼ǲϽ켫ƹ黹ˣ
һɲǣߵȻ࣬·ʵһ㣬ʹΧĿҲһ±࣬˶Ī˸ʶˡ
켫ƣƾ£켫ƾĳ˭켫˭úˡ
ŴһΧһ˼ѾԲҶʮҪ켫ĻǾԼ켫ȥҶȴܲ֡
棬ȻҶǰ˸ɱҲ֪ȴ켫ǾɲǺˡ
ܺá
һĿⶢϣû뵽˶ҶҾһ˿ɵҲûУǾֻһֿܣ˵ĺ̨ǿĪҲĸĵӣ
ˣҶʮһۣʮȥûĶ
á
Ҷʮǰǲһɺһʧֱ˹һΣҪһѩǰܣ˴һΪ
ȥ˫ַ˪Ҫ˵Ĺĸţĸ塣
ۼҪˣΧҲѸóһƬյأʯǰλ峤ҲʱͣҲ뿴˾δҶõö켫Ƶġ
㳡ϵ켫ӸǸ˷ܲѣѾþû켫涯֣֪˾ƾõ켫ƣǴҶ͵ģȻһ֪
ܿ죬㳡ѾճһƬأַڱö켫ƣԵУ·˿δ˿̵ĶַС
ʲô
˾еһ죬Ҳδ̫Ըˡ
Ҷʮﰵŵɱ˼֣Ȼ䣬ֻһѾһɫֻǽ溮âˣȻһɽ
޳Ҫȫʬ
һɲǣҶʮԶ˶еһϣһ˲䣬ֻҶʮһ̳һ̳춼ǲɫӰ缲һֶȥ
һ̣˶ס˺ҶҵġʮҶʮʩչò죬֮ͬУмܹ׵£
˶Ϊ޷ӿֲ֮ʱһ˲䣬ȴǳԤϡ
ֻһ˲ԭʧһ㣬Ҷʮ콣ȥȫȻ˸գղסЩ嵹ȥ
أ
ҶʮһûܹױܿʮΪδ˵Ͳˣ
һ̣ȴһһ˶еһҶ߸üÿٶȣù⹦ĸŵģȻʶ㣬Ҳδ˹
һС
켫ƣص
һ£㳡ˣ˶ڵͷۣ벻˾Ҷʮ켫ƣҶǰ㣬͵ġ
˿ڹ㳡һ¥ϣվһƮƮŮӣŮӿȥ绪ʳ˼̻𣬴ʱҲľȴȣκһ˿仯
㲻Ҷѡ
ҶʮӺ˪ˣһֻ̣гһףǰɫɽ˲仯ǧǵһȫն
ҶҵĽһҶ֪Ҷʮͬʹò죬˿ֲһ㼲£Ȼ˸еޱȵϢ
һ̣˶ڲȥ꼰Ҫӿ콣ɱ
ֻ콣缲һ˷ʱҶ׷ɣȴأУɲһչһɲǻӰ콣֮¡

һǧ֮ɴ콣ǿ£ȴһ˿ҲţԶ˶е𾪲ѣ⾿ʲô
㳡Щ켫Ӹ˷ˣǴδĲʯǰλ峤Ҳۿ룬˾ʦкţĲ
ԶҶǸеЩţԭΪƾҶʮĽֻб´ˣû뵽˾ȻĲ
˾ĸżģܲǡܣǰѾ伣ܡ
һ̣ߵ֮ǰǰʢˣ콣Ҳڽɢȥˣֻ̤һƬҶ䵽˵棬صС
㡭
Ҷʮɫɷף亹乣ôܹ뵽дȥԷһ˿½Ҳûܣܣ
Զ˳˶ųǸ˲˸СҶʮĵ㲻öߣǴܹɻιΪֵ˺εȾ磿֮Уʵټ

Ȼ䣬ֻҶʮͨ죬Ѫ˿ǺȻ߻ħһ㣬һ죬סɫһȥ
һ̳ΧʮɶʱصҶҲ׷һҶʮȫվԶҲƵòȥȻƲɵ
һ̣˽һֻҶʮһضһûܵ£
ٺ١
Ҷʮ¶˺ЦȻһ˲䣬һȴһ˲׹˺Ԩ
С
ֻ֪ʱվĺ棬˫ָɫԵõȻޱȡԭҶʮһеǵӰȻɢˡ
ӰӰ
ԶȺʱ̫ˣ̫ˣ
㳡Щ켫ĵҲסˣһ̣Ƿ·𿴼һú󡭡ʮֿµĶ֡


0146 
㡭㣡
ҶʮתǵԼӰһ̣׹ޱ޾ľԨ
תޱ飬˫Ȼ󣬾ʱȻһ𣬾صҶֻ޷ԶصҶһɲΧת
һ˲䣬˶еһε壬Ժ·ߣһ˿ԼԼ֮
ֻҶԽԽ࣬һ̣ҶʮҲǸܵһŵɫɽҲڲϵĲ
Զ㳡ЩҲס˺ˡҪô
ֻȻ켫ƣȻڱ˳ָһסһƬҶ
һɲǣֻһӣһƬҶȥʱ죬һƬССҶΧʮɵҶ۳һӰ͵سҶʮȥ
Ҷʮ˫ĿԲҪȥһ̣Ʊһɿ֣ȫҲã
⣡
һ߰һ˲ֽҶʮǵӰֵȥ
ֻ¡һһӰ·ҲΪ֮һȻǺΪ˿̾ҲƵòʮಽվ
˺һ֮һԶȥƲ㷭ӿֹأҶҲƮ˶˳˼ؿǰصˡ
ֽ˫ָҲȥ࿴Ҷʮһۣת켫Ǳȥˡ
һ̣Ծ˵ոǹʲôܽصҶ۳һӰĸţĸĹˣ̫ˡ
ȵȡ
Ȼ䣬ߵıͣ˽Ųͷһƫк£
߰ŭصСһ仰һǿԺ֡
˶Ϣ˫ָ󣬵Ҳǰһ仰һСһ֮գĺ֮㣬˵գٲͷ켫㳡Ǳȥ
仰һΧǸеһ𣬺һ䡰һСһ֮աһ䡰ĺ֮㣬˽سɴ
ãá
Խˣвϲ²˾Ǻܹ˵仰ߣдй֣µµ֮һһҲˣҶʮԶˡ
ԶҶʮ۲Ѫ˿ȻɽһâƿնȥҲڴ˵أҪȥչزһĹ߻ħҲҪ˳𣬱ѩ֮ܣ
߿ȥķһ̾Զ켫λϿȥ΢һȭŶʱˡ˵գתҶҵʮȥˡ
λǰ΢΢˹֣е켫Ƶ˳ȥλ΢һףĿⲻǰǰƽо룬ˣ±ǽ켫ĵˡ
켫ƺҲٶ㳡ȥ˶Զ¥ϣĺŮվǰ߽㳡üһһɽϻȥˡ
ͨʽ켫ȥһ֮أ켫ȥԼԭʵ
ǿʵ˻Ϊӣһֻ鷳ϡ
ոһ͸壬Ƚ켫ٲ˭ٴ˿ڳϵӣûһġ
ƻ轵ʱʮö켫ƣλջʮö˵˻û
Ⲣ£˻µ飬ֻҪڷţȻ֮ǰʱٵɡ
λ峤ߵʮŸǰɫ࣬ߵĺ³ϵʮѣʱ֮ǣδ׼ߣڻ˳
ʮ棬ŮŮУһǣ˵ʮּᶨòײõ켫ƣ˵ͷǵɽҲôһΪ˽ĳɾͣκһ˷
˵³΢΢ͷԱߵ³Ͽһۣ³ĬȻһֳһϹ⣬˴㳡
ٴʱѾһˣһĹ棬ֻʯᾣľ͸һΣϢĺɫĺ֮£ƬֿȥЩɭɭëȻ
ʱϺȻһǵĵһǰص壬ճʱ֮ǰδܻص壬ʧܡ
ϵ˿̷ɢص˶䱸ĺɽĹȣ治пֲޣ壬嶼һƣҪֱȥ»ܾ׽٣ҷ
ˣ˸Ҵ⣬Ҳעǰ޷ȥɽĹΣأΣգϲ֣ǳϳˣôҲʧˡ
ʧˣָһĳţҹɫҲԽԽأûһ˿͡
Ƭ˼ɽԺﲻֻ˶ǰʱ
˿һбңҲ·˵ţҹһ˿į


0147 
ҹʱɽķˣڼĻޣЩ޵вߣδܶв
Ψһ鷳ǣʶɽ·أ۷תתȥʼոоԭߡ
ͬʱ켫ϣһĶ棬ֻһϥڵϡ
ĿȥʮĮ˫ƻ˫֮䣬һɫĻ֣ΧԼԼžӰߣȥ
ʱһ𣬽ŲĹ֮£ֻµ˽ãڶӲۣΣ
ٺ١
ȥһĵӣЦϲʦֽ֣һ㡣
Щά֮Įö룬üͷ΢΢һ壬ǳȥ̽ˣ
һۣٺһЦߵĵɣ޳
ɡߡ
ĮһߣɽҽҶʮĪ켫ôˡ
󣬱˴˶һۣŵǰǰ˺ţʱһҲʦǷ˶۴кˣΨһվԱߣ
ߣ
ĮһߣҲգǶ˱ȥ桭
ԶԶԣýѵһ¡
겻ϵͷһŻع㶵ʦ֣ո˵˵ʲôû塭
˵ȥ棬Ҫ˵ô
Ŀ䣬ŵǶ˻һԴ֧֧Ц⣬ⲻ̫ðɡһһó֪ˡ
˴˶һۣʲôЦ㳡ʶ˶Էı죬ȥһɷǵ鷳ٸǼҲҡ
ҲǶ˵һϲܵġ
⡭
Դµǣˣˡ
ôŽƣܰȥˡ
ãðɡ
ҲֻӲͷƤȥˣǰʯͷԼĽţ֪Ͳ˵ˡ

£ջ˼ֻޣȻһڲԶ𣬽ֻ߾һĵӰѾվ
ʲô
Ŀһ˹ȥȴƼԶվĸˣĪҲǻޣλޣƺôߡ
˶һۣΪһ˺ȻѹɽҿԣҪ˹¡ʯһ˵ţһСƽ
ŷԭǻޣ⼸ʲôëֻлޣЩĪ켫ҹĵĵӣʵɽôߣ
һЩĪΪ˹ӵأ㣡ĿʣСүһն㡭
ˣ֪ˡһۣеĪأ˵ǰߴ·
ʲô
˶һۣΪתͷѵ鷳ģ
ˣ֪Ǵ·ʹ·һʯ
㡭
˸һͷˮŷǴ˿̵ӣƺһҲ岻˶Է˱˴˶ӣ΢һͷʲôȻų
ͻȻֿ磬סǰ˵Ĳӣҽһ죬һһߣ߷һ˳ýһڿˮŵòҶˡ
Ǵ·ʲôأ
˼һۣһ˵Դ㻰أǴ·ʲôԴһ¡
Ӵ򡭡
ŵæסͷǰʱ򱻶ԷҶʮһսסˣ˿ŽƣĸҲȫǶ֡
ˡɿüڴ·
⡭
˻Ҳı˴˶һۣصã·˲ɣط˴·ˣײˡ
ȻҪҲ򲻹ҲֻӲͷƤǰߴ·һɽϣһתηηǡǸ·Ǳߣֻһ˹ȥˣòˡ
У߰ɡһۣص
ǣллʦܣŶʦ֡ӣſٴȡһ̻ɽȥˡ
ʧķ켫ĵôδҲ̫ˣǰõ켫ƣЩƾõ켫ƵˣԶԶ硣
عͷԶҹĻ£߲ɽȥ·ˣþȥ
һ·ϣٻ޺󷨣ȵʱѾʱˡ
±ϣŻɫƺһɲǣǺȻʲôʹһ£˿Ժ󵽵ģȴۣһƬһ޼ʵƺʦ˿̣ǷҲʱһվ±ϣ
꣬ʦʼһסʼһˣű¹⡣Լˣʦֻص˴ǰһˣƺ
ʦ
ÿÿ뵽뵽δʱҪʹһɡʹ·ǰ޷Ľᣬ·ǣһҹ
һٴ飬ص彣ع㳡һ£˹
ϵв磬ΪԣҲ㹻ˣٶҲǱ޳Ī
îʱʱ½Ȼϥ£üҺͷϣѾһ¶顣
ʱȻһĽŲǽŲԽԽĹ֮£ȴһŵСȹŮŮԼĪʮӣһһһ㳡
ȻµʱŮһ˫ۣףȻбҸġ˴æס죬´ŵԷһ㡣
ּèŽһԱߵȥŪ죬·´ԼˣģҲǹɿɰ
ʼδ۾Ůʱʱ͵͵ȥһۣδۿʱҶʮһսȴ˵˿룬˾Ǹ޳
֪콥ˣ½½ҲԭһƬĹ㳡Ȼȴʼǿ£·ԼҲһһҲκ˵
ʱʱλ峤˹㳡ϣڵӼλϵ̰
λȺ￴˿ԭʮŸˣֻʣʮˣĶʮˣȻʧܣѾͳȥˡ
λߵʮǰɫʮ࣬ߵĺ³ϵһѾͨڶѣδ׼ڼ˳
Ⱥ˵˶ᶨȻһͨˣڶѣ˭ʱ˳


0148 
˵³΢΢ͷԶһɽָȥʱ
ָɽȥֻɽܲԵΪɭϿ¡
֮£죬һɫһɫһɫһɫһɫϸȴֱǽľˮ
ڵӶ켫֮ǰȻ˵һвǻҷ𡭡һΣĿˡ
λҲٶԣһֻһһâȥˡ
ʱڵӶ˷ܵţһΣʣ¶ˣΨʼǿ£κ˵
ǰŮȥ˵ּʼһӣҲֻա
ʱ󣬲磬ڵӶ½½ȥˣҲۣǱȥʱȻһҹݺǸȵȡ
ȴǰǴŵСȹŮ׷ͣ˽Ųͷһƫ£
Ůڿ˵ˣЩ䣬֮ܲǰǰǧ֮⣬һʱЩ죬ֻ˫ַڱǰ㣬¶һɿɰģЦҽ𽣬ʲôְ
һɲǣԺȻֳָʮǰǸŮģ

ҽѡ
סǡ紵Ʈu٣衯ѡ

Ȼ䣬һ˿Եһ˲䣬·ΧĿҲ࣬һ½ӲסˣԱߵļ˶Ī˸ŮҲ˿̵ֱ仯ԭء
Ƭ̺һ仰Ҳû˵תǱȥˡ
нԶıӰŮòŻüôҡ˵ʲô𡭡
ʱ˹ӽŮ΢Ц˸߰ýʦãǺһȥ
ߣ
𽿴ԶѾʧıӰһţû꣬һչǱȥˡ
棬һϢʱѹ˶еЩѹ֣ȫλִָ˳
³ϵˣǿԼԣѡһ룬ֻһλᣬؽѡ񡣡
ڵֿʼСȻÿ˶ԼƫһԣҪֻҪѡԣ°빦ѡԣΣո
硰ˮ˻𡱣Ļԣѡˮ룬ĽԣҲܽˮΪˮͬᵼ
ҪˮҲˮԵģľԵģΪˮľ
ʮӲ඼ѾȷԼҪһʱ³ǰڵڶȽѣǿһ飬ͬ룬֮ǰͨ
ڵһǿµȥΣأб˴໥ӦȻùһҳ壬˿ʮĸˣܹȫꡣ
£˱㿪ʼʱˣǰʶڻ̸ܹĵؽ󱳽ԷҪΡ
ܿ죬ʮѾϣȴʼһվԭأ̧ͷԶ
Ǹһɣǵԣ
һųųŮǰǸŵСȹŮ
Ů˵æҡֵģһܹԼǡǿѽ
ѡ
عͷǰŮ·ʮǰ£һһӹļ䡣
ȽʦǴ˵֮ʱҪҡ
ˮ飬ˮ鰡

ûѡ
һ̣Ȼһ˿䣬һǡľȥˣɲǼʧӰ
ŮһվԭأʧľӰüһһţһҪȳ˵꣬Ҳһˮȥˡ

һʱһˣȻ䣬ֻһɫӰľ˳ƽƽ˵ϣ
һʱû֪ﾭʲôֻߵǰһյأϥȥ˹ָԪ
Զһ¥ϣλĳվǰã³ϺȻڵոһ˿ֵϢϡ
³΢΢˵ͷˣܺЩһżһɲǵ񣬺ǰһˣ񡣡

ֹһʱֻˮҲһӯӰ˳ƽƽ˵ϣǰǸŮ
ܿһˣŮǵ˳Ȼľŵʱضһ½š
Ϊʲôֱҿ죿
Ůü˫ֲСϣҪ߹ȥȴֺȻͣУʱүү˵ԼҪĸ꣬޷롰䳾顱ϣ˱ضı£ԲܴδζԼ֮ǰ
Ȼ䣬ֻһתèŽŲ͵͵ȥ


0149 
ϢŮ͵͵һЦȻָӡݡһһϸСˮ㳯˹ȥ
ˮȥȴǼᣬüͷһ壬һһ߳һ±㽫ǵˮ˰Уһ顱һأڵϣ˲ʧ١
ԩ޳Ϊ͵Ϯң
תͷȥ䲻ȵصŮһЦǿķӦ
˿Լ˵ˣŮӯ˹ȥգһ˫ۿι֪ʲô֣޳ǰɣ˴°ϸֺ֣޳ȴһ޳
˵߽֮ЩʵǴİ
ûһԱੲ˰죬콫Զһָ

ŮתָһƬյȥֵǴģʲô˼
˵пյء
пյء㣡ߣ
Ů˫üһһۣһ壬Ƭյ˹ȥʱԶԶһۣҲ˵ˡ
ʱʮ˴ˣȻʮʧܣѱ˳ȥ
λ峤ҲԶ¥˹ǰߵĺ³ϵڶͨˣջһͨһ¡
˵꣬λϲٶԣһֻȥˡ
ʣʮߣֻһˣ϶Ե쳣˷ܣֻͨһܹ켫ˡ
ͬʱҲЩǣѾһ룬֪ȴǵģֽʲô
ò߹һҹ峿ʱλˡʵ˵Ѳѣ˵ȴҲ򵥣Ҫɹֵסλһλι
ȻλҲзִ磬ո˵ǳһȻҲ鿼ǡ
ô˭Ըһ
ڵӾ׼ϣλǰȺСƬֻ̣һµ˳λϹ˹֣Ըܶλϵ

³΢΢ͷָһһɫʱն˹ȥ
һƼᣬӲС˫ƣǰһǽֻ顱һնڱǽϣ˲ǽķѡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬æ˹ֵ˫ȴȥ³΢΢һٴָһϺȻһӼͣǲҴ⣬æתͷһƬɫԪ硣
¡
һ죬ΧҲеһһ̻˷ӦǺ³һƳӴȥ
һƸ޴ֱֻеһϣ˲䱻ƷסҲԶ鼱֮¼æת˼Ҵֻһ˲ȫǿֵס³ϵһơ
罥ЪֻУȴţϺ£δ£˱ͨˡ

³΢΢ͷͨˡ
һϲ⣬æ˹֣лϣ
ΧȥȸеĽЩǣոճϳôܳܵ

ȥһʱѾδܳס³ϵʧ˳ˣʣ»δ˶Щֲ̿
³ϼվˣʣµʮɨһۣʵ˭Ҫ
ʮ˵˶ʱһ´һɡ
ֻڴվ³Ͽ΢΢˵ͷʱ³ȴ˱˴񽻻㣬³ȥ³ȥסιʤһЩһǿιѶȣ׼ˣ˵һ
˶ȥ˿̾룬Լ࣬Ϊεȴ࣬ĸŵˣΪһֱ˵
ǰ³ϣ΢һҾ֣볤ϴͽ̡

³΢΢ף̧ƣ·һɲǣΧʮںȻһɿ磬˶еһʶȥ
ԴڵҲתγһ磬Եֵ˿³Ϣϵѹȡ
ֻԽԽҫ۶Ŀһ̣˶еһϢϢ˱ˣܹܵ

һ죬âʱХֱնȥһɲǣڳ˽ԸеһɿֲϢѾ˿ʮԶǸе޷ֻԼǿһ㣡ǡ
ϸȥ룬貶ĿĽѱƽǰֱӸն
ֻһ˲ʵâɽ޷ɲֻܹӲƾһȥӲ³ϵĹơ
˴˿̼Ȼһ˲ɽв˶˳

ֻ죬˫÷ԲһӿɢԶĶʮ˽ԱĿﾡǾ֮ɫֻâɽ³ϵһ𣬾˿ã
˽ԸеһΪ˺εȾ磿ԼడΪĵȴܸ߳Լô࡭
н³˫Ŀһһߣʱøӽã΢һʱ˶Է̽Լʵȴܶá顱湦
ֻǽԽԽͣϡһ죬ɽѺۡ
Զʮ˶ס˺Ȼ˴˿³˼ֹ⵱ֻһ
˼ȥУԼ鹦תƵסԷĽ˼ˣȫԪһһ½Լɽ飬һ³ʱ˹ȥ
Զ˾һһкգ
³΢һͷ·Ǵſ϶ּ˫һ̧һɽʱХ
һεȴǱȸղҪ£ֱ⸽ļҲҲ
ʱ䣬Բ̳˶˳Ȼһͨ
ͣ˫һ˲ΧҶһ¾۳һӰľʩչ˳ȥ
¡
ײʱƬƬѣɽ帽ʮƲҲһ±ɢˣһȹֻ̣´˿̸Ƕʮ˶Ѫ˳ȥ
Ǻ³ϼŲ£ǰһ˵ʲôջֹסˣƬֻ̺ǵӰɢȥĿҶȫ˷顣
³Ҳջ˫ָ󣬿ǰˣͨˡ
ҲδܿĹɱžĸţԶҲηѣܸոճֻιѾ㹻ˣոιһΣҲܳܵġ


0150 
΢һ֣Զȥˣû߳Զ³ϺȻסˣ޳һ¡
ͣ˽ŲתȥкηԸ
³Ͽ۰룬˵˴½棬ĵߣԸ⣬˴½ӵʦ֣
һԶ˶һ֮ǰȻ˽⣬켫ͬһЩţľʮּңϵµ֮䣬ΪԴÿÿͻϣҲһĥ¡
޳ǵʦ֣ȻǶλʮֿ˵ʦ֣ͬʱҲҪԼʦá
Ȼû˲ϾոչֳʵĿã˿̲˶¶ĽܹΪϡյ㡱ʦ֣ζŽɾ͸ߣҲܸ׵õ켫Ĵϡָ㡣
˿λϿԭΪȻͷȴ˹֣ǸΪû
ŴԣԶ˸һΪʲôҪܾôһᣬЩĵӣʦֶԴԶǳյʦ֣ΪξҪܾ
˶еʮֲ˼飬ŮҲ˹غι޳ʲô
Ǹ
ٴλϹ˹֣תԶȥˡ
ʦ֣֪ʦ֣պӷҵλµǰǣᡣ
ÿÿ뵽ǧѣһɲǵĴʹٲκ˲
ңΪΪʲôɾޣֻΪһˡ
λϿ˿һȥӰ΢΢˵ͷ˸־ȻԸʦ֣Ҳȥǿˡ

ҹһбңãһ䵥ͥԺ˿ڸ¥Ĵ̨ߣ
Ժ˼ңʱ뵽δ룬δֽںη
ʱ뵽ʮǰŴһҹѪɺӣʲôģ־ΪʲôԼ־ʲôˡ
ȡʦöѪֻѪкڣȻܹöѪܵһ˿ѪĸоǴɳĮżغ֮Ѫĸоˡ
Ϊʲôʦ͸ԼѪ񣬻Լһ˿Ѫĸо
Ѫ񣬷˼Ҳ⣬һֻýѪ˻ȥ֪ΪΣڸоԼһܣ鹦öѪغ̣ܡ
֪˶ãҹԽԽˣɪɪһƬƬҶ
Ȼ䣬һ£֮ǰɳʱ˵ǰǸشӣ˱κˣһȴ޷ָǸ˵ȥ᲻ǡҲ
üԽԽܸоʮֲѰǸ˾ʲôˣٶǰٶǰԪŵؾʲôš
Ȼ䣬һ뵽ʲôȻҲһɲǣȻеؿһƣһƺȻüĺм䡣

ɫɷףһ޵Ͻ˼亹
˹ֿ³ʱǣҲ֪ô£Ϊ飬ڣ·Ѿһӡ
һӣӵ˲ΪѾԶԶͬˡ
ͬʱһӣҲһһزʳҲڲ֪仯飬ñ䣬Į
ƾһⷴѹΣҲ֪
ãķٴѹ˻ȥֻǲ֪´ٷֻǺʱǣ󶯹ʱͻȻ

峿ʮ˹ͬǰ壬ƽĵطȣÿȵһ
ǵܺãǷֵһȣȻһ֮ǰڴ˹ϵȴò˳ȥպ󣬱һͻ
ЩԶҪʱûȥˣ켫ΪֻΪҵµǰѣҵµǰҪ뿪켫ȥѰδ롣
µǰʵ켫Ĵϡ֮һҪĴϣΨͨΪ켫
켫Ҳǵ֮أÿӣ롰켫켫оžŰʮһ㣬ÿ궼һλͨÿһؿ飬ϵһ㣬һ꣬һ
ҪĴϣﵽʮ㡱
º󣬱ǽʱ䣬ڣֻҪȺʱ䡣
֪ȥһʱ䣬ʱ뺮켫ȴ޴ѩ׷ɣеֻһƬϺ
һ£ûȥȣʼԼͥԺ¥չȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһŮż޳޳
ûŮܶԷʼղۣŮȻ¥˽ȴ֮ǰǸŮ
ȥ
Ȼۣ䵭ص
˹ſе޳ǰɣǴ򲻹ǣʦʦǶǸˣûطȥ޷ȵºǸ򲻽켫Ļһ꣬޷켫
ۣ۾æԱ϶һ裬еؿ޳Ǻòá
ûȥ˹Ĳ裬ֻ£ӦȥҳϲŶԡ
ֱҡͷϲµģֻܰǣ󣬷·ɵһǸ򲻹ǣʧܵĻǾûطˡ
˿վߵߣԺһصҶҲǵġ
Ϊʲô
ʮֲؿһ·˾ٱ䣬Ҳϲ鵽ȵķϣڡ
˹ȥСʵΪʲô㲻ǡ
ôΪʲô
䵭ת˻ȥں棬òŵǡǣǲһ𣿡
һ𣿡
˻ȥҺʱ˵һģȥɣҲǵġ󣬱۾
һòŵǡҪȻҸʯкܶܶʯԸ㡣
һ˵ţһֻһöǳɫʯ˹ȥ㿴
Ȼû۾𽿴˿öССʯͷȥԴңֻһö˴Ȼ̧ͷصԺԺԸܶʯһɽôߵʯҶУ
˵˲ǣǲᣬ˵棬Ҫˡ䵭ĩһһƷ罫˳ȥ
𽱻Ʒ͵⣬˼վȣ˵ʲôȴ顱һҲˡ


0151 
㡭
ͨ죬һţô飡㿴ЩݲûЩݲҲö࣡
˵ּһţ޺еһۣȥһһƲֵͲ
߳Զּعͷ޺޿һͥԺüȴָ˲ϰæô죿ѵҪ
У
뵽˴ҡҡͷߵʱүү˵Ҫ֪ԼݣǲЩ֪ԼݣǸӵôߣôùǡ

棬۾ľ顭Ϊ飬Ϊ顣
ʱȥ죬һգȾˣʮµӶڣʮµӣĴ඼켫ϵӡ
ôҪȵˣûô
ʱֻɽ˼ŮŮЦЦؿ·ʮˣһЦιСǣ˵ʦֽ۸ǣΣ
ԣʮֱǺ޵ҧгݣǵУһǸԼŵ飿ȴƫƫҪ⵱
һ޺޵Ҫƽ͹ƽ˭ҪˣҪƲˡ
ȵȣ
ѻ˵꣬һˣɽļ˿ȥ˵ģ
ЦСʦ÷ģʦ˵Ȼ㻰
ãǾһΪ
ĿᶨǼԽԽˡʱԶһȥԴЩŮ˹Сʦãô£޳𡭡
ˡ̬Į
Ϊʲô
ԱŮ˵ĮһʱЩ죺ûи
֮˾ǣ
ɫһ±ЩˣԭΪ޳ֻǱĮ飬ѣȥԻĮʶ飬Ѿʧ͸ˣҲȥ˵һ仰̸ȥʲô
ðɡ
ԱߵŮüҲټȥˡ𽿴ɽļˣ
Цţǲ硭λʦʦʦǰɡ
ã
Ŀᶨʹû޳ҲƾԼʹ֪УҲһ켫Ϊǿɫѹ
Ҳ𽣬ԴŮܹˣ棬֮⣬ߵˡ
ԶɽҲۼ˲ϵӣǽղµģֻ뿴ε˵ж뵱ǸʱǶǰǰԹʦǵĻε˵ãӲͷ
ЦЦҲգ˵ʦ۸ǣֻҪǣܹŹʱ䣬ӮΣ
ߣ
һߣԣ˫ֿٽӡʱ˼ˮ
⼸ҲԼɽʱ䣬ɽȿҶ׷ɣѴſ͵ĹƳ˹ȥ
ȻֻһЦɫ˿δСϣֻмһһɽʱһɲǣ˾еһϣҲǰа벽
ƺл˵㰡
ӵһЦĩҲһƴ˳ȥʱڰлһ޴Ľɫӡ֮Ʋɵֻ顱һ죬Ůܲסµɫһףȵ˳ȥ
ʣһŬֿӿһʩչ˸ŵĵȻĵڵеľѹ֮£ҲԵ
飡
ֻ죬ҲܲסһĹƣԵ˳ȥ
в̫󣬸ǺһսֻңӣȴŽĵУͷ򲻿ʤĻᡣ
żиչ˱ֻʣ𽻹ڿ罣Ŭ֧š
ֻݽҧȻܻʮˮܹǿֵסĽȫǴ죬Է˿ֻҪٶƣضǳܲסˡ
Ȼ˿̣˲֪⻹⣬ƫƫèϷһʼղ֡
ʦá
Զʮ˶ģСʦãϣ׿ԽϾвܹŵסʱ
УŲסˡ
ݽҧǺ£ٲ䳾飬Լضһ䳾飬ԼҲͱ¶ˡ
Ǻǣʦãˡ
һЦǳϧ֮飬Ȼȴ˿飬ֻһɿһԶ˶һ˲ŵɫҰףʦõģ
¡
ƲɵֱʮɵĵҲƬƬˣӲƾֵȴܲסĺ󾢣ʱȥҲһ˿Ѫ
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ˣԶʮ˶ĵôȥǵشɣ
վ֮˲ǵһ˿ѪĿԵʮּᶨԶɽЩϵӼ˶Ц˳СʦãٴȥܻŲסġ
Ҫˡ
ĿȻһ˵ţһʮžӨ͸ˮָƣ˿ûҪӡ
ӵһЦҲգȻԸ䣬ôֻҪ㻹ٽһƣӮΣ
ŴһԶǶʮ˸ĵһƱضʮʦܳܵô
ʦáҪȻ˰ɡ
һǰ˼ʮΪѣֻвԼˣȥʦá
ְɡ
𽿴ӣȴʮּᶨ˿һʮŮ䣬ֻȫһˮܣˮҲܣԱǽ
ʦáҪˡ
ЦЦȻ˫һ̧ʱʮƲҲӿһɲǣ˶ܵһϢ޷
ͬʱԶһϣֻƮƮҲڿߵľ
һ˵Ҫȥֹô˳ûзִ磬ҵСѾͷˣһʲô£ֻ³ϻ֡
ȵȣżһҡҡͷԾԶɽȵľ

ɳۣȻ䣬˫ǰһƣʱ֯ȥһɲǣ˶еһϢ֮ǿʦܹģ
ȻδƷ罫ȫһ֣ʱãֻԼ
ʦã
ǰɫһһ˲ȥȻ˺ֵܵס˿顱˻δѱ˻ȥ
һ̣ҲɫҪȻ̫죬ֻ¡һѽ˴˳ȥǷһƬҶûκλء
ʦã
ʮ˽һȴ¶һ˿ЦȻһƴ˹ȥһƸǺ飬˽ŵɫұ䣬ԶϵߣҲڱɫҪ֮ʣȴԶȻһɫӰ˹ȥ
һ䡱һԭµһ˲䱻ȥˣɢΡ
𽾪δֻһѱһ˫ֱ۴Ӱнס̧ͷȥӳǰģȴһĮ˿̣ȴ·ÿһ


0152 
޳
ǸͻȻֵɫӰ󣬶ʮ˶ԭأֻڰн𽣬䵽˵档
ˡ޳
𽾪긦һҲסˣ˵
ĮȥĿͣӵϣЩ䵭ǿĸоܺã𣿡
һɲǣ˷㾲ԶɽЩϵҲסˣҲ֪ΪΣ˿̾ϸеһ˿˵Ŀº⡣
Ϊ׵ˣһҲĿתؿ򶨣ȴزסһ˿ţΪʲô˻

죬˽Ѷöɫķڣ˵ͷŲԼűߵöڣɫʱһ䣬֪ΪλͻȻˡ
ȻöڵˣǶϵãǷ·ɵʦܣԭȥҪֽ֮£öڱ¡
㡭㡭
̧ͷŬʹԼû뵽ȥˣȴŪɳ׾˸Ͳ··ʦ֡
㡭
һ̣Ҳû˸ոּƣɽЩҲϵӣǰһ̻ϵЦݣ˿Ѿʧɺ֮£ǲٳ
䣬̧֣ɽЩһָȥδǣһϰɡ
һǵɽʮסˣԶЩǰսϵҲһ½ԭأٸߣѲһ˶ʮˣδҲ̫ˡ
绺ɽϴһ̣ձ쳣̣ټȣһ˿˵ھȴţҪ¡
ֱһɽǶʮ˲Щһ̵񣬺ȻҲúࡣ
ӵһˣ붷ȫˣˣ
û˵ֻһȥҪϢһ㣬ԱҲһ£ɽϵĶʮ˿˿ֻعͷޡ
һֻûü˵ڣѱƷԶʦãû°ɣ
û
ҡҡͷĿȻͣϣֻЩģ֪ΪԶЩ֮ϣҪһȥԸʮϵӣδҲ̫ΣˣЩ˴˿Ѷص⣬顣
ЦЦȻʦ˵ʶˣôʦϧ߲ţʦһһʦܵĸУҲԡ
һ˵꣬ɽϵǶʮϵӣһȫһĿ䣬һ̣Ҳ˵⡣
ѵѵˣΪͣڶʮ˾һѵ
⣬ԽԽǿңһΣǾոֻЩˡ
ձøĽţȻ䣬Ƕʮһӿһ˲䣬˱Լɽ콣նľҷɣɽʯѣƬƬԶ˽һȻȴʼգվԭһҲ
޳
ɫȻһ䣬һ˲䣬ɽնʱһ̧һɫֳǶʮѷɽȫֵ˰С

Զ˽һû뵽ǶҲһ£׽ʮ˵ɽȫסˣǺεֶΣ
ֻǶʮˣһɲǣϢһǵͨ죬ȫ޷ɽ֮ʱܵƣͬԪҲܵ˿һ㡣
䣬һһɴӿԭӲӵĶʮɽһɲʧȥɫʣͭһҷ˳ȥǶʮҲʱشԵ˳ȥ

һֻǶʮʧȥâɽȫǶʮ˵Ľ¡
̤˹Ȱ벽
Ŀ䣬һתԶȥҲȥЩһۡ
ɽ˷㾲Զ˫ĿԲվԭأʵ޷룡
ǶʮϵӣʱǸɫҰף岻ϲһ̿ŽµɽǱ亹乣Էո飬ûлȥǵɽ棬ǲҲҪش
ԶɽϣЩǰսϵҲеһ˵ĵУ·ǲ¡
ΨһɽͷϣվŸƮƮŮӣĿʼ䵭ˮһԶƮȻȥˡ
ɽʮµҪӵȥһǾǧ֮ıʱ˱̲ס˸ֻһ·տԽԽԶ
޳ȵȣ
ʮ棬ֻ׷ȥһ·˼Զͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷ䲻ȵҪٸҡ

һЦزǱˣߵ㲻˵㲻ô
֪Уѻʯ޴֮
һ仰һǰȥһЦ׷ȥ޳ȵҡҪȻԺҽ޳ʦɡ
šʦ硱һһɲǣˣձ쳣ĺ¡


0153 
㡭ôѽ
ҲղԣǰȥȻһɲǱʱɵһ
òŻ뵽ͨʱʦ֣ȴܾˣѵʲôګګص㣬ǲǡϲʦ֡ƺ
Ҳ˭ʦ֣Ҫٸҡ
Ȼͳ࣬˵գǰȥˣһΣûٸȥˣֻңңнԶӰ
֮ǰһֱãǸʮֱûиˣǸոգڸոһ˲䣬ӶԷ·𿴼һŵį
ֱ˴ǰģһǾʲô̹ĵ飬ǵʦֵ֡ʱ
һ̣ȻҪȥ⣬ȥԻǸеĽᡣ

Ϧ£ɽһˣٲŹɣٻҲѵ㣬Ȼһ˿į
һϪǰˮеӰ·ˮеӰһҲǧѵģ
ʦ磬Ƚһ졭
յϸ·˶ߣȻֳһϪдȥ콦Ϫˮ̹ǡ
ǧѣȽһ죬֪ЩġȻպȥ磬Ȼ֮ҲһὫʦá

Ȼһˡ޳𣿡
£
ʮ䵭
֨ѽһŴˣֻ˽ƺǸ죬ÿҲֱܲܽˡ
һӣЩˮһʻ
ʲô
ƺϲÿζֱ߽ȴϰı䣬ЦʦʦΪ˸лϴǴЩˣЩˮЩӶҵ֡
һ˵ţһֻӷϣֽ˳봰̨ߵĻƿ˵Щ˳ժɵģÿɣ
ߣҲҪ
㲻Ҫʦʦһ
źúߵǰգһ˫ۿ޳лл㣬ҪĻǿܡ
лң֮Գ֣Ҫǣֻǡϰв
䵭öɫڣЦǣ
˵˴߽һЩǰСʵ޳ǰǲǾʲô£ҪȻҰɣģҾԲκ˵
һ̣ˮ˫Ժ뵽˵ŮѣҲͬһԶô˲ỳһһ
߰ɡ
ۣ
Ŷ
죬ֻȥˣȻۣȵȡ
ʲôѽ
ת˷ЦǲͨˣҪ
ߡ
һϵĹ䲻ȵص
㡭ߣ
죬һţȥϵĹǰǻƿȥ˵Ҿʩ˷ģǲή죬һֱ㡭
ۣȥˡ

ʱֹȥ£磬УȻ֨ѽһŴˣֱӱı˽кûһ
޳㡭ôˣ
𽱾Ǹ߸˵Ľ˿̿亹ӣüĻЩڣһҪ߹ȥȴȻһȣȥ

𽱻µģһԭزҶˣʱſǰȻȫڿήˡ
ôܣʩ˷ܿήġ
ʱоʲôԣȥ޳ңЩôή㵽ôˣ㡭
Ҫ߹ȥһ̧ͷȥûУ
һֻ̣۲Ѫ˿üһƺ֣δʱµģŵòٿˣãáҳȥ㣬
顱һűһƷˣ𽱻Ʒ˳ȥ˿վ棬Բǰ˼⡣
ǰԼЩʩչ˱ڵġˮ֮顱Щ˳ܻήģô£ѵԼôܵģǰδֹ
ͻȻ䣬ſ¥ĻݲҲѾήˣԽ¥ĵطԽǿήЩ¥ԶĻݣҲѾһϢˡ
ô
ϸһ±ЩҰף켫棬ﳣ겻˥ЩݲݣôԵ޹ʿή޳ôˡ


0154 
ãָԺήĻݣȻ䣬ֻ˫ֻֽۣǰв
ģӨ͸ˮ顣ֻЩˮ黺ήĻƮȥ̼䣬Щݲ»
Ƭֻ̺㺹죬ۣԺЩԭѾήĻݲݣһ̾ȻȫĻ˹
޳ҲΪʲôǡЩݲݿ㣬Ҫô¹µġ
ǽյſһۣͥԺȥˡ

棬ֻɫɷףüһƺ֣˫ֲѨȥһֱҹĻ٣ֱȫѹȥ
¹սУվȥߣԺЩػĻݣĬ
ʱֹȥ˰£ʱȴײˡ
ʲô
ҡ
𽿴˿ܣԺЩɷï԰ָּ糣ʵ޳㡭û𣿰ǰôѽ
һԶƵʱ߲ѣް˴һۣ
һЦ˵ٹһ£ǡˣʱ򣬻֪ܵϵڼأ޳϶ܵϡء־ɡ
û˵Զƣٹһ±켫սʮܼµǰʱָܷԪӤԼҪ뿪ˡ
ιôֲ˵
գһ˫ۿһޱ£ȥɣҲǵ켫ġ˵գԺȥˡ
ںãŴԶȥӰ˭Ҫ˵꣬Դ켫ȻǿԼʵˣ޳Ī

һת˲ţ˶³һ죬ϵӶˡ켫£ֻһΰƣվ棬ܸܵһϸС
ɱžΰߵһԻ켫
Ⱥ棬ŮŽżĴˣȴʼղ޳ӰʱԭֵȺȻһ°ˡ
ֻԶһƮƮŮӣŮüĿ续ȴЩ䣬·ĺ˪˲߽
첽Ⱥʱóһ·ҲвЦʺ򣺡ضʦ㣬ˡ
ȻŮȴʼ䣬һʢ˵ĸоɱžĴ֮һ飬ض
˿ʮվһ𣬼ŮӰﲻɵһߣڣҲûʲô˲ġ
ʱȻһֻԶһӷ˹߻Ųˡ
ǺӽüĿͬ͸һ˲׿ƣ˿ˣ˶׷Цкʦ֡
Ƿ·ɣҲϴЩϵӵʦ֣˿̼ʱ͸һ˿
ضʦã簡
·Ϲһ˿Цݡ
˿켫һȥضʱͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷ䲻ȣʦ֣Ҳͦ硣
֪ΪΣ˵ȴ˿վڸ˶еһĪ䣬Ȼһ̣Զһɺ͸˶˸
˶̲סǱȥֻһӻ˪Ҫ˸е䡣
߽ȴһϲ֣ͣ޳޳
Ȼȴδȥһֱۣ켫һȥ·ɺضԵһɲǣĿҲһ˲䶳סһ㡣
Ƿ·ɻضʼնδȥһۣһɺ䣬˶еһĪ
һǡ־Ϊߵˣһ֮ŮһĪˡ
˿˵ľףһ˪ͷֻǸеһ󲻺˽ĪҪ
켫оžŰʮһ㣬ÿŲΪһоžžУַ֡족ءˡ
Ϊ־мΪ־±Ϊ־
켫ĵӴ໹־·ȴǵ־Ϊߵʦ֡־־ĵһأ겻¶棬ƽҲ±ߵһ
켫ĺܶӣӽ켫쵽뿪ʵδһ־ʦʦķɣЩ˿ǰǰ켫ˡ
˿̣·ض޶ã˶еӿͷʱվڷ·ߵһӺȻǰǸ޳ô
һɲǣܵĿסˣ˶еһвˣ˿̶ʶȥ
Ҳͣ˽Ųͷ΢΢һƫ£


0155 
һ̣켫˪·Ҫ˲ͷסһɺΧ̫ˣ˶ȥ
ҲԭأڸܵĲһɺ⣬Ǵ˿޳Ǹһ˿һԷ·ɵļɵ
ǰסǸҲһ±סˣΪ˿з·ڳټôˣ޳ܻһ˿ɵȴû뵽Է˺䣬Ϣ
·ǰ֣ǰ浲ȥһЦû¡
ԻһЩҲ˿תͷٿκһˣֱ켫һȥˡ
·ĿעȥıӰ棬Цʧ𽥱Щ䣬һ˿ɼıɱ
켫ĵһǴʮֿ㣬ݵ켫еӣڶ㿪ʼĵط
ֻϴÿ±ԽԸʮ棬ҲΪʲôôŽ켫ԭ֮һ
һת۾͸һߣһС˵޳ȵ
üͷ΢壬Щɻɿ䣬ִ˸ƣСЩǡȵǡƲʵΪһǾͲܰǼȥˡ
켫Ĺǣ־Ķʮ߲㣬ڶܹɰεݼȵмʮ߲־ʱÿһֻһˣǱȥˣǾֻеٵȥˡ
ˣ켫ľһʮּң˽ĳͻҲÿÿϣЩܹĥµӵķʽǵ̬ʧصĵزҲһ㲻Ԥ
˽⵽֮ҲԣȥңЩϵȵ
ĵȻʮּң켫ĳڴǰһ͵ֱֹڴͻ
ʱȻϣһεϵ־۷壬ҲʮĲģǷ·ɣһ־֮Բս־һ֪ԼΪ켫Źء
һĵӣĻһﵽ־ߡ־۷㣬ô۷ȹһ꣬ټսһ㡣
ȴ⣬ֻҪʵ㹻һ·Լսֱӵǵ־Ŀǣ׺飬û˲š
˿̣·ɴӴ˳ŲԶ켫Լ֣һɱ˿ĳȣֻٵһ꣬ܵ־ˡ
Ǵ˵е־֪־۷壬֪ģǧû˭ȥĴڡ
ʦ֣ϲ
꣬ʦֶܵ־
·ɴӴ˶άأ·΢΢ͷԵλϹ˹֣㲻پ켫ȥˡ
վ۷ˣȻһۿ켫Ϊţûܰȥ
ڷ·ߺûãֳһˣ˺ϼȴ˪ΧϵӶ˿̵ˡ
˲Ǳˣڵضֻ֣ͣ켫ʮ档
ʮڵľ۷壬ͬʱҲֻǵ־ĳ˿Χ˺ָ֮еЩ죬֮ŮʵӦܵǵʮŶԣɸոΪսʧˣ
켫沢ѿضֵ˵ʮ߲㣬սʮ˲ʱʧˣΪ־սʧܾᵹһ㣬˻ʮ㡣
˿ضһϵĺǴ̵ķâκʱСĴ˶ᱻˣ˸ʱȥǧС㣬˱ȥáײ
ض˳켫ԼֿһۣϸǺˣһȥҲ࿴һۡ
ԭǰ켫ģǰǴƾԼʵõһö켫ƣ׼һ꣬켫ʱһˣֱӵˡ־
˭ϵȴսʮ˲ʱʧ󣬾˵ľ۷㣬ĽȴԶԶûﵽԼһ̸Ҫ׷Ϸ·ˡ
ĺɫʱʮҲսϣıӴ˳δܵϡ־ͣ˵ڶʮ߲㣬Ҳǡ־۷㡣
ߡ
켫ϵ֣ЦһȻңȴδ޳֣ʱŮ˹Ц紺磺ϲʦá
ףԴʵǿ޳𣿡
޳Ůܿ˿ҡͷһ綼û
ѽˣ
ƺһʲôˣҲܺŮֵı飬һǱȥȴ޳һ˫գԪȻѽڤ뾳
޳ôɵľͷƵаʱȥι޳˵ûУ
𽺰˰ҲûӦ˹ȥָһһüĵȥ
Ǵﾪˣһ۾ȥüͷһ壺ʲô
Ɀʲôаʱˣȥ˽Ҫˣ
ֻ˫Сȭͷһ˵һ߶ţǰӸҪżһ㡣

ɫ΢΢һ䣬˲չɲһȥˣ𽲻һ£ÿٶȡ
ǰҲϿˣֱһȥʣ°ʱʱҪﵽʮ㣬죬û˿԰ʱϵľ۷ȥ
ֻһӰƸո˭ȥˣûãֻԶ˾˳쿴
ֻ켫ϣ޳һ³˵ڶ㣬ǵ㣬Ĳ㣬㣬㡭

Ⱥһ¾ˣԭոһ³ǵӰֻٶȡδҲ̫ˡ
ھŲ㡭ھŲˣ
ʮ㣡
ʮһ㣡
ʮ㣡
Ⱥﾪϣһ˶켫񲻶´һۡ
̶һʱ䣬޳֣Ȼӵڶﵽ˵ڶʮ߲㣡ȵ·ɿһʱ
̫˼ˡ
˿ԱߵλҲеЩ£ѵĵеж
ǳԱߵһ̴㿴ȥֻʣһʱˣѵܴ漣
Զ˶켫ϵ仯Ҳ棬ֱţһ㰡ٿһ㰡ҪҲ㣬Ҫ˯ˣ
ڶʮ˲㣡ﵽ־ˣ
Ⱥַһֻ޳Ѿ˵־а
ʱһһȥ˶עĿš޳ֲڣԱһ㣬Ҫȼˣ֣ͣڵʮ㡣
˿̣켫ʮþ棬ֻϺ£üһƺէէ֣Ҳżֵ
ûĹת飬ôʱﵽʮ㣬һĹֱˡ
֪ٳŶãһҪڷɳ׵֮ǰһ֮ǰﵽʮ㣬µǰ


0156 ʮ
ʮ㣬ѾսɹˣҪȥʮսԥһ˲󷨳˽ȥ
ʮĻþֻ˯һͷޣһɽһɷҪɱͷޣսɹ
Ҳ׼ˣһ̧ʱѽӲӵķɽһǳ˯ŵնȥ
ǻûģҲ֮һ˲˽ʱ˫ۣ۾Ѫâһ죬㽫ѷɽˡ
𣡡
ŭȻһվһɷ·þ
Ԫһû뵽ͷǿԶһЩ޿¶ˣֻٴζòˡ

һԱ㣬ֻʣһǻ֮ˣ˶켫ϵ仯Ǽֱţ޳찡찡
ڣһϨˣһ˿ҽҲƮȥҲһɲǣ켫棬޳ִӵʮ˵ʮ㣬ԭλʮġض𡱣ʮ档

˶еЩ˼飬Ȼλȴ¶ʮָӵɫȴžȣҲɻ
ȵܹڰʱڴﵽʮ㣬ɻսʮôʮ㻹죬ʮ޲ôױɱǶþҲ޷÷˵ʲô
Ⱥ￪ʼСΪʱ޵ˣͣʮ㣬ʱ᲻ﵽ·ڵĵ־۷壿
֮ϣֻϣضӵľ۷強ȥǧСӣưոݣ
ﵽʮ߲ȥʮ߲ǡˣôضǲģʮ㣬Ȼض𼷵ʮȥֻһ㣬ȴȥԶʮվǵľ۷塣
˿Ⱥ֮ϣǷ·Ѿˣض˪ȥ޳ƴʱӡ
ãżǴ첽˳ϲûκλȴЩ֣ôôʱų
޳
Ц˹˿ǵһ䡰лȥ
վں棬¿ȥıӰЦԭҲ˵ллѽףԣոΪΡ

ҹ޹⣬һֱҹʱ֣һķϵѹȥ˿ȫ亹乡
һ̧ƣĽȥĺΪ
ȥ棬ֻĹ֮£¥Ļݲֿήˣü
մﵽʮ㣬Լµǰձض˻˿ЩήĻݣΪ켫ʱܹоѾˡ
˼ˣԥ˫һ̧˲֮ЩԭѾήĻݣȻٻָ
һĻȴǡɱԶһ˿ˡ
˭
һ˿ϢݡһһöѪ˲伤˹ȥǧһ֮ʣѪͣͣüǰһĵط
ˡ޳ҡ
𽱻ʱˣüͷһ壬˲ֽѪ˻ʲô
ңҡֻǵ㡭
ЩɫɷףӲݴ˳һȥԺЩ»ĻݲݣګګصЩݣѾήˣǸոգ޳㡭Ϊʲô
㶼ˡ
һɲǣֱʮֺˡ
𽲻˸Ȼһ죬ʩ˷ܻήĻݲݣʱǿµӣһϢ˵ʲôȴеʮֲʡ
޳ң㵽ôˣΪʲôЩݲݻ죬ϡ
һ˵ţһɱ䣺Ҫˡ

ҡҡͷҺ˲ܸͬоó޳ңǲʲôԲšңҿ԰㣬ҿƣҲУүүҲһܣһ֪үү˭ɣҿԸ㣬㲻ܸ߱ˣҲ߱ˡ
ˡ
ת¥ȥˣǰһһ죺޳ȵȣ
𽡣
Ȼתһԭأ⻹һνԼ֣ʵʲô£˵飬Ҳ߱ˡ
Զ㡣


0157 

һ´סˣ˺һŷӦҡֵûû£Ҳµģ㲻õġ
㲻׵ġ
ٴ˿̧ͷīҹգòŵ֮Զһǡ
Ϊʲô
𽲻ؿһʼʱֻΪǱ䣬ǧ֮⣬Լڿƺˡ
һʲôԵĿԣ˵޳Ұɣʲô£ǿѽܹ㡭
ȥɡ
ˣ¥ȥ
һ˴վͥԺ˸˸ոոоóӣ֮£һį
棬ĿԼ·һֻߵ˴ֻŴ壬ʦδ롭ݲݶӲˡ
·һ䣬ڣҲһȥˣ¸Ҳֻ

գȥǱ׼µˣʱȴƼԼͥԺ˲ˣʮ˶ڣһЩ켫ϵӡ
ˣ˶ÿȥ𽼱ææ޳
һ죬ֹס˵ȥͥԺǰֻĻݲݶն߰㣬ȫήˣǽҲۡ
ʣѾµ˭ˡ
ʱȻһŮ޳ڻô
˶˸ԶȥֻضһĿѳʵκ˴ˣᱻˡ
Щݲˣ
ת䲻ȵ
ضÿ£ͣʮʮˣڵã˸ȥܶԷǲΪʱ䵽ˣ֮ʲ

һ죬ֻضѾһѳָһսǲң
һΧ˶ˣڴСƢǿɲǲ֪丸𡱣·ҲȥŮˣ޳е鷳ˡ
ûֱͥԺȥԼǣضˣȵ㻰βش𣡡
һ¸ǽ˶һǰһιŮʲôף޳ҲûʱˣֲǹҪ㼷ȥģοս켫Ǹƾ£ƾʲô

һ죬ѻ꣬ضһնűߣʱҷɣǸʲôʲôʱֵѵСˣ
㣡
ϺϽͣҪ˵ʲôŮæǰ˻ȥһ߲ҡͷһȥϵ͡
תصҪãȥ𴦣ﲻĵط˵꣬תԺȥ
һ£˸ǺȻеһ󵨺û˸ô˵ضǡ
Ȼضһº䵽˼㣬Ҳһ˪һһȥ
ȥǴӱͻϮǵý˹ضɣһ޳ģ
ɱϮ˲תָһһǳסˣضôҲǰвð֡

Զ˸ǶȻһû뵽񣬵ƾָסضĽΪ˺εȾ硭
һֻ̣䣬ϲ㺮֣˲ض˪ֵĽ̲ȥˣ㽫һ̧һȥ
һ˲仯ȥָһֻһ죬ضǰѽ˲ϳء
飡
һ죬˻δ壬ضѱԶزнҲűߡ
ȻѽֻǵƽϰдʹõͨǸɽˣ˿ԶסˣȻŪضĽ
һ̣г˺⣬˶еһ󵨺ֻضͷͷɢסǴ˿̣һԽԽصĺȴ˶еϢһȥ
䵭һתͥԺȥҲһɲǣضȻ̧ͷֻ˲㺮˪Ѻһֲ
޳
ض£Ȼ˫ֽӡֻһѶһâɽһɽɢȥʱ˶еһ
ǡ𽽣
һֻضֳɽһȥһɲǣһâ˲佫ȫ֣·˽һһȥԶʮˣҲһ¸˳ȥ
޳ģ
һ£ǵŵûʧɫˣҲһ˲ܵΣգת˫һضһסˣȻһΣǽɿһƲɵ˱Ƶòȥһ·ĵҲˡ
Ȼ䣬һֻضüͻȻһɫӡҲȻһʮɳɫӰӡ
һϹϢѹʱ˶еһϣ˶˳ǲ𽽣飡ϹŲ𽽣飡
ֻ𽽣һ³˹һݣδü˹ֻ顱һ죬ѱǿ˳ȥ
޳
ɫɷףۼضһȥҲǣ˲ָӡһˮܵǰߣȻضһȥʱˮʱķѣû˿
һ˲һѳȻȴһ죬ǰѽʱնҷ˳ȥ
𽽣࣬һЩɽҲԵֵοһͨͨĽ

һ죬ļԪҲˣǽȻƲɵһ½ȫסǲ𽽣鷢һХһ´ӿиΧʱľҷɡ
飡
һ죬һɣԱͥԺȴڽն£ֱӻһ룬ҲѿʮɳѺۡ
Զ˶ŵסȥǴ˿ܹܵضǿµĺɱôһµŮˣֹǿֲ
䣡
ֲϼն̶Ƭ̣ǵסͥԺˣҲδӹһ٣֪ض˿Ѿŭʲô̶ȡ
ֻУɲʩչ˼£϶նĽȻض֮ϣ𽽣Ϲοʱضٳ˽н飬ǷͬСɣû֣â
ۼڲնüŮ˵Ľ̫ϹŽػȥС
˼Բ֮ʣȻ䣬ֻض𽫽ǰһͣǲ𽽣鷢һХһɲǸ˽ϣ˲仯һâնȥ
ˡ
Ҫʩչɲ㿪ǽֲ̫δѽȫסҲá
޳
Զ˶ŵûʧɫǧһ֮ʣȻһ٣ɲǼ䣬һۺϹɢ˳ȥ


0158 µ
һ˲䣬˶еһϢһ˵ϢУڲ𽽣ͻȻֵ٣
һ֮£𽽣һЩȻδҲԥָһһ´ˡҡ档
һɲǣһɰϹȥһֻٹâʢʮƲʱӿֹ·һ˲䣬صԪ˹ӳһ㡣

һɿңֻǵ˲仯һɫâն˳ȥһ·ĵƬƬƷƲ赲
¡
һ죬𽽣ײһ𣬶ʱ÷ԲʮһЩԼĵӶһ±˹
һ˲䣬𽽣һ浹˻ȥ𽽣ҲһХһ̻ص˽С

һ죬𽽣ضǰضȴشһ㣬ȥֱ˳üԶͣվȡ
䵭һֽջԶʱηѣոپʲôȻ˿µ
㡭
ضͷɢңϺ£񾹱ȸոոҪֲˣȻ䣬ֻһֽ̧𽽣ȻȴڴʱԶȻס֣
ֻԶһƮȻ⸽ڵӼˣ׷׹ʺ򣺡ľϡ
ߵضߣһۣض㲻úʲô
ҡ
ضָݺݵһۣŽһ˲仯һâԶȥˡ
üͷȥ޳糽ʱ켫˵꣬򸽽ĵӿ˿ˣ˴ûǵ£ȥɡ
ǣϡ
ڵӹ˹֣ŷ׷Զȥˡ
ߵߣԶضȥͥԺ˿֪ΪΣһ̾еЩܣ޳һ˹¹µססĵطҲǷŮ˻ˡ
̧ͷС޳ﲻסˣҪȻȥǱ߰ɡ
ˡ
˵꣬תԶһĹȥ
ڹ˼ɽһҹʱ켫Ǳ߹ȥ켫λڴ˵Ⱥ򣬼ˣһصȥˡ
ص֮Уλϴ켫ڣ˵µǰ档
νǻþһʵأҪô֮ȻγɣҪôΪ֮ԪӤͨɣ֣ģûֶΣǿģҲ޷ҵ
棬ʱܵһɴֻԶĴ̨ߣվһλɷǵİߣֶŴơ
޳Сˡ
ĽŲ߻תֻʣȻЩ켫ĳȫһʹһ߽ܸܵһɹȻ
ˣ켫Ĵ֮һĹµˡ
λϣ̫ˡľˡˣĴϣÿһλԼͨ죬µ˺ľһѪУԪӤһ
ǰǰ߹˹֣µǰ

µ΢΢ףǰܲһˣӸոʱѾܵˡ
ֻǴ˿̣ƺΪµǰǡµƳϡбȻ
켫ĵӣضƺϡǰ˳ƺΪǰ֮һȴɼδԼ켫ĵӡ
СңΪԪӤһ£
ǰȻˡ

µ΢΢ףƬ̣ʵԪӤ
ǰԪӤǰˣ˴켫Ϊ˼ǰһ棬ǰͨԪӤһǰԪӤǷ
ԭˡ
µ΢΢ף˵Ҳ̹ϣֱ˵켫ΪΪԼָԪӤ˵һһҶһƮ㡭Сҿⴰкβͬ
˹ȥȴ⾰󣬻䣬ҶҶɣһｻתһԳɵС硣
ȥӦȻȴҲ޷֮ǰӦɱط򣬹ãµ˲ʵСѣܹӦʲô
ۣҡҡͷԴԪӤȥѾ޷Ӧ֮ˡ

µ΢΢ͷһԵʯǰ£˵ڹһ
ֱµָϣʩչˡڹ֮νڹۣǵҼһͨǵиĪܰ쵽
ʱ󣬹µۣ˻ȥüʵǰɿһ
µָ΢΢һЦҡͷСѵԪӤδȥ


0159 ԪӤ
ҵԪӤδȥ
ŴԣеЩ棬ǰʲô޷ٸӦԼԪӤɲŮҲûа취Ϊιµǰȴ˵ԼԪӤδȥ
ģֻµ˵𽥱Щһɳȣͬ꣬ˡԪӤ硱İأڹϵһƬ﷢´½һ
켫Ĵϣÿһλ϶ԼеĶµ˺ľѪеģԪӤһ
Ϊ˷ΪƫִȻȴ켫ãҲԸֻ̣һԼ赱еķӶѡ
ԪӤһ֮ӹܹ⿪İأÿԪӤķҲֻȻ辶ͬ޷а
µ˺ľһѪгһסԪӤ硱ǳ˵ЦΪûܹﵽ־硣
Ժܶˣֹ켫ˣˣҲгһסԪӤ硱Ӹֹżﶫƴճһ˵ѡ
ֱµˣһѪԪӤһ棬ȴ޷õĿ϶Ҳʼ֤ʵҲԶԶλϵĺ档
ЩѲ˵ԪӤһЩǴ˿̣͸ĳȣȴ·ֻص˵꣬·ֻص˵ƫִԪӤһ޷԰εʱ
޳Сѡµ˺Ȼһ̧ͷüǰ뽲
µ˵֪ÿڶһС硯С硯ԪӤǡϸԪӤҲϸԪӤ
΢΢ͷϸԪӤƺǰʦ˵ֻʱԼΪܵͣʦδϸԼԪӤһ
µ˿Ǿͬⷽأÿ˶ⷽСΪǷԪӤҲ磿
ԪӤ硭
ЩƶǶµ΢΢ͷǰоһסԪӤ硯֮˵ǡ
˵˴һ˿įһįʲôʵȻأ
µҡҡͷϡ˴ȥСԸһ𣿡

ص˵ͷǰµ˺ܲһοǹԼԪӤһ£ԷҪ˵ʲô
µ۰룬ߵ̨ߣŴҶƮòŵϸԪӤһСأÿһأСһһϸԪӤԪӤ
ԪӤ
΢΢Щʦδ˵ʦȴδز֪

µ˵˵ͷԪӤԪӤÿÿԪӤ֮ˣȻԪӤֻպԪӤΣΪŲ㣬Ų۷磬ڶǡǬӤ
ǬӤ
Ŀ΢΢һԽǾԪӤһʮˣȻô಻ͬ硣

µף˵˶ԪӤܹ޳ǬӤģۣһ޳ǬӤô˱ͬһķͨ죬
ǡǬӤ֮أ
ЩƶǶǳԵʵ
ǬӤ֮󡭡
һּ̣µóòŵǬӤ֮󣬱ǳʥġ̫Ӥ˾ԪӤͬСɣܹһ򣬼ϵˣҲɹΨӵԼһ

Щ΢΢𺳣˵̫ӤܹһδЩֲˣֲùµǰľѪгĶȴ˳ϣҪȥϣûܹﵽִ˵һľ硣
СǲΪ̫Ӥͽˣµ˼΢΢ӣȻʵ
ѵϻУ
̧ͷһ̣Щزסеˡ

µ΢΢ףһΣȴδֱ˵һԪӤǻתȥŴһ磬˵ƣģСΪδڣ
δڡЩƶǶδڣ
һµ˲תһԪӤ磬ǡ̫Ӥɴһ磬£ǳڴԪӤС

һ£ǸеЩ˼ˣǳ׵ˣΪ˰ǰµ˵һӣֱ޷룬һ磿ǳ¾У˴УȻΪٸߣȻǾ۷֮ҲһӰˡ
µ˼˿𾪵ӣɬһЦǲСҲã˵һУܻƣ
⡭
ǰλߣҡҡͷǰԡ
֪ΪΣ֪Щ̫ĵ޻ԸȥţܸоЩʵһңԶĹȥĳֹǿߡ
µתȥֶصԪӤһԪӤԳһһδ޳ԪӤ֮ˣ֮ⷽУµҲѡ
µ˻˵ţ˵ͷϴڶǣǵǸʹʱԪӤֶνסʱڶԷԪӤУ粽Уֻǲ֪ΪΣȴͻȻѿˡ
µ˼˵޳ԪӤ֮ˣһǬӤķͬѲ֮ͬ£ǬӤ޷̫Ӥķ̫Ӥ޷̫ӤԵķ򡣡
Է򡭡
˵֮΢΢ͷˣԪӤ磬һ㷨֮ϣһߵķ򣬲ơ
û
µתСѾԪӤˣʵÿˣܹͨϵԪӤͻԼԪӤ磬ԪӤǬӤٵ̫Ӥ̫Ӥ
ЩǰЩгĽ

µҡҡͷҴһЩƵĹż濴ģȻһһټоóĽۡ
ż
Ŀ΢΢һ˵ںܾǰѾоԪӤˣԪӤȴʼղоǰӣĪǡ
Ȼ뵽ϴɳĮϹżĪЩԪӤоĹżǴǰǸʱ
µ˼˼ȥţƬ̲ʵСѿ뵽ʲô
ҡҡͷֻպȻãǰʶ̫Сˡ
µ΢΢һЦ˵Сֿ֪ϻһԪӤԻԪӤ
ԪӤ
һ뵽ϴڷ¥ɲŮ˵ԼԪӤܱܿԪӤԪӤˣǼǸոչµǰ˵ԼԪӤûлȥ⾿ô£
ԼԪӤûлȥΪȴһҲܲˣԼԪӤʲô


0160 Ӥ
µԪӤͬԪӤܹԪӤ磬һŴ½ϳֹԪӤǿߣᳬʮ
˵ţϴɲŮҲô˵ԪŵأֹԪӤǿ߲ᳬʮôδֵأδ˷ֻ֣ûмصأ
һּʵǰ˵ԪӤ磬ԪӤпһʼԪӤҲһʼǬӤ̫Ӥ̫Ӥ
µ΢΢ףС˵ûһԪӤпָܳ߾ԪӤּ΢΢ǬӤļʣǰһ̸̫Ӥһ̫Ӥ̫Ӥĸʣ޽ӽ㡭
޽ӽ㡭
ƺˣϽԪӤ棬ȷʵпֱӳ̫Ӥģʵϣȴǲܡ
СѵԪӤҹ۲ûôԪӤˡµ˿Ȼ˵
ԪӤ
ɫȻԪӤôһЩ죬ԼôˣȻǧѵһԪӤôʵǰ֮ǰ˵ҵԪӤδȥȴָӦô£

µ΢΢˵ͷ˵СѵԪӤȷʵѰʮֲͬҪȷһ£򲻺ԡ
ô
üĽܸо鲻ô򵥣΢΢ֵˣЩǰˡ

ʱȥ죬һֱڹµ˵Ҳûȥչµڹۣò۾ȲʵǰΣ
һ̣µҲ˫üòŵСѿɻǵãǰ˵ԪӤ
ԪӤǬӤ̫Ӥ̫ӤһԪӤ˳
û
µ΢΢ףֵǣԪӤʵһΪԪӤҶǰһƵĹż
ΪԪӤ
üͷøˣ֪˿̶Է˼ʲô
µ˵ԪӤĳֻ֣пԪӤΪ޷ɵģΪ͡ڡҲûκη򡣡
Ͳڣûκη򡭡
Щ׹ˣµûԪӤԻӤֵļʣ̫Ӥһ
ּʺߵ̫Ӥһ
һ̣ɫʮˣǰ˼ǡ
ûµ΢΢ͷСѵԪӤӦ⡮Ӥˡ
µ׼˿׿ڽӤ˵ԾԲסһ˿ȡ
ԭΪӤ̫ӤһֻǴϹŴ˵ļ֮Уû뵽ȻļһӵаӤˣһŰӤ޵ڶš
Ӥ
ګګ˼һʱ֮䣬ЩԽܣӤԼԪӤԪӤЩŵʵǰȷ
µ̾һۺ룬ӦǴˣӤûз飬ʵʵûС١˵СܹӦȴ޷ӦΪӤ⣬СΪԪӤˣܹӦСΪԪӤˣ޷ٸӦȫȡС
ô
һʱ䣬ЩţãƽһЩżʵǰ֪Ӥʲô
һʣµҲüòŵڰӤļأֻƪƵĹżȼʣʵоһ㣬Ӧûġ
һ㣿Ȳʵ
µ˵ǰӤ޷޷ԪӤҲ޷ǬӤ޷̫Ӥ̫Ӥ
޷
ɫһ±Щ԰ˣ޷ԪӤ񲻱ǷԪӤˣԪӤ٣߸ûԪӤк
µ˼ΪСѵԪӤ⣬СҲ޷һ㣬һԪӤˣϸһСأⷽСؿԽսȥһϸԪӤУͬܵ˶Էķ۵жҲѳ
һ˵ϸЩȻʧɫǰ˼ǣҵԪӤ
µ̾˵ͷ޷޷˽УͬûԪӤͬδԪӤˡ
һ£ȻеЩתôˣԼôһ޷ҲûԼһķԪӤ
һϣǧһԪӤԪӤֵļʺ̫ӤһȻȴ̫Ӥ·̫Ӥʧ֮һûõİӤ
һʱȥܣ


0161 
ãǽʵ޷ԪӤͬԪӤԭ̫Ӥһļʣϲȴ·һЦ
Щʱաлǰˡ
µ΢΢˹֣޷ԪӤǾ޷ǣʹ˳ȥȻ飬£ҪȥʹԪӤ֮ͬУмһâ
µ˵СѲ٣֮£һñһʧһʧһãԪӤ޷޷Գһء򡭡ǣﲢ棬Ȼڣ
ǰ˼ǡ
һ̣ĿֱǰλǰһԪӤļ⣬Ȼ֮
µ۰룬صβ룬Ӥֵļʺ̫ӤһȻ̫ӤΪλҪаӤˣӤȻڵĵ
ŴԣҲһ˳˼ãµ˲ŵЩʱգ޳Сʱ
⡭
һ̧ͷȻЩⲻȥµҡҡͷתŴҶƮ㣬һԪӤСȴһԪӤҲɡ
ˡлǰˡ
ٴι˹֣£ÿ춼µʱü춼һֱδгȥÿÿ֮ʱ뿪£µ˲δ֡
һգһѹµһֱԱߣʵΣ

΢΢ͷֵЩʱգлǰˡ
Ȼڹµ˰£ѾٴθӦԼԪӤˣ֮ǰҪ࣬͹µ˶޷͸ӤİǰѾࡣ
µ΢΢һЦٴθӦԪӤ˱á˴ͣһż㡭Ҫˣ
û˵ʵʱ͹µ˵ĹϵѾ׽ˣ켫ĵӺͳ֮䣬µ׽ҲܹóµΪͽ
ܹΪ켫ĴϵͽܣǶĽҲĽģȴܡ
ɱžʦʹǰŰһʦ켫Ȼٰһʦ
ǣɱžˣֻһʦҲãҲãһһֻһʦ
һӵվٴµ˹˹֣˴켫ֻΪǰһ棬£ǰϧķѹٴθӦԪӤ꣬ġ
µһЦҲҲãԸػ켫ȻңסӤһ£Ī֪ˡ
лǰѣ֪
΢һ֣תȥˣµ˿ȥӰһϾЩȻʧţ֪˭ͽ

ѾˣһڿУ켫嶼ӳóξڿһ˵ɽ·ϣԪӤһˣȷʵӦ뿪ˣδ뻹֪ںδ
ɱžûҵδ룬ͻԪȥȥȥ֮߱ĺǣҲһҪҵ
Ȼ䣬ϴڿɳ˵ǸɽׯɽׯׯǰɳĮһ˻ԵĹ
켫꣬ĵҲ쵽ˣ¸£ʱҪ취õһȻȥҪȥȷһ£ȵǸﲢδ룬ܰ
֮ʱһ𵴺Ȼɽ´һ켫嶼ҡ
ô£
һ䱸ͻȻһףһֻ̣һɽ壬ǲϲ켫Ҳҡԭҹһ±ú֣£·ʲôԶŴħҪһ㣬ֲ
һ̣ԭ˯еĵӣһȫ˹½ܵ˿̺ѹľʱڵӶŵɫҰףôˣ
Ҳٳά˳˴Լʱ䣬𵴲ȥĺҲɢ¶ϵԲ¡
ô£ոǹʲô
˿̲µһͷԵӣʮõϵҲ֪ʲô£켫ôãδȹ¡
켫Ҳع񣬸ոǹͻô£ƺǴɽ´ģ֡
գټеӣˣΪ켫󷨱任λԵʣΪȻʧزŵ𵴣Ѿˡ
һ˵󣬵ǲڰΪʲôǿء
ʱվȺܼλ˵÷ƵȴʼոоЩѰʶǾʲôΪʧصµ𵴣ȻǣǴ˿Ϊζʲô
תһ룬Ѿ뿪ˣЩֹʲôأ켫ʲô£ﻹĴϣô־ĵӣҪģ
һȺﰲһ³ϲֿڵȻһҪ棬ʮ壬ǲԵӣϣʱܹӻԾ롣
һԡ֣Ⱥһ¾ͷεµӣϵӣһ̶಻סϼ֮飬Ѱȥˡ
Ⱥ۲ϣνԣɱž޾ĹɽֱǶĲɽİ׻ɽϾȸɽɽ
ɱžŴԵʣÿһλǿγɡ֮׻֮ȸ֮֮
һ֣ɱžţżǿںǰΪ޲ɱذֱŴЭ飬Ϊ˱ɱžٴѪɺӣÿһεȥᡣ
ȻΪ˱˪켫ɽɱ˹أԵҲЭ飬ÿֻɵǽ಻ٶ༸ϴ졣
Ĵи֮ˣǾɽģˣ񻹵ˣʱɱžɵʧ޷
˿̣Ⱥ֮ʢÿʮλһΣǶߣγɲ֮
ǰЩεȸ֮֮׻֮˪ȥˣβ֮ڶνˮ¥̨ȵ£켫δɾ޹ˡ
ãǲŽһ̸ʮΪߵΪ͵ģǶҪȥɽԼһ²֮ʱչ֣֮ǰҲҪõ㹻ͨ·ɵõ֮
ڰǰЩ־ĵӣǴӰǰʼͲˣһУĵӶ֪ȥ·ڰǰĳһҹͻȻʧһӴҲûгֹЩ켫˪


0162 һŵ
Ŵ˿ڵӼᶨ񣬼λص˵ͷ˵Ƕú׼һ¡
˿Ⱥ·ɺض˶ȴǱ˸֪࣬Ƕʲô
Χĵۣ˿̻Ҳ˽νĲԡ
Զı˹Ц޳¸ȥɽʱҾ͸
Ҳȥ
ƽƽ˵תӴȥˣں棬Դôоӹµ󣬱øӹֵֹˣȻ켫ǿҪǲμӲԣҲ켫˰

Ϊ֮ǰͥԺضˣľϸ°һͥԺصϥ£ӦԼԪӤ
ֱҹĻᴹʱһϢһĽŲʶ񣬲۱֪˭ˣȥŴ򿪣ֻԺվһ£뷢׵ߣľϡ
ľͥԺ仨׷ɣĿתȥ΢΢һЦ޳Сɻסϰߣ
Ϸˡ
һ˵ţһԷãǰָżµˣ˿ҪˣҲͬʧ
¥ľǰ΢΢˹֣֪ϣҹǰк£
˿һֵ¹ˮľߵİ׷һżЦСЩڹµն񣿡
µǰϤָǳ
˱á
ľ΢΢һЦ۰룬л˵ȴƺЩΪѣʵϿʲô飿
⡭
ľЩΪѣЦЦ˵С±Ҫˣ
ЩҪȥ
⡭
ľϸΪˣãڿڣʵҽҹǰСѣܹ켫ûء֮
˿˵СѰæûز֮ǲ˵μӲԡ京Բ˵Ҳ֪ǰʼֻһͣûнԼ켫ĵӣȥҪԷʲô
Ĭһſڵ켫Ի־ĵΪܸߣΪβǰȥɽ

ľ̾˵ܹȥֺβȥε̾
Էʱ飬˼ϸ켫꣬ʼδ־ЩӣƺҲ˵ӰǰʼЩӾʧһҲûгֹǶȥˣ
ļ̌ͷ˵֪·ǣ޷ûز֮ΨСѲ£켫ȥ˪ʲôһΣ֮켫ʮҪ¹켫֪Сѿɷ񡭡
ãһûز֮
ľѺĻ˵꣬Ӧˡ
Сѡ
ľȴǸеһԭΪ޳ܾҲֻ˵ᾡΪȴû뵽ԷȻֱ˵ûز֮
ǰˣ˺ܲһĮ棬ȴһżᶨģһŵݡ
ϵͷһ֮ɫȴδЩʧ䣬ˣһֱ켫ǸǶã
ҹɫľϣص˸ԽĮ飬УȴʼǶԹ
£µ˲ϧķԪ֮¸ӦԪӤ鼫أʵڼǰоµл˵ȴ˵ڣԭ֮һ¡
ܹµҲδڣȻ֪ˣǱҲҪ֮ûҲǱ˹µ˵Ķ飬ϲǷ˶顣
ֻ¸Ҫȥ˶ĵɽׯȥȷǰɳĮȵǸﲢδ룬ֻܰϣʱܹʱ

֪ʱȥ˰£³
һľȼλص飬󣬼λϲò֣أ飬ȻǶʮΡ
һΣλ׼ǰõǽɽһж뾲ĵĽУɽڶ켫Ҳʮ
һľϴȡһֻǱ⣬Ƿɲ֮ġ
޳Сѣ㽫պãԺ㣬ʱƾ֮룬֮þ뿪Էᡣ
ľɫأһ˵ţһ߽֣صؽ
߲ʱҲԣ֮С
ʱڲɽضһ֮˪󣬿λбҪ֮¹˭֣˵


0163 ɽׯ
ҹɫޱߣڻͥԺ·ϣܼһˣΨ£Ϳĺ⣬Լżݴﴫļ
ҹ뼸λ֪֮ľϳ˸һŽƷ׭ŷ׭ΪѪĴ澫ͨ׭һĿľƣͬСɡ
ǸżĽƷ׭֮ڶò֮֮˭׷ɱ˭һɱ켫е
Ȼһ²һ£ľϣԶõѪ

λϱŰУȻǰУǱ㲻ܳʯҡУҲһߣ̫ע⡣
ȫװ߲ͬĵÿһһϴ졣
֮ڵһһϣľһջŸס£켫ӣһγһж͵¡
ҹʱԼķ䣬ԶȹˣһߣһС˵ʲôֻߵĵٹ죬ǵׯĵˣвŵ˶յ˰ɣ
ұ룬ɻص˵һΣ㷢᲻ǱĿġ
ꡭ˵ǰˡ
˴˸ƣ̲˵ˣҲµؽݣǶ߹֮󣬲Žʶ̽ȥ
˵ôҲ֪˵ǰɳĮǱ߾Ȼһ˵ĹһֱڵȴӲƺǹˣ±صúջǽׯĵ©˷˵ǹòɣ֪ô˵ôأȻʲôǵˣԼʲôҲǵˡ
棬ϸϸɫҲɽׯѵ
Ȼ䣬һ¶Ŷȥҵľϣľϼҹʶ˿棬ȷ˺󣬲һ䣬һ磬ʵСѿʲô£
һʱ֮䲻֪οڣԭΪܽʱڱȥһ˵ɽׯˣ˵ȶȥһط
ȥһط
ľɫһ±ǹؼʱ̣ܷõ֮ȫһˣʱô뿪һҪʲô⣬ǿô죿
ü˵ϷģҲᵢ̫ãȥɽʱһǻϡ
⡭
ľ˳˼¹شǿǾƳʲôⰡһ
ãּѾ̧ͷã޳Сѣǡ˴ִȡһöݸöպã˲ɽԴϵ

˵ͷҪȥľֽסˣ޳С˵˵ҪȥʲôҪ֮µĻҿ˰а㡭
ͣ˽ŲҡҡͷϲصģһӦ˵գٲһΣʧ˴ãҹɫ¡
ľʧӰ˫üøˡ
һΪ򡱵Ĺ򣬴˴뵤ɽׯڵĵѲִ֮ֻǵɽׯ䱸ɭϣƣûȥ
ٹգǱĵ֮ǰ취õһ
ڶʱ˵ȸСڡˣ֪ʲôɣȴеɽׯ
˴ΣַסʶһɽȻȡͺ񣬻˵·ǰɽׯȥˡ
˵ɽׯ棬ĺɫĿȥֻһƬƬֺϼƬƬϼӳ֮£ּһ۴αȣԶǵ֣ɻֺ룬ɼ˼ˣȻҲһ֮ˡ
ׯǰֻŲ˽ȥŮǰߣﶼź
ղǱĵհʱѾ˲ٱͣݽ˺Ҳ󷽷ׯȥˡ
ɽׯ棬ֻ컨һϲׯųҲֻͦһŵˡ
Щŵˣ㲻ˣҲֻװģЩ˴к˳㿴ܷЩ˿̽λ˹顣
ȻЩҲֻ֪ǰϱɳĮǱ߾Ȼһ˵Ůӣֻ˵ŮòɣȴδˣҲ֪ϣ֪罫ŮӰʲôطˡ
ҹһȣȥξ覡
ׯڿĶ࣬ׯڵӰŵһ䵥ͥԺҹɫܣȴһ㣬һƣŵĶδ롣
òߵҹʱ֣˶ԼķЪϢһжʱͥԺȥܷҵλ˵Ůӡ
һ·ܿׯѲߵӣСʱһ֣һ¥ǰֻ¥δ𣬺ֽӳӰױ
ҹˣʲôױ
Щɻ߽һЩȴʱһЦҹСδȥЪϢ


0164 
ͻȻ΢΢һߵԼԼȻҲδ
תȥȴһ۵ӣӽüĿЦݣȴѺһ㣬ֻһ۱еһɲ
ܹϢص֮ģ˵ׯ磬˼Ҳ޵ڶˡ
Ӧ˹Цׯҹߣȴ·ҹ߶ŵׯ¡
ЦЦ޷ˣСѻȥɡ
ˣ˿ȴ룬ׯѲߵ࣬Ϣģϲ֮գҹգǽ֦
ȻҲܹµ˿뷨ЦЦˣ鷳ׯˡ
һ·ϣ̸ɱž̫ϤüЩ¶
ȻȥʵҿСϢ֪Сѣʦкţ
˵ǣЦڵĵӣչס
ԭǹ˰Сѡ
΢΢ͷֵǰЩ˻û뵽Ŷ̶̼꣬¾ֳ˹СȽܳӡ
Цʦ겻ͽʦ糤ϡ
ԶԶԡʱţЦԣҶˣѾͽˡ
ЦǰʦֵĵԶ֮ϣȴûǸֳΪʦĹŵӡ
˵ʱﰵһ亹ýס֮ǰһ·ڵһЩŪˣȻĻ´ʱѾ¶
صӴóȻȥߣһֻܵϯˡ
һҹ˯ߣȵʱȻׯϴһı絹Ҳ֣һѣҪô¡أʲôʱͿʼˡ
ҲӣׯǱȥʱֻׯĴŵƽʣ컨Ҳ˻꣬ʱҪϲࡣ
Щ֣ҵһ͵ӣСʵλ̨⡭ׯÿ굮ô¡𣿡
Цϸӿûôϲ죬ׯҲǱĲðɡ
ϸӡ
磬˶ˣȥȴֲϣһԽԽˣķңһȥԱȴʱȻϴҶҵ˾ȻҲڡ
Ҷҵô
ϽͷƫһԣϴҶʮ켫ƣ»û֪꣬ҶжڵҲ˼֣װôˣԷ뷢Ҳס
һֱ罫ʱżϲۣش˳ϱһ»ȻȴסˣƱľҲδ쵽
ǵҪϲׯˣ
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ԭˡϲׯϲϲ
˶λվ׷׶̨ϵıҾֵأǹ˴˿̻ϲصֻһįӰϡ
ֻ̨ϣ˴һϲ۵ı磬һһϼµŮӣֻŮͷźͷģԱߵѾСš
ô¡
ԭأղǱĵΪλ֮գǸŮӡ˭δ롭
ʶ̽ȥȻʶһ̽ȥʱ㱻һ裬ţǱغĿ⡣
⡭
粻֪˼꣬ԶԼ֮ϣԼʶˣǸŮӡͣδ޼ѵܡ
һֱֱȺСŸ侲Ŀתע̨ϡ
ֻǰһЦĳδǰ֪λ֣֡
̨һЦڣׯλ˭
ׯ˵˵λ˭ѽ̨ʱв˸ŸЦ
ЦЦŮӿȥһࣺȻ
Ȼ
һ£ʲôȻ֮ǰ洫ʲôǵˣֶǵãʲôȻȻ
ֻŮѾ߲£жЦȻǰʶʱĳɳĮȴȻ赹ɳĮȻһģԭΪĳº翣ϲżˣȻԡ
û˵ʲôˣ˿Ժﷴֵģǡδ롱֣ʲôȻ
ãżŮӣصȻ㡭ԸΪҵ𣿡
̨һ°˶ע̨ϲŮӴ˿źͷȴ·ԾڲزסϵһĨߣƬ̣ż˵ͷ
ãã
̨ʱׯȻν֮ϣãã
һ£
ȻʱȴһΧֻһվһ˶ȥδ̫ˣһҲ
ȥǴ΢Ц֪СѣкλҪ˵
ׯ˵λȻǰʶׯ֪λȻסηиĸл
⡭
һԣΧ˶ЩǱϲ֮գ˵ȻδҲ̫ɷ羰ˣϸƺ仰ʵҲû
΢Ц̨˿ȥЦʱȻشʲôҲǵãĳŵʲôȻָ䣬ʱؼĸ
ŴԣΧ˱㼴Ȼ⵹ҲûֻŮӿȥصȻԸ޸𣿡
һΣŮǺߵͷҪ֮ʣȴֽһ죺ȵȣ
Сôˣ
һΣϵЦʧˣüëҲƺЩͷΧҲ
Ϊ˻ʹ˿գֻЦЦ˵ԹȢ֮£Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣׯȻǼżɣ绨죬˲أ
ôһ˵ƺСӣôȥ춼ǴҪȥأ
ȻֻȻãҼ˵ˣպȻָԻؼĸȻԸΪĳӣǱĳǿȣ֪СΪҪʣ
λСѣ㻹ĪҪٺˣׯϲ֮գ°գĪҪ˵ˡ
ΧҲʼȰˡ
粻ȥ˾ǵ˵ɫ˾Цʱ
ƻƷǻҲϧӽ׹˼ȴǣ˼֪ɻǵã
˾ǰѻ꣬Ȼֵһһ£ΧһĳţҲǽһ㺮˪˾Ǹԭء
˫ü壬ǰȥһߣһ߻صľ֮ѩѩһ֣δ뻨
һΣֻ̨Ůһ£ȻȥźͷǴ˿̣Ѿ϶ˣδ룬Ȼ仰κηӦ
Сѣʲô˼
ʮֺˣӹȥ˵գׯܲܳˡ
һΧʱһƬȻ˪˵ʲô
˵Ȼ
˵գҲôˣһչɲݷֱ̨ȥŮͷϵĺͷһ̫̫ͻȻ˶ûܿ壬Ҳ˷Ӧ
δ
Ȼһ롱ֻδ˱ԭأҲ˵һ仰


0165 
ֻǰŮüĿ续ȷʵ覣ȴǻδ룬һ£Ҳԭأǰİӣ⣬һȥ
ģ˿ׯڵգȴ纮˪һ䣬ټɽׯһ˵˶λϡˣδҲ̫̫̫ˣ
Ҳһ·Ӧ˹Ϊʲôδ룿δ롭ˡ
ֻһһƣصСѣʲô
ҡһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣæǸׯҿϴˣǸʵǱǸһ˵һ˼֮ơ
ĳԱ֮ȴεңĪ㵱Ϊ
ֻԽԽˣزסһ˿µɱ⣬ʱ̨ºȻһȣ޳Ȼ㣡
ˡ
һ£ԨҶҵϳˣǲˡ
һϣͳÿ£Ҿ˵ڵĵӻûӣˣѴ˸£
䣬ʱӰ׼˫һţ˲̨·ȥҪֳҶǺߺȻһƷʱƵҷɡ
ۼͣһƻ顱һǺһײΧ˲ȥ룬˿ƽƽ棬
˫Ŀ΢ȻҲûƳΪԭ֮ߣܹҶҳһƽɫĸŵĵӣüʵҶϣ˭
Ҷҳһסһ߼һѾׯסˣĪӵպץ
֪ߣס˵ĺûᣬһȴ˻켫ѽסˡ
Ҳٶԣһ£ʱγһɫȥΧҲеһϡ
һȴǲӲˣֻչɲһ˲ٶȻ쵽˼ޣΧ˸һ˷ǵҲѸ͡
һ̣Ǵʲôʶ֪˭һ䡰ׯ´ˡܵ˷׷׼ɽնȥ
һ£ֻɽҫ۶ĿãˣȻһ鼱֮£ֻö顱Ĺ˫һɹ֮ٿһ½ɽȫɨҶһ㣬һָ˻ȥ
⣡
˸ǶһʲôɵĹ
˫Ŀһһ±Ƴ˴˹һŵĹҲȥˡ
ô졭
һ¸ܵ˱ǲĿ⣬ɽׯ浽󷨽ƣҲ֪ܲܶ˲Ǭ룬Ҳֻƴһˡ
ʩչ˲Ǭ֮ʣȻɽׯ̫أûӳԶһȣ°գ
䣬ֱֻһ̧ʱɳһ֮֮һɿµԪӤ֮һɲǱ˷Բʮ
ǡ
һ˲䣬˶޷ˣǱĳַ֮£Ҳ޷ٶһ˲ľԪӤ˺εȵز
ֻǵɫԪӤ֮һֳǼ֮ҲٿȻһȥŴȴһ
⡭
һۼǳԼ˿ԪӤ֮УǴ粽Уһ˲䣬˹һ±Ǳ˽ȥ
ߣ
һߣָһǳֿСһ·ɻ
״ҶǳҲ˿˵СӱˣЩģûСߡ
ׯָֽƽһ̣˶Աļɵֶһ֣ոСӹôҲ˹죬ǻ֪ĹȻǱһ¾͸޴ӡ
̨˿˿΢΢ֵ֮£λĪҪ֡
޹޹֣˲֪ׯ£ϸܵࡣ̨ʱ˸͡
תȻȥʱȻЩɫɷףȻǱոһĻˣһЦ˵Ȼڣ£κҲ˺㣬

Ȼһ˻ȥǣ֣һЦ̨˵Щ죬λĪҪ⣬Ⱦơ˵գԱǲ֪˾ǵ˵ɫ
˾ʱŷӦЦׯȻա
΢Цȴ˼ոСӵĹˣѰҲգһʱͬԪӤһ죬ȽСӽգȹ˽죬ϸʳǹ

˿̣֪ںδֻȫһܣ֪Լǳ棬ǵߵ㴰ʱȴ죬ҽǿ¡


0166 Ӥ
⡭
Ȼʱ𿾣ȴһ׹޵׺Ԩɫһ²Ұ׵˼¡
ǱϸԪӤСأԳһ򣬹µǰ˵ԪӤһһ㣬ԼҲӲȥˡ
ֻҽ¶ԽԽߣⲽô죿ôӳⷽԪӤСأµǰʱô˵ţԪӤӲǬӤǬӤӲ̫Ӥ̫ӤӲ̫Ӥ
ԼȴǰӤӤô죿ӤԪӤӲ
ȵȣܡ
侲ϸ˼Ŭȥ֮ǰµ˵ÿһ仰Ӥô򵥣ϼȻѾ̫ӤΪҪаӤĴڣˣʲô˼
Ӥ
Ӥ
ۣ˫ָӡٴȥӦԼԪӤʱҲһһȥȥһһҹֻ൱ȥһʱ䡣
֪罫ԪӤʲôһɲܹоõѾز鹦
ʱ䣬֪ȥãҲҲ죬棬ʵҲֻǹȥһʱѡ
δв͸Ӥأ˼Ҳ⣬ڱǰӤڵĵ־ʲôȻԪӤС̫ӤֵļһΪʲôΪʲôԼ̫Ӥͬļ֮£ƫƫԼȴûõİӤΪʲô
ģÿʼЩ٣ҲԽԽ죬ʱз·һҪꡣ
ʦ
΢΢һʦΪʲôÿԼѵʱ򣬷·ʦһ
£š
·һ㣬Ǵδ롰ǻһ
һ̣ȥȥʦԺĻ
סתϢ̫ӤȻǿ󣬹Ȼ۷壬ǣǿԪӤȴҲ޷ˡ
̫ӤҲ޷
һɲǣԺǺȻһ̫Ӥ޷ˣӤһʼ޷֮䣬ѵһϵҲû
δڣתϢ
ʢ˥˥ʢ򣬿תѭ
һ˲䣬ڸʲôһӤûз򣬼ȻûзΪֻڷ
һô˿ԼûڱԪӤ򣬶Ϊ˶Էķ֮£ԼԼ˴˴񵱳ԼΪԪӤѻһ
뵽˴ٲԥϥƽ˹Ȼֻ˿˿ʱ͸УھȥڶԷ֮£ôỹ˹
Ǵ˿ɵġⲢǱһĹ
ԭˣԭˡ
һ̣дˣΪԪӤǾԵģԪӤǬӤǬӤ̫Ӥ̫Ӥ̫Ӥ
ǣӤȴûзûзκԪӤ
κԪӤҲ޷Ӥ̫Ӥڣ
ǰӤİأ
ԭ
ƽԪӤȻ޷޷Գһط޷ԪӤסǣԪӤȴκԪӤҲ˵ûκܹԪӤס
뽫ĳԪӤ֮ڣȴϵáĳԪӤ
һЦһãһУ˶Ե÷Ƶݲȡ
뿪ԪӤҪñԽųȥֻ˫һתˡ顱һɲǣСضʱӿޱƿһо˹ⲻǱĹ
棬תҲ޷Ѹٵ壬Ǵ˿ڵƬأǱϸԪӤҪġˮֱӴˮ򵥡

˿棬ɽׯ̨ϱȻأȻ˾Ǹպһ䣬ɫȴһ±ʮֲ԰ף϶ʱһ亹һȴҲݲȥˡ
ͻıʣǵ˾ǵסˣ̨λɻ󣬸ոջúõģôˣ
Ϊǰһ֣˾Щ̻̲ڼһĻЩ޴ˣȻҲ֪ʲô£ǰὫס硭
ϱȴȻһ½˳ȥһĻǽׯѾߺ͵ˣֻɫɷףţһ̾վҲվȣҡҡλβȥ
磬ôˣ
Ȼɫ󾪣æǰס˫۲Ѫ˿Ҳһסˣ磬㡭
߿
һ½ƿ̨µıͶ֪˺£˿̶ҡͷʾ⾲䡣
޳㣬ҳ
ǺȻһ˫Բһֻһƽƽ̨¡

س˿̻˷Ƶӣ˽һ۱磬˿̾ǺȻһţɫɷ
һĻׯѾߵӶˣǴδׯʱй˿µģ
Сӣ㡭
˫ԲָϲҲ벻˷ǵԪӤƣܹϸĹСô˹죡
´ˣ
һ£ׯڵŷӦɽնɱȥ
ֻһƬɫĻȻȴǰӴ࣬һһֳ顱һ죬ǶʮֽӾ˳ȥ
粻ȻһСĹ󣬵о࣬κʱձ߹˵ոռʱ˳һûȫߣһѰˣͻȻʧѪܻ֧ŵסԴ˿̣ʱ޷ù
λѣĳסˣ
缲ʱҲ˲ô࣬Сʲô칦ʧĹû
ҶǺߵȷӦǰֱ֮Ӳƴһ¼һӲӵķХȥ
ǷƼᣬһ죬һɽǷȥһֱ˶һˡ
˶һۣȻһ빥ȥׯʱҲֻи˵ķɽҴܣȻʼɲʩչ˼£Щȴһ˿½Ҳš

ҶǺ߼Ҫߣһ£߰˸ҶҵӵʱȥȻƾЩϺзܵס
飡
һƻƶϣ̤߰ͷһչɲׯȥĿϾ֮ʣֻӰﳾȥֻңңһƮһڡ
ãӰҲʧããƼʡ
һ̣ׯǸеЩľ޳ʲôǵԶͬˣոʩչǹ쵽˼㣬ôˣӵˡ
˿ҲӰʧƼʣϢƽָȴԽԽһ£Ĺٵ˰ꡣ


0167 ɽ
뿪ɽׯһ·Ƭ̲ЪɽȥֻǶ̫󣬻ʱ䣬һɽ޶پĹ
ӣʮ壬ľϵӦѵ˲ɽ˪ˣӦҲѽɽˣԼþϹȥ
̳ܣѾװһɫۣǰɽ˲֪ж٣Ҳ֪жͬװˣҲ̫עĿصĺ浤ɽׯЩ׷
죬޳ֿνڶˣֵɽׯܴȥڲ˶ڲ²ǰɱžû˵ô͵ˡ
һ·ʮ־Сģⱻ˷ֶ֦һ·ȴʼնǿտյģδûҵ֮ǰڵɽׯʱٸнһɲΪŮӾδˣȻֻʧ
δ뵽ںδ
һĬĬͷȺ·ʲô·һУ޹أҲûע⵽һͬŶۣڲĹ
δ룿
ֱ߳ԶǺȻѹһȻתȥոǸĹѾʧĽֵͷ
΢΢üת·ÿһͻδ֮ˣоǻδͻȻˡ

ڣԶֵɫɽȥʮ壬ȻԼӦ켫ûز֮˿̱㲻ӦΪ¶һеûز֮˵
˼ˣ㲽һΣ˶ӰʧԶ
ʱڣǰǴŶ۵ŮҲͣ˽Ųڲڶ֮µ˫ȴ覡
ֻ΢΢תͷʱһ·ü򣬼ǰȥˡ

ʱ֣Ѿ˲ɽıԵֻԶһһ಻¸ӣһԶž˯ƬŴ½֮ϡ
ǰгʮܵһʮִɱžĵص棬Ȼһ
˵سʱ°ʮ鳤֮Դ˼Ԫŵأ˼ˣʢġ
дĵطܾۼûдϢҲôǾ޷
һ죬˼ݽˣʱؼҲ޷ۼɷܣȴ޷һ˵׳Ϊ˵
˿̣һϣԶ޾ɽɱžЩҲֹǿߣ룬ɱžʼնԪԪ۴˵ķأشҲɱžǿһЩ
˼֮ǰľϸȡ˳ֻѶǸӦԷ˿̷λȻʱȴ޷Ҳûá
Ϊ˵̫ǿԵʣǾ̫ңԶ֮Ҳˣչ뿪ɽʱȴ·ɽ˵֮
˵֮϶Ϣ±ߵĲݴѭȥֻɽ·дԼʮ˾
΢΢üȻʱλԤһ㣬γɽбҲˣ㲻ΪĲ֮ЩҲǴһЩ֮ȥ
£ȻĬſ±ߣЩ˵ʲô
ǻǵãǰ๬һҹ𣿡
ΪκȻ£
ֻһ£ƥﻳεĲ֮ڱصãòҪʲô⣬д֮֡
๬Ǳ𣿡
÷һ²ȴҲ촦³еӣûһӹֶ˺˱ߣû˭
˼
û÷Ҷ˺м֮οңǷ֮أ˾ҵǣλǾ뿪Ϊá

ԽԽԶһҲԽԽԶϣɫѱʮأ֮ѵ˶ˣˣӸոЩ˿ƺ˺
๬ʲôǰһҴ桭ȵȣ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôǰ𣬽ʱǴ溽Լ˵ġѵ
溵˵Щһֱһλǰ£Ϊͽܣٺãһҹ˵ʦͷ­ն£ֻһ˻˳ȥ
ִ£ܲԪǼ꣬ʹû˵ĸɱˣһĻ֤溽ɲԪ
˼ϸ룬һֱԸἰδ˵ʦкţǴԼ׷ʵʱԼҪˣ˵ʵǿԼϵͽܣҲ޿κΣѵ˾ʦǿš
ãɽһҲߵӰˣ룬һղŲǰ㣬溽ľ๬ʦǸʲô÷磬ô溽๬ΨһҴĵˡ
ǵ๬ǱΪʲô
Ȼ䣬뵽һ£ںǺ棬ײʱΪʧҲܹоóĹʮֹ죬ѰĹ
绺ɽ´վ̧ͷԶҹĻ£ֵɽһֻĲ²⣬Ҫǽɽ֮δγɣһȲ֮γɣԼδȥĻǾͱõˡ
ոɽЩ˵ĶԻƺεĲ֮ǵ֮гҽǰᣬԼȻӦҪ켫ûز֮裬ô͡ɱ
ӰһΣʧĺɫã֮С
ҹʱɪɪһƬƬҶɳɳ졣
ҹʮ壬磬ɽӳյóξϴֻ˾׵ҹģŵɱ
һ˿Ѫȣ˳紫˹Ż˽ŲȥȫϢһֻʮʬ壬Ѫδ̣Ȼֻȥʱ
Щ˼ȲģҲ˪ģ켫ģӣ֮ʱɱ
Ҫõ֮ġ֮ΪҲ˿˵֮ͨҲǴγɣͬʮ棬ÿҲвǰȥĴɽ֮
ԭȵļƻ跨õ֮ٽȥò֮޷ȡϵҲ֪֮ںʱγɣֻԼ취ȥȡõ֮ˡ
һɽȣֻɽγһɫĹΣش˴Ȼһɵ֮
һɫμߣû߶ԶȴȻеؿһƣ̧ƣֻһƺ֣һ·ݶήˡ
粻ƫƫʱ򡭡
ĵĺüͷһ壬ֻԼϼѨȥʱѹȥ
ȴʱֻһȻ֮Ǳˣ죡


0168 
ˡ
˫üøˣҹźò׷һɵ֣֮֮Ҳܲˣ˫һţʱչɲɽȥˡ
һ˼һӰһֻһ˺˹ȥˣ죡
һ˴߰˸ŮŮУˣĳɽĵӡ
չɲһ·УվɽƽأϺǼٶȾҲ١
ǰˣ֮ȷֵģҪᣡ
Ȼһӵȥᣬ΢һ˱øˣգۼ˦˰ɾ롣
죡׷ϣߵ֮
߰ҲָӡϵʱâʢһǵٶҲ˲١
׷üͷһ壬һϿߴȥ¡һʱɽʯ飬һºǼ˵·
ɽֻǵɫ֮£ȻһɫȻǵ֮ˡ
Ҳԥ̼֮ǰľϸġһףʱŴùʶĿ
Ȼ߶Ҫɵ֮֮ʱҲ׷ϸ֮£ȴŮӣӡ
˼ʼ֮ˣҲٴ˷һǵ֮ȥɷ֮ײʱɽҡ
˫Ų£棬һȥĺӿڵλѣɵ֮ȷֵģҪᡣ
ôô
ԣ˫һٴιâʢ֮˹
״һŮӼʦֿ죡Ҫˣ
ۼԷʩᣬһŮӵ۵˽ɵֵ֮ģһֱ׷ٵ˴һԲᣬʲô
Ǿ͸ƾ°ɡ
Ҳ˵ʲôˣһߣǵ֮߿˹ܵҲǱ˹
漸˽һʲô£ŮӼ죡
߸̾һ𣬽Եת˼ޣǹɵ֮סˡ

裬ȻһƺߣĴֽˣһɫɷףǵĳ˺ܣҲֻΣ˿
˿̣ͻȻ֧̼ɽʱߵǵ֮Ǳ߾ȥ
ֻ֮ˣǰǺŮбһۣüЦһ˻߸ᣬ
˵ʱ˵ԽԽǿˣ֮ԶǴ˿ȴûע⵽˫Ѿ𽥱죬ԽԽأվ֮أΧĻݲҲۿɼٶȣٿήȥ
һɿֲҲɢ˳һɺ棬ֲһ˵ɱʱ˲Ų쳣һ㶣ˡصɱ
ⲻ֪ÿÿ֮ʱɱҲüأƲסɲ֮κһεֻҪ赲ǰɲǼɢӰ
ס֣
ʱʺȻһֻԶһӰٿȻýȴһ£÷뷢׵ߡ
зһɨʱȥ߸˵һµ֮ʧȥ̱㱻֮С
ʦ壡
˽һһϾɻ֮ɫѾ쵽ֵĵ֮ΪʲôҪøˣ
һ죬ֹס˵ǰһɵ֮Сѵˡ
л
ҲٶˣһʱһӰȥˣ̼ʧããɽ
߿ʧķòתͷ⸽𽥿ήĲľ˶˳˼ոܵһʮϢصһ
иոһɲǣܵһɼµĺɱ⣬ʱˣµ߸ӣ¾ҪĪɥȪˡ
ʦ壬ոΪʲôɵ֮ɵ֮Ҽģƾʲôø
Ů죬ϴ󲻸ˡ
˿ҡҡͷ漸˳߿ȥŷָովĵطǸĻݲݾȻȫήˡ
⣬ô¡
˽һµڶ֪ղ߸ѾڹŹһˡ
̧ͷʧķ򣬳ĬòŵǧҪȥˣסô˵꣬תɫصؿ߸ӡ
ɽ˴δʦʱ֣ص˵һʱ֮Ҳ֪λش𣬵ȴǲԼͬص˵ͷ


0169 
һ·Уƻ轫ʱҲ֪һֻ̣Ѫ˿鲼ƣÿһطľԿήˣԭɽȣһ±ҶƮ㡣
ɽЩޣǱ˸ܻߵӰ
УҸȫط
ɫɷףţҲֳһơҸ԰ȫĵط˹ⷴѹȥ;һţ롣
ĿһƳ˲ԶľһɽҲˣһӰѻνɽһ죬ֽԶһʯץ˹顱һڷסˡ
һУϥ£תķһѹȥȻһȴԤ롣
һεɣκһζҪͣǵþѹȥԽԽء
֪ȥãǻƻʱ֣ȻһǴԽԽƺ١
ˡ
һ˴ԼɷɻأҲ˲ôˣ˫һ˻ȥ
ʱߴһߵأŮ콫֮ٲ黹ձؽ𣡡
ƽ޵ıЩţӣɽедǵ𣿡
һŮִ˽һȴɫȻһ䣬ǡδ룡
δô
һ⧲˲佫ʶ̽˳ȥֻԶչ׷һŮӲţŮӣٲȻǻδ룡
ô
һһ̫ͻȻˣڻûܷӦȻ䣬뵽ϴξ̳ܵĹʱǸŮӣδ밡
ֻɽ˺Ȼּ𷨱δȥδǶ䡰ʱâʢһףһ±㽫˵ķ˻ȥ
Ҳɵһ£վȺ󣬼˱˴˶һۣŮķ̫ô졭
δ롭
ɽ棬ۼδΧҲ˲ôˣ顱һһ˷סڵľʯһɲǷ˳ȥ
ʲôˣ
˽һûϵȻˣǷӦӰѷǰ
һɿϢӿ׵Ҫ˹ֵϻδչʽֻһʹһ̣ѱһƴѪ˳ȥ
ʦܣ
Աһ߶Ȼһͬδʲôˣ㱻һƴؿڣѪʱڶ˶󵹷˳ȥ
˶ʱŵĵѣֻһź۵Ӱû嵽ʲôˡ
ص棬˫һƣһɽŨŨʱӿ˳ȥһ·ĵҲƷˣܳܵס˹סѱ˳ȥ
ߣ
˫ĿԲһҲܶԷʲôˣһʱһɻƷ磬Զ˳ȥ
һֻ̣Ȼ۲Ѫ˿ÿÿ֮ʱǵɱ⼫أҲǿոҲ׶Ըˡ
ӣô
δǰǸۣƵˣһ⻹ʶǸô
ʲô˺䣿ߣȴһңԶ
ˡ
ʶʲôһǰȥ
ӣȵң
δҲһչṦ׷ȥ˫ɽ׷磬ٶȾǿ˼ޡ
㲻ҪߣΪʲô
δ벻ΪβԼ΢һʹԼٶȱøˣҲɲʩչ˼£һĻǵɽ£׷ŶԷһ
֮ǰһֱѰһδ룬᲻ֻڣ֪Էû£İˣǴ˿̣ɣδ뿴ʱĿģ뻨δڴʱ
ٶԽԽˣģĺδԼԽԽԶˣȻָһüһ㣬ϢȻǿ࣬һ׷ȥ
һ֪㣡ΪʲôϼңҰͣ¡
δں治ϺţȴʼţٶԽԽ죬ڣٽһ¾ʱǼأͣҲܲˡ
Ҫ
һ˿Ȼ
δͣˣҲ˵棬һ˹𽥿ήĻʱҲӣôˡ
ҪҪҡ߰
۲Ѫ˿ԽԽأһεĲɣκһζء
ʱֻǶ߻ľڣκεˣһһⱻ


0170 
һþã㵽ôˡתҿ㡭
δһؿڣһת˶ԭء
ֻ˫۱鲼Ѫ˿üһƺǼΪԣҲԼԼһЩġơϸѾû˻˵Ϣ
ҪҪġһȥ
δҡҡͷҲ¡ҡ
Ҫ
һɲǣȫʧһ㣬һɿӿɢȥδ붸Ȼһһ˲̧䣬ֵŨŨʴ
ιɢȻⷽԲһУľһ˲ήˣҲûκһ˿
ӡ
δ뿴һ˹ȥ֣ḧϣվԼǰˣûв죬ûк£еֻۣޱ޾ۡ
һ̣ԺֳָˣǸʮ꣬һһšĽİָ꣬ٵǸ꣬ȴǰ糾ӡ
Ҳ̲סᣬһڶԷϣһһλ䡣
ҲãҲáңڻǸǵӣңڻϵͽܡΪʲôҪ㣬ΪʲôһδҪ㡭
ʧأδ뽥첻һ̣Ҳֱ˴ǰǸһ˫֣ǧֻ֣δ롭
ȻĮ飬Ҳ޷ĨȥԭеᣬֻǰŮӣһˣܹ˺ߣŽ
ҹĻȻ٣һˮ¹⣬ϣãδ̧ͷĽëϣżξӨ͸飬һ
ȥ۽ǵۣ᣺Ϊʲô
ÿһΣδ붼ͻȻߣţһβżȻ
δӣῴһۣΪ㣬ӣôڵɽׯôᡭ˵˴ͷһͣҲһСࣺô޸ˡ
δ롭
ḧӣԺĻ棬ǧһҲ²

Ȼһƺߣʹɫüɷˣڴ˿̵¹ӳ£ԡ
δһ½סҲԣ΢һ˹һϹ룬ʹɫԺתһЩǹɣȴδȥ
ӣҸط˹µˣ˵
δ롭
˵ˣߣ
δʶ㣬֪˿ڵɰҲܵ飬ǰȥԼ󣬲ҵһεɽ
ɽ棬ϥ£˫Ŀգδת˵ϰõġϧ
ϧӡ򣬶ǵǴѰãҲʱ䣬סϧδȫ
˿ֻ̣һɫ⣬ԻδʮָڣһסϧЧǷ֮ˡ
ֱ峿һ΢Ӷڵʯ͸˽ɫŻָ糣ķڽѹ˻ȥδ˿̣ȴɫ΢΢Щ԰ףҲһܺ飬ȻһҹΪĹ
δ롣
תɫ԰ףסδҡҡͷû£Իָ¹ɣصġ
ʱЩӣ˫üԽԽδҲȴ˼ǧ
Ϊ˹һҹȻ˶ԷʱǷֻʱѹȥ˶ѡҲ벻ͨϧκƣԼ˵ôأҲ⡰ϧκõġ
ڵķɣϧķҲǾʲô
ãɫŽָţصЩ𣿡
δ뾲ҡҡͷ¶һ˵㺣Ҫĵ㣬ҡ
仰֪ʲô˼ָ֪˿ڵķɣָʲô
ҡͷһЦްڱá
ӡ
ϾΥЦݣδ΢΢ǰ㣬῿ϣԺֻһ죬׹ºģģļ䡣

Сãŵסô
СС磬㡭ôôڡ
ú˯һҴ뿪õġ
£ɽ֮֮Űһնһеĺâκ˴Ҳ⡣
ӣ죬ǻδĶ磬Ķӣһ˼Ǵ˿̣ҲСɽµ֮
ֱֻѾ˯ȥĻδ룬ֱ˻Եȴ˿ͣܿһ֮Ľɱȥ
ڣµ£˴֮ʮֿ£ټɽĿֲ󷨣Ҫȫˣһ
վס
ȥ֮ʱһܹɹ֮ˣֹһǸ˪Ůӡ
겻
ﱧˣ΢΢תͷһЦüһ̣ǻص˵꣬ຮԭһһҹĴս
ﲻĵط
ԽԽˣһɺȻ˳ȥǱıɽһɲǵɱ⣬Ϣ
˾ϣ²ΪΡϾصɱеⰡͽ֪ʦһֱصɱ𣿡
ЦЦ˵ʱȥһ̣Ҳתħ˼κһˣ԰ӣˡ
ΨǰŮӣԲСӵģ֪ǰŮӣ֪ŮʲôˣһһǰѣҲ֡
ڼԭֻԷƽ֣ɽŵɽ壬⺳춯صɱʱɱǵҷ𲻿ɡ
̫ˣŮڣóȻǰɽأý߲ˣΪ˿ܹоԷϵĺѾԽԽˣҲ
߰ɡ
ȴϣУȴ֣ƽƽޱϲ֡
컹һ£˳Ŀ⣬ֱŵϣȻˣΪζԷߡ

˿̣ڲɽɽδҲ·˳˼һĲ׷֮£Ÿȥ˺ȣԼǰʱȥҵ溣溸Ѿ뿪ˡ
δ롣
ȻỽһδŻع̧ͷ֪Ҫ˵ʲôãʵ㾿ʲôˣԸ𣿡
ҡ
δͷѵҪԼ˼Ʋ幫
Уܸһ֪Щ£ֻýøӸӣ˾ѾʼˣһУСġ


0171 
Ĭü΢ٴʵδ룬Ϊβң
ʱգܻţδֻˣһڣ֪
ʲô֪֪δ˵ôأΪδʱȴֺö˶˳ǰ֪Լ˵ôأʲô˽͵˺ȥ
һеһУ̫֪飬˿ɻ
ӣ㲻Ҫ˺𡭡
δ̧ͷ˵ɫģֻ˼ǰ뿪ʱ龰

С磬Һòãҳȥɡ
£ʲôҶԴӦ㣬㲻ҪٵƤˣʵ֪ϴεʮֲãͲҪˡ
ҪҲҪҲҪ
δ벻ҡͷŴ˿̹ؽƣˮȻΣʣ֪ССҵˣҲ뱻ǸӣС絽װȥˡ
˿һܰȫĵطûҵõ
Ҳ
δǲҡͷ۳˵ôأȫˣô˶ҪɱôúõģС磬ҳȥɣ֪ģ㲻Ҫ߸ҲҪߴ磬Ҫߴ˾ֻҪ㲻ǾͺˣҵֻһֻۣԶԶһ۾ͺãȻҾͻҾҲˡ
ųСãһȴǴſתȥ˼ãתСá

δ벻ϵͷϣؿСС磬Ҫ뿪ֻСܰ磬˿ҪȥٶӼƣˡ
ߵǰȥ۽ǵۣòŵ㲻ܺһ𡣡
Ϊʲô
δһ㶣һ׹˱ĺ̶ŲЩҡҡλεˣȥᣬ
챳ȥŹīգͽܣ㣬ǴĵĹ
Ϊô
δеһɫҲЩ԰ˣҡͷʵΪСǲһΪʲôҲΪΪǧƲô
ֻˡתص
ǻʲô
δǲţҡͷֻ֪ƲҡҵҲһѪô
Сã
Ȼɫһָֹס˵ȥҡͷʾ²˵ĽǶ֪ĵ۾˼ŮӵһŮֻһҹ֮߸
δʣɡҪ

쳤֮̾ͽ֮ŮֻΣ
ʲô
δֹȲʵ
쿴Ǹˡˣˣزݡ
֡
δǻһɫһ±ò԰ֽãҡͷܵġ
Сãѵô쿴ĳصִһֻ˶ٲ
Ҳ
δŶ䣬ҡͷҲ˵ǶƭңƭңҲ

̾ãͷˣȻЩ죬δˮδմ޷Ҳֻǰ͸ķ˻ȥˡ
뿪ʳУŷ˵ǰмղԺȣȳԵ㶫Ŵ磬ϲġ
Ҳԣ
δȴͷһƫĹĵˣҳȥҾͲԷȶˣ˯꣬Ǿ͸ˡ
ʱĻ̲סҡͷһЦӵݵߣԡ
ͲҪ
δֽͷƫһߣ̾һ£ߵߣŴҹɫãŻص鲻֪һ
ߵ̾Ϣδ̲ס۾Ժֳ︡ģǵɽϵһĻĻ
鲻֪һ
С硭ҳȥɣСÿζСңһΡ͵Сˡ
վ˵˵ţֽɬˣת㡭治ڡ
Ѿڡ
δԴǾؿۣòŵ򣬺ȡ
С硭Ҫˣ
δһϲ⣬ۣսݵӣôһ¶Цݣ̾Сʱľżˣ𣿡

δٵ˵ͷ̷䵹ȥǳѾõľż˳ֻľż̵ȴģ˴Сֱһģһֱ治٣ɼ쵱ľżʱжġ
ӹľżָ΢΢ľżע뷨ֻһâľżڵϣ̱δһߣһģһ̬Ϣһ֣֮Уܼ
ǰĿܣδ̲סˮһȴ֪ʱټСˡ
ִȡһϽ«ݸ«棬ҵ򲻵ʱҪãע⡣
С硭
ĺ«δ̲סһ¾͵˳һϣʣԭС磬Ͱһж׼ˡ

츧ϵĳһ̾
ʱȻһŲһӵδ룬˯𣿡
˾ɫһָһϢƿ˺Ľƣδ˵ɫδҲٳɣ̴ź«ȥˡ
һֻһµӳſڣӽü棬ǳü޲͸һɵֻ֮һۣ㲻ҿ
ǻδĴ磬ţҲһĽ֮
ʱ桰δ롱ڳԷһЦòףźСԷˡ
ߣ
δһߣɫҲδһģһߵҲ뿴ĳˣС磬Ұϳȥ

ͷһЦСýǷѣƺĳ˵ء
ֻ˵СþʳգȻСòԸң߱ǡûб飬˵꣬תʱ·ȥˡ
ãû̾ϢһĺĵСã粻֪ã㡭أҪ֪ݡ

˿̣ڲɽɽδ˳˼Сһ䣺δ룿ôˣ

δŻعӣҪȻ²¿ҵİɣ
ҡҡͷҲ²
δһལ㶼һ£ô֪²ˣ
ҡͷҰɡ
ðɣҸ㡭
£δ뽫δԽɳĮ˵ˣȥţҵ켫ȴȥ
˵һкֱԼô࡭

ĩ
ÿŮһʹ׹ɺ쳾İˣӴ˱ᡣ
ϧǸŮΪ㣬һС
⣬ڴ֪ΪεδܹڵħԪ


0172 ֮
Ϊ㰡
δһüҲһ£ôڵɽׯ˳ףǰΪɽˣ·˵ڵɽׯֳ飬ָϹȥ
δ룬Բ𡭡
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ֻԶɽϣһ³ЦЦشľϣ̬ȻǺ켫ٷˣʤȯգ˪Ҳĸо
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Ѿ˸׼ǱͷԪ֮˵УҲҪ֮õһк˴Ѫɺӡ
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ѽžŻѪó뻯ָ΢΢һһöôӹȥĻѪ룬ȴͻȻתֱ£һ´ĺ

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ֻգ۵Ƭ̼䣬߱ѻһ߿ʬȥδ롣
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ڣǼӰɽϷһǿϢǵԭڷ׷۵Ⱥһ±ѻȸ
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ʹ䲻ȵ˵ţ±һ˵ϼʱһСɧ˶Уߡ
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ľô졭
켫˶Ĭλ϶ľȥǴʱҲľϲֻľϲܾһС
ľϴʱҪܵѹȴǵܹ󣬱˵öϼٺõĵҩùϵ켫Ĳ֮ȥ
ʱȴҲԷǡһơ£ôǡơ
ڲ֮˼޼ƣľֻԶԶȥǴ˿̣ԼȴҲΪѾκξˣҲûκΰ취
ʵϣʼնûһۣһ̣պȻЩӲԭС۵ЩˣҲԼͬ˹
Уǳʹһӵ˵ɫʱ⣬һâǰ΢΢Ц֮ɡ
ոһ±˪ûȥֻ˵Ҫô󣬲ȥ
һ£һ㺮Զ˶Ī˸Ҳһָܿ糣Цǳ϶Ѿ˵ʲôˣǲǣվԶľϿȥĿĺէէ֣Ȼʩѹ
ľ˫üĬҲʼնûǱ߿һۡ
Ȼ䣬ֻ͡һԶ˽һֻȻ˺켫·

Զ˽һ켫·£˼ȻԲѵƾһ֮ȥԿĳʹȻٴδҲ̫ˡ
ľҲδ뵽Ȼһ٣Ȼ䣬ԺֻǾ仰һûز֮
һ̣ľЩ΢΢֪Ϊʲô޳ѾˣĵȫԤ֮⣬ȫԽ֮켫λϣȻһ֮ûκΣûС
ΪǾ仰ôѵǾһŵôԽԽ͸ˣҲ֤ˣûпˡ
ԶټŵҲСǵȻѿʲô޳켫ĵӣ켫ˣֻʵ벻ͨ켫ŵ˸ʲôôֵȥƴ


0177 
ɽŰģһ˶վԶضҲǸˡ
ڵ֮Ů𶫾ֻҪһţ˲֣ʣΣû޳ֻȥ
޳
ԶҲסˣû뵽ʱ̣޳ȻɶУҲҪס֮Ǹոգɱ˵ʱô飬ûһ˿һˣǺˣǻˡ
ʱо˺ܽ񵱳켫ȻոգֺȻıǣʱָо˺ԶԶңɼ䣬ûһ˿顣
δ룬ߡ
˿̣һӵǰǸӣĿ֮£뻨δɽȥ
ߡ˵ô
Уʹڱü亮ˣ˶˸ʶԶĵطȥ
ͣ˽ŲͷһۣһҪأ
һ±˪˴˿̵Ŀӣǽһĺ䣬ֻе󲻺
ڣȷ˶ԷĿĺϵһ˿ѹȸѾȻ޴ˣֻ֪ʲôˡ
ΪߵˣĪյʦˣǵȴ֮ͨˣҲֻǳˡȴǺηʥȻԷĪĺ˻ģҲҲôЦ
ӵһЦ治֪Ǻηǳţ»Сӣ֪Ҫȡν練ƣ
˵ֵһֻۣ޵꣬һϲɱ¾Ƿˣס
Զŵ˶ǳ׵ˣֻ֮ڴ˺ɱ˵Ļȷʵʧ֡
УʹĿ䣬Ҳ֮࣬£ġ
Ҳ˵̫
ձ֮ʣոһֱûжĻδ룬ʱȴȻǰʹȥĿ⣬˿ң˿·ȴһ־Ӹµ
˲Ըеʮֲ죬ŮӾʲôˣѰŮӣ˿̾ĳʹܻʲôˡ
ʹȻҲע⵽ʱԼһ־ӸµĸоЩɻŮӣʲôˣ
ѰŮӣֻʲô֮ŮΪضˣһ֮飬Ҳܻ
δ뵭ĺ˻ģޱ޾ֻһ磬ɽ磬ĻȪ˾ϡ֣ҲδؼñֻˣȰһ䣬ˣ죬һ֮⣬һ磬ܿܿǳ
һܽһֻѰŮӣ˵Ȼ
˵ʲô˾ϡ֣ҲֻǷˣҲֻǳʱһ
ȴϣδֻһҲδȥһۣת߻ԣӣߡ
㡭
˿̾ȻԼ޶ãӸ䣬ȴϸ˼Ůӷŵ̬˿װģʲôһСС˼Ůӣ
ʲôˣ֮£
һɲǣһɿֲϢɽȣֻǰУʹֱϹ˻棬˫Ҳ˳ɫлðģȥǿ¡
˶˸׷ԶĵطȥǿɲȻ֮ꡣ
ߣ
ʹһߣȻֱһƣǻʱŴ˲γɻ֯˳ȥһ·һнԱΪ˽̿ʹԶڼ֮ȺһɲҲеһѵ
ͣһ˫һƣǺӿ¡һײΧʮɶʱ˲
δ룡
δҲԥһ˲ʩչǻɲǼ䣬ǲ㻯˻ʵһƬʲôҲˣɢȥ֮ʱȴʮ֮⡣
ӣûôף
ʹһ̤ƣһ˲ѭϢ׷ȥ漸ҲٸȥԼԶľϵˣضˣڵһʱ׷ȥ
ɽ棬뻨δɣȻ˻ûܳʮԶһǿϢ⸽ɽҲ


0178 ս
ֻԭգȻܲһĳȣҪپǿͻδٶȻ
ʹ˲ϢѾ׷һ̧һɿֲѹʱͻδ˱ô粽С
ǵϵľԲ࣬˷κιֲǺ׷ĸŵˣһҲͬеϢ
ΪĲͬͬһոɽ𵤵ߣܹȥѾԪӤߣ
ˣ£
ֻУʹĿ䣬һ£ĸʱͻδ˹
κδʱͻδƣһʱ̣Ȼ˳֮ʱԶȻмâն顱ʱĸӸ˻ȥ
һֻ̣ľϵһ·ɵߣλͬĿˣһҲûκη塣
Ӽ켫ļ裬䶨վ֮һǵ治ã
ľϿҲٲǰǰɵһߣž෸ǽ˵Ҫ߲֮Ҫߣܵøһɡ
˵գľȥһȻѰ뿪Ҽסǡ
ȻżѾҲҪ֮ȫ켫ֻ˿ָӡһɲǱ󷨣ƿ˳ʹĽ
ߣ
ľٴμȥһҲԥ뻨δһۣչɲɽķȥ
ߣ
ʹһߣһ׷ȥ缤Ϣѹֱӳ忪ľϼ˵󷨣ͷ˹ȥ
ľ˼ɱȥ׷ȥĸȴһ³Ǽ˸
ֻʹκȻûϢȻǿ˼㣬һƶǰ˴ȥ
˲γһɳӡ缤֮£ƬƬѣľԻһƬ촷ۡ
ǺϮҲԥһƽľʩչ˳ֻ죬Ҷ˲γһӰ˳ȥ
¡
ײʱõضɽҡԶڼ֮ȺһɲҲеһ
ֻƬƬѿľ׷ɣʹǿʢҲʾ˵Ʒ˲˷Բľ׷֮УֻеϢѹȶ
״δҲһ˲ȥټһ³ʹȥֻâʢһɳâٿȻɳȻȴ顱һʹһֵָֻ֮⣬Ҳǰвð֡
һ̣˫һ𣬰Ű⸽һжʵ÷ۡ
ĳʹȷʵиǴ˿뻨δ㾡ȫҲԺ֡
ģֻĻպ𽥾£˹Ȼʹѹͻδˣ˫ƽɫʵǿ֧Ųסˡ
ӣУΪ̫ߣȥǻŲס
ۼܵĻԽԽδȥһǵáɽţ𣿡
̻˵ڶǱߣطȵˣʱδݳһţ֪ģǶ˴üɹ
ᰴҵָ˹ƣơδһ˹ʹĹһȥһ
Ҳԥջعɵǰߣջعһɲǣʹɿһ㷭ӿɡţ˷ǱѲɡ
ͻȻջعʹ΢ո˵ҲܶԷʲôֱӷ˹ȥ
ҲͬʱδӦħԪڣ˫ʮָϵȥһע룬ɽ棬ЦǱ˿һ±ڷ
һɲǣһ±㽫Χ£ĳɢˣֻüԼԼһѪӡһ̾ħһ㣬Զ˶еһǡ
ȻҲӦˣΪԼھһɴĹ⹦Ĺѵǵꡭǰ
һ£ǰ鶼һǹǰǰߵһɴԼˣԭˡ
ǹǰĿģʲô
£Ҳûʱȥôˣڶ棬ʹȻҲܵ˿̷ǱѰϢȻƲɵس˹˳ʹǸӣҲ˹
ӣƣ
δ˹ϣԥ˫һƣ˳ɹͷ˳ȥ
һɲǣɹڰγһϺɿƲɵ·һ·ɽ𣬾Ϊ촷ۡ
ʹѸܵʲôȴδϵȻǿֻ˫ȥӲ¡һɽһѹӲʮԶ
Ȼδͣ£ȴûгʹĹϺǵ˹ֵ㱻һѪзص˳ȥ
¡¡
һɽͷ֮±ˣڲ˿ԶʮȺҲеһľ⾿Ǻεȿ
ԶľϵҲסˣܹ뵽޳Ȼز¶ڻǿĳʹҲֵס
ͬû뵽ԭǰĹѵŻ֮ʱطҹһսԼ⶯ó˹ǰĹֲõЩ˵Լħġ
ħ
ʹվȣһ±ɱžħ֣֮ûԪԣȴܸܵóոǹ֮˸еġ
ˡʲô
ʹԽԽˣɱž˲֪ɳĮһߣһŵأȴ֪ĺ˻ģֹһССɱžѵǴɳĮһģ
˵Ļݹ죬ҲɳĮһߵˣôҪȥģͲֹ֮ˣ˵Ԫ
һ̣زԶıɱҲٴΰ˾û뵽ոôǿȻҲ˲˴ˣѾϵ֮ˡ
һ¶ôˣΪֵ˺εȿµز
ХɱԽԽأԶʮˣһҲס˺
Ȼ䣬ֻʹȫһˣ϶ʱ˰ɳ𣬻ӳ֮£˶еһȣԶĵطȥ
һּ̣˫һ徹Ȼһ·ŴһɸߵСɽһ㣬˫۳·Զŭ
һĻȴǾɷԶˣǳʹ
ˡ
δɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻѾܵˣ˿̳ʹǿǸոܱˡ
Ȱ
һȣʹȻһ˸ȥʱһƬӰ˹ȻɾԵеѹ֮£˹Ҳеˡ
ǧһ֮ʣδȻһâķϸ֮£ȴһϽ«


0179 ֮
֮ǰδ뿪ʱһϽ«ʹΣȻǷ
춣򲻵֮ʱҪú«ķʱδѾûбİ취ˣֻܶⷨԿʹ
ۼʹǰѾѹδԥϽ«һף˫ӡдʣ«һ±Ŵ
ں«򿪵һ˲䣬Բʮʱԭգһ±ú֡
ͻıʣ˶һƲ֮УħХ֮𣬷·ԶŴħһ㣬ϢȻ
ǡ
һ̣˫ĿԲڰзŴϽ«ΧʮĺƣɿֲϢѹ֮£·Ҳֹͣˡ
˲֪Ҫʲôæ˹סڳһЩΪϵ͵ĵӣһȻɫɷףͷĿѣȫܲסϢѹ
ʲô
ʹȻҲܵ˴˿̵ΣƽδܹϢһѹȣʱиܵˣǺ«ܿ⣡
δ롭
Ŵ˿̺ܲĿ¾ҲЩɻǺ«澿ʲôʱ˶ԼԼһͳǧħХ磬ʮԿ𣡡
ʲʲô
ȺЩңϢѹ֮£˶ǿҪϢһ㣬˿ֺȻֲЩʧˡ
һ̣ʹҲס˺ʲôе˵Ĳ
ֻδУƮƮ˫ֿϽ«ͻȻ˪һλᣬ뿪㲻
Ҳ붯ö쵱ݷͬСɣ˼޼ɵķע⣬ֹˣɷ̫ǿܻס
صÿһ˵Ķߣ˾δ뵽ȥˮŮӣһ˸е
ʹѹȸ֮£Ѿһ亹ǲ֮ûȥ֪Ǻ«ǿ˿̣Ҫһԣ

ʹȻδһ±øӺˣһҲûκα˫΢һӡϽ«ʱ󿪣һâ˳ȥ˲ڰлһӡ𣡡
һɲǣԲʮɽҡԶԶȺҲԳĳֻǰɫӡʹȥ֮Ʋɵ
ʹû뵽«ǿȿµĳ̶ȣҪ˫ƵֿʱӡȴȻǰ
¡
ֻһ죬һһɫӡȻֱӽԭΡ
ۣ
һѪʹ˶浹˳ȥһɫӡʱȴȻδȻƲɵȥһ·Խˣ˳ȥ
ؼʱ̳һ·γһ޴֣һ죬ֻԶһǧɸߵ壬ɫӡ֮£ΪһƬ촷ۡ
һ̳ɳ죬ããأľǾһ
Ϻڽɢȥٹ۳ʹֻɫɷף˫ţȴֹסѪӿм䣬ȻһֲɭɭѪϵľ磬һƣ
˾긦عٴδǱ߿ȥֻǰеϽ«Сˣڳ֮޲ľǾʲô˿¡
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δǳʹһۣסɻϽ«պãȥӣˡ
˿˫üȻǧɻ󣬵»Ǿ뿪Ƿ֮ΪãҲԥˣɽһͬԶȥˣӰʧ˲ãƼ
ľϵҲʼŻع˶һۣľϴż׷ȥһ·֮ڴ˴ڵӰȫ켫
ĺɫһ·ɽԽ룬ȴʼüͷչԺһ鸡ŵģ֮ǰδϽ«
ֻΪʲôķоǲʲô̲һδΪλ«ʲôˡ
еɻԽԽˣʶʹ֪δ뾿ʲôˣôأÿᣬΣֵǴģô֪Լɱž
Ҫʡ𣿡
˿̷·Ѿ˼δȻ˵棬תͷؿ
ҲͣǳʣΪʲôԼЩʲô
δ˹ȴǲΣصӣҪʺЩ£Ժ֪ġ
Ժ뿪ʱĻǲһ𡭡ˣ޷ġ
ҡҡͷԸȥЩŲЩʲôƨֿ֣˶ģĲˡ
δ룬ôˣ
ӣҡ
δȻЩɬˣҲǱʲôסˣһҲ²ԺֳָһĻĻϤİĻ档
·ǰԵδԽõĻ棬ΪȴԽһ㱯ˡ
ˣҲʱˡ
Ὣסˣδ뿿ϣֻ۾ЩģҲ֪Ϊδ˿̻е˵ıˣ·Ҫһʱ䣬ɲٳһ㣬һͺá
֪˶ãҹĻʱ治ԶȻһĿԡ
ʶľϵˣæɿδ룬ֲ֪Ǽ￴˶ãһʱ֮䣬ǾЩΣϡ
δҲŻ۶ߵķ˿÷ûʧأ˵ЩʲôȻ⼸ͷȥ˶Ϊ飬⼸ͷӵҲֵýҲ˵͵ˡ
ȿȡ
ľۺ룬⼸λϴ˳δ뿴ȥʵ֪λγƺ
δתָֻ̬糣΢΢һЦδ롣
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ľ΢΢ףȥɫһ±֣޳ȴ֮켫߽ǡ
֪¹ش󣬵˵ͷҲٶԣ뻨δһۣ˵ӰʧҹĻֵããɽ
ľü΢ŶʧҹĻɫ˼˵ݶ̫أѰ֮ˣֻҲ֪˻᲻ʲô鷳Ϊ켫ô켫ҲӲֻǵ괴켫λǰ񡭡

ڳ˲ɽҹո·Ⱦ糾⽥Ũĺɫʱ̳ܵĹϴ뻨δ
ӣû°ɣ
һ·ɫЩãδüʵ
ҡҡͷһһ㽫ǹѹȥǰԶһջ˿̧ͷĺȽȽ˵ɫǰסһްɣߡ


0180 ¸

δ˵ͷȴʼЩǣҲ֪ʲôܸоʮֹ졣
סջҹһ½ң£ӳųﲨ㡣
˸סһ䷿סڶ᷿δס᷿мֻһͥԺһɽˮء
˯ߣδߵűߣĴţϸС¶ߵĶ
ˮرߣֻмˮɻʢͥԺﰵĸδڳرߵʯͷϣˮеĵӰһ̾Ӱǻ
ʱӰʱ̧ͷԶԶķһֻֽۣӳӰȻδߣ֪Է˿ѹڵǹɡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴʲôҲˣֻܿųԼģ̾Ϣ
ʱȻˣϰϰ͸˼ˮеӰҲˣȴһȦȦ
էէҲǣŴ˿ķĽңҲң̲ס˹ȥţӣ㻹ô
棬ϥϻż亹ڸոգѾǹѹȥˡ
֨ѽһŴˣδվſڣ¹ϣǸһ㱡ɴϾ
δ롭
վߵűߣҹδϢ
㡣
δҡҡͷ˵ʲô˿ȴȻͷϲˣӣ𶯡
ôˣ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ʱԼȻùֵֹģҲЩɻ
𶯡
δЩģ֣ͷϳһͷ¹£Ǹͷȴɫġ
ôа׷ˣ
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ӡ
δһһư׷ؿʲôʱʼģ
˿еư׷ҡҡͷҲ֪
˿̣˵ҥĻòҪٶã֮֮
ֻǼ׷ѣֻЩ̫ƣˣ뵣ġ
δ˿Ǵģο
˽У˴˶Ĭ΢΢ҡΣԼɼδüһ˿⣬ãҪȻλȥ켫ļλϿɣ
ˡ
ҡҡͷҲãҲãһѾôִˣڤڤУһаš
ȻħҲܻһ˥Ӳģֻ컻򣬱˳Ȼ
δ˫ü΢ֹãſڵˣ㣬֮ǰǿɳʱһ¡
£

δϸ룬ҼǱֵֹģŵ֪ٶǰԭɳĮһ˴֮ˡ
£Ҳ֪ǰҵģ˵Ԫˡ
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ܸоûɳĮ˵ôأҲôôȥ
δ˼Ҳȥţãŵӡûз֣º֣
֣
Ҫ˵ʲô
δ룬һ˵ĳ֮ģصҲԲ˵ĳ̶ȣΣٶ˺һΣħǼħδʲô£ѵⲻǴμħ֣˵ĳ޺޹ϵ
ͣһԽƽˮ棬ԽУ˶ΪѾˣȴڰв꣬Ѿ޷ֹˡ
һ̻δ뿴˵ú档
ʱҲ˳˼ЩƽԪŵأѾ𽥰֣һŵ飬ҲֻһӣĿˣ١
δ룬ǻȥɡ
̧ͷһ̣ɫȻδʵΪʲôͻȻҪȥ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷֵͷ˼ص֪ΪΣЩĪģǸˡѾڿʼתľˡ
ӡ
δȻ֣ḧҡͷڣܻȥ
ʵһΣɱžֻ֮һһҪŪ壬ǵӿɳſ˵ٶǰǼ£Ǹ֮
Ϊ֪ٶǰ˾ֹһ˼䣬һУֻǻԵɺϡ


0181 ½
ҹɫ𲻶ĬȻδ֮ǰʲô¶ȥᣬٴμδ룬·Ще£𽥸
δ룬ȥϢɡ
ڣֻһȰϵ鴦˵ν֮ȥҪٸ߹µ˹ڰӤ飬ϵɣպ㡣

δ˵ͷվȥǰֻͷһۣȴû˵ʲôȥˡ
ڶ˱ֳ켫ֱ󣬲ڻص켫ڵǣľϵˣʵһֱں氵б
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ص켫Ҳص˻ϴεɽׯǼ£ҶңҲ
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˿̣ƣ̴ζʹƽֻ֮ϣһߣ˫ް߰ףüȴ͸һӢ֮ƹµȥȥˡ
Ĵߵ̫ˣһ֮ɵϣɾܼһ䱾졣
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߽̫΢΢˵ͷ
·ǰλĴ֮׵̫ˣһμ̫ˣԲԹµϤԷʱϸУյš
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΢΢˹֣漴ｫȡ˳ѽ֮ء

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һȥǰµʦܲδС˵֮һ£˿СУǷʣ
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̫Ŀ΢΢һȴЩ֣ոΪϸӦһ˿ֵϢתۼȴûˣּ˿ƺûʲô˵޷ͷȥ˹µʦǱ߰ɣʦܻл˵

˵ͷҲҪȥ˹µ߶ԷӤһ¡
뿪̫ɫĺδôͳˣһЦ˵̫֮в裬ôͳˣûһ𣿡
ҡҡͷûУ߰ɡ
㰡㣬Ҫô˵أ
δῴһۣЦȴ룬ӣηѾ˼ǧû˲֮һ¶Էˣòײż켫Ĵ֮ףôõĻᣬƫƫװ˷ˡ
ʵģɣʹλûа취λ̫˵ض취Ϊβô˻Էʣôˣǿϧôز֪֮͸һȥˡ
ֻ֪ƴҲҪûزֻ֮Ϊ˱µ˵ĶѣԷʲô
߰ɡ
ûٶԣȥ֮ǰסͥԺֻԺǰľ£Ȼͣ˽Ųû뵽Լ뿪Щӣ˴ľҲñȴǰʢˡ
δ̧ͷɫ֪࣬룬Ц벻µҲġһ˵ţһͥԺȥ
ȻǲסģľⰲһͥԺڶʱȥ˹µµȻҲ֪˲ɽһ£˿̼뻨δͬҲûʡ
ֻǹڰӤһ£ʱûδ֪ڵԼµȥ˺
СѿѶ԰Ӥ˽⣿
µת֮ǰɽׯ飬ȻҲ֪ˣܹӱϸԪӤ˲֪ô£Ѳµһ
Ҳûʲô㽫ԪӤһϸ˵ˣ֮󣬹µ͸һɳȣǰѲµ˿Է˵Ǹеʮֲ˼顣
κԪӤ򡭡
µ˫Щ΢΢һУԪӤһԪӤͬط򣬵ȴ֪ϾȻһԪӤַƽ
̫ӤԪӤߴڣӤȻûз򣬵ȴҲκηֵ߳ļʾȻһ˴֮䣬ѵһҲûô
ȻһԪӤ˿Ҳ˼޽⣬ҪͣôֻһǾǰӤӦóϣΪһзǲӦôڵġ
Ȼ䣬µ뵽ʲô
ڣڣ
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˼Ҳȥţֱãµ˲תͷҲƽȥǰˣȻӵһųκηԪӤǸǻ
ֹãµ˲ͷʱգСȹһΪСκʣԿ켫Ѱҡ
ˣлǰˡ
΢΢˹֣Թµ˲̫ô裬ʵ֮ǰѯһ켫ΪִҪǲ֮ڣ֪񣬶ԶҪˣʴҲͲˡ
ȥ棬δôòų֪˵ʲôµƺͦϲǰĶ˵Ĺ΢΢ЦδõˣǷҪʣ
ȻӸոն˽ʱ򣬱㿴δˡ
˿̼µһƣϵãδҲˣһЦȷһ£һˡ
µ۰룬΢΢ͷ£δﵫ˵޷
ҲȥصģĪԼһ£δ벢ѯʴ£ʵٶǰ˿ɼһ֮ˣ
ԭΪٶǰ֮£ҲȻˣǰµΪԪӤһ£鷳Էˡ
˿ֻ̣µɫԽˣҲһˣδʱģѲµ˼֡
µ˿΢΢Ŀ⣬ʵ֪δɷ˵ϸһЩ
δأɫģ΢Ц˹ʧ֮⣬롭ӦһòǷӡ
ܹһ֮ˣ⣬Ҳʲôƽƽ֮ˣһ㣬δ뵹ǲµòû뵽һ㡣
ٿµˣʱһ˿仯ĹžȻһʯӣһȦȦǶǰ£ҲӾ׸
ʱ˼δǶ϶֮ǰĲ²⣬ȻǸ켫
Ա߿ţ֪µΪλд˿飬ĪǵǸ켫ҡһµǰȥ£


0182 
µ̧ͷŶˣ£ڻ˲ˣһ˵ͷ˵ѹȥ꣬ϣ޳Сѣδ˲Ҫ˵ȥ
δһۣ켫λϣһԭҲԲ¡
µתŴҶƮ㣬꣬ȷʵйôһˣ֣ͽ

üһǾǲ֪֣֪Ĺȥˡӣɳˣͬһˡ
ֲõڿɳ˵ֱ뿪ʱҲûиʲô֣һֱõġˡ
Ȼأδʵ
µ˵ʧֻʣһ£֪õһö켫ƵģٵʱǶ֪
켫ÿηųʮö켫ƣЩ켫ȥ˺δõôõ켫һ
ϴҹҶʮ켫ƣûӹ켫ķۣƫƫ꣬ǲ֪Ǹõһö켫Ƶġ
ʧȥһΪܶһö켫ƣӣ˵ֶκ
δ΢΢񣬳Ƭ̧̣ͷʵǺأΪʧĪǻͨˣ
һʣµǻһʹ£̾һ˵ȻʧȴžֻܼһǳȻͨһҪ֪Ǹʱڸѡ
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ûС
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Ժһʱǰ㰵ʩʧܣ𣿡
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ɽׯ
΢΢ɱžôʱ䣬ƺδ˵֡
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˵˴µԲһ£Ȼδۼ£ȴʱĻ棬һ˴ˣҲԸ켫κ˵һ˿ͬ飬⾿ԣ
˷ǵأǳܱ⣬˳ޣǺܿµһˡ
δ뻺̧ͷʵǺأô𣿡
µҡҡͷɳˣһ·иûãֱɽׯҵˣʱɽׯ̫࣬켫Ҳó棬һ£ȥ
ˡ
˫üѵ
µ˼Ǵ£Ի£Լǧɣÿÿ죬Х֮ǧ຿˵һ֮ˣżֱµˣȥҲδػܼȫʬԲű˳¡
˵˴µͣͣڹ棬һԻȪɡ˼Ǵӹ׹УֻתĻᶼûˣֻܳΪԹǼ꣬ˮļϣ͸ãˡܻܻ
ˡˣ
δЩ̫ŵʵ
µҡҡͷ֪ˣԺҲûгֹɽׯȥҹûҵʬ壬ɳȥ˺Ҳȥҹͬûҵ
£ǸˡôˣĿ΢̽Եʵ
֮ǸҲûгֹǡ
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һҹ䱻ţ
һ£ͻδ˵ɫѵǸ˻겢û
µ˻ۣûׯ߰ٶˣһҹȫˣʮˣµӤһ⡣
⡭
¶΢΢ɫδȴû̫仯׷ʵΪ
µҡҡͷǲΪǵʱɽׯˣͬΪĸߵׯڣü죬ôžδй޽ɱַǸΪǹΪ
˵˴ɫҲЩ΢΢ˣ·ĿѰһ


0183 ̫
Ϊ
ɫһ±֮治Уɽ磬ĻȪһ˵УǻѰ̫ĵ޻ţһнΪ
ʵɷǰ˵һЩɽׯЩˣ״Σ
µ˿ɽׯһҹ֮£ɱžҲȥڣǻƻ֮¹ֲһĻӡԺ
˵ʱȥˣɽׯݽûһ˿𻵺ۼҲûоκδ򶷣ׯЩˡ
˵˴һ˿ɫ·ʱ꣬һĻԾһĿԺ֮ȥ
Щˣ϶ûһ˿˿ڣҲûܵˣ֤ǲʱҿǸ˫ԲǾǡǿаˡ
ǿж
˻һɫҲһ±Щ԰ˣδҲʲôƼʱɫ쳣סˣҡҡͷ
û
µ˵˵ͷЩˣһ˲䣬ǿжһЩŴ֮ͨˣǻߣʱЩˣȫȫûɽׯЩľҲԿήˡ
ľҲήˡ
һ£Ǳһ亹ѵѵǡ
µ˼Ǽ£˹žһ׮հû֪ǺΪŴţͳ˹ΪʱգɽׯԲʮ֣ݲÿÿʱй֮ö֮Ҳ˸ȥǱˡ
ǰȵȡ
δȻɿ䣬ʵʱȫׯµ˶ˣһҲû£
ûµ˵ͷ
δ˫Ŀ΢һ˿ɻѵһҲû˵ĻǾʹϵˡ
һµֿŶˣЩɻʵ޳СѣδΪκȻҴ£ĪǵǸˣǡ֪
ĬлǱɽׯһ£δ̧ͷҡҡͷֻ˵ˣԲǰ
ô
µۺ룬Ը˵ȻҲͲȥˣּڳ˵޳⣬ȹһΪ
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µ˿ŶȥıӰһ˿˵ɫ
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ΣҪȥһ˱ɽׯʲôŹ֣Թɢ
δһ·ڳȻ֪ʲô˺У΢΢һЦӡ

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δһڿĻ㣬ЦݸˣȥǱɽתת𣿡
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̧ͷɫ֮ǰɽǱĪ𵴣ѷԸҪȥǱߡ
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ǡðɡ
˵ͷ˱㼴ĵУĹǱȥˡ
һ·ϣֻƽȺҲһƢĻ㣬δ泩ЩĽ綼ǿģϲ˼Եʰɡ
˲Уָһ£ȴͬʱͣ˴˿š
δ뽫ͷԱһƫǸӣǰȥЦȥǱߡ
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һʱ䣬Щˣδ˾ǲˣ˵ˣ˵գһǰȥ
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δ뵹ҲĲˣһƼ·һʢĻժתȥЦӣÿ𣿡

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δһ£ɫҲȻȥȴ
ӡ
δ뿴Ȼɫһ·Ӧְֱϣһǳǳע룬ǻʱֻ˹Цŵͺ𣿡
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˵ֻ꣬һЦǰߵɽȥˣ죬ˣҹĻ֣û췱ǣȴʡ
δһݵϣǿգòһЦӣ㿴𣿡
δ롭
תͷ֪ΪΣܸоӸոտʼͱЩֵֹˣлҪ˵ÿȴֹ
δһЦķǣ˵˵ϻ˵죬죬ϣ̫죬ʮ졭
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ӡ
δȻҪ̫ϵɣһа취ġ

ͷҲȥˡ
ʱȻˣȻգɽҹЩ䣬δʶ˽ϵ·Щηӣüʵδ룬С𣿡
ûû
δһЦ䣬ȴڲʲô
˽δ῿ϣ֪˶ãǾϮδۣǰ˯ˡ
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ẰһȴûӦĹ֮£ֻ䳤Ľëţ˵ӡһ졭
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һɽ洵Ļ㣬ڶ˵ԡ
ڶʱδתʱȴУֻǷտյһˣȻеȻʧԼʱ˯ŵģǴǺʱԼʱ뿪ġ

ڹµ˵ֻϥĿµ˹ԪۣһƬɫ⡣
ã΢һ˹ֻӯÿÿµ˹·ܹһ¥ΪҲӵȶ
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лǰˡ
վԪµ΢΢ͷһ£СȹΪҪ̫伸λʦֱչһ£ٴһͨ


0184 ͻ
⡭
˵ҪٴԼһͨǾùⲻȥԼ˴ΣҲ޷ǱǰѲ֮˶ѡ
µ΢΢ףͨԻƷǶǰһż񣬿ϧֻƪˣҲǳʺ޳СΪСѵԪӤκηԼšͨͨѵҪ죬ɡ
Ʒ
˵֮΢΢ҲͨȤ֪һ׹Ȼµǰ˵˷ǳʺԼǱ㲻д

µ΢΢˵ͷСѣȻȥ׼һ°ɣ³һ⡣
ǡǡ
΢΢˹֣ȥˣʱɫĺӰƻ֮£켫һ
صͥԺʱȻһŮ޳
תȥˣԭǽҲˣŮڴ˵ȺѾá
ֻı˹գһ˫ۿ֮ø̫䳤𣿡
£
΢΢ͷ˵䣬Ҳ˵ȣȴϰⲻ䲻ȵӣЦ

ֻһЦգһ˫۵޳п𣿡
ûա
֣תԺȥˣվںһæŽŵιιι޳һû˵ʲôأ
ʲô¶ûգȥɡ
ٴͥԺﴫʱ߽ݣŸˣվ棬Դ޳ԽԽˡ
һ˵ţһֻŽż⣬Ժȥﵽ˿ԺĻݲûã԰ҹĻᴹ֮ʱԺʩһ㡰ˮ֮顱Щݲøïʢˣ뿪
һĻǡɱԶһ˿
ļգҹڷȹΪǸӦӤÿÿĺɫʱʱҪȻԺʩһˮ֮鷨ȥ
ˣȴÿδվԺƺãƶԷɫЩˡ
δ룿ôҲ˵
¥󣬻δ조ŶһֿͥԺʢĻϴ󲻸ˣЩ죬ԺĻݲݶ֮ǰúˡ
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ԼɣΧһеķȴǡǡ෴Χһл
һЦԺʢʻЩúãѵ𣿡
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㻹ңǸÿСŮ޳޳Ľиͣߣ
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0185 ͨ
켫嶼Ʒӿݣ·ʲôԶŴħҪһ켫δй˿¹ľһʱ䣬ĵӶеЩ̻̲⾿ʲô
δһ̣ϵɫҪأܵĲֹһɼ׵ɷ仹һɼصħ
˸ܲܲȴܹܵǲħ֮ɢаɷħһʮִħ
˼֮أصһħԡԣħԺδΪξҲԴͷ
ѽ޳δ㣡ôѽ
ʱֻԶ˹ԭǴȥɻû߶Զɽ嶼˻һ˺¡

Ҳôˣһ죬һƷʱѸһԪ磬뻨δ˻統С
𵴲ֹ·ɽ嶼Ҫһ㣬Сɷף૵ص޳ô°ôһͻȻҡˡ
û˵һתԪ֧Ž磬һ߽ʶ̽ҪȥѰɷԴʶȴƫƫǱʲô裬Ҳ޷̽ɷԴͷ
δʱҲͬһϸѰħԴҲһҲԴͷ
ã𵴲ͣĺҲɢȥˣһлָƽʲôҲûһ
ôͣˣ
ĴţһЩδոǾʵ̫ˣһһʮѹֵĸо֪Ǿʲô
뻨δһۣ˱˴ͨ켫һʲôѰ£ֻЩ£ǶĪҲ£ܸԤ
û°ɡ
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δҲԸղŵлعȥһЦҲǡ

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Ȼֽټһ˵켫󷨸棬Ѿˣõǲػ̿֡
һΣǽŽɣʣǵĻشʼֻһǾ켫󷨸棬޴󰭡
վȺĬȻʶԶˣԿ϶Ǿʲô󷨸棬ʲôó֮
תһ룬ֻһͣٹþҪδ뿪ˣȥôʲô

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΢΢ҡΣϥɣȻһŲ𣬽Ǽ
ӣ˯𣿡
δţҹãʵôˣôû˯
ꡭ
δ˸ƣУſС˵ӣûо켫֣
к֡
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Ŷðɡ
Ը£δҲˣֻȻɻ󣬷·˼䣬ĸоѾԽԽˡ
Ȼϲ˵ûвߣϴδԽɳĮһƬϹżǸֵʯ̣ЩѰ
ǰֻ֪Ԫȴ֪ɱžĺ˻ģ޾ڣ֪Ϊξһֵ뷨ԪŵҲãĺ˻Ҳãһش󣬽ܿܿڣ˼Ԫ

ʱһΣ¹ȥˣ³һĴѾչسԼҪȥµ
󣬹µڴ򣬼ˣۣ޳Сѣˡ
ǰ
΢һ֣ȥȻµ˹ϵǳԲʧοգԷҪһ

µ۰룬΢΢ףһܾʱ任ˣ¥棬һɽ֮С
ֻƣлƽľ£ȪˮģԶɽصֱޱ޾һ㡣
֪ﲢ棬ǹµԼһԪӤû޳ǿԪӤ޷һġ
ҪͨԻƷʾһ飬ҿá
µ˻˵ţ˵գ˫ַתɲǼ䣬ɽ˷Ʋ㷭ӿȻһĽ
վԶţ˿һȻǹµ˾۳ɣͬʱȴҲǹ
ݣ
һ󼲷죬ֻ콣˲绯ɽâǵµնȥɽӱİƣһĻƵֵҿµӦԡ
ֻµȻɣ˫֮佥γһ̫˫һԭ콣˿̾Ȼ˫ƶΧתһȦ۳һ˫ǰһƣ콣Ҳʱƿշɳ¡һԶһɽͷ÷顣
һУµ˻չһȥ⡮Ʒֻǡͨһϧֻƪһʽ޳Сѿǿˣ
⡭
Ŀ΢ˣո콣µˣµȴԴƷΪЩΪãһĻͬöԷĹƣԷ
˷ôܶԷʹεֶͨΣܹ֮Է⡰ڡȷʵơͨѧ֣治֪ǺεΪ֮
Ȼ䣬뵽ķĵءﻻơﻻ֮ͨķʦʦϵ裬ȻԼ
µ΢΢ף⡮ڡܶԷԼȻҵվԪӤ򣬹ʶѳСȴͬСԪӤȴϴ˵
һ˵ţһֻ˹˿ִ̿żֳȣܵһôͨվɣǰˣȴӵһκηԪӤ
뿴ͨֽΣһѪԪӤ֮վ޶޷ͻƸһ㣬ǰȴܴһзҲ˳Ը


0186 δ֪
޳Сѣ
µẰһ漴˹ȥ΢һ֣ǰ뽲

µ΢΢ף£Ƚ׹ľ㡣
Ҳٶԣϥȥ˫գȴһµǰָһһâüĴ˽ȥ
ΪǶȾ磬ǱһһĴڹˣֻһעԷʶ֮мɡ
Ƭ̺ô̵ʱ䣬仹̸ѽͨڻͨȴӡԺˡ
ҪɹµһһֱָͨΪֹ
ϵͬǷ̶ʱ䣬ѳ˷˿ֻ̣µУƮƮɣָһһɽâնȥ
˿ôƷһһǽΪãٷµ˹ȥ
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á
µص棬۰룬˹ӣ޳Сѽͨˣֻ޿ɡ
˵ʱԾڲһ˿ȣң뵱꣬õͨžʱҲǺķ˺óʱųᣬڽͨӣ츳·ɵˣҲһأ
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Сǫˡ
µۺ룬΢΢ףǰȥ˵ȴʮ֪һˣʦʲôˣʵСɷ֪㡭ʦкţ
˿ôһʣȴûκ죬Ϊ֪ԷдһʣֻУȴЩ࣬ÿÿ뵽ɳĮԵԼһ䡰ʦͽԵѾ
һתԶɽɫصʦһ쳣رˣô䣬ǺҹңɼǳÿÿʧޱߺڰʱȴҲָҵķ򡣡

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תʵʵɱžˡ
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ǰϵ仯ǰɲŮĪߵ֪ݣǴ˿̣ΪҪŹµǰ˵ɳĮһߵˡ
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һ£µɫǱˣȻ֪ɳĮһʲôط֪û١
ǣܿٴǡ
СʱǱʦ񵽵ģЩ˵ħ
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һ¾˵֣Ҳе΢΢һµǰԶɱžôҲ֪ţ
µ˵Сѷ˵֮Ψһܹ뵽ģֻˡ
˵˴ֲֻ̾ã˵һ¹ھŽ񣬼λʦ֣ҲĪѹֻ֡𻯳˰ɣ
û뵽µǰȻţӦǺüǰ˰ɣ˿䣬˵ʦţʵʦ档
ʦ棿
µ˻عǸеһʵҲ޹֣˳ٶǰٶǰ⼸䣬һֱ켫δԲ֪ԪǱߣһӡ

ֻһ̾뼸һζԪǱ߾ȻѾ˶˲õǰ۴˵ķԴذ컯֮ڣɱžʼԱȵð
ãµƽʵĻδҲԪˣ
֪δ뾿ˣ˿ǵ˵ͷµ΢΢룬ͷáСѷģݣҲ͸¶ȥ
ˣлǰˡ
ٴι˹֣Ӧ뿪ˡ
ȥ棬µԶȥıӰȻпޣǸԤĴʱҪٴˡ
ֻʱһɻңӭһǰԪǻ᲻ᣬԪŵصˣ˶ġһδ֪


0187 뿪
ɫĺڻȥ·ϣȻ뵽³ߣǵδ˵һ졣
ĹˣҴææҲ֪Ҫʲôһ·أδϲժһЩøˡ
ҹĻᴹʱһʻδͥԺ⣬Ằһȴ޻Ӧ֣δ棬ΪβشԼĪ⼸Լδô
£ͥԺһ߽ȥеһɺ֣ϵ¥ţδ룿𣿡
˰죬ҲûüŶʱ˻δӣ𡭡
δ룿ôˣ
üͷһ壬һɲǣȻеһɼصĺŷ͸˳
һɺ̲סһҲ˲ô࣬һ±㽫ƿˡ
ƿŵһ˲䣬ǰһĻȴԭء
δ룡
һʻһµأֻһ˲˽ȥȻǱδ˿ǹɿº赲Կ
ҪҪ
δڴϣȥֻɫ쳣Ĳ԰ףͷϺüë϶һĺеĺǼأ䲻ɢҲ赲ʱĿ
δ롭
Ҳܲô࣬ȫԪһˣƿǲ㺮赲һ³嵽ߣȥ̽Ϣ
Ȼָһȴƴ꺮һͬͻȻպմһܷӦؽ˻
ô
Ŀţδ˺䣬ôˡ
ӣȥ
δʹȴڲҡͷû¡û£Щ䣬ȹ˽ҹʱͻ㲻Ҫңᶳ㡭
δ롭
Ųȥô˵Ԫһˣ̵ϣԼڵĴ֮ԴԴ롣
ӣ㲻Ҫ
˵
üͷ壬Ȼ֪ΪλصһɺǴɽһ֪ڵĴܹ֮ɺ
һӹȥˣӹȥˣδڻָЩɫתջعʵΣЩô
ӡ
δЩ԰ףһϣ乵ʲôѽҲ˵ôԪġ
û¡
ḧ˸ϵĳֻҪԼʹΣδȴҡͷ㲻׵ģ׵ġ
ãδֹͣ˳ʱ¹͸˽ֻĽëϣżžӨ飬̲סһ̾ȥ۽ǵۣõô

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Ҳˣ˿̴¹ʣȴⲻ˸ŵ¡
һֱȵʱδ˯ȥǺñӣŴ£һߵǰɢһصʻʰĻƿŰȥ
ʱֹȥ죬δϵĺ˻ѻָµµҲ֪˽ġ
޳Сѣδˡ
¥ȼ̴㣬µ˴վǰһ买˹֣˵δ룬ǰǵģЩʱգлǰչˡ

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лǰѣһע⡣
׹µ˵˼ɱžˣµȻ˵仰µ֪ɱžˣһʵǿվƵѿЩƫƫɱžһ꣬͵˲
δ룬㻹ʲôǰ˵ôתͷδ뿴ȥ
δǰһŹµһЦ߶ŶʱҲʱ뿪ˣһ̫˵֮ǰ֮飬δӼ£

µѵÿһЦҡֵδ˵ȴǿˡ
δһЦȥСӣǰͨױ˵ģ
Ц˵һʦȻˡһ뵽ֹ£Ŀڵôľګګġ
ͷ뵽֮֮Լ̫˵ģõ֮֮ǰµ˷ǵԼԪӤ˽⣬ľԼȹ̰ӤΪ
⴫ԼһŴͨûҪʲôر⣬һ䡰лǰչˡȴģһһһϣδǱϸĶˡ
µ۰룬Ŷ˺ЦѾͷʵУ治֪ʲôˣͨ飬ԶʤضѾͷˡ
ˣ޳Сѣš
ţµִȡһȴ֮ǰ켫ʱ켫ƣ켫ƺ棬Ѿϡ޳ˡ
켫Щӣѧ֮󣬵ǻǸǰ̣ǻصԼ壬켫ƣÿ˵ֺһöʲôѴɿɳִ켫
켫ΪһЩ£˿ʵǰ켫ȴʵɲģʱգֻǰĳһ¡
ֽӹ켫ƣһöСС켫ᣬصȴأֻ˵ôʱ䣬ʱʲôδߵʱҲʲôδߡ
켫Ųһꡭ֪ԼҪ켫µǰȴɽö켫ƽԼԼ֡
أҲǳء

뿪켫лֻƲһԼԼ߲ǧʼ
ӣȥģ
ʱδȻ˼عԶһۣ˵ȥоȥɽׯַ
á
δ˵ͷվϴε飬ҲգȥҲ޷²Ͳˡ
ɱžĳвԪ㣬ֱº˲Ż˳оĽ磬˴ɽӲ֮󣬱Ϊоˡ
˿վһϣǰƵɽתʱ·һۣδɫ˼ʵôˣ
û
ҡҡͷת֪ǴܸоЩһ·ʲô˸ˡ
߰ɡ
һգۼʧãɽ֮Уֱ󣬶˲Ŵɽֻʱ䣬ɽׯַ
ʱֵ£طԴ֮УȻɽׯɽº󣬽ܸܵһɺ֡
ǰֻƸǣɽҰХܸǿݲݴʯᾣƻ֮¸˼ຮ
˾ɵ뵽˵Ŵż


0188 ׯַ
ӡ
˿̳񣬻δһ䣬عͷ˿ʵ𣿡
䣬á
δҡҡͷԶ£ֵɽȥǵɽׯˣԼԼܿһЩ¥ʵҪɽ𣿡
Դӵ·֮ⷽԲϡ٣ڣǷֵɽһۣ溮أȡһôڻδϣŵ߰ɡ
ɽʱʮأԽߣԽǺ֣δ˽ϵĴ£ЩסɺʴⲢѰһʮصԹ
δ룬㻹ô
ɽʱȻͣδɫЩ԰ףڵҪȻɽɣһͷ㡣
Ҫ
δҡҡͷҸһ𡣡

ü΢˵ͷǣߣ쵽ɽׯʱֻΧľᵹȻµǰԣɽׯԲʮݲɽׯ͸һŨŨ
СӡҪǰˡ
ʱһԺȻ΢΢һͣ˽Ųҹˣ
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ҡ
ʲôҹȻһƾճ˶ǰߣֻһ°׷ۣӡ˷ģ˫ڵһصԹ
ȻΣﻹ˵ĪĻɵ΢΢һ㶣Ա߻δȴ֪ʲôһǰ꣬ϴɹȸܵ˿Ϣ߹ȻһϹŻ飬ϲӦǷٵٻˡ
ιιι㣬˭
ǱϣȴװʲôҲ֪ؿŶԷҹתбһۣһ仰ȴҲסˡ
ֲǵһμˣСʲô
һ£ȴδҲԭأֲϤѵǰ𣿿ΪȴһӡҲûˡ
СѾͷﲻĵط
ҹ˫ǰ̬бŶˣһߡ
ոǾ仰ֲǵһμˣСʲô仰ҹָʲô
ϴɹȣƺδȷʵӦҹĴڣԲŴҴææȥˣҹҲ˵ѾͷѰ
ҹոǾ仰ѵָ𣿻˵ʲôʲôЩ壬ʦ˵ҹѾ˯ٶꡭٶ꣬ܲٶǰδɣδԼС꣬ʱûء
Ա߻δ˿ɣתͷҹι˭ƾʲôãҾˣ
ߣ
ҹһߣ㵱û˵ǣϹٻֲ꣬˵˻á
˴˿̶Ի֣ɻˣҹ仰ʲô˼ƺ֪ò١
δüһ֪ΪΣ˿ǵٻ˵ʲô䣺㿴۸ң㻹ҡ
һЦ㲻عȴ룬δ˿ģƺЩ֣ѵʲô
ߣ
ҹһߣģǾɡ˵գָһһʱ˶ϣܴ˵ʴ
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棬ΧɷɷХһ㣬ֱͷƤ顣
δ˿ֻСèһֱۣСԣӣ˵òйɣ
һЦ㵨ô󣬻¹ɣ̫飬Ҳ˱ܡ
˵ؽĶ࣬Сӣ˵ע㡣
ʱҹȻ䲻һ䣬ЦһҲֻñտڲˣá˴˵ع񡱡
ׯ⣬ǰȴ΢΢һֻׯׯ⽨ʣʱҲδֻ̮ؽ˺ɫ͸һ˵ĹϢ
ǹ٣Щ
ҹȻ䱸Ҳ˵ֻصĵطŻй١
ûնӳȫԹܣô٣óȻ룬һУʴɾԪʬҲС
ûҿֻ̫ңңׯһƬҾʬٶǰˣʲôҲû¡
ֻׯڽǺΰµ˵ʱıɽׯʵҲСʲôˣӵʲô£һ˲ȡȫׯ߰ٶ˵
ǰһ֣ʱԽ⿪ҹȥҹܿʲô𣿡
ߡ
ҹһߣ˫ǰ䲻ȵȥٶˣܿʲô
֮ʣȻһɷɷ촫ֻЩپȻ
̻ŻδȥȻЩƸӦʲô̶һɲǣȻ糱ˮһӿ˹
Сӣ˺󣡡
ҹ󷨾һ´ͻδݳʮԶҲͬʱһִ˼ǿϢ
ҹԶʿһۣĵСӣ˿̵鷳ֹЩ١
һɲǣҲܵˣѭϢķȥֱֻ߷ӿȥм䣬ȴʮ


0189 ս
ǰй糱ˮϮ裬һʱ˽ָ֮һһâֳȽδ뱣
İеĸ֡һ̣δҲɡ䱸
ܿ죬ʮѱƽϸ֮£ȴߣʮӣ֪ЩǺܹȷǣ߲ƣΪϣ͸һŨŨɱ
һ·ڿô
ĿżˣȻ֪ĸߵиɫȴʣȻǰЩĸӦûдһ·˸ˣЩܹϢҲ򵥣ֻǰЩոЩ棬ûĸиߡ
ĸߣһ߸ϢǿҿİУұϢҲٶУںЩӣҲһĵС
˿̣ҲĿҹʱȴһ˿ɻ
ǰյϢֻͻδˣ꣬ǴӺδģϢƺͨߣǶԷ˿ǲмһ˵񣬸СĽ䱸
ɷɷɷ
糱ˮһĹ٣ʱҲȻ֪ͣǱİٶеסˣǳǵĹΧ֮һ̵գʮֺ
÷һ˰ɡ
ڣǺ俪ˣǾͿǣûˡ˵ʱѾһԪ
һ±ý˿вܶ϶Щʲôݣɱž˲ˣҶңǵɽׯǰòɽ
ǰ̫ɵˣһΪѲ컯ҪԸԼֻЩ
ߣڤ粻飡
Ȼ䣬Ǻһ̧һɫӡʱ䣬ΧʢХ֮һͷƤ顣
һҲ赲ҹڵ䵭ߣУҲǰߡ
䣬ָһһֻһɫâֱ۷˳ȥ顱һ㽫Ǻߵ˿С
Ǻ߲˫Ŀһ꾿Ҳ˴ݲȵסĪǵоԼ֮ϣԣϢ
һ̣ȻʮֽǰΪֻͻδˣȻ֮ǰѾ֪ǰڲɽ֮شʹһ£ķŮӵĵУʱڲʹõڶΣҲɵˡ
ҹĳ֣ȴ֮⣬˲òСĽ
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ҹȻ壬һߣӡһһâ顱һͬߵķֵ˰С
ߺ߲ҹתȥԱҲһ˲䳯δ빥ȥںʮӣǲֻ̫Զɽʩ
̶Ƭ̼䣬ɽׯǰɽʯѣƷݣ˼ıɽׯվ˫ֽɽׯҲ˫֪£ԽԽˡ
飡
ֻɽﵴƷ罣һɫâҫ۶Ŀδƾһ֮ӲеߣȻɡ֣ǰδȫָʱҲе
Ͻ«Щϲķ붯þܶõģϴθڲɽùһΣʱ޷ٶõڶΡ
δ롭
ۼδǱսԽҲϾԹˣֻһδζǺߵĹƣϹ飬˵̫أһóֻºЩ̼糱ˮӿˣʱ뻨δӲ
ߣ
Ǻһߣβ֪ʲôֻϣһɲâָһǵâʱһγһѪӡХų˹
Ǽۻ룬һ˲䣬Ҳ׼˻ᣬڡڡһɲת˫һԭѪӡȴڴƷǣ֮£Ȼת򣬳δǱߴȥ
δ룡ˣ
ĴƷõû㴿죬޷ټߵΪͣһܿ磬ֻǿǣ˵δ룬Ҳǲܡ
δ˼ʱ֪׼ᶯ˴Ʒһ˲ɡȻ˳ȥ
߻ȥ׷ȴԱһƷϮ˷ӦƷɲǼ佫ȫֳҪ㿪ȴȻ
飡飡
ֻ죬ֱӱǵɫӡѪ˳ȥԴƷõû죬ʹѪӡ࣬Ļǵشɡ
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Ǻ˫͵һŴȥСӸת˷СϾŶϹʱʧĹ
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ͬɣ˫һƷ˲תʱ㽫ǲĽΪãһ·ȥֻ顱һ죬ʮӣԼĽ󵹷˳ȥ
⣡
һΣǺڿˣһϹʱʧĹ磬ʧδ˵ĸɻȹֹ֮Ĺ
ô£
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ߣ̵ϢŶδƷҲСȻǵùµ˵Ļ
¹Ʒ಻⣬ʩʱĪöԷѰʹԼվԽĹһԷƣôҲԽΣա
ӡ
δ뵣˳ûѣҲ̷˹ŰǺߣǺİٶУȷʵ׶Ը
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Ŀ⣬δȫ͸СӵĹԽ֮ˣֻҶֺܶԸ⹦
ǡ
ҹ˿ʵ͸꾿ʲôˣԼ޷Դκ˺
ԼСӳֵĻƱػֹŮӵҲʱԼ˱ǰлǲˣڳԼ谭취ȥ
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Ŵԣ߲ɵһǷˡ
ûǻ顣
һ̣쳣ոȷҹǷˣҲѾ뵽˶ԸϹŻĶơ


0190 ɻ
⡭
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ߡ
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¡¡
һɲǣǾ֮ҲʮӽһǿĻڴ˿ѹ֮£ǾҲҶһˣһ壡
δҲһǷٻ꣬ȻۣԪʮ췣شǿĻǳҹĿһеΨдٻꡣ
û뵽ֲҹһǰʦ˵ʱģԭǿʵ
Сӣﰭְˡɲ룬ȻҲһˡ
ҹ䵭˵֮ʱϵǿˣеߣһ̾ҲеϢ
ʰ϶ԼǴδ뿪ɣδ뻹кҹĻڴ˵ؾ
㵱Щ
˵һ䣬δԶȥˣ߼ȥзһЦֻϹŻ׽ȥɽøԻøĺô
ܴʱҹ£ҲеЩϢط׭רŹԪ񣬶ԸûĻ飬ǿʮֹξ֮У
ϹŻ飬ϷҪνϹŻ飬мͣעˣ
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ЦˣһɲǣصɱʱԣȻתȥҹģ
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ֻɻһ˲仯Ѫâɳǰֱӡҹͷؿڣһӡͷ顣
ˡ
ɻӡҹʱһХһ˲䣬ǱһסˣȫѸٱ⣬һ˫ɫͫҲ𽥱ڣϵķӡǿٵʧˡ
ЦһٴֻӡҹϵɻϣһɲǱ㻯ѪӡԪ˽ȥ
ҹ
ɫһ䣬˲չɲ˻һ̧뽫ѪӡȻѪӡٶ̫죬ͬѪѪһһɲǱ㾡ҹԪ֮С
ҹ
δҲһ˲˻ҹţҪѪӡȴ޴֡
쵰
˫ĿԲһ˲չɲ嵽ǰ߻ûӦѱס˺ӡ

İٶĵУһ̾ЩѲֵؿǰӣֻ۲Ѫ˿һҲ˼ɣһ̧˲ʩչ˳
һɲǣԲʮʱХֹиǺޱһ˲ɽׯ
ۼһҪߵͷ£ʮӽŵĵѣ˳
߸һ˲ɫ䣬Ҳ˲ô࣬ҧ⣬һھѪ˲仭һѪ䣬Ѫâȥ
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һ죬ʩ֮ʣһѪâУʱһѪ˳ȥ
ӣ
Ǻ߲ϧѪԪһУδʱɫһףص棬һѪӿЩվˡ
УԾδոǾʲôİĵУȻ˿á
Сӡߣ
ҹɻʴ˿ɫ𽥷ףʹ಻ȻƾżԪӲš
һۡУҪõӡҹΣգһпֻأҹɢǳ
ߵ߻ûָֻһݷ˰УԶʮӼһһ±ǰֹ
ҡ
ϣòһ̣Ҳ˲ʲôɲˣһ½ת˼ޡ
һɲǣһΪıȥԲʮʱƴգ
·ǰһݡ


0191 ɱҹ
ӡ
һ̣δҲɫХԲʮƷãã֮䣬ϣδйŨص

ʮܳ˿ֲ˿֮£ȻĿŤҪȴܷõ
ͬٶеߣԭ˹ˣһ̺Ȼ֮ܲƣֻ۾Ѫͬá
ǡ
ʣߵߣҲȻɫæת֮Ȼ֮£İٶĵУҲȻԵֿ
ɷɷɷ
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ȻΪ˿̸ܵŨŨ糱ˮһӿ˹ȥ
ݣݣݣ
һɫµĹ٣һ´ӵߴ̼㽫ֽŲ޷ټʩ
ӣ
δɫһָһһɫն˹ȥȻնǹ棬˿ҲûУЩٲױնϵģնˣҲһ˲
߾긦ҺصĹ٣Ǿˣ˿Щٲסˣ˱˴˶һۣҲԥѪԪҲҪɱ˴ˣǣǻȥܷҲҪҹζࡣ
ֻͬʱҧ⣬һھѪһ˲仯Ѫɫӡȥһɲǣδâʢһ˲˹ȥ
¡
һ죬ɽׯһǿֵסߵһδҲɫɷףȥ
ǿĳҲ˲ϵЩ٣ʹһ׹ȥȻδˣת˲䣬糱ˮһĹ٣ӿɷɷֱ֮ͷƤ鷳
߼Ҫ֣ҹСӣߣ£ƴĻһ½˹˲δԶʶȥ
ҹĻ߾긦濴һۣʮӽ˿߻ǿ֧ŵסʧôأδܽСӴȥֻҪ𷣡
ߵΣ
ŵסǿ˵š
ȴ뿪ͽˣ̴ѶȥԮСܲԶȥ׷
˵գ߻âƿնȥˡ

ããҹɫ֣ޱ޾ҹͻδӵ˰һɽȣҹ޹⣬쪣ҹɫ쳣

Ĺ֮£ֻҹɫ԰ףһ˿ĻҲľˣ̽ţҹ
ᡭް
ҹǿ֧ţɻӡԪ꣬ްֻɫ԰ףδҲһһص
ܷߣǱѰСӣ㡭Ҫġ
˵һ䣬ҹҲ֧ŲסˣһʧԭأﴫȥȴҲҹĻ
֪ҹɫֳ˼֣쪣ɽ亮أδʱķ˿Щ˺ܿͻ׷ӣǱ뿪ˡ
С
һֹ̧ס˵ȥҹ׭ӡʱ⿪ȻԪشɢ
ˣҹǻ飬һԪܴǱǲĴˣõӡҹ
ϸ壬¹µһʱֻҹ飬뿪źȻҲֻҹ飬ܡ
ָԽԽǰҹԪѪӡҹԣܹסԪģͨ׭ƴ˷׭ҲѰ֮ˡ
뿪ҪŪЩ˾ʲôˣҲҪŪƷ׭ľʲôˣ˲취ȥõӡҹ⿪ӡ
ȥҹԪ괴˲棬ԽԽأɢҲѱ볤õĳ˯ٴʱһ꣬ʱ˼Ѳ׺ɣ
һ֪ʲô
ʱδ֪ҹڣ뿪ˣٿ⸽
Ĺ֮£ֻĻݲݣͬЩľҲήˣһƬ߹ÿһطš
㿴𣿡
δһŵ߰ɣЩ˺ܿͻѭ׷㽫ѹȥĻһ潻棬ǲǶ֡
áߡ
һ˾ȥѪۣһǰҹĻֵɽȥˣδ˫ü΢ΨһӡҲչ׷ȥ

֮ԱɽϵɣѾʱѹȥһֻһ乳½ɽۣ˪ɽХǳɱ֮⡣
ɳɳɳ
ֻʮӰȴʮ£ˡ
Ϊֿڣһ̧ͷϼµƣ˻ɽУңӳȥ
ֵʮˣطͬŲٺѰͻδټ
һҶѪҲҪ׽ûȥΪľΪϴҶʮ飬ĿľʲôȻҡ
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ɽ棬ɫȥһЩǰ˵òᣬҺûδϧϹ񹦣Ҳ޷ôƻָ
Щô

΢΢˵ͷòŵδ룬ÿζҡ
ꡭ
δָߣÿһΣҲôǴأҶˣǱȻˡ
ɳɳɳ
ڶ˵֮ʱȻ˷紵ݶ̴֮˸ƣʶС̽ȥ
ϣѾ֪о׷ɱĲǱˣҶҵˣҲ֪ԷֻΪϴҶʮǼ±ʦڣѾԼϵо
ȻΪΪʳɽע
ˡ
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ꡣ
ٴδ˸ƣȥȫϢϢǱȥ
Ȼ֪Ҷʦ˲ˣɽѾıҶҷҪȥһһжС
ӣߡ
δȻȥһ˶һۣ˴ᣬĵУһĹǱǱȥ
˫һ㣬һϣХȺƬ̣ɱȻһɳɳ̤Զһ죬¹֮£ֻʮӰѾ˲֮Զĵط


0192 ׷ɱ
ɽºڷߣʮɱѾȴȻ֪һͻδ߿
֡ոϢ⸽ôתۼʧˡ
ΪһС̽ѰţЩ˽Ϊ͵ɱ֣ЩҲҶɱˣ˶ϢѪζʮ
ȴ֪ϵڻδϧ֮£޴󰭣ڣǻδߣ⾪һطɱֺҶ֮ˣƣǰȫ뿪ɽ
һ⸽ϸң
Ϊߵ˴ȥȴʱһ䵭ڷͻȻ𣺡Ϊһɱ֣δҵԷ֮ǰȴ¶ԼɱöԷǡʧܡ
䣬ֻӰϷͻδ룬ʮʱֹ֮ʱһƬƺȻڱʱúһƬ

ɢȥ֮ʱֻѾʮʬ壬ǰʮɱ֣ͻδĽ¡
в塭ԱС
һ̣ûһ˿ͬ飬ЩѪɱ֣ȡǵһҲޣһӣȥѪתδǱ߿ȥ
ֻδԭ覵ȹʱȴմȾ˵ѪǰϸϸĳҲڵѪϣҲ˼Ѫ
üԴ뿪֮䵭һ·ɱ˶ˣԼҲǲˣӡδȴδɱһˣȻȴԼʹ覵ȹҲմѪ
δ롭
˹ȥȥϵļѪ˵ʲôδȴҡҡͷһ죬˫մѪҵĽ಻˳Ⱦ
򵥵һ仰ȴȻеһʹδ̧ͷ˫ֻۣεʱĪʲôɱ˲գ۵ħŮҪ˵ʲô´ټ߽Ļ
벻ʱԼһ仰һֱһ̣иЩζӳˣ߽δ仰ȴ߽ˡ
ֻǵĻδõϧ˺ȥΪʱԼ²֣Բôһ仰
ЩʲôνһֽᣬҶɱžڼ壬ȴΪϵ׷ɱֶαԪǼħڻҪӡ
˭Щ˰ﻹ˶ټù£ٷӡҹԪʲôƳġ
δ룬߰ɡ

˼ɽǱУΪȥμδѻɫҹ£˵ʱ˲ɽԵһ·֪ɱ˶ˣЩѪɱ֣ҲҶҵˡ
ҶǲŹҲûκι˼ɣɱ٣˵ʱԪ򣬲Ҷ׷ɱԪȥȻԪǱߣϤĵطҶһѲΪǡ
ӣȵȡ
ʱδһ죬Ȼͣȥڸ̽ʲôòŵڴ˵ز˽󷨡
ĸӦʱôһ˵ʶ̽ȥȻʱһЩĺۼ
˴£ʲôҲûõôˣԸ޴֮
һҵţƿ뻨δɽ洩ȥ
ʱ棬δͷӳķһۣѹ󷨱ƣЩ˱Ȼܿͻ׷ǿߡ

Ҳԥǣҹûѡ񣬱ҶҸֵ׷ɱ˵ǵ취õӡʹδҲվ
ҶҼϵ׷ɱ֮£һ÷˻С
ӣȥջȥŪЩݵĶܿͻһջǰδȥһ
СЩ
˵ͷǿջȥҪ˶¥һͷŴؽһ磬Žٴȡ
ҹôҹ
˼ҲûκüҹԪˣٲ⿪Ļֻºϡ
ڣϸϸҶƳģɾǳԺ֣֮ҹҲˣֻǷͬСɡ
˴Լʱʱĺɫߵߣδȥôûδü
ʱͷһߵĽϺȻһɧʶ̽ȥһ±ƿˣӣߣ
ֻδ뼲˽ɫЩż֪һ侲ʱ֪˺£ʵôˣ
˵ˣߡδҲˣһӴ߷˳ȥ


0193 
һ·һ·ϲû׷ɱ֪ĺɫ뿪ǹɽҰ֮пȥЩͣüŻδ룺ôˣ
ϻδȴ˿ûǰǽŸУȻһЦҸոҶҵˡ
Ҷҵˡ
ҹδ֪֪ʱΪλЦóʵǶˣ

δҡҡͷһصؿ£Ұһ·βǣһʲôط
ʲôط
һ̣ɫδ߽Щѹоϵķһɽɽ֮Уһɽ壬Իɽ
ɽ
Ƭ̣֣ʲôõط̧ͷؿԼʵʲôط
δһЦӣ˵ꡣ˴ͣһɽϣһˣ˳ơ桯µڶ࣬ʮ
֪ȥ˵ʲôҲֻþ˵ꡣ
δһͨȡ˻ǣΪ֮ãνа֮аԪĻǱνʮĴħͷˣŵһҪȥеЦЦһۡ
ԼŹŹֹ֣ԼֲˣѲɻûȥˡеʵȻأ
Ȼ󣿡
δֿһۣЦȻҹо
ҹ
ɫһ±øˣ֣صصȵȡ˵ҹоˣĪǡ
ѽӣôأ
δ뿴صҴˣסҹɻϸһ£ҶƳַ׭ȻǹƳģҶҵĹϵ˶벻֪
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ǻȻδ뿴ȥû뵽Ŷ̶̰ʱϴô£ֲõбܰԪЩˣת
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δЦǿȡߣ뿪˵
£ǰгһ·ϸĵУֽϵϢˣҶǼٴ׷ɱ
ȷҶҵҲ׷󣬶˷ͣʱĺɫ߻ȽȽδһɽЪţ˼Ȫˮ˵ӣҸ˵ҶҺ͹ɽĹϵǳ˶벻֪ʮ壬Ҷһȥɽ͵ҩͻǡ
΢΢Ŀ⣺˼ʱݳǶ˵ģɽ˴Ƭ̧̣ͷҲСֻȵʮ壬ҹ
δҡҡͷ֮⣬ɽ䱸ɭϣǹΪѾϵ֮ϴǸʹʵǿҪǱȥܣ̸õӡ
ϻ֮ɫδģҹԪǹƵɻȻҹҪʱ䣬ʱ䣬㹻õӡˡ
á
˵ͷδһһ·飬ȻԼһˣȴ֪Ǻá
δһЦȻЩС½ҾˣԺ£ұȫġ
˵󣬳ĬһֵʵҹҸĵ㡭
ҡк¡
ߵϪˮߣ׿ˮеӰͷһư׷ֶ֪ˡ

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ӣ
δһҪȥסһ콫񿪣Ҫҡ
ֻ⸽Ļľ𽥿ήˣδҲ˲ô࣬΢һӡעһߣ˵գţһɽȥ
ĹҹĻѽһ»𣬻δѰһεɽڷסʩչϧѹȥ
һֱҹʱ֣ڵɣѹȥҲֻʱġ
Щô
δ˿ǽŵؿϧµϹ湦˵κƣǷ֮ˣκξƫƫûκãÿһֻʱѹȥһεЧȻࡣ
ɫȻЩ԰ףΪԼĹҹЩⲻȥδ룬û£ⷴԼܹѹȥ㲻ÿζҡ
ӣ˵ˡ
δҡҡͷֹס˵ôѹɣѵ֪ܲһķɣ
ÿһεķɣһθأȥ޷κõĻһҪĿ£Ƕܹ
˾ɽ£ãŵδ룬ȳȥɣ˹Ϣһ¡

δ΢΢ͷҲٴˣһɽȥ
ߺֿʼ˹ҲȫоΪѾܹİеĸƥУ˵ȥţٹãϵľ֣Ҳһâˡ
ֻڵɣҲΪߣԽԽˣǳһʱܱƾķδϧʱѹƣһ죬һⷴʧأôʱҪ
ҹɫ䣬ɽ棬δһԱߣȥ
΢ˮ沨ԣ̾һҲ֪Ҫκϵķ֮ˣȻϧ湦ҽһȴһϲͨ
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˼ˣֻɽңңһۣȷ󣬱ڵϿһ򵥵󷨣䣬ճһɹĻǹĻֳĻ棬ٲȻ
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ɱž
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0194 ɽ
˵ꡣ
δ벻֪֧Ŷã㳤˵ȥ飬ɱžûоҽҵһҽˣ¸ǴѶ
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ĳһۣеЩ⣬δ˶һۣʲô⣿˵ȥǣ
ǡ

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ٺĳһۣ˴˽ĳ˵ħ̺ң¥ЩжıʲôŸߡ
˵˴ͣһż˶֪һδ˶ڰд䣬ǲطȣǰżȻ֪ط󣬰ȥһ۰ݻˣ֪˽ıʲô֮鲻򵥣ܶ
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ӡˡ
һ£δɫڱˣһɲ⣬˼䣬ֻƽ֣֮£кܹɱžʲôҲܰɣ
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ˣǲ˵ˡ
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ͨ󣬻δҲԥˣж˵ʣ࣬Ȳ˵ˣһʱܣмǵҸո˵飬ԪǱƹܣǷСģһеһ˵
ǡ

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˿ϸδһЦʱҪ顣
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֪ʱȥһ£һգδϵĺȬȣɽǱȥˡ
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Ӽɫ仯һЦοˣСòصģȴ˴ˣԺǱܽȽҲҶʮǲݰ

˿ôһ˵ŮİһЩ˵ͷ˫ü΢΢ţЩõԤС
ʱڲԶɽϣʶ˵ĶԻȻҶûˣʱ뻨δ˹ȥ


0195 ػ
ͻδ룬һ˲Ҷǰһ£ӺŮӶһ
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ǶٴʱȻһɽ棬ȫĹҲһ˲䱻סˣ˶ûӦʲô¡
ǡǵʲôˡ
¶˾֮ɫܹһ˲佫׽ɽһ˲˵Ĺǰˣǵ֮Ҳ޷ݳȥˡ
ǡ
һ̣ŮҲŵɫɷף֮ǰһֱ㷲ںȻǿ׽ɽһ׹̶
ǡ
ֻδЦӯӯ˹һλεСЦŵǽһ
һ
˿ĺâذףŮӸŵûɸ֪㣬裬ʲô
衭
δӯӯһЦذϣصһ£Ư
ŴԣŮһµ뺮̶һ㣬ŵûҲҪ㣬ҪҪҵһ˵ţһŵ˳
Ҳɫɷף˫ĿԲʲôʲô³Ҫ˺Сá
˵꣬һ̧һʶͷ룬ӸȻɫѻ󷨡
ѻ󷨣ָ֮ǿѰԷԪһֶͨΣһԣֻˡϵ־֮ʩչͨⲢϵѻ󷨣ֻʶѰԷһļˡ
ȻǰӣһʼΪΪԷпϵľ֣Դ˿ȻȻıΪѻ󷨣ͬʱҲ϶˶Էϵ֮
硭
ԱŮŵɫ˿̼Էϵĸ֣һ׹˾ԨҲһ˿ϣ
ãŽջأӷһƺߣͬһ㣬ɫֽ૵֪Ҷεǰ롭ǰŹСá
硭
Ůŵ岻ͣţδȤһתذ˻˰ˣȤ
ԭҶҵСʩͽ䣬˵ƤǰӵǴ˿̿е̻СãɵԼλ磬˱Ҳˡ
˶ʱ⣬亹乣æͷллǰɱ֮
Ҳٶԣһ̷ס˶˵ʶ뻨δһۣˣһҶ壬һҶ档
֪ˡ
δ΢΢˵ͷȡ֮Ŷ˵һģһߣֱʱݳ˵ģ
˽·ҲˣؿҶҵ˶ϲˣû뵽Ҳ޹ֵԪЩϲ
ԺҽΣ
δ˼ӯӯһЦ˵
ֻңѧô
һ˵ţһ߻ߣȡ˶˵ƣִҶǿнһЩȡ˳
Щ棬ʮֻСƿװǵҩʮֻɫС̳ÿһֻ̳涼˲ӡװıȥɽĻˡ
ʮֻɫ̳δЦһҶڼңȻȴǹԷȥѰô˵ĻǣԻԪ
в壬ԱС
ȥ˵ʲôˣЩƿ͹̳һ𣬲Σʦʼնϵ²ģ𣬴δκһΥ飬ЩڼȴŰ֮µ˾ͬ
ӵȵȡ
һֻ̳ʱ򣬻δȻסȥϸǰ̳૵ֻ̳֡桭

һɲǣҲطʲôһֽδԶֹֻ̳ʱǹ̳澹Ȼһɭɭٺ١ˣؽš
ʲôˡ
˫üһѰһɻͬʱֱ²ӡȻ˵̳ľʲô˵Ļǣ
ٺٺ١Ϥζ
ǹִ̳ߵϣҾȻŵϤζǲķɡȤȤ


0196 
̳лһµڵɣδʱɫһո˵ʲô
ٺٺ١˵λСѣѵ֪Լڵķʲô𣿡̳ٴδɭɭЦ
ԷһڵԼû̫仯ֻǰ䵭Ǻˡ
˭ҪҪǡڣٻã̳ʼĪ⡣
ʲô˼
һ̣δԱҪķɣȥô⣬ֻ˵õʲô
ߵҲõʲôҶ֪ƥҲãһٶ꣬û취뽫ȥﻻûԪٺٺ١ҪСëУӧȥȻĻô׳Ҷ֪ƥһûϵɣٶ꣬Ȼ겻𡭡
跨㣬ô
δ뿴ع̳ǳڵɣһ֪˷ɵˣͬʱõ̸еĳ룬Ȼٺò
Ҷ֪Ҳ֪Ҷҵļϣٶǰһг֮쵱ʱѼ֮λμҶº

ǹ̳ﴫߵЦСûҲ׼ðСëȥɽ˳ϷæõһŽӡҽ⿪ӡϹɻڻԣ̫ˡ
δЦǰƵܵҶ⿪ӡǰı£һ֮ãٷıҶˣҶҼ϶ԸǰʱҶǰĶ֣˰ˣ׮á
Ǻǡ
ЦַѰ֮ˣѵı˲ô
Ŵԣδ벻һݣѵԼǷ֮ˣı£ʲôٶǰᱻҶ֪סٶǰٶǰ
˼ֵϷֻ֪ҪϷһ仰ѡ
Ŷ
δ뿴Ǻɫ̳Ц
ߵҲգ˵˵֡롮ȻлԵߣҲֻһţҪôҪôСȴƫƫġνһ޶ôⷴɣȻҲǶһ޶ġ
ǰ֪
ʱڽɻ˳˼Ȼ֪ôȻ֪Ϲоһһ۷Լڵɣʲôˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ˵С֪ϷΪֻ֪֪һ޶ͨ˲֮ôϱ㲻еڶ˻ӵű£һһԼˣ㣬ǡˣ˵ô
ԭˡ
Ѿˣʮ˵ÿһͨ϶ֻһӵУһͨˣôȥ䲻еڶܹգǾԵķ鵱ֹ֮
ӣСѾˡ
ЦЦһ£»֪Ȼӵ˲֮ÿһΡ֮ôȻԼȥֲؼ޷ĵķ򡣡
ȵȡ
δȻüͷһ壺ǰ˵֮ҪԼԪ
û
߼ǻ֮ǿ󣬳ˣ߸ߡͬΪÿһЩݲݸʵĵĶԼڡ𣿡
ӡ
δ̲סȥһ̣ϵɫʮָ
ϣʼնûκһ˿仯ǵô֮ء
ߵ֮ԶΪƾֲ֮ĿǾʹشˡÿһ֮ڵһ֣ټ֮Ŀ𣬺ٺ١֪ڵķ˰ɣ
δû뵽ԭڵɾȻ˸ӣֲϧãʵǰа취κⷴɣ
ߡ
ֻ̳ﴫһߣСڵķɣδĵزɣϷȫʢʱڣֵ

δ룬˵ĵָ꣬ٶǰǸԶʱЦʵأ
ϷֻȻҲа취Ϸһʱ޴֣Ϸȴʶһˣ֮£Ҳû취ҽˣǱɡ
˵˵ȥһһ䡰Ϸ򡱵Գ˼㻹ҪԼ⿪ǷӡδɲôЦЦʵ֪ǰγƺ
ߣ
ЩţߵϷӣžЩС޶Ѷ벻ʶϷˣʲôϵң뵱꣬Ϸһֱһ


0197 
ۣ
󴵣δ̲סЦ˳ʱˣôСﲻϷĻ

δһЦһ߲ҡ֣šֻǣǰαİ
㡭
ǵĺĺӡԪĻ̳˵ɡӡһδҲЦˣ˵ǰ˵˵ɣ˽ˣҲ÷Ľǰ

Σȴ̾Ż˵꣬ϷԿ٣ȴ⼸ְ㣬ΪԪֻ
Ȼأ
δ벻˵Ǽ٣˵ӽŵô꣬ҲδҵһߺʵֱٶǰżȻһˣǾʺϷ򲻹
ó˿̵·Զٶǰ¼£˴ֻ̾ϧ־̫ǿԹ̫أ֮£ҾȻʧܣҺ
Σ
һ̣δɫȻ쳣ˣҲûһ˿ЦݣȥܾͻȻЩֵֹġ

˿̿ӵҲˣںֻ࣬ҴƴŻƸһ֮ʱ֪ʲôطȻһڷϢҸеʮѹ֣ǵڷ죬һ˲㽫Ҫ˸ˣҲδ߾ʲôˡ
˿˵ţδܹʱľһĻӶʧܣԪشǲںڷˣһ𣬿ȴûж֣ѵǡ

ӺȻ̾ҴǰΪԼΪ԰£Ҷ֣룬Ȼˣɽɽ¥¥ʱҶʧܣԪǺڷҪһǣڵʱν׾١
˿̣Ҳ˼ϸٶǰٶǰƺܶ飬ٶǰ֮ǰ켫µǰ˵ǡ¹º󣬱Ҳûгֹѵ

ͻȻ̾˼˵ʱԪҵȥ뿪ˣҪһ֮ػָԪȴ룬·ϾȻҶƥˡ£Ѿ֪ˡ
˵˴ֲĵһҶ֪ﵱʱҲոϵ֮ʱǶɹһָ𣡡
˵ô࣬δҲ֪棬Ǽ٣ϵȴˣа취κôϵˣδһ£ӴǰȻǿû±Ҳˣʲô
˼ˣ˵ͷãҶǰҲǰҪʳԣǰˣܲƭСӰɣ

ӴЦһСѾͷδҲ̫ᡮӡˣҶԿʱС޻δȻʱ˰㣬Ҳɱˣشˣʣˣһһң¥ڤľ
һ̣ڶһ£ԭӵ߸棬֮һһɾͲˣȻԪǼħ֮һң¥¥
Щ˵ĶԹԹҲ򵥣ӦǺܶǰ˰ɡ
ΣСѾͷ˵Ļô
̳棬ٴδ˿ӵ
δһЦãһΪҶǰõӡǰԪǰҪ취κϵɡ
Ȼױſӣ£Ҳֻõӡ˵ҲþȣϵŴӵ
ֻǹ治ڼƻб䣬ٺúⶨһ£Ȼ;ǳʲô⣬ǺɾԤˡ
ӣ㿴Σ
δȥһǵϵĹ̳˿ԣδȫȻ棬֮õӡһУ¡

δü΢С£Ȼ飬ǰȴѾСˣʲô⡣
ǽǰڲغûϢҪٿ棬һ淢ֵĻҶ˿ɾΪˡ
ϷȻס
̳ﴫһ仰Ҳûκȥͺ̳һͨͨûʲô
ʱ׼ϣɽǱȥˣƻٽʱ˲ɽ´ֻԶɭɭɽĺɫ£ܹ֣ȥ쳣ɭ䡣
ɽǹɽˣⷽԲʮﺮ֣Ī˵˼ǷޣҲһֻ
ˣ
δǰƵɽ壬ֻ˵ĺ䣬˫ڼϣ̲ס˶¡
𣿡
һۣʵ
ûû¡
ΪȻ¶δҲֻýַȥӲɺϣܹõӡȻ뿪Ļɽϻ䣬Ų˶á
߰ɡ
ڶһɴ֮ʱɽĺ˱㼴ŷɽǰȥˡ
ɽʱɽϺȻýȴµӡ
ǶĿɨһ£ұüͷ΢΢һ壺Ҷҵˣôô


0198 
ԷѯʣҶӣ΢һҾ֣Ц·СõһʶƬ̣λʦĪ֡
Ǻӵкοɹֻ֣ôտǲܼʦˣֻе˼ҳˡ
뻨δһۣЦ޷λʦִ·ɡ
ϡ
ӻҲ࣬һһڷֳʱŶɽȥˣȶٴʱȴڹɽϡ
ֻɽ϶Ķֽ࣬Ҳι״Ǵ˿ҹĻ£ԵùȵطԪĻǱȻħˡ
ʱԶˣͻδ⿴һۣûô⣬ӽ˼䣬ִҴɽȥˡ
תͻδ뿴˿Ҷ
£Ӵ·һͥԺֻұǺӵʦǶˣڴЪϢһҹɡ
ˣλʦˡ
ѧҶӣϴЦ΢΢Ҿ˵

˵ͷֵסҹﲻɳɽ߶֪𣿳ʲô£Ҷ˿ɵ𡣡
λʦַģСҹҲȥ

ӵ˵㣬㲻ٶԣ˴˶һۣԶȥˡ
ߵûӰδڸҽ˫ַڼϣ䣬ˡ
û°ɣ
תȥ￴˿Ƚݰɡ
˽УѵƵϣʹůһЩδʩһ㷨ЬҲѣѸ˽ȥ˫ֽűӣůˡ
ꡭ
˸ƣ磬ⱻ淢֣ͽһɡ
δʶиڷأһһ˫ۿǣ䣬ɲһ˵ţһֽýһЩ
Ӷǽӡû˼˼룬һֱȵҹʱ֣ﺮ͸˽δ̲ס˸ʹڱҲԵɽҹ
㻹𣿡
תһֻۣδűӣûֱ£С
ɽҹȷʵʮҲܹܵõֻ֮벻ͨδ䡭
ʱȻСɳɳ촫˸ƣ͸ȥֻ¹£ԶӰЩ˹Ҳ֪ʲôġ
һЩߵûӰˣŽؽܹɽЩҪʲôʲô޹أ˴Ŀֻõӡõӡ󣬱δһ֮
ӣе䡭
棬δẰһҲЩˣһϵϨˣߵߡ
¹͸Ĵɴ˽ֻδɫЩ԰ףݶزס
ڲóȻ˹һ˵ǡҪȻұɡ

δ̧ͷһֽۣͷȥ͵͵һЦҡڿأʲô߲ߡ
ڿû˼֣ŵڶ֮ȥ
Լ˳ʱʱԺ˵ĽŲһӵʦˣڱȥɡ
棬ͻδ׼˿ȥ棬ӣδ΢΢һЦλʦִ·
ҲԣڵĵȥˣԼһ󣬲ĵ棬һ֮˳δ̲ס˸
ʦҶҵ˵ˡ
һʯǰ湰˵
ֻʯĸ̨һӰݿ£ͷϡ裬ƶѵǴӹײǧʬһ˲ģǿɲ˱ǹˡ

̹ͫһҶҶλСѣɡ
һ߽ʯ֮ˣѧҶӣǹһݣЦŵ룬ӽݻˡ
΢΢룺СӲ컬ˣô
Ȼ
һЦｫʮֻװŵҩƿȡ˳һ죬ȡ˹ȥƿǣڱǰţ΢΢ͷƺ⣺һεģ
Ŵԣ˿һ̣Ȼͱеأ
֪ʵЩװŻǵĻ̳ˣｫʮֻɫ̳ȡ˳һ죬л̳ȡ˹ȥϸ顣
˿̼Ź̳ͻδһĶȴԾԵʮ򶨴ݣڹ潫һֻ̳ϺһɺȻ˹
һҲ˹ֿ쳣䣺ôһֻ


0199 
պȻ纮һɭ䣬ʹԭɭɭĵӺˡ
ֻһ¶ʮӰһӰӺ˳һѸ٣δһѺâذѵĺϡ
ǡôĵӡ
ȴһۣŶñӣ˪üһӡٶ֮죬ΪȻʮֲǹĴӷƣЩͨӲͬ
һ̣ձøӺˣһĿ⣬ͻδϣֻһӸ̨һֻ̳
Ҷܹ湱ʮֻ̳аһֻȴֻʮֻԹӣܲɣ
ƺâذ׵ϣɭɭʦ㻰ûô
ձ˪ʱ̣δȴЦЦһջĪҪ̫˵εĻ棬һ˵ĻǷͬСɣԴ̫֮ʱԸ
Ŷ
ֽĿϣʵ˭˵ĻǣҪҶ֪
δЦ浽ʱһ֪̫֮ҪԹʵһ¡˵¡

˫һУ֮ǰ˵Ҷ֪ҪɽʱǰŰɣ˵Ҷ֪ﻹһ£رˣһߣҶ֪Ȼױ
˰ˣСһ׮
˻֣Ʊ㽫ذصߣĿ俴
˿ȥȥɣԪһ˸ǡ
ˣл桭
ѧҶӣһЦ
𼱡
Ȼٴһݣһ죬һȥڶʱȻڶʩչѻ󷨡
˿̵ѻ󷨣ֻѰǷһֻ̳Ѱļ䣬ϾѻѰԪ䣬Ԫ񶼻ܵˣҶݣ治Ҷҵõʱ鷳
Ƭ̣ŽջȥȻ΢ЦȴǰһѺδȼ֮糿ѿӵĻ̳ϡ
ȥɣ˻ὫԪøǡ
һ˵ţһ̨˻ȥδʵ˴м鷳һ桭
ʲô£
ת˻üͷ΢΢ҶЩ˲鵤ͻǣȴһԷ˵һ鷳㲻ɵϸϸ
δЦʵҲʲô£֮ǰ˶ϼɻɣǰץˣɻȴⲻӡ޷ѰǶ˵Ԫ롭
˵˴ͣϸϸ۲ŶԷ仯
ߡ
һߣõӡҲǣ
δڨڨһЦǡи㣬Ҳһ֮ˣжҪĶԶʱûи̫Ҳϣ治Ҫ̫¡
ߣ
һһۣȻ֪ҶǼϣĸĻ̥ѶԷ⵹ȥ
ɽʲô£ΪҪƽ޹ûô飿ʵҶץʲôˣ㵹˵
δЦ棬ץˣǰڶֵ÷ӿ޳һʶŮӣʱ֪ݡ
Ŷ
˫Ŀ΢΢һȻҲ˵޳ڲɽ߲֮ʲôͨˣû뵽ȻҶС϶ץȥˣⱭҪֶˡ
ֻһߣһõӣȻҶӵ˽£кθϵӡƲף˵ҪҪһҪţǶ𣿡˵գһ죬ֵû߰ɣⲻˡ
һϼ޻̰ӣδһۣЦҲá
δЦҪֻ˵һЩ˵Ļǣ˵ˣʱɽ

˻һֱߵ˵ߣˣƭҵĻҶӣˣʱ򶼻᳢¯߼߰ζ
δЦǸöһٸӣҲ档
֪ͺá
תһȦʵ˵˵ʲôʱץ˵ģҶж֪£
δôǣ˵ڰǰ£ϲδˣϾҲ֪ҶҼλϸ˼Ҳӵȥ¶ȵġ
Ҳա
˵ͷҲѡ
һ˵ţһֻȡõķ׭δҪȥãȴֽ˻ȥɵشŶˣôʼվãЩء
δЦĪ滹˵ĻǣԶϲû̫ô
⵹Ҳǡ
ۺ룬ҪӡݸʱȻһӣʦҶҵˣ˵Ҫ


0200 Ӧ
Ҷҵˣ
ʱɫһԭҪݸδĽӡһָ˻ɵؿŶˣ䲻һ𣬳ȥ
ˡ
ͻδвô죿ҶҶɣѵһͱҶҲǺá
ʲôߣ
ȻһȣδʱعǿһЦݣ֪˭ˣ롭
˸ں棬һ̾Щ㷲¶Ī˵ӡòˣܷȫ˶⣬һϵĸ֣ƾԸ˵ɽأ鷳ˡ
ӣô졭
δ˵ɫ
˵¡
һ̣Ĵ㣬ƴһҲҪõӡ
ڵ棬˼ˣȻҶ֮ʱֲһȻҶҶ壬ϴڱɽׯ׷ɱǵˣߺߡ
ɽˣ˶һۣɻ
ǺߺȻҲǣ˿̲δǼٵģߵҶ壬Ҷ棬ôûȥ
δЦ塢壬ôˣ
·ûǵ£ȥɡ
һ䲻ȣȻҲҶҶ֪ɽĿġ
ȵȡ
ȴɭɭЦԪͽӡǻûȥء
ӡ
ߺһӡ֣ͻδ뿴ȥԪҪģûʲô⣬ҲȡӡҪ
ɭɭЦôĪǻ֪޳ѾץҶ𣿡
ʲô
غ߸ȴͬʱһһֱѰˣôͻȻץҶˣ
ͬʱͻδ뼲ȥô£
һ̣ձ쳣Ѿܵ˵ɱδ뱳亹乣·ͻȻҲֻӦˣ˵ǶϷԸġ
ϣ
һݣ룬ĪҶѾץˣô֪ˡ
˵ˣҶڶ
ƶԷ˿мƣδǲһЦ壬壬ֶŮĴ˿ֻ̲Ƕλ壬˽Եȥץˣǵûץˣôˣ̫֪ˣ̰ðȴʧڶţǾûΣ
һ˵˱еһϮȥץ޳ȷʵ̰ðʧôˡ
£ǰȥģҪˣڵãҶӸȵǼ˸©˭˲֪һ򲻺ͣô죿ǻȥν
ߣ
ȫмƣδһߣڣѾ׽ȥˣԶλҲˣǱߣԻȥ˵λˡ
仰˼Ȼ˴˿ָܹ̽ģ
޳ûץȥȻģҶܲģλȥ⣬ˡ
δǣҪȥ㲻ڴ˵ˡ˵գ濴ȥ
濴żˣһЦͿҶﶷ̵ЦǣҶҪģҿûʲô¡˵գָһӡ͵˻δ
õӡδһȥԱ߷ƿȥƣѻԪǰɡ
ǡ
˹ȡֻ궦ˣĿǱġ
δ뽫궦£ߺ߿ȥǣ塢壬ȸˡ˵գȥ
ȵȡ
Ȼ䣬ֽסǣĿ䣬ʵҪӡʲô
ͣ˽Ųδתȥô£ʲôʱҪλ屨𣿡
һɲǣһɺ˳һ±䵽˼ޣǶͬʱеһһ̿ŶԷ񣬾ҶվǰһǸе
ã߲Žѹȥûˣ߰ɡ
ߣ
δһߣȥˣ뿪ɽ˸ͣһ·ٶȴޣѸɽȥ
ڹɽߣĵ棬ֹ濴ˣЦЦ޷˵˵ɽк£
⡭
˳Ƭ̣ɽܷץסǶˣڱ˵ץסǶˣֻ뿴ܷ˵˵ˡ
ȻҲ˼ҪæǲѣæҲܰװΪ
ȻҲ֪ǰΨͼĬãǿˣʵݷǰǰ֮ǰҶȥץ޳ʱ߷һֻϹŻ飬ʮ
Ŷأ
εȤȻЦЦŶˣȴϸϸ˼ϹŻ顭µ棿ΪԼæڲƭԼ
ߵϹŻ飬Ҷڲֻ֪ϹŻɱǶ˵Ļöˡ
û
߽ŵ˴棬Ҷ˵ûֻ飬Ҷ˱ǸҲһ׽Ȼ֮ǰѾɻҲ

΢΢룬ɫƺǵ⣺Ļ飬Ҳӡȵȣ
һֻ̣ɫ䣬ŶˣǸո˵ʲô޳ߵĻ飬ɻ


0201 ׷
֪Ϊͻ䣬ߺҲһ£һ̣ƺҲ뵽ʲôһ£ǵɺ̶
ӡ
ɫ䣺мˣȥ׷ոˣδ䣬㲽һӰʧڴ
һ£ߺҲڷӦ˹ոҶҶǼٵģ
ϸŷڣֻܷԼϵ壬ɻȥ
ϸϸһ룬ƽҶһʵʲô¶ҶģֻҪҶڳ죬˷öѹǣֵҶȻվһԶ˵
ˡȥ׷
Ҳ׷ȥ˿棬ƼʦҴææʵʦ£
Ըȥȫ䱸һ֮ǰκɽ
Ҵ˵һ䣬չȥ׷ˣ֮ԱҶ˻ţΪʲôӡ
ɱž֮˼ɵΪɻܽ⣬ȴӡ
켫ˣ켫Ĵ֮һĿľóһԷӡ켫øľƳˣʱκ˶ܽɻͬ߱ε˶ʱס˭

׷ԶۼһƬٲ˵ӰӣԽżˣʱҲ˲ôˣ츲أҲҪ˸ҳ
˻ϡ׷󷨣
ָֻüһ㣬һӡէ֣ʱ䣬ԲʮƲ㷭ӿһɿֲϢ˲ʱΪ˷ɢ˳ȥ
ͬʱ뻨δɽȥ˵ٶȼѾ쵽˼ޣδ봫ӣȥģ
롭
˫ü΢Ȼõ˽ӡñȻʱ˱ض׷ɱԼˣһϵ֮׷ɱһֲܿ顣
ڣõȥ켫켫ǵԶ׷ɱһԽӡøľƣԺܷסɻ켫Զڶ˵̫ңԶһ;ʧϡ
ʱȻһϢֶʶһ±ˣһ̾Ǳһ˫۾һֱܶܲ˶ŵĸоеʮѹ֡
Ǳ׷ˣߣ
˵Żδ룬ٶޣһ·ɽȥ
ʱǺ棬ɫһаСӣ㣬ܡץأǰʮղɣ

ûãܵ˺ǿϢȶֻգȻһƴһϢֱ
ˡ
ʱû뵽ô׷ӳⳤɽǾƲӹԷ׷ġ
֮䣡վס
Ǻ洫˹ֲ֮ʣӰ˲Ϣ׷
δתһǻʩչ컨ʱȥ
СҲڱʦǰŪ
ǻָһӡɷɷɷʱǲ㻨δ˳ȥ
δ룡
ɲ˲չһ½סԪһˣľ˲ʩչ˳ȥɽɫӰƿնȥǵĿҶҲ
ܵӰ֮аھ˫Ŀһʲô˸һӡ˳ȥӰʱ̩ɽ㵹Ʋ赲
ʱһҪ任ȴȻֻ¡һ죬ɽһһӰòȥ
氵һĸɵĹ󾢾˿£Ҳõ
Żδ룬ѽ£Ҳԥһչ˲Ǭʧããʡ
Сӡ
ٵããƼʣ˫Ŀ΢СϵĹ䣬زΣҲҪץˡ
𣡡
һȣ²֪һʲôһҲʧƼ
ʱ뻨δӶݵ˳ɽԵֻҪ뿪ɽ󣬹׷ҲͲôʹˡ
Ȼ˿ȥʱǺȻһʱƴȴǹ̤з׷
Сӣٲͣ£ʦҪãܣ
洫˹ɭɭüͷһ壬Ȼ֮ǰȥɽʱľϸѪ


0202 
Ѫ켫ó׭һĿľƣȻͬСɣ벻бʲôԶԸ棬ֻܹһˣ˼ˣδ봫ȥһδ룬Ȼǣסע
á
ͨδȻ֪ҪʲôҲʣǺѾ׷תǻһʩչ˳ȥ
ֻлȥһߣǲУ΢һָӡһӡʱ˻δ
δΪǣסעֻܽޣһһϴȥ

һ䣬ֿ˵Ԫ񣬵޷Ԫֻ˫ֽӡһɺɫӡ컨ȥ
ǻһɫӡ㼴ɢ˿ҲͬʱѼһѪǻȥ
ںɫӡƿһ㻨˲䣬ľ˲ֻһѪٿȻŴƲѪ֣ǵȥ
⡭
ʱ֪Ҫ֮ʱǲѪѷ˷ХΧȥ
Ѫȥһɲǣ˷ӡ֣˹ϣиֻһ˲ܹҪ
˿Ѫסʱѿв켫ǿľ϶Ƶķ׭ȻҲǵУСϾȻѪԼ˷۱ô죿
ۼ뻨δһۣҪȥ֮ʱȻֻƲֱӿɢмȴһӰٷǹĴӷơ
ƣǣ
˿̹ѪһʱѲֻܽϣԼĴͽˣƺȴСͻδ˵ʵ
ֻж磬˲Ϣͻδǰ˿ͻδҶҶģ̫ҶҶöˣ˿̾ѶԷҲҶöһ㣬ʽҲʹãֱһƸȥ
һڰлһʮɺɫӡȷʵƴȻǵֽ֮δһ˲¡һ죬ʱһɢΣƱҲòȥ
Բû뵽СӾ㲻κι䱾ĹĪǾİĵУ
ڰվΣʱ纮˪һ䣬Ȼ䣬ֻһӣȻɳһ⣬ϸ֮£ȴһյĵĹŵơ
ǵƵΧŵĹ⣬˷ǹ浱һŶġơԴ˷ߣ㴫˰ͽơ
˿ֻ̣ƽһţԲʱХ֮һ㣬ֱͷƤ顣
ȥ
ŷָһƵʱâʢ˲ճһ⣬ȥ
ͬУһסʱ㱻Уǵоƣѣ
ӣģ
ۼδһƿǰߵһ˲ɻɡɡһſʱתŽƵĵ⾡ֵ档
ķ
Զ治һѷǵֵܹ֮סƵķҲѰ֮˼ˣƺΪʦ
ʱ任ǰеҲһ»˷λӺȥδ뼲߾ɻɡҲһ·ɵ˺棬ƵĵĹֵ档
һ̣пֻڸ˵¶òöĿ͸һɹϢɻɡȴܽĹ⾡ֵ⣬ʵǶѷᣬΪ޹ء
ʱǺֺȻһһȴҶǸߺߡ
һƶһķʱϳǻδķ˴һҲм˸Եķɻɡȥ
ǷһӲӵӣҶҵġ֡ߵķһѻڵӣͬҶҵķȡ
ͬʱɻɡȥȻɻɡɵֵĹδϾϹ֮£ʱе
ŮŲסˡ
ԶҶ߶һۣ֮ɫһδ˴Լӵ⣬һߣδҲ̫Сˣ
Ȼ䣬ָֻӡü϶ʱһϺɫӡǣϢȻǿ࣬ǰеķɻɡһɲǺâʢתú
գ
δָһɻɡȥһ֮ɡʱŴԲʮֻɡһſơ֡һ˽ȥ


0203 ӡ
һ˲䣬ƣҶߣڴʱԵķʧȥ˸ӦڰоһΣЩԵȥ

δһӡǷɻɡʱ£ˣѸСֻһɻ
⡭
ҶĿ˵ķǼ˶֮˵߱㱻ˣ򲻿˼飬Ůʲôˡ
δЦһлǵķ˵գɻߣһۣʱɽȥ
ߣ
Ҷ׷δǰһͣԼһ˲תڸոձѰԪʱ˫һƣʱɿƲɵس˳ȥ
ֻ¡һ죬Χɽͷֱӱ÷飬̳Ҷͻ⧲Ҳһ±˳ȥ
վȻعʱ뻨δûӰ

뻨δоһããɽ֮Уɽ޾֪δ
ҹΪ˶׷䣬Żδһ·УͣĵƬҲûͣ£ʱȻѾĹ
ӣͣ£ˣ׷ˡ
ۼɫԽ԰ףİ׷ҲԽԽ࣬δЩһ·ϼУƾĹǲܵģΨٷУܶ׷
䵽ɽ·һĹһƺߣϥ˹Ϣ⼸ŻδҹУ˿̼ǿԪݽߣѾ˹İ˻׷󷨣ԷҪ׷ٵ뻨δ룬Ǻˡ
ӡ
δæ˹һ˫ƵϣָһִȡһöָԪĵҩ£ʹɫԺתһЩ
ûˡ
ϢվԶֵɽ˵ؾ켫кԶһξ룬Ͼһ
ҶЩ˱ȻѾйؿڣڻ켫ĻͶҪҹ⿪ɻķӡǿӣȽҹԪӡ⿪˵
δȻҲ˼ҲԣԶ￴˿ȥ档
չΣɽȥֻ뽫ϢȫȥҶҺ͹ҪɱžҵǣҲ롣
˽ɽȥȫϢȥһɽȡ٣дȥҲûҹİֻӦⲻЩʼˡ

δ˹һ棬һϸעȥ˴Լһʱ䣬ҹһƺߡ
ҹõӡˣ
Сӡ
ֻУҹӰֻȻ㲲
δһۣȡһӡҹһ죬ʮȵȡʲô
ǽӡ
ӡ
ҹƮ˹ŻδǵӡĬȻ
˿ɫɵýüѵӡǼٵģܣǼٵĽӡ˽š
ɡ
ҹҲ˵ʲôˣϥȥӻδȡӡüһɽʱֱҹĻʱҹеɻűһһ⿪
Сӡްˡ
ҹӵվɫʼһһָãֵգǷһ顣
ҡҡͷǷԼʲôԼδ룬ҶҶ˵İ㣬ɻ
ҹȻɣʱգҪٳˡ
ס㣬أܾܺòˣ٣Ҫ׶á
˵һ䣬ҹν䵭ص˷С
ɽָ뻨δһۣǸˣúúһ¡
һɫȫʱδŴȡһֻסӻǵĻָ̳һĨ⿪µķӡ̳ʱ˿ӵѾͷҪϷҲǣ
δһЦǰͬСɣ·ӡȻһùˣǴ
Ŷô˵ӡõˣ
Ȼ
δһ˵ţһǻ̳˵ϣȲãȡӡҽӡ⿪
ǰ
δЦЦԱ߾˹ȥЦ绹ǰ˵˵κϵɡ
ôСﻹǲϷĻ
ҲҲ
δЦСһûҶ˽ǰĻǷųǰȴַڣǰΪʱҶ˿ûκΰ취


0204 
ߣ
һߣõСĪҪΪ˽Բţ˵˽ҷӡ⿪Ի취κϵɡ
δЦȻԸǰһԾŶֻտƾϵַѰɣһǰεһ룬㲻ˣҲҲ˵ǲǣ
ߣ
ߵҿӴӲʳԣ˽ҳ㲻ڣϷҲ취κϵɣɣһص۷֮˵ȥȥҪҷģҷΣңҷ֮ԷڣҲǣ

δҡЦֻҪǰϷģ⿪ǰķӡ

Ӵһ˿ߣСӣֻԼô򵥣νģҲƭƭСӰˣԼģԼִⷴڣΣ
Ȼֻδһ˿Цݣֹؿ˵ҪǰģȴѰԣһΪ䡯ģΥԣǰʶ㣬ʹҲ˵ǰҲӦ֪
㡭
ӳ˼ϸ룬ԼòײܹȴҪģȻ֪ʲôģƶԷ˿޿֮
ںòлٶɻܹٴˣ򲻿ɣ򲻿ܡ
δȻҲƳ˼ЦǰģģҲֻǷĶѣֻҪǰΥԣıֻᷢҪϵһκã̱ЧˣڼҲǰκһ˿Ӱ졣
ߣ
ã̳ٴδӵ㵹˵˵ʲôΣ
δҡЦʵܼ򵥣ֻǰҵһɡ
ȵȣ
ӺȻĻʵ˵Сӣ
Σ
δһ˵ţһȥֻۣʦȡġ
ʦȡ֣ԭʲô
ա
ա
ǳ˼һ㲻ȥˣδ˵
δһЦ˵һɣôǰĻǣҲɢ֮䡣
ߣ
̳洫ӵ˶ѣ
Ȼֹ
δЦЦͬʱһǰ֣֮ǰٽǰ֮ʣΣպȣôģͬЧ
㡭
̳ﴫ˿ӵЦСѾͷܻţϷС㡣
Ҳҡ
δһЦѵոգǰﲻ롮ֻҪСӲɣǾ޹ˡ𣿡
㡭
һأӵǽ˵ƿԣոôģֻЦҷ˶ģҲ룬С֣֮ǻҪˣ
ʱӵվӼЦСӣϵֿ췢Ҳǣҳұ취κⷴɣһȥʱǴ޽ҲȲ㣡
ȴ޲ֻŻδ뾲δ룬Ѹո棬ټ֣㣬ͬɢ
㣡
һأӵ̣һˣδ룬Ҳñˡ
ٺ١
ֻЦСһϷҲƣãƣСӣϵɣպضʱã֮ʱϷɣ
ǿ󡣡
δ뿴ȥδ룬ǳȥɡ

δ˵ͷɽȥˣʱܹݡҲãȻϷģֻһҪ˴ˡ
ڶʱڵɹ濪ʼδתϧѹɣȻһαһαϧҲʹˡ
ɽ洫˿ӵСӣɣ㲻䷨ֻʵ䷴ԽѹƣԽȥһС
ûѹڵķɣֵʱ򣬷ԽԽɭɭЦûõģʱӳȥὫ׷ҽ⿪ӡ취ʱѹһ¡
δûɽ濴һۣˣʱҲܲϷģұ⿪ӡˣαܾˣ
㡭
һʱǹ׷ͬСɣôŪȥ˵Ϲô죿СѾͷѶԸ
ӣȳס
δüɽǱȥһ죬ӡȡ˳ȥӡұһڽӡѿ⣬һʱͻԶʧֻһŽӡԼŰɡ


0205 ˷
㣡
һͬСɣۼǽӡâȥһʱһûþˣѾͷӡ𣡡
ѿ⣬ղˡ
δ˵ţһ䣬Ǳȥʱֻһ紵ܽǽӡߣӴ󾪣УУѾͷҷıǣ
Ŵԣδ˿һҲߵüգһЭĻҲû취Ϊ˾ѿӵķӡ⿪ڶԷѽӡ⣬ƣеˡ
ǰһðˡ
δװʲôҲûУƽƽ˹ȥ˹ѹɣȴɻģʲôΪδ뾹ص
ģʵǡϻ䡱һģֻҪģһ֮ΥģؽӦ飬ʹͨħҲѶù
ϻ䣬漫յһֹǰʧƪ£֮ΣռأͱĵΪ˽κ˲ƫƫδ뵱ȴ˴䡣
ԼĪһʱһϰգɽģ˿̻δ⿪Ƿӡ
ֹ˰ʱӡڽ⿪ɽȶȻ˿磬Ҳһ±֣ȥ¡
ˣٶˣ
ڴǻ̳ˣģȴһ뷢׵ߣȥɷǣֻüһѪɫӡһȥЩаˡ
ϲǰյδվһԣӯӯЦ
ߣ
һãáʥǶϮҲδЭˣδܺвȹգȻһСġ
ԽԽգаѾͷձ¶ģκСϵķɣϷٰɱ˲١
һߣҲ𽥽ڵѹȥһۣһ˲˹ȥָϰȥƬ̣Сӣˡ
仰ΣδҲ˹ӿһۣ˵ɣĻҲɢؼ䡣
ߣ
һߣϷҲûа취δҵһߺͬʱҲܹѹɡ
У
δ̽Ȼ˵
һۣôСѾͷδػҽˣҼģ㲻ܼӺ
ҲС
δ̬ȼôñһǵʱֱ治˭˭ˣơɵĻﻹҪӳ
ǰ˵˵ɡ
ҲӵվɵĥҲˡס֪ⲢǶᡣ
ߣ
һȻõҲҲУ˵ֻʱѹڷɣû˵Դķ֮ˡ
ǰ˻ָԪǰɣδһеĵ˵˳
㡭
ֱ˵ʵȷʵˣʱһܹԪôԪָٶȽ
㡣
δȡֻ궦׸֮ǰĻ궦ֻܹÿֻ궦װŵõĻԪĳ˵ĻǣԪʮа
Ԫ
ӽֻ궦УһĻ䣬ԳЦЦ벻ҿӣһҲ˻ƵĻԪָԪ񣬿Ц
˵գֻһʱԪԼԪСδǣԪָЩκϵķɰɡ
㼱ʲô
ӿһۣߵҵֶΣǲѴ֮κϵˣ񡭡ˣᣡ
˵꣬ȥʶһλѣκϵˣҲû취ˣɣ
˵˴ͣһ̾ٶˣҲ֪ڹΡ
ֻһ̧ͷ£·ֻ˾¡δ˵ٶǰĹѣüʵǰ˵˭
ǵ˱֪ߣ
˵գҪȥδȴֽסǰ
к£
˫ָڱתͷͷؿһۡ
δҡҡͷҶ˲ǰֻǰٶ꣬±仯޳ٶ˵˵ҲϣǷҲδ֪ǰ˵˵˵˭
ߣ
һߣǹžˣ֣ȻҲ๬֮÷硣
÷硭
һ֣ʱʲôǴȥɽ±Щ˵
ôˣ֪ӼɫȻ֣ʵ
ҡҡͷȥˡ


0206 
Ϊʲô
һ£Ҳüˡ
˵ʲô
Ӷʱһɫ䣬ֵǰ๬ˣһҴ档
ôᡭôᣬ÷硭÷硭ܡܣ
˫Ŀѣ˿֮壬۾ҲѪ˿ֻȫһһɿֲɿӿȥʱɽȶˡ
δ˹ɿ»Ƭ̣侲󣬲ŵǰڰ
ڰڰһһ㡭
˴ӱۣԺɷţٶǰһ棬µĻ
๬𣿡
֪
ҡҡͷ
ٺ١
ЦЦһ̣ƺѾ֪˭๬ˣãżתǰˣĬ
벻ٶ꣬˷ǣԼģزʶСѡ

Ǳͷ̾˿̷ǾвĵˣΨһеˡ
๬һҲûܻ𣿡ʵ
˵ʲôֻҡҡͷһҲûܻ
ܡ
ҡͷűһᴫȥԼҲһᱣһ˻ųȥһһ˻
ű䣿
ű䡭һϹ飬Ҳɱ֮Դͷ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ʲôѾˣţǷǳɰܣһתɿա
δЩ²Ȥֻںϵɣ÷ˣָ˭ȥʵǰô죿
ֻȥʹˡ
ӣ
δ˹žôãû˵֣Ҳ˰ɣ
ӿЦôòʹҲ˰ɣ
ǰγԣδʵ
Ӹֶ̧ͷ£ǰϲû๬Ҳûʹеֻһ鹬ֻǵ꣬ΪһϹҽ䡮Ƶھྭ͡ƪӶǲ˷磬ںˣ๬˴šྭˣʹ˴šƪˣ˫
ԭˡ
δƬ̣Щ꣬δ˵ʹ
Ҫʹôס
ԳЦЦ߰ɣȥӣ˵ǰͷ˲磬ƢҲǹŹ֣šȡĹأÿҽ֮ˣһԿҪģǴ챦ȥҲδؿʩȡ
Ŷ
δ΢΢ʵǰ˵˵⡮ȡȣ
ӵһȡ
ȡ
δʶȥɣǵͷһҪˣʵǵڶأ
ӵڶı֮˲ȡ
ı֮ˡ
δȥӴδԼ˵ػԼԼ֮£ôҲҪˣʵأ

ɫȻһЩҪ컯ˣ߰ɣȥʹ˵
δҲٶˣֻһһоԶһɽϣﲢʹڵɽ๬ڵ塣
յεΣһĿŴʱѳɲԫ๬̲ס̾˿
ĺɽֻǿչһĹе֣еû֣ƻ֮¸įƾ紵ɹ
๬ˣҲ֪Ǻˣµı
÷硭
ߵǰߵǿĹǰᲦӲݣֻϿš๬÷֮Ĺ֡
Ҳ֪Ǻµı˿̲̿סֻбˣٶ꣬ٴȴ֮
ãɫĺôһĹͽ˼֮⣬˻һҲͳࣺ߰ɡ
֪˭๬ֻѲǸ߳ƵĻʥǴܣȥ˿⡣

ºоʹڵɽɽشʮѮɽǴѩӯߣããѩɽ޾
ɽѰҽ֮ˣ٣ԭÿʮ£ԻҽһˣҲšȡĹأҲһĹء
ɽ֮ˣѰ֮ÿΣֻһҽΣ˾ֻʣһˣҲεúá
˿̣δĬĬߣʲôģҲӽҪʲôΨһĵǣû˵ȡ棬һʲô


0207 ɽ
ԽɽߣѩԽˣҲԽԽ䣬Ǳççأžɽѷһ˻δ뵹Ҳܹܵס
ֻһΣҪȥʹӡˣֻǣĴ඼һЩеλ֮ʿҲ֪һҪϵǺҪĳ˵ͷҲȥȡ
ڵٽɽ۵ĵطɽ˴ѩСһЩ̧ͷȥѾܹԼԼɹ¥ơ
ʱֻòŮӴɹϰƮƮȾ֮ɽһֻһۣ㲻֮⡣
ŮӵĵҲͣ˽ŲֻΪ׵Ůӵ˴ֻһˣعأǶˣΪǰ׷ʱ䣬Լƣߣɽɡ
һ˶˴˶ӣ֮ǰȻѾ˽⵽ʹĹء
ʱһ߼λҼҹǰǴˣ̣һҪǷˣҼҹδȢףҲδκһˣڶҪҲǷˣڵҪӿ˷֪
ֻ󣬻ʮˣм̧ŸܣŸ淺ڵṫӣ֪ĸŵˣʹҽˣȻԼѾûа취ˡ
߿ڣȺ棬಻ټŵҲ׷׿ˣһʱУҲѡ
ڰյŮӶһۣһ˵ιҪǱɽǧ֥һ֮ڣ˭ȡˣɼһ档
֥
һɽǱߵǧ֥˶õõ
ɽĻ֥ÿ˰ųһ꣬ÿγؽ󣬻ϹػʱôҪ˲Ÿȥڶʳ
ֻҪǻ֥
һʳ˴˿˵ʱҪʲôǻõǧ֥ʵ׵ְִȥĻ֪Ҫ˵ȥ
ŮɫȻΪŮӵֻ֥ڼִҪȥɽɣҪڴ˵顣
⡭
ԭɽ֮ǰ˱˴˼仹⣬ȴһĪչˣûл֥Ҳȥʹ˵һˡ
ʹ߯ҲĪˣ
ʱȻһŭֻԶֳľȵǰ˼ָŰŮӵҼɽȴҪʲô֥ſҽΣѵʲôʲӻ֥Ⱦ˸ΪβȾˣȽҼκãʲô֥Ϸʮĸ
ȡȿȡ
˵ֻһ׷꣬ɫ԰ףϡɶ񡭡ȡȿȡ
üͷ壬תһۣתȥŮӵղΣҶҲҪǹһ棡
ŮɫĮرǹأҪȽ֥ȡ
㡭
߽ľȣ˴˶һۣȻһԾһŮӵȥƣǿʹ
ܵʱķѩ˶еһϣȻİϵĵУŮֵܵס
ʱԶкȻһüᣬʱ˻ȥ
ص棬߰˲վȣʱ˺Ȼ
һȻһ£˸ˣ˶׷ɽȥֻžȥɽǧ֥һҡͷ̾㬶
Լһ˶ˣֻʣͻδ뻹վԭأŮӼ˻ߣΪŮʵ˽뿪Ϊ˻ߣ
ڻ֮ʣӺȻӻγˣŮӼͻȻ˸ˣһԭһ֮󣬱㼴ʵǺˣ
˫ָڱһЦϷ֣֪ʹһЩԨԴ˵ǹҾһˡ
Ů΢΢¶Щɻٴϴһ£ΪŮղһҪ㽫ǧ֥ȡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦСŮޣĪҪϷЩǻȥһ˸ǹ˵ʥãҿ
ʥ
Ůӱ˴ӣδ˵ʲôʥţĪǴų뻣סǣ
һߣſӣ΢΢񣬻ʥӾʲôˣ


0208 
˿̣ŮЩԥʲôʥʥģҲδΪŮӵǰʲôˣʹʹĹأ빬ˣǱȽ֥ȡ
ٺ١
ЦЦһЦȴɣ޳ʥ֣ĸŵƨȥͨԼˣЩȴʥʲô֪ˡ
ʱԶڴһŮǻʥǰãҾ֮⣿ˣʥǰڣ
ŮӾһԭʲôʥе·̬ʱ˸æ棬ְ˸֣ʥǰ롣
ߡ
һߣ̤Ǳȥ뻨δһۣҲȥ
ʹ棬ֻ¥һƬһƬаٻʢƣǱѩȫȻͬʱС
˸Ů˴Լʱ䣬̨ͤСڲһ档
ƣ沼õǱµţһСĿֻһɴ£ɴ棬ԼԼɼһӰ
ʿУ˱ȻҲǳ֮ʹ˳ӣϵ֮
겻ʥǰǰȻɴ棬ӵĵЦ
ӿŴ˿ɴң뵱꣬ԷʱʱӻǸʮĻëСѾͷ󡰻ʥүүؽиͣȴ߸ϵġӡˣһ涼ôѡ
ǰ
ɴ棬ٴδӵȻȴֻһӣȻֻδͻδ
Ҳ޹֣ʹ֮ΪҲϵֺ֮СͻδŽǸ˿ӵӡ
Ӳδ£һ仰ȴǣò㳤ˡ
ӯӯһЦƿɴ˳
ֻһ׳ȹüĿ续ױ಻ŨĨһɳȻ˼УȻǻδ룬Ҳѷ֡
֪ǰʹк£
ӯӯЦţ˹Ŀʼնͣڿϣδȥͻδһۡ
ӵҲ˵һˡ˴ָָλ޳Сѡ
Ŷ
ȥ￴κһ˿仯ֻһЦǰӦ֪Ҫҳ־ˣʲô
һһ۵ظԼأвãȴֳٴָָҷ£㲻ȿеʲôˡ
ؿˣ޷ǱǷ֮˶ѡӵЦ
˷֮ˣͬСɡӼ
΢Цķɡô
кȻͻδĬȴ룬ӹȻ˵ãֻһ۱㿴ˡ
ӵǲȣ
Цǰұ¹أôδκһ˶ģԻǰ¡
û뵽Դ¶󣬾˵飬ӣȥõǧ֥Ҳʩˡ
ã֥ʱһ
ҲˣȻҪǻ֥ȥǣ޷ҲֻһСˡ
ֱȥ󣬴棬ɫ𽥱Ҳ֪ţʲô
뿪ʹ󣬿ת뻨δˣ֥ڱɽϢȣҲܳʱֻпԼˣǼȻܹڲɽò֮Ҳʲô⡣
ͻδ˵ʵӻģֻΨһĵģλ᲻ʲôϹҲҪȥɽǧ֥ûʲôϲĹء
⼸ɵó
δһ˵ţһ߽ϴɽʱǼķ˳һյΪơ˷˻ǣǵһŶ
Ҷҵġ֡͡ȡ
֮˵ӡǣӺεΪ˱ЩѭŷӦԵɽʱѽӡǸǿĨȥˡ
˿̣΢΢˵ͷҲá
̶ǰߵɽº˴˵أһϢʱֻԶɽޱȣŨ̹ϣɽˡ
ȵȡ
ͻδɽ֮ʱӺȻ˴ȥһ˸סˡ


0209 ɽ
ǰк£
δͣڴ֮ǰÿӵĻʱһö棬һʹӾĻָԪ񣬶ҲһЩΪϸ֮˵ע⡣
ȵȡ
ٴδ˿ӵãСϡ
δ벻֪Ϊ⣬ҲʣøСպãһۣɽȥ
ɽ棬ϢˣֻɽҽɽŨ̳죬ʱлɽ罫ϵĵУɸյأ
δ룬һ¡
һɽʱȻͣܶĸӦûлδ񣬵ʶȴѰ˿ɱȣڸոһɲӦ˸ԼԼһǿϢ
ӡ𣿡
ꡭ
˸ƣֵԱһʯ˹ȥȥȫϢûãԶһ˾ЩͬϢصúոǱʶˡ
ǹȥ
δ뻤ֻʮ˾ʮ棬ҿĸİϵĵУӹǰԤһ㣬ǧ֥ѵһ֣˶ŵᡣ
ɽɲȲɽûκιأҪ֥ɰ죬õ˻֥ܷŴȥҲǸ⡣
Ƭ̣һ˴֮ͻδ˲Ŵʯ֮ʣ洫˿ӵ˵һЩҸӦһɽ֮С
ǰģǻ¡
δһ䣬˿һɽȥˣԽߣϢԽȣ׹ǳҽ棬ǵٸ֮ˣҲҪ̼䱻ȥ
һɽģֹϴȥʹҽ֮ˣɱžصߣԼһЩš
Щ⣬ɽϹʱĻɽ滹ޣҪ˳õ֥뿪ʩһСֶΣǲС
Ѿɽ˵ϢǳȣԶЩҽɽȣҲȻһ㣬δ벢η˵ȣһ·Ϻˮ٣ȥȴǱˡ
ӣ㻹ŵסô
ɫЩɷףδ벻Ҳüڵɻʱ
ްȥǰߡ
ȥ亹ǰһǱжȥǸʱ˱㰴ǰļƻֿжˡ
һ˼ɽߣԼֻ֮ɽҽϢȴ͸һȻǧ֥ɽˡ
ǻ֥Ϣ
Ȼ˿ӵһҶ棬ʶ̽ȥֻɽѾ˲ˣиŵĵӣҲвΪߣɱžһЩɢޡ
һ࣬ǻ֥ȴֻһ꣬ȻƱؽһᡣ
ȻãҲɽߵжע⵽ԭɽһ޴Ҷǻ֥ϢǴҶ洫
Ҷ棬ȴĹ⣬ϸ֮£Ƿһ۾ֻǺεޣ˿µһ˫۾ߣ
ʶ̽˹ȥֻǶұһɫ֥ұȴһȫǳƬϢһǧеľš
޵ĵвͬնǧеľţֲʵѲڳϵ֮£޹ɽôˣʱȴ
ãվ˳˵ȥʱһ֥ؽ䣬ʱǧ֥¾ͳ߸֮ˡ
˵һµߣһв˶ȥ֪˶õ֥֥ȴֻһ꣬Լȥߣǽ̱ˣ
Ϊ뷨˲ųٳٲۼʱٹһʱǧ֥ʧˡ
ʵҲûϵԭΪ㿪Щ޾㹻ˣȴϵɽһţڣŵ˶һĪչС
ֹһֻɽһߣһµİ˳˵λĪõǻ֥֮ҪǽǴסһʱ󣬴Ǵ»֥ҵȴ˴ηǵһˣ»ҪΣա
˶÷׷׵ͷԵҲеֻ֥һ꣬ʱ˭䣿һĻʱⲻһᣬ˭ȥȫԸǴ
޹֮ʱԶȻһ˴İ׷ߣƶһȫ֮ƣ֪λѣǲ
ֵ˶˹ȥһͷףֵ֪ʿһѷһüιͷʲô˵
λСѣ
ǰ׷ЦصģԶȴǰһж


0210 ۽
˼ͷ˵ֻ˵һ룬ʱҲʣ«ʲôҩʲôȫķ
ֻǰ׷ǰЦƶⷽҲ򵥣ֻ֥һ꣬Ҳܷٷݣλ㽩ȥսǻ֥Ϊ߸֮˵˴ͣ뺬Цԡ
ĥĥ󲻰ѻ˵꣬ʱ˵ǵȻ֪ʲô˵

׷΢Ц·ڹʱһ㣬ЦƶⷽǽλȲǻ֥ЭȰⶴס˵ǻ֥ղں֣֮˶ܽߡ
˵˴ЩƶǶˡǰ׷ЦЦһüĿӣ֥չˣǱҪ۸ߵˣδõ֥ˣͷ֮ɷƽ
ˣȷʵʧΪһ÷һɼٳͻⷽʵ֮ǰҲ뵽ֻһֱｩû˵ڼȻǺֶΪϾȥ˭Ҳûкô
ܿ죬Ⱥǰ׷ɺЦԣڼϣ˽ŵǲƶ֤Σ
ʱֶȥһʵ֪λմ
׷ҡЦմңһλѣϡ졯֡
졭
һͷԵӣʱһȻĪ춴ˣ
Ŷ׷΢ЦȥɫЦƶԵλСѣ
ûûС
ǰ겻ҡ֣һ˷ܵӣææڼУ游˵˵ķɣû뵽ⷲȻüǰա
һԣ˸Щˣʲô춴ˣҲδ˵ûƬ̣ȴЦԭˣʧʧ
ԭˣ
һʱ䣬Ÿ͵ԽԽˣԭȥֵֹİ׷ߣһ̿ȥȻЩɷˣ·һ㡣
ʵ˸δ˵ʲôˣ˱Ȼǳ׵ˣԴ˿̼˶ʶáˣԼܲʶáأ˵ȥǶ˱Ÿ
λѿˣˡ
׷ҡЦƶĺ·˴ⷽʶԭȴǧ֥ⶴڴغ֥ǧ꣬飬λԺȡ֥ǣĪҪ
ֻվڲԶ÷һ㣬˴ʱ˵顱Ļ϶ˡ
һµЦǰԼǣԺҵֻȡ֥
˿Զʯ棬вɵðЦδǹ龫֣ʲôˣݳϵ˵ģصãЩƭת
ǡˡȻǻδٰˣ˿վȺ棬ҲúЦЩ˼ֱϴԪЩ˸ƭҲǱʲӻ֥ͷ
ɳɳɳ
ʱҶȻ˶ƺǾܵɽϷĵ⣬Ȼ˸ͷһ˫۷·Żһ㣬ͷǱĥ̻һЩΪԵ͵ˣʶˡ
ţҲֻǧ꣬δ飬ҵȺǲѶԸ
һߵȼ˷ɽҲżԼķɽ߸ЩˣȻһ´˰سʮɳ²ֱŵһЩӲȥ
߲δȫܳɽȵˣֻҶڣֹκ֥⡣
˱˴˶ӣȻ䲻֪˭ȼɽ߹ȥ˼״Ҳ׷ɽն˹ȥ
Ȼ޼᲻ݵķɽնߵƬϣһ˿˺Ҳ޷ɣЩɽ˿̾һ㣬ǾֱӸ˻ȥ
ߺ
ۼɽɲ˺ʮߺȻִһʱȥ˶ðʱ䣬Ǿڱŭһһ´Ҷȫ˳ʮɳȫһƬ
ֻǾβһɨʱҽɽѣʮΪԵ͵ܣǾ޴βɨУʱѪ˳ȥһͷҲˡ
죡
ʮæ𷨱ǾȥԶԷɽֶ˰ʱ䣬ɽ𵴲ݡ
Ǿվ˼ߣʹ÷Ҳκʽ˿һĹ£һڱˣȫƬʼˡ
첻ˣ
֪˭һ䣬ʮѽҫ۵ķɽն˹ȥȻһΣȴǾ˻ȥֻǾȫɫƬ䣬Ȼ澹Ȼ¶һɫƬ
⡭ǣ
һ£˶סˣ⾹ȻϹŴ˵ܹΪĳ۽
Զʯ棬ҲؿţʱȻӦһ˿ϢԼԼԶ
һ˿ϢһţɫһԶȥֻƼʻһƬϼǸոһ˿ϢȴҲܲˡ
Īǡ


0211 
Сӣϵĸڸ㵱һЩʱ洫˿ӵ
ٴǻȥܹƾӦϵĸ֣ȴ޷Ӧ˵ԷΪȷʵʮָߡ
㽫ʶ̽ȥʱٴδ˿ӵľСӣҪݾߡ
Ȼһʶ̽ȥԷǵΪһ˲»ǾΪá
㽫ʶ˻Ҷɽ￴ȥֻ۽ϵƬ䣬ϢԽԽǿɽȵ߶ѱɫһ߼ڣ
߻£ٴǳ۽˹Ȼκķɽնȥֻʹ۽ϵĳƬø졣
һǳƬ꣬Ǳǳ۽ѷɹΪԣʱˣûһܻ뿪
죡
ۼǽֻʣβһƬƬԽż˿Ҳ˲ʲô֥ˣֻžɱȻ߸
Ȼ飬ڴǧֻ꣬һѷ飬ȴһ˽Ҫֹѷֺγһ
𡪡
ʱ˲ϹĽȻһθһʮɣȫ۸ǣȻǰ߰ԡ
˼ɽȣŵȴԲϷƽѧõȫ˳
ֻǽȻһɳ죬һ½˶Ѫ˳ȥһЩΪԵ֮ˣֲ֮£ֱӻΪһƬѪ
ۼ˸ŵĵѣ˻ʧ֮ʣȻһֻǾ֮ϣһ¸Ѳŵûɢ٣٣
ۼǾƿֲŵæ߷ȥ¡¡ֻһɽﵴ·ҽʱֹǽܼ׵ĹʱѪģֲ
Ȼ׽ٲδʹֹͣһ£ÿһζǳ۽ѪģƬ׷ɡ
Ȼͷһ۽Ҫ飬ҲһҪɽ٣ɽٳɹ˳ΪԣٵǧٴζɽٳɹΪһɽʧܣǱҲͬһ׽»ҷ
˿ֻ̣һײ£۽ֻԸջĽȥֿȻβһƬƬȴʼ޷ɽۡ
ȻһȫΪԣֻոձ˱ƵΣðǰ飬޷ȫĽ֮£עʧܡ
¡¡
أԲЪʱҶȻһӰɴܳϸ֮£һʮɳĴߣԭⶴоȻ۽һһƣߣڱ߻顣
ֻǴһ³ȥߵֿ׽٣ϣͬ۸ǣֻΨβĳƬδ䣬ȻҲǻвһ㡣
⡭
˿̣˼߹׽ٵһĻΣ飬ԭ˳ѷ飬Ϊǵ˽߶ɽʧܣǧһ
ԭ߿ǰ»֥˱ܻɹУߺôƻǼȻ꣬ôһҪȵ֥Ȼ䡣
׽ȥˣδ֮»ҷ𣬵ȴҲȫѪģߣһϢ
˾긦ʱŷӦߴ˿̾ûвڲȥ±Ҷȡ֥ʱ
ߴж֮ʱԶȻӿֻϼƽʮһǿϢҲ֮˹Ӳǽ߼ٸ߸סˡ
ǡ
˼ĿԶֻʮȻý˷ſǼʮ˵ģ
Ӧҵˣ
ȺʱϳߺˣǱӦҵˣӦɱžһϵ壬ƽＫ˿һأʵҲԶϾҶҿɱȡ
Ӧҵˣ
̷׷ײ²һССǧ֥ûܵӦҲĵزĪǡ۽
ȻֻǼʮ棬׷ΪǸĪ⣬һ죬һâҫ۵Ĵʱ£˲㽫۽档
Ǹ󣡡
Ⱥ˾˳ֻԭѾһϢĽȻƴ
ڼʮ˼ӹ֮£Ҳ岻ȴɽȶǰشӦҵĸҲױ㽫۽ס
ߣ˻δعһչɲɽҶȥ


0212 Ӧ
ʲôˣ
˼һӰл֥Ҷȥ̱мΪߵ׷ȥȻٶȺ֮죬ǻ֥ժº˲㻯һӰ˳ȥ
ʲôˣվס
һ£˶Ӧ˹òײŰǽԸڵֵĻ֥Ⱦָ׷˹ȥ
ɽϷٰɡˡĻδҲ׼ȥ׷һ˲䣬ָֻӡֻԶ޺˽һʲô
˷ӦֻʼȻ̳ͷ޳˹ȻһУҲǻδСԤıġ
ģǻޣ
һȺޱڵĻͣʮӦս׼һˣ׷ȥˡ
δҲڴ˵ؾЩ޺󣬱Ҳǻ˲仯һâ뿪ķ׷ȥˡ
Ƭ̺׷˴Ż֥뿪ǰߣסȥ·䲻λС˭
ÿ
䣬ֻ֣ȴ˶̲ס˸ϡصĺܹһ˲߻֥ĸˡ
ʱԶһӰȴǻδ׷˼ǰǸˡּ߻֥վһ𣬴˿̾в⣬һüʵʶλСѣ

δȻͷһЦһЦȴԭǸŮӵһּһ˺߶бͷ׷Ҳһ»ǧ˿
⡭
ԭһ׷ԲԵߣȻһ¾ͱò˵Ůӣ˸ǸеһⲻǱ仯֮Ǳ仯֮ùǵķۣ
һ£ˣǰɿȥԸǽֺȻޣŮΪ
ǡǵʲôˣ
˴˿̶ŭĿӣüٸߣһŮӸˣתǰһһˡسƺ˿ɷҲ
޳ԭǣ
ڴ˿̣ԶȻ׷߷˹֪Ϊϵ˴˿ڵӣֻҲ߲ơ
޳ԭǸ޳
ֺ˶Ӧ˹֮ǰûۼ޳֣ɱžֵ÷ӿ˭û˵
ٺ١ԭˣõúţ
˿̣˵ӳɱˣһʲô·ڹžߣ»˵㣡ʶĿ콻֥ջһ
δվԣ˿ȴη壬ЦǰԲӣֻ֥һ꣬Ҷ˽֪ҪηأΪ˴֣ǲã
㡭
ǰȡЦǣ˸Щ߳ŭˣüٸˣȻһСˣˣ˵ȥ˵ã
֪䣬һɱɱ⣬ѾȺ˳
ˣ˿ߣҪڴ˶顣
ʱִ˿ӵȻǼɵǰЩߣǺӦҵߣȻõ˻֥Ǳ㾡뿪Ϊˣҹζࡣ
δһۣҲ֪鲻ݶϷ˴뿪֮ʣȴߺȻһ಻˶ԣֱһƿľ
֮죬˲仯һɫӰ˳ȥ
ǿĹ
˽һ߾нİĵУȴһƶֵס಻ʮ꣬Ϊ裬µ˺εȵز
סǣ
һʮȥֻϷͨԪ˹Ȼ񣬵ʤ˶࣬ǺģҲҪˡ
ʱںҽɽϷӦһӼԶâ죬ּһ뵽ʲôߵ׷ǰλϣˣ׽ȥһʱҲԸԭ֥С

ףе˿ԶɽͷȥǱ߹âһߵЩ򵥣ǵȻʱ䣬Ҫͻ볤ո͹
á
Ҳٶԣ̴ʮǱߵɽͷȥˣȵʱȴʮΧˣƣǼʮȻѾסˡ
ӣӦҵˡ
δһʱԶϢȻҲע⵽ʮϢ˿̲ԥһ𿪵ǰߵߣ㼴ɽȥ
Ӧʮ˼Ҫߣһ˲չȥǰӵ˶ǰߣЦλѣ


0213 ɵ
ÿ
̬Į˪Ӧ΢΢һЦʱ˴˲ЦӦ£ﻻȡϵǧ֥֪Σ
Ŵһ˽һԭ¹ӱӦҵӦ£˳ƹ£ӦҲҪץһԳ۽ڻҪǧ֥
Ⱥ˵¹ӣǧ֥ɲСӵģҵԸߣȴС˸ա
Ӧû˵ˣǺЦĿһϡ
һ̳ȴҲ֪ǰ˵ı£ûоԵܹӶԷǻ֥ǿԴ˿ֻʱ䣬Ⱥλϵ
ÿ
ӱˣ˹Ҳƽ޹ɱžĸҲԲܰѻ֥ȥ֥ϵϵɣһδηѾ˼ȡܹˣ
Ӧ΢΢һЦѲٿһ£ֻҪ˵ڵģӦδò֥ȷʵ
˵꣬Żδǰ߶ȥʮ˼״ȥһӶǿ㣬ҪƲԳԷƣ
ǡ
δ뵭һЦЩˣҲ֣ҪҲ˫ԸѵԸͳ˾ƲԳԷƣӦôӣ˶ˣĪǼǧǰ
㡭
ǺӵʱһӦĳ𼶱ķǻ˼綼УԪŵأ֪Ҳֻǰۣҳơ𡱶֡
Щ˷ϻһÿ䣬ǿг忪ʮ˵Żδȥ
Ӧ¼״һȥһȴǶĹԪһһƷʱȥ
ÿ
һ˲㽫ӦǹƷɢˣͬ䱾ڣǱòȥ΢΢һԭֻǴΪȴû뵽ԷĿǰĵУ޷ֵס
ʮ˼״һ˲Լɽˣҫ۶Ŀһȫָ
һ˲䣬ȴһ̧һɲǱ㽫ʮɽ˰УҲá
ʮ˲Ȼһ˿ɽȻԼʹǱһӲסһ㡣
ԶЩʼ׷ˣһҲվԭزǲѿ޳ΪҪɱӦʮ˿ν׾١
˵һ飬ٲÿݹ顭
סʮ˵ɽһֻһЩʱܻʮ˵ɽ˱Ե޹ȥ˹žһʱɱžǴ粽ˡ
СҪ嶯
ս֮ʣǺ󷽺ȻһߵֻһһýȴӦΪϵ֮ĳϡ
һºȻϵĸ֣շǵûлӽˣԶǼʮ߶µľƣѷֵܲˡ
ɿʮ˵ɽ֪ʱߣȻףǴҪΣ
ߵҵΪСѣֻ뻻ȡСеǧ֥Сκ󣬶
˵ˣ֥ỻ
һ̬ȼԶ˶е΢΢һû뵽ϵĸ֣Ȼ˺η壬Īһɽ
ⲻ֪ϵ߹ȻǿҲӹɣʲô֮ǴŵλϣһΪǵǷ켫ӵͨ쳹صֶΣ
Ĳ˵һӣҪɱǰϵߣҲǴ´࣬ӵͽܣһϵߣ㲻Уᱻס
һ̣ձøӱˣԱߵǰһɫҲһ±Щ˵СǼó֥ˡ
δһЦ֥Ҷõ˵ҪҪôɱžĹأǶµģ
ŴԣɫӺˣȴһµǰߣĿȻͣϡ
ϵĸ֣ȻܾСֻǲ֪ΪΣʼոеЩǰˣǷ˱һ˽ǿȡԷ֥Ϊ˻
Ȩ֥֮ʹû˻֥ɿԻָֻҪ໨㾫ʱˣƽ޹ǵһǽΣ֪ļɵ
˿ܹȷ˱ûʲôھͿɱˣȻǿȡ֥
ߴ˿ȴûôĹǣԷϽ֥ƺںĹˣһ̧һɿϢ˳ȥԶЩߣҲеһϢ
˵һ飬֥ȥ
ɫȻʮֿˣȻѾǿȴأȻ壺ǲء䣬Ҳһתƪ
һɲǣƾ䣬Ϣ֮֯£ԶֻеһѹϮһ̣޷ˡ


0214 

Զ˶ţһϵĸֿ⣬Ա߻δ΢΢һӡ
ֻ󳤷Ȼǲʲôˣһ˲䣬㽫ƪת˼ޡ
ûϵǰˣϢ˹£⾿ʲôһϵߣҲܵһ˿ѹȡ
Ա߼״ԭԸͻҲ˲ôˣȫϢһһѹʱֶ
һɲǣϵֵϢѹȣǺߣǸеϢ˿˵Ҫ˹ֿŲŲҲ첻ˡ
ϵľѹơ塱İеĸ֣˽£ҲԵֵס˿µ壬ʹƪһҪֵסϵֵ壬ͬ԰쵽
ӡ
Ա߻δƲԣһ˲ͷɻɡ࿹ҲԵֵ˿ϵֵ壬˽ȥսش
֮ʱڴ˿ӵϵڵߣҲڱʥǰ壡СӣҲ˷֣һˡ
䣬һɿֲϢʱӿɢ˳Ȼ˿һ壬ǿ
һɲǣƾ䣬ӦǼʮ˵ʱ׹ԨһĪ־˲Ӹͷ˽˫ĿԲһ̱ǿֲϢţҲٶһˡ
㡭
ӦȻҲһ˲ܵѹȣһ̿˫ۣ׹ޱ޾ıԨһҲѲһĿ־壬Щߣ޷ˡ
ÿ
䣬һɲǣͫ·âǿӵ壬Ӧҵʱֻеһϣһ˲׹˱亮̶Ҳȥֿȥ
ߡ
һߣҲٶ̴ͣŻδɽȥˣֱ˵Ӱʧϼ֮УϵѹȸУʧ

㷽ŵǹѹȸѾʧˣӦҵһԾЩɫɷףʧʣҲţոڶԷͫǷ·𿴼һµ޷Ĵڡ
ϣ˿µһϢʲôˡ
֪˱϶亹ʪˣֹ˺Ƭ̣Ӧ²ľ˹ŶˣСһ䣺ϡ
ʱعŷֱѾ亹ʪһƬ߶˶ʧʣҡҡͷҪȥ׷ԺҲҪȥǴˡ
ֱڣոһĻǸеЩľѾϵľ磬ƽȴδܹƸղǰµѹȡ
ܸոǹϢ˵ģʲôԸȥһµĴڣԸӦһ鷳ոնԷʵе񣬾һӦе

֮⣬Żδ룬ɲʩչ˼£ٴδ˿ӵСӣʹҹζ࣬ոһº̫ʱ䲻ٰˡ
ǰٹˡ
һٶˣʹӲҲ飬ΪоõֽˣһεɣԤϵġ
ڣʮĻƻ裬뻨δֻУٶȻصɽʹӼǻһ仰ǣ𣿡
಻ԣһӣĻ֥˳ȥӽסɹĻ֥ص˵ͷûɽǧ֥
֥ˣôӳô
ʱҲӻˣӣ䲻ȵصÿÿǰ߲ʵӣǻ뵽ǸСŮ
ӵһЦػʥǰӦ֪Ҫҳ־ˣһҪ
ߣ
һ䣬õĵһȣȣھͿˣ㲻ã
ЦȻá
һͨˣδӵĵڶı֮˲ȣΪ˾ңҲҪˣڶȻҲͨˡ
΢ЦûڶҲͨˡ
δ˿ŵǱ˵˵ʲô

һ̣ϵЦʧˣӿȥػʥǰ֪ʲô
˿̵պȻЩĪδһҲɵý΢΢üʵʲô


0215 
ǹž֮˲ȡ
ڽһ˵˳δ΢΢һ㶣ǹž֮˲ȣˣӲǹžˡ
Ǻܿ죬㷴Ӧ˹ЦҲͨˡ
Ŷ
תͷȥ˻
δЦ˵ǹž֮˲ȣɣӱ켫ĵӡ˵գȥ켫óӿ
಻ԣнǰµ˸켫ȡ˳š޳֣ö켫ȴ޷αġ
Ӳ䲻ȵȻ켫ˣӿԾ𣿡
ҡͷһЦתʥǰ㵱ΪҲ֪ʲô𣿡
ʲô˼
ӵ񽥽ЩˣӵһЦߵߣصһʦӣǰΪһħŮѳʦţԶһ
˵˴ӿȥЦʥǰ˵Ŀд
һɲǣȻδ벻һӾʲôˣö̶һµʱ䣬㽫ӵݲǰǼµϸδܲܲ鵽ݣʮֿˡ
΢΢Ŀ⣬ĬӵһЦȥĻ֥ݻ˻ȥ㲻ǹžˣҲġ
ȵȣ
δһֵǰߣӵΪβһǷǹž֮˲ȣ켫ĵӣѵɱž𣿡
ӵһЦǲӺٺЦһ겻ȴǰ˺ܶš
ңǰˡ
ЦЦȥ˴˿ԣǻ˶ǰľ¡
ӵŪһ顣
Ŷ
ӿЦҪ˵ʲô
ӵʦûҲǴɳĮǱ߹ûȴδرԪˡ
ŴһǱ仰ʲô˼
δǺȻһ뵽ʲôɫԪ֪ǶʮǰӴӹŴµӤȡһӤֻǹŴһͨͨճӤ
һ̣ҲĬںȵʱҲɹ溸ĸĸδǹŴһũŴһҹѪɺӣһɰ
ɵأܽ⿪ӷһֵĻȴ¼˷ˡ
ãӲŵ֪Ϊ£㲻پɳĮһߵˣСӣδرԪˡ
˵˴ͣһּҲ֪֥ãڻ֥Ѿˣֺαִš
ãҾȡ
һתȥſʱֻعͷʱ˵գһȥˡ
棬ȻվԭزδȥɣŸղŵ£ԼԼʲôˣ
δĬ䣬ҡҡͷʾⲻҪȥˣһеϵκ˵
Ƭ̺Ůӣ˴һͥԺʱҹĻһ½ɽۣʹӳԽξ覡
Ҳ¹⣬ڴ̨ߣᴵһư׷
һ䡰ȻɣôܹκõˣһȥҲ֪Ҫȶòٳ˭ҲԤϡ
ڣϵˣĵǿӻƻʱǾ仰Լʲôˣ
Ȼ䣬ϴɳĮ淢ֵƬϹżǸֵʯ̣ÿһŶʲôΪ·ܹŲѪĸӦʦһöѪһУô¡

֪ʱȥˣһʱϵֿʼˣδķתϧʱѹƷɣòײŵȵ磬Ůӣ޳ȥ
δջعŴ˿ϵüͷһЩλԵȣϾͳ˵꣬תͷӣһȥ
˵ʲôֹʲôҲ˵ˡ
һȥ棬ŮǰҲγˣһ·ĬֻҪϵκˣ㲻ĵԼǴ˿Ҳ֪ΪΣܸоβ̫˳һϵ̫ˣҲ͸
Լһһ棬δһеһɺ˿δ룬Ҫˡ
á
δ˵ͷһ̿ǴδйվԭأĿǺȥһȥͲ֪Ҫòٳˣ£򡭡޷ơ


0216 
ӡ
һĄ̊́ףδڻ̲סǰ׷˼
תһ̣ԺһĻĻֵģǵԪҲһ£ɱžԼ߹ÿһ·
ǹĲٵɽٵ켫ɽׯҶ׷ɱȥɽȥɽ
һ·Լߣһ·ԼȴҪȥϣߡ
δ롭
ָδܡ

δִ˵ȥҡͷһʲôʱ򡣡
ش˶վԭسĬˣ˺һŮӲŵȺ򣬲ʱ޳
ָջתһ̨ȥˣҲͷ࿴һۣٻͷ޷Ҳֻͽ˸аˡ
δ뿴ʧڹıӰӣ˺˳ҾȥѵŪһУȫŪ
ڣ߽ڶʮŮʩ֮£Ĵų׷ˣҲ޷򿪣Ҫʩڼܲκδţ˶Σ
棬֣˳һȥľͷֻһ亮ƵıӱĿһ̨֮ϣȺĵ
ˡ
洫Ӳ䲻ȵһȥӾõˡ
ӻۣǸ߽ӣʵҲǰӳ˺棬ɾȻܳŵԶһھȻʤǺģ


̨ǰ֮⣬ӵеɣԹ߽񣬴йҽҲûκμأ۲죬Ѱ֮
ˣˡ
أȥ°ɡ
Խ£Ҳԥ˫΢һӡʮָ֮ʱ⣬˲仯ǧ˿ƴϸѨ

һƺߣܵҪ˹һ̣ȫ·һʧȥȫҲ˲
Ҫ˹ҵı˿
ǡ
ԱۣɣӣôǰӣҲûкԼɡ
һʱǣǧ˿Ҳǧ˿ڣȻ䣬ֻ˫üһ壬ȻǷľǱˣƾΪٸߣҲϣֱãܲ
һֻ̣˫üԽԽвַ֣ԣѵ
Ȼֻۣɫ쳣أʵϣǺģ
ȻʵԼľҲۣصµһλѡ
ѣ
üͷһøˣλ˭Ǻɵˣ
⡭
˿ʵ溣ɵ溵ͻȻһ˵ҽԼ˵ôأȫϣҽҲ޷ȴԼκãѰҽܹ쵽ģ
ɹ溵ǰ˭Ϊʦһ죬ڣȴܸӣ˵λѣǹžˣҲδžӲʶ
ӼԸ˵Ŀɻ󣬵Ҳٶˣǧҽַͨǲһϵַδرǡű䡱֮ˣԼ̫ˡ

ҹһ𣬽ɽʹӳյø覣δڹһ±ߣ˫֧ã̧ͷ£·£Ҳʱ¹ӳյϾڡ
ոĳ˴ˣĳȥ˵ԪǱ߳ʲô£ںˣһδһշȥ
̾һ·ʱص¹⣬Ҳ΢ﻯؽⲻĳ
ʱ䲻֪ȥһ£ʱ뺮ɽƮѩñһǰӺˡ
һ£Ӳ֪ȥʲôطҲδδʼʹȺÿһձȥ濴ǹһǰûһ˿򿪵ļ
˿̣ںֻ̨ϣӸˣü϶һ㱡ıм˾Ҳ˺˪⺮ǧһ
ãӲɢϵıм
ʱһ£˿ϵѾָƣҲȻЩ²һģκƷα겻αûκãʹκˣͬٴ÷ɡ
ҲۣʵӿѾҵɵķ
ӿþòӣ˵أѰƷ¶ûˡ
ãżҡҡͷ˵ֻһ


0217 
˵ֻһܹκԼϵɣҲɵüʵʲô
ġ
ģ
еȫһδҲ̫˼ˣȴʼվֹˮûֻ㻻һģܳסκáϵɡ
ȵȡ
ǾЩ˼飬ġѵҪһű˵ģ
ǿ˿̵ɻҡҡͷҪ㻻һű˵ģѰ֮˵ģܻϣ˼򵥱κϵɣλң
Ҳǣʵӵ˼ǣ
ӵ֮治УҪһһ޶ġġ磬֮вľõľģһҪġ
ľ
ɻˣӵû֮ɾɾһòΪľľ֮ģ滻ģֻЩϹʱڵ񻰴˵ĴУǵľĿǰΪҲ޷Ƴһ
Ӵ˿ԣǺ壿

ӿֻǸ㣬Ѱ˵Ĳ滻ϣΨ⣬һ޶ģܹ滻ģ˷񻰴˵ĸľ֮ģϻһֶһ޶ģԻġͬ滻ġ
ġ
΢΢üδ˵֮ģϵص
ӵϹأⲻģȷʵ䣬ܷҵģǾ͵ÿ컯ˣȻ˲ģϻġһţһұ㻻ġ
˳˼صģȴһ޶ֻһţããؼ䣬ҪȥѰңܻģҲ޷ԼκɣĪԼ
ɷӣϵķɣζ𣿡
ǰΪΪƪΪԼű֮ɣǴ˿̣Ҳ˼򵥣ͬ飬ͬͨǻһˣδػᱻɡ
ӿҲǰһ漣ȻӵŲϧƫƫȴ֮ķɡ

Ĭãֻһ仰
ҵ
û
˶˳ĬãӲֵҵһеģɸۡҶ֪
ۡ
û뵽ҪҵһеģǼ֮ˣҪľȻдۣĪԼ޷ĵ
ӵǻģǸУ紵嫣Ƿܿ⡣
ӵ˼Ҳģôɣ
ɡ
ӿʮֿ϶˼Ƭ̣ȻЦЦȻҲա
˿̺Ȼ÷ƵӲüʵ㲻㻻ˣҲˣ
ҽܹҽߣ޷һκãǱΪԶĽᣬڣӺ뽫κã뿴е漣᲻ϡ
˳⣬ΪҲҪԹħг棬ʹȻӲ޻
˵꣬һӿĿȻһֲһ
Щҽ֮ˣһҲã֮ҲãЩ˶ǼؿԼκãϧһдۣҲһֶΣⲢ֣Ϊһ˵ıܣȻǰӣȴЩ˶һ˵
˿̣뽫ǰκˣκʱ򣬶һκãҽ߱ģϸ˵Ĳˣ޷κãվĽᡣ
Ȼվ΢΢ҾҾ֣ʱˣ಻š
ȵȣ
ҪߣӺȻֹס߳ȥ꣬Ԫͻ֮¿ݽߣʱ򼴱ҵǿһ޶ģʱҲѻ췦
ǡӻа취
ͣӿȥڡ
ڣ
û
΢΢ͷ˵˴Զоɽٶȹ죬һʱڱִܵڣһҶ࡯ҪһŻҶӣڵķɡ
ڡҶࡣ
û
ӼҶӣӵ䲻ֻ֮һӣܹڵ֮öڣٿʮʮֻҵһ޶ġġܹȥ֮⣬


0218 
˵֮˿ҶӣԵԼڵɣ̺֮ӣҲһˣƽ޹ʵؽӸ
ǿ˿룬㲻Ըȥԣ
ҡҡͷϸһ·δԼܣҪȥڣԷϸҶӣҪʲôҪδԼһˣ
˰ˣְһˣЩʱȥδɵ飬ҪҲҪȥ󿴿ʦ
ӵ˺֣ȵЩˣǶǲһеҪƴȥȡֻһ˿ãϣлȥĻᣬΪβȥȡԣĪУѱ˲Ҫ
һĬȻǶͨ˻߶ԣҪģǶԣֻǻҪˣȥ
˿̲ӵ˵ͷãҸˣξ޷ԤִҪߣڱȥ
Щգˡ
˹֣ҪתȥӲüһ㡭
ȹˣȴδ˵ˣ˿Ҳ֪ˣϧ
ڣ˻뿪˺滨δҪȥȴŴ򿪵һ㵣תȥֻ˳
ô¡
δ벻ɵ΢΢һӾֶͨΣҲڶ̶һڱκɡ
֪鲻˼򵥣첽ȥʵӣ㡭ˣ
ּԱЩ֮ɫ϶鲻򵥣ʵӣϵɡ𣿡
δ룬߰ɡ
ص
ȵȡ
δ뽫ưϣһע룬ʱ֪ɲδκãɵһӿȥӣô£Ϊ
δ롣
ȥִҡҡͷѾˡ
˭˵Ҿˣ
ûؿһۣʱԶһźɫ۵ӰƮ˹ô£
ȴһ£ѰĿӣոպûʱȻ״̬Ȼδҵʵ
ߣ˿ӿȥѵҲûа취
˿ͻδȻ֪ڵɲ֮ǰ򵥡
һ
Ƭ̺󣬵˴棬ӱ㽫鶼˵ˣ֮󣬻δ˶ԭأһһ޶ġ
Ա߿ҲüȻû֮ǰɣҪĵĲʲôһ޶ģȥûҶӣСһɣԼϵķҲӲ˻ˡ
²˳٣ڼ̶ǰڡ
תؿЩ鷳ˣʵͣҲûʲôǻҶ֮УһֻпСӵ컯ˡ
δҲع֣صصӣȥڣΣҪһԡ
ѾҲҪõöҶӣֻҪöӣӴ㲻ɵĥʮʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ҵһ϶һ޶ġġˡ
ûУ
˵δקק䣬ٴ˵ֲ֪Էֻõ˵ͷ
˱㼴Ǳӣ̶ǰڣ·Ͽֻص˻֪ͻδ룬ڷһż壬һȥڣҪȻʵ˵ĿģûпõҶӡ
ͻδһɽĽ紦ɽ㵽овڵɽҲԶˡ
ջƻʱһɽЪϢƬߣȴȻɽһд
ֻԽԽңҲԽԽƺ٣δ˸ƣꡭӣߣȥ
һɽһ߷ȥϷֻƿʱʱнȴʮΧסˡ
ˣһǸӣһɫѺƵķɽһ𣬶һȴòʮŮһСȹӣһ߲ӣҲѷɽһԵóޱȡ

üһǰʶŮȴ𽣬
ʶΧ˿켫ˣᵥܵˣʮΧ
Щ˳ֺ棬δ˿̿ЦЦһۣСñ۸ˣȥæ
ȵȡ
һ죬һɲǣƺΧʮˣϢЩ̫Ѱ


0219 

һ̣δҲˣʱѹɣ࣬˿ɽ·ΧͰӵʮˣƺҲһ޵
Щ˲ϴԼԼҲ˿ǰӶˣҲĵУڶԷѹ£ܹסɽȾʮֲˣҪܡ
СѾͷ಻Уʱȫƾǿ߲ӣܵסЩ˵Ͱˡ
ֻʮ˵ĹԽԽȻУһҪ˵ͬʱһ߻ҪǱߣ֧š
ٺ٣˵ò飬ǰ׽ȥ˵˻ǣ
ʮԽԽȻ䣬ѺƵķɽǰնȥǰæ߶ɽȻȴδסԲһϮһ±㱻˳ȥ
ʦ֣
𽶸Ȼһۼܴ˸ɫһףǺһײѪȻ˵òᣬֻԼǰ˼£һ߼㲻Ҫңߣ
ٺ٣ߵô
˳𽹥˹ֻǴƬƬĺǵؾʱŵɫɷףֻæ䳾顱
һɲǣֻȻųߵɫ⣬һ±㽫ֶĺֵ棬Ȼ˼ϵöԷĿģ
ģ˺󣡡
һ¿˴գϸǱò԰ˣҪȥңһ±Ա˸ػ˳ȥ
ʦ֡
𽻹δӦֻǺ棬һɫ⳯ԭЩ˼ɵеķ䳾顱ʼ޷ߣ˿䳾鱻ֵǺҲûκηˡ

ǰӵʱĿѣ𽲻УһͣһУ㲻Ҳǵشɣ˿Ҫȥˣȴΰõ
һɲǣҲסˣһ˲㱻ԷĽ֣޿ɱܣ޿ӣȻɣ
Ȼʯһ˲䣬ֻһɫӰɽϷ˲ϢǰһƾָӲֵסһѴĺڽ

̫죬ŵһ±ۣȻȴһδ̵ʱ޳ĺȻԼǰɵһ¾˳޳ô㡭
һֻ̣䣬ָһ顱һʱ˴ĳֽһ˻δӦ㱻ػ˳ȥͬĺˣҲ˳ȥ
ԶǰӲ΢΢һˡĹ
ʮپһȴΪһʲôˣ

һֻ䵭һ֡
ֻһ֣ʮȴеһ˴˶һۣȻ֪˸ʲôһ»ĺϮȥ
ۼ̲ſŵʧ˳޳Сİ
˺󡣡
䵭ʴЩδҲ̫ˣֻ˫һ˲㽫ɢΣʮ˸شһȫѪ˳ȥ
ߣ
ʮ˾ŵòֻʧ룬޷Ϊߣ˸ݡһ±ȥ
ɽָƽǰʱ˹ֹסƣ漴˹˹֣лλ̨ȣ֪Ρ
ʦֱˣҸ˵޳
һ˫ۣʮ־ȵؿͻȻ·ÿΣգԷһӳֻ֣ҪԷһ֣ҲûκΣգְȫУλʦҲˡ
ӿǰԼµӣԭǸ޳Լ󣬵ΪȴԶԼ֮ϡ
Ľ𣬷Ŷл޳ֵܳȡ
ٴι˹֣Աո˲ᣬżʵʦ֣û°ɣ
ĽҡͷЦЦһСˣް
ʱɽַһӰȴǻδˣֻЦӯӯ˹ãþòѽ
ѽδҲڰ
գһ˫ˮ۾ֳոʮ˶ӵķ˿ߵɽڵܵÿ죬Ǳˡ
ּתͷͻδЦҺ޳δ㼰ʱȻҺͶʦֽҪˡ
δһЦͷ˵ЦڵС˭ѽ
Ŵԣﲻ΢΢һȥѵŮΪȴ֪δ֪ģ


0220 
Ȼ켫ɷñ𽿴ˡ
ǵ˵ĻҺ˲ܸͬоó޳ңǲʲôԲšңҿ԰㣬ҿƣҲУүүҲһܣһ֪үү˭ɣҿԸ㣬㲻ܸ߱ˣҲ߱ˡ
ϸϸԭˡ
˿̣δһڵݣϸһЩ˼ؿǰԼЩĽ㣺δ㣬ô֪ڵ˰
ҵȻǲµˡ
δһЦЦȴϸϸ˼֮ǰвҶ϶ڵˣոɽϷȴ֮ǰĲ²ȷСѾͷڵˣݸǷͬСɣŮ
˼ϸ࣬ص֮ȴʲôҲ֪֮ǰ켫˵æɵɵȥæȻѾͷŮ˭
ȴԳһСӣԵǹڽӽӣǹӽӣδɡ
ЩҲȥģǻδ˼ܲ뵽ʲô
ʱԱߵĽ˼Ҳ࣬δһڵݣв΢΢һŮӲ򵥣ʲôˣ
ԭڵˡ
𽿴ȥ˴ʱ΢գҲعͷ˼ЦЦ޳ԣԲүүҲҪݵģҲǹҪƭ
˵˴ͣͣϣҵݣԼ˵ġ
Ŷ
Ա߻δһЦЦȴֶһ˪һۣ˵֮ǰûңǻϡ
Ҳһۣʱ΢Ҳ˵֮䲢ʲô
δЦһԶɽӢͷ׿ȥ˵ңʱֲڣ˭ûʲôء
ǸǸ
˴˿ɫ΢ʵˣ޳δʲôѽϵ˺𣿡
֪˵ϵɣ֮ǰ켫ֻһ֪ȥҶӣȴû뵽ԭŮ
˿֪Ҫô˵ˣո˵ɽڵˣɽʲô
ɽڰ
Ҫ˵ʲôԱĽȴʾⲻҪ˶˵ʲôȴȥһ˫۵ʦ֣ȸƨ޳ֲʲôˣ
⡭
Ľ𲻽ЦЦ˿̱СѾͷֱ޻˵˳һʱֻЩΣǶģǻδ룬ʼվãŮʮֲ򵥡
δһµģȴô룬һЦû£ãǱ߱˵ɣҪؼ𣿡
ѽѽȥ켫ѾһԻؼһˡ
һЦʵδ㣬Ҫȥİ
δЦò²¿ҺӴ˿Ҫȥģ
⡭
Դ˰Ҳ²ԱĽЦ²£δ޳ֵܣҪȥڣ
ȻЩˣѽһ˳ţԭ޳Ҫȥڰ̫ˣ
δЦ˵ز˾뿪˵ɡ

Եһ˷ܣ޳ȥˣϧ֮ǰһֱûлᣬã
ĽЦɽҹգʱ޳ûҹﲻ˸·磬ȥǰߣЪһ߰ɡ
δȥһЦĽ˵
˿̶΢ԱҲˣĽ䣬˵ɫ˵޳δ㲻ˣ㲻Ҫš
ĽһЦְ˸֣޳ֵܣδ롣
ǰѰһɽڶ˸ѣͣ˵ʲôĽһ˳ȥˣҹʱŻȻԳȥڴѶ
ȥôòŻʵɽڵ飬үү𣿡
Ǿȥ
ĽһЦ˻ǰɽڵΪλͻȻ⽻ɽ±زѰɽڵ飬ȻҲͻδһ˻ȥ
ŶŶ
˵ͷƽʱȥһ治µģɽڣȴ֪ݶϷ
˿̣˶ֻǻﲻϷž죬˺һĽͻδ뿴ȥ΢΢һЦ֪޳ֵδ˴ȥʲô
һ̣պȻֱЩ΢δһЦҲʲôˣЦѰһ


0221 ɽ
ɽȻҲ˵Ľʵ֪δԣǺ
Ҷӡ
δҲֱԲص˳ĽѲµʲô˿ϲʲôԱ仯Աߵһ˵ҪҶӡ
һ̣ȻЩ𾪣ڵˣȻ֪Ҷζʲô޳ҪҶʲô
Ȼ䣬ϴ켫ʱ޳ƣԭˡҪҶӵ
Ľȥֲô֮ǰ˿޾ɽЩ˵ԭڣҲһѹָոЩ֡˵Ҷӣ£뼸λ̫Ͼ
ȻҶӶǷ˵˱ˣһ̣ƽҲĬˡ
֮ǰʲôѣ뾡һа취ϴ켫ϵүүƣڣ⻨Ҷӣеѣ²ҵġ
޳
𽿴˫ü΢΢ţ֮ǰôµͷȴһ취ҲûУвЩѹʧ䡣
ҡҡͷ뿪ʹʱϣ㲻ȥڣܷõҶӣҲǿ
ûû¡
˵ӣֲҡ֣æ˵һүү˵ģϵˣүүһа취κãβãһҪҶӵĻҲȥүү˵үүƽˣֻҪҿڵĻ
˵꣬ԱĽ䣬ҡͷʾⲻҪ׳ŵ⻨Ҷӣ˵ܸġ
ҲͷȥǰĻ˵ˡ
δЦ޷飬ҶԻ˵ʹĽֺΪѵġ
ǡ
̧ͷ˵ʲôһ뵽үүȨ⼸̫ϣϾǱһˮĬĬͷȥ

ҹȥ棬ҹĻ£ֵɽޣ¹ֶ˼˿׷
һ
δ벻֪ʱתȥһ覣ԭӦǵͣȴԼϵķɣϣЩҲһ֮ȥꡣ
δ롣
˹ȥ¹覵ӣòŵ㲻̫ģʹûлҶӣķƪⷴδزѹ

δ˵ͷȴףȻ˵ֻлҶӲܵϾûܹڵˣҪƾΪǿѹ̸ף
ξ𽣬ҪõҶӣȫˣ𽣬óСѾͷʵҪֻǸĽȴ˵ˣʼһֲõĸо
峿˼ɽȥһֱ󣬷ŵִ
ɽ´ֻٻţȪˮˣ̧ͷȥԶɽ࣬ƣ·ɾһ
ڶ߷һߵɽ壬ɽֱ䶥ڵɽˡ
ϺɽԲʮȴǰٻ򣬴ݺ裬˼һ
ۣڻ
Զûɽ壬Ե쳣˷ܣһδؼңʱ򣬺֮á
δǰ˼Ŵ˵صﻨ㣬ĸӦһܱ⣬Ȼܵ˴˵һɷǷֻǲ֪ΪΣȴ־Щ̫Ѱ
޳޳
ֻ˷˻ָԶɽ壬Ц㿴Ҽˣ
˵֮ʣɽϺһɫýһߣһ»ֽ˳幫
С𽣬
ڵ棬ͷһЦһɷǣϢǲڵϳӡ
ҿȥһ꣬СѾͷ˲ٰ
ưϣϵͷЦУ뵽ȥ뿪ʱ⻹Щ켫ĥһ꣬ȴǼࡣ
ϡ
ʱĽҲųӹ˹֣΢ЦŴк

΢΢ףĿϣ˱Ǹ޳Ǵ˿̸˵ĸоԶǹžЩӵܿɱȣСѾͷȻ۹ⲻֻԱŮӡ

һЦ˵幫Ҹ˵Ҹ˵ҳ˵޳Աߵǻδ㡣
δһЦǰ΢һҾ֣δ룬ǰ


0222 

ӵ˵ͷЦǰɽлλСѳʹСѾͷա
һЦֺߵǰҪ޳ͻδ㼰ʱҺͶʦֿ϶ץȥɽˣɽڵˣԽԽˣҰ
˵һ˫ۿųӣص幫Ϊʲôɽڵ˻ߣүү֪𣿡
΢΢񣬿û¾ͺã¸˻켫
Ŷ
죬幫ֲԼÿʲô£үүҲԼ˵ԼôҲڵ˰ѵΪԼСԶԼ﷢ʲô
ԱĽĬȻ벻ȴ֪ɽڵ˺Ȼɽߣµı󣬾Ѱ
ӵˣȻ޳СδЩձҲˣߡ˵գһ̧һżɽȥˡ
ɽ֮ϣĻľøӷʢˣ·ɽһŨţ棬ȴһһĽ󷨡
Щ󷨣濴ȥһƬһƬɽƣóȻ룬ҲЩڡ
棬ֻһŽɹ¥һеĽ֮ϣеƶˣȥǻԻʹҲضˣֻǶԱ֮£߷ġա͡䡱
һ㳡ϣĿֻһߵƫֱΪŻ
ԣ͸һɼ֮Уֻһۣܸܵڵɷ
ӿ뼸λڵ£ȥŻ

ЦȻڻ˼ңĻ켫ǰͿһ·ϣֻڵĵӹкҲвע⵽ͻδ룬вЩɻѺþòͣ˭
˾ŻϣӷԸдͻδˣֽ𽰲ٺãŴҴȥˡ
˼ǲнЩˮҲûһ£Ц޳δ㣬ҼңǲҪѽЩĿɺóˣǳһѽ
δһЦδԵöôֻһԣһԲһڣЩнοˣǲԵ̫⡣
ĽһЦĲյЦ޳ֲؾ롣
˵֮ʱȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲֻһò˼Ҵ˽
ѽףѽ
һ´˹ȥǷҲһ½סҿһëһżʵû𣿡
ûû£ײҪġ
𽲻ҡͷǰˣĸϣŰŮǰɽǱɽڵˣЩһҲûĺϹۡ
֪жൣΪʲôλҲǰ˵һһ
˵˵۾ˣ𽿿ײҪѾˡ
ʦ
ʱĽҲͷ˹ɫЩţô£ɽڵˣ
Ľͷֵѧղš
˰ˡ
ҡҡ֣̾û±ãԺͺúʦѧ죬Ҫˡ
ǡס
Ľ˵ͷҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
ͻδ뿴ȥȻ֪˭ЦǾ޳δ㡣

ϵͷһЦǰ˼Ŷ΢Цǰɽл޳δȡ
δӯӯһЦˣ˵켫Ҳ޳ʦá˴תͷԱߵȥȻЦݡ
ãá
ϵͷ΢Ц켫ϵǶ֮䣬ֽһЩ
ֱҹĻʱδϷԸͻδ밲סޣԷĸŮһ겻棬໰Ҫ˵
һ½𽿿ĸ׻Уŵףǲǳʲô˰Ϊʲôһˣүүңǰɲġ
һЦϵĳûµģ¸㰲Ļ켫ˣ飬үүԻᴦ
ﲻ
죬̧ͷףǲʲôңΪʲô֮ǰͻȻ뿪ţȥ켫ء
ҡҡͷǵˣҪ˺㰲켫ױˡ˴ʵˣǸ޳ʲôϵ
ʲôʲôϵ
𽽫ͷƫ֪Сֹʲô
֪ŮĪĸܿСС˼ֻ仨ģˮǷҲģвɵ̾
תͷصףмҪ˵
ʲô£

ãǵ޳еķɣһҪһҪҶӣ
ʲô
Ŵԣɫһ¾ͱˣȻҪҶӡ


0223 ɽΣϣ

ҲȻɫʵסô˰
ûûʲô
ҡͷЦЦɫָܿ糣Ц֪㵣ƣ֪Ҷζʲô𣿡
֪Ҳ취
һСţһȥСҪүүſϰѻҶø޳οأҪĻҲˡ
ʱģ̲ס̾ȫ޳ŵգԷҪҶڶϲܲ飬ֻǴ֮󣬹һ˵Ҳ㡣
ĸŮ˶˵ˣͬʱڴֻŽգˣĸߣһͷ׵
˶üǵ֮ˣֻһ̴ɫۣ뷢ףڵҲүүࡣ
ˣڵλ̫ϣհǸҲڣˣλȨصˡ
˿˶ĬϵҲ쳣̣ڳǰϣֻƬѾήҶӡ
Ҷ඼Ѿʼήˣ顭Ϊܹã
ʱߵһߺȻ˵ˣ˫ü棬䣬ڵĶϳơ
ԱߣǸȥʮİ׷һ̴ľȣڵĳϣߣ˳Ϊš
Ӽǵûȥ궬죬ҶήҶ궬죬һ¾ͿήҶ
ۣ˵ţͣһ˿ȥ˵ʲô
ֳĬˣãұߵһ߲ŵ˵ɽݽߣһɽжϣɽǵ˲ʧȥԴʱ򻹻ڣݽߡ
һ֧ڵ峤ϣ˳ơĩһλ£ȴ˿ø塣
ͣһֻһݽߣʱɽķͽƶʧЧɽڱػ˿ֲɹ
ٴĬλ϶ϵȥҲĬŲãʦѡڴ˴壬ǧ꣬ʦĵ˵˵ԴԴϣھݽߣ񡭡
˵˴üٵΣɽصһ֧жϡ
ɽǧ֮㣬˥Ϊɽŵص׵֧һ֧жϣôʱɽͬɳĮһˮȫߣܿͽΪһƬûκϢɳĮ
񣬱濴ȥȻǿڣʵΣѣж£ǵڶֻ֪Ҷ඼Ѿʼήˣ£ֻã
˶˵ãϳӲŵǧɽ֧֮ϵʼʮȹ̣ΪͻȻжϣɷѿһ
һſ·ˣһֻɫȻ쳣ʵǿɻǵãʮǰһҹһӹʵİ׹⣿
ʮǰ
ɫأȻǵʮǰһҹһɰ׹·û˿Ԥףǵ׹ߺȴʲôҲûһǽԪŵصˡ
ǵ׹⣬ӦɳĮһȥˡ
ɳĮһߡ˵Ԫ򣿡
·ɫһ±֣΢΢ףûԪԪŵĵطʮǰ񡭡Ҳµû⼸žɱžڲ֪Ԫ򡣡
⡭
·һ±ɫΨ峤Ȼɫģص˵Ĵžÿžһȴ֪ڱԪֹ
ԭˡ
һ£λڶˣΪɽͻȻжϣΪɱžѾԪȥɽ֧ȻҲͻжϣǿнϵһӲһ
λңǣɽжȴȫֹ
ٴü˼ãŵжϣ໹ʣһʱ䣬Ϊ֮ƣֻ


0224 ɽΣ£
ʵʲô
һһ֮ڣ˰Ǩ㣬ѰΪڼҪܿɽڵˣЩѡ
ⲻɡ
ϳҡҡ֣նصҪ˴ģǨ㣬Ҳ˵ܷѰһ֮أҲȶʱɽڹʱڻҺս
ҹڡ
࿴ˣڶǡ˵˴üͷøˣ˶ѻ˵ꡣ
ڶǶʦ󡯡
󡭡
һΣһ侲Ҳ΢΢ɫǵʦµһ󣬴ɷסһȻҲܽɽ͵֧һһ㲻ٵжϣɽݽߡ
ǣͬСɣҪˣвĽ֣οҪڣҲûôˡ
Ϊǿ󣬵ʧܵĻʱʧأ֮£ɽһɲǻҷû˻
ڶʵ̫գĿǰûôǿ֮ˡ
ٴ˾þõĳĬն÷ǻֱǨȥ
ã峤Ȼʵ֮ǰȥ켫һ꣬Ϊˣ
ô
ҡҡͷڵǹԶ÷󣬵ǹû˿ѵļ󣬳ǡ
ͺϣʹѣô˵
ˡ
˵ͷɫȴ¶ЩΣŸʮ꣬δЩˣҲͬСɣȴδһ¡
Ĭһ̧ͷ·ʵ˵ʱ˻ɽô

ӵ˵ͷһ޳һлδ롣
Ŷ
Ŀ⣬˵ϴŻʱм޳ƷΣ
ӵвһ·ϣͦϲӣӦƷжһ֮ˡ
ô
۰룬˼һʵǴڣк£
˵޳еǿķɣʱҪҶӣܵܡӡ
ˡ
ٴĿ⣬˵ʲôϳɣ𽣬ԿɽҶӸлǰĪ𣿡

ҡҡ֣һ뵽ʲô˵ӣ㰲һ£մҼ˵
Ӳ֪Ǻ⣬޳һǼ飬ʲôΣҲ⻨ҶӣҲԷһ棬̫ʡ
գͻδȥŻ֪үүҪ˵ĸˣҲһ˾ŻֻҪүүϼôҶҲͲˡ
˿̣ڵϣգЩнıǰЦүү֪ϵˣ㲻صģȻҲýţүүܺãһ˵λϣѻҶӸġ
Ա߻δȻһЦ˵Ҫлˡ

𽲻ҡ֣æ˵δ޳ȻĻҺͶʦֿ϶ɽЩˡ
δ䣬ȻһŲȴǳ⼸λˣתȥүүλ幫ˣ˷˹ȥүү
СԶˡ
Ҳһ簮СŮˣŲؾأűҪúţվűҪվֱ
һ겻㳤ˡ
࿴ǰѳСѾͷϵͷ΢ЦӡʼնǸµСѾͷ벻һ겻յСѾͷԭͤͤĶˣĳˡ
үүүү޳
ЦȻŲǰһ֮ϣҲ滹˿ţųǱ߹ȥˡ
ͻδոռ˵ʱʩһ񣺡޳
δ룬ǰ
δһЦҲѧŴ˿ӣ˹֡

΢Цʶ޴ʱֻһۣ֪ǰ˷ѰӵܿɱȣЦ޳Сѣδ


0225 
Ĺ㳡Ҳ֪ʱڵĵӣʱСۣŻǶ˾˭ȻҪ뼸λԻĪĸˣ
˭֪𣿡
˵ɽǱգ˳ȡ
Ŷԭ
ֻȺ۲ֹԶһ£վһѩŮӣŮ䵭ȥʮ꣬ǶϳƴӵŮг¶ý㡣
˳¶Զһ¥ϻվŸӣӽüĿǶϳӵĴӣгӰ
ڵ̳ˣ𽣬Ϊǿ˿ɲһǰ㣬˿ҲھԶı仯
ڵϣ뻨δѾԼλãڵף̸ȵȡ
ֱʱ󣬲ᵽϵķ֮ˣ΢̶̰ʱ㿴ǰ˷ͬѰֻǶԷʱЩⲢӰʶˣǰ˼ǳɽҰҲӵǿ˲١
˵޳Сһķ֮ˣ֪ɷҿ
࿴ҲԭˣѰҽΣĸˡ
Ǳˡ
ʾ£ȥҲվָһϣã̽ڵɣвһݣһķɣ
ֲҪҶ䣬˻ҶӣҲѰˡ
үүô
ҲվЩŵʵ
޷
΢΢˵ͷȷʵѹȥʵ޳СѣҪҶӣƣ
Ŵһһ˰Ŀﶼ¶΢΢ɫ˾ҪҶӣ
вٵӶ׷кͣѰҶӣǻҶӣֻһɲ˵˾͸˵ġ
Զµĳ¶͸¥ϵĳӰ˾ҪҶӣҲһ±ЩǶ֪ҶζʲôҲòһӡ
Ż棬ۼ˵ԽԽˣæ˵ҪûлҶӣ޳ͻģԺҶҲһүүͰһӸɡ
ϼλ϶ĬͻȻ˵ҪҶӵĻǺʻܾʱѾ˵ȿǴʱô˵
һֻ޳СӦ֪⻨ҶӣֻһǷ
Ȼ֪֪кҪ󣿡

΢΢ףĿȻϣ˼òŵ⻨ҶӣҲǾԲܽ޳СѣҲ˵
Ŵһ˲ѵĴ㽫Ҷӽزʶˣôܡ
Զ¶ͳӰɫһ䣬һһ˲˵ǰȻ˴̤֮ʱһ̣һ仰ȴͣ˽Ų
֮ڣͨʮԣʸõҶӡ
һ£ⶼʮԡζʲôܣΪٹˣҲڶ̶ʱͨʮԣҪǿͻƣΣա
֮ϣɫһ±òҰʮԣôܣүүڹ޳
ʮԣʱ䣬ھضûȥΪԶĳ¶ͳӰĿǰҲֻȥʮأҪͨʮڷ˵죬붼롣
үүѶʮΪҶӵĽ޳֪ѶˣΪûѻҶøһˡ
뵽˴һ׹Ԩүүô۰ԼԼԼΪʲôλΪʲôҪ
ԽԽѹ˫ҲˣԱĽ˫ü΢䣬ҡҡͷ
˿̣˪˵˵ĿⶼϣˣΪٹˣҲʱͨʮԵġ
࿴˵޳СѣΣ
ȵȣ
վ˳۵үү֪ʮжѣ޳ʱ䣬ôͨүүǲҶӣֱ˵ˣΪʲôҪȥա
ոˣһ˵ڴ˸˵ģҲֻ첻µزµСˡ
Ȼ˿̲ûȥĿȻϣ޳СѣҪһԣ
á
ŴʱĿ⣬Ȼֻһ֡


0226 ʮ
һáֵ⣬˵ˣĿⶼϣ˿̾룬δҲ̫Сƶʮˣ˾֮ʱʱ֪Ѷˡ
Ҳԭأؿ޳

΢΢ף˿̵ֶ˼֮ɫνĥ³÷Կຮ֪ǰ˷һ˿ɱȣĥѣһż㲻εģ
ȵȡ
֮ʱδȻλվ˳ųǷ޳ͨʮ֮軨Ҷӣ
⻰һⲻ˶΢΢üв֮¶˿̾룬ʮǰͨģδҲ̫СˣڻδͨŻҶˣ
࿴ͨʮԵĿ飬ʸõҶӡ
δ˼Ȼ仰ĺ壬ʵ˼ͨʮԣֻ֮һ滹
һһ࿴ȥǾȻδ뵽һ㣬˿̿ӣƺˡ

΢΢˵ͷŮӵ˼ܣ˵ͨʮԣֻ֮һ滹һ
Ŵԣ治СѵʮԶͨһδҲ̫ˡ
һ̲סˣһվ˳үү㵽Ҫ޳
һΣҲȥɫԱһЩĪΪҶӣǿ˵ģ
⡭
𽱻˵һ¾ˣҶӣǿ˵ġ
δʵǲ֪ɷ˵˵ڶʲô
ڶ޳СͨʮԺ֪˵塣
Ը˵δҲͲټ׷ˣֻ䲻֪ΪΣЩõԤУҪ˳õҶӣ²ףһڱ뿿ҶΣҲҪõ
࿴޳С׼ˣճʱȥɽƽڶʮԵĹԺ˸֪Сѡ

ɢ֮صͥԺҪμӶʮԣѾˣڻδ룬ҲŵԶһͥԺ
ҹһбҲ񷣬˪Զ԰¹ڻĸ׻УүүᣬѻҶø޳޳ȥμӶʮԣҪ֮ͨô
ҡҡͷһЦԭΪһ찡
ǲȻأ
̧ͷ쿴ϴ󲻸ˣô죬޳ڻô֮ͨԣ
ҡͷһЦϵͷүүôĵġ
ʲô
죬ﲻˣ˵үүƽôңֻҪҿڣͲ᲻ͬ⣬֮ǰĸ䳾鶼ˣΪʲôһȴУҪȥĸ
ɺ֡
һۣɫߵͷôúһ£ҶӣǷ޳վֻһˡ
ߣҾ֪
һߣүүͲѻҶӸϾҵѵҵûһҪ𡭡
Խ˵ԽǾίһЦ㻹ûףүүôѻҶӸλϻ»𣿳¶ͳӰ𣿡
ĸôһ˵·һЩ뵽ȥʱ򣬿¶ͳӰվ棬˵񡭡ƺȷʵЩ֡
ϼڿˣЦڣүүôеģֻҪ޳ͨԵʱүүҪѻҶӸ˾Ҳûɷˡ
ԭôҴүүˡ
һЦú˯һɣ죬ȥɽͨ޳㲻öүүľԹȡ

˵ͷ޳񵱳켫ʱһ̣ϵ˵ʮһ񵱳ڲɽһһõ˲֮

峿˶˺ɽɽȣҪεǶ
ֻ˴޽ɽϷһ죬жʮƶϣÿһһأ沼˽󷨣ϵһ죬ûƶˣһơ
ҪǶ죬Щ棬ٳ֮Ҳû˭ƾԼһ˵ʵԵȥ


0227 ֱ
˿̹в˶Сۣôδ˭Ϲڶʮ춥˵ڶʮ춥Ҫͨһصͨ
δվߣʼü΢ʵܵ϶ʮ춥
ֻһҪסƹλͬʱĽժ춥һ䡰ͨ
֪ƹȵλϣϡ׻ϡȸϡ䳤ϣλǧֻʮԣҲӲȣֻڹоΪΣǿ֪
ҪλϵĽ֮£ѾˣοҪȥժһ
δ˵һ⣬ճ˵ĵڶʼЩ֪ڶʲôϴʹһٶ඼ûã
ԶվĸԣҲָţ޳һˣǴ켫ϴβɽ֮һܴ漣
˿ЩģʮԾǵУҲû˭Ϲ춥οһҪסϵĽ޳ܹ
Ա߽Ͽ˼֣ҡҡͷ
޳С׼ˣ뽣
ʱԶһɽͷϣȻ˳ԵĻδ뿴˿ʾҪģ˫һţȥ
˽棬ΧʱӿҲԥЩ֮ˣҪ̵׼ֻ˫һŵ棬ֱǵһƵȥ

Զڵ˼һʼֱ룬вЩ棬ĪǵСƶʮԣ
һƵϽʱֻ˷߰˵ն˹䶨վȣһ˲һѳ죬㽫Щֵ⡣
ȻϵĽǿǿܹһνƳԽԽǳ
֮ǰȻѾ˽⵽ԵĹ򣬴ʱǵϽҪɣԥ˫һţգֱӶƵһƴ¡
ڰγһɫӡХ£ֻ¡һ죬ϵʱӲƾǿƳĽ
⡭
Զ˽һǷӦѽŸոһƵķ֮ڶƵȥ
һ£Ⱥˣ⾿ǼɣǸѶʮԷ
Ƕ֮ˣ˲ʤСϣĸһʼ˼ͽģ
֪һƵ㲻ʧܣԴǰڵĵӵʱʤһʼ˴Ĺ򵽺ֻԽԽ˿ģλϻδ
Ϸֻһ±˵ڶƵѸ͵ĹƣֱĿࡣ
ȻԶȴҡͷһʼ㼲ͽԪĹȴʱָȵ˵ھʱ֪ˡ
ڶƵϵǡ硱ǵϿŰƻ˵ĽУһУвȻش
ոֱӲƾǿƿ󷨣Ƶȥ˿ֱͣǿĿɿڴ
ʱʱȻϵ˵ھƵһΣ϶¶˾ɫ̶ʱ͵˵ھأ֮ˣǼδ
ؼǣʼգƶϣϱʼ䵭δֳκγЩڵһÿһ㣬ͻ¶ЦݣȻϵĺˮ֤˿ŬӦõõǵĿ϶
ĿģֻһǾǡ춥
ݣݣݣ
Ȼ䣬ֻھصƵϳһĽѾʹǴ˿Զ·ȺҲܹܵ˽
һ⣬ȻһȵĽ⣬Ҳ˲佫档
֪ܹʮأҲ켫Ļôرǡ־мΪ־ľΪ־
ڣ˵ھأؽһĳھصȵʮظҪѣвΣգҲΪʲôӶ޷ȥʮصԭڡ
ݣ
ֻ棬ԽԽܼˣܣһͷԶޣһԷѪ۾ؿǰսˣȻٽû


0228 ƽ
޳
ɽ·ָԽԽˣҲһ㺹飬뵱֮ʱ˵ھأҲͻƲˣЩɥУгϼʱȣˡ
֪޳ΪԶ֮ϣǽҲǿǿһ޳ˣǽǸΣˣ
˽֮ʱһڿȴ˲һѳ
ֻǽϰ׹󣬲ֻʶ壬ȥͬɽһ㣬ѽʵֻһͨͨѣɽҲ㲻ϣʲô
һ̣˶Ϣؿš
ӿ
ھؽȻһնȥ
һɲǣȽ⴩͸ȻԶԶڵӣҲȻеһϢƽǿǿǿĽ⣬˵ǸΪεȾ磿

ֻ촫ὣֵסĹȴ˼
滨δЩԵﰵһ亹˷ӦǽȻٴνһնȥʮ
ÿһԴſɽʯ֮Ѱ֮ܵ
ֻڵƮʱƣʱݷɣֱĿѣȴ֪ʱڱܿһĽʵȴŻѰͻơ
һƽĽȻδͣһһͣÿһὣֵػᱻȻ
ۼһγٳ޷ͻƽ±߲˶ҡͷ̾ϢȻǰԤϵһ㣬һʼͼͽڵֵסˡ
Ȼ֪˿ǰѽֻһѰǵֺ֣˿ѰҽͻƣĽƿ
ɽ·δüͷԽԽȻ֪˿ȱһܹϵɽԵֵƽĽ
ţʱʱҲδȥѰٹκһɽ
޽֮ˣûһԼɽ
δȥѰ٣ʱһֱһͨҪȥѰһͨɽ֮ѣν²£ȴʼղʡ

ʯļ촫ٴαƽĽ˳ȥһΣЩʹȥ
δ벻һġǻɡ֮вһϸԻ㺡㺽ϸᣬֻʺŮã̫֮أ˽á
ڣûһѺʵɽҪͻƽɸϼѡ
ֹһʱ䣬ֻڽ洩󣬽ɲȻʩչ˼£ζ޷ٿ塣
ʱֻȻһԾǽ콣ƶʱ£·˽һҪʲô
ѵƼˣǿͻƽȥʮزɣδҲ̫Сƽˣʲôֱ
˾֮ʣΪҪ֮ʱҲŵþ˳Ȼȴһɲǣֻת˲ʩչһ˫Ľ
ġʮر｣˿ֻһ֣ܻ
ֻУһ˲ʮ˵â׼ǽնȥ顱һ죬һűƣʱһ·˷Ӧţĸţһֱʮ˸ţһһơ
һɲǣԭƺƴ콣һ˲ɢӰھصƽˣ
˵˿̻δܻعȫĿɿڴǰУոռֻһգ۵˲䡣
ֻ˵ϣϾ½ҲδһƬŻȻԭ֮ǰڳӦƽ󣬶Ѱҳƽĸţֻҳű仯Ĺɣղһ˲
ˡʵǲС
һ̣ԭЩСˣҲҶ˵ʲôˣܹ˾ڣһУкܹ쵽
Զ¶ͳӰҲüͻƵھصʱӦƽû˾Ǻ
ʱȻ˾˳ȴǰʧȥ˹󣬶ڽϣȻѾ鲼˶ۿڣȻǸոƽĽʱµġ
һ£ȺǾϳôۿڣǾ˵ѽֻͨͨһ
ԭ֮ǰõĽͽֻһ洦ɼȻһͨڵھصƽ
һΣԶҲ΢΢ɫԭΪӵвǳܹ߹žȻҲһ֮ȴû뵽Ȼֻһͨòͨ
ӡ治
һ̣鲻ɼصͷ͸һɴδй֮ɫһΣԼûпۡ
ǽҪԵǸˡ


0229 
ȺˣδһҲȻһ̣ȫƽֻһԾʮƵȥˡ

һոôأѵָһԪȥ𣿾ֻʱ䣬һҪ˼ͽɣ
һΣҲ΢΢üһɤۣһδƽһ
ʮѣǿͻһصĽƣѵȴǵʮһء
ո棬ڶǷ󡰼硱ʮһر֡ڶʮǻ𡱣һɵġɽ
˿ֻ̣ǵʮһƵϣȻεض𣬿һƬ£ʵȴ䣡
һصġ֡ȻṥߣƳ󣬾ȥʮأʶڵĵӣͣһأҲϲȥ
Ҫƿ󣬹ƾǲеģ㹦ĵУҲǿƿ
ˡ
ۼδĲɵһѺˮʶôãȻ˽ӣǷ¶Ըȥ鷳ȫƾһɾֱײԵǼ£ơ
䣬ǹƾһɾǿг忪ģ滹ãڣһƽ
ֻһƬƬľλ仯ԽԽ죬Уһʱֻۻңһ죬һҲʩչó
ʱһһţ֪ȥһʱ䣬УҲδһ£˫ۣȥ·޼ƿʩˡ
·˵ҲԽԽˣվĸԣҲԽԽţδȥʮһأǰЩƴʱʧܸգ޳ܹƿ
֪ʱֹȥһ㣬ֻվԭأҲһ£۾ϺҲδȴ仯ԽԽ죬ģҪûһ
ô졭޳찡
Ǽֱţ·һ̱˭żȻûйȴһֱȥĻôһʱ󣬴Ҳ޷ƣսʧܡ
ôж
ȺҲвɻĪ˿ԲӦȴ򲻿ܵģ໹ʣ°ʱ䣬ٲ취ĻҲֻʧˡ
Ⱥ۲ֹʱȻ䣬ֻۣһɲǣ˫ͫ·âʶ
ڸոչȥǰʱǼ޿ʩʶ̽ÿһı仯켣һʶӡǡ
֮ƣΪÿһһţνǧ򻯣Īܲ⡣
¶ͳӰҪƴվŲȥ˼Ļһʱͻ᳹׷ֻһһѰţʱ䣬ķһʱ󣬵ȴûôʱȥġ
Ҫڶʱƴ󣬲Ҫÿһ澫׼һʶӡǣҪסÿһŵı仯λ͹켣Ǵһǰ֮֮գԪ֮󣬾Щܹ
һ̣ǵӰصһ𣬱ٶԽԽ죬ȻһУȴӲʶͷˡ
ֻ˫΢һӡͫʶâһɲǣÿһϵʶӡǣһ˲˸ӦԼԼĹâ
⡭ǣ
ÿһϵʶӡǺ·˶ʱɫ¶˾Ŀ⣬Ƕ֮ˣȻ֪ǰһĻʲôոչȥһʱ˾ÿһ涼ʶӡǣΰ쵽ģ
һ̣Ҳɵ¶΢΢ɫӽձ֣ǴԤϣܹÿһ澫׼ʶӡǣסÿһŵı仯켣˵꾿жǿѵǰô
Զ¶ͳӰˣ˿Ҳ¶һЩ֮ɫڴ֮ǰǾҲǿ˶٣ȴôΪˡ
˶̵ʱ䣬˾ܹÿһ涼ʶӡǣôģһΪδϵܹ֮
޳޳
˻ʱȻǺ޲Ҳһ±ȥһʮżϺ޳󰡣ûʱˣ
ôһ˲ŻȻѾ쳹׷ˣ˸ոΪÿһʶӡǣķ̫ʱ䣬ʱ̡
ڴ󼴽Ѿÿ涼ʶӡΣ
һҪ
ѵһ˲仯ǧٵɣ
ۼ󽥽ƽǿ쳹׷δҲ˺ˮаԡӣһֻܿԼˡδͨʮԣҲһ취õҶӡϧһдۡ


0230 Ļ
޳찡찡
վ滹ҲǼûüë˽ŵס֮ʱȻ䣬ֻ˫ֲϽӡһɲǼ仯
ʵķδϵ֮ԻɲķӰ֮ǧӰ͹⣡
һɲǣ߰˵һ»û飬ӰأȫȻ˷ֱ治ʵ
⡭ǣ
һ̣˶Ŀɿڴ˫ԲؿķǾʲô
δҲסˣˣĶŷǴڶǱطȵʱʱһʩչ
ʱһѧüֱ죿ʱʩչǧӰ͹ⴿں֣ʱ޷ӦǹħԪ֮ˡ
ʩչǧӰ͹⣬ǵ֮ʱɱȣֻ˿Ӱдʵʵд飬ʵʵֱܷ棿
һݣӹȻмֱ£ܿЩǷ⾿ĸŵĹȴδδš
˾֮ʣһ˲䣬㱻ˣ˶δӦֻԭһƬƬľ̼糱ˮɢʧ١
޳̫ˣ
ɽ棬˷ܣվԵĽҲ¶΢΢Цݣȴ룬˾Ǻᣬȴһ˱죬ʵټ

ҹĻʱϵص˵ʮƵʵ޷һ֮ڣܵϵʮأ˾˶ٱ£
ڣٸСˣոǵĳʵֻ̫գٿεǶˡ
ڶʮǻ𡱣ͬСɣʱв¾ͻǡĻ³
ʶڵϴصĵӣΪٸߣҲҵģΣҲἰʱȣȥĻҲͬȣ˴Ծֻʧˡ
ɫĹ󣬲ټˣֻЪϢһҹϢټǶ
˿ֻϥڵʮƵϣ˫գĬĬ˹ϢָԪ·˼ټˣҲ뿪ɽȣֻճʱٹεǶ
Ҳĸ״ˣտɽȣҹĻ֮£Զɽ޾ֻлδһӰµɽ
һ½ɽͷʹɽ￴ȥ˼䣬ĸδⲽߣʱ̧̧ͷƶ˵ƵʱȴʲôҲŽƣ棬Ҳ޷
òߵڶɽ־ӰȥصһƬƺոˡ
һҹϢָԪҲָ˲٣Ƕʮǻ𡱣һ˾ѵеĻֻ˫һţһâʱǵϷȥ
һ뵺ϣ˷ʱһƬ𺣣ԶȺ˿Ҳܸܵһȡ
ֻϻƴ죬ޱȵϢ˲ҪûһĻѰ֮𣬵һɫģĻ
ĻѰ֮𣬼ΪġǱڶ٣һģ޳ϼʱȣɲǼᱻΪҽ
һֻǻＫӿĺɫĻ½ѱս٣ɽ˶ϢؿţδҲָ
ϴȥɽʱƺʱЩܹסʮƵϵĻ
޳İ
Ҳ˫֣ź˿ȴġ
ĻԽԽȣۼҪû˶ס˺ȻһɲǣֻһԾǲȥǻƣԼӿ
ʲô
ۼ˽һҲһ޳Ҫʲô
һ˲䣬˾֮ʣֻ˫һĻȻΧһ̣ɫΧߣȥʮֹ죡
⡭⣡
·˸޲ȻľȻѿ˾ȻܹĻ⾿ʲô
δҲһ˲俴ˣоĹӴ˿̶ĹĻȫΪã
ҪĻƳ
ͻȻֻĻȻǵϻҲһ·һ̣·˽ԱɫǴδ˿¾һɳϢ·Ҫپһ£Ҳӳˣ˾Ҫʲô
ӡ
δҲһ˲ɫˣ֪ҪʲôˣҲһʲôܴӿȥ𣬵ܹûĻôһ˸ǿʮٱ
ͺñľڻ·Ϊ̿ͬʱҲƴˣ˿̾ҪЩĻȫգȻȥƳ
ȵȣҪ
Ҳһ˲ɫˣҪЩĻ𣬿кܹĻգͶ𺣣Ļ𣬼һ˲ܽΪҽ
ֹ
ɫ䣬ĻӴ˱ߣǸûܹĻգɣ


0231 ں
Ȼ༸˴֮ʣȴѾˣֻ˫һǵɫ˲ӿȥ

һ˲ôĻ𣬼ҲЩֵסֻýתޣʹĻΪһ塣
⡭ȻĽĻˣ
û˸ţ⼸λ̫Ҳ˫ۣ治˼һĻ
޳
ҲˣҲû뵽޳ȻܹĻգܲںһǾֻܿˡ
һ̣ƹ˶ס˺ǵϣǸһһĻȫսǺεȾˣ
Ѱ֮ˣ˵Ҫ˿Ļ𣬱Բ壬ǿһ˲䱻Ϊ̿
ǰ̫ˣȻܹĻ壬ʲôˣ
Զ¶ͳӰҲסˣǶû뵽ͷǲˣ¾Ȼ˴󣬹Ļһ㣬ǿɼġ
ֻǵڶʮƵϣһȼһǵأһɫĻںҲ˺ɫĻ棬˫ͫӳĻӰӣһĻԵùԵʮ𺳡
ϸ֮£ĻӰڲųⷴһ˶ϢؿţˣܹĻδҲ̫ˡ
ֻ˫ֲϽӡȻƪת˼ޣ˿壬һ¯һһ㽫Ļȫ
ɽδҲס˺ѵô֮壬ܽĻǵʱ򣬶˵ġѵô
һ̣㯣ؿƵϣһһĻ
Ȼ䣬Ƶϻһ³ȥȻҲһ˲䣬˫ͫĻâʢ˫һһɫһӿɢ˳ȥ¡һӿĺɫɢˡ
һɲǣɽȶҲһ£˽ԸеһȻƾĻںϣĻˣ
ֻɢˣҲ˵ϣ˫ɫĻ˫ĴҲһźɫ𣬻˫ͫҲӳĻӰӣȻ˿ѾĻˡ
ȻĻ𡭡
ǶʮƵϣ󣬴ӾȻܹĻΪʧȥĻеۡ
ң뵱꣬ߴ򽫴˻ڣܹںϣ벻գһţܹںĻҲǴ컯
ƵϣĺɫոսĻڣȫƾǹ顣
ѾһٶһĻкηֻǲ֪ΪΣԽԽоһ޴¯ʲôװȥ
Сӣ벻ܽĻںϣ塭ԽԽ˼ˡ
ʱȻ˿ӵ
ɫ𣬲䲻ȵصǰòҪˡ
ǺǡǳѾͷģϷȥ֮ǰܰ
ˣ±˺ܶ࣬ǰǲҪ˵ˣⱻ˷֣֦
һ˵ţһһۣһۣȴպδ̧ͷ񡭡ΪξЩ˵ˣ
ΪԼδ˿̾¶˵
ӡ
δỽһ˷ָֽѰʱԶȴмλڵĳϣ֪˵ʲô
˰ĻˣԺô죿
ǼüĻزٵĻ֣ĻԺڶʮԻкѿԣѵٽĻų
Ǽ࿴ȥʱɫƺ˹黹Ļ𣬼Ҳֻҡͷ̾Ϣˡ
ʣ»أԱͨˣ̧ͷһƵһۣҲٶԥ˫һţݷȥհ֮ǰҪϵڶʮأҹ㾫Ӧɽλϡ
ҹĻʱȻص˵ڶʮأֻǸոնʮصĽ̫϶˼˿ڣǰҲ˶ۿڣʱѡ
˿±˶Сۣʱ䣬˾Ȼ˵ڶʮأֱҲ룬ھʣһˣֲôʱ䣬ԭˣҪһ춥λϵ
ƶϵδһҲھʣһˣɽλΪ֮ߣһ˿¾ͲӦˣҪס˵ͬʱһܹӦô


0232 ɽ
ɫɽҲȥֻһ죬Ӧɽλϡ
ҹ޹⣬ɽøˣ紵ҶϷɳɳ졣
δ̧ͷƶ첻ɼƵ·ҹԶˡ
ڣֵʱɽˣԶԶȥӰصҲվ˲ˣƺܹںĻˣܷͨɽλϵ
⼸λ̫Ҳ˹УδһҹδȥʱҲңңǶʮƵ
ΨȴˣҿӰӣѾͷ޳ؼһ죬ȴӰĪǡ
˿̣ڶʮƵϣ۾һҹϢȥָֻ˲٣ֻǽսԣټںĻ𣬿ֽղôӦɽλϡ
ֻһվ˫һţڶʮء춥ȥ˿춥ȥԷ˾ȥˣ
¡¡
ʱȻм׳ǵڶʮĽƣɲһչܿףֱ춥ȥ
ֻ֮һƮƮ춥档
ȥˡ
˶Ϣؿţϵڶʮ춥ʱɽλҲڳˡ
ƾֵһ㣬ֱվĸλ۵ϣ۵ǰ׻ϣ۵λȸϣλ䳤ϡ
λһֱƹȣֻԣǿϮȣҲԼλ̫ϣǶԴǰս֮ˣҲһͬʣΪڵӣԴ
˿̣춥Х̤ǰһԶλϹ˹֣޳սԣλϴͽ̡

λ΢΢ףѾܾûпܹٵڶʮƵĵˣǰˣȷʵһֺܲһĸоںĻһĻ
ǵʱδȴһ·ȷʵܼ
Ѿ׼ˣ
۰룬ʵ
׼ãλϴͽ̡
һ˵ţһ߻ǰǱ鲼ۿڵⲢǶλϵĲ֮ǰʱûκ׼ֻһѽãǰڣ֮ǰһ·Ҳˡ
˿棬ȴв˶ۣѵƾһͨɽλϵ
δҲ̫СλˣûһȻƲܵסλϵĽ̸ն춥һˡ
λϲܾͨһͬʣָֻһʱһɫһնȥ
һ˲гֵһгһײʱ˼Ҳһ顣
վȣ׻ϡȸϡ䳤Ҳֱһͬʱ
гʱһâ죬ǵֵסλϵĽ
ֻλϵֽʽöĿ顣
ֻϺȻڿնһͼڵӰӣ׻ϡȸϡ䳤ϣҲ˸ԵͼӰӡ
һʱ䣬ƵԶ·ȺһɲҲܵһϢ
˸ֺὣأҲһâԴλϽĽ
ָֻһʱնټλϵĽƵǽݺᣬж֮
һεĽʮӲչɲȻɽλϵĽɲҲܴδζܳɹܿ
ֻѶ߰˵˿ڣֱϵѪ˳ǰ棬˳Ž棬һһڵ档
ٿɽλϵķȻ᲻ƣλϵķҲ޷ͻƣȥնºһ
ɽ˶ס˺Ҫͨλϵ֮ѣڣλֻѡ
㻹Ҫټ𣿡
ѻˣʱڿˡ
ĬȻеĳֻ̧΢΢ףҲָһһ߳ʱλϵĽ֯һ
ֻĵںһ𣬾һնδȽȫסҲ޷ʩչɲӿ
ӣ
һɽδ벻һʱ޷ֻܿӲгֵ

ֻһ죬ɽȶʱһ£ǰһķѣƬҷ˳ȥͬˣҲһεĽ֮£ȫʧȥƣǵ˳ȥ


0233 Ľ
һĻֻɷ·ڵĵӣոλϵĺһǺεǣ²ҲҪشֻǱ˳ȥ
ӡ
δһҲۼҪɳ⣬ȴ޴һɳ⣬Ǳʧˡ
Σʱ̣һתһвһȥӲ֮ⷴԼ˻ȥ˶ʮƵıԵ
Ȼվˡ
·˶¶˲ŵһЩΪϸߵߣһҲסˣ˹ȻŲ׵ı£ܹӲסɽλϵĺһ

صϣһѪӿ˳һʵеֿܵһܼͨ˺
λҲӿ˵ϣϿǰǿˣʮֿ϶ˣʼԣ˲飬˵нѻ٣޷ٳκһȥɡ
һ̣Ƶϣɽ棬Ȼˣֻ紵ôҶ
ǰ˼̧Ѫ䣬˲ǣˡֻȫΪ
˵գֻ̧˫֣֮䣬ȻһʵལһѽٲȻӣֻǴ˿̣һӰ
⡭ǣ
һĻ治˸¶֮ɫǡĽȻѾܹĽˣ
һΣɽλҲĿ⣬δ뵽ǰˣϵ裬֮ߣȻܹĽһЩϵߣҲδܹĽ
νĽ޽ȴнôָһһҶԿΪǽһּߵľ磬ڡһ͡˽һ
츳ǰĽĽֻǳڣȻĽ
޽нָһһҶԿΪ
΢΢ͷһ䡰Ȼλ϶һ˵߿϶ˡ
䣬ֻҲո̧˫֣֮䣬ȻҲһʵལ·˽һϵĽ
ԭҲܹĽˣ⻹ǵһοĽһ£ȺǿҪһ
ٿ˫֮Ľ¶ͳӰҲһ޳ȻܹĽ˲Ϊ֮ϣϵ裬ҲĿǰܱģ˾ʦкţ˹˱졣
Ƕ˴˿ɻͼλ̫һɻ˵ʲôɽҰ߳СӣǾƲš
һʼ͸̫⣬ھȻĽʦǺηˣ̳ܽͽ
Ⱥְ˶һעǶʮƵϣ޷̽ôߵĵط˿Ƿˣ淢һУǶܿ
ֻǰ˼ĿһԶλϣλϴͽ̡
ҲٶԣָһֻݡһâʱƿնȥλϵĽҲӦ
һεĽȸոոҪ£ֱƲ㷭ӿֹ·˶۾Ȼ˸ղĽֵܵסλϵĹ

ֻһ춥˾еһֻĽסȫǿȻվԭأĵȫֵסˡ

϶¶˾ɫһ̣ǷӦֻһ˲仯һӰǷΪλͻΧȥ
һ£ȺǷȻɽλϵķǰͻƵģҪͻλϵķնǶ
ĪǴӣ⼸ĵһ
һ̣˶Ϣһ춥֮ϣ´κһĻֱλϵķǼ᲻ƣҲһԽԽ

ֻ죬һαλϵĺ˳ȥϣֶ˼˿ڣѪȻȾ졣
ΡΡΡ
һһεѪ˳䵽űߣĽҲɢˣֻһһҲԽԽ٣ӸոյڣѾ̫
ҲĽǰǿˣصܳŵʱѾܲˣǵһܳŵڵģ˿καУٵֵ˵Ľȥɡ
һ̣ɽȻ˶ƵһԲܹŵڣȷʵܲˣĽȻվдڳڣԵֵλϿһĹơ


0234 䳾
ӡ
δߵƵǸѪӣһ̣·ֿ˵ɽһĻ
ִţǴ˿̣ΪҶӶִţΪ˶ִš
Ƶϣֻᶨֲ̧˲Ѫǣղ˵أˡֻȫԸ

±һǳŲסˣվվˣǿȥֻ·һֺαִţѵҶӣҪ
˶ף˿ѲΪ˻ҶӶִţһ·ǻδɣӣ뻨δΪټĴѰҽˡ
ԴӸոյϵڶʮصʱѾ¶˾ģֻҪһڣ;
λϡͽ̡
ֻ̧˫֣ѪȴҲֹס
һ̣˶ĬˣһĻȴ˵ŻʱطҹһսҲ£Ҳ¡
ǰΪʦգΪδ롣
Ȼ䣬Ʈϸϸ˿꺮䣬ģδ̧ͷƵ꽥ģߡ
ԽԽˣɽ˶Ѱر꣬ʼվԭأһ춥֮ϡ
ƵϣλҲ˵ʲôˣǰһ̤һһɲǣһȽӿɢȥҲɢˡ
һ̣˶ס˺һεĽǵУûκαУѵֿܵ𣿿ǲҲҪش
ʱɽȻһȵȣȵȣٵȵȣ
ͻ˽ԸһѭȥֻȻм·ͷʪˣȴһѱâɽ
ǡĸľ䳾
һɲǣ˶ܵǰѽ͸Ͻ⣬ĸǳ֮ĽϣҲ̣һΪҲѳʥڱչزеӶΪĸ
Ҳԭأֲǰؼʱ̣ȴˣԭȥĸ轣ˣѾͷ֪ĸڱչأȥţǱ軵ˣ֪˵Ǻá
޳
ֻмеľ䳾춥һͣ޳ӽ
䳾˲仯һɱâ춥ϷȥӦ񽣣һӣǾ䳾ǱâһȽ̼ӿ˳ȥ
ɽλҲһϳĽϵĽ˽ͬһ㣬˸ԥһɲǴ߶˽󣬵ʱХնȥ
˿֣ղὣһɨһɱâն¡һλϵĽɢˡ
⡭
˽ǺȻһĸ񽣣˾ȻҲܹӵó
øϵˡ
춥֮ϣѾܹסλϵĽˣҲ˿Աֻ߽һȥˮһҡͷЦ
ٿƵϣ˾䳾̷֣ΪֻһԾһλϵĽն¡
һȫԪ˲仯һâ糤գɽӣ·ҪƵҲնѡ
˽ԺĿģǷӦֻ¡һ죬ɽȶʱһǸ߿зԲʮƲһɲǱɢӰ

˸ţõ䳾ʵһ±˿ֲƵ̳ɢȴɽλԾŽֻǲƸղˡ
˰ʱ䣬ֳ־䳾һ·ȴʼͻλϲɽķ
λҲ˸Եɽһնʱƿնһȴٶˣһնȥ䡱һײʱһˡ
λҲֱͬٶܣһһնȥλϵĹ񣬼˿о䳾֣Ӳ֮£Ƭ̣ϱֶ˿ڡ
ǵŵʱ̣˶ס˺ʱֻλϺȻһԾһնһǵУֱƵҲ
ӡ
ۼһȻԵĳ̶ȣδ϶ȻһȻһ̣ȴָһһĨһâն˳ȥ
¡
ײʱһƥȥԶ·ȺҲһ
һ̫ǿǱ˳ȥʧȥ˿ƣһ˲ɳ˵⣬˶ˣѵʧô
նˣ
ȺȻһֻλһȻղƴһնˡ
һ仨ӰƮ䣬һƬƬɢ׷£ƱʢʱҪÿ


0235 ͨ
ɹˣ
ɽ·ʱ󾪺ٶˣһܹͨʮԣǰˣվȻͨһԣ
޳̫ˣ
Ҳ˷ո֮ȥӲλϵĽΪΨһĻᡣ
һʼװҪͻλϵķȻȥնʵֻΪԻֶѣΪ֪ƾĿǰʵͻƲɽλϵķֻƸۣøղŵķ
Ĵ۱ǣλϵĺһȻ˲ˡ
ӡ
δ뿴ƶ׹˫һ㣬ݷȥֳſɻɡֽסɡƮ䵽˵档

ɫɷףڵ棬һѪӿ˳𽼱ææ˹ЩĿĵĽʱҲһ±òҰף૵޳㣬û°ɡ
ʶڣδܹصˣʱ򣬶ԷһΪĪ⣬ÿÿΣգԷἰʱ߱ȴ˵֮ء
ո±ߵʱûע⵽ڿԷ˵֮أһʱ֮䣬ֻζӳ£˵ʲôζ
˺ðŷӦ˫ӡһһעȥơ
𽡭лл㡣
֣ݻһ̣ﻹž䳾ֻǴ˿̣ȴϵѪȾˡ
ǸĽŪȫѪ

æҡͷӹ䳾ʱѪǱʲôһ£һתͷŻүүͼλ̫ϣǣ޳ǻҪͨԣںˣͨˡ
Խ˵ֻ۾ԽԽˣһɲǣǱʲôһ£΢΢һΪԼܣΪʲô޳ˣԼôܡ
ֱ˿̣ǺȻʶʲôԺﾹһ¸ֳ໭Щ棬ȫǹĻ棬켫ʶǸˣһ仰ҲԼ˵ٵ
ǣǡ
תͷ˿̷Ļδ룬Ǳʲôʹһ£δô޳ЦֻеδʱϲŻ¶Цݡ

ʱ˹ŻعĸؿڣһʱֻЩɬ˵ˡ
ᱧ̲סһ֪̾ŮĪĸŮ񳤴ˣܲСŮ˼
˹޳Сѣͨʮˡ
һ̣ɽȺȻ˶߾ɿδ˫֣֪ڶʲôϻ˵꣬˺ȻһѣΣҲֲ֧סεȥ
Ϊһ֮ȻʳԣѾͨ˶ʮԣֻٴɵڶһὫҶӽԷ
ֻڣ˶֪ڶ־ʲôҲԲ޷쵽飬ͨʮʲô壿
ڶʲôǿҪ֪ˡ

ת˹ó֮ټ˵鵤ҩѾָЩ
ˡ
ѾˣδýͷԾЩκģʵһ˯˶ã
졣
δ˹ὫӴϷ𣺡Щ𣿡
ûˡ
ҡҡͷϲŵɴЩ£Ҳδˣʵ˵˵ڶʲô𣿡
ȥ˲֪
δҲ֪ڶʲôﲻ֪ΪΣЩõԤУ˵ϢһӦþˡ
á
һ²ãɽǱʣȴʱʱһƬ֣˵Ĺ졣
˿̣ص֮Уڵףλ̫ϣĬãڿڵ£ô
ǾáɳĮǱߣԪˣ峤ڵ˵ɻ
Ŀ⣬ʵǿǼϵĹǽͲݹɱžܿĸŵľѧ𣿡
⡭
˶˳Ĭϸϸս죬ȷʵǼδδŵĹ˿ֻһܣǾǴӲɱžˡ
ĳʵ㽫ҶӸ𣿡
ͨԣԲʳԣֻǡɵڶ⻨Ҷӣܸ
ڶ
˶ȥһ˲ŻȻһʲôֲҪôսʮԣԭˣ
ϳʱɫ˼ѵǡ


0236 ڶ

ȳưѻ꣬˵ͷʱȻѾ˭Ҳ˵ˡ
Ƽ¹ش󣬴δ֪ܡɣ򲻿ɣһĻ졭

һͬѻ˵꣬ҡִˣ˵Īˣʮ棬ضǡľ֮ˣͨͨùӼȻܹͨǾ˵ʲôаħ֮ˡ
ףס
ǲҡ֣һΪ²ףףڣһ֪ˡ
ҵǾľ׵Ȼ䣬ſڴĻ
ӹȥѵûз֣дһ𣿶һ֮ˣһҿ˵׼ɽйء
źߵɽûйأĪǲ𣿡
㡭
һ±˵ԣɽڵˣͨأءľⲻѵɽλϻ
ɣƲɡ
ǲҡ˵ţһۣ䲻ȵƣҪΪﲻ֪ʲô츳ΪԶڳӰ֮ϣǲϣ
ˡ
֪ʱ֮ϣɫǱЩѿˣټִѾӦҲˡ
ȻѾǴ¡ҵ಻ٷԡϳӿ˵

գѾָò࣬ٽʱȻڵĵӣ޳롣
濴һۣλԵȡ
Ƭ̺뻨δ׼úȥֻΣڵף±ߵλ̫ϣһЩڵλϸߵߡ
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0237 ҹ
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0238 ҹɽ
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0239 
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0242 ޸
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Ա߳üʵδʲôʱʼ
²˳٣ȻԽԽáδ΢΢Ц˿ƺǳء
˫ü΢˵ͷãǾʱ䣬Ҫ뼸λ׼һЩ顣˵꣬𽿴ȥ飬Ҫţ֪𣿡
𽵽ڻЩԺģ˿үүԼľګګص˵ͷã֪

΢΢ףƵϣδȥЪϢɡ
£Ȼ뿪˻Ҷ£ڵ˻֪㰵нУ©ɽЩлɳˡ

ҹɫޱߣδ뾲ڴ̨˫֧ãңԶʣǿ˸˸ӡ
ӡٵգܿҾͻὫҶӴ
һȴǱʲôһ£Ȼ䣬ǰŶ˵һЩ㲻ͬˣÿһ֣һ֣һݽߡ
ôҼȻһΣһΪʲô
һЦԸȥˣ΢绺ߵķ˿ȴִһ˿ˡ
˵ڶҹһ鶼׼׵ˣһΣϳӣĳţ峤˶ˡ
ҹ֮¹شݲóκһ˿⣬ˣδ޸ӣȱһɡ
һԾ޹⣬Ҷ棬һ귺ŵĻҶ࣬ʵ껨Ҷ࣬ɽ֧㣬Ҫ޸ӣӴ˿ʼ
˶һۣ漴վøԵķλʼ󣬴һϣδ뿴ȥδɣʼɡ
δҲԣ˫һ㣬ݷ˻ҶϷһɵʱȫʹڿУʩв
ӣҡ
۾ֻ˫ֿٽӡԼؿڵλõȥӡ⿪֮һɲǣһޱߵʱΪӿɢ˳ȥ
˾һ˫Բؿǿ
һֻ̣δУȫ֣˹â䣬Ǿ·һǾˡ
һּ̣˫һޱʱ׹Ҷȥ
һɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫֻ껨Ҷ࣬һ˲ҫ۶Ŀ֮£Ҷӳһ
һ˲佻һɲǼɹâֱʣޱȵʱ˷Բ
δ㡭
棬𽿴ֱʵɰ׹⣬һ´סˣ֪δѾʼ޸ˣֻĵȴδ⾿Ҫܹɽ޸ľǻġ

֮ɽ˹ָʱȴȻеؿһƣһ˵ѹ֡
δ롭
Ȼ̧ͷɽķȥֻǱߵʣȻһƲɼһ˲䣬һֲõԤС
δ롭ʲôҪҹ


0243 ǿϮ
ޱɽǵ׹ֱʣԲʮӳһ֪ˣΪ콵
˿ڵǵ׹⣬޲¶֮ɫǲ֪ɽ£Ҳ֪˿ڻҶ棬λڸδ޸ӡ
հʱ򣬳ԸøϼӷԵǵҹҲδϢ˿̳¶ͳӰҲˣǺɽֱʵİ׹⣬ʹӲ֪ʵݲһѲµЩ
Ҷ棬λҲû뵽޸ӾŪ˴Ķ벻ɽЩ˶ˣڰʱѽһ׼ãɽķҲƽǿҪһʱ̣Ҳ¡
˿ֻδڰУһһɽ֮ԽҪжϣΪ֮ѾѺۣڻδҪģԼѺһһϡ
Ⲣһ׵飬ǵʱ䣬Ҳ̡̫
ֱ賿ҹ֮ʱ޸ȻδɣλάǺ¡ʱȻһһ𵴣͵ش洫˽
ô¡
δλãܳΪǿңոһ𣬷ǵЩӰЩϺòɢ
ǿɽδﲻصģֻר޸˴㻤š
ü΢һ˵꣬˫ֲϽӡλϽȹ
ǿɽ
δüͷһĪǴˣתһ룬־òܣˣµԼڣҲܻǿѵϴʲôɽڣ
ʱ˼֪Ѳµ֣˵ʱգҲδˣɽһֱڴУٶǰɽɽɽλ϶ȥһۣձΪδ뵣ģֻ޸ؽӡ
á
δҲˣŲɽʲôԹԹֻĻҶӺһ£ɽͻȻ½е鷳ˡ

˿棬Ѿһţֻ˷ȻƴиХ·ٹҹУһХ֮Զ
ô¡
ŵɫҰףЩ˴δ˿µľΨһЩָߵߣǼǵɽ֮ʱΣֻǽҹһĻٶǰӿֲ
ɽڵˣ󣡡
ߵȺ˳֮ʣȻһֲ֮˹顱һǼͬʱ˳ȥɽһķѾˡ
ճļС϶
һֲԶֻʺȻƷӿֹһӰ˲ϢڵӽŵľɿµϢ£·ҲҪֹͣˡ
ɽ
ϳʮ߾еһϣĿŰǵӰ
ֻȫһɫ֮£ƣһŨŨ˸еϢټϴ˿Ƴ˾͸Եÿˡ
ɽڵǰһɽǣԷ⡰ɽ
ɽĵܿ죬ĺѲɽ֣Ǻ֮Уϸ֮£ȴվӰ
ӽɫɷףǺ˿¾󣬺ɽ
ʱԶȻһЦƮ죬̶Ƭ̼䣬ѳ˷֮ڵ󣬸ǸеһͷĿѣ֧š
ڤŮҪģ
ʮ߸ǺȻһû뵽һΣڤɽҲˡ
ȻֻԶһǺǺǺǡ˼ˣڵķôô
ǺȻһĵŮЦڵӽһֻǺֳһȴǸɷľɫŮӡ
ֻŮһɫѣȴǵ¶Ƭ˪ʤѩһļ
Ǵ˿ЦЦĵһЩΪϵ͵еӺȾɫŮʱֻеһѪӿͷؽᣬ·ֻôһۣҲҪȥһ
ԪһҪ񣡡
һȣŰһЩ㯵ĵѹ˶еһ󵨺Ůڤɽ֮ڤļ˳ơڤŮ


0244 ֮
ֻƷӿǿ£ڵôҲû뵽ξɽںڤɽ˫˫
ڤļɽһħɱžԪħƲʲôڣʲôħɣѵ˻᲻
ɽںڤɽħ̣ǷԪǱؽĶ
ǺǺǺǡ
ֻڤļһ󿩿Ц棬صôҵļ϶ڻﲻѵЩӳ𣿡
ɽȫһ󷨣ȥǼ˻ǲ٣
˻ˣȴףǼڻҶ޸ӣʱʱ򣬷Ļѡʱ
ȵȡ
ڤļһ죬ɽȥЦɽ⻰ǿɵ˵Ȼȫ£Щ˵ĻһҲҪȫϹҪֻǿʱǿɱȾָ
ɽһߣõ˵
ǡ
ڤļһЦȻһһźɫᦳָһڤĹȥ
Ż䣬ʱХ֮ϣֻǺɫᦶȻ紵ɷɷϸѪһ³ʮɫӰ
ΪȪᦡɱžħ漫аķڲʮֻڤĹƽ˵Ѫι
ʶʮֻڤĹԽأ֮вᱻǰڤļȴ֪ΪΣȻܾԿסʮֻڤĹȴǰ
ɷɷɷ
ֻУʮֻڤĹХڳȥʱɽһڵӽһɫһ±ò԰Ψмߴʱǿȵţ󣡡
ߣ
ɽһߣ뵱ڵڣһ·ңȴƹȵĲɽλնһۣǱߡ
ܵʱҲƾһħشλϣϱ֮ǼУԴ˴ģǵҹҪѪϴڣҪ˵ĻʮգԶɢؼ䣬Ҳ޷תֻء
Ȫ֮
ֻһȣһ̧ĺƣʱȪ֮ǵسڳȥ
һ¹Ҫپ󷨷Ȫһ·ʹЩԭԴĲľһ˲仯Ϊ̿˲ʧȥ
󣡡
ʮ߶ʱɫɷףټ˸ԵķȹɽԵɽںڤɽĹơ
ǳ༸˺Ͳɽλϴ˿ڣǻһսڵļλֶڣƾǺһڵӣħͷĶ֣
˵Ǻ滹ɽںڤɽ֣һԷͻɽ˽ǺҲ롣
¡¡
ɽһ̶ҲںɽҶ棬ǰɽǰһĻǱߺ֣˿Ҳܹɽжô͡
棬λϿ֧ɽͨ˿ɽǰɽںڤɽĹ߱ȻҲܵӰ졣
󷨣ڻδķˣֻɽķδƳǷɽڤļͻˣʱ򽫻Σֺˡ
δ㶨Ҫס
ϳżɽʱӳɹ޸ãʧܣǵδشɽҲһ±ҡҡ׹ûκηԡ
ʱɽڤŮֶΣѴ֮ʧȥɽ׻ҷ
˿̻δУҲüͷʱڵĻͺˣʲôҲ뵣ģڴӦǻδô졭
ʱԽԽˣֻɽ˷Ա֣˵Ŀ£ɽ֧˴ҹʱҲѾҡҡ׹ˣֻʣһ㡣
Уɽڤļһۣ˴ͨһɽ޸ʱڣ¾ͺˡ
¡
ֻһ죬˺Ȼһ󷨴ȥһֲħԪħԪ֮£ڳѺۣķѣɲǼ仯Ϊޡ
һǿҳʹʮߣڵĵӣһ˲䱻˳ȥ
Ϊ󷨵ıҶҲܵһɾҳδУʩ޸ܵǹ֮󣬶ʱɫһף˶Щ׹ȥ
˿ɽʮ⣬Լٸȴؿһƣ̧ͷɽǱɷ죬һݣոǹļ¡Īδˡ


0245 
ɽƣڵӶʱ˻ңڻҶڲԶĵطɫһף⡭ķˡ
ճļ϶ٲҽˣȫɱ
ֲصɽ棬λϾ亹乣ķѾˣɽڤŮҪҶȴһ£Դ˿̣ǵĿҪƳ˳ȥ޸޷ټȥ
δס
ʱ˿̣ܳȥˣҲܳȥ޸ʧܲ˵δҲؽش
ճļ˲ϳȽƹ˱Ƴ˵
Уڤļ˫۾˸ֹ֪ɽ޸һ޸ɣʱڣҪǴҶȽɽ˱ƳƹȲѹùȥ
ɽʮһ㣬һ죺ɱ
һ£±ɽ˶ʱ糱ˮһڤļԶ˵ȥɫǼŮҲ˴Ӹɽ³
ɽƣκηԣڵֻܷɢȥֵطǿУʱ䣬ɽɱ죬֮ڶһŨŨѪ֮
ȻһΣɽڤɽ㳲糱ˮ赲ܿ죬ڱ֧Ųס
Σʱ̣ƹȷһǧâն¡һ죬ʱһƬɽն˳ȥŵԻ⡣
ǲɽλϣ
ƹǱ߼ٶĵ⣬ڵץסһһɽλƹȣϴγٶǰһǿ֣ǲҲˡ
ܿ죬λѷɽǰֻɷǣƮƮһС
ĿɽĪǰĶϱ֮ʹٲ£շǽ齣֮£

ɽͷһЦһ˺ϵĶۣ¶ڵӲһֻ˫Ѫ죬µǣ۷Ѱ֣֮ǱһѪ۸ŵ֣Եÿֲ
Ѫ֣
һΣλϾһѪħ̼ķǰѪ̵ĽȻȴڰǰִѪ̱Ϣ
ԭˣɽѪ̣Ѫ֣Լۡ
а֮վնһۣ
ȸ䣬ָһȸʱһն˹ȥ
һȥȸХ֮ȻɽȴȻ壬Ѫһ̧顱һ죬Ӳȸֵ˰С
ôΪֻǵǸ𣿡
ɽȻʢ˫Ѫâ󣬱쳣Զڤļһת˴ɽţԼȥҶǱߣõҶ࣬ʣµ£ɾͲˡ
ɽҪߣ̴ȥһʲôڻûǱѷԸȥȥˣȴ˵
Ǻǡ
ڤļһЦȻɽô˵ˣҲⲻɽ档
ڤĹࢻ꣡
һȣĻһ࣬жʱɷɷֻĻᦵΧѪɫףЩףƴȴҲѲĻᦵһʱ䣬֮ڶһĻֱͷƤ顣
ɷɷɷ
ʮֻڤĹһ·˻ſѪڣЩȫ˽ȥȻЩ׶˵Ѫꡣ
ʮֻڤĹ̼ʳ˻ǣڵӺ¹һĻһʱ䣬˶ŵɫҰףǵĻǱȥҲӲĹʳ³
ϣ
˫üһ¼ɱžԪħƲɽλվһ֮ˣܼȺ˷ڡ

һХȻһâն˹ȥڤļ˫ӡһʮֻڤĹҲһ³ȥһ
λɽڤļһԶڵڵֵĴӿħˡ
ںɽҶ棬ɽǰǱ߽죬֪ɽλѾϹȥˣɽڣ֪˶ħͽλϵĻµֵ
˼ˣֻһҧɽǰǱȥˣȴҪȥĸĽϳأȻܳʮкһڷ˸ģʲôˣ
ǺǡСĪҪ£һ˱ˡ


0246 ʬ
һڷѸһµӣʶɽڵǱˣ䳾飬϶Էһڷ˲㽫˹ȥΪ̫һ˿ĻҲûС

ƹȵλϣǰ󣬵ԪȻǿʵǺǡ
Уڤļ쿩һЦһУּһȴֻźɫâ
ⷨͬԻ塱һ죬Ϊߣ˲䱻ȥǡ
ֻڤļУ΢΢һΣʱһ˳ȥ
ģ
һЩлĵܹܵģ䳤һ˲䲼˸磬Žһֵ棬Ȼһȴ˹˼
ʱֻԶһڷǺڷɢ¶һˣǰǺӣǣɽӣȥ磬ٶʮ־ˡ
𽣡
˿̼𽱻Էܣ±߲˽һʱҲ˹ոǺڷһ֣ʧȥ֪ڿԼɽɵһЩʧ˳
ɽǰ΢΢ͷʾɽʱ˫һݣɽʩ԰ﴫ࣬ıŮѱܣٲֶ֪Ρ
Ҷ棬ڽ滨δ뻤󣬴˿ʴɫһ䣬棬ɽǰǱ߷ʲôǸ֪һ
ˣɽסˡ
亹乣ɽֶΣúܣô죿𽲻Ůһˣʧ
𼱣սթĿıǱҵȳȥһʧ⣬»

ϺˮԽԽ࣬˿ȴ뿪һ󷨱ǿ𵴣ǵδһ˲ɽӸһ˲䱻ϣҲ޷޸
࣬СѾͷǾͼ棬ԽƳһʬĪҪںޡ
ɽں֮ǣԾΣ
±ڵһʬ֣ɫ䣬ʱԶȻһ
ȴĸ׽ϴڸ˳ո𽱻ܣŵûɢȲ˳˿̼Ů֣Ǹеһתҡ
Ҳ£¡
ĸ׳ۿһ¾;ˮҡͷɽǱߺүүҲ£Ҫǵġ
˵£ﵱ治£ƳʬǱҪʹǧٱһССŮܲ£
ǸǿСѾͷ
ɭɭһЦ̧֣ѩỬʱ󾪣֣ÿ
ſã
һɫӰȻ̽˳ȴһ߼ʱסˣ¶Ҫȥ
ǺŮý¶ƽϵҲãֻΪһġ

ԶȻһӰȴĽĶʦ֣Ĵʦ븸״˿ȴԶ棬δ
ſ
ԭĽһ侲˿̼𽱻ܣܲҲ±ȫɽںڤɽˣ˹
һЦһһȥ顱һʱѪ˳ȥȻ˵ĵ˰꣬һ硣
ʦ֣㲻Ҫ
ˣɫɷףһ˲佫ĽסˣؿһƽƣɽȥβſϷˣ
һ±ýɽס𽣬ǱڤļžƣرǲɽλϣҲˡ
ɽɭɭҪȥǾóԳ
һڲ˾һϸǽָ֪ʱܳ
Է޶ԣɭȻһЦǲײĲˡ
һ˵ֻ꣬һתָʱһöɫҩ裬ⲢʲôҩɽڽƳʬġʬơ
ҪƳԹصʬô뱣֤ƹ˲ȥػܲסʹʬƵô֮һܹ޷ֻܻسʹࡣ
ס֣
˫ԲһļţȻ֪ɽڵʬƣʬ븹޾ȣ
𽿴ǰöĹ裬ŵûҲʹһҲҪƳǿµʬ
˫ţƬ̣ڤļǲͷˣɽȥһ϶ˣȻ޷ǾģιСѾͷʬ˵
ɽ˫һǵȥһһǿſ죬ɭɭЦôѩɰһǿϧѽ
䣬ֻһתҪι£һɲǣϼŵĵѣҪδ䣬Ƿܲ˳ȥ

һ˲䣬ǺȻһҽУ˻δ巢£ֱֻѴѪ˳ȥҲһ˲䱻˾ˡ


0247 ж

ֱ۱һնϣǶʱҽвֹֻϱ۴Ѫע嶼Ⱦˣģǿ¡
𽾪δ̧ͷűԼˣ૵ˡ޳
ƮƮ˵ϣ˿ָĹ裬䵭һԲݴﶪȥ

һ˹𽱧סЩʣһĻǰŻˡ
ʱԶȻһǿ͸ӽǾһ̧ͷȥֻһӰٶýȴһѩ
ĸĸˣ
ֻ鲽һīɫѣֳһ̴ɫľȣһɫӣǳ֮Ľϧ±ߵĵӶгΪĸ
ĸ
ĸˣҲһ£ֻĽϧ̤գϢ䴼Ϊʵڳ֮£ǰḧ˸ӣû°ɣ
ոʱԶһжˣҺоգȥ޳лˡ
ǰĸϴεǰѽԼģΪϵϢЩ̫һ
һĽϧҲӾʱǸ޳ȷʵѰֻܼϣΪΡ
ԭǳ˵ˣһһᡣ
ʱԶȻڤļЦĽϧĿջأֽ𽻤ں棬Ƚշڣʱǰ֪֮֮⣡
һƱȲɽλϸɽ˫ĿһаǴ˵֮һĽϵĺˡ
ĽϧͻȻڻת𽿴ȥδأ
ʱҲŻعδںɽҶ档
ȥ
ԥ˴Ϊδɽ֮ĶԹȥܣҴʱĽڣҲˡ

˵ͷϼҪȥɽһ֣ȵȣ
֪еǣתͷȥ¡

ٴε˵ͷĸ׵İɣҺ޳һû˵ҡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣ·ֻҪǰӳ֣һ˭Ҳ޷İȫУÿһΣΣʱԷǻһͻȻǰȳ
ߡ
ҲٶͣɽǱȥˣȵʱȴѾ׷סˣ˭Ҳȥ
δ롭
ոһ·ϣȻ֪£δΪԼȻ˿ӿȻδȥɽѺۣҪСУ
δ룡
һ³嵽ǰ溰δ룡ʲôͣ£ݽߣ
棬δЩɫ԰ףȻһҹĹأ˿ĺȴͣҪ޸ɽӣõҶӡ
δ룡˵𣡡
վ棬ֲóȻȥֻʹ˷˻δ롣
ĺҲüûδһ޸ӣڻδȷʵļЩⲻȥҲûа취ˡ
ùǼά󡣡
δͷһᣬҲźˣģһҪҶӡ
ãҲδĻʱҲʧȥС޳ڱˣδֲ㣬ô졭
ǰⲽֻδ봫ȥδ룬ҵĻ𣿻شһ
δյѶζӳ£ӣ㲻ҪңµģѾ˵ˣֻҪ޸ӣ㽫ҶӸңϲʳԡ
һΪԼи಻ʤΪʲô㲻˵һδ룬Ҹ㣬˴ʧǽҶӷĳǰĳҲ࿴һۣ
ӡ
δֻһ࣬۾ˮңĲ£һΣҵĺ𣿡
ָ֪Ҳ˵ˣʵҪܰʲô
δɽڵ˿칥ˣƻӣǧҪǴ
á
ָת˻ȥ߻ʵδ˵ʲôˣ
ҡҡͷ͵ϥȥ˹ϢƬ̺ȴȻһƺߣüҲЩˣ״ʵ޳ôˣ
𽡭ܰҸæ𣿡̧ͷ
𽲻ϵͷЩԾؿ⻹һҪԼæ֪ʲôʵҪʲô
ؿڣվжˣ


0248 
㡭жˣ
һͬСɣע⵽ɫ𽥱Щ԰ףüҲк֣һɼĶأ֮ǰˡ
ꡭ
æ˸ƣʾⲻҪ滨δˣһס죬һǸеѣʵô£ôжˣ
ҡҡͷʧȥʱɽڵİιо綾
˹Ȼָˣȴ˱ƶʱⶾҲѰ֮ɽڵĶž綾Ķ
ⶾȻƪĹҪʱסҲʲô£ָӦδ߳£һ·й¶ɢȫ
ֻķƪ칦Ļ̱ڵأ޷ж
ɽڵĶž綾
ɫԽԽѿһҲôɽڵĶѵ֮ǰǣǽ𣿡
ҡҡͷһѾڣûܹʱƶԵĵҩⶾʱȥҵȻ޷ж
ʶԭ֮ǰһֱǿţæ˵ͷУڵǱߣʹȥ
áлˡ
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عͷҶһۣɽںڤɽЩˣʱӦǹɷȥȽⶾѹȥ˵
һߣȴԶе֮𽲻΢΢һɽڵ˾Ȼˣһٵ¯ҩ޳ǿ졭޳
ֻüĳһӡ˫ҲѪ˿ȻⶾǱѰΪǿѹħļ
ҪߡƿߡǿѹڶأŬ˵ţ亹乡
á޳סǧҪδ㻹㡣
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ԣԲ𡣡
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һԲֵ㿳˹𽷴ӦѸ٣˲䳾飬ֻһâɳ顱һʱ˳ȥ

˫ֽӡһָ⼤һ±㽫ӱסˡ
޳㿴һͦİɣҪˣ֮ǰ켫ҿֻء
Ҫ˵ˡ
ϢԽԽϺҲԽԽأһ߲ˣұȥ˵գһ½ֻӽС磬ϣǱһȻں棬Щ
ǰ滹кܶɽڵˣֻñٶУϾǰһ̮ĳʱǺֻ̫ˡһƺߣ㽫ͷײ档

ԺˣһײͷĿѣѣһæԲԲҲǹġ
졭ߡ
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𽱳첽ɣһ·ɽڵˣֻŽңҷܣһʲȥײҲײˡ
ٽĵط˦˺Щɽڵˣͣ޳㡭û°ɣ
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ֻðͷĵӣʵأ
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ȥţȥ棬ֻһŵĵҩƿŵ룬Щǽⶾģ
𽲻ԼƽԼڵҩ滨ڳϲڣҲʲôֻ֪ҿˡ
޳ҿ޳


0249 ֶ
ֻڵϣüĳһϺɫĹӡ˫ҲϺɫħһɰŻˣ˫磺޳ôˣѰҪħ
ȥҽҩ
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ܵҩϣֻŽҵطϥڵϣʱķֹɢȴ֪ΪΣɽ棬ǰЦ촫ڸġҲתʹħˡ
ʵܵסɽڵĶķԵʣ໹ΪЦ촫ġá
˹ĹȴǼЦľڣһĴڣɽڵ綾Ц˿Ϊ˹ĶҲ˵ȥȥ
Ȼ֪⹦ãһССʱɽӦЦ죬۽ɾΣҲȴ˹ɣҲϾ˹ˡ
˿⹦ת侹һϤеĸоֻ˵֮ܿʱʱԼϣѧһ£ȴȻ˴ݺֱϹǰ
Ǳá졭лڡ
ܵЦΪѧ˷֣ԲŽĲ֣ԡ׾ʮִƣɽľǵǰҡ
˿һ˹ǹɹʱϸ֫ٺԵΪ֮ħȥˣȴɽڵĶѹȥ

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;ƿ֮ʣȴֵһСС뵽Լʱһȴţ̲סֽԼһꡣ
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˾񹦣ȴһԣ뵱жõЦžЦδ֪δ񹦣Ҫѡ
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üͷ˫ֲϱ任ӡͨҩЧ綾ѹȥ
ȴʱŻܽһӣС㣬ˣɽڵ˴ˣʦǱ߿סˣ㣬ߡ


0250 漱
أ
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˿ۣвһѹȥڳȥĻǵǰ˵׼Ҫɢ֫ٺֻƴһƴǰڸԼˡ
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ҪѪࢻ귽ħֻЦ챻Ϊħͷſǳħʵ׹ԴһʧϹ
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䳾֣ôɽ˵Ķ֣ۼԷԽԽͿ쵽ǰȻ䳾һʱâʢһ½ɽ˻ȥ
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մСһһ˵ЦʦֵܣȴѪ֮Уۿһ¾ͺˣʣΪʲôΪʲô

ʱԶִһ𽶸һѭ˵ѪĽ𣺡ʦ֣ʦ֣
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ʦ֡ʦ֣


0251 Σ
Ľδ˵꣬Ѿȥˮ乣ʦ֣Ҫ
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Щʱļ䣬ֿ˲ѵĶʦ֣뵽ֻܴ֣۾̲סˡ
ȥҪȻɣҹȥ

ҡҡͷ˲۾ˮҺһȥѶʦַɽڵЩҲ
á
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ĸһأƱҪߣǱҪ跨شĸĸˣô죿


0252 һǣ
ԭɽڤŮ֣ǼѶԸˣֶһ棬ڵƣһ±ø˿ǣȻҡҡ׹
˿ڲݴϢעһУȻϤˣ˵ɻʮִûнӡҹͿҲ޷⿪
ѵĽϧҲ˴˵ĻǿǴˡ
Ӵ˿ĽϧֻԪܰ㣬δɻ˵ãڤļǡʮƴĳȴ֪νˡ
ձԽԽ̣ĽϧŰл߽Ĺ棬أԴݲȣɽɽǧ以෸֪´˴ΣΪζ
֮С
˵ţֵ⣬Ҫһˣֻ˽˽ңˣһҲҪھͿ뿪
ŴһձøӽĽϧĿ΢΢һǲ֪Ҫ֮ˣ˭
ˣС޳

һ޳֣ӽһҲɵһ㶵ؿԵΪʲôҪ
ĽϧһЦ˵ˣ֮ǰȷʵڣǰѾȥ

ҡҡͷĿĿţ⸽Ϊܹŵϵġǹ

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ĽϧĿ΢֪˿һֻζ˶ԶԶģǧҪ˴
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һ˫һ̧ʱӿ˹Ľϧ״˲ƣȫԪ˫ǰһƣɼǿӿɢȥ¡һ죬ֵס˹

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ߣĽϧҲȻŲסˣ治ɽλϴȥһλϣ޽󣡡
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ǰһΣ뵱ʱļλ̫ҲûҶôԲʹòɽλ϶齣Уܷɡ
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ڲݴҲвһ˲һԪ磬ٽ𽻤档


0253 
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޽һ˲һɿĽϧΪӿɢ˳ȥ˲佫ĲɽλѪ˳ȥͬɽڤļҲδӵԱõ˳ȥ
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ٹ۶ڤļˣָ˼ɹȥһȶԷлָ˹ֻºʮء
Ҳתȥ֮ǰɽڤļѾˣڹ棬ϤޱȣϴõӷȥԸƷԷˡ


0254 
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0257 
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0258 
ɽõƣһڽɢɽںڤɽѾԶߣڵҲ˿
Ҳ˵棬ϵĺʧȲ˹һŵؿˡ޳û°ɣ
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δ롭
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֪ؿںȻƣʦʦؿڣɫ𽥱ò԰ףһԤеʲô
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0259 
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㡭ȥô
δ뾲ʵϣʱɱžߣʲô£ȥ켫ǻԪ򡭡Ȼֽһӿ档
˼һ޴УΪɱȨΪϵΪôԪ򣬾һеģɲİʵƽһ룬ٳ


0260 ʮ
˼Ȼˣδ롭Ǳȥ
תؿŻδ룬ɱžĿʵѰδ룬ԪӤһ£ڷǵԪӤŪˣδҲҵˣϵɶʱа취ˣǻʲôɣ
δ뿴˿̹Ƽֻﲻ֪ΪΣȻеЩˣɱžڣʲôҲȥ롣
ܹȥļǻΣ֮ÿһҲǻΪģǻԪͲͬˣʱħ֮ʼϵͽܣȴħĵ֮Ů£ݲǡ
·𿴴ʱ˼ḧգδ룬һжصģҵһطﳬκʲôħ֮𡣡
δһЦԪħˮħ;Ļгôһط𣿼ʹУԼѾ
δ룡ôˣ
û£ӣҡ㲻ء
Ȼ䣬δɫ԰ֽδ˵꣬ǰһڣʡ¡
ţ¼ɣɽǱ߶ȥ˹㳡棬պóŻδ뼱ҴҶһ޳δôˣ
εˣҼλϣ
áã𼱣δֻǰЩĹء
λϸԣ滨δ
ʱһһȥ磬һֱڵ⣬벽Ҳδ뿪綼ļ٣Сο޳㲻õģֻδָˣûˡ

ֵҹһ½𣬽ɽӳյóξ覡ڼλ϶ɴ֮£δת˹Ȳ˽ȥ˫ַ򣺡δ룬Σ
ûû¡
δҡҡͷ˿ɫЩ԰ףʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲֻĽϧ˽δǰΪ޸ѺۣĹȥɽؾָա
Ľϧڤļ㣬ڤɽġʮƴĳ˹쳣й޽⣬գҹδȫͣټĽϧ浤ҩ˽ǶƸ˳
Ľǰˡδ뻺߽Ľϧ΢΢Ҿʩһ

Ľϧ΢΢ͷߵߣȥ޳⼸Ҵδȥɽؾ˻ָɲصġ
δ뿴˿λĽϵǰΪŮбԼδȥؾˣֶв㣬Ľǰȥٺò˵ˣĽǰˡ
£ٲɣɽؾǱȥˣʱ죬ƬɽӳյϾһһľɼ
ĿŻδĽϧؾؾһһĻǵɽʹδ뿴߽һĻɡ
ãվԵС޳ǻȥɡĸδˣһµġ

֪ΪΣüʼһɢȥĳƣհɽ±ߣδȻεֻΪǰЩĹ

ɽؾ棬ֻұϲԣɽ̲ԵأδȻܹܵ˵صĳĽǰչصĵط𣿴˴ȻԳɣȴص֧
һرϣŨˣǻҶʤ࣬Ľϧδˡ

δ뿴̹Եˮأʵڡô
Ľϧ˴Ƚȥ

δ̧ͷʱһƬֲøղǰôӸԭˡ
Ľϧ˴޵ˣҽŮ뺦ߡ
⡭
δͷһˣʵЩΪ飬Ҳֻú߽һȥ

˹ȥʱ䣬һ¹ǰ࣬δĽϧؾ˳ֻɫѣǰ˲֪٣ԪѾָ
ȻĽϧ˿̣ȴǰ˼ֳ⣬ãŵδ㵱治Ը
˵꣬δ΢ЦҡͷˣգлǰһָֻǻҶӣֻһö£ҲϣǰҪ
ҲգҲա
Ľϧһֵֻ̾ǹ˴ȴɽ޸Ѻۣʹ

δ΢Цѣȡ
Ľϧһֵ껪Сܱһ˸ӵԼЩ龫Ҫ֮գ뵽˴Щ磬˵͹ȥɡ

ڵ¹£Ľϧʱʱ￴ȥŮ֣Ҽδһ֡ʮܹһͬ֡һ֮ˣˣܱ˴˻⣬򡭡


0261 
˿ͥԺ棬Ľϧͣ˽Ų͹ﵽˣ޳ͬǰȥҶ
á
δ˵ͷٴĽϧҾҾ֣תͥԺǱȥˣĽϧվں棬ӰʧҹĻ֮У޳˽˿ﲻɵһ̾תȥ
صͥԺδȥǱߣˣ̴˳¹£ֻδһ˫覣ЦЦӣû

ɫѾָһʯ£δԾɳüչֹһıӣƤ˵Ľǰոҹģ˵ҶȥҶǰѻҶó㡣
Ҷӡ
շתգܹõҶˣȻȴʼո˲£˼֡
δ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһָߣҡҡͷʾʲôҲö˵
ȽҶڣסǹұԪ򡣡
δ롭
תͷǰ覵ŮӣԺﲻֻ˵һĻĻʶڣڤڤУ·һ˫֣˵֯һǰҲ޴նϡ

ڶ峿һȥҶ棬ֻλ϶ڣδɫֱָ֮ǰӢˬģЦɽѺѾ޸ҲǴԼˡ

۰룬Ż߽ˣ˵δȻɽ޸ѺۣôǰԼϷȻҲسŵ⻨ҶӽλԺ󡣡
˵գֻת˿ȥ˲ԥ̽󣬻껨Ҷȥ
Ҷ̹ԽԽǿϢҲԽԽǿԼһʱֻһű̹âӻ֮˳
ɲǼ䣬һ޾ϢҶδ뿴һƮڿеӣΪ֮ϢӣڿԵסǹˡ
ģһҶ˳䵽˻δϷһɱâʱȫȥӵĻһ㡣
໺ջ˹δϷسŵ⻨Ҷӣˡ
л
õҶӺ󣬻δȻЦȥӣպá˵꣬ӵ˹ȥ
ССӣȴǸеʮֳأδƴģ⣬Ա
ȥ棬˱ǴҪ뿪ɽˣɽǰ𽲻Щ᣺޳ãҾҪ켫ˣδ㣬λȥ𣿡
켫˴ʱٻȥˣ˵ȥµʺһ
Ŷ
죬ôһ˵Ǳǲ켫ˣҲ֪´ǺºεأҲ֪룬İ·Ѳʶ
δһЦȥãպԵԻ˵꣬࿴ȥ߶Ŷգ޳ˣĽǰʺһ
λȵȡ
ʱȺﴫһӵֻĽľ˳ƹأȻ޾ȣȴԲһտȥɫԾʮֲ԰ס
ʦ֣δãôˡ
𽼱ææ߹ȥסĽҡҡͷɿ֣ȥֵ֪޳ֵܾһǰһ޳ֵδлɣλȥ
δ֪˵Ǵɽʱ飬Ҳ̹̹֮ˣЦĽˣպԵټ˵գѧӵģ˱˱ȭ
˱㼴˽ȥˣʧĽ⣬õıˣҲӿͷֻ۾紵ЩˣԱ߽ϼʱģܲ˼ȴ̲סһ̾
뿪ɽ֮һ·ɽʹķȥҪҶӳɹڣҽͨӳ
ѾԽ֮ǰĽɽһϷδ˷ȥߵķ˿ȥȻˣҲȥʵδ룬ôˣ
û£ЪЪߡ
δֻǼ˵ؾãɽ޾ߣʱȴȻ˿ӵӣǽҶõˡ


0262 ٻɽ
Ŷǰˣ֪ЩϢÿɻã
δ뻰Ц˵ϣԼɽºԷһôӻֻɽ޸ôΣȻҲһ¡
ߡ
СﻰػϷޣ˱ֲ
ǡ
δһЦȻҲĻӦԷĺôǽʵ޷ҵһߺСƳһ֮˫һкѡ
˺ˣ˵ʹŲٵһξ룬˿̣;ĪҪ飬ҹζࡣ
Ȼǰ˵ˣǾǰġ
δЦЦٴɽʹǱ߷ȥˣ֮ôҴҵߣȴһĪҪ飬ǸոһɲԼԼܵһ˿Ϣ
Ȥ
ڶȥ󲻾ãǺȻһɺһӰ

ֻصоɽǶ³ɽɴѩӯߣ֮䣬ããһƬ
˶˷ǰУµĽӡûֻᱻѩڸǣڵٽɽ۵ĵطʹķѩѾСһЩ
㵽޳ӻλ롣
Ȼ䣬һѩŮӣŶжȥ˵ϣֻڵףصѾõ˻Ҷӡ
ɽںڤɽֹڣɱž˲СĲԶɽûжţ
δǰһӴˣʩˡ
ԡ
һ˹ƮƮڶǰȥ統һ࣬ʳ˼̻һۣʵڼ䣬ɷ˼Ρ
һΡ
δʵص

΢΢ͷʱ˵գһȥˡ
ڵȵʱɽʹɽ溮࣬һδں棬ֻʲô⡣
棬ϥãӲʵʱգһ䣬ȫϣ˭ģ
ǰλӣҲһλѣǹž֮ˣԶҽӦǲʶ
ܹ֮ˣַԶҽѣˡҶóɡ
ǲԸ˵ҲˣʹʣҲȻʲʲô
Ҳԥ̽Ҷȡ˳ֻ˶֮䣬һ㵭⣬˵ҲӳһƬɫ
һǰӣڻҶӣ̺Ψдܳõסڵ
ʩҪ˹ܡ
һ˵ţһ߿ʼָӡʩֻӴн룬ʩ֮£Ѱ֮ҪӵʮֽСġ
һҹʱȥˣʩ֮£Ҷȶ˷ɵڵ
˷ɱʮǣʱѰǿŶһ޶Ĳ֮ģٻҡ
һ˵ţһվΪʩ˴Ҳķ˲ٹþĻָԪ
лӡ
㲻лҡ
ִ˵ȥתסڿʼֻжʮʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬޼ɵòǶ֮Ӷ˻Ҷӵôޣʮ꣬һӿή֮ʱ㻹δҵǿŶһ޶Ĳ֮ģȻʱΪٸߣҲɡ
Ծڴˣ벻ţ㡣˵һ䣬תȥˡ

ȥ棬δ˳ȥһżʵΣ
Цδ룬˺ٵˣҹҽҶڡ
ӿһֻۣܱʮ꣬˵һδҵǿ϶һ޶ģɡ
仰Ȼ˵δģδվԱߣ仰һ˻ҶӣԲһŶһ޶ģһ޶ģȴҪȥδѰң
ʹ
ʱӺȻӻγˣȥһЦʥǰ
䵽棬м飬Ҫʹһ¡
Ŷ
ЦЦʥǰк£˵Ȼ֪޲ԡ


0263 
ƺ˿ͻδڳӲδ˵Ǻ£Ůӵλȥѩͤ
ǡ
ӹ˹֣漴ߵͻδǰǰ˸֣޳ӣδ롣
ȥΧҲûˣӲӵ˴޵ˣʥǰк£˵޷
ãŵȥˡ
Ŷ
һ˿ϸ΢ı仯๬ڣ๬ʹȴĪԨԴ
ǰɱžû๬Ҳûʹеֻһ鹬꣬ȴһϹҽ䡶Ƶھྭ롰ƪӶɱ
ɱӦศɣȴ֮˷磬ںעķѡ
๬˴šྭ뿪ˣʹšƪˣ˫䲻ڷĿɳ𣬵ҲӴ˲
ӣ๬÷ʦֶ÷ʦҲǵʦǳʦ㡣
ΪǳʦãǴηѣߵ˲࣬ǳһ֮ܲǿʹȻˣȴΪ֪ǨƣкüζЩ
ǵǳ뿪ʱ˼鹬ԼпӰֻʹδɣȴȽ̳˸ˡ
ԺʹˣߵɢɢʵȻֻʣǳͽ¶ˡ
ǳ֮ʣ촹Ѱһ֮أɽԸöˣ˵㣬Լش˵أֽƽѧԼƪ˽öˣҲδʹ֦ɢҶ죬㺬޶ˡ
˺ÿش˵أȴž֮ţǵʴӱ֮ܣ̶̰ʱ䣬ʹԽ÷๬ˡ
˿̣£ƽ޲ϣҲڷһ˿ӿ๬ڼǰˡ
֪
ŴԺϷָ˼ƽԶ£İƣǵĹȥİɡ
ͻδȥʱһĹ๬к˻ȥҲֻˡ
Ӳδ̻ش𣬹ãŵʥǰҪʵģ£
ҡҡͷʵ֪๬ģǺ𣿡
ǰ˼ʾ£ɢİƣ÷ʦһֻ̫֪࣬˵Щ꣬õһϹ顭ű䡣
Ϊ飬֮ϧҡȴҡͷ̾ϢɫЩʹࡣ
ȴûʲô仯ֻصʦӣòõ飬ƴҲὫ鴫ȥԡ
˵˴ǺȻʶʲôתſӣʥǰΪʦⱾ飬˰ɣ
Ȼᡣ
ӿ㵱ȥ๬δҵⱾ顣
ǡ
ӵһЦԣƬֵ̣ǻʥǰΪʦ鴫˭ˣ
ϲӦյһӣһӣŲ꣬򲻻ӡǣһ๬޷׷ٵ÷磬һƴͽܣžű뿪
һ˵ţɫڱǰ˼ǡ
÷һô㣬ôµͽܣ;ɺϣ˿һͽܣӦòǹž֮ˣϧңҲ
ŴԣӸɫ΢΢һ䣺ǹž֮ˣѵǡ

δ룬㿴Щѩ𣿡
ѩͤ⣬ֻİѩƮЦҼǵ˵ľ֮Ψѩѩһ֣δ뻨
˵˴תһЦҲ֡
ԭ㻹ǵá
δ΢΢һЦ֣һƬ׵ѩָ⣬Ȼȴָ¶ȣʧ
һɲǣֻҲһ֮ɫһûصѩôҴңȥҲҴң֪ܷ꣬ټ
δ롭
Ȼ˸УҲ΢΢һᰴֱϣǸδ룬ǹ龫֣˴
ڴˡ
ʱֻӲ֪ʱѵͤ⣬δתȥ޷ŵ˸Уǰˡ
飬׼׵𣿡
Ӳδ֪ͤ˿ʣǰҲҪҶһȥԪ𣿡
Ԫ򡭡
תֶƮİѩһ˾£صϷҲкþδȥˣȥȥҲ޷
ͻδվͤУ˴˶һۣ룺ȻЩˣ


0264 
ˣʲô˳ٳٲתʵ
δһЦǰ˴ҶͬУٺò
ȴ룬Ӹӵ˵ʲôͻȻЩ֣ΪģòȥԪ򣬵֮ǰĻҲһ˵໰Ὺ˿ȴ˵ף
Ƿ룬ϷΪλȥԪ򣿡
һ¿˼˴ҪȥԪʵҲԭһɱž̫࣬ʵˣߣȥԪָʵ
ȻûС
δһЦ˳ȥֻǱߣǰѾ𣿡
ǵǣɫѲ磬߰ɡһǰȥˡ
뻨δһۣҲ漴ȥ
뿪ɽ󣬿ӲתСӣԪǱߣŶٳˣ
ܶࡣ
ֻ򵥵֡
ܶࣿж٣磿
΢΢Ŀ⣬
췱ǣɾ
һ˵ţһǰȥ
ô˵ߵĻδҲһ£ּɫЩ漴ӦЦǰ˵ЦģǰĪҪ档
Сӡ
俴һۣģ޲һƽСĸΡ𾴡

ºϾԵɽɽƬɳĮʱδȻͣͻȻֹʵδ룬ôˣ
δתʱһ·Сӣôܾãһ·˸ţ
޷߰ɡ
δԵ⣬δתֱӽɳĮ𣿡

ҡҡͷȥһط
ȥһطδ뿴תһˣͷá
峿ʱ˿ɳߵĵȻҲǵãʱҲӻγˣǰһƬɳ˵ǰһɲСӣȥʲô
ȥǰߴһˡ
˵ţȥӦǰٶǰǸˡ
Ŷ
˫Ŀ΢΢һ뵽ʧǾһĻ񶼻Щ
ǰԿ٣ȴ⼸а㣬ȲѣֻȥԱԪ꣬ȴδѰٵһ
ֱĳһ죬Ȼһ˴֮ˣַ˵ʺԼȻܹɹȴ˴֮£ǿ־ʧܣԪش
Ƹƴһ֮ʱԶȴһڷһ˲㽫֮˾ˣǺڷ͸ĿϢǸеЩľ
ǰôˣ
δɫȻ쳣̽Կʵ
û¡
ӻعԶķȥʵһֱ֪Ҫ˾˭ϵĸ֣ʱĻҪԷҲ׾١
ȻǸ˴ˣʱѾûϢȻ޷ɹǣǺǵڷ磬־ʲôˡһУԵ쳣ܡ
ǡ߰ɡ
δҲٳɣɳǱȥˣҪǸˣҲܿˮʯˡ
˵˿ɳżһǰӣǸҲǴɳĮһ߹Ůӣϲɵ΢΢һǡ
ǰò
΢΢˹֣̼ǵõմɳĮʱȴһƷ˿ɳǴǰ˸ͼ뿪Ҳһ
ǴҲŸһֱŴɳĮһǸӣһȾٶ꣬ǧ˿׷
㡭
Ŀһۣܵ޵ϢʱвΪһǵһǰʱ˵ΪԼ֮£ΪѾԼ֮£
һǰ뿪ˣ񣬻
ʱȻһŮֻһӰ˳һ£׷ѩ쳣䣬ָǿ磬絶棬һ±㳯ͷץȥ
С㡭Ҫ
һͬСɣһǰʱ˵ΪѾʮֲͣһ꣬Ϊɲ⣬СֻУܻĶ֣
Ȼδ֣ĵУվԭأԷҲ˵һ֡
ָջͣǰȴҲδգһ¡
ߣ
֪Ķ֣һɳĪΪ֮


0265 
Ϊһ˶ص
ʲôˣ˫Ŀһ˿̵Щ䡣
ٶ꣬Ⱥˡ
ƽƽɫȴǺȻһ䡣
뿪ɳʱίйԷǸ˵Ļתһ仰ѵô졭е˵Ϣˣ
šģ
תſȥԷʱɫбˣһߣ޹ء
ˣһɫܵ治ȴˣЩֺοɳĮץô˱ʣ
һ˵ֻ꣬ת˻ȥǰߵͻδǰְ˸֣롣
ȥһڵ֮ϣһŮӣʵҲΪˣٶҹŵ˻Ȼϣȴʯ󺣣һһ㣬ʹ׷Ⱦ˪
˿̱װģʵȴҲƽϢٶˣʼյȺֻ򵱳˵һ仰
ڿȥӼУϣ㿪ʵѾˣ
ٶǰȥ켫
켫
ԣһ𣬶ڵ֮ϣװĮģʵҲǲӿ켫Ȼȥ켫ָ뱨𡭡
Ŭʹƽʵǽ켫ˣ
ҡҡͷõһö켫ƣһʱʧˡ
Ȼ
ճյЦЦһΪʧˣôͨ켫ȥˣгޣδз¹
˿δ˵ʱϸΪµ˷һʮصԲŰʩһʱʧܣʱ꣬µҲһֱΪ»ġ
ǡأȥģżʵ
õö켫ʱ˱ɽׯ⵽˱ɽׯ׷ɱ
µ˸˵ģһһ˳źɫøӽʱ꣬˿ţ·һ㡣
ʵ׷ɱ𣿡
ûС
һ˵úأ󱻱ɽׯ˱£Ȫɡȥ

һΣҲ̲סʹӹȥȪɣʹΪٸߣҲԻҲ벻ֻء
ʱ˵ôأӹһ٣뵽˴̲סٶ꣬ȴûлѵѾ𣿲ܣ˵ģ˵ģ
ۼЩ˫ҲѪ˿ʵټ׷ȥȴò֪ʲô£Ҳûл
ó˲Ǹı֮ˣȴΪʼղСһۣʵ𣿡
ûС
ɫʣص֮£Ȼ˹ȴ˶ᡣ
˵ʲô
һΣɫһ䣬ҲվȻһµĺ⣺Ǻ˶
ؽţ˲δɹ
˵ţŰδ뵽뿪ɳ󣬻ô¡
΢һ˼ʵǺأΣ
һ˾ˣӴѶȫޣֱʮ󣬱ɽׯһҹ䱻Բ֪Ϊ
ѻ˵ˣе飬ǲܴӵ֮ˣɳĮȵǸˣֻʵ֪ǵڷ˭
ԭ
˵֮ϣֳճյЦˣԭĹͻָˣΪΣȴҲûлΪʲô
ˣѴ¾Ͳٴˡ
վ䲻֪Ϊδûٻعɳ˱ضǲԸκ֪ţȻȴʮ˱ɽׯţһԵԵЩ̫˵˶ΪˣͲȥ˱ɽׯҪһ
оΣҲ޴Ӳ²⣬Ψһܽ͵ģг̫أи֮ˣҲŹ
㡭ǴɳĮһˣ
˿żҪߣʵҲȻվ˵ʲôȴȴϵС㣬㲻ȥ
ҡ
գ˻ȥȴǶ˻һһҲֻ۾ҲȻ
΢΢˹֣ˣ뿪ˣˣһὫ˵գ뻨δȥ
뿪ɳɳĮıԵֻǰɳ͸һŨŨϢ
δȻͣ˽ŲѾµ˭ˡ


0266 ٶ
Ҳͣǰһ޼ʵĻɳҲµò˾ٶǰȥǸˣ顣
ٶǰԪ淢һ𾪸ɵĴ£ϵΨһͽܣͨħ̣ɱˣ֤ʵħһͰģƺʦһƪžйء
δ뿴˵Ǹˣ飬ȥ󣬴ӴκѶλҲˣ˺ŵҲδλϣӴû䣬һˣֱʦ˰£̳һΪϡ
δ룬ô֪Щµģ
Щؿ벻Щ£Լ֮ǰ֪ȻӸҪʲôˣ
δһЦش⣬ԶޱɳĮ˵˶ΪѾˣҲҲȴ֪ǴδѲΪ˱׷ɱԴԽɳĮȥɱž
˵֮ﲻ̾һֲõʦֵʱ򣬻ɫ䣬ֲ£ٶǰĪԭˡ
һУй̨λɨˣӶѲʶã˭뵽ǵλϣ˭뵽ʦ
ֻٶǰǼԪĴ£澿Σûڳ׷飬ʣµģֻһ޾ĳޡ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬һֲõԤУڴ֮ǰһֱеЩڿĲûԭ
鵱츳ʦ֮£Ϊѵʮֿµĳ̶ȣⲢµģµڰûܹҵõ˶ΪѾˣѾǵˣȴһֱԪ򣬰вһС
δ롭ӦþȥЩĸоʦ׵塣
ӣȵȡ
δȻס˵ѵûз֣飬鵱飬к֮ܶ𣿡
֪
˵ͷ飬Ȼδǹ棬Ҳѱ˷룬˶ħˣһղһҲ޷ϴס
ȥ󣬵һЩ
δ뿴һ̵ɫκʱҪԵأ֪ԪǷƱĪ⣬һУҲ޷
û£㲻õġ
ᰴ˰֪ǣѷǵǸӿɱȡ
Ϊδϵ֮ЩȥľһβС࣬ȴƪĹƲ֮Ц쵱ڵľǰµഫĴƷ
ͨһ޾ԪӤǼŵˣ㲻УҪȫˣҲʲô¡
˽һµʱ䣬˲ŴԽɳĮɳĮԴԽƺλҲò޷Խˡ
ȥȥɱžԽƬɳĮʱɳ棬ȴżȻһڵص׵ϹżϹżӦѾʧҵһֵʯ̣ûи߻δ롣
߰ɡ

ɫٴζ̣ûãܿǰֵɽֻص˵޼Ͷɻ׷ɱĵط˿вЩп
ʦʱ֣ЩЩˣ˵ָ𣬵٣ʵѲЩ֮¡
Ѿ˶ǶһɽϣҹĻ֮£еƻ貣ɼһƵΣ¥
Ƿ¥֮һɲŮĵط
ǳеƺ̣δ˵ɱ˶Хĵ߸ӣɲŮȥ޼ֳСĶ
˵˴תͷЦЦɲŮúɣҪȻһأ
ǰ˼ɽ´ĺ磬˿ȴ˵Ц𵱳һУǸҥȥ¥ģҲǶԷȥɱžҹµˣȻȴʹҵ˹ڵ
˿ϸϸһΪξ˰ŵģ
Ǹǰĳҥʲôˣ˵ݺԼţҲ˵ˣΪ֪ô£֪Լڵɡ
ԡ
ʱкȻʯһԪƹܣ룬ҥмô죿ôһСĲˣֻ˭


0267 ɲŮ
ôˣ
δͻȻ˼ʵ
û¡
ع벻ΣŶƱƽҥҲȻͬСɣǸ˭һˮʯ
룬Ǽ£ôδʵ
ҡҡͷҹĻµ¥࣬ԶֻһԽǽӽģֻԻĵļ󡣡
δ뾲ֱڣŻȻ֣ǰѾǵǸֱײˣЦ˵ûڣһҳ󱳺ࡣ
δ롭
ȻתͷһΣҪԵĵˣܻǿǿ޷󡣡
صġ
δһЦһ̺ȻǱˣֻı£Ҳذвˣߡ

΢΢ͷһʧ˲ãҹɫ֮¡
ҹķ¥һƽֻŨŨ֬£ŵģǿɱ
ɽ
ϴһ¥˽ˣȴʱ¥ﴫһŮӵöԹ񡣡
Ȼʶͻδ룬ŮԱÿȥͷֵˡ
ֻ¥߳һӰЦӯӯɲŮ£¥ʮ֮׵
ӣþò¥ڸ롣
첽ְ˸֣Ϥδǰ˵һɲŮƺѾ֪ˡ
ȥ¥һװηĸݣһ齣һˣʹһɴڵҲڲסǾòǷ¥¥ɲŮ
ɲŮĳδ¥ȴ
˵ţҲƸʱǰ˵ȥʱɲŮŴ첽߳Цһ಻Ϊ¯࣬ҵµˣԪӤˡ
ֹҵµǰ
һ˵ţһδ뿴ȥδ룬λǷ¥¥¥ָ㣬Ҳȥž켫ҵĹµǰ
δݸһЦ¥
Ŷλǡ
ɲŮĿ΢΢һǰŮϢһȻЦ˶һλˣ룬һλòɵļˣһᡣ󣬹˹֡

Աһвɵһ𣬵Ҳ޹ȣɱžĻ֪ʲôԪ֪ܲԪ÷ӿܹ뼸ħڷͥģһˣ
δԪħУλǵУ˵ң¥ħǼħڵˣҲҪ֡
棬ݲͬݲ¼ħͷһţֻǲ²ݣǴο϶ˣǿµĽԤϡ
ȻһԪħҲ˫֮ɲŮˣȴҲȻҵ
δһЦ˵ڼ¥֮ǰҲδԭɲŮǾһˡ
ɲŮЦССһ¥ȡ˵꣬ȥ֪Ӵ˴ζΪ£
ڿˣ˵ҳǰ𣿡
ǰ
ɲŮһЦǰһײβȥ٣Щɣǰϸ뿪ˡ
ϸ뿪ô
Ȼ˰ûãȴδվʵδ룬ô
ûҳȥһ£ȻδҡҡͷɲŮһۣ㼴תȥˡ
˺һżȥôãƺʲô£ʵôˣ
û
δЦЦƺɲŮ˿ڳЩ²˵ɲŮȴƿʲôЦŵ˵Ԫ£Ȼδ빬ȴδ
δ뵭һЦЩС£ǻᴦ
Ҳǣ㿴⡭
ɲŮĶͷЦٻؾ¥С´¶ҪΪ
˵ȥɫδ빬⣬ڷ¥ЪϢһҹ߰ɡ
;洩ԽɳĮǴϢٶ̣˿̼δƺȻм¡
˵δȴЦˣǾ鷳¥ˡ


0268 ͻ
ҹϰϰȥɲŮŵͥԺ¥δأ뿪Ԫһ࣬Ҳ֪ʲô£ʵδ룬ôˣ
ûʲôЩС£˻ᴦ
δһЦΪ˲⣬ֿЦһɲŮȻúܺÿأֲøոĳЩ˴ӽȥ󣬾һգգض˼ҿ
ҡҡͷ˿˵Ц˴λԪҲ֪Щʲô鷳ЩһֱֲõԤС
δ˼ʵôˣ
û£ֻǲ֪溽Σͺȿǡ
һ˵ţһߵ̨ߣŴ£̼ǵ뿪֮ʱҹĻһ˼ңȻ밢ȴֻܸ»ŴһҲֻͬ
ãһȥ
δߵԣҲΣֲһ˻壬Ͼɽ£̫ˣб䡣
峿˱㼴ǱɲŮǰԪ˰µʱ䣬ŵɽؽ硣
һ·˶ߵʮСģϢڲסԪɱžһжСġ
ǰɽˣӡһЩ
ʱѾɽԼԼѾܹƵɽ壬ֻɽɽˣ߷壬ƣܿ
ҺȻֲõԤУһЩ
ԽٽմСС壬ԽǱЩ֪µĲѾࡣ
Сʱȴվɾˮʹӣȴó֮У͸ŵȴһȮҲһ
δ˰ԣˣδ룬ǿȥ
һɲǣþ࣬Ҫţһ˲˴ȻӳǰģȴһƬɪ֮
Ҳ֣еֻһƬƬķݣ֧ʯ·ӲݴưСԺ

δҲһ˲׷˽ǰһĻҲԭء

ɫ䣬һǿʲôµ飬סСͥԺʱеϣһɲˣΪҽŴ˿̵ĺ磬ɢ
ֻͥԺ棬һС޳ɵķĹĹӲݲ࣬һ·أĹǰıϣдš֮Ĺĸ֡

һ̣Ƕ˻һŲǵǷĹȥڴ֮ǰһ˿ϣҲֻ˶Ǩˣڿˣûһ
ӡ
δҲ˽Ҫȥջͣ˽Ų˿̲֪ΰοԷȴֵ֮£ʲô벻ֻվԭأ
һ˾δ룬ȳȥɡ
Щͳκϲŭ֣δ뿴˵ͷá
䴵ôһƵǽϣ̴֮ǳڴ˴ļԩ꣬ڵŵһĻ
Բ𡭡һˡ
Ĺǰ˫ʮָѾֻ۾ҲѪ˿Ժһ鸡ŵģĻЦ
ʲôˣٸ޹ĴҲϷŹ
֪˶ã߻һǳǳĻҳ滹ͣһδ֯Ĳ

Ϥķ䣬ƿһҲ޷Ķһʱ䣬ȴʲôҲزȥˡ
˿棬δ˫üƵĴϸ̽ţҪҵһ˿˭ɱ弸ٿˣȻ࣬ƺȴֱڲصܲ͸硣
һ䵹ķʱδС˽ȥȴһ䣬һɫ΢΢һָ֣̱˹
Լ˰ʱ䣬ȥ棬վڴڣ½ƵС塣
̼ǵã֮󣬴Ҳˣڡǰһ֣壬ΪԶȻ˿̣ʵȴһУظϣ
ӡ
δߵߣҲĿ⣬ƵСȥʵոաҵʲô𣿡
ûС
δҡҡͷֵӣӦһǰٵġ
һǰ
ۣߴϷ֮Ǽٿ˵ԩ꣬ĿХţ顣
ʱɽϺȻż˴Ųƽкü߶
ӣˣߣ
δ䣬ʱǼȴ˽뻨δ롣


0269 
ǼˣǼλϵĵӣȨԨϵĵĹƣϵĵ¥ɽϲĵҶΣ໹ĵ
һüϵĵǧѩߣԼǧѡ
ˣߺҶΡ˵ΪԵһЩĹơ¥ɽǧѩǧˣȻһٮٮ֮
ǧѣЩΪУνͻͽѲĹǧѩ֮¡
һ̣˫Ĭţһʮȥˣǧѣû˵ʱһƮƮԽһʳ˼̻ӡ
ҲѳˣҲǸӵһ˿Ӱӡ
˾˴˿ţãǧѲǰ̤һԺټʱĳȴֻǾΥ֣ʦ硭
ֻ֣ȴһžȻһʯͷڱ˴˵ﵴһȦȦ
˵ЩԽĮ飬δǸΨһܹ֮ˣôǰŮӣǸΨһܹž޲ˮ֮ˡ
ֻʦ硱֣ȴһĴ̣һһش̻ţǴΰһͬ£һͬȥġ
˿̣ղδǧһ䡰ʦ硱ûӽˣ漸˶ĬĹƵѾתյͬʦֵܣǵˡ
ֻȻվԭأӸոտʱסˣԺһ鸡ֳģղطҹɷ񡱣Ǹ񡱵ꡣ
Ż䣬һѪҲԸµľǿʦܣɽǸ˵ЦʦܣҲǴ̨ػһħŮ׹ٲʦܡ
ȥûܹһΣ˶ΪһѾˣȻ˿̣ԷȴֻسǰȻʲôȴǸе˵ĺ䣿
Ǵ˿̣
Ҳͷ
˹ѲǸӡʱҲڲע⵽վԵĻδ롣
ǧѵһ±úŮ㺦ʦ磬񻹸࣡
δ䣬ֻһһѺâɽ˲˻δ롣

һ죬ָס˴ɽֻǽˮתȻ䲻ڽһ㣬һѡĸСȻɼǧѵˮŽ
˽ͬСɣټϽЩǧѵͻͽԽˮϣɺ֮Уֵܹסˮ˿̣ȴָסˡ
ĹƵ˾һ㵣ˮŽǧжھȻ

һ죬һӣһ½ǧ˻ȥĹƺ¥ɽʱȻѹǿ
ʦ硭
ǧҲסˣȴǾΪǸոһɲԷҲûһ˿յ⡭̺ˮ顣
ʦܣ
Ҳڻعǰһ̤˵û̫ˣʦ֪һܸˣʦҲ˵ˣǴεѲŲֻ֣Ҫ
ʲôʱ˵Ҫˡ
ؿһۣһ̵񣬾Ҳ̲ס˸ǰˣĻǵʦΪ˱ˡ
δ룬ߡ
Ը⼸˾תȥһ죬Ȼֽסʦܵȵȣ
к£
΢΢תͷȻʮֱ䡣
˿㲻ܸߣ㲻֪Щʲô£
ˣ
ѻ˵꣬һصһֱһʲô
˵ʲô
ŴԣߺĹƼ˸ǻһ𣬻δ˼ȴ߸ղŵĻʲôʵ㷽˵ҶЩʲôЩʲô
ŮԼʲôѵﲻҪװģǧĿһ䣬䣬϶ʱһ㺮âϢȻǿ
Ŀ⵭ȻǴǰһʲôˣЩˣҲ޷Ǳ統һǿиδЩĪеν
οռ屻٣ȥңʲôνˣҲȥ֤ʲôˡ
ӡ߰ɡ
δҲȥʲôˣȻת뿪֮ʣǧѺȻһ
һĽƲɵֱԲһƴ顱һֵסĽĿ䣬һ仰Ҳδ˵
ǧʹ֮ɫһûҡͷ˵ǰһУ㵱涼𣿵治ϻͷô
ΪûԽղŲɱǣٸ裬ݹĳ顭
һɲǣøӺˣҲǸһ


0270 ۶
Ĺơ¥ɽ˶ʶԪо룬ڼλ϶ڣֻǼ˵ĻһŮ
á
һɲǣǧҲ¶˾һ㣬ü˵ȲϻͷҲŮ뿪һҲһٴҶҪȥʦ壡
䣬ֻһ¼ˮŽ϶ʱâʢܣҲһ˲ǽ⣬Ǵ͸Ϣѷǵɱȣ
ĹƼ˾δ뵽ԭΪѵĺڣֹǾˣ
ƾô
Ȼȴ䵭һ˵꣬ҲȻת˾ɲǼ䱻һâ֣ƾĽҲԴơ

һǧѳֽ˹ֻ֮£ľʯ˲仯һƬ촷ۡ
飡
ոĲԪܣһֱӱ˫ˮŽˣһһ㣬Ҳڽ֮±飬һѺâĳѴ̵ǰ

һ죬ȴٿ̧˫ƣмһϣס˴ˮŽǧƲɵƣԼ˼֡
ʦ磬ΪŮ㵱治ϻͷô
ǧѵϣ¶˼ʹ֮ɫ֪ǰˣѲմʦˡ
ͷǺǡ
䲻ȵһЦ˫һ𣬽µʱѿʮѺۣ֮Уֻǧǲһһֱӱ˳ȥ
ʦã
ǧѩһ˲佫ȣҲδ뵽һΪ೤Ҳˡ
عңȥסŮ¶йأվߣ
ǧԪһٴ˹ȥָֻһüһ㣬ͷʱһ۶ӡϢһ˲ǿ
üĵ۶ӡĹƼ˽һ𣬹ֲΪԭ޳ˡ۶ݹ۹Žǧ꣬Ҳֻһ޳ɡ۶ϣȴٶһˡ
ν۶ǽ񡱾һϣںϡ񡱡顱֮ڶӴٲ֣򷨲֣ħ֣
ݹ۹ŽʿΪ黯ֶ֮ͨˣȴҲʼ޳۶ɼһߡ
ǧѾֻǳ۶ҲƷͬСɣۼƴδɫ΢΢һ䣬ӣģ
ȻĻ˵¥ɽǧѩȥӣħ̵ˣοǣµŮԽղڷǶݻδȥ
ʦ㣬ǡǲҪˡ
ֻʣһ޴վԭأۼ˫ԽԽңһʱҲò⣬ҲóȻɽϼλϴȥѶ

죬ֵסǧѵνһߣδȴܵĹƼ˵ֹһʱ̣Ҳֲֻüɻɡֵ⼸˵Ĺơ
Ƭ̺󣬻δƾʱĹƼˣһ˲ɵߣӣˣȻᾪʦǣ߲ˡ
ȻҲһ㣬ԸˣҲֻһھ˲仯һƥһǧѵˮŽ
ߡ
ٲͣȻŻδȥ֮ʱǧѺȻһεĽ˼£̺
źЪֻǰˮŽɲǼ仯ǧ˷ǵسնȥȻ춯ء
һС̺ǧѺԼһ˴ˮŽ롰ˮ顱ӳҲͬУħͽܴ˽ʽֻΪԵ֮ˣһ˲Ҫڽ֮
һƽδͳת˹µ˴ڵġƷֻǲǵֶĽһ˲䱻һȻǧѵ˹ȥ
ģ
ĹƼ˴ʧɫ뵽һȻϰ˹챾£ǷӦֻ¡һ죬쳾֮У˽Աõ˳ȥǧѼʱֻ¼˷ǵشɡ
Ȼ쳾ɢȥ֮ʱȴҲͻδ˵Ӱˡ
ʦ硭
ſһ˵ĿҰٿŸһƬǧӿһ࣬Ժﲻֻ˶ǰһɽСʱĳȴǡҲǡ
֪һټʱ˻᲻Ǳľˡ

ĺɫʱ뻨δѾԶɽĵؽ磬һ֪С
˲ָ࣬¹һ꣬ﻹżζԼһ˿޵ıɱ


0271 
˿뻨δȻ˶ϣڽϣЩע⡣
ֵֻߣӶţҹδ٣ҼһȴѴŽգδԵЩ졣
Щ֣һЩ
δСѣȴδ⣬˿вһжĮģδҲˡ
˺ü֣ϱ߳ҵһջֵǣ٣ջȴסŲˣ˵ȴֶС¸ǽжһԿջʮְ
λ͹룬ס껹ǡ
ͷ
ǣ͹롣
Ҫ˺Ժ᷿ҹĻ棬ûƵƣһڴϣһĻԾԺ֮ȥ·ֻҪһۣͻῴմѪǰ
δ룬˵弸ٿˣǺɱЩͳͳҹԵð
δֻǾؿû˵ó˿޽ʢãŵţҲ룬ֳһ顭
顭
һɲǣһûδҲ̲ס˸üŻع
ոôˣ
û¡
ҡҡͷָȴԽԽˣ֣˿̾ҲĨɷȥ
δҲ֪ҪΰοֻЩ£Ŀȫǵһˣһˡ
Դ˿ֻ̣ܲ⣬ȥתעʵҪȥ𣿡
ۣȥȡ
֮ǰ뿪ȵʱӦ溣ûҵδ룬ȥڣȴλȥȥ溣һеֻġ
ҳһ𣬷·ֻߵ˴ֻҾǡ
ꡣ
˵꣬δִҡͷ㲻ҪһУĴܶ£ڤڤ֮עҲֻһ㲻Ľ١
١
ۣҪȥȡҪҲãԹҲգҪȥһˡ
á
δ˵ͷ˾ڷĬ
˺þãҹĻȫʱȻнŲδ볯濴˿Сҳȥһ£ܿͻҲҪȥ
ȥɡ

δ뿪󣬹һȻ˿ӵСӣǸСѾͷȻ޳۶ٹ꣬ͲĶˡ
˵ʲô
䵭հһĻеʲô棬һʼǧʱ򣬾עǰ;츳Լ֮ϣûʲôֵġ
ǺǡСӣʶ»֪ʲô۶ɣ
ٴδ˿ӵȡҪ˵ʲô˵
۶ҲȫȻ֪֪ʦ޳۶˴ԣʦһüϾһ۶ӡ۶ģа֣޵ڶˡ
ٺ١
ӻγˣԪڻֻԻ֪磬ʲôҲհʱ򣬱ǸӦǧ۶Ϣˡ
СӣϷ㣬۶˶޵ãСӣⱲӶ޵۶ˡ
˻
մȾħԪ֮޵۶
ӿһۣ㣬Ѿͷʼ亱Ԫ֮ΪΨˣл޳۶޳۶֮󣬱Ҳκħħ֣ɽ硣
ħ֡
һɲǣƺʲôֲЩħ˶ôʦԭʦħħԪ޷ȾϴɽǼħͷҲʦû취ֻʩԾɱס
ԭʦֲЩħˣȥ
ӺٺһЦҵǺܺ棬Ѿͷ޳۶˵
û˵ǧܹ޳۶Ǳ֤һ㣬ħˣħˣûħֻҪħմһ˿ϵͻᵼԪ֮Ǿ;Բ޳۶
ħˣݣ־ʲô
һ˿ϸϸ䣬֮ǰҥ˵ﱻ˰һʱ뵽ıǧѡ
ΪǼ£ɵڱ｣⽣ʦʦֻԼһˣԼҲֻǧ˽֮⣬ϻк˻ʹ｣
ǧѣҲԼܲʦɱЩ˰ɣ


0272 ʬħ
ٴϸ䣬ɽȷʬʱǰ鸴ӣϾʲôˣŻӵɫ
ԭһµǰľһʼϷˣһ·׷ȥʱɫް˴һۣ׷ں棬޷˾˭
ʱٻ裬˼ȻɱɵˣһħˣԼʱһʦúˣ϶ǰʦá
ŷ˾δ룬ԼҲδδ룬Եʱһɲǣ˶סˣ֮ǰһУһ˲䱻ˣκ˶ôһ˲ʧ˭Ҳ޷⡣
ϿʱΪһɲǵʧ񣬲űһϵ鶼һ˲䡣
Ϊϻһ˲ʧΪλӵΪǸˣһ˲䣬֮ǰȫˣΪ˲ħˣǡˣ
ͨһкȻ׹ɺ̶һֻеһⲻϮˣɱôˣħΪһΪ
֮УԼǧѣ˭｣ѵǡǧѣ

ǧѣɱôˣħ֣λܹ޳۶
ٺ١ôСӣһ۶Ͱųˣ
ӼɫȻЩɷףΪΪ˵۶֮£Ц۶ȻҲûһ˿ɳ֮϶һָĶΪʬʬħΨһܹȾ۶ĶһʬħȾٺ٣ƾٸߵĵУҲһջᱻħ
Ȼ
˵˴ɭɭЦЦ˵ǵһʬħǱ޾κħ֮ȾٶħΪЩħ֮ᱻʬħһһʳ
ȵȡ˵ʲôʬħ
Ȼ̧ͷӺٺһЦô֪ˣǲǺȻԼǰ֪ߵغҪʵˣ
˿һŵӣӴãǿԷ֮ǰĿһеӲ˳ۣ˵һЩСӣúܸˡ
㣬ո˵ʬħʲô
١СӣҲи̵ӣƾʲô㣿
ۺ룬ͷصǰ˼ӣüʵãţһǰʬħʲô
ⲻͶӿɽҲ
бһۣ渵֮ˣնʬϷҲ⣬ʬʬ񡯣¼ôնʬһ£ʬȥ˺δ
δ
üʵ
Цһ޷ǻε֮䣬ǾһԽԽ֮࣬ҹпγɡʬħħְ֮µĶõúãħɣòãʬħԣͬᣬϧţʬħ۶ҡ
һ¡
Ȼʵո˵һʬħ
Ц𽥱ʬħʴ£ʬħԣҲ޾ȣʬħ޾κħ֮ħЩħ֮ˣǧټҪѰһֻʬħ
˵˴ȻԸһ̾ϷѰһֻʬħǾħˣնƨʬ˵һħһһǧеɣôɣʲô٣󷴵ƣ˲ˣ²š
û˵ʲôˣʲôʬħô޾κħΪκȻֲõĸо
ӺȻ˷ܵ٣СӣҪȻ㲻ҪʲˣϷȥһֻʬħʬħɣպ˵һħ񣬵ʱ۷涼֣֮Ķȥˣգ
ʱȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ֪δˣûӣȥţֻδҴ˽ּææŹϣһֵӣʵôˣ
ҡ
δ̧ͷģЩΪѣδżֹӣǷʲô£ٴʵ׷ʲôˣ
ҿ޷һͬȥˡ
δǽ仰˵˳֪ضǳʲô£˵߾Ҫߣʵ׷ʲôҪȥģһ𡣡
á
δҡҡͷӿȥǰʱҲڣĲᷢɷġ
ߣ
һһģ
δҲûʱȥ˵ˣӣģҲ£鴦ˣҾ㣬һö㣬ʱҾҵ㡣


0273 ٵ
ԥڻǽһö㽻˻δ룬ʶδѾã֪Է¶СӦҲԼ̫ǡ
δ룬Сġ
ö㣬ȻҲܹҵԷֻΨһĵģϴĹֲٴ󶯹
㲻õġ
δ˵ͷӿȥǰҾȸˡ
ɱˣϷ򻹵ĳŵۺ룬ĵص
δЦһŵ׷ǡ˵գ˿ųŶȥӰʧ
ʧıӰǰЦ䣬޷ΪԼģԽˣԽ˵˴֪Ǳ߾ʲô¡
˶Զˣʲô᲻ãȥ׷
бԴϷʵ˵һ䣬תǰ˵ЦǻѾָˡ
㡭Сӡ
һۣ֪ΪΣֻҪһСӿ˵֮£СѾͷ˵ϲ
һЦСӣղŸ˵ʬħҪȻȥֻʬħСѾͷ˿Ҳڣ
֪Լ˵˵ĵҪңǰһȥҰɣ»ҪͲˣǡ
٣Сӣ㲻֪жϷϷǡ
ǧǰǰǰ£кθɣοǶЩȥˡ
֪һڻþˣƵûţ߶䣬˿̲֪ΪΣ̲סҪ졣
㡭
ӱһ仰˵óˣӦǲȻŭȻŭǣڣȴȻеһӿͷ˵ˡ
ң뵱꣬ʥֺصķȴ޼ʶˣݺһ˿ȴֻС飬һԼ
תȥպÿһ˲įǱʲôһ¡
һ̿ӵ񣬾뵱ɽ棬뿪һǰԼʱһɲǣô
ݺ޵Уȴˣǻ꣬ҲѱԼǾ仰֮ԣʱ˿˵ȴδЩˡ
뵽˴вЩǸ֮⣬˵ǰһգػص۷ġ
Ӳһ㶣̧ͷСʲôʱѧ˵˻ˣ
ȿȡ
ΪΣ˵߰ɣδˣҲˡ˵꣬ȥˡ
Сӡ
ں濴ҹɫ˿ˣһŵӣһʧȥһеľ֣˴˿̻м֡ͬ䡱ζ
ȥ⣬ҹɫֳ˼֣Ҷɢ˺Ϻѻ˷ɶȥһ£ƶ¶
̧ͷīʣ˿ϸϸȥɱžһ·ȥɱž·ΪָԪӤҲɣΪҵڵ
·ڤڤУһжаš

ڵĺԶһƬɽ֮У֮ң򽻽紦ǲطڣƿУ⾪Ԫɣͽһ鷳
ºϴ뿪һ¡
ϴ뿪ʱĺʱڣֵ³ģȱȵůһЩϪٻʢȺԶ׵ɾԴ
˿ϤޱȵĻС·ϣһΣȴ쳣أųصĲҲĹۻ
̼ǵõ֮£֪˭͵ģ溻˰ʱֻ˰ʱָ뿪ʱһ׻Ѫ룬֮á
أȻȴԼ٣Ҫθ
ԽԽǳأ֪ѾСݸɣɽˮҲɣݺȴһƬ֡
ջСͥԺȥȻ⣬ȻӰƾն֣һ˲סȥ·
ֻϽһɷһһŮƤ𪣬һɴ̹ǵĺ⡣
һˣǵֻҩˣʱ溻߹ҩ˺Ϳܵ벻ֻҩˣȵ뿪֮ʱ࣬溾ʲô
Ӱɲ
ʱǼﴫһŮֻҩһ˲仯ɢˡ
ֻ򿪣߳һŮӣŮӴһǳɫѣ˵Ǻ䣬Ǳʲô
֮󣬲֪ΪΣһ̾оǺȻİ࣬ãղŻ֣溽㡣


0274 
㡭ˡ
Ҳؿ
΢У˾˴˶ţᴵ󳤳ͷƮƮ칬һֻȴ˸еֺ䣬Զ߽
أ溾Ǳһһǵ࣬˵ҲˣǰҽģҲǹǳǳЦݣȴ˼ִ̹ǵĺ⣬˲ɿ
ߵʱߣֱ˿̲ʶԼѾϣʣµģΨһˡ
Ǵ˿̣֪Ҫȥ飬ѾԼԼúǰЩ̫һˡ
溽㣬ˡ
ˣ
ñǰÿˡ

΢΢һ£תȴһҲû䣬ɡ˵꣬Ժ˻ȥ
վں棬΢΢һЦȴӳˡ
ȥ溸һ裬Ĭ첻ʵΣҵ𣿡

˵ͷģʼջ飬ʵҵģ
ɱž
ɱž
ʱɫȥɱž
ôˣ
һ̣·Ҳϵ仯ЩʲôǺܿ죬ɫָ糣ҡҡͷֻû뵽꣬㾹ȥôԶĵط
һҲ֪ɱžЩʲô𣿡仯ʵ
㾿˵ʲô
ûС
΢΢һЦҡҡͷвյ˿裬Ҳ࣬˺þã̧ͷ溣˵溽㣬м¡
㲻˵Ѿ֪ˡ
һݣֹģ溱Ѿˣȴû뵽˿Щ΢΢ؿ㡭֪ˣ
ϸ²ŵ֪ġ
ĬĬͷȥԲ
¡
ȴ쳣ƽû˿ԹȣȴЩסˣΪδ˿̣溽ƽ
ƽþ˵һ޹ص飬ʲôʱ򣬱䵭ˣȫ
Ȼ䣬𵱳һΣܵɽ棬ײʲôʱǹʮֹ죬ʲôҽ꣬溵Ϊ֮ߣҲ䵭࣬ѵаŹô
溼Ȼʵ꣬ûоòʡ㻰ء

Żعֹֿһָۣһȥģȴֻ˫üԽԽ̧ͷɫصؿᡭ
֪סԼҽ˵ãù
±㽫Լһ£ںĻһ¸
ԻҶӵ
˫΢΢һ뵽ʲôʵⷽ˭ģ˭ʩڵģ
˿ȻЩ֣̽Եʹӡ
ӡ
ǲһ˿ϸ΢仯׷ʣĪ溽ʶӣ
溻عһۣôʶ
ֻʡ
˻ȥ溲ںϵĻڿܹã
Ȼܡ
һ˵ţһ̧ƣʱܳһɫĻ磬ֻǵ´ܶ˫ͫҲӳĻӰӡ
ĵĻ𣬿ãŵ˻Ƿʮѵãպдá˵꣬ȥ漸գһ¾⼸գ
˴ּתԺĲҩҲ鷳Ҵһˡ
á
˵ͷӸոյڣֲֻ飬иеʮ֣ǰ溣ȫȫ˸ˣѵһҲЩ˵Ҳ
ʣ¼գȥɽˣԺЩҩģ뵱ʧʱҲһƽССɽЩִһ
ʱȻδлһϡ죬˼ȥܸоǰЩռʱԷЩֵֹģԭǸˡ
ʱһżƬҶӴ˽ȥ˺ɽȣ溾ʲô
Ǻ棬ʱеһɺĹȺǲѵ±˳ϴε·ȥˡ
ɽ棬ֻ֣ȫͬʹһΣҲȻеʮֹ졣
ĵطס˺ֻǰ߲Զ¹һˣȻ溣ֻǴ˿ܹƣȥЩ¡
ʲô
ȥϢ߽һЩȻһɲǣȴ˿һһʱ˹ȥ
Ҳ˵㲻Ҫ𣡡
쳣ĵͳɭ䣬δӦ˲ǰһֻ̣ҲŤֻ۾Ѫ˳ģʮֲֿ
溣
Ȼ˹ѱ亹ʪ͸ԭոյһУֻһجΣֻΣΪʵ
ҹɫһȻӴ˽żƬҶ


0275 
˸ղһĻһжʵΪλ£
ȥ棬ֻϡԺҶϷɳɳ죬һĻ뷽ŵξΪơ
ȥǺɽĺ濴ȵʱһɺӹȵڸղŵξһΣ쳣Сġ
棬Χĺˣǳ֮ҹȴ¡Ҫ䣬ΧĻݲݣҲȾһ˪
ĵطһĽȻ֮ǰξһģһֻ¹£溱ƣ֪ʲô
һ̣ҲסˣϢصһ˿Ҳޣ㽫ʶ̽ȥʱȴȻһƺߣҹ˹ˡ
˭
һɲǣƺ˺ˣҲڲˣʯͷ˳С溣㡭

ٴηһƺߣֻ˫ֿٽӡڣ㲻Ҫ
վԭأټǰ֮ˣ֪˹ʱ˴ţ溿߻ħóȻǰ
Ȼȴʱڰ֮кȻ˿ӵȥһգ߻ħĵıҽ֡
˭
һͬСɣû뵽Ȼˣʵ˭
ĪҪģϷ㣬޴⡣
ӻ˵ţһֻ̣·ѾˣǺεȹ
ۼǱԽԽż߻ħ˵溽㣬㲻صģλǿǰǴˣɱžҲ١
ӡ
ɫЩɷףΪոһҲѪһ˲ǰסֿٵϼѨɡ

溷һƺߣȥԹ֮ɫһ˽ȣҲ˵һ
溽㣬Ǹǰδи˵λǰǴˡ
ߣ
溽ͷһƫɫȻЩֻǿڴʱȴ޷˹ҪһƳ
ͬʱ룬徿ʲôˣΪһ۾ͿԼɣһ̣Էһ仰һ
ϷµòŹһϹʱھѾʧľѧԻű䡯
ŴԺɫ䣺ʲôˣ

ӳ̾һ˹űȻ÷õֻһ㽫һ㡣
㡭
溸˶סˣԱߣҲˣԭ溵ʦ๬÷磬ĻЩӺδϰһ˵ҽͷǷ죿
֮ǰҲûв²Ǻʱ򣬵һУƺֻɺϡ
һƽֱ䵭Ҳ֪ǰ˵ʲô
ӵҲڲˣ÷ʶ꣬ӽһ죬ҾͷֻҩϣϢֻҩˣƵģ๬һҲƴ룬𣿡
溲˵ˣȴǱһһشţԺֳָһĻ·ÿÿֻҪһۣܿЩѪʦ㣬ʦնµͷ­
溡𣿡
Ὣţû뵽һ·˵ļ๬ȴֻһ˳ʦǲ̱ɱʦͷ­ն£ȴʲôҲˡ
񣬸Ҳûˡ
ǰʲôˣ
һ̣Ҳ࣬ȥڲʲôҲǱӿͷԸȥڲʲô
ʦġһλˡ
ˡ
صʦû˵һλˡ
ӳ̾ǵʧܣԪشᱻҶҶ֪סᱻ꣬˵ҵĻ˽֮꣬ʱ๬Ѿûˡ
һʦߵԽԶԽãӴˣҾҲûлȥһȥͱضᱻס
һ˵ţԵʹ֮ɫʵۿˣǺ๬
溱ۣ˵
뵱ԼʧʱʱʵֲԼֵܲģֲЩ˼ű䡱ɡ
๬ĳĳ᲻ȥֻؽ޲ĵףΪʵδκ˵ҲδԼ˵
ʵˣ˭
ϵʹ֮ɫˣǲԸڣüٴʵ˭˵Ҳܹ㡣


0276 ħѱ
һ溺Ȼ䣬ۿԼصңΰңѾǸϵĵˣ֪жҪɱѱˣΰң֮ǺΪң
û뵽仯֮˫ְ򣺡溣侲

溲ҡͷˮȻΣ֮ǿʦϵΪȴһҲв㲻ҪҵˣҲ뵽ʱҲ
˵̧ͷ˫ӨӨϣʶһˣҲҲ
溽㡭
һɲǣҲȻеһʹĵεΣ񡭡ֻʣˡ
磬˶ĬˣУȴԽԽأ溵ĳ𣬻ĳ𡭡

ʱӺȻһ̾ǲµ๬˭ˡȥʵǰѾ֪๬һ£ǺΪˣ
û˵ȴ溿ȥ磬ｫ˵
ԣ΢΢һǽ˵˵˳

ɫɵ΢΢һ䣬ȴҲû뵽Ǹ๬
ܵڲɽǳʹò֮ȴ㳾
ɱžѳ׵ˣһĴڣ˭ܹ뵽˾ȻΪϹ顶ű䡷๬
ͺñ˵Ԫɵ֮ŵƽˣ֮ף˵ΪĳȻĳţ˵ȥ˻ţ
һ̣ȻеЩëȻ濴ȥʺ쳾һһĺĴ֮ˣµǣɱžЩˣףһﾴš
ǵħħԪŵأԺ󣬼ֱħѱ棬аѷˡ
Ȼǲʡ
ۣƺϵΪմУͱȻ˽ˣΪҪáű䡷ϧ๬๬ֻɱڶѡ
ãٴ溵֪ΪʦҪű䴫㣬뿪𣿡
ΪΣ
̧ͷ˿ۿȻˮҲȴҲ벻ֻͨ϶ԣ๬ôʱԼõʦ㣬ʦȴΪֻԼ뿪
̾˫ָ󣬻صΪⱾű䡯ﰡ
ǰ˵
һ̣Ҳƺʲô
ӵʦΪλͻȻţΪϵһջ๬ĵӣȴϣϵĵӣӡӡǣһˣƾ˵Ļƣ׾ٽҵԣ𣿡
ԭ
һ£ȫˡ
ֲʦҲҪԼ뿪ΪԼŲ꣬δڻӡǣһ޷ҵԼʦԼţԭʱͰһˣԲԼš
뵽˴и̲סˣֲõԼҽһ෽涼ôıһôʦ㶼ʦȴƫƫԼģУֻԼһˡ
ԭʦţΪ
ԽԽǱֹֻ۾ֽˣӺȻʦţֻˡ
ֻˣǡ
̧ͷһЩ⣬ѵ֮⣬ʦбĴ
ѵԼһ죬Ȼȥ𣿿һΪ侪ˣԼʮǧ꣬Ķ֡
Ͽȴ̾˵֪๬ʹ𣿡
ҡǰʦ˵

̾÷վҲǷŲţδܷ°
ס̾ɻˣʵǰʲô£ѵʦʲôδҽ𣿡
ҡҡͷ̾鹬ɷѣ÷ʦǳˣʹ๬ʹҲһֱĬĬ÷ʼʦһϸ£֪๬鹬ͳС
˵˴̾첻Ըǳ޶⣬ҲճֱʹĴ£һ𣬺ܿ㳬๬ȴֻʹҽµһ֪๬ˡ
溲һ㶣ӣʦѵ
û
̾˵ʦǿʤӣܸģʤкãԱ̳һƽһʹҽ๬ҽ
˵˴ٴһ̾Ȼȴϵã漸๬δһҽ˵ĵӣܹȥ뵱ʱµһ˵ȥֻͽЦѡ
ԣʦ
Ȼһ뵽ʲô


0277 ĺ˻
ӵͷûһ棬δϣҽһԼδ츳֮¡
ʦʦ
Ҳû뵽ʦǵԼǵԼҽţԭǶԼ˺ǡ
Ȼ䣬ִ˸ʲôˣʹ֮
ϣձ˵Ӧʦ㣬Էѳ꣬һΪҽĪġ
ӵûʦű䴫㣬һǲô֣֮㽫ԱȴδгһգȥΨһļУֻϣ㽫ҽϣܹʤ๬һˣ㡭ף
ҡ
һֻеЩͻȻҲеʮֳأԭʦδҪԼȥΨһϣֻǽĳһգԼܹҽʤӣһҽԼܼġ
ԱĬ˿ܿ磬һգ֮һ
֮ǰɱžӣ÷һ𳤴ֻмЩΪѣΣҪվߵģ½Ӳˡ
ֵĪҪԷƱκСӣһ㣬룬֮²޼ܹ
ҡ
Ȼ˫ü΢˿˵أ֪˭͵ģ˰ʱ䣬Žҽá
ӵֻһСྭǣھű䣬ʱһָҪ֮ǰеĳޣ๬壬㶼ʱ£űջʹħף
ͷȥĬʱ䣬֮¹г޸أű䣬֪ȴ⹦ɡ
⹦ֹ֮֮·ܹԻһʹгԹոͻȻֹѾ߻ħˡ
̾һʦһԸģԸģС̵ԼҽģǽԼȴű䣬ԽĮ飬ɱҲ࣬ʱֺ֣
ܿ˿˵λȻʱڣƻΪҲűķɱӽ㲻Ҫ˴ˡ
лǰָ㡭
̧̧ͷվɫЩѣ뵽ҽҽ˵ȻȥϢɣԺʲô£㶼ԸҡҪˡ

ص棬һȴҲˣڿӿ֮£гޣУȴܹ¡
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ӿһۣص
Ҽǵǰ˵Ҳǰĳ֮һ
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ĺ
˫Ŀ΢ЩʦȻ֪ʦǰδԼЩ˽Ҳܹ࣬ų֮ˣطǵ֮ʵΪĺ
˵ĺ֮ڣλأֻһҲ棬ʵ͵һλ޲ı£ʡ
˴ͣתЩֻɱžһССĵط˾һλԷҲм࿴һۣеҪõű䣬޳λͬı죬˲ĺ֮ڣӵһϯ֮ء
ԭˡ
û뵽ԭ侹˶ǿߣԼǰ۽ȷʵ̫խˣֻ֪Ԫ࣬ȴ֪ĺ֮ڸΪ
ӺٺЦһСӣǲڲŷ֣ԼԭֻǾ֮ܣĺ˻ģޱ߽磬ɽһǡ
ĬȥӵĻΪ˵ûɳĮĵصϹżǱõ֤
ΪǰԪŵʢʱڣΪ֮ǰ˶֮ȴ֪ǰΪԶʱ˽ѾֹԻͶʢһʱȻԻ͵ʱҲӲһ
ֵĺ֪֮ĺ֮⻹ʲô
ʲô
һüѵЩǿߣδ𣿻˵ǰ۹˼ͬһʱЩǿߣѾ߱߾ˣ
ĿһȻЩͳĺ֮⣬а˻ס


0278 
˻ס
ɫһĺżȻ˵˻ףȴǴûŹˣ²ֹûŹԪŵزˣҲδ˵ɣ
תȥīɫ񷣬˵˻ף޲ǽͨ쳹صı졭˿˻Ǵ˵ټǡ
ɽɽ¥¥Ӧ뵽ԪŵغԼɽһǣǵɳĮ£λϸʱľǿߣȥأȻϢȻд棬ǰ˺εͨΪ磿
ֻͨΪԭҲȥ뵽˴ֲеһתȴʲô㲻ģ
һɲǣкȻһ뷨Ҫȥ׷Ѱ㲻Ҫȥ֤֮ϵĴڡ
ִ˼Сӣ֪ǿ˰ɣ׷ľ磬򲻱ٹһ磬ȥߣʮʱ䣬ҲҵǿŲ֮ˡ
˵˵ȥӻҵǿŲ֮ģȻģҡҡͷڲС
̫£δǱ߲֪ˣһҲδ˽ᣬܵĴһҵ
ӵôƾͣĪǾȥǾܺöԸܺöԸ
ĬȻ̫²û˼ȥǿһ޶Ĳ֮ģҶӻٳŶʮ꣬ڲûεڵɡ
˵ɣǰʱػˡ
ߡ
һϷԾڴˣ֮£е˵գ˻档

峿ɫԺһЩȥСԺӭ洵㣬ԶСϪʣͻȻ뵽һ£ʵ֮ǰδǲ

溼Ȼдһʣ˵֮ǰȷʵžߺ꣬Ȼҵһʮֲ죬ô֪ط
δô֪ȣô֪Լںȡ
Ҳ˳˼ֲõɱžҵԼԭ֪Լڴ˴
һоô£
һ̣Խ鲻Ѱˣ£δʧԼҲĪ͵˺
ʲô˽Լģδ֪Լʲôˡ
ôˣѵûи߹𣿡
溼Ȼ˼ʵ
Żعҡҡͷû£֮ǰ˵ֻǺȻû
Ŷ
溼ֵֹģҲˡ
ˣ⼸ҿҪȥһ¡
תǰһΪЩָ㣬պ档
溼ȻҪߣʵҪȥ
ԶϪˮü΢Žе˵֮ǰұδһ𣬿;ʱȻҴ뿪ˣҵǱ߳ʲô£ǰЩչʱײطȺ۵˹һ𣬵ʱΪûиȥϸ̽
طȺ۵ˡ
Ҳ΢΢üطȺԪĴɡ
Ĵţžףĸ֮ȴǸǧǲطȣƽǹڴ񣬵λӲ̫ϳϲĪ⣬Щһߵ֮ơ
᲻ǡйأ
Ƭ̣ʵʱű䣬ҲϾȥ˺£Ψһһ£ҲֻɽµһС屻ˡ
ֻ֪ȥ˵
ҡҡͷֿҳȥʱ䣬СһЩ֮˽ȣǵõһʱҴѶ󣬵һö
溽ӹ㣬˫ü΢ջǵ˵ͷҲһЩ·Ҹڷˡ
á
ͷһЦϸ̻طһڶۣϳͽ鷳
ºһ˳˹ȣһɽ£ɽɽǽݺᣬ˴ȥ˶ᾭ֮أɽϲ֪˭˼СƹݣѾãȻֵܵɽķꡣ
˼꣬ɽ·Ţƹ˸ˣ˿̳²֪˵Щʲô
Ŷңڶ¥һȴԱߣ¥һ˵
ȥЩۺͲطȵ˰ɣЩʱգУв֪ʲôòʲô·ɣ˵ǱҲ
⼸ɼ飬ܹȥµģԴǰų˸ͽ򣬾ʲôʱйˣ
ɱ˵ǰҲ˵ɽС壬һҹѪɺӣ룬˭ȥɽɱˣͽ𣬻˭ȻԼСĵطҲŹ˹ħˡ
ꡭ˵˱˵ˣħ̵ȥʮСҲ

治֪ʱƮϸ꣬ɫҲˡ
Сˡ
Ϸһӣһƹȥˡĺɫ࣬㣬һ̣ȴ֮ˡ


0279 Σ
ģ޷һҹ֮£ΪǰǼ£žѾ˷˼⣬֮£Ÿ⴦˷飬֮׵λãڱȻ׹
֪ɫֻ˼֣ĺɫĺϣҲԽԽؼɵһƬɼԽԽ͡
շھƹݴģһ·ðУɽ룬ӽҹʱ֣עƲէ죬ʹɽҰ룬˼Ȼ
ַɽͷǰлէ֣ϸȥȴɽмл͸
һССʱȴʮʮˣЩ˲ѰĽʿǰʿˣȻ·ǰɽΣأҹ·ʮ˲Ųò˼ʱꡣ
ЩӦǽӾƹݹȥЩˣȥȫϢҹɫͼΪڣӽЩ˵ʲô
˭뵽ԭȻʮǵطӹʱһֱ˼ֲ֮ǰҲҲ
˵žۼ˱ʮڽͽʮ̴ӹ񣬶總֮Ǳڱʮɽûһγ˳ԽƺƴȻҵŷΣЩ׶Ը
ʲôʮ̣޷ɽˮһȺں֮ڰˣãҪ˳ҪȺħҲһ򾡣
źŵӦѾȥˣοĪֽռȻ¼䣬ɻ۵֣طǱߣǰѴѶȥˣʱһ𣬺ôиӦ

棬һô棬ʮ˵ĶԻһԭЩ˾ҪȥΧֲϴδߵôż
ϴвɹȥˣξȻĴҲ֣һҪǼħȴû˿±Ρ
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲôɫɵ΢΢һ䣬Ϸ˼⣬ǼħڱȻҲУ˵ĻôĲԪɣǼħڣһ赶ɱˡ
ħ̡ң¥ƸڣĸħΪҪȥĴڣǲ谭ǵĴǰߣûɨһϡ
֮һεЩܣضݺˣ龿һʱҲȥ²⣬ȼü֮δǱԪɵΧһ֪ĴҲȥ֣һĴŹԳܵס
У뾡ȥ
һɲǣѾˣ뾡ȥܴлὫһԨӴҲ޷ͷǣòȥ
Ψһĵǣ۵˵ҲȥˣһʦһʦҲȥô죿ѵʱҪʦô
˵ҪţԷֹĴħλϾ뿪ɽֻҪʱʦڣҲ˼ɡ
˭棡
ʱȻһȣֻӰ˳ȴǼߣеӣֳ߰ˣҿ缱֮£ȴһ˿Ӱ
ʦ֣˰ɣɽҰ룬Ļˣ
֡
һüͷϸʶ̽츽Ȼ󣬳˼ôҶȴʲôҲû֣תû£ֻͷҰȥɡ
֮ԺڰﻺΪҪܿһ֮˵ʶ̽죬ν׾١
ΪݾߣҲʮʲôˣЩ˲ȥطȣĴڻδ֡һʧҹ֮С
ʱֻ֣ص˺ȣ϶ˮδɣ溼뿪գպȻüʵΣʲô𣿡
ü΢ҪǱһˣɣѾȥΧˡ
ȵȡ
һΧʱһ䣺㡭
ҡͷұȥδ뵽ڻ֪ΪֻЩССɾۼȴ֪ĴѾչжҲпܲУǴ㽫ʲôʮһ򾡣δǱʮΣ
ǡȥĻ˷ݣʱ򡭡
Ȼüͷ壬Ȼеǣϴ֮ȥ꣬δ꣬ڴ˶ΪѾˣɻŲȥ¾ˣҲܻͷ


0280 
ȵȡ
һ죬Ǿʮֲ˵侲ϸһ룬Ծʮ֡
к֣
һѾ¶˾ģ˰вҲããҲδΣܡ
ҡҡͷҾ²ѰĪΪԪʸ֮ģһ˰вݣ˵ĿģܲǳȥĿģҪ˵ǰ˶֪㲢δ
Ρ
ɫ䵭ƺʲôҲˣһأֻкξ壿⣿һжֻǲԹơ
ԣԡ
˫üԽԽҡ֣ڳ˼ʲô̧ͷ֣صؿ㲻ȥһĲȥ֮ǰδǲҲ㲻Ҫȥ
ûδҲҪһ𡣡
Ͷˣ
һ̣溸ǿ϶в²⣬˵δȻһǾ˵Ҳˣε飬Ȼڱµһ֣͵ȥˣ
Ρ
Ȼ֪Ǹıȴòȥ
С
ɫЩ԰ףҡͷһֱǲ̫֮ˣⲻıı
ıһʶƾ޷ټˣıȴͬöԷ֪Ǹıȴò̤ȥûеڶ·ѡ֪ɽлȴòɽУ
˵㲻ȥ
һ̣ɫ֣صؿ˵һжֻܿ²⣬²˵ĿҲֻΪ˱Ŀ־ʲô᲻Ϊ˽˵עϣȻſ㹻Ŀռ䣬ȥʩһıҲҲ壬ҲֻһӶѡ
˵˴һ˿ʹ֮ɫٶ˵Ȼ΢ֻһ˲ݵӡ

ʱԺӺȻһϵ̾Ϣֻӻ˹һ·ӦԼλĪǰˣ
ҪԸ˭ضϲӵĴڣܶһ裬Ҳ벻ֻͻľ֮֡
Сӣ֪һȥɣ߹Ŀֱ˵
ʵʣ˴𰸣ɱžۿѾͷΪСӣҪѾͷѣоţ֮˭סСȥСһˣϵҲˡ

뵽˴̲ס̾Ҫĵ޲һСӣʡĵ¶Է첻СײˣҲŻɢ
ҲҲգϷŻӦ˴һС
һҪŻ˿ܲദգҲףǰλǰɱžķȻһȥܴŻٿɱԷΣա
û뵽һ·ҿӣԷȴǰӡĴű£ӡԺǲҪټˡ
ߣ
Ӽ˿¶֮飬ôȴǡ⡱һ˵ҪŻһԻۻԻ̻Ի˵˴溿ȥʱرܡ
á
溵˵ͷԶȥˣ֪ӲԹۿǴŻǱѰڳֻŵ
ߺ󣬿Ӳ߽һЩѹСӣ˼ڰ֣ҪÿһԵȥ֮Ҳض֮⣬Ԫڳһˡ
ǰ˿϶
ߣϷţߵ·࣬˵
ӵһۣż˴ȥ֮ˣһѱԪݣɼ˱켫ǿҴһšۻ׼ȷҳҪмǣ˻쳣ĻԪǿ֮ҲֻܶһΣԪҪ϶ڳ󣬷ʩչһʱڰΣգ֪û
ã֪ˡ

΢΢ףڶŻԻ̻Ҫһ£˼Ȼ֮ԻˣʵطܼʩչۻҳضʩչۻʱʱͬԪ޷ڴʱԪػԪشҴš̻ܹһлȻܹס˵Ԫ񹥻õúãɷԪ׷񣿡
ԭˡͷȻ˼֡
Ӽʱ˼ӣһߣббΪꡮʥֻ֣˵ô
˺ˣ֪ǰˣʱȣ˵˵Żɡ
㡭Сӣ
ӵһۣɫȴñȸղŸҪ࣬ްֿЦӣ˵ŻԻ˼壬Ӧ֪һŻʲôģǡ
˵˴Ȼ漲תûʮգסǾԡԲܶô


0281 ʮ
˿ɫأû˿˵ЦӣŻǷͬСɣ˵ǰ˵˵Ϊ
ӿһǻ˶ǰ£òŻ˵˽Ԫ񣬽ԷǣʮأҲӣǴʩչʱȴգвٲûʮİգԲҪôǶԷǲ֮£Ҫ׶ô
˵һЩ˼֣ܹǽԷĻǣֻǽˣܹɹǽԼһǿԼǸҪǿ֮ˣһʯٵζ
򣬹ʶʩչգвԼԪˣǻɢֻء
Сӣˣ
Ӽʱ˼ӣʵ
˵ͷҲٶԣָһüĵȥҴŻ
̱˫ۣܿӴһɲǣǹȥ֮ãһƬҶƮŻӡԺ
ˡ
ӻ˫ָ󣬿ʱ
²˳٣ˡ
Ļȥһӡ̧ͷлǰഫŻ
ߡ
һӣһ۵ϷˣҲ˽ÿˣȥɡ˵꣬תȥٿ
Ҳٵ飬ȥ˵һ㼴ǰ֮ʮ֡
ԪΪ֮ڡ֮سơµһµһȡµһաĲطڣ֮Сħ֮ڡ
ĴţԶϾɶķڵĶ֮ƽȼߡ
ȻΪ˽ܵ飬ڱһЩ֮أȴħطն񣬳˼ȴһЩаħõıӻ֮
ϹŴԣ£Ⱥħɢ֮Ⱥɽָ࣬ǣԲǧﺱ˼ųơʮ֡
͵֣ΰͦΣйľ죬ͱڣɽжྫȣ죬ɽ¸ʱϹ޳ûö֮˴׼֮أЩΪĪ֮ʿҲ˵ء
дԣһʮ֣ΪͨٳʧУѪΪʳΪ̣ЩŵĴ˵ʮָǳ֮˵Ľڡ

ºٶƬʮ֮У˴ʮָӣǷʱƣذʱ󣬴ưá
󣬶ʤ޵һ죬Ҫ֮شУҲһ
ջƻ֮ʱһƬ棬ȣѬ죬ЩѸõʬ
ֻЩʱðɢӱԵƯһ߾߱ݵѸ״ʬ壬鲼涾ϣֻһۣеθһ󷭽סڱǣӿ˲
һ·ٸõʬ壬ĴŵˣǰȴʮһЩСˡ
˿ϸ£˫չһҽ棬Ҳ֪δǱΣԽˣԽЩǣ²ּ֪ӿٶȡ
ϴλδ뿪ʱ˶Էһö㣬ȻƾöӦҵδڣֻʮʵӣҪĴŵ˷ֻ֣С
ʮֵȥֻ͵֣ľԴ䣬ǰչϴɽˮ棬̴㣬Ϊˡ
ʱѾܹӦڵİٻȣӦ⸽Զˡ
˼֮ʱֻ򣬺ϼֱʣ⻮񷣬Ʋ㾡һɲɢȥһǿֱ͸
⡭
֪һһ˲仯һâǱȥˣȵʱȴɽһɱ죬ɽٻѱѪȾʬǽ壬ŵĵӣҲʲôʮħڽͽʬ塣
ԥŲһ̤ʱȥȫϢɽһȥˡ
ɽһڣȻʱ棬̨ѱѪȾ죬߰ٻҲѵή±ŵʮħ̽ͽĵӶսš
УƸΪţŵˣŵĳϣʱûпŵˡ


0282 歷
˵ǰǼˣٲÿ³ֹ𡣡
ֻߣһӰƮƮһѰֽȣ˿һħ̸ַ
ڶ棬һħ̽ͽмΪߣһ£˴ߣʮ桰ڤ̡Ľšڤ桱滹һµߣǡѪӥ̡Ľšӥ桱
һ߻СѪ̡ĽѪӣʮҲǶˣȻ˿̣ȴڸֱƵýڽڰˣղò˻⡣
ʮ࣬Ҳȷʵ඼Щں֮ڣĴħڣνԶԶ磬һΣҲǲѲŽȺ˸ټ
ȻϵǰЩĴŹˣʮ棬ʮң֮ززˣʣʮ̣˵ˣձֻʣ˾ڤ̡Ѫӥ̡ѪΪԵֵס˴糱ˮһĹơ
ƣȻΣѣֻҪٱƣʱһ빥£糱ˮӿ˲Ϳû
滹з֧ţ̽Ҳ֧Ƭ̣ҪһٹʱҲһ
˿̣˫˴üңи綳ǣӥ˫Ŀ΢ŶǰӣߵŵСӣҪܹùһԣ
˵ʱɫЩ΢΢ףҲմ˿˿ѪȻոһҵĶǰһƴؿڣڻδָ
Ŷ
ǰӵһЦأеҡţ˵ѪӥĴħƽˣȻȴ£ҲֻҶڱ˼ҵ󷨺棬ҿӦǽСӬ桯Ŷԡ
㣡
ӥЩһѪӿһ߾ڤȴЦһ벻겻ͻô㱾ٴӣȴèƵģʳʺ㣡
һԣ
վŵӼ˴ԱʱŭĿԡ
ȻȴǴŵЦݣڤ濴ȥЦҵ˭ԭǡè˸ţҲѧ˼ҽʲô桯һЩϲˣ죬оʮȫ¡

ԶѪӴЦһЦƵСӣ㻹ǴԲѣϷֻƣ㻹ΪбϷˣǽ϶ɡ
ħˣʦٵĻ𣬻ڴ˵
һŵŭĿӣȻʱڣǹҲȥҪ˵ĻְôˣһǼٳǸٹýȥˡ
ʦ֣ô죿
ͶȥĿ⣬ǰӲѰӣƽ˵յĵһӣ
ʲٶǰһŻ䣬ֻǰ£Ǳ꣬񷽳δ뵽һǷâ¶̳
̳Ĵ죬Ҳô칥̽Ҳ˰㣬Ԫˣò⡣
˿̣˫ƽţ˫Ŀ΢˴磬Ŀˣ˼ȴΪϸ壬˴ڣ󷨣ѹ
ʱҪǿҲǲɣһƱܾ˵Ľ֣ʱԼԪˣòطЩ
ȣֻţһߵļλʦһߵɵ˵̳ǰִ˹̳ٻȣžѧ罣ش˰ٻ歷ˡȻټһʱˡ
˿һߣסȫϢһʯ󷽣ǰ仯Ҳδӱ¡
˿Ҫ棬ķѲ˴죬νȥ
ʱĿһһŮӣŮϵãٲԥչɲ˹ȥһŮӽսļŵӣŮӼǰȻ˸ΪĺˣɵһǺˣ
ꡭ
˸ƣñ£ҡ
ӡ
Ůϴڱ̳뱱֮˽ȵŮӣʱȻһ۽˳
½ñϣѹҽȥ
áӸŮӷ·žһ㣬һ·ȥˡ
˿սңһص֮Уȴ쳣ֻϥһˣٻȹһͷ˿£üһٻӡǣòɣģȥֻȻδԴ˼ꡣ
Ȼʱɫȴ쳣԰ףȻش̳ٻȹ˳歷ˣǻδٶǰյĵӣΪȴڻδ֮ϡ

עδ˯꣬ǰʾĻ


0283 
正˿̸оΣ
歷󣬻һŮӣǻδ룬˿˫歷˱ϣΪ˹ˡ
ȡ
歷ɫ԰ףһ΢΢תͷϢЩ罣̫һʱδ룬㲻ҪٰװΪҺķΣ㲻ʧ
歷ǻδĵӣδ˯꣬䣬һֱ歷ڴã˽±˴˾ơ
Ҫ˵
δһתٴעһɼ
ǰ歷һ˶Կʮ֣ȴ͵Ϯһ罣˿Űǻδѹסȫᱻ飬վ㲻ҲΪһ
ˣ桭
ʱּҴ߽ˣǸµŮӣұǸµӣǻδĸҲģĳˡ
ȴ歷˲ͬ歷˼֮ˣȴ֮ˣ£歷ˣĵӲ֪뻨δʵݡ
Σ
δ̧ͷһɫŵˣ˵Щ˿칥ˣѪӵİ㣬ڶˣ¿ֵȻطȺЩˣǵ󷨸ֵס㿴ǷҪ򿪰ٻ󡭡

歷һ̧ҡҡͷڲܴ򿪰ٻ󣬴ͬСɣοһٻˣʱĹȹҲˡ
ô죿
ĳһۣɲĽ磬ǵһһ䣬һͣƾʮȺں֮εֵס
ĳ歷ɫɷף֪ŵ罣ʵ歷ˣڿɻ֧ŵס
δ歷ʵǿ歷罣޷жδҪˣһʮ̵˱ˣ⿿Щӣεֵסǧ֮ʿ
ȿȡ
歷˿һɫȥӲ԰ˣ˵٣ĳǶ˽ŵĹȹƲ˳աѱ
ãֻǡ
ĳԽԽ԰׵ü罣ô죿ûа취⽣
ûУŵĽ⽣
歷ҡҡͷһһҲ޷ƳڲĽװδô
Ž
뵽ʲô˵ŽҪŽ⣬ҪȻȥץŵӽ
ϻĳһۣôץһǺβŵץһ
ˣҪﳳȳȥա
δ̧ͷ˶һֵۣͷ۾歷ѹڽȻȴʱȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһŮӵˡ
ӡ
δ΢΢һٴ̧ͷʱվ˹ſڡ
һɲǣ歷Ҳ̧ͷȥһμĿ˶ԷϣԭΪǸİСӣ룬һֱ䣬ֲɣıӡ
޹δԴ˶ģʹμ棬ҲɵЩ΢΢ֱ߽ʱԾһֱڶԷЩʧ񣬱̽Ŀתƿˡ
ȻʹƿĿ⣬ոǵһ棬ԷͻȻ֣һԱģҲӡԺ
δ룬
ŷֱ˿ּδģ΢΢ü
û£ôˣû˷֣
δһ˫۾ϣɫԽţ˿浽ʿ˵ŵҲˣ˷֣а֮»
˵飬Ը˹
һ˵ţһ歷˿ȥȻϵôˣܹδߣδʮܣδʵôˣ
歷˼ʵԼ̧ͷȥ˵ʲô֪ΪΣ˿ܾ˵ʲôЩʣδˣԼ˵ù磬˳̡
δ˫ü΢ŵ罣
罣
һ߽Щλɷһۣ
һ£պȻЩŹˣ歷ƺԼʲôҲɵ΢΢һұ󼸰꣬˳ƺǷЩᱡ
Ȼ֪歷ͬһ޳ʶղϣȥС˼ꡣ


0284 ˮ
һʱ֮䣬δ뵹ҲΣ֮ǰδ正ʱĳٶ˴˸ɫ
ĳ飬ʱ⣬һǣ歷ˣ±ȸˡһ˵ţһȥˡ
˹֣Ǹˡ
ȿȡ
歷˿һ㻺Σ˵Žܽ˽Ǳˡ
Ҳԣδ뿴ȥδ룬Ϣָһ£˿

δ΢΢ͷȥԱߣһ䣬歷ǰ
ң򷨱ԴڣŵĽȻҲ꣬ȻŽʱ޷歷ڽҪʱƣҲʲô¡
һֻ歷˶亹ΣɫȴǱȷź࣬罣Ȼû⣬ȴལѹȥʹܹʱж硣
˿ɾһЩˣ
лʱް
歷˻˹ɣҲվʱȻһ𵴣ʹһΣδʱɫһǹˡ
ü΢⿴ȥ˹Ϣһ£ҳȥ˵գһ̼ʧӰ

ʱ棬ʮڽͽǽڽڰˣƵķ棬Ѫӡӥ桢ڤ棬˾ΪҲܲסڸַĹˡ
ޣԭͻᳵսһһ޳Ҳ
ڤ汻Ƶ棬ƿڴһ˶һۣô죿߱Ҫֵ
ʱߵĻ·ǵεİٻòˣҪĻһ󷨱ƣԼҲҪڴ˵ˣ
Σȥܱһټ翹Ҳ޷ĳ¶ħ˰ˡ
ֻУ޷Զҡֽһ߰Ѫ˳ȥһһɱ˲ʮ̽ͽӡ
ʮ̽ͽһǰ潣͸еһ󵨺Ī˵ҪǰȥУֿʧ˼ֵ潣£ֻ¾
ڤƵСӣҪϱϣ˵ôϷ϶սʱ㻹δأ
񵭵һЦɱˣȴЦݣΪƽƽϼʦĻҲûУˣǾٽĳһ
䣬ָֻһѽʱʢһâХųѪɱȥ
һȥ֮ͣʮڽͽ޲Ǳҷ˳ȥδѪѸеһǿ֪ŵĸӲӲá
Σʱ̣ҲȻһɫ˳һ죬Ӳǰ潣˻ȥ
ʲôˣ
סɻɽ˫ĿһʱһͻȻĺϣһȻܵԷǳ˴歷ˣ˻Ĺ
κδʱԷһ֮Уܹһ˫۾ʲôҲУ±²ףβĿʾˣ
񣡻
ʱ󷽺ȻһֻԶкýȴǻϵá
ˣһ£һ£һѷȥǰɱڣҲżֵŵ
˵λʦãΪ˴в磬֮Ҳʢߴ˺šʦ̫ұߴ˺šʦ̫
λʦˣ֪ΪΣʱλʦ徹˽ţбйŹ֣Ҳϸ˼ֻ÷ɻǱߣǰλʦ幰˹֡
ճҪһçײ֪ո㽻˭
ʦ̫ӸղһĿһֱԶϣʱ˵Ҳѹʮֵͳھʲô
λʦ˿ֵӣɻԶǺ˿ȥ˹ȷʵͣȴΪλʦ˽ţδЩ˵
ʱطȺ۵ҲڸˣԼЩСɣƿǲ˽
˶ˣʱʦ̫ʦ̫˿û˸ոٴеĽɫ
ֻʦ̫ǰһ̤˫ĿԶ¿µһ
Ŵһǵ˶ȻһʮǱѪӵ΢΢һ䣬׷˹ȥ
һ̣⣬Ҳûһ˿ײ֮һޱȹİ档


0285 ħ
˿˵ĿⶼͻȻֵĺϣ˶δۼһǰǼԪ£û˵ѵǰˣȻǸһѾ
ձøӽˣֻ紵ҶϷɳɳ죬ħ˶ʶ˻ԼǱߣλʦ̫ɫҲñȸղŸˡ
һ̣˵طȡ۸ոոϹˣҲ䱸ǲţȥȻܹš
ʸ£ɷ֮ͽһ
ʦ̫øˣһضϣеķҲԽԽˣʲϷײ·һѽħĽʱʡ
䴵ֻǰһ˶Ϣע¶ñһɲǣģǱ߲˶˳Ȼ
λʦ̫ɫ䣬յϢ˾һ˿ǲţȻûȻ
ֻǸģѾûˣеģֻ͸żӡ
һȻ㣡
ʦ̫ǰѷøӾˣʲϷײ·ʱҪʣնħ
ʦ̫Ҳǰһ俴һΪλڴ˴
ǸµˣΪλڴ˴
Ȼ˵ʱ޲ƽһûˮĿݾ
ʦ̫һˣɱʿҵ֮ʿΪնħ
նħǡ
һЦصնħΨնģ
㣡
˵˴治֮ԣλʦ̫ʱɫһ䣬ʦָ̫һǷȻ֪ڸģҪ̻ħŮ
ħŮ
Ȼ˫ָ˱ɵصǿڿ˵ħŮڿ˵մѪڿմѪ
˵˴һ˵ָָָ֮ȥһ±ࣺմѪ
㣡
һʱ֮䣬λʦ̫˵Զԡ
һֵɱ˶࣬ɱ˸࡭ָԶ
һ֮˶׷ȥֻеվԭأ˿ΪʱգԺ󣬾̳һʱ
δӳߣʮѧýŮҲһȫ潣£˵ɱϣҲǿˡ
񵭵ĳɱħˡ
ħˡ
ȻĪ˴һħˣǡӦô
ûħˣˣƻģ˵ö֮ĳҲ޷еѡ
ޣҴδ޳֮ͽ
ֻＸŮһ·߷˳ָڴЩ꣬δŹκһգߣҲ޷Щ룬޼ҿɹ֮ˣǣǿЩĪеȻǵɱ¾ɣ
̬ݣҡħˣǧ˵ǣԼѣı䲻˵ģǷµΨ߽棬˵
㣡
Ů˵ֻеصӣǴδɱһˣǣƣա
ﲻ˵
һ̧ĿϣȻĳˣ߽߳棬Ҳòջء
һ
Ҫ̻ħŮʦ̫ɫһʱգĪ㻹ҪִԲɶԵʦһ࣡
ʦ㣡㻹˵ôСħͷȻŮԻڵҩɾȣɱ˵Сħͷ
ʦ̫һȣȻ𣬰γзһնȥһֱԲɿľҷɡ
ʦ̫״Ҳһն˹ȥ˽ƾһ𣬸ƲɵȻȴʼվԭأҲδһ¡
ӣģ
ĵӼý˿أһ̶˳
ȴѰԪֻһƷ˲ʩչֻеһɹ֮δһ̣гǲʹ˴˶ȥ
ʦõģ
ʦСģ
˼ͬһʱ̾˳Ȼһ˲䣬ֻ顱һ죬ѽԿһ𣬷һɲҫ۶ĿĹâǿĳʹβȣԵ˳ȥ


0286 
վΣ˫һƣһɽʱӿȥ䡱һ˸˻ȥ
ʦ壡
漸ŵĵӴʧɫæǰ˷ȣʦ̫ʦ̫վȺ󣬱˴˶һۣϾкȻ֮ɫŲΪãֻʵûϵԷȻ˹ܹǵĽƣʲô칦
ԶǺȻһ˵ԶˣһΪҲǵУᱻСһаʽ͸˻
˾δ뵽Сӷǵǰ´ѲھȻһĹʵǳϡ
ʦ̫ʦ̫˸ոڵعȥȴԷо͸˻Ҳе޹⣬ʱȻǰ磬õȥ˰ɡ
񡭡
֪ʦֶıȻ֮£˿һʦ̫˺һѹСӲ֪ѧһ챾죬ʦǳ˿Ӧ
λʦ壬ıǡ
Ȼ̬ݣ˵ʱĿһֱԶϣȻȴһ˿˲
Ҳŵٮٮߣ˵ͽȻһŻ䣬־ߵص̨ȴҰ£Ǳʮأٶ棬ȴ֪ʱ֮һϣΪĪ
ֱչĲϵ֮ȻҲħ֣նʬʹΪͻƿһձһأɱҲһձһոء
˴γ֮ʱȻҲ˵֮һ㣬޲ý̤ڵϣ񵱳ָʱ
뵱ȫ˵棬ؼ̤ΨһͽܣԴǲ֪УŤģԺɱ̳ЩѺ޷֮Ůһ
磬䴵ֻ˫һ̤˲Ϣ治Զĵط潣ס֮һҲƳ˴̹ǵĺ⡣
ǰӣ֪ո˴˳ģҲԣһѳ
ʱ̣ڤȻЦһãõúܣƵСӣ£ڱ֪˼ҵͽҲ򲻹
Ǳ߼ħߵˣʱ˺ȵҪ񣬴ƹʰСħͷʰħͷȴƹ˵ĪҪղһţ
ĺƨƵİʹթϷ˻ˣ
˫಻ͣʱ򣬺Ȼһֻһ죬һȴѾԣ
һħ˶ס˺ֻۿŰж˶ҲȥǶԷ˵ʲôˡ
ֻУѽݺᣬ˶еһĿѣۣ˵Ľ̫죬ǸֻܸܵһֲĽ
ȻȴƳȫɱвɵ΢΢һȷʵ罣ɱΪλ˳أ
ѪҲס˺֮ǰǱѼʶĽû뵽˿̶ԷʩչĽоΪֻһͨͨ潣֮â
󣬹ȻǱƵòˣɱȴԽԽ޲ǳԷҪȥ
ס˺ܹиܵ˿͸ɱȥʦֶ߻ħɣ
ۼҪǱߺ˵һѲŵӣ̨ҲʦͽѣѲ㻹ʹӵĽɣ
仰ʩչ｣ɲ˱｣ɲܹеù񣿴˼꣬ǽǹΪһܱȣ
ڤʱʹҲʹǸɴվǴˣ
˵֮ʣֻ顱һһضϽ˹ȥǰѽһնˡ

ĽˣӸǷһ󾪺׷׽ԼĽͶ˹ȥӣӽ
Ȼʱɱʢһնڵӵļʮѽδ㻯һѷҷ˻ȥ
һţȻһϣɱһնɱȥһն֦׷ɣһԾסһָ֦һĨĨȥĲҶ
˼ʱŸ֦еһղнҲв潣ĪǾһ֦ʹ


0287 ɱ
˸֦ͣ˹ƣЦôƾһ֦ʤĳ潣
ԣ˿Ժֻţ̨̲֮ϣʦÿһ仰
еĽαΪʦ䣬ִֻ̫еĽס䣬Ϊ飬һΪʵ׼Էһʵ޽нָһһҶԿΪף
һһҶԿΪˣʦ˵һһҶԿΪ˵һһҶʹɽ˵ֻҪ׼ԷһʵһһҶԿ˶ԷʦոմеĽһ
ˣס飬Եɽɱ¾أҲֻһɱ˵ĽȡҲΪʦս㣬á
ˣлʦս̻塭

䴵ÿһ仰˿̣·ȴҡͷüҪƾһ֦ʤ񣬼ûпܡ

ʱȺִһЦֻڤЦƵģƼû˼Ҹһ֦ɸҶ϶ǰѽҲƾֿȭ˴򣿡
ߣֻгܿܣԶѰ·
䣬֪ΪΣȻһ˵꣬һȥһȥֻͣâɲǼ仯ǧδȫѱƬɫĻ֣ѱܿ

⾪һĻԶĵ־ʧ˳Ȼһ˲䣬ǿ壬ƴԭʧһ㣬һ˲䣬ȴֳ࣬·ǴǧӲһ㣬Ȼȴ½Ƕδһ֡
ôܣ
Ȼһѵһ˲ƳԼʵڣҵԼ޿ܣ
ٴ̻ȴȻһʹһ£Զ˶˳һĻ죬ҲˣǸ֦սϣǲ֦һ潣һɽֶֻûˣ
ʦ֣
ҲвŵĵӾ˳һĻʵ̫ˣֻһ֦һѽὫΣ
Ψʦ̫ʦ̫˻侲һЩô£񽣷СһƳʵڣһöԷ֮飬Է֮ʵȻֻ̳ܽ˵𡭡
㡭
˫ĿԲأЩ飬ȴˣָҲˣһǿȥ
һøֻâֶȥʹԶڰ֮ȺһɲҲܵһ˽׷׾˳罣
罣ԭ̫񽣡ſʦ־˼Եģʹ˼ֽɱ֮һطʹ˿˽ӶΪ򵥵ĸ֡罣
ȴģɱ֮κηԣ˿ֻ콣ԭ罣˿̵ɱԭһâ⣬ﾹԼЩ죡
񡭡
Ҳû뵽ʦֶеɱ֪أ罣ҲĵȫɱĻһ֮磿ʦѵһҲû
ϸϸȥ룬ɫĽâѲ㽫סȴǻڵӻʧɫˣӣģ
㽣ɱˣǴ˿ԶȺҲиܵǹ˵ɱ⡣
ȻǧУȴʼղңҪͻƳȥȴһˣ֮£ֻöɲһɲٵӰͻΧȥ

һȴǴʧɫӵɲ鴫ֻһ˲仯İٵӰʵѱʵȻ񽣷һʱҲۻң֪һõնδ
ǱڵӼʩչɲҲһ±ɫ׷׵˵òϵĹʲô

ڤЦһƵĲ˵ôǳܿܣķʲôթ
޳ܣ޳Ҳ
ͨͨұ죡
˫ͨ죬ʱ飬ﻹЩﳳ£·ֱ治ʵҲ˲ôˣնȻֻǻļӰ
һ˲䣬壬ѹǰһÿ磬顱һ֦һ»󣬲ȣ˲Ϣֳһ̨֦Ѩϡ

г潣Щֶת֮ʱ죬һ֦ؿڡѨϡ
̨ѨѨ֮㣬˲Ȼһɽ֦˿һˣ
Ҫ֪̤ż꣬һʮȵ𣬾˹˱죬˵̫ˡ
һ̣ˣʮħڽͽԼĵӣס˺


0288 Ĳ
ֻɢͨ죬ǰǡ桱İ󣬷ǳҲԽԽ£ֻɱ·ԣһֵ֦ҲûУ̼䣬ȫʮദѨǽ֦ˡ
񣡻
ۼʦֶǷң߻ħ֮ƣƶֱǿľȫţӶһһɱأһɫҲ˹һüĴȥ֮£˲佫ǽ֦Ϊ촷ۡ
ȥ
˫ͨ죬Ȼ߻ħһɲǣ˲ڵӽŵľѣӣ
һ˲䣬˶ס˺Ȼһ˲䣬ֻѴ̵üĵ潣Ȼͣ
һֻ̣˫ĿԲ۲Ѫ˿ȫҲҶһ£ֶǰ罣â²潣Ҳһˡ
⣡
˺һ۱Ƴʮ£ѾҪѨʱ˹һ£ȻԪҲҪɲɢ
ֻеһһǴͷֱ͸˽ģͽܣֹǿֲݡ

ʱֻһӰ˳ȴ歷Ȼδһ˳ԭ񣬵˿̼ǰһĻҲһ
歷˵һһɲǶסĺһֻɷ˶治ˣʦ̫ɫʱһ䣺Ҫ

ʱס˿ãֻ˫ۺݺбȴǳǴ˿۾ﲼѪ˿ȥӿֲˡ
ɫ䣬⽣
ʦ̫ʦ̫֮ǰ罣歷ˣڴһ罣Ҫ⽣ֻŵĽ⽣ܡ
ʦ̫Ƿڽˣ
ĳһ

ʦ̫һ죬ɫżǰһ̤æ歷˴ȥ歷˹ڽɫȫָ
ڽѽ⣬
ʦ̫˵ţܽЩŹ֣ȥҪһϾʦͽȴ򲻿ʧ
歷ڽѳҲٶԣһƽ˹ȥʱȻһӰ˳ӣҪߣ
ȴǻδһ˲˹ʦ̫ʦ̫ӦѸ٣Ʋԣ˫˫һ֣ս˹˺ٽϵѨ

ؿڣһƺߣŵжʱȴǸӺˡ
ӣߣ
δһ˲ߣһϾҲɱʱ񣬶˼Թ֮ɫװˣ˿ֻ޲ýǧУͷ֮ŭ
δ룬ôˣ
ҲһƳ鲻ԣʱδǱȳ˸ӳ侲ϲŭɫΪδʱȴ䣿
ӹգһδڴ˷ģȡ㹷ĲΪˣ
һֻ̣δ£һ㺮˪δʱйʱģһʱҲɻ
ԭոĳ˲ŸҸʵ飬֮ǰ̳ǵɱ˲ˣδģȻȫڹУһѻ˸ˣЩ˶ǻġ
ȻҲ֪Լʲô£ʱ䵭һħŮϧҪǱʱ
á
δɫӺˣָˣ˵аħ̣δκһˣ֮ˣҲ޼ҿɹ֮ˣˡ
˵˴ָȥǵ̳ǽЩ˻У˵оĪҲ
ʲô
һ治Ҳеһ䣬׷ȥ̳٣ֶε澹˲̣
Թħ޿ɷ飬һ˵˫ֻҪ£㲻Ȱͷһǣ˻ĥħЩħкηֱ
񣡴µ棡
һأҲɫ˲ֶΣΪżǧ䣬ȻնħҲΪ壬ǳ׶ݣǿ
Դ˿ǧɵĿ⣬ȴɫģǵ˵ˣħˣˣϧ

δͷһЦûһĺ֮ˣȴŸͽȴԸ߸ϣ˵˴ߵָȥһδɱһˣһ²Ƕʦ̻壬ΣȴǲԨν¹

˴δٴͷһЦɲǼ䣬øӺˣֻ֣Ĳ


0289 
Ĳ
һɲǣ˷㾲һ˵
ԭһħŮ˵ĻΪ֮ʿܲŭǣ
Ȼ˿̣һȥвˣԾȥ࿴һֻۣȥ
ȴһЦԹŹʹģںʵ
ϣסڣ
ֻžһ죬ʦ̫һϣһ̫ͻȻڵȫɵɵԭء
ֻʦ̫һǵͨ죬˫ѣ֮ǰ߻ħ͸е鲻˵Ȼ̵ֶɱˣڸãΪŵӣΪƽ˵ĴӣȻ˵ˡģʵĻ֮ܲŭ
ٺٺ٣
ֻųȵգȻشЦǣû˵ĶԣʲôǴģЩħɱ˵ʱǿɽҸĸǱɱģҴ壬Ҫȥ˭Ҫһ

һֻ̣һ㣬۲Ѫ˿ħˣÿһ͸Ҫɱÿһˣϧ
һ£˳״ԭأԺﲻ˵꣬ԭһƽС壬ȴһҹѪɺӣֻʱ
ʱʦֲּţԭʱħأֻǺܸ
ãá
ʦ̫һ̾ͷȥԼʦɡ˵գһҪֲˡ
ȵȡ
ʱһԶ˶һ׹˶º˪˸
ֻ䣬ص˵ô
һɲǣʦ̫ʦ̫ܵϵĺɱ⣬ʱתǰһΣ
ɱˡҪ칫ص
һ䣬Ȼһ֮Ա߻δҲһ£ӡ
ǰһֻ̤ʦ̫йȣ¹ϵħиӣҶ˵㣬һ˵㣬ҶԻὫţʦֱ
ϻδ˵꣬һ˲˹ȥɫһæֵȻԷƿֲδеһ̩ɽѹȶǳܲס˫˫˳ȥ
ӣ
δû뵽˵ֱ֣һ̫ˣҲδӦȿʱֻʦ̫ʦ̫˫˫˳ȥ
һҲŵȥڶԷɹ֮£ܹÿ
ʱԶʺȻһߵС飡
üᣬӰҲ֮ŵģһǿϢڳ˾еһϣϵĸ֣
ӣ
δһԷϵĸ֣εֵס
Ȼȴδ֮ȥǧһ֮ʣֻǵӰһָ顱һƾһɢĲ֮
֮ܲһɢȴδ裬ɱУָһüĵȥ͡һѪĽһָ˲䶴ͷ­
ŷ֮ɲһչ˲ɻߣһУӳָֻڵʯһ˲䣬˿֮ʱѶ˫ĿԲȥ
񣡡
ԶǵӰҲڷַס壬ּͷһ˲סɢĻǡ
ʦ֣
ʦ̫ʦ̫Ҳһ˲˻˿Ϣȫ޵ϽԲ˺Ȼ֮ɫովֻôһ˲䣬˾ȻʦǰɱˣʦּʱסԪ
ʱͻȻµˣʦˣ˵ʦܣӡ
Ҳ컯
̾ϢһʬԱλʦתԶȥһЩƽ벻Ŷ̶꣬Ӿ޵ı¡
ҲڻعϽ¶־ɫһȻ˵ãȻܹǰ˸ɱˣ붼Щ
ӣû°ɣ
δվԣСʵͬʱҲ䱸
һӣϵΪټ˶ʿвڰĲطȺۣĹȹҲδ½Щ鷳ˣĪҪٴðնһСķ


0290 
޷
˿ҲŶӣһ̵գ𽥱Щ
ʦ֣ô죿
Ҳûϵ龹ڿǺã
ԶԶʦһ˼һǰ뿪ţʼջͽܣ鸴ӣΣҲ֣οղŵһУҲ֪ˡ
߰ɣȥ
ʲô
û뵽ʦ־Ȼǻȥѵ˼һ£
Ӽɻ󣬴λʦãЩΣھȥΪˡ
ƻЩ̫ף˿ʦֵӣȻҲˡ
ߵ˵ǰߣԶδ뿴ȥ֮£һָӴȴƶ񷱶࣬Ͳٴˡ˵գһŵӣһԶȥˡ
˵߱ˣ˽һͬʱԶĻδ뿴ȥһ̣˸ǸеһѵǰŮӾ֮
һ˼ţΪξһ绨Ĺ
ֲõšԭһ̻ǸħŮȻ֮
һ̣ﲻ˶СۣѾãڵжãҲ˵ֻǽЩͷʢ𽥹Ϊ֪¹ܣϴαɲʧһ£׽͸˸ѽĴħһĴڡ
һǰӸ˱ɱΪ˫ìܽձһʰ˽ǶҪ
µı󣬾ǺڰƲҲö֪
˿̣Ⱥ۲֮ʱȻһӰȴ歷ˣֻɨŶһˣ䣺λգĪǻ
һв˾һЩֻаеĵӡ
歷˵ΪҲϵ䱾Ī⣬ϴһ˶ɳϣ˿·磬ֻȴƣһ罣
ŵˣĴһλɾȺʧһ˿ֻԶطȺʮȥ
طȺ۵ǸողģĴλվģȴֻʮӣһҲûУѲɻܽϣʮδɵСϣʮСӣ˶һ
δ䣬һ˿ȥնȷ޿⣬Ҳãȥִ̣Ǳ˶ͷ
һҲɲŵˣǰٻȹڵĽҲѽһһһһŵı£ҲƼˣܹǰɱˣĪűͨ
һĪչ֮ʣɽһߺȻһ쳹֮ǲС
ԶȴȻ߷һ֮ˣ˶׷ѭȥֻɽǱߺȻһƬӰƾǱ߸Ҫƴ
δϵطȺ۵˲ڰʱ֪٣ʧԶӭ
һǲطȹϸһȻƬӰɽ֮ʱſԭ󣬶ʱһĹˣ
ֻһɫ޷Զ˫ü棬޵ĽܣȥĽһ㣬˵ϢǰǿȻΪϵ֮
δҲɻ˵Ϊв磬ǰɽ¶սʱ಻İٶĵУѳɹͻϵʲôΪĪǡ
һɲǣ뵽ʲô֮ڡ顱ѵطЩ꣬Ҳҵһо
ŲطȺһ˵ĵոǱýŶֹطȵ˵ΪζǰЩȴǲ½ˡ
ֻĿϣЦһ㵱Ůᣬɱ˲ˣħ̣ӻ¿Ѱ㡭
ϻͲٶ˵ˡ
ȴʼȻؽϣҲȥ࿴һۣ統ʱʲô
һ˵ֻ꣬ԶʵһƬȥصˣҲʱ򡭡ˡ


0291 Ĺȹ
һ˲˿̾һ׷ԶһƬƲȥֻƲʱӿʱɢʱԽù졣
ڣ洫һһɱǰڴ˰һħˣΪȻ񲻸ģҲ㣡
䣬Ʋ㶸Ȼɢ˶һס˺ֻǰӰ´£Ǿۼ˲ˣһǿ͸ֻ棬˼ֱɱ
Ϊһˣһ̴ɫĳۣ뷢ף˫Ŀ䣬һһֻͬżֿɱ
歷ǰһվ֮һȻͬ죬ֻǶԸһССŶùɵġô
󣡡
һ֣Ǳߵˣʮħߵˣһ޲һϺȻɫ
˵ߣ˵ʦܡˡԪҲ֮
Ĵţ䳤⡰󡱱ۼ󷨣ܴ˴˴ϵ󣬵ҲƷͬСɡ
⡭
δһĸв˺ͬʱȻĪǵǳŴӶ
ߡ
ԶһߣϷһӣ󣡡
£ֻ˷Ʋɢȥһ³ӰһɲǱϡĸ󷨡
ʱ䣬нХ͸ɱڳҲеһϣۺʱڴ˴Ȼģ
ʮߣħ˼˷ѱ󷨷޲ʧ룬ǽҲȥˣ֪ոձӦ뿪
Ѫӡӥ桢ڤ̷歷˿ȥڴȻô죿
歷˫üȥ󷨣ֻ˷֪ƽ֪ܷ֮ƽ
ڤ歷ĿϣҲ˹ȥʵһˣ֪ƽ֮
Ȼʼգһʱ䣬ĿǰҲֻо˵ƱƵģ
˼ѳɣ˿̵ƸǴȵڴˣзؽ𣡡
仰ΣŻ£Ǳɱֻϡ棬ок֣һ£Ϊ֮ͨˣѣ
һֹ̣ʮڽͽǾʧ룬һڵҲ
һߣ˿ȥطһУʱֻЦǵȼ֮˴βȺħرǲҲˡ
ϻ˵꣬ϷʺĵǿϢ˾һݣ̧ͷȥֻƲ㷭ӿֱֹӿȥм䣬ĵâһ⣬һϹ⣬һ⣬һ׹⡣
ʲôˣ
һɲǣв˽䱸Ϣֱ棬²ˡ
ĵâԽԽ歷һˣĹȹˡ
Ĺȹ
δһЩһֱ歷˴ٶǰʱ»ûĹȹһ˵Щ歷ա
һ˲䣬ĵâ歷ǰ⻯һ°׷ȹȥǱ顣
Ϲ⻯һòˣŮӣǵιȹеӽ֮
⻯һ°׷ӣ˫糺죬кɫۣȹȣΨһеӣҲֻеӵĵط
һ׹⻯һòŵİŮӣһʣ¹ȹ
һ£Ǳ߶ʲôǶԭ֪٣ȻӲʶĹȹҲδ˵
歷˿ȥãڴ˲ǵֵƬ̡˵գȥ飬ȥ档
ȥҲ
һ٣һ˲仯һȥˡ
Σȥ档
һΣΣǡˡ
ι̧ȻһЦҲһϹȥˡ
ȥ档

ԣŲһ̤˲仯һȥˡ
£㡭
伸ʱݣ뷼ơ
歷˰ѻ˵꣬¹ȥˡ
λһȥʱʧ˼ֹâ˲üʵδϵȻĸˣ󲢷뼸λʦֵ˵ֵٹˡ


0292 ƻ
ŻĹȹĵ˫תֳ˶֣֮Ǳλϵĸ֣Ȼֻһλ歷ˣڵȴʮοڳ
歷δʵҪֶԸطȵʲô£漴ָ򶨣۵˿ȥЦ֮գ۵ĸ˵գ˻һâǱ߳ȥ
ߣδԶ˷ɻɡȴһֵǰδ룬֮ǰĹ󣬴ˣԸȥ±˵ĵӡ
㡭
֪ѷǰɱȣлҶڣҲصɵķɴ˿ڶģϾһϵĸ֡
Ȼֻǳϵͨ޷ʩչϵվϵ۷徳ĸ֣֮𣬾ܹԸġ
ȥɡ
áСġ
δ˫ü΢ջ˵ͷһȥˡ
ߺǰһ̤Ԫһ𣬽ת˾Զң뵱ɽ£ǴδҲˣ˸ϵǵǸˣ
˿Ҳؿһ̧˺󣡡ڵȥ
ΪǵɱȣҲǰһ洫˵һѧΪͻͽȵزõ

һ˫֮䣬һâɽԪһ𣬾Ҳתγһâ
Ŀ΢δϵ֮ˣΪ֪ǰ˷֮ͬʶƲС̽̽СʵĿĲڴˡ
˼ˣָֻһǰɽʱһâɳһ̧âҲ˹ȥ¡һײֱø˾еһ
һ֮£ʱ֪˶ԷʵϵΪЩ鸡𵱳ڵɽڤļ˿ǲ˲ֹһǰ㡣
˶ԷϸҲٹ˼ʲôסһѪӵ˴ʮڽͽɵˡ
˫ʱ䣬Ĺȹ۵ˣʼ޷ĵӽˡ
ۼеˣ˲òǳأʧȥڵɢˡ
ߣ⣬ټķҲͻƲҲò˻ȥ
Се㱾£ڴΣ
У˱˴˴˼Ƭ̣һʮ壬ƻᣬɸ
һڳħ˾ЩͷԣƻҲԪһһε۽ʢᣬʷʮƳų֮ǰзƻᣬʶԲţ۴СɣԿԷ֯ȥ
˵ƻ֮󣬼ΪµһΪ۴֮չһ۽ݱΪɷķʽʱħִݣħ̸Ҳȥ壬һս
£ħ˱ܣҲһЩħӰȻ˴ͻȻһͽȥ
ܴţڴʲôѵˣ˵ʱҪۼɣһΣ
˿˾Щ²͸ۺͲطȵ⣬ʱδŶôϴһ󻹲ڻҪһΣ
޷壬ĳȥһˣкη
Ļشȴʮָɴ࣬Ǳ˶δϵȥ壿Ա߻δɫʱһ䣺ӡ
δ룬ҵȻ˵
ȥһȻδȴթǵ֪һ֣ʱ¸壬ȥĻǾһ
Ϊ֪˲µľ֣ԲŻȥ
һ̣ѾոδÿӴڵĹۻΪԿ϶˲δڳˣ¸һ壬ǰǡҲȥˡ
δ벻֪ΪִҪȥ壬жɣ²ѯʵʱطȺǱ߿ȥط۵λǰǽջҪڴ˴𣿡
˶һۣδ룬֮»δ꣬һдƻ֮жᣬΪ֮˵գһ̧Ųطȵȥˡ
طȺһߣʣµĸŸҲʱ糱ˮȥδ뿴ȺԶȥӰ֮Σѽ֪ΪΣȴһָӲõԤС֮¿ֻǸˣķ粨ں棬һºƻᡣ


0293 ·
ɵߺĹȹҲ˻歷˿ȥ΢΢̧δ룬˵λ֮ǻ
μ
ΪҲ٣ȴҲΪĲ歷㣬˫ֱȭΰȥ
Ҳδ뱧˱ȭ빬μ棬ˡ
ιȴ룬ôδλصĹ¶棬ԭΪǺηˣȻһëСѾͷ룬ȴұ¶ȻһЦμ
¹Ǿʱ΢΢һЦֵ£μ
δǰһ̤˫΢΢һ̧λض񣬽նǲԶ˵С
˵գֻˣɷұҵ¾ЩСԶ
ããԶ
ոջɣʱһʮ֮˸
δת±ĳ˿ȥɫϣ٣ĳ硣
ĳ⣬ܽкܶ£ʧأ˿ʵ˴ϯλճʿȴǱز٣οʮ̵һҲúοһ£պġ
Ѫӵ˶˴˶ӵͷо룺СȻȥߣȴʿá
˿̻վԭأԶԶŻδʱȺ۵ӣв֪ΪΣеȻʧȻˣƲԼ־ǶǴ
¼䣬ʲôǶԣʲôǴԼ뿪ǶǴ˿Ⱥħ˾һǶǴ
δתպÿϵĸɫһɲǣ֪ΪΣԺﾹֳָǸŵӵģ
յô˷ľǹ컯ĳ̴֪˷˼Ϊ߽棬飡
ħˣŵӣ´ټ飬ȻҲ顣

ӣôˣ
֪ʱδǰ·׹ĵʮ˿˿תͷˣˡ
δһԭأ˿ҪߣҪȥ֮Լ
һɲǣȻеࡣ
ʱιЦӯӯ˹²һ񣬶ջɣӺβҵһ칦
кκ죿
һ仰ȴȫԭڻ׹ĵʮ̽ͽһ̶Ų˹ղ˵вǻúõ
ôͻȻ˸һ֮ǰϵ֮ǿɱһĻӡ˵ԺֱұӢһȴˣ
պȻЩ䣬ЩΣιϵЦҲӲδҲĬŲ
̵ʱ̣ڤȻһЦת˵Цأ֮£һָǿɱˣĪûп˱죬Ϸ簡
˵գתЦոЩνЩ˵Ī㻹ûпĵط㻹ȥŽ쿪ʤǹɱƬײ
ɱƬײɱƬײ
һħ̵ҲŻ歷ȴɫ΢΢һ䣬ȥڤú

ϾڤƤ˿ȴԽ˵Խ𾢣ִЦΪǵĸʹ¸ͬȥ壬ҵкξ壿˭Ը׷渱ģ˿վ˵һ
׷渱壡׷渱壡
ʮڽͽҲˣ˿̵ԽԽ󣬽ǹ歷˵ʱԶδǿ
Ȼ˿ǧȴ˵óڣֻȴ˼ࡣ
һԭʼջΪħŮǰȺħ֮˵죬㻹Ǹӣϵĵӡ
ǷΪ㣬Ҳ֮ҲգĻȪ䣬ȥҲȥģɴ˿̾ΪңҲԸ
һҪ߱ߣһδ롭վ㡣

˵طȺ۵뿪֮󣬵ĺƻ֮ʱһƵɽ룬˺Ȼͣĵӵǰһͬȥɡ
Ѵ˴Īǲ򣿡ͣʵ
˵һ£ȥһ𴦣޷Ȼȥա


0294 
ˣһ·Сġ
ҲٶʣһŲطȺ۵ĵӳһƬȥˡ
˽ʧһƬϼ֮УŸĵУ߷ȥˡ
ҹʱ֣ǧããɽӳյóξϴһвǳһ·չС
֪˺δȻƱ£ֻȥ¹⣬ɽǱùɭɭ͸һɹϢ
˲֪Ӧʲôһ̱쳣СзҲ
ηǰ
ǰ֦Сǰ̽ȥʱһȻɷɷ磬ֱ棬˶ȻһһɨæǰһԪ
Ȼһ˲ϢǰʹϵΪһںڷ֮£ҲǶãɵúȻɫǡ
δ䣬ǺȻһֻ֣˲ͷȥֻһҽ𣬷Բĺѻڶȥء

˵ֱ賿ҹδｻʱɫһҲȥ˵Щʲô
δ̸Ҳضãϯɢ֮ʱȻȥˣδ뿪Ҳ˳ȥ
ʣ歷˻˽̸˿̼˶ȥˣҲΧһЦ˳ȥ
׷ϻδ룬歷һ½סˣδ룬һ˾ɡ
歡
δתǰյͽܣĽã֪ΪΣͷһ̾Ϣ
ȥԱߵˮǰˮӰδȥ̾ʼջǷŲ£ϲ˵ԶħħԾǶԣǴ
һ˵ţһָֻˮᲦţˮ浴һȦȦڴ˿̵¹£Ҳһ͸歷ǰ
歷֪ʶ꣬β˼ʹеٲԸ⣬Ҳ˵Ҳ֪
歷Ҳóһһˣ˼Ǩ֮ˣ壬棬վͿȥͶħ̵ˡ
ħȻԽˣȽһգն֮ʱܽһˡ
ϰϰ͸˼һδȻתͷ歷˵ˣ正˵¹һŮӤʲôˣ

歷΢΢˵ͷվٻ̳ʱֵģٻ̳𣬹еȫѣȻգ¾ʱȴӤ֮ǽ´
ô
δ벻һȴֶ˼࣬˵ȥ

Ƭ̺һ䷼ĸ歷˽˯ŮӤҡﱧ˳Цδ㿴ɰ𣿡

δָḧŮӤգʱȴע⵽ŮӤüϵһӡǣ˫üһǡ
歷Цɣ⺢üľһ仨̥ǣԵ
֪⺢ӵ𣿡
ٻ̳ĵȫѣ޴ȥ顭
歷ҡҡͷĿֽŮӤüϵĻӡ棬һδʵ⺢ӣΣ
歷һЦҴ㽫
Ӹղ歷˶ŮӤϲδѿˣʵ㡭𣿡
歷ЦЦḧŮӤüϵĻӡǣ˵Ե硭ͽСɡ

δ뿴˯ŮӤҲ¶Цݣȴ뵽Ҳ񵽣˵ãǱ˾Ӽ񵽣˵ǽˣ˻᲻ᶼ˵ħŮ
˵˴ֻһ̾ḧŮӤӣһصÿడ
һΣ歷ҲһΣ̧ͷŴʱǰǴ˵Ļġ

壬һҲ֪δֻǰ֣¹֮£ѩ׹֦ͷƮ硣
˷绨ѩȴһһӣΪԣΪĪǵ޷ǴЩħ˾һȴǶô
ԴûʲôԴ

һ죬ѶһѺâ۵ĳŷһ죬ǰһݣһ׾տĽʩչ
ʱ䣬ɱӰңĻ׹䣬ڽ֮ƬƬ顣
ܿ죬Ƭһ仨ɱ䣬飬ȴȻδ
ʱһŲȻ֣䣬һ̳ѵȴͣǰ
Ȼ纮âüģ֮ң


0295 ֻؽ
δ롭
ǰˣϵɱһһɢˣһӣȥ
δصĻ꣬ĵúúõģһأǿϧ
ǸҸոա
ꡣ
δתָߣҡҡͷû㣬ֻǽգﲻҲڡ
˵֣һֱ֪㲻ԸΪУΪʼһˣʦǡ㿴ڣɱڣҪȥЩɱ𣿾ڤЩˣҲֻǶ˼ҪȥɣǸñȷ绹졣
δ롭
һֻ̣еЩɬ֪ȥ˵δһЦתȥӵ仨ЩҹĽն£꣬Ҳٿ
δ롣
һɲǣ˹Լɱôأδȴйһ˿ԹЩɴǰ᲻ȥ𣿵ԴԼһ󡭡Ҳȥˡ
ԼܾħˣվԼǰģʲôħŮ
ԼɱžԼ߹·Ѿ˼ԼҶӵˣʲôħŮ
ͷȴ˼ֵĻҲնˣһһսҹʵá
δתʱģף֪֮ǰɱžʱ˿Ц޼ɣһһǻصԪħ֮һֶص˴ǰ
ӣû¡Ҫȥˡ
ʱ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһЦ֪𣿽ʱ¹һŮӤ֮ǰٻ̳ΨһҴˡ
ôһ˵Ǳһ£һ뵽Щνɣĺĳ̶ȱħҲˣ뵽ԼŴһҹԼҲΨһѵӤ
δЦǺܴ󰡣ֶ̣ȻҲֻѰĺӲͬˡ
ôˣĪˣ
üͷһδҡҡͷո歿£ŮӤвĽȻҲܻǸ漣
ô
뵽Ŵħ֮Լʴ£ҲǷҲǸ漣
δ̫̾С޷ƳֻɢһͿܲѰɳˣҲʮ꣬ʮ꣬󡭡
ôһ˵ָֻֽһССӤѣҲҪǽ֮ˣһȴʲôħΪΪ
һΣĴȥ𣿡δ뿴Ȼʵ
˿ߵ£˵Ӧ֪ģǰеĲߣ˭ԼǺΪ
ᵽʱ򣬻δ΢΢һ£Ժֳָһ졣
δ룬ôˣ
ͻȻ񣬿ʵ
ûûô
δҡҡͷЩȴǲ֪ȥ˵ԼʱȻùֵֹģ߽һЩʵδ룬ǲ֪ʲô㡭

δ뼸Ҳδ룬ҡͷˣδʱ˽ŹӣиЩɻ󣬵ҲԸټ׷ʣ˵ã밵еĲˣͬһ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ҳǰɡ
δ̧ͷһֿڵ˵ʲô
Ż
Ż

£㽫Ż˵ˣδɫ𽥱һϸ˼һֻطԪ񣬽Էֻ꣬أǿʱΪãԷ̫ǿ޷ֻΪۣڻ֮Сȵȣ
һɲǣδ뵽ʲôɫȻ䣬ⲻͨĽʲôʥҲܴͨϲӦ̫ʱھѾʧ̫Žɴ󷨡ֻؽ
뵽˴δɫһ±òҰֽĹȻ˵Ľִ˵
˵̫ʱڣңһλħѪ֮Ϊ˺Ϊ̫ŵһħ񣬱Դˡֻؽͨ죡ڹ֮УӴǸʱˣʧˣִֻ˵
ȻΪλֻؽͨΪҪͨ
δԽԽǸеľӵʵݵʲôϸϸԷһ·Ԫ򣬾Լģ̫ŽͨĿľ򵥣ʲô


0296 
δ룬㵽ôˣ
δɫ仯޳˫üҲˣǺ£㷲ΪԼҪȥ壬˲
ӡ
ֻδɫһ±֣ʵӻ˵ʲôҼǵϣһʱ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ϡ
ϸ仨δ뿪Լ˵ʲôʬħӶԷʱֻ˵˵ѣص㡣
׸˵ʲô
δ˼ٴʵ
ĺ˻ס
룬ֵ˳ĺͰ˻ףǺںȵʱ򣬿Ӹģʱ˵ʮ棬ǻ˶ǰ£δҪʵص㡣
˻ס
δֽ˳˼֪˻ףʲôˣΪԿʧܣֻȥԱԪ
ôˣ
ûûʲô
һ̣δֽƽȴԽԽ͸ˣҲ֪ʱӦӦøֻؽ顣
ã󣬶һ¿ӴˣĿĿЩ򵥣ĵŻǲ׶á
뵱ʱ뿪ȵʱ򣬿Ҳô˵ǰŻɶãΨһŽ׶ãδ˿ԼΪ⣿
δʱɵӣ˵ҵģȻ죬ҲǽⲻģһԷġ
δ룬ģẦҡ

δ˵ͷ±ߣ棬üȴһ˿⣬ֻʵƻ¸£׼ʱ
¶ֵӰȳȥ
Ҳա
δ̾ȥΪ̾
ûС
δҡҡͷɱžķ򣬻˵ʱͦĽ켫Щӵģ켫˪ˣ͵ʱǶܰȵҲ޷ǲμӸֱԣԼӮ಻ģҲֻΪȥõΪ
˵˴תͷȴҪô࡭֪һȴò
֪ҹ˼֡
峿Ǳδ룬뿪һҪ壬ûδ벻Ҫȥδһϴɱžӹͽܷġơ
ʣһ²ʱ䣬ҪĴɶȻģ޷ȴǡͽһδ˴Ҫ塱
һϢνһԪһȻ󲨣ЩǷɸ봫飬Ѷڸ֮תݣ̶գҪһ£˾֪
ʱȥ˰£һģǦƳɽϣһ͸ĸо˿¸е
ɽϣһɽׯׯǰһʯù׭ĸ֣ؽɽׯ
Ҫһѽ
ؽɽׯĽׯׯڲؽÿһѽԲ಻ʹ鴦֪һۣ֮Ҳ֪յˣа
Ҫһѽ
ҪĽ
һѺý
ٺõĽɱ֮֮ȡ
öƷʯתȥˣʯϴڶǣɲŮ޼õھɲŮΪġ
Լٷɽׯׯһϻﺮ͸ϻһ򿪣潣磬Լָ󽣹͸һˮ⣬ǲ
˽Ի⡯
ȷһѺýתɽ
˺صɱׯ֪˭
뿪Աһ̽Сʵ
ؽɽׯĽ಻ʹ鴦Īˣȥա

λϾڣԪÿһڽһƵշ壬ϳơ塱Ҳڴ˶֪꣬
ڵʮ죬δ磬ͷܶȥɽϳ˸ŰѩһƬӰ֮֮壬˸ŸɵˣŸٵɢˣҲ˴˴
ΪڴһҲΪһǴһǺηʥǷҶǰ֮ᡣ
ѩ֪ʱͣˣɽߵĵطｨһͤӣǺʱȻԻͤ
ڷͤԱߣһʯдšµһ֣ʷپư磬ֻµһĸ֣ȴǺأܹ֣
쵽ʱȺڿʼɧ׷۽׻᲻֮Լ˵Ҳ˵ħΪŰ򲻸塣
ȻĪһǵʱԶʣһӰԽԽˡ
һ̣˶ס˺


0297 ۣ֮ѩ
һ𣿡
ԶӰԽԽȻУٴ˵Ǵû壬ţħΪŰվ
ֻһˣһҲ塣
ҿҲδأȻ˵ҪҲ
ˣˣ
ӰԽԽһǿֱɽ۷ѩң˾˳һȻûȻˣ
һ£ȺǼǧˣĿ¶ɫҲ޷ţǰ¾ȻûվȻĸ壬Ҳ˵ϸָɱˣˣǴԣ
ԭˣһô
˳ǧ򣬵ȻҲ˶в˽춼ǳݣо룬ֻӦǺжΪͽħأ
֮ǰŻʱ֮ʱˣʱ겻ѣң뵱ŻʱǸǿ꣬ǰӣʵڲ̫ˡ
ڣɽۣ˫һ̤ѩʱصıѩ˾еһϣһɲǣ˶ϸܵһʮִܹһָǿɱΪѷǵɱˡ
㡭һ
˹żֻɺ;Ҳ޹ǻǰǷΪ
һڱʱ򣬻δٰһΣѸŸɵˣת
ȥûϣ
ǰ뵱Ǹʵ̫ˣ񣬻Ǵ˿һϢ
ĳԼĳˣǷѾˡ
ѩ裬ֻǰһ̤һֻ˷ȴһ˵仰ҲһˣһǺ˼ٰ硣
ȥֻӰ´£ȴطȺ۵ˣϴ棬壬ղǾ仰ȴûС
ϸ˿壬˵ˣȴˣǰеǸ֮ˡ
̫£һҹ֮ìܣҪղ壬ôĴԻһձһӰ쵽ǣʦԲò
֪֮¾ǺΪ֪ǰв֮˾˭Ҳò壬
˿̣ڳ˻ΪûУԶĴȻȴ۵˵
ۺͲطȵûֵҲΪ֮٣һЩ֮䰵顱Ϣһ˵Ҫ壬Щ˱ѰһУֻ
֮⣬ڱ｣ǼҲδ꣬ԽգҲ˶ϣԸټʦ㣬жף֮ǰȥؽɽׯһѽ
ʱһµİߴȺվ˳ȥĿʵ֪Сѣտһ˶
һɫýܸոտģȷʵֻһ˵ǼȻѾ϶ħйأ㲻ֻһ壬ԴӸղŵڣһֱв䱸š
ֻĳһ˶
ŴԣȺﲻ˶׷׽ɫʾ⾲䣬仰Ȼһеǣв˼⸽ħˣԾСš
á
ߵ˵ͷĿȴȻٴʵϸ£Сѳɱƽ˵Ĵ¡֪Сνͣ
ˣǾȡ
ƽƽ仰ȴڳ˾һԷ飬Ǳɱ֮ǰһٽ̳һʱν񣬲ȵ̳һָɱ
Ǵ˿̣ȴ޼̳ͬ޿ɷ飬ֶ̣֮ȴĺ޹һ˵ȡĸ֣ʱҲȥ
Ŀ⣬ʵЩ꣬δ࣬ȴȥ˺δǷһֱ
֮ĳδȥΪζҪȥ
仰ȻЩ겢δδ紫˵Ѿڳ˴˶ӣȻĴ滳ɣҲΪռȻҶǰ壬ҲûҪ˵ѡ
ֵγֵʱǡǰãһҹԴԴйأ֮£Ƿйأ
ŴһΧһ°˶һֻ̣Ҳ߷ʵȻĳ˽Ը㣬ֻٵԼȥĵط𣿡


0298 ǧ
һ£Ⱥ˳ţ˶дԣһ壬ĴԣȴԵʮֻĵ޻ħڣ岢δΪҪȥһССĴӣ
ԸţĴԣ˿ڱŪǷǡ
á
ٴε˵ͷЩ飬޹أǰԱ｣ɱ£ȴƲ岻ˡ
һ˾ɫһȻ֮һ£Ųٲִ£²δꡣ
ŲٹʣǸŸЩˣĪǾͰĪǽվȥֻͬһ򲻿ܵġ
δ꣬ˣ˿̵ƽƽߣ֪ǰγƺ
ĿһȻһµͳ࣬˼ɱϷ裬ĳʦܣڱ｣֮£
Ŵԣ˸һݣԭڵϣ䲻ĴţҲѾãڣԪҲЩʵ
˵ʦֻһˡ
мٶ˵ȻոҶǰ壬ҲΪһж׼
Ҳա
һһ˶ϣθģҪɱĳˣô
һ仰ȴڳһ𣬽Ҫɱ˲壬ѵ治ô
ʱԶһɫӰ˹ȴһµİߣֻͬΪǰڱ｣֮µʦֻһ
һʱ䣬˷˷˹ʹԭͺ̹ǵɽۣ˼ɱͳޣѩ
һձɣ
ȺɱڣҪɱˣȻ٣ȥһƬȻȫġ
ԾƵ裬ΣƩ糯¶ȥտࡣ
ʱɽºȻһʵէŴ׷׻ͷȥֻɽ·ɽ·ϣһӶź˷ǰУ˫ʮֻ̳ѩǳǳӡ
˿ǡʮǰŵˣ
ȺʱСҲˣֻ˽üĿǿʣǱˣǵʶΨһѣ˼ȴ
һ̣Ժﲻֻ˵£ƽɽ̳
һƻᣬҹ˼ȴ
ֻ˼ȴ˫һ㣬ƽƽȷɵɽ棬˾һݣ˺Ĺ
˼ȴʮǰϳţ
ôϳţͲô
ʮǰһ£˼ȴƺԵ⣬ֻ˹ȥϴЦ˵οչĳˣֻΪպѣһ̳ưˡ
һ˵ּȥһմħйأǰͲϵ˻߹ȥƣԼ˵˼ȴ֪ʲôˣ
Ϲ˼ȴʼЦݣʲôˣʲôˣҪƣʲôϵολǰ˵ôĳѲŵˡ
⡭
һ仰ǰ˶˵ֻߵǰЦѿɻǵã֮ʣ˵´ټҪҺȾơ
û뵽ѳΪǧ֮У˶ҪɱȴֻǰһϿЦҾҪˡ

˼ȴͷһЦ޷Ȼ㣬´ټҡ
ҲչնЦĳմѲձض˼ȴֺȾƣߣ
˾ǧע֮£̤ͤȥµ֮ʿ޶á
ͤУֻһ°Ŀ̳ƣһǺ
̳󣬹˼ȴǰۿԪʢɵħ˱ܣȴֻǱ棬ΪΣ
һȺѡ
ﲻмֽһ̳£˼ȴƴЦ˵ǣһȺѣ
˼ͤдʴʣ˽һŭ룬£Ҳѷɣ
ʮ̳֮濴ȥ࣬Ѻþδ˺ȥǾգ˵ѣҪȥˣ֮£޹ء
˼ȴ֪Լֽ֮£˵Ҳ֣ǡ˵˴ͣһżתһ仰
˵
˼ȴվһǿǸ˵Ҹ㣬ʱգȻ㵱ʦܡ
һۣԺֻһ죬ǧѺߡ
ҡѻزȥһ˵ֻ꣬˫һţͤȥ


0299 
ѩŰңѽۣ˼˿̾ǾһֻǡµһķƱ£ǰˣﾹһ˿Ҳޡ
СѿѾ׼ˡ
ǰ䣬˵ʱһɽֻƣȻǷƷ
ĬȻֻ⽣м˳Žϡ⡱֣벻ؽɽׯׯԭǸ˽
˺⽣ʲôýȲ;ɽʱ͸ĺ⣬ȴ˿̵ľˮ

ֻѩ֮һ죬˼ԼɽҵĽͷѩʼնĬ⽣Ϊʹһ̾˲һ㣬͸źͬʱҲ΢΢Ľ֮
ԶԽԽ˼ɽҲϢһҪɱȥͬű𣬵ȴǲòˣ֪ǧҪɱȴȻ壬֮˶ϡ
ɵҲڴ˵أ컯뿪Ҳ컯ӽ󣬸ɱ㲻Ϊǰȥ
ǽգ߲˵أڳŸɵˣôΪ
ֻ컯轫ǰϽУĿ˵
һ̣˶Ϣ֪ضǷͬСɣһǽסˣҲԵֵ˵Ĺ˽˽ѡ

Ҳеĺ⽣ĿһڶϣİʮϵĵУҪƾİٶĵɱǲܣض
һ
һսָһԪڽ֮ϣȻǿԲɵĻѩɡ
˾һϣǿĽ
ֻɽâ˲Ϣ䳯նǿĽϢδ˲佫ȫסܲ㲻ˣû˿أ
ȻһֹİĵУԥھһɲת˲ɫâ
һնâһ¾ϣһ񵲶ֻһ죬ײֱøѩƬƬɣ˸Ȼһϣȥ
ţ׽סĵһոɫâʲô
ⲻ֪ЦڣһĹֻһֱ֮߸󣬴δйֱǴɱžɽڵġĶо裬ʼ
׹ľ֡롰Ϊգתֻ빦㹻Ƿɵ㻯ͨͨһһǿ̩ɽķӹɡ
Ϊᣬɹᣬתֻͬ빦㹻¶Էֳɽϵһָɱ񣬱ָ˾֮һмǿ޲ƣһָͽǿɱ
ǾںϣǿǵЦ죬ҲǴδζܹ磬Ǹѽա
˿̣ɽ۱ѩ裬ֵסԼĵһĿһڶ˲ʩչ˳ڶ
һƾֻжȻĵɽֱĸնɱȥÿһԱȸղһǿδɽ۾Ѿǲ
˿½ԥһɲǣھǷת˲һɫ
ĵʱ⽣Ҳһ˲亮ֻ¡¡һ죬ڵĻѩ̿ˣѩƮɢʱֻԭأҲ˻ȥ

󣬸ղǿĵȻҲɹֵ
һ
һɲǣҲһΣȴǼǰսָӽĨһѪ
⡭
˽ԸеһϢһ̷ǽϸܵһʮֳصɱɱȴǴӽ֮͸ģǡ
ɱ
һһ˲Ҳһɲǣıѩ뽣ϵɱ˹ȻҲһԲڣÿһƬѩԻһɱĽ飬ǵأ
һ̣˶˳ǡɱ֮


0300 
ɱ֮һһɲǽɱעΧ֮УǴ˿̷ԲƬƬİѩҲһɱĽ
һ˲䣬ͤĹ˼ȴҲɫҪȥֵɱ֮
ɣ
Զ˸˫ĿԲȥĽѳĹȻϵ֮ƾһˣҪεֵס
˿̣ǧɱ⽣֮УɱʦܣǸĳһ˲ɱƾʲôҪȥһ
һ˲䣬ֻ˫һƷ˲ϢǲնĽһ趸Ȼһʲô
ԶȻһعֻƷɱ⽣ΪһԶһɽͷնȥ¡һ죬ɽͷʱڽ֮·顣
һĻֱ˲ȥòŻعܹԷĽΪãոһǷǰλţ
ƽֻѩеɫɽ˵ѹӴĳСѵ鷳
˵գֻתɽȥһȴͷҲأӰǴżֲɣį
Ϊ޷ʦܱ𣬶ΪƾȴһҲԸˡ
ɽۣ˿̾һ˵ֱӰнԶӡٴαѩ˲𽥻عֳ˹ȥ
Ȼδ˺ʵѾЩңֻǴ˿̣һֱǿѹŲ˿ԶţǰЩˣҪɱģȴ
ЩΪĴɵԳٳٶδ֣֪ʱʵѾ¾ͻعʱǾһˡ
һֵǽûôˣ׼
ʱǰԼɵˣһ̣ƺѾ˸׼
λҪȡĳǡ
һ߰Ϣһµӣ˲֪ʱʵƬ̺Ⱥﲻ֪˭ȿһһֱնȥҲзɽնɱȥ
һԸ˵ͬʱǲҵģк⽣һʱ߻ʮǰնȥʱ䣬ɽ۷ѩƣƷ缤ݡ
Ƭֻ̣Ժ⽣ֵ˵Ľ֮۶ϸ˵ıУʩĹ֮£ʼֺ
ʱ䣬֪˶̫һȻ䣬ɽһ˷׷ȥֻ±ߵĻѩƬƬ䣬̼䣬ɽһжˡ
ô£
ŻΧˣһ̶䱸ոͻ𵴣Īħ⸽
Ȼϸϸ̽Ƭ̣ȴֲһ˿ħٹӰعٴȥֻȻվǡµһʯ£ո˵ĹǷֺδˡ
һΣ˶ǰˣӸոһսһΪѲ֮£ճڳǧȺֻ֮˭һͨ취һϵĸ֣ɱ˴ˡ
ǡҪȡĳô
˿̣Ŷˣһ߻˵ţһ߰ϢڸոһɲѾоˣҪȵˣѾ⸽ˡ
ʱȺһ׷Ȼվ˳һҪڴ˲񣡽ҵɱ㣬Ȼɱ㣡
ϸ˻˵֮ʱԶʵƲȻӿ˾ɫһ׷׳ǱȥֻƲ֮Уһɫ⣬һɫ⡣
ǵȻɱΪ˵ǱϹ顣
ŽȻӰҲɽ֮ϣߺ֮˽Ըеһϣԭ˲Ǳˣǲطȵ۵ˡ
˷ǵԪҾϵΪ˴˿̲Ÿеȣû뵽ȴվȻҲ塣
һʱ䣬˶ùһʵոտ˵һħ飿
Ŀϣǰһص飬һ˿½Ҳˡ
ԭ
һ£ȺǼǧˣֹǰٸˣԶɵҲžɫȥ
ֲòŶ̶꣬˵ΪԶԶһЩǰֲոչ˶䲻ƣԭħ飡
һ̣ɽУȻȴδȥ˵ĿʼնͣϣΪδˣϸЩ̫һˣ


0301 
Ϲ顭
ֻԶȻ˶˹Щ˵ΪͣǸոȴһ˳֣Ϊڴ֮ǰдţ˵ħ飬Խգһֱڰ䡣
ոտ׽ǵȹ칦ˣϹ飬˵ù
һ̣ﶼһ˿̰֮ɫȻϹһΪħ飬˭֪ǧǰֻħʦԲųħ飬ʵⱾڲؾ񹦣˭һ
ħ棬ֻżһƪ޳˾񹦣ܵУŵʦʦˣڵԪŵأħ££˵úܡ
񼴱ѹȥǧ꣬ħǼħͷɵˣ˭õⱾ飿
ֻӣվۼ˳ǧ˲˵ϵĸ֣滹ûħˣԴ˿̸ɵ˶ΨһȫˣǺˡ
˿ڷͤ棬˼ȴҲüϵ˽֣֮ƫƫǳһδֹ塣
ϸ洫Ҫʱֻ֪ܺŽҲ˵ĻƱػøӸӣ֮ǰ߲Űһˡ
ǰĿϣ׼ŵ˽ղˣˣ޿֡
ֻصһ˵˵Ҳ˵ˣ֪뿪𣿡
һ̣ԭ۷׷׵ȺȻ˶Ϲ飬뿪
ĿȻ޾壬ҪǱ飬˶ҪǱ飬֪ĳӦø˭
˵˴̬ԽݣһЦ˵ĳ齻֪գطǷҲǰһһҹ𡭡
˵һ䣬ֻȻڳ˶˸һ⽥
Ϲ飬˾˼ȻȴֻԴͷó˭ұ֤ܻŰߣˣպҲҪ⵽޾׷ɱ
뵽˴һЩмֵˣʶˡ
Ŀϣһ̵øˣֲ֪Ƿ֪ǰ𡭡
ǳ˭ء
ô
һЦԱ˿ȥ˿ɷ񻹼ǵãϸ棬˵ʲô
Ŵԣֳ˿ȥȴԭأ÷ʼճĬ
ĳǷ帰ƻᣬĪô𣿡
˶Щʲô˼ɳĬǷ񻹼ǵãϸ˲۵ĳϲ˵ĿģʵӦ°ɣ
һСȻȴԾɲ߽һЩǽգȴδΪʲôΪ㣬Ѿˡ
ˣ
Īһ仰Щʲô˼ʲôѾˣǰˣѲɻм٣
ΰɣ
ϸȥô£ݷɳȥ˫ֿٽӡһ˲佫ۻʩչ˳
һɲǣֻһůͷɨ֮⣬κʲôҲ޷쵽
һȴһۻԪ񶴲֮һ˲䣬ʶɨ֮һнԱ˺ڰīɫڳˣﶼ˺ڰīɫΨϷһ⣬˵ѱ˶ᣬԪơ
Ȼˡ
΢ܹһƾǿˣʵ֪
Ǻǡ
ʱϺȻһ˿Цһ̣׼˫ֽӡ̻һ˲ʩչ˳һǰֻǽɳȥδ˵Ԫ
ô¡
Զ˽һǴ˿ģֻǡˡȻȥȫ֪ʱˣѱĳ˵һƾơ
վΣ˫ֽӡȻŹ̻µʲôˣ˷ĳ֣ĿΪΣ
Ǻǣ²¿
ϹЦһУ˿Ҳһ䣺زˣҿڲضã䣬һ˲⽣һɲǣ⽣âһɿµĽֱ͸ȥ


0302 
ȥ
ָһһָ⽣ʱһɺâ˹ȥɲǼ䣬һɺ佣ܼȥΪ֮һʵô
ǡ
˹һЦзһɨ˲ǻǧ˿ƣֱ⽣ȥһǽ⽣˷ǧ˿ƵС
˫ֽӡֻһ⽣ǿ˷˿ƣһ·ɻߣһٴλ⣬˷նȥ
ˣֻһǧ򻯣⣬Ĵĺ⽣ֵ档
˶Ƭ̣ԶľȻδ뵽Ϲ飬Ϊ֮ߣϵһâոո軹и֮˽սʱûжȫʵĪǾڵ˵
ʵ˲֪˿̵˶ᣬֻǱһƾǿƣ˱ʵǿССһƾվֻһƾǣԪʶڵġˡûϵʵҪԸҲס
ԶԹۣһ·˹˿δв˵˿ǰˣΪιȻ֮½ôࣿѵĲǱô뵽˴󲻽еֺ䡣
ڷͤ˼ȴɫҲñ࣬˿ڳ˻ղԵ޹˵ЩĪĻǰˣĲǱˡ
ɽǷѩŰ̹ǣУĿԶġˡ˾ǲϣͨԶЧҲ޷ʩչֻܽϱƳˡ
˼ˣֻһ̧ʱһɫĻ棬˫ͫҲӡɫӰӣǵںϵġĻ𡱡
ʲô
˽ԸеһһɲǣǷǹĺɫܵһɿϢǲԪҲѰ֮
Զ΢΢һһɵɷ֮𣡼겻СѵڻԵɺ֮£ںĳ𣿿澿ʲôҲеѹֺͲ
ڳŸɵ˶δĻ𣬴ʱȻϲĻʵؼһɼĵɷ֮
ǰڵߴż˻𣬱þڣΪ֮ãǴμԣȴ鹦ˣ벻Ȼںϡ
˻Ƿǵߴǧأ׸ˣ˵УҲֻò£󷽷衱ˡ
ȻΪã˿ֻһӣɫʱ˾ȥ
չһô˻л죬ǻһֹȥ˲ʧԭأһ̳ʱɣһɨն˹
һ̤ٱܿ˫΢һӡһεĻ𺣣һ³ȥ
Ӳˣ
䣬ָһֻãã֮ڣɫӵ浹ϣŵø˷׷Զȥ
¡
һ죬Ļڽ֣һδӿԶ˽ŵɫɷףֻȫ£ȻΪɫ٣˿Ѳ
ٲ𣡡
һ̣˼£Ȼʤȯգ䣬ָֻһĻֳ˲ȥһΣһƾܲסˣһ´Ϸ˳
ʲô
˽һһǾˣһӰͷ˳ˣȴȫźɫ棬ϵȥֱ˼飬ѵҲܲס𣬾ƵԪ϶ˣ
Ӳˣ
һɲǣѾҲҪס˾ǣԪ֮ҲŹ
ʦ֣
ȴʱԶʮӰ˹Щȴ۵ˣǿȫĻ٣ƵԪϣһֵ̾˼㡣
ȴôˣۼ˾Ҫӣһ˲佫ӴĽʩչ˳ҵҪ㾿ǹʮء
һɲǣȻʧɫããɽ۹ľԭʵʣһ±ú죬һֲƲﴫһ̽޵һеޱȵĿ־塣
ҲͬʱɽֳӰǶȴǸոո溺Ϳӣ˿ƴɫ䣬һ죺Сӣͣ£
ȻȴѾֹˣʩչջأһֲԪ֮κطֱǵӰȥ


0303 
Сӡס֣
Ҳ˲ô˿ڳˣһ·˹ȥȻվһʩչԪֱ֮ǵӰ£ǵӰסʱ¶˱ĿȻȴԤϵǵӰȻ˵Ļǣ
ô¡
һɲǣҲסˣһ̣ؿȻһƣۣһѪ˳ɫһ±òҰ
ȻýȴδסҪˣ˱ʹԼ˼طɣһΣԪ˴ˡ
Сӣ
ӶȻ󾪣Ҳ˲ˣһͷһԽԪ̣ŷɢ
Ȼ˫ĿԲؿǰֻ˵ĻĻ֮£ĲҽУǰΪ˻ҽ
ԣ˵Ǹˣʱδȥ˵ĻǣǽһƾǵУý۵޷쵽
֮ǰϵΪܽͻȻܽĻĹԪͬһӤһ޵ֿ֮ɲǼ㱻ĻΪ˻ҽҲ˴˿һĻ
ʦ֣
۵ϵöʱĿѣһʦ֣ݺ֮䣬񣬾ȻǰɢˣܹܣǺʮӣŵɫվԭضҲҶһˡ
һɱ㣡
һµϵ˫۲Ѫ˿ȻһƳ˹һƾˣһ·ɽʯΪ촷ۣͬҲһ˲ѿѺۡ
ͤ棬˼ȴ˲ɳͿǰߣһµӭȥ䡱һһ֮ǿòȥվȺֻ˵ǰ»Σ
ΣСħͷɱʦ֣ǶŹ㵱Ϲɣ
µ˫۲Ѫ˿Ȼɱ˼ȴ㵱ΪɽµӣҪǰߣǾһɣ
䣬ֻȫ½һ˫֮һɫԪ˼ȴһ⣬۵ĻԪ̫

µɱɲǼ߶ȫԪһƴ˹һƸǷǰһƿɱȣʱԶȻһâ˹һ˻ȥ
˽һֻǵâڰлһų׹⣬˾ķ
ӣ
ȴԶδһ˲˹齻歷ˣջǷĲ˹
һħŮˣʱ˺Ů
һ£ʶŸûħˣɱ߿£˹
δ룬ôˡ
ɫ԰ף˵ҲЩʩչԪˣʱ޷ù˿̻ҪԻԪ񣬷ϡ
δһۣľѹӣмˣյϢŵˡߣ
ߣûܣ
µ˫Ѫ죬һת˻Ԫ̫δ䵲ȥ
һߣ˫΢ŮҲˣ˭ֻĿһֱڿϣԴʼմмɵԲóȻ֡
ʱԶһǿϢֻǱߺȻӿƲֱӿɢȥм䣬һƬѹѹӰ߷ɹˡ
δʱһˣŵˡ
һħŮ£
ֻһȣԶƬӰڽˣΪ׵ˣʹ١塢顢
Ůʹڰ׳ǹʹ˵֮ʱֹ
ʣˣһīɫʹһȥֵĺŮӣǻʹ
ʱŵ˵̽ɽϸŸɵ˶סˣ۵ˣʱҲˡ
ʹĿ䣬˼ȴȥ˼ȴ벻ҲĪǽ֮£Ҳйô
˼ȴʮǰţȻҲʶʹֻǴƺʹʹϵôá
˿̹˼ȴδ˵µúȻǰһ̤ŰеĹʹ޺޵λʹߣһɱʦ֣ƶҲ뿪
ģ߲ˡ
ʹȥһ±̼ǵõţǴ裬ܶԷǲĵӣܷŹֻԱ˭
ͽħŮзɱۣ
ʹֻ˿һۣδȥᣬܿӵǳһ£ʱɴ󣬽Χм䡣
ǰ֮˲󻹲ʹһԾʹվ÷λһŵɫâƽضʱ˳׽档


0304 
ˡ
溲ڰһпŵġ޾󡱣ʮһУǲҲӣ¼ǻδСҪƴ󣬿Ҳˡ
ȼƣΧŸɵ˶ʶԶһЩʹǺεݣΨλˣ˹Ҳ޷Ԥ£λʹͬʱȻҪץһŮλһλ˼
𽥱ЩȻҪԻǿг忪ҲǲɣֻǴ˿Ҫ̻꣬вԪɢԴ˿޷鿪
ֻйʹȥԪӤ֮ʿ󷨣
ʱ˲ȫע⵽ԱߵߣϵΪҲ޷ӵʵǾ͸޷ˣֻǴ˿̼Էƺ˹ˣΪƲ͡
ʹ񣬸ղע⵽ߣԷһڵԼΪǳ֪ΪΣһ̺ȻеЩ
ȷʵǰòԪӤΪϵֻһ֮ңʹҲδ˾˭һۿԼʵʵ֪ǰγƺ
Ϸ˭֪˲ɱ̳󷨣𣡡
䣬ǲɣһ˵꣬һԪɢȥʱһ˺ǿĻ
ʹǸеһϣԪӤԺ󣬱δܵ͸ѹȹǰˣеһѹȣָоʮֲǶԷֻᴵɢһ
ѵ侹˳ʥ֮һ̣ЩԨһĸоʵֻ֪ǿӵ壬ڿҪ̻꣬鲻Ըǡ
ʹҲеЩ͸ˣô죿պòסħŮѵҪǳ󷨣ħŮһȥô󷨣Ϊһǿг忪󷨣Ҫش
˳ɲ֮ʱʹȻӯӯһЦǰʵȻҵܼ£ǰҪԪ񣬾Ͳ˻ɢô
һʹͷŻǣڸ鲻֣γ޾
˼ˣֻһ䣬ϲǾŵâʱ˾£˹ȥ
Ҳͬʱ˼ȴȻﶯһɲһţ˫ӡŴȥ⣬ʱһøɽҡѩ䡣
ʹ״϶Ȼһ˼ȴҪʲô
˼ȴ֮ˣ֮һɽµӣ޾ܲϤ˿ƾһ޷ƽ⣬ҪƿһСڣʲô£
һ޾һƿһ϶Ӹԥһץ˳ȥ
ʹɫ΢΢һ䣬˲һӲӵķȥδҲ˳ɻɡֵ
ǣ
ʹһ£ʱδһԷɻɡֵʹĹƣһֵˣ󼱼ǰ뿪
л̫Ԫƣʧһ߰˸ˣɽ³ȥ
ߣ
һ´Ӱ˳ӦܷĻδһڴ˴ϺŸɵˣûһɱģЩܻڡ
Сӣߣ
ȴôˣһ´ǰ·ȥ۵Ҫȥ׷˼ȴ˲Ϣһµȥ·ıѩѩɢ֮󣬼˶ѲӰ
ڴˣŮ
ۼ룬ʹ˫ĿѣҪȥ׷δһݷɶ˫ַǰв֪ʲôһɲǣֻȫһųҫ۵Ĺâ
⣡
ʹȻһҪȴѲһɿֲԻδΪӿɢ¡һ⸽֮˽Ѫ˳ȥ
޾ҲɢˣԲɽʯ֮»Ϊ촷ۣΨǡµһķƱأ
δ롭
˿ѱӴʮɽϳʻαʱһδ

ҹԪһ֪ɽȡ
ɽ棬Ԫȹȴļء
ֻ˿ɫ΢΢ЩҲ˵ûʮְ֮ǰмǲɶôô
ɽĹ⣬ɫӳԲ԰ףԺɻһĻǵӰôͻȻ˵Ļǡ
ӳ̾һվµ㣬˵˵һƾǣѾˡ
˵ʲô
üͷһ壬һֱΪ壬˵ľǽ˵Ļǽѿˣȴ˵˵ľѾԼˣɻ
ӵ룬ܸӦõʱδߣڽ֮ˣһƾǱ𣬾ʵǿҲȻܵˣǧ㣬㵽ʩչ
˵˴תһ̿ɫȻࣺ֪ΪΪʱ֪ӲĽһǣҲΪܣ˿һ֪ݡ
֪ݡ
ɫҲ𽥱ʲôݣǾԲ֪ģ
ʱɽȻнŲ˽


0305 ƻ
ŲԽԽʱһϥȥ۾ᡣ
Ƭ̺¹³ӰȻǱˣǰճȥ̽Ϣ溺͹˼ȴ
ڻˣվԽţΣδϢˣ
˼ȴһۣʵˣ
ްδΣǴˣ
ˣϣһɲǱ׷Ȼǵʱδʩչ˽
˼ȴʱŵӣüͷҲòŵ塭˺ܶˣɶˣԹơ
Ŵԣһδ뼴Ҫ׷ҲɱʱһʧˣʧصĻǡ
˼ȴǽϢ˵˳ڡѾˡ
Ȼ
һ±Ȼ޹⣬ĵڻǷˣδڱȥţԼҪ취ȥȳ
üȲҪβܹȳôֱںδһ棬һŽνȥ
üԽԽָҲԽԽҡҡͷǵɽ𺣣ҲҪȥұžȳ
ߣ
ʱۣбһۣȥɣȥͶʡ˵ˡ
溼æ˵ͷǰ˵ûǱǰȥˣûȫƻǵ˾ȲԼҲҪС
˵˴ͣһּҲʧֱܣʱʦȻҲסˣһȥ㣬һԱʱǵĿľȫˡ
Ҫ
ָһδ룬һʦҪδȳҲԸʦǴǰ侲˼Բߣδ뱻ܣˮ֮Уνң˿Ծϸȥƻ
ߣ
һߣԭΪ㾭ô࣬¶ϸǣ벻çײçײ£ᡭϷҲŻ𣡺ߣ
ǰ
üͷ壬˵ȥȥкγףóȻý޷ס˾ǣѰ֮£Ѱһ鱳Ĳߡ
ֻϧԷʵ̫ƻ֮ɱˣ˵֤ݣ˳Ϊʸ֮ģ߳ɹͻδϡ
û̸ʲô֮ˣΨ̸ɱˣ̸ħŮδ˸Ÿɵˡ
ԽüͷԽȥڴΣ
롣
ۣ˵òûдóȻ£δ뱻ܣҪδȳһҴţΨһĽֻԼҲʧֱܣȻʦȡ
δ˲ɵˣűȻ乫УʱŸɵ˶ţڴ֮ǰδǰȫġ
뵽˴˼ȴȥʵɷ̽źʱ
ʮ塣
ʮ塭
ָ㣬إжʮʱ䡣溼˼ʵ춯֣

ҡҡͷ̨ɽأŸ˰˹ϣλĪչزˣ˵δϵ֮ϵΪʮɸۣѻδȳûпܡ
ԣֻʮ֮ǰǱţδȳڴ֮ǰŵķرȻɭβܹǱȥ˳˾ȳ
˼ȴűȽϤ̨ܷɽĲ𻭳
˼ȴһ֦ϻһȦע˰˹λͼָ˶ţ˵а˹ж֮£ʻδȻ׹С
׹
ų̂ɽƼҪǱ׹ˣֻ߶š
˵˴˼ȴڵϻһȦֱطһһָȥʮ˲ɭ׵δֻпܱطǲҴһϾʱǵ˾ȲҲС
ŵǵطüͷԽԽʵ֮δᱻطһУ

˼ȴ֦׵ָȥɻһʵȷǹɭ棿
˼ȴҡҡͷ˵ʮ˲ɭֱųδ벻ᱻؽ棬˵ǺϺǡ˵˴̧ͷ˿溣ңһΣһ塣


0306 
ŵϱǵ׵˼˼ȴ֪ɻ˵һҳ¡
˿֪ΪδʱҪԼȥҲʣһͬɽȥˡ
һͬʱͣ˼ȴתòŵӦǱ˭ȥȻδ룬ա
˫ü΢֪Ҫ˵ʲô
˵

һȻ˼ȴת𣿡
Ӧ𣿡
ҲԺյһĻĻ˼ȴɽ֮ʶĵһѣ˼ȴҲΣӦ˭
ңͰҵļƻֻˣܾȳ
á
һΣȴδٿǣֻصɽ溼ȥôòŻʵ˵ʲôˣ
˼ȴЦЦ˵ѽŵĲ֪һһ¼ƻ
һֱҹʱ֣ƻ˼ȴʶգˣֻֻд˲ϤţӦ˭
˰ˡ
ʱһֱտڲԵĿӺȻӵվ溺͹˼ȴ˵ȳȥգСȹȹԪõʱؼʱ̳©ӡ
ȥ׼׼Ͳǰˡ
˼ȴſӹ˹֣溶һۣȥˡ
˵ĽŲԶȥ֮ӿȥԪȻȹ̣ӷǰ˵޷֧˼ȴѣʵǰлҪ˵
һֻ̣ɫأãڶһϣ˵㵱㲻Ҫˣ֮ˡ
˿ȥңңԶ˼ȴ溵ıӰòŵ
ʱ֮Ǽ΢£ţһۿ˼ȴˣһʶĹ֮Уֱٴƽɽһȥ̳
һжʶ·ǰʶԵҲһ𲢼ս
ãá
˫Ŀ΢˵ͷҲˣ˼Ƭֵ̣г⣬ҳ˵ǰͷѻ٣ޣŽأδػپһΡ
ǰģȥ˾ȳӦ歷Ϊò

ѣԪвĵطɽ֣ɽ
ȻһӰϣֻһ£յʦ㣬ü⣬ʱҴȥ¡
⣬ֻ洫һʵü⣬ҹˣк£
ϡ
ü湰˹֣ʱǰһӰ˳֮£һΪ໹档
Ϊһ֮¶
ǡ
˰ˣɡ
໹תȥǰһӣһߵʮ壬֣֮С㵣ʮ壬ȥžˡ
Ͽд˾֮⣿
ü˫üһǵλóȻ£һǵʦõ١
໹ȴδشĻֻǰֵǾһһ㿴˾֣Ƿн⣿
üǰ˼壬˰죬ֻϰӴȻϸ֮£ȴ·Ӯˣһ»ȻĪһӣȻĿǰֻҪͻӱؽһͿأ
໹ǣΪࡣ˵գ£̵֣֮ߵ˹
üһϹȻôʵ¡
뵣ǡ
໹һ߻˵ţһʵʦÿڱ̨̲δ
ŴԣüгһЩʦʼձչزһô£ȻδҲȥ忴ʲô£

໹泤һ̾һ£Ҳǡһؽ٣ΨԼġؽ١ܶɴ˽٣ˣĪܸԤ
ؽ١
üֺиǾһѵʦõ٣Ҫ𡭡

Ѷڵʮ֣˴վ͵֣µҪҵһ
ʱһȻʱԶһŮ𣿡
ȥֻ߳һŮӣǰȥŮӣʵ歷𣿡
ŮȻ֪Ϊζɫ΢΢ЩżȲ˾ڹУ


0307 Ǳ
˿̣һص棬ٸĳɫڵⲽЩΪ˻δ뱻һ£˿ǼԴ
ˣתˣתͷˣ
ĳٿһۣûصͣȥôԼҲתתȥô
ˣ˵ˣ飬ô죿һôְ֪ѹŪˣʮԴҲ
ô죿ҪȻĸ߶°ɡ
У
ĳһִҡͷϻصѾ鷳ˣعҪٱȥĻҲˣֲǲ֪ӣҪĻֻᡭοԽԽˣǶҲ˼䣬Ҫǡ
˵˴һ±࣬͵͵⿴һۣС˵һע⣬»᲻
ô죿
ҲһС࣬ƺ塱֣Ҳһ¡
ĳ⿴˿СƽùΣ
°룬ȻʱװͰ͵ģĻ
Ͷˣ
ĳһƣ֣µصιѣҶǸҲҪŽȳȻˣȥȱǣ
㡭
ٱ˿ģһ㡭ģ㱾£ϹһƹϺüˣΪĽ𣿻Ϊλǵȱ£
ҪȻһʱ䲻ʮ壬𣿡
Գ֮ʱнŲһŮӵλˣˡ
һ
ĳٶһۣȥˣ˴ϣֻһˣĳ󿴿ҿˣһˣʦأ
ɵ𣿡Դһ£ѹʲôط𣿡
Ǿһˣôȥȹ
ôʲô˼ҼȻˣȻа취ұ죡
ʱˣ˻ﳳû꣬ü歷ģ
ںؾٵĳһۣǰؾȥ
ؾ棬歷˿ٴ˳ˡ
ǰŮӣЩɵصδ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
ҽɡ
歷˿˿ؾȥ漴ȥ棬˺歷˲̾һ˵壬δ
Ǹδܡ
Դ˿糤һ歷ˣѵִҪ壬óȻýδ뱻ץȥš

歷ҡͷ̾תؿԺɸգϵ֮£һָǿɱʱ龰
๼ȴӴ˱˾ţȴҪһһԨݵǵԴ֮˳ΪŸͽȴƫƫݲǿЦ
뵽˴歷веЩϧʶţƫƫˣҲԸħŪȴΪδ롣
£ҲȥôˣʵжԲߣ

˵ͷ㽫¸Ǳžδļƻ˵歷֮˾þó˼ò̧ͷΣأҪ׽㣬뻢Ѩǹ˼ȴ֮ˣˡɿ

á
歷΢΢ͷֻҪŵùˣҲˣ˵һӦǣ
б䣬ֻδ밲ȫ뿪
㡭
歷ɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺ֪Ĵ㡣
תȥһҲҪδȳб䣬ƴҲҪδ

ʮ죬Ԫ򣬿ν粻ƽ˲ۣ֮һǰ²δɱˣҲһα˷˼⣬֮δ뱻һ£Ҳڸ֮䴫÷з
³죬ҹ޹⣬Ƭǵһ޴УԤʾŹҹ
ݣ
һӰϢ̨ɽŸ׹ڣҹȥ쳣֮Уȴִ͸һɹϢ
Щߡ
Ĺ֮£ֻӰģǹ˼ȴ
˼ȴŵĵʮϤﲼн󷨣Ѳжָơ
Ĵ죬ں棬ܿǱ׹Уֻʱʱк֣ǽ쳣Щ׹Ľ󷨣һԲСӡ


0308 м
ԼһѾһĹǰ׵ڣ˼ȴ֮ǰ˵δǱ档
˿̣һ·ڹ˼ȴ֮£֮أǳĳͨ衣
ߡ
ǰһѲ߹ȥ֮󣬹˼ȴһ׵ȥˣ˵ȴǱ濴ʱΪֻټһʱȴһˣֻ˵ĽŲصǲ֪Ĵɷɷ硣
Ƭ̣ȻͣΧأ㲻˵δ뱻𣿡
һֻ̣˼ȴȻЩ·һ¾ͱ˸һʣţֱǵȥ
˼ȴأ
վں棬ٴüʵ˵ʱѰһԪ
˼ȴȻ𻰣ǵȥ棬ȻһʯŹ˹֣ϣ˴ˡ
Ǻǡ
ǰʯ棬һЦֻһߴ˳Ӱ
˫ü棬䣬üһɫӡֻһۣеһĪϢ
߲Ǳˣǰ˹֮һϣΪڼλ棬ǸĪ⣬޷
һһΣԸģԹˡ
Ͽ˵ţָָԱߵĹ˼ȴĴ죬ĪǵΪ׹˺ý
䣬׵Ȼһܾ˲Ϣ˲ơ
ԭˣҾ˵Žأոȴ֮ء
Ȼ䲻˿̿˼ȴȴһʧ˼ȴҶٰΣȴû뵽һʼ㲼µľ֣Ŀıĳˣ𡭡
֡Ǹ
˼ȴ˿۵ҲǡвѵĿԣ˲š˵Ͽȥ泤ϴˣϵĳŵɷ֣
ģ˼ȴ˴´󹦣ҴӦģԻڡ
ɫɭһ˵ţһ߻ȥһˣƿûκһ˿λˣҲ֪
ɭɭЦϴ㽫ĳԶ׹ˣȴһ֪һգܹĳʶ֮̽ڣľ񹦣⵹λϣϡµһֺš
˿һԼİҰģϲʲô仯ҰĲ˹ǼΪλȨأȻҰĲֹʵȴֲ֧ҰģʶŴ˾˼⡣
һȻ֪Ҫʲôʹʹ콫齻ʡûܼ尾
ˣ˿ں棬˼ȴɫȴ𽥱Щаһֻܰ㵽ˣܹסƬ̣뾡ȳδ
ǰδ棬֮£ãüȥ֮ǰ໹ʵ
˿̣һǱ棬ƣɿӽ⿪
СӣǰһĽƣҪߵˡ
ٴδӻ˳ĬĬһԣһ·ССģǵȲδ룬Ҫ۹˼ȴ
һУǹ˼ȴļƻ
ʱصإһ˼ȴе档
һ˵δ벻Ǳ׵ȥܰȵó֪ϵʵƾңټ歷˺ͿǰҲܶԸˡ
㡭Σ
𣿡
˵
ãϸҰĺܴõоʶ˴֣ңһ׵˲ܹܽȥδ
˼˰ҵӣȥ׵
û㻹ǵǴƽɽδ֮νһദãҲѧһЩɣΨ溹Ϥٰ㣬һһ̬仯ģµ棬˷ϵ۾
㡭ȡϵΣ
м飬ػңʮǰұΪƣɱͬŵֻϵʱֻ֪֣ܹ֤ףһָݣ벻ѲţҰףҲٻš
ϣ𣿡
ػȡҡ
ҡ˼ȴӦ𣿡

ʱ˿̣ȻǾ仰˼ȴӦ
Сӣ
ôˣ
̴ӳ˼лعȥָ֮ɫɵ΢΢һ䡣


0309 
ֻǽ󷨺һȻš򡱣˸˸ֻҪһţؽһɲǱΪҽ
Щ顣
˫üһ˵ţһС˽ƣ򿪽ƺЩƶ궯
˿ҲüСһЩҪܿЩ飬Ҳǲɣֻ֮ǰ˼ȴδ˵˶顣
СӣǴ󣬾Ҳû·ˣˡӿص
֪룬˴飬˼ȴδᵽ޷ǲ̫Ź˼ȴѡ
߰ɡ
ٺ١á
Цթٺ٣СӣϷһģԼԹ߽εˣ߰ɡ
ٶԣСȥЩһϢ£ܹͷһ΢ȲˣҲЩ顣
ԼڴԽƬ򣬵һΪĵطҲøӾСˣʼ̫ι˼ȴҲһ֡
ǰƬ̣ɿϢ⿪һЩƣһʯ棬ֻϸ΢ĵˮͬʱһɺ͸ʯϵķ϶͸
ɺδ룡
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʯϿȥֻӡģЩĽƣǴ˿̴͸֮ܵõǴδ͸ĺǴɽһģһ
뵽˴иһϴأδ˺󣬱ǹɹ캮ĥѩǹɺδܺĥ±ϴθء
СӣʯϵĽƺ˺󡣡
ɫҲֽϸ̽ʯϵķĽƣֱһŽʯϵĽƽ
ֻ¡һ죬ʯŻ߿ˣһɺ̲֮ס˸̧ͷȥһĻɫһ䡣
δ룡
ֻδ뱻һʯ棬ֽžסˣɫ쳣ɷףΪĵʯϣѾһĺǺǴɢġ
Сӡż
Ҫȥһ˲ֽ˵нƣҪ˵գָһһЩεĽƣ̱˳
һ
ɫأһ˵ţһСȥƿЩơ
һ󣬽ڱƿʯǰָһȥϵĽδȻһ壬ȴ꺮һ㣬һɺʱ߱ȫѨüҺͷ˲һм
Ա߿üͷһ壬ҲɻСѾͷڣ˿µһ֮ѵ
δ룬ס
˵עһɴ֮ʱδת˹ӡ
δ룬
ҡҡ
δû뵽һˣԭξһģһԼˣǸо˿Լע봿֮ϲɵ΢΢һӣס֡Ҫᡭᡭ
Сӣ
Ա߿Ҳƾ쵽ʲôһ˲ǰס֣Ҫں򵥣뿪ƽ´˽Ƶ˱ضӦõ
δ룬ס
üͷһ壬ҲԥˣѸȥȻһ߳ʯ΢΢ɫһ˲ˣߣ
˿̣׵˼ȴţȡٸһЩʱ䡣
ڴʱǾ쵽б䣬ɫһƵĿȥ㲻һʲôˣδ䣬һƱ˹ȥ
һͣȻˡű䡱ǷҲһ󵹷˳ȥϵ߸ǡ͡һƬƬ顣
һͷں㷢ɢ֮£ȴһգʶ˼ƣת˼ȴȥ˼ȴôĵӣ
ۼ¶˼ȴԥչһ˲ߣߣ
ߣôף
˫һֱֻ̲磬ܵĽƣҲһǿ࣬˫ֿٽӡӰɲ
£һ³ӰֻҩˣеӰŮΪɲ
ֻҩǵ÷ģǵǹ룬ˮ֣Ļʶ˿̼Ϲ赲ȥ


0310 Կ

ֻ죬Ӱɲ˫˫˳ȥǷ֮ӲȥֵϵѽϹֻۣҩ˷ǵˣûκʹתۼֳϹȥ
׵ʱɷ˫ĿһȻֻܹܵҩϵɷֻҩʲôոƣȻһҲûУЩħûƳĿܸ
ֻҩʱֵסϣһ߹˼ȴѴ򿪽ƣȥ
ӣ
˫Ŀŭһһɽӿȥʱǰֻҩ˸˳ȥ˼ȴֲҲһʧȥƣ÷˳ȥ
ף
׷ϳһ̧жʱ߰˵ף龳Ӳӣתű䣬һɲӿɢͬʱһɹ֮Ҳӿɢ˳ȥ˱𴦡
ùĹ
ܽһ۱Ƴ⹦ڣʱԸŵλϺˣ಻Ҷôָͨһһָƿȥ
ֻҩ˲˹ȴֱָ˳ȥʹҩ˷ǿҲֵܵסϵ
ģ
˼ȴһ˲令˹˫ֽӡ˲һԪ磬Ȼȴ顱һǲֱӱָٴαɳȥǸոҩ˻ȥһָǽ˫˫ɡ
ߣ
˼ȴ溣׹ȥȥ׷ԶȻӼҴ˹ϣˣ
ÿ
˵ոշʲô£һƽ˷ȥ׷˼ȴˡ
ʱѽδȳ׹ȥ棬歷ѾǰӦδ뽻ϣȴ뿪
أ
˼ȴ溻棬Ҫȥ
ȵȡ
歷˻δ˵꣬ѻһâ׹˻ȥص棬Ƽ˼ȴӳҲ׷˳ɲǼʩԪӤһɿµԪӤ֮˲ããؼ䡣
ɫһ䣬ڰӤҲһɲ˸ӦһɰӿκԪӤ򣬡¡һϵԪӤ
˼ȴ溣
£˿ϴʱɫȴɵһ䣬ոǹɹ֮ʲôΪܹԪӤĪ鹦
ȥϸ룬ѴŹ˼ȴȥϻعһ̶ڱصˣһ°գ
䣬ֻ˫΢һӡ˲һףһƲɵ˳ȥ
һ֣ʱеһϣһɲǣҲ벻ˣвȻһȻҲϵ֮ˣȫһ磬ǡ
ߣ
˼ȴһƽǰȥϵʵΣٲߣ˽ӵˣȻתֿһʱ˲ϢǰһƿԪ磬شϡ
ۣ
һѪ˼ȴз󵹷˳ȥһƣȻ
˼ȴ
תÿһĻ˫һţ˲԰нסֻɫɷףѪӿֻһ֣ߡ
Ŷ㽫˼ȴشϵʵΨСֲܹݡ
һ˲˹ס˼ȴʱٴιһΣֻȫϵ磬ϢһɲǿЩͨϵ߿ɱȣ
޷赲˼ȴһͣһ˲䣬оϷתɲǼ䣬Χӿ⸽ĵһ˲ƷˣԶľǱ
ϲǱѰ˲任ʽʱоȫתõһνȫ֣ԲɵĻľһ˲ʧȥ׷׵ή
ǡ
˫Ŀһ鲻ɵ΢΢һ䡣
ֻƣ˫һƣʱ羪κһ㳯ӿȥ
飡
һ·Ӧ˹ȫһߣ˵˲ײһһϵ磬һ¡һΧһ÷飬ͬҲܲסŹ˼ȴȥ
Ȼǲ
˫Ŀ΢ǰ˲һϵ磬Եֵһֻ̣˫۾˸˸Ϲ飬Ȼͬ졣
ʱʩչŲѽоת˼ޣ˿̾ҲֻԵֵסϵĹвеֺȻ
Ҳϵ֮ǰϵʵʵɲ⣬ˣȫر𣬾ͬһ硣
СӣԪˣ
Ȼ䣬˫һ˫ֿٱ任ӡһɲǣǰĲˡ
ţּһ죬жȻһֻ޴ֱ֣ͷץȥҲһɲǣԶȻһӰ˹ɫ΢΢һ䣬ٽһֻ˻ȥ


0311 ٶ
ǺӰ˲ϢͬʱģһǿĻϸܵһͬСɣ˹ֵ顱һǱ˼
ǿĻꡭ
漴վȣͻȻǵӰҹĻ֮¿Уȴܹܵ˷ͬСɣʸʲôˡ
Ӳδػղ׷ʱȥһСӣһŲ˶ãߣ
˲䷴Ӧ˹̴Ź˼ȴȥҪȥ׷ӺȻ˫ֿٽӡü̳һɫĻӡųһƬĹ⣬һ½ϵֵʮ֮⡣
ϵ֮󣬿Ҳԥ˲Ϣ仯һӰȥˣ˵Ӱ̼ʧ˲ãҹĻ¡
żʧķȻ𺳣ո˵Ļǿ˿µĳ̶ȣһЩϢѹָУ˾ʲôˡ
ϣ
ʱ׹ʮڸ˹˫һһӣʮɫ׭Ǽʮͷȥ׷ټ
ǣ
ʮ˫΢һӡʧԭء
˵ӳ׹һ·У˼ȴΣ̣ѪֹɫҲԽԽ԰ף˿׹˴ͷǱȥ붫ȺɽҲ
˼ȴס
ٴעһԪϾ˹أոһ֮ٲʱƣ֮ǡ
һ´Ա߷˹һһɫϢȥ๬ʱֶΣܹ˼ȴݻơ
гǰȻӰĳˣˣĳǰ
Ҳԥ˼ȴ˶ȥгʮ歷ˣһģмŮӡ
δ
δ뿴ȥֻɫɷף˫գһŮӱţѾ˻ԡ
ʱ˯ȥˡ
˵ʱ歷üδΪλһ֮ʵҲ֪뻨δĹϵѵܵĳ̶ȣδҲδ˵ǰÿ֮ʱԷҲǱտڲ̸
ʱ歷ע⵽бŵĹ˼ȴʵˣ

üͷ壬ڲ֪δΣ˼ȴȴֹۣոһƣƣ򲻵֮ǣҾκˣնҲӰ
ȡȿȡ
˼ȴϢ΢ȳһѪߡ˵زˣܿǻ׷ȥ٣Ⱥɽ
歷ŵķһۣҪȻǲܵģƴ󣬷Сһȫһ˲ȫ·ֻǱߣܻȥ
ߣ
歷Ҳԥһ죬̴һʯʯʯܳʮˣٶȵҲ죬ֻǶ·;ңԶٿ죬Ҳʱ䡣
಻ԥ˼ȴһۣ˼ȴס˵գ˫һţݷʯ
»δԲѣ歷˲˼ȴҲشƣڼҲܲõŻĹαصˡ
ŵĵطһЩܿŵ˾ͻ׷µΣνʮֲ
˶ϵʯ֮歷ָӡʯȺɽǱ߷ȥɲǼʧãã֮С
ʯѷɳŵѰΧһ·ããɽҰ֮⣬ƽСׯϴλ¶ׯѻ٣ֻʣ²ԫ档
Ŀأ˹Ŵ壬Щׯ٣Ŵ壬ȴΪ£ϧȴ˭Ҳ֪Ҫȥ
ƻʱٽȺɽǰһɽ룬ȻúϤﲻǵδĵط
һɲǣ˼һ´ʯԵվһĻĻ续һ㣬һһӹļ䣬δɹţ⵽ط̫ͺ׳Ƕ׷ɱ
뵱Ǹʮˣתѹȥôˣɽˮɣ˻ɷ
㿴ʲôˣ
歷˼Ȼ±߳񣬿ʵ
ûС
˻ȥδ뿴ȥ㲣ȻԲѣֻճʶĳвֶ˼ֿɬ
ȡȿȡ
һߣ˼ȴ£ӻһʱȴԻָ
ΨྭƵġŻ¶޸Ż¶ٻʱܵϡ
Բֹ˹ȥ˼ȴɻܳס
ް
˼ȴɫ԰ףҡҡ֣ʱʯȻһӶȻһ̻˻δܡ


0312 
ô¡
歷Ҳ䱸ʮͻȻһǿԶ߶ȴκߵϢ
ʶһ¸Ӧˣ֮ʲôǿ߳ˣǴ֮
ŻʱǴ٣йһλʮ겻ٴλԡ
Сģ
ʯ𵴵ԽԽˣ˹ʯסһλʱ龰Ȼ£ǵ֮ǷֿܵϵΪȣҲһɳ
ʱϴ⣬δ͹˼ȴڶˣܹܵסֻǺ롣
¡¡
һԽԽǿˣ歷˽δ뽻ĳҲһ˲ת𹦷סʯ
֧˽һʱ䣬ˣҹĻᴹʱһƬɽ֮ϣ˵ǶȺɽıԵŵ׷ɱ㲻ôܹҵˡ
δֳ⣬·˿˵ڴ˴ɣӦǰȫ

歷˵˵ͷ̿ʯ滺ȥ
ɽֻصľ죬˵˼ȷһΪ֮أҪ׷ɱӦǲѡ
ҵһɽȣʱһ½⣬ɽӳյóξϴ
Ѱһεɽ氵棬˼ȴˣʱδҲٴˡ
δ롭ˡ
һֱϰ£һǵŵ׷ɱǵĹ˼ȴͻδϵˡ
˼ȴأٻˣȻδڵ֮ȴʵ̫ˣ歷˶ûа취ѹȥֻܲڶⷴɺơ
ӡô
δ΢΢ۣڹ߻ްЩ֣˫üңڶȺɽԵѾȫˣ歷Ҳڡ
歡
δ룬ڸоΣ
ҡ
δ룡
δɫһ±øӲ԰ˣϵĺҲԽԽأɫһ䣬ڶ봿֮ȴһ½ְסˣӡҪҡû¡
˿̵ɫκʱҪ԰ףû£κ歷Ҳ޷׽֮ѹȥֻǿ⡣
㲻ҪҶ
ʱ溽˼ȴʯ£˹ÿ
á
Ϊȹ˼ȴĴ󣬼ָԪڻҪ滨δ뿴ˣЩⲻȥ
˴Լʱ¹⽥սɽʹûδɫȥӲ԰ˡ
ֵӽҹʱڼ仨δ뷴˯ѣԽԽһΣҩȻ˯˹ȥģԷ
ʱִӻγˣȻʵǰβڻ
ҸӦ˴֮쳣
һ߻˵ţһɽȥ
֮쳣
Ƭ̣Ҳ˳ȥ֮ǰʯ𵴣ΪȻһǿ֮ǹ֮ѰǴӶǱ߹ġ
Ȼ䣬һ£֮ǰɱžʱ򣬲ɽ쳣֧쳣ƺԪȥ⾿ô£
ȥӣֻҹĻ紵ݶ϶ɳɳ죬Χ̽Ƭ̣һ˾þó˼
죬ʵǰôˣ
ӳĬֻҡҡͷԶֵɽ壬ĳֳ˼
ãżת֪Ϊʵ֮ǿ
ΪΣ
ȷʵЩɻ󣬷ͬϵԶϵʵȴǿͬһΡ
ΪˣѾ

ϸɻʵΪ
ֶɽ£֮ϵ֮Ҫܽһ컯ӶﵽһʵķԾֻҪδܸǼǴﵽϵҲƽƽӹӹֵһᡣ

һȻˣֲʵֲӼӣСӣãͬ飬ͬĵУ޳ԪӤδ޳ԪӤк𣿡
ر𡣡
ûӿ˵ͷͨϵ
ԭ
ˣֲͬΪϵϵʵȴǿǹǰʦδᵽ
Сӣǲǻʣ֮ʲô
ʲôأЩˡ
ӵ޵УʱҪһܳɹΪߣͬر𣬺ŵ˵ߣһָɱߡ
΢΢һЩʦû˵ʵ֮أ
תȥ֮߰УǸΪͬǰ˰УΪÿһ㾳磬˵Уֻʮ֮꣬ͬף
˵˴תؿǣмһθʧܣΪ˻ǶħΪˣԵ


0313 

̧ͷźҹգߵԣҲ̧ͷǸ߲ɼĺ񷣬˵Ǿϵһǻһ㣬ޱߣҲ׷ϵľ磬󼰵ľ硭
˵˴ֵͷСӣ㿴ʲô
һһ̣Ժֳ︡ģȴǹŴ屻ٵһĻжٵĴׯ
ԶãȻΪ룬ݽ棬ַ˻ŷ
û뵽˵Ļֱڣŷ֣ǰΪλ˿ˣΥΥƫƫȴҪΥ꣬Υʦţ꣬򣬼һ
Сӣ㽫޷ľ磬עֻǻһ㣬Զͻơ
ˣ˳⣬Ϊкλڣ
Сӣ㡭
Ӳɵһ·ֱʶǰ꣬ǰΣ
㡭
ٴһ㶣ٺЦСӣϷƽĵһˣЩ˽ǿܹõϵͻƣ㡭ȻԸȥٺ٣ãҵҪ㽫ȥͻƾϵĳ쾳ֹǰʱֻ᲻ı˿̵뷨
˵ˣֻʦ˵ĻʦδԼἰʦôڲͬҲΪ½Ҫ˳ӦôˣΪٸߣҲԶֻǷ˰ɡ
ᴵ֪˶ãȻһϸϸĽŲתȥˣʵ˼ȴˣŻ¶ƺ𣿡
˫ü΢ͷȥЩԥصǵˣֻǡ
ôˣ
ֹģʲô鷳̧ͷұ߱߸˵
á
£ɽǱ߻ȥãŵŻ¶ֻƳһݣֿܷ˼ȴҲ̶ܵͬȵˣΨоŻ¶ָƣ򡭡
ⲻ𣿻ʲô⣿ü

ͣ˽Ųո滨δҲˣܲãҲҪŻ¶򡭡
Ŵԣһ¾ͳȥôã̧ͷ溣㻹ٵƳڶ𣿡
ҡҡͷĬ˺þãֵֻܾһˣɡ
桭
Щ΢΢һδ룬һǹ˼ȴȴֻܾһˣ
̾ȡһֻƿݵǾŻ¶Ҫ˭ɡ
ں澲˵޳Ҳ⣬˿̡Ҫ˳棿
ľŻ¶ûлشĻʱɽǱߺȻһ죬¹£ֻ˼ȴ֪ʱվ˶ڡ
˼ȴ
΢΢һղ溵ĶԻԷѾˡ
δãôˣ
˹ȥ˼ȴɫ԰ףҡҡ֣һѾŻ¶øδɣҡû¡
˵˴ЦЦҹ˼ȴһͦȥҲûˡȣȿȣ
䣬Ƚȥɡ
溷ɽ˻ȥʣվԭأδڲԶһɽڣҪξ
Сӣȥ𣿡
ʱ̧֣˿еľŻ¶Ǳɽȥˡ
ɽ溮أδ棬歷˲ڶ˿ȻֹɫҲʮֲ԰ס
δ롭
˹ȥĳټĳһżصˣŲסˡ
˵˵ʲô˭ŲסˣԱʱһۡ
ûܶ˳ֱ֣ߵδԣָմͷһɺʱڡ

΢΢һԱ歷˹а취𣿡
ҡ
ָŻ¶ֻһƿøδãô˼ȴ;ȲˣһΣ˼ȴˣΪ˾δˡ
ûа취
ĳɫ˹ʵأҽ𣿸ոҺ񿴼ڵʲôû
˫ü壬ڻ˵Ż¶ֻһƿ
歷΢΢һһ׹ˣֲΪѣԭˣֻܾһ
ǻʲôѽ
ĳŲô࣬˿̼ԥӣϲɵ΢΢һôˣ˹ô㲻㲻ȹ˰ɣ壬Ϊ㣬š
ĳ
歷̵һۣĳ˵ʲôȴԱסˡ


0314 ʴ
δ롭
ʱޱȵḧڻδϣԺһĻĻֳģɱžԼ߹·
켫ٵɽʹȥɽѰһ֥һ·ΪԼѰҩѹɣȥڣΪԼõҶӡ
ڣԼȴʲôҲˡ
δ롭Բ𡣡
Щɬָϣһ취㣬ȥұĺǣҲһҵ취㣬¡ȥ
ֻվԱĳסˣһŷӦʱȭ˹Сӣ˵ʲô㲻𣡡
ĳ鼤ȴٸסˣֻ˫۲Ѫ˿쵰Ϊš㾹Ȼ٣ſңҽҪѵѵ쵰ɣ
ĳұ죡
歷һվĳһۣ䰲󣬲ȥ̾һȥɣλ˵úء
Ǹˡ
Щͳδ뿴һۣ۾ɽȥˡ
ĳ뿪ŭ쵰һ֪ʲôΪĳСӣˣŴδβΣգһжȴ쵰һ
ˣˣٽţ˵ȥ
ſңѵûǻ쵰ҩȴȹ
ùȥôȥ
ڽɿˣĳʱȴйһһƨڵϣָ쵰㱾¶󣬹Ҫи̣ƴҲҪɱˡ
歷򾲾Ŷķ򣬸ոֺγʹ˲ĳҲ٣һҪ˼ѵһ
һɽ˼ȴɫ԰ףʯڶһָƣ˾Ż¶ָܻ
ʱȴѵЦЦлˣΪºķ̫ڲټ
δ˵֪꣬ʱ˶ڣ˼ȴ˿ˣ̣ǰһѣ΢΢ЦһˣδЩ𣿡
Σ
˽˼ȴҡͷЦЦްްֻǴʱоƾͺˣǹɫȣȿȡ
˺ãʱʹһ
ЦЦһ˵ţһ˹ȥ溿֪ԣǶôʹࡣ
һĬĬƿŻ¶תȥһ仰Ҳû˵

ϲɵһԭΪѾŻ¶δˣû뵽
˼ȴҲݸ溵ƿɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҫκƹֵһһ
ûͣ£Ҳû˵ɽȥˡ
쪣µգɽһƬžһ±ǰǧʵʵһнʵ
Լʵ㹻ᵽҲҲɱ˵ףԼʵ㹻ᱣδ룬Լʵ㹻˼ȴˣһнʵ
飡
һȭʯϣʯʱѿ˼Ѻۣʵʵ
飡
飡
һȭһȭϻ±ϣֱ˫۲Ѫ˿Ҳ֪ȥã˽Ų
תȥѲ֪ʱǰ˵ͷԱ߿ȥ˼ȴЩô

˹̧֣߰ѪֶѪˣʲôء
û¡
ɿ֣ԶҹĻֵɽʵͨҽδôˣڵĺ
ҡ
ֹҡҡͷҲ֪Ż¶Ѿù˼ȴˣڻδǱߡֻȻȥɡ
á
ڶ峿˼ȴ¾Ż¶Ѿ𽥺תδԾδѣںҲ޳Աߣտһмż˵ȥȴ˵ʲô
歷˴˽˵뿪ˣһҹҵŵп׷

˵ͷÿһطܴ̫ãױҵٴζȺɽȥʮɽɽ޾ɽһؽһأԵҪȫࡣ
ĺɫʱ˶ȺɽĿԶֻɽӣͷ歷ʯȥ
һɽȣ˰ٺú󣬻δڵĺٴηˣһȴǱʴ£ڱϵĻݲҲһ㺮
䡭䡭
δʶģģǴɽʱһڶ봿֮歷ȴһ½ְסˣҪóȻ
ǡ
Ŵʱδʹӣֻɽ濴ȥأ콫
Ůһɽȥˣʱ溱Ҵ˽滨δ۲һüҪʩƺȻرһ¡
һΣʹҲҪδ뵽ô¡


0315 
㡭𣿡
˫üһǵĻδ뺮ʴ壬Ҳܲһڣݱ¶
溻عͷһۣδ˵歷˵Ǳˡ˵꣬ٺĳȥˡ
ʣһ˻վԭأ溼ߣü㻹ȥ
˵ʲôʲôҲû˵תȥˣҽ˵ãϣ˵ôεúãҽһ¥δ뽻Ӧû⡣
ȥһ±ߣʱ¹ϣ·Ҳ˼ֳ⡣
ԶֵɽʶȺɽʱ򻹱ط̫׳׷ɱһŶԵɺȴҵʧѾõˮŽ
ٺˣȥɽ⼸ħƣ֮С
һеһУƶ˿ȴ续һչһĻһĻӡԺʦɻã
ҹɫֶ˼Ȼ
£Ǵɽ֪֮λصŵģʦ˵ʱԼԪ֮󷨽ǧһ֮ʣʦ漰ʱסԼɢĻǡ
ʦվգ˾ԼͨԼԪģֻ֪ϡǵã·һΣܳܳһûоͷΡ
ã಻ʶ˺һƬ÷︧ٵİŮӵıӰɽһŮŮӣһǣСɽϳ˲ݣһֻ˳èߴߴֻװֵСޡ
һУδȴָеĪʶĪᣬһһظûоͷΣԼԼ˵תᣬ컯
һɲǣһ˫֣һ磬˻ˣȴԾɸеᡣ
һվ½󴵹뵱˾ȵǷһĄ̊́˴һƣδˣһɱܶˣһҲûɱҲǷʲôˡ
̣ȴĿ޷
ǰʯ˳ű߹£һ˿ҲûʱȴȻ˿ӵΪĿĻֻһǾǿ֣֮óʹΪٸߣҲһôһнԳɿգΨг޵Ŀܡ
ǰȥǧ󣬼ٿʱ䣬һ羰
ѵδƿĲͻޣʱҲͲΪ̾ˡ

һЦ˽볤ȵ죬žǿߵһȥȥȻһǣҰɡ
ӴӺ˵ǽĵһ磬Ͳˡ
쳾ңһҲԸһĵʱҲˣǶôġ
תſӵЦЦǰҹƺţûػ𣿡
ûлĻ±ߣֶϵ£˵ܶˣһóֻΪߵˡ
˵˴תͷ˵ģѾͷˣ
ˣôЩ˺ˣǾһҲˡ
Ҳתͷ˵ʱȻŵЦݣЦµȴһŵĺ⣬·һ䣬̲ס

ڶ峿ɽ棬ڵȵ溴ĳȲȥżʵȥ𣿡
û˵ֱȥĳĬżˣں溰ι㵹˵ҪȻԼȥˣ
ȻߵǰĬӣҲ΢΢üΣȥ𣿡
˵ͷһŵʱȥˣǡ

ֹЩԥģüʱ歷Ҳ˹ʲôѣֱ˵ҵڴˣЭ취
˿˵Ҫһ
Ҫһ
ٺĳһۣҪȹҪʲôĪʲôĵر
ü΢ӣʲôѰĵرǼѰ֮ʵ溣˵Ҫʲô


0316 ֮
溳Ĭãڻ˵˳˵УϹϢĵطпԻɣʱһϣʢһƻĻԻɣ֮Ψдܡ
˵ʲô
ѻ˵꣬ٺĳ˱㾪˳Ҫȹ⴫˵еĶ
ϸʱѾʧˣǷɣͬزһֻ񻰵УУҪȥѰ
һ̣ɫҲˣͷзɣʮԡںڳݱˮУдľվ֦һվ֦ȵȣע
Ȼ̧ͷЩŵؿ溣Ǵﲻɣ
Ϊɣ֮УѰʱӹżпɣ֮֮ܣΪʲôҪܾδ룿ѵδ롭
뵽˴и͵һһ˲ɽȥɽ棬ֻδϣ˫գؿ΢Ѿȫ˳˯
δ롭δ룡
ɫ󾪣ȻУҲвˣҪʶȥ̽˿̵ȴʶҲǱʲôһ޷̽쵽һһΡ
˽תͷȥΪʲô
û˵ĳ˿ٳ˽δ˿ʱ˶ʱŵѪɫһĻǶϤˣ꣬ȥ꣬һֱ˯šɾΪΣҲ֪
δ롭
歷Ҳ˽δ˿ΣϾɫһ溿ȥ
ǳĬŲɽҲ˵˶ŵؿŻδ룬ϣܹһüǰ߽ҲãֻǾ˯·ҲѲһ
ã溲߹歷˿ȥ歷ˣǣʱرһ¡
歷֪лҪҲٶʣٺĳȥˡ
û溲ǰһ˵ʲôȴֲ֪οڡ
˵ɣô£δ벻Ե޹˯

ü۵ֻΪˣֻǺСһԭԭǣǡ
ʲô
һ±δ˯ȴ˴ˣʲô
ۿںȣһң˵еΪλ䣬㻹ǵ𣿡
ϸϸ룬дȷʵʹ£ֻʱû˵δ룬ʱҲֻᵽһ¶ѣδ⣬溴˷ᣬΪΣ
溿㻹ǵãʱҸ˵ʲô𣿡
ʱ˵
ϸ䣬ȴ벻ʱ˵ʲôˣ溿һۣδ뿴ȥյĸ֣֮塣
֮壿
ôһѣһˣʱȷʵᵽʲô֮塣
û
溵˵ͷǵʦҽģ֮֮һɵκκҲκκ޷ڵ֮ȴġ
˼δ룬֮壿
Щţδ֮壿ѵԼ֪Ϊδÿ˵ԼֻЩ䣬˾ûˡ
˵ͷӦǲдˣ֮壬һѳʮ꣬ڣȴһ޷Գ۵ǿڡ

һɲǣڳˣǱݺݴһ£δǿںǡ
һţ£һιֲԼû
ڶΡڶڣ֪⶯ãȴΪԼõҶӣȥ޸ѺΪֲʱǿ
Σαǰ壬Ϊֵˡ
ԭˣԭˡζΪԼΰһȴʲô֪
һֻ̣˫Щ죬˯Ļδ룬ҡͷΪʲôҪôɵΪʲô
Ԫʣˡ
˵ʲô
͵һתͷ溿˵ԪѾ쾡ˡ
ԪôᣬôŴ껪ܾô
ɫɷףЩȻ뵽ʲôһ½ַţ溼״ɫ䣬һ˲ֹֽסˣʲô
ҶӡԼģھó
ˣ
溵һۣ濴˿תͷѹҶѾںϣڴʱó˲䷴ɣûˣ

ע٣ɣԡɽⶫзɣʮԡںڳݱˮУдľվ֦һվ֦


0317 ǰ
溿ּңԪҶ̺֮֮ͬԪÿ˶ԼԪԪʱǧħҲӲ֮֡𣿡
ã侲ֲӻͻȻԼһ£ĪҲô
ڡӦΣ
Ҫɣ֮ɣ֮֮ܣҿôܽһֱ˯ȥ
ɣ֮
ۣɣֻ֮ڴ˵Уԭ䣬дô
溵ҿ԰غȣྭһ֮Ȼѷɣ֮ǡҪѰҷɣ֮Ҫܳʱ䣬꣬꣬ʮꡭҲδҵõҪ׼
Ψд˷𣿡
ü΢ҡҡͷеڶַַҲᣬȥֻӡǣ⣬Ǳ֮ҲϨȻ𣬵ʶȫޣʱʲôҲûãΨһ֮ѹȵٴ֮ʱѲ׺ɣҲǧ󡭡

˿̣ɽ棬ĳһȥɽǱһۣͷС˵溿ûˣҪȻۻ취Ѷȥ߶°ɡ
С
ҡҡͷ˵ѾԹˣκѶжˣ֪ΪʲôͨͻȻǳ׷һǹҲδػܹˣ̸ǡ
ô
ĳһֳɽǱȥ޷Ѷȥλºʹ˾Ҳ޷˼磬ȫϣ񲻶ˡ
һ溺ɽ˳歷ǰɫЩţΣ
Զһɽ˼ȴҲ˹ŵĿˣãŵҪȥѰҷɣ֮
Ŵԣ歷һҲڳȥջǱֻȥѰ⴫˵е֮ôʵ֪ɣ𣿡
û˵תңԶĶȥ˵ճĵط
֮˶ĬˣչżأɣճĵطҲǴ˵ġDȡҪԽããѰ
ж봩ԽȥѰããɽȻղ޹㸹ˣ
ҪԽ⡭δҲ̫ˡ˼ȴЩɻ
ǶߵããɽҪԽȺɽǺˣҪٴΣҪȥһԡ
п丸գδԨΪδ룬㾡ȫҲҪҵǕDڡ
˼ѾҲ뿪˴ɣ顣
̣ҹĻʱ˶Ⱥɽ
ɫԵһɽ£ĵطֻɽأԲͷɽ쪣½졣
歷ǱߣѾˣȴ˴η粨ȥ󣬻δҴغȡ
ֻɽû˵ҹĻһƬ޾ӵɽòתһҲ֪ʱܻڴ֮ǰδ롭ͽˡ
ġ
Ҳ֪ΪΣ֪֣Ȼ뿪Ԫ򣬵ȴ˴η粨ƽϢٻþ޷ͬʱҲϣʱ㹻ʵ밵в˶Կˡ
תȥǰɽĬ
֪һֻԼʵԴƣһγʹҲҪͻԼڵΪʹҲǴڱһԼҲв̸ֺȥԿš
һ
ʱɽִһӵתȥǹ˼ȴŸľˣüδãֳˣ
޷
˼ȴҡͷһЦȥ𣿡
һԶããҹĻδֱӻشĻǵһգѣֻĳܹ˼ȴֵΣ
˼ȴȻ֮⣬һЦˣұ߱ĺǣҲҪȥѰ»ʱѲ׺ɣ
عͷһЦĪġ
˰ˣǵҺȾưա
˼ȴЦЦֿŶߵҹĻֻʱɽ˵Ԫŵޱ޾ڶһߣǹ϶صĶ磬˵ԪۿʢҲֻʷǹϵĶ
˵˴תͷһҪСһЩǿߣҲ࣬ʵҲɣ֮


0318 ٶ
ҹɫֳ֪˼֣ûлش˼ȴĻֻǾŶҹգȥã溺͹˼ȴȥˣʣһ˻վ±ߡ
Сӡ
Ӳ֪ʱǰҹȰһͷ򲻱ؿˡ
ֻ㣬ԶԪпᣬҵɣ֮δػôס
Ҫȥһԡ
תʵǰ˵˵Ǳߵ磬Ρ
䣬ʲô֪һԶֵɽڹϵĶ򣬴Сһ𣬷ֱǡؼ켶
ÿ򣬶Ųͬǿߣôʵ
û
ӿһۣڷһĽᵤҲǺˣ޳ԪӤˣҪôԼɻ߹Ҫô취ȥ˵ؼ켶ûϵΪҪȥ켶򣬼ܣȥҲ
˵˴ͣһҪ֪ߣǲؼģؼߣͬȥ켶򡣾֪ǧСؼŽٸԴ켶ҼǵûִģֻĸŹ
˵֮˳˼ӶȷʵԪ߻Ҫӣ򻮷֪ǸʵΪĵطԽʵΪĵطԽǳɱͲпᡣ
Сӣ𣿵ǹ϶ȥľȥģȥȥؼм鷳
ˡ
ƬҹĻֵĶʣҪȥһԣûҵɣ֮ȴδҲδķ

ҲƬȥȴһ̾Ϣ޹̾ʵǰΪ̾
˫ָ󣬻˵ʱͦĽСӵģҪȥ˵߾ߣߵغʱѾˡ
ǰγԣ
ЦЦң뵱꣬Ҷɽʧܣ˶٣ڽ񳯣δ١˰ˣҲա
˵˴ɬһЦתͷСӣãܹʱҡȴˡ
ڱһĪеĴ׷ɱδҲ˯ѣ˵ã

ҡҡͷûҵ˼˵һǰδеĴʱѾˣ㣬ǡǡʱʥѳΪȥ˼ǵãŸոտʼδ޿ܣһ۷ʱʱΪǶ
˵˴һ̧ͷīɫգĪһҲû֣ѱȴǰ𣿡
ĬȻ뵱Ҫ鶼ѣǿƺȷʵ࣬Īǿӿ۷ʱҪ
˿̣ȴδһ£˥ʢʢ˥ʱﵽԻ֮ʱ᲻ҲϸʱһǷһɲҫ۵ĹâȻ֮𣬻Ϊ
Сӣúðʱȡǰ˶޷ƵǸ磬ʱᷢС˿νǿҲʱ
ģһ̷·һǰĳĶ˵š
ҲǰЩһ˵δˣһ⿪ǰϵġ
ЦһСеġ
뵱ɱž˫˴˽䱸ӸǰģȽ⿪ģǵɱСɣ񣬱˴ȴ֮ˡ
ֻǻһǰĳˣʲôˣ
ܵ˵Ǵζɽ٣мϮʼվãĳ˾ֹЩô򵥡
ٴοɬһЦһȴûлشֻҪǰˣҹ׼һ°ɡ
Ը˵ҲˣʵݣֹʲôνĻʥ˼򵥣ֶǼٵġ

һصɽһֱŻδ뵽ÿÿֻҪһ뵽ⶫٳ꣬ԼһһšɽҰܣţͻ᲻ԾЦЦЦţֻ۾ȴֲ֪Ϊκˡ
δ룬һܿ졭
΢Žڻȥˣɽ棬溵˼һ̣
һ歷˲ǰһʵ㡭ڶ𣿡

˵ͷֻعͷɽ濴һۣ˵ǾСһЩŵˣɽѰ
ģԼҪСġ歷˿˵
ңˡ
ٴ˿һۣԥɽȺɽȥˡ
˿ʧƼʵӰ꣬Ҳ֪˴ܷҵǴ˵ķɣ֮Ҳ֪ʱܹ

Ⱥɽ޾ɽż޺;ȳûһ·УʹˣҲʮʱ䣬ŴԽƬ޾ɽ
һգٽվɽϼĿԶѾܹңңǲӿĺ档
ʯԹ۲׺
ãã޼ʵĴ󺣣˿̵ĳҲ纣ˮһƽʱԣһɫʯԼĪߣ֪ڴ˶꣬亣ȣҲʼտȻ
תʯ֪ΪΣĪеׯϣᴥ֮ʱһɱ֮Уʱ߱ȫѨ
һɲǣҲ·һǰδе·˲仯ʯͷڴǧ̶꣬Ƭ̣ǿķ˥䡣
⡭
ȻһѸٽ˻ոǸоʲô


0319 ⾳
еʮֲ˼飬Χɫʯת˺üȦȻʯͷʼվһ㡣
Ǹոһɲĸоδй·һ˲䣬һʯͷǧ꣬ķįָоʲô
ٴСַʯͷʱȴҲ֮ܲˣֻô̶̵һɲǣָоʧˡ
ʯͷйŹ֣
ɫ΢΢ʯͷϣһʶ̽룬Ȼʶ鿴һͨͨʯͷֻʼӲʶ겻
ɽʶ̽ˣֻǶһͨͨɽʲôҲûС
֡ˣ
Ҳ벻ףոĸоʱҲδΪδһͨʯͷϣĸо
ԡԣ
һɲǣ뵽ʲôʯͷֻͨͨһʯͷǸղһɲǣȴԼӶľ˱仯
ʯͷأǧ겻ƹԼոֻվԣᣬǧ䷱įʼﲻƹ
ΪԼһľĪǿ֮ǰԵġһ⾳
ԡ
ΪΣ
ӦתΪҪִȥʲôʯͷһǨȴʼղȴ䷱į
һɲǣ·һߵ⾳ʲôҲʲô׷Ǹߵһ⾳֮
𡭡
һ̣һ绮Ҳԥһŵĸϥ£˫ۣʹԼһֲŵĿȥⲻ⾳
һʱȥˣʱȥˣʱ۾һɲǣֻξ̶죬̥һǴ˿̻˹ɵĶҲһɳȻѷĸо
ԭˡ
һЦվԶƽĺ棬ĸ֪Ҳ࣬ʶֻ̽ʮڣ裬ܹʶ֮̽⡣
һȥ⾳ˡ
ĸǵо⣬Ҳͬһ⾳
ڣѾԼ⾳ⲻ⾳ֻڣǳȻҪһȥȥ
ҪԼոոĲ⾳һ㲻աҲĻﵽһ֮
ˣ޲龫ǣϧһеҪ⾳գȻֻһ麣ߵʯͷȴ˸һ⾳ž컯ɡ
˿̣ߵʯȥᴥ棺벻ĳվ㣬˲⾳ĳﵽǸ磬һٻġ
˵գջƣֵԵ磬ұȡʯɣӴˣһѣҲһѡ
˵ָֻһҪʯͷϿϡʯ֣ȴֺȻͣʯͷڶǧ겻ģΪҪԼģ
뵽˴ȻһЦֽ˻
һ촵Զһߡδ룬һ
ɽ֮һСٶԲΪߵ½أʵҲǸСֻԪķȴ࣬ʤ紾ӣĶթ
һ·ţ˲࣬Ҳ壬඼æԼҵơ
Ϊһոµ⾳˿Щ˵Ҳһᣬң뵱壬ҲôȴԼ̤;һжûˡ
뵽壬뵽ֶһˣԴ֮¹ÿÿҲμԼÿÿ붬֯£ÿÿţôѣӦСЩɡ

۽紵ЩˣǿС紾ӣƣֻǿЩͯΧԼ״תеıˣȴһһӡ
ƽȥͰǰУҪȻҪһҴ󴬣СĶϷ
Ƭ̺˴ͷϰǸʵˣŻˣǰӭλС磬Ҫ˴ȥô
ͷһָۣһʵĴ󴬣ҪҴӣ
ϰһҪ򴬣ּףʱһλС磬㲻ҪɣʹãӺǳ֮ˣûһģƼǰЩĴû˷ˡ
һۣ⴬ң˵ⶫػʲô
⡭
ϰ屻˵һͣǺϿȥʶ࣬Ҳ˺һɹǲʲô䣬һԶ
ע


0320 
⡭⡭
ϰüЩΪѣ˵С磬ˣ˽ҿɲ˵ЦϲƽǱǲ㣬Ҳ̫Զǲң㿴
ߵĳܿ콫ͷϱߵľ˹˶ڶһָָ㣬Сʲô
ڶĴ˵̫࣬˵ںϼҲ˵ںϿֵɽ˵ںˣ˿УֱӴȥɽ硣
֮ЩĴ˵Ϊ˲˳ѰɵɣŲ˳ȻʵҪô޹Ҫô󺣣ȴ˼ˡ
ʱȺ۷׷ףһĵߵˣ껪ĪҪȥˣ⺣ʲôˣǿȥɣǺ̫Σˡ
ǰ⺣ʲôˣһӣҲûʲôˣҪŴ˵ȫΪأǿȥɡ
Ⱥﲻ˶ںȰˣЦЦ޷ң㽫ҴҰɡ˵գȡ˼ӣЩ֮֮ȻãҲʱţԱ㲻ʱ֮衣
⡭
ϰƼеϸΪˣ⡭С磬̰ͼǮƣֻһҪʲô£⡭Ҳȥ
紾ӣЦ޷ϰ䣬ʶЩˮԣ뵣ǡ
ϰִҪҲûˣƵȥǴϿιһЩ˵꣬⼸ƵȥϱߣλС׼ˮ͸
лҡ
һЦ֮ҪҴָҴܴԽããǶޱ޾ƾδɳʮ֮һ·̣Ԫݽںˡ
ҪһҴƽУȷƽ˾֮ʱٽǬϣЪϢָԪ֮á
ŵʱƲŽҴˣӺ漴ȥ˴ϡ
˿ŴԶȥһ̶۷׷ףҲвҡͷ̾⺣ףҪһʬˡ
ϰҲŴʧĺ棬̾һԼƵȥɡ
ƻʱһ·ƽ˾ҲԶ˺С򣬴˿ڴڸ·Ҫٺúòһ¸⾳
һֱҹһ𣬽ƬӳòԣҲ֪˶ã
˿֮УмҲ⾳ΪŲĻڣֻǴڵһ㡣
Ȼǳд͵һ㣬⾳ҲʶǱ֮ǰ࣬ʽǰҪԪٰľʩչڣѾܹƾʩչʽ
Ҫ֪սԵ֮ʱΪһľ֣ôܶʱʤһ˲֮䣬˭ʩչɱУԷδܶ㿪ôʤͻˡ
ҪǣĶս飬ֻͨУٶ̫ô־㹻ʱӦԣʶ֮ˣԷܹһ˲䶴Ϥ֮ǰеʽ·Դˡ
ڣԼ⾳ͨϵĲƾУٶ֮죬ʽ֮ͨԪĬľܱȡ
˿̣ĻԾɢȥǰһΪ¿ʼ˱ܹʹ⾳ﵽΪǴ˿ڴ󺣣ҪȥѰҷɣ֮ðա
ȥһ£ϵʵ͸ʱ䣬Уҹˣֽųȥ⾳ոһգҲ֪ߵˡ
һһڴڶ㲻⾳֮ǰ⾳ôʱ򣬾һ
ȻһУڤڤжڴ֮ǰ࣬˥䣬˴Ϻܴһʯͷ򵽲⾳أ
˿ɫްƻۣĴŴϣ֪ȥãһԽԽҲε
һɲǣ۾ȥװϣʱһȷʹôҡεøӾˡ
̽ԶȥֻкȻ죬һһβӿ
ô£
ۼǲԽԽӿ΢΢üʶ˲̽ʮ֮⣬Ҳ̽ȥȴʲôһԼԼȴҲԴ
Ȼӿ
˳ԽԽͣҴܲס̽䣬һ˲ɽķȥˡ


0321 ǧħӰ
һ·гʮֻϰ죬طγһ޴Уףȥֲֹ졣
ʶ࣬һ֮̽£ʱ̽˺һ쳣ڶ
֡
Щ벻ף⺣γɱžǶ磬ϷÿطӦöȶĲŶԣΪȴԪȥ
Ϊʹʶ潵һ㣬һȥʱȻѾУκο˻뺣ס
ҿ̫⾳࣬žη֮˵ǧеľ֣ҲС
ʱȻָеһȴǺ׵ǴеһǺɫʯ͸ģ
ǹŹʯ̡
ϲһٽʯ˳ֻʯϣһ̾Ȼų˵Ĺ⣬͸һ޾ĹϢ
ʯ̣ϴȥɱžƬɳĮɳĮɵصһϹżֵġ
ʱλȥľǿߣλǿǰһ̱Źʯ̡
֪ܵʯ̾ʲôܹһʱλǿ֮ʲôһĶ
ɷɷɷ
Ȼ䣬ʯ͸һɿֲϢɲǼƬ·ϴɳĮص׵ϹżһһɿϢǴʩֻأŤתǬ֮
ɲǼ䣬ƬӿֱǧɸߣǺ׵һ˲䣬Ҳʯ͸Ϣ˸ӦԭԪǱ߷ʱͻȻ˹
⡭
ɫһ䣬ɽҪϷȥȻǺ׵İѾӿ˿̾ǱסˣȵķɽҲòܿƣʱѡ
һɲǣɫ䣬˰֮ײ˲ҪҷԪӲ
ǧһ֮ʣеʯ̣Ȼɫ⣬һɹϢɲǼ͸˰ʮһ˲סˣ
ô¡
δһ˲䣬ȴǿؾ䣬ããȻһҫ۵ĹâһЩֲЩӰӣͻȻǰ
ֻԭҹĻգȻ˻ƻ裬һ޼ʵĺȴ˺½ӵĵط˳½أؿʼݣɽǳȻ޹⡣
ֲǣкȻµĴڣɴħˣϹһɲǣȻȫߡ
⡭⡭
һ̣ѾȫǰֲסˣЩʲôѵȫһʱڵǿߣΪʲôǰ
µǣЩħȥǻ󣬶ʵһϢ˿̶ܹ֪·ЩħһϢܹ˲ҷ˽ǰѹȡ
ʯ̣
Ȼѹĺɫʯֻ̣ʯ̺ȻħҲȻһǿϢһҪһӿɢ˿
ֻؼȻûһƬɽӱ飬½λǳѽȫȻһƬĩľ
ϸʱʱ򡭡
ޱȣһ뵽ʲôǰһĻѵϸʱʱʹǧħҲδӹһ𣬵ǵǣȥ
Źֵʯֻ̣ʯ𶯵ԽԽˣɫҲԽԽǿַҲʯ̲𶶣ǿҪһ
ѾղסˣʯʱַɳܷſʯضϸʱܣŪ
Ȼڣòסˣ̫ǿܿƣһɲȻ뵽ʲôһ´ȡ˵ʦѪ
ѪʯмİһѪųһ⣬ʯֹͣ𶯣ϵħ𣬾ȻҲһ˲ʧˣĩľҲ֮ʧһ˲ָƽ
ֻߣһ»𣬽Ƭӳյòԡ
긦亹乣ոһУ·ʵһЩħ𣬸ͬʵڵһϢܵõ
Ǵ˿̣ȴƽʲôҲû׵ǹ쳣ҲȻʧˡ
ô¡
еʯ̺Ѫȥڶ·ͨͨС
Ҳ벻ףʦԼѪ񣬾ʲôΪܹסŹʯ̣סǧħһ


0322 
ܹסǧħ𡭡
һͷԺ𣬱Ҳ޷Ϩ𣬴˿ϸʯ̺ѪȻҲһ˿
ǸղħӰֵνͣ˵ֻǰɷħӰϢȴΪʵ
Źֵʯ澿ʲôܹħӰܹϸʱλǿᡭ
ʦԼѪȴסʯ̣סǧħѪ־ʲô
һŵԻӣȴʼԽ⿪ֻǵղħһĻ𺳡
һΪԼ򵽲⾳ϲȴδԭϣֹǿߣԼڣʲôЩǿһϢԼҷʵʵ
һ̣Ų׺£һµǰδҪﵽʲôΪ磬ڸոһ˲䣬ħǿΧԼߣȻԼС׺һڡ
һ̣Ȼȥ̽Ѱǿ֮ܰŽħһǿ֮
ãƽʯ̺ѪУٴƬѾƽĴ󺣡
ʯ̺ѪĿǰ²͸ǹ֮ǰǹԶ϶ǴӶй©ģ֪ģԪȥ֮ǰɱž⣬ƺҲԪķȥŵɽӲѺۡ
ֵô£
΢΢üҲܲôֻ࣬ܵҵ½˵
ʱ䲻ֹ֪ȥһ£ǾҶ׷ɣ⺣ʼÿ糣ʲô仯
һչ磬װϣӭ溣ˬں϶ȹʱ䣬ֻѾһȦӡ
ˡ
ÿһ죬ӣ֪͹ȥ£溺歷ǣӦѾ˰ɣҲ֪δʱˡ
Ȼޱ޼ʵãã󺣣вһƳѾȥ£ȴδ½Ӱӣ֪⴬Ҫʻ£ȥ硣
ѵҪҲ꣬꣬ʮ꣬һӣԼܰѷɣ֮ȥ𣿵ʱѾıˡ
УҪӿٶȣ
˼ˣֻһԾ˺ϣŴһʱ棬ټɽС
Ȼ죬ÿÿ̫ºƽʱȴԾԭһΧʼһƬãã򣬲½أһ
ֹһ£ʱҲЩˣÿ󶼻վڼװԶȻȴʼղ½ء
ѵ޷Խô
ţٴνǰУֹʱ䣬һպϺȻ˴ѩʹǰб࣬ںˮʴ£żҲƾࡣ
ʱڳ¡ڣȴԾɲ½ǿÿ̫ճӶˡ
ʱѾȥ£°͵ĺӣȥǸķһʱ䣬Ҳüκ쳣ӿϵδƺͷɣ֮Ҳûᡣ
ʱգÿǰк͸⾳Ͼ֮࣬ڴ︧٣ǲмȣżҲ뵽壬ʦͣǧ
Щ£һƮں棬š
ջҹ٣ϴɱž֮ºȻɻյý⣬ҹҲ˳˯δ
ʱֹȥһ£ϵůˣѩһգԾڴﵯ٣ƺҲ˲٣δʱһζ٣ȴ֪˭ʤ˭ˡ
ζʱȻһ㺣˴˴ϣô΢΢һΣδ⣬Ծɼ٣ȻǺȴԽԽʹôסҡ
ڣǲһ˿ԣֹ̰ʶɨ˳ȥȻʶ̽ʮ֮ʱȴǺȻʲô裬Ҳ޷ǰ̽ˡ
һ̣ɫʱûʲôܹ赲ʶǰ߾ʲô
ٲԥ̽ȥװϣֻǰ죬˷籩ˮγϣ˽Ϊˮ˿̣ȴܵһ쳣ǿ֮ǰĺ
ǰ˳ԽԽͣһ̣óȻУҲٽʶ̽ȥΪ֪ǰʲôʱֻסʩԹ˷ˣǰȥ


0323 Ͼ
ԼĪʻ߰ǺԽԽͣƲסˣҲһŰܹܵõǹĿֲղûУһ֮У˲㱻˺÷ˣ
ֻǧ߾һһܿ죬ұߴ˸󶴣ѾʼˮŬŴǰȥͼˡ
ȻԽǰǹԽͣȻһ˴ֱӽҴ˰УȻһԾȥһ¡һҴ÷顣
ͨ
һ죬˺ˮһɱʱڣֻǺ涸ȻǧɾˣΪȻҲסĳһ±о˺֮°ɡ
֮һƬްȻǹȴȻδ˿֮Уֻסȥˮȴ棬ȻͨʱҲʩչó
ȴҪ뺣һ㡣
ģȻδһɰֳ˹һɰϵһںٶȴǼ֮졣
ۼǰ޷ʩչ˲Ǭֻƴȫ˲תȫԪ˫㣬һţˮеʱ֮һ㣬Ǻȥ
͡һˮɢ˴ӺˮȻǰҲһֲŰƬ򶼷
긦δ巽˹һΣøΪͣҪƬƷһ
˼һ˲չɲ㿪ЩĳײȻɳʮǰȴһʮǿֻˮڲݣֱǧˣֱӳȥĻԳܵס
һ̣ͣһԤУ½ǰԶˣΪλ˹
ϸ룬㺣ХŷӿһۣȻüޣݿǣֻһ˲佫ټ˳ҹҹ֪˯ܲôţҲˣĪ֡
˵գֱֻ٣ָһܵҹξٲ⶯ãʱѱֻܳԷٵܷ忪ǰǵϡ
һٺȻųһҫ۵Ĺâӳһ㣬һһƥʱɨֱ±ߵĺˮҲƵӿȥ
һηٵϴɵʱǿҲ㹻ǰǵ忪һѺˡ
¡
֮ײǰ棬ʱú淭ڲݣʱһ˲չɲ˹ȥ
ȻײѺ֮󣬾Ȼʼ飬ʧ⣬淭ڵøˣհѷջ䣬δվΣֱһ˴˺С
һΣǺİӿǱͿ£ҲƲסˣʱ֮£ʱҪ˺һ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãǰȥ֮ʱֻеθһ󷭽ۡһȵĺˮȫ˳
ƽҲȻо˰ߣ̧ͷʱֻǰһ޼ʵ½أɽһؽһأ಻ϡ
Ƕ½
һղźһĻʱĸоٻعͷȥʱǺѾƽҲˣǰǹɹҲʧˡ
վ˹ɢϵĺˮǰ˰ֻǰɽ滨ݣһЩҲδĹӣϵģ֦
ϸϸںѾȹ˰곤ʱ䣬ѵѾ½ˣڶˣ
ʶǰ̽˳ȥȷ⸽֮󣬲Ъ˿ոպǾһĻʱ£ոʲô˿£зٳ忪ǵҪˡ
ԡ
ֺȻ뵽ʲôոǹ᲻˲µʲô󷨣֮ǰ˵ⶫ缫أǿԼԪǱ߹˲˰ɣ
ֲĸоȻ뵽Ǵںϣʯ͸һɼǿϢϢǵǿ͸Զʿ˲һϢⲻɡ
ʯ̾ʲôܱ˷ֻ֣Լ鷳о鷳
뵽˴ԥȥϢɽȥֱֲȷԼǷѾһЩظ˸ϣЩΪ黯ˣʶ̽ǧ֮⣬취ߡ


0324 ½֮
Ѳ֪ɽӣԶʱĺߣڣȴ֪Լںεء
һ·üׯСȻϻǴׯѿһˣеĴׯСƲ֪ʲô١
֮⣬⼸ʱɽҲżҵ𵴣δΪܹоԼԼһɼǿ͸ȴ֪ʲô
һʱһׯǰһѲӰͣϸ۲졣Ѫκδ򶷺ۼֵֻŲѺۣǰøվһξҵĵ𣬵ǷȴãӦǱʲô
֡
Զ﾿ʲôط˵ŴССңĸׯС򶼲ˣĪ֮ˣֽ£ʹȥˣ
վһǰߣʱһɽʱǰ춯ԼԼԪӤߵϢ
ɫһܵȥϢһ˲һɽ棬ʶ̽ʮ֮⣬ֻɽﳾȴмʮƴ˹
ʮϢǿӦǸո龳ֻаңʮ˺棬ȴǿԪӤϢ˲Ϣ׷
Ϊʹ֮ʿȴѹõ
ֻ׷һ˲׷װһ£½Ͻһı־ǰǼʮ˼׷һڲˣɫɷף
һӲλǰǣǲûѹûҪѹֻǡֻǡ
֧֧˵ˣһ߲ٶԣһУǼʮ˵ʱмŵʮŲȵƮ˳ÿһ涼͸һɼǿ
Щλʹóȥˣʮ˸һɫߵɫȴǸӱˣ˽ʹ˶Դ˵ѹ
һȣֱӽʮŵ̱ڵأɫҲҳˣߵ˵ͷõúܣȽǴȥ˵
䣬ֻұһ̧ʱһϹֳɲǼ㽫⼸ʮϸԪӤ档
ʵܹˣ
ұ߸Ӧһ£˵ʮˡ
ʮˡָһ£üԣӦʮˣôһˣ
һˣ
ұٴԪӤӦһ£˵ֻʮˡ
һˡ
ɫһ䣬˲㽫ʶ̽˳ȥͬʱɽ棬һվ棬ǰȴ֪ʱһˣֵؿ
һӣģȥֻжʮ߰ˣؿڣѪָ˳Ӧ֮ǰ˽ˡ
ߵʶѾ̽һ̧˲һʶϡ
ãֻߵ⸽Ѿûˣ߰ɡ

ߺãӲŻعǰеӰæлʿȣ
Ӷ˳ȥӼܵȥʱſԷģԭһȥԼЩˡ
ʲôطʵ

һ˫۾Ҳ˵ʹֹСʵʿ㲻ʹˣ
ҽ޳
ԭ޳֣л޳ַųȡ
ӵ˵ͷʱ˿ȻЩδǰˣոܹ˲һλԪӤߵʶϵĵаɣ
Ϊζӣ˵ѹô£
ǰ˾ӣڻʵڳİ֮أһжϤҪ˽һߵ
Ӽô鶼֪Ӷ϶ʹˣһǴӺԶĵطˡ
㻰βش𣿡
ǣǡ
Żعʵ˵ǲûѹֻʹ֪ΪΣҺȻɢǹҪȥѺֿۣµѺۣˣǱǺľΪҲûá
˵ã߰˷֣ʹǷһңʲô⣬ʼɢй©ȥ£ʱɽѣҶӶ½ʧ
ν̣Ƕ½һҵߴڣƽʵҲҪ֣ΪŹ̵Ĵڣʹڶ½һ̸ôܿҲˣÿԼĹ̡
ˣʹɢ̲κһʱ뿪ңȫҪѺۣ㱻Ϊѹץȥ³žֱͶѺ۵У޸Ѻۣν൱̡
ʹѾ˴϶޴Ҫ뿪


0325 ɢ
ߵ棬쪵ɽȣ˳˼ʹΪλͻȻй©ɢǷ뼸ǰں쳣йأ
Ȼ䣬֮ǰɱžҲӲѺۣδǿ޸ġ
Ѻۣʹֱֵһᣬ׺һڣʹɢɽѣҲҶ𣬴ӴԶʧڶ½İͼС
ʹĵҪ뿪֮ǰߵʱ򣬿Ӿ͸߹½ԪԪ߿ߣȥľȥģڶ½ȴС
㲻ɢĹؼʱڣһҵҲǾȥģҪȥȡñ̵ͬ⣬õһ뿪ҲޣҪڹ涨ʱڻص
ȻڷĹңôҲֻȥңҪȥؼǲܵģһ飬½ѹʮܡ
ĳ̵ʹߣͨߣɵͼȥ߼򣬵ȻΪۡ
ˣԲǧټƵҪȥؼΪԵؼ̫ϡеһҲ޷޳ԪӤԲȥؼ򣬼Ȼͨ;ȥǾͻԱķա
ڷÿ궼ͼȥؼȻʧˣǲͻع֣֮ˡ
ڣʹ¶ɢ֮ʣ̿ʼķҲٳȥˡ
һ̣ɵüҪ뿪ʹ
ǿĻǲܵģﲻԪ򣬲ȥĶû˹ܣӳʹȥĹҲ鷳ѹǻᱻؽġ
ϲ޷󣬼Ҳɲȥᱻ̸
ȻֻССһĹңʹĹͬһʵӵλϵĸ֣ĸ֡
û뵽½˴鷳ĵģǻᱻʹץסʹй©ձȻʧ⣬ʱһж֮»Ϊޣʱ˭ӵù
մӺϼһɲپ֮ˣǵ֮˵ЩϵϹ֮ǰҲϣһ

ǰӺȻһƺߣƼؿѪֹɫҲʮֲ԰ף֮ǰ˲ˡ
Ҳ룬ȡһҩһС
İٻߵʱ歷˸ģ֮ǰ˼ȴһöʣöȫ
ٻֺü֣ʮЩÿõģΪ֮õİٻż׶ˣ歷˸İٻʥҩʮѵá
֪һ·ȻΣأÿһöٻܾһǰ˶ãԥ˶ԷһöٻһƿȬΪ׸жȡΡ
˿̣ӽҩŵ巺һ㵭׹⣬ֻаУܿöҩٲԥһ˽ȥ
һڣҩЧԣֹסؿѪ˿ڶۿɼٶȣһһˡ
⡭
ӲɵһôҲû뵽ⵤҩȻȻЩϧոҲǺòˣ֪ⵤҩЧôãӦţ˵컹ܾһ
Щô
վ﷢ɵʵ
ŻعͷһЦ࡭л޳֣ˣһ֪޳Ǵأ
ֹ˸֡
롭ֹ
Ȼû˵ʲôֹ֮Լ֪ĵطأЦٺٵǡҽƣǶҺӣ޳Ҳôҡ
ӣ
һۣⶫ½ˣȡЩŹֵôûᡣ
ƺٺһЦҲ֪ЦɶΪҰɣֵˣ޳֣˵ǴʲôֹʹҲ֪ˣҪûֹ飬Ȼȥһץסͬᱻȥ޸Ѻۣ˱ץȥûʲô𡭡
ȥģ
һۣʵ
ȥ
˫һϣ֮⣬˳˵ȥԱѣʹˣʺ
ɻؿһۣʵ֪𣿡
ҡ
ͷȻ½ޱߣң̹̫ϣʹδʹ֪ģ
ģ
˳˵ţʶ˿Χ͵͵ȡһƾɵƤֽ


0326 
ƤֽȻһŲƵĵͼʹΧҵĴλãֻ˳ŵͼ֮ǰ˺ôľأ
ǵͼϿһֻۣ滭߸ңǷʹʹĶϷ
ο϶ܹ˳
ڶ֮ǰһҪ˽ʱ鷳۲˵Σա
ģ
ظа취˵ָ꣬˵ͼʹһطɽûɽʶɢˣ֮ǰȡùϵǱˣֻҪһ˸ʮžԴľʹȥ
ȵȡ

ȡһŷ׭ֻǷ׭Ӳӣǲһ±̲ܵżΪ뵽ղߣƺЩ߲
ҪȥС
£Ʊ㽫һ¸ԭҪȥĹңǴ˿ȹؼʱڣôף
ֻͨĹĳеλ֮ˣ˲ŻڵŪһݣܹȥֻбǹؽ³
ǴӺζ
һžȻ֮ͨͨˣֻͨ׭֮ƳƽҲֻ֮á
ȴһˣʹй©ԴԴʲô֮һҵԴԶܱͨȣԪӤ֮
ƽʱ˭ҪԴˣȥԴ⣿ȴƫʹԴй
ˣֲʹ̲ϧһֶҪֹ뿪ԭֹҪ޸ѺۣЩ߻ӶԴ׸ˡ
ЩҲ˽ԼĹҶˣӶԴתһ룬ѵͲ˽Ϊ޸Ѻۣȴñǰ̵ȥ
ûʲô˽˽޷Ǵѵǰ˸Էɰˣ֮
жԴľ
ҡ
Դһ׭ȴֻжʮţҲһСĿˣû뵽ȻӶôԴֲøոҪ
ֻŪʮţ޳ֽվһƾ֮ˣ㡣
ֻһ˵ţһ߳һݸҪ֪һžԴľǿǱֵǮȥ㹻ľͨ˲С
ȴδȥӣֻЩͨľ

˰ŷӦЦٺٵľ࣬ͨľܱ˵գֻȡһδùľ
ˡ
ȡʮžҪȥӶʹԴ˵ֳûٵζȴҲûа취ˡ
Ҫҵɣ֮Ҫȥδ룬뾡뿪ܹ˵ʹ̣ǣʹ֮ˣȫ뿪Բʹһһݣӣʲôɽ
ʱɫĺϷһۣߡ˵գһǰȥˡ
ƻָЩ̸ȥһ·УҹʱѾгǧ룬ȴ۵޳֣һ£ͣһ
ƮȻأ˫ָתһۣӣüǻΪһѾ龳𣿡
Ʊ˵һּͣǧ˿ȴ治ĲһƮƮȻҲʼΪ㶵޳֣㵱ֻ𣿡
ûлشĻԱһȥϢһɡ
ٺ١
һ죬ԱȥƽʱڣһԼи˰֮ˣǹҶ˵һ䣬Ϊ֮ǰһʥҩһѣʶҲͲôˡ
޳֣ǹҲй𣿡
һЪƽˣȻʵ
ûС
䲻ػһ䣬˿Ժ뵽ȴţ𶫴½Щ̣ƺǼˣٲƱɣҲûж½Ȩ⽨ͳΡ
ǹá
˫͸һ֮ɫȻ̾ϱӿ֣ҲһµͳࣺʶˣˡҪôԴʱ򣬱ɱԴҪô̡
˵˴ȻЦһָָϣ޳֣㿴ûɺķǿֹ뿪ҲЩȥѺۡ
̧ͷϿһֻۣɢųĹԣһ貣覣ȴʹĽ˭ҲӲ
ǸңԶǿȥǿգǷҲܿܿĽأ


0327 ԴӶᣨϣ

ֳ̾˵޳֣֪˸ԼḶ́½һߵĴڣˡ
ˣ
üͷһ壬֮ǰûʲôˣֻ˵Ķ磬ʣĸĹŹ
޳֣㵱治֪ˣ
һ૵ֹжԶ㲻Ưİɡ
˵˵ˡ

ͷʵҲ̫֮Щˣ˵һĴڣǿǣɿƵģᴵǾͻҷ𡣡
˵˴ƺЩͲˣֱ壬ؿҴȷʹ̺ǿɣܶȫʹߣʹ̶ò˵ûû֪켶Ĳ˰ɣ
˵ֻ࣬㣬һ켶֮𣬵ڶʲô˺ǿʵ֮¡
ҲһǿСƼ˼ֿڵ
ʲôǿУ
ͷһ˵ǰ˵ʲô塣
˵˴һ޳֣֪и˵ںܾúܾǰҲ֪ǰǼǰʱħ裬ѣӡԶź֮һСģŪûˣԼƨˡǺֻ˼䣬ɽ֮УˣСŮèɶС
˵ӣʵȥ

һԴЦеģеԼϹġ˵˴ɫһ˵ĴڣֻҲˡ
˼ˣĴ˵̫࣬ǷɣûУʱԼָΡ
˲֪ãƿʼ˯ˣ龳ֻ֮ͣǰһ·ӣˣոּǧ˿ʵЩ֧Ųסˡ
ֻԺСʱи磬ҺСʱ뿪ˣ˵ȥ켶ҪȥˡҲûѶȫޣ˶˵棬Ҳšһˡ
أȻʵ
Ȼ˵һ¾˹ܵܿ˿޷紵ݶ̾ûˣǶֻ֡һҲһˡ
һӡ
˿֮ˣʮղ䵹ҲûʲôСֻ֣˵Ǹˣһӡ
һӺԼ뵽ͰʱǷ񻹻ʹǷﻹտյģƿһ
޳֡ôˣҲԼİ𣿡
ûС
Ŷ
Ъʱ˲ּǰϱߵɽΪŽԲܸ߿УֻʵʵɽԽ룬ⱻץס
֮Ѿһ·̣Щ조ͬʹࡱ֮ĹϵҲࡣ
һһɽȣɽ͸Զ棬ҲظӦ
޳֣涨ȻԴй©ǿȥ
һֻ̣ϼԵ˷ܣЩţͷһۣ޳֣ߣȥ˾ͱˣǳҪɢ˶ʮԴľʱǱ߻Ҫϲ٣ԥˡ죡
ҲԥɽȥˣʱֻɽŰԴЩԴǴӵصðһЩɫԴ͸һɼǿΪ
ЩԴ⣬һµӿɢĽһ㣬Բע⣬һײ¾ҪˣǰЩȻ֮ͽΪ뿪ʹҲ˲ôˡ
޳֡죡
ƿȡҲɹȥ˵Դ֮ǰһĻȻеЩ̬ʹˣЩ˻ԴҵԼأԼ˿̲ҲҪЩͬ
·ԳһЦȥôˣĿֻһҵɣ֮ȥδ룬ҵĴ޹ء
ֻȡһžһŵص׸й©ԴʩȴϱԱһ˽ȵǣȰԴȥ
Ƽ״ȵأˣԴǵģ

˼ͷһƷֱӽ˳ȥһʮҵĵС
䵽ߣɫż޳֣ȥԸˣǵԴ
ˡ
ǰЩˣķˣԼֻװ裬˿ȴҲһ裬ӶʹԴʱɱˣҪɱˣһûһܻ


0328 ԴӶᣨ£
޳֣ôôģ
Ʋ֪ڿ֮һ˵꣬ȥӶԴˣһҲղԥʶһɨ֪Դй©Դȫ۳ѷɹȥ롣
˹һʱ䣬Ѷ˼ʮžԴľƵҲֻ˼Ŷѣɵ˴Ĵָ޳֣Ҳ
˵˴գգۣСܲܲҪôߵȰѾؽòá
ʱע⵽˷Ͷ಻ƵĿ⣬ȫһѾոɽԴȥˣЩܲ
һ״󺺵ʱŭȵСӣĸģôţ㿴ǶѾˣԴһ㣿
ûȥЩˣ룬ЩԴ񣬶ʮִȥܷκδ룿
֪δһ֮Ļ˵ССɽԴʹԴ
ʱɽȻһֻ죬ȻŴԴй©˼ΣҲ˲ˣɽӵȥ
޳֣ǿȥ
ƽһҲٸȺȥ
棬ԴȻ࣬ƴϲҪȡȴȻһ裺ȵȣ
ôˣ
ƼԼ£ǲ
̵ˣߣ
˵ʹκγͻɽȥ
ƼǹԴ⣬緲˼ɽһοߣæй̵˰öԴûˣ߰
δ˵꣬ԶʺȻ͸һɼǿԪӤϢһѽй̵ˡ
Ȼס֣
ֻһ߳ȴʴ£ֻߣ˲ϢɽϷ±ȫȻδϵ̵ԪӤ߻ͻȻ֣˿һ˿Ҳޣ״
һ˲䣬ֻһ̧ԪӤ֮˲ϢأԲʮԱǿԪӤ֣ѵˣ
ˡ
ɫ䣬ȻԪӤ֮һɲǣڵİӤҲһ˲Ӧ˲κԪӤ
һ̣ңδӦ˲ʩչ˲Ǭݳ֮ˡ
ɽ߽ȫϸԪӤұʩչԪӤͨɽȵѺ޸
Ƭ̺ɢұ߿ȥղ

ߵ˵ͷһɫȴ쳣ұ߼ɫأ˵ٶȺÿ죬ӹԪӤӦʲô

ֵ˵ͷƺû˵ʲôˣʹ֮ˣǷˡ
ʲô˼
ұЩ̫ףɫһҲʱ̧߲ͷһһٶȿ죬ӹҵԪӤǡ
˵˴徹һͲԪӤĽ
ʲô
ұȻһ𣬾ЩӰԵȥŵؿŶԷȷԪӤ򡭡ǣѵǻ񡭡˵˴˿־塣
ߡ
ҲزΪﵽ飬ԪӤ֮ѣȻԣеһ޷ԪӤٸҲûãֻҪûԪӤͲܳԪӤߡ
ͬΪﵽϵ֮󣬱л޳ɻ񣬽ʱһ߱ʵ֮ٿأʶ˳Ϊ񡱡
ϵҪ޳ɻǲֹǱ龳޳ԪӤǧٱǱȸѣ
Ƕһӣ˰ǰһλʹǻߣҲûκλߣһμߣ£ǹϢǹѹȣҪһ㣬ͬһԪӤʱѹ
ôǻߣǣҲֻһҲԸ¶ݣԸողߵô죬ô
˱˴˶ӣһǲģֻǶԷǻߣǻô޹ʳڷһʹй©ѵڱơ
ȥ±̸֪
˲Ϣչ̼ʧããʡ
ʱ֮һɽУΪ˲ǬȻÿֻܶһΣüܶһΡ
ޡ޳ǰ
һֵֻ̣ؿһڿˮŬʹԼʵǰʲôˡ
ĬĬ½һʶѣΪ룬Ҹոš˲Ϣǧѣôʲôֲñ˽ӡ


0329 ߾
ƿĿһȻһЦϷ·һ¾ǧ֮ЦҾ˵ˣΪ޳ǻȿȡ
ȴ룬һʥҩһʲôӹԪӤ˲Ϣǧ޳ֵͷܴ󰡡
ûʲôǰһۣ㼴ָԪ⾳ͨʩչ˲Ǭļ󣬲òָһ¡
Լʱӵվǰһۣӣˡ
ŶŶ
ҲѸվ˼ɽǰУϵľǹˡ
ɽ£̧ͷȥֻɽƣɽƶˣعͷɢˣɿ𣿡
ظЦģʶʮ꣬ɿúܣڣ׼˳

΢΢ͷҲٶˣɽ϶ȥ
ɽϣȴɽ飬ľ㵹һƬ̨Ҳ٣Ʋɵýô¡
˼ӿ˲ȥ㳡棬ֻ㳡һмնѣǰֻһˣüıһ룬˾ֱӸϣǵϣȴԽĸĴ֣ѹ⣡
ɢˣ
ɫ󾪣æ˹ȥһŵˣȻɢˡ
һ£˶̱ڵˡ
شҲ˹ȥɢĿüһԪҲδ룬Ȼ֮ˣϵĸ֣򲻻ɱһԪӤߡ
ǹ̵ˡ
ƽָȻɢ˽ԴİͳѾʹ֪ˣɱһӰ١
߰ɡ
ȥģ
һۣϣҲûˡ
ȥתԶƼʣص
ȥ
΢΢һйһ˵һʶҲûУôȥҪ֪ѹ֮ĸҵĹ̶ݲ£ҵһ޷֮ͨˣԴỵ¡
ܱúá

ôһ˵ָһվãǾȥһԣٶȥŪԴЩ̰֮
ֻ뿪ɽһ·϶УֻܷɽԽ룬Ҳ֪߳˼ǧֻ֪ʱֹȥ졣
һգƺѾʹĶϱ߾ˣȻߵȴɢøΪˡ
ʱ𵴲ݣɽҲʼǿŰЩʮֲֿеĽһɽݻ٣еѿԨײЩҲҪˡ
ǰǱ߾ˣ޳֡죡
һ·УҪ̵ֹ˷֣ҪС㿪⸽ŰĿ
ڣһʱ˱߾ɽȻ˴ȴǸΪ񱩣ɿֲ֮£һɽ忪ʼΪĳããؼ䣬ȥһƬ
޳֣ǰߣߣ
ۼ߾ǰһ̣Ƽ˷ֽţ˷ܹܵʹˣȥŵǣһ·̫˳
ȵȡ
ȻͣƼͻȻͣ£ҲͣܣСʵ޳֣ôˣ
ߣ߱ˡ

һãȻؿǰֵɽȥɽʹȥΨһ·ֲȥô죿
ߡ
ϱߵɽȥܴ߹ȥԶ·Σգʶ񣬸ոѾӦˣϱ߾ɽǱߣѾʹؽƣҪӲܡ
ã
˵ͷһ·ʮ˿˵ϣ;
ߡ
Ҳٶԣһϱɽȥˣƽֱƻ轵ʱ˲һɽȻȴδ룬˴ҲʹĹ̷ˡ
쵰
˿˲һɽº棬ƽָֻǰɽȣΨһһȥɽ·Ǵ˿ȴŽǧĽأ֮⣬Ųٻޡ
ЩɲͨˣԭǻʹһΪξȻ̵˴˴ر߹أЩҲ
Ȼһξκ˳ǴʹԴǱ֮ˣһץסɱͷ
޳֣ô죿
ƽüͷҪǿǲܵģôͻش˵أԪӤҲ봳ùȥ
Ҫǣ½ƶ̫ϣǿȥˣֻʹ߷һͨǱߵĹ̾ݲˣһʹ׽á


0330 ֮
˿̣ɽ쪣ǰЩ˼ͷΪԸߣĲѶԸЩޣеĻڣеȥƺöԸ
ǿȲ˵ǿʧܵĿԸ󣬼ǿȥˣʹ߷ͨʱ򷴵鷳
뾪ˣãǴɽʹߵԪӤƺѾʹ̵ע⣬һЩǱڰ֮˵עˡ
ڶ½ߣȥҵɣ֮Ͳ̫ע⣬ЩϹ
Ҫһ
˿̣ǰߵĽѹֽʶС̽ȥ˴˿ڶķȻˣȻҲǴȴˡ
Щ죬ʹѾڱ߾ץ˲ͼ֮ˣǼٸˣҲ
ʶǼ˷֣ԱѹǱߣʮĵطмٸˡ
һȻܰʶ̽ôԶҲǱȥ̽ͷȥȥ
Ŷ
æӣСʵô죿
Щˣס˵صĽҳ
һ˵ţһ˼ƽϣһʯӣݡһǶﵯȥ
֮ǰʮ֮⾫׼ʯУʶֵ
ʯǱһţ˱㱾ܵķһУ̾ɽǰĽ
ʲôˣ
һͷʱǱȥĿ⣬ֻһЩ޷˹ȥǶ棬˼ٱ¶ʱҲٶأ׷״˳
ڽﾹ˶ˣ˿̾һһͷȵȫ£

棬Ȼ߳һߣ߼λͷ칰˹֣ٵҵȲʹ֮ˣǡɾʹѣλܹǹȥ
һɲóͼı죬ͨͨ£
ͷһȣ߽ǧĽʱΧȥʮͷޣƲν
ǱߣǼ˼޵ɽʱҲʲôˣ˫̴һ
ƻңƶһۣһɽǱȥˡ
ʲôˣվס
һŮͷ쿴˹ȥ׷ȥһƽɽɽµʯ飬š¡¡һ죬쳾һ˲䣬ɽȱ㱻ľʯˡ
Խɽ֮˸һ·У뿪ʹĵؽ磬ͣЪ˿Цٺٵˣڳˡ
һֻ̣˲ݵϣϰƣԳЦСʱһֱи룬гһգܹ뿪ʹȥԶĵطȥҵҸ磬벻Σһʮ꣬գʵˡ
˵˴˸Ц޳֣㣬ҲʵԼСʱΣлл㡭
ԶľԴ䣬ĬٵԼҲǶôгһգܹȥ翴
ʵ޳֣ûʲôΣ
ô
˿Զֵɽ壬Ѿûˡ

ŴԣƲɵ΢΢һ˻ϣ಻⣬ⲻʱȥһЩõ飬Σѵ޳ֶκζѾ˹Ź֮ˣ
ɫѲ磬߰ɡ
Զȥɽֻʹı߾ɽԽɽ㵽δܴԽɽʱܻᱻ̵ץȥ
ڶʱڴɽֻǰϿһӣӱʹķֽߣӣĵؽˣʹ̵׷ҲܶɺˣֻǱ߷Ѷ
Ͽɽ±ߣŶĴɽӣһ̺Ȼĺ֮Уˣƽˣ
صߵϿòϢǰ濴һۣС㣬ҪŪ
ģûˣ
Цٺ˵һ˵ţһɽȥǰֻ˵жôô벻գԼҲһˣָоɱȱ˵ʱöˡ
û˵뵽գԼֻǸͨʱʱԼҲôǽлˣԼһҪȥݳ濴ú󣬲ż̾һ߰ɡ䣬ƮȻϿȶȥ
޳֣ȵң
ҲȥԺ˷ŵĵطǶǣ˵ҹģַǷȥݳǰɣ
û˵ʵȥνֻҪ취ȥ߼򣬷ЩĹңʮʮ꣬Ҳδܹҵɣڡ


0331 
һ·ȥĶǡݳǡһ·ޱ߿ҰҲ˼ңҲŴ͵꣬Ұľµϡ棬һ·ѡ
޳֣ܵʹҪࡣ
ƿһ޼ʵɫɽ˷ܵ˵

ȴֻǵ˵ͷƺ˵ʲôûע⣬ʶһֱԶΪŲ˳˹
޳֣ôˣ
ƼȻĪĳ񣬿ʵ
ꡭ
˸ƣؽ˵Եֻǰʮ˾һһգ۱ǰ˹ȥصĳ
̧䣬ſڱǿüЩʲôô
֪߰ɡ
վһҲ֪ΪΣʼЩϰ£ڿһЩõԤС
£˼ݳǰУȻŶ̶һ磬ǾȻӭȴȥˡ
֡Щ˼Ҵȥ
˫ü΢壬תǺһƬȥǸոմǱ߹ЩǱ߶ȥҪȥģ
ߡ
ɫһЩ˼ݳǶȥڶʱǰȻҴ˲ˣЩһ·
һΣǰһˣ˾ʧ̧ͷ㣬Ҫʲô
ƿüʵȥģ
ȥȥġ
ŵһ̷·ԼҪȥҲ֪ʵǣҪȥģ
ƵϻȻȥݳˣ
ݳǡ
˸һ±ɫ԰ף૵ʱȥݳʲôݳǶѾʧˣȫѾ
˵ʲô
˫Բŵؿ˵һ㣬ô£
˴ǱʱģסˣΡΡ˵ǰ֪ΪΣʼй©طˣͼѺۣʧܣڹѾˣҲѾƹԾǵϡ
ôܡ
ľګګһһֻ̣˫Ȼ޹⣬ͫʧȥ˽㣬һأϣҲûˡ
˲ؿǰˣ˵ͿˣλҲϽ߰ɣȥʹѡ
ȵȣ
һ̧ګګؿ˵Щ쾭ˣȫȥʹѵģ
ҪȻأ
󿴿ƣҿһʱҲòˣǼ˶ȥʹѣҲȥ
ҡҡͷǲȥˡΪǣոմǱӹǱߵǺò˶١
ʲô
Ҳסˣ۱ÿյ˾Ƿвһ˿ϣҲˣ·ͻȻʧȥ˷򣬲֪ȥˣֻ߾վǿǣֺγˣ
ʵҲ޹Ұôƺȴ˿֪˴˵Ҫֹֻ̫κһ˿Ϣȥ
ô졭
תͷګګһ̣·ҲʧȥȫϣһʱԶȻһǺɿһ֮һоԻҷ
ӡ
ܷӦһȴûܰǸȥʹѵߣתǵӿĿһҲˣʧȥ˹ʣֻǳճյЦˣٺ١ٺٺ١
һ˲䣬ǿӿ˲佫ûҷ
ޡ޳֡
ƱǰһĻŵûɸɫɷףþöδܻعŷ֣ĩ٣Ҳ֪ҪȥˣոһҲֽѡ
ͼأ
ءͼ
һ¿ϣæǾƾɵĵͼȡ˳̯ڵϣȻŵͼǲƲȫģڵͼֻʹԼܱ߼ҵĴλá
ȥȥȥ̹ȥȥϹҲУȥ
ָŵͼڸ֮л˼ãҡҡͷȥЩطûá
ʲô
һ´סˣԶһƬʣʹй⸽֮ʧ⣬ѱܱĹҲˡ
ظϹȥȴ̹ЩҵҲй©֮Ҳʧ⣬Ǳ㵢õʱ䡣
ǡȥģ
ؿʹѾ군ˣڳȥ̹Щұѣȥ
һԶʣһ̣Ȼ˵ȥؼ򡣡


0332 
ȥȥؼ򣿡
һ㶣һ̣ĳ㯡
һӣûȥؼ򣬷·ؼ򣬾ɼı˰֮£жԪӤȥؼҲʧܶգοһССһԶҲ˵ϡ
ȥؼ򡣡
ٴο϶˵һ飬ʹ⼸ң֪ΪйؼĹȴδǲʹʲô˸û쿴һ£²Ѱ
ǡǡ
ҲڻعôȥؼҸͲ֪ؼġ
ȥݳǡ
ݳǣ
һ˵ҪȥݳǣƸЩ⣬˵ɸո˲˵ˣ䣬ѾҲԾУǱȫȥ
ݳǵķ˵ѱ򵽵ؼĵͼȻڹУҪһȥؼĵͼ
ȻҲҪȥؼȲܣҪһݵͼ֪ȥ˿̼˵ЦģҲ˵ͷã²˳٣ھȥݳǣ

΢΢ףһݳǱȥˡ
һ·ϣ˴Ǳ߷ҪȥʹѣȻЩ֪ʹҲˡ
ƼЩ˺żһʹѾȥˣȴûʲôЧЩ˶ֻѣʱ˭ĻҲͲˡ
ѾĶǡݡ
ȻʱݳȴѲշ壬ưܵĵҡżƬҶ˽ű߷ɹȥɳɳ졣
ô
żһһĶǣЩ̫ţݳǱѾռ죬Ҳϲ˰壬һѾҲš
ߣȥǰ߿
˼ǰУ쵽ʹʱͻȻͣȵȣ
޳֡ôˣ
̧ͷԶŵһ˿˿ȥЩʲô

һ̣ɫȻ쳣ԶЩӵصһ˿һ˿͸񲢷˼硣
ͬʱҲƺΪ˵ĵһ˿˿Ҳ˹ɫһ޳֣Щˣ

ȻеͷһʹһɲǣԺ澹ֳһӵĻ棬Ǵ棬һһ㣬ŨŨǡŴ壡
ΪʲôΪʲôЩ͹Ŵһ
һɲǣֻеͷʹѣ˫ҲѪ˿ƼģȻ£ͻȻ߻ħһ΢΢һޡ޳֣ôˡ

˫ͷģЩʹ֪࣬˿Ժǻʲô֮һĻĻ·ǹŴٵʱһĻĻϯӡ
ӱŨŨ˻ӤԼûһ˻һȾûһܹƫƫʱԼȻ漣Ļ
޳֡
ģ
һɲǣڻعȴպÿʮӰ˹Щˣɷ˫۷̹âɢһɶƤҲѾãЩѾǻˣǱȾ󣬻ʬȣ
һ˲ƶ㿪ˣʮֻʬȵٶȴޱȣվȣһ˲
ٴζ㿪֮ȴ߲Сɷɷ֮𣬴ѰһߴȥֻǾȻʬȣһƬ
ЩЩѵȫѾ
¶˲ŵɫѵЩѾʮˣȫѾʬĹô
üȾʬȣѪΪʳԹΪСЩЩǱȾˣҪˡ
˵֮ʱʹǱߺһ忪һɼǿ֮͸˹
滹лˣߡ
ԥ̼ɽʹǱ߷ȥ
˻ʹǽֻŲٽŹ̵ĸʵĴȨѾѾУԭЩٹٺ;ӣģҲΨѾհ
ŲʵƾʮѾ޷串Ӧ޸Ѻʱǿײˡ
йãű֮ʱѾκòƷ͹̵ͳΣȴýɽҲͬһأ
ʱǽϵĻǴ󾪣ͷû뵽ͷȻлˣʲôˣͣ£


0333 
ǽͷԷţȡһŽâ񹭣ݡֱȥ
ָһסĽһɲǱ˳ǽϣ˾Ϣȥǽͷһ¡ʲôˣ
ڶ½ͳεĵطͼΨһܹȥĶֹؼʱڣͼǳ˱ĶֶȻֻй̺Ҳˡ
ȥǵ»ʵۡ
ǽͷ˵ʱУһ֮򶨣˸ƣλ룡
˻ʹ棬ȴ񣬺컨ƽǽߣʬһĻȫȻ硣
Ļʹ֮˽ԱɱͷˣģûʲôΪĹ٣ԼŮ죬ǰʵ۵ĺǡ
ããҼ˭Ҳͣ
ֻ˿̵Ľǵϣǽ̻Իͣظ裬мʮɫ輧Щ輧ȴʲôѰ輧ǰʵ۵ǡ
ߵϣʱٹٶͷڵ׵ϣֻһ쳣ߴ֮ˣվߣУһŸˣˣҲʲôѰˣͬǰӡ
ո߸ϵǣթң㣬ұȴ⡰»ʵۡΥߣһɴ
»ʵۣǣ󽫾ձư滹ȴҰĲŴ˴֮Σ̸λڼҲǷˣ֮ǰٹʵ񫡣

ʱһֻ̽ɫæ˽ϸʱͣǲͷһۣ´ű
¡
̽ҭһڿˮǰʹӶƼݡ
˵꣬͡һѪɽϣŵõǾʧ˳
ֻ̽ͷ­˳ȥ³һѪ˻ȥһ飬ͣô֣裡
ŵûɢʱȴҲΥ棬ٴһƣһ߸ƴЦããȴ˿
ʧȥ̵Ĺңűˡ
ûãٴ߽ˣȴˣƳʹʱԵЩηηģ˷ˣʱƽҲûʲô
ˣƺҲһƳһ˵Ĳһ̧ͣ俴Ǻˣ
ѿʹ͸裬
ʲôˡ
ǵӱˣһ㺮˪˲˶˸ʶȥ
Уصסʹļ֮ԴһȥؼĵͼΣ
ۣƺ²ףסʹļ֮Դ˵һݵͼڽɽԣȴֳҪʲôҪʲô𣿡
Ȼˣ˲˵ʱҲһӽ㡭žֻʬʵˡ
󵨣
һʱȣȴһ̧ʱǰ㣬ĿԾϣã汾סǼ֮Դұȥƹĵͼ
ҪһЩƷ׭
û⡣
̷ԸˣȡһЩƷ׭ȥǽϣĿԶֻЩǴĳصѺ͸ģЩصѺѺ۶
Ȼʱ֪ǴӺδסЩ֮Դȥһ˵ԴͷѺ۴Է׭ӡصʲôˣδȥѱʴΪʬȡ
޳֡㣬𣿡
˿̣ƽŵؿһϣ˶ԷϣҪǶԷʱʲô£͵һ˿ϣҲˡ
ģ¡
˵ͷԱߵǿȥϣʱҲҪʳԣֶܷס˴֮ԴֶΣ˳ǡ
ǿٺЦ˵ģȻӦ㣬;ʳԡ
á
ٶԣƿһۣ˫һţĿ֮£ޱӵȥ
һ̣˶ĿתؿţʱеЩţѵ˵治Щ
һɤָۣΪŵͼȥð˴ķգֵ𡭡


0334 ֮Դ
֮Դһ㻤ԪЩ⣬ԪᱻȾҲ֪ΪΣܹ
һʱȥˣ֮Դ𽥱Ʒ׭ӡסҲɢˣǽϵʿЩţһʱ価Ի֮Դ汻סˣ
Ҳ˿ʱԱߵҲص˵ͷ˹мֱ£Ϊá
ֱʱʹ֮Դȫӡסշɻسǽϣȴǲմһ˿֮Դѱ·ӡҪĶ֪׼û
ǿ˿˲ţβΪã˵ȥؼ򣿿Ƿ֪ˣܽȥؼ˵һ
ˣֻŵĳŵɡ
ԱƼ뷴ڣҲǰֻ뽫ͼǾͿˡ
ۣǿ㵱桭Ը
ֻǾЦЦҲҲաһ󳼵ҪĶ
һϳսսÿһıһʸǣᣬҪĵͼҪһ䣬ȥؼǲܵģȥˣǺǡȴǵĽʲôԶ벻
Աƻ汻仰סˣؼôȥģ̧ͷ˿ԱֻȻУӹǵĵͼлѡ
˲ټͣõͼʹȥˣҲỳͼ٣Ϊͼм١
ȥݳ棬ͼ򿪣ͼãԶ֮ǰǲƵĵͼ׼ȷ࣬ÿһɽÿһӣǵ
ȻͼҲֻΧңҪǣΨһһؼĹҡƹ
ƹ
ƿŵͼƹ߾㶷ΪؼĹңԶȷ࣬ŵͼֻͨƹĵ·ƹϸͼҲˡ
޳֣ǡھҪȥƹ𣿡
̧ͷؿδ֮ǰһӶδʹƹǰ붼ȥһ¡

ͼ񼴱һݵͼҲ˲Ҫȥȥƹ·;ΪңԶĿǰƣϿŰ޷ҪƿĻҪһʱ䣬ĻüҲ˵׼
ҪȥؼҪ׼Ķ࣬ҪԴҲࡣ
ʮ֮ڳһ·ȴľطʧ
һΣ֪Σǽֻʹ߼Ѿϯ
أΪʧ⣬ȱˣҶӶ½İͼʧˣҲ֪ж˴ӱĹʹ˳
һй̫ͻȻ޷Ԥϵѣ̶ѾؼĹҷѶţϣĸְ޸ѺۣѶȥȴʯһ㣬޻
ǰ飬ΨԾȡ
ʱֹȥ죬˰°ɽˮ˿ڣȻƹڵĵؼźԶһξ룬⸽̫ӣʱɽ𵴣ﻹһͼʧããɽ֮С
޳֡˵ܹƹ𡭡
;ѾЩ֧ţ촽Ҳʮֲ԰ˣ治һεѾж¡
õͼǰɽĬ뵽ʹļֻΪй֮ʧ⣬Ѿ˿ˣԪǱʧ⣬ֻ
ȥԪʧ⣬˼磬᲻ᶼһʱġ
֪ΪΣȻãЩ鲻̫Ѱһ˿ֵĹ
߰ɡ
ȥôˣؼǣҪȥؼ򣬷һȫʧ⣬ĵؼ˻Ϊ˷ֹѺӹȥƬ򣬵ʱȥؼ򣬼ˡ
ڵǣ㵽˵ؼҪνȥȥؼû߽ӦѺѡ£Ҳֻһһˡ
һʱһɽԶҲܵɽɽһǿ͸
־ϲǰȻдԴй©ǿȥ

ҲԥδȥؼֻռԽԴ˲Խá
˵ɽʱֻԴɢ⣬ɽĽһ˶ˣȻ˶Դ޳֣죡
·𿴼ϣһ㣬˶ԴʱͲͨƹˣҲԥȡŴ˵صԴ
Դ챻ոɾʱʱԶȴ͸һǿϢһǸҶ˵صԴôĵӣ


0335 ʦֵ
ʲôˣ
һתһɷǵߣס˺ΪʱܹоԷǿϢߣߣⷲ
ֻüһӡ÷ɫǱһ㣬һŶ˹֪ʲôطԴҲҶĪӻòͷ˲ǣ
һȣʱɽȿƸһɲס˺ŲҲ˲ԭأҲҶһˡ
ȻȴʼŻߣǰ˵˵Դߢȡʲôɻ䣿
߼װһֱ͸ģ˳ɲ׷ٽ˵Դأɿɷȥ򣬱Ѻۣ
һǰƸˣһߣɢ
˿һվԭأֻȥô졣
ӣѷյԴóɡȴôһ仰

˰죬Żع㲻ᣬô˵ˣʲô취
Ҳｫ˳Ƶľһ˵ԴˣǰĿ

ۺ룬δȥǵһۣ˵Դѹ黹׷ˣȥɡ
лǰ
˵ʲôɽȥˣԶŵͷǰŵϢ˲ȫޣֻ۾âֱոɵû뵽͸ˡ
ȻȥʰϵʱһͷһʲôҲδֻһʹҪ˹޷쵽ȫѨһ˲˷סˡ
Ŷˣм˸ǰ
㡭
ɫһǰȥˣһǿ˹Ƶģګګ˵ˡ
ƥ򣬹ȻװŪ
ʱҲ˻ԭʵֻٶĵУȴϰһܹסԼΪǳΪߣԭҲǸӦ˴ԴԲŸϹϸϹʱԴȴˡ
Ȼģ͸洩µˣԲųʩչܷסˣȴδ뵽ԷΪȻ֮ϡ
㡭㡭
־֮ɫһ뵽һʮˣȻİٶߵĵУ׹ޱ޾Ԩһ
һ̣ҲԽо͸ˣȻܹһ˲סһߵѨʵΪʲô硭
ǰصģ²ǰ
һߵ˵ţһ˹ʵǰǴȥؼ򣿡
㡭
ЩֵؿҲǰֻشǻǲǡ
ǡǣȥƹ
ߴ˿֣Ȼˣʲôֿʵǰƹ˽Ӧ
Ŵԣһ±տڲ˵ˣ£ȻҪܣ˵϶˴£˵ǰģֻҪҶҲһͬȥƹԻ⿪ϵ򡭡
˵˴ָ΢΢һʱеȫһİʹ·ȫҪϵһãã
ܺá
һЦȻ˿̶ʩչĽȻ๦ǾĹһһԷڣΪ
ˣ֪ǰγƺ
ҽ࡭
ԭǰ
һЦƿȥ˵ƹˣ·ʤǺȥ
ƴʱ룬ΪѾʲô硭
һָʱɫȻÿڣҲԲӿ͸ǰ˵Ϊأֻİߵķݣһˣ˿µΪ
úƽԶǰ˳ɵ˵һλʦܣһɽϣʱ򡭡
ǰģ֪ô˵Ц
ðɡ
ܸоЩϰ£Ҫƽ޹ʶˣҲ֪ʦܻ᲻ͬ⣬Ҳ֪ƹǱ˻᲻ͬ⡭
һɽ֮УֻԶɽ´˸ڣʱһӰ˹һƮƮİ׷ߡ
߿ȥͬɷǣԵһЩʦܣס
ɽ±ߣʦˣʱüͷһ壺ô£ʲôˣ


0336 
һ±ýæǰǰʦܵڰ·յĵӣҼʲԱΪͽҲɷ󡭡
ͽܣ
׺ɵϴһ£ȻԪһɱʱһæ£ȵףʲô
ʲô
ȻñǰˣĪǲ֪ʹֻܴ֪ǵ£Ϊ֦롭˵˴ɱŨˣƲ˸
ң
һµǰһȴͨͨͣĵΪԶʤʮĪ˲ɣ
׼ʱŹ֣ҲȻΣɸ꣬ʦʱͻȻͽܣؼǣ˿µˣﾹȻûһ˿η塭
ȵףҶԣͽ磬ĪҲͽ𣿡
㣡
׼ĺĺյؽһ˰ˣɣֻǴʹǱߣʱԸȥɣ
˿ûŪʲô鷳ʱƿһۣеֺ£Ǹոգ˺Ȼʦ֣ܳʦܴʱѾһˡ
֮ͻȻЭûеոһɲȻеһ˿޵ѹȸУǴʦϴһ۾ܹƳΪУոˣʮ࣬ڷˡ
һ˵Ϊײأ֣ͬǿأһܱ֪ܹܵõұӲʮ꣬ΪȴԼҲ޷в뵽ʦ־ʱԵ޹ͻȻͽѵ˴˵вȣ
ţвһֹ˼ɣһ·϶Щ̫ڣ·һֱ˶ţκһ˿紵ݶ䱸
Ȼʱȥˣʦֶʼջ࣬ҲûʲôȻĹϵҲôԵУ˽ƵǸż˵仰⣬Ǹ޳ģ޻˵
һգ˰յͼϵıʾѾ˿쵽ؼһɽɽκιңʱҲżһص𵴣ƺҲй©
ɽǰ·̣͵ƹı߾ˡ
һɽۣһԶֵɽ壬һ߻˵ţʲôǡ
߰ɡ
ʦֶһۣ֪ΪΣ˽գ޳ˣɵ֮ķǵûмȥһ֡
ƻ轵ʱһЪϢƬߣԶȴһ󼲷һǿϢ͸ˡ
ʲôˣ
䱸ҲһɲǣһɫӰ˲Ϣ˶ǰ缲磬۾ûգһ£ȴӲǲ֪Էεġ
ֻһѣһ֧ȣͬǸ׷ߣֻɢϢȴɷǣһ޵а
ٹţȧǸɽ˫ȴݽȥ͹ȣȥݹᾣ˫ȴǾ˸˸Ϣ˺ʣһİϵеԪӤߣֻżࡣ
˫˫ԭأҲҶһ£Ҳҳһ¡
ϷӡλСѣؽš
ʦֵܶϵɨһۣƺˣΪСѡ
ˣ˿˵ǲܵģʱվǰģһİУδ޳ԪӤͨߣǾ;˽ţƾʦֵ֣ܶһս
͸ԪӤϢ˿޼٣ԪӤԪӤߣر˵ˣʦֵܶУδ޳ԪӤҲֻǽᵤ߰ˣ˵ᵤߣʮǰԪӤֻҪһҲûˡ
֪֪ǰʲôԸ
ǿѹͷ־壬ŬʹԼʵ
ֿһۣģǬ򿪰ա
һǰ·ٵģһԪӤߣȻɱ˶ᱦѵؼǱҲ𣿻ǰӣҲǴȥؼ򡭡
𣿡
Ӽ˲һ±õͳࡣ
ûû⡣
ʦֵǱ亹乣һԪӤ߸ǵѹʵ̫ˣ˿֪ЩԴǲȥؼ򣬵£ҲòȻٵģɾͲֹЩԴˣ˵
˰շԸԹԴǬʶ΢΢һɨʱ֪Щʲôһ̽ЩõĶǵҩ߷ȫԼ
ܺá
ƺ⣬˿ȥƵһһԪӤ˽棬ŵĵѣȶԷ˵Ǭˡ
ʶһɨֻѾȡ˳Ŀۣȥأ


0337 ɱԪӤ
һɲǣǺȻסһ㣬вͷһæǰֻһСͽճûʲô
û㡣
ĿһȥǬ
ɵһ±øΪˣԱҲʼȥɫһԪӤߣɲǺǵġ
ãֻ̧䣬ǬȻڳʶ̽һ˲䣬ȴɫȻһ䣬ȻǬУ١ֻʯЩԼǾžŻѪ롢Ƶȶ
һͨˣЩɫ䣬ʶǰˣͨͨһӣһɲǣɱ˶ᱦҲ޷Ϩˡ
ֵһ˲䣬һ˲䣬Ҳԭʧһ㣬ֻԭһӰһȴݽʯһȣȴֻӰ档
ͻıʣƺʦֵܶ˽ɫһ䣬ǷӦһ˲䣬Īһ㣬˲Ϣ˳һƶųͷȥ
һƣȴѰһƣò⾳ƾһ˲佫ʩչ˼£ʩչĲǰԱ⣡
˫ĿһɣһɲȻԤеʲôȻӦʱޱ߲֮˲佫֣һȫԽطƾһССԪӤߣѵÿ
ҪֻС˶ԷһЩԷԶһЩܲĹ

ֻһҽ𣬳ڲٶˡҲ˲ջ˹ϵҶѹƣΧĻľδήǰŨŨҲδֳ
ͨ
һ죬ϵȥֻ˫ĿԲʱ֪Լôģûһ˿˿ڣȫȴڸոһ˲䱻ˡ
Բֶɱˣвκһ˿ΪոմˣѾɱģţճɺ󻼣һԪӤߣҲСոֻǶԷСѣҲɱԷ
ǻǰҲ޷ɱһԪӤߣΪʱδ⾳
绺ִƺȻ˸ֱڣηѣŵڵϵĳӣոһжֻڵʯһ˲䣬һԪӤߣһ˲䱻޳ָɱˡ
㣬㡭
ҲסˣһǼ˹һ㣬ɫɷ
֮ǰΪİУȴû뵽Ȼܹ˲Ѵ֮ɱһԪӤߣ
ոõʲôֶɱӣոһƸûдȥϸһ˿˿ڶûУôɱģȥǱһһУ̫ˡ
Ҳ˸ڣףһ·ϣʦΪһֱЩˣ㡭뵽˴˲׹Ԩһ㺮䡣
û˵ҲһУֻĬĬߵǰһŽ߷Ѵ˸ոĶȫ˳ǰ
˿ŵԼЩֿ˿֧֧࣬л
һ̣˾Ȼ֪γƺˣ˵ǰԷԶԶСԼˣ˵СѣɶԷΪԶԼ֮ϡ
ޡ޳֡
ΨƴʱȥһЩ˵ɫЩɷףܹ뵽Լһ·ˣȻ
Ȼ䣬ǴɽӹԪӤߵԪӤʱ͸е˼飬Էȴʲô˲ϢǧʱɵɵΪˣڡλţ
ǣҡ
һߵ˵ţһ·ųĶӣʱ˲ٶ˴ʯ;⣬ЩҩͷֻǱʲô׭
ЩҩǷ׭ԼЩͨؼʲôģۣȫƣԼֻһЩʯ
ʱڳ淢һֵķ׭ʹɫķӡȴѪɫδǷóϺɫӡȻһѪ⣬һü֮С
޳֣
ƶȻһҲ˲䷴Ӧ˹ҪȥӦѪ⣬ȻȴҲӦˣղһĻ̫ͻȻǷϵһѪ⣬ӡ֮һ
⡭׷
ǰһĻֿǴӳ棬ƮĹɫ׭Ҳһɫһ±øӲ԰ס


0338 
ֻǺɫ׭һŻҽƮɢǸոӡüĵһѪ⣬ȴҲˡ
ɫҲֽһ㣬ŵϳӵʬĿ¶ŵɫ૵˵ˣոǸ׷
׷
üһָᴥŶͷ岢κոǵѪӡδʲôˣѪӡãҪ˺
˵ոճ֣һɲԹȼ׷һѪӡüģᱻ˵׷ٵˣǵؼ򡭡
˵ã˼֣˲켶ĴڣһЩаɢ˵֮֯ĹϵҲһ޲壬ȷǾԵĵˣҲѡ
˵ڻЩľ˴˶һۣСʵޡ޳ֵܣڣΣ
ո˲ɱԪӤߣ˶ԣ̫˵ڣСģǺɣǰˣһָɱǣȸոɱӻࡣ
˿ϳӵʬڶ˲⣬Ҳûƹ˿ĵģȥؼȻ취ȥ켶ҵɣڡ
޷ǰС
赭д˵һ䣬ֻһһźɫĻʱϷָһһܷɳȥɲǼ㽫ӵʬΪ˻ҽ
һĻǾɷˣƾ˵ĵУȻʲôֻеһϢܹɱԪӤߣںĪǰˣΪѴﵽˡ
ԭغþãδ֣һ·һӣ˿µʵӵʵڷߣǴʲôطġ
ãϵĻҽ紵ɢˣת˿һۣλǰ߰ɡ
׻عʱһɫɷףΡΡ޳ֵΪԶʦֵ֮ܶϣһǰɷҶˡ
Խ˵ԽԽСϸûûˣֱǰɽȥ
˿ﲻɵǰӵĻ磬һǿʳĵطһǿΪĵطˡ
˰ɽˮı߾һɽɽյͼʾٴɽɽǵؼҲƹĹˡ
쵽ˡ
ǰƵɽһɽ¥һʱƶˣʱһʧ
˿ѾЩƲסеļˣӷ򵽵ؼδԼⱲôԶ·
쵽ˡ
Ҳͣ׼Ȼͣ£Ҳͣһʱӣȥ죬Զǰ˳η塣
ӣ㵽ƹһʲô
ûˣתƿȥԴٺһЦңһûãȵ˵ɡ
ЦЦҲ˼̣ʱ䣬ŴԽɽȻԤ֮ȴǣƹΪ˷ֹй©ǰѲ˭ȥ
⣬һЩˣپۼ˽ƹѰӣƹ򿪴ǽѣȻڴ˿غ˰£Ҳδ򿪹ֻżֹƹʹߡ
ô졭
ǰǺѹѹһƬӰɫѸȥԭΪܹ˳ƹӣǰѰѣƹҲ״򿪴ˡ
ֻпˣ˴˿̽ӣƺǳ˵⣬ϵǸʲôʹ
ȥʱ䣬ڼ淢𵴣ȺɧƵƵǵؼ棬Ҳ˸Σ¼۷徳ԪӤ֣Ҳ
⼸죬ҲԹܷ񻯽֮ǰǵ׷δҵⷽЩҲûʲô֮˶⾳ʶͨ׷ٵҲһֶܹԷ
ʱԶȺ֮ˣ棬ֳƹʹߣ˳֣˶ӿȥλʹߣͬǽƹ𣿡
һʱ䣬Ⱥﳳֲѣƹʹ߶һۣһ˸λ԰꣡
Ⱥ𽥰󣬲½ѽּλƹѣԺ˴󷨣λźöУҪҡ
ããڿˣ
ȺʱѣԶҲ¶˷֮ɫ޳֣ƹͬ󷨣ǽȥˣ죬ҲȥŶӣ
ȵȡ
һֽסˣתͷ˷֮ɫδˣһصı飬ʵ޳֣ôˣ
Щԡ
ɫ𽥱˲ȥؼ򣬼ʱҲ˴ģ룬ƹȴͻȻ˽룬£²򵥡


0339 ʹ
ôˣ
һһէӣƸЩͷˣܹƹˣѵǺһ
ȥ
һ̣Ƕ϶ˣܸЩһƹʼһֲõԤС
Ϊʲô
һȻؿ˵Աȥû뵽ϵɫҲһ±쳣أĬŲ
ǡǡ
һЩ֪ˣۼԶЩѾڿʼŶӣҲЩģֱһʱƹǱߣһǿϢ͸ϵĸ֡
˽ͷ׷ߣɫϣһīɫۣұɫ£ԭЩֵȺڴ˿ϵ£
ֻұָһʱһѺۣҪӿȥһɣһɢȥͣ
ʱƹʹǰ˵ɶλǰ뾳򣬽λǰķԸ
ȺȻ飬ʼش󷨣ƿģۼЩһƹڣɵż޳֣ǵ治ȥ𣿴󷨷գǾͽȥˡ
ܸЩ˽ȥ
ʱ˹˶һۣóһöֻ˸ʱ¶Цգ͵͵ȺǱۣС˵޳ֵܣȥʮﴦһ
֪ѾʲôʹϵϣҲԥȥϢϵĸֲȥˡ
һ·ϣ˲ЩʵոΪʲôǲЩ˽ȥ
˳ĬѾ֪ЩʲôҲ²³һЩ飬˵Щ˽ȥĻδػٳˡ
ʲʲô˼
Ʋһһֻ̣еһɺЩ˱ƹѵƹʲôı
һ˶ʮǴ̴֣ȡ㣬һ½飬ʱֵһ߳һӰ
ȫһɫ֮£ģϢֱӦһİеԪӤߡ
ʹ
첽ȥǰʩһ񣬶ǺˣĿȴʼںߵϣк¶Ϊʲôˣ˭
ʹ䣬һ˴˶һۣʱôǣС˵ʦ·Щ鷳λСѳԡ
˵˴ͣȡһԴľʹȥ
ʹĿ΢΢һһ£ֻŪ˵ݡ
鷳ƴˡ
ּææȡһԴؼ伫ΪԴ֮˶ԣǲɶ֮
ʹ˵ľȥʵˣʲô֣Ĺˣ
졭ƣʹˡ
أ
ʹȥʶܿ˷ͬһ㣬޳
ɫΪţ֮ǰǳҲԪӤΪȴ޳ɱ˵ʹΪһЩЩ£һʹϴӦ޳᲻һɱ
һԼ˵ҲûˣҲ˵ܷƹڵؼ򣬿Ҳû֮أ뵽˴˸ˣҲҴһ¡
á
ֻʹ˵ͷҿԴǶ뾳ǡһнԵҵģԸ
˵棬˿ϲһȫʹķԸ
߰ɣߡ
ʹٴۣٶԣ漴תһȥ˵ɫҲ̸ȥ
һʱ󣬼ѾƹڣϲؼԶǷɱȣֻǲ֪ΪΣʼոһֳ֮С
ȴ࣬һ·Ե쳣˷ܣΨˣʼսУ·һ仰Ҳི
ĺɫʱŴʹһϡٵС򣬵һƾɿջƹʹԱһƵ˵ɫǻƼɫ£漴żȥԺһһ仰Ҳʣ˳ȥ
ȵһ
ʹ׶˿һۣȻҪƹǱҪһƹݣʹ֮㣬Ǯƣ֣Ҳһյˡ
ҹĻᴹʱһĽŲʹŴ򿪣ֻһͬ۵˽˿гףˣʱüͷһ壬ʹȥôˣ


0340 ֿ
ʹ˫ַһۣʱˣŪ˵ݣӦǲѰɣ
⡭
ЩΪѣʹһۣһֻֻݡһȥһ׭֮ڡ
ķ׭׭֮ãȻЩôʹȻЩԥһ±ࣺô𣿡
УС
æ̧ͷԷһ˫۾ٶ˵ʲôǴպãִöСʹȥ֮ǰ˵ݡ

ʹӹ㣬΢΢˵ͷȥɣסһ޳һơ
ǡСĸǡ
˹˹֣ȥ뿪󣬴ʹתȥ׶ˣǵݡ˵գָһö㵯
лʹ
׽ö㣬ϼ֮ƣӽǱƹˣǵؼˣӴҲص¡

ʹ΢΢ף˿ȥ˵Ⱥգסõ֮ǰҲҪȥ
ǣǡ
Ҳæ΢ЦͷӦʹٴ˿һۣٶԣתȥˡ
ʹߡ
ȻЦݣĿ뿪ֱٲӰ˲תЦʧ𽥱һֿ־ɫսսؿ޳ֵܣոա
޷
ȥΪˣһָ̽ϵ⿪ʱֻеȫ泩ޱȣ⣬ϵл޳ֵܡ
ޱҹɫһۣһ·Ҳͷλǰˣ߰ɡ
˱˴˶һۣתͷЦǺǵǡ޳ֵܣСѱأǾʹ˱ڡһ˵ţһ׿˿˱㼴ţϢԺȥˡ
ߺȻЩˣƻɵɵվڷ˵õˣҲֿɡ

Żعګګؿ˵ͷ
ȥգϵʱǺˣȻѾףĸö㡣
һö΢һӦ֪һ۶ɵϢӴƹݣȻǼٵģֻܹڵؼߡ
λѰף¾ȸˡǺ˿ЦЦͣתȥˡ
ö㣬Ҳβסϵļ֮飬ãŽö֮պãȥ޳֣ڡ
뿪ɡ
濴˿ƹܴ󣬵ؼ󣬶ֻƹһСѣڷɣͽڵϢܡ
뿪С򣬵ʱһɽ棬ȥֻϴ续ӭ죬ֻڶǰȴ·ֱͨͬĵط
ͣԶ͵䣬Ǿֿɡ
޳֡Ҫô
Ҳͣʱһ·֪ǰΪԶ֮ϣȴ׶е£ЦЦãǾڴ˴ֿ޳֣ڣ
˵ţ˱ȭһЩԥصǸǸˣڿջ˵ɣЩаʿ޳֣Ҫġ
֪
΢΢˵ͷˣڻ̫ʱˣȥ˽һ£Ͼǰһ׷ò
˷ֹֿ֮ȥ죬һǣҪǳǶ࣬ǵĵһ£ȥŪŵͼ
ʱҵ˳ĺУмùģҲмùģ֮Ҫŵͼʲô¡
һӻ̣ƹ˽Եô飬ȥҲ䣬ֱҪһŵͼ
ƹҪͼһֵ۹һվȥݣʱһҳľ
ҪĶ
ƹȻԵò䲻ȣһϣ򿪣ֻ滭ɽɽˮˮ򣬵ֻƹڵĵͼ
ֻоڵͼô
Ҫĵͼȥʹˡƹббһۣ䲻ȵ˵
Ҳٶʣͼ𣬷öʯϣתȥˣȻȥʱȴͻȻһʶϡ
еʱ򣬾Ѿ˶ϣǴ˿̣ɲɫȥˡ
ȥ棬ӿ첽һƬȥһɫӰҲٸȥθӣǺ˺ܿ͸ˣ֪ȴƵһͬ
˵Ϊθҡ
һǺȻһתȥȴ·һ˫ۣϢ


0341 ʮ
㡭
ǺȻϢ˵ˣһϣëȻ׹Ԩ
˵ʲôˣΪθҡ
ٴ߽һЩǺ˿֪ΪΣǰһ̻־岻ѣһ̺Ȼ֪Ӳһһ޳ɱҽ˳ӣʮѾأ㶼Ӳˡ
Ŷ
΢Ȼ˵ˣ벻ôˣһΣ˶ˡ
ߡ
ǺȴǶЦһĬ
ˣ˵
Ȼһ̧ͷʶʱԺϲ䣬ԭ˲һĴڣɽɣؼŰɣˡ
ƹ˵һɣԻħ׽̡ǰɱĳӣħ׽̵ˣİУԪӤڵΪȴֻħ׽̵һͽħ׽ʮϣơʮϡݽڽ֮¡
ʶ񣬵ǿ̽˵ԪĲСҲֻ̽Щģļ䡣

Ǻ˷һƺߣɫʱ԰˲٣ǴӹŹ˳һ
ջʶֻȻмһѷɽȻɽͫױ𽥷Ŵ󣬡ͨһ˫ĿԲأκϢü졣
ƾԪӤ֮ˣֻҪκһ˿ɱģѰ·
ȥʬ뿪Ӻһ·ǣ֮ߵ˼Ϊܹоʲôħ׽̵ʮϣѾԽԽˡ
ħ׽˰˵ϴ󣬵ҲСʮϵΪֽڽξȻȫ׷ɱѵֻΪɱһԪӤڵĳӣħ׽Ҫӱ
ܣԷ˴ζȻԭǴγӿеѪʯ̡ЩǰԹȼ׷һħ׽̵ĽҲ֪챦
ЩκһܹԪ粨οΪصĹ϶磿
ʶħ׽̳ʮϣȻҪõϵ챦ħ׽̽ǲ˽ģı˱Ľɷ֣ıλִ챦Բһγʮλϣȫ׷ɱҪϢѱȥ
ѷյŵӣȻһͨԴʱ˳ǣһ·Уݵͼǵ۶ݳڵķ˵޼ɵҲڵ۶׷ɱΪͻһ磬ҲͲ˵׷ɱˡ
ʮϵΪΣĿǰвԼʵո⾳һ㣬ֻһͨԪӤߣҪԲɱȻѡ
ԷӵŽУ۷ڵԪӤߣУΪϵ֮ôܹ򵽲⾳ڶ㣬ʹΪӽϵܶԸʮĸ֡
ĺɫʱѲ֪гԶһɽȴڴʱһ˿ɱƽʱһͣ˽Ų
벻ħ׽̵ʮϣô׷ȻԷƹĵϤޱȣȴֻһģĵͼȻ
Ȼˣʮλħ׽̵ĳϣɡ
䣬˵ʱԪѰתȥǰ취ҪԷʮ˾ʲôΪȫ֮ߡ
ɱƽһ¶ʮӰʮ˵ΪԶǰǳӿɱȣʶܹӦõʮ棬߸Ѿﵽ龳۷壬һܺϵ
һʱҲ޷Īϵ֮
ţϲɵһ亹ЩΪͣˣʵʵΪǲطȶ֡αϵɱȡ
Сǰɱҽ˳ӣգˣҵȻȥܻǼ尾֮ࡣ
ʮ棬վһµߣֻһѷȥɷǣԪ򣬱Ȼ˾ǼΪɵǰ˭õȴһɱаأ
ħ׽ʮ֮׵ӣڰǰΪͻƣһϵǧ㳢ԣȻ⾳˴ﲻ޷ЩᲢۣһУȴްˮ֣˵һƱɱαϵ
˲˵ֻΪһӶֺαͷʮλԳ룬ΪЩɣ
һ䱸һ߽ԷĿֱԲ˵˳
ۣСܹһɱӣȻ龳ڵΪǳǳУϵΪ˵Ҫɱν׾١
ٳٲ֣ȴΪЩɵԷǼط˵ӱЩ֮£ƴ֮£Щˣǲòʧ˻ȥصܷ


0342 ׷ɱ
˵СִԲڣҪʮ˶ˡ
һº࣬ͬԵˣһѪɫ£һȫһź֮УҲɱɭȻ
ҲѰ֮ͬӵʵʵĺϵΪѪµѪӣһѪа˺£ǲںˣҲͬай񾪡
ˣħ׽ʮΪߵģݽڽ룬ΪԵͣȻͬΪʮϣݣȻǵһء
ʮֵѹһ亹ǰͣԷΪΣ˿ֻһͷӣӵһ֮أ⾳ڶ㣡
ţɲ˲չһգۣӰʧȻٶٿ죬ӵùϵֵʶοϻ׷
Ҳһ˲䣬ʮ˾Ƶ׷ƮƮ࣬ɽʯ·һ˲䴩Խȥ
ʮϼڵΪٶȾȴ֮죬һ϶طǵ֮һʱ䣬ɱĴʢҪᱦ
֮ʱһ·ӣȴ֪ιʣԲȻμУǹʼΧ߲ɢһͷȥǲں֮еˣ֪ʱѼӣͷ
ֻʱ͸һЩʱĻΧƣХȻƶɵа֮֮ʱܷӳ
һȫѱ֣µǣĹ˲仯һԶŶſѪڳ
鼱֮£һˣĻɳֻ͡һ£ƤսһǹĶʱһУһ˻С
񾪲ɵɫһ䣬⡰ᦡɣÿ겻֪Ҫι϶˵ĻǣжδͽС˻ȥ
ʲô׷
һСС龳ĺ˴£ܹжԶ϶˶ԷʲôרĶᦡ
ˣĪҪˣ
һ׷ȻϵΪ۷徳ΪҲС
ֻһ죬һâֳԪӤȻȴϵãİӤؼκԪӤ
ȻԪӤ֮һֳâϣȴһ˲ʯһ㣬ɢȫޡ
һ֮ʣɱ֣һƴһоĲ֮£֮ǧ˿һ㣬ɲǼ֮УӦ˫ѳױڣκһ˿Ϣ
ΪƳĶߣʩչͬʱһĻҲķɳɲǼ㽫ʬΪ˻ҽں˿һɫĻᶼûС

ۼѾԪӤ֮˽ȻȴͻȻڶԷĹ𣬺漸˾һǷӦѳҹĻ֣ʩչ˲ǬɲǼѶǧ֮⡣
ˣ
λϵĳͬʱͣǵʶ׷ĸӦȻ֪Է˿Ѿǧ֮ˣͨʹһСС龳֮ˣһ˲ݳǧĪʧ˱¡سɴ硱Ǵĳ˲Ʒ
СЩ˿ܲһͨ񾳺
һ̣ڱһʼֻǵĶԷƴٵбĻǻȥȻܷȴһˣոնԷ˲ݳǧ˵ùȥ֮ô˵
˿ܿǺɫǺɫĿģȻǴΪڲɱֶΣʲôɱֶΣ龳۷Ϊ˲֮ҲûУ
׷ӳƹ
ͨһΣҲҪסˣΪЩΪ˴ĹԾӳƹһ鵽ֵ񣬿ɾͳ˱Ľɵ֮ˡ

˵һҹӣȻеƣžһƬɽ棬㴫ϵϵǿϢ
û뵽Щ˾ô׷Ҫڴʱʩչһ˲ǬҲǲɣֻһƱԪӽݽߣʱٱ׷ϣֲ
˼䣬˱Ѿ׷һΣϵĳ϶־ڱصãѪӺԥ֪˸ʲôһָԲʮʱѪ˲㽫С
ˡ
ŵһǺѪζʱ֪ԷƵУⲢԪӤĳаƣҪƿƣһ
ݣ
ȻӺնɲһչ˲˿ȥȻǰȫѪһƬʮ֮㿴УʶҲ裬ӵõ
ҲͻϵҪɱϵĳϣνѴ֮ͬһֻô򵥣ֻҪͻϵô⾳ߣϵ֮ڣҲ޷


0343 һң
ܿ죬߾ҲѪ֮УǾȴѪƣ鼱֮£ҧ⣬һھѪһھѪʱǰγһѪĻѪĻƽƣ˲Ϣȥ
ȻҲŹЦѪԪƽơ
ˡ
Ѫ΢΢һû뵽˾ƿѪƣСϾжܣ
׷
˿ǰ׷ȥѪԪʱɫԲ԰ףۼ˴Ѫ˳²ϸ˼ٴָӡһ˲佫˲Ǭʩչ˳ʧããؼ䡣
ֶݳǧ֮ˡǿǷ
ϵĳͣ׷ĻѴǰΣǸ׷ϡ
ҸոտڽӡĪĳʧ
˵ţĿ⣬֪ģܹ˲Ϣݳǧֻһ֣ǱǧѪ֮ǴΪѪԪûܹΡ
׷ȥ
һݣһִ̣⣬ǿʼ׷֮Ҳӵ
Ǵ˿ȴڽԷסˣҪбȫʩչһסԷʱǹǷκ©һʼֱס˴ˣ֪˾Ȼǧأ
ȥʮ죬ʮÿһձҪʩչһ˲Ǭ˲ӵùϵֵ׷ɱڼ䣬ҲԻѪɱ龳۷ĳϣʱգԷʣˡ
ڼƵض˲ǬȴδһԪݽߣÿζһĸо⾳ĸ򣬸һ֡
δζѪԪ˽ƣȴʹɫ԰ףѪɫȥɣããһƬɽȴ
ļƻȵƹ۶취ȥϵ׷ڶʮˣһ·ȴ۶ӰӣƹشԽԽԶˣȻ֮ǰںŵͼ
Сѣˡ
ʱһͨ׷ֱӴԺɫһ±øӲ԰ף׷ˣȻѲ֮ң˵Ϊԣ֮ң֮ͨ䡣
ʱգ˶ĵϸѴ壬Ҳټ׷ˣձҪֱӽסҹζ࣬ǿѾˣΪԷѾǭ¿ˡ
˿ɫ԰ףܹоõԼԲ⾳ĸ򼴽ͻһ㣬ʱΪҲضͻһ磬ֱϵ
ʱҪɱˣֻһ֮ѣͻ֮ǰ˵Ķ֡
һ㣬ҪҸطͻƣȥԷǺҲڵ˵۶ʱ˵׷ɱ
˵ϢƽˣԶʵƲ㣬Ҳҷӿһ̣磬һΣиܵˣԵǻζ
˵ûĲпᣬԶԪܱȣһʵΪĵطձ׷ϣ޷ͻƾ磬ôɣͻƾ磬˱ɡ
һ֮ңĸоᵽˣǰδйŨҵᣬҲδйǿҵ֮
£ǶԽããɳĮɱž׷ɱֻǻصԪһС
УһУ޷̵ᵽʱǰ
ǽգʱ˿̣֮κʱҪǿңΪҪţһŵɡҪطɣ֮ȥδ룡
¡
ȻһϵϵϢȻƽˣ侲ٲԥһ˲ָӡӰʧԭأ˲ǬʱӰѾƾճ֮⣬ֻ˲ļˡ
ǡ
һ֪ɽȴܵ˴˵һ쳣ܵؽʶ̽ȥȻʶ̽ʮȴһǿĽ衣
ܵһƺ֪оȣΪƣʶҲ׷
ٲԥǽڶȥȵʱǰһĻȴ΢΢һֻǰɽйоѺۣЩˡϴαƹѵЩˣ
⼸ˣƹľӣԼǰϵĹߣЩԾؼҲ޹йΣƹѺۣѺΪڣʲô顭
£ȴܲô࣬취棬ʱܿħ׽ʮϵ׷ɱ½ͻƾΨһᡣ


0344 
ôɽȣݵһǣƬĽȻɣСɽȱԵƾʶҵ֮ķ϶Ϣ˽ȥ
Ȼֻ΢󷨣Ҳϵߵע⣬סϢʯ棬ҲҶһ¡
Һɽ̫󣬵棬һʶˣʶ̽쵽ʲôϵκη紵ݶҲˡ
ֱߵעתƿżСɽǱ룬һ·̫ʿѲߣ費֣Ŀǰ״̬⡣
ɽɽеȻγɣеھãǹ˴֮˾ס˵ȻƹڴѺۣѾһˣϴˣӦһģǰȥģö֪
ҲȥЩ£֮Ҫħ׽ʮ׷֮ǰҵһεɽ跨ͻƾ硣
ڣһҵһɽªɼľɣıѳʪù͸һɳζòסˡ
ɽһ㲻ǽƽҲѡһΣ֮ؽ⾳ͻơ
⾳ͻȾͻƸСĽһţֻԶ޷ֲغͻƵĹؼʱڣ˵ϵĸֻ֣жʮеӣҲشԶֲָ
Щ֮ڽΪͻ֮ʱǰؽƣȻչأյġ
ħ׽̡ĳǺϵɹ㸲֮ա
֮ԥ̾ţ漴Ԫ߱ȫ˲Ϣһֿ״̬ʹܹõĸ⾳
ʱعȥʱ棬ħ׽̵ʮϻʣˣʱҲѾ׷ɽ档
ꡭƹ̵ˡ
ȥϢû뵽ƹȻôˣŲ֪ʲô顣
˺͸̵Ĺϵһ΢ȷУҲѣ˸ɴڸ֮ڣЩط̾ȥΧˣΪ˴˵жԣ˭Ҳûкôֻõй롣
Сӡǽˡ
ѪӺ͹ǸӦõϵ׷ǸӦϵģ˵Էɽ档
ô죿
˶üסСӣڱصã˭ȴƹʲôСӸ˽ȥ
ƽ̾ˮˮƹصأӲȥƱ˫ͻƾһħ׽̣ԶԶƹ̵Ķ֡
ô죿
ʮ֮ףʱѪӺͲںĹ񾪶ȥϣܾøϣҪ޹Ļ»ܵط
롭
ͻȻ䣬쳣ԭȥɷǵʱȴǺˣ˲ֱӡ
Ȼֻ˸ӡѪӡ񾪵ʶ֮̽Уʱ˵ֻܹˡ
ѪӺ͹񾪼ȻԼʶ񺣣Щ⣬ʵӣʲô
ֻ棬ʶƮգ˵ģĿ΢ɱ֣ƽմΣ
ѪӺ͹ֱţһѾʶʲôֻ˴ǾƴСӴȥЩ͹Ҳֲǡ
û
ӺˣΪҵ֮ϣһãѲǰǰǣξƴȫСӸȥʲôô޷һ䡮´󹦣Ǹˣˣ硯ˣ
Խ˵ѪӺ͹ҲԽǸе߷ߣΪħ׽ºͣǣ̶̰꣬ħ׽ʢһ˵
Ѫӵӣֱ˵޷Ҫ
Ŀ⣬СϵĹͷӦǶˣ׷Ǹ׷˹ͷΪãΣ
ѪӺ͹һԭҪ˽Щ
ӼԽգΣҲҪסˣȻƿƹĽƣ裬±ɱˣɽȣҲҪסˣϧ
Խ˵ѪӺ͹ԽǸеϮͷĻħ׽̺ƹͬˮˣʱǱ㲻ٻħ׽ˣһ̣Ƕӵ˼Ҫ˽̱ˡ


0345 
ѪӺ͹񾪾еЩѪӵˡӣĪǲ֪׷𣿵ʱȴ֮أաȥ԰
֪
޹ˣΪδǣ
ѪӺ͹󶼳ĬˣӼϵĶδǲֻҪõЩʱղǻʲô಻ʱħڣǡ
ħڣ
һħڣ֣ͷһ켶˶ҽħڣУȥħڣ𣿿֮󣬳ħڣȴҲûطܹ˵׷ɱˡ
棬˳Լɡ
ӱۣ˵
ѪӺ͹񾪳˼ã޹طʹǰС׽ȥҲûʲôôһֱ˳ܣѹ޳ͷ֮ա
ˣգȥħڣȥħڣֻҪŹȥˣ޳ɾ񹦣ȵٳʱֺξ˵׷ɱ
ã
һ̣ͬʱص˵ͷȻѾðգҲ׸

΢΢ͷŶ˵ҼƻȻҵСӺҸһɱѪӣ㸺Ѫס
˵˴ؿѪӣɫصҪ֤һ˲סԱԪӤȥĶʱ취ԪӤ
ãġ
Ѫӵ˵ͷ񾪿ȥ񾪣㸺ԶԪмǣĶʳԪԪսҳЩڡ
á
񾪵˵ͷ˵Ǵβ֪ôƺСӺڻˣӦǳ˯ţҵȻʩһʱ޷

΢΢ͷһºࣺˣһΣɡ
˵꣬ʶ̻ص棬ʱ棬ȴֻȥ̶Ƭ̶ѣ˼ǳ˼ôһһǰСĽʵƳϣô죿
ӵǱҪȥƹ֮ΪУҲҪסˡ
󣬾һѵҪȥǿƹĽƲɣһͽħ׽ƹƲľ
Ӽ˻Щԥ˴֮£ʲôһ˳е
ôһ˵ּλϵĳ϶ѾҲٶ˵ʲôɽȽǱȥˡ
˼ȻѾ¶ôȻҲηηţ֪ɽϵĹߣҪԸҲķѶٹˣǾ͸졣
¡
һ죬ֱɽĽƹȥʱɽȾһҴܡ
˶һΪʧ⣬ȻͻȻֵߵӰ˾һһϵϢѹ֮£·Ҳֹͣˡ
ʲôˣ
ϵһʲô˸£
徹ħ׽̵ʮϺ˾еЩ죬˸һˮˮһССħ׽˰ﶥǳʲôıӵŹ֮¡
ħ׽̵ˣǷ
ϵʱ˰УȻӵȴţȻϹɽȽƣɽ𵴵ԽԽˡ
ʱɽ棬ϥĿԲ⾳ڶ㣬ʱɽȴȻҲ֪ħ׽̵ʮѾ׷ˣ˿Ľơ
ֻû뵽Ϊ˽סħ׽̾Ȼϧƹԣͬ볯͢ԣӣҲŹԼˡ
¡¡
ԽԽˣüĽһ亹ڹؼʱڣܲôţʱץסɡ
ȻԽˣԽҪ侲ʱģͻƣҲȻʧܣֻɽȵĽܹŵͻƾ硣
ָֻһüһ㣬׷Ҳȥ淢ʲôƸˡ
˿棬ۼħ׽߸˵ĹԽԽͣϵ߲ɵô󾪣ħ׽̵˽ôˣ˹ȻԿ̡
ħ׽̵ˣͣ¹Ը
īɫ۵˷Ȼ壬˾Ƿһȫǵľ޶ãڲϹɽȽơ
ģɽȽѾѺۣϵɫ䣬ƿƣʱɽʧأǺֱ޷
ħ׽̵ĵѣס֣
ɫµɫ󾪣ۼ˽һ̽ƣһֻ̣úȰ˵
ʱͣȻѾˣǱҲûκι˼ɿԣκε·ǰˣֻһ䣬ɱˣص̴򿪽ƣ


0346 
ۼ漸ħ׽̵ĳɱ䣬ɽ˸λϵĹʹڴˣȻ̲ס
īߺߣʱͬľ֪ħ׽̾ʲôѵǲ֪ʲôط𣿾ҹȻԡ
߶˶ŬʹԼʵħ׽̵ĵѣաΪΣ
ҪϻϷٲ򿪽ƣ˹Ȼҷһ
䣬˵ʱ̧ƣֻ죬Ϣɽһϵѹȣ
ܹλʹҲϵϵÿһ㣬ż࣬Ȼλʹߵʵħ׽̵ĳϣǰߺϵһ㣬㡣
˿̣ۼħ׽Ҫ֣ɫȻһ䣬Զ˷Ը򿪽ƣ
䲻֪ħ׽ʲôǴ˿ƿƵĻôɽȶܻҷ𣬵ʱΨл
ԶƹЩӣս˿Ҳħ׽̼ϵļŵòҶʱʹ̱ȥ˸󷨵š
ֻƻ򿪣һ̤룬ҷɽȣκһ˳ȥ
ɽ棬ǱץѺ۵ߣƹľӣǹ̵ˣһ̶סˣȫվԭزҶǺɣǰϵħ׽̳ϣֻ봵ǻҷ
ߺīסľͬʱӿȥ߲ΡΡλѣôˡ
ȥĿ⣺֮ǰ׷ɱһˣӽɽˣ
ôһ˵λʹ˿ԭֻˣߵǡʦش˴ڼ䲢δκˡ
ϻ
ӵһۣŭȥѣǧ򶴣һϸѣֿ֮ˣҴ
Ǵ˴̫һʶѰˣκδ˴쳣ʶ裬ĸӦҲʧˡ
߲ҲӣͬΪϵԷһԼҲҪˣ˿ֻʿԸȥѣ
ǧСɽȥȻĿ⺮䣬عͷԪӤϿȥˣҲȥѰ죡
߼ĸԪӤҪȣƻ˴æ˴

ƬԲһƽ𿪣ָϷ˵ǰͷһڣҲˣұ㽫˹飬ֱҵΪֹ
ԾΣΪ˾ץȻ뿪ƹǲϧһдۣǽɱˣȻʩѻ󷨣Ҳ뾡ҵȥΪԽӣ׷ɱļҲԽ͡
߼ɱɭȻԥĹ̵ӵȫ붴Ѳ
Щ̵ƽ߸ϣκ˷ǿ־֣ʵ壬Էκι˼֮ôʣµģֻʵǿ
ܿ죬ƹʿǹ̵ӣһ̶һССɽѰȥκһҲҲŹ
վ棬˫üһΣҲûκ·ƹΧҶݲħ׽̣Ҳݲ¾һ𣬾Ѿûκ·
ʱһȥ˿̣εɽ棬ȻϥĿ֪ѾʼѰˣ˿̣ҲѾûκ·Ƹһԣͻƣ
洫ĶԽԽ󣬼֮ǰȥڶܹܵõЩѾԽԽˡ
Ǵ˿̣һĸ⾳ֻµһ㣬ʱΪһ磬Ȼڵ˼ȴǱʲôסһԺﷴֵģȫڶ䣬ȴҲ޷ǰ
ηͻһ㣿
ۼŲѱ亹ʪ˴ƬȻ뵽ʦնԼ˵Ļסжͣ򡭡
һɲǣԺһ·ֻصյ壬ʦÿһ仰ڶߡ
ʦԼ࣬ʱԼȴʱףϸϸʱʦͷ·ܹȥδһ·ʱѾ֪ˣԼڴˡ
гһգΪԾȥ֮ʱסã򲻱䣬Գתķءﻻơı˿֮ݹȫ֣ܷһͻơ
ʦ
Ȼ۾ѵʦжȥδıĪʮǰѾ˽Լ֣֮ʱѵ㻯Լ
Ȼ䣬һЩ֮ǰǴ˼ȴȥ򣬵һȥ̳׷ز飬ʱԼδĻǻУȴʦ·ʦԼƿ󣬵ǸʱԼôʦ
кһΣ˼⣬Ǵȥɱžҹµ˽⿪ԪӤأǴҲ·ʦڶϸԼԪӤʱʵʵþʦһôܣ
һУԽòѰͺǣÿһԺﶼʦȻԼ⿪ָ֣оǣʦǰһС


0347 
һ̣䷢ʲôʱѲԥ̽ķתķ⾳ϣһγô
һ˲䣬һ˿˿֮߱ȫѨԺҲƽﲻͬľ󺣳䣬϶תƣճ䡣
ҲֻǺһʯһƬҶһɳε֮䣬𡭡
ʱȥһ㣬δҵεɽʱɽȿڣǧ򶴣ЩҲ֪ΪλͻȻе˲֮һָоҪҵ
ʹ߼ʱѹȥһ㣬ȴδҵʱҲЩżӼ˻ΪѰˣٵɽȡ
ȥˣϸң
ʹ˿һۣȵϣѾһ亹
ˡ
ʱӺȻһʹϺȻһɫɷ׵Ƶѣɽٲãǡ
ÿ
ʮֵͳ˵꣬һƽѪԣɽ̫쳣ʶ裬ֻðնѻ󷨣һ
á
Ѫ˸ԥһһӴм䣬̴ͬʱָüһĨһӡʱ֡
һɲǣĻǧ˿ƣÿһɽɢȥʶڣӺǼεɽ淢Ŀϥ˹
ҵˣ
ӶȻ۾ָһԱһԪӤϵĶͷȥһȥ޷ֱɱӡԪ񣡡
ԪӤյԥһɽȥ
ߣӻչȻѪӺ͹ѻСĽչ֮ʣҲܳ⣬ضش
Сڳͻƾ磬깥һ£أܲˡ
ɫЩ԰ףȻΪ˹һ£ҲСѪӺ͹񾪴˿չ˿Ҵ⣬ڹʹߣʱֻվһԿţҲҶһ¡
ͬʱɽ棬ֻԾϥĿǴ˿̣˫۽ȴѪЩ£Ȼոӹһ£˼صķ֮ˡ
ĽŲԽԽһӰ˶ڣǸոձǸԪӤϣʱһԥ˲һɽȥ
ʱһߣڽʱۡ
һɲǣЪˣҲֹˣԪӤϿһ˫Ѫɫ۾Ҳˣ˫۽ڣͨһϵȥҲûκһ˿Ϣ
Ӣľϣ
һµԪӤϳ˽ѾӢľʱϲɵһܵȥ
ȻԷһ˫Ѫ۾ʱӣ˶ʱһϣǺһ˫εĴֶסˣϢʧȥҲͬӢľһͨһ˵ϡ

˵һۣڸոһ괴ˣһ˫ڲͣѪԵùֲֿһɽȥ
ʱ棬սŶ£̵ʹߣѾɽ棬ֻ˳
ડડડ
˵Ⱥ֮ɽڴһĽŲǽŲԽԽɽ̫ڣȴʲô߳ˡ
һ̣˶еһϢѹָУ׷ȥϵʹߣһҲеһĪѹָоһһͷǿҪ
ڣǵӰˣ˿֮ȴ͵һϣ˲վԭزҶˡ
Ҳһ£ɫһ±øӲ԰ˣСӳˣҲ˵ոսȥλϣѾˡ

ѪһȣʣԪӤʱȥһ߳ǰߣȻ˫Ѫ֮ʱһվԭزˣһ̣ͨأȥ
Χ˽ԱһĻŵëȻһ龳۷ԪӤߣö˶˵ģһҲûܣôͺȻˣ
һԪӤϼһĻʱŵĵѣҪߣһ죬һ֮˲佫˰УȻͷӲ˹
㡭
һ˫Ѫ֮ʱԪӤϵֻ۾Ҳʧȥɫʣģκһ˿Ϣͨһ˵ϣ֪Լġ
һ̣˶ס˺˹ֶΣɱ۷ԪӤߣڳ֮޲ŵɫɷף˸ȥһ˫µѪۣ·ֻҪһۣͻһ˲䱻ߡ


0348 
ʮ棬ھֻʣӡѪӡϵĳˣһĻ̫ͻȻǹϵߣһҲԭء

̧ͷѪѪᣬ£֪ΪΣ˿֮ȴһǵС֮ʱ·һĻĻǴʱ˿̶ˡ
޳
Ⱥ֮ʱѪӺȻһȣֻ˫ֲסӡҲ˹аѪ䡱ֻѪԪԪΪʩʱٴԷֻ֣Ҫһ䣬ӵ
һĻͬͻȻ˻ӦѪѳɣֻһѪȥɲǼ䣬㽫ŨŨѪ֮УԲɣѪɢŵøæԶȥ
СӣҽѪԪԪձضһأ
Ѫ˫ҲѪ˿ǿϲǵ򲻵ѣԪ
ֻ˫ֲϽӡǲϣһһѪ֣ѪӡȻѪĽƣڽУѪ֮֮ǣ롣
ӺѪʩϣɽУѪȥȹֿ£˶Ҷ̵ĺϵʹߣǲҶ԰䡣
סô
Ѫȥոʩչѻ󷨣˵괴Ҳֱͬ˿ָ̣
ˡ
ѪЩЦЦȻ˵֮ʣѪ֮кȻнŲ
ડડડ
һŲصɽһɲǣ˷㾲ţΨŲصһһǲ˵ͷϣÿһ˶Ҫ̲סһ¡
ģԽԽԽԽǿҪϢһ˶ĿתضѪѪӸ˫ĿԲҲţѵԼѪ䣬˿ҲûУԲܣ
Ѫɷ
ѪһȣһҲ˲ô࣬ҧ⣬һھѪ˲ǰγһѪӡֻ˫һָѪӡѪȥ
ȻѪɷӡɹȥѪӺȻһϣһ৵һ±òҰףκһ˿Ѫɫ
Ѫӣ
һһ̣˻عֻѪ棬߳һӰ˿ǰţѪӱǸձס˺һ˫㻺뿪棬۾ҲѪ˿á

䣬һֵεĲһ˲Ѫӵֻһ֮䡣
ֻ˫Ѫͫ׽Ŵ󣬵Ҳţһ˵ġ֡
ǡ
Χ˳׾סˣܹţһϵĸ֣Ȼһɱ
紵˵һɹգ⾿ʲôɱֶΣа֪
һ䣬ٴУǲںĹ񾪿ȥ񾪼Լ˵ҪߣȻߵˣ
һ죬ָһӲǺק˳ſģԭһĻӡĹ֮ʿ
ȡ˵ĻаͷǼµаˣȻʱץס˿á
㡭
񾪴ʧɫһ¼˶ᦣӭɲǼʮɣɽȶʱǧХ֮£˲Ϣȥ
Ȼƺһ£֮ǰʩ䷨ж˯ڶᦵʮ
η壬һһֱӴǶд˺÷飬񾪸ȻҪȴ˲ǰ顱һָͷ֮УѪʱѪð

񾪷һƺߣ˫ͫ𽥷ŴʧȥɫҲţױһɱ
һ̣˸ŵĵѣϵĸ֣ɱϵĸ֣Ѵ֮ħתô
㡭Ҳ
䣬ٴеӿȥһɲǵĿ⣬Ǻ׹ԨǴ˿˫Ѫ˫ۣ˿־岻ѡ
ֲ˫һӶپëȻһ˲䣬ҲԥһھѪһѪ֣գۼʧããʡ
Ѫ֮ӲϧĽԪʩչҪӻħ׽̣Ψӻħ׽̣˱֮£


0349 ħ׽
Ӳˡ
ͳЩ£䣬һ󼲷磬Ӷߵ׷ȥ
Ӳӵõ׷һ֮ǰ괴һӡǣֻҪӡǲӵܹӦõ
ɽһ㣬ȥʣŵϵļʬ塣
ϵʹҲŵñ亹乣ǿѪӺ͹񾪲һ̣ͷ·ԼҲһ
ΪϵڵؼǿĴˣǸղţղǷ·оԼСϣڱƿ֮Уڱ˵һ֮䣬ϵС

ʱһɽ·ֻǰٲ齦񣬻ˮϣһ̶
ߵ̶ߣˮеӰ۽ǱߵѪЩĿģҲ֪δѿˣǷۡ
̶ˮϴȥѪ֮ǰ⾳Ĺؼʱ̣ȴ͵Ϯʶ֮ⷴˡ
ʱѾ˲⾳ĵڶ㣬ģǡΪ磬ҲһɲǵõȴΪͻȻϮƵòֹͻƣûܳɹϵ
ڵΪ磬ͣҲ֪ƺ۷ϵ֮䣬Ϊ˴Ϯ´ҪͻƣҲ֪᲻ˡ
һ;УʮΪ¾൱ʮϿɳ𵤣һ㵽Уɳɹᵤʱᵤߡ
Ϊ顱ɳԪӤ֮һˮ룬һ˼ʹУҲδܳɹԪӤֻҪδԪӤɳᵤߡ
ҪԪӤҪİУԪӤԪӤߣʱȻͬǡ龳ȴᵤ֮
ϣﵽУɳԡϵ񡱡顱ΪһﵽǺϵɹӴ̤롰ϵ
ϵһˮ룬̤ϵôԪ
ﵽϵ֮ҪһһʮּѣһҲ޷޷⾳ôվǳԪʱֻֻһ
̤֮롰˾֡顱롰ʵôֻǱһϵʵǿ࣬ġʵôδϵһȣɷ֮
֮ϣǡ磬磬˵һССһ㣬ʵҲڼ䡰񡱣Ǿ͸ӷǷˣ벽̤ɣͬ龳ԪӤᵤ֮
ڣΪ棬Ȼδһ̤ϵȴѾԼ⾳ֵò֮ʵĻ֮£֣ǿĺϵ֣Ҳ˲
ĳϵ֮ա
һֻ̧̣ƣĻĻһ±ݺ֮ˣ֮ˣȻԪֻͨı£Ȼ֪ݣĳϵɹҲһὫ㾾
ɽ绺شƽĵףҪȥħ׽ֻ̣׷ɱӣҪǣҪȥħ׽һ
˿ֻȡһ͡һƬƬ飬ǰںĵͼͼȻǼٵġ
Ϊͳεԭ򣬲ŵ¶ͼϡȱим٣ѱ棬ڣҪһĵͼ
ΨҵһĶ½ͼҵDȡڣãȥѰңҵʮϰ꣬Ҳδҵõɣҵʱ򣬿δȴѲˡ
ڣҪȥħ׽̣ŰɣɢµؼһЩûж½ĵͼˣһĵͼ½ĵͼ

֮Ӳֻǵӻħ׽̣ɽѾһ㼫ؽƣȻǰ뿴ʮ棬оŸϵˣ֪ʮŸֻʣ˻
ǡƳϣ
Ѳӵļٸħ׽̵ӿǴϻˣҲһȴδ򿪽ƣӽ
Ӵʱ·ɥ֮ȮһǱĵֲѣڼصħ׽̣Ȼ־֣ÿÿһۣܿһ˫Ѫ۾̫ˣȴɵġ
򿪽ƣ죡
Ŭʱȴе·ǸɱѾ׷һ־岻
ħ׽ڵӼһĪĴϣվȻ˷ҲŵֻŽңæ˽ƣȻʱһɱ亮˹˶˸ͬʱͣ
ϡ㣬󡭡
еӣһǱ˻һվԭضҲҶһˣȫ־ţ󻺻ֵǵӰ


0350 
һס˺һֿ־壿·Ԩһתͻ£ǣתͲ֪һѽѾݵˣʲôʱնͷ­
һɲǣһ㺮忪ʼزܹеظܵһɺ⣬һɱ󣬽߽
ƾ㡭ɱϷ룡
ֻ˫ԲȻһȣתһѪâնȥһָܹǽһħ׽ȥ
ʱħ׽ҲڳһӰһ׷ӣ˪ħ׽һεĽ롣

ӿֺץסһݣƴطɹȥȻվδɳɾ룬һѺɭɭĳѴӺ洩ĺ

Ҳţֻһ㣬ֻһܷɵˣǴ˿̣븺ֶ߳䵭˿ûдҪ
̡
ǲʣѪðĺ룬һȥ
ˣĿ⺮䣬޶ԣոϳļǧӣǰһĻһҲˡ
ͣ
һ죬ѪĽӵֱ۱⽣նˣϷʹĲҽС
Ȼʱ뿴ûдҪȣĿ⣬Ǻصİһ
̡
һδ˵꣬âַ˻˲նͷ­Ѫֱʮɸߣڲ֮£ҲѲˡ
ϣ
ӱնףڵηѣǰɱڵ˵˭ȻŽ棬ɱ˴ϡ
һ̣˶еһ󲻺
һ죬ٻ˺⽣ѽ֮ǰڲؽɽׯģ񽣣ҲǡׯԣٺõĽһɱ֮
˿뿴һȻΪĿͬ䣬˴˿ţǽϵĺâһá
ֱѲʮ֮ԶؿڣʮϾ֣֮֮ĶԹˡ
ڵһʮϾȻɱˣǸеһһ̷·׹޵׵ĺ̶Ԩһ㣬ˣʲôˣ
Ϊء
Ŷ
һ䣬֮ǰʮȥôˣҲû뵽˾ʮȫ֣뱨𣬵Ǵֶ޾԰ܹɱˣˣֻܶһ²һ¡
˿˫ǸĿһϣص㻹ΣѵΪУ
Ҳܡ
䣬ǲκһ˿飺ҽ˽̵ģֻ˳ȡߡ
һո̵˼㣬˶˵˲һ㺮
̣ȡ
һ𣬷Բʱԭһ±úֻ֣һУǺȻһѪâһѪɫ󵶣
˵ԻѪɷա½֮ҡʱԴ˵նɱԪӤߣϵ֣һ·ͻΧղ˽֮λ
˵ʱ𣬾ͱüѪÿҪԪӤΪ֮˵Ѫٴν⵶ٵӾеһΪƽǼѿô˵ֻ˵һѪ飬
ȻƲԳԷƣǱգѪѪɷ
ֻ뻺гһ±øӺˣнյλǾ;ǵС֮ˣȻִҪΪУҲһ
ȥ
һȣʱѪʢһѪâֱХն˹ȥ
˵ǱˣδѸеЩʹǵѪϢеЩ

һ죬⽣סѪɷĹȻȴһ˳ʮɡ
Цһ˫һ̤ɵ棬һâȥУһնȥһ㣡꣡
һƲɵֱɽҲͻ֮ǰ˵Ҫһǵ磬Ҳش
¡
һ죬ֻһɽͷ˲䱻ն÷飬Ӱȴһ㣬ɲǼƳ˰ɾ룬ʱһɽ֮ϣƮƮһ㣬侲ؿ롣
ܴӱ굶ߣе˼
뷢һЦֱһ𣬵Сɷɷ֮ϴӵڴѵҲ˲һѪ͸һŨŨѪϢȥ


0351 ħ
±߼ǧħ׽̵ӣһ̶ϢؿţܽУһֱһĴڣǰͻˣȴܹɱʮϵĴڣսܸĻո˵Ҫ̣ԼˣһҲɡ
á
Ŀɭ䣬Ѫһ˲նȥһƸͣŨŨѪ쵶âֱҲӳ˺ɫڳڵ޲ȻľǴδʱùĵʽ
ǵâƽֻеһɿֱҪȫһ㣬вԥɲһչɲǼ˰ɿ⡣
¡
һ죬ħɽһǺмɽͷ뵶֮»ҷ𣬻ĳ
˼
뿴һ˲ڰϽ¶ЦЩˣȻΪǶĳܹ˲ƵķȴƵóǶʲôŴδδߣԷʹһּĲ
㣡
Ȼ䣬뷢һȣгһָԭʵĲƣʱ죬һȼһɿֲϢ㸲ѹ޷͸
㡭
췭ĳƣڵסǽ֮ͨһ㡱ô֮£ӣġ½֮ҡƾͨһ·ɱߣջ
˿ֻ˫һţһնȥ췭ĳ棬Ҳһµĳ쵶âҪնپһƲɵ
ֻеһһĳȵϮвԥɲٴչĪ⡣
˶ðʱ䣬Χɽ뵶֮£Ҫôѻ飬Ҫô㱻ĳȵâΪҽ
˿ֻ̣쵶âնɱ֮У϶ţħ׽̵ĵӴ඼ס˺ԹۣҲеӼռϷ磬׷ź
ȻʱֻԼ֣֮ռϷ磬ʵԷĪ⣬һҲδնУöԷ͸ĵ·
˿веֺȻ˾ʲôΪδ˵ؼһˣ
ΪԼ֮£ȴΪԶԸֲʮϾڴĪǴˡǴ켶ģ
뵽˴иЩȻɲ¶ɫֻһᵶնȥȻһΣȴδ㿪ǹһƾʧˣһ˲䣬ȴһ
ˡ
һɲǣʱ֪ѾʲôȴΪʱתȥʱһϣ䡱һؽ߷ȥ

ͻȻıʣüǧħ׽̵Ӹɫ䣬ǽռϷ磬ǱӴܣΪδȴȻΪʤش˽
ǳǳУȻֲˣոǱӴܣʵ뵶·ԡڴ뷢֮ʱˡ
ڣǰ˵Ŀ£ܹϢڴؼʱٸһʮڴ£Ҳԩˡ
󣡡
Իָ侲һ£·ǧˡħ󡱣ħ׽ķɽʮ˴СΪţ֮á
˿̣ڼǧȫ֮£ħһ˲ֻǰУ̼仯˳Ȼ𺣣˵ϣǵصȥ
֮ǿ󣬺ܿ죬Ļ𺣱ѽУΣ˿ɫأЩҰףܹ뵽ʵǿֻһʱ̰ȴʧأЩħ׽̴֮֡
Ƭ̣ħǧά֮£ȶǳɫĻ棬Ҳ𽥱ɫһ㣬ħɽš
һƽȻȴһɲǣȻеһĪϢ̧ͷȥֻ𺣺Ȼӿħ׽̵ȻһҪס֮ʱȴǻ֮УȻ߳һӰ
ȫһɫһɫ𣬰Ļֵ⣬˫ͫҲӳɫӰӣȥڵӶˣ˾ȻħҲ޾壡
ǧ֮ʱȴȻеһϣһɲǣǺ˶סһһɱϢ˲߱ȫҲ޷ֻڱһ֮䡣
ӻ߳΢̧һ̲żǧ˵ؿǵһ֮䣬㻹㷴ô
㡭
ɫ԰ףҪٴ˹ȴȻеһϢֻ˫أҲǱնסһҲ޷
Ҳһ֮䣬㡭Ҫ
ؿ룬ܲȻΪڶԷڴ˼һ̤ĸ֣ҪЩס
㡭ٺ١
ȻһЦ֪޷ӹ˲ݱͨѪɷһӣ˵ɣ
һƻԪ
񵭵ȻĴɱ룬룬һ֮ԲɱˣΪ˶ԣŴá


0352 ϣ
һҪԼһƻԪ˼֣֣ǽһƻԪпɱڣֻ붯̱ȡ
뵱ٶǰ½֮ʱ죬񽻳һƻԪʲôɣ
Ԫһ˵ԪԴ֣ƱشƣڶԷ£Ϊ˻ȥò
ٺ٣á
ЦһȻָһԼüĵȥһֻ̣һ̴ü˳ڵӼһĻŵòҶҲԸʽԪڴˣ
ʱ˿̣ȻĿ䵭ָһĻԪһö㵱УʧȥһƻԪ룬һɫȥӲ԰ˣǼһͷ׷ȥǺȻ˼ʮһ
Ԫѽ㣬˵ɣҪ
뿴ǰĮˣ֪ԷɱԼôֻһֿܣԼüֵмֵܱûмֵãûмֵղˡ
صˣǷŶ½ĵͼ
һᵽľǶ½ͼʲôвһҪ½ĵͼĪǶ½ˣ˵ȥ켶
ǷĵͼҲ֪ÿɣһݵͼ
뿴˵ûбҪ˵ѣΪʱĻԪڶԷ˵ѣԷʱ֪
ħ׽̵ĵͼҡ
Ȼϣһ޵ĺϢȴ벻ԥ漸ӵȥͼȡ
պ䣬ǶŵĵѣǼӻع̻Żȥ
ʱǼӱ㽫ħ׽̵ݵͼȡ˹ʸ룬һ죬ѽǷݵͼȡ̯ǰֻͼɽˮݵͼм٣ƹܱ߼ҵĵͼ
½ޱ޾ֻһݵͼ̫Сˣ켶İͼƾһССĵͼҵǕDڣܡ
Ǵ˿̣һļƻȴ𽥳ͣŰɣÿɶһݵͼ˵ĵͼм٣ҪõһĵͼôҪȥÿɵĵͼ
һƻǷģڵؼʵΣҲȥǣȴҪȥÿͼ
֪ܷ񣬵ȴòΪ֮ΪҪҵDڣҵɣ֮Ȼ뿪
Ҳ֪ΪΣܸоٹã½ͻһµĶңһؾ䣬УҪҵɣ֮ȥδ롣
뵽˴ԥͼ䣬뿴һۣߡ䣬˫һ̤ħɽȥ
漸ǧӿһۣµĻҵʮ϶ѲڣҲ֪Ҫȥʲôվǲٻصˣ˵ʲôȴʲôҲû˵˫һţȥ

ڵӼһ仰Ҳ¾ˣ˶׷ȥȻҲֻӰԽԽԶʧ
뿪ħ׽̰֮ͣ뿴һۣ䲻ȵ֪Ҫʲô
֪
ƽֻ֣Ҫܻȥʲôǲɵģ궫½֮ңΪ˻ǲֶΣ˫ȾѪʲô
á
΢ʵܹжٽɣ
һʮ˸ʵش
Ϊߵʲô硣
Ǭ뿲λഫΪҲֻǴţ˼λ
أ
׻ȸ䣬λϣмȵĹ
á
˵ͷһ̵񣬸ЩˣҲǡˡħ׽̣˶ϲ׷ŹԴУȷˣȥѵͼ˵˫ľҲѾǲݣǲֵøһ㡣
뿴ʱ񣬱Ҳеֺ䣬ң뵱ԼѾˣû뵽˱ԼʵΡ
ȥǧš
һ˵ƹԼҲȥˣ·ɻʡʱ䡣
ȵȡ
֪ʲô˵Ҫԣڵؼ򣬳λȻ֣²֪һ¡
¡ƽʵ
뿴Ȼֻڵؼ򣬵ȴ켶ţÿλ˽һЩҲܹڵؼԭԣ˲Ź㡣
켶ô
תһۣʲôˣεΪ
ҡҡͷֻλ֪˼Ȼ켶һλôΪϡ


0353 £
ô
˼Ϊĸ֣ǿԸˣʹԸˣҪȫҲʲô£ϵĸ֣ߵĻᶼûС
ʵˣܹؼ򣿡
ЦЦܺãϴ˴ζ½ʣ켶ѾؼˣǻһǰԣڿѾˡ
Ȼʲô
ɫȻһۣתǰȥˡ

Ѿڽǧţǧ״ʱشؿڣһѶϽԱŮţŮŵûʧɫ׵Ϊϵ߲㣬˵һҲֵס
ȿȡ
ǧѪϣȻа޾Ӷ࣬ҲһЩķĽɣǧű½ķ
ǧû뵽һŹڶԷŹ֮£ǲֵһᣬ˿ŹǶԷһǳţؼ򣬴δ˵ĸŵĹ
㡭
ǧؿڣŰǸĮˣҪ׷ɱˣû뵽δԷȴѾˡ
˿ڰУĮؿһУͬħ׽һǧŵļǧӣ˿Ҳֵؿǵֻǰ˵һ֮䡣
ǧŮŵɫɷףŮ㡭㾿׷ɱģǵδ
˵ˡ
ǧؿڣ̧ͷĮˣҼˣհ֣Ҫɱɱ£ܹŹǧˣӴǧš
Ŷ
䵭˶ɷ֮˿ǧŵ˿ǰˣɱ
ĮҲࣺͼ
ǧһԭǳ˵ĵͼϲɵһ鴤ж½ĵͼͼ滹ŸɵλϢÿﱣһݣ֡
ʱҲԶ˹ؿǧף»ǷȰһ䣬ʶʱΪܣѵͼɣ򡭡
˵˴ǧԵŮȥ绨ŮڴˣǿϧǷȪ֪
룬ͽұ죡
ǧȥȻЩǧ˵Ļ˵ˣƿ˭֪ȴƿˡ
ǡԸ
һЦһԡ
ֳգԽӱñ䣬ǧ׽ָմӿȥȥ鷿߹ӵ㣬һϻó
ǡ
Ӳԥȥˣʱ㽫һںɫϻȡ˳񵭵һ١
Цһȥϻĵͼȡ˳һ֪٣󡣡
߰ɡ
תȥ˼֮£Ҫȥǧںŭ룬ձˣŹ㣡
ͼʧ㻹รɡ
뵭һЦ˵䣬ٶԣ˫һţ׷ȥˣȥ˽ʲô񣬶ҪˣҪֻǻȥѡ
ֻлȥ޵ĿܣˣʲôҲûˣΪ˻ȥԲֶΣںõͼ
֮⣬ͣں棬֪ΪΣ˿ٿˣеֺ䣬ȥͼ˶Է
ŵͼƴһƹͽΧĵλãֻŵͼ½ԣ̫Сˡ
ȥ̡
ͼķȥ˵һ˽ɣķ̣һ·УĻһձܵ
Ҳٶԣ߳˵һҲ޷ͷֻϣ֮õҪĶὫԪ

İ££ɨʮɣõʮŵͼ˾һʯ亣棬ؼһˡ
˸ţ¸Ḷ́Ҳеʮ𾪣˸ԣֱ޷󣬾µһˡ
ʱ䣬Ĵţѿ촫ؼҲǲ˲ٸ׷ɱһ⣬Щ˱˵׷ɱֻϣҲֻķݣϵ棬֡

һʱݹķ棬ڵа룬ʵࡣ
¡
һ죬ķƱǿƿˣһɳӿɢ˳
ֻڣǧѽ󷨣һ̶Щ̻̲ڴ˵Ⱥһ
棬ֻһɫ۵аӻ˳һͷףüһѪӡа룬˿̿ȴԵη壬Ц޳ȻˣȻˣǾˡ
񵭵ͬΪ˵ֻк壿ˣͼҴߣġ

аͷһЦȻĿһҵȻɱ㣬գʰ㣡
а뻰˵֮ʣ͵ɫһһɲǣܵһɼصɱ⣬һâٿȻ


0354 
ݣ
һ⼱ʲôȴһ˲˺⽣һ⽣ǵһˣ⣬ȴʲôֻһͨͨˡ
ܹ罣棬ϡ
˵ţ˵֮ʱǰӰ˽뷢׵ߣ£ұۣ˵ϺͰ׻ϡ
ʮɣѵգ뿪𣿡
䣬Եȴеķâ˸еЩϢȻΪѽϵ۷壬ֻһ
ѧһ
ʲôСѲ˵˵
׻Ͽ˫ָ⣬ȴԵЩˣϣΪһЩûʡ
ǿʳﾺ񡣡
ֵ˳һ·ɱӶˣʮ׷ɱǶӣһǾڶ½ûеɽʵӲûнʵҪɱ׾٣α˵ôࣿ
һǿʳ
ϵ˵ͷԲԶ뿴ȥһ±øΪˣ룬˴㲻²㣬գѲɣ
Цһң뵱Яˣнյλתȴ־棬ֺγҪˣֻֻ֣֮Ҫȥѡ
˵û²㣬ҪģֻǽʱѲͬգҪɱңҲһԹԡ
뿴ԶϣЦ˵
á
ٴ׵ͷĿֽϣ¡Ѿ׼ˣ
ţǾһϵĸˡһ̧˵
á
һݣһ̧ʱƬ߷һ˲䳯ȥƬ潣ӿȴϼԪΪʱǧԴ˵ҲҪش
ϮһһԪ磬ɲһչһâ˲ƿǲָ֣һһ³üĵȥ
һĻ·ٵӶЩ˳׻һ΢΢һҲû뵽Ӿͣϵ
ϼһ³Լͬδϵǰһӡ
ʱ˲Ϣ˹顱һָӡ棬˾˳ȥҲ˼
±ڵӶϢĿţаҲ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫٲһʼˣԭΪƾ׻λϣ׽£ȴû뵽˾¡
վ֮ĿһٴУһȴԭʧһһ˲䣬ʱȴϷһƶͷȥ
ʦֵģ
һƺ׻ʱһҲһ˲䷴Ӧ˹һȻһƴȴûɽѵһĻȥտյģȻʧˣһӰ
ȴѳϱһŽ߷˳ȥһĻǾɷ˷ڲٵӣֻһΪȻױ˳ȥ
Ҳ޹֣ϹԶ֮ϣе˺ʮָߣϾˣǷӦǹɺݾѲһ󱲡
䶨վȣŶأеǸˣоɫ΢΢һ漴һɲǣʲô˵ͷη˥ӡ
ǴһΣ˵֮ȴ˫͵ؽӡʱֻһ˲Ŵ౶ֱ߰ߣһ㡣
ʱ޷˥ˣϼ򰾢ǧһȻ˫Ҳų˵⣬Ϣһ˲ǿ
еӶסˣ˿Ҳҳһڣа¶ɫվԭأϵô
ʦ֡
Զ׻ҲһԸˣһҪƵʦֶñԪԳôʦ־׶ñԪԼֳˣʲôͷ
Ȱ
һȣһɿΪӿɢ˳ȥʱɽҡƲ㾡һɲɢ
һԾȴǱͻѪӿֹվ֮ȴǰһɰ׳ֱۺɨ顱һش˳ȥѺһɽͷײ÷顣


0355 Ѫ
ֻ̳֣߰ɣԶžһ˫ųɫâԵˣеӣһ̶̲סϽӽʵ
̳ɢȥֻʯﻺ˳ոһػ˵һ¶ûҲǲܵġ
Զʯ߳вɵһ˼⣬ҲɣҪߣô벻ɡ
ϡ
һ˫µ۾һʯ˳ڵӼոһʱȻӣ޲Ȼľ
Сӡ
׻վԶ΢΢һһɫòϸոһжֲСΪȴһҲûУѲǽղ֮
ϿдŴոһķԪʱһ̳߳۾⣬ӿˡ
Ȱ
ٴηһȣֻȻһȥһƴʱӡ飬ǵȥ
ǡǧӰ
ڲٵӶ˳ľ֮һǧӰǿȼڹԪʹһƷƣÿһƽԴһƵƣߣʵȣҲҪԪشɣ
ֻӰֶȥʹٶٿ죬Ҳ޷ܿһɲǣ˽ס˺û뵽Ըˣϲ˱Ԫ˿µľ
ǧӰҲһ˲佫Ԫ˼ޣ¡¡ֻһ쵴Ӱʱ˼ɽͷڵӾŵĵѣæȥ
ӰȻδͣһһƲϴһֻƬأѾȫ٣ɽߣһƬȻ֮
ڵľǰһĻǳڴƾķ󷨣·ҲҪһ˲ҷɣϵ۷壬Ȼֲ
̳ɢϿд󴭣һоķԪȻʱȴӰˡ
ڵжЩ㷲ѵѾ֮»ҷˣһȫʬδ£䣬·ûô򵥡
˾֮ʣһƬҶ£ϼϣҲһɲǣǲʲôһ˲̧ͷȴһ

˽һ಻⣬ֻһƴĿҶΧתپ۳һӰ֮˸еϢ޷
ⲢǵĿľתƷоϵһ֣ټԾԿľʩչԶͨʱĿľ
δѴƬƬݣʱ̳һ̣˲̧ƵֿȻȴ¡һ죬Χɽʱϵסѵصƣֱӱ˳ȥǹ̳档
һ̣˶ˣ̳ɢȥֻڵϣѱɫȴɷҲһѪ
ʦ֣
׻ϾɫһҪɹȴһֹ̧
Զ绺ϴһ̣·𿴼˺ǵһոµʱ١ʱȴѾˣΪԻ͵ʱǺǵ̨һɱĶ
Ŀ⵭Ȼ˫ָ󣬻棬صյ׷ɱǷɱ²𣿡
һ˶ʵ׻λյ˵׷ɱҪɱǰӣϸ£Σλϻɱô
ɱɡ
һ˫ձɱ׷ɱԭ򣬶ǽգ·Ѿ˽жô£ΪУˣֻ󻼡
ʦ֡
׻ϰһʶ꣬˽Էϸ룬һҽδɱӣ㶨ҪȥʮɱˣмҪ
Ȱ׻ϴֻһԾ˫ֲסӡָüһ㣬һѪɫӡϢͷϣܣҲһ±й֮ӵطﴫֱͷƤ顣
Ѫ䡭
׻ɫ䣬Ҫȥֹȴֻ˫ȻųѪâһ³ȥ
ѪâܵзͬСɣȻҪܿѪâȴһ˲仯ѪС
Ѫѳ޸ģǣӣ
˫Ѫţһ·Ѫ֮УƬʣʱƴԲʮǹХ֮ϣŵ÷ڵĵӾʧȫԶȥ

׻ϿԶѪɽȣһֱѪ˽֮һʩߺľȫѪԪԽԷǣʹʧܣ֮ˣҲȻܵشͬھ֮ˡ
ãɽȵѪɢȥһĻ·һһ̣˱ɫ״ԭء


0356 ǿӲ
һƬž˶˫ۣȻȴǲţֻϱӺһģȴһѪҲûС
ͣ
һ죬˺⽣Į
ϽŲһΣɫøӲ԰ˣղʧˣѪֻʩչһ룬վδɱԷ
㡭
һ̣Ųʣ֪Ѿ޷ɱǰˣһˣƴŻɢҲһҪɱ
ǸˣǵЯΪħ׽̽룡
һɲǣܵϵɱ򷽲ʩչѪ䣬˿;ƿݣһ˿ɱͷһҪӣȴֽŲŲǱһ֮סһ
뷣
ϳһȣƴһ˿ԪǿԪϣһâȥȫһɢɣ

׻˫ĿһҲû뵽ᶯʽȥɱ롣
֮ƴɢҲҪɱ룬ΪıѣΪЯ룬֪˵ȫ󷨡
ֻҪһôȱһ·ˣƻȻ裬һ˲ʱ䣬ŵ켶λǰԮɱ벻ɡ
һ̣·ʱסһ㣬Ԫļâ˲Ϣǰʱ˿̣ȴ޷ֻĿһâԼü
Ȼһ̵ʱһӰ˲ǰָӡһµֵסϵԪ
¡
һ죬ɽȾһʱﲻֹ̳ɢȥֻĮǰߡ
У㡭
ϵĲл꣬˵ţȻſӵġ̻ǹ̻ͨոֵܹסʯٵԪһ
㡭
ϲʵؿǰˣԪ֮һҲʧˣûɱ룬˿̻ǽɢͬԭصҲһƬ촷ۣɢ

׻һһɲǣбһȻӦҪ̻ȥ

һȣ׻ָӡҲ˲ô̻࣬һâԶʶӶȥˡ
δȥ׷ոѪ䣬ʵ˰ˣֶù̻ƱأֻŬڲţκ˷ѡ
ϧ׻ѾӣǳŴʱƴĻ˵
Ҳ˹һٿʱеֵոһɲǣǴ˳֣ԼѾˣԼݡ
ԶаҲڷӦ˹˹˲ϢԣصһƻԪ
㡭
аͷһһ̩ɽѹϣδй˾޴ѹ·ǰˣֻҪһָͶˡ
á
ڣайһ㷴ˣո϶ˣ׻϶ˣѵлԣ
ٺ١˰ˡ
ЦһаָüһĨһƻԪˣΪλܹţҲԻţҪһˡ
ĮָһаһƻԪһö棬аˣԿΪãΪˣΪ˻ȥֶܹΣܹ踺أϺǧˣǲеģͬϣҲ
ͼ
аҲҶԣ̽ͼȡ˳ȥ
ߡ
µͼٶһ̻һ󼲷磬ɽȥˣʣɽȵķڵӣԭز֪롣
ڡ
Ǵʱ֪ǷӦóƺаΪֻȻһЦɽȥˣӴ˷ڣ޹ء

Ļƻ裬һɽ棬ֶµӰӣԼįƬ̣а˴ˣѾס
ŵĵͼ
빧ĵͼȥаˣһħ׽̽һǷ֣޵
ӹͼɽһֻۣŨ̹֪˶ʲôŵţ˿ѾˣΪͼ棬մѪ
ߡ
䣬Ī˸Ѿʲôǿʳûнʵѱ˵ɱˣ̶գɨʮɣõʮݵͼ


0357 
ҹĻʱа棬һ쪵ɽȣȻͣ£Ҳͣ
תŶ˵ȴ˵ĻԪԻỹǡ
ʱգѾ˵̫໰ΪԷʼոһֳɽĸоʱֻҪһ񣬶͸֮λǵѹ
ǰҶԻ߾ȫȡ
аͷ˹˵ƺֻԡǰ֣̫֮𺳡

΢΢˵ͷֵֻǵΪ̫͡
һ˾һǵΪؼѾˣ뵽ǰˣֻ붯ָܲԼ˵Լ˵Ϊȷʵա
ֻ˲֪˿̶Է˵ΪʲôףԼܻգȫżֵһû˼ֵҲûлȥıҪˡ
˴˿ôһ˵󣬶Щ㷲֪ԷҪʲô
죬һվԭأҲҳһڣߵ˵ǰȻһ̧˵Ѩϣ֮һɼע롣

ɫһףһ̣ʱܵһ磬˿עģǵǽԼ⾳ӡ벿˵񺣡
ȻҲа⾳˸ǲеĲ⾳ͬʱˡϡһ⾳Ϊʱࡣ
ʱ˿̣аȻܹܵ˲ɵдҲû뵽ֲô϶Ķ֣ԭȻѾ⾳֣
⾳֮󣬾ɷ֮𣬴ߣԿɳߡͨĺϵߣر
ڣһڴҲҳ˿̾ͷ·һԪӤߣڰ򾳽һ㡣
Ƭ̹ڽ˻Ѿһ亹ʱܹоȫͨ裬ת̶ͣƬ̣ΪѾ˺ü㣡
࡭лǰ
ʵǲҪһӣʱ䣬ΪڶԷ֮£Ȼ˼򵥣ߵĿô
Ϊãڼ䣬ȴȥǰ޷顣
ˣȻĵںϵ۷£ǵ֣һ£Ҹһµʱ䣬ʲôѵͼȫ
ǡǣ
˲ҶԣףһΪǵģԷʱܹȡأǵԷȡߡ
ȥɡ
һֽ˫ֱָŶ˵ӰʧҹĻ֮Уתһ߷ȥˡ
ҪõʣĵͼԲаΪ˵λʱ壬Ψһɵģǵ˵Ǹ켶ˣ֪ʲôˡ
Σе飬뾡죬Ϊָо缴һңµһλңûӵù
δ롭һ
ǰԽԽصҹɫ˿Դ⾳Դ½ԣҲ𽥲һЩϸ΢仯
Ҫһ֮ءʱչءǰѪ֮˰ˣڲδȬټ⾳ڶ㡰ЩŴΪڱúȹһ¡
ֱ賿ҹʱǧһĹȣʶһɨ֪Բ˼Ҵ˴˼ȴΪ㣬ʺ
ȥĹȣһεɽȥȫϢþʯסڣ²ƺ󣬲Ÿ˹Ϣ
Ǻϵ۷ֵƴһ
һһѪ˳ǰѪһֱѹУֱ˿Χ˺Ÿר˹ˣƴѪ䣬һУ
ʱ䣬ɫԺһЩҪȹһ⾳ħ׽ʮ׷ɱգҴõڶ㡰ȴ֪⾳һ㣬ʲô
ʱֹȥգһ޹⣬ɽ⾳Ҫ⾳³Ϊ⣬һ
һʲôҲ޷֪Ե⾳ĿǰԣõѪɵİˣѾ߰˰ˡ
һҹʱ֣Ȼ͸һ˿޵ĺ۾û뵽ΪȻȵ˿˽ˣŲ߱طǵ֮
棿
˵ʱһԪܹϢؽӽԷΪ֮ܲ£ؼǣ׷ѾˣԷȻҵõһ֮ˡ
ǺǡȻ档ֻһЦȻǸŮӡ


0358 
ϢӦˣϣδȬҲһ𿪶ڵľʯ˲Ϣ˳ȥ
ҹ޹⣬ˣʶҲһ¿˴˿Χסˡ
ǰһǷŷЦǸŮӣŮȣʤѩһɫȹؿϷһֻɫĺ
˿ЦӯӯؿԽԵýģֻһۣ·ǧߵ
ˣһ֮£ɷк͸һ뷢׵ߡ
ϢװӦ֮ǰλˣ֮ǸɷȹµİߣǹԪȹ
վǰòǵŮӣλΪ⣬Ӧġˡ
֮⣬Ϊλ֮סŮ˵ǰǰȣʱֻǸʮС֪ˣһϢ·ߡ
뽫ˣ츳һԶӣ콫ΪŮһ£ֱ󣬲ǵ
˵ݣ˸˽⣬ֻԲ֪ҵģλΪǵͼ
ǡﴫһɷ˵
ǡҪʧˡ䵭˵ʱѶѺɭɭ佣
ߣ
ɷһߣԪͬʱ˹ǰɷ߽񲻿ɵ

ֻ죬Ժ⽣ֵס˶˵Ĺ˴խδȫָ˺Ϲ֮£Ʊơ
һԾΧ֮ʱȴһµǰ˫ֲסӡ󣺡仨Ϊ
ɲǼ䣬г仨ƻƺһƬƬƻã˲佫档
Ǻǣ⻨ް޾ޱߣ棬һ
ӯӯһЦƮƮ˵ϣ˿裬Ȼ֮
ɷЦа취СؾͷۣҲľԪܳʱν練ơ
ǡ
һЦδȥĻһԣǻ
ʱԪҲǻüС汦ԷƿҪġ
ʱһȥʱĻ棬ȴţнʦĻǧʵһʵܽȥôǧʵϳǰ
Լɷ͹Ԫ䱸ǻ͸һ˷Ӧһ˲Ϣһɲһâ˳
飡
һ죬ԪɽһָѴüģʱһˣһѪӿΪһָش
ɷ֣ͬһӡѳ䡱һǵҲѳѺۣˣֱӱ˳ȥ
˶ȻһΪãǸոһĻʵ̫죬쵽Ǹû壬ԷĹѾϡ
Сӣӡ
ɷ䶨վȣŻ£ĶºâͬʱһɿµɷҲǵӿ˹
𣡡
һߣԪҲ˲÷һָ֮ˣָֻӡâ𣬽ӲӵһƬʱɽӳͨ
䣡䣡䣡
һʱ䣬첻ϣҹĳţ˵ΪͲͣʱ̶Ƭ̣˰ɽȣȴʼ⣬ۻΪɷ͹ԪǲЩ
ɽȼȥˣ쪣պȻЩԪܣȴҲҲӰˣոշڣɾôһգ۵Ĺ򣬶ԷǺȻҹɫ֮һϢʧˡ
ȥˡ
ɷҲ䱸ţδܹϢѹָУƫƫգԷûٲ֣Ҳ͸ˡ
һʼʱ˻Ϊֻƾһ϶Ƕ֣ڲŷ֣˵Ϊʵ֮¡
ģ
֮ʱԪȻһֻɷͷϷգǺȻ˺һһִֻ˳ͷץȥ
ɷ̧ͷ˲䣬̸ܵһɱϢ͸ȫһϢ·ܲһ
һɲǣʲôΪҲɱˣһٲԥ˲ʩչѿǡ֮ݡһԭֻһۣȴѶݳ֮⡣
㡭
ԪȻһϣǸܵɿµ׹Ԩһܹ

һȣԪҲ˲ôˣ˫ֽӡҲͬɷһ˲Ϣӳ˰Զˣƺһˡ


0359 
ӳԿʶ׷̽Ȼһ·ӣǸܵУʹܲǸܵһܹĿҿӵüʱôĶ֪
ڣףΪʲô±ôɣȴһֵܹסˣ϶ɱˡ
ͣһ
˲֪ãԪͣѭȴӰƺڣʶոûи
ˣû
ԪԭûжѪɫһ±øӲҰˣȵĹǶŮʧԼ鷳ˣ
ɷҲüƺ˿룬ȴԪЩ
ô졭
ԪɫӲ԰ˣҿСһааģҪһУǱȥ

ɷʱȥȴ侲࣬ѵûз֣ЩôԪȥ
ʲô˼
ԪЩ˼֮ѵ취ȥȻ

ɷҡͷ˵ƽ½ո⣬СӴӻ˳֮ǰҶԸ˵ʱѵûз֣ûоȫ룬ı£Ҫ˲׷ʲô£Ϊȴߣ
˵ǹ
һ̣ԪҲüɷԣƺ޵˵ǹСסʵ̫˼һʱţߣʧֱܡ
ɷǶŮ֮ϣҲӴ⣬Ҹҿ϶ղҪߣܸңΪûи
˵˴Ŀ⣬ŹԪԪֻ˵һ䣬ѾǵǸ治µСѾͷˡ

˿̣ǰɽ·ھѹһתҪ룬˲׷ȥ͡һ䣬¶ѩ覵źۡ
һһתһȻо綾һɢжһ¶סĺ˵ҵҵġ

סֻеһϣһǵͨ죬֪ΪΣȥȴ·˼ֽġ
ǰѪ䡭
ԭˡ
ŪҵԼģҲͲôɵˣɿʱȴԾЩ䣬һˣؿڣ㡭
ﲻװˡصҲ֪ΪҪ˵ôһ仰
㡭ʲô˼
ǾؿǣҸ㣬򲻹㣬常Ƕҷֺա
ԽӣԽǸоŮĻǳһƻԪ
ʲô
һ£૵ֲаĹȴ㣬ԭֶвǣñɣ޳ܡ
Ҳã޳Ҳգ﷽Ҳ˵ˣǶŮЮ֣¼ʹõ˵ͼܹ˳뿪ڵĵؼ򡣡
һ˵ţһ߲߽Ԫ°ȻȥԻ
ݡ룡
ˣҾѻԪ㣬Ҫɱɱˡ
üͷһ壬治ɱǰŮӣŮһûκι˼ɣػܷ׷ɱֻһǣ֪ΪΣܸоŮ򵥣鷳
ҲС
һۣδ䣬ȻָһѸײڶ֮ƣʮѨȥ

Ӧʱֻеȫһ飬ʮѨѱסֵؿǰӣ㡭ʲô
ֻʱס˹Ĳֹ˳ڴ
ص
㡭
¶һ˿֮ɫ˿޴վԭأʵû뵽˾ȻĽֶΡ
ֻ΢һͻ˲侭ϣ
һ˵ţһǰȥ߳Զֵˣһ·ǧҪ̫Զͬ°Ȼ뿪֮ʱԻ⿪ơ
㡭
ָȹʧֱܣֶвȣһ㻹ֱɱأ
ɱ㣿ȡõͼȫ뿪һ˵ţһһ̧һ˲佫󣺡߰ɡ
㡭
һа˼⣬˵ʲôΪԼôҲкϵΪΪξһ㷴֮ҲûСոɷ͹ԪΪλͻȻ˹һƴߣ
Щģĵģֻһ¡


0360 ޼
һȻͣںߣȻͣ£Ҳͣ½ŲСĽ䱸㡭ͣʲô
˻ûʲôܹҵң
䵭ֻͻȻ뵽ǰգ˹˵ĹؼʱڣŮӴҵºЩϣԽòһЩ
һʣЦһһƺԼǽߵǰЦô֪ˣǷ˱Ļ
ֻشлûС
һ±̲࣬ס˸뵽ǰɱ˲ˣҪȡν練ơ
ûûˣ֮ǰϵѪ䣬ֻܶһ
ˡ
˵ֱǰȥȥ˸ͼֱº󣬲а˻ϡ
һ£ƾΪѾ˼ʮݵͼδЩͼȻСˡ
룬ܵΪȤЦ벻ٿʱĳʧʧ񡣡
һۣͽĹǵģ
ͽǡ
ЦЦͽܱúãЩ˲ϽͼѾˡ
ǡǾȻ
һɫһ±òҰף벻Ϊ֮󣬾Ȼɱͬôˡȥһ̣·ǰ˱øӿˡ
߰ɡ
䵭˿еͼҪȥһݳǡĵططκһңһ塰ϼҡڣϼˣϼҵĵλȴ뼸λĵλȡ
˽ٷݵͼƴ˵ؼͼ켶ҲŲ٣ڻһĵͼŵͼʮҪֻҪŵͼô½İͼͻˣŵͼ֮أϼҡ
ǡǰӦҶ֮£ɻ
а뾤ҵҵǿɲҸȥ켶ΨһĵģֻԼһƻԪһ£ôͼ
ģõϼһŵͼ˵ĻԪԻ黹
˵ţŴԺа˿Աߵ˿ʵˡǰδ
ᵽԼɫһ±ýǾͲùˡ
аһۣٶԣ˴ԼһʵǸˣ޼ˣ
аһ£̧ͷаǡÿ꼸λһЩʲôǲ֪Ϊд˱ӻˣ˲ڵؼ˿켶ĵλҲ͡
ʲôΪ
ٴʵаһۣС⡭ǾͲö֪ˣӦ֪һ
˵ʱһۣԼͣ½Ųǿʲô޼ǰ׷£ֹüҪȵ
㣬ʲôΪ
ȻЩˣ̲ס˸ͷһƫСô֪زͱˣҷȰһ䣬޼ǰǲؼ򣬵ȥ켶˼ңɣڻͷü˴㲻ټ˵ˡ
ĬаʱЩԥӣʵǡǻȥݳ𣿡
ȻȴվԭϸаͣߣҲͣ˴˶һۣҡͷʾⲻҪٳ
Ƭֻ̺ȡһö㣬ָһʱһ׹⣬Ļһ뷢׵ߣĿ˪ֻһӰҲ˸еʮֲ
СڻͷϷпһ켶Ϸض𣡡
ͬĻϢѹȸУ˿ȴһ˿ҲʱҲԸеһεѹ⻹Դڶ⾳״йϢС
ںаˣĻϵߣ͸̸ˣǿߵ壬ֻͬһӰҲѾ͸ˡ
ĻߣȻλ켶ߣš޼ˡö㣬а˴ģȻ޼˱޷ؼ˵󷨣һѶӡö֮С
ãа˲Ž͸ȴѱ亹ʪСʵڡȥݳ𣿡
ȥβȥ
䣬ٴĻϵİ׷߿һۣ顱һ÷顣


0361 ϼ
޼˵Ӱʧˣһٶȴа룬Լˣһ
ö޼ͨģ޼˵ϣ޼ɵؽ飬ô޼˱ܹӦõ㣬ͬˡּһ޼˱زŹ
߰ɡ
һµǰȥֻʣ㻯ķ۳罥ɢаžѹ˿̿ıӰ֪ΪΣĪ˸
ݳǾǴ˿ڣԶҲҪҹִܵ
ʮԲҹ磬ǧݳʮɽƣÿһɽһĽƣݳǣνߣҪǿҲδؿܡ
ݳǵĵλҲʮ⣬ǡǡڵؼͨ켶ġջǰǴǰȻбܹȥ켶򣬵򶫷ʧһ£Ҫȥ켶򣬿Ψߡջһ·
ϡ÷ֵݳǣһȴԵ쳣￴յĵƺ̣ΨеƻѲߵϼҵӡ
Ҳ޹ϼүӽ˽ŷֻڵؼ̶ֳ̫ѾͷΣ׷侭֮سǽؿţκӡ
˸ɣκһֵܵסĹƣϼҴôһλ棬ܲ
˿ϼҸڣʮɭϣ̶գϼүӱ˸ϸķǿʮֹĿıǷֹͻȻɱһֲ
ү˲𣿡
һԺֻ¹Ӱһ̴ɫۣǰ׷ȻȴһЩ͸ϸУϼҵϼ¡
һߣϼҵϹܼңһţ˿ֻԥһֽŵŴ²ףүҪһ䣬ͷ˹ȥɣá
죬˵
ĿĻͣ½Ų˲ֹҪͨݳǣҪϼҵݵͼҲĻ㲻ϼһһ䣬ϼһʲôλԣϼһڴǧ꣬ȴһȥ磬죬㣬ͬ𣿡
⡭
ܼЩΪѣһһ˵ֵճн󷨽Ѳɣͷۣˣͱ뿪ҵҪǺηʥܹ޼ɵ
ֻȻЩˣϼˣЩͨɿɱȣҲѵͼԹԽԷȻУ˵ȥδҲ̫Цˡ
үǴ㡭
һΣܼǿĴ㣬Ŀ⣬һұǵҲҪܻ죬շԸȥʱգδ޳ԪӤ֮ˣȥܱܣ뼸λˡ
á
ܼ֪Ȱ˵ã˵ͷֵǹӺСǱߡү
ʢмǲɺСżֱ£νס
һ˵ţһѾһǰƽʱ򣬵Ѿ𣬽ҹȴģΨǰվӣһľ׮һ㡣
˿ȥʵҹβƵƣ
ȻȴӶһ²죬ʱȻ͸һɺһ䵭үӡ˵֮ˣ£
㡭
Ȼһϣ˫ĿһſǵϣȻһӰλãƽ˭ȥ
ʲôˣ
һһһǿжʱӰХȥӰȴǱˣֻһ̧еֵ⣬صүӣŲ˵𣿡
ǡ޳
¶Ȼһһɲǣ׹޵׵Ԩһ㣬һɺӽŵ׳ͷ
û뵽ոջ˵סԷɶԷ˿̣ѾϢУˣ
Ȳ˵ΪʲôûоκһݳǺϸĽ󷨣νģ
뵽˴¸ɫұ䣬ݱ̶ǰˣֱȹȻҪ£ʲôΪ
үţˣֻΪһ
һµ˵ţһܼҲԭأֲôɣûһֵסˣ⾿жµһ˰
㡭Ҫͼ
±Ͼкϵ۷Ϊܸոһɲǣ𣬵ںܿĵطŽǰкξ壿ƴһδزܽԷ¡
ӵ˳¹µԱ䣬صͼң±֤ݳǵһһݣֺ
ߣ
һǲء
һ̣ʮֺˣףѵͼȥϼ˵ĵλƱһǧɣܹƴ˸סϼҵĵλ
Խ룬ԽӱЩˣһɴԪҲѰ
Ծɸֶ¼ܴǧȥүҪס£һԣ˷ϼǧ˵Ϊעүӡǵˡ


0362 Э
㡭
ºȻеϢһϣһĪӱһΪؼ˼Ǵ˿ˣȴ֪ΪΣһ쳣ѹ
һ֮ˣȴܹ޵˿ֲһΪⱾѾ˳ǰδ֪ϣ͸һϢ·Ǵ˵伣̫ңȴͻȻǰһ
¡ʲôˣ
ѾܶԷʲôˣҪװѵͼȥ޿ܡ
ʲôˣҪүӣֻҪȥˡ
Ͳ޼׷¡
½ָϼԳ鴤˼£ΣҲֻ켶λǰѹѹǰˡ
ȻЧȴԤãֻɫȻ·ûн޼˵£صҪһѣ£ֺһС
˵˴߽һЩĿֱүӴס£ѵҲһôֻϧⳡĵĶע̫үӿ䲻𡭡
㡭
Ȼһϣһǵ汻ǰסˣʱȻһɭɭЦүӣҾá˵ûⳡע̫ʹˣǲҪô̼ˡ
ʲôˣ
ĿһֻۣӰٲȻа룬Ϊ٣ҪϢǱϸҲʲô¡
ǡ
ɫһ±øˣôˣȻ˿δܲȻʶӦϢ裬ܹʶӦа˾ûⱾ£Ψǰˡ
뵽˴¸Ǹеһۣɭɭүӣ罫ǵͼóɣҲаʡˣ˭á
Խ˵Խɭ䣬½ָջ̾ⳡĵĶע̫ȷʵ䲻Ա߹ܼҵ죬ȥ鷿Ķùɡ
ǡǡ
ܼҲ˿æӦһŻȥˣʱȡһϻӣװǷҪĵͼ
ҪĶˡ
ɫѿƽһܵвȴòնԷ˵ȥ⾳һвȡ
лүˡ
񵭵ȡͼ˿һۣȥˡ
ҹˣҲһģˣݳҪȫˣҲһҵǣ²עΪעݳ˵
˿̣ȻһվԭأʧıӰ紵ʱֻеһϮŷ֣ԭϵѾ亹ȫʪˡ
ʱܼ˹Сү
η˵ˡ
һ죬˵ȥʧķһΣѰ¶ģΣҲҪչ⾳
ȥݳ⣬ֻһµգ⽼ӳ磬а˸ں棬˴˵ɫȴ˭ȥڣֹͣ£
⡭
аҲͣ˵Ԫһ£ֲ֪οڣȻ֪ʲôȻӦ˹黹ԪҲʳԣָһס˻Ԫ㵯˹ȥ
˽ӹԵĻԪڸеͷһɣԪѹ黹λڡ˵գǰȥˡ
˿ʧıӰĻʲôڣ룬˿̷·ӹŹӲԼһͲҲˡ
˶һۣһ̺ȻһִѲĸоȴǺ󸣣Ҫ˵׷ɱˡ

˿ݳǰһͷ̶ˮ沨ԣ̶ˮϣһŮӡ
ˮ淴¹⣬Ůӳðѩֻ˫ֲԼؿѨȥȻϵ亹ȴһһʪԽԽԭӣҲ΢졣
ߣ
ʱȻһŮӶȻһǱˣȻˣ˿ֻϺףȻڵˡ
㡭
ҧʱڵоǧֻϴֻ˺ѣǱ亮̶棬һֻʹɸء
㡭㵽׶ʲôҽ⿪
ԽԽ٣ո෽κνƵķþˣȴƫƫ޷⿪벻ͨ⵽ʲôֶΣȻ
Ҷһϣ߰죬ҿɲܡȻһ߽ˡ
㡭
޺޵һۣһҧָԼؿѨһ㣬ȴһУʱҴܲѣ۵ֱ
üͷһ壬˹Ūþϣָһϴȥʱڵɡ
ƽϢǺ޺޵ؿҸ㣬ҳʲô£ҲúõģҪΪе㱾£Ϳºˣȥ켶Ż֪Լʲô


0363 ջ
ˡ
һۣ£ͲҪߣɽг޳ûοû˼ɹңһ䵽ˡ
һ˵ţһԼ϶˹ղɣһ亹ʱѺͼţ£֡
ˣһæסؿڣ㡭ʲôҸ㣬Ļ
ˣĵ뷨
˹䲻ȵصڹջǱߣж˵ˣĸȥ˼λ
ע⵽а˽ѲڣϼһݵͼѾˣвϼ˼ֲмȫһȺô׾˰ѵͼˡ
㻰βش𣿡
߽һЩ̧ͷһۣͷһƫߵô֪Źˡ
ðǶڹջﲼЩƣĳˣҲһᡭ
㡭
һҧһ̣ɫȴȻһ䣺ԡ㣬ո˵ԭ޳
˴ͻȻûΪոһ˲䣬˫֮Уһŵĺ
û˵ⶫҲʶĸֶһֻǡһʦ֣޳ԼԼ֣ȴǣ޹ҡ
ҡֻʡ
ҧָͷȥ֪ͻȻùɲˣ˼ϸʲô
֮һ·˵ˣںǰˡ͵͵ʲô徻࣬ҲȥΪΣֻոΪԼ˵֮ʱűɫ

ˡջΪջﲢջϹʱڣһؾ䣬½λ½ܵѹγһƬ޾Ͽȡ
Ϊպܹͨ켶Ժ½ˣ㽫ˡջ
ֻǰ߻ɳ죬ȴǶ£ʱʯ£Ͽ棬ʮֻͺգʳŲ֪˻Ƕʬ塣
һɸõϢϿ͸˳ܲɸóζס˿ڱǣȴֲ֪ʲô֨һ죬ͷһǻɳ£ѷ绯ʬǡ

ܷӦصȹһˣϿͺϷȥ
عͷһۣʱܾСһֻЩʬǲкˡ
ҡ֪Ҫ˵
һۣСƿЩʬǶУЩʬȻڴ˴ѾãȴһЩѾϵĸ֡
ǰȥﲢΨһͨ켶ĵطȴյĵطΪﱾǴϹʱģǰйһħսħڴˣԽԽ棬˵Ϲޣ˵˼ǰħӰ
˵֪Ǽ٣գȴԲ٣һȥ켶ˣ߹ջֻһЩ׷ɱ޷켶ˣ֮£Żգѡ߹ջ·Уιͺա
Լ˰ʱǰϣһǿĽϢͣ˽ŲҲһͣס˽ŲȻܹоõ˵ơ
ǰߵѣȻڴ˵Ⱥ򣬲ɡ
񵭵һ˵ֻ꣬ϣȻٵӰͬʱһɼǿĽ
Ѱȼƣŵûɢȴţ޿ֵǰȥһ£Ҳȥ
ýϺȻɳһӰֻ£Ǹ׷ӣüһɫӡ˵Ķ

֣΢΢һʱȴһۣȻ£ŷȥ˵ѣȥӴ˵ĶԹһʹ̷Σ
˵Ц𣿡
һۣصüǧڴ˰в󷨣һ˶Щ֮£ҷ˰ɣ
㡭
һͣû뵽˾Ȼһ۾Ϳڴ˵µֹżˣΪסʱ䰵еǧˣڴؽƣĿıǽһܻ
ڵȿֲ֮£˵ϵߣߣҲδؼܹȫˡ
˰󷨳ȥԻƽ¹ִһԣƴ֮£δزܳ󷨣˿ܽƣ᲻֮»ҷ𣬾ͺ˵ˡ
ɫ򶨣һ˵ţһ߻ǰȥ˿ò
ߣһЩĸ֣йԪɷԼȸϡ䳤ϡ׻ЩΪ֮ˡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴûһֻţһ޶á


0364 ͼ
δ˼֮ˣ˿ֹóȻ֪ǰˣȻеӴ˸ɣָҹջǾһǷ֮
ѣɷأ
һأƺҲˣһۣüǧڴؽƣص𣿡
㡭
˵һͣȻȴδ˵˿Ю˻ʲô
á
˵ͷ˳󷨣㼴̷Σ
˵ˣֻҪ°Ȼ뿪ԻᰲȻһͷ
㣡
Ȼһ䣬ҲЩͳˣѣ㲻Ҫôߣ㴳˶ɣɱ˶ˣѾƽˡ
ɱǣǾͻɱңѵûֻ뽫ܻأô
㡭
ٴα˵һͣʱڿˣͳǻȥɣҲ¡

ָݺݵȥСӣˣҲʲôзֺˣ׷ɱ켶Ҳؽ｣£
˵һۣλ˳󷨣ԭϿߵؽƣɢˡ
˾ʧϿǵһܹ˼ǧ棬˰Ȼ뿪ˡ
䵽˼£һȥ飬ҲҪ鵽
漸Ӷ˵һȸϲԳɵС˼䣬֪ȸ˵ʲôȴɫ΢΢һ䡣

˵˽ջһ·ǹŹʱƳϸʱ׹ʱּϼɣյգ֮ԽߣԽԵùˡ
ʹΪ˵Ҳδ׷Ȼҵģһ·ں棬Ҳһﲻ֪ʲô
ҹʱ˲֪˶·̣һ½𣬽Ͽӳͨһһݣһľһʯɼ
ҹҪ·
ȻͣתֵؿһֵۣĿԼͷһƫСջȴ˵Ķ࣬Ŵս꣬Σա
ƺΪϤ
̧ͷһۣ֪Ϊһʣȴٶ˵Ѱһ¶Ъһޡ
һԾҲ¶ϣȴȥԸЩͼȡ˳һȫſְѶĲֲüͼС˼Ȧ˲ŷƴӡ
Ūҹʱ磬ǿٶŵͼƴһ𣬿ɼǽٶŵͼȫƴһǵͼҲֻǵؼİͼټһջԼ켶Ĳֵط
һݵͼԣûжôٶŵͼصܣֻҪض˳ƴУͼɽͻλӶ켶İͼ
֪صз˼λвֻһδεزϳԣÿƴһΣὫͼǡDȡĵطʶһٶŵͼҪзҳȷһС
ȥʱ䣬ʱ棬߹ջҹֶƴӵͼһֱڶϣһʱ䣬ҲϹһۡ
һԾɵҹʱ֣µգƴӵͼԶԶĿƺҲڷˣǰӣƺֻЩͼȤκһаĮġ
еЩ棬˵ı£˵켶ĸŹˣ£ĶڣȴѾȥЩͼʲôط
һֱ°ҹ½е־ˣ˸Ƿʵ㲻Ϣ𣿡
ûĻһڷƴЩͼԼڴʯվЩͼһۣ˵׷ѾˣҲȷƴӲ켶ĵͼ֪켶ж𣿡
ǲ߽һЩ˵켶ĴŹĸŹռͼ켶ԣ֮һ½ޱߣ
ιҸ˵ء
Լ߽һЩеȻ֪˵ĵͼ겻֪Ӻζţض˳ƴӣȷʵܹ켶ĵͼзȴ˵λ֪
һ̧ͷˣΪʱղ߲ݣʹ˫ѾѪ˿
һ˿̵ǹǽһ·δ֪ʲôĻҲΣա
㡭㵽ʲôط
һ̣ڿ϶ˣضѰʲôطһǼѰҵĵط
ܡ
ʱ˵Ψһһ仰˵䣬ֵͷͼһֱ


0365 ħڣ
ʱֹȥ죬˸·ڶ¾ֻоͼ˵κһ仰
ЩʱգҹоͼӡҲЩı䣬ԭΪǸĮ飬ɱħͷڲŷ˵ִţֻǲ֪Ϊʲôִš
һ¹⵭һЩ֪ʱߵ󣬿һҡͷ˵Уеġԣ𣿡
תȥɻؿæҡף㲻ҪᣬҲҪĵͼҡϾͿ촩ջˣҵĺΣճ֣ȥУʱҲˡ
Խ˵ԽСˣԱϢһԿɡ
á
һΣûлȥһϥߵ֮ǰλϣϸÿһŵͼڶ½ĵΣôҲϤ˰ٱֹ
ֱʱϢһҹ۵Ѫ˿ѾʧˣڰŪͼʵΣ
㡭ˣ
ˣϺȻЩ˷ܣ
˹ȥֻͼƴӲ٣Ȼ֮ǰƴӵöԣ켶ĴŹӰӡ
ĴŹֱǾڶġڹġϷȸ
ͼϵĴŹȻŴһЩطİͼЩģңȻΪŴͼδȫȷƴӡ
ô֪ƴУ
ȥȴһҲԵ˷ܣ俴Լ̲סˣ㡭ʲô˼
㲻˵ˣǵؼˡô
㡭
Ȼһϣһ̱ĿⶢţǿҪ͸ˣüô£һʱƴӵͼڵãлҾˣˡ
Ǹ
һۣٶʣͼ濴ȥһȴһطȫīɫˣ״ҲʮֲԵü죬ʵô£

һǰŵͼһƬīɫۼ˵ħڣ
ħڣ

˵ͷ˵ഫϹʱڣ˼Ϳ̿һΪħսʱضԶŴʹħڴ˴ݣֱѣЩʹħڴˣѾ֪ȥ˶꣬˵صħϢȴδɢﱻħڣ
˵˴̧ͷ뵽ʲô¶һ˿΢΢ɫ㡭㲻ǴҪȥħڣɣ
ʱŵģħڣ˼Ȥʵ˵ħڣΣ
˶ٴǵͼ濴ȥħڣ澿ж֪ЩʲôҲֻ֪֪ħϢҲһħϢ֣һȥˣҲ
˵˴ͣһżѰˣǿ֣Ҳҽħڣħڣģһ㶼ЩͶ·֮ͽĹ׷ɱǱ׷ɱһȥˣҲˣħڣԭЩʲôˣͲ֪ˡ
˵֮Ҳ˳˼û뵽ڶ磬Ȼصһط
˼Сʵǡ㲻Ҫȥħڣɣ
ҡҡͷΨһҪҵĵطֻǴ˵ġDȡӣ뿪Ԫ򣬵ѾһˣȴɣӰӶûš
ȥħڣ˿ʵ㡭Ҫȥģ
û˵ʱֻеЩķңѾһˣҲ֪δΣԼҪʮҵǕDڣ㵽ʱѷɣ֮ȥʱδѾѹˡ
DȣҵDȵλá
Dȣ
һ˲ɵһⲻǴ˵ĵطҪȥģȻǴ˵ĵطֱЩš
áԡ
ǵ˵ͷʼƴӵͼһDȣɣ֮£Ǳҵɣɽڡ
ԱϸţԼһʱѴȻһŵͼ˷ŵҵˣɣ֮ɽ
Ҳû뵽˵ĵͼȻ˶ĵط±ȥ켶һݵͼҲδɣɽĵطɣ̸Dˡ
ĵͼһɫ쳣ȷŵͼӦƴĸλã
ȵȡҿ
õͼϸѰţʱɽһ˿Ϣ͸˽ʱɫһʲôˣ
Ȼ£նһɲǣɽɳʯ˲һԪ磬ֵ⣬ȻĿ磬ȴصĵͼˡ
һһæѵͼ濴ȥʵʲô棿
֪ѵͼպãȥ
һ˵ţһתԪһƿľɽȥɽȻδϵͻȻһֲм㿪ֱ»ΪһƬѪ


0366 аɷ
һ˲䣬Щ˷Ӧѳ±ϣԼŰˣЩ˸׶ΪԪӤϵȡ
˫۾ʱָеֵһ̣ȴ͸һɺ֮ɫ
Щ˾Ѱ֮ջ̾ģҲʲô࣬ʱҲɽ˳ΪԶôվ棬ͷ΢΢һʶ߿һЩ
ٺ٣ȻǸˮ˶
ǻò󣬲˶ߣӶϣһҲ̰֮ɫϡ
ôһĿⶢţֻеڣƫƫЩ棬вΪ֮ϣʹж˼ֵӣٴ˶㡣
Сӣ֪ʲôط
ʱһǴò֮Цȥ˵Ŀ⣬ҲתƵϡ
λɷ˴Ҳʲôõطɨһۣɫʣص
֪ͺãߵõλСˣɵ¡
һ񣬺ȻøӺˣһЩ˾Ҫһʶץס䲻š
绨һˣȺɷ֮³жң޷
ͼ㶼𣿡
Щϣתͷĵһ仰ǵͼպûƺûʲôǱȵͼҪˡ
ګګص˵ͷһ̻عֻһᣬ˫Ȼأǰȥ
Сӣ
ǰ˼˾޶ã𷨱ɽָһ⽣˲һâܣֵ˵Ĺơ
Щ˲Ѱ֮˴ǵؽƣΪٸߣվֻһˣҪֳ
νǿѹͷߣտʼһƿľȻɱ˶ԷˣΪЩ˴УЩ˸ߣٹǣżֻԷɽϮɱһˣȻٴδǰȥ
սΪ˴ŶԷ̫ƣҲʮֲȥ棬Ҫɱˣν練ơ
ݳʮ󣬴˴ĽȻʮأ޷˳ʩչ˲ǬֻչɲٷɳۣǺߵİ˻׷ᣬǰߺҲȻð˼ûһƲ硣
СӣӲģ
Ȼ䣬мֲĽնЩǵĽǴ˴˴ĽƣδǽȽסʱŵûʧɫģ
ֽץţּӡһâǰȥ¡һƿ˽ƣ˴һ֧˳ȥǺߵɽͷȴնûҷ
δǰȻмɽնÿһԴһɼصĽƣߵɽҲʱ죬ʯ䡣
˫һţԾʮɸߣָһ⽣ٿȻɳ͡ѪĽʱǰǼ˵
ߣ
ԷɽϮɱǰ·ļ˺ԥɲһչ̴ɳʮ롣
Щ˻׷ᣬһֱޱȣ䵽Ⱥ³жôңͬʱҲܹƴЩͼ˵ǰӣѾȥˣֺαΪġаɷ
ֶݳʮȴȻͣȻͣ£΢΢һôˡ
ĬȻ۾ֱǰ˳Ŀ⣬ǰɽͷŵǵӰʱҲɵһɫһ±øӲ԰ס
ǡŽųΪΪۣΨһһħڣˣ̾˵أԷ⡪аɷ
ֻһͷѪɫĳס˰գϣһֲ˿ڣһѪǱһȭģĿġ
ԶǸµˣѾ̲סǶԷ˿ɢһ˿˿ں֮һɿµħϢǴħڣϢһ̣еҪϢˡ
ϵɫ˿ҲԱܹоõǰˣǰһѾߣһߣΪȴ˲١
ߵļˣʱҲ׷Ǵ˿аɷǹħϢ֮£˶һЩϵߣһҲǳӼ˾һͷҴһڡ
ܹӵб¡
аɷ̧ͷʱǰ¶˳ֻ鲼ħƣ۾ҲѪ죬ֻеһϣǰħ


0367 ħϢ
аɷѾħİֿʼ޷аɷЩץ˶Ůǵ¯ջ޷ѹڵħϢҲ޷ЩŮӵ³жҡ
ߡ
аɷͳǻһɫԽӲ԰ףץ䲻š
аɷ֮ҪץôŮӣΪ֮ǰħڣħϢʴġʴܹǿħϢѹȥʴڶ磬Ǵ̵ħΪħҪŮΪ¯ȡǵԪ
аɷֻ̾ڹջôһĵطȥ켶Ҳȥؼ
һȻ޶ԣһ׷ӺȻȵСӣûаɷĻ𣿲Ů˭ӣҲǵý²ɣ
һŵһ䣬ҡͷܰҵɣɽ
תͷһۣʱ۾ǿ־壬󣬻ϣһָӵ
ǰаɷΪ֮£̸ˣЩĽƣҪ뿪һ׵飬ǣ뽫ߡ
ץҡ
ʲô
δӦֻһѱǰȥв΢΢һҪǿаɷķ
Ǻ˼ǿƣҲɵɫ䣬ȻаɷʼĿ䣬ɽ֮ʱֻһ̧ϺȻһɼǿħϢʱԶŸħһϺں֮ƣЩħһǵسȥ

ֲħϢǵؾʱŵɫһ˲䣬ǹħϢ㽫棬Ǻ˶ס˺˿ɿµħϢ֮£嶼ز
˿ϿȵħϢһ̶ȻƬ֮ȴͻȻһħ
Ȼ䣬ħϢӿһһɢֻ棬˾ǰȻ£ħϢȻ޷ʴ
⡭ôܣ
˽һŴ˿ǰһĻֻЩħϢΧԣȴʼʴȥˡȻ޾ħϢ

аɷҲڲǰ˾ʲôΪ޾ħϢʴ
ץֱۣոħϢֹʱŵ۾ʱ˿Χܣȴʼ޷ʴħϢҲһΪλ
;˴аɷΪУаɷҪΪ¡
ؿŶаɷԴ磬һΨ㹻ǿʵʹһ㣬޾аɷħϢһʵҲ̸еʱ
Ȳģ͵֪ƴӵͼһ㣬ҵDȵΨһϣΣκ⣬µϧѪԪҲҪ뿪˴
е˼
аɷɫȻøˣصϧûܹӱ뿪㡭Ҳ⣡
䣬ֻ˫һ±Ѫ죬кţͬħһ㣬ϲкں֮͸ǺߵļˣŵɫɷףվԭضҲҶһˡ

һȣаɷȻ࣬·˲仯Զħһһ¶˹ǿֲħϢǵؾ˹֮ɽʯѣľ㣬Ҫݻһ¡
˿һĻŵòҶȴȫ壬˲תڵҲһ˲䱻ȼԭҶѹţһɲǣȴͻ˽һ

һаɷȥһƴڵʱǳǧĻɽͻȻ˳һŨŨˮһƲɵطӿ˳ȥ
¡
һ죬ɽȾһ߰ɽͷֱӱ飬һƬֻǰУаɷħ֮ţԶΪĵķԲľۿɼٶȵήˡ
ǡǡ
ӿɢ˽Ըеͷһǵ˺ĳˮǵУûһɷɱǴ˿̣ȴǸܵһĲ̲סĲš
Ҳ״סˣ⵽ʲôȻܹаɷħϢ⣿аɷħϢħڣЩԶħĲϢ

аɷǷʲôϵħϢҲȻøˣȻ䣬Ȼһƴʱ䳱ˮһֱаɷӿȥ
Ҳһɲǣаɷ˫ȻѪ⣬ħϢķɣһɿֲӿɢӿɢˡ
ħɱҡɱң
Ȼ䣬аɷĳ֮У˫ͷ¶˼ʹı飬ƺħϢʴ˼ʱ˻ңˣҲһ±üˡ
ģ
һУֻаɷ˫ѪһɲǣȫһˣֱһһֲѪâն˹˲佫⸽ļɽͷն÷顣
ȴԱѪâ˳ȥǺļˣʮӿֱѪâ·ˡ


0368 
ûӵˣ
аɷ״ħһ͸һɼصħϢʹԭʵգһ±úƳԶħһ㣬ֲ
㡭û°ɣ
ţɫɷףһļؿڣոһ𣬿ˡ
ҡҡͷȥѪԶаɷһ㼫ħϢĹڶЧˡ
ħ
Ȼ䣬аɷøˣһ̧ħϢ㸲ѹ֮һоԻҷ

һ˫һţ˲˳ȥֻ¡һ죬ʱ죬˷վ֮أȻɻҡ
Ҫħˡ
˫Բǲŵľ֮ɫֻаɷϵħϢԽԽأȻϿȡ
䶨վȣѾ³˴ΪλصħϢһоˣ˵ΪһһĻصǰָʱڵΪӵˡ

ͻȻ䣬ֻаɷ˫ֱͷ¶˼Ϊʹɫ·ЩħϢһһʶǡᡱһ
㯡ߣ
ץסһŵĻᣬǿгħϢٽ˲Ǭʩչ˳˲ϢѶݳǧ֮⡣
δعȷӦʱǧ֮⣬һʲô
ߣ
ԥŷűаɷһ֮ˣٴչɲǰȥһֱҹĻʱ˲ͣ

һƺߣֻ¹£ɫЩ԰ףȻΪ֮ǰаɷһ𣬽ֶ˲Ǭһ·еڡ
㡭û°ɣ
ɫҲЩ԰ףȴˣ֮ǰһ·ʵ̫Ķǣڻδ
Ҫ˹ˣһ
һ°ڣ͵ϥȥ˵ͷһƣ޳ŵ˹
һֱԱֱҹʱ֣һɽƬϿӳյͨɫȥһЩʱۣ
һԼֻЩͷһͣС㡭ʲô
֪иаɷˣǲǣ
һ˿䣬̲ס˸̧ͷһۣͷĬ
һ˵ʲô˭ŮװʧֱܣĿģȴ˳´뿪ؼ򡭡Բԣ
Ϊβȸңиħڣˣ֪֪㺦ң
ȻЩˣٴδ˸̧ͷ˿ԡԲҡ
ߣ
һߣЩ䣬հ죬аɷͻȻ㯣һʵָǰΣ¾ͺ˵ˣ֪иаɷͲ˵ˡ
ʲôҲܣڣҲѾ뿪ؼˡ
һһص֮ǰЮ㣬˵˲Ҳ£˳뿪ؼǳƽаɷǷһ
ҡ
ҧ촽뵽֮ǰȷʵΪԼûʵ棬ŵ¶˽ΣգΪԼˣ뵽˴ҲЩⲻȥͷСǡҪ
²ϲǷˣҲǷң뻹ҡ

̧ͷؿԼһסؿڣ㡭Ҹ㣬ҿɲңҡԽ˵ԽСˡ
뷨
һۣҾһҵDڣʱͻǷʱҪҪϲ
һ£̧ͷԷ˵Цӣګګص˵ͷá
ոջΪҪʲôŵ˵ˣȴû뵽ԭԷֻæҵDȣΪִҪҵ˵֮еĵط
ǸԸңΪʲôһҪҵط𣿡
Щ棬ôµһˣҪȥﲻ׾٣ȴΪʲôƫƫҪȥѰһܸڵĵط
ˡ
˿·һʱҲδģʡ
ˡ
΢΢һʼգǰɱأΪֻɱˣûҪȥһУԭֻΪ˾ô
㡭Ҫ˭
ܡ
䵭˵䣬ǰߵȥˣվںոôһ˲䣬ӵ۾·𿴼įһ
ӿʼڣʼֻб䣬ոȴ˲һΪҪȵǸˡһҪɣ


0369 ѩɽ
һ±Ͼһɽ´磬Щ̹ǣҲһҹδߣҹƴδɵĵͼ
ֱʱֻʣһµĲӰҲ࣬ʱȻ˷ź˳Ǹ㣬
Ķԥ˹ȥָֻͼ˷ŵˣɣ֮ɽ
ϸŵͼ棬ֻڹ棬һɽѾǳɣ֮ɽɣ֮ɽ棬ȴһƬģĵͼ˵ͼδȫȷƴӳ
ô£
ָһƬģĵͼüʵ
⡭
ҧҧ촽̧ͷСңһδȫƴӳǣǡ˵˴һ¾࣬ŵصȷɣ֮ɽһλھλáǿ߹ȥ
ЩɵĿͼͨͼʮ־ϸ֮壬ʧ֮ǧԾκһ˿
ңҡ
ԼͷȥСǸĿǰֻˣǡ
˵˴̧ͷĵصģΣһҵDȣٸһЩʱ䣬ȵ켶ٽϵƴͼһҳɣɽ׼ȷλã
߰ɣѾˣаɷˣܻ׷
Ŷ
˵ͷһ㽫صĵͼƬǰ޾ϿɽʵǸ޼ˣ𣿡

СŵͼȻ޼ˣһ£ʵôˣ
ҵĴˣ켶ɱǡü˵
һ£ϴ˽˸Ȯ޼˵ĴѶˣ˵޼ȷʵ׷£¶ԻңҲδؾȻ
˵ĵ켶һΪسĵϣµԼǧ챦һΣӦǲ鷳
ͣһּ˹ջ켶ĵܹ㣬ʮִʶҲ޷̽ѰҪڳ˹ջ켶ɱ㣬ѡ
ˡá
ټ׷ʣȴ޼ϵΪһΪĸֽɱ붼¡
죬㴩˹ջʱ취켶
켶ؼͷ򣬲࣬ȶ˲٣Ŀǰԣ񷲼ͻȻɢһҹ߽⡣
ǰһ޼ʵɽһһأûоͷһʹŵͼҲ֪ȥδ
ǰǰɽǱʱ䣬ͻῴһƬ޾ѩɽǺı߾ɽ֮󣬾ǺˣɣɽڽڹϷǲȥڹҪ
߰ɡ
ȥʣܵڣ֪ʲôˣԷƭΪڣžơ
Ȼ࣬Ǵļ¡һ㣬͸һɴ̹ǵĺ⡣
ߵʱ̧ͷȥֻǰ߹ȻԼԼѩɽˣɽΪɽɽĻʱܴϱѩѩѩ·ܻһЩΪǴӵؼģֻߣȻһֵĻ鷳
˵˴תȥһضԼʼջǲ̫Լüұˣ˵˻ҵDȣһοڣϱ˽ƣˣʲôҪɱң練𣿡
ˡ
ٶԣָһɽǰѩɽȥüһҲ˸ŷɽȥ
̼䣬˱ѩɽۣ֮зѩƣǰһƬãã޼ʵѩɽûԪӤΪҪԽһƬããѩɽܣ㲻ɽУҲ⵽ɽеѩѩϮ
߰ɡ
ŷɽɽзһһҹȥ캮ضããһƬ̲ͷ
񣬵ڶĺɫʱѾһıмòס£ǿĻ»Σա
ȥɡ
£һɽȥɽ棬һЩ֦Ѷڷס
˺һ¶ȣǸе䣬ʱӣδɽһҲˡ
㡭Ҳ𣿡

̧ͷֵԼü캮ض˭䣿㡭ǹȻˡ

̧ƿ˿ƺĲô´˵غ䣬δŻܲסĺɡ
˲˵ѩ󣬺ܿ㽫ʱ㼣ڸˣżһ֨֨ѩɽ汼ܹȥ
ֱҹʱѩ֪ʱͣˣһ½ɽͷʹƬѩɽۣ֮ȥƻá
Щ⣬ʯڽۣϥڶڱϣҲۣʶȴһУһ
һɲǣȻܵһǧ֮ʶϺȻ¡


0370 
Ҳһ˲䣬Ǹܵʲôһ۾ʶϾֻܸܵһȻȴ޷ӦõһԼԶطʶ
ꡭ
˸ƣһʶϣһʶ޷̽쵽ɽ
˽ŵӣҲס˺ҳһڣԼĪСһʶŽʧ
ȥʶϣתȥոڿ̽ߡ
˿̽
һǺı߾ɽããﶼѩɽڿ̽ߵĻʶǴ֮⴫⾫׼󴫵ʶҪΪʲôľܰõ
Ҳ֪ûзǣ֮뿪
ɫ𽥱ոȻʶϣԷãδֻǼ򵥵ʶ̽죬пĳʶ׷֮ȷԷղûзˡ
޼ˡ
˹Ѿµ˼֣˹ȷ

˵ͷһ̣ɫȻʮֿ϶ˣ˵ӦǶѾ鴫Ѷ޼ˣղšӦ޼ĳ󷨿̽ߣʶҲ̽
˴̧ͷ˫ü΢ؿӦ޼Ҳ˴Ѱ㣬ֻһǾҪĶҺˣһ̰ȻѰ㣬ôϣһĳֵ㡣
˵֮ԼԼѾ˼֣Ӻ֮ǰʮ׷ɱԼʱһ޼ˣ濴ȥΪһ£ʵҲΪԼЩνı
˵ز˾߰ɡ
ߵڱߣЩ֦ÿһɺʱ˽һ⿴ȥֻѩЩӡӦѩ˴Ҳ˵˴ܻѩޣѩ
ȻһЩ
תһۣ֪ҹѩɽ·ʮΣգһЩѩޣеѩڴǧãʵѲһЩڵߡ

ͷ뿪ɽǰһһأ޾ѩɽֱڶʱŲ߹һ·̡
ǰߵԽԽͣ˱мòס£һۣȡһŷֽ滭˼ӡעһɴ֮ȥ
ȥ
һӣʱķ׭ȥס׭һȻ࣬вɵһķ׭һʦô
ߡ
ﲻָ࣬һٴμɽǰ߷ȥںʱоܽʱȴ־ãɽ䣬Ҳ޷
󣬶ڴԽããѩɽǰԼԼԴɽǺˡ
ڵˡ
ǰֵɽ¶ϲ֮ɫ˴ʱ䣬켶ˡ
ǰǺô
ǰŴ˴ΪŨת˵ͷƬɽܽˡ
˵˴ԥһ̧ͷصǣȸ㽲켶ɲǵؼ򣬲֮ǰ˳ͨĻһоͶҵġ
ĬȻһ˵Ҫס£һһ²һ¡ڶһʱƽ˾ǧҪ
˵ô

㶵Ŀԭʱһ·ѾõĻڱͻȻϺȫһ֪˵ˡ
ߡ
ﲻָ࣬һɽǰǲԴɽȥ
վԭأþòŻعüһ·Ҷû˵仰㲻˵Ҳ˵ôߣ˵꣬żɽǰ׷ȥ
ڶʱ˽˺ĴΪȥҪ鷳˸˼ϣǻòߵﶼע⡣
ļգʼոоѩɽϸܵʶδȫʧߵ̫ʱ䣬ͬʱҲᾡ̳ܵĵطȥΪԽ̳ܵĵطԷʶԽѰ
֮˺ĵǡǡ
˳ǹģԶǵؼЩҿɱȣܹһǧ߰ٶʮ󷨣ʹգγӺͷ̨ͤ¥ӦоУɽһ㷱ܾסߣǺݵλ֮ˡ
˳ǣΪз뵽ЩѾϯĹңвпӦ޹޼һ켶򣬶һӶֻڷһ壬ӵԴȴֻǲǭףµһϲʲôƽԡ


0371 ¥
ߵһֲ·ڣһ·ڳ黹ùֵֹģСʵôˣ
عҡҡͷû˵ʱһϺһŵ·æ߶ȥ
ÿÿ
ݳһ׳黷ƣƥҲǼѩȫëѩ磬ٶȿ쵽˼ޡ
̫죬һ±嵽˽ǰ׳Ӧֻһ֣ƥܾʱǰ㳯죬׳ЩΪʱס˳ֻ÷ɳȥײ÷顣
һĻʵգ˶ŵöԶ׳ǰ·ʱŭĿԲ޴ʲôˣ
ڿкֱ䵽һ죬ץסǴޣ׳ޱץŭɶˣŵòװΣָ·ϺֱײҲ塣
֮ʣڴһôˣ
׳һκαȴղˣֻõǰ·
򷢣ҪСү飡
ﴫӲͷ׳亹乣æӦһʱҲڻعˣ¶Ƿǣæ䣬ɿ˱ӣ׳ݺݵһۣżݳǰȥ
Ƭ̣ûӰС׷׶ָָ㡣
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ҹĻᴹʱһƬƻ貵Ľ쳣֣ͷһ¥Ի¥Ǻľ¥ջֻиҹӣ壬Žȥѵ
ֻһҾ¥ջ¥Уһ֬ʱ˱Ƕɵ˶ǵķ¥¥ɲŮķ¥ǲ˲ֹһǰ㡣
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һɫȫһգһۣ½ñϣ˵ҳȥһڴ˵ҡ
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̷Ŀӣ̧ͷʱˣҪȥŪŵͼ
㡭СһЩ

ٶԣ¥ȥˣ뿪¥ָȥֱıӰʧڵƻͷתλһﲻ
Լ˽һʱ¥µĸԽԽˣȥôûѽЩżӦڴ˵ȺҲߡ
ʱ¥µĸȻֻͣһ»ĹӴ̤˽ǹ󣬻ĸͬ»ӣƼƤЦһģ壬ӵܡ
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ֱƬ̺󣬺Ȼһ˹ЦλСүȥһ
Ǹڴ˵һλѣӦǲˣһҪǡ
վͷҴ¥ȥˣȻ¥ӰȻ˹סˣǷŸСүǼҲһ㡣
ߵĺЦλСүȾƣ˾ܾ񣿡
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ͷԱ߼˹ȥһɲǣ¥һ㺮˶ܵһɺ⣬ǽ¥ˣʱס˺
һ̣˵ĿⶼϣڣСүվҴҶȥıӰλ죬꣬ԴҴұȥ
һͣ˽ŲССүϴˣСŮӡֻǳǡ˵գͷҴȥˡ
ǡ
СүЦһȻһ̧һɿ緭ӿȥʱ㽫ͷϵĶñ


0372 Сү
һͷںڳɢþ¥˶һ˾ˣһ˳ǣٹ˹
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ÿһ޲ߣҲֻƪ֮ˡ
¥һԭʮžյ輧һȣʱȴȻʧɫ𽥵лĵһҲˡ
ʱȴһֻ˾С¹ŻŵҪñ´ϣб͡ǼۣʱƬƬ飬ɢ俪˽ҲǼ侫ˡ
֮ˣǸղ¥ݿڽĺ¹ӣʱûǼۣ¶ɫȹϢ
رǽ¥ˡˡҲôˣò֮ˣֲСүҪ£ӣӻˣ뵽˴˵˵ɫʮ輧ߵʦſ뿪ˡ
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¶ľɫʵڳ֮ˣ޲ϧ֮⣬Сүеˣ˭˵һ仰
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Ǹ
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ǸСŮݱ΢ʵǳܲ𡭡
һ˵ţһߵͷƿУʱһȻһͣǰȴ֮ǰն۵Ǻ¹ӣֻЦܹ½ȥүƣΣ
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ˡ
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ͣ
һǽǰ½Ҳˣʧɫæסؿڣ˿һֻ˾С¹ΧвֹĿͣɫȻҰ


0373 
Ҫ𣿡¹ӿЦ
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ȥĿ֮£̲סͷһֻֽؿڣἸѾˡ

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ߵĺ¹ȷӦȻɽһɨ˲ߡ
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ī߿ҡͷ̾һŵˡΪ
ʲô
ŴԺСүҲһܿͻָ˹ЩʵʦҲΪ𡭡

ī̾ʱ䣬²¿Ŷꣿ
ôһ˵Сү˹ʱŸеϮոһĻͷ·ǴӹŹ˻һ
ᣬʲôˡ
īȥķһ̣Ҳ˳˼

˵⵵飬ȻټڳУҹ˳ǡ
˳⽼ɫϴɽɫӳóξͨԼг֮ͣ
֪οڣͷСղšлл㡣
û˵ָһϴȥָڵƣ䲻ȵ£ֱɱ˱ǣĳе
һ̧ͷ˿̿Ǳ¹⻹䣬֪ΪΣȴͨͨԽԽˣڣԺǸղŽ¥ԼʱһĻĻ
סѰҕDȣҵ֮ǰûκ˿㡣
䣬һ˵꣬ոڳĵͼȥ


0374 ɱ
ӹĵͼ㶵վԭأʹӰ߳Զ߷·ͣոյĻ
Ǹ㣬ȵȡ
·ڻع첽׷ȥȴ˵˾ߣԼгʮһɽ棬ֻˮ¹ܣӭ滨˱ǣһҹ
ոյĵͼӦ㿴һ¡

˵ͷͼȡǰ䣬һһƴӣֽոǷݵͼóա
֪ȥãͼɣɽķλԽԽˣǵ賿ҹ֮ʱȻָŵͼ˷ܵ㿴
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СһЩǡ
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ʱںڵһԱоͼȻأѯʲôȴʱҲԼԼܵһ˿Ϣ
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ɱԽԽصüв֮ԷѽȻˣɡ
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ô죿
ţףЩҪҲӲ޼˸ûаһ˵ĶϣһУֻԼˡ
ĻסЩ𣿡
ȥһ˿̶ԷŰˣΪ׵ߣΪʮ֮ߣѽӽҪӲĻԣκκô
һ˼ΪϲòԿ
á
ٶԣһ˲⽣ֻϺָһǺʱ˳ȥ
Ϊߵ߼״̹ȻҲһ˲䣬ĻѾ͸ĺһ½˱ѩء
֮УֻããһƬȻȥ֮ʱչ˲ǬԶݶȥˡ
˶ݳǧ󣬲֪ʲôطһɽͣ͵ش˹ÿһ˲Ǭָһ£һԪݽߣ鷳
Աߣ䱸ţԷֹЩͻȻ׷ɱ
Լ˰ʱԻָЩվǰһۣߡһ˵꣬ɽǰȥ
ٸȥļգ⵽سЩֹ׷ɱ·ߵԷָܹơ


0375 ޼
һ磬ԻѪͲϮɱΪЩ͸Ϊˣֻɱֲַ̫졣
ĺɫʱ˲ӵ˺ı߾ͣɱˣ޼˸Źˡ
һۣѵҲɱǣ˾ͻŹ𣿡
һ±˵һŵûϵسںڣǶǵָƣȳ˺޼Ҫ׷ɱǣҲôˡ

˵㣬Ҫɽ֮ʱȴȻɫһ䣬һɲǣܵˣһɿֲϢӿ
ʶ񣬵һ˲䣬ҲȻеޱȣ䣬ǿҪ͸ˡ
ߣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻɽǺһǿϢʱƲ㷭ӿֹһ̣ҲҲˮݣɽ𵴲ֹ
СϷ˵켶Ϸض𣡡
Ǻ洫һµһѪɫʧţ޼ˣˡ
룬ǺƲ㷭ӿ֮УȻһֲӰӰǧɸߣŰʣģ飬²ѣɽ֮£Ҳ·һ±Ρ
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У޼Ŀ⺮䣬ɨˣСԼ־ܣϷԶ֣Լ־ܣпɱԪϷԶ֡
һ±üˣǰһǰо޴Ӱ޼ǰ켶Ҳ֮ˣ׷ɱ󱲣ȥ˷顭
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޼һߣȥˣСߣСӣϷʰ㣡
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¡
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СӣȻ綫ԡ
޼˫Ŀ΢ﾫ˸ԶѾ˼ץȻӦһСС󣬶Щ͹

˵һһҹ֮Ѿ˺ڣǰһƬãã޾ɽȡͼһۣɽŻҪʱ䣬Ǳܽڹڣ˽ڹ޼Ҫ׷ɱǣͲôˡ

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ʱǺȻһֲϢһ׷ˣ
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Ӽ˶ԷϲбʧϹŹҲЩϹŹ־ڱصˡ
һգڹڣڹǺʱҪץסԷˣ޼ⷽԲǧĽӺݽߣҲҪ
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׼á
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0376 ߾
Ǻ޼˵ϢȻƽƿ̲ݻһͨͨͣҲֹͣˡ
۾
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˵֮ʱһǿϢԶһֱ⸽֦ҡҶΡ
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ո׷˴ʶһжˣܹȷ˱˽ڹڣ˺ʿϵΪʶڹҪ̰䷢顣
˿λפر߾ĽΪһϢѹȸУǰ޼ˣü˴ҽڹ߾ʲôˣ
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λһǺʿиЩɣߵĽ۽ʵǺǰ֪ǰν£
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һ˻֣ʱ䱾Ͳ̫һʲôа˽ȥڽڹڴʲôģǡ
˿޼ˣŽɵصǰҶǧ̽һ£ͽҽڹڣȻΣ޴ӡ
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λߣ뵽ԷΪԶԼ֮ϣҲ̫
۽ǰΪܳʾ̵飬ǰ룬һù̴֪ˣҪԴģǰҪΪСĶˡ
޼˫üԽԽˣΪҪǿ߾Ҳʲô£ֻһ»Ϻܴ鷳ֻǵؼЩСûʲôڹ켶ĴŹ֮һ˵һ޼ˣٸҲҷ
ʱȻԶˮ̶ˮǴɽģˮ̶жҲֱ治ԽԽˮйŹ֣˵λܷȥ̶ˮû


0377 ɣ֮Ӱ
֮λתԶ̶ˮȥ̶ֻˮģˣ
ǽ۽תƢɲƺ۽ôã޼˵ǰˮ̶ƽֵǴˮ󷹵ĵضҲ˵Ѿôãʱǰ˽ȥĪǧֵܣϹӲɣ
㡭
޼˱˵һͣȴŭں˸˵ѱһˡ
Ǻ۽ɱҳԲѷ˵ɣ˹ȥǰΣ
޼˵ͷǺ۽˿˿ǼҲԣ̷УԼķɽ̶ˮնȥնˮĽ˴Լʱ䣬ŷɻֵˮˡ
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۽΢΢ףת޼˿ȥЦǰҲˣˮ̶ﲢˡ
ҲգŶλˡ
޼ɱɲô뿪׷ôãۿŵֵķߣܸģȻǿУڸҸضŻǱȥ

˵˵ȥģˮ̶棬̶ˮǧߣ̶ʯθӣԲܶ㿪󷨵Ѱ
Ϣȥ̶׵ģȻ˲Ǭˣ˲Ǭʹ˲ݳǧ֮⣬ӹǿе׷ɱɶˮνʮ
֮ǰ˴˴󷨽ʮǿվ̶ˮʱܣֱӶݳǧ´ʱ֣ⷢӲ
˿̣ˮ̶£ʱŲסˣϰһűˮʱлܳš
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ֹȥʱʿԾػѲţ޼˱ȻҲڸûߣȴѾŲסˡ
֧ȥˣָӡһŵȥǿҲʩչһˮ
ڳŵ֮ʱֵҹʱ֣ˮ̶ʿѲأϢȥˮʱȴнŲ̽סˡ
ǽŲԽԽӦˣˮģˮ̶ϣͣһ˵˵ǸˣΪôߣԼͽҲץס˵˱˵ѡ
Լã
ꡭ
ʲôصġ
Ҹ˵֪𣿳˶ϱ߾߼ɣɽ˵ǺܾǰħսһɽЩһֱУҵǰȴ˵֪λʲôǳ겻ɢȻʼɢˣҵɽڡ
⡭Щģôû˵ٵİɣģ̻˰Ϣˣ֪
ꡭȻˣҪȻǸʲô޼ƣڹȥɣ֮ɽȴʲôͽ߽ܵɳ
ң˰ɣģЩ飬ʲôϵ˵ˣˮ˻ȥˣɭɭ˵ģ˵ˮ̶²˰ɣôϸо쬵ģơ
˿Ǳˮ£˵ĶԻһһϱȥ֮󣬶˲ˮ棬˴˶һۣŴʱºڣ˰ɽȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãʱѾԶ˽ڹı߾ϵˮҲѸˣһͣ
֮ǰ˵Ļ㶼ôתһۣʵ

˵ͷ֪˵Ǹλãǵͼʾûˡ
޼˻׷ɱǱ뾡졣
һɫ˼޼˻׷ɱ⣬֮ǰǶԣ棬ô˴ȥɣ֮ɽˣܻкܶ࣬ôˣ͸Ӳܵˡ
ʮ죬˼Խڹ޼ˣ׷˽ڽڹں⶯ʶѰ򾪶˽ڹḶ́Ҳûùӳԡ
һҹĻʱѾ˽ڹϱһԭıСЩȴ֪ιʣʿѿջˣﶼˡ
ӣӦģβôˡŽֵС˵
̫࣬ҪȻǻǳȥɡ

˵ͷԭôЩ·̣˴ҸطúЪϢһ£㾫ߣڣӻҪ¶ɽ롣
漴С򣬵뿪ڹ߾֮ʱҹʱ֣º䣬ɽһһأ̲ͷ
ĵͼһ߿ŵͼķλһС˵Щûеͼҵɣ֮ɽ׼ȷλãȻЩʱգеͼҵ
˿ͼʱʾ֭֮ǰЩͼп̻ģҳɣ֮ɽ׼ȷλڣЩطԾģ壬ƾԺľȷ·ϲ

΢΢˵ͷǰһʼջ࣬Ҳ࿴һۡ
ʱȴµľҲãҲãԭİһ·˹ȻһЦڿ쵽ɣ֮ɽˣҪҵĕDȣҲҵˡ
Ȼͣת˵ҵDȣӴұ㻥ǷģʱҪߣĳΪѡ
һ£û뵽˿Ҫ˵ģЩѵ£ȫֻԼѰҕD
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߰ɡٶԣתǰȥˣһ죺ȵȡ
˵ҵDȺ󣬹ҪߣĳΪѡ
ǡ
ȻճһЦֻ֪ʲô֡
һ
һ
̧֣ͷЦְܺ˭ȡġ
ʱԷһֵĿ⿴ԼŻȻȻǸĸȡˣĻԼԼʳ޴
ͽܣʦһɣ
ԭֻתһ»⣬ȴ֣˵󣬶ԷøӺˣ֪ǲ˵ʲôͷСǸ
߰ɡ
ٶԣǰȥˡ
˵ͼϱֻ֮ǰһƬżܴһɽӰӣɽӰʱʱ֣رɣ֮ɽӰˡ
ǰ棬ɣ֮ɽˡ
ǰǰֵɽѰµɣɽҵˣ˿ȴ֪ΪΣҲ˷ܲ
磬ҵDȺȴûҵҪҵĶô죿Сʵ
һû⣬ʱһԼ˺·Ͳپȫ
߰ɡ˵꣬ǰİȥգ۱ʧӰ
ȵҡ
ʧڰ׷ȥȻ׷ȥΧȴǰҲӰˡ
һģһü˵һ


0378 þ
ΧԽԽŨˣѿУãҲӦ˿ʧƬһһɿ־Уͷ
ʱȻе˭һ£һתȥȴ֪ʱԼˡ
㡭㡭
ؿָָǰߵһƬ૵ողǰôҺˡ
üͷһ壺һ㣬ոôʲô
ʲô
ٴһ£̾벻ԣոԼǰߣȻʧˣͻȻԼ棬йŹ֡
ʱǺ֮Уһһģһü˵һ
ʱһⲻԼô¡
ֻǺİ棬һӰһģһһһԼһɲǣĳ㯣һˡ
ӣɽŽܹʹ˲þӦǹʱĳλ£ĿǷֹɽ
İ²
عǸոաոҷˣѵҲҵĻþ𣿡
㱾Ǿ֮ͨˣʹԼþһֵۣǸ˵߰ɡ
ȵҡ
һΣͻȻʧ˾дҹʱ䡣
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΢΢һȻδ˵꣬ǺİȻӿһϢѾ͸˹
ֻﴫһɭɭЦС·Ϸ򻹽⴫˵еɣ֮ɽٺٺ١

һȷӦǰߵŨзȥǺߵİһӰ޼ˡ
أǻܡ
޼ϺȻ¶һ˿ЦݣʹǰɷǵʣһµȻ޴档
ԭǰյɣɽʱѾ׷ȡǰĽѵڲغϢּɽʹЩһֱϢ
Ѱһʱ䣬ܴԽɽУѰѵͼӡԺóֻʱɽУȴ֪޼Ҳں棬طǰѴ˸˽
˿ɽ֮У˼ٱţһֱû뵽޼˾Ȼں棬֪ȥDҪĳˣڰ޼Ҳˣô죿
Ǹû뵽˻һֱں桭
˫ü壬Ҳ̧ͷһˣϸһЩͲ޼˸ˡ
ҡҡͷ㣬Ҷûвһֱں桭
Լ㰲һЩ˿üʵô죿ҪӲĻ²˵Ķ֡
ҲüȻͣͻȻͣ£ֵؿԼҲͣʵôˣ
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һɫһ±࣬ûˣʹҵкã
˿ɫӣˣѾɣ֮ɽǰɽȴѲ⣬ʲôҪ޾԰ܹԸ޼ˣԼԼ¡
ǡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣֻƼˮ꣬˻ɣϵѽʱϢߵΪλҪѰҕDȣ
ֻʱŵҵôһŵڣǾӣȴΪҲҪһŵԼҲ֪ɡ
á
˵ͷȴ䶨ȻѾɣɽôΣҲҪҵDڣ䲻֪ҪȵǸ˾˭һŵڡ
ǺǡϷ֮ҿˡ
ʱǺŨ֮УȻִ޼˿µ
̧ͷǱ߰ѾӿֻеһϣСˡ


0379 Ԩ
ߡ
ֽں棬ǷӿԽԽҵİԪѽת
ǡأ
跨׷ţǶ˶Ӳ
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˵ˡߣ
תͷȥҪҵDȣͺúûţҪˡ˵գһȥ˲㽫ԶŨ֮С
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ʱ޼Ѿ׷Ӱ˳תĿؿ･ֵӰƥξ㲻ݣ˼ˣ˲öѪ롣
СӣӣɽдƣҿĶʩչ
޼˵ӰȻг֣ԪһߣݡöѪʱ˹ȥ
ԻѪãǳ뻯鷢ǰ޼˱ϾΪڻѪһ˲䣬ͲΣձƽ
޼˷Ӧ֮죬䲻֪ʲôСӣһöѪ룬ݡ˹ȥ
Ҳһ˲䣬ӰѾʧŨ棬ͲָܹƾöѪϮɱ޼ˣոֻΪסԷһ¶ѡ
Сӣϵ£ҿӡ޼䣬һһ˲׷ȥ
ɣɽ׷ҹԽߣ֮Խ࣬ѾȫǴ˵ɽˣһϹʱʧĽ֮ء
⼸գɽе裬ЩԼһЩֵֹϹֲɹ͵Ϯ޼˼ΣҪشȴЩѡ
һգ׷һƬŨɽ棬޼ڲĵطΪÿЩط͵ϮɽнĶ࣬ƫƫҶôٵɽȣҪ鷳
СӣϷѾˣ
⵽͵ϮһΣ޼˱쳣ССֶȻ͵Ϯ
ɽԽԽˣ޼ס˺˴нƣʶҲ̽ȥʱȻݡһʲô˹
޼ʱɫһݣһץǷץסˣһȴֻһͨʯӶѡ
Сӡ
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ݣݣݣ
˵꣬мʯӷ˹ʯӸԽԽܼһ˷֪ںδ
޼һӦЩ˷ʯӣһӦԷλãʱһöѪȻԺ
޼һ˲һܿѪĹһƳѪķȥ
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һƣ˲Ϣδ䶨վȣѳؿڴһǴУǵõϲɡ
鼱֮£˲˫ǰһƣӲ޼һƣԭһ֮ɳȥһʵ̫ͣ˫ϣ˲ܿƵ˳ȥ
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Сӣҿ㻹жܣ
޼ָһ˫ʩչһѸǰ׷ȥ
ɽ׷磬֪ҹĻҲ֪ʲôطǰһǿ
˫ĿһֻǰߵɽһǿγѺۣóȻУֻ˲ͻᱻ֮˺÷顣
СӣǰɽѲ㣬Ҫǲ·ǵĻͼǰܡ
Ǻ洫޼˱һߣƥе׷ԣ
䣬ֻ˫ӡһ˶ʱһ֧ҵݵһѺ۵гȥ
Сӣ
޼˶Ȼһû뵽Сӻ˲ҪѺȥӦʱһɿֲѳ
ΪóȻѺ۵УʹҲǣΪһ̾Ҳ˿ֵסӿ
¡һһ뱻ǿµеУɽһ¾ǵλһɽƶ
֪ȥ˶ãеУ·֫ٺҪһ㣬ֻеһʹֻ䡱һ䵽˵档

һֻ̣оȫͷǿҪɢһûվ䡱һԶҲһϸ֮£ǱñҪǱѵ޼ˡ
˿޼ȫ飬ްɷǵӣͷģ·ߵĽлӡ
Сӡŭ˲ʹŽһ˹Ϸǽʬβɡ
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ֻŻãæһ죺ǰȵȡ
ôС֪ˣողǻƥˣ޼˫ͨ죬ɱڣһ˹
ҡֻ֣Ի֮ƣ˵ǡǰ˵ҪɱҲ٣ȿ⸽ǡˣ
Ŵԣ޼ڲʲôͣ˽ŲһɲǣȻޱȣΨ紵⸽ʱʱȫëȻɫȻ䡣


0380 ԨŶ
ֻԨ£һĵ׹⣬Щ׹ģǱʲôصʬ
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˵ɣ֮ɽϹʱйһħսܴ˴ʬ㲻Щݵصħ𣬵ҲΪʮָߵˣ򺡹ǲԾδΪ
⡭
޼ͷһԭΪѾˣҲһĸ֣ǿ˿ԨʬǣȻеЩëȻЩ˾ôģ
ͻȻ䣬һ粻֪Ӻδ˹޼˵ʱ˸飬䱸ѲԶʱˡ
ܹܵ˴أ˿̳޼ʧ֮ʣתԪʹԼָ
ԼСʱ䣬ǹʧˣǰһƬɢ׹ʬ֮أȴԽԵùɭɭˡ
޼һӶȥСӣ
֪룬һ䱸ţһ˵쳾£δۣвĵǰҪɱҵҲ绹뿪˵أңܶҪ
á
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аЦһƥԭҲһ㣬һкοɾ壿룬ȴ˵ãǰ߱ǣ
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޼˵һۣСӣϷᱻطϷָؽ
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Цһȴװµӣǰİ֮ȥ޼Сں棬κη紵ݶ̽䱸
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Ȼһǰ洵˳ͣ˽Ų޼ҲͣĿǰߣȻʲôҲƲ塣
СӣҪˣʲô
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ȥɽһŶͻǰǽȥ𣿡˴ЦһߣǰͲ𣿡
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Сӣʲô𣿡
޼Զ䱸š
Щ֮ضнɣѴ⣬һɽʲôµĶˣһʱߣСЩ˲Ҫǣνɣ֮ɽ˵ɽҵʲôõı


0381 
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һӦ޼ˣһϸ鿴ЩŷֲһʯӣһͶȥŵʱһţ˲ʹƴת
һִӵϼһʯӣԣ˹ȥƬ̣޼ֻ治ϴˡȴʲôֲóȻ߹ȥЩͷСӣʲô
ڡͶʯ·ǰԵȣϾͺˡ
Ѵתɣ޼ԽйŹ֣κֲҹȥֻͻȻһȣСӣ
ȴȥ޼˸Ƕ϶թһȣ
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㡭Сӣ
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ʱ棬޼䱸ţ˵Щ׹ȫϾ˵أ̫ˡ
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Լʱ䣬ڹŶ棬涴ѨݺύʮָӣˮҲ֪ǴӺδ
ӣŶн겻ˣǽײѺۣ׹ԨŶɳڴˡ
ǰʯһЩֵֹıڻЩԶͼڣЩǼ÷ģһЩ̫ĹŴ֡
﾿һطЩ׹ô£߽һЩ̫ܿʯ֣Щڻȴܿһ
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΢΢һڻĴžǷɣӦǴ˵еġڡˡ
һ£ӿ϶ˣDȾɣɽУɣڕDȣ񻰴˵ġ
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ʱɽԼԼһ˿Ϣ͸˳ʶ̲׽˿ϢԴСȥ
һ䶴Ѩŵһɳ֮𴦾Щͬ˴Ӧںǰ
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˿Ϣȴһʯ֮£ʯŲֻ澹Ȼһ״צ˵ֱ۴ϸͨʳɫϢǴֵĳצ洫ġ
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΢΢һʲôһʱֻԺҷһϹɲǼ߱ȫǱһһ
㡣Ҳһ˲䣬ֺȻԺ֮С
Щŵؿǰצ˵ֻ㣬ѵһֻһ
һǽȻֻѰ˵ֱ۹һϸֻķȴǼأԼжǳķӣòġ
ֻһֱû뵽վϹʱڵ㣬ȻܹڷһˣǳԽĴڣӦΪ
ֻһǱնɵĴڣȴ֪мֻ㣬ʧȥ˼еĹʡ
濴ϸСѺۣӦĳϹŴսʱµģ̾ϢһϹȴҪˣӣ໹ʹĴΣ٣޷޸
һֿǵϵʯ˼˭ڴ˴ģԨİ׹ǣĪҲйϵǱɱΪ
Ľ㣬ΣԵɺôҪģǾָȻȥ

һϵʱȥˣѴ޼ڶһҹһ߻ָһ䱸ܣڣѾָˡ
Ƕȥҹ̫δܿ壬ȴǿסڵľʯ棬ֵķģƿƵĹؼڡ
СӣϷסܡ
޼ɱһ֣ǶȥϸķģȻʼƽơ
ԼһʱǶڵĽѾԽԽˣ޼ҲԽԽأһһƲʯϴȥʱøɽҡػΣֹ
СӣٲϷ׽סǰɻҲɣ
޼ŭһҪʩƣʱڴǰס֣Ҫٴˣٴȥɽʱ棬ҪĶҲòˡ
Сӣڿϳô
޼ɱ䣬ǿѹסͷŭ𣬳ڳϷһ
ˣȴ룬Ϸ̳һƻԪʱ㻹ܣ
ǰ˵㻰ֻҪҳͲɱң
ϻ
һҹ޼Ѿûˣֻž˴ˣȻ뿪ɭɭİ׹ԨҲ֪ΪΣԨʼոһ쳣ѹصİ׹ǣԨıɽһǰˡ
ˣҳˣǰԶһЩ
ϻ
޼һЩͬʱҲһԪֻ¡һǷסڵľʯڴˣȻڶڡ
Сӣ
޼˫һ²Ѫ˿һ̧Ҫȥæһ죺ǰ
ΣСӣ㻹ʲôԽ
޼ͣթɽκŷ
ɽҵĶǰҪҪһ£
ʲô
޼üëøˣСӹƶˣһûʲôõĶ
ô
Ȼ̧ͷһɲǣͻȻ˸һһ±ü亮ˣǰͿϸˡ


0382 
ʲô
һɲǣ޼˺һϣܵһ쳣ǿǲ˼ߵ
Сӣ㡭
޼˵ʱɫһ䣬Ҫ˹ֵȻȴѾһó˽㣬ȥ
һɲǣɽȾһǽʱųҫ۹â̫һʹۡ
ˣ
޼ɫұ䣬һ˲䣬ԥҧ⣬һھѪҪʩչѪ֮ߡ
Ȼվһδ룬ǽĽͷųɹâһ³ȥ
¡
һ죬ԨһߵɽֱӱѣԨǿҪһ㣬ʱһŨŨĳ
óɢ֮ʱֻǰǧ֮ڣѱΪƽأɽͷԻΪ˷ɻңߵɽֱӱˣҲѿһ׵Ѻۣ޼ˣѾڸղһ֮Уˣҽû¡
⡭
ǰֲٿĽ㣬Ҳ΢΢һ£û뵽Ȼ֮󣬻ողδȫ¡
ٿ㣬һ±࣬ϸСѺۣҲ࣬ЩϧȻѾˣʱڣжǸ

̾һЩ˵ĸоôõıȴⲻٵˣոһ£ֻɱһ޼˵ķߣҲᶯýɱˣ̫˷ˡ
һԨ･ƽСǰ޼вûˣղɱֻ޼˵һ䱾𣬴ʱȻҲûٰʮ꣬ǱָԪˣԶѾûʲôв
ҪγȥȻҵû·äĿѰң֪ʱҵDڣҲпܣѾ뿪ɣɽˡ
죬ǽɣ֮ɽĵˣɽУϵΪóӦǲʲôΣա
ͨһҲõ̫࣬˫һ㣬ȥ
ԨϷ¸ӶȥףԨ澿ʲôѲȤҪ飬ǾҵDȡ
ǰһһҹѲ֪ʲôط⸽ȴǽɢˣֻƣƽ̶ˮģľӰ棬Ѻࡣ
ʱȴͻһ·УһĹУǰͬʱһǿϢ
ʶزһʯ棬ʶ̽ȥֻǰɽԼжʮˣƺǱˣ·Ǹˣʲô˴һȥɷǵߡ
ӣ㲻Ҫ̫֣ɺôҲǸ˵ģΪڴǿȡᣬѵͲ׷𣿡
ѹϷڴ˵ߵĶѵжɾ𣿻ǴӱģҪϻ콻
㡭
ʮ˶ֻܽӴ˵ߵıһ³˱ȻΪЩˣһ߰ɡ
ʮֻ÷߷뿪ָŭԣ˭˼ڵĸ֣ɱԼ
ԶλСѣô죬Ҳó˰ɡ
ӽղ˽ıһպãȻڵʯĿ⡣
ֻ·˵أʲôҲû
ʯͷ˳ȻܹӦóԷΪкڣҪǣһλǿߵı𣬾޼ǵɱȡ
ߣ
һߣһۣ
Ҳԣ˹ȥƽ޹һ鷳ܽɱκһĸְ֣װ׺һΡ
´ȻЦһСӣϲ˲ٺñ
û˵ȥǵ˵ˣֻ·˵أԸǰҲûɽκζ
е˼
һЦĴᱦͷһȲСЦһҲգϷЩʲô˵գһ̧һɾʱ
Ѹͣɲһչ˲Ϣ˳ȥӼ¶̰֮ɫ
Сӣе㱾¡
һΣֻһߣָһ㳯ͷȥһڵ֣߳ǺεѸݿֲ
ɽȣʱطɳʯ֪ӲһˣֻӲԪһ˲佫о;ת
֮⣬Ĳ⾳һɲǣʶһ㼤˳ȥ̼ɢʮøղŻδԶǶʮˣԸеĪһϡ
ǡ
˫ĿһԭһɲǣǸӦʲôһ˲ջع˻ȥڵ棬ŵؿǰˣһ̣Ҳ˼ּɵ֮ɫ


0383 
ôܡ
ЩţոһɲӦľǷĳ⾳Ϣ
ǰˣϵΪ綼ûﵽôܸ⾳
⾳󣬱ɷ֮𣬵Ҫ⾳ϵľ緽УӵΪδϵ֮ģ
Сӵ⾳ƺ⾳⾳ƺΪɲ⣬⵽ô£
ֱʱӲע⵽űһЩήĻݣһСӳ˸ղһŵ⾳ϻһֵϢ
һɲǣʲôһǰˣȸеɻЩɵʵСѣʦкţ
޿ɷ档
䵭֪ŵЧӿɲ޼˷޴ҲΪˣʹЧ
ԡԡ
ۣһشĳֹҲǣ
񵭵Σ
һ˵Ȼһ˿Ҿ˵һΪδϵˣ⾳ӣ֮£ˡ
ϣҲδؼǡ

ͷһЦСӣ㵱ϲ˲˵Ҫ⹦Ϸͻƾ磬ɹϵΣ
һЦ¼ƻѳ߷֣˵ȻԣҪǰͻƾ硣
Ŷ
ٴۣСе˼˵ʲôʵΣ
֪ǰ˴ɣ֮ɽΪʲô
Цһɣ֮ɽΪʲôȻΪɽйʱıȴ˵˳Ӧ⡣
ҲЦһΪ˵ˣǵְѡ족ϣҲãֻҪΪ˷ɣ֮С
Ŀ⣬ʵСɣ֮ɽΪΣ
ɣ֮
һΣȴֱԲؽĿĵ˳
΢һ˼ԭΪǴ˵ܹ֮
ǰܹɣ֮˳뿪ɽȵ㽫ؾǰΣ
ӸղӶϵı֮ʱҲѾ˶Է⣬Ҫӣõɣ֮
һɣ֮ɽ˲֪ˣҪǧ˵˳õɣ֮һʹõˣҲ⵽˵׷ɱڵΪɣ֮ɽ棬е֣ôǿһ֣ΪãԸղţǹųϢġ
ٺ١
Ц˼ЦСӣ㵱ϷС׺ƭɣȥˣһ֮شϷȥ㣿
ǰԸ⣬ҲֻˣΪ⣬¿ȸǰһЩ
һ˵ţһߴȡЩЩ֮ǰ׷ɱЩģЩǷЩǵҩһЩڻмؼҲŵģʱóӵˡ
ӿȡЩǷƷСϹȻŲٱ˿̣ȴʲôȤˣΨǱ뿴Ǿʲô񹦾ѧܹʹһδϵˣǰ⾳
һ湦ǽΣ룬Ѫڲˡ
˿Ķǰ𣿵ȳȥ֮ʱǰֶΣ¾Ҫӣӵȥ
̧ͷһۣҲЩüǷɣֻ񻰴˵УһûУϷһˣ
ǰ뵣ģD֮УзɣδҲԹˣʱȻὫǰ
˿˵óϿңĿ⣬ͷãһأڲƭϷס⾳ϷҪɱ㣬ˣҲֻǶѼѡ
ȻЦǲҡ

ۺ룬Щɵؿʵɣ֮ɽȰڹ֪Dںδ
һ֪ǰЩգɢˣֻҵܴҵDȡ
ѣüѳʲôôɽȥ
ң뿪˴ѭ֮ǰļ·ߣȻʶչѰܹҵ
áӿ˵ͷǱԡ
Ȼһ仰û˵Ѿ뿪ɣɽˣϵѾûˣҲѲɽС
ûжϣϾҲֻƼˮ꣬ʲôո˵޷סӶѡ


0384 
Ѳ֪˺δһ·ҲɣɽˣмڵߣڣЩ˽Ǳ֮û˸鷳
һյƻ轫ʱһɽ棬ȻǰдʶһɨȻʱ⵽ʮ˵׷
СӣȰ㻹ǲҪˣǼҹӣȥٷˣգ»֪ʲô˰ɣ֪ˣžͻԹͶͱˣ
ֻʮ׷ţΪһˣǸӣ»òӢֻǣȴ¶һĨḡЦݣһɫ׭ΪǷ׭Ҳܲ
һ죬Ҫӹʮ׷٣ʲô£ɶԷƫƫһַ׭ܹĻǷ׭һλĸƣʮ
㻹ǵһñ˸ȤġǺǡ
¹¶аЦȻָһǵ׭ʱһѪȥ
ɫһ䣬ҪߣӰȻǰһ˹
һ⧲ֻһʧأ󵹷˻ȥպñǷ׭һѪбġ

һƺߣһɲǣǹͻȻסһƮƮ׹ȥȻ棬ֻһ˫ִӺ潫סˣ̧ͷһɫһ䣬ȴǽ¹ӷ
Сˣôˣ
¹ааһЦһֻֽţһֻ֬һļϻȥ֬ơ
ָԼؿڻʱʧɫǿԪһȥٽŷ֮ȥ
վ֮Ǿδæ½ȥǽ¹ӿааһЦԽǿܣԽҪ㵽Թһʼʱ򣬲ҲһôǺǡ
£ָֻһ˫һţʳһŵɫɷףȥȴʱһ˿Ӷӹֻ͡һѪĽǽ¹ӵֱ֣ӷ˳ȥѪʱ·ߵĲݴԡ

¹ӵʱһ˺ѷεĲҽУֻҼϱ۴Ѫ罦ֹʮ˼һĻҲɵˣӣ
ͻһĻҲסˣʱߵĶ֪
㡭
̧ͷվԼʱƴסһ㡣
ٿǽ¹ӣ嶼ѪȾˣոһʵ̫죬쵽Ҳδֱ۱㱻նԷնľʱڣ
˿ߺȻֵǸӺɫһ󺰵ɱɱ
ʮڻʱ͵˹һһɽӿȥ¡һʱʮѪ˳ȥ
ǽ¹ӸǱһĻŵľѣҲ˵ˣʱ뵽ʲôֻͻȻһö㣬Ҫ֮ʱԶȻһԣ϶ȵ㣬Ȳ㡣
˭˭
¹ӸŵûɸֻһɫӰٿȻƮƮԣɷǣȴӡ
㡭
¹Ӻһϣǰ˸ѹΪкڣһϵԼһڵүү˭

һ䣬ǽ¹ŵûһһڵĸ֣ƨҲٷһʰԼϱۣŻźʮԶȥ
ʮ˵Ӱʧӿȥʵ˭
ӿʮߵķ򣬵ȸؼҵСүؼҸɵйȸĵλӹɣط磬ȴǸǿķ˲ˣҪүүϻڣ类˳ǮܻڣҲ㲻ˣնһۣպ鷳
ٶʣ⼸ȻѾ֪ӵݣȸɢޣɢ棬ΪǺܸˡ
ؼʲôģ˿Ȥתͷȥôûгȥ
ҡ
̧ͷһۣͷȥСҲ˵ˣҪҵDô
ԭΪ뿪ˣȴû뵽ɽԼѰDȡ
ʱ˹һۣʵ˵λѣ

ͷ̧ͷӿȥȻܹܵóǰΪ֮ߣԶǰЩ׷ɱԼǸ޼֮ϡ
λǰ˵
ǰ
һ£ΪôߵˣνʶģЩ죬ǰ


0385 D

ۺ룬΢΢ף񡣡˴ͣһʵҵDںδ𣿡
ƺڿҵDȣ˿ȥЩԥò˵ǰõɣ֮ġ
ôһ˵֮ŷ˵Ѿҳ·λˣֻǱǰмɣҵģǰ˽ɣ֮ɽһȥ˕DȣǵĿҲǷɣ֮ԡ
һ뵣ġ
Ļֻ뾡ȥǡ
á
˵ͷȴЩ̫ӣΪڻ֪ʶ˵ġ
߰ɡ
ǰĺɫֵɽһۣ˲ԥ̶DǱ߷ȥˡ
һ··ҹʱ֣󣬴ﴵͬʱͣתŶ˵ȥǰ߿Ǿڴ˰ɡ˵꣬ӡһһǰϿȥˡ
Ӱʧںҹ֮УãתӵΪܸߣʶģΪҪõɣ֮
һ£һôȥȡ裬Ϊ
ƶǶӲԵ޹ʰæʵ޼أ֮ǰӹ׷𣿡
ˡ£ص
ˡ
һһСʵǡǰɱ𣿡
ǡ
ƽ󣬸һѵ޼ǵǱɱ
һ˾˵ˣ콥䣬Щ˸ѣʱͶȥһľ֦Ȼǽľ֦ȼճɻҽǻ棬ȴǻδӡ
Աߣǰӣֵӣʼ䣬þ˿¹⣬ɼȴһֱϡ
ԽԽˣ˿̣֪Ϊλῴѻ𷢴һʱǿһѪɱ֣еĽģɽˣи
һҹʱ䣬֪˯ˣɣɽЩһ˯˰ȣһʼİӡ
ԱߣһֱŻѣΧԽǰԺԽӣ·нɱ֮ԺﲻеɱҲȻԽԽˡ
һɲǣ·ǰĻ֮УһҹѪɺӵĹŴ壬һҹٵ壬˰ЩѪĴ񣬿ɱǲ֮˵ĹЦ
һԲ֪ݡ
һԲ֪ݡ
ΪҪ壬ΪҪ壡
Ȼ䣬һ紵ʹǰĻȼյøʢˣһ⣬Ȼȫɱ¾Ļ棬ѪȵĻ棡ԹΧߣХѪɺӵĹŴ壬Ҳһҹ塣
ͻȻ䣬˫۲Ѫ˿Ѫ죬·߻ħļ󣬲֪˶ãˣһ˿ҲϨˣȻһƬܵĻҲһȫʧˣΧְ
㡭ôˡ
ѾѪʱһϸϸȴؿǱղɢɱˡ
δǰӺʱйղµģǲ߻ħ۵ĳޡ
۾ȫǳޣһɻѪĳޣ
Уصĳޣ˸ǸղһӶţϦദ˿µӣԭÿҹһɳ޵޾ĥħƹ
˿ȴǺ£ۣһῪڵİӡ

֪˶ã콥ˣǰĻϨֻʣµɢĻǣ峿ķ磬
ʱ潥ֻһӰ˽ӻˣʵǰѾ̽ʲô
һ̣ʲôҲûһҲͷ˿һۣ˵⸽кܶˣңһӦˣмϹҲɽУʱ֪ǵݡӣɣ֮ȷʵ֣Բôˡ
üҺڣȻõɣ֮·ǳѣ˿Сʵǡڼ̶𣿡
²˳٣̶
ǽ¶ǰ׵Ķȥ˫ĿαɱһѪ·ҲҪѷɣ֮֡

·֮£ҵǴ˵еĕDڣֻǵʱǻƻ䣬Dڴ˵ճĵط⸽ԲѾһŨŨİ
̫ˣֻеȵϣЩŻɢ
ǰŨŨİͣ˽Ų⣬ﻹˣӶڵɢ
ԡճͻɢĻô˴˱ЩգΪδʱȥƺȴûһ˽D棿
Ũ˼вЩɻѵڕD滹ʲôƣʲô˶ȥ
ʱȻһЩɳƶɭɭСֵܣǰߡ߲ˡ


0386 
ͣ˽Ųתȥֻ˺棬֪ʱһձߡ
һ״ӣŸľȣ϶ѻƣȥǴ˿صɣҶһɿݣͷҲϡϡ裬ȥ쳣ϣ·ʱҪӡ
߿ӣȴܹD棬һǴ˿̣֣ʶ޷֪ԷΪ˿Ϊʮָߣٲ֮¡
ӺʱҲתȥǰֵձߣΪɫ䣬Աߵȴǽ̶Էһ˲֮ˣѾˣͻȻ˹һ
Ŀ⣬ʵǰγƺ
ȿȡ
ձ߿ֻǺһ£ǰߣȥˣһȥֻķݣΪٸߡ
ֻһ߻˵ţһľȣŲǵһȥˣӰʧ˴С
ʧıӰܸоЩֵֹģ룬ԼǰߣҲǰԽԽأȻȥDȣȺһҹ
ҪȻҸطһٿɣ
˿ˣѾ˕D棬ôһУֻпˣۼĸ°ﲻʲôæ
ӿȥʲô㣬ӳ˼Ƭ̣Ÿոձʧķյ˵ͷ
˱ȥѰһߵأҵһɽ㾲һҹɢˣȥǰô¡
һɣ֮ɽˣɹҵDڵˣǲ˽Ǹձߣڼ䣬Ӧ⼸ǿϢ⸽ĸ֡
ŵҹʱ֣ȻʼɢˣԼԼ¶£һɲǣǸӦʲôߵڱߣȻԶеͳ޺ȻͳȴⷽԲﶼһʮֲĸо
ʲô
΢΢һҲ˳˳Ŀȥ޺֮ƺǴӶ߷ҲDǱߴ
ã޺ʧ˰˶ϢŸղ޺ķȴûһ˸Ǳ߿ȥΪٸߣķ
Һýհûйȥ
Ǹղ޺ķȻ֪Ϊʲôȥôˣȴʼһ˽D棬հձȷģһ˵ΪٸߣȥǱߣҲֻ

ʱڰȻһϵ̾Ϣ
˭ֻ̾ǺڰУȻ˻ĽŲţ¹£һ͵ӰǰǸֵձߡ
϶ѻƣǴ˿ɽһһ绯ʯһͦˣҹԵÿֲ󣬲˿ʶ߿˿
ﲻغ£಻˺㡭
ձߴɳƵɤһ˹Ҳ֪ΪΣܸоǴӹײģʮˡ
ȥ˹֣ǰּˡ
δš
ձɽһۣɳƵɤδ̣λѣγƺ
ɽ˳ӡ
ԭǵѡ
ձ΢΢ͷɳƵ棬ӡ
֣΢΢һֲôһʼ˾͸һĪѹԭɽׯĶׯӣֻǴǰ˳ʧܣپΪʲôڻúúõģѵ֮
ԭǰ
ӹ˹֣һǰǲӱ곤꣬һǰӦãֻǴ˿̣ȴЩ㷲ѵҲΪ˷ɣ֮
˾㻹δҲһֻѾ̤ˣһҲҪɣֻ֮еѰˡ
˿ȥ࣬вʱˣȴٳδܽD棬뷽޺йأγԼǰ˱
ǰһʵŶ޺֮ǰԴǷ֪һ

ۣ׵޷Ѱ֮ޣӡǴ˵̫ԹƣǧϣͼDߣΪʳطţͼǱ룬ֱˡ
һ£˼ǣû˹ȥҲû˽ȥDȣ

ϡϡĺ룬ǰǣ𣬴šˡ


0387 
𣬲ˡЩû̫Ļʵǰγԣ
תȥ˵ӵڵһգճߣ֮ʼҲӦߣΪʶӣΨһǱǡ
˵֮΢΢һ㶣ԭֻΪӡޣֻǡ
˵˴Ȼ̧ͷһһؿһ̣Ƕ˻һˡ
Ҳ𽥱ǰԺ⡭
Ǻǡ
ЦЦɳƵСѲˣǽһιײĵˣȻһΣôϤʱŵǹŨŨ
ʲô
ɫһ䣬ŵؿԱӣȴüһɽСӽʱСȷʵһʮֹϢΧĲľήˡ
һ˵ţһ߽ˣʹڣһ̺֮Ķѹǣȴڲصˣһεζء
һΡ
һһȫ˵ˣţܹţǰӣʲôһΣ
ʱޱ飬һΣԼԭһô
Щ磬ҪܴﵽĪˣԼ⾳ô
ԼʲôʱһεģǴɽǴ£ǡԼõʱ򡭡
˿гɻÿÿӿ֮ʱоԼѾһסһꡭ
Ǻǡ
ߵǰɳƵЦЦСֵ˵˵෽˵ԣǼ٣
عǰ򵥵ձˣǰƻ˵һ
ãá
ӵ˵ͷɳƵڕDǰDнƣ˭Ҳ޷ͻƣֻػһ·ʱ⼸סޣС׼ǰͷȻ޷ɱ֮£ܣǷɴɢ֮ȥDȡ
ȵȡ
֮ȻæӵǰˣDҪʲô˵ãҪǶɣ֮ȥˣǰ
һۣӿȥûҪһɣ֮²κһǰŵˣôԿޡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦɳƵСû˼˵ƾСһˣҲܻޣ޼ĸСѵδͷųѾˡ
˵˴ԲСҵȣǱ˴˺ȻǺôDĶʱ͸ƾʵˡ˵С𣿡
ĬȻ˼Ƭ̣Ӵȥһǰмɰգ
ɫ䣬мɣϷмɡ
ʮɣһҲ٣ɣ֮ұõ
á
ӲٶԣҲջӿȥǰ·

һһɽɽϣֻĹ֮£ԶԼԼվӰϢֱĸ֡
Ӵ˻ˣһת˿ˣĿϣʵλǰ֮ǰ˵ز֮ˣ
ͬΪȻܹܵóԷϢ˿˶ĿȫϣǰԱߵˡ
֪λѣγƺ
꿴ӣʵЩ˵Ϊ󣬾ڣΨΪԸˣѽӽʶǿͷˡ
ӡ
ӿˣɫ糣ˣҲΨԸһЩѹˣΪ
ȿȡ
ӺȻ̧̧ɳƵλѿˣ˵Ǳز֮ˣǵѣλ޳Сѡ

ȥüͷһ壬ܸܵó˸ϵ綼δﵽȥԸޣ
һ˳ͷһЦĿһָȥĿȴϣǰôˣϷŪëСΪȥԸޣȥȥ
˵꣬ȥǱˣһҲСﲻĵطģȥɣĸʮ꣡
㡭
üһ˵ʲôջǳĬԣЩˣ޷ˣȴҲ̫ˣһվǻùġ
ʱɽ±ߣӰӰ´»վˣɽϼ˵֮ˣ˿Ҳڶָָʲô
Ǻǡ
Цãŵλ绹һԣҪޣǵλ޳СڳɣٶٸˣҲûá


0388 
˿˵棬ް˵Цӣ˽ٴϿȥ˴ӵΪƺȷʵЩͬҲʲôر֮
ʱһīɫ۵İ˳ӵɷ˵һЩ

ۺ룬˵ճΪ֮ʼʶϢؼλ˽⡭
˵˴̧ͣͣȥλ޳СѣǡǡµϢ
˵ʲô
һ£ȴͬʱһٴȥʱ񶼱òһˣһˣһôᣬôܻ
ɲ֮治Сһ߻˵ţһתȥСѿɷʾһ
಻ԣһһֳȥɲǼԶһƬݲݿήˡ
ǡ
һ˲䣬ȻҲܵϢеľɫˣϣô
ⲢҪĵģӦùĵǣλޣD档
һʼĺ˵ͷѾл޵Ҳٶԣӿȥھ͹ȥʱҼǣסޣ޳Сͷߣ
ۺ룺²˳٣ھȥ
á
ɽ濴һۣ漴ԼµˣDǱȥˣDȵˣҪȥԸ޺ҲС߿£˹ȴԶԶں
Ƭ̺Ѿ˕DȸǰߵŨˣĸֶͣȥǰ߾ˡ
Ũδ˵ʱǰǺӿȥλǵѣҲһɣԸޣɹܽ󡭡
ǰȥ
ֱ˵شĻǺ˫Ŀһ˹ΪΣ
һб䣬ǰں󷽽Ӧǡ
һ˵ţһתӿȥǰԶѡ
ġ
ӻ˵ļһ´Զ˻ȥ߼˼Ȼô˵ˣҲٶ˵ʲô֧ŸҲѾˡ
ӵǰ߾ڣܲŨСһЩ
˲ԥǰŨȥˣż˵ĵŨҲһһɢҪһԴ˿̣˵
Զ˶ϢţŨ棬һҲֱͨͨҲ֪ʱ𣬿ʼԭİ֮˵İΣˣҲǣϵɡ

ʱڕDǰСŨȥܼ˽ԷѰ֮˿ǲҵģ޵ǿ󣬾ܹӲƾȥֿġ
Ũһɢȴ𽥱ýʱ˿Ӧó˲ǣڣ⸽ȴЩ졣
ͷЩĪҲ֪ҪԸŻһ
Сһ㡭
ɫأԭȥӰһ̷·ߴ˵֮ʱԶŨһҷ紵˳ʱɫһˣ׼
ֻŨɢһ̣˶ס˺ֱ棬Զ˸һϣ޵ֻ۾
ɢ
һ̧ԼʱɢˣһŨɢˣһɲǣԶ˽һ岻زֻ޸Լʮɣƣֻ۾ҫ۽⣬޷ȥֱӡ
Ҫ۾
Զ˴ȥֱ޵۾ױϹ˫ۣǵǿ⣬Գܵġ
ǰˣ޺Ȼһ𣬶ʱɽҡԶ˽һֲϢѹ֮£æԶĵطȥ
ˣģ
޺Ȼ˹צ֮£һн˲仯Ϊɻңһ㣬˲ڿգ˿ٽ󷨡
ֻ˼׭ͬʱӡ޴ȥһ⣬ϣʱһѪɫӣ棬ǰѾ׼õĸ
𡪡
󷨵У޷һֲŭ𣬵ʱԶ˶Ŀѣ˸ǱѪӿֹڵʵʱҲȻԵֿޡ
ӹ󷨣
Ӵһ༸˸ԥ׷ӡޣȴԽԽˣֱŪ⸽ɽҡֹ
Զ˽Ϣؿţһ̾еޱȣӵµĵӣʱһĸǿҪţȻֱʵĻܹצλΪߵǿߡ


0389 
ֻڸԽԽ꣬ģ˵Ķ˰УԼ˰ʱ䣬˲ų׽ȹ̫ǿĿǰΪ֧̫á
޳Сѣˣ
һ󷨣һȥ˻Ȼһ̣ȴδԵжţǲȥ
˼˽ʱ̣Ȼ㶯Ҫ֪Σ޶пܳ󷨣ʱǼˣûһӵˡ
Сѻʲô죡
ǰһĻԽԽţҲԽԽ꣬Ū⸽𵴲ֹʱпܳ󷨣˺÷顣
Ǵ˿̣ȴȻûҪֵ̳˼Ӽ״жȻһСѣʲôָʱҼ˿֧Ųסˣ
ţλǰ֧Ƭ̣Ϣȡ
һ˵ţһ߾ϥȥ
˼״һⲻǵЦ𣿸ոôʲôȥˣǵؼʱ̵Ϣأ
Զµĵһ˵ڸʲôǰֶԸޣȥ֧Ųסˣ
󣡡
ӱֻƴĹȹ󷨣һ޳ƽ롣
ֹ˰ʱ䣬˹ģǿ֧ŲסˣҲԽԽȴȻϥڵϣǶǰһĻ˿һ
˼Ȼɫ䣬κδʱﻢ£ɿ󷨱ֻüСѣ㻹ʲô
ԽԽţԶҲס˺˵µӸɫɷףˣ˿ȴʼɫ䡣
һʼʱҲΪҪôѾˣԭ˴㣬ҪŴ˴ζԸޣ˵Ҫȵ˹ģҲ֧ŵʱ򣬲Ż֡
һûȫʢʱڵΪɣ֮ԣνǴ˾Ҳʮգһиĺ
ʱֹȥƬ̣ԽԽͣҲѽѺۣʱȴһҲ
һأĿģֲղŲһԭǴ⣡һϽȴһˣ
Сѣٲ֣󷨵֧Ųס
żˣ˵֮ʣ¡һ죬ɽȾһֻǽѺۣѾʼˡ
һ£ǵɫұ䣬ԶˣǸŵɫҲһ£ѵôδ̫ðˣһ޳ҲΣհ
ȻȴȻ޶ԣ֪ǸѾŲסˣҲ֪˻ҴţûȫʹȻˣðյףǱ˰ȫʹɡ
𣡡
ֻ޿ʼֱײʹѺԽԽˣɫ䣬һҲ˲ôֻ࣬ǿԪٴȹ󷨡
¡¡
֮ϣɽȷƿҪһҲѺۣһΣǰȫʹˣҲûҲš
Ҳվ󷨼֮ʣֻһԾһƶ޴ȥһˣʱ糱ˮһ㣬޷ӿȥ
ǡǣ
һĻԶ˶ɵˣԲգգһ£ȥ
𣡡
һӴʱڵϷͨ˱ˮһ㣬Ȼʹ
ļҲЩţǿȴ˾£ˣ˴˿Ҳ֣޻̫񱩣Ǳ󷨡
ڰУת˼£ϵӿȥ˰ʱ䣬˫۽࣬漸ҲѿŲסˣֻ¡һڳױˣһѸʱԶȥʧ
ʱηѣ֪ѱ亹ʪ˴Ƭ˻Ǻ˹Сӣոա
˵꣬ԶһӰ˲Ϣվԣȴӣ˿վԣûκһ˸Ҷֺ
˶̫󣬾Ŀǰԣ˵ܹ׶ԸˣѲʼˡ
ȥʱҲ˹Щŵؿ㡭û°ɣ
ԶһЩ
û̧ͷ΢΢һʱע⵽ɫЩѿĻݲݣȻ𽥿ήˡ
˹ʱ˿̣DȻðޱȣɢ֮ܽDˣ˿˶˼ӣ˫Ȼһ˿âûκ˿һ֡


0390 ɣ
Χֿʼ£˹û·ҪDȣֻеɢУӵ˶˵Ѱһط˹ָֻ
Ҳһʯ֣һ˾У˹ϢŻҶѹɣҲ߹Ҷֻһʱжʮʱ䣬ʱ䣬ÿһδ󶯲̡
㡭𣿡
֪ʱߵ۾̧ͷãŵDҵˣĳŵѾɣһǷ߰ɡ
һ£û뵽˵Ļתһ룬ѵ𣿵ڹջаɷ֮󣬾Ѿ˵ˣҵDȣӴ˻Ƿ
Ǵ˿̣ΪȴȴȻܣԭֻƼˮô
عǡ
ձһ֮ҡˡ˵꣬վĻ
һԭأȻһ仰ձһ֮ұˡ
ǰȡѪɫķ׭ݸ׭ţһλǰƣɱ㰲ȫ뿪ɣ֮ɽ
׭ǵɱžǴ켫֮ʱľϸġѪ
Ѫ켫λ棬ó׭һĿľƣ׭ʮѣȻҲǳ
Ǵ׷ɱʱһţǴǳʹãδܷӷ׭ȫֻʱס˹棬δɱ
ڸʹãϵ۷ߣҲ׻ɱĸ֣ܹش
ŷ׭һֱţõɣ֮׷ɱʱóʹãϴα޼׷ɱûóõ
˿̣ȴŷ׭ˣӹ׭һ̣Ҳ֪ĸо˵ͷ˵
׭Ŀھڴ㡣ָһüĴһ׹⡣
̧ͷ˵ʲôֻǡ㱣أˡ
˵꣬ϵȻЩ䣬һۣ㲻ٻͷʱŨȥ
ʧıӰˣһΣҲûκιǣƴҲҪõɣ֮

һD˶ڴɢ֮󣬵һDȣҵϹʱʧı
ˣʼձĿ˹ָ˸ո̫󣬼˹һҹҲԻָȫʢʱڡ
ڣ콥ˣҲԽԽϡȺ棬ҲʼɧԶˣʼ߾£˹ָһҹʱȥɫҲֻ࣬һѣĿǰȻʧһɲȡ
ˡ
ʯ棬ֻһˣȴʵأ
ˡ
һۣһղõɣ֮󣬾͵һʱ뿪Ҳ̰ͼʲô
ԽԽѳһ·ǵ·ͨDȵ·ʱ˶ȿֺȥ
ɢ֮һۣҲȥɡ

DǱȥˣŨɢǰԽԽԼĪгʮ󣬸ȫɢˣԶһЩӰӰԼԼ¶һӰӣǧɸߣֱͨһ㡣
Ӱ֮в˾˳ǷɣǷɣǿ𣿴˵ԭġǴ˵ķɣ
ֻӰʱʱ֣¥һ㣬߸ƶˣ֪ɣнǧɸߣԵ֡
һ̣˶ԭأȫɢ֮ſԭǷɣˮģΧһȦȫˮһĺǕDȣҲȡ
ˮ˶еЩ˼飬ǧ޲棬վһ𣬴ʱҲͨ
˵ɣǧһ֦ϣ峿һʱǶ仨ʢǰժɣôɣ֮ͻήлٹһǧ꣬¿
ȻӵˣһҲΪǧһķɣ֮⻨ȴֻһ䣬Ҫΰ죿Ѳƴһ¶˭ã˵ΪԸƴһȴ̵
ۼʽˣ̫ѽӺȻλи飬ҵ֮ȥɣ֮ҵԹۣŲ֣ٷɣ֪֮λΣ
ôһ˵˵ȻһͬˣڽDȵˣûʸɣֻ֮ҿûбʲôȻ͵͵ȥ
ԶӿȥӵǵҲԹַۣɣ֮ᣬ֪޳СѣΣ


0391 
Ԥϵһֿܣ˴˿δָȫʢʱڣȴȫʢʱڣһȻʮֲ
һǴȴ٣֮˴ȥɣ֮ԿţһȱʵҲ˶Ĳ
Ȼԡ
á
ӻ˵΢΢ͷһ꿴ȥأ
ۼ̫Ҳԣ£
ǡ
Ҳѯʣϥȥӽľһ㣬üʱ㲿ֹ񣡡˵գһߣܵʱ
˼״Ҳ̫δ𣬷׷׽ԼΪߵˣʱ벿ֹ
˰ʱ䣬ֻʳϼƻӳǷɣˮУһƬöĿ
һ̣˶Ϣţڣһֻ̫¶ƶˣֻˮвԣ̫ӳˮУˮ絴ȥоŸ̫ԡˮһ㡣
һ̫ڷɣ֮ϣʱֻ֮ϣһ滨ţǻʱϼճϼεƬɽȣӳúͮͮһƬ
ɣ֮Ǿǧһķɣ֮
һ̣Ⱥﲻ˶˳ŬһöĿĺ컨ܴʱۣҲñ۾
Ҳס˺ǾǴ˵еķɣ֮ճϢԪ֮ܡδ룬ҡ
ʢȥһȥỨ˴ҡ
á
ԥ˫һ㣬ǷɣȥΧżصĽƣʲôΪˣȥ֮󣬶ʱһ
Ӽ˼ȵҲǷɣȥЩԭϵΪټ˶ɴ֮Ϊѽӽϵ۷壬Ƿɣ棬ҲȻơ
а׷չɲ漲ȥȻ棬˵µӣɵˣûĸڳȻûʸɣ֮
ɣ֮ɽϢǰͲ֪˭˳ȥֻǴ˶ţʶһʼֻٲˣĻյ»Ϊҡ
мʱ˱׷Ϊص꣬һ˹ˣǱ˴ͨҪȺȥ˵
˴˿̵Ĺ٣Ը޵ʱѼʶԳ־˿ء
غˣİ˾ȻҲԼͬ˹һ̣Զ˶ס˺˵ΪȻѲ⣬мܵס˶˵Ĺ
ԽԽң˶Ϣؿţɣ֮޹أȴ뿴󾿾˭֡
Ҳʼף⾳ѰĺϵܶԸֻǴ˿̫أȫһѲ²⡣
ܽΣûõɣ֮ƴҲҪȥһ»ӵ˵׷ɱҲϧΪعջ̫ˡ
ģѿ쵽ңƱԽԽˣ˵ĺϹ𽥳˲֣֮ԽԽ
һ̣˶Ѳˣƺһ⣬Ѱɣ֮û·ҲҪѷɣ֣֮ᾡʮֵȫ
ȴͬǽֻɣ֮ѣʧҲԲضƴ
Ƕԣɣ֮ʼֻȻҪԣɣ֮ȴǱҪԴһʼע᲻һкȥõ֡
ڣ֮ϣѵŵʱ̣˭ܶᵽɣ֮˭˭ֻһɲ֮䡣
ֻˣһ˲䣬Χһ̣·۾Ҳգһ£ҲͬʱкȻһ١

ֻɲǼɢ˷ԲʮĲƣΧסİˣȫʼϲһ̽Ա֮ȥ
ô£
Ӽ˾ɫ䣬û뵽Ȼķؿ˴һˣԭʤȯգȴһͿأٶˣȫ
ȺʱҲԥִ̽ȡһ׼õĺӣǷɣ֮ժ£棬䣬ȥ
һأѸΧһɲǣԭ֮أȻһ㺮ɱ⡣
ֹˣԶһЩһֱˣһҲˣ˫ǣǲ֮⡣
һ˲ߣʱһ磬ڵϢţˣʮ֮ߣɱ⣡


0392 ؽ⣡
ӵ壬˾һʶȥʼ䣬ߡ
С
ʱӺȻҲһʵûϵĽʤȯգԷȻðһôˣȫ
ȴʼɫģȻҲϵһ㣬˵λǰոȣڼһõɣ֮λιȥ
棬Ӽ꣬õõΣƾһˣܻŰѴɣɽô
Ͳظ²ˡ
䵭һ˵ţһʶӦԶڲڴ˴Щ˵ţԽǵ飬ԽΣգѱ治и˵
ȿȡ
ʱӿľȣɳƵɤСѣɣ֮ΪãǲᣬֻϣȥСܽɣ֮࣬ΣСҪʲô඼ܹ
δ˵꣬ȻȥĿ⣺ǰ㲻Ǵɣ֮ɣ
ѴԿֲףɣ֮޳С֮ȨСѣΪ̣
һ߻˵ţһ꿴ȥֻ۾Ȼ̹⣬顱һѪ˳ȥһ¿˲ᡣ
ͻһĻڳ˶һҲʱˣձĹʱָģĪǸղһʲô
²ΣѾˣֻ̤ˣ˵˵ѣ˵һˣĸּҲδضùˡ
ӣ㡭
굹ڵϣָѪӿԱߵĵӶŻˣ⼸ĸ֣ʱҲˡ
ȿȡ
ӿһȥЩˣߵԣɳƵСѣ㿴Σ໤뿪Ҳû˸Сѵ鷳ǲǣ
һ˵ţһ߻ˣĿ֮ˣǻһʶȥԭڰдŷɣ֮Щˣһ̣ͷ
ʱ˿ֻ̣еһĪѹϣû뵽ӾȻôͻָˣΪԼɣ֮ʵҪӲֻ˵ίѣô죿
ǵѣΪأ
ӿȥͫâһӶʱֻеһϣӵע£˿̾ɽѹһ
Ҳ벻ͨǰѾˣΪͻȻֻ˹ΪȥˣҪǣողô̶һĹ򣬴ָģ
Сѣǲ˵͵ͬˡ
סתͷ˹һ̵ȻǿȺвϴӦĻ³ӦǺˡ
ʱ˿̣˼磬ô죿ҪҲܴù˵ģûа취ˣֻȴӦˣ֮ƣȥ˵
֮һЦȻԣǰԣǵ棿Ҫɣ֮ǰʲôȥ
ۺ룬˫΢У˿̵·һ֡ӿɽ̡ζ˵Ȼԡ˵գǰߵɨһۣȻÿ
ЩһæȥϲٵǰߣǿЦݣ̧̧֣ǰ롣
߰ɡ
һ룬һ߻ǰȥȻû߳ȴȻɫһ͵ͣһɲǣֻأһ㣬˫һϱߵʡ
ǰôˣ
΢ЦһɲǣȴҲܵˣϷƺʲô˹ˣһʮǿϢ½״ǿϢ
΢΢һϷգֻǱƲ㷭ӿֹһǽδDȸȻ˿磬·ɽȶ֮䣬ʱһǿߵϢ
˵ˡ
Щţ
ڳˣǶҲҶһˣЩδϵߣǴ˿һɺɽӵǿϢȻ޷ˡ
ڣһˣDȿ粻ֹϣǷӿ˶ס˺΢΢ţ֪ʲô˵ˣϢ
Ӵ˿̣еľȣＸȫǺˮϢ֮ǿȻһʮִѹܹѹˣϲ룬ȻΪ
ڣƲɢˣǵȻһɫӰڰУֻһͷ׷£˪üһӡȴһߣԵ쳣
Ŀɨ֮£һ˶û˸ҷǼλĸ֣ʱ˿̣Ҳ糼Ӽ˾һ㣬ɫض


0393 
ɣ֮ں
ȺɨƬ̣ڿˣ˽һȻҲϳˣȻǶ˵ʿӣΪڡ
ڳ֮Ҳʣ˵ʿˣҪ÷ɣ֮⾿˵˼ӸҪɣ֮
Ⱥ˵Ŀ⣬ȴȥ˫üһǿҵĻԤУӴȥǰ˭
Ӵ˿Ѿһ亹û뵽ɣɽϢȻ˵ҲˣһӻãˣԼУˮһˣ˵ʿӣΪ
ˣӡ
΢΢һʼƸ˵飬ԼҲ˽һ£ǶһԪţȴֲͬΣ¿Щ鷳ˡ
̶Ƭ̣˶Ѿ˹˿ŵĿܲվǰߵӡ
У˹䲻ȣɣ֮Уա
һΧ˸һϣֱҪɣ֮ǿӲ̬ȣ½ɣ֮˭Ҳסˡ

֮ʱһɳƵһѭȥȴľȣǰ˼
˿亹乣ԲԸɣ֮ǰУɳƵѼ˵ˣڴ˶һʣҪɣ֮˵˼ǵѸ󣿡
һɲǣΧһļžУžüܹ˴˵֮
һֻУӻӿ˹ĿǱһ䣺Ǻˣ
ɽׯӡʵ˵
ٴһۣ䲻ȵ˴֮£ȥա˵꣬㲻ٴνĿתϡ
ѣԲӡ
ȴֽŵɣ֮Ϊ޳СãǱ޳С֮޳СѸոִӦԴཻôɣ֮˽֮ǵûȨ˽֮ġ
˵Щɽׯˣŵû겻壬岻ز
ּⲢ˵˼ǵѸ֮⣬ôѽڴǿɣ֮ȴǽɽׯںδ
һΧǰˣֻУӻȻﺮâ¶һ̧һӡ
顱һӡӼϣȴ˿ûз֮ۡһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ͻһĻڳ˶˸ľѣ˻عֻӸһץһ֮ʱסӺӵϻ
һֻ̣˿ãѪӿܿѪȥֲֻһʱĺ
˶ԭأòˣǿ˿ֲôߵΪһָǣȻһǿضûС
㡭ո˵ʲô
䣬˪ãԲǿ־֮ɫǰҲˡ
ߣ
һߣһӶʱ˳ȥҵóȴ˲ƣæڵϲֹ࡭лǰ
Ǻɽׯŵûɢǰĸ֣ԼµӣһҲŵòᣬϲȥɣ֮ˡ
˿ŴʱڵصӣҲŵɫҰףֶ룬ԼҪϸ֮ˣϸõù
ӲȥӣԱߵӿһֻۣһۣӱܵһɳ̩ɽѹһɲ벽ӵĺ󳾣æһԣĵ⹦ҲҪˣˣҪ⹦ʲôã
ڱֻʣһվˣһۣһʧˣٳʱվǰصɣ֮ڡ
ֻеһϣһɽѹ͸ˣɣǰֻһƣɱԼ
㻰ɣ֮Ƿϡ
ȻֿʼúȴǰΧŵһĶҪţ룺ĪҪ
һ̺ԥѷŷɣ֮ĺȡ˳˫ţ˳ȥͷ

΢΢ͷùӣһۣתҪȥһɲǣȴַ·ʲôȻתһͷȥԲɣʱ
˫Բ֪Ӵ˿ǿ̽ԼԪ䣬Ǵ˿̣ˣһǿ֮£ȫˣ
˺һӲŽջȥƺʲôҲû̽쵽Χ罥ֹҲ˿
ûˡ
ӵһۣźӣתȥˡ
ʱҲ̧ͷǺˮ˼磬ô죿һô˴߷ɣ֮ԼҲûп׷ˣΨдδʧȥδûˡ
Ȼ䣬ֻ˫۱Ѫ죬һɲǣ͵Ϯ˲ó㣬ӱδһڿն𣬲һеؽԪޣȻŽ㣬ӵıϣݺݴȥ


0394 
һִ٣ûκһԤõ߸ȥ͵Ϯλ˵ʹߡ
˷Ӧʱֻﲻ֪һʲôȻһųҫ۹âǶճҲ·һ±Ȼ޹⡣
ӶȻɱϮһ˲ȻתʱһɽѴⷽԲڵһУǹɿֲ֮»ҷվ棬ǴƬƬȥ
¡
һ죬ɽȾһֻӱһУʱѪĺҲ˳ȥ

Ѫһ̣Ƿһ㱻شʮֲֿ˹壬ѱһɿֲ𷭳ȥۡһѪһɲǣ·ȫһ㣬ʹоˣȫľһˤ˳ȥ

ֻ˫ͷֻ۾Ѫ̬һȻոձ͵Ϯһ£ʹͬԪڣ˼صĴˡ
ʱڵϣϾɫһû뵽Ҳûһ¾ɱˣȴѾ޷ָˣҲֻûѡ
뵽˴ԥ޷ʹΣ䣬̼⽣֪ڻɱӣôȻһ
˼ˣҲ˲ʹʹȫԪһĿڴȥ
Զ˻δԸղһĻлعʱֱһĻŵľ˵ʹߣϮɱʹߡ˲ɣ

ֻ״񣬿һ˹ҲȻɱһȥ
һǵУһ˲ֻеȫѣƤǴѿһǿֲ֮£ֻ۾ҲѪ˫ҲѪ
һ̣оԼǿҪһǽһ׼ش˳ȥ
ͣ
һ죬⽣ӵ࣬һضʱѪҷɣһĻǰԶŵûɢӣĸֻ֣ӣһȫסˣǰһĻ
Ȼһ̴ӵ࣬δһ

ֻ˫ѪȫһǺ⽣ʱϳأֲһҲһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
һɲǣ֮£ֻϷɽѪദƤѿѾȫѪˡ
Сӣɱ㣡
Ŀѣ۵ѪҲȫѪ·մ޵Ķһ£ȻһȥһƺֲԶԶȺҲвֱӱɿ˳ȥ
һ·Ĳľɽʯ»ҷͨͨ촷ۣոձɳȥ˿̻δƷһƣʧȥҷ˳ȥвݽ棬ûһ˿֮
ʱֻһϣһɲǣȫһһθо֮Ӳһƣһ֮»ҷ
Ȼӳ֮ʱȴȻ˫ͷģһ±ʹոսһش飬ȴһеĴ󶯹ȥɱʱȻ;ƿˡ
˫Բոһɲǣһ㣬ʱٲԥԪһһѳ˲佫ʮر｣桰ʩչ˳
һ˲䣬ֻӰأ̶ɲǼ䣬ѴȫʮҪֻȫѪҽֽŽϣܣһѪˣȾѪˡ
һ
˫ĿԲ˲ʹһɲǣԪת˼ޣڽ֮ϣһӺնȥ

һ죬ֱӶѳأӵ׼Ҳ˳ȥѪֱɽ߰ɸߣУ˷׷Ѫꡣ
һ̣˶ˣû˸ţովȻɱӡɱһĸ֣ɱ˵ʹߣ
ﻹŰضϽȫѪ죬ǸմѪ߳һѪ˳ֱۺͶϽϵȥѪҲӵѪ
ֻ˫Բ٣һһԾƽͻڵߣ˿ֲһʼӱý͵Ϯһ£ʮҲҪ
ΪΣ˿̸оӲû
СӣƾҲɱϷ򡭡˵Σ
Ȼ䣬һµӿдԶ˽һӾȻû
͵һ̧ͷȥֻǰУӺȻԶһ𣬲ӵԪ
ڸոһɲǣԪˣ


0395 
СӣϷƴ𣬽ҲҪȡ
ֻɫֲƴΣգޣһ
Բɣʱɳ죬ΧһУǿֲ֮»Ϊ촷ۡ
͵һϣֻǰУȻһɺɫӡƻһ㣬Ѿ֮ǰʵ
ԶѾ˫ĿԲһߵԡֲݣ˿ԪͷųȻǿѵҪǸͬھ
һ֮ʣһԾȻ˿ӵԼŻʱĻ
ŻԻ˼壬˽Ԫ񣬽ԷǣʮأҲӣǴʩչʱȴգвٲûʮգסǾԡԲܶô
뵽ʲôһɲǽľתϣԴԸˡͼǰв֮˵һƾǣʧܣΪһɲǣһƾˡ
Ǵ˿ȴ֮ͬǰܴأʱȻǿ֮ĩԪϣƴýԷ꣡

һֵһ˲佫ʩչ˳һɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫԭյɽȣȻ֣ǺƷӿֹϹŴħһ㣬˽ŵľѣһ̣ܵһ壡
ȻֻģӴʱȴȫͬǣȻһԶħһӰӣԼɣ·֧һ
㡭
ȻһϣܣǿĻꡭ
ȻʱԼȴǵӰһϣǺӰȻſ˫ۣһץȥͬʱ󣬺аɫɳһ½ӽסˡ

һסʱ֪˶ԷĳֽԪ͵һɽҡҲһѪЩȥ
СӣƾҲһǣ룡
ֲһһɿֲʱֻѣϵѪ䣬ԺһŵӵĻ
ɳýԷԪУպ꣬ΪʱһˣԻʦ֮֮꣬ΪáǣʩʱضֽвԪܴɢʮգҪ׶ô
˿ŶӣԽԽңðһԣܹסӵ꣬ô󣬾͵ͬ߶һĸ֣
뵽˴Ҳԥһ½Ԫ֮ޣİʱŴһ½סˡ
룡
֪סԼһһѪӿʱڲѣʱԶȴʩչĽȫ֪ڷʲô£ֻӵԪ·ڲţʵ
ۼȥԼǵԪ𲻿ɣֻ۾ԽԽ죬˹أ𣬴˿۾Ѫȥ¡
ҡ
һɲǣģøӿˣƺؽƪת˳ͬʱĻȫӷȥ

ĻգӲϷҽУһ̣ƺ֪ԼӲһˣۺȻʮֿ£ѪݺݵصԻɢΪۣ룬ߵһȥҪ֡

ɢ֮ǰоѪһ磬˲ǰγһѪ䣬һ´Ԫ档
һɲǣԲʮƷӿֹĻһ½ӵԪˡ
ԶѾոһɲǣǿӵĻɢˣȴܹоóǽˣʲô½ܹһߵԪ񡭡
ڽֹˣĺҲɢȥˣ棬ʱһѪӿʱȴ˲ϵˣʶһɨҵ˷ŷɣ֮ĺڣҿӲ⣬ڸոĴս֮£ñ棿ҲҺøղŴսң˸ҹߺӡ
ʱֻһʱǺӾٲͣɲһչ˲仯һӰɽȥˡ
֪Ȼһֱڰ۲ţһûᱦ뿪һɣ
ʱҲηѣˣв׷ȥܹشߵ챦һ뿪
ӳɽȣʱеһͷĿѣ֧סˣҲ룬̴ȡһöٻһ̷Ȼٽɲʩչ£ԶӶȥ
Ȼʱ˼شˣʱܵ²𣬼ɲӵùȺ˵׷٣
ۼӰѾ׷ǸеһתϱҲֲˣɫԽԽףûѵȴҪȺ
˶ˣǼĸ֣һĽȥһΣҲ᷸֮ˡ


0396 
֮ʣǰȻһӰֻһһʱַԲһ½Щȫ档
ߣ
棬һ֣̼ݳʮһ·е罫ϵɴˣ΢΢һôûߡ
ǱˣȴҹȥֲԽһֱڰոչзһУһ
ʱһۣ˫˵ĸʲôҲû˵һ·ȥҲ֪ܷӵù˵׷١
һֱӵƻ轵ʱɽֱĺһۣЩӦʱ׷ˡ
عͷ˿ʱȴ̲סһ˵̫ˣҸطˣ֮ǡ
￴˿±𣬿һĹȥʱѼԣ˰ٻȷʵ̫أٻҲȬˡ
һ㣬㻹𣿡
һֱδˣܻˣǰӣĵһ˿ϵÿһֲ˿ڣ޲Ŀġ
ȡȿȡ
΢΢ۣѪӿ˳״һæѨֹѪ
㡭
δ˵һѪӿؿǴ£ڶصˣ˿̾ܵˣڳ溻ڳָơ
ѪֹһʱҲ޴룬̧ͷɫɷ׵ؿߣΪֻ
ɵü˵úأȱΪʲôˡ

˵أһ̣ĿԾʮǾ鲻򵥣ʵ㣬Ϊʲô
ҡ
˫üʵò֪λش￴˿һεɽ̽𣺡ˣ˹˵˵꣬һɣɽǱȥˡ
˶ǰСʯͷԣȻȥѶڵӲݲŽȥ
ɫϵȴãѪֹס˿ȴϣ֮˲ƷˣһЩ˿ֻССʩܿȬ˿˿ڣȴҲòˡ
˿ڻֻΣ˲أֻС˹ˣҲ֮Ƽء
ҹʱ֣࣬һ¸߹ңɽ棬ɫָһЩϥڶԪһһ޸ľôصεúãʤޡ
ֹһȻһƺߣһѪ˳΢΢һԼ˹ȣæסʵ
˿ֻƤǧأҲ˵ˣ֧ţǰһڣ˹ȥ
ֻʱ˹ȥ˿һŽСݵ£ԼȥϴһѪۡ
ѪϴֻѣԼ˰ʱŻصɽȻԲѣҲԱߣ˹Ϣ
֪˶ãȻһ£۾һ亹üͷ壬С˵ʲôʲôجΣ±㽫ȥ˵ʲô
δ롭δ롭
ϵظŻδ̧֣ͷһ̿Щ˵ĸӣ뵽һеȥɣ֮ҪˣԼûˡ
ոǸδ롱ˣҪȵôһҪɡ

ڶ峿ʱת˹ˣЩˮЩô
촽ʮֲ԰ף˿̿ʵĵһ仰ǣΪλ
üĿ𴦣ȥ۾С켶ûʶˣȥתһ룬ˡ
ȥﲻȸһãҪɱҵ̫࣬ɱӣ˵˶ϲŹңһ֪жΣ𡣡
ҡ
ͷ֪˵ʲôüȻȴֻҪһȫǿҪɢһֹҲ˲ˡ
˵úأҪҶԽŵؿ
̾һĻĻ˿ԸľǷһöٻھѲˣһۣʵ
ǻɣ֮ɽûгȥ
ô
üü˼Ƭ̣ȻصǱ뿪ھ뿪²˳١


0397 ׻
֮Ҫ뿪ɣɽĺЩ׷ɱֻһĵǣ˵֪ˣضɣ֮ɽѲ飬ԼǾʮˣʱɶȲԼ
ɫأҲ֪еǣСʵˡ
ްС
һ˵ţһʹվһۣ˫üһ˿̵״̬˵·⣬˵ˣұɡ

ҹʱ˲֪˶ԶһĹ޹⣬ɽģ˲һֳѹ֮С
һɽʵǰأ֮ǰΪβ
ٰˡ
ֱ˵ĻףӲκν飬һʼֻԼĶֻԼ˼ɵԼ鹦֮ʹʱԼɣ֮
ף֮仯޳һʱһʱʱԼδˣȴش޷֮ҪǿֶαȵĻԼҲ޿κΡ
Ҳʲôʱټ׷ȥֻνܹ˳ӳɣɽ
ʱɽһ紵˽һ̾ںʯͷϣֱֽһץҡҡͷ
ȻԶ˿ˣһ̣˶ס˺ֻϣûб׷ٵȻԸΥ˵ϢԽԽˣǳɽԶԷѾˡ
Ϣ׽͸Ϊʮָϲһ亹ȡһ֮ǰѪ
ڣĹ֮£ԼԼһӰӰͣӣǡӣ
⡭
һʱöѪ룬ʱڴɳƶɭЦǺǡ޳Сѣּˡ
ԭǰ
ɫ䣬еĻѪȴԽԽˣڸò˹лѪ룬ҲδжԷźϵΪѪҲǴ˶֡
Ϊʲô˵ôأôôͻָˣҿȥƺһ¶ûˣ̫Ϻˡ
˿ȻҲܵˣڕD棬ǿӱˣûһؾƺòˣΪһҲûˣ̫ˡ
֪ǰҹǰǻΪɣ֮
ϸϸ˼Ͼ˿֮֮ǰ˵ǰѾپգȴֻúúõģֱ̫ˡ
Ǻǡ
ɭɭЦЦǱոɳˣ಻ҪСɣ֮ңҪСѵġꡯһá
䣬һɼȻɽɨһһ˲䵲ǰߣŶǵ߽Ӱ侲ɽׯԶǰɵǰҹڴΪ󱲣˵ȥǽЦ
Ŷ
ӹɭɭЦЦǶ࡭ôû뵽ֻҪɱˣҹ飬˭֪أգҲҵ߽һʬ壬Ȼ˾ͻ²⣬˫˹ˣ˫˫
㡭
һʱɫû뵽˾˶ңֶξЩаħ˸Ҫ£
ǡҪɣ
ɭɭɽǰ΢Ĺ֮£ֻƶѵģȥӲϣҲӿֲˡ
亹ɫ΢΢ףˣȥһô죿
ʱգƺѾϰȴ˶Էʱˣƽʱʮ֮һĹҲ޷
öѪ룬ӣ㲻ԼܹɹߣδУǽԼҪ˫˫ɽˡ
Ǻǡ
ɭɭЦЦΪ˸лСѣɱӣ࡭ʹһЩֻҪϹԹԵġ
䣬ֻһ̧Ĵʱһȥһס˺
ȻʱɽȴȻһһӦȥ֮ˣȴֽ껹꣬ȤȤ벻ʱ꣬Ȫʬ׻Ȼ˶ŵ
ʲôˣ
ӶȻһľһ㣬ȥ˫Ŀһֻɽ棬Ȼ˸ŷĵꡣ
꣬һһӦǣǿĻ꣡
Ҳסˣȫ֪ʲôˣͻȻɽ棬˵ʲôǰȪʬ׻ֱ̫ˡ


0398 ҹ
ȻҹˣȻ˿а취Ըӡ
ʲôˣ֪׻
һ˫۾ҹϣżȻ׻֪֪Ϊλȴû뵽Ȼһһڵ˳꾿ʲôˣ
ֻҹڵ˫ָ󣬵ؿǺˣҪ˵㶮׻ŵ̧ˣգƤë
㡭
ӸһϣЩŵؿǰ꣬ûܹ֮ΪǰЩżȻ׻׻˭˭Щ˿֪
׻ԻΪýǿжȡ˵Ԫ˴ﵽʹԼĿģÿҲ˵׻ʧܼʷǳ󣬾ǳɹˣÿҲֻһ̣ÿ׻֮󣬶ʹ˥ϣˣҲҲ޷׻ˡ
ΪղѣԲõɣ֮˵ɣ֮ԪֻҪٸԪʮ꣬⾳ΪٿԪʱҲʱˡ
ΪͻͻٴλԪӳ֮ˣԴԿÿͻһµľ磬Ԫӳ
޵ʱȴδܳɹͻ¸磬ôֻֻһˣֻһ֮ʣµˣмأ
ԹҪƳ֮գΨвղ޵ĿܣпܴﵽǴ˵еʮ֮
ٺ١
˿̱ҹһ˵ɫȻЩģģȥӿˣ֪Ρǽһ˵꣬ľһ壬ΧʱҶ졣
ձش˵ǲָܻôģٴ׻ˣƾָ׻ĴѾˣʧܵĻǾҲûлˡ
ɽ棬ӵȻһʶ˵ԡ
Ȼҹ䵭ڵϣǰȥӵ֪ٶȺܿҰޣʳʱ򣬿ɽٶȱޣ˺ܹӹצǡ
˵˴Ȼһ䣺һͷ˵ıʳʧԺ󣬾עΪʱѾҲûκȥʳˣءԭء
㡭
Ŵԣ˫ĿԲٴθеһϣΧĿ罥ֹͣˣһɲǣѹӴˡ
ȻܹԷµԢ⣬˿̵һͷ˵ıڻʣʧܵĻҲûκλˡ
һ̣Ӹӿ͸ǰĪˣһ˫ɫ۾·ܹԼ˿̵еƣǰһҲûС
ˡˡ
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ҲκΡѶͽͻ޹
˵ֻ̧꣬ͷҹֻ̲࣬סҪһʣ£ʲôˡ
ҹϹٻ꣬ҹ
Ϲٻꡭ
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һ˵ţһֻתԶȥ͵ıӰȥȻһįһ޷Կį
ҹ˿̿ԶȥıӰһ̧ͷǸ¶ƶ˵£Щ˵֮࣬ȴ˭ܹĿࣿ
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ãΧҹתЦôã㷽Ǹ£˵ңˣ٣ָ˰ɡ
ߣ
ҹһߣ˫ֽǰбһۣ˵ٵˣգСӣ󡣡
ҵһܴ󡣡
ЦһԱأ㶷ȥλǷٻ꣬ҹ
١ٻꡭ
عǰ꣬ĿЩţŷϹǷ˴ȡϹ󴻡һ֦ƣôһϣңٻ꣬ģѵѾˣֻء
ԽԽǾò˼飬ոǾһĻҲˣҹ÷ʤСѾͷ˿
žѹæĿƿǸˡ
ߣ
ҹһߣȥȻո˵ʲô׻ʵҹ㷽˵ǰĻȪʬ棬׻ʲô
֪ΪΣܸоЩѰһ̣ҹҲǽǰĻ䣬Ȫʬ棬ǰͬһʱˣѵô
ãҹӻѹˣϰһ֮ȡԪĹֻ֪ѣģҪʣʲôҲ֪ˣҪУʱղСᾯСӲҪ÷٣һЩ󲻵鷳


0399 
˵һ䣬ҹص˷УãŻعɽӰ૵ˣ
ˡ
һ˵ţһöѪоգýҹסձ治ˣ˵ز˾뾡뿪ǡ
ɣ֮ʱȻһ˰ˣԭǾǴ˵еķʲôˣΪʲôзϹһϵٻꡭ
ʲô

ȻԼæҡ֣ûûСֲǣھ𣿡
ҹĻֵɽȿ˿˻δãжʮֲ㣬ǴڴһҹߣڿȻܹ׷ѱ˲׷
ؼǣһɣɽ棬ʱ͸߲ˣ˼ˣ˵²˳٣ҹ
á
˵ͷ±㽫ţ˷ֲһ·ֻչɣɽȥ
ڳɣɽǽҪȥģȴǸ⣬ɱ˵ӣʱ˿̣ѾǲڹȻǲȥˣһȥĻȻץסץס³±ʹࡣ
ǰһƬ޼ʵɽ֪ͨδٲȥڹüͷ壬ߵĻǾǷˣ붫ԽԽԶʱλȥ
ߣƹأûκΪԣץסĻԶ׼ץֻΪһзɣ֮Ĺ
뵽Щ֪ƻָ֮ǰҲȥڹǱߣֻеƻָˣܹȥ
ǡȥ
Сʵ˿üȥﶼһãҪץңǵʵжǿӦǱ
ǡ
˵ͷ˵Ҳ֪ȥﰡ֪Ҿ㣬ȻŹҵġ
ˡ
ҡҡͷѰһ򣬵ȥǱߡ
˲ٶ̶ͣĺɫʱһĵɽȣ˴棬Ӧߡ
ˣֻҸ֮ؾһдָ˵˱㼴ȥԼĪһʱǰһ£ȻСéݣֻԺӲݴ˼Ѳڡ
ȵȡ
ԭΪ˴ˣû뵽Ȼڴ˴ǽéݡ
ҲͣԶСéݣֻѲ˵޷ȥɣˣĹ˼Ӧǲҵ

˵ͷϵԽԽأٵ飬ʱһػõĴˣԣһĪ谭
СȥСԺСéǿڷ絲꣬кֻӦò
п˿ֻϻһЩѷƵֽˮ©棬ϵīҲһţԱߵ̨ҲѲҳմ˼ˣλϲɽˮʿ
ȡֽʣֵЩī֭ʼֽдվһͷддһЩҩƣгҲкģʵдЩʲô
һҩĵд棬һīֽݸңȥЩҩ
Щǡ
дкЩҩĵƣԼҲδ˵ЩɻЩκϵˡ
ںȣôҲһʱ䣬ƽµʱ򣬱㷭溵ҽ䣬ĥҩʱҲָһЩҽ˿溲ڣΨԵѧҽԾȡ
û뵽ԭӣȻͨҽһ¾дôҩҽȻǳӦܹԼԼκãµ˵ͷȥڹЩҩ
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֪ҪԸʲôֻվһһ룬ŵҵDȣȻ쵽ʱѸǷȥѰҩģȻùƽȥЩ¡
˵ֻ꣬ȡؼЩľҲһЩϳľ֮ǰһ·񣬴˿⼸ľݸЩķ棬͵ǲҩ֮꣬ҽ㡣
һ£סݹķֵչڕDĳһĳֻлٻ
㶵ؿѵ飬һҪֵôϸϸһҪνĻǷ𡭡
ǡȥˣģҺܿͻҩ
˵һ䣬Ҵȥˣ˴ȥڹҪⱻ˷֣գҪЩҩģ˵Ҫʮա
ʧӰȥ⣬ĺɫֵĹȣδ룬ңɣ֮ѾҵˣһҪһ

ʱеоһʹʲôҪǿһɫһ±ɷףŲҲվˡ
ҲͬʱԺȻһЦ


0400 Ѫ
СӣΪϷǣܳĨɷϷʶ棡
ǹЦٲȻӵüͷһ壬˫ּӡٴת˽ľǿнʶѹȥ
СӣɱϷġ
ԽԽСʧޣȴһ亹״ý˻ǽԼԪУʱʧȥ˹Խ
Ȭָ֮󣬲ܳ׽ӵĻĨȥʶӴԺ󣬾൱ϴûйˡ

ʮʱȥˣʮʱ䣬һֱ棬ʹָܻƣҲǽȶֻҩĴˡ
ȻʮȶƣͬʱҲĸʶӡǣ˽ȣܹһʱ
һյƻʱ֣˽ˣ۾ܹӦõˣӦǰҪҩĶˡ
ԼԺ棬˿˼ɫĶۣé￴˿Сʵ㡭𣿡
ڡ
洫
棬˿Ŷ룬ɫѻָЩ˵ҪҩģҶˣô

һ·ɷ˸٣
ҡҡͷģһ·ҶʮСģûע⵽ҡ
һ˵ţһֻЩҩĴȡ˳ͬʱЩҩ¯¯׼һҲϸġ
ˣлˣҪҩԿűǡ

˵ͷվԱ߿ҩһֱҹҩԺӣɽҰޣһ硣
Ȼʲôҩʦںȴһʱ䣬ڼѧٹ±óˣοʶȳ˶ܹ׼ջҩ£ֵʤһЩҩʦˡ
һֱԱ߿ţַ죬ȴû뵽ԭһҩ£ܹôصˣҽҲˡ
鷳Ұҩһ¡

ҩŻعæ˵ͷȥҩ˽Щҩģδġ
һҹƺҩˣҩ볢һ£ͨҽҲ֪ҩܷκˣֻԿ
뽫һҩȥȴеؿһƣһϺɫѪӿ״һæסôˣ
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ὫƿֻǷθڵѪѣҩЧˡ
һѰ֮ˣѲˣܳŵڣҲʵס
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ʱϵ˺תֻԾʹҪϳԣܵƳõҩʹϵ˾ָҲκ谭պĺ󻼡
հʱγԵ֮дһµҩȥڹҪҩ
һʱ䣬ʱÿÿҩȥڹЩҩģ˳һ¹ǱߵǶ˵ˣʶһץģȻҲǶˡ
ʮ³죬콥䣬ϵ˻ѻָ߰˳ɣ»ȱһζҩҩѰ֮ҩһΪ硱޵Ѫ
˵ϺҲ洦ѰֻЩ˼ɽС
һΣȥˣΪδЩҽԼصĵ伮ϲҪȥһˣУҩġ
齻֮뿪ȣһ·һ޾ɽУԼ֮󣬲һ˼ɽ档
ԶԶȥֻ͵䣬Уͱʱʱ֣ƼΪվɽڣˮľ죬￪̺滨ݣʱܿһЩֵĶһû
˴ǺɽУʱܵһɴܴ˵زĴŹо󣬵ȴʮȻ飬ֻƽ֮ˣѰ١
ֵϵʱһͱ֮µһֻβޣ׺һѩë˫ȴʱɫʮֽƻʹѽϢȥȴԽ޸ˣһûӰ
޵ʮκ˿ǶܹԶԶ޲ٶȷӦһѸݣһֱ׷ʱû֮ܿڡ
ҹɫԽԽɽҲһһ·׷ֻޣԼҲûʶѾ֪ɽˡ


0401 ħ֮Ԩ
֨֨֨֨֨
Ǳ޶磬Ƽ׷ٶȸһ¿˼ޣֲָĺҹ֮Уһ˫ɫ۾Ӻҹ磬⸴ӵĵд衣
һ׷ֻӰһûӰһֱҹʱ֣һ½¹Ʊ˪ҲԽˣǰѲ֪Ǻδطˡ
֨֨֨֨֨
Ǳƴӣ׷һһҹƺ棬˿ƣۣӵҲǳں׷ϣȴԽǰЩˣֱڣźȻʶԼ׷ޣƺѾ֪ɽ
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һ˵ţһԽԽˣǱ޻Ҳøˣһ˫۾ǰצĿϣҡͷ֪ŹԼһʲô
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Ǳ޼ڲϱƽøˣȻ֨֨֨Ľһֻצָָ±ߣֳϡҡ֡ھҪٿһ
Ȥ
һأǾСȤˣҲ뿴±ߣʲô޿ȥƺ˿̲ںԼǺԨ¡
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ֻԨ·˯һϹŴħһȥޱ޾Ԩֲ
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֨֨֨֨֨
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ˡ
ԶһЩñ־ֻȡ㼸ѪȡѪ֮󣬱㣬Σ
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ʧ֣üֱʮµ£ʲôᱻ˴һƬħ֮Ϣ֣ƺѰ
ٴ±ϣֻҲɲ˹ȣѰˣܲס˵صĿħϢǲ׹ȥǻᱻŨŨħ֮Ϣһ˲丯ʴͷ̲
ѵǡ
Ȼ䣬ʲôħڣ֮ǰջʱǸаɷǽЩΨһһħڣˣҲһ˿ħϢ棬ǹŨŨħϢƺԼԼ뵱аɷһ˿ϢЩơ
ڲ鷳ϵ˻ֲźãڱѪȻõˣǱҪ
뵽˴ԥ뿪£ֱ󣬲Żص֮ǰڵȣ뿪ܹ죬ӦǰҪҩˣֻıѪˡ
Ժ棬ԶԶŵһҩζ߽һЩֻԺ漸ҩ¯ȼȴéݣš

֪ιʣԺ󣬷ʶһ裬̽䱸ʱб㴫㡭ˡ
ʲôҩˡ
ȡȻϾͳ
ƺЩһɲǣüͷһ壬Ҳ룬ʱöѪ룬ݡȥ


0402 ׷ɱ
ͣͣ
öѪ룬һ˲䴩͸éݵľţ׼˵üУԭЮҲδϵͻȻö룬ͨһϵȥʱ߿ʬ
δ֪˺£һɴȻ˲佫˳ȥ
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ˣǶ˵󡭡
ɫһףδ˵ֻ꣬ǰߺȻʮӰéݺߵϣҲͻȻʮӰЩȫǶ˵ˣȻΪ͡
û뵽˹ȻڴؽƺԼδܲǸոշ죬ǰһ̤ǲõĽ嵱Уٲˡ
ߡ
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ȵȡҩûã
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һ֮䣬͵תһ˲䷢öѪ룬͡ʱɱ˵
긦һЩ֮ǰѾõҩ棬뽫Ժ⼸¯ڼҩҲߣȻʱˡ
ˣ
һ죬ߣֿټ˷٣һ𣬵ʱɽҡǰߵļѪ⣬֮ºȻ飬ߵʮϵ֣ҲͻһѪҷ˳ȥ

û뵽еķȻܹһ¾ԶֳʮӰ˲Ϣ䳯ȥ
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ãǹ̳ɢ˼ߣ˿Ծɲ˺Ȼ֮ɫ
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˵˴¶һ֮ɫ˵Ѿ˲ˣǸ֪ǰɡ

ҹ̹ǣһ·ɽﲻ֪˼ǧʱ˵׷١
ʱ¹ӳ£ɫȥЩ΢΢԰ˣϵ˾δȬհִ󶯹ͷ٣Ȼǣơ
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˫ۣĿ⣬˿Ҫһãɿ֡
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ˡЩʱգлˡ
ѾֺõҩļԶһɽȥ֪ʱȫҲҩԽϣֻԽ鷳


0403 Ԩ
ȥɽ棬ȡ¯ӿʼҩһ˫֧ãɵһԿţҲȥ
ҹʱ֣һ󺮷紵˽ʹ¯ζڣѾʧʮΣÿһαѪʣҩĺͱѪѾˣԱߣüͷҲԽԽ֪ƴҩ֮ѣһֱҴš
ֹȥ֪ãķԽԽˣ¯ζֹһֻۣľ紵öᣬסҡΣļҪ±ʱǰף૵֣ôô󡭡

֮ǰһֱھ۾ҩ˿ôһ˵ƺڲһ˿쳣ʱɫһáߣ
һ˵ֻ꣬һϵĶȫ䣬һ˲ȥ
ҲͬʱԶն˹ֻ콣ӰɲǼ㽫棬޴ӡ
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ߡ
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ߡ
֮Уһ֪ͨδܹʱ˵׷١
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ʱһµߵʦֲգǰѿ쵽ˣܲ

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ǱߣƺЩ֡ߣһ̶

˵һ·ҹһѲ֪ʲôطܺȻһŨڣ˵ԽԽģʱǺȻһֲϢǵ⵽޼׷ɱʱɱȡ
ˡ
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ٺٺٺ١ûõģƾУĨɷȥϷʶʦһɣD⳥ԪϷģһ
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⡭
ɫɷףһֱǿ̴תƷ򣬼ѽɲʩչ˼ޣܣٶٿ죬ǵʶʼϡ
СѣˣƶʦܵԪ黹ƶȻһ·
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Сѣ°ա
һ䣬ָһһֻƶʱƲƣǴֵһһ³
Ȼߵͨ죬ʹ֮ңҲѵõƸһ˲䣬Ҳƴٴζó˲Ǭһ˲ԭʧˡ

Ǻ棬Ӳɵ÷һ΢΢ܹ֮֡ѵǾʲô
ܿ죬ٴ׷ȥǺֵĸߴӰʱɫһ䣺׷ˣ
֪
ǿ򶨣ܣܴҲϳˣﾹȻϴ׷޵ĵطǰ治ԶħԨ


0404 ħڣϣ
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ܵԽԽϢɫһ̣Ŀȴһ±

δӦѱǰȥǰԽԽŨҲ׷ϢŶˣʹɲҲ޷ʩչˡ
СĪǵִԲ򣿡
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漸Ҳһ±Ψӣʱ򶨼ָ֣һڼһ㻤Ԫ
˫üһɲǣѾʲôѹô
΢΢һ㶣ʲô
Ҫ¿


һֵȻȥûзӦͻһŵüҲֹͣˡ
ߣ
Ӽ£һ˲ȥ׷ȥȻȴԨ棬ȻһƬޱ޾ĺӿǺУ͸һɼصħϢһ˲䣬㽫û˽ȥ
ǰ
˿ֲ󣬺漸ߵʱŵĵѣ˲ֽסˡ
ǰħһĻҲʵһΪҲɣոҪǾôֱȥͷӶ̲ˡ
ôһħڣѺۣ
ӱϾΪ侲ɫָܿ糣ֻԾɴżֲ˼顣
˵ˣȻϵóЩħĺʲôǴħڣ͸ħϢҲ˵Ԩ棬һħڣѺۣܹħڣ
ħڣǸոգСӣȥˡ
漸ǺӿԨһֻеëȻ˵ֻССǴﵽ˻񾳣˿̶ǰ̤һ


0405 ħڣ£
صħϢղȥǻɵģֻϧɣ֮Ҳʧˡ
һ߲ҡͷ̾Ϣû뵽׷һ·ôˣȴ˽
ƺصŴˡ
ʱһȥɫصصҪĵģСˣһħڣѺۣѵЩˡ
˴ֻɫ΢΢һ䣬ͷԤĶ½֮ңѵȻ޷Ƴ𡭡ǰʹܿٶǰһΣһԾɱܲ𡭡
һ̣ᵽ½֮ҡĸʱ˶Ȼס˺ﾹ¶˿־֮ɫĸ֣ͷ·ǽһ˵ˣҲǸеһĲ
ˡ
ɫ䣬Ȼǵ˼ǺӿԨһۣΣȽ˴ȥ˵Сӡҹ۲쵽Щڳˣ²û
ǰ˼ǡ
̧ͷħϢԨȥ߲ǰ˵ˡܽħڣˣͨħڣѺۡ
Խ˵ԽǸе˼飬㲻˵Ԩħ֮ϢѺۣѰܹȥֻ»δȥѾˡ
ûһֿܡ
أ䣬ǺӿֹԨãֵǸһֱߵŮӣ֮ǰûзʲô֮
֮
ֵͷ˼ϸϸ룬һ·ϣǸŮΪƽƽƺֻһЩк֮
ˡͳһɲǣȻһ˿ĺɱǼˣĪĴ˸

֪ȥ˶ãҲ֪ǺεأһºɣһƬԶʧ䣬ѾõĴأ˼䡣
ȡȿȡ
ˣֻ֫ٺʹѣϻʲôѹţ΢΢ۣȴ˵ϡ
ѡѣ
Ŭȥڽˣϣ΢΢һܵҪȻֻԶһ£;ȫǿҪɢһ
ۡ
һʹ۽һ¾ˮ˿̾˿ãǸղ׹ʱЩˡ
𶯡
ŲڶһԪƣ˻ֻϹһֹƽʱ࣬¹ϣֻ˸е˵䡣
ǡ
һŻ֮ǰ׹ʱʧȥʶǰһ̣ǹħϢɡǣ
ֻʯᾣһȣ֮һƬųûκϢһһľ
ħڣ˱˴˶ӣֵͬ˳
ʱһŵؿܣһҲסˣҲҷκһ˿ҲԽԽͣ
ħڣĴ˵кܶ࣬˵̫ʱڣһλħ֮ǰֻգԲ飬ᣬ˾ⰵյħڣ
Ҳ˵ħսϸʱ֮ʱħڴˣħ𣬵ħϢȴԶγһһյϣ硣
˵Σѹ޴׷ݣȴʲôطǶµһ¯еýûó
Щ֮ͽ޴ӣѡħڣһƴܹħڣģ޲׼֮ڴһһطȥ
˽գħڣȻ˶еĽɣٶǰ̸֮ɫֶ֮ͨҲһϹŽ֮ء
ʱ˿̣ɫԽԽ԰ףҲԽԽ٣֪һ毺õŮӣ䵽ħڣ³꣬ǧ꣬ȥԶΪЩ˵¯֣

ֻâһȻһذףȻȻԼϻȥ鼱һָ̣һ죬סĵУʲô
ҡҡ
һֻ̣ɫ԰ף۾ˮһֻ˾С¹٣ؿڲסֻ֪нԼһ˹֣пȥ³
δй˵ĺǴ˿̣ǰӣ֪ΪΣָеİеذס
ȻʱԶĺڰ֮УСɳɳ֮ɫһ̴˸ƣͷһҲذ׺ǰŵؽ䱸
ɳɳɳɳɳ
ԽԽԽԽܼ֪ʲôֻ˸еͷƤ飬ǻ£ǧһ


0406 ˳
ʲôˡ
ɫɷףһֱԣҲҶһ£һѳ¹֮£溮âȴһɱ˽
ڣǰߵĺӰˣԼŽˣЩˣ߽һȴŵһ
ֻЩ˸ޱȣƹһеͷǣе¶е۾м䣬ȥֲѡ
áƯŮˡٺٺ٣ٺٺ١
ֻЩ˺ȻճЦﲻ֪ʲôҺ壬ȥȶֿ¡
ĳƵóЩϻմѪ⣬Ǹսʳʳʲô¾ˡ
Щˣħ֮ϢȾ󣬱ˡ
˵ţѾزЩѪѻ˵ʳ˰һһųԣǵʵħڣߣȴҲʹ
ֲǣܶ࣬˰ˣôһŸˡ
ٺ١ٺٺ٣ƯŮˡ
ֻЩˣ˹ĳȫʢʱڣҪԸЩˣȻ׾٣˿ˣ޷һЩ˰ΧأЩ˵Ұһ˺ѡ
ۼЩѾΧǰ˸ֱӳϣһǰݳ͡һѪĽʱ˳ȥ
Χ˼ͬˣһԴ󷢣Ѫ죬͵س
鼱֮£ֻʩչ｣һһͻΧڹƬ̣£һ±ڲָô˻ᣬһǰˣ˲һ±ߵɽ
ꡭ
̴˸ƣһֱؿڲסոǿһĻǾδЩ˷ŭˣЩԼᱻǳֽʬ
໡
ϱߣЩ˺ȻǺһȻںͬܿ죬Ƭضгǧ˶߹ˡ
ô졭
ɫɷףԽԽңһۣٴδ˸ƣ侲㲻ǸʲôѵһҲ޷侲𡭡
䡭侲
ؿԼȹʲôûмǡǱϾڵؼܺ켶ᲢۣοϹŽ֮ءħڣ
Щ˵ж٣
ҡҲ֪
ҡҡͷ侲ӦֻҹûһǾͻصԼĳѨȥ
ƺϤ
ҡ
˵һ㶣̧ͷҡҡͷҲֻ˵ѡ󣬷һĲŵ̾ϢʹЩ˵׷ɱգȴҪ뿪
ĵǣħڣˣѾ֪ǽˣ£۴С£ħڣ
ǴڕDɣ֮ɱʹӣֱ׷ɱֵ綼֪ˣħڣˣ֪ܲһ·ֻǲߡ
ڣʱ潥ЩѰһҹҲûҵڵɽ
һҲָЩΪٴξЩˣóȻʶ̽Ѱȵ泹װʱ˸ƣȥ±߲Ҫ

˵ͷԽŵؿ㵱һЩ
ԥ˫һ㣬ȥϷ漴һʯ棬̽ͷһȷʵӰ󣬲ȥǲˡɡ
ƮƮԣСԶһۣӰɿɫصصǺܿ䵽ˡ˳桭
˵˴ָ㣬ɫһ±֣ٹվԲ֮ҹʱ˻ȫұüѪ֮ǰǱ봩˵ء
䲻֪Ϊζħڣ˿̲˵Ц˵ͷ˱㼴Сǰ洩ȥ
һ·ֻѨЩѨ棬ʱȻЩ˯
ڶڱϣܿ˹ǣее¶⣬вˣΪЩ˵ʳ
ꡭ
һѨʱ˸ƣΪ⾪Щ˯ŵˣֻС
ʱ˲ڴԽƬãã˳Ѩʵڣħڣʮƶ֮أǵûʲôʱᱻħ֮ȾЩԴḻ֮أѱռ죬ΪȥõĵطϧԼŮ͸ˡ
˿ҹɫһһ㰵ԶƬ˳Ѩһ·Щ겻ᣬʵôˣ


0407 ½֮

ŻعҡҡͷǰҹĻֵɽûУֻ룬һħڣˣħڣ棬һ֪£Ҳһ֪ǽˣ̤ħڣһ𣬾ͿѾ˶ˡ
˵˴ֻعͷؿǧҪСħڣˣȻ޷ȥֻΪħ֮谭ǵУδûǧϹ뻯֮
ûСƹħڣˣܹ˶ӵĻģǷ֮
߰ɣѰһط̰ҩƳ

˵ͷ˱㼴ǰҹĻֵʯɽжȥˡ
ħڣﲻ棬봦СģΪطſռѺۣص׻пµħ֮͸֮ħ֮ˣһЩԶħ֮ȾʧΪ򶪵Ϊˡ
һҵһʯĹȣѰһɽڶⲼһȡҩ¯ʼҩ
ϴߵôæҺûŪٵ
ŵЩҩģ˵ϴҩʱ˵ͻȻɱ滹˸ΪֲӣЩ¡
ֱҹʱ֣Ƴ˵һҩܹƻָ˷֣ʣ֣һĵһ֪ħڣܷҵ
ʲô
һоͼüͷ΢΢һ壬ʵ

ع˿ϵҩʵҩ𣿡

΢΢ͷ߽Щٿĵͼƺ֮ǰЩ̫һˡ
һϲָŵͼϵ㿴û֮ǰҲûз֣ǽħڣԭģħڣλãͽˡ㿴ħڣķɳǣڵɷ򣬾Ǵ˿ڣֻﲻľ롭
˵˴̧ͷȥɳǣҲܹҵҪʱƾܳ׻ָˡ
ŵͼ棬˼ģǾѷɣ֮Ԫ򣬻ȥδ룬Ȼ첻ֻȵƻָʱ취뿪ħڣȻͲųȥ
ѵͼ𣬽һ·СһЩ

еĵͼ濴һۣСھͶ𣿡
²˳٣̶
ֱһҩ¯ʣµҩľ䣬֮Ҫ̶ôŸ·ÿطܴ̫á
¹䣬ϣһ˪һ䣬ȻһԵȥʵƺϤ֪ħڣЩˣǵ𣿡
ǡ
ͷ룬ҡҡͷֻ˵ħڣЩˣʼǱŵһЩˣǰǼǧǰҲһЩ֮ͽ޴ȥҲѡħڣ׷ɱֱ졭
˵˴̧ͷʵܶ࡭ܶ׷ɱģҪô棬ҪôţҪôǿһҲȥˡ
˵֮˳˼˿ħڣǱӲпµһطˣ֮棬Ҫǿʳûκεɽ
ԼҪδﴳȥѵҪһҲȥһҲزȥʦδ룬
ˣ֪½֮ҡ𣿡
ʱȻ˼عȥ΢һüʲô½֮ң
Ȼ㲻Ƕ½ˡ
ҡҡͷȻ֪ʲôˣڿԿ϶ˣǶ½ˡ
һԶҹĻգһ̣ĳֻ䣬ٶǰȻϸ˵һλ㲻Ķ½֮ңȻʱҲδֻһ˵ģʱĲΣ˿ηЩ
˵˴תͷĶ½֮ңһǧǰʱ֪ΪΣħڣħ֮ͻȻʱʧˣʹħڣȫ˳Ǽ˾ɱģսңʱ䣬̱һЩСĹңڻߵĿֲ֮£һҹ仯ΪС
ǧǰ
һ˵ţһüǧǰǸʱҲԪҵʱ
ħݣħ棬Ȼһλʦ޳ɾ񹦣Щ𣬺ſʦӣǵʱţʦ˸ܾˣŻǧƽ
һΣħʦ֮£ȥ˺δȴ֪
ȵȡ
عո˵ٶǰô£
ҡҡͷٶǰǴΣ㲻Ķ½֮ңǴħڣʵûܴȴ֪ΪΣͻȻԳħڣˣͬսң½ѪɺӣһεĻңȻңѹ֮£ܿƽϢˡ
֮ٴ˳˼ٶǰҲԪĶ֮֮䣬Ǽ£ǼħڣȻԪ
ϴȥɱž켫ҹ쳣𵴣ԼǰͻȻʧ־ӺΪĳϣҲǰʲôѵһУû˿
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲôһɺ⣬ʱͷ͸˽ŵף̲סһ


0408 ɳ
㡭ôˣ
ɫ䣬ͣ˽ŲԴ죬תͷҡҡͷ߰ɡ
Ļƻ裬˷ɳ⣬˳ǵһȥǹŴĲƳǹ紵ɳ죬Ҫ˵Ƥ˺ѡ
ǳУȻΪע⣬˶һɫۣװ磬ħڣĵطҲעĿ
˽УȻƲƵĳǹʵʮι̣طз󷨣ϿգҲ죬ڲǻɳ֮С
ι̵ĳǳأǼҲҲ߷䣬Щ˴ݵλ΢ΪԼ£СĽ
ħڣܲ£ΪԶ֪ǰˣ˭£Ҳֻһʱﲻףҹͻᶪ

ڳй䵽ڣڼҲ˽һħڣħڣһħ֣֮ҲǧֻҪħ֮ɢôҲܳȥ
Щħ֮ǴԶʱȻҲУħ֮˻޵֮ˣԻᱻ鸯ʴ
֮⣬ħڣΧҲżռѺۣЩѺ۶ֻܿ˲ſͨЩѺ۽ħڣ
ħڣ棬Ҳһŵ֣֮ƶĵطЩڣЩطû߻ȥһ㣬ԳһЩˣ̾ᣬǴ˿ڵķɳǣڽϵ͵ĵɷ
һССķɳǣΧߣħڣֻ֮ǿߣ֪
ʱһҩ̣Сҩȴʮַࡣ
ƹҪĵͰɷ
ĵ
ҩƹֵش˶һ£ƵûУĵУҪ٣

Եȡ
ҩƹҩȡɫԲĵʲôҩһҩӣżǿ
ƹ֪δѰ
ʮֺҵ˵¥һأȴҪǧյ̻ᣬȥһ¡
л
ҩ̣ĵСϵһССҩ̲ܻаĺ֮˱ĵҲ˶ΣҩĴһȻӻƻָ
Ҫǣأûаʹ˺ˣҲпܻ谭οҪҸᾡӵԪΪȷһʧõ
ڡô죿
ԱüȥڹʱҲɸҲ
ȥһʲô¥
ȥҹĻᴹ֮£ֻԼԼһ¥Ӱӡ
Žӽҹʱڴˣ¥Ƿɳһ̻ᣬÿ£ɳǸǰȡԼҪԴ
ڰǰ¥һˣպóȴҪǧڽ¥Ĵ˰꣬ҲδܽȥҪõóǧ
ϡУǵˣܹΪ磬Σʱ̻һǧ׵֮
ô죿
˫üǰ˷Ҫǧɣȥǧ
ţȥ⡣
ȥʲô
ǧ

һ»ûӦħڣԶʱħսĳЩطȻһЩϹޣһ֣ҪҵһͺˣοҪȡôܻС
һʱ
һɽֻľ죬һȻܻ廨ôϹȥǧ
⣬ǧ𣿡
һǰǹ֦Ҷïپֻһһ߰ɳļӲָǧ

סˣؿӡ˵Ц𣿡
Ҳ˵Ц
ı£Ҫǧٱǧк֮ѣ
˹һϲôû뵽˵꣬˫ֽӡʩչ˻һ¾ͽǹٱȥһһ㵭İ׹⡣
УȱϢ
һ˵ţһȡ㣬˳šһĨʱմȾһϢرۼ֮ˣҲԷֱˡ
ŵǧһתϲΪǣüǽ¥Ѱ֮أϷɳǸ̫࣬һ˷ˣֻǻᡭ
ﲻصģмƲߡ
һۣնһ


0409 ͵
ӹƺѾʲôҪ¥ǰߵˣǲܣҪ漸ƣк֮ѣǵ˿Ǯʱᱻ˫ۡ߰ɣسǡ
ڶգһ¥;ˣзɳˣҲзɳǸһЩˣˣǻȡԼ֮
Ѿݳһߵģϴźۣ¥ҵĻƣҪ̻̬ȣЦϯ

°룬յصϷҪ
⡭
󲻽ЩΪѣ˵²ɣӦ֪¥Ĺء
˵˴æ̧ͷҡֵģǽ¥Ķ޼٣Īǽ¥
ϻ˵
һͷصϷҲܿһۣǾͲˣֹ¥УǧȴֻϷУˣСߡ
ȵȣ
ƼҪߣһ¼ˣҪٻȥʧ˵¥Ҳ½Ȼ˵ӣͲòȥºòǧˣܷߡ
һ
롣
̬ȹһ¥ֻŸߣ˽ˣҲʱЦӭ
ǿܹóǧˣԷѰ֮ʿ¥ȻҪ£ǰԱһۣСȡ
ǡ
ӶȡһӣǺӴ򿪣˸ġʱ˳һ·Ŵ࣬淺ŵĵ׹⣬ݶӳͨ
⡭
ߺСƶסˣǴ˿ݵϢǾ̾ǧ
ȻǱϲ٣Ҳȥȥǰߣ֮ʱȻ˸١
һŻعƴӺĹȡһ̴ľӡ
ǺӴ򿪣ֻһƺڵĶһ㵭⣬һ£۵֣壬ȷϵȰ
˵գӻ˻ȥ߽ӹĺӣ˿ӷŻԭȻšĺӣǧϷͲˣڴ˴Ժһóǡ
⡭
һ£ǧļֵԶʮֹʧ̽ĺһţ֮ӹĺӣСƵȥһ㡣
ǡ
ҲԵСΨʧȥӷһ㣬߻عͷȥ֮ǰĺӣֵϷһ¡
΢΢һ㶣̻ع˵ǽһ£ʧѴɷġ

ؿǧϷļʤϷˣҲΪһذ
Ŵԣƺ߽һ㶵ؿã߲ŵѡ㣬ʲô˼
ȥŽ¥İٳٽȥôǧ͵Ϸ͸ǣкܶҪȡҼҪĶ
⡭
һ»Ȼ˹һƵǰ裡
ˣ⡭Ƕ𡣡
ȡһöʯϣһۣСߡ
߿˿ⲻʯŷӦæƵǰȥ
ֱã亹乣øղûоܾҪ֪ɳǸֲֹ¥һ̻ᣬ˽Щȥ̻ᣬô¥ʧٿˣҲ޷󡭡
һ̻Ҫչ׳ǾͱԴԴƽƽ棬Ǿþ޷ȥôֻԽԽ١
ĨĨ亹ҡͷһЦתǷŰĺ𣬷ŻԭֻȰʱ￪ʼ
ʱ棬СƱñ֮ǰӹˣЦǰ롣
ˣϷϲߵȥͨɡ
һ˵ţһͨǱȥˣҲҵǰӭȥˡ
ϣ˿һۣǻԱߣǲ˾нȥǵǡ
ǣǡ
Цŵ˵ͷվôһͷǰߣҲòڣԱȥطкĿˡ
Ƭ֮ߵȥһаʱٳǡ
أ
¥ڰң뿪ƱɣùңٳǣȥǸطҡ
áһҪСġ
˫ü΢壬תȥˣȻո¥棬ߡǢ̸֮ʱѾϢѰˡ


0410 
ߺµλϣʱʱԱߵЦ䣬˿Եýš
˰ʱ̻ڿʼˣȺҲֻĸߵ¥е̨ϣǰһЦһǰһλصѼĴڽ¥İλǰԸһǧΪ
ޡ
һ±λ˶˾Ȼ󣬵ǧǲĪǻԸԴ˽
ȺҲвҡͷ̾ϢȫԵȵĽǰˣ˿ռôˣֻϧԼûаҲܻһǧˡ
һȺŽȻó˿˵ʧ֮飬Цλ԰꣬λǰֹһǧպ󻹻ǧ¥λ
ʲô
ֱһδƽһȺٴλȻһιãΧŽȻᶼ뿴ʲôֱ˴óôǧʼλϣɫ
ЦЦһӵ򿪺ӣλ
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ӲŲæѺӴ򿪣ȻӴ򿪵һ˲䣬ߵЦȴӲϣҲһӶЩﻬȥ
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ˡ
ǺȻʶʲôװӵӵ򿪺ӣ
Ҳ֪˺£ֻûֻŽŴ򿪺ӣȻһ򿪣ֻâһûг֣ȴһ߰ɵٳ̨ϣʱŵɫ
ʲô
̨ٺ˶վôˣͷһڽ¥˻֮£⾿ô£
̨߸ŵĵѣ׷ʲô£ɫɷףæ죡гڣκ˳룡
һ£ȺøӻˣҲѳ˺ȥͰ͵ߣźһţһ𣬻ΪһƬҽ
ιǽ¥ʲô
ʲôôͻȻˣ
ô£ʲôˣ
ŷһһ±øʧˣ¥ˣĸǷ̨֮ʶУȥƱ£ʱʧء
Σҵ𣿡
ءǰûпˣոշڣһ¾ʧˡ
ңһ¥УҲҪҾ
ǣǡ
˽¥ĵӣһȫˣѰŹκһ䣬ôң¥ܻҵõǸߡˣ
ûãȺͿʼ궯˶¶˲֮ɫҪڳ֮˽ǷɳǸ֮ˣܽȻɣ
ȻǲܵģȥҲǲܵģֻܰ黯СǽһԽԽ
ֻ߲ʧ֮ʣֻ¥ȻƮƮһӰһӣһѽԻͣһѽӣǴ˼ˣ˳ơӡ
ӡ
Ⱥ̰˸ټ£ֻӱȭһЦ˵ǽ¥λ֡
ǡӣʲôȺʵ
һЦԵ÷ƵЦ£ֻʱЩ⣬յ̻ᣬ޷ټˣʮֱǸλĪ֡
һ˵꣬¥ĵӣ̰гȫˣҡͷ̾Ϣֻȥˡ
˶뿪ֻ֮ɫͻȻü亮ˣ̨ߵʱ׹ѣͨһȥɸСĴ⣬
ûõķ
һɫصҽ¥ڴ꣬δֽȻ֮£֮ڣ׷ˣͷ˵գ˫һţ¥ȥֻʣ̱ڵء

˵˳Ǻһ·ɽȥԼһʱҹٵĵطǴ˴ȴӰ

ڸѰƬ̣ްӦԵ޹뿪Īʲôˣ
ʱһ紵Զ֦Ϲһ߽һȴһƬǳǳɫ½ǣϵóϴ·
һɲǣϣ˫һ㣬չ߷׷ȥ


0411 Σ
ٺ٣Сܵõͦ죬ܹӽ¥ѶȻЩ£ԽԽϲˡ
аû˵ɫͷһѵСƤýԲע⣬Ҫ﷭
ӽ׽סӵˣôˮ۵Сӣӷǰϰٰʮ鲻ɣ
˵ˣǰǻ
ֻɽ棬ӰٴǸòͷͷϡ裬˫ݽȥһȣģȥЩ¡
мһο࣬һ۵ˣұһɫ۵ߣһѰɫȥмɷǡ
ˣǷɳǸĳϣƽϲþһ£ʱΪɷǹͷ˳ƹаǷаĴ֮һһаϲŮ֮Ϊ¯嶾
мĺǲ˽̵ϣ½뽭ұǸȥɷǵĵŵĶӣƵõˣʵݡ
ֻ˼ɳʱƿǰһƿֻ֮һӰǰɽȥˣ˲ǱˣȻ
ڰʱǰеȴȴͻȻˣҲ֪Ǻʱ˶ϵģֻܵϣԭظһƬ½Ǻ󣬱һ·ֻӶˡ
ٺ٣СӣܣϷ㣬Ȱǹһ·ٽ㶪Ϸ嶾桭ٺ٣
ֻаЦһһ㣬һ˲չһ¼׷ȥ
գ۾׷ͷһǰӶȥǺ˾нӽΪһҲܶԸոȫƾһ죬Ӷˣ뻢צˡ
Ƭ֮ǰǶ¾ڣһ¼м䣬аٺЦСӣء㻹ܣ
ǡ
ɫɷףؿڣղӶݵʱϵĺѱ飬˿̺٣ؿһһǹа۾ҲŲˡ
ӵҪ㻳ŵʲôٺ٣
аЦһѸ磬Ȼһ³ؿץȥһɲ֮ʣԶһɫа˲ɱһµ͡һһָһôʱҶ׷ɡ
ʲôˣ
а־ŭȿ壬һӰѷԣ˶һƣһˣо΢΢һһΪ
λǰڴΪһδҲ̫ˣһλǱˡ
񵭵˵ʱѶöѪ룬ԱһɫЩɷףźһҲҶ
ٺ١Ҿ˵ƾһˣôܴӽ¥߶ԭСӡ
аЦЦĿ´һԵ½뽭ȥ½뽭СӽˣϵıȫֻҪСӣΣ
½뽭ﰵһ˭ƲСΪĪ⣿
ΪߣϾδ⾳Է˿̣ȴһԼԼѹܹѹģΨߣѵô۵ĻëСӣһ֣
Ŀǰһڼϣصҷֻ֮ҪģԼŰ졭

а˫һУĿһϣʱڷ˶Էɫ쳣ٺЦֲãԭСǱѣȻܻ죬Ǹ漣ֲҪˡ
ԭˡ
һ£Ҳû˸ղѹȸУǰĪ⣬Ϊ֮Σ֪Էش̱޿ˡ
аһЦСӣղǿǧԪģǣǲűѵĻȰ㻹ǹԹ־ܣΪٸƨãӳ㲡Ҫٺ١
ֱ˿̣Ȼ治ɫǿǧ׷ȷʵǣˣ»֧ţȫƾŵЦ촫ġ
Ī⣬ת֮ʱ߰ʹ˱ֵܹͭƽԳܵ˺ĻڕDȣܾѾˡ
ڹŴ棬ЦŴ˹壬üһָҲʱȡˡ
СӣԹԽǸСӣϵıһ򣬺ٺ١
ֻаͷƽһֱʱȻһЦǰˣҪʧˡ
һ˵꣬ѱϣһӣݡöѪ˲аȥ
ϾԪĹ󣬼ϹаħڣεʱǰҪΣգҲ룬תȫֵİȻǰѰ֮ʱȴѴȥӰˡ
Сӡ
аϾɫδأ£ոܵǰϢеĻɡ
׷ˣ
׷ȥʱ֮⣬ɣδʱʱȥͻȻ׷
ˣʲô

Լ̻عС֮ǰĶԻǷɳǸһаڣһ˽̣һš
⸽Ŷ
⡭
룬ü֮ڣİٸ
鷳ˡ
ͣһɽǰü̧ͷǵһμüͷչЩСʵǡȥģ
ȥﶼûã˿̡Ѿ¶ˡ
תͷһϾ˴δй֮ɫ
˿ԼЩˣС㲻Ҫҡңе㺦¡
һĿ𴦣˵ǿҪһˣӣӲˡ

ôһ˵һ֮ǰ׷ɱʱҲδ˵ЩȻ˵ĻǾһ˵˵ˣң˿ָǺаˣǡ
ᵯ𣿡תͷȻʵ

һʣ΢΢һ㶣ȻشѽټһĦ߸ңһ߻صҶʦӦܹӡ޷ͷţҹ˯
˵˴̧ͷٵҪʱҩҩ֮󣬻ҪʱָһʱΣҪҵסˣǶ
ҡ
˿ΣиǴסˣ̧ͷδ񣬾ͺǣԼˡһİ
á
ص˵ͷһ̣ҲȻӹ٣Ҳû˿־֮ɫһָ˵ұƴҲǣ㰲ҩˡ


0412 ˮ
˵һ䣬ȡ˹ȥӹ˵Ѱ಻Ϊ÷ٵʮԪע⡣˵꣬㲻ٵ飬̽ɽҩ¯ȡ˳
ȿڵķһۣҲԥɽ˼ɱ󣬵˳ʱԵֵһ
һУߵڱϣϥٷ˫ϥϣһްֻңɫ侹ʮֵƽ˫ᲦŪңһ⵴ȥ
ܿ죬㽫а˹ʹûҪҵɽҲʲô¡
Сӣԭˣٺٺٺ١
ڶڱߵ٣аЦȥ֮ˣ˿ûз½䱸ǸղЩѪУʱ˿̣Ǳ쳣С
ȵȣթ
һ½סˣɽ棬ȻֻܿĹ˸ʲôҲ
ƽ޲·ȫûпһԽˣаԽǾթóȻȥ
ֻаٺһЦСӣĪ֪ԼӲˣڴ˵٣ӻ˷аڣôô㵯ԡٺ١
Իǲǣ˫һأԲңղʱڶڸ»󣬵ǲ֧ŵƻָڣƬ̣Ƭ̡
ڲԶһûȻ½뽭ߵԣСʵӣߺͣʲôû
аȴһ̤ţЦ˶ҹаӽ컹治аˣܸʲô
˵գֻ̤ɽǱȥȻû߼Ȼɱֻǰ߲ԶºȻðʮâӲӵĽֱа˫նȥ
Ӵ
а⽣һҿӦѸ٣ʱղ˻ȥȻ˫ҲҪǷĽն
㡭СƤҲ߯Щùаû˫ȣԺ˳ȳаˣ
аָģǻ½뽭һۣɫϣСƤһ޺ӣɱ±аҪ
ôһ˵ǿСûɱˣµģûǧҲмˣϧϧˡ
аһ߶ţһ˻ȥ֮ǰܹ׷һ·ӴܣΪ·ͻȻûʱ䲼ڼȻѲ»ɱķ֣ܵƬ̡
תһһˣʱɽ棬ȻƮһҩаʱģСҩ˺ˣͳԲ˶ˣ
Ҳһ·Ӧ˹Ҫǰ鿴һâɳʱ߶ǰ󷨣һ½档
Сҩ취󣡡
½뽭˫ֽӡһǷΧѪƣ֪ʲôɣһǷȻ࣬ȥ¡һֱɽһ
Ӻ͹аҲԼķϳڵĻȥ˾ǽϵ۷Ϊǵ֮Ҫͬʱ˹һʱȻóȴأԲҡ
湥Ƭ̣󷨿ʼɶһ亹ŵɽƮҩ㣬֪ҩɹʱţʧ
Сҩˣ죡
ŵɽƮҩ㣬ҲЩżˣܹӽ¥ѶߣɽΪΣһȶԷָˣͻѣҪɱ׾١
أСƤͣ£
а󼱣ָһ˲һԪҵһǺ֮ݡһȥ
СƤ䵽аؽܣ
а̬󷨳ԼȴȻָһȻתԪһɲǣ߸ҺȻųҫ۹âаƲԣչȴȻ
ֻһ죬һնȥƲɵа˹壬ȴ顱һԱǵ˻ȥǱѡ
㡭
аûϵȻȷԼУ񲻿ɽʯҲֵס
һʱ䣬ּ˫ֳ̰ɫȴɫԱ½뽭ӿȥСӵķٺǾɵۿţ֣
ȻҪ֡
һɨҲһ֧֮ٿȻзȥ


0413 
Ƭ̹֮£ѽв֧ÿһΣƱԪ𼸷֣ƺǿһ㣬˲ַͼľԪ
֪ѹȥʱȫ亹ʪ͸ˣǺɽɨһۣûô
ٺ١
аɭɭЦЦСӣСҲˣˣҽˣŽҲǸˣαΪװ׶Լأаһȥ
кιϵ
䣬ָһһùаæ˻ȥһˣһҡͷǲײĲᣬ˵СջˣһˣǲŹаĻٺ٣ӻȥˡ
ޣ
һۣǳģģұɽҲùֳͷȥޡģ
٣СƤӿҲǲײĲᣡ
аһߵۣһ˸ӵĶʱɽڴҩã֧Ƭ̡
ԣһʯ£һ±ˣָˣؽ֮أ
⡭
Ƽʱ񣬹аʱ֪нʱСҩãֻ˹ָˡ
ȻҲʶ⣬ٲԥһȥֻ¡¡һ죬ɽ²ʯ˺֮£Щ󷨡
ƱĻûôס
˫ü壬Ȼ˫ֲϲŪһ±ô̶ѵʮȥֽȹ
ֻлȫǷ绨ѩµȻ֮£ȴŮµɱһóȻΪ
ô죿Ů˵ĻҲ߯˵㡭
˱ߣ޷ƿǻ󣬴˿һΪԶǵŮӣǱ޲
ʱԶȻһ쳣Ϣ˾΢΢һתȥֻǹ⣬дƬӰý˵ˡ
һµ꣬мһµòˣұһȥЩаİ׷ӣüһѪӡ
ˣֱǷаڵ˽̽ʥãѪ£󣬻ŽٵĵӣԼгϵˡ
а֮ǰǴѶŹû뵽һѰСӶѣȻλˣôʱЩֲ̿æȥ
μ
μʥã
μ
˵ͷҶ˵ʲôǲ֪ΪΣ˿̾һֲõԤУĪɽСӴͷǽ鷳ˣһǿгԲ˶ˡ
߿
Ѫأǰһ̤Ҳˣɽڵһۣɽ濴ȥѣɷһ̸
һѹаһͿӣĪСӵͷС
һ±ʱɽڱߣȴ˿δɽ䱸֪ЩҪʲôȴţ֮ǰ˵ˣνһ֮ս
ʱɽٴδһʱָصסǡ
Ŵԣ̲ס΢΢һ˵û̸ˣҪ˹ָؼʱ̣κδţؽش
뵽˴һᣬٴָԪȻ˾ģƴҲҪֵסЩ˵Ľֻһʱá
Ѫ¼ûжٴελѣ֪棬ɷ̸
аʼղ֪λǰСʲô̸ģֱɱȥ͵𣿻˵ѵλҲɵСӡ
½뽭ǰߣߵʥǰСʥãҪȻֱȥ
죬㶮ʲôҺû£
ʥúһۣǰһߣɽӯӯһЦ˵еλѣ㻹ǳգλ⣬ֵ˶ãǲСˣĪۡ
Ƭ̣ɽȻûаѪ˽Щʧȥˣаǰһ̤˪صλѣ㵱治ϳһ̸
ʱɽڴֻ·λΪУ̸ҿˣҪǲܸǵġ
˼ǣƲԳԷˡ
аɫһ±úѪһ̧ٴеѣӦ֪һУһղ߳ɷٶţҪģ޷Ǹ֮Ǹ
вٴаһϻôɱŮģȥˣ
ʥӯӯһЦλգ³ܲסһѲ绹ԳɣλգѪ棬δϧ
ڱϣҽЩҪĶʲôһ񣬸ոչȻ˵׼ˣЩ˵ֹţиţ¶Ѿ߸ˡһ㣬һʱҲҪס
ʱֻԶʣдƬӰֶһǿϢҲɽ˹
ʱһô죬Щ˾Ѿôɷİٸš


0414 
ܿ죬һƬӰɽϷȥǺѹѹһƬɽһһнˣȴǵɷ룬֮󣬿¸֮࣬İٸţÿֻǰ֮ڡ
һ̣侲򶨣ҵ˫֣Ҳ̲ס΢΢ٷ·ҲܵǿбƽҾ΢΢ϸ΢֮
ѪҲû뵽Щ˾֮죬ûʲôϢܹӹħڣġ
ĿǰڴһٶţдţҲСƬֻ̺ߴӰзɽһѪ˿ȥʵ˹棿

ѪͷûжԣĿⶼͬʱɽ濴ȥһ̣ɫ˼ָӡ
ãһ߲ɽ洫ȥСѣɷһ̸
û֪Ѿ˹ָؼʱڣܲôţ˵ˣλ̸ҪǿҲ
һ˵ֻ꣬һһϢȴòһ
˷׷ȥ룬ŮӾ˭ˣһ˲ŲҵڶڣǣԶʤħڣӣ
𽥱򶴿ڱϿȥкâ˸ħԨǱȲûЩǿߣڵɷҲͷȥһŮӣδʧݣ˿ᡣ
˼ˣͬʱһԾ˻˸ոյĵطЩӣʱȴ۵ǰȥ
ȼ﹥ȥתԪȻԽ󣬽֮Խ࣬ʮˡ
ۼ󷨱һһƣɫЩɷף˫ȻϲŪңһ˳ʱ֮ɳȥ
ȥ˰ʱ䣬ֻǶĿյϣһƬˣﲻѪȻǱˣҲãÿһηƱҲԪ𣬵ǲϷǴֻһֿܣԪݽ߶
ϹҲ˶죬в㣬ǻڴˣһҵ˵ˣˣҲһܹܵס֮
Զ߾δ뵽һССŮӣʱһµѳɶ֣εֵҲãÿգùװڴ
ȻΪ˵ȻҲз˻һԭڹɽŵӣʱͣ
ֻɫ԰ףȻһЦҼȴӦش˴ϲǽȥһ˵ţһָֽ֮ϡ
Զ˾ü˾ǿŮӣаǲҡͷϧ˿ϧˣ˶ȴҪˡ
ϴЦڴ˿˵֮£һ㣬ֿʼ쵯һӣֻһ԰ƴһ㡣
ڤ粻飡
ǰһ䣬һ̧ʱʮӰǶڷȥۼʮƼᣬȻҲ׼һһɳ¡һ㽫ʮ˻ȥ
Ȼһٶ̫죬һ³ǰָһȥֻ͡һһҼϣʱѪɽϱһ̲סһѪӿ
ʹ֮£Ȼ٣ҼʹһҵһӸϣʱѪ˳ȥ
һĻֱԶ˶ĿɿڴȻߵͽܣۼͽˣɱ֣Ȼһ˲ԭʧˡ
һ˲䣬ֻһͻȻǰһ̧һɿʱؿɳָմ֮ϣ˹еһϣʧȥƣ˳ȥ
ߣǵУʱǾκһҶۣһߵû˿ֿ֮˲ᱻ÷顣
ۼ߳ɱһһ̣ȴƽҲûʱĿֻţֻȻһЦҾˡ
۾һ˲䣬һ˫֣ȴȻסˣһɲǣʱ侲ֹһԶ˶ס˺
Ҳ΢΢һֻĲһ̣ߵǴʱ˿̣ʱȴ·ԭĶһ̾ȻޱȵĻ
ٹ䵭ָһеѨȥ͡һߵʱشԲһѪ˶浹˻ȥ


0415 Ԥ֪
һɲǣʱ·ָֻת߱кȻǸһָ˻ȥһ˿мܵصĶûС
ۣ
ص棬һѪӿһ񣬾¶˿־֮ɫ
ڱϣסķ٣󣬵ֻҪ󡣡
㡭
Ҳû뵽ƾָˣΪôܺȻ֮䱩֮ࣿոǿһ߰һָ֮£û˿֮
ɽ˷㾲˶ЩţɽǸǰʱϮɱһʹߵ𣿹Ȼʵֲ
תһ̣Ŀһ㣬ȺɨĽ棬˸ֱӡ
ǣ뿪Σ
٣䵭ڴ˿̰ٶ·ı˪һ̹ǣ˸
ո˶ˣһĸ֣һָҲܲסĪǴˡΪ⡭ôܣԽԽǸеľ
Ƭ̣һµ߲ŻȺ߳ϢϷֱҲһߣֻĿϣƽصСѵΪȷʵҵ֮κһܼڳСܹ˵ȥ𣿡
ŴһٶڳߣҲ˵ʲôοδΪ뵽˴ֿʼ
Լⷽ˵ʱ̤ǰһĿһصҵǶֻҪССΪ֮⣬ֻҪСѿϽҵȾС뿪
ۼԽԽ̣Ҳס˺һʱףЩҪĶʲôȻִţôˣһ֮ǰԤϵģ
ǰ磬СѽóɣֻҪСѿϡ
˵ֻ꣬Ȼָ棬һɲǣӿ߸ųҫ۹âߵʱֻеһϣ󣡡
׼һ˲䣬˷Ҳͬһʱ̣ѱϣһɿҡ

һ𣬵һɹâɨȥһ㣬֮ɽͷϿȡһнֲ֮»촷ۣ
ģ
ĿѣæԪ磬Ȼɨʱֻ¡һ죬Բĵ棬ԱѣƬƬգɳۡ
Ȼû£棬ǧˣԱҷ˳ȥ˲֪ʱķڷ֮£ˮµѨһ
ã̳ɢȥɽȶΪƽأڳ֮ˣ޲ľһٿǸˣ徹ز
Ҳԭأǰٵɽȣû뵽һУȻ˿ֲ
ߡ
Ȼ٣һǰȥ΢΢һҲȥʱ˿̣ڳҲûһȥ·ˣֻɽȥ
ûһȻܹ˴ݲȵ˵УЩ˻ħڣˡصҲ
˿˸ʼѪˣҲֻɽȥ
˿ʱȻִһСѵȵȣ
ǸߴȺ˳߲ȥģ߳˵ɷҲûã֪ħڣж󣬷ɣ֮һϣһ⡣
ŴԣɵһԭЩҪľǷɣ֮ôһԤϵˣ˵ЩҪɣ֮ѵ롭
Ԥ֪һУ˿ͣתͷΪ˷ɣܹ֮뿪ô桭
㡭߱˵һͣԶԡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ߣղǾ仰񶼱Īе򲻶ҡͷ̾ЩһЩĵӣãȻ֮ɫ
Ҫԡô
Ȼ䣬ֻɫ֪ΪΣͻȻˣеĪһ
֪£ȴҪƭԼǰɱЦ
񵭵˵һ䣬ҲЩˣֱǰȥȻû߳ǺʺȻӿɫһвƾϯЩ¡
ʱһתʾĺƣ˿̱ǺϢţ޷һ૵ö˹ˡ
һ˵꣬һȻ뵽ʲôһ֮ǰһ˵һⳡڲŵ


0416 ԡѪϣ
ԤϵЩ飬޷⣬Ըղɽ棬ѾðնˡԪľ
Ԫľǰеһʱɴȴּ߻ħͬʱŷɣʱһã֮˵Ҳ𽥲仯
Ϊ״ʶѱֹһ˺μУǴŻʱùһΣ죬һϾԶʤꡣ
ԸոɽʱΪȴһָδܵ
˿ǺģһǿϢȷΪѵεȾ硣
ֻâһһɫǺ֮зɽ˲Ϣ仯һµߡ
һѷ˫ü棬һԸʵȧǣ伸ϣ˲ֱӡ
ĵȺһԭǰ죬һ̶ĬĬͷ޸ҲһЩΪߣͬˡ
ʼţаڡ˽̡ţλҲͬʱŸ߹˹֣
ߵɷ򼸰ٸ棬ͷʢƣǵһΪĪ⣬һշʮ˳ơʮ
ߵɷĻͬʥּһ˸Υ棬һ¾ôˣȻų
˿Ⱥ󷽣а½뽭Ҳû뵽ֻռѣȴײȻҵǸˣΪɱʹߣħڣˡ˴˿ֻ̣еЩ̻̲
ûѪˣĿֱֱϣ䲻ȵص޳
Ρ
ĿֱŶԷ䵭㹫ΪԶ֮ϣֶһˣ˿̣Ȼû¶η壬꾭һ֮ûʲôܹеηˡ
ܺá
˫Ŀ΢˵ͷƺҲˣһŴ䲻ģѰ֮ˣ֮£ŵ÷ҡ
һһΣԭֻҪϵķɣ֮ڡҸıˣĻ꣬Ҳ¡
ŴһΧ˾һ㶣ѵֻҪɣ֮ΪڻҪ˵Ļꡭתһ룬ƺѾ˹Ƶ⣬ĬĬԡ
λܰȫ
Ŀֱ˵֮⣬ȻҪ˶ϣһٻܱȫ
ŴԺвһЩˣĪǵǡ
һЦ̬ǴݲȣħڣٸʲôʱʼҲ˵ӥȮˣ
һΧһ±ޱȵİ΢΢һһ̧ͷȻһȴͲµˣЩҪͷɣ֮ȥ˻ȡһ
ʲôҪģ޷Ǳǡɡ֡
ǵУ˶Ǳ˵أκȴȥħڣĻ򣬴˵Ҳ޷ټȥôΨһ·ֻгȥħڣ汻һħ֮Ϣ֣ǳȥΨһЩռѺۣЩռѺۣҲ˷ˡ
Ҫɣ֮ҲҪڣＸٸˣǱͷɣ֮ȥ˻ȡɣ˴Щӡǳȥ
뵽˴ɫԽԽ԰ˣ˵ĻôħڣЩˣǶϲܷŹˣЩΪִҪȥһƬɷʲô⣬򲻻ƵգȥЭ
һ̣ɽȣͬУ˵ĿϣˣѾԽԽˣܹδ֪ܹΣ֮ǰ졭ֻѾΣҲܻͷ
ȥ
ֻһ̧Ӱʱǰߣȥ·Ҳ·ڳ˶֣ŽӽΪȫˡ
˼ƣصӰɵһԣСʵ̫࣬ô졭
Ȼȥ㺦𣿡
ҡ
΢΢һ˵£ǼٵģڣٲܳΪֻۣҧҡҡͷ
á
һһһѺâĳܣҲһ³ʮѽӲӵķɽߡ
ߡ
һ䣬ֱȥ֪޷Щ̸ħڣҲûʲôɽΨɱһѪ·


0417 ԡѪ£
˼ҪӲʱһȥ裬ҲԥԪתһնâʱƿնȥһˣնѪ˳ȥ
ߣɱ
û˿ͬ飬ħڣЩˣ׼֮ΨǿӲʵܽЩס
һ㣬ڻһ˵֮󣬳һӣұնȥ¡һȥͬʮնҷ˳ȥ
󣬽ܹԶ˲е𺳣ʵ֮ǿʹģѵǴŽ
΢һ̧ĸһ·˹ȥĸȻΪ˲ǰߡ
˷Ȼԥһնƿնȥ䡱һұߵһ˳ȥͬʱԪתһʩչ˿ľУ˻δ壬ǺҲ˳ȥ
ʣһǰ߹ֲ֮£ƬƬѿ֮УѿϢ
ͣҲһ˲ת˫ǰһƣʱɽǰȥʹԭһɢΣ˻Ӧ㱻˳ȥ
һĻɷԶˣ˶źոĸĸ֣ڴǰȻ˲һ
аҲվԶţڻеֺ£ô뵽СӾȻɱʹǸˣ֮ǰ˵̫أѾˡ
߲ϣ
䣬һ£ʮӰȥʱӦô룬ôǣҲ뿪ɷˣһ뵽˴в˹ȥ
˰ʱ䣬ɫԽԽķ֣ɽȻһƬ˴ʱʹô׼񣬵һ̣Ҳе
ֻѪĵ棬гѿȱϵѪҲѱѪȾ죬·մɭѪһԱŵɫҰס
ô
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һ̣Ѿû˸ǰˣȥٶˣҲ޷ˣǰˣԶ֮ϣҲǹĪ⣬ԶԶġ

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һֻ̣ɫȻЩ԰ףȻԪľķɵˣ˶ʱڹķɣȴҲǼ£ᱻֹ
ôˡ
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ȥһŬڲŴ˿仯ȻССһ˿仯ӵùƵķۣ
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䣬һɲǣһ磬˲ϢǰǰЩɵһĪĹ֪Էǿ֮ĩкοɾ壿
ֻֿ磬ָһ㳯ȥһ½ƿָͬһƴȥ
顱һָײʱɽʯһƬ촷ۣһһѪӿ˳ȥ
ˣһ˲˹ȥסɫԽԽ԰ף΢΢һ
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ͻʹһɫӲ԰ˣⲢԪľķɣҲǸոձһָˣǡδ룡
δ롭
һɲǣǸӦʲôһȻʹֹһҪ̲סʹһ־ʹ
δ룬δ롭
Ȼ䣬ֻ۲Ѫ˿һԪǰ߳ȥǵǰߵ˼Ȼ˹һѸǰ

˫۷죬һնһѪ콣ʱХȥЩܵ˿ֲһٸ˵ˣѪһ
Сӡôᡣ
ҲһոԪݽˣֱһָˣڿȥôǿˣ
ֻһٴתԪһԺɨȥᣬԪ߶֮£޼᲻ݣʱһģ
Ҳ󾢷תһƴ䡱һ˵Ԫ빫Ʒײٴøɽʯѡ
Ͼǰ벽ԪľķɣʱԷһٴѪ˳ȥ
һ˲ȥסϾѶ
ˡ
Ѫӿ˫ԲǹɲõԤУԽԽǿˡ
ƼȻЩ죬թóȻȥʱԶʺһɫâĿһƣֻǵâڰлһӰһɫۣǸοꡣ
ôڳôˣһССҲܲס𣿡
Ǻ겢һԹƹģ˿̵ĻǴ˼ַ̡
Ҳգֻ޻ǽæȻ˿̲
꣬ͬշʮţ˳޻ͷ䲻繫ʢ䱾ʵȴ빫޼
ֻ׻Ͳ˵ˣȰС˵
ۼ˾Ҫʱһ˽ǰ벽ˣǵС
ȵȣ
һ죬ɫɷףŶ˵ұ˽ˣܷһ䣿Ǿ˷ɣ֮ȥˣҲܻɣǲܻŹħڣ˵ģһթҡ
ʲôˣ
޻ĿһòǵŮϣòŮӣ˼УѰ֮ˡ
е̸ƽһ˵ʲô˲ҪǣܳȥȥˣһᱻɱҺҲ׷ɱӦúǱ˴˲ɱ
Ժɽﲻ˶СѵԷɣ֮ȡɣ±ıһߴ򿪷ӡһȥ
Ҳ˵
ۼʿʼҡһ䣬Ѳټ˵ȥһһƱ㳯˴ȥ
ÿ
ǿһƿһӭȥ¡һײٴα˳ȥ

һѪӿ֧ȥһ˲ȥסɫǲ԰ѵˣҪ
ʱɽȺȻһʲôҪӵص׳һһ̽Ըеһɲ·һĲ
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޻͹Ҳ䱸ûãɽ𵴵ԽԽңţֻǰߵ͹֮ȻƬƬѿȻһɹɿֲĺͻȻЩѺ淭ӿ
ǡħ֮
һɲǣɫ䣬ħϢӿһҲ˲ˣ׷ȥ
˺󡭡죡˺󣡡
ʱ˿̣ħϢͻȻӿڳߣͨ˿˺ˮӿһȿֺתҲ˲ʲôɣ֮
ħڣ⼸꣬һ飬ħڣûʲôǱЩħϢµĶˣ˵ˣʮˣҲһ˲䱻Щµĺɡ


0418 Ʈɢ
ȵ£Ϸӿ˶ʧתӿȴǿ˻һ
ԨħڣҲЩħ֮סΪͲЩħ֮
˱˴˶һۣҲԥȥ޻͹Ƽ״Ҳһʲôһһ̾ȻǷӿħ֮һ³׷ȥ
һĻֱѺЩŵľѣ޻͹Ϊٸߣһħ֮ûҲҪ˲仯Ϊһ߰׹ǲɣ˵ҲҪ
վס
ۼħ֮ѷӿɫ󾪣һ죬һɫӡɳֱץȥܵ澢Ϯһƴ¡һһ𣬺һѪӿ
һȥۼǺַΧɾ룬ƫƫʱɽһʹöβȣЩɳȥ
޻ô˻ᣬһ±ƽһһɴֱ˾ȥǧһ֮ʣֻ˫ֲסӡ仨Ϊ
ϵһ˲䣬кȻƺ裬һɲǱ㽫С
ȥ
˫һһʱǺȥ޻׷ʱڻǲ˷ֺֻһ㣬ܹסˣȻʱȴֻŶԷʧǺС
ˣ
޻ʱŭɶһ˦žһһƴϡ
ܲסʹǧ򱶣ߣ
ۼǺӿ޻һץ˺ɽͷ
ֻɽͷӰζĺټⷭӿȺովӹһһ˵ڻδ
ΪħڣԽòȶʱħ֮ӵصӿʱڰҹͻȻϯһţһǣΪٸ֮ˣҲ޷ѣЩˣǧټƵҪȥ
ħڣ汻һħ֣֮ΨһϣֻЩѺ۵ķӡǲܹȥ
ǺӿȣԸеЩüСڽȥˣô죿
ȻѾʲôСӼȻܹƽ´ħ֮ħڣôһЩħ֮ԲŻ棬ǣǽȥ
ողһܴסˣȫﻵ˺£
޻أʢŭѣݺȥ
Ǻǡ
ɫ԰ףǻһѪǺӿȣȻһЦֻһ˵㼴ʹɱˣкá
㡭ˣ
޻ŭӿһ˦žһһϣָһסĺۺݺݵҪûУھɱ㡭

סԭɷ׵ӣǵͨ죬ȻЦɱҡҲûһ˳ȥħڣȥǺǺǡһڻȪ·ϣŽ
ˡ
޻ǱŭɶһƴϣһƴУʱһѪͬʱ
޻ˡ
ʱѪһۣüͷһ壬ɣ֮СϣҪ취ץŮӣ㼴ǽɱҲûá
ɱɱ˾ˣˣδ̫ϧ
޻һһƣŮӣС
˿Ĵ֮⣬һɲǣңҲ룬Ҫ˹Ȼ˹㱻޻ָһ㣬ס˹
ûôס
޻䣬Ȼץסϵ½һ˺͡һ㳶һƬ
ʧɫæסؿǰƬѩ׵ļ·Ⱥ￴ȥֻһȺ棬޲Ƕߣֵתͷ޻ɱҰɡ
޻ЦһǺӿСˣһʱ䣬һٲΪū
һԣ±߲˶˷Ǳ߻֮òŮӣ޲¶֮ɫ
ɫȴԽԽ԰ףԣһ֮ҲҪħڣΪūǱʮ˲Ҫĥ
һʱȥˣȻȴʼղ˳޻ʧȥһһ¶סĺص㣬ֲñˡ


0419 ɱ¾
¶˾֮ɫȴҲֻվһԵĹƿȥѵ³֣ǰɱҡ
÷ʼնüͷ޻ͬ޻ħ֮ˣȻԺҲ޵֮ˣ±ɱŮӣʹһҲ뿴޻
ɱ㡭
޻һЦ˵ȥʯͷϣ
˲ԥȡɽһʯͷ棬޻˹ȥĺǺӿСӣٲλ˶ɾҪˣ
Ȼһûһ˿޻ŭͷһشϣʱѪ
Сӣ
޻ֲһ˵꣬һشϣ˼ƣѪӿһϢͷҲ̧
±߲˶еЩľһˣ޻δ̫ϧˣʱҲ˵ʲô
ۼ޻ҪһȥƺȻһɨ˲һһ³նȥ
޻״ָһ顱һɢ˹ƴŭʲô
ƽһõĥһʹˣ
ˣСӳܣ
޻һۣȥСӣֻһˣٲͽʬӽ

ҡͷһ̾תһߣϥȥȥȴʱϺȻһֻƻ۹գʹԭͻްɽȣһ±øˡ
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Ϊӿħ֮һ̲˶Щ̻̲׷׶ȴʲô쳣
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һ緢ҫ۵Ĺâ˺˲񷣬ƬĴأŶ㣬Ѵ
¡ˡ
˽һħڣѾþδˣվȻʵա
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޻ҲȻЦƿȥָ㿴ûҲħڣʮ겻꣬պһ꣬ҿûһͣˣˢ±ߵħ֮ὥɢ

û˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ·˿ȥˣΧסɽܣֹѣ
ǣ
ΧǺܣأһֻҲɲȥ
˾һض棬κζ̾

עϳ嵭ħ֮˿棬ֻһڵϣħ֮ȻΧתȴʼղߣһĻ˿˸š
ԽԽȴҲԳϴһѪ֪ΪλôѪʹŵĸǻ۳һССѪ̶ȥЩ졣
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һըɽȾһ𣬵һɲǣֻȻ˫ֻۣ۾ǱѪ£
һ̣˫ɱ¾޾ɱ¾ǸոնɱˣҪɱ
·ֻصţٴξһ£·ص˹Ŵ壬ѪɺӵһĻ弸ٿˡһȫ۳Ѫ˫˳
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ԽԽˣ֪ΪΣһ̺ȻֲõԤС
ħΪħ
˫Ѫ죬ͳÿ£˿Ҫħһܵħ֮Ҳ£ȥ
ʱԶԪɽ֪ΪΣҲͻȻƴշ崣ƶˣԭ徻ʥأһ̿ȥȻЩ˵Ĺ졣
ϣһĹºڵУһɲǣǸӦʲôȻ˫ۣһۣ׵ϣԼԼһϺ֮ߣ

˫üһָһ󼲼£һ˿Ϻ֮ѹ˻ȥ

ħڣԽԽɽѽ˺ˮȻڵϣ־ָѣȫԪһ̽Щħ֮ɢˡ
һؾ򾳡ؾؾɱ¾
һ˲䣬ֻøˣڶ֮۵ʯߣżȻò⾳˺Ϊ
ħ׽ʮ׷ɱ֮ڶؾնɱӡ񾪡Ѫˡ
ڣ˲𾳵ĵأԭɱ¾֮
ʱ棬潥ȥĺ֪ΪΣȻĪѹָУ˵Ǿʲô
޻һۣЦħ֮ʼɢˣһգͻ᳹ɢСӲزסˣػ
˫üһһҹͣˣ棬ҲѾ࣬ʱ򣬼ѿɢ
׼Ȼһ̽ס
Ⱥﴫһ֪ΪΣһֲõԤУ𣬾һֱʲôѹš
ֻ棬ԽԽˣˣҲбƽȥ


0420 ͻ
ħϢѾɢԵСģҵġ
ϷɽͷѪ¡аʥ˶ŵ棬ϾټȫΪײ
ʱаӡ½뽭ҲϢһֱ档
ħ֮ѾԽԽҲԽԽ˶ԼıзŵؿǺֵĹȿڣ˳ɱǸֲ
޻Цһߵǰֶסĺݺݵħ֮ѾɢˣƴػΡ
Ǻǡ
ɫ԰ףˣ˿˿ȻһЦǶ
ʲô
̫С޻ûһЩصո˵ʲô
˵
̧ͷϺȻ¶˹Цݣ޻˫ۣôǡͻ
˵ʲô
֪ιʣ޻ʱţеһëȻҪŭȻһ𵴣ʹɽͷҡ
ô¡
Ϸ˽һֻһӰЩͼȥˣԲ֪ΪΣһȥȴûκˣҲδܵκιȥˣ
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Ⱥʧɫԭ£ˣһ̣糱ˮһ㣬ȥ
ˡǵѾǵˡ
Ȼɫ԰׵Ц޻΢΢һһɲǣܵһĪѹﻺֵӰһæס
ȵȡ
±߾һҹʱҲѸվ滺ֵӰֻ۾¶һ־ɫ
ܡס
ɽ棬˳ȥȻһȥδǱһסˣһֻ̣Щ˫Բͫ׽Ŵ󣬷·һ˲䱻ȴһ˿˿ڡ
۳ȥˣһŵľѣæԶȥҲǰ

޻һǽţ˾ܹݱһδ˿ֲ
Ȼ䣬һһɲǣ˪񣬵ʱһ뵽ЮȻǰӰȴͻȻǰߣһϣ˫Բ
㡭
޻һѹǰ˵ϢϢѾȫһδй˳صѹ
һ˲䣬֣˲סĺ

޻ɫһף˿ã˫͸˿־֮ɫһ̣ȴ޵׵Ԩһ

ֻһֵ޻ʱ˫ԲϵȻܿ죬ֻͫ׷Ŵ˫ʧȥɫҲûκһ˿Ϣ
ͨһʬ嵹ȥȥһۣתȥն˾ʯϵ
һµֽסȡһٻιȥ
㡭
ղһĻȻ𺳣ʱԾһܹ̿õΪѾһոµľ磬ȴ֪ΪΣϣеһɱȴǰӺϢǱȴǰӱˡ
ʱһöʯл˳ûע⵽ȴע⵽ˣֽöʯ䵱С
Щô
Щϣʱڹƣ޶ãһ£˵ͷԾһֱУٱ䡣
ʱɽ棬Ŀɿڴ޻ΪΣǸոգֻһ֣һһʽûУθţ
һ̣˶ŵýԭأҲٶһˡ
ƴ˿վ˫ԲҲ̲סոҪ͵Ϯ޻ľһվԭضҲҶһˡ
ǰˣ˿̸ɵѹһɽأ͸ʱ˿̣Ժֻ뵽֣
𵴲ѣһĻߣ˿Ҷӣı£ûдܹӹ׷ɱĵزԷֻһǧ֮⽫ɱ
ϢһҴһЩ飬ˡ
˵ţûκθ飬ƽƽһ˵ţһ߽ȥ
ʱ˫ֻۣ㶵ĵ˵ͷЩ΢΢ѵҪɱ𡭡


0421 ʵ
¾޳ʱ˻Χɱ˽գת۾û˽ɫǵֻһ֮䡣
תȥ˫۾󣬹ƻһһɲǣԺе뷨ͨͨʧͨһȥֻ֣
һ̣ɽһĳţ˵Ҳ˸Ŵʱ˿һĻʮƣվһ˹ġ
ܹţ·ǵҲ˹Ƶ
Ѫ¡аʥҲվԭزٶһˣ˿ǵѾԼһ£аӣ½뽭ˣ̲ס
ŹǰĹƣһ֮Ҳǰ¹ɷˣ޻ȥɡ
һ˵꣬˲Ϣ˫һֻһƺߣͫʧȥɫͨһ˵ϣҲûһ˿Ϣ
һأ˸ŵվԭأҲҶһ£վ±ߣĿһȺɨӶȥѪϣʹһ
˼˿̿Լ̲סһ̣ʶʲô˿ԥһ˲ȫɽͷϣϥȥֵǰԸҵȡǡ
˵ʱĲѣҲú͹һ³˵ͷҲҳһڣ˵ʲô֮Ļ
ڻ˵֮Ѫָһüһ㣬̳һƻԪһö㵱Уȥ
Ա߷а״Ҳԥ̳һƻԪԷȥʣ²ʥãֻɫҰףһҧҲһƻԪ
Ԫ֣֣ͬ˴˿Ԫϣܹһħڣ˲пᣬΪУһսܣҪôڶԷ֣֮ҪôԪΪԷ֮ū
˿һۣδȥӻԪֻ뿪
΢΢һԭǴԷɣ֮˽˴Ѻ۷ӡȻǲܵˡ
һ̧ͷЩ̻̲ĿʥСʮɷȥ򣬴ӻҲܹҵڣȻǿͻħڣѺ۳ȥ
˵˴ͣѪ¼֮ǰûȥ򣬿ǡǸܽȥ棬ˣȥ켶һ
ȻʹһʮֲõԤУ·δˣѾõɣ֮ˣ뾡ȥȴħڣΣҲҪ취ȥ
򡭡
Ȼһ֮ǰԽջʱһаɷ˵ǼΨһһħڣӳˣʱ˶սʱܹоó˴ǰȻлߵΪ
ѵѾ˻ΪֻǿͻƻѺ𣿶аɷ˽ųɵΪ
ħڣеýûóǧ˵˵ѡ
뵽˴ü⾳ĵأҲֻϵʦԶ
Ѫ˼˿˼Ҳٶԣһſ˵
ǡ
СվȻŷԪ㣬ͷȥ
ӽ˱Ǵ˵֮ȥһڣҪȥǰʮˣ˱õɱ
䣬һ仰ת˻ȥ
ѪһĿ¶ɫؿһǻ̻̣һ𾪣û뵽ֻһ仰Լ˾ͳƬɷ򼸰ٸŵ죬ȻҪǿ򡭡
ǣ
˲ԥּҪԼĻԪʱĴʯŷ·£æ
ȡǵĻԪһ־ʵ壬֮ȡԪвȣЧ±ؽڳ֮ˣҲûĸΥ
ҲǸһʦħڣ֮أʵһС
˿ԼŬҪߵһطˡ
һ̻عʥǰһ˽˴ԶǰƼݽڣҽʥҩκλϵˡ
󣬲˽̡
Щô
ձ޻˵̫أֻϣȻЩɫ԰ס
һҩ⼸ˣϰõҽܹʹƻָҪǣԽκ谭
ллл㡣
û뵽һˣͷ·ǿɴĺ£ȻԼҩ
ղҲǹ¼ҩ˹ˣкοл
ҩݸ룬СһôǾͳƽˣӴ㲻ǷʲôҲǷʲôˡ
û˵ãŴӹ룬ҪתȥȻֽסˣ㡭ȵȡ
ǻвʣͣ˽Ų
ǡ
ҡҡͷʡҪȵǸˣ˭
һĻĿѪսˣҲɣ֮ԵʱҲǸ˵֣Ǹδ룬һҪ˰ɣ
վſڣһû˵ȥˡ
ճԺӣӭһˣǲʥãɫҴҵӣͣʵΣ
ʥõ˵ͷǰѾò࣬ǰʮˣԸá
⼸գֻɱ޻ƶ˵飬Ѵħڣٳ׶ݣҲһɷǣ˱ܶûиҼġ
ֻǡ
˴ʥ¶Ϊ֮ɫֹģüʵΣ
ʥ̧ͷ˿˵ڵɷͻ򽻽֮һ׹ǳǣħڣ䣬Ҫȥֻо׹ǳǣ˳ǲ֪޽һ󣬶ǰһСǡռ˴˵أΪͻƣȥ˻򣬱㽫׹ǳǽΨһӡ硯
˵˴üʵ˲Ͽ·
ʥ¶Ϊ֮ɫСҲǡֻǣֻҪʮƷħԪʯſϿǹȥ
һ£ܹóħԪʯ
⡭
ʥΪ֮ɫˣͷħԪʯңοҪƷеģֻܴճöʮĻҪʮʱ䡭
Խ˵ԽСȻʮʱ䣬̫ʵȻ̧ͷæǰģаһ£ᾡǰȥ׹ǳǽ桭

΢һͷٶԣԶȥˣһ±Сͤӭȡһһöʯʮֲл񵽵Ķ


0422 
쪣δħڣ棬ȴѱ溮Ҫ䡣
СͤȻ壬Ҫ䡣ʦһ˰ɡ
̼ǵʮǰĽգʱǸСС꣬壬ʲôҲҹֶ˯ž
ʲô֡㣬β𻰣
ҪɱɱˣˣҸոײ㣬ҲҪɱңûһˣ
һյϣһĻĻһ㣬ùԱߵľ̳һУȴֿࡣ
һ̳һ̳·Ҫ嵭Щ䣬ȻԽˣЩȴԽ̡
㣬ΪʲôҪǵֿȥأ㲻±ʦǿ𣿡
룬ԺҵɽˣҲҪ˽ʦ֮顣

飡
һ죬ؽľ̳ҵ÷飬˫۽Ѫ˿ǧѣ֮йأȻɽ磬ΪһҲҪʲôˣ
ǡҡ
ֻ֪ʱվͤ⣬ﻹһô£Щµؿով棬ҽȥţֱˤ̳ϺȻűһ
ҹ䣬δã
ҡ
ֲ֪˵ʲôһȴôˣֻǲ֪ʲôողŻôص
Ҽҹδ֪ڴ˴ͼѹ
һС˵ţһ߻˹ȥὫϣԷĬãʵհ죬˽ǲ˵ʲô
⼸գ㾲˱ǣĲùܡ
һЩһ˵ţһʱ·ȥˣں濴˿ҲĬĬȥ

ȥʮգʱ˹ټЩϡҩģϵ˻Ѿָò࣬ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲǲʥˡ
չţʥ㷲վſڣʵΣ
ʥõͷҧ촽ԥãŵոյϢʮǰȥ׹ǳǵһʮˣȫɱˡ
飡
洫һ죬ֻıӣһ»ڵأˤ÷飬һ£æȥʰϵĲƬ
ǰڣô죿
ʥ㷲ؿ´һȥӲ׹ǳǣǴǴϹʱģкηֱ𣬺ο˱ΪҲͣڹƺ޻֮ϵġ
û£Ȼȥ㡣
˵ţʥÿһ£æ˵ͷȥˡ
ʥԶ֮ߵСʵҪȥ׹ǳǣǽ翪ս𣿡
Ҳ֪ʱʼ˹İӵˣ׹ǳڲգ޻ˣ߶Ӳ󣬵ǹƥȥδ̫ա
תһۣ˵޷˹ˣҩдֽϣ㰴ҩɡ˵꣬ȥˡ
ԶȥӰ˫üֻصҩһҩĵ֣ȻȴʼĲɡ

ȥһ֮أȡ˽㣬ֻԾɲϸСѺۡ
Ϲ޴󣬿ϧ˲٣ٷԭֽΣʹý𻵸أʹһΣҪˣ޷޸
ɱﵣ򲻵ѣٶãȥư׹ǳǵ󣬶ʱ䣬ǴӵĻǡ
ٺٺ١СӣƾҲϷԪ񣬿ЦЦ
ʱӹɭɭЦûᣬֱһɽȥ
ɽ棬ڷס뵱ӴڽʱĻѰ֮֮ط򣬹ʶһʩʼ㲻жϣ޾԰գҪ׶ô
Сӣ಻ʯ٣ϷԪ֮ڣҪνϷ
ֲʼնᣬȥɽߣϥٽһ˲ʩչ˳ɽʱɰʯҷɡ

ӵĻܵһһϷСӣɹˣһʧܣҲɢ
̶Ƭ̣ˮ۽գ˫ֲϽӡȻȴҲ֮ƴʩչӵĻǡ
ʱΪˣʩչ㲻ϾԵ¯࣬δֱĨȥӵʶʶ˽ҪٴգӻĨȥһʶʧܵĻ㲻ɢҲضΪԪ


0423 ׹ǳ
ʱȥһһҹɽȻ粻ֹӵĻǲϷ֮ʼղΪһ㽫ʶĨȥ
ϷԪ֮У뽫ԼԪҲɣ
ӷһĲЦȻԪ棬ʱ˿̣ɫ԰ʧܵĻпĽȻʮֿµġ
һ˲䣬Ѿʲôָһüһ㣬סԼȫѨȻ߻ħ
Сӣ㵱治»ɢѵҪͬھ
ҲƺʲôʼЩ
Ȼ˫ּӡʩչͬʱҲĻ˳ֻϺɫĻ棬һ¾ͽȫסˡ

ӵʱһҽУһɲǣܵĻķԶҪʹ򱶡
Сӡͣ£ͣ£
ѳܲסĻķҪʹģֻһˣʱ˿̣ԪҲڳĻķգΪӶԪΨĻգܽ
СӣҲɢҲɢ
Ҳû뵽ʯٵķԼһʱ֮ϣֱͷƤ顣
ȻʼնᣬǳĻԪ֮࣬ҲҪӵĻ
ڣһʱ֮ӵʶʮǷвʱϨ֪ӲˣȻٺٲЦСӣ׻룬㲻úţϷ˸Ҫʹ࣬
ԽԽСڽʧӵʶѳҲܸҲֻأͬϴûйһ
۾ͫĻӰһţ˿㽫ӵʶĨɷˣҪָһ¡
ֱʱŴɽҹĻᴹ̧ƿ˿üһȣӣ
ȻҹĻµİУӵӰӦǰһģһϢҲֺΨһͬǣʱտնκ˼룬ͬһֻܣΨ
ӿ˿Ȼǿ󣬾ֻ壬ҲǰΪͨΪһ߾Ͷһܹɳ֡
ȥ
һӵӰʧããҹɫ֮£ֿ̧ģֶһǿĵƣŵƣ򲻵ѣ¶֪
Ѻϵɹôǻˡ
̧ͷԶֵĹɽ壬֮£װݣ֮ҳ֡жǿǱҲãԪֻҲá
ĳ֮գڡ

صԺֻľмһЩС˶ͣԺſڣʵʲô

æصС˶ҡҡͷû˴ˣʵ˽û𣿡
ҹң

˵ͷƺǹڰ׹ǳһ£ת㣬һж׼ˡ
á
ٶʣڶգȥҵʥúѪˣ֪Ҫǿ׹ǳǣѾټˣȻװ
ɽͷܶҲԥȥ׹ǳǣʮգ£²˳٣ԽԽá
£ɲʥ˴죬ˣ׹ǳͦħڣƬɷȻ󲨣ܿǴ÷з׹ǳǱߣȻҲ֪
ʱ׹ǳǱȻûκζҲδųκһ仰Ȼ֪Խƽˮ£Խǲ޵С
֮ûκζȻûн˷Ҳ˵׹ǳϹʱ󣬹ǳפߣаʮˣҪ׹ǳǣÿͿģξ֮У
ھʱ׹ǳǽǰǰҲԽԽˣһʥúѪµﶼЩ㷲֪ͨ󣬿ҪԵǰ׹ǳаʮϻһ常ˣ˼ģϹﲻֻԴ˵ûû
һ쪣ɱ֮⣬ȴɫƽصһľ˶Щգһ·Щľ˶ϸ֮£ľ˶̵ȴģзģ
ҹʱ֣Ȼһ紵˽ֻӰ˽ǰʥɳȥ̽ӣʱ˻ʥʵΣж
ؽʦǱ븽̽죬δκ֮Ψ֮ǰʮˣ׼ڳǽϡ
֮󣬲ʥýָж˵ùȥһ㶯ҲûУֱ̫죬¾½ڰǹȥ֮ʱػᱻһ򾡡
üһʥߵǰʵ׹ǳǱߵ˵ˣ֮ƽ޲˻֣ʾ¡
ʱǰȺأ̧ͷ˿Խŵʵǲʲô鷳ˣ
ԶҹĻֵɽҡҡͷתͷ˺𣿡

˫ü΢˵ͷ

峿˼̣Ѿ׹ǳԽԽǰǹɺҲԽԽأʱһҰһ¾ˣֻǰȺɽ࣬ԽǰԽƹһ˶پëȻ
ɽ´ֻͣǰϲݿݣ޽ԲӰɽ쪣ޡ
ʥǰɽ˵ǹսʮ˱ڴˣ׹ǱأԹ겻ɢСһЩɽ룬ܿ׹ǳˡ

΢΢ͷٶԣ㼴ɽ
ɽԽԽأصİ׹ǣ֪ΪΣȻֵĸоϸʱ֮ʱԪŵָ飬ȫˡ
ʱڴԽƬɽ룬ֵƻ轫ʱĺɫ֮УѾԼԼǰ׹ǳǡ
߽һЩֻǽԼɣ澹ȻǶͷǣħһȥͷƤ顣
ͣ¡
ʥһ죬˶ͣפԭأ첽ǰһǳǽϸ߸ŵһʮ˿ͷСҿթ費Ҫ˹ȥ̽졭
롣
Ȼʶ˵Ӳʶڴ˴ȷʵûһˣҲûʲô塣
½ǰݳǣʳУǷˡ
ǰһ˫ָһڻȥûú󣬳Ҳһ䵭ʮħԪʯûеĻ͹


0424 ٳ
ûеĻ͹
ڴȻǽ磬ƬɽʱѾˣȴδڳκνƣȻǸδһ˷
˿Ⱥѻȸ˶ϢҲ뿪Ƭɷ򣬵ǰϾǰ׹ǳǣ˵ܴģأǾٺò
һǳκʥòüҪʮħԪʯҲõóʵǰô죿

紵ĳǽ˵
ʥȴ֪ô񷨣ȥպÿаˣ˵ȥ
аһֻñһ̾һ飬Ҳֻùаȥˣ
һ˵ţһֻҡڵǰȥȻһӣмֻ
Լ߳ٲֻͣڻǲ̫˫һ壬أǽС쿪ųӭүүүүаҽȥ
νġ񡱣ֻеһ亹Ӷͷð
һǳȻûаЩͷˣָǳ磡ڹӣԴҳүүһսٲǸٰĹӡ
˴ֵֻͷ˼ϸ룬СףﲻԣǹӣҹаͳڹޣղŵĲ㡭
ۣ
аǻģں̲סһЦ˽ž֮£棬ֻЦóˣԱһԼʱͷЦݡ
磬ӵ׳ˣùаˡ
а˰죬ֻڸǽ粻Ӿɵӣ˰ʮ˴˶ûӦ֡
ʱȻһնһҿаӦʱһˣһһնڵϣʱʯҽ汻նһ׵Ѻ
˭˭˭͵Ϯүү
аϾһ亹̧ͷǰ׹ǳȥֻǽͷȻվ˵Ӱһ꣬˫ǰЦЦˣɫ
а벻ԣô꣬ĪǽĶӲɣȵأǰСӣ͵Ϯ̫үү
˭ҵĹûǣסǰ󳳴֡б˹аһۣЦŵ
аʱŭҪҲһսߣ뵽ӸղһСΪӦԼ֮ϣаҪԴ˰ˣĿڵǸܵܣҲһʶ
˿ϵıˣаʶ˻ȥǽǰЦһĿȥʲô޳ˣǻ׹ǳǲСĵطģȥɣ
ƺΪСԱü˵ǿԴ󣬰׹ǳȻһϹŴ󣬿ȴ֪ħڣ棬ǧûǿ֣߳Ĳ˵˵һǸʦ±ǽ󲻵ǿڣʲԷ⣬ֻ
뵽˴ǰһõιСأ
Цλ˽㣬һͼŴҼĪȲҪˣҲҲãұǣǽźˣͻͨʮħԪʯ
㡭
ʱüһ˵ʲôֽһǳͷϣҪǼ

ͷһЦΪʲô˵ͼô
δ˵꣬Ȼԭʧˣһ˲䣬ѳڳͷվԣںδ
ֻеһϣֹܳȻ˫ȭϣȴֻһӰվҪȡֱ練ơ
Ҳ˷ʱ䣬䵭
Ա񣬹а±ߴʹ죬СëӸղſ֪ǴЩ˰ɣ
Ǻǡ
ȴţһЦҪԣģ͸˵գ˫һţڷȥ
ۼҪȥʱһȵȣȥҪ󡭡
֪ܲҪʲôƳ׹ǳǵͱ봩ȻˣǾͲȥ󾿾жзִ磬֪ˡ
׷һЦĵ֪ߵغҰСӣҲƷվŮģһܸˡ


0425 
˼׷˽ȥʥúѪµ˳ͷӡһҲһɵǳͷ棬˲ҷϳͷڿնڰп
Ǻǣٿһ㣡
һЦȻӰʧ˰УУһɿֲ֮ʱֻ֣˷һ׹ǷγһǴ
⡭
Զ˽һǰ׹ǳǵǴѵ˼ɡлħϢԶħĹͷڰɣ
˿İ׹ǣ޲¶˾֮ɫͲʥõվڳͷϣҲŵ棬ͬСɣвͻᱻɣΪļƷ
СӣϢ˶һǾȳΪļƷɡ
ȻԶһ¥ϣǴɭɭһЦ˵֮Ա߲֪ʱֳһĶ˵ĺŮӣǱߣҲŹļƷЩ˽ȴԸȤ
ЦֻҪˣ׹ǳǣǧǣ常궼δ뵽ɡ

ɷɷɷ
һȻһŨŨɷһԾȴ׹ɶ
һü죬Ҫ㿪ܣֻ˫Ԫһƻӳһ󡰿죬Щ׹Ǳ˳ȥȻȴ˿δ𻵣ִܿһɷɷ
ɷɷɷ
һεɷˣһЩɷʴΪؽֻЩ׹棬ȻɢĹ⣬һˮһϮԶڳˣͷƤ顣
Щǡ飡
˽һȻǴ˼ɵģЩ˳ԣʱǵȥ
һ߶ܹɣһ߻ҪЩ׹ǹԼɷʴͬʱҪҳڣƳ
һʱȥˣֻ׹ǳϷȻƴƷӿݣй֮д£ֱ
еĹҲԽԽˣһƬԽԽ࣬ˮһӿϷͷƤĹ
СӡȤȻô鹥£Źһʱ䡣
Զ¥棬국һЦԱߵŮӣȴ룬ΪεڻδѣĪСӲϹζڣ
ɷɷɷ
Ĺ飬ԽԽܼһֱҡͷСȥᱻɣŲסˣ
ʥúѪ¡аҲ̷Ӧ˹ǵ޳޳һǱȻӲ˵ϣʮȥ
ʮ˲̫󣬵˸ʱ̺ʩ忪һѺۣʥü
Ҳԥɲһչ˲仯һӰ˳ȥǴĿǰȷʵƲ

صͷϣ˫üɫǵ
ҡҡͷʧ׹ǣĿǰ޷ƿ󣬵ոȴзһ˿Ź֡
׹·ÿһͷһţʶʮƣʵţֻദ
ദٶͷÿһΪһţͷϢʮֲѰµûӦһǣһλĹͷ

ʱǸ¥ϵİַ˳Цô֪Ѷô
û˵ʱĺɫĺϣɫ׹ǳǣ͸һɸӹϢˡ
ǰô죿
ʥ˫ü壬ԶԶֹղ򵥣ոѾ޷ƿˣת˼£ǽοֲ׹ǳǣǹȥˡ
ߡ
ԥڲټڴ˴һطӪȻϸԲߣո²ôһҳԲ
ҹ
Ѿ˳ԶѰһɽʱӪҫ֮£ֻ˫ü壬һҲ˼ʲô
ڲԶδʱרעӣʶʱҲȥ
ŵҹʱ֣ʼˣʥǰСʵǰѾöԲ𣿡
վԶʮ߿һۣʵǽտǷ֮
֮
ʮҷɵĹ飬ûзʲô֮ʥüǰָʲô
ǻġ
ģ
˸˵зһʮͷһʮͷӦһλĺǡ
ǡ
һһֲûܹƿԭϹʱڣһλĺǡ
ȵȡ
ʥǷʲôԣǰ˵ǻġ仰ʲô˼
һ̣˶𽥱˵ֻлﲻϷžϸ΢졣
תȥУҸӦǹϢĳ˵Ҳ񡭡δ


0426 Ѫ
δ
һ£ȫסˣδҲ̫췽ҹ̷ˣ˭ţ
֪ǲţУȷʵӦǹһʶд档
ȻҲǻţֻǴϣʶ඼곤𣬷һλڣ˼䣬δֲ̫ˡ
һʮǡ
ʥֻеһЩͷƤ飬޳˵󾿾ʲôѵһλǰԼԼĹͷ˴󣿻ǧˡδ̫˼
ȵȡ
ʱӺֻ΢΢¶ɫδγһǴˡѵ븴Ȼȴ˳Ե׶顣
˵λʶѾȫûʶֻδδɢѣȴǻţܵڶδôλһʮǿ󣬵ڣȴǳ˽ʶܡ
⡭
֮ڳ֮޲¶֮ɫֲֲʼܹư׹ǳǣô˵ԻΪ룬λѾʧȥԭʶĹ񡭡
ֻҪʹԭʶһ㣬ô󣬾Ͳˡ
תȥô
û
ƽĿǰʵҪһλĴŽ㡢Щܡ
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ʹʶʣһ˿˿δ𣬿ҪָһʶδҲ̫췽ҹ̷ˣȲ˵λָָʶһϹаǿɾ͵ùˡ
ȫ˶ԥ˵ҪΨԭʶѣλģ¡Ҳͬǹ

ȺһȻȥһǰĹ˵
𽥱ýӲȺ￴һۣȻȻص

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Ҳǰ
ʱʥҲվ˳ȺɨһۣüĪˣǰħ֮ƾһ㣬֤Ѱ֮ˡ
ôһ˵˲ŻȻǰʲô˲ſԲħ֮ЩϹʱħϢǶԣģˡΪһҲЩħ֮
˲ֻǺȻ֮ǰ½ʱϾ꣬һߺȻħӰЩħħӰӣȻȫΧߣҴһɿµħϢӰ
ʱʱЩµجΣƺһ߾ͲֵֹĶţȴַ·ʵһ
Դ˿̣ȷܷɹָһ˿ʶţֻҪָһʶܹĳֽںϣħӰһ
˷գҲΨһƿǴķ
ʥתʵǰСָһ˿ʶİ취
Ѫ
ˣֵ˳󣬽һãȻΪѪ
νѪڹʱһЩٻ飬ѪΪÿ˸󣬽Ѫ뷨֮У׼ʩɹٻ顣
˿̣ҪġѪôӣֻҪˣÿ˷һƾѪɣʱУʶ͸һʮǵУпܻй
Ҫλÿ˷һƾѪʱ֮һ뽫Ѫмɡ
⡭
һҪÿ˵ľѪȥǹЩԥһ̧ͷԥص㡭ȷ˷С
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ʥö˵ָһϸһ˿ڣֿóһö㣬һƾѪ㵱С
Ѫºͷа˼״Ҳȡһö㣬ԼһƾѪȥû˵ĻԪһƾѪʲô
˴ͷҲ׷׵ͷԥȡ㣬ƣԼһƾѪȥ
ˣ֮˵ľѪЩѪͨ˵Ѫɱȣţʹǹָһ˿ʶж׼һоͿˡ


0427 ʶ
ҹԽԽһ亮½Ϸ嶥ɽ࣬һĵĺ⡣
˶񣬼ʹܹǴ󣬵׹ǳʮߣΪɲĽ磬ձؽһս
ȥˣ
ҡûУǵ֮£˯ŵߡ
һù棬ԱĿո뿪һ֪ȥڲŻ
ЩϢ㾫񡣡

˵ͷһ¡
ߵһ̱ԼԼܹһصɽ壬ʥúѪ˹֣СǰҪǰ׹ǳ𣿡

˹һҹʱѻָȺһۣ˵²˳٣̶
á
ȥٴν׹ǳǣȵʱֻǳͷվӰǸͺŮӡ
һε˫ǰмһЦô磬Щ˾ָˣջô죬Ͳߵˡ
˵꣬ЦһСӣгĿͷĪǽ컹ҪһΣ
˶˿̽뾫Ѫǲ¶Ȼø׹ǳһֲ
Ǻǡ
ԱߵŮҲЦЦˣֻǽգ󷨣ǲ̫ˡ˵꣬꿴һۣһǳеĸ¥ȥ
ٹ۳УҲۼ˲ˣȻЩ˽ڽ磬Ϊɵ͵߲ȡ
ͺŮӷɵ¥棬һ˹˹ֻ֣ϣǸӣ䣬˫ü棬һͷ׷伸
ǰ׹ǳǵ硣
Ϻ֪
Ŀ䣬Ҳ纮һ˸еֲԱߺŮЦһȺСѣ⣬ձ㽫ȫǸŮģԺ¾ȥ

ߣѷɵͷϣ뽣Ŀӣ˴˿̵һƿ׵Ԩһɱıȡ
䵭صƲǾͷߡ
ȴûжԣ˫һţǳзȥһɽȥ׹Ǳǵ
һΣɷأʱ÷Բʮƴʹԭİ׹ǳǣһ±øӻ찵ˡ
ɷɷɷ
йٴγ֣ǵسɶͬһ޷ɱЩ飬ҲԵɷֻýɲʩչ£ⱻЩʴ
ȥһʱ䣬ۼЩԽԽܼǽŵҳһڣ׹ǳЩȴЦҪǴ󣬼ֱտγȥ
ģաŲ˶ˡ
¥棬ŮЦ˵Ȼ䣬ûصֻ뿴Ƿɴ˶ѡ
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йԽԽǿɷҲԽԽأۼǹѿ콫ɣ˽ס˺۾գһ¡
ȴ֪˿Уѽǹһʮͷȫ˳ʶӡǡ
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յ֮˸ԥͬʱȥٽҹ׼õľѪ˳
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ŲʥúѪһ£ͬʱͶȥٽһƾѪʱƼǴ
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һĻѰ׹ǳ߶סˣЩʲôˣѪͶУĪҪ
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á
ɫһ䣬ȻȥȻվһƾѪ֮һ˲佫˶һʮ棬һɲǣһͬ׹ǳǣ͵
棬ǲһɼֲɷȫ棬һ̣ûκܹ
˻ȥ
ʥ΢΢һȥɷ̫أǿرɷ֣ҲͣԶȻʧأ˵常ˣҲҿ
һֻ̣׹ǳϷƷӿ˵Ŀ£˶ԶԶȥ
һĿҪţ˫һգҲգضֻİ׹ԽԽ洫ҪһʱǻҲδػӵóˣʵ
УۼΧİ׹ԽԽĹҲӿ˹һӲΨһ˿ʶѹ
һ˲䣬ʶǧ˿ƣһɲǾ׼ǹĶһʮͷС
һɲǣ·ʶںһ𣬹
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ֻһȴʧȥҪһ֣ͬû࣬ûȻ޹⡣
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һ̣һãǰһƬ棬·Ӧ󡭡
ʧܡʧˡʧ𡭡桭ʧ뿪
ʱԺȻһ϶һ˲䣬˹ǹһ˿ʶڻָˡ
ǣǰĹŴԣΪʲôΪʲôԼ˿̾Ȼܹǰԣ


0428 ս
ʧʧ뿪
㯣ֻ仰ڶ˵Ϊдһ˿ʶһ˿ʶԾͣĳһ졣
ʧ棿
ɫأŹĻ仰ʲô˼ʲôģ˵ģָʲô桭ʲô
ʱǴȻҵֻ飬ԭڸոѾֹͣˣȴ糱ˮһӿ˹
ʱ棬˶˫ĿԲһգҲգؿǿֲ󷨣󷨵ɷѾ֮ǰˣҲ˻˸¥ϡ
ˡ
°ո˵ľѪУȻĹͣһѪãЩȻøѪˡ
Сӣᱻɵͷʣ¡
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˵֮ʱѾɻ¥У䵭صԸȥǸŮӣˡһ
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ŮһЦҪж֮ʱȴȻԶЩԣЦһסˣɫ㿴

ɫ䣬תȥֻĹȻХѣȴʼղȥδЩ֡
˿УЩɶ޿ɱܣȴһ˲ʶĲдʶˡ
֪ǰ½ǰһ˿ѵʶЩɢ
һֻֽ̣ӡָüǰΨһĻᣬĹȻϾɹĶһʮͷɣɷأȻҲᱻʶ塣
ȥһɲǣĹȷʵͣ󷨣ҲȻֹͣת˰С
ǰ
ٴδȻȴ޷Ӧһ˿ʶˣȥǹͻȻ˳˯һʹҲ˰գȲתҲɢ
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Щ޷ѹһ˿ʶʹתĻͳȥˣͬ档
㿴󣬺ֹͣת
¥֮ϣŮӽüڰ׹ǳô꣬ͷһؼȻֹͣתСӵʲô£ܹͣʱҲˡ
ȤСӣԼԼˡ˫ǰһЦ
˿ڳǱߣҲʼЩʥ˫üСô¡ôͣ
Ѫȴһ˲ضΣüһȥˣ׼Ӧս
һһѵҪ׹ǳǿս޳ֻˣȥԿ׹ǳǰʮߣ
׹ǳŮСȺѾʼˣڴ𣿡

䣬ϣһҲԱ߶дȥһ£ǵ˶ɵ˰УһƬ֮
⡭
ߣʥõ˶ȻһЩҪ޳Ȱɱˡ
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Ѫ˿ԥ߳һʱ֪Ѿû·ֻһսսս
սսʲôɱȥ
¾һʱ׷׷ɵ˰УһԪӤߣǺϵߣǼʮĸ֣гȥ
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䣬û˿飬ڻ˵֮ߵѾɱһ
ȻƬս֮ϣĸʤؼδ⾳ĺϵߣδϵԪӤߣģҲģһ֮ͨ£֪ҪԪӤߡ
Ƭ֮󣬰ѪսеɷߵˣҲа׹ǳǵˣѪȾ˴أҲȾһƬɭɭ׹ǡ
ȴ˲ս֮˵Ѫȫ͸ȥȻֻ
ɱ
˫ˣȻɱۣѪ׹ǳǣɷɷİ׹ǣһϢ
̫ˣô졭
ʥúͷаˣսˣǽȴŹǣʹ˳⣬ʮҲǻ׷ɱȥҪɱˣҲûߵĿܡ
¥֮ϣȻĿ䵭˫ս׹ǳǼ˵ԣأһҪɱˣɷ֪ǵɷ


0429 ɱ
ܿ죬Ѿսһˣܰ׹ǳҲϾ̫ˣܹһɱ󣬶ԷҲֻ˰ˣǣʱȴ˴
ô졭
ʥüȻʶ⣬һ˲ȫս֮ʱʱǾҲӲˣڣӵõ
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ѪϢˣӵù۾ֻ䣬صλ׷ɱȥ˵Ϊƽء
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˵ˣһܻҰ׹ǳǣϺڡ䣬Ȼǲɡ
ðɡ
Ůֻõ˵ͷֹͣת˿ʵǵģֳʲô⣬洳˳ûλڵĻ»ʲô⣬Ͼ˲򵥡
˿ִ̽ҪɱӳǵˣҲΥ棬ֻԱߵİ꿴ȥ£ȥŮģȥгϰɡ
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аһȻ˹Щ죺СӣȻţޣȥߣаڿû˵һûˡһ˵ţһֻһƴǰһϮĺϵߡ
ǣǰ֪ôгˡ
ż˵ţȻδ˵꣬бһâ˹顱һ˳ȥ
Сãԭѽ
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ôҪԶ𣿰Ūˣǻҵġ
Ůһ˵ţһƽˣһ죬һ㳯ȥʩչȻδչѱԷУŮȻΪӵù
ſң
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Ůӵ˵ͷļ򣬽˹ȥȥ
ǰЩֱ۾һؿòվߵǰص㲻ħڣˣ˵ʲôˡ
΢΢һȴͷһƫҪɱɱ
ɱ㡭Ҳɱ㡣
䵭˵꣬ת棬ҵģǵˡͿȫˣֻҪһ£ûһܻ
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˲ɣվȥֻޣͷɫϣ½뽭
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аܣ˲˴ϺȻãҪɱǣǽգ𣿺ٺ٣ٺ١
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0430 
аʲô
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Ȼаȴһһ˲ɵǸ¥ǰСĪ£ˣ
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ǰ
ɹɵһȻаδɹһ죬һɴ߳аֻеһ󾢷㿪ѱԷնס˺

аѶýΪʱͻȻ˿Խ磬޸֮һ۽ǽѪ
գڳҵˣ㡭
䣬Ҳûκθ飬аסãٺЦûүүľ㣬ڹˡ
ͣ
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ɫһףŹаǰ·Ժڳ⣬ԷֱĻһĻգˡ
а
½뽭׷˽סаʬʱ˫ĿѣڲͬɣϵȴһͬŸá
ۼа֣֮ҲӲˣ½뽭˫һ죬һһ³¥ȥƴش磬Ӵʧɫȥ
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̶̰㲻ʣµһˣȫһɱˣǵϿգȻһƬɢѪ죬ԩڵص׿ߡ

һƬʬǣᣬڻ˳ͨһȥ˫ֱͷϣ淢һĳХ
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ˮճյЦƺѾˡ
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0431 һ
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꿴һЦѣкδС֣֮ѪˣҲûʲôˡ

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ǿߣԶСĶ֣㲻ǡȻһ˵꣬ɿĳ׹ȥ


0432 ֮ʼ
һɲǣԶ˶סˣûӦʲô£ΨˣŽһ
ʹʮر｣ΪһʽһҲΪ˽ݺЩˣڱ｣һ

ֽסԲûеһֻǣȴδԪ
Ȼ䣬ֻ̧һնƴһȻվǲܵģһһưͷϣ͡һʱѪ۶ڱѪɽ
һĻǰ˶˸ĵѡ

Ůɫһ䣬ԲǶ϶常Ź㡭
ϣˡ
䵭һʱڰлΪһƬѪ
׹ǳǵȴ³֪常֪󣬻Ρ

ǰҲ״סˣԱߵĺŮӣһ̽Ŀ¶ɫؿԺֻ뵽֣
޻Ϊɱмʮߣһ̶վԭأҲٶһˡ
Ҹǰʱ䣬뿪򡭡˳ͬᡣ
Ȼ˻һʮʱѹ˿Ҫ׹ǳǳ׻ҷٲߣֻһ
̶Ƭ̼䣬ʮ߱糱ˮһ˰׹ǳǣȥĶã֮ԽԶԽãǰͺŮû뵽лᣬʱҲ룬ָӡ˲Ϣ㻯һһâǱ߷ȥˡ
֪Ҫȥʲô˿̣ȴδ׷ȥ˫һ㣬˸¥棬žɫδʵ𣿡
ҡ
ŻعովڹŹһһаǰӣոһ˱ɱʱֻ۾ˮҡҡͷû¡
ת˫ָ󣬿Ŵ˿ֻʬףһ˵Ŀճǣս֮£ˣǰħ֮֮սʹԪŵͿֻ̿Ҫ˽ûһ޹ġ
վں濴ˮģЩֻǾãаҲǻ͸ˣΪԴ˿ܡ
תȥ۽ǵۣ˵ոɱΪ˱𣬶Ҫ뿪Ҫȥˣȴҵ·
΢΢һӨӨ̲סһϧ֮⣬˵ոǼʮˣǲߣҲǰߣǲҪҲɱˡ
ǡ
ɴػش⣬תƽɢգĬ
Сĳһ죬ǰߣǲҲҪɱҡ
ǡ
һĻشؿ˿һ̣кȻһӵ˶˵ˡ
˿̲뿪ڵȰ׹ǳλϻλϸӦ׹ǳǳº󣬱ȻȥѪˡ
ȻԼĪһǿϢֻƲ㿪ʼӿĵ⡣
ĵ˲Ϣĸ뷢׵ߣɷǣһȻΪԲڽ֮¡
˿˿̳ڿһ˵ľʱ֪˺£һڤڤнжϿκαȴ߳˸¥ˣԲ
硭֡
һ߿ʵ
ǡ
˫Ȼ󣬲ûҪ˶ֵ˼ˣҲ֡
˰ˡ
һ߳һ̾ħڣ޵֮ˣ֮һн컯Թˡ
һֵڲУҲǽ֮򡣡˵ֻ꣬ĵ⣬Զʶȥˡ
ģбһĳţվڸ¥ϣããޱߵİ׹ǳǣǣҪҷԶʧΪ˳ǣ˵ɷӣǳҪߡ
ȥߡ
֪ҪʲôʱҲʣչ˺УҲ뿪˸¥ٴγµĶһʮǴȥ
ûãǱţֻǶһʮǣȻһγһĹǺ
⡭
ǰһĻЩţʲôˣѵܹ𡭡
ֻǹǺԼʮɸߣȫһ㵭Ĺ⻪һǻ˹һһ׹⣬䡣
߹ǺǴ󣬽֮һԾߣһЩš
ӣ
˵ղһĻԾѣôһĻ޷ˣȻȫ˳֪
ֻѾȥӣһ̾Ȼ˰УϢһģһΨ񣬿ȥǿտյġ
ô
ϲ˾֮ɫˣΪʲôֻӣǼٵġ
Ժٸ㡣
ûͣӿһۣ˳ǻΪҽ˵գһȥ
˫ѪһζȻŴһƶ±ߵİ׹ǳǴȥһƷƴŻ֮ʱɢ˷ԲʮƲ㣬óɽҲ¡¡
ȥһֻеһϣһֻ̣¡һ죬Բʮһ𣬶ʱ̳֣׹ǳǣһ֮»ҷ⼸ɽܵҲһ˲ˡ
⡭
ɫɷףû뵽һ˿ֲߵȫһ𣿿ҲӲɣ
ղʮ˻ڳУʱ˿̣ҲѾŰ׹ǳǻҷˡ
̳þòɢӷɻԣֻ۾ȻѪ⣬ȥֵʧˡ
߰ɡ
δعһ˵Ӱʧȥããɽ֮С


0433 
ɽȥֻʯᾣвޣΨһɳ
һЩħڣСޣȻЩѰСޣɽнĶ࣬һϹޣ׼֮ǣ˶һ·ߵСܿһЩյء
֮⣬ɽҲʮ쳣ʱܲʱϼɣʱ˿һЩµĿռѺۡ
ΪˣԼʹûа׹ǳǵɷȥҲһ
ҹ㴩ããɽ˻򣬾ܴ˴ħϢȵɷأԴҲȵɷ˲١
ȵɷԣȻʺҲֻΪԸߵ˲˴ѪЩˣڵɷһ֮˻򣬴ֻ˵¡
ħڣﱻΪֻĶ࣬ȥмǧǰ֮ҲϹޣħӰȵһĴԣҲ˵
ֻҪҵһܹͨĿռѺۣûбҪȥħڣ֮ء
ƻ轵ʱһֻ֣йľ죬߻谵Ÿ·˴ڴЪϢһҹߡ
ҹʱ֣һϸ߿գɣʹԭ֣һ±
Ϣȴ˯ţʱһȻ洵˽˸Ҫ˵ʲôȴȴ˸ƣꡭ
ոһɲǣƸӦһ˿صϢܶԷڲصüôһ˲䣬Ȼûӹʶ
ߡ
һ̣ϣƵɷ򣬲ʲôˣȻܹͷһҹҵôһѰ֮
ûӦȷӦʱѱȥˣ̼ʧӰ
ãոնڵһӰǺӰǴлûһ͸ż˵ɭɭ
ȤСӣȻҵϢ
ǺӰ黯ʵϸ֮£ȴһںɫµˣֻˣ߷ȴ˵֮黯ʧٳ֮ʱǰ֮⡣
ߣ
û뵽˵ٶȾȻ֮죬һ¾׷Ī⣬֮£ֻôٴչɲ˲Ϣݳʮľ롣
˴ҹֱʱڸܲһԼԼĹϢˡ
ˡû׷𣿡
긦ɫȻЩɷף˫üҡҡͷû׷ˡ
Ǹ𣿡
֪
üȻˣԷǵ֮ոǵϢɵѹ׷ɱǸӸأܶԷʲôĿģܵġ
Ǻһֻۣعͷɫصؿڣȥģ
ҵһܹͨѺۡߡ
ԥǰɽȥˣҪ뾡뿪ħڣǾͱҵһܹͨĿռѺۡ
죬ȷʵҵһЩռѺۣ켶һ⣬ЩѺ۽Ա˽ƣӡסˡ
еĳڣѾ˷ˡ
ǰ߲ԶӡסĿռѺۣҲüһ̣֪롣
ЩĿռѺۡ
Ȼ˵Ǵ㽫ħڣ׷󻼡
ħڣ
ŴԣϲɵһؿҪħڣҪǿԷħڣ
ǲܵ飬ȻǼλͨǰ֣ҲܷӡħڣǶ󣬿Ƕǡ
뵽˴ɵûһɫȻЩ֣ʵôˣ
ûû¡
Żعҡҡͷ
Ǵӷһ·ģʱ򣬸պЩʧ⣬һҹ
˵˴תͷҲµûʧ⣬Ϊ˷ӡħڣģ£ȴڸǹȥˡ
˵ˡⳡѡ
ɫɷףֱţ˵ڱʲô飬ұһҹǧƵɥѵȫΪ𡭡
£½ȴûһ֪࣬Ϊǵļƻɥǣȴڸࡣ
֮ǰ˵Ķ½֮Ҽô˱Ȼֹ䵽Ψһֹķǳ׷ħڣ
˵


0434 
ãع̧ͷһϳ˴δй֮ɫһǱ뾡ҵȥһ˽ˣʱǾҲܳȥˡ
ǡⷽԲѺ۶Ѿˡ
ܵɽ壬˵
ȥħڣ
ȻصԽֵѺۣļԽͣǿȥԿ
ħڣҲΣյĵط
ǰһƬֵɽ壬յ˵ͷյĵطµɽ𺣣Ҳòȥһˣһ泹׷ħڣʱҲزȥˡ
ҹ˾һĹϷҹĸ·ЩԪ֧ȥϢһ°ɡ

˵ͷ˱㼴˷Ĺ棬Ѱһµɽȷ˲׷ſʼϢúûָһ¾
ҹʱչüͷżҲûã侲úԲߡ
ֻȡСľ˶ľżˣȴǵģֻľżϣӡһһġ
ŵľżʵʲô
ķż
˹Сľż˵ݸ֮ǰֻ࣬ɹˣֻעԼıԪÿһľżܻһʵķԭǴõģû뵽ûóɡ
ӹľżˣԼģ̵Ҳ˲˼˵лл㡣
ҡҡͷ˾Ų˵ˣãһ½תͷ˵ʵҲһһ֡
֪
ּۣҲǸ˶Ů
΢΢һ㲻棬Ҿʲô𣿡
ÿ˶޷ѡĳȴֹҪѡ·˻оӣȾΪӣ۶
ۣһ
һ£Ц紺ţҹһϯʤʮ顣
һల£ڶ糿δ˱㼴ǰħڣһֱ󣬲ҵһռѺۣȴû뵽ǣ˴ĿռѺۣҲѾ˴ˡ
û뵽ߵѺۣҲˡ
˫üҲüӣ˴ԲҲҵõȥĵطˡ
Ҫȥк֮ѡ
˵֮ʣԶȻһɭɭĻֻһɹַֻգ֮䣬һɹַ磬һɫӰ˲Զ
ʲôˡ
һֻȫһɫĶ£Ϻƣʵһʮֲĸо
ǰǰͻȻֵغˣǰʼһֱ׷ţʡк£
Ȼһ¾ͱϳˣǰ˵ϢܵϢԭΪ˦ˣȴû뵽˾ȻϢ׷ԼȥģӲ׷
Сɱ˰׹ǳǵĽ磬֪ǲǵΨһӣСѻҲһΪ˻ҽĪǾͲģ𣿡
棬˹ɭɭֻ˸еЩ
ǰ˵Ϊȷˣ˲ǽ常ǣʵ֪ǰγƺ
ǶΪˣСȻҲ˽ҡ
µЩɭɭδɾ裬ʵ֪ǰк£
СѲ˾裬㡭޶⡣
һ˵ţһ߻ǰ߽ЩɭɭصСѴ˿̣Ҳ뿪ħڣ⸽Ѻۣѱ˴СѺֻкܹ뿪ħڣ
ȵȡ
һ½ס䱸֮˿δ˵˵Ҫκ
λȥһطȻ֪
һ߻˵ţһߵøˣһͲʲôˣĻܵ棿
£Ϊ߳Լ̫࣬ѽӽѾ˻ӣӲˡ
˼Ȼ䱸ţ˵Сѣˣ˿ҪߣҲ׷Һһ䣬˽常ǣûĿܣ»Ҫλ³Ϊң˺õһλδϧ
ã
ϣǵ溦ϲǣǰˣȻô˵Լתߣ˱ضɱȻǿԼĻ
һ̣Ȼ֮㣬ԼӣȻϵɹΣһĻߣ˿̾һ˿ضûС
ǣһ
ףԷҵԼֹһˣԼȴһˣһԼɶһöһĳ룬ȻˣǾ;Լ뱻֮


0435 
Сѡ˵޷˿ص
˶˵һǰҪ֤λİȫڶԪһĶǰҪһ֮á

˵֮󣬹̲סͷһЦ֮ɭɭĿ⣺Сѻƣһ
ֻҪǰӦôǲٶ˵ʲôǰӦǾˡ
Ŀ̬ȼҡ֪ʱǿӲֻᴦڶԷ򣬾ֹһˡ
ٺ٣ãá
ۺ룬ɭɭЦȳȥƶҪСΪͽ˵գȡɫ׭ȥƶƵΣʱֻ̣һףƽ¡
̽׭䣬԰˹֣лǰ
߰ɡ
Ҳٶԣһɨƾһַ磬һ˲ʧããɽ
ҹ䵽һĹʱ䣬һ˿ҲδɣȻǵõڕDȵʱЩޣȻΪ˸棬ӻɱ
ħڣЩˣ˹ѱ棬ҲЩʵ뵣ʲôֻҪһЩʵͣôվбĿܡ
ʱһ¹ɽ棬Ĺ֮£ԼֻӰ˳̽䱸оóΪܸߣ˲࣬žѻ
ŲӰҲԽԽһ۵İ׷꣬ȥһ֮ɫұˣǸѪߣüһѪӡһѪɫ룬ȻҲǺ͹һаޡ
λѣˡ
ĿϣʵСӣ

΢΢룬˵Сѽһ£λϵ硭λѪˡ
ѪۣһСѷģǶǺˣΪ㡭
пЦǿнҴû￴Ǻˣȴ¶֣һЦ޳Ѫˡ
ϵ˫һƵĿһתƵϣŮ˭
˻ţλֻ޳Сѵͬѡ
ͬ飿
ϵкȻɱһ֣һ±øˣΪβɱˣ˴һ©˭Ҳųȥһ̧ƣȻɱ
һʶһˣ󣬹˿첽ǰֽһҴӦλСѣκλѸƶӰɡ
ӣҪҵҪΪһʧұɱ
ϵɱɭ䣬ʱȻǰһ̤ʱһѾߣȴްֻңصǰҪɱǾͽҲһɱˣһǲ뿪ħڣ
˵ʲô
ϵһ±øӺˣֱĿ⣬ɫģԴʣˣǾͶ뿪ħڣˡ
Ϊɱ㣡
֪ΪΣϵȻɱָһһ³Ŵϵ󣬱һƴУǵ˲𲻿ɡ
ŵûʧɫȻȴҲһ£ֱ۾Ҳգһ£ϵƣջͣͷǰûȥ
ٺ١Сӣе
ϵɱջƣȻɫ䣬֮ǰȻ֪ЩҪʲô϶˶Էҽ
˵ʲô²ܺúҪɱɱأ
ʱԶȻŮӵģϸ꣬ȻĻ
ֻڰ֮У߳һ欵ŮӣŮӴһϼѣҹ￴Ϊԣÿһ·ҹҲҪڻһһֶǵ֮ȴ֪ħڣ
ԭˡ
ϵŮǻмޣ˳Ϊɫ֣֣֣Ӧ£Ϊ֪ĺݶ
áޡ
ЦЦĿϣһ˵Ǵкˡ
˵֮Զһ󼲷ɨֻڰһţӷ𡭡УɱҵأУһպιΪһССŮʩɱ


0436 
ֻڰ֮УһӰƮģ˫ֺʮȥȴǸİüɮ
һЦʦҲˡ
ӷ𡭡
˫ֺʮƶɮӣ֣ΪǰԵۣҼСѻ۸Ƿҷţȴգ֪ɺã
ⶼЩʲôֵֹˣһҪɱһռҪԼȥУֱĪЦ쳾δˣֻ
һΪλӰ¶磬Ӧǹۡһ죬Сѻνĺ쳾ǣʱСٻعͷ䣬ģȴֲһˡ
˫ֺʮ˵š
֪Ϻ񲻹Ǽٷ񲣬˵·żֵӡ
˺ˣǻҪ
ӯӯһЦԶɽȥڣͲͲˡ
һвǣ΢΢һǶ
ڼ޻˵֮ʱԶһһɱ⣬ֱüĶȥ
˵ʱʱ죬һΣ˲䵲ǰ棬һɨ顱һǵɢˡ
ʱԶһӰѾֻݿ£Զһ߸ʬɲɫ˪һ˫ȥֻ۾ȴضϡ
˵ģһģ͹ˣû뵽˿ȥӸҪֲ
ɫأǰߣǣڲȴ˽˶Թʱ򣬴޾ħϢΨڣǲпܳȥ
ûڣҲܳȥ
ɫ£һ̧ܵʱʱһ˲仯һ۰׷ߡ
ǣǳȥĹؼɱʱôȥ
ĿڲϣЩ䣬Ȼˣòʱ潣籨
һ²һ£˵ĶԹȳȥԺΣ
ʱѪҲ˹ֻʣϵ绹վԭأĿʱʱȥ
Ǻǡ
һЦȻ֪ǰ޳׹ǳǣǽҪӣ˲ŶԹ˭ɱˣǺҲ˰
Ͳˡ
һ±øӿˣضϣ˭ж͡£ô˽ᡣ
ûȥˣǽҪӽСˣֻҪûڳʱһɱĿǰΪҪԸǣ̫ǿЩ
ˡ
ʱλ뿪ħڣƶͷȰһ䣬¸˶Թһеȳȥ˵ȥһǼϹ潫ħڣʱ򣬾˭Ҳٳȥˡ
ŴԺ˶˵ˣǰһϵ翴ȥٶǰǴΣҵǼѺۣɻǵλã
أߡ

ʮ֮һɽ棬ɽ治֪жɽȶһŨŨħ֣֮ǼѾĸ֣ٶǰǴΣҲֻǿʮҲҼǰˡ
һǡ䣬Ǽʱ˳Ȼħ֮ʴΪҷ
ٴ󣬼˶һֻĸоԺǵãһħڣȻ䣬صӿһɿµħϢΪǿ˳Ѿ͵ʱһЩͬڴˡ
ٶ꣬һգ
ħϢֵɽȣȻһ̾ǿһĻȻ£·һŹȥһ첻ȻվѾˣŵ˶ȴֻص
Լ󣬼˲Իѹһ̣ͬʱ˹˿ڵСѲħڣħ֮ǰ߿·ҵȽ֮󣬴ҵһռѺۣҵȺ򿪣ȥ档
ס
ǰħϢɽȣ֣˶ԣΨһļֵܹ赲ħϢһȥ棬ʱҲûκμֵԣϵͲǱȻ̷ԣҪ취
С׼ˣǰ·ɣҼ󡣡
ߵԣȻǵǰˣЮ
á
Ҳٶԣһۣɽȥһ룬ɽȵħ֮Ȼɢˣ߼˽΢΢һǴδֵ飬̸ȥ


0437 Ѻ
Լʱ˲ɽȵȻǰһռѺۣΪħϢ˵˸û˴Ҳᱻһֱħڣȥˡ
ãȻһͨĿռѺۣСӣ㵱ʹ˴õúܣ
ϵһ±˷ǵռѺۣĿֽһǧˣȱȥһҲӣ磬Ҳʱˡ
Ȼ⼸ˣޣһǳȥˣٽ˵ķӡƻʱħڣ䣬ȫȥ󣬶½֮ҲͿʼˣԪҲܵ
²˳٣ǺܷռѺۡ
ȥ⼸˶һۣ̿ʼ˾ѻ񣬺֮ǵУɽ̲ͣ
һʱ䣬ǿռѺȴǴ򲻿ϵüһ
ԡ
üͷһ壬ǰ߽һЩ˫ֲϽӡѺ۴һûãѺԼԼһƷġ
Ȼˡ
һһ̣ʮֵͳˣ˵
üȥѺֵĽӡϵʱĿѣˣҲǷӡˣҵģ
ӣƺǲǰµķӡ
ϵ磬޴˿̱Ե侲࣬˼һ˵˴Ѻ۴򲻿ˣȥһ
վں棬û˵˿һۣͷСѣҪȥһˡ
޷
ϵ鲻˼򵥣±뼸˳ɽȣһطȥ֮󣬲˵һط
ͬһɽȣֻħϢ֮ǰɽȸأȻǰ·˽
ɽȻһռѺۣһλϵ˺ʩȻûȴҲ֣˴ѺۣȻҲӡˡ
ˡ
üɺϵ飿ߵѺ۱㱻ӡ
ˡȥһ
£ȥһɽȣһ£ɽȣȻÿһɽĿռѺۣ⣬ȥ֮ʱѾӡˣ·˿Ҫǳȥһ
ԡԡ
ϵ𽥱ҲһºࣺΪʲôÿߵ˺ܹǰ֪һԲԡǵУ˵ڹ
˵ʲô
һ޵˶üֻɲ˵ģÿ˽гڹ
ӷ𡭡
˱˴˶ӣ˴˻ɣΨп˫ֺʮһš
㡭˵ˣ
ϵȻָȥһɲǣסһ˶˵Ŀ˴˿վԵŮϡ
ҡ
ɫ΢΢һףҡͷҡ
㣿
ϵ߽һЩ˿̵ĿĽâصԴԺߵģ˶֪ȻѺ۷ӡѵ㴫ȥѶ
ûУ
ɫ԰ףҡͷ
Ʊá
ϵɱȻһʺһƾΪܶõΣʱֻ̣һ죬ڻͣǰ
ֻץס˽УѪ˳Ʋϵȥתͷؿϵ磺֤ݣҪɱ
֤ݣ
ϵһ䣺ȻǰʵҪʲô֤ݣ˭ܹ˵ˣ˵ҿǱɫͷԣһ˵һ·ߣ
ְͣգ
һһɹַǿнϵֿˣֻصڲǻ¼ɵʱ򣬼ȻеѺ۶ӡˣھ͸Ӧγȥһ沼󣬵ʱԶҲȥˣ
ͬǰĿ
վ˳򾪻δһۣϵ翴ȥü侲н֮
ߣ
ϵһߣŽ
˹ˣһСסһ㣬ħڣ˵ˣ֪ô
Ȼ֪
ˣ߰ɣǰһСȥЪϢһҹ취ɡ

ҹСҲرȻδСϵ˿ڡ
㡭Щ𣿡
û˵ãŻһԼ˵ͷСʲô
ʲôˡ
ҡ
ͷССʱӱ٣ұȡ
һ飬㵽ʲôˡ
һ̣񣬺ȻúҲζһ¡


0438 ڹ
̧ͷʱı̲סһһµ˺̶һһ·δԷʱ˺Լ
ҡ
˿Ŀ⿴ţ֧֧Щ˵ˣڻǱۣһһʶϣ˵ˣ𣿡
Ŵԣʱһɫһ±øӲ԰ˣҡͷҲǣҲǡ
㲻ǣ
۾һɲǣȻʮˣ㲻˵ˣʲô˵գȡһطϡ
顱һһҡΣһ̣·Ҳסˣؿһöⲻʯ
ʯʮ־ȥ·ֻŮˣˣԲ˿óһöαװ覵ĴѶ㡣
ȻǾۻһöССʯϣȴ㼫ӡʶ֮ǰҲ޷̽쵽
ֱ֮ǰʶ̽죬ڸȷһöѶ㣬ܹӵ˾ܵĴѶ㣬ħڣĽ磬ˣӦûõóˡ
˿̣ﰲؿöʯòŵʯô
һ㻹ǵǴαƴΧɱ㱻޻ˡ
ԭǱˣֲã˵ôˡ
Щʣֻ۾ҲˮǴΪҪˣöʯ⴫һѶɵʱΪ޻ˣԺʯֻǷδջǬǺʱʯﻬ˳
֮ǰöʯɹδǷȥ룬ֱգϵһҧ˵ˣǵٴˣſʼϸһС
㻹ʲôҪ˵
һ̣Ȼƽƽûзĺ棬Ҳû˸ղ˵ĺ⡣
΢΢һ̧ͷڣҪɱ𡭡ᣬҲƶߵ㻬û˵ˡ
Ѿ֪ˣ˿׿˵һ£Щ
޼׷ɱֵDȣʱߣɽҩֵӱƵһԨħڣΧɱ
ǡ˵˵һ˵ĳԼ޷ѡ˻оӣȾ
һһᣬʵ˵ţޱ飬أ㻹ʲôҪ͵𡣡
ҡҡͷ֮ʱҵ䣬Ѫϴţһֻһ˱ܼұ˳һ£׷ܼΪֻý£Ϊˣɵϵ˾ȻȫˣҵǸˣеΪҲ֪һеλ֮ˡ
˵˴ͣһţѧһżĻӴұȥμɱˣų켺ֱǰǱؼˣԻԼʮʱģװˣȡ
һУ߽ЩʵΪǱˣʲô
ҡҡͷ˲ƽкƣΪ˵ˣиͷڱˣšӡӾаس޼˰޼ؼУΪɣЩˣһ֤ʵôܰ⵹ӡ
˴ͣ͸㯣ҡͷȻһЦû뵽һȥǰ꣬ѾԼԭݣֱĳ֡
ǴڕDȣȥǵΪߵġ
ƽص
ǵġ
ʣ˵ͷҲҽλôΪû뵽˵ˡ
˵˴̧ͷ۳صڰ׹ǳʹ㣬һգ·ǷҲҪɱңشǡڣ㶯ְɡ˵գۡ
Ҳɱ㡣
һһ֮䣬ǷڣҪȥҪȥˣӣҷǵλôˣһԥɱ㡣
Ŵԣ͵۾ؿҡҡͷҡһΣûΪȥѶû˴ȥѶʯֻһöʱһֱ˴Ѷȥ
˵ʲô
üͷһ壬ɫһ±ɫ԰׵ûб¶ǵλãһҺòáҿԶ췢ģ˱¶ǵλãұؽ֮ء
ȵȣ
һֹס˵ȥһɲǣ뵽ʲôҲ·뵽ʲô˶һۣͬڹ


0439 
ԭ棬һڹû뵽ǡ߸棬˭ڹ
ҡҷһ˫۽ű˴ˣһ̣ܹ˴˵ĺ
㻹ǵã߸ˣֵ˳𣿡
Ȼǵá
˵ͷһǹˣҵǣڶϵѪˣϵ˵ǵڶĸޣǿӣǲǣһֵġ
ؿãǵһڹ
ü߸ˣޣȥܻڹȻƫƫһڹ档
´ڰ
ڡô죿
۽ǻۣ˿֮ԻΪЩʱ·Ѿϰ˷ԱˣǰĻǵΪɱ֣˵侲ࡣ
Ӧ𣿡
һΣûҪôʳһ仰һ仰ǵȥžδ룬ʹ˼ȴͬĻ
˵ո˵ѾǷˣҵϵһ͵ǷһˣҪȥˣҰ㣬Ұ뿪뿪½Ǿ͸Ƿˡ
û˵
Ϣһڶ죬־һɽյգƺЩ΢վһ𶼲˵˴˶š
ϵȻؿĿʮǿĵ⣬Խˣ֮ԽǽӲ
˺һ޲վ¶Щ֮ɫˣ߼Ѻ۶δؼþһ˴ȥϢôˣδҲ⼸ѺۣǽħڣƵƵ˵ע⡣
ͬ⼧Ŀ
ʱҲվ˳˿ϵ翴ȥ⼸Ѻ۽ѱΪ֮ƣֻܼ룬һ󣬵ʱҲȥˣأ
ϵĿͣϣáñ֪йأ뿪ħڣ˭Ҳȵһ߻Ѫߡ
ӷ𡭡
˫ֺʮһԹصĲǿȥԩԩ౨ʱˡǣ޳С֮ĶԹԹҲʱ¡
ġ뿪ħڣ֮ǰҲɱ俴ʮ䡣
˱á˫ۣ˵ˡ
ʱ򣬹˿һۣͳصѺ۶Ѿ˷ˣȥҲ棬ҪȥֻȥǸطˡ˵Ŀ⽥ϵѪ˿ȥ
򡭡
Ѫüһֵ˳⼸˼Ѳµ˿̲ס΢΢һ
ܹλвĵطһĵطνָħڣһƬطһħڣΪ֮أѾߣóȻƬҲδػٻų
˵ɫһ̶ʮˣΨӣʱȻ˫ۣ˫ֺʮвŷʡ
ϣҲֵʮƽվԣ˫ü
ã˲ֵҪȥ򣬹ƾǻҪˡ
ˣȻ֪˭ϵˣȻ֪ˣ˫ü΢˵ŵ˳޳ڤа񣬻С꽣ˮΨһӣ¡
ħڣĽȻѾ˽⣬ˣȴǴû˵ʵʲôˣ
ת˵ٶǰʮѾ˽Ȼգֻ˻Żˣ棬ȥˣλǰǻ۷壬ǧĵУȴҲδӹųˣǷ˵ˡ
Ŵԣ̲ס΢΢һʹΪߵˣûܴӳ
ѺۣѾȫ˷ˣҪȥֻȥ棬ҵһռѺۡ
һ˵ţһ˿˿üؼˣϲһûǴ·Ǵ̫գһ⣬ܻܿٶǰǴһһΣ˭ҲӲ
˶֪غ˭ҲҴģã˲һɫӴ˿ֻнû·ǰʲô뿪ֻǰܻͷˣڣȥˡ
˶˳˼һΣҪٵģˣһѡ񣬾Ҳ޷ͷ


0440 
գ˶ˣħڣƴһǾȥҵӽųˣȻٴν
˹ɫأüСѣ˴νħڣ򣬿ܻգ׼𣿡
˶ǰҲǿһۣһеѡ𣿡
á
˵˵ͷ⼸˿һۣɫԵ棺˭Ҳܵ뿪
Ȼϵ䣬˵ʱ俴һۡ
˲ٳɣ޳ڵ޳ɽȥֱʮ˲޳ɽֻɽƣɽƣȻ޳ڴ˲˴󣬲ֵܵħϢʴ
Ȼ޳С
˻عͷһۣϵ˶˵ͷɽϷȥɽϲнƴǲֱӽ롣
ٽɽֻ֮ô໯ߣʱֻеһϣʵʲôˣ
ǰڼϣ˵ҵȴæδǰţֻм°ݷõʧ֮޹֡
һҵģ˴˶һۣߵǡڴ˴ȺƬ̣ȥͨһ
á
΢΢ףָ΢һʱһɽзȥˣʱֻˣ˵ʩһ񣺡֪ǼλǰãŶʧ֮λǰ֣롣
˵գһ΢һ䣬ɽǰĽ󷨱ˣ˵漴ڣɽһĵǰ΢Ц˸֣ڵУλǰ롣
˵ڣֻ߻ް׵棬ԼԼһˣ˻վĹҲ
ֻһڰĳۣͷҲ߰ףмڣԲɣŵ߽ľŸˣãϴμˣӦٶǰɡ
޳֣˽ڼϣ΢΢һЦڲƽôɭɭˡ
޳ҡҡ֣һ߻һ˵ò֮£ң֪Ϊ¡λ
󣬹Ž˵޳֮𽥱ŵĲյҲ΢΢Ϸ΢ײ
飡
һص޳סĲյָ糣߰ɡ
Ŵԣ޼˶һüϵһǼ꣬˵Ҽǵôǰ޳ɲġ
ϵѻ˵꣬޳ҡҡͷ˿ϣҲˣеֻ޾Ĳɣ
һѻߣǷһٵƽ֮һдŲɣ
ֻ棬򵥣λΪǰûӹһλǰʩͨҲߡ
޼˶üĲһ˲ֿڵǣӦ֪ħڣƵƵħ֮ϴӵصһ˶ҪôΪЩˣڣѺ۶ˣħڣһǵɣǾҲܳȥˡ
ôһ죬һɡ޳˵ţ˫ۡ

һ󣬼ڻ뿪޳ɽ˫üô죿޳Ŵӽ޷ȥӣôȥˡ
ȥڤаɣȥɱǼˣӦǻǺ
˽һ˵һַ磬ϱ߷ȥˡ
֮˵ڤаڵġʬ֮ءֻʬǣɽҲʬǶѻԲʮ֣ɷɷ޳Եÿࡣ
ʬǵ·ϣһֱڤаϲʳ⣬ǻʳŮӣȻⲻ˺¡
ڤ⣬ֻ治ŮӵЦ֮һǵŴ򿪣һĻһæͷƲ˿ȥ
ֻǴУƳ֣ʮ¶壬һ˿մŮӣоʵĿ
м䣬и쳣˶֮ˣ˻аȻǴ˵֮ڤаˡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬벻ٶ꣬յڤа񣬾Ȼ˻Ƿˣ룬ȴЦòڤаԽԽˡ
ٺ١
ڤаɭɭһЦ漸˵ˣʲô¾˵Ĩǡ
ƶͿżɽˡ
΢΢һЦ㽫˵ˣ֮󣬴ϺȻ˳ţʮŮҲ̲ˡ
¡
ǡ
ʮŮӲҶʣʱһ̣Ǵȥˡ
ڤаĿȻһſ˹ĿӼɨϡ
ţ΢΢һҲ̧ͷֻʶ߿˿
ٺ١ŮǲһģϲҰɡ
ڤаааһЦһץȥʱŵûʧɫҲһ˲䣬ǰߣڤа񣺡ܸ㡣


0441 

ڤаĿһ䣬ȥһɲǣϵձ쳣ˣ˶ܹоһɺɱ
һССϵ֮Ҳҵڱǰǻ˲ɣ
ڤа˫ĿһɣϢһ±쳣£Ҳһɿ磬Ҫ˺һ
æаϢŭλ޳СѲħ֮Ҫȥڣλаȥ󣬻Ҫٹжٹ
ߣ
ڤаһߣȥҲȤˣڽ򡭡Һȥɣǲȥˡ
һ˵˲ü˵ʲôڤаһ̧˵һųͷģȥǸط

ô죿ֻʣºˡ
ֻص棬üԽԽ󽫷һһַ磺ȥɽ
󣬼˺ڵĺɽ⸽һ轵࣬ɽƮŰѩԼԼɼһЩ̨ͤ¥
һż·һͤ⣬ֻͤվһӰ˰׷磬תȴһòݵӣüһӡȥһ㡣
ţͤ˼˹˹֣λǰ֪£ǰĳ˴
Ǻ£ƹ˼Ϊǰʵȴڼ֮£һǳȺ衣
ģҵǰΪһ¡ǰֱӿżɽ˵
һ֣ʱһ˿ӵı仯㯣Ǿηһ˵ˣ޳ĲɣڤаǷϣһ
ʱĸ񣬹˱֪¿̸±㽫˵ˡ
֮˿ߵ±ߣƬƬİѩʦ򣬴ӴһȥٶǰǴΣұΪȥܹҵϧ
˵˴ۣٶǰǴΣĻ䣬òŵǴʮˣȥûþΣգһ֮ʣµֻоͿֻšλǰҲˣֻͨǰǰ俪һѺۡ˳
˵֮󣬺ۣתˣһʼǾͲӦóԽǸط
Ȼ˿̼˵赭дõʱ龰ж£ж
Ĭһ˿ʵǵʱʲô
ʵ˶ܺ棬ڽ澿ʲô˻Żȴ⹫һ֣û֪ʮ澭ʲô
ǲ֪ġ
һֻתͤһƬƬƮѩһ̣һ㣺ʮˣֻ˻
ĸ˻
Ȼ˵һ˵޵˶˹Ҳתλѣγԣ
ĸ˻ǵĸˣңɹ뿪ħڣˡ
˵ʲô
˫üһ壬һ˵⼸ϵҲһ±Щˣ֮£˵Ц
Ŀֱź£˵Էаɷڵؼ켶֮Ĺջ
аɷѵ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Щʼվֹˮֱʱ˲ԲѵаɷûȻȥˡ
һ̣˶ĬҲԭأԭаɷǵʮ֮һ
˿аɷʱΣԸеЩľһͷѪɫĳס˰գϣһʮֲֿѪ·ǱһȭģҲǱ˴ˣǱͷסİǱ鲼ħƣѾħˡ
ܡ
عҲ϶ص㲻ܻܻš
Ϊ˺ܶࡣʵ˵
Ŵԣ½ʼòĻˣʵʱģ
иѪѾû࣬ϲħϢȻ񣬲ͣ˵ħɱҡǱʲôһ㯡
ڹջľ򵥵˵˳
Ȼ
һΣ··ȫʵʵһʼǱʶѾΪ֪ʵŵֻǣаɷȻӳȥˣǡӵ
飬ƺʼЩ˷˿˶ĬԣɫҲԽԽء
ǰһһؿź£ٴʵ棬Ǿʲô
һû˵һ̣Ȼǰ½˺ˣϵĿֲ˿ںʱŵһУŲȵȥ


0442 ħ
ˣһҲסˣΨƽ޲Ѳµһ
ֻ棬һаɷһģһѪû࣬еֻһ˿˿Ѫĺںħȿֲֹ졣
ô
Щ޷ǰһĻѵ޳ڤаҲʧȥ𣿿û࣬ٶ꣬λģȥ˿ģ
½ϣޱصǿ˰ɡ
⵽ô£
Ҳʮˣָƽ˵棬һûгȥħʱΪܹսʤǣ̫ˡ
ħ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬˿̺˵ħȻ˼ħ֮ˣϵħϹʱڵһħ
û
Բһ£·ֿ˵ʱǿ¾һĻֻۣһʹƽŻۣħҲûֻһħʶһħʶסˡ
Ŵԣͤ⼸Ҳ̲ס΢΢һʲôħ˿£սȥĿʮߡ
һħʶѾ䱾𣬾޷һڣֻѳ硣
һ̧֣ϣ˵ÿˣ඼ħȡˡ
⡭
΢΢һʵǡλڵģ
ڣ
ɫ԰׵һЦǻ𣿼ղţĪûпЩħ𣿡
ղڣЩΪһĺںħһѵǡ

һ˵ǱħħʶմȾһ˿ħʶ·ǳ˹ϵӵ˲֪һ죬һ˿ħʶ᳹׽ɡǣһ
˵֮һβǼ¶˾ɫ϶¶˲˼ɫҲ΢΢
ȥո˵аɷΪڷ˿ħʶռֱ㯣˵ǱʲôһΪʱħʶռԪ񡭡
˵꣬û˵ʱ޻ǰʵΪʲôħҪȡǵࣿ
´ջĿ⣬һħɱֶΣҪ𣿡
Ŵԣ˶ĬȻȴʱһͻأ˵ѡ
޼˽΢΢һ˵֮˲Ǳˣֻ˿Ŀⶢںϣ޲ȴҪһ
ȥĿ΢΢һ㲻ҷԣҸո˵һУֻǱΣĹ£ãҿҪһֹǽ򡭡
һ̣˶˺ͼ޿ϵѪˣԼǣ˿ź£Ǳ˫ۣ˫ֺʮвСŷʡ
ֻ˿վԭأ̫ңѾԺˣ֪ó˭ȥ
뺮Ŀţܲɫ糣صղ˵û룬һмطǴˡ
˵˵
µĿԽԽˣһǽ󣬲żȻǸħҲǸħǣ֪иµĴڣ̰ҪҵϹħķ͹ǻȥˣǲ޹
㡭
¿һͣջ̾ͷṵ̂Ҳᡭ
ڶ
û˵ֱӴˣ޳˵һλǰƴʩչͨһѺۣҲӲȥյʵӦǡаɷͨǵѺƴӳȥˡ𣿡
㡭
һΣֹǺһͣ˼Ҳû뵽ѵ𣿼ˣΪκҪʵ飿Ϊʲô
һ̣˶˵סˣЩŵؿǰˣָƽ㡭ηֵġ
Ȼɫ䣺ոаɷʱɫ䣬˵Ȼȥˣ˵Ļı飬ΪһɲǣʶѾ֪ˣûͨǵѺ۳ȥˣ㲢ǲҵĻǲš
㡭
ʱ˿̣¿ǰˣƿԣԱˣҲһ̣жͬһ뷨ӣ򵥡
ǰһߣĿؿź£ǾģҲµûǸħ˳ġ𡣡


0443 ħʶ
㡭
ɫ䣬ŲĵһˣŵؿЩ٣㡭㵽ʲôˣ
ʲô˲Ҫ
һ̵Ŀ⣬Ľâһδ֮ˣȴ˿һѾ֮ˣ˿ֲ̻̿ˣȻǺߡ
˵ˡ𣿡
㡭
亹乣ˣ˿ҲѱɫĿһضϣüѣ⡭ô£
ú󣬺²ƽһ̣ȴǶ˻һվվˣ·һûǸħǳġ
һ˺ϵ缸˽һ·ͬСɣΪҪ˿Ϊٶؿƿ
ĿصؿЩţʵ¹ϵ󣬺ܷϸ˵һЩΪħҪȡǵ࣬ȻֽǷ˻
ΪΪ
𽥱֮УҲٲħƣ˺ͼ޵һ̷Ӧ˲Ծ˰ɾ룬¡
ģ
Ҳһ˲䷴ӦֽһֵסӺӿɢħһĻԶ˵˿ĿɿڴֱãǹħŽˡ
ħħ
ֻ˫ֱͷϾʹ֮ɫ뵱аɷʮ긦æߣ
ߣ
ֽһͣԼȴ粽ǰָһüĵȥһ˲佫ʶ̽˶Է֮С
һĻȴǰѺ˸ľѣ˵ǺȻһһʱ񱩣ҲȲ
ΣգҲ֪Ҫ뿪ħڣֻȥҪƬΨŪħʲô˿̲ա
ʶ̽뺮񺣵һɲǣ·𵱳׹ǳǵǴʱһܹǹдʶһ˿΢Ӧһ̣Ҳʲô˸Ӧ
ġҵǸˡĲʧҵǸˣ
ֻһ仰·ǴħʶжˣʱҲڽָѡ
޵һ·˻ٻصԣʵû°ɣ
û¡
ĿںϣոӦһ˿ʶӦþǸħڵħʶˡ
ǶԷᵽġʲôڰ׹ǳǣǹʶҲᵽˡġ֡
ʧĲʧʲô˼ҵǸˣǸ˭
ѣû°ɡ
˴ž裬ź£һͤȥ
ָѣͷ˵ǸħҪȥҵһˣȥȻͻὫ໹ǡǣǸ֪˵ǸˣʲôˣһֶûУŮ֪κһʾûУȥҡ
˼˶ɫʱղ־ٶȥ޳Сѣ㷽ſǸ֪ʲô
Ҫ֪ô£Ϊ֮ƣֻн򡣡
ˣ˵ͣһŵҪ뿪ħڣҲΨн򡣡
һ˵˲֮ǰôϾΪ֪ǴħĴڣ֪һµħ棬ǻҪȥ
ϲɵ¶Ϊ֮ɫܹȥãһǸħˣô죿
˵꣬˿ȥȻʱ˶Ĭѵһ
ԥ˵Ǽλǰôڣλǰ𣿡˵꣬˿ȥǰҲ𣿡
üʱ俪ڵȥȥкοɾ壿˵ʱĿϡ
ϵɨһˣҲͬˣħڣȥһԣ뽫棬ƫƫ⣡
á
˵ͷ¿ȥѣһ𣿡
¿ˣָԽԽ˴ӽ˳ȻٶȴŲյǿߣȥǹһ㡣
޺Ȼʦˮ򣬴Ӵ˱ѶѵһͲټ𣿡
ʦ
ϺȻ¶ʹɫһסţԼѾ⸱˲ģټʦʦټԼϵóԼ
á
Ƭֻ̹ȭͷ˿ȥĳʹѶ޳ڤа֮󣬳ȥڼ䣬λҺɽ͡
´Ӧȥظţüһ⣬͵Ҫȥһˡ
˿վԭأԲʼռǵã˴һ棬һ˵ڹ


0444 
ɽ£¹֮£ħ֮ȴһĽ󷨾赲⡣
ħڣħ֮ǴӺʱʼ޼ɵӣ֪Ǵǧǰ𣬵ص׾Ѿħ֮͸ˣʱգɷӵħ֮Ѿħڣߵѡ
ҹ䣬˿ںɽһСԺδֽӳһӰ
⣬·ţ̳ţҹ£Ҳʣֻ˵ͷ
УһʶϣתҪϵ硣

üһ˳˼հʱȻܳϵ簵صɱֹ죬ܶʱϵ綼ɱ
ŷš
˹ȥȡ֮ǰ˸źɫһȥôΣգŹǹ˾˵ڹؼʱ̱סһȫøԼԼô죬һֱɱ
ģ϶кܶࡣ
ŹݸӹҪʵĿľΪ˱ùҲ

֮ԭĺɽȻһ𶯣˶ڿ˳ֻϱʣһƬɫƾϯһ㣬÷Բʮֹ
ɽĵӼ״ŵ´Ӹ߳ߵĺɫһۣؾţڤаˣ󡣡
ܿ죬Ƭɫ˺ɽϿգĻķȻһӰ쳣ߴڤа
аˡ
ǰ΢΢˱ȭڤа˺ϵɨһۣʵ޳ûô
˵֮ʣһʺһɳ۶˲Ϣ˺ɽϣһɷ֮ˣһڰ׳ۣ޳
ٶˡ
޳ȻһԼԼĲɣǴ˿һͬĺºڤаˣǴδӽ󣬱Ҳûм档
޳
ͬŸ޳ʩһֻ˴˿̣ȴ˵ʲôΥˡһĻ
˺ϵ缸Ҳȥһۣظں档
֮ǰȥ޳ڤаû붯ڻˣ˵аȻˣô²˳٣ھͳɡ
ȵȡ
ڤаƿߵǰ˿ȥҲȥȥ𣿡
˽ڼϣص޳СѲħ֮裬ڣܹ˳һЩط
ħ֮
ڤаΧתһȦЦǾñˡ
²˳٣߰ɡ
һ죬һʯȻ֮ǰѾźˣǴ˴뿪ħڣǾҲˣȻҲˣǼޣħڣŻҵһȥҵҪҲա
Ƭ̺ȫʯǱ߷ȥħڣʮֽСģײһЩƹ󣬻߾һЩϹħֻħϢ
뺮ɽ½ߣվʯԵϵɽɿݵĺʱֵĲмЩЩǴӹŴģǸʱʲôȴϵʷ棬Ҳûмˡ
޳㻹ǵüЩ𣿡һߣºȻ޳ʵ
ٶˣҲǲ̫ˣֻȥҿûҵֱӴȥ谭Ҫʮ֮á޳˵
ħڣǳ󣬵жҲ֪ͷ·һһڽ滹һȦʮֹΪ򡱡
ħڣ˽⣬ΣҲĵطﲢʺѰ
ˣħڣһ˴ûԵ컯ΪͻƣȥǸܹ֮ˣֻа֮һˣڼ
ȵȡ
˿˶Ի˹üҪʮʱ𣿡
ϸ㣬뿪ԪѾˣҪʮ꣬һڽһЩ谭ǵöꣿδ뻹ŵȥڵĻҶȴŲȥˡ
ɣ֮ҲήǵȸʮٲŻȥ˷ǣ
޳˵кܶƣܶطֱӷɹȥʱ䣬ȻͳˣϴȥʱҵһЩ֮ãɽλ֪ܷҵ
ڤабһۣЦôˣûи㣬ʱԽƬ֮谭Ҫһӡ
һӡ
󣬲ɵ΢΢ɫһָô֮ǰû˸߹Ҫôãôܵȵһӣ
һӾʮ꣬ǸʱҶڿήǸʱٻȥ˷ǣ˵溶ʶˣεȵһӣ


0445 Խ
ۼԽԽԣ䣬޳ȥ˵й󣬿֮ãҵĻܹԽ򣿡
޳˿˵󲢷ֻһҵԽ࣬ԽʱԽ̣ҵϣô£ܵ򣬵ͨȥĽ򡣡
л档
˵ͷֻعͷС𣿵ո˵ˣֻҪҵ󣬾ܹܿȥǸʲô֮ҿڤа˵˵ġ
ˣʱǾ֪ˡڤаЦһԱʯͷһ۲˵
ʮ֮һٶ˼һƬ򣬽ܹ֮̾ܵһɳʹҲδܹһֻеֻЩӹʱġûƾŴ˴ħ֮ʮֲֿ
ȥֻǲз룬һɽ壬ȻйһʮֲҵĴս
ħ֮ս˼ȴģЩɿݵĺѾɽ֣ײϺһƬǱʲôȾɫΪѪɺӡ
Щֲ֮أһֱﵽˣžۼһɳص
ͣ
֪˶ã޳һ죬Ȼ½ʯֻͣǰǦƳ͸һʮֹϢһ̣϶𽥱
ת޳ȥǼǵô˴һ󣿡
޳ǰһƬǦƣ˼òŵӦǦ棬ҿָСڣһЩ
ǿֲģ˲Ҵ⣬ɺǰСʯǦȥ
Ǧ棬˵𽥿ʼģҲԽԽͣһ㺮ıΪԵ֮˽棬Ƭ̣Ҫ档
һʯͷ£ǶòסɫҲԽԽ԰ףƵתڶһɴľ֮ʹתһЩ
Ʋ˴Լʱ˵ֱýֻǰһƬ֣ں֮£ԼԼܹʵɽ壬ɽγһ󷨣ȥֹ졣

޳ɫһ±ý뵱꣬ȥ򣬱Ǵ￪ʼģǵҵĵһ
ڤаͺҲվǰֵĹ壬Ҳĺ޲
һЩ
ѹСʯɽȥģɵɽм䣬ʱܵһ˿ԼԼĹ֮
֪ǺֶͨΣɽ壬ڴ˲´ʹܹת
֮˱˴˶һۣ޳ɫصصɽ壬ֱľˮԺÿһɽ󣬼סˣ˵ͻ
֮󣬶˵ͷʮ󷨣Ӧǲʲô⣬ȥһһŵʮ󷨣Ժ޳Сڴȶʯˡ
û⡣
ʯмȥҲҰһ𡣡

΢΢˵ͷԼ˶׼ÿһ飬ͬʱɽȥʮߵǵУʱ÷ƾ䣬ɽҲ
ʯҲ˾ҵ𵴣ָһһ㣬һƥɢʱʯȶ
ٶδʱȻתʮλߵԴԴע룬ڣɽͬʱһâ
ֻ¡һ죬ԲʮƲɲǼ䱻ɢһɿֲ֮ӿɢȥ˲佫ɽʯΪһƬ촷ۡ
ĵʯҲͬһʮˣɲǼʧˣٳʱǲ֪ͳ˶Զ
ΪźĹ޴ʮλߣʱɫף޳˻Ϣ˿ȥȥϢһգȹָȥѰһ󡣡
˲ԥʯϵɽȥʯм䣬أЩɫףոһɲǣǽ˿ռѺһ⣬롣
ڶգ˱ּѰһ󣬾£Ѿ󣬽ֻҵһ󣬾ֱӵ򸽽ˣӲɹȥĻҪꡣ
պһҵ˵ȻɽȴѾ̮˽룬֮ǰܵĳֳ𻵡
ô죿
һ󣬸ü⸽һˣУҲǴͻȥģǰѾǿжõĻһ⣬޷


0446 ֮
⣬ʮλΪĻߣҲסˣһ޳üǲðգһ͹гκ⣬޷󡣡
Ҫȥ򣿡
վԣһü·˿̱Ҫȥ⡣
޳˼ã̧ͷãǰ̫գܾۼԨлᾪЩֻͽȥˡ
Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
ü΢ֱʳҪ⡣
ꡣ
޳
Уʱ̫ˡ
Ҳһֵοʱ䣬ֻڲյ£һ;ʲôѱ¡
ǡҪǿжùҲѱ¡޳Щԥص
˶üͷѵľأǿжùȷʵпܳ⣬޳ԣҲûеֻʱ䣬һ;ʲôɾ˵ˡ
ǡô͹ɡ
ԥʱȴǰЩǰС˵
ڤаЦһ˹֮Ҫǳʲô⣬ҵӦռ˺֮һССպϵ֮ˣ˲ͻᱻ˺ѵ÷飬Ԫ񶼱ס
ûϵҲ¡
ǰһԣ̧ͷĲȻһȴһ˵ҪȥˣҪȥİǸˡ
ٴεͷ˳ĬıˣھȻһССŮӣӶǴˡ
ˡ
˽һ޳ɣͽȥȷʵЩգԺǵһǡ
С
޳Ҳˣ̳ʯȥɽм䣬𡱡ľɽ嶼Ѿ̮룬ɽҲûˣȥɽҪࡣ
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޳תˣڽľɽֳɽע
˵֮޳ȥ޳Сάʯȶ𣿡
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ʯмȥ̸ȥһΣȴûæˣָֻҡ
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ϵѪˣ˴˿֧̿šľɽ壬ɽȡɽ𻵵øΪء
˷һɨһ·˹ȥס
䣡
̳ڣɽͬʱһ⣬ֱ춥Ҳһ¸ɢˡ
ʯһ˲ʧˣȴ֪˺δҲ£ǴͿռѺ۵С
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ס
˷һɨ˲һӡס˽վλõһѺۣҲڿ֧ţȻ˺֮ȴԽԽ£ȻΪ𻵣´ͿռѺҲ⡣
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ǿֲ˺֮£ʯѾʼѺۣǿҪķһ
վҲվȣ㱻ɳȥסֲʯעȴ˿
ϣҲֹͣˣԽһգ˿ŵˡ
¡¡
ԽԽңʯϵѺҲԽԽ࣬ʯͷȥ˲㻯ΪһƬޡ
ˡ
ʮλΪĻߣ˿Ҳ¶˿־֮ɫռѺ۲ǿ˺֮˵ߣǴﵽ˶澳Ҳһ˲仯Ϊޣδ鴫˵֮භ
¡
һ죬ʯһɲķѣֻеǰһǰδеǿҹâһ˲ʧȥ֪֮ʱֻ޹⣬ذΧһĳţǲ֪ںδ
ģ
ϵͷشʯ𣬻ֻػ谵޹⣬һƬţԼԼֱܹ治Ǻҹǰ졣
ǽ򡭡֮
ܵĳ޳ԭɷ׵ӣһ¸ʧȥѪɫһԴڤаһ̣嶼΢΢Ҳ¶˿־֮ɫ
ԭǴ㴫͵򸽽취ƿ֮Σ֮أȴû뵽Ϊʧ⣬ȫ͵֮棬һ֪֮һ֣һ䵽˽֮أһӶȥˡ
Ҫš˹ָ˵
˵ϣһϥȥ˼״Ҳȥʮ˶Ĳᣬ˿̱뾡ָκΣն֮ǡ
Ϊϵ͵Ϊʯм䣬ʱȴһҲûУԺܣ૵ġ
֮
Ÿ˵֮ԶһȻǿ˹


0447 
ʲôˣ
ǹ죬²õʮ̽Ž䱸ԽԽԽԽֱܼͷƤ顣
ڣĹ֮£ֻһЩ֪ġӿһƬ糱ˮһൽ޷ơ
ǹֵ
޳ɫһ䣬˼Щӿ̾۳һȦ˺Сѹ
Ȧڣͬʱһ˲󷨣һ磬糱ˮӿȫֵ档
ɳɳɳ
ǲϣֻӿײ󷨽磬еĴ˽ӡһ±ΪҽǲԻЩޱӴ
Щʲô
ɫɷףѾѻЩʬ壬ԶиӿֻеЩëȻ
ǹ
޳ƽ糱ˮӿصӴû裬ǿƾʧʶҲ̽첻ϸ΢֮˵ڣȻΪ
˵ִ֮˸ЩͷƤĹʶԣֱۡ
޷Ӧֵܵһգ˹ָ
޳˫ַϥϣĿ˹ҲعЩȫȥ˹ָ
ɳɳɳɳɳɳ
ĹڲϾײ󷨣ֻһȦʬɽЩжӴ
ҲȥЩ˹ȴʮλ߻ָ֪͵֮ĸ֣Ҳ֪ǰ·жա
֮ĺ󣬶һƬޱߵ֮أǼҪҪյö࣬Բע⣬ͻ档
ħڣˣͼȥѰЩϹʧĹͷȻȴ֮档
ʱȥһգۼ󷨽Ѿ𽥲ѺۣЩδߣԽԽܼԽԽ͡
ʮλߴʱѾָò࣬ЩĹҲеͷƤ顣
Щﲻߣô죿
ϵһƬǰײĹָԽԽʮΪĻ֣վ
ЩжǿӴһ֮󣬱ܹΡʶҲ̽첻ϸ΢֮˵ڣȻȶػҪ˲ɢȫ
֧Ų˶ˣ뿪˵ء
ü˵ʱһɨһ㻤Ԫ
ҪֱӲȥô
޼˶˹Ĺ΢΢ͷһЩ࣬ʱ͸ͻΧˡ
á
޳Ҳ߿˹Щж£ҲˣԲò¾ߣһȺĹԽԽˣʱͻΧϼѡ
޳Сѣ׼𣿡
ȥʮ߶ҵģȻȻܷӦЩϾħ֮谭ȫÿˡ
صġ
һۣСȻҡ
ګګص˵ͷ糱ˮһĹֻеȫ顣
׼ˡ壡
޳һ̴󷨣漴ȥЩ󷨴򿪣ǵطӿһϯֲ
޳͹˳ǰڤаϵң޺ͺ½ͲǷֱӦԺӿĹѪ˺Ϳ
ӷ𡭡
һֽӡһѪɫdӡɳʱһƬûҷ
ң
һָһ˲仯һĻΧܣԵֵΧǵӿĹ
ֻЩƾʧҪڣȻڽӽ֮ʱʱĻԪΪҽ˳
죡
ۼ׷ᣬ˷ӿ˿ҵģֻòͣǰȥһ·ʵľû֪
ɳɳɳɳɳɳ
ǵӿһ·֪˶ԶŹһһҹʱ䣬˲Ƭ򣬺Ĺ˳һ˻ȥʧ߷Χڡ
Щˡ
һһҹ˴ʱЩǱδһƬĵأЩףոЩ׷ᣬתۼˣƺЩ֡
ȵȡ
һ±ܿ˿Сǡˣ


0448 籩
Χһ±ޱȵղű׷һĻγ˽Ȼ෴Ļ档
ۼΧЩ죬˸ղŵĻδ£ʱֱý˶޳ͺ¡ڤа˿˹Ͼٶǰ
֪ģܹЩɢ˵رȻŸµĴڡ
޳ܹڽÿһطѰɵǴҲͲԶˡ
СһЩǰȥ
ǰһƬ֮أһЩֵĹ壬˱С
Լгǰ潥ÿտȻһַ粻֪Ӻδ˹صĳɳ˶
ġʲô
Ŀһһɨǰһµһ˲䣬ԶȻ˼籩Ƿ籩գƾҷӿ
ʲô
΢΢һֻǷ籩֮һоԻҷֵͬɽ壬һ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
籩㿪
޳ɫһ䣬ֲøղЩ˻ȥֲô˴ÿտԭ籩
籩쳣ϹʱһЩԹۣŻһеĿֲһлﱻ䶢ϣѵõ
ֻǼ籩ȻʮɣǴһӲͬķΧ˹
ɢ
޳һεض˫ǰһƣһһʱХǰһ籩ȥٽŷ֮һԾǧɾ롣
ߵȫһֲȻǷ籩֮ȴʯһһҲû
һߣѪſ³һѪɫɽֻǷɽԽԽջһɾ޽һ죬ס籩Ϯ
籩ԽԽܼϵ˽ƾǿʵ߷˳ȥȴʮ籩м䡣
ۼʮ籩ķΧԽԽСһȫ£ʱǲҲѷˡ
ʱףֻ˫ּӡҪһɳȥȻʩɣһǲһƳ
飡
һ죬ȻһƣڱȦڼɱδһƴȴʩжϣҲܿһ籩ȥ˳һƵķ֮˳ȥ
籩ȥһ˫ԲǾȴһӲȥˡ

ʶ˲ǵİ㣬һ˲˻ȥӿнסһ籩콫ûһ˲䣬һƿľٽŷ֮Ծ˳ȥ
ʱһֻ˾С¹ϣҲٶһ£̧ͷߵĲǿȥȻһӣûôף
δ䣬ָֻһһĻ̴ܷ˳ȥɵҲһ籩һ籩ʱһ˲㽫ûˡ
ߣ
ܲûһ˲չɲ˳ȥ˵ĸ
˾δֻǷ籩ȦһӰ˳ȴ֮ǰһµĲǡ
ʱֻɱڵط˹飬ȴмǱղŲֶΣµǷ籩ˡ
Ⱥ￴иɱָһʱһɱȥ˼״˲ǰ˲һŭʲô
СӸոչҪҡأԴɱ䣬ݺݵضϡ
û˵ƽ޲ʱԶ籩Ѹپ£޳ɫһ籩ˣˡߣ
˺ԥչԶȥһ·ҹڰѺӰε籩
ǰߣȴԽԽӽˣһ˶ʮС˿Ĵ⡣
޳ڤа񡢺ǰ·ܺϴʱߵ·߲һҲܹоõǹħĽأѾԽԽˡ
ȥһµʱ䣬һ·֮ܿأһڴԽ֮
˿ǰģһƬһ޼ʣһ޵׵ԨкƳ·һλϹħˣ˱ѹ֡
ǰ治֪ʲôطжףʱ˿Ѿ֮һǰҲûκ·
޾ԨȻ͸һȻ֮ɫٶǰʦ˳ƽˮħڣļ֮һŰĵУΪ鶴澳
Ȼһ򣬱ǽ󣬾ҲûκѶ򣬺˵ʱ⼸֣ǣȴʧˣѶȫޡ


0449 
ʱ˿̣˶жףǰߣͲٻͷˡ
תˣǰͲܻͷˣλѾ׼𣿡
һν֮ǰ˶Ѿˣ֪иֲħȻˣɼ˶Ѿһľġ
ǰ˼Ǻһ޾Ԩϸ뵱뿪Ѿˡ
ʱ䣬һգ۾͹ȥˣҲ֪ԪǱߣδΣΣ˼ȴΣʦԼ
ʦ磬ˣһ㲻ˣ
㲻㣬͵Ϯңֿ㣬

ˮһʽʦôһ򲻳ˣһʽʲôء
£򣬳޺οΨ䡭ˮ飡

㡭ôˣ
վһԣͣЩ΢΢죬һɲǣǴ￴һ˿ص̲ס΢΢һУص
û¡
ָ˹ֻɫ֪Ϊοȥȸոձ࣬һ˵ֻ꣬˫һ㣬Ԩȥ
߹˺޳˻ƻȴһԨȥ˾΢΢һ㶣޳ʵôˣ
޿һԶȥıӰЩ䣬·ִһ˿įҡҡͷ֪
޳
һԨȥĻΣգҲһչ׷ȥ
˼˶޼ɵԨȥ΢΢һ䣺ˡǺ䣬Ҳ׷ȥ

׷΢΢תͷŻٶȣֻɫȴЩˡ
ôǱ˸ˣ֪Ȼ£Ȼ֪վʲôǳϦദôѾˣÿÿֻҪ£ͻȻһˣñ顣
˵ǰΣգǲҪҴȻȥɣһ߰ȫЩС˵
һͣոֻ뵽ǧѣ뵽һУϾ֮ʱ¶һϲˣȴ飬ܶѣҪˡ
ȥɡ
̧ͷ䡣

˵ͷҪת֮ʣǰȻһ죬ܵһ½˫ĿһֻǰĹȻ̹âϸ֮£ǲʲôԴһԾ޴۾

ʱڷҲͬʱһ˲䣬Ĺ֮䣬Ȼһɫ⡣
ɫһһɨ˲佫˻ָһһ䡱һǺɫײʱɽһҡΣ뻯ΪʱȻҲһɫòסȥ
ԡ
ʱҲڸ޳δ˵ֻ꣬ĹȻһͷȻɳ
һͷµȫһ̵Ƭֻ۾ɫѪɫϵƬҲһһıɺɫ
ˣ
ۼԱɫ޳ʱһԱɫ׼˲ݣǽܲˣΨնɱͷԣпܻΪԷ֮
һͷڽԣ˶꣬ӴʱϢиղһֱͷԣǧ޵У൱Ķ澳ڸˡ
ˡģ
޳һ˫һţѸٷƶԴȥһһ¡һϣʱɽȲֹ
ѪҲһڷɶſ³һѪ⣬ȴһѪɫɽһ죬޼᲻ݵķɽնƬϣ˳ȥ
⡭
Ѫ˲Ȼһ˸Ƿɽַ˻ǰ𣬴ʱվȺ󣬷һɨ͵˺ȥȥ
ʮλߺ϶һͷԣ쳣ļңڴ˵صխ˿տ֮أֻ¸ԶԸͷԡ
ֻβһɨһβ֮һоԻΪɻңɽ廹ϿȣԱɨ÷飬ʱĳ
ϵ硢ǡڤа㿪ֻβһ£㲻ܿҷ˳ȥ±ϵʯͷײ÷顣
˼״һǰУּӡַһɨеһ䡱֣һ˲䣬һɺӿһӡ͵سͷȥ
ȻˣҲֻͣһ£δܵˣºȻ˹һߣһɺ͸˲仯ǧٵĽ⣬ǵسնȥ
䣡
ɰǧնӴϣֲһ˲ɽ𵴲ݣɳ졣


0450 ħ֮
˿ں棬Ҳܸܵǰɽﴫһ˿ֲսҲҿģһλһƴƫˣϣ˲Ҫˣ
˽ӽʱ䣬üɽȶˣʮλ߿ͻ֮£ͷˣƬ࣬˿ȴܹս
ʮλߣʱȴЩǱϵ磬ԭȥׯϣ˿ȴ飬ҲγѪҪǱжǱڤа񣬻Ѫˣˣá
Ųסˡһϣ
޳һһһ񽣣˴˽֯һһâԷնȥ
ѪҲǰѪɫɽв䣬Ƿɽӭһ»ɾ޽һβնȥ
ҲԥһʦĽʩչ˳ֻ콣һ㳯նɱȥƿֲ
ҲָһʱŴعǵسֶȥ
ٴξһֺɱ֮ڿ֧ŲסˣѪ죬һѪɽб˷׷Ѫꡣ
𡪡
Էһ𣬵ʱɽ̳֣̳֮£ЩУȴ˿ҵģڷ̳ʩֶΣʮλ˿ֲԶǻˡ
ɽȺ棬Ŵʱ̳֣һ˲չɲǰȥȻԳȥ͵һ漴뵽ôһĵĬ䡣
̳Уʶһ̽׼Եλúһ˲ȡ㣬Ҫýǽ㵱һΪצӣһ´ԵľУȻȥһ±㽫ʿˡ
Աشʱһǲܻˡ
Ŵʱ̳δɢȻһ˲䣬Ե޻ʩչ˽
ҪʩչôһɹĿԲŻ

̳ɢ֮ЩδҲ֪ղ淢ʲôֻ˿̻Ѫվһ档
ǳɣһ㵭âǸղͷԵԻѱߣǣǿĳЩⷨ
ʱŻعոһĻռܸպͷԼɱ䣬Ҳ׶ԸղƺСӸһġ
Ѫ΢΢һæЩŵʵû°ɣ
ҡҡͷĿڴ˿ЩǱڻϣܹԸܵϵϵŭвϵɱ
Сӡ
ϵһǱŭ㲻Ҫҳ壬ͷԼɱ䣬ոտ˶ᱻ㺦
ˡλû¾ͺá
ʱҲǿǴԲ
ϵתȥҿСӾͻңҪײָȫҲǸۣһۣͽˣ
˿ҲҪˣʮǰڣҲԴԽǲħ֮
㡭
ϵ˵ֻú޺޵һһ˦䣬ȥ
ǰŴ˿̻մѪü˴գСѲղóȻжˡ
һʱСģˡ˵ͷû˿ոԽԵ޻ߡ
ҹһбߣһȣԸĹһֻЪϢߡ
繳һ±ϣӭ洵ɽµ磬һҹĻԶɽ壬ִһ˿į̡
ģϸ΢ĽŲ𣬲ػͷ֪ˣ˵㿴ԶЩɽ𡣡
ԣԶһƬֵɽ壬һòصʹﾭһսʹʷ𣬼ʹյħˣȴʼ
һۣ˵˵ǾҪԽЩɽܻǸħˡ

ôһ˵ֻеЩ΢΢ȣԭڵ֮£Լȴ˴һʱΣ۶߷˿Щ˼صո˵Ҫյء
˵˴ɫֱ֣濴˿عͷСҪĲǣܸоĻ졣
֪
˵ͷһ·Ȼܹоǵɱ⣬ֻΪ֮ǰ£ƺĿġ
һ·һֱСľţ˷ɢһɢ˱ضץסɱ

գٴ̣ǰ޾ɽɽħ֣֮һЩطֱӴУһЩطҪʮСģⴥ˴˴ɡ
˰£ǲ֪˺δֻоǰԽԽأԽǰߣŲͱøӵĻԥ
ͣ
޳һ죬Ȼ˶ͣȥʵǷʲôˣ
ȵȡҸое㲻ԡ
޳¶Щմδй֮ɫҲס˺ϵϢڲסҲվԣС䣬
ħ֮ءˡ
ɫɷףȻǰһǰһصĺɫɽ壬һ̣岻ز


0451 Ĺ
ħ֮ءʲôط
ǰԶһɽ壬ĿҲ

޳һ˵ţһ۾˵һĻʮ˴ħ֮أΪе̰˷磬˽ģ˴˴֣ȫ
ħ֮أǽһʮֿµĽ֮أϹʱһЩħǻڴ˾þòɢͳ˿еġħ֮ء
ΪЩħ˲Ŷ̰ģҪЩЩϹʱھѾʧľ񹦡
Ȼȴ벻ﵽ壬һȥֻԽԽ󷴱Щħɡ
ÿ˶֪Ŀ£ƫƫǿƲסе˵ֻȥһۣһ۾ߣŴ˵ħлꡭ
Ȼʵȴǣ̤˵һ̰ͻ޼ɵҲٻͷˣΪ˵ؿݹǡ
һһ˾˴˵صħ꣬ôˣܿܶᱻ˺ԼľͲҪȥ룬һϹŹͷĳɽҲҪȥãһˣҲ뿪ˡ
˿޳˵˴Ľɺ˶еһ󲻺ǱѾһֻе쬵ġ
ӷ𡭡
˫ֺʮ˫ۣв˷ʡ
˺һϵŻˣڿʼ˭Ҳܵ뿪ЩϹŹ⣬֪λΣ
ͬĿ
ʱѪ˵˴ħ겻ܾţһԹʱ˭Ҳ߲ʲôҪȥ룬Сͨ
˳ĬһǴ˹ʶ޳͹ǰ·˽
֮һȻûдƬħ֮أܽһ˱ԽСҾ˴˴ꡣ
ɽӴķڣѾʮ־ԶЩڣڿЩʱ绯ˣмٲֱ
ħķڣ˵ʮֹ죬Ҳ֪Ǽ٣Ҳд˵ЩڣΪ˶ĿʵǣЩڣ»ˣԼ졣
ɷɷɷ
ʱȻһ֪ĸ˹Ū˽һŵؽ䱸
ʲô
꣬Ҫܣߡ
˼СǰУȻӰһţȴʼո˵Ǵ˿ҹֵǷڣɭɭģ˸еëȻ
ôˣ
ԵɫɷףǼ˹һ΢΢ţͣ
Ҫͣ¡ߡ
ѹüͣԭܸоʲôһ·ţȻⲻЩ¡
ǰ߰ɡ
˿ԼʲôˣϹŵҲãҲãħҲã˼ˣѵȻŵ˸
ΧԽԽˣ֮ǰ˱ҵһ֮أҹ·ѱʲô֮£ħ֮棬ϹŹԵѰȥһҲǾ񹦣ϧߡ
˿ʮλߣ˵һҲޣҲǲܵģ˿ؽӣסһ
ԼʱΧȻһ𵴣ʲôҪӵصһµʯͷ䣬±ҲѺۣҲʼѿγһ׵Ѻۡ
ߣ
˷һɨǰľʯʱǰȥȻ⸽ȴ𵴵ԽԽͣÿһ·ˣʲôҪȫƬĹһ
ɷɷɷ
ǹ֮ƽˣҲԽԽڣ˲ֻѰ·֮ʱǰȻֳһǹƣֻһߣȴ֪ͨδ
˺ԥʱ룬ֻѸ˴ȴǰ棬Ƿһ·
ʱܵ˹ľͷĹ֮£ֻǰ߾ȻһĹѨ
һ̣˲еһͷƤ飬ԭȻֵСǵģǽһĹѨĹУźˣ
ɷɷɷ
ۼЩħ׷Ҳ˲ô࣬˷һɨǰȥĹ
һ̽ĹУЩħڼɵʲôһͣټˡ
¡
һ죬ĹȻޱȣȴĹͻȻ֮ˣѾδ˶һ
ϵһԪȴ˸ɫ԰ףлΪħڣֵطҲȻԵС


0452 ʮָħ
ոͻȻЩħꡭ
ڣȻ£˵ֻҪСҪ˴ɣͲµģƬڣĹغ󣬾ͻȻЩԶأ
ԣ
ϵȻһ˿ȥǰһֱల£ǲﲻõĶ
һ˶˴˶ӣ޿⻰Ӻ˵˶һȥĶ
˶һô
ϵٴ˿ȥȻȴȻһˣԭʮˣȴֻʮһˡ
أȥˣ
ʱע⵽ˣ֮ǰ˶ڣǸոճңһˣҲ˷֡
ˣˣˣ
ʱȻˡһ˴˿ĹѨȴˡʵ˱ǹ
𣿡
ϵһĹſȥ˴˿Ҳ䱸
ң쿪ҽȥ
洫һ߼еһȻİתһ룬־֣ո˶һΨˣ
ˣ
ôԽԽˣٴˣҽȥ
ȵȡ
ϵһ죬ֹ˼ȥĹţֻصĪǲ֪˴ô˿վǸˣ׻ǲѾ˵ˡ
Ŵԣ˱󶼸еĪһһЩħ꣬ԹǺȫˣ
ˣ
ôԽԽԽԽһУôȥǵðЩħȫɣο桭
˵˴ĹѨ֪ΪΣеһ䣬ħڣ˶ˡȻ´˵ع
ϵǰһ̤ضĹţʵʮǰʱʲô
Ҵ˲׽̣ױҶʮ궤
洫ļеϵһۣ΢΢˵ͷ
˺󡣡
ϵδȫ裬ߵĹǰĻأ¡һʯŻˣһӰȲ˽
֮ϵֿٽĹŹϣʱĿϣЩ䣺ոȥˡ
Żңһʱδܸ϶ѡ̽͵
ô
ϵȻҲȫĻΪңôܻ
Ϸʲô˼
ϵһԼڻԼһ˿ɫҲһ±Щˡ
û£ֻһ䣬ȥôǣͶȥû˭Զϵ˵һ䣬ȥ
ҲĬеȻף֮ǰڻҪΪЩѺȫ˷ˣҲ򣬵ô£һʱҲȷˡ
˿˶ֵؿԼȻãĪǶңϷָ췢ģ֮ǰϷаֹϵǾϷħ֮أ
ֵطǲҪ׷ΪáѪ˺Ȼص
㡭
һʱٿĪ磬ٺЦһãǾơ˵꣬ϥȥ۾κˡ
˿һߣȴδ˵ϸĹʯϵһڻ֡
ڻѾʮ־ԶطѾ䣬ģУõĹʱֽ֣׭ִ
ȫעԼȴʶĹ֣ãźؿʵ桭дʲôѽ
ʱҲע⵽Ĺıڻ֣Ǳڻǻǰħ̫֮ϣ޳ˣҲ಻ʶ
дһħСʮָħʯڣؿ˵
һ΢üǰʯϿһۣʵСʶĹ֣
աо
ȻʯڣҲ֪ΪʶЩ֣ǴȥɱžԽɳĮɳĮǸϹżӼǸֵʯ̿ʼһжЩ̫һˣںϿħӰ·Щһֱߡ
С˵˵дʲôɷᵽĹˣ
ٴοʵϾ̫а죬ܹʯϵҵһЩǽ뿪а
ʱûᵽĹˣ룬ӦĹµ֡
űڻ·֣˵иʮħʮָħնλ񣬺һλޱߵ񡭡

˵˴Ȼüͷ˼Ȳʵ
ħս֮ãǳƣɽ顭գħųһʬħ֣ʬħΪʬ
ű֣Ȼ֮ǰ˵ʬħԭǿһʱϹģֶǿӲ
Σ
˼ȻֳĬˣٴοʵȻҲ֪ʬħֶĴڡ
ܵʬħӰ죬ϧһˣ˵ľѪ꣬Ѫ󣬷ӡʮָħ
ˡ
̲ס΢΢һһλ񣬾˵ΪֱЩ
޳ʵǽʮָħӡ𣿡
ûС
ҡҡͷű֣ʮָħͻ󷨷ӡڷӡֱ֮꣬󷨼ȹ̣ĳһԲ֮ҹǡۣ֮ʬħȻƿ˷ӡʮָħӵصƷһָشֶΣΪۣʩչ
ʩչʲô
һüЩȻϹʱڵˣ֪ΪΣȴоЩ飬Ȼʲôϵ
ʩչ̫Žɴ󷨡ֻؽʮָħӡˡ硣Ǳϵ˳һ̣Ҳü
̫Žɴ󷨡硭
һ²ֹҲüڤа֪磬˵ħ֮أн޳һ磬Ǿٳˡ
ʵǽأʮָħӡ𣿡

ҡҡͷϸű֣һʬħҲȻȥ֮ǰȴûϵʬħȻʮָħһǣˣʬħҲɢˣʮָħҲ˹棬һǣȴ˼䡭
Ŵԣ˽һ֪ΪΣһ̣һɺ⽥Ӹ˱𣬺һǣ˿̾վһǶʱֻеһëȻ


0453 ħþ
ɫǱʲôһǲڣĹ֣֪Ǻ£ҲΪԶߣǼ٣Ҳ޴׷ݣֻǴ˵޷أ
˲ҵģǰһ̤üʵСٿдʲô
ٴʯϵֿȥ˫üҲת֮ˡ
ת֮ˣ
˶һ죬ʲôת֮ˣΨ޳ڤа񣬻кˣϱɫ
üʵǸʮָħҪһת֮𣿡
ûлشʯ߽һЩĹΪԶʯϵҲѼ䣬ãŵʮָħ˼һǣҪһת֮ˡ
һһʲôת֮ˣܲܣת֮˰ɣʩչ̫Žɴ󷨣ֻҲ벻ãˣֺת֮ˣ
ʵдˣʲôת֮ˣ
ûС
ҡҡͷûˣֻдʮָħҪҵһת֮ˡ
ĹѨһ±üȻ˶޳ڤа񣬻кˣ˿̵ɫøѿˡ
ǿȥ˵ٶǰȡģӦþʮָħˡ
Ŵԣ˸̲סһѲµ֣˿˵ǸеЩľ
Ҳû뵽ٶǰǴΣʮ߽ȴֻ˳Ǹħʯأʮָħ˼һǡ
һǾˣ䱾𾿾жֲ
ֻеһ󲻺ôٶǰħڣǼλΪ붴澳ľأǽ󣬴ӴҲѶȫޣȥ˺δѵѾ𡭡
˿ʼó֮ǰʹ֪иʮֿµħҲԥؽˣȻ˿̣ȴЩԥҪҪǰߣ
ʮָħʬħӲ񶼻ʧǣħ˵Ϊ
ϵ翴˴ʱɫȻ̤һ̿ʼѾû·ǰʲôţֻǰߣкοɾ塭
δ˵꣬ĹѨȻһϳ䣬˽ɫһϵҲһ˭ʲôˣ
Ȼֻһ£ĹѨҲû˷Ӧعϵ˿̱˭ŵӣһʱЩΡ
û¡
ϵΪΣתĹѨȥֻһƬ̲ͷ֪ĹѨжǰǷҪȥ
˲ٴĹѨʯˣֻǰߣܷԽƬħ֮أ޵˵ͷ߿Ҳܹҵ·СһЩǡ
á
˶û飬ĹѨȥʱŷﲻֹĹѨһʧѾãյżƵĹڿУ·ܹԵĴ
뵽ǴȥɱžԽɳĮʱɳصףֵһޱߵϹżʹ˴мơ
ЩżණѾʱ䳤绯ڸǲһʵԪŵأһΪ۷ʱܱȡ
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ʱһ˲߳ĹѨֻǰƽ̹ûǰֹ᫣Զ֮ɽ֣֪ͨδ
հһ£ڸͷһ·ǰߣֻž뿪ħ֮أõҹ֮ʱЩħ
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һЩǿܡѾʮָħˡ
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һĺɫ٣ѾԶԶ뿪֮ǰħ֮أҲ֪˺εأãĺɫ£ֻǰɽ죬ʯᾣ͸һɹϢ
Ȼ䣬һԽԽŨԽԽ˶֪ߵ
ˡħþ
޳ɫһ䣬ȻӦ˵ȻǻῴԼ־飬סǧҪ
δ˵꣬ȴȻ֣˶Ѿʧˣտյɽֻһˣ·ʼգֻһһɿ־壬ͷ


0454 

ŨոߣתۼѾʧӰ˺üҲԷӦ
ǻþ
һɲǣʶʲôþȻǻþȴͬһʵһˣҲˡ
֪ΪΣһǳǳĿ־壬ȫ
һ·֪˶ãŨʼղɢǰҲ޾ͷʶԽǰߣ֪ΪΣȴԽԽоϤ
ڣǰŨɢˣӳǰģȴޱϤһĻ
Ĳһ£վԭأһյ𲻶𣬿Ű޽ð׷ٵԼո˼ܡ
ָ˴ˡ
ûأ׷ҰʱСĵˡ
ԷȥЩƣ磬ϴƥȥ
Ŷö˶˵ģֲ£ͻȻͶȥʲô
С溺£ⲻţٹ꣬ô
ۣһǸأǲ̫˵㣿
磬ڶţꣿ˼ڶɼˣأ첻ɽɽܣǸ˴ܣȥԺĸ￴㣿ͷҰЩóﰲһݣҲȢ˹š
Ҳȥ
ɶȥ
ȥǲȥҲס
ɶ
ҪɣѧŵķˣҪ


紵˫ЩʪСϤһĻȴֻвӰ
ʹЩ䵭Į飬ȴΨһеůĵطΨһᱻȾġ
Ȼ˿̣ȴտյġ
һˣԸȥ֪ħĻþǰҲ߲ȥˡ
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0455 ɢ
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ȻɽҲȻռѺۣһ̫죬˶ûܷӦȷӦʱѾ˲ͬĿռѺ۵С

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֪˶ãŸоϣһ̻ǿҪɢһ㣬һα޼׷ɱһ׹Ԩֲ֪ˣ±ϴθࡣ

ʶ˼Ȼȴûһ˿ӦΧֻһƬţãȻûһ˿ڿԶ϶˲ͬĿռѺۣ˷ɢˡ


0456 ǵҰ
ˡ
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ȡһö㣬ȻȻ޹⣬֮ĴѶ㣬ڣѾʧȥá
ģһ¹ϣֱ䣬ǰ˼Ȼͣ뵽һ飬ȻħþԼܹôҲһܹ
ʱ˿̣ɫ𽥱֮ǰ̫ңҲǵãƺһֱĺ档
⡭
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ҹʱҵһεɽ̽붴Уȡһʯڷסϥ£ʼ˹ҪԵԻ֮꣬ǰռѺۣҪָһ¡
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һк뿪Ͽȣ뿪֮ʱȴڴ˴ʶֻҪǿ̸Ӧ
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Сӣҿжٷ
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ΪڽֿռطȥĻǽƻ߽磬δܹδʹõô˳ˡ
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뵽˴ֻе䲻ѣǱһ׷ɱܹӹлữԹ
Ǳһ߶˶ͷǾͿµöˣ񲻻Ԫǻ᲻ֶεκ飬ȵǸӸҪ¡


0457 
ɱ红Ұ׹ǳǣѵڣûһ𡭡䣬һ˵ţһ߻ƽˡ
ֻЦ룬Ҳ˵·ҲɱѵͲҶͷ𣿿ȻΪԽ֮ˣɱ˲ŻԼҸ׵ɡ
Ǽ˿̵ɫǵ壬Լʱﻹһ˿ζи䣬ص˵棬ϷԪȴżһ㣬⡣
䣬ֻһʱһɿ磬ɻϢѹ֮£ֻеһϣæչɲֻʱܿһܣĴ壬ʶ⶯
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ǵΪǿʳԹ

һЦǲţ㣬ȴԸΪ֮ȣһ˽ģȴӲ˵⣬֮ˣЦЦ
˳ЦԼ˿ŭȻɫƽԸҲ⡣
ȴţ㡣
ϺȻһ˿Цδ䣬ֻһԾָ򲻻һ⸽ʱ𼸹ħϢ籩һ˲䳯Ųȥ
ԭոһ벻һȴǰ󷨣ô˴ħ֮ԷΨˣпߡ
ۼǼħϢ籩ͣʶСӵĵæԪħϢ籩ȥǲ˵ħϢȴġ
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һ˵ֻ꣬˫ֽ˸ӡһ˲ʧ⸽

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ءء
ŵʱǰߺȻйһ̧ͷȴǰ澹ȻֳֻһģһĹۣոջ벻۶ӣһ̧ͷȴָˡ


0458 ׹
ˡ
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վԶһ̣Ȼ͸һ˿ɱ⣬ָһָѶһâ룬ǵ溸ľžŻѪ룬ʣʮŸ
ݣ
һ죬Ѫ򲻻ǺȥȻһ˲䣬ǾɱϮһ̧סĻѪ룬͡һѪȴǾ׼ֱ

ǵʱһ˺ĲҽУһ˲䣬ֱ۾ʧȥ֪ȻľУȫɢȥ
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Сӣɱ㣡
Ŀѣɫһ±ü£δ䣬һȥߵһǵУδӦȻһϣֵ㱻ֲõ˳ȥ
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ˡ
ܲһδشȴϵɢˣʱڣ޷ٴһҲ룬һ˲չ˲ǬʧԶʡ
Ҫ׷ȥǰһѪ顱һϣʱѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ɷɷɷ
ֻΧȻۣɫ䣬һɲǣ׹˱Ԩһһθо֮
ۼʱֻһҧ⣬Ѫָ⣬üһ㣺ħң
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һ֪ںδ𣬽ֻһӰͷ˳ǺӰһ˲ֲȫֻ¡һ죬ʱɽ𵴣زǺӰ治ǵй۵Ĺ
ӰʵԭһźɫĹᦣͷһŰ׹ãɭɭѪ⣬˿Щۡ
ߣû뵽㻯Ϊ㻹ûãһССԪӤߣܰŪǱûõķ
ǰ׹һ쳣


0459 ħ
׹ȻǲǵķⷨȴѰ֮ʿķû
ȴһЩаޣѪ֮⣬Ҫע˵ľѪǣķȻѰ࣬ͬʱҲ֮Ǿ̵ġ
׹ᦲǲּķǵԪӤΪʱһŵѰ񣬺֪оһֻа顰ħ
ΪͻﵽΪԼ׹ǾйħѪɹϵʹԼԪУԼľѪ
Ҳȥ쳣ԵʣԪҲñ˿죬ԪȲҪһ
֮ǰԹΣȴδܳɹһζ˵ʵһҲ
˿̣ϵǲɢ׹ᦿһۣ뿪˴
ߣ
׹ﴫһߣһ»һУ˲Ϣ㲻Ӱ
ݳ֮⣬ɫЩɷף⻯Ѫ룬ʱѾȫԽԽ壬Ԫһ𣬽ǻƤ飬ֱʱһɭɭ׹ǡ
Ѫʩ֮˵ĹϣǻߣֻҪ׼УҲ˿¡
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ãĺ֮ɫԼһЩ֮ɫȴˣģһɹӽݻţ䰮ˣ֮ˣ˷ͷ֮ޣ
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ֻݣ׹ᦿȥصЩҴδʲô£һΣסСӣң˻ǣȥǡ
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ϻ˵ԸǲԸ
ˣͷϣгһͻƻ񣬴ﵽ澳ٴﵽ֮ʱ㽫Ԫз룬ħħʱϷΪū
ǲԸУҽסһָȥĻǣҲʡ鷳ˣ
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á
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ʱԶǧ֮⣬һ·ֻڸѰһɽδˮؿһƣһɲǣһӡǴԪ֮ϣҲɢˡ

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ˡ
һɲǣʱ֪˿ǵߣһʮĴڣǧ֮⣬ԪӡһѪꣿô죬ѪڣԼҲӲܿ죬Ǿͻ׷
Ĺˣֻã֮£ʯᾣηӹǵ׷٣
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һ߾Ͳ˵ˣԷ߻һĴڣֶԶԼ־ڱصáؼǣ޷Ѫӡǣӵﶼûá
ʱԶʣһʶȻһˣѾ׷ˣ಻֮ңѵҲ
Ѷ֮ʣԺȻһΥϤ
ʦ
΢΢һոǸʦѵԼĻġ

ԽԽһԽããֱʶٴһʦ


0460 ŵ
ʦԺɫ̾²ѱƽҲš
ķأΪʦ򣬺в£Ǭ㳢նһиӦΪһأ򲻱κ
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ʱںĵطڼкȻͣȻ˹ħ쳣׹ᦿȥôˣ

׹УȻ˹ħһƺߣ̶϶죬üʵôˣ
ҵѪ֮ӡʧˡ
ħһ±Щˣɫ΢΢һ䣺ôܣ
ܹţСվδ񣬼ǻߣҲħѪ֮ӡôܡ
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׹д˹ħɭɭɫٴ΢΢һ䣬һ·Сʲôˡ
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׹ħص˲Сߣȴܹڰ֮նϱѪ꣬δ֮ˡ
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Ŵԣ̲ס΢΢һ֪ħӣʹһ򿴲ԼҲ˾ΣŻԼǡ
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ħôһ˵Էһ֮ˣ֮ǰӴ˱ݶκ֪ڿԷֲһˣԼǽᣬһ֪ˣ»鷳ɡ
ʱ˿̣ڿʼҡˣΪס֮ǰסˣ֪Է˿ֲһˣˣ˲ڶ½ҪҵԼ׾١
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ħĵȥɣһ֮ǸˡõģӦ֮
ŴԺ󣬲ǲйǣһԶ׷ȥˡ

֮ӵƬŵصףʦӦԼΣգ˴ôԽãã֪ҪķٹǰʦܰԼһ·ֻܿԼˡ
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ͣ˽ŲʶȻֱóǲ׻𣬶ǻ꣬ȴ꣬ûʶ
߽ЩȻЩȻûʶ˿ȻųﵽһԶƮȥ
һ̣뵽ʲô˫΢һӡȡһȴһյŵƣǵƵΧŵɫĹ⣬֮ǰδ뽻ơ


0461 ŵħϢ
ƣǵɱžδԷɻɡӹͽܷⷨǼǵһŶѰ񣬺Դ˷ɡ
صԪǴλδ뽫˷ҲûôãֱտЩ꣬
˿ֻ˫ֽӡдʱâʢһֳЩȫ˹
Щһ޷ȴʺġ֮ꡱ
ȫ£ٳӣӽЩգһȻܹӵʵ
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Żӣʮ⣬ĿǰΪ޷ԵԻôֻӵʵʱܹסǡ
ȥ
һӻعļţǰҹĻֵɽһۣ˫һ㣬˹ȥ
ȥʮ죬ʮʱ棬ҵգΪ˳ͻֵܹסˡ
һЩģ˿ĳħϢɽ棬ֻһħ֮һӰСС
˲Ǳˣһ·׷ɱĲǣȻȥƺһոҪǱˡ
ЩѰգħ֮ԼЩۣһЩֵֹĹ͵Ϯ˲ΣȻδЧĽشǱ˲١
ɷɷɷ
Ȼһ紵̾Щ̫Σֱ۶һ˿ҲҴ⡣
νǺ޲ʳѪҪ֤޲ýңͷ֮ۡ
ֻҪһ뵽˶ãܽᣬٽСӵĻøħʳһ뵽ʱԷĵӣͷĺ޲ŻȥһЩ
Сӣס㣬ضãܡ
ţʹһЩ׹ᦣеħû

׹д˹ħɭɭǰߵɽȥɣڴ˵صħ֮ر˰ɣ
ü˿ħ֮Ҳԥǰɽȥ
ʱɽһɽ棬ھ˹һЩɫâԪЩڴ˴ֵԭΪ˴ֻħ֮ȴû뵽ﾹȻ˴֮
Ƭ̹ȻۣȻӦ治Ѿ׷в΢΢һ˵Թ겻ɢԭΪҵһħ֮ɽȣ˾׷벻ô׷ˣӴߣһĴڡ
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ǹƼᣬһ̣ˣ˫΢һӡһзɳ˲仯һյŵơ
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ʱҲǰâĹŵƣҲһķ
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кâһһʱһȥѷţʱͻϮŲæָһмӣ
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һ˲ļжһ򲻻Ǵȥֻ͸ſֲ⣬ȻЩʱ꣬ʹʵɷҲ࣬һƴԲɷ֣ľһ˲ήˡ
ȴû뵽ǰͻȻһ⧲֮£һƴؿڣ䲻ܵʲôشˣȴҲʮǱ˶˳ȥ
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Ŀ䣬򲻻һָ϶ʱɷأѪâһ˲Ϣ˲ǰ˫ʮƣУǺɫӰһʱ䣬ɽȶ
ǿһˣȻ䣺Ҳҷ䣬һָɱȥ
һǵУһָʱɽҡպôü֮ϣֻ͡һӱһָУʱɢһ˲仯Ϊޡ
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䣬һ˲ȥȻȴŲңٴηһȣӣ
Ȱ
жʱֳӵӰֻȫ֣ɷǱȸղŸࡣ
ǶһæͣԣոѱԼٴγ֣ⲻͨĻ飬ѵǡ
뵽˴ɫ䣬ٴοĿ⣬߷Ų˼飬ǾȺͿ־塣

ɽͲǶòɿȻȴûз֣ƬŵصһƬδ֪֮أȥĵطʲô˹ȻһƬӶ


0462 ֮
ʱ˿̣ЩƽѰ飬һָͲѵǸˣ
֮ǰڕDɣ֮飬ȻûħڣˣȻǴδӣǴ˿̴Ϸֱ˼пܾǸСˡ
뵽˴иЩ𾪣СӵʲôֶΣܽ˱ֲ𣬲ֻأ֮еĹ
ɷɷɷ
Ȼ䣬ֻ˫Ѫʢһ´ʧˣһ˲䣬ٳʱ˫ѽһѪӡ͵سüĴȥ

һֽһɫӡһ¶Ӵȥ͡һٴνӴûɢһ磬͵سȥ
ϮȫԪһ𣬿ת˫һƣʱɽһХһ·ɽʯ÷顣
ߣ
һߣ˸һһɫӡзɳ䡱һһ˲㽫ɢˡ
һʱ岻ܿƣ󵹷˳ȥ˫һţʤ׷ȥְ׹צһ죬Ҫͷ
ӣ
鼱֮£ٴδļｫٻ˳ӵ˲֣Խǵֵһ£ʵվǲǵĶ֡
ڴʱɽħ֪֮ʱ˽䶨վȣȻתоĹ˫һ̧ʱħ֮͵سǴȥ
ܲǶмһˣȴСħֻ֮ܽջأȵֵסħ֮
ħ֮ڰɢ˲ȫһƲħ֮һֳץȥ
ħ֮һ˲䣬Ѿǰ׼ݡöѪʱ˳ȥ
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һö׹ǶƼᣬδܱܿ͡һһʹʱ߱ȫ
СӣһۣϷҲһۣ
䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʶⰵвǵĶž綾æ˹סۣʱסľѨⶾɢ
ʱɽȺȻһ治֪ιʣдƬħ֮ӿǶһȻȴǿ˾һҲԥٻƺӣһ˲ħ֮ȥ
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ȥ׷ȻһƬħ֮Ѿӿȴǲȥֻǰħ죬Ȼǹȥˡ
ٴܵûã
׹һ´ӿз˻洫˹ħȥ׷
ᷳħƵҵɹǶ֮޽ҩɣʱҡ

׹ﴫһЦֻħ㶾ʱ˭᣿ο㣿ҿСӵĹͷɱӲˣǶҲܻ㣬ԱǷȰ㣬֮ǰϿҵɡ
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ǿסŭħһ졭Ҹ׳Ƴ

ҹɫֹ죬һ޹⣬ҹĻΪڣһ·ӳǧʱҲ֪˺δ
ڴ֮ǰһö̫񵤡ϴڣɽڵĶҵֶҩ
̫޷ⶾȴʱסһо綾һö̫񵤵ҩЧֻܹάʮʱҲһһҹòóö綾ģͬѱ
Ѱһɽϥ˹ɽ棬Ц촫ڸľ湦˹ⶾڻ£ڵʱɽڵĶҲ˹ⶾˡ
ʱһһȥĹ֮£ֻ԰׵𽥻ָѪɫ˿ϸ˿˿תڣɹǶĶһһ
ҹʱ֣һ紵˽΢΢һһɲǣǵ˱亮̶һкȻһ˵ĺ⣬һ˿⣬ķ
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ҹɫ£ƬĹŵأԽԽ͸һ˵Ĺˣīɫ֮£ʲô˿־ĶŻ
뿪ɽǰ˼ǹɺ⣬ʼͷ·úܽǸ֮ңǱ߹ȥʼЩ
֮Ѿ֪ֻǹɺ⣬ѾԽԽˣƺǺԴͷҲԽԽˡ
һһ£ǿʹΧһЩ֪ߵֻоǰԽԽˣԽǰߣԽǸеһϢѹ֡
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ֻ¹£ǰʬǱأÿһɽʬǶѻɣ͸һޱ޼ʵϢ


0463 ħ
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ЩԭΪƬŵ㣬ȴû뵽ȻʬɽȻ˿µһ֮ء
ѵƬ֮ءƬŵصľͷô
￪ʼЩ㷲˷ɢǿռѺۣѾһˣ˿֪˵ϢھȻһ֮أط֪ǻľκˣ
ȵȡ
Ȼ䣬ɫһ䣬˿̿ǰǶѻɽʬǣ뵽ʲô˶ĹʯϼصĹ֣дλ־ܵʬħӰ죬ϧˡôѵǣ
һɺ⳹ȫĿŵǰƬ֮أǰЩʬǣǵˣôλӡʮָħĵط
뵽˴̲ס˸ȥôˣЩʬǾȻܱǸжصԹ
صãԼȥȻħˡ
˿̣쳣Сʮָħж£Բ˵ˣٶǰô໯ֶӲһħʶ֪ħжǿ
ڣһжֻĲ²⣬޷ȫ϶ɽվһƬ֮ȥһµħ棬ôĿǰ벻֮ƣƱ˶ġ
סԭϢСȥ±ߣһʹ˿Ϣƣ˲ܲ֡
һɽصʬǣޱ޾һʵˣǺεȿµԹɷֲʱô꣬Ȼء
ǰѾԽԽŨˣҲκε˿ҲϢɣȫڵĻҶ֧ţأֻٻҶӵĿή
Уټǰˡ
ͣ˽ŲǰһƬ֮ǰʵ̫ˣѰˣѳܲסǰߣС
˼֮ʣȻһħʶɨ˳Ȼһһſס˺ͬʱڲסϵϢ
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Ҫ취ʬɽĺ棬ֻҪ֮عͬԾŵħ

ŵһɺص
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ʬɽĺ棬ͣټǰȷ㹻ŵ֮صħֻҪȲǽˡ
ûãֻһӰ˽ǲǣǼͣڴ˴ˣзЩ֣Сӣôˣ
Ŀֱӣ׷һ£ҲЪЪˡ
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ȻҲӦһɿϢȻҪߣȴѾˣֻԶһڷ˲Ϣס·
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ǶȻһѸһǰеĺ˿̾Ҳٳһˡ
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0464 ħ
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Ƿһ˺ѷεĲҽУֻڷ֣Ǻڷ羹ħ֮ҪǻΪʱȻһ˿֮ҲûУǺڷʳ֮£ıһ߰׹ǡ
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ʱ˿̣źȫһ֣ϣҪħܵϢ
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ǺڷԭǻһʱķȥˣƬ̣ɽüȻħӦٴγ˯ˣСشӵ뾡뿪
µһѰ׹ʱȻ䣬ϵİ׹ᦶ˶澹Ȼ˹ħߣ
ĿһȻƵó׹ʮ࿹Լ֮ǰѾڲˡ
ߡѪ֮ڣұܹʹ㻯ɹȲ࣬ͬԪޣʱΪܼ
׹ٴδ˹ħһĻ˵겻õ׹ᦵʱ򣬲ͬǣħԲǵգڶȻҲգǿ󣬵ȻҲǸٴﵽ
׹ᦲ֪ǺȷʵйħǷаа飬ҪѪܻȥ˯ڷ޷
ڲˣҲһµˣܿħͻ˯һλܷͺ˵ˡ
ǰ׹ᦣ֪ⷨҲ֪ħа취컯ҲҪΪǡ뻢ıƤа飬ʱ̶ߡ
ȥͬ˰ɡ
˵һ䣬һ̧ʱܳһɫĻǹħ״ʱһ׹ʱ洫˹ħֲ㡭ʲô
û˵ָһӣĻʱ˰׹ᦣȼܻ棬治ϴħĲҽУס֡ס֣ͣ¡
в塭ԱСĮȻȥ
ֻúħϲҽУҪҪҿ㻯񡭡ꡭһ꣡һ꣡
ȵȡҪߡ֪֪ǽĹؼЩ֪ˡ
һ֪һ֪һŶ񹦣Ӳˡ֪
һ֪жʮĸ˫¯֪ǽǲȲᡭǿΪ񡭡澳쾳
ħҽвϣʼĮ˲ңҪá˵һ䣬˫һ㣬չɽȥ
һĻʧǰ׹ᦣҲΪһƬҽйħ׻ҷɢ֮䡣
г֮һЩ̧ͷ죬ֻƳҪһ
ڲѾˣҲܻ˭׷ɱôӦȥģ뿪Ƭŵȥ˻ϣƺһ⡣
˼Ƭ̣ȡװŷɣ֮ĺӣɣ֮Ȼδֻǲ֪ٱá
ϸԼ뿪Ԫʱˣٿ죬ȥҲҪʱ䣬꣬δ뻹
̾Ϣ֮࣬Ǻһ紵ʱɫһɣ֮ջȥü˭
ɷɷɷ
һԽԽˣһ⣬֮صħҲ룬һ˲չ˲ǬԶȥ
Ȼ˲Ϣݳǧ֮⣬һħʶȴʼոֻǺʺȻúƳɷǿֲ
ԭԼѾ֮صħˣصãʯͷԼĽţǽˣȴ˸һ鷳Ǻã
ܣ
Ժֻһͷܵĺǣŵؾͷ֮ԽԶԽãɲЩһ´ħȥࡣ
һһ֧֮˲ԶȥȻٶȶ죬һڷʼս治š
󣬺ڷ֮дһֲֵͳʱ䣬ʱ֮ڣӳ֮꣬δӳԶҲ뿪ˡ
ͷ΢΢һɫ󵱻ϣҧ⣬һھѪ˫ǰһѪӡһ֣Ӱһ˲ʧˡ


0465 ¾
֮Ѳ֪ݳ˶Զֻǰ͵֣ƣҲû֮ǹѹָУ˴Ѳħ
ŵʱ򣬻δһǺȻԭգһ±û찵أֻ˷кƾ˵ǿֲ
΢΢һû뵽ûӹħ׷٣ѵӵõ
ٴƴʩչ˲Ǭ֮ʱȻһɺڷ洫˴ħѹδ룬Ǳ°գ
£ǹɺڷǶȻһֶֻ֣£Ǹսšȥ
šߵһ˲䣬ֻеһϣһƬңǰһڣʲôҲˣ֪ȥãܲ𽥱
һɺ⽥ͷֻص֮ǰ֮أܿ˿ƺһһʱֻϲ̷oҲѶϾ
ડડડ
ֻһ˵ĽŲصտյĴһųգǴħȥ֪Ҳ֪Ƿ⸽
֪ӲˣҹȻԷôһš͸šˣӣϥ£˹ָԪ
Լһʱһ㶯ָЩվСȥȵŲδһ϶ֽŴ򿪣ǰȴһԭŲͨ档
ͨ˿Ҳηˣ뷴ѱǴħץ˲һǴħȻûɱԼôҲ鲢ô⡣
ţ˼ֵףȥԽߣԽǺһƬɭޱȡ
ľͷһʯ͸һ޾˽ȥǰһĻȴһ˶ԭأһס˺
ֻʯһʯ̨һӰ˱˫ۣŶߣһͷ׷ɢڼؿи󶴣Ѿûࡣ
һ뵽˺£еջʱаɷǶû࣬ǵ඼ȡˣǰѵȡħԭħԼҲû࡭
뵽˴ֻеЩľʶջ˸ո̧ĽŲȻ˳ħӦǳ˯ˣʱŵ˿µһħ
Ȼոշ½Ųһ˲䣬һҲûзħȴһ۾һѪɫħֱۣ׹ԨҲҶһ£ɽһصѹ˼ܹɵġ
֮֡
ħЩͳɽһѹҵһֵ˳
ֲã֮ϣŵ˹˵ζ
ħȻʯ̨վҲûǳҹһ˼ȸеֵ׽͸˿̵ġ
֪ΪΣ˿־ħǵôˣ̽ʵ˵Ҳɶʦȡұ

ħһһĺˣ
һ壿
ɫһʦȡֶǰȡģʲôһ壬ȴǴû˵
޷һۡ
ħ£һ˲ʧˣٴγʱǰֻеһϣһ̣ҲҶһ¡
ħָһü֮ϣƬָ̺ջأȻЦȤȤ
֪ΪζЦҲ˿̵Ļʲô˼һħֿ껯ȥʬħ֮ˣӦ֮ʦˡ
㡭˵ʲô
һ仰һʱʵδܷӦʲôʦԼȥڵʬħ
ħɭɭЦôĪʲô֪֮ڣʬħħ֮
㡭
ŲĵһˣʬħԼʬħ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôŴ·֮գһŨŨʱԼֻǸӤ˶ֵסΪԼȴһҲûУ
ȵȡ
һֻ̣˻ңŬʹԼ侲һʬħʱǴοӸģʼΪᵽǧ޳ɡ۶
һǡ
洫˿ӵСӣǸСѾͷȻ޳۶ٹ꣬ͲĶˡ
ʱ󣬱ֵʮƽǧѵ츳ǧһһ죬עǰ;ʹΪԼҲûʲôֵġ
۶ȻҲ˽⣬ʦ۶дԣʦһʱüϾһ۶ӡʦ۶ģа֣޵ڶˣǧѵ۶ֻǺ޳ɶѡ
ſ˵Ѿͷʼ亱Ԫ֮ΪΨˣл޳۶޳۶֮󣬱Ҳκħħ֣ɽ硣
˵֮ףֲЩħ˶ôʦԭʦħħ޷ȾǴɽǼħͷҲʦû취ֻʩԾɱסʦЩħˣȻȥ
ʱƽһ˿Ժͬʱֻ˵ݺŸɵ˱｣ɱɱߣ־˭ɹǧѡ
ʱ˼֮ʱִ˼ᵽʬħ۶ȻҲûһ˿ɳ֮϶һָĶΪʬʬħΨһܹȾ۶ĶһʬħȾٺ٣ƾٸߵĵУҲһջᱻħ
ǵһʬħǱ޾κħ֮ȾٶħΪЩħ֮ᱻʬħһһʳ
֮ˣնʬϷҲ⣬ʬʬ񡯣¼ôնʬһ£ʬȥ˺δ
޷ǻε֮䣬ǾһԽԽ֮࣬ҹпγɡʬħħְ֮µĶõúãħɣòãʬħԣͬᣬϧţʬħ۶ҡ
˿̣ӵĻһһϸϲһ亹
ʬħʬħԼճãǸӤʱϾѾʬħ
ȫ˸ɫһ±ò԰ʦʦԼȥڵʬħԭʦͷˡ
ǡֻҪԼɣֻҪԼȥЩħ֮һͬһƽˣʹʬħΣ
ʦԼȡһϣԼһڳ֮Уš
ڤڤ֮УԼվ̤ţʦǺʱԼȥʬħģ
ˣ꣬꣡


0466 
˿̽һȫֻζӳ£Щ䵭ģʱ˿ֱ̣ʲôһܡ
ʦʦϧԪΪԼȥʬħֲø꣬ʱԼֻǸССͯﵽܣʦȴϽԼɽΪ꣬ÿҹԼʬħ
ֲáֲ꣬ÿҹԼԺ֮УʱеȴҲѲԭʦԼʬħ
뵽ֻоǱ룬һһĴУֻ֮죬ʦð֮踣ҲҪٰĻػԼԼȴԼǰԶһȥ
һ죬ʹˡӦʦ
ʦῪڣۺ£һ˷ҲЦκһ˵
ʦʦ
Ŀһʹһ̣˫ﾹˮЩ˭Įѹ֮ʱж᲻ᵯֻδĴѡ
ÿÿ뵽Ҳ֪ΪλʹǰҲնϵʦͽԵƺ˿̣ǰħˡ
Ȼ䣬ֻʲôһħþУʦ壬ʦһħģôûйĿ£ΪʲôΪʲô
ԽԽǾòֱħǰŻع뵽˿ԼħδЩ飬ֻܵȳȥ롣
£ǿнѹȥڹһˣȥˮǰĴħʵΪΡ˴
֮ϣܵһɲһϢħص
Ŀ⣬֪ħ˵һϢָʲôֻ֪Լ̫ģʵ㷽˵һ塭ʲô
ħתȥ˵ϹңǺܾԶˣϣӦҡ
ҡ
üͷһ壬֮ǰɳĮ£ƬϹż֣ǰһ̣ҲһŹʯֵ̣ķţʵΪϹң
ħתĿһԭҡ¼ҡռҡűĪҡĽݡΪϹңꡭ˵
ңռҡɿüͷʲôңǴǰһЩżﶼδЩû˭ἰ
ǣЩ鲻򵥣Ѿʧˣȴַ·𻹴ϣֻ˿ѡ
ħʱɫֽŵңһܹؽƣܹٵأܹɽλɳ̫ŵһԻʮ
ʮ󡭡
ɫ΢йӣԼԼһ󣬶һǹ˵ʲôʧһĻѵǱʮ󣿶ǰħ
ǡʮָħ
һΣѾȷǰħˣǲµûӦǹĹصʮָħһʼһλӡ˴ֱλ棬ȴһ棬ǰħһ
ꡭϵ᣿
ħЩ֣㱻ӡ˴ֱ棬һ棬𡭡
桭˾񡭡
Ȼ䣬ħ˫ѪʢΪˡ桢񡱵ۣʶңģҲһ±ʮʹ࣬˫ֱͷ桭ᡭ֮ǡ˾Ҫ
ЩʧȥʶˣæһԾˣ˿ΣԼµûˣĹʯҲûֻһǶܹôãҪԼӹȳ
ãʮָħָѣ˫Ѫ⽥ɢ˵磬ħ֮أн޳Ψʮ󣬷ܽһѺۡǵ꣬ʧҵҵģҵת֮ˣɡ
ġת֮ˡ
΢΢Ŀ⣬ʲôѵתˣδҲ̫˼ˣɾʮתˣ˭ҵõʮָħǣվִֻ̫һֱڴˣת֮ˣδصϡ
ᡭһֱڳţ޷뿪˵أֱǧǰ˯֮ʱ˸ᡭҵת֮ˡܴ򿪹桭ʮָħ˫ۣ˵š
ǧǰ
ɫһϸ룬ǧǰĻĹʯΪλǹŴ֣ǰĹ֡
ѾᵽʮָħҪһת֮ˣǱ˵ʮָħǰѾһΣһξѰת֮ˣֻʧˣ֪Ϊ˳ţӦˣдˡ


0467 ؿ
ǰħٶǰʮߣʣĸȡ࣬һ˳ȥ˻ȥҪʮָħҵǸת֮ˡ
Ȳ˵ϵûǸת֮ˣУããؼ䣬ֵȥѰҲǲܵ顣
ΪԼͺµһʮָħ취뿪ǣ˵ת֮ˣվֻǴ˵δУУʹ˿̾վǰҲϲ
˵
ʮָħۣϦǺ֮꣬ǰһΪǴ˵Ŀˣˣǧиġһۣһ˫۾׵ҹգֱ
ֱĶţһֲõԤУҪ뿪Щˣ˵ĳȥܹҵǸת֮ˡ
֮֮
ʮָħȻ괦ڳ״̬֮ʱͷԲͿһ̧һɺڷʱȥֻǰһڣٴʱǰһ߲Ĵɽ
һİ֮أ䱸ʮָħƬ̹ϲŴħͳΪɽֱΪؿ飬ܹͨɽ۴ػþ飬ȥ
Ϊʲô
ķȥħĪץɱҲȴҪͨʲôؿȥֱĪ͸
ԭ򡣡ٴδʮָħ
üͷһ壺ҪŻȥˡ
˵ͨؿ飬ȥ޷ͨ飬ʧܹ󣬽Զڴ˴Ϊ˵Ŀ顣
ֱ
ֻʣʱˣһɽؽʧ´ٳ֣һӹ󡣡
㡭
ɫ΢΢һ䣬䲻֪ħ˿Ǽ٣ѾˣֻȥͨɽĿ顣
˼ˣԥ˫һţɽݷɶȥ˰ɽʱϺȻϵ磬ǸһУûҷ
Сϵ׵磬ڻδɽۣƱʵ󣬵ȵɽۺ󣬸ʲôµĶڵ
ڣһʱ㴩ؽƣɽֻ֮ǰѷɽһƬĳĽ
ʱһӰȻһѾ޽֮ϣֻ뷢ףһɫƮһɷǵζ档
ɫһӦһλ޽֮ˣϵȻߣһ壬ʮָħڴ˴˺ߵĵһ飬ĪǴٶǰʮλ֮һ
ˣͲҴˣŵʮλ棬λ뻯۷ĸ֣һ壬ʵ֮£ԼҲûаʤ㡣
Ȼ䣬һɿɽʱƲ㷭ӿֹĿϣһڣܹҵĽͨδƿϷ㷽ͨ
£ɽ۵Χһ⣬һʮĽƽ硣
֪ǻþڻþˣҲˣ£Ҵ⣬һжһѺâĳ
ˡ
ָڽһһӰǽȥ

ķɽʱŻ֮ն˽ͬСɣ޻ΪһУв
ҵģɲʩչ˼£һӦնķɽһѰҽڣȻֻһʱ䣬ʵִ̫ˡ
ȻδҳڣǧѷɽÿһѶһţŲϱãβܹ
㻹һʱ䡣洫ʱѾʣˡ
亹ֻܲǿԪһȣӣ
һ䣬жȻӵӰֻɷƣѪ죬һƶɽȥ
ͣȻȴҲֻɢʮѷɽʣµķɽһϮ
˰ʱ䣬һʱҲûˣָһȻķɽȫͣ
ʱѵ
صɽۣʱҪˣȻ̧һ˲䣬ʯɣɽ۶ҵزƲ㣬ҲȻӿֹ
ȥ
һȣָһһɽʱƿնɿƲɵ֮һоԻ촷ۡ
⡭
һһҲ룬˲ȫһâȻ˻ֻһӣһ˳ǰķż
Ƿżһ˲仯ģʶȴżһģһΪߵһնֱӱɢŷҲڴһ˲ǡ
ʹˣδ⽣һ壬ʱֻѣһ¸˳ȥ֮ʱһѪӿ˳
ֻɽΧʮƲ㣬ѱɢؿڣ̧ͷѪڲӿ
һ̣Щŵǰߣֻǵһؿ飬һؿѾ˿ˣʣ»λظ֣ԼĿǰôͨùûκΰ취ͨ


0468 һ
ΪҲֻȥգһӣϷ󣡡
Ŀ䣬һķɽ¾£γһµĽ
һ˵òᣬʱϥ£˹Ϣִȡһٻ£ԼһЩ
Լĸʱɫ𽥰£߻վһ޽棬һҲ
ڰٻ£ƻָòˣʱվ߿һۣ˹ȥУ̫Լ֡
ۼѿڣʱһձȥ߼ǻڴˣȥۣصϷһֻ飬Ҫһԣ
ߴ˿ԾԷ飬Ҳ˵Լһؿ飬ͨˣ滹ؿ飬λǿظڵԼֻʮ
콥һ˿֮УʱգᵽʲôģвʣɽĿ֮ѣħϷˣ
뵽˴ԽƽתϺʮָħʮָħ
˰죬ϲŴʮָħ˵֮ͨɽʱ귽ȥ
֮ڡͨ
Ǹеƽֻʵ£±ʵһҲνɽĿ飬ȫǻ񼶱ĸ֣۷ںţûκϣ
ǽԪľתǽоת£ǽħаֻᣡ
֮޷սʤǣֻ֮ʵгһգ֮ʵʱ֣ᷢ޷սʤǿߣѲΪ̸⣬ǿ֮겻һ֮ս
ٴδʮָħƺȴĺһ
βҪȥδ룬εȵʮꣿʮһѷ츲أοڵĻҶӣγŵʮꣿŵùʱȥ֮ʱתʱյֶΣδҲѹˡ
ᣬԾڴˣҪ뿪Ψп֮ڵȫصġ
һʮָħĻҲûκҲû˷Ӧ
ˣȥɡ
ʱǺֿˣ޴гһգʵ֮ˣҪϷʱǲѴ֮һ֮Ϸ
һӡ
԰ЦЦһӣҪٵһӣοܣ

֮ɽɿӿΧһУԱ콣ն÷顣

һ죬Ľڶˣ߽һ˶ܿƵط˳ȥڵϣѻѪ
ҡҡͷʱûǰֱ䣬һ˿ϧѹɽϾҪʧˣȥգһӺ
ȵȣ
һ죬ǰȥȻվ˵˵ϣɽʧˣǺɽ壬Ҳһʧˣֻص֮ǰĵط
ǰƬտĵ棬ָ棬Ѫ䡣
һӺɽٴγ֣һӵʱ䣬ʹ֮Ϊƻ񡣡
ʱִʮָħţֻԲʮ֮⣬Ȼһƽ磬档
ȵȡ
Ȼһһ˲ɳȻվǱǽƽܳʮָħµƽ硣
㵽ҪһӺˣ
̧ͷ죬ָҪȥˣһȥ˾ˣͨɽвУ
С
ٴδʮָħȻҲûκļգֻǿ磬ûãʮָħڴ½磬Ѿ˳˯
İ£涼ûʮָħĶħ˯ˣһ˯ȥ˭ǰ껹ǧ֮ã
Լصȥδ롭δô죿ʦʦһɻá
ʱȥ£ʱտʼʱЩ궯󵱷Ҳܳƽƽ磬ʼԾ
ƽѾܲˣҲܲһ˿ͬʱڵĻҶӣҲǾֹһһжʮ棬δܹ·Ƭֻһˡ
һʱȥˣʱȥˣʱȥˡ
ͷʱЩԾ޹Ұʮʱܹʵһ
ԺЩˣϵ磬ǲǣѾʼ𽥴ļﵭˡ


0469 
ħһʮ飬ûһ˿һԭķҲֻǿǣȫ̸ʲôͻơ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮһϵб仯ͷٶȱü仺ҲʧһˮҲ£ͷ·һˡ
ʮʮ꣬ܣѾӲݣʱľҲѷǳܼ
ʮĿһ֡ҡֻ֮ԺЩ̵ˣҲ𽥵ˣԼѾˡ
ֹʮ꣬µʮ·˸ߵһ㾳磬ԺȻһƬǺϣһʯͷǧ紵ǧܣǧɹʼղƹ֡
һӣѾȥһ룬ʮָħʮǰ˯Ҳû
ʮʮꡣ
ʮʱĸˮ飬ЩˮܣһſһԼй켣
ʮʱܳһӰΪĵĸҲʱ׳֣·ԼһƬء
ƬУΪףƬأԻءճԣΨѾ߷򣬵ǰٸ棬ܹ֮ˣһ
ʮԺ̥ǣϢһƲҲ֮һ۱ǰ죬һǺҹһܻһ̧ܴˮɽ
ʮʱЩ񻯵ϢʼɢЩӰҲʧûͷѳ࣬ȥǱһˣǵ֮ʱһ䷱įķˡ
һӹȥˡ
統ʮָħԣɽ壬ֽǰվ
ʮ꣬·ָ֮䣬ٴվɽǰľּ֮꣬ƽࡣ
һΣһķɽһΣֻ˫ָ󣬲첻ɽȥ
ֻÿһӰʧˣһ˲ٳʱǰɿ⣬ɽЩ׵磬һɽЩԣȻա
һѹСˡ
ɽ֮һѾ޽ƾնȻվһƮƮߣǵǸߡ
ˡ
ûйʮǰʱѾȻͬǵʱҲûеġ
뵱һһεسͻƽȻûһβǱߵĽѪɻȥ

΢΢ףٿˣﲻǺ䣬Ҳϧһͣ˵ϴһһڣϷĽԹȥ
ûжԣлһѳҪֻҪѡ
׼ˣͿʼɡ߿˵

һһǽȥһûлʽҲû᳤ɽӵļƣûǾ춯صƣеֻͨͨһ
Ȼֻôͨͨһɿնɽʱѻʯһ㣬ƾ㣬ȴδܴһĽ棬飬ϵĶϣ۵ۣһ·ҷ˳ȥ
ǿ
˫΢޷Զһͷ׷Ҳһһ̣ǸемϢ

ֻķɽһ˲䱻˳ȥԭܲ͸󣬴ʱ飬ս䡱һ󳹵ױˣѷɽеĲУϵĶϣȫ˵ϣͬһ㣬Ȼ޹⡣
ãá
߲ͷε͸һ֮ɫֻЦϷ꣬δпˣһӣСѱ˾裬Ϸ̾磬˴סСѣСȥһɽɡ
л
ϲޱ˷Ƶָһһѽѻһ⣬Ľ£ڶɽȥˡ
ڶɽɽϣֻһƺΰĹƣ컨ӳУˮ֮֮ˣǰһλʮĻߡ
ǰȥ㳡棬ߵǰһͣ½ŲȵȴԼˣһһɺ⣬ӵ˳
ѵȺãԡͣפǰ
ֻǹ棬ȻһŮӵԼˣϸֱ꣬
߽УϹ߻谵ԼԼɼһŮӵӰ߽ЩʱſŮӲϣһɴֻʤѩֱ¶档
߻谵ȴҲŮ绨ŵĽˣѰ߽УֻǣҲȥ


0470 лþ
Ǻǡ
ŮЦ壬ֻ̣Ღǰɴһ˹
ҡҷˣÿһ߱һ֣Ȼܹòˡ
ֻ£һɴȴһһȻĶǴӻ߳ľһϢһ˿覴
ӡ𣿡
ŮȻһЦ˾գǴɽ䷲ӣУȴִżƤ欣ǰٻСŮĸӿ˲ģ
ء
ŮϺЦ˫ˮӯӯЩһ˳㣬֮壬˿ڱǣƶһƮƮȻ
ЩģˣǰŮӡΪЩϤ
⸺ˣһӣͰ𣿡
֪ιʣŮϺȻ¶һ˿ŭֽͷһͣ˫ü΢ӨӨģʵ̲סϧ
һɲǣȻеһʹ·ʮЩʧļƬһǰˣǡ
δδ룿
㡭
Ů̧ͷӨӨؿ𣿻˵ҪңһӣȴѾˡ
ûС
ҡҡͷһ̣ȻЩŮ̧ͷһۣȻǰһˣļϣ
ӦҡҪ뿪𡭡ԶҡǣҲҪֿˡ
ŮСţţҲһ
á
ľګګص˵ͷ֪ǰδ룬δ룬֪ΪΣʱ˿̣ܡ
ֻǡ
ֻʲô
Ů̧ͷؿδ˵ֻ꣬͡һѪѴ˳
ֻǡվ
һ̣ޱ飬Ƕ˻һһѽŮӵ崩͸˹ȥ
㡭Ϊʲô
ŮӲʵؿδ˵꣬һƽ˳ȥ
Ϊˡ
˫ۣһ仰˸γϣǻƻµһڣ갵̡̻
ֱڣԺˣ˵뿪ʱ˵Ļ

ңԪҶ̺֮֮ͬԪÿ˶ԼԪԪʱǧħҲӲ֮֡𣿡

ҿ԰غȣྭһ֮Ȼѷɣ֮ǡҪѰҷɣ֮Ҫܳʱ䣬꣬꣬ʮꡭҲδҵõҪ׼

еڶַַҲᣬȥֻӡǣ⣬Ǳ֮ҲϨȻ𣬵ʶȫޣʱʲôҲûãΨһ֮ѹȵٴ֮ʱѲ׺ɣҲǧ󡭡

ÿһ仰ǵãֻʱѾˣʮ꣬棬Ѿ췭ظѾ˷ˡ
һۣŵŮӣгȻźâҲΪ㣬ҹȥ
˰ˡס㡣
ŮӵվڱԼԭģȴһźɫѵŮӣֻȥ޷ɺڰлþͲô׹ˣ㡣
ֻһʧˣããɽۣտյֻ紵ޱ
ԥֻһɽȥˣؿ飬лþΪ̣ǳΪӡ
ֻһʯһѪ֣
ӣ˭˸£
ǰĴ֣ʱʯȻֻǳλ˴лþһнΪ󣬵ȴ侳һ㣬󲻿νˡ
һֶģǳΪӣݹ䣬ֻ֮һ໹淽µһ塣
һ壬һһҹǳɢȥһ̺;ֻ֣īɫ֮£һӰգߺڰݺᣬǺڰ
ֻЦСѹԲ޹ǰأס㣬ͨƼԶʯûУ˴Զʯָȥ
ӣ˭˸¡˳ȴʼƽ޲
û
ڰףָָǴʯ˵ӣ˭˸£ΪСܹԳұСͨ
û˵ʯǰȻһԾָɷ棬ʯԭһֵߣһ֣
Ϊ֣Ц


0471 ħ

һ£ֻص˵棬ֶ޷Զһ̣þȻ쳣ȴǺڰһЦ
ֻڰƴЦããһЦСѸΪ࿹ǳɾޣһأͨˡ˵գֻһþʧˡ
л
ɫʣ˵ǰһ̤ٴλһ⣬ɽȥ
ֱ֮ʱ˳ͨǰصĻþ飬ֻʣһˣһʱһʱȫδͨôҪٵһӣͷ
֪һصȴģֽο飬ֽǺηڵȴ
Ų첻һ·ɽۻþڣһǰؽͬǰɽٶЩƣһɽȴЩ죬ûκνơ
ûнƣûΣգǻþȥֻǻþһӰֻӰΪοȥЩϤ
㡭˰
һĮǻþ˹ȻҲ˵Ϥֻ˵ת˹˳ãһģһͬǣ˵ֻĮ飬κθ顣
˭
˫üһǰˣԲֻǻô򵥣֮ǰڵڶصʱǸŮȷʵǻûδƭǰһģһˣԲ˭ûġ
ңҾ㰡Ǹ㣬Ѿϲ𣿿·ˮ£˫ôǺǡ
ֻ˻վһһ˹
ô㡭ô
ЦĪôҾǸ΢㣬ţ˺ϲˣȴΪЩ˵ɣЩ˵ɱ¾ôı΢ͬһ޷ٸһλᣬ᲻ǶɱˣǺǺǡԣû޵񣬰ǶɱˣֻҪǶɱˡ
죡
Ԫһһǰ˴ȥȻһ˲䣬ȴʧˣֳ
ɭɭЦôŭʼɣޣû㣬㿴ң˵㿴Լʱ޿̲ţɱи֮ˣѵ𡭡Ķô𣿻лδ룬ߣֻɺ𡭡ǲҲɹǺǺǡ
סڣ
ϺȻɱָһһƥնȻնϣȴʧˣȻ۳һӰ
ǺǺǡɱңΪֱģ˵Ŷˣ壬СĵطҪȻ²¿˭ѪɺӡֻǲȥɣǺǺǡ
죡
һնһˣȴ󣬾ͷ·Ӱһ
ɱңΪӰӣҲĵطҿһУأǣܹȥ𣿺ǺǺǺǡҵ㣬Ԩһ죬
˵ӰʧˣЦҲľ֮УʧˣֻɽԴ
ǰ˼Ժ￪ʼոǵӰ˵Ļħ֪
¡
һ촫ɽ嶼Ȼʧգֻصԭĵط
ʱҲٴδʮָħ˵֮սʤǰĵˣֻʵһ죬ﵽǸʵǿУѲ֮С
̧ͷ죬֪Ӧøлħħ棬Ҳ޷񣬵ʮ꣬Ѿ˻
ֻȴľ磬һα֮䣬˵ʵ񲻻Щˣƻ֮ˣȻֻαѡ
ڵҪԸǣ׾١
ɹˡ
ٴδʮָħ
ޱ飬￴һ˿仯ƽصҲԶʧȥһЩ
ǿ֮·пĳﵽǴ˵֮ٻعͷʱ֣ᷢʧȥĶֵһᡣ
Զԡϣƽص
ô겻ʮ꣬Ѿ֮˵ٹǧ꣬Σɻǵõĺɽˣ֮ԣֻǵáڣعͷʵʲôҲδʧȥ
תֻһƲ֪ʱѾʧˣгһѺۣѺ棬ʱһģһ˿ޱ䡣
⡭
΢΢һʮָħ˴Ϊ֮ᴴ򣬴һӣȴһգˣȥɡ
ŴԣֱЩţѵʮֻ꣬һζʱ䣬ȴ˿δߣ
ʮָħӡ֮ˣΪ˾һλ񡭡ҪѰת֮ˣ뿪
Щ𺳣òƽ˵Ѱ֮ˣδصϣȻʹ˿̾վǰҲδϵó
ôҲѰȻҲʶ
ʮָħЩãϺ֮УȻѪܵࡣ
ǵ˵࣬ᣬǰɡ
𣬿ϵڡ˵꣬һԾǿռѺ۵С


0472 
صʱѾȫˣֻǽɽȴȻһɭɭգմʮָħ˿ħڣ򣬵⸽ѵбʮָħµĶ
οΪʶʱʲô£ֻ뵽˷ɢգһ֮ãҪҵϵˣȻҪɱ
֮ǰʮָħһӣΪһҵ֮ȷʵǽ˶ˣ˿̴ӻþļָֻͨͨ˽֮ǰʮ꣬˿̸оһζѡ
ҹɫǰߣһ±ϣĿԶʶһ֮̽⣬ΪʶȻҲ

˿һɽ棬ֻһӰɣһЩƣһ·ֻܱӣȻڱ׷ɱѾŲ·
¹⽥ԭһǳѵŮӣͷ󺹣£ϵҲʪ͸ˣǱˣ
ˡ
ţѲ֪ܵˣǰƺѾ·ˣһɿµĽϢԼԼ͸ǿпһЩΣ֮أһЩϹޡ
ô졭
ǲֻʧ룬ɫɷ˿ߣȻ˻ңȴֻһˣӹ˵׷ɱ
Ҫ֮ǰڕDѪкŹѾˡ
ڣҲֻŹˣһֻ꣬ܵҵǣããɽ룬ҲȥѶҲʧˣҵõǣ
ɷɷɷ
ʱȻһ͸ȻһҪ֮ʣǺһӰѾ˲Ϣ׷
ɫ䣬Ҳ룬ָһһɫ˳ȥ˷ʱХѣǷڰԽԽ󣬾л֮һ㣬һ»һɺ˸˽ȥ
¡
һ죬˷Բڣľʯһ˲仯촷ۣҲһźһһչʧ˲ãҹɫ֮С
ãǹɢɢ¹֮£ٲȻϵ硣
ֻķָÿֱ죬˰ˣǻ鷳㵽ôǺǡҵҪǶٵ䣬һһ˲ʧԭء

ҹ֮ʱҹɫˣһ·ӣ֪ӵЩɽ֮Уżյأǻһ²ϵҲЩצ£ֻǱħ֮ɡ
ûֱ£ǲħ֮޷ħ֮ȥԸϵ磬Ҳ޷ڲϢЩȥԸϵ磬ΨԻϵӣϵѰˡ
˴Ѳ֪ģǰȻһ¾ڣһ·ˣô졭
ʱǺϵ׷ŵûʧɫһӣһ˳ȥһ»ϵС
Ȼ֮ʱһӰȴ˻ȥ˾Ȼϵ硣
㡭
ȻһǲԶĺȥԭģֻϵһѡ
ôûзô
ϵһЦһƽ˹
ʧ룬һֱȥȻû˼ȴһѾ˵ʯϣҲ·ˡ
㡭
ɫɷףҲЩףΪʲôϵһҪɱΪϵ֪˵ݣϵ磬Ǹڹֻܴһ
СӺܴϧţһΣûһܹӵóȥ
ϵɭɭһЦԽԽˣȻסֵĿӣ̲ס
ԽˣϵĿԽǲϴƿһЦô㵽ڻָСôʵɡ
˵˴ȻĿһ䣬Ҫǹ˴δӣͽСƬˡ
ŴԣֻеȫһֻֽץʯҲҶһ¡
ϵߵǰȻһЦôɱˣʵЩϧĿʪ͸ϴȥ
ضţʱһ㡭ʲô
ʲô
ϵһЦٶǰʱü˫ͺϴ󷨣ֻ빦ɣܳħڣĽƣ˭ãƫƫأԼǸʲôö޷ǲлѡ


0473 
ϵ˿ԣǵѣ벻ƽ￴ȥ󲻽˴ͨĻаթ˺¡
㡭ô
ʱŵɫ˴ɽҰˣһϵͻȻԴ󷢣Ҳֿˡ
Ǻǡ
ϵһЦԽԽˣЦҪñһ޷֮£ڶ˻Ϻ㲻κ֪ôڣ㽻һƻԪȳȥ뱾ͺϴ󷨡ģҪԱ֪Գȥ
㡭
ҪǿԼΪ˫¯ǻһϵ߽һЩô㲻ԸôǲԸԪʬҰΪ˴λҰǧħַҲκֻ֪³жң㵱ɡ
˵֮ӲøˣϽһ˿ѪɫҲûˣϵɭɭڴ֮ǰ˫޹Ʃ硭ǸСӣ
¶֮ɫګګҡҡͷ
ҡͷϵȻ˷۷Ź⣬Ǽ˿汦һסͷЦããȻǴ֮ԪǴûһ˿ʣܺáһأضУ
㡭Ҫ
ʱĿ⣬ŵû겻壬ϵɭɭһЦ˴ˣ㵱֪·ʪ͸ˣ㻹ϣѵˡ
һ֪ҪԼʲôҡͷֻ۾Ҳһ¾ˮҪ㡭Ҫ
ͬĻҪ˵𣿡
ϵȻЩǾʧ룬ҡͷŵҲҷֻᣬϴϻ䡣
ǴǰҲˣֻȴ֪ΪΣԺһֵģȴǸİӵģЩ䣬Щ飬·Զɼȴһֱߡ
ҪˣҪ
ɬ᲻ϻ䣬ϵʧȥģһ䣺ҿǾƲԳԷƣ
ֻһ죬ץסѣһ͡һѶ˺
Ҳͬʱһ˲䣬ڰһ֧â¶˹ϵСľ裬ɱϮһ˲䣬㽫ͷһݡһһ֧վֻǴͷϲ˹ȥ
ʲôˣ
ϵʧɫȻ壬ڰһָ顱һõ˳ȥʱת񹦻壬ֻһָ֮£ˡ
ֻڰһӰ˹˲ǱˣȻδû˭Լѣһӣסӡ
˭
һ·ͻȻټҹͷͺӶ࣬ģһǰЩϵȻûһ½ϳ뵽
ڴˣҲûʲôؿһֱɱУָһѸײڶ֮Ƴüĵȥ񵱳ָɱһ
ܵʱϵɱжȻһʵ벻еУޣѵǹˣȴȫ񡭡
£ϸ룬һָ㲻ֻӲӣֻһֱ̧ʱɫ磬֮һ׵磬˭һƴУôҲҪش
ͣ
һ죬ʱѪɽЩϣϵһƴȴƶһָ㴩ˡ

ֻƷһ˺ѷεĲҽУһ̻ӦһƴؿϣʱһѪ˳ȥ
һɲǣϵڿȴҲţŶ̶һʱ䣬ΪͻȻ˿ֲˣ
˿̣ϸ룬ѪһʩչѪݴ󷨣˲Ϣʧˡ
ΧתžδʱֻΡ
㡭˭
һҲûϳֱ߽֮ʱŽ壬ȴҲţŶ̶һ£⸱ģˣҸոǸˡ
û°ɡ
ҡ
һ£˿ǰ˾ˣܻˣΪֻԼŻ˵ϹģȴҲôĮ顣
ҡ
һ˺˵ʲôȴһϿҪиոܵίȫ޳һ
˺һƽ뵽ԼҲô죬ſϿʵ̫ѿˣæɿͷЩ˼صԡԲ𡣡
û˵ʲôԶȥˣȻһУȰ·ϣǰߵ㡣

ʶԼϴŵѸոձϵ˺ˣͷһƬѩ׵ļԭɷ׵ӣһ¾ͺһƬæȡһѳϡ
վһ±ߣ˺һŴӺŸոǼѣ뵽һĻʱȴǵͷҿ·㡣
ӹѣ˵ȵԭϵǺ˴ͨǸˡ
֪
ﲢʲô仯ϧոûɱ˴ˣôˣؽ鷳


0474 
ڡô죿
˫ü΢壬ֹ֮ɫ˵һϵһҵˣȸ״Ļֻ¡
뵣ġ
ԶҹĻµһɽ˵ȻݣֻҶ֪û֤֤˵ˣοҪңǲ
ǡ
룬ˣԼ¸ʲôأ뵽ոΪôߣͷҲôˣЩ֣ʵһ¡
ߣ˵
һۣʮָħ飬Ҳûʲôģ£˱ǰɽȳȥ
һ·ϣ֮ǰ׷ɱʮָħһ˵ˣò˼飬һӣȻħؿһӣֲ˻⾳Ϊ
㡭
ת񳤳ͷǳĺӣħʮ꣬ʱ䲢ޱ仯˸һʱڽʮ꣬ǿеİμ尾ġ
Ŵ˿ǰɣӣҲ֪ΪΣǺȻһ£뵽ʱڽʹ;ȻǿҪ̲סһԭһ
仨飬ˮ
תȥǰһɫʣ¹⵹ӳˮˮƯĻ꣬ӳ
ɡ
һͷɢĳǰʱ¹ϣĶһƬһƬˮĻꡣ
á
ûжԣӱȥѰһʯ£ˮ沨ԣӳģȴҲǸˡ
ȡһذף޼һһǺȥˮ仨
Լʱֻص֮ǰģ˿ȥ֮ǰʲôˣһЦˡ
л
˵ͷ漴Զȥ˵˴֪ɢ֮жԶ뿪ɣ취ҵˡ
á
Ҳٶԣ㼴뿪˴˴죬Ѿ֪ɽȻû˵Ӱ
ʱһȣ˴˵Ӱ룬Ѱȥǰ취Ѷָ˷ܸӦڡ
ֻɽɫʤգ컨ӳЩˣ벻ħڣȻҲ֮ء
ʱˡ
ǰһߣöҡ
ת֪ҪԴ˵صĳָҲԣ̽ϵȡ˳ݸ
ӹ㣬ֽԼȡöһ𣬱˴˸Ӧʹָļʸ
һ֮תоĹ˴ԴԴϵľԼһֻöڽָ⣬һϲˣָˣ
ֻöٶתϢȻȻͣ˸Ȼ˸Ӧö㷢
ӦǹˣӦǴ˿ˣֻҪɡ
ⲻ˸ջ˹Ⱥһֱĺɫ֮ʱżһɫַ˲仯һӰ˵ǰߡ
޳Сѣˣû°ɣ
ǹˣڴల£˿
£أ
ǰһϢʹȥһǰ𣬹˿˿˿ܸоնЩ֣ȴֲ֪ںδ˵ǰߣ
˵գֻһɨһַ磬ȥˣֱҹʱ䵽һɽϡ
ɫʮʣɽӳյøһɽǰֻ߳Ӱ֮ǰʧɢ޳ڤа񡢺£мޡѪˡӼˡ
ӷ𡭡
£˫ֺʮһš
ϴһ£Ͽ˿һЦãû¾ͺá
ˣȴϸϸ˼һշɢ֮ʱϵͬһռѺۣŮû£ϵ粻ˣδЩ֡
޳͸ˣһշɢ֮ʱǷ׷ɱȥˣڲǲˣȴúõġ
˼¶ɻ˵Ȼڶû£Ǳá
ȵȡ
һȴѪֻĿϣһɻ֮ɫ벻ͬһѺۣôֻȥˣ


0475 
Ѫ˴һ˵ĿⶼϣյȥƺЩ̫һˡ
˶֪벻֮ĶԹò׷ɢǶҪɱģúúõģȴˣδЩɻ
һԵ˿˶˻ɣЩ˺һŵˡ
˵ʲô
ѪһԲǵȻΪȴû£
ôǣʱɫ糣׷ɱңһ֮أҲûг
ˡ
һ£˸ɫǵΪΣǲǲ֪˿˵÷Ƶʵ˵򵥡
֪ΪΣһ̣ǰˣ֮ǰˡ
ǡȥ˺δ
һΣѪȴվԱߵȥĿԼֻЩڣղһ·ĻȫˣϾûΪʱһĿ£һʮֳصѹ
˴֮ͨǰǵλã͸¶ˡ
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޲죬漴˳ĬãѪƣʶ꣬ΪѵҲӼһЩȴ˴ͨ
Σ˲һ˵
ЩϣѪǺ˵Ŀ⣬ЩΡΡȴӭĿ⣬ܲ˵ʣһǰǲһˡ
ˡ
ʱ䲻ȵص֮취ȥѾˣִȥûκ洦
Ѫȥһݣ˵Ļˣ
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˺һ޲Ͽһʵ֪޳ʱģʲô
һٴȫ˹ղԣвţϾԲǺϵΪôҲһ¶ûС
ɵȻɫƽµصǸħˡ
˵ʲô
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Ҳû뵽ѵǸħֲһǰЩ̫һˡ
ûǸħˡ
ٴ˵ɫȻԵʮƽǲô콫ʮָħһ¸ˣȻǽҪ׷ʣ˵Ҳ޷ǲܽһӵЩˡ
Ŀһȥ̽ʵ¹ش󣬽ϵ˵ЦСѵǸħˣ
˶ý޽üͷЩţǸħ˿£Ǵħ㵱û˵ѡ
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Ȼһ˵꣬һ˳ʱһֻѪܵ࣬ڡͨͨš
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˽һΨ޳ͺ£ڤаͻȻʯһվԭһҲտյؿڣһҲ͵ؾʹ
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񵭵һ˵ţһһ䣬࣬ʱڤа˷ȥ
һĻԹ죬ʮֽţ˶Щţ룬ѵǸħˣ
Ǵħǵûɱ˳Ѻ˵Ҳ˻ֱ˼飬Ǵħʲôϵ
һ̣񶼱òһˣִּɵǿԿ϶Ǿʲô֮ضˣ¡
뵽˴˲еһ󵨺ɱ񣬵صùġ
һȷӦ벻޳¶һҲܳȥڻҪ˺п뿪ħڣ˼ˣ˵λǻʣ
һأû˵ˣ˵˵ͷȥ֮ǰЩһˣʵ֪޳СѣпмƲߣ
ԶҹĻֵɽ˵ѾûǴħ·ҪȥĻ뾡ȥ򿪿ռѺۣǳˣֻռȻ
á
һΣҲٻĻˣ㻳ݣٻ˿̵Ļϵ˴ͨôҲȻ֪˽λãһռȻǶԣʱΣˡ
˽֮˵ȻûЩֲޣﵽϹŽƣһвЩĻȫʬһ
ǰ浽ˣһЩ
˿ɹ˺޳ǰǰ棬һʮĽϢѰ֮أܷ˳뿪ħڣȫڴһˡ


0476 Ž
Լʱǰһ֮أԭһʮˣ˲Ǻϵ磬ֻʮˡ
ġ
˺޳ͣǺεΪܹӦǰǽжֲѺڣƫƫǽģҪͨѺ۳ȥΨȥġ
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ǰһƬƣüĿǰֻа˸ߣ˵ֻǰ˸ߣ˸澳ǿߣҲδظǿȿ½ƣ⣬̼ͻҷҲ޵þȡ
ͨѺ۾ǽģҪȥѺֻۣȥġ
޳ԶƬŽƣ˵
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ת˿ˣ˵˳
˶Ĭû˻ȥԴ򿪽ƣһѪ˺ȻȻһˣһˣͶһһɹᡣ
ֻĿϣ֮ǰһ·ʲô£˶ȥ󣬵ڿѪ˵˼Ҳܹں濴ˡ
һˣһᡣע֮£ֻ˵
á
˵˵ͷ˻Ӷȥ˵Ȼλûôһ򿪽ƣȥ֮ٴͨѺۣұһ£һ̤УҲûκ·ǿǶˡ
ȵȡ
ºȻվ˳˿˿ˣھͳȥ𣿼ȻûǴħ·ҾãǻԼ̽Ѱһ£˵ܹҵһЩϹʧؼҵõЩϹħµġ

ڤаȻĻ˫Ŀ£ȥѰʦˮɣ
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ԽԽ˭Ҳ֪ǽûбȴħӿµĴڣٵЩ澳ĸ֣һȥأѾ˵ʲôǽ֮ǲȥġ
ֻ뾡뿪ħڣȻһҲҪٽˣɲҪЩʲôϹŹҪЩʲôħУҲȥ֮
һ̣üû˲õЩҲûԸȥģĬãȿڵӲյأǽδ֪֮һЩϹŴУϾǴ˿٣óȻ룬ֻᶪ
ͬĿ
ʱվ˳֮ǰһֱ˻ɣϵ粻ˣҲࡣ
ֻ¿ȥü˵֪ϵʦ˿óȻħڣǲûкô֮뾡뿪ħڣŵܣҪôԶҪô͵Ƚҵȴңһ쾳֮ʱٻ̽
˶֮ڸΪʵ̫ͣʮǿҪټ̽룬Ƕԣûκκô
ˡ
̾˿תǽȥ˿ڵѪһʦңΪﵽ֮һ죬һٻҶһҪҵ㡭
Ҳתããͷȥޱ޾һ﾿ʲôܣҲȥˣֻ뾡ȥȥδ롣
ô²˳٣ھͿʼ𣿡
޿ˣ˫ü΢֪ѾȲҪȥҹζ࣬;ַʲô
˴ƷͬСɣҪҵСһ϶򲻿ɴ⡣
һ˵ţһ˻ǽƴȥˣ˽棬ֻӿһϢڳǻ֮ˣҲеʮϢ
һЩ
Ƹ˸ҵģɹ˺޳ǰ˽Ȼ˹һһ򿪽ƣ˴ƾһװҩľͰֻвͻὫըûҷ
ʮһһڽдһ϶һһƶֻмľ룬Ȼһʱ䣬˲ĵ㡣
ֻһźںԼԼһѺۣǴѺۣͨΨһͨ
ڵˡ
Ĵ˿Ǵ˿̣ȻҵģҪ֧󷨷ֹƱһҪСͨռѺۣؼ֮һ⣬ܿʮ˶档


0477 Ī
ڿʼ𣿡
޿ˣһ˵صĹŽѾǴһ϶ڿ˳һ˳ѷͻʧȥ֧ţ½º£
Ļٴһ϶ˣҵһĿռѺۣˣҲ꣬궼ҵһѺۡ
Ǽǰһʼˣͼû·˱Ͼֻٲ֮ء
˿˶ĬȻѾأ֣صص˵ͷã²˳٣ھͿʼѺۣסһʼͲͣ£ʮ˶ߡ
ӷ𡭡
˫ֺʮֱ˷ʣֻϽһѪ˫ҲѪ죬Ҳûа֡ɮӡ
ţҲԼĹۼ˽ţҲ䣬ǽţµȻʲô⡣
λѾǾ͡ʼɡ
ҲٶˣȫϢһһɺȫʱƷӿֹ
΢΢һԭΪ˸ߣϵͲЩ֮ˡ
ǾͿʼ
޳Ҳٶԣת˹ڤа񣬺£޵ˣԥ˽
¹شҲţֻһ󣬴֮󣬴˴ȶһЩ˲ſʼһһͨռѺۣʹ֮泩ͨ衣
˵һռѺֻۣҪҽȥȥ棬ҪȽѺ۴ͨȷͨܽ룬ҴȥֻǿֲĿռ֮£ֻԶʧ統Уֱ
ʱ䲻ֹ֪ȥ죬˶ޱȽţֻҪͨռѺۣǾͱȻܹȥڴ֮ǰѺλ˸ҵӡˣǾ鷳ˡ
ʱһһȥֹ죬Щ˴ҲҴһڣҲ˿ҷ񣬾һֱʮֽŵ״̬
ŵʱռѺ͸һ˿һ˿ȴѰ
ͨˣ
ϴϲȻ˿ܹܵˣǾ˵ѺѾͨˣȴǸ֮ʱѺۼͨҲǿռΪҵʱһ⣬롣
Ǻǣǰǿɻ͡
˾۾֮ʱȻһӵЦ˾һݣϵ磡
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ֻϵɭɭ֪˳͸ŹЦشƶˣտȥƺѾûʲôˡ
ʱȻ棬ϻ͸˹Ц޵˽һ𣬿֮ǰ˵˾Ȼ˴ͨ
Ȼû£ΪǰҵȻϣ
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ʵڴ֮ǰ˵֮󣬲һ䱸ĶûУԺһ·ڲͣ任λãԷϵ͵͵
û뵽ʹѾôСˣ˵ϵ籾ٴҲܸˣȻ޳ƫƫ˾͸
ˣ޲ĵϵ粻˴Ѷƻٲľء
Ǻǡ
ϵЦһǻϣǵСӵĻһ·űͣ任λ𣿱ǻϣֽɱˣٺٺ١ô𣿡
˵֮ϸһ亹ֻʵ벻ͨ˾θǵģ޵ڴΣպôҲѣÿɴδš
ô
ϵһЦЩѾǲˣôھȰһ롭
£ֻһ̧ǲյĺƣȻһƬף¡¡ǽƴȥ
Ƭ֮أʱ͵ŵûɢ޸ǻʧɫϵ磡˲ɣƬһǻɣҲǲǣס֣
ٺ١ˣͷˣֺŹӣھͬھɣ
ֻ棬ϵ״񣬲ȥȥ˷治ɣ
ѪϵһΪҪãʱҲɫ侲ҵȲǲ㣬ֻǡ
ֻʲôٺٺ٣ѵûҪɱӣ˵ˣǸŮĲ˵ˣһʼͲӣǾһɣ
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ۼƿҪһûܹųȥŵĵѣκδʱȴɿ󷨳ȥһɿƾͻһ˲ûһӵóȥ
ɫұ䣺ˣˣס֣ˣ
ٺ١ˣڲ𣿡ϵЦ˵ʱȴûͣ¹
ŵɫҲã˼ӦãӦĻ˫ͺϴ󷨣ǾͶܹȥˡڣԸˣԸһͺϴ󷨡
һΧһϵ粻ͨˣԭڴ⡣

ϵͷЦȻĿһӵ㣬ȴ߸ϿӣԸˣ
Ը⡭Ը⣡ԣ
ŵľѣҲֻʩԻ֮ƣȶסϵһѽŪʱˣֻתĻᶼûˡ

ϵЦѣݺݵھ͸ѣӵҪ߸ϵǲ࣡

Ҫ󣬼˶סˣȻֻǳôƬ̣⸽ֿʼֻ棬ϵ羹Ȼ˸һƬƣ¡¡Žƴ
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ŵûҲҲֻһҧСҲȥˣֻʣΨһССסǽ覵ӡ

ϵʹ죬ͷЦ벻߸ϵԭҲнһ죡˵ЩӿˣΣ
ǿ˳һǱϵŵģǴ˿ǰ裬
ϧˣɱӣӽͺͬھ
ϵȻ۲Ѫ˿һ˵꣬ת񹦣һȥһ£Ʒǵñɣ
һ˲䣬Ҳڱɫ֮ԱɫȴΪϵƻƣǸڹϵ磡˴ͨǸˣھ͸վһ


0478 ռѺ
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һ죬ڽ棬ǻһ㣬Բʮﶼ
ʱ䣬ؼ̳һ˲佫·ϣѺпȥɫɷ׵ҪȻ԰ɣ
У
ҲѱɫѺۻһŴͨڽȥǶ֮أ
ô죿
ڤаҲˣϵ翴ȥϵ磡˲ɣ˴Ʊǵײ֮£Ҳҷ𣡡
Ǿɣ˭Ҳȥˣ
֪ΪΣϵһǷһףŽƣǻҲҷۼƽʧɫ
ʱ˿̣ȴ·ʲôҲʲôҲԺﲻظţ˭Ǹڹ˭ǸڹǸǡˣ
ϵ粻ڹ
һ¾˳һ죬ץȥȻѾˡ
˲ֻʧ֮ʱΨһˣ˼װֻʧ룬ʵѾһѪ˵Զ
⧲ʱȫһѪ⣬Ҳͬʱһ˲䣬ץȥѾˡ
ͣ
һ죬һѪѾؿڣδӦһҲûѪһ¶ؿڣˣǷвеȥ
һĻ̫ͻȻһ˲䣬ѪѾѪʧѺ۵С
ԭϵ粢˵ڹһֱ룬ܹ뼧˫ޣ޳ͺϴ󷨺ǿƿħڣĽȥȻ꼧޾̫أټϿδܴӦ
ӴԺϵ취ץŮӣȴ˫ͺϴ󷨣һΣûҪ˫ޣΪ˵ڹֱ𽥷ִŮӷͬһ㣬ܹ˫޳ͺϴ󷨡
ϴηɢһֱ׷ţ˵ʲô˻ȫȥЩֻΪ˸¿Ŷ裬ĸԸ˫ޣʹһʼԸ⣬ֻҪ˫֮ԻĸԸ
ĸڹ֪Ҳֻ֪Ҫͺϴ󷨺ܹǿͻƳȥͲָڽҵʲôѺ۳ȥֻҪǸڹڣ˾ͱȥֻһһ壬ձһ򾡡
ĳ룬ͻȻɱļƻͨͨˣò룬һ·иˣȻ˶ĻȻɱģʱеĺѹȥԲ˴˿һĻ
ڣҲڷӦˣǸڹԭϵ磬ϵϵõѪˣ
˶ΪϵǸڹ˭õѪ˲Ǹڹضʧˡ

һȥֱסҲ룬һ˲䶯ó֮һɴ֮ԴԴӿ˽ȥ
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ؼ͵˴ѾˣǵռѺҲѾˣһ̣ϣҲܲô࣬ƴһҲҪȥ
ֻѺ۱һɲǣ˲Ǭʩչ˼£һ˲Ѻȥ

֪˶ãۣȻ˿ȴ֪ںδ֮һʲôҲûУ·һƬգ£ǳɽֻһһ֪΢⡣

ҡ»бŵȻʱϢѻԹȥոֻѪһѪⶴѪѪȻһ˲䣬ֶ˲ڿһ˿ϢҲûˡ
һʱѲˣܿ˿֪ռѺˣһƬޱ޾ĻգûǳʲôûУҲڵĻ㲻ֲĿռ˺֮ҲֻƬлΪޡ
ҪǣҵһѺ۳ڣֻصħڣҲƬãһѺʧˣԶҲȥˣˣȲ
ڡڡ
ĴţβҵڣѰң±ȴѣʹʶܹ̽Ҳûãޱ޾ΪһƬûоĸ
ֻȥѰңõĻҲҵˣãһֱֱԪľĹ⣬ȻʬҲΪޡ
֪Ѱ˶ãѾȥһ£ȻûҵѺ۳ڣѾʼеƣûѣ˴ûһ˿ָȥȻԪݽߡ


0479 ֮
ô졭
ܻһƬЩƣ룬ƬĲԪУνţһëƬҲ޷ָٶԪҲкľһ졣
Ԫľһ죬ȴģôֻˣƬ֮УʮָħĽ棬ȥ˶ãҲ͹ȥ˶ãȥ꣬Ҳǰꡣ
֪Լֹȥһ£ǰһ£ƣˣҲʼûֻȥ棬ˣת
ƬʼûоͷҲҲڣһ΢⣬֪ǴӺδʹԴ֮ƮȥҲˣƽǰʵҲЩ
ϸѪ˲˴ͨǸˣϵĳ֣ҲѪԤ֮⡣
ѪʩչѪǿ˳ȥŴ˿̣ѪѾӳȥˣȴʹƬռѺ棬ħڣ˺ͼЩΣ֪Ҳ֪˿ֻ뿪Ƭա
ʱţԽӸеԪڼ٣֪ȥ˰꣬Ƭ˰꣬ʼҲڣʼʧƬ֮С
һʱѾ𽥿ʼѣϵѪɫҲڿʼˣڳڵȱˮȱƤҲʼϻѣѾ࣬ȥֻ
ΨһķֻΪ壬˷ʱ䣬Ƭգʹȥ꣬ҲɢʱҲܹҵڣȻȳȥٶһ
ĿǰõķˣҲܴΪ壬¶һҲ˵ܷҵһʺԼҵˣΪҲ
ĻȻֻܴ֮Ϸɣ֮ЩСٴƮΡ
ڣһ
ʱ䣬ֲ֪ȥ˶ãƬգޱ޾һգѾܹԸоԪѷȥ֧ŲסˣֻȥԪƬա
һûþˡ
ͷ˯ԺȻֳ˵DȵһĻĻ˽ǰŮӻߣʧȥǶʱգǰŮҩҩ
ڣûа취ˣûа취ټǰƮΣһʼҲ֧Ű꣬ڣ֧Ųȥˡ
Բ𡭡
һһֻеһĵʹΣ
ڱۣɿ˫֣Ȼɿ˫ֵһ˲䣬ȴȻˣĵصӡ
κʱһۣ˫ֿǰһ죬ץס˼Ʈߵ

Ҳû뵽ԭΪ֮Ѿ޾ˣȴû뵽ʱͻȻˣԼߣֽɱкηֱɱһԼ

ʱûٿô࣬һѾʣԪڶȥȴһץס֣ҡҡͷҪ˷Ԫˡ
ոա
̾ټ˵ȥˣոգѾˣҲɿѾˡ
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һЦɫЩ԰ףЦﾡˣһݣֻ᲻أҲ֪
Ҵ뿪
ٶԣΪͻȻ·һǰƮȥѰѺ۳ڡ
Ҫ
ҡҡͷ԰ؿң߲Զġ
һΣû˵ȻǰƮȥֲ֪Ʈ˶ãһƬûоͷֻһ֪΢⣬ȴѰҲԴڡ
ޱ޾棬֪ΪΣ¶ȿʼ½ˣԽԽ䣬˵ϣһ㺮˪
ҡҲˡ䣬䡭
ѱһıǣ˵ҲûˣȻҲѱǡ
ǰһƬ֮ȴԽԽ䣬ȥ˶ᱻƬռѺûҵõǣҲû˾ȵǡ
ѡǰ棬ǰˡ
ʱȻǰһ⣬һ϶һͨķ϶
ҵˣǰǳڡѣ
һȷǰһһͨķ϶ֻǲ֪жԶ룬ҪòƮȥ
ѡ
ҡ£ȻһΣѾûˣֻһɱĸо˳


0480 ֮

΢΢һһɲǣȻʶʲôֿϢǰһ̽û˺ؿҲѾû
ˡ

˶סˣһ̣Ǳģֻеһ޾ı˺ʹһʱ䣬ŬȻûܾȵջˡ
δ룬ֵΣ

ͷ԰ʧȥѪɫӣһǰһƮȥ
һʱȥˣǹԶ̫һɼ
ʱȥˣʱȥˣһֱʱһˡ
û¶ȣȻûнſʬҲҪȥǿɽĹһڣȻڱϿ֡
һǰʣԪһܣȻǹȥ

ʱ棬һ֪ɽ
ո硭ңҲˣܲˡ
ãټһҿͼǰ棬ǰ棬ǰ治ԶһԨԽħڣֻҪħڣǾͰȫˡ
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ո硭ܹӽħڣôطѾǳ׷ˡ
ңһܵģֻҪӽħڣʹ׷ɱˣΪɱǣҲˡ
𡭡
ŮЩӿͷһЦңħڣȻΣգطֻҵһƪϹŲо޳񹦡
˵˴ȻúΪЩ꾡ľֻܣҪɱڣ㵱湻ݵģĳգؽ𡭡
ܣûлˡ
ӻδ£Ǻ󷽺Ȼһǰ˽һ˲ŵĵѡ
Ǻʹߣ
־֮ɫһŮǰɽȥǺ棬ֻʺȻƲ㷭ӿֹһƲ˳
һ⣬˲仯һµߣ΢һͬسɴ磬һ±ǰ˽ࡣ
ǰ˼ʹ׷ɱŵľѣǶʲôһޱΪҲͨͨʩչ˳ˣӹ˼ɽ
Ǻ棬ʹȻ׷ᣬȻΪǰˣϵΪˡ
ʹ׷ŬʹԼʹ㵽ҪΪյΪͬɱ㣬ֻҪŹҶˣҶ˾ҲˣȻԻȥһ㣬Щںδкβá

߳̾ԣҽǷǣȥһõΪ֣ѱһΪ˵ˣҲ˵ˣѵ֪𡭡䣬ָֻһһɫʱǰȥ
һǵУ˲䷴Ӧһӣһڹ⳯ȥ顱һǺߵϣǷ˲١
һڹⲻ֪ʲôȻʮһϵ֮ˣᷴһˣ
ãߣ
ѺʹʱˣҲ룬һ˲Ůӣǰȥ
Ǻ߱˫ĿһգȻֲõΪҪɱ㣬Ȼѡ̫顯ƪҲ͵ˣúţֲҪӽħڣ
ֻһɫ˲Ϣ仯һӰ׷ȥ
ԼӺͺŮѾ֪ܵ˺δֻǰһԨϷַԲʮһŨŨħϢȻѰ֮ء
ǰˣá죡
¶˷֮ɫȻԨȥһ͡һӺ涴ؿڣѪһء
ո磡
ŮӴʧɫתʱǺʹѾ׷˵ʲôһ͡һؿҲˡ
㡭
Ѫ·ߣŮϾǲʣȥһߵķɽûлĿܡ
䵽棬һֻ䣬ոɱȷʵأûԭģΪˣվȻǴ˵ƪ̫顱˳
ΪΪֲҪұ뽫˵ʬأԭˣȴûиңϲⱾؼ֪ˣ֪㱳ϹŹǲҲҪɱˡ
ߺȻɱҪȥʬʱǰߵԨȻһ춯ţħϢһ·ӿһɿµϢҲ͸


0481 
ʲôˣ
һ𣬻δüʬսԨһɿֲĿռ֮ӿʱ㽫Ѫ˳ȥ
ǡ
˵δ񣬱ǻҲδصֵùȿֲۼħ֮һҲ룬˲仯һâԶȥɲҪϹŲƪҲЦ
Ƭ̺Ԩħֽ֮ȥţֻһӰ˲Ǳˣﻹӡ
ˡ
࣬Ҳ֪Ǻζ׷ɱħڣշתЩִ꣬ˣֻǡ
˿ͷûкȻһʹһУȻǵԼǵԨһ졣
ֻգûܽŴ
Բ𡭡
ܣҪʲôǰһԾĿһɨȴⷢ·ߵʬ塣
ȵȡ
ɫһֿȥһ̽Ϸ¶ȣȻãҲո뿪ѡ
ԡ
һüʮٴһ̽һ̽Ȼ֮δȫϨ𣬻ôһ˿˿Ϣ

һֻ̣ɫޱȵأ˿һɲǣ뵽ʲôоˣ
뵽˴ٲԥʬһһ˲Զȥˡ
ԼݳѰҵһεĹȺŽʬȥһԡ
˸ã֮ʣһ˿ûϨҲǳ˵ġû͸һòһԣ˵֮תƵϣӶʹϾԪԭδ
֮ǽʬҪ죬ҲΨ֮֮УҪĲʩУǡǡ
׼úٲԥ̶ʩչ˲һһŮ֮𣬾תƵ
¡¡
ϺȻԭգһ̷Բ֣Ʒӿֹɽ
죬ǿת֮
һһҹʱԭǸطǺȥСصԨʱȴպʬ岻ˡ
һͬСɣĴңȻʬҲ⸽ѪȷձȻѾˣʧ֣ʬ壬ôͲˣ
ѵ졭
ֻͷ亹ʱϸԨ¾ʲôֲĶһΪҲеľ
Ųֻʶȥһҹһֱհ죬ӲͷƤһȴպ˵ʬ岻ˣǺã
Ȳ˵ҲҵõǱϹŲƪ̫顱˵ʬȥҪν
Ԩߣüȥ˵˻֮£ʧħϢԨʬ廯ΪҽУΪ϶ţԶɣȻΪԼ̫顭ô졭
߼ԭֱת֪ձƴҲҪ˵ʬߣصãʬ岻ɣǵĻȥ˲ǵΪȻô³ͻһ
µ񡭡ֻˡ
Ȼ䣬ֻһ캮âţӰһʧԶ

Ĺ棬˹һҹѰ֮Ƕ֮ŵʱպ֮𳹵Ϩˣȴһһ㣬𽥻ָѪɫͺ
˿ֿ̧ģֻһɢȻȻܹǿ̶ȣֻˡ
˿ϵʬ壬˲֪Ǳɱ֮δȫϨٻɱԪ񣬵ڱ֮ȻѾ͸ˡ
ˣЩΣϾزʶԩ޳
ȡȿȡ
ʱת˹ָѪɫۿ˿һ
ˣ
˹ȥͷŬۿ˿ʱȻԸеЩľҲ֪ǡԼѾģѵ
ǳˡ
֪ɻǲԸٸ߲һ£˵죬ǲųġ
աԡ
ͷԣָоԼѾˣΪʲô֣ܸоﲻԡ
⡭ǣ
ֱ˿̣ע⵽ϵʬ壬Ŀһһ¶˾ɫȻϵˣôǣ⡭


0482 ֮
ϵǣ
ʱ飬Ҳ֣֮ǰҲ֪ʲôݣȴʶǣѰ֮ˡ
ҵȻϵãֻôᡭ
ֱʱϾɫȻûˣȥ鿴һ¶ϵ˿ڣʱ㽫ϳˣϸһ¾ࣺǺʹǾȻǱʹɱ
ʲôʹ
üͷһ壬֪˵ʲô鲢򵥣Ҳǵֻɺϡ
عʹǵΪˣһգһҲǵΪˣǵΪΪʲôҪɱǣ
Ϊ
΢΢һȻǵϴ˵ĵΪΪ˵ˣСʱһȫɱˣǱΪȣӴ˾ͳ˵Ϊɱֱ֣ȥ˵顣
תͷӦǻǵãǴħڣ˵ģǱΪȣɱ֣Ȼ˵ˣպͬԶֻڰҲֻеΪ֪ҵݣպǲͬǵǹģǵΪ
˵˴̾תͷŵ˵ʬ壬˵жôĽ˵ݣΪǿվ̫£˼ǶҪͷҡԶֻںҹһҾͱʧڿǺǡ
ɫ԰׵ЦЦ˵ľΪȴ³ߵʱ򣬶ǰԼĻԪʯ˳ΪԶ߸߷ɣǵΪŹǡ
˿ĵ˵ţ֪ΪȻʲôˣǻԪʯӦǷԼһƱԪ
Ԫˣһ˳ȥʣΣգ˿˹ȥԮһƻԪˣǱʾЧˡ
˵㵱ҲһԪڵΪ
أȻһЦҵıԪڵΪҪҾҪҾô¡
û˵
ҡͷһЦ˿ȥˣӦǰԼĻԪˡһ˵ţһ߸ȥ˵
ȥȴѳһöƣһöɫʯɫʯ棬֮ǰıԪڣȻͱѻԪˡ
㿴
źɫʯ£ҡͷһЦȥյأƺͺɫʯѳˣѵһؼƪ
ǡ
ĿʱⱾؼ棬һҳһҳĿھķʮֹ죬ֻһоѪӿֹԺǳһĻһĻֵĻ棬ȻüĽϣ˫ҲԽԽ죬ǺȻñ飬Ȼ߻ħļ

鲻ԣְ̽ļϣһɴԪ룬žѹȻһ亹
Ҹոա
亹ٴؼȥһ¶˲˼ľɫԭⱾؼǡ֪ˣΪεΪҪɱˣԭǾȻⱾؼˣ
ʲô
˫ü΢΢һ壬ȻҲؼЩ֣ոֻǿôһȻ߻ħļδҲ̫Źˡ
ؼƪòƽ˵ǵΪõؼƪҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬴ģǴұȺ󣬺д˷
΢΢һ˵ⱾؼӦǵΪھǶʱ񣬵һұɱҲʲôΡ
Ҳ֪ԭⱾƪ̫顯ϹʱڣһƪΪᣬؼɢ˼䣬޳̫飬ȴܹ
ֻһ˵ţһ¶˷֮ɫؼƪҲЩˣϹؼӦϽǵΪȴһֱΪУҲκ֪Ǵ֪һֱװʲôҲ֪ɱˣû뵽һΣȻ˵˳
ԡǴҪⱾƪ
ڴĻ
ҡ
Լһԭأ֪λشˣһؼǵȻҪˣѵҪΪɣ
㷽˵˷ȴ֮ճ
ҡ
ҧ촽ʱȥĻУȷʵôΪġ
̫飬飬ܳҾߣ䲻ܳͼǶ
תȥ˵


0483 Ϊ
Щ˿̵Ļ־÷·ôתնܲô볤㲻ǶȻ˳ֺ֮ն
ҡ
ձ˵ƿˣڲһջᶮڣֻǺòõⱾؼľˣʱΪȻͻͽ
˵ʬ˰ɡ
ʬ忴һۣϾûгԹȴһ˿֮ߣ֪Ѿһˡ
ȵȡ
ؼСպãֶ˿ˣ˵ǿԼٰˣˣȡڵѾˣûĻȥ
˼һſһƱԪڵΪ
ҡ
˵ʲôȴֹͷʲôҲû˵ʵֺγûԼǱԪ
ҲҪȥˣǱϤ˳㽫Ԫûˡ
΢΢һ̧ͷ˼ǾҪǿдӵΪѻԪûˣתһ룬кβɣ
Ϊİѱ̫࣬±شҲţҰִ󣬶һлΪԸΪΪѴ֮һ˵һãûԼıԪҲõ
á
뵽˴ҲԥˣֻҪٰպģȻǶ˵ƣŹݣ˵ʱǿˣʱΪˣضŵð
²˳١
̴ȡݵߣҪֵطֻǵԻû֮۷һ۱ʶƣΨɲ˲δƽɽݳģƭˣ
ȻǴӻδѧġ
Լһʱ˾ϣͭԼģȻ˸ֱ߳˿һ
ʱ̧ͷȴȻԼԼ¶һư׷ϲɵ΢΢һͷ
ô
΢һüʱע⵽Լһư׷뵽ʲôҡҡͷû¡һ˵ţһ߽һư׷˽ȥ
ȴЩ֣һʱ򣬷ûһư׷Ϊʲôȴ
ˣˣȻ뿪˵ء
һ˵ţһȥ棬֮ǰʱķħڣľһһںò׳ˣȴֲ֪ΪΣͷ·ʣˣʵϲŸոտʼ
ƻ轫ʱ˽պʬˣȻյͼָǰˣҹĻʱȻ뵽һ飬ʵˣ֮ǰϵ硭

ʲô
΢΢һձѪˣ£֪ˡ
תͷϵ粻ǸϸѪ˲ǡ
˵ʲôѪˡ
ǾˣǸϸϵ磬ôһ¾ͱѪˣô˵ԼˣѪˡ

΢΢˵ͷ˵ѪˣһӦаˣǻƮ˰֮
ꡭ
Щ棬ԭΪֻǻԹȥնѣû뵽Ȼȥ˰꣬꣬Լ𡭡
߰ɡ
ٶ˵չǰȥعҲȥ
һʱ䣬˲շתڵĵһ£ȻҲƣ˹Ȼȫ̵ڶ½ĿΪֹй
ȴ벻֪˴й𷲼һҹҪóȻ֮һзħڣɣֹ˶½֮٣ʵȴŪɳ׾ǰ˶½֮ҵĵ
£ⶫ½֮ʲôģܶ½ĻңֻĴ˿Ҫΰȫ뿪ڵˣǿǲܵģʹлΪҲǿóȥ
ΨаļƻȥΪ취õһöȻö򿪸ķ˳ȥĵط
֮ˣʮ壬ж˶ռʮ߷壬һʮ壬뱱˷ͥ񣬷ֱһʮ塣
ÿɽΪ׷壬׷һλµıǸڣΪ˳ȥ׷壬ʮ֮һΪ塱ķλȨء
֮ʱϵΪ壬Ѿݳպģû˿һ·㳡Ҳǳͨ衣
Ϊɳʹ׷ɱպ£Ȼûκ֪պǵΪ˵ȴɵΪ˵㡣
¶˷Ҳ׷ĳ֪жΪ˽ɱˣǷ˷ο˲Ƿʲôֻ˵ΪܶѣΪɱڣϼ
˿̣һص֮УֻһµߣϥĿڵ֮ϣ֪ʲôаܹΧƣһѪ⣬Եù
˲ʲôˣΪķΪ
Ȼ䣬ֻۣͫѪһָֻȴǼ¡
ƪվֻǲƪʣµһƪġ
˿̵Ϊ䣬뵱꣬Ϊ˵õǧеƪ̫оϧգǧţȻֻǵõһƪо
һƪʵǲ֪ǧҲںδұеطҲҲ
ƪоͽˣʮֲʹ졣
ߣ
ֻһߣøӺˣصǧңŮһ벻ЩȻһذףǻҲҪ㽫һƪоڣ˵


0484 ̺
֪ȥãһбҲ񷣬ص棬ΪԽԽ䣬úʹȥ׷ɱպˣڶ˻ûϢ̫оǴ֮ĵ˲ܶȥʱд鷳
ડડડ
ʱһĽŲˣΪɫһס˺صƽû˿׽ʲôˣ
˵ʱѾתһɫԪţֻ˹ȥʵǺʹΡѰף
ûаʱվڵģȻǱˣݳպˡ
ʱ˿̣վοǵΪҪŷ˵Ϊ˵ûһţҲǲܵġ
¡
һ죬صʯŻˣվŵʱΪʱһһ±ɫôţ˿պ˻վǰ
ԣ
Ϊһ·Ӧ˹ǰˣպȻ֣ԷһϢѹʱһɿϢ£һɽѹϣֹͣˡ
㡭ǡ
Ϊɫ԰ףΪȻδ񣬵ҲԶˣԼһѾߣҲδܹ˾޴ѹ
ǰˣǸһޱȳصѹ˿˿ỳɣԷֻҪһ
֪λǺηǰΪ壬֪ν£裬С˱ضǡ
Ϊһľţ˿˼·ʮǰ˼ȻܹˣҪɱȻٴȥʮס
֣òһжӶԷķԸȴɵò²˵ʲôˣݳպģѵѽ̫о˵˳ȥ˾Ϊǲо
뵽˴ΪǸе亹乣оֻһƪһҪһƪȥѰңҪҲԷ᲻ɱ
Խô룬ΪԽǸеֲѣȴǿţ¶κλ֮ɫ
΢˵ʲôԱȴס䣬ǰһߣסԼʵΪ㣬̫Ĳƪ㵱ǴӺδѰ
Ȼ̫飬֪ؼ⣬ıһ֪˭д˿֪
Ϊһ˹Ϊ̫ϸ亹ֱ̫飬ǧҵļǧҲ֪Ӻε
ǧҳˣȴδκ֪֪õΪ֪ˣ˺ŲҰǴǧһҹֻһδŮܼҴ˳ȥ
ǧŲҰΪּ޻˵ʱǧҵĳ磬˰ţɱɳȥˣ±ǳˣҲûκ֪
Լ֪ű𣬾ǵΪһֲ߻ЩڹѵΪˣ˲£ɱ˲ˡ
˿̣Ϊ£׹ɺ̶һһ˳ȥ»Ҫʹǧٱ
ϾȴΪһ˽ɱǧţ˻ңΪ֮λȻҲ벻ֻأԶǰյɭ
㻰˵
˿̵ΪԽԽţʱ֪Ȼ򵥣ΪѰ˼ԣʶںȵ
Ϊһȣʱ˹һ˲䣬Ѵ⣬֮£Բؼգػٲ˵ҵλ֮Сǧ塯һҹңһؼرãҵʱô£̫أһĻҲ˵ˡ
ǧ塭
˫Ŀ΢΢һ֣ƺӡ
ǰ
Ϊҡͷ̾һϧģȴһЦʵһǣ
ǧѣΣǷһ
ģһȫˣΪӦҵģǷҲöˡ
ǧѣǷҪġ
⡭㣡Ϊ㣡
ǺǡǧѣǸˣֻˣŲῪ˵
㡭ԭԭǧңġҡ㡭
ĵȥɡһ޶һչ˺ǵġ
ҪŹǣʲôҲ֪

ص֮УΪҡͷ̾˵Ҳ֪ԭǧѣΪƪ̫о׷ɱۼ޶Ҳ֮֡


0485 
˵֮ƽ޲ҲɿüͷҲʲʲôˣԼһ⸸׵ĳɱҲ֪ôֱš
һΪˣͷ˿ֵǧѽҵؼֻвƪǰͽˣڡڶλˡ
˵˴һ̧ͷһµӣҡֵλģС˾λǰҪǱؼֻλǰ𽫽֮˵ȥϾ
Ͼúʹɱպ񡣡
ȻصһȴסˣԼԭ
Ϊһʱǿ˹һĿŵǰˣ޷ع૵㡭
ôʦôͰͽ𣿡
Ȼһ˺ϵߣΪǶȻһôħڣʲôʱģˣѵڕDȣɱӵǸ޳
ˣԭлΪܣ֮ǰлΪᱻ׷ɱȥħڣ֮󡭡
뵽˴Ϊд𣬵ǲΣһܹ϶ģҪȡν練ơ
ʱ˿ֻ̣е£ܹõոһֱվԼǰˣȻ
ոǽʵ˵˳ֻ룬ľ²ѣ·׹ޱ޾ĺԨ
ǰһߣصЩ꣬Ҳ˲ٵ£ûģҲˣڣҪһƱԪ֪ɷ񡭡
Խ˵ԽǺ䣬Ϊһͷãáһ˵ţһһУصʯһ϶һԶ򿪣һöɫʯ˳
ΪöʯСȥһֻ˫Щ΢΢صװˣǴ˿ǹɺ⣬Ϣ
ʯУȥõӡԼԪʯ˿ԥָһ㣬һƱԪһü֮С
Ϊ˿̧ͷˣ˿̸ɵѹ̫ˣãżΡΡص֪λѡкηԸ
䵭ص֮ڣҪһö
ʲô
һأȴǸΪһҪʲôһ֮Ҫȥ׷峤õһöҲʮֲ׵ģ˵ñõģ
ôʲôô
Ŀ⣬һ±ú࣬Ϊһ˿ף˲ֻɱԼ練ƣԼ˰ѱǲķԸȥôһַԼء
ûû⡣
ΪֻӲͷƤӦʱ۾п־֮ɫΡΡصֻǡʱ䣬ʵִ̫٣ôȡѡɷ޼գ
գͷ
䣬̬ȼΪ΢΢һҲֻõ˵ͷãá֮ڣС˱ض¡
ס
俴һۣǰֵ⣬ûκιϵΪ֣ĳһǧַ
Ϊһ͵̧ͷлֲ̿Գĳ˱£ѵǡǴ˵̫ңԭһĺˡ
뵽˴Ϊǻ̻̲ͷãáʱ뿪
ļգΪʼջ̻̲գһΪһ£ɱڣǵĵ֮գʲô֪һ֪ˣǡ
ԽԽǸе£кȻɱһ֣˰гȥͷһ뵽Ǹˣ˸ҲҼͷȥˡ
ֱһ̣¹ȴǺ˪صȺ±صΪҲˣʲô
ҹʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲȴǵΪˣֻҴҽ˵һöɫƹȥ
ӹƣ˿ȷ޼֮󣬷ǰΪһۣһʮĻҪ˲֪ǼĪΪ
һ仰ѵΪŵֽվԭãҲҶһ£ʱžѹѱ亹ʪ͸ĺü죬Ҳ겻ᡣ

ʱԶ˵ĵҲԭװ켶򣬲ûжʶǡ
ĺɫ٣ǰ߲֪ǺδͣԵ˵ҪȥˣҪȥģ
ҡ
̧ͷĺȽȽֻһֻƲﴩһʱ̣Ȼ֪Ҫȥˣã˵ĸ֣ȥ򡣡


0486 뿪
ߡ
Ҳԣ֮ǰʱķȥˣڸȻǰȥ磬Ҳʡȥ鷳̫谭
ºִ˵Ĺջص˵ؼһհʱƹڡ
ĺȽȽͣң뵱ﱻħ׽̵ʮ׷ɱʱӵӵˣȴֻǺϵѣδ
ʮָħԣгһմﵽ߾ʱٻعͷᷢЩνǿУѲֵһᡣ
ǵħصʮ꣬ӵһΪֻڣֻǳ˻񣬻δ񣬲ʵȴѾȲЩαǿ̫ˡ
ҲͣƹȻϤòϤϾգҲô
ȴǲٻˣѾΪ޹أ޹أҲ޹أǰһУϣҲκκ޹ء
ûлؼңߣǸ壬ܸõĻȥѾű𣬵еĳޣȴδ
ÿÿҹ·μѪһ𡭡ôĳˣһš
ҲƴǸܼˣϰһºԹȥҵλܼңǸܼңͷ·˼ʧһҲûϢ
ôˣ
վԱߣ죬ѯʵ
ʱŻعҡҡͷûûʲôֻ뵽Ǵ뿪ģ뵽ˣЩˡ
㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ȥˡ
ҡͷһЦתͷ˿˵߰ɣǰߵĹؿڣ̫

΢΢ͷ˱ֶǰǱߣֹ˰£ֻص˵ĵطյһЩңѾˣֻصĴꡣ
뵽˵ʱʶĵһˣƣ˵һ·뷲Ҳǹˣȴ֪ںδ

Ļƻ裬һҴ󴬣յĺ棬Ƿƽ˾ںϣֻĺһֲбңĴŴϣһ֮⡣
תؿʱգ˵˵̲̣ʱ䣬˾˿ȴǵ˵ꡣ
Ǹ㣬ھҪô
ˣ档
źһҴ󴬣ллִȡһȴ֮ǰķż֮ǰħõһֻڻʣֻ˿óһֻעԪֻżͬӵ˻һʵ
ǡ
СľżˣϲԻطķż벻š
עһԪΣʱ̣ٳ
һ˵ţһ߽żݸ·ܴ¶ȣ˵ͷ֮ս˻
ˣԵټ
˵һ䣬ͣ˫һ㣬ԾҴϣԪһߣֻʱ˷ˣʻ˺ϣӰʧ˺ƽ档
Ե
ϦµĲӰ˻֣һ̲֪ΪΣ紵ʱֻЩտյģһΣ뿪ˡ
ҲҪȥԼˣҵ꣬ŵס
ֻȡһǵյõġ̫顷ƪƪһ֣һ֣֪ġһ˲䣬ֻĵ˫Ȼһµĺ⡣

ϵӣַζʱ򣬻˰ʱŴƬھ뿪ԪѾȥ꣬ٻȥĻٿ죬ҲҪĸ¡
֪ʱȥ£ʱʱںУĹ࣬ٶȻҲ࣬ҹʱֽŻغ棬˹
һ𣬽ƬӳյòԣĴŴϣ͵
ڴ˫գ˫΢̧֮ԼԼһӰϸӰһȴǵħڣնɱһͷԡ
Բ֪˶꣬ʵ˼䶴澳ȣʱشűԽһ޻ҲԽסˡ
ãۣͷѾһ亹ЩԹΣȻ޷ϴԪԵԻ
һΪ޻̫ǿΪĿǰʵֻеȵ֮ʱܹԻ
˼֮ʱȻһ𵴣û⣬Խ𵴾ԽңЩԾ


0487 ħ
𵴵ԽԽңһɲǣҲӦ׳һʮ쳣ٲԥȥ棬һֻ̣ԭƽĺ棬Ȼ죬һһĴŴҪҴƷһ
ϴεľ飬֪鷢˿̲ԥ˫һţУٽһӣǴֻ˽⺣
ڴ뿪һ˲䣬ϺȻһ޴Уףȥֲֹ죬ᱻ뺣ף顣
ʱ˿̣ܵ˺һ쳣ǿͬϴκϾμΪѷǵɱȣǲҿ̫˵ǧе쾳֣ҲС֮
ʱȻָӦһһȴǴӺ״ͬϴһɳĮ񵽵ʯ̡
Ǻɫʯóһ˲䣬Ǻϴһʯų˵Ĺ⣬͸һ޾ĹϢȻһ˲䣬һɿֲϢʯ͸˳ɲǼƬʹƬֲѡ
ֻᷢʲô˫һţ뺣棬Ҳһ˲䣬ȻǺ׵Ŀֲһ³ӿʱɿ
˰֮ײһ˲ܹҷԪҲ벻
ֻ֪ᷢʲôǺ׵һ˲䣬еʯ̣Ȼɫ⣬һɹϢɲǼ͸˰ʮǺ׵Ŀֲһ˲סˣ
һĻͬȻϴһģһԲǧؾ䣬ããȻڲֹԭҹĻգһ±˻ƻ衣
һ޼ʵĺ˺½ӵĵط˳½أؿʼݣɽǳȻ޹⡣
һʧʱ
УҲȻµĴڣɴħˣϹһɲǣȻȫߡ
ħ𡭡
㵱һΣʱ˿̣ǱǰһĻ𺳣ЩһʱħΪʲôǰ
ǣЩħȥǻ󣬶·ʵһϢ˿̶ܹ֪м١
ʼ𣬵ħ棬ʮָħ˵Щ䣬̫ңһǳλĹ󣬿ʧ
Ҳ˵δǼ٣ͬ˿ǧħӰ˭õ
ʱħӰȻһɲǣҲȻеͷʹѣԺ·һԼԼĻ˻ħ¡
ֻħһǱʲôΧתһħϣһȫǴ˿ħ𣬽Ϊ
ȻħһĻǿģֻܹܵһɹɿֲϢӿ
ڿҪܲסʱϴȡ˵ֻһ¿ʯ档
һ˲䣬ħͨͨʧˣҲһʧˣָƽһ죬Ƭӳյòԣƽ͡
źİǺɫʯ̣мĺɫѪһ̶ȥֿɻأʲô
ΪʲôԼ߻ЩŵħӰΪʲôԼӳʱͱʬħԼʲôˣŴֵ𡭡
潥ˣһһصԽԽŨԽԽ롣

ʱֹȥһ£˼ǳ￪ʼ΢΢Щ⣬һ£ٶȷУ뵱ǶСˡ
һչʱվڴͷϣѾܹԼԼٺС򣬻ͷĴ
ǰǴҴ뿪ģֻˣģûκα仯
ħصʮȣٻصյѻΪյСͯѳѮˣ±ǨˣȴȻǵ뿪ʱģ
ţɷ֮ңʹﵱʮһҲѲ˰ɡ
ɣĪгһգҪնϺ쳾ǣųֺгһҪɡ
ͷˣСƽ괫Ժ󣬸г֮ˣ˿̼дȻǰפΧ
ҴûмǴ˿վڴͷλƮƮһˣϰȴһ۾ϳˡ
ԷȵΪӢˬģϰ˶ԭأ֧֧˵ţ㡭ǰλС硭



0488 ȥȿ
ͷһ¾ˣʹǰûҲ˵ǴиҴִҪѰɽһȥꡣ
ʱǡ꺣ϲƽϵ˶Ϊ˻װʱһãҲˣ񼸺Ѿˣ죬ȴͻȻܲ棿
ò
һԾǴͷɵ˰ϣһ󾪺׷޵˺ÿṦ
Ѱˣ꣬ôҲЩ仯統ᣬϰ岻ЩˣֿһҴȻϵóǵȥҴˣĪС磬ںѰٵɽˣ
һʱ䣬Χ׷ѯںʲôǷˣҲһһЦ˵ȷʵЩƽλǳ㣬мҪߵ̫Զ
ֱʱ뿪Сֻص˵ٺɽ壬һʯȻ±ߣߵһ죬һҲûиı䡣
ʯͷ棬ᴥʯͷϵı뵱죬Ȼʯͷ棬˲⾳
ٻصǸпÿÿħʮ꣬Ȼֻж̶ʮ꣬Ȳʯڴǧ꣬ʮУ·Ҳһ
ֱĺɫĺϣ뿪ֹ죬ŻصȺɽʱһбңǵõ˼ȴδȳһ⵽׷ɱһ·ӵ
ʱ꣬ˣɻҵõɽֻ񣬹˼ȴѲ
ĳˣֻˡ
ڵķһֻ̣ȻЩԺﲻ֪ΪΣħɽ棬һħѵûгһҪȫɱ𣿶ԣ޵ҵ㣬Ԩһ죬ǺǺǺǡ
ɫ䣬һ䣬ȥԺЩһԾǰɽȥˡ
ҪСƿŵΧȥȣ֮ǰ֦迼ǣɱ֮

ʮ֮ڻصĺȣһʯһľǵãʱѩȣУһЩƣûˣɽȣֻѩ֮
溡
֪ΪΣչѩľȻһʮֲõԤУպΪλ˰ѩ·Ҳ˽ЩѩɨȥǴǰ溱ػҩ˰ϵĴѩɾһľ
ԽԽǸе֣ѵûдδغһţһ߿ɽȥȵյСԺʱǰһĻȴסˡ
Ժѻȥߵ£Ҳܵ˽شʹ˿̴ѩ죬Ҳȥǳսµĺۼ
溣δ롭
ţᱻٵ˳ףǺΪ
˫һţƬԫ֮УһɨȥѩֻۣȻǴŵĽ
ٿʯ棬һԼɣĽۣ汾ŷ󷨣ĽۣȸͽѰܷ
ڽܣѾ̦ؾ·֮գá
뵽ǰħڣƺ޻żΧɱһ죬Ҳ⾳ɱ¾һ죬ҲֹǸӦʲôǺȳµ졭
δ롭
һ̣ٴξֻѩȴκ˵Ӱδȥˣء
ѾȥˣԼվǻôˣǴ˿ģ
δ롭δ룬һˡһ˰
˻ţȻҲ˿Ĵѩڸǣȥѿգվɾ

һ£ұطҲҲ溺ͻδģʱ䣬ҲĴԭǰĴ֮һĲطȷ˺ڣΪ׽áŮطټɣһٹС
һ֮ս˵ϲң˫Ҳˣǲڹеĵӣ˴ٴΧ歷˲ò˰ٻ󣬽
ǲطɹһգ溴Żδӵ˺δȴʼ֪
طȡ
˿һƬããѩһǳǳӡǺܿ죬Щӡֱķѩȥ
ʱ뺮һ겻֪ΪΣԪ˴ѩããһƬ·ҪڸǣȥصѪۡ


0489 
֨֨֨
ѩŲطȣҲԽԽ䣬֪ɽ̧ͷĴѩǸƣֵշ塣
뵱ǳʣѹȥ߰ꡣ
ͣ˽Ų̧ͷǴѩֵɽ壬ԭ񣬾ʱƽ£Ҳ˿ƬƬѩһƬƬӹļ䡣
ʱҲǣֻصɵĳһ죬Ҳزȥʱ򣬾ͷ·һˣֻкĴ壬Χޱ޾ĺڰ
ʦ硭
ڹȥĻʱȻһĶŮ
תȥԺԼԼȴǧڴѩ׷˹
һƮƮմŰѩƬƬѩԣ˲ʳ˼̻
ʦáĿ⣬ǸһԼŮӡ
ʦ磬𣿡
ǧϴ񾲵ЦݣȻҪȥʱǰһУֻƬƬƻõİѩ
ûѩ棬ʼգֻһˡ
ѩͣˣȻվԭأڸȥӡãתķߡ
ŵĲľ棬дš塱֡
ٴλصֶһֳأǵȥźŸΪ壬ζԶ
ԶˣʹѩҲĺۼǧǷ˼ǵ
յСԺ·ܿһĻһĻĵطǵҹ¡
һˡ
ߵһССͷǰһһ˱ϵĻѩһһ㣬ֽǰɨ
ȵƻ轫֮ʱ뿪Ǹ߲ɽȥһɽȥˡ
ǺɽĹȣĹĹǰЦ죬Ӷ벻֪ƵɽȥɽϳϺ͵ӡ
վɽ·ҲƽأͬʱֽȫϢŵĵΣϤòϤ˿κ˷֣κһơ
ĺɫʱѾϢϣԺλصصŷԭһжûиı䡣
ԶĹºǰǱҲлһж·ǵһʱĳ
һ壬к£вնȡȻǽÿÿҹĺ䡣
˵ǣһ͹¶
ԳʱԶȻԼԼ΢΢һʱ̧ͷķȥһ̣Ǳʲôһ£ʦ
Ĵ澰һԻۡ¸ӣȺɽСÿÿҹ¹ʱƺǾ
Ի֡һƬֳ겻˥ÿÿ紵ʱұ㷢һǴǰĵط
ԻˮϪʦϪˮ䳹ȴʱˮϪξͷһ¾ڣˮӵҲ֪䵽˺δȥ
Ի̨̲ƽʦĵطڳˮ룬һø߲˵ܹͨɽ硣
ÿһطǵ˿ɵǴǱߴ
ѭǱȥ
ʱǱߣֻƺµĶһɵǵϣֻһ˳ƮƮڰ״һٽɡ
˲Ǳˣ˳ơӡϣ
ʱһδգֻԭƽƺȴȻҵطӿӶԶһǿϢ˴ƽ
˿Ҳһ˲ܵϢвɵðһϢ֮ǿǳʦȥģ
ʦ
΢΢һ䣬һչɲ˲ϢǱȥˡ
ʱֻƺֱӿȥмһӰһͣ˽Ųһʯ棬Ϣ֮ǿǿεȵزǿΨ巽ܸܵɽ壬ȴ˸֪õ
һ¾ͷӦ˹˽ɽܹ֮أܹλϣطǵ֮
ֻƺƽһӰҲһӰɫۣնͷϴŶñģ
Ȼ˵ģһǿϢȴӹɣҲеϢΪ֮ߣ߾ʲôˣ
þò
ձ֮ʱǺ֮£Ȼһ䵭


0490 
еͻȻĺӣûκα仯ֻˣΪΡ
Цֻ·˳ӡ
뿴ҽΪΡĿһƣɫȻûһ˿仯
˿̲һʯ棬ϸ˼ܹ壬˲ǵΪߣҶźĵҲʮϤԼҪϤö࣬ᴥκһơ
ʦ˿˶Իɫûб仯óʹʦҲСǰˣûһ˿˼ɵس壬Ǿ֤ȫ˵ı¡
һˣ¼ֻһǾǵ£ȴûȥ飡
һɲǣȷǰ˵ݣвһݣȻǵΨһһܹʦĿţ˵Ψһӣ顭
㻹Ǻ͵һԸˣǰ֮ӡδ⿪˿̸ܶȫ
ƺ֮ϣ鸺ֶ䵭˵ţ䣬ָֻ֣һһɫٿȻ˹ͨͨһƲС
һתָǰһ죬һָȥ顱һǵɫײʱƺһ
ʹ˿Զʯ棬Ҳеһ𣬸ֶԾǵУһ̣Ժٻ˵ɱžǰ˵һС
ٶǰ֮´ԽɳĮջ赹ڿɳǱɳıȣʱһϣϦ֮䣬ջǱʩԽ˻ȻֻʱһȴҲزˡ
ֶȥ켫Ҫ켫Ȼµȴأ޷նպħ㰵ʩƣʧܡ
¹󣬹µָеʮְûڣΣһ·и飬ŷö켫ƣԭǴӱɽׯ
ʱɽׯʵǲСȻ⵽˶Էֹ׷ɱһΣֱҲöԷնͲһ㣬Ҳûˡ
һӹˣûãδӹɽׯ׷ɱƵôӹȥǹǡȪɡһȥ˵һ֮ˣżΪˣҲԻ
һ֮󣬾ҲûκϢӦǴϵǺͻδ˿ӣִӿ֪һ˴֮ˣʧˡ
е飬ʵܹӵǸˣǴӹ£ȴȻһϢд顣
һ˾Ҫ־δӹŹܹ֧߳ǿ־ģֻ޾ĳޡ
δǻҲѰԣȴպӣҪᣬȴС˵־ʹٴԪش
ڿ׼ƸһԵʱԶȻһڷһ¾ͽ˴ˡ
һڷ磬ʱѿ˸Ż뿪ȴָպҶҵҶ֪νǵùԪ֮µ㱻Ҷ֪סٶꡣ
ϸ룬е鶼ܹʮȥ˱ɽׯţӴ˼ʧҲûκϢ˶ΪѾ˵ʱ򣬴ʱ˿̣ȴͻȻϡ
ֻڣΨһ벻ͨǣߵһڷ磬ʲôˣ
鵱ʱ̣ҲˣǺڷȴܹȻ书ָǵڷ桭ʲôˣĿ־ʲô
ͻȻʦʲô
һ̣ǺȻ뵽ʲô΢΢һ䣬Ҳͬʱһ˲䣬Ȼһָ˹
ָǳֱҪȥԪһߣӦܹһָȴ֪ΪΣֵֻ˲䣬üһƺɫȻͱòҰзһƺߣһ˲䣬һָѴ顱һòȥ
ʦ
ɫһ䣬ٴӴʯ˳ۼڶָʦȥһɲǣ˲˾תȫһƷʩչ˼¡
ƷϹ湦Ī⣬Ա֮֮ǵ켫µ˴˵ϳ뻯ѻܹ硣
ֻ¡һ죬ڴƷ֮£һƥָ˲䱻ת˷򣬽ԶһƺС÷顣


0491 ֪
һ˲ǰַסԷʱ԰׵ӣвһΪʲôʦĹȥǵ࣬ô

ɫɲ䣬ʵɽһ̣Ѿ֪ˣ˿ʦͽ֮ʣƺǱһɼȴٶȹ
ȥ棡
ֽһͣ漴˫ֽӡ֮䶸ȻһѱâĹŽⲻ͸һɼǿĽ˽ǹŽǵĳ֮

һֽʱâɣǿĽ·ɲǼأʹããƺҲҷӿȽƣǵһɱȣ
ֻһɽâֱնȥδһƬƺǳܲסɽɢˡ
е
һΣ鲻У˫һ̧˲ǰһһǿֵ˰С
ֻһལâ²䣺飬Ҫҳһձض𣡡
һȻֻһٴ΢΢һһѾ֮ǿΪѵʲô硭
ʦʱռϷ磬ոɫ԰ףܵĳƣܶȫػᷴҪնһܲȫ
ˡ
һԾԶɵȻеԴɵ֮ģףһʼʱֻûᶯȫ˿ˣȻ˻ͽ֮ģƴŷɣҲ
ֻصȻʦͽ˽ؾۣǾ͵ΪֹҪһ䣬ҲãҲãŸոտʼûֹˡǺǡ
ȵȡ
齫Ҫ뿪֮ʱȻĿɳĮǱߣλǰҴ仰˼գ˺޲ط¡
һ仰ǵڿɳŸģ飬㽫仰ûܹ飬ƫƫ޳
ʱ仰ͷϴŶñʿϵı仯ֻһ䡰лŻ£˻һ˲ϢʧӰ
ʧķ򣬼ʹĿǰΪˣ˿ȴûη壬෴һΪ˶֪龿ʲôֻ֪Ҳֻ֪Ǻڷˣ顣
ȥƺƽתҲĿԶ˻˿ʦͽԡ
ʦ
ĬãڲſڣȻǧǧҲֻ֡
ϣ統ޱϲûκһ˿仯
޵꣬ѿƳǣˮĿǰȴޱϲ
Щöô䵭öô飬ʼշһط
ԭһΪʦΪܷʦѯʵ溵ȥû뵽ͻȻ֣û뵽ʦΪȻô࣬ҲˣΪʲô
Ϊʲôʦȥࣿ
һ˵ţһ߻߽ЩĿ⣬Ȼûаֱ仯
ôˡ
߽ȻһʹǰʱһֱʦˣǸոգʦԸʱӣȫӦá
Ϊʦް

ҡҡͷĿ⿴һһ꣬ӹŴ彫Ҿ£Ԫô
ֳû˵
꣬ҹʱеȫΪҳãͱʬħڣ꣬һʬħ£Ŷ֪Ϊһ֪ʬħ䣬ݲңô
ЩǴӺδ
ֹˮϣһΣһ˿仯ֻеЩɬԭһУʦȴ˵
ҹɫתȥ˵һǧľ¡
ľ¡
΢΢һ˹ľ£ʦ˿̸ԼҲԼ뿪ˣʲô˵ˡ
ʦأˡ
ҴһҪҴҶζӳ£һԶȥˣҲ֪´Ǻʱգĳݡ
ҹĻĺϣʧķһ̾ذ
ûãȻһӵʦá
Ĺ֮Уֻ˻ƺ̧֮価֮һȴֳף໹档

˵뿪󣬹죬һǧҵ˵ľ£ԭ˴ĹȣڲضʮΣӦǹʱġ
ȥϢֱĹ֮У߷͵֣ΰͦΣԽߣȴԽľһϪˮߣȻӰ֪Ӻδ֣һ˲˹
ʶ񣬾Ӱٿ죬ҲɲǼ䷴Ӧ˹˫һţһԾܿӰĹ


0492 ľ
ɷɷɷ
Ӱ磬ɷƣܿһ˲䣬ֹʮϳˣ溵ҩˡ
Ӱɲ
ʱڴһŮӵҩһ˲ͣȻʧա
ֻĹһɫѵŮӿ˳溡
һ࣬統ʮģûб仯ֻϿȥࡣ
ҵģ
˫ü΢ٴʵĲǱʲôҲǷɣ֮ûУҵġ
ʦҵġ
ӡ
΢΢һ㶣վǵˣֲı£ԭǴ˳ȥֻһ鷳
ϾǴǲطáħŮȴ֮һϻ鶼û֪꣬طȺɵˣ˵ã
δأ
ҲüĵģǵʲôδΡ

ʵδ룬üͷøˣֹиǲ׷ʵˣ
ɡ

Ƭ̺һڣֻδ뾲ʯϣ뿪ʱһģһûκα仯ֻǳ˯Ųѡ
δ롭
һӿ첽˹ȥȻʱȴܵһɼصĺ
ô
δʱ״̬ԱǰˣŽǰطȵϮһ£һһʮ˵ˡ
һգұڹУྭȶ֮ϢϲطȵĶȻˡʹϼˣֻһ㣬һ˿֮ϢϨˡ
ѵյ˵˳֮һ㺮˪ÿ£طȣ
һڸŸɵ˶ҪغȣұǲԸ֪ȵλãǴ歷ִ˱ڹУǺã룬Ϊˣʹõȵλñ¶˳ȥлɳˣǰǴζ㵽ľûκ֪
Ĭã̧ͷ˵ǴξǵģʦҲָǶ㵽ľµġ

溵˵ͷʵ֮ǰҲ֪˭ǣڿȷˣǴͻδǿͻܶˡ
ʱԪһңħû롭ԪŵأⲻһѪɺӣԣʱǵԭ
ɣ֮Ҵˡ
һһ˵ţһ߽ŷɣ֮ĺӴȡ˳ȥ࣬ǴڕDȺӵᡭڽɣ֮ˡ
΢΢һӹӣʱֻеֳأӴ򿪵һ˲䣬ֻɣ֮Ȼƻ𣬼ʹѾȥ࣬ҲûпήȻתһϢ֮
á
ԭǴ˵֮еķɣ֮Ǵ˿ҲţС뵽Ϊҵɣ֮Ƿ˲ʵ˵˵𣿡

˵ͷ㽫½Ǳߵ˵ˣԣǵħڣЩһĶû뵽½Ǳ߾һµĵط
ʮָħĽʮ꣬һʼʱҼ˾뿪ʱħңҽһ졣
ʮָħҲ˵ˣֻʡȥ̫Һת֮˵飬˵ЩҲ󶮡
һӡ
ؿֲôղŽȵʱ͸оˣϢ֮ǰһˣΪʲô磿
Щ˰ɣ񵱳ҹꡢɷЩͬˣ͸ǶĪ˰ɡ
ˣأ
ʱע⵽ӲڣԼˣӦǻ̳֣Ͼϣŵδµġ
ҡҡͷǰǰΪҵסЩˣԪ֮һֱ˯δѡ
ô
΢΢üԪҲܴˣһΣδʮֲס
ڷɣ֮ˣܷ
˯еĻδȥ˿üӣ鶨ףǰǴϮʹûδøӸѲˡ
мɰաʵ
ɡ
ת˵֮ǰоųɰգǴϮԲû


0493 ط
㡣
ҡҡͷᰴļϸ˵Щ˽թûǽթǵĶ֡
ҡ
һ̧ͷŴԣֻһᣬԭΪԼûбûδ룬ûУûЩ˵Ľթľ£һҲҲκ֪
㰲һУҾˡ˵š
Ҫʲô
ɫ΢΢һ䣬δ˵꣬Ȼҵؿȵɫһ䣬ٽסһ̽ŷھȻһ
ô£
ûû¡
ͣԭӦǺʱȴ쳣԰ף׷֮£˵ʵ飬ԭһǺ·գģǲطȵ񽣾ǳ
һķθʼ޷ȥű䡱Ϲ湦ѹס֣ټҽȺѾˡ
ˣҲڷθĽĥòÿҪԲֹʱҹһѪˣࡣ
һҺǴҵϣǴδϵĻֻ¡
溻˵ţɫ԰׵ЦЦֻҪˡ
㡭
ָԺֻСʱÿ˴ܣˣǶԷԼҩ֮ãڶѾΣˣȴ˵û¡
طȣ
һɲǣ˫Ȼһδйɱӵ굽ڣһֻ̣ʦÿһԷȴơ
侲
ҲʱģˣԼӦʱ˵ʱΪѷǵɱȣϵĸǰǲһһŭǵʬѪɺˣ
ɱˣõΣΪ֮ŵϣ˾гһԨɱ˲գ۵ħͷز飬ʱʦͽһǰв֮˵»
侲
ץס˫֣һʱǷнɣٴξҵؿ
ָһעһԪѹȥ
˺һ溲ָҡͷ˵˵ڲȥطȣطĴ֮һô򵥣οǴȥɱˣʦӦΣ
û˵֮ǰΪһֱϵԳǴ棬ɱŵ⣬ҲûеԪɵɱκһˣǴ壬ҲδɱһˣȻЩȴʼղϷŹʼղơ
һΣ溱ˣ壬Ѿĥһܼҽġű䡱ѾˣԼˣѵҪʹȥ
ȥطȣǽ⽣
һΣ˭Ҳ溵ȥȻ֮ǣطȵΨ񽣵Ľ⽣ܽڵĽ⡣
ҡҡͷûϵȽа취
ȵʱԺ𣿡
ĻִȡһСľżһֻż
ǡ
ڶ½ǱʶһλѣķżעҵһԪʱûҵķ뿪ʱգΣգ
żֽʯϵĻδ뿴ȥδ룬ͽˡ
ʼǣŻδ룬ڷɣ֮ѾˣʣµһУֻܽ溣ڹУ»溷񣬷档
ǡ
溻˵ʲôҡҡͷħڣҶܹһССĲطȣѵħڣҪգ
һʱ˵ԣƺҲħڣյĵطܹѲǵˡ
㡭Сġ
Һܿͻ
˵һ䣬ٴδ뿴һۣȥˣطλԪ֮뵱УʮҪ
֮˲ط棬˴ɽˮݳݺɣطļԴʹݶȻˡ
澰ãϾĴ֮һ˵Ҳ˵վ棬ҲһؼǿĽ󷨣ǿڣֻлҷ
ǽղ֪ιʣطĽƺ࣬ƾʶױ˹ȿ֮˴ѾܹԼԼɽ棬Щӳ컨еĹ¥ˡ
ʲôˣ
Ȼ˴ȣȿڴİֽ̳䱸ǲûмǶԷ˿ϵĺɱȴһ


0494 
ʲôˡվס
ڿ˸˵һ½ŵ˼ޣһ֪˭˷ɽŹȣҲȫɽնȥ
˰ѷɽâʱùȿڿʯɣȻʱǰ˰ѷɽȴǱһ裬ȫͣڿв顱һ˰ѷɽ۶ϣһѷҷ˳ȥ
ǰҲʱشѪ󵹷˳ȥϾֲʤδͻ֮£һʱΪһæ졭ȥ˴ȣ

ԴɽֻӢͷףȪˮˣطСµһաµһµһȡ֮˵µһգɽҳµһգµһԹ˵ԲͬµһȣطǱʵˣз
зǵģɵɽȣʹ֮Уֶ˼ɭϡ
˿ڲطһֻ֮һˣ˫ü棬Ϣز¶ȥʮ꣬Ϊξ֪ǲطȹ
·һȥˣ˱İܣ˳ơ
츳Ǵв磬ȥֳҪ˥࣬ΪҲƽƽ档
˿ֵ̳ܶˣϻһɫ۵İ׷ߣһ˿ȥɷǣվһһŮ˵ʦܣӡ
λɽ֮УǵĴ֮һطȹϵУգ˹͡
ֻ룬˫΢˵ո˵֮ƣƶ޼Ԫŵأν⻼ڣĲ룬⣬ǼħڻȥֻҪص긲ޣΪ֮ףɽЩȴԽԽ׽͸ˡ
ֻ̾ϢһģʱһһŮǰͷ˵ħ֣ȷʵʧΪ֮ףѶ˹̸ʲô֮ף֮ף֮ʹΪۣҲΪطȡ

ӻδ˵꣬ӺȻϣ֦ͬ²ΪΣħа䣬ȥһһϦ
ʦѵǣǵ޶ۣųʧӵ˵ͷĬĬ˻ȥϣȴһ˿֮ɫ
֪ƶΣʱϵȥ
ΪѷԼǣţ֦ͬŽӸѣĿˣ̻ͽʵҵͬĺ
䣬˵ţʵղٲŽѡ֮סĽֻպûǵĵλˡ
˵ԪŵĴţȴֻ֪࣬Ϊ˾ѣȴطȺ۸ĵλ
뵽˴Թطȵ䶦ʢΪµһµһٶǰȴҰʮر｣֮¡
Ҫ⵹̸ףŶ߷棬ȥ˺ϲ˵ԴΣĸɲ⣿
ΪţһԲ˵ˣǽЩչزΪ˺εȾ磬ֻҲ
۶ǧһ˵ӦΪ󱲣ʵΣ֪Ԩü¶ˣ˷ֱΪȨϺ请ϣһΪͬɲ⣬ʣһ˱˳ơϡ໹档
󲻽ü˲Ԩü£жżֵףƫƫΨ໹һˣֹ䶼ܹʵǳƫƫǻػ
ߣ
ڰ֮ʱϺȻһĺǷ֮ˣȴ·ֻ˵ٶǰų˸飬ǰЩֳ˸һٺ٣ǡ˲šȴ̻
δ˵֮ʱкȻһ𵴣ĵӶ𵴴ķȥ棬ɫ΢΢һո𶯣ƺ󷨴ȥô¡
Ҳüټ˵˵ͷ漴ȥϻδ߳ֻԶɫŵس߼
ɫţüͷһ壺˾ţ˵


0495 ǿ
ء
ɫţ˵ǵ˿ڿˮż˵˴ȣ˺ǵֵסʦǽԱˡ
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ô£
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ȥ⣬̻⣬ǰ㳡Ǳ߷ȥͽܣ˱˴˶һۣҲٸȥ
˹㳡ϣǰһĻȴһֻٸӢӽɽ󣬷ǵֵסˣλΪϵҲǵ֡
ϣôҲطȣΪ㲻ɣ
ϵ߼һƬӣŭķһ¼ɽ͵سȥȻ˿ء
Ȼȴޱ飬ص޹ء䣬һģƷʱس̣¡һ׾ٽǼѪ˳ȥ
һĻֱڳŵûɢȻһʱѾ٣ΪͻͽǺϵǰͬСˣֻôһģͰѼλϵǰѪɳȥĪǻ֮
ʱԶһµҲסˣĴͽҹ꣬ʦɷȥš񡱣ʮǰŻ䣬Ҳһս
˿ŰǸӣԺﲻֻʮǰŻ䣬̨ǸѪǿ꣬ǰˣʮǰر
ҹԱߣվһ˪ӣĹŵɷ磬ʱֻһ䣬ȻҪ㳡Ǳ߶ȥԱҹ꼲ֽһʦܣȥ
ҹףʹʮԪŵسٴӭһԻʢǿʮֹʶǵΪͻͽһǧ
ӣҲǸһΪɲ⣬ʮ飬ǶвҪɱɷ磬ֱ練ơ
ס֣
һƻӳҪش֮ʱ⣬˵棬󼲼ǰһ̤Żڹ㳡ϵıӣһҲţͽΪѵµĵز̧Ƽ䣬еӻҷֻǶԷûдɱѡ
һԭϣ
ʱһҲһºֻۣǰʦ壬ʱʵ˶ᣬȴֻǱɱ
Ǻˡ
񵭵˫ָڱɫѲЩνǰ
ȥɱžǶ켫ĹµˣڵĽϧһɶǰľ֮ģǻԪ򣬶ЩҪɱˣɻʲô֮
ʱ̬ưĿ𳤵ӣӸɫһ֮ϰԪǰɱʦˣĪѾˣ˳𡭡
ԭ۵ĵ
Ӱѻ˵꣬䵭شˣ·ǲ˷ʱ䣬Ŀֱϣĳطȣһˣ޹֮ˣÿɣĳ˼޹
㡭
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Ȼ̳ͽܣ
󴦱䲻ǰ˼ĿϣմҹȣµҪΡ
ҪΣĪǲô
ȻĿ䵭ʱĿϡ
佣ƵĿһͬ׹˺ıѣַ·һѽںϣֻеһ˵ĺ䡣
Ȼǵǰʲô£ֻû뵽ͽǰҲֻƽ˿µһΪʵ˵
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䵭񽣵Ľ⽣Ǹˣգ˹Ѫɺӡ
һΧ˽Ըеһϣ䵭ȴһĪѹ
˽֮ʣԶȻһôĿĪƾһˣջҪҲطȲɣ


0496 
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ڲطȵλͣǲطȵλϣµĶ࣬Щӱˣɫδ˸Ʋطȣοģһֻһˡ
м³һ㵱ˣ֪ܣħŮȾɱǰʦ̨ɹȻ֪ڸģǿҹȣµ£һĶ
˵ô
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ֻѷɽڰвֹ˿ǰð֣ϵĽâҲһ࣬ǰ׷ϸػУǰ·һɽΪ裬˿ǰвá
ٷֻ䵭΢̧޷ԶУԵʮɣ·ûõ
ϡ
Χĵһ¶סˣɸһĴڣѵԸˣ
ֻУǰ׷ԽԵóһ֮£ǰð̸֣ˣոսƾûһ˿أȻﻢ£޷ơ
Ҳû뵽ǰˣ񣬴˿̶ԷһɾȫһɵûתκŹһɴѾƵˣԷУֽΣ
Ҫ񣡡
ڴʱұߵ³ϺȻһȣӻһƶֻĴԪۣɲǼڰγһ޴ӡƷ֮£㳡ʱľһΣҶɡ
ڵӽԸеһϣ׷ԶȥЩǳĵӣ˿̸ѾͷĿѣܲˡ
˾һƣȴȻӶ΢΢һ̧һƷҶдȥ¡һؽ³ϵ˿С
һ£ǵڵӽһԶһЩǿкȻڰ²⣬Ϊξ׵סλϵĹ
УԷ֣Щ͸ȴȻУüҲûһ¡
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ϼ״ʱӦ˲ȫһ㽣⻤壬϶Էһһ±㽫Ѫ˳ȥ
һΣڳ˸޲¶֮ɫҲ󲻵ΪȻ˿£
Ҳڱɫû뵽̶ʮ꣬Ϊѵ˿µĵزͬʱҲһɺ彥˿ԽǿɺԽأΪˣͽܡ
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ףͽںٮٮߣǰͽһȣǳ֮⣬ڸǣٲԸϣҲʵ
һֹһﻹһˣԪ棬ûκһܱģ˱ǵŰŵǧѡ
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ʦطȣһѡط桱Žķ뵱ʱµŷͥʱǺ䶦ʢ
طȾȻû˹վһͽս´ӣطδ棡

һ죬㳡ʱȴɽλ棬Ϊ׵һ³ϼɽ
ǽǸۣԼӰڽܣ˽Իۡ䲻ڲطĴݡꡱ¶˪֮УȴҲǵС


0497 
۽һ㳡ԱһɼǿĽ֣³رҲö˵ˣһ۽һ㳯նȥ
һȴѰ֮ǲطȼġ񽣡ֻڿлɹâ糤գɽ֮ƣ
ʩչ񽣣ܹȵһ
һɲǣڵӽס˺Ҳգһ£ԶҲϢطȵĽȻǱѰԵ۽֮ȷʵطȣһ㣬
ֻһɽâɲǼѳնʹֵܹסȻҲᱻ壬ǿĽ壬˲ȻǶɱ֣ûһ˿һĻأ
Ϣ֮ʣȴȻ˫һţݷգǵһֲȻֱӭȥ˾е˼
һֻ̣˫Ʒǰγһڰ̫ͼʱƾ䣬ԭն񽣣ʱȻת򣬷³նȥ
ʱ˿̣лŵ켫µ˴ͨʱĻ⡮ڡܶԷԼȻҵվԪӤ򣬹ʶѳСȴͬСԪӤȴϴ˵ڼɡ
׼һŵĻᣬƷ˼ޣ³õԷȹĹʱҪܣȴﻹü
ͣ
ֻһ죬һܽڣֻһѪ˶浹˳ȥ
һɲǣ˷㾲˭ŸղһĻкõԭܽȻϹȥ
˻δӦ˲䣬ɲһչһӰ˲Ϣ³ϵԣٿָһ¿ĺϣ˲书ԷܽڱƳ
һĻط½һǼǰһ̤ȵס֣
һ̣˶ݲͣǴ˿ȴ֣Ǻɣ˿ֻҪһ˹ոմڵǵܽʱҷ
һΣ
ʱǰ˵һ̤ȴҿ̫ͬ㣬ʱʦ֣ܲģȻɱ˲գ۵Сħͷ飿
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ҸϢʱ䡭һ


ס֣
ɫһ䣬ڻָһʹһâȥһâ񽣵Ľ⽣
⽣ϱضܽһطĲȣ˳ȥҲطȵĳϣԼԼĽ¡
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һеӶϢһղŸĽ⽣ǼٵģôϿ¾Ҫ϶ˡ
Ľ⽣ģֻɫ³ŷɳڵܽǻȥˡ
ֱַǿлڽȴˡ
˿ֻݺݵصҧгݵСħͷۣħСŮһУزݣŭպض֮ʿĽ£Ϲۣžħһޣ
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
һ㳡˲һɼǿĽ⣬⼤֮£˽Ըеһֻ˫֮䣬Ȼһѳɫɽǽâƣ͸һɼΪĽ
ꡭǹ꣡
һѳɫɽһ̣ٵӶ˳һѽΪꡱǵ棬ʮʱ䣬һѽ


0498 ˭
طİֱΪݡꡱ¶˪оΪĴ֮ףǲطȵڶ졣
˪Ϊ죬¶Ϊʮ죬ΪٶǰʮߴʮŴ졣
Ĺз֮طȵΪ桱ԭǵʮߴ֮λ˵ʮ˴ʮ˴ʶ֮£ֳֻΪʮŴ
ֱٶǰ֮֮λ󣬴Ӵ˱㳹׹ٶҲδ¶棬𻯾죬֪
󻹺ᣬΪҲǳԦס񽣣һǵꣿ

һѽâɣϯ֮ƣ͵سնȥδǼΪˣЩվԶĵӣһɲǣҲеһϣȻԭΪѴﵽ˻
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ǽƾˣҪƾ˫Ӳ£ǲܣҲûй񽣣â
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һ˲䣬˫һɽʱһγһѾ޽䡱һ㳡һǵֵסĹ꽣
⡭
ʵţ˵ֵסĽʱ˶Ų£ѵҲѾ𡭡
뵽˴ط£˽׹Ǳ亮̶һֻеȫϮʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ôܡ
һôᡭ֮ǰһֱز¶ΪǰˣѵѵСӾҲлΪŶ̶ʮʱ䣬ôܡ
ԶӸǴסˣܹţŶ꣬ΪͻͽСôѾˣδҲ̫췽ҹ̷
Ȼδֻħʮ꣬˻ѣĻлһ
ֻоʮټ˲⾳Ҫħʮ꣬ڣЩνĻߣƩϵͲЩˣѲĶ֣ˣܹƥС
˿̣㳡Ĵ֦ҡҶɢвٵӳܲסɽԶǲط󷨼ǿֻ㳡Ľڽ֮µȻ޴档
û뵽һΪ֮ߣȫԤϣﻢ£ֻӲŹ꽣ڶԷǸͽ֮£Ĺ꽣һһʧȥ˹â
ô
ԶڵӾһ黯֮й꽣֣ѵвôܡ
ٲԸǰһĻʵȷʵѾŵ˼ޣ˿µĵѾ𽥿ʼѺۣŲҲڿʼơ
ͷ󺹣ʵ󲻵һĹΪλⲻֻΪ磬һһɾĹӱȻϰĳһڹķ
ٿʱȻĿ䵭΢̧ķɽ޷ԶеӣһĹûʹ
̧ͷʱ飬ͷһǾˣȻ뵽֮δ˳֣ѵڣָԷ
Ǹˡ
䵭Ǳ䣬֮£ҳ֮ǰʱ׷ǰ˹ȣδϣ溿ĥŹ
δ£ǽ˻Ļڣ䳢ǲֻ֮࣬Ҳͷ֮ޡ
ط˼ʱ̬ȼģһһ̸׹˱亮̶һԷϢţǲҶһ¡
亹ԽԽ࣬˭Ҳóʱ㾡ȫȴû뵽һ񣬾黯ĹҲֻ֣ľ

Ȼ䣬ֻһȣ꽣ϵʱâʢһˣݺἤ˺һϣȻʹˣҲٰѽ۳ɵĽȺ
һɲǣֻһ䣬ָһ콣Ⱥʱǵضȥ䡱һһ½꽣˻ȥҲʱشɫһףܿƵ浹˳ȥ
콣󣡡
ϾɫһǰסΧһ£̽˽
طȵڶ࣬˹㳡ϽǧӣԶһдƬӰٽ˽Եֵ
硭
ϾѶţ˸ؿڣʹƽȥ
˿ɫ԰ףĿŹ㳡һӣʵʮǰǸӣΪ֮ߣ֮Ѳˡ


0499 ̫

һֻ֮ǧطȵӣٽһưĽ
Ϊ콣󡱣ǧǰλ뵱ʱļλϺķѶѪг
ľ콣Ȼʧ˵λгྫΪʮ
ֻĽҫ۶ĿưɽǧӣʱȴڲǿһĿԶ߽ıӣûܹԵ򶨡
ؿڣɫأЩ԰ף֪ľ콣ʧȥྫҲò죬ԴֵֻҪȫֵסˣܡ
ȥλ̫ϡ
һɲǣϣ콣ֵ˴˶ãҲڶʱڻָ£ֻȥٶӲλ̫ϡ
֪λ̫Ĺؼʱڣʱͻƾ磬ܲκһ˿ţٶŬܾܿնһ񣬸ˡ
£ʵط˵ֵסͽȻ֮ʣΨλ̫ϲбסˡ
硭
Ҳһ±ɫû뵽֮£Ȼصλ̫ϵĵزһֻ̣еͷ
˵ˡ
Žھ콣ֵܵһʱͽҹ괫ȥһꡭȥȣλ̫ǰѹˣ
Ҫȥ붯ȵλ̫ϣҹҲһ˿̱Ҫ侲֪λ̫ؼʱڣʱܲôţһ
ֻλ̫ƵסˣҪԥȥٴμҹ괫ȥһ
ҹһ£ͷãá˵գָӡ˲仯һɽȷȥˣȾ˴а֮ңмнأһһأһʱ䡣
ȥҲûã
һ䣬һƷ¡һʱǰߵĽٸ˳ȥ˸ǸŵĵѣæסΣֵ˵Ľ
䣬ָȥǸˣգĳ̤ƽ˹ȣ
ǺĿ⣬ʱһɫһ±øӲҰˣǰ˹ȣЩŮӾɱǶˣʱнգ

һ£ʱи˳ȥ󷨣ʱԶһǰˣǶȴǵ̫ͺ׳졣
˿Ź㳡һĻʱҲң뵱һСʱ˿ԡԴСڶȺɽ׷һһ·ţֱĵ˲ŵĶȥ
ʱ꣬˿㳡Ǹӣ˿̾׹˺̶ֹ
¡
һ죬ֻطȵӣֱ˳ȥˣҲǻ̻̲ʱ˿ֻ̣㾡ȫάֽ
Ǿ콣һؽһرۼֵסˣطڵӸŵɫ
Զ۵Ҳˣӣ˿̶ľһվԭأŴ˿ǰһĻ

λϺһЩΪϸߵҲֵ˹ֻɫֻʣӡ׷׾֧ҡҡ׹Ľ
Ȼޱ飬ǰһ̤Ǿһ㣬˫һ˲ﵽ˼£һɲǣһɿ磬ʱ߶ŭΣƲɵسǽӿȥ
¡
һ£˵ֵסǱҡҡ׹ľ콣һɲǱˣɽʱȻ޹⣬һҷ˳ȥ
Ҳ˳ȥͬЩϣҲһ˵ֵסɽ׷˳ȥ
һɲǣңһ䣬˫һţգһ죬㳯ץȥȻҲͬʱһ˲䣬Զһһ赲˻ȥ
СҪ
ʱһڣǺɽȷĵˡ
ù㳡ϣĵ⣬һ˲仯ĵӰֻһ㣬ϢΪĪ⡣
ң£ڤϣһ£üһӡ볤ϡ
λǸµİ׷˿ŭĿӣűȣǰ׷ﳤϡ
һ£ȧǸʣȥɽһƮ죬ʯϡ
û뵽գȻһ°ѲطȲµλ̫ȫˣǿĳˡ
ʱλĪ̫ϣȻԵ֮ǰһΣ̸֮ʱᵽ˲طȵλ̫ϣû뵽գ


0500 Ž
СռȻ˳ˣǾݲټմҲطȣµˣҲȲ㣡
׷ﳤŭĿӣ䣬һ̧Բʮʱӿ֮£һǿĽ
Ӿеһٶ겻λ̫ôλ̫ϵΪĪ֮
ĳҲһ²طȵĸ
أȻһ˵꣬һ˲ڿնΧʱһɿ磬˽Ըһϣ˾ǰһ˿ϢǱȸղŸǿˣ
ԶҲǰһû뵽֮ǰȻûнȫó
С֪ߵغ񣡡
׷ﳤĴΨһһλŮӣƢʱͲã˿̼ӻĿˣŭӿһһʱƿնһɽâ͵سն
һܹȵãδȽȫס޴ɱܡ
򶨹򶨣һȴǲӣһ̧һ˲תһԪ˲ǵȥ䡱һǽײʱɽҡ㳡ϵĵӽԱһ¸ͷĿѣֹ
룡
ڤϳһȣ㳡ϵԶȥǿ֮ĶԿ±֮ǡ
ֻУأԱǰƣѱ紵죬󳤷Ҳﲻֹһɽ֮ơ
׷ﳤָͬƣ˵ĽڰУ˿á
ǸǿҹȣеȣĪԶʤ٣ʤ֮䣡
ڤһȣȫʱһֻ˫΢һӡʱһɫĽָһһƥʱնȥ
ȻĴͬʱͲ˵ʲôһһ֮ĵĻǵĿסǱο˱ڱչزͻȻȻӰΪʱҲԶȫԽ콫סԽá
һ˲Ϣ䳯նһȥֱ棬ɲһչڰУȴ˲ڶʮһôϣܿڤϵ
ٶ֮죬䶯Ī⣬λ̫ϾһЩչزȻ֮ǰ֪ˣϾ̫˽ٶ飬ʵһͽܶôˣǴﵽ˺εȾ磿
һߣڤһնգʱ֪λ̫ʱأɴ󶯹޷ȫΪ򶨻ΪɲɹĺһλȫĻôֻС
һ̣Ҳ뵽ʲôһֵۣܶղŻңϢɽĹȽǱȥˡ
Ƭ֮һƹŶ棬ֻǶڷӡƣԼԼһɹӵĽ⴫
˿Щɫɷף˴˶һۣ˵ͷȥǰСĽƽŶ档
˶УֻһѹŽƾ˽ûн棬ȥǡ׾ڽΧȴȫǽƷģͬСɣǹκҪ֮ˣȻڽ֮¡
޷׾ǧǰطʦµǰѹŽԻط桱
ط֮ǿǻصǧǰڲطʦŷұϵˣҲһն
طʦŷұ콫˽ȡط桱һ£˴˽⣬ϣӽǡط桱֣ӲطʣҪâ̫ϧ첻⣬Խ󣬲طһԽǱ׷ŵٶ𣬸ʻա
˿Ž·ԭЩɷ׵ӣʱطĹӽ⣬ǵͨ졣
ֻֻչܴڶʮǰȡΣʦĪ֡
˵գּȥ˫ַأŹŽһݣ⿪ŽΧĽƣһԡ
һطŽΧĽһһ⿪С˫֣ǽ˹ŽܼԦ˵ģ
ֻǽ𶯲ֹн֮˺þãǿȣʱ˹һضڽϣ񽣣ƽܼ
ߡ
õ֮ȥһȴеˣףʮ꣬һ˿µΪٹʮ꣬ǵһ̤ƽطȣ
ʶգһ뿪ǵҲ뽫նɱڹУ󻼡


0501 
ɽǰڵӺͳ϶ʮ֮⣬㳡ϽݺἤѰѲٴĽݻ٣ͬ㳡ĵ棬ҲѿѺۡ
ֻλ̫֮䣬˵ܹˣҪҲһ׵顣
СӵĲöԸ
׷ﳤɫ˪㲻ϲû뵽һԷͽҲͣԽԽߡ
ʦ𼱣
ڤȥһ֪׷ʲôĻŬˮʱأǣϢҶ
ߣ
ʱʯϺȻһߣ˫΢һӡɫâʱХȥ
â𶯲ֹϷһɳХ֮һ·ĵҲˡ
ѷɽͬУʹûնϣڽ֮£ɵͳҲǻ˫ġ
ЩԶʮĵӣһҲͷĿѣֹæ˹ס˫
ѷɽҲԽԽͳƬƬѣڽɨ֮£㳡ʱ
ھһɲתתݣһ˲令ס˫ѷɽ֮ʱֻŲһӰһ»ʮɲġǧӰ͹⡱רԻˣõ˷ֱ治ʵ
һʽʹû̫죬ǰҲֻŶʦ棬˿λ̫ϵΪǼ׿ʵƫƫʱ㳡̳λʶҲ̽һʱֲʵˡ
ʯѷɽӰȫնʱȰָԪһѸײڶ֮ƳԵȥ
ʦܵģ
볤һ˲䷴Ӧ˹æֻһȥ顱һһʯ˳ȥȴҲһ
ߣ
׷ﳤָһһȥȻٿ죬ҲֻǴµĲӰ档
Զ˶Ŀ࣬˭ܹõôãȻλ̫϶òˣ
ʦ֣С
׷ﳤڤϴȥһΪܸߣֵ洫ȫԡ
δ˵֮ʣϺȻƴһƴ˹һƲ֪ʲôƷʮֹ죬
볤ϼ״һ»ʦǰһƴ˲γһɫӡ䡱һһײһе
һ£Զ˸ĿɿڴڤҲ¶ɱ֮ǰ飬Ȼ˵ˣ˱£ǽȥ½طȺ
һɲǣѴ⣬ǵҲãҲգƴΪ𣬽Ҳô뿪նݳ󻼣
λͨҲһɲʦ룬ƴΪҲҪɱӣ
ʱǺɽӰ߷˹ȴ֮ǰȥȡˡ
ǰһĻʵϵһΪ̫ߣ洫ôλ벻ͻӡסܣͻӡôǵΪ⼸ĿҲ׷ˣҲ衣
˲ȥѲطŽȡ˳˿һ˲㳡طŽڤͶȥϡӽ
ڤҲ룬ֽסĲطŽڹŽеһɲǣʱϷХ֮
ȻΪԶ󣬵ҪԦסطȹŽҲǲܵģΨλϺһ𣬷ǿʹط֮
ǡŽط棡
ԶʱгϽطŽ˳δطŽҲ˵ڽһѹŽʦ£ĪǾǴ˿̳ѣ
һߣ۵Ҳһ޷׾ǧǰطʦŷұǰѽطô
طŽز¶һնħն
һ˲䣬ʶ̸ܵǹӽ⣬֪˽ͬСɣû뵽ԭطģİѴݽʯ޷׾˽һҲסˣδ溵ĳʱˡ
ǲ֪֮ˣδ֪סطŽɲһչҪȥ
볤ϼҪߣʱݻɽһ̧ʱƾ䣬һǧӰ˲䳯ȥ
⡭
Ӱһ֣ʱⲢԪӤ֮ǻߵķأ
أǻԴһڴУʩ֮˱ףκ˽򣬱ΪԶڶԷ֮ϣѵõ
ͨΨ뻯֮пɣһٸ棬Ҳδһɴͨպ볤ϱ˷أʩչû죬ҲסƬˡ


0502 
ӡһ˲⸽ʮأһ˲䱻һҪȥǺˣ鼱֮£ֻתס
볤ǿжһУȻԪĹ󣬴ʱɫ԰ʱڣֻάŷأȥʲô
ڤԥֳֽ｣󣬴ýϣֻһնȥ
Ա߰׷ﳤϺʯϿһԼԦطŽҲһ˲˫˫ƣԪһն
˰׷ʯһնʱɽ𵴣ʧɫããؼ䣬·һɲʧȥ˹ԣΨһնȥɹŽâ˵ҫۡǲط֮â
ط治ѣһƱ񣬾أ
䣡
δطѾȻŷά֣ĹҲڽ֮£һɲǻҷ𣬶ЩɽȵԳܴ˿̲ط֮һ˲仯ΪУ
㳡ȻƬƬѿƬƬݣһ֮أããأ̳֡
ڤ¶ģձƴΪҲҪط󻼣˼ˣһ½⿪ӡɲǼ䣬ų˵ҫ۽⣬ʱڰգ·һ
׷ﳤϸʯҲ˲ôˣһ½⿪ӡһ˲䣬ɲط潣âǱҫ۶Ŀһնȥ
һĻǵЩطȵӸŵЩΪĳϣҲһ²Ȼʧɫ

ȫѱط潣֣ô粽УȻҲ޷ֵס˿̵ĲطŽ
ͣ
һ죬ֻѪϱ˳δȻܲסˣֻǻصһԼͷն£ûһ˿ء
ҹմǱ߻ʱÿһĻλ̫ϳնȥһĻ档
Ȼ䣬Ժֻ˵ţ̨ϣǸѪҲµľǿꡣ
һҪ
ҹҲ֪ԼΪλͻȻ뷨ֻǺȻ뵽꣬һĻ˶Ҫɱ꣬ڣλ̫ҲһҪɱһҪ
֮У˭˭飬һɲǣ㳡ϱ紵ߵĳɳֿط齣ֿ˵궷̨Ǹǿ꣬в˾һ䣬紵
˿̵뷨ʦ֪ˣֻ»Լ
ֻϣһѾԽԽˣ۲Ѫ˿ҲѪϻҲ޼ôδ뻹δδ뻹δԼ溻Լȥڽδȥô
֮»δŪ壬ֻδҵô

һ˲䣬͵ʲôħڣӰ׹ǳߵǴΨд󡭡ֵܵ˿̲ط潣
֪ܷʱΪãǴ˿̣Ψһԣ
˼ˣֻƴȫڽ缤֮£͵ؽһһʮǣ˲з˳֮⣬ǰ׹ǳͷǣ˷Ǵ
һɲǣֻԭأȻɷ׹Ǵӵֱоȥʹ㳡ͻȻɭһֲ
ǡʲô
֮أ˹ֲľһ̣׹ǼأȻ־һ𣬲ϷХ֮ŻǿţͷƤ鲻ѡ
ԶطڵŵĵѣΪĳϣɿ£Ҳе־岻ѡ
ɷɷɷɷɷɷ
ֻİ׹Ǿһֱһط潣ȥ¡һ죬㳡ʱѣ˷ĽһɲǱΪ촷ۡ
طŽĽն棬վǱֵڤϺͰ׷ﳤϣʯϣԼһάַص볤ϡ
λ̫ϴ˿ܽټǴǿֲ˽һѪ³󵹷˳ȥ
ɷɷɷɷɷɷ
İ׹ȻɢһطȣڵӼλ̫ˣŵûɢּ׹ѹһ̣˾дͷ
ϡ
û뵽֣˷ҲƵĳλ̫ȥֻλ̫ϵڵϣѪֹȻܴأҲһս
һ̣طһţ˿ֻŲѣǿİ׹ãվԭضҲҶһ£·Ƕ˹ȥ
ٿ㳡ϣʯվһֻ̣۲Ѫ˿ѪǸղűطŽǽˣֻƤˡ
˿ŵصĸ̫ϣкȻԺ·ħǸղŶҪɱ㣬Ǿɱǣطȡ


0503 
һɲǣеˣкȻһʹǰ·ֱǴ֮Ļ档
ɱɱŮɱСħͷ
ɱǣ
ɱǡ

ɱɱɱɱɱɱ
Ȼ䣬ֻ۱Ѫ죬·ħһĿ£˫һ죬İ׹ǶʱХѣ˲طȣ
ۼطǧҵҪһԶλ̫Ͻŵĵѣæֹ
ȻƾЩӣ˿ȥֹֹǰгɶ
˾ʧ룬ͷܣԹ˲Ͼǧһ֮ʣ֪ģȻһƵ̾Ϣ֮
һƲϵ̾Ϣ·ؼطȣһȫʱ侲ֹһոջڻĴܵĵӣʱ˿̶վŲˣǰе飬Ҳˡ
ٻָѣѪɫҲʧˣһ죬˲佫ջǺɽȵķ򣺡λǰ
СѼõ֮ֺαظϾɱء
ڴʱǸƲϵٴʱһ𣬴˵Ϊ
һɲǣֻеһɳɽѹԴصԪ򣬻ǵһθܵ˳صѹ
˵Ϊ鶴澳֮
ֱʱʶһ⣬طܹǧ꣬ΪĴ֮һܵûһ
˲֪˶꣬ƴ˿̲طеһȻӣӶ֪ˣˣط֮ʣҲ
ʱ˿̣ѾʲôȻʱ֪ΪβԼ֣뿪ΪĪ⣬ȫûпܶԸطŪһ㣬Ҳ㱨һ롣
˼ˣٲԥһ˲仯һâȥ
˿ڲطڵӾ긦ʱԾһȻǸմһոǸ˭
ʱѾסˣոǸ棡ٶˣѵһֱڹû뿪
һɲǣԺһ¾ͻ˵һĻѾʱ꣬Ȼǵ
Ǹʱôᣬ治ѹ꽣Ҳطȶǵʱλ̫Ϸ֣μֵ
ļǵãʱ˵Ҫͻһ磬ͻƲˣؽԪľֻأˣûѵѾͻǸ𡭡
棬桭
һ̣಻סм֮飬˫ֲͣˣˣ
ǵӵʦطˣҲҪɵ漸֣һطʱһԾΪ֮ףʲôʲôʲô
ٶˡطܹ֮׵λô
ԽԽǼȻһɲǣȻָӦϢˣ·ʧˣҲ·δֹ
ͷһô£ѵ뿪ˣˣոΪβСӳ֣ûмɵɣΪʲô

ڲطɽһ·УȻŸղŲطǵϢǸ˵ΪĪ⣬ոΪβԼ֣ԲΪɵʦôѵǡ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôɫ΢΢һµٶȸˣֻ޲һ˲ܹݳ֮ң
߹һ·̣Լգܻصľ£һմʱԭʵպȻơ
вƣһɲǣȻӦʲôаɿǰȥȻٶȶ죬ǵϢʼղظ棬Լ֮ң
һ̣磬ȻӦˣǲطȵǸˣڲطȵʱ˲ֻ֣һԭǾǵʱڲطȵĸһǿĴڣ
¿ˣֻеЩͷƤ飬ԭһڲط棬һǿϹԷһյľȫĿˣԼȴ˿δо쵽طǸˣȴǸӦ˶ԷĴڣʶûжԼ֡
ҲǣңԶĶ½أԪȴλԪŵĵطᵱûʿˣǰۿԪʢѲڣûǿߣ
뵽˴˲亹µĲˣããؼ䣬ȻɽɽˣǵǰԼ˵ġлڡ
ȡԡ׾Ǭԣ˼ǣһ˼ʹﵽٸߵĳɾͣҲҪ佾꣬ؽʧܣĪ
Ϊ֮ͬǼܼЩǧϹվ
Žӽƻ֮ʱѲ֪˺δһ·ͣĵУƺ˷򣬶ʱǵʼ֮ңϢ˿ڽƽˡ


0504 
ˡ
һôܣԷʼְ룬Ҳܲˣô죿
һɲǣƴһˣܲˣΨԽƴһ񵱳ڕDϮɱʱڽŻܹһΡ
˼ˣٲԥѸǰȥ̫տҪһõķ㣬Ա֤һС
ԼСһɽȣ¡֮ʣ˴ȴ´ůһ㣬ˮӢͷףġ
ʱȴ˲ÿǺϢѾԽԽˣͷһۣǰܣȴ֪иʲôذһӡ
Ӵĸ·۵ģϽлӴ
ֻһŹһתͷȥȴ·һؤǺвֹԭȴո̫ܵˣûע⵽·и˯
ֻؤƾɣԱ߷ŸŽŰֹˣʵ
ӴӴˡ
ؤǱŽŰֹû̫࣬˹ȥ֮ʱֿթһͣס˽Ųʵɻߵö·
߲߲ˣ««
«
ؤﲻͣź«ע⵽߲ԶĲݴи«ǱԼո߷ģֻľҺȴȫ˳
߹ȥǺ«˻ؤָٿ磬һѴù«ﵹ˼ڣȴ޼ξ֭
ؤһְˣҵľȫûˣң
⡭
ǿվƺ«һʱ֪룬ԼԷطˣ˵һƱǣǳΣգ뿪˴˿У
вУ
ؤҡף˵ˣͷˣ˭ȥ
⡭
һüۼϢԽԽ˵ʵ׷ɱýִ˴ˣػὫҲɱˣǸϽ뿪ðװ׶
ٺ١
ؤ˿£ٺһЦֽ°͵ĺһ˦߲ݵһڵ˰ǻ󴵣˯ҹӰӶûƼһҪŻϽлҲģɳһ˵׷ɱ㣬ֲϽлҸʲôҪӣ
ҡ
˫üһʱԶԣ벻УԼȻҲᱻ˷֣һ˶ҪԼҪ𴦲С
˼ˣԥؤ˹֣ء˵գһһȥˡ
Լ˼ʮһɽȣʱĺɫĺϣɽùɭɭͣʱȻӦǵϢˡ
֣ôûˡ
˫üһǺȥȷʵҲӦ˵Ϣˣѵû׷ˣ
һȷû׷ˣвЩ֣Ȼո·ǸŹֽлӣѵ
Σ˵ز˾ԥһԶȥˣ̼ʧӰ

˿ǰɽĺɫȪˮʣؤ˫ۣȣŲݵأȻСһңɵӡ
һֻص֮һˣ׷Сë׷ôЩ·˵ȥЦ˵㰡շ磬Ҳշ磬ôͬأ
ֻԶһӰһۣͷҲŶñؤΪ֮ôӦþǲطȵʮߴǳķ֮ˣһΪɲ⡣
ٺ٣ôڸ˻Ÿͷء
ؤٺһЦ˸֧ãֹź«Цٺٵؿŷ߽֮ģ飬Щ
벻겻³Ļô˷
֮ȻΪȴҲСǰؤؤݣȻҲͬСɡ
ؤŸ«δȴһվٺЦ֮ĪΪϽл֪ʲôˣ㲻ܶ
Ŷ
洫˷֮һɲǣһԶﴵؤٺЦЦȥŵλҲڳô
һ֣֮ʱɫһǱȥֻһӰ˳ͬһɫۣͷϴŶññһƬģ
֮΢ѵֽӣԣϢӦǡ
ģǺ߽ˣ˶㲻¶òؤȻЦϽлӻڣҲûϵң
طþò
Щͳͳ˭˵̧֮ͷ֮µһ󣬵ʱ΢һɫ㡭


0505 ⽣
İѻصľ£ȷû˸ٺ󣬲Ĺȥ
ϪˮģڶǰĥҩɫԽŵʵûгʲô£
ҡҡͷȲطǱߵ飬ڲطֳĶʱ۵ڳ£þͻԪ򴫿
õ⽣ˣһ˳
˹ȥ溼ʱƵӣһصڲطȱ
δأΣ
˶ǰһۣҪ߽ȥæſ˫ֽȵȡ㣬ڲܽȥ
ôˣ
üͷһ壬ʲô⣬ܿ׹ӦԼ˿̣ȥ
һȽȥŽ
̧ͷһۣһ˵ţһ߿ȥ˵ͷغš
ֻ棬δһ˿մľʯϣӣı覡
ɣ֮ؿϷɢһ˿˿ĺЩһһ͸
ЩǷɣ֮Ϊ˱谭գ溲ŽϵȥˣԸող
˿̣߽һ˿˿뻨δʮδЩתָؿҲʼ΢΢
溾ؿţͬΪŮӣ˿Ҳ·𱻻δһסˣ˺ÿ֮ˣֻϧΪλħ֮ŮΪݡ
˶ҪɱԪ򣬸Ѿû֮ˡ

һ̾ɸɾѣãһŪ֮󣬲Խˡ
һʱĻδ룬֪ΪΣȻһʹԺֻһĻĻڶٳݳɹţ˶ܲطȶ˵׷ɱ
ж٣һȥɻ١ɽϱѩ죬˷顣
ǰһУִļһһӹһ̧ͷ溣·ϣѾȫ˶Էʵ𣿡
ҡ
溲֪λشδ뿴˿˵ǰ𽥺תΡң֮ĻԪˣ˭Ҳûа취
תͷҪ׼ѲĻͿҲѲˡ
ָǰǺȻһʴ棬·ֿһĻһĻ
֮壬ԪҲŵ֮죬ΪԼһţڶڣΪԼõҶӣһдڶɲ˵¡
һΣ壬Լ׷Ȼʧء
ֿ̾ŻδˣҲҪ׼Ԫ򣬶Ѿݲˡ㣬𣿡
תͷãֵһ컹ͽܣ£һݲһ𡣡
û˵ۣԺһĻʱȥѺˣȳȥɣ
á
ٴδ뿴˿ȥ
棬һ紵Ҷɢֻһ乳±䣬һ˿¶ȵĺ⡣
Լһ溲ŴӶ˿ɫҲã˵⽣õˣ㻯ڽ

溵˵ͷȥһ¾棬¹ϣֻĺ⡣
ڽȻڲطȣƳڽʱֱڵܽѾֻ꣬һвͻʹθϼˡ
ڱʯͷϣǰߣһֽۣ⿪ѣּۣüιСӣҿ㣬ʲôأ
Ǹ
漴۱ϣСʱ壬һֱ溵ѣްǷ֮롣
⿪ѣֻҼ·һỬļȴһĿĵĽˡ
ǰһµģʱΪסδ룬һֻҩȵһ£ʱѾ
ʱۣܹϵ˿ڣһɲǣԺܹһ龰һֻΪ뿪ǰһŵԼ֮ǰᱣδ롭
ô
Ѳˡ
üĵ˵ţֳָʱһĻĻ
ʹô
ٺ٣ͲʹˣͷҷҪءӴۣ溽㣡
¹䣬溵˫ۣȻһºˣԺƵĻ棬Ҳ๬ʱնʦͷ­Ļ桭


0506 ɰ
Ϣеҡ
ֻǴ˿һССı仯Ҳˣ溻عû˵ֻȥЩˡ
һſʼ˹ý⽣ڵ֮ܽʹŽ⽣Ҳһ׵£ʶԱ֤⡣
˹ʱҪƽȣмǲɺȻֿ⣬ҪˣЩʹš
û£㾡溿Զ¹ֵ֣ʹ˿̱ʹȵеʹ
ԥʼ⽣ҹڵĽһ㱻ҹʱȫ
ȥطȣѣ
ҹɫޱߣ绺ɽȣ΢΢תתͷʵ
Ȼ۾һһ˿һ˵ĸ̫ϣ˴ˣʱԻָ
ֻˣ
΢һüΣ˿˵ɡ
ǶһѹŽҲ߲ˣôħڣ󣬲ŵһ
˵ţ˵طλظ˵飬溵ġ
ô
溲ټʲطȵˣһֿڵգȥʦʱ˿㣿
Ǹˡ
Ǹˣ
Щ⣬ָĸˡ
һ˵ٶǰȥûǸˣ˵Ψһĵӣ顭
顭΢΢һ
ûˡ
ƽ˵ţԺֳָ˵һĻֻһѾǿˡ
ؼǣ֪ݣʦˣԪ򣬶֪ˡ
ܹиܵеĳޣһֻΪŵˣǷǳµģʦ׵塣
㻳ɡ飬йأ溺Ȼ˼
û˵̼ǵõȥɱž֮ǰλСҥɲŮǰˣҥ߹ţֻ죬ԪԿ
ʵڣ֪ʦ֮便ʲôԹʲôޣ£ʦûΨǴ壬ԼżȻᵽ֣ʦͺȻɫ
Ҳ֪
عƹܣ仯޳龿ǺΪȥ飿
Щڱ｣ǳ䶨ϣ｣ģֻԼʦһˣ˵ҲᣬǾֻǧѡ
ѵǧɱЩɱЩˣ˭ָʹģ
Ǳ𣿼ٿˣһҹڷ˭̵һЩʲô֪ͨҲŹ
ʲô֪Լ֪˻иңȴԼĸ˭֪ͨգһ뢣
ǣʲôϵʦһУ͸ĸʲôϵӹŴ£ڶʮˣҲ˳ֹǷкιϵ
ôˣ
һ̣ԸܵҵϢѹҡҡͷĬֻһ
ģҹһ˿ҲڱˣѣתͷȻۣڳ˵ˣм£һֱûü㡣
ʲô£
ۣһǰ溣룬ŵȥ½ߺûãżȻһ£Ŵɰһ˻
˵ʲô
ɫһ¾ͱŴİٶˣûһ˲֪˭˰˽⿪ڣȴ˵һ˻
侲˵
溲µˣʱ˵Һе飬ȷʵôһˣ˵ϲгգ·죬λĳʦݳǣ˱ȥݳѧϰգ˶һ١
ݳǡ
ɫһ±øˣݳɽԶϷ߰ٶ͵ˣ֮˶ԲԶҪһܵ

溵˵ͷƲ⣬ڹȥʮˣݳĳ¥ӣһ˶ԣֿ󡣡
ü΢ǡݳô󣬴ССľ¥ݣǧңˡ
溵ҵĹŴ壬ʵҲҴ壬֮࣬˼ȻݳǣȻѲԼԭ֡


0507 ݳ
ҹ֪˼֣˼ãΣҪȥݳǿҵǸˣͿԽ⿪⣬ǹ
ǡȥδɡ
á
߻˶δȻʯϣ·ֻ˯һ
δ롭
ָ֣ϣȻеһɳǵıִʹһ¡δ룬Σһѹ

ڶգЩģȥУһҹָ溵ɫȥѺ࣬Ž壬ϵĽˣҲʧ
ĵȥɣδ룬һչ˺

˵ͷһջǾȥݳǿܷҵǸˡ
ݳλɽϷٶ⣬λüѣžλ⸽ʶݳǼǷǾһĴǣס˿ǧ
䣬ҴҰ꣬Էˣз˵ŶǶԣ˵һ˶ϹʱЩħ֪һ붼ΪֻǴ˵
Ϊķ󶼣ȻҲǷˣ˾ۼĵطȻٲݵȵأһЩҴڣַ֮еһűӣȻˮ
һһ죬ڷ֮ꡱݳ쳣֣ʨʨϷĳϷҼһƸٲȻһϲĹա
˷磬ڽϣŽֵĺͯСʱÿ꣬ǻԼ֯ѣȻȥϲɰЩתۣԭѾȥʮˡ
ţǰһָȻϷתǣֻһ¥ΧˣԭȴǰЩգϷݳ
¥棬ֻϷ̨ݣ·ʶϷĽǶͳϷʦ
ϷĽǶݣϷʦγֻϷʦٴ죬ѽѽѽѽѽֻһһǴ˴ȥٰǴŵľѣĺ󵹣ʱӺס֣
ԭϷݣǵ֮¡
λӣ룬룡
¥ſڣƼòæǰк
¥棬̨һĻ˿Ƿ紵ĺ棬ַ˵
̨ϵĽǶݵͶ룬Ϸʦոһһ춼ܽǣ͵ģֻһͷʦˣʱ࣬ѽһף˵ͽһ½ʦݲͽͽһ£Ҳʦˣ
Ϸʦ˴ǣ˵ģ·¥ˣ֪Ҫʲôˣ׷վкͯס˫ۣмŮͯŵÿˣϿ޵ҪҪ
顱һֻ̨һĽǶ˫ͷһģǰõĺ֭Եȥ
šһĵ£¥һһֱߵյУǷ׷׶̾ϢŮͯᣬסš
ϷʦΪף˵һһΪʦȴǴӲ˵ħӣɼ֮գ֮ţ
λϣޱϲ벻Լ飬ڷﱻıϷЩţ˵ԼħŮᣬɱˣЩķˣΪԼ߷߲ƽ
ƨ
ھ¥֮ʱȻһƦƦǳĸɶƨĪѵֻһ˾Ϸѿ𣿡
ֻ¥վ˸ƦӣƦӴϵһϷһ߿һ˼Ϸÿ첻ö֮࣬ûҪ˵ÿһһڶûûˡ
ʱ¥ڿȥˣ׷׳ȥۣȻʲôۣǱһĿˮ
иСȥˣŭǣһ׿ϷģûһӶϹʲôأ
Ʀ߳ŭȥȭͷһȭСȥҪܣ
رſϷ˶ȥˣǲǸǮֻǾ¥Ϊٶر˵ĸƾһ֮ԣƦȴͬռС˲˵ǣ˷׷׳Ұ
¥ƼˣæȰ⣬֮УҲ֪ʱȥˣǷ̬

ȥ£ݳС¥ջǧңҪȥҵŴӹһٵǸˣ
˰£ȴû˿ͷ꣬һһ¥û¶ãȴ¥³ֻƴһؤƣ߰ɣ߰ɣûˡ


0508 ؤ
ĿһⲻɽǸؤݳǣϸ룬ؤ󣬲ط˱û׷ˡ
һɲǣ϶ؤǷˣȻ⼸˼֮䣬ؤѾƵȥ
Ҫ׷ȥ룬ȴͣȥδͻһ¥ǻһƣžƺ«ȥˡ
߹ü֣ҲؤˣĴţŶ̶һؤȥˣ
Լʱ䣬һߣʣͷϰϰȴͷеӰʯնɲؤ
˹ȥֻؤ˫ۣʯնɹ̫ź࣬˯˹ȥ

ȴް㷴ӦԽԽ죬ȥȴֲװ˯

ֺް㷴Ӧ߽һЩ࣡һҿƺ«ݵؤıǰ
Ȼؤ£һ¾˾һץ˾ƺ«ϣЦּˣɻǵ
ؤۣԭСӡ
ЦɽУ߷һƣƣˡ
ٺ٣Сӻϵ
ؤ˵غס޵ôЩ꣬ⷲɺˮľѽ
΢Ц˵ⷲȻǰôΪϣһ˿һϢҲܲ
ΨһǴûκΪǴΪԶԼ֮ϣܹշ硣
Ƭ֮ؤһ«ƺ꣬˸ãм΢̬֮һۣٺЦΣһգǱĳ׷ɱˣ
΢΢Цǰ֮δΣա
ٺ٣ͺãͺá
ؤЦЦһָָͤͤûµӣÿҴͷҾͽ¸Σ
ˬӦ˵
ڶգ籸һƣȥǺͤȴؤȻڴˣֻǲ֪Ⱥ˶á
̫̫ͷ˺ð죬̵ƴ𣿡
ؤǲͷҡ֣һЦžƺ«ͤЦڴ˵Ⱥãʧ񡣡
˺ˣ˵ˣԶŵˡšţζ
ؤܵľƣԣȺҪ˵ĵһ¡
Ҫ˵һ£ãںܾǰиԷɽ·һ߽һֻǶǰλ߶ģԷ¸ͷԵؿȿһ֮ԷҪؼңȻȻͷһȴѸá
Էɻ󣬱ҴææɽȻصʱ򣬲ŷ˽ѲϵãԭɽϹһ侹Ȼȥһꡭ
ؤ½ˣеľҲˣţЦǰÿµĹ¡
£ǰʱ壬ȴŻط˵гǣղſϾ
£ɷи±ǨҲܸġ
˺ˣȥɣ̫ռǵø磬㽲һ¡
ؤҡҡλΣһ˵ţһͤȥ
ص˿ջڶʱ컹δͤȥһ·½΢ȵͤʱոȻؤȴͤˡ
̫̫̫
ؤҡ֣һЦžƺ«˽ȥձһ££ֻͬ£ħڽЩ޹ϵ
ʱؤո磬գˣͤʱ컹δؤȴѾˡ
ɵÿЦֱʱϡ滹Щ䣬չʱžƺ«ջˣƬ̺ȵͤؤһڴ˵Ⱥˡ
㲻𣿡
ʵǿЦԣֻؤ·ֻһˣӣ֣˸磬˵ͷΪ춼һɷѿš
ҡͷЦ߹ȥƺ«򿪣ȿھƣůůȡ
ؤӹľƣڣԱߣ߸£Σؤȴûٽˣ˵ƣҲˣеȻеˡ
㣿
֪ؤ«﾿ʲôҩͤĺˮ˿Ī캮ҪԼȥץ
ȿȡ
ؤȻҪȥץ㣬ˣͷ㣬ֱ㣬㣬Ԩ㣬ˮ㡣
üͷ΢΢һ壬ǰ˵ùȥɺԨ㣬ˮ㣬Ǹʲôã


0509 ̬
ؤЦЦٺ٣ݳôͰ¥ңͷڳʮ㣬ֻ죬һͷɾĺȥ
ֻһ˵ţһߺСͤȥӰʧҹɫ
һʱ׽⣬ˣݳļҾ¥ĳӻˡ
ڶһ磬ȥ˾¥ƹˣǰߵͺ㻹ãɺԨˮ㣬ƹʵǲ֪ƣĳӣҲҡͷԣʾδ˵ˡ
ȥ˺ЩҾ¥Ȼһ⣬֪ԨˮǸʲôá
ڵʱұ˴ССо¥һΪ¥ľ¥
ƹĻƽ۾Ҳð⣬Ȼһ˵ǹŹֲҲеЩͷˣ־ԨЩϤ˵꣬Ҳǲˡ
͹Եȣȥˡ
ƹһ˵ţһ߱Ҫȥƹһɣ֮ǰܹĵˣҸʮƽ𡣡
úã͹ĪϳˣӦ˵ˡ
ƹ־ϲʮȥˣʮƽǿɲ棬൱¥üˡ
˺߳ֻƳǸ׵ߣƹ˵Сʱ¥ӣÿ꣬ҲӲݣڵһ˹˴뱲ӣҲδȢӣƽҲ˵Ѿʮˡ
죬
ƹʮ˷ܣ֣ʦвˣתЩ壬ǰλɸɾİ¹ӣʶˣ°Ū˶Է·ϡ
ƹЦλ͹Ҫˣˣֱ㣬㡭ֺòˣǲѰɣ
ʦ˵ͷһ˫ǵ۾Ҳʲô仯Ե÷ǳĬЩ׾
ƹЦǽˣֱǡԨ㡯͡ˮ㡯
˵ʵƹԼ˵ʱ򣬶Щƣ˲ֻܹ㣬Ū˳Ҳá
ȴʦ֮˫ǵ۾·ͻȻ˹⣬ֻҲزٴοʱ˵鶼һˡ
ƹµӣǼˣɫ죿Ҹ˵ɱʱɵλ͹ٿʮƽ𣬻᲻㵹˵
ᡭᣬһᡭһᡭ
ʦϵͷ߽һ϶˵ţҲ̲סƹ˿ʮƽǿʮƽţرҲܸˡ
ǡ
ƹŵʱʦ̧ͷΡΡؿһۣС˵Ҫ⡮Ԩ㡯㶼ɣһҪУ㣬ֻ̫УǶÿĺ󣬷ݽڲ³
Խ˵ԽͿˣƹæϵˣǰЩҸպ˴Ǳߴ˼ʮںԺңȥá
ƹЩ
ʦֽסˣҡͷԨ㣬ݵ㲻ɣԺû㣬ѵҲ𣿡
˵գȥŵݾԼǧ֮ңһȥһذԣСǵȵãȥȡ㣬ºСɡ
ƹԼֱţĵ찡죬ƽҲˣʱʵûû㣬ƾգ㣬ѵһζصãʮƽˡ
޷֮ǰһὫȡ
˵ţǧ룬Է˶ԻԶԣҲһ˲Ǭˡ
ƹһ£ؿ⡭⣬ǧ͹㡭Ī˵Ц
һȡ
һ˵ţһȥˣƹ㶣˵ʲôȴֹģֻҪĵˣʮƽһ١˵գȥ
뿪¥ȥ⣬ץʱ䣬ֻʣһˣ֮ʱؤ뿪ˡ
˼ˣɽ˲仯һϱȥˣⷲδȥƾͼҪҵҲѡ
Žӽʱݳǣϸ΢̲죬Ҷ˴ҴҸ·
һ꽭ϡ
벻֮ⷲУҲһʫ续УʵǸ㲻ؤ⣬֪㣬ƫҪԼݡ
Ȼ뵽ʱ봺δˣݳ䣬ȥЩʲôħ;
ҲʲôŵӣҲʲôħŮ

ʱǱϵֻ̫ϸƮƮں棬һ
ʱߺ𣺡ɽǰطɣһˮʣң¡бϸ겻顣
ǳ֮ˣȴһͷң£дỊ̇ԷŸˮͣкüζ
˹ȥЦʵ
㰡
Цݣ˵ֳ֮裬Цʱڣݳǣֻһڴ˴۰ɡ
˵˲ǲ
ϴЦȻԵãδ֮һۣ˵գֻͣˮ𣬾㣬ȫֵ˺

gui㣺ɽǰطɣһˮʡƣ־͡


0510 ڽ
⡭
Ṵ̋ȫֵ˺ʵ޽⣬ı£һ죬ܽЩָץĻǰδʧͳ
ЦǱһ֧ͣʱ
ԶһۣǱ߻һͣ뷴ʱ磬ǱԼˡ
㹳£Ϲڼ̳裬֪ΪΣʱϸ꣬һ˷ĸо
ϸʱ䣬Ǻؤÿȥƣȥ˻ˣڼһУгжƣǷ̬
˿ﴹЩ꣬
ȻСʱ壬ȥϪץ㻹ÿÿŪۻؼңѵ򵥵ĵҲ
뵽˴һЦ˿ŰЦ裬־Ƿ̬һɲǣʲôһ
ЩԼ׷ϵΪȴʧң̬֮ⷲԼոеġҡ
ԣӹ棬ЩԼλ񣬻Ŀģǿ֮һֶΣΨл֮󣬷ܽһﵽ棬֮Щ࿹࿹ҳһУҵ֡
ȻԼȴңңʹΣҲͬǡϵЩһαʧңΪ˻񣬽ﵽĴ˵֮
һɲǣǴ󳹴һǷӹһһġֱ֮ã߲źȻ̵ЦСѣСѡʱոˡ
ȻֻɫҲ֪ʱͣˣողűôһ͹ȥʱ
㻹òǰ꣬ʱжһոͣʱһĻ㡣
ЦˮͣұҲСˡһ˵ţһһģԵˮƽƽ˹ȥ
ˮͣʱǰ̣ĺһ㣬ʩһ񣺡лǰ
Сѻȥɡ
һЦգ֮䣬ֻˮ̺죬ٲһˣУ벻ССԭҲ˸˴ڣԼС
⡭
ۼĺȽȽ͵ػعٵˣٵȥݵؤˡ
˼ˣˮȥ⣬ֻչ˲Ǭˣһһ˲ݳǧ֮ңصݳ⡣
ĺɫδȫ»ʱȥ¥ĵ˶á
ص¥ʱƹȻˣ°Ͷˣȫ֪ģһŷӦ͹٣죬졭
ȥʦѽǰ˶ȡأٵԼʱ⡰Ԩ㡱ҲˣԨȴѰһ
ƹͷЦ͹٣ɻ⣿
ۼĺɫʵһˮأ
ʦ˵̴ӹʢһˮ¼лʲôҲûС
⡭ˮ㣿
ƹһ£ˮһֵĻƽãҪоͺˡ
ʱʦ̧ͷһ˫۾лǣǰİ¹ӣΡΡʵʹӣǺҪĵˣ
һλ
صִȡʮƽƹֱǿҲˣһۣʮƽһţĵ˺һƿȥˡ
˳ǣǰؤ˵ȥˣʱ컹δڣֻؤȻ˯һ棬ӱѹģȴԣ۶ϡ
ǺǣСӣͷҪĵˣ㶼𣿡
Ȼ
һЦʳзҶĵϣһһ򿪣ʱζ֡
š㣬㣡
ؤһڣʱ̲סʳָһ߳ԣһ߲ס޵ζԨ㣬ζ
ԣãǰؤ̫ͬϣ̲İһʲôѰˣ֮ⷲУλز¶ĸˣҲֹλ
ֻڣò̫ǰλ⣬±㾲ȶԷꡣ
Լʱؤ㣬һ롰ˮ㡱ڡ
Կţ⡰Ԩ㡱Ƿζʳ壬һˮ㡱ɤģҲܵ
һؤʳϣһЦΣĵ㣬ɻĿζ

ؤƺ⣬ֺһھƣٺһЦͷ߱鷲ߵģǱСӣЩȴҺȾƣҳ㣬ҲҲգͷƽҲϲǷˣһнˡ


0511 Ž

΢΢һȻؤһˣֻǲ֪ҪԼĽǺεȽ
ؤžƺ«ٺЦСӿˡ
˵գֻͷһھƣȻſһ磬ͬʱָһ˲һԪľҺһ۳һߣ͡һһӷȥ
ֻһӣȴǻҲûлһ£Ȼм䶼Һ䴩һСףż˶ʮӣÿϵĿףͬһϣһֱߡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôؤ⽣ֹǳ뻯ݣ
ѰˣȻҲһ㣬֮󣬱ǷɢɽնȥƱѵأʵϽԽֲԽŪɽҡ˵һ֮ѾɢˣԷױֵܵǶ㿪
ͬϴڲطȣ̫϶òطŽһնǵȽƺε׳ۣȴ֪Ѿɢˣֵܹһ㣬ôҲҪɡ
ٺ١Сӣ㿴ʮ֣͸ոһӣ㲻Ȼȥҿĸûп׵ġ
ؤЦٺٵ˵ţһھƣԴȻˣپڽʱ˵ָһһҶԿΪǴܳɽСȻ̤̤ʵʵˡ
һȥֱûоͷһ㣬˾׼ĽֻǽѣһҪ֮˶Խ裬ǳ뻯ˡ
ʮر｣ҲˣЦЦ˾׵Ľ¸ʰ·硣

ؤҡҡ֣Щģͷʹ룬ոǽʲôšˣһʱ벻ʲôˣʱŽˡ
ŽΪ졢ءˡ
ͷһЦȡá
˵ˡ
ؤҡҡ֣СҲƨͷȸŽã֮ҪŽΪҽ㾳磬һΪ˽ڶΪؽΪ콣
ϸţŽ֮˵
ؤͣһ˵ܹŽ֮ˣһСպܷɣǾͿԸ컯ˡ
˵˴ȻȻصһ㣬Ϊ˽뽫ԪڽϣһУԪܹ˿ҲɢΡٺ٣Ըȥ
ʱȻЩĶԪУ൱Ԫǽɢ˵Ļν壬װ˷Ԫ
ܹһ㣬׼еĻѰϵ߶ܹ˻ߡ
ؤʱӣٺһЦ˵ڶ㡮ؽڡ˽ĻټԪͬҪԪֻɣȴԶǡ˽ȡ
Է˵˴Ѿµ˵㡰콣ؤٺЦ㡮콣һҪƸۣ飬ضΪҪľȫԪܷӳһһ˿Էӳ˽ʱֻʵ䷴
ľȫԪ
Ѳµ֣˿˵ǸеЩ΢΢𾪡
ҪľȫԪҲ˵ܷ磬磬Ե֮ʱҲҪľģһ˿ӣ;ƷӲ˽ʩչ˽
ȫԪһԹУ˽ȻΪˣݹʮر｣ҲûǿĽУ׶ҲʮԣҪľȫԪһ˿һҲܱһʧֵĻǺ֪ûκء
Žٺ١
ؤͷϸ˼ЦٺʵΣŽף㶼ˣôڣѧǲѧ
⡭
ֻԥôһСؤžƺ«ҪߵĶ״æкסˣȵȡѧѧ
ãã
ؤЦƺ«һӣһ֧㿴ϸˣ˵գ¼һɨصҶ͡Ҷϴȥ
֣ʱӰأĿѣֻۣУнʽȴǧ򻯣ʦʮر｣ͥ
̶һȴǹȥһʽȫؤҲͣٺЦʽڶסˣľٺ٣ոͷѾȫдˣԼɡ
ʱע⵽صҶЩҶԭҲȴеþȻ򣬶ÿһƬҶ棬ȻѾӬͷС֡


0512 齥
⡭
ǸղʵǲǰһĻŶ̶ôһ򡭡ؤĽѾ˺εȾ磿ʵ޷롭
ǰܾԼĽܹͬԽؤһȣֱĿŽԼʱܹɣ
ؤٺһЦδ磬Ͻľ°ɣͷҾ
ǰȵȣδ̡
ҪסȻ̧ͷʱؤӰֻöԷȥħǵаһһһǧꡭ
Զȥչڼȣټֻʣ·ҷɳɳ죬صҶʶһɨ㽫ľ⽣ֻܵպС
ɻǣؤʲôˣɽضǴԼ˲طظˣ䣬ǲԻ
ֱãƽʱһң磬Ӱ涡
뿪֣ݳǵķ߻ȥһ·һ·룬ؤ֮ǰȥҵˣƫƫֻ̫С
֮ǰ˵Ŵϲгգ·죬λĳʦݳǣ˱ȥݳѧϰգ˶ӹһ١
һɲǣз·ʯһһʲôؤԼȥҵˣֲԨ㡱ˮ㡱δ˵¥ȻˣĪǡ
뵽˴иһԭˣԭˣ¥ǵŴһٵǸˣؤԼȥˣȴְԼһأؤԼҪʲôĪǵҲ
Ҳ벻ô࣬һΣ㼲ݳ˻ȥʱҹĻȫ֣ݳǷޱȣʹҹַǳοŸոҹ
¥Ķ࣬ƹװ׬ʮƽ𣬿Ǹ˵òˣ󷽷㷻ʮ輧֡
¥ƽ̨輧ǵĶˣ¥¥µĺȲҲǴ˷
ƹͻæкˣںʮһգ̴̨򽻵ֻԱ߼Сæ֡
һֱҹݳǲ¥ҲطЪϢˣҲ̨һ㣬õ㷹Ȼϴ裬˾¥ԺǼЪϢ
һ¸¹սУ֮죬أȥҲ˯š
ôŴ̨·Եĵߣֻһ磬һֻصźֱ̾
ֻǴǳ¾ɵ񣬿һЩѲҳ£ԭǵ˫ۣ㽥һ⡣
ʱȻһһӰ˴⣬ʱһ㽫˻ȥȻתŵ棬Ӱ¶һӰһΡΡ㡭ʲôˣ
ʦңغ¡
˹ȥ쿴ǰǸӺʼ˿Сʵ֪λӣҹǰ£
һЦΪԷǣЦŵʦհˣǳҼĿζʣʦ⡮Ԩ㡯Сˮ㡯Ǹѧ
⡭
ʱ˿̣ǻһ㣬ãҲ̧ͷǰһЦ㣬ǲ̫ȻЩ磬ʼղ̫ʶԨ㣬ҲǴģ𣿡
̧ͷ˿ջǵ˵ͷȴʲôҲ˵
ʹʲôҲ˵ҲѲµ߰˰ˣ˵λĳʦݣһԨ㡯ʱ˼ǣ㣬ֻܸǧ֮ңԶҪˣȥݡԷ񣿡
ȻĬԽǳĬԽ൱Ĭˡ
ʱʦʢƫƫԴݳǵɺʢһˮһ롮ˮ㡯ˣû㣬ɺˮ֮壬ƣ˼¶Ƿ񣿡
һ֮ڲټĬˣ̧ͷԭ޹˫ǺȻ˫Ҳ΢΢СʵʹӡǺˣ
һ̣ǿ϶֮ǰв²⣬Ϊڳؤ죬Է˵ⷲɺˮľԡˮ㡱ղ˵
ʦǰӦòݳǵ˰ɣ
ŶԷһ˫ǵ۾ʵ
ҹ绺嶼΢΢⽫ʮʱûжκһ˵ⷲﰲȶɹЩ飬ƫƫȴ


0513 
˶Ĭˣͷȥǲڣһ˵ЩʦʱΣһգû˶ûȥɺȡˮȥʱ䣬ҲҲܾȵ޶ˣ𣿡
㡭㡭
һɲǣǶȻһ·𿴼ʲôµĶһָɫ־嵽˼ޣĲ˺ŰЩˤ
ֽһ˵ʦغ£ŵӣڵʮǰŴɰһ£ȻӺ㡣
һŵӣŰЩŵǰ¹ӣֲðôʹݰˣԭɽġˡӡ
㡭㡭
ֻǴ˿̣һʱȻƽ޵һĻȻǰÿÿһۣܿȥĴ񣬿һȫѪ
úòšúòšȾҡҲȾҡ䰡ܵظ䰡
ҪɱҡҪɱң
Ȼ֮䣬ǿ˹һŵˣɫ԰ﲻšҪɱҡһĻȻ¶ʱʧ־
Σֻýסͷʩһŵġľʹ侲
ãſڵ˵˵𣿡
ꡭ
һ̣˶ǰĻ䣬һĻһĻһһӹļ䡣
ãصһ꣬ҶʮˣڳգʳɼҽҲ˸ӣǶʱﳣ޻ҴӴͷӳ˴࣬ǵʱʧ룬һͷ߱ҼȥʱŵûɢпǻδµĺͺﰡΣʱֻ̣һӰȥȭǱӴˡ
˵˴ͣһż֪·Ҵ壬ŶʮͷսҶĴ룬Ҳһδµĺӡ
ü΢ʵȻأϷ򸾶ˣ˵ǵ
ҡҡͷֻ˵ǴӦ䣬峤ֿȭܴӣΪֺƣ޶˴ڣЩҰޣҲҽˡ

˵˴̾˿򸾶ˣҼҸòԶÿÿҹӤޣ޵ʮҲ֪һССӤʲô֪ԭӣûӤι̣δйУ̣
Ҳ˵Ӥüʵ
û
˵ͷ˵ôС̣ܲҼӼǺôСȵࣿĲ̣˰Сȥι̡
˵˴ֳ̾˫¶˿־֮ɫҲЩһºǴ˵һλұȥݣ繫ӷԣλóһԨʱʢȥɺȡһˮˮ㣬Ҳ˶ʱ䣬ȻصʱҹһĻҲˡ
˵˴øˣɫҲԽԽ԰ף۾ȫǿ־֮ɫȻ޷ټ˵ȥ
״ְסļ򣺡ʦţ˵˵㵱ʱʲôֵǺˣʹǺֶΡ
ҡҿҿ
̲ס˵ҿݵʬǽ壬Ѫɺӣˣ˶ˡûһ˻ˣȫˡ
㿴ǺΪ𣿡
ûСûСһȥʱ˶Ѿˡ
ΡΡ˵ţһ˫۾ҲԽԽǣõһпĻ棬ʵأ㿴𣿡
ûСûп
ҡҡͷǣҲѾˡһӵʬδܴʯڳò뿪
֮£һһ㸡ˮ棬Ȼȴֱһ֣֪ѾʲʲôˣԼԾǸգֻΨһܹȷǣԼǹŴ֮ˡ
ҹɫ룬һЩ뿪˿ջӣԼ뿪ľ²һˣҲ֪ǱΡ

ֻصľ£ֻˮľƽ񻶳ȫһƬⰻȻ֮ʱɽѾůࡣ
ɽҩˣǰʵΣҵǸ𣿡
ҵˡ
˵ͷʱ֪ΪΣݳǵ飬ȴеЩأԲȥ룬򶴸ȥʵδأˣ

ʵδ룬˫üͷ֪˵ҡҡͷ


0514 
ôˣ
ɫʱ̧ͷɣ֮ľϢ֮Ѿȫڣڡ޷
޷
̧ͷŶ棬ɣ֮ӵ֮ܣѵ޷δ
˽ֻʯ棬δȻ˯ɫ֮ǰһЩʼ޷
ʯһЩԺֻһĻһĻһĻһĻ˿һһӹļ䡣
ҲҪȫշɣ֮Ҫһʱ䡣
˵
Ҳ
תȥ溼üͷչģҡҡͷѵ֮ǰ˵ܸӡЩ£վܸġ
ǡ
תȥž˯Ļδ룬˵Ҳûа취ˣ仹к˾ȵѵҲҪһ¼һ޶Ĳ֮𣿡
ȲҪż
ᰴļ˵ڷɣ֮ŸոսڣջҪһʱ䣬ȻԤϣҲδؾһжҪٵȵȡ
á
˵ͷټ׷ȥˣȴѾǰԪŵŪ췭ظҲҪҵѻδİ취

ȥ£ﴺͣҹЩ̹ǣĬã溲ſʵҵǸˣ𣿡
һ򵥽ݳǵ˵ˣʡؤһ£֮ᰴ˰ļ򣺡ģһ졭
Ҫ
תͷһۣԶҹĻֵɽ룬˵ұңΣкιϵԼӡ
룬ٺò
˵ţͣһʵϴȥֲطȵ飬ˣ
Σ޷ν֮ʿﺰɱˡ
Ȼһ㷲飬ȻҲдϻȥֲطһ£ѾԪȻ󲨣֪˭ڱƲڸŸɶҪ
΢΢ü˵ʱ䣬㾡СһЩҪ֮£;ҪƵľ£ܷδֻҪˣһҲͺ˵ˡ

˵ͷҲҪѰһ֮أúһؤմġŽԼ̫ġӹ桱
ܹɹӹ桱ҲܹˣǲǺϵα񣬲⾳Ҳܽһոµľ硣

ڶ峿ҵһԨϿȣ˴ľأӦǲŵ溡
ˮٻѰһտ֮ϥ漴ģ߰Ԫһ
˿˿ڣϪˮԴԴãͬʱҲŽĽȻġ
һ紵ҶҶδϪУһ˲ۣʰһ֦֦Ϊһ̳һ㣬͡һʱ㽫ƬҶˣȻƬƬҶҲˡ
Ҷ֮Իᱻ飬ȫһ㣬˿ɢôҶ㲻ᱻ顣
ҪϰŽȵϰؤһƿأѵ˳뻯ľ磬ԲԽһƬƬҶ֡
ϰ죬ƿأѳЧֱº󣬻ѾܹʼŽ
ϰضδ룬ڿʼŽ󣬱㲻ÿȥˡ
һǧľӳóξϴٴҹѱ³ů࣬δǰʯϣûһļʵЩģҲѲˣֻ
һڶգȥԨϿʼŽŽͬСɣպ֮
Ҳؤԣ˽˽Կɣ㾳磬ҲһһϦɣɣҪ¯࣬Ҳһ

ʱ䲻ֹ֪ȥһ£ĺбѩڣ︴գּٻţҲ֪
ͣ
һ죬ֻһ⽣նֱƲǧɸ߿ϵİ׺Ҳٷȥ
ϽʧҲƽϢŽȻףֻǵһ㡰˽ܴǧɸ߿յĲƣһǻһˣ˭ܳܵס
׶ҲʮԣȻֻԪҲͬСɣȻ֮ʧȥԪ緲ͻȻʧȥѪڹߣȻͷĿѣ
һϰѾܹշ磬ѣΣ⽣УĻҲֻʩչΣľԪ
֮ԪݽߣһԪݽߣܼʱָǵҪΣգպ谭


0515 Ϯ
Ȼ䣬ջ壬ϮʱĹʦ¾׾˴ˡ
ԼҲס˵Ǽʱó˹µڵĴƷʵΡ
鹦֮ܼ˻ܹһ㼫Ԫ壬Ԫ֮ǿܹƳʦգҲ޷ԽƳ޷ƳԪ̸ֺԷЧ
ʱ˿̣뵽ĻԪƣŽܷ֮
ʹһ㾳ġ˽Ƴˣǵڶ㾳ġؽأе㾳ġ콣
˼֮ʣȻ̤֮תȴһԻж
Ⱥ˲׷׻ԣĸƢ
Ľˡ
˹ЩʱյĵθҲ𽥺תˣɫȥѡ
δȫɡ
ֲϸ۵ĳҡҡͷ
ʱѲ֪˶ٰѽЩĽʵԳŽĸͽС
ڱĽУָܹһһҶԿΪǶŽĸͽĿǰȴ
溿ҶЩʱγǰӣеǹɺѹֵһ̶ֳȣгһգɺȫ֮ʱٲԨϣֻٶһ飿
˿̣еЩ¡
δˣ
𽥺ת
ĿȻְýϣϢһ°ɡ
һûûҹϾ˼롣
һԶ峺ʵϪˮȻʵ˵Ǹˣ飬Ҫ
Ҫû̻شԭ˳
û˵Ϫˮ԰Ȼһߣ͡һ԰ϣһӵ廨նӣȴΪնŵӴܶȥ
ԪЩɣֻӡ溻˵

ֹȥ죬ûټǾڶʱһһյĹȥȴʼղδ
һ죬ƳྭһΪ㡱޹ҩɣ֮ܣҪʱ䣬ܷδ
ǳؼҪ粽ڶвأδˣͬҲԪ
ջƻʱȻ춯ר滨δʩʱܲôţδᣬûã춯ȴԽԽƵȻȣͼƿȿڴĽơ
ȣ˵ľµλѾ¶ˣüѵ֮ǰȥʱ˸ˣ˵ҳȥ
ȵȡ
̽סϺˮ乣ȻʩЩ˵ǹؼ֮ʱ˴붴룬ǧҪ뿪ʮɷΧ
֪ˡ
춯ԽԽңԥһڶڱϡ
춯Թʶһɨľ棬Ӱ´£֪ʱۼôˣأҲΪԼ
֮ǰڹ˷ƣ˿̴춯ڳƳƣǽ㲻Լ̣ᱻơ
ȻѾ¶˿Ҳټأλʶ֮࣬⣬ݹĳ顭
״ȿڣһɲǣ˵ΪǳĵӱͷĿѣΪĳϣҲеһ룬̶Щ꣬ͽȻΪ
һüһ̤ǰһ̧ۺڹסΧӵͬдȥһǻ
һԸʶ䣬ħΪ飬ŷ֮ɱǰ֮£ݣʶ࣬ٳҪôԶһҵȥţ
ȻüߵΪǼΪڹֱĹľҡ޸Ĵܶӡ
ʱٴδ䵭ԶϾţĳѵλ棬ԶһһĳννţûκιϵԹ壬ʱ꣬λҪƣĪǣΪĳ޴ô
֮ʣֻľϣַӰȴһߣһߣ˵ΪǷѾѿȻ˴ز͵ȥ
߿ǰüߣ˵ˣ˵ʲôȥ˱ǡ
໤һۣ΢һͷ˴ղһǹȿڴȥ顱һʱǰƿĽƣ˴˿̺һʱɢ


0516 ˵
˻⣬һһһףٿȻУҲ̸ȥƲν
˶棬˶һֻǶڱϣվһӣƮƮĿϳǵͽһ
ǰҲ棬Ϊ׵ĹָȥһŮڶУ
Ŵһ˶䱸Ƕлħ̸ˡ
Ȼֶǰ޶ãλʲôϵ˵գϴȥһѣȻˣҲɡ
Ż䣬ֻľ棬ȻӰһƬȴǱļٸ˶ࡣ
ľ˵һ¸ԭЩɵˣ˿̶ǰ̤ȥĿһӣʶ࣬ͽŮԶϾ󣡡

Ȼɨǰˣʵ˭ġ
ˣ֮У˵ö֮Ҫ˭𣿡Ⱥʱ˼
ˣö֮
һЦǵ˵˵ĳʲôҪ֮
ǰǰһվ㱳ʦţͶħ̣һ̻ħŮɱͬǰ㴳ţħŮ㰵йἸħڣͼɡ
֮λ޴ǡ
ȻֶһЦڵãȥ˶½֪Ԫ˺£Щ˾ȻһἸħڵ
һҲɣҲɣԻУ֮գǶŮӣ
ȺƸǣǿһϢһ𣬷ԲɶʱһֻĿȻһ䣬صٲ֮ߣɱ⣡
ΣԨһ㾯ڳˣضʬȫƫƫ޾壬Ȼһ𣬾ŵֱֳ򣬳ͻϮȥ

гϴʧɫҪֹʢĵӣȴȻһ֮䣬һƥϾˣȻȥ
ԪӤĵӣܳ˾Ʋг飬顱һѪɶȥ֪
һ㣡
ֳ֮ϣ˿أŭĿԣԾԾԡ
أ䵭һ˫ַŻ󣬵ص˵һ飬ٲ֮ߣɱ⡣
Хɱžɽȣڱƽɱһһرʼղɽڶǰ
ǰһ̤ɱһѰ·䣬նһȥ
߸ҲͬʱԾ˽磬ҰǸղӿɱȡ
ȻɱУȻ治ɫԪˣƣʱǧ߰٣к¡һԣڳ˽Ϊ֮һˡ
Ĺ
еˣаôһ䡣
޷ԶĿʹ˿ΪߺϹȻأΪ֪ľ滹ʲôˣԲҴԪ
ϣ
Ⱥﲻ֪˭һ䣬Ȼ˳ߵĽƶţԪһߣɽȥ¡һ˲佫Ѫ˻ȥ
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һȣжȻһɷӰ˼ƾٳһɷоһȻħ
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˷׷ǰסˣޱ飬˫һ֮
էŴ˿֮˾һ붨ŵ䲻ȷӦ󣡡
̺˷󣬶ʱ˫ҲѷƲŷӿݡ
һɲǣľȻͣ˫һƣƶ˲صҶγһӰ˺ȻȥƲ赲
¡
ֻһ죬ĹȾһʱɽʯѣ졣
˺ɵĽԿľȴǸһһɲǱ߽⣬ʱ˿̣˽ϲ׷ҷ˳ȥ


0517 ɱ
ҹĻ˶ǰԶɾˣٲǾͲˡ
һֱ˿̣Լǰ˵Ĳ࣬ʹȥٶˣҲֻˣͽĶ֡
һ
ûϵΪ֮ߣʱȻвʣȴҲòʱˣֻһУ糱ˮ糱ˮȥ̼ʧ˲ãĺɫ֮¡
ãĹָֻľˣҲѾ˳ȥˡ
죬ҹĻᴹվڶǰãڴ˴ת붴档
˶ô
ʱˡ
ǰʯϾŵĻδ룬ԼڹУȺ˳ˣ޷ľ£ˡ
溿˿̵뷨˲亹ɢȥʵ뿪𣿡
Ƚҹ
ɫƽһ֪Ҫʲô岻ɵ΢΢һòſСʵĻҲû·ˡ
·
ãڻ·𣿡
ŴԣĬȻͷȥһʼû˸·ҪôɱˣҪô¾
һʯŵĻδ뿴ȥκ⣬ΨһģǱǡ
㡭һҪСġ
ġ

ҹʱ֣һ쪣ɽ͸һɱ֮⡣
һҹ£˶棬ڶڴһ㼫Ľƣڴ˴Ÿҷȥ
հʱЩߣȴ֪ѰЩ˵ʶӡǣ˳ʶӡǶȥһ򾡡
Ҫȫ뿪ľ£ȻҪȽЩȫһ˸¶٣һ·ֻ⵽ֹ׷ɱ֣ȻȫӦԣȴѱδ벻ܵ˺
ڣȾǧѪҲݻδٳκ⡣

ҹ䣬󣬲֪ǧ֮һɽ룬˿һɽ棬ֻĹ֮£ˣǰǹˣߺߡ
˴ʱްɷǡǰ緶ɫȥЩȡ
Ȼֻɭɭڵ˷˳ܻأôΡλٶ˵˰ɣ
ҿմǴݾߣڷǵδסһŮǱأˣϺδѰˣ
ܲġ
ɫһ±øˣľº棬ţܣܲǵ׷٣Ҫģǵȣȼλǰĵ
صˡ
ʱһȻ洫˾һӦöѴ͡˵ü֮С
ţǵͬһӰ˶ڣ˫ĿԲҲֻ˹ֿѪ롣
ȻĻѪ룬ѣһУֿܹ˵ģ
һ㡭
۽Ѫ˿Ҳ벻ףⷽԲǧƸӣΣҵģѵڹ
ˣ˿˿־壬û뵽ǣȻĸɱǡ
ǵӡǰˣǰǸ˼ʦͽȴû֪Ǹոմħڣն֮ġ
㡭㲻ɱң֪֪һ¡ţš
˫źֻ۾Ѫ˿ԽԽ࣬һ仰δ˵꣬ȫѪɿݣһ߸ʬҲδ룬ˣͬˣ˵һ߸ʬ
ҲδһָۣһһĻָɳ˲佫߸ʬΪ˻ҽ
İʱɽﶼһѪ֮Щɵĳϣһ⣬ԱɱжʮΪߵûѪ룬ΪԵ͵ģһûһӵù
һУľ£溼ּɱ䣬ɵ΢΢һɫЩɷףСʵ棬ɾ𣿡
û˵ֻ˵ͷ溱Ҳԥ̱δ룬ȥ
뿪Ĺȣľ棬ķ磬쳣䣬ܣҹɫãشһʱ侹֪Ҫȥδ

㲽һ̤ľºȥҲչΣܱϱŻδ룬ȴ㣬ܹܿһЩմ
ԼһһµĸֻӰӰ´£Űˣ֮ǰӹ˿Щˡ
Щǡ
溰һû뵽ԭҲˣٱ¶֪Ҫ鷳
Ŀļн˳һ
ǡ
ӻɷȻӰһƳ´ȥʱѣɽ顣
֮˻δӦѸ£ں¡֮УΪһƬ촷ۣҲδ¡
ɽ̳溶ȻһһĿɿڴؿþԣʲôʱʼѾɱˡ
Ȼ䣬ԺֳָˣǸӰ


0518 ټ
ãָƽƵ£ɢ̣תȻһ㵵溣ʵǷãЩеĲӦ
ʱŻعҡҡͷЩ棬ûвģһһˣʹǵٱ¶ֻԤϵ⣬ϱŵˣѾҲκһ˿ˡ
ǡȥģ
溻ܣȻֻشȴ֮ˣɱôˣȻ͸Ÿɣ˲ݵľ棬Ҳܻͷ
ҪȥܰδģδǾͷ
֪һطλˡ
תȥӰ֮£ɽޱ޾ǵȥɱžǵķ
º˴գ˶棬ʵĳǽĺɫƻ֡
λԪ֮ƽΪƫƧʶŹϽΧ֮ڣԪ
ö֮ǱУһħĴڣҲˣԪɻˣڴˣճγһԻ޼Ի¥Ի
ǺܴһССң뵱꣬˳ǣߴضȥ˶ĵط¥ͽһ֣֮ɱ˶Хĵ߸أһ鷳
ΪԪӤһ£ѰɲŮ޼ȡ޼Ǳھƪһ˵Ҳռȴ˾ѣǳѣߣѣܺùˡ
ҹɫĺϣ뵱һУ֪Ѿʱ꣬ɲŮĽ飬Ҳ㲻ϴμ棬ǰɱž˻Ҳû˵䣬ڶҴˡ
꣬ɲŮûʲô꣬ҲˣֻԷǵôǰЩ£Ը֮ˣܹδˣߣҹ׷ɱ
ҹĻȫʱǵĶſڣǶǷ¥ڣȻҹҹϸ裬ڳ⣬ܸܵǹɵƺ̵ķΧ
˾ѻϺۣͷϴ˶ñҹɫ谵˿˵òٽʱ溺ȻͣɫԽţǸɲŮɿ𣿡
ġ
ҲͣųƺһƬɲŮ֮Ľ鲻̫֮ǰڶ½ǰ㣬ŵù¥¥ɲŮҲˣͻδٱţδҲ̫ʧˡ
һ˶ҹĻ£ԼɼΣ¥ƸӭƮǷ¥
Ƭ̺¥£ӽܿ죬¥ֳһӰȴһ۵ߡ
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ʹͻȻÿȥʶǸղµ˷ͬСɣʹԳӭӡ
ǺǡСѣּˣ롣
ʹЦ紺磬ְ˸֣ʶ˿ԱߵˣһΪȻ֮ʱѸܵ˶ԷϢԷŴҴҳ
¥УѰһŸ󣬹ʱһŶ룬һǳǳѣǣüĿ续Ĳģ溣ʱҲЩˡ
˭뵽òһɫŮӣȴ¹Ͼ˺µɲŮ
ˣɲŮӯӯһЦѩڣĻòӱ
ŵĻδ뿴һۣʵ⡭ô£
ԪԪɽЩ귢Ĵ£һҲ֪ȻɲŮ֪ͻδ֮£˿޷׿˵ˡ
֪룬Ҳ䣬ֱ˵⣬ﰲһʱ䣬δ
֮ɲŮü˿ЩԥΪѵӣȻ֪ԼĿǰĴ
źԪ֪Լδ¥¥ᱻΪƽء
ʵΣɲŮδҪƣҲܲκһ˿ڣԪûһطǰȫģʱľһҵ
ȻҲȥɱž켫ڣֻģڶǸӰȫ
ҪԽããɳĮ̫֮࣬ԽգδҲκ⣬ðȥԽɳĮ


0519 ӡ
˿̣ɲŮΪѵӣ֪룬˵¥в֮ȥ
ҲҲ
ɲŮݸһЦ˵Ҫ޷ֻǽЩգҲЩЩӵǲصģڴδ빬˱ǡ
ˣ¥ˡ΢һҾ֡
ɲŮһЦ̫ˣַʶһһգɲ衭Ҵȥһ֮ء
ν֮أȴһµͥԺ̨ͤ¥СˮֻԣӦоУԶҲʮֳ棬ȷʵΪʺ滨δơ
˴ܹŵǣӰδ빬˱ǡ
ɲŮ΢΢һЦһۣЦҾͲˣܷ֮Ը˵գתʱһСŶȥˡ
ҹ˾֮ʱŽһдϣδƣٵź͸ɵ׷ɱһЩҩҲҵˣٺò
ֻǲ֪ΪΣܸоɲŮЩֵֹģ֮ǰǵʱҲԼܵ˳һ޵Ϣֻǵʱǣûȥˡ
ûϢͥԺһʶǲɲŮСһЩǺ¡
ҹһĹ棬ȻһƺߣֻɲŮɫɷףȫ亹꣬ϵĴҲʪˡ
ʧˡ
ɲŮ̧ƣһʧõھƪΪνһǧȴֻͣô벽ܻˣƫƫΪ衣
񲢷һ磬Ŀģɹô˱ͬһʵķԾʱִǰ޷ͨƩ⻯صȵȡ
޷ôǶ֮Զֻǻϵ֮һԪľ㽫ֻأһֻأһܷһ;ȴδ֪ˡ
ʱ˿̣ɲŮ亹Σ޷ɹһһ˥ʱԼȻ
ǰΣѾʮӦˣǷ¥һŽƣѱ޼Ͷƣһ޼ХȻɹɡ
ĵǣ޼Х춼ѾǹȴԸЩһһ㽨ķ¥ڶǺ绽ܣȴҲΪǹĿܡ
ǸˣҪ޸ǼҵүΪ½ĵ˫¯ɲŮ÷¥֮ȴǶôɱЦ
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֮ϣɲŮȻһЦѣ¶ѩһļֻ·һǳӡǣȴһ滨
˶Ҿңɲ֪ɲ֣ұ
ɲŮǾӡǣȻ֮ɫֻһȻָ̧֣УԪָ⣬ͷһᣬǼµӡץȥ
͡һƤѣѪ磬ǼµӡǣȻӲĸĨȥˡ
·Ҫޱȵʹ࣬ʹɲŮûѪɫӣʱɷײˣѾʧӡ˫۾Ҳˮ
˶ֻ¹Ϻȴк˼ҹԾ᣿
ǽǴƸۣϧħλĨȥΨһܹ֤Ѫӡ
֪˶ã͸ɴ˽ôѪ۵ıϣѪѾˣˣȴֶһ
ડડડ
ȻнŲɲŮѸٽѴãɫҲ˲ָ糣͸ɴŵǵԽԽӰ
Ҳ˵ЩڵûҵķԸǲô
¥ˡ
ǵӰǷ¥ɲŮ֮ģһǳǳѣڣҲ¡
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ɲŮϥϣص
˫ü΢͸ɴܸܵʱҵϢظոջʧˣ˵£½ҵˣҪˡ
ҵȻ֪
ɴ棬ɲŮ䲻ȵ
˫֣ҧ촽ǰһȴǵͷҿ棬ֻСҪȻݳ¥ģ¥뿪ǰɡ
ȻͻȻһ㺮˪ɲŮ𣺡ôĵӣĪҲɣ


0520 
ɴ棬һȴ¶˿ɬ֮飬ɫȻص¥ƭ޼Х죬ƭˣǡƭ½껯½ң¥Ϊ¯½ܹ˳񣬴մܿ
Ŵ˷һǱսʧֻһ̾Ϣд
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ֻǲס̾Ϣüǡô죿˵˴Ȼ̧ͷǿһ˿ϣ֮⣬˵ҪȻӰæɣ
˰ˡ
ɲŮҡҡ֣Ҳˣûѱ𣿡
ǡǡ
һʱ֮䣬ҲӦ֮ˣʱֻɲŮкȻһâصȻǰ£·Ǿһԡ
ǺȻһ˪һ䣬һ̧ͷܵɲŮ˿ϴĺ⣬ľɫ΢΢һףĪ¥Ǵ㡭
ھȻ˳УҾͽڤ񹦣䵹Ψˣܳ
Խ˵ɲŮԽǺˣҲԽһɹʱûκܹκ£½ҡ
ǡ
ʱµһȴԽԽˣɫҲԽԽ԰ףھڤ񹦵Ȼ߻ħ漣һӴҲؽħҲ޷ͷ
Ѿ˵
ɲŮȻϾڸոգ֪辶;޷֮Ȼ˾ǶħҲϧϵĨȥӡǡ
֪Ȱ˵Ҳˣͽ¥ڷ¥¥ͬǰҲ޷¥ˣҲº󣬸׼ˡ
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˵仰ʱԺֻ˵һ޼׷ɱʱĻ棬ǸʱΪԶԶĿ£е
ѣˣץסһһ֪ϵֶͨΣͽһˡ
ǵԷȴδӶԷϸܵһ˿Ϣı㽥ȴˣδεеù½ǼߣȻŲкãԼ̫ˣʹٷһˣô컯ġ
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ɲŮ˻֣һ̾䣬ѾЩˣҲٶԣȥ

˵ļգһֱͥԺ︨ҩǰһЩȡ֮׵ҩڷ¥İ£ܿ춼ȡˣֻЩһֱûɲŮвЩ֡
հʱֽҪҩĴˣڶҩĲѰһЩ亱ĵرģ̻ܹҵ
ʹˣԾЩ˼״һЦˣ¥ˣ󣬾ܿڱǡ
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΢΢˵ͷϲǷˣϻȻɲŮõھԷҲָȥɱžҲǻǷ
ԷڴˣӦоǷ˶Էһ飬οԹģ֮顣
ǡҲŹˡ
ͷһЦҪ뿪ֽסˣȵȣ⼸աΪβ¥
תЦ¥һš
ԭˣȥɡ

ͷһЦȥˣ߹űʱһֱȻһ̾ܰ¥ɹ˴ѹؾͺˡ

ʣЩգѾҪæҩˣҪ滨δƣܲôţȥͥԺһ֣ϴ̫ϵøˡӹ桱⾳òװȻҪһ
ʱգͬħصʮ꣬ȥһ
֮һеĵڶһԪӤ
оԵʣÿһ죬һ㣬һ΢ջۣгһ졣


0521 ѩ
ʱ䲻֪ȥһ£תģ𽥱һգֱŻۡ
ΪǴȥطʱȹ࣬뻯Ҳ࣬δ񣬵ЩνߣѲ
ֻϢȴӲ¶Ϊ鶴֮ĸˣ澳£˿óǳ
մմϲҪ컯ΪԱܹԪŵȥ磬ÿÿ뵽ǴڲطȣǸ֮˸ɵѹȻеļ¡
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ɳɳɳ
нŲػͷ֪ˣȥʵδˣ
ƺѾϰߣЩһ仰ʻδˣ˵תڣȻźüɺ޷ȥЩ
仰ƺҲЩʱõϢˣʵǷֻҪȥڵĺ
溿ʲôüͷһ壺ûô򵥣֪йɴ֮ӣóȻĴ֮ȥɺֻʵ䷴
ҪΣ
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ˣǰˡ
΢һҾ֣ȶߺв룬Ϊζ˿ȥЩֵֹģǷûиԼ£Ҳȥ²¥飬ֻܹδ
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0522 ħ
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á
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˿ܣѪƣȻ䣬ֻۣ۾ȻѪһĺ죬˫ҲѪ죬˫ʮָָףҲ࣬Ѫǣü֮УһѪӡ
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ɲŮ˵ţδ䣬ֻеһӹ۾δգһ£صѾɲŮӰ


0523 ¥
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죬ҲûпɲŮҲ֪ɲŮȥʱſԷ
ʱ˿̣ɲŮֱشǰģˣֻ϶ǹľĺ⣬ȴʼ֣Ҳ޷ʧ˲ߵ̫
һأ𣿡
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֪ˡ
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һһ·ţ˵ſʱȴɲŮȻͣתͷ俴һۣ㻹
һ̧ͷƬֽ̣ͷȥֵǣ¸ˡ

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0524 ħˣϣ
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0525 ħˣ£
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Ѫ֮ʣٴѷɽʵǿڣɲŮƲһţһ±ѷɽѪ죬ܴأٴ󵹷˳ȥ
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Σ̣֮ԶһɫӰٿȻ顱һǽƾһָӲɢ˴ǵƥ


0526 ʱ
һĻ̫ͻȻûԤϵû˿壬̳ɢȥ˿֮ʱ㳡ȴǶһˡ
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һ̣˷㾲ʣµλ׹˱亮̶ǵԨ˾Ǻηʥ
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ĸϱɽᴩδ棬Ȼشһ̣ȫʧããƲ֮С
ǵˣ˿һֻƬ̼䣬ȴȸղɲŮսλϸҪ˾˭Ϊﵽ˺εȿֲ硭ڳˣһֻеһ̫ˡ
Ҳȫ֪ͻȻֵĺ˭ѵǽǰǸղŵδ̫壬ԼԼƺǸӣȻӣͲǽǰֻ˭
һʱ֮䣬뵽ǰֻߵˣȻ


0527 
һʱ벻˾ʱȴһֲŵźˣѾµˣǰ˾
˵ʱͲ¹ԷΪΣȴû뵽Ϊ֮ߣ߶ʵ˲š
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˻ȥɲŮأؼǣ֪ʲôڿȥƺˣʱ⹦ѹȥ»߻ħ֮ա
޷Ȼȥ
ɲŮɫʮֲ԰ף˿ֻ̲ˣתھķɡ

ҹص֮УɲŮϵ·Ѫʯ̨棬˹ˡ
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һۣ䲻ȵص
Ǻǡ
ɲŮٴЦЦ˵໰˵ǸˣҲŵˣ֪ΪʲôǸΪûĺݺ飬Ϊ˱𣬿ԲֶΣûи飬նһУֻΪûκǣҡ㣬ȴͬˣǣʦǣǣѣǣҵĶ̫࡭ôǸ˶
û˵ԺֳӰΪ˱𣬿նһУٶǰɳĮ棬ɳأԼԪȴȻնϣһˡܹ˲£
ܹ˾飬ǾעĲ
飬ȴÿÿһۣԺǻḡְӣ棬ǧһ
һҪҵ֣Ȼ˵ͷ­壬ٶ˵ꡣ
ˡ
ɲŮܵϢʼң̿ѵ
عһϢȥ飬ʵЩʲôˡ
߸ϣڵλϣڣֻ½µһţֲȫ½ңţ½кܶ
˵еġô
˶ԺȻ˵ħأʮָħ˵Ϲңԭҡ½¼ҡռҡűĪҡĽݡ
Ϲ棬ûʲô½ң½ңǴðģ
ɲŮֻǶǣ½һȥԪططʲôҲ֪ǣҸҿ϶Ϊ˶Ĵ֮
֮
üͷһ壬ƺˣһĹɼ壬ȴͻȻֻΪ˾ۼ֮ʲô¡
ɽһԶǶ֧ɱȣ룬Ǹ½ңһᶢţ˵Ѿˡ
ɲŮ˵ţһЦ
üͷԽԽԪԪȷʵʮֲԼǰʱ䣬ƺȥϽһͣµı󣬱ȻڿƲ
ɲŮ˿˼˵ԪɣѾһţ½Ȼпɳ֮϶ƺһ¡
ʲô£ָô
üʵ½ԪһػˮȻٻˮȡ֮űȻӲ

ɲŮЦЦţǼħڣħ̣Ƹң¥ڡ
ôһᣬɵüһôƺ⼸ʵǿħڸˣ˿뵽ʲô
ԪƻңǼħڣȴһֱڰħ¿ɲؾأ½֮£ǲȵǵ棬ǱȻӲ
ɲŮЦô½ԪЩЩһЩֿ뼸ħйǡΪ֮ͻ
˵˴ͣһֽŵ߸ϣһˣֻҪ½û£ھٶˣ½Ҳǳͷģ㲻õˡ˵ͻȻˣ
˵ѾΣգٹЩգˡ
˵ţԺȴȻǸ½ңЩ飬ܸоЩطԾ֮ǰɹ֮Ϊ˼ȥȴҲɣ飬˭


0528 ʹ
ҹԽԽǴδ֮ǰѾ޼Ͷ飬ڵѾȫ˶ǡ
ʱһ붨ʮңԶĵطһص֮УֻվһӰһ£ֶŵš
һֻнŲ𣬽Ӱ˽ϸ֮£ɫ԰ףԴһ£ȴڵϺ峤ϡ
λϣ߳ϽɲŮ֣֣֮֮һΪϣʣλʱ־ɽˣĳϺƽأڣֻϺ峤ϡ
ϱǶվǸˣͷһЩ̻̲ͷ֪ʹ٣ʧԶӭ
ˡ
תֻұϴŰźߣ˫Ȼ󣬿ȥʮ
ӣ½ʹ棬еڶġʹΪʮָߣһ˫ȭɽʯ޼᲻ݡ
ֻĿɨһ£ʵӿˣ
峤ϵʹģ½Ӳδˣںܺá
˵仰ʱʵһ亹ýհ½û£Сһи̣ڿ־Ҫùˡ
ʵڳ⣬ܵǵʶ֮һֱвõԤУ֪¥һ˿֮ˣ;֮ͬУ˵ʲôûˡ

ʹ΢΢ףǰ˼ƵĿڶϣصǸˣǿ֪ݣǿ˴˵ò
ˡӦǸˡ
λϱ˴˶ӣհʱ򣬶Է̫죬źۣʵûпԷʲô
ˡ
˳Ĭʹʵǿǿ˶Էʽŵʽħŵʽ
⡭
ٴζӳĬϸհΣǺƺҲͳУƾУܹԷֱʽħʽ
˲˵ʹȻһôźħŵʽѾֱ治ô
ʹɫ˻ع΢΢һ˵ӦħŵʽʮֹɱֶΡ
ħš
ʹĿ΢΢һͷˣԪǼħţң¥Ƹħ̣һˡ
˵˴̧ͷŶˣΣ
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ʹǾͺã¸£һҪҪȥ
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һ̧ͷ¶΢΢֮ɫʧ˲أѵһ㴭ϢĻҲҪȥ
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ǡ
ϻ˵ʲô峤ϺȻǰһһ죬סˣʹʹģǼʦֵܱضǡ
Ͷˡ
ʹ΢΢ףʱϵĿ⣬ȻЩǰˣһȥźλϽ
峤ԲЦˣǾлʹˣʱʹλǰԼ䡭
ֻҪãȻõӦõġ
ʹ䣬һ˵꣬һһ峤Ϸȥ峤ֽסȴһССƿ
õֻƿȲ򿪣ֻ棬ɫĵҩȻԱϼƿֻҩһ¾̧ͷؿʹͬʱԲΪֻöʦָʦ⣬ʦ֣
˵꣬ʹһ±ü亮ˣ֮ףΪбҪ˷һ𡭡
ŴԣеʱһŭԱ峤ֽһʹЦʹ֮ƲףԵá
ˣ¸µ񣬹Щջô⣬ʱбһ𡭡
ʹһ߻˵ţһ߸ȥԽԽԶıӰֱָ죬峤ȴǿѹͷ֮Цʹ

ʱȥ죬Щ죬Ǵδ
ڵͻȻ룬޼Х˳죬ɲŮһֱص˹ˡ
һʣԷѸδٴʩԱߣ˸ɲŮ˹ˣҲûȥ
ѹ𣿡
ɣ֮Ϣ֮ѾȫգںҲѾ⣬ҹ֮ǰ
һ˵ţһ߻


0529 ʧ
ŴϾ˯Ļδ룬ĬĬϸѻ꣬ʱ䣬δѹ
м£ұ㡣
ʱ溺Ȼֿɫأʵʲô£
δ뿴ȥ˵ܹˣǡ
ʲô
ֹ׷ʵ
̾תӦǻǵãڶ٣˵ģ֮壬ôѲˣ׼˴ٶԣתȥˡ
ٲ࡭
ͣתͷδ뿴ȥԺֳָˣٵǸŹֵŮ
ʱȥһǹôδйĻһҲû뿪䣬ڵȵɽʱ򣬻δָᶯһ¡
δ롭
Ҫˣһ±ýȥȴ溵Ӱ
ȵҹĻʱδķӦԽԽˣʼձ˫ۣ·һ޷ȫ
δ룬δ룬˵𣿡
Ա߽ſţֲҴѣ޲ߣֻȥ溹Ȼ׼ȥ֮ʱһϸ΢⣬ġ
δ롭
Ųһ٣תȥֻδ֧ɫЩ԰ףʶƺҲЩģ
˹ȥδͻȻԼֲ֪ǺδʶȥָιԶ㡭
δ롭
һʱİѵԼôܡ
ι˺
δԼüһ˵𣿲ż㼸Σô𣿲ԣġ
ۼ˴İδ벻ɻԼΪλ
ϾѰˣʱ̾򶨲ңһǣϻƽɽ˼ð㣬ƭ˸ɵˣҲɵĲ飬Ҳˣ㻹
ƽɽ
ͣѵļ䵹ֻͣǴƽɽٰԼƭߣм䣬ʧ
ٺú룬ǲʲôˣ
ʲô顭
δ˫ü΢΢һ壬ϸһƺʲôһ´ӴЦǣһȥɻ٣ǻˣ㻹Ƿ¡ԣǰ鶼Ѿˣʣһ£㲻ˣɣ
ٴһ㶣м䣬ͣ˵֮𣿺淢һУҲ벻𡭡
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ҵȻǵãһǷһ¡
ʱȻЦЦȻ棬ȴƱһһظţδ룬˱˰ɣм䣬Ҳֻʹ࡭ãԶҪ
ߣͶˡ
δЦһֳڣİԼΪλڴ˴
һЦعǲǵˣȥɻ٣ǸӳˣˣԺ󣬹һֱԲѡ
ӡ
δŬ룬ƺˣЩ˸ӳˣԼˣȻԼιȥˡ
κ˵ģ
ǡ
ЦʶλѣҽκõģǶǣԪԶδȬЩտɰڴ˴ˡ
Ŷ
δͷһȴϸ˼ܾЩ֣ȴֲ֪
ʱȻֻ˽ظո⣬лˡ
ȵң
δ̧ͷո߽İŮӣɻʵ
һЦ˵δҪ߶Ӱָ
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δЦЦ˵գ濴˿ҹĻ˵ȥߡ
˵꣬һȥͥԺⶨȻֻ֪ҪԼΪνԼôԶĵط
ɵɵ˵㣬չŵˣһ֪ҵʵݣ¡
δ΢￴һۣһ̣ȻĶЩֻ֣ܵȻ˵

ҹʱ֣һ޹⣬δϢس˳ǣһ·Ԫķȥʱڶǣ¥¥֮ϣֻվӰ溡
ˡ
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ļ䣬пָܻ𣿡
ŸղŻδǵķʵ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷֻعͷҪȥ׷𣿡
ҡҡͷȥȻΣգԶһЩҰиűǡ


0530 ʮ
Ҳá
΢΢ͷȥɲŮߣ˺óתһ¡
ģ֪
ٴε˵ͷЩĵӣһЦôǾһˣ޷𣿵Щ꣬ߵ·Ǳ࣬ȹʱ䣬һǵġ
һ˵ԷһЩƻңֻҩˣԼķżԼӣȻʱ˳˯ܻԼ뵣ġ
㣬ʱغ𣿡
Щʱûüߣȥá
˵ͷãҪСģȵλѾ¶ˡ
һЦģҪԸ㣬ңڣӦõԼŶԡ

ʱ£ʱڣ΢Щ⣬ԶһƬڣʣ˵ӦߵúԶˣȥɡ

˵ͷһۣԥ˫һ㣬һӰķȥˡ
ΪҪ׷ϻδν׾٣ֻδѾʧȥ˶Щ䣬ôͻȻĳڶԷǰѡһ·б
ͬʱλȥڰҲã޶ܿһЩǰĶֻҪ֪ںδ

ºʱתһ·иŻδ룬ѾصԪ
δ̫Ϊһ·ҲʮСûԷ
ԪԪΪع㣬֮ǿ߱
Ϊ˽ܵ飬ڱһЩ֮أȴħطն񣬳˼ħڴ˷Ϣ
֮Ⱥɽָ࣬ǣǧﶼ˼˱˳ʮ֡
ʮ͵֣ΰͦΣйľ죬ͱڣɽжྫȣ죬ɽ¸ʱ޳û
ö֮ʮ֣֮ʿе׼֮أʹЩΪĪߣҲ˵ء
дԣһʮ֣ΪͨٳʧУѪΪʳΪ̣ЩŵĴ˵ʮ־͸ǳ֮˵Ľڡ
ǰЩ꣬ΪͲʮ֮Уԭ֮أЩ귴֮ʿӰ֡
ÿÿ󣬴ֵĶɢȥٵƿ֮ʱܿϷɽӹĲӰ
Щգ֪ιʣʮ֮ʿԽԽˣиŸɵĳϵӣҲĺɢˣһЩħ֮ʿǱ˽
ʵһ׼֮أǧ㣬Ϊλħ֮ͣ
ΪΪܹ˶˵زûһ˿Եɡ

ǰһ꣬ɽﻹʮŢУеǷʱƣذʱй󣬵͸һΣϢ
ʹǰһΣʱΪԶڣֻصʱ˿̣ȴɲҵġ
ǰʱи滨δʮ֣ǻδ̫˱˸٣ʱ򣬱ûӰ
ˣʹʶ̽⣬ҲҲӰӣأʮ֣һǻٻѾˣλþ
ڣֻҪѭŵļ䣬ƿضκһ·Ǳ߶ȥȻܹҵõ

ĺɫĺϣ˿ʮֵУһ֪ɽֻ߰˵Ӱǰ첻š
ʦãˣҹﲻߣҴɽҹɡ
ǰߵģһѵŮӣŮһü䣬˵˪ȴһԿĸо
Ǳˣǧѡ
һҲʲôˣ棬Ϊɫļ
ȨԨϵĵĹƣϲĵҶΣ໹ĵ请üϵĵǧѩߡ
Լϵĵ¥ɽн¥ɽԵһŮӣŮӴһɫȹüĿ续Ǳˣȴǵǽ㣬ӯ
ӯţҲжʮˣǺ¥ɽ˳£ЩΪͻͽȻȲ¥ɽĹơǧѩЩʦֽ㣬µ棬Ҳǲˡ
ĹƵˣת۾ϴŻѾȥʮˣЩԪŵӿ˴ʹõǵһǧǼˣΪҲԶǵɱˡ


0531 ǹ
ʦãҴطЪϢɡۼĺɫĺϣĹٴǰߵǧ˵һ
ǧѱĹƵ꣬Ϊ˵Ǻ漸ĿǰĪġ
۶񡱾һϣںϡ񡱡顱֮ڶӴٲ֣򷨲֣ħ֣˵˵ѣ
ʹЩԪŵûӿǧǧ츳ʣΪԽǣҲǱȻģοǰ޳۶ΪһЩŵǰҲ
ʦʦãʦֵİɣڸ·˵ֻʲôޡ
֪ǧѣҲǵȥʱܹ˵ЦǸʦˡ
ֱڣؼǵãǴδųüʦȥʱʯ棬˵ЦһĻ
ʦãӦýһʦ˰ɣһЦ˵
ʦ㣬ʦܡ
㿴ŻӮˣҲţȥʦʽûУʦҽʦˣ请壬ٻһʱʦɣǰ˵㲻ýʦ𣿡
˵ҴŶ̧ƺѾ˵ˡ
һƤЦ߿ȥʦ㣬˵أ
룬һЦҾãʦ˵ĺô¡
ʦ㣡תͷĵȥü΢Ҳˡ

һĻһĻ˿ָԺȻЩ꣬ȴҲ˼ǧЦҲйǰա
á
ʱǧͣԶɽһۣȥǱɽȰɡ
һǱ߲Զɽȶȥڰǰʮֵģ֣Ի󷨣Ǹսþʧ˷ȥԭ·ơ
ǰ컹һֻޣǧѵиˮһޣ¼˶Ҫ޸ˡ
ҹĻȻ֣ʱһɽ˸ɽҶκȥ棬Щ˸ѣԷֹĶɽ
˾ΧŻѣҲ˵·Ի£˺һ߲ſڵ˵Ǹ̫ʼţʲôǰδ˵һôţô꣬Գơ̫ʼأǿ治С
ǵʵȷʵСǧѩȻڵ
ɽ棬ٴĬһĹƿ˵֮ǰȷʵ̫ʼŵˣͻϾ֮䣬֮ꡭ
˵˴ڶڵǧѿȥһЩǣʦȷʵǵͻ
ǧû˵Ҳûκα顣
ߺߵҺʦһ飬ĿˣѪˣҲ޷Ǿ˶࣬żˣĸʦõĶ֣Ǹ仨ˮŹ֡
˿죬һӣĹҡͷһЦƺǵãüʦһˮǧķƽͣˮʦôǿʤ׷ǧѩʦأ
㡭ߣ
߽ͷһƫȥˣһǻĻ磬ɵǴκй˼ȴһȥİٻȣǴμ˻һ鿾⡭
Ҫʦܴ˿Ҳڡͺˡ
ʯͷϣ˫֧ãĵ˵ôһ䣬Ȼֻĵôһ仰ȴʹɽһ±ڶڵǧѣԭֹˮϣʱһ˿仯
ƽĺ棬Ȼһʯӣ˫һȦȦʹȥôˡ
ңҡ
̣߰ԼĺĺҪʲôֻǵͷǰĻ̾
Ҫʦڸöãʦܵı£ʦҲһ˹Ԯˣ˫赣˭˸Сţʲô̫ʼʲô
˿ΣǷ߷ߣ̫ʼЩĿˣѪˣ˵ʦħϸ˵Ųɹħ
ʱ˵ʦÿȥԼҲȥˣֻϧԼ̫ͣЩ˵Ķ֣ǧѩʦ˵ʱֲڣԼһˣֻʦñЩΧ
ҪǵʱʦڣЩˣҳԲѷҶʦð֡
Ȼһ紵˽һζȻǡɳɳɽ棬С꣬һɲǣҲϸ꣬ʱֻ۾Щʪʪġ

Ѿѭŵ䣬棬ȴֻһɽȣʲôҲûУֻשƬҲûУǴʧһ
Ⲣ۷磬Ѿڴ˴ˣϵˣΧ歷˶˰ٻ󣬽ȥˡ
ѾˣھδһʱҲˡ


0532 ؾѺ
ĺɫҰɽԽùɭȻ˿һֻһӰ˲Ǳˣǻδ롣
صڵİٻȣȴʧˣ̱ʶˣڵʱ䣬˴¡
ӹʧֻһֿܣǾ歷˿˰ٻ󣬽˰ٻؾ档
ʱ˿̣δ･һʮֲõԤУ½鷳ˡ

ҹʱС꣬δһεɽʼϸ˼ڵʱʲôʹ歾Ȼ˰ٻ
ףǵ򲻵֮ʱ歾׿ٻΪٻ󣬲ҪΪҪһǣٻֻܹ֮һΣҲ˵歺еӣڶҪȵ֮ܳˡ
Ϊʲô֮ǰΪ֪Ϊϴٻؾٶǰ
δ뽥˫üٻؾˣżҲãֻܹ취ҵٻؾġڡ
ڷһڣһ˿ռѺۣ޷ͨڽٻؾֻҵһ˿ڣȻ歷ȡϵ
ڣԲǧӦһЩȻ޷ͨЩڽٻؾȴܹЩѺ洫ȥ
ЩѺڵλãһ̶ֱ䣬ֻƾȥӦ˲ܹҵ
ŽӽҹʱͣˣһϢԼԼһ˿õζ
δڱϣԶҹĻµɽ룬ЩȻˣħʮˣһ·˲ʬ壬ЩѾã֮ǰѾ˾ҳͻ
ֻʱ벻ʮϹʱһֱΣգЩʲôµĶ֪Ϊȥˣûлųġ
ö֮㱻ħ֮ʿĽڣħЩħˣҲȥ
ȴô˽ʮ֣ʮ棬ЩɽˮûʲôΪô˸ðսǾֻһܣǵĿֻһĴ˵
񣬻δܹ뵽ֻЩ龿ʱҲ޷϶ֻܵҵٻؾѺۣ歷ȡϵ˵

ʱȥ죬⼸գʮϸ࣬ڼ䣬δҲҵٻؾѺۣһЩɽ֮Уֻǲ֪ΪΣЩɽ涼פأԹΣնδܳɹ롣
հʱ֣ͣˣδϢǱһĹɽͬפŲˡ
Ϊ⾪Щˣδһ·ʮСģЩڴ˴ΪΣĪҲܹӦӰٻؾ͸
ǰߵԽԽŨˣȻٻؾһѺۣǰ߲ԶѺƾ۾ǿģֻܹȥӦ
ĹδѾȥȫϢ˿̲ʯ֮䣬ǰ߼˹ȥ
Ǽ߹ȥȥȴȻ䣬˴Ӻ水סļ
Ϣδ붸Ȼһתȥȴһͷң£ӵĹˡ
ꡭ
˸ƣǱˣ֮ǰһ·ڰбδ룬˿̼ԷҪǱɽ棬ɽ棬ˣδһ˿Ӧʱˡ
˿̣δע⵽ɽǰߣڰΪȥ͵ߣ̾źգô߳ȥȻӦˣȻ⸽Ǿˡ
һˣ߲뿪δ˿ǰ˿ȥԴ־裺˭
¡
ˣһ֪㣬˵һ·ʲô
ԭδȴͷһ·ں棬ֻǶԷҲװû֡
ɢȥ˺˵Գ˯˶꣬ڼԪʲôȫ֪óȻ֪жΣô
˵֮󣬻δҲ˳˼Լ˺Щ꣬ڼ䵽׷˺£ΪһƬհף
ӣԼĹϵƺûõһ·бĳ̶Ȱɣ
֪Լ˼ݣľԴӣ͸ӦҪԼаˣȻ˵ʲôħ̵ˣ´μ棬ĳ潣顱һĻ
Ϊδ˿̣ȥȴ˹Լӣ⵽ô¡
δơ


0533 ٻؾ
˿̣δɵشǰˣȻЦһ˵֪ˣ˹ңһ·бңǾֻһֿܡ˵˴Цؿ
ֵؿԼʵʲôܣ
δЦ͵͵ϲˣ˹Σұʦãǲúÿࣿ
˿Ц֮һסˣ뵽ǰһԼȴһϲĻҲûкúö˵
㲻˵ˣˣ֤˵ˡ
δ˿һ龫ֵӣȻסɳƵصڵ˰ԽԽ˼ˣ⣬ˡ
ǰˣ߰ɡ
֪ΪΣȻеЩܣǰɽȥδһ׷ι㲻Ҫô֮ǰһһšĽҪȻٽ
ǰߣ˿̵Ц֮ǺȻЩʹʹʹ
ԺŴǰǸ龫ֵŮ˿һ㡭ԼԶǸǵŮ
һžˣδȻֵ֮ǰЩˣɱ˵ħŮ˵Ǹ

Ҳδ룬ѿڶԺһ»֮ɵ˳ߵڰףԼȴ˵ɵ١
δ˿˵֣ɵһ㶣ôˣӣ˵ĻǰʶǸľͷԴеˡ
Ǹ㡭
ꡣ
δ˵ʲôȻ˸ƣֻǰ治ԶȻ˼Ӱˡ
Щˣδһ䣬Ԫһߣָ˲Ѷö룬ֽһҡҡͷи֣Ҫǡһ˵ţһϢԵĲݴȥ
Щ˹ȥˣ˲ŴӲݴЩȥδƸˣ⸽ôˣЩǳʲôģ
ܸոһ·ȥЩƤŹ֣оȴһ˿Ҳûз£ǵã뾡ϵϡ
ߡ
ǰһۣӿ첽ĹȥˣʱѾȫˣ֣¹⣬һƬ
ţȥɡ֪Ҫʲôԣ˫һ㣬Ծһô
δҲԥȥҵٻؾһ˿Ѻڣ漴˫ֽӡʩչеؾ洫һ
ãڴ歷˵δ룿𣿡
յ歷˵󣬻δ벻Щϲڰٻؾ棬歷ȴǱҪδ룿һ𣿡

δʶ֪Ϊλ˳ƺһ˵棬正׷ʲôˣΪῪٻЩô¡
һ˵໰˿ڰٻؾ棬歷֮󣬲Щ죬뵽Ȼʧȥ˼䣬ԲŲǵüǰˡ
δ룬˵ĿǰĴΣգǧҪСģЩ˷㣬Ҫɱ㣬ҲҪ㡭
ʲô
δһĪ歷˼δ룬˵Щɱ˸ɵˣҲѾ֪ˣʱ̶Ҫһ򲻿ɢ֪𣿡
ȵȡ
δǸеЩĪˣ˼򵥣׷˺£ʵ正ң׷ʲô£正正ü˵𣿡
ƺ⸽ЩȶѺʱգãִ歷˵ؾʮֲȶδ룬ˣԺȫġ
歡ȵȣ歡
δ롭ǧҪס棬ܶ˶Ҫ㣬ֻһˣֻһ˲Ầ㣬Ǹ˾κ㶼ţĹȹҲпѾѱˡ
ȵȡĹȹʲôĹȹ歡正
Ѻ۷ˣҲûˣʱԶȻм߷˹ȻЩˣߵĶ
δ뻹ԭأҪһһ齫ʱ˹˽ˣߡ˵գɲһչ˲ʧӰ
ʱڰٻؾ棬ڹУֻ๬¥Ѿˣ㳡Ҳ˽ۣɼһգսҡ
˿һ歷ջԣվһСŮСŮգһ˫ۣԼĪӣ۵һ㣬üĻһӡǣɰ


0534 ʮ
ʦʦոڸ˭˵ѽ
СŮҡ歷˵䣬ʵ歷˿һЦʦ档
ѽʦʦѽûмʦʦء
СŮǵ歷ŮӤת۹ȥʱ䣬ŮӤҲɰһСŮˡ
歷һЦĶͷЦѽѽҪ쳤󣬽ܹʦˡ
̼ǵõŮӤôСת۾ͳôˣЩ꣬歷ǿһ쳤ģ缺
ֻǵôСϾ˽ܹ漣е漣ʱ̫СҲȥڱƳֻʱ䣬⽣һһϡɢ
歷пһֱ󡭡
Ҫ쳤󣬽ܹʦˡ
СһЦɰ˭뵽ôСȴҪʱڽɵĥ
ʱȻнŲ歷֪鷢Цˣȥ˯˺òã
ȥ˯ʦҲҪЩ˯Сǹɣ歷һЦСȥ
Ƭ̺歷ȥֻվŮӣʵ£
طˡ
ߵŮӹ˹֣ɫǽţ˵ؾͶԽӲˣж棬ٲֻ¡
֪ˣڻжʯ
歷˽üֻܿٻ󣬽ڰٻؾ棬ֻǵʱٻʮǿҲʮֲȣ԰ٻؾѺۡ
ٻ޷ٴοǳȥٻؾΪѺۣԱҪԴԴϵȥȱһѺŵ˼ޣٻؾȻ
һٻؾǱͬռһˣڱ˲ҷ
Ůӵͷָ歷üͷһ壬ٴʵʣʯܹȽ𣿡
ءطˡ
գŮ̧ͷС˵һöһöʯҲûˡ
һöҲûˡ

ɽ棬ҹĻ֣ããҰԲӰŻδ뼲ɣһ±ϣԶĹЩˡ
ɽ棬ö죬δ˳һʯͷȥãã޾֣ԺȻŸղŵ飬ĴȻʶһ£ԼһּʧˣԸողЩ歵Ļ
ǣԼʧȥʲô䣿ʧȥ˶ټ䣿Եʱ䣬ֵ׷ʲô
㡭ô
˹δ̧ͷʱϣҲû֮ǰֵƤ
˼ŵ正歸ոȴϣֻһ˲ẦǰˡǣΪʲôԼ֮䣬ʲô¡
㡭ڻŵ𣿡˿̿̽Եʵ
һû˵ԶҹĻֵɽĬ
ǻش𣬻δͷȥ׷ʲô£Ѿ뿪š
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һ̣Ȼ뵽ʲôղŰٻؾȣȻΪ歿ٻ̫ǿٻؾѺۣֽҪ
ֲøո歵С
һɲǣδ׹ˣٻؾ˶Ե֪ٳŶãһٻؾʱˣһҲɡ
ڣΣ
ʵ
δ侲֮Ҫ취콫ǴӰٻؾȳҪǿƿؾһ˲УټҲûпܡ
ȥʮ̡
һ˲䣬δѶȥ㹻æпƿٻؾǴȳ
ʮ̣ʮߵһЩԪɲͣӣȻԶԶȲĴħħЩ꣬歷˽ձ£ǲڱŸա
ǴʱԮʮҲ˲ֿŸɡ
˿̣һʱһʱʮЧȴδˡ
֪
δ˫ü΢֪ʮѾѱˣǡܵȥһԣܵҪ֪ڵʱ˺¡


0535 
ȥѾȻһȥ˵һ𡣡
㡭
δ̧ͷһ̾ؿֱʱźȻʶǰˣ֮ǰʶǸѾ̫࣬Ǹһһš꣬ȫˡ
ָоǣȥʮ꣬Ǹ꣬ѾˡֻΪҲǰЦˡ
¡
ʱȻһ𣬽ŶʮŹ֣粻
ˣҴ֮ء
ƽһɽ꣬δϱʪˣ˿մϣģˡ
ȥЩľģˮֱƸɣɽ˸ѣʹΧůࡣ
δڻǰ˫ֱϥǣǰĻ磬мģγôãСһܵİɣиƽʱԼŲʣ

뵽˴δ̲ס̾ĽΪαôˣԼ޷ȥСʹҲ˼䡭
Ϊ̾
Ȼ̾ʵ
δ̧ͷһۣҡҡͷû˵
ԼҹʱͣˣϵҲɢˣƶ¶һ£Ƭɽ룬ӳյóξϴ
࡭
ʱɽȻһֵδæһ棬͵͵һڱĿû
֮緲һͣòʳĹҲӡ
࡭
һ죬δ벻ɵһ죬Ŷӣȥ˭ʹϽС
ֵۣһۣ˵ĶڽС
㡭
δ촽һҧͷһͣɶˣһû䣬ʹǰһúܡ
ҡҡͷȥˣûãץǰʱɽܺΣץץЩ£ȻУ˿̽۰㴮ڻϿ
ûãɽ磬δ˫֧ãЦû㻹գҲʦ̵İɡ
һ㽥ˣδֵǡ֮ǰٰϷŪ㣬㲻ɣ
Ȼᡣ
һ߿㣬һ߻شֵƽɽϣңƭ˲ˣڷ̳ҹеǸˣҲ㣬ÿο㣬㶼˸ģ

δͷһЦԭ㶼֪˰һʵ㡭Ϊʲô뿪أ
һɲǣɽȻˣҲסһδ벻һ㶣ǲԼʴʲôˣ
ˡ
תõ
Ŷлл
δӹĿ㣬ѯʸղŵˡ

ڶգʣɽ棬ޱ޾ɽ֣ʵʮ̣ȥ
ڤ̰ɣڤȽ졣δ
ҹ˾ڤڵġ롱ʮ棬ڤ̡Ѫӥ̡ѪʵǿŽͽˡ
ȻȴԵò̫Ѱԭֻħ̵˲Żˣ˿̣ͻδ뾹﷢˲֮ʿ
˵ûʮ̵ˣѾѱˡ
ֵĽδ뽥˫üڱվôɶûܽʮ̲˿Щ֮ʿĸɵģȥƺʵ͡
֪Щˣĸɵ𣿡
δ
ҡҡͷܽЩ꣬Ԫɲ˽⣬ԪɣȻܹϵó¹ЩˣƺԪɡ
ҪҪȥ
δ̧ͷСʵܾεЩ̫Ѱ

˵ͷҪ֪ʮַ˺£ֻ룬ҵڤһʣʱȻȫ֪ˡ

˿̣ڹһİʯֻǵһˣһöɫʯͷٺٵЦͣ
˷ǱˣǾڤ̵ĽԳƾڤ棬ֻĺʯֿٺЦöʯΪپ㣬ȫ⣬ҪܹٴŪһЩʱ򡭡
ʱ鸣죬ޱߣҲǣ
ʱһŮ˽ڤŵò㽫Ļʯȥ˭˭ǹ
˵ء
䣬ſںȻӰͻδ롣
Ϲ߻谵ڤһգۣʱǼ˹һ㡭㡭㲻Ѿ
ҲѾˣ𣿡
δ䣬һһ˹ڤŵûһæȥ´ʲ治Ҫǡǡ
ʲô˵
δĿ䣬ص


0536 
⡭⡭
ڤʱ⣬վԱ˿ƤЦⲻЦЦЦҲڰ
ɵѹȻö˵±Ҳ˵ѡ
δĿؿʵ㣬֮ǰ׷ʲô£歷ΪλῪٻ󣬽ؾ
⡭⡭
ʲô⣡֪˵
ǡǣ
ڤһæ˵֮ǰǱ歷Ȳѣſİٻ󡭡

δ˫һȻ֪ǱЩɣǺ˴ͷ򵥡
˿̣ټѯһˣʵЩ֮ʿô¡
ڤ΢΢һ£С濴һۣԼĵط˿̣ȴһ飬С֮ǰʱûб˷ְɣ
ȻûУ˵ô£

ڤ̾һһʮ˵˳ͻδ֮󣬾˳˼
̫ʼš
δ΢΢һ֮ǰû˵ɣǴģ
ڤ̾˵ǰ˵̫ʼţǴģŶ̶Щ꣬Ȼ˲ɣһߵ֮ƣʵ벻ס
δ˫ü΢ʵǿסǣҪʲô
ʲô
ڤ˫һ̯޷ȥƿʮضĪǲ֪ЩʮĴ𣿡
˵˴ͣһּǰȻէ֣ҹϼâɣǾˣȻ̶ִţϸʱʧйأԽЩħˣŷ׷ʮҪҵϸʱĲƪؼر
δһͷ˵Щ˽ʮ֣ΪĴ˵ˡ
ڤɲǣ˴ֺٺЦһֻʱˣûܽȥ֣һ룬ȻʧУʬ޴³Եڣħ˻Ѱҽİ취
δʵ˵̫ʼҲʱûܽУ
Ȼǽȥˣֺȥθ޷ƿȥٶҲҽôӣװǹط
ڤһ˵ţһ߲ס̧̾ͷǰĻδ룬ЦջټͷǸˣʮ̱ūۣŰյһֱŹЩʼûйϢҲˡ
˵󣬻δҲܸܵõЩܵʹ࣬ոʱͷˣȫ̫ʼŵˣЩǰڤ̵ĵͷ̧һ£ʮ̣ʵ
ǰҲ̫ʼŴ˹ˣδüʵ
ǣ˭
ڤ治סҡͷ̧̾ͷԽŵؿŻδ룺ڻˣǧҪǷˣ̫ʼţЩƨһģڵ£ʵ򰵵ﾡЩ౰֮¡
̫ʼš
δȻ¶⣬Ľ̴򿪣Ҫ̫ʼ̤Ϊƽزɣ

Ĭһڤ̧̾ͷʵǹڴô죿ʮѾΪ̫ʼŵū֮أǵ㣬ʲôҲˡ
δǱ˰ٻؾ棬ԭǰæ֮ƿؾǾȳڡȻˡ
⡭
ڤ΢΢һҪƿٻؾ̸ף˵û֣Ǿۼˣδܹɹ˵ʵ䷴ɴ
һȻ뵽ʲôɫһ±֣˵µѾˣҵһΣգǲ
δüͷ΢΢һ壺˵
á
ڤ˵ͷصʮĴţ䲻֪Ǽ٣ǰʼէ֣ϼâɣµǧȷܹʲôҪ
˵˴ͣһּǰʱգͼ͵̫ʼЩ˵ʲôûֻ̫˵뽫Ķȥһʧ˶ͷҲ룬ǱȻ֪ʲôǶʮ
˵˴δѾˣʵԼոҲô


0537 
ڤ˼˵ĶȻʮܹ⣬ʮֿ£̫ʼԪؽ𶯵룬ǹһĻôܹԸ̫ʼЩˣһܹȳǡ
˵֮󣬻δ˳˼ոԼҲôģĽƴ򲻿޷λֳһֻܿԼˡ
ʲôһʮĶĶ̫ʼȷʵ
ȥ֮գҲʵ󲻵棬ضκǲ֪ʲôµĶôû˭ȥҲû˭ȥˣġ
㡭Σ
˿̻δͷ˼ڤСʵ
δ̧ͷȥѰûж˵ʲôֻ˵ͷ
á
һ̣δҵҲȥ棬ʲôħ֮͡
ǡ
ڤ濴˿ǰĶˣСǹ㶯ǰˣ
δȥҪȻҶ˹ȥ

ڤһ£漴Ӧæҡִ˸ۣЦٺٵҡǸҾͲȥˣɶ
ˡ
δһ죬һۣʮֻ̣ѪѪӥλǰˣҲ˴

ڤ΢΢һʱŻδ룬û˸ղֺ¡
ǰʱӡĸ߲ʣϺĹ£˿ɼʱδԷ͵
δһһɲǣ𽥱⣬̫ʼţһУ
ڤٴβһ£һ̣Ҳ𽥱֮գֻһұټڽ̵ӣǡ
δһۣҲ֪ʱĻ棬ּ٣ֻǼȾ
ҹĻʱϢ뿪˹롣
⣬϶תƣʱһͱڱߣҹĻޱ޾ɽ룬ãδſڵΪ̫ʼţǺ
û˵뵽֮ǰڶǵʱɲŮ˵½ң̫ʼͬأ֮䣬ϵ
ǹʱһ֪
һ˵꣬˫һţ¶ȥδ˼Ƭ̣һҲչṦ׷ȥ
ʮֵϹʱһʧ磬λʮֵĵشǧȥ
ֻһȦضκ֮⣬Ż붫½ħڣƣһ㼫Ľ裬ʶħ֮ͣȴδ

º뻨δѾԽԽӽˣܵҲԽԽŨˣ峿Ͱʱɿ⣬ˣʶ̽ӳȥ
һʱԵһЩͻδ벻֪ɽţһԼ
ǴӺԶĵطֻɽҰտԼԼ
Ǳߣȥ
ƺʱδˣδرУδ䣬ȻչΣǱɽȷȥˡ
ȵȡ
Ե࣬չɲ׷ȥ
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øʢ²ţյҲһ¡
ֻһµӣұ߶ʮ˳ߣվߵӰȴ֮ǰǧһˡ
˫м䣬һƵС·ֻ꣬һͨһȻҪ
˵õֻС£ƫƫˣݽԲѰǷŵĸͽԪ֮ףۺź˵ӦţƫƫұǷˣ̫ʼŵˡ
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˿ŵõöԷ֮ϣպӿ̫ʼŵˣ̧ͷ
οʹߵʱ˽Ҫ˽ԹҲ˵֮ҪõɶԷ֮ǰ裬ʱλܹ
˿̣ɽϷϣδ뿴±һĻȤֱţЦЦؿ˵±ߵģյʦãڱ۸ˣȥæ


0538 
˿üӣδ̲סһЦߵҪǾò¶棬ҿ԰㡭
֡
ῴһۣ±ȥŵļڴˣǶһΪָͣţӦþǸ̫ʼˡ
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ӯǰһ̤ĿԲŶʮˣȻΪͣ˵жٷ
¥ɽֽһʦãȥ
̫ʼŵУǰȣôǰãλǧʦãˣǷأĿһǧϡ
һ£ֻõõˣǰӴ˶ߣǲ뿪ˡ
ǧѵ񽥽úǰһְ棬ϸ£ʦһʱ嶯˹ɵӣʦǡ˴ǰӹ˹֡
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ǰҡȣصˣ˵һǣܵʲôҲδǻҪʲôΪʲô
㡭
߸ȣĪǶִˣʦþҪվǴô־˲ԣƾʲôƾ̫ʼôʦܻڣʦڡ
뵽˴ֻˮۿתŻ䣬ŵʱʦʦüȴطȵƣʱٴ򲻹Էʦˡ
ۼǧϺԽԽأĹǰһ̤ͽǷǣοʮ棬Է˶ڣͻȻԼʮֲ˵Ǹ£ҪΣ
ҪΡ
ǰ䵭ҡˣҪһǼλʦܵڻԲѣδ֪λǧʦãѵͲȥ𣿡
ǧĿ⺮䣬Ĺǰһǰͷʦ˹ɵˣµȻȥұضţǷһнŶᣬҲȻһ

ǰͷһЦصһŶᣬһȻܻһôҼλʦܾϣһΪҲԻָȽҲ㣬ɺ
ҪΡ
ǧѺȻؿˣһɲǣϵĺ˲˳ȥʹߵˣҲ˸
˱˵ĺȴʼյȻĿֱǧѣһһҪȥλϣǼλʦ£͸ǳ²ôڴǰ°뱲ӡ
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һ죬ԣʱϿһ֮УȫΪ⽣֣棬絶򣬻á
ʦá
ĹưһЩǧԽӱñ䣬˿̵ֲ֪أȻ̫ʼݲͣǴεļӿɱȣˣֻӻԽԽ
ģǧʦóֻзִ硣
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
Ȼһ죬ֻǧʢˮϸǽʹŽΪڣҲȻزסǹɼǿĽ⡣
ǰӣڿʼЩˣԭȣѾ˫֣˫ȴţȷʵ͹˶Էʱֻ㾡ȫʮɹֵԷ
˿̽δʣȻǳʣֵܹסģ
ϱߣۼ˫ֲ£ȴޱ飬ǧѵΪδ֮⣬۶ǵС
ʱҲδõ̫ʼˣѾܲסˣǶʮȡν練ƣֻֻ»鷳
ʱԱ߻δϺȻ¶һ˿ЦԪһˣ˲һö룬ݡһ±ߵİӴȥ


0539 
֮аɱһȥ̫ʼǰתʮɹֿǧѵˮϵϱߣһöҪı
͡һɲǼɢӰһöȫҪʮɹΪؼ֮ʱʹңʮɹʱˮ̣һɢ˳ȥ
ʱûֿǧһյסʱ̩ɽ޷ջء
ʦ֣
ʦֺȻɢȥʮ˽ŵûɢʱҪǰȻסǧһն̩ɽ㵹֮ƣǰѾõ˳ȥ
⡭
ĹƼҲʱ·һ˲䣬ǧһղסˣ˿ֲƣǰӱڽ
һ˲֮ʣǰŤƴһŷ׭ǵ׭˲仯һѪ⣬͡һֵһ¡
ȻʹˣǲԵסǧһ顱һˮδʣȴǵǰѪѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ʦ֣
ʮɫ벻ʦ˹ͻȻ⣬ǧΪ̫ߣȻʦҲֵס
˿̣ǰӿѪֹ˫Բָǧѣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ʦ֡
ʦ־ȫϣ̫ʼŶʮˣ֮ʣǧŭĿӣһû뵽Ů˳־Ȼ˺˾Ϊ
ǧѴ˿ȻƮƮص棬һ½ʤѩ˳Ⱦ
ĹƵɫɷף룬˵أǾϣʦִˡ
˿棬δϴЦԱȻ֪ոöȥģʱϲ¶΢΢ɫʲô
δЦӯӯʦô򲻹һˣǽۣԾͰ
㡭
һʱԣβ֪δǽ赶ɱˣһ̫ʼ֮ìܣոǰӺȻһ⵲һ£Ǳ㵱ǧѽˡ
ԽԽǾûδ˼ӣҲѹ֣ڱΪ˵ȡɲ飬ݳԼģŸɵȫƭȥƽɽϣһֱһСħŮ
ôô
δԼϴ󲻸ˣﶨСħŮˣҲǣҸղǿ̫ʼŵ̫ţųˣʱȴҡ
㡭
˫ü΢Ȼ־һ뵽գΪԼҪòײԼΪȴֹѵټȥԼ͸
һһˣֻҪԪֻҪٴξЩŵУħ¡
ߡ
δ˿һߣģ飬ʵʵ֪ûСħŮ𣿡
ҡ
˵ʲôȻһǿϢԶֻԭʣȻӿƲֱӿȥһ
һɲǼɽ֮УһµߣΪȻʮֲˣɫ΢΢һ䣬˲ϢǰָһϼѨιһö鵤
ʦʦ𡭡ʦ
Ա߶ʮӶŵ֧֧˵ˣɫ䣬һ죬ֹס˵Ŷǧѣøø¡øɱ
仰ʱúߵ΢΢һȻǰߣΪ黯Щͨ߿ɱȡ
ĹƼƲԣæǰֵǰϢŭŴᣬλʦʦùУֻ򡭡
ٺ٣С
ǺɫصҪȫϣҪȡٺ١ҲգϷҲλУ۶
䣬϶Ȼһ⣬һɿ磬ɲǼ𣬺Ұһ
ʹĹƵΪѲͣں̳ʱϢһȣʱҲֻúѣǰ̩ɽѹ·ԪҲҪһ㣬ȻʦѾ޳۶ȥ֮棿˲֪жУֻ½մ²
˿ϱߣδϴЦһȦȦؽͷָϣôȤһΨ²ҵģ
Ա̫ʼŵĺҪ߼˳֣һɲǣٲԥʶ˲仯һâ伲ȥ
һ˲䣬ΧٿֹɽͻȻǺ΢΢һԭ̧ƣһ·˻ȥ


0540 
ǸӦʶֻһԼԼ˵ļ£Ǻȴ亹еһӦǺǿʶ
һɲǣ·о̩ɽѹϣҪˣ˳صѹ껯״θܵ
ʱͷһѵǼϵˣ˵Ļƾһ򲻿Ǽ档
˼ˣѶ⸽иڣ˵ؾپ
֮£ϷʱǼƽϣ£ꡭ
䣬һ˵꣬һʱ˵İӣˣ˲ϢʧŨ
ϱߣҲջʶһʶȻָղǺߣʶ˸ӦǧѵΪܹ
ߡ
ʱԥҲʱԷδһת۱Ũȥˡ
±ߣߵ˻δǧ˲仯һӰߵķ׷ȥ
ʦã
ĹƵ˼ͻȻϷȥˣȻӽֳʲôӣʱҲ룬̸ȥ
ɽŨأŻδ뼲ɣɽ֣ƽأǧѵṦ֮£һ·ֻɽԽԽŨʹҲ弲ǰߵǵӰ

һǰնȥʱŨָһ顱һǽɢŨٴξ£
˹˰㣬Ũ׷磬ǧȴʼ׷ǰһ֣һԾŻδ֮Уȥ˶ϵϢ
ǧ׷֮Уаƣľ죬֮ǿκʧȥϢӦ˴һ֣ôҲҲˡ
ãߺǧѩĹƵ˲׷ǧʦһֵУȴ֪ΪΣǵΪղŵȻ˿ûܲϢ
ʦʦãôˣ
ؿոռͻȻ뿪һΪַʲô¡
ǧû˵ܵŨòҡҡͷȻ֮ɫһû£ǻȥɡ
뿪ָֻ֮ƽãͻδŴһôŸղһȥķĬ
δָͷһЦôղôأ˴ִյߣЩ龫֣ǰǲ͵͵ϲ
㲻Ҫ˵Ǵǰ࣬Ҳֻʦöѡ
һۣܿ˿ֻΧԽԽŨ֪֮ǰȥػʧС
δִ˵֮£ȳȥ˵
û߸ոǧһ˵ķ򣬶һȥˣڵʱ򣬲߳֡
ҹĻ֮£ΧģһδȻͣȵȡ
ǰһ·ƤŹ֣ʵ˼ȴҪϸ壬ÿκһطϸš
ôˣ
Ȼͣ£ҲͣĿȥֻǰ߹ʯᾣ䣬ȴ󷨵
ǡ
Ŀһ߽ʶ̽ȻʯȺ֮Уһ󷨣ֻǲ֪֮ãǺ˰˴
ꡭ
δȻֽһ˿ٲһʯ棬ֻҹĻ֮£ԶȻʮӰ߶
ϢһѾʮֻǸոϵӡ
һ£Ƿɶ
ΪһߵʮӿжʯȺ棬зй
ʯ棬ס˺δ̽ͷ⿴˿һЦ׼֣ȥһ²¿ʲô
ҡҡͷʾⲻҪ
˴Լһʱ䣬ʮӲŻصλһӹֵʦΧʮžѼϣûɶ
ûɶ֣ǰ춯ǴӺδ
ߵͷһ̧ͷ΢Щɻ֮ɫڵӵȥһ󷨡
ʱһǰСʵʦ𣬵һ²ʮʲôҪ˴µ
δ˵꣬Ȼһ˿⣬俴һۣ˵£˵ƽֻ¾ǣĶٴ
áðɡ
ǵԴȥ
һʮߵûӰͻδŴʯ߳
ӸոЩˣ̫ʼŵˣġ
δһ˵ţһ߻ȥֽһҪȥнơ
δͣſз֣Ǹոǰ̤һֻ̻ᱻˡ


0541 
󷨲ֹһӣƿһġ
ŲԶʯ󷨣˵ţԶȥֻԼԼɼһΣʮĽ硣
ħ˽ʮֻ֣Ϊ챦ȴһ裬˽桭
δԶҹĻ£һֵĶ磬һЦֻعͷǰʯ󷨣̫ʼѾҵƿķˣҪ˶ĿȻԽȡ챦
˫üһ˶Ŀ˼
δЦЦûЩʯ󷨣ֻΪ˶Ŀ֮ãƿ󷨣ڴ˴
üһ˼Ƭ̣˿϶
δһЦʯ󷨵㷢û󷨵ʵϻй
ĸӦ񣬵ʱôһ˵֮ϸĸӦ£ȷʵܹܵһϸ
δЦ㲻Ѿйղȴ˵û£Ѿйȴ˵û£ǾֻһֿܣǵĿıй˵ĿⶼЩ
ͣһδҸոߣ˵ûɶȴ¶ɻ󣬻õǲҪʣǾ˵ǱڹЩʦЩ󷨣ֻ˶ĿҪ䡮ɶ
˼΢˵˵֣춯ǴӺδ˵仰ô
δЦɶģƿ󷨡
˴ֻЦһ˵̫ʼʮСģŪЩ˶ĿӪһĽʱ޷ƿļһ˶Ū棬ڰеƿ磬ȻǣȴѾȻƿ˽硭
˼ǡ
һɲǣȻȫףԶɽֻãҹɫ֮£ԼԼܹһ㶾磬˿Ľ磬ʵֻ̫ʼŪļ󡭡ô
δһЦǹǹȥһ£֪ô

أ˵ͷ˱㼴ȥϢСǱȥˣܹԼԼǲΣʵϾ벢˵ִʱҹʱ֡
ꡭȵȡ
һǰʱδȻסˣ˵ﲻ磬֪ΪҲû˳ɹ𣿡
ͣǰ֣ﲻĽ磬ҲżĶΣ־ÿģΪߣҲ޷װĵĿ־塣
ʮĴ˵̫£ǴԴܹһ磬һˣΪǲν󣬱Ȼ־壬ҽ룬ֻŵȰ㶾νƿٽ롣
Ҳе˽ȥΪȴЩٳȻЩ˶Ѿ̫ʼŰɱˣֿӪһ˭Ҳʮļ
ûˡ
δ˼֪йڣ˵ͷԵȻ֮ǱʮСģ̫ʼŵ˷ˡ
̶֮󣬲ԥȥˣԽߣԽŨЩβ֪̫ʼԺδһθ֮Уʹ֮ˣƬ̣θҲⶾʴ
ԼҲҴ⣬ֻתⶾεֵ⣬ٿδ룬ֻһ·ɫɣƺⶾΣΪλˣ
һѾ﷢˲ʬ壬ħ˶Уʱ䳢ԴԽⶾȴ̫ʼŰɱڴ˵ˡ
˶ο£̫ʼŲµһЩʮĽ󷨣һЩ󷨵Уܴ
ʶУδĸӦܼһֻСĽ޷죬Щνƽסǣ̫ʼŵҲֲǡ
һʱڴκͽƣȴҹʣǺӲãһ乳бҲ񷣬ҲûƳѹ֮С
ˡ
ȻһµľԸмֲ죬̫ʼŵɷѿģô໨
ոͻδ봩Σֻжκͽƣκν磬Ǿ˵Ǽٵģ̫ʼļĽ磬档


0542 Ǳ
ô
δתһЦ
֮ǰû뵽һо̫ʼŸĻħЩ˱ƭˣԼոҲΪǼģһУȴδһ۾͸ˡ
δһУȵԼ֮գʱĶѾ̫ʼŵõˣʲôõֻ֮ʲô
ҹĻֵɽ룬δ𽥱˵ܹ̫ʼ˴£ҪõֵĶʮģʲô
óҲĶȤˣǶǿ󣬿ɴ͸ĲΣ⣬Ҫƿٻؾȳ歷˺ĵӣ·ɡ
˶һۣ˿ղΣҲҪ̫ʼŵ֮ǰõĶ
׼ú󣬶СǰȥҪ취ҵ̫ʼŵˣܷ̽ʲô
һϢһ棬ʶȻ̽붴ֻ֮棬жԻ
ֻ̫ģֻüʶ̽룬ֻСöԷˡ
ʶ̽붴棬ֻĹ֮£ϯ£һǸߣȻǰɽ棬Ҫǧѵ˳ֵǸˡ
ҲŻΪֻߵߵȷ棬Ѿʮ֣
仰ȻǺߣֻ˫üȻЩԥ˼òŵǲǼҲ֪ǽհɽ棬ǵʶʮּɵǶԷȴδҳ֡
⡭
üͷ˳˼ǵҲֻǺ𣬶ǣԷʮ֮УôԭȵļƻҪһˡ
Ȼʮ棬໹棬ΪĪ⣬ĸ֮УǶ֪λϣλϣδضԸκһ
˼ãǺ߿ڵ¡ҪҪȸ֪λϣ

ұߵߺȻҡҡ֣ɫصصڲȷ£óȻȥ߳ϣֻᰤǵȷ˵
˵˴ͣһ˶ǼӼɣǧΪʮ֮ߣ۶ʵһȫӳֲ֮£ŮйأزóȻ¡
Ǻ˵ͷ˵ԭҲģֻǡ
˵˴üշ˵̫أҿʦֲ׾ưոݣһȥһ˱ֻ»¡
ȷʵǸ⡣
ߵ΢΢ף˵һ˵ʦܣҪ£γЩɽ˲ˣһˣǼħڵҲˡ
˵˴Ȼһһ±üֻǼֺ󣬵ʱ󷨣ȫʮ֮УˣЧЩɣħǼħš໹һ£ܴˣʱҲǹļ֮ʱˡ
˿ڶ棬ͻδ뽫˵ĶԻû뵽̫ʼҪõ뽫ħ˾ȥԹĵλ棬Ŀ
뿪˴
δ뿴һۣ漴뿪ɽȥһ˵ɽϣͣ¡
ԶֻҹĻ£ԼԼܹһ磬Ľ磬̫ʼ취ƿ磬˳ʮֵ
һ£ͻˡ
ɫأոմӶ˿Ѿ֪̫ʼνʮֵ˵У˼ߣиλϡ
λΪΣʱ޷֪ʮԶԸȽ֮ͻδҪǿ͵͵Ǳ棬ûܡ
ҵи취
δһЦģ飬Ѿгһۣʵʲô취
ȳȥʱ֪
δһЦٶԣʱķȥˣ΢һ˼ļƻһǰ׷ȥ
˻ص棬Ѱ󷨣δ̫ʼЩ˶ĿЩɱɵˡǾͽǲµǲٽͻƣ˾ͻΪĽƿˣȻӵ룬Ǹ棬̫ʼһ󲻵
˵ͷûңҲʧΪһüƲߣʱֻҪȫˣ̫ʼžǿƣҲܰ˶ɱˣʱкܶ˽Լδ룬ֻбǡ
һ󣬵ʱͽ̫ʼţħɵˣչһˣ֮⣬ҪΣա
¹˭֣δ֪


0543 Լ
ڣҪٵǣνħЩȫ˳ƿ̫ʼһΡ
δҪЩȫֻŪЩɣøй©ȥЩȻͱˣ̫ʼŵһΡ
˵˴ЦЦг񣺡а취
á
˵ͷչжʶѰڸ󷨣ٽƻʹй˷ԽԽˡ
֮⸽ѱ˲ˣˣħˣķɢˣȻҲͻ
˶Ϊ̫ʼһΣʮĶν磬ʼձη֮ģ̫
ֻҪһٵαƿ˱ؽӵ룬ʱ̫ʼŵļıȻҲͲˡ
һʣһ쪵±ϣȻ䣬ֻĵӰϣϸȴǱˣЩħĴ
ֳȣüһѪɫħӡĺӣң¥ĸң
һ£Ůӣʩ˷һӣǰƸĸӰס
ֽΪ׹ǣɷĺ꣬ħħӣаޡ
һѵ͸磬˫ߵŮӣĵ£˳ơħ污
ٶǰĴħս֮ܶ߱أо֮ƣǽЩ꣬ĴħڵĶԽԽϻ⼸˻þɱڶɽס
ˣȾѪħˣʮ֣ȻҲΪǴ˵еرΪȡ
ϴɽ֮󣬱δйǴҲ˲ˣƲǻָˡ
ҹٴξף飬
ŶԭҲյ˵Ƭˡ
ֻһЦǰָһָѶһöССƬ
Ҫټ
Ӱ׵˵ţҲһöССƬа޺ңҲóյƬ
ƬֻһöͨССƬֻöƬ棬ȴдʮ֣ͬ
ƽ磬Х¡
Ĵħڵ˽ʮ棬ȻΪǴʮر񣬶û˳ȴͬʱյһ˵Ƭʶҹˡ
Ǻǡ
һЦŤӯӯһյǰ˼Ц˽˴ԼȴֲòϷŪǰɡ
ߣ
аһߣɫǰһ̤ȵ֪λѽ˴˿Ҳ˰ɣ
ڹ״ʮòɢһֻ¶棬һӰȻ˽ᣬƮݣһŮֻϣȴһߡ
ң¥Ƹħλѣúˡ
ƮƮϣƲģ飬Ҳ˹֣˿һһ˵ݣǴкˡ
˵û뵽ХµˣһСС˿˹ͬǰӰ׵һЦ֪λγƺ
Ҫ֪ĸˣǶȾѪħɷǣһѰŮ˵ҹԼǰХ£ƽ˵ţҲᶸȻһȻǰŮݲѰ
ŮһЦ˵˭ҪҪǣ֪ƿĽ硣
ߣ
аһߣ߶ժ£ȴ˵ô֪ƿĽ磬Ҫҵ㣿
ŮЦŲţȻλ
ΧȻֻɽ紵ӣ죬һȻһЦǷЦ֮ˣȴң¥ĸң
ֻЦݣ˫ֺȣŮ΢һ֣Ц֮ҹһȷʵ鴫һһᡣ
һĪĹʱһݣĿһҲǰŮϡ
Ŷ
ŮһЦңδ֪Ǹǰǳϻᣬξ֪鴫ˣ

ңͷһЦһһҡȣһ߻˵кˣܹվ˵
Ǻǡ
ŮһЦֻժϵİߡ
¹֮£ֻŮòǣɽˮ֮촽峿εõ壬һü£һˮ
Ǳˣǻδ롣
˫գͬΪŮӵҲסˣòŻعЦ䴫ţһҹһòˡ
ңаˣʱΪδòо룬˾֮òɶ¡
˲ЩǷǣʱһ󼲷Ȼʹͬʱһˣ


0544 
ֻһӰ˲ϢϣϴһۣͷϴŶñδ߽ģ
˭
ȿʵǰϢԽˣԽǸһĪѹ˿˾СĽ䱸
λĪǲǵô֮£һ
˾һȷʵЩϤȻ䣬ͬʱ˸̧ͷЩŵؿǰԽԽĺˣ૵㡭ǡ
ҿ˶ñģ˾еһϣʮǰǸꡭ
ֻϣҲյİӰˣеģֻη޺䡣
ԭӡ
ȷӦӯӯһЦԺﲻ̸ֳʮǰɽһĻ
ʦߣҲߣˣǣҲߣ
СС꣬ȴִ֣ҲҪˣ˾ǿʱʵǼħͷеֵ
ǵʱԷ񣬵˻ܹʱ룬СӽˣؽǵͷŴУϵȻ飬СΪݣǶԣǺһ
ģŵļӰӣϱҲκ֮ϵһɺ⣬Ǵ˿ɱ˲գ۵ĸħͷеЩľ
ΪλѾˡ
һ˵ţһߵ˻δԡ
ôͽܡ
ֻаһ±ü亮ˣٶǰǴΣһնϣ˳һֱģʹѾŵˣȴ̳ͽܣһȻӿļ䡣
Ȼһ˹Բʮڵʱһ磬Ȼ֮䣬ȴָһһָ˲۳һа޺ǰ
Ҫǰ֡
䵭ˣһɲǾס˺ÿٶȣа޵ΪѾˣȴûпղγֵģһǴȥ˲شаޡ
˿аޱҲһ亹һ̲ʶǰˣѲʮǰҪǸССˡ
ֻǲŶ̶ʮ꣬ΪΪ˿ֲѵ紫ԣһϣ
˿˶ϸϸ˼ܹڶ̶ʮڣΪ֮࣬˵ʦµǼ飬ܹʲô
䵭һȥָղ֮ңδ룬Цδ빬˵зƳĽ磬֪Ǻεȷ
δЦЦȻУǸǡ˵գ˫һ㣬¶ȥ
ʱһĶǰңüδ빬˵Σֻ̫ʼŪ˶Ŀģ磬桭
ûˡδ뵭Ц
ߣ
аһߣ˵̫ʼţǲ˷Լˡ
˫ü΢˼Ƭ̣δ֪кηƿһΣ
δ涾ʮؽΪ裬Բע⣬ͻ³ЩκͽƣΪ֧ţһ󷨣Ҳһ󷨣ֻҪҵЩ󷨣㹻ǿƻΣȻɢȥˡ
ԭˡ
ң񣬻˵Щ󷨣̫ʼƿģ֧ƬΣĽƵġ
δ˵ͷˡ
ΣʱӰ˹ʵ
ܼ򵥣һ󷨣֪ںδʱֻҪλҺЩ󷨻ȥɡ
δ뻺˵ţ˳˼һڵ˷ȷʵУգ˱Իȥ׼պ󣬹Х¼Σ
аһߣҪȥú׼һ¡
Ȼ˸˼ʮر־ڱصãֻ̫ʼͬĴУԲʹʱվһһȽʱ±ˡ
ʱ˿̣·ѾˣºѪɺӵһĻ
ߺ뻨δһۣ˴ղҲ漴뿪
İĳ棬ߣڱĿ˹̫ʼŵˣʱȻ߽ӡ
ɫŵӣ߿ڵ¾ţ
ءʦ𡣡
ɫЩɷףߵĵӵղŷǼħڵۼ˺öˣӵѾʲô½Ҫ󡭡

߻ۣвգ緽ƳϧģʼջҪ
һ̾Ϣֻ񽥽һӣһ׭ӷȥô˷׭ȥ


0545 ҹϮ
ӽӵ׭һҪȥɵû΢΢һ˹֣Ҳûʣȥˡ
棬߾лΪʱȴüչ֪ΪΣԭһмƻ˳ţȴһĸо
λʦܣο
ˣʦܣɽǧһ˳ֵĺߣҲǰӵʦ𣬻һͬĺڷߡ
˳Ĭãڷ߲ŵĸħŵ˲׹ȴͻȻֻУָ

΢΢ףҲΪĸħŵǻãͻȻۼˣȻָָ֮ˣ־˭
ٴνüͷ˳Ĭһ̧ͷ˭ֻҪȹˣȻһ֪ʱǽȥ

ٴεͷһ߿ȥ˵ʦܣ֮£ҷ£ǧڣǼˣǼˣ±ҲƲʲôˣǴ˴רĶԸĸħŵˣԼƿĽ磬Ҫ֦
ס
ߵ˵ͷɫȴǼɽǧһͻİз࣬ϲͽȴŵȫһΪܰݡ

ĺɫĺϣɫԽԽʱڹХ棬죬ֻ棬ԼԼӰĲĴħڵˡ
ɫϷҲڳӰͻδ룬һ֣ңӰסаޡҲ̴˳
ΣλǶѾ׼ˣǶƣʱ̫ʼŵˣҲض裬ҵȰɱ֮УԴС˵û·
δ뿴ˣ˵
аһߣԥҵ˽ջضԣ֪ЩλںδɣҵȥƵ
á
δ΢΢ףһ֮󣬲ٵ飬֮ʱʼѰ󷨣ƻǶ󷨽ɶһ󷨽ȫǶȻҲɢȥˡ
һʮֲƽҹ֮ʱ󷨣ѱƻĴħڵˣҲڻδ֮£̫ʼµĶУЩ󷨽һƻ
ֻжʮֿ£ҲΪټϻ̫ʼŵ˰ϮĴħڵˣҲ˲С
١ٽǱ߳˺öˣ
аһߺȻҴħ̵ĵӣȻ˿еˣ̫ʼŪǵġ
ߣ
аɫһߣڴ֮ǰʵЩɻδĻڿǲòŶԷ˵̫ʼŲҪ챦뽫ȫɱʮ֮С
֧ţȥȥ
аɫ䣬ڻδ֮δչȻԼɵʧ̫أһ˵꣬ʱһԶȥˡ
һֱĸĩʱｫһ󷨽ƶѾƻˣЩʼɢȥĴħڵҲһ·磬ͦ


棬߻ڱĿȻһֻ֣һɫŵر˽۵ţˣ
ءʦ𣬹߸ĸħŵˣѾǺö󷨣Ѿ칥ˣʵǵֵסˡ
ǵӵͷɫɷף˵ʱ岻סͷҲ̧һ¡

߽üһɲǣʲôǵӵȥʮ
ǵһǻһʱȴԥֻ˵ͷȥˡ
棬һµĺڷüʦ֣Ҫʮ¡
δ˵꣬ҡҡ֣ĸħŵڳ߹ȴܹȥΪǴʱ˿̣Ҫȱ֤Ƴ󷨲ʧʱλҵ𡭡
˴ּһ̾𽥱Ǵ˵еġ֣ǾͲ鷳ˡ

һ֣΢΢һ¶֮ɫ
ǵȻ֪˿ʦֿ˵ġָ߸ĹֹϵҲûС
ʦִ˿̿еġһϹʱħ֮꣬ӵʶµ
Ϲ֮һ


0546 
֮ʱѽǶ󷨽ƣѾƻˣɢȥҲʧ
һҹĴħڵ˾ƣǴʱȴиۿξҪʧڴʱЪϢһﵷ٣ն̫ʼһָ
ҿǰߵ޶٣ǿɻֱһٹ룿
һ߹󷨣һ˴ȥ˻и˼ʱȻҪһٹⶾ֣һ̫ʼóԸǵļƲʱŬȫ׷ѣյء
ǣҲһⶾֱƣô˴˼ĺҲ͵ΪֹˣȽΪ漴챦˴֮䣬Ȼ
Դ˿̣ĸ˾뱣ʵʱøԷһ䲻⡣
δο˴˿̸̥˵̫ʼǰ沼ʮĽ󷨣֮ʱƳЩ󷨣ǽҹһУǰ׷ˡ
ң˴˲¶ȣ㾡ȫȽǰߵʮƳ˵
˶ٶԣʵͬʱҲ󣬾һʱ˺֮£ʮ󷨣ڱƳˡ
ʱԾһƬڣҲǰĺڰ
Цˣʮ󷨾ѱƻ춼δӣٶȵҲ
Ҳиʼ˹ָҲԱ˴˽˽䱸
ɫȴԽˣոһֱڼʱѹȥһʱ˵ӦǸ˲ŶԣΪڣԾһƬڣ
Ҳʲôԣǲǣ
Ա߻δüȥȻڿʼҲһֱʱӦѾ˲ǣΪΧȻһƬ
λôˣ
ɫأ˿˹˵б䣬ʱҲ˹
δ˿һۣü˵ǿʼѾȥ߸ʱ˵ӦѾ˲ŶԣԾһƬڣѵ˿Ҳûз֮𣿡
֮
ôһ˵˶ʱ䣬ƺȷʵӦ˲ǣΪƬ֣Ȼںҹ֮У
ˡ
δָһ㣬ɫһ±ˣ˼ɫʵǷʲô
δ˵Էһˣһּķڴ˴ˣڷ⿪֮ǰ첻ˣҲȥˡ
ˡ
΢΢һʲôĸˣܹϢȫңµܷ֮Ƴ˷ǷͷѰң޿϶
á
аɫҲû飬̷ͷȥҿ϶Ȼ֮ⷨԶԶǵãҲҲһ˿϶ȻһƬڣųôҲ߲ȥ
˿̣һɭɭĶ̫ʼŵĸ߾ڣ֮⣬һˣֻȫһ棬ڰ֮Уˣű
Щѱסл˴ǰҵȼü֮Ϊ׵߹˵

Ǻ֮дһɭɭڷɣΪʱ磬Щ˲Ƿֻ֮ά죬ǣʱ֮ڴ򿪽硭
һ˴˶һۣٴǵ˹֣лѣֻ˻һвܹĸħŵˣкˡ
ˣһ֮һǡŵͽһ棬˹ɭɭ
⡭
Ȼˣ˾еһϣû뵽˾Ȼˡ
Ǻߣɫһ±üѿȻ뵽ɽǵԼɼѹʶĪǾȻһ
Ϊ׵㶣ɫҲЩţֲܹҵǵ󷨽ƣԭˣ˿ֻһǡ
βҪҪǡ£ôȳˡ
һ߻˵ţһƮȥ˲պǴ󻼡Ӱӽʧ֮С
棬Ǹе亹乣˱˴˶һۣж⡣
һҪȥҪǣЩ֮ǰĽ򿪣Ȼȶλϴ˽̹֮رս磬ҲŽȥˡ

ʱȥգЩʮֲƽʱ𵴣ʱ콵ϼ⣬ʱƷɷ죬ʱеϡ
֮ǰƬͻδ룬ԼĴħڵˣȻڹķ棬ЩʱʼհգΧһƬڣ
ô죿
üĽȻܹӦõĽѾ챻̫ʼŵ˴ˣĶ꣬ҲҪˡ

˿̣˵ֻɷӿĳһƬδ֪֮أڻݣһɵµľϢǰ񸲵ĵصףӿ˴˴ޱɷɢ


0547 
棬а޼˶վң˫ü΢ȥǰ취һ̫ʼ潫ĽˣʱʹƳⷨҲûˡ
Ǿͺԣܷⷨ
Ŀ˵ţԶĻδȥһЦδ빬ӡǶˣŰɣ
Ȼ
δһ£վ˵ʲôʱȻ洫һҵ𵴣ֻķȻ𣬽ҹҲӳͬһ
罫ˣ
аĿһۣ⣬ңԶ֮˵ģҲž
ٲƿ˴һ̫ʼŵ˴򿪽磬󣬵ʱҵȱٽȥˡ
ɫص˵ţδҲԥһۣķȥ
а޵˼״Ҳٵ飬չΣǱȥˡ
֮ǰǱޱߺҹ֮УΪһ˿Ҳ͸ʼ޷ƿķ˿͸˽Ǳһߣ˹ķ

˿̣ҲҪĽ棬ֻӰӿȫ̫ʼŵˣǰڴ˲˴ķԴֱգܹɹƿĽˡ
ֱʵ⣬ǵ㷲ЩΪ뻯ߣ˿Ҳ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫ
ⲢŪģȴ⸽ӳ磬ȥܿͻЩħߣбһˣȻҲһ˹ķ
ô졭
üէ֣棬ǼĶģڽ绹һܴˣһЩǺãܲŽȫɱˣǽɣ
ǿ˵Ҫţھ򿪽磬ʲôҲҪ룬ķǻ֧ʱֻҪʱڣ򿪽УЩ˽

˿棬ǰʮֵߣȻҲһ⡣
˵ʱէ֣ʱոսߣ˿̿𺳵һĻȻȲѡ
ǵУҲ˶õǼ챦ҲвŴ˴Σ濴
ԹʮĴ˵в˶ȥܷҵһЩϹʱڵĶؼƪϹŷֻҪõһǾͱȻǷ
Ҫ֪ǧǰħʦֻһϹʱоΪú£ɵ֣Ҳƽֶѡ
ǧоԪŵһһˣһΣܹʮҵһϹĹŴֽΣ˭õһֻҪʮ꣬ٴγʱ
˿̣һɢⷽԲӳһߣȴǰ
ǲֲ֪Ľ磬֪˿ͻδ룬ĴħڵŬƳ󷨡
λʦ壬ʦãǿǵ⣬ǴǱճġ
ֻһվʮӰŵˣվǰߵһӣһò毺õĺŮӣϵá
ϵӵʦãʦ̫ʦ̫Աߵİл飬ʦӵͽܡ
ں֮УΪǼߣԵĺŮӣ¶ӵͽܣΪв硣
Ǵճģֻǡ
ʦ̫һ˵ţһԶȥƬּޱ޾ȥͷ
ʦ̫üʮĽ磬ڶ޷ƿ𣿡
˿ɵˣҲ׽Ƭ֣ΪʮĽ磬ŵˣȻҲóȻȥ
ʱһˣȴǧѵˡ
ת߽ǧʱһͣĿ⾹޷ƿֱԷ߽ʱȻʧ񣬹Цǧʦá
ȻǧȴҲδһۣӸղ߹ʱĿһֱԶĿˣУƺʲôδע⵽ˡ
˿˿ĿˣΪʧʦ̫ʦ̫ʱɫһ㱾ٴ޳۶Ҳ˸߸ϣĿ˰ɣѵʦü¾˽̵ӵģ


0548 
ǧʦöŵ˲ǣߵ˾еЩΣһ򽻺ãȻϴָɱһЩ죬ҲδҺ
ǧѵΪλʦ̫֮ϣϾ㲻ǣδȷʵԵЩˡ
߼æǰŻһЦʦ֣þòԻΣЦЦʦúþò
һЦǰλʦ̫кߵǧԣСʦãôˣ
ȻóǧѲҪʧ񣬶ƺǱʮĽ
ǲĽ硣ǧѺȻ˵
ʲô
û̫˼ĹƵ˿ɫصؿʦã㷽˵Ƭ֣Ľ磿
ԡ
ǧȻĿԶһƬ֣һɲǣƺѾܵʲô
ôܣ
ĹƵ϶¶ɻ֮ɫԶȥƬȻ߼ʣĽ磬ʲô
ʱǧѣҲ΢΢üʦãղšʦã
δ˵꣬ǧѺȻնһ磬Ƕַȥ
˽һʮĽ磬ǱǷͬСɣ棬ôǰҲóȻ룬ʦþ޳۶ħ֮Ⱦçײ£
ʦáȵȣ
ĹƵȷӦһչ׷ȥ
ߺҲ׷ȥǧѩתǿһۣڴ˴˵գҲһɲչ׷ȥ
ߣǧѾʮĽȥ¶ЩȻʦ̫ʦ̫ȴЩƲ֣ȻţʱǼã⼸ԪŵΪȻҲٵһ磬ɵΧʱȴͽɱˣ
ʦָĻǸסˣֻܹأת֮½УһΪϾûˡ
λʦ̫ԽԽ벻ͨɱһСħͷ񱨳ͷ֮ޣ
Ա߻λʦԽԽأ˵λʦ壬ڴˣҲǰȥ˵գָһ˻һǱ߷ȥˡ
ʦ֣
¶ȻһҪ׷ȥʦ̫һص¶ȥѵŲʦֵı𣡡
仰Ȼ˵Զŵģı£ں֮УҲȷʵǿӵͽܣΪʣ֮£ǽЩԪŵӿΪһǧǰЩͬˣѾ

ǰĹֺǧʦáȵȣ
ȻǧȴֲֻţһâƬҲδͣ˲ϢС
һУܶʱذһµĽϢĶΣֶ
ǧĿ䣬ָһһԪ͡һֶĶΣȫ֮⡣
ѾʱУȻһƬڰ˶ǰ㾡ȫƳķǺ棬ǧѵϢȴԽԽˡ
Ҳ˵аǧѽЩԽӱñ䣬һ⼸ħڵ˺´ʱΣ֮أҲȻһͻ
ˡ
ң˫üһ壬ʱѾܹԼԼܵǧѵϢ۵ǵУûһǧѵĶ֣δܹӮοʱ˻Ĺ
죡
һȣ֪֮ǿʱҲ˵ǼҪԿķһ˫ʱҲƿˡ
ΧһƬڰ˴ҴææƳȻʱǺߺڰ֮УһԽԽһȻˮδʣһҲͬˣ
⡭
˾һˮĽθܲŵǧˣǺã
ԽԽû˿أ˭һ
ң͹Ӱ׶ȻתħˣһһһڰϮӰȥȻδȴȽɳȥ
Ȼ
аҲתһħתٿȻ顱˳ȥ
Ĵħ̸֣δʵˮǰ˲һ
Ȼһȴδͣ£ҲָĴħ̵ˣǴһʼָ˾

һХһѵһ˾תʱȫƣɲǼתһƳǽƴ
䡱һײҰ
Ǻڰ֮У˭գһ˫ǰɻǵã
ķ糾ڱ˶˵ӣһһһһƣòɿ
ڰ֮У˭һ̾Ϣ
޾ã
ǰҹҴȥһֻʡ


0549 ɢ
ˣҹȥôæһɲǣ˿˱˴˵ģ
ߣ
˿ԥ˲ϢȥķѾҪƳոǧʹǷɢȥˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ڰɢ˿죬ʹ˺޷ؿ˱˴ˣһ̣ȴȷӦһȥǧ֮䣬һޡ
ȵ쳾ɢ֮ʱǰҲûͻδӰĹƵҲҴҸոֻӰһû
Щκͽ󷨵ɢȥߵˣŵλʦ̫Ҳ
ԭĲĽ磬Щħ֮˺ƻʦãղǣû°ɣ
Ĺǧʵ
ǧȴû˵Ծȥķ򣬸ոһĻȻԺͣ
䣬ֻһμ棬棬ǰˣʱ룬һμ棬᲻Ǳľ档
ߣЩħˣȻƻ
λʦ̫Ҳʦ̫ǧѿȥĿ΢΢һʵǧ㷽ſǿˣոģȫЩħ̵ˣ
ʱλʦ̫ոȻûп壬һСħͷűضڴˣǧѸողŻķӦ
ʦ̫˿һ仰ʵñʮǧѻشǣǾ͵ͬˣҲħ̵ˣǧѻشȫħ̵ˣҲڣǺֻ¸⡣
ܿ죬ЩɵҲˣʵû뵽ԭƬޱ޾֣Ȼ硣
ʦ̫ʦ̫Ƿſǿħ̵˹ȥˣʱһ׷˹λʦ̫ʵ
λʦ̫Ŀ΢ʦ̫˵Ҷ˳һǼħ̵ˣǧ֮ǰЩħ˽ˡ
Ŵһ˵ĿⶼǧϾ£ʵǧǿˣԷмˣǺݣ
Ͼ¹ش󣬴ֹյúܣ˲ҵģǼħڵҲڰǾͱЩˣԷµ嵱С
˿˶ǧѣȻĬʦ̫Ȼǰһǧǿ˷Ǽħˣ˵ǣҵҲӦ֮ߣ˿ȴʲôҲ˵Īʲôɸˡȿȡ˴㲻ټ˵ˡ
ǰǧǿ˷Щˣ˵ɣҲиף֪Щˣ˶ˡ
Ⱥʱв˸Ÿۼ̬ʧأĹת˹˹֣˵λǰ԰꣬Ŵ˴֣Χ̫ڣʦδؿԷǺˣżˣȻħ̺ң¥ЩħˣԺҵмǲɵıǡ
һҲв˵ͷǣϾղųңֱ֣鼱֮ûܿ壬ҲǺϺ
ڴʱǱߺ춯˽ɫһǱ߲Ľ磬Щħȳȥˡ죡
Ÿɵˣʱ糱ˮһӿ˹ȥǧҲһ»һâǱ߷ȥ
ʦã
ĹƵȥŵҲȥʦ̫Ȼס˻¶
ʦ壬ôˣתǰλʦʵ
Ŀ⣬˱˴˶һۣʦ̫ոͽһǼħ̵һǧѸողżڲԡ
⡭
΢΢һ˳˼֮Уʦ̫ȻɫѹʦֱĻˣȻҪСħͷڸŸǰֳ
Ŵԣ¶΢΢һɣϲŹһˣڸǰΨ·һ
뵽ոλʦǧѺЩ˵̬ȣ鲻ɵüǰλʦ̫˹֣һԡ֪
ʦ̫üͷһ壺㵫˵޷
һɱʦ֣ϾֻһһΪ޹أλʦ壬ҪǨŭˡ
㡭
Ŵԣƶ˲ɵŭȴ޴ӷܿ޷ϲǧѰˣôͿʼԷ˵ˡ
ۼʦ˶λʦ壬¶æʦһʱ޼ɣλʦ岻Ҫ
ߣ
ʦ̫һ䣬ˣ˫һţչǰȥˡ

ʮĽǰһصĶʼɢȥǽҲڳѺۣѺɢӣʮڲɢ
ʦ𡭡ˣ
ֻǺ󷽣ݣӰ߷һˣҲ֮࣬滹Ŷ٣޷ơ


0550 
ɫɷףΪ˴򿪽磬ķǲԪǴˣҪٷϣƺѾˣŽǵѺ۲ȥܿ죬ʹԶˣҲܹˡ
գͻȫɢȥʱ󿪣˻ħˣֻЩķɢˣʱ˭ܹȥˡ
Ⲣ̫ʼҪģȴҲزʲôˣܲܰＸȫɱˣǻû£Ϊ֮ƣֻȥ棬ȻһкҲҪ֣С
˼ˣٲԥԱӵ缴򿪣ȥλϣ
ǡǣ
ͻıʣɫţӡһټһŷ׭ֻǷ׭һ⣬˲ŶʧӰ
ûãԶŸɵѾˣ̫ʼŵڴ˴򿪽磬˼ֵס
Щ̫꣬ʼԪ񣬵ո˶࣬Ҳɻ䣬һǰһ˵ԭ̫ʼŵĵڴˣ֪λѣſɷ񿴼ħ̵ˣ
Ŵԣ̫ʼĸ߷ĸħŵˣ͵ŵǸͽոһƿ磬ȴûע⵽Ǽħŵû
Զɵˣصҵڴˣδħŵˡ
ûп
ȺһСۣոշǼħڵ˹ȥλʦ̫Ҳ֤ʵˣΪ̫ʼȴ˵ûпǵڰиЩʲô
¡
ʱԶȻһ죬һɲǣ·ضΪ֮ҡԲʮﳾֻǽѺŵԽԽѸֻͣ¹˶ãҪˡ
˺󡭡˺󣡡
̫ʼԶȥһȿֲ֮£ԿΣ±Ҫ
ٸӷ׷ȥԶŸɵ˼ǽҪˣһҲȥ

ʦãҪż
ǧѸ⸽Ĺƺ׷çײ£ԶɱȣҴʱ粻ȣóȻȥвǻҷ³
¡¡
ǽ總𵴵ԽԽͣ濪ѣɽʯ䣬ãѺֻǲӣȴʼղ
ֻҪ粻˾޷棬һ̣˾ס˺Ҳв׼һڵһʱжգȻˣ֮
Զ½½߾ۼԽԽ̫࣬ʼŵĵӶʼЩ
һߵλǰСʵʦǵԽԽˣô죿
λ̧ͷԶĽ翴һۣڽһʱˣõλϹֻҪλˣλϵΪܽס뵽˴˲԰һЩ
Լֹ˰ʱ䣬總ԽԽңһΣϢҲѺ֮͸˳ĪеһʶԶĵطȥ
˿һεɽͻδ棬ȴıң˴ʱҲڰڵŽȻŻ
ԽԽңŵλʦ̫ʶĴѰոշһħļ߶ôתۼͲӰ
ʦãʲô
ߣǧѩһ·ǧѶ˵ʱЩ֣˳Ŀȥ˼ڰʯɽʲôҲûС
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ҲһؿǧѣƺϴδɽЩһֱŹŹֵֹģҲ˵
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ʱһ𵴺Ȼ˹ֻǽѺۣȻֿʼ£ˡ
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⡭⣡
ۼǽȹ߲˶޴ˣòײŵȵ򿪣һϣֵõȵʲôʱ
ǿдѺдȥֻв³ﻹû˭Ǹȥա
ɽ棬ۼǽѺҪϣδ벻üУȥѺһȫϣҲȥˡ
֪룬òǼ¾޷򿪰ٻؾ歷ǾȳΣҪȥ档
ûУһǽȥ֮󣬽ˣʱγ
⡭
δüʱ취˿̣Ȼһţ֪Ǻá
߰ɡ
Ϊѣħڣ涼ܹѵһССʮ֣ĳ

δ˵ͷ˲ԥһ˲ɳɽӰѺȥ
ǡʲôˣ
ܶٶǿ˼ޣգ۱ûǽѺ֮УĿ֮£ܲ˲
˼ǿгѺ֮УһһҪ⣬Ƕһ˿˿ոʲôˣ˲Ҫ
˾֮ʣȻһӰǽѺȥһγѺ۷ȥģȴǱˣǧѡ
ʦáҪȥ
߼˼ŵĵѣǵȽѺۺֲóȻȥһ


0551 
ǧʦá
Ĺͬһ磬ǰһ壬Ȼվûܹ׷ǧѣʧǽѺ档
ʦ֡ȥ
һְ̤ĹƼϣҡҡͷʦ۶µġǽ׵ѺۿȥϾɫѶ
ʱ¥ɽӯҲͬЩѶֱʱע⵽Զ̫ʼǱߣɽǸҲڣԵһߣȫɱߡ
Ǹˡ
Ĺһ½Ǻϳˣɽ棬̫ʼǰǣȴǧʦȫһΪ
뿪
һ·Ӧ˹ǧʦòڣ̫ʼǼû˹˼ɣضҪǸӱ𣬴˵ز˾

ĹƵ˵ͷ¥ɽǧѩ˸ɫȻתȥ֮ʱǺȻǿϢ˹Ϣ
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ƲＫٶӰ̫ʼŵĵһ»
֮ǰǱɼѹôڼλΪĳǰͷʱ˿
Ƕλϡˡ
λϴ˿ڸ֮ǰҲ˿ֻѺڲʧһѺȫʧʱһָλڣҲǴ򲻿ˡ
Ѻ۽Ҫʧ֮ʱٿȻ䣬ƲӰѷ˹ȴһ׷ߣһ°׷ߡ
˵ϢʱڳһֻһˣƴŤתǬ֮ƣڲϺ£ѺۣӲסˡ
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죬ýѺۺ£
ߵأ˿³˺ҲƳŲ˶ãǽѺȻ£
ųϴԣ̫ʼһڸָԥ׷ǰҪ´ǽѺۡ
Ȼ࿹˿λΪɲĳϣȴҲȻԴǽѺۡ
У
³ɫһһ̵ϣԶŸɵλѣɷһ磿
Ŵԣɵ϶¶ԥ֮ɫҲв˾֮ǰȻԸ⹲ͬĽ磬Ȼһ룬ڣ̫ʼΪ֮ߵˣҵǺȥ磬˼£
һ̣Ÿɵ˶ԥȲԸҲ֮Ķȫ̫ʼš
ۼ˴˿ɣǰǺλϴȥһλϣոաһѾȥˡ
˵ʲô
λϾ΢΢һ˽ȥˡǻ˴£λȥͷУ̽򿪡
ʱǽ總ٴδһ𵴣ۼѺ۽Ҫ£λϸļ١
˿̽ѣ³ٴɵ˵ʮƬŵأǴӹʱر̫ʼž㱾ٴȫȡߣ
һ˵֮󣬸Ÿ棬Է˽䱸֮ģϸŵֻȡһණһҲѰãΪλУѵλҪҲ޷Ǿ͸ЩϹرĹȣ𣿡
һв˶ˣܹѰٵһϹرǷؼһܹϹǱҲֵˡ
λϾҪˣѵԸǰ𣿡
λٴοڣڣһҲôˣǰȥΪرȻǽ֮ˣһ˵ǰ˷½䱸׷ǰƿ硣
棬ŵûжŵҲûжʦ̫һȺ·ħʿЩҡͷ̾ΪΪʳ
˿˵ǰǽȶѺҲټ£
̫ʼλ˿ǽҪ򿪽磬Ҳһ
ʱȥ죬ڸ˺֮£ǽһһˣʱ棬ֻܲʱгɷͻδǰ棬գδҵǴ˵ر


0552 飬
ΣӦô
СƬ֮УĸӦδǿ࣬ȻܹӦǼĶڡ
ոһ˿Ӧɲ֪ΪΣһ˿ӦֺȻжˡ
δ˫ü΢һ˵һϸ̽Ѱš
˾֪˶ԶȻһɲǣδָӦһ˿Ҳֻһɲǣ˿Ӧжˡ
򣬿죡
һΣδ׼˷ȥˣ֮ԶԶ˶˵󣬼ʹȥգĹŵأҲֻСΧڻѡ
ž붫½ǱߵħڣƣʮֵҲǴӹʱһƬŵأΪ֣ͷ·һأʮָҪޱߡ
ʱֹȥ죬仯޳ʱʱϼɣÿ֮ʱ֮УһЩӰЩӰӣ·ǴԶʱġ
δӦһǿһһжϣٶȷŻܹ࣬϶ǣر֮ѾԽԽˡ
ֻʮ棬ҲĪҪʲô֮ء
ü΢˵ţԱ߻δֵؿһۣʲô֮أ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷֻǺȻ뵽ǴħڣһǼһ֮һǽһʲôħ֮أʮָħĽ򡭡
ŷ֣ԭԼһĺãܹħڣ߳˵ȥֻǶû˸šһΣ᲻ϴõ
ãһֱʱȻӦʲôͣ˽ŲδȻͣʵôˣ
ǸоԽԽɵýüŻδҪЩ鷳һܼȥ𣿡
ܻδһּ䣬Ͼ֮ʲôҪ˱ĽŮӣʮ֣ĵطǲᵣʲô⡣
Լġ
δ֪Ѳʦ׷ˣĿǰΣǱ뾡õرʱֹƻ
˵ִ֮ȡһö㣬֮öңһ
ӹ㣬΢΢ףһ

δ˵ͷҲԥӰһΣʧʱٲԸɢȴҲûа취
Ҫ̫ʼŵ˴򿪽֮ǰҵǼһЩ˽ˣʱ򼴱ҵ֮ҲѴ
ӰʧպãһҲһߵķȥˡ
Լһʱʱɫĺ֣ӱû谵
һ±ߣǰȥ·ͣ˵ĵûãһӰԽԽ
ôЩգ㵽ʲô
ޱ飬תվԼǰԶǸˡ
һҪ㣬㵽ʲô
ǧĿ䣬һһδй˿㺮Ŀ⡣
һʲôʲôϵ
һȥ
ǧԽԽˣҲԽԽˡ
ȥȥô壬ңӦûȥһɲǣҲú
ǧѲһͣ˽Ųôһɲǵʧ񣬵ܿ죬ֱһȥҾԽԽһٴ
һٴǺǡ
һЦĿңʲôǶԣʲôǴ
㡭
ǧָһһ˿ʹ֮ɫһǵ治֪װͿʮֵ챦֪йϵ𣿲ֻ̫ʼҪõҲֻǸɵҪõǸ֪һضԪŵɿ㵹ãȻЩħڶãһ᲻ֹ㡭
˵ô
˵һѻ񵭵֮Ҫô޷Ҫﻨδ򿪰ٻؾ歷Ǵȳѡ
ǧҡҡͷҲõҲǼħڵõûδõ
һҪõءޱؿ
ʦ硭Ҫҡ
ǧҡͷ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫҪ֣֪ˮʣҲҵĶ֡
ޱؿ˫ַ󣬵ϣУ˵桭ɡ


0553 ˮ飨ϣ
ʦ硭
ǧʹ֮ɫڣˮһƳĽһȥȻŽʣǹɽ⣬ȴڲزס
һ̣·ֻص˵꣬ʱΣֻյĻЦȴĳĬ
ٿȻ˲ֻԭһӰ֮⣬ǧһȻȴһЩ
ĽƺˡվڲԶ˫Ȼ󣬿ص
ǧ˫ü壬һתʽ˲䣬ٳ̵һͬʮֱ·ɳʯܽƱǿһǱܿˡ
ôǲ̫ûýɱˣڣ治𣿡ص
ϵķ磬Ȼ䣬ˮס·˲˹һһĹӽ⣬ֱ͸ʶ

һХµʱľ׷ɣǧԪˣһ˲仯˲㽣ȫ
Ȼվԭأ˫ۣһҲ
ʱǧѣǸǧѣţһֱ֮Ů˶ϲʦʦϲҲϲȴǡǡ෴
ǸղϽ֮ˣ˴ܣײϣǲ£ȫˡ
ֱŻһˡҲǴ֮󣬲֪Ǵʲôʱʼģǧʱż
ԼҲûвǱʶУѾƽ޼ʦ磬˶֣ÿŶҪֳʤ
ʱ˿̣ͷƵһǧһ̳ƾˣˮδʣ˿ȴҲǿ˼㣬쵽˼㡣
Ӱһɲǣ·ʱҲţ޷ǰĿ죬ֻһɲ֮ʣѵǰܶù˿һ
ͣ
һ죬ǧԵǰһˣһȻ̿ˣȻһӰ棬Ǹոһ֮죬˭ô̵ʱӿǴһʼվһٵӰ
һ˲䣬ǧѷӦ˹Ҳ룬æתٿǰһ㣬͡һָײȥʱʯͷ÷顣
һУȴռ֮䣬ղ壬ǵñһָشɡ
Ҽǵãǰ˵䣬Ϊ飬һΪʵҴһʵȴ飬ͬĴԭٷһΡ
ַŻ󣬵ؿ
ǧ˫ü壬һ̣Ժֳָ˵һĻһҲ㲻Լһ̳ȥʱȴֻǴһӰ棬󻹷͵Ϯˡ
ʱˣ˵㡭Ƥβ㣬
ʱһ٣ҲôƤˣĽҴˣһ£ոҴӺ͵Ϯ㣬ħ˵Ļڻ𣿡
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ôһ˵ѸҲ֪͵Ϯ㿴ôΣĴ͵Ϯˣ
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㡭ߣǸովӮˣ
˲ˣˣʦϻˣҲʦȥɣһʦָ֪һˣָҪڱ˵ĸûɽҰСӣ⡭
㡭
üһʦŲ˵㲻ڱ˵ʦ֪ûȻҾȥʦ壬͵͵ˡ

һĻĻ֣Ȼ˵ļ䣬ȴһԶҲⲻĸңҲܻصա
ġԸһȥ
ϵķ磬֪ʱøӺ̹ˣǧѿһģҲźȴˡ
֪ǰˣҲǸػʦˣոһָԼ˲䷴ӦѾشˡ
ˮǵ͸Լģܳ򡭡
ҪֹңͰνɣԥʲô˫ָ󣬵ؿ
ʦ硭ˣգ㣬ҲҪȥ
Ȼ䣬ǧϺ¸ĻľҲ̼Ⱦһ˪ʣѽһˮǧת
ʱü֮ϻδг۶ӡһ۶ӡʵǿ
ڿʼô
񵭵һ˵꣬ȫԪһ˲ת˾֮ɫ⣬֮˿˿ȥȷʵħа


0554 ˮ飨£
£Űһ˲䣬ˮǧ˫һţһ磬˲Ϣ䳯ȥ
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ҲͬʱһɲǼ䣬ٿʱƲɵ
¡
ֻһ죬ײʱ¾һ̿¾ʹ˱ѣ˱Ԩǡ
ý໤ǧӼǰһͦŽʣһɨȥ
һֿͣһˮûгʣӹʱҲǰһͷն
ͣͣͣ
վȣǧѼͽƽܺƵֻһ·ȥ

ֻһ죬ȴһָǧѵĽƫЩǧѵĽǺ뻯ֻתٶȥ˿Ϣʱ䡣
Űֻǧѽ᲻ƣʼճӦԣʱʱһУ㼴ǧһ顣
ʹˣǧѵĽҲԽԽȻΪԶʤ꣬Ǵ˿֣һʱ֮䣬Ҳ޷ˡ

һ죬ֻǰһѶһɽ˽ʵϸ֮£ʵԪġĽ
Ľʵʵ
ǧ˫ĿһĽһҲ죬˿еĽƣȴ࣬㣬̣һһȫȻԡ

˼ԣƲãĴ⸽ҶնһƬƬ׷ɣյ֣Ҳ֮ϣһն÷顣
ĸֶԾôʤȻһ˲֮䣬ֻҪһ⣬Ȼᱻһľɱ
Ǵ˿ȴ֪ΪΣڽϵ裬¯࣬Īܼʱ˿̣˾Ȼ˽ѷʤ·ֻصʱĳֻԵĽԼԼ˿ɱ
ɫ棬ľѵ飬ڣǧʹһУҲأһ˽ײȴǽ˿ɡ
㡭
ǧվ̧ͷǰˣȻеһ࣬ԼԸŽʣȴһһ˿ء
һɢȥĽص֪ղʹǼнʽʵֻҪ｣ܹˣΪβʹء
һ俴ĵĻȴ˲øӱˣǧһ£뵽ʲôص仰ʲô˼ڡңɵЩˣҵĽ¡
ǰʼͷʱһɲǣ˾񣬼켸ҹԼڷŲ
ƽǰҲ벻һ죬ƽڶԷǰ仰˵
ҪȻȥϣҳ｣
ʦ硭
ǧؿڲ˵ˣĬؿһ仰Ҳ˵Ҳȥʲôֻ磬ԴƴһĻ
ҽն´ټ顣
Ȼһ˵꣬תҪ¶ȥȴʱǧѺȻֽסˣվס
ô㻹Ҫңͣص
һ̣ǧѵ𽥱Ҳǽߡ
Ŷ
һЦôҲ𣿲֪Ҫ࣬Ǵء
ǧѾȥʲôˣһԲһǷͬСɣŭΣԨs
ʹŽδʣк棡
Ҳһ˲תȫԪһƣȥֿǧһ
䣡
һ죬ײһ˲䣬ǱʮѺۣۿҡҡ׹ǧѵȴȻδ
һɲǣֻüĳһ۶ӡȫ˲ϢǿˮĽʣҲܲסһ˲ķѡ
һ˲䣬ƾ䣬Х֮쳹ˮˣ

һֻѽâˮѰһɵҲӲܷӳɵ˿ǧȴܷӳʮɵ
һ̣麮֮⣬նȥһɲǣҲ˾תһ˲佫ʩչ˳
һǬƥһɰ֮ʱ˿̣˴ˣͶȥĽģ
һ˲֮䣬֣


0555 ׹
ʱ˿̣˶ѽԪޣǧѵˮ⣬һĲյʦ֣յʦãһ̣ǳһ㡭

֮ʣؿһƣɫһ±üΪ԰ףԭ֮һɲǣɢ޻֮У־ΥϢоɣ
סڿʼֻжʮʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬޼ɵòǶ֮Ӷ˻Ҷӵôޣʮ꣬һӿή֮ʱ㻹δҵǿŶһ޶Ĳ֮ģȻʱΪٸߣҲɡ
ǵʹ˵Ļʮޣ֮ǰʮָħʮ겢ڣЩŽԼվ֮ǰħڣΧɱһΡ
֪УȻǣڵɣܻҶӵδľܹѹסɣ޼ɵĴ󶯹⡣
˿ڵɣֻô̶һ˲䣬Ҷӵѹȥȴպ֮ʷɣȫһɲɢλסǧʯ쾪һ
ѳȻǧѽ뻯Ҳ޷һ˲սڻǴ̳͡һһضѪƻ£į
һأһѪӿ׹ȥǧһ֮˵˵ѣ
֮䣬ǰҪָʤȴҪָһΣô
ֻеǰԽԽڣԽԽƣ룬۵һ̣󿴼һ棬ǧһ˲ʦ硭

˿һɽδѭŸղһ˿ӦǰɣȴһɲǣؿںȻһƣһѣΣӡ
һ˲䣬ϤİĻԺӹ
һѷ֪ڸģҪħŮ𣡡
ݵΪȴƫƫݲһ
ǵáǷ𡭡һ¡Ҫ㡭úûȥ

δɫ԰ףһ̣ǧһʹҲ֪ΪΣͻȻһҵʹ
ֱãͻʹԼᣬδɫָ糣ȴ֪ղǹʹζΪθոһɲǣԼ˵ĵ𡭡
ʱѿڣδתʱķȥѲ֪֮ǰֿĵطжԶԼ㣬Ӧǲ£ںסˣԼ뵱˽֮ǰҵرλá
˼ˣԥһҹɫ֮ǰƬɽȥˡ

ʦ硭
ǧϾɫһһɲǷӦ˹˲³ȥ׹Ԩסˡ
ʱ˿̣ɫ԰˫Ŀգȫʧȥʶոһ˼
ʦ硭Բ𡭡
ǧû뵽ղһὫ˵֮أܷκã˵úܡ
£Ҳûеһ㣬ƣʲôҲУǧᱧɶХ˾׹ȥ
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˸ߵ£ͬɽ̨һη壬֪˶ãɫڣµµĹȣŽ֡
ۼҪŵأҲܲסǿ׹ǧһֱֻһֻһˣһȥŻ˶׹֮ơ
ǧѱƮƮڵ棬˿ЩżҲûаֻӦ
ҹĻȻǧѻԭ±ߣȴһΪľȣ滨ݷ࣬˵
˿˫ü΢̫أֻѰһطˣ֮ǡ
ҹĻȫʱбһƬƿɢֻ֮е¹⣬
ǧѱѰһȪ˿ϴһ˿޵֮ʱеһ
ˡѵ
һ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ʲôʱĿ⣬˾ɫôô
Ϊʲô
ǧĿŵؿֱãƽȥô࣬ã˹ˡ
һҹڶհʱȻ˻Բѣǧʩһʥ𽥿ʼָ


0556 
һմŵʱǧѻˣֻ亹ܲɫ΢΢Щ԰ףȻһҹ˹Ԫġ
ʱȻһ΢΢𵴣ǧѶȻ̧ͷӣǽĵ죬ոǹ𵴣Щƿˡ
һ̣ȻеЩû뵽ЩôͰѽƿˣһ˽Ȼܿͻҵرڣڡ
ͷȻԲѵٴüˣ޷뿪һҪԪʱ̫ʼһͨͨĻҲԸˡ
ʹ˶ܣС
˼ˣֻüͷһ壬˫Ԫһˣٴεϣķ޸
ֵڶƻ֮ʱȻһƺߣһѪӿ˳˿ѹˣɫʮֲ԰ס
ˡ
ǧѼҲ˿
һûɱҰ
һ˵ţһ߻ȥǵѪȻһЦʦðʦã˵гһգɽ磬Ϊһ֮ʱʱǵýһУʱǷá
ǧѳĬԣòŵһҪҲܣڣҪһõϢ
һЦʲôõϢ
ЩˣѾ򿪽ˡǧ˵
ô
ȻԵ£˵ôҲҪȥǴ˵ر
ǧ˫ü΢壺㲻ףħҲ̫ʼ
˼ߣӦˡ
ȻתһɲǵЩҲǧһʱ̻زϻˡ
а֣֮ǺΪΪаħĴУȴĴֵΣ
վԶһƬӣ̨ϣ˽Ҫɱңҡɱһˣ
һɲǣϺȻֳһɼصһǧ΢΢һԭ⽫ʮʱУʱ޿̶ôĳô
ЩˣطȣۣЩΪ˵õ飬ǣδᡭ
ϵԽԽأ˴۲ټ˵ȥˡ
Ͼħ
ǰϾħˣᱻݣҲħˣΪ־ң
ת˿âֱǧϣһҲ
ˡ
ٶԣתߣǧһ̤ȥֽס˻δá
ǵģȥõôص
ǧ˫ü΢ĬȻòŵҲȥģܣõʦˡ
һ˵ָֻ꣬ٿ͡ٵϼѨǽѨˡ
ʲô
üһҪѨƻδȬֱ˹οܳ忪ǧѵķѨֶΣ
һֻ̣ǧɫӲ԰ˣΪˣǼԪͨסԷѨٴԪ
߰ɡ
ǧѿ˿˫һ죬漴չṦȥֱҹʱһĹȡ
ѵʹһ·ңȥ챦
Ѩ˿̶ãδȬһҲ˲
ǧû˵һɽ£һ˵⿪ѨԹӦңȥŮħ̵˶رұ⿪Ѩ
ҪϲߣɡԱۣ˵
ǧһ̾ʱɫʮֲ԰ף֮ǰĹأһ·УȻһķ˴ԪҲȻܷɡ
£ɽ˹ָǵҹ֮ʱɽһȻ˽һۡ
˭
ֻһѣһɲǣǧѾٴһ㣬ɫһ±쳣
ۣһΪѲδʱ˽Źʲôˣںʲôϧ˿⣬ʶҲ޷̽ȥ
һɽﴵȴûκˣ˸е˿˿־岻
ǧɫɷףͷϽ亹һˮ֣Ҳδ˽ŵӣüͷһ壬ѹ⿪ҵѨ
ꡭ㲻Ҫ˵
ǧɫţ˸ƣü˿ʶ޷̽ȥʶ⸽ˣӲʶӦ˵Ϊ˻ߣţʱûˣǧΪξ³


0557 ·
ɽ棬쪣ޱҹɫ֮У֪ʲô˿־Ķǧס˺ߵߣС˵棬ҳȥһ˵ţһ߾ȥˡ
ȵȡ
üͷһ壬ûˣȽ⿪ҵѨ
ǧͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷЩԥʱ⿪ѨȻ뿪룬ջûȥˣƬ̼ûӰ
ǧѣ
ȴûκλӦֻ󣬴洵˽
һûκζǧҲ֪ȥ˼룬ԼȻ߲ˣʱֻԵǰڵܷ忪Ѩ
˼ˣԥĿھĬģһһתڡ
ǧѵķѨֶҲһʱ̣Ҫ忪ѨҲһ
˰ʱ䣬ֻаðϸ亹ؿһ͡忪Ѩ

˿չЦ촫ǧҲ벻Ͼ񹦣ܹ忪ĽֶΡ
ʱɽһˣΨ󣬴ּ䣬Ϸ졣
ǧδԥǿһԶȥˡ
뿪֮⣬ʱȻԽɭɭ
ɫ԰ףδȬ˴󶯹ֻһãһֻСƿ滹һöٻָܹơ
°ٻ͵ϥ˹ҩЧɢȫԼһϲԻָѪɫŴʱǧѻδ׷ٴչɽȥ
ʱ䣬֮Ѳ֪˺δ뼸ǰĽѾ򿪣ЩȻǷӵ롣
֮ǰԷûδһȥѰرΪЩ˽˽ˣ뾡ҵδ룬ݱЩʶƣȻΣա
һջƻ֮ʱһɽ棬էдʶ̽ȥȴʬǽ壬һڱʮΧɱ
Ƕʮ棬һǻΪʮǺ꣬ħ̵аޡ
ȻǶʮ˽̫ʼŵˣֻΪλڴΧɱаޣһʱ֮Щף˫û˿أоֱȡԷȥӣ¿Щ򵥡
£Сʶ۲죬ⱻԷ
һаһ·磬Ȼ䣬ֻһӣ֪ʲôǷڣȻһ֣˲Ϣ仯һɺˡ
ʦˡҪ׷ô

һ̧а޻ʧķ򣬴ʱȥ׷ǽʶ̽ȥ
ɽ棬Ϣ񣬼Ϣڲסⱻߵʶ֣һδܲŴȥ
ȶԷƬ̣԰һ뿪ķ̫ʼ¹ܣڴʲô⣿
£ȴܲô࣬뵱ҵδǣ뿪֮ʱԶȻһ
һ˵ޱȣһ½
ֻа׷ɣһ칬ӵŮӻ£Ǳˣǧѡ
ʦǶ𣬿Һҡ
ǧ˵ʱƮƮһ֦֮ϡ
ô㻹ҪңҲգδ㹦δǷҪٴһ
˱˴˶ӣȻ䣬ǧԾ£һ˾ִһ
ֻǴʱǧΪˣĹ󣬵ҲδָԴ˿̶˴òһ㼤ңһһʽ֮䣬лء
һ˹⣬ʱԶȻдƬӰȫ̫ʼŵˡ
Ϊ׵ߣһǸղ뿪ߣһɽĺߣ滹ʮӡ
ʦ𡭡
ǧ̫֮ʼʱӾ˳ɽǧѴǰӣں濴ʱһ۾ͽ˳
ǧѡ
Լͽ֮˺ߵʱۣһɱģǿ¡
ʦ֡ǡ
ߵĿȴһϣȻɽǵһɳѹʶǰˣĪǱǡ
˿̼̫ʼŵ˺Ȼˣɽ棬ǧҲͣʱһߺȻӰĹƺߵˡ


0558 ˫
ʦú
ɽ棬һԶǸˡʦ𣿿ǸոգΪοǧʦý֣ǰţ˲ѵΪϴΡ
̫ʼŵˣʦáȱȥ
ĹһһɲǣĿⲢϣԶ̫ʼЩϣΪ׵߾лΪȻܵóǴʱǧʦƺ˲ٹ
ǧʦñһ֣Ĺ󡭡
ǧѩһ¾ͿˣǧʦһĹ󣬶̫ʼŵȴʱЩ
Ҳ˵Щʱ̫ʼìܲϣһɽǧʦǰӣ̫ʼűݣߴʱɱڵӣ½սһս
С
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ߴ˿ɱӣҪǧʦòȵزˣԶţ
ֻһ̫ʼǱ߷ȥĹ΢΢һʦá
ȻѾ̫ʼЩ˷˹ȥý˵̫ʼŵĶλǰ˵ʦǰӣ⣬λǰܷ֮ϣʱ

˵꣬ߴһһɿȥ顱һʱ˳ȥ
ʦã
Ĺɫһһ˲ȥ԰нסߣ˫ѨԻơ
ûû¡û£ǧʦ뿪
ɫ԰ף˵ʱһѪ˳˳ոһ£һ֣߳һ
ʱ¥ɽҲʦ㱻ߴˣӯһ±ǰڼﱾǺ绽ǧС㣬ȻţҲ¥ɽȻٲһЩСƢ
ʱʦˣ뵽ЩǱ̫ʼŵ裬̲סŭͷһγ彣ָߣŭ̫ʼ̫Ҳһǰһвʮ֮һ֣Ǵ˳ȥ
˵˴¥ɽɫ䣬ѺĻ˵ʱȵסڣδ䣬žһƣϡ
ʦʦ֡
ӯ˶סˣһֻеϻʹᣬ׵ŵĪ˵ʦִֶһػҲδ˵ɽգԼû˵ʲôΪη
¥ɽɫ԰ףæת߹ֵʦ֪ײǰǰһʶ
ɫĿȻԶǧϣص֮£㼸޹أ뿪
¥ɽ΢΢һæתӯ˸ɫߡ߰
˭ѾԪˣ̫ʼߴ˿Ҫɱǣֱ練ơ
ʮʮǧ֮ңǼλϣҲȲǣǽҲû֪̫ʼɱġ
ȵȡ
ʱǺߺȻֽһ˽סˣ¥ɽ亹乣תǰкηԸ
Ǹˡǿϵã䣬˵ʱԶǧվһָȥ
ߵʱɫһ䣬æ¥¥ʦ֡Ҫ˵ɡ
¥ɽ亹˿عͷС˵ˡǣʦյĵӡһ
Ŵԣɫ䣬ȴһ𣬹Ȼ룬漴Աߵʦִȥһû׽ȥ
ɫֻһͷǾͽ飬һŲܡ
ƳʱУٶԣǶ£
ʮԥһȫɽȥţƲν
ɽ棬ȴ̬һЦʦãҪȻȱȿҶ֮䣬˭һ
ʮϮǧٶԣһָһʷɳˮ˲䣬ʱϮɽȣޱҫ۵Ľâֱ
ԭǿʮ̫ʼŵӣһɲǾؿһƣһϣδܹǿĽ⣡
һ̣ɽȣȻľҡҶҷɣУҶȫ۵ǰ
𡪡
һҶ˲۳һӰʮ̫ʼŵ˺Хȥ
ǧҲһɲǳֻһҫ۽â𣬽ɿֱƾ䣡
䣡䣡
ľնĽ޲̫ʼŵļʮˣ˲ݲľѪ󵹷˳ȥ˵ˣһ


0559 ս
һĻɷԶĹƺ¥ɽˣң뵱꣬Ż䣬ʱһֻǸ򲹵ӣǼûĻᣬ˭뵽Ż֮һˣ
óĹƵ˸һ˵ƣǳҲʹȴ׷˿ֲľ磬õ
Ȼ֪ľǼ򵥵ŵƣǵ̨ϣʦˡڣ裬ľǷǱѰ
ǧѷʹġնϳ˵｣Щ磬ҲȷʵͬСˡ
ЩȻҲһЩֻ񣬶Ѿˣֻһпľڵ֮еĵλȻɺ
ʱ˿̣̫ʼϾ΢΢ɫ¶ǵǸͽô
Щ̫ʼźȻӿԪµӶгɫ֮˴ѹš
ȴֻе֮ˣ֮κξųֹ
ֱһ棬˸ǧѣһ˿ɳƵ˫ֻ޳ȴֳ顣
ûзЩ飬ţƾǧѵ裬˫赣Ȼ̫ʼųɫ׵ĵٶ࣬кܹһâө֮ԡ
Ȼ鴫Ϸ򣬾Իһᣡ
ֻɫ˫һ̧ȻһɫȫΧɷΧʱӿɳʯ
ǧˮһ𣬽ϣӶ֣ȫҲһɲǣһˮ峺
Ϯɷ
һߣһȣ˫ָӡҲһ˲һһΧľһ½ݣϰ֮ķʮóݻ֮
֮ô
񵭵ĩһ𣬼󳤷һɲǣһµƣ˿δǰ߷
ߣ
һߣһߣɰ˷Ԫ˫һţɽʯԨƲɵֱǧѶȥ
ɱڣƣͽδ֪ӿģԴһֱɱ򣬲һ˿أ
ǧĿԣһˣһݣʱȫ֣жɱУһʱɽѣ
һɢ߶ʱĺˣϾɫһһƣҪöԷ飬ͷȴƲһţ̶ԷĽ
֪ˮŽϹͨ˵˿ֿ̳ƣзҲδܹâ
ϷСѽˡ
ܿһȴղóȻˣһߣԪ˲仯âܣ˷ɵסˮŽǼǿĽ
ʱһߣֻ𺣣ϮˣǺĸΪ͵һһػȴСԵ֮ˣԴ⣬ǷΪҽ³
׻ҴܣȫʢʱڣǲѴ֮ƳδֻСӦԣڶԷ֮С
˿ֻɲڶԷ׻֮䣬ʱʱʩԴƷҶԷƣæҡ
˶Ƭ̣Ǻʼ޷׻ȴǼΪԪȥһԪݽߣǱ졣
뵽˴Ǻ˫Ŀ΢֪Ҫսپֻһ𣬾ɰ˷׻𣬾˫֮ϣγǿ׻֮ơ
Ȱ
һȣǺ˫ƾл֮ƣֱۼǿϮҲԥ˫һھȻˡ
һһת磬ʱǿֹ䡱һʯѣǺòסȥ
Ǻ䶨վȣ˫ȴȴأңǰˣһɲǼ䣬вɵ¶һɾɫ
ǿĹлᣬ˾裬ٹ꣬ܵУĪǵǡ
ʱƽԷȻȫʢʱڣԼĶ֣뵽˴һ
ʱԶĹƵ˿Ϣ۾Ҳգһ£˾δ뵽ǧʦúһ֮ǿзȫʢʱڣ̫ʼŵߣǶ˶֡
ʦ֡
Ȼ䣬һ󺰣Ҳǧѽһһص˺ԡ
ʱҲս˲ϢصǧԣɫЩ԰ףʵΣŵסô
ǧΪˣԪδָߴսԪʧʱȻЩ֧ˡ


0560 ˮ
޷Σ
ǧһۣɫҲѾЩ΢΢԰ף֪ʱҲǿŰˣȥȻǣƣʱأ̫ʼŵʵ׶ԸһȻˣֲֻ
˴ʱѹģԪʧ֧ȥȴƫƫҧǿţֻǲԸڣԸñ˴֪ԼҪԷԸ۶ԷǰǣҲǡ
ʦ֣㿴û˿ҪŲסˡԶ˫Ŀ˸һɱɱ
֪
ͬɱ˱˴˶һۣԪδָȻϮ
һΣ˵ʵֻߺȻһѳɽһָǡ棡
Ż䣬ɽȵϷȻһƬ𺣣ʯ׹ɲǼ䣬㽫ԲʮľΪһƬ̿

˷ĻɣɲչǧҲʩչ˼£СǱ桱Ǻߵľ۶δȥȻҵҲᱻҴܵ׻Ϯ
һʹñ͹ĵĶˣԪʧøΪѸˡ
ˣǧʦúһԪҪľˡ
Զɽ棬ĹƼĽ٣κǼΪʱҲ޷ǰ
Խ׹䣬˶Ƭ̣ǧˮɫ԰ס
Ҳ֧Ųסˣϵ˿ѾٶȱѣѪȥȻԪδкľѪҲɡ
ʦ硭
ǧѼǰ½ѾȫѪȾˣ֪˿ڱѣȥ˷̫ʼﲻɡ
ʦãɻǵáˮ顯
ȻԪʱȻңɫ˵ǰ̫ʼŵˣǵħڣ˵Χɱֺ
ˮ顭
ǧһ뵽ʲôһˮ飬ǵȲִ
Ǻ򵽣һнȻƥУȴ÷֮飬˷ܷӳһ˿з֮ǡ
һнӲãǺִˮŽһʽ̺ܱ֮ˮ顱̺ʹ̺Ҳˮ顣
ΣΨƸۣˮðһԣܶɹΣˡ
˼ˣ˶ԥһԾ̫ܿʼ˵Ĺƣ߼˺ǰ׷ƴԪһƴ˰ɾ롣
漴һսĴϣ˴˶һۣԥһͬˮȻȥ꣬һһʽȻμģա
һ̣統һʱ˱˴֮䣬ͨͨһңֻҪˮ飬ҪĵԪҲ١
£򣬳޺οΨУ䡭
Ŷ˿н˷ʱƾ䣬ǺʩγɵĻ𺣣Ҳһɲɢȥƣ֮ӿ
һɼǿĽ⣬ʱǬη壬ԶĹƺǧѩ˾Ϊ֮һʵû뵽Ƕ˾ܺǿĽ
̫ʼǱߣ߼Ʋԣһֹ֪˷һһ˲佫Ԫޣ͵س˹ȥҪֹˮķȴѾˡ
ˮ飡
һ˲䣬ڽˮһʽˮ顱һնɽӱ飬ɣ𺳾ʮأ
ɽâܵУɽһ˲飬ԭѾܴ̫ʼŵӣʱǳܲסѪɳ
¡
һ죬ȻлΪһ֮£𣬾ϣܱԪǲ֮ҡ
ֻڳ֮ҷ˳ȥ漸ʯײ÷飬ǧѾĹһ֮£
̳þòɢɢ֮ʱȴɽǱΪƽأǰ߸ǱˮĽնһǧѺԨһ㣬ڲס
ֱʱߵ˲ηѣղһǺεĽǧʦúʦܣ˿µĽ
ֻǧɫ԰ףȻļ󣬶Ҳãǵû˿Ѫɫղƴǧѷˮ飬˿ϵ·ѱѪȾ͸

ǧѼƸһȴˮȥģЩھ֮⡣
ˡ
ٵϼѨֹס˿ڵѪȴʱȻɼǿϢ͸̧ͷȥƲ㷭ӿݣ˸µĵˡ


0561 ս
ӰٿȻȴµߣǰ׷ߣΪߣǴʦ֣ұǺڷߣΪǲ͡
˸ոʶӦߵĶʦçײ£ʮ𼱵ĸʱһĻ˼Ŀѡ
ʦܣ
˼˹ȥǰ׷Զǧѿһۣϵʱһɱλʦˣ
δ䣬ֻ˲ʧԭأٴγʱǧǰ
ģ
ǧһ˲䷴Ӧǰߣֽӡһָӡ⧲֮£ֵܵסߵƥһƣ
飡
ֻһ죬ǧһˣʱһѪӿȾǰ½
߹Ѹֳͣצһ³ץȥ˲һ˲䵲ǰһһɲǽת˼ޣ˲۳ƣ䡱һǿЩ

һ£ȴҲòᣬʱһѪӿϵ˿ڣǱѿѪֹѶȾˡ
ʦ硭
ǧɫ԰ףһǰסʱĺɫĺϣƻбգѴѪѪ˴˷š
粻ͣش˵ͷʹö˵ıӰһ̿ȥмȻ
ϣ˶Ҫִݣʹһˣһ˹𣬽ձȻܹԸĸߡ
գ˵
ͳһ㺮˪˵ʱ˫ַ˲һɫȥ
ʦúһŲסˣ죡
Զǧѩһ˲˹ܼ˶δԶԶǰ⻯ߵĶ֣һɲǣͬʱλڵĵ˳
޼Ǭ򽣾
Ĺ˫ֿٽӡǿȫԪŸ򽣾ʩչ˳һɲǣֻ콣ܼ籩꣬͵ǿϮȥ
ҲԼǿıʩչ˳˴˿ʹ޲
һ˲䣬طƾ䣬ǿƼ˵ϱ˵ĵһ𣬾߰Զ
ܼ˺֮£δʹܵصĴˣȴ˳ȥ
վ֮в¶һ˿΢΢ɫôȻ֮
ԽˣɱԽأ֪Сվװף
ȻǿɱʹֳձøΪţ£ֻԪһۣʱӿķһɰѹĹƼ˶ʱһһɲǣҲֹͣˡ
ÿ
߽Ҫ֣Ȼǰһ̤һ˲佫ټ˳ָҡһʱʣɲǼ㽫˷Ԫȫ˹
һֻ̣ȫ֣˽һ㣬һɰѹ֮£лΪʱҲеһϡ
Ŀһ˲佫Ҷ׼ߣ߼Ҷ׼Լʱһæ˹ס
һ̣Ȼı⣬һ½Զ˶׼ȥҪ÷ٵúķԪԪԱ֤һҵܹһشǰߣԲشˣʹϾ˼Լˡ
һ˲䣬Ҳ뷨ǶȻһæԶ˺ʦܡģ
ȻѾֻһɿңһ֮˲仯âֱɨ֮һоԻҷ
Ǻڷߴʱרǰߺͺ˹ˣΪƾʦ֮ҪȺСѴ֮ȴõʱһֲ֮ѳɨ
Ӧʱһ֮ѽǰ䡱һѪ˳ȥߣԭѾشʱٱֲһ𣬿·Ҳûþˡ
ʦܡ
߸ĿѣʱҲ˲һˣһ˲˻ȥ˫һ̧ɲǼֶͨΣסߺͺɢĻǡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
Ǻڷ˹ϣʱҲܴᣬѪӿһֻؿڣһֱֻղŵĿֲ֮ˣѪģѪע
ʦܡס
ɫ˼ͬ㣬ʱλʦϣֻסλʦܵԪ
ʦ֡
Ǻڷ˵ʮѣѪ졭ʦ֣죡λʦѾȲˣȥ׷Ҫˡ


0562 ż֮
ڸոգѾƴ󲻶Ԫ˲ǬǧѺˣȫˣʱѾǧ֮ããɽ֮С
ɽ棬һƬǽ壬̫ʼżʮӣ˵ˣߺͺߣûˡ
ʱԶʺȻһƬӰȴ̫ʼļʮӣǰһĻʮӶˣʦ𡭡ʦ𣡡
ʮӴӿг϶λʦʬףʱ޵أһƬ
ʲô
Ŀѣ˫۲Ѫ˿һɱݺݵصȥټˡʲôһҲܷŹֻҪŵˣɱһɱ⣡ǵĻǣҴ
ʮӶŵôסˣƬ̲ŷӦǡǣһ˵꣬׷ȥټ˿ͬš
ʦܡʦܰ
ߺȻеһתģָ޺޵λʦܣߺãʦ֣һѪȾ࡭Ǳ𣡡
ʦ֡ʦ֡
ֻǺڷɫ԰ףʱϢѾ𽥱ˣ߼æ˹ȥţһԪϱ֮иһ֮ʹʦܡ
ڷҡҡͷ촽԰ףϢصһ޷ʦ֣һҪ֪һ¡
˵˵
㿿
ڷϢ߶ߵ˼䣬ֻɫһ䣬ģеĳ֮ȴˡ

ҹĻȻ֣ҹ֮ʱֻããɽȻһʮ⣬ʲôҲС
ĽŴ򿪼գѾߣ˽ģȻЩ˵Ϲرȴ˿üЩӰµ
ʱһžĹ֮УǧѩǧѻָԪڲԶһɽ棬תָƺ͹
ҹʱ֣ǧԻָɫ򶴿ŵߵʦ㣬ȥ
ŶŶá
ǧѣϵãոȥΣֻվڶ棬ԷһԲ˹ˣҲýȥš
ʱٴ߹ȥ˹ԥƬ̣СʵʦܣЩô
һһŶǸŮӣЩʦʦ棬žԵˣˣҲʲô
ҲѲŵˣιʻ֮ơص
ңҡ
ߵͷһʱ֮䣬֪
ɱĴħͷ˼˶£Ĺƺ¥ɽˣʱе£ֻŸ߽ˡ
Ҵǰһֱô㣬ڡǸ˿ڣ֪ʲôˡߵͷ˵
Щ˿ߵ˽ֻҪǷǡҡͷһЦɽȥˡ
һԣһ̧ͷҡͷʦܣģҺʦãʦ㣬ʦǣǴûоħ
ˡ
һֹ̧ס˵ȥЦҲãħҲãţĳθɣ˵գ̤ȥˡ
߼ҪߣЩŵʵҪȥģϵ˺ô
޴󰭣ҳȥЩû׷
ŶŶ
ߵ˵ͷʵʦܣʱ䡭Уп˼ȴ𣿡
ô
뼸ǰǴδŽδȳ󣬹˼ȴˣӦѾˣ˵֪ȥЩҲӰ
Щ꣬û
Ŷ
ֽͷȥ֪ʲô
ˡ
һۣ㼴һĹȥˡ
ҹУֻʣһ˻վǶڱߣվãתصԼһڵɽ
Σ
ǧѼһ˻ʵ
˵ѾްոȥЩ׷ûʵ档

ǧ΢΢ͷٶʡ
һֱʱѳȥЩˣȴʼղʱվڶڱϣüʦȥ˴ҹôûǲʲôΣˡ
ˡ
ʱǧվ潫Ҫʣ˵

һʱ֮仹δף˵ȥЩ׷û𡭡
Щû׷ˣЩ׷ˣȻǡǧѩ͵
ô
׹ˣֻǰЦ˵һ仰Щ˿ߵ˽ֻҪǷǡ
紵ɽȣҶɳɳ죬ǽҪʣһɲǣȻһᣬƿҪ޳ˡ

İһƬż֮أʮ쳣Եʣʱе㣬ѾʱӦδλˡ
Ƭż֮ؾޱ޾һֻǰһȻӴ˴£֮ʿ׷׽УѰǴ˵Ϲ汦
ոɵҲйɱԭͺŸɣƬ֮غ󣬷·ȫħһɱ֮ı
ʱվһ±ߣ죬üţӦһ˿ǴģѵδҲĹż֮أ


0563 ŵ֮
ĺɫĺϣȻһ˿ɱ֮վ±ϣ˼ãһǰƬż֮طȥ
ããŵأޱ޼ʣһҹĻµΡ壬ԼԼԶʯ񣬳ƬʧصĹϴأ˾η֮
⼸գż֮֮ʿȿֺ˽һŵؾѰϹ䱦
ȻҲһЩԵǳ֮ˣȷʵѰٵһʱ챦Щ챦Ҳɱ֮ԴͷѰ챦ȻǺãʧ֪ǸܷŴȥȴҲһ⡣
Ƭż֮ޱ޼ʣһһΧţֻڹż֮صΧһ㣬δġ
Ҫż֮صģҲһż֮һ裬ȷǿ磬ֻڽѺ档
ŵҹʱУȻǰһӰ˵ʱʱ죬æһܣһӰǰӹצӣŵ½˺ˡ
δǵӰ˲Ϣɱ˻ɲһչǿܿһӰϮɱ
ʲô
Ŀһۣȴʼ޷ǺӰʲôǶٶ̫죬쵽ʶ̽塣
ɷɷɷ
˼֮ʣǺӰһγϮɱ˹һεٶȸ죬һδܱܿιڿ壬ԭǶһߺǣûƤ⣬֪ż֮ʲô
ɷɷ
Ȼ֮䣬һϮɱɲһԾʮɾ룬˫ּӡǬ壬аƣ
һ˲䣬˫֮϶Ȼһӡһ³ǺǴȥֻ͡һǺƺǾҷӡ֮󣬲ȥշʶȥ
˫Ŀ΢Ȼ෨ӡֻڹż֮صΧѾĹŵʦڵаӡԶԸĺǹŵ滹ЩʲôµĶδһУϣ¡
һ·ȥҹֵĶ֮ǰĹǺֻһЩ飬ЩȥȾ֣֪ΪΣЩйصĶǺ׵سߡ
ڿ쵽ʱЩֵĶɢһϣδκν磬ôؾͻڹż֮صΧ
մſ쵽ʱһ֪ɽ棬߽ûãҪ̤֮ʱȴɱ֮
ŲˣܷӦضһʯ棬ʶֻ̽ɽ棬ڴɱܹԼĪˣʬǽ壬ѪȾɽȡ
ЩɾԪ˴֮䱾֮꣬ʱȴ֪ΪΣ·ħһɱ˫ͨ죬һĻǽ˿ˣţ
齻
ֻ漸ٸˣ׷ɱǰһµӣӵܣһ㵭ĻϢƺˣű׷ɱ
Ҫ飿б¾ã
ǺҲɱۣһǧһ飬ǱҲύȥġ
һ˵ֻ꣬һ֮нһöɫĻӣһߣһöССӣɲǼųȵĻ棬һ˲佫ʮ˷Ϊ˽̿
ɽ棬ɫ΢΢һʲôȻ

ɽ棬ֻǺЦֹ˭б¾
ЦδЪбȻһնǺ껹δӦʱֻһʹѪһ罦˳ֱۣնȥ

ǺһŤһ̾˲ʹҲֱ۶ˣȴֻȥ顣

ŷ֮һµߣʱǺһͳͷȥ顱һʱ飬
顭
ٸˣһȫӵȥ
õ֮Ҳһ㵭Ϣ˿̼ٸǰ֮ʱϺȻһӡҪ뿪գ
һ⧲æ˫ֵֿ顱һȴǱһˣе黹δȣַ˳ȥ
顭
ոһƴǸˣǸµߣʱɴ˳ȥԥһ˲չ˹ȥ
ʧȥһ㵭ĳɫϢҲʧˣʱǻȥ飬Ҳԥһ˲ȥ


0564 
Ǳߡ죡
ǻߺߣɽҲȥ
֪һԼԼɱ֮Щȴ֪ΪΣ˿̸ħһҲʲôħһǲҪȥᡣ
ܿ죬һɱ˭Ǹ϶ֳһ㵭Ϣܲصס
ɱ˽ʱ䣬ԭ˿ֻ̾ʣ˰˲鱻ȥȾѪ
顭飡
ʣµļʮˣȻǷһɱۣʱͬŶδֱܷһͬŶնˡ
ɽ棬һĻֻ룬ЩѾˣҩɾȣԼþҵδ룬ЩˣȻΣա
Ƭֻ̣ɽʬǽ壬Ѫɺӣ飬ʱȴһʯ棬ɢһɹϢ
飬顭
Ȼ䣬ʬһѪӣղű˹ȥû뵽ʱ˶ˣֻʣһˡ
ҵˣǶˣҵˣֻܹȥһˣ
ֻҡҡλʯȥϸ֮ܽʱһӰȻʱ˸ɢʲôˣ
ȻǱˣǸոһֱ
Ӽ飬˵ɱйȥֻƾϵΪĶ֡
ֻ͡һһָȥʱվԭ޷ˣֵؿǰˣ㡭ʲôˣ
ûһʯȡ˳Ӽһ±ҷ£ҵģҡҵġң
Ȼû˿̽ʱܵһɵϢҲ֮ǰЩһһɫϢ
ԭˡ
ʱѾ֪ôˣ۽ǷǲϸԪӤУֻҪϣǾһֳһϢҶ뻹Ѹ֮ʿ
顭顭ңҵġѵʦûн̹㣬Ҫñ˵Ķ𣿿컹ңҰ
Ȼ״񣬴ʱ·ҪˣֻҪ顣
˫ü΢飬ȥʵشңΪǶҪ飿
ҡҵģҵġң
ӴʱƺѾ쳣û˵ʲô
ɵüһٲ˵ⶫ
ԣӲ˼֣һ¶˿־֮ɫæ𡭡˵˵
ǾͿ˵
ǡǡ
ֻʿˮĿת飬С˵Ҫȥһ㣬ͱҪ顭û˵ֵסǽ֮϶ʴ֮Ψ֮Ϣֵܹס
˵˴ӷ·ħһ飬ٺЦֻҪȥһ㡭رǡǸ󲻵¡һرȫǡȫǹرٺ١ٺٺ١
Գ˵һȻ˼ֲ֣ô˲Ҫ飬ԭҪȥż֮صһ㣬ҪС
ǣˣҲôҪ˰ɣոտǵӣѾȫ߻ħˣ֮أʹຣԨйŹ֮
顭
̶Ƭ̼䣬Ѷӽűȥȥɡһ˵ָ꣬սѨ
ӼԷ黹ˣдϲҪȥʰ֮ʱȴֺȻ䱸˲Լӵʱ򣬽Լɱ˰ɣò׵õ飬Ը⽫黹ֻթ
Ľ䱸ؿԼʵѻ㣬Ϊβ񡣡
ٺЦģȻӵʱǱɱˣ
Ǳȱɡ
˵ţһȥˣֱӰʧӲɻüȴô࣬ӣһӰɽһȥˡ
뿪ɽ֮ȥһߵأʧķ˼
Ҫȥһ㣬ȻҪһ飬ֻҪߣͱȻɱ¾
δȫָδֻûҵʱǹʸղţŽһǸӣӳȥʱѾһʶ


0565 ƻɳĮ
ʱ䣬һ·׷ʶż֮ȥȻϣӸõ鲻ʱɱˣӸˡ
һ·ں棬ĿһĻĻɱ֮ʿᣬż֮ҵ䱦ն޾ɱ¾
ż֮أ̶ձһŨŨѪ֮ߵѪһһ㣬͸Ƭŵص
һջƻʱѪ֮ٴֹŵأΪ챦飬ɱħһ޲ɱ˫ۡ
ЩѾõĸˣԴƬŵ֮󣬾Ҳħһɱ¾޷԰ΣٸĵҲ޷ǻѡ

һƬɫĻƻɳĮȻеؿһƣһɲǣеɱȻҲǿֹ
¡
һѣϮͷʱֻеЩתǰľŤƻµɳĮǱѪȾһһѪ֮
ɱɱɱ
һշ֪ڸģ
ɱǣɱŮ
ɱɱɱɱɱ
Ȼ䣬˫۱Ѫ죬ǰֳ̨һģһĳΧɱ֮ϣŵˣطȵˣŸɵ˶ڡ
ɱɱ
ɱɱɱ
һ̣ʧˣ˲һѳһһЩնȥѪȾɳĮʵΧʲôҲûУֻһƬޱ޾ĹɳĮ
ɱɱɱɱ
۱Ѫ죬߻ħ֮ƣȻһƺߣʱѹǰһƬһĺɫɳĮʲôҲûУղŵȫǻԼġ
صɱ˵й죡
˼ˣֻһϥ£񣬽ʦľ˳壬֮ĺþǣ֮ǲԾģ塭
ùһʱֻ۾ѾָϵɱҲɢˣ̾źգֻһ㣬ԼҲͱúЩһ߻ħˣ˴죬˶
ʱԶƬɳȻжֻ֮Ȼ̳в߶ΣƺǼٸ׷ɱĳˡ
ϣ׷ˣ
תۼ䣬ЩѾ˸һƣɫһ䣬ֻڼٸǰߵģǱˣδ룡ˡѵҲЩһ߻ħˣ
뵽˴оһɹȥʱȴδȻͣת׷ɱЩˣЦҪ飬Ҹˣס˵գһ½еһɳ˹ȥ
顭飡飡
˼鱻Զʱȿֺس˹ȥһȥǱɱϣѪȾɳĮ
δƺ⣬Цһϵɳ˫һ㣬ƮȻԶһʯͷ档
ʱҲϢԣԶЩɱ֮ʿ˵⽫˴ġ

δ뱻ͻһתˣؿһι·İһ˴ķЦڰǸʦ

˫ü΢Զɱϵˣʵ㽫˴ʲô
ꡭ
δæ˸ƣСɳĮ·һ󷨣ֱܹӴͨһĽ磬󷨹úܣҪܶ˵ѪܿҾ͡
˴ɱǵѪ󷨣
ʹµˣʱȻ赭д˵˳ﲻе΢΢һ
δ˿̿Լ֮⣬һ²ˣüôʲô˸µαӣɱֱħ̵˸ݣҲʲôˣҸսʱ򣬾ͿѾˣԼ˶ɱ
ˡ
ټ˵ʲôԶȺɱеȥ˵ЩѾȫɥʧǣطйŹ֣δ룬ѵһҲûз𣿶
󣬼ԼתͷȥȴϴЦһ˫ĿԼ⣬ʵΪ˿ң
δЦڲһһﳤ̵Ľ˰ֻߣѽ
ҡҡͷεؿ˵¡
֪ѽ
δһЦԶ£ȺɱȥصЩ֮Ϊʶ裬㿴ң𣿡˴תͷȥ


0566 ŵض
ֻδγûһ˿ǣҲ˵ȫûܵ˵صӰ죬Щڼˣһ˴˵أͱƣħ˵һʲô⣿
뵽Щʿڿ˵ħŮҪɱ죬ǿЦ
δ׹ȻһЦĺȽȽЦŵ֪ϲʲôϲı˼ˣһһҶϲն֮أҲϲϲճ䡣ΪǰڵĵطﲻճҲ䡭ϲģ˼ˡ
ϲģ˼ˡ
һʱ̻Щ̫Ϊλ˵δƶǶȻЦԺлˣҴȥҵļ棬㲻Ҫͺá
ļ硭
ôǵһԼļ磬ʵںδ
δЦȲ㣬Ժ֪ˡ

ͷټ׷ȥ뵽ϴȥݳǣķ֮Ҳһ˵ǰȥһݳǣԺлˣҴȥ
ճôѽ
δЦ绨˵˵ţǰˣͻȻʱŷɳĮֻʣʬ壬ٲˡ
ȥ
δ˫һ㣬ɳĮȥϣȵȡ˵ع죬СΪ

δ˵ͷԣɱĵطֻЩʬȻѾûѪѪȫɳĮˡ
ü΢˵һƬɳĮ֮£Ȼһ󷨣ֵǣҪ˵ѪܿѱйŹ֣ȻСһЩ

δٴε˵ͷȾѪɳһ벻ոˣͬھڴˣ󶼻鲻֡
˳ԣ̰ţþӣլԿ࣬˭öδ볤һݵĶ˷ֿˡ
Ծţû뵽һħŮĿУ˵ŵоЩʿˣֻΣ
ʱºȻһɾҵ𶯣·ʲôһ㣬⸽ɳҲֽδһġ
û¡ǵµˡ
δ뻺˵ţ漴УֻƬɳĮƶһЩطγɳУǴδԽɳĮѵƬɫɳĮ֮£ҲһϹż
ģ
δȻһֻǰƬɳȻӿɢˣмȴǳһ׵Ѻۣ֪Ѻͨδ
ӦñͨһĽѺˡ
˵ţһɲǣѾܵѺһ˿˿ˣӦ֮ǰ˵ġʴ֮Ψġ֮Ϣܵ
ͨڶĽѺۡ
ǽѺۻ򿪣δ¶Ц⣬˵ӣʲôָҡ
˿֣δ֣ȡ˳һ㵭ɫ֮Ϣʱ˶˵ϡ
ˣǿߡ
δǽѺȥһѺ֮Уһʴ֮ʱʴ֮ϢֵȻΪٸߣҲȻᱻظʴ
֪˶ãڴ˽Ѻۣ˹ż֮صĵڶ㣬ڶ棬Ҫյö࣬˳˲ߣǱĹԶԶһǿࡣ
ҹĻѾƬ̣֮ǰҹЩڶҪ˵ҹﲻ·ߡ
á
δ˵ͷ˱ͽ˸ɽŵҹ֮ʱһȻ˽˸ƣʶС̽ȴκӰһŽʶջأСûˡ

δ΢΢ףֵ֮ǰ棬̫ʼŵˣΪʮָߣɱһɵˣ飬ӦҲˡ
֮⣬ûбˣϵ̫ʼŻɱˣҲûʲôֵġ
ˡ
δϸ룬˵вطȵˣ̫ʼŵҪɱ˲طȵˣƺǱһϢˣΣطһλΪߵˡ
ôһ˵ʱϴȥطȣǲطǸظ֣ҿж澳Ϊֹ澳ҲˣֻЩ鷳ˣΪλ˶ǰ
ȷż֮𣿡

δ˵ͷǰӦˣż֮ص֮ǰŴԣż֮һ㣬һƬڣ
ڣ
üһڣΪĹڣǱǽķĹжٽܸоЩԣΪ̫ʼŵ˶Ҫִõʲô


0567 
ҹɫɽ죬ɽ棬˱˴Ӳ
ϸ֮ǰһ·ܸоʮֹŹ֣Щһŵ棬ΪθǷ˷裬ħһΪ챦ҲӦˡ
δĬѲµ룬˵ǲ룬飬᲻һ֣
һԼ˿룬Ҳ죬˵ǡܹƳ˴һĿΪΣ
⡭
δϸ룬رΪǰȲ˵ĿΪΣҪһ֣±ǷֶͨĪܰ쵽ʱ벻¼䣬˭¡
˼Ƭ̺ΣСΪϡ

δ΢΢ͷֵ֮ǰǿˣҪһţ˲ȥ㣬ڵǽڣ챦֮ʱ򣬱Ȼкܶ˽ᡭ
á
ٶԣʱ˱ڶһ·ߵСĽ˶Ϣڲס⾪ŵЩߡ
Ҫǣ̫ʼΪߵĳѾڶбɣ֪ûʲôҲˡ
ʱ䣬һջƻ֮ʱһĹ棬ɱ˸ƣʶ̽ȥȴ漸ٸڱ˴ɱ˫Ѫ죬ƶ߻ħһ
ЩˡҲѾˡ
δҲʶ̽˽ȥֻǼٸˣ޲ΪʮָߵߣʱȴҲΪһ飬Ҫˣֺյ֮ꡣ
ĬԣΪǷĴڻδ֪챦Щ˾Ѿ˷ˣʵоʱһµĳԪŵأŨŨѪڸǳɡ
ʱ˿̣˲棬һʱֻԶȻ߰˵ӰϢʮǿĿȥȴ̫ʼŵˡ
Ϊ׵µߣһ׷ƮƮƣȥʮֲϣһڷȥࡣ
ꡭ
δ˸ƣˣ̫ʼŵˣΪߵĳϣȿΡ

ԣ뵽֮ǰɱ̫ʼߣ̫ʼŵ˱ȻҲŹˣ˫ѽ³ԹҲٹ˼ʲôˣȻ⼸ǡ
˿ĹѾɱãѪȾľʯԭ棬ֻʣ°˲Ǽ̫ʼŵ˽֮Ϊ˵㽫ɱˣ˹
顭
ʣǼʮ˾ɱۣҲܶԷ˭ʱ鱻Ƶĳ
֪֮
ǰ׷һЩ˳ϴŲм֮ɫһʱƱ䶯һɫӡ£һ»飬ȳʮҲ⣬»ΪһƬ촷ۣԪδ¡
˹ɱֶΣԭѾɱ۵ļʮˣʱ˹һ̾һټˡ
õЩ˲ᣬҪʦ߰ɡұߵĺڷ飬ɽЩһۣ˵

׷΢΢ףٶԣһˣһɽȥˡ
顭׷
ɽ棬Ǽʮѹһ׷׼ɽɽ׷ȥ
֮Уδ̫ʼһȥʣʵҪ׷ȥ𣿡

ԣչ׷ȥ
İѭϢһ·׷ٵһƬɽش˴ѾͨĽѺۺܽˣʱ̫ʼŵǼˣɽЪϢ
ҹɫʱסȫϢ˽ȥһƬ棬ֻ̫ʼǼ˾Уһϡ
紵Ҷ죬ϢؿʱֻǺڷߺȻڵλشʱѾ뽣ڣˣȹ˽Ҳ뾡ȥ

ǰ׷ߵͷԣʱһȻز쳣ʲôˣδ䣬һȥʱòľ׷ɡ
ľ׷ɵУȴһӰ˳ڷĿһۣҹĻδģΪʮ֮ߣ˲ҵģȵ飡
һ˵꣬Աʦַ˹ȥ˳ֱʮ䡱һԷײȴһе˺Ĺ


0568 ڣ
棬̫ʼŵļΧһǺ꣬˿ţ˸ˡ
ʱȻһ㣬Ǻһ𣺡ס
Ȼ˵ʱѾˣֻһ˵Ц𣺡ﲻ֪ǿͣһ̰
Ż䣬һƵ뼸˿ڱ֮УǼʱһϴ⸡ΪϸߵĺҲ˻
ǡ
δ뵭һЦԻγǺֵ飬ҡ
ɡӡ
Ǻʶģһ̾ϵӣ˵ССһ飬ΪԷȥҲĸԸˣ̹ԹԽ齻˳
á鱻Ůˣ
߷ӦҪȥ飬һȴ˺ХϾԹˣֻתȥһøľƬƬ¡
ӣõˡߣ
δ뽫Ҳ߾һƽ֮󣬱뻨δʧӰ
ʦ֡׷
Ǻڷ߶ȻӦҪȥ׷Ա߰׷ȴһ½סˣʦ
ôˣ
Ǻڷתɻ֮ɫ׷һ˼˵ո˾ǵ֮ʹЩŵĹȴֲͬĪǡ
ŴԣǺڷҲȻ뵽ʲô΢΢һѿڶ֣һ
ɷˡ
׷ɫȻһѿ˵Ļ˵ʲôҲҪȥһ뵽һв˼ֹ˼ɡ
ô죿
ڷߴʱȥƺЩ׷ҡҡͷ취´Ѷλ˵
Ȼʱ֮ǰ˲һģȴѾ֪˵飬׷߿ɲ룬ҲóȻȥ̯ôһ鷳

˵ͻδ룬˴ʱѾݳǧ֮⣬Ϊõ飬˿̻δѾһ㵭֮ϢϢ޷ڲأɢȥߡ
ȥǰ档
ǰɽȣȥѰһɽϥ£˹Ϣ
δӸղɫЩãüʵˣ
ް
һ˹һ߻˵ţˮɵĽˣܹ׻ָģǧҲĹˡ
֮ǰǣƣδȫָո߶˼УȻǣơ
δ˼ݣԼһ·δˣϵˣԼֿʱܵġ
ҿ
˹ȥһ֪ؿڣ˵òǳüͷһ壺˵֮أҲ˵
һ˵ţһ߳ǰ½󣬵һֲ˺̲ס΢΢һǡ
˶ѣްü΢ÿ֣½ˡ
һɲǣδȻһ˿⣺˵㡭湻ĵģһҪˣƫһЩǡ
˵˴һҶ㱨𡣡
ʱ˵ЦŪǧΪҲСӣδ֣˵ù𣿡
δ˭˵һҪˡ
ҡҡͷ㲻Ҫȥ㣬Ȼɱ㡣
ߡ
δһߣһ˿⣬ģٴοʱһ˿⣬֪ʱֻ顭
вһ֣ΪθոտϵĽˣԼʹΪһ˲䣬ŶҪһ֮ѵŶ̶ЩգԼô
ôܣϾŵˣڻʦʦãԼȴǡ
ˣΪڰٻؾ棬˵ԼҪ뿪棬ֻܹţֻŲẦԼΪʲôԼЩʲô
̧ͷ˿Լʵôˣ

δŻعæԱһתһĲֱͨͨҲЩ΢΢ȣȴ룬֣ԼոЩʲôء
ʱɫŹ֣ĪЩˣ벻𡭡Ҳˡ
ڶգ˱ż֮صĵȥڣڵֻѲ⡣
ֱĺɫٵʱ˲ż֮صĵ㣬һܲʮ쳣ʱƷӿʱʱϼƲ
Ȼˡ
δԶϼһɲǣָӦһԺԶĵطǵطҲѰӦǽڣˡ


0569 ֮
˿̱ĿӦվһԲȥţһʱʵǸӦʲôط
ԼԼںԶĵطҴܹ巽߰ɡ
δһ˵ţһҪǰȥȴȻסˣȵȣһʱ˴δ֪ҹﲻ˸·
Ҳá
δ룬ͣ˿ڣǹż֮յĵطһЩֲޣбߣҹ·ҸطĶԲߡ
ҹĻȻ֣ɽ֮Уɽһ֮һֹ֮ʿ֣ⱻһЩϮ
ԼһɫѾȫһмɽϱǾڣ±Ԩʮء
һֱҹʱ֣˲뽣ڣĶԲߣǵʱȽʮмµ飬ڣǽڣѾߣߣҲԴԴϵظ
һĻʹܹ뽣ڣʹõرҪǰߣûпܡ
δ˵̫ʼϵΪʮָߣ׼澳ĸˣ֣δ֣ǣԲܹǿ
ĬȻ뵱ħڣʮָħصʮ꣬ԷһĻԵʮ꣬񣬹ĻԵܹһΣܹ
һʱΪЩνĻܱȣŵ˵ɹ֮ЩǰֱЩʮе졣
ֻϧĻԵǿģ֮ͬǰڷݳǣؤԷ̻һŽ
˽Ŀǰֻ򵽵һʽ˽һҲͬСˣպȻŴôҲǲɶõĻԵ
ˣδ˿̳Ĭʵ
޴󰭡
ҡҡͷŵݳǣǰԼŽĿǰֻˡ˽˽ԪΪ֪ܷó
֮ǰħڣ׹ǳǴǴϴڲطһΣδػЧҲ׶ˣ֮⣬ǾͻʣһǵȥDҷɣ֮;Уҵġ㡱
뵽˴нǽȡ˳ֻ淺һ㵭ĳɫâֻϸ֮£ܿ鲼Ѻۡ
Ϲ޴ֻϧ֪Ϊ˲٣ٷԭ֮ǰֽΣʹ𻵵øأȻѰ칤ɽҲٽ޸ˡ
ʲô
δؿ˿óĹצӣȻʶ㣬Ҳδ֮ǳķɽȴкܹ˱צ
ǽ㡭
˵Ժֻ˵ȥ½Ѱٷɣ֣֮ûн㣬ǴҲϮɱӡ
㡭
δؿǰ˵˵㣬Īǽڵĵֻ㣿е˼

˵ͷǲǽڵĵֻ㣬Ҳ֪ȻϹˣ˵Ϲã޴ֻõʱ򣬾ѾˣڻһΣžͻȫˡ
δȥ㽫ϡ
ң
δһ£ȻǿҪ֮ȴҲΣʱ̵ľ֮ȥ˽ڣ󣬶Σգʱ㽻ԼǰĻԼ
㶣ݵ˵޴õʱСһЩҪ˵Լ
ǡ
δͷĽ㣬ŤŤ֮ˣʱȴ֪ΪΣΪѣ̧ͷѽңԼأ
ģҪɱңҲûôס
˵ţ˵ʲôֵһǱȥڣ
ãðɡ
δȴ룬Ȼ˵ô棬ֻŲẦԼΪλԼʧȥʲô䰡ΪʲôһҲ벻ˣ֮䣬ʲô

ڶ峿˱ڣȥȵǸʱǵ磬˲̫¶μΪǽڣв֮ʿ̫ʼΪߵĳϣбظ֣Ҳڸ
ҸӦˡ
˴˿̲һʯ棬δɫأ˵棬Ҳ֪ʲôܹӦõ˷ǷһϢġϢ
Ϣ
ôһ˵׹ô£ֲôӸոһ֮󣬾ĪеһѹϢԭǽڣһɵ֮
ʲôһ˳ĵ֮


0570 ϹŽ
˱˴˶˼ǽڣģʲôһǿ
ʱԶǽڣȻһҵ𵴣عǱȥֻԭգȻһºƷ
ĩһ㣬ޱߺ̼ڣֻǽڣ棬ȻӰ߿УǲϷɷɷ
ǡ
δĿ΢΢һ˾󣬿νҲֻʮĹŹ֮زܿĽӰƣ棬ֻȻ󲨣
ϹŽꡭ
üν꣬һЩȽԵĽĽö֮㹻ǿ󣬾ǧֿ֮޳ǿĽ飬֮ˡ
ȻҲеĽʮǿ󣬵ȴԭ޷޳ɽ飬Ҳʲô£еĽͣеĽԲбеĽ壬еĽаеĽɱ弫أеĽ겻ϲɱ¾
ʱʵû뵽ﾹȻ˶ϹŽֲ꣬ñ֮ΪڣǽķĹꡣ
ֻЩΪλڴ˴ƺǱʲôţ޷ȥ־ʲôܹϹŽꣿ
ɷɷɷɷɷɷ
ֻкƷݣĽǺȻϷɷɷ֮һɼصɷҲɢе
˹ˡ
δӦʮһɲǣȻӦԶϢʶҲһ˲䣬ԶǿϢ
̽ȫϢסֻǰߣȻʮӰЩ˲̫ʼŵˣ֪ԪЩɵˣһЩķɢˣǵϢǿΪʮָߣԶЩ֮ʿɱȡ
Ľֳˡ죡ȥң
ֻʮ˺Ȼ֮зȥǵĺȻ룬һ±øӱˣʼЩ뽣ڣĲ֮͡
Щ棬еʮģ
ʮ˵Ϊͣʱȴ쳣СȻΪٸߣЩϹŽ꣬вΪĵı³֮ǰвģЩϹŽɣԴ˿̣û˸ٴ⡣
һҪҵɫĽꡭ죡
ʮ˶Ѹ٣˵֮࣬һ㻤ԪЩϹŽĹ
ûãԶȻʮӰ˹ʮͬΪԭȵʮ˼˿ΪһΪߵվ˳ǱԼһ㣬˵ԶʮλѣǷֵĽҪѰ콣꣬ȥ𴦰ɡ
˫ʵ಻󣬴˿̶ͻǺʮҲû˵ʲôһȥˡ
˹˴һʱ䣬췭ݵĺڽɢȥˣϹŽ꣬Ҳص˽ڣ棬ΧһƬ·ʲôҲûзһ

𽥻ָĽڣΪ̾ʧ֮飬Ȼղһʱ棬ǲûҵԼҪĶ
ʱ˹ĸֱѪǱղЩˡ
˫ü΢ǿȥΣ
޷ɷ֮ѾƳûд󰭡
һµӵͷ˵źҲٶԣ΢΢˵ͷȥһɣñȰ콣ҵǾȥ˽ڣˡ
һʮߵӰ֮ͻδŴӴʯ߳Щȥķ򣬻δɻһǺʲô
콣ꡣ
˵ոǴǸ߿ģЩʲôɫĽ꣬콣ꡣ
콣ꡭ
δ΢һ˼һɲ뵽ʲô˫ύǰ۾ϸȥӦǽڣ˴ԼСʱ䣬˵֪ˣ֪ΪʲôҪ콣ˡ
ΪΣ
֪ʱָӦʲôδתЩˣǽȥڣҸոոӦǽڣ棬һ㼫صĽɷ֮ûκܹԽȥǿдԽȻᱻɷ֮ģ
˵֮Ҳˣ˵콣꣬ɱǲܽɷ֮ʴô

δ˵ͷûǼĶȻڽڣ棬ϧЩȴֻ濴Žȥ̫ʼŵˣҲûа취ȥˡ
΢΢Ŀ⣺˵ֻҪҵ콣ܹ꣬뽣ڣˡ

δٴε˵ͷ˵ҪȻȽȥ
ʱȵȵȡ
ҡҡ̧֣ͷ죬ֻɫ˵ЩϹŽ꼫ҹ｣ڣȻΣգڿˣǲҪðգٽȥ


0571 ɷ֮
δ룬֮ͷá
˾һطЪϢȵ֮ʱǽڣȥ
뽣ڣ̱֮ܵһɽɷֻ֮Ľɷ֮ԶʮᣬֻԪ壬㲻ʴ
Խߣɽɷ֮ԽأԼһʱĿԶֻطо޴ʯֻЩʯǶϵĶϣеĲУʮ־Զ
ЩǴӹʱô
Ƭޱ޾ʯ֣δϲ¶΢΢ɫЩʯκιâȴܹõңԶĹŴЩʯܹ֮ն
ȻٻԻޣûʱãã棬ޱ޾ǧ֮ǰѹڳ
ǰƬѾʧȥԵʯ֣ижɱܳϣ㲻Ķ
δһЦǰִԣͷŷ֣׷һУԭֻǾˮ¡
˵˵ţǰǹɽɷ֮ѾʮŨˣǶ˾Ѱ֮ˣ֧ŲסѰߣȻЩΪߣ˵֮καҲȻ̣Ժ
ǰ߳ʮܹһŨŨĺˣĽɷ֮ʮأصγɺĵز֪У޽걣Ƭ̣ᱻɽɷ֮ʴͷʣ
ȵȡ
ȻͣǰһƬޱ޾ĺҡҡֵǲټǰˡ
뵽ȥħڣħڣħ֮Ϣ壬£ȴһŨŨĽɷ֮赲ˡ
۶ǧаɷѰ֮ˣΪٸߣûн걣Ҳܽȥ
δӣֻҵ콣꣬ܽˡ
֮ǰ˽һ·ҲϹŽ꣬δȥѰǺɫ콣꣬ڿҲֻͬһȥ굱Ѱ콣ˡ
磬ѾһطֻƷӿϹŽ־۵Ǻ֮Уɷɷ֮ϣʮֲֿ
ģ
ȻʮһХʱʮ˻ȥ
˿̻δɫЩ԰ף˹ȥסĹʵҲĻˣ˴ֶ̫࣬壬˾
δ˲亹Ҫ굱Ѱɫ콣꣬ȷʵΪǲҵ콣꣬βܹ뽣ڣ棬õ
ԥ֮ʣֻĽȻӿɢˣм侹һɫĽӰ߶
ǡ
δ˫Ŀһ콣꣡
ãûҵ콣꣬û뵽ʱһ콣Ƕֻϸ֮£ǵ콣棬ƺŲӰԭ׷콣
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡭡ü
δɲܺЩжȻ콣͵ǰˣǾͲܷŹ
䣬ֻһ¼ɻɡɡܣɻ֣ɡʮķǷˣκζܸɡУֺξһ콣ꡣ
գ
ֻδ˫ֽӡһաּǷɻɡʱתݣһ⳯콣ֳ˲Ϣ㽫ɡС
ӡߣ
ɡٻ֮󣬻δԥȻȥ֮ʱǺȴ˲׷˿У׷õ콣꣬÷ˡ
ŰˣΪԲͣҲ֪ǷѾϳˣֻһ̤ǰλ÷յĽ꣬ҵѰãѰǹ֮ܹ黹
δ뵭һЦ⽣Ҳδдλ֣黹һ˵λ֮Ƿ⽣꣬ΪҪߣ
㡭
ٶ⻰֮󣬲˾һŭҵȺòײҵĽ꣬ȴڴ˸˸ֳɣѵù黹
һµ˳ȥ˵Сˮˮģ׼֮أСѾͷĵط콫黹Ȼȥգ
δ뵭һЦ˿ûй黹˼˲ͷˣһµİ׺ͷվ˳ٲѽ꽻ձʬ˴
ʲôǣ
мվ˳ƺҪǿˣȻȴʱһɺ˲Ϯͷǰʱע⵽Զиӡ
Ҫһԡ
䣬˵ʱöѪ룬ΪѪһУŽӽ澳ΪĻã


0572 콣
˺⣬ͷ̲סһӾʲôˣ俴ȥ󣬵Ϊξ˴һѹ
һأһٶ˲ˣֻǰǰվ˳֪λСѣγƺ
ա
֣ʦȡüҲˣ˿ȴ˵գδǰЩ֪֡
ǰ߼͸¶΢΢˵ͷ˵ãոλߵ콣꣬ȷʵҵ˺òײѰٵ㽲λӦҲù黹ɣ
ߣҪǿǿߣҪǡɵ硣
㣡
ʱԼٶ棬ʱʮ˲Ȼһŭ
˵ſɲƻδֻǸСǿɺּΪɲ⣬˼ɵ֮ģ뽲ʲô
СӣҵҪͲ󣬱ȴж󣡡
ֻһµһȣ˫һ𣬾ɰ˷Ԫʱһ磬һ³ȥ
ƣȴָǰһͣݡһһöѪ˲ɳһɲ֮ʣһ÷߿˲ԣʦܣ
ȻȴƲǿԪһ˲ȥзһָһǻѪȥ顱һǱֱһ飬겻ȥ
ɫЩ԰ףأ񵭵Ϣȴ˿δҡ
вһ˾Ĺոطɱ֮أУϡ
ߣȥ
֪ǰ˾Ѱ֮˼Ҳδ֣󣬵ϣЩ棬ѳΪ˿µˣŵǧѣ󱲵л˭ܹһߵͣ
Ǻİٶ˼ոճʱǲˣΪԼ֮ϣǺ֮£ӷһܿó콣꣬ǲûˡ
ǣҪǾ콣깰ãһ׵£⽣ڣ棬ǽףΪԼߵˣʱҲҪһս
˿̣һٶ棬¶ɱδЩҪƴһ΢΢һȴأԴݲȣЦǽ콣ǣһٶˣѵܹ֤ȫ𣿡
⣬Ͳعˡ
ɫ˵֮ԶȻϢ˱ѹ֡
ʲô˹ˣ
ǰЩ˾һ̧ͷȥֻԶʣһһգ۱ѷ
δЩ˳Զֲ֪ʲô֮ˣ˵ʵ˾ȥһӣߣ
֮ʱȻһɿ糯ֻһ𣺡꽻
δ붸Ȼһ̫ʼˣ
Ӱ˲Ϣ֪߲ˣתһƴһɿɢȥʱǰǰٶѪӿֹæ˹ס漴Զȥˡ
ֻӰɫ̫ʼŵ³Ϻ³ϣ˵Ϊžǽӽ澳
Ŷ˵ĵԭһٶǱһǿϢסˣͬոսᵤ֮ˣѾ޳ԪӤһϢ£ǿ޷ˡ
˿Ŀһɲϣʱ˶ӣĪеѹǶ澳ߵĿ˻δ̤һ磬Ʊ˱ˣһ澳ĸ֡
̫ʼ˼Լӣɫȴ˿ңǴ˿ܹ뵽ģҲֻһˡ
֮ͽȻеʶ³Ŀ˵š
Զһԭһһ̶еĪһֲøղŴ˸ѹ˵⵱ϣ˭˱£ѹ֣ѹ֡
ʱһڵԼݣҲٶˣһѶһѳ溮â⽣Ƿ֮Ԫ۵Ľ
ѳеɱҲԽԽŨұߵ³ϳȻɱ֮ˣ㣬Ҳýյ׼ˡ
Ŵһǰǰٶ˸һٴȥĿﶼžɫԭɱ̫ʼŵˣֲǰ̫ʼŵĳɱڡ
˵棬ĳҲ뿴λӽ澳Ϊطλ˶١
ΪߵˣȴȻ˿һ仰ԶЩ΢΢һ׷ȥѵ֮УطȵλҲô


0573 
̫ʼһҲٶԣ³һƣܶʱӿɳ֮Уֻ³ϣƻһ⣬Ȼ
ԷƳͣҲԥʹ֮һɲǸڳ֮ϣâҫۣһն֮󣬽ʱ⡣
ֻ䡱һ˫ײɽʯԱ黯Ϊһɲǣֻеһųֱ۾鲻ѣ˫ҲܿƵȥ
ӡ
δȻһû뵽³ϵΪ˿ֲһ˲ɹȥסַʵΣ
ް
һﲻϷХ֮ԭҵķľһƽϢٴת˿ȥһҲûС
Զ³Ŀ΢΢һں濴ʦһӹɣѰ֮ˣشСӲһŹӲҹܿʹƽŵĹ𣿹Ȼ
ߣ
³һߣԪһۣʱ֣˷ӿףֱȥƿֲ׷ѰԴһ£̾ͻҷ
ۼϮδһɻɡ˲һɲǷŴתڶͷϷǲףֵ档
ķ
Զս֮˾һȷ׶ֵܹԼǱɵֵһ
һͻδڷɻɡ֮£ȴ˿δ³ϸɫˣһбСС󱲣ȴû뵽˾˲׶Ը
Ȼ֮䣬ֻһɣ϶ʱһ⣬ϢһǿϵɱҲࡣ
ÿ
ۼԷɱϮһƽδͳһٳ³ϵȥ˲һ֮ʱҫ۶Ŀһ³ϵײǱòֹҲȻеһ飬ٴ˻ȥ
δ״һ˲ǰסϸУΪ̫ߣлĶ֡
ССӣվǻҷ𣡡
³ɫֲȻ֮䣬һ·Ŵ࣬һȣأ
ӽ澳ͨһ˲ʩչʱƾ䣬ʧɫֻһӰķԶ޵ľ޿ڣһ³ͻδȥ
رԶЩս֮ʿҲеͷһأĺӰ˾е˫ȷǽӽ澳ʵ̫ˡ
ӿﾡǺӰУۼǺӰѾһɲǣΨضʹľüĺȻһɫӡ⾳һɲǱ˳
һϢ÷Բʮ˽ԸеĪһ֪ΪΣкȻһֻŲ·Ҳֹͣˡ
ϺӰһ˲䱻ɢͬ³ڣһ˲䣬Ҳܷһ㣬еؿһơ
˽Բ֪ô£ΨǺ³ϣһ˲ܵˣһɼǿ
ʱвɵ΢΢һٴοĿﶼЩŵɫֲСΪԶʤˣԭһּǿ⾳ɸոǾʲô⾳ҲĪеϢ
СӣСˡ
ֻ³ɫԸһδ˷ʱɱȻֻһâԷȥ
һΣǷӿֹ֪ҲûֵܹסˣΨԵݳ⡭ؤڵĽһԣ
˼ˣٲԥǰнĬ˲ָԪǽһѽʱҫ۶ĿܣҲȻһǿĽ
ǡ
Զ³˫Ŀһܵ˿ǹɽɫȻ䣬ʦܡģ
ȻȴѾˣ³ϼ¶Է˿˿ûзԷĽУҲС˶ԷûԷĽУӦʱһѴû뵽һ֮
ֻ͡һʱѪĽһ̳³ϵĲһضȴδʧڽ֮£ֻ³شѪ󵹷˳ȥ
һĻֻԶЩ֮ʿĿɿڴ̫ʼΪΣΪθոգ³ϾһһشˣǽȥŵĽʲô˿ֲ


0574 ڣ
ʦܣ
³ɫһ䣬˲³ϽסָһżѨס
ߣóŽĵһʽ˽ܴ˽ԤϣͻȻ֮ԪҲǳͬһˣͻȻ֮ʧȥѪǻվ
˿ɫ԰ףʱڣѶһнʽˣδٽסڶһԪݽߴķɡ
ʦ֡죬ɱɱ
³ɫҰףѪӿոһʵû뵽˿ֲȻ뵽ˣΣѲɱܵһ
³ϴ˿ɫֲȻһ̧ʱƷӿǺ֮УȻһǧӰһ³ͻδץȥ
Զ˽һϣǽӽ澳Ĵ֣ͨһأ˿ӵõˣ
ǧһ֮ʣֻδȻȡһȴ֮ǰĽ㡣
㻹ܹʹһΣδһ˲עһɲǣǱùâҫۣȼһɲǵĹԣ
ǡʲô
һ˲䣬Զ֮ʿԸܵһϹһʱܹԸܵһɿֲ
δֳֽ㣬һ¶³ϴȥֻ棬һֻʱûǧɣһɻ֮͵س³Ϸȥ
³û뵽ԷȻ֣ǰʩչͨʱȻˣȴȻδһ³ȥ
¡
ֻһ죬Բʮʱһ쳾³ϱУʱһѪ˲ܿ浹˳ȥ³ǰܴʱ³ϵǰ棬Ҳϼˣ
Զ˽Ѿ⵽ʲôȻ˿ֲ
ֻδĽ㣬Ȼ鲼Ѻۣȫʧȥ˹󣬹Ȼʹһ֮󣬽ȫˣҲԷӳκ
ʱԶȻдƬӰ߷˹ȻǱոյĴġ
ϣ
ȷɹļʮˣ̫ʼŵˣмΪҲͣû뵽λ֮ǰ׷콣꣬߶ôһʱȻ˫˫صˣܹλ˵֮أ
졭ˣ
³ؿڣԪסֻ˫۲Ѫ˿һɱո壬±һ֮ˣʦܣ³ϼˣʱڣǲ׻ָˡ
ʮ˰뻨δˣʱɷ˵ȫȥղʩչŽԪģʱô˶ҲˣΨߣô˾
ߣ
Ҳ룬³Ϻ³ϻδָŻδ룬ɲһչԶȥˡ
ȥ׷ߣ
³Ŀѣһȣߵȫ׷ȥԶ֪ʱֺȻˣЩ˾ȻҲͻδ׷ȥ
콣׷
֮ǰһٶҲ׷ȥ̫ʼΪߵĳѾˣǶԣѾûжвˣô콣꣬ͱ
ܸոһսԶҲľתһ룬ոһɫ԰ףԪ𣬶ʱڣҲܶĽˣŮеķƺҲʧȥԣȻˣǻкξ壿
һ֮ԭЩĴɵˣ˿Ҳ˼ɣ׷׳ͻδ׷ȥ
˵ͻδ룬һ·ŽڣȥΪ֮ǰԸ̫ʼϣ˽ǹģȴٸ׷ɱȥֻὫ⸽ȫ
һֱӵƻ轵٣ǺļٸǷ˷һ׷ᣬΪ콣꣬Ϊܹ뽣ڣ棬Щ׷ɱߣҪˡ
ۼǰ·ӣδͣɫ΢΢Ų԰ףܿ˵ӣǲȥˣǰߵĽɷ֮أֻС
δ˵꣬ǺһƬӰ׷ңңȥѾֹٸˣ飬ߣȿֺ߶
ˣô׷ˡ
δЩ΢΢ż˿Ǵ䲻ֻԣܷˡ
ҲٶԣȻȫ˫һͻδΧʮɷһԪ磬ܹʱסЩߵĽ
δҲԥ̴ӷɻɡｫ콣˳Խշ걣뽣ڣ档
һʼ콣껹ʮֱ꣬вǽҲȶ
ҲѾ׷ۼҪշ˹µһ磬ЩһʱҪƽ磬Ҳһ


0575 Ŷ
ԽԽ࣬ЩԵҲǰһĻ˾һ˾ǵŵǸͽôΨһͽܡ˿̾ƾһֵ֮˶ˣȻ
콣죡
Ⱥ﹥ԽԽͣвٺҲ˽еЩδ뿴ȥҪã
ϡˣٳһ
δһ˵ţһ콣갲ܺȻҵΪЩ˹Ԫ磬ϸӦ֮󣬲ŷ𵴣ڵص
ô£
˴˿ҲһԽԽͣģϲһ׵ѺۣԶЩɽҲѿˣʯ
ˡ֮뽣ڣ棡
ˣһη˹ҲԽԽңһԪ֧ŲסˣѺۣʱ˹֮±
飡
ֻһ죬ԪķˣҲһ̣δڽ콣շһ˲֣ǽڣĽɷ֮ȥ
ߣ
̫ʼżߣʮи˲ϢȻתȫһɲʩչ˳ȥǿֲ֮ʱֱʮֶȥ
ģ
һ߸ܵĿ£˲⼸λʦֺ磬һƬֵȻȺɢ֮ʱȴѲͻδӰ
ոǡ
Զ֮ʿҲ¶΢΢ɫܷԶȴܹܵõǺ̲صһ˲ܶǵ
ʦ𡭡ܽȥˣô죿
̫ʼ棬ʮӷΪ׵ļǰһƬڵĽɷ֮أԾδòŵû콣꣬ӲȥȻᱻЩɷ֮ʴ
ô죿
ʮ˶üڲܽ뽣ڣ棬ѵ˰Ķõô
š
ʱһµ˹ǰƬޱ޼ʵĺ򣬻˵ղŵ𶯣˴仯ǿЩɷ֮صȥ
֮ڵ漴ĿȥȻԭֽڣɢĽɷ֮һһصȥգЩɷ֮ɢʱȻܹͨؽˡ
ڶλδָ÷źЩˡ
ѹʵû뵽ʮ֣˲˳λҲˣ֪ˣҲҪжһЩˡ

ʱǺȺȻһЦֻ֮һ۵վ˳ǰǼʮ̫ʼŵ˴Ц̫ʼνѾ˼㾡ȴ˼£
˵ʲô
̫ʼߣмŭӹȥǺ겻巴Ц˵ʲô֪ǻһ£֪ղŽȥǸˣǴģɱǵΣ׽ס𣿡
㣡
Ŵԣ̫ʼߣʮ˲ȻһŭԷִʲôһ̧ȥ˺ߣŶǺ꣺λѣʲô˵ǣ벻ΪΣǸղĪûпҲδܴ콣ô
ڻ֮ʱԶʺȻӿһǿϢ˾һ̧ͷȥֻǻ֮£һ⼫ٶٿȻ
һ⣬˲仯һīɫ۵İߣ߿ȥɷǣһѷԪ֣ܵĽɷ֮޷ΪѾ鶴澳˰ɣ
߾еһϣĪҲ̫ʼŵˣ澳ľô
Ǵϡ
̫ʼŵҲû뵽ԭΪֻжϺĳʮ֣û뵽ϾȻҲˣ
Ǽ߸һæǰɫЩֲֵ̿ϡ

īɫĿȺһɨЩ˵ʱǱһ㣬һһ˲䣬Ҳٶһˡ
ղţҺ˵̫ʼţţô
ī䣬˵ʱĿһ㣬ǰǺϡ
ǺʱֻеһϣڶԷϢѹ֮£ǶҲٶһˣ˿ֲϢѵǶ澳ĸ֡
ʱֻīУȻ⣬ǺʱһѪ³ȥ۶ڱѪ
һ߼æס̫ʼŵīߣ˵ʦֻ޼ɣΪԶҵ֮ϣҵһʶɣ
ī䵭̫ʼΣֲλۣ㡣һ˵꣬һһɿȥʱ˺һϡ
˼Ϊ֪˵ز˾Ҳ˵ʲô׷Զȥ
ߵòʱǰ߲ߵīǰС˵ϣ֮ǰ
˵ˣѾ֪ˣʦܺʦܣǻ̫ˡ
īһ̧䣬ǽɷֵ֮ţһô
䣬ٴСոѾȥˣ˴ɷ̫֮أҵΪ̫ͣ޷ƿа취ô
īޱ޼ʵĽɷ֮Ĭһŵ鶴֮ǲѴܻ֮ȥ˵ؽɷֻǽôæвһ
Ŵԣ΢΢һԭϻδ붴֮ôòŵǡֻܵˣĽɷ֮ɢ
ģȻҵҲġīŽڣ˵

˿̣ڽڣ棬ֻ㽣ɷ֣֮ŨصĽɷ֮Ȼʴ˵ȫڻδ콣걣ǲ㽣ɷֵ֮⣬ʴ
ֻԽߣһɹϢԽأҲʼٴԽԽͣ˾ǿҪվˡ
ġ
һ죬ٽδסȻһͻ𵴣ȴվ֮ͻȻȥһ˺޷޵׹Ŷ׹ȥ֪棬ȴŶ˵ʲô


0576 Ԩŵ
˲֪׹˶ãһƬڰûеһֽŻδ룬Ԫһһ⻪ܿΧ
ԭǹŶ棬һ޵ԨһϹʱʧ磬滨ݡ
ֱʱһȥԻ˵׹֮ơ
Χ߻ްΨһĹһЩֲһصԨżʵ𺳡
ǡ
ŸһƬ谵ǻܹܵЩ˼δ뻹ΪԼֻصĽ硣
֪һЩ
ܣС䱸ţղŶ׹ڲδˣֻȴȫ֪ո׹ôòŵҪȥЩˡ
ǲ׷ɣ
δȥ֮ǰ׹ʱܵǺһǿϢӣǽڣŲ㽣ɷ֣֮˼գЩҲܹˡ
ʱڣ²صġȣȿȣ
˵ţȻɫһףȻǣƣδ뼱æһַ𣿡
ް
ƽһϢһˮɵˣӶǣسҵ溣ʱڣҲòˡ
ǰȥ
ǰ֮һۣȥϵƣƬ̣ǰԼԼһŵ˵ͣǹŵ֮һɵϢδ벻һĪǹʱһλĹ
ǷһλŴĹ޷֪˿һɵϢ֪ΪΣһɲǣЩϤ֮С
һɵµϢȴĹ¶ȡһָӵĸоΪξϤ
ӡôˣ
δͻȻ񣬿ʵ
û¡
عԶֵĹŵ˵棬ҽյԨҲǻԵߣȥ

δ˵ͷҲٶԣ̸ǹŵȥ
ǹŵƾǰԶãڽŵ֮ʱ֮ǰһɵµϢŨˡ
ֻһɵϢᱻⰵյԨףȥˣǧ꣬ꣿꡭ
Ҫȥ𣿡
δǹŵ棬ü˵
˵ĵӣҲǼˣѰ֮һطȻǵϢ壬ҲóȻ̸档
ȻᵱһЩҪ̫Զ
һ˵ţһСǹŵȥδ΢΢ͷٶԣСĽظԣɻɡѼڶ˵ߡ
˿ҪŵſʱȻ֮䣬֪ӺδĺӰͻȻϮ˹˽أ
ɷɷɷ
Ӱɷأǵͳÿ£˲ϢѹǰԪһ𣬵סӰĹƣ漴Żδ룬һԾ뿪ӰĹΧ
ǡ
δĿһֻӰģǹʱĴ󽫾ֻѳΪĻ꣬Ҳ֪غڴ˴ˡ
ҽأ˱ֻĻֲ䣬ֻ۾âʢһ³˹˹
˲֮ʮֲ׶ԸչΣ˲һѳһһֻĻնȥȻնĻϣ˿ҲûС
ˡ𣡡
ĻתһƳ£һƣ˲ڰγһɫӡҪ˻ڤ֮һ޿ɱܣ
ģ
δһ죬ɻɡ˲˹ȥ顱һһƣһֻĻ꣬ȴһ³ȥһ˲ɹȥԶ
䵽棬ǹŵǰֻĻ꣬Ͼ΢΢ɫǿĻ꣬ѰֶΣһҲûС
ġֹˣ
˻δЪֻĻת˲ֹһεĹƸͣɫӡϣ⸽һУľʯļ֮С
˿¹ƣƫƫͻδ˵Ĺûãֻһ·ܣֻĻ·ԽԽǿˡ
ˡ
ͻȻ䣬ֻĻӰŴԶž޻һ£δǿУֻκιֶζá

Ŀ΢΢һ겻Ļ飬ȻǵӴڸĽҲûа취ĹֶЧǲԲ
˼ˣٲԥһ˲ԾУһ죬֮˲䷭ӿ˳ȥһ±㽫ֻĻС
ջع顭ļš
֮һֻ֣ĻȻͣһͳȻɢ
ֻĻɢָֽ֮ƽص棬ϵһš
δվں棬ղһĻʱΧЩѾήĲľɻһϡһ


0577 ۹
ϡһ
δ뿴ղŲӦϣصһΪμ䣬Ҳģģġ
û¡
˿뵱ɱžΪڵɣȥɽҶӣȴʲôҲǵˡ
߰ɡ
תԶѾõĹŵ˵ӦѾûʲô谭ˣǽȥ
δЩ֣˵Ҳٶˣ˱ǹŵȥ
ǹŵ̸ܵһɵ֮һϢΪϢ
СǰУԽǰߣϢԽŨأȻǳڴǧ֮ѾԽԽˡ
벻һ޴ĹŵòᡭĽڣɣ񽣵ĵطǣ˭ֻὫڴ˴
δһС˵ţһӦŸܸоЩ֣ʮֵһطʵ̫ˡ
һ˹ŵ룬ķѾãӲݴȥ쳣Ļǹɵ֮ȻǴﴫġ
ӡ㿴
δȻɫһָƬʯѣֻʯȻһѽǽϣǳǣ⽣ģˣɵ֮Ǵǰѽ͸ġ
ǡ
ĿһۣҲƲ⽣沼˻ҳҲѿıģ
ȵȡСһЩ
һ˵ţһ˹ȥٽ֮ʱһһɾȥǽϵĳɨȥˡ
ֻ⽣Ϊӣ֪Ǻβ죬ȥƣ⽣Ϊξһɵ֮
ӣ̫ʼǧټҪҵģѽˣڴ˵ǧ꣬գɽȴȻδ𣬵֮棬ȻǱѰ
δһ˵ţһڽ֮ϣҪȻҲ⽣ֺ˺üΣ˹⽣ʼڵϣ˿Ԩ

δ벻˫üһ壬ȻвʣһȻǹŽ˿
ʱһȻ𣺡СѾͷÿɣ۹£˵ñġ
ҹ
תȥȴҹ֪ʱӷˣʱ˫һ˵įɣ
Ȼǣ۹µϢ
ҹŽǰ棬һɲǣһ˿įɣ֮ˣϹŻ飬һһεؿ䷱˥䣬ոգǸܵ˽Ϣġ
۹¡
ãֲŻҹ³ֻ֣һ̣ȴǳĲɣܹᣬʱ顣
ȵȡ˭
δ뿴ǰͻȻֵ֪꣬ΪΣֻеһ˵Ϥ֮У·ʶȴʲô벻ˡ
СѾͷ㲻ǵᣬ㲻ǵˡ
ҹ˵ţĿʼǰĹŽϣƿֺ
վԱߣŴԣȴͻȻɻδǲǵ֮ˣʱɱžҹҲʶҹˣʱҹ仰ָδ˼ǰ飬ָĺܾǰ
ʦ˵ҹڷг˯꣬ѵǰδδѾٶˣôܡ
ιӣʲôδȻŹ֣üʵ
ûûʲô
ҡҡͷڻδʵʱȴȥЩʱʵҹղ˵˽Ϊ۹¡
ǰ鶼ˡ
δҲعͷҹȥ˵۹¡ǰ֣˽Ǻ
ҹһ˫ǰҲ޷۹£̫ģһѽԻ۹¡

üһû뵽⽣˴ֲһɵ֮˽һǧ򽣡
ҹذʮ鳤֮ԴΪһʹ٣ֱȻѾ޲ӵܹ֮סһ
˵˴ͣһѾֱַ˵ʱ֧һԻʮشȻ֮£ڴŭû䣬ֱټѾϸʱˡ
壬ϸʱ
Ŀһ˵ħڣʮָħ˵Ϲңʮ˿ҹ˵ȫǺϣϸѾʱȻ˲顣
Ȼ䣬ǴںϣһĻĻħӰɴħˣϹ񡭡
ЩӰΪλߣһֱߵһ


0578 ˵
δԱŲҹͣһ˵ʮˣʧ٣ѾҲӴʧ˼䣬Ǹʱˣֱܶһȴûж֪仹Ѿ
˵֮Ҳ˳˼䣬Ȼ˶飬ˣȴִħݡ
һǵ֮ǡأֱʲô̧ͷҹʵ

ҹ΢΢һ˵ֱǡɷ֮֡ȾѪ֮ꡯ֮ڤ֮С֮ܡ
˴ҹͣһת˵ɷ֣֮Իа¡Ƴһаɷ֮аɷ֮ȴҲءȾѪ֮꣬ԻޡѪȾɽӣһɱص
֮Ի췣ӵϽ֮һҲ롣
ڤ֮УԻͨڤһн磬ɱУֻء
֮ܣԻԨӵ֮ɵֵһбзĹ
ҹһһ˵˳
΢۹£а£ޣ췣ԨΪ̫
˴ֻǰĹŽȥѽǵ֮۹¡
û
ҹ˫ǰһۣ˵۹½ӵµдԣõ۹ߵ£˽׷˽ϧһСֻǣõ۹µˣչ¶һˣߵˣһȥѽԻ۹¡
˴ҹǹŽָȥĮȻСǲţȥǽ֮ϣǷһѪۡ
Ŵԣ˹ȥϸһȻڽ淢һֵѪۡ
ҹ˵ǰλϧһеõ˽գȴԴ˽صϣһѪۡ

˴δûסʧ˳һȫǾ֮ɫǴ˽ǱҲ׵ĽҪߵһȥɲҪϵ
ǡ
ҹһЦЦ˿̵棬˵׽Σжãǽ֪֣֪жΪѽȻ룬¼һˣ˭ȴһ
ǡ
δ뻹ִʲôȻ䣬ŵһ䣬ֻ֪ʱߵǽǰ˽֮ϡ
սһɲǣŵһɳصգһ̣Ҫؼˡ
ӡʲô
δ벻һҹɫҲһ±СӣȻܹö۹£Īǡ
δ˵꣬һֻȻһ½۹һɲǣŵϿӿһµĵ֮Խ͸
Сӣ㡭
ҹҲЩţȻöصĵ۹¡
˿̽Уȥһâܣһɵµƣ
۹¡
֣ӽĦʱһ˽Ϲžӵн꣬˿ܹ۹£ܹõ۹µ
ǲܶõ۹µ֣ҲѰ֮죬޾ɱ֮
ʱ˿̣͸һָӵɫÿÿ뵽֮£뵽δ֮£뵽֮£еĺγһ˿˿Ѫתܣһɼصĺ壬˿̣Ȼܹ۹²
ҹСӣôô˽Ԫڣɶô˽ֻҪԪһδǴ˽һղ뿪㣬κ˶޷ߴ˽ǣô˽سأ㡭𣿡
ӡ
δ΢΢һ֪۹ǿױܹƿٻؾѺۣǴȳ⽣һԪںϣôԪ𣬷˽Զ뿪
һ׽ߣһ紫ӵд˽ߣߵ˶һȥֻʣ¶һˡ
ϧһеõ˽λնԴ˽أ֪һѾ׽
ʲôȻ޲ӵ֮ȴ帲ЩʲôǿҲǼ֮ֻٴ˿̣ôġ
ˡ
ǰĵ۹½ɫʮƽҪߴ˽ֻΪ˽һ˵壬ͬĹ¶ȡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣӸոսʱ򣬴ӿѽһ۵ʱʶĸоֹ¶ȣĸо·ֻǰѳĽ˵


0579 
ҹѾҲٶ˵ֻ㳢ܷԪ뽣ܹܷͨ񽫽Ԫ֮УǵãڼʮΣգһʼû·
á
Ŀٶԣ۹ӽĦһɲǣٴ˹Ϸ֮
ȵȡ
δɫ΢΢һ䣬˹һ̣ȴֲ֪˵ʲôԼҲ֪Ϊλ˹
ҡҡͷ棬̫ʼŵˣ歷ǣҲڰٻؾ桭ģ¡
˵˴ֵͷŽһԼԼѪۣ˵վֻǴ˵δؾȻ
δڲٶ˵ʲôʵҲףһУڤڤаţ̫ʼŵ˷Ѿ˼ҪõԨµľȴƫƫ棬׷ɱԨҵʧصĵ۹½
ҲһУжΪ⣬ע
ǡȥ߰ɡ
ҹٶԣתȥδһۣҲȥˡ
ҹȥ֮ʱչԪ֮һ˲䣬ŵǿ粻Ъ۹½ȻͣһĽâԭյԨҲյͨ
һµĵ֮ԨϷ͸ȥʱˣеĪһϣϢ֮£еĽϲ
ô£ҵĽôᣡ
˶ԼĽͻȻ඼ˣһɽ˶ɽܸӦ˿ԼĽǱʲôסһòÿ־壬¡
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ô
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˵˴߿ȥ˵ιҲˣô
ԣǰСȷʵˣ֮ǰǶǲҵڵλãȻô׽ʮ֡

ī³΢΢ףٴǽڣȥ˵

ڣ棬ŵֻյ۹½һܣִϴҲԪ洩Ҫʹ࡭ʹǳܳܡ
һ
ǵһĻδɫţֻɫ԰ףǵ۹½ϴϴҪܶʹࣿ˿̾üͷҲûһ¡
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ҹ䵭˵ţһֵ۹´ѾãбȻѾɷϣպᱻ۹½еɷɡ
ɷô˵㻹Ԫ˽ͨǡ
δɫ΢΢һ䣬˫ü壬ȥ˿̵Ŀ֮ɫ
ߡ
ҹһߣ˫ǰ䵭ص˵Ī˵ˣ´˽ô

δ˵ʲôֹعͷȥǳʹ࣬ҲҪõ۹£Ϊ˿̵Ȼһɺ⣿գ׷ʲô£ΪԼһҲǵˡ

ʱȥգգδһֱڹŵ棬δһ̺ϹۣҹҲδ뿪Щǵһδӷôá
ǰش˯ڷУδлָԽãĻԽ
ڣŵ罥СһЩĽҲ𽥾£˹˿ֻŵ۹£һɵ֮ƣ۹½Ԫֻͨ£ȴַƻһ


0580 ɱӿ
ֻƾɵĴ棬ԭ۹½Ԫͨʱȴ֪ΪΣ۹½־ҵزʱɫҲȻò԰亹һۡ
ô¡
δһֱĿתؿţֱʱƺֱˣžѹԱҹȥιٻ֮꣬ǰ˵ֻҪ۹Ԫͨյô˽ôΪڡ
СѾͷʲô
ҹȻ˫ǰ濴ȥĮ˿ǰѻصˣֺαҹ
ֻ£ΪͻȻֱʣһʱƬ̣ҲЩס
ѵ
һֻУȻһ˿ɫԱ߻δ˵ֻ˵һ룬ʵιٻ꣬ѵʲôͲһΰѻ˵꣬ÿѵ󣬾ûˣ㷳
СѾͷЩ飬ֻܸ㣬֮ǰ֮СӴ˴ǳɹ
δ˵꣬ԨȻһ𶯣δɫ΢΢һ䣬漴ָһ㣬գʱ䡭
Ľɷ֮ɢˣЩˡδ˫ü˵ʱɻɡһ˲˳
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ҹһ˿䣬һҲ˲С
ȻԵ٣ȻΪĻսĹؼ֮ʱʱܵš
˿̣ԨϷһֽڣĽɷ֮Ѿɢˣ̫ʼŵҲѾڣ֮ǰͻδȥŶǰ档
̫ʼŵˣбɲˣҲ߶ˣȥֻȫӰŵˣҲħа̵ˣֵǣ˿ħȻˣŻͷһγ
˿һɽͷϣվӰźŵˣһЩɡ
Щʱ򣬱Ѿ˽ڣֻɷ̫֮أԲûн
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һߣŵλʦ̫ɫ䣬ǲ⽣ڣʲôؼȻһˣǾҲҪ񱨳
ʱվԱߣȻƳ˶λʦıУü֪Ȱ˵ãֻһΪһóȻȥ뻹Ҫ¡
ԶŸɵˣʱҲ˼˵ˣΪر˲һ便ͻδ밲Ȼȥ
ڣ˿̿ȥȻƽħ˼涼ˣʵϣ˴˿޷ڱʵˣⲻ֪ƽ֮£ɱӿ
Ŷǰߣ̫ʼŵԵ쳣Сģ۳Ϻ۳Ҳˣǰ˱ͻδˣ˿ȻƻδȬ
ҪȥҵĺЩˡ
۳ϿǰĴʦ֣ЩԥһҪԸĲֻһкɵˣЩΪƽƽȴ١
ī³Щɵˣʱᣬĵǣ˻᲻Ѿõ۹ˣܹõ۹µճǼλ̫ȻʦֵܼһҲܵס۹¡
ǡҪȻʦȥڴʦ֣棬˲ܹסЩˡ³˵

ī³ϳ˼Ƭ̣ˣλʦܵˣտ޴ˣ
û£ʦСһǡ
۳۳Ͽһۣһ˵꣬˱㲻ԥһԾǹŶȥ
߸Ÿ̫ʼŵǹŶȥʱвС

˿Ԩ£ŵܣһؽ棬֪ǳʲô⣬ʹõ۹ԽԽܿˣȥȻԪ
棬δɫΪţһ˲䣬ԶǿϢѸٿգ֮䣬Ѳʮ롣
ˡ
δ΢΢һܿһɻɡ̷ɵ˰УתţҲҪ


0581 ֮
ǵ棡
۳Ϻ۳ϣǰڽڣ棬˱ͻδˣδȬ书ȻС
˴δɫһЦλδֵָĪأרͷ
Ŵԣһ˪۳ʦ֣øŮϻ˵
䣬һâ˲˹ȥʱȴʱֻһһ𣬶˾һϣ˲Ծ˻ȥʱſ壬ǵǰһٵꡣ
˭
۳Ŀһһҹϣ֮ǰֻһŮˣеߣϢǺˣ
۳Ŀȴһͣҹ棬ƾļʶȻܵóپǷ٣һǱУȻش
һЩ
۳ͳһأ˲óȻʼýҹз֣Ƿٻ꣬Ե٣ÿһΣȻΪĻ

ֻϣһâϳնȥƺûˣҲҹÿһ٣Ȼ𣬹ʶ⣬
һҹ֧ŲסʱҪŵʱ׾ˡ
δƳйؼڣȥҹĴԥһɻɡʱתȥǲֵĻڲŵģȴ޵ɱ
ʦܡģ
ⷨƼᣬ۳һһʱӿȥ顱һɻɡһײǸеֱһ飬ĵķֻŮв㣬޷ӳȫħ̸δˡ
뵽˴۳Ϻֶɱ⡣
ɻɡһӲˣδҲеһһ˲䣬˫ٴα任ӡֻɻɡȻһΪ壬ǻͬɡתų˹ȥ
飡飡飡
һʯ켤жʱ̳۳۳ϱ˴֮ϵʮĬʹԻδҹͬʱҹҲͬࡣ
󣬻δľ޴ҹҲĲС۳ϸ۳ϣ˱ϾΪȻʱȴȻ񲻿ɵ
Ȼ䣬ֻ۳һ̧ȫԪһۣ˲һɫӡһδȥ
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ҹ
δ˫ü΢΢һ壬ۼһιһҹǰָüһ㣬һɲǣһɿֲڷӿȥ䡱һǽõ˳ȥ
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Ŵԣδֻеһ˵ĿɬûκĿģ֮ˣŵѪҲһǷ˵Ѫ£Ҫ֪𡭡
ҹٶԣʱԶ̫ʼϼδһһֻǲ֪˼ֻ֮ΪδĳħͻȻǿ뷨ȴ̫ˡ
ʦ֡ϣ
۳һһССŮǿܹǿȥδ䣬֮ٴγδ빥ȥ
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飡飡
ֻ죬˱һ𣬾˫˫Ѫ󵹷˳ȥܹ뵽һССŮһ˲ǿʮֹ
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ôܣ
ֱʱв¶˾֮ɫֻδ䣬Ȼԭʧˣһ˲䣬ȴֳǰ˫һ̧顱ش˶ؿϡ


0582 ֮
ۣ
һѪ󵹷˳ȥѸ͵Ĺƣ˸ûһ˿мء
һɲǣδɱ۱øѪ죬䣬ѾƲסڵˡ
ʦܡ
۳ɫɷףԭ˾δʱѩϼ˪Ϊߣ´˿̣վҲվˡ
ʦ֡ģ
ߺȻһת֮䣬ֻδֹһΣϸһϺɫȥ¡
ȻҪֵһ˲䣬ȴɫȻһף﷢һƺߣţһ˲ɢˡ
һɲǣ˹һС˵ĻСãһѪѪȴΪСͻ£ȴ⶯֪ô
ΪʲôҲܶΪʲôǶ⶯֮ȴֻҲС
СãЩ飬ԺԻףڣСȴܸ㣬סգС˵Ļ֮Ҫ׶á

˿ڰУ粻ͣشδɫ԰ףҲûκ̫֮ʼ˾δ·ڹŹһһһ˲䷴ӦͬɱУδһƴȥ
飡飡
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顱һһɢ˵ֱӽն˳ȥ
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ʱԨϷǹŶڱߣȻܵ±һҵ𵴣ʱһī³ϣ˿̸ɫ䣺ʦܣʦܡ
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Ҳæ˹׵ĹŶһ̲֪ΪΣĪеһ󵨺ľ
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Ҫڴ˲ɱ̲ס΢΢һʶԣʱҲԥī³˵ȥˡ
̶Ƭ̣ڣǾ̫ʼŵˣȥǧ֮࣬ī³ڴ˲ɱֻˡ
ʱѾӽƻ裬˴ɱĲɣʹԭĺɫգȻ֮øѪˣ·ǱѪȾһ㣬˸еޱȵϢѹ֡
˿Զɽͷϣɵ˶Сۣڣǳɱ̫ʼ˾ۼڴˣڴ˴ɱ¾֮󣬿ڵˡ
ǧʦã㿴̫ʼЩˣﲼɱ󣬿Ǵ㳹׳ȥʦˡ
ԶһɽϣŽڣǱɱڵĴɫһ±ʮֲ԰ס
ǧվԱߣʼգĬֻеˮ֪ΪΣһ̾ȻҵϷһɽ֮


0583 
ʱ˿̣ǧеˮϷ֮ԽԽңҪһš
ǧѩǰʦõˮʱǿҵķӦĪ桭
ǽڣȥֻǱɱڣ̫ʼŵѾﲼ޵ľɱֻһĪõǽڣĹŽˣ
ˡ
һԼֱţ˭óֻ̫ʼŵõڣˣ޲챦ʦʱ򣬽ǱŽӽڣ
˿̣һɽϣǱħ˾Ӷ࣬ħڵ˾ħ̵аޣƸĹӰףң¥ңڵ
ĪǣڣѾǶõˡ
аͳ΢΢ɱ¶ǼħڷѾ˼ʮΪ챦ֻǸ߹Լʵ͹˵ʵûͻδ룬һΣҲѽ챦ߡ
һЦôˣ㽫Ǳ˫ַϣҽ𣿷ûȥӡ˰ˣν챦ҲͿˣǲȥˡ
ߣ
аһߣ常ڴˣҪýڣ챦׾٣̫ʼЩˣʲô
һۣһЦɲֹ̫ʼЩˣħҲǱȥ챦ֻϧٶǰħϵһԪֻµڻδ׸ԭɣ
ڲԶӰ׺ңԳĬ˴˿̣Ҳ˼
ʱǽڣŶ棬̫ʼŵѾɱ󣬴Ҫά֣ɱأֻܽһǧˣɱҲǵˣǻ۷ߣҲδܹȥ
ߴҴææī³ǰСʵһнѰմϵķԸףڡ
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ī³䣬˵ʱһֵɱ

˿̣Ԩ棬ŵǰδڶһԪͬʱԾ޸΢΢Žʹת
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δ˵꣬⸽ֿʼһΣ𵴳òͣǹŵҲҡҡ׹ˣѺۡ
Сӣ뿪
ҹһ·˹Χ˵Ӧǵλ˴Ҫˡ
δҲһ˲ܵˣ䣬ƺʲôֻǵλ
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ҹȥ⼸ѻĹ󣬲ټ档

ҹҲٶԣط֮ǰֵСӣȻ۹ԪͨǼס˽׶ãÿһΣһԪ񡣡
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ʱֿʼǹŵʧޣǳܲס𵴣ʼ̮ˡ
Ҫˣ뿪
δ֮ǰĵطȥһ·𵴲ϣԨ¾ɸߣǳױĻ£Ҳǵñ治ɡ
֮ǰ׹ĵطȻһ˲䣬Ȼܵһ˿ɱ
ȻδҲܵһ˿ɱָƽӣѾ沼˽ֻȥˣڡ
δ˵꣬ԨȻ־ұڿʼѺۣ˴˿̾ЩվȣԨϷҲʯ
治ˣߣ
ԥֽһչԨȥصԨ̫Ȼ֮棬Ҳδػȥοʱ֮ȣʱܱȥ
мʱ𵴺ȻøˣϷʯѾסһһƣϽЩʯ𿪣һʹ˹ޣҪɹȥǱøˡ
ãȵڿҪȥʱǹŶ棬Ȼʮ͵Ľ±ն


0584 
ӡģ
ǽͣδһ˲ɻɡ顱ʮɢ˿
Ȼɢ֮󣬽ģһµĽ֮һǽ֮ȥ䡱һЩȥ
ֻԨϷԼԼƣδ뾪긦漴侲˵̫ʼЩˣ뽫桭
˿ǹŶ棬̫ʼŵȫڴ˴ȻΪͻȻ𵴣ī³ʱıһ⣬ͻδ˶±ߣʱȥõ۹½
Զ˶ŵߣǱߣҲֱţô죬̫ʼЩýƷס˳ڣʦôһˣǵñ治ɡ
ʱǧѩʦããһıΣ

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ŵҪĵģ̫ʼЩˣǸŸɵˣٽ赱֮Ϊɣõ챦桭
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Ҳͬʱһ˲䣬̫ʼһǧʱ߶ɱ˹ȥ˽ɱأҲͬСɣһɲǣֻѪ콣ǧ֮һ㣬سնɱȥ
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һĻֻɷڳˣ̫ʼī³ϸǶȻһ¶֮ɫ˫һգգؿһǰѹŽֻǽһâ͸һϵ֮ǡ۹£
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߻δ£һʵĽ˲ն䡱һʱԱ⼸Ѫ˳ȥ
ī³һȻȫԪ˫һ֣סǽն֮ƣȻֻ䡱һ죬վܣԱɿֲˣԲʮڣʱ̳
һȴδɢȥʵһ㣬սֱһѹǽҲһѹī³϶ʱشһѪӿ·Աһ˫ѹ


0585 ۹֮
ϣ
һĻԶ̫ʼƽĵӣǼ߽һ׷ǰҪī³ϣȻƾǣܳܵס۹ƥ
˵ֻʣˣǧˣҲδسܵס۹һ
һѹһɿ𣬵ʱ̫ʼŵĵ˳ȥǼܴأѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ī³һ˵ֿ۹½ܲסʱǵ˫ѾûָֻҪһѪֱ
ԶŸɵѾ˿̶ĿתؿǰѽĪǱǽڣ챦
һµĹŽǵһ̫ʼŵǧ˽󣬸Ϊ붴澳ĸҲܲס⵽ʲô˿£һϢĵ֮
ī³ϳܲס۹µĽܿ죬ȫȾѪֻһĻ㡭ǲ
һ䵭Ļʱȴ·ֱЩ͸˽ԸеһһȻһΪѿ붴澳ǰ˵һ仰
ī³˫۲Ѫ˿ݺݵصȻȴһ仰Ҳ˵Ŀһ䣬ٴνһѹ㣬ǲ

һأī³ûסһ˺ѷεĲҽУһɲǣԪҲҪڽ֮һƤѿѪĽ
һ޷е۹֣ûд˽ϷҪ㣬練ơ
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ʱԶһɽͷϣվϵãŵʦ̫ʦ̫
˸ղſǹŶʱһʱ̫֮а˿ֲ֮ϸǶȻһеĺ⣬ȴֻ
ֻʦ̫޺޵СħͷõаˣԪֻǸ޼ˡ
ʦ̫Ǻâһʦ÷ģա
˿վԱߣУλʦһ֮أֻеЩʵŽ۹һô̫ʼҪã̫ʼҪʲô
ǹŶӿ˿վһʯϣյ۹½󳤷ī³Ҳˡ
һ޵۹£Ϸձض𡭡
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˵֮ʱΧһֹЪȻջ˽Ȼһƶȥ
飡
һ죬ī³ϱһƴؿڣҲûУʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
Զ˽һԭҲΪһֻе۹½֣Ŀˣȴû뵽ʵҲ˿ˡ
ոһ˵ī³һ⧲ī³ϵΪôһ¾ʹѪɳȥ֪һ֮Ѱ֮ˣ
˵ī³ϣɳȥ󣬴վ֮ʱҪ˹ȴǰһһһâѵϡ
ĳһȥӣҪԪʲôҲܣǣҪҡ
ȴʹī³ϻ˸̧ͷǰĵ۹½ղֻҪٽǰݳ磬ʱǵ۹½֮ˡ
С
һۣ䵭ʦܣѾڵ۹֮£б£гһͻ澳ʱǱ𣬷򣬱
һʱԶЩɵһ仰˼ѵ˵澳֮£Ѿô
뵽˴˸̲ס˸˶ʶԶȥԭһЩڴ챦ˣ˿Ҳе뷨
ٺ١ٺ١ãá
ֻī³ϻѪɢٺٲЦֹȻԷ˵˽ղɱҲͲˣ޼ɵ͸һɼǺĺ⣺һȷб£۹ͨˣ죬Զ󲻵ǿˣǿһֻ׵㡭


0586 
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ȻӸ£ؿһƽ񣬷ӿҲη塣
ī³ϲеһϣһɲǣǴĵ׿ʼЩηǰӣһ˫۾Ȼ˿˵ٶв֮Էһ˿η壬һɡ֮
߰ɣҲɱ㡣
һ˵ţһջ˵۹½
һƣī³ϿǴеη壬Ϊʱ֣ԷҪɱν׾٣ҪҪ
á
ī³󲻸ʵؿһۣһ˲仯һâԶȥˣ̫ʼŵˣɢڼߴ£Ҳ׷ȥˡ
һ̣ڣޱȣʵ뵽֮ǰʮưõ̫ʼţؾһ˶ɾ
δһԾӯߣŷ̫ʼЩߵķʵΪβɱˣ
ҲŸոī³ߵķ򣬷Ƶصɱһˣơ
δܲ⣬һЦһ־
˵˴ֻЩˣƺǻЩ
ֻԶŸɵЩˣո棬ȷʵвٶסˣڣЩֽ͸ɱǴ˿̿ħŮһ
ʱԶȻӰ˹ֻǶ˪Ŀ⺮ȴŵʦ̫ʦ̫
λʦ塭
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ʦ̫һڣ俴ǰִ˵Ҷ࣡ĪΪа˶㣬ƫƫ£
ŴһԶˣĿ˵۹½棬ԭе֮һ̾Ǳаһ
δ뵭һЦǺЦúܣ۹̫֮һôʦ̫УͳаˣǰҲˣžֻҪǾħаյ۹½֪ʦ̫˵а𣿡
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ǵĴ֮һ˵ʦãҲ˴죬ֻЩ˶ȥѡ
߽Щˣɫ䣬ĳ˵ЩˣɱǻҪʲô
Ⱥһ˰˶һɱɱȴ˿ֳ֮ʱ֪ȻһЦ֮Ĺˣȴ֪ЦǴĸ·ԲԶ

ǹЦ𽥱ƽһ𣺡ҿǣҪһ֪Ǳоɣ
˭˭˵
ֵȺﲻ˽һ𣬷׷ĴѭҲ˵֮˵Ӱ
ʱڣȻдƬӰϸȥвǰڣŵˣҲ۵ˣвطȵˣŵϺҲˡ
ȻЩ˲֮ǰЩһģ֮ǰЩɵˣΪʮ챦˿Щˣ²Ϊʲô챦
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λϺȻߵ˴ϲλǱʲôҲˡ
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λϻ䵽ǰ˿˿ĿԼͽϣʵǣû°ɣ
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Ŀ΢Զȥʦ֣㿴ǱߣȻһ
ǱȥħŮδҲڣɵýһϣ
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δ˵ֵ꣬ЦٴȺ𣺡ٺ٣һôˣôĪǶΪ˵о𡭡
˭˵
һΣʦ̫ɵòȻһŭȥµ˭ʲôβһ
֮ʣȻ֮䣬һ֪ӺδĹʱɣʦ̫Ȼһʦ㡭ĩһˣȻһ˴ȥĿ꣬ǻδ룡
δ롭
ʱӦһüȿͣ鼱֮£ֻ˲һƴȥ¡һƾžĸͣŽһɢ

һ˲˹ȥʵ󣬸ոǵǺ˳֣һӰҲûУܹӰߣѰ֮ˣ
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δ뾪긦ɫЩ΢΢԰ףոһ£һЩش
˿˻ûг׷ӦȴȻֻԶ˾˳ոաǾҲῴһǣЦľ
ȻЦľѧôֲãֲЩ꣬Ϊչ֮Ѹ͡
Ⱥһ·δɫһ䣬ʱ׹ոһ£ǰ˱ǰ֣ղŶõģѵǾѪħЦľѧôؿ鷳ˡ
ӣѪħʲôϵδȥʵ
һѪħҲ֪˵ʲô
㲻֪
δ뿴ոʩչѵ֪ʲô𣿡
ǡǰ
һɲǣԺɽŶǰһĻĻֿٴԺ


0587 Ī
һ˲䣬飬Ⱥ֮ʱǹЦٴ𣺡ٺٺ١ǽˣΪҵѪħΪһ飬ٺٺ١
ŴԣȺһ˷׷ĴѰңȴҲҲ˵֮ˣʱֻǹٴ𣺡ŵλʦ̫ʦֶ𣬻ҲΪҵ䣿
Ŵһλʦ̫ʱһ𣬿ȥȴҲ˵֮ˣʦ̫߳ŭνȵĸͷ¶β󱲣
ٺٺ٣ٺٺ١
ǹЦȴʼҲټղŵҲˣʱҲ˵ˣ㽫Ԫһᣬ֪ηѵһ
ڳΪԵ֮ˣеĿһѣɼΪ֮ߣ֮
ûãȴǹȺ𣺡ٺٺٺ٣ŵĶλǽˣѵҲΪЦž𣿺ٺٺ١
һȺһ֮£Ʋ˵ƣƫƫŲҲҵĪĴţɣһ
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Ǳߣ˺Ͳɫ򶨣𣬴˿˿Ϊ仰վһԣ˻ٰλϣ߷ߵι㵽˭Ҫ˵˵
˵˵СѾͷ֮£֪ģ»̫ˡ
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˵˴Ÿɵѱɫʵȷʵˣ֮ǰյϢϢԣ˿ԷֺᵽйأǲʮָǶԣžɱʲô챦Ҫöˡ
ոֿʹ˾Ѫħľѧô˿ϢˣЦ쵱˼Ƕɽ
˿̣˶ǱȥʵǷˣŵȻһ
ô£⵽ô¡
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ʱ˿̣ɵĿ⣬λԵʮ򶨣Ƕ˵Ȼ֪Цһ£ҲֻǼ֪ȴϢ©˭ڷųϢ
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ü΢ˣ˭Цһ²СʦҲСкˣܹƵ
ʱʵ벻˻˭Ҫٵ⣬ȴɵɣдֻ޾鷳
ԶԪһᣬ˵λѣ֪Ǻηˣһɡ
ȥûһֻǹЦٴ𣺡ٺ٣ŵλǰҹ̨ҳʲôˣŵĸ˳ΪˣҾΪ߸˰ɣȻǲˡ
⻰һ˸û뵽ֲãԭǡ¹硱ˣҪΪûΪȴʲôֶȥգ޵ȥоʮȻӦˡ
ڻֻ֮Ⱥ֪ðòз磬Ǵ⣬һ룬˳ơ¹硱Ĺ̨Żʱֹ
ˡ
һ¾͸˳뵽ŵʱ򣬲طЩƫƫ˵ʦħ̵ĹҺ̨ƴڻ˵ʲôһħţŪΪ棬⻰ȴڼطˡ
ǧʦáôˣ
û

ʱ·̨ˣ˶Χȥ̨㣬ո˵Щ棿
˲ֱȥλϣֻȥʹ̨ˣ˼һġ
̨ٺЦŵɽͷȥٺЦﻹλŵĸڳ߸ȻҪһԣɸش⿩


0588 ƹ
ǱȥȻŵλϣŷʲôڻû˸ҹȻλġ
գλȻҲΪ¶ʱһվ˳ڵɽͷ֪λѿɷһ£Цһ£ǷΪ棿
߼˶Щ޴룬˺Ͳ˽ΪʱȻҪȳࡣ
Цһ£޷ټڸˣʱϵĻ˾á
ǰһ̤˵ЦʦУȷ£ɽ£˲֪ιʦʦõָشԪ˶ɽ֮Сע
ŴԣȺȻ䶯ʱҲǰ˳ӹ˵Ļ˵¹ش󣬶ɽڣ˾ʴˣЦһ£ʦüˣδ֮ڡ
Ⱥ֮øˣȻ֮Ҳ˵ùɽǵڣȥһЦ죬ȥһգʮֺ
µȴǣŸɵѾʼɣЦűž䣬һɾͲСˡ
ԪɶԣžҪԣκ챦ܱȣڣĵģЦ쵽ȥ
һǱȥʵ֪ŵĶλϣɷ֪ҵȣЦȥ
Ŵһ±߸Ÿʱв˷߷߸Цħͷɱʦ֣˳𲻹죬ұҪҵʦֱ𣡡
ЦǶţ˳ر
ħͷŮҷҪҵʬβɣ
Ⱥһ±ü׷׿ħͷڽڣŶǱߣδ뵹Ǿ˼Цӣ㿴νһΪžʲôܹóӣ
δתͷȥȴ죬ʵôˣ
û˵Ժһ鸡ţǰʱһĻĻ㽫кγɾͣı£㲻ɻķϣһ۱Էף
ǵãһǰʱ龰ԭǰ˵ĳˣȻʦ
гһգʦ͹ǰˣǴˣԼӦð˭
ԣһʦ޿ɴ棬Цԡ۶ԷǾѪħҲã֮ĶҲãԶǸһ̻µĹǰ
뵱꣬ʱ࣬۸ȻȺʱѾ࣬ȴھ˹ǰһܼı졭
ܶദֻж̶̵һʱ䣬һµʱǰΣȴܶԷʱʮҲϣѧ᱾졣
ǰһֱ֪ǰݣ֪ˣȴȻƿһΪԷݣǲ֪ԷǷٻ֮գǰֻΡ
˿ԺֳָǸͷӰ
ȺԽԽ˶Ǳ߷ȥ׷λѯʣЦ쵽
Ȼڳλϣ֪Ц䣬ˣ˵Ҷ˲棬ֻǵЦȥӰ٣ʦ֣ʵ֪䡣
˵ѣЦǶɽ£᲻֪䣿
Ⱥ･ʼЩв˶ΧʱȻ˸ոһʹЦĹǰŵˣЦĹȻ֪Ц䣡
һַ׷ȥǶǴ˿ٶ࣬ҲĴɵ˺Ͳһʱ䣬˲Щհǰ˺
ٺٺ١
ʱֻ̨ȻЦ˵Ǵʱȥ²Цȥģú룬˭׷ɱЦ죬Ҫ˵Ц쵱ı£֮ǰ˰㣬ܷɣ±ӣҲûޡ
ŴԣȺֽ仰Ҳ˵ûЦһ£Ҳ˵ʮɰս£ȻӵشԪ
ʱһµվ˳˵Ц챻Ǽħڵ׷ɱŲ·ܽؽˣȻӣˡ

Ϲ̨󷴶Цüͷһ壺Цʲô
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Ŵԣһ»ȻѣЦǵȱ£ȻˣҲŲ·Ķֱ治ˣ˵ǼװŲ·ɽȥ
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ιִ̨Ц˵ҲҲǼħڵˣЦŵؽܣǼħڵ첻µز£ͬ׷ɱȥǱǼħڵ׷ɱЦûбҪǱܡ
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Ǽħŵȷʵȥ׷ɱЦ죬ǲδ׷ɱĵؽ磬Ц̫ѶԸħŵ󲻵òȴ˵Ц׷ɱؽ磬Ҳ˵׷ɱЦˣǼħŵǼħŵֻ˭
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ڣŶǱߣδ뵽ˣʱʮа˾Źˣ׷ɱЦؽܵˣͲħˣˣ
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Цǿһ㣬ԲǱܣգѡɽ棬Ϊ֪Ǹˣһ̤࣡
֪ˣ֪ˡ
δһУȥӣ֪ˣЦ࣬Ϊ֪һ
ֻ֪ʱɫȻüˣ˫ͫҲЩѪ죬ϸһɱϢ
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עԭ֮ͽӦΪʦֶΪ֮һ棬ͬʦƣʽ֮£˳Ϊʦá
ͬʽ£ƺΪʦ֣ʦڱ⣬У˺⣬ٶ׸


0589 
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δ뿴˺һ𽥻ָʱŸ֮ҲԽԽìͷָ˹
ܵ׷ɱЦ˭Ǹոգ˶ˣʹĹЦľѧһ֪Цġ
ܿ죬˶Χ˹δЩ˿̽䱸ͬʱȥһЩʳЦ䣬鷳ˡ
أ䵭ղһǺ˳֣ĿģȻԼǰ¶
ֻǵʱ鼱֮£Լûô࣬Ҳ֪ǰЩΪǰǸܹӰΣܹȫĹȻһΪ黯ľ֡
˿̣ΧԽԽ࣬˶£ʱһ߲ſʵһ㷽ʹǾǾѪħЦľ˹
Ŵ˻ʳ˶עĿؿȻֻص޿ɷ桭
⡭
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ຣޱߣͷǰһϽǾѪħ䣬ٽŮȥţ㻹ŵĵӡ
Ⱥ･ʼɨһۣλб£ǾԼȥѰңĳ޿ɷ档
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ôһ˵вһŭǰǺһµ㵱滹ǲ֪ڸģֻҪϽѪħģе飬ҵȶɲ׷

δȻͷһЦЦһ飬ȷѪ꣬бħȴƹȻҵЦ죬õžΣĪ˶ǧǰʦתô޷ҲǸϴɱˡ
һʱ˼򣺡һħŮ֪ʲôҿЩаħĻ飬žЩħ֮ǲŻǧǰһ˼ΪԪŵѪɺӣͿ̿
žȻҵȲ͸ҲýţλϿܣ֮У˭Ҳؾ
Ⱥִ֮ʱȻӰһɽͷϷȴ˺Ͳλϡ
ŵλϹˣɵ˷׷ÿʾ
նλϣɫأԲ䣬ԴʣôλϣҲĳô
ǰŵʱ˾ʮֲϲμǾѪħմϹϵħŮһ飬ɫ˵һѲӣҪɾѧŹܲţѪħһ·ͬСɣ֪ʲôǾ˵
һۣ˵˵˲֪ǲ֪кλ˵
㡭
˲һŭ˵ʲôԱֽ߲һ֪Ѫħ޶ʦѪȻʦñ𣬴ΪߣʦڰǱǷʤ
Ŵһ˵ߣһͶħ̣ѵնʦҲ㻹ǵһ˿һӵ֮Ǳ콫ǾѪħ˵
Χķ߷֮ԽԽһʱ䣬ֻеЩ飬ԺһֳһĻĻһֳָɽ棬ʯһĻĻǸͷ棬ݲ֮ˡ
˼Ը˵һ֪Ѫħ֮أǹš
Ҫ˵Ŵ֮£ȥһϣŴһʦֲԡ
Ŵԣ˲Ų˵ȥˣȥһɫ࣬˵һһı£꣬Ժδϰ
˿⡰һ֣Ҳ΢΢һ£·ֻصţԱ߻δãＱӴӣǧҪЩ˵ĻǸ뺦㣬һֶ˵
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪
һɲǣ飬֪ιʣȻһ𿪵ǰˣڣȥˡ
δ״Ҳһչ׷ȥʱȴȻӦһ˿ϢһûԽڣʧˡ
Ǹոˡ
һ²ʲôǸղųһƵڸŸǰþǸˡ
׷
ȻʶҲ׽һ˿һûϢֲøղŲӰԭˣһֱȺ档
˱֮󣬰зȴܹκһˣλΪ黯϶ˣ˾˭


0590 ħ
뻨δȥʱǽڣ棬Ÿɵ˼ˣҲ׷ȥ
ʱڣȻһ濪ʼǸɽ壬ҲסҡΣҪһ
ô£
˽һǸղźЩˣ֪˴ѾţʱλһλʱȻض֪ж˻ᱻ档
¡
Ȼһ촫ֻϷͻȻ̳ףһɽмˣ¸ղվɽˣ뱻˽ȥ
⡭ߣ뿪
㾪˹λǺεȿ£Ϊߣ֮࿹ǵλвռѺۣѺ֮Уһ˲ҷԪ벻ˡ
ɵӺѵĿ¾󣬴ʱ񣬷׷ڳϴ£ȥ
ЩҲٷ˹˿һۣ˵뿪˵
ڼɽһһı̳֣ҲѺۣѺ֮Уһ˲䣬Ԫ񶼱ס
ߣ
ɳϷ׷ʩչͨԼµĵȥһɽϣżħڵˣʱͻҲ˲ôˣ׷ȥ
˿ڽڣ棬ͻδ뱾׷ˣȴȻ͵𵴣һ·Ӧ˹²ֹλô򵥣֮ǰͨʮĽģڣĽҪˡ
ߣ
˴ʱҲʱ˲ȥ׷ˣһĽϣ˶ᱻ棬һΣԤϡ
һ·ͣȥҪص֮ǰĵط봩ǹĹż֮أٶٿ죬ҲҪʱ䣬ܻص֮ǰǽ֮ʱһϣʱ˭Ҳȥˡ
ʱ䣬ʱʮ𵴲ϣƵƵɽʼλɽһЩҲˣŶ̶գˣǲ
һյƻʱĺͻδڻص֮ǰĽ紦ֻǽѺۣδȫ£˶һۣԥһԾѺ۴ȥ
һ棬㿴ɵˣЩȻǸˣʱ˷ɳΧȥ׷ѯʣʲôʲôˣ
ͻδٶ̫죬Щһʱûϳ뻨δҲͣһԶȥˡ
֣ոˣΪοЩ졭
ֱԶȥӰ٣ȺſʼСûãֻ˳ȴǸŸɵˡ

˵ͻδ룬ʮ棬δϤˣҪ˦Щ߿ν׾٣Ҫ׷֮ǰˣҲʲô¡
ҹĻʱֻһбңҹɫޱߣʮ֣ԽԵùء
׷ǰ˵Ϣ֪˺δδȻҾ¶ЩѰ׷ɱЦ˾˭ĴŶѲ˸ϵ
ɫصؿ˼ǣõˣĴˣ
û
δ˵ͷ˵ݼߣΪҲߣǣȴ֪
Ϊߣݼߣȴ֪
΢һ˳˼һˣܲܣ˰ɣ
ãҲ벻һ˻˭£룬ⱾϹʱڵ湦֪λȴʹԪŵأǵħħħѱ棬˹ѷ֡

ʱֹȥ죬죬˶ʮˣո¹һ꣬ɽﻹʪġ
ʱһɽֻʮӰɣЩ˽ΪŮӣΪһˣĴħ棬ڵ
֪ΪΣЩߵ֮ȵ˹һʱȻͣһ죬˶䱸
˼ɫأһµŮСʵħˣôˡ
ȵȡ
ɫأһֹ̧ס˵ȥֺȻ쳣ֻз紵ʱҶɳɳ졣
ʱֻߣ֪ʱվһӰۣͷϴŶñò
ʱһɫ䣬һ¼˷塱ҲǵͻȻֵӰ˸ɢ׷óԼıС
żʮˣĵҲǳǴ˿غ˵Ϣ£ҲҶһ¡
ǿˣЩ΢΢ҵֻ·ʵǰǰ治Ϸҵһ
˳ĬһɱȴڲأƳ˶Է˿̵ɱҪƴһ϶Էһȳдһ֮ǿƾǼʮˣк˳ܵס
Σһ̣Ȼһɫ䡱һҶ׷ɣǵ˺˵ǵ
мʮδֻһӰƮȻ䣬ӯȴǸòʮŮӡ
էһŮ·ϸһɲӣ
ֻһ˫ѩʮָᣬ·̵һ㣬ӯӯϸᣬһƮƮȾ˳鶯
˳ɵŮӣǺˣ
˾δǰŮ£һæϥ£μ
˭ܹ뵽˳ʳ˼̻һŮӣȻĴħ֮һڵɶ
һвǳȴڴ˶Լ󱲳֣ݣ
ɶƽƽ˵ʱǺ˿ȥȻһмҲǰ˭͸Ϊˣڲزء
֮ʱȻ䣬һһ߷˽ֱǺ˶ȥͽֱͺЩڵӸеһϡ
һȥǺעȫɶϣδϵһѽԼɱ鼱֮£ֻ˫࿹
Ȼ˽ǵ۹£ͬһ㣿ȻǺ˵иڽһ֮£ϵĺҲһ˺ˣ͡һƬƬ鿪


0591 ٻؾ
۹½Ǻ˵ĶۣΪ˱ܿݣ룬˶ñ֮£Ȼһߣֻܿһ˫۾
һ˲˽Ӱнס۹£ŵ۹֮ƣһϴȥ
ʮָһҲƲǳ˫һʱе۹֣ҲеϢһϣδֻ쳾̹̳ɢ֮ʱȴѲ˵Ӱ
ʱһӰ˽ȴǻδ׷֮ǰ׷˵Ϣ˲֪˺εҲܲ˵Ϣˡ
׷ˡ
δʧķ˵ţ˵֮󣬲ע⵽ڵˣɶʱʱҲ΢΢һ
ǰ棬ЩŵˣΪǸ̫ţҲΪڵǸȻŮû뵽һԷ˳ͬһţǰɵŮӣˣһħڵ
ʱڵиţӡֲãԭˡ
ʱҲתȻϵЩڵˣֻǵĿɶϾ֮ʱԷҲڿĿӵһɲǣ·ʱҲȻֹͣһֱƬ̺һ紵֣˲ŸԽߴӶԷƿ
̶ֻƬ̣ƹȥһɶδԣҲδ˵κһ仰ֻһƮȻһ㣬ȥˣҲȥ
ߵӰ֮ڣոˡ
ڵɶδӹ

Ҳʵδ뵽ΪħڣȻ欵Ůû뵽ڵ˳ףɣһ˿ħ˵ӣ
Ȼã˾֮ˣΪҪȥħڵֻߣϱʲôħְ֮ɡ
δڳ˵㲻֪ɶиƺţӡոһֱ˼ҿôĪô죬ϲ˼ˣ
ҡҡͷʱȥ˵Ц˵ʮֲ򵥣ոǸˣȻҲǼɵڳԲŴҴȥ
ɶʮ֣±Ͳˣħ̺ң¥аƸħŵҲʮ֣͸ˡ
δһ˵ţһϸ˼һȥոǸˣѾ׷ٲˣȻȥȳǲǡ

΢΢ףҲٶԣ֮ǰڵİٻǱ߶ȥ
֮ڻص˰ٻȣԭڣ歷ǰðٻ󣬽˰ٻؾ棬ٻÿܿһΣٴӰٻؾð֮ˡ
ٻؾȣʱпܻһؾ歷ǱȻУһΣδżȥʮѰ챦챦֮ǿд򿪰ٻؾѺۡ
˿ٻȵϷ֮ǰ⸽̫ʼŵˣϴڽڣǱߣ̫ʼԪˣˣѾȥˡ
ӦŰٻؾ洫ܿ죬δҵһĹȣȿڴ͸˵أǰٻؾһѺڡ
վڲԶδߵȿǰ˫ֲϽӡ洫ȥһһŴ歷˵δ룬𣿡
歷˵δ뼲洫ȥ正Σǻŵסô
桭
ȻٻؾΪѷѾѺۣʱһؾˣȻֻлҷ³
δ֪ʱ˵飬û£Һһѵ۹½ˣԴ˽֮ǿƿؾѺۣ正棬׼á
ȵȡ
ٴδ歷˵δ룬ֻ⸽ûˣ
Ŵԣδ濴˿⸽ʮأոʱҲûзκ˸٣زˣ˵ûˣֻҺˡ
ãã׼ǡδ룬ʵڲУ򲻱ǿ˴ʮΣգ޷ؾ뾡뿪
洫歷˵ȴЩΡ
δ˫ü΢ǰ˵Ǿ棬ȻҪؾѺۡ
ġ
΢΢ͷδʡ
˿ڰٻؾ棬ֻյǲƲŹǺ˶ж歷ߣվһСŮСŮƤ𪣬üһӡǣɰǵС
ʦʦҪ𡭡
˿Сգһ˫ۿ歷ˣճãھŵһܹ漣
歷һЦ˸ɰգ˵ǰǰʦǳȥء


0592 
ʦʦô
Сգһ˫ۣʦˣ·ʮ˷ܣ歷һЦϵͷЦǰ
ʱ漲߽Ůӣɫæӣ벻ʲô¡
歷СЦʹڷҲҪȥ𣿡

Сǹɿɰ˵ȥڴϣһ˫ˮĴۿ歷ˣʦҲȥ

歷˳һЦȥˣľ歷Цһȫޣ˶硣
ؾ˷ԲȣʱǿƿѺۣвؾ
歷һοǰΣֻµͷѱ
ɫżߵĵӵкüѾʼʧȥˣûз˵ҲóȻ
Ҳա
歷濴һۣ˵ȥʣļ󷨣ȫ򿪰ɡ
ŴԣӸɫһ̧ͷһ£ұǵӵǣһ󷨴򿪣Ҳζš
֪
歷̾Ȼ֪һ⼸󷨴򿪣Ҳζţ󷨵ľؾȻ⼸󷨣Ǿ͸֧Ųס£ֻƸһˡ
²˳٣ȥɡ
ãá
ִҴȥˣ歷˿ܣɫ

Լʱһж׼ˣ歷洫ȥδյ״¼ѣһ㲻ͻؾʱǶ档
˵֪
ʱɫ֪ݲһ˿ʧ󣬵ߵȿǰһ죬۹½ͨ˲С
ȵȡ
δЩĲ£ȥ˵ͷġ˵꣬ԪһۣʱһǿҪɽһӿ
֪ҪǿƿؾѺʮֲףвؾǶ۹ľ
ڱ֤㹻ǿͬʱһ㣬ɷɢĽΨеݳǣǸؤġŽ

һĽǰָһӽĦ
Ž֡˽ؽ콣˽ֻԪؽһԪ
콣ɣ˽ҪľȫԪһ˿ȫԪΪһ֪ȻǾ춯أն
˿̣Ҫԡ˽ƿؾѺۣʹŵ۹֣Ҳδܹһ³ɹһδܳɹؾڣֻԡؽƿؾѺۡ
Χӿģ統ݳ⣬ؤʾһһ𣬡ؽ˲ʱһעһԪϵ۹֮ǵУ
䣡
һ죬ɽȾһǹȿڴؾѺۣһ˲䱻նˣѺƿԼߣȻܹΣһ֮ȴѺ۲ɢò˶ãؾȻ
δ״ٷǰ˫ַǰһɴ˲ӿɢ˳ȥ˷ŽѺ֧ס
ǹǹ
ٻؾ棬ĵҲΣ歷˴СؾѺǰȳȥűСһԾǿʼİٻؾ
Ҫˣ뿪
歷򶨲ңδ뿴ȥδ룬ߣ
δջȴֻеһΣ˲ȥҲȥȻ˻δԶֻ䡱һɽȶˣһǿɢʱѪӿֹҡҡ׹
ؾ̫ǿڵ޷ܣֻǶҪ歷ͨһչ˲ûɣУһɲƿǧɾ롣
ƬɽȺڵӲԶղһĻռһֻ±Ѹɽһҷˡ
μ
վ֮ڵδΰȥδǰӿȥԭǧӣΪξֻʣˣѵ˶Ѿ뵽˴Ǳкݺݴһ¡
ʦ˭
˿С歷ֻ̽ͷŻδ룬ӿȥЩ
ʦ棬֪𣿡

СЩȣ㶵ؿŻδ룺ʦʦѽ
СŮδŻعǰɰŮкȻһʹѾʧȥЩ䣬һɲǣ·ģģظ
正ǡ
δ룬㲻ǵ𣿡
歷˿Żδ룬ʵ֮ǰͷˣδʧȥһЩ䣬ЩҪѹͺˡ
û£ͷ˵
歷˵˵ͷʱȥֵڴˣл顣
ոؽԪʱɫأЩɷףǰ歷˷𣺡˿
ʱɫδ򸽽˿ָղŵľˣ˵˵ز˾뿪
̣ҹʱ򣬲һصɽȣѾûˣֻʱڹн١
ǰٺú歷Űѻδһɽ֮ǰ˵˳
һ̫ʼźȻϮȷʵ˲أһЩѵĵӣʱв˱ץȥĳ˶ץˡ
歷̾ҲǣΪҵٻ֧֮ǰλ֧Ѳ֪ȥ԰ٻؾ棬Żʧ
ȵȡ
ȥʵ˷˵̫ʼǰԪģѾ˲ɣǵĿ֮һǾۼԪĴ
歷˵˵ͷӦˡ
ɫ΢΢һƸɣۼ֮õ۹£̫ʼţʲôƺ֮ǰڶǸʲô½ңЩơ
ڿ̫ʼţǶ½ңƺָʹǣǵı󣬱Ȼһ


0593 ֿ
ɽ棬ͻδ붼˳˼һ歷˲ֿڵϣƴٻȣһܷ̳ڣǿʱȥƴȻ취ٺĳǾȳδ룬Σ
δµҹѣʱҲֻˡ˫üλܹ˼ͺˣ̫ʼʲôԼѾ󣬲ˡ
ҹԽԽ¹˽ϣ·ֶ˼ֳ⡣
ʱɽ洫ϸϸȴСȥֻСȻɷףȫǺˮҲˮʪˣģȥʮʹࡣ

歷΢΢һ첽ȥָļϣȻڵĽַˡ
ôˣ
δҲ˹ȥֻС亹˫۽գȥϷ
ҿ
˹ȥָĲϣһüѰܽɣ佫⣬Ǵ溽طȵܽһ
ڵĽȷʵ޷ҽ溣ӣҲ޷ڵĽ
ֻ򵱳ܽʱ̫Сʱû˸ðȥ⽣Ϊһ壬Ȼ£Ҳˣֻʱƣ⽣һһɢ
𣿡
ܴ˿޷⣬ѧһҽʱȴʩ룬ڵĽʱѹȥʹЩʹĥ
С
歷Ȼһֱ룬ʱ㽫ȡ˳Ҳԥʩ롣
ֱҹʱڵĽɲűѹȥ˳˯ȴʱȻһƺߣɫһ±ò԰ס
ôˣ
δǽŵؿĹʩ룬ǣ֮ǰơ
û¡
ҡҡͷɫָˣ֮ǰƵԵʣͺˣ۹½Ԫͨʱһˮɵ˾Ѿˡ
歷˴ʱƺʲô
ʱûˣȥ濴
˯ŵ˿漴ȥˡ
ɫһĴתתһֻӢͷףϪˮмʹ紵ʱصĻַ赽Уһ͡
²֪˼ģշơ
ص仨յһȥʱзأȴʲôˡ

ʱȻһŮӵתȥֻ歷Ჽ¹ѩ׵·ϣƸһ㵭ɴ
ˡ
ڣ֪ԭδĵӣҲԽԽ͸δˡ
歷˹еӶΪ歷ˡʵδޣģȥҲֻʮͷǻδĽ㡣
ţǡΪ𣿡
û¡
ҡҡͷʵֻΪ죬Ե۹½ʩչؽĹ󣬶õ۹֮ʮԪ񣬺οʩԡؽδгܲסҲ֣Ȼͻָˡ
歷΢΢ͷٶʣ˵Щʱգˡ
ˡ
歷һЦмϪˮ˿ֻعͷʵ˵˵ȥ½ҵɣ֮ģ
˵ͷ歷ˣҲûʲôģ㽫ȥ½飬һһʮ˵ˣħڣʮָħħʮ飬Ҳ˵ˡ
֮歷˶סˣΪõɣ֮δ룬ô࣬˵ʱƵһʲôħڣﱻΧɱţѾܹǾĶǵĻˡ
û뵽ɣ֮ġ
ã歷ЩƽʱкȻһ˿ɫ̾δ뾹Ȼһжˣгһ
Ҫܾʹ࣬ûЩҲá

歷û뵽˵ĻֻгһգδվЩʧļһʱǷ˷ǣǧʱ׺ɣڣǷǵãһС
ӳĬã歷˲ʵҪһȥƴ𣿡
ҡҡͷʱȥˡ
ǵģ룬в˶ҵ㣬ǣ𣿡歷˿
һϪȥصЩˣվֻʱ㹻ʵ࿹ڣάȡ
˴ͣתͷ歷˵շδȻƴȥ̫̽̽ʼţκϢҶᴫѶǡ
á歷˵˵ͷһСΪϡ

գ歷뻨δ뿪ʮ֣ƴȥΪע⣬˷ʮ飬ɢС
ͬУȥ˷ķҲۼ˲֮ʿ֮ǰʮֵ飬ֵ÷зڼ˶֪ˣʮնɱ̫ʼŵˣõĵ۹¹Ž
ڣ̫ʼһĴһ棬ȴԪһΪݡĵطչһ۽ᣬŸɵǰȥᣬ֪Ρ


0594 
ʱȥգЩ죬һЩ̫ʼŵ飬̫ʼڵݿ۽ᣬĿƺҪǰвǰȥᣬȴ
˶ĿĴ棬ţ˶ڲ²⣬ŵǧѻȥݣ̫ʼһ۷֮
Ͼδ̫ʼģ̫ʼ˵ͽܣΪ֮ߣûĸɵĵܹһâ
һʱһ̳ܵĹųǣֻеֽ̨ͤ¥󣬷ӵɹڡ
ʶһɨ֪ǹһʮߴΪ֮ãЩ죬Ҳɳ֧ţǼķ
Ȼǲݳķ֮أ߾ۼ֮أȻһ
ʱǰߺȻһӰǸ׷ߣϢֱкϵΪͣԷĿԼϣʵкָ̣
΢΢һЦҼˣһ𡣡
Ŀ΢΢һǳ˵أ˲κνкϵԼʵǣ
ЦǽݳǣҼˣǽݳƺס
ԭ
΢΢ͷȴ룬ĪϳԼˣƶԷʱʾãȥȥҲ޷˵Ǳ·
롣
һЦ˸ơ
Ƭ̺˳ֻǽߣٲȻ̨ͤ¥ҲõΪ˼ˣѰ֮
һĴǰֻһµ󲽴˳Ц紺磺ˡ
Ŀ΢΢һ˼Ϊ飬Ժȴ޴ӡЦƺף룡
Ѿ߶˹ƽȷʵÿͣƽƽ˭óӭһʱ䣬ѾǶе档
ҲûԣȥУƺ׿Ц֮ͽ鴫ĳ˽յüȷң
һϳԼֵ֣ǣΪζԼ飿
ðһʣΪϵ£

ƺͷһЦ֪ǰ壬
塭
΢΢һԺһ¸ֳ˵ʱĳʱɵΧĪƺ׵ʱҲ
ƺ׼ʱ飬æ͵ǧĪҪᣬĳһӣǴ帰ᣬĳʱҲǸձȥһ£һ˶սɸ֣ʵǽĳ˴۽硭
˵ֻ࣬һ㣬ƺײ޶⣬ǿܵԼڳ£ԲԼϡ
ƺЦʵ֪˴ݳǣк£
ӣǲ˼˵Լֻ·˵׼ȥݡ
ݡ
ƺ΢΢һ˵̫ʼŵĺڵݿ۽ᣬ˵ʱѾɵˣĪҲҪȥ۽᣿ãĽȻܴ
Ŀ΢̫ʼţ
մӶ½Ǳ߻̫ʼţʵǲ˽⣬ܹʳһ֪֪ˣٺòá
ƺЦɫںϢһҹĳ˵˵̫ʼΣ
ĳݣ˱֮ڴˣǷ𣿡

ƺЦ˵ǿĳˣħţֻҪݳ֮ˣô㶼ĳ˵ѣ
߽ѣ˽¼䣬Ҳû˶ķˡ
һƺ˵̫ʼŵ£ԭ֪̫ʼţһţ֪ںδһ֮С
̫ʼŵʵͬСɣǵʮǵʵ̫ʼŵĶ澳֣ǧе쾳֣ڶ
һ磬ֱҹʱŻؿͷʱڴ棬ƺ׻ûߣֻ˫üɫٲƷյԻǵˡ
ڵģո̫ʼŵ飬պֻ鷳
ʱǸ˽
ƺ׼߽ɿüͷҡͷ˵±ңΪݳǲΪԱҾ˵һԵ޹ݳǣȻΪһ£龪һˡ
߽ЩС˵ţʮǽڣĹŽԻ۹¡ഫ̫֮һ˽̫ʼű֮ȴ
۹¡
ƺ˫Ŀ΢һչüͷߣҡ˵޹أ뽭ݳ޹أһߣɶκ𡣡
ġ

峿㼴Ǳƺףݶȥ֮ʱ䣬ִܵ
֮ҪȥݣΪʲô۽֮ĿֻһǱԵ̫ʼŵˣȥǰץЩӣѴѶȥƴ歷˺ͻδҪؽգҲõˡ


0595 ĳ
磬֮ĵݣǴϹʱڴǻʹڣмֶ֮˺üΣּؽֱǧǰǴħݲų׷˵ƣǶĻʹΪ˳
ҲˣҲݳǣʱգȻһɸߵʯഫսݵһλŴ
ݹлǺӣڹһǧദһǧദĽͬʱǶ澳ĸ֣ҲδعýԶ֮ǰĽݳǿɱȡ
һģĹŵ۳ǣ൱ڶ½Сˣֻѷƣֻһĳһĳн죬ҲŻΪ
˿̣ڶĳڣֻǻֺݵĳȻջʹļӰӡ
ʱڴϣֻ̻Իͣڵ֮ϣһ۵İ׷꣬վŮϣվٹһԼʮˣʱͷĬĬ
ǵİ׷Ҳüͷϳɫ˲Ǳˣǵݵĳ졣
ãżߵվһµİ׷ߣ˵̫ʼڲ˳۽ᣬڻҪЭһһһˣԳ֮ǸõΣ
֪Σ
һʮֲãһ´վˣָŵһ˭ǲ֪ʦ֮һӣʦŵˣ˭ȥǸȥ𣿡
Ŵԣߵϵ˶ͷĬŶò´ˣǸǱֲ֮̿ﻹȥôһˣ
ߣ
һ䣬˻ȥѹЩ˲ãԭΪԶԪķ֮أԶЩţҲãħҲãǵ޹أĳ̫ʼȴƫƫ޵
ʵڲŵԪɵ棬£ȷʵǽѣȲԸ̫ʼţԸ
Щ죬Ѿ˲֮ʿԪŸɵˣҲķɢˣΪ̫ʼϸ¿ġ۽ᡱ
ٴ˳ĬһոǸ˵¼ȻѾҵƿطΧҪȻȥλ̫ϰɡ
λ̫ϡ
΢΢λ̫ΪĪ⣬Զ֮ϣ£ȴЩѰ죬˵λ̫а겻ھĲ֮գֻ´ʱȥš
֮˲֮գǱڲ𻯳ɣǷѱȵѣǵô׵ģ
ʱڵݵĳϿգֻ죬м֣Щڰϵĵ죬ǵݵķ󣬶֮ϣǼΪ䣬Ʋ˱֮һ죬ǵϷƽ£ɾһ㡣
Ƿģϲģֻ̨ͤ¥֣ɹڣһ¡
ʱһͤͤУ㣬ϵһ㡣
ǵݵλ̫ϣħУܵûи
ֻλ̫ѿƺ쳾£һֻΪɣϵǲȥġ
һΣ̫ʼŵݣѾ££ȴúܡ
ӡˡ
ʱһµߺȻۣҲһۣ˱˴˶ӲȻո߿еˣָı
Ȼ£ʲôˣȴúܡ
һ߲ſڵֻҪѵŪ췭ظȥɡ
Ȼ仰ǴһΣҲ˵ͷΪˣҲ˵ǶϾκμɵ緽潭ԣȻɵˣҲҪɵӼ֡
ʱϳŸոսвã͸ӦһʶӹʶҲʮȻܹһŵʶƵĸ߿ϡ
ʶȴ޷̽ǵȸ߿֮ϣǱһ裬ʱͣǸ߿ȥΨ죬ӰԭҲǲԻոһʶˣΪ֮¡
֮ʣǰȻһЦǺǵλӣҪס˲ˣ㣬ɾûзˡ
عԭȴߵһ¥ջ棬һ¥Сƣڳк


0596 
ɫȥǾ¥ջȥһ·ϣС飬ЦŵСƹòҲΪĵ۽
һۣʵ۽֪٣һ˵ţһߴȡӵ˹ȥ
ǻƽӹӣһ±øˣЦӲС湫÷䣬߹ӡ
ֱʱǻƲŰ۽˵꣬ԭ￪۽֮ˣ̫ʼ֮ͽĺһΪɲ⣬һܼ
ʱ˲ɵ֮ˣȻûһɵˣܹϹеģ֮ڱ˿νʮֿˣһﶼѲ̸֣±ߵĵˣж߲
ڽʱĺȻԣպҪչյġ۽ħ˾ǰ롣
һʱ䶯Ϣһԭ˲䴫Ԫǹǰʮ챦֮죬ֻиݶ
ҹĻȻ£վڴ̨ߣгһƬҹգӰԶ

죬Ȼ˱ǰЩոˣɽ˺
ķƼȻⲻ˳ͻΣֻҹֹڳ˽Ҳڳײϵķ
һգ˶гȥˣ˿ҲϢг
гһɸߵĵ֮һ̨̨һѰɾ޽£ƿ̷ƣΧİѾ޽ҪԵһЩ
̨۽֮أһ̨֮ˣն˾޽֮£յĵ۽ĿԴ
Хǽ̨֮ϣֻȻһӰһüһɫӡȴ͸߷а
˿ֻ֧Ŷͷ˫ţµȺۣҲ޶á
ˣĺиƺţ񡱡
֮ȴҲʸ񵣵ƺţĽֻһݣǱǡ
һϷձ֣ж񣡡
Ⱥ۲֮ʱȻһХƳգֻϷ򣬺һŽ̨ȥ
һ۵ߣȥϣֱɢȥΪ֮ߣȻǻ֮
֮Ƿ˫ŶĺâԪ˱Ȼĳɵʦ
ԽԽȻĺȴʼղԶһ㣬ǧɡɡʮɣ
㻹䣡
һ֮ʣĺ۾һ˫ɫ۾أµ
񣬶ʱһδȥֻĺָһӣһն顱һһ½Ѫ˻ȥ
ʦ֣
±ʱһӰȴһµ޺ĺһۣҪȥֽһѪصʦñȥ˱СҪ
ĺһ䣬˻ȥ˫ۣصһ
񡭡ø֣ʦֵ˲ţձҲһ
ʱԶߵӰշϢΪҲʮ֮ߡ
Ǿһϣ
ĺ˫һȫԪһһϢ𵴳ȥڰоһΡ
֪ҵģֻܽ޼ֹ
Ȼĺ˿һĹƣȴ࣬Ǿ޽δ뿪벽ֱʯ䣬ˡ
һ
ĺҲδʣնһ㣬ʣҲԳܣԱ˳ȥ
˭
ĺһȺûã˷ȥȻЩȥսˣ޲ֱãһܹǽ֮ϹĽûгʡ
۽ˣЩвǳߣһˣû˸ȥսȥ˵УֻһҲܲ
ȺþһأȥսˣĺǿһЩվҲֻһڳģֶޣһȥսӮˣҲʧ棬˵ĻǾ͸޹ˡ
˿ʼһǴ˶֣Ǻ֮Уǧѣ˭ܹһ˷âǽŵˣƺû
˵һ𣿡
һ԰ˣ
ǣһŵ𣿡
˵ôղħԿ
ȺԽԽԭ˻ǧѽջݣģڿʼջˡ
ĺȻڽ֮ϣ˫ۣȥ˲֪ãȻһ紵еĽһ̾ϲ
ڡô
һɲǣĺֻۣ۾ǳѪǶİɵ֮һҲ


0597 ս
̨ӿһ˲䣬˶еһĪϢеĽҲϲϷһϸ΢ڲ
ô¡
˴˿̶ȫȻ֪˺£Ϊξһѹ֮УԭգҲȻһ±ˡ
ڵǱߣ
ʱȺ˾˳ɵȥֻǱߣȻһӰնԽԽϢ֮УҲԽԽأ
ǡһ
ϳߣ˽̤գһ˲ɣٿȻ˽̨ǸոڵǱߵ

һʯǧˣȺȻǧѣֻɵٮٮߣ˭˴ĺ䶯ΨһˣȻ˿̣һԲڰա
ô
ĺͳֻ۾ҲѪһ죬ʱڽ̨ĸ̫ʼѰ֣ǵյ˿̼ȻˣЩҲڰж
ʱԶһߺȻһҲ֪۽ΪʮȴҪ
УȻֻŶ޽ϵǸˣûаָ飺ǣġ
仰ȻЩ˱ںδĺһЦҪ֪ôǽգͷߣ
䣬ӰƿնĽڳʣһѺɫԻ񽣡
̨ϢȻ֮䣬ѸǽϺ棬Ĺ˲ұӣֱˡ
أԲɽȻĺĽٿ죬ȳʶ£Ҳ޷δ׹ٶȣƽʱֻӰһбܿĺĽƣָһĺұ۵ȥ
׵һǱ֮ƣһ֮ˣ͵ػ̧Ʊ
ָ˾з֮ƣȻһƲ㾡ɢ˾һǿĹ
û˿ԴӽĿ룬Ҳ⣡
һȣԪپ۽ֶɱĺһͳ̵Ҳͬʱһ˲䣬Ҳһѽֻǽ޷âȴǱһ㲼ţڲ˽ķâ

һ죬һˣʱֻ˫Щ飬δվȣһߣĽѵ
һۼһ޳ֻĺԽԽͣҲԽԽһһǱƵΪӪֻС丽ܣȴʼ۽
̨˽ϢԹۣ·ǿһ֮˱϶һ㺹ˮۼĺԽսԽǿԽսԽѵһҲ
ʱԶһ¥ϣվһ׷꣬мߣǽ켸ˡ
ˡһô
˫Ŀ΢ǰֻδˣһҲ˵ʲôоĺΪ֮ߣ֮ͣ˳ƽҲ֣ĺ߹УǼΪס

̨֮ϣĺͣһһͻ֣ںɱ¶һ˿ء
±ѿĿѣۣغ֮䣬ǰ˺ü亹
ȻеĽȻɶ

һ죬ڷֿɳʮɾ룬ֻĺ˫Ѫ죬ɭɭЦĽʣûаֻᣡ
Ŀ⵭ȻһӣϵĲȻţûɿ֣ҵĽ׳ʡ
۹±޽ʣнʵ̫ף۹֮Ҳ׶ãòʩһһ㽫ס˷ڸסڱ塣
죡
ĺһȣɱ
Ȼƾ䣬֪ڽʩʲôֻǸ߿ƲȻֱϮȥ

ĺһ콣ʱɱˣ㻷ܣ档
ÿһ㽣Ǽ£Դһ£³Ϊɱ󡱣ǼĽǸոĺԪʩųġ
һ£ȺǱðˣ˶źһŽ̨棬ԭΪĺҪʩɱУû뵽棬ҪһɱλҲûôˡ
ȷʵˣĺн֮ƣǸոնôãһһƵ·ˣȴףԼĽ˲˶Էڸոһ˲֮ʣʩչɱ󣬽С
ģһ˶˽ҲδӵóˣһأһҪ


0598 
ĺЦΪͽܻжԭҲӲɱȡڣлΪѪˮ
˻Σһ˵֮ʱֻǲ㽣ȻѪ죬͸һɸʴϢʴȥ
һĻ˵꣬ɽҲס󷨲Сϳʴȥ
˿˶źϵ彣󣬾룬˶ýҲûʲôɣĺȻ֮Ϊ񡱣տʼһһһնˣǲ񣬿ȴýס˵ˣЩɡ
ʱڽ棬ȻȻصΪʧȥ֣ôʲôҲˡ
ڻ֮ʣ֪ΪΣĺȻеһһ˲䣬ֻ̧гһǽ̳һһ½ǽˡ
ôܡ
ĺɫһ䣬ɱױƣοУ
ʯ֮䣬ѲƿƲɵ±ˣΪ֮һ
ۼԷһٶ̫죬ĺֻп񽣣һһ̨֮һ£ԽˣǱѪӿֹæסȥ
ĺˣƻھˣ˿˿Ѫܹ뵽Էûгʣ֮ѵǲ
˼δһնһɲǣ˶ס˺ղһ·Ǳ˿Ҫ

һ죬ֻеĽһ㲼˲飬ĺǰѺɫȴӦϣ
ۣ
նϣĺʱشһѪ˱ȥ¡һ졣
һɲǣ˷㾲˽ԲţĿ¶ɫǰѽѵǴ˵еĵ۹¹ŽǰʮֵĴţǱˣһ㽫ĺĿնϣ˷
Զ¥֮ϣһ˾ǵȥǸΪһħգΪС˿ֻԼûѡԷΪС
ڰ֮ʱȻ䣬ֻ˷һ¶ӰٲȻ̫ʼ⸽ĸ֡
Щ˳֣һ˹˵ʲô۽ħ˽Կ룬Ȼȴڴ˴²̫ʼĿģȻһô
ôãô
ɱƽ߰սȴˣһʱһХ±ߵ˫ס
սһ֪һɱΪ꼰˴ʱæȥԶ˽̨
̶Ƭ̣ɵˣѾ˳֮⣬ǽֻ̨ʣ̫ʼŵˡ
һ̫ʼˣǧ֮࣬ΪͣΪ׵߰˸ߣز¶
һµ۹£ԶϾȥһ۵վ˳Ŀǵͳÿ¡
۹£б£á
䵭ԣ̫ʼţȻƲ֪ΪΣĸоȴǣ̫ʼҪɱǽΪ۹ºʮ飬۹ºʮ£̫ʼҪɱԭ򣬸ֵһᡣ
ԭʲôĪǡԼйأ
һɲǣһֵͷȻԺҲͬʱһ˲䣬ߵɱкȻ
ײĲᣡ
ƣңֻȫָ֣һƶʱŴӰէ֣֮죬ȴһʧġ֡
ܹһУ¼κηܴӹ֮У˲
ѵǡǧǰѾʧĿ֣
Զ˽һȻδ֣ӹżȴ֪һʱʩչʽżйڿֵļһģһ̫ʼšĪǵĹɣ
ۼϮ֪е۹֣ҲóȻУɲ˲ɲǼ˲ƿʮɾ롣
ֻ顱һжʱ̳ߵһǿ̨֣±һѾ޽Ľˡ
̨ϵļѾ޽ʯ죬ǧ棬ȻսұȥΣ⼸ѽȴʼڴ˴Ȼ񾹱ˡ
ɼ֮֮˱ôһ󣬿ԪҪ鲻ɡ
ۼǽ̨ϵľ޽飬Զ˽ԸеһǹɵͨôȻ
ߣ
һߣһ̧һпץȥһƸֱͣ棬ֻٴչɲܡ
Ȼһδȴܵצ֮Ӱֱ޿ɱܣߵĿֲʩչԪһ⸽գҲҪ顣


0599 ս
֮ߵĳйɣһ̤վǽ̨Ľ֮ϡ
Զ˼ɵ֮ϣһǸ¥ϣһɵ֮ϣ̫ʼ˵ĿһŹҲѱˣ
жʱڵѪһ㣬⼸Ѿ޽ԹڵǧأѵվҪ˫ɱô
ڽ֮ʣȻ䣬ϱƳɱңٴһ˲չֻצֱץȥȻһΣȴܲˣĿ֮ʱϵӰǱ紵ɢһȻӰȻʧˡ
⡭
ŶȻӦ˼ƣȻȴѾˣɲһӰıȴĪһ㣬س
ʦģ
ʱ̫ʼŵĵӾ˳һæתȻֻ֣ǰһҼ򴦶ʱһ֮ʹֱۣһնȥ

סϱ֮ѪȪӿһ˳һͳ顱һʱѪ׹ȥ
ʦܣ
һĿѣһ˲ɹסʣ¼ˣԣ׷ʩĹ
һߣһͭӣϵŷޣ߶Ӹһģʱһ㣬ֱȥ
֮һоԻΪ촷̨ۣڣľʯ¥һ˲仯ΪС
Һ⸽ˣȻ˲ңʹǴ˿վԶˣҲ˫Ѫӿֹֻæ˹סɼ֮ͭ
һߣȻϸ߿գһ̧£Ӱʱڰлûɣ·Զž֮һ͵سѹȥǽ̨ĵ棬ҲܲסɿȻѿˡ
ɱȻȴʱһսΪߣ־Ȼأδͷų
ʱԶŸɵǿʵ󣬵ŵͽΪ˺εȿµľ磿
⼸̫ʼŵΪɲ⣬ͬʱӭսˣȻ࣬Ϊ˿ɼ𣿻˵ǰõ˵ʮǰȻ˼ľѪħЦ죬Ѿо
˴ʱڲ²⣬˿̣ɸ߿գһɵĸվͤͨ󷨣ؿŴʱ̨һС
ף˵ӷѰ֮ˣᣬ裬ʵǧѰһλʦܣô
һһߵɱӳֻأȷǳֻܼʽ䣬ﻹ͸аΪаĹĪǴоľ
顭
֣΢΢Ŀ⣬𽥱Զһ˵ǧǰλħʦһоȻǧȴϡλʦܿɻǵãλǰǱڴˣĲ֮գΪıǱҲԪ֮С
Ŵԣ˶΢΢ףһ߲￴ȥ˵֮£ֻˣоգŽһȷѪꡭ
ˣĬˡ

ʱ̨֮ϣսԽԽңˣһһزȥףһһƣ˷ɳ
⼸ߣǼԵķʩɱУȻˣҲȻ޷¡
ʱ̫ʼŵĸҲǽյĿȡۼսãλʦ޷´ˣٿ䣬ʴʱ㾡ȫ
ɱ̨ǽǧ˵ΪԶߣʤ˶࣬һȫȻҲͬСɡ
Щһ£Ӱ˲ɣ֮䣬ֻ˿Ѫҷȥ
Ҫ񣡡
ȻһӰȴ͵ߣƷ輫ߣ̧ƼǷӿʱƣǬȻԶߣеһϡ
ۼϮ򶨲ңһʱת˼£˲γ
ЦĹ˿ħаʵ˶벻֪⹦Ϲʱʧ湦ħ˿մϱߡ
ʱʩչһһ˵֯һ𣬱纣֮ɽ֮ᾣνƴͬһƣ


0600 ɥ
߱ѽȴû뵽ԷͻȻʩչƷҪתΣȴƲһƴ̱ʯӣֻеԷ࣬һƣԷ׻ȥˡ
ľȴûɢߵ֮ͻ֣¡һʱѪ˳ȥ˳͵һ˱Ȼ
ߣ
ֳͭӵĻĿѣȻ͵һƴӣǴӱʱɵ˰Уתһ·ŴȻɥ洫
ɥ಻ֻԶͷĿѣҲҪȥһæס˫ʱԼˣñɥȥǡ

Զ¥ϣһǹĽ죬һ̧˵޷̫ʼŵɥȷʵ˴໤Ҳţصġ
ֻУͭԽתԽɫתڣһԭϵκޣʱҲ˺͵ظڤȻɥ֮һ³ѹȥ
͹޿һ㣬ϮɷģԻɥӡǼķŴӱǵظ֮ɻȪ·ڤһѹ£̣Ȼɢ
ۼȻҪ㿪ǻչǰȻԳһΪߣͬʱ֣顱һ˻м䡣
һ˲֮䣬Ǵһ½У䡱һ𣬽ѹ˽̨֮ϡ
һ˲䣬Χһȫ˽Բţһѵѹ£ҲӲˣ
Զ¥ϣ켸Ҳ΢΢һ󣬸ղ̫ʼôˣòһˣһΣ汻ѹɥ
Сӣؿ㻹ܡ
ǻɱ¶˫ֲϽӡҲһţֻɥܶʱһ
ǺʱʱѪã͸ȥһʱ䣬̨֮ϣʹڴ죬ҲͷƤ飬䡣
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ؽѹɥ£ǱҪڣɻ꣬
ǻȻ͸һɼĺɫ˫ֲϽӡɥӸ̱øˡ
Զ˽Ըһ䣬̫ʼŵδҲ̫ݶˣһڣɣдʵ֮Ϊǵ治ӱ
ô죿
Զ¥ϣһµ˫ü壬ҲŽ̨Ǳ߲˵ݲδ֮£һݣ̨ǽ̫ʼŵģʱŻ᲻Ǩŭݣ
ٿ
˫üʵǳѽ⡣

һֻɥܵѾȫ棬ĺһԾɵǻߣոĽһնϣƽܹ˴裬ʱ˫Ѫ죬𣿡
˿̵ƺֱ𣬻ɥӵ£ûлĿܣٹһ̣㽫ڡ
ǾͿϧˡ
ĺͳһ˵꣬Զȥ֮ǰʩչֵ߱һնұۣΪأҲ˲ᣬټһЩˣ˲̶ͬȵˡ
ʱһµ߷˹ݺݵǽ̨ϵɥӣʦ֣ܽһƻǳնһۣô׾ͷŹ
ɫ䣺ģǽڣҹɣ֮ǱҪʹ򱶡
Ǿͺá
ɱɭȻһֻ߻䣬ǳʲô⣬ʵʦ֣ôˣ
ȵȡ
Ŀһֹͣ䣬һɲǣɫ쳣ˣûܹɥӵ³ŹӣԻᱻʴΪѹСӵϢڡ
ԡ
ɫȻһ䣬뵽ʲôҲͬʱһɲǣɥӵºȻһ죬Զɵ˶һֻ棬ȻѺۣҪѿһ㡣

̫ʼż߽һȻǿѵɥӣϵ˱ʣ˷Ӧֻ䡱һӶʱķѣ˿
ֻ̨棬˫Ѫ죬£ƣǵʴȥΪˣ


0601 ܻ
վڽ̨룬˫Ѫ죬ƣһĻʵ˸е¡
˵ȱʣ˵̫ʼŵûϵԶɵˣδ뵽ûбɥӵʴ˿̷ȥǿ࣬˿£
ô
̧ƣֵĺɫ䣬һɲԭʧˣһ˲䣬ٳʱǻǰ
һ̫죬ûκ˿һ죬˲סǻߵĺôԳζɡ
һ˵꣬˲ʩչ˳ʱˮ̣سӿȥ

ֻһ˺ѷεĲҽǻһ˫ĿԲ𽥱ڣҲúҲûκһ˿Ϣޱʴ֮£Ϊһɭɭ׹ǡ
ʦ֣
⼸ߵʱĿѣһȻʼһ㣬ǲ
ĺҲûϵ˾˿ֲȥһ䣺ӣ
ڡ
շƱ˺һ㣬һ´ļﱻٻ˳˷·һһͣ˿̾ƣʵľ

ͳֺֻȻûɫһ½ĺסˣڤһ㣬ĺȻΪٸߣҲ벻ˡ
գλ°ɡ
䵭һ˵꣬һƴ£Ӱʱûɣһ½̫ʼˣȫ棬ǼΪߵߣҲˡ
ʱԶ˷ȻӰһģȴ̫ʼŵˡ
ֻˣһµϸˣһľȣɫ䣬˰Ůӣ˲Ǳˣǹ˳Ĺȹ֮һȹ
ˣǸ°׷ӣ˫糺죬кɫۣȹ
ˣǸƮƮòŮӣΧõ棬ǵιȹڶ棬ǻδ歷ˣԼ¹˸ˡ
Ȼôˣ̫ʼЩ˸һ̻̲
Щˣȫ£
̨һȣȫȥ˿̫ʼŵѾûзֻ֮־ܣȻǼ߻֮£Ҳˡ
ܿ죬һǧȫ£δ˽̨һ·˹ȥּɫ΢΢һ䣺ᡭ
Ⱦʶˣոɣʵȴ֣ɥڤ֮֮أǵУ
ڻҶӵϢ֮ǱֻڵɷձȻɥ¡
Ըղţգڣּʱͷ˳ȥ˲޴󰭡
Ƭ̫֮ʼһǧȫ˽̨ľ޽棬Ĺȹ޽ȥƣһǧˣҲѽˡ
һŭɫݺݵصȺħҵȷſպؽ޴ӣ
¹һЦ֮ô˶ࣿһ˵ţһߵ歷ԣʵ歷ˣЩˡδ
歷û˵ͻδǱ߿ȥǰ˳ָһˣ˴
¹ԣһ죬һɳʱ㽫һ˴ǰ˾ʧؿ㡭
صȥǵˣ˻֮ڣ
˻һ޽汻ˣҲٶԥ˫ָӡ˲仯һԶʷȥˡ
عͷǾ޽浭һۣ˵Щˣʱɡ
˵֮ʱԶŸɵ˺Ȼ߶ˣһɫ۵Ĺȹԭˣþòƺһû塭
ߡ
һߣľһбһۣ䲻ȵصˣɲǷϻģ̫ʼ֮ĶԹλ޹أʲôˣҿǸɣ
һԣҲʹħƺ̫ʼ֮ĶԹڴʱ֣а̫ʼ֮ӡ
һֳֳİµãôˣ㣡
ߣ
һߣľȣߵ歷ߣȥЩˡ
ʱԶһ¥мӰȴǽ켸˹ˡ
⼸ǰ°׷Ϊףʵ֪ǣ
΢΢̧̧֣²ţǵݳ졣
ԭǽ
΢΢ʩһּ⽣̨飬¥ˣûųİգ˵֮£ʵĳԸ٣ĳԸе⳥
޷޷
æ̧ЦˣӾ˫յüͽʵһᡣ
ʱգʵԸٽʦ֮ϣ̨һۣתֽٽＸ졣
пЦϣǴߣҲҪˣ£Ҳٶ˵ʲôˡ

ҹһбϣ̨ӳͨ歷⸽أˣȫˡ
˿뽣̨ԶĳһͥԺϥ˹ڲһһƳ⡣
ҹʱȻһϸ΢ĽŲֻۣ¹£δ벻֪ʱԺ
ЩͶ٣ҹȥϢվδҡҡͷ˯š
һɫȹ¹һ㵭Σᴵߵ˿ʹȥȻˡ
˵ƺ飬㡭
˵˴̧ͷһؿΪң뿪𡭡


0602 
Щ飬벻ˣͲȥˣǵ̫࣬δһ¡
˹ȥʱ¹⣬Ҳ
ǡ
δ˫ü΢ĬĬתͷǽǱһ𽥵ήĻ˵ܾǰұʧȥ䣬ô룬Ҳ벻ˣٻ꣬Ϥɾ벻˭
벻𣬾ͲҪȥˡ
Ȼ֣ϣδ̧ͷһ̲ܣֻоģЩ΢΢䣬Ϊλ
ǡǸ㻹ǵã븧٣ˣӦҵ𣿡Ȼʵ
ԭô
ǰȡ֣Ҳ֪㲻Ҫ⣬㣬㻹ǵ𣿡
δؿ֪ΪΣȻҪ
ͷȻǵá
Ǿͺá
δҲ˵ͷֵ£㶼ѾӦ𣿡
ǰ£Ҷˣ£ҲܴӦ㡣˵š
£̨ϣδҪһ˺úûȥ
á
δٴε˵ͷ˵䲻ǵãǰҪӦҵĵʲôˣȻûдӦǱ㲻һŵڣС糣ҵģڣұҪӦҵ¡
ԭֳôͷ˵
δһӣ˵ҪӦңۺʱεأ㶼¶ҵǰ棬̫ʼţ㱻ʴҺһĺ𣿡
һ˵תͥԺɫ˵ɥӵӰ첢󡭡
Ҳܡ
δǿü֮ҲҪٴΪðգȻЩҲǵˣǣҲ֪ΪΣÿο㣬ܾúϤÿΣҲ֪Ϊλʹ㴫Ѷ˵Ҫݣ˹;һ˯ˣμˣ͵ҵǰߣμĸңԼȴˡҾͿޣſžˣ歽ˣôˡ
δ롭
תоӯӯ⣬һɲǣĺȻʹһ£ɾʹͻȻɫһ±ò԰ס
ôˡ
δȻɫף˵ˣæǰʱҲȻеĿһʹɫһ±ò԰ףֻеһͷĿѣǰһڣʧȥʶ
δ룡
ĿھʹֽһĿɾʹøң˫һ鵹˵ϡ
δ룬ѡδ롭
žʹһһ㣬Ŭȴֻеһغһ͸ȥͥԺĻݲҲһ˪
ԼĿҲȻһʹʹ֮ͣ˵˹Ҫվѡ
һɲǣ˵ӵĻֻжʮʱ䣬ʮڣ޷ҵһһ޶Ĳ֮ģʱɣ޾ȡ
һŵӵĻĿھʹؽδ뱧Ųǵȥ
ڶ峿歷ų£˹δ뿴֮޴󰭣ֻǺȻε˹ȥΪЩձ
ʱ£ֻǡƺȥɫã歷˼ɫЩãʵ
޷û¡
ҡҡͷ˵Ļһ£ûи߹κˣ溶֪
ʱȥ죬ʱ򣬻δת˹ԱߣʶҪ֧Ǹȴ
ˡҪ
ȥδ濴˿Щһ˯˼գ
졣
ô
δŬǰ飬Լʲôʵأ
ڽ̨Ǳţٹգ̫ʼŵӦþˡ
һ˵ţһˮ˵գϢǡ
̫ʼš
δӹˮǽ³ԹǱȻŹˣֻģǻˣĿǰʵǳ澳ĸ֣εΪɣֻ¡
صġ
˵̫ʼųҶȻԭ򣬶ԭȻʱ֪ʲôأҪɱҵԭ򡣡
ǡ
δһü˼һݣʱ󲡳ȴȻһ¾뵽˶Բߡ
ˮڣǡ

ʱֹȥգһգģ̨ŰĻҶ
ʱĹȹѾ˽̨ͻδҲˣվڽ̨ǰߣֻ̫ʼŹˡ


0603 
˿Զֽ֮ʧȥƣҲһ簲ڸ̫ʼ֮飬Ҫ֤ݲ
һЩɵߣķεɢˣҲûߣȫԶߣƿһ㡣
ŵʱȻģʱķһǿϢ͸˹ֻǱƲ㷭ӿֹһ³Ӱ
Ȼ̫ʼŵˣֻǲ֪˶٣ΪߵǺεΪ
̨߽棬һǧ̫ʼŵˣ˿̼ԶˣǾһ񣬷ڿ˾һ
Զ¥ϣϷһƬӰҲ˽䱸ûãһƬӰͽˣٲȻ̫ʼŵˣΪ֮ˣ˼Ϊȥɲߣһֳȣӡ

ȵİӺĺ΢΢Щ仯ҪȴǽƽţҲˣһͷƫˣȥǰӡ
ǰӴʱҲ¶һ˿֮ɫĿϣԷô
δǵأģ
ʱǰӲע⵽ɫһϣɶԭҲ˾ò֮ˣһЦżᱡôλ˶˵𣿡
˵ᱡδ벻ŭЦ˵
Ҳŭ΢Ц˵ʲô
δЦ㲻𡣡
Ѿͷ˵ʲô
ʱǰм˷˳δСȴˡ
㣡
Ǽ˸߳ŭǰȴգֹס˺漸ˣʱȻŻδ룬΢ЦøСˣգǿɲ˶ġ
˴ֻǽ̨޽Ĳƿȥ˷ˡ
ʱ歷վ˳ǵ
ҡ˵ˣֻҪ˷ˣǵˣȻƽ£ڣҪȷˡ
һ½סˣ歷˹ֻȻһ̧һѳݡһ˲䳯ĺȥ
ס֣
һ߾˳ָһһ¿磬׼ͣĺǰղֻҪǰһ㣬Ȼȡĺ
ڳ̫ʼŵˣųһ亹ǼߣɫǱòҰѿ
ټˣʬ˺ÿһ̣ɱһˣֱΪֹ
䵭ǲһ˿顣
ǰӵһЦ򶨴ݣһҡȣһߵЦˣɱһˣҲһˣɱˣǵˣҲûһܻ
һ
ȻٶԣŻ£һ𣬶ʱһХ֮ĺɫһ䣬ʱȴǰȣ̨ϵļȴǱǰпȥʲôǵ˴
ԭǰӣзʵ̫ʼţֻһţλȨȵĳϣͬλˣĺŵͽܣȴλһͽܣͬһ˫ƽЩ͡
ʱ˿ֻ̣Ȼ΢Цţɫȴһ仯ҲûУɱһˣҲɱһˣɱ⣬Ҳͽȫɱ⡣
ˡ
ʱһȴһԶվ˳ֻһӣһϹֳʱ˼ٵӰЩˣǰʧֱܵӡ
ٸˣ֮ãʱȥ㲲歷˺͹λڣӯ
歷˼㲣ϵʱ˪ߣˣ
Ҳٶԣٴһӣһɾ磬ʱȥ歷˼ǰһµŮӣʵΣûж
Ůӵͷҧ촽ҡҡͷ
歷˲ԷģŮӣץȥ꣬޾֮裬Ǻã̫ʼżȻڼҲ
УѾˣǣǲҲ÷ˣ
ȵȣ
δȻոڼ濴ֿңҲûҼĳˣˣȥأ
ʲôˣϷ˵ʲôʮˣһ࣬һ٣ȫˡ
߿ص
ܡ
δüһĳûץߣôˣᶼ
֪
ʱŮӺȻ̧ͷδ뼲˹ȥ֪𣿸ңǶȥˣ
֮£˵Ǳܵһգҿһ֪ĺڷ磬һ¾Ͱٺĳλ˾ˡ
ڷ硭
δ˫üһѵǴ˾˾˼ˣܣôأԪ֮Ҳ֮ȥ磬˾ģֻ˭


0604 
ڣ÷˰ɣ
ǰУٴδ̧ͷһۣղٶԣһ죬¹͵ιǽ̨ϵĲƴˡ
һѸ֮һǧȥĺݺݿһۣҲԣȥˡ
һε飬ꡭ
һߺݺݵ֮ǰǼ棬ɥӵĻѾʹֱֵ۱նʹˣ
ʱ㣬͡
˫ָ˵ʱҲδһۣԶɵǰһĻ֪ΪΣʱ˸
Ǻǡ
һЦ漴Զȥˣʱδ봫һ仰ˣסҵ֣Ҳ֮䣬һһľ
ЦԶȥ̫ʼŵˣҲʧʵƲ
̫ʼŵȥ̨һֱˣֻз紵ʱǵϷҶϷɳɳ졣
ѹȻģʱһȻƽ󣬳ˢŽ̨ЩյĺۼˮߣֻЩƵĽ棬һȫǽۡ
ˡ
ԶΧ۵ߣҲҴҵط꣬һ±ʮտֻʣսĺ̡꣬
ˣҸطɡ
̧ͷȫˮҲʪˣûлδ歷˵Ĺˣ˿ȫվڽ̨Уδȥ
δ룬߰ɡ
歷˻δߣδ룬Ȼﻹţ˭ץĳˡ
ԽԽˣδҲѱˮʪ͸⣬Χվںˣ֪ΪΣһɲǣȻһʹ
뵱꣬ΪδǸʱ死СڵСһ·߼񵽣·죬Ҳôꡭ
ǡ߰ɡ
δ뿴ܵˣᶯ˶촽Ȼ˵ĸ֡
Ƭ̹ڵӲŷӦȻһ뵥ϥȥ׷湬һڣ
ڣ
һŮӣʱ֮߰ȴ˿ѷӡ
ԶһЩ¥棬Щûȥ˿̨̽һĻ룬ŮָʲôĪǾҪɢô
̨棬䣬վԱߣʼգδ˵һ仰
ľȣߵ˻δǰȣַǰŻδ΢΢ԸΪǡ
Żһ˵꣬Ҳһ˹һ˫ֱȭЧҹ
¹͵ιҲ漴˹Ա̬Ƿԣٲ̫ʼŵѹ
ǡ
δ뿴ܵˣ֪ιʣȻһ歷˹δ룬߰ɡ
꣬һ±ҹҲڵδ뿪һʱڷˣ歷ͥԺ棬ϴգ˵գЩӦѾȥ˰ɡ
ԡ
ʱҲȻԺ˳歷תȥԴɻ󣺡ǻʲô
һֻ̣ɫأŵݳķ˵һģΪߵˣֻ˲δǣǽϢڲصúҲӦ󡭡
Ϊ֮ˡ
ôһ˵歷Ҳ˽˵ΪߵˣĪǾǶ澳ĸ֣뵽˴е󼸷ֺ
ӦǼɵмλΪͬɲˣˣûнǡ
˴ȥսǵʱ򣬾͸ӦһʶƵУȻʮĴڣ򲻻̫ʼΪ֮˲ɵǡ
ô죿
歷˽üʱδˣüչϳ֣üʵôˣ
δ롭
歷ȥɫصص̫ʼŵ˻δȥ˿̾ڳţֻǳȥǵУΪ֮ˣ˼Ҳ֡
ô
δɫҲһ±Ȼܹһ¾йؼڣµΣʱֻڵݣһȥ̫ʼűȻʱ˫ʵ⣬Ӳ
ǣǳҶ
歷˺ͻδȥ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷϵȻûн֮£ҲϲŹң޶ٹϵҪˣҡ


0605 Ѫ
ʵ֮ǰҲʲô̫ʼŲ¹죬䱳ҲʮأҪɱԭ򣬾ϴʮ˫ͻ֮£Ҳֻõ˵۹½֮¡
Ҫɱԭ򲢷Щ£ȴЩ£ʹ˫ǲˣ̫ʼڵδסڱȻ沼޵
Ϊ֮˱ɿһ̫ʼϧգҲûκء
Զʣ˵ٹձ˷գ˷֮ҹ£ʱɳҹȻ뿪ݡ
أ
δԽſ˿˵ҪȻһߣ߲ġҲ¡
歷˿ȥ˵Ȼ˷»ʱ򣬻αװǵӳǣǵעһǲ˳ǡ
歷һ¿ļƻüʵҪȥҽ𣿡
˵ͷĿǰʱֻд˲ǣһȥʱŵǳȥҹϳǳȥңʱһǣǵȫߡ
ƻ֮󣬻δ歷˶˳˼ã歷˲ſڵ¿Ҳֻˣֻ
˵˴̧ͷ֣µصһҪСģҲԼҪ㣬Ŀƺ򵥣֮䣬Ҳϵ
ģ֪
˵ͷȵһϵʱϢ˵ݳ䱸ʮɭϣΪЩ飬½Ҳģֻܹõݻָƽ
һ鷿﷭ľȻһڴΪȻѲ䵽ԺֻǺ˵죬ҹδκνƣ
춨һǵ߽Ӱ֮󣬲һ㶣㡭
ĳҹóȻǵѣĪ֡˹֣Դ˿̽еǡ
濴˿ѹ˵
£鷿㽫ǰĿ˵ˣ֮΢΢üʵԸ˫֮˱ڵȥĻҪ¡
áĳ
ûа취òӦʱ˼װˣȽ̫ʼŵҹʱһߣڶ̫ʼŷ֮ʱѾԶʱҲõ
ˣлˡ
˹֣ЦֻϣΣݴʲô
ƻ̶֮ĻסĵطһֱȵһжռƻУѾһǧˣʱαװ˳ǣȵҹʱˣϳǳȥ
һ̫ʼŵ˹Ȼˣȵڶ췢м֮ʱδ歷һԶ֮⡣
ʱڵȷظֵϢѾԶȥ֮ʱ߳ǣ̫ʼŵҪĿ֮󣬱Ȼ۷׷ɱ
ȥʱ䣬һ·ϣһЩټΪ˽̫ʼЩȥ׷ɱδ歷ǡ
һʱѲ֪˺δԽߣԽԶԪķ֮أǰǱڡ
֮ضЩɽ֣ЩطǧȥǧǰǴΣԪŵħ֮ħʦִܺħɱرЩ֮أȻܹħٲӰ
٣ĺɫɽԽɭɭĿȥֻľ죬ʯޱ޼һ㣬Ҳ֪ɽߣǷͬʮһʲô֮ء
Ȼһ𣬸ֻӰƼ죬˲Ϣ׷ϢֱֻͨĻߣڵݸӦظ֡
ôôôҼǵڽڣʱ˵ҪɱңҲҪ澳˲ô
ͨͨĻߣе۹֣κһ˿ɵοǰ֮ˣֻα񣬻ħڣ棬ЩһΪ
һͷȴ֪񻹸ҴԲѣ
ɫɱ¶δ䣬ֻ˫ּһȻһѪɫĹֻѪӭһ·Ŵɷɷ֮͵سȥ
ѪͬСɣұҲһѪʱһ֮ʹ֣һ±øɭˡ
ѪϮ֪ΪԲСɲһչ˲Ϣ˿ȥѪȴǶһ˿̾Ȼ׷ᡣ
һݣֲССα֮Ҳԭ
ѪʲôΪԼ˿̿ǷֵѪӡеĿڷţЩͷĿѣֻԼһЧһԣԣ⵽ô£


0606 ɽ
غԽӸе̣ͷĿѣƺѪԵʡ
ѪʲôѪɫӡΪԼˣͷΣ˹Щˡ
ת˲䣬ѪִХͷĿѣæ֮䣬ЩѪС
Σ߱˴˶һۣһ˿֮ɫӡһʱѪʢ˲仯͹Ѫڣ磬һ³ȥ
һΣѪøֻͣŵһʱеθ﷭ֱŻ
ɷɷɷ
УѪת˲ȻһһԾֻһ㣬㱻ѪУʵǾ
߼״ɫһ͵һΣѪǱÿ£Ѫ֣֮͵سȥ
ѪѪɫӡʱͷĿѣѣһɲǣ·ȫĹɢˣƾ
ۼѪɶǧһ֮ʣȻ䣬һճѪֻ͡һѪһգǶ̫һðһ̣ȻΪ˻ҽ
ѪΪҽҲʱش͵һˣһɲǣвɵ¶˾ɫ
ѪΪҽ֮ǰǹѣθҲʧˣȫĹһɲǼˣֻǸոǵ⣬ĸӦǵʦöѪ
Ѫ񵽵ǺΪڹؼʱ̾Լ׷ȥ̫ʼѪ
Ȼ£ȴûйʱȥ˼ѪǺһ˲Ϣѳ߹ȥ
ʦܵģ
ϮʱûǹѪܻղǰ޿֡
ֻ˼һԾͬʱƣ顱һײʱеֱһ飬˶󵹷˳ȥ
˾ǺȻһδվȣӰѼվǰ棬׵壬һƴؿڣʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥǺһľײϡ
ɫһ䣬ʩչӰٿȻ顱һһͬشϣʱѪ˳ȥߵһ顣
ԿһɲǵޱȺ䣬һˣ˿ֻĿ⣬Ƕ׹Ԩֲ̿
˶ˡ
ǼΪ䣬һ˵ţһȥ˵ʱһɫˢһ±øΪ԰ףȴڳֵζ
һѪȻղһƣ䲻ΪǴֻλ϶ˣһܲģѵ۹½ɡ
۹½ô
΢΢һһ̧նסĺõ۹½ؾôҲϻ˵׷ɱҵĿģʲô

߱סЩˣԭɷ׵ӣҲǵͨ죬Ա߶Ȼһһɱӳ
ʣ׷ɱҵĿģʲô
ԽԽˣϵҲԽԽˣ߼ǿҪϢѵصֻǷ¡ġʲô֪ΣΡҪץˣڹṬλϡ
Ŀ΢΢һڣᣬӣڵݣӦɼǿϢӦڳϺ᳤ˣҿ棬һѾﵽ澳ˡ
ܵħصʮ꣬ϴڽڣϹż۹ԪԵʹΪǻ˵վδδЩͨ
֮޵þŰУɸ֮ơ顱ߡ족˾Ӵ˱֮һǶ澳ĸǵ֮
Ƕһ澳ĸ֣ûκΰոʤԷе۹֣ҲԲ붴澳ǶԷҲȻɵеĵ۹½
˼֮ʣԶȻжĿһ̧ͷȥֻ棬ȻʮӰ߷˹Ǻ滹ûиˣʱ֪
棡
һ·ȴûпڵϵߣ˳ֱʮĹ
ֻ߰˵ɽնǽ֮ľʯһнԻΪ촷ۡ
˫Ԫһ߱жȥ˵ʱŵûɢæ⺰ס֣
ǽȴѾղסˣ¡¡һ죬߰˵ȫն˵ϡ
϶ʱնѪ죬Ѫģǻһ죬ֻԪ񶼸նˡ
֣¡֮ףԶȥ̳ɢ֮ʱȴѲӰ


0607 
ʦܣ
漸Ӱ˽Ϊһµߣ֮ǰ˵ʦ֡
һߵλʦʱɫһ˫һѸעһԪԻ˵ơ
߼ҲŻˣæȡ鵤ҩιȥ˷˼һֻǽ˵֮أֵİꡣ
һ
ǺĿѣݺݵʧɽƬ̺Żعͷλʦʵոյ׷ʲô
˿ѪŬ˵ϸǷ䣬á
Ƿá
Ŀ΢΢һһɲǣʱɫѵһĺˡ
ʦ֣㡭˵ʲôʲôһ塭ΣѵΪ˵۹½𡭡
Ѫϣղԣʵ±ЩˣͲ׷ɱĿʲôֻΪ׷ص۹½Ҫ顣
۹¡
ЩȻҡҡͷһˣȴ£۹¸㲻ʲôԭˣֲãںλ϶ðճˣǣǡ
˴ָֻǿҪѪһ޺޵ص֪пһˣȴʲôҲûǣʲô֪ǺǣǺǺǡ
ʦ֡ô졭
˿ɫɷ׵صո䱾Ƕã֪ôһһ¾ͷΪ˻ҽǶЩܴ
⡭
Ǻٴһһɲǣ뵽ʲôɫȻһ䣬Ȼ˻ȴɽֻɱ֮
߼ɫŹ֣ʵʦ֡ôˣǾʲô
һ̣ɫʮˣ˵λʦܣǻȥǲٹܣԻλϣסǷ֮£ɶ𡭡
һ˵иɻ󲻰Ȼʦֶ˵ˣ˱Ҳٶˡ
Ǻվӿȥ˵λʦȥ;顣
ǡ
˽λʦ壬漴ɽȥˣʧıӰȴһơ
ʱֻһ򣬺ȻƲ㷭ӿһǿϢ⸽ɽҲһ㣬ԲʮޣԾֶߡ
λϡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬£Ӱǰ
ˣһ㣬Ǻ߼֮󣬵ʱһæΰݵǧڡλϣ
ֻˣһ£һŰ£뷢ףһ˵ɷǣʹеӣһ㣬ҲҶһ¡
ڹӣұߵİߣṬӣ˵Ϊһ鶴棬һвһԵҲ붴֮
ʱϵһ̯Ѫʵŷ£Ǽˣ
ڳ׿ʻֻеЩ̻̣˵ոյ׷ʱѾˣ˵ӵʦܡ
ŴԣλϾĿ΢΢һһӲſʵҸǷĪһҲû𣿡
λиĳϣ˵ѣֻʵ౨ʦ˵ã֪ôкȻճһʱΪ˻ҽ
Ŷ
ĿһʦӶһۣ˵᳤ϣؽܻأͽ᳤ˣȥɣʱ⣬ħŵɽǼ棬᳤ϳ֮ǰκڣûУ
ǣ
˹֣ٶԣȥˣ˶벻֪̫ʼ棬һ淨ǣδ˵ʡ
һߵӰ֮ӸӲŻعͷ˱˴˶ӣһɲǣһ˿ɫ
˿޷ɷǣǿȥЩɭɭ£ãӵʦ֣ô죿ӣ˹һˣдˡ
ֻɭɭ˲ǸôĻʦһ̤붴澳
ǡ
˫üһ壬ʶ˿ΧСһˣ˽Խ֪ˣֻǡ
ġ
Ȼɫ˵Ҹղȫȥˣ﷢²κ֪Ǹˣ˵κһ֡
á
̧ͷǰʦ֣һ˵ɫãŵһΣֲ֪лʦˡ
ҡҡͷѾˣʧܣԪؾ䣬̫֮£ҲȻ˥ˣһδػ֪ô֮㣬Ҫˣҳʦ֣׸硭
硭
һ̧ͷȴֻʦƮȻȥıӰ

һ·ɽȥҲ֪ʶȻѾоˣ޾ɽѾΪʮָߵˡ


0608 ɽħ
հʱһɽȥֻ͵֣ΰͦΣϼУһŴڴˣǧ겻
ϸɽ϶ͱڣһƵ±ϣһûУʱܿһЩޣӰɽﴩ
벻޾ɽ֮УҲ֮أˮ棬ʵ˷θ
ֻ£ӱ̫ʼϵ׷ɱĹۿɽ澰һȪˮߣ¼ڸȪˮ룬̫ʼžǺ׷ɱԼĿģ־ʲôĪԼйأ
뵽˴ȡһöѪֻѪ棬кէ֣֮ǰٻ̫ʼѪĺ⣬ǴѪճ
ϸ룬Ѫǵ壬ǴԼɽʦԼģΪÿζоѪԼѪ
˵ܻѪ񣬴δζڹؼ֮ʱԼϴȥ½ںϵʱҲǣϾ꣬ԼȻħӰЩԼ뺣ףҺѪһ½ǹŹʯѹħӰӣɢȥ
Ѫ񵽵ʲôΪξǣЩȥǧصħѪҲܹѹ
ΪʲôЩħӰӣֻԼߣ·ԼһЩȥǧصħ𣬾һֱԼһΪλˣ
֣ҲãǵŴһҹ٣һҹһеһУڶʱ޷⿪̧ͷ죬Ȼȴܹȥأһޱ޾Ǭ󣬽ܿܿʹǧħҲ벻ˡ
ҹɫȻ٣һһɽ壬ҹ֮УǱ޾ĺҹһһɡ
üѾȥˣδ歷Ѿ˳صƴԼҪ취˦ˣֻǲ֪ΪΣ޾ɽޱ޾һߣ߲ȥĪǾʮһô
㶯֮ʱȻ䣬ϢϢѾڲصüɽ֮УȻӲʶ
룬Ȼ̫ʼ׷һɲǣԥҹɫΪڣɲһչɽȥˡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣ⼸ʮСģڲסԼϢҲûκκۼˣȴԹ겻ɢһߵǶʼܹ׷ٵ
ûãֻӰղվĵط̫ʼΪߵĳϣӺӡ
ովˮջδɣӦδԶ
˫Ŀ΢Ȫˮϵˮգ漴ԶҹĻµɽȥһɲǣøΪˡ
ҲǳɽȥܶΪѷѰܱȣɽ֮żɻ䣬óȻʲô£ãܸоɽʲôʦ֡ǻҪ׷ȥ𣿡
ɽܷɹ̤붴棬ȫڴˣʱǣ컯Ȼһ̤붴֪֪֪֪֮޵֪㻹ԥʲôƵĿϡ
ʦһֻĪ˸̤붴֮ԣǼġ
԰ǰʼΪʼͻʧܣȻľԪֻһһʩѾ˥룬Ҳнɾ͡
ҲֻܵԪӤΪȻԪپֻأΪˣֻأ˥ȫ֮ʱֻܶҲˡ
һ;˲пᣬ㽵ãȻҴﵽ֮һ֮ں֮»ΪɻңҲʲôûˣ˾˼ɣɹʥģָҲ

˵İһƬɽ֮Уֻԭľɽ룬Ȼһ±ɷ죬Χٲκηޡ
ǰɽߣһ·ħһ㣬ʮֲֿ
ģˣһգʹƬŵأøӹļˡ
ס˺ȥȫϢСɽȶȥһ֮һĻ𾪡
ֻɽһŵЩŵɽϣڹŵΧǰ׹ǣһЩֵĲʯ
ʵǰ̫ʼ׷ɱʱ򣬾䷢ĹŵĹŵֹһ⸽ƵĹŵ±ȫɰ׹̳·֪ʲôġ
ֻǰʱ򣬷ǹŵܣʲô֮еЩԲѡһ̽
ʱĿһĻֱʲô̷ħϹŴħħ⸽׹ǣǰ±Ǽ֮
뵽˴ɵ˸䵱ħڣʮָħĽʮֿ£ȴʮָħĽظҪֲﵽʲôط


0609 ħ
ԽߣԽһֲħԽǸеѹ֣ԶʱֻЩħļŹ죬ԽһЩʱŷЩħԶѰĹ࣬䲻֪֮ãأǴϸѾʱġ
ģһȿ±ߣڵϣ±ߵħȥԽԽǾô˵ع죬޾ա
ӲյأǱ̫ʼһ·׷ɱܻΣ֮أǰһֲħѻɽİ׹ǣȥֻһȻ󲨣Ǳϻصʮָ
ɷɷɷ
ʱһ֮Ȼ洫ʱס˺ĿһԼԼħΧкӰζ
ֻЩӰħΧһδγħȥȴ˻棬ھʲôʼδħ档
Сʶ̽ȥ¾˴˵شħһֻһһ㣬̽ʶħ棬ŷ֣ԭЩӰûκϢӦλһĶ
˶λۼڴˣѵħʲô
ٴνʶħ̽ȥȻֻո̽һ㣬ʱеһʶһɢˣԭħ棬ĽƣֲЩλȥ
һأЩˣħ澿ʲôһٴνʶ̽ȥȻһ裬˺öΣһֱڶ֮ʱЩλ궼ʧˡ
峿ɽȣҹ￴ȥɭˣԭЩѻɽİ׹ǣЩֵĲʯڶĿֲ棬ȥʵ󣬻Ūһ
һЩʱһΣȥȫϢСɽȥһħǰʱȻħ֮ԼСһĽƣ˿ҲӦˡ
ҹϱ߿̽һҹħĽƣѰƣһΪ͵˴룬ôƾͻһЩһΪߵ˽룬ôƾͻǿһЩҲǣ֮ԽΪߣôƣҲԽǿ
Ϊ֤ʵ뷨ľͷעȻħͶȥ
һľͷһĽƣֱӷ飬ڶľͷͶȥʱȻ˲顣
˷˼ΣȷȻ²ΪԽߣҲԽأЩλ꣬ͬղŵľͷһǿһƣԻһ˲ҷ
һĻʮˣΪΪԽߣԽԽ룬֮ȫֵܹΪĽƣ̫ʼˣһж澳Ϊ˱Ҳħ
뵽˴ԥħȲħûʲôҲħǷͨ𴦣ǽȥˣҲܶܳʱ䣬ʱ䣬δز⾳һ㣬˲⾳һ㣬Ҳܻɹˣʱ޾ˡ
ΪѾֹǰǲܻ񣬶̫ͻƣ񲢷Ŀģȴ뻯֮󣬲ܴﵽһľ磬Ҳһپ
˻мʱȥͻֻʣʮˣҶӣһĿή
˼ˣħ𽥱Ҳһ̤ȥ񣬿ܾͳˡ
ʱ䣬Ǽ£Ǽ꣬統ħһʮ꣬ȳ֮ʱȻ᲻ǲ׺ɣһжϡ
ڣѾûа취ˣ̫ǿȥȫ죬ֻнħһ·ߡ
ԥȫԪħ̤ȥδ߽ܵһɿµĽƣҲͬʱɽȻϢ˽ֻӰһΣ̫ʼϽˡ
ǶҲǷ쳣Сû뵽ǲ֮澹˿ֲһĻ
Ƕѻɽİ׹ǣһֲħΪˣʱҲе𺳡
ʦ֡
Ŀһ·ħϲɵ΢΢һɹȥԱȴһֽסˣ˵ɷ죬͸һɹ죬СһЩмơ
ʦôһѣŸܵħ棬нϢһٶ㣬Ϊ˴ܱ𣿡
ͣ˽ŲӴ˿Խɫʱһˣֲ˻Լ׷ᡣ
һˣһԼĶԨ׹ȥʮҪģȻȻ¶һҪץ񣬾Ǵ˿
ӿҪħȥ棬Բ鲻Խ¶
֮һЦһ;Ҳ޷ǱǶ컯ѣ֮컯֮֮컯Ԫ֮Ҫĳ컯ȫĶ֮ҪĻǾðɡ
һ˵ֻ꣬һԾȻħȥˣɽϷۼħһɲǣʱɫ
Ψһͻ澳ĻᣬŻߣʱҲ룬˲仯һ磬ħȥȴǸĽжء


0610 
ʦܣ
ӶȻһһ˲Ҳħȥ֮ʱȴһɼصĽ˻ж澳ΪĽƣȻҪ
ֻħ棬һƴаɾ룬Уʱӣô粽УֻСһߵֿƣһ߻ȥ
ԭֻаɾ룬գۼܳȥĽƷͬСɣǿΪٸߣҲȻһ˲ҷ
Դ˿ֻ̣һǰУܿһЩصĽƣЩܹܵĽƣʹҪɽƣҲҪʱ䡣
¡
ʱħȻէ죬ֻǿһһٿس˹ȥݽƵУ޷Ա߶ܣֻ˫ƣȥӲס
飡
һ죬һ˫ԪһĵƤ⣬Ҳսˣʱ֮ʹ
ӾԶ˴ʱѾ˽ƣ޻ͷ֮·֮һĵΪ֮ϣҪܵĽƣȻҲء
¡
һ죬ڣһҲ˹ɫһ䣬ȻԪģ̧ȥֵףͬ顱һ״ϣʱðһ̣Ҳĸƽˣɢһɽ֮ζ
Ӷʱеһ֮ʹԭΪȾ磬ʹ˫ƱսҲеʹħĽȴǷͬһ㡣
ۼһֽҲ룬˫ֽӡһ¼һѰ׹ɽΪıȻǳҪֵħĽƣȻ𣬵ȫ١
ޱ𷨣ħ̫أҪ÷ֵ˵ɾ룬±ʮɾҲδسŵùȥֻǽˡ
¡
һ״Ӽɽ顱һ״ɽ棬ѽʱһĽһ˼֡
ʱǰ棬ͬһײϵĺȴκηǲ˵ˣóף۹½̫ǿֻǻƸأҲó
һ׺ֻƾȥֵܿ죬׽ѽ˫Ƥƽʹǳܳܡ
ǣÿÿһ뵽֮ܲԩ£δԩѩÿÿһ뵽屻ٵĻ棬һ뵽ԺӺһСأڻƻµеʹٱ

˫һӲ׻ֻ˫ֱѪ죬Ǽӿ˲ħȥһҪܵĽҲǿ࣡
¡¡
һΣֹ׳Ϯڤ֮𣬻Ľ˹
Щ½Ƿ棬ûһ˿־ģϺɫڤ֮𣬻һѪɫԴΪ
ӿϮʱɫһ䣬ȵСӣͣ£ǰߣɣ
Ψһ붴澳ĻᣬҲΪᣬմħŪԼѣһУֻΪ˶ȡ컯ʹԼһ붴澳ѣһʲôҲûˡ
ʱǰߣȴţһ·ǰٶȺĽƣȴǷͬСɡ
ں濴þĶǣһ׸Ǳڤ֮Ϊҽֻ߱ն÷顣
һ˹һȻͣ˽Ųǰ߷ƹԨһ㣬ֹǰ
ںͣҲ˿ԥʱɽǰȥ
ʱħ棬ɫصؿ棬ħĽ̫أҲȥ
ЩӣϧΥжȡ˵ľǻԪðճҲһֲΪֻǰһ붴澳
ڣħƣҲȥһУֻпԼˡ
ʦ֣Ҳʧġ
·𿴵üʱӵĿ⣬ӽҧأƴԪסֿΧĽƣһ׷ȥ
ʱǰߣҲͬԪ壬ǰȥɾ룬δʱңԶħƣ˵ǿҷ𣬾㲻ᣬ棬Ҳ޷ȥֻһĴ粽ơ
ʱ䣬ʱվڵ⣬һҲδ뿪ÿÿҹĻ٣ЩλֻۼΪЩλ֮
ʱħ棬ڿ촩ɽˣ˦ʮɵľ롣
˿ֻںңңȴ׷ȥϾҪܵĽƣҪ࣬в³


0611 һɷ
ડડડ
ŲԽأֻЩҡҡλΣգƤҲһĵطƽˣʼѣŧѪȥʮֿ¡
ʶҲԽԽģֻ۾𽥿ʼǣڣҲ֧Ųסͨһ˵ϣصĳ
Ӽεټǰдϲӿٶ׷ȥֻʣʮɵľ룬ĽԽԽأɽѾʮأʮɾ룬ûа£ǹȥġ
ڵϣѪȾĵ棬ʶԽԽģ˫Ҳˣ֪˶ãߣһЩϤİ
תᣬ컯
˭˭ô
ĪΪʦ˵飬Щúúõģ㽫ǷˮϪǱ㶳ˣ
ʦʦôģģΪʲôΪʲôʲôҲġ
һһѣ
˭
͵ۣǰľ󣬽ֻҹĻɭɭֻص˵ħڣ
ˣ
ǰһŽӣۣǰ֮˺󣬲һ૵ô㡭ǲѾȥôôֻصˣ
Ҳ˵ʲôǴû뿪˸㣬ԭϵڼ飬˴ͨҪȫ
ϵ硭
ɫһԲԣѵ澭һУֻԼһѵԼû뿪ħڣô
ϵ粻ڼ飬ѪˣѪ˲ǡģ
ֻһδ㿪ѱһضʱѪӿ
ǺĺڰȻѪӣɭɭЦǳȥģħڣн޳ڴˣûܹųȥһѺ۱ʵѾˣԶǻڴˣȥģ
ˡѾˡܡ
ɫɷף̧˫ƣԼôѾˣδ롭δ뻹δɣ֮ûȥҲ

亹乣ʹǹѵƤ˹ԭħ棬ħƣԻĵĹ֮
¡¡
ֻ棬ɫ磬һ㣬͸һ壬ǰһȻٴףǰ򹦿һ񣬻ɾ룬ܹħĽˡ
ܡ
Ѫʶ˹ȴټֿƶУֻһһ㣬ǽȥһ·ʯ壬ѪȾˣһѪ
¡
ɾ֮ǽִһȴشϣʱϴѪģһƬڡ
֮ʹþǽȥ¡¡һһһ㣬̶Ƭ̼䣬ǽ˴ѪģĿģ
һСС۶ܲԷǻ޸ʲôɣؼˣ
ʱ˿̣ȻȻʦǵɽǰ
ܡ
Ѫ۾ҲѪסˣǰֻһһ㣬ǰȥ
¡
һ״һθǽͷ¶ˣ棬쳣Ѫȿ¡
Ǻ棬ӺӶסˣû뵽ӵ־˾˿¡
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0612 
ħֹֻһף˺һ㣬ŭȥҪǰһУͨͨ˺ѣ
һĻǺӾסˣǵӣҲһĻסˡ
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Լǽƾͷʮɾ룬µĽѾ˿ˣºҲǸλãҪܵĽǸأ
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ͨ
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ļҲκˣû֮Ҳû΢ĺ
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ʦ
ʦϲġˡҡ䡭
һ˲䣬͵۾һɲǣɢߵĺ䣬ĺ䣬ҪԼĺ䣬ͨͨɢˡ
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˾ĶǵһĻӣӣԸеһϣ˶סˣö޷ֱվħһȥӲȻ˹
뾡촩ħĽƣŶԷʱأܳɹȡԷΪ컯һȶԷָʵûκĻܶȡһ˵Ϊ컯ˡ
뵽˴ٲԥ𷨱ɽٴγͻһĽơ
ʱǰߣֻҡҡλε߽ǰǴԭǰ֮һʯţʯһһʯҡ
ʯҳĸǶһǺ˵ϢζڶϽ£ֻһӰȥǧأҲֻʣһãԾ
ʯңҲûˣһȥصĳʹʯǺ˴̱ˡ
˲֪ãʯﰲֻһãһȫսİ֮ˣţȥЩ졣


0613 컯
ֹ˲֪ãָһЩʱ̧ͷŶ治ԶǾãǰȻҲһһĸ֣ȴΪοڴ˴ȥ
£ȴû˼ȥǰǰǺεȷոմǽ߳һؽѣͻΪĺʱ
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ֻеʱһǰδе֮ɲǼ䣬֮޸ңȻһ壬Ϊ
һĸоǰδоǴħصʮ꣬һ֮ʱָоҲûд˿֡һĸоǸʱǡҡʱȴǡΪҡ
ģЩڹѵƤʼһһ䣬ȻۿɼٶȣȫµƤɱһˣʼòһˡ
˰µʱ䣬ʱϵƤѾȫһ飬̥һ㣬ǰĴˣҲٲһ˿ۼ
ʱʯ棬˰£ҲڴؽƣһףԼķɽһ١
ʱֻȫѪ죬ΪĽˣҲֻЩƤ˰ˣǰ֮ˣЩ˸㲻ʲô
ħ棬⽫һʼδ뿪벽Ҳδ˴ȥΪʼһţֻҪʦӶ컯Ȼܹһ붴ֻ֮֮ࡣ
ʱħ棬Ųҡҡλεӣ˫üԽԽһ̾һУֻܿʦԼˣ޷ٶʲôˡ
ʦ֣ġһܹ컯
ӽŲǣһѪһǰʯȥƴ˿̣ҲܸܵʦȵĿ⣬䣬ʦִһУֻܿԼˡ
ʹˣҲʮСǰʯŴ̽һȷû֮󣬲Сȥ
棬Ҳ쳣СģǼʯң붨ʱһ㶣ͣ˽Ųס˺ȷԷʱ޷֮סȫϢСһһؿȥ
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֮ʣȻĿģ˾ţиϲܶ˾컯ǵܹһͻ澳ĳɾͣǲɹ
뵽˴̰Ȼ¶һɲĺ컯Υ֮Уߵĵز䣬Ϊͻ澳Ӻʱѵȥʲô壿
һɲǣֻ˫۽죬ħһ㣬̰ͺҲڲزס
Ȼ䣬ֻ˫һ̧ͷߣ컯Ĺ֮ʩչϣܣ𽥳һ˿˿ĺ
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뵽˴־ϲһ±øҲǺȥ
϶ȡΪ컯Ԫһֻ̣ЩԭĿĵ˿ڣʱȬˣƤϵƣҲһһʧϱù⻬ϸ壬ڷϻͯ
컯ãü
Ӵϲ˫ʩ̶ͣƬ̼䣬һͷ׷Ҳˣԭƶѵӣʱ࣬ʱģ
Ȼϲʤ֮ʱԭġΪ컯ȻֹͣˣȻƺбһ㣬ȻǱߵ˻ȥ
ô£
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ﻯңһǬΪ
һɲǣȻ۾һȻϻ˹
ס֡ס֣
ϵʱ״ոն컯ʱȫ˻ȥ컯һʱȻܿƵϻȥ
ܿ죬ЩȫصϣڷҲһ±ףʱ϶ѻƣһĿҶȥǱ֮ǰӲˣϻٶȣڲͣӿ졣
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ʦ֡ңʦ־ң
Ӽź̶Ƭ̼䣬ǲһݶʼˣͷҲһأȥһˡ


0614 ͻ
ʦ֡ңʦ֡ң
һźʯ洫ȥĶʱ֪£κʱȴȥֻԪħ洫ȥһӰԴȡʦ컯ȻһһΣȴͽ޹
ĺȻϴһΣҲżˣӲʦܣҲϣΨһһˡ
ʦܡס
ǿħ洫ȥʨСѣɷͣһ̸Źʦܣӽʦܶ˾Ϊ㣬֪һУҶԸ㡭
Ȼʯ棬ţ˻ԽԽСԽԽԽԽ
ʦܣ
ħ棬ɫһٴʯﴫȥСѽҶ컯ϷȻһкҲؽ´׷ɱʱʮ磬Ҳ޴ӣ֮ˣҲǣ
Ȼʯ棬δһ㣬ֻʣԽԽʦ֡ҡҡ
Ѿȫ˻ƣԽԽħ棬Ŀѣ˫ƣǵнƴȥֻ¡һħһǲƣȴǲɽ˵澳Ϊǵ֮ҲǿƿĽơ
ʦܣסʦܣס
ȻһһƣϳħĽƴȥȻûãʩԺεͨҲǵнƷֺ
Сӣնʦ컯Ϸؽǽھڤɷ֮Уó
ֺݻҲ˵ˣȻʯ洫ĺȴԽԽԽԽû
ʦܡʦܣ
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ֻһѪħƮ˳һѪȻӵвƣֱƮ˹
ʦܰ
һѪƮӽ϶ʱݺ᣺˺Ϳ಻һǣȴ벻ܵܰ
ֻᣬ˫֣һѪ꣬Լü֮С
˱ѪֵܣһѪֵ꣬ܶĹ֪ӲһˣϧԻɢΪۣΪһѪ꣬˳
һѪ꣬һĵУɻɢҲֻأҲҪʦ
˿ʯ棬ֻȻΪһ߿ʬƤŹͷ˫ۣʯҵĶϣſ
Ѿ˫ۣԭһֻΪͻơ
ħ棬ȻܵܣߺáΪ֣һ㱨𡭡
һ˵ֻ꣬ϺȻü£üĵУһѪӡһɲǣΪͻȻǿֱǧе֮
ΧǲڵصԹ꣬һҲŵԶȥˣոǰһѪ꣬ΪȻǿֹʦֵܶ˵һż
һҲɢҪ㣬Ȼɢʹ򱶣
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еӲһڿˮֱʱľŹһʱŬ˵ڵˡ
ڡ
Ŀ⣬ʱҪɱһ£еӻֲ̿ڳϣô죬ﵽڵˡ
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ӣø£Ϸڣɱҵˡ
˿£ڵ˽ʲôҪĿģǽסȽס֮ȥʰڵˡ


0615 ݹ
ʱȥ죬ʱ䣬ʯδһ£ҲȥŪ춯
һʱ۾Ҳһִ̣ӵСӣҲһӣϷħˣҿǳ꣡
䣬ֻ¡һʯҾһȻ湥ħˣʱҲǵһˡ
ȻᣬӶ컯ɣ컯ĻһˣǱȻ֮£ֻǻȱʱ䡣
ߣСӣ㲻˵ĪΪϷ֪㻹棡Ҫ㻯ڴ˵׼
һδӵ˫ü΢Ծ٣ж澳ΪοǰӵѪꡣ
ɹпɽ۹֮һڻ֮ǰԲһѾӽ쾳֮˵Ķ֣쾳붴澳ֻУȴ֮
ȥϢȥ棬ӻ﹥ħƶԷʱģƺҳħ㣬ýǽǵеĽơ
ħѾã˴ôȥ˵ʱԼΣˣȻط̽̽ħ棬ƺֻһҲֻһʯң·ˡ
СӣٲϷ˵֮ʱסؽ
ٴδӵŭ룬ҵȥв裬ҳȥ֮ʱѰ
뵽˴߻ʯңΪ֮ƣֻӹħ֮ǰɹһЩ̫ʼŵ˽ǺħʱԼ·ˡ
ֹʱ䣬һϣȻʯҲϵĻҳ
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ĶԽԽħҲʱʱһ£˼֮ƣȴڲ䣬ǿݹŵǽϣԼԼƺ֡
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ĿһȷˣһȥǽϵĻҳ֣سǰ
ڴ˴ֻ֮ԸδˣħԴ˴ϣĲʡ
֣ݹǵסˣݹǿ˿ɻһĪ֣ǰ߿ݹǰ
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ֺһ֣Ӧڼǧǰʱ£ʱ޼ֵģĪǵǰ߿ݹǣ
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дϲֻղǱ֣дǰڴ˴Ϊʲôħħȴжϣڤ˼룬Ҳ벻ħģħ뿪
뵽˴һֻͷǿݹȥħʲôصλǰڴˣҲȥδ̫˼ˡ
ǹ¶࣬ǰǰȥȻҲһһľ֣ȴԸﶼȥú֮ҪĹ˴Ī
ĳĳȴ֪ħʲôѰлĻʹݼɣȴԸ
ǿݹǰ˰ݣԥܵ˽ȥ


0616 ħ谭
ܵһƬڣһɳʪζΪ־һЩֵֹĶϢͬʱͷųһ޵˿ɱⱻЩڵµĻš
ܵʮֳãҲͷڣͨܵˣ˶Ĺ򣬲Žܵڳ
ħͨħأԲע⣬ͻɣħǺҲҪħ
˲֪ãܵһ˿΢ķӹܵųз˵ѾڲԶˡ
һ뵽뿪֮أĽŲ֪࣬Լ󣬲ͷԭһɽֻɽĶڣѾʯסˡ
Ҳ֪ںδħжԶΪŪ̫ʼЩ˷ˣСǰ˫Ƶھʯϣתһ㽫Ǿʯ˽
Ŷڴ򿪣ǰһ»Ȼʣֻһ¸âɣӳɽ»ĺˮһƬξ覡
ԭ˴ȴһµм䣬±Ǻмɽͨһܵȷʵ˲أǻ˺ܴһ򣬲Ŵͨôһܵġ
ɽڴӭϰϰƢʱħþˣľҹɫеһĿ
δǣ»δȫΣգһЩͻħƣѲں󣬱ȻѰ
ħ֪жԶҪ뿪ȻһҲĵطĲһɹ򲻱˼ɵˣڴһȺϺзԣʱ͸ûʲôв
뵽˴ԥһ̤ʧããҹɫ֮¡
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˼Ƭ̣վһԣɽԶʤطҹҵôһŨ֮أδػҵʺϻ֮ˡ
УΪŨ˳Ϫɽĵطԭ˴ȪֻȪˮӿ̲ؼΪһϹϡ
ֻȪվƬ̣еһĿŨ֮أȪΪڴ˴Ӧ컯Ȼܹ°빦
ʱϽ˵⸽·󣬻ͬСɣһţΪ𣬵е˰꣬ΪʧشΪˣҲ޷
Сеĵͻƾ磬ȻгػڲͻƵģҲѰɽ󴨣֮֮ȷ㹻ȫ
ʱûκػҹڷ꣬ܳǴħڣ׹ǳǴߵǴɶһʮ񺡹ɣҲʱʱ顣
Ǵ˵һɱԣ֮շδԪҲ޷ٻڣֻܹ֮ǿ档
·ҹĻᴹһ½գɽӳյøӳξ覡
棬ԼصȪԱߣϥ£ɣʼӦ
Ҷ˷ļű߷ѿСȪˮ̶Ƭ̼䣬·ѹȥһһֵҲϡ

֪ʱȥˣϣѾ߰˲ɽȵ۳۶
һֱʱԭȴ֪ΪΣȻɫһףź﷢һƺߣǻУʲô⡣
һֻ̣Ȼ˫ۣ޷Ŀһɫףɷѿ
ѣֻԪʱһֻ֮ãã֮УȻһӰǵӰǱȴ˵Ϥ
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һ;ƽ̹裬ÿ˶ħе޷˷ħһ֮Ӵ˱ħһؽ٣ҪԼȹֱħҪΪأô
ʦҲйħô
ʱһСһже棬Ӻ棬ʦһѵҲħô
Ϊʦô
ָǰһƬƺӰ䣬ֻһˡ
㣬Ƿ䣬еħǶ
ûħ
ˣһħˣѵһ͸ô
ħͲóϡ
û뵽ӣħ֮أҶ᲻㣬ҵǺ뿴һ죬᲻˿޵ӡħ
֮ϣСһʦͻȻĬԣɫҲ𽥱Щ£ʦʦô˰
عŴʱٵһɫһЩ˸ϵͷ˵ÿˣ޷ѡĳǽҪߵ·ȴԼ˻оӣȾΪӣ۶ǵá

ʱ˿̣ٴλʦյĻҲ֮ƽʹħҲ޷ϢѹȸУص޷ǣҲֻһħѡ


0617 ʮ׷
ǰ޷ǣҲֻһССħ
ħһЦ˵ʱѾߵǰǾ֪֮˼ŻԭƺΪ˶ӵ׷ɱΪˣȥ𰡡
ǺǺǡ˵ǫ̂ϣ֮ܲԩһҹ٣һδˣЩޣѾжˣ
ˣһ֪һε飬ףǵ־ܶ컯ȴ棬ʵѵ뷴컯𣿡
ȫǳޣΪ˻ԲֶΣȻǲϵģ֮ˣ컯Ķô֪ĸͽȻǿ컯˳ᱻۣǺǺǡ
סڣ
䣬һǰħȥȻħϣħȴһɢˣȻģֳɭɭЦôˣ˵ˣһܺ棬Ϊʲôһ֪ЩΪǱڰӰ
Ҫô绯ħɡӴħɱ˭ɱ˭ټɻʲôʱͿԻȥˣѲطΪƽأ̫ʼţǽüȮǹģи֮ˣͨͨɱˣ˸㣬˫֣ѾմѪǺǺǡ
ħЦ֮Զȥԣޣٶһ㣬ÿ˶ޣǺǺǡһ㣬Ԩһ죬ǺǺǺǡ
ʧһۣǰȻʣֻصɽ֮УЩĲ񣬱ɹֽһɸոħǰ
ʵ֪ħԴĳޣֻҪĳһղħһմڣĳԽأħԽ
³һʱɽ棬Ȼһʶֱȥ޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܣ
Ȼһʶǡ
˿֮ǰħ棬⼸̫ʼ˺֮£ѾʱǵнƣɵѲ󣬵ʱŭѡ
һӵõϷѪ֮áʮ׷䡯ҲȻҵ㣡
ֻ˫Ѫ죬Ѹ̫ʼ˶Żˣǵӡλϣһ㣬ʱڳµģҲѹ֣ʯҵӵʬ
ããȪ䣬ʮ磬ӡʮ׷䣡
ֻģ£䣬һھѪָھѪ֮ϣüһĨɲǼ䣬һɹ֮ϣʶ˲䴫֮⡣
ʮ׷䣬Ԫ˼壬ʮ֮ڣ׷֮ӵҲӲʮ׷׷١
֮ǰ޷ʩչģ֣֮һ˿ԹһѪڣʶӴʱܹԴ׷ٵ
˿ɽ棬ǵʶ˲Ϣ顱һʱеһѣΣһɲǣǶͷϱһӡǣҲ޷
ûӵùʮ׷䣬СӣϷ㣡
Ժ·ͻȻһӵʱһʮ׷䡭ˣ
һ˲䣬Ҳ룬չɲȥʮ׷䣬˵˵ѣʮڣӶԶӶԶӶӶ죬ոջʧܣԪʱ׷ϣܻڣ
˵ӱж澳ΪǰûһѪ꣬ǿ࣬е۹֣Ҳû˿ʤ㡣
Ƭ޾ɽޱ޼һɽЩȥףΪԶ֮ϣһ·ֱǰӣգԷܹ׷ֻһ·ߣҪɽҴܣһֱŹʮΪֹ
ʱһߵɽ壬ɽûƶ˼ʱӵϢѾ𽥱ƽˣԥһ߷ȥˡ
ʱһ֮ʩչ˲Ǭֻص֮ǰħ벻Ȼܡ
ֻʩչ˲Ǭļ󣬵ʱȴͣ£ֻܼɽܡ
ҹƵ˷棬еֺ⣬ɹ˱ȴǹܲôˣʮ׷̫ӵģӶܹ֪˲ǬȾͨͱסˡ
ӴҲû뵽˾ȻܣÿοҪ׷ˣԷһ˲ݳǧ֮⣬⵽ʲô£
СӣӵĺǣҲӵ
䣬¹¸ԵɭȻһ˵ֻ꣬˫ֲϽӡ漴ӡӵصӿ֣һǧ֮⣬֮һ£ľ롣


0618 ҹ
ҹɭɭӦѾ׷ԭϷܣʱȴȻͷתȥǱɽҲܹʱ㿪ӵ׷ɱ
Сӣûпӵõ
ʱǺ棬Ȼƽ˫ۺ˸˸ҹǣﲻš
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ӣ
ɱڣһ̧һӰٿȻֱ֮ͣƲ㷭ӿֹ𵴣ɽʯѣ
һϮ֪սգ˿Ҵ⣬˫һԪƷһɲʩչ˳һԱߣ¡һ죬ʱ쳾ǽһɽͷ÷顣
˫Ŀһ״֣û뵽ԷȻ˹Ĺܹһԡ
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һߣɱٴߣüһѪӡָ֣üһ㣬һѪɳֱȥ
ɷɷɷ
ܶʱҹĻ֮£һѪ治йֱ֮ͷƤ顣
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ɷɷɷ
㿪ǿһƣѪٴδϮǰߣȻûһѪõӰӣ΢΢һĹа֮ӱȻ˵Ѫġ
ߣ
һߣӡһѪʱ·˵ĻǱ棬ϴ֮һɲǣûһѪɫӰ͵ſѪڣȥ
ȷѪа׶쳣Сӣ˫ӡ淨˲ӿֻ֣һɽӡɳʱ⸽յͨħԸħаɷž˵
飡
һ죬ħӡѪаϣϷ̡Ѫа֧Ųסһɢˡ
ָһջŶӣȴ˿壬Գȴ˺аҲǰ֣ĳʧܣձ
ֻڰղ죬ʱϲһѪȥа죬ƽɷǵǰ緶ˡ
Сӣɱʦܡմ˵أ֮
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츳ܹͬʱȫͬĹʵǧѵһҪĻǣһѪܳôʱȥˡΪ󻼣
һ˲䣬ӵƳһɭɱ⣬֪Լʧܣ򲻿Ǵ˶֣Էɱ¶ͣڴˣ˼ˣһɲչ˲ϢԶȥˡ
ߡûпܣ
һһ磬ٴ׷ȥһΣֻ˫һ̧֮ƣƺɽʯֱȥ
δȻеһѹϢ鼱֮£ֻü۹£Ե۹֮Ӳһơ
䣡
һ죬ɽͷԱ÷飬ʱ쳾е۹֣Ҳֻеȫһ𣬽ŲĲȣȥٿ˫֣ھղһѣѪ˳
Ǭգ
һ߳ȣһ۵ʱŴٱһ³ȥƾǬͨսȥ
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ۼɫ΢΢һ䣬æչɲ㿪˵ӵһκԪӤİӤԷ֮У˫Ϊ⣬ܷٳϡ
ӼԼ㿪һĳٴγֶȥֹȻѸٶܿ
˫ããɽ֮Уһ׷ϣһ߸չ֪ͨѾҹ
ֻŶӣ֪ǰǺδ˷棬ǰ棬ԼԼһϢ
ں׷˰ҹʱҲɱŨٴ׷ʱԣֱĶ֮С
֮£ֻһ·ɽʯѣ־һУһأ·ɶ㣬֣ǿбܿ
һ˲֮ʣֻǰĹ֪ʱȻһ̹һɹϢ·ǡͨڤȪĵ·һ㡣


0619 
ǹֵʮͻȻ£ûб·ߣҲǰʲôطˣһԾһ˲ǹȥӰʧ
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ֻһ죬ӵʱ⸽ɽʯ÷飬̳ȻȴƫƫûܹǷ̹âĹƻ
ļʶȻһʶǷȻڴ˴棬־Ǻδ
ĿΨҹɫããһ⸽׷ҹҲûע⵽ʱѾ˺δ
ǰ̹âͨڤȪһһʮֲĸоӳ˼ԥƬ̺ջǾһ֮̽ǰܻ

֮УܲҲֶ²ϱã죬ȫȻ֪ͨδ
һ·УҲǰʲôطֻ˦׷ɱӡ
˲֪ãȻһ쪹ʱʹø֪̹âҲ֪ﴵ磬֪ħϢ֮һҰ
Ȼݷõĺ޽ҪѣҲǱӡڵصĴħҪգһɿֲգֱģ
ͣΧһԪ
֮䣬һӰȻ׷һݣԣԪʱһУХ

һ죬׵һֽӡץȥ
ޱѸ͵һУһɲ֮ʣͻȻһ𣬳֮䣬ֻм䣬ȻѿһԨѷ죬һƬһȥס
Ӽæסƣոһ£Щĵط죬ʱ棬ԥ˫һ㣬ּƬصȥˡ
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һȣһߣһ˲仯â׷ȥ
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˵ش͸һɹ죬پݣҶˣ뿪
Ȼͣʱ֪εأȴһʮѹֵĸоӼȥˡ
ȴݷ˵ִȻһ磬ٿȻҲǣʦ˵
˵ûһ˿أֻüԪ˫࿹䡱һײԪ˫Ŀһа룬ƺ֮غСӵĹһ࣬ܽסɹһơ
Ҳ֪ô£֮غȻеѹ֣ȴƺøˣԪƽ࣬ô£
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Ǽɵ֮Ӳֱ棬˲Ϣܿתߣһƶȥ
սӵȴ˲Ϣ鼱֮УֻὣһԾ۹ǰȥ¡һһʯ棬ʱ죬Ծյرܿһ
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δϵ˾׵ĽֻǶ̶ôһϱѱѪȾ˳ۡ
һжӰȴѵӺǰȻһ˫һȫ˲һһֵ档
ƾ㣬ҲϮɱϷ򣡡
ԪһʱֻеѪڲֹһɱʧܣֻʱ󵹷ɻȥˡ
ݺ
ˣ˵Զûĳ̶ȣȴ쳣ŭת˲Ѽȥ
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ֻһҪӲһƺ͹ŽԪ˲䷢Ľʽ۹֮ǵУ
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ƴһĹƣȻһ˼һľҲһ˲ʩչ˳
УֻײνԣɽΪ֮䣬ֻеһ𣬶ʱһѪ
һ澳ֵվƲһţѲܿƣԨ׹ȥ
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һ죬һأͨҲֻܱܿһöһöѪ룬һ¾ʹ档

Ѫ壬ӶʱһҽУֻô̶һ˲䣬ֻһ±ϺڣѪҺ˲̣һѸȫɢ
ʶ㣬ʱ֪һ㰵дһɲǣҲ˲ˣϷɻȥͬʱָһ۵ȥסȫѨǿǻѪʱסˡ

˵һƴ£һˣǻŵ۹»סԪֻԪҲشöѪ룬Ӳƴһȥġ
ʱҲûκ˫ۻϣʧȥʶ·Ȼľ׹䡣
ȴ֪Ԩ֮£ʲôط


0620 
˲֮Уģˮ𣬷·ǰζֻı˰֪Ƿлء
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ˮ֪ͨδ֪ǷͨǾ֮µĻȪʧȥʶȸܲ˿̺ˮı䣬Ҳܲϵʹ˳ź֪δ

˵ӣǱԵ۹·ġ˽ˣǱľһֱһöѪۣŶ澳ΪټǰӵѪֻ꣬
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ٴνĿһۣʶ̽컹ֶΣ޷̽µµȥʮ׷ΪλʧȥӦˣ
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0621 
öɷɷħݿȥ·ֲֻ࣬𽥱úܵܣһ·ߺãΪȻħҲҪ㱨ѩޡ
ԥָһͣöħȥ

ħһ˲䣬ֻеһǿҵϢһ̣ߣϽúƣüĳһĺɫħӡ촽Ҳһ±Ϻڣֻ۾ǱѪ죬ͬѾħһ㣬Ҳûɷǵģˡ
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ڶ峿ʱӻ߳ɽʱֱ˰Ǹɷǵڹϣֻͫһ˿ħ⡣
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˾ˮУˮǳǳûأѩ׼覣˾ݣȻ˼ӣ
˲Ǳˣڵ˳ơӡɶ


0622 
һ紵ֻ׷֮Уɶۣˮ漴һȦȦʹ֮Уִ˼ŮӵĽġ
ʱͥԺнŲ߽ͥԺɶԡ֮ͥԺˣȻݲ֮ˡ
ϾʵѾȥһ죬ͥԺˣʱħˣͥԺԡҲֻ棬ҽš
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Ԫɿ֦ͬʵĶǣħ⼸ɣ֦ͬʵҲ죬ڱ˴˹ĶǰˣûԶѣֻԶ档
˿̣ɶվڴ齱ߣŻԲѵӣǰ˭ʵΣȻ
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0623 
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Ѷģ̣ȻҲδػңˣȥҸɽȶ˰ɡ
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0624 
ʱʣĴɶʩȣ˵Ҫ뿪ãɽҲ߲̫ʼŵҵˣҲɶ֮ðվΪʲô
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0625 Ϯ
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0626 ֮
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0627 ļ
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0628 תϣ
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ﻹڶڵĵӣһ뿪ĻȻᱻ̫ʼŵ˲ʱ˭ߵˣô˼ˣֻԼѿˡ
ɶԥ֮ɫ˵ӽδ쾳ĿǰΣʹҲ֣ο滹в̫ʼŵ֡
Ȼƣֻո˵ķҲ˷ܹƳڲĶ𣬶ôһ֮ӳȥˣҲûطʱ˹ӳȥ⵽̫ʼŵ׷ɱ޷˹ǲˣˣڴƸһԣǶڱƳ
ҸոѾ뵽Ƴķˡ
˵ʲô
ɶ˫üһ˹ˣȻǶҪ𣬷ı¾ɣԼѵܹⶾ

΢΢ף˵Ҳˣһѧոպ뵽ǽѧʩչܹƳڲ඾𡭡
ת
ɶЩŰɣ˵֮£ϸˣ
ͷ֮£ҶϷʱرܣ⣬»
á
ɶһ£ղٶԣԱһʯȥˡ
ߺϥһķ˲仯һƬĽɫ֣ʱȫǰ
ˣתسˡ
˫ĿһһƬֵУҵʮ֣вɵ΢΢һ𣬹Ȼˣתʮֵ˼Ī˵Ȼɷ֮ˣ


0629 ת£
ɡ
ӡسˡֵУʱܹ뵽ģֻ˾ɷɣǷˣĿǰл޷϶
⡰ɡ֣رˣƬ֮ԥһʼת
ڴ֮ǰδתʱ˾ʼȫտʼûʲôرоģһ֮Уʼ澭ɢȫ
֮ɢЩϢ·壬Ҫǿ˺һ
ת
Ĭ֣֮󣬹Ȼԭʼת֮֮֮֮תȴʹھѨλһȵ˺֮УָоҲʮֹ졣
ָоʮѳȴ֣ԭĶѨλ˿̾Ȼһ㱻Ƴˣô˿˾ȻЧ

Щ˷֮ʱһ֮Уһ̶֮һ³ķθʹǴҽ棬һ壬ȴ˺֮У֮⡭һɶħ⣡
˳ΪΪħԭˡ
Ȼ䣬ֻ˫۱Ѫ죬ħɷͻȻ߻ħһʮֿ¡
ڸոһɲŷ֣ԭ˹죬˳ħǰз
Щ겻ķŵĹʮ񣬸֮ܲħܹ֮⣬Ļոһ£±Ѿʹħˡ
ѰˣûĵķóȻĻȻ߻ħ
˿̣ߣܹϵķʱѹסħ⣬Ҳɲֻ֮Խˣһ˵Ļ֪ᷢʲô¡

ʱһʯֻɶϥһǧ꺮ϣ˫գһ㺮̣ǰϵİ߰Ѫɼ
ԼһŻۣɫ𽥻ָЩʱһʮѴ򿪣ô
ȻɶƽƽϢʱһ֮ķĴԶʮγУֵܵһʱ
ɽ棬΢΢һȻѾ˷ԸˣҲûбѡֻɽ湰˹֣ȥˡ
ɰܣڴһˡ
ɶҲ׼˫ӡһٴʱȻһ¡֮죬һ㣬Ȼ֮ķѾĹˣֳ֣֮С
ڳϣ˵֮ǰ˵ҲǣҲֻάʱˡ
ʱ磬ֻ棬ٸ̫ʼŵԴ֦֮ϣȻУһҡȣһ澪ʧڵЦ
˫΢棬ԣ˲£һɿֲϢʱ֣ڵӣûһվȣ
һ˲֮ʣ˫ֽӡ˲ֵĶʮĴ󷨣ʮĴͬʱһɲǱγһɼǿУһ½ֱ棬һɼǿκ￿ؽ
ΪǿˣҲҿУֻŻŽ˫ǰһƣ˫һַ̤˻ȥģԼǱ
ڳϺαؼһʱ
ǰֵУУһҡȣһЦʮĴ󷨣Ҳֻάһʱѣɢȥ֮ʱϴɽƬطʱûһܹӹϵǬڳϡ˵𣿡󣬺ȣ΢Цӿȥ
ոû뵽ڻ󣬱ǱʱֻЩѿּ˵ʹвãҲܶ˵ʲô
İɣڳϣ֮Ӳġ
һЦһһԶǴееȥ

ʱںɽʯ棬ɶٴ۾Ȼ֪ʮĴѾôڣֻʣһʱʱˣһʱʱȫ֮ߡ
ܿ죬ٴδɶʱмƽϣ֮󣬱ڵĺȥˡ
˺⣬ɶʱܵ쳣֮һʲôСӣ
βӦɶƬ̣ջȥˣȿһĻʱʹҲɵһ
ֻȫ£ħɷڣѪȫʱˣѾȫħһɶʲô
ûлӦɶȻһһ˲ǰְϣָļһɾϮ顱һ˳ȥ


0630 

һ˲䣬Ҳ˹һֹͣת
ģϵǲħɷ֮ʼɢȥָֻ֮ǰģ
ɶվԶĵطŸոһʱм־裬üʵˣ
˿һɲǣֻɣڲ඾ھ֮£ȻѾȥ
ɶ˫Ŀ΢ʱӣȻܿѽڲ඾ոȴħһ㣬Ǿʲô˹죿
תĳ޴󰭣Σ
ɶҡҡͷȥ棬˴򿪶ʮĴ󷨣Żֵܵһ󣬵ǡ
˵˴תʹڶѾȫΪ𣬶ʱԻָнӽ쾳ΪҶˣĶ֣Ǳ뿪
ŴԣҲüڶѾȫϴλʧܣβܻɹҲӵĶ֣ʵӿ֮ƣ
ɶתȥһ˵໹аʱʮĴ󷨵ͻĹ⣬ʱӱȻṥʱһʮĴԻ٣ܹشٺòǲܣҲɳ뿪
ں棬˼ʱʮĴ󷨵Ļ֮ȻǿֶᱻըһƬޣɶδЩ̫ˣֻﻹڵˣѵҪôˣȫ
ɶǲµ˿룬˵̫ʼŵĿģֻңЩӣǲᣬʱһȥĵطҪĵģҶˣʱòᱻ׷ϡ
˵ʱѾɽ棬Уϲȴ룬ʹССһ̳ҲǿĽƷڵʵɼһߣ֪ħڵʵΡ
ڡ
ɶһʹԭֵУǺȻɢһܹΣ棬ȴȻ档
ֵֻǰУ֣ʹһҲһʮֳصѹ
Ա߲ԶֻվңȻŵ΢ЦҡУԶ

˫һȻһ±㽫˳˵ģǴˣڣȻǵ
ôҲϵôˣ
ɶ˹Ŀڷϣδǲ°ɡ
˿У𽥿ʼЩɶɫ֣Ƿйأ˵Ǵˣҵġ
£һȫ˵ˣ֮˸ǱɫΪ䲻ӣȴƹļƣĳҲӸҪµö࣬дڣǱȻ鷳
һ̣˱˴˶ӣǺȻĳֹʶһȥǶ
£˸ÿǵȴǳȥɶɽȥ˵һħϷߣסǵߣǣߡ
ָȥֻǱȺɽ࣬û֮˵ͷٶԡ
ȵƻ轵٣ĺɫʼĺϣֵУԽԽʱ棬ЦЩ󷨵ѿľˣ֮ڳϣҪȥ𣿡
Ȼֻʧȫ¶ʱż˫һţȥȻһεȴģȴǶʮ󷨵Ļ֮
¡¡
ž޴ֻ֮ؼһ±̳һɿֲ֮⸽һȫ˲ݻ٣ɽҲã͹ҲգһɲǻΪ촷ۡ
һɿֲӣҲ󵹷˻ȥ壬һѽը٣̫ʼΪԵ͵ĵӣûӦѾ֮
Ӧ죬ոһ˲䣬Ʋԣȥ˶һ١
¡֮Զȥֱãؼĳ̲ɢȥ⸽һнԱݻˣָǵȻ޴棬¥ȫڸոһ֮лΪ촷ۡ
ģǱһ飬ϱըƤѪֱ˿ȥĿģӸ˵ˣΨ죬ʱûκ¡


0631 ̽ħ
ߣⷽԲҷ׳죬ҲҪǶҳ
һֻ̣ģֲǺ޲ýɶ̻һ˿Щѵĵӣŵò
Զ˹ҹĻֵȺɽʱûЦݣЩͳʧˣû뵽ЩҲû뵽ɶգӦķȥˣȥ׷ü

ҹĻɽ֮г겻˼ʱȴӰٶɣǱˣɶˡ
˽Էǵ֮ʱںҹ֮дУǧɽ֣Ҳƽأٶȿ˼ޡ
һֱҹʱ֣һ亮ƹԽʹ˸еϮһͣɶؿ˿˵֪ûУû˵ˣôܿ׷ȫʢʱڣܶԸˣڣĶ֡
ţҪòָܻʵ
٣ʮ°ɡ
ɶ˿ֽŵܹҵǱʧħĻҲһЩ
仰Ȼ˵ֻҪҵħָܻҪ˴Ӧĳŵ
ȻҲܹףڣȵָȥħ
Ȼȥħˡ
ɶ˿ֱ˵صֻҪ׷Ͳص̫ʼŵЩˣ֮ǰ˵Ǹطһħڤľǽȵˣʱٴûħűˡ
á
˵ͷֵǸطҿԴȥȴ֤˵ħһЩħ棬Ǿ߿ݹǰҲδħ֮
ֻȥˣҪ֮ʱõħɡ
ɶô׷ħľȷħһ˵Ǹطֻǲ֪ʲôգбҪĻڤľ֣һȥ̽ħ
ʱѾҲٶԣѭŵһЩ䣬ȥѰħڵλá
ֱ֮ѭż䣬ҵ˵żȻֵЩħһգɽ֮У飬ѻɽİ׹ʱʹɶҲɵһ𣬻һһ޴ֹħ
֮ǰ˵ħʱԺһЩ棬ɵЩ޴ֹħʱ𺳣˹ģħںʱ޽ģֻ˰ɣ󣬵ڶ
ѻɽİ׹ǣ׹ǣѵǰħļƷЩħĸħ˿¡
ţǰ˵˰ɡ˿¶ɫ˵
ֱãɶع󣬴˴Ǵȥֽ֪ԪŵأһκˣЩ޾ɽΣȴδħ
һɲǣ֪ǴʲôܸоЩħ֮£ɵص׵ᵱ˯һԶŴħɣ
һɶһѶʲôգҲҪһܹ̽ҵǱϹʱڣħʲôֵˡ
֮ǰ˵ħһ

֪ҪȥħԿҲԥ֮ǰħȥˣȻʱ룬ħĽѾ֮ǰ˸Ƴˣڿ

ɶտյħ֮Уħ棬һЩֵʯ񣬱ʲôҲûˣûʲôơ

˵ͷ˵֮ǰƺأ޷Ӧǽɶ˽ĽƳˡ
˵ʱѾǼʯ棬ʱ룬ӵʱѲ֮ǨŭʯĿݹǣһŭ֮£߿ݹǴ˸䡣
˵ĳǰǧأ˰ѹõǡ
һ˵ţһ߽صĿݹʰƴһ飬ǰԭˣһһǶϷǽ¡
ɶȴûģһʯϸ۲߻Ǿ߿ݹǰһɲǣ뵽ʲô
˿ɫصӣʵӿҳˣ
ɶŽ߿ݹǣǰڴˣδħȴ֪ŵ¡
ڽ£
Ҳݹǿȥֻô򵥵ĻҲλǰտڴˣûְܷɣ
ɶ˵ڶλϣλӦ磬棬ǬǬΪ죬Ϊأ֮λħ֮λħ
ЩƶǶʵ˼
Ȼ䣬ɶɫøΪˣ˵ЩħУÿһħһڣ֮ǰ˵ħĽơˣ
һɲǣ֪ΪΣɶɫһ䣬·𿴼ʲôµһδӦѱȥ


0632 ħɽ
ôˣ
ߣ
ɶɷ˵һ˲ȥˣһ˲䣬ҲڸܵʲôоϤǰĽƣ
ħƻָһɲǣһ˳ȥٻعͷʱֻǵƻۣһ㼫صĽơ
ա
ɶ긦ʱɫЩ΢΢ɷףղһʯ棬ҲȻᱻƽʵ÷顣
Щ棬֮ǰôû£ζĽƽҪָģ
ɶת˵Ǿ߿ݹǽ£㷽ŰŪǶѿݹǵʱ򣬲֪Ѿ˽ƣĽƣָֻ𣿡
ԼЩ˼ˣתɽȥֻħ˰׹ǣ¡
˼ɽǽƣ
û±ˡ
ɶɽħ˵ƴܹа˴ţÿһţ൱һСŰħά֣ܹʮħǸղڵħСڡ
һħĽƣѾˣҪǲɽĽƣҲ˲ҷɣ
Ҳħɽȥһ˵һҡͷһֲ֮أҺ֮ǰûóȻȥħɽĽ֮أɽ¾ѹʲô
ɶüϲɽ²ǹؼڣɽ£취ɽϵĽƣ˵쾳Ϻڣڵĸ֣Ҳδظǿơ
㲻ɽ°ɣ
ȥɫһ±ϴħڣΣһͳˣɲȥĵطˡ
ɶǰħɽ˵Ǳħһɽ£Ȼ֪Ǳ˴ȥģ˽ȥ֮󣬾ҲûгˣҲɽµĽƣɽĽַˣҲˡ
ȵȡ
˵ȥĻɶعͷһۣʵôˣ
ҡҡͷҲȥɽµġ
ɶüͷ΢΢һ壬ʮƽ㲻ǴӦңҪõħô
üĳǴӦҵħħɽʲôҶοζ϶ʧħһɽ£
Ӧ
ɶٴħɽʱܹӦһЩոգǰӦơתͷѵӣЩϹ֮£һҲѵ֪ħɽŵϹ𣿡
üĬЩϹ֮£ûʲôԣΨһ֪ǣΪʦѪһѪĸоԼߣΪλôȥħӰ
ʱһʮĸо·Щȥصħһһ
ΣҲ棬Ϲ֮¡˼ɶڵ
عǹħɽһòŵɽϽ֮أұٶǧУҲƲĽƣܹɽ£
ɶҶˣȻ޷ɽϽƣΣħ˰æˡ
ڸոյʱѾˣһʼʱֻԼõħڹƾһˣ޷ħɽĽƣֺֻ
ɽµħֻһһˣ಻˹ͬģֻ߷Ϊķݣÿһݰˡ
˾Ϊһħ֣Ͼ滹Щɻļɱ˭ûкô
ǣ
üһһĴħڵǾˣȻѲ࣬⼸ħڣҲ־ͬϣɶһʵ⣬Ȼ⼸ħҲйཻ
ɶǿ룬˵֮䣬޷ҲֻǸ裬ȡѣ㲻ô࣬ڣ뿪˵ɣ̫ʼЩˣѾȫˡ
һ˵Ҳٶˣ뿪⸽ʱҵһΪصĹȣҹ࣬Դֺ⡣
ƹɶȡϵ漴ʯŵ˷ȥѶȻŵˣΪѰħҲѾ޾ɽ֮С
ҹʱ˷䣬֣һ͸Ǻ⣬ɶһô£˫գԾ˹ָΪ
Զһ£һö㣬δ봫ȥѶȻѶȴʼմɽ


0633 
˰ҹǷˣٻڵƴλԪ£ﲻֹʮǧ֮ңѶǴȥġ
°ҹʱΧ֮£ʱ䣬ҲǱû
죬ɶѻָ߳ɣ˿£ʼȴԾȥĸ컯ʱ뵽֮£ʱ뵽֮֡
֪ǱߣɲŮǷѾָҲ֪溴Ǳ߻ûУ֪½ǱߣΣ֪ɱžǱߣ켫Ĺµˣǿɶã֪һ𣬹˼ȴȥ˺δ
ÿÿ뵽쳾ʶЩˣ޷پʦ˵ĳ
֮ˣӦնϳƫƫ޷նϣҲһ谭ɡ
ֻǻ񣬱֮ѣմ˵֮УЩʥ֮ĪǸѾնκγ޹ʥһ˵Ҫʥܲ顣
ǣ̫࣬ѹ谭
֪ʱɶѾۣʱɫȣǹָֻһɡ
ĪǳУһǣôҲۣȥ
ǣô
ɶĳҹɫϺȻһɲǵʧĿ֮УƷ˵ʱһԭľӣȴ˷ģ̼׹ɺ쳾֮С
ǣֻôһ˲䣬ָֻ˹ֻص֮ǰǸʳ˼̻ӡ
ʥ飬²飬Ȼ֮ӣȴұ
ɶ˵ţ¾ʱʲôħˣֻǣϾǵĴħ֮һƣܾơ
ɶǲ֪˿лħ֮˵֪һҪʥжþʮؽѣʮؽѣΪ쳾ǧ١
˵˴ͣһڶ˿쾳۷壬ǧУܵУⲻ֪쾳ֻʥĿʼǶɽٳɹ˳ϺڣϺ֮Ƕڣٵڣʥڣʮؽѣһؽʧܣǰ
˵ţû뵽һ;ԭ޾ϺڣڣЩΪ磬ǰʦδԼ˵ԭһ;ֹ𻯷гʥһ˵
ɶԪŵʥ֮ˣżصģܹᳬʮÿΪһؽ٣Ҳǧ꣬ʥǣ֪ںܶǰһˣòʮؽѣǴԲڼ󣬾ȻΪһ֣ʥ
ʱ˿̣£һЩȴ֪ΪΣʥʱкȻһʹԺȻһЩİϤĻ棬ǰӰĿ
гһգǷҲΪһ֣ʥӴΪˣϲ
Ȼ䣬ɶ˹ع£ӰԶ˿룬ȴֻһˣδ룬Ǹˣ޹أȴǴ

һֱ峿ʱԶ⣬ȻдƬӰϸ֮£ѷ֣ٶڵĵӹˡ
²μ
Уɶΰȥ
ɶٶɨһۣ˵գħ̡ң¥ƸҲõˣǷɢһϢ̻ر
ǣ
ִȥˣʱ䣬һʱǿϢֱɶɫһˡ
Ҳһ䱸ɶѷ²ٽ䱸ˣٶǰԪŪѪɺӵħͷʦѪܲ
ʱֻ߷򣬺һʹԭʣһ±Ƴ
һٿȻ̼㻯һӰ뷢ףȴûһ˿ɷǣǿȥħɷһɱħʹɿ⣬ҲеϢ
ħ̵Ľ˳ħ棬νǵħ棬ʢ绽꣬ܡ
꼸ħħ죬֮ѪɺӣʬɽǱһش֪ٶȥˣǷѾԭ
겻ħǰɡ
ʱɶЦ˹ȥĴħ棬Ȼħ汲ߣħǰˣڤľͰƸȴˡ
ӣ
ħ΢΢ף󣬲ע⵽һߵһɲǣֻ˫һصɱŵˣ
δ䣬ֻһ̧һǿʱӿȥһ·Ĳľʯͨͨ촷ۡ
׼Ϯһ˲䣬ɲһչֻԭһӰ˲ʮɿ⡣
¡
һ죬ħһƴȥʱ˰֣һɲǣеɱȴǸˣɲͽܣ


0634 ħ
һ̣ħ˫ɱɭһشŵĳǼ
𣡡
ֻһֳжȻ͵سϮȥ֮ݾԵ㣬ȫһɳħɷ֡
ȻֻģжʱХ֮ϣưٹХֱͷƤ顣
ۼħڣ˫һ㣬һԾͬʱ˫ӡһᣬֻһɽӡ˲ճ͡һħ棬ֻħĶʱХֹ
˵ħӡרħɷ֮ӡٱ䣬һħƾնһնȥֻ䡱һħױɢˡ
ۼŵĵɢħǱú£һ϶ʱһڶֱѹҪһ¡
Զɶ¶ɱУ΢΢һǰֹͣħ沢δʹɱ֣˵ҲÿһʵΡ
£ѡһԾ䣬Σգ֡
¡
һ޴ڶ͵ǸһнԻΪޣһ˲˿ȥʱԸеϢħΪǻ֮ϣܴù

ֻħ䣬һųħɷ֮ٿȻһ˹ȥ
һƸǵУδѸеһɾҪ˺һ޷ӲֻԪ˫һţ͵ݷ˳ȥ
ħɷ
ħһȣ˲Ϣƽʮɾ룬޿ɱܣֻóӭ䡱һһ˲䣬ʱ죬Ұ𺳡
ֻ֮ͣеһ̩ɽѹȫȻֵסž壬ղһ£Ȼش
ħ𣡡
ٳ֣ȻЯɱħʽͣһ·赲֮ԻΪ촷ۡ
һۼѣħȻбʽһƶ£һǴУʱ㽫Խ䣬
⣡
ɶΪħֻ̽̽ʵû뵽ɱģʱҪȥԮȴﻹü
ǰ
һУħѾһƳͷ£顱һʱʯѣ֮УȴӰΪޡ
ɶ긦ȻźֻԶһôıƮƮ档
ԭոձħģֻһӰѣɲ֮ȻΪٸ֮ˣһɲǼ䣬Ҳδֱܹʵ
ʱڲԶһϣֻѾ˲ˣΪ֮Ǹµ꣬ħӣаޡ
常
аߣղŵһУȻϿû뵽һѾ
ħ棬£ǵ˴󶯸λ𡭡
ʱһĶŵȻԶֻǱߵһϣ֪ʱҲվˡ
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ЩƸӣҲ£罣һʲôħаˣʱգĴħڵˣҲֻħ̿ȥħˣҲˣħһ򲻴ˣ䲻ײࡣ
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ħ棬Ƹӣþò
ڤľͳȻǻ˺﷢ֻ˸еЩ䡣
ڤľƸλҲˡ
ħϵ˿һۣ漴ĿϣΨһ֮ͽмֱ¡
ħħ棬أħţΪףһмٳ޹˭˿仰ȴǶߵĿ϶ˡ
ԶǼħ棬ʱ˶˹һĿⶼˣͻΪħ˵仰ħ±ߵ˼Ϳġ
ʱȻվǿ֮ϣĬ𽥻ɶҲ˳겻ڤľƸλ
˵λħڵа겻棬ʱ䣬ΪѾȵز֮˶ԣ֮ˣʹٶǰǴֹԪҲͬһ㣬һжĿ


0635 ƽ
ĴħŵٴξףǴ棬ֽ֪һ粨ȻʹɶţضӴ¡
ֻɽ֮У˼˿̣Ҳ֪ĸħɽˡ
ڤľͰƸϷƮƮ˴ʱѾȥƸϴ棬俴òȴʣ֮ǰ˵ҵħ֪ħȴںδ
ĸħŵˣȻǴ˵ħΪħУͬžžҲ㲻ʦģħȴͬˣ֪٣ȫȻͬžǰ˽֪ĸħţħ־ڱصãҽǡԭ
ħǰ伱ȥħϷǾã˵Ѱħδ
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ʱڤľҲǰȫں֮£Χֺʵ˸еֺ£ֻɭɭԣȻֻΪζһˣӣǴΣ
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ɶ֮ǰ̫ʼŵˣֿжѣ⣬ħҲӷֵģûκιϵǾʲô𣿡
ûκιϵ
ڤľȻͳ£ƺħĵء
ɶˣ˵ظղŵ°ɣǽƵħɽ˴Զȥ֮ǰϣλܹһ£ħȻҪڣǸŸɣǽֶһ̫ʼš
һֱ鵽ʱսǣΣĸ֮ҲìܣʹܹͬоǱħܷΪľĸһҲǺõġ
ڼ䣬ûвǵ飬ֻţǽƵħɽ棬ʲôܣ
ӣǿˡ
֪ʱɶѾߵߣ΢΢ͷٶԣһħɽǱȥˡ
ʱ˲ħɽ棬һĻʱʹڤľЩħҲ𺳣ĸħ±ߵĵӣļĵĳ׹ɽħɭȻʱˣԭء
ãħڵعħɽħʱأԸе𺳣벻Ϲʱڣΰħ
Ǹʱħβʢȴ˥ֻܳرܹĳ뵽˴ﲻɵһ̾ʱܹ⸴ʦʱĻԻ͡
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ڤľͰƸʱȴħô࣬ħһҪ⸴ħջԻͣˣȴܻ
ɶԶħɽ˵˴ƣܹʮĴţҲʮħÿΪһƣֱǬ롢㡢ޡҡ
Ŷ
˵˴ƸһȤǰյŵжô´˽ƵˣĪǾǵŵˣǵŵˣЩħνͣ˼
ɶǺ£ֻҪ԰취ʱ˽ƣȥɽĵ£Ȼܹҳ
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Ҫһ󣬷ǵóǧ֮˵ɣϣվˣǬ롱
ӰסаޣԼңˣеӣ㡢ޡҡ
һ֮ӦǹˣʹһղܳɹǱʮգʮղܳɹգд򿪽Ƶһ졣
ڼ䣬ɽǰһɽϽƴ򿪺ҪԵ۹֮ƿɽĽƣֻҪɽƿ֮󣬽ֻҪаˣŸԵάˡ
ɶҲԥ֮˽󷨣λΪǼߣټɵľӢһ֮ʱ춯ص˵⣬ֱʡ
ǿ󷨣⣬ɽ֮ˣֻֻ鷳
һ˲䣬ҲܵɽϵĽƣʵصĽƣ֮ܿȻڴˣ⵽Ǻ˵ֱʣֵźεֶͨΣֻͨ챾֮ˣҲⲻһô

Ȼ֮䣬ֻеؿһƣɫ˲ò԰ףһɲǣ·ħɽ£ĳĸӦԺһֵĻӰ


0636 
ػþʵѱ棬ʱ׺֮׳ʱɽ֮ܣһʱ֮䣬ֻеͷʹѣһɲǣǰ֮У׹䡣
֪˶ãֹĸоɢ𽥻عǰȻʣѾˣոǶ̶һǹȥһҹ
󷨴ҲѾʧֻǬ롱ĸλħ桢Ƹڤľɶ󷨣˿и
㡢ޡҡķа޵άţҹʱ䣬ħɽĽƣڿʼɶˡ
ά֣ħ㲻̫һյĺɫʱɽǰȻһѺۣͨɽµĽƣˡ
Ѿ𽥴򿪣Ȼ˵ħɽŵܣȫɽ¡
Ƹ˵ţԶЩɽǰ𽥳ֵĽѺʱĿҲ¶˲˼֮ɫ
գʼɽǰֻѺٴһЩһЩʱԵ۹½һƳɽǰĽơ
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ˣˣħɽĽƣ֮أǿĻ˵ˣʮΪһˣҲҪҷ𲻿ɡ
ɶƵڣʱʱ򿪽ƣǷǳȡˡ
ֹ죬ʱɽǰĽɶòˣǵѺۣȥҲǰࡣ
ɶȥɶò࣬ӣˡ
̼֮ԶĸħڵĵӶס˺ŲԶĽѺۣҲٶԣһ˲۹½ͬնٻؾѺʱһɽǰĽѺնȥ
¡
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ɽǰ׵СʱһħϢС͸˳ʹĶħˣҲеֵľ
һ𽥺һ£գҹ͸ż˿ຮ
ɶ˿ȥ˵˴Ȼ򿪣ڣɽУһ̽
Ŵԣ˶һħſڵȥ棬޷ɽ£Ѳ⣬ϣʱλҪš
仰˼Զ׼ǲϣڴʱԼ˼ʱ򲻵˶Ҳħ˵УԳ
ڤľͰƸħҲٶԣޣ棬κ£̴Ѷ
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а޹˹֣͹Ӱ׵ˣȻҲҪά󷨣⣬ôڣɽµģֻɶˣټ
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һֱҹʱ֣磬ħɽӳͨհЩĻ꣬ѾԶȥ˿£ֻ쪶죬˲
ʱԶһʯ棬ֻ¹£վӰ˲ǱˣٲȻǷӶˡ
ЩǧټƴĽƣ֪ɽ£ʲôǣڳڣΣ
ӿȥ˵
ǰǱ׷ٵǰʱӾ˴ҪҵԷʲô£ֻмɵħˣղһֱϢδ
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ȻΥʹнӽ쾳Ϊ̫ʼŵĵλҲͣϱΪĪ̫ϣҪԷֻ붯ָѡ
˵Ļڴɱ⼸ħڵˣ˴󷨱ʱħɽĽѹߣܻл·
ֻĻɻǣοҲܻͬ⣬޷뽫ɶܻȥΪԼ˫ް£Էɶߡ
һ㣬ףʦܵĳˣΨдûȥʱ취λ̫ҪһƻǣȻҹĥΨˣͷһޡ


0637 ֮
һħɽƵڣһɶȥˣڤľǼΪΣﵱóȻ룬Ƿˣûκһ˿ʤ㡣
ı£ҪˣϢɽ£ʲô£ֻΨһɵħǼˣɶʱסԷûʲôˣɶΪ֮¡
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ȥһĴ㣬ֻδЩգأҪסˣȴҲòһˡ
һЦٲȻһصģа취ڳȴķѹȫȥϢʹǷˡ

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ʱ˿̣ħɽµĳħϢϢʹǴȥ½ħڣ棬Ҳδܹ˳صħϢ
һ˲䣬һʮֻĵ뷨ħɽ֮£᲻ѹһѾȥϹħǴ˿ڣħ棬һϹħڷ˶ԣҲһޱߵ硣
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ͣƸǰһƬ֮˵ȥǴ룬ħںδ
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ƸȥɶüӦûӦǱ׷ɱȻʹħɽƿײɽˣûãĽƱַˣԵʱ׷ɱˣնûܹųȥ
˵֮󣬰Ƹ֮һЦȻӵĸӦ֮˵ãΪεûܸӦЦоǱ׷ɱŻؽأ
Ȼǰ飬ʱһƸʱҲ˹˶˵Цϵǳ洫֪Цģ
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ÿÿ뵽ЩбᶸȻһɼصܽҳȥٶ˵꣬ɳޣԶҲ޷ƽϢʹԨҲر˳
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ʱħɽ棬̽Ѱ죬ѾϲһһΪ֣ÿһ֮䣬һ㼫صĽơ
Ǵ˿ڣֻǵһѣԽ£ԽգûоԵʵȥĲ
ֻǵһ㣬Ҫȥڶ㣬ҪѲ
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ڤľ˵û˲ȥڶ㿴ֻǼ˵ΪѰ˶ԣȻǼߣɱϾûоǿʵóȻȥĻпܻһЩδ֪գƲȣգʵڲ˴ʱȥð
ڤľ֮ʱԶȻһ𵴣üѸ٣ü˽ɫһô£
ֻ˷ȻǿռһϳѺۣʼݣҲһ³Ѻۣʱ̹
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Ȼʱ֮죬ϺȻһɼؽƣȻ˽Էǵ֮ȴ˵Ӿߵģ
չһ֮ɿ㷭ӿ˽¶ʱȿգ֮Уֻɶһ죬һɫ˿ɳ˲佫Լ
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ɶע⵽Լ飬סؿ½˵û¡
˿̲֪δˣֻɶкȻһâ󷨲Ե޹ʳ⣬ոȴ⣬ҲµûǷӡ
ˡ
üһδ䣬ɶɫȻһ䣬һɲǸӦʲôʱԶڰ֮УȻһЦӣ㡭


0638 ħ֮
ɶɫȻһ䣬ֻԶǺڰ֮УһӰһ£ȣݣʱȥȴħһ¡
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˿̣Լٶǰȥ䲻֪ǰڰʲô֮أ£Ҳֻһһˡ
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鼱֮Уɶһƴʱɳһɫ˿ǰɫ˿顱һһӰײһ𣬵ʱƬѩһ׷˿
ɶҲܵһ𣬽Ųʱȣɫһ±üΪ԰ףʱתڵġ㻤񹦡һ㵭ֻ·ǵشɡ
һ죬סһ˲ʩչɲӴĵڶ
˾սˣһ·֪˶Զʱ˾ˣȥҲȻᱻܡ
ӣûпܣ
ɱ⽥ʢһƳǰ߶ֶȥļҪѶɱֺ֣αհǰ˺
ۼϮɶֵֻͬʱһƴȻҲȥջӲӵָɽ
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׷ɶӡһ󣬡ݡһʱɳһâڰԽԽȴһ

һ죬ǰһײʱ˰ԶΪʦķȡɽƳɣǼ
ۼӱˣɶսһУֽ˻ǰ߶ȥ
һ·ֻ֮£˲֪һ£棬һƬ֪Ǻδɫ԰ףǾѪȻոһ·˲ᡣ
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Ž֡졢ءˡС˽һ˲ȼԪؽԪ콣ȼȫԪܷϴԡ˽˴ˣαƴԪؽ
ͣƲɵһ˲Ѵ̵ǰϴ˽ˣμҲӿ
飡
ֻһ죬Ԫ˲䱻æ˫࿹Ȼɱһõ˳ȥʱҲ˫Ҳʱʧȥ֪ΪԶ߹һ֮¡
һ˲ס±ϣ˴֮󣬲ԥɶȥ䲻֪ʲôӻָ˱ȻҲ߲ˡ
˿ɫЩ΢΢ףҲû뵽С֮£Ȼܷ˸͵ĽƣոǱ⽣裬ѽסˣʱǶȥ׷ȥȴһ½סˣȵȡ
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Щǡħ֮꣡
΢΢һһƬӰȻħĻϢЩǲл꣬ȻԶԶȲϹʱڵħ𣬲ħ֮Ӵ󣬼ΪȾ磬ҲСóȻȥĻֻ̼ͻᱻʴøɸɾ
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ʱ棬ɶȻҲˣԭһȣֻǲ֪ΪΣ˿ܸоЩ䡣
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˵ΧҲħ֮꣬ɶ˫Ŀһ֮󣬶ʱֻеһͷƤ飬ԸûпһĻ˶ħлꣿ
ɷɷɷ
˾֮ʣħл꣬ʱ糱ˮһ㣬سӿ


0639 ŶԵ
˶ħлӿȻɶƽʱ侲ʱҲɵɫ䣬һ˲еı
ֻһɵУʱŴ౶ƬƬſ°âɣһӿħл赲˻ȥ
Ȼȴиħл곯ӿɶܴʱҪ֧ŷϸһûѪɫµǣտʼʱ򣬱ֵܵסЩħл꣬ɽģǵֵס
˶ħлӿһ˲䣬˱ᱻʴһ߰׹ǣɶʱɫһ䣺ӣ
תͷһ˲䣬ÿ˽˼һĻֻ˫ͷ֪ΪΣǼΪܣȻһͷһХ˫۱Ѫ죬ţܣȻϹħӰӣ

ֻ˫۱Ѫ죬ЩȥصϹħȻһȫܡ
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Χ糱ˮһӿħл꣬ʱҲǸܵЩħϢΣʱ糱ˮһߣٲһֻӰ
ֱãָЩħӰҲѾʧˣɶЩŸղһĻСʵ㡭
ܿ˿ЩħлѾʱߣЩħлûʲôʶ˶ñȻֻӿ˵뿪
˼ǰȵľͷһŶ˴ʱȥ棬ǴʱȻϲȥֻŶȥ
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ɶһƿҺ󣬽ֻ໨ƿȥе¶ЧãÿʱһСڣ֮ڣƱȻȬ
ӹƿҲԥһСڣʼϥ˹ˡ
ɶҲһ˹ˣƺ˶ѽոħӰ飬֮Ժˡ
֪ȥʱǹȥһҹ˾һҹ˹ϵƣҲʱһЩ
ʱɽȻˮɶ۾ǹŶȥֻһƬһˮ֮ڰȴ쳣
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ԭ˴һǳǳˮˮξӦǴ͸ɶǸˣ벻ﾹһˮ
֮ǰһ·ŪǱʱҪϴ裬Ȼţˮϴ޷
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ɶҲʶѾˣӹ˶ڵĽ󷨣漴ǳˮŶ
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ڶյʱɶϺȻһ亹ɫҲһ±üΪ԰ףֹͣתȥձȻ߻ħٹ죬ָֻܻɣӵĶ֣
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˴ʵǲټ˵ȥˣɶɶҪ֪ʵǵŮʴ򣬵ڶʦǾԲ

ɶʱС֪Щ̾ڶΪʴǹĳΪǿ󣬵ǣȴɶ֪ΪΣ
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ʱɶʮɻ󣬵˵֮ʱǵͨ죬ɬڣҪ
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ʴǹ֮ڣһʼŮľ;ʴǹǵʧȥΪܹ˲һǿֹҲһձһտ죬꣬ɶʦʴǹһԭ򣬱Ϊˡ
ʴǹһ֮󣬾ҲܻصͷˣֻҹҹȡԪ˫ޣ𽥾ʧɱԣΪµŮħͷ
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գӾͻṥסʱȻ㷴ҲȻʧڴˣòʴǹ
һ֮ʧһˣպʴǹ۷壬̫ʼˣͷ֮ˣʧȥһУٻصȥ
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ֻӴ˿ħ죬˱ɱ٣ȴĴ˼ɣҪˣһ֧穣˴ʧˡ
һħһɣȵߣȲǱߣҿҪ˭
Ȼ䣬ħʢһƳȺȥħȥмܹܵס
һ˲ɹȥħֵӣʦɱģҪ𣬳ĳһǣ˼ˣұΪ㻹мѪԣͶص㣬ĳսٻغϣ֣Ҳĳ
˿ףǰѾң˵ٶҲûã뽫𴦣ȥ£ʱһȻ˼δˣӣǻ
ô
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ɫ䣬Դʣĳ㵽ס
áã
ȫħһɭȻ͸һ˵꣬Ȼһħȥ
ħ뿪ڵӲ˿ԭأԶȥħӰһ
δ룬歷ˣغðٻȣȥȥͻء
Ҳԥһ˲仯һ׷ӶȥˣɹΪһ˿ɱȣ
ոֻй˼ɣҶȫ˼δˣֻҪ뿪˰ٻȣʱ޹˼ɣħӣкξ壿
Ȼ޷ɱˣ಻ٶòˣǸոɽӶòĻֻ»˼ˣԸոڹУóȻ

ٻδ뿪ķʼüͷչ歷˽֮·Ը󣬻üչʵǻڵɹħҲȻĶ֣İɡ

δҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ΪΣһֲõԤУ正úܿ죬ܸоʲô½ҪԼȴΪ
ģµģֻӲʣõ̫࣬ӣ̫ʼûκܹС歷˰ο
δ΢΢ͷټ˵ȥˡ

˵һ·׷ӣһֱĺɫ٣Էδͣ£вɣħͷҪԼδ
һʱ֮䣬׷϶Էֻܼӿٶȣ׷һϣֱڶʱ׷϶Է
Ӳ֪ܲ˻ΣٶڻϵħҲȻʼˡ
һɽӱʱϵħѾȫɢƺҲһ¼˲١
ʹˣȻĴ澯裬ǰʱӺȻˡٺ١Ц

ʱɫһ䣺㲻ӣ
ٺ١ٺ١
Цϣתһ㱾ȷʵܴ֣ڳ϶򲻹㣬գû뵽ɡ


0651 ļ
ֻǰݿ£ɢȴӣǵڽڣǸī³ϣǴڽڣȡõ۹½ɱ˵ʦܣȴŹһ
һɲǣѾôˣмˣѾǴңȼıģôֻһˣ˱Ƿˡ
޾ɽʱɶһδξлᣬȳȥˣպ󣬱鷳
Ȼī³˷ļıǰԸһħڽڣɱʦܣν֮ǣһΣŲϧٵԼһУħ̶ֻһ
һλʦܱˣˣȥǶᣬڸϻƴҲûˣ
ī³ͷЦʱĿѣȥĩһ£ɽӿȥһ½ī³
δ롭
һ̣ɫ԰ףǿʲôµ£һ˲䣬һƴķȥˡ

ʱصһ£ٻȵĽ䱸øɭˣദ󷨣Ҳ歷ָʾ¼ӹ̡
ʱҡβϣӳ˵Ӱӣã歷˵δ룬㲻ҪٵˣӱٴҲضɵ⣬е󷨣˼ӹ̣Σϲٳʲôˡ
δ֮˫üչʼйɲõԤУܸоЩֵֹģ˵İٻ󣬰쾿αƿġ
歷ҲеЩŹ֣£ʵδǣ˵Ҳֻ󷨳ЩС⣬лɳˡ
ô
δȻ˫ü΢歷һЦû£úЪϢһϺδȬ˹ڲ͡
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δҡҡͷߵߣڣʼЩ
˴ֻת歷˵ǰ淢𣿡
ǰ£벻𣿡
ʱգʱһЩģĻ棬ٴȥʱȴ벻ˡ
û£ؿȥ룬һ죬ȫġ歷΢Цο

δ˵ͷһһһ㣬ذȥÿһ̣ǹȥá
ȵڿʱδ뿪ȥԺԴ⣬ǳϡ䣬ֵӡ
δ
׷Ӷȥķһ̣δǹɲõԤиŨˡ

Ȼ䣬ؿһƣԺѸһЩƵĻ棺¡Ҫúûȥ
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δͷңһɲĸоԽԽŨң·ֽǣһ𡭡
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δ룬ôˣ
ʱ歷˺Ȼ˽ɫ԰ףüӲʣ䣬ֳˣ
歡
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歷Ƴϵûãδָ˹һ̿ȥʮƽ˵۷£正ҪˣһΣȻǽˡ
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ǰ
δһЦʱЦȴǴżȻ
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歷˫ü壬ղ˵Ļ˼򵥣δ뿴正֮һУ㰴˵ȥκһ˿ᣬǣȥ
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ˡȫ䱸
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ֻǲƣֱٻ߷ӿһħҲٱƽһɲǣ˽һħԶյħϢ


0652 ħ
ת˲䣬ǲħѾǵصһޱϢǿǺ֮д͸ʱԭأһҲҶ
ԽԽĹƣ歷˶Ȼһôᣬ졭
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δָʱȥǴǰǸ䲻ˡ
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ѾԽԽĺƣδ˫ü΢һ˵꣬зȥ歷˸һδ룬㲻ܡ
ȻǵصħѾϯһ˲䣬˰ٻȵķһ½δ档

±ڵӼħ֣һ̣ŵĵѣȻֻǲ֪ǵĹʲôˣħʴ
䣡
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ħɢֻ֮˫Ѫ죬ħɷ쳣Ŀ£һͷ׷ʱҲѪ졣
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ħԪһǹɺںɫħɷ֮øӳأһ˫۾ҲȾѪһ㣬ĺޣҲ޷ĥʹɱˣҲ޷еĺޣһħˣԭһޣֻ޵طŴ
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Ȼʱӵʵ̫ǿδҲƵòȥһ·ʯשҲȵ÷飬ǰ

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ͬڽڣʱһһ˫۾Ѫ죬촽ҲȾѪһ죬üĸǳһϺɫӡ
ԭҲħ
ӺȻЦһ̣δȴʮƽˣħ˵⣬ǹ


0653 
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ȫħԪһһδȥĺһ֮ƣǿࡣ
δɫ䣬˫ӡһһâ顱һɽȾһȴǵֲֵһơ
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ۼ˷ħ֣歷ǲȥδ뵽ħͷ뿪֪ǷܶЧҲֻԣ˼ˣӵӣҲһʦҪұȶ˴խ绻طΣ

ͷһЦݺݵصҪҳȥȻź룬δҲ̫ˣ䣬һɼǿӿ
һɿδֻеһϣħͷ紫Ǿʧ˵ĻҲ޷ʱˣô£ֻƸһˡ
正̴ߣ̫ǿֻĿǰܹóȫܷʱӡˡ
歷˴ȥһ֮󣬻δٲԥһԾӴȥӡһɫӡһ±㽫档
Ҫסң룡
ħԪһһɫӡʱɶˣδ˫ӡٱ䣺塪ӡ
䣬һɫӡʱͷȥһɲǣδȫԻһԴԴϵķӡ֮һ½ӷӡ档

ȫħԪһ״ͼƷӡδһ𣬵ʱɫҰף歷˴ȥһҵŲ˶áߣ
ʦ桭ʦ桭ء
СѱǰһĻŵÿֹ歷˫ͨ죬ֻϵδһˣﻹĵӣδ
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歷ʱֻܴˣȫ˵ء
ʦ桭ءҪʦ桭
Сֹ歷˽ţֻ۾Ҳͨ죺ʦ治£ǲޣߡ
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һ죬ӡױˣǲɫӡʱǵʧ

Ѫ죬ģ̬ȻһƶŻδȥĺڻľơ
飡
һ죬һش˻δϣδʱһѪӿˣǷве׹ȥ
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ӺȻħԴ󷢣־ҲѴң񣬾ǰˣģһƴȥƣһƱһأδһɫѣѱѪȾ죬ˣͬǵĽѪ߰ߡ
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δʶģһ̣ǲȥǱɽʯһƣ

δ롭ңҡ
֪˵ɽ֮ƺһ·ƴϻأ˻ܷɣζ˲Ǭ
Ȼϻƴ֮ʱǰٻȣѻȥаеĹ˷档
δ롭δ룡
Ĺ㳡ϣЩʯǣȴҲҲδӰ

ʱһӰȴ歷˻ˣתʵδأġ
δ롭δ
歷Ҳ֪δ䣬ֻܽ˵ˣ֮󣬶ʱֻеһת˷ļƣˣ
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ʱ˵ʲôˣֻѭǲħһ·ȥ׷ӣδ벻ڰٻȣȻǱˣлһղϣܹ׷ϡ

˵ħԴ󷢣һ̵ʱȴֺȻ˹һ¿ǰ֮ˣԭ
һҲôȥġ
һֻ̣˫ֱѪ죬ոΪ˳ƻδķӡħԪļ֪˿̻ĻȻֻ֣ҸطָħԪ
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һ죬ӽδ뿸˼ϣһɽȥһֱҹʱ򣬲ҵһĹȣ˴ƴǧ֮ң
һӽδһӣȴһϺɫĶѪӿ
ǽħԪĹصԵʣǰַһħħʹħħԪ֮ȴԪģ仰˵֮ͻȻӵǿȫġ
δһ±㿴ʱħģ޼˵㱾ﵽ֮֮գһޣ˵ز
ұ죡
۲Ѫ˿һϺɫĶѪӿɫһ±øӲ԰ѿˡ
˲֪ãһ½𣬽յͨʱȻһ洵˽һۣ˭
¹֮£ֻ棬һӰɳɳĽŲʱ̸б䡣
žԽԽһӰҲԽԽתħԪ䱸ȫ֮ȴֻеһϣˡԣ㲻ˡ


0654 Ļ
ǵӰԽԽ¹£ֻһɫĶۣͷϴŶñģ
ڳϣγԡ
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һɲǣδɫҲֻش𣬴ʱ״̬֮˻磬ƣǻסֻ档
ǰԽԽһ̣ܹоóǳģӣһöӣðˡ
㵽ʲôˡ
䣬˵ʱѰһħԪǰǲˣ׼ֻҪһб仯־Ϊǰˣɵѹʵ̫ˡ
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ٴθеһϣһɲǣȴ׹һһ˲䣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣһƳ˴ȥòסδ룬Ҫ˿̽ˣ򲻿ܵġ
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쾳ô쾳ǿô
һ˵꣬һһȥһ˲ħԪֵ
顱һһشϣһ˲ĻħԪһ£Ӹشҷ˳ȥһ·Ĳľײ١
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ڣϸϸƺһУֻǶѣô࣬һУȴǸ˼£شʱ˿̣Щۼ֮Ҳѱ˶ˡ
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˲δȥ׷Ҳδȥһۣ»䣬ϣλˣطˣɽˣˣλ˽Ī⣬Ϊξ֪ˣ׻һصݣ
δ뿴ʱ߽һ̣ƽˮȻڲأҲڸǲסһ˿΢ϢϣĻӡ˾Ҳ벻ֲ˼ӣһ죬ջľ֣ٺĳҲɡ
ĹֻڣҪίһˡ
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ٺ٣ٺ١
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ħʹħȻΪȼյȴԪԪ£شȻҲԻ죬;ƿݣڵϦҲӱ˳ˡ
ãӵϢԽԽ΢¹ϣһ˪ȥӲ԰ס
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0655 ؤ
һ˫۾ӺٺٲЦֻϧˡ
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ѪдʱģȻѿֻ̣ǲ֪˵֮أʵ
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뵽˴ֺֻٺЦˣ˴ˣǴȥˣǴȥĵطˣҾͲ֪ˡ
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һ̣Ҳеɱʱܱ򶨣˵һɱңͱȻˣа취㽫Ȼء
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ݣ
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һţɽȶʱХ֮һ㣬ֱͷƤ顣
ҲӳһƬɫǸܵǷĿ£ڱɫһʲô
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ֻǵ˲仯һӰǸ뷢׵ߣǷʦ£һ֮ϡ
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ȻһѾ£֮ʱϷҽУʦң

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Сл˵ɷͣ£
ԽԽżţһһ½Ļǳ˳ǰеʱɷɷ˹һ½ĻС

ӵʱĿѣһջ䣬ʱӵӰҲɢˣһǼ亮£գϷ򶨵ԻСѡ
Ӱȫɢȥ֮ʱֱüȻԪķȥüĽһΣȥžˡ

֮Ѿ˶գϢܣպ󣬽С
һ£ԭͲƽԪ򣬸粨ɵˣնȥˣҲŲٴţȥžˡ
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ץδ룬ҲȥδΣաüҡҡͷұȥ
溿֪С;һΣ˵ˣ̾˰ˣҺͿӣ㣬ұҽ㡣
֪ȥһȴòȥһ죬۹½۹£۹£һΡȫˡ

ڶգѾڵĶǰһƬ֣̫ůͣһõĹâ
ʱŵһƾƮѭžȥֻ־ͷһؤ˯һѹϣסȥ·


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ؤѣ·ͨȻһҲϳģǵݳ⣬нʽǸؤ
ǰڴˣĪҡ
ؤܵڶ֪Է˭ʼմžأؤѾطǸظ׷ϣٴԷִннȻĿǰֻǰУҲΪġ
ҲҲ
ؤһ´ϵľƺ«һ࣬һڣûˣСѲȻȥݳǣͷһ
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ؤһΣסȥ·žƺ«ԶСѵı£Ƽڻ£죬Ʊˡ
üȷҪǰҪ

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ؤ̾˿úõһˣôûˣϧʵڿϧ֪һȥûҪǣô
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ǰ˿ƲۣΪȴɲ⣬һһǰ֣ʹֻһԼҲδӮҴ⣬һ۹½У˵ˣֻõˡ
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תǰؤ˹֣ٶԣҪתȥ
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ؤԶȥıӰ̾ϢֻʱѲֹ֣ˣĵ۹½£Ҳš

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סСŮСħͷȻȣΣҵҲҪʳЦ䡭
ұ˵СħͷЦϵǳˡ
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˷׷̧ͷȥֻһâԽԽһӰϢ֮£˽ԸеһϢ
һЩΪ黯ߣʱҲͻȻеһļ£квԤУЩΪϵ͵ˣʱҲҶһˡ


0657 ̨
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һӰʱ˽˳ţһ·ŸµųһѸٴݵ˳ܹõǸŵֻ꣬Ϣ˸еϢ
ʱĵһ˹㳡ϣ̼仯ĵӰԨʮ򶨣Ű˹ġǬ뿲λ
һʮȥˣЩԪŵӿ˹ϵΪȻҲѷǵɱȡ
ǬԪµߣʱǰһվͬһΡɽһ±ʹĵ
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ǳһߣһҲһ֮£Ѳ׷㻹ǿĪǵΪ߾ߵĵط
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Ҳô˵֮գˡҪߡ䵭䣬ɡ
ߣǾҪ㣬ûˡ
ǬԪĿ䣬˵һ̧˷ȻӿֳŸ֡
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һɲǣڳ˶ܵһɺ⣬̼׹˺̶֮У㳡ԵЩݲݵҶ棬Ҳһ㺮˪
˾еʶԶȥΪź󡱣ǰ󣬹һǧദţѰҪ⽣󣬼졣
Ȼ׼ֺαضԡ
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Զ˾е΢΢һ̨ɽϣǿźˣ³֮⣬ûбˡ

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ն֮ʱֻ¡һ翪ѣźʱӦƣ֮ˣǱѪ˳ȥصĽϵĶϣ۵ۣһâ
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Ȱ
ߣǬԪһȣһƱ㳯ȥֱ˺ϱĴһϸһܳܵ
ܵϮɲһչ˲Ϣƿ˰ɾ룬ֻ¡һʱǬԪһƣŷ󷨵Ĺ÷顣
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һ̨棬һʮĽƽ磬ҲΪ衣
δ룬ҡ
ĵ۹£֪ŵλ˵ڻûμȻˣûܹȻ뿪


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䣡
һ죬ɽȾһһǽնȥ棬ʱѺۡ
ֹ
Ǭ뿲λ׷֣ԼŸɵˣʱ̨߸˹
Щ˳һȥʱɿһ·ĲľʯԻ촷ۣǺ˳ܲסѪ˻ȥ
һֻ֮ӽǰĽնȥ¡һʱһӦƣХɳ졣
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̨˼״ǺȻһһ˲䣬˳˹ȫɱ֣ӽնһ·ĵ棬˲ȾѪ
ܹסȥҲ˶ȥ̨̳ȥȻ̨ʱһ״顱һʮԶǵ۹½ֵһ£ֻѱˡ
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۽Ѫ˿ոձǽһ𣬴ʱյ۹µ֣ҲȻֹ
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̨ǰ˼ΣȻ޷ƿǽƣδھ޴˫۰ӡ
δ룡
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Ȼ䣬ֻеһʹΪʱѾˣе飬ȫˡ
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ԶŸɵˣʱҲǰһĻסˣ룬ǵλŴʼµĽ󷨣Ŀֲ˿
ӡߡ֣ʦڣ
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δ룬¡
ĵ۹½ֻҧָ⣬ѪĨǽ֮ϡ
һɲǣ·ȫľѪ˽Уɫһ±ò԰ף۹½һѪ⣬һɿֲĽɷ֮Ҳ˲ɢ˳ȥ
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۹½һɼصһɲǣͷ˳˸е޵Ŀ־度£̼׹˺ڰԨʴġ
۹½е¼ص֮һʱ͸˳Ȼὥʴ˵񣬵ǽҲǿ


0659 Ԫľļ
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һɲǣԶԶЩ˺ͳϣҲظܵˣʱǸϵ֮أǴδصһ̣оЩ
ӣòסŽѹȥҪҪδɫ㲣϶˵š
δ롭
ʹ࣬ڵ̨ϣħֹ֣ؽպ£Ȼ䣬ֻ˫۱øѪ죬Ǳÿ£һ̨Ľնȥ
¡
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¡
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նȥʱ̨ĽƣʱӦ飬һɿֲ˷ȥʹԶԶĸųϣҲȻеһϣ˵ЩΪϵ͵ĵӣѱͷĿѣվҲվˡ
δ롭
ƿ̨ĽƺԥδȥȻһɲǣǷħϺȻһ䡱һ迪߰ԶͬʱδҲħϵĽشһ£ʱһʹ
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û뵽ԭħϻһϹŽƣһδܵǽƵĥ˿ֻ˫۽գȫ亹ɫ֮ǰӲ԰ˣһ촽ûһѪɫ
ûõģħ޷뿪㲻Ҫ
δ϶˵ţ亹Σ˿ȥ֮ǰˣΪ֮ˣԲ޷ħĽħɵ˺Զһħ֮˸ʮ
δ롭
絶ʣȻԾһǷħնȥ顱һնǷħϣȴֻһǳǳۡ

ʹȫһնȥȻħǿȻ˿̵۹½ǿ࣬ȴҲֻڷħһǳǳѺۣնȥʱնϷħ
ħϹʱ˼һħʯԭ֮˹ãҪնϣδҲ̫ˡ
˿̣Զ˶ҡͷۣȻҲ޷ڷħ¶ۼǿ۹£Ҳֻһǳǳ۶ѡ
飡
һ죬ħɲһһ֪ն˶ã棬ȴֻһССȱڡ
δ룬һᡭ
۲Ѫ˿һ˵꣬ԪˣϼѨԪľһ˲ת

ͷһХһ̣ƻգֱۺͲ棬˻·ȻǲȻԪľδﵽޣ

һȣֻ̧ƣһԼؿȥۣȫ𣬶ʱһѪһ£ȴǽԪľ
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飡
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ӡ
һ̣δȻؿȫȼ

ʱ˿̣ﵽ˼ޣ۹½Ҳһɽɫ棬ֻ۾Ѿ˳ɫл
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һ̣ԶŸɵ޲Ȼħϵգնˡ
˹ϣԼˣǵķħһ̣ƴͷһ㣬ɫһ±ò԰
̳֮Уֻķħȥס˻δ룬ǹɽɫ棬ѾˣһѪ˳
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δ룡
һ½סҪڶԪδȴһ°ס֣ҡͷûõġ
Ҵߣ뿪
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һΧȴ˸ǰȻѱղһĻסˣжٴκȵʲô
ڸŷӦ׷Խǰȥ´ҪҲ˲øΣˡ

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һնŸ־ȥ˹ҲᣬΪһ˲סΣ׷ʩĹеķҲͷ˳ȥ

ӽ𿪷ķٴһնʱɽѣλϽԱһѪ˳ȥ
һŰλΪߵĳϣʱɫҲԽӲ԰ףȻĹأ۹ǿÿһķѵĶԪ֮ټղŽԪľޣһҲ쳣£֧Ų˶ˡ
ԶŸɵѾסնŵķħڻƾһ֣֮Ű˹ϣ֮£дʷˡ

һѪӿɫʱøӲ԰ףδḧӣһϾ쳣ƽỽ֣һ
δ룬õġһ뿪
һһǰȥѪ˿Ҳûһ˸
δ滨һףЦһұҲһȥ˰һ
δ롭
ͣһ̿ˮ˫ݣ߲꣬һ֪Ȼȥкκ
䣬Ҳɫ԰׵ЦˣǴţҲûɱǣһΣ˭ɱǣߡҴ뿪
һ仰δ˵꣬һѪӿոΪʹԪľﵽޣԼƣȻ
˾һصѪǰȥǰߵˣʱĬĬ˿ȥ赲˵·


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桭
˹ﾡǺ⣬ὣһնȥ顱һʱϺѪ˳ȥ
𹬸ĵӼλʦˣҲһ˲޷ҲֻǸһ·һѪˡ

նǬԪϺǳϼˣҲٴܵشѪ߰ߣΪϵ͵ĵǣ
ɪɪֻԶɽ棬վӰЩͬǸŸɵˣЩˣǳפŵĸɳϡ
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һȺ˵֮ˣ糤ϣŵ궷̨ϣǸǿһ
Ⱥ˳Ĭ˵ǬԪϿһѪȥ糤ϣ֪˵ʲô𣿴ħȥ֪𡭡
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ֻΧһһȥصΪһ飬Щ˻𣿽˻˱޷ֻΪѣ𡭡
˶˵˿̶ĬĬͷ糤ϼǿƣƵͶ£ǻҪƣȻħҲһһƵġ
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ŴԣǬԪϱͲ԰׵ӣһ¸ûѪɫҲȥˣӹȥ糤ϣʲô֪ո˵ʲôǰҵˣŵˣҲǣ
糤ҡͷ̾һ˵
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һ溮âţǾˣ˭³ֻһǾ
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޹Ⱥ棬ֻһɫٳƲۣʵ򰵲һɼǿ

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һɲǣһɽȣԭŨŨѪ֮һ˲䱻ɢ˾ͷһֻһɫɳ۶ýȴǻһߡ
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˲ǱˣķطˣһΪĪ⣬в֮¡
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ڸ˹һ漴һأڳˡ
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ԶŸɵųҲôˣҴҶ⼸䣬ǵĵлٶǰλ꣬ȴرˣĪѿɾ


0662 Ī
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УطҲϾֹˮصСѽôţȥħɱ˶ˣѵôһ֮𣿡
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վԭأĬˣҲ˵ɽȣһֱʱȻһ˵Цġ


0663 ֮
˵֮ˣǷطˣһʣʤ˿̰Цɱ˲ˣȻҲ׷֮УЩ꣬Ŵδһ̷׽Ц죬ֻЩ¶ڰнУΪ֪ˡ
գ𽥱Щ䣬һֻ̣ط䣬ûµҹ˿͸ʱʲô
ʵЦģûһ˿˼ɣ֮£˷룬оȷʵЦǵʱȥģҲûˣЦһ˱ٴ󣬵ɱôˣ
Ц׷ɱô׷ɱˣ־˭Щ飬ȫˮ棬ǣ
Դ˿̣طϣЦһʱҪһǣһЩǣˣԪľƣøӻҡ
Ϊ֮һطǲϣ鷢Ǵ˿̣˶֪Ц䣬ȻҲڶС
һĪǵ治˵
ʱԶ˹ˣ֮ǰǼɵҶڷطѾˣеļɵȻ˲١
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ˡ
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һɲǣ˽Ըе׷𵴴ķȥֻǱ죬֪ʱȻһһƣֲֿ

Ȼ䣬һЦǱߴڹ֮ֱø˶Ĥѣ׷˹ס˫Ϊϵ֮ˣһ˲䣬ѪӿֹԪҲ޷ˡ


0664 Ц
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һ̣˶òֻɽǰǱߵԽԽֱ޹߷ӿһֱʮʱ˷ſ壬ԭ֮ϣһӰ̤ն
ֻɢħɷ죬ħһ㣬÷ԲʮƷڲֹ

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һ죬ס߼ڶһɴԪֵǧΪǲҪȴС
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޹ǱߣüҲѱɫЦ뵱ǸЦһģһ
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ת˲䣬ѽֱ޹Ȳֶһǿ֮Ϣ£
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һ̣Ҳǰеˣھ̫ԶԷɢһʱ޷ϣǷǵ֮ʱɽ洫Ĺǰ

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Ц죬˴Ұĵط
Ȼطɫһ䣬ָһһɽɫâնȥʱӿ
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Ÿɵ˲ټͣȿڸԶ˱ܶȥˣһʱССҡ
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ЦҲԺԾǵһĻĻ֮ʣȴһ£ȴû
һΣǱűľģһ´ǰһֱҳԵתȴû뵽תһ֮£ƾҲָˣǸ¶Сӣѳôˡ

ֻȻͷһЦϵͷұ˵ħֻУ·ҪߣȫԼ˵ᡣ
ܵ꣬һʼȷʵΪ˱ǺΪԼ£ȻȻҲٲ˸飬п
ȻƽˮԻδ뿴ȥ˵λǵ괫Ҿǰ
δʱϻָЩɫЦ칰һЦδ룬Цǰ֮

Ц˫΢У˵Ҳ˵㣬࣬ѾͷҲСʶҲˣСһܺãЩǿ˲֪ٱ
˵˴뵽ʲôָ±Щˣ˵ЩˣȴݲһΪСŵˣȴħŵˣǿԹħȴΪˣ
˴Ц˿˿˿ȫȻδЩ˷Щ˲һ𣬿ƫƫҪһ𣬽ձ˾ʦóףҵҪЩˣǽܹΣ


0665 
һʱɷķδҲ΢΢һЦʱ飬ȴֲ˵Цӡ
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Цһߣ´Ϊ˵˲СͲȥֻҪģǾһȥж˷ԣС
ЦԿŲδȴ֪ʵôһæ˵ǰ
ϸĻ˵Ц˵ôСѾͷ㻹²ɣ㵽ϲϲСӣϲĻǳףкβɣ
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δԭЩ԰׵ӣʱôһ˵˲٣һʱ֮䣬ֻеЩ΢΢ȡ
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±߰˹ϼҪȥʦһ˲ȥħͷҪ񣡡
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ЦߵطˣĪҪ£
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ЦħһüϵѪӡȻһ⣬˫Ҳһ±Ѫ죬һ±ࡣ
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δվԱߣҲ˼ЦһΪе֣࣬ڣ˵ӦøеİǣǴ˿̲֪ΪΣǹɲõԤУȴԽԽǿˡ
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Цһߣֻعͷ˵Ǹʱ;ƿݣֻһµ٣ȴʱү㿪ˣֻɽҲ׽ˣϴԪϢɻǵãհ飿
ȻǵãԺ棬ȻıҪţһĻһĻȻ򣬴˿ƽˮ˵Ȼǵá


0666 

Ц΢΢ף˫Ŀ΢ڹŴ壬Ⱦ޾ȣɺڶԪ˲űұǸܳԪϢԶ϶ʮǰϧǣµǸӤ
ŴԣԶв˸еһû뵽֮
Цʱ˵裬ʦֻҪ˺Ҿ룬Ȼ㣬Ϊȴֲ㣿˽ɱһ룬һ¾ͨˣ
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˵֮ԶŸУ˲ħͷȻ֮ʱƵôԶ
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Ц쿴ƽ˵꣬ҴΪ˱㣬ڶ֪ˣ𣿡
һ̣Ⱥ˵񣬾Ҳƽֻĳڱ𣿡

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˵˴ֻعͷ˵ף޹ģȴҪ㣬ҾͲ˺㣬Խ죬ˣ
Զ˶Ĭ˿ЦħˣȴҲ֮ˣǵΪҪɱôˣǸ޹ѵ˾Ͳ޹
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˴̧ͷЦһһ²꣬ǰΪҪؽ磿ǻһˣ׷ɱǰˣħˡ
һԶ棬в˽һǰõĴȷʵ˵Ц챻׷ɱؽ磬ԵЦı£ܹƵɽ¶㣿£ǲѰ

Ц˫ĿһȺɨӶȥһ˵ȷʵ׷ɱؽȥΪ֪ٴҲҴɽ
Ŵԣ֮У˶ڲ²⣬Ҵɽˣǻ˭ѵĸħŵ죬ȴЩԣĸħŵˣħʲôɻ䣿Ǵؽ׷Σ
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ԽԽǽţǵ꣬׷ɱǸˣ˭
ЦһҲǣǧټõ飬ʲôħˣˣǵУЩˣɱɱ


0667 ֮
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Цһ̧ϵصɱˣ֮ˣ˵˵ʦܽʲô֡
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0668 
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һɲǣɫȻһ䣬ǰ屻֮գ֮䣬һϵҲûСһ˲䣬ȻָӦһ˿صϢԶϵķ

׽һŵϢԥһǱնȥ۹֮ǵУ˲ֱӽһɽͷҲնƽˣҲһ˲䣬ʯ׷УֻһӰȻɽͷϷ˳˲֮Уȴǿģ
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0670 ɱ
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һѷɽһƴ顱һһشɽϣʱѪ˳ȥ
˿£һ̣ԶŸɵ˲ڷӦˣҪڴ˴ɱˣ


0684 ʦͽټ
̨ɽ𵴵ԽԽңڱ˻ңطһѱѪȾɫⴥĿģʱֻ֧ɱڵģһ̼ǲϧıԪȼ֮
һ˲䣬ط˹ָɣһնȥȻʱѻָѣ֪ƷӣֽգŶҪѪɺӡ
һƼͣһЦһն۹½ε顱һ˷طһǽݺ˳ȥ
ۣ
ص棬طһѪӿһ̧ͷһ˫ɱ۾͸˾֮ɫܹƷˣ̨ɽؽѪɺӣ
㡭ȥ
һ̣ɫɱⲻһŷطնȥҲͬʱһɲǣԶһɫ顱һһڵ۹½ϣһ½˻ȥ
ӡ
δһһΣ˲ǰסһ֮̽£֪ܻ٣ȥֻֻҶҲٻ٣ʱˡ
ŵˡ
Цϥڵϣ˫۽գոܷطһشʱɫ԰ףܹо˿Ϣŵûˡ
ϣס֣
ֻԶӰһ۵ߣұһ۵Ļ꣬λϲ
˵ʬǽ壬ѪɺӵһĻһѵЩˣȫ֣֮
ɫһ䣬һʱҵüͽˣ˵귽ž֮һ˫Ҳ̲סȥϡ
ϣü⼱æһҲʱȥֻ»Ӳ
ʱ̨ɽѾֹͣˣɽµҲȶȻŵ˼ʱ󷨡
ŵǰȼɽ˿һҲζӳ£Щ꣬Ϊ˵ִţʹŴţ̫ʼһԸţΣȵģȴš
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ɫЦЦϸɫɷףһָϣбУڴɱôˣѵԲ֪

һЦʲôǴɱǴɱңͲǴôҳҰϣ㲻Ǳһֱô
㡭
ϸɫһһˣ
Ҳǽʲôû˭ȵˣ䣬һطնȥ
ס֣
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ǣȴȻִţҪٴ߾ȴʱһȻԶ
һԭѪȵ޹ȣҲһ±ûȻյƣɲɢȥ˸崺磬£нƽ
ֻԶһӰն˵ǧ˳ȾӣôǰˣƾŮ·һ˸еһɱ
˲Ǳˣ
ӡ
˶̧ͷǱȥнƽֻ̤գƮȻǰ
һ̣ɽȶУ֮ڲطǱ߲֮ǰˣѲ֪ʱʧˡ
ϴʦͽ˷ֱ𣬲һʱ䣬ʱָľ£һأϵվ档
˶ĬɽһƬȻʱЦȻճյЦ벻ɡ
ĿȻϣûȥԶˣȴĿתƵϣֻճЦһָң˵ҪڶԪұڶħԪٺٺ١
ʲô
һԣ˽һѵֹħԪҲڣ˷ýħֻΪ˱ֶΣδ̫
ûĿʼͣϣòŵ֪֪
΢΢һɫһ±øӲ԰ףȻһЦûд
һ±ʮˣԶҲȻеһɺ⣬ɺ⣬
㣬֪֪
һ̣񣬺Ȼͬһͬһɽ޷
˶ס˺ǱߣüˣǶ˽ʦãһħֻǣֻǡ뵽˴˽˸


0685 ɢ
û̧ͷȻ֣Զ˽һ
Ȼһ䣬һ顱һһشϣʱһѪȥ

ͻһĻδŵþһҪȥȴ歷ţδ룬Ҫȥ
ԶɵҲסˣǧѣߵˣδ뵽ˡ
㣬֪֪
統ʱһɡҡҡλδӵվҡû
һԶ˸һ㶣û뵽˾ǿһ̧һƴȥһƣǳͣ顱һһѪ˶˳ȥ
Ҫ
δʱɫɷףȴ歷ţΣ歷򲻿ȥġ
ɫһףѸ˹ȥѪзʵ
û˵ֻǻȥĿȻϣһ̣˶Ĭɽȣֻз绺
ʱ˿̣˶һؿ·ֻص˵̨꣬ϣǸѪľǿꡣ
㣬֪֪
һ̱øӺˣ˽һɺ⣬̼׹޵Ԩһֻеޱȵ
ѪӿʱվҲҪվˣȴ֣ҡû
һ̣˶ס˺һ̧һ˲䣬·ؼԪһɿʱƿصʯҲȫɢˡ
ʦáҪ
Զüʧ˳Ƶһ˲䣬ЦȴȻǰȥǰߣڶħԪҪɱɱҺˣ
˿˶ź۾Ҳգһ£Ц컹˵ʲôһֻѪ֣ȴͻȻϡ
Сӡ
ЦعͷȥѪ˵вɵ΢΢һС˵СӣҪپˡ
ȴûǰƿˣĿȻҡûд
һ˲䣬ʧɫû뵽˾ǿҲҪˣ˶׹˺̶֮һֻеȫ䡣
ӡҪδ֮Уˮ
磬Ҳջǻơ
һѪӿŲҡΣ϶صʦ˵һСҶǵáֻǽգûдꡭҲûдĲң׵ƫǡ
˿̣ЩɵһȥɵţȴһͷĬħЩΪһ飬棬͵δ

Ȼ䣬Ц췢һƺߣţֻϺף쳣ǰطһشʱˡ
ǰһ˲ȥָԪһʱ֮ⷴࡣ
ߣȻ˵˵ĿⶼϣãŵʦͽԵ߰ɡһ۾
һ£ɽȸǱһĳţ˽Ŀɿڴûһ˵
䴵üͽԭأʦá
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ʲô֣㣬β𻰣
ҪɱɱˣˣҸոײ㣬ҲҪɱңûһˣ

ӽұʦˣøĿڣΪʦ
ŶŶ֪ˣʦ
Щǵ꣬Ϊʦ׷ħˣӼ֮شģΪ벻ĺ䣬Щ

Щ伮Ϊʦ㳭ʮ飬ʲôʱ꣬ʲôʱ˯

ˣʦԺҪһˣǰûңˣҾҲҪʦ¹µһˡ

һĻһĻ·𻭾һ㣬Ժлӹͷת̤صѪһһȥӰ˵į
ӡ
δᣬһڴϻ䣬˶ĬŲֻ̤ѪĽŲصɽȡ
ȻʱһɱȴԶط˺Ȼ˫Ѫ죬ǲϧıѪԪ󷢶һ
һ̫ͻȻûκǰ뵽ֻط˿һ磬˲ϢָһѪԪָ⣬һǼѪԪָ
˫ۣոһ̣ƽܵƽú޲һ˲䣬δܼʱط˵ɱʱȴѾˡ


0686 ħ;
طһѪԪָȫԪıɱһڻл֮䣬ʱܹӦ
ӡ
δɫһ䣬һ³ȥ˫ӡһᣬ˲ؿڷ˳Ȼˣֵܵ·طһ
飡
һ죬ֱӱ˳ȥط˵Ĺƣȴ˿δͣ£һѪԪָȴشϡ
δ롭
̧ͷʱȴÿδ뱻ɳȥӰ·Ļ꣬䣬׷ɡ
δ룡
һɲǣѹһ˲ȥ԰нס˻δ룬ֻһѪһֻ̣ǰؿ˵

񣬶ں棬طɫ԰Ҳû뵽һѪԪܹһɱȴû뵽˻δϡ
ȥ
˫Ŀѣһһһ·ɽʯҲ÷飬ط˶ܲһػУʱһѪѣ˳ȥ֪
δ롭ҪҪ
Ҫˣֻ۾ֱѪ죬ħɷһ
Ҫ
δѪ֣ḧϣһ£ӦҡҪгޡҪ𡭡
δ롭δ룡ҴӦ㡭ҶӦ㰡
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áá
ɬһһɽȥҲκˡ
¡һ죬һ̣ȴ˱꣬˶
δ롭歷˺ĳҲһ̣˵

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Ȼʱ˿̣ȴûֻǾŴУһԽԽԶıӰ

ط˵Ѫ֮Уþ˻Ȼһһغȴģţɣʱ˿̣Ȼûһȥ
δ룬Ҵߣ뿪ԶҲˣ²ǺθɣҴ뿪
ˣδ룬ü𡭡
δ롭Ҫ˯ţ𡭡
δ롭δ롭

ţ
̴ֻΣڵϣ±ӺͲλϡ
˳Ĭãղſڵ𣿡
໹ͷ⼸գʦһֱδ

˳̾ȥ˵תλʦΪһļƻʲô
Ŵԣ˽˼һŵ˰ɽϴλ̫ʼžۼ˲֮¹ܣʵǽԴ⣬Ī۵֮
󣬳˺һ໹濴ȥʦܾأ
໹洹˼Ƭ̧̺ͷ˵س֮ʱʮ鳤֮Դ̫ԻʮУ±ر䣬Ҫд֮
Ŵԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ĪôĿľǱ𣬶ǿ£˴Ұġ

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ǧʧƲӰֻͷˮŽϣС֣һѡ

ҹϴ֮ϣƺӿƻã˴ľ֮һۡ
绺±һıӰʼղԶ
ȻƺӿмһӰ˷˿ݣϣ໹档
ʦá
΢΢ͷʵʦҹΪ£
໹֪࣬Ըһ£˵ʱʦᵽԪӿֻ죬ĺ˻ףǴ˵Уʥļˡ

ֻ΢΢˵ͷƺ񣬶һ£Įˡ
໹ֵ⣬һ£ǰʦɽǸŮŮŰ꣬ѣʦѲյӣüʦǱߣֻϵһˣ£ʦ֪²Ůӡգʦֵ˼ʦõ¡
ŻһƬɫƺȻֹˮòŵʲô֡
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ģ·ߵĿݲݣХҰ֮Уֶ˼ִ̹Ǻ⡣
ҹ¹һ꣬ɽϻЩŢҵӡͳĺۼ
ⷽԲʮڣûһׯֻһ׵СƹݣɽµĹŵԣЪϢ֮á
ƹݲ󣬹㣬ǿֵɽ꣬ʱԼʮ˺ҵͣڵϡ
ƽСƹݣղ֪ģôĿˣһ¥¥ˣƹΨһСƣæڣ跹δĶǽˣ°һ¥Ŀչܵˣȴֵ˶¥Ŀˡ
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ƹ죬ǸʵˣλүСʵλүǾƲԿڣ
ƹģ޹أ
ֻǺӺȻվȴЩģԱһҲվţңˣ
ߣ
׺һ䣬˵룬ֲϣ˺УǻȴΪʦﲻʲʹ񣬻˰ŪҰ˵
һѾƹ˶һ⻰ҪǴʦȥùʦˣֻʮԴҲ˵Ҫǣ壬ɽҰ֮أô˵Ҳûϵˡ

ʱһϣһ̾Ϣȴһ뷢׵ߣֻ۰룬ҡͷ̾ʮǰɲ˰
һʮǰ֣ƹݵˣһ°ˣƽֹʹƹݵգȻ֮䣬øӳˡ
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Щ죬ŮģǵһˣòˣңͲϴһЩħ̵ˣֻ²롣
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Ŷ˴ʱȻ⣬λˣضҲһ֮˰ɣҲ֪
ʱ˶ȫעţֻ룬һ˵ʮǰ˸ӣһǿ֪λСǺ
⡭
󶼳˼һЩ֪֮µˣ˿Ҳװһ˼ӣһżһŰɵص˵λСѣƺǵ걻ȣΪʦ

ǰ׷˵λСѵʣʱգдɣ޳ĳ룬ʶһλǹȴͬСɣħ̵Ĺ
˴ƹݵˣԼͬľƱɫأ
߼˵һΣץλСѣȻҪȥȣһΣħ̸ҲȻʱŰλϣˣλ棬һλλɵˣ˾͸ǲˣɼһսжôҡ
˵˴˶겻ѣڵ֮£ٰˣִ꣬ӰԵʱøҪȥ˴һ£ҲֻЩ˰ˣħ棬˭ʲô
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ƨ
ʱƹ洫һѵ棬İ𣿡
ͻƹ˽һعʱֻȻ߽һµӣɫ䣬ֻһۣеһĪ־壬ͬеĻĸˡ
ȴ֪ʲôˣƹҲһæһЦλү룡
ߣ
Ǻһ䣬һλȥһ䲻˵ؼ飬Բض˵ţƹ䣬ȴҲþЩʲôö
˺ڵر˽һ㶣ǶⷲĽˣǲЩ£棬һһգػһͱ˲ˣ
ʱһ𣺡Ȳ˵Σ˵ŵ˲ʲôöĪλϣ㶼ˣ
һ㶣˵֮˲ǱˣȴǸոն¥ǸǳѵŮ
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һ˸ǸеһϣһľһͲ򵥣һССĪţ
Ǻã˵棬ûһбµģĻݵЩսʢбµĻβһ죿
һɲǣƹݸǱ˽·ֹͣˣֻⷲʿӲǣħ飬ʱ족֣Ҳ·һ׹˺Ԩһֻ̣޾Ŀ־壬ϸ˵ͷ
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ʱǺԱߣһµԵ˼䣬֪˵ʲôȥټ˵ˡ
Ƕ¥Ů˿Ҳ˻ȥټ˵ʲôˣưãɫԽԽ谵֪꣬ȴҪµʱ
ƹʿҲһټ˵ŵĻ⣬ǸУһ̶ʲô˼ɣʵ۶ˣʱˣȴȥκйص顣
ԭʮһӴΪ죬̶ʮʱ䣬ǽЩ꣬շ˴ССʮħɣһЩţ丩׳Ƴ
֣ħ棬ͬһĴڣû˸𣬸û˸ҵ䳤̡


0688 ɽ
է죬粻ЪþƹĹͣҡΣ̹ǵĺҲƮ˽ƹƽ˴ԭͻ谵ľƹݣһ±øˡ
СƵơ
һԸСȡ͵ƣһһϣʹþƹ￴ȥůһЩ
ӣҲ֪Ҫµʱһƹݵˣ߲ˣһֱʱǺȵԺȻѵһ˶˹ȴڿŻ
СƸſڹ̨ϣպ۲ãһ±˹æܹȥţһ򿪣һɺʱ˽ƹ˶Ī˸
ֻվ߸ˣŶۣΪһѪߣǽʬһվһţҲһ£ģǹ¡
ϴ˿ڣƲЩ˵ģСƳڴˣ˸ֵֹˣʱҲһһԭأƹæ˹Скλү
СŷӦæְ˸֣ЦǺǵλ͹٣롭
ΪѪ̤˽Ҳ˽һ紵ʹһҡΡ
ƹæǰЦ򼷣λүĪһ˵ţһ߸ϽСʰһС
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һССƹձΪɽҰ֮еСƹݣƽӴģҲ޷ֻЩϴķͣǽˣƺ򵥣ˣͬƹڣʱҲҳһڡ
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˵˴һƵľƱһƺһͷޣֻĳףѪǰıºɶռһ츣أǣΪҲҪ˵

Ѫֻǳһ̾˵Ѹߣܲס˵ˣһΣҪȥȥա
ƹݣһ˼ȻֻдҶĻ죬͸⣬˽ϢȫȻ˵ʲôֻǷע⵽ɽ֣ɽǽЩħоۼ֮أĪˣħˣ
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һ̾ϢѪȥһңȲ
ǣǣǰԵȡ
ƹŻعȥˣһֱҹʱ֣溮겻Ъһӵ˱ǼΪƣ룬˿̣ȴձ˵ſ˯ˣᶯӣҲҷ̫¾ŵǺˡ
ԭˣȴħѪѪ½̵ĽšѪӡħ棬Ҳľ
Ǻ꣬ǲڵƴˣҲЩʵζˣȴȥ֮ɽ
ҹԽԽƹݣҲһ˵ֵ°ҹʱǵֲɾ⣬һһֱ˯ˣȵڶʱǴϡ
겻֪ʱͣˣˣҲ֪ʱ뿪ˣͬ¥ǸǳѵŮһҲӰ
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½½ȥſڣȷЩ˵Ӱʱˡ
ԣǹأˣĪǽЩ˸°ˣһңЩֻǡ
˵Ҫȥɽɽħ˾ۼ֮أħΪֺȻۼԽԽ˰
ħ۹Լӣ˭˭ϵʯͷԸˣ
ССľƹֿʼ

ǳʱڣ࣬Խ䳹ǣδشȴ·Ҫص¡
Ԫ֮Ⱥɽ࣬˼ȺɽһɽԻɽҪʶ˽Щħɰоۼ֮
ɽδ۸ӣѰʮҵλģŮСƹһҹϢѪЩ˽ˡ
ЩˣȻڴˡ
Ůͷ˼Ƭ̣һΣգۼʧ˴ȴǲ֪ʲôˣһСС֮һЩħͷˣֻǳ˫Ҳɲȥˡ


0689 ˳
ɽҹ쳣䣬ɽϣ˷˿֮£ֻɽӰ´£Լۼ˰ˣѪӺƴٲȻС
Щʮħŵˣڴ˵˴ҹȴκ˵ʼЩͷˣһȻʮɽձ㵽ˣȴӰĪϷˣҵȣ
ȵȰգٵȵȰա
Ȼһϵ̾Ϣ˵֮ȴѪӣʱɫƽҲڴ˵Ⱥ˴ҹȴͷ
ֻüȴԽԽ䣬ʱԶһʯ棬ԼԼһӰǾƹǺŮӵҲ߯󣬾Ⱥħ
һٶˣѪЩˣнʮָܹϢԶκһ˲ʲô취ܹȥȫϢ
ֹ˴Լһʱ½˸ǵȵòͷˣвٶʼˣʱȻһϯڳ˽һϣ̰
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ʱôЩ꣬ȻҲѲǵƽǸССˣһ˻˴ĸı䡣
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˴𻰣˺һżһСվ˳ȥЩţͷǰ屧ԶУصǰʹ˵˵˼Ҳˣʲô飬ʹ˹ȥһ˾ͺˡ

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0690 ɱ
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ʵ֮ǰŵµʲôʶ˽ҲЭʱȻҪٹƷǶˣȴҪţ´񲻱Ҫǵˣ
Ȼȴû뵽ǰûһЭɱһˡ
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һΪƣΪ׳һȻ춯ء
˿ֻ̣ʣ²ڵƴ˻վһˣȻȥΣ
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ʱһСߣֻЫŵﲻϹ齵ˣʹ㿴ô죿

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κʱŮʯͷ߳ɫ˼Ыţ


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գʱ·˻ȥƬƺҲƽϢããҹɫֶ˼

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Щ죬ѾڸطƷ󣬶ҲŽӽ쾳ΪʱȴȻһĽ

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֪˾սսپԳбǼΪҲһ¶һһѳɽһһѪӣħʮķ

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һȣֻһ½ʮ˳ȥȻ߷ħԪɡ
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ӰԺڰ񣬾һ˫εĹ֣סڳ˵ĺûһ˸ҷ
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񵭵һ˵ţһԶ￴ȥһɲǣҲ·סˣһ¡֪ģ


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ϣĶ⣬˽¶˲֮ɫˡЫţ˳Ϲϵôˣָ˭
һ̣˶첻ѣΨʱУȴֲ˼ֿ־塣
Ϸ򡭡˵ʲô
һ˵꣬ħٴߣһ˲ٳȻ֮ͬǰһǼһ˵Ѷ㿪ȴ֪ΪΣһ˲ԭʧˣһٳʱʮ⡣
Ͻ亹ôܣ˵ٶ֮죬Ϊ˺εȾ磬ѵܣܣ
˿̣ɵֹʮ壬ǰʼˣÿһ£ЫһΣô
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һϣħԪһһιȥһΣ֣˲ǰһ죬סĺ

棬綸ȻһһոշʲôȫȻûп壬ûпγֵġ

ɫ԰ףħԪһתǰѳɽһ·󣬳նȥȻɽгʱһ֪ʲô裬һ±ˡ
ۣ
٣ʱһѪӿȻѪʱҲ޷ϣΧȴһ֮֡
ɫ԰ףһأˣһήȥЦȴм䣬ҪģǱţҪģҲţ˵Ҫֻѣǵ

ɫҰףҪ֪ʲôҸ㣬Ҹף
ûĿȻϣصôǾݱ֪˽ֹһΣȥԨǱѰҵ֮ǣ˵Ĺô
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ϸһûѪɫ£Ͷ磬ûκ֪ǰˡβģ
Ŷˣһ¡
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˲ɱġ
˵ȷʵб£ڵĶŶҩҲһ£Ż󣬳뱾Щ飬ΣҲɱˣ£֪ġ
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һ̣ɫ԰ף̲סйһЦٽˡ
ȥ˫ָ󣬵صԼ֣Ǳ֡
˶ס˺ٺٲЦֹݺһ벻ȴ³Թ˭Թ˭
ȥǷ˶ϣŹף
Ȼֶ񵭵ĿԶÿɷ񣬴棬ɫһҪ
ٺ١ãá
ЦһȻħޣΧʱֻ˫һ̧ȫħԪԼȥȻһɲǣһһȥɣ
ԭԼŵ˫ƣȴȻϮȥһ̫ͻȻȻҹӰʮĻȴҲˣȻվԶɫȻ䣬û뵽ƥ򣬾ȻЫƴһ
Ȼһ˲䣬ﱾϮ˫ƣȴȻͣ˰Уֻһڣ˫һ¶סԼĺֻ۾ԽԽضһ仰Ҳû˵Ͼûκһ˿Ϣͨһ˵ϡ
ǰһ̻ˣ̶һ˲䣬ͱһûʬµһ˿ڶûУ֪ôģȻվԶһжļɵˡ

Ŀѣһ´ӵڷ˳Ȼһһϣ顱һһǽϣʱǽײ÷顣
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û˵תȥˣУʮĵӰһΣЫţյյϨ𣬺ڰ֮У̼Ѫ֡
Ȼȥ棬С˵ƥ򣬰ԣ๼ֻǴ˱ϾħΪʦħǱߣ֪ϡ
񵭵˵һСģΪΣȴеӣðЩ£
Ȼ룬һ»Ȼ򣺡ϵ˼ǡ
ǱָʹʮӣҲҶҵˡ˵
Ȼһô˵ħǱˣҲǣЩռٵط˱ضġ
û˵ÿɷ񣬹һŵ˼ˣȻȥɡ
Ȼ΢΢һ̧ͷϣǴ㡭
Ҫȥһط
һ̧ͷԶҹĻֵɽӰ֪ʮȥˡ


0696 ʮ֮Լ
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ͣ΢΢תͷ˵ЩգڵӦǻҽӴһ£֪
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ȻɻһǵĴħ֮һӲʲôˣո˵ɶЩ飬ô£
飬Ҷһ䣬˿ǹ˹֣±ضհ졣
΢΢ף˫һ㣬Զȥˡ
ȻʧıӰüԽԽʱᷢѾԽԽ͸λˣԷ£뷨ܶʱ򣬶̫Զ

Ыűһ£ħ֮𾪣棬е
Щ콫ԪŪȷѪ꣬ѪһĪҲӣǸˣ꣬ǷҲû뵽
˿ħһص棬ֻվӰһ뷢ףɫ˪ħ档
һ˳òӢħаޣһµӣϢ˵Զа֮ϣħҲ͡
ֻħɫȷʵû뵽ʹǴȥ޾ɽѰħʱͿˣǳ֮Ҳû뵽ʮڣ˾ԪƱ仯û뵽Ŷ̶ʮʱ䣬ԷΪ˿¡
֪գʱ޾ɽҲҪɱˣʱֻţ˱ƣһΪУһħٺòȴֻ뵽һ㣬û뵽ʮڣ˻һһ̲ħɵ
ħħ棬ͬһĴڣڣѾвħ̵ĵλˣһУһһؿ֪ʱͻȻ
һħӿȥ˵ǧУϴˣãмʤ㣿
ӣˣħΪص֮һгģȻᣬʵ䣬ȴ֪
˿ֻ̣հʱ䣬ֻ޵ʮУʮʱ䣬ȴ޵ðУǻصʮǰҪʤֻһҪʤңҲֻһ
ħҡҡͷ˵ԷƱľħǵħ洫Ĺао
ҡͷЦʦԲ͸ˣˡ

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ȥüͷЩ̲ħһЩţ丩׳ƳʵЩģӵʱ㽫Ҳ̲ˡ
ħʼһɢɳ˲ҲʮǰԪˣħɷ׷𣬿ȴϣ̸ɶ̲ˡ
ɶȥһ̣ԺֳָʮǰһΣȥ޾ɽѰħʱһУһηֿ󣬶˱ҲûмˣҲû뵽Ϊŷɥ֮
նȥɡ
ʲô
һԼˣȥ죬ϲһ±ò԰ѿԣǱȾڤµĵطȥ
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֮󣬽ǲΪ㡣ɶ˵ţһͥȥˡ
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ɽ䣬ããѰݳʮﴦɽɽ³ãɽصٻȪˮʯ죬ġ
˿ɽ֮ϣ±Хùɹӭб֮£Ӱ
㡭ˡ
壬ʮǰǸһ˿ɣ߻תģδ䣬ʮǰؤ
Ѳ֪ʱɽۣһƣֻǼƮİ׷ݣҲ轣ꡣ


0697 ֮
ʮˣ벻㻹ǵͷһ仰ؤǰϤİӣ˵
ʮˣǰҲδǡһ˵ţһȥеľƣԷȥ
ؤžƺڱǰһ£һصݳǵ𣬶ݳǵһ𣬺ܺãܺá
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κϲŭ֣ƽƽκ
ܿ죬һһ丵βʣؤ˸ã΢죬м̬·ֻص˵ʱһ㡣
֪ǰմ

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תֶ¶İɽһͷ׷˵ǰҹȥǷڣʱûɱҡ
ĬңһЦǵʱɱ㣬Ӵ˾ܸıԪŵصˣͷ˵ɱˡ
ǽգǰҪˡ˫ɸԶɽأص
һ̣ĬңЦݽʧҲǶɽȥ˵س֮ʱͬʱʮ֣ʮ鳤֮ԴΪңһλ˽ȡ
˵˴ͣһֱּΪ̶աԨ졯ǡաȪ
ǰƺ֪ࡣԶɽ
Ĭңÿһͬʱз֧ǣϵ˽գÿһֻۣ֮Ҫҵۣ֮ǣ۸֧ǹʣ˺̶֮֮ۡۡԨ֮֮֮֮ۡۡۡۡȪ֮ۡ
˴ȥصͷµûСյģǺ̶֮ۡ
ĬȻһŵֻ˵һ룬ĺ̶֮۲ֻһ롣
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Ĭң۰룬ͷµòСЩۼ֮Ŀֻһ̫Ŵ˵ġʮ󡣡
µ´ȻĬңͣͣ˶ֻ֪ʴȴ֪֮ǰӦΪ̫ŵһӵŤתǬߵʱ֮
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һĬȻбķֺαˣѾ߹ˣδ˵һ£Ԫ޿ɸģͬûֻܹһܹŤתǬߵ

Ĭң̾һ˵ҪʮϵҲΨˣܿʮ󣬵Сѻ֪ǣϵ˼ˣһۺϣʹ綯ҡʱ֮Ѻ۱ң٣˼䣬һ֪һʱ˻ģһ޷ֹ䵽𡣡
ǰ˿˵Щ뱾кθɡ
صЩշɣҪĿģ۵֮Ѱۣ֮һУΪҪ
Ĭң̲ס̾ϢͷֻǲԸ㲽̶ݡ
ԽգǰҪֹˡȥ񽥽ϵĺâԷ
ҲգҲա
Ĭң̾Ҳȥ˱˴˶ӣб˵Ӱӳø壬ȻֻôʯһɲǼ䣬˾˫˫֣Գ˴ӿȥ
¡
һ죬ͬһ㵴ȴ⸽һУƽˡ
ʱɽҡضֹݳǾ˴ʮ֮ңܸ֮ܵ˿ͻ𵴡
һƣĬңȻˣǰ֮ˣҲǵǸƵˡ

һ̾Īǽգ֮䣬һҪ˼֮ʣĬңŶ겻Ĺһ˲䣬ŭ֮Уˣ̲ꡣ
Ҳ죬ʯ׷ףգһͷ׷裬ٿȻ֮䣬˫пٵ֮һоʱƾ䣬ʧɫ
Ĭң壬ʱҲֻϮǱƵòסˡ
𣡡
һȣֻĬң̤գΪһɢ֮һлΪޡ
Դ˰嫶ʼճӦԣأ۹¡
ֻ⸽һУľۣɽʯݣȴȻʤܣȻһֻĬңУָһһΧʱƲ㣬ҲΧתһɺ۶ɡ
ɫ䣬ǰһĻȴ֪ԷҪŽˡ


0698 
ԽԽӿȣֻĬңϣһ⣬һ㼸ʵĽ
Ŀ΢΢һǵؽ콣콣һ˲ȼȫԪ
һ˲䣬Ĭңѳɣһһҫ۰׹⣬Ƴգֱ
һ޿ɵֵŽ֮˲ʱĬˣǰʱ绤֣ȻĬңһʱ绤־ǲ飬һջؿڴ
˫һ̧ٴߣҪӲһϴʱĿһʹɫһףһƺߴӺ﷢ҲһɲǣĬңһѾ콣֮κηһ˵ʱ׹ȥ
һȻδͣǷĬңˣҲ޷ջһˣ׹УԽԽĽһ̣ǻص˵һ㣬Χ޾ĺ
һΡô
ǧĪޣİĲĪ˼
Ȼһһӿ޿ƥе콣ͬĬңڣҲһѪӿ󵹷˻ȥ
ΪʮơʮԼһƷƷȴʮѰ֮ʱ֮࣬󻯽Ƶӳˮ飬֮ͬ
ոĬң콣УΪʹ׹䣬δȴлȥزȥˣ֮޾Ȼ
¼䣬ƴ˽벻СԴƷƴ˽
Ĭң±ϣѪһоɫŽ콣ƽ֮Ƿ콣ʱбشһ־һ־նһʮ෴ʶƣǡƴ˽
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ĬңҡͷЦСƣ¼䣬ܹƽ⣬ǣСͬľ֮ˡ
˵˴ǱЩ̫һˣĬȻһֻ̣һʮ֮ˣô¾ֻһˡ

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˿̣һصֻǵΨһһʯ̨ʯ̨ϣϥһˣ˫գݲϣ׷ɢ󣬲ǱˣȴյķطˣʱȴֵõһϢˡ
ʯ̨ǰϸϸһȴһʱȻнŲ𣬻طˣֻɽˡ
ʦܣˡ
طȻ˫ۣصһϣʹȥʮǰȴǲࡣ
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ʮǰһΣҲ˵ط˵üأһѪԪָһԪЩΪҪҪǣطһִħòʱȥһְڴ˾ֱȫնħɳȥ
ʮһգ벻á
ڣط˻۾һ˫۾Ȼϣʱȴ羵Ȼ˵ݣϢȴԷѰ˿ɱȡ
ʱģɽοʮȻʹִնħˣãܳȥˡ
ϲʦ֡
ϲ֮飬˿Աطȴ仯ֻкοϲʮǰһΣһִҲʹˣ
һ̾Ϣǻں֮⣬ɽҲͷȥ˵Щ𽥻ָʦֲΪʮǰ֮¶ڻ

һȻ̾Ϣط˵ҲգҲգ˵˵ʮ䣬ɡ


0699 ̽
Ŵԣɽ˲ɵüͷһ壬ʵʦ֪ʮִħ
ʮ꣬Ԫ˷츲صı仯˥䣬ħʢ⻹и񣬸Ҫǣ仹һ죬һ
ԥɣط˵˰ˣ˵գصΪִ֮£ҲãһҲգΪֶѷ¡
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һ죬һ꣬ϵˡ
طҡҡͷǾֹˮû̫仯޵֮ˣˣ˵ʦܣȥɡ

ɽ˵ͷҾ͡ʦˡһ˵ţһתȥˡ
طʧڵıӰһɲǣ˫Ȼһ˿ĺ

졣
Ӣͷףʱ׷Уˣʤա
Ӱһȹ˿٣ǻδ룬ұòʤѩ¹
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¹ҡҡͷ֪ȻӴģûã˱ˡ

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ķʮȹ̣һ㼫Ľ磬滹ŵħڣ׹ǳġǴ󡱡
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˻ȥ̤գոǸȥˣƬ̺ʮһϣֻǵʯʯѱָ򴩣ĵϣһ̯Ѫ
Щʱ޿˿죬ȻĿŵģŻǵһΡ
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ȻһոˣֻһֱûҽʱδˣŸ˵գڵˣ£һϡ
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ʱ˶أȴֻһƿҩǶˣֻ÷ʳһƿ¶
ԼǹŶˮرϣɶľȫЩʧ߻ħ˶Է
һеһУ·ӡ˴˿ֻСС໨ƿϡ


0700 
ޱķԸ¾ȸˡ
Ȼǲֻƿĺ壬΢΢ףȥɡƿɶֻƿȻ֪Է⡣
ԽԽɶȻϣǵյĵ֮飬պĪҪҲ̲ڵĵط
ƿȻ£ֶκ޳ҲǣǹŶ棬ɶжֻһ㣬ħ汵ĵǱǶġ

ҹ繳ڱĴϣɫ쳣Ĳ԰ףȻĬңԪ濴£ȴǣڵɡ
ԭҶٿɱ⼸ʮǰһ˵̫أѾغ˻Ҷӵ֮

һƺߣɫøӲ԰ףܹ⾳ĸһ㣬ʹΪͻһ磬˵ܹȫѹƣٿɱЩǡ
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ǡ˵ĲСġ
Ȼ䣬һ亹΢΢תͷȥδ롭
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ǰһʱѣǰǰѾˡδ˵ţƽƽڽһһ
δ롭
Ȼתͷȥؿһ̣ŷ·ͻȻʶʱѾȥʮˣЩʱ˯ʱѣ֪һλ˯ǺʱҲ֪һѣǺʱ
ˣԼΪλҪһְˣʱŻ
ӡ
δָϹһ£·ǰһ㣬Ƥ˶ϣҿɲ£һҪӡһ˵ţһһ¡
ʱƤӣȻЦЩöô飬Զ޷ĨɷԭеᣬǣҲֻǰһ˶ѡ
ʱȻнŲ𣬸ֻӰ˽ϡ
ǶˣһŰ£һ£ϽһɴδҲڵ֪Щͻˡ
δ빬Ҳڡ
ôҲ𣿡
δ˿ȥȴЩ䣬ˣǱˣҹӰʮˡ
ҹӰʮˣЩֶһɱ˽ÿÿҹĻ£ʮˣµӰӣӰΣ޴
ҹӰ֣ŷɥҲֻδ
𽣬𰣬¡
ˣˣµŮа𽣬µŮӣ𰣬˵֣͡
ǡ
˹˹֣Ҫ˳ȥδҡҡֵˣһعˡһ˵ţһתȥˡ
δ롭
סգδ뻹ԽԽԶˣһŻعͷ±߰ȴҳֱãſʵǲ鵽˵ݡ
𽹰˹֣˵ϣѾ鵽ݣ̫ʼŵˡ
Ŷ
û뵽Ȼ̫ʼŵˣԺһ»ʮǰĳ֮棬
̫ʼԪˣӣҪˣңһζ뻹ǳ
С˵̫ʼţ˵ϹʱĹһһֱ֮Уǵи֮ˣĿǰ޷뿪ģǳĻ
ЩʲôˣȻ
Ȼһ̣Ժֻ˵ӣǷڻǻɱš
ƵΪˣԣ֮ҲԷĸֻʱѣһδô׶Ը
ܹƺϺڣﵽڵΪ򣬾Բ׶Ը̫ʼЩϺϵϹǡ
ʥǰĸΪ磬Ϻֻǿʼλ۷쾳ǰϺȻͬһĴڡ
Ϻ֮Ƕڣ˶ڣɽأܣʹһߵͣڹȥļǧ˼伫ٳֹڵĸ֡
ڶ֮󣬱ǳʥ׶ΣҪɹʥȻҪĸ׶Σؽ٣շɴ
ǹ֮˶Ϸǣȴмʥ
˿̣ĬȻܹһٴﵽڣʱ㵱հˣȻ̫ʼŸ־ʱҲٵʲô
ʱȻС⣬ϣһ¡
عȥ£˵
Ǻ̶֮
һ̣ɫʮˣ˵֮ǰǱߣȥˣǰЩմϢѾ̶ֺ֮ôһ뺮̶ۣ֮Ȼڸһ뺮̶ۣܹ֮ȡһ뺮̶ۣ֮ô̶ǵˡ


0701 
̶
һɲǣһһ־ڱصãκȾ̶ָ
̧ͷ˿С˵һκ̶֮۳֣յϢħɣħѾ˹ȥ⡭֮УҲ᪸ȥˡ
Ŷ
֮øˣЩˣΪֹۼ֮ħЩˣ̶֪֮۵һΪգȴȻ᪶ȥԶ׼Ŷħһߡ
Ҳѹ֣Щ죬շСЩħһʼǸ󱲣ЩȻӵħһ¸صħˣûʲôֵġ
ϡڴΣ𰿴Сʵ
࣬ı졭
һɲǣȻһ⣬ʹǰȡҹӰУҲеһ
Ǽ϶ƱڤӡˡѪӣһֱվħǱߣЫţȻҪȥжˡ
˵ţԪֻĴħڣոˣħĹǣ⼸꿴Ĵħ֮µɣʵȴħȹ̽ɽ
ϵ⣬·øӺˣһʵЩˣѾǰˡ
ϣӥ棬ڤ棬ѪӵˣѾ᪶ȥˡ𰹰˹֣С˵
ʮ̵ˡ
΢΢ףʮ̵ĹȴЩ˵ʵҪǣסһЩɣлףѪЩ˵Ļûһ˿ʤ㡣
˵ʮЩ˲Ѫӵ˵Ķ֣ͬʱˣټһħĻҲ˵мʤ㡣
üʵϡҪô죿
˵ĵУʮ֮ħžصĵλһ˳õ̶֮۵һ룬Ǿ;Բȥɽħס
Ŵԣ˸üһףҪΣֹȥɽ
Ը˵ĻǿֱӳҹӰʮˣԷɱɱڤ˷ǱѰҹӰδܹɱɹʧֱܵļʣ󣬶һʧֱܣʱ죬ı

䵭صÿ˶ÿ˵㣬ʹħ֮УķҲ⡭
ŴԣЩƶǶߵߣҹĻµʣֶ˵ڤǰ޵֮ˣһʦܣɽӣڲɽÿʱ򣬱ڤӶȥˣǱڤһҪˡ
˴Ȼ˼֣ˣħ涼֪ʵڷݳżҾ죬Ѫӡ
˵˴ͣתŶ˵ǰʶһ̵ķŮӣŮӵʱȫԪħӤŮֻתΣѲǵÿ꣬ԾɻȥŮӣδѰҷǰ
˴ˣеЩϮЩҲ֪Ǻʱ֪ģ
ԭΪЩ꣬һֻδ빬ϣȴû뵽ԭϢô£ϵнȾ棬ǰȥ˱ڤ˵顭
ֲħôΪЩˣǴĵ׺һ˼ܣ¹ϣΪּߣ֮ˣܹ£
˺һ˲ŻСʵϡȥģ
ͻȻ죬򵥵⣬ʵôʳԱ߰Ҳüһֵۣ᷸ͼĴ󣬽ȴˣ
ȴδ⣬ֻǳңȥɽȻˣȥ

ɽڣǼ֮أɽӴǰ޵֮ˣȴʦֵħǣҲòħֻЩϲħеϣթԲڴˣ£ڤӵΪĵУǳࡣ
˿һֻһµϥڵأתϢмֵõ˵ӣǱڤӵʦɽӡ
ʱнŲɽδֻۣÿ꣬ʦֶǶٴΣΪǰա
䣬ƺԶԵħ֮¹ڻǴ˿߽ģȴǱڤӣͰˡ
һɲǣɽڲ˲ԣȻʦЩɱϺʱһ˵ĺ⣿
Ǻˣ
ɽİ֮󣬵ʱɫһ䣬һ˲һɽݡһնȥ
ɽʱȻһɽɵǰʱȴǱһ֮סˣϲɽôʩҲǰвһˡ


0702 
㡭
ۼɽ˿ǰвãɽӸɫ䣬ǰ׷˾ǺηʥΪʦֱڤӣܹ˿㣬һ˿붯ãȫס֮ˣĪǰˣһϺڵĸ֣
һ£ɽӸ׹ѣɫˢһ±ò԰ѿֶֻǰȥÿһɽϱһֳɽҲϲȥ
ǰؽţ¡ûж⡣
˵ţɽӺһϣоɫ˵˭طֻʦֲ֪ģ
㡭㾿Ǻˣ
ô
Ѿߵǰصˡɽǰ졣
㣡
ɽӸǶȻһһ족֣һ׹ǰ˭ˡ
ڶգڤʦܳ£ظ뷢ףȴһ£ϺأʱһĻʱɫ䣺һΣ
ڤǰþò
һ˵ţһ߻ȥں棬ɽӱЮţʦ֡
ʦܡ
ڤһۣϾɫڣȥ˵һʲô£Ϸǣʦڴ˿޶꣬ӲɼЮΪ⣿
ǰˡ
һۣ˵ֻɽǰԵ֮һ;ڲͬ⣬۵̸㣬ǰȥ죬סϼգԱе֮󡭡
㡭
ڤֱɫѿȴ޿κΣڤǰʱգֻúڱǣЩʱ䣬ɽǰԻƽ¹
ٺ٣ãá
ֻڤӲЦȻб£ϷΨһʦܣҲҵ
ǰˡ
ֶȥ˵𽣬𰣬ɽǰ졣
ȥ棬һʱһ⣬ʧԶƲ
żʧڤӽָʵû뵽һ¾Ȼֻ֮̾һץҵʦܣħ棬һأѿܰﲻˡ
ͬʱ˵а½̣ѪӵɷڵϣһöɫѪʱɫҪжŵ±ߵĵӣ
һȻֶΡ
ȻڷļҾ죬ѪڷʶǸŮӣ£ħ֪ʵ벻β鵽Щģѵˣ֪ͨ
ʱħħյѪʱϢɫҪжˣؼʱ̲ܻȻȴͬʱ˵ȥˣȻֻһֿܣܵ˼в
ĵ滹վһӰ˳һ£òӢǳֻܹвڤ˵ģһҵ˸Ե㡭ڴΣ
һ
ħɫԽԽڣΪûܹ޾ɽ潫˳ȥħɵ׽⡣
㼴̰ţȥɽ
ȻֻħɫһĿȻ̶Ƭ̼䣬ʮִľģһΣȻϧһдۣҲú̶֮һʱħ棬ֻˣﻹħ̵ĵλ

졣
ҹƺӿ棬һߵ£ħ£ʵҹӴ˴ܹƬƺۣżơ
˿ֶۣ֮һƬӿɫƺмȻֻһˡ
ϡ
棬أŻƺֻһУ׼𣿡
ϣһж׼ˡ
صһСʵȥһ¡Ҫ¹δ빬𣿡
ʱˣʱԻ˵
תȥǰˣ˵
һħȥ˲˵ɽ㰵ǰȥعš

ɽλԪڣ⼸ǡ࣬ʱ֣ɽ·ҲŢУɽʮ֪֮ɽԴ˸Сéݣǿ֮ЪЪţܱꡣ
˿һССéȴֻ֣߰˸ˣ߰棬ߣĸȥɷĺ֮꣬ȴǶȻһֵ껪ĺŮŮ˫֧ãµ˵
С˵ɶЩ֮̾ˣƹӣӦǳţҪһɽʱıȫħˣ㵱治£
һ꿴ŮŮһɷнµģһЦ²£˵ԼħˣǰЩƽЩɽ۸գǲҲֺݺݽѵЩɽǻ˵ĻǾ͸Щɽһ۸ˡ

һͷһЦϲŮЦƹ಻ʮ߰꣬ССͣĪǾ֪ʲôǺˣʲôǻˣ
ŮȴھƹŮ֪ģЩˣǰƽǰ߸˽ѵɽˣͬڴˡ
ˣȴ£ʮˣʱΪ׵Ǹ۰룬˵Ҫһ𣬵Ҳ޷ڣЩħˣҲϲ¡


0703 ˮ
಻ϣֱ֮ʱŽͣ£һ̽ͷͣ˵磬ͣˣҪɽ𣿡
ɫһޣ߰ɡϥţ˵
ѽѽ
ŮԵǸˣǰ˵Ǻ꿴ȥ壬ո˵ʮǰ㵱ʱҲڳ𣿡

ҡҡͷ˵ʱҲδڳֻ˵𣬵ʱҪɱɲ֪ΪΣһƣδȥ
˴ŮЦݽʧˣȡ֮ģһ˵ĸɫʱʵôƺЩܸȤ

ŮŻع˵ûûУǣħ𣿡
ߣ
ȻΪ׵Ǹ߷һߣԱߵĺСʵôˣ
ʲôħʱ˶ҪɱصʦҲҪɱֻҪˣħɱˣʲô
ҡ
Ů֪ǲǸղһ䡰ħˣʱԱһ̾˵䱾ħ򣬱ǵһսȴΣư
ħħôĽɣ
ʱȻһм˽һ˿ǾȻ˿δв
˭
ſڶĺ굱ȷ˳ȥֻŢɽ·ϣȻվ˶ʮӰλʦ̫ΪףұΪףЩ˵װ磬ƺͬһɣɵˣڸո˵֮ˣһλɫ۵ʦ̫
Ǻˣڴԣһ̼˷ʦ̫ȥ
ԣ
ʦ̫бһۣߵǱʦţħŮȾɱ˸ɵˣʮɱѵ㲻ħ
ɱЩ꣬ѵЩνɱ˾𣡡
ǺӼ꣬δ˵꣬һӣǺķʦ̫ȥ
ħ̷ʦ̫ɫ䣬зһӣһ顱һǷ˻ȥ
ħˣ񣡡
һɫ۵ʦ̫Ҳé༸Ҳˣλʦ̫󣬺Ůһ쾪˳ʦ壬ʦ壡
ԭλʦ̫ȴŵʦ̫ʦ̫ұߵˣȴǲطȵˣΪ׵ߣǵڶȺɽ׷̫ͺ׳ˡ
ȻҲʱϳ˺Ůʦ̫ɫ΢΢һû뵽ŮȻڴˣʮЩħһʵˮڴˣʦأ

Ůһ޴룬͵ɽģʦ֪˵ʦʦ
δ˵꣬ʦ̫Ȼһ߳ȣʮ˵Ǻôӣ֪ʦ˭ҲҴ򣡡
Ҫһ𣬲ǡ
ۼᣬŮҡ֣Ҫͣʱȴ͵
ʦ̫ˮĪ㲻֪Щ˸ɱ˲գ۵ħͷ𣡡
ǡ
Ůҡ֣ҪͣԱ˼ͲŮһ㣬ֻһֱδʶѣʱʵɷ֪ʦкţ
ҡ
Ůδڣʦ̫ȵߣʦӣǵϹ˹ۣҲҴ򣿡
һʮǰ֮ͽ˽һ𣬶ʱʦ̫Ȼһһ½ˮ˰ȫط漴ʮ̵˴һ
һߣ̫ͺ׳˻ͽڴˣʮ̵ħһ飬ʱ˫ѾҲ̹ȥ
˾ЩУһʱذѷʤˮվԶżϺţǲҪ˰
Ȼʮħˮ𣬼ضƴһ˭ģ
ʱԶȻһɽâն䡱һһ½ʮ˳ȥ˱Ѫֹˮŵûʧɫͷȥֻһշ˹ֳɽȴǲطȵĶ
ʮѹΪҲԶǵɱˣʱˣʮǱ߼֪սһ磬ߣ
ҲԥʩչߵɽǱȥˡ
ʦ̫ʦ̫ȥ׷һ죬λʦ̫ȥ׷ˡ
Ŵԣλʦ̫ͣʦ̫ż˶ߵķһߣǼã´ټҪնڽ£
ʱˮȥüʵˮڴˣ
ҡ
ˮδԷһĻعԭȴʮǰµǸŮǲͽ໹Ȱ˵֮£ջŮţȴʮŴӣǵʮ˴ӡ


0704 ᪺ҹ
ʣˮһʱҲ֪λشʱ׳̫˵Ƿǻˣˮ°˴
ǡ
ˮʲôЩü۵ĸо˵ٶҲûãԲȥˣ˵ʦҺʦʦ᪲鿴춯ǰɢˡ
ԭˡ
ʦ̫΢΢ףзһ˵вħҲ᪣ˮУֻΣգħ˾Ͳˣһɡ

ˮ˵ͷһЦ룬ոλλϲӦѾԶˣǧĪҪˣȻ϶򲻹ʦ̫˵ġ
߰ɡ
ʦ̫ҲͷһЦȻ֪ʱŮ룬ӣ˽Բϲˮɰȴϲ
һʮ·ʱɫѺڣǰɽ֣͸һ޾Ĺأʦ̫ͣҹĻµ룬ü˵ѾˣҪɽ𣿻ǵٽȥ
ʦ̫ɽƬ̣˵ٽȥɣħв棬ǵ˴תȥΣ

΢΢ףҹĻµɽĳͬʦ̫Ŀħթ黫濴ƽ޲ǵ߰ɣҲĵѻϡ
ú󣬱ȥԶһ꣬ʪأˮһɾĵط£λʦʦǣĶôʹħ𡭡
ħˣ˵ȫɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷ𣿿ǼǰƽǼλ·ƽϵİճҲûʲô£ΪҲҪ˵ɱ˲գ۵ĵħͷ
Ҳ棬ȫǺˣħ棬Ҳȫǻˣ𡭡
ʦأǸδıʦأҲ˵ħͷ𡭡
ʦʮǰλʦ֣ʱԼʦһ±ɫȴܹܳʦصǸˣԼʦ֡
Ů˫֧ã£˿̵˼֪һ͵͵ɽҪҵλδʦ֣߱˸طڴλʦҲҪɽˡ
ܱô˵һΣҪλʦ֣ţλʦ˿ɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷ
ʦЩ˿ԣôʱԼÿʱʦȻ¶Ǵһ˿Ƿʹ࡭
һΣԼҲҪҵ飬٣ٲʦôѹЩ飬ʦһ˷Ӳκ˵
ˮô
Ȼʦ̫һױΪȾ磬緲һÿͣ˴ɽδ֪Щˮ͸Ǻõġ

ˮŻعæҡ֣ҲҲллʦ塭һ˵ţһֵͷȥ뵽˸ոյ飬ʦʹԼҵˣԼ
ʼղףʦʮ˴ӣʦȴΪҪԼΪʮŴӣһԼ͵ʦһ𣿳ƺѺʦǣҲʦʦˣʦˡ
ĪôˣʦԶֻʦһͽ𡭡뵽˴ŮвЩ
һֱҹʱ֣࣬бңȻһ춯Զ˾һʦ̫ٴȡһö㣬ֻ˸ֹһüͷ
ʦ㣬ôˣ
ʦ̫Ҳö˸ֹ㣬üͷҲһʦ̫ʦǣʲô鷳ˣ̹ȥ˵꣬ȥʦ£һ
ˮҲһ´վʵʦ壬ʦ壬𣿡

ʦ̫˵ͷһɫأ˵ˮһǧҪߡ
λʦ壬ȵȡ
ˮһ죬ûüסλʦ̫ѾµӿԶȥˣգ۱ʧӰ
λʦ̫ߵ˴æǱ߳ʲôˡ
ʧķ˵ˮȥˮ㰲ڴˣգܷʦʦǻϡ

ˮǿһЦԲطȵ˿ûʲôøУԼɽҲǴһ顣
ʱȻüһ˵Ҳȥһط׳죬̫رˮ˵գ˲仯һԶȥˡ
ʦ壬ȵȡ
ˮֺȻգ֮䣬ѲӰˡ
Ǻǣˮﲻغ£Щħˣǲҿġ
ʱ̫ͺ׳ƼЦǺǵģˮֻеһ飬ܾģǿ˵ħ˸¡


0705 
ˮͷֻø͵ǰλʦڣЩǲҹġ˵ȴ룬ôǴˡ
һҹڶյʱڷˣ̫ûȵվȴɽȥʱ˻ϡ
ˮЪϢЪϢˣǽ׼ȥɽˡ
̫ߵˮߣЦǺǵ˵ţôһˮɰС˭˲ϲ
ˮò߹һޣ۾ұһ£ձɶԽɽЩνħˣҲòͷһˣȴֲ֪˵ֻüװǿЦҿʦʦӦǿ쵽ˣҪȻҾɽǰɡ
ɲɣɲɡ
˵꣬׳㲻ҡֵʱԸʦֱùҪһڴˣһЩħ̴ˣ⡭ʹãʹá
ˮϼһЦȴп಻ͷӻúܣ׼ڴʲô⣬üʦ˵ǰʦСʱǾϰ۸ˣǴ򲻹ˣֻˡ
̫Ȼˣǡˮʦֵܶһɡ
ǡͷλʦˡ
ˮŬЦЦ޷ƴǣֻһһˣлᣬ͵͵뿪
һ˵ɽɽкֻ͵֣ΰͦΣɽ޾Ǵ˿ڵֻɽɽ֮󣬸ܿޣ滨ҩҪɽȴһ
һֱʱ֣һ˲һ滨ʢĹˮ棬Ƣ̫ɫҹﲻ˸·ڹЪһޣգܷǻϰɡ
׳ûʲôˮȥЦǺǵˮҪȻЪϢһߣ
ãð
ˮŬЦһ·û½䱸뵽ҹﻹҪͷôһɽǾ͸ǲܴˡ

̫˵ͷʮӵǽɢԷֹħ̵Ǳ
ǡʦ𡣡
ʮطȵĵӣĹܷɢȥˣҹʱֻϺбң¹ҲƱ˪һ㡣
ˮȻվ׳ͻȻʵˮôˣ
ûûǸ롭롭
ˮ˵ţ̫ʵôˣɽ˪¶أﲻ
ǣǣҾ룬Ǹ
ֻֻСȹӣͷ˵ŤŤ󣬺׳һ׹ˣЦȥɣȥɡ
ãá
ˮܴȥҵض㣬ǿܷ˹䣬г֮ԱطȵĵصģҪôȥȥĻȻᾪͷ
˼ȥǻص׳ȥôãɫһʵȥôòŻ

ˮһ̧ͷĿȴ𴦣Ŷ߷˿ңȻҪԶһЩ˴ֵǸλʦ壬ҪȥǱǸɽ˯ˡ
̫ԶǸɽ˿΢΢ףȥɣʲô£ֻܴǡ
ȥλʦ
ˮһ˵ţһⲻԶɽȥһȴ˯һֱҹʱ򣬲źȻ̫ͺ׳Ѿˣôˣȥ
ź֮ģ˶⣬ѰϢӦһɽϷֻˮߣԼԼ˵ܴ˴ˮĴ󣬵ʶͱȳ࣬ʱ̫ʦֵ˵
գǵ˾ȫˣѾǱ߹ȥˣһΣ̶֮ʧǸˮʼǸ鷳
˵֮Ǻ׳죬ɽ棬ˮ˹Ȼûʲôģһһء
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ɽ棬ˮЩһΣвɵһֻǲԼҲͰˣľȻ˴Լȥնٺʦʦǣ˿¡
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һȻˮȴѼɽѸɽȥˣˮ󷽣̫ͺ׳ҲһڴˣĪ֮ǰ˵ЩҲȫȥˣ
һ˲ˮɽϷǵӼλʦȻ±߷˳ҲȻһλʦô
ڴ˴
̫һ£˲ɽͺ׳׷ˮȥˡ


0706 ׷
ˮ˵ͣ£ǰħˣȥΣյúţ
׳ں治Ϻˮȴţɽٶ죬˼ʲôħ˸°ٱЩħˣҲС
׷˰ҹۼѿں׷ᣬ׳ɫżʦ֣ô죿һЩ˵ˣֻ¡
żǳȫЩкľ֮ʱܲ˶Զ׷
̫һ˵ţһطɽʹٶֿ࣬Ȼ˵ɱڵĻʮҲңҪʩֶΣһ˵ļ䣬ǶԣȴûʲôѶȡ
ˮͣ£ǰ浱Σţ
׳ǲں溰ţˮȴԽԽ죬˿ͣ£һֱɵڶ磬˫ɽ׷磬ٶȳƽ
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ˮһţԹ겻ɢ˵գһ¼һŰɫӣֻΧƣȻѰ
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̫üһʶСѾͷȻʲôŽμȥ£ϸʶѰ
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ѰƬ̣׳Сʵʦ֣𣿡
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׳һ˲ʦַסոմǵϹʲôĪķ
ˮƬ֮ʣٴμ飬Զȥˣ׳켱æˮͣ£ǰ֣
ˮ濴˿û׷Цλʦ壬ǶһˣƭС߲
ߺ׳⻰ôܸое죿գ֮䣬ˮʧӰ١
һ̣̫Ȼú֮ǰǶ˵ԷԲСҪץԷһֶˡ
ѻš׷
̫һȻ˾ҲҪץأԱߺ׳ϾһɱɱҲ˸
׷һһҹʱɽɽһĹֻзƽˮһϪϷվӰһȻһ˰׷ȴˡ
ȻɽжȻɫһСϣˡ
ûᣬȥǱ߰ɣ߲ܡ
ǡ¸ˡȻ˹֣һɽһȥˡ
ˮˮ㲻Ҫˣǰħţ
׳̫ں׷ᣬǰߣˮҲͷ󺹣ۼľжʱп಻ʦʦʦʦǿҰˮҲ͵ɽˣء
ڴʱǰľ֮УȻһľ֪ͨδˮŲ·Ҳܲôˣ飬һ꣬ٳȥ֮ʱǰȻʣԭȴһϪٻʢĹȡ


0707 
ŻܽŮֶһĳ
ˮҲû뵽Ĺ֮Уԭбˣ䲻֪Է˭ʱҲ˲ôˣһȥл׷ҡ
ǰ·ػܡ
棬׳̫Ҳ׷˽ȻŮߣǸ׷ʱͬ˹һʱŵû⣬ɢ

׳Ȼŵÿڳݲ壬һ̣ǹ˽˵һɶҲ֪ˣֻ㶵վԭأһδ˵ڣԱ̫æס죬һʱ·ˡ
ĹָֽƽˮҲû뵽˱ҲСųԱ˭ôһ˹վɽ
ǡǸ磬ллңһ֪ʲôء
ˮһ˫ۣǰİ׷ӣȻͣ信ӣ˭
ˣΪ׷㡣
̫ͺ׳ߵķ򣬵ʵ˿ɸֶղҪ֣˱˳Ҳӵõ
ǣǡ
ˮǰ信ӣع˵˵ˣǲһ·׷Ҳš
Ŷ
Ȼ񵭵طȵˣĿȻҲǺ̶֮˿ĵġ
ˣҲˡ
һߵ˵ţһתɽһȥˣˮæ׷ȥȵȣ磬һ֪ʲôأովңһҪлء
ˡ
ǰȥһ̣в֪һָоһһţʮǰһ仰ʦͽԵ߰ɡ
ʦͽԵ߰ɡ
磬ô˰
Ů׷һɲǣ֪Ǵģ·ĲϣһһŵĹ¶į
Ȼ䣬ŮҲˣ˱䣬ڱıȴһ˭ҲĹ¶˭Ǹδıʦ֣Ҳһ¶
ֱƻʱŮȻͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷҡ

ˮһ̧ͷգһ˫ˮĴۿ磬Ҫȥﰡ
ɽ
ɽ
ˮż⣬ǰɫããһƬɽȥüҲȥɽҽȥҪȻΪΪһȥɡ
תǰŮƽˮɽ֮У֣һСȥʲô
ҡ
ˮͷСȥɽһˣҲ֪᲻ȥҲ֪Ǽң᲻ҡ
ʲô֪˴ɽУ˶ֵ𣿡˵
ҡ
ˮͷһȦһȦͷָϣøӵˣҲ֪ʵʲôӶ֪Ҵûм
¡
Ȼһ죬Ŷɽһ±ˮɣվԭˮһ̧ͷ¡ˡ
̧ͷʱײϣվԭأһŷӦæȡɡ꣺磬ˡ
δ˵תɽȥˣŮ̸ȥ֮£ɽ·øŢˣֱҹĻʱ˼ɽݱơ
ԽԽˮѱˮʪЩͷҲմϣȥȴӳˡ
վڶڱߣƣԭһվܽɽ겻ͣղܽˡ
ˮվں棬Ȼ֪ʱʲô˵󣬴磬ɣҪȻᱻˮܵġ
ǲȥһҹڶϣʱͣˣˮһ·ڹһҹָЩȻٶȡ
ֱյʱˣ̧ͷȥֻɢ࣬ϼɣɽģɽɽˡ
ɽ֮Уж󣬳ޣʤѰ˽棬һȻǵиߣǧҲ˸׽Уȫɽд֮۵Ϣħô֮͡
ƻ轵ʱһֻ֣ǰ죬ǧЩ۳һ㼫Ķν磬ǵи֮ˣĪڡ
磬ǰû·ˣô졭
ˮǰĳʹŲٷҲ׽˵֮ء
ϡ
ָһһɫ⻪˫һ㣬ǶȥԭЩ˿־度µĶΣʱһȴӿɢ˿·Ǳһε裬޷ֽ


0708 ɽ
磬ȵң
˽ȥˮҲԥһ¼飬ٸȥ˷һ㻤ȻЩҲ޷ֽˡ
ˮ룬λϲ˵һʵǸĪ⣬֪ʦǶ˭ĵи
һֱҹʱ˲㴩ԽƬ֣ʱڣɽɽıԵˣȫɽ
ǰո˴꣬ҹϴʣƬɽ룬ӳյóξ覡
磬ǵɽ𡭡
ˮҹĻɽ룬ʶһ˲ܵһʮǿԶɱȣʵ֮أȻǿ
Ǻ̶
һ̣ȻҲܵˣǿмԼԼһɺ⣬Ψк̶ˡ
˼ֱΪ̶աԨǡաȪ졣
˼鳤֮Դÿһ̲ͬʱз֧ǣϵ
ÿһֻۣ֮Ҫҵۣ֮ǣ۸֧ԣ˺̶֮֮ۡۡԨ֮֮֮֮ۡۡۡۡȪ֮ۡ
ǰһΣõ˺̶ۣ֮ȻȴĳЩ£ֻõһ룬ܹ϶ɽģһ뺮̶֮ˡ
ߡ
ҹһּǰȥˣˮһ²ŷӦٸȥһ·ԽǰߣԽǸовɻ󣬾ɽ֮У˴ųǸ
ֱڶ֮ʱ˲һߵɽϣӴ˴ȥֻɽһһȻֱܹɽҪѰ̶ֻۣ֮˳ɽѰҡ
磬ҲҪ𣿡ˮȻʵ
ǰɽ壬˴ɽΪ㻹ҡ
ҡ
ˮ˵ͷããһƬɽɽĸŸɣΪΪôˣ˶ҪõǰλǣλδıʦˣҲǡ
ǰߣǰããһƬɽ壬ȻͰǱߣӦѾ׼òˣʱ䣬Լҵ̶֮ڣ˼ˣתȥǰ㶷ŮǴ뿪Ǽһ𡣡

ˮ̧ͷһȻЩ㶣зȥλδıʦ֣ɴʱȴګګĵ˵ͷ
ϡ
ٶԣһǰɽȥˣˮһ£̼׷ȥ
ֹʱ䣬ԽɽߣԽǸӣգڿɵˣˣҲħŵˣˮСЩ˵ĲҲûҪȥЩˡ
һֱʱɽ˴͵ָ֣ǣ֮ʱǧﶼһ˼֮´ø֮͡
ֻǰɽ壬ʶϱһ𣬴ʱɽ嶼ѾŲɵˣЩȻҲ̶ֻ֮̽۵ģδ
ˮܣû뵽Ѿôˣֲ֮ǰһ·ģԭȴǶˣλʦأ𡭡
ĹˣȴֻɽվŸŸɵˣκһر֮ˣѵû
һ˲䣬ŮкȻЩտյģĿҲãȻ𽥻ѹ֮ʱŷֺ֮ǰǴɢˣҲԷӰ
磡
ˮ΢΢һѾɽҲŲŵˣϾ֮ǰһ·ǺͶԷһģͻȻҲԷˣЩš
磡İü𣿡
ˮţȻȴֻԼһػصڿչԷ
ˮڴˣ
ȻԶӰΪһµߣˮתȥһ½Է˳żʵiʦ壬һͷǰ׵ģģϲ˵
׷ӣġ
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷƶոһֱڴˣδ˵֮ˡ
ȴŵiӣãˮʮգҲ˫ϵá
ô졭
ˮý˫֣һ̲֪ΪΣоȻĪʧУʶգܶԷʼ˵Ҳ֪ΪΣֻҪԷߣһְȫУ·ʲôõģʲôҲú£ħЩˣҲ²طȵˣڣԷȴͻȻʧˡ


0709 
һżģi˵ˮȲҪżҷ⼸ɽ֮䣬һȣкλѣȥ棬ǿԹȥ
ȡ
ˮ룬ɽȥȴֻãʲôҲiˣ˴֣ˮˣ

ˮ̧ͷ˵֮ǰʦɢˡ
ԭˡ
i΢΢ףȴ룬ŵΪûǰ˵һ
iʦ壬ǿȥɣˮɣæ˵

i΢΢ףȥ룬һɨĵɽȥˡ
һ·ϣɵˣԽˣˮԽǽţЩ˶Ϊģֻһι֣ѲҪ𡭡
һ̣뵽ֻˣһδıʦ֣һǸʶõĴ磬ǶΪô죿

˿̣ɽ֮£ɢȴһĺȣк͸Ѱһɹĺҵһ̶ǺǴ̶״
ոʱŵˣ˲뿪ˮߣɽ档
̶ۣ֮Ӧ̶֮ˡ
˿̶̣ˮ£Ҫʶ̽ȥȻȴһ裬ǵʶ裬Ҳ޷ȥ̶Χһ㿴Ľһһж赲档
ڴ˵Ⱥʱβһ
Ȼվ˵ţһ˵֮ʣͻȻ䣬Ӱ̶Χ
Щɱڣڴˣߣһ˴£һ˴£˵Ϣʮǿ
ұߣֻվһߣϢͬ˵ΪȻѾﵽϺڣȻֻǳڣҲһ߿ɱȣҲˡ

˿̣һͷ׷ȻȻԵϺڵĸ֣ɫҲ˿δ䡣
ߣ
һߣµߵһʮǰµӷѵô
ԭ̫ʼŵġ
ȻʮǰǴΣץ߷ĻǣֱڣδȥʱұǺ߿ȥ˭
Ȼеʶ
ʱһԶֻһڷ˲仯Ӱ
ңһһ£ȫһ֮£ģڶ˴£ǴŰ棬ȥ쳣ᣬǸֵŮӣһǳǳѣ·ֻһۣܽ˵ĻҲȥ
ˣֱ½ʹĹʹʹʹڵʹʹ˱ȻҲڸֻαװʴʱ
ʱǺ߲Īˣʮǰڶǣǻһû𡭡
½ҵˡ
̱ˣһ½ռ˴ǣҪɲŮͷʱɲŮƺɱ˼ڵĳϡ
˿ߣ½ҵĳϣΪ֮ߣԶǵʱǼڵĳϿɱȡ
ֲá
Ȼʱ㻳ɹ½̫ʼϵڿûˣ½Һ̫ʼ֮ϣȻһΪǿĹ
ƾǼ±Ƿ̫ˣ֮Ѿˡ
ʹصһΪҵСӣԽһ
˵֮ʱɽϷһ춯ֻеɢŸɵ˶Ѿˡ
ǰһĻв˶סˣһ漸Ϣ֮ǿϢϳǰ׷ӣ
ǡ
һ̣ɫɷףû뵽￴ǵУȻ˲֪Ԫֻ֮ȻʮǰǸˡ
磡
ˮҲˣһ̣˿ԥһ˲ɵߣǰǼΪ֮ˣɵúһϣЩˣĪǶҪɱ𣿻иոЩˣΪνħͷʱΪθôȡ
ʲôһۣص
ҡ
ˮ̧ͷһǾɫʹٱ˿ҲܲµõˣǰˣһֱڿѰҵλδıʦ
汿ôˣֲܷˡ
ˮګګؿЩʱһ·ȫ֪ԼߵˣԼҪҵǸ˰ֲãֲõһοʱ򣬾һرĸоٱ䣬ʼһ֮С
ʱԭգȻƷӿֹǺ֮УһɿֲħϢһɲǣɽҲһɿϢ£˶ҪϢһ


0710 ħ
ʲʲôˣ
һδƽһ˾δ׷ϢķȥֻʵĺƼٷӿĩջ֮˲Ϣɽȡ
һɿֲϢϢѣЩǳɵӣһ̸ǲϲ·꣬ҲҪϢһ㡣
ͽ
ȻǺ洫һֲ˫ѣһֻɢ澹һ˫Ѫ죬ɢһȾѪ֮ˡ
ˮƵˣ
Ƿħ
Ȼû
ڳһĵӲԣ֪ǰ˭ֻеһޱϢȻЩһʱȴѱɫ·˹һ㣬ﾡǲš
ԭǰѪµȴٶǰħＫΪˮƵˣһ޵֮ˣȴħ£ħѣ˸ȡһħĳƺš
ٶǰħһΣλɽħȴȥ࣬һʵռ˸չһ£ңչسţħɽ֪ûλϣǴħĶֻ֣һռҪѪɺӡ
ҿǴ໹㵽Σ˻ȥ˸ϻȥʱħͷ˲ˣʮָشͷ­˱Ǵңճʧ٣ٶκѶ
ʱǷħΪڰƸɶЩ֮ϣǵҲֻɲʤ㣬ʱȫ໹ȻʩƣǷħལȥлʩչָشصһָҲֻǽش޷ɱˡ
֪ʱΨп˺֣˵ΪǱȵ
˶ס˺ΪħͻȻѾûעˮ̶̫ʼź½ҵˣ˶ΪѾˣȴû뵽նԷͻȻ֣ղ˵ͽģ¶Ϊ
һѾȫ˱𣬸˶еһԷãǲɱ㣬ȴκһй֮˶ɱˣ⽫Ǻεȿµһ£
˿ֻ̣ħˮ̶߼ˣĿ⣬һ±ˮϣޱ仯ˮȴµģŵСɷףʶ߿˿
⡭
ԶiЩ˽һոǿˮȥʱֹȴһԼֲҿȥڼǷħˮ֣һĸ
Ȼԣܿͽܣ
ֻħͷһЦһ˲䣬Ŀü亮£ԶԶˣһɲǣеͷһ
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˿̣һУ޷ħֶΰˣ̫ʼź½ҵڴ˵ȴԼʧٶķħҲ˳ôֻδ⣬̫ܵˡ
Ƿģɣ
ħȻǴңΪȴСӣ½ҳϺ̫ʼ֮ϣһ˵ֻ꣬һֱ̧ˮץжʱħԶ˽һħԳܡ
ˮɫɷףԭأٿȻһ죬һ߳顱һħײʱܾһ
ħһˣȴԭزһͷ׷֮ĶԹǸȥ˵ȥ
ƨ
ħŭҪɱ׽ˣɱɱǱ
ȰգֻӻһԾ˫һᣬħʹһСݾֻԭɽȣȻӿ𺳣ƬأȻһֻ֮󣬻ľ֮飬Կή㡣
һݾƽǿ֮һֹǿֲݣһ죬סԵˮ־֮˲¡һӲݾ˰С
ɽȣʱֹʯϴϹʱ䣬ⷽԲʮڣǳ
˾ľѣȿܳܣȻˣȴɫ䣬һ˲䣬˶ʮǰһĻ
ˮ̶ߣ½ҳ̫ʼŵ߶һۣȻ䣬ҲϮ˹ˮÿһĻϵʱһ磡ĺ棡


0711 ɽ֮ս
½ҳһüȿ̫ͣʼ߳ʮԶ˾δ뵽ǺôҲǰΪ˲ȻԿħ֮ʣ͵Ϯʵʧŷ緶
˵ȴأ治ɫԪһһͷɳ顱һǽһ͡
һ˲䣬Ѵˮзȥ˴խʵǴΪһտ֮սˡ
磬Ҳ
Ȼ½ʹʹҲһ·˹˫ͭһ㣬ȻŴʮ౶һȭȥ
¡
һ죬һȭȥʱɽѣ֮䣬ȴѴˮһ˲ܿˣͬʱָһһָ½ҳǼȥŽǼһ¡
ʱǷħȴֹһΪߣҲңС֮䣬Ʒһʩչȥ˻δ壬ǷħѱԶ½ҳǼˡ
ǷħԼ½ҳϺ̫ʼȻΪٸߣһʱҲ⧲顱һУʱ˳ȥ
⡭
Զɵ˽һȫȻûܿ壬˺εŽħԭ½Һ̫ʼǼˡ
½ҳվ֮Ͼɫһţ̫ʼ˿ȥ˶һۣٳУֱȥϺڵĸ֣ǵУʱ÷ƾ䣬ʧɫɽȣֹ
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ЩʱѾϰ˳ƺԷΪ磬ʱѾ֪Էݣһʱ䣬ȴ޷Ĺ
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0712 ̶
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0713 ¶
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0714 ̶
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0715 ֮
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0716 ̶׾
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ˮѾʧȥʶܿ죬֮ͻὫɣֻ·ߣҪô̶ۣ֮ȥҪôȡú̶֮ۡ
̶֮γɽ棬һγֵĵطȴδ֪ˣ׷ôҵһΣ׷
Ȼ䣬ֻȫԪһ𣬽Щ飬ŰˮţһߣϧԼԪɢΧĳ֮֮ɺ̶֮ۡ
ɷɷɷɷ
ȴʱй߿ˮܽһǳź̶֮߶ġ
Ŀһڿˣ΢֮£ֻܾӰýſ壬㣬裬Ŀݣʮɣ̵˵Ҳ߰ɡ
ȻЩʶ㣬˿̼ЩֲľҲɵ΢΢һЩʲô̶˺䣬µԣЩﲢ̶
˼֮ʣǳȺӵľſݣ˺ҧʱ̶һӿЩȻ庮䣬庮̶֮۵ĳ֮
ĸطˮŲ峹֮
ϸ˼˫һţȥ̶֮Ҳ˲ˣȻ̶ֻ֮ͨʣüɣ
Щˮȴһǳ괦ڱˮף⺮̶֮£ǵأǴ˿̳ȺӣΪٸߵˣˮҲû취
ܿ죬⸽ˮѾԽԽ࣬ȻһֻˮſѪڣ˺ҧȾݣؽ˺顣
һ˲֮ʣϸ룬۹£һˮնȥʱˮִмʿˣˮһһŨŨѪȡ
ȻŨŨѪȣȴ˸Ŀֲ̶֮£ʩչֻôˮһδζЩĹȻǺ̶ۣ֮ȴʧ
ˡ
ۼ̶֮Ҫʧв£˵Ҫȥȡ̶ۣܷ֮ЩĹҲ˵úܡ
ת֮䣬⸽Ŀֲ飬ʮֻ֮ǰʿһֻˮ˺ҧȥԭˮֻδȥͬʳ֮£̶Ƭͷʣˡ
ۼЩˮ˲̿£ľһնɱЩˮ¹һߴˮЩ˺ҧ
ˮףǿҪѪȾ죬ŨŨѪˮУˮǱһѪǺˣûιȥ
硭⣬Щʲô
ͻȻֵˮʱŵûʧɫţһȥҪ¡
ɷɷɷɷɷ
Ȼϱֻˮͬʱ˺ҧ۹£һնȥֻˮһʿˮŵþһȻеһϣɫʱøӲ԰ףԭȴıˮҪʧЧˡ
硭ңҴˡ㣬߰ɡ
ˮһСԽԽҰףıˮʧЧ޷ټˮ
źǽţϱȥȻ⸽ˮԽԽ࣬˵˿̴һˣԼһˣҲδܹ˳ӳȥ
ɷɷɷɷ
ˮԽԽ࣬Ϯۼ޷ЩˮֵİΧһĽعͷʱȴˮѾɫɷף˹ȥϢˡ
ˮˮ
û˿Ӧֽһֽյ۹£һǰնȥҪǿͻΧΣʱ̣ܺȻ˶ʮӰ
ǶʮӰˮʱҲһ㣬Ȼǳ֮Ҳ޷赲еУһһոЩˮֵ
ܿ죬⸽ˮһŨŨѪȣЩˮֵľ޴ʬ壬һֻһ̶ֻ׳ȥڳ֮֮£ձһ޴ı
̶Ƭ̼䣬̶׸һ˳ţЩֲˮ֣Լһֻ˿Ѿȫնɱ̶ף
ʮĵӰҲһ˲˹ǱˣҹӰʮˣΪǰˡ
٣ˡ


0717 ̶֮
٣ˡ
˹Թȥˮ˿˹ȥϢˡ

ӹԵˮһ˲䣬ת̶֮ȥ΢΢һϣδ䣬Ҳһ˲˸ȥ
𽱧ŻԲѵˮӦָֻһѨȥڶԪ
һߣ̶֮£̶֮δȫʧ֮ҲȻ䳹ǡ
ϣ
Ѵ׷⺮̶֮۵Ŀ£һвȻΪٸߣҲضڳ֮֮¡
ô˴ȥȡ̶֮ۡ
˵һԸϣǺ̶֮ȥ˿̾Ҫ⳹֮ȥȡ̶֮ۡ
ϣ
˽һβΪղŵ⣬ں̶֮ٱ֮ȥһȥֶͨν֮档
֮ǵУܼԦһôһӣȻΪٸߣȻҲǻҷ³
ܹ⺮̶֮ʧٻʮʱȥѰңҲʱȥðһա
ȻȴѾֱǺ̶֮۶ȥ㳹֮ʱһ㺮
Ǻ̶֮۸ʱȫ˪ȴԥһˣֱǺ̶֮ȥƽȫ̶֮֮ͨ
һɲǣ̶֮һΣǺ׵Ļɽ緢һ㣬ֲһ㵴һдݻ٣̶׵ľʯǸոնɱˮʬ壬һ˲仯촷ۡ
˽һæվһɵ֮ȹ̣ˣʹøƽϢֻˣȴѱ֮һȫǺҹӰʮˣʱԿôĿģ֮壬ܹܵס⳹֮ٹƬ̣޷շ̶ۣ֮ɣ
һ̣ѽתޣǾ壬ܳʴ֮
Ȼˣǳ֮ĺҲһϣӵ֮ϣȻӶȥֱۣӡ
ۼ˶챻֮ɣɫ䣺ٻ
ȴʼţһ̣統һִģһ˲䣬Ԫˣһɲ֮䣬̶֮֮棬Ҳһ˲䣬֮ȫɣ˻һ񣬻̶׳ȥ
ϣ
˿˹ȥʮ˺ƵǺ֮ϣڲŽ飬Ʊأɫģް˵ʱһ죬Ǻ̶֮ȡ˹
̶֮ܺѱ֮棬ԻЩľȻǵĵȾѪһĻʵ֮գǣʱҲأԻм¡
ڡ̶Ѿˡ
е֮ЩƺѾϰϲޱʹ˿õ̶֮ˣҲϿʲôϲɫ
ֻ֮䣬𽱧ŵˮ˿ȻԲѣʵΣ
ϣԪʱް
Ұɡ
΢΢ףӰｫˮ˹ŻԹȥŮУһ˿ӵɫ
ϣȥ𣿡ȻĬСʵ
⣬Ҫȥ飬ЩǴӺδ
һ˵ţһԶЩˮʬ忴ȥһɲǣһ亮
ҹӰʮˣʱҲ΢΢һ𽹰ֵǣ±ضȥ飬ϮЩԴ
߰ɣȥ
ٶԣˮ̶ˮȥʱ̶ˮ棬Ϊղŵľ𵴣ɽһţ˶ؿ̶ȴһ˸̶߿
ڣƽˮֿʼӿһЩԿ֮ˣʱʶȥֻһӰˮ׷˳ȴˮˮԾ˳
űҹӰʮˣʮ˴ʱѾ棬֮˲Ϣɽʧˡ
һ̣˶ź̶ˮˣڸû˸̶ˣǱ߼˵Ŀ⣬ʱҲˮϡ
ˮ
΢΢ЩģǴǰǲᵣʲôǸʦѾ뿪ˣȻᱣǣڡ飬ȾѪӣˣҲеֺ¡
˹ӯ¥ɽ˾΢΢һĹƺǧѩɫŲ¥ɽʶӯǰȥ
ǣĿ⣬ʼնЩϣֻһˣǧѣʱҲԼ


0718 ƺ
֪Ѿߵǧǰһ̣ɽȺȻһֹҲΪ
˶ϢǰˣһЩħֻ֮һԪŵǧ֮һš
ΪѾ˺εȾ磬֪˵컯ʦüϡ֮ϣҲ֪⻰м棬ּ١
ǡǡˣյĹϵַͬһ㣬˿ܹţ
ֻߵǧѵǰﻹŻԲѵˮʦǷлʦ˵
һ˵˸һ½ѲŵĵӣˣԻþʱƺƣ
ǧҲֻ֪֮ʱˡ
ǰһˮֻˮ´̫ãʱԹȥˡ˵꣬תȥȻȥ
ǰȻ¥ɽӯȥһЦ¥ʦ֣ʦ㣬ˡ
һ˾˵ɽȥֶУǰһͷ׷Ǵ˿֮ϵ˲̶֪õ˺̶ۣ֮ɴ˿̣к˸ȥһЩΪʮָߵǰ˿ҲֻãҶһ䡣
ң뵱꣬˶ɱ񣬼ֻһк˸Ҷֺ֣ڳ˲

δ٣
Ѿص죬죬ɽУ֮أħйأ
ݹżأ˵Ϲʱڣµһ˼ڴˣʹ֮ɸ߿գ׹䡣
ʱ֣壬һڵף֧ͷ˫գŨ˯˹ȥ
ȻнŲֻһɫѵŮ˽ǰ𽡣
ϡ

δ˯ţֻǾϮʱ̧ۣͷƺǱߣ춯
ɫԽţ˵ϣ·ȷʵƺǱ߸ܵһ˿һ˲ûˣϡ

վȥüĺ棬һƬƺأż춯洫
ʮ䣬δȥƺ̽Ϊ֪ЩطЩɣǲȥġ
ԣƬδ֪ƺΪƺʮ䣬ƺĽأû˸ҹȥǱߡ
ֻǰЩʱƺֻż춯һţ꣬춯ԽԽƵʵǲ֪Ƭƺʲôܡ
ϡҪ˹ȥ𣿡̧ͷСʵ
ء
̧̧֣ôҲûȥǱ̽Ҳ˵ֻҪδв죬ʱᡣ
ǡ
𽹰˹֣ٶʣҲ֪ڼɵʲôλϵ˼Ҳһ򲻸ȥ¡
⣬ϴɽ̶׵鵽Դ𣿡ʵ
ͷ¡˲£źܿܲ鵽

ûжԣתȥͷ֪˿ʲô˼˾鵽գСʵϻбķԸ𡣡
ˣ°ɡ
˵׵ϣ֧ͷ˫ۡ
ǡ
𽹰˹֣ȥҹĻ٣û𣬺ڰͱ䣬ټֻһˣԹ¶䡣
˫գԺ￪ʼһĻĻ룬ȥĵطɱž켫£ƺҲʲô춯켫ļλˣԴ˻Īڲᡣ
ڶ½ħڣĽǰλħڣĸһǰȥ̽죬ȴͬʱʧƬӴѶ
ʮǰһΣǴɶħ֮£ǹŶոջɹʱȴӵصһħʶʱϴŵѪһ£롣
һħʶѾħʶأ
ƺɵԭΪܸоƺż춯ħµĹŶܵһħʶЩơ
֪Ƿ̫ˣһֻ̣еһɾϮĺ磬Ҳ˽
ҹ֮ʱһĽŲڵֻһ˱һһߵϵϣȥףὫһϡ
δ룿
˹ŵ˸ֿ˿ˣŶͷô˯ˡ
δ뿴˵Ϊƺ鵣𣿡
һվŵҹɫʣ˵ʱ򣬰ǰ˵ƺ춯תͷƺֱ̫ʣ죬Ȼ䡣


0719 ؽ
ʵδĵģƺǱߵ춯ʵȥɽһпɻ˳
һҹɫ˵һЩС鷳ް
ô
δ뿴˿ֵ˵̫ʼź½ҵˣһպȻɽ
һ˵һתͷˣʹð𽲻Ҫɽ淢飬᲻֪˵һЩСѣΪǡ
δ뽥üʵĵģƺǱߵ춯ȥջΪʸ֮ġ
ԽԽӴħͳһãħң¥ƸˣȻѶ˼õ˺̶ֻۣ֮ЩҲסˡ
Щ˾Բۼֳ֮һص̫ʼţڶ֪̫ʼŵĿʲô쿴һаãʵ᧿Σ֮ħЩˣҲ֮
Щһԭ򣬻һ£Ҳʮֵǵģڵɣʮ֮ڽҲǿŶһ޶Ĳ֮ģʱֻӵԡ
ʱ˿̣Ȼܿеǣ˵صģ⾳ʹ浽һҲδػ˵
ڻ˵֮ʱȻһ˿춯棬ƺķ򣬻δתȥ֪һֱƺǱߣ˵ҪȻȥ
ǡ
ԥ֮ɫδ亮䣬ֻܲס
ʱδתһЦһ̣·ֻص˵ʱ龰ɰУִһɻƤЦŵҪȥɻ٣ʱɲԥ
Ȼ£ȻЦЩ֮żԶΨдʱ˴֮䣬һң·ֻص˵ꡣ

棬ƺӿ轵̴ƬƬ̹ǺıмڻδϣǰһƬֵƺƺ֮Уɽ֣һգۣȴʧ٣׾һ㡣
ǰƺˣɫ𽥱δȴʼɫģ˵ոյ춯ӦþǴ洫ˡ
һ˵ţһָֻһһ˲ȫһȥȫϢ
ʱηһڣΪκܼѾ۶ǧѣΪ֮ϣҪȴҲȲ
ת֮䣬ѾƺǰߣδһЦԴ˴ΪɵҴȥ˵ʱƺԾȥ
¹£Ṧֻһ㣬ʮԶһξ롣
һ·ϣδʼմǳǳЦݣδ֪֮أȴһ㣬ʵһŮӣӾȻӻ󣬼¼ôӣֻҲҪĲɣ
תһ룬һֱһȥɵ٣һ࣬ƽɽݳԼƭɵˣһ첻µزµСħŮӿɱ˭ء
˼֮ʣѾƺȻһɽ壬Χ죬¹£ȥһع졣
ȵȡ
ֽδһȻ⣬Щɽ嵺ڴˣѰƽ濴ĻֻżЩɽ嵺Ӱӡ
˵͸һ죬Щ죬û´Ӧĳ󷨡
ԶЩ죬һƬ򣬴˽ƣ˿Ӷ϶ˣһʲôҲǹʱģ˽Īйأֻɽ棬һ˿ħϢ
ΪΡһ˿ħϢ
˳˼֮ʣȻ䣬Χʮһţһɽֱ˶
һ˲䣬̷Ӧ˹ҪֵסһһȻƿֱδȥ
δ롭
һ˲䷴Ӧ˹ĪǸղţδ봥˴˵ؽƣعͷȥֻδ˫ֽӡصֵһͻȻվֵס顱һ˳ȥ
һ̫죬ʼϲ˿һ˲ȥδסȴɫ԰ףȻ˹ȥ
ȻƬƺӿǽϢԽԽأټͣһ̤գضȥˡ
صһвƽһʮǿķ磬κҲ봩ơ
Żδһ¹£ֻɫ԰ף˫۽գԽԽ䡣


0720 
˫ü΢ʶ˲δֻ¸ոһ£֮ˡ
ֻǸոǵΪλṥѵղƺƬʶʲô
һжδֻ֪ܵ˵ʱӰȻУ¹£ȴһŰѣһ£ȴǰˣȻǸղǸӦ߷춯ѸٸϹ
ʱϱŻԲѵδ빬Ͼ΢΢һȿڣȵҪˣȥ溵δ빬һ˵꣬һΣѴŻδǱȥˡ
ĺ棬һƬ֣Ӣͷ׵Уй֣ǻδĹԻδ빬
ϡôˣ
ҴҶδȫʧȥѪɫʱҲһ
溺ܿͻʱ˹ڼ˽š
һ˵ţһȥˣδСڴϣת֮ļ֮ϣ֮ǰóȻ
¹վһԿţ֪˺£ʱҲҳţȹƬ̣Ų죬ż溴Ҵ˽
Ǻɫأԣرϣ滨δһתͷôˣ
ʱ¹Ѿȥ棬溣Ҳ޿㽫ղƺһ˵ˡ
֮ɫһ䣬ƽҡͷ˵Ҳֲ㣬ٽɣ⡣
˵ʹûиղŵ飬Ҳᡭһ̿溣Щš
û
溵˵ͷղ˵һ޷ɣǰ˼նѣգȻǻᵽ
ǡ㲻˵ʱ𣿡
üԽԽ溵ͷûҲ˵Թ˳Ӧ߱߾һȻٸʱ䣬ѵɹʮˣֻõ̶ۣ֮꣬µҪȥδѰң
һؿԼܹ𣿡
Լ
̧ƣϵ·ǰȥݳǣ·ߺȻ˸ͷؤҪࡣ
溱üǮӴˣȴؤ˵˵޷ؤһ࣬ʱǼ˹һɷԵǳ˸ĸؽ¶һˣңһǾһ࣬ƽ˿ûмɷ֮࣬ˣˣûþˡ
ȺҪ֮ʱؤѾֽܿˣʱ·ߵˣǼɷһ㣬ȫߣԶԶģҿ
˿̣һԼʱ䣬ҲѾˡ
һô
ƣȴδ溵ĻϣֻԲѵĻδ뿴ȥ绨껪ȴҪܺĥȻ˯ȻȻУȺĵ
ôᣬΪʲôҪʼһȴ
һ˲䣬Ŀ̶Ƭ̼䣬һоΣУҲһҪ滨δ˶Ҳã
֪ѾٶԣֻʵƺǱߣǷʲô
ҡҡͷŴϻԲѵĻδ룬˵֪ʲôֻܵ˵

溵ͷټˣҹɫԽԽȥߣһͷϴŶñжƮǱˣȴǿӡ
ԭɱžδǵĿģӺԵʱģŽǾȳѽԾ졣
ǰ
˹ȥң뵱꣬ӴŻŻԣȻ޾
˿̣ȻѾ֪滨δҪִ
һ£ãӲŵϣֻһ˳Ȼɹߣ޼ʹɹҲȻḶӦĴۣҪһЩȥ
ǰ˼Ҫһ˵ȥôʵ
ÿɷ񣬹һŽŵܶ飬Ժ󣬻Ż֪ϣдͨߣգȴҲ˳Ӧ

ֶǰƺΪǰ˵Ҫһ磬δҲδ˳Ӧȴһ֮ʮǰڷطһ֮£ǷҲҪȥ˳Ӧ
˵˴תͷſӡ
ĬȻתȥ±˼̧ͷī񷣬֮ϣʲôʣȻ֮ϵҲδȫȻ֪ǡǷҪ˳Ӧ
һ̿ӿȻʱȥֹʮ꣬뵱ɱžʶǸСӣѾرˡ

һ̾ϢӵӰû˺ڰ֮УϣɹߣˣԵһλҲˣ㡭
ʧıӰĬ
ʱȥ죬ʱ䣬ÿնȥδ빬ֱյʱ򣬰Ȼˡ
֮ǰ̶ˮѾ鵽Ŷˣʵ
ϡ
˵Ѿ鵽֮ǰϮϵˮǱ߲еľ֡
֣ȴɽ̶ˮ֮£ǳϡ
һɲǣȻúվ±ߣ̲ס΢΢һȻϴ̶ˮ£Ҫء


0721 Ѫȷ
ãСʵϵ˼ˣ

ȥصħ档
ħ桭
ߣ˾һһֱ⼸ħȷʵ죬ħΪ׵һЩŽɡ
ʱħҲֻϰˣж飬Σ˲Ҫۼڱڤӣа½ˣɷѪӵˣһҪء
ܹѪ˵˱Ȼȫļƻìܣ˼Ʋν
ڴΣǷҪ
һɲǣ˵ȻúϵɱҲȻ࣬Ȼɭࡣ
֪˴Ŀħݼص֪ȥһҪȥɱħ棬Ҳԥ

׼ø֮ʱȴֻ̧̧֣˵ˣʱ
ŴԣЩɻ󲻽⣬Сʵϵ˼ǡ
⣬̧ͷӣħƽţȻ⣬Զ֮ϣʵħ
ħƲȣȲ˵ħ˱¼ҪȥˣĿǰʮѣ֣ܵħʱ֣ħȻңؽڴʱ֮
һٺһΪҪȥԾĹ飿֮ǰɱֻǸħһѡ
ʱҲˣħʱִ䣬ôƱӰ죬һǺһ
ϣʹδ𡭡
üʵԺﲻɵ̶ֻ׵龰Ƕʮȥһֻºϣٷδ˼վǼ¡
ô
ԶҹĻǧ⣬壬ɽϵİţħĿΪħ̸ռ鱨аӰħͽ֮һǵûĻǰȻʮץһŵ̽ӡ
˴һۣɫ𽥱ʵϵ˼ǡ
δ䣬Ȼһз˹סһȴһöɫƣǸѪġ֣Ŀ
ɱ
𰲻΢΢һɱѪɱζʲôǶţһˣֵȥ죡
ȵȡ
һ̧ס˶ˣһΣȥϸɽȻշ˺ö𣿷ųѪһΣȥˡ
ںѪ½̡
һ뼴еһϴȻɽշЩɣʵкЩɣԭħ̵ĽɣȴȥħµĽɣ֮ݣʵǳ
˿˾ڱħ棬ⲻ֪иΪҪĿģǶҡħħĸһĻЩԭħ̵ĽɣƱضҡ
뵽˴̲סһûȥţطˣǰλϣı֮֮ݣǣеħ汾ҲıԼ֮ˣΨһ㣬ȲǾǺݡ
󣬰һձѪɺӣħŭѣɭĴϣ˶ħʢŭ֮£ڵĳϣ͵ĵӣҲҳһڡ
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˽ΨҶҲã˽ѣΨҶҲգ֮䣬кηֱ
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ȷѪôȻĳԪŵأȷѪֺ꣬η
ʮǴ˿̵顣Ų󻺻飬Ѱס
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΢΢ףԶʣҪȥطҪٵʱ䡣


0722 
𽣬𰡣
תȥǰˣֵڣԸ
ǰյϢǱߣе֮쳣֪ǳ̶֮һ
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һۣص֮ǰֻյĳʹʹ˴Ϣвδ˵һϵ˼ѵ
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ɫȻʵ⣬˵歷˽ջˣô
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΢΢ףִȡһţˣ˵Ǽ̶ҽţڳ
˵ϴɶħ汽ֻ໨ƿ͵δ˻š
ǡӹţɣȥˡ
˵ӰʧƼ̧ͷȥֻ죬ɢɢ־ۡ
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ڵʱϵˣǿУţħ棬˼ƵǸӣ顣
ʮ䣬˲֣ͬ˵˶Ϊʮǰȥһ̶ʮ䣬ӵһɼӴ䷭ΪƣΪꡣ
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λֳơȻΪʵǺһƬܴ󣬼ޱߵĹħ֮ء
ഫϹʱڣˮ񹲹ףڲͣһδս֮Уˮ񹲹ײ˲ɽףڣһŭ֮½¾𣬽ˮڵĺپˮһոɺԣγطûˮ
ȻЩֻϹʱ񻰴˵ʵӦʮ½ǨˮԽԽ٣Ҳλйء
ȴСڹȥҲһԪͣԪžӶ࣬ħ֮ˣûʲôħֻ֣֮ʵΪ

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ˣգҴȥ

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˵ͷ˵һˣϸҲֻ֪йȥһ
һ˵歷˸üǱħ֮˾Ӷ࣬ԪߵͣҪһǣǱĴóȻȥʹٴҲա
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ʵ뿪ħǱߣ˿Ҳģϴȡ̶ۣ֮ɽֵǸħ
䣬ҵԼȻħѲ˸ϵЩĵǣشˣȴδܽ˻ɱպֻ»
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ص֮Уֻɶ亹Σѽǲ㱡ʪǣ֡

üͷһ壬һƺԺﴫۣͣⱾħ˼
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0723 
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˼Ƭ̣ڻȻħһڼħ֮ףħħＫ֮ˣֱĳ֣ħħĵλ𽥿ʼҡ

⣬ɶħһΪףţһٳȥ죬һĻħ̳Ϊħ֮ױˮɣڣʱҪںεأ
ŴԺһˣĴڣһ̲ʵϣȴֹħһưԣŽ飬ôڶԣǺöǻǰĵģȫȻǶġ
뵽˴ظСʵУᵽ
δ˵ֻ꣬ɶһ죬˵ȥеżŵϵȼһһΪ˻ҽٲּ

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Ȼֻ歷˺г˯ڴһֱδĻδ롣

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Ϊÿۣ֮ǵǣһ̲޷պ̶֮۵ʶ죬õġ
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歷΢΢ͷԾü΢˵żǿֻȥ֮󡭡Сġ


0724 ڷ

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Ⲣһ֧ͨնӣˣЩ书͵֮ˣϰ䲻ЩŵľҲǿԱ
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˴ɫˣҲӼɾһٰʮƽүһʱõóжȫóҺмֵǵıҲֻɾʮֻܻŸˣ
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æܹȥŮסؿŲԶЩˣΪƣҿ԰жȫǡ
ʮˣʮƽõóôò֣һΣһͷ
ʱһӻϰ𪣬û㿡ΣֻаɭȻѰ֮ˡ

ҪҪң

գŮ˴ǰǾ״а̧°ͣǸӡ֪ôô뻻ٿͷ
ŮŵʱԶȻ䵭Ůһͷ𣿡
δ䣬һ󵭵УնǶʮˣ̻˯˹ȥŮһ»˯˹ȥ
ֻ¹֮£ŮӵӰԽԽһʤѩ¹⣬˼ӣȾ˳Ǳˣɶ
˿ڿԱһϣֻﲻ֪ʱҲվһӰ˰׷ƮƮصǸЩˣҪҵǣ治ס


0725 ɳĮ
˭ӵ飬òͷǲǣ
Ȼֵˣаӷǵ壬Ŀһȵ
ʮˣѾ䱸ʱͻȻֵɽ룬Ҳһ˼ʮӰ
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˫ָ䵭ʱаӲڿǰˣ˵ʱ׹Ԩֻеһޱ޾ĺֶ
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ħʢʱǧǰʱλħˡӡһͳħ̸ɣҲħʦǴħһս䲻о˼䣬ħֱֱַվ档
ħһֱͳһħ̣ħֻصʦʱĶʢĴħڣ˵һħ棬ǵʦҲδػܹһͳħˡ
ɶǲԸħɶħ̣һڲԸ˳ôȻᱻʱ֮أ˿ʵΪԼǡ
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ԣԷĴ󵨵ӣκκ֮ǡ
ʱ˿̣΢Ҷ죬ɶȻˣһżϼƺһֹ˻ػת
Ż룬ܷҵδķʱȻüʵӴԵ棿


0726 
ɶǹżᵽŹԭԪһЩڼǧǰʧǺȴֳЩ֮ء
һ˵ţһ߹۲ϵɫ仯Ȼǰ²ǰ㣬δ빬ʲôʣżȥǱߡ
˿̣ɫƽȲ۹żļǼ٣棬ҲѱŹ񣬶ܷҵŹˣҲͬһ⣬ֻȹȥ˵ˡ
ҹɫֱ˼֣ɶǰԱӣеֺ棬ʮӱԽɱϣţЩţ˭ݣħ棬ܼ֮ݡ
ֻ˹ϺһˣҲһĵط
ԽԽ棬ǾһŮӣˣȻ䣬ֻʮǰħɽһΣ˱׷ɱòһŶÿÿȻǴðʮȷ
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ɶȻؿʮħŪȷѪһӣ˶µһӣ˭뵽˿̻޷˯һˣԭҲƣ

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ԪŵأֻλԪ棬ûħ֣֮ԪҲˮݣǧǰйٳģսۡ
Ǵʦһս֮ǧԭѾԪ߷ΧвɣѲ֪ˣʮǰȥ֣»صǶߡ
ÿÿһᵽ뵽ı飬̶뵽죬֮䣬һ
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ɶһ˵ţһչṦǰɽȥˣӯѩ룬ƽأΪԵ֮ˣֻв֮С
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ΪҪԸǶʮǲڻ£Ƕʮ棬Ҳֻһ쾳ΪԸߣлδ붴澳
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ǶʮԶ֮ɶɿ֣ɽ±һԶȥķ˵֪ЩʲôˣȻһ쾳ĸ֣Ҳһ֮ˡ
˵˴תͷո˵ģǰʱԪ֪һΪ顯Сͫ濡֣ûãշĴĴֱǡ깬ʴǵѪ¥ǡĴ棬ÿһʵħ֮£ǵǵʵֻ˵ܴ󡣡
䲻֪ɶΪ֪ô֮࣬ǰ歷˵ĵǲ޵̫Լɱ¶˴٣Ŀǰԣô֪ԼѾ


0727 
顭
ᣬΪûֹҰģѾдˡ
һǰǶʮѾߵӰˣɶŻعͷոչȥǶʮˣӦòˣǿĸǺ棬߳Ƭ֮ء
и쾳ߣСһЩҪˡ
һ˵ţһѾȥȫϢһղǶʮߵķȥ
İϢǶʮ˺棬ʱӦѾ߳Ƭ֮أǰҲʼһƵɽ壬ڼʮǰﻹһƬ󺣡
ȻǰǶʮֻͣΪҿͷϴŵĶñԭȴһ뷢׵ߣֻΪװǾͲö֪ˡ
ǰߣˣǿ֪˴ʲôתŶʮˣɫص˵
ʱǶʮҲͷϴŵĶñԭ꿴ȥԴһЩģЩӡ
궼ѰЩʯȥֻǽʦڣ̫ʦȥˣٺ١
һЦٺٵ˵ţ°ܾ֣Ϊ궼ʯȥǣȥ깬Щطأ˵
˵˴ַߣѹü۵깬Ůӣ˼ɫһȡˣǵ㣬ֹǡꡯⲻʲôһ˵ǵĹǿɾƮƮˡ
˵꣬ӺȻӴһ˳̧ͷȴʦֲ֪ʱǰոһ£Щʹͷʦ֣ϴҰ
Ǵʦֿѵ̫ʦͶλʦ廹ݵú֪깬ʲôطŮӣЩȺģҲЩǵаרȡԪҽȥˣôĶ֪
棬𡭡
ŵһˣԭΪʲôõطʦһ˵ʱֻñޡ
ˡ
ʱǰֽñ´ͷϣʮ˵˴ȥǽʧ߰ɡ
һ˸֮ǰּǰɽȥƬɽǵǵĵؽˡ
ʱںһεɽϣɶȻһԶȥķ񣬸ո˵깬ʱҲ֪ΪΣȻһĸо
صɱ
һԶȥķ򣬺Ȼڵɶʱڻعʲôصɱ
ȻƬɽصոǸ׷ߣѵûпϲһɼصɱȥǽ׹Ʒȴصһɱ㲻𡭡
ɶ֪ʲô˼ոעȫǸϣûȥעǸ׷ߡ
߰ɣձ㵽ˣȥ̽һϢ

ڶʱ˳˵ǣΪǣʵȴѷһңǼޱ޼ʣз֮أҲлƶ֮ء
ʱѾͨѶϵĳˣȴ˵С֪֮ۻСĸطĸλã޵ͼĻǶ߲ȥ̸ȥСˡ
Сֱ׺ɲຣֻûеͼĻµϸ꣬ҵСġ
ɶü˵ţͣһֽŵҲĵͼӦֻһЩУǡ깬ʴǵѪ¥ĸȻĵͼ
ȻѾ˵ǣǲ磬ȥҵǵݵͼɣʱ˱ʯɳûǱ롣
˵˷Ƶɶ˫ü΢΢һ壺˲ɣ㵱Ȳ˵һΪɲ⣬乬ǧĸ֣ܶԸǰȫ
ӷģǵǰЩ𣿵ʱԻһæ
ԾȻɶɫ΢΢һ仰ʲô˼˼Ƭ̣ԣһ£ʲô
£˲ٳɣҪ˳Ǳ乬ȡĵͼһȣҪαװݣݻòɽʯˡ
뿪ջȥ֮ʱȴ¥·˵ҪǽʯЩʯ󻹲ǽЩ˵Ŀڴۼô֮ʲôҲֻ֪ԼΪŰ
С㣡ǵǣ㲻ҪԴһȥˡ
ɶȥ֮˵ʲô˴Ҵ뿪˿ջֱȥˡ


0728 
ڶʱɶѾݽ乬֮ǽ̻Իͣ˵Ļֺ
Ҳˣÿ괺֮ʱ򣬳ЩֻһЩǧϵϹЩǰҲûȥЩСҪǽ֮ɱɽǡ
֪Щ˴֮ʯ̵ɣ߳ɣȫȥ顣
Ϊÿ궼㹻ʯϽɣ֮Ҳϣν಻ԣɶֱ˵ǣȥЩС棬ȻܿЩ
ˣ˿̶ͷĬ½½ȥǰЩɶЩˣȻҲˣֻȫװǸɫۡ
㿴Щһߡ
ɶͷȥһ

ȻͿǰ׷ߣʱĬɶһۣĬ𽥷ŻٶȣǱȥ
ȵʱ˶Żٶȣ̧ͷȥֻѰʮǴ֮ϣһ쳣֮ˡ
ֻǴӵԶԶȥҲߣһСɽأ仳һ޶˵ĺŮӡ
ӲǱˣǺŮӣĳ輧Ҳ乬˽ԺµŮӡ
Ϲѧ֮ߵԪ֮ˣħ֮ˣʶԷ⡰䡱ͬʱҲ֮ߵԪϸЩһȣѻߣǰҲ̧ͷ
˿̣½½ȥһһóԼ֮޷ҲֻһЩʯˣڵϣҲֻǵһۣЩʯѾ˿Ȥ󲿷ʯҲȥ
㿴Щ궼ЩʯͷһҲûУҹЩʯͷ˼ҲҪ
˿̣еĺ˵䣬ԽǰЩΪ⡣
±߸Ļ󣬶̲סһǿɲҵǰɽǰ͹ƷˣΪȥ˫ۺķΣն֫嶾ܾĥ
԰꣬ٵȵȣٵȵȰա
Ҳ˫üȺûõߣÿֻ֪ʯѵֻʣʯϡ
һס
ʱºȻһɳƵԭȴ֮ǰǸ׷ߣԵ꣬ӣ˿̶վڵ⣬ûҽ
˫Ŀһߵ
ǣ
׷ߺȥ˵ףֻ׷һǰʱһµ̴ľӡ
˶ĿתضӣӴ򿪺һ֮ϢʱվڴЩǣҲ̲סż⣬˹
ֻ棬ȻһԻǣ׷߹ֵ˳֮Ѱٵ֮ǡ
֮ǣ
±߲˽һѵ֮ǣȻӵϹ֮ƳɷУж󡭡
ǣ
һأǺҲȤָ棬ֻеһϢԼϲããܺá˴̧ͷǰˣĸɵģ
ɽԷӡ׷߹˵
ŴһȻˣձ쳣̣˶Ĭ
ǺɽֺЦҲһʧˣüʵɽˣ
ǡ
׷ٴι˹֣ɫɲ䡣
أţ˰ļҡҡ֣˰ˣȥ¾Ͳˡ
ձ䣬Щȴԣɽӣǲ֪ʲôΪһɽ֣˾Ͷɫ
ǵȻ֪ǰǵʦ˽ʯֻһ仰㱻Լ̣ڣǻΪ̫ʦ˵ǵʦֻǳȥѰʯˡ
ս׷ߣֻһǣ
һϡ
Էһ˵ţһִȡһöϢγһ㵭â棬һӰζ
˸Ǿȣɽ˶ıĪǵǰǼ£ҪɽնɱԲ״
ܹɹ飬Ǳӵв֮˹Ǵ˿̿ţǴߣȻȴұ¶

˫һУȻ⣬Ȼһ̣ȴɫ䣺ģ


0729 
һɲǣȻö顱氵ɱȻֵʱȴѾһ
鲢飬Ǽɱķأһ롣
ֻԷӡһʱ˷ģ¡һ죬һɿֲȥýһЩ߶ըѪ˳ȥǵ֮ϸ̨ױ㵹ʱ̳֮ڶ
ѱը٣ȴ¶һڼףǺڼǷף׻ո֮£ҲҪˡ
һԵĺȴûôˣһ˲һ£ҲԱը˳ȥѪ죬ȻѣѪӿۼǻˡ
ԷӺǰ׼רƳɵʱȴǺ
Ůǰ㺦λʦ֣ճ
һгһǺȥ͡һʱѪٽȴǽǺһؿڹᴩ

˫ѣκαԷһˣһͣδüȥʩȣתۼ䣬ұҲһնȥɫҡ
ͣ
һ죬Ѫ֮ϣδ˵꣬׼ѱһն£ˡһ¹ȥ˫ۻôģģֲ

񣬶ʱɽЩӣ˼곤ʦ֪ĿģĵӸ֪飬ʱδعǰһĻѵǰʦ𡭡
ʦɱ
Ϊ׵ʦֺһ̼ɽǵϳȥڻعȴ֪ʱʲôҲԥֽǵϳȥɱ
ʮΪŰɱ¾ҵȣϲҪ㣡
ȻִʮӰȻдģֹɽˡ
ЩɱԣֱƵĸ಻ԣԹصȻջ޵֮£żȻ
ܿ죬һЩȫ֪һҲǴ˹ʶһ㣬ܵѹȣշ˰ˣ
˷׷׳ֽϳȥҪնɱֻ˫ѣѪ˿ЩɶߣҪʬΣ
һ˵ֻ꣬ȫһ֣ԶϮķɽһ̧ƥ֮һƶǰ¡
顱һ߶Ԫʱƣͷ­һ±ĵѪģԽ䣬ԪҲδ롣
̼һţͬҲ乬ĸ֣ʱ׷߸˹
ɶһֺۣݣȺңһαûӰ
ԭʯǰ׷ϵɱ֮ɱԷصüɶȴŶ϶乬ȻҲóô˻ᣬȡ乬Ƿݵͼ
Żң˺ܿ乬صֻصſĸȻֵˣĸһʲôˣվס
ɶһһѪĻз˳ȥŻΣɺã
ĸŵλ껨ζ˳˯
һ𿪵ţʱȥˣصأҲʮ˺Ҳƻأ޷ҲֻǶһʱˡ
صһſڣȻ֮ǰɶ̽ˣĵͼͲڴ˵֮С
ƺأӲؽ
Ľƣʶһɨһ㣬ƣһ±ҵǾͼһ죬ȡȥʱԶ򿪣ŵĵͼ˲Ϣ䵽
˵ͼͬСɣǣһݣ治׼󣬶ֻעһȥֳǰڵλá
ͼõֺ˶һۣٵ飬ȥ˵ʱԶȻһ֣ʲôˣվס
Щֲ°ˣȻصƱǿд򿪣˹ˡ
Ҵ乬ôӣ
Ϊ̷˹ˣ಻澳Ϊһӿȥ䡱һ㽫˳ȥͬЩˣҲܲסһҶۣͨͨҷ˳ȥվʱȴѲɶӰ

Ѿ˵ǵı߽磬ڴ֮ǰҲδ뵽ǣȻ֮
ǰ飬Ѿֵ÷зղɱˣȴȫʧˣɽ쾳ΪĲԷӣҲġѪơ֮£˻â
ջƻ轵֮ʱɶѾһĹǰʱȻһصϢ׷ͣ˽ŲɶȻ׷ˡ


0730 ض
Ȼ˿һϢˣ˴һǣֻһˣ
ɶ뵽ˣȻһΪɲϹƽʱǲǰ乬֮ҵʱҲûг֣ȴΪһݵͼ׷ôԶ
ĵͼȻ󣬵ҲûȵزҪĸ׷أǾֻһԭ򣬵ǵݵͼȻڲֻһݵͼô򵥣Ǻ׷ߣ˽š
ϢѾԽԽˣɫȴأԲ䣬յͼϵָʾѾǵǵı߽ˣǰǧ㳹뿪ǵķΧ
׷ţʹ뿪˵ǷΧҲȻᱩ¶ǵ٣Ϊ⾪Ǳߣֵһӱŵͼǰɡ
Ǻ潥ӿƲ㣬ɫʣص
˿ΪߣȷһܹӦɶ˫ü΢
ֻ̧֣еĵͼû˵ĿȻԶʣֻ֮Уɫ⣬ԽԽ
á㵱ġ
ɶȻ⣬ٶԣùľᣬһΣʧĹ
תۼ䣬ҲԽԽջӰɽǰȴ뷢׵ߡ
˴һʯɫĵۣӦ֮ˣұһѣνΪ࣬ȥ˫֮ˡ
ոӦ⸽ôϢһʧˡ
ֻ˻ɫأʮ־裬ɶݺ乬ģϢȴ˵ǣ˱˲׽ˣһ·׷ˡ
λ𡭡
ȻһӲԶ˽΢΢һѭȥֻһô£Ѳ֪ʱվһ׷ӣȻˡ
㡭
Ŀһ״ӶԷϸܵһɼĺ⣬ͬʱһϤ֮УϤĸоǸеʮֲʮѹ֣ϢϤ֮УǴӺζ
Ȼ䣬뵽ˣǵǸˣǸһִˣ˵ϣһͬĸо־Ӹ£ĸо
ǣ˿ʼƽƽһܻ֮УҲܻ
ǰˣһ֮
̶Ƭ̼䣬˱Ѳ֪˼㺮⣬ڣұµڵ֮ǵ֮£ܹ黹
Ŷ
񵭵˫Ȼһ̣Ӷ϶ˣǵͼǽֻĵͼضˣʱ˽š
ʱµɫ΢΢һ䣬һɲǣڷʲôĹķ˵֮ǰһֱˣֻһˣһϣʦ֣ڴ˴ȥ׷ǰˣ
һ˵ֻ꣬ӡһҪʩչǰ׷ȥһ˲䣬һһӿصҶγһӰ䡱һӲµ
΢΢һʱʶǰ˵Ϊ˿֮£֮ϣ뵽˴˵ʱ׹̶ʱ֮ˣ
ʦ֣֣ң
֪֮ˣµҲܿԥתԪһ̻ȥ
ǺҲһ·Ӧ˹һƻӳȻƬĳɫɳֱնȥ
˵Ĺƣ缲꣬ȴ磬Ʈһսߣࡣ
ֻϼƽܲɶϢ󣬱֪ʱ뾳ǰˣ׷ٵϢˡ
Ȼֻ˫һصĺҶʱһ˹ȥ
ʦ֡ģ
ҶµһƴɢȻ󲿷ֺҶɽ档
ֻһΣ˫ֿ磬˼ȥӡƬ֮䣬˽档
⡭
˰ҪȥȻȴһ֮ӡ棬һʱ̣Գ
ʱϦ£ϼƬأӳúͮͮһƬ
һ£ժһƻĻ˹λǰʱɱڴ˺úһҲա
˵գһӣֻһ컨ת˹ȥչ˲Ǭʧǧ֮⡣
һ컨ɵǰһ½÷飬ʧķ򣺡˵Ϣʧˣؿ׷ٵˡ
˫ü壬˱µˣ˭ӦҲһ֮Щ˭ѵ֮ˡ
뵽˴ɵһ

֮УҶ׷ףɫһ̶ϣֻɶӾ᲻ϣ覡
ȻһӰ˸Ȼбˣɶ̧ͷ˦𣿡

΢΢ףһ˹˫ü΢ʵôˣ
ɶȻüƬ̺еĵͼᣬ˵ͼһЩ⡭
ʲô⡣
ȻɫȻһ˵ţһѾߵǰ
ɶüǰյͼָʾǰӦǵС֮һʵϣǰ깬ڡ
ⲻ򵥣ǰȥ֪ô
еĵͼĿ⣬Ҳ桰깬֮ϡ


0731 
˶ӳĬΣǾ⣬˵ѲڵǵķΧǵ˱ضװݣ˰ǰ׷ǣһԷ׷ٵ䲻˵˻һΣմȻ鷳ء
ǡѪ¥깬ʴǵĸƹͬЧ飬ʵ±ߣǶթϣǵ깬ĵؽ磬ǱȻɵΪʧͼһ£һԸ깬֪Ļᱻ֪
ˡ
ɶ˵ͷʱ뷨һ£ֻ뵽깬ĵؽ磬ʱҪ࣬ٵĵǵʱ׷Ǳߡ
һһʮҪ깬ЩɶĴܸоʮ֣Ҫȥ̽̽һǽɻһ棬ܹҵħٺòĵͼʱֻ깬ǷݵͼһԱȣȻ֪ݵͼ⡣
˾ú󣬲ٳɣҹ·յͼָʾǰȥȵ˵ڶʱ˾һϿȣһȥֻΪ׵ĺӵȥ깬ʯ˵ʧǿɸӼˣ쵽깬ӸպãЩŮ϶࿴һۣӾͰ۾ڳ֪û
ٺ٣ģֵﶼ쵽ˣ࿴һۣǽʯߣһ鷳
֪ͺá
һ˽нԶֱӰɶŴɽϵʯͷվһԶȥķ
ɶ룬깬̶ѨһΣգЩˣϸ˷ܣȴֲԲǻʱһĺ£ǵһط
˿룬ȴĸۼ֮ۼ˶֮˾Ҫʲô˵ʮǰʱѾˣһУ;ԲֻǱˡ
󣬴˾ڱıһ춯صĴƻ
Ƭ֮˶һۣһǰȥֱڶ峿ʱ깬ĵؽ硣
̧ͷȥֻĹ֮а죬عأʱֵģȻأˮ˵ס
УȾ֮أɾǣС
˹ԻȡĹȵһƬ֮أ¥У깬ڡ
Щ죬ǰ깬ʯɣ⼸գͬһ깬Ľ䱸Ҳ࣬˵깬Ľ䱸ûϽȴ˸ˣһЩײ׷ɱ֪Ĺ깬ڣҴеˡ
ЩˣҲн޳һҹձ㱻˹УûЩΪ֣ɽĻῪ
ɶѾ˳Уһ·ǰٻأñκεطĻҪɶ֪ĻΪ
ĬȻɶΪЩȫǳϵġ
Ŵԣͣ˽Ųطɵ΢΢ü
ɶһЦǰ뿪ЦصǷò죿ɾĵطЩĵ£ȴȫʬǣ˿̹ӽ£һ߸ȥʬ塭
߰ɡ
û˼ȥЩʲôʲʵʬ壬˿ȻѾȣС˷֣֦
˼ǰУƺ֮ǰûϵȻ˴沢ֻһɽȣҲֻһɽ壬ɽص֮й¥С
Ⲣۻ깬ˣѰ֮ȻʧУɶʱҲֻСϸһһѰ
ֱҹʱѾĽ˸飬˸ڣʱڣ깬޹档
ʱһ¸깬ӳյøǵƻԻͣס˺С⾪ˣ
˵ΪԷǱѰԷʵ֮ǰʱȻҵģ깬Ĺһ֮ˡ
С޹棬ڻ֮Уʶһ̽޹һĻȴ˵סˡ
ֻƻԻͣңνʮֻ֮Ī޹أˮƮһ㵭̣ڳرߣҵӷһЩѡ
šˡ
ˮرϣһԳŮɽ֮£ŮӼѩ˫գ촽ֱ޲ɷ
⣬ˮ߾ȻվĸǳѵŮĸŮͬòˣȻѾǵһμˮｻãϣͬѺϼ
ֵǣˮصǰߣȻվһӣſɣҪסʲôֻ۾ȴһգգؿˮһĻ̲סţ֪ǰһĻ˷ܣںʲô

ˮӳû㿡ΣֻǴ˿̣ǻ죬ˮҲԽԽĶһȦһȦˮˮĸŮϣĸŮֲ̧ȥˮյĶԵøɬͷȥˮһĻˡ
СģСĿҪŲסˡ
ԽԽϢҲԽԽ󣬵˿֪δǰ޾µŮӣô³ҲǰЩЩһ࣬޹ĻΪЩ֡
Ҫ
ĹֻŮĴϢˮˮ
ȻŮӻعȥӰ˳رϣЪһȥӵʱָеһϣƮƮɵζ·ȴѾζֻ۾ʱѪ˿ģ
ȻҲûãŮһУԪй©Ǻˮһ㣬ҲֹסϱԷȥֻɫɷף˫۲˺ɫѪ˿Ȼû˺
ûõˣҪá
֮Ůӻһѣϣȥ
ǡ
߽깬ĵӣѼֲ֣װ˳ȥʮ졣
ֻŮӻ߳ˮأһͷںڳմˮ飬Ҳһ⻬ȻӣȴʼŮһ£ꡣ
̧ͷ
ŮѾˮǰǸӵǰǰӣղˮǸȥҪһЩͣҲҪ˶ࡣ
˿ֻ̧̣ͷĿŮǰһѩ׵棬棬۾һգҲգſˮ
Ůӻ̧֣°ֱͣԼſǿˣôڡҪ𣿡
ԣӸ̲סһĿ˷ܣҲǿ־壬ǰ޾µŮӣʵԿܣǶԷҪ֮£ǿڵĴ£Ұ
˿̣ڹ棬ѽʶջأȥĻһĻɶԱߣȴǴסˣڣȻδع
Ǹˡθţ


0732 
СģСʵڣʵڡ
ˮرϣ˵ţȥǰߵŮӡ
깬ɵüʵΣҪ֮£Ҳʲô£޷ڵ쳤ÿõɵ汾ٶһ϶ѣ˳㣬ٴǱʧġƾ汾ô𡭡
һԣӸ̲סһɫˢһ±øӲҰףҪСʦ֮£ʦһֱҲС˶ʦ⡭СˣС˵ð
Ŷ
깬һ±ҲƱһӻ䣬ʦײʱɱʦʱ򣬿û
ʱʱ
ӻһɫӲ԰ףһ˹ӿʼʱԼƵУһһ
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0733 
ɶ˵ıӰΪͣȻܹܵõ˵ΪҲߣǰ׷֮ˣʹҲ͸
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һСɾµķ䣬ȴ˽ö˴ǰķ䣬ңǸʱһССöҹҹӵߡ
վڴǰ¹ɶϣȴǶǧ˵ĳʵ벻ʦѾʦȫΪΪΪָһܼʴǹ
Ҫ֪һ֮ˣΪ¹ʧΪʧЩлָģǱһӲȥΪĻҪټǲˡ
οȥʦΪģʦˣʱʦԸʦһ̤·ʱԾʦκһ˿ĻᣬΪΣȻܹʴǹ
ѵڵⱾŮʴʵԼ֪ܣ


0734 ²ףϣ
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0735 ²ף£
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0736 ħ
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0737 
ȻҲóʱ룬üʵãŮľ⣿ΪλͻȻͣͲǰ
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Ҫϲޱ仯Ѳµˣʱ죬ӹĵͼ˵ˡ

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0738 ı
üͷһ壬һʱȡɶϣʲôȥ
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ֱŲҲŻعͷŻлԲѵˣĵصã㲻Ҫֽ㰡һ̾һѴˡ

ʱճɶ˹ɣֱҹʱŻԼȥʱֻɫ԰ף亹ΣϥµϢȻ⼸գɶ˹Ĺ
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˿̣ЦЦҪᣬһУΪ˹ϲЩ깬谭òľֻ»ᷴսˣҪõĹȴֻһַùλʦã빬ͬĹʦ֮䣬޸ҡ
ԣʲô
ȴ˿壬һһ˹ЦֻҪʦãʧȥֻ֮빬ͬĹ𡭡
Ļ˵꣬ٿȻһ죬նסĺǰǵΪɱ㣬ǲɱ㣬⣬ҲҴ򡭡

ס˵Щѣ¡ֻΪǡ谭Ǳϰľʱɡֺαءα˳飬αҪ
˵˴ɿ֣һ̣ﾡ˵ĸ֮ɫʵ˵һҲû£ֻһˡ
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ĬȻĹѲǵѲͬ˿ǻ޶ȵħŮȻ׼ЩŮǲǷйһΪ޷Լøǿѡ
ԴӾԼЩľףΨʹԼ㹻ǿ󣬲ܹǿʳһϯ֮أܹ˺£־壬ء
һΪƣΪ꣬޵Щ϶ҲҪɵ֣ʵ
ףûнʵһŮӣ׼֮أ³ǻжôңҲΪ˵˫¯ҲȥҲ˻ɽҰ룬Ҳ
ԣþһа취ʩֶΣԼǿ̸֮ɫ깬

ʱ˿̣棬ŻлԲѵʦãһ̣˵ĸ֮ɫ
֪ʦ֮ʱȴѾʧԼһֲ߻֮ʦûжôԹ
һжҪɶҲֻһʱţɶеζҹҹĸоԼΪǵĸоţɶٺˡ
һƭʧʱǲòʴǹʼʱҲ£ҲգٸһѡĻᣬѡʴǹŮľ


0739 
ɶѴϺһһȥ棬ѵȺãʱ˻ԲѣģѾܾû궯ˡ
ԴɶһۺҲ޷ͣЪδ˳ŮӣǾ·һ㣬˼ĺ룬δĸŮӣ˶Ĺ
أɫ䣬˿̱ɶһһǰصʦãһԪͻ㳹ױˡ
£Ȼ֪
Ц˫֣Ѿ಻סеҲ֪ԵŮ˭ΣٸʮӣȻҲԴŮʱһ
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䵽һὫɶ棬˫üȻ΢ɶʱȻҲֻǶݵģԺɶʴǹĺô֮ǻΪЩ׹
뵽˴һЦڵʱ򣬽ö˼ʹԡ£Ҳһ飬ԡϷˮܻʲôȽɶʴǹǸʱ򣬶˽øӵ޼䣬Ӱ룬깬
ӺŴʱϻԲѵɶĽëŵؿڣǰŮӣһԣǿҪ಻סˡ
һۣסҸղ˵ĻԪһٴζ
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˭
ȻһȷӦֻеؿھһʹѱ˵Ѩ޷޷޷˹
иһΪҲܹͣ׽סǶԷҪȡҲ練ƣ뵽˴һɳ֮ʱӱӿѹ֮ʱǿտһ

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һ£ʱ뵽ʲôʱ׹̶ȫ¶˸ɫҲһ±ü԰ˡ
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ʱ˿̣ɶ˫ֻżţܹţ۰ԼǸʦ㣬ڸղţȻҪ͸һӡô
һǰһɽɽ´£죬ɶûô˵ҲһֻĬĬߡ
ǰ깬飬ɶ˵̫Щħ֮δŹκˣû뵽յʦ㣬ȫȫŶԷԷ֮£ȴĺ
ܹ˭Ȼ䣬е֮һ˿Ρ
ʱ̧ͷƺſǰǸӵ䱳Ӱ񷴵ԭİӣ˿ŵˡ
֪ٶƻĺɫ֮ʱһ֪ʲôǵĹų⡣
б£ŵ࣬ݳݺɣȲõķֵطһǣ
˽кֻϳˮ˱ȼ࣬ССһųҲַǷ
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ո֮ǰҲ˳ϵ֣ɳǡ
˳ӦлɳǣǷԲǧΨһһǣ޹ֻ˶ˣ⸽ǧĴСÿЩʱգǲɰ£ǴϢֻףùģùġ
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ҹʱɶѾ棬˽棬㣬¯󣬱úȥˡ
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һĿģǿܷҵһЩ֮õϢĿǿܷҵһЩõĶ
ת˰Ȧ֮һСС̯ǰֻӵƹ滹վӣȥʲôࡣ
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ʮֹӣӡ˷ģѰ֮һ۱ϳʲôֻˣûһʶģ֪ʲôȻ˹
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ƹһ£˳ָȥԥʱҲͻȻΧһ±ɱڣŵƹǲҶˡ
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⡭
ƹԥ˵⡭ӣǰѱλүҪӣ
ŴԣһЦôɳǵĺУǸӵġ
䵭ҼǵãеĹ֮һһֽǮһֽûʲôģƹĪǴ㻵˹أ
һԣƹʱŵ亹ֱðӿ˿ջعͷΡΡ塭öƷʯ
ԣ̨һöϹʯȡ
⡭
ƹûϵ˳£öƷʯСĿǵͬʮöͨʯҪ֪һͷǲֵǧʯء
ֻǴ˿̣ȴԵЩԥڵҲǿֻֻʯʱȥȡˣʱӦҲˣֻһССģҲ֪ﱦˣֻǲҵڡ
޷еĹزܻȡʱһӺȻؿڵ
ƹŴԺ󣬷תǳȡСڹ̨Ϻȥ
ո˵ǺһۣӾͷеԡ
ˣ߶˹Ȼȴֻһǳ֮УҲδȥһۣתɶȥˡ


0740 Ѫ
㡭
һɲǣУһɱǺеĹ֮һ棬ô򶷣ȳ˺УʱҪ˹ܡ
ոǡ֮
뿪Ӻɶȥһϳ֮Ǹոմµˡ
ֱΪ̶աԨǡաȪ졣
֮ȻҲ߸ͬʱ߸֮߸֮Ϲʱڣ칤ɽ㾡֮죬ȻѰ֮ͨҪǿ
ʱֻ֮֮ͨҲɽ죬ǿ߸֮ࡣ
£ȴû뵽һССĺ棬Ȼ֮ڤڤҲ⣬γģ˵ۣۣ֮֮ոõ֮Ҳֻһɲó
˿̣˶˵ȥҲһЩСܹߵģ޶ˣǰ˭Ȼš
ˣ˿ɫ˪Ѿɱ˱˴˶һۣǲںﶯ֣뿪˺Уû˹ˡ
һطɶСˣе㲻ɱҲͦصġ
С˶ѣ𣿡
ɶ֮һЦ˵ݣ濴Сˣһ仰ıҪûС
ǰʱȻһӰ˵ǰǸɫ꣬һֻۣǻΪѣʱģƺԼʵк¡
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Цݣ΢Ц˵ɶĿһ˿䲻ȵصˣ˭
΢Цλ˱֪
ɶɫ΢˻˭ܻǵǺ깬ˣҲˣƴʱӣƺ֪Լ˵ݣԷС֪Լ˵ݣԼ˵١
뵽˴Ե˿ϣȴƽƽ˿롣
·

ɳǵҹеĵط䣬еĵطַɷǳֵĵطÿÿҹĻ٣ĵƻ𣬲Ÿոտʼ
ɶ꣬һ·ɷＸƻСսһ¥
¥ķ˵ȺŶ¥ǰ˿Żʦ𣬶λѵˡ

ֻ洫һϵλѣһ𡣡
ԣ򿪷ţɶ˸֣λѣ롣
ֻ棬һߣڵͷֻƱƣһ߽УܵԷ͸һɴ̹Ǻ⡣
ϢȣǰŵֻƱ뱭УһβüϣһѪɫӡǣ֪Ѫӡʲô
һһƾնֻƱʱתúɶ˹
һ죬סľƱͬһˣʹǱоҺһδͬѰ֮ˣ»ߣҲԽӲסߵơ
ѣ롣
Դ⣬˵ǰƱһ
Ҳԥľһһףһڵˤ÷飬䲻ص˭
߻ձ̧ͷһɲǣֻͫѪѪ⣬ſǻɫһףʱ׹ѡ
Ȼɶʱȴɫ糣صѪ޺ۣ벻ССɷ޵Ѫǰҡ
ŴһӵգǱĬȻѪ֣Ȼǵãʱ򣬴ԽƬɳĮҵڷЩˡ
ǺڷˣԳλ常ѪޣڷˣһٻҲһգɶǽڷȫɱˡ
ѵѪȴǴӱ𲻳ɣֻ̧̧֣λѡ
･һɺ⣬ҲܹܵϵĺѪ֮ЩڴˣûһҲаǧ
ʱɶɫ䣬ȥɫ޾ǰѪޣ˿֣мʤ㣿޵⸽˳ǧĸ֡
˸ղŽ֮ʱʶѶκֻѪһˣȻֻһˣôȻΪ
οΪ˺ڷһõķ֮ˣ޵бҪʦڵ䱨Ҳǲܡ


0741 ޵
ȥѪ޲ڣ֮ǰ飬Ѿ֪ˣӴ˶λȡԹˡϷλΪһ¡
ɶ΢ӣ޵ˣѾ֪Լ˵ˣ˵ǰк£˵޷

Ѫ΢΢ףĿȥ˵λԪݣԷͬСɣ˴ϷµòλӣӦΪ֮һ¶ô
ĬȻ˵ȥѪͣһ˵ۣ֮飬Ƕ־ڱصãѽ֮Ⱦָʹλ²ҪˣҲѡ
Ŵԣɶ˫üһԣأɫ䣬Ѫ޲ټ˵ˣŵµ˼

Ѫٴο˿˵ν˵ĵˣѣϷҲͲˣһΣ޵λͬԸ顣
һ̣Ȼֻ֣˽
˶ʵϹʱŲ٣޵ֻһС֮⣬ֵЩֻǼԶС֮⣬޵ȴС֮ڡ
鴴ٶǰ֮ʱһСķˣʮ䣬ǽ̲СĸȻ޵в
˵ˣԪħЩ֮ĹϵһԪŶͷȻҲŶͷ
˿̣˰лΪվſҲ˵һŵڵ˼֮˼
ȻѪȻΪߣµҲŲ٣ȴ֮֮ʱȻ޺׳
ϷһˣȻϵ˼Ѫ޿ص
ڻ˵ʱѪվֶŴһ죬ѵһ飬һ¸ץӰ
ֻ£Ͼ״֮ǰں棬ڵˡ
ѪѪǰ
˴˿ŵɫǱֻһ·ĸɶҸᶯ֣ȴû뵽ŸţȻѪޣû뵽ԭ˴ɱѪ޵ӣѪȴֻܵʲôû
˴ʱ׹˺ڵϣϲϿͷģֻ··ûСûʲô롭ѪǰʦķϣģĹǡ
صϿͷȻѪ䵭һ仰δ˵ſһ죬顱˺ϣʱ˵
ѪʱһأһŨŨѪȣֻѪ˻ȥɶˣϷλ֮λ޹أڸղ˵֪λǵΣ
ʼգδתһۣʱĿȻѪϣص֮˼ҾãʱģӦ֮ǰǰΪأ
һһ±ޱȰֻǵϣѪ䣬
껹δʬ崦˿̣ȴӲǽһ仰ԭأǺܿ죬˹ǰˣҲһ֮
Ѫ޵ݲӣûм˸Ҷ˲ǻ˵ҲϾ޵֮ȷ޵ܹ֮̴֮£
֮Ϸһʱļͻˡ
Ѫǰˣȴû뵽Է˵ĻδˣҪ˵УǿֻܾٶǰǸˣʵ̫ˣҾ˵ͬһţţ塭ѵˣб
ˣĳ͸ˡվٶԣɶתȥˡ
ֱߵû󣬷عŸղɶߵķüڵˣԽԽԴˣе㱾£Ŀˡ
˵꣬Ѫޱִ̧˵ȥŸղȥķԪһɼС졯ڻǲҪ׵Ϊá

ɷ棬ֵϺƸĬĬɶȻҲ֪ʱ뷨ǻĻղҲ˵
һһȻ֮أſڵ֮ȻңνҲ޷Լѣ
˵˴𽥱һֳ棬Ǹ飬ȴŲ֮Եˣ˵ɽ֮ʯԹ񣬴˴˼ƣΪá
һ˵ɶ˼һΣ֮£ɷ޵
ڣǴ㡭
֮ȷϢĳ˷ȥѶ˼գӦþ͵ˡ
˿̣˼ǰȥԽǰߣԽһ磬ҲԹ𣬴·ߵĴҡβֹһ꣬Ҫ
ٺĳ˻ɳǣȹĵģȻǻδΡ
δʵڲֹۣʵ֮˫˫˳Ĭɫá
˺һĳźȻ̧ͷ˵Ȼʱûҵۣ֮ǴһضֻܹǣЩȡ


0742 ׺
һŶˣ˵
ĳһۣһ˲ͬʱ˵Ӵ˴ϣǧ׺Χ׺Ƭ֮أһսһöǧҪ졣
˵ͬһֲô˵ˣһȻãͻȻѶ˵ʲôд֣֮ĿȴԼȡǧ
ٺĳ˿Լˣæ˵һнΪ˹һУҲΪ˹ֻķǡȻҲҵһһһ죬ǧŽһö
ȻŶˣĬЩŰɣһŵꡣ
һʣĳԥƬָ̣С˵ꡣ
ʱ䣬ڷ˶ԶǼ̣ο֮ˣʱ䣬꣬Ҳٺò
˵ͷȥȡ
ȵȣ
æס˵ǽɲððʧʧȥģʱв׺ȥˣʱ֮Ʊؾۼˣֻһö˶һ𣬵ʱضʧأúܣɵ취ãĪ֮ʱٻˡ
ѡ
Ŀ䵭һ˵ţһȥˡ
ĳٶ˻ں棬Զ֮ĳųӰһۣƨӣ¶ûקأŸװôҲ֪׿һˡ
˵䡣
ῴһۣ̲סһ̾°Ҳ֪ĽƺʱŻɶ˿ǵھͺˣι˼ô飬Ȼȥֻ´˾Ĺǡ

棬ɶʵ֮۵Ϣ
Ϸȥȥ׺£㽫֮صǧһ˵ˡ
ɶ֮󣬳ֲ֮ǰ׺ȥԭǱ챦ΪܸоЩ֣
£ҲûʱȥôˣǣϷȥٺĳˣȻҲһ·
ٶ׺ȥֱ󷽲ŵִһ·ϣѾˣһ޼٣򲻻˶ˡ
ϸϸһ룬ǧȻ󣬵ֻһö˶ˣƺЩ˵ȥ£Ҳûʱȥôֻ࣬׺ȥ
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ٸĳ±ϣǰһƬͿƣͷЩ
׺Ǻ󣬶һƬĺ붼ϵĺСˡ
СȻһС֣ʵСɶԴӽڣδ߳СķΧĳôãҲͬδСķΧ
С⣬Ǿ͸ˣޱ޼ʣЩط֮أЩطδ˷֮أһЩطĳЩصĴռˡ
һЩ֮أǵ£Ѿãö֮ȻҲγһЩңеĳЩңһɾСƵΪҲķ֮ʿһЩ˲֪ĲϹ档
˿̣Ҳվ±ߣǰһƬƸǵƬ׺ֹǰԲʮԱƸǣ֮˽Ув֮»ҷ׺ףʵ֮ס
֮ǰĳʱûҽ̫棬ʱǵͿһƬޱ޾ƣȻЩ־塣
ɶҲһƬƣ˵֮أ˲֪裬ֲڣգת
ʱв˽׺뾡졣
˵ţһȥɶ״Ҳԥһͬչ׷ȥٺĳ˶һۣһҧҲȥ
ڵͿлŲƣ˲ܷ̫ߣףһЩվ֮ʱֻ䵽棬ж
ʱ䣬Ѳ֪Ƭ׺˼ԭƬ׺ģҲףʱߵĴ룬ʹƬ׺궯
Щ죬Ѿطв̶ͬȵĽףһЩΪǳߣΪңΪҪٴ򣬵ȴ֮»ҷˡ
飬Ѳ֪˶˶ԽԽСˣԽǰߣҲԽǲһĸоڻδ֮أȻ˿ֲ֮أжΣգ
ˣ֪˵գϣҪǰ̵յأֻΪһöǧ


0743 ֮
ǰ桭ǰ֮ˡ
ĳˣ˿̲֪ʱǱʲô˵嶼Ѿ
ǰƻ֮ǴδƵײľ󣬷·һƬޱ޼ʵƣڸͷֱһš
֮вϴľƬż֮أ˶࣬˿ֲס
ΪжߵˣС֮صףҲû˸գȥŭΪѾ˶ڣܹһ£Ҳƾ֮ⲿס
Ǵ˴ƾۼ̫࣬Ҳ߾뻹̫ңԶڣȻ޷ܵĳ˵ϢԿ϶ǣǰԶˡ
֮أƬ׺µĵطҲֲĵطҲ˵˲֮ˣƽˣҲʱ£ﳹױһƬ֮ء
ߵĴ룬ʹƬøΣգÿ춼ɥ֮£һЩδߣѾĬĬ˳ȥټ룬ʹһЩѾѾ⾳ߣҲʮСġ
ǰһξ룬Ѿ֮أ洦ɼսĿľɽʯԼѵء
ԭһƬΪĺֻǲ֪һ꣬ˮ׸ɺˣֻʣһޱߵʯ
еԽԽͣ䲻ֻһһƲﴩǿҫ۵Ĺâ
ԶѾ˲ӰȻ˼ʹڵ͹ҲҪʱʱ̸̿ܵһϲԵв
˸Ǹߴߣ˴ƲڵͿգߴѰ·Ǹߴϣʱ¡
ҲͬһСڵ͹֮ȵһƬտ֮غֻǸѾۼ˲ˣԶһ߸ߵϣֻ±뵣γһŰ˿ǰȴܹܵõһϹŵ
Ȼǰ棬һ֮صĹʱ˶ڵȴȴɢ֮ʱһϹʱڵ
˸ȥֻǰգвȥһȻȥ±ʱҲһŰһŰһһֹκ˿
Ȼ˲ʣҪԷǿƿ³ȴף֮£ҷ
Ѿû˸ټˣֻܵȴȴһŰԼɢɢ֮ʱҲǧ֮ʱ
˶ڵȴ֮ʱһ֮֮УʳһڣԪǷʳһöǧԪǧԪǺεȸǱٶһǧ꣬һЩΪߣԪ֮ˣضΪƴһ
ʱ˿̣ĳѾиܵˣƬ֮أǵͿлŵĲƣ棬һɱ
ԪԪһ򣬾Ϊ챦֮Ҳһ㲻ƴľ棬̫ɱȴͬˣѪɺӣ˶ƴû˻顣
˿̣Ҳ۲ţ۲⸽жٰŵĸ֣˵ص쳣ʶҲܵ谭޷ȥ֪˿ֻƾһ˫ȥ۲졣
ϷʯͷŵǸˣкϺΪǸµߣΪߡ
۲һʱֻˣ޷ʶȥֻ֪ƾ˫۹۲쵽ȥƲ⣬δ׼ȷֻ²ο
ɶ˳˵ķȥֻϷһʯһӰһݿµߣȫȧǸʣ˫ۣȥһ߸ʬһ
˵ĸˣӣ˶ܻ䲻֪˭ȴܹܵóԷ͸һɱԶܵԶԶġ
һɶȥվŵǸߣȥ㱥࣬ɫ󣬶ԣһ»Ĺӣ⹫಻ݱȻͬСɣ˵󣬻վŲٺˣƺǻ
ʱȥ
ɶջĿ⣬˵ţ˿˵ǱˣҲǴ˵ǧˡ
⸽ôˣĳ˲ɵðǶ֪ʵΣϾﲻ죬ˣҲǵ֮
ʱ䣬ʱ˶ĿתϵһŰʱѾɢ࣬ԼԼѾܹһ֮Ӱˡ
Ŀתע֮£ٽ֮ʱһҲʼɢˣһ̣ĳɫøΪˣҹʱҲۣȥ
ɢˣ˶׼ƺЩ죬˵ע±ߵǿϣȴע⵽ʲôط


0744 
ˡˣ
ĳĿתϣֻһ±ߵİɢ¶һ
˶Լֻߣȴ֦Ҷïŵ⻪һ
һ֦ϣֻһźͮͮɹڲҶ֮Уһöʵǧ귽һأǧ
ʱ˿̣˶ϵסˣڶϷĿߣһ̣Ҳۣ±ߵȥһɲǣһ˿Ĺâ
ǽ¹ɹһǳڴվһԾĬǲδʱ
ǧŻһʱʱ䣬᳹׳죬ȳ׳֮ʱ䣬ʱժɣǲ׵Ԩ
ȥժɣʱѾ˿ʼɽ¿ˣҲͬʱͿǲƺȻֹȻһ绮Ƴգ¡һɽ¸
ɽ£ʱɽʯѣ׷ɣŵæȥֻǵͿƷӿң׽£γһȦ򣬷ͼ֮ˣȻ֮»ҷ
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˶۾Щţۼǧڼʱȴ裬˸ҿȥô죿
ֻ˻ȥھֻܵɢһȦײʧҲûа취Ϊߣȥǿһԡ
˽ʱ˶ԭزڼ˳ԷȥԿףȻǳķҲֵֻܵ׹һʲôֵס
ֹ˰ʱˣʱϵҲѾ׺͸ˣȫʧ֮ʱһϣȥϵ
Ȼȴϣ˳ȥʱһȻڰ𣬽űǰʮˣ˲仯Ϊ˷ɻҡ
һ£ܾСæȥֻƲ㵱Уһֻ񸩳
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˽һ뵽ĵرĵطûػ֮飬ȲжУܹף˱뿿
ֻ֣֮㬶飬ȥټɽ£ǧ⡣
֮أ飬֮У
ǲһԵʮƽȣϵ⸽ޣԸղ֮ʱδһȥᣬǵ޳ҿһǧϵĵС
ô졭
ĳüͷ壬֮δ룬ΨһܹȹģֻǧˣѵҪʧ
ĳЩżȥ㱾ôܹԸǲ𣿡
Զǲ񣬵ȥԸȥ𣿡
ҡ
ĳ˵һͣҪô̸ףʱɶȥ
ðա
ȻԶףޣһ˾ͺɿǲҪȥǡ
ԶˣʱҲԥûԸȥԸѺôø˼ˣ˳ǰ֮ʱȻ䣬ֻһɫӰӣͻȻµ·ɴֱܶеĲ͵Ϯȥ
һ̣˶ס˺һԭһǳţϮһ˲ΣգæһܣڰƬƬɫë
ܿ죬һֻ޽һǧ꣬в£Ҳ׵磬һʱ䶷ذȻֻǧС
һĻ̫ͻȻܿ죬ҲӦ˹ʱȥʱ
һ£ȥ˸ˣ˶ɽ³ȥһ˲䣬ҲչɲǱ߹ȥˡ
Ǵ˿ȥ˺֮֮ࣿܿչɱֹԷɽϣһѪ֮ʬ׹ȥ
ѪȲпģٺĳˣʱס˺ĿƶһҲֻܹ˳棬õö
ɶʱȻվԭأδȥ֮ĿҲƶһʲô⣬ܹǰ


0745 
µվֲзɣֻܽʯУֻȺٶȼ˼ޣⲻմ棬±һһҶɵеʯӣԿΪá
ȻжʮɲľʱȻһӰϮȻֹֹһӰգ֮䣬ѶʮӰֹġ
Щ˳ֱֺȡţ˫һ㣬ɲչһ࣬һ̧˲ʩֻüһڣһᣬ׹ȥ
һĻ̫죬ʮδܿ壬׹ºһϮ˳ͬأָצֱץȥֻǻδҲ֮ǰһ˲Ϣѱ
̶Ƭ̼䣬ʮ棬ɱǳֺȴû뵽ǰ˳ָ顣
ۼ֮ɱˣЩһ˲ˣûһ£ͻȻˣҲûκ˿ڣʵʣµˣʱѾټˡ
ԶҲ¶ɫؿǰ׷ӣ̫ˣʲôûˣȴһ˲ɱˣ
Ǹ¹ӺҲߣ¹ɫȴ˼
Ϊ֮ߣԶܱȣûܿ壬ոտǸ˾ûκһˣҲδЩ˷ֺȴһ˲Щ˵ܹһ˵һ⵽ʲôȻƽ湦ҲҲһƵĹ
̫˿Ҫõˡ
ʱԱߵĽ¹ӺȻü˵
عҡͷϹֲֵģҿ˵һ˵ţһһȥ
ֻǱһ߼ٳɽ¶ɱ¾޳еڴǰˣһǸղڶϷʯͷŵĿߣšаСˣˣ벻ʶ
ϷɷΧɱ⣡
ֻɱĿɱһ㣬һЩδӦ£һƬѪǱĹɱֶΣֶξԵѪࡣ
ϡϺڣ
м߷Ӧ˹ǰɱϵߣǶ澳Ҳ쾳Ϻڵĸ֣
һϺڡ֣˽һû뵽һöѺϺڵĸҲˣԭЩˣʱ׷Զȥˡ
ʹѾȥʮ꣬Ԫŵӿ˴ܹϺڵˣͬΪ࣬Ϻ쾳ȫͬ쾳ֻǵϵľ磬Ϻڣȴʥĳʼ׶Σ֮䣬Եơ
ȻаѾϺڣһǧĵУĻߣУ߹һУӲҪȥ졣
ܿ죬аѾ嵽˹˸ȥʱǡǡҲǸ
һأ˵Ŀⶼ۽ϣһǺϺڵĸ֣һɱΣǵ뿴ƴһ˭
ȻаҲע⵽ˣǰ׷˾ѰϣһܼϢ
Ѱ֮ˣһƾˣϻǴ˿̣֪ǰ˲׶Ըˣ㻹дʱ䣬Ͳһ֮ʵ˰ɣøϷΣ飬պϷض㡣
ȻԪȴٳ޷붴ڣûа취ҪôǧҪôֻ辶Զᡢ׻ЩֻǺȻǰߣȻж׻ɹ֮ˣҲС
һۣҪˣ²øǰˡһ˵ţһ̽ȥ
ߣ
аһߣٶԣƣǵѪâƼӲһƣֻûתһƻײʱøɽѣ
ȥԶԶˣҲеһϣϺڵĸԷǵУû뵽ǰ׷ӵĹҲ˿ΪһĪҲϺڣʵ󡭡
аĿɭ䣬ֻһƣ֪ԷĹԼ֮£־ڱصãȻɱ⣬һŨŨѪȳȥȴ˫֮䣬˲仯Ѫ֪ʲôа
Ѫ䡭
ԶɶĿһۼѪѽ֣ʱԥ˫Ԫһ˲һı̣ݡһɽȥ
һаɱֻסƣƵֿһ̣ѳŴʱѪ֦ϵǧץȥ
а΢΢һæ˹赲ٴһ䡱һһʱϵѾȫ죬һڴ֦䣬޵׵Ԩ׹ȥ


0746 Ԩ֮
ۼ޵ԨȥҪȥ׷аһƴһ裬漴Ҳץȥ
ضһ£֣һˣһֱаȥֻ»ٵֻɲĹ
ܵϮаϾ˼ֻû࿹ʱҲһȥ׷˾öǧ޵Ԩ׹ȥȴû˸ȥ

ǽ¹üͷһ壬ҪԨȥȴԱߵһΣգҪȥ
˵һɲǣȻ䣬һɹҿֲͻȻԨ·ӿԨͱϵһУ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
һ֮ʮֿµģаԷһԾ±ϣܿһԨ
ֻԨ棬ȻӿȻһɼǿ֮ǵλԵʣ±ѾѺۣκȥȻΪٸߣҲ֮£˲ǡ
һ̣˶ԶȥûϵͻȻд˱ʣ˸ٿ£һöҲ֮£Ԩ֮Уʧ
ˣ
ĳɫһΨһһöǧ귽һأΨһܹȹĶ׹Ԩ
˿̣˶Ԩ治סӿĹǵ´˺֮ľͬʱǸеʮɻϹżһɿµ˺֮ѵĳӴ˴𡭡
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һĻֱǾɷڳˣţԨ˺ѺֲܶԿ±ߵ֮ȻΪٸ֮ˣһ׹ȥҲȻᱻ˺ѵ÷ǡ
һ
ɶҲû뵽˵ȥǲҪ
ܿ죬ӰѾʧǹ֮УҲˣֻܹܵԨ洫Ŀ
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ֱƬ̹˲عԨһƬ˿˫ĿԲЩš
Сӣݡ
аҲԨ棬Ͼɫڣʱȴֱ±ȥ˵ڵΪң붴ˣҲδظԨȥ
˿Ԩ·һռ˺֮ˮ׵һһУ˲ǡ
۾֮סʶ̽ȥҵ׹˫һţȥ
ȻҪץס֮ʱȻһ˺֮ɨһ֮üȿͣҴ⣬Կ͵һܿһֽһ׹Ĵʯһ̤ץסö⸽˺֮ҲԽԽܼԽԽˡ
ȻѾ޷ȥĴ룬˺֮Ѿȫңʱȥ˿ֻ̣׹ˣһ·ܿЩ˺֪֮Ԩ£ʲôطŽЩûȥ
֪˶ã˺֮Ȼӿưӿһ㣬ҪС
ǺԽԽ˺֮΢΢һֻüӿٶԨ³ȥһ˺֮׷ϣʹΪҲֻԪ롣
ҪȥʱǰȻһѺۣһƬףѾ·ˣ˺֮Ѿ췭ӿֻתȫΧһ㻤ԪȻҲ룬Ѻȥ
·ӿһ³뺣һ㣬һ޾ǰǱһƬǰȥȴ֪ǰֻһƬޡ
ģһֹ¼ſ־֮Χߣʱյĸо˵ħڣӳʱһƬա
һΣƬջʱ䣬һˣʱ˿̣Ʈĸо뵱ֱĸоơ
֪ǰҲ֪γȥֻܲǰȥģһɱ֮ϮͷһջãҵѺ۳أ
֪˶ãΧʼһƬڰ·һУԹ֮У·һУֻص˵ֱ䣬ĸоһϮ
Χ¶ԽԽ䣬Ͻһڰ֮УѲ֪Ʈ˼գ·ޱ޾ڰʶģ֮ʱȴ·δ
δ롭
һ˹Ԫһ𣬽ϵĺ飬ǰԶ֮ڳһ⣬ԽԽԽԽ


0747 ɹ
⣬˵ǰгڣһ֮Ʈȥý֮ʱǰ߹ȻһѺۣͨ档
ԥǵȥǵǰһ±ʮֻаããһƬ
˺һһƬ׹ɢȥһ̣ܵһ쳣ŨۣǰһУҲ𽥱һﻨĹ֮С
ˮȣƽǰٲ֮ǰ׺ǵȿֲ
һʧϹżû뵽ԭ֮£ȻһĹɵء
ԣﲻֻŨѡ
һɲǣܵˣĹȻ棬ǻһϢһɽϢ
ɽ硭
̧ͷԶȥ･һָ֮ɫ˼˶гһܹɣɽ磬ɽڷ߶ԣǺңԶ
Թ߽񣬷ɽ֮ˣдڣ֮٣ֻ֮䲻֪ǴӺʱ𣬿ʼǿĽƷӡ޷ɴС
ʱ˿̣ܵһɽϢѵǴϹʱģĪǸʱ֮䣬谭
Ȼ䣬ЩħĲӰеɳĮ淢ֵϹżټϴ˿ɽϢԽţںܾúܾǰ˼йԻ͵ʱ
ʱ˼ǿߣҲеη壬һ۷ʱΪͨǿߣȴȫʧˣʱļضδһƪΪΣЩħЩ˼ǿߣȥģ
һеһУѳΪⲻգʱ˿̣﷢ɽϢĪֻɺϣ
ϪǰȥԼ߳·ԭֱµϪȻתȴһƬﴩ˹ȥƬ֮£Ȼһ㵭̡
ֻƮɢʼĿһۣ߽֮ʱʶ⵭棬ܵһɻʱĺϢ
Ѱ֮˾Ըܲȴܹʶһڳ˵ʡ
⡭
ʮʼֹˮƽ޲һ̣ľȻʼﵽʲôطءѵǴ˵ĺ
ǻʱԻ֮˵ֻһƣʹ˻ɣֻ֮࣬ɾͲ֮
ڹȥǧû˳ȥѰҺȻ֮˵ұҵеһ߱䣬ҲѰһ֮
˿磬ѵأȻǴ˵ĺһɺ֮
뵽˴ԥ谭ʣʱ䣬Ҳ꣬βڴһԣ±жȥϥ£ʼ˹ɣԽһ̣塣
ҪƬֵȫ壬һҪҪ˿衣Ѿȥѣɹת
ʱһȥ̿ʼһڣֱһһҹ̣֮һƬʱҲڿԿ϶ˣһƬ̣Ϲʱһƺ
ֻǹôãһƺѲƵö֮Ѿ𽥱˼ȾҪģֻǰһƬȫ壬һҪƬ棬һƺ
ʱ˿̣һ¯һһ㣬Ƭԭһƺ
һǰʱ䣬º㽫һƬһƺʱֻȫ亹죬ȻļҪָ
⹤ûа׷ѣһƺܹȫڣ˿ų⣬ܲƴ˵ֻһƣܻɣһƺؽΪպΪͻƵĹؼڡ
ʱ˿̣ѾܹԸܵˣһƺ֪࣬ģȻʱȴˬû˿ƣ֮Уȫƺ
ʱһϢȻɫһʱ֪Ҳɹˣһ·ϣҪ֮ʱһϢȻƽһߵ
СѲδȴһ̤ϺڣŽӽڵĹʵ˷˼
ֻ⣬һӰÿһӰȴ߿˰ٲһӰ·˲һ㣬ѾС


0748 
һɫߣһ۱㽫ϳˣ֮ǰǽ¹һߡ
ǰʱ߲δ֣˰ʱ䣬ԷȻҲɹ
ΪҲֻܴ¹ƣʱԷԼǰ֪ǰкָ̡
߸ֶɫؿ˵ͷ֣°룬ЦŵСһΪ棬֪Сʦкţ
ɡ
Ŀ䵭ѱòϲ˵Ծɿȴ룬ʱֳһˣ˲ˡ
Цⲻ۰룬ǰСѴӦҵöǧˡ
ء
Ҳһ̣ɫȻոһѾоˣԷĿĲԼöҲ졣
Ȼ΢Цݿɷͬһ㣬С֮⣬Ĺ̫˾ͽ䣬ǵʦҲ˵ݼߣΪǼߣĹΪĺϺڸ֮һκ˼Ƕֳ羴δ˸˵
˿̣˾ͽȻЦⲻһΪˣضܲ΢Ц˵һСö֪СѿϷ񡭡
˵꣬ϵǧ׵ã컯Ѱ֪ǰܹʲôۣҪǰǰҲ𣿡
һ±ЩΣȻ˾ͽҲ˿̵Ļ˼ҪöȥһҪ֮˵Ҫ֮˵ô˵ǧ𣬱䷨ǧҲѻһöˡ
ٶԣ˾ͽȥ˾ͽѸٷӦһ죬ץȥСѡ
Ϯľ磬һ䣬һͬһɾ³Ҷֹ
˾ͽ΢΢һ̱ͣ任ʽ顱һ˾ƣƬӵĴҡβֹҶ䡣
ĸɵڹķ
˾ͽֻеԷĹ̩ɽɵһҪзֶԷȻΪҲԷǰʲô
СϰǶдд裬Сˣ㽫Σ
˾ͽЦڣһ˵꣬ش𣬱һ繥Ϯȥ
ΪǲСοԪδüָʱӲܴ⣬ܵԷϢƽ֮ʱתһƴЯ߷־ǰڵҶ׷ɡ
飡
һ죬˵ٴζţɽײһʹö˾һ
˾ͽвٴΰĹֻһأȻδֶܷԷĹԴںźɡ
Сѹȷʵǳܼ
Ŀһۣ˾ͽٴչȥһΣֻ̤ٲ䣬Ī⣬˲Ϣ侹ѹǰȻһдȥʱӰȻɢȥˣȴԭһӰ˲˾ͽ
ĺɱ˾ͽһݣδϵԷҲ˿죬²˼һƴٶԣʱתƷɣɽ𺳡
Ƭ̣˽δʲôֶͨΣδɽȻÿһУȴǼԣ쳣գֻһԲʤ֡
˵ʱԽԽ죬ģƬֶǶ˵ĲӰѰ֮˿Ҳ
һɲǣ˾ͽȻԪޣ˻ᣬһ³ֱץȥһأʤ֣
Ȼδܶ㿪һ£Ȼץסһ˲䣬˾ͽΪʹ˵֣һɲǣ֪ιʣȫһȻɿ֣˳ȥ
ٿϣһ±Щ԰ʧɫǳ˾֮ɫ˼ؿǰˡ
ڸոһ˲䣬֪ΪΣһ˲䣬пȫ˵ϣЩȥصĴħˣȻΧ˵ԡ
ΪȾ磬컯вһЩ˿ֻסҡͷһҡͷһ߲ȥ飬飬̫أһԶһա
һأ˾ͽûЦݣʱ·ҲˣǰϿһĻʱЩȥֹǰˣȻȫĪȥһ˿ڶûУƺ֪ôˡ


0749 ֮
ܹڹ֮䣬Сѵı£öûлõˡ
˾ͽһ˵ţһȥҡͷЦһ˾ͽ䣬ϣٻСʱǲǵˡ˵꣬һգ۱ʧӰ١
ʧķ򣬳Ĭٿ£вٻݲѾήˡ
˾ͽߺûãȻ֪Ĵһ춯ʹɹȣ΢΢ֻ𶯽һְܱ
֣߳۲Ÿʹʶ̽Ҳ޷̽Ѱոһ춯ˡ
ʱɰﻨ㣬ոһ΢𵴣δʲôӰ졣
ֻɹˣ֮أ
̧ͷϸߵɽȥԼĪƣаʱ䣬֪֮ʲôþȥȻո˾ͽа취ɹȣôȻҲҵȥķ
˼ˣԥֻһҲղ˾ͽʧķȥˣ±ߣ˰ʱһƺո˾ͽ䲢δȻ˾ͽ䶼ֲˣˣ͸ӷֲˣڲһƺ֪ˣֻֽ鷳ϡ
ԼһʶҵһѺۣϢ͸ֱ֮ͨأ֮ǰ˾ͽȻҲҵһѺۣġ
ҵ⴦Ѻ֮Ҳԥָһһ㻤ԪѺȥ

ʱ֮أֻͿдƬƻۣףҪ˺Ƭŵһ
ҰϻʣһЩˣѾԶû˶ˣʵԨûãΪɹĹɽϢ͸˳Щ˼飬ģʼ˳ȥԨ棬ȻʹСҪô֮£ҪôǱ˺֮ʵ÷顣
գû˸ټȥˣֻȴȴ˺֮˺֮ǵûмǰʱ򣬲֪ιʣص׿ʼ춯ȻǵͿеƣԽԽ࣬ԽԽˡ
գĻ£ò⳷ڻ֮صˣȻĵˡ
ڸոգص춯ʱ֮ʣһӰѾϢһ߷֮ǰȥ˾ͽ䡣
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ȻĵģԨ͸ɽϢҲǵص״춯Ψһĵģֻöǧ
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˾ͽ˫ü˵Ľûб򿪣ûȥȡۣ֮޷ֱȡۣ֮ôӦǽ֮˱𴦡
˴תͷŵϵǧҹ̾һǧҹҲûн⿪Ƶǡ
ǣ֪ǧҹ
ֿɬþֻǧҹһѣĲκˣνܵǧҹ飬̫ͻȻˣֻ
ҹ
ʱһڲԶһ̣·Ҳֹͣˣ쳣
ҹҹ
¹˹ֻ۾紵죬Ӽæǰס£ȥ𿴡
ҹҹ硭ſңҪҹſҰҹҹѰҹ
¹£ӽţȥҲЩʣ£Ļ𡭡

¹ϵƶߵһ㻬䣺ҹҰ¶ҵĲκˣҿԻȥˣҹѰҹ
˾ͽһȥ۵½ͻȥɡ

Ӻ˵ͷ㽫¹ȥ¹˫в磬ſҡֻһۣҿҹ𡭡ֻһۣҲޣ²ޡȥ𡭡ҹѰҿȥˣ㲻˵һµĲκˣʹ³ȥ𡭡ҹ
Զȥʧ˾ͽһֻ۾֪ҲЩˡ
˾ͽˣ㵽˶𡣡ʱȻ˵һ仰
ʲô
˾ͽԲؿǧҹʬ忴һۣ˵˾ͽ㵽𡣡
㡭һ˵˾ͽ˲ɵһɫҲЩ΢΢԰ˡ
ǰŵϵʬ湫βʱ򣬷ʮ쳣˾ͽ˲ҪңһҲ֪顭̧ͷĿ⣬ܹһһһǰϺڵĸˡ

˾ͽڻǳ̾˵һнСѣСҲˣǧҹǴӹΪġ֡ˣǧҹŲܹӰ죬ʹҲԪǡߣձȻֻܻһˣǡˡ
˵˴̾ԹΣȥ֣ʤ죬ҲϣҲ˶ܹúûţǡգȻˣԭ߻ֻܻһǿҲ֮ʱ⣬վΥɸģȴѶԭԸġ
˵ͷȥֻǲס̾ѾȥǧҹĿٴһ˿֮⡣
ô˾ͽڲصˣԺúûȥˡӣߡ˵ţ˵תؾȥˡ
˾ͽüŶ˽ʧıӰȻվԭز

˳ǣǺԽԽԶɶȻпҲԣһἰһ
֮һվ鳾֮֡˵
ӡ
ͻȻһ仰ɶԸв죬漴Ȼˣֵֻమˣȴֻܻһ顣ҡͷһЦ
һŵ֮ǰ˵֮۵ģһмߵʱӦ֮۵Ϣܸܵ𣿡
ȵȣԡ
ɶͣ˫ȥӦƺĸӦѰ˸Ҫࡣ
һż۾ŶϷ򣺡Ϸȥˡ
ߡ
˺ԥϷ׷ȥ׷һһҹԲκӰҲܲһ˿֮۵ϢϤ֮Էʲô
ɶ룬˵Ϲħһսиôų壬ҲӦˡܹϢʳǣɱˣ֮ۡӦ֣濺ͫ濣ҿǧϡ
顭
Ȼһ˿⣬ɶ֮ǰ깬
˵˴һ˿֮ɫĬƬ̣ǽĻ˵˳Ѿǵٸ߸ˡ
Ρ
Ե쳣ƽɶ֪˵ĶԹԹ˵壬ٶԣȥӦһ˿Ƭ̺ȥˡ
˼׷٣֮Ѿ뿪Ĺĵؽ磬ǰǺܴһƬ֮أԽǰԽܹܵһԵص׵ĳȡ
ǰǡ׺˵в߶ȥ
ԲϮĳȸУɶɫ𽥱ʱҲܹӦǹɵѾԽԽˡ


0762 ֮
ν׺ϵĺ󣬶һƬҽش洦ɼɽȣҽ򣬻ʱʱӵصҽⷽԲױһƬ
ҲԴ׺棬еֻǲҽޣˣƽʱżٻ֮أ֪ιʣ⸽вߵӰӳ֣˵ʲôϹ챦֣⸽ҹҹ󣬶һˡ
ɶѾһɽȵϷȵϢӿ˸еʮֲʡ
ǰ˴Լ߰ڼʯ·ʮѾɵʬ壬ʬȻһ˿
ʮ߸ʬɶüЩǱɱ׺ˡ
ʲô˶ɱô
ʯµʬ壬˵֮ǰؾɱΪõۣ֮ɱЩ׺ߣΪΣ
ɶҡҡͷ֪˳ͻɣֻߣ֮ҲЩˣЩ˶̰ģŻᱻɱ
߰ɡɱ˶ˣۣ֮֮һҪõ
ּǰȥԼʱһɽȣֻǰҽƺϲһɽ⸽в֮ˣȫҿȥֻΪȵҽҽ棬ŵĿֲޡ
Ǵ˿̣ɽȴӰվ±ϣǸƮƮŮӣʩһǸӣڿһɫĻ𻷣ǵײҽ
֮ǰˣҲɶԣ֣Ů濣еĽͫ
Ȼ
Զɶϲ޶ٱ仯߼ȻˣէȻһ²Ⱦ˳Ůӣƻӣһֻһۣ̲סԡ
ɶ⸽֮˵Ŀ⣬תͷȥĿ⣬ȻԶɽʱԣ˫һţԽҽشɽȼȥ
ʱɽ˫ֽŹӡɫߣһߵĺӿȥˣһ㡣
֪㵲סǡ
ͫһ˵꣬һǳ𻷴ȥǵµҽʱӿøͣȻ֮۾Ͳҽ֮¡
ʱѾɽ߷˹伲磬ƲɵȴңǳǳһЦ˫ֽӡеһȥ֣ҽ£ʱܳͷɸߵޣһ³ȥ
𡪡
ͷ޺죬õµҽѣһĻֱǰԶŵòȥ
ͷ޳Լɫң̧Ƽ䣬ʽѳɣһƻӳ֮Хȥ顱һһͷϣʱǹҽ档
һͷȴȻһת࣬һ߳䡱һ߳Σҽ׹ȥ
һĻ˸Ǿȣ޵Ŀ£ǰױܶԸͷĪǾǶ澳ϵĸ֣
ɽ棬أЦݣӡһ䣬ҽ棬ʱִܳޣ׺ޣ·ܹΪһ㣬ʱ֮£ǵسȥ
ɶ״Ҳһ˲ֵҽ´ܳޡ
ܿ죬⸽ѾѻһƬ޵ʬ壬һĻЩ߶ôĿģ룬Щʲôˣ˴ı¡
һϢĳȸвϮȻ䣬ֻɽȵµҽͻȻӿɢˣм䣬һͫƵ֮ȥ
ŭܣ·ҪپǰһУǳȸиϢˣһɲǣԶ߶ܵһ쳣ǿϢʱ˿̶ˣҴܵʲô
Ȼ˴γۣ֮Ǻ̶աԨǡաȪ֮ۡ
֮ˣȶԸЩޡ
һǰЩ޵һ³ɽȥҲͬʱһ˲䣬¶һĨаȵЦݣָһһ˲䳯ӿȥγһν磬䡱һ档
һֻ̣ԭգȻƷӿֹէ죬ٿ濣޷ԶȻǰ欶ˣһͫ״ʱѾ˺ɫͫè۾һмһѪߡ
ǿ
һɲǣɶܵһԶ֮ʿҲܵһɼǿٲȻЩ͸


0763 ׺һս

һҲ϶ˣǰŮӣȻˣǰ磬Ƴ
Ǻǡ
ֻӯӯһЦЦصλã׷֮ңҪء
ԣһˣһ̧һƥǽȥ¡һøضɽҡȻǽ磬ȴ˿
ں棬Щɶ£һֻһֻҽ׹ȥȫɶһ·ʱȥȻΣҲ޷ƿ硣
˷һ磬ǡ򡯡
ɶһۿƴﶼѾʧĹ䷨Ůһ
еʶ
ǳǳһЦ˫ٴνӡ¡һǽּ㣬һأǸƳˡ
Һ
ɶԣָһǽ繥ȥƬ֮󣬽Ѻۣʱۣ֮ҲѾ챻֮ͫˡ
㻹ûô
ۼѲ㹻ټά濲ɵüͷһ壬תͷͫȥ
ˡ
ͫȻ˫һУڽ֮ȫ֮棬濼Ѿ֣սһΣһԶȥˣֻһԭء
ˡ졣
ɶ˫ü΢ֻɽԴ沿ַȫƳ޷ȥ
˿
Ȼ䣬ɫЩȻɶתͷȥÿĲ֪ΪΣһ̾Īеһˣ²ϸ룬˫һ㣬Ʈȥ
ֻ˫ַһɲǣ·ؼԪҲ˹ǧĪޣİĲĪ˼
ʮһ˲䷢֮ʱӿأֻ¡һ죬ɽȾһʱӦ顣
Զ˶ˣǺεƷ֮
ɶҲһ£ոһ˲䣬Ҳ֪ΪΣ·ͬһ㣬Ʒ֮УܵһԵıˣǰǸӣįıӰ
ʮƣǹȥʮԴһƷνʮ죬ߣ֮࣬ѳ֮࣬ʶƷǷʱĴ֮࣬Ȼ
ܹƷ޵ˣʵδ룬ֻԸȥѡ
˿̣ǰĽˣɶԥֻһߡǰȥ׷濺ͫˣöԷɹصˣôۣ֮òˡ
Լ׷ʮδ뿪׺ΧǰԽԽѾܹӰ
濼׷ɫȻң˵㾡콫֮۴ȥסǡ˵꣬ͣ˫ֽӡʩչ򣬶ͫٶȴޣ׺ȥˡ
񡪡
һɲǣһɼǿ£ֻѿ裬һΣȫʩչ˲Ϣչɲǰ飡һشϣʱĹҽȥ
濣
ͫû뵽Ϊ֮ߣҲסһ˲䣬ѸܵɱϮһɲתҪȥԷ϶ԷӰȻǰʧˣٳʱ
⡭
ͫתʱһۣһؿڣͫʱһѪ±ߵʯײȥ
ʱѷ˫ӡһ䣬ǰһƬ֮У˿ֱ
˿ɱ֮һѰ֮˼ѱܹڰƮ񣬲ܿǲ϶˿һµǰһ£顱һֱӽȥ
濣
ͫ΢΢һת˲һһֻ۾ҲһĹ⣬ʮֿ¡
Ȼȥһһɰ֮ϯȥͬһ·ʯҲ÷顣
䡱һȻͫѽתȴǵֵסһ£˳ȥѪֹ
˺ǿ
һ±ϣʱؿڣѪӿ̫СˣΪ಻ֻһϺڵͨߣȻһͨĺϺߣ
ʱǺҲѾ׷ֻվԶۿȻǾңԶһĻʱǾȲѡ
ֻƮƮǰֶһͷ׷Ա䣬һһ߽䵭Ӹµؿˣۣ֮ǿԲ
Ҫ֮ô
ͫȻһЦȡǳɫ֮Ȼľٶȴһֻȫһˣһ½֮µĹҽȥ


0764 ţϣ
һĻֻɷԶˣ뵽֮ǰ˵ֶΣһǵĶ֣˱ɱˣҲ˸ȥȻʱ˾ǰ׷ӵһʽмܲס
ɶҲû뵽˾Ὣ֮ǹҽȥһ֮۱Ȼֽػҽ£ֻ𴦣֮Ҫٽ֮棬ǼΪˡ
ۼ֮ҽ׹ȥܷӦһƽ𿪣³ȥҪ֮ûأȻվһ֮ջҽ棬±ߵҽӿֹ
ߣ
ϱߣ濺ͫһۣ˱ǵмߣʱһ˲ȥˣһɲǣȴֺȻͣԭȵ׺Ҳ·ͻȻֹǰһɲ֪ĺ⡣
ʱ±ߣѾȡ֮뽫֮ٴջأһɲǣҲܵˣһԶĺ⣬֮أܸһֳ֮߱طǵС
һ̣̲ס˸׳֮أȴһ⣬ɶҲ΢΢Ǻ⴫ķȥֻԶ֮أһӰԽԽԽԽ
ԽǿԽһѹֵϢУֻͬһͷ׷ֶһһ߶ÿһӰͻǰ˲Ƽʮɾ룬˵˷ӦʱѾ⸽
ϡ
濺ͫͬسƺǰΪϣԶ˸Ǹеһϣ˵˭ΪθһϢѹ֮С
ȻԶЩˣֻЩķ֮ΪߣȻʶ飬ֻ˵顱ĸ֣Ƕԣĸ֣붼Ĵڡ
飬ʮһͷҲһȫףֻǰ飬һֵȻʲôһֵȻ
˿ֻ̣΢΢̧̧֣濺ͫ˱ȥˡ
ڲԶ֮ɶͻȻˣδ飬նԷͻȻ֣е⣬ֻЩǡ
ΪߣһĶ𣿺οҲ֣ĴҲδ֡
ɶһʱЩֻ½׶Ը
ȥ±ߵɹž޲ֻصӦóƺʦܣǡ֮
ŴԣԶ˽һ㶣仰ʲô˼ʲôʦܣʲô֮
ʵ濺֮ͫǰҲû뵽˻ϣԨԴĶԹ
ٶǰʱӣǰ౲˵ı֣Ȼ֮ϣǰı˵ȴıһ
Ϊ꣬˼̳һΪʮߴϣΪͽȻʮ˴ӡ
֮£̨ٹ֮£ǶʱһˣΣִֻһΪ˺˽֪ϡ
ȻǼ̳п˵һǶִƣҲȻǵʮߴϣͬȥ˿һҲʮ˴ӡ
˿̣Զ˶סˣֻµ·Ŀϣһ
鵱飬ȻѾ֪һЩˣһȥȻõ꣬ɸƻ
Ŀģﵽ𡭡
ǰˣĿ⣬Щƽôƽƽȫĳһ棬Ǻüŭۣɱԡ
ˣһ̶ѰƽȻԽˣԶЩۿߣԽǸеһɵ֮Ϯͷ֮ȫ
֪˶ʶԶĵطȥ±˺ĶţǸоõ֮һս
Ҳɡ
鵭صڻһ˲䣬ԭȵĿͻȻһ㺮գˡ
䣡
һɲ֮䣬һ촫һɿֲɢһδ壬δӦ˾ѽˡ
ֻҷ£˼һͷ׷˴˵һҪݻٸһУǴ˿˵񣬾Ȼƽƽ
ң뵱˵һ޷Ӧԣȴƾŵ۹֮ţ۹δǵ۹½Ԫͨ˽֮Ϊá
Ѿ֣ɶԥѸǱ߿ˣȥ֮սǣԽ˻ᣬȥõ֮ۡ
±ϣֻһµĹҽȥбϵһ㺮Եֵ˼Ϯ


0765 ţ£
䵽֮ɶ˿ԥ˫ֲϽӡ֮ȥȻ֪νҽµ֮֮档
֮ǶӦ֮۵֮Ǹ׽֮УֻǸո֮ͫҽ棬֮ܵһΣܲôˡ
һߣ濺ͫ˼ɶۣ֮˶һۣ±߷ȥ
˵ıҲǼߣֻǸո֮ȻǶ֣˿ֻ˻ȥӡһǰһƬֶ𣬶ʱǧ˿ƣֱɶϮɱȥ
ָͫüһ㣬ͷϣʱ˵ֻ۾һƬ֮֮ͫһоԴݻ١
Զ˽һæͷһƫ¿һֻ֮ͫһֻͫΪԡÿÿƻ֮󣬱һʮֲֿ֮һӳһʱˣһ
˿̣˵ļɱɶ˿ң̨һ㣬̲ӣնһһƬ£㽫˷˿һѪȫֵ档
濺ͫȴȻƲƲɱԽԽأϮ˿ͫһӣڽɶ̨һƬԽԽ
·ҹҪ٣ͫߣȻĺѻһ֮˿ȻִһŨŨϢ˷ɶȥ
һҪ֮һ߻ҪԸͫ˵Ϯɱϴ˿ѻɶȻԶ˶ס˺ΪĵЩȻԸһӣȴ֮˵
ɱֶһֻ̣ɶȻƮ̨̨һ˫ֽӡ˫գĹȻ
ڻһɲǣ̨ۣϣҲеճ͡һ죬ĺѻһ⣬ʱΪ˻ҽ濺ͫЩҲһ˲䱻Ƴˡ
Сʲôĵұ¡
˫һ䣬û뵽ŮԭģʲôħˣƽޣЩˣһһնħˣʱԼԷƣиǷߺ޲ѡ
ʵǡŮʴ֮˳ɣħҲʴǹ
ͫϣ
ֲ֮ɫٴγɶϮɱȥͫһΣҲøɶ̨֮ϣʼǾӣһɳڶ֮ϡ
һսͫˣһ߿֮棬飬˿ҲǶһ
磬ҿʣ¼ɡ
񵭵ĩһƻӳĶɣһٲȻŵơ
ƷͬСɣǶ˽ֻܹ⸽һУѱݻ١
ۼͣҲԥ˫һһӰȻ֣Хųȥ
¡
һ죬˵ײʱ⸽ķѣҽֹԶɽͷѿˣʯǹҽ׹䡣
ʱЩԶսˣҲһͷĿѣֹһЩδ֮ˣԱ໤ֻ¸ղһ£Ҳˡ
ʱҲͣ˴׷Զĵطȥոһ棬ɶվ̨ҲǾһΣЩûܿס֮ʹ׹ҽ档
һһ±߳ȥס֮Ҳ֮һۣعͷصľǸˣİ
ľǿ˵ĵһ⴫̨ϣʱڵһ뵱ʱڵĲһʱ鶯Žľʱһ
˿̣ʹľϾƽƽһ仯ҲûУˣһжԣҪǸˣҲҪάˡ
¡
ʱ±ߺȻһ𵴣Ǹոһƣۣ֮˿ֻ±ߣҽһȵϢҪپһ¡
µǣǵµҽȻǣҪû⸽һС
ۼǹҽɶټͣ±ߣָһһɳµ̨ȥ֮Ҳһ
ʱ棬ԶҲȻмӰ߷˹


0766 Ůʴ
ԶǼӰѾԽԽɶոǰһʱϲһ£Ϊ˲ǱˣһƮƮ欣ʦ
ԱߵǸӣֻϺƣȥҲһ㣬ɶعˣӦʴǵĵˣ깬ʴǵѪ¥͵ǣĴŷɥס
ùߣȥȡ֮ۡ
ţʴǵǱ߷ȥ
һνԣ̨ϵɶɫЩӣȻԱߵʴǵȴûô뷨һ˲㳯ɶȥ
ԭոɶЩʧ񣬴ʱʴǵ˹̻عӡһһֳ顱һ㽫ʴǵ
Ůʴ¯࣬οʱʦֻҪԵ˵ĹʱҲĻͺʤˣʦһţʴǹŮľ֮¡
ת˲䣬ʴǵֹ󣬷ģһߣ濺ͫһۣҲɶչơ
ʱɶһսˣڽеӡһ̨ʱɣ˱˳ȥ
ʴǵ䵽ԣһۣΪβ֣Ȼ֪ɶĹϵ
̨ϵɶ˫üֻ÷ȥɶҲԥһƴײ顱һʱܾһ
Ϲ⻪֣ɶֵģһ¹İ׻Ůľֵģһ㵭⣬ȥ欣ʴǹ
ʴǹŮľԴڡŮʴʱϵĹ⻪δ˴˶ţ˴˹һںϵơ
΢΢һδɶ֣Ȼ֪ɶû뵽ʦȫ෴ķ򣬵Ȼȫų⣬Ϊξ
ʱȣȥϸô࣬ѹãְͣɣ˲Ķ֣ҲҲ
죡
ɶһɺ⣬һɺ⣬ΪЩʧҲΪʱ飬ǡһεƭ
εˣȴȻŮľ꣬ѱֹˮǴ˿̣Ȼкޣص㻹á
ɶ
˫üһһ˿֮ɫ˵㵱ôһϣǺ㣬㲻׵ġ
ɶţ䣬˵ʲôʴǵȻ˹һʴǹŮľͬʱһɼǿøɽҡͬʴǵҲ˻ȥ
ɶǰʦ㣬ҲףΪ˵õŮʴĻǽ͸ô
Ŵԣ̲סһ֮ɫŨҡͷģɶĲģҪõŮʴûҲǵˣиһԭΪãŮľѾ˾ͷټȥһһյˣĹȻᷴ
˵棡
ɶ˵ʲôһӡһȥһСֻе˶ڰУһһâһһʱѷָ¡
һվΣãһȡǲԸӱЩʵʵʴǹҲġ
㡭
˵˻֮ɶʱϼһɽһȥ
ܿĽ⣬˵ã㲻ظһ֮ǿŮʴǹֱޱȵĻƣаħΥʵˣʴǹ壬ǳ
㡭
Ҫ˵ɶеĽƼ磬꣬滨Ʈ䡣
Ȼ䣬ԺսöڵĻ棬ʱö˶С޼䣬ԡ¶һŻ꣬ḧԷӣӲܻʲô
ʱϾö٣˿ɶ뵽ղ˵ĻҪ£һһףеĽ̵øˡ
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0767 
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0768 
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0769 
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ɶʱɫɷףȻǵͨ죬˾ˣοһԶЩʯߣ޲ϧ֮飬ˣΣǴ
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0770 
һޱȣ濺ͫҪǰֹȴһϢ˳ȥ
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һ˵ֻߣܹҵǡħͺˣѾǴҵĻȥ̽̽·

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һ̣еȫ䱸ǲ֪һβͬڵʱû˸죬졣
歷˺¹Ҳ棬ɫʮأȥһ̫ʼʼֻڰӣ಻ǰ̽ʵǴ˿̣ѾĿŵȵزȻԷضиֵˡ


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ʱ歷˺¹Ҳ߹ˣ歷ˣȻһˣ΢΢ʩһ񣺡歷ˡ
歷ɫ䣬ǰȥ̫ʼŵˣǽ죬Ϊ¡
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һԶƲȻ־ҷӿͬʱһɫȽһϢΪǿ󣬸Ϣ
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δ롭㻹ô
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δ˫ü΢հһĻ̫ʼź½ңξֻôЩˣǺΪϺڣֻ̽̽ģ֮ˣں档
歷üͷҲԽԽãſδ룬֮
δ̧ͷȻһЦʱƽЦ歷һ¿ʲôֺǴʱһҪԼ뿪ȴһ
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歷˲ҡͷһ˵ʲôҲУҾһǽҪʲôˣҪߣҲҪһ𡣡

δҡͷһЦվߵߣŴ޾ҹɫЦ㿴죬֮һһݣһһġҪػһУûˣַĵط
δ롭
歷˸ɫһ䣬ȻĻˣҪݳģҡҪս
˿̣δԵʮƽ歷˵正ȥһѽҪĽգնС
δ룬㡭
歷ɫ΢΢Щ԰ףһ̣ѾףܹȰ˵öδˡ


0775 ѩʱ
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գ歷˻ǵ˵ͷȻҲҪڵΪԶԶδ룬Ϊڻδϵǹܼ
ͬʱδ뻹ź̶ۣ֮뿪ʱ򣬽̶֮ϣû뵽壬һҲų⺮̶֮ۡ

ڶ죬ԭƽһյ죬ʱƺȻַӿһǿʶ޼ɵشӰ֮̽͸֮ǰµĽơ
һ̣еӾеһϣһһ·޼ɵؿţѹ֡
ֿ棬ֻǰƺӿֹ̱ոҪңһϢҲѾԽԽԽԽǸеϢѹ֡
ڣһϢȫˣƺҲֱӿɢȥֻӿƲȻһɫ⼲۶ýȴǻһɫ۵ߡ
ز¶Կʵȧɽ˫ü棬ֻһۣ˸ܵһĵ֮⡣
һȺһǵףûˣ
˽֮ʱȻһֻȻֳȣȺ˳ĿߣһϣֻСèС
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˽˫ƾٸ֮ˣҲұնһȻһ㣬һʼ·磬ʱҪƾؾ棬ûпܡ

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вһУȻ˱Ԫ񣬺οԷ֮ҲǳͻУԤϣ̫ϲŲòСӦԡ
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ӱһˣ־ŭ˫ʩ׵ĹƣʱΧƲ㷭ӿֹһɿֲʹԶԶˣеϢѣԿر
Ȼδȴδ˺һ̽ޣܿɱеͬʱнĽӰѩ裬̼ѽǰҵ·ס
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ܿ죬˫˫ŽԱһ㺮ǣʹжԽԽԽԽѣԶ̫ʼЩˣҲһɳ֮£ȫһмжʮѣӣҲѾˡ
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Ѫڶδ󵹷˳ȥԶ˽Ŀ࣬ĵӸǸ䣬ûеֵĴڣΪδʱ˴
δ롭
歷ɫұ䣬һ˲˹ȥδסȴδһ̧ȥǲѪʱǻƻ٣ϦƬƺӳ˽ɫһͷȾѪİ׷Ϧ£ȥһįȻ
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ոһǼΪϧϾٿ죬Ҳӣոһ̳̳ô˿̣ȻҲضԪش
磬شƬƺȻüȻΧûһ˵˶ڸղǳս֮С
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ش죬Ʊػ뼫Ȼ֮Уôʱ죬ʱ
˽֮ʣէȻ⴫һƮ֮ѣ˲֮
һƮ֮ͻȻ˽һȻѭȥȴֲκӰȻǴǧ֮⴫ǧ֮⣬㶴Ϥ˼һУͬСɣ
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һɲǣϵɱʮǳ֮Ҫ䣬Ȼ£ѳδϮȥ֪Էһˣбκμɵһ˿أ


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ʱԶȻһһӰٺĳ˸ϻˣڻ֮ǰһֱ촫ѶѶ裬˱֪ضǳ飬Բظ˻ǡɿһĻ
ܴʱδݳģ˸붼룬֪
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׭ɳȥһɲǣؼһɰԷ׭жֻ׭ӭ⣬һ³ӳȥ
һ¸ܵ׭Ŀ£ĳ־Ȼֻ׭󣬲ɵһƳķ׭
ϸ룬׭Ѿ¡һ죬ײʱһøѪӿֹ
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ڴ겻׹ĵ죬һ飬ʱɳ죬ӵһȴδͣ£Ʋɵسδ˴ȥ
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磬شʱ˿̣ӸֶӶţȴһƬ˶ȻеؿſӣеģؿŻδ롣
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δĳӣȻĳ壬ȴԽԽ䣬ԽԽ䣬һɴδйı䣬ǳĽһľͷûһ˿ĺ䡣

ĳ˿˿̵ڻδ˫ȴ¶΢ЦˣҺ˭ˡ
Ҫ˵Ҫ˵ĳ㲻ġһܾ㡭
һ˲䣬δֻ۾һ¾ˮĳȻ΢Цȥ۽ǵˮЦԭ֪ôֻǣѾˣˡ

δ벻ҡͷȥᣬܿ־ۼĳһЦҪѹ˵ףҺ٣ֻǶȡĽ֮ľƳɵĿܣҵʹ鹫ڡˡ


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ĳȥδϵۣȡöǧõġ
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ԭˡǺǣˣȹЩʱգһֻòã
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ЩʱգĹϣСδʱһ̨ϣ̣ӳϵۣ䳤ĽëϣŵļžӨ͸顣
СһֻңɡҲ֮ǰˣأء
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㿴㣬޻ˣ˵ǰ޹ԣ

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δ˽һѪѪĵ۽ӻĽ֮Ϊ⣬֮壬һˣӽЩ֮ͬˣܿһЩСһҲرˡ
СʱǹģΨЩֱһΣĽǧһĴ󺵣飬ҰһɳĴׯҵһԸõãȡöһϢȥѰĽ֮ľƳֻܣĳˡ
ĳٵ飬δŽˣһһĳĳ٣Ҳһ𳤴󣬵֪ĳֻǶƵĿܣĳҲ֪Լֻһֻܡ

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˵֮ʱǵӰҲˣ̼仯ӰȻ½ҵˣʱһԣ΢΢˹֣ϡ

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˿̣Ҳˣ𽥱ý½뿴ĿӣȻҲһ¸ܵ˶ԷֻһԪһԪǿ˾˭
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0780 
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ħڣ׹ǳʱۼˣˣ޷ǿƳ󣬺֮Ƴ˴ΪðսУйǺ˸Ӧ
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ʱ½Һ̫ʼŵ˹һ֮ڻǷˣ½ӶһۣͬʱԾȥ˴
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½Щ΢һۣ˵Ǿ͵׹󲻹֮ʱһ⴫Ѷ
˲ٶԣʱ棬ɿӺ֧󣬴ԼԸҲȷ½ԣգɢȥ
δ롭
歷һԾ˻δԣ۵Ҳ̲סһʹȥصδ룬Ǵֻ֧ա
䴵δߵķ˿һ۾ģ̧ͷӺ½ǵòȻˣﾡǺ⡣
歷Ҳ濴ȥȻ̫ʼź½ѾһϣʹǵѶʶ޷⴫ݣһҲ޷ټЩδĸˣ޷ʮЩ˴Ѷ
ʣµգһȫĳǳأ֪ʲôҲԮԺ̫ʼź½Ҳһεжκ֪췢ʲô
ʱ䣬һһȥÿһ죬˶ڵϻÿһ죬ϣһֱ֣ʱȻûκ˻еֻ̫ʼź½ԽԽصɱһƽɱ
һӽʱǴԽԽʼʧˣһս歷ɫһ˽䱸ƴһ
˿ھʮһϣֻĵӰʶԶ쿴ߡ
Ϊ̫ߣҪǡ
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ʦ㣬ô찡ǳʦֲڣҪ졭
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0781 ˵
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ʱһµߵˮԣӳüĿǿʣЦݺ㣬崺磬òĹ˼ȴ

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ˮһ£δӦǲԶʲô˼˼ȴ磬ôҲ

˼ȴҡҡͷǸ¶ӣ˺µ֮ǵһȾƵǸˣδֻħƽţˮµĵӣ˳ƺĻֻȴۣһЩҪ鷳
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ϸϸ˰׷£ʣȴջƻ£ССĿջƹļ̳Ǿơ
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Щڼȴ˴ʦֱǿڿ˵ħʦֵ꾿ʲôʮ飬˵һǱݡ
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մҴһ𣬱Ҳδʦ֣һһѾԼ˰ɡ
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ˮŻعʦ֪˿ŵģǴ͵ɽȥɽʦֵ飬æҡֵûûУ룬̫ʼЩ˺ûϴαʦִˣαʦֲڡ
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˵꣬ǧѺȻ˸ƣֻǱߣİ׹ǣɢȥˣһɲǣսŵ˼ޡ
ûǴ̫ʼź½ҵĸ֣һȫȥ磬赲һɲǣħǱߺȻһ֮ʱһ𣬽ֻħǱߣȻһͷԷ˳
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˿ֲ̫ʼź½ҵŵĵѣæȥǻߣǰһ
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ħڣ
ˮ·һже棬һ˫ˮĴۣŹ˼ȴħڣʲôطѵǶ𡭡

˼ȴҡҡͷԣǶϸ˵ԪŵزǶ磬ֻǶһƬĶ磬һʮصĵطȴڼǰˣ񶫺ǱߵĶ½ϸ˵ҲֻǶҴһط㲻磬ħڣʵǶһż
˵˴̧ͷǱߵ֮ӰһǸп벻񣬻ܼǰĺˮԣһ壬Ӧ˰ɡ

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˵֮ˣħ֮ˣմȾħϢҲΪԪشᱻʴԪҪȻħڣôˣҲᱻųˡ
˿ֻ̣Ǳߣв̫ʼź½ҵ˱ԸղһɢħϢȾһƬϡ
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ݣ
ڴʱʮĵӰ棬ȴǶʮĸµŮӣҹӰʮˣʹǣҲԵֵסӺ½ˣԼǺ̫ʼź½ҵĸ֡
һ±ýֻӺ½һһƽϵɱԽԽˣ޵֮ˣصһɱ
һɲǣȻ䣬֪һɺ⣬ڳ˶˸ûпκˣһ̣̫ʼź½ҵˣȴͬʱͣӺ½ˣһҲǸӦʲôסΡ
£֪ĺ⣬֪ﶸɱһˣȫס˺


0782 һɱһ
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ʱ棬δȻҲܵˣɺ⣬д
ģ̫ʼź½ҵ˶ʼЩӺ½һۣҪƽȻֻԶһ£ϵĺ⣬˼֡
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һ˽һعʱǲԶ֪ʱѾһӰ䵭ûһ˿
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ʱֻĿ䵭˫ָһ˿̫ʼź½ҵˣ޶ãӺ½ڣߵ֮ʱҲûпһۣӶ˵м䴩ȥ
һͷ׷˵ȻϢӺ½΢΢һһ̣кȻЩ׼ˣ˵ΪںεȾ磿ĪǾ֮ϡ
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ǧһԱıӰֻǾԺֻˣʮǰǸ꣬ԭʱһΣȥôô
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֪˭һ䣬Щ˷׷׳ȥĿ䣬һһɿ𣬵ʱЩ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ֻһΣ棬һ죬סһ˺һ󣬵ʱ˺ָһһüģͷ­˲ѪĽ

ԶϣˮһĻһԱǧһ½ס۾Ҫ
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Ӻ½Ҳû뵽Ϊ˺εȾ磿㷴Ӧ˹һǰһسȥ
ӳǰߣһ̧ĶʱһΧһУ·ҲŤһ㣬һɿֱֲ֮
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Ȼʱȴ޶ã˫ָ䵭ֱӳ֮ʱżһΣ˲ʧԭأٳʱǰ
һɲǣ·ʱ侲ֹһ㣬ֿ磬Ī⣬ָһ°ϣһ֨һƴӲˣͷ¶˳ѪһƬǿֲ

֮ʹ߱ȫӷһҽУһ˲䣬Ӧѱһƴؿڡ
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˽һƣӼ飬һѪ浹˳ȥ


0783 ص
һУֻڵʯһɲǣӱһƴɳȥ½뻹δӦȻȥǼΪһƣȻʱԷˣȴȻһʧˡ
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뵽˴ȻֻеһɺӱϮԺﲻֻ˵꣬껹ƽʱǸСС꣬񡭡ʵԽϵһ顣
Զϣǧʼվֹˮû¶˿֮ɫһԵȴ򲻸Ÿղ̫ʼź½ˣԷһϺڵ߿ɱȣǾһһʽмܲס
ϣУ˾ţһؿǰһУȻֻӺ½һ˫˫ֻǰ֮ҲҴ⣬С
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ˣʱһһɰкӺ½֮࣬Ѹ֮Ʋ赲ͬʱתԪޣ¡һŽǹɾֵ֮
Զ˽ϢԹۣһսŵ˼ޣֻ裬׷ϵϢֵֵӵĹֵֵ½Ĺƾһֵ֮סֵͬʱ
Ǹһҫ۶ĿĹâΧʱƲ㷭ӿֹʹԶԶˣʱҲܸܵõмǹɶŵֲ֮Ѱ֮˿ֻԲҪ˵
˿̣˶ס˺ֻӺ½룬ϽȻ˾ѽޣǿд߶ֻ»оٻٵΣա
ʱȴչһչôԷƱˮк˲Ὣû
ﻢ£ٿʼԵ÷Ƶһ˵ֿ˵ĹҲ·˿еؿ˵ôλһǧĵУֻô
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ţȻҲóȥϴǴ˿˭ǰ̫ǿûܹ
Ƭ֮˸ԽԽǿˣӺ½Ľ𽥱죬ƻһ㣬£صСӣ㵱Ҫʯ١
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ô£
½ɫ䣬δӦĹһ̾ԴԴӿȥ
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Ȼһ˵꣬оĹתӺ½˵ĹԴԴΪá
ˡ
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һһɲǣƽϢתˮⷽԲʮ﷭ӿֹƲ㣬һҲϢ£ƽϢ
Զ̫ʼź½Щ˸¶˾֮ɫ˼ؿ˶ĴħͷȻƺһ£ǴԪ򣬵һųġ
ٿӺ½ˣѪӿؿԪҲܵش񵭵ƺΪһ˶
˴ֻ΢΢һ̧ʱֳһӰֻһԪȫɫԪ֮࣬Ϸʹ֮ȴǵķ

һѪأԲû뵽Ԫ񣬾һֱ˽ߣ⾿ģ
ʦʦȣҡ
ʮԪ֮࣬ŽãܣԪյʹ࣬Զտɱȡ
һĻ˵̫ʼź½Щ˿ľĵӣеϮ
ʦ
ʹ֮ɫȻʦʱҲˣ̼׹˾Ԩ˻ƣȥ룬游
游
һͣô֪и游λǰ˵ֻһŹѵǡˣ
ȵȣʦ㣡
䣬˲ԼƣһٽתβſϷ

񵭵̧ͷԶƼʿȥλǰȻѾˣβһ


0784 
λǰȻѾˣβһ
Ŵһڳ˽һѵԶδ𣿸˷׷ӷλȥֻƬԭƺʼӿӹȻ˲Ʋ
ģƲ͸һϢҲԽԽǿ棬˶䱸̫ʼǱߣţ½ˣ˸ոشʱܵƲԼԼϢǽҲҴһ¡
ڣƲɢˣʱ¶һӰһӰ·ƶϵ׾ãȴִһɼǿϢϢ֮£̫ʼź½ҵˣĵӣһ̶סˣǿϢ
ӴӦǸãڸղţѾˣҲȵڲ
˫üԷһɲǣܵˣΪԶӺ½֮ϡ
ʱӺ½ҲڷӦ˹ŻųԶİӰΰȥǰ

ֵһ˲䣬ԺһֵĻ棬ͣǴڶ½ȥħڣǸħʮָħһĻĻ
һĺˣ֮ϣʬħ֮ڣʬħħ֮
ʬħ
ΪΡ˴
֮ϣܵһɲһϢ
㷽˵һ塭ʲô
ԭҡ¼ҡռҡűĪҡĽݡΪϹңꡭ˵
ңһܹؽƣܹٵأܹɽλɳ̫ŵһԻʮ
磬ħ֮أн޳Ψʮ󣬷ܽһѺۡǵ꣬ʧҵҵģҵת֮ˣɡ
һ̣·ħڶһֲ̻عǰˣǱһϵˣʮָħʧϹң
ȻϹ伣ض֮٣ȴδʧ½Һ̫ʼţǱһˡ
ɫһʱſüһɫƣƵ״ȴЩϤˣǹŹֵʯ̣
ȥɱžʱɳĮµϹżⷢλϹʱڵǿߣλǿߵ֮ʱǸʯ̡
ʯ棬ֵķţһʱһϵ˿ǸǱһˣţӦǴˡ

Ȼ䣬ͷоһʹδһ¸Ӧ˲ɵԣü
ֻ̧֣Ƥ֮£һƺ֣δʱ˫üһ壺ʬħ
һ̽һȥˣʵһֱ֪Ǻħڣʮָħʱ֪ģԭԼճõʱھͱһʬħ
ʦڹŴԼʱ򣬾ѾˣȴȻԼԼʬħˣһ֪Լʬħ䣬ûκܹԼš
ֻʬħܵѱ⣬ȴȻһ֣ݷڣƽﲻ֣ʮΪݷʬħҲˡ
ʱ̧ͷɫѻָ糣ԶһӰص죬һλϹ֮һϵĺˣȤ
Ŵԣ治˾һʲôϹңʲôϣǵУ˸Ҳδ˵
ʱԶϣߺˮȻȻҲδ˵ʲôϹңǧʼղ䣬Ȼ֪ϹҵĴš
壬˵Ѳô䣬ɽգȻһڵĸ֡
˼ȴ˼˵ţԱˮһڣǣʦ֡
ؽţһѡǧԶǵӰ䵭ص
ŶŶˮ˸ؿڣ·һ
ʱǱߣԪŬ̧ͷԶǵӰץסһ˻ߵغ˳үүҡ
һ£˸һ̫ʼź½ҵҲû뵽ˣô˵
ӾڸղžѾʲôʱǲ˾֮ɫûǱһϵˣû뵽ǰλ꣬λǰ
ʱҲѾ뵽ˣĿģֻ򱱹һ̫Ӵ󣬷֧˶ԼʵвʣȻ뽫̫ʼţԼĸţȫУΪԼһá
˿Զƶ˵İӰǱһһλϣб磬ҲʲôӦΪ
뺦¡
ʱׯأȥ΢΢һ˿ɫ˵СѣɷԪ񡣡
Ҳѡ
ʹ˿ԵģһڵǿߣҲ治ɫɫȻصֻǰҪشңˣĿʲô


0785 
ŴԣвɵɱһԭΪ˿ˣԷҲһˣϾ̫ʼź½ҽҲ˲أõֵҲˣȴû뵽˾ȻǴʱĻǱԷܣһȥˡ
룬˿̱ȴȻ¶ֻϷ򱱹磬ֻΪ»ʲô𣿡
Ŷ
񵭵ȻһһɫĻȥǺɫĻʱԪƣ䲻Ϸʹ˻

ɫ΢΢һ䣬ӹȥĿ⺮˪ʲôס֣
һĻҲһҲΪһֳˣȻɵȴû뵽ȻŶԷ棬ȥնԷĻǡ
ʱ˿̣ȻԶİӰصǰûҾһ飬˵Ŀģʲô
㡭
һͣеɱԽԽأ˵ϷֻΪ̫ʼź½ҵֶԹϷ򲻹ܣֻҪ㽫ǹ黹ԹӴ˱һʹ

˵꣬ٴηһʹ˻ȴָȥһĻһΣȸղһҪ
ɫȻһ䣬ɱ¶СӣԪϷضΪƽأһ˵꣬һɿֲϢʱеӲҶ
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ڣҪҶԷ֮ģԷ֮꣬ңոսƾһϢѾˣⱱ磬δ붴ڣҲǰֻ̤붴ڵˡ
ˣıȻңĲңûһ˿ʤ㣬Ҷ˿ģֻһǱ𣬱֮ңϾֻǷҪģʲô¡
˼ˣһ¼Ļһʱ֮䣬˻ʹֱ࣬ԶЩ̫ʼź½ҵͷƤ顣
ס֣
˫ѣ϶Ȼһ˿˿ѪɫϢЩѪɫϢһʵɱ
һֻ̤붴ڵˣȻ¶ɱ˵ģѾˡ
Ȼصʮǰʱǲֹһε׷ɱңЩ꣬Ҳֹһε죬ÿһ˶ˣ˶ãʲôʱߵģΪʲô֪𣿡
ص㵽
ֻ֪Ŀģʲô˵Ҿͷָ䣬ɽҷ𡭡Ҳһ±ü亮ˣ˵˵ѡ
á
ص˵ͷһ٣ٶԣ˵۹½ڣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ǰǴؾˡ
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ţ
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˵ֻص㣬ǵĿģʲô
֪̫ʼ׷ɱԭ򣬾ǽֻһѵ۹½۹½ԭֵһᣬȻѾʧϹҲˣô飬͸Ӳˡ
Լ֪Ǵȥ飬ʹ˶ϣΪճõʱھͱʬħĺͨ
ΪߣһֱЩȥħΪαһϵˣҪ׷ɱһеһУ֣Ȼĳйء
ڣòʼɣܵѾʧϹйأס˭
˵ǲ˵
һɲǣøӺˣеĻҲԽԽأϾɫ˿̣Բ˵һ˵ˣ
˵
Ԫһۣǰ̫ʼź½ҵ˽һҲһ˲˹ɱһȻһӰ߷˹
ʱ䣬ƾ䣬һɿֲϢ糱ˮ㷭ӿֱ޷
䣬һ˲䣬ѽδȥͬʱһӣ߰˵Ļ̳ȥ˲佫û

Ŀѣһͻһɣһ̲ȥܷ
ѻһ̽ĻǾȥȻվһĻɢر˵ǸֻҲ룬ֻʣһƲĻԪ

ӵʶԪҲסʱʹ֣˫һ±Ѫ죬ϸɱСӣϷգҪǳ룬ʬΣ


0786 ս
ɱȻң޵֮ˣЩΪʵ֮ʧ˵ġ˿һңµһ棬ڵ¶˳
գȫȥɣ
˫Ѫ죬Ȼһ̧ԭʣȻ֣ǲ֮Уէ죬˷ƾۼܿѽУȥ쳣£ǰ֮һ㡣
󣡡
歷һ£˿ʧȥһϹŽƣǾֻ沼·󣬷״̼ҷ
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˿ײϣ绮ƳգӳյøӿˣۼЩ֧ԥһ۹½˲Уһɰ罣ʱ͸
֮âһѪ۹֮ȴֹ¼š
Զϣ˼ȴ˫Ŀ΢ǾǴ˵̫֮һĵ۹¡ŵ۹½ֻǽɷ̫أʶ۹֮գ룬¶һˣ㿴ǽϵһѪۣഫһ۹֮Դ˽أѪµһѪۡ

ôһ˵Աˮȴһ૵ô˵˽а죬ʦֵ˴˽ǻǸˣ
˼ȴʧ֪Ǹ޾ԣ˵˽ϦദοԪͨʱһãȻᱻ˽Ӱǣأɱ¾޳ҿֵܴʱ֪ˣ˵δ۹ʴǡ
ˮ֮˿ǧվԱߣʼҲ·ûзĺ棬˿δֻǴ˿еˮȴ֪ΪΣԸոյ۹³ֵʱˮһֱ𶯲ݣҪʶһ㡣
ϸˮ𶯣ˮ˿ᷴӦ˾ңѵʦܵĵ۹½
뵽˴ɫһףʵһֱ£гһգʦǧʦãջ
ʱԺֻŵһĻĻǸʱ򣬴һôģǧʦˮϿ˶˵֣еϲôڽĥ֣
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һ죬ٴζϣȻ˿е۹֣Ҳһָ飬۹½ЩֶŲǲȥ
δһǰְϣվȣ˶һۣ˴ü֪ΪߣԶӺ½˿ɱȣʩУֻԶԸ
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ʱкȻһ˿䣬ʩԽָһָݡ㳯
ģ
δһ˲ɻɡɡϹâʢ˲˹ȥɡķǶǰһλǰľѪƣɵǧĹȻʱǼָУɡϹâһȥ룬δҲǾһɫɺס


0787 ʬħ
δ롣
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һȻ䣬ֻһ䣬һѹԪ̼䣬ֻе﷭ڲֹ
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Сӣ㽵ǲϷһɱˡ
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Ԫˣ˼ޣ׷ﲻֹһ˲䣬ѾΨнٴתоɽﵽޣֻܶԸˡ
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ʱ˿̣ԥδ뿴ʲôڲݷʬħɣҶѾŲ˶ˣ˲ƺĴ󶯹ֻµٲ
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Զϣ˼ȴزˣϺȻһƹϢԱҲһԺһֻŻ䣬طҹһԣ·Ҳˡ

ȻҲһ¸ܵȻǿĹͬʱҲܵħħϢвɻ󣬴һħַħϢѵڴӵ飬вȫȻ֪
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ԶδɫȻһ±ʮֲ԰ףֻ֪Ϊʲôⲻʬħѵ
ʬħ£Ӻ溶ֻ֪֪Ҳһ֣ⷢ׷֮£ŵ£˿̿ڵʬħݷʮ꣬ȻˣһʬħΣ롭
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ϹоĹҲһǿô࣬ԣԣħħϢʲôѵڴӵ飬Ļܣﲢδȫ
ľѣʱҲһСӵΪλȻǿô࣬ԣϢѵǡ
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˫üһ壬Ѹֻ̧֣֮£ȻһƳ˿ԥָһʩķһµϣһǿҲʱѹȥ
⡣

ȻһƺߣԭϵĺһʧˣǹҲһɢһƴȥ
羪δһһ㣬ӦҲ˲ô࣬˲ȫһƳȥ
ϣ
˽ȻһδϸǺȻɫ䣬һ֮ʣ֮Уһ̹֮⣬˲Ϣѳ繥
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һ˲䣬ܵԶɱҲ˲ǰȫһ³Ǳ̹˴ȥ顱һײʱɢơ
ЩϾ긦һֱոһԣ⸽ûˣǵǴ֮


0788 
Զ̫ʼź½ҵˣʱͬȻոһٿȻı̹⣬Ǻ˴
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ʱӺ½붼϶ˣǹ˲ô࣬ոǿֲڻ׹جΣľѡ
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ջû뵽ԸһΪ͵ˣȻƵá䡱
˵һΪ͵ˣΪƽҪߵˣҲδܹƵ䡣
һ˲䣬ƴֻΧȻһӡһɹֲֿϢɲǼ˳ȥʹ̫ʼź½ҵˣеһϡ
Ӻ½һһֱ֪һżϵȴ׶ãÿÿһΣȻ˼ԼԪԪʱǰãĪǱʵ벻һܱƵ
Сӣҿ㻹Σ
һֻ̣˫ֲסӡü£ͫĹâ·һ˲ͱ˸ˣϸǷһӡ
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ʮĵӰ˲ϢʱҲһɿֲɿֹΧʮ죬һɲǱΪ顣
쪣죬˿̶ɿֲˣΧ˿üΡ
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ԶϣˮһֱѾǱߵΣֻ̳֣ǲ
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أòŵһŹϵʮҺ˹δܷ֪Сֿܷǵֿסѱ
˲֪ãĺɢһĻȴ˺һϡ
Ǹ죬ڸոǹɿֲȫ촷ۣҹӰʮˣҲ飬ϵɴѷ飬ǾѪȻ˲ᡣ
ٿһͷ׷вסϢе۹½Ϸâֵű䡣
ôᡭ
һѵҲ˲˴𣿲ܣԲܡ
ǿĻ꣬ϧֻô
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ۣ
ʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥʱڱıҲԪܵشһ㣬һƺߴɫһ±ò԰
⣬ԪλͬһѪӿҲ֧Ųס۹½һ±Ȼ޹⣬ˣ׹ȥ
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˲ƣһ˲ǰסʮˣص档
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ɿˣ˲ǵѪĿȻı磬˵ûǲܵģǿôܰȻ£
ֻʹѾˣҲƴԪϣԪشգ޷ټ졣


0789 
⣬ɫɷף˿ľ֮ɫû뵽֮ԪϣشԪһܹܹ⵨
Ȼ䣬׹ɺ̶һ㣬ֻеһ޾ĺ⣬ϴӱϮǵʱиǲɱ˴ӣҲ޷סǾֻܽӡˡ
ǰ
Ӻ½˻̻̲ط˹û뵽ǰλǰҲòСӣô죿
˺󣡡
䣬һ˲䣬ȻȻ߷ҲһҪƴӷӡԪѾˣһ֮ھѻָչڼСƲ롣
ӴʱǺ·Ѿˣ˲һĻĻ·𿴼ѪɺӣʬɽһĻԲܣ鷢
һɲǣȻ¶ģò´ӣôΣƴ߷ҲҪӽֱ꣬Ԫָ
Ȼ䣬˷ۣڳˣˣ̫ʼŻ½ҵˣһ˲䣬׹ĳֽƷ
ֻ˫ʩӡǰͷϵƺȻâʢһɹֲֿĽ֮ܡ
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˵Σԥһ£ʮ̽м䡣
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ֻǲƣϳֶȥҪ棬ڵӽȻ˿ȫȻң֪
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ˣʦֱˡ
Զ棬ˮһɫԱ߹˼ȴҲüĽƣĪ֮
ۼǽһؽҲΪʱı磬ϺȻƣȥһ²˼꣬ͷ࣬ϡϡ裬ȻʩչΪΪ

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ʱҹһ㣬Ҳʱʱƺˣ죬ǲ֣һƬҹ֮֡
ǶЩֱ̻̲Ƭ̺ŷӦ׷ԪΧֻƻӿһ㼫ĽƣûܹҲûܹƿ޷͸ƣѾ׷ˡ
ϡ
Ͼɫڣƽ֪£Ⱦ޴ʣѾ֪ˡ
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һ£ģΣһҪ͸أʹΪﵽĶڣһöԷȳɳʱɣ
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˵ʲôѾˣûɣҲûˣôһµ鷳֮ڣһ̤붴ڣһȶԷ
ʱʵ޷ԤϣƴֻöԷг޸Ũ


0790 
شѽʱӡʱϣԵ硣
ֳ֮ơҹ֮漫ΪĽ֮ʱӡǧ궼⣬ϧܷӡʮ꣬ʵڵģӡ޷ӡʮ֮á
߷ԪˣǺòˣô֮ڣҪԪָҪһ̤Ķڣһôӳһ¿ǡ
ǰڡô죿
棬Ӻ½СǱֵ죬˴ʱȻе𺳡

΢Ǻƽһ˵֮£˲˵ȥ
ǣǰģ֮£Ҷ˾˵κһ֡
ʹǰ磬ûͨΪһͨԪӤ߶磬ˣԵû̻̲аֲ֮ɫ

΢΢˵ͷĿȻűֵ죬ʵû뵽Ϊ˶Ըӣʧһ߷߷ʱ䣬òײģȴԪȫڴˡ
ѡۏ˻ˮˣλѡ񣿸οԷɱ˳ܲ

ԽԽ絶ǷĻǱĻ尾һĻһ۾ܿеĳ޸ء
ԶλСѣ˶ʱ˰ɣ
ȻԶһȥĿ⣬߷ԪˣΪľʶȻ֮ǰǧˣֻһֱûжĹȥˡ
Ӻ½ȴʼûвʱһԶˣ˾һǱ߷ȥȻֻԶĵϣȻĵӰ
ǧһƮƮʹٱ¶˿ɾֹˮǾϵıӣֻһ˷ģɺ쳾ȴɲȾһ˿֮
ˮһ߷ߣϧΪ̫ͣղֻʦֱ˵Ľ֮ӡҪʦڵĻЩ˻öԶԶģ
Ŀ΢ǧϣһ˿صɱ֪λγƺ
˿̣Ӵܵһ˿ɱ⣬֮²ţԶọ̈̄뵱ȥԾ󻼡
˼ˣɱȻһһǧնɱȥƬƺʱʹˣϾһϺڵĸ֣Щͨ߿ɱȣ
ۼһϮˮʱһʦ㣡
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ʱǧü֮ϣԼԼһɫӡ΢΢һ۶
һ˲䣬뵽ʲôϵɱʱȥǧüĴ۶ӡ΢΢ͷ۶Ȼû뵽ӣŶð
һ̣Ȼˣ˵ΪʧΪڣҲδܹɹɱڡ
һӡĸ֣Ӻ½Ҳ΢΢һǰŮӣѵȻǸǧѣ֮ǧڶ޳۶ˣֲãղʵֲ
ʮȻ񣬵ǧ֮Ҳ˲֪˲棬֮ˣǰһƺǧˣǳƺӡ
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ˮԶˣߵʦǲǾɱˣߣǴ򲻹ʦ֣ʹȹƣҲ˼Գ
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ȵȣ
һɲǣȻʲôոǵı̹⣬ѵԶ֮⣬ͽȴ죬ȵȡԡ
Ŀ΢ȻһֱδЩһУ֪䴫ţһʮ˴ӣȴǰСѾͷʮŴӣԣԡ
һ˲䣬ǺȻʲô˿֮ԽˮΪʮŴӣΪһʦͽ飬һֻһͽܣ˸Ī⣬´˿͸ȥ֮£ѵǡ
ʱ˿̣ѾȫɫĪǵͨȥδ֪ѵǰŮܣѶܸģд˵֮£Ͳ˥ٲô


0791 
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ˮԶʱֵֹӣɵüһӻˮոջԼ׼ûʲô⣬űһ
ˮûȥˡǧתȻ˵ŲŲŲ⣬ڵס˴ʱߡ

ˮüԶǱŵһۣһ뵽ʦֱˣͲˣȴֲΥǰʦ㣬СŶ֪ˡ
ǧѲٶԣһۣһżʧƲ
żʧķȻʧã½ӶʱŻع򱻽ŵ쿴һۣһԲԶȥˡ

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꣬춼ڰͺ֮£һУʧȥϵ
ڼڶ½Ҳһ˵󲻴˵СС飬ʮһλµɱˣˣ׷ɱͽ
ȥ½ΪѰҷɣ֮δ룬һȥʱ䣬ֻ򵱳˵׷ɱӽħڣħڣȹһʱ䣬ҪʮָħһӵĻħڣʮꡣ
ʱҲˣ澳еĥΪͻƣʮָħһӣ˻񣬷Ҳô컯
½ʱ˺ħڣˣЩ꣬ħڣһħ֮۲ɢħڣ޷½ǿ̫ƽΨʮǰһΣʱһ飬ʹһηй©ҲƽϢ

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ǵΪҲ˹˼ɣ뿪һ¶ʳѰʱּԷѡ̫顱Ҳˣɻ󣬵һ仰ȴʵ㿴ⱾؼûУ
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һ˵ţһһöɫĻ˳Ϊһһ룬ȴˣԪΪʦˣȻ㻹ΪʦʦǵõΪʦȵ㣬ǵЩΪʦı£ô˿̣㲻ض˵ʲôˣ⣬պͽԺǶ˵λá
ллʦ
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0792 
ʵʱΪĹҲһǵֻɹ֮ǰǵպ֮±֪ǵ⡰̫顱һϱ֪Եʱ˳ˮۣպλá
һʮ꣬ʮ䣬ؼӿΪͻͽΪҲѻڼ䣬ɱģҪպ֮£ԼǱ̫顱鳹ȥֻҪһϾҲûб֪ˡ
Խ룬ɱԽأθоȴصüǵΪҪȡ֮ʱȻװʲô֪һ㹦ˣΪգһ壬ֶĶˡ
ΪɱϾôһĽҲû֮ˣܶ飬ֻŰˣˣĪȥ졣
һٴνеңң֪˲࣬ʮɭΪмʯ̨ϣĿ䣬һȣ£
һҷȥͷС֪Ӻʦʦʢŭ
Ϊһָŭ㻹ƭΪʦ㵽׻ǷⱾ̫顯Ҳǣʵ
ӲøɫɷףҡͷӲ֪ʦǴӺδЩʮǰӴѵⱾؼȷʵһֻۣһۣͷĿѣֹʮܣ˺δһۡ
һ˵ţһѾ˳ʵʦǲţǱ˵һΪɣһ£ҲʦڣӵҲǵʦȣʦȫûȥҲԹԡ󣬱۾ᣬϻ䡣
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ˮӯʦҪӱʦҪӾҶ࿴һۡ

Ϊһ̾һˣȥɡ
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վתȥˣһһ»䣬ޣΪΪղ֮£ǺԼ˾ǰȴ˳
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ΪתȥıӰֱӰʧüҲ֪ΪΣʱʱجΣμѪϴǧһĻμÿһξѹĽȻȴֻ֣һζѡ
ʵ֮޷죬ⱲӶֻ֪ǵô£ɱôˣջȴҲֻа벿̫顷벿ʵڲ֪ǧҾ˺δ
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ֻа벿ҲҪ͸̫顭
һɲǣΪֱΣҲҪ͸ⱾϹʱڴ˼飬ֻа벿߻ħҲϧˣ
һȥʱ䣬ʱΪ̫СɣΪͻͽΪĵλҲࡣ
ΪͣʶƲΪƽƽգտЩ¶û뵽Ϊ֮졣
һ꣬Ҳҹĵڶ꣬ǲɲɢ֮˿ûм˵ļڼǧΣֻÿζôԶԶһۣȻְ뿪ˡ
ҹ̫֮Žܹ֮ƵˣˣҲ޲ߣο֮Σ
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Īǡ̫飬飿飬飿Ρ
Ϊã֪ͻȻ߻ħߵңоһ˸󵨵뷨ȻˣһԣԼ˫ޣǳ˱ͻһ谭ǰˣҲʲôӰ졭
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0793 
һɲǣΪϱøˣǼյĻӳ£ħƹһ¡
һȻңĵյյ͸һ˿޵ĹգŲŵʮֻܹĺ
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΢΢һ̧ͷδΪʱչ¶Цݣǰˣ·һһһͷûûСʦӶɽֻܹ֮꣬ʦ

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㷽ſ˵ҪΪʦĶ飿
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Ϊź룬һ˵ҪΪʦ˫ޣԪ֮Ϊʦһϰ
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һʣһⲻǷǴ֮𣿵ΪĿһΪʦĻβش𣿡
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Ҳ֪ΪΣһ˵ֻһᣬᣬ׵شϻȻһЦʦȻţɼס
һ˵ţһֻֻȥ⿪½󣬵Ϊüͷһ壺˰ˣΪʦˣֻ¹ش⣬Ҷ˽ԻΪΪʦСģȥɣʱ䣬ÿշԡʱٽʳȣʮԲ֮ҹ
ǣʦ
ʧǵתȥˣҲ֪Ϊλʧǣ֪Ϊأʱ䣬ҲյΪ˵ÿշԡΪ֪ĻᣬѾˡ
ʮ壬磬ÿÿԲ֮ҹؼ֮ʱ׼˵ΪͼһĺװͿ֬˫һȥҡ
Ϊ˼յƻʹҵƻͨƬ̣Լʱ֮ʱֻһϸϸĽŲδһɵ㣬˽
㣬Ϊɵþһ񣬴첽߽ʱ̲סһ
ΪΣ˵
ֻһװ覣ƿڤ;ı˰һޣʹвҲˣһһؿ
һһǣһ
޵ĵΪŮɫһ̣ҲЩˡ
ʦˡ
һЦ̬ǧ˳У԰ΣΪһ˾ˣΪδǰδֹ
ãá
ס죬һվ˫ְ磬²סϵͷãã벻㾹Ϊʦ
һЦ˵վֻԺʦܹǵõӵĺñǣֻҪʦԸ⣬ҹԡ
ⰵʾĻΪǹɳѾõĳ嶯֪ΪΣԽԽŨң籡ֻ޲ã̽ʻʯ̨ϡ


0794 
ȵȣʦ
ȻҪԼƣӯرܿˣһЦʦһʱм£һֱҪʦ
Ϊ侲ڻѲɻɵ˻ȥһЦʱǡ
ȻĵЦݣǰЩʱգȫ˸ˣЦʦɻǵãһӻʦ˵Ȿ̫顯ʦһλѣСǧ塯ʦġ
Ȼἰ£Ϊһü֪йŹ֣ʵͻȻ£
Цʦԭǡλ֮Сǧ塯һҹңһؼرãҵʱô£̫أһĻҲ˵ˡҲ֪ԭǧѣΪƪ̫о׷ɱۼ޶Ҳ֮֡𡣡
˵֮󣬵ΪüͷøˣʱЩ£ȫһʱϹ࣬û˵ЩԼǵˣǵ
ΪλͻȻΪʦЩ£
Ϊ𽥱Щˣ˽⣬ԷܻԵ޹ʵЩ飬ѵѾʲô
ȻЦݣ˵Щ֪꣬һ£һٶǰűֲ֪Ϊ֪ʦ֪֪ˡ
ΪѾʮֺˣѪϴǧֽ֮¼޻ʱǧҵĳңΪ鱩¶ǰʶһˣǧ壬ȥɱţٽǧɱˣ±£ؼ֮ʱ
Ϊµõˮ©Ϊ֪ʲôѵѾ֪ȫˡһɲǣȻһɱ
ʱ˿̣ϵЦҲڽȥˣ̶֮ģһĺ䣺ʦΪҪúǧȥɱţΪʦҪ֪ʱǧңǱ𡭡
Ǻǡ
ΪһЦɱ¶ǳˣʲô飬Ѿ֪ˣΪʦһֱС㡭
˵ʦǰе飬ˡ
ǺǺǡΪһЦΪʦǺܺ棬Щ飬֪ģ
꣬ǧңҲǸպңһһ˶δѣֻٹܼңƴ׵˳ٹܼһ书ߣһǧʱȻ׷
ٹܼ֪˶֣ϣȫ£ܹһ
»˹ȥʱǵΪ˵ˣʮ֮һķ
ʱף֪ǰɷǣһˣȻɱȫҵǸħ
ʱʲô֪ɵɵİѵΪ˾ˣʦѧһȥ𡭡
˿̻Щ£Ͻ¶һʹ֮ɫģʹ֮ɫֱޣؿŵΪɱٹܼңȴû뵽ٹܼҲ书ߣһһֻɫϹơɫϹƣĹ֮һ㱻ɫϹҧƶ壬ʹһٶ꣬඾δȫ
ΪЦ֪Ϲƶδ壬Ҳֹһ˹ƣͶ϶ǱɫϹˣ
Сʱ򣬵䣬ʱңһֱֻٹܼҳ谮ҵˣҲٹܼңɫϹڣҲңʱ̫ÿһ仰Ҷǵá
˴ͣͣٹܼ˵ҲΪΪߣҲˣٹܼұƣܴ˵ȷΪգĹƣȴҲġ
Ϊ˫΢Уź˵ȥ
ѨѨλΪ֮ӴΪ֮ڣѨΪԪ֮Ϊ֮ڣѨ֮ڣΪ֮ڡѨλǹƶݷ֮ǰÿÿԲ֮ҹҪȷסѨλΪ඾δ壬֮ѨסȻᱻƶġ

ΪЦֹ˵һ㶼ûԭΪ飬õˮ©ˣջû뵽֮󣬶һеģƫƫǵΨһˡ
һЦɫˣôˡ

䣬һɲǣϵɱҲ˼ɵر¶˳ΪЦƾΪɱҡ
Ҫ˫ޣȻǰסѨλɷסѨλĹֻʣˡ

ΪͷһЦȻվһɲǣ¶˵ɣɣҪɱ㣬Ҳ練ƣ


0795 ѩ
һ̣ҺȻֻΪȻһƳ˹ȻʱӰȴһʧˣһ˲䣬
ߣ
Ϊһߣã˲ֳȥȻٶٿ죬ܹһ˲һ˲䣬ֳһβʵ쵽˼¡
Ϊһؼ㵱ɱôˣʱգѵûһ˿𡭡
дֻƮƮУӰʵ˷ֱ治塣
ΣϷкΣ
Ϊһ䣬һ˲乥ȥȻһأһܿˡ
Ƭ֮󣬵Ϊ죬Ϊ˫ޣԷѨһ룬ٵóʱܽ⿪Ѩ֮ǰһĵؽɹ֮Уɡ
ٺ٣ͽ벻ΪˣʦȻһ㶼֪顭
ΪЦֹĿĹˣңȴûӰˣֻǰƮĺ֪ͲЩ֮УĻ̫ˣȫʢʱڣҲ
ǣƾһУɱ𣡡
Ϊ£һƳһƬĺȥɢȴǲӰӡ
ͽҪٶˣգȥΪʦѨ⿪ˣҪɱң
Ϊʶ̽ϸƬѰңȻһɱӺΪ˲䷴ӦһƴȻȴֻǴһƬ档
һɲǣʶʲôתǰֵӰһֻ£ǸŮһƮڿУǰֻ۾ص
ΪһҲ룬һƴȻϣԷӰֻһɢȥȻֻһӰ
ҪٶزˣƾӰΪʦ𣿻ǳգΪʦʮС
Ϊ۲Χڻ֮ʣȻһϮоõӰˣҪ֮ʣ϶Էٶ̫죬һƴ
顱һΪһ±˳ȥмʯ̨ײþһΣ滨׷ɡ
㡭
Ϊ¶ɫţոһƣ˿ֻʣɲĹҪɱһͨĻߣҲ׾٣δѵʵѻֻЩһֱʵԣǣ
ֻһƮƮ˪촽·ȾѪһ죬һͫҲЩ죬ǣ˿˫ʮָָף࣬Ѫ
̫飡
Ϊһһʱ׹ѣԷ̫飬ñԼö࣬һĻûȫʢʱڵΪܹеù
һֻ̣䣬һһʱѾȫˣһ˫۾顣
㡭
һ˫飬޵۾Ϊֻеһϣʯ̨¿ȥʯ̨£Ȼֻʯ̨һģʯ̨棬ʱϸСѪɫɽֱȥ
ѷɽͬСɣǵΪڴ˴Էһ˿˲ѳն˽ľ룬Ѱ֮˸Ӧȴϵһ㣬һƾָף㽫ѷɽˡ
һ£ΪǳԾѣҪ͵ϮȻУ˲ʧǰһ˲ٳʱ
Ϊʱеתȥȴδ壬͡һŸһ֮ʹָ˽ȥʱѪֹ

ΪһѪӿϲ˾֮ɫδΪ˿ֲ
飡
Ӧһƽɳȥ
ΪشվȣǰĺӰ˲͡ʮָףǴݽһ㣬˲ϢϻʮӣˣѪһ㣬ֲ
㣬㡭
ΪϾ״ǲϵѪʮָ̫ףԪһз
ʦˡ
һ䣬һޱ̫ת˼ޣ˷ɣңʱֻ˫ۣһ±Ѫ죬˻һѪӰ˲䳯Ϊ˹ȥ
ۣ
һѪΪûзӦű㱻ָ˽ȥһֻδѱ顣

һҽУΪѪӿֻͫ׽Ŵ󣬲Ѫ˿ŵؿ˫Ѫɫͫף㣬ܣᡭ
䣬ٴһһΣȴסԪӤҪԪӤ飬ɢ


0796 
ס֣
Ϊ˫۲Ѫ˿ĿѣѪӿƴҪ忪ášѨȻʱδλٳ忪
ס֡ס֣ס֡
һ̣Ϊ͸˿־֮ɫ״εΪʦΪʦ

ͷЦһɲǣѪ˫۸ӿˣ㣿Щ꣬ҵɱ˵ڵ꣬ɱҸĸţȻķ֣һ

ΪҽвֹڣȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһӵľʦ𣡡
ֻҵŲ֪δˣűվһӣһĻ˶ԭأ޷ǰѪȳ档
ȥȥ
Ϊƴȫ˳ӵʱӦҲ룬תȥһһѪâȥӱϣȴδܽɱӷһҽУʱʩչһ˳ȥ
Ϊ֮ɫ䡭˵㲻ɱңɱңҲɣӵӲ˵׷ɱ³Ҹǧ򱶡
δ˵꣬һҽзݺݵصأҷŹô㵱꣬зŹҵļˡ

Ϊһҽвصһ䣬ԪӤһ̫顷Ѫܵǻ˳
㡭㡭
Ϊ˫Բһ仰Ҳ˵Ŀ⺮䣬һͷѪʱʯ̨
ɱ˵Ϊ֪֮뾡뿪ûиղΪĵȥͨΪһǱ߱Ȼ֪
ɫʣȥ棬Ѿ˲ˣȻѾ¶û˹˼̫תޣɱһѪ·ֱͻΧȥΪ塣
Ȼ˲򵥣ƣܿ죬㱻ɳ׷ˣһץȥΣ̡ܵ
õĻݸߵ̰ͼɫ͵컻գ뾡һа취һĽԶΪ˵˫¯ա
õĻץȥʱ̴ܵãҪôԪԶǰյҪôħڣһŮӣҪȥΪħڣĻһãδ³Ұٱ
¡
꽻ӣɽ棬ҳȥӳˣ̶̰ʱ½˵£˵ˣܹӣ
켶򣬵ؼ򣬷ûκһط֮˵Ψһ֮ĵطǾħڣ
ʮǰòײħڣӳȥҲٲصǸµĵطˣһûһŮܽȥԼòȥҲһЩ³
οڣѾˣ»ûܵħڣѾ˵ĸ׽סˡ
ˣ
Ȼһڽű𣬽һͷһԭǻһ˵ϣϸϸһȴһССľżˡ
ŵɫиḩľżһ̿ľżˣ𽥱
õľżֻľżǱ棬ģǱˣȴ
ͨǵħڣΣգԻķżֻҪע뷨ԪΣʱ̱ܼʹãɵֵһ
뿪֮ʱһֻע˷Ԫķżʱδż㲻öòˣȴһֱֻССľżߣӳΪʱʲôҲûʹֻľż
˿̿ľżǳǳ·һĻһĻָǰһʼЮ˵׷ɱٵȥѰҕDȣȥɣ֮붫˵׷ɱȥħڣΧɱ
ĺ֪꣬ʱƮ˽ʪ͸ȫ䳹ǣȻľżʹɱ֣Ҳ̲סһһ䡣
ʵ֣ǧ䡣
һģ̌ͷ겻֪ʱѾͣˣ꣬ȴȻһһƮ䡣
Ҳ֪ǴӺʱʼģҲǴ̫ʱʼģʱѾȥʮˣӦѾ𽥵ˣ̫ԺԽʱƣյĵεΣԽǼǵÿһģÿһϸڣǵԽԽ
ܶʱÿÿҹ˯֮ǻμһЩΣֻصħڣ޾Ұز࡭ÿÿѹʪһƬȫ亹
ף̫飬ļأӦԽԽǣΪԽȴȫȻ෴ˣѵֻа벿Ե𡭡


0797 ѹʬħ
һǧվϵĽڣܹϰġ̫顱˶ԣ㲻ʲôЩǰ׷ɱˣָܽɱ˵λʱ򶼶ɲκв̫ǿ
ֻϧҲ֪Ҳ벻길׾̫Ҫ²˺δٹܼѾˣΪҲˣؼйصˣȫˣҲ벿ؼڡ
溮ѾͣˣǧСڣκһ˿紵ݶ뾡뿪һͣˣЩɱֺӥܹܿ׷Ϣҵ
ԥһȥˣҲ֪˶ãϵԽԽأ澳ԷɽɵˣΣʱԻס˶Էֻ±㲻ˡ
Ѿ澳ĸץ쾳֣ǺϺڵľǿߡ
ԽԽڣǧѾ֪ĸˣеطĽ紦Ѿ˷ˣһֵ˴ʵ֮⡣
ȫȻû뵽»ᾪλλ֮ϵǼλ
ֻΪһΪأȴϧһд۵׷ΨһĿܣ̫һ֪ˡ
һĳλ֪˵Ϊǧţ̫ؼһ£ڣѾĿϣҲΪⱾؼ
̫һ¼ɢø֪ôʱҪԵģ;ֻһˡ
˿̣ǧѾԽԽãҪӣӣֻ֪һһˣδӹһ٣ҲԹˣ鷢֮ǰ

⣬֣һƬڣȻҹ֮Уÿһ£¶ȾͻͣطѾ˺һһЩ¥Ѿסˡ
Ҳڲ˥ҹ֮ˣҲնˣȫȻǿһЩʯ֧ţݽߣ潫ȫסʱܹģֻѾˣЩδĵӣ޷档
ٵĵڶ꣬¶̫ͣһЩΪϵ͵ĵӣѾֻܱһ֮𣬵ȵƽյ졣
ħ£Ѿһڶڣʯɢ΢⣬ֻ˫ĿգתǵżȻĺ
ǻʱԻ֮˵ֻһƣʹ˻ɣֻ֮࣬ɾͲ֮
ʱûںһƺΪǴںϺʱһɺϢᴫԶʱΪ⾪һЩϹֹͣûټЩϹ֪һƺĻƱظ޾鷳
꣬Ϊ챻ţκϢҲ޷͸ȥʹܹ޹˼ɵƺ
ܵȻûȫƺںϣȴ֣һϵмϸ΢ı仯
·Ϊһƺĳ֣ʹ壬һСһʶҲȴǰ࣬ĸӦͷ·֡ＴңҼĸо

ʱȻֻۣϣȻֳһƺߣʬħˣÿһΣ˿Ҫɡ
üָһһӡȥʱǺѹȥ
ʱԺѹʬħʬħǼҪնʬδնɾʬ㻯Ļεؼ䣬վһγȾκĿֲʬħ
Ŀǰ˻ûз֣ʲôܹȫѹΨпĵΪȥѹʬħϾûľΪҲû۶׽ʬħѹ
ǰʱȴ֣ܹܺõѹʬħĿǰʬħȫʱʱҲ޷ѹˡ
ʱһСҲ֪֪꾿Ǻ˽ʬħڣĿ־ʲô
˿̣վһƿڵı㣬ҪȥˣڱߣֻһƬ˺ΨһЩʯ󷨣ɢ΢⣬ȫڰС
һɲǣһĺ⣬磬һ꣬Ϊͻƣƿµķӡˣ׼ô


0798 ʧ
½ɽޱ޾ǧããɽдҹʱЩɱֵ׷٣ֻǽҪȥδȴ㯣ϵƷٲҩҽΣֻ֮ݡ
ĺɫĺϣǧҲ֪˺δǰһϿȣϿԼˮԽǰߣԽ±ϣֻٻԼԼһӰ
Ұ֮ˣǧ̾Сؿӽǻʱٻ˱ǶһϮ£Ӱǿʡ
˭Ϊڴˣ
ǧ䱸Ѱ𼸵Ȼ䣬˱תò֮ʱǧ˶ԭأеҲɢˡ
ӡ
ܹţǰˣȻʲôʱֻˣΪֻԼ
ΪΣ˵֮ء
˹Ҳƴǰǰһɴδйᡣ
ӡ
ǧ˶סˣȻֻͷһΣصȥ첽ǰһ̤һ죬ס˵֮أҪ˵ˡ
˵ᣬǧȻЩģ˫ۣĵ¶ȣԼߣһ˿˿塣
ʱ˿̣ڶԷɶԷỬһҲܣ˿˵ĸоͷ·һĸ
ֻΪΡԣ
һɲǣǧȻ۾ģԼᣡ
㵽˭
ǧ䶸ȻһѸٴ˻룬һ˲䣬˵Ļʧˣһźѵӡ
ϧֻһ㣬Թˣ֮ûʧֹβġ
ЦЦ˵
ǧ䱸˵ĻҲһĻþˣʱԣʲôˣΪ
˰ˡ
һӣЦҾֱ˵ˣǱؼȻԹԵߣЩĥһˣȴҪһʮ˰̣ʵۡ
ǧҲ˵ʲô
Ŷ
ӵһЦ߽˼ѹǼλҪĶ˵ˣλ岻֣ǧΨһŮ㶼֪̫ģǻк֪Ǻǡ
һЦΪϧˣȻȥλãûʲôˣ㣬˿ӦףĻڣͰ˵ȥ
ǡ
ǧһЦȷʵһؼһҲ֪ģҪĻúˣԪһߣȻת̫ܵʱľҷɡ
Ȼ֮ǰ²һΪֳ˴Ķԭ̫飬ݻ͡
ʵ벻ף꾿εõؼģΪʲôõؼ֮֡
ܵΣ˿̣˭棬ӿɲ⣬ǰ˵ĻȥȻֻ·һҪôգ֮ٳˡ
ôǾƲԳԷˡ
ӺȻһ䣬δ䣬ЯɱǧһԾһƴУȴǴż
˱˴߹ʮУ⸽ǱûɢƮ㣬ǧƸһѪ˳ϵɱȴȻ
˫ĿһĵϹ湦Žôһ㣬Ѿˣǽֻ̫֮ʱλҲˡ
˼ˣֻãϺ֣˲Ϣֳǧ乥ȥ顱һ죬ǧһشУʱһѪȥ
ߡ
һЦ˲ѷһΣȴһ̧ǧͷ֪Ҫʩչʲô

ǧ䷢һУϽ¶ʹ֮ɫһȫƴѣ·ڱ̫һ㣬Ȼ䣬ֻ˫۱Ѫ죬̫ʧˣʹĹһ±
⡭
ӰȻԾֻеһѪӿ˳ǧ佫ָӲ
һֻ̣ǧ˫Ѫ죬˺Ȼʮֿ£ϺƣһƳӴȥʱ飬󵹷˳ȥ֪


0799 常

ǧ䷢һƺߣڵĹɢ˫ͫҲָȫûʶҲģһȥ
±ȴһǰЩ˱꣬ˮļϣһ׹ȥ㲻Ӱӡ
֪˶죬ǧʱѾڰϣϻЩʹգ̫ʧأ·ȫ٣Ҳʧ˳ɱ
ʵѾһʧˣЩ̫飬ܶʱǺȻ߻ħһԺ뵽űĳȻһ˲ԭԣȫɥʧֻɱ¾ǰֹܶ
ġ
˿̣ǧŬվԶȥֻӰأǰдׯѾ֮ǰããɽˡ
뵽֮ǰɽ˵׷ɱͷ·جһȻû׷뿪˴Ȼû߶Զȴеȫһ
֮ǰûܼʱҽΣѾٲҽΣػ˼
ңǸˣʮֵģкϺڵĸ׷һϺڵĸ׷ٵûаʤ㣬Ҳûаֻ롣
С
ģ̌԰׵ƿ˿ڵ״̬߲˶ԶκϵˣܹҽΣܹҽηģԼҲҽ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬ʲôȡһŵõֽţֻЩֽд֣ϲݡ֥ŻҶ衭
Щȫҩĵ֣һΣڕDˣдһЩҩĵָȥץЩҩ
ʱȫȻҽֻķԸȥץҩȻְַҩЩҩ䷽ʱҲû뵽Ȼó
䲻֪ЩҩûЧֻһˣĺɫĺϣȥǰ棬ǰȻһСׯдׯĻ˵⸽ڣг
ҹɫʱҵһСЩ£ֻѣ䷽ЩҩģЩҩһССҩ̣ܻЩҩģץҩҲȥЩǡ
һĻֻСȥҩץҩץҩ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
˰£ЩҩȻãѾָ߰˰ˣʱҲ飬Ҫȥؼˣ켶֪ܹȥ˭ϣΨһεˣֻ˵Ķġ常롣
ֻԶڵؼ̫ԶҪȥĻΪ˱ⱻ˵˷֣Ҫµʱ䡣

֮ʱ붬ǧ˵ؼ򣬶ڵؼ켶Ϥ࣬˵ȹˣ˭ҪϤ
ҹϢ˶ľӴֻͥԺżյҡҷδֽӳһӰ롣
ʮδعˣٴҲ˵һζʧ֮ʣֻ֨ѽһŴˣȴ˳һɫ侹Եʮƽ𣿡
塭常
ǧشӴ˳û뵽ѾȥȫϢջöˡ
濴˿ѹա
ǧ˹ȥУϣ˿̣ȴ֪ǰλ常ˡ
ˣǵΪһְŵģԻʮʱģȻ롰ȡ

˿̣뿴̾˵飬ҶѾ˵ˡ
ҡ
ǧֻе۾Щʪʪģҡ㣬㲻𡭡
ҡͷһЦкκù֣ȥ޿ȥ֮ȴѵУǽҵ常𡭡
һ˵ǧˮȻΣһЦתȥȡһǵؼͷĵͼ֮û˵ķ·;ң֮£Ϊȫ
塭常
ǧû뵽ԭѲµԼҲԼ׼һС
ȥɡ
뽫ͼύ˵һ·ȥȥߣֻҪƬһطˣ˹ܲȥСӣҵˣԺҲҪˣط
ǧĵͼᣬҲ̲ס·ߵ飬һһ䣺常常أܡ
ǡŮ
ʱȻһǧ仰δ˵꣬ʱһ͵̧ͷȻʱȴ·ϵһ㣬ɫ˿δ䣬һ죬ǰߣҷܵ
ǡ
ǧȥΪضʮָߣһ˶Ըô
ߣ
һܵˣǧܵһۣһҧȥˡ
֮һ𣬽ܵڳ׷ˣȥ֪飬١
ֻͥԺѾվʮӰΪ׵⣬Ǻʮɱ֣ΪҲ͡
Ȼ˿̣ȴӣˣԼλҹ֪ιʡ
ߵӵħڣûκεطܣҪˣʶ࣬ûǽССһˣһҹͻữΪС
ұߵߵ˼䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬гȥվſڣԪһ𣬶ʱȫâ֣ǡһ򵱹Īһɿֲӿȥһ½ͺЩɱ˻ȥ
վȺһȥֻһƷȥʱ㽫˻ȥ
룡㵱Ҫԣ
־ŭȴֻа˰УһҲвľŰ깦
ߣ
һߣɫǿ˵ˣĳһƣѽ𣬲Ļ
㣡
˸ʢŭͬʱһѺȥԣȴ࣬Ƭ֮󣬶˺Ȼһն˫Ԫһһ˵Ľ˰С
˫Ƭ̣Ͻ¶֮ɫʱȻһ͡һŴ˹ȥʱѪĽ

һѪӷӦһһŴ˽ȥʱһӰҲɽˣһ뷢׵ߣҲǷų֮ˡ
ʦ
ӳΪʦ￴˿ʵأȥ׷
΢΢һгȥһѪӿ˫һӲǽ˸סˣٴһһһƳͷȥ顱һȻȴǲ֡
ǰɱһ˲ϢһͷһµʱѪߵַҲ˼ޣ˲סĲӣֻ֨һһͫ׽ŴѪ˳ûϢͨһȥ
ͥԺļյһΣҲϨˡ
ʱܵ棬ǧкȻһͣ˽Ų常


0800 
¡¡
һ죬ܵǱߴһ𶯣Ȼڳƿܵڣܵʮ⣬һ׺ϣҲ򲻿ˣʹΪ֮ˣҪǿƿҲҪһЩʱ䡣
ԽԽңǧʱ˹絶һ㣬ȴòǰȥ˵ץס
ܵķѰʱ䣬ƣŲٴ󷨣ǧ佫ͼ򿪣ܵĲͼͨͼȷĴ˳ӳȥ
Լʱǳǧڴܵ˳Ұޱߣ˵ѲˣҲκһ򿪵ͼյͼϵָʾһ·ȥмƿ˵ķ
һαʱ䣬˴ѩϴй©¼һҹҲΪڲٵطѩǡ
ʱЩҳغ֮£͸ЩܿӰЩһ˲䱻ģҲδȥ
ʱĻ棬Ϊʧ⣬еطȫʧЧһؼĺ˲ϢϯңЩңȫ⣬ЩΪ֮ˣˣ˺֮С
ǰУҲӵһ㼫ĺ棬Ų֮˵ӰֻϧЩΪˣջûܳɹߡ
һѣ˭ģ˵óȻͼħڣȷʵ÷й©ձѾȫϢϯصĿº˵ǣǴ˵е֮һ̶йأ̶ʧ⣬ŵºϯء
֨֨֨
ѩУһɫӰ˳ƮƮòһɫô£ǧ䡣
ǰģû뵽ʮʱ䣬ﾹȻѾȱѩصӡ
˿̶˷ǰУǧ˽ϴŵѣʹһЩֵסؼĳǺ⡣
Ҫ취ȥߣն˵ֻҪԽƬޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣һطˣﲻܣҲǸط
ѩԽԽˣǧ䶥ŷѩǰУ˽ѣ˵˷ϢֻһȥҲ֪ʱܴƬѩء
ˣȡһϺõ̴ľóСһһ̣̳ģֻδЦ̳ľżҲġ
ҹʱǧһɽݱܷѩҲѾһ㺮𣬲֮ǰ׼ë̺ͱ죬ʱɽ棬Ҳǿ֮á
;£ڴԽ޾ıѩأ˵뿪ĺߡ
Ϻǧ취ҵһҴ󴬣ǺһۣԥԪһˣʹŴʻȥ
ֻ֪뿪ܶ˵׷ɱ˲ŹΪΪ̫ؼ
Ϧ£ӳŴ󴬽ʧĺƽ档

챻ӡĵ꣬ʱ봺ҹĺڰ֮С
˿̨̣ɽϣһ谵ʯֻǵΨһｨһʯ̨
ʯ̨ϣϥһӰһͷ׷˫ĿգԲϣ֮һķطˡ
Ȼ䣬һŲطʱһɲǣԼһâ߽ʱеâѾʧˡ
ִ̫أħһֱڴ˾ҲѾʮͷˡ
ʦ֡
ʱ߽ˣɽˣʮǰԪˣܻλ̫ϣʱڣҲȻѻնʢˡ
ЩħݹԪ򣬷ųɵ֮ףֻҪŻһգħվѿԪ֮λ
ʦܽգʲôţҪ֡ط˿߽˵
ʦֿɻǵáǸڣ
ڡطһ˼΢΢ЩӡʵΣ
ɽ˵ǰЩգһ֮֮롮˿ɼӿ֮˵ٶȣ޷֮ˣӴҲʦΪ˷Σ

ط΢һ˵Թұѭ˷ʱЧվа죬ħȡ
ɽ˵ͷˣǰʱ䣬ڵ飬űŲˡ


0801 
Ŷ
ط΢΢һ˼Ƭ̺Ҳ֮ˣߣǲʣɴ˷ʢУƱؽϳ֮£Ϊⷢ仯߶ħ⡭˷ӦΪұȡ
ˡ
ɽ˵뷨ıϣ˵ʵ֮ǰھ˷ʱ౻˲ˣһΣųֻǡ໳ġ
ʦܣգΪ¶ط˿˵
ǡɽ˵˵ͷ

ط˼صЩ꣬ж֮ƣԪȴûţʦܿȥڵ
ɽ̧ӣһⲽһ˵ǰЩȥڴһٶ֮꣬ǰδ˵һɡ
һٶꡭ
ط˵̶һٶ֮꣬ƣֻ·ͬСɡ

ɽһⲽһ߼˵ԶʮǰŻ֮ڱǷչ죬ԽǿʢЩ꣬Ĵ֮ƣŵӣ鲼ԪʵȻͬСɡ
Ŷ˵˴طϸ˼ʵѵ鵽ŵˣǺҲ
Ž顯
ɽͣǰʦ֣˵ĸʦܣʵͬһ㣬ȴûܲ鵽ǵҲ²⣬ӦǸط
Ǹط
طɫһһɲǣ·Ѿϵʲôɽ˵ͷʦֲµò澳
澳
һ̣طƽ޲ϣЩ仯ֻɳ֮ʱֻһأأڲν֮˵֮ǰ̫ʼţҲп澳ˡ

ɽ˵˵ͷ˵˵ǰ龳֮Źرգ粻ǧ֪ιʣ龳֮ٴɶֿ
ߡ
طһߣɫ𽥱ñɽ˼ɫ䣬ͣһ˵졭
ôˣ
֣طϸһ㺮˪ɽ˵ǰ˽ˣ֮ˣ˵ˡ
伣ҶˡһϹȻŲܡ
ط΢۰룬˵ţɫֽ
Ԫֻ֪ǵɽ¾µһӤ֮⣬һ֪
ɽ˳Ĭһֵʦ֣һ¡
£ط˿ʵ
ɽ˵ǰЩգλ̫˵ˣٹʱ䣬ʦֱ뿪ļŵˣֻǡ
˵˴ֹط˻վǰȥŵĵִѷ£ʦܲٵġ֣Ҳкþáûȥˡͫһ˿Ĺâ
һº󡭡
¡¡
׹⣬һ²֪ΪΣȻۼ˴ƬƣԲ֣ǽĲƣʹ⸽󣬿ȥӿֲˡ
֮⣬һɼǿ֮͸͸˵ҹ֮ĽѾ𽥱ˡ
ʱ棬Ҳ֮ǰĺҹֻ󷨣𣬽죬ӳյһ㡣
ʮ󷨣ʩ˷Ҫƿ֮ΨнЩ󷨵Щ󷨣ˣ˽ʱ䣬Ųɵġ
˿̣֮ǰֻһͷ׷סϹâǽޣ歷˺¹ˣԱ
˴ʱҲ㾡ȫطעΨʮ󷨵ˣп֮ܳ

Ȼ䣬һϸ΢ƺߣţֻ󴦣Լֳһһ೤ĺһɲǣͬΧ󷨣Ҳʱ죬ǿ˶еһϡ
һ˲䣬ǿ࣬־ȴΪʬħأδƲԣһ˲˹ֱϣһɴ룬ѹǿ˺ʬħѹȥ
ջعʮ󷨵⣬Ҳȥ죬ڰ֡
ʧˣʮˣ鿪ʼЩãÿһΣǶҪļԪ֪ȥٳŶá
δ˿̸ήң˵뵣ģĽѾɶˣֻҪʮٹãܳƽ


0802 
һ˵˲ʿһδתͷȥ
û¡
˸ؿڣʹϢƽȥ

ʱڷ˹нŲǻδˣƿţֻ˽㻹𣿡
ûˡ
һ˹ȥδȴȻü΢̧֣ϵȥʱʬħֻһ粻ҿʱʬħƺѳ糤
̧ͷɫʮ棺ʬħǿÿһʬħ᳤һ㣬ΣգҲͶһ㣬ǧҪǡ
ģƺлѹס
һЦȻ˿Уȴ˲ǰӵĻȻҿۣû뵽ڣһʬħɻǵãʱ˵йʬħһУ
Ȼǵá
ڵʬħܲѰһʬħ֮ˣҲѰʮ֮ߡ
жߡ
ܡѽӽʥʥ֮ˡ
ʥˡҲȤˣֻ֪ʬħȫ֮ʱһΡ
⡭ҿʬħ˵һǳһ֮ʱֻһ
ǰ˵޷

Ǻǣǰ֮ʬħŻںʱ׳Ρ
ꡣ
ꡭ

˿̣ȻδȻɫ˵δ룬㲻صġ

δҡҡͷ¾򵥣Ǻˣʬħڣʱ㻹ôСδҲ̫ˣǺ㱻ȣܹ
һŴ˵һкܸ֮ˣھ˭һʱҲ޷²⡣
ۣһǵ꣬ʦ۶ԼһʬħּѹԼӦǡѾ˰ɡ
ʦ
ӡ
֮ʱδȻӺὫסˣתȥкˮʵôˣ
δ̧ͷΣҾ˺㣬뺦㣬ɱ㣬ô̤ҵʬȥ
ЩʱȻһһЦ뻳УɵϣЩӦ˵ô
һḧĳһ߼ٹЩգҷǿһЩˣʮƳĽʱȥˣĳ𡭡
ǡ
ӵһ𣬹һȻнŲ߽¹𣺡ϡ
Щɿδ룬濴ȥ¹ôˣ
ʮ󡭡
¹˿̵Щ֪侲ϲˣϱ鷢üʵʮôˣ
ʮ󡭡˻ˡ
¹˵ţ棬ͻδüһʮۼ֮ڼôʱ˻ȥ
ͬʱȥδ¹ɫҰףüʵ£ȲҪ˵ô£
߱˵
ɫأһ˵ţһͥԺȥˣ¹ȥ˵Ҳ֪ô£ղȥʱ򣬷ÿһ󷨵ʧˣҲȫˣȥ˹Ϊ֮
ôܣѵδüһѵǣ澹ڹ
¹ҲƱһ㣬ҿȻֵֹģ֪ʮĲòᡭ
δõȷ֮ǰҪԡ
ü˵ţһ˵꣬չṦɽ·ȥ棬ֻеӶԭأʧȥ󷨣һ̣ȫ˻һ
ϡˣϸ˾һȫÿ·ˡ
첽ߵ֮£ȥϸ۲δҲһԣϸϸš
ų£歷Ҳˣ¹˵󷨻ˣ£ô£
ҡ
¹ҧ촽̧ͷԶһƬӰȥ֮ǰЩѲߣ
һжʮͷȴվʱһӰ˳ȴȻü¹ҵˣô
ô
¹ѲߣΪʮ󷨣ȫڴʱȥˣĪǲ֪ʮҪ
ŴԣȻǶʮ˸ǻһͷҲ̧Ȼǰ˼˵ô¹⻰Ѳǻһȥ󷨣
¹һʮĲʹ˭ƫƫʱ󷨱٣δҲ̫ɺˡ
ʱȻһӲΡΡ˳˵ͳ죬ֵܼ̫䣬̳ůůӣĳ룬ĳ롭
ǰǰм˸Ÿ
Ȼһֹ̧סǼ˵ȥȻ£ﻹֲ¹˵
˵ʱĿһֱض¹ϣ¹֪һֱƲĳЩбǡġֶΣȥշ±߸ɣĳ΢ֻЩĵֶΣϾȲ¹ǸղЩ˵ʲô˼
ģ˫ԽԽǿ쳳ˣʱȻվصˣס졭
Χ̰


0803 ޸
˶Ŀȫϣ˵ʲôȻȴδԣתѾʧȥ󷨣ԼΧ󷨣Ȼ޹⣬ű𴦵󷨣Ҳһ
ǰ˼뻨δһۣ˴˵˵ͷ˸ո۲²⵽Ľƺһ
δ롭
ʱ歷˫ü˹δҡҡͷת˿ȥ˵ǲҪٱ˴˲ˣ󷨱٣Ϊ
Ŵԣ˲ԷȻǶʮˣһظʱ¹˹˫ü΢ʵǹ֮
δ벢δش𣬶תȥ΢΢˵ͷ˵Ųδ룬һ֮𣿡

δף˹ԣ̧Ʊһϰȥ
ҲԥָһһƥŻδ봼֮ƣ˲Ϣǲȥ
ڵӲ⣬ֻƲɵ·һ³˽֮У͸һ
Ҳͬʱһ˲䣬澳棬ĳһ֮Уһۣ뷢׵ߣȻһƺߣ
˲ǱˣǱıǰһԪһΪ֮ӡǵҲԸԭԪѾָˡ
˿̣һ·ֱжͬʱһֱԺ𣺡ǰؽţֻǿ㻹ж󷨡
䵭Űһ˵ͬĻȻδ˳ȥ
亹ԭڲ֮ʱϵڲ½ͬʱ֮һ
ҪʮƳƣȻҪʮ֮ڴ֮ǰͻδҲûϵȻ˺֣ǸղŹ۲췢֣µȻƥڰֽš
ΪߣҪԶһʲô£ȻЩи֮ʱ㰵пȥʮš
ֻǴ˿̣û뵽أȴһ۾ͱԷˣԷҵµһһ̣ļɵ֮ĸˡ
˿̣죬˶ס˺ԹۣϽоɫ¶ѵϣʱͨ뱱˵
ǰߣ񵭵һصͷ׼ãȱ֮ʱجοʼ֮ʱ
ֻһƶʱӿֹµһ˲䱻ɢޡ
澳棬ɫһף·һ˲ܵ˴һʱ춯˽ɫЩףһ㶣ϡôˣ
޷û£ȳȥ
ɫҲָ糣ʱԪѾõָΪվδһ̤붴ڣÿÿҪͻƣǲôһԵ
µ֮ɶʱĻЩõԤС
ʵһһϣҲֻһСС֧ѣ⼸ǼϼһĻԲһ¡
ˣϱ֪ˣûõ۹½ʧ˲ٱȻһ̰ð֮ǼϼһǰͲü
罥˳˼Ϊ֮ƣֻΪǿˣԴУ
һɲǣֻøɭˣóһöʯǰ͸ʯ֮УŷһԪ
ÿÿ뵽ǰǰ˷ȥǣʹʣ츳ЩǿŬȻ֮ǰ;֧ûκһܱȵùԱضһҲȻһٴεõϱǼλӡ
һУȫ˵вʣߺޣʹɱкãҲͷ֮ޡ
ģүүһ㱨𡭡

죬ƳѾն˱ǵʱ¹һȻ޹󷨣ʵڡΣ
޸󷨡
޸󷨣
Ŵԣ˾һʮǺķ˽ʱŲɣȫȥҪβ޸
󷨲δȥֻǸˣɢֻţɻָתҪʱ䡣


0804 
һ˵֮˲ѾⰵжȹˣҲ⼸ʱ䡣
²˳٣ж֮󣬷棬ֻϥĿ˹ɣǰʬħѹȥ֪һʬħֻںʱ
಻֪ʱʬħѾ糤ˣʬħѾһ߷ֳտԣһʬħ磬ȫ֮ʱʱرʬħɡ
ʬħǼһʬħҲԽǿͷ·Ϊһȫ֮գ֮ʱ
ǡʬħ
̧һЦȻ֪꾿˭ʬħڵģһ㡣
ʱһŲȻ𣬸ֻδ˽˹ȥδ룬ǰĹϢգֳˡ
ǻǵ㡣
δ֪Ȼ뵽ʲôֻͷ̾ü΢ḧӣö˶˵ģ̾
ûС
δҡҡͷ̧ͷ㻹ǵã˵Ļ𣿡

˵ͷδԡ
δʮ֮ڣѾˡ
һЦΪ˷𣿡˴תߵߣһƬϣպ壬ɱһʱǣʬħڣһҲǧأòײҵһΣǲġ
ԭΪ˵ʹǳתȥʱȴ˫üøˣ˻ȥôˣ
˵
һ̣δüֹջǽǾ仰˵˳ǵգֻܻһˡ
һɲǣ֪ιʣȻеĿھһʹԺһ¸ֳˣǰȥһΣ׷֮۵ĹСºǧҹǼ¡
̼ǵ˾ͽ˵Ļÿһ֣ÿһ䡣
ǧҹǴӹΪġ֡ˣǧҹŲܹӰ죬ʹҲԪǡߣձȻֻܻһˣǡˡ
ԹΣȥ֣ʤ죬ҲϣҲ˶ܹúûţǡգȻˣԭ߻ֻܻһǿҲ֮ʱ⣬վΥɸģȴѶԭԸġ

Ȼ䣬˺ǰһλ˸ʶãӵɽѩ֮УδҲˣδжȥ֮úδȻˣʱȴǳ
ͻð˵㶮ʲô˵Ԫģ㲻ףǧҪոˡ
ǣһһΣδԪûڵ֮еκβʡ
˿̣عȥ̫࣬Ὣţɵϡ
δ뿿ļϣ˫ۣһ̣кȻһƬȻԣ֣Ĳˣֻһ˻Ǹˣһ㣬ӡ


ʮһ·ϣȻһ̾Ϣǿӣ֪ΪΣȻһ̾
ԼʱֻһӰɽֻһˣδ벻ԡ
ˡ

һԾչṦ϶£֮ǰѾδͻδ빬ˣȻһ˿ڵĹ·塣
𣿡
ڡ

΢΢˵ͷ˴ֻпһˣҲûʲô˵ˣӸ±ߣһתͷȥ澳£㵱𣿡
һƬ֮ǰЩ꣬Ĵۼ֮ŵ£ҪҡĸȻЩ֣꣬ѾЩ֮ȫˡ
Ĭһӵ׷ֻ֮һȥŪһЩ飬ô
̧ͷԶһƬʣڿӵĻÿɷ񣬹ãֿڵǰ˵˵澳
澳֪٣ǿӣƺ֪飬ʱתͷ㵱Ҫ˽⣿
ҲȥԸꡣ
ҲաתͷȥԶʵ˵ʮʥ
ʮʥ
ĪʮλѾʥʥǿߣ
ʥǧУѣʥ֮ˣֽ׶˼۷ǿˡ

ҡҡͷʥ֮ǰ뾭ĸ׶Σĸ׶ΣֱǡϺڡڡڡʥڡΪʥڣҲδܹɹʥܹɹʥ֮ˣʥֻһ֮ңʱΪ׼ʥ
˵˴ͣһּҷ˵ʮʥǵ澳ʮλ׼ʥ׼ʥ˼壬ֻҪ⣬Ȼܹ˳ʥǵʮλ׼ʥ֪Ǻԭ򣬾Ȼȫʧˣ³ʱ£澳ȴû֪Ϊʲô


0805 ӵݣϣ
Ŷ
׼ʥǺǿָ䣬ʲôϺڣڣҪҷǿˣΪοȴ˵ʮȫʥʧˣ³ʲô£
̾һǧǰˣǧǰ澳ʮλ׼ʥûһʥʱҲû֪ԭ򣬶澳ǷѾµʮʥҲ֪
˵꣬ʵǰȻҲ֪ҵˣ

΢΢ףԭҡ¼ҡռҡűĪҡĽݡǺǰһ˵ж꣬Ҳ֪壬Ϊȫȥ澳¶ҲֻԼ֪
Ȼ
񣬴˵֮Уʧ壬ûʧֻȫȥ澳ѣҲܹˣƺܵĳֽơ
Ƿɣйأתͷ
δشϸ˼֪ô飬˭ӣȻְɣʵݣҲӳƺǸʲôʥ
˵ҵ£Ҳû󾢣أ˵˵ǰǰʲôˣ
һ̣񲻶ؿſӣӣҲ񲻶ؿ˵Ŀ⣬ʱ˿̣ǽϵķâһ
˺һӲųĿ⣬תȥޱߵҹĻһ̣·ֻǰ£һ˿Եį֮ɫ
һ˿į֮ɫ̫ԣҲ׽ˣʱӶ϶ˣǰˣΪԲ͡
Īǰǵꡭʮʥ֮һ

ҡҡͷҲ澳ˣꡭλʦͨ󣬷ޱߣǰ˻һλ
˻ס
ɫһǰԼ˵ĺ˻ףʱΪ˻ײֻǴ˵ѣû뵽һλʦ
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ʲô
Ҳһ㶣û뵽Ӿ˹ʵأȥˣ

ӵ˵ͷ˿񣬷·ǧǰһΣһģһʱֻһʥ֪δʥضĶ֣һڤ񹦴ɣʱȻʥҲĶˡ
׼ʥ
һأû뵽֮ǰΪӴǰֻǺϺڻ߶ڣû뵽һλ׼ʥ
׼ʥʲôǰֻһǱ𣬿ǻص۷ʱڣָֻһ˲
Ȼ䣬뵽ˣԭ˿̵ĿӣѾǵڶˣǰһΪֹ׼ʥΪȥڤղδʥ
ǰ֪Լ˶֣ȴȥʱǱʯ֮ˡ

ӵ˵ͷɻǵãҴŻ
Ȼǵá
ʵŻֻ֣ؽһ̫Žɴ󷨣ҲڤһֱҪõġ
ֻؽ
ȻֺϤһ£̻ˣȥħڣ͹ЩȥһƬħ֮գһĹңĹҵʯ֣ᵽˡֻؽ֡
ʮָħͻ󷨷ӡڷӡֱ֮꣬󷨼ȹ̣ĳһԲ֮ҹǡۣ֮ʬħȻƿ˷ӡʮָħӵصƷһָشֶΣΪۣʩչ̫Žɴ󷨣ֻؽʮָħӡ˹硣
ӵ˽ֻ֮طԪ񣬽Էֻ꣬أǿʱΪãԷ̫ǿ޷ǱֻΪۣڻ֮С
ԭˡ
û뵽ԼŻ̫Žɴ󷨣ֲýԼ򲻵֮ʱ򲻿׶ãԭˡ
Ȼ䣬һ£¸δʱδƺЩ֣ɿӵĿģѵδ֪ˣΪ֪̫Ž֮
ӼŽ֮Զֹڴˣǹżмأ˽֮Խ죬𣬾Խڹ֮У޷롭ȻҲֻǴţϾ졭̫˼


0806 ӵݣ£
˵ͷֻص֮ǰĻ⣺ôһȥֻؽԸˣΡ
ҡҡͷ̫ƻ֪𣬱ȻǶֻؽƴǰһգֻһԪ񡭡
ǰԼȴûɢֻصĽ֡

ӳ̾һԹ̻סԼĻǣӦѾҷˡ
Ҳû뵽
ʵû뵽˿һ㲻˵ˣһɽ֮ʱ⼸Χȥٶǰ飬ʧܲ˵ԼԪĻںͷҶ֪ץסꡭһ˵á
СӣҲҺܲǰɣӿЦ˵
ǰӭɽ´磬˵ǰܹ꣬ʥ϶֮ˣҲβǰȴΪ˱ֻһУֵ𣿡
ӵһ쳾Ľ٣ǶɲˣҲʥԺҲ룬ɴħˣʲôʥгһ޳һħҲʥˡ
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Զֵǰ޳׼ʥȻҲѽǰںδ
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Цһڤ֪й̻ͨԪԵ꣬㽫ӡǧֻ꣬һȥȡȻýԪס
˵ǰòˡ
ԶڰһƬգͣһȻֵм£һֱǰǰܹƾĻش𡣡
˵ǡ
ǰûҪҡ˴ȻȥҲתͷӡ
Ͼǰı£òشǰǾ׼ʥֻҪһҪٻص۷壬ҲֻʱѣȻȥ𡭡

һŵС
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ȤҾһ²ˣǰѽʮǰǴΣ֮£ǰоõĻҶᣬΪǰȴûж֣ҡ
Զֵɽ壬˵ҺûжᣬڣҪʬħˣˡ
Цԭǰǵϵʬħ
תͷʱҿɲ֪ʬħ˴˱˴˳ĬֺȻһЦҡͷ¶ȥУип
ԳЦҪ˵ҲңҵǾãСӱҸңһã˴һʬħڣҲ֪λġ
ǰ֪λġ
ָڵʬħԼڴʬħˣпܣйأ»ֹô򵥡
˵ģ͵㣬ʬħһֱڣӺȻתͷ
ǲȻء
һ̣𽥱õȻص˵Ҫǰһֻ˵ϣֻһ˳Ȼɹߣ޼ʹɹҲȻḶӦĴۣϣдͨߣգȴҲ˳Ӧ
˿̽ԼյĻһֲ©ظ˳һ£漴Цҡͷȴֵǣأ
ǰ̧ͷԶһƬգ˵˳⣬Ϊгһգδ⣬Ҳ޻ڡ
ȥɽķ򡭡
ˣ澳һ£лǰ棬Ʒ֮ڼҪȥһЩ飬գǰ
һ˵ţһɽȥˣнԶıӰ̾һ˵ǵҲ˵ϣɹߣˣԵһλҲˣ㡭

ʮպ˺֮£ʮ󷨣Ѿ޸˾˿ǰϣ뻨δվǾ»ָе󷨣Ĭ
˺һδſڵȥ·壬Ƿ˵ʲô
˵Ļֻиһ£ûи߻δ룬˿ǰߣ˵ǰһֱиԸܹѩޣ롭
˵˴ͣһгһգʥȥǰû

δ뿴ֵͷȥЩǸ֮⣺˵ǰӦһȴһֱûܶ֡
˿˵ǣǴɱžҪȥڣǴӦһ
ʱǣ֮˫ҪһĿʲô£Щ˶飬Ľ磬زȥˡ


0807 
±ֵ˵ЩȹҲٴΣҲҲٴΣʮǰһΣط׷ɱҶѾˡǴ̫ˣ׼ʥı£һʱ

δ뿴˵ͷܵɱž˰ѿӵԪ˳ʮΪҲȷʵ٣ֻڣĵģȻڵʬħв֮һ¡
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Ĳɱɱ֮ˣûþȡ
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ʱֹȥ£ʱգʮ󷨣Ѿȫ޸ˣһգûȥ±ߣǶħǱȥˡ
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ƽչɽָֻһһӰƮ˰С
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ӲͬӵԪˣˣʱļٻȴ֣֮ɱܹʩչǿнһƻǱʮˡ
ոǲϢԲŷ˵Ļ˿ӣܹϢ
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ַȥһ˼һ˵ǸǿԶ޵ɱȣҲС֮ڣ˵麣

ɫһǴδ˵˵ͷҼǵþǽ֣֮ӣһͽܣᡣ
Ȼأ𣿡

룬˵ӣЩƺҲһֱѰĳ䲻֪ʲôضʮҪǸͽܷᣬΪʮţĳβ֪ΣͻȻˣȥһָˣˣȥ󣬲֪˵ʲôԺҾͽˡ


0808 Ʒ
Ƕǰˣʵ

һ£ͷһٶǰǸʱҲ֪и˵ʱǶʧؼʲô֮ûǵʲô

΢΢˵ͷ˵Щʱգһڣֻߣʦã㡣
Ŵԣһ̧ͷƬ̣૵лллˡ

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λ֮Уһ˫֮ĽȥˣҲ󷨡
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һѾɶͬһţҪǿгƣҲʲô£ȴ˶һʯգҪٳţͲôˡ
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歷һ˹ȥδתͷ΢΢Щףѵص¡正ȥҪ֧ˣضṥ󡭡
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ЩߺӿǽԽԽѺۣɫҲԽԽǰѾ̹ıˣڿɲԷƿӡüô죿ҪȻ߰ɡ


0809 ӡ֮
У
½նǽѺۣ˵ǰβǳǱأʲôҪŵǰء
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Ļŵ̫ʼź½ҲٵһæӺ½˹ϣҪȻҪȻ뿪ɡ
һ뵽ǰһɱһ˵ӣڵӾһ׹ɺ̶Ҳͣˡ
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½ָһ󣬺ݺݵ棬ʱֻһһȴһˮϣһɲǣֻĿ˪̳ȥ󷨣򡭡
ֻǽϺâ½붼һ£һ̣иܵϵɱ
һ˲䣬棬棬Ȼ˶񲻶ˡ
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֪ΪΣϺȻɱɫǱÿ£Ա½붼û뵽ȻĸŮ
棬ɫţóȻ߶ˣ˶ȥô죿òܹƿĽˡ

ϵɱԽԽˣеĽҲȻֹϵĺâ²
ͻȻ䣬ˮ֪Σһ½ţֻٵԼؿϼѨȥһɲǣƾ䣬һɿֲ˳
һ̫죬Ӧһȥȴûϵһһˮָץסˣʩ⽣ղˡ

ˮǺȻʧһ˫۱ͨ죬һ顱һɽҲشһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
֪ΪΣϺȻǿһ½뾪ѹȴûüУѱˮһƴУʱѣһѪ󵹷˳ȥϺڵĸ֣˿ܲס

һ̣ˮʧȥ˿ƣ۱ͨ죬ͷһХһɿֲȥΧ̫ʼź½ҵ˾˳ȥЩΪԵ֮ˣûܳסֱӱΪһƬѪ
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ΪˮڵʧأǧҲؿڷһƺߣϾɫ΢΢һķ૵ˮǧҪһ˵꣬˲仯һ⣬ķȥˡ


0810 ؼ

⣬ˮһХǸ̫ʼź½ҵˣ˳ȥһҡҡ׹
ɼǿ棬еӶһδ֮Уʮ󷨵ʱһ壬Ǹеһ𣬺ǿ
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ʱһ˲˳һ̧ʾ£ĿȻǧϣߡһ˵꣬գӰ˲ʧƺ
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ΪΣܹӦڵʧˡҲ˿̷·һ㡣
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һ룬ˣ˼׷ǰϣ

΢΢ףǰȥոȥΧ˿ǲϹŽ֮ʧƺƺ춯йء
棬һƬδ֪ĵطƺ֪ǴӺʱʼƺǱʱ춯ǲ˿ϸ΢춯δÿһζܹ
ΪѷǵɱȣƺȻĴһ˿˼ɣԽǱΪ˽أκ˶ÿܽ롣
ڸոգȥǸ鿴ˣԭΧһ㼫ǿϹŽƣӦϹʱڣ£ʧĻ˵һ磬ڣʥڵĸ֣Ҳ̸ӡ
ǰʱϹŽȴŹֵʧˣոȥƺǱ߲̽ƺϹŽƵϢƺϹŽơʧԭ
ʵһϹŽƲδʧǱƺǱߣΪλˣһʱ֮䣬ҲҶ϶鲢Ѱ


0811 ɽ
δ빬
ͥԺƽɽʯ׾˽δ룬ָΣ
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δ˹濴˿ֻһ˶ʵǲϹŽʧԭѾ鵽ˣ

˵ͷ˵ܡƺǱйء
£㽫ǰ鵽ĸ˻δ룬֮󣬻δҲüʵҲɹϹŽƲԵ޹ʧƺǱйء
޷
˿˫ü΢ӣ˵ǰȥ鿴󰭣˶ãϹŽƣָֻ

δ˵ͷҲٶԣƺʮֲѰֻҪϹŽƻָˣҲɱʱǣ̫ǣӦõĵģǱһϣǱȻưոݣһ
ʱͥԺȻнŲֻ¹˽ϣ㣬Ⱥ򡣡
á
˵ͷδ뿴ȥȹȥˡ˵꣬תͥԺȥˡ
¹ԶȥıӰȵҲʱתŻδ͵͵һЦǸղ˵ʲô
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תժŵ˿òɶǲ˿Ļֻֻһһ²һ¡
֪Ϊ¶治˵صȥˣص棬ɶȫñ£ü飬Ѿ֪ˡ

˵ͷδԣɶ濴һۣعͷʵҡʦأ
ɶҪΪ¶ҲԥָһתȥֻǰУֳʵӰ
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壬ҲΣܹٿȥǻģʱֻһƻǶѡ
ô
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泯棬˵ܹסһƻǣʮֲˡ
ô
˺һɶѹȡһֻССĻ壬ܣʦ㣬ȽȥҴȥһ취㡭

˵ͷ漴һ̣СС棬ɶСպãתıӰллˡ
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תħǱߣʲô
ɶҡҡͷħ浹Ǻ뿴ͱ綷ܾˣûʲô
˵˴ͣһ꣬𲽻㲻ţЩˣˣ򶨷ǻɲŮأ̫ʼź½ҵˣû׷ȥ
֪
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⡭
ɶȻüǰҴƺʮˣΪԸ㡭ʱգǧСġ
лѡ
ϣȻƽɶ˵ͷ´϶ñϣǰֻعͷо仰Ҳ֪
ӵ˵޷
ɶüϣ򵥣ǱȻֻǱҵһ֧ϾҲǱҵˣ棬й˼ɣóȻȥ澳Ͷһ䣬һǿҲǶһġԾڴˣˡ
˵꣬ȥĿ뿪ֱҲıӰĿ⣬𽥱ú磬˵֮ʱجοʼ֮ʱ׼ô

ʱȥ죬һϹŽƣָˣʱˣһݵͼͼıǣǱЩڣ̫ʼź½ҵˡ
ĵͼ䣬صЩ꣬±Щ񸽹֮һ֮£˲֮𰣬һ𡭡Щ
ǣ
ڶգ±ߵһڵĵطȥˣȻȥĸˡ
ƣһһؾ꽫Ҫ裬δ빬δվߵĵطһƬƾ̾һֳȥˡ
¹վԱߣҲƾ£ķ򣺡Щ飬ȥصģܿ죬Ͼͻ
һ꽻ӣ粻ϣ̫ʼһڣѪɺӣֻʣһˡ
شʬǽĹ㳡ϣǰжʮĵµӰһǱıӰ˵ǲΡΡһڽǰأɡ
ɱ
䵭ûһ˿飬䣬ֻâһ룬Ѫ֮С
֪ˣֺαص
Ȼûһ˿һ죬һâɳ֮߶֮ʱŴ˴ŵص׵֮ȫ˽ȥ

ʱȥˣⳡ֪꣬ҪµʱԪ˿ˣȥ˶Ѿ֪һ£ȴû뵽һһȷѪꡣ
Щܿ죬һһı֮ضѪɺӣҲǵЩ顣
˿澳ص֮У֪ŭɫҪѿжѿͻڼʱȴ򲻿
ʦʦ𣡡
ʱȻҴһӣǵɫɷףǶ˻һ˵ʦʦ𣡸ոմϢǡ˵˵ʦٲȥٲ֮黹ɱˣɱˡ
һԣŭգһɱ红δ㣬ȴңãõúܣֻҪ̤澳һϷضʬ޴桭
ʦʦô졭
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ϻδ˵꣬Ȼһĵ¡
ʱɫһ˭


0812 
š
ԽԽȴκνŲҲܲκһϢüͷ壬չĵطߵ״ܹ˿Խ˭ΪξϢ˴޷ܵ˵Ϣ
ڣһӰصſڣȷе˵ǲһӰһ۳һŵĺ
ȹӶʱŵɫҰףص㡭Ǻˣ⣬ʦ𡭡
˵꣬һ죬ֹס˵ȥûˣ¡˵ʱĿȻſǵ档
ǡǡ
ǵɫɷףΡΡȥˣֱûκһƮ˽
ʱҲʯ̨΢΢˹֣ԭǹ緽ʧˡ
ˡ
洫ʱʣΪκȻѵѾ֪ˣֲֻ
ϰ£Щ㷲֮ʱֿˣΪ˷
żɽҲˣЦһٴι˹֣ܽⳤ֮ǡ

洫һǳǳ̾ϢֻںܾǰҾ˵ӲΪ󻼣ڿǺˡ
ȻЦ֪ˣƴΪԪҲҪ澳ĽƣɱˣͲôˣҲڣкã
ָܹ㳤һ
ٴι˹֣ΪҵˣкϺ۷Ϊһ붴ڣɱ˵ˣһ̤붴ˣҲСǰ
û˼®ɽĿֻ֪֮ƩڣǰǷǱ
֮⣬һżͨǹۣѰܹ֮֮δ֪㵽顣
˿̣ƮǰɭɭصǾҪǲˡ
һԣ֮ʱһ㶣漴ӦСԼȻкβң
ҪԸˣʵҲѣӲ뻹δ˵У˰٣òʧǹ㣬ǾͲһˡ
˵ţϸ˼ʵǴ˾к㣿Ĺ汸ħ֮˵Ψһ㡭
ˡ
˵꣬ϵ˵㣬ϵ㡭
ָ
˫üٹãǱߣһŮӵ֣ץס

üŮӣѵһʲôϵ
ΪŮӣƬĶ磬ѣֻ뽫ץסΪЮֻ壬ȻסСӡ
Ȼ֮⣬ֻСѪ飬ЮһССŮӣûõĻ
ִˡ
·ֿ룬ص˱濴ȥѪ飬ⲻ֪ȴظ飬⡭㣬飬Ƕҩ
ˣлָ㣡
ǰһݣһɲǣһɱ

պĳɽׯֻѪ죬ʬǽ壬̤صѪһׯȥ
ׯڣֻһѪȫ˿ڣѪȾ˳ۣʱһ߽˿־塣
һ飬ͼ
ֶ䵭˵ǰ̧ͷһ̣̲סĲ㡭ħ롭֪
ϣͼҵˣ
ʱȻׯڷ˳һᣬˣɫһ䣬һ´ӵվ˹ȥҪصͼȴâһ͡һ˫۾ն

귢һ˺ѷεĲҽУЩʹιȥļԼĶϱۣһԵȥ
ִӰӹͼһۣתׯȥɱ
ͣâһʱ롣

ֹգҵһεɽȣɽһɼǿ͸澳һˡ
Ƭ̺󣬰Уɽľ֮УֳһľľľͷһŰ澳ˡ
ֻ贩һ澳ˣǰһ̤һ˹ȥ


0813 澳
ϣ
թȴ̧̧֣ʾ˺ţﲻдܹܵǹϢ
СһǰûˣȻ֪Ǵ棬ǴһԽ澳
˴תȥŶ˵Ǵ˻ȥɣ˴Σһǰȥԡ
΢΢һ漴ֵδ빬Ըظңµһͬǰ
Ŷ
ŶˣصδĻĻ
⡭
һ£ҡҡֵȥɣǱߣҪЭҴ˴澳ֻв̽ǴĵȥǸ󣬷״ݾߡ
ǣ˹˹֣˴˶һۣٶԣӰһ˲ʧ
ֱԶȥתǰֵ֣ԥ˽ȥ
˴һЩѺۣҲѺۣУûκβ֮УΨΧȫ֣ããһƬʲôҲ塣
Ҳ֪˶ãǰİɢȥ͵֣ΰͦΣͱڣľ죬ޱУһɾ
Ũ棬һ±ߣǰɾһɽ壬澳ô棬ҲûʲôֻͬһɲǣҲ֪ΪΣ·ԼԼһĪϤ֮С
ѵǰԼô˵ԼͳڴˣȻ˿̣Ϊλһ˵壬ĸо
ݵʧ֮˹ѲԪû죬Ӧ˷ɾ衣
ȻȴѾˣŴ⣬ûȥȫϢʹ˿̽Ϣȫȥո̤һ̣ϢҲȻѾ˾쵽ˡ
ԭһʶӡ֮ԥһ̤ԶȥˣӦ澳СӦԡݣô棬;ֻһϣ˼֡
˵ڶƻʱѾ֪˺δǰһɽȣɽһһʱһ̳֮أȻʱĲ²һ澳ʵҲֻûݳǡݳķ
澳ģһЩϵ壬ֻţв٣Ǵ˵궫֮󣬶֮ˣڴ˷Ϣγ澳
ǲΣһ㣬Ϊ֮ͬУĪ֮ˣЩϹԣѷһ֮ͬǰ˵ʮʥǼǴ˵֮еκһ˵Ķ֡
ҹӰʮ˸ԭȻΪ˱澳һЩ˵ע⡣
澳ԸΣ궪ʧ֮һҪûȥδȻöǧҲֻӼԪҪۼ㹻֮޷Ϲ֮

ǰһ·Ȼͣ΢΢תͷһ·ô
ݣݣݣ
֮ʣȻʮӰΪΪߣЩ˴˿ɫŵӣȻǵĿֻڸȷ٣δҪ¼ѱ֣Ҳòˡ
Ȥ
תȥʮˣδȥǣǷұˡ
ŴԣʮоһΪĿ䣬ߵһ仰˵δȥ㣬㷴澳ˡ
˭˵Ҫ
񵭵ŲԶˣ֮Ҳʡñȥˣ鷳
䣬һ磬˲Ϣԭʧˣ߾һÿٶȣ
ǸδӦʶ϶Էٶȣ˲Ϣǰһ죬Ѷסߵĺ
ʦ֣
Աߵ߶Ȼһ̼ʮҲӦ˹Լɽԭİ֣һ±ùâҫۡ
ߵĺĻʹ·
ʮ˶ʱ׹̶һ̾˿ΥԷ̫ʼŵˣ٣ƾУʶܲ
ʦܡҪɽš
߱ź˵ʮֳȻܹһɱȥɽĻһռѪɺӣ
Ȼ߻һ˿֣òӶԷԸҲ֪㲻·ԷҪȥҵ̫ʼڣҲ׾٣ˣȥɽŵĽԸˣ

ͬʱڶϵһС紾ӣԲΪʱĶӴţȥ㲻ɣ̻һˮŮӣһ¿ϲˡ
ѣѡ
˵˭ҵĹôÿƵģô⺣ѡ
Ҿ˵ʮǰ⺣ϾûͣǻǵʮǰǸ겻Ǵι꣬ȻĻˣҿںˣûôˣ
Ŵ磬˰ɣǴġѣ˵𣿹
ȡȿȡ⣬ġңҡ
쿴쿴ˣû¡
Ĺﰡҳô󣬻ûôÿĹ
ҽдţ㣬ƯˮΪˡޣ㿴죬Ϲ˵ɻǵγµһĻûˣʲôģ
ʲô
Ůǧ䣬ͷʶԾЩģʱ⼸£ҲͬһƬ̫ˣҪһɵĻҲδܹԽʱУҹֻֽų˷棬ܴԽƬãã󺣡
⼸£ںҲֻοˣЩѴ򷭣Һ£ҹʱ˵ĸ׷ɱ
ʮּң˫ˣ֪ΪΣ׺Ȼӿһɼǿֻ÷飬ǧҲ˺ףȫʧȥʶ֪ôƯġ
ΧЩİףǧȻãѵԼѾƬӵļ𡭡
ˣ
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ˣܰ
ԱߵҲŵɫɷףǧ̴ӵվǾӿķǲʲôһɲǣӦˣߵϢ


0814 뻢
ܿ죬ǧ߾С˾ʧȥȻܵù˾ˣ
ߣ
дţҲŵ޴룬ȥǧһǧһһѽǸߴȥ

ۼǹﻹһվ棬˸Ǿ֣һ̣ǾȵһĻˣֻǧ˫һϷӿȥг˷֮ƣһ½˸ȥ
ɡӣ
˽һĪﾹ·ƽϢ£
ţҲԭأոһĻǾĪ˳˸ӻˣӣ˺ÿ
˳֮ʣֻǺϣһһϣǿҲ߷ӿ˹
ǧĿԽԽЩϾԶ˴
һʱع׷ԶȥˣˣǧҲһ¼һѺâɽǽĶ˵Ƿˣλڴ˴ֻ֣˼޹
㲻ЩɥǾ͹Թǻȥ
䣬˲Ϣǧ΢΢һδ˶ָ֣һ̻һƽԶȥˣڴСս˼޹ˡ
׷
׷ȥ׷ɽ֮һǰһؽǧ½סˣǰ׷㼸£㻹ܡ
ô
Ҳǧ޴ӣƴһ֮ʱȻһ飡飡˫˫˳ȥǶ˼ʱһ£ֻش
ʲôˣ
˽ɫһ䣬ܹ׽ˣո
ڶ˾֮ʣԶһӰƮȻһ֮ϣһͷ׷䵭Ӧһɳʣȴ֪ΪΣƺϣЩʲôܴʱһɱ֡
һ̣˴סˣԶǧ䣬Ҳסˣϵİ׷֮ˣ˿̾ԡ
ȥпһ׷ңһƬҶ䵭ص
˰£Ǻˣڴ
һָɫƺһ£ѾǶ½ˡ
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Ȼǰ׷䵭ָһҶɳ顱˲Ƕ˵ķɽһ㣬ֱӽѪ˳ȥ
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׷һҶʱһɲǣһɿֲȥǶ˾һ֪Ǵ˶ָ֣ӡ˲仯һԶȥˡ
ߡ
Ŷȥ׷һߣһ㣬ƮȻǧǰôˡ
ӡ
ֱڣǧȻЩţǻһ㣬һΣȷˣǰһУʵģҲǻˡ
һ̣Ȼ̣ҪЩܵȫίͨͨ޳һ
޵滨꣬׷̲סһ̾ӵͨǼᣬᰲ˺ˣ޲ޡ˵˵ô°ա
˺һģ̌ͷֻ۾ȻģĽëϻżžӨ͸飬ʵۡ
һּͷȥңɱ˵Ϊ˴ֿ̲סˡ
Ϊȣϰ׷ȴֻǵŶˡ
ǧһ̧ͷ㡭㲻Ϊʲôɱ𣿡
ɱɰա׷ӵص
ǧһ£ǰȻԼĮģΪѵʱ䳤ˣԼô
㣬ͷôȫˣ
ƺڣǧע⵽ͷ׷Ȼ𵱳ħڣһʱʱͷͷһư׷û뵽ʮ꣬ͷȻȫˡ
Ȼͷ˵գȽ㰲ٺú˵Щ귢顣
׷һ˵ţһ߸ǰȥˣǧ˵ͷ˺棬ΪѾˣñȴϣҲûʶˣ·ѳΨһˡ
һǰ±ߣȻһɫʯʯԼĪߣڴģ̌ͷȥǣʯͷ
һͨʯͷѡ׷ӵ
ҹȥ
ǧһ˵ţһС˹ȥƴʯһ˲䣬һɱ֮Уʱ߱ȫ
һɲǣ·һʯڴǧįܵ˵ҲҲ˿һʯϣܵһɲ⾳
ôˣ
ǰ׷ӼɫȻЩ֣˹һ˲䣬ǧ侪ѹԶԾ䱸ǰһģһˣ㲻ӣ㵽˭


0815 
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ǰ׷ӵһЦһ̣ԭα¶Ȥ֮˫֪οġ
ǧû뵽ճѨ뻢ڣϽһ亹ֻڸոҾӦ÷֣ӵĻ˵ɱ˵ΪټҲһ˵ǰǼҪߣ
˴ͣһ£УӣղҪɱˣ࣬ҪɱĻֱɱ˱ˡҪǣʯڴ˴ǧ겻䣬ǵȽ֮ˣػʯ¾˥仯ȴ˵ʲôֻǿͨʯͷ
Ǻǡ
׷ӵһЦûˡ
ȻУ
ǧ俴ʱ޿̵ȥѧ˵˵İܱʣ֮ԱΪ£͸£ǶʧٱκںôҲں˵а޲ԽװԽǲ񡭡
ȤȤ
׷ͷһЦ˿㻹ͦ˽ġ벻ôͱ㶴ˣȻȤЩһ
һ˵꣬ǰ׷¶һ˺ȥߣһ죬㳯ǧץ˹
ǧɫһ䣬Ҫ㿪ϸϺȻһʹϵƾʱˣݼŵ˲䣬׷ѿסһ㣬ǧֻеһʱ˹ȥ
һˣ컹˵꣬ҿùˣ͵ˡ
׷ӽסָ⻬ľϣһֱǰһ㿪½¶Ƭ覵ļʱɽ۴ӰȻ˳˵򲻿ɣǰʦץסС֮ǰŮӲһ˿ˡ
֪֪ˣ鷳
׷ɨˣǧ½ϣһףȥȥɣˣ޹ء
Сסǧ䣬ŵϴǹɵ㣬Ҳһɵ϶࿴ۡ

澳ΡΡɽƿƣ˴Ի̫ɽɽ߹Ϊ̫ʼڡ
һգɽнһ̫ʼУһбʼղӼӹ̸Ȼ֮£ڻˡ
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һ죬ɽһѷɽʱɽ˳ɽ廷ƣγһ򽣴ȻʹˣɽڵĵҲеһ𣬷׷׸˳
ȥ̫ʼԼаǧӣֻһĵӣӺԪ̫ʼŵ̫ϣƽＫһ
ʦ𣡲ˣ˴ɽؽ󣡻ʦ𶨶ᣡ
ӼҴҴ˽ֻ֮ڵһɫ۵İˣǵü΢ԱСͯһͯ¯һͯȣˣǱˣ̫ʼŵһˡ
˿̣һüԽԽĵ飬ڻˣӲģٸ̫ɽʮؽҲǵֵסˡ
ˣţΪʦȥһ
һڻվȥȥ棬ֻϽȻһһ飬Ӹոյ߳ô̶һɽĽ󣬾Ȼֱȥһء

һгһ̫̾ɽҲ㲻һؽѰɣֻСѼȻˣһ̸Σ
һԣеһѵԷֻһ˶һ˾̫ɽķ
һɲǣ̫ʼѻȸûһ˵˶ɽǱߵķֱһ
̸ͲˣǶ֮ڡҲʱ黹ˡ
͸ؽڵӸס˺̫ʼ
һ˻ǰ̤ȥɽŵķڹ֪С˵ָ֮
αװ֪
һºӰȻɽǱ߷˽ϸһƣǱǱ˶ģڵϣ죬˺üŴӵˣȴ֮ǰȥ׷ߡ
ơʦ֡
ϾֲѣΧĵӸɵˣԶλϵΪᱻ˸
ٴɽŷȥʱֻɽǰİɾ޽֮ϣȻվһӰ䵭ֶ׷ڵӽԸеһϣһ̣·𶼱ס࣬Ǻʱͻؽģ

Ȼ䣬ѷɽ𣬰кâۣȴӼ˷ɽȻһȴһ̧ʾڵӽɽջء
ǰ˵ΪȻǧӣɱҲδصס˵ĵ۹һ
ʾ⣬̽ɽ˻ȥȴʱַɳһӰһ£üһɫӡһؽǵǡĺ
Ȼ㡭
յݵĵ۽ĺ֣֮ʱȻһ۽˳һսܸЩǱΪҲͻͽ֮ϣʤһЩϡ
ܺãĳ£
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ʵܸĺһֱʱΪֻǰܸ˶Է۹£ЩһֱǱδһա
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һֹ˵ĺδͻϺڣͻϺˣҲǰ˵Ķ֡
Ȼʱĺս߰ƽǼ񣬸һ˵Ļһնȥ
һɲǣ˽ס˺Ϊ࿹ȴֻǻ̧֣·һ͸ʦһֵ˰Уδһ£
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һΣӿȣԶ·ĵӣǽεòȥȴʱһס֣
ʦĺٵûˣֻսֻһ̾ˣĺգ㲻Ķ֡
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ĺһҧвʣȥ˿ҲĶ֣ԶĶ֣˵꣬˫һ㣬㳡Ǳ߷ȥ

һ棬ֻ̾ĺһǰ˵Ķˣ̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
˿̣һһؿž޽Ǹ׷ˣ̫ˣǴ˿̵񣬻ò뵱Ǹˡ
Ǹˣ澳ǧһŰᣬ־ͱдʮʥ桭ֻϧ컯Ūˡ


0816 ⣨ϣ
ֻվɽž޽һ̣̫ʼգ𽥱ý
Ŷˡ
һˣ˴βҪ֮黹⣬һҪһˣӡ
Ŵԣٵһ̫ϣ鹬һҲ֪ӺԪӣλǱŵ̫ϡ
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һ֪²˽ˣԵһӷԸȥǵҲŻţææɽ鹬Ǳ߷ȥ鹬ȻҲ̫ɽϣ̫ʼȴŽ֮ң
˿鹬ɫɷףȻ̫ʼǱŰ֮ңߣҲѸܵϢû뵽ɱȻˣǰˣջδָǺã
뵽棬˼ӹ̷ӡŮΪЮմˣضɱԼģ
С취
˼⣬գָֻһһʱȥȴǷԪԪͬΪ̫ʼŵ̫ϣʦ֣һ˲ͬһ˲ǴһԪӲʦֵܡ
£λǰʱܳһΪ̫ʼ룬ҲᱣǾֻʦԪˡ
ܿ죬ԪյѶ˹һ˻ӣԪӲüʦܣ׷£Ϊˣ
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ʵǲ֪ڣʵһֱʦֺţ˵ֻǰձλǰķԸʵʵľۼЩ֮һֱţ˵ΪУ׷ɱЩ顣
ֻǰճǰķԸȥȡ֮һ룬ҽǰˣһ룬ҲˡҲɽ֮¡
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Ԫ֮ɫɵһ䣬֪ʦһӴʲô¶ȥȴû뵽ӾȵزȲ˵һ֮ˣñ緢˽֮ǻǣ̫ʼţ
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̫ʼǰԼ˽һʱ䣬һһϣ̼仯ӰӺԪӡ
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Ԫ˹΢΢ʩһȻһԪһϾԷҲţǲʧ
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ܿ죬֮ѾɽӿҲԥһӣһɳڰлһɫ֮֮ʱܹʱ֮
֮£̫ɽµ֮𽥱֮棬Լһ̫ɽֹͣ𵴣𽥻ָƽ
֮˻ȥвʣҲ˿Ϊʹ˽ᣬȴһ̣·ԨıĿ⣬Ѿϣȫһʱ׹ѡ


0817 ⣨£
ԪվһԣʱҲܵɱĺĿ⣬֪ǰ֮Ѿջأ֪Σ
ص֮УջӦ֮ǰҲ˵ˣǸˡ˴ָȥ
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ֻһߣҿûɱһˣЩ֮֡
鳤ٺú룬ûɱһˡѾʼԽԽˡ
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ӿ첽ǰԪӷסû뵽ʦҲȫǴ˶֣ĪǽաҪڴˣ

ʱһ̾ϢڵһǷ̾Ϣ֮ˣȴһˡ
ֻһǾ޽һİ׷ˣ̾ϢСһΪУȷʵܼСΪ֮ˣֻСҪ鳤ֻ¡ȴǲܡ
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һͣû뵽ʱʦֶסˣһ˻վ˵

һٴηһ̾ЩӺԪ˴֮ò룬˫ŲС϶ӱϾڳϣ˵ɱɱοǵôӡ
ôˣǶҪˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ǿ޽ʧˣٳʱһ˵ǰ˿Ȼ˫ֻ֣ȴ࣬Ϣѡ
һɲǣһвһǿϢ񡭡ʮǰǸˣ̫ˡֱһģһ
㳡ϵգҲǺȻһ˶ͻȻ䣬ԭվһӣһվ˳ָǼһ㵽ΣɱԸԼҺθɣ
Ŷһƣѵ鳤ϳ𣿡
䵭һһ˹ȥ˵ϢǷң˵״ˣǵΪһҲܲסһȣʲôһһֱһɺԣ
޹޼һ˵
ԽԽˣԺһ죬ԶҲˣһ죬δδ޵ôù

һ죬ϵĳһǰѽһ²ӽűߣ˶ϣпɱԪֻתǱ֣𡭡
һɲǣ㳡ϵոǽŵ˼㣬˶鳤ϽǰѲҡεĳ
Ȼֶ䵭ûһ˿顣


0818 ½
ٺ٣ٺ١
Žű߲ҡεĳӺȻٺٲЦһǽӵϰ
һ̣˶Ŀ͸˲֮ɫѵϵҪԴ˽أ
ʦܡԪɫҲýһվԱߣ˫ü壬Ϣ
ʦ𡭡ɣ
ʱԶȻӰ˹Щȴ鹬ĵӣ֮ǰǼʦߵôæϱ뷢Բżææظ˹һͿһĻ
벻ӣҲнգٺ٣ٺ١
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ٶԣǳĮһ˵꣬תȥ˫Ȼڱϡ
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ӺٺٲЦһɲǣǽӳճ˫ۣɱ

һ죬һȴأʮعһȥ
ʦܡԪʱеҪֹȴѾˣһȥ˲Ϣ䣬
˶δϵͻȻһ̵ڽгʱȴǲǰˣҲǱһεס˺

ֻֻ۾Ѫ˿ѵһеĽϣȻ˫ץסԼֻ۾Ѫ˿ԽԽ࣬ϵϢڿʧ
գ۾ֻ۾ȻѪ죬ûһ˿Ϣˣϵȥ
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ԪڷӦ˹һ˲ǰסӣһɲǣȴ·𿴼ʲôµĶһľɫΪոһ˲䣬ˣϸûκ˿ڣҲûܵκˣʧˡ
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ӽ𣬶ٷնԹһʹ
һ仰˫һ㣬ƮȻȥˣֱߺã˻ԭأȻһֻеһ⣬ϴϮ

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ЩҲٴУĽ䱸ɭ౶˿ׯڴϣֻˣһǸµӣ뷢׵ߡ
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һߣ½£Ϊɲ⣬ȥгǸĻ
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Ĭã±һ̧ͷ׿ȥСʵ£λϣΣ
Ȼ֮½ҲУ̫ʼȫͬǣ̫ʼŵһ˲֪£ӽȫţ½ȴˣ½ҳϼ֮ˣ֪£ҵڣǶԸ黹֮
ȻЩ̫꣬ʼŵ汱£ʵ½ҵҰģ̫ʼŸ࣬½ˣɲ⣬һҪ̫ʼ֮ϣȫ뱱ϵ
ԴӺǰʼ½ҾͰڸۼ֮һǽȫ֮½֮£˳ӿ룬ЧҲԶ׼ģǵٶȼӿ࣬ǵһǧ
ڣȴҪǽЩõĺô־ֹ黹ˣܹģ
½½ˣʱ޿̲гһգܹһ̤붴ڣǿ֮УڶǶԣȴǳ谭


0819 ֮
գԽԽ̣½ɫЩ԰ףʱ֪˵ʲôԱ½º½嶼üͷ˺һ½ԪСڵһ²һ£ҪȻȽ֮ø˰ɡ
Ŵԣ±˶СȫĿ½忴ȥֻ½üδ̻½ԪĻȻû̻ػǶԥǣȻԥǣǶǲԸ黹֮
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ֻڰУѸ磬һһΣױܿ½µ顣
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ʧ֮±еӽȻһ¶֮ɫǴУ֮ͨ
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ʹ˿ԶԶ⣬ӰַΧһɲǣҲסһ㣬޷
ӰµһУ˿ʱ䶼·𱻽ˣӰһˣֻ¡һǧӰֱӶȥͬ±һɽͷҲС
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У̳ɢȥ±߹㳡ϣԾδعһɽͷϣûа㶯˵ѱס


0820 ֮
ߡΪʲô£Ҳˡ
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˿±˶סˣ֮칲һʮأҪȻҪȽ֮ʮأǧ½û˽֮ʮعʮضǳѣû뵽ϡѽ֮ʮ۷ˣ
Ǹ𾪣½ԪһڳҲѲ˺Ȼ֮ɫû뵽ϾȻȻѽ֮ʮأһܽת
Ʋ㷭ӿֹһɲǣѾܵһɼǿϢָоĪЩϤ˵꣬ȥ½Ѱҷɣ֮ǴڕDȣѾõɣ֮ȥʱȴȻһӡ
ʱӵΪ̫̫߳࣬ǵΪ֮£ûκʤԣԡ㡱ݺ͵ϮһӣԽӵɼˣǴҲܼشˣȻϻߣʱա
ʱ½壬һֵʱƵĸоȴѾûнˡ
˼֮ʣ½һƴ˹һƼȿͣؼʱѪ½ܣҲһѪɫâ
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һ죬Բʮɽʱһ½ɽׯ͵ҡżǿķ󷨣ҲǿҪһ
ֻУ½һ˳ȥѳһâĹŽ˫ģ±˵Ľһ̶סһɵµĽ֮
Ǹղһ˲䣬˵۹½Ȼе۹½ֵһ£Ǳ½һƸ˳ȥ֪ʱ½ĹѾ˺εȵز
һɽϣƽϢԶ½壬½ҵȻҲ֮Ӳʵ֮ߡ
˼Բ֮ʣ½ȻѪһ˲乥˹һεĹƸͣδƷһ֣еϢЩʯǲ˿
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½һƴױȵƣ̩ɽ㵹Ʋ裬ǰɽ壬ʱ飬һʱ֮䣬ΨɳϣɢأľĿһƣɳ֮УȴӰĪǾһƴ


0821 ֮
Ͽɳɢȴѳһɽͷ˾֮࣬ٶ֮죿
ʵϣʱҲڰ̾źգѽɲղҲӲһƣʹΪֽһƺڣҪӲôֲһƣ㲻شҲؽĽԪ
СӣٶȺܿ죬ٽһУ
ֻ½ɫ˪ֻ۾ѾЩѪ죬ϵѪҲԽԽأ˾ǺȻ߻ħһ㣬½ҵӸŵɫɷס
ͻȻ䣬Ѫ½Ϸ𣬽ţҲѪ֮УȻϮ
֪սգ濴ƷƵȴ˿Ҵ⣬ԼɱֻýɲʩչޣƮһδαܿ½ǿµĹơ
ܿ죬ɽͷѱ飬ǿϢƽٿ½壬ϵѪѱüأѪ˳
ڵӼ״½Ԫͼλϸǰٽ֮תȥƱ߻ħӴ˶ħ

Ȼ֮䣬½һ㣬ֹͣת澭ע룬ʹתøӷһɿֲʱַԲʮ
һ˲䣬½ĹǿȻֱƶڵߣѪ죬˲ϢѳһΣǰҶסˣٶ㿪ֻýޣһ½ʮơʩչ˳
Ƴ˲䣬ر쪣ǧĪޣİĲĪ˼
һ˲䣬˲֪ΪΣ·ͬʱ޾ı֮УкȻ˵࣬ߵķǱһʱҡ
½Ҳûܱ⣬һ֣֮£ʱңԭƼǿһƣһ̣ǻȥ
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ԣʱøضɽҡ˵ϳɽˣʮ֮⣬ȴһرһ࣬
Ȼ˿̣½Ѿңȴ֪һ˲䣬лʲôʹ࣬ҲޣҲѹʵĺ
㯣ɱһ֣ٲɣ˲߶ȫԪڵ۹֮ϣһ½ȥһɲǣ߳ʱƾ䣬ʧɫٲȻǵؤʽġؽ
˽ʩչ֮ʱȼԪʶ߸ͣÿÿƱؾ춯أ
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ȻҲ˵һŽĵؽ˲ȼԪͬʱ̫ž۹޶ڵΪֵܹס
ͣ
ֻһ죬жʱѪɽһ½㻤һض
ۣ
½ܴأʱһѪ±½º½붼ˣһ˿ֲʧɫǱһеĻ³

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һ˲֮ʣ½Ȼһæֻ֮ǿԪ顱һȴ½һƴһˣʱһһѪӿ֮ʣȴǿиȥ
Ȼ½Ҳһƴ˼ɫӲҰףѪϴӿȻղƴһƸˡ
Сӡɣ
Ȼ䣬½ü£ϵѪԽԽأһ˿˿У±½ԪȻһˣģ߻ħˡ
һģ߻ħ˸֣λϸ˲ɫϣԽԽܼ
һɲǣ½˫һ½ɽׯڵɽȻ½ɽׯ𵴵ʮͣһЩʧ޵Ľֱӱˣڵصףһɼǿ½ۼȥ
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⣡
½Ԫһ˲䷴Ӧ˹ϴ˿̾Ȼڶ½ҵ˿ڲϽ½Ԫɹȥ
νͬһȡҶɷľɾһԪһһ۶ɣһˣ˥ʱ˥˾óȻá
Ȼ˿̣½ǿתֱ֮һشѾʧʱȻѾ߻ħȻڲϽ½ҵԪɹȥ
󡭡ϣְͣͣ
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һ̣½ˣһִͷĸоóȻؽ£
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һȣ½ɰ˷Ԫһ˲䱩һɿֲʱɽҡ
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ľ̳ϣһΣǿУ˲˲ȥ˿ֲϱµ飬ûκֵܹסؽ֮»촷ۣ
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˿̣˶Ϣ̳ɢȥһ̣̳棬ԼԼһӰ
ǵӰһţ·ͳ˶̶һʧˣһԼǷ񿴻ˣ̳ȫɢ֮ʱֻУ۹½ǰ˿δˣոһԼԼĺӰ󡭡
ôܡ
½¶ɫܣ½֮ԴӵΪܳܵסղһ˵ӳܲסǵ˶ڵߣҲδոһ֮ȫˣӣǺδôܣ


0822 ꣡
ôܡ
Ȼʮֱ䣬һ˲䣬ĵһԪȫһδ壬˲Ϣ½ǰ͡һһѪڡ

½˫סѪϴָӿδӦʩչ｣ġ֮䣬ѴʮҪ
ϣ
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󡭡ϡ
ڵŵĵѣɫŴϱһնȥ׼ȥ
Ϊ½ȵزôȥȻȥԪȴڣǰУһ±һӰ½Ԫ
СӣϷض
½ԪߣϺڣȥ쳣£±ߵǶɫɷףȫȻû֮»ݱأϵȥˣ
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Ȼһɫֱ½Ԫȥ
꣬Ҳҷ
½һ𣬶ʱɢӵĺɫһ̣ȴûϵ˲ǰ

һ£һɲǣƴʧɫ·һ˲ԪϣԪֻԶħ֮ӰɫĻһ˲½Ԫȥ
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±˴ʧɫֻ£ԪסˣǺȿֲ֮

½岻ϽŤʮֿ£ȻǵڕDʱɱȣֻؽǿ½ѵõĿ֮£Ԫһ˲ʧˣԪ֮С
СӣϷ֮գ㡭½ǿֲԾɻص֮䣬˲
ֻϧûлˡ
񵭵һ˵ָ꣬һüĵȥһӡ룬׽½Ԫˡ
ĺƽɢȥã½ɽׯЩӣجһ½ԪҲԭأһ׹Ԩֻеһ䣬ϴӱϮ
濴ȥĿ⣬ڤﴫһҶ֣Ҫɱǣֱ練ơ
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䵭½ԪžѹԥƬ̷̣˫ֲסӡʩ½ɽµ֮һʱ䣬ɽҡֹ
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½ǰɺӰԶȥķ£վԭأҶһ£Ȼ֪ΪηŹǣ֪澳һƽˡ

ĺɫʱһľɽɫʮɷףѰһɽ˹Ϣָɫ
½սɣʵȴǾ֣Ǻ½½֮һ֮£Ϊشȴû뵽۹½һ¡
˿̣۹ȡһؿŽǵѪۣѵǵ۹½ˣ
˶˵۹ǲ֮³һε۹֮Դ˽أԲڽһѪۡ
ôĳڵѾˡ
ŽǵѪۣһ󽫵۹ӣǵһŵĺ
˹ȣǣʬħտԣ໹һʱ䣬ʬħͻȫΣʱؽ
һꡭ
ԽԽӣ뵱˵Ķʮ֮ڣҲֻʣһʱˣ벻ʬħ֮ɺϣʱɡ
ʱȥ죬첻֪ô̫ʼź½һ£ȥв˶ڲ²⣬˱£ɱ̫ʼһλ̫ϣ½λΪɲļϡ
Ȼ֪Ѿ洫÷зʱָϣմɽ߳Ȼ˹ȿһ޵Ϣ
ʲôˣ
䣬Źȿڵķ򣬾ʱǱߺȻһƮ
һ벻㱾֮󣬲Ŷ̶̼գɱӺ½壬Ȱһ䣬ˣ죬澳ɽһǡŶˣҪ㿴
֮һȻ˽һӣʱϳ

ǰЩյʱõԤУһɲǣ񣬷ƽ
ǹ˵ЦڻǰȫֻΪ¯ǾͲˡ
ȥ߱磬ĳܿͻһͷĳѪϴ㱱һϡ


0823 ˫
ģһ˵һЦλһ˵꣬Ҳûκ
ǵķżһССľżȴ̵Ԫһֻʱδżòˣȴû뵽ԭһֱߡ
Ȼ䣬Ժֻ˵ȥ½һĻĻѾȥʮˣ˿̣·һ㣬һĿ
Ю뿪ˣֵ׷ɱȥDȣشǶʱ䣬ðճȥҩҩ
ħڣΧɱһһСħڣʱ֮Ʈ˰ʱ䣬Ҫ֮ʱȴȻˣ¸ϣ
һеһУ·һ㡣
ΪͻȻԪȥ£б֪ˣ뿪½ʱȥ޿ȥ֮ضͶ·ˣŻԪȴû뵽òƯˣȴȵǣץȥ
ֻΨһ벻ף֪ģ㱱鵽ȥ½֪Ĺϵδ붼֪ˣ֪ġ
ķżżдķԪûκ˷ƵˣȻڱˣЩ鷳ˡ
ҪôǰδҪô취ͻƣΣȻ޵ȻΪն뽫ס
ǡȥĻԱЩ˵ԣ˿ϧһŮӣֻܲĥ
ȥˣѾ޵ȻҪȥźԶȴ˱˳£һ޷ͻĽᡣ
ʮԽñ䣬ò֮£һطůģȻ޹ط¡

һպĳص֮Уڹ߻谵ʯ̨һӰ˫ĿգżɫĻǱ硣
ʱȻһĽŲ˴صˣȻǱ״ӡ
ʦ𡭡
ֻһźɫѵ˽粢δֻۣʵΣѰס
˹ֵʦѾףȻԣǸŮӣ˵ڣ֮ڣض˫Ǿˡ
á
Ȼ۾һɲǣֻ˫ĻһţԨһĺ䡣
ǺЦϲʦ𣡡

΢΢ףʮֺ䣬֮Ļ䵭ص˵Ӻ½壬ˡ
ȷʵˡӵ˵ͷ۲űϵı仯
ߣ
һߣɫ䲢Ե⣬ֻصҲãΪˣŻԸ˫ǣһΣұضҪѷɡ
ֻ쳣ĺ䣬ܿ죬үү㱨ˡ
ЦЦ˸ƣʦ롣

Ծɫ˪ȥ棬ȴһɽ壬ɽ֮£Ʋ죬澹һʮֺֻĴǣԶ½һССɽׯɱȡ
˳Ϊ˫ǣǱУһ֧˫һ
˫ﲢǾǱҵˣҲŲ澳ߣЩһ´÷з˶е棬һˣⷽԲ뱱ΪС
˿̣ƮµĴǣϲŽû˸ոı˪ʵ⣬ǼϼһϢ𣿡
ʦǰյλʦĴѶ˵ǵʱС˵
ߣʱ
ɫһֱЩˣ£Ȼ֪ͨĳϣҲ֪Ǽ˰Ͳʲôӣ֮Ի޷һˣϾСо
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Ȼֻǡֹȥֻʲô
ֻ룬СӲǵꡭ
˵꣬һߴϣΣҶҪɱˣҲߣ
˿̱¶м飬ȴɲزס˲ɵ֮ɫ

ҹĻȻ٣ʱ˫ĳһƬʪĻ֮Уеˮ
λ˫ǵĵص棬ʮĽƴѹûܹӳȥҲûܹ˾ߣٹȥǧûС
˿ڳʪƻ谵ֻһ˵˵ڵµڰǲ㣬ǰֹؽȥһķˣȫɱҵ˿ţǶȥ
ꡭ˵˵Ǹˣÿˮˡ
ˣ˹صǱˣصڰ˲㣬Ҫ𡭡
˵ʱǰȻһӰ谵ĵƻ£һɫȹϸ˼ãֻɫȴ˪òʱȴЫһ㣬˿ֻеһɲ
ʱæÿͷΡΡġС㡣
ŮӿҲδһֱۣǰȥǶ˻һʱ̧ͷǰԸκȥ

ŮӺȻͣ˽ŲתͷһɲǣĿƶһ㣬Ƕ˵ʱ׹ѣҲҶһ䡣
ߡ
Ůһߣһ䣬ǰȥˡ
Σ¹оŲ㣬ÿһ㶼ѺŲͬķˣÿһ㣬ƾԽǿֲһûһߵΪ³
˵ڰ˲ʱͨѾ࣬Ҳһܲ͸ʯ˿һʯ⣬ֻŰ˸ˣЩ䣬ǱҵľӢӡ
ġС㣡
ŮӺȻ˹ǰ˲֪ΪΣĪеһк
Ůյʯſһۣص棿
ǡǡ
Ϊ˵˵ͷɫԵЩŮʯſʱ΢΢һ̧ͷæ˵С㲻ɣʦԸסС֮ǰŮĲκˡ

ŮʱȥĿ⣬Ƕ˻һ֧֧˵ˣԱһԻ飬æȥʯŴ򿪣ЦС㣬롭
ߣ
ǺŮһ䣬ǰǶһۣʯȥ֮漸æ˴˵˵ɫֽʯŹˡ
ડડડ
ĽŲصʯһѹֵĸоʱһʯ̨ϣֻһˣ˵ͷ˫ֱţǱˣǧ䡣


0824 
߽ĽŲģ̌ͷǰ߽ıŮӣﲢţ˵Ƕӣ㽫ץΪЮ壬ֻϧǴˣҵġ
졣
Ů䣬һ죬סĺһ㣬俴֪˭𡭡
ߡǧһЦмЩ˶㣬ȻǱҵǧСˡ

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ʯ棬ǧһѪ˳ֻһЦ̧ͷޡһ˱ϡ
ˡŭɶһƺݺݴϣֻ۾˶ҹǡ
ǧһЦȫ⣬Ҫɱ㣬һֻףб£ɱҰ
ʱ˫۾粻˸ԭΪǸŮӣû뵽Ǵ̵ǾޱΪҲ𡭡
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ǧǺݺݵصϾ˿־֮ɫҲûУŻסĴˣΪɱˣȥˣɱ˵Ϊһ·˵׷ɱһŮӣˣΨеߵʱŻ¶һ棬ڣ˭ǿ
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䣬ȻȡһֻɫСǶܺƣһƹ̣滺ð
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һЦǹƶ򿪣ֻĹƳʱһ˲䣬ǧɫЩˡ
Цô֪˵һеµġ
һ˵ָֻ꣬һǧһһϸϸḷ́˲䵽ǧ䲱ϣһ˽ȥ

ǧ䷢һƺߣ亹ؿű磺ЩСӣҲƣûмĹơ
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һ˵꣬罫ƶһЦתȥˣֱúʯָһĳţֻǽǵĵˮİһ
ǧɫȻЩɷףͷӡǧҪ
ұȻѾ޵ԼΪնͶ
˿̣ǳìܣһϣҪ˱ҵļơһ棬ȴ뿴޹ط绨ѩ£Ҳ˵ںģͬ

֮˫ɷƽ˾˿û֮ǰ̫ʼź½ɽ¥գһЩ¥еſڣǳﲻ
ȻԽƽˮ棬Խǰӿҹɫ֮ʱѾװǱ˹ؽǧ¼Ρ
ʵҹʱѾǱ˫ˣֻڼ䣬ҪŪںδԼǵĲƣΪ˱ܵ˺ǱתƣֻѡǱȥ
Ȼ֪鲻ô򵥣ǣǱƺһУЩ˳ͷˡ
Ƭ̺ѾϢ˹ؽʯһʱ˸ҵĵ˹ȥ
ʯǰһʯţʯ棬ǧ춯һ̧ͷԺѻʱĳǴ˿ۼ֮һˡ
һԲֱ˽ȥָһ顱նסǧֻеһǰȥֽס統꣬òһҲδ䣬ȴͷ׷ˡ
ӡ
ǧ˫һˮܴ˿һԲʶǸһΣдˡ


0825 

˿̣һ˲䣬·ֻص˵꣬ȥ½ȥѰɣ֮ħڣ
ǸʱûоʮǰһʣûгΪ֮ûڵ飬һУδ䣬ȴ·ֶˡ
ģֻ˫ۣ統һ
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ʱǧžѹԼΪգΣ˿̱Ȼѳڷˡ
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ӡ
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ֱڣŷ֣Ϊߣʮǰ̫࣬飬ٴμǰʱǻ¶һ棬ֻҪԷˣʲôҲˡ
ΪԪ򡣡ʵ
ҡҡ
ǧͷ֧˰죬ǽ½˵˳ҡɱ˵Ϊ׷ɱûеطȥˡ
Ȼ̧ͷ濴һۣ˵ӣΣգΪնǰǿ뿪
޷˵ꡣ
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0826 ھŲ
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0827 
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0828 þ
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0829 ˫
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ǺǺǣˣȻܹҵ˫
ʱ֪Ȼصʱɫһֽǧ令󣬵ȴ֪Ǵĸηǰڴˣһ



0830 ھŲ
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ϣЦЦǧ俴ȥλµѡ
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ЦЦ˵Сֵܻһ׵ı£ƣĿǰȴСƳġ
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˼ͷص׵˫þд˿̽ҵķӡԼķؽƴԴص׵˫
˵ҪƳþԼĽ󷨣ֻһ취Ǿƻ˫ǵһˡ
ǧͷ̧ͷǣβܽƻ
ߡ
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ǧͷһ˲䣬̻Ȼһ̧ͷһ˿΢΢ɫѵǴ㡭
Ǻǣ
棬ȻЦŪһǽ棬ȴҲ벻ǵجˡ


0831 
һ£ǧ䳹˹˫þ֮£δزܽΪãЩˣҲ벻ġ
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ԭˣˣ
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ʱȴü΢СֵĪǻʲôǣ
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չüͷصֻ룬Ҫ˫ǵҲһУĳͻڼ䣬˺ȻֻǡЩ鷳
һ˵ǧЦҲʧˣƺҲǸ⣬ʱӴĹؼʱ̣ܲôţһ˺ȻϮֻԼȥֵˡ
ûû¡
뵽˴ģ̌ͷʱֻͻΪϮ湫ӵš
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ǧͷĬˣ֪ԼΪЩ̫飬ΪǲÿһΣֻۡ

˫΢У˵ͷĿһǧϣƹһɻһϰ֮ˣ
ǰ
ǧһ̧ͷЩŵǰͷ֮ˣȷʵǧҵڹķǧ
ô˿ǰλǰ˿ܽȴһۿˣǾֻһܣλǰѧ֮ϵ輫ߣԼܱȡ
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ǧ귽ţױѧϰ˺üʱ䣬ȻѲȻܹãһһ䣬ǵ׵˵Ǽֲͬ˳֮
ǰ߼
Ȼ˼ǧعǰ˼֪ǰкηԸ

΢΢ףȻ΢ȴΪģһʮصڹķҴϺ£֡
ǰ
ǧ䲻һ֪ʲôͷһЦֻ˵һΪϣȴδ˵һҲˣΣҽ𣿡
ԭˡ
վһԣǧ䣺ǰѧϵ裬ĪĻԵлǰ
ǧŻȻŹһݣлǰ

΢΢ͷ˫һ˵׼ˣǰĳҪһ¹ֻǹĳҲǳܳܣǳܲסþϵ³
ǰģܹ
ǧ䲻ԥǰ̤ǧֻţһضǧһڹķҪǿٺò
á
ٴεͷֵСѻһرܡ
ԥ˫ָһ㣬һʯȥ֮󣬹治У侹Ĺ䡣
Źκɼ䲻ܺ绽ɱأɽҲֻǻ֮飬޳Ǳϵ񣬶η֡
棬ǧ˫΢̧˵Դһ̤һɼǿǲƣֱһ·ĵ棬Ҳ÷飬һʱ䣬ɰʯ죡
ǧ׼ʱһ½ǧת塣

̤ڶţʱɽѣ̳죬һεǿǧס˺ǵͨ죬ǧת˼¡
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һ̧һߣԵֵǿֲ磬ȵľʯȴһ˲仯촷ۣвǿֻǴʱͷųֻѾǿȫʢʱڣܹ׼ʥǿһ°ɡ
Ȼɵܱ֮ǿκܼʹľʮָͰԵĹȣѷһ
ǹѧǰ½մ۽硣˫һ㣬ַɻǰߣĹɫɵص
ߡ
ЦһȥûмĹ䡣
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ȤǿԼľЩֵסⶼĹ䣬ʲô㣿
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Ŷ
΢΢һң
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ʱǧҲƽϢӵվ𣬿ŹĪǹǰǰܸǸˡ

˵ͷһУֻһУҾͰˡ
һС
ǧ䲻ɫ΢΢һ䣬ԭΪ˫ضǶϰУչǰŲУһоͰˣ䵱˳뻯֮
˺һǧع˵ܹһа˹ǰˣһλǰɣǰҲ

ҡҡͷһ̣ԭ۾ȻЩһֻ꣬жʮꡭ


0832 
ʲô
һ£ǧɫȻ䣬ʮ꣬ôܣеţжʮģ
˿̣ɫҲ𽥱ʮ꣬Ϊ黯Ǻˡ
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˫һһ֮ǰ˵ʮʥʱ˵ʮʥ澳ǧǰʮʥʱ֪ΪΣʮȫʥʧܣʵý˿̹˵ʮʥӦ澳ʮʥˡ
ֻû뵽Ŷʮ꣬ʵȻѾﵽ׼ʥ䣬ǿʵ󡭡
ǰˡʲô֣
硣
硭
֣Ҳ֪ΪΣƽУǺȻһ˿
𻺻ص磬֣ԼȡֻԸһƣҵ֮Уӣ֮κΡ
˫üһ壺ǰγԣ
ҡͷ̾һգѳ˰
ʲô
һأǧ䣬Ҳɵɫһ૵ص˾ţѳңѳ֮ȥأ

һ˵ţһ߻䣬ҲԱţֻ𻺻о˳ɾͣһȴǲʮֿ׸ĸ˫Ҳҵʲôӣˣ츳ߣҲֻһҴԺӵСӣ۸
֪ΪΣ˿˵Щ飬Удһּ֮ѳңΪʶһˡ
Ϊˡ

˵ͷ˵ȴȫͬռҵǧС㣬ռμŮݺ֮ߡ
˴üͷһ壺λյС㣬ǿĳ

𲻶ҡͷ᲻ûпĳ˰Ľ֮飬츳䲻Ҳߣһ𣬿˵֮ϣҿΨᣬҲΨ磬ֻǡ
ֻʲô˫ü΢׷ʵ

ֳ̾ʱռͬŻ£ռҲͬ⣬ҲǼԣʱŹ棬Щ
ʲô
ǧɫһ䣬·ڸոգһ¼Ƶ£૵ѵΪϲһˣҪһһ𣬾Ҫ𣿶ǧһľţ⣬ӹأ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷ֪ռңҲ̫ǲ֮ҲгΪ֪ģƫƫǲռѪ֮ˣܼ޵ңѪ֮ˣҲȢռѪ֮ˣ֮Ȼ
⡭Ǹʲô
֮ǧһȻȫ֪ǸʲôأѵʲôңĪ
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ѳңһȥռң˳ģ󣬻ҵҵˣʱ׷ɱ˵ģʮʥĸ֣бҵģĪҵġ
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˭ء
ҡͷ֮̾Ĺϵһֱʮ΢ǱͲ澳ˣ֪֮£
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ʲô
ǧһãع૵ǡǶˣգա
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һλʥǿ֣߳ʮ׼ʥҲ֣Ƕˡһˡ
ָһ̲֪ΪΣ˵仰ʱģ·ȫѪ˲һʹࡣ
ˡ
ǧҲȻһף૵صǶˣǶֻǱ˴ϲѣʲôΪʲôҪʥˣʥ˲Ӧ֮ˮ𣿲ӦðΪʲôΪʲôҪɱǡ
ʥˣʥˡʥ˲ʣ԰Ϊۻ
֪ΪΣȻЦǧһһμЦΪδʱЦݣ˱ˣ顭
ӣ㣬ôˡ
ǧСؿ˹ȥƽһ̵Ŀ⣬ȻΪС֮º󣬴֮

עزʣΪۻʥ˲ʣ԰Ϊۻԡ¾¡ڵ¾Уʥ˲ʣ԰Ϊۻ仰ԭ⣬Ǵʱ˼λĶʱעһ£Ҫ仰ԭˡ


0833 ˫֮
˿̣תķʹѾȫƽǰˣֻ뵽뵽Ҳһˣ£ݲ
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һЦҲټȥˣǧʱվԱߣһһղŵǾ仰ǸˣŬҪˣҲҪȵ𡭡
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һҡͷ澳棬ص֮һ˵ҴȻҲֻǴ˵ڱʲôˣҲû֪
лǰ֪
ˣžԪţֻŸҪ࣬ʵΣȻӹɡ
ˣŵ𶯣ѾЩ˵ľСѿȥˣĳϢ
һ߻˵ţһ߱۾
ߡ
Ҳԥǧ俴˿ǰȥˣǰ治֪ǺδþУֻǵƫͣѰһɽȻɽ沼һЩ棬˷ܰ˹
ԼʱһɽϷȵײ͸ʹĸӦ绨δ룬ʱҲܹĸӦ棬Ӧ˫֮Ļ۴ˡ
þ֮УаٴΪ飬һΪʵˡ
ǧ˵ţԵȥӡȥ𣿡

΢΢ͷԥɽһԾֻеһƬ̼䣬ȵס
ǧҲŷ⸽۲һɽȵ˴Ӧ˫֮ĵط
ҵһɽɽ沼ػƣ붴Уǧȥ׭ǲУԴ˷Ļ𣬻ֵܵƬ̡
ǧķ׭˵ͷԣոչʹġǧֱͻ˵أٽԼһ죬Ϻ£֡
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֮ǰںһƺΪԼܹȫ˫ҪͻڣҲûпܡ
ԼһʱѱϣȻ䣬ֻ˫һ̧ڵ֮˿˿תϢоĹ˲Ժ֮Уʹɽʱصһɼǿӿ
ɽ棬ǧ΢΢һʱܹԸоڲһɼǿڲӿ˫ǵ֮ɹˡ
һˣ۶ɣҲ˵Ѱ֮˼ѰٵĳǻԵɺ֮ѰٵˣҲûа취ȥá
βԵɺ֮Ѱٵ˱һоΪãԴ֮ʹΪͻƣǱҲ벻ġ
ʱ֮ɽԽԽӿȣɽȶɽ棬ֻϥĿתϢһ㣬ɽӳյø
ǧ֪ĹؼʱڣʱȥţֻܽԴ˵ǿٴνɽĽƻǿһ¡
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еɻ󲻽⣬Ϊ˫ǵͻȻʼʧĪǾǱߵ󷨣̶ôһĹϵãȴ˫ǵص˫⡣
ҵĵӸǻ̻̲˫ǵֻǸеΧڿʧȴܹԸоĹҲڻʧţ·ˣڲ˥š
ˡ
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ˡ
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£Ҳ˲ôˣֻܱס˵ʧһζ
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0834 
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˫˱˴˶һۣ΢΢ͷԥзһɨ˲仯âȥˡ
Ȼȵ˵ھŲĶʱǻþԼǣһʱƬҲҲģֻ˳ķϸѰҡ
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һ̣߶۾¶ɫһ⣬ڳ붴ڣ
˽Բţѵ˫վ붴ˣ˫нǧ겻ڸ֣ѵѵգ붴ˣ
쿴ǾǶ˫붴ˣֲȶԭˣ
˶棬ʼĽţ˷ܣһǳĴֱʵ⣬˵˷ܣҲг羴Ļһڴ
˫ж겻ǿߣպȻһȻ˷ܣ˿󣬾ͷ·ڸǣѲ˫ǵĴ˵Ҳл붴ڣ
Ȼ֪˿̵ʵΨǱߣɫŵųĴǵ⣬һ̣Ȼһִͷĸо
ôܡôܣСӡСѵѾͻˡܣܡ
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Ҳ侲ɫȻЩɷף˵ûǱش˴ȷ˫λҵɡ
˵֮ʱԭգȻ֣һɰϢ򱱶ó˽һϣϢǣ
ǶȻһڣҲɫϢϵˣ
˾֮ʣϺȻһڴˡұ
ص˫УȻȴֻκ˵ȻӼԶĵط


0835 ˫
߷ŻԵΪ˷ܣһ̣Ǹɫ仰ʲô˼
ɫұ䣬Ѿü֪ˣҲѹ֣Զ˫ģվڱϵֳôĶЩ᲻֪ô졭
ʱڶ棬һֱӴУʱһϣЩ
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ǧɫһոǸÿ£ܴ͸ƣֱصĪǱҵĸ
˵һ飬ֹͣ˹̤붴ڣ֮ڣϷҲضȫΪ
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ۼдǧȫһȥͼס

䣬ǻǧȫ𣬵ʱһѪӿȥײ˶ڵʯϡ
ÿ㲻Ķ֣
洫ǧؿڣɫɷ׵ǹͻڼʱܡ
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ˡ
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糤أԱߵʦܴǰϢдǶһ⸽ǿĳֻˣ취󡭡
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ӡ
ǧתɽ￴һۣʱĹؼʱڣȥţֻ취Ӧˡ
ۼԽԽҵ˻ڣԶ˵ΪҪǿҲֻǶ̶Ƭ̶ѡ
ǧüͷ˿ˣ˼ˣԥ˫΢һӡһƵʱǻƮȥ
Ǻ󣬵ʱˣڶԣ糤϶Ȼһʦܡģδ䣬һɨʱʦԵĹɢ
ʦ֡ÿ
ʱ糤Ҳ˹ȣƳһҲǹɢˣȻڹɢȥһ̣˶ߣȻŮӵЦ֮
ЦǣִһЩ֮ϵʱһСӵĻĻû뵽һӾ֮ʵ󡭡
ڶ˾֮ʣܺȻŮӣЩŮӸ欣ϾǲŴƣѪŵĻ棬λ޶ĳμãʱͨ죬ңѪӿֹ
ǺǺǡϣǺǺǡ
һ֮λϸĿɿڴۼƳЩ㯣ЩŮȥԱ߷糤ɫһһذϣʦܣ
Ƴžѹ亹糤ջƣ۾ס˫ֲֻϽӡдʣɫĿä˶ǰûƤˡƣ
һơֵֻ˫һӡɳ쪣ʱǰŮ
ա
Ƴһ亹ɫЩ΢΢ףû뵽СӣȻаֻ֮²֪˶캦֮¡
ɽǰ棬ǧɫҲ΢΢һףˣûϵǴµߣо˸ߣ˿Ҳû
ֻ˫ٴνӡһǻȥǻʱһɽо󣬾ʱڵɽһģһ

Ƴһ¿ǶоҪȥ糤ֽһʦ
ڸղ֮У˱ʮСģɽʱ俪ڣǰһɱ⣡

ɫһ糤ϵȷ˹ȥɨһȥϷȥʱӰȴ˲ʧˣһѪƣ顱һش˷糤ؿϣһ֮һԪ壬ֻϡ
ʦ֣
Ƴɫһ䣬˲ʦַסû뵽ǰǻ󣬾ĻһУʵ
޷һЩ
糤ϸոһɫЩ΢΢ףʱƽϢ˵֮УһΪ飬һΪʵʵ֮ѱ棬ִ̫ǰ
ŴԣƳƺһʲô˱˴˶һۣ˵ͷͬʱۣĹ۶֮飬ϳǰ
⡭
ǧʱһ̫ҪĻ󣬾ô΢΢һ˲䣬ƽĺ棬һ˿΢ʹ÷ƶˣһҵһʵ
ԭڴˣ
ͬʱ۾һɽߴʱ˻ǧ󵹷˳ȥ
ԭŮ
Ƴ϶һƣһò˵Ůӣֻǻķĺһףʱɳһɫĺ«ƶգ
Ż䣬Ǻ«Ŵ࣬һճҪǧսȥʱֻһ𣬽һ˳顱һǺ«ճĺɢˡ
вףȥ򡭡ɢ
һӶд׹ѣƶ˽һһɲǣֻİĶУƵĿ


0836 ֮
һУ˷·ͬʱ׹׵ĺ̶Ҳǻˣ糤ϻ򶨣ǰһ̤еһ£Թǿ󲻵ã֪СΪڴ˶˫ǵ
Ŷ
ٴδ䵭磬ûиԭί
Сʲô˼
ƶɫһ֮ǰֻǣ˶˫ǵȴδ˵ǵıˣû˵ǧץһ¡
ˡ
ɽ棬صˣлмĳɱǣȥɡ
㡭
˵Ȼǽ˲ãƳҶ˼˫ǵĳϣ޿˶˫ǵСҲףٲͣ£ݹҶ˲ˣ
ɽ棬亹乣Ĺؼʱ̣ҪֿǸ˵»ҪӦˣȥѱʱ򲻵һ񣬻˼ΪԪܵش
Ҫǣһ߻ħʱʬħͻȻѹ˵ǲ롣
ڣǧϢƽ֪ʱܲôţ俴ˣӰǣ˴أκҲ
һ˵ֻ꣬һߣȴͬʱת̫϶ʱƣ˫Ҳ𽥱Ѫ죬ʮָָףһ³࣬ȾѪһ졣
Ůң
Ƴһɨȥڸʱɳʯһɰֱǧȥ
ۼԷͣǧ䲻ӲУһΣһǰ֮ȥ
ʦܵģ
糤˲ϢƳԣзһɨȥǧǼ⣬һƿǰؽ֮һǧ乥
飡
ǧܲһƴУʱֻеؿھһʹҺй壬ֻһ֮ش
ɽ棬ɫɷףͻƵĹؼ̣֮ʱȴͻ䣬⽥ңԺһʦӰһֳǧѵӰӣһֿδɱһֻص˵֮¡ֻҵ˼ҡ

ʱ˫ǣδɢڸոǲ֪δֿʼЩֿ̻̿
ǱߣȻ֧ŷش󣬸ɫЩҰףѵ˫ˣûҵС

ʱص׺ȻһЦ˸һ𣬱ɫҰףԺһ»ʮǰһĻ
ˣǸˣ
ɫұ䣬⸽ǴЦ֮ıӣǶ˻һɫɷ׵վԭأҪʲô֪ˡ
صҪˡ
Ȼɫʱڣ˵ʲôҲûˣֻ󷨣˳

죬ǧܷƶ˵ĹƣЩ֧һѪ˳ϵϢ֮ǰҲѾࡣ
糤üٲÿ³žֻˡ
ô
ǧǰˣȻٽ̫һˣϢʱǿ࣬óǿ֮ĩ
ڤ粻飡ʦŮ˵ô
Ƴɫһ˵꣬ȫϹ֣缲һ³ǧϮ˹
㾢ֱƶǧ֪һҲ㲻ˣ˫һգӣΨһˡ
Ȼ۾֮ͫУֻɫĻõ֣һ˲䣬ܳʰ쵵ĻõĻ֮ݣȫѪԪΪۣ˷þ֮С
֮ݸʩչһ˲䣬һֻȴȻӺ水ϣǿֹͣԪתһɲǣ·ʱҲֹͣһ㡣
飡
ֻһ죬һһƴƳϣʱһѪ󵹷˻ȥ
ӡ
ǧɫɷף̧ͷߵˣԶƶ֮ɫǵӰʱܵǺӰϴĿϢʱ˸ľѣҲͣ˴ָӡ˲Ϣ仯ȥˡ
ӣԲҡ
ǧ֪δͻڣܹһҲͲˡ
ҡҡͷûжԣԪһϣ޸
󣬲Ҫٶøղһˡ
ǧ΢΢һ֪˵֮ݣһʱ֪λش𣬾ʱŲһǿϢתȥʱŵɫһ䣬Ųĵȥ⡭ʲô


0837 
ֻɽǰվһӰ˷ˣƹǹƣ˫Ѫ죬ûһ˿Ϣ·Ծĵؽ飬ʮֲֿ
ú¡
˿ǺӰǧ½壬ԭ½ߵˣѾˣֻһˡ
½½塭
ǧЩ£С߻ߣ½壬ʱܹоõ½壬Ϣǿ꣬£жڵʵ
ԭղţң֪ͻƵˣǿͻƵĻ߻ħ֮ʱȴֺȻһ뵽ʲô½ձãʵȴԶʤӣβ˵˫½ʵ
û뵽Ȼã˵֮½徹Ȼ붴ڳ߲ʵֻǶڵʵȴǲĻ飬˴ĳ˵ҪǿһĶߡ
ûһͻƳɹҲǰֻ̤붴ˣ£û֣汱ˡ
¡
ʱɽȺȻһ𣬲ֹɽȣƺþǧɫ΢΢һ䣺ˣþҪˡ
ߣ
ϣһ´ɽȥ
ȥȹǰ

Ƭֻ֮صǰʯҲѾ𵴲ݣѾѿһ׵Ѻۣ˻ˣЦѾˣǶ˻ߣ
»δлǰҵֵһ
˵ţ֮ǰ֮ʱɷֵѾ޷ģȴǹһ
ǰ뵣ģʱƣ󷨣Ӻܿȥ
ǧһ˵ţһϸѰʯڣʱΧԽԽңþ֮УɽѾʼһþǻδȥǱֽ֮ˣ֮¾ûϴôˡ
ܿ죬Ҳ˰ʯʶϸ۲ʯȻڡ
Լҵÿʯ㣬ʼĲƷģȥȫɢޡ
нѾƳֻпǰԼˡѾȻ޹󷨣˵
λԶһЩ
Ͻ޷ԶͷҲϷһȵϢֱӿɢ˿
ԥƷǧϣһԾǺȥ
Ȱ
Զ֮󣬹һһɼǿɢʱǸһУΪ촷ۣǰͰʯͨͨ˷۳ɢ
ʱüԶҲܸܵõǶڵߣӲҹΪѲȵָ꣬ȫʢʱڣȻҲһλ֣޹ֱ¡
¡¡
þ𵴵ԽԽˣǧɻ˹ǰصϲǰ
ĳһΪʧһкοϲ˰ˣ˿̲˵֮ʱҪˣҾ취뿪
һ˵ţһ̧ͷȥֻȻѺۣԹǰټµľܹ֮ǿг忪þ
ңҲܡ
ǧҲɫЩɷףҡҡͷδָ˹һ˵꣬һʱһ
Ŀ΢΢һһɲǣȻܵɡ֮֮ǿ˵С⡮Ҳס
һλǰҳΪǰһ˵꣬Ԫˣһǻþϴȥ
Ҳԥһͻ֣ں˵֯һƲɵ֣¡һʱǻþˡ
ߣ
һ죬ǧȱڴȥ̤գҲųȥ

˫У𵴲ֹһЩʧ޵Ľڵص֮£Ȼ졣
Ǳߣ˻ڿ֧󷨣Ȼʱɿֲӵص׳¡һʱ󷨣˽󵹷˳ȥ
ţǵص׺Ӱǹǧ䡣
ɫɷףָһһâĳȥ

һ죬һ죬ǵץס˷ĳ䵭磬ڼ˰
㡭
ϲ˺Ȼ֮ɫûͻƳɹôܣôԼô࣬ѣѰ
䵭һӣǳһ·˻ȥ顱һһ½˳ȥ
ʦ𣡡
һסǱĴӣҲסǧˣΪ츳ڷ֮ϡ
˿ԶǸ׷ӣҲ͸һɿ־֮ɫǿһˣٰܼģ
󡭡ס
ɫЩң⸽бҵĸֲ󷨣ʱһӵϣߣҲһ빥ȻʱһӰƾն֣һ½гȫѪ˻ȥڵˡ
ǡǣ
Զ˺Ŀģһϳ½壬½岻ѾСΪδ˿̡ʵ޷ǰһĻ
½ĳ֣˽ԲˣһվԭأǺɣֻҪ̧һ̧֣
һɲǣ֮ܵǰǵϢԼԼڣ˵ز˾תȥ𣬻ôǰǾڴ˴ֱˡ
ҲгһգҵеĴ𰸡Ȼ˵һ仰Աǧ䲻⣬һ£ֵǰڡ
ٻᡣ
һ̧ʱ̤գӱͷ˹ȥһЦ֮Զȥûһ˸ȥ
Ҳˡ
ǧ俴һۣҲһȥˣǰֵ磬ղɱ㣬ˣţ˸ʹ࡭
ֻһӣһ㺮ٿȻʱһʶ˹ֵȻŷ֣㺮⣬Ϯ󡭡

ʶʱȴѾˣֻ͡һһöѪ룬׼Ǹӵüġ
ʦ
Ǻֻһʦ֣һֻѱһ߸ʬҲûκϢˡ

ʱĿѣŰͽʬͷһХݺݵȥıӰ۲Ѫ˿߷·𻹻һ仰ˣţ˸ʹ࡭
һһģϷܴʱһѪ
үүүүʦ֡ʦ֣
ԶһɫӰ˹Ǳ磬ǰһĻ˫ҲʱѪ죬ȥķ򣺡һһҪ


0838 ϵ
ˣĿɿڴˣʱҲԭأ֮ǰ˵֮û뵽֪ˣ
˿˱˴˶ӣнͬ뷨ΣȥǴˣʲôоֻɱ֮Ķ
ڳ棬Ҳһոв˶ߵˣʵǾʲôˣ뱱ԣű棬ɱͽܡ

˵ǧ䣬һĺɫʱѾԶ˫ˣǰһĵɽȣƽ̲ľ֮ϪˮʹĿ
ͣЪɣЩˣӦ׷ٲˡ
֮ͣǰ˫ǵʱ֮Լ뿪ԭ򣬶Ǽɵ֮ǰǸˣ䲻˫ǣΪʵɲ⣬ܵı˵׷ٵ
ӡ
ǧɫЩ԰ףָһϣһ֮̽²֪ԭˣǾ˸ü֮ǰ׷ɱõʲôˣ
ǡϴдңȥץҩǼŷӣҪȻĻҴţŸŲڡǧ˵
ҡҡͷҩ⣬ʲͬ˳̶Ȳ֮ͬ˲ͬͬҩˣҩĻʣû
УС
ǧ˵ͷ

һʱɫѾ˸֣½ҩԾ֮øǧ£һɫ𽥺ת
ЩҩҩԼͣ㲻ҩкͣҷ£ҽշֻ֣Ӵ²
ҡҡ
ǧͷԭЩ׵ӣȻЩ΢΢ˣֲ繫ҽ֪Щҩ䣬ֻϡǵõҼҩԡ
ʱ˵ţҲ˳˼ֻеһɬϮԼҽԼδ붼βã̸ʲôҽ
ҹɫ·˼֣촵ǧ£ؿֻ˿̵ʲô
ãع˵Ϣһҹ뿪

ǧ˵ͷűĴ˯ȥˣԴɱ˵Ϊһ˰ȵ˯ȥ
ڶʱɫֺһЩΪⱻ׷ٵ뿪ˣ죬ÿ˹ˣټЩҩģǧϵƣܿͺ߰˰ˡ
ʱһɽȣţǧȻһƺߣɫҲһºף쳣üʵôˣ
ңҡ
Ȼ䣬ǧֻеȫѵһʹ࣬·ˮ̶һˮ̶ȥ
ֻˮв·־Ҳһ㣬˫ֲץܿץӡ
״֪йŹ֣Ҳ̶ˮȥһ½סôˣ
ңҡ
ǧץʹ࣬ģ·ϻгǧֻڶҧʹ
㵽ôˣ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪ôˣǧʹࣺҡƣơ֮ǰǵиҵС㣬˹ơ
˵
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Һܡ
ԼҲû뵽ǰһֱల£ⶾƾͻȻضǱСڿƶĸơ
취ڵĶƱƳ
˫üֻǧ䱳һ֣ʶڹۣϸ̽죬ȻⶾƾǼϸ΢ʶҲ޷ҳ׼ȷλ
һ֮ǧԽԽʹ࣬ۼͿܲˣü޷ҵڡ
ǧʹ࣬˵ͷ֮ʣҲ˲ôˣѴӼ£ʹ¶˳
Լһ󣬶ѱȫǧȫ㺹죬ҲǺ飬ɫɷ׵صӡô
˫ü΢һЩƶδȫת㽫ƶ

ǧ˵ͷתҴڹķǧ˹𴫵ת׼ڹķѴ֮ˡ
ģƶȫ˳һ̣ϣȴһüֻıϣתȻϸС֣Щ֣ǿѪҺһʹ֮£ֳŵĺ⡣
㱳ôô֣
һʱ֮䣬ô£ֻЩǧת᲻ϱ˳򣬲ϱλãǿȥȴһЩµ֡
ʲô
ǧ䲻֪˵ʲôƺԼҲ֪ԼϵܣϲϱõС֣˵㱳кöС֣仯λá
㡭˵ʲô
һɲǣǧɫ䣬·뵽ʲô
̧ͷЩʲôĪԼ֪
ҡ
ǧɫһ±øӲ԰ˣһˣѵѵ̫¾ǵꡭǵ꽫̫֣ȫӡԼϣԼתǧصֳַ
ֲãֲõΪҶҲ̫¾֪̫¾ԭһֱԼϰ
ֻǵ꣬ˣΪʲôΪʲô
һʱ֮䣬벻ףң亹Σ˺һָѴϣСصллӡ
ʱȻЩ겻ӣ֪ϵ֣ȻϵأʱԸ˵ҲͲˣֻ뿪ڴ˴ƳǺܿҵ

ǧ˵ͷѴã뿪ҹʱһǣ˳ǲ˫СߣʹѾҹ󣬳ﲻ
һջ磬˸Իطǧ佫Ŵ֮һһȥȻߵһͭǰͭһˣתͷȥȻͭ棬ֽһźɫС֡


0839 ǧ
ȻȻ
ž棬ԼһкɫС֣ǧ˫棬ˮˣСʱΪʲôԼôԸϰ䣬ȴӲҪԼϰǧ
ΪֻתǧʱԼϵֳֻЩԼδǧһֱͣСʱżιǰԼܣԶᱻ֡
ǵΪʲôΪʲôҪѵ֪ǧӲѣԲŽ̫ķȫӡԼΪҪ̫Ͼ£ΪΪʲôһеΪʲô
ǧˮԽԽ࣬ģߣȥᣬǾе֣һĵЩȫ¡Ȼ䣬뵽ʲô̹Լüֲͬ˳תǧĪЩ˳򣬱ǽȫȷе˳
˼ˣԥЩͬ˳תǧȻ˳ĲͬЩֿٱλãĴ򣬱򡭡
̫̫࣬ϲȫӡ꣬һ̫õ־ôһЩԵǧұַȫӡıϣȻֻȷ˳תһ̫鶼ֳ
ǧȷ˿ϵЩ֣һ̫飬һֲ©ڴ֮ǰԹ෽ȥҵ¾ڣΪֻϾʱɣֻϾû¾ܹģֻôһ㡭
¾ȴȥķǼѰңȻַܹһ̫ӡԼϣôȻ˻Լ
˿̣Ŭ룬̹ԼÿһԼˣȾƣһվˣԼһȫõȴҪԼҲҪǵô
ǧǷתǧȻϵֿʼˣһβ̫ķһһΣ֣µЩ֣۾һκˡ
㿴Щʱ򣬵Ѿˡ

ǧᣬһ¾ͻ˳ؿǾ棬Լϵ֡
㲻ҪޣڣһɻһУΪʲôڣͰһи㡭
֮ΪΨһܹķ̫ǿ㽫ǧھأҲסһаʽ

ǧ˲ᣬ˵Ǹ˭ѵǵΪ𡭡ԣΪθо˵ǸˣǵΪ
תžбϵ仯ϣֻһ̫飬סΣɽ̫齻ˣεˣͬʱϹ湦㲻ɻķϣһҪȥֻн̫лᱨ𡭡
𡭡
ǧһѵԼĳ˲ǵΪ𣿵ΪԼţӹɣΪ׵ĳˣǵΪ
һ˲䣬ǧ·ʶʲôתʹϵֽűȥһһеı仯׺ԼĻ񣬽ԽԽ䣬ԽԽˡ
ƴҹ̹ǡ

ʱķ¹˽ֻڴ̨ߣһ˶ãƣʱȴһһǽ¡
֪˶ãѾˣӻһöѪ壬Ѫ棬ѪڻʣǴһɱȴ֪ΪΣ·һѪĸо
̼ǵãöѪǵһεʦ׼ɽʱʱʦģҲû˵񵽵ʲô
˿ϸϸ񵽵ʲôΪԼ·ǧ˿Ƶϵ
öѪӦһֱԼ߰ɣֻʱʦȡˣֱɽǴΣʦ½Լ
ѪöѪһйԼ̼ǵü֮ʱöѪ񱣻Զ϶Ƿ
һǺҹգ֮ҹ֪ΪΣе䣬庮䣬ɽ䣬ԪҪ䡭
һ̣Ժﲻֳָˣڶ棬˵ĻʮǰǸˣǸˡ
˼ʼ𽥻ңһɲǣҹգȻеһԵĹµ
ڴ̨վһҹֱڶʱţ֪Ϣˡ
Ƭ̺ķ⣬Ҫ֮ʱš֨ѽһˣֻվűߡ
մһѣһɲǣ覵˫棬ȴȻܵһִδйĺ䣬ֻһ


0840 ׯ
û𣿡
Ȼǵյ飬ϳЩֵֺˣһֱЩ겻ᣬڸոգ۾һµĺ䣬ǰδйġ
ӣô簡
ǧһЦղһ˿䣬ʱѾȫûˣһ̵·ֱǸ
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ѾûˣӲٵġǧǴǳǳЦݣͥԺӭ覡
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ӣʲô졭Щ֡
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һ˵ţһתͥԺȥˣһ̣ȴЩɣضʲô顣
ȥ棬ﻹһ˿ҹ΢ֻϿտյģֻз紵ʱϵҶɳɳ졣
ӣȥģ
ģ̌ͷȥ֮ǰڶ½ǱߣʱʮֹƺЩϰѯ
ҵЩˣӦ׷ٲˡ
ԶֵϣǼͷ·ˣҲȳˣ˵Ӧǣ˿̣㼱ŻȥǲϹŽѾָˣпڣ׼ʥʵ̫ǡ
ӣ
ǧĬСһ¡
عϴ̫ʼź½֮ջˣ֮ɲֹһ㣬ϴȥ˫ǣδ֮ܵĴڣǱ罫֮δˣ
»һЩδҲ֮ұһ
˵ţһҹףѾ뱱һϳΪˣ֮ǲһأ±ûлһˡ
ǧȻҲ˵ָ֮ʲô֮ǰ˫ǵʱһΪ뱱ˣȻǱģ˵֮᲻͸ˣ

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ԭ
ӴʱǧҲһ׹ˣǱô֧羿֮͵һȥˣ

̶һƺѾ⣬Ǳȥˣ˳ǲСʱѾˣˮ˱ȼ࣬ﲻ
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ǧԱߣСʵһ߾Χ˴вδݻװڽϣ벻עⶼѡ

ȵһ֮أͣһɲǣȫԪ֮ʶһɢ˳ȥÿһ¥ջСһݣһУһ˲䣬ǧ˿Ƶʶ֮£κһ䶼Ź
Ϊһνʶõ˼£˵ڻδ붴ڣЩѾ˶ڵߣҲˣ׼ʥӦеʶ
ܿ죬дССõϢռԺ֮С
˵ǰ˫ǳˣ˶ˣҲ˶֣һΣһȥׯɡ
ɱ½ҵĴϣ˵˫Ǽ½壬͸󡭡
˵֮ʲôط
ٹ죬ǱٳˣһΣӦвȥׯףٰɡ
˵꣬ǱЯı硭
ڶǰѾжڵΪˣΪ˺εȾ磬û֪Щ˭ȥׯ
˵Щ꣬ׯӳˣǸΪͻͽ
ȥׯףٵģֻٲ˱֮ˡ

Ƭ֮ʶ˻Աǧ֪ղűضʶ̽ϢȥˣСʵΣӿɲ鵽ʲôˡ
ǧׯպ硭
ϱ߷ȥӸղ̽ЩϢֱҪĶǸׯˡ
ׯպ󡭡
ǧ΢΢һܴ˵ֻʮ֣Ҳˣ̧ͷӴպ϶֣
ҡҡͷȻϱߵķ򣺡ȥ֮ǰȷһ£ҪŪԷʵΣԼ󣬻Щǰȥ١
ǧؿһʱƺڱ׷ɱһ٣һ٣κ̫һһȥ£


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Ӵ˳ǧﴦһɽׯԻׯɽϳ겻ܵĺ˵ׯˣǲǵˣԲǧڣ۴СɣĪвߡ
бڱҵݣΪڱ֮ϣҲ紫ԣ꣬ɴЯһ֮
һׯϴҹ죬ׯأҹ磬Ʈš
ҹʱһׯڣׯɭϣأܹׯߣȻǰ֪˱ġ
ɫҴңһɫۣ¹ٷǱ磬ȻѾ֪˫ǵ飬Ҳϵ˴αȻԼȣȴӰ쵽磬Խڵϵĵ
ûһ쳣İֻз紵ʱҶϸ΢ɳɳ죬ǰǵһӰ¶ñ˹һݣǰ

һԵͳӵϴֻ˻̨䣬ûµҹһָĪĸо
ŽŲԽԽһҲԽԽ죬ǶϺڵĲ𣬼ʹֻһ붴ˣɴ˿ĶǰȻǿҪϢһ
һᵤߣһѾ޳ԪӤǰһοǰˣǵЯһλʱֿ̻֣̿ϲ֪Ѿһ亹
磬㲻ؽţǰ˫ǵ飬ҶѾ֪ˡ
֪ʱѾǰְϣֻ΢΢һ֪̽ʱΪѵ˺εȾ硣
̧ͷ亹ɫɷ׵صһΣ볤ǰܹң飬Ѿ֪ˣڵġ
ҲԹ㡣
˫΢΢һȥŨŨҹɫòŵùˡ
ʲô
Ĵϣһ±øˣϣҲһ±øӲҰףˡ仰ʲô˼
һɲǣԺȻһƬԼԩ޳ҲΪҪԼԣԡ
뵽ʲôɫԽԽѿˣϸǺ£˿̷·뵽ʲôµһԼǾֻһԭȥԼˣΪԼ֮ϡ
뵽˴һȶˣ亹乣æܵ󣺡ǰң
˿˵ڲ˭˭ҪȥԼܹù£˵ݣֻ²͡
תһüʵϸһ£Щ꣬ûе˭ǡ˭档
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亹˿Ŭ룬Լ˭˭ˣЩԼȷʵ˽¾˲½ң̫ʼţЩҲ㲻ϴ˭桭

̾ڵ꣬Ҿ˵ϣÿһ棬һ֮УҲԽӸλԽҪ˼ΣԼ˭ҲҪš
֮󣬱Ȼɫɷףͷ૵ǰ˵Щ硭һҲδǣһΣ治֪
̧ͷǰı˿ֻ۾͸¶񣬾һϵˣץһţǰҡ

̾תŵɫ˵ϵ飬һ뾡һа취㣬һΣϾǶıӣûôùˡ
һԣĴʯ£ȻЩ˵Ŀ࣬סˣæֵллǰ
ҡҡֵ֣ǸСӣǧĪҪȥˣӦ֪棬иʦЩɵǼλǰ֣ҲδؼӮ
硭ס
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ˡ
Ȼһ˵ִ֪ô

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Ҳһ쳤ۣׯӭӽǰٵĸš
ⷽԲǧ۴Сɣÿʮ궼ϵǰׯ򱱹٣ɼ⸽֮ߡ
֮ʱŸɻѾˣһ𣬱Ц紺磬Яȥˣڸɵĵӣϯϡ
ϯ֣ɵЦ޼䣬ƽϲ£ׯû˸Ρ
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Խģ˿ʼתƻ⣺˵Ҳ˵ҵ˰ɣ
ң
һҶ֣ʱҡͷЦʮǰ˸ͽ˵Ǹ硣٣˵ϵһ²ǱģͳΪʮʥ֮һҲš
˵ϻи磬ֻǰ˵ѳңΪһŮˣ˵ǸŮˣռҵĴС㣬
٣ô˵ռҵĴС㣬һɰɣҪȻܰԵߵġ
ͽӢѹ˹أοҿ˱㣬ҲʲôӢˣܹǰһӦ𣿷ӢۣӢҲ
һƣһЦ֮ʱׯȻһмŮӢۣĪλӢ𣿡
ʲôˣ
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һָ̣еĪһ䣬·Ļһֵ˱Ԩֻеȫһɺ֣ϵľƣҲҪɱһ
飬ֲһȺСڴۡ
ʱһ䵭ˣʱ׹̶
㡭ʲôˣ
ԼΪСϯ䲻˶վǴµŮò׷̫䣬˲ϲ
˵飬ʲôʱֵˡŮȻǱˣǧ䡣
ʱĿ⣬ѳʵͷһֱӣ׷׳ȥֻ֪ʱѾ߳ˣĿš


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һ£˲ŷӦׯ˲Ѱˣǰ׷һɱٵģĪǾѰ֮ˣ
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ȻˣķҶһׯȥԭֵգͻȻһ㺮˪һ˶ס˺
ʱȻ˲ׯĵӣҪһ̧ЩȥȻһؿ䲻ȵϷٵ֮գСʲô˽˵
һԣ˲ŷӦѵ澳ֵ÷зǸˣȥ̫ʼź½ңǴ˫ǣգȻׯˣ˵ʲô֮
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ˣĪҪΪЩ£ﶼĿˣ
һʱ䣬Уɽׯ֮ԽԽҲ˵жڵΪиŸɵţն
ׯƽʢʱһ¹Ӵ˳ȣص֪С֮ǰȴׯʲôطҲҰģ
һ±øӱˣûǰ¹ӣĿڱϣׯӦ֪ĳΪʲôĻ˵ˣ֮ԭ
һ֮΢΢һѵȻ紫𣿴뱱ΪУֻΪ֮
һĿ΢ǰпܻڽҲֻ룬ȷΪ˲û֪ͨϣԼҪ鷳Ǵ˿̣ȴƺС˶Է
ۼ˿˫ţԽԽţЩŸɵţʱͦСӲ֪ߵغ澳޼ɣձףЩط߾ߵģ
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뵽˴ϸ̲סһˣǴ˵츳ǿ׷ˡ
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СӣҪ񣡡
սӲ֮ʱһߺȻһȣŭָȥӦĸɵš
˵ֻ꣬һ죬ȴһһĽȻһ´Աߵ棬âӣֻ롣
ׯ˵ʱֵڴ˶ˡ
Ŀ⣬ȻڱϣɫɷףԱߵļˣеһ䣬æһ˿ԶԶġ
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˶ׯڵΪ˭֪ʵׯǰѾ볬ء
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Σׯô
ȴߵøˣǽ˫ָһ˿δת񣬾
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ּɵкܴһԭڶԷԼʱһΪԼ͵ˣôܹ˵Ȼ˿ԼܸԼѹ
ݼٺõˣҲܻ¶һ˿ȴҲκһ˿
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һ֮һߵص
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0843 ׼ʥϮ
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ȻصǲңгһգҲȥǵġ
Ȼһһ䣬ʹҲеһϣСǵб£ǳţ»
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˵ţڻ˵һ˲䣬ȻܵһɳǺ⣬ɳ֮
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һ˵ֻ꣬תȥΧֹͣˣǺҲɢˣڴӻȻǰһĻʱȴԭز˵
ֻǧ䲢УׯȥʱߵȫȻ޶á
˾Ŀ֮£µȥֱ˵Ӱʧˣ˲̻ع򱱹ȥ
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˵ͷͣ˽Ųߡһ˵꣬һ½ɲʩչ˼£˲Ϣ䣬ڰ￪⣬ȴδͣ£һ·ǧͣ
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˿˵ȷʵû뵽˾гڵΪˣ֪гڵΪôȥðա
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ǲ򶨣һߣ֣Ҷ˱ɣ֮ǰһͶˣա
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˻ʵӽţһ򱱹һ㹦δˣԷʱֹش
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ԸոգʵڹģҺĲ⾳öԷһʱ֮俴ǳñΪز¶Ļ
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ߺ󲻾ãǺߵȻһӰһ£ǸſӣһѰɫȣŷŶȥķһϣЦһ

ǧһ·ҹ̣һѾ뵱ĵطԶˣٶȣô໹һգִܵ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ܵһ֮ʶ·˲ϡ
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һ˲䣬ٶȴ˼ޣȻٶٿ죬һʶ֮ȴԽԽԽԽ
ֱʱһʶ֮Ȼǧǽɲʩչ˼£ǧδ˽ŵӣʮǰħڣΧɱҲ˿Ź
һ̣·Ҳʶʲôѵˣһ׼ʥ


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ף˶Ļֻ·һǧȥٻԮ
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һüԶʲϷӿĲƣһȣ½壡
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ϹȥǷٻǵ۹½ʱûκȻҲΪҹڳ˯У۹½ҲδѣԷһ׼ʥǾ;ܼɵ־ΪΣ
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δɫɲ䣬һ˵꣬һϣֻһ֣壡
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ΧԼͷԿȥЦȻǹŶ磬һͷλʧܵĺˮԣħ֮꣬ȤȤ
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δȻվԭأֱͺԶȥعͷȥ壬
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һ˫Ѫ۾գգۣδһЦԣȥɡ˵գһʱһӰʧԭء

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ŶŶ
ǧͷԭ֮ǰһֱȥ쿴Ǵ˿̲֪ΪΣȴЩء

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һ̣ƺ𣬽ƬƺӳһƬɫ±ߵ˼䣬Ҳķ羰
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ǧŻŲ֪˵ʲôԱ̳ʹһڣҾƺʹһǺֹסˡ


0848 о
벻ǰһˡ
֪˶ãǧ䱧ŻʣС̳Ƶľ̳ճյǰƬƺƣȴȵ˫գϦһ
ԭǰӲô䣬һε飬ı
鱡ͻƻ軨䡭˿϶һЩҲͲᣬˡ
ڶǧʱ򣬷ԼŸվ̳ӣ֪ǸˣǱԼԺкȸˣֻͷЩʹʱһŲȻһ䵭˯
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֪ǧһЦ·峿⣬Ҳÿɰ
ˡ
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á
ҡҡͷԵǼº㲻δٿɽǣԶҲҪȥˡ

δ˵ͷûжԣֻҪоеǡ
ЩоԵʣҲʬħǱڵԵʣֻǵ۹½һһӰǣ֮ϵɱ֮ѾԽԽˣΪоϵɱ¾أձãԽԽˡ

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֮ˣʵɾУΪԲע⣬Ӵ˶ħɱ¾޳ٲ
̼ǵõϣֻں˵һоʦɫسһ٣Ҫ֪ƽϲŭɫûκ˶ŭ˵оĺء
˿̣ʹƽʬħݷѾãǰʼѣԽɳԽ죬ÿ꣬㳤磬ȥһʱ䣬ʬħ᳤磬ȫΡ
ӸоʬħĳɳȻ˷ʬħҲ޷һѹʬħܹʹʬħɳٶȽ˲ٸȡһЩʱ䣬ҵܹȫӦʬħķ


0849 
ʵ֮䣬ศɣƽ⣬һһһһ
ʬħϣҲδؼȫȻǻΪʬħħڣĵطſ˿޾Ϲħ֮
֪ÿÿʬħѵʱǱףֻҪʬħѣǶݵһʱȫؽɱÿÿҲɱ¾ԣΪʬħԦ
ǵʬħȫʱǸʱʱӵ׼ʥһսʥһսǿԵĻϣһԶҪΪʬħһȫα֮ɡ

Լһʼоһ̣ܹԸܵڴһʹ·ǧϸС룬ڴȫԼ
оĹУʮСȻ˼Ԫ߻ħ
ʱƣɴʹԽԽԣЩȣȻǣţԶϹһξԼҽԼű䡱ֶΣ
˿̣ܹԸܵĶ֮ɴʹΪԣ˫棬˫ǵҲδͻڣоһԣ谭
ʱ𽥹ȥһգһڹ֮ʱ˿̣ʶڣܹ֪һСһʱ䣬ҵһڵĺʬħԻ̬
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ܴ˿̣о״̬־ȻʮδӰ졣
Уԭͨʬħ˿ȴУƺˣʬħҲڲϷͼٹɳ
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֪˶ãѾˣҲͣˣǧڣߵ棬̹ǣ˿ֻ֣


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Ĭã⿪ʵ֪ղ˾ǲطȵ֮֮ܶϤǷ֮Ļһʱ㱻ˣҪһǣ֮ʲô

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ǰ˫ָ󣬵صɽѹһɽλޱߵĿܣԸղˣΪ
תǧѿȥһɲǣǧѵ񣬾Ǳޱ䣬ûǳҹκ΢⣬ҲӲ˿̵һ˫ۡ
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ҹĻµ߷壬Եø̨ͨʯ±ߵ¾ȣʮֵľס
ƺǧ澰࣬ռףٶǰ֮󣬽ؽһȻ˲ٹºȴʹɽϸӻ˼ɾˡ
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ȥͷһĨȥһξ

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ȻţЩ亹Щ˲飬ҲѲǸССƽˡ
ۺݵĻûмܼЩҲˣϴ챻ӡ꣬ҲδεͬСɣ̻̲Ȼ歷˺溵ˣҲѾ֪ˡ
·壬ҩ԰
첽߽Щ溳ҽΣδ뿴ȥɫѾ࣬ˣ齣ֻǽŲЩȣ첽߹ȥȣӸ´߶ٺհɡ
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Ѱ֮ˣǸܲӵĻ仯ʶԪҲȳǿ࣬ȻһͲˡ

תܵԼĻ仯˵ʱִڿʧȥҵԪ꣬Ҳýǿһʧһðɡ
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Ŷ̶̰ʱ䲻ӵĻѾͻˣȼǰǿʧȥҲרעԪûȴй̻̻֮ͨ£ԪߣĿǰָ
ֻǴ˿̣ܿü˫صįɣǧǰһλԭޱȳ羴ʦǰ˻֮һڤ
û뵽λʦΪġֻؽͨȻȥɱ޶ڣ׼ʥǧꡣ
ӵΪȻֹ׼ʥȴʥֻһǿ׼ʥδʥԪʥ˸ǿʥ֮£֣Щͨ׼ʥɱȣ񣬾û磬ȴһһĻص۷塣
֪һԸܹ𣬿ڤΪ࣬ʵ̫ˣûκαϣ
ҹ̹ǣڵҹգԸȥЩִ˵Ǵ¸ȥˡ
ӻѣ˵ǰ֮˴ᱳĲ֮ˣ˭

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ȵȡһͣһɲǣ뵽ʲôȥüʵСӣϴȥ澳ûˣ
˻֮ʱ·ϸܵһʶûˣֲ֪ΪΣǵʶȻʧˡ
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˵˴ͣһ̧ͷǲ澳ˣǵǿߣһЩƣ޷棬澳棬ҲҪɵ澳ԭһЩ˲ܴɵС㡭Ҳ̫ġ
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뵱꣬Ƹȥ飬ȴʧܣԼԪشֱҶ֪סˣʱȷʵЩԪѷǵɱȡ
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ʥȴһѪһУݣλǹ̶ѡ
֪Ӵʱеʹܹ࣬ᣬʱ޿Ҫȴֱ˳ʹ࣬ڤʵ̫ǿ𼸺ǲܵģΩԸΪʱܹӰڤ
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ԪÿһڽһƵɽ壬ϳơ塱ڴ˶֪꣬
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ŽգȻҲλϲδĵü⡢лشˣԼǧѵȵӣˮŽҪ壬Ҳ͵͵ǧˡ
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ʱֻŵ˳ħˣ˵λ֮ǰӦѾ֪Ԫŵȣ֮䣬Ǽ˴˽ᣬյĽݽߣڳĸλǧǰݡ
ħ񲻼򵥣óһʲô¶ô
Ŵһʱʶ˴ЩǾ˲֮óһ
ȺԽԽ󣬴ħߵǿʲôˣЩ֮ȥģǺθɣ
Ŵԣֳ磬˫۲ݣûʱɽϺȻһûǾˣʲôô
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ڷͤ棬ʮ̳ƣһӴʱħ
ڷͤ棬һʯдšµһ֣ʷپư磬ֻµһĸ֣ȴǺأܹ֣
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˵˵˵䣬ֽľһˡ
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0866 ʬħ
Զɽϣ˶Ϣؿţǲ˿˵ʲôǱߣҲ֪ʱ˵ʲôΨδأüԽԽˡ
ٴ߽Щ˫ﺮһص˭ġ
ߵɱ˱ϵˣ˫ǿо߱ϵ֮ΪЩ£Եûз𡭡
Ŷˣɱ˱ҵˣһδ֣Ȱ಻סˣô˵ҲҪɣƺǣǿһЩ
صøӺˣٸһλᣬ˵˭ġ
һ̣߸ǸеһɺϮȴһЦһôҪΪУ֪ôһСС죬ЩССɵԣҪ죬Ѵ֮
Ҫ㣬ҲѴ֮
䣬δ䣬һƴȥ顱һδܿһƾ֮ؿڣʱһѪӿ󵹷˳ȥ
Ҳһ̣ЩӰȫʧˣǧӰ͹ȻڷҲС
䶨վȣֱһƣЩӰʧзȥǵѪ㲻÷ˣûõģڸߣܱסЩ˵̫˾Գ죬ûһܻ
̫˾
һʲô˵֮ߵֱ΢̰ǡšꡢƾɱ̫̫ˡ
֪ΣΪУվһ
Ȼ䣬ɱȻղʱ䣬ûָԪʱԪָ֮󣬶ʱתȫԪһâһն
һֲնգԶɵ˽ס˺ȻȴУصΪУʲô֪ͳǿɱֿ
䣬ֻ˫ٿȻһ죬һɲǣɹľӿһߵɽ˿С
ôᡭ
΢΢һֻɽڰâֹȴҲǰвãȥǱ˫ָסһ
ɽķΪϵˣ޿ܽƣΪδʱСӿסˣն޷ջˡ
ԶǸеԾ˵һĵӣɽǿпסⲢ֣һڵĸ֣ɽôܻᱻ׿ס
㡭
ɫ𽥱ò԰˫ֲסȴҲ޷ɽջһ̣ǱԷץסһ㡣
ν棬Ҳˡ
񵭵һ˵꣬˫һ⸽ʯͷҲҷһ˲䣬ڳ˲ֻǰâɽȻתһնȥ
һȥƸףҲ˵ɫ䣬ԶսЩˣҲĿ࣬⵽ʲô£ر˵ɽ

һ죬ֻɫɷף˫ƵסԼնɽʮɾ룬ͣվȣһ·ȳѺ֪һ֮֮ʢ
ԶĿɿڴ˫ַ£ղŲƾӲǰɽĿǰĵУҪȥӲסһߵɽûκοܡ
ղʩչģʵоĹٽ˵켫µ˴ĴͨһŽõĹȡ֡
֣Ŀǰû죬ղֻԶѣ˵ãµ˴Ĵͨȷ֮
¡
ʱһԶֻ֮սȴһߣһֻ궷һ𣬵ʱǱӣԪļ󣬿ѿŲסˡ
߳Ǳһۣﲻһȷʵʧˣû뵽СѶԸ֮ƣֻܶýˡ
֮ˣһŽͨ򲻵ѣ׶ãԪľԭʮȴ̫ͣʹԴ䣬߻ħԴһſʼ㱻ΪκεӶ
˿ֻ̣ϵѪģ飬ñȷſࡣ
Сӣң
һɲǣߵĹǿԭϵһɫѪɫ
Ȱ
ٿȻһȣ㳯һεǿʹԶںˣ˿Ҳеһϣ
ۼԷͣĿһ±ԪһߣҪǿһУϵȻһʹȴ󶯹ɡ
չܵʹɫ򶨣ǿԪһƴƱã
¡
ײʱɽҡֹɫһףڻ˼һ±üΪңо壬ָֻղһƣˡ
Сӣڲô
ɱʢƳ˴ʱ㣬ɷ˵ʯһ˲䣬ͳ缲ƣɲǶ
һƼȿҳȻϰôƷжȥ߷ԸԪ˫ʱܿƣ˳ȥһ·ĵ棬Ҳ̤ķѡ
ϣ
˾һĻ¹һۼ˲δһ˲仯һ׹ɳ顱һһ£ȴһˣɫʱ԰

ɫһף﷢һƺߣһɲǣϣֳһһ೤ĺ
ˡ
ʱģδȻô£ɫһ䣬ɹȥʱȴһ½סˣҪȥѧԼʬħÿһζҪ

ͷһХϽ¶ʹ֮ɫԶɽЩ˶֪ôˣ˿ȫһԭ
ʦʦôˣ
ˮ¶˾ɫһֻ̣ǧüϺȻһ۶ӡ۶ӡȻ˸һ

磬ãǵĺӡټ
ᡭҪᣡ


һɲǣֻ˫۱Ѫ죬һɿµΪı˳ȥʹԶԶˣеȻһϡ
˿̣½ҲͻȻʧˣƼԣ̷˹ʱģҲһ²˾ɫʦ֣ô¡
֪ڡ죡
һ˲䷴ӦȻ֪ǰСôˣô˻Ὣ£һȵʩչӵĹɢȥ֮ʱʱ˺Ҳδõ´ˡ
Ƽת䣬ֻ˸ɽһնȥһ̫죬οڵͬʱֵ֣ܹסʹȥֵҲˡ
СӣΪУȡ
˽ֲͣһ˿أɿһ·ĵ棬Ҳ÷顣
¡
һ죬֮ڶʱ̷ƥɽҡֹһʱ̳գԶ˶ˡ
һ̣˶Ϣ񣬵ȴ̳ɢȥˣǸĵôûжˣѵûܵ˵Ľ𡭡


0867 ̫˾
һ̣˶һעĿɽµһĻʮˣҲס˺˿ֵ̳̿ʯѣҲֹͣˡ
ڣһ紵̳ɢһĻʱ˽һ𣬵ʱ׹Ԩ
ΪУɶλңʲôΪС
ֻɫһȫһˣƾ˫֣ǵֵסϵ˫һɿµΪϢ
㡭
ߺ߽ѱɫû뵽ʦֵܶ˺һԷױ㵲һ̣˫ѲʹڰвϲţҲˡ
ôܣСӵĹƬ̼ǿ֮࡭
Ͻ˺Ȼ֮ɫټ˹һɿֲѳӿ
һ£˶ʱֻеȫϣеɽҲƲס˫˫浹˳ȥرһѪӿȻһ£˽˼صˡ
ʦ𣡡
ʮ˸һû뵽λʦڵΪ˵أ˿ֻɫɷףѪӿﲼ˺Ȼ֮ɫ
ô£Ĺ
Զɽ棬ǸŸɵҲѾˣղһĻ˵Ĺ˶̵ʱǿôࣿ
ǱߣüͽҲסһԪľҲˣôˣΪʱģȥЩʹࣿ

ֻֻ۾𽥱Ѫ죬ֽ󣬵һƺȴʼ۲ɢʬħѣ˲仯ǧ˿ƣ澭ȫѨ֮УһɼǿĹ
һ˲ǿҲܵʹ࣬ǳܳܣ֫ٺһһ鱻飬Ȼһһ졭
ᣡᡭҪҪ
磬ãǵĺӣټ
ᣬҪ

ͷһХϽһɺˣƿҪħһ㣬Ժ˼Ҳ𽥻ңʱһ鷴ĳʱֿ֮˽Ҫɱδĳʮǰ֮䣬طҪɱʱǿµģ
ɱɱɱ
˫۱Ѫ죬ϵɱȻǿһѪԣһɲǣ·𿴼˹Ŵʬصĳ·𿴼ѪɺӵĻ棬·𿴼Ѫӣеĳޣɱ֮ԽԽء
ˡ
δ뱻ǰһĻŵûʧɫҪȥȴסˣҪȥʬħڿ񣬼Ͻգħ޷ͻһħȻħձȻʬħơ
ǡ
δԶһĻֻ۾紵ˣֻףֻ֪ʱ˿̣Ҫܵʹ࣬κ˶Ҫء
һһ飬ټЩʬħѣе۹½ɷʱ޿̲ʴԡ
ɾˣȻԸʹΪħԦԲԸħ֮УԲԸħΪʼִ
Ըʹ࣬Ҳִ

壬ƴһĵ̾Ϣ


ٴηһХʱɢʮƲ㣬һɲǣԶ˸ľѣܹܵõǹɲǿĿ¹
߸߸ɫҰֽȫȻûͻȻȹʣ˶һۣһѶŴ־ģ
˲˷ƣһΪʽһɲǣȻѪ˫ۣһƴֱָӴߵš

ߵʱһ˺ѷεĲҽУɫһ䣺ʦܣҪԮϻδ֣һƴȥ顱һʱѣһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
һֻ̣ʮֿ£ǰߣֵͳֺ䣺ΪУʲôΪУʮǰ׷ɱ˵ʱǲҲô˵ҪΪС
㣬㡭
һ̣硱֣߷·뵽ʲôϸǾ״Ѫ㲻ǣ㲻֮ˡ㵽ǣʲôˡ
ʲô˶֪ͳֱȱЩ˸
ֲĩһƴߵʱһѪ˳ȥǸѪܵ˿ڣǴĿģ
ʦܡ
ɫɷף˲ôʱϵʹһֽ߽סˣֻѪӿһ˵ҲǶ϶ʮֳߣߣǵµѪҶ̫˾ƭˣǸӤûߡ
硭
֣һ˲䣬߷·׹޾ԨֻеȫһɺҲ룬һҪ룬ƴѪԪ֮ҲҪ´
ߣ
䣬һ̧һ˲䣬·ҲˣҶ˿Уߺ߸شһѪӿͬʱ׹䵽˵ϣж֮
ԶɽϣĿɿڴǽ˵ȥ˭ţ
ħǱߣħ˫Ŀ΢ʱ֪룬վԱߣ޶ٱ仯һҡȣһߵصӣͽܣЩ򵥰Ӧ֪˰ɣȴ࣬Ϊͽܣҵܺ桭㵽ʲôֻߣ㾿ڳıʲô
ʦ֡
ԶǱߣˮһվԭأɽµһĻ±ߺߵĶԻȻ
شȻ䣬﷢һƺߣֻϵĺ˸һɲǣƻָ˼ѣԥָһһһƺʱѹȥ
ʬħѹ˻ȥ֮ģȴһɷֻɫһףЩҡҡλΣʱһӰٿȴǻδסˡ
δ롭
ɫȻЩ԰ףŲԶЩˣ˵˸ղűشһʱָˣ˰ǴȥҪȥʧ
á
δҲԣ¹˴ȥ˼֮ʱȻ䣬һǿϢ֪Ӻδ͸˹ڳɵˣһ
ʲôˡ
һɲǣ˶Ϣһħ̺ң¥аƸǱߣħ죬һҲ
Ȥš
Ϣ֮ʱȻ䣬һ֪Ӻδ𣬸һֻ֮УͻȻ˺һȻ澹һӰ
⡭
һ˺գĪǾ׼ʥǿߣôܡ
Ǻǡ
ֻ˻̤һɫĶۣͷҲŶñȴǿģ
̫̫˾ˣ
ϣߺ߽һ̫˾Գˣԣǰֻһ̫˾ʱ򲻿õ档
ûð˾ֻǳץˣû뵽󣬻Ҫɱ˾Գ֡
Ǻһ߻˵ţһѾƮȻ䵽±ߣ˵ʱֻеһϣ߲ΡΡ̫˾ˣǣˣǡ
ꡭ֪ͺãôˣͲ˵ˡ
һЦԽԽˣ˫ָ󣬿ô뱾˾ߣҪ˾ɱȫˣȻǵĻ꣬һߡ
һɲǣѪӺ;ڤ˽ԸеһϣˡǿϢ
һ±ʮֱ䣬֮ʣ֪δȻһ澳ˣƺӦʱ氡


0868 Ĭң
˭˵
Ⱥﲻ˽һ˳ȥȴҲ˵֮ˡ
ʱǺҲͣ˽Ųɫλˣһ
ΧһƬҲղ˵֮ˣϢӦߺߣһɫҲøӽˣܹ̫˾ɵˣ˾Բ򵥣ȻԪԻ̫Сˡ
ǰԸһ𣿡
̫˾ѰŶԷϢ֪ԪǱ濴ȥ򵥣ҵԷ֮ǰóȻжǴ˿̣ȻԷһϢҲӦʲôˣܹϢص֮Ҳ޷ҵ
ȿȣϽлһֱ𡭡
ʱԶһôǱߣٴδߵʱ˲ڿϸϸ֦ϣԭŸˡ
ֻ뷢ףŸƺ«ƾɣ˷ϽлӣϾȻûа֮˵Ϣɸոǿϲûˣһգ۾ͳϵģ⵱оûһ˿
Ŷ֪λǰǡ
̫˾˫Ŀ΢ڶµ˫֣ѰϽл˭ΪϾȫû֮˵ϢԼҲ޷ΪҸոգγǿϵģȻû˿
ԶɽЩɵһڴ֮ǰǲ˿ȥעһˣɰ˵ǿɽ£˵Ļѵûע⵽Ͻлʲôʱȥġ
֪˭𣿡
ħǱߣħ˫Ŀ΢ǰؤûӡ֮ٶǰǴξûг֣ĻȻӡ
ѵЩֵӲǼˣԪûʲôôǰˣӦǺǰˣ֮ӦǼֻǱ仯̫һʱƺϲˡ
ȣϵؤмӡȴֲ̫̣˵
ǱߣˮŽż⣬ЦϲȥúӣǸôϸ棬ĸɵĹ򰡣
˵˴˸߲ҳ治ϻ֣ιϲü
һµģԱǧüһ̽סˣˮ֣λǰͨˡ

ŴԣˮָС죬һȵģµЦȥĺúŶ
ǧüϵؤ룬λǰˡ
һߣüͽЩԣ֪ǰ˭ʱ䶼ǳʱƺϳλշǰոһնʹĽڡ
˵ʲô
Ŵԣüͽһؤȥʮֲ򵥣⼸Ԫδ˵һһνʶ˵ģ
ü૵ʦ֣֪𡭡

ü΢±߿һŵ֪٣ֻ֪λǰӰȥ٣ʱûй¼ţƺЩδ߶ꡭӦطʦ
طʦ
üͽһȥطŵʮţʦ˵ʦطʦǧǰķˡ

һ̣ʮ˸ס˺߸شʱҲ
ڲԶȻҲϳǰˣǵ괫λǰĬң֣֪
ֻеֵǣϴμλǰǰʱȥݳɽʮ֮Լ
ʱǰ֮˵ϢգϵϢ˵ˣ
Ȼ䣬ǰؤϵϢһֱܵƺÿһμ棬ԷϵϢͻӵ˽գǽӽˣʶƸܲԷϻһ˿˿Ϣ
ȴΪΣԪŵأؼӿ˵ΪһǧϢҲȻԽԽأǰϵϢԽԽ
ǿΪΪǿΪĻôζºۼҲһϢôΪ֮ˣʶ֮ˣһ۾ܶ
ǰϣȷʵûκΪĺۼôΪԽԽˣΪԽԽͣȫϷô¡
ʶؤʱ򣬶Էȥˣ㣬㣬Ԩ㣬ˮ㡣
ǰǼ򵥣ݳκһӶóԨ㡱ȴҪݳǵ㣬Ǹݳû㣬ǧһ֮ڣȥݳ㡣
ʱȥ̫ʱȴһµỊ̇ʱʡ£ǰ̵㣬ǰȴЦŽȫ˺Уһ֧ͣԼ
˵Ҳ֣ʱȴһ֡ӹ桱֪֮֮ˣ붼Ϊ˺һǵϾ磬ⲻ֪˺һ֮󣬻һָľ磬ǧһܹǷӹ档
ĪǡؤıǷӹ棡
ڻȻ򣬶ʱʱ̫ϴỊ̇ʱȫܲԷһ˿ϢĪ˵ǰķӹ棬ؤ֮ϣ
˵ΪѵѾˡ
һ̣鲻䣬ȴƷˣСС֮У˵õݳλ̣ǺҲ

˿ֳ̣գ𽥱ýûһ˵ָо߱ѹֻ֣߲ΡΡڵ̫˾ˡ
˵ʲôȻ˵̫˾Ȼһ̧˵ȥϵؤǰ˵ĪǽգҪܶˣȰһ䣬ǰʲôˣı飬ûǲҪΪãá

һأɽǸŸɵǶˣһĵһãȻ֪ʲôЩĳϣԽǱָߵˣ˿ϵľɫԽԡ
ԭǣˣֲøոգԼ˵ʲôҪΪС
һɫǱߣˮһصʦ㣬ʲôǺ𡭡
һ̣ǧɫҲǸӣ˵ǹŶһ澳ˣߵ֮һ̫ļ˾
Ŷ
ˮƶǶص˵ͷСߵǻץʦ֣ͷ¶βһͲʲôˡ
ǧ˫ü΢ʱ˵棬Ĭңľƺ«ٺЦϽлˣ飬ϽлҲûǸйȥܡ
˵˴Ȼ֦̫˾Ͻл˼֮ˣ˵˼֮£Ͻлǹܵãǹܲã


0869 ؾ
ؤ仰һΧһһ̣˶ձøӽ
̫˾ˡ
ɫţ˵ʲô̫˾ȴһ죬ֹס˵ĬңȥȻǰô˵ˣǽգҪˡ
һɲǣ͸ɱʹԶɽϵ˶ܵˣ˲һ䣬˿ȥΪͣؤɲ⣬δضˣҪһ
Ǻܿ죬ǹɱʧˣֻ̫˾һЦתȥһ̣޸ղǵȺɱ⣬ЦСӣãһΣžûôõˣܿ죬Ǿͻټġ
ֻһʱһĺϺʮ̫̤ȥ
߾ߣµʲô𣿡
䵭̫˾̤գԶʱֻȻһ죬֡ʩչ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬һӿһֻεĴ֣һץס̫˾Ǹߡ

ֻһҽУȣѱĴ˲ץ˹ȥ
һĻֻɷԶɵˣ̫˾߱ץˣһɲǣɱ
Сӣ
ʹŶۣҲܿǺ˫ֻۣһ˲䣬̫˾תǰ
һ̣¹˽ԱɫһɲǣһָȻ飡һ´̫˾ϡ

̫˾ʱش˳ȥ䶨վ֮󣬲һոǵ
ߣ
һ˲䣬˿ԥһ¾ˣֱ˺գȥˣһɲǾͲӰ
֮ߵ˴æΪû뵽ղͻȻһɲķǿߣԭһˣȻ˿ûв˵Ĵڣ
Ƭ̹˲عһ̲˶Ǵγһ㣬Щããģɽ¡
ֻɫɷף¶֮ɫжڵΪɸոձشھһδϺڵߣҲܹȡ
ģɱ㣬ڡᡣ
䵭һ˵ָ꣬һ֮ڣס˴ȫѨҪ忪ӡԻپ
һкӸ˺ߵȻ漴ʾ⻨δҲȻȥ֦ŵؤȥǰþò
Ĭңľƺ«ĵǰǰģͰϽлӣ˳ڡ
ʱ˵ģոһɲܵһŵĻϢСԭǿһ塭
ҡ
ǾؿʲôˣǸ̫˾ոҲƺΪɵ˸ߵΪǰڴɽʱΪҪܸԼһΡ
ȤȤ
ֻĬң֦˸յصͷǼ˴죬ǡ·ڿûͷɶ¹
仰ȻڰʾղиʱȻҲó˵ŻǶлǰ
˰ˣˣ֪´ټ
ֻҡͷһ֪̾̾һգۣѴƣֻңңʣĪ̾ҴҴңƾǧ⣬̤ѩ
ʧƼʣȻţ֪´ټһҪ˵Ļʲô
Զɽϣʱ̻عոؤʲôˣƺһӡ
ԭŸɽ壬Ϊһ£ڣƺ˵עתƿˡ
˶ԣȻǺõģղЩ˾ֻ뾡̫߻졣
ת֮ʱȻ䣬´һ𶯣⸽ɽ壬ȫ
ô£
ͻ𵴣ԽԽңʱȫѹ뵽֮ǰһն𵴣ƺǴӶѵɽشġ
ܿ죬ѾǱ߹ȥˣҲص˻δڵĵطǱȥˣǸʱֻһɽ棬йâ˸ͬʱһɼǿ
ؾ
Ⱥ˾˳һؾ֣Զʱиˡ
֮ǰͲдţ˵帽ɽ﷢˹ŴؾʱȴҲؾڣ¿ƺ֮ǰһնʱ򣬸պҲؾʹؾλ¶
˵ʮֵɺˣǽһնϴ˴˻Ҳһؾڡ
Ҫȥ𣿡
ʱؾʱ϶¶ڴ֮ɫƺһ¾ͰһɶˣһЩĳϣˡ
һ¡
ʱȻվ˳ħΪ׵Щħɿȥ䲻⴦Ϲؾ屻֣ѲЩħаˣҲҪ𣿡
ŸʱŷӦڳģħɣôڳЩȥĻҪƻؾ
οؾʲô챦߾ﻹã˼ħͷǻ˵ãУ뵱֪ͨ
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ʱȻͻȻԣɽµؾһۣƺҲ⴦ؾܸȤСʵЩ򵥣ϡҪȥ𣿡
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ŴʱŸɵȫȥɽ棬˼ȴ֪Ǽԣȥķҡͷǰڳһֿᣬκκ˶Įĵӣʵ˭⡣


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˼ȴЦˮԵɰƤ֡
һ˵ţһߴȡһɫСһ򿪣ʱһ˳ƣǰ֮Уȴһö飬ŨԷǷ
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˼ȴЦǰȥǱߣѰٵһŶ飬Ƿ⣬Ӵߣ棬͸㡣
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ԣ̧ͷ֮ȥֻ±һǣģӭЦ
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վԱ߿˼ȴ״⾳ãΪΣܸоһԵı˲桭

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ðϲʲôǾȥ
ۣ˼ȴ㿴Ǳߺööѽ
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ɵ㳤ˣ˼ȴ磬ˡ

˵ˣѾ죬ļգ棬ҹӰʮ˲أκ˲ÿ
˵һʵ˵òᣬ̫Ͻսãʬħٶѣһ˹ʬħǿѹȥºʮֲ
ʱڴ˳ȥƺѾûд󰭣ֵϡ

΢΢ףԶƲһɽȥʵұչ⼸գδ
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΢΢˵ͷĺ⣬ʧˣͥԺȥ棬ֻδ޼֦ˣδļʵո˵ʲô
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ʬħѾѹȥ𣿡
δ˹˵ͷֵʬħѵڣգӦĹأʬħǰһΡ
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δü΢Ƭ̺չüͷһЦˣջʱ·˳˼֦ǣȥø㡣
һ˵ţһܵԺӣǼ֦С˳ϴ΢Цƣ棬Щǣûпήء

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Щ𣿡
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δЦȥ˼䣬ʵоͦãÿ·ЩСݣ͸ˡĲݣ˼硣
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ϵǸӡ
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ȥһɫصӣ޷ŵЦʵʲô£
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δ뽥ü˵̫˾㹥鼱֮£ȥһˣɾ֮󲻾ãԼһ˿΢ƺˡע⵽˿ӡ

֮ϵɫҲ𽥱ͷһգҲˣ˷ĬңǰȻ˷˿ӣɵʱ˲δѰ֮ˡ
δĺ˻ĵˣҵһաѾĺ˻ĵ˷ˡ
ĺ˻ĵˡ˵Ļ󡭡øСˡ
һ˵ţһ·ǱȥӻͻƣϾûǱסĻҲʮΣյġ
һħĺˮ̶̶ֻˮһӿһˮð˳תһ˫޴Ѫ۾Ŷˡ
ʵˮ̶棬һþ̫߹ؾ䱾ٴڴ˴Ҳ
δ룬ɣȥ

δ˵ͷҲԥһӣ̶ˮӿȥмֳһ·
˳·ȥ̶׵Ļþ棬ֻĹ⸡Լеˮûãһʯҡ
ֻʯмиʯأ˿̣̫߱棬ȫѨ⣬ӣҲӵóȥ
ǰصΣô
̧ͷɫʮֲ԰ף֪ʲô֪Ρ
꣬ΪҪ׷ɱˡ
һɲǣֱúɫ԰׵һЦ֪ô֪ˡΣҪǱôҪˣɱ㸸ĸ֮ˣⱲӣܱ˳𡭡


0871 
㣬꣬ΪҪ׷ɱǡ
ס˿еɱ⣬߽ˣ߲Цһϱߵ飬±ߵô֪̫˾ôԸǾô
̫飬ܸɣʮǰ̫˾ҲС
һ̣ĺԽԽˣɫ԰ף巴Ц޿ɷ桭
˵ôûϵһǧַ㿪ڡ
䣬һ˵꣬Ȼһưļϣһɲǣһע룬˲߱ȫѨ֫ٺ

ֻͷһҽУ֧ܿŲסͣڣλشô
ã˵
亹˹شʱЩǳͨ죬ܹܵסЩ
Ƭֻ̧̺ͷɫ԰׵صҵ治֪ΪִҪ׷ɱ磬飬һʮֱܣ±Щܹ֪ģ࣬Ҳֻ˵ѡ
Ǿ˵֪ġ
Ȼ棬߻һ䣬ΡΡֻ֪̫꣬˾в£Ϊһһ֮𡯵ĵط˵ġ
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߻һɫɷ׵λ̫ˣǴ̫˾ġ̫ˡ
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ǡ߻һ£ɫɷ׵صǡһöѪ񡣡
Ѫ񡭡
˫һһ´ȡöѪ񣬵ݵǰ㿴ˣöѪ񣡡
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ԭˡ
һ̣ˣ˫ۣѪԽԽ
ѪһֱԼϣֻǵʦԼʱ򣬰Ѫˣֱɽ֮ʱʦŽѪ񻹸Լ
ѵʦһֱ֪𣿵Լȡѵֻɺ𣿿ΪΣû˵
ʱ˿ֻ̣еһԵʹϮδ棬֪𡭡
СʱÿÿЩ˵ûеĺӣвŭкޣʱ֪Ŵһ£ֻ˭ôģճʱͽ
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һɲǣкȻһɼص˳ޣ֪ʱ˵
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δ˫΢΢һһͦʵ̫˾ʲô㶣˵
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ɫɷףϸȥ䵱֮£Ȼ̧ͷʱ̫˾ѾشӦ׷˵ٶȡ
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ĿͣһŵͷӦӦˣ֮£ʵ֪һУҶ̫˾˵ġֻǺ
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δһֻ֮ǰ澳ʱǸغ˾˭˲֪Լ˭ҶҲʮϤ̫˾һСС


0872 Ԥ
ڱ̫˾ˣߵ֮һǼ˶¼ɵڻδ˳ΪһЩǰߣҲû
һתȥüǡȥɡ

Ƭֻ̺ص棬δ֪ܣ˵ղҲˣ˸ûۿ̫˾Ҳδۼ֮£˷룬ϵʬħҲ֪Ǳ££ҲѰǡ
˵˴ͣصҲ̣ǶŪ֮ǰ㲻Ҫ
Ҳͣ˽Ųո±ߵʱȷʵħʬħѣ޳ɾħȥ̫ӱ𣬿侲Ҳ£ѰҲδԣǿֻܻǡ
ֻÿÿ뵽ξĳľսδ˵ǻΪ桭
δ뿴֣˵Ȼ֪꾿˺£룬̣ƴҲҪ㣬ôһϣκ£ӦңǧҪʬħӰ㣬𣿡
δ롭

ҹǰķǣȻеԵʹͬʱΡ
ȻһǺ֮УҲֻһɳˣһ;ޱ޾ɽɽ죬֮ͬУ˼ǷŵǺУҲֻһһɳ
ǿããӣɾɾк˸ҳµһ
һɲǣʲôʼͻƵ谭һ̣󿪣ת⣬ãã񺣣Ҳ˰ȥ磬κһ˿谭
ָо̼Ǻ棬ãã޾
棬Ϊ棿
ߣͨ棬زӣޣ˷Ϊ棬Ϊʥ棬δƳ֮٣棿ʥ
߸ߣжڵΪΪһƣ־ܣκη֮ȻˣЩδ붴ڵˣкηֱ
˶棬ǶҲ
һɲǣֻȫѨ󿪣δת˹Ҳ˿ңٲȻͻ֮
죬Ϊ֣콵𣬸˶ܹܵһޱȴ
ǱߣΪİ裬κҲϲȥκҲ
ӣΪͻˡ
δ빬歷΢ЦǱ˵Ա߻δҲЦЦκˣͬ
·ϣӸֶңңǱߵ⣬̾û뵽Ȼ棬Сӣ䣬ûмܹɡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ھǼ򵥵ͻڣˡ桱ЩͨĶڣǿ˲֪٣Ǵ˴ͻƳɹĻô׼ʥ£ûмĶ˰ɡ
ֻǴ˿̣Ҳ֪ΪΣһõԤУôδйѹֵĸоգЩķҡ
ʱֹȥ죬ͻڼǹɲõԤУҲѾԽԽǿˡ
һգ溽ߣϸű֮ԼĳЩɣȫ©Ҫֽ֣ȫ
һʱ֮䣬еЩ֣ʦսԼⱾű䡷󣬷ǶʱܹȫģЩҲǰŻὲΪνգҪЩȫԼ˶࣬һʱǵסҪ
溶Щ㶼ס𣿡
÷ǿӵֻôһͽ䣬Щ꣬ѽ溵ԼĵԴˡ

ıʼǣϸĥһŵǰЩʵ̫һЩһ޷򡭡
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ӿЩʼǣպãպǧĪҪŪ˱ǣóɡ
溶ס
˵ͷֻɻ̧ͷǰգΪҪЩȫҡ
ЦЦԺҲҪѧģٵ㣬¡
ǰģһúġ
СЩʼǱߵĺȥֻɽϲ֣ããһƬʲôҲС˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻơ
ԣҲǱ߷ȥ˵˳ͻƣ̥ǣԺ˸ҷ졭
ֹȥ죬Ѿǵʮˣ⣬֣ɽҲΧţκ˶ϲȥ
ʱ򣬿溻ű䣬ɽȥδ۲ӣǲȥĻһ
ģСѾͷ⼸ģ£µıʼǣǰƪδ򣬽ձȥɡ
ӿ˵
ǣǺðɡ
գ溻ǵ˵ͷת˻ȥܸо⼸ǰЩ˵֣ԼѾűıʼȫԼôˡ
ݹź󣬿ӲתԺȥ棬ԶӿƲ㣬һ̾ģʼջǶ㲻СӣһΣҿǲٰܹˣ·ҪԼˣʬħн֮Ҫ
һɲǣѾԼԼܵˣһԽԽϢ


0873 ΣϮ
ʮΪ֣˶ڴţڴΪͻƵһ졣
ʱԭȴܲȻ˾ְûиеκ쳣
ʱδ빬¹뻨δڻۼͻڼ¹Ǹˣһʵǿˡ
ڻδ֪ΪΣǰЩٺãҲһ˵ѹָС
ôˣһ綼صӣ¹̲סСʵ
ûУܣǰЩ۰ɡδһЦ
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¹׷ʱδ뿴ȿ˵ҪȥħǱһˣ£ôãҪȻȻȥɣоǣǱߴѶȥȻʲôʱ
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¹˫ü΢Ǹе֣СʵЩֵֹģǲʲô°
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¹ĿԶȥһǱȥڰãã֮УҲ֪ϺʱͻΪӦ̫˰ɡ

Ƭ̺󣬻δħµĺ̶ϣ溰壬
£̶ˮƽߣˮӿɢһͷԴ˳˶ףһѪ۾ǸȫĺۣƬ²͸ħϢȥʮֿ¡
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ͨԣ˿̺ܿС壬˻δǰƺ׽δ롣
δһЦָһͷΨһƬɫۣС˵ͻƣһʧ˵Ļͻ㻯ʧһ֪𣿡
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δЦЦԶȥ̾һǽգҪԸϣҪ졭
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巢һ޺̶ˮҲȥڷŭһδתһЦͷϵۣʵڵֵסˣ壬֪Ҫȱ˭𡭡
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֮סˣδ壬Ҫȱϣ֪ˣͷ
˺һګګص˵ͷˣδһЦ˵գһӣӴӰ˲ʧˡ

˵·棬һ첽ɽϲûʲô쳣仯ĵӣҲͷʾ⣬ֱƬ̺δ롣
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δкӵ˵ͷͬʱǰߵȥֻԶԽԽ
һ̣ʹ˶ԤеΣգȴ˴ղͬʱȥֻ֣ããһƬ
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ܿ죬ƺӿԽԽңʮĲҲ˹⸽죬һҲס
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һߣ̫˾һЦ԰׵ݣȥûѪɫղſ˵ûֻһˣȻĴɵǿ죬Ҫǰ˵

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̫ĴˣҲѰ˲һȥɫ԰䣬
ҹ֮ʱһ̫ɽ̼䵽̫ǰ¹ɭ䣬ۣģϢҲǳ΢
ʱ̫ֻһĻڴ棬ɭ̺⣬ڵ׵ʯ̨棬ֻһӰɫ԰ףɫ̫˾
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0876 
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ħħ塭ӡ
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һħ۵ŮⶼҴ㵨ӿǹģ˶ȥҲǹģ
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ϰɡһٻʮ飻ڶ˻ǣǱ֮á
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Ȼߵˣһ㷴ӦҲûУһɲǣ̫˾ڲЩ쳣һ֮Сǵȥ
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תȥһɲǣɫΪأԺҲٴλ˵ħڣʮָħʱԷ˵Щ֮

ңһܹؽƣܹٵأܹɽλɳ̫ŵһԻʮ
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ɱԽԽأ̫˾Ѿ಻סһɲǣȻعšҪɱң
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䣬·Ԩӣ̫˾κĻᣬɫɷ׵ص˾ң˵λ̫֮ʱͬʱһµξλ˵ңΪһجйأˣҲ졭
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֮ˣ֮ʱԪӣҲʧΪһֱֻϧһͨԪ֮ˣ±ԪҲѲˡ

ϵ̫˾һ˲䣬ʩչӴĽȻ˰ɫһɲǱ̫˾Ԫȥ

̫˾һҽУȻδӹĽһ˲䣬һ˳ȥʦҡ
δ䣬ѽԪֻһڰлΪ˻ҽ
̫ɽ𽥻ָƽֻҹ紵⣬һЩ̫˴˿̲ڰɪɪҳ¸ղ̫˾ԪҲҳһڡ
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˿̣ǰ˼۲ɽϵĲ֣̫ɽλ֮أɽأɽ£ȴһֻ֮Ǳһѹ
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Ҫȥһط뵣ģ֮ȥǡ
һ˵ţһߵһ±ߣֻعͷδ˵Һܿͻȥصġ
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޳վδܶһٰ
̫ķ̾Ϣֹ𽥱ĻǡΪʦһᣬȻ

̫һ£澳Ȼ󲨣̫Ͼߵ֮һ׼ʥΪһҹ䱻ܹ澳𾪣
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Ҫ̫ҪĲֻΪе̫ߵ֮һλʥǿʺȥ
澳ԭЩҲǾˮˮû˭޶˶ȥôһǿص
⼸չĴţȻҷɣ˵ǵµѪҲ˵ţ˵磬ʱʮ꣬ˡ
ִ֮ţЩϣв壬ԼŵĳϣϽµӣΣȥǴˡ
ĴһգѾ룬һƬ޾ѩɽɽؼģʶѰ
֮룬ڵ飬̫׷ɱǺ飬֮ǰأνʮʥ˭
˷磬̹ǣѩɽϣѩһӡ˶ãЩǳǳӡֻᱻѩ
һѩȻеؼ䣬һ˵ı룬ոĸףǷҲԼããѩɽ
ѾȷԼĸһǱ֮ˣһռҵǧ𡭡
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Ϊ֮ˣһʮòŮӣһɫô£ѩһŻһ㣬˿Ŀ⣬ȴǱķѩҪ䣬׹Ԩ


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0892 ѩ֮ҹ
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в˶ˣؼҵ鵤ҩҲĶ࣬µҩ֮󣬸˾͵ϥ˹ˣƵҲ󰭡
ʱǺŮӲתǸ㾿ʲôˣ
һʼʱһͷ׷޶˶˳ΪѩǱߵˣɸոԷʩչƺ򽣾ʶԼϴˣӦĳŵĹѩǱߵĹ
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Ǵ˿̣ȴɴ΢ЦЦԭӣСöеȥոҪҼü㵽й֮ǰׯ磬ӣ롭
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Ÿղع˵Щʲô󣬺ҹ磬Щ·ֻд˵С
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˴ع̾һ̾Ϣõ˽ɽʸټǾ컯Ȼǰ;ʥҲֻһ֮ѣɾ֮󲻾ã㴫ҽϢʮʥҲڵʱһСķ粨

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ЩͳȻ𵱳˫£˵ʱռңѵֵôһ£ʵ˵塣

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뵽˴ع磬ؼ֮ؼѾˣţѵµΨһѪҲ໤ĳ˿һΪȴкĿء

˿عɫ࣬һ߶ţһ֪̾б࣬пȴԣ˵ˣ棬ҪԸңûκοܣ澳ҪץסңҲôס
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δ˵֮ʱȻһС𵴣ţһ͵˽عɫ΢΢һ䣺ǿ󷨣


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Ȼ뵽֮ǰѩɽϣԼؼҵС󷨣ƵʱΣƺЩ˰ԼϳʲôˣĪǽգؼҾд
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Ƭ̺ׯ⣬ֻԼŶʮˣʮˣǲǿƵؼҵ󷨣ؼȥ󷨣ɽ֮鱻Щš
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ĺĶ֣ѵյҪţǴ𡭡
ĺ˵һǽգؼӮˣӴԺҶЫõˣؼҰ벽
ĺøˣһ̣ѩɽׯ˵еعۿȥҲеˣȥ˵ףؼڴ˱ǣֻǰڱһ֮Լŵ񡭡
һ̣·ҲʶˣĺˣүүҲǴ˵Ķ֣ٲȥĻǡҪؼˡ


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ԽԽ䣬ڣһҧǰ˳ȥһɲǣѾо綾ʹڼк棿ȥʹǣ
֪ԼǰжǰĺͣԤıЭĶѾֻ˻ȥ;Уǿ˹ʹ裬ʱĺҲȲ
Ҳô˵óѡ

عۿʲôڻǲ̣סˡ
үүкᣬһ̣ܹԸܵүүʱŵ˫֡
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Σĳүӳսⳡԣĺǰͬ⡭
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ʱ˿̣ĺȻɫ䣬ԴʣϢ֮ڣǰ¶ʱ֮ڣǽҽⶾӮδܽⶾ¶ǰҲӮˡ


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ǰߣĿȻͣĺϲٴεĺǰӽⶾǣȥѩǡ
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ŴԣҲʶȤټ׷ˣЦռ죬ҵȱǹڼȻѾûˣҵȣҲͲؼˡ
ƶҲҪعУǺѣٻᡭ
ؼٻᣡ
ѩɽׯѾ£ļˣҲδ׷ʱķȥˡ
عżʮʧķüĽ΢ܸղʾ˼䣬ϣ֮£ǲҪ˵ȥϾ̽٣ֻ»Σպ鷳

˺һع۲תĺʦͽѾ뿪ǻׯɣ֮£ˡ
ҹĻʱŽĿԶջ΢΢˵ͷ
صׯϣйص꣬ױ׷ɱһ£عһ˵һ̲סҡͷ̾һѩļ룬룬ֻЩѩ֣ؼҲɴ˵ñ
˴ͣһʱᣬҴδᣬΪ֮ˣ֪ʮʥ֮һ磬Ժ֣ҲͳΪѩǱɵ֮һ
Ѿʱ꣬ع۽Щ˵ʱȻ͸һɵĳȣʮʥǸʮʥ
һعŴһʵ£¹⣬Ҳ˼ְֻ˵ҲţΪ˵ȡɽɱˣһǡݺ
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óع۴ʱ⣬лүһ⣬
˵˴ߵߣһ˪Ĺ£һ̷·¹⣬Ҳ˼ֺɱ길׵£һ塭
Ҫģֹǵ길֮£ϵʬħǱ£ڵʬħ²޼֪̫˾ЩˣҲ֪ͬ
ҹ࣬ĳͲЪϢˡعһ˵ţһͥԺȥˣӰʧ¹¡
һش̨ߣհһգϵʱЩҹ˵йظĸ飬ʱȴ˯ˡ
һصӢۣĸˡ
ԺһĻһĻֳָξЩƬΣİϤģӰ
ҹɫķ磬ôͥԺҶһһ㣬ļ䡣
ع˵ʮǰǸѩ֮ҹԼѩɽׯģһԪŵأ󡭡
ʱ׷ɱ׵ģˣһ˱˺ûãڶˣɵʱѾˣع˵һֵʱڶˣͶĪȥˣ϶Ҳ
ȥͷ·֮˵Щȫ֮£Ϊϣѩɽׯ˸ףҲûˡ
ȴô飬ȥƺе˼Ź֮˵˻ĵ޻֮£Щ˾ȥģôֻһֿˡ
ϣֵͬʱѩɽׯ棬ҲһˣһѾʥ֮ˣɱӰεУЩϣҲκһ֮ˡ


0903 
һʥ֮ˡ
ҹɫȴ𽥱Ĳ²⣬һͬʱһˣɱӰΣЩ˵ϣûκһˡ
ֻһˣΪҪף˭Ŀʲô
һУȥ²⡣
һڵһУȻ˷룬׷ɱ׵ˣʮʥһˣʮʥ˭һ˭
ƺһУһŨ֮Уÿ˵Ŀģ־ʲô
ʬħʬħ

סؿڣ﷢һƺߣҲһ˿΢΢ɷףǰΪʱ־ʬħ
ںѹ֮£ãϵĲ԰֮ɫˣֻӻȡöѪ񣬴ԻֻءǵʦԼġ
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Ŵ塭
üʦ˵ŴһҹΪ棬ӱһħ֣֮˶ˣΨԼû¡
ħֻ֮ҪȾǳӣҲδسŵùһ̣һճõӤΪȴû£ΪԼʬħ޾Щħ֮ʴ
ǹŴħ֣֮־ǺΪ꽫Լ澳ˣȥ
·ԽԽˡ

һߣһƬΪĻԭҲѩıؽ磬Ƭԭããѩˡ
ҹĺʦͽѾصѩһ·ϣ˶ʮְĺҲҶʲôֱڻѩ򣬲ͣڵʦѵǡŹС𣿡
ϣȻʮֲʣĺҲ˵һ·Ű£СӾ˭ֺ񣬻Ǳ·ʶ
ʦ
ʦ˵ĺǽָʮֲʵصСܹҿҲɺ϶ѣҪȻǸɴ۷ȥ
סڣ
ĺһۣʦһɣĺʱֻеһ䣬ӣȥ˵ָȴȻţҲԽԽ䣬һж󹦸ɣȫСӴҡ
ˣ򲻵֮ʱȥǡ
ĺһ𽥱ס£˵
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ļ́ͷЩʵؿһۣջʲôû˵ĬĬͷȥһɲǣȴһɱ
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ĺŶЫȣǰȥԼʮʱϺȻ£һƬֻѩӳճȻ΢⡣
ʱ֪δһ紵ĺͶʮЫõĵӻȻĺȴͣһֻ̣ĶЫȣϵ飬Ҳʮ
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ʦȻ˽ŵӣĺЩ⣬ʮЫõĵӣһҲͣĬȻ

ĺԶѹЩͳ˵ҺȻмδ꣬ȴǻضЫðɡ
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ĺһ£ʦʱɫصӣҲҶʣֻ˹֣ŶʮЫõĵǰȥˡ
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˭
ĺЩͳɫҲʮĶЫȺ֣⺮ҹ֮У͸ż¡
Ǻǡ
˷һЦȫʲôˣһܺ棬Сʲô˰ɡ
ڸ֪ʲôˡ
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һ˲䣬ĺ񣬱쳣ɭصϴˡ
Ŷ
˹ɭɭһЦȻһԾʯͷϷǰɭɭصϴôöЫλþˣԼݣҲˣʥطơ
һɲǣĺ֮УһصսʥǳУҶöַͬظ£һɡ
Ǻǡ
ЦҲգҲգҽֻ㣬ʮǰ׷ɱ磬Ǽ£ҲС
Ŵԣĺǻһ𣬵ܿ죬ɫѻָ糣ص׷ɱǲطƣѾˣ֮£Ԫδѡߣ
˵֮ĺһ䣬ǰȥˣԼ߳Զ˲ֵϵģǲطƣǶЫĺ
һΣĺһɫ䣬ͣ˽Ųתȥ㾿˭
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Ц˭ʥ֪ģǽҪ߶ʥǣ֯ˣ֯Ļ꣬Ҫ֯Ǿֻһ³ǣҲֻأ磬õ˵
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ĺɫȻɷףʱ֪δһϢȣ·ߣ·һ˫۾
˭ʲôˣ
һ̣֪ΪΣĺͻȻþʧ·𿴼ʲôµĶȥȻΧʲôҲûУһҲûУֻķ紵ѩ涵Ӱ
ʲôˡ˭
ĺɫ˫۽Ѫ˿һȥȻûˣһ˿ϢûУĳִڣẦ³
˭
ģĺǿҪһ֮ǰˣʱվھԶ֮ЦǺǺǣ

ĺȻ˼ȿֻţĶЫȣһɲǣΧȻҲֹͣˣҲûκһ˿ǰĺڰΨһ̡
ƣӦûˡ
֮ʱһĵڲԶĺڰĺʱһɫѲ԰ֽ岻ϲţǡ
ģֻǺڰУ߳һӰһɫĶۣҹɫ֮£嶷µһȴĺеһϣˣһ̣ˣ
ղŻһ·һֱ룬Сӵûû
Ǵ˿̶Ǻ񣬻Ǳһģһһģһ
һĺһֱŵĶЫȣһѩֻͨһǵӰȥϡ



0904 ʩ
һҹȥˣҲڴ̨ϣһҹڶ֮ʱ죬ͥԺ÷㣬ʱȻҴҽһӰ˲Ǳˣȴ¡
عһҴҶĳк¡һ֮ɫص
ӣ
ո»´ŵϢڼδ˯һЩ˵
֪ˡ
վհʱһۿԷĶѾ໹ʱ䣬ٲʩȣ֮󣬱Ȼ
½ŵصջúõģɽʱ򣬶ڵĶȻ룬ӡ
߰ɡ
ٶԣͥԺȥˡ

ʱͥԺɽʯ׾÷ʢ㣬˾һ⣬ûҽȥУ΢Ŀ
أ㣬㡭
ỨȴعţȫϵĶ̫δʱ򻹺ãһ˱򲻿ɿǶʮ֣һմȾ˺ԭĶؾͻأʹø⡣
ӡˣ
߽ʱȥعһҲʱ£ˡ
ءǸ˭㣬Ⱦҽ㰡ǿ޻Сá
˿һۣ˵ǲҪſȫȥԺ棬Ӵ˿ûҵ˭Ҳ̤ͥԺ벽
һ£ؼ¶˭˵عۿһУˡһ˵ţһͥԺȥˡ
˶뿪֮ƿţƿŵһ˲䣬ŵһɵ㣬Ǵɢ㣬ĺҲͬڳˣܲδ֮壬ҲܹʴĻҲŲ֮á
ӡ
ŵЩΪѣֿϵĶմȾԷ濿˿
뵣ģĺĶҲ޷ҡ
ŴԣԷһЩֻһɴ͸ɴɼڴϣɫЩ΢΢ףԭ覵ļϣʱҲѾֳһ˿˿ơ
˹ȥƿɴʱʶ濿˿ӲҪңһܳ󡭡
󣬽ԲһƤңΪﻹΪأָҡ
Ѿߵ˴ߣ͸ĴЩǳǳɫơ
ԣһֻϣʱҲѾǳǳĶƣҲ޹ˣЩʱҽΣѣܱ꣬סǼΪˡ
ᰴסڵľ۸ӣҪ֪ڶطֱֲӵķǽ⿪ȫѣϸ۲죬ŮбڣԿַֻʶȥ̽ˡ
Щ꣬ѧ˲ٱ£ҪҳڶطֲҲʲô¡
Լʱ۾ջʶ˵ｫѹסأһ⼸գҪϡ
Уˡ
һֱƻ֮ʱϵĶزűѹȥЩǳǳĶƣҲѾʧʱȥֻɫ΢΢԰һЩҲ볣졣
ÿʱҪʩһΣ˷ܽڶϢȸˡ˵꣬ȥˡ
ʩ롭
һʩ֣԰׵ӣȻЩȷ죬ѵҪ

ͥԺ棬˽ŵĵȺţʱڳˣعۿʵΣ
ʱѹȥ˶֮Ҫȫһвûԡ

һԣɫʱò԰Ҫ˵ʲôԱع۽ֹסˣһУͶͷˣк󣬾ܿڱǡ

΢΢˵ͷ˵ҪҩģԺдүҵķñǡ˵꣬ȥˡ
ԶȥӰͥԺȥһʱ֮䣬ԭء
ʱͥԺдõķӵݸ˵ܹգÿһյҩԲͬŪҩʱ밴дҪõ
¿ҩ֣صص˵ͷӷģ

ڶգȥѾһ룬е룬Щ΢΢ӣˡ
˵ͷһһ˵ʩ뱾ʹֻУЩʹ֮Уס˹
ң֪
ЩҲʹֻʩκһѨλ֮ǣȥȫմơ
ǣҪһǰӣǼΪ飬οҪԷһֱȫעضԼ塭
뵽˴ԭЩ԰׵ӣȾһһеЩ̡
ʱӿ죬ģ»һŸʩ֮Ժһȥ档
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һ˵ŵһĲ£뵽ľؾԼԼȴŤŤΪѣʵСǸӣҸոա
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ҧ촽ȥ󣬲ģһһȥȫһ˿մֻ˫ؿڣϺϼСӣңҺˡ
˫ַȥȫƽɷɣҪɢ
洫΢΢һ֪Լ˫δȥѵ涼üô뵽˴ϸ죬ջǽ˫ȥƽڴϣһСصӣҡҺˡ

棬˫գٶԣָһʶ룬ݣе룬ȥ
Щ֮һʩ뱾ʶȳ˸Ҫʩ룬Ҳʲô¡
һֱƻ֮ʱֻϵЩ룬ѾȫڣǽڵĶһ֡
ʶһһջأСصɴ˵Ϣһĳ
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ļգÿȥʩֱʱѾ࣬ҲԵôˡ
˵գСý֮УСһֹˣӿǧҪһʶʵСĵأǺġ
óѩϮлߣδˡһʩ룬һߵص
ЦЦһׯϣһʼ֪⣬˵ЩҲҪȥ
˵˴ͣͣ¶ɻֻһգǲ֪СõĹͻȻ䣬ͻȻô࣬Һ񣬺񿴼һԼԼĺӰСõӣ⵽ô¡ʵʵõʶƫңҴССܿһЩֵֹĶ
˵ҵߣһֱֹ֮ȥǧħ𣬹ô
ʲʲô
һ£Ȼһֹİ˺һֿ˵Ź˵ֻǡʵʵֻǲ̫Ź֮˵Ϊ֮󣬶Ӧֻء
ǡ벻ֻ֮أ
ʩһ룬һ̣ȴ֪ΪΣȻЩôŵҲ΢΢һ


0905 
ӡôˣպȻЩ̣Сʵ
޷ٹգ⣬ڵĶӦɾˡһ˵ţһȥٹڼﲻҪҶ
ߺ΢΢תͷһۣղ˵ĶߣЩֵĶո˵벻ֻءʲô˼
Ҳֻ˲̫һɣǲµǿģ־
תͷԲҶ⼸գԷʩ룬ܸɴϾһ˿մڴϣ˵˿ţҲǲܵġ
ֻʱգеĽţѾ𽥼˿ÿÿ뵽Ժֳֻĸ֣
ʼ䣬ЩĸоȴһչֻǵڣԷȫֻ֪֪Ҳǹһذɡ
ʱϵѾ𽥷ˣֻǰգǺɫѾǳ࣬ʱȡߣϢ󣬷뿪
ڶ峿Ҫȥʩ֮ʱԺȻһˣȴһԼʲô
ﻹһ벻֪ʲô࣬ʳУȴ˫ĪǡԼ
ǣǸ
С룬˹˵䣬˵лվңЩⶾҡһ
￴һۣ˵ҷɡһ˵ţһȴͥԺȥ
㶣ס㲻𣿡
ͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷһҪȥⶾû²Ҫҡ˵գֱͥԺȥˡ
ԭأ˺һֱҲӰˣŻعһţ㣬㡭ˣ
һ˵ţһֻ๾ࡱԼͷȵһβʣ˻ͷȻǰǲôһЩҲͦúȵˣ
˵ֻ꣬˫ֲĹĵؿȥķͥԺ˳Խװһˮķʱ־òף͵͵һࡣ
ջƻʱϵĶѾò࣬Ѳôڣһպã˵඾Ķˣֻǹﱻ綾֮£ȫָ
࣬лӡ
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ϵĶȫҪ뿪ˡ˵
⣬ô
֪ΪΣ֪Ҫ뿪ʱ׶Ȼеһûɵʧ䣬Ǳʲôԭ򣬶ЩԷľⶾֻڴϣܹ齣ׯߣ뿪Ҳá
ЪϢ
ѽȫպã˵ȥˣֽסӵȵȡ
ﻹк£ͣ˽Ųֻ洫ϸϸ֮Ǹһ֪ȫʲô
һ
ֵȥˡ
һ
֣ȻعʱѲԺˣûãȴ㣬ղʲôˣոҿǱȥˣϵĶѾҽŶ

ȫعæСõȵȡ
ʱϴδմѩ׵ɴ֣װףЩԷһ˿֮٣СѾͷˣҪʲô

һ£һѷ乳Ǻҹϣ̨ĵ죬һ죬ϵĶȫ֮Ҫ뿪ˡ
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׷ɱ׵ʮʥʮǰ˼ʹ֮˭ֹ
Ǹĸףһ֮𡱵ĵطȫʧȥѶģҲһһ飬μǸطİϤӰƴҲҪ

Ȼɫһɷףÿÿξ˴бһʹ·ˡڴ۸Ρ
Ҳ۸Ĳˣ󿴼һӰǹǿ󵽣Ҳ޷Ϣ̫ӣλ̫֮һһѾʥ֮ˡ
̫ӡ
ָȻ䣬Ժֻ̫˾˵ĻѾʥ̫ˣ֮ʱͬʱһµξ˵ңΪһС
ƺˣ濴ԼԼйأԽһ뾡һа취ȥԼһ˿ξҲʵ֡
ζξΪá
żмأξڣԻաΪ֮ޣΪ֮ʼ㣬ʵĽ
һ磬ںоһУ򰮻ޣһ
̫ξģδزǺսУʵһС

ҹ˪ʱ澳һֵɽϣɽޱѩǣȴҪ࣬ǹɽλ֮أ̫˾ʦڡ
޳
ɽ֮ϣȻһӰأǹ棬ɽ巽ԲǧŸɣҲɼΪߡ
ֻǰЩյʱȥ񣬷·һнľ֮ˣǽٿǾԪ꣬ΪѾͻơ

ֻһ̾һ˲仯һӰȥˣΪУ޳ĻǣһҪȻ


0906 ֮
һҹ·ޱ޾ʼղԺ֮УҲһΡ
Ҫ𻯳ɣʥɱƫƫҪΪħ

ξ
ɾڣһԻ̫ԻؾŹȡԻ亮ɽطλ̫ڣӵķ֮һ㡣
ʱͬؾ棬ֻÿؾÿλˣ亹ɫɷףİĹ£˵ģΨܹǴʱ𽥲԰ףûѪɫӡ
ˣλ̫ˣ̫ˡؾˡ亮ˣ˽ʥ
˼ʥǲɣֻһҪɣгһܹ𻯷ΪɣȻǰһξȴͬʱʧܣΪҲӵڶ˻˵һ
ʥ˹ʮÿһ蹵յͨҲͬΨͻƵʮƳ֮գգ𻯳ɣֱٲ
Ȼλ̫ˣ꣬컯ҲֻڶΪԻɱ򲻾ǰһξʹΪ˻˵һ
ʱؾ֮У˶Ͻ亹乣ξţ˵ΪԴﵽڴڵһ۷壬ػصڶ԰쵽ţֻΪˡ
뵽Ϊһһյĵˣʹأڶ޼£˴ڸԵؾʱɫѾԽԽѿ
˭ܹ뵽˿һңɼλʥˣجţʹΪǰڲˡ
ĵģΪˣǸξξ濴ĳȻһģһʵһ㣬Ҳˡ
Ҫ𻯳ɣɱƫƫҪΪħ
һµֱڻԺǸˡ˭ξ棬ǶħǸˣ˭
һ;֮Уħ޴ڣΪȾ磬ѾʥΪ쳾ţһĶħ֣ձħһ컯ϣħ֮Уѻͷ
޹˻ţǸֻΪҲˣǳ־ᣬǿħҲȻΪȵزħʣΪ˵ˣǱѰ
˿̣ڸԵؾ棬̨֮ϣϵֶ𣬵ҵ̨ʹ
˵ָƽԣڸʱȴһξֻڣǺδ˻룬ȥһˡ

ҹȥڰһҹĴأ֮߳Σʵ֮䡣Լμ֮ˣ֮ˣμԼ
Ǹˣ˭
Ҳգ죬һˡ
һԺȥˣϵĶѾȥòֻ࣬գٽ඾ɡ
ӣˡ
һ߽ͥԺһѣվͥԺ÷ߣֻ߰ɫĺ裬쿴ȥɫƺѾࡣ
峿¶أϢ
ȥֻһͷںĳɢڼմ¶ˮǸһ˯ѣԺ档
һЦ˵˯֮ʱҹȻ𣬴˴ɽֻҸֻȥԺԼҲ峿֮ʱȴһУԭΣȻҽһԺɽһȺ˵μ˺Ǻμң
˵ׯεĹ¡
ڨڨһЦһ֪ˡ
ʵãѣֻƬ˵壬ϻʣһ඾δ壬ݡ
һ˵ţһȥݣ߻棬ȥɻشϣСصӣҡҺˡ

Сȡ룬һգܷ漴ʶ󣬾׼ʩ
ֱʱȻеЩȡһö㣬ֻ˸ȡǲƣʱ˸˵Ϊ֮ȥ죬ѵֳˣ
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Ȼ˲ΰȥЦ̧̧֣ʾĿĹ棬棬һĿҲϣȷãŵǡѪħ


0907 ʴ֮
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һȻҲɵɫһ˴ǰΪͲͣʧ˶꣬ΪҲ͵ȥ
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ڵæҡͷЦתͷĹ棬㿴ˣûһ޳ģҪѰ˵Ļȥ𴦣죬˭ģ
ƣһ±ӿָһɲǣһɺ͸˳Ѱ֮ˣȻϢ֮ϢЦȴǰ˼ôҪҶ֣
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δʵЩģ¹ϵ췣ۣ֮һյ췣ûϸϸǣÿÿ췣ʼһֲĸо

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Ŵԣü길ףҪȥʴ֮𣿿ΪҪȥ⣬ų澳յĵطʴ֮ء


0908 ֮
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲôع˵ʴ֮ҲĹŶµһƬƬҺԭҲǹŶġ
ع̾ԭΪ룬Ϊȥѩܿ׷ɱҲ֪ҴˣʹȥѩЩ˱ȻҲ׷ɱѩ򣬶룬ʵ۷Ҫȥĵطʴ֮ءʴ֮أ澳յĵط֮һ˳ɹȥҲܹŴ߳
Ŵԣü˼ǣȥʴ֮أΪʱ׷ɱ
ع۵˵ͷ̾Ӧˣֻû뵽ڻ֮ʱ˾ͳ£֮ڶ߷ȥʴ֮صıؾ֮
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˵ʱֻЩعֵǣǵ˻֮𣬶ҪǵãƲ¶
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ֲ󵴿Ϸü˽΢΢һ֣Ǻʱ˰֣ѭȴκӰ
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ħӰֻ·УһҪԶȥȻһɲǣȴȻϮ˹°գ


0909 
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ͳƼᣬ̤գȻδɳһѱϣֻ÷һƴ¡һ죬ѾϣȴӲǱɢˡ

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аһЦѪ˫͸񣬷ѷĵϣƺԷʱѾ֮ˡ
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ϸϸȥ룬ֻǺ֮УȻһӰ֣˳˽һᡭȫ޾ɷ֮
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Ƭ̣ߵûӰ֮ʱ˲ղʱķȥһɲǣ˵ĿⶼЩҲκһ˿ЦݣǱñ˪λǰһ


0910 
ǣȻʮְΧһ˿紵ϷϢ̫ǿʱڸղķ򣬲Զһɽ棬һӰǱˣǹ棬һ·׷û뵽ˡ
ǰΪͻƣǵӦκһɵȴͬʱһ𡭡
ãֻ΢һӡ˲仯һڷ磬Զȥˡ
ǱߣعԶ˵ˡ

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ʱȻڵҲ˵СǷֵܹסȪȵڤϢҿΪ׼ʥԶδ޳׼ʥȥǸط˲ǡ
һЦǧҪС˸ղˣ涯ҿʹҲδظ˵Ӯ
ô
Цһ˵ǺӺԿ϶СӾһ̤Ȫȣ
Цǻȥġ
ǡ
ٴЦţôĪǿСˣ
Ŷ
ЦЦһԣôһ˵ĻСһƺйɴ֮ЩļһҿҪ࡭
˵ʲô
˵Լʱһ䣬ü˼ʱվֹ˼ȥ
˰ˣҿǶˣҲҪﶷˣ뵱죬һϫ֮աȪȵڤϢȫɢȥ֮ʱʱ˶ܽ룬Ǿûκ塭
ǡ
ЦЦһƮȻԶȥˣֻңңһ仰֮󣬻ȪȼһСһϸɱһʮˣҳƽˣӽ󣬼ַǾˮˮ
ӰԶȥҲʧˡ

˵հʱѾ˻֮һǡǡ
ǣ˼Ǳ֮أǰʱֲϣʬҰ޾һ֮أûܹȥ
֪һ꣬һ˴һո֣˴Ϊ𡱣
˺ǧ֮£սǿΪ֮һǣ۴˳ǣʱգɲɷϲΪʡ
˵֮澳ҵĵط֮һôǣ֮𣬹Ϊĵطû֮һ
棬еֻǲпǿʳ淨ɱˣǶᱦֻ˵˫ް£һӣǵΪ˵ѪԼҲû˻ȥܡ
ȻЩʱҲҪʱáԼɱ׼
Ļңȴȫͬÿǵˣ밴չ£ҪսǵĹأôսֻ·һ
ڰǰʱǱһ׼ʥ׷ɱеĺϺߣڶʱϺڵȻţ׼ʥʬ壬ȴѾ߸ڳͷϡ
֪Ϊ˲²ˣ׼ʥʬϣȴҲκһˣʬϸûκһ˿ڣҲͳǵһɰԺȻΪٸ֮ˣҲڳɱˡ
ʱĺɫ֣Уһǣʶǵʮ쳣ȫһǸе
ڵصָܲĴڣȻûΪǾǿƽһǵʮ࡭
ߺȽȽ̧ͷĺֵĸ߿գ֮ǰȻѾˣڳУҲͬһɸ߿֮ϣƽΪƲڣǿһ֮ˣҲϲȥд£ˣһҲ
˴֮ΪѰҵ길һ£ԼʬħҲãҲգЩ޹ء
Ǻܴ󣬽к󣬼ޱ޼ʣ죬ǳڳʧ
ǡʣҹ֮ʱһƻԻ͵¥ǰϡ¡ɼ붨ɲŮķ¥Щơ濴һķ֮أ棬ȴǱж졣
һ棬ŵһŨŨ֬ζֻû֦չòŮ˹ӣ롭
Ӵƽй͵
ʱһ̴ĺŮ˹Ůӵ˵ɫǶ΢΢ͷȥкˡ
ǺŮЦλС·֪ǡ
˲˵ˡ
Ŷ֪Ҫģʲôˡ
ǺŮ˼Ŀʮǰ׼ȷ˵ǡʮǰǰ󡣡
һʮǰ飬ǺŮʱ¶ЦСĪ˵ЦǴǰ˺£ܸҳʮǰ
ô
һۣ˵ϢֻҪǻ·ϵ£ϢҲܹѵʵ
⡭
ŮӿЦҲҲգҪˣֻǲ򵥣˵˵Ρ
һӣһŮӣһδµӤ׷ɱ
Ŷ
Ů룬ЦԺƬ̣ȥ顭
ݣֻаݳ޷ŮӺڷŮ˳ȥһŴ֮
·һ֮أҹҹϸ裬ʵˣǴ̽һЩԼԴ̽ϢʲôϢأ·ҲܹȻ̽Ϣ֮ˣҪ֧һ͡
֮⣬·ҲӰɱһСùģù
ҹڷƣ֮СˣʱȻһƿ˷ţڷ֪ʱѾһµŮӣվ
Ȼõ˽ˣǽľ£Żصɰû뵽δҹּˡ
Ǻǡ
ŮӲǱˣǰĺӡ
˿ֻ̣Ӻϣ˫ִļϣһ߻ƣһǺɰһ·˵һءָþףݵ촽ߡ
ӹƱͬʱһ𣬽˳ȥͷһԭӵĵطͷǰҪϢѾ̽ˡ
ǡ
һЦһǰббǰϣĿһؿźһһϴź΢ЦҪĶࡣ
ѰӱǶ࿴һۣҪǣӴҸղŽڶ޶ԣľͷƵģȤ
һ˵ţһ߻֣ס°ͣһ죬֣Щ䵭·Ǵ̽Ϣġ
ۡ
֣ЦҲɰġ˰ˣ˵ǣڴ֮ǰӻȸң硭Ǻιϵ
һĿȻǿҪһҡһЦ˰ˣҲʱˣʮǰ׷ɱ֮һΪȪȡĵط
üһȪȣ
ӣߵߣŴ£˵Ȫͨڤ֮磬ȥ֮󣬾Ҳûгˡ


0911 Ȫ
Ҳûгˡ
˫üԽԽ˼̧ͷվڴ̨ߵĺӣʵԣǵ棿
Ǻǡ
һЦתϵЦݽȥһһصӿԲңһ·κṩʵϢ
ֵЦЦҪϢ·ȥ湫ӽϢֻһ׮򵥵ѣΪƭ㣬̫ˡ
һ˵ĻȪȣȪȡȪںδ길ĸף桭
뵽˴ָԽԽǸѵǻȪ
ãϲָƽһֱ̣̬ƽƽ·Ϣ˵ɣĳʲôĳܹ
Ǻǡ
һЦǽҪ빫ӹһǹǷҲԸء
ƽƽ֮òĳ֮ãкβԸ⣿
ۡ
һЦҡҡֵ˰ˣҲ˵Цˣҳʶҿˣ͵Ѻˡ
֪鲻˼򵥣˵ɣҪΣ
һ̣ҲĨˣعҲҪȥȪȵģαͬУʵӣǻȪȵһڤϢ֣Ӳɷ֮ضŹ֮
һ˼ü׼ʥҲҪ棬ǻȪضʲô˵
ӿʱ񣬵Ҳ˵ϹʱڣȪȻлȪȣ˶δսһΣҲǰ˵һλһն˻ȪȵĵʹڤϢ͸˼˺ȪȱһֱһڤϢ֣ҲԿ
նϵڤϢ͸˼ˡе˼Ŵҹɫ
ǺǡЦЦ˵˼Ļں棬ƻ˼ʹʧ⣬ܵ𷣣ԼѺ۷ӡסϵãڷӡѺ۵ĹУȴһ۶֪ܡ
Ŷ
˴ҲȻЩ˼ˣתʵȻأ
ЦЦȻûȻˣλڷ֮󣬾صʧˣѶ롭Ѿˡ
ԭҲô
Ȼ䣬ߵЩħӰЩǰԶʱڵǿߣħҲһŶˣϸʱǿߣȫˣûӹһ
ӼλȻʧˣµĽƷӡԼǼ編ȻڻȪȡ
ǣҪҵλµķô
ЦЦֹˣѵӾһҲȥλʲô𣿡
ô
Ȼ䣬֮ǰǧ˵ģиؾʼն֪ģؾ棬һ伫ܡ
Ҫκܣܽ⿪֮ʱҲ֮ʱ
عһ˵ţһȥȵſڵʱ򣬲ͣ½Ų΢΢תͷصȪȣһȥġ˵ֱ꣬ȥˡ
Ȫȵܣӹĵģǵ길׵飬һУΪʲôǲǸףʱҲĳܡ

ҹɫŨ뿪˻·һž˵Сʱͣ½Ų𽣬𰣬ǻҶá
ϡ
֮󣬰ˣֻӰȻּǺӰ˵ӡ
ҹӰαװܹӰӲںڰ֮УǰΪͻƣʶ࣬ҹ֮ҲԲǵĴڡ
δġ
תȥŶˣǿڣҲܹµδȻҹӰ
˫ü΢δ빬ϳ£Բǰи棬ǰǸմ̽Ѿɳˡ
Ŷ
߽һЩʵɳʲôˡ
Ŀǰȷģ˾
˾
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˴ֳɫֻһ˾ãߵ֮׵΢˾ҲˣֻǲӦ
Ҳüʵڶõ۹½£ҲֻܶԸ׵׼ʥ˾΢˾߽ϵΪ
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£ʱ˵ʲôߣȴ˻ȥֹʵ£˵޷

˫ü΢˼˰Σǿڵǻ̽ҵˡҲ֮ˡ
ҵˡ
Ҳʲô仯̧ͷԭΪݣû뵽˵֮Ȼ䵭
ʱˣЩ꣬δ빬ص飬κ£ԵĮġ
ҿҲΪȪȶֻߣΪ˵ꡭ𰲻ԡ
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ʱĿ⣬һȻǱʲôסˣ仰û˵
ŵδҳģʮ֮ˡˣȻɵ
ҲΪ𣿡
ȥöˣʱͷܲ룬޿ܣжپ֣һߣҲһһ
̧ͷС˵ҲΣǡ˵ҲѰϵġ
𽥱䣺Ҿ˵һ飬֣ǵʦȡҵ֣ûаֹϵ
ϡ
ԣ
һֹס˼˵ȥһŵٹЩգȪȻۼˣʱüǼһ˵һڤϢ֣ʮΣգǲҪŽκϢҴѶɡ
ǣ
˹˹֣˴˶һۣһ˲䣬㻯Ӱãҹɫ֮С
ǺǣӣԼݡ
ڰߺûãһЦ֮Ȼӵһͷ𣬸ֻһӰ˽Ǻӡ
һϲûʲô仯ЦЦǺǣСһ֪棬ҵʵǿģռݹŶԭǵȻ֪жţҵͳѪȴƫƫԸԼ֮ˣȤ
˵˴ЦЦĲ˵֪֮󣬱ǣҲҪֱ档
ȥȪʲôϵ𣿡˵һֻ֮ǿ˵
ԣ΢΢һ漴ҡͷЦһһӰ·ķȥˣֻңңһ仰ӽЪϢ綯

Ѿ˻ȪȣȪȣȪʬȡֻǹս˲֪ˣҲ޹أطˮˢܿ¶İ׹ǡ
֮⣬ɽȵĻȪһƬѪһ㣬͸һ˵Ĺ졣
Ȫ֮ڤӻǵһЩҪЩ֮
ӸղŶ˽ȪȺһ·ϺӱԵʮСģﻹûڤϢ֡


0912 ļ֮
˴ԼʱԽǽӽ磬еԽԽأ֣̫ϿѪĻȪȥ졣
ص
˫ü΢ؼҲеֲʣ̫Ҫ࣬ѹִ˹ȳɲ٣ֻɽȵĻȪϲ
ӵˣ棬أǡϫ֮աƽ
˵˴ͣ۲ܣȷ֮󣬲ּһߣһС˵һγϫ֮ٶǰǴü˻гԼ⻹мˣֻʱҵΪ̫ͣδܹ桭
ȻأǾҲûˡǰһƬʵ

ҡҡͷǰɽȵΪͻˣٴһγϫ֮δǹڤϢֲɢֻǿͨ˵һ㣬ڶĽʵ̫أڵֵڤϢʱǾѾ̫޷ͨڶˣһεҲֻ˳ȻǶ桭
˵˴ͣ·ߣתȪȵڤϢÿɢһΣһ죬ǽΪϫ֮աڤϢɢ֮󣬴Żһµʱ䣬ϫ֮¡ڳϫ֮½ǰܷʲôǶ볷˶棬һ⡣
ϫ
񣬿Զֵɽȣʵһεĳϫ֮գʲôʱ򣿡
ӵʮ֮Ҳµʮ壬Բ֮ҹصʱһڤϢɢ֮󣬵ʱȪȵˣƱض棬Ҫڳϫ֮֮ǰҲҪǵǰͷ롭
ǲȥǿ赲ڤϢ˵
û
ӵ˵ͷʼŲϸ´˻ɱһٶˡ
Ŷ
ȥΪΣŵùˣ
ӵһЦҾùӣҪɿҪһ䣬ܳϫ֮սȪȵڤϢѾʼɢȻɴ⣬ǵϫ֮½֮ʱǱһϫڤϢ͸˼䣬Ǵ˿һɼصڤϢ֡
֪ˡ
ǰɽȥ˴Լ˰ʱһɽԣֻɽٲ齦ɽγһ̶ӵǰɡ
ոյһ·ϣ˻˱ĲˣЩҲΪ˻Ȫȵܶϫ֮һΣһȪȵˣ²ǻֱ֮ͼΪҵĵطʱΪһЩƱѪȾ
ʱСδκ˾쵽ʱɽ·һһһӣǳ
ˣһЦôֻгһˣüǰأ
ûһ𡭡
˵ʱĿһֱϣЦλӣӦǼˡ
ǼˣֻҪСһ䣬Ҫȥĵطǲһܹȥ˵ģںڵĻü
ЩĿȻҲԸһ·Сӡ
лѣһСĵġ
ϲ˵ȴ룬ħڣн޳ĵطȥҪΣ
ЦЦɽϷȥЦüˡ
һ˵꣬һɫ⣬һƺɫ˲ɽֱһµˣһɷصĿ֮ˡ
ǰü
ǻѪģ·һ㣬˸е£һ֮ˡ
ںӣȥӣǻľֻһۣܹǣߵ⼸棬ֻаü˿ȥ
Сѣˡ
˿̰üֳַߵǰк
Ҳã棬Ψü˿ȥǿɿͬħڣĹˣֻǲ֪ڹǷħڣΪֵ˺εȾ硭
²˳٣߰ɡ
ǰ˼ǰǸطԶҲҪһһҹʱ䡣
ʵϻȪȺܴ󣬲ֻһɽȣƴһ֮󣬱ͬؾһ㣬ޱ޾
ɽɽһ߷ȥǰʱķһۣ𽻹Ϣ˵̫˾ʦ׷ˣֲøս֮ʱо˺ˡ
ӣôˣ
Ӽʵ
ûСתͷȥǺ棬ҹӰ˴ʱҲѾڻȪˡ
һ·ۣ±ߵˣֻеǿϢͷӹ̧ͷѿκӰ
ոաȥ
ǿϢ
ϫʶһȪȵкܶ࣬ˣֻûɵɢˣЩΪںϺڣԼδﵽʥĽ׶εߣиոջԪӤߣһζȪˡ
üˣˣǱͬһĴڡ
ȻҲųȪȵ棬ͬһЩ֣Ļü˼ҲѡڳϫǰʮðսˣΪıҪЩ˵֮ǰ档
ʱԽɣԽܹһЩϹʱħ֮սĺۼбһƽɽ壬ҲдбնϵɽһЩҳɵӣԼһЩľʯ󡭡ܹó﷢Ĳս
˷һһҹڶʱ򣬲ڽȪȵ˴ѾʼڤϢʮĳϫգȪȵڤϢŻȫˡ
˵ļ֮أ
ɽȵĻȪ棬˴ĻȪǳһϢǺɫĻ·ھʾˣҪǰߣ֮ˣرɻǡ
ôô
һЦںڵĻüһȻƿһƺ󣬾Ҳûκ·ȸ˵Ľƣһرһ浽ʱû˭˵˭
Ȼô˵ˣĳȥǰһˡ
Ȼ˫ǰȥЩȪʱһ죬ԽţӵġҪЩȪǵʴ㣡
ô
Ȼ񵭵ע£һ֦Ȫ۶֮󣬾Ѫһ֭Һȥǹ죬ûã仨ήˡ
⡭
漸˽΢΢һôܣ
ĻȪմȾ˼صڤϢ˲˿ΪοȥǱδҲ̫ˡ


0913 
ήĻȪвЦȪԼή㡭
СӣǺ
жɻ֮ǰɷ֮Щ⣬˵ȪҲˣΪȪ׿ή
˹ȻЩ򵥡
ͬɻ󣬶ļ˵УȻɻأһɷǰüЩˣҲӣСӷ˿޾ɷ֮
ȷʵڲͬȪҲ塣
ǳǳһЦήĻȪ߰ɡ
ǰڤϢѾԽԽأ˾ѸеϢԭΪ˴ڤϢӦɢòˣ벻ء
ȻЩʣܹһǰһ㲽һΣԣЦŵҿܲڤ֮͹ҵһ¿
ǰߵڤϢ̫أͷˡ
Ҳͣ˽ŲټǰߣԣһѪʱֶ𣬽ڤϢȫ赲档
˴ԼһʱǰߺȻһƬɫʯѣǵĽ룬Щʯʼһ㣬СȣСȭͷ緿ݹȫ˿УܿգܱȻ޹⡣
˴ûڤϢȴһɼǿĽ֮ȻǼˣѾ˵һƵĵط
ġǧܱЩʯͷš
ü˷һɨΧһһΣҲٶǰһΣǴʵ˺ܶˣΪֻвһ˻ų˳ȥ
ڼʮǰһΣһȻͨһĽƣڵڶƵʱȥԽ࣬ΪԽߣҲԽأȻò˳
ӣһЩ㿪ЩʯͷǧҪˡ
ɫҲһ±ϴͨһĽƣȻҴ⣬ϾλµĽƣµ֮Ѿֻʣһɲ˵ףΪٸߣվҲֻǷˣЩ޷ֿ
ЩʯͷὫʯһǽ棬һ˲ͻᱻ˺÷飬õĻҲԪӳ㿴ϵĺɫûУ
һأ㳤Ҳںˣ̧ͷʱֻеͷƤЩ飬Ͼһ׵УȥĻԪ벻
Сѡģ
Ȼü˷һ棬ֻһɨһԪһ𣬡顱һһϮʯͷˡ
ͷƺûʶЩʯͷĿ£ΪûûЩЩʯͷ֮µˣЩʯͷһȫʯ飬ҲЩʯͷʼˡ
תͷȻһ㾯ʶҲûУüӣβ㿪ЦǱʯͷˣҲЩʯͷ㿴ΧЩʯͷ˵һǡ
δ˵꣬Ȼһ֣˲ʩչԼߣֻݡһһĥ̴Сʯͷ˲ղڵλ÷˹ȥ
ʱһ亹üҪ˵ˣСĿЩʯͷ
Ｘ˵УȻʶΪ񣬸ոһ˲䣬֪ǴʲôӦЩʯͷ棬һ˵ʶѵʯͷҲʶ֡
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Сѣǰ߽أзô
ü˫üԽԽֲĽƣѾֻԱ˲ˡ
ʱ뵽ģȻǷٺ͵۹½ǽҪֵ֮ν׾٣ֻ뵽뿪ʱعѹҪ׽ֳ
صġ
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˽Գַ룬ȻΪзǽ֮£Ҳ𽥱ó
ۼǰĽԽԽأѽ⣬һ뵽棬ֹλµɽ編౻صϹŹ屦ܹѰٵһϹķôʥ֮ڣָտɴ
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ԽԽ죬ǿ֧Ųס˿һۣҪǰô
Ӧǿ쵽ˣѵҪڴʱ۷ȥô
ǰҧǰȥһɲǣȴһɱԽ࣬ƾԽأ˿ˣȻȴֵɽƣһء
һ˲䣬Ҳزɱ⣬Ѱڴʱ֣Ĳ飬ĿǰΪвԷ¹˭֣δ֪
ȵȣ
һɲǣü˺Ȼͣ˽ŲһɨһӼɫȻ˽ţüʵôˣ
ЩԾ
һֻ̣ü˵ɫЩɷףǿʲôµһҲȥеɱôˣ
ü૵ĳֽơ
ŴԣӺͳɫһ䣬ôܣＸǧ˽ǣϴҲûôԶ


0914 Ȫŵ
˴ԡǵ棿
ܿ죬Ӻͳع˴˴˴ĽƣΪûв
˴ĽǱ˴˵ĻôҪԵģ¾Ͳֻǽˡ
Ҫǰ𣿡
ʱ˹ӺͳĿⶼ˰üϣֻüüٳ¾ߣʱȻһ΢΢𵴣ɫһǰİ֮ʲôˡ
ʱعѸٲһʯ棬ģ𵴽أһصĶۻ𣬾ʲôԶžڳһ
ȵȡǣ
Ŀһֻۣǰİ֮Ȼ޴ӰӰаɸߣƶɽһž޸ÿһҪһ¡
ǡϹž񣡡
˽ԸеһϣֻǾĿ£ֻƹһÿ̤һ㼤𳾰ɸߣȻֻϹʱڵսɱֲҲС
Ѿ꣬ỹϹž񡭡
ɫЩ΢΢ףΪѾǿǣ˿ȻеϢǾ֮ɽѵأʹǼˣҲСӡ
Щȥ꣬ûСһЩҪˡ
Զ񣬵˵˴쳣֮Ȼֹ
Ѿȥľ񡭡
һŴԣ˸һüӡһӣһƷɳ˲仯һֽżˣֽżǱ߷ȥ㱻ֻ֣һ˫ȻѪɫâ䡱һʱֽż˴ûҷⷽԲʮڣ쳾
üɫ΢΢һ䣬ͺȥΣ
׼ʥ˽׵ü˳˵
˽ס
ͺӾеͷ΢΢һ˽׵ǲκεĻҲֽͬżһҷ𣬶ȫֿҲδصסȥѾûжʶҲˣһֱ֮ˣԾܱ䷢֡
һЩΧľʯΪڣǱйȥ
ѵֻСһ߲Ϲžˣһ߻ҪʱʱĽס
һʱ䣬һ·ϸĵڶƵľͷѾЩϹžӰϵҲɢȥˣ¶ϲɫǴڶˡ
ٿüˣ˫ü뵽֮ǰ˵ģ˴ĽƱ˴ˣҲ˵һ˾˭Ūˣ
߰ɡ
ü˳ĬΣǰȥǰѾ֮ܲˣͬʱҲûɭɭڤϢˣģԽԽ･ӳģһľԴĹȡ
⡭
ˮȣƽУɾ
˾һ㶣һɲǣΪ˻֮Уϸǰһнʵãֻʵδ뵽ǧ˲ҿĻȪȣ澹һ츣ء
ǻȪŵء
һ·Ӧ˹˶ʱϲ⣬ǧ㣬û뵽ڤϢͽ֮󣬾˴˵֮еĻȪŵأ
ǰﲢСȪֱ֣ڤϢ͸ʱű˳ȪǰƬ޾ĵطȻһ֮ء
Ȫŵء
Ҳѭ˵Ҳ˵ǹżᵽġȪؾˣ

һ̣м֮飬ЦŵֻҪҵؾܹҵϸʱʧЩؼǷ
ȤȤһ˲ûа
ҲɭɭЦΨаüˣʱȥɫأӼһصӣЦѾˣüǰǻʲôǣ
ԣüһŵ볱ϫ֮ջ죬ʱڤϢȫɢô˶桭
ЦЦԭڵģڤϢɢˣɻƣδؽһ˵ǽΣǧҵǵһˡ
Ц֮ȽģֻҪץʱ伴ɣλмǣһҪһºϫ֮ǰȥĻҪȼһγϫܳȥˡ
һʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ЦЦһǰȥˣתһۣӣҪһ𣿡
ǡȲø˵̫硣
ܵľ˵һ˵ԭѾǰȥĳͣתʲô˼
һ̣ͰüҲ˹˫ü΢ʵ仰ʲô˼
ǰ˼Զɽˮȣص֮ǰڵڶʱ򣬰ü˲˵˴Ľơ
ŴԣӺͳһ㶣漴ԶİüȥֻԷüĬãſڵСѣǷʲô
Զ͵֣˵
˵ʲô
Ӹһ㶣һ죬նصܣܻ˱Ƚ
ûУȥ֪ô
һ˵꣬㲽һ̤ʱϷɽǰɽ͵֮ȥ˼״Ҳɽȥ
ƣޱ޼ʣ󣬺ˮɽλһɰϢ˽µķɽҲ
ô¡
˲ɵһΪ̼ⷢ˷ɽٶȣƬ֮󣬾Ⱥɽ֮ǰɾ֮òǴǽ壬ɽ嶼⵽ƻܲľѾȻܹսµĺۼɽ⵽ƻԸԭ
⡭
ԲȺɽûһ֮òһȺɽƺǱĿֲݻٵģΪ˿̣ǻܹܵĽ
ǿĽ
ղľӦǻڼʮǰǹ˼ʮ꣬ɽȻﲻɢһǸеϢ岻ϴǾֻһֿܣĽһλʥµģ
Ǿ׼ʥΪܹǸеģǾֻʥǿߣ
һλʥ֮
һأǰüҲ΢΢ɫһľţ̮ɽ壬ʵʮǰ﾿ʲôﷶΧڵɽ壬һ
һ˲䣬˶еЩ˵ĺ䣬ôҲǻȪŵأλµķӡƣܹӽƣ׻ȥԲڵһУҲֻʥܹ֮ˣʥǿߣԭֲ


0915 ӡ
һ̣˶еЩͷƤ飬棬׼ʥǿߣ˾η˲
Ǵ˿̣ȴܹóʮǰⷽԲһĿֲĻ궼Ҫҷ𡭡
ʥ֮˵ֶô
ҲΧһٵɽ壬ʵĪǾʥ֮һ
ӡôˣ
תȥȴÿɫЩ쳣ܿ죬ָ˹ҡҡͷû£ǰ濴ȥ
ּǰȥԼɳʮʱȻһ
ȥֻǰ߲Զһɽ壬⸽Ψһһûбɽ壬ɽм䣬ˣ
⡭
˾һ˵ʹǵΪҪһɽҲ׾٣ǻȪŵأؽƣɽΧûбٻΨм䱻ˣˣδҲ̫ˡ
ƺǡһӡһƴ򴩵ģ
¶ɫ˲ԣ˹ȥڿ壬ȷʵӡֻһϸ֮£ӡԼɿһӡ·һȦһһоŸӡҲǵھŸӡ׽ɽˡ
ǡҵľƣ
üɫһ䣬˳ϴʱʶҵľƣһǾû
ƣʱʵ򰵲Ϻ󾢣һ裬ǿǿ󷢾ŵһǿһɽ֮ΪٸߵˣҲӲ
üɫףû뵽ҵˣȻ
ҡ
һʶȥϣ˿̾κα仯ֻһģһӡη紵İ׷
һߣ𽥻ع˿뿴СӴʱĪҲϵôƷ֮ǰ˵Լҵˡ
ҵƷе˼
ɭɭЦЦˣҲعҵĹ䣬˫ǳƵڶĻ˸ҳƵһ۷֮ʱ֮˵ķɽһ㡣
ӣϵóƷ֪Ǻ¡ʱȥʵ
ϵãҲ֪
ƽƽϿκα仯˿ȴƱһһһΣѪ
˴ӡһǵ길£һƱȻش̫ӣһơҲľ˸ȫ
شһ̣·Ҳؼı
кĻұ㽫һ½ԴŮĻᣬ黭𡭡
Ϥ·ڶ߻۾ԸȥԸȥҲԸȥ룬һһԶȥˡ
ӡ
΢΢һ㶣˫ֽӡ׷ȥɳ⣬ͣ£ֵʲô
ߣ˵ųޣ֪˭ȴֱ˳𡭡
Σ
һɲǣȻúǺӣҲ˸ԭڴУһɺ֮
һ˵ڤϢˣҲˣĳ֮ˣڡ˵ָֻ꣬һ˲仯һԶȥ
ʧƼĽӰüԽԽҡͷһ̾ӡһһȥ
ȥѰˣ˵ĿģֻǽѣҲֻʱģĿĴﵽˣֵҲһ£Ϊᱦ˴˴֡

ڶʱֻصǰȺɽķΧڣҵһЩۼֻ֮вƵɽ壬Ľ֮⣬Ҳûбʲôˡ
죬ҵ棬ٵطѰˣʶⷽԲǧѰ˸飬ȴҲҲκһ˿ۼ
ȻҲɻ֮ǰع˵Ǵĸȥʴ֮أȴȪʲôȪ־ʲôܡ
һʱ֪˺δɽ岼Щ죬һһһһ𣬶ɽ£͸
ǿ
ĸӦδ룬ʱҲܵˣصǹԴԴӿΪһƬȪŵزڤϢʴԭˡ
һɲǣѾµ˼֣˲佫ʶص̽£Ȼǵص֮۵Ϣ
Ѿҵ˺̶֮ۺۣ֪ۣ֮֮֮еһ
ʱкȻһʶǰ𰴫Ѷ
ȡ㣬˸ʶ̽룬һƽҲɽ濴ȥһüĽ


0916 ζ
ƬȪŵأ߰գϫڤϢѾȫɢȥκ˶ܹ˵أΪһ¡
һºڤϢֻȪȣʱ˶Ҫ뿪ֻܳȥǴ˴⵽ƻڤϢҲ͸Ļô˶
ոյ˰𽴫ѶϢ߷˽ƣڳͨƣգƬĻȪŵأͲκˣͬʱѶϢ滹ᵽҵҲˡ
üĽҵ˵ʲôʱ֪벻ҲΪѰ䡣
ҵǽʲôԷκνڲ롣
һ׷Ѱŵص֮۵ϢƬŵظȥˣҲ֪ü˺ͺǼˣֵ˺δ
ʱֹȥ죬յʱѾܵߵϢͨˡ
ųϫƺƣҲʱˣǵֵס˴Ȫȵǧߡ
ʱЩߵĻϢѾԽԽأƬŵڲ
һطܹóһЩӿˣػѰҪĶɴ˵ص֮飬ܿ죬⴦֮صɽܵƻ
ӽ֮ʱ׷֮۵ϢһԨϷʱһɫӰٿȻ󣬲Ǳˣ𰡣
ϡ
ǰ˹֣˵ʲôʱȴȻһ̧֣ʾҪ˴˴֮ۡ
ãԨ洫Ϣתȥǰ𰣬ʵֻһ˽𣿡
˵ͷ棬ҽϡ
˵ֻ꣬ǰ˼Աߣ׵Ԩȣ棬˵Ҳл֪澿жֻ﷢֮۵𡭡
ҡҡͷһβΣһɽõ̶֮۵ʱʱȷ̶֮ںδҲȷ߸֮۵еһ
ڶõۣ֮˵ЩżȻҲɶһ׷ãͬʱ֮Ҳȷ֮ۡ
һΣȷȪŵ֮һֻ΢΢ܵһϢһϢ·ʱɢͬƮþһ̺ۣһɢ
ҲüͷԨعһۣʵǰǲʲôҪҵģ
ԣ̧ͷǰѾ鵽˴Ȫȵ֮Щˡ
Ŷ
ԶֵɽȥһԸȤʵЩˣ
˫ü΢˵һˣζμŮżѪųƽǧҵһˡ
ҵһˡ
һۣ紵գǧҵһˣӦǸô
ˣʮǰѾ״ҵˡ
Ǻǣһˡ

¶һ˿Цʵ֮ǰѾµˣ濴ȥһĮνӣʵİɣϾҵǸˣ
һ˵ζϰһ䣬ͬʱ漫ߵĵ
Ŷ˫ô
أȤ䣬໥ų⣬ͬԲ棬伫ܹ˫޵ͬʱգҲͨ
ʱ˵ƺζǡǡ㡣
˫ü΢һ澳ġɡ֮ʱɾУڶݶɾΪʦΪɾĸմ֮һ
ɣɾ
΢һü˵֮а˴ţ澳ǿ֮һɾдѷɽ磬λ˼ģֻµһ
˴ͣһּԭʮһζһֱ޵β֪ΪΣͻȻҡ
Ŀ⣬һԶɽ࣬ʵζһһûбҲ˻Ȫŵأ
صһŮƺΪɽŮǸζһģ⡭ҵһλϣҲһֱиں汣ǣˣŶҵһЩ֮
֪ˡ
˫ָԶɽᴵϵİ׷һ̣֪롣
⣬ζѾ߱ȥɽʸ񡭡
ô
һΣϲ޶ٱ仯ֻ֮ǰʱع˵꣬Ψһһõɽʸˡ
һ㿴ҵζʦñΣ
⡭
һ̧ͷֻĸ֣ضá
һضá߰ɡ
˫һ㣬ѳ˷ǰȥȥ׷ŵصϢ֪ʱ䡣
죬ȪŵصѾˣΪһЩ飬Ҳƻ֮һҵĵطɱ˶ᱦҲǳ֮£οһĹɵأ֮䣬ᡣ
һʱѾ׷ϢһĹ棬Ѿ׷֮Ҫҵص׵ۣ֮Ҳһ
׷ҹʱ䣬Ҳֻһ֮۵ϢǶԴһЩ̾ɢһ˿Ϣ
СһЩҪ˴˴
ǰ棬һͬĹȥԼһʱ󣬲ŽĹȵĹȵȻһԨ
ϡ㿴
±ϣԨȥֻһɽᰣȻǹԨ棬ʲôֻһԨʼ޵͸һΣϢ
׷ôЩ죬еͷˣԨ棬˵ܾ±ߣȥ𰣬档
ǡ
΢΢һ㶣ȻҲܹܵԨ£ĳ޵ΣϢһȥĻǸΣ
Ҫ֮ʣȻ䣬һ䲻ȵŮԶ˹˴²ܶ
ڹ𣬽ţԨȵĶһϢһ̧ͷӰٿȻǱߵϡ
ȥʮɾ룬룬߶ԣһĿȻֻԼ߰˸ˣΪ׵ģȴһŮӡ
ƮƮ±ϣһۿʱ·Ǵƶӣһ²Ⱦ˳˫ˮżͬı䣬ƽ񣬷ѿ쳾ǧѣǧ˿ȴַ·ų
ǧѺһ˵״ơ
ԣվһŮŮȥ귽ʮˣһССһȹˮȥɬ
ֻǰŮӵĳɣŮԵ࣬¶ǡǱλС磬ǡǽ׷ա


0917 Ԩ
Ůδ˵꣬㱻ǰŮӿڴˣ˵ˡ

Ů΢΢һ㶣̧ͷһģҲټ˵ˣֻǶˣȥҲģǶΪ
ҵô
ѲµǼҵˣǴŵȹŮôԱߵİŮӣǸҵһˣζˡ
˿˸ԨӣͬԨߵɽһǧ꣬˭Ŀ⣬ƿ֡
һ±ýģѽԭڴ֮ǰ𽻹ţҲ׷ɱ֮£Ͽɽӣǵ֪ҵһˡ֪ôҲˡ
Ĵ´˫ָ󣬿Ŷζղ˵˴Ҳܶô֮ϣдСҡ֣
㡭
һŴԣζ󼸸ӵܾǰһվ˫Ŀ˲֪ô֮ˣ
ζһֹ̧סļˣԨƽƽ˵ղҼ˵һʱ鼱ԣ˴ΪȪҵ֪꣬̽ڻȪȣһ׷գԨֻθҪ֡
Ŷ
ͬȻ˵࣬˵˵ȥ˼֮ǰǾ仰Ҳû𡭡
һɲǣζкâһ䲻ȵصˡ
Ҳա
һص˵˴׷գȾִָΣ
㡭
һԣζǼ˸ǰһվһֱָ֪СǺεݣúõ˵ĪҪ֪ô
ʱҲǰҲǺ˵ָһ£ҽֿˣ
ۼ˫ִŮһʱֻøż֪Ȱ˵һɲǣζԨ³ȥߵ˶δӦѲ׹Ӱ
ϡ
΢΢һݶ룬һ˲䣬Ԩȥڶ£Ǽ˽һҪȥһ±ߣܵ洫ΣϢæס˽Ų

±ߣ̫ߣԨ͸һϢΣϢΪҲȥ
С㣬ҿûбĵطȥ
ʱһǶҲЩΪѰطԨǿ׾ٷȥ˴֮Щǿ˺֮óȻȥĻûдСһ£Ȼᱻ֮˺÷顣

˵ͷƵóЩģǵζΣգո±ߴ
Ϊߣȴһ˭޷ġ£ܹ׶Ϥһ˵ΪǸոգȴȫ͸¶Ǹ˵Ϊ

˴Ԩ޵һ㣬ζˣһ׹䣬ȻҪ˭ܹڶԷǰͷȥ
ӽԨ׵ʱ򣬶˵ٶȼѴﵽޣʱȻһɿֲ֮ͳ˷ӿٶȳ֮£Ȼ׼ʥҲǵ÷ǲɡ
Ȼʱٶ̫죬ʹͣȴڰУ޴ǧһ֮ʣ˲ʩչ֣ץסһң͵һǾҶʱ飬ȴʹǱƿʮɾ룬˲Ϣһ֮
ٿζҲʩչֵͬʱһ˲һ̨̨֮ϻⲻȻɼһ±Ա߶˿ȥ
˾һ˲㿪ǵ˺֮˴˶һۺһ˲Ԩ׳ȥȻԽ£һ֮ԽܼԽǿֲӿ
ֻζ̤磬һδαֱ֮ܿԨ׶ȥѰ֮ˣܰ쵽
ٹͬɲʩչ˼£裬µʯʩֻܿµһӰ䱾
ڣԨײɾ룬˴˺֮谭ζӰ̨һԾ£ʩչɲ˼ͬһ˲ء
±ߵĵƿֻ࣬ЩʪΪ̫̫
˴ʱȻʮɾ룬Ҳͬʱһ˴˶Ӳ
˺һζŵڵһṦ˵ã֪ʦкţ
˫ָ󣬿΢ĩ򣬱ѧգʦͽ档
Ը˵ζ֮֮ͬУܼҲĵ
֮ȻңȴһЩǰ˵俴ȥԼ£ȴһ£ʦ
ζҵĴС㣬˱£ȴЩҵ裬Ŀˡ
෴Щ޵ѷǳܼʱأܱһŲҵˮ֮ģ֮ǰϵһ仰Ҳֻ鼱֮˵ǿơ
˿̣ʵҽζ֪¡γƺ
աص
ŶƺЩ⣬ǡɣ
ζֱӸղһ𣬴ƺͶԼĳֵ⣬ϲ֮ǰԼǾ仰Եʡ
ΪΪ˾һˣΪһ仰Ͳǿҵĵ⣬ֻЩоСˣײˣŻΪһԲϱޣֻ޲ɱ˶Էȫһ㡣
ŴʱԷԨһζĿҲ˾ΪΣԼһĪ⣿
Īʦг
һͨͨˣ޷ҲֻΪ˶ѣʦ֮ĸ˳Ϲϵ֮䣬ر𣬸ܻκν


0918 ޹
һɲǣºȻһ΢΢𵴣ͬʱɫһĿӶԷƵ˵棬Ȼ˵ͻȻ룬˴˴
ϡ
ʱԨһɫӰȴ𰣬ã֮Ѿλ׷ȥ̽죬Ҫ֮ʱƺֱ֮ǿȡ֮ڴˣס
á
ԣһ˲Ϣ㻯һԶɢˡ
ζ״˲ּ̨Ҫ׷ȥͬչɲһһ֮ƵٿȻӿ˹ȥ
ζϮȴŲæһӡǷӡգʱȫһâ䡱һǵһơ
˺Ĺ
ʹһƣζҲʱˣǰˣԼ£ȴԼ֮£֮ͬУһˣδȸ֡
ʵִһ¾Ȫۣ֮ˮʹǰԼ£Ҳִڸʤ֣֮֮ҪҵȪۣ֮Ȼҡ
ۼڶҪϮζȻ¾סΣȥȪۣ֮δ̫棬֪Ȫ֮۵ʲôóȻȥȥ
Ҿã㻹ǲҪ̫Сˡ
ҹӰɣҲҹӰʮ棬ÿ˵Ϊ㲻úܸߣǰµֶûʧ
ֻǰû뵽Ȫﾹһۣ֮ĻҹӰȫ
ϧҲø¾˴˴֮ۡ
ζȻ͸ֺ⣬һ̣ȻǰˣԼе⣬ҿӣ˶Ȫ֮Ҳ־ڱصã˵ȥ档
Ȼֻ΢һָʱһѷǷ֣ϸȴɫϣ̨̤˴˻ӳͬʱųɹâһ˲佫Ԩ׵֮Ҳɢࡣ
Ȼ̨ԷǷľҶΪġ̨Ϊ޹޹ɶɾ֮û뵽ɱζ
ȻһҲܵˣ֮ͨѿɽ編ֻζߣΪʼδʥܹ֮﷢ӳʮ֮һ
˼֮ʣȻһ̽ѳն˵жྪ춯أȴޱѸչɲܿһ˲䣬ֶĽ޿ɱܡ
Ƭ֮ڶԷƹ֮£ȥԼǱ޹ɱһ̫֮࿹ģΨе۹½
Ƕõ۹µĻʱöԷ֪ͬʱԸһԼСЩŮӣûҪԵ۹¡
ۼ·磬һʱ䣬ζеĽǱԨҶҲһ˲仯ǧͬʱնȥ޴ɱܣ
콣ն֮ʱȻһâɳУһâɽ
˽ǵ۹£֮һѡ齣ʱҲһ㣬ʮر｣һʩչζ콣ʱҶ𣬲
Ľ
ζһټĽ̼Ľƣʱ˷նٶٿҲ޿ɱܡ˾Ǻ
ϸϸȥ룬ǧӰѳζȴŲæĽһףͬʱ˫ֽӡдʣģȻɡ
ڻһ˲䣬̤޹̨ȻӰһ½У飡Ľֵ棬ֵ棬ȥ
Ա֮ʩҪңûпܣǿйֻܷ
ʱֻζ˫ȻֽӡƮһ㣬֮УκιöЧǿйĻֻƷʩ߱
˿̣Ŀ΢ŮӣȻܸߣǶɾǧһȣ۶ĻҲ벻Ķ֡
Σ»Ҫô
ζ˫ֽӡĿһ߸ϵӣڷһУԲмһˡ
ûԣһɲǣֻһ죬һɺȻоһŨŨһ±㳯ζȥ
⡭
ŨŨʱζҲɵ΢΢һ֮ǰԷʹҲŹ²ӦҲ֮ˡ
ɴʱԷʹȹ޵֮ʹģֻǲȻʼȾ֮Ӱħ˲еֶΣ
ԭ£ħ֮ˣ
ζһһ˲䣬üΪ֮ˣȴħ֣֮Թħû뵽ǰˣħ֮ˣ
һ£κο֮ɫħˣǺ޲ó֮죬ֻǰˣϷһɼΪԪ֮һͬŵĹһħ֮ˣˣ
ħ㿴ΪΪħ
񵭵һ̾Ŀζһʱ㯣֮ʱݶɾΪʦһ֪統ʱһħ棬ǵħħ߾ɻΪһ̸
ԭˡ
һɲǣζøˣˣֲǰҲһĵΪһʼҲˣȴںΪħԦһ֮ħ
ʱ˿̣ԺȻһˣδǸˣֻż˵ʱҲɵ͸һ֮ɫ±޵֮ˣȴָΪħԦϧˡ
Ǻǡ
ص㻹ûסﱾԴ򷨽Ȼ֪Ϊ޹޹ߣΪа󣬼ȲΪаֺħִڵħһħ½֪֮Ϊ˹ѡڶɾѧҲֻƤë
㡭
һʱ֮䣬ζ˵ƿԣҲЩңڳһɲǣǵ֮ӰѺۡ
⡭
ζʱعҲѾˣ顱һ֮ӰʱķѣɢΡ
һ˲䣬ƣٿȻһæ֮䣬ζٻسĽ顱һǿסһƣȴòȥ
վ֮Ͼɫһܿͻָ糣Ҳƽ
һأǰ˵ֻղŶԷһֻĶѣ޵꣬ոһ¾ģ˹Ȼа֮а
ʸ£ʲôˡ
һΣܶԷţֻǵص֪ġ
һ±ñ˪ʱص׺Ȼһ𵴣⸽Ҳ
һɲǣζȻʶʲôһֱԼʱ䣬ȴѾҵȪ֮ˣһ̣ϲɵ΢΢һ䣺㾹ǿȡۣ֮
ȻصΡ


0919 ζɱ
㡭
ʱֵȻζ˫üһܹܵõǰˣֻǶԼĳ޵ĵ⣬ƺǶһֵ⡭
ˣѵĵˣ
ȻʱҲ˲ȥ²ǰ˾ʲôˣָֻһ̨𵴴ķȥ
ŮӣҲ⣬ԭΪ׼ʥ£Ѿܹ֣ҵ֮ŮΪȻҲһδ޳׼ʥʵȴһЩ׼ʥ֮ϡ
ǰߴԽԽң˫һ̤չɲ׷ȥζ׷зһɨһɰʱɽһ㣬͵سӿȥ
֮һ·ɽʯ˲仯촷ۣһԾȻʮɸߣһпľȥ
޴֮ߵ¶ڲʯϹζһɨǿԪͬһƴһƲɵĵҵĹ䣬Ϊ
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ײʱõضɽҡɽʯϹұ棬Ҳһ²Ѻۡ
ֻζ̤Ծʮɾ룬ɫһƣܹԸܵ˵ĹʮѾһЩϣ˾Ǻ
У΢ղһƣͬܵˣҹȷʵŵѰ֮ˣѰ׵Ŀľ
ϾƷǵ̨棬λڣһƷɱȡ
½գǶҪˡ
ܿ죬ζѾ侲ɶɾĸͽҼŮǧһ֮Ů·һϾͰŸֹ⻷
澳Ī˵֮ͬˣһЩǰ֣Ϊӡ
ǽգȴһʵµͬˣԴӣһɲǣ͸һɺɱ
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ĸܵˣʱкȻ͸¶ɱ⣬ָָֻö룬ȻֻͨѣǻѪ롣
֪ǰҴС㲻κѪԵϵΪ길ףԭֻҵһ֮ʲô֮󣬸Ǹ߸ϵļаֹϵֻͬѡ
ʹˣҲûбҪǰŮʹɱֻ֣Ȫۣ֮ҪõôŮҡ
Ǵ˿̣ζвŵɱȴԽԽ䣬ԼΪûܹеκα仯ĸ֪˵ʱ֮͸¶ɱ⣬κһ˿仯Ҳĸ֪
һ˲䣬һɨһֻһδöѿȥ
öǻѪľɱ֮ʱȴǾ׼ҪѨȴܽʱס
ȻζʶܲʱٿȻöԭѾʱֻܱУὣһöһһ˿
ķ뱾£ȻʮֻһöССͨ룬Ҳֻ޵طŴ
ζøӺ䣬һɨΧʮɷΧڵҶһ˲仯˵ޱȵУǵسնȥ
˼УҲҴ⣬˫һ˲仯ǧ룬һ㣬ƬƬҶֱζȥ
˶Ƭ̣أѷʤʱԶ𵴣ȴԽԽˡ
ζǿȪֻۣ֮ƻ˴ͬʱȪ֮ҲʧҲָϱЩܹʱȡȪۣ֮һֻܿԼ
ȻֻշһָӡͬʱдʣɫĿä˶
һɲǣһϯأǰһУȻȻʧɫҲȻʧˣؼ䣬ʧȥɫһһĳš
£úôһʱɡζ䣬һɨѼ̨˲Զȥˡ
ȻԨ֮£·ĳʵĻþǰһУʵȴʧȥɫҲκһһڴˡ
ζĵɫĿһдߣһֱ֮أܹƳԶ߳ȥ

ʱԨһߣֻУ֮ŬԽȪ֮۴ӵصҹӰʮ˶ڣһ֮԰쵽
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Ԩȣ𶯵ԽԽȥػᾪߣɫЩ΢΢ףһ亹ȻȪۣ֮յĺ̶֮ۺ֮۸ȡá
ʱԶȻնΣյĸ֪һ˲Ա߶㿪ˣعͷȥֻ֮⣬һӰζǰһ֮⣬һգۺ󣬱ڰڡ
⡭
ֻһ˶ȴӰʱδܹסȻˡ
ζʱ䣬̽˼Ȫۣ֮ò׷ٵˣȴƻʱԣһɨն˹ȥ
ܹζĽεֵסδն޷նУͬһ׼ʥһնУֻһܣ
ݣ
һ˲䣬ӰӰһɲǱɢȴܿЩ
ˣҲɵ΢΢һζصɱΪϡ
ϸ룬һ죬뽫֮ȡأζһһӿȥ𰻹δû֮Ѹеǰһ̩ɽѹֻ÷֮һˣԱԷ嵽顱һʱֻѣһһѪӿ
ʱζȴȻɱָһĽʱһâֱգһֱȡȥһ˿أ
һΪλԼɱأΪǡ
һ˲䣬Ѿ뵽ˣζҪɱԼͷ֪ϺܿͻǸʱϱȻסԼȥȡ֮ۡ
ָ˸ղǼ֮ˣΪ˱֣ҪɱԼԼԩ޳
뵽˴ʱеȫһ䣬׹˱ԨһҹӰЩɱˣѽ֮⣬ʱҲе⴫ŮɱϣĻϵһУ
Ǵ˿̣ѾܣҹӰʱȴվֻһˣܹסΪ߳ζֵܹסζĳĽ
ۼһԽԽ޴ӣѽȫ֣ȻǱ֣֮


0920 Ȫ֮
ǧһ֮ʣԶһâһζĳĽˣˣĿֲ֮£ʧȥƣ˳ȥ
ֻһӰ˲Ϣ԰нסˣ˰׷ƮƮ
ϡ
𰾪긦лմһѪָһιһöٻĿ⣬ȴʼؿζ
ζ̤һ죬Ľ˻ͬû뵽ôԼġɫĿ
ȥһԡ
Ŀ䣬俴ŲԶǸٳŮӣ˳һˣ˭뵽еɱ˹ϡ
ǡ
ҲԣղζˣܹǲףаٻһʱƬ̼䣬Ҳٴ󶯹ˡ
ֻȥԶ͵ϥ˹ˣߣ䣬һâ˲Ϣѳζ
ζʶһ˲ȻǿϢԼһɣ޵ɱҴ⣬һɨȫһâһƷײ顱һʱõضɽҡ
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ֻ̤һɣܿĹƷΧһսڼϣ˵ǻ˴˴ҲõȪ֮ۡ
Ρ
䳹ǣδ䣬˲乥ȥζٶԣһ˲仯ǵسնȥͬʱϣٴһâظ
飡飡飡
죬һ̣˾ԣٲأһʱֻذɽλؿѡ
ֻɲʩչ£ڰ²Ӱ޼䣬ƣζʼԶԣзʱɨʱ̶ȴδԷ־Ĳʵǹֹ֮
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˶ԽԽͣɳ죬ȴδע⵽ص춯ѾԽԽǿңڤ󿪣һϢ˹ݷڵصĹħҪ
ϡ
һɲǣԶ۾ƺʲôʱֻǹȵһ˿˿Ϣ͸䲻֪ЩϢʲôܸһֲĸоʱٹζˣ˴ʱ򶷵ңƺȫδо쵽˵ص쳣
ֻЩ
ʱѾָһЩɫЩ԰ףҪ֮ʱȻصһ𵴣վȣһȥ
ۼɽĺϢԽԽأɫɷףֻҪ£˴Σգ֪ϣ뿪
ȻʱԶ˴ü֮ȻǧգһҪȪۣ֮ǲ˴˵춯Ƭ֮䣬ָΪˣ

һ죬˼ԣ÷Բʮɽʯѣ죬ζһзһɲǣҲΪѾ˴˵ص쳣Ǻ޹˼ɣһһʽ֮䣬ǳɱ
䣡
ٴһײԪˣһ˲ޣ֮ʱХζȥ
ۼȿֲϮζ˿Ҵ⣬һɨʱתһƻӳɽ֮ƣ¡һ֮˴˵ˡ
˾һˣϢҲЩңܿ죬ƽϢٳ֮ʱȴζüĳһֵɫӡǡҵѪӡ
һɲǣϵϢǿ࣬ʹԶ𰣬һҲеϢѡ
ҵѪӡ˽ԻӵмѪ֮ˣ˵֮У೤ϣ޷ѪӡԻһ棬ֻܹԻѪӡ
һζһȴΪ˭͵ҸǣѪӡȥƺζҪ
ʱձ˪ȴδȥζüĵĻӡΣӡΪЩϤƺ
ˣ
һɲǣˣصʯ̣ȥɱžʱԽƬããɳĮɳĮ·һƬϹż
Ϲż棬Ѿľǿߣ˵ʯ̣ʯ棬صķţζüĴĻӡһѵ
һ̣뵽ʲôһɲǣδعζʩչһƷ˹Զʱһϵģ
ƽʱڻعȴһƻӳҪֵϸһԷһ˲ɱӣɽһӿȥ
һ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ˣ֮ǰһ򴩵ɽ壬ҵľƣ
ϣ
ԶǺȻһΣɹȥ죬ǾƵһһͣȻЩܲסһʱҲǵͬɽһɡ
һֻ̣ζۺɱ˫һ𣬾ƵƸͣǸɽʯҲһ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ۼ˵޷סҾѧΪٸߵ׼ʥҲС֡
һɲǣȻһƬɪֻ֮˫Ʒһ̣ؼҲһ֮⣬һ˲䣬ʮʩչ˳
ǧĪޣ֮ޣ֮졭
һ̣뵽Ĳδ룬ʦ֪ΪΣ뵽ʦһɲǣһԵȻӿͷʹƵȻǿֹ
䣡
ƶʮƣʱѣΧɽͬʱǲ㿪ѣɽȸһ˲Ϊ飬Ȼɳ̡
ζû뵽Է˿µƷʱײ֮£̤ʧȥƣ岻ܿƣХֻһ˲䣬ԲǧɵգȻˡ
ձֲʥҲδܹѣѾȫʧȥ˿ƣɽȱ֮һƬ׵ĵصԨ˾ͬʱ׹ȥԶδܶҲˣǵص׹ȥ

ʱڻȪŵصһطҲ֮ǰͺӡü˼˷ֵƬɽ֮ء
һµ߲ŵһƬݻٵɽ壬ߵΪȻѾ׼ʥ磬ֻһ˲䣬򴩵ɽǰɽľŵӡʱϸ¶˾֮ɫ
ƣ
һڰбζ峤ϣӡ
ʧ˲䣬ԶȻһ𵴣ع𵴴ķȥһֻвʲôɫһ䣺ζˣ
䣬ֻ˲仯һâ𵴴ķȥˡ


0921 ص
صһƬʪ֪׹䵽˺δҲ֪˶ãת
ϵЩһɳʪõζΧ˿ȴֻһƬʲôҲ
𰡭𰣿
𡭡ϡ
Զ΢ղ׹ĵطԶֻ̫ڣûһ˿˴
նһ£еһʹӿȫǿҪɢһ㣬ǿԪһ⻪ܡ
˴֪ģΪղıȫʯ˾߰Զĵط˫ȱһ׹ĴʯͷѹסˣɫҰףҲ亹ȥЩʹࡣ
𰡭
˹ȥֻ亹ʵ
̧ͷҧ촽촽ҲЩףʧȥѪɫȻʹҲ˵ˡ
ѹʯͷ˿˵𶯣ҽʯͷŲ
˵գֻ˫ʯͷԵСһ½ʯͷƷ˳ȥʱֻеһ˺ѷεʹ۽Ƕ顣
ֻ˫ȱѹȻѾѾʣ̧һ¸۵Ҳ˳
ӹǣס
һ˵ţһСȣһַֻϥϷ˫һ֨һʱϹǽˣһ£ȴ۵һ̲ס˳ۣۡ
˹أʱ޷˹ѰŮҲû֮ʹܡ
ʹӣҲɵüϾ仹СǰĻʹҲ߳
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˫üĹָܻܿҲֻһ˶ѣʱΧ˿ζӰʵղ׹ʱ㿴ζ𣿡

ҡҡͷûп

˵ͷո׹ʱʵ˴˴һƣһƣʹȫһ˲䣬ζ̨ɳȥȴһƺӲһ׹ȥˡ
һѾܹվֻжٻв㣬ţǰ˼еһɼص
һס˺һ̣Χ·һĳţܹ
ϡģ
ģԽԽеһԵѹ֣ΧһƬǵظڤһİ
ϴ˿ͻȻ뵽˵λһն˵ʹ˴ڤһѺۣѵǡ
ꡣ
Ȼ˸ƣһɲǣоʲôڿ
Ҳס˺Χ֪˫ֽץøˡ
ɷɷɷɷɷ
ʱ˵ΧȻһİĹһƬǴӵصϸ֮£֮顣
⡭
Щӵص飬ʱֻеһͷƤ飬ѵ˵׹䵽ڤˣ˶顭
ܿ죬糱ˮӿһƬͷƤХ֮
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Щӿ飬𰻤漴һ˳ȥһɲǣ֮£Щסһ㣬󾹷糱ˮ糱ˮȥܿʧӰ
ֱãع֪Ѿһ亹ЩĻ꣬ɢȥˡ
߰ɡ
ǰİܸ֮о˵˵Ĺ죬ڲ֪ˣǰ߿ûгڡ

ʱһطֻصʯһŹǿһâ
ʯֻһŮӵڵϻԲѣζȻ֮ǰ׹ʱҲ˲С𵴣˺ѵԵʣδһԶ
˿ֻ̣˫Ŀգ䳤ĽëƲһʹմЩȥҲֻ׹쳾ӣȻǾ
ζζӦˡ
˭˭˵
һ̣ζ·֮УԼŵô
ζѣζѡ
ģһ̴۵İ׷ߣ߿ȥ뷢ףȴȻӢˣٲȻһλ˼۷ǿߡ
үү
ζתȥϲһΪԼ￴үүѵô
λ׷ߣҼ磬ֻζһ̾ζˡ
үүΪ̾
ζؿүүԼΪһĻЩϤ·ʶĻ桭

縺ֶ̾Զ谵ʣζ֪ڹŶ磬ңǿĴڣη֣ǵһλ棬ϣǿ֮һ
֪
ζ˵ͷЩԼСʱүүѾԼ˵ˣΪν죬Ҫᡭ

糤һ̾ʧ٣֪ʲôΪǡڣڻܸ㣬ζ𣿡
ζס
ζͷȥָ̾ҵڶǰѾӽݽߣʱֻһ˷ˣڣȫҺͼϼһһ߿֧ţһţ˻֪£⼸֪ˣֻʱ֮ʣζ֪Ϊȥ𡭡
ζҲ֪
ζָԽԽЩСʱѾΪүүգҪ˵һ顭
ֻ̧ͷᶨصζѾˣүүģȽζһﵽλĴ˵֮һңûԭǵһУҲһ࡭
ζ㻹ûгҴȥһط
үүҪȥģ
ζȥǰԽԽеЩۣǰߣ̾ǧǰĺ˻ĵΧңȡλŮ˵УһսУʱİ˻ˣ˻˯
Ů
ζһ૵ǡ뵱ʶλŮѾ𡭡
ŮûȥѾתˡ
ʲô
ζһŮ飬Сʱүүûи߹ѵ˿һУΣ
ŮѽѪֻתʧһǣѾʧȥмˡ
Ѫֻأȱһǡ
Щζԭأô꣬ΪүүȫԼˣǹŮһ£үүû˵
ζ㿴ǵλŮ
ȵȣΪʲôΪʲôáүүģүү
ǰĹȻʧˣеֻ޾ĺڰͱ䣬һ
ζȻ۾Ѿһ亹ԭղŵһУֻһΡ


0922 ڤѪ
ΪʲôֵһΡ
ڣζЩл㱣ʱСϺȻһ˿֮УһһһɫĶ߲
һǶҲ˾Ҫһҧ֮ʱ͡һһնء
ѪϣһüŵȥĶߣһԺ뵽ľһʱӸеѡ
ʱע⵽Լϵ飬뼡¶棬ϵǶġ
ģ
ζ֮ǰ棬̨ܹӳȥȴһ֮Ӳ˻ȥһץԼţԼϵѶˡ
å
뵽֮ǰһĻζŭֱ޵ҧгݣô󣬻δܹ裬˿¹ڳòãû뵽оԼץԼһɭɭĵط
ζԽԽǸеһ߿ϵߣȥ˺һƬ½ǣϵѪøɾʱΧȻһʱʲôˣ
һ˲䣬ѽĽ޹ֻ̨˷Ȼ飬飬֮
糱ˮһͻȻӿֳ飬ζʱֻеһͷƤ顣
ۼЩХųԼӿֻ˫ֲϽӡдʣȻɢ飬̫Ԫаƣ
Ż䣬µ̨ʱɣһҫ۶ĿĹâЩϣʱͼһġֻ̡Щð̣ŤϷҽ֮ȫɢ
Ȼа֮ȴķζʩչ֮ɫЩ԰ףո׹ʱҲСʱδָ˴Ԫ
ģ̨ɢĹâЩȴ޾һ㣬ܿѾǵӿ
ˡ
ζȫʢʱڣҪԸЩ׾٣ô졭

˵𰣬ãԲ֪˴ģˣȽҲ㣬ֻߡ
ǰ桭ˮ𣿡
˵ش͸һɹϢһЩ
ɫأҲˮˣԽǰߣԽƺǰ߲Զһ
ڴʱȻƮһ㣬£ʱֻЩ˵üŨĻ㡭
סҪȥš
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ǡ
һס˺૵ڤ;ϣ˰֮
ߡ
ȻֵЩ˰һྯ裬˵عɴ⡣
һƬѪı˰УŶԽԽĺ֮ﲻһ˰ֻῪڤУѵԼϣڤˣѾ˼ˡ
𡭡ϣǰ񣬺һӡ
ģǰһץ֣һЩԽԽͬʱҲŵһŻȷ硣
ž̫Զȷ类˰ڸǣʱ߽ˣŷ֣ǺйģȻѪ
⣬⣡
ʱŵɫɷףвǺɫĺˮѪǷŵŨˮѪûȷ磬Ѫζ
һӷѪǹɴ̱ǵȷ磬ʱֻеθ﷭ֱŻ
ʹ࣬ʹ࡭
ʹ࣬ʹడ
ĪĪ

ʱֻѪȻſµЩʹ˻ţˮϾ£ȴʼղ롣
ǣǡ
ŵЩ΢΢岻ѵӣǴ˵ڤѪӣ֮ˣҪڴϴǰ֮󣬷
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ɫɷףǽЩ״ΣǰʵŴ˿ڤ硣
ȴţʱǰֵһУӶ˵ߣǰߣܳȥ
һ˵԰ֻǽץֱ۵˫֣δɿʱ̧ͷĲգȻãϺҲôˡ
ãȴޱ޾һʼղͷ쪣˸С˵ϣôоһֱԭȥ
ԣͣ˽ŲƺҲоˣ̫죬ʶ޷̽ȥ

Ȼ䣬𰷢һССȥһ겻ģüʵôˣ
ոգոպ˭ײһ¡
ɫɷףֱۣĴѭţȴκӰҲܲ⸽ˣƬ̣˵߰ɡ
һûãֱ˭ײһ£ŵûһ˭˭
ʱڿеɫӰǰ˹ȥһźɫѵСŮ
һֻ̣ŵɫɷףȥüʵ㵽׿ʲôˣ
ŵ˫΢΢ǰİ֮˵ҸոաҸոտһźɫ·СŮǰܹȥϡϻһֲż
ʲô
˫ü΢΢һ壬Χȥλˣһ
ץֱۣأ΢΢ʱһĸҥԶ컨ţ岮ȫұš
ŵɫһףǸСŮ
һΣҲˣԽԽ󣬷·ڶ
תȥȻʲôҲûУʱǹĸҥٴ𣺡컨ţ岮ȫұš
תȥֻһµСŮǰ˹ȥһһ߳Ÿҥ󻹱һֲż
ҥ֮ʱǺСŮת֣磬㣬
СŮתĹģʱŵýͷϣءϣ¡
˿û뵽ʱ첻µز£͵͵ؾƺȣԭµģȻǹ
ȴй˵ߣҲܹ߳
һ·ϣǺСŮǰ棬ʱʱҥŵżʵ£𰲻̧ͷãŸһǰ
磬㣬
СŮվϣ֣𰲻ҹȥȴɻ䣬˫һ㣬Ϸȥ
֮ǺСŮʱʧˣҲʧˣǹĸҥ˵սԶȥ
ߡ
֮ǰ治ԶֳһѪӣһƺЩһˣ˿֮ʱǺѪȻƽǸһߣţֻһɭɭµǺд
ǺǺǣܹе㱾£ƺѾŵˣ˼䣬ζĻǡ
䣬ֻǺкȻðһֲĹӰѪ죬ȥ¡
ѪӹӴ˴һһǡ
ѪȻӿһŻȷһΣǹ֣иܵˣѪӹ͸ģһʮֿµ


0923 Сڤ
ϡģ
ɫɷף˱УʶҪĿǰΣĪ˵Ա⡣
һ̣ɫҲȻָȫʢʱڣҲδѪӹĶ֣οǶԷĵ̡
ӷ𡭡
ʱԶȻһķţʱⷭݵѪƽѪӹɫһ䣬У£˱ǧ꣬ô
δգĲɷȾ֤ᡭ
ԽԽԶڳһӰˣȴһλ˫ֺʮĵõɮⷭڵѪ֮Уƽһ
⡭
һ㶣ֳһɮ⵽ʲôطδҲ̫Źˡ

ѪӹȻֲĴЦδգĲɷȫǷҲȵĶҿҪζȣ
䣬Ѫַһ³һƬȫǹɮץȥ
ӷ𡭡
ɮ˫ֺʮһ·գѪ֮УʱЩɢɢһһ޾޶Ⱦ֮ա
ߡ
һ̣ԥѪӹɮ֣𰣬˫һţǰ߷ȥ
ߣûôף
ѪӹһȣǰȻһѪӣѪӿʱߣγһѪǽ˶˵ȥ·
ָһһɫɳ顱һǿѪǽ˳ȥ
Ѫȴ޾һ㣬һѪǽͬʱӺӿŶ
Ѫ֮Ϣŵɫ԰ףʼּ䣬һɳʱЩɶĶն
˾֪˶ãѪӵľͷﲻ֪ģһѪǽȴȻɸߣͬʱһɿµڤ֮ҪһлΪ顣
ϡ
ɫɷףȻѾܵǰǹڤ֮Ŀ£ֻҪѪӵľͷͳװѺǹˣҪβܴùȥ
ߣ
Ŀһ̣ԣһ½˫һֱ̤Ѫǽȥ
½壡
ڡ½ĻӰһ˲֣ѪĶֵ⡣
ǰȥڳһڤ֮Ѫȥǰ棬й͸ȴ֪
ϡ
𰾪긦ǰֵĹѵڣǰ
һЩߡ
עĿǰȥ˲֪˶ãǰߵĹԽԽڲԶȴҲ߲
ʱһɹ֮Ȼ͸ͣ˽Ųһֻ̣ܵһ˵䣬ȴǰʲô
Ǻǣôҵþˡ
һĵǰ洫ǰ棬ȴûκӰΨһѪı˰ҡ͸һ˵ĹϢ
ϡ
Ҳע⵽ɫı˰Ǵ˰洫ɿʾš
˵
ǰһ˰˵һУǰΪʵ
Ǻǣ
Ǳ˰棬ٴδĵ֮Իܹ֮ңΪУħźޣǺǺǡ
ɭɭЦֻеͷƤ飬ʶ䣺ϣҪȥ
ȴţȻǱ˰ȥֻٴδɭɭĳˣɱĸĸȴ˳֮ˣȥȴȲһУֻ
߹ҿԸȥȥõҪõһС
𣬷·ߵħһһֻ̣ħһһ˰ȥ
΢΢һҪסһɲǣԼˣֻôѣǰħҪȥҪԻǣ
ʼһǻһ˰ȥֻ洫ɭɭЦûҸҪ
գߵ˱˰ǰ˫ĿԲвҪȥֹȴֶˣһɲǣȴһ죬Ǳ˰һ˲䣬лָ䣬صƾһֻССħҲԻ
㡭
ڱ˰İħҪȴֻ֣㣬ʮǰǷһˡ
֪
ħЩţһ±øӱˣкȻһɫĻǰħʱҽûмҶûм
ô
Ŀ⺮䣬еĻһ±øˣǰħҽвֹûУûм
ˡ
һ񽥽ָ糣ѵ׵꣬ûֻʵʲôط
ǰħԥصǣڤ˼ӰӣСڤҪص棬ҿԴǳȥ
Сڤ
һĵĻһȼǰħʱϷҽУ㲻ɱңҿԴȥɱңǾԶҲ߲ȥˡ
ʧһ˰ĻΪ˻ҽʱϣһ亹ԭոգϲûбⰵħԻ
Ҫص棬һ򵥵顣
Զһڻʣ°µʱ䣬޷ڳϫ֮ǰص棬ֻºϡ
ǰһξ룬ģһɿֲϢ˽ԸеһϢ
СӣǰźǿĴڡ
һأǷٻҹɿµϢˣȻҲܵˣǰĴڣʮǿ󣬾ܿ⡣
ϡ
ٴ̲ס΢΢ǰǹϢɵѹʵ̫ˣĴڡ
ʱһߺȻһϢѸٿعϢķȥȴһӰ˽̤ϻ֣Ǳˣȴζ
ϡ
΢΢һ˵ʱʱ죬ζһ˲ѷɵȻҲоɫһû뵽Էܿ죬еľɫͱһ֮ɫ
ӣɰôҲˡףһŪһǱˡ
תص֮УȴԴֳЦ֮⡣
ʱŪԼζе֮ɫأֻ޲һնˣ㣬طȴȥ
¡¡
ν֮ʱԶȻһ춯عסԵ𰣬䱸
ζҲã춯ʧٴα˴˶ӣζȻ޲һնˣʱЦЦʱŶȻӦԼ˿飬ղһ·׷ûüѡ

һ죬ζסؿڣָֽٿһۣŲɱ㣡
Ŷ
Ŀƿֳղ춯ķȥҪɱңҲԣֻǾ볱ϫѾʮˣʱҲ±ߡ


0924 ŵħ
˿̵ĻΣζҲʮ˵ش͸Ź죬߲ȥ˾ǵ֮Ψдʱһп뿪˵ء
ֻһ뵽ԼܹӳȥȴӲԼѳƣһ뵽Щζͷ
Ȼ뵽ЩԼ޵ۺʱ£ֹܹˮΪεϴ˺Լȴζŭ˾ʲôˡ
뵽˴ζܿͻָƽһպסؿ½һۣӣƺˡ
㡭
ζѾָƽôһ˵ѵҵѲǱ㳶Ƶ𣿰˰ˣŭ
ǱʯͷȥѻٹõȻᣬЩƼӡ
ζŷŭһΣԶʯͷȥˡ
һżʯͷ߳Ѿɸɾѣȥ·ֱǸʳ˼̻ӡ
Ҫȥʱζľ裬ȻʼղɹҶҲԽԽˡ
֪ӣ˿̻ʣ¼ɹص
ζշʵǸʣ¼ɹ
˱˴˶Ӳʱǰһ춯͸һʮǿϢ
ζĿƿһǰ춯ķʶҲͬˣʱȻܹܵǰĳʮǿĴڡ
֪ǰߵʲô𣿡һۣʵ
ҲĿƻʲôȥ֪ô

Լһһҹʱ䣬˲ǰߣǵǿϢѾԽԽˡ
ûҹֻ֣֮ʱȥ˶ã±ǴĳֽƣҲ޷С
ԼʱһĹǰص׵ĹȲ棬ûлݲݣеֻһƬų
ϣ㿴
ͣǰߺȻֵĹȣһƬף棬һɽϢ͸
ˡ
Ҳͣζȥ˵˴ӦΨһͨĵطֻʲôҶв棬ҲؽƣҪƿ
ζշһۣĹȿȥʼգδзɹκһ˿裬˵ˣ²Ҫ̫Զ
Ӷˡ
֪Լʮصľ裬ⲻ֪û֮ǶԴ·һûһȤ̸Ļǵ
ο˶СڤԼкκô
Ƭ̺ĹǰֻζһɨһһƴȥҲԥָһͬһȥ
Ȼ˵Ϊ磬δ׼ʥʵȴѾʤһЩ޳׼ʥˣ֮£ҪƳĽƣʲô¡
վڶ˵ԽţֱһĹһƽɢȥ
Ƴ֮ζ˶ջ˹ȴ˭ҲǰߣζڼϣѾƳ롣
û˵ʱ˿ˣСȥɡ
ء
񵭵һ˵̤꣬ȥˣɫǺ޹˼ɣ״ȥζں˼Ƭ̣Ҳ漴ȥ
ԽĹߣԽܹܵǹǿϢ֪澿ʲôصĻĿǰΨһ·ߡ
ȻĹȣޱ޾ãȻͷ
Լȥʱ䣬Ȼһض¡¡Ĺȵǳڴ˴ǧħｫҪһʮѹֳƵĸо
˶ͣҲɫŵؼ˱У˴һŨŨ֣Ȼǰ棬ʲôµĴڡ
ζһֻۣɫصĹü˵ȪϹħսأģʲôϹ¿׼
ˮڡҪص棬ֻΨһĳڣӾãʱѡ𣿡ȥ
ζüշһɨɢȥǰǰȥ
һΣ˲֪˶ãǰĵƣڿֻǹȻ۲ɢζһԪ֮壬ֽͲʱֻ뻤ס𰼴ɡ
˵ûаϢһԨȣԨȵϷй͸ϸ֮£ȴǱ֣ĳּµĽơ
ǳˡ
ζԨϷ͸ĹʶȻܹܵõ洫˼ϢǴ˵ؽأҪ˳ȥԨ棬Ҳһο˵أƺݷĳǿĴڡ
ȵȡ
һɲǣѾܵˣǰ治ԶĵطȻĳֿµĴڣóȻﴫȥһҹܸܵǰĳִ𣿡
Сӣ㲻˵ء
ʱԺҹصǰһδȫȥħ᲻֮Ϣ
δȫȥħ
΢΢һδȫȥħħ
ЩϹħϸʱѾȫ˼ʧΪﻹħټ
ԼЩдħӰ־ô£ΪʲôԼߡ
֮ǧҪ֣ĿǰΪһϹħֻһҪɱ㣬Ҳ׾١
Ժҹһ仰ҲûعǰֵԨȣѵǰ棬һϹħ
ħظȥ
ԭվã𰱳Ѿһ亹СҪȻȥ

̧̧֣ȥðգиħٿ죬ҲӲħһʶֻһʶ˲ҷ
ȥ
ɫ𽥱ס˺֮ǰħڣʱǰ׹ǳƺܹĹм򵥵ʶʮָħأܹȫʮָħڲ֪ܷҲԨħн
ȻȴûϵԨ̤һʱ㴫һֲֵͳˣ˵ء
ʱеһ𣬼ֻһҲҪ͸ˣζһ䣬浱һµĴڣֻǸղһ仰ûȫƺϸʱħԡ
ȴˣζüʵ˵ʲô
뿪˴ٿ
Ԩ·Ѿһ޴ħ֮ӰζعԨϷھѵҪ
Ҫͼɵ£̨ٿ죬ҲܿһħʶԨ棬һ˵ţһղȥĽŲ˻


0925 ħʶ
ˡȥ
ԨǿֲͳٴһΣͬʱһɿµħ֮߷ӿӦ˹һ˲ȥ
ζһ˲䷴Ӧ˹һɨһâԨȥ
ʹ˳ﷶΧܸܵǹħ֮Ŀ£ζϲһ亹ղǵħֱ֮ӴеĻʹ޹̨໤ҲҪܵش
һ̣˾óȻǰȥˣǳڣֻǰԨȣĿǰӣ볱ϫʮˡ
ô죿
ζԶȥ˫üڴ֮ǰʮصľ裬˴һ谭ǰߵľ裬ҲȻȻļˡ
ʱҲͬüչµǣһԿԨȣᱻԷ˶Էθϣ˲򲻵֮ʱš
ʱ˿ǰԨȣС˵Ҳڲֻһȥطһ̽
Ŵԣζüƺ£ѾˣҪǿǰԨȣոҲˣħĿ£ʥ֮˻ɵֵһ˵Ϊܵ
գ⸽ѰڣǼδֻбĳڣ⼸գ˻ĻصԨ棬ħƺʶʱʱģ֮󲿷ʱ䣬ڳ˯֮УֻҪһԿħ
֮˲׳ԣʱѾȥ죬볱ϫֻʣʮʱˣʮһʱڤϢֻȪȣȻʱȥˣҲȥˡ
ô죿
ζ˫ü΢ʵ
𣿡
ȥ˫ָ󣬵ƺԵʮɣζüͷø˵ʮ죬ϫٲ취ȥҶ
ô
Խ˫ָһеģҵĵһˣҲɶɾĴˣ澳˽֪ӣȷʵЩϧգҲˣҲ֪Ҳ˭ǵá
㡭
һνӣζ˫üøܿʹԼ侲¾񣬴˵ν˭š
ʱԶͨԨȻжһɲǣعɫʮأƷǵС
ζҲһ˲Ƭ̣˲Ŷһۣʱضԣᣬ˫˫ȥϢСԨǱȥˡ
Ǹ֮ʱֻȿڴȴһɼصħ֮ħϢζԪֵ֮ʬħͲħ֮ʱֻ뻤ס𰼴ɡ
صħɷ
Ԫ֮壬ζҲеʮֲʣٿȻ޾ħɷиһ³ɻΪδ˿ȥһҲħ֮
ģħ֮ԽԽأǸħƺһ㯣һαǰЩ㯸ԲԨħϢ֡
ûᡭ
ζһô˻˵أʱҪ޹̨֮ʱȴֽһôһ˵ţһ̧ͷȥ
ζʱŷ֣ǰһ˿˿ЩȴħϢǹħħʶȥĻضᾪħ
ϣһ亹Ԩ˵ħ㯣ʱڲȻˣȥʲô
Ѱ⻰ȻΪˣǸδ֪ħֲȻʱ㯣ʱһǱӶܡ
ζ˼Ƭ̣ƺҲֻˣϵɢħʶٶٿ죬Ҳɲȥ
ȥȫϢСԨȥһ·ϣƺδ˽Źһħ;ʵΡ
ڣԨȵǰһĻȴ˶ס˺ֻɽ棬һħֻħӣδҲ̫£аɽߣȫشűˣھ飬ͷһѾ޴ķɽᴩˣ˾Ȼδȫȥ
⡭
ζһϹʱڵħһǰǳֹ֮ħȫʧˣΪﾹһδħ
ħ桭
Ȼħ˵ͳҰһĺԨȶҲƺʱУʮֵʹࡣ
˵ʲô
ζϾɫøأû뵽ﾹһδȫȥϹħŲħʶ֪ˣǽ澳Ԫŵأһ粨
᲻ǡ뵱Ŷйأ
һ̣ζϺȻ¶һʮָӵɫԭңǹŶ缫ǿĴڡ
ɵ꣬Ŷ֧ˣһжʧˣһж
ͨͨ飬еǿߣʱˣ伮Ҳʱʧˡ
һ޷ֹ䵽𡭡
ħ桭
ħٴηһԨ𵴵øΪˣ·ʱҪһ
˵ʲô
ζɫأʱħ֮ȴһעħԭ˳񡭡ħ档
棿
ʱζɫ䣬֮ϱ仯ȸղſħʵ֪ʲô
ܿ죬ζعҡҡͷ֪
Ŷ
ЩɵĿض֪һЩ飬ֻǲ˵ѣЩҲȤ
ϣ㿴
ʱȻָС˳ζ̧ͷȥֻһħʶ۹Ȼǹħоȥ
ħʶۣҪˡǻ߾ħʶ˵
ߡ
ζ̼޹̨ħʶһֻҪСһЩͲ
ҲԥħЩ棬Ҫǣ뿪֮ء
СشħʶϷȥֻϺ֣ȴԼйߴ͸ֻ봩ĽƣȻܹص档
Ԩ棬ʼղħĵͳԨҲֹһķ棬⡣
ֱƬ̺󣬲ϵƲˣһɲǣԨȺȻֹͣ˲ħҲˣΧһļȻһɲǣ·ʱҲһ
⡭
һ̣˾·һ˲䣬ϱһ˫µ۾סˡ
ħˣ


0926 
˵ʱһһɲǣһ׹Ԩĸоֻһֲ𣺡
δ䣬һɿֲħ֮Ѵ泯ֶ˭Ҳ޷ѣһɲ֮ʣֻζһƴ𰣬ŷ֮˲ʮɣһ¼޹̨˲һâϳȥ
һ̫ͻȻȻҲδڵһʱ䷴ӦȷӦʱ׹ȥۼҪħ֮ɡ
𰣡
˲ʩչվȴδܹץסֻһ˲չɲȥ
ʱζѳ̨ɵ߿֮УߣԨµħû׷ʱϣȴвܲȻһͬСɵħƣпǿƿ
һ֮ʣǲټǣֻȻ˫ֽӡһɲȫ֣ǽԪ֮˲仯һ׹⣬䡱һǿгħƣʷȥգۼ䣬ʧӰ١
ʱ棬ץס𰣬ȴҲˣڸҪʩչ˲Ǭһɲǣѱħֽ֮ȥվһ
֪˶ãǰľղţδʲôˣҲҺδħ֮Ⱦ
ϡ
ʱعղһĻץסڣȴֵʲôطǰľƺЩϤԨȵ£
Ϥ֮ʱ𰲻һ㶣ǰ߲ԶȻǿֲħһ
֮ǰԨȡԶħ˵Ӧħġ档
һ̣ȻϴħڣǴδʮָħĽأ汻һӣʱʮָħĽ棬ȷʵǹȥһӣһ˯ô򵥡
ħָγȥ뵽ζŮӵĻ֮ʣػ᲻ֶΣӦʱҲѾˡ
ֻɽһħ濴ʱһģһű˴һѪԱˣͷһѷɽᴩʹҲˡ
ʱħӦħʶǱ壬ڣħ档
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ħƺĳ㯣վں棬ľؿǰһУֻħ˵˵ʶħн
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ֻһȴʧȥҪһ֣ͬû࣬ûȻ޹⡣
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ʱ˺һ𽥻عȻԹѲеİҲǾһطֻӹż￴ֻƬ֣˵治֪޵ףǹԻ档

ħʶѣ˵棬ħ֮أн޳һ棬ħͨ챾£Ҳٴˣûܹӹ
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üԽԽ뵱ħڣʮָħ˵һʧָʲôת֮ˣʲô˼
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һʱδħ仰˼ӦħһʶȻüվں棬һȷӦ֮ʱħһʶѾüġ

ţֻħȻЦԭˣԭˣ֮ڣʬħ
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΢΢һʬħ֣Ȼ䣬һ̣ƺѾ֪ǰħ˭ˣã±ǵ꣬ӻȪʧλ񡣡
걲˵ػȪȣᵱ겻ʹڤϢ͸˼䡭񣬻˼ǵᣬֻǡ
˵˴͸һ֮ɫ֮ʶܿͻħħʶںϣʱ㯣Ѳ֪Լǡħ
һ̣ˣԭǰ˵ħ֮壬񣬶ǵսǸħǱˣҲħʶʶ⵽ɡ
ǰħѲ֪λ񣬻ǹħ
Ȼħ̧ͷ᲻ֶ֪ܱõѣ֮᳹ǰ󱲣뿪
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һɲǣħ˫ȻųѪ⣬Ȼǹħħʶһռ׵λ


0927 
𡭡ϡ
һħԣȴܹܵõ˿ħеɱ⣬ħֻһ뿪ҪɱԼ
һ˲䣬ħкȻȥֲѪ⣬Ҳͬһ˲䣬һɲǱߣֽ˱𴦣㿪ħѪ⡣
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˵𰣬˲ǵص׵Сڤ˳һ֪ĵĹȣֻЩۡ
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ζҲ֪ȥǰӦѾˣ쳣ӳĵطӦòΪûһϢ
ʱȥʱʱĺɫĹ･û谵ѻָ߳ɣʱȻӦһϢӹƽ˲ϢѲɾ롣
ȻҲˣһ
ȻһӰȻУ˰ƮƮ̤շǱˣζ
ֻǴ˿̣ȥƺûôƮƮˣ½մѪǣҲһѪδɣ԰׵ɫǿóʱˡ
ƺ˿̣Ҳ⣬ˣԩ·խΧĿʱסһ㡣


0928 ԩ·խ
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ζһۣʵûȻ̨뿪ʱȻոռģȥң
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Щ֮ͽЩʲôˣؼ˭׷ɱζ
ʮȻҲһۿΪһͷһ˥СӣղûпһŮܽ
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ſָʯͷǺиˣ֪ǲ˵ǸŮˡ

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ʶ˹ħħʶԼȴΪǱħħʶɣǹħħʶʶΪԼǹħ񡭡
ǹħ񣬶ǶԣһֱǶѾʱ䳤ʧңҲΨļţһֽѡ
뵽˴ȻԵʹǱħʶȾһǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧꡭֱǧʱܹ־һʹ࡭
̧ϣһԼԼʬħϢǽԼʬħɣȥ֮ǸʱԼǷҲħһʧҡ
Լȫʬħɣʶʧʱ򣬵ʱΨһܹɱԼˣֻʦɡ
ʦ
뵽ʦĿڣȻһʹԼʦȣҪɱԼԼԹȡ
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ʹǸˣӦɡ
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һ£ʦڣգȫʦˡ

ʦͽԵ߰ɡ

ˣʦԺҪһˣǰûңˣҾҲҪʦ¹µһˡ

ҪɱɱˣˣҸոײ㣬ҲҪɱңûһˣ

һĻһĻһɲǣ·ǰΣֲݵǰɽ磬˫ۣҲЩ΢΢ˡ
𡭡ϣôˣ
Աߵ𰣬쳣Żع䣬˵ްǸղ˹ͻȻζ룬δع龭
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ˡ
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ȴǵãһ꣬ȥѰҺ̶ۣ֮ѩ֮Уһͷ׷ҲŷѩһɫãıӰ·Ҳǳѩһ
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ߡ
в֪ʲôˣȷǣԷȻǳԼģĹָֻ߳ɣǶһһ׵׼ʥӮ棬Էϵ׼ʥûκӮĿܡ
һʱķȥˣһ˲ʧããҹɫ֮УҺȪŵʶԴҹɫΪڣԷһϵ׼ʥʱҪҵǣҲһ
Լҹʱһ¸ٹգԲ֮ҹʱϫڤϢػشأκλڻȪŵصˣѡ
Ѳ֪˺δǰһĹȣϢ͸䱸ţϵģˡ

ţУ֮£ǹйһˣڽ»˵ˣǱˣȴζ


0929 
ǡδ갡һӣּˡһߵ˵ţһ˽ȥ
ζ̧ͷһ̿к޺֮ɫ漴¶ЦӣҲǱ׷ɱˡ
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˫ָ󣬿Դ֮󣬾ûʲô¡
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һ̣˶ĬˣкȻһƬžֻзᴵҶ졣
ʱǰߣСǡˣǲ˵ֻʲôõҪˡ

һ˵ζȥһ£һˣæҡ֣ңֻһ˵ѡ
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Ȼ䣬࣬Ǵ˿ҹڹشòϢϺѻҲڶȥˡ
ζʱһܿ˿ѹʲô𣿡
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Ŷ
ŵ˻ζΧ˿תУոһͨҺҽУȻܿͻὫЩ뿪˵ء
˼ˣٲԥҲδǪ̃̄ɽһ߷ȥˡ
ϣǡ
ζȥķ˵Ҳ𣿡
ղû˵׷ɱǵҲ𣿻ߣѵ׷ɱ

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Ӧʱչɲζȥķ׷ȥˣعҲȥ
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ɽȣζ̨֮ǰ±ߵ飬ҺܱǸ
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ҹﾲףʱ¸٣ʵ֪⣬СʵϣڡΣ

˫ʮָҲǹ⻺Ʈȥ


0930 
˰ѾɽҲһ˿峿⣬Ͳľķ㡣
أƲͬɽĹȪʡ
һҹ֮ϢȫȣҲָˣȫȻɡ
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һֱǷ켫֮ʱɲָԪ˻ָ಻ڻ£ŵУ
˳ӣϵ裬ܼѧʵлʮ֮һ
ʱ𰶼оˬʹԱվһҹҲ˿ƣ
Ȼ𰣬Աһҹ٣˵˵һҹΡ

һʿǰסˣⲻһˣȴһϲֻͨһͷһС˵ңҲ˵Ȼܺˣ롭ӣϴ˿̵ˡ
⻰Ҳģ߰ӥգǧͳȪˮʯ¡¡죻磬ڴȴǧƲɵʵһܹ
ҡҡͷŹһ֮㲻ô˵ˡ

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ôǻߣĪǴֽնϣڳ˫ۣʳ˭ô
һ߸٣һɫȻص
ʱʮ˲ȫӦٲͣ˲仯һӰȥˡ
վں棬ʼնδ˵һ仰𰣬һ֣ΪβЩˣ˭ģ𣿡
˫ü΢С˵ǡΪβʣ
ʮָᰴϣŹƣϵ飬죬ûκιϵ
ԴЩƶǶҲ˵ȥˣ٣һֱ罫ʱȻһϢһ˲䵽
Ȼֹˣֻ˫ᰴϣδҲδͷֻҪɱңɱ˽֮ˣ
ֻζѲ֪ʱվԷٶ̫죬𰶼ûܷӦ
һ̣ϵϢ˪ˣΪϢȻƾΪҲͻ˳
лҵֵЩˣζǷһ顣
˿ζκ仯ȴǱ֮ǰ࣬һɲǣ·ֱǸֹˮʷ̬ӡ
Ŷ
վδתһۣ˵ӲɱңѳĪ飬θǷһ顭
һ˵ţһɽȥʱŻعڵϵٱ𣬿ٸȥ
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ˡ
ϫͿˣӻ취ȥɣȪۣ֮ҿǲˡ
ԶȥӰҲʧɽ
ζȻվԭأȥķ򣬳ϫҪ˵ز֪жԶҲ֪ˡ
ʱкȻһʶֻȡһö㣬治˸ֻԵ峤ˡ

һ·˲֪ԶʱŸղζһϢΪ磬Լ֮ˣȻһܿµˣǧûܹ۶ҲҪѷһ
ҹ侫տɵĵ˫ܹһģҲֻһˡ
ҳһˣͬڲúĽֻһʥǿߣһʥǿߣﵽǴ˵еķ֮֮ˣ޹ֻ⼸ҵļɵ
һȻʵΪβæԸǸˣ
˵ǡǵϢôɫȻ˫üһѵбˣ
ģǵϢҴѾµʲôˣҪ˳ȥ뻹Ҫ֮ζңʱǷһɡ
ֻ˫к𰲻ټѯʣǰ˼ľ룬ʱһϢ𽥱ƽǵϢ
䱸ʱǵϢʮ֮⣬ת˲䣬Ѳɾ룬ֻһӰ˲ǰ
ǰôãô
Ȼ治ɫǰˣ뷢ףһɫۣ͸һɼصǱˣȴ̫˾ʦ档


0931 ڤϢ
ȻֵߣҲ̾΢΢̧̧֣ʾš
ɫ䣬˵Ҳ֪ݣ˿һֲһ̾ѹ޳ΪԼҲԿ͸Թˡ
һη֮Ѿ֪Ϸ˭ˡ
ɽ֮˲֪
Ŵԣһ㶣뵽ԭ˾ǹ棬չȥʱѾ뿪죬ǺӵҹӰõϢ
ʱأɫʵ޳Ż֪鲻ô򵥣޳Ȼֻû뵽޳Ȼ֮ĻҲ޳Ի̫ˡ
һУ˵ףվ޳Ըһؽ٣ȻδܶȹҲԹˣǰЩǶûñ
뵽˴̲ס̾Ϣһ޳һ٣ҪԹҲԹǰˣ˵ͽȡУ£ܹǹ黹Ϸʩ
Ŷ
ĿҲűñǰ֪ˡ
һԣ˫üøˣ˵ǰҲԸɱֶΣϷб£ҲԽˣֻʲôԹޡ
Ҳա
񵭵̫˾˵ĻЩ쳣ʹǱȴ޷ͬӺ½Ҳ棬˵ףҲǱ˶ѡ
һҪûش˵ĻǣҲѣñ뿪Ȫ˵
Ŵԣһʱֻ֮˵ͷãֻθԶš
Աȴǿˣ֮ǰ˵ɽ˳ȥ涨һΪߣΪûͽĻǣȻϧ
ɽԼȴһһ䣬˵ҲʧΪһƣ֪ΪûͽĻǣҲûа취
볱ϫ죬죬ǰɡ
˵ţһ̧̧֣Ҳԥȥˡ
ʱȥ죬ڻȪȵδܳȥһεĳϫƺ˼գǹڤϢѾʼִˡ
Ȫȵ˲ڼǰ˾Ѿʼ뿪ˣˣ̰ͼ˵صıȻڻȪѰңȽڤϢʱҪȴѾ
ǹڤϢ糱ˮһѸӿٶʮֿ죬ʹУҲδܹӵˣһȥܿܵʴҲܹ룬ʲ
죡
ʩչˡֻ֮мֻӰΧƣٶȿ˼ޡ
ҲѽɲʩչޣֻǴ˵ؽأͨҲ޷ʩչ˲ǬҲûá
˴ʱٶǼ죬ȻܹܵõǹԽԽڤϢ
ϣ
ʱȻɫɷףƺһ±żȥüʵôˣ
ոգոյ㴫Ѷǽˣڱڶһɽ
üһضΪ֮ǰ׹СڤŴ˽Ѱңڶ뱻ڤϢסˡ
ǰ
˼ˣԥ濴ȥȻǱҪȥˡ
üͷ壬˵ڤϢϾˣϫڤϢܵʱҶ˶ֵס
ұȥˡ
նƺûء
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𰼱æ˵򣬴Լǧ
ԣ治ԥҧָǹ滭˼ӡֻѪһѽֽȥ˲Ϣʧԭء
ǰٴʱղ˵ɽȣڴ˴Ӧ˰˵ϢͬʱҲܵһڤϢ

Ȼ˳ָԶһɽȣֻɽ汻֣ȻһɼصڤϢ֮ˣĪܿ
𰣬ǰڴ˴
һ˵꣬չɲɽȥˣعסȴӰѾûǲڤϢ֮Уʧ
Ҳһ˵˱£ڤϢҲ޾𡭡
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ֻɽ棬ϰ𽹲ˣҹӰܹһʮˣʣˣڻȪ档
ߡ
ԣü˸󣬴ǳǲڤϢ
棬Ͱ˶³˿ʱȻһֻǸղķǿֲڤϢ糱ˮһӿ˸ոķҲڤϢӿͬɽһߣҪ˵û
ߣ
һ޷ٽŶõڶΡݡ֮ʱķҲڤϢס޷ԭ·أֻһߣһͨ֪˵ףǹҲûȪȼء

ʱȥһ죬ʱڤϢѾȪȣó˶ѾˣûܳˣԶҲˡ
˶û뵽εڤϢ֮أҺǰ˼ճ¶ҲҪ档
ʱڹȿ֮أֻͷܶǾۼŲˣһƬֲڸ
˶ɽ棬ʱǰ½½˴붼Ѿ⵽ڤϢʴڣӦǲܻ˴ˡ
֮ǰüˡӼˣȻҲѾˣǼ˱˭ΣգԼȳġ
ʱһɽϣֻӷ˴ԼǱڤϢֵɽȲûܹӦϢĪûܹ𡭡
ֻƼˮ꣬˫ҲֻʱѣɱϾ֮ǰһģǶԷ棬٣Ҳеֲ
һɽϣͬһɽ治ƮƮһȻζ
ԱߣһµߣüȥΪɲ⣬ҵ峤ϣӡ
ʱζȥ·ֹˮ޲ʵ˼ȴЩԣһţҲˣ˱ҲˣһţձϾǶԷסЩˡ
һָԵʹüĽʱҲѾµˣ
ֹһʱĺɫɽ棬Ȼ˳Ѿȷٳˡ
һЩתȥ֮ʱȻ䣬ɽڤϢӿţһǿϢϢѸ


0932 ɱķ
˳ˡ
ȿ֮أ˽һЩԭѾתȥˣʱҲ۷˻ҪǺˣܹʱӳ
ϢԽԽֻ˸еϢΨ׼ʥϵΪڼ˹֮ʱɢϢŻ˸еѹϢ
Ȼʱˣڼ˶Ŀתؿ棬ԽԽϢ
Զɽϣһ̣ζҲһ棬ѵǡˣ
ȻôǺǡ
һߣЦЦͰüʵҲδߣʱĵط
ڣϢѽǰɽڤϢҲⷭӿ˳˶æȥ
ˡ
˽֮ʱֻӰ˳Ϊһˣһ׷ӣŮӣһˡ
ǡ
Զ˶Ϣǵд඼ǻ֮ˣֻٲ˴ʱϳ˹棬вЩ档
һӹɽôΣҲȪˣԱߵ˭ƺȥΪҲ͡
ζǸˣ֮ǰ˵֮𣿡
ԶɽϣĿһؿôᣬ뵱Ǹơܻɺϵ顣

ζ˵ͷһ̣ҲЩʱԶ˶ۣ׼ʥϢӹɣԱǺݣ
Ī˵ĵӣӵĻʱӦվ󣬶䲢ƺǵӡ
λСѣ淢ʲôˣ
ʱһɫѣȵձ˹вٵӣ˿ȥΪҲͣ濴˿ɫ䣬Աߵʵ
棬ûʲô
˵ţ֦ȻὫСڤһ˵Ὣħ֮¹֮ڡ
ʱ˵ʲôҲûУ˻ţ
ڻȪŵ̫󣬼ϳϫֻһ£ǻδȥ㲻òأǻȪŵܣڳ˭֪
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΢΢ףʾȥ棬ԶһЩȥ֯ϵŮӳΪϣиɣ˿ȥƺСʲôˡ
Ҳδȥ棬ûܹʲôõĶλѣһ°ɡ
ʱǰߣֻ˫üɫ䣬첻ֻ֦ûͽĻǣ֪鲻˼򵥡
ʱȪΪߵͲһǹΪ׼ʥҲǵܹ˴ȥġ
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̶Ƭ֮䣬һɺɱȿ֮أڻ֮ˣǣﶼʱɱ
ۼɱһ±øӺˣȻ֮ĵطҲ֪ˣ඼׼֮仰˵֮ˣˣĶöࡣ
Ҳˣʱ˲ȫһ𣬵ʱɣεΧľᣬסҡΣԽ˽Ըеһϣȴδ˺
ֻɫǱ˪λѣĪϷΪ𣿡
ԭ׼ʥΪϹ֮ȻøŸɲҶһ£֮ȪȵЩЧ΢΢Щ˼ɱȻɵ׼ʥʱվһ𣬻ںµòҶ
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ȻǱߣķ˸ҷǻ֮ǿҲñȥǻ֮Щӡ
ԽԽ䣬ɱҲԽԽأҹӰһʮ̻ߣʱȻһƬҶӹƮ˽һɲǣֽӲĸ֡
ҶµƬֻ洫һŹǰ֮û뵽ǰգҲȪȡ
էһ˽תȥֻ⣬߽һµӣȻӵòȥҲͬᣬ䣬Ǻü꣬Ϣֱܷ棬Щɱȡ
һ֮˵ͻȻ룬ղֽŵĽգʱʧˣ˽һؿ˿ȥΪҲǼߣȻһ׼ʥƺǻ֮ˣȴˣȪһ³ô֮ˡ
ˡ
ԶɽϣȴһϳͻȻֵӣϵ飬̱Īǡ
һɲǣϸ¶˲˼֮ɫ˳ӵĿ⣬ȥ
˾ˣΪΡ
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ˣ
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һԣΧĲ˸һͷˮץ˾Ȼץ֮ˣʱȥ˾ǺˣҪ˾Գ֡
ʱȻɫ䣬ĿעȻֵ˾Ȱ͸˵ˣѾɳ˾ǰҲϵ˶Էڹȿ֮
ԭȳϫ֮գڻȪңȻ뿪Ϲ棬ʹı˼ƻ
˿ֻ̣ɫص˾Ҫ˭ҶܣǴˣ뿪Ȫǧ֮⣬˾Ҫԣǧ֮ڣ˭Ҳܶ
䣬һɼǿϢӿɢȥʱΧ˸еһϣոЩ˾֮ǰˣʱеһǼ׼ʥˣϢ˿¡
ĿȥһԸˣмɰգ
ߵһ΢ף΢˾һΪɲ⣬֪ǳҲ˼֣ʥֻ벽֮ңѾʥʱ˾Դ֮Ҳǵ֮
ǰмɰգ¾мɰա
һɲǣǴĳֹʶԱǶͬʱ֣ټҹӰʮˣҪԸһ˾̫ѡ
ڹ漴֮ʱȻһ紵ùȿ߲˶Ī˸ֻȻҶƮ˽ÿһƬҶǴɱϢ


0933 
ΪУ棬㵱ϸô
֮ʣڴһʱ·ںԶһգۣ˾ȿڴ
һµӣָֻһ˫۾޵׵Ԩֻһۣȴ
΢˾
رǹҲе΢΢һϣɽпɽ󷨶ԸˣζԸˣ
΢˾˵ΪɲˣĪǵ紫ԣ˵ΪѾһס
һֻ̣е亹ΣȥڴΣ
Źȿ˲ͬ׼ʥһ׸Žףȴ֮𣬶ǰ΢˾Ǻߣͬ׼ʥ֮£ûĶһ
ϣ
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Ž׼ʥһƴֻﵫϺµߣҪ˲ҷ
˿̣Ҳ亹ڻȪŵʱħһħ֮ʶħ֮ʶôԸһߡĲ֮ˣҪԸǰ˵Ļֵֻ޷ˡ
ʵһ̤ȪȣѾĴ㣬΢˾ˣΨд߶ڵʬħ
ʬħ֮˵УһĻȻӿʬħĳɳǰһŬϡ
ǰˣض֪ԼڵʬħĻ˾ΪٸߣҲóȻǰ
һ̣պȻñ紵ɽȣǳɱֻ΢˾Ŀ䣬һϣǴʱ񣬱˸е¡
һЦô˲ҳôλȥתһǣξ￴һУһᷢġ
һԣΧ˸һͷˮ仰ʲô˼ָˣ˵ʥ̫˰ɣ
ξ￴һָʲôѵվΪһξ
΢˾ڴˣӣãξֻ֮ӳˮеӰӰˣֻߣŻڹʵ
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ȿ˽һϤѵǡ
һɲǣ˶ȥԶɽϵĺӣҲǹȿȥ
ֻһꤡˣѭȥֻһ˻˲ŶҲζ
֮󣬻ˣװһ£ǵˣ
أȪ˽ԾԶӵҲסˣôˡ
ֻϵӣȥɫЩ԰ףǲģʱǺȻһӰԣȴһߣЦ벻Ǵһ
ϵ΢΢תͷܵṦȴһ֮ˣʱȥָָˡ

Ǵ֮ͷһЦ˵ҿãṦٿ죬Ҳû֮˿찡
˴ʱ̸ЦƽȫȻ޶ãֻϵӵˣܻʱҪЦȴ
˵˴˾΢˾ȥ˵ǲ룬λˣ֮ȴδ֪һƺЩ
Ȼǲ롭
Զ˽һ֮һ֮أ֮ص棬ȴһɭϵĵطǣۻ֮׼һ֣ͬҪһ¡
ҲߵߵֺϳһǲƱãķĪҲӣ쵼֮ˣȴ˼ĿЩҲû˭
ڶм˫Ȳ㣬ʶ˳롱ˣʵȴǳףǺ˵Ĵ磬ЩӲɴ쵼
ǰ׻ĵȸǰߵ
ߵ֮
һ̣ǲ˾֮ɫ˼ٳ¶棬ǲ룬Ӳ̤ǣΪΣ˻ȪȣĪҲΪǸ˶
ǺεݣܹԶǶʲôˡ


0934 ɱ
ֳգһ±ýʵȻǿʢ˾Ϊߣ΢˾ɲ⣬ǻָ֮˲
ҪһģԵͣʵȴǳ֮⣬ΪɲģͬһƵ£Ʈɣ֮£ȴǲ׵Ԩ˸׳ԡ
һ̣˶Ϣ񣬲һȿ֮أֻġꤡ֮
ϣǰʱ˾˫ü΢˾Ȼδ䣬ֻҲǣǣȪȲ֮¡
֮£ܹܣɻ֮֮£¹ܲãȴܵá
һ˽Ըеһ֮ҵĵطÿȷѪ겻ϣֻǲܶѣҪ׼ʥҲҪͷ
һ̣΢˾Ҳһ±Щˣ˵ǽգǶҪִˡ
ȿڣձø̣˶˾˫üû뵽ǵ˻ͻȻִ£⵽ΪΣ
һʱƬ̼䣬Ҳ벻ףһ򲻲ƵǣͻȻΪСӶ
һΪɲ⣬Ϊ಻Լ֮£ﻹ֮ˣûκ洦֮£ֻա
˼ˣ˾漴΢˾ȥһ˵ز˾
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뵭һЦҲˡ
ôǾ͵һĵ
΢˾һѷذףǰߵˣʶȥҵǰ档
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֮£ûйڣҲû˻ػ˭
δҲ̫ˣĪǴϣҪĶΨһܹ˵ùȥɡ
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ֻЦöҶӣӴ˻֮˭ΪУΪС
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һ̣˶еһ£׽͸ɽδҲ̫ˣ
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ҲٶԣתΣķȥˣڹȿ棬öҶӣνԶȥıӰΪҪԼ
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˫ᡭ
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ЦЦͣתΣӡӰʧ˻ƻ֮µɽ
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Ϊʲôǵ˻
һʱ֮䣬ӲҶ϶룬뵱йء
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ģӻع˿Ȼһȥķҡҡͷû˵
һߵζҲͬȥķ򣬵֮£ȴֻһһ˫ᡣ

뿪Ȫǧ֮ҹĻȻ֣ͣԼ뽫̫˾Ļǻ档
ʱҲԥָһǰһӡţֻһ̴ǷӡƮ˳
һƮɫ΢΢һ䣬һ֮ɫֻ˸ӡһ̣һö֮С
˵ĻǣѾˡ˵
ҲգҲա
һԶȥˣڰǴһϸŵ̾Ϣ
𽣬𰣬Ҳ߰ɣȥǰ߿Ƿг򣬽Ҹջס¡Źʧķ򣬻عͷһķȥˡ
ҹ֮ʱϺȻѩҲһѩʱ¡ɽ£ҲѾѩ˰ɣС·ϣǴѩӯ˰ɡ
һջͥԺͤУԺѩ覣ӳƬƬѩ䣬ƻá
뵱ֻ꣬һССͯδᾭô飬ʱȻŰʱöҶӡ
ɱᡣ
ֻҶ棬дĸ֡
гһգҲΪһɱ֮ˡ
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һ˵ţһ߷ĽҶӣͤѩƮƮԺȻһľ֮ѩѩи֣δ뻨
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Ӵʱ̫ӵκ仯΢˾˵ͷ㽫ڻȪȵ˵ˡ
̫֮üתһâ˵ˡ
ʱ̫˫һ˿â΢˾֪Ǵʲô˵ͷǡ


0935 ͻ

̫۰룬𽥱˵֮ǰһϲ֮أѷ㣬ûܹȥֱһλ˴ﾭΪ𡯡
˵ֻ֮ǰ˼һ΢˾ʵһ򲻲֮£ȴУΪΪΡ
΢˾ع˵԰ǰһ֮󣬾ҲûгֹǵһУǲڴ˸Ī⣬㣬֮£ʵԴ⡭
˴΢˾ͣ˿̫仯ãֿʵ֪֮ʱʲô
ԣ̫ƽϣһ˿ϸ΢ı仯һ˿ܿƽ񣬿ȥԨһ΢˾ʱҲģ֪롣
Ϊ̫ʥ֮˿ѳʥܷţʵϣԽʥˣԽǲҡ
һӣˣʦ֮߳£ܿƽһʥ֮񣬺ʵΪˣֻĺ
һ;УԽϣõľԽߣԽˣҲԽҪС
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һ֮ʱ˾ͬʱһͬĿξѵһĹ£Ȼϡ
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ܶʱÿҹ֮ʱܸоˣһȥȴֻǷ紵ӰҡΡ

˵֮Ѿ뿪˻֮δȥǣ֪֪һЩڸ׵飬ڻȪȵʱ򣬲Ѿ㹻Եİʾʾһ˫ᣬʱҲ⿪һЩ⡣
ֻһҲǿԤʬħȫ֮գ֮ǰȥʱҵһƺسʱһƻ֮ѹʬħֻǲ֪ʱǷܹѹס
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˴ˣǾΨ׷Ѱڶڶǵʮʥʮʥкüڵ궼׷ɱ׵ж֮ȴͬʱʧˡ
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ʱϣǰ治Զ͵ˣϵǡ

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ͬʱҪõȥɽʸ񣬱ͨ˫ᣬ˫ϣ˱һΣ¸ǷͬСɡ
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õɽʸ񣬲˵õ˽ɽǰֻǺߣѡ
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˵˴˿ϵʱҲȥ𣿡
üڲǿȥȥ⣬ǿʵʮʥ˶ȥ˫ʸĿǰʵԶԶζҲδؼʤ
һ㣬ڵ𽥿ʼˣ˵Ķʮ֮Ѿһ޶Ĳ֮ģһͷûУѹƵסȫһƺ
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졭ˣ
ɫһջУԣȥˣҲ漴ȥ

һ˻ص죬ǰһĻȴɫһ䣬ԭɸ߿֮ϣΪ棬Զţͬɾһ㣬ȻʱȴһŨŨɷ֣ȥЩɭȻֲ
ô
һ⸽죬ûܵƻƷҲȻȫûд򶷵ĺۼһǾͲˡΪλôһɿµɷ


0936 ƺ֮
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歷˼ʱֵ֮ɫü˵ЦǰǰִҪȥƺǱߣǡûܹס
ȻһƬ˶һż歷˿ȥ˵ԺһȥƺǱߣ죬Σɷ͸
֪
歷˵˵ͷɷЩɷ͸жء
Ҳ˵ǱɷʴΪǣһһľ겻˥һЩɷȾпΣ졣
һ˽⼸ƺǱߵҲٳɣԸ˼ӹ󷨺󣬱ƺǱȥˡ
ƺĺ棬̫ԶЩһֱΪأκ˾ǰ
һ·ϣɷأԭƣһƺ͸ȥƻһ˱ѹϢ
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﾿ʲô֪ʱԽ濿ǹϢѹ֮ҲԽԽء
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ǰ
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Сӡʲôʱģ
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δ룬ôˣȥ
ҲŽˣɷȾ飬һ±øӽˡ
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˫üŴʱЦ죬˵ʦһָشǣϾɣʹ־Ǵ˵صɷǣʹʱˡ
ô
δĳɫһ漴Ц˹ȥһ죺δ롭ģ
δȴûͣ£ֱЦȥһһƬ˲ЦȫѸʹָѡ
һ̣Ц˹˫֮еѪ˿ȥŻδСѾͷСȳȥµȻַǣҡصģȥ濴ܿͻ
δüǰɷʴټȥˣδһԣȥ㽫ɷ⡣


0937 عŵ
ʱҲƺһۣ˵Ĵڣ»δ֪ǰڻʱ뿪ΪˣȻͷ׼ˣһһ̽
˵֮ʱƺȻ֮䣬ĳʶɷħǷ𣬲֪Դʲô
ͻδɫһƺ˽Ըܵõһʶ˶һۣԥһһңЦȥˡ
صЦȥڵĹ·壬չ·Ҳ˲ˣһЩɷʴƵġ
Ц˴ЩΪ飬ƵģһЩӣʲôɷȾҪЩ࣬Լ˹ĻԽɷʲô⡣
գͻδǿƵҩ԰溵Ҳе⣬ǰЦִҪȥƺ̽죬֪ػɷȾ
ǡǸҪæĻңҸ
ЦȻǸеΪ飬һͷһҪȥ溵ǰɷʴأ鲻ã㽫ɷ
Цͽͻδȥҩ԰棬һŨŨɷü΢ʵոƺǲǸӦʲô
أӦʲô𣿡
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һԶƺֱʣҿЩ鷳ˣȥĻձȻᾪԪŸɣĺ˻ġ
δ˿˵˼Ҳüһչüͷ˵ƺһ£ʱ澳顣
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δ˼һʵǸζ𣿡

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һԶζ֮ߣߣܹϣͬʱ֮ʱƸһԵľĺ͵֮⣬ĻСڤħԨԼߡ
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ߡ
ͣһƺȥԽԽǸеһɳɷΪͻƣǰĻ໤Ҳƽɷ֮ء
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Щ΢Ծƺһصĵطһʱ뵽ǣǹŶһƬƬ
ܿ죬һһ䵽ƬŵϣһȥƬŵؾͷȴɽֻƬŵ棬ȴûκһ˿Ψйʯᾣľޣһɼصɷ
˵ϹʱһƬĻôħˣ鳤ȫ෴еģֻһƬų
һֻ̣еĳ˵𺳣û뵽ɾĺ棬˲Ϊ֪µһƬħ򡭡
طǧ˿Ƶϵ


0938 
ǰȻܵһʮϢѹָУ﾿ʲô
ǰƬ̣ƺҲòͣ˽Ųŵúܵͣ壬㷢ʲôˣ
ֻĿ¶׹⣬һѪ۾ǰİ֮·ǰ棬ʲôһ
˿ǰȥԽǰԽܹܵһɳΣյϢ·һ־棬
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𣬺𡭡
һ̣Ҳ̲סһͳĺֻ˫ĿѪȫƬƵһ㣬Ŀصǰİ֮
𣬺𡭡
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תͷܹĻֵֹͣͳĺĿȻǰ
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²˳٣Ǿȥ죬Ҫ֮ڣڼ䣬һʩ󷨣ʱɷ޷͸
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0940 
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0941 ֮
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0942 
ɢȥһͨˮĹŽˮת绺ĺ档

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0943 ֮
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ǡ
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˵ӰʧƼʣŻص죬δǰüʵΣ
δɫѻָЩȥ޴󰭣ҡҡͷСû£үǻǰɣϯѾԸ˱á

΢΢˵ͷع۵˿ȥ˵˴ζλֻԱһλ롣
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ֻɵٲ߿а׺ƣ¥ƶˣǻ칬һ㡣
¡֮ʣؾ˥˼һ㣬һòá
ۣ
Χɾһĵ죬˫ĿŹ⣬ǰʱڴƬɷ֣ʹħһɭȻ£Щɷɢȥ֮ʱԴ
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㣬㣬㿴㿴
öһһ£ᴵһƬƬһڶ˼Ϸϣƻã֪δһȺʰ쵵ĺΧƶתָͣϣϣЩȴ˲
ۡ
Ǹе棬Щǵһ㣬һƬĹ⻪û뵽֮ϣ
ҡͷһЦаСãЦСÿãˣ㲻ҪƤ֡

һЦƽѩɽׯϴɾ֮أܹԹ
ҡҡͷϴǳǳЦݣԶȥֻǱߣƣᣬһ֮ԱߣŮЦ绨ţ
δ룬ӲʣҪ̫ơԱߵĻδ봫ȥһ
δЦЦµġһ˵ţһף˾ơ
ʱϯ棬ȻȻҴҶɫ죬ľƱʵôˣ
Ȼǰߵ˼䣬ʱĿһǱȥŶ߽ǿͣȻˣ
ǡ
Ȼȥʱع۵Ҳƺ£ûãʮˡ
ʮ棬мѪӡڤˣȴˡ
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һ֮ƣձƵȥǣˡ
ϣǳϣλľƱŶˣص
һ˲䣬պȻñ˪ŵڰй۲죬ϺǳϽҲˣȴ󷨣ѪӺ;ڤ
Ҫ˵ΪҪߵҲʲô£ֻһʱңƣûܹߣϵʧֱܣҲֻøѪӼ졣
ϺǳȻҲǵʮǰЩȥţɱӣνۺ죬
ʱ˱˵Ľ֮ҲûеôʢˣֻǳĿ䣬صһʦҪɱɱ
һع۵˾΢΢һǸʲô
һȣ֮СУˣҽ⡭
ˡ
˵̧̧֣꣬ǿͣŵĶλ
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ǼԽԽ̻̲ǳϵӣʾ˵ģնȻ£ϡ
ĿӶջأعۺͰü˵̸ЦԼʱ䣬ŵλԽǸеڣҲȥϵĲȣҲ˵Ρ
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ҪɱɱҶˣ
ǳʵܲסˣʱֻһģֻƱʱڿշһֻƱʱ㳯˷˹
ģ
ֻͨͨľƱʵ򰵲Ϻ󾢣϶Ȼһæʮ㹦
ǳϼƱҲҴ⣬˹ȥӣȻ˼ǹ񣬵ʱҲӲסֻССľƱ
ֻǾƱڶǰתҪһ㣬ΧĿ磬ЩϢѣȻ޷˵ӣҲһɿ紵Ťˡ
˺һɢΧֹǼŵĵǱöᣬλҲɫɷףþƱһδȴƶ˻һ㣬һҲΨžƱ֣ܿƵš
λϣ롣
䵭ʱΧˣҲһؿλϡ
ֻľƱȻɫɷһ˿ѪɫҲ˵ע£ܿʧˡ
һ̣ڻعͷ΢΢һԱߵʦ㴫ȥʦ㡭ȰɣⱭƣǲȥҿ¶Ҫ


0944 
ʱ˿̣Ŀ⽥纮˪һ㣬˶һؿǱˡ
˺Ǽŵĵӣŵľѣʱ˫Ȳסزţǵһθеֳɽѹ·ǵһɽѹ͸һɽڴʱ
ʦ㡭
ϱҲ𽥱亹ʪ͸ˣʱžƱ֣΢΢ǳϣʱȻžƱҪǾƱһ˴˿̴ŵģֻˣš
ôˣ
ĿϣصλƣĪǾĳʸдŵĶλ
һɲǣϼܵ˴ɱҲ룬ͷ㽫һȥ֮󣬻Աߵǳϵɫ
ڣע֮£ֻǳϻ̧Ʊ˿̵˫֣ҲţʹǱоҺҡš
գֻͷһһȥ
ϡ
漸亹ɫ԰ֽλľƣ˸ǻ·Ƕһ㡣
ҲˣҲˣʦܡô
ǳϵʮֵͳҲһƣЩӶеľѣЩġ£ȾѪţˣѽ׼Ĵħͷ
Щŵµӣǲ֪£һ˵һ֣뵽ıɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷ
˿̣պȻЩصĳλӢۺܣλЩδռȻˣβһĪǡдܣ
㡭
ǳϽָʱȴǸŭԣɱ飬ײֻȴЩӣ뵽˴Ҳֻжԡ
ջĿ⣬ҲȥˣһδɫЩ쳣һδ롭ôˣ
ҡ
ղŻúõģһ̣δȻеЩͷĿѣһ̣һɺӿɢ˳Χˣһ˲Ҳܵһɳ֮ˣϵȥ
δ룡
ɫһ䣬һ˲佫סһɲǣӻδĺ׹Ԩ˫Ͼһװ׵ı˪
֮ˣ
һ˲˹ָһ˻δϼѨ˼ʣʱλվ
Ǹλʧһ¡
ɫ򶨣˿һۣ漴δ룬δ빬Ǳ߷ȥˣ㣬ڵ֮档
δôˣոջúõġ
ع۵Ҳһ⣬ոմӻδ͸ĺأ
ʹ괦ѩɽҲδܹصĺһ˵ڣصĺ⾿ô£
˸ǲ⣬֮ǰǱʱ򣬴ӻδӿɢһɼΪǵǿҲδոջδҲһֱЦ޼䣬ͻȻͳˣ
δƺһֱ⵽һɺķɡ
ȥķСϴѩɽׯԼⶾѵҽҲδڵĺ޲Ǿʲô
£λ뵣ģ
ܿ죬歷Ѿվά򣬶ԱߵС򲻶ҡ䣺ʦʦʦǲˣҪ˯þúþðء
ʵʮֻ꣬ճãŵһʱף޷佫Ƴ⣬⽣ֻʱɢųٳٳҲֻͬʮСŮ
歷üͷЦԣʦ治µġ
ʱü˺ͺӵҲüţʱع˳歷˵ҹδһɼصĺҪȻҵȥ
歷üͷ壬Щ˸²ףЩ취ˣλˣֻǽдܣʵڱǸ
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Ȼ֮ʱѪӺ;ڤȴĸ֡
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ʱڲԶȻһߣδ빬βǵͣôھߣ˱֮£չǺòˣ˱Ҳͷ°գ
ԣǳ˫üһᣬʲôԱȴæֱһʦ㣬˰ˣ˵˵ȥա
ߣ
ǳһߣɫ˪ŮЩΪŰҲǻã

˿̣δ빬ѱһɺ֣ǺȻ϶ľ棬һװ׵ı˪
Ǻ⳹ǣ棬ʹδźıӣʱҲһ֮壬޾κκ֮ȴ
䡭䡭
ֻɫ԰ףʶҲģֻòڶһɴ֮ȻҲֻǻ֮ʹ࣬޷֮ѹȥ
溡а취𣿡
ת溿ȥһǽеϣȫ˶Էϡ
Կ
һΣҲüȻѽྭȫڻͨϰϹ顶ű䡷֮һû֮Ǵ۸ûпκá


0945 β
һֱ֮ʱδԺһЩһֱԱߣԺﲻ˵֮ʱһţʱҲηأ
ǺһһΣˣ𣬲ű
δ룬Щô
ᰴ֣Ȼеһ֮ϮѾȥˣʱķ棬ֻʣˣع۵ˣ˿̻ͥԺ档
û¡
δɫ԰ף˫ҲûѪɫҡҡͷЦŵȹЩʱգɹȥˣ𡭡
𡭡
üÿһζһΣ²ͬˡ
ҪΪҵˡ
δ֣ϣصʮǰǶһУ񡭡ֻ㣬ֻûһ˫ᣬҪҳҳ࡭
˴δЦˣ֪ǽң㶼һ˿һǾͲҪˣƾԼҲܴһƬ죬ǣڵġ졭
ϵ˺ˣҾһȥȥ̽ģ裬ȥ仨䡭
δ΢ˣһɾϮ˫ۣһΣ˳˯
δ롭
˫磬Ȼǵڣ룬ȻԼܺĥ֮һһηɣ٣ʣˡ
˯ˡ
һű˴ƿˣֻ˽عͷȥ˫ۻЩ΢΢죬һѪ˿
˫ü΢ڴô죿
һӦ飬Ǻú취Ϊͻ㡣
Ҫʥһ֮ڣǾԲܵ飬ֻҪ׼ʥ֮Ļһ˫ϣǶϡʮʥҲ߳ɵİˡ
ڣδ˯δ֪ʵû˼ȥܹȽδϵĺʱס
̾һʩ룬һЩȳȥɡ
á
δ뿴һۣ˸Ǳӣתȥˡ
ͥԺعۺͰüˣԼӺɲŮˣȺ߳ȥǶڣһʱ֮䣬Щ֪οڡ
ʱعһۣʵΣδް
δ
һʱƬ̼䣬Ҳ֪˵˵δû£Ļȴ˵ڡ
ʱȻüӣδǷһɺʴɺ޷ų⣬Ծö֮γ˷ɣ
Ŵԣɫһ֪
ܻδ֮壬޷ΣϵķɣҲȷʵ˵һ֮ɡ
˵ͷһĿȻҽϣ㾫ͨãСƫⷽ棬űӸ˽⣬ӿɷҽȥδ￴
˫üһϻѩɽׯƺȷʵˣ½ܸ󣬶˲
á
ʱ˵ͷԥڣ˷棬滨δ뿴˿²ɵ΢΢һԭǼΪƫˣû뵽δʣ֮Ҫ
ãſʵΣǿһ
˼˺һ̧ͷ˵ͷ˵ȻҲ֪Ϊλصһ֮֮ǲơ
˴Ȼͣ˫ü΢ԥ֮ɫ˵
Ҳü˵˵Ҳ֪ǷΪʵһżдһ֮أޱ޾ɽԻɽɽ֮оβ
ɽβ
ͷͷβűɽޣϹʱ˼䣬Դ˷Ϣд˼ľβʮֻԾβѪΪҩκκˡ
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ʱ˹һۣü˵˵ġβҲũֻǹ֮Ѳ⣬οǴ˵֮еɽһ沢޾β
溡˵ˡ
˵ȥȥعԣɽ֮Ƿоβȥ˲֪
˵˴֪еǣתȥУȨɣѰ˵֮еĹɽɽ֮֮ҵҲ
𣿡
˫ü΢ؿ֪ЩΪο֮ѣɽǵѰ

ҹĻȥ棬Ȼˣߵ˼䣬Ǽδ
ü΢һֻδϣǼˣûʲôνӻֵ߰ɡ
ǡ
ȻҲԣȥʱعԵЩأʵΣ
£㽫βһ˵ˣع֮΢΢˼һ̧ͷȷô£
ҡ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪οڣǹżϵļûЩȴҲȥȷϡ
޷Բд
⡭
ع΢һ˼ǹ֮أѰ֮أҪȻ
˵˴̧ͷһͬǰɣ·ҲиӦ
ˡ
˱ȭü˺ͺӿȥ˵˴ͷλǸжһ£뼸λˡ
ˣҲС
ü°룬˵ֻǹ֮أҵҲδȥأСѴ˴ǶǰȥҪСġ
ӽŵҪδˣ˵飬Ϊˡ

˵ͷʱɲŮһ覣Ʊ˰һãܸղһֱû˵ȴǱع۵˸Ҫ뻨δ֮䣬ҲǸ˽
ʱĻҲֻ࣬˵һ䣺Сġ

Ҳ飬ҹӰʮ˽ˣͬУ˴ֻǰ֮ء
ҹ澳һӺͰüҪ֮Ǳ߻ȥ˳·ع۵һ·ͬС
һ·ϣؼǼλϻﲻ࣬عͬУһȻʵŮӡǺˣ
ô
Ϊعʵǧѣ˵ǰͬһš
ǡ
عҡҡ֣˵ǡɶŮӡ

ʱ¶ɫعۿ˿Ȼдһʣ˵ڵǡһλѡ
ԭˡ
عۺ룬˵ҿƺħ̵ˣħ̵ˣϵһ㡭
˵˴Ȼתͷ͵һ࣬Ҫ˵һ䣬ħ֮ˣαװﲻһ۸պЩҪСġ
֪عǹԼɶǰţҲͬ˲οοɶҲһֱԼƸڤľˡ
һһҹڶ峿ع۵ҪǱߣҪȥ֮أǰһ·ڣعͣٴεһǰȥ֮أ
ó˿̵ɫʮأǹ֮أҲѰ֮أڹżϼû뵽Ŷ֮ؾ澳УͷүӲصģһС¡
á
˫ֿˣȥǰһһ㣬ΧľҲģ


0946 ɽ
峿Ϊ̹ǣǰԽԽأܿ죬ͷһˮ顣
֮֮ӵͼʹУٿҲҪʱ䣬죬ټѰɽҵβҪȥʱ䣬Ҫһµʱ䡣
һºҲ֪δǷѾ뵽˴ɵüʵҲΪ˴ȥ֮ѰҾβ¹شʲôʶȥ졣

֮ѽ֮صķΧϸ಻ϾʪҲ𽥱
֮أɽ룬ɽվ޾ԹСѣ족һ˵
Ҫǧɽ֮Уҵ˵ĹɽɽȴǼΪףû·֮˴죬Ҫʧãã޾ǧɽ֮С
ŵͼͼʮС֮ʵ̫󣬼ɽػصƣеͼҲûãĻ˶֮Ѱɽˣ
ʮ쳣ʱϸ΢ɽ谵ʱƿɢϼɣŵѰգҲҲǴ˵ĹɽûϸĵͼҲ˴·ãȻȥʵ졣
һɢ࣬һɽ֮Уҵׯɽ֮ʱЩҲֻңָ߷˵λ
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һչ뿪ɽ֮ʱȴȻܵѸٿʶΪ֮µˡ
һ˲䣬ȥȫϢһʯ棬ϢԽԽʶ̽ȥͷӹȻѸ߷Χڵһϡ
ǶȴһһŮߵŮӲǱˣζѩһȻʱԵǸӣͬͷϴһڣƮƮϻ֣ɽһ㡣
Сʶζʲô˿Աߵˡ
ȥΪߣһ̣ѾµˣӶҲǶɾ֮ͽζʦ֡
ʦã㿴
ǰָָ±ϵһùɣǹ֮ϣȴǲ˼͵
ľᣬ˫ʦãܵ˴ľ𣿡
Ŀ⣬ǹϵ˻Եζ˵

ζ˵ͷΧĹ٣˵˵ľŨǡȴҪѰҵľ֮
ҲӦǿˡ
΢΢˵ͷܵȥ˵ʦ˵һںľ֮ܶɹҪͻΪҲľ֮Էģʦһҵġ
ллʦ֡
ζתͷߵӵһлȴҡͷ̾Ѷ£Ҳ޴Ӹġ
ҡͷֲǲɸģȻɹ֮ˣָۣгɹ
ζһ۲˵۵һɲǣ·ֿǸξǴڻȪŵ׹СڤξλѾȥŮ
ӵû£ǰǧɽؽˣɽ飬Ȼľ֮ʦã߰ɡ

ζ۾΢΢˵ͷʱǰȥˡ
ֱȥӰ֮ʯܸ߳ղžԶ˿Եÿһ֣
ľ֮
ȥƼʣ˫Ŀ΢΢һľ֮֮䣬ۼľ֮ζҪľ֮ɽ٣ôЩĪġ
ζľ֮Щ޹أոǰ˵ǰǧɽˡ
ԥȥȫϢǰȥˣȵڶʱǰ˵֮ء
ֻǰ͵֣ƣɽ֣ȴ׾һ翡
Īɽڣ
νɽָһɽ壬һƬȺɽ֮Ϊɽɽ֮ڣؾɽˣҲڴ𻯷ɽ磬֮˵֣һЩɫʡ
˵ȷʵǼΪ棬һڣܵһΪŨ뵽ǽ˵ɽܷ֮ʹΪͻһ磿
֮ǾҵǾβҲ֪Ƿд˵֮еľβֻҿ


0947 
ɽʱɽҲʮվʱſʼɢɽѰʱ䣬δζʦ֣֪˽Ѿ˺δ
չ֮ʱǰһʶ̽ԲϸѰÿһɽȻ⸽ɽ֮࣬ʹΪѷǵɱȣѰȥҲΪԪ֮
ֱĺɫ֮ʱʮһɽ﷢쳣ֻɽһܳϸ֮£ȴһŻ棬һֻ
β
һ˲䣬ջʶʮ⣬ǾβҲܵʶһɲǼ䣬ɽȥˡ
Ǿβ磬ٶȼ죬ԥٴνʶ̽˲Ϣ׷ȥ
һֱҹʱ׷аʱٶȲǰ߲֪Ǻδһ֮͸
ʦãľ֮󽫳ɣһЩ
ǰ߲֮ˣȴζʦģ˿ֻϵɢ̹âھɽľ
ԭǰȴѰٵľ֮ʶڴ˻ʱ䣬ྫڲľ֮󣬽ǹؼ󷨾Ʋܵκһ˿
֨֨֨֨
ȴʱֻһȻߴϸ֮£ǻ֮УһֻβȴǾβŲ·ľ֮漲˹
⣡
ĶȻһۼ֪ĻҪٵ󷨣һ˲䣬Ҳ룬ָһɫն˹ȥһ֮Ҫβն
һ˲䣬ǺߺȻһâһǧһ֮ʣһɫˡ
֨֨֨֨
Ǿβʱʧɫһţľ֮ȥֻ¡һ죬Ӱ죬ΧʮɽʱҪһ㣬һ̣ضɽҡֹ
ǾβһУʱƻ󷨣ʹΧ𵴲ֹ˾кײһ±󷨡
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ʱɽҡضֹԲ֮ڣ̳Ǿβ֨֨һʧ˹̳֮С
֮ʱѲӰΧ֮ңʹʶҲ޷̽ȥ
Ǻˣ
ۼòײɵ󷨱٣ǵٸߣһ˲䣬Ҳ˺˪
㡭
ζһϳû뵽ȻˣǱ˻ľ֮Ȼνնȥ
ǰ˲Ǳˣ֮ǰڻȪŵصʱǷһ飬ھǶԷ󷨻ˣҲ˵ʲô
ʦãϵôˣ
Աߵ΢΢һζȥ
˿ֻ̣ζ˫üʱգѾ֪ˣڻȪȣ֪ʱʱҲ˵һָоָоȴеʮֲʡ
ʲôˣ
ζ˵˹һ̣Դ˵⣬ǶԷòײµľ֮
·֮ˡ
һ˵꣬һ˲ǰȥˣĵû뵽ĿˣʱһҪ֣Աζȴֽһʦ֣ˣǸˡһΡ
˵ʲô
ŴԣѾµˣζȥķü֮ǰʦ˵Ǹˣ޶ˣҲ岻ʦֲȥ
˸ղŵľ֮ȥһ䱧ǸĻûУ֪ʲô𣿡˫ü΢ζȥ
ȻζֻᵽȪ飬δ˵ݡ
ڣ澳ʵ֪ݵ˲࣬˶ǺҲ²⣬ơ
ʱζȻȥķҹĻᴹֻҡҡͷţ֪ɡ
ԭˡ
һ£ı㼴Ȼˣԭ˲֪ʦݣ಻֪ʦǺˣֲĿˣ֪ʦǺˣˡ
ֻϧľ֮ˣΧòľ̼ɢȥҪٴβ󣬿Ϊˡ
ΧɢһصĿ٣ҡͷ̾

˵׷ǾβϢ׷һҹڵڶ糿ʱٴηټ
ֻͬһ㣬ζʶ׷٣һ·֪ܵδǰһɽ֮ʱΧȻ죬һ½С
ʱŵá֨֨ҽУҪȥȴѱһ֮סǽԽԽСγһȦ档
֨֨֨֨
ʱŵûҲϵĻҲһȼʱԶȻӰȴһһŮ
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Ůһϼ˹׽ḧ˳ëЦȻǴ˵еľβл棬ȴˡ
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ʱҲ˹ϴЦٷ磬һ£ϸһýĸ֡
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ӻ˵֮ʱ˲Զ֮Ѳ֪ʱվ˵Ӱ
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0948 񽣹
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һ˵ţһ˹Ӵ˿ܹܵһɳɽѹֻˣΪԶԼ֮ϡ
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ŴԣŮ΢΢һʹ¶һɫ仯ҲӲ۾
Ƕλܹùҵʶһԡ
ӱ䣬һǺŮʱɫһף˽еĻѵʦִԼҲȥ
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ŮǿβʦֺòҵģҲڴ˲ץģ㻹ˣҪΪΪߣͿ۸ǡߣ
ֻβǱ׷һһҹƣŲ·ǲµ壬ˣҲǶԣ򡭡ɱ
ɱ֣˽ǻһӸһһɲǣܵһɼصɱǰˣϾصɱ¶롭
βҪʦܵġ
һ˲䣬ѶŮ˵ǿɱҶˣǰһ˲䣬ұȻҲеֻһȻʲôҲò
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ӵΪԶʦ֮ϣҪɱҶˣν練ƣҹ۸Ҳ޵֮ˣڴɱͲ½ɽ֮ʱһɶħԨ𣿡
ձԽԽţǺŮŻľβһƬհףźһ̣ܹԼͨͨ
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ĺŮҲ˿ǰߣ˵ûֻβϵҸĻʵҲ޷
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һصʲô˶þβѪҽεģһСС纮ҲѪΣûκãȥˡ
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Ů˫üһʱģҲɰһͦĹĵ˵ҸŲʲô˷纮ǰǰ
˵꣬һ䣬ϵʲôһҽ֪βѪȲҪ
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βѪڣһɴ֮ˣȻܹȥϺˣҲھٶ
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תһ룬˵ΪҪɱԼСãǿβν׾٣Ǵ˵Ļֺα˴£ֱɱԼСòˣ
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뵽˴Ӳԥһ̵Ŀ⣬ҲãǸܹȥʦڵĺβˣδ̣γƺ
޳

һպѴŮУΧУΰ׳
ۡô졣
ԭҪʱ䣬ȴֻһգŮǾȣʱԷΪɲˡ
˫üĪǾжڵΪ俴ȥƺûԼôܡ
λԴ·ˡת˴˿ϵľ죬˵
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Ӵ·һʱһľɽȣʯڵ£ɽ֮ҲȺƣγһĽ
˹Ϊ񽣹ȡһ·ϣѾ˽񽣹ǡʮ˼ҡ֮һйﳤ
ŮǹﳤŮйӳѩӣǹﳤǰյӣ
ڹӳѩܺĸ磬й񽣹һУʮ˼֮һңǰҵӱȶڱȶд˶Էû뵽һߣ̨һǡڤơش
ǱܺĥһɢˣڵϦ
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ӳѩ£ջһ·ЦЦԱߵɫȴԽԽˡ
Сãûз֣չСƺЩ֣

Ŵԣӳѩһ»عܿ˿ûз֣ѵ̫ûлƺûﲻ԰
Χˣȴƽ࡭
ʱȻˣһ˵ţһǰȥȴҡҡͷ
޳ֿˣ
ȥһۿó쳣ҡͷʲô˼


0949 
ǬΪ죬ΪأΪףΪ磬ΪˮΪΪɽΪ󡭡νӽܣ͸İԽʵֻҪԶ֮ˣҪ׾١佫ʲ󷨲װ׺ķѹ糷ȥˡ
Ŵԣһˡѵһ۾ͿڣԽ󣬱Ȼʦ뼸λ£ôһ۾Ϳ
ʦ֣ǵ˵ʲôүүѵڹв˽𣿺ö˶˵ģȽʲôһ˵Լô졭
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һüСã߿Щչ·
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ǵΧŵˣӳѩһȻˣֻǵʲôˣôʦʦΧ
ʦ֣Сʦáǻˣ
ʱԶȻܹһŰɫѵӣԶԶͿʦʦһ׷֮ˣʱ߽ˣӶԷϸܵһĪ⣬ϲһλǡ
˫ü΢أ˵λ޳֣Ժ˵ȸңչпǳʲô£

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¶Ű֮ɫ֪ǰʦϲ˵üţΣȥġ
ٺ٣ʦ֣ҿûһ֣֪˭Ļ׼ҲҪ
ǰӿٺЦ
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һ˵ţһȥ޳֣ҲһɣʦǱߣҲˣԺȥҲ١
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˹ÿˣ˶ע⵽ʦʦǸ׷ӣ˭ôȥƵġ
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ֻ߰˸ߣ֮ŵˣ뷢ף壬һ̴ɫۣȥϢΪȻ˱ǹﳤˡ
±֮ϣȴһӣһ»ȣҡΣȥƺҲ
ĿһϣΨʶѵˣǸղʦ˵ǸˣƺΪȷʵߣһҲ͸
ѩǿӡ
ﳤʱɫѣҲԵЩ͹ӳѩһӡ֣һ㶡
ŷӦһɲǣٴ֮ϵĽ¹ʱѽǲŵɫ૵¡ѵǣǡ֮
ǽ¹΢ЦأҡţﳤЦҵĴͽҵСŮӳѩ
ԭӳѩһᡣ
ǵϵĽ¹Ȼ΢ЦˣĿһ˹ӳѩϣúߣЩˡ
Ŷ
¹ӺȻվҡȣӳѩȥеĻЦĪǴ˵ǧβ
ӳѩԼּղԼʱʶˣ˽Ļһ˭Ҳӡ
ֻЩΣعЦɽľβʦģʦܰǰҵıڤƣ֮ѪΪҩ˷ܽȥ
ԭˡ
ǽ¹ӽһϣʱ͹ӳѩİ׷֮˿ȥЦһ֪λ̨γƺ


0950 
һ̣ϼλҲע⵽͹ӳѩǸ׷ӣ˿ȥ˪ȴǺˣ
ǽ¹ϴЦĿʼһϣһ̣ȴЩû뵽ֻӳѩȥʵġ
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׷Ӿ˿֮ϼλһͬЩ񽣹ȵӣҲסˣ˵ʲôˣ
һ±ΪӲҲ·Ȼһ㺮˪

ӳѩʱŷӦ뵽ܺĥʱﵢˣֻת
˾ڴ֮ͥ£˿ǵϵġһȥƬ̼㲻Ӱ
⡭
ϵգһʱʮֽӲҲΣһסĹﳤŷӦæǽ¹ЦСѩ٣֪Īƽϡ
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ﳤЦղǰ׷˾ʲôˣ˲֪СѩҲͿˣȥʵղ˭
ոҲסˣʱʦʻʼŻع˵ɽ
£㽫ɽ׽βһ˵ˣﳤ֮˫üƬ̧̣ͷȷһ
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Ȼ֪ʦеǣ˵ҹΪ˻ֱΪҺʦ֮ϣҪӲҲû취ûӦòǴˡ
ʱǽ¹ӺȻЦƤѻǣ֪֪治֪ģǴˣдŴ˶֣̹ϣնһ־衣
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˵˴ϵĹﳤ˹֣ʦǵȥʦǱˡ

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¹ҡȣЦĳֻǺ£ˡ

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һ·ĬȻԱ߹ӳѩһ·ȴСੲݣ֪ΪʲôǴ֮ҿҲǰ洫ţǹƥ˫ǣ˱ҵ˫þһλ֪ȳ˶ΪĪ⣬ʶˣΪ˸壬ҿ֪ô˵ոңͽһ
ֻҡͷ̾ƺ֮е֮Ǹеʧǰı
ιǸ޳øոǸôӳѩ̧ͷ˫ü΢Եʵ
Ȼһ·˵ʱҲδشӳѩԼǣ˫üøˣͣµιҸ˵أôشң̫ûòˡ
һ·ੲݣͣ΢΢תͷܺ꣬ʱൢһ̣һΣա

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ﴫӳѩһæ˽ȥֻĲϣһµӣɫ԰ף˫۷ڣ촽϶ûһ˿Ѫɫ
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ӳѩŵ˵ͷŵֳȥ˵ģ޳һܹκøϵĺ˵ġ
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ʱ߳䣬ȥ棬ֻͥԺһˣȴ֮ǰ
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ͥԺȥˣҲȥԺ棬ǰһ죺ҡ

ӳѩһ£һˣﱧŵľβ˽ü˵ҪҸѺںδҰ㣬ô졣


0951 
סòҪѾβŪˣҿκͬҲɱ
΢΢תͷһۣһ˵꣬ǰȥ
ӳѩںһعıӰһңͲ㡣
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һ˴һ߹ȴǽ¹ﳤֻﳤü˵һΣϼһҪǰͼ̲ңҿڱָʹ
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¹ҡȣ뵹ǸˣЦȴģĳָ£ʹȿ֮İԽŲںδ
⡭
Ȼ󣬹ﳤüͷ΢΢һ壺ӡʲô£
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˵֮󣬹ﳤʱЦˡ£㽫Խţȫ
ţǰһӰĺɫ֮£ԼԼýżһͷ׷Ǳˣ
ﳤֵˣͣʵλ޳Сѣơˣ
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ص˵ʱȴδȥﳤԱߵǸˣǽ¹Ŀȴһϣ˵ΪϢΪξԼҲ͸
ˣСˡ
ﳤһЦ˵ͷٶԣһȥʼգûȥǽ¹һۡ

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ӣҿܾϢ裬ÿÿ˹֮ʱϰ֮С
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0953 ɱ
ԭһƽϰһôûУΨԡơҲϢǿ󣬳ʶ֮ˣһ㿴ߡ
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֮ǰһƽﳤѯŲںδȻҲΪüϵ˽ֻû㵽ϣҲڽյ

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˫ͫɫȫӡ˷ģǷٻҹֻ˫ֽӡն˿̾ǽԷֵ֮סЦħ
ҹ
΢΢һû뵽ؼ֮ʱҹгŵգҹֵһֻԼȾħϢֽʬħʬħʱǱԼҲʧǣǺǲˡ
Сӡ
ҹһۣ˫üֻʱԡ̫Ϧ䡯־סԼ취ѣضʲô򲻻ʧ
˵꣬ҹԥ˫ֲϽӡҲ˶̫űһؽ֮Цӡȥ
ССٻ꣬Ҳסң룡
Цģ£ֻ۾Ѫ죬˫һһɿֲħϢʱ˸еһϣħϢȻ£ȴǱٵϹѹ˻ȥ

һ̣ЦģøӿֲϵħϢҲˣȫһˣԶڵӶŵɫɷףΪδʱЦǰ˿ֲô
סң
һ˲䣬Цħʶһ㣬һһɿֲħӿʱɽҡҹȻͣ˫ֲסӡһϹŽƴȥЦʶģȥ
֮ط
Ц󷢳һͳȥüһѪӡչڳţ˫ۡ

ҹҲȻһƺߣɫɷףȻΪ˽Ц־ʱסĻĹء
ҹ
ȥҹҡҡͷڳŵЦ쿴ȥ˵ӡ־֮ʱ˴Ȼͣͣ
ʲô
ֹʵ
ҹתͷһʶǿĨȥĳμʧȥոʧ֮ʱ߻ħӶԼμ䣬ΪȱʧǶμĳˡ
˵ʲô
ҹ˵֮¶ŵɫһٴЦ쿴ȥʵ󣬹ǰļ䣬ǿĨȥ˴ı£
ոգһֱ˵֣һʦһǲطȵ֮һطĪһţҲ˵ʦ
ҪعлָˣСӡնҪġҹӰԽԽʧֻصС
û°ɣ
ʱ歷˺¹˼ҡҡͷǸղҹ˵֮ʱʧȥʶЦ쿴ȥ˵ûˣȴȥ˵գЦ챧˫һţµȥ
ʱԶȻګګߣɫЩ΢΢ףƬŻعҲµǱȥˡ
Щ谵ʱʧȥʶЦ죬һüĽʱԺǸղЦ췢һĻҹ˵Щ
ǰһʶǿĨȥ˲ı£ΪҪô
ʦô
ʦ
ʦĻԹǰ飬ҲĨȥʶ飬ĨȥǰһʶʹʧȥǶμ䣬Ȼǹǰʲô
Ȼ䣬еʯһһɲǣƺ뵽ʲôЩǰȻʱʧµļ䣬ȴΪ̣Ψ屻֮£ļһֱģģ
ѵǰĨļ䣬屻ļ䣡˭Ĩ


0957 
һ̣磬ԺһĻһĻػʮǰ֮һ顭
ʱǰָϷ֮ɱ˵֣ɷ֮ϣԭǣ㣬ǰԷ˵ݣǱɽСݱ¶ɱˣǷˣ
˿̣ϸϸһУ˵ףʱЦҲҶ϶ΪǶμ䣬ʼģģںδó˰öǰöȴ񵽵ģ֤ɽ
ʱ˶û뵽һ£Ҳǣ˽ǹʹվ˳˵ǰöġ
ʱʹԭǣһұҪȥЦһ£ֿ־ŵŵˣȥμɽСӽȥû뵽һȥʱ򣬱ŵһŨŨѪ֮
ʱҲʮֳԾΪСôˣžȻһҲδʱһӰȻ̫ڣûܿǵӰ˭ܹܵõΪԶ֮ϣżУұѵвһƴؿڡ
ұΪҪˣһƣȴǴҵ棬ڲطҿҵһ£Ѿһ֮ˡ

˿̣üĽ˭˵ѣɽ¾ʲôǣһӵķۣ¾Ѱ
ոչǰ֮ʱֻ˵֣ʦ֮һһţطˡ
طٶǰ㽫֮λˣ˺ѶѰɽ֮𻯷ѵ
һɲǣ뵽ʲô֮죬Ǹصˣ
ڷ֮֮ǰֵģһͨΪɲ⣬ȴܹ²ݣֻõĵȴŵĵżͬڱԴζ
ҲΪ֮ڻȥѵٶǰλ𡭡
Ȼ䣬ϴҹ̽࣬żȻһ쳣˳һ˿΢ϢǱ£淢һغˣغܹڲκ˵££ȻǶĽƺ͵ָơ
ʱھ˭û뵽ǧѾȻҲڣǺ˽֮䣬Ǻ˵ΪԶ֮ϣ֣ҲԷһָˣɼʱΪ֮ߡ
ʱƺ¾ŵˣٱ¶֮󣬱ҴҶȥ˶ϤֲĿʾˣ˭ѵҲطˣ
طˣ࣬ΪҪ͵͵ģ
ʱǡǧҲ棬ǧȥʲôֻɺϣǧѵݣҲ򵥡
һֻ̣е˼Щң飬˸ղҹһ仰նСӣҪİ
ǵħħƶġѲ⣬ħħ
ԺֻһͷۣʱĽŲ𣬽溵Цǰ𣿡
溡
ոʱһЦϣδע⵽Զ溵쳣ʱȥʯŴ򿪣ֻԷվ⣬һ˵壬ĸ֮ɫ
Ǹ
̧ͷ谵һۣСʵЦǰ𣿡
óʱе֮࣬嶼ûˣֻԼˣ
һҹ˵ǰһʶĨȥˣԹǼ£һֱģģһʵġ
ô
ڵ￴ȥԺղ棬Цǿֲӣ֪ΪΣǸеһļº£һ档
Щ˺һֿʵδˣ
δ
һ̣Ÿղŵ飬Щ飬ҡͷո춯ʱ͸Ϲˣûѡ
̧ͷֿҡҡͷû£ڻȥ㲻صġ
溽㡭
תʱֺȻֽס
תһЩģѾþûԷƺԼˣʱЩϰߣګګôȻֽҽˡ
ü΢һ̣·ֻص˵꣬ص꣬ȫϣʧĻ䣬ССɽԷÿÿҹչҹԼһ춯ᵣĵĹ
ûûʲôµĻˡ
溵ͷȥģ֣һὫҳ˭ΪߣǷֻ죬ҾŹ
ԣһȻͣ΢΢תͷĵصһҪء
ʲô
һ£û˼ȻعʱѲӰֻһĵĻ·ص
Щ꣬һľۼ֮ҲͬʱҹӰȥ鵱һ£δֻǵ֮£ʵ˷룬ҲѰҪҳ࣬һʱƬ̼䣬һ
ãŻصŻԲѵЦ죬ԺֻʱԷһһ˵Ļ
㣬ǣ˷Ϊ㽻һ˸󣬱ܶȴ˳ɽٳɣֻҪһǣкܹģ
Ⱑ㣬ҽ֮ʱܱҵʱ룬ɱ㣬ӣȴҪŸʹ򱶣СӶȴǿڿ˵ħնһգ֪ΨһͽܣȴħʱҪΣ
ұ㽫һ㣬һֱ֪ˣħǿʮҲȻħʱҾ룬СӸ䣬;һĥѣôһҲؽֶѣһգƣȻתʱҼھȪ֮£ҲҪţɱ㣬ǻ㣬ɱ㻹ǻ㣬ؽʹһ

һǰʦԹ̫̫޷⣬Ҳûˣܹˡ
ȥʱ䣬һգЦˣİʯȻһߡ
ǰˡ
ʱڰ֮һȴһ£ϥһ
Сӡ
Цͷƺǰ£΢Щӡ˹ǰʲôˣ
ҡ
ЦŶͷֻȻ񣬹һ̧ͷһգû˵ɣ
ҡҡͷֵǰգǱо
ԣЦһ£漴̾һʱУ߻ħҲˣ˰ˣõȴԵʧû˵Ǳá
ü΢߻ħ»벻һʧȥļ䣬¿Ѿ벻ˡ
СӣΪΣһЦٴ̧ͷʵ
üΪȻͣϴ棬ֻһΣδȫͻƣҴҳһ󻼣֮⣬ǰڻȪȣħԨ֮£ħһħ֮ʶ
Цһ겻˫ˣȥμ˫ᣬô澳ĹأڴڼҲܶôˣҹǧѣΪ֮죬ʵڳϣ۶ȫ⿪ôΪ뻹֮ˡ

˵ͷʵǧѣζһζգΪͻƣҵʲôľ֮ΪȻӿֲһʥ֮Լͣڴ˵Ļ˵Ϊ¶Լ֮ϡ
ˣһ۶һҹɵϽϣԼʲô
ԼӵУ˭ҲûеĲ⾳ǲ
ܲ⾳ʮǿĿǰʼͣڵĲ㡰顱ʼԲһ㡰桱֮
ܹ֮ʱҲƱһʥ֮ʱǿ֮УȻԪŵطƱãӿʱкξ壿
뵽˴һ˵ȹЩʱգδǻҴչһʱ䡣

Ц˵ͷ֪ڶۣ֮Լһ޶⾳Ȼѣȴѭˣдɡ


0958 
ҡǰˡ
ǰߣ˵꣬ȥˣЦסղšǲʲôҪҵģ
ͣ˽Ųոʹ飬Լһطˣһ£ЦļģҵģΨطˣǵһЩ
ǰɻǵطˣתʵ
ط
һ̣Ц˳˼òŵٶǰط֮λ֮ҲѶ𻯵ɣǺͲطǷ֮һٶһֱڰ£Ӳ
ٶ꣬Ӳ
΢ŵĵӣҲδ˵طˣٵŵʱһʼ֪
Ǻȥ壬֪һط˵ģط˵ҵʦ̨λ˵ʦ֣ʶţʵ˵ıߵģΪŵˣҲƺΪʦ塣
ϴط˵¼Ҳֻţط˵¼֪࣬˸١
ʱǧĿʦӣ˽֪ɣҲ֪ǧǰţ뵱ʱħʦӾһս
ʷصһħ֮ʮֲңȻʤˣȴҲԪһǰѣǿ䣬伮ʧɵųҲš
ǵʱħҲԪˣ䲻ֻԪħˡ
ʱعֻǴʷ￴ЩأҲܹóʱĲҡ
һħ֮ʧԪľǿ߻࣬Щǿ߻ڣΪѷǳ󣬿鴫˵еġ̫ʥ֮
ط˺ͷ֮ˣȻʲôԪ򣬾Ŷδǿߡ
һŶǿߣЩ˷׷׳֮ǰҪԼΪߣ˵ԽЩˣٲҡ
񽣹һﳤжڵΪֺξĸʱǿΪبŲĵ

ƻʱ֣棬ĺȽȽƺһƬϼƽ羰
ʱ죬Ҳ֪δûУҹɫδ̤ɽ˷δ빬
ԶԶͥԺﴫЦ¹棬ˣҪڣ˸ƣʾ¡

˵ͷȥˣߣͥ仨׷ףŮļϣϡ
ȥĲʧ棬·ʯӾ߻񣬶ȴβˡ
֨֨֨֨֨
߽ˣէȻһæȥδתδڣȵΪˣҲ·˵һ
˿̵Ǵһ֣δһЦ漴˵¸ң죬ǰȻʧ´ŵ㣬Ծû¹ڿǰӦѾûˣ˵ΪλͻȻǰʧ
ü΢ӻδȬ˽һ¸˵ǰҪ飬ȴ߻ħ
ô
δŷţһֵˣһ£ȥ֮أǲʲô鷳ˣ
鷳ʲô鷳
תȥ֮ѰβҲ˳Ҫ˵ʲô鷳Ļ񽣹һССң㲻ʲô鷳ɣ
ʱδƺ鲢˼򵥣ʵʲôô
δ˿ɫصӣȻйأ˵ǰ𽴫Ѷ˵񽣹ȣһڵˣȥ񽣹ȵ˵ʱƺ˵һ䣬죬Ҳǡǲ㣬Ǹˣָյ˵죿
󣬻δֻͣʱϣһƣǺȻЩ¡
ЩϲŭɫټԷ¶ʱ飬΢΢ü㵱Ǹڣô¡
㽫յ˵ˣ֮󣬻δüҪ񽣹ȣǾƫҪ񽣹ȣǡ
ǳ
һɲǣкâһδв΢΢һᰴסֱۣ˵ǸڣһҹӰȥ飬ǾʲôͷšʱҪȥˡ
˵ָһϣϸϸӦƬ̺üҹϢʱȣǲǴ̫˾Ϯʱǰˡ


0959 
һ̫˾Ϯ֮ʱȷʵǰˣһɣÿÿ󶯹֮ʱɱԡ
±ֻа֪𰲻˵ʱһãҲضδ뿴ġ
տƴȫֵУһҲҪץߣòǰ
δḧ˸ؿڣ˵û£ʱ䣬ħºúȶΪǣ飬һύ歺ȥ죬㲻صġ

˵ͷֵǸڹ֮أʵΣʱҲðС£ʵҲҽʥҩʥλ;Ҫ
ãһᴫѶǣǾδ˵ͷ˵
ʱڷԼ漴һɫصұչس֮ǰ㲻ȥ澳
֪ıǡδһЦָһ¡

һ޹⣬⣬ƺδ¹¹ȻһҹװһҪȥģ˵ˣ㡭
ꡭ
δ˸ƣħǱС˵֮ǰҹӰѶϢʱȥڣڿ񽣹һ¹ȻйأƺЩҵӦǳ£Ҳӽ
˴ͣһ澳ƹ֧£ġӰ֮˲ϢǧӦǲɣ
˵֮¹㶣漴üһΪѵصû⣬һҪ֪ˣҵġ
δϵ֪֪ϲ֪ģ⣬һһȥڣΣա
ǣǺðɡ
¹վֲһͬħǱȥˣħǱߣδ˸ƣʾϱߣȥϢˮ̶ȥˡ
ٳ֮󣬻δֳɽһۣСȥʱѾ״̬ȻûܹϢ

ҹʱ񽣹ȣֻɽ飬ʯᾣһѰѾ޽Ҳ۶ϣʯɽȣٲƣΨһų
ҲԵһƬȻ֮
˿Ĺ㳡ϣֻżʬ⣬żˣ񽣹ȵĵӣﳤĴٲȻС
࣬ǲѪմѪȻ˼صˡ
ڼ˵ǰߣվһµӣһѽϻڵѪʱӸµؿżˣôҪӲ𣿹ﳤѾˣʣʱˣ˵ѹںδֻ˵ʱǻָʲô֮ô
ҹ䴵һɴ̹ǵĺ⣬˫ֱѨ⣬һҲˣԱ߼ʬѪδ̣Ǹոձɱġ
̧ͷ޺޵ؿ˵ˣ뼸λʦ֪ܲʲô֪˵ںδ
ǣײģᰡ
һ˵꣬кâһǰһݣ͡һһ̴һš
ʦܣ
ʱĿѣλʦѪһ̣˻ߺ㵽㽫ǶɱΣҲɣ¾˺ݶ˸Ͼɱôħкηֱ𡭡
ħڡ
һЦһóŽϵѪһߵ˵ûмħµģԲŻ˾ãħڵǵ³»Ұٱ
ҹ纮䣬ӵĻӺ䣬ʱڹ㳡һɽϣֻɽϱ߰Ӱȴǰˡ
Ҫ
һ½𰰴סˣֻĿ±ߵĹ㳡㳡滹ʮڵĸ֣ǵı£Ҫɱʮˣȥ񽣹Щ˾ȳ¡
ֻҹӰһ£յǵڣ֮Уûаˡ
ο֮ǰȥ񽣹ȵǼǼǷ񻹲⸽ŹﳤˣҲδ֪ΪҹӰ֮ףʱʱȥðա
ǡ
˫üЩ˺ϵѣٲȥ˵ĻǾȫڵɱˡ
ҲУ
ɫն˿ɣյ֮ǰ˭ҲжûУ
ʱһȥҹԽԽ㳡棬ʬѾǰӿż˵ҲգǾţ˭ǣ֮ǰٲ˵ڣһնȥֽţȥǵ˫ۣȥǵͷ
˵գǰӽĽһѵһ㳡ȥˡ
ɽ棬ǰһǽ䱸иˣʱȥˣٺò
У
̬ȻѰһЩССҲͰˣڣԽԽǲѰ䱳Ȼдڲٿأյ֮ǰж
ʱѶڴȡ㣬𰼱æʵΣϴϢ𣿡
δ빬
һ̣˫üøˣüСʵǾ𣿡
̳롣
𽽫𣬲ԥ񽣹ȵ˴ȥ̳룡
ȵȡ
΢΢һɽ濴һۣСˣǱɣǡ
˵꣬ȻȥĿ⣺𰣬ҪΥ𣿡
ǡ
˫ü΢ɽһۣ˵Щ˶ʶѣղҲˣڶնɱһԭҲΪϡұ˽ϣϵ֪ȴûȥˣǣһ񽣹Щ˵޹أҲΪѡ
㣬ǵҪΥҵ𣿡
һɲǣӱˣһ£ջĬĬͷ𰡭ҡ
ߣ
һڻ뿪񽣹ȣһ·ϣĬҲ˵ǲ˽Ϊ˽⣬ԲŸӲȥˡ
£ӹȫ֣ղյδĴѶԷ룬һڸ;Уδ빬ˣɼһ¾ǵС
Ϊ˽⣬˱ǻδ룬ʱ򣬲ŸӲܳʲô⣬񽣹ȵ˿δ빬ܳκһ˿⣬϶ġ
ԼгһһĹȻ޹⣬ҹζӰͣóӦδķλоңԶȻŶݵ֮Ҳܹġ
һŽ˿ȥ𰻹ĬĬͷü𰣬㻹ŷ֮£
ǵͷһ˲䣬Ȼһ˿쳣Ѹ˹ȥһһԷˣ˲仯һɢˡ
Ӱ֮ˣ


0960 ʧ
Ȼ֮ǰŰ𽲻ע⣬񽣹ȾȥˣһóȻ£Ҫ⡣
ͳ졭ô죿
һ̣˶𽿴ȥ⡣ɫջǳ񽣹ȵķȥնȥ
ʮ˵Ӱ˲ʧ˳ҹĻ¡

񽣹ȣҹɫޱߣ˪һӰϢǱ˽Ǳˣ𰡣
ǳʱŻʱ֮ǰѾȥȫϢʱڣ취˾ȳ
ص֮ǰɽ£ֻǹ㳡ȻڵˣܹʮˣҪ㳡Ǽ˾ȳסʮˣҪôɱҪôʱʧȥʶ
ֻһˣȻ޷ͬʱɱʮˣֻЩʧȥʶ
ʱѾͣˣȻһƬκһ˿紵ݶЩ˵ľ
ɽһӥһĿ⣬ʮ˵λñ仯ûܹ˫ۣʱڵȴһᡣ
һӹȥˡ
ӹȥˡ
ˣ죬ɽҶҲͣǴɱĺûᣡ
һ˲䣬˫ͫѸٷŴĿۣǱӥһҹûκ谭
ݣ
ԷΪڣöѾȥ׼˹㳡ǰ˵ĺ󾱣Щ˻δӦͬһö룬Ǻ󾱡
Ǻҹʮö룬ȴһ鷢ʮ˲룬Ի赹ȥҪȴ˯һڣ޷
ʦ֡㿴
㳡Щڵ˵ȥ㳡Ǽ񽣹ȵĵӾһ㶣һ˲䷴Ӧ˹ضˣꡱһʾҪ⾪Ϻڵˡ
˶ס˺ѭɫ̫ȴԶʲôˣֱһ󺮷紵һӰǰ
ϢϡɼһòŮʦҲǳϣ񽣹ȵˡ˭
Ҳԣ⿪ϵӣǵѨߡ
˶һۣǰŮ˭ǵģҲԥŶԷȥˡ
Ȼһ߳㳡ȴȻͣһɲǣŵ˲ڰһ˿ΣϢ
ôˣ
ţɫЩ΢΢ף۲ţ˳ּ·һѴѪĳ䱸
⼸˼ǰŮȻͣ£ʱһҲΧȥȴκη紵ݶ
ʱ֪δȻһ⣬಻֪δһ˪ֵǲֻϧҲҪ
ǻ֮ʱֻǰߣһӰһ£ȣȴǰǸӡ
ϣ
ӳ֣Ȼһʧ˳
ӣʵݲͣλ̫棬ʯĵմӣҪòᣬʵ䲢СһΪҲߣںٮٮߣԶܱȡ
ΪߣԣȴǺ֮ǰ񽣹ЩˣǱɱ˿ֻ̣һɫ䣬ȴ˿δ˷
һ̣ѶһѺУ˲仯һӰϮɱȥһٶȼ죬˲ϢǰȴأУһһվ˹ȥֻնһƷ˿
һ˲䣬У߳һһƼȿͣȻ𰷴ӦѸ٣æ֮ҲֻһĹֻ顱һһƽʵʵϣʱ˳ȥ

һʱֽǰȻΪ˵ʱ˴룬ȫʢʱڣҲֵסϵһаʽʱһƷϮȥ̱㽫⼸񽣹ȵĵѪ˳ȥ
е˼
ЦһЩû˿ȤǰŮȴʮָȤһ˲䣬Ϯȥ
ɱϮһΪӣҹӰóҲսӪʧܣ˿ԥ˲仯һӰҹɫ֮УҪɽߡ
ŶӰ֮˼
أЦ䣬ֻһӣʮ׭˲Ϣǰ˳ȥһ׭һڰȼһ˲׷𰡣

ֻһҽȴһ׭ıϣʱԳҲ޷ݲأȻ׭֮ϰط
ȻˣԴҴҶȥ°ա
һ룬˲Ϣһ죬һ¶סĺ
һʮԷò֮û뵽һ˵Ůһ֣Цһλˣ˼
ɿЩʱеɱȴ˿δм٣ĿȻһ䣺˵˭ģ
ȻļʶȻһ۱㿴ˣŮѰŮȻʱ֣ȴûаֻңܹϸѵɫ򶨣뻹ֹһЩ񽣹ȵˣ񽣹û˳ɫ֮ˡ

Զ˼Уһʱ˲ڵˡ
ӡ
ˡ
Ͽ˿ЩˣǱ߼˿˿˵ЩˣŮӣȫص񽣹ȥҪǡһ򾡡
ֻһϼѨʱסˡ


0961 
İֻм֧ѷ΢Ĺâ˱ʯϣмʯ̨ϡ
Ůġȥɫǲ㿴ǲٺ١
ڵ´𰣬ؿ˹ȥȻ̧ͷʱ񣬶˽Ī˸
ˣȻṫӽãǿЩȥɡ
ɫȴûɫֻȥƬָֻֻ֮лȼʱϸ΢ǲ֪Ķ϶ĵˮ
㡭û°ɣ
𰿴˹ȻΪߣȴǷƶǰŮΪǶʧֱܣеǸƣ˵ǣ۹Ҳˡ
ʼղ˵˵һ̧ͷʵ֪ôƺܺУǰ񽣹Ⱦǡ
ɲʱһˣô࣬𡣡
ֻϺȻſڣȻ˽һˣеʱǺ⡣
Ȼȴûȥֱ˹̧°ͣЦһСˣֻϧǸư͡
ʼղ˵ϺȻһ䣺ҲƻǼƣʧȥ֮ǰ˵˭ģǻж桭
𽥱ýڰ֮Уֻǽǵĵˮ˼ٵĺ
ɵϲЦһãõúܡ㲻ڣеǰ취㿪ڡ
ֻ֮ɫһϣȻһö
ȴһССԼߴ糤鲼ĵ̣˿󣬽һɫˢһ±òҰס
ǶרԸŮӵĴ̾ߣдƵºû뵽Ȼ˴
ס֣
˳һֱͨͨǶڹϣһɱˡ
Ȼʱ𰾹治ɫĿ⣬Ҳδƿ֣ϽǱСϣƣصôǲ˵𣿡
˽Կľδϵʯӣһ´֮ˡ
ۼҪ֣ϣʲôҼǣڼɥֶδȥʦʯҲҪѣ㡭
ʦ֣
⼸ĵѣһѪֻ򴦣Ѫעһֱۣһ˲䣬ն
˵ô
䵭ղŷһ죬˵˴ʱţûУҲӲһ
ССʯʱһŨŨѪ֮˿ʦֱնֱۣһ̾ŵľѡ
һĻϣһ˿仯ҲûУһأϸӶ϶ѰˣֻѰ˵ĻȻ£ٸղһ˲䣬϶ٻоɫһ
ǰŮһ仯ҲûУһûκθɱ֡
е˼
ЦһԪһˣʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ𣬽µڵɫҴҵ˽
ϼ˻Żŵģüͷһ壬ʵ£
ǰأɫҰףһߣ˵Ӳˣڹˣɱˡ
˵ʲô
һɲǣ˪ָһǰʱ׭ֻصֻᡯȥס
ǣǡ
Я˷ᣬ̴ҴȥˣϻعһĿϣɫҪѿжѿ
ǵ˭˶ˡ
߽ˣЦһȴǲڣʧȥһһ죬סĺٲ˵ĺ
ˡ
Цһһɲǣиɱ¶Ȼһϴȥ
ۣ
ȫ⣬γܵסһƣʱһѪȻУɱȴȻֻ
˵
˵ǲ˵
˵
ֻϺȻ˫Ѫ죬ǷһһһƣϳϴȥѪϴӿ񽣹ǼˣʱŵûɢҳһۣʱҲʹȥˡ
˵ô
Цֹһ̣ϵɱˣסͷݺݵˣô
һ족֣Ǽ񽣹ȵĵӾһ㶣Ժһ»ĳһΪСܱȡ
ɫɷףѪӿ۵ϡϲᣬŹġ
Źң
Цʮǰ澳˽֪ɥ֮ȮʮҪѱˣȻܱ˵£ȤȤ
˴ֻȻ׹¶Ҳһ±øˣҲգҲգ͵ϣһݴˣ֪ԣֻ·һ
䣬ȫɱһְֻסһֻһһİʱһҽС

񽣹Ǽ˿ľѣֻһƵһߣͬԸղŵķס֣һҽ
Ǻǡ
һ̣оǺ֮ɫһ̧ԪۣҪͷȥһ˲䣬Ȼһâ˽ϲһܣ㿪ǵâֻкӰһΣм˷˽
ã
ɱָһ£ʱʮᡱ
ڳ˲䣬ʱնסȥ⼸ˣϷƣסֻΧʮġᡱ˲Է
ߣ
һ£ֻܾ𰣬񽣹ǼˣȴЦһߣûôף
䣬ֻһȥʱӿ糱ңһ顱һײʱ̳ɢȥ֮ʱȴѲӰ
׷棬ΨҹĻκӰһ̣֮ɫˣЦ棬ãõúܡ

ǧ֮⣬콫ҹӰһһĹȣֻɫɷףȫѪȻ歷ƵİٻʱñȴȻԡ
ô
˫ü뵽ضȥˣˡ
شͳ죬ȫϣ𣬿¡
ҹӰŮ̧ͷһɫҲЩ΢΢ףָ򶫱߷ȥ˵Ƕȴ죬δ빬
ǡ
˲ԥ̴ϻԲѵ𰣬߷ȥˣգ۱ʧɽ


0962 
֮󣬻δ¹ڵУǶﴺͣϸ˿Ͽջ˲࣬ʹδ¹ѾȥòҲע⡣
ЩЩ̫ƽ񽣹ȱһ£ѴУŪĻ̡̻
Ͼʮ˼ڽҲľ񽣹εڣ֣֮
֮̾࣬ϣСЦŶһëȥӴƮ㣬һЦ֮£˵˵͹ľƣá
ȻϵĵҲǷǣԸڵ̸񽣹ȱһ£ǽϵ飬һССջܹ˵ġ
ңƣ
ڵﰲ֮ʱֻ߽Ůӣ˽ɴ棬ͷϻմˮˣһѩһȴãƺ䡣
¹ͻδ룬˵ĽԭЩĿջһ»˶˿˹ɴȴҲա
λ͹٣¥룡
СǸСϴЦæк˹Сʮ˵ǲ٣ȴδվ֮ˣ˱طǷˣΪкƵǷʶŹס˵ߣ¥ϰȥ
¥ϰůһЩδ£¹һ˿϶ֹ˽˫üеҲ֣ǰ컹磬꣬͸ضƵģǲԶˣ˵𣿡
δһЦɱ棬ⲻ˼𡣡
дЦȻļ紺ŨԶҲˣû˼̬Ȼû˼䶬º䣬ȴʤ˼䶬º䡣
¹Цǽô࣬ұ㹬ȥˣٹһ£ɲ˼䴺ůʱ
˵ʱСѽȺõľƶδ˫֮òʱ˶סˣգɶԷƶ𡭡
ιʲôأƷźá
ԣԲ𡭡
СŻţæƷ£һ뵽ǰŮ֮գϲҡ
¹·ܳӣźЦιСǵõĲˣ
ǣǡλ㣬Եȡ
СԾλ࣬˲ӣæͷȥˣֻ¹ЦȺеľƣůůӡ
СѡɡͷһĪλĹˣôССһطиǻ̡̻

ҹͣˣ繳ССʮҹʱӰջͥԺǰˡ

δ룬𽼸˹֣δȻҲ֪յ飬ʵסڵ𣿡
عܹץסĸˣȫʯµĵӣھʮ
ܺã²˳٣ߡ
סڵˣδ벻ɣ¹ȥˡ
μȻΪ˶ˣǲԽ񽣹Ǽ˾ȳˣżƻóȻ
һ󣬼˵ֻ¹£ǴĸˣԱŵģҹӰˡ

δˣкδȥˣ̧ͷʱܣ֣޻ź֮ɫŭŻδˣǵʲôˣҵץ֪˭
ȻƽڵĵŹˣɵ˼˶ߣο˻λ̫֮һʯµĵӣһЩӵŵӣԸЩĸ֪ʱԼΪ
ʲôҵȻ֪ʲôˣһ֪
δĿ䣬żˣ¹˿Ȼ£˷´ɢ
һҪԼ˷¶˾ɫʲô֪ʦ˭
ʦ̫ϾҲûá졣
¹һЦһ̴ֻɫƿߵǰ˽죬ȴҲϷҩ
ô
¹ЦһȻһӣö˵Ĳ˾Ǳó涣ҧһ£ֻһʹܿû֪ţȫȴȼҪΪҽһ㣬
㣬ʲô
˴ʧɫԽԽܣ¹öҩڵϣص⴩ɢǶҩǽҩڰʱڶڰʱڷ´ɢ
㡭㣬ôŮˣ
ʹѵⲻҩ¶ҩһҲֻܹԹԷ¶ҩˡ
¹Ц۴λʦִ
ʦ֡㣬˵ʦ֡һأôˣɫѿ֮£ֻüϵĴɢ¡
˷´ɢ󣬻δ볯濴һۣüȥ񽣹ȡ
ȻҪϻˣǱоˣһڵӣǴԣδػϻˣһ֮£Ҫɱˡ
δȻһ㣬ԲҹӰרȥʯµĵӣһʦŹ˼ɣϱٲϣҲûа취
ڶ磬һ񽣹ȣŹһƬǽ壬δ벻յٻҲ˻ȥġ
ԶԶˣôˣͶô˵᲻ñӡ
δһʱҲ˳ˣЩʱһֱ񽣹Ѱѹڣδ뿪


0963 
¹ǰһߣϣЦǹ𣿶ôʹô顣
Ŷ
ĿϣֿĻδ룬δһ˲䣬Ȼһû뵽һλˣһɲǣԺֻ뵽һˣǾζ
ΨζǰŮȣζǺεݣǶɾµӣ붼ȥ롣
е˼
û뵽գһζ֮ͬˣ·ˣ˼䣬ӦϵӲŶԡ
ֻǰĿȴʼһڻδϣЦ֪λγƺ
δĿ⵭ȻؿˣöˣΪЩ£Լ˭δ롣˵㼸ʦ񽣹Ǽ
ʱĸڵĵӣͷǿһۣ֪ԼʦܣЦˣԸˣĳὫ˻ǣǡҲҪ£ĸҪɱǾɱ˺ˡ
Ŵԣ˽һ¹ЦһƹӲҪżȿ⼸˵ĩһһɾȥʱͷϵƷ˳ȥ
ʦ֣
Ͼ״һĸһɲǣҲһ˲ôûг
ʦ֡
ɫɷףһ˼æ˵ʦ£ɽǰգϣȻһ紵šˣʱͱǰˡ

һ̣ɫһ㺮˪ˣǿԲܶԷʦܣи̣ȥȻᱻʦ𷣡
ϴʱŲƵδ뵭Σƹڿϻ𣿡
ٺ٣á
Цֹһ̧漸ڵȥ棬Ǽ˸Ҵ
ǡ
ļڵӣʱȥˣʱ㽫˴ԭʮˣֻʣˡ
Щ죬ȻҲܾĥնȥһۣ⼸Ҳ˲ˣȫࡣ
ȿڴŮӣ˽һ㶣ĪԼ˵ĹһģǸϽ˫ϡ
δأɫ䣬ͬʱˡ
ȵȡ
Цһ˿ĸʦܣֿ˿ˣЦĸǲˣ
δԾȻҪ
򵥡
һЦȻɱһ֣һ죬֨һʱһ˺
˻δ˵Ѫ˫ͫ׽ŴûϢ
ʦܣ
Ŀѣʦܵ嵹£Աˣһ̶Ƕ˻һľ֮ɫһҲ
ͽ𣬹˵𣿡ϿŻδ룬һЦִȣҡ
ָһҲȫȥһ˫ֵġ
ϡ
˫۲Ѫ˿ݺݵϣѾҧѪֻ޲ȥһһڽϵ˺
ȿڴδɫģĿҲȻͣϣ˵£ȥ˴
ǡ
¹ˣȥˣһ䱸
½˽ʱϺȻһһɲǣδȥĿ⣺ĸʦھͶܳԡ
˵ʲô
ԣͣعͷʱȴλʦܸɫڣӡ֮ȻһƬȻж֮
ҩ
һɲǣϵɫøѿˣЦҩûУŹǰѶƳ֮ڣǱضö
ߡδתȥٶԣһȥˡ
ϿʧıӰɫϵͽһȺŮ˸ˣˣʱɫҪѿжѿԱ߼ʦҲҳ
һ漸ڵ˲С
ʲô
ת˼һۣȫûõķҸǷᣬҲ˴˾ߣȺŮˣҾǻص졭
˴ӱˣλ׷ɱﳤȥˣôûϢ̴Ѷǻ
ǣǣӡڵ˲Ҷԣȥ

˵δˣһ뿪񽣹ͣһ·ߡ
ʧһۣܱסһǲףֻʱЩŻδ˵лλȣλʦܣʵ֪αλ顭
˴ͣһּʿǡλģλˡ
û¡
δż˵пǻбˣ
˶һۣҡҡͷһ˵ֻǺʦˣˣɱˡ
ɫʹӣδҲһ̾Ȼ񽣹ȣǳĳĿģ˾һԭ򣬴Żǡ
һ˰ɣ£պ˵
δ뿴ˣܾˣܺùȫҪԼ˻죬һ£Ҳĵط漴عǲܸȥ졣
ǰ˵лһ⣬ֻҼһֻ»ǣλģϤúܣȻˣڵҲǣǻҪȥѰʦǣԡ
һ˵δ뵹Ҳǿ¹ùһֻƿݸ˵һƿǰٻƣһ·Сġ
࣬л
˲ϵѪۣȥݹƿ·Ū׵ڣһ̶Էɽһ
ǡλҲһЩ
ٴ˿˿ʦһȥˣܿ죬㲻Ӱ
ʧķعδʵҲ߰ɣ֮ˣ鷳ˡ

δ΢΢ͷԥһķȥˡ
ʱѾǧɽ֣֮ʱǺȻһԼԼϢˣ¹ɫһڵ׷ˡ
ߣ
δԥٶޣǱ߷ȥˡ
죬ҲкЩʱˣ溵ҩ԰ҺǣֱۣžķˣȫϣûеǰأҪҲһ
ħµɽչҲаʱˣ淢飬Ȼ˿֪
һգֻԪתϢǽĳ֮һ˿˿תñȴǰ˳ˣת˳ʶ࣬ʶܹõĿת
Ϊȹ̣ϵķ֮Ѿȥ󶯹ɣʬħʱţûļ
ʱ·ֻصյ̫ϣϸ꣬ǰһֻͬǶԷǹɷ֮ʼûС
Ȼ⣬һףƮƶˣȴƫƫҲ޷صգصǸڳץ㣬Ū۵ССͯ
һתһ¹ȥ꣬ϤĳǺƳգħڣǰһȥħڣ
ص
֪˿һУԼһУԼһ֡ࡱ
ĪԼΪԼеͻƣ
ڤڤУһаţԼΪͻڼȴƫƫһࡱ
ģǰһӰ˺ϼƱ˰±ߣƮƮ

üͷ΢΢һ壬ǰ߽ˣʼһǳǳ⣬Ȼûп뿪ȴܹó뿪ʱ򣬿޵ĶϳҲǵã죬Цһġ

ԽԽˣһ̣ǺȻĳֱǰġࡱǡ
ҪǣԷʱ͸ϢһֺǿĸоҪǿζ
ӣ
Ǳ˪תһɲǣʱеһϣҲˣֻһ˲䣬ǰһУȫˣࡱʧˡ
ɽ棬Ȼ۾Ͼһ亹ոǸԣոǲ࣬࣡
ΪУոΪ£񣬷Ѳκθ顣
Щñ飬Ⲣ飬ֻǿȥȴȻ顣
ɸոпһȫ飬ûκθ飬ֲ£׹Ԩĺ䣬ѵǡ̫飡


0964 
һ˲䣬Ȼ˵ħڣӳʱǻƮ£ǸʱѾûϢʣһƲд֮δ
պʱ·߷ʬ壬ãҲʣһƲд֮δʱԲֶΣǿнһһŮ֮תƵ
һһһŮ͸ˣֻصĻᶼûˣȴʹ˹
ʱȻϳһһŮǶͬ˵ˣǵΪĵӣڶϷһؼΪ̫顱
ʱ̫а֮аӦΪұȡ̫飬飬ǿĨɱһ˵ĸ飬ʱȴ˵޳̫飬ȴܹ
ڵʱ˵ֱһɺԣնܻóǧֺαؿ
سã䲻ܳǶ˳֮ǱǶ̸ֺʲôն㣣̸ֺ
⣬Ǵδ˫ǳȥϵĹƶԷƳƶȻȴڶԷıϣС֣ЩС־ӡѪҺһ仯
һ˲䣬뵽ˣ̫鹲֮ǰõϾ¾ӡϵЩ֣
ֲáֲЩΪȴʱŷɣ֮ʱᵼʧΪֻ̫Ͼû¾ȫ֪̫¾һֱӡԼϡ
ѲǵСС꣬Щһۣ֪ˣ̫飬뻹űйأΪ֡ԣ
һɲǣ뵽ʲôҲΪ֣Ҳֻһöӣðˣ֡ضǶ½Ǳߣһˣ
뵽˴е󣬹ֲãֲøղп£ѵ̫Ҫ㱨𡭡
ãƽѾ޷ټȥˣÿÿһ뵽ղſǺӣҲ֪ΪΣͻеһ⡣
ĪǽΪǸˣµǸˡ
һ̣뵽˴ǰĵεΣǰЦߣȴôСֱϤˣŽôн
һ̵ֵľż
һЩ쳾·谭ÿÿҪͻ֮ʱʱȥ£Ҳ֪δˣҪȥ
뿪ħ£ȥδ빬ʱȴδ벻ڹУҹӰҲ죬¶ˣƺЩֵֹġ
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⣿ݼݼǶ
üһ˵ͷҿһ̣Ƿ죬ҩ԰ȥˡ
һ棬溿Ŵ˳üһ濴һۣʵ˭棿
𰡣
𰣿
ٶԣȥ棬ֻڴϣɫ΢΢ףҪȴκζá
𶯡
˹ȥ˵úأҹӰִʱûܹˣδܹصˡ
һ֮̽£ֶԷȫϣ˫Ҳ˷ȥǿΪ֮
һ˲䣬һ֮Ȼʱſڵ溣ҲܵɶȻĿº⡣
˭
һ̣ЩͳƾļʶȻó𰲻ڴбԷ˾ǹ֮ʱ⵽ԷһԪǿȫ
𡭡ϡ
ɫףҪӴȴʼԶ˫ַסĿ˵˭
ڣʯ´ӣϡ
ʱ溴˽Ȼ֮ǰݼݼѾ澳ˡ
ڡ
һɲǣøӺˣ˽֮ǰ񽣹ȵ飬һһʮȫ
ָ֮ɫɷף𡭡ϣԲ𡭡ңûܽǾȳۣ˽ǡ
ʵһֱ֪ҹӰʮСģȴҲδʧȥԵġ
ư𽣬Ǿ£ȴᣬȻԼ񽣹ĻǸΣֶȥˣȴʹԼ
ʱȥ˵úڴ£뵣ģ溻κϵ˵ġ

ҧ촽˵ͷ۳һỹ۽ǽδ䣬˿ʵۡ
ҹӰֵҪʮֿ̣˫ֽԷϣϣȻҽлֶΣܹӹҲزǰˣҲҹӰһԱˣܿ졭Ҳȡ
úϢȥ澳Ӧǡ
һ˵ţһȥ𰿴ȥıӰ˵ʲôȴδܿڡ
ߵſ֮ʱֺȻͣ΢΢תͷһɲкâһǣʮ

澳δһ˴һ·ĺɫ٣ȻվδܹѺǵǿϢ׷١
һϢԽԽˣȻ֮ңһ׼ʥԣֻ˲Ϣ֮䡣


0965 ֮
ߣ
Ȼ֪ͣӲģѾ첻ԶˣֻҪ澳ܻܿȥûпӹһ׼ʥ׷ɱ
ǺϢǿȻһ׼ʥҲͨͨ׼ʥ
˴¹𽿴ȥ𽣬ǻ͹ȥˡ
㲻Ķ֡
һֻ̣δɫְסµļ˿ţһѰŮӣһ׼ʥ׷ɱֻ´ʱŵûŲ·ˣʲôˣĵۣ˵һ׼ʥʥΣ
Դ˿̣ܹ˴򶨣ǷƷӿʣֱԷӰԽԽȴһˣӰͬʱ
ֻΪˣ뷢ףһ£ϢɽֻһۣһԨsŵĸо
󣬻ߣ˿ȥΪ㲻ˣԱߵǸӣǱˣϡ
λּˡҡȣŻδ¡𽼸ˣЦЦص
δĿ⣬ȴδϣûпһֻۣΪߵδ룬ǰ׷Ҽգδ̣γƺ
ʱĿǲѰ֮һϢǿ׼ʥˣһոߣһǰ˴򶨡
ڣʯ
ߵǳɽʱȴ룬Ů򶨲ңһֲ֮ϻ
δЦЦԭƳϣ֪ⷬν¡
漸˲֪Ц˻Ǻ⣬ʯأĿⲻ䣬ǻȻ֮ǰ񶾣˶нҩɽ⣬Ϸ򲻲ţȥӽⶾ
ǡ
¹ЦһΪʲôݣȥ㼸ӽⶾǿԼء
˵꣬ʯȻȥĿ⣺ʲôˣϷ˵죡
һɲǣ¹ʱɫһףܵشһ㣬ؿڲȥ
δһ죬Ȼؿʯ˿նϳɢȻͣҩɽ⣬ȴǲܹƳ
οԴ˵ĹҪƳ˵׾٣ϵĶȻѾˣȴԼȥⶾ޷ֻһԼɶѡ
δ빬ɡ
ʯɽһ˸֣Ȼ˵ҪϷԶ㡣
δɫ򶨣صնϳɢ֮ΪնϳɢΪ֮ܽƳ򳦴ãҲ޾ȣѹĸӣδ⿪һȥ죬ҿҲٽˣʬ޴档
˵δ빬ҪϷˡ
һɲǣʯɫȻʮʮֻ̣ĸͽܣȻڶϳѾʱƳ඾δɾʩ֮Խⶾ׽඾ȻҲֻҪûδԭ֮һѡ
˲˵ƳҪñֱӶ֡δɫݣɫʯ˵
ߣƲԳԷƣ
ʯһһ糯δץһ˲䣬δٻԣƶħ֮ڣʱɽ֡
⡭ʲô
ڵ߽һǻδ˿µϹޣϵħ֮ǸеޱȵѹϢ
ޣ
ʯĿһһʱ֮䣬δϳһͷϹԣֻһ̧һֲӿ˹ȥֱһ·ĵ棬ҲôƬƬѣԶɽʯһɲǱ顣
𡪡
巢һ֮ȫħ֮һ˲ȥǿʯһơ
ڵ߽¶ɫ⵽ʲôޣոƾմϳʱֿܵƳϵһƣ
ֻȫħ֮ڣ⸽ɽҲȾˣΨͷϣһƬۣȫ£ΨһһƬۣҲʧܵΨһ֤
ܹóǰһΣͷϳһƬۣǧѣȻǼ֮󣬿ȴ֪ΪΣͻȻʧˡ
һ˼ߣΪѴ׼ʥ۷壬ؽѣʥѳɶ֣ȴ֪ΪΣͻȻжˡ
𡪡
ħ֮ɽ֣ΪԵ͵ߣȻܲסħֻ֮ܲԶܿ
ʯһɫҲոΪֻһͷͨĻޣʱԷͷһƬۺ󣬷֪ԭһͷʧܵϹԣ
ѷɹΪξ죬ĺҲҪηûܹɹֻһƬۣҲǷֿܵ
һ̣ʯо˸˸һͷϹԣʵȻѲܹɹշĻ
뵽˴˿ԥһʮ׭˳ȥһ׭â󣬾һ˲ף
¡¡
ɽ֣ʱ֣һײ£̼㽫ɽսƬƬףʯ׭֮£ȥ
ΪȰʥ磬Է׭绽꣬ɱ֮Ѳʲô£һȴĿǰ޷ġ
ĹһЩ׼ʥ£ϾΪδһЩͨ죬޷ʩչ
ȥס
ʯĿ䣬Զߴȥһ˵ʱָһ׭Էȥ
Զ߻عԥһ˲ȥ¹Ͱ˼Ϯս׼⽣Ӱһϣ
ǡǲ籾ӣɡ
ϵһЦ䣬еѱһѺ缲˲ϢѴ̵δǰ˿Ľһ˿Ӧᣡ
ʱڻδ뿴⽣ٿҲˣӵʮر｣ֵһᡣ

һУѩ£ȴǻδ˲ˡѩʱ硱к⣬ʱ֡
ǽԼߣӽԳտ֮ɫкƣˮѽ͸һɾ֮
˽Ϊѩʱ硱֮ǰ£ŽãһȴԼԦк⺮⣬ƫƫδ֮壬޾彣к

죬һᣬپ飬еĺԷУЩַɳȥ
һ̣ͷһû뵽⿴ˮŮӣΪ֮ߣ˿¡
һ˲䣬Ժ뵽ˡȻζ
ͷעˣ
δн£һʴǽʱ⸽һнԶסˣǵҲ㺮ǡ
϶Ȼһţк˲ȣһӣ׭ɳʱһԵֵסǺ͸
ҳϲߣҪԹӵĻˡ
֮һЦһӣһ˲ʮ׭Щ׭ʱ㻯һֽż
ЩֽżȴѰֽżڵġ֮ӵżǿķʮ˵ãǽḽڻ֮ϣǸǿֲ


0966 
ʮֻᣬһ˲㽫δΧ⡰֮ݿ֮֮ȴǲͬ
֮Է׭͸аȣǵһ˱ḽʱֻñݷ֮ƣò䣬˼Ϊȴù
Ԫŵأһɾ֮ͨǿһʱŪĻ̻̣һ֮ͬ׹֮һ㣬ΪʶԼƣǱݡ
һ£ǵһɵܵ˷ƣǽǺεȿ£
ڵķ֪֮Ժˣȿ¹ʶڹ֮أɶʮּɵΪУҹﱻһϢԼǺεȿ£
˿̣һ˿֮ɫĿһڻδϣҲ¶аȵЦԷ֮סԼڲǡԣ
һ뵽˴аɫأʮֻֽżҲĲٿ֮£δ빥Ϯȥ

һߣ˶Ըڵߣʱδʱ˹
Ȼһʱʱֻϵ£Ϸȥ
СģҪЩֽż㣡
δ¹ȥһʱ¹֪Щʲô಻֪֮ȴ֪Щֽżʲô
ǧ
ֻϮ¹˲һԣ˫һӡʱһճǼֻһֽżϣ˿ӦҲޡ
ʲô
ԼĹûκãв΢΢һֽżһݾƣȴ˿޾Ĺ
ϸ֮£żֽżӡ˷ģ򵥻٣ȥĳ˵ĹϢǷЩõֽˡ
ʱϿ֮£ЩֽżپȻᶯ¶ЦһЦֱͷƤ顣
µ󣡡
֮ʱֻһֵֻ֪ķᣬȻȥδһնȥһŽǷЩ
ʱӦ˹һ˲ɵԣΧЩֽżСʵЩʲô

δΧķֽżȴ΢΢һ
ʧѵȻϰȹа֮
ȻϵóôȤ
ааһЦŶˣȻǴ¹췣ۣ֮溰£췣֮Ѿ࣬Ȼδȫȴ覲褡
ȥ
һȣָֻһʮֻᣬʱٴδ¹˺ХȥɽʱɷɷЦ֮ϣֱͷƤ顣
ʵϵķ֮ԣ֮ĩȻԷḽڻδϣҲֻǿп˵жԷܹѣʶ˿ơ
磬һֻᣬɿǧǵ֮ḽ֮ϣܹ˵Ϊһܽʶһͬƣ˸޷Ĵܹ֮˾֮ˣ֮١
ʱʮֻϮ¹ĹʧȥЧЩֻŽˣδȴȻ򶨣Զԡ
ֻǸڷϵķ̫ǿѰֶΣһЧҲûС
ģδҲüһھͺˣϵȻͨͨȴʮ
Ѱ棬޷ջ٣ǴںĻĻǷ֮𣬱ȻܹԸЩķᡣ
Сģ
ת˲䣬ʮֹϮһͷƤĹЦ֮һߣ˼δ¹Ҳߵķסˣһʱ֮޷鿪
壬ʱʯţħɷ췭ӿݡ
λҪˡ
ߣЦЦȴ֮ɫֻ˫ֲϽӡһֻֻᣬǱһ㣬жʮѸݣǳܿ죬ºͻδѴ·硣
УЩ޷ˣô졭
ɱƽ¹ЩңϴʱھͺˣԸССᣬкѣ
ʵ޷ԸЩᣬΪãΪٲãҲĹȹ֮һܵ͵ȥ
ֻЩᣬ漸λͨ׭һŵĳƣķ̫ǿοʱʮӦ
š
ʱ˿̣δȴɫ򶨣ΧķᣬȻֻѩʱ硱Žǰһָ£һһɺʱԽΪģٳӿɢ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ɫĺʱ֣ϵĻľһ˲һ㺮ǰУʮ˪֮£ٶȱû
⣡
һɲǣδú䣬£Ҳ˲һɫĺ˪֮ɽ֣̼׹˱ѩأԲʮһУһɲǱסˣͬʮڡ
ǿ
һһ̣·ؼҲŮӶӿƲ㷭ӿֹؼ˹ϡǿһ

¹Ҳ΢΢һԶʯ˲ܵǿһҲɵδ뿴ȥ
ֻתϢǾŮ٣ȫһ㻪֣ȻʯΪʶ㣬ʱҲɵðһ
һǿܣŮ˼Ůӣǿһ
ˡ
һ˲䣬ʯȻԸ֮࣬ʱһδǱߴȥͬʱ˲䣬δҲһһնȥ
һ˿أɣ֪ȻУҲܵ¡
һɲ֮ʣʯǵ˲Ϣ顱һ뻨δĽײʱøɽ־һ
Ǹеؿһƣɽ֮£ȥʵû뵽ǰŮӾǿסķᣬؼǿһ
һ̣ɫЩףɫҲҲ֮ǰǰ٬ʱ˿̣Ժ뵽ζ
ǰŮӣĿǰΪƺζر𣬵ȫǿʵζ֮¡
ζǿҲûµ˵澳ҲҲǿˣʲôˡ
һʱ֮䣬ϵɫԽԽˡ
ŮӶ벻򵥣ϣٳƬ̣ҽͷϹշ
ʱʯȻһͬʱһԪһ˲עڣʹΪʱһء


0967 ׷ѩ˪
һֻ̣еʦɴԪٻָ֮ǰĵĹʹԭĹһࡣ
е˼ĳ
ɫѸٻָ糣¶ЦЦɫδ뵭ǿأû㵲ˡ䣬һնȥ
ϺâۣԶԣƬ̣ȴʧȥ˷ᣬǲлδǰѿѩʱŽ
𡪡
ʱԶɽһ巢һֻȫ£Ѿһ׭סˣȴǲʯĹ
δǱһۣʱһƣʯ֮ԲΪ鲻һ屻ס֮ԼǴ˵Ķ֡
ϴһٴνڷӡ֮ͷųһΣȴԼֵ췣ˡ
ҪôֻʣСĺ««СķⷨԼߵͶǿ
ֻһֻ»鷳ĺ«һҲͰˣǵ֮ʣٶõڶΡ
˼֮ʣϺȻһϮɱģ¹˲˹һϴĽȴһ飬˱ΪͲͣʯԪ󣬹ǿˡ
£˺󡣡
һɲǣֻδеĽٴ͸һɳ֮²һ㡭
¹Ȼ֪δһܼϴ첼¸ʱѾĹ󣬶ոʩչ⣬˲ǽĻֻº᲻
ʱֻԶƲȻӿֹģһǿϢ¹΢΢һ̧ͷȥֻʮӰ߷˲Ϣ
ˡ
һ˲䣬¹ʱеǼʮȫڵĸ֣Ϊ׼⣬߰˸꣬Щ˿ȥΪͣͻȻô֡
ҪȻߡ
ԽԽˣ¹׸еûϣˣ֪ڻô֣Ҳûδգںˣ
С
δĿʯҪסҲʩչЩȥԮ
Ƴϣ
ܿ죬Զļʮڸ⸽ǰƳϽһİɾԣ˾΢΢һĪĻޣǿ󡭡
ȥŮ£
ʯԣЩ˴ȥһʮյҲԥһ˲䳯߷˹
һӶô֣¹Ȼɫɷףô죿ѵＸʮ
Ǽʮһ̣ȫ˷У¹ϸһ±üѿ˲˲Ϣ令˻δǰߣ
ҹӰ棬Щѽ֮⣬˿ȻƴһҲҪδ뿪
Щˣȫ£
һԣһȣǼʮʱƺƴ춯أԲʮɽҲȻҹӰǿεֵסˮһĹƣ
Σһ̣ԶȻһ䵭Ҳһλ׼ʥȴڴΪѼŮӣ˵ȥδʧʣ硭ñаɡ
ʱͷ·˵֮⣬֮ңɼȴڸ˶Ȼٶȼ죬ǧﴫ죡
˭
һǼʮ˽һȷӦֻоһɽѳԼӿʱϢȫң̸˹˲ϲһ㣬󵹷˳ȥ
ˣ
¹϶ʱһϲһ̣£ȴסˣҲص¡
ֻӰ˲Ϣ⸽Ƽǰ׷ӣʯĿһԣֱһӿ˹ȥ
һǼʮ˼ǿδʱµȻеһϢ
ٿȴȻɫģһ̧ľһ˲ʩչصҶ۳һӰʱ֮죡
䣡
˵ײʱɽѣݾ֮´ƬƬѿľһ˲仯촷ۣ̳𡭡
һĻʮ˶ˣýЩҲͬΧĲľһ˲ˡ
뵽˴˲һæԶ֮ȥǿ֮սܲ롣
пХֹʯϺˮ̩ɽһȣȻ
һ̣˵Ĺڲ֮䣬
ԶǼʮ˽Դסˣһͷסİ׷Ȼֻ뵽˸֣׷ѩ˪
ǣ֮


0968 
˵ȥһɲǣƲ㷭ӿֹɽΪ𣬽ӷڡ
ԶǼʮ˾еϢѣδйǿҵѹȸУ·ֻҪԿһ㣬Ҫ˵˺÷顣
ľ֮࣬ȴƳ֮أɽ˭Ҳ˹һ
ֻƳϵΪΣڵޱȣǰ֮ȥᣬҲһ˲˼Ĺ
˿ֻ̣һͷ׷֮УҲ͸żֹº¹в΢΢һϵϢƺǿ࡭
ȴһ˲ܵˣһͻ֮ʱǰȥ·ɣϵķѾȥˣҲȶ󶯹֮ǰˡ
ʱɽ֣粻ЪʯɣľʯĿڶǸ׷ϣǴ֮е֮Ĺôܣ
˵Ϊ磬ȥƺֻжڣδʥĹᾹԼ£
Īǡ
һ˲䣬ʯв΢΢һΪľ磬һиӦʱ˿̣ܹԼԼоǰˣƺԼ⾳
Ѱ֮ˣǸ⾳ѭﴺɱܶʼ⾳
һ;У޷⾳Ϊֹ֮ϣͻƣʶ֮֮һ
ǰˡ
һ̣ʯĪԼ⾳֮䣬һֲ⾳ϲޱ
Ȼڳ棬ҲֻܹܵóһַƳ֮⾳һ
һֻ̣һ˻ͬ˲ջͬʱҲ˻
ԭΪ˵𵴲ݵɽ֣һҲͻȻͣţҶ޺ۡ
˫ĬţǱߵļʮˣ˿̶ǸеЩ𺳣ղһĻ˵ȥм˻ţ
ЩڹǱǿʵ±߲ɣڵˣȻҲЩĿˣɾڸոգǸܵһɼǿвŴʮ졣
ʯ˫΢һĿƬ֮󣬲ſڵ˵֮ᣬΪȴɲ⣬һ鴫
ʱҲصƳ׷ɱˣֻ뱾˵Щ֮ɡ
ŴһȥһαýǼʮһ̶ƽк˸̫˵
ǻһ㣬ǰ׷ˣ֮ͨˣ֮֮£ʮ֮ʿ
ʯһһ仯ʼգ϶ûκα仯
һʯֿ˵Զڹ֮أǾˮˮҲκ϶񽣹һ£ҵҲǹ⡭
ȵȡ
δ˵֮ʱ΢΢̧̧֣˵ȥǰ֮£˽֪񽣹汾׽һֻβǴͨ谭ǰǣߺûãھȥ񽣹ȣƳϳˮˮ
ŴԣʯҲü˿˵ٶ඼ǽڣ˭ǰڹ죿ֻǵʱ񽣹ֵʱ򣬲û뵽ɣ
֪˼ˣĿڳⲻǹģΪ꺢ͯúŪô
˿̣ʯüԽԽֵֻ첻澳ڹ֮أ֮£òܰɣ
ǰһһһصĺ֮⣬֮ڣ£û졭ܲõġ
Ŵһոһ±ñ˪Ǳ߼ʮˣһ̶ס˺Ҳ˵¸ҹȫ죬ĪǱǿ

ʱһЦֻͷһЦҡȣЦһĺ֮⣬֮ڣ˵⻰Ͳͷĳǵòʮǰûʲô첻ģҪ֮£ҿҲǵܰɣȴǸʲôҲѧ˼ҹ֮£Īǻ֮
紵ȴֻϵĴЦ֮޼ɵػصڿտɽ⼸ʮ˶Ϣעһ
ҲδȥһۣĿȻʯϣص񽣹ȵˣա㣬һΣ񽣹˶ˣ˶ٵڣһҲ١
һ˲һ㺮˪Ǽʮˣж΢΢һ
ʯϣҲһ˪ɫӱѿЩͳ䣺Ϸ򣬾͵Сѵ졭
Ŀұȥϵϡ
һɲǣԭȻĿ⣬һ±ø⺮ʹһߵʮˣһҲǵںһ䡣
ô
ʱ׹Ԩϴʱȥȴɫ䣬أҡΣǣΡ


0969 ڵ
ʱϣգȡ
ֻ䣬һ̣Ǽʮ˶ĪеһʶԱƣȥֱ罣һһ̣û˾仰˵Ц
ȻȴϵһЦҡΣҵ˿̾ҵϣھȡαٵա
Ŵԣ˽һеУҲ͸ɱ˵ĺ⣬һɱ˲еı֮ɢ˳ȥ
ȴȥˣתߡ
һȥһΣȴ˸׷ɱȥ¹һߣһ߻ͷһۣԱʦڣһٴζ
ǡ
һЦȻҡȣıӰ˵ʦҲһٴ˰ɣ
ȻˣٴһЦֵŶˣ֪λΣڿܹ´·ˣϣʧ룬һʹɡ
һ̣ͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷһ˲̶һ㺮䣺ʹʮ
ôҵ
һЦһӣһ˽ԶȥıӰҡ
ֺļʮڸ֣ʱףΪ϶Ҫȥŭˣ̫ϻһʱȴվһ
ˣǽɣ¶ɾֻ붯ָ̼ڹ
ʦˡ
ֱúһѾߵûӰϷ߹ʦǱ߷Сѵ

ʯ΢΢ףջĿ⣬תߵ˿һۣ˵Ȼȥɡ
ǡ
ʮ˹˹֣ٶԣͬǰڣʱʱķȥˣܿѲӰ
֮ʯתϴʱȴЩ⣬üʵղʦΪβֱӻɱˣһҲʡպ鷳ˣ˵ΪԶʦֻǴ˵飬ԹűѰ֮࣬ʦ

˵ȥʯҡͷˣһһȥķ򣬻֮ǰһĻʱȻһ֡η֮ɫԷܹڹͥƾģ;ֻǴ˵顣
ҵΪ磬Ҫɱһ
ʯһȥķһĿԶƳղܹɱĻѣƴĹҲһҪԷɱ󻼣һˣԣڶԣǿµĴڡ
µľֻǴᣬһΪһ˫񣬱Ҫֻһеʵв
ܾǰһ˵˵ĳƧ֮أһׯ˶ԴΪĳһ죬һȥԣѰһѣɱĸǺСǣȴˡ
ûȥ׷ɱͷǣҲ£һһδʱȴֵط֣Сһͷҧˣͷ׹ĿǣһǰǷߵģͷ˵Ĺǡ
˿̣ʯղʱǵ񣬾ͷ·ǹǵƱҪֻһС
ʦҲûаջɱô
һԣϵüͷøˣȫ֪ʦʱ룬ֻôʦΪһҲɱˡ
ϡ
ʱʯ˹ɫʮأɫҪȥǴˣʱ䣬ҲҪ
ôˣ
ʦʱһصӣ˵Цϵɫһ±
ʯҡҡͷ̾˵Щʦֵ£ԽԽ׽͸ʱǱ˸һꡭ
˵˴̾ҡͷ֪첻ǣҲ֪ΣΪƫƫҪȥ񽣹ȣҪҸӦļʦܳˣæϳһɱ񽣹ûһܻ
ŴԣϸüЩʺΪ֮ͬУҲǲˣһһǳөԡ
һҵǾʦûдҪ˵ΪУҲΪУʮ˼ң˭˲֪֮£һȴ֣е£ʲô£ο
˴ͣһ˵ο洫ţǵǸ֮ӣҲҪҸǲĪһ·֮ˣȻˣ澳û˿кοɾ壿ҵʦ綼׷ɱãĪǵڣһ
סڣ
Ȼ֮䣬ʯɫ䣬һȣҲһæعɫʦһګګʦôˡ
㡭㡭
ֻʯĹˣһϾ¶˴δйĻ֮ɫ·ںʲôһ
ϴδʦʱֵɫЩֿ̻֣̿СʵʦôˣѵЩ¾ģ׷ɱ
ұ죡
ʯɫѶһָ֣ڲϵزţɫҲȻɷףЩǴӺδģ˭ġ˵
ҡ
ϱʦʱģ̬ˣʱ򣬲ʲôʦ㼲ɫξôˡ
㡭˵ǲ˵
ʯһ̧øˣŵòᣬæǣһΣʦȥȡҩȥʱ򣬵ˣȥˣȴںҡһʱ棬ͣͿʦξ
˵ʲô
ŴԣʯǴ󾪣Щ飬ԼȻ˿֪飬ʦֵΪ֮ʱ˿ξôܲ£ȴδԼ˵ô£ʦʲô
Ȼ䣬ʯȫ˸飬̻عϵ㣡£ûи˵
ʦȿģ֪ԼһǿʲôÿĶæҡͷûûС
ˡ
ŴԣʯԷǸҳȥ䣬ΪʦҲ㡭
ǣס
΢΢һδ֪أʱ̧ͷСʵʦѵʦǡ
סڣ²ʣ
ʯһۣϲһټȥˣһʯʵ㣬ʦֵξǻʲô
롭
ϵͷһźȻ̧ͷˣʦξһˡ
һˣʲôˣ
ʯոշɵɫһ̣˵ʦξ￴һˣʱֱý
Ҳ֪ʲôˣʱֻҴҿһۣһɫۣȫں֮£Ҹо˵ĵǳߡ
ǳߣۡ
ʯüһʦֵξһֵغˣ
˻˭ΪʦִδԼǳߣ澳Щ˵ǳߣ˭ĵߡ
ãʯعϿһۣȸһȥ飬㲻κ˵ûУ
ܣס
ϵͷ˫ȣҶʣҲҶԣƬ֮ʦͽ˵Ӱʧ־ͷ

ĺɫĺϣһȥһ·Ĭ˼ʲôԱ߻δ¼״ȻҲȥ
һżͣ½ŲǰĺȽȽ˵δ룬㷢ڡʲôûУ
ԣδҲһ̧ͷ˵ˣЩŹ֣ʱ𣬱Ҳ𣿡


0970 ˫ʥټ
ҹĻᴹµɽ룬ţʱҲͣǰҲȥڣֻ֪صһǿزɣϸȴв
һ̣δ˶һ¹ſڵ񽣹ȣȥֻص£ʵϣ죬ֻ񽣹ȵĻֺʯ׼ʥ˿ĻѱǵڶĿģǳ϶
˵˴ͻδ˶ȥ¹˴ʱԼ˹æҡֵңֻһ˵ѣϣص桭

δҡҡͷ˵㷽˵ҿ˾ŲʮˣڵĿģֻ񽣹ȵĻʯĸ֣ȻˣĿģ졣
˴δֻعͷһΣˣҪȥμ˫ĻҲ˴ӡ

΢΢ͷ괴ʱϵ˽ǿлŵľ棬ԪŵأֻѶ£һܹӸдķΪףҲǱȻ
Ȳ˵Ԫ򣬹澳棬Ǳһϣֶһصڣ֪ջʲôǿں档
˵ЩȻ࣬ȴҲʶ˲ˣؼң֮ĺӵˣҪģǸʵɲǡ
ڻȪȳֵǸ롱ʱҲ˵һָоǶԷԼʱ񣬾ǿŹһ
һɲǣȻһָоǽ¶ݲԼˣԼܹȥĵطһǡ

һͣԭأҹĻᴹµ֣ȥֶ˼ֻ谵˺һعǰ˼˵ڣز򵥣ʱգȥһ£ڣȻ졣
ǡ
˹֣ʵ񽣹ǱߡΣ
û˵δǰȵڵ˵ִ񽣹֮ǰﳤŴ󲿷ˣֻ˴Ŷʮע⣬˰ȫ롣
ô
ǰҹĻֵɽ֣Ժﲻ죬ӳѩžβݸǸʱ򣬹ӳѩ뵽һ֣֮Ѿ֮ɡ
ߵһ죬񽣹ȴͨһɽʹЩ񽣹Ȳ˥ۻΪͿɱ񽣹ȰǣǴˣţҲ㲻һؽ١
˵񽣹޷һؽѣһΣǷйأ
ЩΣȥ񽣹ȣҲڲ񽣹նɱ˵ףҲ
δʱü˵ˣ֪룬˵ЩעˣվܸģⲻĴ
һǰȥ˽֪֮£ܼȴ֪ΪΪ֮
δ뿴ǰȥӰһ㶣ʱһһ˿˵ģ񽣹һ¡
ܿ죬ӰѾʧֵһͷδһ£ʱ뵽ʲôδ밡δ룬˺ͿЩΪ̤ǧɽˮѰ֮ȴǰ˵ʲôЩעˣվܸġ
һ仰ǱһҪܣ
뵽˴δ׷˳ȥ⣬ֽסˣæ˵Ҹղ˵Щǡ
δ˵꣬תܶ飬֪ΪΪ֮㵱һ࣬ʱ²Ϊ
ӡ
һɲǣδ˶סˣ˫ۣ·ֻص˵꣬Ǹʵ񣬾ڸղһ˲䣬ȻˣԭԼУôҪϧΪС
紵ԣа㸡δ۾ȻЩģЩһֱΪΪһЩ飬˽ԶˣһΣţҪ¶֪ˣȴֻܴȻѯʳ
һ⣬̼ǵͫҲǸӰˣǸĻµꡣ
Ҳǵãʶ֮ʱѳɱɵˣһҪԵлƾɵ˴ãȴţȾ˵ѪĻǣǰʶǸ𡭡
ǸʱԽԽ䣬ڵĺĺ䣬ĺ䡣
ʱ֮䣬ͷ·һεڸոգոһ˲䣬δȻ֣ԭǴǰ
䣬飬ҲǶ䣬ˣΨԼԼûбʼջǵǸǸһһԼšǸԼѩ֮۵
Լûб˵ˣԼ
Բ𡭡
һɲǣδǱʲôݺһ£ļϣֻ۾ġ
ᴵ˵ԣ֪˶ãﴫ¹Ͱ˵ĽŲδɿ˲۾¿Ц
ҹʱһ˲Żص죬·֮ϣģԼϰҽ飬Ѿ˯ˡ
˸Ǳӣתȥ֮ʣԺ˹𡭡
΢˻ȥֻȻ˫ۣ䳤Ľëţԭ˵λ
뵽һȫȥ˫֣һԵʹûִҹӰ룬ҲͲˡ
˯𣿡
棬Ȼ˽תˣ˵ͷѾȶϲ̫ġ
˹˯ŵ𰣬˫ü΢˵˫Ǳǿģǿϣ˵ָЩף㽫˺ˣҲ
˴ټ˵ȥˣֻ̾Щټ̾벻ΪԼ˶̾
һ̧ͷŰҵʮǰ澳ʧλҽʥҩʥ˳ֵĻټ溵ྭпȫָ
˵˴ͣһתȥοҹ۽δ붯֮Ǻз֮󣬹ѪЧһαһȫûˡ
תŰǳȥ̽ҽʥҩʥ˵ټ֣
Ŵԣüʮǰʮʥ澳ʧ٣ӴѶҪҵ̸ףγҹӰˣҲֻҵһصѡ
ʱ飬֪˴ҹӰȥȻֻ֣вȷ񽣹һ¶ˡ
ãع˵⴫ϢһСĵطһλҽ֮ˣ˳ơƴҽɡ֪Ƿǵʧġҽʥˮ̡
ƴҽɡ
ü΢΢һҽʥˮ̣ҩʥۣʥطƣ֪˹ϵǳ֪ξѣƺǶʥطƼһ֯
˴˶٣̧ͷһʱɫּʥطֲ׷ɱ磬ձɱԺҽʥˮ̺ҩʥ۶ˣҲûκѶ
ʥطƲû
˵ڵһ£ϵ˼ǡ
Ŀ΢΢һŴޱҹɫ˵ˣֻͷ˶ѡ
뵱룬Ҳ֪ΪΣܹ϶ĺĶʥطƣڸǸˣֻǸѡĶʥطƣĺԼ֪ʥطѾˣӴҲû˶ʥطơ
ֻЩΪҪԼݣָܵʹȥ׷ɱףΪҪ׷ɱףԡ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôɫ쳣Űո˵ʥطƣһ֯


0971 
ϴʱ֣صɫعͷµ֪궾ʥطƣһ֯ʮʥ棬ֹطƣҲмն֯֯ʲôʱδܲ鵽
֮üøˣ˿ʮʥвٶ֯׷ɱ׵ǼȻ֯ˡ
Ǹأ
길ʮʥ֯Ȼ˸ףǷҲ֯
뵽˴Ȼ׹̶ĸоֻеϮԪħѱ棬ĺ˻죬澳ͬѲ⣬ӿ
ǣ˵Ŀģ־ʲô
һɲǣȻһָоҲԼĳͲ򵥣񵱳ʱعԣԼһ콵󣬽ҹ˰硭
ϡڴΣСʵ
ع˵ȥ
ǡ
ԥһ̧ͷδȫȷλҽɣǷǵλҽʥ
Ҫ֪֮ǳΨɺӣ֪˵գ𽣬ֵȥȥһ£Ǹڡ
ǡ
𽹰˹֣ٶԣ΢΢ף˯𰿴һۣȥ֮ʱȻӦһ˿ϢϢǿӡ
ôˣɫ䣬Сʵ
û˵нµöȡ˳һֻ̣˸ֹ΢΢һǿǰ
죬̫˾ϮǿƴֵƲ룬˿̣ɫʱǰΣա

˫ü΢棬ƴԼ赲̫˾Ĺץߣнꡣ
ɱȻ̿ʣ˵̫Žɴ󷨡ֻؽ
գȻ˸ĪˣѵǸʦ˻֮һڤףڤ
һ̣üͷøˣҲͰˣڤĻǾʹ²ˡ
ڤѾλʥǿߣԼĿǰΪȥĻ졣
һֹͣ˸عСϴ㡭ô죿
ĻüЩһһΣоܵ꣬δ뽫ӴӷӡȳɸûģҲѻˡ
Ƿӣһ̫˾ϮԭԶ룬Ϊ˱Լ溣ƴ˻ᱻߣһ£ҲΪ˱Լ˳ͻΪűơ
ڣԼֻѣȴΪ
һģڻǵÿӱʱԼĻĺ˻ķͬСɣǰ˻ĵ澳ȥ磬ԼΪóȻǰȥһУܾȿӵˣҲûˡ
ǿǰ𡭡
ʱȻһ΢ȴǶ˵˵𰳳ˣ˹ȥᰴֱۣеΣ
ңû¡
ҡҡͷּһԵƣСʵϣǲǿǰˡ
ü˿˵𰣬ʱκ¶õģ𽣬ҳ˵գתȥˡ
棬Ǳ߷һۣ˸ƣ뿪˹·塣
صϣתܷٷֳĸ
ҹӰֻжʮˣҪֳһЩȥѰ֮һЩȥ鵱ˣʣһЩҪȥڣԼѰҽʥҩʥ˸𰣬ǲˡ
֪⣬˵ͷܡ
á
תԶĺҹ˵ĸˣȥɱžжҪ¶١
𽹰˹֣ȥ졣

ף˫ָ΢΢תͷ˵סҲȥˣҪݾߡ
ס
˵ͷ֪һֻȥ̽ӱںδԼǷ񰲺ãǾˣĿǰʵǶʮһжҲԴ˾ȳ
ȥɡ
һתͷӱץߵķָԽԽϼһһҪסһġ

ʱȻһƺߣɫɷףüк֣𽻹δ߶Զʱ춯۷˻ϣ

ȥʱֻħɷ͸ָ󣬶ϣһ糤ĺ֣Ȼʬħˡ
һ˲䣬ԥʶڵĺָһ˳󼲻£ڽʬħѹȥ
ϡ
ղǿһĻЩδҡҡͷȻÿ˵ˣʬħÿһΣȻ᳤һ֡
ŴԣüãŵҪȻλ´ȥɣϾ졭

˵꣬ҡͷˣҽʥҩʥʲôˣȻҵˣܹ붯ģ
⡭
΢΢һ㶣ղһû⣬ʮʥǼĴڣʮʥߣȻͬѰ׼ʥοҽʥҩʥλ
ƾǣȷʵ޷붯λΨԳ棬һ߻ᡭ


0972 ҽ
ҹɫҹĻµ죬һžƺϣи󷢳΢⴫֮ƺǱߵһϢ
ãعǰڳ˼ʲôСʵǴ¡Ҫ֪δ빬𣿡
ǰ˼δ빬ķ˵֪ҪȥأҪһ𡣡
ϴΣ
𽿴Сʵ
һͬȥҲá
ת˵ͷ˵
һ˼ܹʥٺòԶʥݣԳ棬Ҳδö
δ빬˵ܹöʵ벻ĻҲ˿δ빬ϵĺˣҲǺõġ
˿̣Ȼü΢ֿʵϿǻʲôǣ
ҡҡͷһŵ뾡죬Ҵո˵Ǹ֯Ʋ⣬ǿʮʥȫˡ
Ŵԣü΢΢һСϵ˼Ҳпȥҽʥҩʥλ
ųֿܣǡ뵱죬ǰͷҵҽʥҩʥλҵĻǲκλᡣ
ˡ
˵ͷֵ£ϴɷģ¶ɣҽʥҩʥǱߣҹӰҲ顣
ãȥɡ
΢΢ף뿪Ӱعͷ⣬ޱ߳ҹɫ
ڣ֣ʵǿĲ棬ҲԽԽˡ
ֻһССӵʱĵ֣Ҳǲطɷ磬ҹЩ˰ˡ
ܹΪ˵ˣٻȥ֮ʱЩĵֻ֣ܶ
ǿ֮·ɡ
һ·ע̫ƽ˳Ҫô£Ҫôһ·նȶٻعͷʱŻ֣ᷢЩյǿУѲʲôĵˣȴԼ
ߣ׷ĵ·ϣʧңǱ㽫֣ȫħħȻһɲɷħҲǼԸħ
׻ţǷ񡭡ҲѾʧҡ
һ̧̣ͷҹգģǺ嫵棬ǱĲ񷣬һºĵ·ߣ˭ʧԭԡ
ȻԼЩɱ˻ô
һ۾߷·ʦĽ̻壺סұ֮ˣ²ΪףΪΡ
Ǵ˿̣һۣпȴɱ¾ǵ̨˶Ҫɱδ롣
ħ֮£طҲҪɱһ
ȻԩϴˢȴǲϷŹ
ɱһǧҲŹһ
ǲݵȴƫƫݲһ
ʦе²ҪҲգ
ΪΪħѲ⣬ħħ
һɲǣжһɺɱ˳ȥȻҹҲһ±˪
ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һ˫֣Ӻᱧס
һɲǣľˮĵ㣬ڴã֮У˻
δ롭
ת¹֮£ʱϵɱ˿ע£ɢȥˡ
֮£ҲϵʬħЩʱħ֮ÿÿֻҪǰŮӣģܿƽ
Ҳ䣬ֻҪǰŮһ֣ԭᡣ
»֮£ǧ׷Ⱦ˪һ㣬δָ˳ͷ׷£صԸһ¶׷㣬ġ
δ롭
ḧӣ¹֮£˾ӵ

ڶգһУҲĸǰɱžǱߣ֮һƬɳĮ󿪣ҹӰҪԽƬɳĮֻСһЩҲʲô¡
Ц歷˴Ȼ뵣ʲôĸɣʱȻڸ֮䣬Ҳ·
ӽʱͻδȥˣ澳ĵΣڣϤյͼָҵˡ
Ũ껨лɽˮƣȷһ˼ʤء
ֻ˵󲻴󣬵ҲСɽ࣬ҪҵλġƴҽɡڣҲһ¡
һգͻδѾڣѣдֻɽԳ֮ϡ
Ҳ۶£ÿһطѯʴʱ䣬ڴطһΪˮƹȡһطΪ¡
˵֪ɺϻżȻˮƹеҽɣ뵱ҽʥˮ̼ƣλϲ˶ĵߣǵҩʥˡ
Ƿ²⣬ֻȥ˷ֻ֪ˮƹȺȻͬڣȴ಻һȥһصĻҪʱ䡣
ɽ񳿵ʱҹӰǱߴϢ˵Ƿ֮Ҳˣ룬Ҳǳҽʥҩʥλпˡ
ͻδˣץʱ䣬Щ֮ҵҽʥҩʥ
ʱĺɫδߵɽһۣ˵ҪȻȥ£ȥˮƹȣΣ
¿ֻзֿж죬屣ڻδߣҲ̫ǣǰֳ飬ǶܲҲԶڹ֮ص֪ˣǰɣ
á
˵ͷֵڼСģκ£ѶҼɡ
ģµġ
δһЦָһɽǰֿ㣬ǵ÷ǧ򲻿ɺ
˵գ˱㼴ֿδǱȥˣˮƹǱȥˡ
ڶ峿ʱҵˮƹڣԶԶȥֻк̣ӳƣϷȻƬƬޣаּ䣬˲ɾһȻ
˾ɹȣȴ֮٣ϴ˹棬棬ѰһطӣǷˡ
һ̣иӿ϶ˣˮƹȵˣǵʧλҽʥˮˡ
ȿ֮ͣ˽ŲóȻ߽ȥδԵͻе죬ĳǰݻᣬ֪ǰڣ
УȴκλʱвŴһԵȻŮǿѰҽ¸ա
ˣ΢˿˵Ǽҽһ£ûˣο²ҽ
Ƭֵ̺ȷѰҽȥա
ѰҽȴиΪҪһ£ˡˡһ˵꣬ҲܹǷͬˣֱȥ
ݣ
֮ʱٶȿ磬ʶһ˲䣬չɲ㿪ˡ


0973 ˮ
ǰһݹֲˡ
ٴδǸȻŮ룬֮ˣƴҽ𣿻ƴҽɵĵӣ
£ҲôˣȻòҵˮƹȣҲһ£ת㬶飬Ҳ̫û˼ˡ
£ǹŮչжȥʱŷԭв󷨣һƺв֮У
˹ȽƣһǿһأȰһ䣬ȥˣҿɲܡ
ٴδŮӵȻȴȥܿΧĽƹЩȻҲѲ
ԼһѴؽƣɽ棬ֻһ£һͥԺԺǰС䡣
˹֮һ˵ڵĺȣҲ㣬ˣƴҽˡ
߽һЩ紵Ժҩ㣬ֻСͥԺ棬վһŮӣֻǱϻǧȴ֪òǷǲա
ȥȴƫҪ֪ŹЩƣһڱһˡ
ŮȻһߵ˵ţһʯ̨ϵҩݡ
˿µһ򲻴λƴҽɣ
ŴԣŮͣ΢΢תͷʲô
ʱſգȻŻǧȴŮĪǰŮǵʧҽʥˮ̣
֮ǰҽʥྶͥˣеҽʥӦһƵţȴ룬һ˫Ů
ܿ죬㷴Ӧ֮˵ò緲ǰ˥ϵÿ죬ǰλҽɣȻͬʦ޳ٹǧ꣬Ҳ˥ϡ
յüҽʥǰݣˡ·ͻˡ
˹֣ǰλǵ븸ʮʥ֮һοϾͨҽ֮ˣ֮٣ҽʥҩʥλ⼸˸ҪΪ֪
ҽʥҽʥ֣ҿɲҵ
ˮתȥʯ̨ϵҩݣֵСӣո˵һ򲻴ȴӣʱһֱȥô
Ŵԣɫ΢΢һѰ֮ˣῴԼڵɣȻô̶һһ۾Ϳˡ
һ̣Ƕ϶ǰˣǵλҽʥ˵ȷʵǺãҽʥǰƾȴʵһ۾Ϳӣ
ˣ˵ӣָٲȥҾɱ㡣һɲǣˮתͷǱ˪˵Ц
Ŀ⣬ϣƿֺҲͬ˵Ϊҽʥֻɱˡ
ԡ
ˮ̵񣬱øӺˣĿ⣬ɲܲ˵ǰڳˣʮڴˣݻòֻǲ֪ǰڴʮ֪꣬棬Ѿ˷츲صı仯񡭡
˵˴ͣһż˵ҪҽʥǰģֻһˣǰڴˣҲӦȻܹҵôܿ죬ҲбѰ
һ̣ͥԺȻʮְֻзᴵҶˮǰˣĬҲĿһ
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˴ˮ̶ʱһ㻹֪Щʲô
ɫɲ䣬˵һ֪ҽʥҩʥʥλͬ㣬ֻ֪ȴʥĳλӴİ·
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0974 
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Ŵʱˮ̣һãֵǰӦѾ֪˭˰ɡ
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⴦ɽȣ֮ǰʱ֣ⷢҹ۴˹棬ǧ겻˥ʺڴ˴Ҳ㡭

һȥɽһߣȻ֪ˮΪִⲻ뿪Ҳ뿪һָоȻܹҵôܿ죬ǸҲ
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ǰһ֮ģԾ֮ɱˣҷǹ֮󣬶Ҫɱ֮ˣ롭𣿡
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͸ǿϢˮüһøˣʼնδʱתȥɽķ򣬵ˡˣȥɱˣ


0975 ͻΧ
ϢԽԽ̼䣬Уˮ˫üȴʮϢķǺˡ
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˵Ŀ⣬ҲһϣǺ˳Ŷ֪Ǻˡ
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˵ûȥۣˮ̣ĪǵΪܹһ𣿡
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0976 ۹½
˿̣˫ڰдԽԽңΧɽ¡¡ֱ죬׼ʥΪɱǣ𽥵ģһʼǰ㾯衣
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0977 ҩʥ
ǰ֪䣬
һ߻˵ţһĦŵ۹½ĽŴӽ֮Уĵº֮⡣

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ŮһЦһȡһöӣˮָ£Цǰ
ָ֣ôȿȡ
߿һ룬һ߹˼ţԽ֣֮ôԽһֵĸоڰ״֮䣬ῴǷдһ䡱ְ
⣬⣬⡭
ſһӣͲԷģһԼ·סˣ岻ˣȻǱ֮֡
ۣ
ŮһЦֵҪȻոһǰɣҲں˵ģ㲻㡭
ԶԶԣ㲻㡭ޣʲô㣿ңʥʥѣλ壿СѾͷδҲ̫Сʥˡ
һǵͨ죬ŮϸЦ紺ˣ壬ǰѾˣ־ӮˣҲǰ䣬Լǰ˰ɡ
ߡԲԡ
ֻߺһӲ˵죬Ƿ˵ʤʤŶԣȿȣȿȡ
ŮԶۼ磬عͷ˵壬ǰһһҹһ֣ҪˣҵģʱЩˣǰͶ߲ҪȻǰȥ죬ԺδǰΣ
ȴҩʥۣ龫ֵŮȻǻδˡ
ڲ۳˼ɻ֮ʣȻԶһǿϢδʱˣɣǹȻˡ
Ҳ̻عԶȥӿ֮䣬ʮӰΪһˣȻ׼ʥΪ
ҩʥۣô겻պƷ滹һġ
ʱһʱһСˣǸˡ


0978 ɱ
Щ죬ϣȴɫģԶʣһԽԽӰϷ˶ģθɣ
ҿƺССѾͷҲĶְ
ʮӰڽˣΪ׵ˣһ£ϿȥЩȻϵòۡ
ЩˣҲ߲ƣδ볯ԵҩʥһۣСǰЩߣںˣˣ߲ˡ
ȿȣ
۹һ򶨵ӣߵԣСѾͷ㿴ûУǸ·ġ
ϻҵȻˡ
δСһ䣬ôˣܿǺһüһɫӡǣΪǼ
С˽£иͬ飬񷣬¿ֻһˣ񷲢ûǲ˵Ļҿܾ߲ˡ
أ
δһۣܸоǰҩʥЩס
ȿȡ
ۿһ˵ҵȻҩ԰ЩҩСڳôˡѾͷ󷨵ֵƬ̣Ժһ˵꣬һ̲Ӱ
ҩʥǰ
δ볯ߵķմͷ̾ȻǸ׵ϼһ
֮ǰеҩʥȻǸɷǵɣҩܣû뵽ȴһͷˣ˶Էز¶Ϣ׼ΪҴˡ
λҩʥۣ֪Ǻιϵ
ʱ洫Ǻӵ󣬻ŲˣЩ˵Ϊδ׼ʥҲˡ
δܿ˿ֻ󷨣΢΢͸Щâ뻹󷨣ֻµӦЩˡ
ֿЩˣĿǸϣղŲ˵ˣк£һΪ֮ߣҪӲĻԼһ˱ȻĶ֣ʱ䡣
˼ˣֻҩʥǰոŵĵӣȴǺˣ
ô
Ŀϣ֪ҩʥյӣһҩı£ҲӲ⴫һ˵
δǰѧϰģҩһ֮
Ŷ˵գҲضǲˣһ֣Ρ
µ˵ţ䣬ֻһӣһɫ˲˹֮ʱ֮ϣȻһĻ顱һ´һ赲סˡ
һĻȻµĽƷˣǲ۽ɽ£ʶ׼ʥΪһʱƬ̣ҪƳҲһ
´ʱƺ󣬶Ǽָ⣬һ̼䣬ǹĻ֮һԴֱߣǽ󷨣һ޴̡
̵γɣһ֮ҲδֻеЩڲֹǿ
֪һǼ򵥵һѣĵͬʱҪƴ˴˹ܣƣһƣԼӴơ
ΣҲ˶ϣԸղţ˵Լҩʥĵӡ
˿ֻҩʥǰĵӣҪһ壬Եҩʥǰ¶ģһ֣δЩʧҿ磬øһˣһְɡ
ԡ
һ˵꣬ʮ˿ȥǼʮˣ˶֮ͨһżһµİ׷˳˵ңһɡ
һ˵ţһδ뱧˱ȭƺӣ֪λγƺ
δ롣δͬ˱ȭ
á
ƺ˵գһ̧Ҫӣδȴæһ죬˵ȳǰһǰǰǷӦһӣ
֪֮УֻһƣƺԥƬ̣֪˾ַСһʱò⣬ĺ¿ȥֻ˫ַ񵭵ֻ˵ͷ
ƺعͷδɹһš
á
δһЦȻһ̧ԱһϣֻһڣҲһ̣ڰסӡЩһ޴ʯ̶ɣȻʺ⡰Ļ̡ˡ
ڻδ£һöӡٿȻ˹顱һ˹Ļ֮ϡ
Ӻ󣬶ƺȴһֻδ֮ȷ½ǵġƽλҲ½ǵġλȻĵġԪһλ
Ԫ˷һ֮ûκԣδϴЦݲȣһʱ䣬ƺӲ⣬˼һڡߡλһöӡ
δ뵭һЦɫгһִ̧Զһöӣ顱һˡƽλ棬ȴƺӵġߡλԡ
Լһ£ƺһʱ⣬˼Ƭֻ֮ٴӣȻδδÿһŽͬΨԪλϣռһӣȻʱò󣬵ȴŶƺӣ䲻ӡ
Լһʱ֮Ǻڰ״䣬Ȼϸÿһ壬߽һ£ȥηֵʤʤѷ֣
Ǳʱ˲˵˼ôߣҲôߣ壬Ҫµʱݣ
δȻЦŶƺӣЦȻǰߵãҲûйأ涨ߡ
һ£ƺϸǷ֪һӣֻĺȥȻ˫ַϾֹˮȴûаֱ仯
ƺֻûعͷӲͷƤһӣȻϣӣĻδ룬Ҳӡ
˴ŭأСƤô£Ҳô£ҿǴҵģҪǲ壬Ǿòﵷʲôң
δȴЩˣĿȻƺϣЦǰˡ
⡭
ƺοЦ˵һҲһ壬ҿҿûˡ
δЦδգƣˣλ
ߣ
ʱֻƺĺһߣȥλ
ԣƺӾѹһ̧ʱԶһöӣҪ֮ʱȴһƻӳö֮ϣ䡱һʱǺȶ˹Ļ档
һ𣬻δʱеؿһƣ裬漴ֻ顱һǰڡλİӣԷղһ£ȥǧԨʱˤ÷顣
һ£֮ϣɱ֣δʱҪ۹Ļٴν⿪֮ķӡµĶ֣Ҫΰ죿
ʱºҩ԰СЩɲݣЩĵرѾΨУһˣϱҲûˣһЩĵҩҲ;ˡ
СѾͷСѾͷһҪס
һأҲһ󺹣Ҫʲô


0979 ֮
֮ϣδһӣƼ֣˿򶨣һԶ±һӣעУһʱ˹ȥ顱һǹĻϣͬʱҲƺǱߡϰӸȥ
⡭
ƺ΢΢һû뵽һССѾͷĹܹӸ䡣
ߡ
һĿ񣺡ȥ塣ĩһӣһöӣ顱һڹĻ֮ϣʱûδѪһӿͬʱöӱȥ
Ȼ֣֮һʼƺ뻨δģȴ˺¡
ˣ»ǿнδ䣬˵ףһ岢ĶģǱ־󣬶δҪֹ󷨱ƣʶȾĹأѾû˶塣
δǿƽϢһһӣ顱һ˹Ļ֮ϣӿȥԲʮƲʱһһ£ȴδղɹԷȥ
ƽ
һһöӣ顱һڹĻ֮ϣھһ𣬶ʱδ롰ƽšӸȥ
֣ȻɱδӱöȻƵУʱȻ治ɫһٴӣĻ¡
ƽߣɱ
Ƭ֮󣬹Ļ֮ӣԺɱأʱź²ӣδİӣǲϱɱѽзʤĻᡣ
ɱ
һһأɱԽԽأδ֮䣬ֻԱ֮ȴ̶ԷöӣϻҪֿԷھʵǼһŲ̽䡣
߶ɱ
ɱָһȻĻȥЯǷͬСɣδɫ΢΢һ䣬˲Ԫ࿹
ں֮ʱһɾʱؿһƣһˣһѪҲ˳
£˷㾲ƺӺͺЩ˶סˣѲһľ֣ģǺһؽһصɱ棬һööӣ·˽ɱϣ
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ߡ
һߣȥᲽۣŻδһ壬ùˡ
δ̧ȥǵѪʱȻܴɫȴûаֻңֱֻź£ȻЦһţɱ
һɱ£һöʱĻ£顱һһ¾ɱ˺öӣƺӵ˽һոտʵѾֻ֣Ⱥɱ˳ɱԷ·
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һ£̺öƺϲɵһ壬µĻѰŮˣһʼԷ壬ʱѡ
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ôܡ
ɫڲ׹ղŵÿһԼƣʵȴѲ֪˶Էľ֣һʵ̫˿δܲڲʱȴˡ
ŮӾʲôͷ
һ˲䣬ֻ󷨵ĵʤƣȴǼܱʶ֮ɽһǿ࣬ù
δ뵭һЦøˡ
¿̽ҵӣһߣӮ˶ԷˣţŻһССŮ
ֻȫԪһ𣬾Ϊ׼ʥȾ磬Ҫ֮Ҳʲô¡
һֻ̣Ϸӿһɿֱֲ
һ㣡
һɲǣɱ¶һһöӣ͵سĻϳȥһӳײȥؽʮöϣδҪӲЩӲ䣬ضҪɳ˱Ȼܵش
⣡
ҩ԰Ǳߣ۶ȻһµʵΣһ廹֮СѾͷҪӲĻȻܴ
һɲ֮ʣָֻһһɫ˲˹ȥ顱һڹĻ֮ϣµֵסˣ˷űûδû¡
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һ˵ֻ꣬һһö˲˹ȥ֮ʼߵһԪ֮࣬˿мȫ壬ɣ
⡭
һأڱɫ֪ʵҩϲķ壬ÿȴ²ˣ˻ϲˣԱﲼһˣ޿ܴ󷨣һöĻϣ
һ˲䣬ָֻһһɫ˳ȥ顱һŻδöδĻ֮ϣǽ÷顣
ʲô˼
δһָһָէէ֣Ͳٻˡ
ߡ
һߣ˵Ϊֹˣ˴ɲġ
δЦһ˵Ҫ壬ǿˣ
кβɣ
һ䣬ʱƲ㷭ӿֹһɺɱҲ˲䳯ɽ
δüһаҪǿĻ壬ԼҲֻ֧ʱ䣬ͷҪòźã
Ū꣬¿͹ˣʱԼǵץ߲ɡ
вУԼ취ǡ
˼֮ʣºȻһ̧ţһʱڣҳȫţȻ󣡡
ˡ
δȻ̧ͷ׼ٻʱԶƼȻһһδգԻ壿
һЩΪǳˣһδȴһϲˣ


0980 ñط
ֻķƲȻӿɢȥһ˵ϢֶúЩˣԸеһϡ
ܿ죬Ʋ㷭ӿ֮䣬Ӱ֣ʱԶֻһգۼ䣬Ӱǰ
˭һ̧һʱӿֱ۶ľҷɡ
ٿȻϮϢȣɽͬһ̧ƣ˲Ϣһʮӡ¡һײһ𣬵ʱ²ֹ
Ǽʮˣ˽£ڶըһʱ֮䣬ԸͷĿѣѣվվˡ
£
ˮʱϳ±ϣµӣȻҲϳһЦҽʥˮ̡
ĪǲҲڸ
ˮ̵һӦǾųܿȥƺһ۾Ϳʱ룬һЦˣֻһˣû뵽ҽʥ죬ǡȤ
Ŀϣ׷ѩ˪ǰˣ֮ˡ
ʱһӰ·ȴҩʥۣѽЩҩݣȫСԪӤ֮Уҩ԰棬Ѳʣһ
̡
ˮ̺󣬲һԭأԷǧȴʣЩԼȴӲգҩʥҩʥε˲վĲ
ˮҲȥֲգһ˵ĸɫ˾ñط꣬ʱȴԣͷ䣬˵һĻĻ¡
ҽʥҩʥñط꣬ĪǽգλҪڴɣ
µżЦʱ۵ȥ˲Ϣ˻δǰմһ˿Ѫüͷһ壺
û¡
δҡҡͷոֻµھˣ޴󰭣ʱʱȴԸһɱͺ䡣
ʱ˪񣬺֪ҲܴҩʥˣȻۺˮҲ֣ǰ֮ȴЩöԸ
һЦֻȻҽʥҩʥλòڽռ棬£ҲͲŶλˡգǻټġһ˵꣬Ҫһȥ
ȴȻһδգԴҴұȥĩָһ˲һöӣݡһȥ
һ֮ƣ֮Ʋɵʮ˽Ըеһʱ֮䣬Ҳ۲ˡ
ΪͬСɣһ˲䷴Ӧ˹˫һ顱һסһöӡ
Ȼ׼ʥ֮ʥɴʱסӺǲɵðΪֻڶڣ书ȴƻҪʤˮ벽һ
֮
һЦָһһöӷ˹ȥöײ顱һʱһƬ촷ۣ۳֮УȴһɫĻٿȻ´ȥ͡һؿڡ

±⧲һ´Уʱһˣ﷢һƺߣļʮ˽һȻδϵöӵУȻһ֮
ڳ֮ȻҲܹóһĻǻǰ˻δһ¡

˿ֻ̣ؿڣɫոһֱţͻȻĻѾش
ĻǵɱžյģֱԪʮϲĻܹѵõ
ҽʥҩʥλ䣬澳Ԫ򣬶ⲻһˣܹǳɹ죬ԣǺǡ
һЦ䣬һ˲仯һ뿪ˡ
Ѿͷû°ɣ
ֱһʧٺ󣬲۲ŷӦæδһֻƿҩҩʥ֮ҩȻһܱȡ
δҩɫܿͻָ˹ҡҡͷû£ոձǾԳһ£޴󰭡
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˺һ۲عһ̾ҲֻЩˣֹƬ̣ᣬȴͷϲɫһƺʮֲͬѰڡ
δ̣λСǣ
ȻҲܹóΪʮ֮ߣոܹһ˺£˵ʵԼˮ֮£澳˵磬ҳĸҲˡ
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һ
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ֻˮȥˮɫЩŹ֣ظӶ϶һѰ֮ˣʵ̣ô£
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ֻҪһ˵죬֪˭ˣϴ񽣹ȣһƽٰ󻹵ƭ񽣹ˡ
ɲȴ֪ʱˮü촽ߣȴ˻ȥѲۼãֶͷֻֿδ뿴ȥ
æ˵Ѿͷ˵ȥһĵطɱܹЩ˵׷٣ղźֳʲô֮ȴ˵ңҡ⵽ʲô˼ҵǴδ˵ʲô죬Īǡ
ʱ뵽Ȼˣδ˵죬ɸղŴӺµĻȻǼǿ
̶ʮ䣬ܹǿʢģֻܹ쵽ǰ׷ˣԳ֮ѵ֮ӦǺˡ
²֮ˣ֣ǵʦȡˡһ֣ûκιϵ
ͷˮĲۣ˵
˵֮˺󣬲۸һԱˮ̣һٴοʱҲһ˵ɫ
ڵҽഫǵ緸£ռҵС˽飬ɵ龿ûڳ֮£Ҳδ֪
ֻǰˣ׵һһǣѱȻҵѪȴҲԼ֮ˣѰһ˿һӡ
ҵˡ
۳ãˮ̿ȥʲôˮȴ¶һͷ֮ɫϵˣﲻ˵֮أոպ˵ûжҪҵңκ˶ܿͻڲߣˣҲ߲ˣ


0981 ·
ԭΪ˵۾ͻݣû뵽ˮ̸հѻ˵꣬ˣߣһҪ˵ҾͲˣҪҪɱ;գ
㡭
ʮʥ֮һȻˣڵϲߣˮֺ־úЦһۣѹôҲҩʥӶô
˲ˡ
۴ҡףһ첻˵ҾͲߡƣˮΣü
ȻҪ֮󣬵Ҳûʲôɣֻ֪˵ӣһ˵ˣͻ׷ʲͣǴžûûˡ
Ӵ
ʱֻδŶӴһֱ̰ۣôˣ
ոաոձһ£ǣ˺ˡ
δһ˵ţһʹ֮ɫˮ˹ְסһ֮̽£Ҳɵɫһ䣬Ϣ˻ңһĺ
ӴӴۺۡ
δСסһߣͷһۣ¶Ű֮ɫСѾͷ㲻°ɣƭͷոһöҵġת¶ûʲôǺò˵ģ
˵գ˻ȥɹһδԽӲ԰ɫװģһ˲˹ȥָһһ£Ҳü
һʮֲѰ֮˴Ѱλǰһ棬Ҳλǰܷ⺮ˡ
֮󣬲۸üˮ̵ضǸղ´ˣǣ⺮ˣľת¶Ҳûã⺮˷һ֮ȥ֮ǡ
Ŵԣعδ뿴ȥϾСѾͷղҲΪֵ£ܵˡ

ֻһ̾˰ˣ߰߰ɣ˵꣬һ߲˦䣬һǰȥ
棬δ͵͵һЦȥһƭġ
ҡҡܲµ龫֣װģղǰһѺ
ףСѾͷողǻʹòôͷһ˵Ҫߣ񡭡ûˣ
ӴӴӴӴӴ

һʱѾ뿪µĵؽ磬Դڣˮ̸Ϲһʱ䣬ڳȥĻҪʱ䡣
պ֮ǰ˵ģҽʥҩʥλ䣬Ȼ澳һȻ󲨣һݷͬСɣҽʥҩʥǶٴҪ£ģ
仰򵥵Ļ˵ܽҽʥҩʥλ£Լȥš൱ڶ˼
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֮⣬ʮʥȫʧ֮գδ˽⿪ȻҲ֪귢ʲô£ΨһܹѯʵģȻˮ̺Ͳλˡ
ʱɫĺ֮ǰʱķȥ˵ԭ·أһҽʥҩʥλǰϢȻˣֽ֦
δҲ΢΢ü֮ǰ˵ĻҪ뽫ҽʥҩʥλ˳죬»һ澳ˣԣҲʲô¡
ߡ
ϷĳɽȥƲ죬ɽߵվ˼ߵĻһЩ·ˡ
ˮûʲôʮƽʵϵһ
ѾҪ뿪ĵؽ磬ԽһƬɽ֮ǰ߼ɽϣȻ˲ӰѹѹһƬгǧ֮ࡣ
Ǳ˹
߹Ǽɽϵߣپ˹ԶԶȥͷֲܶЩЩˡ
ôˡ
δһüʹѲµ߽֮˾ۼû뵽ƫƧĵطȻۼôˣǴĵطȥǱ߲ˣ
Щ࣬ȴһ׼ʥϢΪߵģҲֻڣ߳ڵ߰ˡ
⼸ƽ𾴣ʱҩʥҽʥλ׼ʥȻǹģ˿
ֻ˳ͻδԵˮ̺Ͳ۹˹֣صʿǡҽʥҩʥλǰ
ˮüϴˡ
ϴˣôᡭȺʱС
ճǶʥҩʥҽʥǴžûˣʥ֣ű㺦£ҪҲʵȵġ
ǰĿŵǰȺˣ䵭ÿ
ǡ֮
Ⱥʱ˽˳Ǽ´ţ֮òᣬȴа׷ǧģ˲ҽӽ
ϽҵҽʥҩʥλԴ˿̣˸Ƕ϶֮һλҽʥˮҩʥˣڻиŮŮվӶ洫ţǸ
ŵ飬澳ﴫ÷з˽֪ʦ֮һӡ
дţӵΪɲµĶɾ£붫ɾǷʶֶһţҲôС֪
ʱ˶Χ£˹ÿԽԽδǰһվˮ̺ͲǰߣǰЩˣλһðɡ
²ܱЩ˶ãͻΪߵǰʱҪ뿪͸Ϊˡ
壡
ϣԣٻ˳ԭգȻһܲȻȻһԸ鲼ۣ͸һɳħɷΨͷһƬɫۣȥʥַ
ǡǣ
˺ȿޣŵˣˮ̺Ͳ̧̧֣λǰ롣
£˱ԾԱϣԺ֮죬ħ֮Ұǰ߿·˸ٵǰ棬һȻǶԣǿֲġ
Լһʱ󣬲ȫѺЩߣɽһ·˳ҩʥҽʥλһ£Ҳ澳ˡ
ڶĺɫʱһɽ룬ǰһɼǿƺһɼǿĵ֮ںԶĵط
ͣδ뿴ȥ˵δ룬㿴ͼǰ
ؿˣݵؽ硣ˮǰķ򣬺Ȼ˵
ݵؽ磿
üһֲǿĵ֮ǵ֮ǰҹӰعϢ˵һҪķ壬ݣλΪߵ׼ʥ
ݼ󣬺ǧﷶΧ֮ǰ˫ǿɱȣ˫һȣñһƶĥȡ
صãԩ·խˣԴӵ˫һ¹󣬱Ҳûҹ鷳ȴ˫Թˡ
ο˫ǵ˫СȴǱϵӰϵˡ
ʶ˫£ǿҪ׷ɱȻδʵ£ұȻûǡ
ôߣ
δȥȻҲ֪ǰʲôطҪߵĻǾͲ֪ҪƵʲôʱˣοĿǰʺ·ߡ
ĺȽȽķ·ߣڴǰһ׷ɱĻʱԣȴͬˣ֮һһغ죬һˡ
οʱߵģҽʥҩʥλߵĻݣȥҲҩʥҽʥλݡ


0982 
ĺɫĺϣɫҲԽԽأѾݱǱˣټǰĻŻ˶֪Ҫݡ
һĻ㱱Ǳݣ֮⣬ʱƱҲۼȥбȻ鷳
ߵĻֵãһֵĻֻøӸӡ
ʱԿηһʮʮ٣֮ҹ͵͵ҽʥҩʥλǱж˵ȥɺͳ
ǰǧݵؽ磬ֻӲȥˡδ˫ü΢һ̵Ŀ⣬ȴʮһ
Ļδ뵣ΣҲյأ֪ɽлƫɽС
һȴͬˣ֮ݣҩʥҽʥλʧݡ
һΣȰߣȻǰ٣ǵɽ𺣣֪УҲһߣһ

˵ͷǰĺ˿̵Ŀ⣬Ҳ𽥱һΣǵ˿ʱˡ
ҪԵģݣǱΪĪλ׼ʥʱ澳ĸΣҲҪˮ̡˰ȫ졣
ҹĻᴹˮ̺ͲҲ֪¹ش澳̫ҪǶˡ롱ˣʱЩˣžͲǿͿˡ
ʱˮ̧ͷҹĻᴹ£ֵĲ΢΢˫üʵǲǡ뱱ʲôڣ
Ҳ㲻ʲôڡ
˵ͷûжԣҪ˵뱱ҵĹڣǾҪ̫̫ǰ˵ˣʱ澳ģֻ̫ʼš½Щڱµ
ìܼǱ粻ϧѪԪԱҵǿƣɢ֮ʱӡ꣬ɱ˱ͬʱ˫ǣű棬ɱӡ
˵ףڱ棬һССı㲻ʲôͱЩڣ֮
Ȼ統ΪУͷָʹ·֮󣬱䱣ҲǲܣĻʱ澳ҵĸҲû˭ҹ鷳
һ̣ʲôʱ䱱û鷳һһұȻϴȥ֮ĻȪȣǲ뱣һ£űҵʱ֪ġ
ۼҹĻǰɽ˵Խǰߵɽ룬糽ʱݣλǰΣ
Ŵԣ΢΢һ㶣ȻŹڣѵ˵ĵȥ𣿶ԱˮȴǴ˼£Ҳֻˡ

ҹһԽɽ룬ǰƬһ޼ʵƽԭʱ¸ǧҰӳյóξˮ
ʱݳҵĵǶδ˯˶Ϊţ֪ôˣλϻڴʲôк²ܵȵհ˵
ʱֻŽգҡΣмӸŷϣλ϶˵ЩʲôȻƺ˸磬̸
϶Ǿҷ˵Σ
ʱڴϣֻһ뷢׵ߣһ̴ɫۣȥׯϣʱȴüü֮䣬ֵܹĳ⡣
˲ǱˣǱһĴϣ
±ҵϵλһߣһߣݵĶϣΪ黯ʮ֮ߣ׼ʥ
ϹЩ谵ɼϳݣȻѾ֪ҩʥҽʥλݶǵʶʱܹӦԷѾߵˡ
ҲΪ·ãұߵϵϲſڵǾÿԣҵûʲôֻһݣвۺˮˣʱضˣֻ¶Ҫ
Ȼ֪
֮ϣü΢ۺ룬λ˴ҹ˵סҲȫ롣
ֻѲǵǸˣһСС磬۵ԷͷϣȴҲòɵˡ
֮ѷǵɱȣʵΣҲ֪ǲסԷʵԸݴ
֪ǲãһˣž԰ȥԷȫԷһ£رպݣضѡ
Ŀǰǻûʵһ֮Ǳ߻һĪǡ
ʵ벻͸һ֮£ǴڻȪȣͻȻһϧԣֱ̫˷˼ˡ
Ԫŵأ澳ԪֻǶ½׺⻹ĺ˻ģԪŵأ˵ǾƱòƹܡ
׼ʥΪҲ֪֮УΨԱ֮޷£һأʵҲ£ʵǲĪȥһˡ
һ˵סԷΣʲôôƶԷ۹½˵оĹЩǶԣûãҲ졣
ֻҪúгʥһգڼ³ʲôӣ˴ҹվݡ
Ҫݣ˻ҪţԱ֤ܹ˳ݣֻҪݣ£޹ˡ
ôҲһӣڳﶯ֣¾£мʲôӡ
˼ãɿüͷľֻ֣ڳи½ߣģ
á
˶˵ͷһ̧ͷʵǡأҵɱʲô
Ŵԣȥüͷ𽥽˰ã뿪ۡ벽һɱǵ㱾£ܹȥǵġ


0983 ٳ
ϵͷӦǻڳȥл

ҹĻµݣ£ҹɫУȴ˼˲Ϣѹ֮С
ݵķһƽɭСϲбҵѲߣһЩĽʱʱпֲĵͳ
ֻҹ֮£һ˫˫Ѫ۾ںڰĽ͸׹⣬ЩǡޡϹĴ֮һġ軡ʮ񣬷·һڣܽһ˺÷顣
𡭡
ͺ֮ϴƺЩޣҲӦʲôݶһ˲
ЩϹޣϡУѱЩЩյҰԣޱȣֻĴطŻС
˫СطǱͷ䣬ʮָ߰ȻѱҲȥϡСط
ʮִɽʮ㣬ݳǸǷޱȣ˺ڰ֮УЩµĺ⣬ǷضεĹ¥棬һֻֻ߲¹ЩƽＫټҲޡ
ЩѰޱޣͨ߱Ҳȥһ£ݣЩȴһЩӵܵ߸ɴ֮á
ݳķǣƶΪԣȻġƶǵָƸ
Ƹֻһ棬ӵбȱ˸ԴȻǺãΪҪģҪݵλԺգҪһļ
֮ǰЩ½ҡ̫ʼСһڵǿҲòݵĻֻǡƶ
СĴطȥܵѹȥЩƶĵط
ͬ棬һССϵԱ⣬ʮ˴еʵȥ˾ǵĻǱʲôҲǡ
ݣӵǵļڱϣʵҲ̫ЩӵܣݳǣҲŰˡ
ʱЩƻԻ͵Ĺ¥棬ֵֻͣһȴͨһЩޣȻһ̻Ի͵Ĺ¥棬дĶЩӵܡ
ֻЩޣֺҲãͷŶԷ߲ͣ˻ȻƽԼŹˡ
Ե˼ЩҪǡ·
˿̣ҹһ¥ǰֻһɫ䵭İ¹Ӵ˳󣬻ƤЦĽ¹ӡ
¥ߣв˰أԷλӳ£ֻһϹܼҴżǰ¹ӵӣˡ

ǰ¹΢΢ףɫ䵭ʵ첮ż
⡭
ϹܼЦЦҹˣλùӿЩȥҪ浢ˡ
Ŵԣǰ¹һüõ춼ؾκò׳ˣ˵ǰȥô
⡭ţ˫ڼλϹĹӵɡ
Ϲܼ¶Ϊ֮ɫԽ˵ԽС¹ҡҡ֣˰ˣȥˣϼһֿʼ߶ǲӷһӷأ
ݣֻǰˣŸҽλϳϼһˣǱˣǱݱһǿ֮ˡ
ʣ
Զһͷ޺һݣŵΧڵأϲš
ȴѰޣһͷĺޣһ۾һһ죬ƣʮͣǱʡ
˿ֻ̣޺ݺű߷ҹգĿ¶׹⣬¶Ϸµĳ֮
ôˣ
𲻽üͷһ壬ʱֻҪһʶ֣ʾͻ˷
Ǳ߷ȥֻʣκ֮ٴκһ޲߹
¹ӵǻȥɣٳ
¹ʱЦΨΨŵŵͷȻݴĸӵܣ˵ݵĻǱݵ̫ӡ
ʣߣ
ͺһޣʱڿն𣬽̤ɫ棬űۡǱ߶ȥ⸽ϵޣڵأһҲҶ
صУֻѿĵѾɢߣֱȥλϼڵı΢΢ͷˡ
ûһۣ˵׻ûˣ˵ˣֻҪݣǶܵô
ֻһҡͷһ̾ߵϣﵹ裬๾Ƿйһĺȥ
ϼҡͷһЦ˵Ϊ
֪ˣǷ
ǲͷĲ豭һţ˫õʱָﶪˣ˼ңǰζ͵ɾȥˣ˼ҵ˫ޣô˼ұȣҪȻǻͷҲü취ȥɰɣ

֮ϣȻһȣ̶һֻϾһ˪һģ飬ʮˡ
±λæɫʾҪٶײˣһҲ˵ˡ
һϲֿ˵ǼҪؾиҪݾ
ǻ˼
ЦһΪҪݾǾְҽˣ˭Ҫݰʲô£ʶҪҳȥӭ𣿡
ϿЦⲻԡ
ˣ֪ˣҾڸҲȥˡһȥˡ
һȥˡ
ﰲǱ˪ã̾ʵ̫ˣҲЩҹ߳ģǡ
˵ζһ붮£ҲͲ˲ˣζΣǧֻеԳԽ
񱱹ôҲվǲģȻôԸϣĿǰʵˡ
ҹɫԽԽ·֮䣬ñ̾Ϣһ

ڶ峿ݳ쳣İջƵգȴܲ·һ꣬١
ϵʱһЩ˽˳Уڳ⻹Ŷˣһʱ֮䣬Թ㡣
ȻһҹδߣĵڳʱȻһֲĺӱ⴫ʱ쳹ǵĴֱҡΡ
֮ˣһ˲䶼˹Ѹٸϵ棬̧ͷȥֻķ򣬺ƷӿݣǺ֮£һͷµİɾԣڳⲻԶ֮ǾϣԼԼվĵӰ
һ£˶Ȼʧɫʲôˣ
һЩ֮ǰյϢˣʱͬоɫ¶ű⣬Ǻ֮£ϵˣǽǴġ֮ô


0984 
ֻӿǿֲģвһЩڳĺޣʱųԲϷͺĿʮ塣
ڳ˾֮ʣֻӰһԾ˳¥֮ϣ뷢ףݵλϡ
׼ʥϢǷͬСɣв˽΢΢һƽＫѼλ׼ʥգ˾һˡ
ɼ֮紫һ㣬ǵ֮λ׼ʥҲСӣʱԱߵλĪǾǽʱգǴҩʥҽʥλ
֪֮ҽʥҩʥλݳǣʧԶӭ
Ϣ֮ʣֻ˫΢΢һҽʥҩʥλ˱ȭ䣬Ȼǲ
Ǳȭݳǣλϡ
ˮ̺ͲԱߣѾܵˣЩϢһ֣ݳǵˣǳǶ
ǳھѾôˣ֪˳Ǻ־ۼ˶ڵǡ
οգܷ˳ǻһ⣬ƣֻûô򵥡
һ̣ڳգԽ˵˼£˶ź˵ĿҲһգգ
֪һ뱱гģҪݣλҵĳϻ˳ȥҪǶĻǳΪе͵ˡ
ս֮ʣֻ˵֪֮ҩʥҽʥλݳǣν¡
ʱǱֵòҲڲᵱ뱱ЩԹԹ˵ףҲֻ뱱֮ĶԹˣǣҡ
ֻҪ˵ԼҪͨݣ⻰ȴ֪˵żȲʧԼݣҲ˶ԷϣλҽʥҩʥλҪ֮£ݽ֦
ʱֻδվ˳ų¥ϵˣһЦ˵ȥҽʥҩʥλɾݣ߶֮λҪ֡
ͬĻͬ˼ɻδ˵ԵȻֳ࣬գȴδ˾ɻȥʱ˶λϲҿλ˵
һֻһ̧ųˣš
¡¡һǸߴĳʱ߻ˣһ̣˾ȣҲ¶ɫͷ˿
ȻҲڰÿţҪǹȥҪȫڳУ
һ˲䣬ֻǸ߿е죬һˣһɼǿɢƱɫ
иһݳǵ󷨣
٣ϼһѵģ
󷨼֮󣬲΢΢һ䣬ʱС˵ǹȥ͹ȥȴְѳ󷨴򿪣ҿթСģСš
롣
ֳָֻ˸֣һ˲䣬Χֱðˡ
ǳ죬δҲüһȴأɫ䣬лλϡ˵գûаԥ֮ɫʱԦ壬жȥˡ
˽һ֪ѿжǣ֮
𡪡
ͷһ𣬶ʱ춯أֱŵǵڵأϲţڱЩޣĿ¶׹⣬ϳ巢
Ȼϵħ֮أܹǧޣЩϹʱһ޸࣬ʵЩѰ޿ɱȡ
ʱǵϷӿֻҪβһƲ㷭ӿ
˵ע£ͻδ룬Լˮ̺Ͳۣվ֮ϣǰȥһĻʵǧһֻɷ˳вˣ˶ź
ȻҲһ·Уֻǲ̫ʱɫ䣬ԶϺȴüͷ
𡪡
һ·ϣĺװŵóЩƽֺȫſڵϣϲͷҲ̧һ¡
ЩͣʱϵȻﾭһ·ϣǶԣ·һƣܲ¶
Щޣʱ˫Ѫ죬Ŀ¶׹⣬Ա߿ţֻЩѾȥˡ
⵽ʲô
֮£˵ޣҲеľѣȻϵóϹԣϣصһħֱ֮󡭡
ȥħڣˡ
Ǻ棬ҵλü˲ԣ֪ܲʲô
һͷŶ绯ʧܵԣħڣħ֮꣬ģ
ħڣչŶ飬ȻҲʲôطֻû뵽һܹħڣµĵط
Ƭ֮Ѿ˱ۡϿգʱڸͥԺֻԺվһɫİ¹ӣǱ
ҵˡ
һ̣һ㺮˪˵жүүҲҪҡڹȥ
ԱߣϹܼҿЦӣҲɲҵˣԪŵˣҵ˵Ļλ򲻿ҡеġ
ҹʲôˣ
һɫأԱ˪֮ʱȻһɫ棬˲䳯Ϸȥ
⣡
ԱܼҶȻһղֻűˣȴԺͷޣѰĺ޾Ѿʮˣͷޣ֣˱˭Ļ
ӣ޻ԣ
ܼɫ䣬Ҳһü󺰵ʣ
Ȼ޴һֱűҹĿ¶׹⣬ʱĻҲˣһ˲嵽ȥͬʱԭһ»߰ɣȻԱԵЩСȻǿ
ʣ
ٴδ󺰣·ͻȻ߽һǺ߱Ҳһ±ɫ
к͵ģ׼ʥ£ΨֻĻܹħڣĵط֮ãħ֮ĿʵжֲǱ˭ֻǴ״̬ѣǲˡ


0985 ԡѪ
˾ע֮£ֻſѪڣĿ׺ݣһڶҧȥ
Ӵͬʮҧһ˲䣬βڶ䡱һʱȥ±һײ÷飬ʱ
𡪡
巢һֲ˽һж£οһͷֻǸղһĻȥ޲
𣡺𣡺𣡡
˾δ֮ʣֻУȻʮֻ޳ҵ˶ŵɫɷףһ̣Ǿ޷ѱסЩˡ
¡¡¡¡
ض¡¡ޱڣǶʱﳾʮֻޣĿ¶׹⣬һǷ˿һ㣬ֱϵ
ˡ
ԶλǰȻЩΪѱվѱǵϹʱޣħһۣǷ޾κ˼ߣԼˣʱҲסЩĺޡ
𡪡
ĺΪЩȴǲ壬ٶֿ죬һ˲ϮҲ֮ͬǰֻһһ·Ŵ࣬еҧסβеҧסƴ˺ʹƬƬƬ䡣
𡪡
ֻ˫Ѫ죬ħ֮׻عȥһҧסһͷޣ͡һжʱѪһ
ȻбҧģЩƷ˿һ㣬˫Ѫϳ̶Ƭ֮䣬⸽ĽȾһѪ
ǰУѪвٺޱҧʬ׹ֲ
⡭
Զҵ˶ŵľôޣҪڱҶԣǺεʧЩʧȥƣûֹǡ
δ룬ġվȣ
֮ϣδ뿪ȻЩֻ壬ǣʱҵذڶվȡ
ڰĳЩǰһĻ
Ӵι˵ⱱҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣ˵ǹȥڵãųЩӡ
һȶΣһ߽п಻ҩʥô˿ţҪ˦ȥĻǿɾͶ˶ˡ
λǰվˣ
Ȼֻ˫ֽӡͻȻϴȥһ壬ߣ
𡪡
ͷһһ𣬽ЩѲĺ޾˳ȥ漴һ⣬ǰȥ
һȴûע⵽ֵ̳Ĳƽȴ׹͸Ѱĺޣ֮ǰͷޡ
𣡡
һֲ˲仯һɫ磬ɳȥ֮ǰһ³ȥ䡱һײϣʱײ˳ȥͬδˣͻȻһ£Щײ÷ɳȥ
𡪡
˾֮ʣֻһֱ࣬ɫƣħֵ֮⣬Ŀֲѡ
⣬⡭
ǵˣһ̾¶Ȼ֮ɫͷޣ֮ڵԶѪѾѣʵͨĺܱȣ
𡪡
ֻͷһ𣬶ʱ춯أ¡¡¡̳ǵĺޣһ̾߳
ˡ
һ£ˮҲɫ˶ϹޣΪ׼ʥǼһʱƬ̼䣬ҲԶԸЩҪޡ
𣡡
ޱһһɲǣǹٶȣֹһ˲ǰ͡һһҧ侱ϣš
ʣ
Զۡ棬Ҳû뵽ѪѺʣϿʵ˿ֲֻǸ׼ʥ˼ߣҲ벻Ķ֡
𣡡
巢һͺȫסڶȻɿڣڶԽǾң˿Խǿֲ̼䣬Ƭ䣬Ѫ졣
δ룬ߡ
δ룬һ˲ȥˮ̺ͲҲȥʱվϣֻӰЩޡ
𣡺𣡺𣡡
ԶϰֻҲ˹ͲӴ󣬵ȴʤѸݣſѪڱҧȥϰֻΧܿ죬Ƭ䣬Ѫ졣
塭
屻ôΧδɫ΢΢һ䣬ǵħڣԽշģȴͬӡ½ꡣ
屾ħ֮֮꣬Ǵħڣĳɱ䣬Ȼ˯Ԫ֮С
һ壬л꣬ͬҲѪ⣬ܹܵʹܹܵв
ҪǣԼ˼룬ͨԣӺ½Զ޷ġ
𡪡
һ쳹أĺƲסѪԽԽֲ˶ŵľԶԶȥҿ߷Χ
ۼ𽥱Щ˺ҧûѪ죬δֻеһ״ʹǴ죬̫˾Ϯ֮գػԼԼֵס
ʱ屻ЩѪΧУδиǸеһʹ岻ǻͨԣиͬ飡
һ̣ٲԥЩޣһ˲˷ɻɡһ˲䣬ȴȻְסļ򣺡δ룬Ҫȥ
ǡ
δһ£˿Щʹ壬ֻعͷ˵ᱻЩҧġ
ġ
ҡҡͷһĿϣʵȻδҪΪġ
λʧܣÿʧһΣҲͻҪǧʱָħڣʱǡһλʧܣʮ壬ƾǵʱΪһͷԣǻǾһ
һΣһȻԽԪ֮Уɱ壬ʵǾ塣
ΪʱĻǼҪһط˯ؽٻɢˣãǴһط
Դ˿̣Ҫһԡ죬壬ԡѪ


0986 ǧ
ǳÿǷš
һ̣ƺҲʲôһź룬һ߻˵ּδһŵģ˵СѾͷͲõˣԶλʧܣȴƶᣬʵš

һԣδע⵽ͷһƬɫۣΨһһƬۣҲѾǳɹˣһ̣ȴ֪ôʧ˵֤
ʱѱЩ˺ҧѪ죬ΨͷϵƬɫۣȾѪ覴⣬ųһƬɫĹâ
ǡ
һ̣ͷϵɫƬ󣬱λǶȻһһʼ֪һͷλʧܵԣȴûע⵽ͷϵɫƬǷһƬۣ
⡭
һأΪĪıҲ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫͷһƬɫۣζʲô
ζͷԱѾɹˣ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ͻȻжϣǣһƬɫۣ
һͷŻʵԣԭǺˮԣһͷԶԣӵӽѪԣ
ǡΪϵƬȫǺɫģʲôΪα˺ˮԣ
λȻ֮ɫ붨ǰǰ̫̫£һеһУû곾ǰһУûмء
һ̣Ҳ΢΢üҲۣΪԼշģֻһͷԻ꣬ȲԶʱĺˮԡ
ڿʵԶԶǿںˮԣֻǲ֪ΪΣӦһΣʧܵһΣɫһΣԪˣʱ꣬Ҳδָܻ
𡪡
Ȼһ޺Զ˽һֻԭϰֻ˺ҧԲŵĺޣͻȻ˳ȥͬʱһ˦ͷҲ˦˳ȥһ˲ȥһڽҧסˣжʱѪꡣ
ʣ
ۡ棬˫ĿԲֻԿУƴֱӱǷҧˣȥ쳣Ѫȡ
𣡺𣡺𣡡
Χĺһγȥȴβһɨ顱ʮ죬ʮͷֱӱɨһƬѪͷˡ
⡭
Զλϸ¶˲ŵ񣬶ڸۡޱҧסţĿѣȴһԵܼţӣȥáȥð
𡪡
һֻһ˦ؽͷ˦˳ȥ䡱һ±һײ÷顣
̳ɢ֮ʱֻ޸ҧˣѪ죬ҲҧˣѪӿһŨŨѪϢʱ⸽ֵ
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Ȼ䣬ֻƷӿֹ˵ĿֲȫѪ죬ЩƬһֻ˳ֻƬȻǺɫģ͸һصħϢ
𡪡
ٴͷһ˻±ߵĺ޻һĿ¶׹⣬ϵһʱ֮䣬Щ޿־ףҲٳˡ
һֻ̣ģɫ𽥱ʹ˻ţͷϣȻһԽǣ
ǣ
һɲǣԶ˸һѵͷԾҪڴʱͷϵģǷǡһǣ
ô¡
Ҳüһ岻ʱĿǰֵסʱ٣ΪΣͷϣһǳǳǣ
𡪡𣡡
һ̣ϣ˼ȵʹ֮УӴƾ䣬ڣһ׳
¡
ףӳֱͨ
⡭
һ˲˹ȥδͻȻ˹ȥһ˲ɻɡҲų˹ȥ
ɷɷɷ
״һ˲䣬ֻһ̧ǺȻɷɷǰУȻ׹ǣһƬ˲γһǴ󣬡¡һ档
ǡʲô
Ƶİ׹ǣ˽ŵɫɷףλһ԰׹ɴֵܵף⡭ʲôа󷨣
ɷɷɷɷɷɷ
İ׹ǲƣʵǿֲҲǵħڣܹжһʮţֱΪĶһʮǣʮ׹ǣ֪Ӻζ֮ʮ
棬ҲʮأһɣҲ׹ǣΪһ֡
Դ˿̣˶˵øԶˣ±ֲ׹˽ȥڱǱߣɫɷףĿ¶ɫ׹ǣص֮󡭡
¡¡
һһĴҺֵĻ󣬾֪ҪɹĻȥֵףκҲֻ书һ
Ǵ˿̣޷ִ֮ʱϣȻҷҲԪ
𡪡
Ȼʹ˻ţδ״һ˲ɵͷߣḧǽδһǣ壬û£û¡
ͨԣʹ˿ʹ֣Ҳͷ˲˿һĻʵţһͷͻԡ
Լ˰ʱ䣬ϵĿ׷ЪֹҲһɢˣ͸ƲЩۡ
ʱϵƬѾȫ³˳ԡѪһ㣬ֻǶͷϵһǣʱ˻ȥ
𣬺𡭡
ʱڳ·Щ޼ɢȥִĿ׺ݵص壬ͺ֮
Щֽ֮ʱȻһ֮ʱ쳹أཨĴҲˣ˸ǱͷĿѣæס˫
𡪡
֮ǧһزԺ֮֮
Ϊܷ֮λϸһָһæ˹סӵ֮ˡ
һ̣֮ϣЩȻϹޣһҲڱŵòֹȫ˻ȥһЩſڵϣУŵһҲҶ


0987 
֮쳹˼Ѿס˫һ춯صֱ͸Ԫһ㣬ѪӿֹڳЩޣŵýͷڵϣһҲҶ
ã֮ͣһԶȥأ
ƴʱ˫Ѫȫ۸ǣһ˿˿ħ֮ϴƬ͸ո֮쳹һʥ֮Уʱȫĺۣȴ͸ż˵а֮С
ʱڳеЩޣѲ֮ǰǰͣʱҲвſڵϣɪɪȻǱղŵ֮סˡ
͵ϹޣܹǱߣ˽Ƕ˻һһګګؿǰеİɾԷƸꡣ
ڱҸۡǱߣѽˣȡҵ鵤ҩ˵ˣֻ޸ϣбϣ϶ദطҧˣѪ죬ʮѪȿֲԱ߸˵˶ŵòס
ʱǰеԺˣҪж£Ϸ·һ㺮˪ŵԱߵܼҲҶˡ
Ƭֻ֮صϣŴʱǽһƬ޵ʬ壬Ҳ˵ʲôϾЩޣȥԡ
ʱԶȻдƬӰЩ٣ΪȥҲͣݵһЩˣΪҽʥҩʥλ
𣬺𡭡
߲ƣһĿ¶׹⣬һĳ֮Щ˵ǰߣɫ䣬صÿ³ҷ𡣡
ҷ𣬵ĸ֣ȴóвһղǾԿµ֮ƵĹ׹Ǵ󣬵جһ㡣
ʱԶҲˣݳǵλѣܸұһӡ
֮⣬ԲҪҪȥߣݳ£ݹֲ
ŴԣһǰЩˣʱɢˣҲЩ˭ô㣬չݣע̫˳ֻ棬ŲڵԼɣ
ΪҽʥҩʥλֻǡΪԼ
ǲΣɱһѪ·ҲضҪҽʥҩʥλ죬ǰǱ
Ŀ⣬Ƹ⸽Ⱦһ㺮˪ֲ˸˵ǰߡ
壬ߡ
һ£ְڶӴƲ㷭ӿǰȥ
Լһһ˲ųݣں棬ʼһ·ţм£ֻҪݣʱҲ޹ˣǲٲ˿
ݳ⣬عȥ򱱹˵лλһ·ͣĳ˾ʹ˸ǣλϣֹ
˫ָĿ΢΢һ˵ٻᡣ
ٶԣǰȥԼʮ֮󣬲ͣһɲǣֻЩδˮˣҲ䱸Ĵѭţһ˵Բԣôġ
ڴ˵ȺѣȻˣɡ
䵭Ҳ˫ĿѪϷһĳ
ڻ֮ʣֻɽȻӰ֣Щ棬ΪиеͣͽӵϢһ˱ضǣʶڴ˴غá
ʶȺɨһ飬ʱδз׼ʥǿߵϢ⸽Ȼ׼ʥЩ˾סҽʥҩʥλ׼ʥδҲ̫˵㡣
ΧԽԽˣλڴĳȥ·֪ĿΪΡ
ʱ˳˵ҵȽգҪðֻմҽʥҩʥλǰλҽʥҩʥλǰˡ
˵Եˮ̺ͲۿȥΧ˵Ŀ⣬һҲҽʥҩʥϣˡǵģҽʥˮ̣ҩʥۣ
ֻһСϵóҩʥ뷢ףò˥ϣδϣҽʥˮǻǧȴŮ˳Ծ
ʱվ˳ˮ̺Ͳ۹ֵҽʥҩʥλǰҵ֪ʮǰʮʥȫʧλǰ֪ΪΣЩλǰӲǷڵһ£֪һǶλǰ֪ʲô֪ҵȣ꣬ʲô
ģѯԽԽˮ̺Ͳ۶ü֮£Ǵ˿ܹ˵ģЩҪĻ´и˹ˡ
λϣҪ󷨣Է𣿡
ʱݳδȥųߣһԱ˼ӣĴ⽫һսǱ߾ݳ̫Ǽ׼ʥǱߴˣֻݳǱȻܵӰ졣
ܴʱһѾǣλü˿и
ݳ̫ˣ׼ʥһУɽѣսȻݳ
Ըȥ̿󷨣ʹݳǲӰ졣
˫ü壬һ̵ϣܴҪʲôˣݺͱ޹أ˼ΪݳϣǾͱȻҪ֤ݰȫӰ졣
ǡ
ǵӹ˹֣ԶȥˣλֻعͷųʮﴦһƬѹѹӰֻ˱²ףΪҽʥҩʥλȻҪֵˣ¶롭Ҳ򵥡
ŴԣԱ˶ü˵ΪҲǲˣȻȥλʥᲢۡ
ˣ׼ʥ֮ǿҲͬǱѰ˴ʱȴǿߣȻҪˣҲǵ֮һȻܷȫˣҲ˵úܡ
ʱʮﴦΧۼԽԽˣһȥѹѹһƬס
ȻУȻ֪һ󡰶塢塱ıʹΧȺһ¾Ͱ
ȻǱġ塢塱𣬷·涼ȴʼղ֪Ǵĸ
ɻ֮ʣͷκ˵ĻֽƮ
⡭
ЩͻȻ֪ƮĻֽڳ˽һ㶣ЩֽԲԲǷյֽǮǴɹģ
壬塭
ǹֱҲ·ܵظﴫԽԽȴֲ֪ǴﴫڳˣеһͷƤ顣
ʲôˣװŪ
˵ͺ˳Ҳ˻˵֮ʱһЦԶһƣ̫ƽ
ڳˣʱ׹Ԩֻеһɺ֮⣬˲ӽŵ͸ͷˢһ±òҰס
ǱߣȻǱλΪ׼ʥĳϣɫҲȻ䣺ˣ


0988 
һƣ̫ƽ
ص⸽ɽʹ죬Ҳһɭɭĸо
һΣȷķ򣬷׷ȥֻķ򣬲֪ʱӰȴһһڡ
׵Ǹһ£ǲҰۣͷһɫñдšһơ֣һɫĿɥ
ڵǸһ£׵ǸȫȻ෴һɫĿɥñдš̫ƽ֣ɺ쳤ࡣ
˵ģװ˵ȻǺڰ޳ˣڰ޳ܵظģ˼ܣ
ǡˣ
һ̣˽һԶǺڰ޳ˣղŻԶֻգۣ˾ѽǰ϶ΧƮŵЩѪɫ䣬ֽǮһĻʵǹ
ˣڰ޳
ڳһЩΪߵߣһ̣ɫҲȻ䣬һΣҲˣ
ڰ޳һӡ֮Ԩ߶һξ˫˫ĪǾǹˡ

޳һаЦݣƺ޳ǰɥŸһɺĳͷ
תۼ䣬ѾһǰߣΧˣȥˣ
ĻһǡɱڳģûһӵˣԴ˿̣ԭǰߵˣʱѸȥˣȥڰ޳˵·
һ̣޲ľǱߣԱΪ׵ˣҲͬ͸ż־ɫû뵽һҽʥҩʥλһ£Ҳˡ
ˣԨߡ֮Ԩߣһ޵Ԩ޾ףǵ£ڣԨ֮ԨߡԨ
֮ԨأʶˣĹҲʮڳˣϳ˾磬˰һζɡ
Ĵʼ֮ˣš桱˵ʼֻǷһϿڰ·
һȴַһ֮ҹ֮أɲɣǰ˻֮ء
ԨѰһϹ飬ʧİ˱֮һ
ۼ֮ʶϰ湦ճΪŷɥ档
飬ȻҲһ潫ȡΪߡ
дţǧǰ뵱ʱԪһλ־սʤ֪Ժ󣬱Ҳûټ
ˣû˾֪˲ǿߣˡ֣ȴȵʱ࣬ģҲԶȵִʱࡣ
ˣģ֮Ѳ֮ԨĵطǱ鲼˵λʥ˵Ըȥһڡ
Ҳʮ˵ˣ˵Ĺһˣ̤һֱ˺ľɢ֮䡣
ʱ쳣£˶źһźڰ޳һ߽
ڰ޳ˣ˵ˣұ׼ʥʵû˸Сˡ
ߣ
ĿϣԵõȻ
ʶȻѲΪܸߣⲻǹؼؼע⵽ˣʱ˶ɫԼҽʥҩʥλڸղ˳ֵһɲǣɫ䶼¶˼־
ô˵Ӵ󣬶ղţƺ˵ˡ֡
ˣڰ޳
һֻ̣ˮ̺Ͳɫ쳣ǲۣʱȥˮ̸Ҫţû뵽ҲҪǣһΣЩ鷳ˡ
λǰصġ
δ˴ȥһʱҲǺڰ޳ˣȻ˲̫Ϥƾˣܹڳȫס˾ǵС
ǺǺǡ
˿̣޳ǴŹЦݣδȥͻδˣĿΨˮ̺ͲϣЦҽʥҩʥ겻λ
˳Լˮ̺ͲüͷһøˣˮǹɭɭˣҶûκιϵոΪζ
Ҷˣҽʥҩʥλȥ֮ԨǶλޱ£Ǿ߰ɡ
޳ĿϣɭɭЦ
⡭
¶Ϊ֮ɫ˼Ƭ̣˵¡Ҷˣղˣʵ˵ɣˮ̣ˡ
Ŵԣ˽ԸеһҪˣһû벻ģ治ȥĻսֻһǾ
ܵõ㽫֮һ˵硣
Ǻǡ
ֻ޳һЦλˣձҹĻ˴ߣ֮Ԩʲôá
㡭
˵ҹĻʱˮ̺Ͳ۽ɫһ䣬ΧˣһãȻ඼״ʱ޳˵ҹĻָʲôǺݳҵλϣƶǶ
͸Ӳ֪⡰ҹĻʲôˣΨԱߵĻδ룬ո޳˵ҹĻʱ΢΢ü
һֻ̣ˮ̺Ͳ˵ɫЩףһ˵ʲôˮȴȻֹסŰ޳ҩʥˡ
ʱһֱɥŸĬĺ޳ˣǽܹǳɹʥأ
ŴԣΧһʥǶԣңɼĴ˵ɷ֮þǧѣ˵˵ѣ
ˮһЦĪ˵ҪһΣȴʥǸ֮Ԩǲȥġ
˵˹û˿أԱ߲һļҪ棬Ȼˮ̻һ˵֮ʱ޳ϵЦ˲ʧȡ֮ģһ˪ĺ䣺ô¿ֻ붯λˡ

һ֣Χ˽һֻ޳У˲һöѪɫľƣľӡ˹ģҲз֣͸һ˵ĹС
֪ڹҲСһԻԻɱ
öôǲͬСΪյ֮ˣ˵ʮĹ֮㲻Ҳôӡ
ɱͲͬˣΪɱĳˣ׷һɱζţɱ֮ˣؽ⵽˵׷ɱأӵﶼûãɡ
ڰ޳һöɫǡľû뵽淢ǱҪҽʥҩʥλ֮Ԩ
ˮ̡ۡ
Ȼ޳һ䣬ָһһѪɳʱˮ̡۶˵д档
һɲǣΧʱ쪣Х֮ڶһöдˮ̺Ͳֵһ±ѪйӰ֣Ѹٳ˷˹


0989 ֲ
һɲǣˮ̺Ͳ˽ԱɫΧ˸޲¶֮ɫֻѪ⣬쪹һ㣬ֱ˷ȥһ˲䣬ȴһ죬ȥ
Ա߻δɫʱһ䣺Ҫ
ͽȥԶ˸һŹµ߹䣬һд˭ֻ֣ȥӣǴģ
ڵʯһ˲䣬ֽסöһɲǣԲʮ˷㾲˶ס˺һҲؿöѪơ
δһס˺ؿڲȻʱңʮֽš
ˮ̺ͲˣǾŵؿֻöУȻѪ󣬵Ĺ䣬Ȼ޷ʴֻвХ֮Уȴѳ
⡭ô¡
˸ǰһĻѵǼٵĲɣڰ޳ҲǼٵģĻһҲûС
˻ǣɣ
Ǻݳλ¶֮ɫжԲ˵ȻΪǣҲȥƣرɡ
ΪΣһȥ˿Ҳ޾Ĳ߹䣬ƺҲ޷ɡ
˽֪ǡߡǵƪжԲ˵
Ȼδܽȫ򣬵µġ߹䡱ҲǵУ˵׼ʥʥҲ˵ȫΪξ˿Ҳޣ
λɫ󣬳Ѿֻأ֮УܲɾһʥҲˣСƾʲôܹ
Զڰ޳Ҳɫһ߹ʧЧе˼
ʱˮ̺Ͳ˻ЩδöѪŲԶڰ޳ˣصĳ˽ˣˣˡ
һΧ˽΢΢һ⻰˿δ˷ܿ˷Ӧ˹֮Ҫ֮ֻΥˣ׼𡭡
¡Ҫ֮ԨΪУ޳ص
ΪУ̸ϡ
˴һԾ£ߵ˺ڰ޳˵ǰ
һ̣ոǱýԶ˶Ϣ񣬺ݳλüŲ
ֻöָһڰ޳ȥֻǱҽʥҩʥλǰǱκҪǣѵӦʱ𡭡
Ŀںڰ޳ϣһҲĽ棬ˡ
ŴһΧҲ˪˽ֻöѪɫ˳ȥͬʱһĻһ±㽫ġˮ̡ۡ͡ȥˡ
һ̣˶ס˺֮ô
֪ΪΣʱǶеһĪӱ˵֮ԨǶԣһֿ־壬ôǰ֮Ƕԣһֺ䣬һ׹ԨĳǺ䡣
ʱݳЩӶеһ䣬Щ벻
һأˣǰˣΪֻö̶ʮʱ䣬Ԫ񣬹һ˼
شձ˪һöȥֵ˻ȥʱվںڰ޳ǰ˫ΪΣƣȴǸ֡
ڰ޳˾Ҳ£ȴһ֮ʱվǰֵµ񣬺ڰ޳Ȼˡ
˵Ҫܽˡ
ͻȻ޳ɫһ䣬кɫɥһ̧δʩչʽһֱ֣ٿȻһŨŨһ֮˲䳯޳ȥ
ããҰʱ
ǡ
Ա߰޳ɫһ䣬˲Ϣ޳ߣ˺Žɲֵ֮棬ΧĻľ̼ήˣһ˲䣬
⡭
ԶҲһĻˣæȥǵΪԲͣȻܹܳʱӿɢȻǲ֪һʲôȴ·һļɵ
ǡ
ݳڣλĿʱʩչģʲôΪΧĻľҲһ˲ʧΪ˵ĺڰ޳ˣҲɵ

޳ºȻһ˾ӵŲȾܹͨݱֲò߹һҲûУ
Īǡ
ߣ¶ɫһҲʲôԱˮĿȴһϣ˫ü΢鲻䡣
ʵˮƹѾˣڣһڳ˵һ޶
һ޶Ҳ˷ɣҪҵһһ޶ģȥ֮ɡ
ǲ


0990 Ļ
ֳȥ޳ץź޳һԾ뿪ǲַΧ˵Ȿ£֮Ȼݲ½գʶˡ
ԶȻδֻĲľԿήˣڸոһ˲䱻ʵ
ʱĿ⵭ȻԶڰ޳ˣҪʲôܣ£Ҳܹܵˡ
һ仰Χһ̲˶еһҲ֪⸽ǷʲôڿǰһĻ
ǺǺǣǡ֮գǻټġ
޳ЦЦȻһΣͺ޳̫СƶԷˡ
ʱ֮ƮɵĻֽ֮У˲䲻Ӱֻһġ塢塱ٶȻԶȥ
ʧ֮һԾ׷ƮƮϡ
һΣΧ˲ǰǰȥ·ˣ⸽ǷŸûһʱ֮䣬Ҳ޷϶Σþ뿪Ƿ֮Ϊá
ʱǰߺȻӰٶ˲Ϣǰȴǰˡ
ϡ

΢΢ͷҿ·ҹӰˣߵ˸ҿǺݳҲӴʧ߷Χ⡣

һ¹˪һѾһɽ֮У溮̹ǣ˿̼˶һɽ棬ΨҹӰˣ濴ء
Ҫ죬ٻҪʱ䣬ڼĻǾͲ֪Ҫʱˡ
ǰض֣Ҫ˳ص죬һ
ҹɫȻ빬ҽʥҩʥλǰݺȥǼݳǵģ
ŴԣδüһһǺΣգ
֮ƣֻˣҵ˻΢ٶȳĻֻ²׶Ը
ɽ棬һ˰ˮ̺ͲҲǶҲû뵽һΣôҪǡ
ҹԽԽɽ磬洵˼ٴοڵ֮ǰǱֿԥ
ڣ̧ͷҹӰǰ𽣬ʮţһηͬСɣԳ⣬Ǳػݾϡ
ϷġǻСĵġ
˵ͷһݻװδ֮˵ãκ˿ֶߣˮ̺ͲۣҲЩĿࡣ
һУʱ֮ĩʣ˫ѾݻװԳͬķȥˡ

ڻص죬ɸ߿֮ϵ죬ˮ̺Ͳ۶ЩȣʵϾһƬԶ볾Ĺ֮ء
ٺ٣Ҳۣؿǲˡ
Ʋ죬Ʋ֮Уɵʱ˸ǸܵһɼǿĽ֮Χէ죬ʹʱ
˴ϹʱڣµĽƣλǰؽš˵գһʱȥĽơ
ϣһƬƬ׷ɣӢͷףһһƮɣʵɾ졣
գա
Χɾһľ£ֻһĿ̲סޣ벻澳棬֮ء
μϣ
ʱǰˣЩĵӣһ㶣ʵЩĵӣ
ʱ歷Ȼһ±ܵˮ̺Ͳϵ׼ʥϢ澳ʮʥ棬ҽʥҩʥλˡ
̧̧֣˵λҽʥˮ̣λҩʥۡ
һǴ˵ҽʥҩʥߵĵӶЩȣû뵽Ͼ潫λˣһ¿ǲˣʱλ׼ʥһҽʥҩʥ
λǰ롣˵ֻ֮عˮ̺Ͳ˰˸ơ
һ·ˮҲɵð棬֮ʱָܵһɼǿ󷨽֮Ŀһɽʱʵǡ
Ǳ߹ȥƺʱħ֮͸ǰ뼸λǰǱ߲¸Է졣
ħ֮ɾ֮أħ֮
λǰ롣
ٴΰ˸֣Ǳȥ
ϣˮ̼ƻֺ꣬ȴʼմһֹºĸоϲ˵ȴ룬֮ӣɾͣҲȻеοɡ

뵽˴ˮֲ̾ʮָ꣬˷ǣˡѲڡ
һһ߽Ǳˣȴ溣ҽʥҩʥλ뵽ˣȻȲҪ
溣ãܡλҽʥˮǰλҩʥǰ
ˣˮŵϵҩ㣬ȻһȷҲͨҽ֮ˣʵλҲϰҽ֮ˣ
ʱ溵ĵǴΨһĴ򣬹ʶжҽ飬ʶٲݣ๬ǵ÷洫ЩϰþűྭҽѷǷ
ʱԵĿҽʥҩʥλǰǫ΢ЦԶһ
Ŵԣ¹ЦҽʥǰǧҪСλҽŶǡ
ȿȡ
˵ȥ溱һϣ΢΢һЦ㲻ҪȡЦˡ
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ʱˮվͲۿȥ˵ǰǿϾλǰҲöλǰܷҽΡ
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죬ҲԾԾԣߣȥ
Ƭ̺󣬼˹·壬ҩ֮£ʱ˻˯ˮ۲һҲ̲סü֮ˣһ
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𰿴˿عͷ˵ǱߣڣʯĴӣϡ
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ɫ΢΢һ˼һȥôڵˣ
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ˮ̵ȱˣСܱ֤ǰһ
ۻعٺһЦ⻹򵥣ö񵤡׼ʹǰһߣһʩ뱾£кѣ
Ц㱾£Ͳڶλǰǰ׳

۴ҡ֣Ѿͷ˵ôأ㻹ܱסһûˢӣ˵ȥ˭ţ
һЦȴ̲סһ̾๬ʹѣûзѵĻоҽҲܽ⿪֮֮ܽˡ

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ոաô£
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ҡҡͷ޷Ժλǰ˵µһ²һ¶λǰ
ˮ̼ɫصӣü΢΢һʵ£
ݳ棬Ǻڰ޳ᵽҹĻ֣ʱλǰӦƺЩ쳣֪ҹĻǡ
Ļ
Ȼδȿڽֵ˳Ļ֣ˮ̺Ͳϸ¶˾֮ɫЩŵؿŻδ롣
һ̣δɫҲʮˣһһ˵֣֯Ļٶǰ֯ˣĻ졯û֪ĻʵݣҲû˼Ļ쳤ʲôĿʾˣô
˵֮ˮ̺Ͳ˸ԭأһ۲عѾѾͷ㣬㵽ʲôˣ
ʱҲȥΪ֪ЩȴûԼ˵ٶǰΪξ֪ٶǰ顭
ˮĿϣ˵£ҵһμδʱ򣬲֪ΪΣ;δЩϤաǷ
Ŵԣ۸һ㶣ѵСѾͷٶǰֹ֪Ļ֪֣֪Ļˣôܡ
һ˵ģʼղģڲزסͬȻͷ׷ϢҲѿһˣˮ̾ŮϢȴмꡣ
СѾͷ
ԽԽԺθӦСѾͷ϶ûмϢȥȷȷʵʵֻһСѾͷѣôܡ
ǣֶΣƭӦãӦһ֮ˡ
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ʲôݡܹˣֶͨ
һ˲䣬׹Ԩһ㣬ֻе͸£ʥҲδõ
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δֿԼ˫üһһ»عסȥƵġ
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δһģʹҡҡͷ˫˦ֿıգʹˣʹˡ
ס԰
ֵؿ˿һûУѲɸղһУȫԼ룿
Աˮ̼Ϳģüʲô
ͷŻδٶǰʱ㻹ûг֪Ļģ
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ˡ
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һΣˮ̳˼ã֮ǰԸ֪̫飬죬һУĿָıˣǹ֮ӣһСӣЩ飬֪
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Ȼἰף֪ΪΣֻеЩʹԺֳָģģӰӡ

ˮ̼֪꣬ĸΪжߣʮʥҲĶ֡ԣһˡ
һˣ
üһˮ̵˵ͷˣʥǵʱʮʥ棬Ψһܹ㸸׽֣֮ڶδܵˡ
Ŵԣüøһɲǣ길һ»飬ʵǰ֪ˣ
ˮҡҡͷ˵һ֣˼ĿҲ֪ʵݣضۣ˿òҲ治
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ʱƺΪ塱Ҳ˵һָоֻЩԣǸĸĻȻҲϲɡ
ꡭĻʥ
һɲǣƵʯһ֮£ȻҪˮˡ


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̾˵ʥʵΣֻ㸸֪һҼһΣδܿò֮͸ϢȻ£ǷѾӽʥˡ
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ֻˮǰһ꣬ټʮʥ׷ɱ㸸׵ˣʥ
ʥ
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ˮ̵꣬㸸һ컯֪죬һ;Ƕ컯㸸һ컯ʥҲֻһ֮ѣ컯ʥв֮
˵˴ͣһʮʥ棬Ψ㸸ܹʥͥʥɹ㸸׵컯ôʮʥУ֣ҲȻʥó֮ĿģҪ컯
ߡ
Цһ컯֤Լĳ磬ǿʳ磬ѪȲп磬Ƿ̫ƽ²
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гħնʬΨնϵģ
һߣڳҹĻҹĻ֮£˶ٿӰڰ
δüʵϣûһ֪ʥʵ𣿾Ļ֪

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ˡ
δͷһˣκ˶֪ݺͶô˵ĿģȻֹһͬ飬˵Ǳţ鱩¶˿һжΪ˱𣬵ȴ֪ʵֻĿģ˿ʥ׷ɱ壬ΪҪ컯ʵĿġ
˴ˮ̺Ͳ˽ඥһ㣬Ȼʲô૵СѾͷȻôҶΪû뵽һ㣿
пˡ
δü΢һߵԣ˵ǸʥݣһǱ֪ˣԣĿ֮һпɱڡ
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һ̣ˮ̺Ȼһ䣬˵д֮ϣʥշεرʥ˵һ仰
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˵˴ټ˵ˣʮְֻ紵Ҷ
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·һۣܹģȴϤӰһ̫ܳˣʮʥǰ;ʥֻһ֮䣬һУ˶ˣңҲ˼š
ֻĸףʱĸ׻صռңٿɱǣûУˣûʱ뿪ףȻʱĸףѾһС
ϲԣǿйһ˿һĹƽϲԿɶǿйһ˿һ
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ʱܵϴĺϢˮ̲һ΢΢üòʵЩꡭлعңҹҵ𣿡
Ŵһһ±øӺˣƽ￴ȥǺͿĲۣʱʶʲôѹ£˵ûаֹϵʱˮ̵ɫҪĺĺˡ
ң
һŴ£Դһ˿䣺Һθɣ
ˮ̲ټ׷ȥˣֻЩ춼Щ˽⣬֪ʮʮǰϵһЩ飬ֲ뵽ᣬڵʱΪݣ񡭡
ˮδ뿴ȥɣҲݲһӶˣ˶ⶣ̲ס̾ϢҲ̾޳컯

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ֻɫͻȻЩ΢΢ףüҲһƺ֣δ֪ڵʬħˣɽҹΪλƵ
ԣϢǡ
һɲǣҲƲʲôһǰץ֣һۣ֮ϣһ糤ĺ֡
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ɫЩ԰ףȴǿԪһƺٴνʬħѹȥ
ֱãϢȫɢˮ̺ͲЩ֮ɫѾµʲôȴȥǷ롣
ʬħ
գɻδ뽫˵˳
ˮ̺Ͳٴһ䣬ȻŶѾµ֣ʱδ׿˵̲סһ
ϡʬħ
ʵţѰ֮˻ʬħʲôˣѵʬħж£ѵЩǿƾһ֮ʬħѹ
һ̣˿ʱ񣬸ǴһֲţѰ֮˵Ļ꣬һһ糤֮󣬴ʬħȫΣؽȴʬħѹˣ
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𾪷ǳʬħʲôһССӤȻտʼȴܹöã
ѾʮˣʬħȻݷ״̬ûܹαѵƾ־ֿ𣿲޿ܡ
ֻһֿܣˡѹסʬħкˣ˲ܹ˱£
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ۣԺֳָ֮ʱһĻĻһ죬š
ʦͽԵ߰ɡ


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˴һڷʮ꣬ʲôҲ֪ΨҹʱһЩجΣȥţһЩ飬𽥸֡
˵֮ˮ̺Ͳ۶ü꣬Ǻڴʬħ˴һССӤҲŹĿʲô
˭˭һСƺ񶼳һա
ҹɫعˮ̺Ͳ۵ҹλǰȻȥЪϢɡ˵գδ뿴ȥδ룬λǰȥ罧ɣ£˵
á
δ˿մˮ̺Ͳˣȥˡ
ҹ죬뺮Ĵ˽ԶȥʧӰһ䣬ϥ£ȫԪܣγһֵ⡣

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ʮ죬ߣô֮ϣǹº
ɫ¹⣬̨̲ޱߵˮأһǳǳĺˮԣǵӳš˼ɾ
ˮص룬һСһϳ껨л·ͨɽ磬̲˵ɫĻꡣ
ÿÿϱһƬƬ׷£棬ݴļϣϡ
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һвǳȴĿʾˣڵġһգô
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Ǻ֮УȻһ̶ЦֻصѵˣѵӦô֪ǴˣȴҪڿ²Ϊף²ΪôǺǺǡ
ЦԽԽֻ˵ʮǰ۶ԪڸסڵʬħϢɽһ帾⼸ˣʬħҪΣ㻹סôǺǺǡ
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ʬħζΡǺǺǺǣŶҵˣһҲΪ䷲䣬㣬ʣǰɷǰķܹپô
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ǺһΣЦȻЦ֮Уȴ͸һɿɱĲ֮С
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Ц֮ص̨̲һԪ۶ɵʬħΪƾһ۶֮ܽӡס棡ǺǺǺǡ
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Цֵֹǣ㲻ϧľ۶˥ʬħֻҪڣȻסһʱȴסһʬħȫ֮գҲ֮ʱʱ⿪ǰȫӡֹֻɱµȥ㻹ɱ𣿹
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䣬ǺֶȻһƣɿ̨̲ȥ񵭵´ξ硭ƻԪɡ
һ˵ֻֽ꣬ӡһӡ˲ɳǺӡȥ
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ʱȻһϸϸĿԪ뿪ξֻ֮¹£ˮżСȹŽţһ߲۾һ˹
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˵˴̧ͷ˫ü΢ʦСʵΪʲô˶˵ʦħͷΪʲô˶Ҫ
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ǱʹһѾף䣬Ȼݲͻδһ
֮ϣ棬üһλ糤ϣк˵һ仰
Щһ϶ɱ˵ˣվһһι
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ˮһ˫ۿÿÿʦ֮ʱʦǲ˵˿̵ҹҲóĬ

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һĵŮֻδ˽һ覣ڴ¹ҫ£һ㵭ɴ
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δ֣ḧϣﲻ֪ΪΣȻһʹѾˣģȴȻԼ
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Ϊʲô֪Ļ
ĺ紵˽ʵδһ̧ͷֽͷ΢΢һƫص¹⣬С˵֮ǰ˵ôҪ鵽Щ£кѡ

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δһ̧ͷԭΪЩ飬ˣԭһֱС
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ҡ
һɲǣδԺֻĳǸغ׼ʥĻĵ۵ķϣҲɱ㣬ȥĵһã⣬λ˾Ǻǡ
Ĺм˵гһգ֪ˣٶǰ˼ǳͿ̿ڱΪĵһҪ˼磬㵱꣬ǹӽǺǺǺǡ
һɲǣδ׹̶ֻеһϮһ¿ϣӣҪ˺𡭡

һ̣иˣʲôˣʲôˣΪ˶˵ʮħŮ
δС鲻֪һת˱زݣˣգֻܻһˣСãģϸ𡭡
δعصһգϵ˺ˣҾһȥȥ̽ģ裬ȥ仨䡭
һգ㿴ѩµʱ򣬻ܹľ֮ѩǸδĹ
һ˲䣬һ۽£ҲŲһ£˫磬һ̿ģȴա
ϲ㣬ϲ˼Ҫϲһ죬Ҳˣңȥ˼Ļ䡭
ߣ·һģǾһ˫ţµģҽʥҩʥˣһܹκϵˣҲˣˡ
ҹޱ޾֪δһĵ̾Ϣ

ڶգЦصʮʥҽʥҩʥˣȻҪȥ̫æպ´磬Ȼҽʥҩʥ죬Ҳ֪
գЩ죬˵ֵʱˣԪħ澳ĸѾ֪ҽʥҩʥˡ
׼ʥԪһȻ󲨣죬˼ɵˣʵȻС˵ССԪ򣬱ĺ˻ģҲӡ
ʱĴħ֮һħİص߻ްħɫģԱֳȵӣεˣʮ֮ߡ
ô
ħɫѣЩʵʵ̫Ѹˣ¸ɣĿãŶ̶̼ꣿλ׼ʥǿ
ȴħǰʱǿȥʮɣЦ꣬ʵȻǿ࣬Ҳв٣ʵΪ˶񡭡

ħĿ⣬̧ƣ۵ļڻħһʮأߣ
һֻعͷǰĳľħѾڼˡ
һЦĿ⣺Ϊأ
ħĿһۣԷԨף
ֻǰȥĿڵСӣΪ̲ҵߡվ̫ˡ
Ц


0994 
죬ϯ֣ƬƬһڿУľףξһ㡣
δ歷Լ¹һ֮£Ц޼䣬ʱȻҴ߽ӣСڻδߵ˼䣬ִҴˡ
歷˼ɫ˱仯üʵδ롭ôˣ
δһЦҡҡͷû£ϯɢȥ˵
ȵʱϯɢˣ죬˻δһֱĺɫ֮ʱ˲Ŵ
ǰȫδԷһЩʵ֮ǰϢȷ
ɫأ˵ͷʵ£𣿡
δ΢΢üԶһۣҡҡͷûС

ҹ֮ʱѾߵòˣտյĵϣɢɢżֻ򷭵ľס
ӵ˳һ󣬰˽Ѵˣʱӵ˹֣ϡ

΢΢ͷʱע⵽˻ˣҲע⵽δϵı仯ֻʱ˶ڣѯʷ˺£ضʲôҪ֮¡
ʲô𣿡
˿˿Ŀ˻δϣֻδü΢ֹ𽿴ȥ𽣬˵
ϡ
أ˵ǻ֮ʱ̽ڿܻǲƺˣһˡ
Ŷ
˫Ŀһܸоڲ򵥣֮ǰ񽣹ȣ£ûȥҶԷˣû뵽񣬶Էҵͷô
ˣж
Ա߼˶һۣ˵գȥ顭
ˡ
һ̧Ȼδ¿̫أδ뿴ȥ˵δ룬⼸Ҳˣһ£ͲصˣǸԻӦЩʱյƺˣҽʥҩʥλǰ㿴ϵĺˡ

δ˵ͷ
һʮƽߺȻȥɣǼǿ䱸Ǵ˴ϮпǶȡ֮
ϷģһСĽ䱸ġ
𽹰˹֣·Ǳ߿˿عͷ˵ȥΡ
ȥɡ
˵ͷĿ뿪Ӱòתصȥ
ļգ춼ల£ҽʥҩʥ֮£Ҳ𽥻ָˣ³죬һʧ⣬Ȼһ¡
һգصﾲδܸӦ仯Цˮ̻вˣԼδ歷˵ˣȴӦˡ
֮棬һǵڴ˴컯ʶ겻׹
һ棬ҲЩĴۼ֮֮ȫ壬ĸҲ֮һˣؽӰ쵽ȻҲᱻ
ǻĹǱߡ
˿̵Ĵϣ£δ歷ˣа˽ڣ¹üĹȵƺƶˡ
˴ֻȻȥü˵ҼǵòĹȺ̣ǰͳչİɣ
ϻңѵ㣿
ȻڻԼվϸ˿һۣ˵ĹǱ߳⣬ھ͹ȥô£ػһ
˵ֻ꣬歷˺ͻδ빰˹֣ȥ歷ֽסʹҿѰղµ˼Ҳǡ
˲˵ˡ
Ȼֹס˵ȥֵһһ˵ĹǱҵ˳⣬ԻᵣЩˣûŪʵȥ
ô˵أ˭ȥˣ
¹һۣȻȴֱȥ˴˲ֽƻ¹ҿģ֪͵͵ƻʲô
ȿȡ
歷˿£˵䣬ʱ䣬ʹΪɵ飬Ҳ˲١

棬һӼȻСͳ죬歷ô˵
˵˵˵˵ƨ»ûü˵ȫŮ˸ˡ
Ȼͷҡҡ֣ͷ⣬
ȻһۣߵҳҪŮͷϿ仨
ã˰ɡ
ͷЦ˼¹ȣ˱Ƕ࣬ҪͳҲ˼Ұ
٣ô˵
Ȼһ̧ͷһ£ҵֻȫѣһСС¹ȣĳ˻û˵˲˵ˣߣ
ߡȥĶ
ȥģȥţȥȥ

ӵʱŵһȻҡҡͷһεӣϻȻȥĹˣǱ֮⣬֪ˣϸ˽Զֻ鷳
⡭
ͷ͵͵һۣѹǻϽȥҪ£ֲǣҪҲǷһˡ
Ⱥ쵰
Ȼһ㺮˪֪˽ҶҷǰƤɡ
˵䣬Ѿ£ʱ漱ҴܽһˣɫҴҵӣȻһվס

˱ŵòЩˤڵأͳ죬æͳͳͳ
ͳͳͳͳð˵ĹǱʲô˭ﶯӷǳĽɣ
Ȼ˸ŵɫɷף´ʲ壬Աߵ˹ȥһϣЩû
ãˡ
̿ˮɫɷ׵ոյϢĹȡĹȱˣˣȫˣһ⡭
Ĺȡˣ˭ӴĵطҪˡ
ȻɫɷףҲһ亹δ˵꣬Ƕ˻һת˻ȥ
ͳ죡
һʱҲŵ޴룬æѶʵ֪ǺΪ
֪Ҳŵɫɷףľ

棬飬ȻȻ˽ʹõһ°¹ЦӴͳѧϵ˲Ǭأôͻˡ
һΣȻȴû˼ˣֻɫɷףͷһ亹歷˼˻Ƶģüʵʹôˣ
Ȼɫɷף̿ˮصĹȡĹˡ
˵ʲô
һɲǣϰ϶оɫ¶һؿ
歷ȷӦٴʵ»ڣ
Ȼҡҡͷһڡ
⡭
˸һǺΪֻΪȡ֮ʵûбҪţȻǳ


0995 Ů
һ̣ޱȵ£˽쿪δŹһⱱӡ꣬ڼ䱱Ҳδܽһš
һΣԷڣһţֶ֮ݣԸӣضǳ
ڡ
δüһ뵽Ȼڣ¹ܣ׽
ֻǻĹȵʵҲͬʱķ󷨣˵Ӧֵܵһӣŵ֧ԮȥλĹֱӱģԮĻᶼûУֶ˺
λ׼ʥһλȥˣпּ̧ȣ澳Ԫǧల£Ŀǰԣ澳׼ʥǿߣ޼ɵسɣλ׼ʥûг
ųλ׼ʥǿߵĻкⱾ£̼һ
ûµģ񽣹СҲͰˣһ㡣
˵Ļôܾ֮ǰˣһΣ˸Ը죬Ĺȱ𣬶Ϊˡ
£Ҫ֪𣿡
£𽿪ʵ»Ĺȱ˶ߣҲȫ϶Ϊ»Ҫȥ顣
ʱ
δҡҡͷǰЩϵʬħҪȶ˵ھš
˵˴ſڵȻȥֵʹĹһ£ȥ飬ǺΪ𣿡
ңȥȥȻûˣ˭Ҳ
Ȼ򶨣ȴŵòУܹһ¾˻Ĺȣ˺εȥСһЩԷãԷˣмʤ㣿
ҿ·СͳһЩף磬Ҳһͬǰȥɡ
ʱ¹Ҳվɫδ뿴£𣿡
Ȼû⡣
µһЦȻǱ߿һۣȻƲԼЦ¹ɵñԼͷҿɹܲ㡣
¹Цͳ챣ԼˣΪĻƺһ֮ϡ
歷֪·ͬСɣ˴˿ȴЩ£ü˵˽С£ԷΪ֮ϣмǲǿͬʱҲҪݾߣ빬𡣡
˷ġ
¹˹֣ȻһۣȥȻҲԣ̸ųȥˡ
ϣԾ£歷˺ͼλ߽üһε飬²Ʊ濴ȥô򵥣ǲȻڰвٿʲô
죬ʱ޿̶ڽ䱸֮У̶ʱ䣬澹˸ˡ
һ£ȻҲȻ󲨣촴δ飬ʱ䣬ţ֮౻ԷᣬȻǳʵ
Ȼ¹ϢԷȷʵڵˣֻΪϴ񽣹һµĻδԵò̫

ڽ֮ʱȻһ˴Ҵ˽歷˫üʵ˵
ˡ
ɫɷףŻŵӣ˶üֻղͳ촫ϢڵˣѾ޶ɽˣͳ¹˵޶ڣ֧Ԯ

歷üԽԽ˵޶ɽڣɽ۽ƴѹһƣԷɳֱ룬ֱ֮
˵˴ɫǱδ뿴ȥ˵δ룬Ǳ֣ǰ޶ɽ޶ڵʵ֧գȻơ
ʱδɫʮֽţһͣ䱳벻򵥣ڱס޶ɽ˵
⼸գ歷ȻҲĴɵϢЩѾеʱֻһ£ǧȻ̸޶ɽ֧Ԯ
ʱΪ⣬δ歷Ҳ޶ɽȥˣЦЩˣȻ죬ԷֹԷɽ
޶ɽı棬Լǧ֮ң챱һչأֻҪ޶ɽƣӱȡ֮ǲܡ
޶ɽѦ޹㣬ǰչģЩ굣űҪְҲĹ
磬޶ɽϷԲΪһ֣֮󣬶ɽƣȫ
һɰĽ֮޶ɽҲʹ޶ڹˣڣѦ޹Ҳδɹһ
ѦصģˣѾڸ;ˣһʱִܵ
֣¹˵
Ѧ޹ЦЦ˵޷ˣѦĳҲض޶ɽ˺һ
ˣʵǣһ̶̫ͣ죬޶ɽ۳һĽ󷨣ɶԷȫԹֻ¶Ҳصס
һʱϷʣȻƲ㷭ӿֹһǿϢ˽޶˽Ի̻̲
صģǹͷˡ
¹ϱߵʣܿ죬дƬӰ֣Ƽ歷˺δ빬Ѧ޹˴򿪽󷨣ǽˡ
⣬ʮ̵ˣԼһЩ֮µ١
һأ˶ǰ֧Ԯ޶˽һҹģҲͬʱʣƲҲȻӿ֮ģͬһǿϢ
⣬ˡ
ûü歷˵˴кѦ޹Ȼһ䣬Χ󷨡
޶ɽеɽܣγһĽƷ󣬶ƣҲ֮ӿէէ֡
ɽ۳ɽƴ󣬲ƣһ
ʱһ治һѦ޹λѵˣ
ڣϡ
űֻɽ⣬ȻһƬѹѹӰǧ֮ࡣ
Ǵˡ
¹üͷһ壬δҳȥˡ
ȵȡ
һɲǣδǲʲôԾֻһϣΪҲжߣԼ򲻹ʲô£
ʱԵļߣȥΪҲǺܸߣԶԶʯƾЩˣ±
һ̣δĿʱ֪һɺ֪һɱһ޶ˣ뺮̶һ㣬⺮Ϣ£̲ס
Ϊ͵Ѧ޹㣬һɫҲ˲òҰףɲ֪ĺϢ·ҪϢһ㡣
ʲôˣ
δȲɺȥĿ⣬ֻЩˣԭЩ޶ɽ󣬸ոջЩţʱɺ£·һ㣬æÿˣ϶ûٶ˵һ仰ԵļߣѸһÿˡ
ડડડ
ĽŲصɽǰȻûһ仰ʱһɺȴ˲أʹ歷˺Ͳӥ桢ڤ桢ѪӵˣҲ˸̼׹˺Ԩһ㡣
ֻڵͬˮһ㣬Ѹÿˣм䣬һӰɽǰĽŲ̤ÿ˵棬ֻ˸еޱȵѹϢ
һѪɫĶۣòƺһŮӣǰߴ
󷨣֮֮ʱλһҲܻ
Ƕ֮£ȻһŮ֮䣬˲׹˺̶
һ̣˶Ǳĺסһ㣬һҲҷ
δҲ̲ס΢΢һñ˵˭ΪβĿʾˡ


0996 
ʲôˣ
δŮӣ֮壬ܵһĺ⣬Ĺضһ㡣
ʲôˣ֪˵
ŮǰţȻ䣬ĺ䣬ȴֳַֿᣬһ֣·ģԭûκһ˿һ飬ĺ䡣
ҲˣŸ˸еһϢѹ֣˶׹̶һ䡣
δ뿴ԽԽĹȡ̡ɷڡˡ
֮ˣܱһ󣬲ɱ¡
Ĺȡ̡ɷ֮ҲˣֻΪ֮ʵûбҪ޶ɽΪ޶ɽѹ乥޶ɽȥ׹µĵط
޶ɽһƣʧȥ֧֮ţؽʧ⣬ʱ˴ӱػɸ˺嶼п㵹һ㵹ʧȥһ֧ţʱ᧿Σ
̶һʱ䣬δеϵֵǣѵ𣿷ΪҪ޶ɽ
ڵʵҪ죬ԼҲܣȻܣֺαһ٣ܲǸ쾯ɣ
һɲǣδ뵽ʲôĪǰŮӣɱ˰£ʵ޶ɽģȴˣˣҪġ
ѦغطڣˣԸ
δǸŮӣһ˵ţһǰȥ
ڶסˣôƿĽ󷨣ʱںߣ歷˺¹˳ȥɫһϱЩ
˵ֻδһԾɽǰȥŮӣıŹأ˴֮һƻʧ⣬Բ˭նҪܹƴ˵ء
ŮȴԣһԾһɿɽǰʱʯɣһ֮ҲܵĹʱɽ޶ڵӣܹԸܳ
⵽Ѧ޹΢΢һ䣬漸λϵλϣ̴ȥȹ̸ţ
á
λϸԥ̴µӣǰ֮ȹ̽Ʒ󣬵δȴǰŮӼȻܹɷ󷨣ôȻǶһ˽⡣
޶ڵĽɽȻҲܲסЩ˹ȥ
ڵ߹޶ɽ󷨵ڣʱŮ任ţھͿʤһŮʤһ
˶֮£ֻһɽʯɿλɽһ
һ̣޶ˣڵЩˣܹܵһɼǿ󷨽֮
ȿµ󷨽ƣ˸׿вУ³
Դ˿̣޶˽棬һǧˣԶԶ棬֮ҿɽš
ɽŸΨδŮӸԶŷ˵ٶȾ˼ޣ˿ĿϾӡ
벻Ҳ˾ͨ󷨡
¹ɫòȻ֪δ뾫ͨһЩ󷨣û뵽ԭǸŮҲ㾫ͨ󷨣ֲܹɷǼ
ʱ˿̣һһ󣬵δܹģ˽ȥȻŮӿȥΪߣҲȻռϷ硣
һһҹʱ䣬ڶʱ򣬻δ亹乣ɫҲЩ΢΢ףȴŮӽš
Ůӵδ¶òȥƺΪɣ쵽ڣûĶٹ
޶ˣҲһҹʱҳһ£δ빬ȻһܼҲǾͨǸŮӾ˭ƺҪʤһۼҪȥˣ¸ΰ죿
˶ŵؿţѦ޹һԽԽףֻŮָһмһơ֣ʱһűƣδȻȥһţȷӦʱҲѾˡ
ƣ
ֻŮٴһָһűƣƴʱ޶ɽҲ
ԶһЦҡȣЦ˹ȻƵ󷨣ҲûʲôƲ˵ġ
ƣ
ŮӣѾ˺üţ޶˽ѺȻʧɫԭΪ󷨣ֵܵգɲһգδ빬ѾŲסˡ
ûδ빬Ļֻ㱻ˣȻ޶ҲúɷǼһűһ£ŮӾǺˣδҲ̫ˡ
¡
һ֧Ųסһ죬Ŷˣ֮УֻδҲŮӵһ˳ȥ
δ룡
歷ǰסδվ֮ɫЩ΢΢ףҡҡͷ̳棬ɽŮӣ˵Ĵˣ֮ֻܼϣŵֵסĹ


0997 ս
һ̣ɽǰֱ̳ʮߣ˿һУȻһĽŲȴ̤ڸ˵һϢ޷
ડડડ
ĽŲԽԽˣ޶ڵӶס˺ǾڤΪ͵ˣʱ˿̶ţһ̳档
ڣһӰˣһɺ⣬Ҳʱ׹Ԩһ㡣
ģ
Ѧ޹ʱӦ˹ȫһ϶ʱҲѪɫɽԱ߼λϸǽŵһʱ֮䣬Ϊš
ģ̳ɢȥˣֻŮվɽŹ㳡ǰһɫĶȾѪһ£޷µȴܸܵһ˫
ڤ桢ӥ桢ѪӵҲһ˲ԼķЩħݣҲѪսѽ֮⣬Ǵ˿̣ŮӣǸеͷһǴ˿ٶ࣬ж̲סĲ
ǲҵĶ֣ÿɡ
ص㳡ûκθ飬ȻʱʱҲܹܵǶĿ⣬ʵľ
˵֮ʱһӰȴϣֻĿɭ䣬޶ɨһۣԱߵŮӿ˿ƺղǾ仰Ϊ
ֻһҡȣһߵǸŮģˣɱˡ
˵ʱĿ⿴Żδ룬еˣȻָδˣԱߵŮӣȴûһ㣬Ȼһվԭء
ٴȥ˵û˵ȫɱ
Ļδ˵ֻŮһ죬նסĺɱֲ˵û˭ңøղŵ˵ҷ𡭡
䣬κһ˿飬ڵļ߶ʱŵɫɷףӣ

˫źǵͨ죬ȻҲˣΪ˵䲻ߣҲԲͣȻʱŮֻһ̧֣Ҫȡ練ơ
㡭ɱңô򡭡ôʦ
һһѵ˵ţѽ¶ʹ֮ɫЩڵˣٶŮӣʱҲһҶ
ߡ
ŮЦһصһ׼ʥҽɱˣΡ
ŴԣԶѦ޹˸һ˵һ׼ʥһ׼ʥһ׼ʥҲĿǰܹľ硣
絽ףͨ׼ʥرʵĿУȴˡ֣ʲôˡ

ǵͨӣϢ𽥱ɷףǺ漸߶ŵûɢڣֻŮһ죺
һط˳ȥԶһʯʨײ÷顣
ӣ
߶ʱظǰȥ˽ϷæŮӵͷ֣С޼ɣײ˹Īŭ
ŮûЩˣĿȻڻδϣʱڻδһЩˣ̲סΨδ룬ܹ治ɫؿǰŮӡ
֮κˣߡ
δһ˵꣬һȵϢ˲ӿɢ˳øˣҲǾһ
ŮӲٶԣһѪ⣬˲Ѧ޹˽һ׼Ůӳһ˲䣬ʱ𷨱赲˹ȥ
ݣ
⽣ӰϣѪӺ;ڤȻҲţͬЩɵĳϣ歷˺¹ˣһ̣ȫŮӹȥ
ɷɷɷ
ɽŹ㳡ʱХɽ۳ɵķ󣬷ȹ֮£ֻ޶ڶ˲ҷ
ʹˣҲҿȼսֻԶԶں棬ڵˣʱǴٹϣֻĿ䣬һ֮ǧڸ֣Ҳʱ
Щ˹˽޶ڵĵӣʮ̵ˣʱӭȥһʱ䣬üȻңϵ£еطս
𡪡
ڻս֮Уһ˷һֻϲ֮УȻһͷɾԣŵЩ˽Ŀʧɫľ
δʱȻҲ˳ȻǧЩ˶ԣһּ壬ԭˣʱĬĬ˻ȥ
ɽŹ㳡ϣиɶʮϣټѦ޹ͻδ롢歷˵ˣԸŮӾȻеʮֳ֮䣬мλش
ŮĹʵ̫ˣûκӲеˣĹжսȻᱻԷʽˡ
·ԷĹκι֮ϵĹȿֲĹʵǲó˼䡣
ɷɷɷ
Ȼ֮䣬㳡һѪǹѪǴŮ϶ʱ׹Ԩֻеһ˵ĵ֮⡣
ġҪЩѪ
δʱ˵֮ʣһѪ·һ˲仯һѪУϮˣ
壡
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歷ɫһ䣬ҪǰŮһϮʱ¹Զ
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ֻǰУӰȻһһʽ֮䣬ȴ˫˿أ
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ָ繳ٿȻһ죬ѳŮϵĶץȥնҪ˭
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0999 ѩ
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Զ˽Աɫһ֮ǿҲֱ棡
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Ա߼һͬ⣬ϿȥֻĿȻһ䣬ʾȫ롣
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һŴԣѦ޹ʼŷӦոսûãԸŮӣ϶һ𣬺βô˻Խ֮
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һǼͣɽת˲Ůĵ۹½ţʱǽ֮ʱȥƣ˲Ծ˳ȥ
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¹׷׷ʱѻһӰӲˡ

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Բǧãạ̃׷ŮӵĺϢһ·ˣʱչʶѰӰٶһ˲䳯Ϣķ׷ȥˡ
ֱҹĻᴹʱɽи͸һ˵ĹɭȻƱ˫۾һֱڰָо˵꣬һ·ֻʣɽɭɭĸо
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ĿһǶ£ȻʱҹĻ֣ӿǶµһˣԷԪʶҲ޷̽ȥ
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Ƕ£Ȼ˪ǱҲȻڲزס˫ԭе顣
һ̣ѾµԷ˭ˣԽˣԽһ֮
ΪҪΪ죬һƣڣǻ𡭡
Ϊеŭһ̣ҲЩˣ˫۸һضǰŮӡ
Ůϣȴʼûаֱ仯صϴˡ
ϴˣ
䣬һ˹ȥصǸո޶ڣδ۹ʱһβնȥ
Ůǰٿһ죬Ҫȥ¶ԷĶۣŮȴһɣһô֮£صٿɱ㡣
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Ŀһ䣬һٴǰŮӼϮҲȻﶷƬֻ̣ľ׷Ӱּ䣬ˣȴأԲʤ
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ݷ˵һǰţǰŮ̫飬Ϊ֮ˣҲܣܰԸԼһʲôԡ
飡飡飡
ٴζһ𣬱˴˵ȥ⸽Ļľ׷ɡ
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ȻһɲǼ䣬ʮʩչ˳ȥܵʱɽƲɵ
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Ȼ¹֮£ǲǧ˿ͷ׷


1000 ɢ
紵ǧ׷¹ѩһ覣ȻȴֻǾһƳգۣʧӰ
ǰ׷ȥȴһ˲Уɽ֣֪ʱһŨŨ£һʱƬ̣ҲȥǰߣҲûŮӵӰ
ǻɢ
ãһŮӵ𣬽ţɽֵŨɢȥˣȴδˡ
Σ׷𣿡
δֳַɻɡɽ֣ȻŸղһӰʧķҡҡͷ
Ȼ޶ɽɡ
תղһ˲䣬ֻŮһͷ׷ûܹò
δü΢˵ͷ˼ɽ޶ɽǱȥˡ
ҹĻһ·ϣʼɻ󣬸ոǸŮӣ
һ̣ǴΣξ棬Ǹ飬䣬붷µһģһ
ŮӣĻΪֲԼ
Ȼ䣬ǱĹ̫飬ֹ֮ʵ֪Ǻ²˼֮Ҳ룬Źϵ
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ӰǰͻδˣѦ޹ͼʱӭϣδ빬
±߸ŸɣƽＫܹҲ˪һ棬֮У±Щŵһѹ
ʱѦ޹ͼλ޶ڵĳ϶̧ͷý£ǾͲ֪ˣҲǹľġ
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ûˡ
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ºȻ˹֣ٶԣתȥǰֻعͷһȻĹȡ̡ɷڣǵչģ
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СѾͷҲѾ˰ɣŮûҶӣöӵ֮ҲѾľˡ
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Ȼ䣬ǴҹɽǸغ֮ǧѸһֱŸΪ֪ܡ
ǧǰŵʦӣɽһϹؾԻؾഫؾ棬һ伫ܡ
ʲô˽⿪ŵţڣҲؾڡ
ĺ˻δûʱʱ̿̿ŵˣֻʵ̫ǿɽɽ壬ԱУϳ֮²һеڶࣿ
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1001 ط
ʱ콫жһ峿⣬΢΢תͷȥɣԺˣȥ·忴ˡ
˵ͷɽȥˡ
ʱȥ˹·壬ϲľԴ䣬ƽһƵϣֻһӰվǱˣȴ𰡣
߽ˣָȻö룬ݡȥ
һԾܿöĹƣȴԲͣЪַʮö롣
ݣݣݣ
Ъڰգȴʮ鶯ݣһö뼤ȥʱؿһʹһƺ߷ɫһ±Щ԰ס
Ʋԣٷһö룬һöˣ漴˫һ㣬˲˹ȥὫ԰нסˡ
ϡ㰡
΢΢һԭΪˣû뵽ϣ±ߣĻƮڶߣ΢΢һ죬ˣϡ
ҽʥҩʥλǰȷʵһ£֣ܻصǰˡ
˵š
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ƽǰᣬǸոָоҲͦ֪͸ɴװ֪ˣ
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𰲻ҡ֣æŮ˼ͷǸ˵£ôˣ
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Ц˽ȥԺſڣкҽʥǰҩʥǰ
ˮֳ濴˿üʵ
Ѿûˡ
ڵͻϮǸŮӣĻΪҪ
˽ԺУʱˮ̺Ͳȥ罧˴ģŨʮʺҩ
ɽǲڣұˮڣ˸һɽصھӡ
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˫üһ·˵֮ǰڵʵûǿʢȻ
˵˴ͣ˼һֽŵڵҲǴϣƵӡ԰ǰ𣬱㼫¶棬ΪΡʵǽ׽͸ӣΪͬϱ֮ǰǸʯ
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һֵɴ࡭ҪȻ⼸ʱ䣬ҳܷƳħҪֲô˵֮󣬱ؽҲ㡭

Ȳۼ˵ȥҡͷˣȻǵõ壬˵Ļ
һ;нݾߣҩȻʹΪǿһʱﵽԴﵽľ磬һҲֻܵǸˣҲѿǴ˵ľ硣
ôСӣƲƵĵҩۿһԾԾԵζҡҡͷ
ҩʥƳĵҩг֮Ƶĵҩʦ˵ָãҩʥضɽָýͣޡ
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ˮ̺Ͳ۽΢΢һ㶣Ʋɵ֣Զ
֪֮ˣ̤֮;նϳǧȴշ֤ܳ
лطģһطֽУͽһؽѡ
ط
һ̣촦Ŀ˵


1002 뷲
طʲô
ˮ̺Ͳ˾Щ⣬ڶ˵Ĳ⣬֣ÿ˶вͬڶۣ֮±һʯĲ⾳ʶҲԼ
˿̣ɽ˵оʥǣرӣΪӹ档
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ЩȥɷǡԳѾӹ桱ġɡ붼Щƭӡ
ʥǣӹ桭ҴǰҲ˵
ֻüһ̣˳˼úŻع̧ͷһλˣǧѣʥڼѡʥҲղ˵ġʥǡշӹ棬ع鱾桭
ǡ
ˮ˫ü΢ϵҲֻǴŶѣǷһˣϾ˵ο֮ˣΪһʥǾʥǣ䡭֮١
΢΢˵ͷʵ쳾ʥǾʥ쳾߻ĿģһԼøǿ
һֻµҲȹЩգһ³ȶ˵٣ߡδǹɺѾã޶ڴҹۺз֮󣬽λǰˡ
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ۺ룬˫΢΢һУֵҹСѾͷڣһɺƺӡһɼǿͷһôСӣ֪Ǻ
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δ죬¶һϴ󲻸˵ģһЦˮ̺Ͳ۶˴кҽʥǰҩʥǰ
Ϯһ¸ɲСӰ죬歷üͷչܲ
ʱģʱϲʧЦݣŲʹȻ

ʱ䣬ȥ죬ҹӰһ£գȷŶԷѾȫ澳Ƿ񻹻ͻϮȡȷ
һΣ±߸Ž÷ض޻ء
⼸գ¾歷˴Լĸ⾳
ˮ˵òƵӣΪɲ⣬ĿǰΪȥԷͻ˫ڼŪܾ˵Ļ˭Ҳ档
ǣϴȥɽѰҾβʱζһѾоζΪԼ֮ˣʦְ£ҵʲôľ֮Ļһʥ֮
Ůӵ˫ޣ䱾츳Ҳǧ֮£˵ǧһţҲ˿Ϊ
ֻǵ길׷â̫ڵ죬ÿÿһң뵽ģ֣ζں֮Уζֱ׹ˡ
˿̣ü΢ε˫ض򵥣֮»ḡˮ棬򵱳ڻȪ棬ǵĲ룬ҲԼᵽ˫ᡣ
йظĸ֮£Լϴʬħˡ
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ҡҡͷ˲⾳һطһˣᡣ
ط
Цۣ˵ҲʧΪһַܹҵһ飬͸ˣǿгһϾ飬վǲƪ
顭
񣬵ħһ֮Ϊƪоɢ䣬ǧô飬ǵôѰģ
ǧвһҲδѰٵһǣЦ쵱õ飬żȻ
ֻǵɢ˼һƪоҲ˲ͨ
ǵˣ黹ʹĹѰ֮࣬ɽоתޣɲǼ۰˷ԪΪã˹Ƿǳֲģֲֻоɣʶõòࡣ
ǿȴվǿǿ󡣡
ҡҡͷ˵˿ûȥѰƪҲܣֻǵɢδ֪ȥѰңǴ룬շ
°գұطһ˰ɡ
תЦ쿴һ˵Ҫ˵ڷһССׯ󣬵̤һ;ǽЩ꣬Զ뷲˵ǡطҲС
Ҳá
Ц˵ͷڶʱһУȥ˿δ룬ȥˡ
ݳؤĬңԷʱҲ뷲ֻǵʱһѰȣȴǺ̬ⷲ
ֱΪǵԨ㡱ȥѰ㣬̫λỊ̇״θ򵽡ӹ桱⾳˵ĻϴҲԡ桱
һΣҪȥݣܷҵλ̣ʱΪе֪ͣԷ쳾һλˣܻΪֻǸͨߣ
Զ֮أ֮ңΪԡ

ʱֵ¼ϸ˿΢ϸҡڣ·˲಻٣ɫֽɡѻࡢ졢̡ӭƮī㡣
վͷź̲죬ˮ棬̽ͷ
ò˲ԷҲǰһ棬ţ֮󣬱ȫȻ˷ǡ
ǴʱЩгɡеС򰮻ޣϲã𣬶֮󣬾ѹ鳾
֮󣬵·˿ƻµķڣ˭֪úңֻߣ޵ÿ̹ġ
֪꣬ʱͣˣ߹һʺ磬·ϵҲˣлһľҷ
ϣŽֵ߲ͣߺȵСǾ¥æòɿĵƣԼֵתǴ֪Σ긾Ů
ֹ̬ڴˡ
߹֣ӭˣѹȥⷲˡ
һӣģȥʮ£ұߣһ뻭ŮһȹݣﻹǺ«
벻ⷲҲô֮ݣա
꣬Сã㿴Ǳ߾Σ


1003 
һ紵źҶ㣬¹ĺ棬羵ӳźɽ¥̨߳ĺɻӭҡڣһȺ㣬ںҶζ
Ư
ŮǺ«ϲسȥҲԼղҪ˵ʲôţӿٸȥ˲ģһ׷ӡ
˺ʱӲŻعͷȥǰ׷ӽʧڽֵͷıӰɫһ
磡磡㿴Щ㣬ǼҵĽ𡭡磿ڿʲôѽ
Ůָ粻Լתŵĵطȥֻһ׷˵ıӰ棺磬˭
ûС
һЦعͷոˣϲһɺصĺ⣬ѵȻ游ԣ֮ⷲУԻô
ҹĻᴹʱﻪƳϣӳں棬Ǻһ貣ϸˣˣʨӵģŻƵģ˵ģǺ«ġ
ۡ
Ůδֵķ֮Ǻ棬תתＷ۵ʱ˼¥һӵĲˣøĶС˽㿴Ѿͷߣܳԡ
ι˵˭أ
ŮһţǱһۣǼ׳ԷٳԱߵҡͷһЦ˲ǵĽ֭ЦСǳУ㵹ãϳԵӱԵ
ҲеһơʶʳΪܡߣ
Ů˵գͷҡͷЦ˼ҵãǿɶ֪黭ͨô
ô
Ůһ̧ͷ죬ĵؿߵǱ˼ҵãʼǱ˼ҵãôɰ
ҡ
ҡͷһЦʱ¥һˣһ߿ϣŮ΢΢һСף㿴ǰǸҮ٣Ǳλ
ʲô
æһ棬ѹʶ𣿾Ҵк
ء粻һֱ

һϣûǱߵöˣҪ˼СˣһСƣڴߣŴ⻪յʱδڣ⳾Ҳһܸ˰ɡ
ǱϣŮ͵͵ŴߵһͷѩģȴǺ͸һᣬֻǿȥһЩ͵Цһ磬ҷһ⡭
ʲô⣿
üһʱѹ࣬ѵСҲ˲ˣ
ŮվսĶߣСǸˣñ㿡
㡭
ӿЦãһҡͷŮһЦתͷǴȥȻȴֻƼ컨𣬲ߵˡ
ף硭ˣ

ӻعͷ΢΢һֻӣȴ֪ʱ뿪ˣʶûܲ˺ʱ뿪ġ

ַǷŲŮں߷Żƣһ·һľ֮أԼԼƼĴһյ𣬵һգۣȴֻǻƵĵӰ
ѵղţˣ
ոھ¥ԼԼһӰ߹ǵǸ͵ţ棬ȴֲ˶ԷӰ
հʱ̫ãҲ͵ˣѵԷѲ
Ѳݣ֮ⷲ󣬸õδȥѰ
С磡С磡
ʱȻһŮתȥȴǸղھ¥ǸŮ
ʲô𣿡

Ů˿һ죬һͭǮЦոյ˵ӦʮǮء
ԭˣл
ӹͭǮʱ˫ۣһξ覣ӳĻơ
Сã
ʱִһеӵֻӼ˹Ůͷ˿ף磬ôͽ
Ȼ£Ӳ˿ҡͷһЦ˹֣ƣ֪λ̨γƺ
޳˵
ԭ޳֣ԵһᡣƱȭһЦϵЦݣ磬˱á
޳ֵѽŮһ䣬̧ͷǸǸҡ
ޱ£ȸˡ
˵ţһתԶȥˣŮԶȥӰü΢΢һôҽʲôء

̫֮ϣ̲죬ĴԼԼСϽһͤ
죬ÿ̫ѰҵλߣϧһֱδѰߣ̲ǧȴӰ
ȵʱɢȥʱֻĴˮ죬ߡ£˪ѩδĪ磬ϳ

ĿһֻǺ̱ԼԼһС߻ʻ


1004 ָ
ĸĴ̲ϣ𽥵
ڣǴӰˣͷģȴһͷҵỊ̇Цݣһ߳ʣһˡ
һϳˣϵỊ̇ʮǰ̫ϣʹԼӹ⾳š
ʮˣ
Ŷˣǿ
Цݺ㣬һ˵ţһʹŴֻ߿£˹̫ϣһͣǲǵô
ŶŶˣˡʮ겻Сֵδϣ񣬾ǰ׷ѩ
ȻЦݣ˵ʱֻѾ밶߽ˡǣ˭ö
ŵԿ࣬֡СֵܣԵգұ̫һհɡ
ˣǾˡ
΢΢һ̧䣬ϴֻŻŴĸУСֻʻȥ
̫ܴ󣬶ʱֵ£ǧ֦̴Уּ̨ͤˮ鿣УȻߣ˴ҲϢġ
ں֮СϽһͤͤһδգַ֮࣬һߡ
˷٣ǱȲ÷˹٣ɫҲкãϥ£
̲Ʈȥŵĸһʫ⾳
գ̫ͤи٣ͤжģʱҲȥм˳ڽֱ˺Ȳ塣
ʱ֮ⷲ飬ˣԼ֮ҲԼΪΣⷲҲϵԺյϡ
ʱȥ̫Źͺ֮ĺʱͤжģһֹԸ١
գˣˣȴǰھ¥Ƕá
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ŮϲָǺĵСԱƵӣʱȴĿⲢϣλϣˡ
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ŮһЦӻشȻչṦˮ棬ǺĵϷȥ
ƻعһ죺СãҪײǰ˵գҲչṦ׷ȥ
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Ůӯڵϣɲ˶ԷһЦͤеİ߿ȥףϲʶλСѽ
ʶʶ
ЦǺͰףҲ䵽˵ϣͤе߹˹֣ƣõƤǰλ޳ֵܵ£Ǹ
ʵδ뵽ⷲԻǰλˣûһ˿ߵϢȥȫһѰߣǣѰ֮ˣ
Цԭʶ쳾㣬ԵλҲͤһɡ
ѽѽ
ŮһҲͤУһ٣ʱǰϵҲɵͤܣȸԾеĻ񣬾ļϣߴߴиͣ
ۡ
Ůգһ˫ˮĴۣϴǾ棬û뵽ⷲҲܰٵ˺͡
˵ɵĶɾϵܼµҹ¡ƻλ洫ҹ¡ƻλ٣Ҳ˰ɣ
һʱ䣬ŮýУֱ֮ʱתֻ̧ƣϵĻһԾ棬˿
أŮǾ棬ȥŮСУḧŻ⻬ëŪĳ
ԭСٵô˶ˣһûи㣬ҽޱء
洵һˬ磬Աȴʼ⾳տԶڡһ˵壬Ĺ¼š
ʲôˣ
ĺɫĺϣ浹ӳϦϼһƬޱվͣŵС˳Ϧ£ҪȻȥɣ
վٵݻţ˵¾Ͳȥˣգǰ˵գȥͤ⣬˫һ㣬ҲչṦԶȥˡ
⼸ڷ֮УԼݣֱղռö˵ĵŶȻȻ֮

죬죬죬ÿȥ̫ϣռöѾˣΨͤУһ塣
ǰ
ͤУŴкЦΣ⼸ڷСѿǸʲô
ǰָ㣬⼸գ»ࡣ
΢΢˹֣̲ĺȥ˵ֻǽ֮Զǰ̬ա
Ȼ⼸ڷ࣬δᷲ˵ϲһֱⷲŻӹһ죬ʱԣʵ̫ˣֶʮ꣬ꡣ
мǳһЩ˻£ʹⷲ⾳ռá
ڼ䣬졢š澳κйص£һŷ֮ģȻһУֻΪλӰ

ף˵СѣҲףΪʥǣӹˡ
ϵűطǷˣʱһ˵Լɻ󣬸ţԷѾﵽǷӹ磬һˣԼˣ˵ǰָܹһ
ЦߣϢģС񲻷עǷ֮ˣȷǷ֮ˣһʱⷲ䣬ȴһⷲ䣬΢΢紵ʹС
Ŵԣиһ𣬹ȻǰλѾһУ⼸ԼȻڷ֮УֻҪκһйص飬
վ޷ķΪԼϣѾ̫̫࣬ҪϢģ
һЦֽŵСϱ̫࣬ܽһУ£ᣬӹ档
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ɫ΢΢һһɲǣǰߵ˼Լ֮ҪԼһУҪԼһΪɢ֮ⷲУͬһķˣ򵽷ӹ⾳ڡ
ЦСѾˣʱ䣬ӹ档
عȻԼһΪɢҪᷲȴҲҪʱ䡭
ʱ䣬ʵ̫ˡ
ȻʱԼѾӹ棬ֻ߳ʥɣкã
֮˷ǣδҲѲڣԼһˣȻʱɣк棡
ҲκΣѵһУ𡣡
һ̣кȻеտյģԼȻ˶һ޶Ĳ⾳ΪҲֹڴˣܹһ⾳ΪҲ޷ˡ
Ҫһ⾳ֻа˵ȥһΪðʱ䣬ⷲﷵӹ棬ֻء
֮⣬ѵͱ
ԡ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲô⾳Լǲ⾳ǳֻ⾳
żȻЦСѿѾ뵽ˣ


1005 
ԭˡ
һ̣ȻѰ֮ˣֻܹ԰ʱ䣬ⷲﷵӹ档
Ĳ⾳辶ܹʱȥһΪ쵽뿿һΪܰ쵽飬ôܹиһ˿΢Ĺ⾳Ӷͻһ
лǰָ㡣
ٴγǰ˹˹֣Ƭ̺˻ص˴ϣһЦ˵Ԩ֮йǣ֮ǧһСܹѰ֮ʱ⣬ӭж⡣
ǹȣǻ
ɫһʾˣѰҵ֮ȻԼá
Ǻǡ
һЦʹȥϣٴζ΢һ֣ˣԵټ
ȥɣȥɡ
ЦŻ˻ֽ֣ʻȥ̲֮Уĸ®ɽ㽭δǧ޲û£®ɽ㽭
Զȥʧֵ̱ĺ棬ﻹʲôֻ
·ЩһУֻǴһ
ʫصĻȻ⾳򣬵ΣҪȥһ

ص죬뿪ֻж̶ʮ죬Ҳûʲô£ֻǽʱ䣬һ£洫÷зȻҲŵע⡣
ʮԪŵӿطǴγ帽ĹŴؾһնҲؾնˡ
Ǵȥ˲˵ؾ̽ûзʲôϹܣҲ޴֪㷢ʲôҲ뾡һа취Ϣ
ԪŵأԪ򣬻澳Ƕ½ǱߣɱžֻǱߡ
طдԣһЩ˼Ĵɽ֮У˹ŶЩȥµħ𣬻һʱЩʧ˼۷ǿߣµĻӰ
ܶ˶ԸЩԣϾԪŵأҲֻǵǹϵĶ磬µһƬ

ϡ
ӭ΢΢˵ͷʵ޶ǱߣԼţѾã
ţѾûˣֻǡ
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ɫһʱ˵£ʵںδΪû

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˫üһһüɱ¶ѹҪ
ء
һ̧첻й࣬ο
˵˴ͣŰǧҪСħˣƵķ֡ķɱɽʦҲס˱²Сħߣħ̵ĵҲǿʱܾˣźе
֮󣬰˵ͷˡ

΢΢ףȥһ죬ֽסˣϣһ£ɱžǱߴϢˡ
ǱΣ
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˵ǰմϢǰڤв֪顭
ˡҲãмǲɴݾߣֻ۲죬ȥˡ
Ŀڿһ£˿ڤʵ̫ǿֻʦĶ֡
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ļգల£ķҲʮֽܣʱȥһˡ
ǸŮǵȽʱһҪΪҪôȥпܶħ沼ߡ
һգ׼һк󣬽ǹһ¸˻δ뼸ˣ˵ҪӡһΪԷȥѰǻ΢΢һδҲ̫Σˡ
С
δɫ棬ҪȥĻλͬУ⻹ҹӰʮڰб
ҡͷ˵һҲΪкȻѰ֮Ҳ֮
ǡ
δ˫ü˵֪棬ɱжȥһ֪ΪڣһеԪӤߣȡƵӺ֪ˣֻǾ͸ӡ
ǵ꣬Ҫɱҵˣѵ𣿵꣬һԪӤߣҪɱҺ𡭡
ŴԣδҲʲô棬桭
һţôҪɱûһ˿η壬Լ̨¡
꣬жΪ
߽һЩ˵İɣµģεù⾳ҲãҲգǷµһУҶȥֻ
ǡ
δȻüһҲУҪȥĻһȥӰ⾳ĻҲһӡ˱ǡ
ǸǣĹѵһֱӡ𣿡
˵٣֮ǰ£⼸գִƴٻǱ߻ˡ
δῴһۣ٣Ҫ졭
δ룬İɣµġ
ᰴ˰ļ˵ҵ÷λǰָ㣬˻Ե˿ɵãǴ޻ᣬο
˵˴ͣټ˵ȥֻǾؿŻδ룬δҲĿԣʱȴʤ


1006 ӡΪ
ʱ˿̣صʮְͻδ˶ӲܹҵһƪоҲͲ鷳ˣҪҵо˵ҵҵģ
ˮ̺ͲԱ߶ɢȥһ½ۻӶͻǲ˽⣬Ȼÿ˶вͬ
ʥǣӹ桭
룬һż濴ʧһ֪ģָһﵽһǰδеľ磬ʵ˷˼
ʵΪҽʥҩʥҲʧ˹ˣЩǶҽãҲֻǻָѣһЩƹصģָܻȫʢʱڣֿɢȥǷӡǻδۼ
С˵ûд
ȻЦ쿪˵ˣδعҲ޳˵ǰҲΪ˿𣿡
У
ЦĿһۣУɢȥһַκ˿ʮֻĵ޻οɢȥȥΣ֮ء
ˮ̺ͲۣҲȫ޷⣬ȴޱȣΪԼ˹ġ
ʮǰܷ֮£ֱһָشǣ޽⣬ֻһ
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ԭ֮ǰԼһ´ȥҲԼգɺڷһ۶Ԫ
ʱε𾪣
Ὣһ۶һڣ
ǵͬûһ빦ʲô
Ц뵽ʮǰǹŴһӤӤǰ꣡
Ϊ˾꣬ϧһ۶ԪʱЦ뵽꣬ضһس٣ؽΪͽ
ʱϲԭΪԼҲܱ˳𣬿û뵽ʹ£һꡣ
㽫Լһڣܹ˲ȻҲƴ˲ڵܣֻгһձ
˵һɸ֮󣬱뿪ɽ˸طԼ밲ȥκ˷֡
Լ֮󣬾Ȼ˹
Ҳ˹ֽһɢ֮ϵ˾Ȼ
ű֮ģԴǰһֱתľû뵽Ƹ֮£Ȼá
֮ոһգɽ£ɽʹһۻ󲻵ָԽ˴ǰ
ֻǵȥʱʲôʼռǲˣǲյɽ¶ȹ˶꣬Ҳˣʱɽѱ²ӡγȥģҲȫȻǲˡ
ʱЦ쿴ɫ֣˵Ҫ֮£ٷҲֻСӣһΣ㵱ˣ£졭ҿҲɢˣ
ѾֻһˣкܶˣһһֻԼ
ʱЦ˵˫жǿ˫ϣͽܶصΡ
ĳԣҪõرߵˣõδ֮ݣ֮ݡ
ڣһ˵Ļԥɢȥȥӹ⾳ʧܣǳɹΪûκι˼ɡ
ˣǾȥɡ
Ȼδ߽˹һ̣վںҲ΢΢һղһֱڷԣôʱȴ
ֻδϴЦһ̣ҲˣҲѡûдҪģػ죬
ǰĴǰʼڱ죬Ȼ˪ȴʼͬҹֺ£ճ졣
δ롭һ˵ʲôȻǧ·ֻ֡
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Ц˫Ŀһһ˵꣬Աˮ̺Ͳۿȥ˵ͷҽʥҩʥλҺ֮ڣΪӡˡ
ԣˮ̺Ͳ۾΢΢һ˵ӡΪûɢһΪôգҲԷͬСɡ
м⣬ͬϣҪɢҪӡһΪձˣҲ޷⿪ˣΨһ⿪ӡֻ֮Լ⾳ӡȻ⡣
Ȼ֪󣬾ݴ⣬ʱ΢΢˹֣λǰˡ
һΪǷҪ뽫ΪȫסҲһΨλ׼ʥпܰ쵽

ʱˮ̧̧֣ü˵֪ǹҲֻ˵ߣδȥδʲô֮
Ԩ֮йǣ֮ǧһ
հ̵Ļ˳ԨǴ˵̫µĵط롰DȡԣڼԶߡ
λ̿еԨ˵ԨǴָ֮أǹȣôӦ֮
ǴԪߵĻλԼȥҪ澳ߣǹ֮أϴȥѰȥأҲİ
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ЯǮ㹻δ;̲ǰһ컹صȥ±߳УʯʮƽȻһƬƬĽҶӷԱʱ֮衣

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׺ͷһЦֽ֮ǰʨһ˵˳֮ǧϸһ˪ʨδҲ̫ˡ
ǧȥ˱ȭ֮ǰл޳ˡȴ룬಻ȴǺηʥ
׺Ц޳ҪȥǹȣҪȻȥѰǹȣ޳ֺ֮
ԣǧĿ⣬ȥ޳ӣҪȥѰǴ˵ǹȣ
ǡ
ãá
ǧɫһ˿ԥʱγӢβ㼴̰ˣȥѰǹڡ
ˣׯˡ˱ȭ˵

һ²ã׺ɽׯӳյóξ覡
棬ǧ˫üԣһϣΣ͵ǺɣܹʶһλѣҲá
Ǻãֻǡ
ģ̌ͷֹտǰķˣ˵ѵ˾һҲû𣿡
һЦλϢ

ǧһ̾ؽѣַǷš


1011 
ļգڰ׺ׯͣ׺಻֪ǲ˶µ֮֮Ӳׯ棬ֻȥɽϴԡ
ֻÿγȥԣڶҪ书Ѿߣͷʲô⡣
Щ˿ȥ£ֻ֮ⷲУһȻ˴꣬Ӵⴵű㣬ʹ𲻶ҡҷ
ģ׺ׯʹ֮أһ꣬Ƕһ㺮⡣
ڴߣưõҹƮ˽ʪǣ͸żе⡣
¡
һ绮Ƴգϳƣ㼲䣬÷ƬҪһ
겻ֹЪҪ˺Ѳ񷣬ԶޣҪ⺮ҹԽԽˣ
¡¡
ԽԽģߣһɲǣ·˴ֻصţǺƳ̨
ɱɱǣ

δ롭δ롭
ǵãӦҵһ£Ҫ㡭
һգ㿴ѩµʱ򣬻ܹ𡭡ǸδĹ
Ϊβݵȴƫƫݲһ

¡¡
ϵףԽԽǰһУ·ֻص̨֮ա
СӦк𣿵޹һӴħ
ûС
һգЦӡڵħԪɱܶˣɱ˹ʹɱ˲طȵˣŵˣ۵ˡ
δϾ·ˣһ죬ɱˡ
ǣûС
һգʦһߣػĺգҪΣȫ
ѡԶһȻδ룬£ȲʦΪѣҲδ롣
ǻһ˵ĻҲħˣҲ˶Ƿ
ûС
ȻԺУҲνʧ͸ˣԼĵδ˶Ĺ

ϵԽԽһһ绮ҹգƮϣЩġ
ʱУȴûһƽ̫ĺ棬¶Ҳ޷ϴ֮һ˿
ÿÿǰЩ飬бȻʬħѣһ̣оޱȵƽЩʱķ
һɲǣǺȻʲôƵһֻһ˲䣬ȴǺڰ֮Уһһ޾ɽࡣ
˿̵ϢûκϢͬⷲˣͬߵǸؤ̫ͬϣ°̡
ˡˡ
ʱȻһ󼱴ٵ׺޳֣˯𣿡
عȥţȴ׺վ棬Űɡһֽȣﵲסļ꣬Ϻͷʪ͸ˣȴһ졣
ҹʲô
ˣ׺Цٺٽϣֲ˲ϵˮЦҹһ͸ضƵģҹ䣬͸ôޱٺ٣
˿Ϸŵޱֿ˿ˮɵЦͣȻһЦл

׺һסˣʵôˣ
ûûԲԣոգոЦ𣿡
һʱ䣬׺Щ״ˣʶڣδԷЦǸղôΪˡ
ʲô𣿡
׺ʱ˿̣Ѿһ㺮֮ˣ·Ҳֻǰꡣ
ûû
׺ҡ֣תתʵ𣿡
Ȼ
˵
ٺ٣Ǿͺã
׺ٺһЦʵ㻹б𣿡
С
һ̣Ժֻ˵꣬ʶ˼ȴʱǸʱԼҲڵ׺һһδˡ
㻹ʲô𣿡˵

׺ͷֺٺһЦյǰ˵֮Щ죬ܸоЩѣҪȻ㻹ǽһЩ򵥵ı°ɣ磬һܹܵı¡
ҡҡͷĬ
Ϊʲô
׺һؿղŲǻ˵
ѹѣǡ
ʲô׺ת˸ȦԴһ죬յǰʵ
һȥ˵Ҳ书
ס
׺ͷɥʧ֮ʱȻֵҿԽһķ

׺ͷŵذ壬СֹһһԲɡ
ѧǲѧ
ѧѧ
á
ã漴ָһʮѨȥ˵ҸղŵѨ˳򣬽Ϣ롣
ã
׺ָһҹ겻֪ʱͣˣҲѾˡ
Σס𣿡
סˣ
׺ϵͷŴʱ˫ƣȻһҹȥˣǵƣӯ·ָ࣬оǰδй桭

΢΢ף˵ɷԺÿնҪʮڣ𽫴˷ˡ
Ҳܸô
ǵġ
ٺ١˵
׺ͷһЦվɽׯ˵ѾˣҲͣˣȥɡ
ȥ緹
׺ٺһЦȥˣʧıӰĬȻη˽ɡ
̸׺ʲô֮

뿪סͥԺһ·׺ѣ߹֮ʱѾ߾Ѿһ£ֳķȥﲻ޳סĿԺүôһһӡ
ү㡭
ʲô㣿ûм˷ΣӢү𣿿ÿ
׺һ߱ȻɽʹĽһߴӶм˹ȥѾһͷԵӣү죬ôֵֹģ˸Ƶġ
һ˵ţһסԺǱȥ
ѽ
ߵѾǷʲô˵飬Сүһҹ޳òǣòǡ
Խ˵ԽϸҲȾ˲һԱߵѾ߷Ӧһ죬æֵҪ˵ˡ
ĺü죬ׯϵѾ߶֪˵ЩʲôֻҪһ׺̼ڲ
һЩƤѾߣǺһҿǻŮһ׺ҲоֵֹģЩѾͷֹ֣һѵ˲ɣ
˰µʱ䣬ǰǧɳȥЩˣʱڴ˷ɸ봫飬ż˵ҵ˵еǹˡ
׺ȲϢϣǧׯʮʦҵǹȡǧ·ŨڣʵԽС
ǧŸ룬ҲҪ죬׺ׯЩʦҵǹȣѾȥˡ
²˳٣׼ƥ޳֣͸ȥǹȣ
׺˷ܵ˵ҲȥǴ˵֮УΨ˲ȥ֮ȣǸʲôӡ
һΣͲȥ˰ɣڼ˵˵
ʱֻ˴˽ӣǲ׺ȥǹˡ

׺ͷתŴ߽ף˵һȥǹȿһдʱ䣬˵ء
׺ĻһΣ͵Ļ𣿡
˵ʱѾǰḧ˸ӣһ֮ɫҲ֪ΪΣִⲻȥǹȡ


1012 Ů
ǡ
׺˵ʲôʱǰһȿڵ޷ͷׯ±һƥٽǹȴλø¼ɡ
֮ϣǧüȻ޳һͬǰǹȣΣ
ׯ鷳һ˼ǰ
лĺ⣬ֻعͷ׺˵Ļúׯϡ
ǡðɡ
׺˵ʲôճ̾˿ټ˵ˡ
Ƭ֮ǧһƥǧأһΪڣ룬Ҳߴ֮ˣҲֻͬһС
ݣ
ɽׯ޳磬ɾ룬ٿȻţǷƥȲЩޣٶȴҲ죬գۼ䣬Ѿȥ
ˣʱͷףƻ¯䤱޷ټǰУһ֮ЪϢˮԲݣؽ̫¡
ȫҲѱˮʪ͸ֻ·ϢϮᵽ˵ˣֻǣǰһĹ
˹УֻĻʢģƵϵģ޲涷ޣԶٲֱ£±߻۳̶߽ʱһˮˬ
ԱˮԲݣԸҲȥѣ̶ˮ棬һ̶ˮʱ̶ֻһɺˮ·ѩˮһ˺䡣
һϵߣֽϴˮ֣ʱŹԶ
ʱһƥɳ۶֮ˣȴǸʮ߰꣬һڱ׺
޳֣޳֣
׺гˣδ˵͵ģ
ٺ١
׺ڨڨһЦͷҲһˣٺ١
ҡҡͷ˱ضϵһ͵ܳԼֻչ˺ˣֵΪ֪ڴ˴
׺˿˵ƥЦҼҵȻϵζˣһ·
ԭˡ
û뵽ԭ⳾֮еҲԣʹǧ֮⣬Ҳϵóͬζ
ֻƥһһ죬ʱĥţԵøܡ
һʱӰбƥҲЪϢˣ׺㼴ٴ̣ǹȡ
һ·ҹ̣ϵʦϢ˵ǹȸ
ֻǰľïʯᾣܲҲȽվʺߣ˲ȷǷͨǹȡ
ҪȻ޳֣Ƚȥɣ
׺ͣǰƬľֻʯ·ߣƥǽȥˣֻ˩档
˩֮˱ߣһ·ն˺һɽȣԶԶȥֻ͵֣ΰͦΣȴһɽ˻һɽߡ
ҲԼԼӦһ΢֮ǰγӢ˵ĴһǹȲѰ֮ž⸽ˣ֪׺ׯʮʦںδѾҵ֮
ǰɽǹȥˣʦҲ棬ǹȵڣڴ˴
׺ɽ䣬û뵽ﾹȻ֮󣬱ЩˣҲҪʧʮɽɣ

Զɽ࣬˵ͷǻȥǰЩһ߽뿴
ǴǰһΪʶŶܹҵǹڣҪʮããɽѰң²һˡ
ɽжжޣԲע⣬ֻ»Σգ˸пɥУ޹Щ⸽
˵ԭ·أȥ֮ʱȻ˻֮洫׺ʱһ⣬ɽҰ͵Ϯˣǿȥ
̼Ӽ汼ȥص֮ʱȴͷڹƥѾѪһϢѾȫѪ죬ϵĹͷ¶ˣȴڰǰͷɫ˻š

ƥ˵أ׺ʱĿѣҲͷɫʲôˣһγ䳤ȥ
׺ģ
ȴһۿˣͷ޸ⷲҰޣѵˣ
𣡡
һɲ֮ʣͷѳ׺Ȼ书ܹԸѰɽıϻ޶֮ζù
˵ʱʱ죬۵糸һ˲䣬ֻݡһһöѾ׼޵ۡ
𡪡
޳ʹһ˳ȥ顱һԱһö˺ϱĴײˣȿ׺ҲһոԼϣҲҪܵشɣ

һʱһͷҲ׺һ˲֮ʣһ֮ͷʱͣĿ¶׹ض׺ˡ
ͷϹ۵ޣǲ϶֮ɫҪ˺顣
׺긦˻ߣʱֻһӰ˽
ǸʮµŮӣһϼѩ˿٣͸һɾ֮Ƿˡ
һʱ֮䣬׺Щˣ֮У϶˵Ľ㣿òǻһ
Ȼһ̣ȴŮĿǾǣ
֮׺˸飬ʱѹ˲ͷҧҵȣ
ŮҲһʱƥѣֵǮ
㣡
׺ҪǰۣȻȴ˰סˣعͷȥֻ󣬾ҡҡͷ
С㣡
ʱһ߷Ƽ˴ΣȻ׼֣׺˹֣λǸˡ
˵꣬ǺŮߣСҪҪڴ˵飬߰ɡ
ߣ
Ůһ䣬׺һۣСһʶ˵գ㼴һ̤չ֮ǰȥˣͷޣҲȥ
û׺Žȭͷúÿȴ˵գߵƥߣֻϢǼ΢΢΢ţҲˮջǶ
˻տڰϣҲû˺

ƥһ׺ʣҲһˮתƥһ𳤴ģȴɥɽ
ˣ˺Կ
˹ŵҲһƥ뵽ЩˣݣҴҰ֮䣬ˣǺʯá
һ̾ղȥķȥո֮ˣΪҲͣѾˣƬ֮ˣĪǡҲΪǴ֮ȣ


1013 繳
СӡСӣ
ʱȻмӰ˹Ǽν˶ǰ׺ׯʦ
ǡ
Ƽ˹׺˲۾˱ķȥʵҵǹ𣿡
ңҵˡ
Ȼ⸽ղ߶Ը˹ʱƼʬ壬ǰһ˾⣬⡭
׺ҧɬѩͺͷëҧˡ
⡭
ƥʦһ֮̾˿ƥûʲôõģɶЩ˶ԣ֮ǧŸ顣
׺ָЩͳҺ޳ȥǹǱߣģǡڴ˽ѩͺˣٹɡ
á
ʦ棬׺ȥˣ⼸ˣڴطƥʬˡ
Լһʱ׺ʦһΧһŨգɲŸչ磬̫Ҳ䲻ˡ
˴졭
׺Ҳо⸽Щ֣ȻǷˣû֮˵ʶ֮ˣܹӦһɡ˴Ȼʮ֡
Сӣ
ʱֻŨ棬ʦ˳׺ǿȥʵΣҵ֮ȵ𣿡
ûûҵ
ʦҡͷʹ书ǿṦ˺Щգ޷ҵǹȵڡ
ǰһ˵̫Ũˣÿǽȥ߲˶Զͱ˳ͻʧ桭
֮׺üһ˵֮أǼȤҲ֪˵زͬѰڼʱһʱȥ޳֣ΪΣ
ǰ˼ֵӰʵɢȥ֮ʱ
У
һʦشÿÿҹ³֮ʱɽŨ㿪ʼɢȥڵڶ̫ǰŨֻ¾£ǰĻǾͳˡ
ҹ﷽ɢ
֮ɫһէһ˴ֻ֣еȵҹɢ֮ʱټˡ
ԭĵȺ֮ǰǼʦҲˣһֱҹʱɽ𽥿ʼЩ֡
ɽ棬δȥҹҲ˺䣬˵أ洦͸һɹ졣
濪ʼɢˡ
Լҹ֮ʱֻʣһ乳£ֵŨڿʼɢˣǰߣҲԼԼһľ
֪ǰľͨδʮʦ䱸ţ˽գɽ֮Уǳ˼ɽɣ֮Ҳð˸ǲȥ
޳֣Ҫ𣿡
׺ȥȻ£˴Ϊ˰ҵǹڣȻҪѯʶԷ˼
һЩ
ǰߵľԣǰȥˣ׺ȥʮʦ·߸һ·һ·Сǰ߶ȥ
쪡
ЩɭɭģΧӰҡΣЩӰڵϣ£ȥצľһη塣
һ˲֪ã繳͸һ˵Ĺɭ֮У˵ˣ֮ɭ֮أҲеʡ
һֱʱǰԼԼɽ幵ֻ֣ѿֽ
Сӣټǰˡ
һʦǰߵɽӰӣ˵Ѿˣճ֮ǰǱȥ򡭡֪ᷢʲô¡
һ̣˶ͣǰЩɽˣ׺ׯʮʦܹҵˣѾǾȻ˽գɽޣϾҲֻǷˡ
ǰֵɽû˴ǰһΪҲ޷ٽʶ̽ȥĸ֪񣬴ʱܹܵõǰߴǴ˵֮ȣǰ治Զˡ
ǻȥɡ
ͣ׺˵ǰû֮˻ã⸽Ѿ֮ˣͲЩ˸ԼһգǵЩ֮˻ǳ֣ǡɴܣԶܡ
޳֣һˡ
׺˫ü΢ʮʦȥˣҪȻǻȳȥɣ޳ֽȥ
Сӡ
Ŵԣʮʦ΢΢һǰһ˵ǡ
ˡ
׺̧̧֣ټ˵ȥˣ޳һʨҲ壬ô˸һ𣬷ױ¶ǳȥҺ޳ְɡ
⡭
ʮʦ¶Ϊ֮ɫջǵ˵ͷҲ֪СӵӣȻС䲻󣬵ȴѶĴСˡ
СӡмҪģɽǴӥ޳ΣգԿٻӥǻ̸ȡ
ã֪ˡ
׺ʮ˿˿ߺ󣬲ת޳֣߰ɣȥɽ濴


1014 
ʱɫԶ¶ģɽʱֻһӥХ֮ڸ߿׺̧ͷȥֻӥ裬˵ЩǸѱӥúܣڣǲ·޳֣߰ɡ
˵ɽȥɽվ֮أչṦҲܹȥ
ɽѰ죬ڼ䲢ʲô鷢ʱ̽ţѾû˴ǰһΪ¶Сģɽ߷ټܻҪ鷳
׺ͬʮ־Сģʱ䣬Ҳȥı˳Ҫ£ǰ޳ҵǹڡ
ʱһӥХֻֻӥڶ˵ͷϿա
׺һۣ˵ӣǿҵǹڵķˡ޳֣ǿϣ
ȵȡ
Ȼס׺عͷΧ˿ѹһЩ޳֣ôˣ
ֻעǰߵɽȣĬȻȻЩ˲ûʲôΣգɲǰȫġ
֮ǰв߽Ƭɽȴδ
ô涨ĳֽƣǣɽߣԸ˷֣ĻĿλñ¶̫󣬱ض˷֣Ե죬Ҳû˴
ߡ
˼Ƭ̣һƽΪεֶУӥ̽·˵Ҳ˲٣äĿѰ£ݽһЩΣյĵط
ƻ֮ʱһĹ֮УԼӦǰһ΢󷨣׺Ȼֻһ֪⣬ֻȴزѰ
һЩ
ɫ𽥱ǰߣ׺Сں棬ΧûΣա
Ĺ棬Ҳ𽥱࣬׺ܵһɲͬѰġ
޳֣ûз֣ƺЩ֡
һ̣׺ʮˣҲŽʵڷ֮棬ҲжӦʮˡ
׺ָ֮ӦǱȳ࣬Լʹһ˴ܶʱҲܹܿΣգʱӦɡʵӦ

΢΢˵ͷǰ̽ȥʱȻܵһ֮˵Ϣ
׺˵ʲô˸ƣԱһľʯȥ
׺ɫȻ˽ţʱ֪ʲôˣס˺һԲֽڽϡ
ոյϢǴ⸽ġ
ûãӰɽ˾â׺²һⲻṦѵǴġ֮ˣ
һͬСɣŽ֣ʱҲ΢΢һ¡
ֻԶˣһµӣһѰȣӢǷҪǣϵǹɳ׵ϢǷˡ
ԣһµߣĿ䣬ûǳҹһԿ͸
ʱ˻׺ŵƬľ˹ԽԽˣ׺Ͻһ亹
亹ϲϻ䣬Сڰ׺ׯڡĸӦЩĴɱǲӦʱܹܵõ˵ϣȻɱ͸
׺źɫЩ΢΢ף֪Щ֮ˣӦöǳ׵𣿿Ϊϣصɱ
һ£ƺ߸ǰԡ֮ˡ֪
ԣҲźѾöѪ룬׺ܹܵ˵ɱܲ
ֻû˴ǰһΪ˵κһҪɱ׺׾١
ѹȸУѾþûиܵˣΪ֮ûκܸѹȸУǵڻȪȵ΢˾
ڣˣȴһ˽ѹȸС
ԽԽˣĻѪ룬Ҳһ亹
ķ뱾ǳ뻯Ҳұ֤ѪܹһˣûܹжԷôԷֻһƣ׺ˣҲδؼܹ˵˶Է
ԽԽ׺ҲԽԽţϢѹ£ŽҲ̲ס
һ°ס֣ҡҡͷٿ죬ԸԸʨķҲˣǰ֮˵УֱͬϷ
ડડડ
ϢĽŲԽԽѾ߽˹ľӳ¿˿мƬҶ²ãһɲǣָȻһɱ
Ҳͬʱѽȫָ⣬һ˲䣬׺ʯԶȻһŮѽ𡭡
Ůϸϸ꣬оǸеһ֣ϵɱҲǴ绯һ㣬һ¾ʧˡ
΢΢һӸղ𣬵ȻûܹľȻбˣ
һɫСȹŮ֮زز仪ֻʯ˳ӯòȥֻʮ꣬·׺СһЩ
ô
и΢΢һŮǴڻȪȣ׷١Ȫ֮ۡһԨ棬ζ꣬ʱվζԵǸŮ
Ա׺ҲסˣĿһŮϣ˾һղŵĽ֮УŮĺȻ֣һ¾ɢ
δ϶˵ŮǡǴСһ
ʲôˣ
ָָҲȥˣһʯ߳ŮŮ϶ˣȥֺûʲôΪǺˣһɽҰܣȻˡ
뵽˴һ¾ԭɢȥҲϵɱٴ֡
Ȼֻһ΢仯ŮҲܶۻһ¾ͷ֣ϣȴûκα仯ֻϸصңҽ㣬㿴ҽ𣿡
㣿
üͷһ壬ʵҵˣ

ϵͷգһ˫ۣȥɰʵϲ㿴ҽ𣿡
˭ʲô֣
üͷøˣ֮ҲԽԽأҵڴˣҽ㣬ҽ㣬ζ
ζ
֣ԱжȻһϵɫҲ΢΢һ£ܿͻָ糣ˡ
û˵ζ֣ȴûм˲֪ǿѵζҲˣ
뵽˴ӸǺȻһ׹Ԩĺ⣬·һ˫۾һҲҶ


1015 

ϵͷϴЦݣֻֻСַȹӺ棬ǰһ㣬գһ˫ۣǰˣʵǡҽ𣿡
ȻɰӣʱӺһ뵽ζһ׹̶ĺо
˲˵Сص̰棬ɢˣӦû⸽Ŷԡ
Ŀ䣬ߵӴȥһζ棬ܿɵҲڸ˴βǷǣӣ߰ɡ
Ŀ⣬һۣ˵㣬Ӧþ⸽ǻб£ȸˣ㵱ЩΧ޳û
ԶȥʧӰ˺һ˿ֻعƬľС磬磬ˡ
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޻һ˫ۣľ˹Сǰ֦Ҫ߽ʱʯ˳ô
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ңҽ׺ңҼڰ׺ɽׯҡ
һʱ䣬׺ͷǴ˽һȥЩСʵ޳֣⣬ù԰

ͷ΢΢һƫĿ¶ɻؿˣû˵ȥʵζҲɽ𣿡

΢΢üһ̧ͷǽ󲻾ãһˣˣڡҲ֪ģ⸽󷨸ҸӦģҲʧȥˡ
˵ţȴ룬֮ǰʲôˣ
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£һۿĳ˵Ϊͬʱܹ۲һط׼ԼһЩڡ
Щӹ˫ۣ֮ǰӺϵһ˿ϸ΢仯Ҳûӹ˫۶졣
ڸղ׺ĹȵʱͷˣϣѾûκΪԸողŻɵǸӺߣ
ʱ׺Աţʲô󷨸ˣʧȥãûΪ
ģ׺¶һԽԽŵɫֱڣ뵽ʲô޳˵书ɽʨ񵶵Ҳܶһ̸Լ֮
ޡ޳֣㣬㵽ʲôˣ
һ̣ɵɵΪǰˣĺԼһֻⷲѰˣֻǶ书ѡ
㲻֪˭𣿻С޳޳ҽʦ֣ɾӣҽǶɾĵӡ
վڶԱߣ˵ţʱգ֪ˣ˶¼ɵ֮
ֻôûΪһ֪ˣǺö˶Ҫô˻ɱ
ɾ
׺һ±ûֻǷˣҲ֪ɾţǵ֪ɾɣǶԣͬ˵һڣȴ׶
һʱ˿̣˵ʲôʱ뷲ȴԼ֮ݣǷӹ⾳ԽԽôһᣬǺȻһԼӦ֮
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һ˵ţһľȥ׺һ£̧ͷǧ׷ȵȡǣǻ𣿡
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ʱһʵЦ⣬һ֣˵֮⡣
Слл㡣
һΣڶ˵ոͻȻסˣᷢʲô顣
޳֡ôͻȻЩֵֹˡ
׺Ҳоˣʱϣһ˵壬ĸ֮⣬ָоǷȴͣ

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Χϸ˿ĹȶϷȥ磬ߣ߿Գȥ
һ˵ֻ꣬ĹȶϷȥͣԭأӰһ
Ա׺ȥɼվԭûҲһͣס˽Ų޳֡ôˣ
磿Ǹ߰عһվԭأ
ӰһһԼ磬ĳһطʹӲһ̣Ҳˡ
һԵٸܹ飬ΨһˣҲֻаΨһģҲֻСʱ򣬴ĶѾǶˡ
Щ֣ǱԶ˼ӲļκҲ޷򿪣ûˣˣһҲûˣ
ԣҲˣԣűԽԽ˰ɡ
ǴʱǰİŮȴһֱΪ硭
硭ôˣ
վһԲ˻ֳΧط˿˵ǣǲǱߣҲԡ
Ǳ߰ɡ
ڿˣ̧ͷһۣС˵ղôѽ
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ҡҡͷոָķȥ׺عҲȥ

ѾɽΧľïܣɽʯͬʱصϢ
ǿ
׺ҲܳˣɽǱһһǿƷţκҲȥ档
ѵϺνĴ˵һһλǿĽ󷨣Ϊһʮ׵ĸо
ݣˣţ
һָţͬʱüͷ壬һ̧ͷ磬֪ˣŶݼﲼŶݼǣڣڡ
һ˵ţһ߳ΧȥɫȻ䣬˵š
š
׺΢΢һֲӸղһ͸еһɷ֮ţǽŵţ


1016 Ѫ̳
׺ǷˣҲֹ֪񣬶Ȼ֪һǲ֮У³ܱ
޳֣ڡô죿
֪˴Ǿ֮׺ټóȻˣУܻΪ̤һǧ׽٣֮лҷ
ֵɽЩγɣ±
˿̼Աʲô׺ȥСʵã𣿡
ȻֻƿŶݼ󣬲ʹǹȵֳҪƿȴһ
һԲע⣬ŵУ˽һΪãˣһΪѾӡҲûʲôΪ׺ܹӦΧ仯ҲûκΪԡ
˼Ƭ̣˵

ȥָһС˵ţ󡭡˴̧ͷЦЦǾߡ
ֱڶʱ˲Ŵš֮أհʱ֣һƬɽ֮УΧľƬƻ֮Уһ˵ɭȻ֮С
֪ΪΣԽǰΧߵģԽɭɭĸо׺ųⲻпѹһЩɭȻҲֻ׳׳ӡ
ߣΧïܴ֣ȴЩ£ԽԽڣΧľԽԽ谵ɭȻ֮УҲԽԽأһ˿紵ݶһ
ģѾ߿һЩ֪ץסֱֳۣھʲôҲһֻСèץֱ۲š
ʱȻͣͣ£Ҳͣܿ˿κη紵ݶЩ˼ɿ֣Ҫǰȥʱȴһסͬʱһơ
ᴵڴʱȴһ˵ļȻ֮У׺Ҳס˺̧Ľţ˻ȥȻСľǲݴ档
˰ļʾҲȥ˲ڲݴֻаķ磬˵ߴԴһ˿ĺ⡣
ȻûãһȻ˴ӿ
΢΢һȻһɲǣѾܵϼصɱ
׺ȻҲܹܵԽԽɱŲʱҲѾ߲ݴԽԽˡ
ո⸽з˵Ϣ
ֻһ𣬽ģһϢߣѾ˲ĲݴԽԽˣֻǴʱɫ谵Ƕ˿档
׺ѾסҲѾöѪ룬ֻҪٿһЩԥؽѪȥ
˵Ϊ㲻ϺܸߣԶˣֻĳѰӣаս֮һɱ
˰ɣɽҰзˣǴܳģмλţЩˣǲҲӵó
ʱ谵֮һ˵ȴһֵİꡣ
ǰ˵Ǹӣݴ￴һЩɻ֮ɫУǵýȥҸղŷоз⸽Ϣһ¾ʧˣһ˵⣬˭𡭡
ˡ
ǸҪݴȥʱߵİֽץסˣҿϽߣ𵢸ˣͷ£ǲҶ𡣡
ڰȰ֮£ǸӲȥߵӰ֮˲ŴӲݴ߳
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׺Ÿղȥķ˼Ƭ̣ո˵ʲôмλţЩ˲ӣ仰ʲô˼
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Ÿղμ֮ȥķһ˵ţһ߽ѪӸղ˵֮УȻһЩһεǹȣ²ô򵥣Ҳ˶֮ʿǰˡ
ʱҹĻѾȫ£һƬΨԶɽ룬¶ֵ
ʱ߿֮кȻһӥХ׺̧ͷȥֻֻӥͷ˵ַʲô޳֣ҪȻǸȥ

΢΢ͷ뿪֣ϵӥһ·ǰУɽﱾǶ࣬ѰЩҩɢЩζҹЩҲͲҿˡ
Լһʱһ»ɽʹɽںһƬµ·Ҳ塣
ֻԽǰУԽܹܵһϢʹɽ棬Ҳصǰ߱ضʲô
˴Ƭֺɽ壬ҹʱӿ죬⸽ǧӳյԽξ
ܸоǰЩɭɭġ
һɽϺǹĸоˣ׺ȫ˸Ҫǰ̽ȥʱȴһ½סˡ
޳֡ôˣ
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ҲץֱۣɽһߣֻС˵ǰйɷǳֵ緢𡭡
һЩ
֣Сǰȥ˴һƬݴԣһʯ棬ԼԼѾܹܵɽ洫ֻɽ£һŨʹ˿澿ʲô
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⡭
׺һͬСɣ˳ˣѪ֮ҹҪصɱصصܹγѪ֮ҹ
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ˣΧɷ֮Ҳһܹ࣬оó
ʱһ߽ץֱۣһ߶ɽ治ţ⸽ѪԽԽأһҲԽԽңļҡҡͷʾⲻú¡
عͷʱʳξвһ㶣ֻһڻȪʱʱȥñ䣬κҲ޷
˪¹һûһΪȴ·Ǳ¹⣬Ҳһ±Լĸ磬ǸöãϲǸµĸ硣
˼֮ʣɽµĲѾʼɢȥˣ±ߵκ׺һ¶֮ɫǣǡ
ֻɽ棬һѪ̳һ̳ɹŵģȻѪ
ÿһ̳棬վ߰˸ˣ֪ʲôжļ̳ϣֻߣϵص档
⡭
˹µһĻֻеһ󵨺ľ̳Щѵǻ˵Ѫ
Ȼ䣬ʱߣ˵ʲô˲ӣѵǾԻ˼룡


1017 Ѫ
һ뵽Щ˾Ի룬Ǹеȫһʶ߿˿ѹ͵Щˡ϶Щħаޡ

һѪ̳˵Щˡˡ
š
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Ѫ˵һڻţ߶Ŀתʯ棬Աߣʵһţֻûˡ
ˡⵤڳˣ
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ˣʦ
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ડડડ
ʱĽŲļ̳תȥֻһµ˹ɫȴǲá
ʦܡˣ
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ڳˡô
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˿̣ɫȴûκα仯ֻעǼ̳档
ֻ̳ϣЦֹ򳤳̾ͷʦܡҪ˵˰ɣò⻯ֻҪµҩǱܽɹˣҵ֮Ӵ˱óһУͶˣ𣿡
̧ͷһؿǰλʦܡ
ڣʦ룬Ȼֻг
ȻЦָֹ̳ܵһѪأһһʮƭţƭɣȴ
Σ
ȻǰǸµҲͼɣֱΣǸԸˣҲԼѡ񣡡
Լѡ񣬺ǺǺǡ
Ц߳̾ǲҪвУʮһУѵΪ˽񻯷ɣֻҪµҩǾܽɹˡ
˵գͷһöѪȥȥʱ˫ۣһȻҲʮʹ࣬Ͼ˵Ѫɵġ
ߣ
ǺһߣҲѪһͣȴǰ㣬һھȥûκα仯
һҲѪȥھֻʣûзҩˣ̾ǰ˼ѪȥʦܣҩɣճʱǾɹˣΨгҽ޵ĿܣܴﵽǴ˵еʮ֮
Ǻǡ
ȻһЦһȴ̳ΧѪأѪ̳ɵĳǲҪҲգ
˵ֻ꣬ת̳ȥ߼ȥȻһһ죺ʦܣʲôҪȥġ
ͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷһȻȻصͬΪı֮ͬ꣬ڴˣλʦ֣ء˵գ̤̳ȥ
ʦܡ
һȻߣȴִⲻͷգֻҡͷһۣ̾˵ʹ֮ɫ

̾Ϣһ̣ȻһҽдӼ̳Ǳߴ֮۾ȴϣѾһѪɫɽ˵ѪȫѪ֮ˣվԵĺߡ
ʦܡʲô
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˵˴ϵŭݣʧڵϵ߿ȥһ˵ʹࡣ
ߣ
һߣ̳ȥϵɱԽԽأЩ꣬ʲô¶ҲͰˣ񻯷͵ߣ㻹֪ôԼ
㡭㡭
ѪҪ˹ȴǰѪɽѹģȻǰѷɽҲܴأߵĶ֡
Ȼ㲻ԸϿڵĳǾգ
˫ɱʹȫһͷ£顱һߵʱѪʱû˺
ʦܡ
̳棬ǻһɫһ±ò԰öʺѪҲȥһֱ˳ż̳ߵʬϡ
һ죬ɽعȥż̳ˣ˵ѴϣҲ֪ƻһ£ʦִɸǵⳤ

߳̾ϢһԸٶ࿴һۣ˫һ㣬̳ȥҲȥ
ߡ
Ŷȥķ򣬺һߣҲ漴һâȥЩѱƵĵӣҲȥ̳Χֱһĳš
ʱɽϣӺ潫ţ죬ȵ˵Ϣʧ󣬲ɿ
ոտǺɱߵһĻʧ˳ҺʱӺס죬˷ǣԲ롣
ʱȻۣɫҲЩ΢΢ףţԱߵ׺Ҳˣһ棬ʱֻһ磬̣Ѫȣʵ硭
ãϵѪɢ»£׺ȴѲǸղŵ׺ˡ
ޣ޳֡
ֻתɫأЩҰףţǣǾȻԷ
˴̧ͷʼղ˵˲̡ΪΣΪ޳ȴһҲ⣿
ҹпһ棬ˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
һһ̣ԺȴٵԼ
ǸʱԼôܹɣΪģֻΪùֻΪгһգܹŰȥԶĵط
û·ԭѪ̳ɵġ
ҹ˼֣һȥ֮£׺濴ȥ濴˻û
޳֡
硭
ҪչṦɽ¼̳Ǳ߷ȥʱ׺ȴͬʱסƺûΪڣ˲ܰģǸղſǿµһĻ


1018 
紵ɽȻһѪϢع˿ˣ׺һɿ䣬Ҳһ±üûû£޳֣ȥɡ
΢΢ףٶԣ˫һ㣬ʱչṦǼ̳ȥ
䵽Ǽ̳ʱΧѪ֮øŨˣһѪɢζֱŻ
ܸղЩѾ뿪ˣʱȻܣһСߵµĵط
ֻ΢һ̽ȻѾû˺ԪҲɢһ˿֮ĵоһ˿˸
Ӵ˺͸ղǼ˵ΣԼЩƵĵѾµˣЩڵˡ
Ҳ֣⴫˵֮֮أҲڹ֮أ˽в֮
ֻǸղЩ˵ֻҪѪƵĻܹɹȣǼ˿еɹȣӦָ֮ˣ֮ȣҵ֮ɵó
λǰҲԼѰ֮֮ʲô
Īǵ˳Ч
ڵ⼸ˣħʮϧ˵ѪǻѪ
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֮۾ҡҡͷ⸽Щ쳣ҸӦöʯڡ

΢΢˵ͷٶʣԶɽӰȥ˵а˰֣ͷǹڣڹȥСģղЩˣ
ոЩˡ
һ뵽ղż̳Щˣ׺зߺޣҲеֵη壬Ǻߣɱϣ̿£ɱͬʦܶգһۣ֪˼ֱǸѪɱħ
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׺һ̣޲׺һʣ̧ͷ΢΢һ£˿ƽʱԭеĿ־壬һ¸ҡ
£
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ųų˵̧ͷ͵͵һۣСֹ˵ǵСèҲŲǡ
֪˴ȥǹȵΣգԭǲǣöȥֻ²ǸΣա
߰ɡ
ԥһΪ⣬뷲ҲûһͨͨԪӤߣ潻棬֣ߣȻΪ͡
˾ѷԷƵĻողԣǹȵ棬żĽƣô˵ΪʱҲؽޡ


1019 ǹ
ֱڶҹʱ˲˰֣һ̱а㸡߽һЩܸܵһʮ쳣
ù֡
׺עܣȻҲоˣǹ쳣ֵľͷ
Щ
֪⸽ȻڵˣʶҪܿЩ˲ѣοЩ˶Ѿߵķˣжɵ
ҹĻСƬϵ¹ֻܹУʼѰһ㣬С
Լһʱ˲ڴƬֻ֣ͷ¹ˮԭȴһƬӳŵ¹⣬ԡ
ѵǹˣ
ǰ׺ܣ¹µһжɼɽˮǰٻʢĴ֣޲͸һɾ
ط֮ǰһ·ɽ;ȫȻֲͬô˶ҲﾹΣûЩһ֮ҪҵҲװɡ
ꡭˡ
Ȼ˸ƣֻһߣԶȻмӰЩ·ʮֽӲЩסڵӡ
̶ⱻЩ˷֣һֻǼںΧѲһȦȥ
ǡ
ǼʧԶȥһΪտĵطֻ֮ǰ̳ߣʱϥڵϣϺͷаðƺʲô
ڡ
΢΢һһżġܹ׶һ˵ΪʱüߵΪڲϵˣһˡ
ʹûʱҲܹܵõϵϢѾԽԽˡ
һ̣ѾȫȫˣҪ֮ȣȹƣ֮ˣȴԹǹǲƣˣűʹԼɡˣͼǹȡ

ʱϵϢѾޣȥһָֻоȴλǰؤһȻ⡣
˿̣ϢһעԶˣȻѾû֮˵Ϣ˵Ϸӹ档
ܹ֮ʹԼ뷲ȫǿѪѪȴƶɵĻ
λʦܣΣ
ۣһ˲䣬ﾹƽ緲ˡ
Ҳ۾ȥѾõӹˣȴֻһЦۿЩ˵о˿ҲãǰѾӹĸˡ
һѾ
һʱһõ˵ģԼԼǷӹˡ
ߵֻάʮʱãʮʱڣǱС
߰ɡ
˲ԥҰȥǼʮѾƵĵӣʱҲͬһ㣬Ӳظȥ
ܹ񣬵ֱԷƵӵ˼жȻͬһĲݣֻ³ˣֿȫ
Զȥ֮׺Ŵһʯ߳
ֻü΢ʧķ˵ǱߺĽ󷨡
һЩ
ǰȥ˿ȥƺҲͬԼһʱʧȥһΪ£ǲܵģϾ⸽Ǽ⣬֪Ƿűˡ
СһƬʯǰֻһʯڴˣÿһʯͷ棬ӡ˷ģЩʯͷǽ󷨵ˡ
ʱʯĶ棬ֻЩƵĵӣȫ棬Է͵Ϯ
һһʯͷʼ任λٶԽԽ죬ԭգһ̣ҲȻ˴Ƭơ
׺ǿȸĪĽ󷨣ȴƶۻ𣬺Ȼɫһ䣺Щ
ôˣ
ȥʵȸӵ󷨣һʱƬ̣Ҳ޷ƽ֮
һֻ̣ɫЩ΢΢ף˵󷨡ǿǹȵ󷨣һ󷨱ȿĻʱǾͽȥˡ
ô죿
׺üһʵ
ƺڸӹĽ֮ȵķϾǧ裬Ϊҵǹڣºòҵˣȴֻܿű˽ȥôУ
ȵȣ롭
Ҳü˼һſڵǣȻǿ󷨣˲С
˵֮ʱ˵󣬺Ȼһɺ׺һһתͷֻ治֪ʱվˣ˫Ѫ죬ʮֲֿ
㿪
һ죬ƿҲͬʱһ˲䣬ƵĿһƴ¡һʱ˸ովһʯ÷顣
缤лǿܵס׺ȴѱѪӿֹʱֻæס


1020 
飡飡
죬׺մվȣֹϮȥԱʯ÷顣
쳾֮Уֻһ׺˲γһߵĿ˴ȥȻͣǿؿڣһ½ײ˾ǵǹ룡
ǧҶɻ
һȣ˫ѸٽһӡΧڵҶȫһƬƬУ˷ȥ

ֻһ𣬼Ƿ罣Ҳ˿޷˺
ôᡭ
΢΢һ䣬ϰ䣬ǧҶɻķˣɶˣȴһ˺Ҳɲˡ
ɷɷɷ
Ȼ䣬ɷ˫Ѫ죬͵سȥһˣһ˲֮ʣֻݡ죬˺Ȼˣȴһ˲䷢ö룬ʱסϵѨ
˴ĶȻʯǱߵˣʱȴڳ˿ûߵĶ

׺˿˹ȥ׺ҡҡͷûû¡޳֣СģǱߣ
δ䣬ֻ⸽ȻղĿˣһ˫Ѫ죬ģ£ʱɫһף૵ô࡭
ɷɷɷ
ת˲䣬ЩѾһ׺ͻΧȥ
ݣݣݣ
뷢꣬ٷУ׺ҲޣΧһһںնЩĿˡ
˫ֲϽӡСľϵ֮£ֻЩϲȥ
һ·սʯֽˣҲѾüû뵽Ϊ˲õ˸˽
ȫʢʱڣԿһĳƣѾǡʱΪһɣһƷˡ
ۼԽԽЩڶǰѾ÷ƵĵӣѳɿܣԵֵסλǺˣ֪˵ز󷨣Ҵ

һ죬׺һǰһĿˣʯǺơɡ֣Ҫͼ׺Ͷǵͷ
˵գֻһһʯնȥ顱һǾʯϵķӡһ˸󷨣Ҳһ£ƣʱӿ
״˽һŭȵСס֣ǵǺˣ
ݣݣݣ
ʮö뷢󼸸˶סʯ棬ˣ˵Ѫ꣬ɻΥ񡭡ⳤô
㡭
һԣϸһ֪ģ
Σ沼в󷨣˿ȥûжߵΪѰģǵʲôˡ
֪˲֪ġǾ°գ
ȻǺɱδ䣬ݡһһָ˲
ɲҲ˲չܿһָûΪʩչɲһЩԪļ򵥲
߼ûΪϢȴǹ죬еɱһ±øˣ˴ȥһ
ȥˣȻɹȣ½棬Ҳ֮ˡ
ŴԣȻҲһ·Ӧ˹ΣҲ˻߳һǵ˵˳ȥ롣
˼ˣ߲ȥ󷨣ʱһ¸ϵƲסӿ
˹ͣȻΪҲƲС˫ֽӡһʩչǧҶɻ
Ҷһ㻮գѰˣӦΪǰ˶ԣȴ̫ˣ˵ΪֻʣһɲҲ޾ǧҶɻ
ͣ
ǿת˲ѹһۣݡһö뷢
ģ
ƼܿһöСС룬ǴʱȴоõСѾͷķв

һȣһƴȥ˵ΪͬѾʱڣһ֮ȴǲС
ֻǵʯƷ£׷׻Ϊ촷ۣɲٶܿ湥ƣͬʱö뼤˳ȥ
һΪȻ⣬ȴȻʮݣûΪαȵùһѪյˣ
ܿ죬˱ѷ֣ûһΪҪԸһˣʮֲס
¡
ʱʯȻһ죬һ㣬ֻһʯͷʼ任λǵڶ㣬㣬һһ㣬һɽ֮ӡ
Ҫˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ڵȻҲˣһ󷨷ʱ˭Ҳǹˡ
£ǶԣҪǽǰ鷳ȥǰˣκǻҩЧʮʱʮʱڣǶ޷Ϊ
ΪڣҪɱǰˣ˵練ƣ˿벻ǰ˭ɽ̫ãҲû֣һΪڣҪɱˣѴ֮
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֮ϣмʯͷƶԽԽˣôȥһʱᱻ׷
ˡȥҿҸһ
׺ǰ̫̫࣬ңȥǿĻǷˣҲӲҷ³
ȵȣҿ
ֻ˫һ㣬˰Уһ˳ȥһɲǣʯλԳԺ
һ㣬ߣʯͷ
ã
׺˿ԥҲͣ˫һţʱչṦȥ˵ǰޣҲһɫâ
Ȱ
һ̳顱һŵķӡϣʯʱһҲһԵʯͷͣ
ŷӡһ˲䣬Ϻ֮УȻһ׳ʱһģ
׺ı仯ʮ񣬸ոһɲǣӦΣգδ֮ʱȻչṦԾȥ¡һ״ʯͷϣʱʯͷ÷顣
ڶ㣬ߣ
ֱߣ
ã
׺ͬ˿ԥٴ˵ŷȥͬһ룬ͬ£ͬչ롣
һֱĴ׺ɣʵÿһζעһǽУǴһţؽ֮лҷ
ٺ٣Ҿ˵׺һ򶼲
Ĵ׺˲ϵĺˮ棬Ҳһ亹ĻһҴ
Ӧá
׺ţδ˵꣬Ȼֹʱ棬ҲʲôͻȻɫһ䣺⡭׺
֮ʣֻźȻѪ죬ȻмڳһֻۣȴŻţı߶ȥԼһɾ롣
ĵѪ⣬ڵ΢΢һȥغˣˣ˭Ҳȥˣ䣬һƴȥ
ǲֻҪƻۣˣ
׺ǰ׵ţĸӦ񣬴ʱܸ֪Σգһ̣ȴδ˺һ˳Ļ󷨷ʮ֮ڣҲ򲻿ˡ
ʱһʣɫ΢΢һף˵ûǡģ
ٺ٣ûˣ
׺ЦЦĿ·һţ˵޳֣ҽʹȥΣ
һԣǺһЦССˣ𣡡
޳֣㲻˵Ҿ͵ͬˣ
Ȼ׺˫һţȥɫ΢΢һ䣺
󣬱ҲóȻ룬׺ķ֮룬ȻҲɣ

Ҳŵɫ䣬û뵽׺˵ȥȥ˿̣Ҳֻ׺ȥ


1021 
СӲҪˡ
һΣҲ¶˾ɫ˵ˣҲȥСӵǳţ»
׺
ɫһҪȥ׺ȻǺȴʱͻȻ裬һֱϮͷֻ֮ͣҪһ
統ģ
һߣǺ͵Ϯһһ˲䷴Ӧ˹һ㿪Ǻߵһ׺ȴҲȥ
ٺ١
һ̣׺ϷǵûоɫŴݲȵЦͷһ·һ˵ȴնʶ棬ҲֻĴҡ
Ҳˣͻȥҵ˵ȥˣһΣҲȥˡ
׺
󷨽Ҫһ˲䣬ֻ׺ȥ¡һ죬ĺƣʱ߾£˹ݣ졣
׺һ˲䱻˺һ㣬۷ʯֻһ֮ңÿһȫĹѪˣʹ࣬Ա

׺һֻ۲Ѫ˿ϺͲҲѪ͸˿¼ˣŵɫɷףҲ΢΢
ô׺ֲû
һ̣ǻȥˣǽжҲһǷҷû˳þȫ۷ʯȥ
ÿǰһ׹˸޵֮ԨҲûлͷ·ǰǾһ˺
ôܡ
ߣʱҲЩ΢΢ȣһˣǿ֮ܳǵȿµĽơ
׺
׺ѵǽÿǰһ磬ҪһѪѽİȾ죬ҲϷ
һ̣ϣ·𿴼ˡǸٵԼ
ʦϲľˣҲ䡭
䡭Ҳ䡭

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ʱһ콫ӵŻеĻ˻ֻܲԶźޣľ
ˡ
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Ƚƿף˵һˣǵٸߵ֮ˣҲҪ˲ҷ𲻿ɣ

ŵס۾һ˲䣬¡һĿףϹŭһ㣬׺ȥ
ƾ䣬ʧɫ
׺
ɫһ䣬ڿµһ˲䣬һ³۴ȥһ̣ѾˣԼΪѾӡ
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ףԶŭһ㳯˳͸ָ쿴һĻŵþһ۾ȥ

֮ޣһɲǣ˫ּ侹һӿ¡һǽĿףҲܡ
쳾һףȻȫղͻȻֵ䵽Χȥ
⡭ôܣ
ڵ߾һȿֲףȫʢʱҲܶԿˣСӿȥûκΪΪξܽҲ𴦣
̳ɢȥ˫֣Ҳ΢֮ɫԼΪѾӡɸոǹǴģѵ
һɲǣӹһ⾳һ
ٿ棬׺Ѿ£֣Ҳ۴ķʯ档
ѪȾʯֻٺһЦ׺ɲ䡭䣬߶顱һǷʯˡ
⣡
߽һ°Ҫȥֹ׺һ˲䣬ƴŶһɰ֮䡱һʱ⵹˳ȥ
ˡ
۾ȥϲ¶ϲɫ
һͣȻ֮һշӡֻȻֳһľ֪ľͨδȴһɷ׵͸
޳֡ǣҵǹˣҵˣԭ桭ԭϺνĴ˵ģ
׺ӵվϲ⣬һ̣ԼԼ¶Ļ棬ϵʹһ㡣
ˣǽɹȡ
ǹȵڳڣǴʱȴֽȥ棬ڵ߾ɫһ䡣
Ϊ˽ɹȣЩǺľѪϧôෲΪΪƳѱԭġǰһУȴ˼£
ܸģ
һ˲䣬˶һۣ׹һǿн⿪ϵĲΪӡһ³ȥһ̫죬ӦʱȴѾǺ߶ס˺

һУ棬׺һǷſ
ſҲС
һֻ̣׹¶ٴһþ˳Ҿĺ
ǣ
׺Ŀѣû뵽֮˾˱ɣֻΪһ˽ɱôෲ˲˵ڻһŮҪЮʲô֮ˣֱʧ͸ˡ
ߡ
һߣǰĳķŹٲֶΣֻȵһ

ס˿ãǵͨ죬溰磬Ҳ¡Ҫҡȥ

ٴһȣеɱˣ˫üô죿Ϊ⣬ոյҲֻһ˲䣬ܴߡ
ɱ飬ɥĲΪ˳ʲô¶óֲ֪ݣ˿ûмɵ˿˵ͻ

׺ɫһȥ޳֡ô죿һɱġ

ȫɱ֣ʱ˫Ҳһ±Ѫ죬ɫɷףһ±۾
һ˲䣬֪ȻһϢֹʱ׹ԨҲҶһ¡
ǶãԿ
֪Ӻδ֪ĺ⣬಻֪ɱ


1022 ɹ
㡭ǽˡ
ĹˣӰ㣡㣡
Ǻ߱ѾڼȽ״̬ʱ󺰴Уķңұ죡

ס˵ˣʱǱٴ𣺡һ£ҽʬΡ
֮䣬ͻȻ׹º仰Σڵߣһ̶ز
ǵΪѲͣǴ˿ȴ̲סĲ޷ֿɷ·塣
ԷûѾ˾޴ѹָоǣһ֮ǣԪӤߣǴ˿̣ȴԪӤ˻һӲ
ǻСſ
ʱԶȻһֻķӰԽԽȴһģӣһϢߡ
˲Ǳˣȴ׺죬ˣԭ˾Ҳڵˡ
󣬴ӡ
ǱͻȻ˺ڵߣһȻڵݲͣߵݣҲ֮ϡ
ˣ
߷һ߳ȣ˵ʱһ׹ѣʱſһߣѲ֪ʱһŮӣ˪񣬿ǡ
⺮Ŀע£˾еһϣǡ
ɽ̫ˣֻζ֣ȴʶˡ
ʱԶ̨ϣһŮӣǱˣζ
ƮƮ̨̤һѷǷһ̵Ĺą̤̂˴˻ӳ
̨ԷǷǶǰɾȡһƶɣΪҶȡġ̨ȡ޹һһɼ
Ľޱȣâ˫ɽ֮ƥУȴ֪ˮͣһϡ
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ǾԵʵ壬ĳ˵澳ԪҪпᣬԪٻάָɼٻȻΪٸߣҲɱˡ
澳ͲͬˣȲ˵ζʵҲԶ֮ϣҪɱˣ˵練ƣɱˣΣ
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棬׺һ̨棬ӵˣʵ󣬲Ŷ̶Щ죬ôഫ֮ˣЩˡδҲ̫ǿˡ
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׺ӹĵҩһڷ£ʱеһ֮߱ȫղڽ֮ˣȻˡ
޳֣ҩ档
°ٻ֮׺Ȼܲϵʹˣ֮Уҩ

΢΢ͷٶԣȥľ֮ȣ׺һۣȻһˣһ̣оеȻʧգľȥˡ
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ʱֻԶڵζ˹֣ɫ򶨣ȴǲ˭ǣƫƫҪȥµŮˡ
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صȻǿ˸ȥǣȴҸҽа壬ձ󣬱ϾϹҡ
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㡭ЩİҵҲҲ㡭ƮƮڵ棬ʵ
ζ޹̨𣬲δشĻֻ￴ȥ˵֮Ƿбķǹȡ
Ŷ
ٶԣϸ۲һſڵÿʱ仯һʱҵˡ
˵˴̧ͷС㣬Ǹ
ζ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵ȥԺ󣬲ҪٸǸ߽

һ£ôһ¾֪ԼҪ˵ˣֻͷȥСǡҵ𡭡
˭֮˵ģ
ζĻһɫطʵ֪ʲô𣿡
ʲô˰
̧ͷһգգؿǰλʱǳĽ㣬ѵʱգ㻹ΪȪһ¶Ǻ
ζпȥ˵ˣۼ˴ССħɣЩĴ֮ħ֮ˡ
ħħ֮
һôħ֮ļλϣʹ޵ıħˣڵɣҲħƲ
ζһ˵֮Ժ󣬲Ҫһˣ֪𣿡
Ŷ֪ˡԺԺ󲻸һˡ
ͷܼˣЩȻûΪҲǾȫԼ׺ôħ֮
ζҲٶԣ棬ʱȻǵãڻȪȵصСڤǸʱѣʱ㯵Ϲħ£ûи߹κˡ
֪ˣڻȪȵصȻһϹʱڵħ⽫ˣ
Ͼ֮ǰеħȫʧˣ꾿ʲôûκμأҲûκ֪


1023 ǹ
ǹƣԶɽɶ֮ͣУ徺ƣвӥӰ߰ӥХ֮ɽ֮شòϢ
ٹ۽Ⱥأٻޣͱٲ齦¾۳̶̶ˮγһϪּʹֻԳ¹ӵȶڰˮЩС˲
޳֣⡭ǹȣ
׺УһʱΪ澰˾֮أɾӾȴǡ
ĪǴ˵ģǴϹʱɾԶ׷ţˣﾭ
׺Ź澰һʱ䣬ǵȴһгǣǣţҺθɣоһ䡣ǧ
δ뵽ǹڷ֮УȴһֳףȻ䣬뵽λǰĻԨ֮йǣ֮ǧһ
Ȼ棬ǣǴ˵ǧһ֮ȴںδ
޳֡㿴
׺ָǰԶֻɽУһ羵ĺǴ̳ξĺʱճҫ֮£ȴǺƻ֮Ϣ
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1026 Ȼ
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1027 䣡
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ԼڵԪһҲ·ζʱ
⵽סʲôƷȥȴָ˳صһѹȸУ
Զɽº棬ɫһǡˣ
һ˲䣬ԥһ´Ա߻ڳ׺һ߷ȥ
Ҳͬʱһ˲䣬ζѾƷʲôƷҹ漫Ϊġơ
ƣʱ󷢾ŵһǿһκֵܹסһ
¡
һ죬쳾ʱȻζδ˾硣
ˣҲˣǿסǰ󷢼˲Ϣһ½Ѫ˳ȥͬʱǺɽ£Ҳֱӱˣľ٣
⡭
ǹ̳ɢȥ˶ĿģֱŸղһĻ
ֻǿչɽ£ǱֱӴݻˣǱһ޴ӡǱˣ
ޡ޳֡
ʱӡ׺ȫһ亹ǴӹŹ˳һ
ΪӡǸղĵطոһ˲չɲ˲ƿˣֻˣҪǿֲ»ҷˣܱԪ񣬶һˣֻ
˿̣ǱٵɽȥֻߵʯѪֹ
вһݡζովҪҪɱң


1028 ɹȷ
ɽﴵһ̣˶ȻոƷǡ
˶֪Ʒʲô˿ڳһЩһȴǲ˾֮ɫǡҵľƣƾƣһ˺׼ʥܵУ
ոζʹľƣ䲻磬Ҳ˿£
׼ʥ޷âο׼ʥµߣʵֻԡֲݡ
һ̣˶һЩӣʱŰƮƮζǳճյؿϵһ
ϡ
Щ˶ʧǵɽȥʱشߣɫǲҰֽ岻סţǼɵţʱҲԭأһľ

ǿ˹ʹȶִȡöҩϰԵУʹˣɫԲá
ô꣬õҩò׿ʥȴһ󱲣Ҳ֡
ٺ٣ٺ١
ֻɫ԰׵زЦһ̣жʱһޱȵĴܸĪ統λǰԣҩȻʹΪһʱվԼһУ鸡羵ˮ£һ顣
һ鸡Ϊ׼ʥ֮ȴ˲һҪһ鸡Ϊкã
Ȼ֮䣬ֻһͷ׷͵̧˫ƣܵ˼̼ҪȥԼһΪΧҼӼ״ŵûɢæȥϡҪ
ϡ򲻿ɣ
ʱǼɵҲ˹ȫǺȻ֮ɫգ߻ǱֹֻǲЦֹ
ɽڣûաշ
ǰīɫ۵İߣ˵ŸոգҲǱߵľٶˡ
һССۣҲ޷ܣ֮ǳµˣѹ㲻Ķ֡
ʱ֪δȻһ䵭Ů˽һһ仰ǻϽ
ҵĵʱķŭӶȥ˵֮ʱȴ΢΢һǲٿڶ˵ʲôˡ
ֻӰһŮӣһϼѩ˿٣ζȻȴҲ͸һɱ϶ˣӻ߳һִģ˿ˣ̲סһ
ȴͷ׶ǣұߣһȥʮָīߡ
СġҪô˵
īС˵һ䣬ȻȴȻ䵭Ҳ񣺡û˵ʲô
ٺ٣ٺ١
Զɽϣҵɫ԰׵زЦߵЩӣҶԣԶҲвŮ˭ȻҲϳˡ

һ׺һָҲ͸ֺ޺֮⣬ȻǣߵʱֻİȴŮӵͷǸҧˣ˵ʲôƥ𡭡
Ķôòû뵽˵ôᣬ
ǺŮӸī߳ûú󣬿չȵһߣִһŮЦ֮
һѭȥֻԶһôϣ֦ϲ֪ʱһСȹŮԵõػСš
ŮԼʮ߰ģС磬ζǱĶĺŮһ㵭ȻȥȴƤɰ˼ˣʱ̲סϲ֮顣
СѾͷʲôˣ
˽΢΢һոǷûκ˽ȣŮǴðģȻڳģûһ˿
ζҲǱһۣȻ֪Ů˭ֻǴ˿̣ƽˮûκα仯
ȻôòǱСĹο
˾֮ʣŮ˲߷һʱһʵɻ
Ƕɻһֻʳ֮ɫл裬һֻɫҲһֻ֮Ӱһ֪Ƿ֮
ԷȴǴͷ𽾪ﻷഫϹʱڣһλ죬ڲС
٣עˣ
ŮЦһ˫ֽӡǶɻʱâʢХųĶȥһʱ䣬ɽȶ˵Х֮
Сģġ
īһ䣬䱸Ķȴֻһһ¼һâɽɽͬʮֲͨɫΪһâ֣͸һɼǿĽ

ڿнײʱɿһɿȥͬʱҫ۶ĿĹâϢͬʱ۾Ҳˡ


1029 ǿ

Ķһȣ϶Ȼһ̼㻯ǧɫǵسŮնȥ
񳯷
ŮҲʾ˫΢һӡֻһھ𣬰еʱ֮ӰһƬɫֵ
ĶСշҪ׽סɣ
סԷĽŮЦһĿǴ˼ӣֻ˫ֲϽӡͬʱдʣĳֹϵűһ𽾪ﻷȻһ³ĶȦȥ
Сġģ
һɻƼᣬī΢΢һԡ𽾪ﻷ񳯷ﻷи׶֣ɻɼɲġ
һսȥǷٸǿˣҲѲˣ̣ڻлΪһ̯ŧѪ
ۼһԻͣĶȻҲҴ⣬չͬʱٻâɽ
֪¼ҵĹϹʱڶԨԴǳǰѾͷΪߣһɷȴýϻԹһοЩöԷ뻷У򲻸ٴ⡣
ʱԶ˶ĿϾӣ׺ҲǴ۽ˣ˿̿ǰԸԵķԿǿɴһ
ԱȴԭǺŮռҵˣȻ䣬ϴˣһƣһޱƺҲռҵˡ
ʹ˫ŮǺˣ
ɷʹԭҡ¼ҡռҡűĪҡĽݡ棬Ҿͨ䣬¼ƺóɷŮĪǾǳ¼ҵˣ
䣡䣡䣡
̶Ƭ̼䣬Ǵ÷츲أըǻɵģҪɽȶݻһ
˶ԶȥʤδȴҪΧɽȸŪûҷˣղζ뱱׼ʥһսǿȴδȥ
˿ˣȴҪΪƽˣšǸǸֵɣһУǸ֣һдȥԷû£ȴΧɽ˸롣
ң
ȻĶ˸ӡǰâɽʱâʢҫ۹âһ֮ʱȴĶǰһֵӰ
һӣȴһͷѩ׷˫֮ϣһڲ£һɼǿĽ
ǡ飡
Զ˶˳вؽ飬֮˶ԣʲôֵ£Ѱ˵ĽнԻγ֣Ľ飬ܹζҡһ˼룬Ƿٻҹһ
СѾͷ˵´ͻȻٳҿɲ㡣
عͷƽƽ˵䣬ָһһն죬һ±㽫Ůһɻ˻ȥ
ǣǾǴ˵еĽ顭
Զľ׺΢΢һʶ彣˵ѽҲн飬ΪԼȴδܵйֱֻĸоֻʱУҲûˡ
飡
ִ죬Ķٳ飬⽣ʮ¼ŮȻз֣һʱƬ̣Ҳˡ
˲ˣֽ⽣ٻҲͷëͷСһ
Ķͷһʼں棬ɼŮ·󣬱Ҳˡ
Ůɻúܣ˫һ㣬ƮƮȥʱǺ棬˶ûע⵽֪ʱֶһӰ
һ£һȣü￴ŮĶսãȴ΢ЦҡȣʹĶٻ˽飬Ҳʼδ֡
ʱŮǰ˫һ壬üۿ磡Ա߿ţ۸ˣ㶼˵һ¡ĸ磡
ô
΢ЦȣŮͷһ£С۸ˣҿ϶Ҫˡ
㡭
ŮٵϸˣҪͷȴֹţһЦ˺ˣӻأҪˡ
˵գЦݣԶζȥһЦӣּˡ
˭ڳ˶ɻ˿ȥƺΪܸߣҲ󡭡
һ˽ϳѵǡ¼Ǵӣ磡¼ܳˣ棬֮ͬУΨζͥʵ
¼ҵҲˡ
Զ˽һһأһ³ļңǵʲôȫ֮ȣ
硣ζ̤Ȼֹͬˮ޲
硭һ֣˸һȻǳ¼ܳǸ𡭡
֪ʱҲζߣԶǸˣ֮ǰǸˣԭôǹĶѵҪ𡭡
Ǻǡ
絭һЦǰζЦӲԶ񣬲֪Ϊζ
Ŵԣ治˶ס˺ѵ֮𣿻Ǳʲô
ζɫȻ˵ʲôʣλϣʲô
ϡ
˸һѵǽͷʢǸ֮ѵҲǹ
ŶԶ˿ɲ䣬һЦԭ֮Ҳô
֮ʲô˰
Զ׺һɻ֣һ֮Щɫȫˣѵ˺޳֣֪졭޳֣ȥʲô


1030 ζ
׺û˵̧꣬ͷʱͿȥϲһҪųȥɽǱߵע⣬С޳֣ȥġ
δͣ½ŲȥʱɽЩҲ۲ֹϾоɫ¶ͬʱҲĴš
ոռҵ˳֣ǳ֣û˾ҵķӦһ֣֮ɽȣըһڳ˶ò
Ҳ֣ζҲãҲգ츳ٸߣΪٸߣУȻǺ󱲣ȻҪ澳Ĺ򣬵һȴͬˡ
һ֮𾪵ģ̫һ£ڵʱ˵ɿʱգನҲδֻͣҪһԻеһ
¼ţͬĸ𺳣Ǽ£붯ʮʥҽʥҩʥλݳǣҵλ׼ʥҲ
ȥ⣬˵ĺڰ޳ҲĶ֣ҲǧҲܹס
ִţһʮʮ٣Ȼⲻ˿ɷ棬Բ˸о֮һûκθ飬ɱ˸Եɵ֮ˡ
һˣʻ˸е£û˸ȥӽֻЩźΪһƵĿ
Ҳ֣ʼ䣬Ҳ࣬һ񣬱˸еҶҴһ֮ˣ˭ȥӽ
ǣе飬δ룬к˻ܹ
Щ꣬ᣬҲʼ޷ڲأԭеᡢ
統꣬Ǹѩ̤е꣬ɽÿһɽˮ֮أ٣ðͣʹֻһֻСˣԣҲʩȡ
һ꣬ȴ˵ħ
֮ħҲãգްȻʣ꣬ҲǸ
˿̣׺Ŀ£Ѿ֣߳ҲɽЩע⵽ˡ

һ̣϶¶˾֮ɫ׷ѩ˪֮
һʱУ۲ϣ˻򾪻壬ȴû뵽ͷʢ֮ովһֱ棬ǾȻûһ˷֡
ң׷ѩȴʲôߣһ֮ˡ
ޣ֮ʲô˼
ʱǺߵ׺ˡһȻһƬհףԶȥıӰЩʲô˼
Ϊʲôô
֮
޳֡
ڣͣ˫ֱָúʹǰһһԶζһ仰һҲ˵ŶԷ
˿˿ǵȻʱ֪ΪΣеһϣҲɵȻô
һô
ԶɽϣҵЩˣѾסˣ¶һ˿֮ɫΪԼ޷ϸܵһ˿һϢ
ǾֻһֿܣԷΪԶԼ֮ϡ
ǣôܡ
вһ֮ǰҺĶԹΪҵĳϣȻҲ˵Ǳ±ģˣԸȥһڣգ˱ض뱱һΪС
ϡ
ԱվŵһЩӣʱ̲סζǲе£ΪζϾҵˣܸҵôɱǡ
ǰ֮ǾͲһˣɱϣҪɱԼˣͲκι˼ɣ̫˾ɱ
ԵļͬסˣһҲҲҶ˵һ䣬ղζѾ㹻ĳˣȴǸһָѹϢĸо
Ǵ˿ܹӶԷϸӦΪϢãһҲУǴ˿̣ȴһΪϢҲܲǺεȿ¡
ˡ֮ôΪϣһΪϢҲûС
չ棬Ŀ⣬ɻ󣬵ȴκα仯СԱߣżȥһɷǸȤģ˳磡쿴Ǹˡñ˧
ԣعͷһ£磬ûûС
ߣ
ŮٵϸˣŵոջңǴСһ𳤴С˼۸
ȷǡһ𳤴󣿡
ͷ˿Цȴ־òʱˣŮ촽һҧ˫ֲϣŬȴԲߣüôҲǳñ㡭΢ôһߣ
˺ˣǱߡ
ȣסս£ʵڴ˵Цֻ˾ó¼ҵḡֳϡ
˿̣ɽ˷㾲˶ϢĿȫζϣˣӸղż棬һֱţȴֲ˵ʵ˸еųơ
һֱŵ˻Ȼ䣬֪ðһˡ
ɢͷ棬ָСӸͲ֮ϸһΪҲûС
Ⱥ󺰴Уܿע⣬ʱ˲ŷӦǰ֮ȷʵһΪϢҲûУòǼðİɣ
˽Դɻ֮ʱȴȻζڵò
һԣһ֮ʶǲϴˣǰˣһ
˳Ծ֮ʱһ̣ɽȴһţ˶סˣֻصкܾûˣζ
ɽȣ·˲һĳţǰǾ仰ҲûʲôǺ桭Ȼܵسƺζ
֮ͬУûκӸƺζһˡ
һ̣˶еһ·Ѿˣζһųɱ


1031 ڲ
ʵϣζʼնûκα仯ֻؿ
ûб仯ȴû뷨ڿɱһĶˡ
⡰ζ֣Ҫ˵ĻôǴλȪ˵ǴζӵصħĽӳɵʱħѣҪħƣ𰱻ȥˣҪɹӳ֮ѣδӳǱֻһ
ԵʱϧȫԪ֮ħƣһĻȻطɣѣֻҵԪǿѹȥҲֹʡ
ȻӳȥˣַɣַɣҪʱȴһɱ֣˵©ƫҹꡣ
ԭı£˹ȥûа취ֻŷ롣
ѩϼ˪Ҫôһ䣬Է⾭ʹɢ˿ɱһΪҪôǣ߻ħӴɲɣħ³
仹ǵζԣĴԣκһţմգٽںϣʧܣϣɹøΪؽһ硣
ɵʱ׷ɱЩɱֺܿҵʱֱֻܹ˴䱸ؼʱһѣԵʱȲѣǰԳơζԴĽ䱸֮ġ
ɵʱǰԳƣǺεݣÿÿԻ֮ʱҲе߳ܡ
ʱȻ˶˵棬سƺǵҲ濴ȥƽ
ؿܹɫ䣬ȻмߣѰ֮ˣϲŭɫ
Ҳ֪ˣζͷ֮ǰʩչƣΪ˶Ըҵ׼ʥĿģΪ̽ԼûΪ
һٶ˿û˿Ͳ뵽һƵĿģȫǱˡ
ŮˡȻĻ
ʱ˿̣ȻζУδعʹǳ磬ոһ˲䣬ЩԾ֮ͥ¸ˡϷζˡе
ʱռǱߣĶҲסˣȻһ۽˳ǰνǹ֮ǰǴҧ˶Էƥ
ʱΣ˿̻һʱûиܵԷһ˿ΪϢֻΪⷲһͨϰ֮˰ˣô뵽˾Ȼ֮
Ȼʱұⷲˡ
ʱվĶԱߵīߣҲһ̾Ϣǰ˾֮֮ǰҲû뵽
绺ɽﴵȻ£û˿ķɣ˶׺Ѿ֪ʱߵԣؿޡ޳֡
عͷȥһֱûи㣬޳ҵ֡
ǣ㡭
׺Ѿİһ̺ȻЩ㯣ɫҲһ±Щ΢΢԰ףڣһ
ոЩô޳֣Щ˵ó޳֡޳ˣǰλһˡ
𣿡
Ȼ
Ȼ䣬Ժֳָһ龰һ̣׺ȻտյģǰޱİˣҲ֮ǰǸ޳ˣҲЦˡ
㣬˵ģǸǸ֮ףǲǰ
׺һؿҲǱЩɳƣһȻ˵ϴˣҲǡ
ȻȴǣԷ˵ͷҵ֣һ
һ
׺΢΢һҲǸϤʱȻãԼӦó
ΧȥΧҲڿһЦһôˣȫ֮ˣԼһˣﵽʲô
ңҡ
һʱ֮䣬׺Ȼ֪˵ʲôˣ̧ͷ˵㣬ң˵֮Щ˶㣬ҡҡ
һ˵ţһԶЩ߿ȥһ̣Ƕ˻һ૵ҾͲᵣˣҲͲôԶˡңǲǺɵ
۾ǽɳһģô˿ţֲȥҲǱʲôסˣҲ˵
ʱ˿̣оԼһСѼһȫ֮ˣʵݵˣһˣΪʲô
ͻȻҪתܣȻ֪Ҫȥ֪ôȥˣǣһֻҸ˵ĵط
ʱһʶԺ󡣡
ޡ
׺̧ͷһ£ֻѾǰȥˣԥȥ˿ĲȴԷһʲô
ڣȥʣ޳ֶʲô˵ҲЩ˷֣ԴʱҲҪװ£Щ˷ʲô⡭
˿̣Ŀֱζܲǹȥ֪ζĲͬԵһֱԼѾûΪ˿ỳɡ
ζȴͬˣ˵ԼѾûΪӲţԼƭ˵Щ
ΪԶɣڣԼлסˡ
ʱ˿̣ʮ򶨣¶⣬һ¶Щ֪ԼΪѾӡǾΣˣұȻһҪȥԼ
˿̣ÿǰ߳һΧֶ߱еһϢֺγˡ
ڣȻѾû·


1032 
شɽȣһͷѩĳһ̣˶ĿתҲв˸еЩ䣬ʶȥ
׺ں棬Χȫ֮ˣ˵˿ţҲǲܵġ
ֻھ¶ֵӣܷʲô£粽ظ󣬷˿ߣֻ޳֡
˵˹УΧգøӽˣ˶һǴ֮ΪϣȻܲκһ˿ΪϢ
һԣֻ˫ΪΪߵһϢȫغΪ͵˲޷ϸܵһ˿ΪϢ
¡֮ΪѾɲĵز
Ī֣Ҳ˵ǹȵܶ
˽֮ʱζٴοˣƮƮӣȻʳ˼̻ӣδղһ䡰ζա
һ䡰֡ػȥΣʹΧߣҲеôˣ˶ﰵޣǶɾµӡ
֪ǹܵģֹһˡ
ѾûκΪȴֻһ仰˸еϢǿߣҲˡ
֮ɹˣһ䴫š
ʱǰŮԣĿһעԶ˾ǽڴŲϵǸ֮ô
Ǻˡȥص
һϣһЦ³硣
һ̣Զ˶ס˺׵һһǽȵ֮һ֮ܳˣͬʱǶɾ֮ͽһǳ¼ǧ츳ǿ֮ˡ
һǸƽ˶ĹɵأͶһǧʯ˲ܾɿ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ϣ֮֮ȵĴţʵǰˣҲǽ֮ʿǰֻʱ򣬹н̫ǿûҵõҲû˽
Щ棬ҵǻѰóһŲɡ
һЩѰɢҵǻѰóΪ͵ߣԴ˶Ųɡ
Ī£ҲѰ֮Ѱģ
ʣʱȴ˸ҳȫһؿԶˣ֪ᷢʲô
ڽ֮ʱڹȻһڳ֮Ϊ඼ܹͣӦͻ֮ǰΪһ˲űġ
ʱһӸĵط˾ɫһķȥֻǱʣƲ֡
˵ĲǸ졣ķȥ˵š
㻹ȥŮԱ߿һۣü˵
Ǻǣڴ˴ء
һЦζ˿ȥȻǷˣԸϾˣɶҹϵȥƺЩһ㡣
Σ
һΣζҲû̶ȥΪܵɽϢͬʱҲܵﴫһΣϢ
ȻܹܵΣϢȻҲܹܵ˵ҲûйͬΣգǴڻȪ棬Σˣֻһ㣬˾Ͷˡ
Ȼˣβȥ׺ϡ
˵䣬һʱչṦȷȥ׺ӦҲ̴ȫṦʩչ˼£ٶȡ
ζͳҲȥԼռĶīߣһ̣ķȥˡ
ܿ죬ɽ˶ˣֻʣ±Щˣ˴ˣ˹ָȻȥ
Һǹһɷƣ֮УٶȾ죬Ṧٿ죬ҲҪ¶ʱ׺ԣ磬ߣ
濴˿ζͳ綼ڲԶ֮ôҲں棬±취˦Щˣ㲻¶ţʱҵ֮ˣԼûΪȥЩ
Ȼʱ󲿷˵עԼϣζҲ뽫Щ˵תƵԼΣþ
ĺɫѽ٣ԼһǰߵɽȻһŨ׺磬

ԣŨɽȥˣ˴ŨȥμҲԺܺõڲϵϢ
Ũɽķȥˣȷ˦Щ˺ȡöϢĵҩ˷֮󣬷һ·ȥ
һֱҹʱ˲֮ǰȣߣҲѾˣֻɽȷǳθӣ֣Уʶвˣһ㡣
׺ȫȥϵϢû˷ˣһʮıǰӿ
֮δ֣һ֣˭ҲԤ뵽ʱľ档
ɽ棬˿±ߣ֪˶ã½Ȼеһ˿֮ؿڴöѪ


1033 
Ȼ䣬죬׺׽ƣʱΪȴͻȻǿһѵöѪô
öѪ棬·һֹ¼ţÿÿҹ˾֮ʱܹܵõһ˵Ĺ¼š
öѪ񣬽ֻ񣬿ʲôֲܡ
Ѫӻȡ˳¹£еѪɼܶʱһִöǻġ
֪öֻȥżЩż棬ֻļȻ࣬ȴ඼һ¡
ֻ̫޷׷ݣɱ겻Ǽ᲻ɴݣκҲ޷֮ȥûܹ֮ȥʹϸʱˣȴȻ
֮ǰһֱΪʦԼģ֪ԭһֱԼϣʦԼʱ򣬱ǿĲŴԼߣֱɽ꣬øԼ
ʱȻǵãǴڶȻħӰȻЩħӰͨͨѹȥоʲô
һΪԼߣֻЩȥħԼʲô
ʬħǺԼϡ
ҹԽԽЩҲ·ʼһһ㣬Χ֪ʲôʱ򣬲һҿ
硭
֮ʣ׺ȻӺֻ𣬿ôˣ
ҡ
׺ԥһ֪ô˵˺һſʵǹȣѰ֮ҲǺһΪǡô
ڴ֮ǰû֮ΪѰЩ죬̫ˣȹȥʮĶࡣ
Ϊ֮ˣȻɷǵɣȾ̻ĵõˡ
Щˣŷ֣ЩеȻȷ˻࣬һҪóֶΣ÷֮¶ó
ûлشĻʵ㿴Ϊ
ҡ
׺Լһ̧ͷһͷȥ
ңҲ֪
վƾ棬ԶɽӰ˵˽볤ΪֻгŻ޵Ŀܣǲ֪˳죬ôǿߵһȥȻһ¶һˡ
˵˴عͷ׺νǿűһȥ
űһȥ
׺̧ͷɵһ£ʱЩ仰˼
һԶȥ˵Ǽǧ󣬵˷ǣ׺ɣߵ˶ˣĵҲãҲգѻڣпݹǣֵΡ
ҡ
Լ׺סˣΪǼǧ󣬾ֻʣԼһˣԼ˵ʲô˶һֹ¼Ű
˶ѰҲʧСعͷ
硭
׺һ£ͷǸҸոաô㡣
ҡҡͷ˵Ϊʧ£ֻ֪֪ˣǿܶ·Σա
ǡ
׺΢΢һæΧ˿ɫʮ־裬仰ȥ
õģûˡƽˮȻ˵ȷȥ
Ȼ֮˵ʶнƣȲ˵ܷ񴫳ôԶܣôˣ˭޼ɵҷʶ
һ˵ûΪʶ񣬾Ϊٸߵˣʶ̽ܲˡ

׺˵ͷ֪ΪΣǰûΪÿһ仰Ҳʹ
ǽô죿
ǵڣ׺ҲûҪˣԶɽӰأ˵ҹ۴˴ʮ쳣ɽģȻһ֮ǽҪȥĵطҲǡΣյĵط
Σյĵط
׺˳ȥüᶨҲʮҲ£ΣյĵطҲ߹ˣھͲһˣֻǡ
˵˴عͷôȥɽģˣڶҲ·
ȡ
ȣ
󡣡
ԶɽӰ˵Ѿʼۣ֮ǹȵﵽǿʱеĽƣʱ
ǡ
׺΢΢һ㶣˵ǵʱ򣬲˶ܽ˶ܹҵˡ
ҪǸ졣عͷ

ȥ죬ʱ˶Ѱҽǹĵ·ɼʹҹ߲ݵҲûҵͨ·ֱһͽ赲ûκܹǿд
Ӧ𣿡
һζϸѰţӦɼʹһżһʱƬҲҵڡ
һߣóڣټӳ¼һЩˣҲŬѰţҹããɽʼҲȥ·
׺ͬҲѰţôãȴҲһ棬Ҳ·
硭ô죿
׺ĴţĽɢȥѾԽԽˣȫ棬ʱҵǹĵ·ˣƱ˶һӵ룬Ļûκˡ
ȵȡ
˫ü΢޷ʶѰֻǿ£ͬ޷ʶѰ·ȻΪٸߣҲûˡ
֨֨֨֨
һĪչ֮ʣȻ֪Ĵֵ׺˳ȥֻһݴ棬һֻѩ׵Ӱӡ
㿴ȵѩ
׺һ¶ϲ֮ɫ뵽ĻΪҪҧ֪Ǿ󣬱
֨֨֨֨
ѩŶ˽ݴȥɫһ˵֪·һ˵꣬˲ݴ档


1034 ѩ·
ʱҹĻ׺˽ֻѩǰ·ԽԽУʱоľ·ʹ˶ṦɽҲһֻС
֨֨֨֨
ѩЩˣҲʱʱͣȵ˸󣬲ּǰ·
С꣬ܵ졭
һֱҹʱ֣ʱ죬ӳյһƬξ׺ЩС꣬ȵȡ
֨֨֨֨ѩͣ˸ȥ
׺ܿ˿⸽һƬѾȫûĺۼˣǹȵģһڸˣ֮ҲҪˣ뵽˴ϲɫЦ磬ǿҵˣٺ٣ֻСꡣ

΢΢˵ͷûжԣѩʾ˸ϣǰȥ
С꣬ȵȡ磬ǿϣ
׺ЪһָȥһΣ˸˴ԼһʱʱӰΧһУֶ
һĹһ׺ЩˣЪǰС꣺Сꡭ׻жԶŵǹȵģ
֨֨֨֨
ֻѩһţһߵͷ˵Ϳ쵽ˣͿ쵽ˡ
ٺ٣
׺ЦЦ磬Ͼҵ֮ˣЩ˻֪ôȫɵأٺ١

˵ͷϸӦΧƺһ˵֮С
֨֨֨֨
һѩЪˣֽĹȥˣ׺磬Ǹϡ
ָѩĹȥδһʱһ˷ϡ
ѩٶȽŻˣģҲþСᳵ·ӣƺҲǵһˡ
硭ʲô
׺ͷһӣȥǹȵĵش֮꽫ǴһʲôĪ֮±ߣ
ꡭ
˸ƣС˵ʲôˣǰߡ
֨֨֨֨
ѩתǶС£СĵӣƺѾٶǰȥˡ
ߣȥ
ҲȥϢС±϶ȥȵʱԭ±߻һ޴ʯ̨ʯ̨ϲľһɽɽǰľ֮£ȴö
֨֨֨
ѩһ˫۾ǹľϵļöǴߣ׺һۣЦã˴ҹǴȥ֮ҳԵˡ
磬ô죿
ꡭ
˸ƣɽй©˴ض򵥡
ʱȻСɳɳ쿿Ǻһһµϣץ·š
硭㿴
ֻڴȻ̵⣬¹£ſɽһǧ
׺һԹԣ²ǳɾ˰ɡ

ü΢Ҳԣһӣʮö뼲ЯŻֻ͡һ죬ʮö룬Ѿߵ磬һ±̱ȥҲж
Ƭ̣ڶֻ߳һߣûвȥ
ѩҲȥС˿̱һԵľߣȷ޷ٶԺŷſӣܵǹľһҧһöζس
⣬⡭
׺ѩԵýζӣһʱЦãصãΪҪȥ֮æ˴ҹȴҳԵˡ

ȥժһöڱǰţȲϴǱѰõǧǹȵҲʮֲ

׺ȥһöԼҲժһöԣֻЩĵҲ·һ¾ͻָˣһֳĸоԶЩָĵҩɱȡ
ʳö֮󣬸вٸеˣ˵ʶҲһԭīɽһ̣˾Ȼˡ
⡭
׺̾˹棬ʱ뵽һֱдԣǹһŵأǸոԵĹӣĪҲĳɹ
ʱܹüɽԼԼһ˿˿
Щǡ
ʳ֮׺û뵽ȻܹЩˣֱ̫棬ˣ
֨֨֨֨
ѩһɽȥֻعͷŶˣʾ˿
ʳ֮ʶȻǿĸӦѿ׷δˣܹоõɽһߣһɷǷϢȻǹڡ
ߣ
˿ԥ̸ѩɽȥˣ׺ԭأʱعҲٸȥ
ɽδ۸ӵĳ̶ȣԶԶ֮ǰԤ룬ʱ˽˹˵ʶӦʹڰ޹ߵҲܹ磬ѩ·ٸӵĵΣҲѲˡ
ֻɽ֮ҲԶԶǰԤ룬֪ȥãǰ߲ˮ͹ߴѾˡ
磬ǰ治Զˡ
һΣ׺ҲܵˣǰһɼΪζϲдˣǰضǹڡ
΢΢ףԣӿ첽ѩǰȥ
ǰĹԽԽǿյ߳ɽʱһʱ䣬ЩۣٴʱǰһУȻʣɾһ㣬˶ǰ


1035 ߣ
ٲֱ£вʺң׺״мӹϹľ죬ԳϸǰٻʢȺ¹ãڻԼ߶ٲȻһƬɾ
⣬⡭
׺ΪǰһĻѾȫסˣ֮ǰսǹȵʱ򣬱ɾʱĹ棬ǰѾɾԭԭǹ֮أ
®ɽ㽭δǧ޲û£®ɽ㽭
ݰ̵֮ʱԷʫʻУʱлȻʣҲ¶Цݣԭˣǹȡ
ʲʲô
һԣ׺һԭأĿǰһУԭǹȣ֮ڡ
֮ȡ
ṦһչȥðٻУЩ¹üȻ˿Χת
硭ȵң
׺عҲһչṦȥѩҲҵһСȥ
ǹҵˣǻ־ʲô
Źаٻʢ澰ɽ滨ʵ֣һ֣ǻ
ڹѰãֹоӡзĵĴʯЩʯͷ͸ǺܾǰһλµĹ֮
ֻţ֮ѾĴĻҵɹˣҲػᱻ赲
ʱѩҲһֱ֨֨֨ĸڶֻϧδܹҵ֮ڡ
׺Ź澰˵Сʱ׳˵˳ԣ̰ţԿ࣬֡ʱһֱ׵Ļʲô˼𽥳ˣҲˡ
Ƭ̺һʮִıˮ̶棬ֻˮƮ̶ˮĴһС̲֮һŲ
ֻϺ컨ƻ𣬶ʱճ컨볯ӳˮ棬̶һѤõĺ컨
磬㿴ôһϿŵġǻ𣿡
׺ȻҲע⵽̶ˮĴĴ濪˺컨ԶԶȥЩһŻȼգ治ѡ
ߣ
һɲǣеʯһʲôǻǻ䱾޴˻ǣ֮
ǣ
δ˻ʱ˻ͬڼţ˻˻ɫһʱ֪˻⡣
һ̣ˣһ·Ϊӹ⾳Ѱ֮ȣѰ֮ǣ
ոһ˲䣬ΪԼҵ֮ˣҲǣǻ
ǻǻǻһֱԼУѰһ˵
Ȼ˶ˣΪǹſǳ֮һΪǣֺǣ
һ˲䣬ͻȻʲôָо޷ڣ뾲⾳ӹ⾳
׺Ҫȥ̶ĴգУҴ֮棬»ĺʱ
Ŵԣ׺һ£عǣǳ˼ǡҲˣ
ԣȺܶ˶ߡ
ֻһ仰̶ˮķȥһǵϣʱܵһɼΪ
Ȼ̶ˮģܹ֮ô˴ٳɹӹ⾳ôԼΪؽͻƵһǰδеո¾磡
׺ԶԶ£֪ʱȥţȳΪָˣҲЩˡ
С꣬ȥǱ߸ߴ
׺̶ָָһߵһ£Ȼγɵʯ̨棬ȿҲԿ̶ˮȫʱ֪±
֨֨֨֨
£һһʯ̨ȥ
һʱ򣬺̶ֹޱ仯ǵϵҲȻƻֻСΧһŨ档
ڶʱǵϵŨʼˮ̶ҲΧˣ׺ڸߴʯ̨ϣʱ̶ֻΧѾˣҲ֪Ρ
ʱΧۣ˷̶ˮľۼȥ
ֻŨɲɢ׺ʯ̨ϣʱӦ仯ŨȻӿֹضǳ罫Ҫͻˡ̫ˣ
֨֨֨֨
ʱԱߵѩȻͬʱģҲþ࣬׺ȥʵС꣬ôˣ
һ˲䣬һɲǣҲӦˣȻֻǶ̶죬ʱĸӦѾѷǴǰɱȡ
ոһ˲䣬Ӧ˴ˡ
ôᡭ
׺һȥϵϢɹΣЩ֮ȫҲ˿ʲôҵˡ
ˡ
۵ıˮ̶ȥŨ֣ʱͻƣһ˴ŵˣ
һ˲䣬뵽ʲôʱ򿴼ӡзĵʯͷ˵Щʯͷһֻ֮Ѿû½עУܷʹٴתֵסˣ
뵽˴׺Ҳˣԥȥһ˴ʱˣ㣬ҪԽЩЩʯͷУ½֮󼤻
Сꡭߣ
ԥ׺һչṦȥˡ


1036 
ϢԽԽˣ׺ӿ˲ѩҲ֨֨֨ĸ
ɽжӡзĵʯͷ׺Ҳֻ֪ܳһһļ
һʯͷԱߣ׺˫۱ϣ̵ġ֮ȥ۲ΧЩȻ̵֮Щʯͷϡ
۵ʯͷ֮ķʯͷʼƣ˱㼤ɹˡ
ɹˡ
׺ǰɢʯͷһϲԶһʯͷȥ˵СꡭߣȥǱߣ
֨֨֨֨
ѩһʯͷȥãΧʮŶ׺ˣһЩδţѩ·Ҳҵõ
ڵڶʮŵʱɹһ󷨽磬ֻвһţ粢һĴԣȽϴ
Ӧǻһš
׺ĴѭţȻ󷨲̫˽⣬ողЩʯͷֲķλҲ֪ʮĴţȻšʮĽ
ꡭ
գ׺ȷˣɹķλҲ֮ǰǱѾߵϢʱпܴ
С꣬ߡ
ԥ׺չṦǱ߷ȥˣΣҪЩ˽֮ǰһż
ȥԭʯͷһЩڵסˣԸտʼʱûп
ʯͷϵǿʱɽȻ˵֮ѾԽԽŨӦþǰ治Զˡ
⡭
׺΢΢һЩѾˣ뾡콫ż󷨲Щ˽󣬺ܿǿƿʱԼͳ綼Σա
֨֨֨֨
ʱѩҲԱ߽泯ϱߵɽƺҲܹӦΣտ
׺ŬʹԼЩĻȻᷢԼУ취Щʱһߡ
С꣬ȥǺ𣿡
ûа취ˣ׺ֻµѩȥ걾ʹֻѩƺһĺԣһܹʱ
֨֨֨֨
ѩ˵ͷܹĻһ±ϱȥݴܿûӰ
ѩ뿪׺Ҳԥ̽߾ǰľ飬Ҫʲô¡
ǰߵƺб仯֡ôڿ
ʱɽˣһӵûãһߵ𣺡ӵģ˱Ƚ
ˡ
׺΢΢һϳˣϣѪɱ˵ǸߣǼԷˡ
δ׺˲亹񣬲ţר־
Ƭ̣ڳӰԷ˼ߣ׺Ӻߡ
벻澹ǹŵأ˵ġ
ǰ֮δԵβ죬ǺߣʱЩǰ
֮ǰΪ˽ǹȣԷƻ֮£ǹȾǰҵˡ
ԣ㿴ƺв硣
ʱע⵽˹е󷨣Ŀ⣬Ե⣬˵󷨣ضǷȻ飬󷨣Ҳоʱ
ŴԣҲ˵ͷ֮󷨲ΪǣԺǱ㽫ƿ
֨֨֨֨
ʱԶȻһӼһֻȥʮԵѩ˵˴˹Ӧ֪ȵķǸǡ
֨֨֨֨
ѩһȥˣ˿ٸȥȴ֪øԶȷ֮ʱ׺ѽһżˡ
ȵȡԡڲ쳣ѩһݴܿͲӰ
ظղŵĵطǱȥģ
ΧĽѾ𽥱ǿ˾ΪٸߣʱҲǿȥˣȻص֮ǰʱڷ׺кâһɷ˵һƱ˹ȥ
һƺͣȻʱȫˣ䡱һվǴ󷨽档
׺ɫЩ΢΢ףһ°Ҳŵòᣬʱȥ
֨֨֨֨
ѩ֪ʱѾ˻ӼǸղŰǴƫֻ꣬һ±ñ˪ͷ⽫𴦣СӺＤ󷨡
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׺һۣ˫΢΢һУС˵ӣϵСӣһһСӣķˡ
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ɽ棬ǱǿȴһŨһʱضָΪ
Сꡭߡ
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ǡ
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ƨ
Խ˵׺Խľôɱ˲գ۵ħͷ˵ôֺģɱܶ𡭡
ӿ˵һĲֵ߽֮޷ҲֻҵǹȰˣΪָὫ˿ԥ
㡭˵
׺̧ͷһɫЩ΢΢ףһ亹ҲЩˣŲᣬΣǿġ
ˣʱ׺ȴһ룺˵𣿳ɱ˲գ۵ħ֮Щ˶ô
Ӽʱɫӣ˵ҷ˵ţǿȥˣҹԲɱһʱۣߴɣ㽫󷨴򿪣ͷʦţӴ£ѷ
ɡ
׺̧ͷһ̣ú޺޿ˣԷ˵Ҳɣҿǲħˡ
һԣӺ߾һ˿ɲκ֪ˡ
ȻҲ֪Էһ£ʱüͷһ壺ʲô
ߣ׺һߣٲǻ⼸ˣѩˮ̶Ǳȥˡ
߿ԶȥӰ˫ü΢΢һԱߵʵӣô죿
ӿŹжʮĵ⣬˵һλ£ҵȿǿƣʱѾãʧֻʱѣܿͻɢ죬ٵɡ
ɹмŨ۴ȥ𽥱Щ䡣


1037 ħ֮
üͷ壬е⣬˵󷨣ҵĻὫ˶
ǲ𣿡
ȻɹĴһ˵ּɹĴƺʲôȴֲ̫ȷʵӵ˼ǡ
ؿɹģ˵һûΪڱضָΪҪָΪȻҪ˹Ȼȥȴʹؼ֮ʱһ˱ضܹʹܵشʱ㲻ǳ֣Ҳɡ
ԭˡ
һˣƾˣǹȵЩ˽ˣ֮ضܹʱһ棬ضܵش

ʱں̶ģֻ£˫գƣ˾ҹδһ£ʱҲƺĳ֮
ǹʮŨ˿ڵ̶Ϊģܵϻ۹ģʼȥ
ЩȥһĻ˿ˣȻĿ࣬һĻ
ʵˣ˿̵ǽ˺һ״̬һе˹

ʱ棬׺űŨֵĺ̶ʼĹ֮ˣ󷨱Ȼ֧Ų˶á
󷨵ضˣʱЩȥһǴˣضΣա
ʱȥһʱʮڶʱѾв˱˴ˣ֮ʱҵ֮Ҳʼɢˡ
¡
ʱ׺ں̶棬ԶȴȻһҵߴ˹̶ˮûεȻЩѾʼǿˡ
ˡ
׺һ½ЩǺ֮ǰ󷨱ȻᱻƵ
С꣬ǿȥ
֨֨֨֨
һһǱȥֻѾۼ˲ˣ׺ģҲûģͬǣЩȫ֮ˡ
Ȼһ桭
ȻҲ˽׺˳һԵķСӣʱ̱˵Сӣ󷨴򿪣
ʱô֮棬˵£Ǽٵģ׺ʱȴǿҲɱҺͳ磬ȫǶˣ
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ԽԽ࣬ڵˣбĲɣԼһЩɡ
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ۼѾû·ˣڱƽѣ׺ֻһҧޣΧʱһӴȥ
ʵ֪ʱѾ࣬һһûָ㣬ǶϵĽʨ񵶣Ҳһ䴴ˣǰӣǽʨǵȷɱȣ

䵭ָһӣһ顱һʱ׺˳ȥͬĽ˳ȥ

ԶŵþһҪȥ鿴׺ƣζȴһ½סˣֹˮ
׺֮һǺ̶ȥҲ𽥱ԽԽˣһȥɣ
һ˲䣬Ȼ߶ȫʱ̶ˮǷӿǧһ˶ܵɿµǼǶȻһû뵽ӵΪѵȾ磡
ǣ̧Ƶ˲䣬һУǺȻסһζо˲Ծ

Ȼ䣬ӷһƺߣɫһ±ò԰ͻȻ˶ס˺ղϵǹƥҲͬһ±ˣ˲ɢޣ


1038 ¶
ȴиղšҪɱң
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֮ǰ֣ȷΪʧܻдտʼʱǻ֪ǰ˭ΪֻǸѰˣ˵ģʲô֮ζҪ

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һĻЩ˶ˣ˵ףҲֻһû֣ζ֪һ֪ȴֱ֣֮󣬲֪ԭֲ
̶ϵŨɢȥһĺ˳ʱڳһȫԭأ
Զζһɢȥĺ̶֮ǰûһΪȻҲΣյĵطʱϴϢ
Ȼ˿ζϸܵϢѾ뼸ǰɽʱһˣ˵һָо
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ʱ˿̣ϸӦһ޵ϢЩûκܹһΣУǳ¼ǧܳų硣
һߣ¼ҵĳСóҲź̶Ǳߣڿȥһ˷ܺӣΨ²ңվԱߣ񾲹䡣
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ӡ
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ӡ
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ʱԶһŮѭȥ˵ģȴվζԵǸŮ


1039 ̶
ֻ˹˵ĿⶼϣȻֻʶζʶҵҲͣǷСС˵Ļɵ棬˵ģֵΣ
ܿ죬Ѿߣߣص˵ϣǲԼ׿˵ģЩǼٽ֮ȴƭˣƻ
㣬㡭˵˵˵㡭˵Щ֤֤
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񵭵ȻָһһöʺѪ˳ȥ˵ĽűߣöѪȥǸ߽űߵöѪ
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ԱһˣҲžƣһζһһ˶ջܻó𣿡飡һ죬ͬԸ
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Ǻ̶ģʲôǰʱ棬Ҳָо·ǹȣ̶ˮ棬ֵײʲôܣܲһϹżɡ


1040 Ϲžľ
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ֻ֪ǰһУض򵥣˿ֻǰ˼ߣһۣǸ߲ľľȥ˵ûȤȥһ̽


1041 ʮ޾
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ʣµˣѳŸղŻҵʱˣ֮ǰˣȻɫ԰ס
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ӵҲǲ֪֮ˣһΪѾָҪɱν׾٣һԥȥˡ
⸽ָƽҲС˽һ˿ʼȥˣȻǵΪԶζˣҲȥ̽̽һѰûԵ컯أ
ܿ죬ԽԽ϶ȥˣ֮Ӵߣһ

֪ȥãɫû谵׺Ѳ֪һ֣̫ΧڲһɷǷ̫תңض롣
ղ£ֻصĲ֣Ȼռɽȣ֦Ҷï
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֮ǰ׺һʶ׺ΣգضӦõڸӦ˵Էʱ֮ǣ뵽˴ҲͰһЩ
뾡뿪ո춯ػˣղ֮£Щˣָ
£ԥչṦĵطȥˣһ֮ʱϥ£תҵϢȡ
ֻ˫գ֪ȥãϽɫϵҲ˹ܿƻָˡ
תĹʮ޾һǹȫҲԴĹʵںܾǰŹУʮƣֻŹ졣
ʮƣжҵľƿ⣬Բضԡ
šʮ޾־Σ
๦ķоԼͨȹȡ侫ȥɣԳһĹѰ֮˾
Ĳ⾳ʮ޾һʱǽΣǷһ̤죿޷
һգǵʱϵѾָϵһɫҲȥ
ʱȻӦһ˿Ϣһ˿ϢصüҲ׽ˡ
һ˿ϢѾԽԽߡ


1042 ֮飨ϣ
Ȼϥһ׳ϣ˫գղ಻֪ǷΪһϢУƲһ˿ɱ⡣
ӣɡ
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Īӡˣ
һ˵ţһվζȻ˫ȥͣޱ仯Ľ䱸ȴǸˡ
ǽ˫ָ󣬵ӣôˣ
ûС
ζʱ¾֮ģղţѽϢصôˣǳҲδܹǰˣȴ׶Ϣ
һּʵֵΪĪǣѾǸˣ
Ϊء
˵ʱȻûκα仯Ȼζ۲΢ʱҪɫ俴ʲôҲ졣
һ̣˾˴˶ţϿȥƺܷƵȻʵϣζȴǼҪ֪Ϊƫƫȴ˿Ҳ͸ͬҲ뿴ڵΪκξҲ˿͸
˴ʱĿ⣬𽥱Щ΢绺Ӷм䴵Ҳƴĳ΢ա
ʱ֦һҡΣһɼǿϢҲѸٳ⸽˹عΪٸߣҲС֮ζﲻ˵֮أһȶĵط
ҲٶԣչṦ𴦷ȥζֻΧ֦𵴲ݣҶ׷£谭ߡ
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ζһۣȻʵ
ô
δȥҲδش𣬵һ̣֪ΪΣԺ뵽ȴʦȴ塣
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ûУʡζعͷһ߼֦Ҷ֮䣬һֵһ𡣡

һۣζعͷ˵ʱҺһɢˣ֮Ѷ˵һ𡣡

΢΢ͷٶˣ֮ǰֿ׺ˣ⸽̫ңѾ޷Ѷˡ
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С죬һС˵ţһֲ˲ǰŵ׹Ȼûһ˿̫ˡ
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׺ôѽ
ȻһգգĿԼʵ
ûû
׺ŻعЩʧ֮ʱȴִࡱһ֮£ʹԭЩ΢΢̵գһº˴롣
ȴûȡЦգһ˫ˮĴۣʵ׺𣿡
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׺һ£ګګȥӣպôָֻһǻһ£˹ӣæ֡
һֻּһӣ㣬㲻𣿡
𣿡
ֻСַһӣЦҵȻΪ֮Ƿ˲ͬ˵ԶҲȥҲ֪ǳ˵ϲʲô
׺ճյؿһ̾ǿһСŮһԺֻ뵽ı϶һ仰
֮ɽ˾ɣѩԼӣʳȣ¶
ԭô
һ̣ȻɣҲ񳾸һ죬Լȥˣô죿
ȥ֮ʱԼȴȻδ䣬ߵ˶һȥʱԼȴš
һɲǣˣһ˵Ļ˾˼ĵһ죬Ƕô¶
ǧֻʣԼһˣȻƮǡһֹ¶
ô԰Źӣȴڷ㶣Сʵ

׺ŻعŮԼʱЩɵ뷨æҧһڹӣֻŮеһ㡣


1043 ֮飨£
쪣쪣
ʱһֻҴܣ粻ֹҶҷɣζʩչ˼£ԴΧһֲ֮
ʱѾҹһƬʶҲܵţֻλҶµֱķ
ڶ˾ǵ֮ȻΣմܲϣһ֮ˣ˿µֻ¶Ѿˡ
һֱҹ֮ʱܻҵȶҲѾ֪ϵٲˣʮһ㣬Ϲžľǧٲ㣬ΧɽҪ߳ԽԽ֦ҶïҲԽǿҲԽΣա
Ƭ̺һ֦ϣһ⻪ʱվΧҲüȻζȻʵ֮ǰô
ûУΡȥܸоŮ˼̫˵Ҳһ
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ܳϣ澳ҲܳݣΪĻǸʹ֮ˣڻδ
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ʶһħ֮ʶʮһһħȻɱħɹļ֮ˡ
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˿ָ̣ȻŵħĻһħ֮ʶдãκ֪
ûУֻһЩй飬߰ɡ뵽˴Ҳٶԣ˫һţϷȥ
һҹڶ֮ʱһԽԽˣǴ洫ֱͨң˶ѾܹظӦ֮ܽˡ
ȵȡ
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ӻڵʲô
һۣٶԣ˫һţȥζҲչṦȥ
Ƭ̺˾棬һ¿࣬һȻƽ̨֮ȴγһı̹â丽ŲӰΪһˣǳ硣
硭ʲô
Ȼ֮ʮֲڿ¼ƺռ֮飬˵ζֺγռֻǳǰ߶ֶѡ
Щ꣬ζΪңĴѰôĹ֮ǰṰˣ
һֻ̣˲̨Χʱǲ˻ң̨ʹһ³Ĵȥ
䣡
һ죬˳⣬⼸¼ҵˣͻ˳ȥŮڣʱȴ֪ںδ
ζ˶÷»ңʱҶ롭
һΣԵʮأǰ㣬Ǵһ崺Цˡ
֮ǰҲΪĴ󶯷Ļᵼңʱ᲻룬ֱζʱûд󶯷Сһ㽫֮
¹Ӽǵңβȥ
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ЦһһɲǣҲʩչ˳ȥ˵ķΧӿֹ
λȻ£ǲ硭Ҳһ
ζͳ綷֮ʣȻ֮䣬Ҳˣ˲仯һӰ͵سĴȥ
һɲǣ͵ӿȥʱ÷ƾ䣬ʧɫùҡʱ·ˣҲܹܵҪû˵Ŀֲ


1044 
ζͳδ뵽ȴû˿˼ɣӿ˺ա
⸽ʱӿɿ¼ҵǼ֣Ȼٿˣζ硢֮䣬Ҳγһ֡㶦֮ơ
һʱ֮䣬˭Ҳ޷֮ڣΧȴ𽥱ûҶҷɣһƬƬĵһѰ֮ˣٿ
˵Ϊǲף壬ʱҶУҲ˵ˡ
һΧ˵ԽԽǿˣʹȥǿֲпܽûʱԶĳ¼Ǽ֣һĶ
ڸԶ֦֮Ҷӳ䣬ӰȻʱˣҲˣֻһֱڰ۲š
ȥ˶ûӣ֮ͬʱΣ
ڽ֮ʱȻ˵µΣֻͬʱ֣ܱ֤˭Ҳܵˡ
ĴȪˮһӿΪһɱȣܹȥδ룬ضֲܹ֮ǰģ㲻ܸı֮壬ܹԪ
ΪΣ
ʱζ˹ƺ֣ôҲ֡
ԡ
ֻ֣ɫȴû˿仯Ҳ˿롣
á翴˿ˣ˵Ǳһ֡
һ

ʵصڸԶ˿һĻҲԽԽˣϢϾʱ֮ģǵ󱲡

ųһ£εȴˣֻȻ˭Ҳû˿һûֵ˼
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ζȻûκα仯Ҳоʲô
磬磡
ʱԶȻһŮȴһѵŮ߷˹ǱˣǳСóڡ
࣬һ㣬һһҶԿΪأȴֲ˻ҶֺȻǼΪϳ˵Ṧ붯÷ڴʱӿ֮£Ȼܹ
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С㣬Ҫȥ
ʱԶǼ¼ҵҲ˳ĸͬһĽ˵ǳڣǿȥһУҲҪ˲𲻿ɡ
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Ůһһ˲䣬ӦΧĴȱڡ

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磬㣬㲻Ҫ
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ŮһίͰ͵ģ˿ֲϸÿһŪɳ׾󶼡ǹ⡱ġ
һԽԽǿ˵Ѿ޷ջأȥĻضᱻ棬Σ˭Ҳ޷룬֮ǿ˾ΪٸߣҲضǾһ
ζһУ˲޹̨Ȼ޹̨ɼʱҲԵֿ
ϻڻȪŵ棬пƴȫԪ֮ħĽ򣬵סˣΪٸҲʩչó
һ̣ϣͳ˵£ֻ˺󷨣ɵֵȻǡ
һأȴϬһ㣬ԥΧǿһ׵󷨣˵βŵȶ˵Ȼ벻ȥҲٲǹˡ
ʱһȥÿǣȫˣһ˲䣬ȻܵһԼԼɱֹܵˣԱߵζͳͬҲܵˣڶܵɱ
һѾģûһ˼֮κ˶Կȴס˶á
ڣһϺڵĸ֣ҪˣҲ׾٣һ׼ʥǿߣǾ͸ˡ
ɱķԽԽأ°СôȥһС㡭뿪


1045 

Ĺˣȴ֪һɺɱֻԶӰ´£ȻЩҲ֮飬ȴǰɱ֮ˡ
ɱģǴ˿̲ڰıңǰζ˵Ǹߣµļš
ɱԱ߼ȴɱ͸¶˳ڱ
ϡ
ʱǼɵŶԪֻҪλ׼ʥһ£ǱȻ˷Ϯ
Ǵ˿̣ȴԵʮԥڹ˼ʲôǳȥ˵Ĵʱ
Բ˵ˣҲȶһǿУζͳ磬˷ֱҺͳ¼֮ܳˣܳȥˣɻɾ޴
һ̣еɱˣܹ˳ȥԱ϶ԣǼΪġ
Ǵ˿̣ҲҪǵһ⣬ڳڶ࣬ɱˣպ֪ˣȻưոݡ
ζǶɾµӣô¿ҪɱˣҪɱ˽ڳˡ
һĻǾû֪ǹ﷢ʲô¡
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Աһ΢΢һƺߴʱɱҪɱζˣҪɱ˽ڡ
ɱԽԽأǱߣζѾܵˣ֮סˣԳǴʱԷϮĻ˿ûһ˿м֮
ʱһȻ쳹⸽ɱˣɱ˽ڳˣù֮飬Ƶòǲԡ
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䵽Ĵʱ׺ʱֻеȫһ˺Ѱʹ·壬Ҫǿ˺÷һƤϣҲѪ
һĻԶ߾һƬ̣ؽǣ
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׺
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׺ģʹൽ£ȴȻǿţΧϳھȥԶʵ󣬷һ꣬ȴȻܹǿ


1046 ɱ
һɲǣսŵ˼ޣԶ˶ס˺һҲؿߡ

Ȼζһʱžѹһ˲Ĵȥǰ·Ѫһ׺䣬׺
顭
׺ʹԳ΢΢һԥľһǹ֮飬ʱֳһɣӿ

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£˾޴ɫЩ԰ףҲδָһ׼ʥǿߵĶ֣
һ˿ɱԽԽڰУԼԼѾ˼Ӱһ̣ܵɱ¼ǼߣҲͬܵһصɱ
Ѹٵ˳ǰȻжΪֵܹһλ׼ʥǿߣ
ɱԽԽζҲס˺ͬɫȽµգ׺𽥲ʵ磬ôˣ
Ҫ
˿̣ѾöѪ룬ٺ͵۹½ߣֻƴȫԻѪһԡ
ɼǻѪ룬ҲδضԸһ׼ʥǿߣзٺ͵۹½֡
ϡϣ
ʱԶȻϤ̧ͷȥֻڰ֮УӰ̤ҶýǱˣȴǰˡ
ҲܸܲʱǱŵɱ
ϡ٣
δɵǰѽٳһУԥһָ㳯ɱӿִȥ

ɳâһңִֻټ㲻ϴ
һָֻ̣ϣһԪע룬һ˲䣬߸Ҷʱҫ۶ĿǹҲ˹âؼԪ˹
ԭ棬һȫ˹ǵУ
ϵĹâʱ˶ӳһ㣬һ̣˶ס˺Ѿܵ˴͸Ŀֲ֮
ǡ
Ҳһ£һ˲䣬Χ˷Ӧֻһʱɹâն⸽һ֦ҶԻ촷ۣ
䣡
һ죬֪һմʲô֮ϣƺڰ֮УмӰһΣһ˲䣬ʧӰ
ָֻƽǰһɺɱѾʧˣΧߣǴһոһδҲ̫ˣ֮٣ʲô٣˿ֲ


1047 žͻ
һ̣˶ٲζȴһ˿ɫǲʦһֱõķ
ŷٶǰֹһΣӴ˱ҲδΪλʲôˡ
ϡ
ʱֽ۹½ͷȥѲղǼӰӰѾݳԶˡ

΢΢ףٺ͵۹½У˵ʲôºȻ¡¡һ𶯣һ֡׹䡱֮УȴľֿʼСˡ
֨֨֨
ѩؽһ˵˴Ȼȣ뿪˵
á
Ҳԥ׺չԶȥں棬ζͳҲ뿪ˡ
ҹ䣬һбңʱһҰ֮УֻеӰȻͣһߡۡһѪӿ˳˲Ǳˣȴ֮ǰǱҵ׼ʥ
ϣ
Ա߼Ŷŵɫɷףû뵽һ˿ֲղǳƾһֵ֮סǼ˶Ѿǿֲˡ
Ϲŵһ٣٣벻Ҳ
ؿڣδ˵꣬һѪӿȻղһԭƾδ׻ָѩϼ˪
١
һ֣Ա߼Ҳһ㶣ֲøղһ˿ֲǴ˵е̫٣١ǵ˴ơ
԰
ʱһžѹһص˵ٲһֱڶɾôֻᵽС
СӣСиʦٶ룬ġ
һ˵ţһؿڼѨ뼸ö˵ҩ벻׼ʥΪȴȺش
ǣǺǡ
ֻűҹղЦһΪ磬ȴδ׼ʥС֡
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ҹɫ£ʱǹ棬ֻĵӰּ䣬ˡ
Ͽ֪ղЩʲôˣȻʵ
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Сɫѣᡣ
˵˫ָ󣬻ĩ׺ȥڸоΣ
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׺̧ͷ֪ΪΣȻôʱЩңɼˣԱ㣬һֱΪϣҲʼǸ书޳ˡ
û¡
գ׺ҡҡͷֽͷȥĬĬ˵ȴֻ룬ԭô
߰ɡ
Ҳٶԣһ̣Ҳ֪룬֮·ô򵥣統ԼһɣɡΪɡ
ҹɫֶ˼⣬֮󣬼Ѿص棬׺ׯʮʦСӰȫҲ˿
һȥһ£ⲻһµʱ׺ȴǾһŻᾭ顣
ԭΪ֮ˣǲʳ˼̻𣬸һɣ֪ԭһ;ա
磬Ҫ𡭡
ʱգǰˣѲǵǸ书޳֡׺Ծһֲᣬһ𣬿պɷ֮֮ˡ
ҪȥɣȴǷŲ³ĵεΣŲ¼еĵס
֮ˣȴҪնϳһǣҡ
˽볤ȵ죬žǿߵˣһȥȻһǣҰɡ
һ̣֪ΪΣԺֳָ˵Ļ

һ죬ˣҡ
Ĭһ˵ţһ߻ȥֻѩ𣬵ֵȻҪߵʵ

׺ع˵ͷһﲻãһּᶨΣҪȥԡ
֨֨֨
ѩһҲƳԣһ˫Բ۾һգһգ
ˡ
˿ٶԣһ˵꣬תһ̤¶ȥգۼ䣬㲻ӰˣҲȥˡ
硭ء
ҹĻ£һˣһ̣׺кȻЩտյģҲ£ڣȴͻȻʲôһ
ӡ
ʱʮʦӺɽ˳⸽˵Ӱʱһʵλ޳ӡ
ˡ
׺תȥʮʦ˵ǻׯɡ

֮⣬Ͱһ·УһɽϣȻͣʵϣղǸ꣬ǡ
ҲͣתʱķһۣȴֻǾʱ˫ü΢˵ҹ꣬ЩѰѰķ꣬ҲǸոǹϲŷ֣𡭡

û˵ֻ˵ͷ˫ָһͷ׷Ŀһʱɽ롣
ȵȡѵ
һ˲䣬ǷʲôɫȻ䣬͵̧ͷ
һ˫ۣòŵ߰ɡ
ϡôˣ
ԱߵȴǲԣΪϴʱ飿꾿ʲôˣΪϴʱȥЩֵֹģ
߰ɡ
ٶԣɽǰȥˣȥУڶձ뿪Ƭ֮ˡ
ͻȻʲô£뿪ʵ
⡭
һʵ뿪һ£Ǳˣֻһ·ϾöԷ֣Ǵ򷲣ǾͲˡ
˺ܶʱʵ֪ģֻһ·̽ѰǸպøӦǹȵȷΪӡ⿪󣬱㼰ʱˡ
˶˵΢΢תͷٴʵ
ɱžǱߡ
ڿˣֻ˫ü˵ߺһ£ɱžǱߵļλôϢ
Σ
ͣ˽Ų֮ǰӦӻΣգҹӰȥɱžǱߵ飬֮ǰ˵û£ôֳʲôô
üͷ˵Ǳߵ̫ˣĺ棬һλɱˣλĹԪǣˡ
˵ΪǽӽʥλѲĶˣǰܡ׶༪١
ˡ
һ̣ҲüѹǰʱЩõԤУĪɱžǱ߳ʲô
ĺ棬˶λѾĶˣ˾жֲˡ
ˣϣһǰδ빬ǵģϿ֮󣬾ȥ
һ˵ţһߴȡһֻȴһöССĺɫӣ滹Լš޳֡
ֻö棬һֱҲзȥǺȻһ±Ȼ޹⣬Ե֮ҲѾһϸСѺۡ


1048 ɱ
켫ơ
öϸƵĺɫһɲǣʮǰɱžһĻĻǰһ㣬һһӹļ䡣
ʱ䲻֪ѹȥʮꡣ
ʱ֮ʱ뿪ţʲôҲǣֻ֪ɱ֮
һ֮ħΪɵ֮
̼ǵǸʱȥ켫ҹµ˽⿪ԪӤ֮գӦ켫ò֮ȥɽʱδ롣
ҲһΣɱž˽⵽һЩڵ飬뿪ʱ򣬹µ˲ͨҲö켫ƽ
켫ƽζţߵʲôѺ鷳Կɳִȥ켫켫
һöССӣµ˵ȴأΪֻ꣬һףֻһ׹µ˿ĹһԪӤ֮
˿̽öʧȥ켫üĽʱδôȥעö켫ƣ켫һֱ̲ġ
µķʧˣҲݽˣѵǹµ˳ô
ϡΣ
ü˳˼𽿪ʵ
̻ȥ
켫𣬲ٶԣδȼ֪֮ԼνͻΪӡʶð˰ö켫ƴϣҲ֪µ˵ԼأԼƣȻͲ·ϵˡ
˲ԥٶϻȥˣȵ澳ʱ֮
뿪ʱ첢ûʲô鷢ϴǸŮӣҲûѶϢ
һУȥƺԵʮȻԽƽˮ£Խǰӿ
صʱѾҹɫΪѾǰѶʶҹδ溣ЦԼҽʥҩʥλڵ
ʱ˻Цһ¾ʹϸܵһɲһϢҽʥҩʥˣͬϸܵϢ
䲻֮ǰ˵ַӹ棬һϣҲֵϢȥĶࡣ

Цº룬Ŀ⣬ΣѾ֮ǰ˵ķӹ⾳ҵǻ
ԣһȥǹȣջʮ޾Ȼղûгɹӹ⾳Ҳࡣ
ǵǺ̶ǰߣʱһ˲䣬λŵ⣬һ̣·оԼ뷵ӹѾԶˣֻǻһ
ʲôʱ޷֪ڤڤУԻ⡣
ߣ
ǰˣ˵ţһֵ䣬νġ֮
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һأҩʥۺҽʥˮ̶Щˣǵ֮ͬǰһֱΪ֮ضĳĵرЧʳ֮Ϊͻƣ¿ƺȫô¡
ˣʱȲ˵ˡ
˵գδ溿ȥɱžǱߵ飬δ㽫ɱžǱߵ˵ˣ¸˶ǱߵҲ̫һǰѾǱߵʧȥϵѶҲ޷ݹȥˡ
֮üִӻδӹһöǿӵµĻ
дһ˿ˣ˵ӻδɢһƻҲʧˣ˵Ӷˡ
켫Ҳʧˣö켫ǵµ˽ԼģǱ߾ʲô£ѵ켫Ҳʲô
Σ˼δ뿪ʵ
ٿ䣬ɱžǱߡ
ɫȥҪǵĿӣʮӰ̫࣬ץߵ죬ԷҲƴȫΪͻƣΪ溻죬տӸӦΣʱȫԶߣα
˿̣߬ĻȻڵͻΪ̫˾ϮһУһ
һգսʱȻ߶ȫ۳һâԼ˹һâ裬ǴԼԼؽǰԪشٲ
ʱĿȴǿӣ鼱֮УҲд»Լֵâʱȴûϵâ˲仯һɫĸ˲䶴ţڱסˡ
Ļʣ޼Զ統꣬ϾڤŷɥʥССһڤҪܣһ£
һŴҹɫµöȻûκβҲһ¡
֮ܶҪȥɱžˣǣµж켫Ҳˮ֮ΣԼҲҪȥô¡
˼ˣԥҽʥҩʥλȥʵλǰ֪˫Żжã
⡭
ֻˮ̺Ͳ۱˴˶һۣüһ۲Żعͷ˵ĺչʣ£¡չʣ겻ǲĻӦûʮչ
ʱ̫ˡ
ָ˫ᣬҪ֪йص길׵飬£ȥȿӣ˶Ѿħʲô¶óȥֻ¿ӻΣա
ȥɱžɣ˫ᣬǻüʱҲܹϡ
δ˹ϣȥɱžһǾȿӣʮ֮ڽȥˡ
ǾǰĻΣҲȥ
Ҳ˹ϰþű䣬ѲֻǵȵССҽɣı죬ֹҽ
ʱ￴óԼԼ͸һɳ֮⣬꣬ΪǱ顶ű䡷ɱʦ÷磬๬ţֽߡ
á
ٶԣһɲǣҲ鳾ʱȥˣ죬̫˾˴ãˣı֮ˡ
һҹȥɱžգ˵ĻΪѲ֪˺εȵزЦһͬǰͬһλ׼ʥЦʶĺ˻ĵˣһ±ؽ˳࣬һĻȴ˺֮ǡ
澳Ǳ߷粨δһһڣٳϴε飬ûǿ򣬿ºǡ
վЦȻ죬ȥɱžԽԽãԽԽãֻͻδ롢溡˹ͬǰ


1049 ʱ
ڶ峿źһ˱㼴̣֮ҹ˶ǣճ㶦֮ѲڣǣɲŮˡ
ǰɲŮ죬һ𣬲֮࣬ǲѷ֣Ϊһ磬ڽɱžǱߵ飬Ҳ֪һЩ
¥ֵ貣£ŽһЩɱž飬ɲŮҲ˼òŵˣɱž˶õˣʺ쳾£һ
ŴԣЦһ˵˰֮£̣ݣ棬ȴǳ׵

ŵ̫˾죬Ĺа֮аĹ֪˶˵ɱžˣ˻һ㡭ǿɺޡ
˵ɲŮüһ̧ͷż˵ʵѷǵɱȣɱžѾƣǴУҪӱСġ
ɱžôҿҲδؼֻˡ
˵ţһۣڶǣþ·ȥɱž˵
£˱ǱɲŮɳĮǱ߶ȥƬɳĮޱ޼ʣһ²ŴΪٸߣҲ˵ܴġ
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֮󣬼ѾɳУʱѰ֮˽ƬɳĮ죬ǱɳصףصһЩֲ־޴ɳɣֻߡƬ̵Ļɳ
ٶǰһΪʧϾϵ£δԽƬããɳĮģĳжأжǿ֮ԻȥһжΪ˱
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δ֮壬Ȼ޾κκ䣬곹֮Ҳ޷ȴҲκ˶䣬ʱɺʴ£Ѿ̲סһϣʹһЩ
ʱʣҹټ·ˣΪǶʮǰɱȣɳĮĶ࣬ϸʱľǿ߶ܱ棬ʥǿˣɸС˴
ǧ֮һֱɳĮʱգҲȻߵؽ磬ʹߵȻ޷⴩УȻһġ
ǰϿȣЪϢһ߰ɡ
¹£ֻǰ߲ԶԼԼһϿȣϿϷͽʰЩ𣬼һѣǿ䡣
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δ룬о𣿡
ʶص̽ȥȻɳ£ʲô谭һʹʶԼ̽ȥ

δ˫ü΢˵ͷֳʱķȥ˵ԼԼԪǱȥġ
ϣôˣ
ʰЩ˵ʲôҡҡͷ֮ǴƬɳĮȥɱžȿӡ
˰·ҹѰȫ֮ЪϢºڴƬɳĮ˵Ŀɳ
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һͷ׷ûϳ˭ϸһ֮󣬲ŷ־ǶʮǰֻɱžǸˡ
ˡ
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ϣϢĪΪѾͻ֮
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ϴɱžѹȥʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬֮˶ԣ㳤Ҳˡ
Ҳӵû뵽ʮǰǸСС꣬ΪѵԼ󼰵ľ硣
׸ģأأٶˣǷ񻹻š
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Źȣһп˵ʱĹҲţ˵ǡǸѾˡ
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ˡ
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ܣôܻ˵ֻҪ˳ͻңΪʲôΪʲôǱɱңȥ𣬲
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ǰֵĴɽ˵ʮǰҴһ仰˼գ˺޲ط£Ѿˣ鲢ûлԼãû˸飬ĭڽٶΪŲ£Բʹ࣬ԲŲ;˺޹֮ˡ
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֪ΪΣδȻһ壬ǰïܴȥ΢΢һֺδ룡ʲô
վһԣҲһסˣЩΪ˹ߡô˵أȻǱ壬֮ˣȴĪˡ
ˣϣȥ׷׷

˫һ㣬չṦǰƬɽȥˣǰ棬δ˲֪ԶͣϾۻ䡣
δ롭δ룡δ롭
ܿ죬ʹδ΢΢һæ̧Ӳ˲۾ң
δ룬ʲô㡭ôˡ
ǰ۽ǵۣδһ㣬˵ЩܵĻ񷴵˲ǡ
һ˵꣬˶Էϣȴӯӯһ죬ˣǲҲأǲҲͷء
ӡ
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ѩƮʱǷҲǵáǸδŮ
˿һ𣬲֪˶ãʱǰߴԼ֮Ȼһ쳣ʹŰ֮ңڴ˴ɽҲܵˡ
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δɿķȥոǹǡ
㿴
ʱóзŵ켫ƣԭѾʧȥ켫ƣһ̣ȴȻ϶ʮֲȶ·ʱ᳹Ϩ
δ뿴켫ƣü˵ӣ켫ѾΣ֮С
ôˣ溺Ҳ׷ȻҲܵ˸ղǹ쳣
عͷŶ˵켫ܳˣȹȥǰ֮µĽƣ뵱Сġ


1050 ֮ϣ
쳣֮ǰȥԼг֮ʱȻͣʱ溺ҲܵˣǰԼԼһ㼫صĽ֮
ʮǰʱ򣬲ûһɽ֮ʱ䣬ɱžȷʵ˲С⡣
켫ɱž֮ǣﲻҪ졣δǰһƬããɽҰ˵

˵ͷҲԥ켫ԶڶǣڹȥĻҪʱ䡣
ǣ֮ΪǣȺֱ˳ɱž֮һӹ񣬾ۼ֮ˣΪǣȻʵȴһСС
ΪڣɱžһЩǿţΪǣǡ˪󡱡켫
ǧط߳ȥĵӣǳɾɱžǿļţҲҪɵ֡
ȻЩ֪Ǻԭ򣬾˥֮󣬵ʵ͹ģĻһף˪ž켫֪ʲôԭȴ֮ˡ
Ȼ켫ʵ͹ģȥǰߣ켫ȴѵģţԼ˽켫󼸺ʧˡ
ʱǵĶﱾ켫ڣƽﲻ˪ˡ
ȻǣǼ󣬹ʶҲԶǧ濴ȥǴھϵ˵ǵжԹϵʵҲΪ
ֻʮԭһԣǲ󶯸ɸģҿսǿ»Ӱ쵽ɱžǣһЩϵʱ¾ⲻһȷѪɱˡ
ȻľκҲ뿴ģԼƽĵ˳ͻҲǵԸǲġ
Ҳˣ켫ĵһǲȥڱǺ˪ڵǣͬ˪Ҳǡ
Ǵ˿̣ǣɼˣҡڵڽϣûκһ˿ɵǲ켫ĵӣ֮󣬼й
ʱȺ֮Уһƹɽ֣֮켫ǧڴȴǲ֣ȥѹ֡
⼸£ŵģֹ˼ǧĹ£ЩҲ뿪ĵӡ
켫ǵ֮ʣȴһ˲Ը뿪ȻҪĵֿĵֿȥûκá
ʦ㣬ٹ죬Ǿˣô졭
ʱȺ˶Щ㷲м䣬վһµŮ
Ůȥ䲢ģ·ֻʮ߰꣬߬һö㣬ʱ㣬һҲиӣȥΧ˶ҪԵó졣
ǵŮ𽣬ʱѾȥ˶ʮ꣬ģȴȻûжٱ仯ΨһͬǣڿȥӼ㣬Ҳӳˣ˵
ң뵱꣬켫ʱʱ¶µʱܷ·ɵϵӵ۸
ʱ·ֵµЩϵӣռǵȣǽ֮£ֻ
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ʱ䣬Ըץ켫ٵӣȫʩ裬ȥ˵ʦʦ㣬ûȳԼȴ˶Է
ӵҲˣܵһٶ˽ǣŮӣܾ裬಻ԡ
ʱ򣬾ҲͣҲӼǰǼϲ֪ôͻȻΪǣµĵӣҲΪͻͽ
֮ǰ켫ʵһֱȲǵֵסǵĹƣǼˣΨ켫󷨷Щ˻ʱҲֻʱѡ
֮켫һԣıԣҲУҶڶС
Ȼһˣʱֻǵ㵽ΪֹҽŹΣ
ѾĿŵų켫Ӯˣˣ켫ˣһһΪ
⻰Σʲô¶ܹóգضǱȥˣǽ˾ȳˣôξͲӦⳡԣûȳûа취ձȥӦս
ȻֻǱѣĿģҪ켫ⱳ󾿾˭ʹΪʲôǲ֪µλ֪
ɾ֪Σɱž˶ǳ׵ˣûܹ𴩴˵Ŀ˵ʵҲԶԶĶ֡

ʱȥ죬죬켫ʼձ֣ͷҲŲƣջ̻̲


1051 ֮£
ضûܹЩܵȫȳֻȳĸʮȻڶԷ
Ǳ֮գδ켫Ĺ㳡ѾˣѹѹһƬǱٳһ㣬Щˡ
Ǵӹģʵ켫ԶԶԷ˶࣬Ҳ֡
ԽⳡԣѾûʲô켫߳ȥЩˣܹϻ
ǣѾƵˣκҲٽ
οд켫߳ȥˣȻҲд߳ȥˣ˫ƺ⣬ԽգЩ켫߳ȥˣѻ
˿̣켫⣬ɪɪ֮ʱڣ켫ĵҲʼȥˣֻȺ棬һϼɫŮӣŮض𣬵껹һܡ
ĸ˳Ϊʮ֮ߣΣûлڣǰھͲŴȥȻѡ¡
ͬˣѾδţȥҲԸ켫Σ֮ʱ뿪
Щ켫ʶʦʦ㡢ʦʦãѰﵱɵڶңҲʱ뿪
ʱȺﻹһˣŲˣһ£üĿǱˣǷ·ɡ
·ɲһҲͻûʲô·Ϊ켫ʱ̫̣һЩ֮䷢ìܳͻҲδزܡ
ǵļ˵ΪѷǵɱȣȵĻȻһһˣûκοɱԡ
ʱڵӸ漸λ棬˶ֻǹ㳡棬ʮʦֵܱԷסȴѵÿ
ʮʦֵ˺ۣҲǱϣЩܾĥ
ʦܡ
ָʮ棬мǵͬһģҲͬһ죬Ƕܵ·Щϵӵѹ
Ϊ˾ǣ·һҲδ뿪켫ΪȽգǾȻ
Ϊʣµе棬ֻз·ɵΪߵˣҲȥ˵Ļ켫ûκ˻ܳսˡ
Ȼˣϻ˵жˣһϰɣˣ̷ˡ
·䣬˵ǰһ̤һ̣ʮʦܣҲеһʦֵΪܼʹضʦ㣬Ҳѷ֣ضʦûܹȫȻϣͶڷʦˡ
ʱڶ棬ʵЩ⣬ȻҲ˼λϣǼλϣȴ켫λ˽š
̧ͷϿ˿λǼˣɸ߿ϵţһУֻܿԼˡ
Ǻǣ·ɣһ𣿡
ʱǱ߳µӣЩ˵ϢƺΪҲ͡
ԸһȺϣˡ
·䣬䣬һʱһ֣ǻ֮Уоζȥ
һɲǣһ˵ķʱ˻ķԻ֡ʮ
ҲãǾװס
漸һʱ˹⼸ɱأһսѰԣ
ʦֵģ
ƼǼͣɱ¶ʮ켫ĵӶɫɱ֮Уƴʲôԣ
ߡ
·һߣǼ˵ĹƣԵ⣬ֻȫһߣеľֶʱʢһҪڳһֱǼȥ
䣡
˫սһս˶ԶԶȥϢ켫ߣλס˺һֱ
е棬ǵȻֻз·ɵʵǿģ·ҲĻǽ켫ûһӻܹٳսˣʹսҲϡ
ľϣʦһӮġ
ʱһλµĳߣⳤľǵһĴϡ
ʱľ˫üҲֻŵõˡ
һ̣켫˶ſţضҲְ˰ʱ䣬㳡ǿ켫ߣѾֳӮ棬漴ʹĸһҲǷ·һ˵Ķ֡
ʦ֡ͣ켫ߵʿ𽥸߰вٵӶź
ľϵҲ룬·ɵʵȷʵǽеǿˡ
ȻǺһˡ
죡
ֻ·ɺȻԾ˫һߣŵȻ¡
ȵĻ棬ʱù㳡Ҳ˲׹˻¯һ㣬ֻеȫƤҪƽһ㣬æԶȥ
⡭
Ǳߣ˽һû뵽·ɵʵ˾ˡ
Ǿŵһ±ߵĸ˸ܲҲ޷㿪ֻ¡һ죬ȫ˳ȥʱҷɣϢŭأҪپһ¡
⡭
ڳ˶һĻסˣ·ɵʵ̫ǿˣֻһˣҪȡʤҲô׵ġ
Ũɢȥֻ·һصˣˡ
Ŷ
˵֮ʱԶȻ֮ǰǸӵЦˣǿϸˡ
⡭ǣ
һߣ켫ĵӽһոշʦôǿһô
ϸ֮£ŷЩϾȻһףһƬƬɫƬ֪Ǻȫղŷ·ǿֲһֵˡ
׻ôߣ
·һߣһӣٽ˻һɲǣȴһ˿Цһ˲䣬ͬʱʧˡ
·ɡģ
һɲǣضȻ˳ٶٿ죬켫Ӷδ壬ȴһ˲俴ˣΪٶһ±֮죿ԣ
Ȼ·ҲˣǶԷٶ̫죬ֻһӰ˱ѹǰ
飡
ֻһ죬·ɻδüмܣѱһһƴϣʱֻеȫٺ飬һѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ʦ֣
켫ĵӣʱŻعôܣĸˡôΪһ¾ǿô࣡
Ƿ˵ҩ
ľһָоɫ¶ǵҩѰҩܹʹ˵Ϊһǿô࣬ĵҩ
Ǻǣһ֮ǿкá
һЦ·ɴʱѪӿȻղһ£һУش
ǡ޳ܣ
ɫ󾪣û뵽Ѿ޳ֵܵزڱоõҩ
ԡѵҪɱʦֻ֣ҪʦһûܹӦսˡ


1052 
ʦ֡ģ
𽶸Ȼһһɲǣɱһ˲䳯·Ϯɱ˹
һ̣켫еӽŵľѣͬľڵļλɫһ䣺·ɣ
Ǻǡ
ĿĵӰ·ɾֻЦһһ˲䣬ȫ棬һĵӰȥ
¡һ죬ʱҴܣһɹɳȵϢ˳һܵˣΧĻľһ˲䱻ÿή
ʦ֡
һ̣켫еӶסˣֻǹ㳡룬֮У·ƾһֵ֮סˣѾܴѪϴȴǰ㣬δ˺һ
ʦ֡
㳡棬Ҳסˣң뵱켫ʱ򣬷·ֵЩϵ۸ˣǸʱ·ˣֲȥǶԷ񡭡ȴ
ȴֻһˡеʦʦá
ݺվһ
Цһڷõҩ֮˵ΪѲ֪˶ٱղŷ·ǼľԪһҲֻǵֵסǣȴԺǡ
ôᡭ
ɢȥʱ켫ڵӿ㳡Σɫ𽥱˽һôܣոշʦþȫһô˿Ҳδ˵ˡ
ˣϣǺǡ
棬Ϊ׵Цһ䣬ɱͬʱɱУδ壬ֻ顱һ·Ѿ浹˳ȥ
ѪҲڰлһߣһɲǣ˷㾲˶۾죬ȴûκһ˿ֱ·ص˲ʧ˳ʦ֣
ۣ
䵽ϣ·һѪӿѵһҲ׹䵽Ľ£һ±Ȼ޹⡣
·ɡ
λϵʱĿѣֻľ˫һ²Ѫ˿ָȥԶѣˣ
һ£켫еӵŭ𶼱ȼˣʲôԣ˷Ҫɱ˷ʦ֣
Ȼʱѹ켫ĵȴҲֻǸŭҷû˸ȥӭսˣʦֶ˵Ķ֣ȥһ¾ûˣ
Ǻǡ
ΪӵЦ㿴𣿼Ȼû䣬ұǳأҲΥɡ
㡭
λһʱ˵Էǿһ켫ƣΥ棬Σ
䣬Ǻǡ
Ȼֻ·ӵվȫȾѪʱ̲ס΢΢һ
ҷ·ɣ򼸸ֻõҩķô
һɲǣֻ·һ̧Ǿ־ַһ󣬺켫ĵӽһʦѵҪ˴𡭡
ʦ֡
ҲסˣԸоóʱķ·ɣѾǿ֮ĩ໹ٳֹһΣǱܲסˣĸˣȴǶɱġ

ľ΢΢һӡ·ɱĿˣǼ϶ư֮ˣ񡭡
Сսȥɱ֣Σգ
ڼֹ֮ʱȻ䣬֪һ㺮⣬ʱ˸еһϣһ˲׹˱䣬ȫ£̲ס
Ҳգ˵Զʤ٣ʤ֮䡭
ס֮ʱһԶһɲǣ˵켫ĵӶˣҲ̲ס΢΢һ漴Ӧĵطȥ
䡭ʦ֣
һӻ߹ʱڳϵӽһϣһ̶ɫºʱصġ

켫ߣضҲһϳǸӣԭһֱƽ޲ϣһ˲
һЩϵӣʱҲϳǸȥʮֱİӣЩʮǰ켫Լһʮµӣʶ˭
¡
ǸסˣľһҲס˺Ǹ㳡İӣһ̣Ҳ޷Ϊˣ
䡭ʦ֡
㳡棬ĸսҲסˣû뵽ʦֻʱ֣һֱչ𡭡
ˣĸ¡
ӵص˵ʱѾ˹㳡ϣʱǼϣǰ·Ҳҳһһ


1053 
ǣǡ
ĸ֮󣬸ǲҶԣæ±ȥˡ
Ĺ㳡ϣ˪ֻǰһ㳡м˹ָһݡһһöɫĵҩɵ˷·ǰײؿϣȻűߡ
öҩ֮ƿһھУ߹УӮ
ʱȴһֳɽѹ
켫Ǳߣ˶µӲ֪˭ʱȴԷסˡ
ˡ£
켫ߣλ϶ѱɫľϸǲɫΪѵʲô磬ǼҲ
ڣǼһҲǴ˵Ķˣ·ɾǶʢ֮ʱǴ˶֣
£״ӣһǰչأммʱ
ʮǰ֮ǴҲǴˣ֮ʱѾ֮켫ֻصչأһֱڣٴγ֡
·ɲĶ֡
ľϰԳ뵽ʲôɫʱһ䣬̧ͷ·ɣ
Ǻǡ
һ̣㳡Ϸ˪ľϵĺ·ȴȫţֻŶ£һ̤ؽöҩȵ÷顣
Ⱦٶ켫ˣˣһ̶ס˺ҳ
Ŷ
·ɽҩ飬µصȻǾһУ߹һУ켫Ӯô˿Щˣȫǡ
ֻ̧̧Ǳ߹㳡Եʮˣȫ켫ĵӣʱҧݣһŷ·ɡ
һУٺ١
·ɫЦЦԴʱֵȻĿţڳ֮ˣȴûһ˵ġ

˻δعʱֻ·ͻȻȥһɲǣǽ⿪ĳַӡһ㣬һ߰ķ֮ϵѪͻȻȼһܳ棬ˣԡ
ʦ֡˿̺켫ӶסˣһԶŷ
ľϵסˣ׻С˷·ɣϾ·ɵļ壬ɱžҲʮֹˣܵûκεƣ
һֻ̣·ȫȼ˫棬Ҳǳֻķˣü֮ϣǳһ˻ӡ
ո˵һ֮ô
·ȼ棬Ҫپһ£˶ס˺һϹ
رЩҲû뵽·ɾȻ˿µѪ֮ʦֹȻǿ󣬿˵һСղҲδѻ˵̫ˣô죿
һС
Ϣ֮ʣȴȻ治ɫǽ⼸ֵ˵˳
¡
أǼ΢΢һ·ɴʱͻȻǿ࣬һСδҲ̫ðˡ

˾֮ʣֻ·ͻȻչ˹ƣԡȼһֻȼյķˣ³ȥ
һɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫԶԶˣҲܵǹƲɵķ
ʮɣʮɣʮɡһɣ
·˲Ϣǣ˴֮ʱǲŵһĻˡ
ֻվԭأҲδһֻô΢΢һָ̧һ𣬱赲ס˷·ɵĹơ
ôܡ
ڳ֮ˣ޲¶֮ɫ˿ֲƾֵָ
ʱ·˰һδ˹Ҳǰһ֡
˵ˣһС
µȻˮ䣬ͻȻʧһһ˲䣬ٳʱѵ˷·ɵǰֽһְϣ֨һӲļ

·ɵʱһ˺ѷεĲҽУ˷ӦּҲһ±ˡ
ʦ֣
ˣʱĿѣ顱һֻ·ɱһƴ˻һǻҲˡ
·ɡ
ضɫһ䣬˲㳡ϷȥҲһ˲ȥס·ɣһˮע룬ǿסơ

һֻ̣·Ѫӿ˫Բ˵ˣضָһιһöҩȻҩȴ˳Ѫ˳ιȥ
Щ켫ĵӶסˣľλҲɫұ䣬ոҪȣվһ
ʱһͬ˹ס·ɵƣղŶǱ·һΪѣ֪ܷס
ˡ
ֻĸ֣һ˵꣬˫ָתǱȥ
㲻Ҫߣ
˫ۺȻͨ죬һ³Էȥضڸ·ιҩûϵͻȻȥһʱɫ𽡭
ľ˸ɫ䣬ɴʱ·˹ֹˣܹȥֹֻô󺰵𽣡㲻֣
Ȼһ̣𽾹ţü֮ϣҲһΪӡӡֻһ˲䣬һ˲䣬ʧˡ
Ȼֻ˲䣬ӡĳ֣ȴһɼǿֻ˫ֽӡһǧɫˮ뷢һ㣬س±ȥ
ķȴֻ΢΢һ̧֣˲һܣˮֵ

һһһɰɽʱ𽷭ӿȥ
ˮһɲǷ飬ֻеһϣһ˲䣬ʧȥƣ󵹷˳ȥǰɽһ˲Ҫûһ㡣
ʦ㣡
Щ켫ĵӸŵľѣ˳Ǵ˿̣Ѿˣɿֲ£ʶģˡ
һɲǣ·ֻص˵꣬صʮǰһĻһĻǰ
ʮˣԭδǹô
Ҳһƴ˳ȥȴֱһ˫ֽסˣô䣬˫֣ȴôů
ʦ㣡ʦ㣡ʦ㡭
Χֵ˿ҪûһʲôҲʶģˣô
һΣô
֪Уѻʯ޴֮
ʮǰǸϤһ̷·سߣһ˫ů֣ʱĸоΪξʵ
˵֮ʱ£һУɻþһγǰԭ˵ô
ȻԼôˡ
ԡ

һ̣𽶸Ȼ۾ȴʱԼӵΪ̫ͷİ׷סߡ
һжƻãǼ٣ôΪͷȫˣ


1054 һ
ǣˡǣ
ͻȻֵİ׷֮ˣ˽ɫһ䣬û˿ιģ·һ˲䣬ͻȻ󣬶һ˲䣬ԭɽʯһ˲ɢˡ
ʲôˡ
켫ߣ˶¶֮ɫڴʱǣû˿
һ̣Ƿˣʲô˻ˣ
ѵմ켫ȥʦ֡ѳΪһ뢣켫ѣϻˣ
ʱ˿̣˶ڲ²׷֮˾˭ľȴ˶סˡ
ܴʱߣһͷٺڷѱǧ׷Ǵ˿̣һӰ
ľϴǶʮǰʮǰ켫ز֮Ǹˣ
ˣ
ˣ޳
ŴʱԼӣȷԭⲻΣǻعⷵգԼû޳ʮˣĻˡ
ûǣԭû켫
һɲǣкȻˮǧȴֻ֣޳
𣿡
عͷһ̿ﾹ˵ᣬҲǸˡ
һ£ҡͷûûУû£޳㲻Ҫҡ
䵽棬߱紵ҵͷصϣû˿㣬˭㣬Ҿʮ
޳
𽳹סˣȻһУֻԼʱԺģʵǡعͷһۣ䵭׳գ֪㿪ô

һ´ԼĻ˹ʱˣȴŸʵС
һֻ̣׵ģۡһƶߵ飬ϻ䣬һ۴ޣһߺز֪˵Щʲôǡ޳ڻˡͷôˡĻ
ļˮ̵ģģҲҪ⼸µίͨͨ޳
⼸ίҲܿޣΪô˵ʦ㣬ǿ¸ҡ
ֱʱ޳ĳ֣ڿԲôǿˣڶԷޣҲû˻ȻǵǸʮСʦá
ʱ켫ЩµӶסˣȫȻ֪˺£һĴľվԭһҲŴʱ޵ġʦ㡱
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ʱԶӰǻδ溻𰣬ղûܸٶȣֱʱ׷
˵ĵ㳡˸һ㶣ǵδǾգ˶סˡ
δδ㡣
˿Ѿ޳˸ˣ۾ģδɿʹѾȥô꣬ȴȻ統꣬·ԶǸССŮ
ûˡ
δһЦ˲ϵۣȥȥ°ɡĩȥˡ
켫ߣԭأضЩˣȻǵõͻδ롣
켫ˣ
±ڴ˳ţ켫ڵһʱŻعǰŴС
㳡棬˵ȥЩ䣬ͬǣһ׺ݺɱ
ûз˵Ĵһƽƽֻͬûµҹ䡣
ݣ
ֻһ죬һöɫ켫ѳ·˹ȥ½켫ƽУ濴˿޳֣ۡ
޳ԭ㡣
̧ͷݡһֽ켫˻ȥһ˲䣬һ㺮˶еһɲ
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ھѹ켫ˣǱߵˣûмˣȴ˵ڲɽò֮Ǹ޳
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ǱߣҲɫʱǻûܹϳϸһȷʵǵǸˣֻͷˣǴʱϵϢϢ⣡
˲ɫǿʲôµһһ̿񣬾Ǿ֮ɫ嶼ز
¡
ڣһµʧ˳񣬵ȴܵˣǰˣǡ˵Ѿȫһˣ
ʮ꣬Ŷ̶̶ʮʱ䣬˵Ϊȿ¾磬ΪǶԣֻݣ˵
ʱ˿̣㳡ϷУ켫ջֻ֣һС


1055 ˵
ʲô
㳡棬˽һһȻһֻ̧̣ͷŶ治Զ£һС
˷㾲ҲסˣĿɿڴʱ񣬿ȥǸղ¿·ʱһģһ
µΪǷ·ɿɱȣһУδҲ̫Դˡ
켫Ǳߣ϶סˣɫЩ΢΢ףںԶɽϣмߡ
Ȼټһ켫˥䣬Ҳֻľ⼸ϣֻƽΪϸߵĳ϶켫չٳ¶棬켫֮ʣȻҲˣղŲû㳡ϡ
ˡǶʮǰµʮֿصӣ
֮ģ޳ƺǹžˣɳĮһߵˡ
֮ΪΣ
⡭
һµ߿ЦᣬңΪԶ
˴㳡ǱȥҡͷǰУҲ߲Ϊǿ֮ˣҵˣͬһ绮֡
˵Ƭ̼䣬㳡ϵգøˣΧЩĿɿڴګګˡ
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ǿҵĹƣеվԭأûκҪܿ˼Ԫܶû
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飡
˾ע֮£һƽʵʵϣǺȴδŲһûжһ£ֻվᴵ䣬һͷѩĳ
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˫ָ󣬵ؿǰˣΧһ˵ڡ֣һ³˾֮ɫʲô˼ζʲô
û˸ǰһĻǼҲסˣ⼸ʮؼӿ˴ʮʺǴӷȻɽһ㣬˴˵Ϊͻͽ
ˣʱգҲ쾳Ϊѣڣζʲô
ԭΪ±չسΪӦ쾳۷壬ʥĸ׶λһ֮ңɹһ̤Ϻڣȴû뵽µΪѾﵽ˶ڣ
ӿֲǣ¶ڵΪһƴϣȴʲôҲûһΪֵ˺εȾ磿ѵ
뵽˴Ǽϸ˲׹޵Ԩֻеһľӿôǿôǿ
㣬ôܡ
һ̣µϣҲͬ¶һ˿ɫ֮Ծֹ֣׽һƣǣԷһ۾ͿΪǳǴ˵Ϊֵ˺εȿµز
һ;ǺֹԸ֮һ磬о
˵ţ䣬һɰǺʱӿ顱һһ½Ѫ˳ȥ
ֹ£һɲǣǺǺһ뻷ɢǺˣ⵹˳ȥʮŵ켫ӣȴһҲûС
ۣ
䵽µʱһѪӿˣȻδκδˣֻǱ˳ȥܹܵղһǺԷҪɱǵĻǴ˿Ѿ
ǼϣʱɫŹ㳡ǵӰ˸ղǼ򵥵ļ仰򣬾ʲô磿Ϊ磬Ƕһ;򣬾һ־硭
˿ǿԺֳֻ˵
Ƕԣʱվڹ㳡ϵǵӰͬǺһ䣬Ψд˵֣ݣ
ղŵһУǶľ׼գһɲǻȥµܴﵽ˾磬żȻǴ󲿷ֵԼġʮ޾
ʮ޾䲻ʲôϹŲоֻԼѣȴѲЩνϹ湦ˡ
뿪켫ĵطڡ
㳡˵Ψ
ʵѵһҲͰˣɱЩˣΪЩ˵ıһ
ɱžҪǽӾȳȻ󾡿ȥμ˫ᣬ˲֦Ҳ̫עĿϾÿطȻż۷ǿ
Ȼɱ鲻ɱ˴ҪҲɱһӰ٣ܴ˵ǿ
ߡ
ǼȷӦʱԥ˵£һڵӣ˲仯һ̣ڵıȥˡ
ߺ켫ĵӲŷӦæȥʮŵʦֵܽ˳ʮˣš
ʱҲû˸߹ȥֻԶԶؿΨˣŸ
ЩԶȥҲ˻ȥľϿ˿ľϣþò
޳㡭ľһ£û뵽ȻǵԼ
Χ˿켫кöʶҲ֮ʱʵµ˼λǰأ
عһۣ˵λˣϣ
ϣ
̧ͷһۣ䲻֪ʲô˼һ˲䣬Ȼܵһ쳣Ϣ֮⡣
ʱض˹ü˵λǼϣ߿֮ϵţϲȥ
ȥ
˵ţδ뿴ȥ˵δ룬棬ȥʲô
޳޳Ҳϰɣ
һ¼ҲǾ⿴У˵ȵǿ˲٣ھ⣬·ɺľϼλɲȥǻδϵһ룬ˤˡ

΢΢ͷҲԣһǸ߿֮Ϸȥգۼ䣬ʧƲ֮С
±ڵʧڸ߿Ʋ㣬عΪ˸ߣǲһ磬ҪϾ⣬Ҳʲô¡
һߣι·ɷҩһҽ·˵أҲܺ
ллȡ
·ɼѵؿ˵ţոȻ˵أʶȴţʱ̧ͷƣ˵Ϊѵ˴˵֮𡭡


1056 
ˣ޳ǣǻҪð
߿֮ϣƲ죬Ѿˣûзɵôߵĵط˷ܵͬʱȴִżֽţһС׹ȥǷǡ
һϵˤߣǿ½ҪΪǧ켫Цˡ
Ϣ񣬲Ҫ˵
ţŲһֶ̤Ȼ߰ɣΪȾ磬뺣֮ܣʹɸ߿գڲκ󷨵£ƾһ£Ҳܹɵ
Խϣ¶Խͣ˵ϾѽмҲкﲻ죬֮ϣ棬ȴһؽơ
ǶЩСϣȻ壬һʱƬ̣Ҳȫֵס⡰ߴʤĳ֮
¡¡
ϷǧɾʱȻһƬƣѹѹһƬ֣ȥ£ȻⲢѰƣĳؽơ
ˣ޳
һ̣΢΢оɫ¶ƽ±ãһ棬û뵽˿ֲ
Ҫ£ץҡ
һֻץһָֻһ˲һԪס洩ȥ
ΧЩȴ޷͸Ԫ磬һЩһ㣬Զÿˡ
Ϊѷ֮ǰɱȣһȥǹȣ֮࣬ǰĻҪ»һ׵¡
ǣǵ𡭡ŵñۣץֱۣ˵Щ
ˡ
ָһƿһƽƣǰһУһ»Ȼʣֻƣٲˮ£ɾҲ޶ˡ
ۡ𣿡
һΪǰ澰û뵽Ƭֲ֮󣬾һ֮أΪԼѾɽˡ
޳޳쿴
ָֻɵ˷ܵشǼɵһмˮֱ£ˮڣγһѤõĲʺ磬ȴ˵
ꡭ
˸ƣڳԣﾰҲûʲôϡģ⸽ԼԼһʮ

ɫصӣҲסС죬ʱ뵽ȥλ˵ģô֮󣬷¸ء
һЩΪ֮󣬾ͲصĻ׹ȥˣһֻ죬Ʋ죬֪ⷽжҲ֪µǴʱ
޳ܵλ˵Ϣ𣿡һλ˵ӰСʵ

һǰȥˣһ̣ƺѾ֪µںδˡ
Ʋﴩ˴Լʱһɽ֮£ɽܸߣɸ߿֮϶׹䣬Ȼżǿ֧š
ɽϡһ˵꣬ȥϵϢɽϷȥ
֪ΪΣʱԽɽһԽС˵λаδˣʲô˰ɡ
꣬˵
ΪΪԸܲʮ֮ʱܵɶŵ켫λˡ
ߡ
ٴȥϢɽȥˣȿ쵽ɽʱŸܵʱɶŵԭƷ籩һƽʵȴǼΪֲκҲܿһۣ֮ؽǣ
һ½סˣɶһʮǿҲóȻ
ʱֻɽϴһߵ̫䣬ֺαִţΪľ磬ΪΣ޷ΪȻһգǷ֮Ӵٲ֮ѵҲһΪⳤȻһЩΣ
΢΢һСĵϣڡ
Աȴ룬ǳȻ˽ԳԣʹΪȾ磬ҲȻֻء
ʱһϤ𣺡ڣаħĪǾ֪佫ħ԰Σ
ħ
ڴЦһһֱҵ֮ˣΪΣΪһк壡µƣ˵Уʹδֻǲҳʵ뷨ˣ˵ֻҪԹɵⳤˣҲģ

ֻһ̾Ϣ˵ģ̫ˣµѣҰ겻ȴû뵽ħ֡
ħ
ͷЦһħһʥʲôĸһòȻӣȻΪ˲ʲôܸͲڵĹħƷӡٵ켫ǲҲЩȫǸطȥǵ֪ǻʲôʸڿ˵Ҫ켫ĵӣЦֱЦ
ɽ棬һڸղ˵Щʲô˼ʲôͲڵĹħʲô켫ʲôǸطЩӡЩЩˣѵһٶǰʧЩ־ʦʦ𡭡
Ҳ𽥱Ȼ켫Ųɸ˵ܣʮǰʱͲ죬ǰЩ־ĵӣȫˣ켫˼ǧ꣬źһĵ̣ôȴֻйµλأ
޳ڸո˵Ļʲô˼
Щͣګګ䣬ʵ
չüͷҡҡͷ֮ԣδȫȻţ֮ղĻȥ֮Ҫκ˵𡣡

˵ͷգһ˫ˮĴۿȻ֪⣬ʱĻһ

ֻ棬ִλ˵̾Ϣ̧ͷɽȥȻʱλ˵飬һʹġ
ߣ
һߣϻ˵ˣѾŵǳֻ֮Ҫ㼸˽켫ǣк֮ѣ
µѣĪǻףҪ켫ʲô켫ڴˣ֪ˡ
ߣҲˣѪɺΣҺθɣ˭ҵĳ·ǱˣҲ⣡
ʦܡģ
䣡䣡
ȻһǿܼʱɢʮƲ㣬һɲǣԪסߵ𽡣
𽿿ϣɽϣɫЩ΢΢ףոǹǿ
ڣ㵱ҪִԲ򣿴˴ǲƻ󣬽ҵˣһ
ߣ˴ȥҲ켫ȵ£Һθɣܳǧ֮ҺθɣѪɺӣʬǽҲҪ켫
ɽϵԽԽǿΧƬƺҲҷӿ֪˶ãɽһѪ̳ĳǲ֪·ߵöԶ
ʲôˣ
״عͷȥֻ治Զ֪ʱѳӰһ䵭İ׷ӣһĿɰŮ


1057 ƺ֮
ʲôˣ
ͻȻֵİ׷ӺͰŮһһī೤󣬻ΪȥҲ͵ߡ
һ̼ͻȻ֣һŽƺͽ磬󷨣ܹϵǽģ׷ģ
ѵƾһΪӲǲƽģ
뵽˴ߵʱ׹ԨΪ˴ʱһҲ޷ǰ˵ΪǶԷΪ߳Ƕ١
ʱµҲסˣѾȥʮ꣬ʹһͷѱѩףģ뵱겢ûжٱ仯
Ĺº֮Уȴָһ˵Ĳɣįǻƻ£ؼһͣȻӭҹǺ񷣬˵Ĺ¶ա
ֻô̶̵ǻһ˲䣬µ˷·Ѵˣˣʲô
һ̣֮Уȴһþõ̾Ϣ޸֮޷԰ΣЩ꣬ʲôᣬȴǻѩ
µȻ޷뵽ǵ֮Ǹŵӣ޷뵽ͷһҹѩ׵ġ
һҹ磬ϴѩ׷ףѩ֮УѾˣδ˳˯һ죬ľ
ЩֻʲôǸʹģʮ޾һʮƣһ
һ֮µĴѩͣˣͷҲһҹѩס
˿̣ɽϷ˪ڵԽӺȻ֪ǰ˭ȻһƷȥǸո±ߣǶڵΪɱȣ
һʱ䣬Ʋ㷭ӿݣɸ߿ϵգҲҪһ㣬ʧɫ޳ģ
޳
һ֣ɱƶȻһ䣬˲֮һƳȥ˿أ
ȻһȻɿƲ裬һ̧֮£·˲ޣɲʧ޺ۣ
⡭
һɲǣ߶Ȼһ켫̫˼ɫһ䣬ʲô
ʱµҲƷ˾ˣⲻǵڸĴͨ⾿ʲô
ΪһԼԼ֮䣬Ҳһĩɪĳ⣿һޡ
Ϊףʹȥһ
Ȼ̧ƣʱҲͬ䵭Ա΢΢һղôµһƣҲ׵ֵΪʲô磬ѵǰλ˸Ҫˣ
㡭
һ̣ǸеһϣԴΪδйü޵Ϣѹ֮С
ǰ˵ΪȥԼ֮ϣ⹦ʲô׻ȥԼ
ߣ
һߣپۣƫа˫һ̧ĹֱӿƲɵʱƲ㷭ӿ
޳ģ
ɫٴһ䣬ɫʣڹƽʱָֻһһɫ˲ƿն
ڤ粻飬ȡ
һֵһɫʱ֮ƣһ´͸ڵĲ
顱һѨʹ䡰ۡһѪӿѪȾǰ½һƬҶɳ
³ϣ
߽һһֻڵʯһ˲䣬ǶûܹӦ㿴Ѫ˳ȥ
ʱ̫˼һŶ̶̶ʮ꣬ΪѴﵽ˺εȾ硭

ֻɽϣ߲ţһѪӿ޺޵ؿ޳
ȴǾֲʤղһҲˣ赭дȴֱ³ϵĹ
˵Ϊѳͬһ磬֮𣬶ʮ꣬Ŷʮ꣬ǵӲɽò֮Ǹˡ˿¡
¡
ʱɽۺȻһһɰʱӿʹΧƺӿݣԭɽһĵطһ֣Щ
⡭󷨣
̫˼ɫһ䣬£ǹ˼ɴ˴󷨣ԲŲڴ󶯹
ʱ̷վĴһ̣ɽܵƺһ󷨳֣˸ԥͬʱһ
䣡
ɽۣȴδֹͣΧƺǷӿԽԽͣҪһ㡣
ô¡
һץ䣬ҲʱȻҲܹܵ𽥻ҵ
Ǻǡ
ʱϺȻ¶һ˿Цһ˲䣬ֻһ̴ƺȥգ۱ʧ١
¡¡
ԽԽңһ̣ǵҲܵˣ켫Ǳߣҡҡ׹ĸоǿң켫·ҡʱһ
ô¡
ʱǿҵ£켫ĵӶ𽥱û̻̲׷̧ͷǾ֮ȥ
ֻɢ߿֮ϣԼԼһʣʵ
ô
δ̧ͷƲ㣬üҲոȥ棬ڷʲôˣ


1058 ֮
˿̣֮ӿƾ̫ˣԽȶĸλ֮ȴûˣȻɽϡ
ںδһǰʵ֮⣬ȻҪȥ֮
ǧɡ
µ˼Ҫһǰֵ֮ĴĽƼأģֻ棬򲻿ڣĵĳȣض㡭

˵ͷٶԣ˫һţǾȥվ棬΢΢һ󺰵޳Сİ
ӿΣޱȣƲƣǧ֮ϡ
±ߣ淴ƽ࣬ûзĺ棬Ӵ˴¸ӣʲôҲããһƬƺܣȴһɼǿ֮
ǿ
֮ܵǿǿһԴںδҪƿ켫Īǳ
ʱΧȻӡɢĹâӦǸղŹµ˵ļؽˡ
Ȼʱ֮Щƣȴ˺Ϊģܡ
޳ҵ𣿡
ʱƲ洫˹µ˵ЩУȻʮż
ҵˡ
һ仰ʱҲٶԥ˫һ֮ȥһɲǣ֮ʱ⣬⣬Ϊһ壬Ѱ֮ˣؽ֮лΪҽκҲûС
ָоҲ֪ݣΪԼںһָо˵İȴַ·ʶ
ʱ棬ģȴ콵һ⣬·أȣղŵ𵴣һ¾ֹͣˡ
ǣǡ
һ̣߶һ⣬Ͻ¶˲ŵɫ˵֮ϣһǰĴѵġ
켫ڵҲĿɿڴϽ⣬ղŻ̻̲һʱ
ӡ
δǵص⣬һɲǣϣҲĳһĳӦܹʱĴ
δ롭
һ˲䣬Ҳ·𿴼ֻһ˲䣬һ̣֮΢ĸӦʧˡ
ʱںԶ֮⣬ոնߵȻҲܵϹʱعͷԶһ⣬Ҳ˲ŵɫôܡ
ɽϣѾסˣµҲѲ˾֮ɫûгǿ
ЩʼһȻ޹⣬ʱ»âһ㣡

µҲû뵽ԭֻܹȥȶһģȴû뵽ԷŶĹһ¸ˡ
ãһɢΧƺҲ𽥻ָƽֱƮȻʱηһ㣬˹ȥ䣺޳û°ɣ
û¡ҡҡͷµ˿ȥλˣþò
޳
µ˿һƽʮҴҶǰ֮ˣģط仯̫ˣ񣬵仯ģҲͬ
˵һֳƽȻʮ꣬ʲô
һ̣µ˺Ȼ֣Ѿ͸ǰ֮ˡ
ﲻ˵֮أλʦܣȥ̫һֻۣعͷ˵

ʱ켫ĵӷ׷ΧľȼλҲλ˹˹֡
µȺ￴˿ʵʱ䣬ˣ
λ϶üľ˵ֻз·˵ýء⣬ʮˣ

µ˵˵ͷһüͷøˣ㲻ʣӴʱڵӵҲó켫Ȼʱ̴ˮ֮УҪʱȣֻǸ˵
޷ץߵЩˣȥһӦǲѡ
ʱ˵ȥֻղ£һʱд񣺡Ǻ޳ʦһͬȥ
ʱڵ߰µ˵˵ͷΪ켫֮һ֪Щʱܾѹ켫Ҳҳ˴Ǻε衭
ԭ켫ĵطʱ䣬ȴռˣǵߣҲ˵ǿ಻ԣֻЩڳҡڣȴ˸ȥ
ζҪһݺݽѵǹǣӴ˲
㳡棬˷߿ѣһ뵽ʱ䣬Լſڲҳȥˣ˷ߺ޵ıȴһΣǰЩʦʦ㻹켫ܴ衣
˿Ⱥ鼤ܣλ˵ǲ磬λȻȥ˴˵


1059 
ˡҲá
µ˵˵ͷ棬ٺʲȻʱж̫ʣڻȴǰΪá
ʵҲһЩҪʣҲ֮ǰ𰴫ѶҹӰˣǸҲҪʱ䡣
ߣȥ棡
죬ǸʿҲЩˣܿ죬˱㼯ƺƵȥˡ
̫˿ŵǽԶȥüȻһʵǺôĵģ
ΪѾ˺εȵزʵ󲻵ûܹ켫£ôؽԳˡ
˳֣һȷѪ꣬ǣĺ˻ĵˣֻ¸ϡ
Ǵ˵µʱĽҪٴ𣿹Ԥҹսٴ˼𡭡
һ̣˱˴ӣüϣһĳ⡣

켫ŷӣ̫ȻطûܹʱյϢʱȻڽϴҡڵš
켫ˣڸҳôˣٺ١
ʱڶϣԼʮˣ켫ĵӣЦͣ
켫ĵӣѺ޵ҧгݣֻȥЩ˺ݺݽѵһ
ʱ϶岻ӰˣߣҪôҪôܵԶۿ
ʱ䣬켫Ҳڳ﷢ͻˣȻʱ򣬶켫ʧܸգԷȥˡ
ʱʮԽԽˣǰһЩˣ֪˭𣿡
ȥ˭
ʮ¶һɫϷʵ磬ߴ˰ɣƵģˣô

һ䣬Ҫһֹ̧𰶯ʮС꣬¾Ͳ˽ôˡ
ҪȥԸʮС꣬ܽǴʮǧԶδЩ֮ݡ
ֻһһɾӿһɲǣ㽫ʮ˶ԭء
ʮһ¶ãķͳϸķ׭ʧЧˣһ̣ʮϲ¶֮ɫǰˡ
ʦǡҺݺݴ򣡡
֪˭һ켫ĵʱӵϣʹκʽȭͷʮ˺ݺݱȥ
һʱ䣬ҽ֮鸽ĴСԶۿ߶ˣʱ˫ǡ춯ءɽҴܣԭʼĴ򷨣״μ˽԰档
켫ĵӣÿһطȻһȺ˱ñϣνҲ̶ãһ죬ѾõĶǡ
һֱ֮ʱ˲űȫȥ֮ǰ켫ܵˣҲھȻˡ
ʱڱǵԻ谵ĵֻʯ̨һӰɫΪȥȴǼߣǱˣĵᰡ
ˣδЩŹͷˣ˵½ձġ
ʱһ˪Ҫжߣߣʱ˶ͷҶԡ
˺һߵ̧߲ͷС˵ˡǶʮǰ켫ò֮Ǹˡ
ߣ
һߣɫӱˣҲƷĽâҵȻֻ֪˵ǿɲ鵽ˣ
⡭
߱˴˶һۣĬĬͷȥС˵ʱʱûܹ鵽˵
ҪǺã
᰸һŭԭһжˮˣȴ޳˸壬鲻Էκܲŭ
Ϣŭ
΢΢һ£ʱĵ߻谵ȴҲܹ𽥲԰׵ӡ
һС˵Ȼûܹ鵽ݣȴ鵽ɱžˣɳĮǱߣԪˣ޳Ҳ
Ԫˡ
һɲǣ᰸һ䣬֮ʣȻһĵԪˡ
ʲôˣ
ͻȻ洫߽һ̽䱸
ȴһ̧ʾ˲ؽţֻǵ⣬ڻ˾ڶ˵һô
ǡ
ĵٴ𣺡Ҫ߲ᰵȡ˵ͷٽǽ͡
£ֻһӵ˽Ϊһźʲôһɲǣĵȴһ±쪣


1060 ˷
᰽סһɲǣɢȥģȴһᦡ
ֻӡ棬֣Ǿ֣Ƿŭֻİޡ
һʱ֮䣬ĵХ֮ϣֱԱͷƤ飬ľϸǲɫ˻Ǽ
Ҳ벻տƵõһȻ˻Ǽа
˵ȥ˭ţ
ᦡߣ
᰽һɲǣԸܵǿֲİɵĻᦣȻס
Ҳĵ֪а֮֪һУ½ѡ
ᰵΪΣ
ʱڳһӰȫһ֮£İĵƻ£ò
ˣ£Ĵ˾֮һĺڻ˾Ĵ˾һʮأ߶Ҳ֪˶ֻ֪£ʮʮ򣬸ƣھж˭Ҳ
ߣ
һߣһֽڻ˾˻ȥ䲻ȵصҾãΣ֪аžѣ飬ڻ˾𣿡
Ǻǡ
ڻ˾գЦЦһ˽˵ҵĻڣһỳɣǰһУǸƣɢ֮գΨгΪ㡭
һ˵ţһֽᦷ˲ߣɭɭǧҪСˣûᦣᰵҪԸǲܣᦣҾͷˣҪҪãȫڵһ֮䡭
󣬺ڻ˾תȥˣǰֻعͷصᰵܹ˻ܻأôҩͳͶǲᰵģ˵ˣι켫ԵǿˡǺǡ
ȵȣ
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׺һЦĿȻϣôϣԼҲҳ𣿡
һɲǣϵոǱ䵽˼ޣ˵Ŀ⣬ƽƽȴϵķâһ
վ棬ʱҲü˷֮٣ʲôħŮȾΧžЩŤʵ
׺ʱȴȫ˵һ𣬻ϳԼݣʱԼݣǲҲһЩĪе֮
ҪˣҪߵڰף˵壬ϷͼıħˣһԿҲøĿ
һ̣սŶ£˶ס˺һؿ
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ɱžԪħ֪ʲôɣʲôħģԹħȴʵ
ޱ֮ʱֻվĿһڰ׺ϣص֮һ

Ŵһ˽һһ̣ǵﻹǵ⣬Щ֪ˣˣ޲¶֮ɫ죬˿ȴһҲ
޳
Ҳסˣؿһôܣ޳ôǴǸµħ֮


1065 
̣˶֪֮󣬸񶼱ˣƵŰ׺ղ˵Щһ
ЩĴʮ֮㣬Ͼһûǧĵ̳ȴжռһͷ
һ˼ɵģ˼ɵȻⲻͼӴףö֮νľħ
£֮Ҳ˿ɱϣŵħ֮
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һʧڣĻɢ˴˲ɣ˴˲ͣ켫Ȼơ
ܵġ
ʱֻŰ׺ĻᶨΪʶ޳ǸղŰ׺˵
ֻΪһδεؾԼʱô飬ܺܶʱǱģʮԽӽ
ǣǸϵĹҲˣңɼÿÿҹ٣ҲǶҹ
޳һˡ
һǾ˺ܶ飬Żˣûоģʲôʸʲôʸָָ㡭
ʮǰ
ʱĽϧλվŰ׺ʮǰɽںڤɽйɽħΧڣʱδڲŵԱȫ
˴ͣͣǱ֮٣Ҫ˵ħ֮ɲҹͬ
˵дʣϵ˶ϸϸ˼һߣ
׺ǵһЦһʱһʱʮǰ֮˺˿϶ǵڶԿħ̵Ǹ
㡭
˵һţ޺޵ҿĺûһǺˣ
Ҫԡ
ĽϧĿȻͣڰ׺ϣĺףΪ˵ҲֻУ΢λĿǰȴв֪¶ۡ
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δ㡭𽲻ɵһ㶣ʱˣδôܹЦó
Ŷ
׺ȥλ֪кμ⣿
δ뵭һЦŵһУ˵ǰ涯ˣôʣЩ鷢֮ʱһԿţ
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˵
δһЦվһȥĿ⣬ʼֱϣô֪˵
׺Ѩ磬Ȼ˵
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˵˴ʱ˶¶ɫ˵Щǵ棿Щ飬ֹݣħɥĲ
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һɲǣ׺кȻ͸ɱҲһ˵ɱ¶˽һǾ˳δ㡭ģ
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ڣޱȰ׺ϵɱȥˣȴǱɺӲѹȥġ
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ȥұҲһȥġ
ƽؿŰ׺ԽˣԽ˸еϢѹ֣Ϊʼգ϶ûκһ˿ɱ͸ȴ׺ǹɿµɱȫѹȥ
һĳ˵⾳Ҫ߳׺٣ʵ
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ͻȻϸĿȥֻһߣһ쳤ۣзͼڴ壬˫ָϢȻһΪߡ
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һֱ䣬ǿ׺ű˺£Ǳˣ溡
Щ죬л·ˡ
溱˱ȭʱŽϳǷҵϣڣһʱ䣬Ͼоɫ¶ҵ˼أ߶ʵȴС


1066 Ұ
ߣ
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ʱҲ߽ˣ׺ʱҪж£һɺͬ˵
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ʱվڱ˱ȭ׺˿ɣղ׺ʱ֮Ըе죬Ϊ̽׺
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𡣡
Ҳ˱ȭ˿˿Ŀ˰׺ϣĺף£ȴʩͼƿžߣһֻǳ룬㽫ϷĻԭԭȥˣ
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׺̧̧ñߵſʱתͷصλ£ҪȫˣĪ󣬺ڲѡ
˵գֱ΢΢һ̧˲仯һâԶʷȥˡ
ֱãϵ˲Ű׺ʧʣʱתȥλǡ֮
΢΢ͷʾ⣬ʱһЩǶлɣվ˳˵ղǶˣǰ׺ǺˣҪ䣬Ļɢʱɽˡ
ǳԵĵһССŮڡڡĽϧЩˣ治֪
ʱִһλ룬԰ꡭ
Զѭȥȴµλ
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ŴԣҲв˷׷׵ͷ뵹ôһ£ֻһ뵽ǰ˾֮뵽ЩţǸе𺳡
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޳
ֺһʹֲ֪޳һôϰˡ

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һԣ⼸ɫհʱǾ˿ûܿ׺ȻѾǿˡ
뵽˴ֲеֵľλأ΢
ȻŹλĺƳɿˣ֮ɱž˻Ȼ֪
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ҲüΪҲ켫鹲ͬԸȻԭֻһ
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켫ԮˣˣΪԼµӵ켫Ϊ⡰ݺȡ
ڣٵһ⣬ɱžôȴȻ
Ųˣ֪ĿΪǸףһ޵µĺ֮һ


1067 Ʋ
ܹɱžĿʱһ𣬱ȻֹܹžҰģƫƫڣ˵ȥҲûԸš
һżµ̧ͷǰСѵļƻգұ˷ųɵءϢʿǣʱ򡭡ͷСѣȥһˡ
˵ͷû⡣
üһµʵ˸ղ˵ġɵءָʲô
⡭
µ۰룬֪СļƲߣ˵
ԭʱļƲߣǰǣһȻ˼ɡ
Ȼ˼ɣʱȻὫǵڳȥǸʱҪ𴩴˵Ŀͼıˡ
ҪУҲʲô£棬ʹĹλһأʱˣѴȥ
ôڣֻҪٰ˴Ϣ˵вġɽ﷢һŵء
ֻҪϢò¶ۼټ⼸ȥʹôȻˡ
ԭˡ֮ڲϵͷã治ʧΪһơ
һ̣ĵ׸ˣᣬһΪ侲мıƾһȥԿȻʧأյòʧ˲ȡҲ
ҹ֮ʱͻδ뿪صһ·ϣɪɪʵѾǱ߳ʧȥϵ𣿡

δü΢˵ͷʱҹӰ˴ߴȥѶһֱ϶ʱжϡ
գظѾʧȥϵҲԪǱʲô£޷ݹˣҲ޷ݻȥϢ
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ǣһ뵽ǧѵݣһǧѾʲôˣŵĿʲôһôɣײ
ǧѣŮʵ̫ˣʶԽãԽԽ޷͸ˣÿÿһ뵽ǸаŮ
סҽѣǡ紵Ʈu٣衯ѡ
ŮʵЦÿÿ㵥ȻΪˡ
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ֻȻЦֻǲ֪ЦΪοȥ·Щ˶ˡ
ܶܶҲȻʦãҲΪʦ磬Ҳʱѷɽ磬Ѿһ
зЦȴֲ֪ΪΣ߸еһԵˣܶܶǶãǧ󣬲׺ɣ𡭡
δ롭
һ̣ƴĻ˱˼һ죬ȴֻˣһƷ㡭
أ㡣
δ롣
첽׷ȥס֣һ̣ȴֻеģЩ
ɫܣӳ˵ӰδȻЦ˪İ׷ܶܶ㻹ǵãǸϲѩ׷ɣϲ˼Ĺ𡭡
ΪͻȻ˵Щ֮
ḧӣʱɫҲҪһ
δҡҡͷҲԸȥ˵Щˣ׺ģѾˡ
һ仰̽ǰʵʵǿɱž᧿Σδ֪ԼȴڴˡһֻڶŮ鳤䰲Σ
˴˵֮أȻȥ
Ƭ̺˻صͥԺһſڵɽںڤɽħͬСɣɽڤŮΣա𰣬˴ζҪСġ
δһЦЩƤصǣ֮ɲ֪˭ƭء
˵£ҡͷһЦȥδһģʲôַſˡ
ҿǲ˭ݳƭҵġ

°ҹʱĶֵʱͻδѾݳɰ׺ģ˽Ҫȥɱžɽڡ͡ڤɽħ
ȻҲһƣֻǴ˼Ʋ֪©
ʣµļգռƻ켫λ˰в¶ۼطųϢɽйɵЩȥȻ漸գǵߣѾԽԽˡ
˺Щ죬ʮʱ򣬻δڻˣǱߵѾס
һգѾ˲ߣѾ뼸λٰ˼ųϢˣɽйɵһ£һʮʮ٣ɱž֪ˣ˶ڸ;С
Ǳʮ֮вɽޱ޾ȥ֮󣬾Ͳˡ
ɽң֮Уټɽ֮в֣ЩϹδ֪
Щɵˣƽ˸вɽȥ
Щȥɽ߶ǣҲƱ֣кüղ磬ʱһֺѹǳݵѹ֮С
켫λ˴ʱϣһٴ֮ɫҲŽ䱸ΪʱѾܹܵһϢϢڴӱ߿ǳ켫
ô
켫ϣĿɫȴʮƽҲ׼׼⼸ڶ֣Ȼֺ
½еһս֪һսΣ켫ĵӣǰЩĸˣʱŵؽ䱸
ԼʱڱʣȻһӿвƣ𽥱ƽʹԭգһ¸Ӱա


1068 սǰ
Ʊƽ켫ٴУԽŵؽ䱸ŵϢֻ˸еޱѹ֣ѹҲˡ
ʱ켫ĵӣϢķһ˻ãһЩĵΪеͣʱɿϢѹ֮£ǸеЩͷĿѣѪӿֹվҲ޷վˣ̸ԵУ
ڣǲǼҪ켫ס֮ʱһɲǣ֮ѹϢϢȴֺȻɢˡ
һ̣켫쳣ֻ绺޸ղѹϢ֮С
Χ֣ȴҲ·ֻǽ֮ѣû˿ղѹֳ֮ˡ
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ǹϢϢʧ켫ڵҲʼ궯ʱһӰϷ׷ƮƮ
ޡ޳ʦ֡
Ϸ̰˶һѾ֪ԪǱߵ֮켫ЩµӣǳƺΪ޳ʦ֡
޳
ҲȺＷ˹ɫЩŻŵģСʵոˡ𣿡
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˵ͷһֻ̣˶ʮǰɽںڤɽΧɽʱôΣɽΣѣҲû£޳ڣҲһµġ

һ켫յɢȥˣ磬ӳɽ覡
ڱߵʣȴһϢһɲԼԼޡ
ϢģȥϮ죬ϵóϢһϢ·Ѳ⣬ǳԨ
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ҲϤһ֡ͬˣαʶĸо
һջԻѲش󣬾һȥ
һǱͽĺǣ鴦ˣ֮䣬ղ֪
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ӶͬյʥεʵݺεϿһˣΨһܹϿɵˡ
ɫ˪δϵİ׷˵Ҫ̫ŽɻֻؽǰֻҪһղ˵һ޻ɢ֮ǣֶֻΣǰЩ࡭ġ

΢΢˵ͷ뵽̫˾Ϯһ죬ƴŻɢΣգҲסԼ죬ҲҪȥȻ
ڣӵĵģȥ˾Ȼֳ̫ĻǾ˰˻֮һڤǾ鷳ˡ
ĿǰΪûпܴһʥǿǡ
һкʬħȫЩŵħӰȫڼ֮ϣĻԼȫħҲԶˡ
հ졭ǲʲôˣ˼δٴСʵ

˵ͷٴ򱱱ȥ˵ҲһϢ˵֮Щ֡
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µĵطҲӰЩӰ֮£ղĵطѾȫˡ
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ڶգ켫ĵӺ͸Ȼ䱸ţһల£ʱ򣬱ͬʱ֮УһɼΪϢϢһΣոҪľս
ˡ
˶һЩΪе͵µӣ޳˹ػԳסɿֲϢһϢϢΪж£


1069 Ϯ
Ϣ֮УһԼһյĹ򣬱ֿʧˣ糱ˮ糱ˮȥҲʼɢ·ʲôҲûзһһٴιƽ
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һգֵ֮ʱԭգȻƴڵ̽䱸ȻǰЩǹϢֶˣֻһΣ֪ˣǷϮˡ
ԽԽҲԽԽţʱ켫ȻһˣͲҪˡ
ڵӽһǡ޳ʦ֣
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ʱ̫ǰһԶеʹΪԶʱһȴҲ˵ò
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ʱҲĿ䵭죬ҪɱʱûһΪС
һԶ˽һݣ룬ԭˣй϶һһϦˡ
ʮǰΪ˵õ顮ű䡯ɱʦ๬ţգô
ʱһȺ˺ʱ׹ѣͷȥֻһŮӣǱˣȴ溡
ʱܲ۳˳ɱ˿̵׹ԨʵƽǸҽĵһ
ֻϣȻһɫĺϢΪڵˣҲеһϣʲô˵
ղ˵๬ű𡭡
һ̣в˶ȥϻٶ¶Щɫʮǰ๬һҹţɱžһȻ󲨣񶼲֪Ϊˡ
˭ϵһȻǸ׵ˣôܻг˿µ
ʱ켫棬һЩɽŲߣȻǱ߶ģ켫ǱߵκҲв˶¶˾֮ɫ
ոʶǱߵ˵ʮǰ๬һҹţֲ֪˭Ȼôܡ
޻̸֮
һҰʱȥ·Ȼλ׵
ҲãҲգûϵˡ
ɫȻһˣ߶ű䣬һɲǣһɺ˳ȥʱһǡ
˫ĿһаϹű䣬ȻŶ̶̶ʮ꣬Ů˵á
溵ľű䣬ʮЩӵָһǧȥӱץǰһоҪд˳һû˿ƴġ
ʱҲȫû뵽Ȼ
һ꣬ʱ⣬Ϊ˱Ϊ˾ȻؿӣŬǱ˵ʮܵĿ࣬Ǳ˵İٱ
һУ֪գſ
ԭΪˡ
ԶҲеһϣЩһֱΪԷֻҽû뵽ԷΪǼκһ֮£


1070 ս
һɲǣ켫һɺ͸ȥʱľս
ֻ溻£һֻһۣеһɺϮ
ʱ˫ͫЩϣ棬ǳ˳֮ɫľѣҲ޷ǸҽĵҽһԶضˣһĻЩľ
溡
ҲеЩԾ溵Ϊ˵ӦǿϹű䣬Ȼ󣬵ȴҲǹֹ֮
Ȼ䣬ֻں˵Ƕʱ䣬һȥɽȣʱ͸оԷħһĹа֮а
Щ꣬пָһӲڣֳ˳ޣĳ๬ĳеĳ޽֯һʹű䡭
̫žű䣬һôߣ
Ȼһƾ䣬һɷ֮ʱ׺ŭΣֱѹϢͬʱָеһ𡭡ǿĹ
ĹΪǼĹδ侫裬ʶΪһֱλ˹ޣħȴԶʤʮ
۵
ɱһϮĿ꾹溣Ŀģʣġű䡱
һкƿӿֻһѸеʮϢ溾ʱΪһߵľ磬Ķ֣
ġ
ۼɱ˲ϢһԾͬʱʮ޾Ҳһ˲һƻȥ䡱һײʱܳӿ
ǿ
Զ˽Աһˣ֪֮ɴҲֻ˵δ֣ղһ£ܹ׽סһƣɼΪ֮ߣ֮֮Ԩɲ⡣
ӣмֵС
ڰ֮Уȴ

һУ𣬷ƼתֻʹԪ˫֮䣬л֣۳һӰ˾֮࣬ٸǿۣ׷ײסˡ
һ㣡
̬֮Ԫˣ˫Ӱɲ֮䣬ѳХ
ض¡¡ؼ䳾̴վѣɽ飬ʹ켫棬ԶЩս֮ˣһ˲䣬Ҳʱеľѣ׷Զ֮ȥս
ƾ㣿
ɱУһ̤գֻԭһӰӭϣ˲䣬ƱãؼԪһɲǣ˹
ǿҫۣ޷һ˲䣬ֻ¡һ죬ڶը˽һѪӿֹסˡ
̧ͷȥ֮ʱֻеĶţʮƲɢɽҡֹ֮ʮأ
ǿ
һ̣иһʵ˵ΪεȾ磬켫ֻɽ壬ɽ壬Ѿ˻ȥһ롣
ʱȻһɱҰ˺һϣδӦֻһɫӰѳȥȴ溡
ȥ̫žű䣬ؽʱһɫӰ˲˹顱һ˰С
ϸ֮£üһӡȫƷһ𣬲Ǳˣȴǵڲɽ֮ĳʹ
ȥ޵֮ˣ߻ħһ㣬Ϊȴѷǵɱȡ
طģԸ
ʹֵͳ뵱ȫһˣ䣬˫֮䣬ȻһһɳϢʱǹɺˡ
һߣ䣬һƬӰʱ켫Χ££һ˵ɱɭ֮С
ۼ˷˳֣δ봫ȥһδ룬棬κ˹켫
֪ġ
δü˵֮ʱһ֮ʱǶȸ֮ʱɱ⣡
һ£˷ʮʮˣʱһ켫еľǿҪϢһ㡣
Ҫţ
һվ˳ǰвĵо˵غڣ٣ɱ٣
ߡ棡
һߣһһէֻ֣˲Ӱ
ϸ֮£ЩӰȴһܣϻŷ׭޾ˮר켫á


1071 
⡭
ܣΧӰ켫ڣλһ𣬱ڵˣû뵽һΣ˾Ҫ켫
֮ʱǶɥ̣֮ƣ
һ£ϣʱˮޣ˷켫ȥ
סǣ
һ˲仯һâ߷ȥĽϧ߷ȥڴϱ߷ȥλˣڱֿⷽǲϮ
ʱ켫棬ǰսľ˶ˣΪҪ켫˺¡
˶֪ΪҪֻмһˣ˵пƸһ£ʱа룬ĪĴžģ
գӿһΪ֮ߣֻһ˲ֵܹסˡ
ʱ䣬켫ձɣֺαضҪΪУҪ˻ǣҿԻ㡭գҶٹıƣ£֮
һͷ׷䵭صͬίߣú룬Ҫȫˡ
ߣڤ粻飡
һߣЯɱһһܣͬһƻӳײΧɽһ
˿̣ûжʮɹ˴˶֪Էĵƣŷٺ͵۹½֣
ֻһǶƴ֮սˣ˭ԣһա֡
һֱ磬켫ߵľҴ򶷣Ѿ˲ˣЩˣ붼ʱ䱻ǵߡ
һĻ϶¶˾ɫɱžĺ˻Ļ෸ΪνգôΧ켫ѵЩţǿѨ磬ġ
ԽԽ켫߸ˣЩ˶ɱžʮ־켫ʱ켫ʵ󣬾˺£ʱһǰ׷֮˭
ԽԽߣʹüȥһȥԽԽ࣬ǡҵȲ
񣺡ҹΪֹ
ʱ켫Ѿ˲ߣ˵ȫΪƽƽ֮Ҳá
ٴʱδѾܵˣмɳԨϢԶɽ壬һֱߵս
ʱѾ죬δҲԥһԾ𣬷ɵУԶ˼˲һòѰŮӣ
δһЦΪ˵Ŀ⣬ԽҲ˳󣬽ӳ˼һ㣬¼κаҲֽߡ
ֻ˵ʮǰΪһ飬๬ţְпƸŸɣΪһ˽ȥ켫
ﲻɢ⸽߶Ҳ¶˾֮ɫ
ʮǰ๬һҹţеȫѣ֪˭๬𣬴Ӵ˱һհ
ŮӸղ˵๬ŲҰһΪ⡭ţ
һɺԣ
һĿһƷأһһУޱȣԶľ
δЦһٴ˵˻ĵڤڤ£ڤһƻѪ꣬аѪᦣԴ˾ԪԪɢ
һ˶Ŀ¶ɫߣǰи߸һŮӡղԣǵ棿
֪ν
һƳδȥʱ棬ȴǰһ
ָһһָɳ顱һȥϮδһ
ʱԶ˶Ҳüڳ˼ϸϸĺǲ£ЩȷʵЩ׽͸
ʦ֣ǺΪʲô
ʦáҪ˵꣡
ԶһЩ¶֪µŮԾΪǸ׵ˣһЩԴʦ֣ʱȴѾʼˡ
ЩһЩ֮أвĪʧ٣Ÿɶȥ飬ȴûܹҵκƺ
۲֮ʱ򣬺ȻһƬѸϸ֮£֮ϣȴһһѸٳ߶
ʲôˡ
߲˽һȻܵϢǿ󣬶ҡ֮ħˣ
ǺǺǡ
ת˲䣬һһѾƽʱǺ棬ȻһЦ
һЦ֮Ѫһ壬ʱֻеͷĿѣֹ궼ǿҪƮ⣬Կħ
ġڤļ
Цһ̷Ӧ˹һ԰ףæתסڵӵΪԵ͵ĵӣŮħȥԪ

ʱǺҲһЦһϢɽ
һɲǣɫ䣬Ϊħͷڴʱ֣ѵաҲ켫ģ


1072 ʧ
⡭
һ̣켫λɫһ䣬ƽǲɽںڤɽħͷɴʱΧħͷҲڴʱϮǸӲ
ԶҲѾɫԺһ»𣬶ʮǰʱɽѺۣħͷûϮ
ȻѾȥ˶ʮ꣬ļ䣬Ȼ޳δ㣬ʵΣʱʮ꣬ħͷΪҲѷǵɱȡ
ħ֮ͬˣʥħ֮ˣ򲻿ʥҪҲħ޳һħʥЩħ֮ˣһԸ
Ȼ֮УûСħʥһ˵ģħħֺʥֻЩħ֮ˣŽԼһʥ֣Ҳˡħʥһ˵
ɽڤļȻħ֮ˣĹа֮аɳơħ
ԪǱߣĴħ棬ɶȴһȻΪħڣŮʴ˳ǡŮľʮ㣬ͬʥħ
ǽŮʴǡʴǹҲħһһʴǹǲ棬ǿҲѻͷɶʦ˶ʦŵġ
˿̣ɽڤļħĵֳգһ±øΪˡ
ɱžԪħÿÿħȻһսԹħ;ģˣħκν
ʱɽڤļ⸽ʵˣֻǲԶ۲һʱŹѡ
ߺɽǱһۣЦҶԼȴһˣҶҲٰ̫ɣ
һԾȻħ˰ɱžûʲôħƲĹأ֮ħ֮δҲ̫
һ̣˽ľȻǸղЩ֮ǰĴţѵȻ
˿̣һԶɽڤļ俴һۣҺʱйֺʱ
⡭
ڤļЦӯӯĪˣ֮ǰð׺ڤɽ
ԣ߸𾪣ĺȻħ
һɺԣ
ɫ࣬һ˪һ˵ʲôʱδȴȵЩ㰵кʱգĪǻϣҲգҽվ͵˵棬Ŀʮǰǡ
˵ЩָеһҲв˶С
ܸղŮԵм棬Ǽ٣ЩȾָɱžȴУִ켫ĸȻҡ
һ켫ô±𲽲ʳɱžˡ
뵽˴ڳһﶼüݺԹ˭׵ĵֻҪδӶ뼺ǡ
µȴһˣ켫ˮ֮УǱ뾡
ڣһֻ߱˴˶һۣȺ˳ǰɽڤļˣ˵ɽڤŮȻ֮λ޹أλҲְɣ

ɽתͷʱ˵֮ȥĿ⣺ʲôˡ
Ŀ⣬ʱǸ߶еһˣǰɽһħƣѰ֮ˣʸ˵ģ
һ̣˶еЩħͷڣȥ켫ֻ»鷳˫ֵĻȻ࣬⸽ûħ˿ţ
һĪչ֮ʣȻ䣬켫Ǳߴһ䵭Ǳɽ˵֪ʸء
˽һ˵֮ˣȻˣ
ֻһͷ׷Ŀ䵭ǧ겻ı˪ʹ֮ˣһ̿ҲоħͷҪöࡣ
ɽڤļȻϳˣֻǶҲû뵽ɽڶԸǵǸСӣȻ֮ˣΪ֮ϡ
޳ɣڤļɽһۣ˺Щ֮˲ͬʱ룬񵽴дţ֮һǽħܹ֮Ϊ֮һδزܳΪ˵ħ֮
гһգħ֮Լ˽ֻǽӲùˡ
ԹʶʱΪܣɽڤļԷѰ֮ˣȻܹǶħˣΣ
ԹħҲ͵ˣǵ˽ħ֮Ǿûкӹˡ
뵽˴Ѿ˼ƽϣ֮£ΣԼġ׺Ҳ⣬²һԣ䡣
ڤļӯӯһЦƮƮǷ֣ĶˣֻԶЦˣǽ֮£ˣͲˡ


1073 
ڤļ˵գɽһۣԶȥһɽ档
ʱһɽϣҲżӰһˣĵᰡ
ӸղŵڣҲһֱϢ۲ߵһУû뵽Ȼֵô󣬴ʱ˰亹Һ֮ǰûг֡
˿̣ɽڤļȥ켫߾£˹λ˼˵У̫̳ճλʿ켫ض
ŴһΧ߸ʿǣĺ˻ĵɱžǻ෸ع龴أȴΥȣôΣҲҪ켫С
Ȼ֮ô룬ҪǡݺԭҰ̫ǲܹ޶ã֮˯켫ƣҲֵˡ
ʱԶи켫ˣ˵ӣ켫Թǹž˲֮أҲûɽ֮ȥǾʹ˰֣ҵȿɵ·ִУˡҵȣղӲˡ
ҵȽգӲ
һʱ䣬вȻųвˣǻδͰźûȺġ
֮ǰݳɰ׺ȥڲƭɽڤļȻҲ⡣
϶֮󣬱ȻɵݣԲŸҷĴȥ
Ϊħ죬ǡӦ֮ʹɣ˲ܴﵽõЧ
˿̣һ㺮˪Ҫѿжѿ˵λҪĺΪˡ
δһ˵Թõ߶ʧ߹ǳԵĵҲʧɱߣҿ㲻аħҲ
ߣһȺں֮ڣݺ
һɲǣֻɫ䣬ɱĺҲө֮⣬ԣ£
䣬ֻϺȻ⣬һֲϢԶ֮ŭŭΣֱѹȥ
ӡģ
˿Ϣѹδɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽˿ʵϸ˼һ¼ɡȥ
ֵܵסϢѹ±ЩˣȴЩԲһЩ΢ĩ֮ˣϢѹ£֮ʩӶģ۶ڱǣѪ
Ⱦʹ˳룬ִ̣ңһ
ֻأУԨȻһ˵ȴ֮ƣһЩΪԵ͵ˣһʱͷĿѣѪӿֹ
ʧԡ
񣬽ü˪ԣʮ޾˲תһһɲǣ֮㼤һ±㽫ǰԵϢ赲סˡ
±ڵԴϢҲǰһ˻һ
ǲԶɽڤļһҲܵǰ󺣵
뱾ΪУעѰ·
Ŀ£һֻ̣˫ͫзļҲû֡סһħζ
ԶľʱЩħиǸе𺳲ѣղŮԣˣѰڤħɵħ

һߣʹ߾еЩһ̣ǶԣȻɱУͬʱѪɴܶϸ֮£߰˵Ѫ⣬һѰѪķɽϮɱȥ
ݣ
ѷɽΧѪɽҲ˵ѪǼɣ޴ȴʮа졣
չɲӰȴǱܿЩɽϮɱ
˶սٿŨ̹һʱ䶷÷Ƽתضֹ֪˶ãֶٻغϣȴѷʤ
һ㣡
Ȼ䣬һ߳ȣ˫Ѫһ̧ӡٿȻк֮ƣ÷Բʮ̹޾Ӱ˸Ժ
롣
Ŀأһ˲䣬ʮ޾¯࣬ƥʱӰ
ģ
ۼҪһϣԶ߽һæֻܿ¡һѣһУԱݻ٣һ·ϵĿܣҲ˲ҷ
̳ɢȥֻɰУ裬Զս˴Ŀġ
֪˫Ǵ˴磬ʱб֮£ֻ˫ָĿȻƾ棬׷ʼӶ֣Ȼ
±˺켫ԼˣǴƣˣ˫ˣٴȥֻ˸ء
һ磬սνţʼأΪһֱɵţܵǵԨϢڸղһ˲䣬ԼԼ֮䣬ָܵˡ
ǺǺǡ
ڳ֮ʱ֪ƲȻһɳƶϵЦһЦʱڳһ֪롣
ô
бĺ֮£֮䣬ƿһڵ㣬һڵ㣬Ӱ
Ȼĵ飬ͻ̷ô
ǺǺǣԸСޣջϷְ
֮䣬ǵӰѽǰһɲǣ켫˶ס˺
ֻ˲̤ն˫ָÿһӰȴǰ˲˰ɾ룬·֮䣬ߣκν谭˵ΪĪǾѣ
ڳˣʱ׹Ԩʯһ㣬ԭأһ


1074 ɽ
ڳ֣켫ˡڡĽϧҳϷڵȵȡһ̣ȫԶⲽߡ
ֻһ£˫ָ󣬷糾ţ˪οݣȥòˣңϢĪѲʥ
ԡ˵Ϣ
ǺǺǡ
ڣ켫һɳƲϵĽݷˡʱٶ꣬ĪǣѾǵϷ𣿡
ֳһ±ʮ˽ס˺һΪϢ壬Ҫ߾Ǻηʥ
㡭
һɲǣڵɫһ䣬ƺϳ˭ˣֻǰе߲ϴһɳƲϵЦϷ򡭡
ɽ㣬㡭Ȼ
ڳһã֪룬ֻΪϵϢ壬ԸһЩߣ˿ȴѱɫ
ǵɽʱһ˲䣬˾׹ԹԨһ㺮£ԺﲻֳָٶǰǸ䰲֮ˣʱ꣬Ȼˣ
ǺǺǺǡλǲǺ⡭
ɳƵٴδʱٶ꣬ɳƵȻ˸е
һ̣ڵ˶еЩǰɽһΪ͹Ī⣬ϵϢ
ǰֻ̤ʥˣֻ²öԸ
˿̣в˵ĿⶼȥΪʼգӸղŹɽΨһһƽˮû˿仯ˡ
ô
ʱЩ˵ͳƺڹɽڲų֣еǲ
Ǻǡ
ɽЦɳ֮͸ֹ죬ĿҲϣȥ°գͽܡϷˡ
Ϊͽܡ֮⣬ƺϵҶԪǱߺϤ
ߡ
һߣһ³켫Ǳ߷ȥ˼ɹ½һûֵܹס
ͽ翹۵վһ
ֻһ̧ʱӿۼһؽɶ󷨣λ˽һԥһ˲ǰȥ
Ȼֵ֣סһаʽ֧ŵ˶ã
λˣǡ
ʱֻһӰλǱ߷ȥǱˣȴǻδ룬ûֵ֪ƾλˣԳŲ˶ã켫ƣʹ˶ĻԸǸɽԤϡ
ɹȥһ˲䣬Χ󷨣Ȼ죬һȵʱ켫ʹǸķ󷨣һ±βơ
δ㡭
ԶϲɵһʮǰʱܹδϵΪҲǿûκܼԵʱܹ޸ɽѺۡ
Ҫ֪ɽѺۣгټһҲ޷޸Ѻۣǻδȴƾһˣ㽫Ѻ޸ˣɼڣǿһʵ޷
ʱʮ꣬ȻǷڳˣסˣǿ
δ
Ȼ켫λҲûϵϾǿһʱֵסˡ
Ҫһԡ
ֻδڰУУɡҲߣȥɽΡȻ
һո˵עȫϣһŮӣֱղŸܵϴǹɣǺһʱ˲ŷӦԭҲǿʵ
һ̣øӺˣϴȥģȻֻһ̣ǴβǶԷ췣һΣķˡ
ŮӾʲôˣǿڻӡֲ췣Ҳ¡
ôһ㡣
һ䣬ɱ˲Ȼδλ˹ȥһʱ䣬Ƽתɳ죡
ٹһߣ߹ɽ˴˶ϢԳԨ֮䣬ȴɽһΡ룬ƴ󺣣ɲ⡣
ڳ֮ˣĿȴϣһǵݺžǿߣһзһսƱؾ춯ء
һ̣ԶɽڤļԼᰵˣס˺ĬĬߡ
ǺǺǡ
ֻɽɸֶһδɳƵͽܡϣҺŵϤζǡʬħζǺǺǺǡ
ɳƵǱߵսɳڸǣԶδ壬ȴȻ֪Լϵܡ
㣬Ǻˡ
ޱϲŭûκθ顣
ɽĿ⣬ȻϣɳƵЦţϷ򿴿ʦɱ¡
䣬һݵӰ˲ԭʧٳʱȴһֻɷɷĹֳ֣һ³ץ˹
ֻգ۵˲䣬ѽǰѰ֮ˣܹܿ
ȻҲһ˲䣬Ӱʧˣٳʱʮɿ⣬ɽһֻչ֣վֻץסĲӰδܴ䱾
Ǻǣɲ
ɽһЦӰ黯ʵղһʵ̫죬΢΢һüͷԼɲ̵ʱ֮ڣµԱܿ
ֻǣܹ󱳣ء
ɽǹɳƵȻֲ֪һɲǣԤеʲôȷӦʱֻüԪɽǹӰ˲󣬡顱һһƽ˳ȥ
һĻԶ˽һͻδͬɫһ䡣
ҺԪ壬û̫ܵˣһƣȴڵҲѪҲӿֹ
ոû˿ɽγ󣬵Ī⡣
ǹٲ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻУɽӰʵԷֱ棬һ棬һǼ١
Ǻǡ
ɳƵٴһΣֲ֪ǴӺδʶҲԲ׽һ˿ԨϢûܵϢ
󡭡ԣߣұߣ
飡
һ죬һΣͬδܱܿٴαɽһ˳ȥһƱȸղһͣȻɫЩףǣҲԼһѪ
޳
Զ˶סˣôܣ޳ôһм֮ҲûУ˵ʲô
ǺǺǡ
ɳƵٴֻ֮УɽӰȻȴһҲֱ治һĹɽ·ÿһӰɽͬʵ
һ
δɫ΢΢һ䣬ȥҲ˱һƽһƣձؽش


1075 սɽ
һ̣Զ˶ϢߣǲɽΪ˺εȾ磬ǴΪߵͣҲڣȥذɡ
Ǻǡ
ɳƵЦٴ̾Ȼʶ죬ʼԷֱɽ𾿾ġ
飡
һ죬ֱһƴУ˵ʱȥѪǷӿֹ
ǰȥǴΣԵ컯Ѱһƺһƺصƣֻѡ
ʱԶҲˣһ棬ͨͨͣһǾڹɽʵѱ档
Ǿ˴ƣȻ£ǻ֮ˣǶʥڵĸ֣ɽƣ㲻ǿҲˣпѱȥ
ǺǣϷƣϣŲܡ
һֻ̣ɽǼӰ˲϶Ϊһ֮ʣΧĿһ±ó
ǾٽϷһơ
һɲǣԶ˶ס˺һΣɽδղͻȻʧȻͻȻֱ֣һȥ
۵⸽ĿҲóܹһƣ
޳ģ
켫ŵʧ˳ضͬĿ¶ɫһ̫ǿˣӵסô
ǡɽľɽ
Զ˶ʧɫһ˵ȵϢҪﻯΪҽδʱѾܵһƵĿֲв֮ҲӲһƣ
⣡
ʮ޾һ˲ޣֻȥһ·ĵҲ̤÷飬һƴʱڿһ˳ȥ
䡱һһǴǰһڵĵطΧʱ̳ɢȥ֮ʱֻǵϾӡһӡ
ŵȥѽ⸽ʮڵĲľʯһ˲仯촷ۡ
ÿֲ⣬ǽӽʥ֮ǿô
Զ˶ɫѶȻղһƣûʲôɽѵġ׳֮ۡҲûһƾͻٵһɽ塣
ɾڹɽһƴȥʱǼÿ˶ܵŵײһ£֪ɽһƾжǶڵصǧ£ᱻùͷѰɣ
δҲһ亹ʶˣȻ˶ܹܵղһƵĿֱֲӴϵĻк壬Ҳ󡭡
һǺõģɽǿվδһ̤ʥҪǿƣܷĪġٲ
ǷٲԷӳǿɱ˵ʽ֮ǰȻϣҲǽѪӿѡ
ա
䶨վ֮Ҳ̾ղһ֮գԼڴʵΡ
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ɳƵЦٴһΣֻɽǿݵӰٴʧˣԶʱһǷ˹ٲ
˸һɤۣ֮ǰһΣƣ޷ܿԷһܹҵԷڣ
ٴܴĻôɽضٴηɽһΣ¾޷㿪ˡ
ˡ
ԶδҲʱһ˲Ȼ˹ɽͼ޷ʩչɽȴɱʽͬʱʩչٲʩչٲ𣬽޷㿪޷סġɽ
һɲǣ·ҲҲȻʶ񣬴ʱҲ޷֪Էı𾿾ģ·ǰǹɽӰӣÿһǱҲӰ
סȻٴΪ飬һΪʵ֮䣬Ӧ
һ̣Ժ·ʦٴΪ飬һΪʵ֮䣬Ӧ
۾Ҳջʶȥܣȥ紵ҶƮϪʵ٣ѩڵ
֮䣬Ӧ
ɽĲٿ죬ʵѱ棬Ҳ֮һԼͬҲ֮䡣
һ˲䣬ڲ׽һ˿΢Ӧһ磬
ԶʲôҲһ̽ס˺ȿ֮ʱɽһȥһƣȴסˡ

˽һΪԼˣֻ˫գԪʵʵڵס˹ɽһơ
ôܡ
ԶһɽĹٲжôףͱȥˡ
ͬȴ飬޴ʲô
һɲǣ˫ۣһһɳ顱һһ½ɽ˳ȥ
һĻ˸һû뵽ô̵ʱڣҳ˹ɽٲڣ
˿̣ɽ䶨վȣ΢΢¶һ㺮⣬СӾԼĹٲȻͽܡ
һߣδҲ˿һֳԼ˻Ǳ߿һۣôҲòС𣿡
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δǰڿ˵ͽܣ룬ǽڴˣҲ߲
Ǻǡ
˵ɽǲãһɭȻصСѾͷ˵ҲͷϷɾҲδ¹ξһ

δЦһ˵;ܴ󴵰ɣ춫ɾҲҪǵκһڳ˵ղŵĻ𣿡
øݵСѾͷϷʰ㣡
ɽккâһȥ˵Щ޷ԼľСлɳˣôῴһСѾͷ˼
ǰʲôʹȻǰΪӲǰĶ֣£վӵı£ǰ
񵭵ŲԶĹɽ˵
ٺ٣Ϳˡ
ɽһ£ʱһȻȥԶһʲô£
Ǻʱһ˲仯ԶޣſѪڳȥһ˲䣬˫ֽӡȻתķȫ֣ߵӡɳ顱һɢǰκаɷ֮
ǺǣСӲżֱ¡
ʱǺپۣת˲䣬ִ˹ɽɳƵ֪ΪҪΪͽôΪֻôôڵʬħٺٺٺ١
ͳɳƣԶ˶δҲ֪˵ʲô˿̱ض֮ġ
֪ĵǲ٣㾿ʲôˡֻĿһ̣δɽ


1076 ֮ħ
ǺǺǡ
֮УٴδɽЦʲô˲ҪѵͲ֪ʲôˡ
ʲô˼
һ˲䣬ǺȻɢһܣʹȫ֣ԶˣҲˡ
һƬǱɽһֻʣбģյĺ
ǺǺǣˣһҲ֪ʮǰǸССĹŴ壬һҹħ֮˶ˣȴΨ
ɽɭɭŨ𽥸еЩģ˷ȫǺͷΡ
㾿ʲôˡ
ĿһŬʹԼʶѣ֪ǹɽĻǰһУһУ
ǺǺǣ㿴
ȻɢһЩǰȴһƬҲ̶õľ󣬲켫ˣǵĹŴ壬һҹ䣬ѪɺӵĹŴ壬ħ֮
ôᣬôᡭ
Щˣ·ŸոյȥĿһ˫ĿԲвѪضģȥֲ
Щ޹ķˣɶΪ
ɽ𣬶ʶҲԽԽģŬؿƣ֪ǰһжƫƫĳ޷סԼʹԼʶѡ
Ǻǣٿ
һתֵ壬ͬʬصĲҾһʱ֮䣬ֻеͷʹѣ˰һۣȴһѪܵݡ
ƭ㡭һֱƭ㡭㱾ħȴҪʲô²ΪأɵͷЩˣһҪɱ㡭ǺǺǺǡ
סڡ
ֻеԽԽʹ࣬ȴŹɽɭɭЦȻ۶ѹסħԣкãȵħ죬ǻɱ㡭ΪôΪ㻹ΨһͽôǺǺǡ
סڡסڣסڣ
ʶԽԽңɽȴʼղʧǲʱԼ˫մѪʬҰЩȥǧصħҲΧ߲ɢ
סڡ
һƻӳ䡱һʯ׷ףΧĺɢһĻʱս֮ȴǸһ
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δ˲һ˲ȥס˻𰣬ֻɫ԰ףȥ
δ벻ԥڵϺһ˲ȥҵǣʱϵóδ롭
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ɽЦȻϣԶ˶ס˺һĵӲ֪һȴɫʱô꣬ɽġ֮ħ𡱣ȴǰҪˣûܶù

ۼԽԽʹ࣬˫Ѫ˿ԽԽ࣬δָһᣬһƳŴȥΨˣɢĿڵħֹħ
飡
һ죬ֱӱһ˳ȥԶ˽δϵ˸һôص֡
δ룬Ϊξ㡭ҲҪң
ӣô㡭
һƣǴϣδģȴҪʹʮһ˲ɹȥסˣʱģ۾ɵһºˣֻԸʱܵʹ࣬Լһܡ
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ȻδٴɽȥһɲǣԶˣʱĺĿ⣬Ҳһ
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ʱɽӡûϵһâ˵ȷӦʱȻֻܿ;ͼһâ
ȻƺСһâ飡һ죬ССһâȴһ˳ȥ䵽ʱɫɷ˪ŲģؿڣۡһѪ
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СѾͷһˣոգҵġ
ɽδ˵꣬һѪӿɫӲҰֽȻղŻδһ£ԪҲˡ
Զ˶ˣôܣɽӽʥΪôԪҲˣ⡭˶δ뿴ȥ޲¶֮ɫ

ߣֻδɫһףҲһѪȻղţһ˲ǿƿϵĲӡһҲʹܵˡ
졭ڣɱǶˡ
ɽѪղһʹһ˵Ҳڲʱڣٶû뵽ξһѾͷֱΪֹ
һ˵ֻ꣬Ѹ¼ҩ裬͵ϥ˶ˣԱ˼״̻ߣȻҲܾС


1077 ˻֮
һ̣Զ˶ɱȫԪһۣȻδϮɱ˹
ϡģ
ԶɫһƾΪֵܵס溴ʱҲʹסˣϾ˼ߡ

һɲǣûκθ飬һֵһʱδϮ˹
ʱȻڰã״̬Уۼһѳ˴Զһļţ˸ʧ˳
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һϮ֮ʱȻ䣬δȫʢһӿ˲γһ磬䡱һĻֵ档
ʯ׷ףһٿδ룬ֻȫתϢ·Ǿ֮ϣǱ覵ӡ
ͬʱһİ֮ӿһǿ£׹ħԨϢѡ
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㽫ҷ𡣡䣬ɫ֮䣬Σ
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Ѿͷ췣֮ԼҲҪܵǣϸղشһʱƬ̼䣬ҲԻָ
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ʱԶִ˹ɽɭɭЦֻϥڵϣ£вƣٻָղŵơ
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һɲǣϺȻѪȻһѪߣƸɢʱȴƴһɿֲϢֱѹ޷
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Ȼ䣬һȣ״˫һ±Ѫ죬ϸѪ֣һޱȿµӿ˳Ϊĵʮ֮ڣľʯ˲仯һƬ촷ۣ
ģ
ӿԶ˽һæֵȻһɺ纣ϢѣڼڣҲԱ⣡
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ˡ
Ľϧڼ˶ʱɫһҲ룬˲߷˹Ҫֹ
˻̫֮ʱͬСɣȻʱϽССһƣȫҲԻٵǣ
û뵽ϣȻа˻֮ϵɰ˻֮Ӻζ

һȣֻ˫Ѫ죬˻֮һĽϧ˻δѱɿֲѪ˳ȥ
ĸ
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ʱ溲һĳʹҲһ±Щ˸Ǹһû뵽һɰ˻֮
ʱɽϣȴһ˵ֵİ˻֮
ǵ۹֮
ֻе۹½⣬һɵ֮˲˷øеɽݡ
ҲüʱɫɷףµɽղԣѼܣڲϳŵ۹½Ľɷ֮ɣȥ³Ų˶á

ʱδȻȥһһ˻ȥδ롭Ҫ
ʱ׷裬ȻǼȫ֮ڵֿɰ˻֮
˻֮ǵУոħģʬħ֮󣬴ʱһҪѹʬħһҪ۹½ķɣλܵסİ˻֮


1078 Ѫ
ձȫɥȪ
Ȼһȣ˫һۣؼʱƼɰ˷ԪΪã
⣡
ڼʱ켫λҲڴʱȫɫҲԥһ˲ȫǱ߷ȥֹһ
۵
һɲǣʵȻӽʥΧ˷ˣ˺ϣδȻеһϮȫ·Ҫһ˲䱻Ϊҽ
ϣ
ԶһȻʱλ˺Ľϧλֺǰ󲿷ϣֻǡ
ө֮⣬Ҳԣȡ𣡡
ħƿ񣬾ɰ˷Ԫصһڴ˻֮ʱ˷ӿһֵܹ
䣡
ףֻʯУλ˽̶ܵͬȵˣѪɶںĽϧЩˣҲһ˲䱻ɰ˻֮Ѫ˳ȥ

Զŵûʧɫʧ˳ضҲŵòȻɫ

ֻʣһˣڵֵ糱ˮӿȻ䣬ֻһָʱѪ飬һ͸˽ϵѪ档
Ѫ룬ѽһѪǳ˯صĽھѣؼ䣬ȻһɱĽɷ֮ǲյԨ˲
֪ǷǴһɲǣ·ָоѽһֱĸӦҹ֮Уı֮⡣
һ˲䣬һɿֲɷ֮Ѵӽгǰ˻֮ײһ𣬡¡һΧһж촷ۣԶˣҲɿµѪӿֹ

ɫһףڻǽŲĵȥѪȻǿԵ۹֮ȥԿİ˻֮Ʋһš
һ
ܴδɫ΢΢һ䣬һΣ˲Ϣԣס
δ룬ް
ؿڣһֻ̣еѪӿֹתķҵϢʱҲʼƽ
ڶ棬ոһ֮£Ҳ⡱زȥָʱ׹һһ̧ٴξɰ˷ԪҪһƴ
⡭
Զɫһ䣬ʱȴʹסţԳȥ˴롣
һ˲䣬Ѿٴξ˻֮Ȼǽð˻֮ԵʣʹȻһΣɫһ±øӲ԰ס
ץסһŵ˲ᣬδȻһϽ«ǵĺ«
һ̣ٲԥ̴߶ȫ⿪зӡһɲǼ䣬ӿԼԼ·һֲ𣺡ǧħХ磬ʮԿ𡭡
ĳϹŴħֻеһͷĿѣһ˲䣬ȷӦֻδǰһУľɽʯԷ˳ȥڰлһƬ촷ۡ
ǡ
ɫһ䣬Ȼע⵽еϽ«Ϊʲôһǲʲô
ֱֲӿ˳ȥ˫ĿŭһɲǣҲܵǺ«ĿǱЩ񣬾Լ͵һ̧֣һƶŻδȥ
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һɿɽͷһ÷飬ԽһЩߣҲ󵹷˳ȥһЩΪԵ֮ˣ۶ڱ֮УѪ˳
̳ɢȥ֮ʱֻ洫һʹ˻һĻʱ˸һ
ֻɫҰֽ򣬶ۣѱղŵ÷飬ϱ֮ѪģѪעӶȾ˺ɫ
⡭
Զ߶ˣЩ˸ŵľѣһֱۡ

Ŵʱ״Ķϱ֮ʹͷһХɢ˫Ѫ죬ȾѪһ̿ȥǴ޵ﴳĶﻹǰɷǵӣ

һɲǣģÿ֮УѪȻˣʱҪɱ˻δ롣
δ롭ÿ
Ѿһѽδƿ˹ʱһȥ͡һһ͸˹ȥ

һŭް˻𣬰˻֮һ˲伤˳ȥֻеһ֮Լӿһ̣ʧȥƣ󵹷˳ȥ
԰飬֮꣡
Ȼ䣬ֻɳһѪӭ󾹻һѪɫᦡ
˷ʱ쪣ѪѪ棬ʹֻ֮棬ȻӡЩǾ֣ǷŭֻİХǿֲ
켫һЩСʦúȿ֮ʱŵòҶ
ǡѪᦣ
һ̣Զ˽һʧ˳û뵽Ȼ˵Ѫ꣬ȿа
ǡħ


1079 ɱ
ڳˣ޲ľֻѪ棬ŤĻǣʹ˻ţȻ֮£ЩŤĻǣһȫϾȥڱɣ
⡭⣡
˵ľѪǣԼƻָǿԼΪħҲһµ¡
һ̣˶ŵסˣɸǿһĻסţճ׵ôȿˡ
ˡ
δɫȻһ䣬Ҳû뵽֮£ȻܹɻѸٻָƣҲڲϵǿ
ɷɷɷ
ֻǰУѪѪϾȥǰգҲȾѪ졣
˶Ѿֹˣһָʱ򡭡ǣҲûֹܹˣ
ֹ
ĽϧڣԼ켫λˣǼǰشʱȴȳȥġ

Ԫһһɽʱ˷ӿ˾δʱˡ
ĸ
ԶŵɫɷףֻĽϧˣƴȫȻȴֹѪĻǡ
ֹ
Ҳ߷˹˻Ϊˣʱһˡ
ǵΪ֪пܻ£ģѾֹ켫ˡ
һֻ̣˷Ų߷˹ʮʮЩ˴ʱסˣѾħҲˡ
һȺϣ
£ȫһһѪӿʱٳѪ˳ȥ
Ѫ껹ڲϾȥûֹˣһѪȫɣƱرøӿ¡
˶ǰΣʱȴֹܹˣ˾֮ʣȻ䣬ֻԶ⣬һһϣ

ɫһ˲䣬Ȼɱ̫죬ʱѪĻǣӦʱѽ󣬡͡Ӻ潫ض˲Ѫ
һĻɷڳˣֻƲ㷭ӿ䣬Ӱ˲ϢˣȴǶµݡ
֪ܲʲôݣܹ˫˫һ͸ض׼ʥ

ᴩ֮£ʧһۣˣֻһʱѪѪ⣬ٿȻضɱȥ
Ȼ׼ʥΪʱҲСµæɽһһϣһֵסѪ⡣
ˣҲһˣƲҲӿֹɼѾµʲô̶ȡ
ʥǿߵҪ֮ɱܣĲҲδܹɱ˴ʱѾħѪ
ǶѪħ
һɲǣѪϴӿƬʣǱȾѪɫĺɫ֮£̿¡
һɿµħɷ֮Ҳһ˲ǣɿֲħɷ֮£˶
һߣֻδմѪȴʲôɫһ䣺ˡ
ôˣ
üһȥֻδɫӲҰףԶħֲãԭиѪħһֱϣѪħȫȫΪһ壬ǿ¡һʥˣҲвˡ
ʥ˹ʮžΪ̫ʥʮͻƳɹ̤롰֮ӴֻأԼ಻֮СչżأǰۣӦһ̤ˡ֮ˡ
һʥˣʥʮ棬͵ģǳ̤ʥҲ׼ʥɱȣһʥˣҲвˣζʲô
δ룬𰡭˺󡣡
һɲǣԶĿ⣬ޱˣеĵ۹½һ̣Ҳ˹һɢһɱ̹ǵĽ
Ҫʲô
δüһƼʱеֲʮ޽ҶѾήˣ١
𰡭켫
һ̣𽥱ҲǹѾձð֮գҲҪնǰһʥʵʱкܹƵסˣ
浽ǰز˵ӾȲˣ죬Ҳ֮ΣС
˺󡣡
һδȥ漴һ̤͵شȫԪһնȥ
һȴѰһֻȫԪȼһ˲۹½עԪǵؤġؽ
һؾ䣬վѣƲ㣬ӿֹһεȽʽ֮ǿ
ʱ˿̣š֮ƵڣҲĸ𺳣ɽӵһʲôʽضҲסˣǸףҲԷǿһ
ȴ֪˽ؽһԪοԵ۹½˽ǽҪܶصĽɷɣǵ򲻵֮ʱ׷˽
Ҫɱң
Դʱư磬صһնĿŭɿ㣬һ̧Ѫգ¡һһײʱɽѣؼ䣬ȻһƬĩջƻ֮ذѪ֣

Ѫ죬ԪٴߣѪȴѵǺصһߵһУѻ촷ۣˣҲܿڸղһ֮£
һߣɽոΪҲͣտֲȥһղߣҶԪָտһս
һ˵ֻ꣬վٿôһ󣬾һѺŹһһ±㽫ȫǵѺ֮С
̶һ˲䣬һѺ۱ʧˣޱĺɫУֻңңµر˳Ѫħѳڳ֮ˣûһӵˣѪ֮ҹ˳ǱؽѪɺӡ
Զȥޱĺɫǣ켫ɽ飬Ѫ֣Ǵһ㣬Ǻڰ𽥽ٵʡ
ˣղһ仰Ѫ֮ҹ˳ǱؽѪɺӣѪħѳһҲӲˡ
һ̣˶еһһִͷĸо
Ѫɢǰ֮УضҲҪ߹ʱǿһָˣվס
Ŵԣּһͣס˽Ų˴˶һۺ˵Ҷˣκζ⣬˽š


1080 ܲ
ֳգδһ仰Ȼڸ߶Ƚ֮У켫λˣĽϧڣڵȫˣôߣҲ˲̶ͬȵˡ
ǰضˣղſȥƺҲǶԸģʱδ˾˴⡣
ʲôˡһ̣Ȼ˪ĽҲȻ͸źâ
ʱδӺɫɷףȻղŵķ֮˼أʱֻ֧š
ˣֵλƺ˵úء
λߣδ뿴ˣ˵лǰģ֪λγƺ
֮⣬ȻҪ˽¶ۣʾݡǶ˱˴˶һۣŽñ¡
λǸ˪ߣұλͬһͷֻģȥȴǸӣ޳
˾׼ʥΪȻݲʱ켫λҲϳˣû뵽ĺ΢
ʱ˾һ㶣΢ǻߣˣ׷ӣ΢

ֻҡͷһ̾ȥ紫죬ףʳ˼̻𣬷ȥЩԲɣֻ⡮֣ʵڲҵ
һԵĲ΢վԣòȥԵʣԲôɣ֮䣬Ҳ޲͸һ֮С
жף֣֮ûаΣ
꣬˶Ʋ𽥻ԹΪѪħãнһĻ
йٳɽ֮ģʵǵˡ
׺ΪĻô׺ˣڻʣˣŹ˵ġ
΢²˵֮ʱλˣ뵱Ϊˡ
ȥղ˶ˣĽϧڵ˵أֻΪʱлƾһΪ֧Ųˣվˡ
졭ȥ켫
ʱԶĵӶ߳Լ˵ʦ켫Ǳ߷ȥ
ߣδҲڳŲסˣ﷢һƺߣɫһף˱ϵȥ
δ롭溣溣
ţĴѰ溣ʱȺң溴Զ˹ְסδ󣬰Ƭ̣ü˵ȥ

ҹ޹⣬հ̫ˣȫ켫ó֮ߣҲ˹
ʱһͥԺ棬ƻͨﰲδҲڴϣ˫գǰ˯ˡ
Ŀǰûˡ
滨δϱӣת˵Ҳᡣ
û¡
ŴϾŵĻδ룬˫ü΢ܴʱؿڻһһʹҲ
ţʱδǹɾǿóϽ«һУѰδ߹Լʲôˡ
ȥϢɣһҩ溿˵ʱȴȥһ¡

˵ͷٴδ뿴˿ȥʱȴÿ
ˡ޳
һ̧ͷ濴˿ĸΣ
棬ĸ
ͷȥС𣬻зλϣǶ˵úأڣˡ
Խ˵ԽСˣ̧ͷż濴˿ʵδأ˵Σҹ
û¡˵
ǣء
Ҳû¡
ŶŶ
ͷȥ˵Ϊδʵиӵĵģȴѡ
һ£ֻһ֪Ҳδ߹κˣհʱ·ָܵһˡ
𽡣
ôˣ
ȻԼ֣һ̧ͷһɲǣ֪Ǵʲô΢Ӷ֮䴵ͷȾ˪һ覣ǹһǧ꣬ǧ꣬겻ķ˪
ؿ죬㺦𣿡
ҡ
ԼͷȥСңЩ¡
˵˴̧ͷصЩʦʦʱҾͲˣΪҪǡ

˵ͷᰴļ򣺡Ѿˡ
ҡ
˵ͷһ̧ͷ޳أδ㣬޳Ҫ𡭡
Ҫô
һһֵĹ£Ժ֮УȻʱ
ǰʦһˣңԺҲҪʦһ˹¹µˡ
ҽˣѧ˱£Ҫʦ˭Ҳ۸ʦаʦá
סҵ֮²Ϊס
ҲŲܣɣΪ˽ܹʦ

޳޳ô˰
ûûʲôԻѹÿ˹
ϡ
лȴǰ˵ףæҡҡ֣ǡҲδϢ˵գҲƵԶȥ
ǰɫЩѣüʵΣ
ҡȿȣ
δ˵꣬ؿڿһɫҲűЩף״һ𡭡
ꡭ
ҡҡͷ￴һۣΪԼģСȳȥ
ȥ棬һž֮أſʵΣ˿Ǵ̽ˣ

˵ͷСǰصа׺Ĵ˾š
֮һüֻҹӰ̽ģȻֹЩˣҪǱȥˣܡ
˺һֿʵԪǱߡȻ޷Ѷȥô
ȻһΣʵԶԶԤϣһһɽ
˫ü΢˵ͷ
ҲաЩգƻָ˵ɡ
ɿüͷҲ취ҪԸ˳Ӿȳѡ

ʱȥգһջδˣ⼸գǵҲ̻̲գֻȥʱǾ仰Ѫ֮ҹ˳ǱؽѪɺӣûһӡ
˴ιϮ켫һ£ȻҲɱž÷з˶𾪲ѣθλ׵ЩȻ𽥶ħ
λǱߡΣ
棬δ˯գת˹ϡȻǵã첻˶ˣһЩѡ
λ˺ǶˣǶ޴󰭣Ȱҩˣµ£һȥ
ڴߣһҩȥһ˵
δȻ˫ü΢˵ҲˣܹѪָѪħȫںϣֻ½
˴̧ͷһ˵ǡѪɺӣӣô졭
ʱϳܲӣҲüŸְ취
ҩ룬˵ʲôʱȴȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲˡ
վȥʱɫҴҵӣʵ𰣬ʲô𣿡


1081 ڰʮһ
ϣ
˽δ뿴˿ߵߣС˼䣬δصӣüͷ΢΢һ壺𰣬ʲô飬ǲ𣿡

̧ͷһʱ֪˵תȥ޷λǱе£ҹȥһˣδ룬úϢ
˵꣬ȥˣһ·ϣأҲ˵һصʱֻĸ켫ˡ
˼˵ӭӣ

΢΢ףص濴˿ʵλ𣿡
λڵеȺãһְ˸֣תɡ
á
˵ͷٶԣصȥˣ˴صŲƣʶĽ磬ˣ׼ʥΪҲ޷档
һƻ谵ϡ䣬ֻλȫ棬ˣʯվСѣˡ
λˡ
΢΢˹֣ȥ漴ʯŹϣȥˡ
棬ֻϾɫգϵҲδָ
̫˵СѣѾ⼸գ˰ɡ˵ʱҲüȻ飬˶Ĳѡ
ˡ
ˣЩʱ䶼δߣҲ֪淢飬ѾˣŲɣˣ˵ĻǣߣԼѪᦡ
Ŷ̶նѣһƽ٣˶Ѿ߸ˣѰ켫Լ˪ıӡ
ǰĻΣǴ˴λ֮Դʵµıǵ򵥣
ĺ˻ġ
һĸֵ˳λ󣬾˳˼˺һµ˲̧ͷСѣҲˡ
ԹŶԺǱδйһֹͣԪŵء
˵ţһ𶫴½Ǳߵġ½֮ҡԼٶǰԪħ֮ңһУ·ڱݡ

ľ̾۰룬˵֮Ҫǰ⡭
˴ͣһȥ˵һգСҲˣħѪħΪһ塣Ѫħȫѣںϣֻʱֹ켫ⲻһͿ̿
̫˺͹µ˶ü浽ʱ¾ʥ֮ˣҲδܹסѪħں֮
˵ΣҲҪֹѪħںϣҪռȻܵǣһˣҲ˵ѾɹѪħںˣʱ˭ֹˡ

̫۰룬˵Сѵ뷨һޣΣǲԴУǣʱȻȥ
λҲˣ˲йɽҡİ˻ֻ֮δȫȫĳΪԶԿ
ǽգСԭ򡣡
̫°룬˿ȥ˱˴˶һۺ󣬷ֱ˵ͷ
ʱµ˲ſڵСѿɻǵã켫ʱϹ־ʮ㡣
Ǽǵá
˵㣬̼ǵõ꣬Ϊ˼µˣ켫ʮ㣬ضˣҲˣʱ˲йìܡ

µ΢΢˵ͷ˵켫оžŰʮһ㣬±߶ʮ߲Ϊ־мʮ߲Ϊ־ϱ߶ʮ߲㣬Ϊ־
˵˴ͣһֿ˵СѾ֪Ϊѹ֮ħǧǰλǰȥӴѶм£Сѻ֪
Ŷ
ʵ֪µǰ˵Ǻ£
ֻ˶һۣ̫ٴοڵʵٶǰ켫ҲһλΪǰǰСһҶ࡯ٶǰҲȥ֮ǰ켫ڰʮһһ¿ͣΣ˵ϵڰʮһ㣬ȡ֮
˵֮˵˵λǴĳȥ켫ڰʮһ㣬ȡһҶǰ֮
һҹǴ⡣
̫˵˵ͷ˵գһ˿ɫ˵Ҳ˵Ϊ޷ϵڰʮһ㡣
Ŵԣü΢΢һλҲ޷ϵڰʮһ㣿
µ˿ڵǧһҶǰκ˵Ϲڰʮһ㡣
ԭˡ
ˣλһҶǰȥһطȻʲô⣬ֻǡ
뵽˴̧ͷǰˣ˵һǧϵȥ켫ڰʮһ㣬λˣΪĳܹϵȥ
⡭
ٴζһۣعͷ̫˵СҲϲȥСΪкܹϵȥ
һɲǣصλ˿һҲ֪ΪΣղһ˲䣬Ժ뵽ˣȻζ
̫̾˵ֹ켫ǡİΣСѡף㣬ѾûܹԸˡ
̧ͷһ̣Ժ˵괴ʱЦ˵Ļ˫۵жǿ˫ϳеΣͽжء
ˡ
ǰˣĿѾǵǸˣǡ֮


1082 
켫£ƣÿһ㣬һǴֻǼ򵥵һѡ
޳Ҫһ˵𣿡
ʱ켫ӣҪ˹Ȼֻ֪ʮһһλǰµ֪֮ħһ¡
ʱԶҲۼ˲ˣȻǲ켫ˣҲٹ켫Ĵš
켫棬־ÿһ㣬ǸΪյһǴӵʮ㿪ʼĺʮ㣬ÿһ㣬Σա
Щ켫ΪٸߵˣҲֻϵʮ㣬޷ټˡ
ߵİʮһ㣬˵ǧȥܹϵȥ
ʱ˶СۣǼʶʵ켫ʮһ㣬ͬСɣһܹ֮ȥġ
У죬ضʱվԶҲһǰ׷֮˵ıӰ
һֻ̣˵꣬һʮ㣬ӣ񡭡Լңء
ʱ棬Ҳ˵һĻʱʮ꣬벻գҪ켫
ֻǶʮǰʱֻϵʮ㣬־͵־ûʲôΣգʧҲ޷һѡ
־󣬾Ͳһôˣǵʮ󣬼ʱ̶ΣյУһЩµĻþޣֲƣЩƵУ
ûоԵʵҲǾԲᱻȥսʮġ
׼ˣǾ͡Ҫԥˡ
δվԣȻ֪գҲ֪ۺˣȰ˵ˡ
δ룬㲻õġҲʲôԵҲ˵׼֮תͷ˵
δһЦ˵ͷ
ȥˡ
˿ֿ˿ʱվڲԶ𽣬ԥһǵڶĴȥˡ
ܿ죬˱㿴ֳˡ켫񡱵ڶ棬Ȼǵ㣬Ĳ㣬㡭
һ켫ı仯ǵһҲ˲쾪֮£ֲ
˰ʱһϵʮ㣬ٶȸ죬һֱ˵ʮ档
ʮ㡭
Զضһ桰޳֣ȻⲢ֣õ֣ûиĻ
꣬ʮ㱻ȥģǸʱԷҪŬΪȷʵѷǵɱˣǶԷΪȴҲңɼˡ
ʮ߲㡭
ܿ죬ֳʮ߲棬ƺûпʮͣȻʮ˲㣬ʮŲ㣬һ·ֱ־ȥ
˾˵ٶȣֱ±ߵĿɿڴǷʦֺʦ㣬ҲԶԶûôٶȰ
һֱ֮ʱֻ켫棬޳Ѿˡʮ㡱档
⡭
Զ˶ˣٶδҲ̫ˣΪٸߣ֪켫棬ÿһ㣬ƶΪء
Ҳ˵ΪԽߣЩԽ£Ȼܹôٶȵֱôġ
Ȼһ֮ˡ
ʱԶһͤ⣬ĽϧڼҲע켫Ǳߣı֣ԶԶǵԤϣȴһҲе⡣
һϣλҲߣϾϲɫ¶ԭΪҪһһҹʱ䣬ܵ־û뵽һʱ䣬־˵ʮ㡭
󳬳ǵԤ룬˿ôϵڰʮһ㣬Ҳȫûпˡ
˵ʮٶԻˣ֮ʱż֣ӵʮ㣬˵ʮ㡣
һŵ켫ϣʱ˿ֵҹ֮ʱֻ켫棬޳ֺȻͣ˸
Ϥ켫˶֪˸˵֮Σգʱʧܡ
޳
һֶ̣ڵʮ㣬־ȫͬ־ԽԽΣգʧˣ޷½һ㣬Σգ־棬ʵʵڵľһ
δҲüͷһ״ΣգʮʲôˣΪ˸˾ҡ
治֪ʲôˣ־ʮԺ󣬾λҲ޷֪ˣһֻ֮ܿԼ
ڣ˽ע֮£޳ȶˡʮĲ㡱
̫ˣҾ֪޳ģ
һ˷ܵû˳ʱ켫֣Ŀ͸ĳȣһŮԼ֮˵֣ݵˡ
ʱ䣬֣Ѿ˵ʮһ棬죬һֱ켫棬ֱڣŵؿ켫ı仯
ͬʱо֮һѩɽ壬Ϊɽɽ棬ƺɾһĹʹڡ
˿̣ʹֻ֮һˣ˰ʤѩüĿ续һʵ˼С
Ȳʳ˼̻ǧѺζҲѷֻ֣Ůľɶ֮ȡ
Ǳˣӣһ޳˥ϣǳ뻯ҽɱžҲҲڶˣҽʥˮ̣ҲҪѷ֡
ʮˡ
һĵĻʱеȻǵǸҲ޲ߵġˡ
Ҳβãǵϣкܹκã

ʱ߽ʹĵӣƶϻմŷѩǻüС
Σ
ӿ߽ˣʵ
ߵŮӹֵҶ˴ǱߣڻҲжˡӵġ
ʲôӿ޲Ե÷ǳƽ
ֻŮü˵ӵġ˻ɽ
ߡ
һߣصҲ˵·;ңԶɽ֮գҾٸʮӣҲʹǲصġ
ǡ
Ůӵ˵ͷһұߵĵֵڶˣȥˣҪһս
ħһУȡ
Ȼ񵭵󣬿˵ޱˣȥɡ
ǡӹ˹֣ȥˡ
ѩʢһ̣Ժֻ˶ʮǰǸҲµˡ
һӣֻ֮ߡһΣվҪҵġ

˵켫ɫţһ켫ı仯ֱҹ֮ʱż֣ˡʮ㡱
ȥˡ
һΣȴ˿һ±ý켫ʮ㣬ķˮ룬һʮ֮ôǾһˡ
޳
켫棬գһۣ־ʹӰʧˣִӰʧôžֻһֿܡˡ


1083 
ʱ˶ŵ켫棬ֻʱ䣬ϵʮˣܷȥڰʮһ㣿
Ȼ˲̫ڰʮһ㾿ʲôһҪԸĻҪɹϵڰʮһ㡣
ԶλҲٴϣ켫ߣü
ľŲ㣬²׵ȥˣĶԽԽ˵ԪǼѪᦣѪѪ꣬ѪħȫΪһ壬ʵᷢʲô
ڣֻڴܹѪħΪһ֮ǰ켫ڰʮһ㣬ȡٶǰһҶǰĶ

ʱ켫ʮ棬ֻǰһƬ͸һɽϢ
СУκһ˿⣬ϵһֻһ˲䣬ܵһĽƣԶ־Щɱȡ
оԼһƺΪҲѹˡ
Ȼ䣬˵ȥ½ħڣʮָħУ棬һӵʱͨ
ܵʱʱ䲢ûжٱ仯ħһӣȴʵʵڵģһô򵥡
ʱ켫ʮ棬֪ΪΣһʶĸо켫ҲͬҴգΣճ̶ȣڵʱħأһжСġ
֪˶ãǰŨɢһɳصĽϢԽԽе͸
ΧһƬףֻԼĽŲصκһƶ̽䱸
˰Ļ£˶߶ȽţһЩֵֹĻþο켫ʮ㣬Σأ֪һ̣ͻЩʲô
ڽ֮ʱǰȻһߵСܹʮ棬˵Сѷһ֮ˣһ·ȴǰôףʱ֮ǣСѡ׼ˡ
δе죬ǵʮ㣬켫ʮһķˮ룬ȻһЩһĴڡ
ֻǰŨɢǲԶȴǳĵӰ˽뷢׵ߣһϢΪ
ϸǰλ߲ˣӦǶǰ켫Ϊĳϣڴ˴ĳ־һͽƣĵʶ־˿̿ȥһŻϢ
λǰڴ˵Ⱥˣ֪кָ̡Ŷˣ˵
һǰ˳żѷɽּ°룬˵Ų㣬ǻ֮һ̤룬κһ˽֮ȻѲ⣬Сʱͷлü
ҪͷҲλǰµĻӰˣĳţλǰͽ̡
ǻӰȴߵҲգСִҪǰ˲Ȱ裬Сȴ롭ͨ˵Ŀ顣
䣬Χһ𣬡ݣǼɽϮǷɽƼᣬΧصĽƣΪƣʱ˿ҵģɲһչܿ˼ѷɽĹ
Ȼδ䶨վȣǽѹȴһʩչϵ䷨
˫һ㣬ϱ߷ɳϸһԾͷȻһƬϢϮϷ˲仯һƬ𺣣һʩչĻϵ䷨

ɽٴϮæ֮䣬ֻǿסѷɽĹʱҲѾһƬɽȥ
ߵķɽ̫ǿڴ˴Ϊƣ޷ǿеֿ֮£ֻ˲Ƴȥ˶ʮ֮⡣
֮𺣺͵ĵɽʧһδֻж̶Ƭʱ䣬ʧˡ
С׼ˣһԣʧ֮СѽҪܴ˲㡮ͷ
һٻǼѷɽĿŲԶ˵
̧ͷһֻۣǰ֣ܲ͸һɼصĽϢǵС
˿ʣλᣬոһΣ̫ˣû뵽ֻǻӰȴҲԸ˵İ취
ʱһ̹̿ȥʱ棬һЩѾȥˣδˣһֱ켫£Ѿˣ֪Ҫѡ
ˣЩ⣬һҹ켫Ҳһҹȴκα仯
˶Ѿ˾⣬ʱ߿֮ϺȻһ죬˶Ȼһһȫޣ׷̧ͷǸ߿ȥֻʮ棬׵縡֣ɷǿֲ
޳ˣ
ɫһ䣬ղŵ⣬һ·ɵ˾⣬һǸ߿ϵ׵硣
ȻδȥôߵĲȴ֪ʮ棬һʧΣҪޱȿֲ׷޳һʧκ󣬴˽׷
ӡ
δҲоɫһ˿棬·ܹܵǽ׷Ŀֲһܳܣ
ʧˡ
ԶϣλɫҲЩ԰ף뵽ʮ棬λǰµĻӰεվϲȥô
һ̣˵ĽȥΪʱʧˣǣ޷ͨĵӰĿ飬ôȥ֮ˣҲһ
ǿͨĵӰĿ飬ҲȥΪǿͨĻ˵ʵȻȻȥǲ𣿻֮Ҳȥİ

̫˳̾켫Ǳһȥʮһ㣬ġ
ԭҲֻǱһϣڿΪͬȻܼȴǲ
µҲ켫ǱߣʱҲ棬˽⣬֪ΪΣ˿̾㿴ԷʧˣȴȻţˡһκʧʮǰ֮һ

ʱ켫ʮһֽ׷϶ദطˣھǴһ㣬ǱΪ˻ҽʹ࣬ʵ˵
Ȼ˿̣ȴǿʹһ䣬ŶˣνġڱߡֱʹϷ


1084 ֮
Ƽһǿװʹģ߲ЦСܹŹһ֮ȷʵһܼʧΣСҪٳһֻ֮ʱСѽ֮ǣˣСѲʮ
ʮ󡭡ߣ
һ˫ָ󣬿˵ʮʱ켫ѾûˣҪȻǻҹȥˣǣҲû˭֪
⡭
˵ף߲ҡͷЦС޷ͨ˵Ŀ飬ܼǰ
վֻĵʶ־Դ˲⣬ǿʵΣ˽ͨġ
ˣǾֻλͽˡ
˵ţ䣬һһ߳˲佫ʮر｣ʩչ˳
һɲǣֻӰʮӰصһƬɫĻֱȥ
һУСѷѾùˡ
߿˵˵ͬʱָһѷɽִ˲ɳҲʩչ˸˵ľУ𵴣ȴҲȻԺˡ
һ̣Ѿһ亹ֻʣһλˣʧһҹʱ䣬ҳ˵ʵڣǳڡ
һɲǣԺʦԼ֮飬յ֮ʵԱ֮ʵ֮
ʱʮӰѧʩչ˼£˷˵ľ
һ˲䣬ԥԪޣԡͨΪΧ֮һǰֻ̳䡱һ죬һĽӰ˲ʧˣһӰҲɢ
ǰԶ˵Сʧˡ
һΣʧˡ
Ǵڻ֮ʱǰһӰ˲ɢˣǺһĻӰ
㡭
ߵʱһ˻תʱȴվһƮƮС
ϲСѣͨˡ
˵ģȴʩչϵĺߣֻСѿ֮ͨڴ֮ǰҪСһ䣬ǰ·գСڴʱͷü
лǰѣѾλǰԼͨʮڡ

΢΢ͷͨ˵Ŀ飬ǲֻǰ·գСѶСġ⣬ĵΣգСһ֮뿪켫󣬷ʧ
˵ֻ꣬ǰһ֣ʱĵɳֱ˵ķ˷䣬ֵлλǰ
һ˵꣬ѶһѺۣ֮ͨˡ
ʱ棬ţڣ켫棬ֻ֣˵ʮ㡣
ɹˣ
־ϲû뵽ڳܽ׷֮󣬾Ȼܳɹϵʮ㣡
ԶϣλҲתϲ̫ͷãáȥˣ
µҲ˿ϵʮˣʽ֮ˣҪʱ䣬ܵһ㣬˲һֱˣҪȥ顣

켫ʮ㡣
һƺùˣһ󣬱һɺ쳾ĸо
ָоǴǰһһľһһʯ·ڸһУʵģ
һǰУϥ˹Ϣ
ղ±һ㣬ĲСһ׷ʱδָԪ£һЩΣգǲģʹŸղλĵ
һһҹʱ䣬ָԪʱһɴԶĺ⣬Ϯ˹
ţһŲԶ
˿տˣ
һ̣δе죬۾صû뵽Ӽʱþ֮УĪҲͬһ˿ĳþ֮У벻Ҷˣܳգɻþ֮е˼
ҵܾˣһ
ֻԶһӰ˰ʤѩ٣˲ʳ˼̻
Ǳˣζ
Ŷˡ
վתȥﲻеˣҲκ֪﷢һУɱңҲκ˻֪κ˻ɣôζ
ΪΪҪɱ㡣
ζ߽ˣ䣬䵭


1085 
ɱң㲻˳ҵһˣҼ̳֮λ˭Ҳ޷ˣô
񵭵˵Ե꣬Ҹף˱ҵģ֮ҲһûѪͳˣ̳Ұɣ˵ôζ
ˣȻ˵ˣҲҪΪѾɡ

âһ˵ĽѶһĿܽҹŵںϵζǧŵһ˰
ܹħ棬ҿ֣ǧ޶ζ̨֣ڽ£ƾնţص
֮䣬ȴѾغϣζˣͬãþ֮У÷츲أɽʯһһʽ䣬ǲûʱκι˼ɡ
ֻζһ̧߷ӿ˲Ϣҹ䡰ơ
ƺ󾢼ǿһؼʱһ㱯֮⣬ʮƣҲһ˲䷢
¡
һײþʱһɽһ˲ѣƬƬ
˾һһҹԼоȴʤѷ֣ת˲䣬ֲ֪δɽˮ㣬ɵأζһҪȥһ죬Ͳˡ
һ˵ֻ꣬һһɳȴ֮ǰλǰķǺһ̲Ļ֮
䣡
һɲǼ䣬죬ԭ֮أһ±˿ζ˲֮УһɲǣԶȴһȴˡŽġ˽˲ȼԪ
ͣ
һ죬һֱӴ͸ζĲضһ˲䣬ȴʧˡ
ΧһֱüžޱȣʧˣɵҲʧˣٲζӰ
ѵղŵһУζڣֻԼƾ𣿿ǡַʵ
ղһ˲䣬Լһ˿ձɱֻ
¡
ʱԶȻһ𵴣תȥֻʮ⣬ѾһѺۣͨʮġ

ֹ֪ȥ˰ʱ䣬ǵ˳֮ʱҶ졣
켫⣬ѾպһˣգҲѾ˵ڰʮ档
ʣһˡ
˶켫ϣûκ˵֣ôߵĲڰʮ㣬ʵ󡭡
£ʲô
ڵڰʮ棬ѾкЩˣʼûκα仯֮ǰ漸ʱֻʱ˸ΣգԴϵڰʮ־ʼûٶһˣô¡
˿̣в˶Сۣԭһʼ˲²ӦԪѾȥôˣ켫棬ָԪֻҪһʱ䣬Ϊôˣʼûжһ£
ϵ׳ʲôˡ
һ̣𰶼üڵڰʮ㣬ʲôԥ
ԶϣλҲüǴδȥʮ㣬ȻҲ֪ǰʮ㾿ʲô
ǲܵڰʮʲôµΣٵˣЩ죬ǱߵĶѾԽԽˡ
ʱߵʣҲѾ֣ƺ棬·һ˫֣͸
Ѫ֮ҹ˳ǱؽѪɺӣǰյʱ򣬲֪Ǵʲôܸоϵ£Щ죬һѷĵԵȾѪһ

ʮ棬ηΣãЩֱ治ʵԼǼ٣еЩģˡ
һУһþУǴǧһһֻΡ
ȥδʵ轻֮䡣
һһУɻӰ
ܹһ㣬ǺǣЩ¡ʱһƻõԺ
˭˭˵
ĹˣȴκӰ֮ǰ漸ʱһЩʮײеޣҲɽ棬Ҳоա
һڰʮ޲ߣȫ֪Ҫߣһг㯡
ˣ㿴ңǰ롭صٴԺ𣬴һ˿˿Ĺ졣
ǰ롭ǰȥȴããһƬ
޷еĿ־壬ԶҲҲ·ڣ㽫ԶֱԪľ٣ǺǺǡ
Ԫľ
ֱʱŷ֣ԭϵԪһֱϢţԪݽ֮ʱΪһͨˣܿͻϲ
ǰܹˡϸʵȥδǺǺǺǡ
еԽԽƮ죬ֻеЩͷΣʶ·Ҳһ𽥱ģ
ʶԽԽģǰҲԽԽ壬ȵʶٴʱǰһĻĻǴδȴʶʵʵá
ӡҪػã˼䰡ҪһˣΪϲģ˼ˡ
δ룬Ҫ

ʦ磬ʱգȻ𡭡
ǧѡΪҪң

ҪԥòΪʦ֮֡
ΪʲôΪʲôһ㣬ΪգȴҪɱ㡭ΪʲôҺ㣬Һ㣡


Ȼ䣬ǰһлʧˣɫǲ԰˫ҲѪ˿
ոտһʲô
Լ𡭡
ΪʲôôʵʵһжǷһ
ǺǺǺǡǸصٴ𣺡µ鰡
˭ҳ
һƬգ۲Ѫ˿˴̼һԭղһУԼ־ô
δȥ
ʦñѡ
Уʦ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôԼῴЩ


1086 һҶ
ǺǺǣΪе£ÿˣµĶλѾʥʥˣµ飬˵ҲˡǺǺǺǡ
صһ
һŬϢʹƽһƬյˣµʲô
ɱĸĳôǺǺǡҪ˵µİһ롭Ŷ뵽ˣµģħһħˣǾµģǺǺǡ
ߡ
һߣյµʲô
ңǺǺǡÿ˶еġ־֮ħôкµĶأ
ص𣺡ղһУµ飬ǲղſһзôڻͷüһУͶ޹ء
ССħҪң
һȥɢʮǰߣҲڳһѺۡ
ѺǰߣһΣȴͣ˽ŲԺ˸ղŻЩ档
ǺǺǡ˭Ҳ޷еĿ־壬Խǿ־ʲôԽǻᷢʲôǺǺǺǡ
ССħߡһߣһǰѺ̤ȥ
Ȼ̤Ѻ۵һ˲䣬ȴƸоʲôԡ
ԣһУʲô־֮ħԼ˿һѺۣͨڰʮһ㣬ǡ־Ԩ
ˡ
̸еҪ̤Ȼһ˲䣬ͻȻһɾ޴һ˲䣬Ԩ֮¡

⣬˶ŵ켫ϣֻ桰޳֣һʧˣڸղһ˲䣬ʧˡ
ô¡
ȺɧôͻȻͲˣֲѵ
޳
Ҳһ´סˣղһֱ켫棬Ȼ󡭡Ȼֻһ۾ѣٴʱ޳֣־ʧˡ
ϡ
ɫҲýȻ켫ô£ǸղһɲǣȻҵزһ£δйļ¡
ľϡô£
δҲɷһƬһԱߵľϡ
ľλϣȻʱҲˣǻ֮ʲôطľŲ㣬һһˣҲʧˡ˿
δȲҪ
ȻľҲЩŲ֪룬̹ȥ鿴켫񣬿켫㣬κһ˿ףô˵켫ˣǡ
ˣȥ֪λˡ
һֻ̣ľɫҲɷף˵Ҳڷˣδʱģһ¸еתҪεˡ
δ㡭
ɫҰֽһܹȥסˣδ㣬µģ޳һµġ
ľļҲŵһˣʱŷӦҪȥλʱĵٿȻȴλѾˡ
棬ˡ
ľȼλ˹ȥ̫ɫҲʮֲ԰ף켫Ǳ˹ȥϸ鿴ΧʯȴһɶҲ˿û𻵵ӣ˵
һ̣λ˵ɫЩѿˣδ뼱Ҵȥô죿ȥ𡭡
ôȥ
̫亹ȥʮ£пͨȥˣʮǻ֮ûκܹȥҲϲȥ
µǿŻδδȲҪżҲ顭֮ƹܣһĳЩѺۣҲпܳʱʧ
֮󣬻δɫûкٴʵǰҲֹ𣿡
ǰ
һʣλ˶üնҡҡͷ
Ȼǰδй˺Զ϶ֻĳЩѺˣ
δɫԽԽ԰ףһʣȴʵλ˶֪λشˣȷʵ޷ȷһЩѺˣǡˡ
Ҫȥ
һɲǣδĿʮΧ˶һ㶵ؿһ
δ򲻿ɣµɫһ䣬ѾѲˣΣҲȥ
δ㡭Ҳţҡͷ
ҪˣҪʬܲܡһֱš
δ𽥱Щͳˣ˿ĵ֪ǽԼϵķӡȫǿг忪ΣҪȥڰʮ㣬ûˡ
δ롣
ʱִһŮӵתȥȴһѵŮ˹ҽ溡
Ҳû£ȲҪż
˹ʱɫȴǷǳƽƽɫδһҲ
˵溳֣ʾȥ
δ˹ȥߣ˵˼仰˶ûδ֮ɫʵ𣿡

˵ͷûжԡ
溹ΪΣ̫˹ʵ
Ϊڲ˻ңΪˡ溿˵֮⣬Ҳø԰ꡣ
á
̫˵˵ͷ¼ȻԷ˵ˣҲֻãȴȥˡ
ʱһһ̹ȥʱ䣬ʱ䣬˶켫棬ѿϮǵǿˣ⣬Ǿѩϼ˪ˡ
ϮҲԸ°
ÿһ컨δ붼Ƕ꣬ÿÿκһ춯ŵؿ켫ı仯ȻһδΣȴʧʧʧ
ʱ䲻ƣģ·ҲԽԽˣǲȵ׹䣬ȴʼ׹䲻ףֻԽԽľһ
ʼˣһǰûֹ
ʼ˼ˣһô졭
δ룡

ֻδɫֽȻεȥһסڴһ˲䣬еޱȵĺ䡣
ȥ
˿ԥһ˲ŻԹȥδȥˣȥӰЩ̻̲
δ㡭
һҲҰֽʧķֻعͷ켫棬ֻ۾Ҳһºˣ޳޳㻹ûдȥأǧ°Ͼӣ޳Ҫƽƽģĳ
˵֮ʣȻ켫һ£Ȼֻ켫ڰʮһ棬Ȼˡ޳֡
쿴
һ£ʱ˲ˣ˶ŵ켫棬ϵʮһˣ
ȥˡ
λҲһסˣһʱ仹ЩûӦһ»ñֵϾһһ˵꣬Ͼ
ЦӣֺЦȴɷǿɰ
һԣľ켫³ֵ֣Ҳڳ˿ʱȴ·һ̫Ͼû鲻֪롭һҶǰ϶ˡ
˴־ﲻԣԼһͣޣһҶǰúúõģʲô顭


1087 ˵
ΧһƬҲʮֻ谵ֻеЩͷĿѣ֪䵽δˡ
Сһˡ
ʱԶȻһߵʱɫһ䱸ķĿȥڴˣ
ΧŨʼɢˣԭһʮֿĴڴ룬һʯ̨ʯ̨棬ϥһλߡ
°׷ɷǣǲһ˲䣬׹ˡ
ԭѾǵڰʮһˣǰλ°׷ߣλ˵ģٶǰλΪһҶǰˡ
ʡһҶǰڴˣ
ʯ̨Ǳ˹ȥһɲǣܵ˶ԷһƹӵϢǰλһҶࡱֻٶǰһҶڴ˴һ־
λһҶǰȻʮ˵á
˹ȥ΢һ֣һ
Сѡ
һҶ۾վʯ̨˹˵ٶǰ¿ͣ켫Σڰʮһ㣬켫Σ֮ˡ
ǰһҶ࣬Ȼֻһ־ȴ֮ǰʮĸˣһЩǣҲɿһҶһԪ
켫ȷʵһЩ顣
ǰ㽫һ˵ˣһҶ֮ƺδе죬ֻǳ̾
ȴ֪һ̾ħ̾켫˥䡣
ãСܹ˴˵Ѱ֮ˣ־ᶨȻΪٸߣҲԵϵڰʮһ֮Сѡܲ
ʱһҶ࿴ʱһֿ϶һ־ڴ˴꣬Ȼȴʼһܹϵ
ǰˡ
˿Χ˿ʱѾܵһʮֻͬʱһɽ˴˻һؽĪǱһҶǰ£
һҶСʶѾȥħ֮ǰڴ˴ʮԼ
ǰ˼ǡ
һ˲䣬ˣڴ֮ǰ룬һҶʲôܹ켫֮ΣֺαҪŵôߵĵط˸ϲȥ
ڣѾ֪ˣһҶµģʮûеʵҲ޷ʮͽ

һҶ˵ͷ˵ΨСܹϵҲڤڤ֮е⣬еڶˣܹͬʱʮʮԿİ˻֮
ԭˡ
һ̣ǻȻһѵλһҶǰٶǰѾ㵽֮
һҶС׼ˣ˵һҿ󣬽ʮڣסһʼ㲻ֹڼ㽫Ҫܳ޷ܵʹ࣬Σ㶼סһʧܣϡ
ȵȡ
һ̧һҶΣСпԴǣ
Ҳ
˵м飬º֪켫棬ѹ֮ħʲô
£Ī켫λˣûи߹𣿡
λȷʵ˵£룬£ѰҲλ֪ģҲࡣ
һһиǶ϶ˣ켫ѹħλ֪ģʵ࣬ǰλһҶǰȻ֪øࡣ
켫Ǵǧǰſɵʱ࣬ǰ켫Ҹ֪˶ꡣ
Ҳ˵ĴڣпܾΪѹصħ־Ǻ˴ֱʣ
һҶ۰룬СУȷʵںܶɻⲻЩɻҲ޷רں
ǰ֮ܽɡ
Ҳá
һҶһ˵ţһǰȥˣߣֻ棬һС磬ƣľɽСϪ
㿴ô

ţֻô
ǰγԣ
֪ΪκȻдһʣһҶǴ磬˵㿴һûУ
˵ȥ˵ľ֮Ҷ֮Уһ֮ľҶ֮ľή֮ѿֳ֮ɴ
Сѵļ⣬ס
һҶǴĴ˵ǡֻء磬һֻأϢҲѲ⡭

һ˲䣬·ʲôҪ˿վֻǾˮ¡
Сѿ֪𡯣һҶתֿ
𡭡
Щӡ󣬵̣һҶ翴ȥ˵ҷԣ磬һ޾ֻأʢ˥˥ʢÿʱԻͶʢվ˥֮ʱ𡣡
˴ͣһּ٣һսΪȥһֻͷʼ⣬㿴һûУ
ֻһôֻô̶һʱ֦Ҷï࣬Ǻܿ죬ҶʼήȫһнԹڳ
һ£ʲô˵ȼ֮ʱᷢһɲҫ۵ĹâȻںڰ

һҶת֮ʱؼ䣬ӿ˵ΪҲʱͻͽԵֿ١
ŵҪͼֹ١ԣˣҪȴ١
һҶ಻ÿɷȥ˵һйżأǰҲйżأһǰŶ糹ױ飬ʲôҲû£ЩųŲħ𣬶һεʧˡȻΪҵˣȣҲһɳ
һУص׷ӡŵħֵʲôϵص
һҶת˵ħһйء
һ𡭡
ɫһһǰŶ飬һοܲӦڸǰʱħԼ˼۷ǿߣȫˣʧˡ
ʱûκ֪żҲûֻƬļأУҲֻǺһЩ˵˶׫ġ
ǰ˼ǣħƷӡܻ𣿡
ųܡ
һҶ΢΢˵ͷһֻ̣üĽҲֳɫʵСѲ֪켫ѹӡŵģֻħһұۡ
ʲô
һΣ΢еЩԾһҶ۰룬΢΢ͷħķѣͷɡ֫࡭ֱѹӡ˼ĳطա


1088 
ͷɣ֫࡭ֱ𱻷ӡ˼ĳطա
ֻȻһɲǣǺȻ뵽ʲôһֱѹӡ˼ĳط
Ȳܱӡ˼δħʲôǺˣ˴ֱʡ
һҶ˼һּʵСѿ֪桯
桭治֪޵ףԻ档𽥻عڹ֣Ѳеİ
ħڣʱʮָħᵽ棬ϴ澳Ȫ棬ãħ˵ʮָħһĻ
磬ħ֮أн޳Ψʮ󣬷ܽһѺۡǵ꣬ʧҵҵģҵת֮ˣɡ
˿̣عǰһҶ࣬˵棬Ϲʱڣħ֮أһ棬ħźεͨ챾죬ٴˡ

һҶ˵ͷ˵Сѣ֪ĺܶࡣĺ˻ģʮ磬Ψ棬н޳ġ
̽Եǰ˼ħǴӹġ
֮һҶಢûϻش𣬹˺һ˵пܣһ֮ʱӹΨһӳħһħʶȾʶؽɣȻٸ֮ˣҲħ
˴һҶͣƬֽ̣ŵϣŹһܹȾһ֮Ҳ֮κһ硭
˿ôħƷӡĻ˼ȷʵ᲻
˵ƽƽʱȴϸϸ룬һУƺѾԽԽѰˣ𣬹棬ңʮġ
ʦһ֪Щʲôδ߹ԼҲԣʱԼֻǸʮˣʦôܻԼЩ
꣬ʲôԼʬħĿֵʲô˿ܲħˣˣʦѾ˽ˡ
С֪ģڶѾ֪ˣ˿пǻʲôɻ󣿡һҶ࿪ʵ
ûˡ
ع֮ǽǰ鷳ȥӾȳ
á
һҶ΢΢ף˵С׼ˣȥмʯ̨棬Ժҿ󷨣ʱʮڼ䣬㽫Գܵʹࡣ
мʯ̨˿ԥ˫һ㣬ȥϥ£˵׼ˣǰʼɡ
һҶҲٶԣ˫΢һӡʱʮɳһ¼󷨣ʱڵĵطġ
ֻԭЩ谵Ĵһ±ʮɫӸλǰ
Ϊʮÿһʱ·ܹǧһطӿ
ǽʮܹһһֻһһʵͬСɡ
Сѣעˡ
һҶ෢һʾٲԥӡһ䣬һɫʱӿȥ
һɲǣصһɸҪ˺һֻеһϣһ˲䣬еȫ֫ٺƴһ㣬һ״ʹУһ˲߱ȫ
Сѡס
һҶŵһǱѾܲסˣ̸ʮ
ָֻһڶɫҲӿ˽ȥһ˲䣬Ǹеھ٣̼׹ɻһ̲ס¶ʹ֮ɫ
һҶಢδͣ£ָһɫҲӿȥ
ʱѴÿһʹǷŴʮһ򵥡
Ѱ֮ˣһͬʱ£ʹѵѳܵĵˡ
ʱȴȻָȻ亹꣬Ѷʪ͸ˣȴҲҧţ޷ǰǣһܵס
ˣһҶοѾʹˣһʮǽǺε
Ѱ֮ˣǻδȵʮۣѾҷˣ֮ʵԳ
һҶü˫ٴαӡָһĵɫ˲ϢҲӿȥ

һΣģԪҲҪһ㣬ܹԸܵϵƤѾʼѪˣҲ٣ȫƴһ㡣
һ̣ЩģţԼȫʱʮĻ᲻ٴδϡ
£Ѿû·ˣѾħѪħ֮ڤĻһɰ˻֮
ɰ˻֮ĿֲѾʶĿǰΪԶԿΨʮ


1089 Ѫ֮ҹ
ʱȥ죬һʮԲҹ쳣Ƕǣ¡δȴһ㺮˪
ϴϮѾȥһ£ȴȻе̻̲·һжһ
ǧȴǣӳյø⺮䣬켫ɽϣֻɽ֮ϣһӰ΢ˡ
͹ɽڴʱϮҲֻˣĽϧڵˣԼĸ֣ŲܹʱƬ̡
ҹɪɪ˶üʱ䣬ǶŲˡ
һǵĵԭ򣬹ɽѾ伣꣬ȴͻȻ֣Ҳ벻Ѱ
˺пܣѾǰ˻ĵˣһν˻ĵҲǣˣô飬¶ʮ鷳
˿̣켫вٵ棬ϵڰʮһ㣬Ѿǵˣ棬ȴȻûκζ
ľȼλҲüû֪ǰʮһ澿ʲôֻ˵ڰʮһ棬һĻ
һС磬棬һգһ꣬ǰʧĹϵ伮
ȻЩҲֻǴŶѣǷ紫ԣ˭Ҳö֪ΪٶǰһҶǰϵǰʮһ㣬Ҳû
ʵ̫ޱ޼ʣطżµĽƣһҶǰҲ׳ԡ
ʱգ켫вţʱһСͥԺҡΣڱĴɴ棬ӳӰ
δѾڸղˣ֮ɣε˹ȥ
ʱ˵Ѿ˵ڰʮһ㣬ڲŷԵЩ죬˯ﶼеԺμһЩµξ·ãʵ
ҹô˺䡣
ĺⲻ͸е𣬶ǿҪϨˣ䣬ƺЩ쳣
溵Ǹ붬ɣвٵطѾʼѩˣǰɱžһʱ䣬Ķ磬ԪҪһЩ
ԣɺ⡭
δһü֮壬֮κ˶Ҫ񣬽ɺ⣬Բ붬ĺ⡣
溣һ˶ãճˣ
溼ֹ֣˵աѾʮʮˣ졣
ʮʮ塭ա
δ˫üһøˣҲʲô溼ɫԽ֣üʵôˣ
ˡǼ֮գǡʴ֮ҹ
һɲǣδɫֿʼ溼˵Цʵʲô֮գʲôʴ֮ҹδ롭˵ʲô
죡ȥλˡǼ֮ҹؽɼ֮ѪħȫΪһ壡
δɫһ±ɷףҲˣȥ֮ʱ˵һ䡰Ѫ֮ҹ˳ǱؽѪɺӡѪ֮ҹѵָ
ʱȻһ֮ƺǳʲô£δɫһ̴վ֨ѽһŴˣֻ𰼱Ҵ˽
𰣬淢£
û°ɣ
û£ôˣ
δȥ߳ȥһ̣ԭ覣ıԵȴģȾѪһ㣬ʼ졣
ˡʴʼˣ
δɫһ䣬ȥˣһ䣬Ҳһ׷˳ȥ
˿棬ǻҲϵ𽥱ȾѪһ죬һѪ⡣
˾֮УЩڰӰ䣬ȻħЩħﲻ֪ǴǴӵصģˣȥֻܿš
ЩЩʲô
ġħ

ʦ֡ҡ
ܰ
ǣ̼˼Ȼ֮УǶǣħӰɼеħӰٶȼ죬գ֮䣬ܸ˵ϣÿһ˵ľǣЩħֻǿࡣ
Щҹħ
켫ɽϣ΢ɫһ䣬ָһɽʱǧٵɳЩҹħնڽ¡
ȻЩҹħ̫ӴˣԶԶ˳ߵȻ΢ǿҲһ½Щҹħȫնɱɾ
ǣһ˼ȿֻ֮У켫ɽϣЩҹħҲˮһ㣬˷ӿ
⡭Щʲôôɱ

ʦáģ
ˣЩħǱȥˡȥֹ
켫һҲɽҹħӿƾ켫ĵӣס
ĽϧڵȸڣһʱƬ̼䣬ҲԵֵסӴҹħ
Щҹħٶȼ죬ܲںڰ֮Уܸ֮ϣѰĵԽɱɽҲױħȾʮԶԸ
ܿ죬Ƶҹħ£켫ദطѾʧأֻܲǱ߾ȥ
ô¡ôͻȻôħ
˴ʱ켫ǱߣԶ糱ˮһӿħҲŵɫɷףæԼķ
ʱͥԺǱߣδ𰻹溣һ㱻ҹħΧˣħӰصʵԹж١
ôôħ
溽һδ΢΢һȻϳˣЩҹħܵ͵ȵħȴʮӴ󣬿Ϊôҹħ˼䡭
ɷɷɷ
ת˲䣬Щҹħ㳯˹ɫһ̵˻δǰߣģ
Ȼ˷ҹħܹģ
Ҳһ˲ٻֻҩˣʹˣҲԵֵסЩµҹħ
ЩҹħӴ󣬶ұʵҲͣµǣ֮һħȾضС
ɷɷɷ
Ȼ䣬ҹħδӿ˹һģȻȥһȺҹħѽΧסˡ
ʱҹħӿδȴ𽥱ú䣬Щҹħʱֻһȣ
ڻµһ˲䣬Щҹħ·˶һ㣬ȫԭأһҲҶһ̣ǲĲ
ЩѪ׼ʥҲҹħǰȴ糼Ӽ˾һ㣬Ρ
ܿ죬Щ糱ˮҹħ糱ˮȥԲٲһֻҹħӰ֡
ô¡𰻹ûӦΧǵЩҹħȻ糱ˮһȥ
ڲԶ溿Żδ룬һȴɫһոЩħΪοȥܺ
ô죿ЩҹħʱˣȴȻҴ⣬ٻ˻δԡ
δ켫Ǳ˫üΣ֮ǰЩҹħ켫


1090 ̶֮
ܿ죬δѾϵ켫ֻѪ֮£Ǹѱǧҹħµˮйͨ˶ڷֿţȻȴƵòȥ
Щҹħ̫ˡ
ħ溲еЩͷƤ飬󣬾Ǵôħ
δҲü٣пסƵҹħӿǸܹס˶ҹħ
ɷɷɷ
ҹħˮλѾһʱƬ̣ҲԵֵ
ССħҪ񣡡
ֻڽһԪһߣǧٵʱ£͡һƬ죬͸Щҹħ
аɷɢ
Ľϧͬ˫ֽӡһӡѸٷɳЩҹħϣϷ̡죬һЩʵҹħʱһɢ
𡭡㣡
ָһҹգȻһƬ𺣣ֻҹħһɲǻҷ
ȻǼλڳʩչͨѧҲȻֹЩҹħӿڳвΪ͵ˡ
СЩҹħ̫ˡ
δһһɲǣϣԥָһһ֮ϣʱһɫĹ⻷
һɫĹ⻷תϢһҹȴʲôǡ̶֮ӡŵɽõĺ̶֮۵

ϳֵĺ̶֮΢΢һһ̣ȻҪʲôˡ
𰣬溣˺󡣡
˿ֻ̣δѾ֪Ҫʲô˵ϻŷɣɴ򡭡
ұֹЩҹħ
δعͷһۣ˵Щħ￿
ԣ΢΢һ£üֱƵȥʱЩҹħ̫Ӵǳ켫ֻ»
ʱĴΣˣձµ顭Ŷ飬ȻΪͨħҲһ
ģҲ¡
δԶЩħһ죬һϯصĳ֮˲ɢ˳ȥ
ǧ⣡
һɲǣ֮һн˲䱻˺ǲľʯЩҲɱҹħһ˲䱻ˡ
ǿ
һ̣켫Ǳߣ˽һŵŻδ룬ʮɣɣǧɡ
ܿ죬Ϊģɽд켫ҹħһ˲䱻סˣǰײУһҲԴǱ֮дˡ
ڡĽϧЩ֣ʱҲסˣû뵽˿µ
ԣ
˫ĿһĿһ˻δ۵ֻϣһ̣Ȼܵǹɳ֮ѵǡ
̶ۣ֮
Ľϧһ˼ֱǡ̶աԨǡաȪ족
ʱͷųɳ֮ѵǺ̶֮Ȼǿܹ֮۵ĳ̶ˣ
뵽˴Ľϧиһӵ˾˵ѹֵ꣬ɽѺۣƾһˣܹ޸ʲôˣ
һֻ̣δɫ𽥿ʼЩףǺ̶֮۵ֹڴˣ
ֻƾĿǰֻܶú̶ۣ֮켫ҹħ⣬ȫʢʱڵٽӡȫ⿪ĻһԱǶһ˲⡣
ˣ˵ʱЩҹħǧߣ΢Ⱦдͨ׼ʥûκܹѱˡ
ʱڳҹħŰȻһƬҲΨ΢ˣܵ˴ʱ켫Ǳߴĺ̶֮
ǡ̶
˷һ֮ˣȻҲ̶ܹ֪֮һɲǣ΢뵽ʲô˵ӦһŮӡұЩѰ£˽ˡ
˵֮ʱȻ䣬ֻһɨһȻ켫Ǳ߷ȥһ⣬ҲʱóǧҹħǱӿȥ
ʲô
ԱȻ켫ǱҹħϲЩȻ
޷
΢һɨȥϢ켫Ǳߵֻȷһ£ǷǺ̶֮
켫ɽϣǧҹħһֳӿ˹һδ㡭Щˣ
ǳģôô켫ˡ
Ա΢΢һδȴԣһߣ̶֮۵ĳ֮˲ɢ˳ȥһɲǣ㽫Ǻӿҹħסˡ
棬΢ָһ㣬üȻǺ̶ܹ֮ú̶֮۵Ǵͷ
Ա΢һü˵ȲҪʲôˣЩҹħԽԽ࣬취Щħ˵
˴̧ͷһֻۣѪǧƸ˼һѪ⣬ʵ˵ҹ֮ҹһϹѪħ׹Ϊһ壬ֻʱܹˡ

켫ֻδɫɷֽȻղٴδ߶̶֮һ£ʹģǳŲסˡ
ô
ҲΪģĵģǰЩҹħѪ¡
һѪħΪһ壬ʱϮĻ˻δ룬ûκֵܹסǺľûǿѹɣ¡׶༪١
û¡
δ亹ΣȴȻҧţһԶһƵ
ڿ֮ǰǺľȫҲһֻҹħ
ҪػģҲãǲҲա˿ػģֻһˡ


1091 
켫ڰʮһ㡣
ʱصʮɫ⣬ΧܣʮȻɵһתϢ
ֻʱ˫ۣڳҹʹ󣬴˿̾ǽĳ״̬һһ֮䣬ʮҲйɵĻš
һԣֻһҶ״ޣƮ죬ʶѾ࣬ҹΪںʮ壬һ־Ԫ֮վǿĴˡ
ٹƬֻ̣˫ӡһ䣬ʮΧתƽģڡ
һ˲䣬۾˫ͫҲӳʮӰӣһ̣о࣬һһľĸӦҲ˲١
һҶСѽʮȫں壬ʱգڼǷòܣպҲ𽥳ٶۣΪᡭ
̧ƣĴһԼĻԵ컯ʮֲԼЩǿ˾ϵĲ࣬òܣ
һҶֵʮǴӵŶһգСһ⣬ôǴˣʱκҲ޷СУʮߡ
лǰ
תȥȴһҶ״޵ӣɫһǰ
޷
һҶҡҡֵ֣ٶǰһ־С꣬¡Ǽ־ˣɢȥҲ޷
ǰһҶ࣬Ȼɿ׼ʥΪ磬ʼлЩˣǰλһҶǰĿǰҲܻһԪ־
ǰλһҶ࣬Ȼֻһ־ȴʶȻܹ˵Ȼ
һҵ꣬ҲܹϵˣգһСˡ
ֻһҶһ߻˵ţһʯ̨ȥһ¡һʯ̨ʱ룬ߴˡ
ʯ̨ȫ򿪵һ˲䣬һɫⶸȻ˳Ҳܵһʮִ֮ʯ̨ģضһʥķ
һҶһ̧ʯ̨棬ʱһϸ֮£һɫף͸һʮǿϢ
ǡ
һ̣Ȼܵ˴˼׵ķǷ±۹½ҲԽ䴩͸
һҶ໺̫ףǵһŵأ񣬴˼ڲֵܹ֮ǧеĹաСˡ
⡭
û뵽˹֮ڴ˴͸ߣɻʵǰȥ֮ħǵΣ֮أΪǰ˼״ϣ
һҶ໺°룬Ե÷Ƶ˵ȥħΪѹħδܹѹסʹף벻кηֱһħ֮ڣܻ
ԭˡ
һ˲䣬Ȼû뵽λһҶǰľ˻һʱȻ𾴡
˶թϹһȥ˲죿Ҷᣬɱ˶ᱦ
һҶǰȴ켫֮ˣֻԸףһͬǹħ
ɵֵǧСס÷Ϊ谭
һҶ໺˵ţָһǿеףʱǧƬ֮ףһ˲丽ϡ
һףȥμʧһ֮ȴܣȻ׿ȴš
лǰףлᣬ¶Ȼǰһ
˹֣Ȼֻദ̶գԷںʮͬʱҲϵ⡣
ǷӹҲã⾳ҲգЩ࣬ڣԷһף⣬Ҳء
˵֮ʱصȻһ𵴣ƺǴ
ɫһصȥʱȻܿ龰
һҶ޷һʣһЩԪ֮СѰȫ뿪˵ء˵գ˫ֲϽӡ֮УһѺۡ

ʱ棬ǻҲҹħŰԹ˲Ͼ켫ɽϣȫδԺ̶֮סˮϮҹħƾ켫ˣҲԵֵס˶ӿħ
δ룬㻹𣿡
û£ܳס
Ѿȥʱˣδɫǲ԰Ҳѱ亹ʪڴ˿̺Ϯ£ԼҲ·Ҫסһ
ˡδѾ֧Ųסˡ
棬𽼱ֱţֻǲ㺮֮£ЩµħȻ䣬ǿҪƱⴳˡ
ٴαòղѾܵЩħĿˣЩħһƷζԸˣ
ɷɷɷ
ʱԶȻҹħ켫ӿѪ֮£Ϊֲ˽һˡ
δɫһǺҹħҪܽЩҹħȫ⣬ټֻ¡
£Ҳ˲ôˣȻؿȴȻһʹԱ溼״ɫ΢΢һ䣺㲻ˣ
ɷɷɷ
ǳǧҹħȻ켫δ벻Ȱ裬ٽһߣһ㳹֮һ˲ɢ˳ȥ
Ȼһεĳ֮ȴֻǰҹħסЩҹħȻ糱ˮһ㷭ӿ
Σһ̣ȻһǾ֮ڻУֻһǧâɳһ˲㽫Щҹħûҷ
һ
δɫ԰ףڿ֮ϣһ׷ӰѳԼ


1092 ҹħ
޳
Ҳһ˲䷴Ӧ˹ղһλ˺Ľϧ˶ȥֻһ׷Ӱһ٣
һ̣δϵҲɢȥˣ̶֮۵Ҳһ˲䱻ӡ˺̶֮档
飡
һ޴죬Щڳ֮ҹħһȫ˳ˮһ㣬켫ӿ
֮У䣬ָ⣬һʱǧɹâɨȥǰһƬӿҹħһ˲ҷ
Ǻ滹вҹħӿٽָ֮ϣȫһɲǣؼԪ˹֮ϣȻһҫ۵⣬ӳһ㡣

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֮䣬һŨŨѪȣľֻĴܣ첻飬еصزӦ
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һ̣˽ľȻڴ֮ǰǵҲЩԣʲôΪħŮʲôɱ飬ħ֮Ƶġ
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Ȼ±ߣ̫ҹħʣµЩҹħʵǳǿղ̶ֳȹԽɱЩҹħִ඼켫
ʱħŰü÷٣ʮĹԪֻĹ󣬽ͶԸˡ
ǲЩҹħֻ½˸ˣЩûΪķˣڻܶڼеؽѣһҹħ룬ûһ˿ֿ֮ǣ¾Ѫɺˡ
ô죿ʧȥǿĹֻ¾ȲԥѾ֮ʱȻһֻ裬Ӻ水ϡ
δ룿
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δ롭ͣ£
һȴδڡԣӦǡˡ
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ͣ
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֮ϣҲо֮ɫһΪδ֮նɱЩҹħ׾١
δ룡


1093 Σκ
ΪδЩȥ±ߣȴǰɸ߿ա
һ˲عסˣʱЩӣζӳ£֪Ǻζ뵽֮ǰ£ϧľҲҪԼסЩҹħ
û£Ҫġ
δ뿿ֱϣһЦıӣ춼ŸüЦһЦ
üÿһΣ㶼ҵĻ
ߣǲҲҵĻԼˣҡ
δһ£ɫЩ԰ףʱЦݣȴһ覣ˮһᡣˣֻһ£˵ȥˡ
δһƿԭЩӣ𽥱죺ô˿أҵϡ
濴˿Ȼ˶Լδ룬һ˵Ҷɴˡ
һ˵δЩЦãʱĽϧԶ˹˿üʵδû°ɣ
û£켫µħĽǰǰæһˡ
á

ٶԣչŻδ켫Ǳ߷ȥ
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ֻǴʱһѪڣһ£Ϊˡ
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ȥ棬һ˵ˣ΢˵ͷдٺò
ȻһζԸλ׼ʥǱȥģﲻֻĴ˾λа׺Լһˣܴýȥ
Ľϧڵȼλ֣ҲҪһͬǰλˣ뿪켫
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ŴԣĽϧһΡ
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ڳ֮ˣЩɻ󣬺ö˶˵ģΪҪӡ
ֻĽϧ˫ü·ԥţ̧ͷҲŲҪСִ򲻹ڣڡΨһܹﵽ޳ˡ
̧ͷ˿Сǰһδξңڡڣھͻң㡭
ڳ֮ˣ˶ˣȴ룬˵ʮ꣬Ƿһֱڵ˭ϲһˣǷ񡭡Ҳ˵
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һ̣ΨСлл֣ԳڣģʲôҲ˵
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æҡ֣ͷȥСֻδ㣬һҪƽҵǡ

˵ͷһ
ǡ򹴹޳һƽ
һ֣һЦҲ֣޳һƽ
Цˡ
˶סˣԭҲԼЦֹδһˡ
˺һջ֣ߵĽϧԣ˵ĸҽ⿪ӡɡ

Ľϧҡͷһ̾һ̾ȴ̾Ҫ⿪ӡ
ѾĸҲ˵ˡ
̾Ϣֻ֮࣬Ľϧָһ˲ϸѨȥԼһյ󣬲Žϵķӡʱ
һ̣ɽǿһȵϴӿڳ˽סˣضϸЩţû뵽ڣǿһ

Ȼ˿ҲҪһʹ࣬ʹȥ
Ķ룬󷨹Ȼһ¾һǿ֮Χ粻Ъ
̫˼Ѿ˵Ѿλ󡣡
ڵ˸ԥȥˣĽϧȥˣҪٴνӡ
һҪСġ
Ľǰõġ
˵ͷһ̿ʹӣ֪ΪΣȻеЩԵĳء

ٽޣ󷨸죬Ȼһҫ۹â˶ۣʱû˵Ӱ
ǿտҲĴһɲǣҲƺȻտյģ޳һҪƽ

ĹһεȥĽϧһסˡ

ܿ죬һѱĺϣڵġ⵺ѾԶˡ
ĺһĴŰϵĽʯҲ·һŨŨѪȣѪڣ˵ʱδɹѪħΪһ塣
ǺǺǺǡ
ʱϺȻһڴ˵Ⱥλʱλô
ʲôˣ
һķȥֻǺϣһӰ˫ָÿһȴǰ˲˰ɾ룬ȥʮֹ졣


1094 
ӰԽԽʱſ壬ԭȴһĹɽ
˵ձδ봴ˣտȥѾָˣϢҲƺǿࡣ
һɲǣ֮ϺȻһʱ䱸Ȼ˶ɽĹʮֹ죬Ե֮ʱ򲻿ɴ⣬ôĶ֪
ҵ˭ԭա°ܽδǰźӰĹɽ
ǺǡСѾͷĪҪ˵󻰡
ɽɭɳƵӺƮ˹ֻɭɭһЦһǧֻΪ˵а˰٣Ǻǡһգ±˵øذɣգ㻹ٶ𡭡
ҪҪԣδȻɫƺûн
ɽΪ΢λ֮ϣˣΪѵ׼ʥ磬ҲᱻƹԨһϢ壬ƫƫδ룬޶á
ǺǺǺǡ
ɽɭɭЦϴӺ洫͸һ˵ĹɭȻѪ֮ҹǽëȻ
˵Ϊ̫ߣںڵ˽ԲҴ⣬ʱ΢ǰȥǺϵĹɽһʹ˺ҲδؼǴ˶֡
ڵŹɽϡ֮Ȼ޵һΪȴΪҪѪħ¾
¾ǺǺǺǺǡ
ɽЦɭֲˣɭɭЦǵֻгô
㡭һ˵Ҫһ̣ȴȻ֪ȥ
ȡ裬Ȼڴ˵ȺλλҪȥֻ²ôˡǺǺǺǡ
ɽЦһǺ洫Ż䣬ȻһֶڵǹϮԪ
һȴϮˣֻڹʧǺϣֳɽӰӡ
⻯
΢üͷһ壬֮У΢΢ɫ¶ֲô˶һڴԼˣԭ˿µ뱾ͬʵ
˵֮һ֮˶֮ȴиеͣƤë󣬹ѵãɽķ֮ȻǱƽˡ
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˶üֲɽӲ¶棬ԭڱչ
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һԣڵ˽һȥķ֮ѵƽ֮
Ŷ
֮ϣɽ˫һУɭɭķ֮ˣ˼ǡķ֮֮ˣ

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һкͱһʶһԪٻԪٻ
󣬷Ϊ𣬱Ϊһ֮ڣûܹɱ
㽫ɱˣҲ޷ֻһһԪѣܹзȫһ˲ɱ۷涼첻
Ըղţδ˵ɽķ֮˾ǰϷ㲻ϣ˿Ϊš
Ǻǣе˼
ƼԷʱ֮ɫɽеɱˣһɲǣӰͬʱ
ҲԸеһϣʱɽδϢȴɽһѹ͸
δ롭ģ
һ˲令˻δǰһƷ顱һ֪ɽǷˣײһ˲䣬ʱǧˡ
һߣ΢һɨҲһɽˣںͷڵȸ֣溺𰣬һɽսһ
Ȼռƣʵϣȴ·磬ɽĶ֡
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Ǻǣܡļŵĺɡ
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ģ
һȥ䡱һʯ˲飬ΪһƬޣǸգҲ˼Ѻۡ
ڵһˣʱһÿµղҪǱǹץסˣֻ²ҲҪˡ
ǺǺǡô
ŹɽЦٴ֮Уֻ޴Ĺֳˣһٶȸ죬һգۣѵǰ
ۼڵѾ޿ɱܣδ˫һʹѧһ˲ֳһƬ컨ɽֻ˽ȥ
Ŷ
ɽ˫ĿһɱδҲԣ̧ͷһֻۣϵѪѾȥٹãҪˡ
һȵѪħ׹Ϊһ壬ʱֻˡ
²ȥɽǸܹȥ໹һʱˡ
λ뾡ȫס˱𡣡
ʱԺﶼ˻δȻ˴
һͬ˷̫δܹƽķ֮
ԣλܹȫסı𡭡δһݣĿһ±ú
Ҳԥ³ɰڴһ٣΢ȶڵҲȫɽȥ˿ȥԱ
Ǻǡô
˴ʱȫϮɽһЦƷ֮ʱȴȻеоһʹһ̣Ԫʲôݺػһ£عͷȥȴδڰУ˫ֲϽӡһϺɫӡϳȥ
ǡ
ɽɫ΢΢һ䣬˿ǱʲôסһѾͷõʲô
ת˲䣬΢ڵѾɽʱֻƾ֮һˣһҪδ빥ȥʱԱȴһն䡱һˡ


1095 ƽ
֮Ȼȫסɽ޷ȥϻδʩһߣδ˫ֲϽӡҲдʣһ䣬ɽȥ
Ȼٷ֮С峤˾ĵķСʱҲ٣Ҳ֪Ҫ죬ʱҪȥһ˼ߵķк֮ѣ
ƣ
һӵ֮ʱδָһӡɽʱһƺߣɫһ±ɷһ˲䱻ȥˡ
ڵĵһû뵽ܹȥɽķʲôˡ

ɽɫһ±ɷеɱǺˣѾͷԼĪǵԼĿǲɣ
ȥ
һɲǣɽǶԻδ˱ɱ֮ģһˣͬһ磬δ빥Ϯȥ
䣡
һ죬ʱˣһɲǣȴһӰ˲䵲˻δǰߣɽһƣһ
Сӡ
ֻܣʮɽһһǰСӸԼ֣Ŷ̶һʱ䡭ǿ˶ࣿ
ܡѵ켫˽ȫˣ
û˿Ҳ⡣
˪䣬ָһһ˲˳ȥһɲǣ˶еһϣǿĽ
Ϊ𡱵ڣһҲס˺ֻһҫ۶ĿĽ֮䣬
ҫ۵ĽâǷ棬ȵϢգһ˲ƬǺˮҲ淭ӿ˳ȥ
ȷʵ֮ǰ켫ʮһ㣬һҶ
ǵһҶԪۣǵУ
ǿɽȽʥߵĸ֣Ҳδܶһ͡һһǽضһѪ˲ȥ

ɫҰֽɽ̧ͷһ̿оɫ¶һҶԭˡ
ŴԣڵҲʼŷӦոһ֮ԭ켫λʧѾõһҶǰ
ɽʱ˴֪˾һ˲仯һڵǱ߷ȥˣգ۾ʧĺ档
Źɽȥ⸽ĺ򣬽һڴʱѪӳ£Ϊ죬δŹɽߵķüˣӦ⸽
˵֮ʱŨ֮⣬ȻĵӰٶҹӰˣǰ̽
ϣ
ͻδǰ˹֣Ȼ̽ʹŨΪ裬Ҳܹҵõ
δ²˳٣֮ǰֹߡ
һ˲ٵ飬Ϣ֮ȥԭҪʱʱҹӰ˴·һʱŨҵ⵺ڡ
ڵķ⵺ʱ仯λã΢ˣҲҵ
һʱѾˣϵŨҲɢȥˣҲڴʱܵһ쳣ĿȥֻԶԼԼһڵ㣬žԽǺڵԽԽջһ졣
ֻɽʯƬвƣڵķ⵺ˡ
ˡ
ҹӰͣȥ˵ڵŲƣϴΣ
ˣʱҲʵڶǰ΢⵺ֻʱϻԶǿһЩ꣬Ĵ֮
ǵĻһȥĽƣһưѵ룬Ҳǲܣȴǲˡ
ǿƿơ
·ǲƣ±ֻ֮ǿнǽƿ
ȵȡ
δȻһ죬ΧӦȥɫȻأʵδ룬ôˣ
Ҳ֪ΪΣܸоЩԾ
һ̣δɫôδйأҹħϮҲûŹ
ʱ·ĵ쿴˿ֻعͷδڵģڴҵڣ

δ˫ü壬ҡҡͷӦΧ仯˵ܸоʲô⸽򣬿ߵһСǣȴǲڡ

һ˵ּӣҲһ˲䣬ʶ֮̽⣬ȻƬȴκһˡ
ʱ·Ȼһ𵴣⸽ĺҲδعǵصĽȥü
ʱѾˣѪµӰӣָƬ̣Ҳһü֮ʱѹЩ
ǺǺǺǡ
ʱ⵺ϣȻһֲֵͳ֮ʱչλáȻˣǾͶˣѪħ֮죡
䣬һƬѪһ̧ͷȥֻǱȾѪһѪһƬ
ĺˮҲһ±ѪȫѪӿ֮䣬ΪһŨŨѪ֣һɲǣ˾׹ޱѪһ
⡭
΢΢һѪħ֮졭ѪħֶΣѵѾѪħɹΪһˣ
õģֻǻѡ
δȴһ۶ˣʱ˵˿̻ûȫѪħΪһ壬ƬѪѪħ֮죬ŪĻ뽫ǣڴ˴
ҪԥˣûѪħȫںϣƵϵĽƣ
ǵϵؽһۣȻ͸⣬ٶԣһֻҩٻ˳ͬʱҲһ˲ǿ࣬һ
Ҳȡ˳ʱǧ⣬ǵϵĽƳȥ䡱һһ
ҲԥʩչͨǵϵĽƴȥ
һʱ֮䣬ף⵺𵴲ݣҲһ³ˣЩȴǸɫ֣ʲʲôˣҴ


1096 
ֻϣȻˣ㣬ʮʮȻһǰ˻֮ѽЩĸ֣һ⵺
ʱӰ´£һЩΪϢʮߣȻҲ֪飬һ°׷λѣ΢
˿΢վԣ׼ʥϢЩɵĸ֣ǲ
ʧΪѪħΪһ壬ϧ˾ԪѪᦣһ£ɣǿжԪǣаž֮ʿΪУλѵ;֪ҪΪŰһٴ
ʱ΢ǰ仰ʹĻ̻̣Բ
ǴǰǸǴʱǲе˲ɽԽˣµž֮ʿΪˡ
ֻЩˣȥǷɱž֮ʿȺ֮
һ뵽ջΪʸ֮ģ˾׹Ԩһ㺮䣬ǰһǵɽ𺣣˺һ£Ǻã
ô죿
һµղ˵Ǹ°׷ߣȥƺΪ͡
˼ãȻҲΪѣ˵һƱԪ˵ô죿ǱԪȥڤֻҶ³ҡ
˶üвԶһЩΪߣʱüȻǵһƱԪҲǵΪ˵ĺߣˣ
𽥱ýôӹ̽ƣҪڶʱƿƣҲһҪ취򿪽ƣĻֻǿơ
ϡô죿
ԣղѾչһֹԾƲĽƣض֣ټԪֻЩ
ɫȻӸµЩˣڹڻͷü֮ʱһ
䣬·˽һղǱ΢˵׼ʥϢţע⵽λԵǸ׷ˣѵǡ
֮
Ϊ߽Ըеһ𣬸ոǵעһֱ΢ϣûע⵽ˡ
˵΢˵ϢԨsţôǰˣǺ޾ƹ棬ɲ⡣
̶һ˲䣬亹Σ˿סǵģôߵΪǵ⾳޵Ԩһ񡭡
ϡô죿
ʱҲߺԣȥǻ̻̲ȻǵһƱԪҲ
Ԫһ˵Ԫ֮Ǳ˳һƣܴ˽ƣӵ棬ﶼûãֻҪһƱԪ飬ôԪ̻ҷ
С
ŰУˣߺҡҡͷһƱԪǲðա
ϡǲԸ򿪽󷨡𰿴ߴʱ飬С˵

΢΢˵ͷٶԣ΢˿ȥ˵Щ˲Ը򿪽ƣֻǿˡ
ֻˡ
˶΢΢üþƿϽƣԽϾһ̣ԽǶǲ
ٶԣԪһߣȫ£ʱ⣬һɽϢȥʹؽƣˣҲʱеϢѡ
ָһУҲһ³˳ɰǧâҲԥ׷׽ԪޣһΣҪƿϽơ
̼䣬ڸ־һϢΡɽһ㳯渲ѹȥõˣһ̶͸ˣһЩΪϵ͵ˣѪӿֹ
ˡ߸߽ɫһף૵Ҫǿ󷨡
ڶ˻֮ʣֻһǧɰ׹ڿ𣬸һɿֱϷӿ
¡
ڷ£һȸֵĺڣǽҡҡ׹ƣҲڳѺۡ
ϵ˽ŵĵѣ׷ȥԥٽһٶʱֹһһƿնȥ
һΣ˺ڣǵϲѳѺۣһһӦƣ֮䣬ֻǵ˽Ա÷˳ȥ
ƣλ𵢸顣
˫ü棬һ˵꣬ԣ䣬ѻһӰϷȥ
΢Լڵ˿ԥָһ˲仯һϷȥ
һϵɽ֮ϵʮ࣬ȴֵס˿Щ֡
ܿ죬ѾϷʶһɨȴҲӵĻϢѵٽʶϸ̽ȥȴʱһ棬ȻһѪ⳯
ϵģ
һ˲䷢ǵѪ⣬ȻӦһݡһǵѪ
Ȼˣǽգλɡ
ʱһͳĳﴫ˳Ѿȫˡ
ĵӣͳֲһ̶ǻ֪ԼʦѾħˡ
ɷɷɷ
Ȼ֮䣬Ѫ죬һȴˣ˽ɫһ̽䱸
ֻѪ֮УһӰʱģȴʮֲֿһ뻹ԭӣһ룬۾Ѫ죬Ѫħӡ
һ̣ĵӣʮЩˣŵòҶˣҲ벻ףΪҪѡħ
ڵҲס˺û뵽شգѪħΪһˣֹܽգؽѪɺӣͿ̿
ʱĿ䵭ѾħֻǰԪ
ڴΪҪħһҲģһ;У־ᣬħͼͼƾһ֮ö֮ħģɴ׹ຣ԰Σսħ
Ϊգܹôѱˣ֪Σ
ͷһЦͳֲֿһԭһѪħǿµԶ˹ţȻе󲻺
۹½Ѳ֪ʱУ溮â͸һɸϢĽɷ֮
㣬Ԫġ
һ̣䵽˼ޣеĵ۹½Ҳһ˲䷢һɺĽǲյԨ
ҪǾͿ㣬ûˡ
ͳһ˵꣬Ȼмһ׭
ֻǷ׭Ѫ֣Ѫ棬ٲȻǿӵ꣬һѪţüܲĻˡ
ǰ
ɫһףѪĿӣʵһǰܵĥ뵽ʦҲǱɱ˿ֻ޲ʱʬΣ
һ˲䣬ֻȫʢһɺɱ˲˿ڵˣҲеһ
صɱʵƽҽĵҽɣҲصɱ
Ҫ嶯
ܵʱҵϢҪȿӵģһˣֻ£һ˿׽һԪ顣


1097 Ѫħ
ýʱӵԪҹӰ˶
΢λڵˣȻʱǻ֪ģǧǰʥԪ񣬵ǶҪ֮ˣҲ
ǺǺǡ
һЦȻǵѪʱκһССǣ溵ģʦΣҪӵԪȻ
ɫʼղĿӵΪ˱ץߣ᲻ĶԷ
ֻǴ˿ԿԪΪвԽˣԽǲֳܱκν֮ɫ
ֻ䵭صɽǰԪȥϣ֪̫Ž֮ģֻǰˣãܴӱе֪ǽ֮𣿡
Ŵԣ˽һʲô̫Ž֮סԪ񣬾˭
ǺǺǡ
ɭɭЦţĿһһɲǣֱѪħǵͳµв𣿿ϧѲҪǽ֮ˣ
һ˵ֻ꣬һ̧ѪΧʱһѪҪӵԪɵ
ɫȻһ䣺ǰ
ֻѪ棬ӵԪ¶ʹ֮ɫɭɭֻҪʱ䣬ԪͻѪҷھͿûб£ӱˡ
һɲǣΪĵķԲʮѪ͸ǣ˶ľѡ
ʮˣԭĵӣһ̿ħ޲ֻţҶһ£ҷκ
һ䣬һ˲䣬ǰҪȥѪ϶ԷȴһʴǵѪδԶҲľѣģ
ɷɷɷ
ʴѪ˲ֶڿУ޴ֻһǰɢѪͬʱҲ˲˳ȥ
ɲӰ
һȣֻҩһ˲֣޾ʴѪ磬һ³˹ȥ
ҩˣҲҷ
һһɾɳ顱ʱҩ˳ȥ
ֻҩ˲ǱƵõǹ룬ˮ֣ĿǰʵҲԾѵħ
ҽЩˣȫ£
ֻĿ䣬һ£ʮЩ㾪˹һȫΧ
̱ý΢״˸ԥһ˲ҲȥڵˣʮЩֶһ
˫սһȼԪڶԷ˼ɣȴԽԽԱոࡣ
ݺ
һȣѪ֣֪ʲôаһʱֻѪڣɳ죬ȸ˷ӦһѪâѺն
ģ
Ȼ΢ȴҲһͻѪâ˳ȥ
ΨʮܹʱĹ˿Ծȫʱһ·硣
֮ǾȲˡ
Ȼ䣬쳣ͳ䣬ֻһɷɷɷʱһѪѪɢ֮ʱХ֮ϣֳһѪɫᦡ
ϸ֮£һᦸӿֲХ֮ϣֻеͷƤ顣
ᦡ
ɫһףָ벻㾹ɥЩɻ֮ˣȫж

ͷһЦĿһܿ죬ҲΪеĶ
һ˵꣬ȻָȥһѪ⣬УʱѪ֣Х֮ϡ
µǣжһ˳Χɢκοᦵˣؽһ˲䱻ɵͷҲʣ
һ̣˵ڵ˸Ŀ¶֮ɫʮˣʱҷɵĶŵһˡ
˾֮ʣֻһȻſԪѪȥ
ǰҪ
溵ʱĿѣ˲˹ȥԹ֮أҲ˵һرɣܹҲǵñɿµԹʴԪ񲻿ɣʱһΪϣ
һ˲䣬ֻգ۵˲䣬һչɲ溵ǰ棬ᦷȥ
һ
ͻȻᦳȥδֺγɫһ䣿ͬһǴʱѾ׷ȥ
ɷɷɷ
УʱѪӿܸХ֮ϣԹһ³סԪѪȥ
һ˲䣬˽ס˺ΪٸߵˣҲסɻ꣬οһѾԪ񣿼˲ͻᱻЩԹɡ
ԹɻɣԹ֮أ֪һЩԹɻǣôΨһҲֻأͬʧ䡭
һʵ̫ˣʮˣһ̶еѡ
ǵѪȺʱһ˲ϵˣһץѪɽȥ֮ǰץġ
ץסһѪ˶˿һɲǣȴȻԾԣѪ桭
ǿӣѪħ


1098 ɱ
ֻһ˲䣬Ѫ棬ԭǿӵԪȴһ±һѪ˲ֱ֮ϡ
Ӧ뵽˼򵥣ؼһ㣬ǵʥڤһ֮£֮ϣԪεǿ
ٶǰӱҶ֪סԪʱΪƸۣʧܣµʱǴ״̬Բűӡס
ĻǺǿ㱻סʲô취ܹһССѪϳʦڤ޵ڶܹǷӡˡ
һ˲䣬δҲ뵽ˣǵʥĻǣôױһССѪ
Ϊһһ취ҲûУԵڣûܹõֻؽ
ǣ˿ҲѾˣոץסǵѪʱһֻž¿ӣûκһ˿
񵱳죬Ϯ֮գһ棬ҲһıͻƣûϵһʵĿȴ
ϣ
һҪȥȴδһ¸סˡ
ֻǰУѪħһħʶֱϣԹҲһ˲㽫û档
һĻ΢ԼڵˣԺȻʧɫû뵽ʹԸ

ֻͷһĴЦ漴Ŀһ䣬һ֮ҲǸѣͺúóĵζɣǺǺǡ
һ˲䣬׹ԨֻеϮûܹĶ֣
ɷɷɷ
ƹǺѪһΧ
δ亹Σһ̣ٲԥ˲һ³ᦸȥ

һǲ֪˼κħԲʴ£棬ֻѪħܹȳ

ɭɭһЦȻһ̧һѪɫħʱδ뷭ӿ˽һǰδ㱻һħӲ˻޵֮ˣմȾħУ˼Ԫ
ԶʮЩҲĿɿڴһߣƺЩϣδ벢ûбѪħ֮ȾЩħֽ
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΢΢΢һܹú̶֮۵ħʲôˣ
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˫һȻҲע⵽ˣ˿̵ħһ˿ҲֽΪֻԵʣ֣ΪͲħɷ֮
е˼ĪңͬһԭҲħ˫ͫף𽥱Ѫ죬ҲѪħǵͳֲ
δûһѪɢȴûϵ֮ʱȴһֱעһɲǣصɱڱ֡
ˡ
ܵһصɱδʱʱţҪһ˲ܿȻˣһӰ˲ԣ顱һƣԡ
ۣ
һѪӿδ󵹷˳ȥȻħɷ֮ɸղ͵Ϯ˵һƣ书֮֮׼ʥӲһƵĻҲδػܹ
δ롭
ɫһ䣬һ˲ǰסˣԣָһιһöҩȻˣһʱ֮䣬Ҳѻơ
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δǿһѪĿԶԱߵǵӰ˲Ǳˣȴ֮ǰںϲжߵĹɽ
һƣȻվ˵Ǻǡ
ɽ𺣬ŴʱԼһƴ˵Ļδ룬ڱ˸ղںϵͷ֮ޡ
Զڵһɫһ䣬Ȼɽа죬֮ˣôҲڼǰͳҲò͵ϮһСɣҪȥҲδ̫ɽ֮ˡ
˵Ļδ뿴ȥֻɫɷףմѪǰ½Ҳѩ￪һ÷
ֻǰ߰Ѫʵ˴ĿģղһͣȻֻˣʱ˲ſߵǶȻֵһ£ղֲһƣֹ˶ѣ
񵭵ôϲڰãΪɱһСѾͷ
ɽɭɭרϷҲš
䣬Χʱ˻ûܹ壬ɽѳδһƴȥ
һƸǴűɱ֮ģһ˿أɫһ䣬˫ѸٽӡȻű䡱δʩչѱɽǸվƷ磬ֱƷ˳ȥ
ɽŽ׼ʥεǿǰֻǸպñƣ»δˣҲδ˻ܵס
Ʒһ˲㽫δ֣ȻڵҪʩȣȴֵסɽһûü֣ѱһǿƷӲƷ˳ȥ
ۼɽһ˲ϢδȻݱ֣֮˾ĺĿ֮ʱᦸȻһħʣƲʱӿݣ
һ̣±˾ŵľѣֻ͡һһѪɫᦣһ˲˺ѳƬԹҲһ˲䣬һɿֲϢɢˡ
ô£
ɫһûܷӦֻǹһӰٿȻɳֱɽȥ
ǡ
ʣɽɫһ䣬һ˲ɫģֻһӰȥģþһ㣬صħ
һɲǣɽ׹˾Ԩ޿ɱܣ޿ӣһ˲䣬·ʶԼСһʥʥкãܵйǧħ
ǧħʱҲ·Ϊһһˣ
飡

ɽһҽУǵӰ˲Ϣκһ˿ӵĻᣡ
޲ľ֮ʱȴһͷ׷裬˫Ѫ죬ģ飬ȻǱ˸ˣΪǿ
һƣ
һƣڹɽͷϣʱѪǺεȿµ
˶ˣʮˣڵˣһ̣˭˸ǰһĻ
һƣһƽһӽʥ˴Ѫ
㲻
׹Ԩڵ˽һǰˣһôôǱһˡ
ӡ
δҲסˣһɲǣԺֳ˵ɹĻþǸһģһˡ

һֵɽûü顱һǰΪ촷ۣԪҪ룬ȴȻ˰ɫ
һġֵһ½ɽԪסˣһ˲䣬ʧС
Ԫ񣬲һϢ֮ѣһ̣˶סˣվԭأһҲ
Χָƽȴľ£ɽˣֻǸոôһ˲䡭ԪҲˣ
һ̣˶ŵŰǸ׷֮ˣûʥΪôɱһŽ׼ʥڵʲôˡ


1099 
˾֮࣬˲ɵδߣҺøղһ£ʵϡ
һ˲䣬δҲӦˣְסұۣոֱ۱ѪħħʶϣʱѪħħʶĺۼѪħħʶʧ߱Ƴ⣬ѵ
ʬħ
һɲǣδͻȻ뵽ˣʬħղһ˲䣬ʬħˣôǿ׽ΪѽӽʥĹɽɱ
û¡
ҡҡͷһָֻֻ̣ͫɫֱˡ
Ǿ㵲£ղ㣬Ѫħħʶ룬ôڿȥһҲûУҸոջǿ
溣δˣڿӡҴ֪ˡ
溿һۣ𰿴ȥ𰣬ȥȿǰöܹҵ˵գһӣµöȥ
΢ͷλһˣҪĳλѾȳ
΢ȥ֮⣬ԸˣҲʼļƻ΢ȥˣԸ
û⡣
΢˵ͷԥȥˣλ׼ʥǿڣ衣
е˼
ʱԼ޶ãһЦ񣺡û뵽ѪħħʶҲ޷Ⱦ
ѪħعͷʬħҲ壬ССѪħкξ塣
һһʲô˼ʲôʬħ
˿ɫȻղ㣬ѪħһħʶѰ֮ˣʱȻѱħʶȾ
ħʶȾĽɶħĲȾܹ֮ϵĽħʶѹѰ֮ʿٸߣҲһһ㱻ħʶȫȾձǶħ
ղѪħİ㣬ΪҪ£û뵽Ѫħ֮ʱʬħһɲ˹
һ̣ʬħ·һ˲ǿҵʶв֮һڽѪħħʶˡ
һ̣ʬħ˼ǿһ˲佫ɽɱȻֽݷ
ܹѪħħʶܹǿ˵ûлǣȴ֪Բһͷ
ԽˣԽ˵ʬħѾȫˣʬħѾڳ糤֮ʱȫ֮ʱʱ˭Ҳ֪ᷢ¡
ղһ˲䣬ȻһָоָоڵʬħΪ¯ոյѪħħʶΪֶѣһգȫؽ
˿̣˪±ߵˣղŹɽ֮󣬴ʱҲŵò
ȴƺδɽκμɵʱħԪһߣѪپ̶ۣһɲǼ䣬·ǿࡣ
Ǿҿ㾿ж
սٿ˲һѪâٿȻղȻһɱɽʱѪħǲҴ⣬ʮһˣ϶ʱһâԵֵǺ֮ơ

˵һߣ˵ﵽŽƣǼŹ˱죬һ֮˿ɱȣʱҲȻҵġ
һЩУʱ򲻵ӾȲˣҲУҹӰˣһ㲻ִ᷸
ں棬΢ҲʮС˵Ϊ֮ɣȽ֮󣬶ΣյĸӦȴҹӰˡ
Ƭ̺󣬼һɽ棬ɽصóԼԼѾܹӦӵĻڣǴɽصﴫֻؽƣȴǷͬСɡ
һЩ
𰽫ҪصȥʱȻһһµص档
׺
΢ɫһŴʱǸ֮ˣһ̣оһԣ벻ٻᣬȴҪǶ֪ǰ׺ѾԭʶǸ׺ˡ
΢þòš
棬ɭɭʹŶۣ΢Ҳܹܵ׺ϴɱ
ѾΪĻˣİ׺ȥ
һܣҲ飬ü΢ǽȥˣԸ
㵱һЩ
΢˫ü΢һ˵꣬һصȥˣ׺ҪһƷЯɱɱ
飡
һƶϣȴԪ𣬸˿һƣȴƽɫ

ص棬һһ㣬ҲԽԽأСƿĽƣ΢һ·棬ǿƣҲ¡
Լһ󣬼صʱҲѾܹܵӵĻϢˡ
ԭһʮʶ磬޹֮ǰӦӵĻϢ棬κ˶Ӧ
ˡ
𰽫һصʱȴһŲĴ߽
ҹӰס˺Ӱһһ˲ʧӰİ֮أ
΢ڰ֮УһӰͬǺò
ڻ˾
ȻֵİӰ΢˫Ŀһֵôֻһˣءԣ㲻Ǻڻ˾
Ǻǡ
˴һɭɭЦԽԵأ΢Ŀϣ˭ҲǱĿģÿ
Ǻǡ
Ǻ˷һЦȻ䣬ѻһϮɱ΢˫ĿһȻˣȫһָ飡ײһˣʵǲ¡
µʲôˣ
΢˫˪һȻȫ϶˾ԭĺڻ˾ֻԼȻ֪
ʲôˣҪô
ת˲֮䣬ǺӰϮһΣİ֮УҹӰҲˣͬʱȥҹӰΪȻ΢ڰ֮Уȴͬ˸е¡
˫սƬ̣˭Ҳκβ˭ʱصȴȻһɽ巢˱仯ĽƱƿҪˡ
ۼɽһ˲ȥˣֻĴһ仰ŵˣ΢֪˭ǽգ˭ҲȲǺǡ
ʧ棬Ȼ𵴲ֹ΢ǺӰʧŵˣʲôˣ
ˣȥǰȳ
𰻰䣬ȥˣǰ΢΢ڴ˴֧ţ˴
ȵȣ
΢عҪ澿ʲôˣҪðȣɲʳڣ𰼸ˣѾʧǰİ
¡
Ȼһ𵴴΢˫üһ壬ʱתһɼǿ֧Ŵ˴
֮У֮£Ȼ֮˴ˣô˾ȳ֮ǰȻҲڴʱȥ
صһ㣬ڽˣֻǵ֮ʯ̨ʯ̨һӰǿӣһΣȴмˡ
ǰ
ȥʱӵԪ⵽һɼǿĽЩ΢΢̧ͷϳˡ
ǡСġ

˵ͷصص죬ǰϣǰСֻһ꣬ǰˡ
һô˵СӵΪȻѾ׼ʥˡ
ӵԪ񣬴ʱԾЩ˵ͷ˵ϴʱս
˴˿ΧסӵЩƣʵǰӦƿЩƣ
ż
ҡҡͷʵǸղŽʱ򣬿һ۵𣿡
ˡ
ɫ΢΢һ˵ղ΢һƣɽȻˡ
ˡ
ԭЩʱȴȻһͣƬ̣ɫ΢΢һ䣺ˡ


1100 
ǰôˣӺȻɫɫҲһ¸űý
ӴʱɫأûйͣΧĽƿ˿˵ҽƽ֮ǼǺãκһ
ǰ뽲˵ͷӴʱɫأҲˡ
Լһڿָ֮£ǲƿˣʱȻһ𵴣ɽҪˡ
һѸٻָ˹ٲƷ濴һۣ˵Ҫˣ΢֧ţǿȥ
˸ԥȥˣ˸ղ˵ĵطֻ΢һ˿֧ţʱǳʵ˾ȳ𣿡
л
ʱӴ˺΢һʱһֻһ壬ǡǿĻ꣡
˻֮ܲǿ΢Ѿ׼ʥ磬֪ʱƲǰλǵ֮
ǰγƺ
ĺѰ֮΢ʱȴƺΪǰһǰȻҲûгƴ𱲷ĻǧǰȷʵһǰֻŻһһ䡰ϼһƺ
˵ز˾뿪˵
Ӳδ˵Լݣ΢Ҳʣ˴ѾǱڱ֮ǰ뿪
Ƭ֮󣬼ڳ嵽ȥȻճ¡һ䣬ֻ˵˳ȥղԸ׺ʱȻа׺
䶨վ֮ۡһѪӿ˳Ȼղһƣ׺˵òᡣ

˵أ΢̲סһ׺ȥֻ׺𺣬ӿʼڣ˿δǰĻΪ
΢ģ
סʱʹŰ׺Ѿǲ𡭡֮
Ǻǡ
׺һЦصȻһǾһȥɡ
䣬ȻϮ΢һһ˲䣬һɫȻ׺ȥ
֮ˣȻǱˣǿӣֻ˫ֲϽӡǰâרԪ
׺һɫһ䣬һ˲չȥȻߣ˫ӡһ䣬һӡ˲ס˷·͡һǵӡմͷ֮ϡ

׺ʱһХʱѿֻɫǦ˫ͫɫӡģǸˣĻϢ
⡭
ɫһ䣬ֲøղҲ˲˶Էԭһֻܡ
Ѳ𣬻סң
׺ģֲХֹȴ˫ֲסӡڤ𣡡
һӡɳ׺ѲãմХһһ̴üĴܳҪ룬ȴӵùӵĸ֮
𣡡
һֵһɫӡһ֮ϣ͡һһ̶ʱɢֻ׺ʬصȥصĳ
һĻѼֲ֣ӵĻĿǰҲԶԶҪԸһССжѣ
΢ʱȴ˫˫סˣղôѶԸİ׺ƾǣʲôˡ
˵ز˾ȥ棬ȻСӿ鷳
ǰ鷳󣬿Ӳͣһ⣬ȥˡ
΢һ£СӣĪָ֮Ȼ֮£ǻԡСӡƺ֮
һߣŵڵһİ׺̾ϢǰҲʶһһ˵꣬׺ʬҲ漴΢뿪˴˴
Ƭ̺棬ʱܲѪ𣬶Ҳսһȼ
˻֮ƾƣʮͬضãһһʽ޼䣬䶯񣬾˼£ȸ֣Ҳ˿ĪܲС
һ㣡
ȻȫѪⷭڣķħԪһۣʱһѪɫӡϰ˻֮з츲֮ƣֱȥ
⻰˵˼ٱ飬Ҳû˭
Ŀʮ˲϶Ϊһͬһɳ
䡱һײʱɽͷ÷飬±ߵŷ֧ţҲܲסһʱ£׷׻档
Զ޲ľȻֻطƼתײȴأǬõ⣬ˮҲӿֹһʮߵ˻
ϣ
ԶøϹһĻһ죬ȴȼսѷĿǰܹˡ
ʱӿȴǳһɱĳޣһǧ꣬κκ¶㲻ʲôޣҶҶ֪꣬ҲûеޣʵȥҶңɱ֮ˡ
ǣ죬һʦڤڤΪϵ̫Žɴ󷨡ֻؽɱ޶
ڶǰ
ǧǰΪʥڷѾûκˣһʶ๬Ĺ÷磬Ψһ֪
꣬һֱ÷⣬ֻѪܹгһҲ÷硣
ֱٶǰʧܣԪ˥Ҷ֪סû뵽һ𣬾
ȵͻδȣٳ֮ʱ˷ǣպգѳڣˣֻһӣ溡
๬ŵģ˳𡭡ܹ
ǰ
𰾪УֻѻһâսȦǱ߷ȥ
Զ滨δˣʱҲϲһǰ
Ŷô
Ϯûжκһ˿ɵħӳȼһ̧ѪʱӺ˾Ϯȥ
ͿӶһۣĪģͬʱһƴ¡һɢӿѪǽһˡ
û°ɣ
ջʱԵɣԾԣһ겻ÿӿΪʶʱԵɣʵȴôɡ
û¡
ȻŶ֮ɫӺ䣬֪ղʣֻ
ʱ뷨ıϣԭҪĿģǾȳӣѾɹȳټ̰սǼģռ֮ʿͬ
ߡ
˽Բԥ溺ͻδǱ߷ȥҪߣһ䣺ߣôףѪħ죡


1101 ս
Ѫħ죡
ǿֲںƬʺȻѪ죬Բʮ·һ˲䱻סˣκҲѴӵӳȥ
һ̣ڵ˾ţԭĵӣЩʮĸֲ֣
ҪߣȷʵЩˡ
ϣɫ糣ܶס漴ͣüȻҲû뵽ѪħΪһʵǿ˶࣬ܣ뿪ˡ
ǣһҲߣ
һɲǣֻħǣȫħ˫۱Ѫ죬Ѫơ
ʮ˽ŵľѣ֪ĻҪ˵Ļǣǿ
ϼһؿɱ˰Ŀʵǿϣ˵
ߡ
һĿҲͬ俴˵Сӣǹ˺ԼɣѪħںϣڵʵѾʥһˣҪΪףͿ˿޼ɡ
Ŷ
΢΢һ״ԼϣûʲôϢǿȴһ۾ͷˣҲ޹֡壬εķǾж
ף
һʱһֲøղСӸӲԼУһû£ԭΪʮû뵽һףֲá
һ˲䣬Ŀ棬͸һ̰֮ɫǽ״ԼϣʥǿߣԼΣ
Ҫĳϵ⣬Ҵˡ
ʱĿ͸ż̰ʱ뵽Щɱ˶ᱦ֮£Ҷͷˣƺδ
СӣҪ˵ˣսپٿ䡣
ӽʼֲõԤУһ˵꣬ԥһߣʱӿһϢֱ˷ӿɢȥ

һ佣Ҳٴν۹½ڴ۹µһ˲䣬Ȼеһ˿·Ԩĺ䣬ѹදõ۹£ټãɷջ塣
ߣȻ֡Σ
ħϢһ˷ʱһѪ֮ľδ䣬һƣЯɱ
ģ
ʩ֮࣬ԲףȥӲħǵ۷ʱڣԸһ練ƣӣվѷǵʥˡ
飡
һײʱɿֻ⺣ˮӿֹȻŽƣҲԵǿʵ֮ǿڳκܱȡ
һߣһͦһʮر｣ѻȻɣ˲Ϣ䳯ɱȥ
ˮĽ㡢ݡã޼䣬飬ʵʵʵĿϾӣԷֱ棬ΨһƬɫܳΧ˲ǲ㽣Ӱ֡
ߣ
һߣʱħģȻȴ֪ľʱȻǿƽ
Ȼ⣬ֻ͡һۣѱһУʱѪĽۣǰñδˣѪħں֮˳
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ұۣؿڣѪɽа˻֮壬ֻѾĽ֮¡
ÿĽ
ʹΪ𡱵ڣҲɵðһڽϵ裬Ѱܼ֮ɴʱеĽҲòϣ⽣ף治֪Ǻ
һ켫ʱʩչؽʱһ֮ʱ˿ʩչ׽֮
ܿ죬ѾˣֻħϢһɳȥǿ׽ˡ
Σűϵ𣿡
һӣһ治Ϸ֮˪ǣʱηѣղǵȾ׵Ľ
Ҫ񣡡
־ŭħԪһۣʱѪ죬ֱԶЩˣҲ͸ˡ
ʼ䣬ܴ𣬾޼Ĺ£ڽڽڰˣħҲȥ
ԶδϵѾȶʱͿ˾ù£Ȼ뵽ʲôһԾĴԶƵ˫ֽӡֻâһѷɽ˹ȥ
ʱͿӶսȲѷɽϮ֮ʱѾ㿪ˣ͡ʱѪĽѷɽӺ棬͸߼

ʱͷһХһһǿδȥһ·ĽҲ˲仯촷ۡ
δ롭ģ
һȥ֮죬ѲԮδȻҲϵᳯԼ׼͵Ϯɹ֮󣬱չṦ𴦷ȥˣ䡱һһվǴˡ
ʱбּһӰȥ顱һһƽѪ˳ȥ˲Ǳˣȴ
һơ׺绹ģ

һХɢ״ҪٴħԪ֪ΪΣһ˲䣬ȫħԪǺȻһ㣬԰ӿջء
ԭȴǸղŻδ͵Ϯѷɽ氵ӡġħӡ֮ˣɢһ
ɱʦճ
֪ʱҲȥһֻ̣ȫڣȻűת˼ޣһͷʱĵ˫Ѫ
һƣǾʹ˶ֹһ˲䣬顰ű䡱ȻתһԴԴ˹

ͷһХһ˲䣬ħԪɢĹҲԴԴϱߡ
һĻɷԶˣ⡭⵽˭ħŮĵʲôܽ˵Ĺȫߡ
ȻһĻҲҲûԤϵģû뵽űͻ䣬ԼʶһĹ
ĿǰܹܵסĹȡȥֻҪϣھ٣
溣
һһ˲ȥ˻ͬʱһƴ顱һһ½Ѫ˳ȥ

ȥ˫ְ溼ϣϢ̧ͷÿʱŵģȻһ㶣ԭ˻δ룬ҲԼô
ûû¡
溻عҡҡͷҲ˹ղһ˲䣬Ƴˣһ꣬ضûаԼĶ
ű䱾͹ֹ֮ոһ̣ޣģѾ߻ħ֮ˡ

Ȼ䣬ͷһХԨ´ħХ춯أЩľѡ
ʦʦ𡭡
ǡĵӣŵɫɸ˵ڲϲ
һ֮
ֻ˫һ죬ֻһ̧һ¸սץ˹ӵʱ״ȻһҽУһ˲䣬סͷ˲Ѫǣ߸ʬ¡
һ£Χĵӣŵĵѣ׷ɢӣȻѱȴһҲӲȥ
Ѫᦡң
Ǳħ£˲ѪᦣԲʮʱɷɷһѪзɳһ㣬ĵӷȥһ˲㽫ЩӵѪǶߡ
ʦʦ𡭡

һʱ֮䣬ֹ˲Ϊ޵ǧӣȫһ˲䣬Ѫǡ
һĻʮЩҲѾˣħ˿£
Ҫʲôħûħʱ򣬲Ҳ˲ô
һ̣ȴüԽԽô˵ľѪǣǸԶԸˣԼܹص۷ʱڡ
ĪǣҪգ⿪ӡôһرڤ


1102 ʥ
ǽ죬һҲ뿪
һɲǣѪֻˣѾȫѪħģƤ룬ѪܣҪֲжֲʮЩ֣ѸŵĵѣվԭأҲҶһ¡
ˡ
δɫһ䣬û뵽ϹѪħղʹħԪɢǧ˵Ѫǣƾʵǿˡ
δ롭˺󣡡
һ̣ݷ˵溿ȥ溣Ҳ˺󣡡
ǰѾǸղǸˣʵֲ֮δ溱УֻǺϡ
ҡ
һҧŴʱѾȫħǳ˳֮ɫջĻŻδ룬ȥ
溹
˻һȴͬȥʱǼʵѾ̫󣬼ԷֻҪһƣܹԪش
溺δ֮Ԫ϶ʱ𣬵ʱȴ˹СӡҲ£
ʲô΢΢һ㶣ѵӾҪƾһ֮ȥӲʱ
ƣȻ̲ݻֻӼ˵ʬħѣ򲻿ֵܵ
ڻδ֮ʣȻѪȻֲϮһѪâƴŴ֮ȻԶЩʮˣһ˲䣬ҲѪӿֹһЩΪԵ͵ģֱѪ
һ䣬̫ǿѾʥ
˺󣡡
һһ½˳ȥһ˲䣬ֲֻסӡҲ˶
֮ʣΧȻе죬ֻһɫֱʣƬʺȻܲ쳹ؼȻһƬĩ֮
һɲǣ˶סˡǿĻ
΢Ǿز£ղɱ׺֮ʱǾڶԷ֮ǿ֮ǰǹɻɾ춯صĻ߼ֱر
ǡ
΢΢һֲÿ£ǰɻǵġʥ
ʥ졭ߣҲˣѪɷԪ
ȻȫѪɷڣ˫һ˷ħɷΪһɼʱħڸ߰ɣص֮УֱϮ
һɲǣֻӲɽ˫գƣ˫ȻŽӡ֮ơ
ǿн֮ʱһ֮ʣ
Ȼ
ƾ䣬ʧɫ
֮䣬Ҳʧȥɫֻһ˪̫Ļȣ˸˸𡭡飬𣡡
һɲǣۣһ̣Ǻ񣬾İȻҲе΢΢һϣⲻǿӣǵġʥ
ֶٰΣҲһ
ħģ˿壬һдȴָֻһؼĻȻ۳һһɲǣǴ̫ź֮Ʋ裡
¡
һ죬֮ײվѣ⵺˲ѿˮӿûһƬķ档

֮Уȴ󵹷˳ȥһ˲䣬˶ס˺ǰһĻֻѱ򴩣һµѪħԪ٣
⡭
ǿ΢ˣһҲˣٿӣȻŸղŵĳ֮ƣǷֺδ˸ţ
Ҳǵʥô
δʥȴĺ˻棬ΨһһʥǿҲ׼ʥΪʵѾɱκһµʥǿߣ
ղŵֻһѡ
һ̣ؼ쪣̹Ǻ䣬ӵľشħԪ٣һΪѾϣʱڲХֱֹͷƤ飬̹ǵĺ֮¡
鳾ҵĳ𣬽գա
ӿŴʱڵñһ̣ȴ˵ĲѱΣţվ׷䣬ء

˿̣ȴɱȻǰһӣһɳ͡һѪĽ˾֮£Ƿɽնȥ׼׽
ݣ
ʱһѪʬ˳ȥһ̧Ѫħȥ׷ˡ
Ѫħߣһ̣˺Ȼеؼ侹˵Ĳķ⵺𽥳ûˮӿûһ棬ʬ
ǰû°ɣ
̻عʱЩĿӷţҲһ˲˵˵ز˾뿪˵
ȥ֮ʱȻһɺⲻ֪Ӻδͣһ˲䣬ͷǹɲõԤУƺˡ
ģʼնҪ
һ̣һ֮ǰһֱģڣˣ溣ȥСӣտ
ǰ
ʱƽһ㶣һҲˣҲƽ֪鷢ȴԼű䣬Ҫ飬ʱһģһ
ʲôˣ
˿̣ɫҲʵʣѾµˣһΣǰ˻ĵˣոտӶǧǰʥ֮ؾ䣬ȻѾڰ˲ˡ
ˣĿǰĶ֡
ֽüʱһ֮һӰں棬ȴƽƣÿһ˽˰ɾ롣
һɳԨϢҲֶ֮һ˲䣬˶ס˺ڵȸ֣΢λ׼ʥһɲǣס˺·ҲȻֹˣֱһӰԽԽԽԽ
ʥǿߣ
һ̣ҲܵһɳɽѹϢ֮УһӰԽԽָоԽŨء
ڣһӰѾ˷⵺Ͽգ˲֮䣬ȴѸеһɽѹ
ֻɫۣòȴа׷¶ģӦһλߡ
ֻϢѵ澹һλʥǿߣһ̣˶ľѣǲ֪ߵݺĿġ
ʥȻ㡭ǧ겻ɻá
ʱǺ֮£һԲϵһһʥ
һ̣˶ӿȥѵǡǧǰλͻȻʧʥ
ǰ˭
˶ס˺ֲøղǿĻû뵽գǾȴ˵ľ֣
΢ǵסˣſӣһԭǡǧǰĺ˻ģڤʥ
ǰ˭ǧ겻ǶǧǰʶѵҲڤĻʥ


1103 
Ǻǡ£þò
ǰˣӷһЦһļ˾ʱԪô
һ¡֣ڳ˽һ㶣ѵǰغˣȻǧǰڤĴʥ֮һĲ»ʥ
ڤĴʥֱǲ»ʥҹʥʥʥʥֻ֪ʥ֪λʵͬĻʥ
뵽ʱǧ꣬㻹ϵң졭
˿̣ͷϵĶñȴһ׷ԲԵߣüһ»ӡ
꣬࣬ϢȴȻδ䣬ǸĲ£Ҫ˵ˣôΨһǱǿˡ
ʱ¿ſӣصҲȷץˣ㣬ԽһֱڰֱղŸܵĻӡ֮ȫȷˣ죬㡭
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¿ֻһǣղ˲ٱԪ֮Ӧ֪ڲҵĶ֡
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ԶһһһԪѾˣǱԵΣڤļʥȻ˿ô
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һԣԶ˸һ𣬵ʥͻȻʧѵǱڤڤ
²㣬ġ
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һڵ˽ɫһ˺͸ǣɱֻ¡Σ
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һŴԣ溶ʱֻеһϣһɲǣ౻סһ
һ죬Ų£ڤ֮ĶԹĪҪǣϣ
ǣϡ
䵭صյʥҲƸô㵱ѪϴǸʱ򣬿ǷǣϣǵУеҲֻǷˡ
ŴԣԶв˸еһɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰ꣬ɱ֮𡭡
ΨɫʱȻδ
Ӵ˿̣ϵԲһԵʹ࣬꣬ꡭ
ˣҿҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
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һΧһ±ú⵺ڻ³ˮӿһ̣ȴ˸Ҷһ£ʥǿߵ壡ֻһԪ
Ϊ֮ʱȴһܵĳţˣڤȴɱɱ㻹ǡôı°
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֣Ǵˣս棬Ҳκһǰ棡
ǡ֮
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Ϊһλκ£ܹͦȺ֮ף
ӡ
ǺߣδǰȥҲһ˵Ϊȥƺ֮£ղѾĹһʱҲԻָ
Ŷ
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һԣڵ˽һѵվҪ
ƨ
ʱԶȻһŮӵȣ˶һ
˲Ǳˣȴ𰣬ָֻŲ£ȻǰϵĹϵģ
һ̣˶ϸ˼ǲǸղŲ»ʥ˵ϸϸһĻֿܣϾʥûκ뷨Ļӽһ
ɻ֮ʱȴǰŶĲ»ʥ˵˵ˣҪôҪô֡
һһȻ
ȴգһЦˣվֻˣ޹ߣ͵ûĿģгһգô
˫ָ󣬿ŲµǽһҿԽ󽻸˶ˣҲ޻˵㣬ûҲֻڤһӶѣ㲻ΪԼеôҰȴܰ죬ʹȴҲֻ񡣡
Ǻǣе˼
˵һµɫȻЩѿˣһ˲䣬ɱ¶ȻִҪѰʥͳȫ㣡
䣬ֻȻһڷϮ˷˽Ըеһϣδһ䣺ģ
µĹƣüȿͣϸ˼Ȼתʮ޾ȫâʢ˫Ԫ䡱һһײ·ˮʱӿҪû
µĻҲһ˲佫ӡԷֹ롣
ǿ
ܹоʮ޾ں湦ټʮֻ¶Գ
ʱ˵ΧУһпؽ˴ʱ͵Ϊ촷ۣ
溣ǰ˺󡣡𰴫ȥһǵǱǰ
ǣ
˸ԥ̻˿ΧԷֹ⸽ڤϮ
ʱڰУҪһ˶»ʥȻ湦ʮɱϾһ󾳽磬ĿǰΪù⾳ʵ̫ǿ
΢˴ʱȻȥˣ֮ǰԸһ£λڤĴʥ֮һ£θȥڤ
ʱһӰȻзȥ˲Ǳˣȴǻδ룬ûκȥֻˡ
飡
һ죬һƣҲʱúˮӿֹڵˣȴǲСˣڷӡŵ±
δ룿
һֻۣü֮ϣֳһӡӡӲκεط
ֻʥ֮˶ѣҲ񡣡
δŲ£˿޾壬һߣз츲֮ƣһɽֱ֮·ӿȥ·ĺˮҲʱʮɸߣ


1104 ֮
·˽һʵһƽƻŮӣﾹǿ
ȻҲеԪһ𣬸ղһע⣬ֻϣû뵽ƽŮӣھһǿ֮ԣ˼
е˼ǱʥС
˫һɱȻһ̧жʱһѺۣѺ֮Уȴһɫӡֱץ
Զɫ΢΢һ䣺Сӡģڤĸ䣡
ס˺ڤĸǺεȿ£Ϊߣһ˸䣬ǻͨ죬ա
δ롭Сģ
һŻδ˲Ծÿѣ֪ڤĹ˶Ӳƾȥӡ
¡һǸ˺һ㣬ΧɽͷԱ飬ʯ·ֱɡ
˵֮ϣһ࣬δ룬㲻Ӳƴ
䶨վ֮δ봫ȥһϬδ΢һͷٶ̳֮ƣͬʱ¹ȥ
ߣ
ͬʱϮɲɽ˪˫һƥʱӿȥƵ̲֮ͣɵ
һΣҲδȥӲδα䶯ϻ֣һʱ֮䣬ֻлӰڣʵѱ棡
ͬѽɲʩչ£ԶϢĿϾӡ
󣬽֮սǣڳ֮ģڵˣʱסһҲһգۣ㿴ش
ս֮գᣬȻ½ģֻһԪɱϾڤһλʥϾѾʥǿߡ
䣡
˫֣ףɳ죬⺣˷ʮɸߣսĸޣġ
˿̲ɱһƣӰ˲ʮɣеתǺ֮
ѱ޿ɱܣֻ˫һʱת⣬Ʒ˲Ȼһ𴦣ǵϼɽ壬ҲһΪһƬƽء
һ̣ѸվΣ֮䣬ȴѸܵԷٴαƽʥ֮ΡɽʵԺв룬ʥǿȻʱѾʹҲԺ
һߣδҲЩʱ΢죬Ҳһ亹֮ǰֻħԪ񱩣˿ȥʵǿʹԿ⡣
ǰ»ʥûô񱩣ȴй죬һ񣬱رشʵҪ¡
ˣҲõ˽ˡʥûʱ˼ˡ
䣬ȻһɭĻһ˲䣬ٶԣƣˣϮ
գ֮䣬Ѹе֮ƣƲɵʹδѽ⿪ӡһʱ֮䣬ҲֻкΪϣ
Сӡ
Զһһǲ¶Ԫ֮λܹӲ
һɲǣȴĿ˿Ȼһ֮ʱ˾ע£ǿ֮һֱȥ
⡭
ˣͬڣǶȻһһֲȻֱâ
һ˲䣬ԭھ֮еĿӣȴͻȻǰĻ棬ǷŻˡ
˿ģֻسȥѰ죬ģȴ˲佫Ԫ֮Уһɡǿǿ֮
ֱڣӲŷ·ȻѲǵǸСˣʮ޾Ȼһһǿǿ֮ûκ谭
һɲǣˣûܹʱ飬Ψ£ܹʱһ˫ۣƺǺޱߡ
һ̣²һ㱣ô᣿СӵԶԼΪδʱ򶨡һ˲䣬·һִԼĵ֮ϣĵУԼ֮ϡ
̶ֻʧһɲǣ˵ѾȻϣ䡱һֻΧɽѣˮڣȻԶˣһҲֻеѪӿֹ޲Ϊ֮һ
Ȼʱ˿̣ģǱˣȴǲԼղһжǿԼСδʥôܽһƣ
ʱֻȻĿҵϢҲһ˲ȣʱȻδ⾳һ£ʼԸмһµ켫ܶʱ򶼴֮սУһȻδܹ棬ΪǵһҲͻƣ
ղţòһƣʹԼΪʱͻһޣ˷գɹȴ
ԭˡ
һ˲䣬ƺҲڿˣ֮Уһ¸Ǳɱ䣬һ̣жȻһԼҲеɱ⣬̫ˣΪУ֮ȥΪ󻼣
˼ˣɱ֣δʶ˲ܵһ˿ɱ⣬ϢƽȷӦ֮ʱЯɱһƣؿ
ģ
ɲǣѼһĻδ뾪УֻԪ˲令Уһ⧲վδȫס顱һǱһƴУ󵹷˳ȥ
˽һ˽һƣȻҲؽѣϣ
ȻȴֻǱһɴ󵹷˳ȥһʱʧȥ˿ƣδһԾסȴѪ˿Ҳޣһ˲䣬뵽֮ǰϴס
溺ҲӦ˹Һϴףоգ˼һȴ·Ҳ뵽ϱضǴ˱ס
ٿ棬ɫһ˪ʱ̧һƬѪղһϣԼ˴ˡ
Сӡ
ʱ䣬Ҫж£ڤ»ʥڳǵԸһһƻԼܴҪںεأ
һ˲䣬ɱ𣬷ӿƺ䣬һ˲ϮɱղŽһƣ׻ܴϢȴҲʱ˲˹
Ҫɱ
һɲǣ˺Ȼеһֻδһ˲䵲ǰʹԶľ룬ʱ͸ĺҲͻȻ׹Ԩһ
ֻδһ˪Ϻˣ֮ǰս²ʲô޷˫ͬˣɸոһ˲䣬ܵ˲¶ɱ
ȴ̤˵
δ䣬ٽһӡʱӿһɹֳͲ£ͬʱС
¡
һ죬һֻ֮ϣȻܲ췣һ㣬ľ
·ѾȫҲ棬δȴܹ˴ˡ
һ̣˫ʮֺ䣬صܹ˽磬ȻѰ֮ˣʲôȰһ䣬ڤ飬òҪ֣ĺ˻ģ֮
δ䣬ʱ˿̣绨ĹµƣŮһ㣬Ų£Ҳĺ˻ҪʲôգҶһԡ

ͷһЦôвңˣСӺһ˲ͬҲһȤġ
˲öͷ³ֻ
һɲǣδ뵱ȫ˸ˣ˪ֻ󲻺
ɫһ˲Ԫһ̣ܵһɼǿϢԼӿ֪ΪΣͻȻִǰŮӣʱƺڸղС֮ϣ


1105 
¡
һƶϣܹ㷭ӿֹ棬ȴûκζҲΡ
һˣ΢΢һȻǿڴˣд󰭣ɴʱģϾֻһ
ʱδȻһξ棬Ǿʹȥ·ҪһԪ񣬽°ա
Ǻǡô
ǧ֮ãû뵽գȻһëѾͷве˼
ǾϷ򿴿ʲô¿˵ֻ
ȻƴʢȻһСС֮УҲȻд֮ƣһ˲䣬չƣֱδ
ȻˣԼ
һɲǣδñҲƴǰǸˡ
δ䣬ֻ˫ֲסӡüȻһɫӡӡȴüĵӡˣ
ϣһ˲ʮɫ⣡
ǡ
һ˲䣬ֻеһϣԭϮδһƣ˲ɢޡ
һ˲䣬һڻδʮɫ⣬һɽѹϣҪҲ飡
ܣ
һɲǣ¾Լ޷ˣи¶˾֮ɫһ̣·һǧħϢѹ
ôܣ
޳ʥʥһǧûκܹ˾޴ѹǰʮɫ⣬ʲôѵǷ֮֮ˡ

ͷһХ߶ԷʮϢʼѹҪǣҲ飡
ܿ죬˫֮УѪʱ߷˿̾һϢҲܲסǾʲô

ٴһ𣬼ȫȴѣѵҪñԪ֮𣿿һ˵ľͲˣԪ񡭡
ʱ˿̣δ˫ڲϽӡʮɫԽԽǿңҪɱǰˣ
ǣԼѾ֧Ųסˡ

ͬʱĽ֮УĵֻĿһ˲䣬ͻȻӦʲôȻ˫ۣСáˣ
һ˲䣬ֻ˫ͬסӡǰ̳һ󷨣֮Уŷӡűֻڶ̶Ƭдȥϰٵӡӡ

֮УδͻȻһƺߣɫһףʮɫȻʧһ˲䱻˷ӡסˡ
ڵԴϢʱǲŵؿ·մӹŹ߳һȫѱ亹ʪ
Ƭ֮ŷӦôʱɱʱ
һ˲䣬¾һƳδ˹һ˲䣬оһӰɽ顱һһƵֵ
δ룡
ˣֻһ죬δסɫ԰ףĿȻһ䣬¿ȥ
Ǹղ£ʱǺ˪񣬲Ҳֻеһ䣬ߵԼ˹ʲô£
˵ز¡
˪䣬ݷ˵Ԫһߣһ;ӿ˹ȥ

ʱ棬ֻϣղźȻĲƣʱѾɢˡ
ղţȴв˶ŵòҶϺȻĺƣһ˵Ŀ֮·һ˲䣬ܻ⵺ûκһӵõ
˿溺Ըмľ֮ǰʱǼδ췣ʱ˺Ž췣ֵ
Ǹղܵģ췣֮ĳؽɣκҲȥĽɣ
ǺĽ֮췣Ҫֲĳ˲ܹһеֻأ֮ϡҲ޷Ľɣ

˿̣Ҳ̧ͷǾ֮ϣƽȥֻ֣飬Ҳ𽥱ЩȻ
֣һǰʲô˼
ȻϺƽɢҡҡͷû˵ԱˣҲ˼ǣȴδʱãȻ顭ǰ˵ʲô˼

ֻ˿飬ȴɣʱȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲֻһӰ˽ղŷ£
ֻһ£˫ü棬ǳδĴ磬š
û£Сãϵ֮ˣҲ֪δһƤ
쿴ͻȻţһɫ򶨵ؿ˵
ʱֵ򶨣ҲһۿղŹϸǻԣ֮ѵ
һɲǣ뵽ʲôһϲŭɫһϾ¶֮ɫ죬㡭ôıţ¡ǣø֪ˡ㣡

쳤һ̾꣬ʲô취ѵ֪һ֮𣿡
ãϵ֮ɫƽüʵǸղô£Σ
İɣѾ׷ӡסˣ£ֻǡ֪Сʲô鷳Ż˴󵨣Σǲ֪ذ
ҡͷһֵ̾ϴȥ˽ĿܣȥˣܺáǺϲ˼䰡ҲԸٻˡ
ŴԣҲüˣôأΨһΪħ֮䡱ĵطͨ˽硣
ǵ֮޷ͨħ֮䣬Ǵȥ˼ģʵֻĿܣԼһģһ

⵺ϣ֪˶ãǲǻδ벼µĽ磬ʱɢˣֻӰ˳ȥƺǱ˴ģ
δ룬
һ½סֻɫҰףȻ˸ղ棬չһգǲУűһƴ˳
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¡
һ̣ǿҲ̲סһֻʱĲ£͸ղŵȫͬˣʱϻƣ·ɫĻ棬Ҳϰٵӡ
ϧȼ˱Ԫ
һΪʥףԪһģҲֲˡ
λʥеԾһ򲻹˾ȼջԪ˿̲ȼ˱Ԫ˵ľ;ֻˣԪ
ϧ˱Ԫ񡭡
ӸסˣȥֻѪȻܹƵò²ϧȼձԪʲôѵòǣ
һ̣ľٶʹ˿ǣֲֻ˲ǵѪһ̲ûбʬħȾļ
˿ûʬħΣƵòȼձԪ
Ǻǡ
ЦһŴʱҲЩǱĲ£϶򲻹˾ԲУҵҪжٻԪȼգ
һ˵ֻ꣬һӣ۹½˲УȻʱѽȴ͸һŨŨѪ֮
ԭԼѪˣ
񣬻ϵѪ࣬ҵѪԲĻ꣬ǡ
Ŷ£ЦһںߣֻеһͷĿѣСӣСӡ۹½Ѱ֮Ǻ
һ̣µҪж£Ҳû뵽һСƵȼձԪ
һɲǣɱȻʱԶҲܵˣӸ΢΢һѾȼ˱Ԫʲô
ֻ䣬͸һɿ֮ɫѾȼձԪҲⲻ˱ԪˣȻˣգΣϧһдۡǲϧκδۣҲҪɱȡǣ˷ʧ
ˡ
һ˲䣬֪˲Ҫʲô鶸Ȼһ䣬£Ҫץ޷Ҷѣκ޹أҾڴˣұǣԻԪҿȥν


1106 
Ӵʱвȴ˿Ҳ壬϶ֻ鼱֮˵˵ѣԲԻԪߵҪԻԪ񣬾ܻٱǣСӵԪ񣬽նˣ
ˡ
ۼϵĻϢԽԽǿӰκ֮ǰ˱Ԫ֮ʱڣԻָڲпµĻ
һ˲䣬ֻϺȻһɫնǺɫĻ֯һ𣬾͸֧֮𡭡
ؿӸɫһ䣬ǡĻɷˣ
ʱҲԸܵˣڲϣһɿֲϢԽԽǿʱһԭڲֹĺˮҲһɲǾֹˣ
СӣҶĻɷҲòԩˡ
һɲǣǱڳ˽Դ˸Ȼ˿ӣû֪ʲôĻɷ
ĻɷǲµһŻԪΪȼ֮ҲȼԪķʽʱڣԼý޵УͬʱΪھž֮£ʵܹ
ʥʮھžǷˮ룬ʥ֮˵۷֮Ϊ̫ʥ֮徳徳̫徳Ϊ壬̫ʥߣѽҲʥ˾ž֮
ʮͻƳɹ󣬱̤롰֮ӴֻأԼ಻֮С
˿̣Žӽһʥ˵ʵǶĻɷ֮ʵֱ
һʥʵȴرͬߺԪӤߣڷ˶ԣ֮ˣߵʵһ
δ롭˺󣡡
һɲǣѾܵ˲ǿֲϢһɡʥһ
Сӣ˭ҲȲ㣡
˲Ϣ䣬¹ɽһֱѹҪǣҲһ㣬ӣһ̶Ťֻһͷ׷ס
δ롭˺󣡡
һǿֻͦϣΪĿǰǲµĶ֣Ψнŵ۹֮ƣܷŤתǬ
һ
һƣ
˺ȻϣʱɽХնƱһڳ֮ˣ޲󵹷˳ȥ
һЩΪԵ֮ˣɿֲ£ֱӱκ汻²һӡ˭ҲӲߡ
һ̣ľѣͲȥģȴǰ
Сӡ
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ӡ
δɫһһ˲ǰסֻȫѪ˳󣬲۹½͸˽ȥղһƶϣýּˡ
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δ롭㲻Ҫ
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Сӡ
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һɲǣϣһк˼ޣĻɷҲ˼ޣ
ֻϣʱȼɺɫ𣬻ɰɫ棬Ϣһ˲䱩ΧҲŤ˺ˣ¡һ֮ϸƾۼǡ췣
ǵ
Զ˽Ѿ΢λ׼ʥһɲǣҲ޷ˣ췣ĵ
⡭
ɫ䣬ǵû뵽¾˷񣬵治һˡ
Сӣȥɣ
һɲǣ˵һ㣬һ˲佫ޣ˻һâһƴ˹
һ㾡ȫһ۳ܣʩչóڶιˡ
ƬգҲͬ˺һ㣬ʱ˿̣Զ˶ס˺ǿѹ֮£Ѿȫľʧȥ˸оҲ޷κһ£
ۼһƴûκһ˿أδĿǱʲôݺݴһ£һ̣ѷǰǰߣҲһ˲䱻˳һƬ覵Ĺâ
δ롭Ҫ
ǰһ죬Ŀѣһɲǣϸϸ֮ǰϤҲһգ̨֮ϣһģһ
δ롭
ԶҲסˣˣԼڳˣסˡ
Բǿ͹ƣˣҲκһ˿Ŀܡ
ǾͶȥɣ
һɲǣµĻȼ˼ޣ罫סȻɣ
һ˲֮ʣȻһӣϵף˲仯ǧƬϷ˳ȥȻһ˲䣬˻δϡ
ӡ
ܵ״ıϢδһͣһ˲䣬ѿԼȥ
ɵѾͷôܣÿһζ㣬ҵǰء
ӶӹǴǰ˭ڶૣһ̣δʲôҲˣֻҪץסȴֻǣһƬ½ǣߣһɲǣȴ·ңԶľ롣
£ͬھôǾɡ꣬ˡ
һ˲䣬ޱƽ۹һףٻһâ˲˽һϢֹ
Ҫ
ڻδ˻ߵĺУֻһƳ´ȥȫģǲٱκһ֮Ȼƴʯ֮ģ
Ҳһ䡱һͬʱ˶Էֲһɲǽ⵺飬ްӰӣԶˣһ˲Ҳ󵹷˳ȥвֱ׹䵽˺δ֪
ǰУʱҲûһѪӿˣƮ˳ȥ
£ͶĻɷ㾡ȫһѾһ˲飬ֻһǣ϶ȥ
»ʥ꣬Ҿˡ
·ʣŲһǣ˲佫ֻؽʩչ˳ȥֻɳ磡
һĻ˽δϵ
һ˲䣬ǰԼһ¾ֵ˼ޣҪ룬ղŻ𣬴ʱλˣ
һ˲䣬ҽжûüһ㱻ǰţһʧ
ΧڻָҲֹסˣһ̣ѾʲôҲ֪ˣѣ˫ۡ


1107 ɽ
ͬʱڤ±һѪӿɫɷ
һû뵽һ߷һԪöԷˣʧ֮
СӡҲ£ؽɱ㣬죬Ҳ밲Ȼ¡
һֻ̣µ䣬һ˪Ҫ£ж¡

ʱ켫һ¾˹޳
ʵҹħϮŹȥһҹѣ󣬽˴͵ߣ˹ȥֱڣžѹ
ôˣج𣿡ĽϧһֱĴߣδ뿪ʱѹʵ
ĸңҡ
ɫɷףϽһ亹δ˵꣬۾һºˣʵ棬޳ˣ˴ˡءĸ޳µĶԲԣӦңһƽ¹
Ȼˡ
ĽϧӣϴЦݣȴһ̾οֻ²ֹǳǳϲˣֻһˣġ
ֻζѣǿû˵Ҳ⡣ʱ𽻹ЩģĽϧЦݣڰο
޳µģס
ɫԺһЩ壬ȴȻ̲סš
ֻղŵξ̫ʵˣʵһһľÿһˣǵǸطΪλ߸ߵɽ塭

һһ
Ʒ紵ͣ⵺³ˣ˶ɵ˰УУ壬Ѿ׹ȥ
δһһ˲ɹȥֽסˣһɲǣʲôе˺䣬࣬Ҳֹͣˡ

һ̣δǱһֻͣǽ˾Ǻˮ׹䣬Ҫһ𣬳Ǻס
ϡ
ҲӦ˹һ·ɹȥǶˣδ뺣ˮһɽͷϡ
±ߺһ˶ؿɽͷϣһ˲˹ָһü֮ϣҲŷ˹ͬ
Ƭ֮˶һۣɫãδ˹ʵ
˫üھ飬𡭡£㵱湻ݣϧԪ񡭡
һɲǣһ˿º⣬һΣСΪű˵֮ذ
δ֮󣬶ʱֻеһתٿ溣ɫҲͬ԰ֽһأҲûʮȫˡ
ô죿ô졭
һ侲Ļδ룬˿ȴ֪룬ƺһˡ
ɫҲһҰףôˣûһΣ˵ء
ҪȹסԪ񡣡
˫üĩԥĻһ˲ʩչ˹ֻ̻ȽԪȹ˵
ǰΣ
ʱڵҲо֮ɫȴǵڣŸղŷһĻ
û˵һŽ𣬿ڵ˵Ȼ켫Ҫȥһطֻˣܹ
Ŵԣڵ˽һ㶣ϴη·˵ôأλ溹ﶼܹκãѵ溹Ҳûа취
ֻܹˡĪǣ
һ˲䣬ں˽뵽˿ӿ˭ɽӣ䲻еڶˣҪӾˣҲδؿڡ
溣ߡ
溿һۣٶԣȥǷȴǻ켫ķ򣬻δˣҲȥ
ں棬ǾֱƬ̺󣬺ˮӿ⵺Ѿȥˣֻɽȥ

뿪֮󣬿ӵһƬɽ֮УǰƲ죬ɽص֪ǰ·Ҳ
ֻüһۻԲѵ˵£ֻžȵֻǡ
˴ϺȻһɫɵǣڰ˻ĵ
˲һ߷ڶ֮Ŀãֻ²ձҪɱž벻ڤ֪ܣ˫ʣѾǵжˡ
ڣĵ飬ֶһڤҪץڤֶΪϣ̫ܡ
ô
ü΢Ժһ»һƮƮڷѩ֮Уʳ˼̻ӡ

ӵͷ˿Բѵ˵ֻܾȵСӣɴȥɽ֮ңҲҪշִܵ
Ȼˣ²˳٣ھȥɽʹ
δüһ̣ԺֳָɽѩʹλƮƮʳ˼̻ӡ


1108 ʮ֮
ǧɣˮ̨ɾԶ
߷壬վ壬ǧǹº
ٶǰһʣʹ÷һˣֱΪ֮һʹ壬𽥻ָ
Ҳֻһס⺮ķϣֹˮ羵
ֱʮǰһӵ꣬ʹչºҲ˼ֻ֡
κΣԹ࣬࣬⣬˿ࡣ
ʱһȥʱͽࡣ
˶ⶣκΡ
һˮ̨컨Ӱ裬ˮ䵹ӰӰ˶
ʦߺÿʦһʦһˡ
̨֮⣬ʯӰˮ󣬱㲻ټǰ´ŵʦ
ʦһʦ˰ɡ
ˮ仨ӰԼǰ꣬壬ʦ˵ʦֵʮ塭ʦյĵһӡ
ˮʲô
ʱ̨̲棬Ȼ
ʦ
ˮһŴʯͷ˳С˵ҼʦһԣԾ͹
һ˵ţһ˹ȥȴֲֻʦֵ£ǰҶʣˣǲʦģΪʦģҲκ˵Ҳֳ
һ̣Ļ׷ʦͽ˼ϣϡ
̨֮⣬ƣżɺӰˮճյ֮ʦֻ
ʦֻˣʦңǾˣÿǶ￴
˶˵ʦħʦֲûءʦ˵
ʦһ죬һɡҺʦһ仨
ʦ֣ʲôʱŻأҺʦڵء

ããɽѩ죬ʹѩУȴɽɾֻж̶ٶ꣬ʹɱžȴ˲֪˲
ʱѩͤٻӰѩһ˵ĻһƮƮϵɴȾ˳ü֮䣬͸һɾ
ɱž˽֪ġӡһҽһɲΪ

ʱȻǳѵŮӣմŷѩǸմ

ͤѩ׷ף˵ͷǶ˵Ѿ֪ʲôˣڵ飬ɱžѴ÷з
ȥɡ
ǡ
ӹ˹֣ٶԣ㼴Զȥˣֻ£ǳǳӡܿ죬ֱĴѩڸǡ
Զɽ⣬Ǧܲصܹ˲һԪ㻹ǡб¡
һǰ㵽ˣʮ֮ڽֻǲ֪һΣ˵Ρ
ʱѾصʱӴҴҶ桭ˡ
ʮǰǴͻδ룬пӣʹûô¶棬ʹĵӣȻǵûδҲ֪޳һˡ
ǽɡ
΢΢˵ͷ׼գӻʱ䣬಻٣պá
һֻڼʹӵĴ£Ӻ溵˽
Ȼδȫ溺ͿӣһֹסƣһȹԪ񣬷⼸֮ʹӲ
ǰˡ
ʱһ߽統һ㣬һŵǸƮһˣ֮ǰԺӣһģһ
˿̣ڵϵӣȻ˵ĽȻ䣬ֶԷңɼĸоɱž˽֪ӡҽܼ
๬ʹ£ȻѾ֪ٶǰǸʱû๬ʹֻ֣֮һϹҽ䣬ֳɣճ׷ѡ
⼸๬һֱû״̬ʮǰֱӱˣʹӴ£ɱžžصĵλӱˣҲ뵱֮С
ձĻӦһʦ㡱ΪѾ๬һˣҲ÷ĵӡ
÷ӵʦȻѲ๬֮һĹҲӴȥġ
ʱĿҲͣƬ̣ܿ죬𰱳ϱŵϣտӣһΣ˵úء
ӿλӣң뵱꣬鹬ʱֻǸʮСѾͷ
οа취
£Ҳȥˣֱӿżɽص
Ҫ˲֪
ӿص
ʱӴ˵Ҫ˲֪Ļ˵صˣһڣܾȻ
𰣬ȥʹδվԱߣС˵
ǡ
ȥˣʱְ£̶һ˲䣬֪Σ˵һ໤ԻԪһ£˵þͲôˡ
ü΢ʱһ˵Ҳ죬ʥһжأκ˶˵ǷھͿʩȣ
Ȼ
ӿصʮǰʮȻֻǡ
˵˴ĿϣԶһһΣġ
ȻԼʻ΢΢һ̻ع˵ͷǡ

ӵ˵ͷδԣ·ӵѩȥ
ǣʦ𡣡
ǰһȡһܣ̧ŻԲѵȥˡ
Ҳӵ˵˵úأҾικһˣҪأϡҲ֪ʱܹҪܾáڼ䣬λʹҲɽ޷
ȵȡ
δȻסŵʵ˵ĺܾãšʲôʱ򣿡
ţ
ӿ˿˵п꣬Ҳпһʮꡣ
Ŵԣδסˣ溺ˣ˫ĿԲЩʱĻΨüͷ壬ĻΣ
Ҳκ˶һжأһƺΣδǵʱϴףţֻҲӵù
Ǿʹס°ɣԺһǰסȥơ
һ˵ţһȥδ뿴ӰһУʹˡ
ͣ΢΢תͷ˵о仰Ҳ֪
Ȼһ˵δ΢΢һ£˵ʹʲô˵ǡ
ӵʮǰʱ˵ʲôػǵá
ҡ
ŴԣδͷָҲʮ֮ڣ֮ģһֱϣȻ֪
֪á
Ӳٶԣֱȥˣ𰻹һãȻӰʧ󣬲δʵӸո˵ʲô


1109 
ûûʲô
δҡҡͷȥķ򣬹ʱʹĵΪһ˵λ
£˱⼸ʹĵȥ˵ͥԺֻԺɽʯ׾ˮ䣣ǽ÷ӭ
δȴȥͥԺ֮ҲĿѩﻹŸղӵĻʮ֮ɲ֮ģȴδҵ
ⲻ֮ģ־ʲô
һѩͣˣǧɽӳյѩ覣ɽǳѩ׷ףɽȴɱžطࡣ
Ȼڵɽǵ棬˻Ҷ֮ҲȻѷɽ֡
ʵҹÿÿܹɽһâЩǸ۶ɣҲˣɽˣκεطҪá

ʱ͸һɺ⺮ȴˣ˵Լˣʮ档
ӱչĵطҲֻܹν棬ˡ
˿̣һֻһƬɫĺ̲ϥں룬Ѿ£ܹһƬĿĵˣ¡
˫ƽϣ⺮ĺһ˿˿룬޸ľԼһϵĹ
ҹһҲδ뿪գЩˡ𽥿ʼָҲ
ˡȴǺõô죬ȻҲûа취һʵ̫أ˼ǣʹ
ҲˣӶԽԽеˣˣ׼ʥΪ˵ʱһ˵񣬱ǣҲѱȻֻ˻Գ˯
Ҳȹˣɴûκһˣ·ȫ£ܡ
һ̣Ӳ΢΢üһ˲䣬ֻ˫ֿٱӡת˹ʹԼ棬һɲǣָּһһµü֮ϡ
һ˲䣬Ҳ·ڤļţһɲֹͣˡ
һ̣˽һ·ڤ֮š
֮УһżΪͨԻڹ֮ۡڣһСС棬ΨСڹ֮ɿá
ʱ˿̣ڤʩչڹ֮ǽһ棬ڴ˴ܵģȻֻޱߵźͺ䡣
Ϊλˡ
ʵ벻ͨڣΪξһޱߵĺ֮أ
ʲôҲûУΨޱ޾ĺţһ쳣ܵĸо·ħڴˡôһֺĸо
ֲڣصˣҲЩϵ
Ŭʹʩչڹ۵ĹУϢκһ˿ضԪ
Ǵ˿һޱߵУȷʵеʮֲֻ뾡뿪ĵطļᶨֻ¸ղŽһ˲䣬ҡ
ʱٴ񣬼Ƭ̽죬ţֻޱ޾š
ڹ֮ޱ棬֮˵˿ⷽޱߺļŵӵʶܹﵽһϢʮٶȡ
ˣʶҲԿƬı߼ʣҹӵʶδͣһ̣ޱߺŵУڿһ
Ȼ
һӵע⣬ǰòﲻֻһƬ֮أһʲô
ٽʶһ̽ȥⷽޱʶٶȿɴһϢʮȻֹҹһ˿ûб仯Ҳ˵ôٶȣҲ޷һ֮ľ룬ʵ̫Զˡ
ʱ뵽ʲôޱ߱ܿһΪʱһǰʮǰǰġ
ĿǰһϢʮٶȹȥĻôҲҪôִ꣬ܵ
Ǿʲô
һ̣ɻ󲻽⣬ˣû뵽ȻԼ֪ɣ
ӣ
ʱȻ΢΢һʱڤ״̬ʧʹֻص档
棬ʵʱ䲢û죬ղŽڹʱոǸʶ

ЩƮ죬Ϊʱûȫֻһʶͬξһ㡣
ʹ
Ӵʱֻܹʶ
ʹӣô
ʱʶ죬ûжʶֻǵգشǰһ̣ƴԽǵԪˣ֮һУʲô֪ˡ
ʶܷв֪ͣһֽŵεúõģǲβõģ

ʱ˿̣δʶȴĳ
һΨи
ӻʶʿҲ޵þ֮ͨˣܹɹһ֮ߣ޼֮һ˰쵽
˵ţʶģҲңһΪ˸
ҲɳΪһˡӻ˵š
ԡӾҵԭ򡣡

ӵҪǷˣףɹһΣ˵úأһþȫκãΨԼȥģߣһˡ
ʦ
ʶģշٴιڼޣκʶ

ʱȥһ£Ϊ˴ţѾ׷ӡһǰӽȥ֮ʱգҲûгһ
ÿϺ磬δ붼濴ÿһΣҲʧ顣
ѾȥһˣҲ֪ԪǱߵΣʧȥ֮䣬޷㴫Ѷ
ǰδҹӰ˻ȥˣգҲûصˣ澳˫ڼһΣɱžǸϲȥˡ


1110 
ʱֹȥգת¡ʮ£ɽϣ֪ʲôʱҲƮ˶ëѩװعƻá
ʦʦ㣬㿴㿴ѩѽ
ѩ棬ֻһŮѩһѩˣ۹ȥ꣬ˮʮʱԣʧ
ң뵱꣬ǧʮʱҲЦ绨񳤴ˣЦˣҲ˵ˣԽԽһŲıɽ
ʦ㣬ôѽ
ˮգһ˫ˮĴ۾ǧһֱգ˹ȥ
ʱǧѲع˿ͨС֣˵㲻𣿡
ѽ
ʹؼٺ䣬ֻҪˮһЦ·ѩˡ
ǧֻعͷǦֵգ˵һʮ죬澳˫˰ɡ
ؼӿΪͻͽ澳ҲѲʲôܣ澳Ԫ

ˮͷ룬СʦӦҲȥɣ˵Ҫ˫еǶõɽʸǻ᲻ʦְ
ǧһǦܲգɽ硭
˼µġɽ硱ǵʱһɽ飬µһƬƬѡ
һ󣬷ѷ磬˵磬ħɽ磬һ֮ɽ־Σնʬնն쳾ն½һԼйص˻ô
ʦ㣬һɽˣԼԺ󣬻᲻ǵǰ
ˮգһ˫ۣ˿ʵú棬ǧѣȴȻĬɽô
ΪѳˣҲ۶ԽΣȻ˼٣ɷ磬ܹģֹһˣҲ۶
һɲǣǧѵһ֮ɫ
ˮ㶵ؿʦ㣬ôֲ˵ѽԺʦȥɽ磬ԼһǾȡ˼䡯òá
ˮһ˵ţһǧѲعȥ˵ɽǰңԶ֮£ˮ֪澳һ𣿡
֪֪
ˮһ±˷˳ʦ˵ɰɣ֮£а˴ţɾ£Ĵӡ

ǧ΢΢˵ͷ˵ɾĴӣԴҹΪףһΪɲ⣬֪ǳƻóɣʦĪ֮࿹
֮ˮЩ㶵ģͷС˵˵ô࣬ʦڵʦЩһʦҲǡ
ǧû˵һˮһ뵽ʲô̧ͷʦ㣬뵽ҪǺʦ֣ûǵĶǡ
˵꣬ǧѱҡҡͷˮҡͷͷСʵʦô
ǧһ˵֮ŵˣ֡

ˮһ£תͷԶѩ׷Ŀȴʧȥ˽㣬ֻ۾Ҳһ㶬еĴ棬ʦʱģӰһգۣȴûˡ
ֻʦҲŵ˰

죬ϣ歷üͷ壬ǰҹӰѾϢ죬䱸ʮɭϣȻ濴Ʒƽ˾ʵϵ°ӿ歷֪ܲ
ϴҽʥҩʥһ£ڷ˶ûȫƽϢ֮澳Щ˲죬һΪؼ໥Լɸ߿֮ϣأ塣
һ֪˵Ļֻ½鷳˵ЦϹŽƣν
ڿѾãϴ֮˸Ů֣±ֻֻЩ
歷ˡ
ʱһӰҴ˽Ǳˣȴ¹
歷˻عɫҴҶʵ£˺£
¹ߵϣԣ˼䣬歷֮üȻĵ飬ǻᷢô

ʹѩ׷ס
һʵδҲ˲Сˣǹɽ͵Ϯһƣټֽ⿪ӡ
ҺһɽϵƣҲٻָ˹
ֻʱգɲӳʹԽǣѵҪ˵Ҳʱ޷𡭡
һʱ飬ѴɱžǺϮȴһ¸Ǵ÷з
ʵ󲻵ճʥȻħ벻ǧǰʥ䣬ڤĲ»ʥҲˡ
벻ģŻȻɱ˲»ʥǵ˿˼ڤһǶûзߣԺļս˸еĶǡ
ʱǣµ켫ָƽҲ½뿪ˣλȴüĲչ
һǵΣǵڤ᲻ʲô켫ѹƬ
켫λĵ飬ĶµĹħ澹Ȼ֮ħħϢ͸
֮ħǴ˳ȥֻ½ɱžԪŵأط¶ֱʡ
Ͼû֪֮ħʲô켫ѹŵģҲֻħһұۡ
һұ۶Ѿ˿ֲˣλʵһĹħǽǶô£¾ʥǰҲǲһɡ
һ뵽˴λϲɫôһ죬켫ػɣкˣܹԸֲһ֮ħ


1111 ɽʮ
λüɫʱһ¥ϣʹðҲҡβֹ
пŴ̨˫֧ãǸü£üϣҲһƳ⡣
ǵ뿪ǰһӦƽ¹վδԡ
ƭӡ
˫ü΢ҹɫҲͽмǳһǰǳҴսδƽϢȥҲ֪ڵ˻󣬱ȻᱣܣɲҪ鷳
ʱֹȥգʹ棬ɴѩ׷ףЩ컨δԾɻȥ濴ȴɲӴ
⹬кǽֻǺɽ֮ڡ
ʱգЩĿĵѾʧˣҲõ޸˵ĹҲȴǰǿࡣ
ֻǵ죬Ȼûκѵļ󣬷ǣʹ˳˯һ
Ѿһ£ȻΪٸߣҲĹ󣬴ʱܹ˫պ촽԰࣬ȻһĹ޴Եʡ
޷ô
Ϊʹ裬ӽһҲˣ˫覣ѩ˿˿תϢѽ޸
ɵ죬޷ӲüգѾĹټĹȥֻ»˵ԪؽӰ쵽
ǾʹֹͣʩȵĻһֱԳ˯ȥȻת
˫üԽԽ⼸ȹˣȴδֵģʹҽٸߣʱȻһ޲ߵĸо
ȻԽˣԽҪǰ˾ȻȲݡ
ֻһݣ˫ֱӡָһԺѨȥһ𽥻ָɫӽʱɫֻò԰ס
һΣӡ˫ְļϣת漴ϡᡱءڡ̫ҡѨλ
ÿһε룬÷⾫׼һֲɣһ಻ɣʮ־׼Ҳˡ
һҹ亹죬һ㱡ѣҲѱ亹ʪＡ͸죬һȴ滨Լɼ
գȻûܹѾĹ޴ȥԪ͸֧˱Ԫܵصķɡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴһ֡˾ȻĲݡľġ
¼䣬ûȲˡ
Ȼӡٱ䣬һʩչģȴǡƪ漫ֶΣͬʱҲʮΣգһ˶ܵˡ
֪˶ãֻҲһɫ

ʱӺȻһƺߣɫһ±ò԰Ҳһ
һȴǹɹ΢ɢˣۼϵҪʧһ˲䣬ǿԪ˫һƣϣһԪ룬Žϵȶ
ءӡ
һɲǣȻˣֻʶȴȻЩģ΢΢۾ֻܿǰģӰ壬ȴһҲ޷ǣ⡣
۾
˫üԣϸѨȥͬʱעԪֱƬ̣Žȶ
һּ̣һɫתܣأӳͨ覡
˫ۣȴܹܵϸԼϣʶҲ֪Լ˶ãʱһֱǶԷԼ
˵úأҪ
˿̣ҲۣΪ֮ңʱȻϢ
˵úء
Ժļ䣬һɲǣԺֳĻ棬һԻٷΪۣˣƴԽһǽˡȻҲûκʶ
󡣡
˿̣ӵٴδԺԪԻٷһˣض𣬶㡭ֻһ¡
Ѿһô
ʶһ£Լһ£һ£ҹԼˣʹԼָɡ
лʩȡ
һ̣Ժ𽥻ʮǰʱ֮ҲûһΪʱԷʩȣ񣬾ȻһҪԷȡ
ӵϢѣôҪɽʮܷȫָʹΪӰ죬ܷȫڴˡ
ʱȻԶ֮˼˵ʧܡΡ
ʮ֮ʧܣһ𡣡
¼ǽ֮ˣֺαΪ£ð˴ա
ҪȵˣûֹҲ㲻
һɲǣֱٶԣ˫ֿٱӡʮѨȥͬʱɢֱעǰѲõ֮С
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ɽʵǳ󣬾ֻʹڵƬ䲻ççѩɽҲͬСɡ
ǰʱͨ죬ɽ۴ܹʮ
ʮԱУÿһ󷨣ܹɽصˣʮ֮£ָܹȻǰܹסʮǿ
˿ֻ̣ɽһֱʣ۳һ۶ȥһʱɽҡֹѩ䡣
ǣǡ
Ŵʱһֱʵ⣬ʹٵӶסˣȻ֪ɽʮǹǰɽ¡
ֻû뵽վʮҲˣʮ󣬼ľԪʱǿϮ벻
һиΪؼһ㣬ʮѾƸ۵ķˣһʧܣ˵Ҳβϵˡ
Ŵʱһⲻ۶ȥʹеɫý
δǲ⣬һ̣дҲ֪ˣѾǡֶˡ
ʮ󷨵ۣܿ죬Ѿ֣ʱ棬һл۶ȥܹܵʱϴʹһ·Ҫ˺һ㡣
Ӽ𽥱ʹ࣬Ҳ֪˷գʮѾҲûκ·
ֻ˫Ԫһˣϣһ˲䣬ʮŵǷ˹
ȫ˺ѣʹ࣬˵ȫǿвɢȻ顣
Ȼָоޱʹ࣬һ˲䣬ܹоõԼһһ㣬𽥵طĳЩϸ΢仯
ֱ仯΢ڶۣ֮ò⾳һʱָоҲһɱ䣬ɷʥɱ䡣


1112 ʥ
ȻܲѰ
ʱ˿̣ȻҲܹܵڵı仯ʩչڹ֮ǱŵޱһǰˣϵƺԽԽˡ
ҶѾήʱڵĺѹȥ
˫ӡõԽԽ죬ΧʮŵϾȥأâԽԽ𽥽С

ҹһʱʮ󷨵ȥâҲ𽥱䵭ٵӶ棬δҲں⣬δ뿪
Լһƽκζʮ󷨵ĹâҲɢȥˣһжޱȵİֻ棬ѩµ
ô¡
ûжˣδһҲԽԽңϴһҲ⺮⡣
ʱȻһɼǿϢ͸˳ڳٵӽһϢ
һֻ̣Ʋ㷭ӿֹƲ֮䣬һ⽵£ʹӶˣʥļ󰡣
ϸ֮£ײʥҴʱϢҲʥ˽ٵϢȴ͸һ˵ĸоԨһϢ
СӵΪͻˡ
֪ʱѾ˻δԣԶȽյʯţ˵
ԣδ΢΢һתͷһֳۣǺʯȥϲɫһһֱڵģôһ˵ƻָˣΪͻһ㾳磿
Ϻ͡桢ʥڣӦǴʥڡ
˫ָ󣬻˵ţʵҲЩ⣬Ϊչ˵ʮѸͣʤһ
ʥڡ
δԭЦšʥڡֺЦݱʧˣ֮ģһأʮصɫ

ֵڣñȴǰӽˣʥڣʥħֻһ֮䡣
˵˴һִֻ̾꣬ʥγһִҵħĲ˵һħʥµӹ򣬲ЩҵָɱֺαŪý֮֡һ䣬̾
δʱѻ˵꣬ſʵǰ𣿡
ڣ
ҡҡͷһ;ʥħԼѡֺڣֻڵߵôҴң÷һ棬Ҳδܼ
δתͷȥȻʯţ˵ҲħȻɲʥҲҪħ
˴Զʢ÷ȥел֮ʱѩһҲˣҲ˵ħ
δ
ȥȴϴǳǳ΢ЦҲѩһ֦÷

ɢȥɫɷף﷢һƺߣ֧ŲסˣԵȥ

ȫָƾȬˣӰ£ΪҲһ̤ʥڡ
ʱεһ죬ȡرߵѣϣַס˫磬ҪԪʱȴҡҡ֣֧޷ֻĹضѣգָܻоΣ
ȣһ˹ʱоԪһ嫣ս֮ʱд˿̵Ĺ˵һɱ·Ͼʥ֮ˣҪһɱЩѶȣٲôˣһʼܹò²ɵ֮ģ᷸
ްлʱ˹ˡ
˵ţһΣǷһ飬֪ʱܽ黹ˡ
̧ͷްʮǰ˵һһ޶Ĳ֮ģȫڵɣһƺѹɷɣʱһãδػѹƵס
͹ˡ
ü΢ֽŵһ޶Ĳ֮ģǿ󣬴šҲǵչ˵ɡĳһܸȻǺãǸĲˣҲ
á
ӿ˵Ҳ뿴ܷһʥǰλδȺã׼ˣȥǰɡ

ʱں棬δͿվԶһЩʹĵӣҲߣӭӳ
¡¡һֻ˽µʯţһڻˣ˶һס˺ֱӰ֣ӣ
ϲӡ
ʱʹĵȥ΢΢ͷ˵档
ȻӻЩڴʱŻںﾲա
˫һ㣬ɵ˻δͿԣӼ棬΢΢ףСӣˡ
˵ȫӣһˣĹأ²ٴ߰ɡ
ڵȺ˳ȥ½һ˵Ĺ̡
֮溲ɵͷȥǴһ㣬˵ĿǰӵĲˣҲûʲô˵ϵʦ㣬ɱϾԷѾꡣ
һյѩֻ΢Цѩ˵ҪںչλҪ뿪ʦͼλɽ
Ӳں˵飬ʱ棬˵ˣҵҲˣλ·
һ·ѩɽֻ֮ɽȥֱѩӰֻعͷ˵Ȼ켫ɡ
ʮѮ澳˫Ѿʼˣȥ죬ҪԽɳĮҪһ£֪ʱü
˫ᣬʮʥǸص֯ĻһҲ򵥣ڣǷȻδʥʥ£׼ʥ۷壬Ҳ塣


1113 
ҹѾص켫һ£ҲѾƽϢ켫һؽһٻٻĵط񶼻޽С
Ҵһص켫ֻΪλ˵𣬼ȻˣҲˣԪǱûϢҪ졣
ɫʣλ˽Ǽ⣬Ҳһ·ţ¹Ⱦ˳֦ͷҲͷϣȾһ˪Ŀȴǲᡣ
λˣ㵽˰ɡͣعλ˵
쪣ŵԵҶһ⣬л˵ʱ˿̣ȴƱʲôˣ˱룬һҲ˵
𽡣
ʱȥԼ֣һ̧ͷˡ޳ôˡ
˵λָ£Ҫú
һġ
ص˵ͷʱл˵ǧȴֻһ䣺޳ҲҪذǡǲ֪ʲôʱټˡ
ˡء
˵ͷһ˵꣬ٶһ磬ȥҴҡ
ãء
δˣҲɽԪǱ߷ȥգۼ䣬ʧҹĻ¡
𽻹վԭأҹᴵͷһɲǣԺֻ˶ʮǰʱǸˡ
һǶʮټһҪã
ԵҶɳɳ죬һ̣۾ȻͺˣǣҶۻɢѻܸ˼֪գʱҹΪ顣

ºһص죬棬ƺࡣ
歷˺¹˼ǰȻһǰں澳һЩڰдʶ歷˼ǿ˸ĽƣЩй˼ɣδôʱ졣
˫һ£歷ȻҲȥ̽ڰǰ˫㿪ʼˣ˰£֪ڻܷϵϡ
˷֮ҹϣ£֮ϣ쳣£ոջȻҪȥ澳
歷ü΢˵һε˫ᣬǰ򵥣ҹӰ˻Ѷȥ˫ģŸ֮ʿԶԶֹЩˡ
ȻҲףԪŵ֮󣬽ޱ޾澳ԪԪŵضԣʵС
便Ŷǿߣϵǳֻǿѣǲڡ
ǣһжΪ谭
歷ֽŵ˫֮أԻ졯ʱϣضȺ۾ۼһЩ֣Ҳȥû˫ʸ񡭡
ô
΢΢һһɲǣԺﾹѾֳˣϣɱأѪȷһĻ
˫Ტʲôʮֲп֮ÿһε󣬼ѪȾ죬ˣΪȥɽʸಫѲ⡣
ꡭ
һ길ף룬Ϊʮʥض⵽ΧɱΪʵ̫ǿ˶вԱضЩΧɱ
գȴƾһ֮Ҿ䣬ѹǿߣɱһѪ·Ƿ֮ھط죡

歷˼ʱɫҲѲµ룬˵죬оأǵŶ£ɱķգȥ֮ˣʱп⣬Ψеϵھ죬ҲǷ֮˵ȥôǶ֮䣬ضһ֮һԸ
֮󣬻δ¹溵ˣü֮ǰǻ֪ԭ˫գв±ǡϡ
歷˼˵һ˫ᣬʮǰһΣյϵھطˡ
˵˴ʶ˿ûб仯Žŵ˵֣硭
һ̣ûκα仯硱ʱȻ̲סһ¡
歷ֽŵõɽʸˣ磬һΣǷбҲϵھط죬Ͳö֪ˡǻ˵ϵھط죬ôֻֿܣһǱնɱˣԸܹȥھطˣҲǷ֮սҲ
˴һ̧ͷ歷˴˿˵ƺȫûܣյʱпܻбҲͬһ˵ھط졣
Եʱ棬Ȼһ֪֮սȻ˰ˣҲˡ
᲻ݺһйأĸһеһУֻ֪ܹһΣԵϷ죡
δ˼Ѿǲٶ˵ֻϣܹ˳һЩĪҪˣҪ
Σ֮ȥμ˫ᣬĻԼΪʸ֮ġ
õķǵ͵£һϷ죬˵ѶϢ뱻֮˿֪һϢ
ʱ歷˼ҪϷ죬ֻ̫ͨ龳̫龳˿ɽ
˵˴תͷ֮㹻ġ̫дϷʱɲϵ׷硢Լ֮ΣϮ
δü˼ǣҪ㹻̫ȥ棬ڳ̫龳ؽΪ̫ɱˡ
ˡ
歷΢΢ףȥ˵˫ᣬйҲ޹޹˵һ룬ۣй˵ʥ֮ˣ̤һԸԸ仰֪Ǻ˵ܹסʥǿߣһ֮ˡ
֪ˡ
΢΢˵ͷ¶˫ᣬѾ˽ò࣬˵²˳٣Ҽ̶ǰ˴δ˿ȥδ룬溣ǲصңȥ죬зִ硣
Ȼȥ죬ֻһˣδ˲һȥɱأȥˣй˼ǵ磬Ҳһ˶ȥǷ졣
ϣȺ۷ɱķѪȷ磬ܹһҪġ
δ˹һãϵʱǧƬȻһƬһƬϣȥۼ
ǰشʱδ˵ĵģһΣԸκգϣףܹƽ¡
˿̣״ıϢд˼ɱǣʥǿ֣߳һˣԻס
Ϊˣעǿ׵ķҲࡣ
δ룬ġһΣһᰲȻ¹
һΣҲô˵ġ

̫龳ڣ֮ǰ󷨣ʹڴ󿪣ȥˣԽ롣
գѾʧҲѾˣΨȿԱߣŸò˵ͷһݣĵˣ̫龳Ѿȥˡ


1114 ̫龳
ֻ߱Ųݴԣȣһݣȥǲ
뷢ף¡δȴֻһ£½ǣѾϴ÷ףһ̣ڷʶǸؤ
δȥЦλǳ̫龳ڣ
ǡ
ҡȣ˵ֻǰãѾˣҲ򲻿ˣŶ룬
ĵȴ·ִ˼ֻȻδȴȻЦݣȻˣǾͲ
˫ֲסӡдһ壡
һɲǼ䣬ɽȶʱӿԭһƴֻһͷԣѴ֮зӴȿڣߵʯͷľѹ÷顣
Ӵʲʲô棡
ŵÿԱȥǰħֵ֮ĺɫԿ˰죬¶һӣȥôһӣףԣôȥеǰŶԡ
𡪡
ܹԣʱԼΪӡʱһŭ
ӴӴӴ׺ס
ŵòȥʰűһʯͷһ³ȥס
顱һǿʯͷһ㶹㣬Ķͷˣţʮ£ߣϷͳĺˣʱһ
ӴӴǲǲ𡭡
һģܱ㵽ֻ¶һͷ棬ͷΨһһƬɫۿãһͷŶ԰ֻϧԿ٣һΪʧֶλʧܣֻԻˣ
һйȫϢǺˣ
ǰ֪ࡣ
δһЦ֪ΪΣǵħڣշȴ׽ԼʶӺ½ȫͬ
𣡡
巢һ𣬲ȥߣδҲعͷ˵壬ƿշӡ
𡪡
ȫһħ֮ʱӿ˲仯ֻצӲ˺ˡ
ӲƾϹԻ̫֮龳ڴ򿪣ȻһʵҲǿ˲١
Ѿٶȴ򿪵ĳ̫龳ڣֻعͷ߿һۣʵλҲҪһͬ𣿡
ٺ٣ãá棬ȥҲá
ЦЦҲٶԥǰѺȥſѺۣõĻ¡
δʱ΢΢ͷʾ⣬صģδ˿Եߣ߿ȥЩɲ⣬ȴ֪ǺҲ
ϣȥܹ֮ģϾ֮󣬱ֻΪ档
ǰߣһԾȥߺٺһЦҲŷ˽ȥգ֮䣬ʧѺС

̫龳ֻ̿ϴ࣬ΧʮŨɽƽԭĹȣ֮棬һ
ıȴſɱнˣǷΪȥϣСĽ棬κһˡ
̫龳֮ǰԺĴʱ˽󣬶ܵĳ
ַֻ߽ĿǰԶɽˮЦ̫龳Ѿǲ壬ϴʲôʱˡ
ǲⲢһ̫龳ˣǷҲΪǷ죬㲻ö֪ˣ˵̫龳±ڴ˴ֱˣԵټ
ȵȵȵȡ
ֽסź˵ҹСüҪһ䣬̫龳ۼδʵСмҪš
лѣ¼סˡ
˹֣ٶԣԶһɽȥˣԶȥӰٺһЦգۼ䣬ҲʧӰ

ʱȥ죬۵һЩ̫ͬʱҲ˲ٱߣհ˳ͻΣԶ׼˲ûܹ̫Լ̫ˡ
棬ûʲôʶǰ׷ѩ˪һͷ׷֮ˣνʤ
һգ˼ɽ棬Ӧɽ̫֮ϢֻɽվҽĶ࣬һЩϹޣҪɽϵ̫һ¡
գ۵̫࣬ϵھط죬˱˰£شʱζЩѾˣ̫֪ʱȥϡ
뵽˴΢΢üٵ飬ǰ⼸ɽŽƣҪɽϵֻ̫취ƿȥ
˫һţֱɽϷȥɸյɽʱһ㳯׼һ˲չɲ㿪ˣʹ׻Ҳ˵Ӵ˿޼ˡ
ܿһӿٶȣȻԽϣΧĽԽͣͬɽϣҲн׳
ԭɽصһϵκһɽ壬ȻᴥɽĽƣܹͬʱɽĽȫƳ
¡¡
ޱȣЩ䲻ȵ޾ɽһħĽأҲͬСɣ֮һģҷ
Ϣ񣬽ɲʩչ˼£ͬʱཫʶ׼ط˳ȥֻҪҵЩƵڣܽƳ
ԼʱʱɫĺĹŽ⼸ɽĽʱƳ˵ףҲʧˡ
ʧԥмɽɽ۷ȥ֪̫龳棬˶̫Ҫ콫ɽߣȻ뿪
мɽɽֻ֮Ǵɽ̫Ȼ֮ʱԶȴȻĵӰֱߣһͷ׵һˣ˿ȥһġ
Ȼ˶ա
һµߣһɽϷȥˣɽϵ˿ҲûԣֱɽϷȥʼ۴˴̫
Щ˲üԼ˰ʱƿƣǵãֱӿְ˱֮¡
⼸òˣȴ׼ʥΪǰЩ˶Ҫȴ֪Ǻη֣ˣһ²һ¡
ٴۼ̫֮ʱʱԶһϢٿȻȴһ۵ˣ˫ָ󣬽̤նʱ⸽ӿȴ֪Ǻˡ


1115 
Ȼ׼ʥΪ׼ʥϢҲʱǰ˵ľ裬ǵΪ̫龳ﶯ޷Ҳһپ٣һ
ʱǺĺ꣬ȻҲй˼ɣߵ̫Ϊûˣɵȵ֮󣬲ŷÿһɽ壬Ѿˡ
ˣǿȥ̫Ѿˣȥͬռ򣬱Ȼ
ΪȵزڶԼʵ£ʵǲ׳֡
Ϊһע⣬Ϊ֮ǿɲ뻹δ죬̫龳
˿̣ǰĸ׼ʥΪˣţͬʱҲһܣȻ˼Լ˭ַݹ飡
ǺɽϿ˿˳̫ɲֶ飬ߣƺöԸΪԼ⼸ԸԼǿ鷳ˡ
գĿȻһ˵ϣ׼ӣŲһ̤˷һɽϷȥ
䵽ɽϣʱطʯƲν󣬶˵У˶׼ʥΪΨȥΪ͡
ǺˣȻ׼ʱȫûȻ²ؼֺαض£
ʮ֮ڣɱ⡣
ȴϣǺԷηÿȻȴֻǣ˱һ仰
һ仰ҲΧɽϵ΢΢һһϵ׼ʥ˵仰Щȥƺδʥ

Ǻ˫Ŀһͣ˽Ųԣ˿̺ŶԷ˱ĻһЩɵһ಻ڵСӣԸԼ˵
ȻֻǺȫԪһᣬҪ̽һ²ɣȻһӰ˲жһµǰߡ
ߡɱ⣡
һӰɷڣһɰ֮ƣŭΣֱӿ
ǺΪ֮һ𣬾ΧɽϵˣͬеһϣϢǡŽ׼ʥ

һ֣ԾԨδ䣬ǵӰ˲ƣƲɵ
˶Ȼһһ˲䷴Ӧȫס˳ȥ
䡱һʯҷɣֱӱ飬ɳ̣
֮УֻǺʧȥ˿һ󵹷˳ȥֱɳɾ룬ͣ¡
һֻ̣Ǻ֮ɫղһ£Ӧÿ죬㲻ҲҪǵӰˡ
һΣͷŹ㣬ٸҿɽ벽ɱ⣡
صڼɽ֮䣬ǺӰ˸еޱȿ־壬紵ڵסҷſ壬ǸߣǱˣǹɽ
ϴɽΪɱ˲䱻ĽڣȻѾġ꽫ƣپκԭʶ仰˵ɽѾˣ޹ɽ
󣬲µȻҲĽϾֻһҲֻǲ±һԪ꣬Ҫǣ²㱻ɱ
Ψɱ֮ˣпܳΪ䡰꽫ԼʹǵԪԽ䱾δ޷·ԪԼġ꽫
˿̣ɽǺԶɫɷףһҶȻټ
ɽϵˣʱҲסˣɫףֱǲŷӦˡĪǾһλʦ
һɲǣ˶ʱ׹ԨֲãҶһ֮أʦںܾǰǿֲĴʣֱŶʦһصȺʧ
ʦŷɥںܳһʱˡ̸ɫ֮ԿֲǵĻ꼫ǿܹЩѾȥĻꡣ
һ£˿ЩȥصϹħ֮꣬ǽǺεȿ£
һ̣ɫԽԽ԰ףǰˣĪǵһλʦʧȻ񡭡
Ȼֻ꽫ȥֻоŽ׼ʥΪǶԣŽ׼ʥҲͬСˡǴ˻ܹӵʥʵս꣬Ǻεȿ£

мɽ崫ǺʱһҲҶ˸˲仯һ⣬Զȥˡ
ɽ֮䣬ʮְ˶ϢʵǵΪܵ濴⼸ɽ϶ŽƣƣȻǰʱƿˡ
ֻǸղʱֻ۱ֻۣҲöԷԱȻ˴̫ڷֶԷʵʵʮֿ֮󣬱㲻ˡ
˿վɽϣټ̫Ҳδʹ뿪ֻһֱ
ȻǴʱȻ˵ֲټۣڣǿԼڴ
Ȼ֪뷨˵ɽһȡ㹻ɽϣλȡ޷
һԣнһϲЦˣлСˡ˵꣬˹֣ŸҼ
һȡߵò࣬ȫȡһЩڴˣһ˵лСѽ˵ػһЩҵˡ
˵֮ʱĵ⣬Զȥˡ
ʧڲãĺɫ£Ҳԥ˫һԪӿΧɽµ̫Ҳмɽ˹ֱ֮ʱŽɽ̫ȡϡ
۵̫Ѿ㹻ˣɱϷھǣȫԵֵ׷纮
ֻ˰£ζѾϵڼط죬ȫȻ֪Ҫӳ̫龳Ϸ죬ҲһôһΪ족ĵط
̫龳յĵطһ˾Ҷȥղ˼ȡԭССʩݣʱȴɻĻر
˾׼ʥΪȻֻ׵ӣҲһɲλ׼ʥһױɻȥһǣʴˣ˺Ҫ죬ˡ
ȻƾһҪȥҲȫܣûжıҪһڳգƱҪĸԪʱ˷죬Ҳѱ˳û͵Ϯ
ȥ˹ͬԽ죬òѡ
ʱҹĻѾȫ֣ҲԥһԶȥˣֱڶʱѾܹоһ׷Ϯ˵죬Ѿǰ߲Զˡ
ǰ˴ǧ֮ң֮ԽԽˣĻľҲпή֮ǰֲԴ֮С
죬ǰ治Զˡ
ȥϵĺˮϮ֮УЩָһȫһ̫żǰȥ
ֱĺɫʱ˳츽⸽ǧȻһƬҲɽеֻһɽǵĹҽʵֲѡ
ǰЩ͹ˡ
طĳҽʹ˿УҲеޱȣﻹû죬ȵ˳죬ǿ¡
ζӦǰǰȥˣӣǶһ˴ġ


1116 ߳ƣϣ
ǰߵϢԽԽأǴΣȥȡۣ֮׺ǲҽ֮УЩɥ
Σգ²Ǵȡ֮۵׺
ǰ˰֮ң֮ԽԽеϢʱڣѾֻǵҽˣУҲ׻ɴܡ
Щ׻ǵ֮𣬷һ֮𣬲ĻȻԪɱؽ
ǰߵգǳһƬȼ£ǰѾǳˣﲻкҹеֻޱߵҴܡ
ü΢еĲֻЩµĻͬʱؽƣҪһ˴¡
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ֻǳıԵǰĽƸءһЩԶƬѵ
Ҳԥ׼֮󣬱ͬʱ̫ǰƽ
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ѾеԽԽԺ˿Ϣؾ綾ۣһ壬ʴãȻ֮Ҳ⣬ҺǼ˽Էǵ֮ͬʱ̫壬˴Ϣʴ
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һΣյУ֪˶ãǹͻ𵴲ֹͣʱֻǳ֮ϣȻһ⡣
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Ҳ죬ɽһƺ澰ȻҲѼֲ֡
˴ϢȴĿһµĸоչŶµƬȻ桭Ŷܣ
ѵ죬±ڴ˴λֱˡ
˿˿ȻЩһ𣬻һ˵꣬΢һʱ㻯һ⣬޾ƺȥˡ
˿ȥڶأ֮ǰʱĹأڱһ˵ĵطָԪ˵ⱻ˳û͵Ϯ
Ȼٻɽһη֪˶ˣǸղĸ׼ʥҲ˵ڷߡ
һΣаִ⣬ΪӦδ룬һᰲȻµ߳ȥ


1117 ߳ƣ£
һһ¼䣬˴ٲģʮŨ
ȷ⸽֮ߵһ£ϥ£תʮ޾ɴ˵壬ָڳʧԪ
һֱʱ֣ŲָϣڼҲţֻʱʱ
Ҫȥڶ죬̧ͷܿڶֵɽҪȥǰ򵥣
Ȼֱӷȥһ磬±߻ָżһֱɣնǿ쵽֮ʱ׽£㶼ֱڽ»ҷˡ
ǵȽף˵ССĺϺߣ׼ʥҲǿ˷ϣʱһǿоҲ
ǹŶµƬʹѾȥôˣգǲ
Ҳûκһ˰̽ѰϹطΪٸߵˣҲȥˣͬħڣһħڣҲǹŶµƬֻҪȷܶѡ
ϢվԶֻɽ࣬±޾ƺʱϦӳ£ƬƺȾһɫȥƻá
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ҪȥѰ֮歷֮ǰ˵Ϸһ죬һѰ۴
۴ͷ·һֻҪȥ˥ܶ࣬һȥˡ
۴ǹ̶ģҲǳʱڣֻһͨУһҵ۴뾡ȥһʧˣ˽ȵˣҪѰҡ

ֱڶջƻʱһɽȣƺ棬ȴ±ûʲô̶ֱͬˮϪٲȡ
ɽһһֱ춥һ۵ˡ
⸽ûбˣҲԥ˫һţ֮Уһ⣬ֱڶȥ
˸߿ʱΧȻͬʱһϢϮ̫ΧϢϮ
һ⣬Ľ˥࣬죬ȴˣ̤գԪޣӿٶڶȥм䷢ʡ
˵໤ΧˣʱͻȻϮҲǲ
Ƭ֮󣬴ǲϢ˵ڶƺʱһԪһᣬƺ֮Ϸȥ
һƺǰľǰһĻȴһɾ̫֮
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һЩԼܵһ΢󷨽ϢɽϢǷϵĽƣӦԭĽ󷨡
벻ʹѾȥ꣬󷨵ȴȻδɢЩţжǿ
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ǰţʵ̫ˣű߼ʣбޱ߲Ƶķһ˵į̡
ߴֱ죬ԼԼ·˻þֻһŮ𣺡ʦʦ磬㲻Ҫô죬ȵѽǵٳҪȥЩ
ɲǣȴʧˣʲôҲûУΨһƬį̵ĻĲݺͷ档
ϲʦ磬ǡϲ
зڱһתȥ˭ǧѣ
ǰȴʲôҲûУû˵˻þ
ǸոգһһˣϸŮ䣬ϵŵĴΪԺһ棿
ĪǸղŵһУǻþǰйһУЩˣЩ£Ȼǳ볾ȴʵĴڹ
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Ǻ˷ҲûκˣĿһֻǰ治ԶһƵĹǰнȺһĽƽ󣬶ղţ˽ơ
һ̣ס˺ǰߵĽȺֱƽʮǰնˣǵҲȻС
Һøղŵһ·ʮСľ裬ûóȻȥǽ棬ֻºϡ
벻ʹѾȥأŵµĽȻֲû⵽ƻЩҴȥˣ档
ûҪĶҲ봳ȥΪʱע⵽ԶһЩƽ棬һ߾߰׹ǣЩ׹ǲǰŵˣЩ꣬Ҵȥߡ
֪̽˴Σ֮˳ȥߣҲóȻΣսء
ʱ䣬ڶȻҪȵһֱ࣬գûҵȥ۵㣬һЩ֮ء
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ӣˣɫһ˵ʥ֮˲ܽ
ΪδʱϢǿҵѹȸС


1118 غڷ
˲֪ã𵴲ͣЪ죬죬ߵķ죬ղŴǹѹϢҲʧˡ
عղǹϢǿ֪ʲô棬ʲôˣһУҪСˡ
ڣҪ취ȥ˵̫龳ѾȥʮˣҲ֪δ𰣬ˮ̣ǣǷȻ澳Ӧûûл졣
ʱɫĺɽȥ뿴ǰû۵㣬Ͻ̫ǿʶҲ̽Ѱ
ԼһɽȵȴȻͣղһ˲䣬ƺԼԼܵһ쳣Ϣ
ΧҲʮְֻз紵ɽȣ죬һȥȫϢ󣬲żСС
Ƭ̣һɽԣֻǰһڷ֣Щȥղܵ쳣ϢӦñǴһڷ洫ġ
ʱüЩڷʲôһڷʲôΪλڴˣȴ˵֡
˺һֻһڷǲɢʶҲ̽ȥֲóȻƬڷֻһָǺڷ絯ȥ뿴澿ʲô
ݡһָ˲һڷ֮УҲһɲǣֻһڷȻ˹
⡭
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ת˲䣬Ŀֲڷ־ϯٶֻͣһ˲Ԫǰȥããҹɫ֮Уǰһнδ֪óȻҴֻ¸֣
£ݲټˣղǺڷĿֲѾʶˣһ˲ܽ˲ʳɰ׹ǣܵ
˲֪ãһ»𣬽⸽յ覣ܹǰ·ˣһ½ٶ࣬ĺڷ磬ȴ׷
ǵҹ֮ʱǰߺȻһɽȣɽ֮Уһŵ֣ԼԼ͸һɽϢ
ĺڷѾϮһ̣Ҳ˲ôˣһ˲ɽȥ
ӽɽȵһɲǣĵڷ磬Ȼͣ۳һڹȿ֮ǻȴҲҽˡ
ѱ亹ʪʱҹ紵£Ǹе
תȥһֲڷ粻ҽˣ˿һֺ̣Ȼеһ䣬Щڷ˿ֲʱȴҲҽ˵
ʱҫ£ɽһŵԵøӹɭȻס˺Щŵ֮ãʲô
֮ʣɽȻһʮֱʮ֮ˣҲҽϷһ㡭


1119 ׹
ͻһʹɽȸӱˣҹĻ֮£һɭĹŵǳΣյޣݷڴˡ
ס˺һڷδɢȥȻҽȴڵȥһ
ɽ棬ǲ֪ĿֲڣղǸȥǸߡ
ܲܣǰ˰ɣ
Ϸ˵һ飬ʮ֮ˣҪٲϷһԪ񣡡
ɻ֮ʣǱٴδ˳һΣйǿϢ͸˳ҲеЩѹ֣ͻȻ뿪뷨
Ǻܿ죬ΧΣʹ侲ǺڷڣȥʵѲ⣬ɽǸߵղ˵ģƺǰĹŴԡ
뵽˴Ǻɽ˹֣̽Ե±ǹɺڷ׷ɱȲѴ˹ȣǰ֣Ǻڷߣ뿪
ɽȣտ˺һǱ𣺡Ϸ򲻹δ˹ȣ뿪Ҫԣ
ǿϢһ͸Ѱ֮ˣȻŵĵѣĶߣϾ࣬ʱҲ򶨣뵽Էղ˵ʮ£Īָʥʮ
ʮ£Բ̤˹ȣ˼˵ֻдﵽʥʮҲʥһʮϣҲ̤Ǵ˵ķ֮ʸ˹ˣ
һ뵽˴Ǿø䣬񼴱ؼӿ˴ΪͻͽʮҲ˵˵ѡ
һ̤ʥ֮ôʮÿһ֮е˺ķǧʱ䣬̤ʥ֮տһҲͻƵ
ǿߣڽӽ۷һĴڣ̸ľ徳ڵھžϵ̫ʥ֮ǼѾǴ˵еľˣֻмǧǰϹǸΪȻǰǻš
ʱߣʮȷʵЩˣһ뵽˴޾ˣʱ˵ϢǶԷơ
֪ǰγƺ
ٴɽ湰˹֣Ȼ˿Ϊδ֪ûʮΪһʥ֮ˣҲܹԸģȻԵ
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ȻâһĺüڴʱȻִˡֻڷ磬д֮ƣַֻ·ɵɽʲô
еЩǺڷĿֲѾʶˣټڹȿڴǺڷʱпܴϮԼɽȥʱɹĺڷ翴ԼˣȻȥ
ɽЩʲôɣ߹ŵɭϣɽߡ
һ뵽ЩֻеЩͷƤ飬ǰвǣлҲǣҲǣǺã
ˡ
Ȼ䣬һڷֿ࣬üͷһ壬ϣȥɽһ󣬲ʲô
Ȼǰһ̤֮ʱɽһ̩ɽϢѹСӣٸǰһϷһ㣡
Ǻڷ粽ƣһأҲ˲ôˣɽ湰˹֣˵ʵΣǰˡ
ǰһֻɽ߹ŵɭϣһɽǸߣһϸ۲ߵĹŵЩŵ죬ĪǴϹʱģ
˵Ŷ飬˼ǿ߾䣬֮ǰū۷ˣºˮߣԳͷ֮ˣֱ۵ĳ֣ų׽ͳ˼ʱڣӶһԪʢ
˿ɽһŵĪסŲ
ɻ֮ʣɽٴδ߱Сӡ㵱治Ϸһ㣡
عΣȴȥԷˣ̩ɽһصѹϢڣɶԷ˵Ҫһ仰˵˲߰˻ˣɵҲûƣˡ
ʱ˿̣ҲƺˣղڹȿڣǹڷµģɽǸߣɽһŵЩŵ棬ʲô
ҲóȻҴԼһɽڴˣĺڷǲ׷ġ
ʱϣ̣¹⽫ɽȣӳյ覣ǰһֺĹ
ס˺ϵϢҲȥˣ֮ǰǸߣӦþˡ
һΣŵ̨ȥ̨׺ֻʹѾȥô꣬ɱ˻ֺĹĪǰӣ
ʮ֮ڣɱ⣡
֮ʱǱٴδͬʱһâϢֱƶ
ֻе΢΢һϣʮ֮ڣɱ⡭ԣ仰ϤˣԼǰ˵仰
ֻǴ˿̣϶ƣӹȿڵ˵˲ʮҪɱˣɵڣȴûг֣еŹ֡
ʱȻҴ⣬һ󣬲ȥ
˹棬ֻ󣬵ȴıȻѲջԻͣһ紵ôǽϣҲįɣ֮С
ĪһλŴӣ
һɲǣ֪ǴʲôԼԼ۹½·ĳָӦ
ټĹտյǸղǸ
ʶһɨȴκˣ⹬沢ûˣΨ֮ϣһ߰׹ǡ
ڰ֮УǾ߰׹ɢŵĹâһ㣬һ͸һ˵
⣡
һݣⲻ˼֮ǣһ˵ĹǺ
СӣǰһݹϷ򲻿ˣ
ʱǱߵٴ𣬲ڿտĴصһɲǣ϶ˣǾ߰׹ﴫ
ǡܣ
Ϲħţλˣȥֻһ߲ǣܻκʶ˵˭
һǵ׿ҲЩȻ㵽Ǻˣռ˵ΪΣ
СӡҪ
ʱǾ߰׹ǺȻվۿȻų̵ĹâͬʱһɼǿϢ͸ֱ粻ֹ
һɲǣǹɿֲϢϮʱֻеһϣҲֹ·ֻһϢ飬ǺεȿµΪҿӦʥϣܷ˿ֲϢ
ԽеԺѰ֮׼ʥΪ˿̶붼ѾʥϢڵˡ
Ȼ䣬ԼȻˣǱĳסһһɲǣʱеٲԥ⾳һ˲
Ϊģʱγһɿ磬⾳һ³ɽʱһ
֮Ͼ亹ղǹɽǿ
˲⾳ʵΣѰ֮ˣոձƵһ˲䣬Ƕˡ


1120 ħ
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ȻղһɲǣǾ߰׹ҲܵĲ⾳˼磬߶ȥ⾳תӶϢ
ȴжˣһ޶Ĳ⾳𣬱Ѿתˡ
˿̣óߵ˾죬ȻҲûϵв⾳ɣ
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Ƽ۹½Ϯǰ׹ǡ⡱ȥƺǾµ۹½ɷ
һ۹½ǰ֮͸һɼΪ䣬ԨһϢ
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һ죬۹½ǰƽһߣ׹ٴһˣȥǾǴ˿̵۹½Ľɷ֮еʮֲ㣬ɱңҲ߲
һȻò߰׹֮ûʹѾȥ£ȴɲ𣬱һӵһ
Ǵ˿߰׹ģһ壬ռŹǡ
߽һЩǾ߰׹ǣȻ㵨ӲСŹҲռЩ֪ˣͷøˡ
仰Ҳ٣һɹǣǵ棬Ȼᣬһ£ܹɹһһ߷ǽǺǿ
仰ȴδ׹ţֻߵ˵ЩСȫʢʱڣһƱܽˣֻڡȿȡ
ڣռɹǣװŪŵñ˲ҽöմ˹ȵɻ֮Ԫָô
һ˵ţһߵøˣˣȴܷϣ׹Ūʥȷʵˡ
־ᶨ֮ǰҲסˣиղǵҲȷʵǿв⾳ΣֻҲ˵
֪׹ľʲôҾͽħ
⣬ȿȡ
ħһֱ׳صΣɽΣأЩŵŽƣҲǽΪǺãһóȻЩŵôĶ֪
ɽɻ֮ҲյòˣڸңЩڷʲô
ڷ硭
ħ뵽֮ǰƺǱʲô׷ţŻŲ·˵˵Щڷ磬Ƿġʴ֮顯ǲϾͺѣҲûϵȻҲͻȥˡ
ԭˡ
΢΢һһ۹½˻ֵɽɻ֮Ҳˣһͬȥҵ֮
۹½ˣħһҰѰ֮ұ㣬ϷǺûӣ
ˡֱԣɻ֮ǳˮ֪һطħ֮꣬嫴󺣣ޱ޾ȽҿԴ㡭

˵꣬ħЦСӣĪΪҲ֪˵ħڣҲǣ
Ŷ
죬һۣ˵֪Ļͦࡣ
ߣ
ֻħͷһصҴĺ˻ģʮ磬˵ĸطϷ֪û˵ģ
Ŷ
֪ô
һɲǣȻˣš桱֣ħҲͻȻˡ
һֵҵ֮Ҵȥħڣ
ߣ
ħһߣСӣʹɣħڣ׽ѳȥˣٳ
׽ѳѵйѳ𣿲˵ʮǰһȥһΣֳˡ
ܴħڣħŰɵؿʵ
ȻɫûиԼͲħڣħ֮
ߣҲţ
ħǽͷһҲٶˣָһָһ̡
һ̣ħŵϲζתͷָϲס̣˵Ȼʥ֮˵Ԫꡭ
Ȼ˿̣ǲ֮֮꣬ɷʮƣֻһơ
Ǽˡ
ָһ󷽷һԪ˹ȥħһţʱ㽫Ԫ˽ȥ
ʱڰ˻ڤ±ɫȻһףɷѿȻԼԪ걻ˣʹԶһܸӦ
СӡʥؽԪɣáܣ
һ̣ɫ˫۷죬Ҫֲжֲ

죬棬ħ˵ͷʥ֮˵Ԫ꣬ǵһЩ㡣
ָһȡһƲµԪ꣬˹ȥ˵ҵ۴ЩԪ꣬ҪٶС
û뵽ħ򣬽ҪѰЩ۵㣬Ǿˡ
ȥһҹѾˣħȥ棬ߣ˵׷Щʴ֮飬Ѿ뿪ˣСӣ㰲ȫˡ

棬һʱֻЩۣδܿɽĹŵˣһۡ
û뵽ɽйŵ񻹱ӦħԣŽƣóȻ֮ˣ붼ˡ
ʱҲǷǣֻ뾡ȥ˵
ħʯǰ˫ָȽȽ̫ٺЦˣҵɽȣδȥˣ֪ЩߣżֱˣֵֵϷ֡
һ˲䣬ıӰ·پø䣬ֵֿĴ
Сӣˣϡ
ħһĶ漴˫һ̤նȥ˿ɽκνơ
ҲǣߡǰǰŹǣʹ£ɲֺξڶĽƣ
ȴòСĽһЩϾǷ֮ۼ͵ĻĿǰŹǣֻչɲСıܿΧƣȥ


1121 
СӣһЩ
ħǰߣ޾ɽܵĽƣٶȿ˼ޣһĻ˿ˣǻСķ粨
Ͼһȥأأȴ˹Ǻ֪жǿ
˵ֻҪˣزЩħȻǿҲ곤ﻯΪ˹Ǻȴܹ񣬱Ȼ䲻һ֮
ŰСıܿɽĽƣɲͬʩչ˼£ҪɽʱǹħȴȻͣСӡȵȡ
ôˣ
ҲͣѭѾڷˣħһ̣Ǳʮ־ȥ˿鷳

˿ղŲ˵һƾɱЩ𣿡
ߣ
ħһߣõ˵ĿɲǵڡߣϷʵмЩ󱲹УҪϷ򡭡
һƱɱǡӹĻ
ȿȡˣ
ħһְ˰֣˰ˣúᵱ£Ҫ취ȥμ
֪ͺá
˵ѲǰЩǿһŹǣضᣬʱԪͲˣҾã㻹Ϊ˵գһһɫĶ۹ȥ
ħ۴ϣȥμɹɢĵȴڣֻҪΪԸһˣܿߡ
Ҫ֮ʱһὫǬһʥϵߣǿǬܹ㡣
ص
ߣ
ħһߣһȻӣ˵ʥǵ꣬Ϸ򡭡
һƱܽɱٴνӹĻ
֪ͺáߣ
ħһ˫һ̤ԶȥˣȥıӰħȻЩ䣬ʱѾãӦöԷ˽⣬ڣԼȥ鷳˼ˣԥṦһչҲȥ
ȻħһûЩΣսأûǰǿֲڷˣڶʱҵһ۵㣬ֱϵطˡ
Χһ³ֻ࣬ƺӿ͸һɷǷϢأڶԵĲ𣬶ΧҲࡣ
졭
ħһ£˫ָٲȻһ˵ģֻعͷһۣСӣǽȥػΣ

ȥڵڶʱϴ춯ǹ춯⣬ӦñǴ촫ˡ
ȻڶһѣܹԸоϣȻǿ࣬ҲӻңӦв˶ۼ졣
˾ۼڵأֻԭ
һط棬˾챦˶ҪᣬɲȥˣҲҪ챦
ڶ˶谭ʱ޷ȥء
ԭ벻ʲôԭʹ˶ۼϡ
ôԥʲôħعͷԥʵ
һЩԾ
ܿ˿˵Ҹоõв˶һأҪǲ鷳ĻھȽǬ

ħҲΧ˿عͷߵҲգЩ󱲻ϷУֻѰ۵㣬Ҫ˴ܣԼȥɣ˵꣬˲仯һƺڷ磬
̧̧ӣҲûָܹԼУ쵽ڣħ󻰵˵˲٣һһʥ֣ȻʵϣֻҪһ紵ݶñ˭졣
˿̣ħҲԥϢȥǰȥˣһرȻЩ⣬֪ζǷҲһϡ

ʱȥ죬죬ʹйħҲûҵκһ۵㣬ʹһЩطǱˣȫԵֵ߿еĽơ
ˣһյ춯Ӧһе۵㣬ȫˣԵڣȫۼһأʱûϵȥأϲȥأȻҲϲȥأء
ֻеۣζأζǷҲڵۣ
ûпζˣײ˲٣˱ҵˡ
СӣҪȥ
ʱǬ֮УȻ˹ħʶ̫࣬ÿܿһΪ͵ˣԹħһֱǬ֮Уδ
˶࣬ȥ
дȻûа취ˣеط۵㣬ȫѾôҲҲš
ȻˣЩ»֮ǰǾֻȥ˶ĵطˣܷҵȥǿзȥĻ֮ǰҲˣЩһ⣬ȫڷ֮»ҷˡ
ʱһʮִɽȣ棬ҪŨ֪࣬˴Ϊξۼôˡ
ʱѾȥϢûϳħҲصü¶˿Ϣʱ˷֡
ȵڹʱһһ˵˶ڵ죬ҿѩͳЩˣôҲʱϲȥˡ
һֵֻζһȥˣǶɾͽܣôΣϵȥһ֮Ӳף
Ŵԣв΢΢һʱͣ˽ŲζȻѾȥˣ
Сӣʲô
Ȼͣ½ŲǬ֮Уһδ˹ħʶ
ع̧ͷȥֲһֱûԭȥˡЦԼȻ±
Ǽˣ߽ˣһ˵԰֮ǰʦ˵졭񿴼һŮҲȥˡ
˭
֪ʦ˵ֻλŮӵıӰһƳһգۣʧˣٶʵ̫ˡ
ģҲûмţ
ûУʦֵʱݣѣӣֻһӰĶѡ
ǼվԭأѣһƳѵ
¡
˼֮ʣԶһɽͷϣһ޴촫ɽȶһ£˽һѭȥֻǱߺȻ̹ȻǱ߶
ȥ
ʱвΪ֮Ǳȥˣһ̣ҲعǱǱߵĴǸղŵһɲǣӦǱһɼǿ
ٹʱķǱ߻ۣСӣȥ
ʱǬ֮ٴδ˹ħʶҲԥһˣһͬǱɽͷȥ
ȵǸʱֻɽ֮ϣ˸նţһ˿裬һѽʨ溮һϢ˵ʵǼΪ
һˣ˰׷ѩǸӣüһ죬гѩΨн֮ҲһѪ콣ۡ
ѩͳ
˺󣬸ղϹĲ˽һĿһƣ˵Ľ»ʬ׼ߣжʮ˵ˣѪֹ


1122 
һĻͷһǿ˽µʬ壬˸ǸеһղǰϹʱһԶȥ̫ɽͷ
ǿĵͽ
ʱҲδһʯ棬ʹԶҲȻܸܵΪߣھ׼ʥףһʱƬ̣Ҳ׼Բͱˡ
죬ĳҵİƱҪڴһָߵˣֻǲ֪㻹༸ɽ£ɻվȣ
һȣ棬ȴأԿȻһսʤδ֪ĪҪԳɰܡ
˿̣˽Ϣעų֣ʨ֮ˣʱѩˣ֮׹ѩ˽֪
üһİ׷꣬ǳã䣬ؽһˡ
֮ǰǳչǱ°ܽ
ѩһȣ˷ɷ˵һն͵ˣɽҡΣ˼ʹԶҲеһϣ
֮硣
Ŀ񣬲֮䣬ѻâɳһϼ죬˵ӣʱɣɽ۾һð˷ƣӿֹ

ĲѾãնϳԽսԽ£һȣǵâٳſڣǳ
ԼҵϮһܼı£ʱҲ⣬֮󣬳ٳ˵Ȼ֮һʱڶ
Զ˶ϢĿţ˿գֻۣɽ֮ϣһһͻ֣˿أȻ鸽ɽͷҪգ
ʼԶԣһһͬʱȴ
һ㣡
һȣֻɿ񵶣ȻδѲ˸ңǿ񵶾ʽʽض
˿ֲһնȫϻ֣ǽڳϣԵֵѩ־ڱصõһ
¡
һ죬ɽͷ飬εײɢʮƲ㣬͵罣˼ȥȻԶս֮ˣҲѪӿֹһЩΪԵ֮ˣǱɿֲĵ罣ֱõ˳ȥ
Ҳһ˲תԪסȫǶ˵ǶʵͬСɣһʱȴѷָ¡
ԶǿþĶǲѣղһĻʵľʴ˴Ȼб׼ʥڰ˭ܹסһ˭ܵסһ
ȴֻгͰ
ڸ˽֮ʱ֪һ֮Цǣ
ڳ֮ˣвһңҲҪУͷһʲôˣ
ǺǺǺǡ
ֻԽԽʱ·Զߣģڸ˶
ǵʱڳһЩһһЩвǳߣһ̾Ҳеӿ죬Ѫ嶥಻ѡ
ʲôˣ
ԭںսֹѩͳˣʱҲͻȻŮЦͣ
˾Ѱ֮Ц֮Уܱңڳδ֣ȴɢ
ڣԶһӰֻӯӯƻɣֻ΢΢·һһݣȻ̬
һǳǳ£˫ףƱ覣ϸǲӯһգ·ֱȣӭѩչ¶⣬΢紵ǳǳȹڣ¶֮֡
Ǻǡ
Ů΢̧һЦ˿ʱڳ
һЩиߣʱǵ̬ǴӲȾ쳾һֻ֮ˣһ̾ȻǱ˻ǡ
𽥱һʱеڸﲻѣֻ뽫ӵ뻳Уһ¶
Ĺ
ԶʯЩֹˮһɲǣж΢΢һæתľŮȻ
˻ĳ֮ʱԶһĵСã㵹ǱΪø졣
էŴڳ֮㶸ȻѹֻһһӰ֣ȴǸˡ
䲻ƸղŮһ㹴ǣȫ£Ҳ͸һ˵аȣڳӼ޷һЩŮӣһ±乴ס˻һ𽥻ɢ롣
ʲôˣ
ʱѩһȣ˷ʹøѹ
˿̣һ亹ɫɷףȻҲΪ۵ǾʲôˣȥƺΪΪɲ⡭
˼˼ȻҲˣǰ֮⣬µķӡȻѾɶˡ
ʱߺȻһߵЦһתͷȥȴһ̫龳ͷԷǺʱԵģ˿δв
ǰּˡ
кɲ⣬ǺҲΣո˵Ļʲô˼
ٺ٣Сѣɰ
ۺ룬һЦȥʮƽ׽ˣ˵Сѿɻǵã˵ǰδ棿
ǰԺ⣿
ƶǶһЦָԶɽϣŮӺаӣֵٿǲŮƤð׹ǣ
ŮƤð׹ǣ
΢΢һٴγɽۿȥȴˣʲôŮƤð׹ǡ
ԣǰղ˵ʲô˼ǰ֮Ⲽ·ӡô£
üһȥʲôŮƤð׹ǣֻʱʵ˳


1123 

ɽǱߣ˵֪Ϊ죿
졭
ɫ΢΢һԺЩ䣬ɲ̣Ҳ˵𣬲ƺһЩżϼֻ֣ǹֵļأ֮١
ٺ١
߼һ֪ӣЦЦھʲôԶŴ˵޴оʮ磬Ŷ磬ֻʮһˣھ죬ʮ֮ϵ죬Լħ޾֮еļ죬˼仹һ죬졭
һ˵Ѿˣ죬ӦԶŴ˵ʮеһˡ

߼ӣ˵죬Ȼ˽磬ȴԪŵȫ룬ҲԳһС磬ֻħ۶ɣסа֮аѱ桭
˴ͣ˼Ƭּ̣˵ħңаѱ棬Ϲħһս˥ܣԴҲսѷʼԪŵأǲûгɹ
˵˴ɽǱһۣ˵˵ǰͨԪŵ֮׷ӡ֮⣬ΨһһԪŵصͨǴӴҲ޷½硭
ӡ
Щ飬δκ˵ǰԪŵҲ಻Ϊ֪顣
Ϊ֪飬žֻм˵ū۷ˣֱǰ۽ɽ֮Ӵ˿һԪʢ
벻ţ֮ⲼµķӡҲɶˡ
ԶɽŮһЦֽŵСѿ֪棬ֱļص
һ˵΢΢һ˿˵Ըꡣ
ߵֱܹǡ޵塢̨̰աħ֮ԨԼ֮š
޵壬̨̰գħ֮Ԩ֮š
ɫ΢֣ƺıżֻǹļأʵ̫ˡ

ۣԶɽϣаӺŮӣ˵ǶˣҲµòǱǴģˡ
Ҳٴɽϵȥû뵽λߣȻ֪ô࣬Ǻˣ
֪γƺ
Ǻǡ
߿һЦۺ룬˵Һӱǣ֮£ҵҲ֪һ
ԭǺǰһ
ҲȻϣĴ滳ɣҲ͸¶ǲɣֺ뻯
Ŷ
һЦСѽһ¼䣬д֮ˣ֪Сһһ
Ȼһ£ǰһ
ǺǣҲҲ
ЦЦ˵䣬Զɽ֮ϣȻһ𵴣ֻһֱ춥ȻķҪڴ˴
Χһ±ýɽϣԭѩͳҲһŮͻȻͣ
ʱ˵ע˼۶ɵϣڳ֮ˣûвȥϵģֻ۳һȻֻʤߣʸȥ
ǣʱأ磬˵𡭡Ǻǡ
ֻǾŮһЦ̧֮䣬ǹǣЩ
ѩͳʱȻҲˣǶ˿ȥΪԲֻͣǲ֪ʲôˡ
˽֮ʱȻ䣬֪һֱ֮׹ѣѣһ̲˶òϢѵǡ֮Ԩˣ
ˣǾȻˡ
ڣһͳԶ˽һϢȻ֮Ԩˣ
˼֮ԨҲˡ
ʯߣӺٺһЦȴδԵò죬ǱĿһֻһڷ˲仯һӰǹӰ齥ʵ۳һӰ
ֻϴһŹ棬ȴ֪֮Ԩһλˡ
ϴʱ֮Ԩĺڰ޳֣µˣǺڰ޳ϢƺȵǺڰ޳˸࣬׼ʥΪ
Ŷ֪֮Ԩʮһλ
ǾŮһЦ˵Ȼ죬ƺǶԪŵصȴָƣ֮Ԩʮ޶֪
һ֮Ԩʮޣʱһ׷ǹ˿ȥ֮ǰ˵壬ʲô˼ʮһλ
ţعҲ
֮£һϵʱ׹̶û뵽ʮ֮׵عҲʮĵһ
ģֻǷˣʥΪβ桭
ֻع˫ָ󣬹µĿ⣬ƷĵâھŮϣص¶ˣϣˡ
죬塭
һԣһٴתͷаӺŮӿȥ˵ȷʵЩ죬죬塭ѵǣ
Ŷϳô
ǾŮǳǳһЦʱĶ֣˿̲סۣȴ֪ɱж£һ壬죬Ѫһ塣
Ȼˡ
һָˣղž;⣬ԭˣ
ʱһЩ˷Ӧ˹죬ѵǶǰռԪŵص죬
ǣΣ
аӵһЦȴ˿Եýţ˵ϣ˽ԿСýˣλˣѵĻͬĿ𣿡
Ŵԣ˶ˣ˵ԪŵУڣȴȥ˵鷳
һΪͣϣ˲Լ£һ滹оأǿӹɵġ
˴˴Ŀģǵϸߵķ죬ΪΪ䲻Զֻ棬ʲôУ
οԪŵأǶǰˣ
ʵ˵ǰǰǰԣֻм˲ʷѪܣڵһЩ󱲣ֻͼǰ֣ȴʷ
Ҫϵ죬ǾҪˣûˡ
عһ˵꣬һʱ𼸵ɫâһϢȥʱ˸еһ
ǺǣҪ̣˵졭
аȻһЦһ˲䣬ѳعչƣŮҲһ˲ȥӰʵǽ˷ֱ治壡


1124 Ӧս
ߡ
ԾϮعһһɴӿȥ䡱һ˵Ĺײʱɽһ˾кһϣЩõɳȥ
ڤ䣡
ȻǾŮһȣ˫ֲסӡʱХǾڤһɫĹ֮Ӱʱعȥ
ߣ
عĿԣָһʱǰһӡ֮Ӱȴ˹ӡ֮С
Զ˽һ֮Ԩʮ֮ףǾŮ˿ֲаĹҲֻع׻⡣
ķɷ
ת˲䣬ǾӵʽҲٿȻعԪһ˲ķ֮Ϊãɷֵ⡣
¡
˫ս֮ʣɽȻ־һȴ˫Ĵ򶷣һ⣬ȻҪ۶ɡ
ۼɣԭԶˣһ̾ȻСˣڰ֪ж˿š
˭ʤùͳһԣ
˴֮ʱѩȻаһһ缤ȥʱһ
Ȼ仰ЩԵȴѾˣɽۣһţձȻֻһϵȥ죬˭ȥǾҪ˭ˡ
Ŵһ˹Ȼͣ˽ŲǵУûһȥ죬Ҫѩͳ֣ʻЩ֪֮
ʱ֪Ȼһ֮ǰǰҲǳչϾ޳ˣ
һԣ˽һʲô˵ǺηʥˣѵԣҪλ׼ʥǿ
ǡ
ղ˵ˣȴǱʲôˣǴ˿վԵĺӣֻдʯΪ裬Ǳߵ˿ˡ
ʶ˼ȷǵ֮˵ʶȻҲ̽쵽ڡ
Ӹղ˵Ǿ仰ʱסԸղϣһ֮ˡ
ٺ٣ܰСѵģֻеˣȥɡ
ӦӺȻٺһЦһ˲䣬һһӿѽ˳ȥ
ʲôˣ
ԶһʯȻ˵ӰҿȥΪҲʮֲѩϰһᣬ䱸
⸽һ㶣ȻΪղ˵֮ˣˣԭ˻ΪǺηʥˣһƺҲֻǸƽƽˡ
һˣ˴ԲѣҪɱͳλδЩ̫Ŀˡ
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ˡ
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Ļ֯һм֪ɵЩһģһЩ֪Ī֯
ǣԴʮǰǴ֮Ļ֯Ҳ·伣һЩӲκйص飬ΪһξͻȻ֣һϡ
˿̣ɽ棬һ˲ԣֻɱˣȴ֪ǺΪһģȴǸɫˣӰʧ
ˣȥ˶Ҳһ
в˶ҡͷ̾ϢǣǾԲʱȥطġ

߿֮ϣƷӿһɿֲĽϢȫٶȴޣ̵ʱһơ
¡¡
ΧЪ֣ȻֲڣһһĽƣ˵ϡ
յһطϣܵһɱɱ֮⣬ɪɪټɽһӰ
ǰصɱУȴԼȥȫϢⱻ˿̽
ʹΪ׻ϣҲ̫⡣
Ȳ˵һж˷죬ǸĻҲôöԸ
ڴ֮ǰѾ㵽˼֣һε˫ᣬʮǰ˼ʮʥһγ֡
ʱҹӰȥ飬ҲһջûУʮʥĻ뵱길һŽϵ
ûСأôξһô
֮ʣԶȻһʱɫһķȥֻǱȻ˳
棬мһò޵ŮӣһϼϴŵЦ
Ůӵߣһ꣬˫ֽǰЦؿһмӣҲǸղ˵Ǹꡣ
ŮӵұߣһӣһȣȥΪ
ұߵˣǸùȵձߣһ£ȥЩأƺ⼸˵졣
ߵģһ쳣ӴӣߣһȻ㣬ϲյͨ
һ۱㿴˷Ѱ֮ȻϢֱ˽δ׼ʥ֮ȴޱԨһԿ⣬һ׼ʥˣ޹棬ô˶ϲ
Ļˡ
һ̣Ż߽ˣƽƽҲ䵭Ļĸ֣ˡ
ŶȻ֪Ļ
ааһЦֵȻ֪ʲôˣϽǰߣô
ɫ䣬ǺϼŮӿȻҲóһǷǰЩ˿ɱȣ˵´ͻȥɣҵҲͲ㶯ˣ˭³Щһ
ô䵭ΧŰȴǣа⡣
е˼
ǰһЦ㣬СӲȥ棡䣬ѻ㣬˲Ϣ䳯ȥ
ȵȡ
ǺŮһ죬Ͼɫ΢΢һȻΪóȻȥֻ׶༪١
ǣֹǰ˲ǰ˫΢һӡһɲǻʮӰͬʱȥ
ʮƶűһɱĹƣѰ֮ˣѵֵһж̫ˣ𵱳ɽķ֮껹ԶԶ
һ˲䣬㶴쵽걾ڣָһ顱һһ½˻ȥΧķӰҲһɲǻˡ
С磡
ŮһһУֻڵʯһ˲䣬ֻɫɷ׵ĵ˻
ղһָ˵زأ˵ᵹҲᣬٶʱڣ˹ˣ뾭ϡ
𣡡
Ȼ쳣ӴӴһͳӴһСɽ㣬ÿ̤һⷽԲʮﶼһ¡
ĹʮȫȻͬҪǱһȭеĻǿ²˲Ϊ࣬Ԫ񶼻һ˲顣
ǣû߹Уӱ㱻һ򢣬浹ȥصĳ
ĵҲСӵĶ֣ߣһϣ
ǺĿɭ䣬һ˵꣬ѻһѸ͵سȥ
ӣǺŮӣҲԥһ˲乥ȥİָҲٴγȥ
˺϶һʱ䣬صĳƲ㷭ӿֹ
ǣδƬ̣ȴһ˲仯ٿȻƣ飡˾ͬʱһƣ󵹷˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ƮƮأ׷ѩ½ǣҲδմһ˿
ˣԺŮϾɫأ˹֮ͬʱ֣׼ʥҲǣ׼ʥҲֻǴƽ֣ױǣȻϡ
ŮɫɷףĿ¶ɫؿǰ˵Ϣδ׼ʥʵȻѾ׼ʥʵס
һ˲䣬ע⵽һͷѩĳǱ˪ѵǡ
ǵˣ
ĻеŮӲһղҪɱԼˣôԼδػܺúվ
ߣ
һߣȥѪ˵б£ȥħºˣ˶
ħ¡
ָһ㣬һɲǣȻܵϷһ޵ϢϢǡ
㣬ߣ
˫ֽӡȥһ˲䣬ʧԭأκӰ
Ǽ뿪⸽гһɱ֮⣬ϷʣҲԥһǱ߷ȥ
ҹգӦħ±ȽϽˣΪѾԽԽܹоһصϢ
죬ȻҲһЩߣŵ֪ԭζЩˣѾˣֻһֱħ£Ŀǰûκһܹȥ


1130 Ԩ
ʱѾоħ½ˣԭգȻܲһ˵ѹɭȻ֮УһصϢҲѾԽԽˡ
صħ֮ǰôûз
ħվߣǰһƬܲʣ˵
ꡭ
ʱԶȻ֮˵Ϣ˸ƣһʯ档
ֻԶ׷ƮȻ˸÷̤ƣȥɷǣһȻΪǳ
ߵ˵Ը飬뾡ף䣬Ҷ𡭡
ǡ
ұü˵ζһвǳʦҲһԣΪ裬ֻ¡
֪
Ŀ⣬һɲǣ֮оһɱ͸ֻŶҲţܷסһС
ǡҵ֪ˣɣֻǡ
ߣϣο˭ôġ
˵ԶȥֱϢҲʧʱŴʯͷ߳Ŷȥķϣָʲôˣȴ޼ɵ˵Ϣغãǡ޴
һתͷħµķȥŶ̶Ƭ̼䣬Ǳߵƺ˼㣬ղʲô֮УƺҪζ
յģʲôħأġ
ʱħҲʯͷ˳֣һ˵ģȻЩνʥ֮ˣҲǡ
˴ͣͣ˵һһ棬Ҳͳֶնʬնеħ㿴ղû濴ȥɷǣʵȴκˣ˽ˣԼеȴħЩνħͳ򣬺Ǻǡ
һ˵ͷͷǵЩʲôħ˵ǰ߿вˣϢ̫أ㻹ǽǬɣ˲ˡ
֪ħʲôȥϢ˷ɹħϵɹ֮ʵڲأղʩֻ¹ħѾ˲Ϣˡ
һɹǣڷķ粨ڿɲ˵ЩŴֶ֮ͨˣԪ᲻ϧһд۶ɹǣһ߲֮
ҲãϷڣҪ񣬺Ǻǡ
ħЦЦٶԣ̽һ£ǿڲסϢ
ʱɫѾҲٵˣȥϢħǱȥˡ
ȵʱֻǷԲǧһص֣һԴѹָС
ָо
һɲǣΪξЩϤƬޱ޾صƺƺ
һΣðȥƺ棬Ǵ˿ѹֵĸо
ΪҲһɿµϢ
ѵ
ѵһУֻɺ
üĽǰһЩǰһĻǾ˲ѡ
ħ£Ϊħ£ȴֻһ£һûоͷԨ
һԨħԨӺʣΪʱԨУǲϷӿĺħһ
ʵ֮ϣ˿µһط֮ǰȥħڣʱȻҲᱻǰһĻ֮
һдȥˣֻһ粨飬Ѿȥˡ
˿̣ס˺Ϣȫأ֪ԨʲôһֻС¡
ԨʱǸܵһɼصħ֮ħ֮Բħڣᣬϣһħ֮
棬ֵʲô
ɻ󣬼ħϢԨǰУ澳ķǹŶһƬأ
һֱ֮ʱħϢԨȻͷԨҲһƬãħϢȾ£ʲô
֮ҪǿдȥǲеģζЩ˵ı£ᱻߣ
޷Ԩȥ޷ȥ죬Ԩ֮£ħϢأҲһµĽƣκͼǿˣʹħûҲᱻԨϷĽƴûҷ
Ѿȫˣ߿ǲƿʼɢȥ¶һ£ɫ¹Ԩ֮УħϢԨȥ·ӹˡ
Ԩ֮УӿһΣϢҲԽԽأˣ뿪ˣֲõԤУֻҪ̫Уϣ뿪
תȥ֮ʱȻ䣬ָܵһϢԶҲһӰ
ʱ˫ĿһոǵӰһԼԼϢѵζҹ
һɲǣоЩ֣ȥϢٽҹɫΪڣϢղǵӰʧķ׷ȥˡ


1131 ҹ
ããҹ֮УţΨħµħϢӿ˯صħһɵء
˿̣Ǻڰ֮УһӰ磬֪Ҫȥδҹ£ղ˵ģֻӯжӦһŮӡ
ȻԨ֮£һ춯ŮӵͣϢ񣬼ž֮У·ܹԼ֮
ǹ춯ʮͻȻȴԨ׵ʲôˣĳЩơ
ղŹһ·ʮֽСģᴥ˴ĽƣΨһڴֻ
һֻ̣һܶΪʱѾĳЩô˴Ʋµ
˿̣һƽֻ֣ҪԶһ£ȻٴһЩ䷨ƣп֮лҷ
ǺﲼҪأ
ֻڰ֮У߳Ӱصɱ飬֮£𺣬ǰˡ
λҲ޵֮ˣȴڴ˴ɷ֮ˣʧݣ
䵭ŮӵĿе˳̫䣬⺮ҹ֮УҲʲôˡ
ߣ
һһߣеŮӣصζ˴Ĺ;û֪Ҳû֪ȥ˺δɻʲôҪ
ζ
дŮ΢΢Щ漴ֱƽƽǸϴˣҲζ
ζ
漸һˣһ±ӥһ㣬ֱŮϣһۣ֮£òˡ
ʱļ˿û˼ȥòΣĿĵˣ꣬ȥΪҲ͡
ϣ˵ζô죿
һԣȻҲ׼ǰŮӣǲζ
ӰŮζͬϢһڵУҲǼǴ˴Ҫסûκοܡ
һɲǣһ˿âɴɱҲɷŹ
ֻ˫ֽӡ֮УʱƣĽâеŮնɱȥ
еŮӣʱУжޣȴȻ仯Ī⣬һʱ֮䣬ԨϷһƣɱС
һĻȴԶһ˾۵ף˲ǱˣǸղһ·Ϣ
˿̣ס˺ϵϢҲصüȻȷһ·ûбǸŮӷ֣ȷǣ˲ûзеŮ˭
ҹʱҲȷеŮǲζζ˭
ɷɷɷ
Ȼ֮һѪ⣬âһ㣬ֱŮɱȥ棬˺Ӳ󷨣ʹΧĽƣһ±øˡ
ŮУжԽԽأȿ½ƣһٸߣҲӻҷ
ڽ֮ʱŮһԾ˫ֲסӡ£ʱ⣬һ¾ǽƵֵ棬ȻǼΪĵ
ĵ
ˣҲ̾˵ܱܿƣζкܹ쵽ˣ
һ£˸ȷǰŮζˣɱһ±øأ˫ֲסӡҲжʱѪֱ⸽ħϢҲסӿ
ϣ
ʱƺͻȻʲôԣֻԨµħϢһ̣ڲӿ˹
׷ȻҲ쳣ɱѾΧӿħϢڲӡĽơ
ԲɣȻѪȾѪһƬԨ²ӿħϢǱÿֲ
ǾɫκδʱλȻ֣ȥֻˣħϢûʱȻɱζΣǿɲ뽫Ҳ
ٲס֣ȴ˴ħϢӿʱ˭ҲӲˡ
Ů䣬Ȼ˵֮ʱܺȻһ𵴣ķѺ۳֡
ϡ
󷨳ѺۣӸһ׷ȴɱȻвϽӡǿнһƣ롣
һ˲䣬ѪܵħϢҲѾԽԽŮüƳ޷뿪ǿдȥٸߣҲǾһ
ʱȻֻ˫ֲסӡһɲǣͷ֣۶ӿ£ȫǲϮħϢͽƣֵ档
ĵ
һ̣ʹڰҲ˫Ŀ˸ĵԲζ֮£ζѵǡ
¡
ʱȻһţֻŮ˫֮ȥ⣬һʱ仪٣ֱӿ£һǿƴɷ֮
ɷɷɷ
һѿѺۣħϢֱӿȥһ˲䣬׷ɫɷףʱ
ˣϣ󡭡ɣ
Ӹһɫ̶ֻһ˲䣬棬ѪˣһȫУһأ˭Ҳˡ
ħϢϳӿܿͻὫûȿֲħϢ˵ǣȻ׼ʥΪһɣܿҲΪħϢԨ£ʬħ
ˡ
һ£׷Ҳˣٹ˲ȥɱζֻƿ˴˵ɣħϢӿȻѾˡ
вԱУλڴ˲ˣ뷴亦
Ů䵭һ˵꣬ϻ֣ԵֵΧʴħϢͽơ
һ˲䣬Ȼˣ֮ޱħϢһӿͬʱһɿֲӿɢ˿
˲˫һţԶȥƬ֮ǸڻָƽħϢҲصԨǸһжݻˣ֮ûܹ⡣
ˣҲˣŮӣһ˲䣬һ⣬˳һ˲ʧˡ
⸽ֱųԶļһƬղŮӣζѵǡǧѣ
ΪΣҹħϢԨΪΡ
һУҲֻǲ²ѣҪ뿪ոǼ˴˴˴ƣʣԥһԶȥˡ

˰ʱ䣬ѾԽԽ࣬ȻܹģҪôΪǳҪôΪߵĳϴ죬Ѱ֮˸ϲ
գħ¸ҲѾ˲ˣ֮ǰڵĳѩЩˡ
ɼٶ࣬ٶ࣬Ҳܹħ£ȥ죬ǹħϢԨϵĽƣûκܹȥζҲ⡣
֮ҵηƳħϢ
ԨӰ´£ʱܹԵģЩʱ˵ģǳŲԶζ񲻶


1132 
ֻζվ¸÷ƮƮ˵졣
۱ֵĻڳ֮ˣ糤ѩعиǰһֲ֮ϣ
Ǵ˿̣˵Ŀ⣬ȫϣӡ֮澳֮ʢһУ޲Ľѡ
Ǹ߸ϵӣǶɾµӣμŮҺеһˣ֣澳˲֪
ԼЩҵĹӣҲֻеԲĽ֮飬ǱʲôǷ֮룬ƽҲֻ롣
ʱζԶ֮ﻹվһˣͬһ²Ⱦ˳òͷϴһڣƮƮϻ֣Եֵ˴ħϢʴɽһ㡣
ӲǱˣζʦģǶɾµӣֺš޳ҹ£ƻƺβδ죬ڣ˵Ӱ
˿̣˵Ŀⶼζϣž츳֮Ůںϣڳˣкܹˣ
ԭڷϣȴల£˴ʱ뷨һ£ҪιħϢԨڴڶ
˴ħϢںʱҵȽԲ֪óȻ룬ֶֻˡ
ζǰħϢԨ˽һ£죬ȴδҵȥķǵò鷳
һ²С޹̨ͳĽɼʦڣҲûʲôա
Ҫ˵ƽյ£һȪȣһͬɵصħأӳȴһɱ֡
һΣ˵֮գһѣʶ죬ȻʵѷʱɱȣҲʮСĽ
ʱһ˵˶üǵȻ֪˴ħϢóȻ룬ǿдԽҪιȥֻߣܷۼ֮һ磬˹ȥ
ü޾ħϢԨ
棬һֲħϢԨǱؽԪŵɿ
Ƿ죬չŶµƬʱɷħһµħϢԨҲ֡
Ƭֻ̣ζȥ˵ֽڴ˹۲ã֪Σ
һҲŷ׷ת˳Ŀȥֻһ±ϣվһӰī׷Ǳˣ
Ǹող⸽ȻʹЩϢһ֮ʱζǷ
Ǹǡ
ڳˣʵܶ඼δֻгˣѾ֪֮ˡ
λ֮
ع˫ָɽϵʹѾȥ£Ȼǵ죬Էһˣȵϵ졣
֮
Ⱥһ·Ȼ̫ĴţһЩ£Եʮء
ˣһ
ڳģҲвһĿ⣬һΪоЩǵ磿
ܣ磬ˣҲ󡭡
һѰ࣬ӣ
˵ʱѳ˷⸽˶ס˺һֱǶֻ֮飬ɱϡ
ֱһǷŸеѹȸУ˵Ϊ²ζ֮°
֪ȻҲ֮ˣڳ֮ȻҲˣζĹϵ㲻ϺãԲ֮ˡ
Ϲңģô𡭡
ԶһɽͷϣֻվһаӣһŮӣǾˣǰЩҲѾˡ
ǡ
ƼЦЦŶ飬ұѾԶʧˣҲܳˣСС壬޷ǻŵµһ˿˿ѪѣҲ뵱һԳң
Ȼ˿̵Ļᱻζȥʱħ¸˽
ζԶģʱĿҲϣȻǵϴζɽľ֮ȡľ֮ȴƻˡû뵽񣬴Ϊɲ⡣
˿̣ζƽˮʵΣֿ뵽취ħˣ
˵Ŀ⣬һ̶ϣȻ澳Ľܳ󱲣Ϊģֻζλᣬһ֮ˡ
˿̣ҲζصУ֪ӸҲĳȥǸطˡ
Ŷ
һ˵ζʱĿһһ˲䣬ȻȻһΣͬʱȪĵأ󻹱ħأһΣܲҪʲôɣ
ʱһ˵Ҳ׷ȥ˵ǸطĸطѵܹħϢԨ


1133 ʥ
ӴǧħϢɽȣλܹȥħϢɽȣܴԨ
˫ָ󣬵˵ţʵһ뿪ħϢԨ󣬵ڶգȥǸ̽졣
ǰЩյʱһħϢɽȣǹн̫أΣҲδܹȥֻк֮ƿǹеĽơ
˵Ŀǡ
ζһƺҲ֪Ǹط֮ǰȴһֱδ˵
ôҲȥɽô
ǵǸŮӣǲһ֮ҲӰ
ǧ
಻ˣʱҲ߷ȥֻǱƳ͸һ˵ѹָо
ǧħϢɽȣλҪȥһ£ܹȥħҲ˵
תͷ˿һۣص
⡭
Ŵԣв˶ͷȻЩԥܹȥǵ죬ٺò
Ҫ֪죬Զɱȣ챦ʮ㣬һգ˼һ£㲻ȥǾķ˫ܹȥ߰죬ҲǼõġ
Դ˿̣ôһ˵֮в˶ˣȻǲҪȥ죬ֻȥ͵ڰΣǣħϢɽȼΣգֵΣ
в˶Ϊ֮Уʱǰһ̤˵ҵȼˣǰȥһδͨҲˡ
ôһ˵֮ԭȻԥˣʱҲ׷׵ͷȻˣǲһͬǰȥ˵
磬ҲȥΣԶɽͷϣƼˣһЦ˵
ð
Աߵа΢Ŀһʼնζϣǧһ֮ŮôǺǡ
¶аĿ⣬ƼһôǿֻСô
ɾͽܣǺǡ
аһЦʱŽĿջһҲħǱ߷ȥ
ö˹˾һʲôˣڳһЩӣƼǾʱһʱ䣬еǾƮ
عͳˣ֮ǰʱѾˣҲ֪ˣ˲ǰС֡
ǣС磬ּˡ
ֻƼһЦ˿ֻһۣб㸡ֳ绨ѩµĻһʱ䣬ֻе಻ѣΪһŮӣħһľʧ
Ĺ
Ȼ䣬˲ŷӦղŲ֪УŮӵȻֱ̫֮а죡ʲôˣĹ˵ã
ڳһЩĸߵߣղžȻʧˣԼһ쳾뵽Щ绨ѩ֮£
һʱ䣬ֻеգæԸڹԵӣǲٿŮһۡ
ʶ
ζȻž޲ĵģһ˿ɱȣǰŮӣаӣܶҡһ˿ġ
֮ǰڵʱԶԼƼһۣعͷ˵

ζ΢΢ףһɨعͷٶԣԶվ±ϵĿȥʦ֣߰ɡ
áҲԣǰ·ߵˣҲȥ
һ·ϣζ˶ĬʱζΪȻҲ˲٣ԭΪܹΪΣɴʱŷ֣ȻԿ͸ԷΪ
ͬˣ޷ζΪֻеӹ⾳֮ʱпȫϤԷΪ
һ·ãڳˣ޲˼һħϢȾȾ֮ʱζȻһ֮ǰĻˣ
Ŷ
΢΢һôˡ
ĻˣĿĲ֪ΪΣ֮һˣ뵱һЩ
ζһ˵꣬һɨٶԣ˼ǣڡһˡ仰ƺ⣬ƽ֮УȴּһЩ
Ҳٶԣ길ףһ˵Ϸƾ죬ζʲô
ڶգǧħϢɽȣȥֻħΧһУš
⡭
ʵ⸽˴һħϢɽȣɽȻһŨŨħϢ֣лŲСĽƣȴΨһһܹͨħϢԨȥĵط
¿óȻУ˭֪ûʲôֲĴڣοɽҲؽƣóȻĻ֮١
ڴ˳˰죬գ֮Ԩعǰ˳˵磬ӣѩоλѣн̽һΣ
һԣȫóȻĻָᷢʲô飬Ǽһ̽Ҳã²Ƕթ֮ʱҪ취˵
Ȼ˿ڳ֮棬ŲΪ֮Ҳȥôൽɽ棬Ǽ˽̽죬ԡ
ʱһվ˳΢˵ˣͼλһ̽ˣʲô쳣֪ҵˡ
λûɣ
ع⼸˿ȥƼһЦҵҲȥ澿ʲô
֮ǰѾֻΪ̫أ޷һڣôˣٴγԡ
Ȼ׼֮ʱħϢɽ棬ȻһɭɭЦǺǺǣλˣҪȥɽ桭
ʲôˣ
治˽һ䱸û뵽ɽȻˣǺ棿
ǺǺǣλؽš
ԽԽģֻȿڴһӰһߣһī˫ָÿǰһȴ˲˰ɾ룬ܿѾǰ
ˡϢ
ڳ˽һ˵˭ΪϢΪħϢԨһ㣬ɲ⣬Ѱ׼ʥܱȡ
λѣ֪ǡ
˫ĿһŬҪ˭ǶԷͷ⸽Щ谵˵ģ
ǺǺǡ
ߴһЦֻ֣羪ơ
羪ƣ
򵥵֣һ˲䣬ȴȺǷһ羪֣ڳģ˲֪
Ҳһסˣǧ򻯣Ī⣬ʥ羪ƣ
˽δ뵽ǰ֮ˣǵʮʥ֮һĹʥ
ʮʥ棬޲Ǹ߱죬һ׼ʥܱȣܹʮʥ֮ˣǷ֮ǽʥ֮УҲһʥǿ߿ɱȡ
ֻǵ꣬һ֮ʮʥȫ˼ǰЩӣҽʥҩʥλ䣬񡭡ʥҲˣ
Ƿζţ⼸λҲ䣿ʲôˡڣη


1134 ̫
һ̣ɽǰһƬ˶Źʥ羪ƣһ
ҪȣҪˣ󣬾һ⣬ɽ棬һϹʱ̫ҪǿȻʥǿߣҲֻһ֣Ǿǡ𡣡
ĵ˵ţڳ˶˸˵ҪﴩԽħϢԨҲǲˣ
ȻʥѾȥˣҲҵٽ̽һˡ
ʱع˵ĩ˿ȥ磬һˣ֮δزƿнƣڹʥ˵ģһƣ̫Ҳƽ֮
һԣ˶ԥҪҪڣ
ǲɽȣȥ죬ǽɽȣһոõΣ
ʱ˿̣Ҳǰʥ羪ƣһɲǣƺѾ֪ʲôˣʮʥ׷ɱ׵ǼĻˣص֯
ڹʥѾˣôأǷ⼸ˡ
ĻǸˣǸĻ족ˣ־ʲôˡĿģֵʲô
һеһУ·Ҫˮʯȴǣһ
֣Ҫ𣿡ʱζȻתʵ
عĿӹʥ˻Ǳһԡ
ĺɫʱɫӻ谵ˣҲɽһԣʹԾ޷ƿнƣʱȫˣˣͲȥˡ
ʦá
׼ɽȥ֮ʱĺȻסζ˫ü΢ӣлҪ˵ȴֹ
ʦ֡ôˣζתǰλһ·һֱʦ֣ʵ
ûûʲô
ҡҡͷɭħϢɽȥ˵֪ΪΣܸо˴죬ǰʦ˵ΣҪ
˵˴ͣعͷζһ̣üͷøˡ
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ʦ֣˵ʲô˵޷ζٴֹ˵
ûûʲô
ҡҡͷٰѸղŵĻ˵ˣֻɽȺʦãҪСġ
֪ζ˵ͷٶԡ
Ƭ̣δȫʱ˿ʼ½½ɽȥˣʥҲУڣʲôˣʲôԹʱ֡
ħϢɽʱֻʯᾣ滹һЩݹǣЩͷߵĹǺҲϲЩʲôĹǺһЩϹޡ
ɽм֮ʱܵĽƽˣħϢҲԽԽأ˱֧Ԫ磬˴ħϢȾħϢ壬Ȼ˼ԪҲضС
ǰĽƣѾԽԽˡ
ԼԼѾܹǰܲǲ֮Уʱʱ罵£ʹųɽȣһЩĻŵ
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ǰ·һ֣֮ǰҲ޷ˡ
ǰ߹һԽԽأŶϹħ£ʹѾȥ£ɷͬСɡ
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ζһɨѽ޹̨һҪʩǴֱʣ̨ɼʱʦΣա
Ҳԣָһϵʱ͸һɱϢ˲߱ȫ
ͬʱʮһҲ֣ܡ
һһ
ֻζ޹̨֮ϣзһɨһ̫ӡʱɳȻһʱƿǰߵĹƣʹֳ֮һ·
ǵ̫ӡƿǰ߽ƣн԰̾ɵĵȻ
ʱҲԥ׷ʩǰߵĽƴȥڣ˺֮£ǲƣ㿪ʼɢˡ
˾һ𣬺ƿвƣֱҹ֮󣬲ڴɽм䣬ɽ棬Ҳ֮ǰʥ羪˵Ǹط
ǡ
ֻϣȻһ޴̫ͼһһУȻɡ
һ˲䣬˽Ըеһ꣬ɾΪ
һһ֮νǰȻ̫󣬱ǵħ֣˹
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ָоһַǰ̫󣬱Ƿ˭Ҳܴһ㷨
˭Ҫ㷨ôǣ㹻ǿ߸һ̫ת
䣬кܹ
һɲǣȻԨǰ̫ûκܹơ
˵Щˣپǧٸʥ֮ˣҲϸʱµô
ˣֲ


1135 
û뵽֮󡭡
ʱ˿̣в˶̫ͼ̾һʱǶʢĹŶ磬ҲѾ飬ȴһ̫ʵ
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һ̣ȻҲܹܵ󲻷ǿҲܵģû˻ȥ
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ʱһЩɣջ˵˳ǷҲԹˣȥãһȥȻнơ
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1136 ζִ
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ˡ
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1137 
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ð
а˫Ŀһϵ̫ͼͺϷ˵ֱ̫ˡ
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1138 
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紵͸һɱ֮⡭飬ܿܿǡ
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ԭΪֻζľǰˣŮת֮ѩ覣ѣմһ˿쳾


1139 Կη
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һķԾԭ澳ˣֲôˣȴûʲôӡԭԪˣΪʢš
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1140 
̫ֻǧѺˣһԲȴϬʹиոʧ֮ƽ
˶ղǧǹ·ڣǡ
ҿˣҲδƵ̫ˡ
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·ˣס˺˿ֲȻ֮ǰζʦֵȥʱĽơ
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1141 
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鷢һŭȻҲֵס۶ӡգ̫ͼκϢ

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1142 ԣ
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һ˪׷ϢԨ˭ġ
ʥɭɭ˭ģҪҪǣ㲻ȥھ졣
ҪӱǾͿʮʥûˣ
Ϣһ𣬲ٶԣƣһƳʥȥ
ԴʱһĹƣʥȻΪҲƲСӣԪһˣͬһƴ
顱һһܵʱɽѣʥһˣ²΢΢һĹ

壬ӢͷףˮһƲ̨̲Ψд˴仨ܹǲз
ʦˣʦ⼸Ҳ֪ʲôȥ氡أᣬᣬǶᣬʦҲᣬɽ桭ߣ
һ£˫֧ã죬Թ֮ɫĻ׷Ǳˮ
˺һſһط˼ʮƬ꣬һʱ棬⻨ʦΪμˣҲû紵ߣҲûбĻ֣⵽ʲô
ףѵǡʦ
һˮڿЩһʦʮ׼ԣܷ⿪ʦԡ
һԣϸоԽԽüͷ壬֣֮ôԽԽˡٿ
Լһʱ䣬ˮɫʮɷף۲ŵĿŵϵһҲô׵󡭡ֲãֲ⼸նʦʦһԣ˭ġѵѵʦ֣
һԣһԾʦʦ
һ紵صĻ괵ɢˣˮˣȴʯһ㣬ҲǶʧˣ죬Ŀ¶֮ɫ
δ׵ԣʮûκνⷨ棬ʦ֡


1143 ж
죬ɱڣ֪ǰ֮ˣǵ׷ɱĸ֮ˣֲһ˿أ
ɽ֮ΡȻԨ֮һһʽֱɳ̣գ
̶Ƭ֮䣬ʥ羪ǱƵòˣû뵽ǰˣɱо
֮ǰʱһҲûܹȻǧ򻯵ͨɴʱ£ҲԷӳ
˿̣ȼɱ羪˿Ҵ⣬ָѽѧʩչֻӰ˲Ϣӿͬƾأ裡
ɭ䣡
һȣӰʱӿȥȻȴ˷̧˲䣬ӿͬʱһһѺâɽ˲ɣһƲӰֱ羪ɱȥ
˫򶷼֮ʱȻ䣬һѪӰЯɱϮѪʥС
ɱϮ˲䷴Ӧԭʥ羪Ƶһƣȴջأһƹˣ˲䣬¡һʱɳ̡

Ѫʥһˣ΢΢һû뵽һƣԷĹ
ٶȳ֮ʱһˮȻϮһ죬佣˲ϢƿնѪʥ˫һ̧æһԪǿסǧѹһ
ʱʥǧɽѩԼĶʥطƣһ˲ˣͬʱɱǧѣ
Ըˣصġ
ͬʱǧɽˮδʣȴǽ
ˮ飬̺ۣ
ֻǧһնʰμ¡һˣǽԶɽͷһƽˡ
ʥ˫һУüĵӣδʣȴ֮ǽˣֽΣ
һɲǣѶŮһɲ⣬Ӳƴóģ˴򶷣öΣӰ٣Ϣǧ¶
һö֮ʮ㶨ҪСġ
һǧĿ΢עڶʥطϣ֪רĶԸʥ˵Ϊ򵥡
ʮʥѷǵɱȣǰʥǵ֮£Ȼ˿δˡ
ת˲֮䣬˹ɱвϣֱ⸽ɽʯѣŨذ
˫ãΧɽѱݻ٣⸽޽ƣȻơ
¡
һ죬ԶƺӿѪʥʥˣԱǧˣһ˲䣬ֻǧɱ֮ǻӰ֮ʵʵڵķԵͨһ塱
Ѫʥʥ˺Ȼû뵽ĵ˵ãܹһɼұ죬Ȼ޳۶ˡ
۶ô
ΨʥطƣʱȻ鵭Ȼ˿Ҳ죬䣬ֻʽ춾ǧʴȥ
۶໤ǧҲСⶾһͬʱһԪȻ֪ΪΣһɲǣȴȻеһգ˲־۳һ
ħֵ۶Ҳ򶾲֡
طЫһָʱһϮǧǿȴֻеԪʧ˲طƵĶȴԼҲ֪
ʥطƣö֮ʥ֮ҲСղվǴˡ
۶Ҳˡ
طƶ֮£ȻĹâһ˲䣬ѳǧѹЫϺɷɷȻо綾ҪٱУֻᵱ㱣ҲضΪ
㾡һԡ
ʱѾо綾ǧȴɴ򶨣ԪһһƻӳȻɽ
ôܡ
ط΢΢һû뵽ԼƵĶȻһΪҪ֮ʱȴȻ顱һǧһ˲۳һӡϡ
ۣ
طƵʱһѪ浹˳ȥЫҲδסһ·˳ȥ顱һһʯ档
ʥ
ʥǧɽѩ΢΢һ˹ȥסüŮʮ֮ߣͺˣαء
¡
طĨȥѪĿȻǧѣһ죬ԶЫ˻˵ҵĶԽ˹Խɢͣ㣬ͻᶾ
ղһȻͣҲȷʵطԣǧо綾ǿ˹˵һǧ˰٣Ѱ˵ĶڣʥĶѰ֮
жˡ
ʥһ˲ɵǧߣֻɫѾʼЩ΢΢ףʱĿһطƿȥҩ㲻
ҩ
طЦһѪǽҩԸԼһѪһѪⶾȻҲͽˣ޾ȡ

һ˲䣬ɱɭȻʱǧȴһҡҡͷ
ɽ
һȣһɽӰȻ֣ɽڡкηԸ
ɱ
һɲǣ֪ΪΣɱֱȡطһ뵽ˮ̺Ͳչʽֵ
ɽյ
ɽӰ˲ʧһٳʱǲطǰɲǡ𣡡


1144 ⶾ
ֻɽһ̧֮УȻһʮѺۣٿȻطȥ
ġ
һɲǣʥ羪˲˫ֹӡһᣬһɫâɳ䡱һɽǵѺ۵ˣ˫Ĺȴ÷Բһ
ǡ
ѪʥкͺʥǧɽѩһǰӰĪǡꣿɾȻ׼ʥϵʵ
ɽ
羪΢΢һѵǵǸɽΪΪꣿѵ
һɲǣѾ뵽ʲôˣٴȥ֮ʱĿԴһɾ֮ɫĹɽȻˡ
㽫һ
䣬˪ɽɱʥ羪ƣûκ˵ģ顣
ɽյһ˲䣬ֻɽɷӿֱԲҲȾųһƬ
ħޣű䣡
һȣԲ֮ڣɷ˲仯ӰХֱ羪Ƶɶȥֲѡ
˺󡣡
羪һ˲䷴Ӧ˹˫ֿٽӡâɴܶһ˲γһǿĽ磬¡һɽǲӰԵֵ档
쪣սţ羪ԶʱЩ࿴ܹһλֵֻ꣬ϧȥ˵ھ졣
˵գֻһһ磬ʱһƬͺ߲طƵˣ˲ʧ
ָֻƽֻ紵صĳɳΧüɽ壬˸ղŵĴս֮¡
ⷽԲʮԣ׺һڣʹȥҲʲôӰ졣

ͻȻ䣬ǧѷһƺߣɫһ±øӲ԰ˣʥطƵĶҽʥˮ̺ҩʥͬʱڴˣ۶Ҳѽ˶ֻʱסⶾؼɢ

һü뵱ʱǴѩĺϮʱԶԶĺĶ֣ؼңҲֻϼع۲ǿԸ˴ˡ
ĺһ˵ãع۳˲ؼң¶һʱҲȻᱻǿдߣԵʱع۳սĺһԡ
ⳡԣ䶷Ǳȡĺ¶ⶾǶ⿪ˣӮǶδܽ⿪ҲͶˡ
ǵʱҲѽĺ֮һΣգΪĺĶһöһö֮󣬿ν
ʱǧ֮֮أһΪ
ʣ˶ΪǶʥطƵĶʲôԣ
ΪĶܽ⣬Ծʥ֮ˣҲĴּɵʥ֮ҪɱѣѾдֽ֮ɱˣǵͬҲԼ
û¡
˿̣ǧһǿ֧ţȴȻóжǳɫѾԽԽѿˡ
ȻҲֵܵסʥĶʦü˶ʥĶҲ˵һ¶ûС
ǹʧˡ
ǧԶղ̽쵽ǹʱѾܲˣ˵Ǵ۵㣬ѾʧˣҲȥ˰档
طƵĶʮʱⶾ֮ǣҴŨ֮أⶾ
üѾ˲ʲô۵ˣ취ǧѰѶ⿪˵ϣʥĶ˵˵ѡ
һ滨ţ̲Զһƾĺ˴Ȼνһ˵ʥء

ǧɫһף֮жɢ
벻ط֮Ŷ̶̰ʱ䣬ʹǧѾԷǶҲй֮סԣɽȥ
䵽һǳˮǰ£ǳˮˮԲظ嶾
˿̲ԥɽڹȿںǧˮȥȥ󣬳ˮһû֮䡣
֪νⶾôǧ촽԰ף΢΢תͷһ̣˵ҲԵЩˡ
֪һЩ㲻Ҫü΢Ԫһˣʱ˫·

ǧѷһƺߣһ˲䣬ֻеȫ߹һʹĸо
ԼһüԽԽ˶֮ǵʱĺϵĶɱȡ
ΪѷǵɱȣֻҲһĪչڣ谭ǧ֮䡣
طƵĶʮĳ̶ֳ˵ȵĺĶңȻߣͬһˡ
ڣҪǧ嶾֮谭ңǧڣʹɢø죬ȥ
ΪΡͣ£ǲͣˣǧɫ԰ף΢΢ʵ
һ̣üͷøˣˣʱڱʶϣͬ޼䣬֮谭ֻһ
֪ˡ
ǧ촽԰ףҲѷǵŮ֪ʱйǡ
˺һüɶؼɢ̣ʱҲԽˡ
۾ϣǧ˵Щȴʮ
áԣ۾
ǧ⿪ѣԭЩ԰׵ӣʱӿ죬ǻָɫ
֪ΪжǴʱţֶֻҲʹûĳˮһȦȦ⵴
ڣ⿪½ˮ棬ǿˮһ仨ӳˮУ覵˫硣
ãˡ
΢绺ؿǧֻеȣҲЩ
ü΢ԥ˫Ԫһˣϣˮһļʱһȡ

ǧִһƺߣϸӸеȣʱܹԸоһ˿˿߱Լȫ
һһҹǧɫȥѾ࣬˿̣ɫȴ𽥿ʼףȻΪ嶾һһҹʮִ
ǧҲûģʱʶڿʼģ֪˶ãֻеǰһڣϵȥ
̽סˮһ̽Ѵϣʱ۾
ֻǧ˫գѾһ㺹飬ж֮ѾȥطµĶѾɾˣֻҪָɡ
ϵѾˮʪˣˮбȥһɽϵˮֱƸɣʱȴ⿴֮£ӽؿڵλãһǳǳӡƽۣȴ֪ǺΡ
ǡ
ɫһļʶ۵ǳӡǣѰ⵽ʲôӡǣ


1145 
ǧѿһЩȻЩ񣬿񲻶ؿ£ӽؿλõӡ
۵ǳӡǣʲô
üĽֻһѰӡǣԲע⣬һӡǣʲôͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˵
һ̣Ժֻ˵ŵǸŮҹǳŶˣԪ츳ߵˡ
ζһ澳˶֪ζԪҲû˲֪ǧѡ
ζװף־ʲôˣ
ģԽԽһǰ˯ȥǧѣµӡʲôˣ
һ̣Ժֻ˵ɽ壬һΣԼһ𣬻忴
һУ񶼻ǵ￴жˣ񣬰ѾˣҲûˣҲǴǰʦˡ
Ȼ䣬еĿһʹǱĶݺ׶һ£ѾܾûйĸоˣñһУ·𿴵ˣҲôˡ
Ǵ˿̣뵽꣬뵽壬뵽ʱǧѣģֱʲôһ¡
㡭㡭
ʱǧѺȻ˹ܻЩȴʶסؿڣŬԱһƫͷ㡭ʲô
ȻѣҲ̻عһʱ֪οڣ˵֮ǰԹȥˡ
أ㻹ȥǧﻹݣȻͷƫɽһߣȥ
ҲȷǷвء£ͽҡ
ü΢һ仰˵꣬Ҳˣתɽȥ˼ŸԼȥΪԼµĺӡ
ֱĺɫĺϣǧѲŴɽܵϢѾָ糣üʵ඾𣿡
ûˡ
ǧҡҡͷʱЩֵֹģֻĺɫ£ɽЩİ
գ޷˹
ģ̌ƿ˿ȻڵĶѾˣɲطƵĶϾ˹κһϺڵĸ֣ܹء
޷˱á
Ȼüһ˵ţһ⿴ȥһֻعͷ˴ɽ棬ڴ˻ָ
أҪȥ
ǧҲҪȥѰͨڰ۵ôҲԣ֮ǰ۵ʧˣǸζȥˣ׷ȥĻ죬ܾζȵˡ
û£ȥɡ׼˵ʱȴҡҡͷҲȥڹ⡣
˱˴ӣһ̣ǧǺȻʧˣĺɫ£·ǰˣͷһڣģҲ𽥱Ǹʣʦ磬ȻҪʦˡ
ɵһգۣڵӣ׷ѩ˪ʼգûб

һʣ¹⣬ӳյøӳξ覣羵ӳϷǵ㡣
ǵ죬Ի֮ܿɵ˵ڰ죬ھ죬žͲ֪ˡ
ҹ֮ʱڹȿ֮ȻܵȥЩ΢ȷȷʵʵ
Ȼпγһ۵㣬ȵȣԡɫһ̽ʶ̽ֻһطۣطۡ
ˣ
һ£ɻ֮ʣȴɽ濴һۣУڲ뿪ǧһδָʱҵɽؽ뼫֮С
ħ
һ˲䣬뵽ʲô̽ħǬз˳üʵܸӦʲô𣿡
ֵ
ħҲȥòŵֻһѵڲ󣬾ڷ첼˾ǡʥ֮ˡ
ʥ
ʹʥѲİʱӹħǲɵ΢΢һ歷˲˵ʥ֮ˣôᡭѵ
һɲǣ뵽ʲô歷ֻ˵ʥ֮˲죬ƺһ⣬ʥ֮˲죬ԭڷһֱûгȥأ
ȵȡЩ֡
ħٴӦʶٴ̽ħȴֽһСӣ㲻ҪˣԷʥ֮ˣ㽫ʶ̽ȥܹܿʶ
ŴԣźȻеһˣԷʥ֮ˣԼʶ̽ȥڵδ̽Լǧѱ¶Σ֮£
ôˣ
ʱһֻǧ˳Ѿħʱе죬ֻȥ£
ûС
ҡҡͷʵ㹦ָ𣿡
޴󰭡ǧ΢΢˵ͷ˵ʱȥһҲü


1146 
ȻһǧҲܵˣǹЩѰ˺Ƭ̣żعͷҪȥ𣿡
˿ü΢ȫʢʱڣԲصģɲطƵĶѾⶾһʱҲȫָ
ǧȴһɫˮ˵ˮʼڵʦĪˣķʲô𣿡
һֻ̣ˮתǷﻹа˵ӣ
ʱ뵽ʦüϣĹһΪġˮǧԼˮ
һʦżϹŲƪķˮǧʮ˵õķʱ˲ŵ㣬ȴܹ䷢
üһʱüһ辪Ϊˣô˹ķʵ̫Ѱ请壬ڶӵУǧѩߵȵӻǿһĵӣԲо衣
ֱǧɽ֮ʱüһ۽УˮǧڣǧҲȻδʧ󳬳üµԤϣüԼЩţϾʾ֮ˡ
Ŷ̶꣬ǧˮǧϵ裬㳬ͬʦ㣬񣬸дԣˮǧü֮ˡ
˿̣а룬Լ˲طǵĶҲδܹôָȻ䳤һҲˡ
˲ԥȥϢǱȥˣȵһ۵㸽ʱѾˣܾҲ
ֻǰߵɽ͸һʮŨǰǴ۵㣬ɽ档
ȵȡ
һ죬ͣ˽Ųһɲǣܵ˹лбϢѾ˱ȵһˡ
ʱǧҲħ˵һЩڷһ·ϣʮֽСģʥǿ֣߳ԷûģǽҲؽơ
ͬǰɽȣضһ۵㣬ҵˣͨڰ죬һʥǿߺȻ֣Ҫóܹ
СһЩ
ȥϢɫøˣϢɽ棬ɽʱһ⻺۶ɣʱΧȴŲߣҿΪ͵ģҲʥˡ
֪Щ̫ͨģҲҪȥ죬ֻǣδ׼ʥΪȥ죬
˿ǧѲʱδ۴мȥΪ͵ߣ׼ʥΪ֪澳ķˡ
Լһǵг֮󣬶ϵɱҲԽԽأǧȻڰδȷ⸽ûвűĸֺҲʱ
ڣһԽԽʢҲȻʱ֣ﲻ࣬ȴɱз׳ʣһһʽ֮䣬ֱȡԷȥ
˴ò֮ʱһ⣬ҲȫΣϷӿȥڰͨȻǰ
ǧѸԥһ˲˳ȥֱʽֱӽǰ˳ȥ
ʲôˣ
˴룬ͣǰ֮͡Ǳɵ߾긦һϳǧѣһ
Ŷ
һݣȻڷˣĸû˵֮ǧѵ֣
ԭ֮ǧӡ
ʱȴδԵжôɵǰˣһµߣҲãҲգλҪȥҲýء
ء
ȻصﶼѾǵˣʲôء
˵ʲô
һɲǣ߸һ䣬ȻȫӦ˲ȥ̩ɽѹ֮ƣֱȥ
ȻҪǿ˽˲תԪǻУȴȶ֣һƻ£ʱѹǧҲһ˲ѿʮѺۣǼ˸ǸеһϣĹ
ǧҲԥһ˲ȥ⼸ǰֹɻδ֣㱻һ˳ȥ
ǼΪãǸղǧһֱ˴Ԫ֮ʱ⼸Ȼ׼ʥΪܹ˵Ķ֣
ǰߵļһ˺ǧ˫һ㣬۵ȥͬʱһҲ˽ͬʱ߶Ԫ̤գȥ
ǼҪȥ׷վһһ۵㣬ֻݶͨУȥĻؽܽƣĽƣܹܡ
вʣ˿̣±߼ˣҲֻǧ˵ӰʧǸ߿Ʋ

֪˶ãڴĲƣ˰棬һ棬ʱܵһɱϢϮ
ڰ죬ʵ̫ˣʵһС
Ѿҹ֣֮·һƬֻƮһʮ־޴ʯͷСɽһ
һЩƵĹҲƮڿУһЩ޵ĹǺҲƮš
ڸ֮ϣһգ߲ۣҲ˸ܲů
һУǴ˵֮еġս硱һбգֻڱ
棬ӦþǾˡ
ģ̌ͷŸ֮ϵ֡աΨһͨĵط沢ûжôǿĽƣҪȥôߵĵطȴΪףûκ˿ֱӷɵôߵĵطȥ
棬ųһƬɽɽľΨһľʯڿС
￴ȥһ磬ΨЩƮڿУƹϵĹ֤ޱȻԻͣȴ֪ں֮֡
ֻͨЩʯ͹ȥˡ
ŰƮŵЩʯȻֻͨЩʯϣղȥ档
ֻȥڼ䣬ȻҲⲻΣգ˱ʱҪСġ
߰ɣԿ
ǧѲԥ˫һ㣬չṦǰеľʯϷȥ
Ҳ漴ȥԽϣԽ̹ǣһЩεĽΧЩƵĹܡ
ڵһУСд⣬ؽ뼫ΣյС
ʱ䣬Ѿ֪ϵˣȻͷǱһޱ޾
벻ڰ죬Ȼ˹󡭡
䵽һʯϣɫ΢ǵ͹˷죬ϾŶһƬ˵Ԫ
ڵΪһڣɽ£ɵɸ߿֮ϣȻڰǧϷҹȴȻͷںδ
棬ҲûκˣΪ̫ˣζʦģ˵֮ңԶ˴֮䣬ϢӦ
ȵȣǡ
ʱǧ飬Ȼһ±üΪأ˳ĿȥֻԶһĺڵ㣬ڳ߿
ǺڵԽԽǴӱƮһ˲䣬Ҳס˺Դ֮󣬶ͱΪУʱǰƮĺڵ㣬͸һŨŨ


1147 ֮
һ̣ɫֱǺڵ֮ʱ˷ſ壬ǾȻһӰֻƮڿУֻȻǻˣһʬ塣
ʬ壿
һ֮ʬ壬ѵˣ˸ص
һЩ
ڰǧҲ±Сʱһʯ֮ϣδԶǾʬ忿ֻʬ壬Ʈ
ʬ忿֮һ죬һ΢֮ʱʬ˾ʯ֮ϡ
ʬȻǱ䣬Ѿȥ꣬ϵȴʮ
һǧѲȥԽǿʬ壬Խܹܵһɱ
ˣӦѾȥܾˡ
ʬǰһӣʹѾȥ꣬ȴȻüҲȻܹóǰȻҲһλĸ֡
һɲǣԺﲻֻ˵꣬ȥɱžʱ򣬾ɳĮ䵽ɳĮµϹżʱżҲλȥǿߡ
ֻǵʱλǿߣʹȥ꣬ҲȻйɲǿϢǰʬ壬ȻҲһǰǿĸоģȴһɱ
ΪΡص
Ҳڰԭ򡭡
ǧܿȥֻһʯڿУһЩƹϵĹ޷Գ֮Ҳ֪˷֮أǱʲô
ʱ޾֮У춯ǧɫһȥһ֡աڣ춯ȴ֪Ǵﴫ
в˶˰ϣֻ̫ԲߣȻѾڰϣظ˵ĿģҲǵϵھˡ
ߣȥ
£˲ʬ壬ǰ߻δ֪գֻü϶ȥûˣع˶ã˶ȥڰʱػһ
ֹʱ䣬ԽϣԽǺ䣬һ֡աҲƽǰȴʼԿ
Ƭ֮ûҹֻ֣ܴ֮ʱ䣬ʱӦѾǵʮˣȻûˡ
һӣѾˣҲ֪δΣԴϵϴŵ㣬ʧȥ˸Ӧ
Ӧǿ쵽ˡ
ǧ˫ü΢һ֡աΨһͨھطĵط
Ȼڰһտȥûбʱ˿̣ǧȴоõϱߣѾԽԽˣ죬ִܵ
һЩ
΢΢˵ͷ֮ʱȻ䣬֪ﴫһ𵴣⸽ľʯ͹ϲһЩ׹ȥ
ô£
üͷһ壬ַסһʯ˿ڲ֪ߵĵطΧһƬգʲôĻԤϡ
˴Լʱ䣬𵴲ֹͣΧŲپʯ׹ȥЩʯײķѣС飬Ƭ
Ƭ֮Ѿȫֹͣˣǧ֡աȥü˵ղŵ𵴣ƺھϣѾˣ߰ɡ

΢΢ףҲԥĵʮգζǸ˵Ѿˣǲٵ顣
չṦ϶ȥֹʱ䣬˵ڰ춥档
޾ȻһʯͲƹŵֻһ֡աȥžֻǧɾˣͨĵط
˰
ǧΧһӰҲûУܲܣİɣ
Ҳѽ
ǧѻ˵֮ʱԶȻһŮķȥֻǱߣӰ˹
˲Ǳˣ֮ǰöˣаtŮƼ
˿̣˽ʱĿȴһǧϣ˾ǧѿã˺һżƼһЦλǡ
ǧûˣתͷȥʵҪȥô
ڣϲȥ
ƼһŤһЦ˵һδн⿪˭Ҳϲȥֻܵˡ
аtվԱߣĿȴעǧһ˺һƼŻعͷһۣһ˼ҿ˺𣿡
аtȴţĿǧϣЦЦλţǧˣһᣬһᡭ
ǧǲˣʱԶӰһĸʲôѰ֮ζʦ֣ġ
Ŷ
ƼԶζĿһۣЦɵλҲء
ζϾֹˮĿƼаtϵɨˣܹ棬ʵҲͣǱ濴ȥô򵥡
գĿ⻹ǧϣصּ֣ˡ
ȻˣǾöҲãѩͳЩҲգֻǵʮʥǰŵˣգĵˣǱˣǰˡ
ֻĿ⣬ǧϣһɲǣ׵Ԩȣʵλ֪γƺ
ǧѵĿҲϣδԾһǣ˵ţ请壬ǧѡ
һɲǣ˵ϵķâһı˴˶ţ磬Ӷм䴩
վζԵҲϢһؿǧѣˣŽܳĵӡǧѡ
ʱգҲȻǵãʦ˵ţɲ⣬Ȼֻж̶ǧĸ䣬Ǿ;򵥣ˣͬһɣݣȴʮء
ˣһҲȻˣ쪣һ±Ϊ

֮ʱһЦȻԶЦӣֱ⸽ϵʯҲסȻһΪ
ζ˽ЦķȥֻǱߣһӰ̤նһ׷ߣȴԵʮֿһ֮ˡ
˫Ŀһһϳߣǵȥ˫Ǿǳ»þĹ
Ȼǵʱ𻹶ɴһͬ˫ǵķӡԺ󣬱δû뵽գϼˡ
ֻǽգԷĹԱʱΪѾָˣûԵ컯
Сֵܣּˡ
ڵϣʱøӿҲɵĿһ֮ˣǿ


1148 ʥ
ǰò
ȥ̼ǵõ˫ʱһĻĻ
˿̣ۣԵǧѿ˿˵λǧˡ
ˡ
뵽һ̣һԵĸо뵽һΣŮӣǲΪҪ
ԸȥЩ飬ǰ죬ҲΪȥǵھ죿

һ̧֡աȥĿ˵죬뿴λţ˫磬εϵھġҶٳһˡ
ǺһǴ˿̣ζȴУ˵λϱĹǰˣζǰ
Ŷ
˫һȴ֪治ʶǹҪ˵ղһ˵ĳŮ붫ɣΪ䣬ںϵĵһˡ
ζǰ˵ˣλ˫ҳһˡ
Ҳǡ
ˣʱȻķζȴֻĿ⣬˵㷨ɵҲãҲգ䳤̣ܹһаңӣҲܹһа𣿡
һ仰ʱֳձøζԵģɫ˱仯
ٿζȴȻƽˮĵģʦ֮ϣʲôֵܹɣϢ
֮ˣ׼ʥʵ֮˷ʱĸҹ䱻Ϊһ䣬ȥս
ʱ书ǼܵУҳǳϳ˵סȻһϣҲܲסһȭһơ
ʹǣһ·룬ټһңһ֣ƫƫʱǲ֪ʲôûһģӰ
ҲϣڻˣҲЦһҹ䣬ûһǹĳ֣ǱһϵĵȤȤҲ
֮ʣһʵȻ洫˳磬°ɡ
ʮᣬȹ𿴼߳ʱһһϰ֮ˣɵͬʶǰӣòݷǷĶţȥһϰ֮ˣ

Цһδŵϰ֮ˣǸһõ֮ˣ
ȻĳЦԷȴȻ΢Ц˵֣С
һΪҪԼУЦʮУ
ҡҡͷ΢Ц˵֮ڣҪǰôⳡԣӮˣӴңٲƹҡ
һһ£ڳҵӸɫ׷׺ȵ硭˲ɣҹ֮˵㣡
Ȼ磬ȴЩ˵ķ֮΢ЦؿŹ
һ̣ҲЩһˣüʵ磿
ǡ
á硣
һ˲䣬ȫ˾תһɿ𣬵ʱΧ˶޷ˣȸղŸǿ
˾״֮ʱȻչƣǾеһ˲䣬û˿ڳûκһ˿γֵģֻһУ㻯˹ȫȻֻ浹˳ȥ
һɲǣ˷㾲˶ˣֻȻվһҲϻǱЦݡ
ȴɷףڵϣһֳֻŵ棬һֻؿڣʱ˿̣Ҳˡ
㡭
Ҳ벻ȥŵһˣȻֻһУͽˡ
ڳģûп壬Ҳ޷ܵȴһУֻһУѧر
ˡ
һΣķڷԺףҹ䣬Ըҳһ
֮ǰ֣ΪЩ˸ҹİ֮һûա
һ꣬Ŷʮ꣬к˸ţʮһ
Ȼע⣬λҲϱʣǸʱַʲôӣô޵һ죿
һ쾿ǴӺζѵʲôԵλǰ֮ʣһ
Եʱλϵı죬˶ɴܹ鿴ˣԶ֮ϡ
ԵҲֻԾˣ츳ȷʵܼҲΪ˺ʮʥġʥ
֣Ϊβǡʥʥ
ⲻ֪ˮʮ񣬴ӲưԴһ棬Ķţͨ黭ɣʵ롰ʥֲҵʱԣ粻ҵʥ֡
ʶˣΪʥ֮һ֣Ϊš
˿̣£ʵǸпֻ࣬ϧⱱҵ˰㣬ڵ£Ҳ֪øһЩ
ζʱҲ֮ʱδгԺ֪ԭУһˣȴҡ
常꣬һ裬ȷʵܼ
˿̣ζϣȻƽˮƽУƽ
֮ԱΪҵһˣΪǵһںϵˣÿÿἰ֮ʱ֪ζ
һɲǣζеĲʣʹڲصƽˮҲˡ


1149 һս
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֮ʣȻ䣬ϴһ춯ɫһȥ˵ڳȥǲˡ
ǺǡƼǳǳһЦϵǲ磬Ҳȥ磬ߡ
һ˵꣬漴һƵϷȥаtٴǧѿ˿Ҳٶԣ˫һţȥ
ֻһƾɹһʯʱһ֡աΨһͨĵط
ģк˲ȥϣʹΪǹɽܹ֮һ쾿ҲǼõġ
СֵܣҲȥ
ɫһ˵꣬ԥṦһչ̤գϷȥ
Ҳԣ˫һţҲȥǧѽζԵĿ˿ҲԥϷȥ
˸ʱǧһʯ֮ϣʱѾܹԸܵǲˣһһ˵Ͼ졣
ԶҲѾ˲ˣгѩ֮ԨعԼĳϣһЩΪѾﵽ׼ʥˡ
׼ʥҲѾʥʥҲֻһ֮ңһҪòܿԽȴ˸˵ǰ꣬ǧ꣬Զ
޷޵ʱһ̤ʥȻ޳׼ʥʲô壿
һΣô׼ʥϣ˵Ŀģ޷ֻһѰһʥĻԵ컯
Ȼһ°ɡ
ü΢ԶЩˣû뵽վô׼ʥˣ֮ǰʮʥδ
ʱĴǵģǰЩ׼ʥǰ᲻Ѿ̤ʥˡ
㿴
ǧһ߿ȥֻǱҲ˲ӰЩˣǱʲôˣ֮ǰʮʥʥ羪ƣѪʥУʥǧɽѩʥطơ
һΣ⣬⻹ȥΪߵˣһǸӣƣƻһ㣬ܹ֮
һǸüߣīϽüһѪɫۣ˪߲ѷɽȴһ֮ˡ
ǧˣ˵ʥġͽʥ߲һɱ
ʮʥ棬Ѿˡ
䣬ҽʥˮ̺ҩʥǲˣҲˣôʮʥ棬ͻһλǸΪĪġʥ
ˮ̺Ͳ˵ʮʥ棬Ψʥݣأûκ˼Ŀ
ÿȻۣϢز¶ݹ澳Ҳû֪Ǻˡ
ʥǵʮʥ棬Ψһһܹ븸׷֮ͥˣôףǷΨһĿˣǷΨһ֪ʵݵˣ
һУѾû˳꣬׷ɱ׵ģҲֻ
˿̣Ŀ⽥ǰ·жգһҪ̽鵽࣬길׵࣬ǸԼϴʬħˡ
¡¡
ʱִһ춯˶һȥ˶ȥ棬мһƽ磬ܹƿƣ˭Ҳϵȥ
ҵȺȽǲƿ˵Σ
ʱԶһվ˳뷢ףһȻĳˣҵвǳ
ð
ƻӣǱ߻һ䣬˾һǿ
Ƭ֮˽Բԥ׷̤ȥٽһƽʱ˺ȥһһγ֮£һƽ磬ڿʼɶˡ
˵飬ҲýŶһƽƿ֪Ʊ˶ȿֺϣշϣƱΪѪ֡
ȥ˶׼ʥЩδﵽ׼ʥΪˣʹѾ˰ϣ˿Ҳֻţû˸
ǵǳϱȫ׼ʥһͻ
ԼʱĽѾȫɶˣ죬ƺĽУ˵ϣʹ
¡
һ죬ڣǰϵĽƽ磬˺֮£Ȼ飬һɺϢʱڳˣǾΪ֮һ
ģɽϢ
һգ϶¶ĳ֮ɫֻһ̤Ϸƾˣ
һɲǣ˶ճȥܻһЩ룬Ȼʯ˵ǰۣ֮
ߡ
ǧҲԥճȥȻûߵöԶȻмĽնȴǹʥ羪Ƶˣǰ档
Щ裬ҲԣԪһߣ
һΣʮʥֶλʥģʥ߲һɱ˾Ƿ߲֮һɱ콣նһܵ
طѩعˣԼˣѾ˴ˣ죬ʯɣ˭Ҳ˲˭ֱǲһ˿ء
±Щս֮ˣʱס˺ɫЩ΢΢ף˶׼ʥսȳ棬ܹģ
䣡
ף߿֮Уֻһʯڸ֮ͨ£һӶΪ촷ۣĳɳۡ
֮ʣζȴ޹̨ʦģһշȥĿһǧѴȥһǡ
ǧҲԣһ˲һâ׷ȥһɲǵζĵǰߡ
ʱ˿̣ζȻƽˮϵ˴ηϣŵǧѣ뽫һս
Աȴ㵭ȻĿǧϣ˵ʦãȥϣŵĵ
ġ
ζȻƽˮֻ֣һ˵꣬зһɨ޹̨ϵġաȥ
һ˲䣬ȴǧ˫΢һӡüϵ۶ӡֱ˳˲仯һζȥ
һȥҲδϵ²΢΢һ۶⡰һ塱ͨȻ
ζ񣬵ʱú˪һĽ˲仯һֱ̽ǧնȥһɲǣԣɿţ
һ̣±˶ס˺ζ֮澳˲֪ԪŵŮӣһâʵ𺳡
ٿһߣʥ˶ţȻһйɽʮʥλڣ˵˵ѣ
䣡
ף̳һս׼ʥ˾ĶǵһĻ˲Ŀ⣬ʵû뵽Ϊ֮ߣˣǵʧʮʥ
һ̣±˶ס˺ֻʥ߲һɱֱӿ
ʥǧ򻯣ɱϮʥطڼĺŻ
ˡ
ԶǧѰȻóǱ˱ƵòˣʱҪһ˶Ըζˣʮֳѻһǰȥ


1150 ȸ
ϣ죬Ȼһ죬𣬸ֻһӰӾʯϷ˳ˣ
⣡
ȣˣԶ˽Ϊ֮һ˿ǵʮʥƾһ֮ԿˣȻս˵أҲ˸С
һաҲɣ
֮УȻӰ˳ѪʥУʥģнʥ߲һɱͬʱ
Զǧɫ΢΢һ䣬ʵ֮ǿӹɣοʱȥƺѾԪˣٵֵס˵ǿϮ
±Ǹס˺˵Ĺƣǲһ˿أ
һ̣ĿҲ𽥱úѩ֮ҹЩһ·׷ɱĸ룬ʱĸףлŻδԼЩˣҲͬ顣

һɲǣеĵ۹½ȻϷĽ֮һԨ׵ı䣬һ̣˹һ㡣
˹һ˲䣬ֻȻһᣬ϶ʱ͵ؽµĵȥ
Ľģ佣ģ飡
ڵ۹´һ˲䣬϶ʱѿʮѺۣһɿֲĽȥȻɳ̣
˵Ĺƣǽǰ⽣һĳ̣ȫ󵹷˳ȥλ׼ʥһֵܹµ

Զڳˣ޲Ϊ֮һ𣬼ԶҲܹܵղһֲʵ˿£
˵ɻʥ˲ǰ͵һŽ˽ס˹ӲԪľ֮ʱ̲ơ
ղһԶ˵ڻδع˿ֻ̣䣬˪˪ĳ˪
ֻղһ֮ƾأһȴ֪һԪ
ѾԪĲˡ
ʥطͳʹʱŶۣҲܹ˸ܵǶ棬ƶһĿ⣬ֻֻٺԪڣұضо綾
һԣʥǧɽѩѪʥмˣһ±ٴǿȥʱȻһȻȴʵշϣȺۻ㼯Ȼʮʥȴڵйѣ˵ȥΪЦ𡭡
ʲôˣ
ʥĿһķȥֻһӰ̤նԽԽ
Ŷ
ʥҲۣ֪λѵˡ
һ̣ԶսˣҲǸͻסˣ׷ѭȥֻ֮УһӰƮȻ
һ£˫ָϴһűȸߣԵʮأϢȴԨȣڳ˽Ըеһϣȫ޷͸˵Ϊ
ǣȸ
Ǳ´Զˣһ𣬻֮ǵˣ
ߵֱǲ롢׻䡢ȸˣǸժߵȸ
˶סˣǵˣôҲˣǲǡӲ̤һ
Ŷ
ʥ羪ȥ΢΢һ䵭ص֮ǰԣһڣ˲̤һ֮ڣ̤֮֮ѹ֮ڣƺδǵˣĪѾصԼˡ
һ̣˶ס˺ĿǸȸϣһҲ˵ôһ£겻֪ΪΣԼ֮δôǵˣȴѾˣ
ֻȸһ˹һߵ˵֮δ½ңǣͲòǰ
ŴԣԶ˸һ½ң仰ʲô˼
һ̣鶼ǵԤԣʮ׼ȷʮǰһǶԤ׼ˡ
ʱȸ˵½ңֻҲǿѨ磬ɾʲô˼
ߡ
ʥһ˵ǽգǴĻΪˡ
Ļ
Ļ֣ԶһֲãԭʮʥѾĻѹֵ꣬ȫ伣˼һ㡭
Ļ
˲֣ȸȴֻǵһЦ˫Ȼ󣬵صôĻ𡭡
һԶ߸ǸеһĻ澳ص֮һҲɵ֡
ˡĻ족Ī⣬ʥλʥˣҲδؼ֣ܲҲֻеĲܹ֮һâ
һ̣˶ס˺һĻһǻ֮İǣ棬ܸԤģ
в˶ԶĵطȥҲһЩˣȥ棬ȻΪôһ£
ˣʱв˻𣬴һǰʼ㲻дţ˵֮ϵǳ
ڻȪȣ΢롰ꡱλ۷׼ʥ׷ɱһһξá롱һһöɱᡱҶӣʵڽ
˿̣У˶еһĪĺ䣬ȻվԭأǸͻȻȸ˵˭
ΪΡмʶĸо


1151 ɱ
ȸôߣ
ʥ羪һߣһ˲䣬ԣȸȥڽʥ߲һɱˣٴȥ
ϣһʱսٿɪɪʯ׷ףǿ֮սһ
һߣǧζʦֽһһʱҲսóŨ̷׷ס
ע⵽ͻȻȸʱȴҷ֮ʣٽȫʱ֣ٳ
û뵽ŵŮӣҲ֮ߣ˿ʦ֮£һʱ䣬ҴУֻ׼Էּ϶漴У
֣
ζһɨ̨ʱһƬâȫڣǧһ飬ȴҲԺ
̺
ǧĿ䣬һնˮδʣȻһ֮ȴк죬ֱ֮ƣ
ȻԶˣһɲǣҲΪ֮һ
ٿһߣöˣйعѩˣʱҲѸ˴һʱ䣬ϣӿǿ֮ս춯ء
һ֡աȴʼδԶۣ֮·ܿܿ
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һ죬ֻ죬һâ𣬽ʥ߲һɱѪʥֹǿƴ˶˹ƣһնȻ֮ƣأҲòȥ¾ʯһ·̤òѡ
ʱһִֻӺ水ϣȴȸ֪ʱ󣬰ҡҡͷĹ̫ͣȴʺϽ֮ս
ͷɲǣһĻȴ֪ΪΣеЩʶűµ˫ۣΪξ˵Ϥǰȸ뵱ڻȪȵĲ䣬һ
˭
ʳɻȻһɲǣʥȴȻ͵Ϯ쪣Х
ġ
ȸ򶨴ݣֽһ͵Ƴ֮ƣ䡱һʥһײʱɳ̡
ȥɡȸһߵŹʥˣһ˵
ʱü΢ղһ˲䡭ʲôˣ
ǣ㣬ȥҪ°ɣǰ·δ֪㶨ҪסûʲôǱҪġ
ȸ峺һ仰˵꣬һ֮ϣȻһƳȸХ֮
ţֻһȸ֮Ӱһ½𣬻һԻϣǾϷȥ
ǾϷȥ±߲˽һζȻ䡣
һ˲䣬ָֻһüһ㣬ٴѪ֮һƳǧѵ谭Ҫ׷ȥ
һ˲䣬ȴǧü۶ӡʢһˮȻˣһն
ʦõģ
ɫһ䣬˲ֵȥȻƾһҲǧһȥ
ζ޷ͻǧѵ谭ȴϣѾ֡ա죬֮ң
ȥ
ٹ˲ô࣬˫ֲϽӡ˲ʩչչᡱҡϣһɲǱ׷ԣһȥ
Ϯ͵ػһƻӳײϣĵС
ڴʱϵһȸδɢԳ֮۵ĺŰǱȻһĻؽ׹ȥ
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֮䣬սٿֻĺȻһɽâ͸һɼǿһ㳯ȥ

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˿̣䣬۹ȾѪǽɷ𽥱øأϣһѪ֡
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Ѫϣƴ֮ԪٴߣһֱȥΪ裬˳ȥϡ
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ܵ۹شʱһѪһĻҲͬ±ߵˡ

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һ˲䣬±˶ˣǶɾĵӰȻֱ֣ȡ


1152 죡
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ֻһʯϣѪ죬ĿģԶ˶С
ɶɾͽܣһӵͽܣȴ˵֮أЩǲ˵ɵĵŵĵ
֮һʮʮ٣ʱһʯ棬֮Ԩعվ֮ԨŷɥвĴɵɵȻҲвɵǵģɣһ
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˼ˣָֻһϢ˵Ĵȥһָһָûκ˲Զȸȴһ˲ˣָͬһݡһһָ˹ȥ顱һعǵָˡ
ֻȸһ˲ԣԪһϣָƣͬʱԶʯȥصˣұΪ
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һȶ֮󣬲żվԶĹʥȥΣĻļλҪڴ˽һô
ʥڵǱȥֻʥ羪ɫ˫ָ޷ԶȥΪ
ʱȻѾǰȸʵƾһ֮ˣһΪֻ֪вһΣǾʲôɸ˵Ŀġ

ϣһƬȻּȻȴǡߴʤ
֪꣬һˣϣˣǺѳҵ硣
һΣûбˣҲͬһϣǾͲö֪ˡ
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ζǧѼͬʱǴ˿̣޷֪˵Ϣ֪ںδ
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1153 
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ΧŨҲԽԽʧ˷򣬲֪δߣǹһǰһһֵߣʵǹĪ⡣
װŪ
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ǴؼҵʱЩ飬ͷ·һʱ⵹һһƬȾѩأǴӸѪ
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ʱֻǧǰһ̤ߣĿŶغˣɣΣ㣬ͣǰ桭º˵ǣ࣬ħǶȴ֪ǷħƣǶ񡣡

Ǻ˺ȻͷһЦüµĵӣԪܳˣֻǡ
˴Ƕ棬ĿͬʱǺ˵ҲһºֻࣺǡΪβĿʾأ
һֵֹĻʱΧձýӲ˿ҲüһʶԵǧѿ˿˵Ļʲô˼ʲôǧѣҲĿʾˡ
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1154 ֮
ʥ
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ǧȻǰˣΪ֮ϣʮֲ׶Ըһˮϰâһȥ
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1155 ֮Ӱ
˲֪ãϵδֹͣδ㣬ҲԽ߬ԽˣˣϢȥ֮ʮء
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ҪȻ뿪
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ϴĺʯ޼ɣϷһڴΪϣʵĺ

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ﲻĵطҲĵطԷͻֻԼɸصʧڷҲ˱ʣ֪Ρ
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ǧѵȷӦһ˲䣬ԶȻ֮ӿԥƷ˲ʩչһֱ֮ʥ
ǧҲʩչˮǧһ֮ʥֲͬʱȥʥòתѾǰæ֮䣬ֻ֮࿹
䡱һֻ̳֮Уƾż֮ס֮Ȼȴ޷ˣһؽ֮˲û
һɲǣֻһ£кȻɳѪ⣬Ѫ⣬һ˲仯׭ȻֱӰ
ʱĿһ֮


1156 ӳ
ֻӰֱʥߵ֮ȥȻҪʥͬʵһȷ֮Ҳȷʵ˵ãǵʹЩСɱȡ
ֹ
ǧԪһߣˮϵʱʢͬʱһ֮ӿ
Ǻʱ˱˴˶һۣһ˲ʩչƷǧʩչˮ˺һ֮ʥȥ
⡭
ʥκʱ֮Բ³Ȼǰһַ֮ӿ֮£ֻܴ߶Ӱֵǰ֮
䣡
һ֮ƴŻ֮ߵɽʱѣ쳾̴ᣬʹҲһ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣʥ̳֮УֻһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
һ£û𣬵һ£Ҳ˲ᣬʧȥƣȴպͨѺﵹȥһ˲䣬ʧӰ
¡¡
Χɽ岻ס̳УһͨѺҲѺ۱һ˲䣬ǧȥ
¡
һ죬ԲʮգԱɽϿȣһ˲仯Ϊޡ

֮£ղһҵıըһ̧ͷȥֻƲ㷭ӿֹȻ棬Ҳܹܵղһɿµ
һ˲䣬δ΢΢һ㣬ֻĻԪ֮˸ȻʱڼΣյС

˸㣬Ҳһ±Щɷףղһ£ѵϳô
δعɫһֻۣعͷȻ˵ˣȥѰϣ
ǡ
ܿ죬Ҳת˵ԲǧұеطҪҵϵټ
ȻǧˣѾȫˣɢֿȥѰټȻȹ⿿ҹӰЧࡣ
ֱҹĻ٣һ乳𣬷ϵ춯δֹͣǧˣҲ⸽Ѱңܷҵټ
ˣ⸽Ȼ澳ﲻˣŷˣˣҲ׷׸˹
бңɽ쪣¹δȻ磬⼸δۣ˵ҪȻЪϢһɣ⻹֪ҪҵʲôʱȥˣÿζܻΪģҲ⡭
δȴȻü䲻֪ܰȻ˯һηΪλͻȻ䣬ʲôԭģ
£û¡
գֻҡҡͷ̾һֿ㣬֪ΪΣ⼸Щ
ܸоʲôҪʹϴɱžս֮ʱҲδйѹϢĸо

ʱڷϣǻҲǧѣҲѺ֮УƬա
հʱһ˲ѺһʥȳȥˣشʱҲѾȥˣһƬ֮Уδȥ
ԽԽ䣬Ǻޱߵ棬˵ϣһм¶ԽԽ͡
ĸоûǴħڣӳȴ˻
ħڣһԶڿ£ǴڻƮ˰ֻ࣬һ㣬˾Ͷˡ
һΣѾĴ㣬ʹԪ룬˳ܷҵڣȻ޷ҵڣôʮԪҲһɢճС
ڣǧܹܵ澳ϢֻҪǰ뼴ɣ֮ڣ˳ϢҵڣԶԶûħڣǴξ
ֻǴ˿ܵ¶ԽԽͣȥ˹Ҳ֮ʴǻδ֮壬޾κκؽ
ۼǧͷϺ϶һװ׵ĺ˪Ԫһߣסһɾ֮ڣüʵô
û¡ǧתͷһۣ˵

ü΢˵ͷϧ֮ûдϣĻɽ֮۵ɢΧĺ䡣

ʱ䣬ЩѾ˲ˣҲһЩ˴ӷ˳ȴ֪˺£÷˾䡣
ǧˣ⸽ұˣҲδҵټʱδϵɫѾԽԽˣ˫ҲЩס
˰Լָܵһɺ֮˵ҪȻȻ죬飬ȲҪˡ
졭
δ˿ϿȥҡҡͷҲ֪ΪʲôЩЩ
Ȼ֪ϴɱžһս˵ģµģ׻Ƿϵ֮Ҳ޷ˡ
ǡ
δعͷ˿л˵ȴ֪οڡüһǵʲô
Ҳ֪
δü΢㣬ʱԶһӰ˹ȴˡ
ӴϷ򣬰֮⣬˷ϵϢ
ɫҴҵӣδһ̧ͷϷȥɫصصߡһ˵꣬ɽǱȥˡ
δ룡
һ죬Ҳɽ׷ȥ
˰֮⣬ֻΧɽ飬ɽҲʯˣû뵽ϵ䣬Ҳ˾޴Ӱ졣
ϡô
ʯĹȿڴ𰳯溰һ˾֮ʣֻ顱һǹʯӰ˳
ˣһƮƮһ˰׷ѩǱˣǧѺ
һ£δˣ첽ȥû°ɡ
δ롭
˿Χ˿˿û뵽ôԼЩ죬йĵˡ
ʱ˼û£ĿǧϣǵУûǧѣҲ֪ǰŮ˭
δʵ뵽ˣϣǧѱȻƾһˣܶԸζЩˡ
ҪлԷģֻǧ˹ȥԥƬ̣ǿڵǸлл㡣
ǧȴһ죬ħ;δ빬ֹ˴ֻعͷһۣοҰ빬кθɣ
һ˾һ㶣¹һü˵ʲôȴһֹ̧סĻĿ⣬ҲȻǧϣտӰʧ
֮ǰڷʱ빲ɵص֮ʱȴַ·ħľ棬֮ŮԼʼ֮
˺һŻعͷȥ죬ʱ£֪Σʵʱ䣬к·
֮ǰڷʱʵҲһֱţδǣ澳£Ͼ棬澳ﻹһпһС
ûʲô鷢
δ뿴ҡҡͷγֱʣȻͺãʲô¶Ҫ
𰣿
л˵ʵôˣ
룬ü˵ǰʱ䣬ڵʮˣˡ£㽫֮ǰһԭԭ˵ˡ
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飬Ҳ˽ˣãҲȥȷһ¡
һɲǣһâ£ǳȥڵĴʱ
δҲܵʱеĺɱ˲һ㶣ʵټ¶˺ɱ⣬һΣˡ



1157 
Ҫȥ𣿡
ʱҲ˹һؽһأӸմȳڻָԪ߷ֳ£֪˫սΡ
Դ˿̣ϣȥзգοڣЩʮ˼ҵѷǰǰɱȣóȻǰȥǲˡ
ġ
˿ȻҲԼ뷨֮ǰðȥڣһʥͻȻǰƲ⣬ôʥпܾڵƵӡ
ƵӻûбݣĿǰѶ϶ʥôǰڷشڱȻѾϻ
ΪߣŴʱشһָʱҪٽ£Ŀǰʵܣǧ֣ˣοһˣ
ȻѾˣҲ˵ѾΪУƵӴˣһƻָʱضңԴУնݳο길һ£ҲȥҴŪ
δ뿴ʱ뷨鲢򵥣ΪǰҪȥڣ뵽֮ǰһֱҹӰȥڣĪǾǡ
һ̣δҲ뵽ʲô򣬱ֱӽվϵ˵˳
֮溺˶˳˼ǸΪصʥѵڵƵӣ
˶ҲСˣȻһԾΪţʮ˼ң£֪ں
ƵӣЩһֱչ˿ǲʺ쳾ˣͽʮֽ˭֪ǵǸĪ⣬ҰĲʥ
һ̣˶еЩǵǵħħе˴濴ȥǵõˣȻΪ֪һ棬ȴ˿¡
ڷϣһ֮شѾ˼ԪѾϻһָʱֺѶԸ˴溿ȥͱȥˣȻɣԪδָ
á
溵˵ͷ֪ǰ֮ҲͲֹԷˣҴӸղ˵ƵشȷʵбҪŴʱնݳȥС
ֻعͷʵںδ

üԥƬ̣˵һֱڵ顭鵱屻֮¡

ᵽ֮£еһǴ˿ҲԱߡ
֮£ѳΪɰɵʱδȴڷ棬ҵ˰öö飬ø˷ˡ
ڣֻܲȥЩ£֮ǾȥУʵЩڣ
桭
⿴˿˵Ѫӣӥ棬ѪӵˣӦڰ֮⡣
á
˵ͷȥУһЩƵ޷ȫʮ˼ңʵСûƵӣɻλΪʮָߵĳԼڣԴУĸ֣Ȼࡣ
úԥδȥѪӵ˻ϣ溵ˣʱȷ졣

ͬʱһطֻɽʯȻɳһӰ˽̤ȫΪһ⻪֣䵽˸ɽϣǱˣȴζ
ȻͳˣֻһֱѰʦģ˵ôأҲûϵͻȻ䣬صڰʱȴѾҲˡ
ʦ֡
ֻĴһö㣬ϵһССӣö㣬ǵʱĸġ
ֻǸССŮȻ˶ɾ£ȴĴڵΣգԱһö
ĵĻֻҪΣ֮ʱעһı̸֪׼ȷλãӶʱȡ
ʱ꣬ζòöˣȻߣ˿̣עҲǰ·Ϸһ㣬һ˲ͳǰˡ
Ҳˡ
ʦ֡㵽ġ
ζһ̣Ȼؼ˵ıʦ˵ôأܹӵóʦѾô
һ
һ̣һɳȻɳ𽥿ʼ֮ʱԶɽȴͻȻ
ԽԽԽԽһ̣ζ㣬˷Ӧֻɽһߣһ۶ζԥһ˲ɹȥ
˴һǰһ˺ʵλӣɵӣ
ζһ鷲ˣȻϵԼ˫üһʵǺˣǺˣ
ȻԼҪҵˣһЦǰλˣ˵ڴ˴ܹӣһһλ˵ĹˣҪλ˵Ĺӣӡ

ζüһԥ϶ȥֻŵˣǱˣʦġ
ʦ֣
ζһȥϣһ֮̽£ŷʦ־ϣѾԣȴһǿзס˷ܱ
Ȼǵշϳ䣬ʦ֮£ֲһ֮Уʩ֮˭ͨ죬ܹסһȱ£Ŀǰ첻
˹˭˭
һ˲䣬ζѾ뵽ˣ˲˵ãʮֽһʦˣ˱ɲ֮˵ע⡣
⡭
ĳ룬˵λӣû˵ʲôգҼϴһȸߡ
ȸ
ζɫһǵȸһ׽͸ȸΪҪʦ֣
ʱҲ˲ȥôˣȸȻǿбסʦֵ¾ټ飬̻ɣʦʦơ
Ҵˣлˡ
ζٵ飬Ĵӳϱ漴̨˲ʶȥˡ
һĻǳԭأͰ͵棬棬š

˵һˣ֮ѾУڣΪɽһܲɽϣʱн󣬱ǰ֮⣬ܹܵǿĽơ
ɽϵĵӣҲЩ֪λΪͻȻˡɽ󡱡
Ľ󣬾˵ֻڰǰùһΣ⽣ɱ̫ǿͬʱ̫ɽһֱδùΪһΣλȴͻȻ⽣
һģɪɪɽϵҶɳɳɳɳ̨ϲϴɳɳ죬ֻӳ㣬ɨȥЩҶɨһƬأһƬȴˡ
ô£
Ӵǲ⣬ƽɽŨľļ࣬ﶬʱҲƵҶŴ֮⼸գɽľͣҶ
֣ǱߵĲݴԣʲôʱήģ첻úõ𡭡
ɻ֮ʣȻ֮䣬ɽƲ㷭ӿݣűһɿֲϢӿ˻һ̧ͷʱֻƲֱ߷ӿȥм䣬һͷԷ
ӵʱ˸ĵѣת˲֮䣬ǰѾ÷ԲʮƲ㷭ӿݣէ죬Ҫٵɽһ£


1158 
ʲʲôˣ
ɽǰڵӽŵɫֻ֮ϣӰ´£Ȼ˵ˡ
죬ȥϣ
Ӷɨ㣬ɽȥɽϣһɲǣ죬˴Ķĳ᲻֪
ܿ죬вɽ߸ڵĵӺͳϣ⻹ʮ˼ҲٸҲڣϴȥ񽣹ȵҼϡ
ǰգʮ˼ңҼӦڣʱ˱죬û뵽żչ򣬹Ȼ鷢
ߣȥ
ϵˣҲӵ˳ɽǱȥˣоЩɻ֮֮Ҳҳ֮˸ڣ
ɽǰһͷɾԣԼ֮վŵǸ׷֮ˣ˾еһϡ
ϣһ۱ϳ֮ˣ֮һɵûϴ񽣹ȣԷǾʵԷΪȥƺɲˡ
գ֮ĶԹ޹֮ˣȥɡ
Ӱдʱ˸еһʮ˼ҵ˽û뵽ģǱʲôˣȻ⡰ħ֮һǺã
һ㵱ΪԼͷۣģ
ʱڼվ˳ŭףø޲һ
Ϸӿ֮ϣĿ⵭·Ⱥ䵭ĳܵ

һߴһȣ˫Ԫһߣʱ콣֮أǶаħ֣ռȻˣǾߣ䣬ɽѱĽʱ
䣬˫һת⣬Ȼһӿ¡һǵֵסϮĽꡣ
⡭
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ۼֵס˽м߼ɽڵĵҲ׷׼Լɽ߶֮£һѰҫ۶ĿɽʱϷȥ
𡪡
ʱͻȻһħ֮ӿʱƾ䣬ϵɽħ֮ʴ£һ±ʧȥ󣬷׷׻׹䣬֮ڶ
һĻ˸һȻԸܵǿµħ֮ͷԣʲôͷų˿ֲħ֮
һΣʮ߶ɫȴԲģɽҲǸղǵֻҪʹøǿҪĸ
´ǰҲ˲ôˣ׷״߶һ¸âʢϵĽҲȻǿ࣬˸еЩѹȸС
һֻ̣ɽ£ɽ˹ȻҪ֧ǿĽҪԴԴϵ
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Ȼʱʮ˼ҵȴԥǱϮǻ֮˭˲֪򲻸ġ
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ķӥѪӵ˾΢΢һڹȻЩµġ
һ˲䣬ȴδһһƬɢ˻Уͬʱǻ֮УһѵɫɡſɡΧ裬ķɻɡ
˷һλȱľѪʮ˵ãרɼҷֵܹǧĹͬʱܽһЩУֻɡʹ֮ˣΪŮӣУԷ
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Ƭ֮ɽҡҡ׹Ͼڵ󷨣֮ʣȻʹȽ
˺󡣡
һɲǣкһǰڣѪӵ˲֪Ҫʲôʱȴԥ׷ȥ
һ˲䣬ֻѶһ٣͸һʮֲϢѪӵȻһϳٵϾһ̫ŷ١
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ˡ
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
һ죬Ȼɿңƺ̫֮ʱӿ¡һ̳ɽӦƣ
ˣԱһ¸󵹷˳ȥ߰˸Ѫֹһ·ʯˣײ÷顣
Ϣһջ˫һֱ̤Ʋɽȥ


1159 

ڶмߵʱɫһ£ʱϰ˳ȥͼֹ
Ȼ۵ֻһһɾӿ䡱һʱϰ˸Ѫ˳ȥ
һĻŵʮ˼Щ˲ˣĴţѷһգڸġħ֮¼ħɣš
Ըղż֮ʱʮ˼ҵ˱㲻ʱѹڵķθǰ
ƴ֮ǿƴ󣬻ôĸ֣ҪӦ
Ѫӡӥ桢ڤˣʱҲչṦӰзڿУϷ֮ʹڵľŵòɽЩɽ޶ڶﲻҳ
޹֮ˣڼȥ
صɽǰ˾еһѵգҪѪϴô
Ͽǰ˪ˣҲ΢΢һȻؼǵǴη񽣹ȵ£Ϊˣİ֮ڣٲ̤񽣹һ
Ǻ񽣹ȴˣȻҲ֪ѵվΪ¶ô
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죬Ȼֲţʮ֮ڣӴĹģȴҲŲС
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ԼƤɱˣؾ־ŭ棬ʮ˼ҵǸеһڵؾ
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˫ָ޲صȻˣкβɣǧҵΣѡ
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ߣһӣסձ㽻䣡
³Ŀ֮ԽԽһһʹʮ˼ҵˣһҲͷĿѣԵ֮ˣѪӿֹ
Դסݷ˫ţȴƽʣ֪ȥԪľҲԹ˵ķǵֻˣҪԸѣɶԷȷʵС
һ˲䣬ԥٴνټ³Ϯ֮ʱͬһȥһ֮ʱΧһվȣ׷浹ȥ
³һ
һ̣Ԫָһ֮ٴӿҲָһһ˵ײڳ֮޲Ϊ֮һˣ³ϸһѪӿ󵹷˳ȥеãҾȻ
ʣµһϮһҲѪ˳ȥеķҲһȻ޹⣬׹
ǷٵĶ֣
ջط٣һ˲䣬ȴеһͷĿѣʱһӰ˹һƵϣűһԴԴϵ롣
δ롭
΢΢תͷ֮ˣȻǻδˡ
Ҫ˵
δü΢ڶȥ֪Ϲ٣ɼΪҲ֮ղʱѾùһΣֶԸˣԪĲأ
ʱ棬ʮ˼ҵˣϾоɫ¶֮£ȴȻĶ֣شҲˣֱ
˾еһĿ¶ɫؿǱӰȻ֪Ǻν֣ţ澳¶̫ƽˣ죬һ
סְա
˾֮࣬ɽؾķڴһԨڵӻδعһ˲䣬ѱһǿϢȫ


1160 ǿ
ֻɽؾķӰ̤նϢһ㳤Ͽɱȡ
׷͸ұߵһīɫۣ÷ȥҪɷǡ
λ̫ϡ
һ̣˾ץס˾һ˲Ǳˣڵλ̫ϣʯӡ
ʮ˼ҵҲסˣλ̫ϣ׼ʥΪ
ֻ˸ֶƮȻ㳡ϣĿעϣ
ȻǶˣϵɽԲȣǰЩգ˸ŵĲɽֻϧû㵽δ뾹ܹɽ
ǲɽϣɽٿԳŹһգҲҴҴӲɽؾ֮иϳ
˿̣㳡쪣˶ϢĿ⵭ȻʯصƳϣּˡ
ǰлҪ졭
ʯɫЩ̼ǵȥ꣬׷ɱδǴΣʱ龰ڻӡԺ
һգ˵һˣǲΪȻ˵Ϸ㵽졣
ʱʯô˵ΪΪԶڣҲû뵽Ŷ̶һ꣬ԷΪȻͻͽ֮࣬ǡֲݣ
˿̣һǰȥʹԵΪ׼ʥɫȴɴݣ˫֣Ҳ
ƣһܹеģźһΪˣʱϵ׼ʥɫɣ
Ҽǵõʱ˵񽣹˶ˣ˶ٵڣһҲ١֪Ƴϣɻǵ𣿡
һȥƴ˪ˣеһʮ˼ҵͬеһϣȻΪ񽣹ȵô
ʯɫ񽣹һ£Ϊʲôֻܲ˫˵ưˡ
ʱʯǸȥΪͬ͵ˣӣ֮£Ҳδϴ񽣹ȵ飬Ҳ֪˫νԹԷѾ˵ʲôһսˡ
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һȣ䣬һӿֱֶȥ˵һϢԶˣһɲǣҲеϢ
ɽ
һ֮УȻһӰ䡱һһµֵסӵ
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ֹʱڳëȻ㳡һ±쪣ٹХ͸һɭ֮С
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кȻֵĺӰ˽һܹܵǲǻˣǴһɷ·ڤĺ䡣
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ʯҲһ±ɫֲô˽ո˴ԭߣȻţСӵʲô£ס꣬޷ֻء
֮ˣҲ֪򲻿Υڤ˭Ҳ޷ֹ£ǱţڤҲȥˡ
ʯɫһ±øѿˣСӵʲô£Ϊܹ
һ±ʮֽţ˶һһʯȥҲ䵭һΣ棬£Ƴϣô˰ɣ
һΧ˸һ˽չô
һ̣ʯɫҪѿжѿֻû뵽û뵽ԷʵԱôǿǿòɵǿԼĵطҲ
նԷҪţֵܹôĵӣһܹѣǧҵһ
ҪΡ
ʯͳɫʮѿ˿̵֮УƺǲòԷЭˣϧֻĿǰΪܹһ̤ʥȱ֣֮
ȻһλʥĻҲܻˣ磬˲пᣬʵһС
䵭֪ʯҪЭˣҶԷЭģֻǰãµϣҲˣںδ
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ʯ΢΢һȻǻˣҪȥǴˣһҪȥҲȥƫƫϣһδνĻš
Ƴϣ˽ô֮Ѫ
һڵӸŵĵѣ׷ʯȥȻ̻̲
ʯɫʮѿ״ӣǽܻл·
ɽ
ɽڣ
һδˣɱ˱ɱɱƳϽ˽Ϊֹ
䵭κθ飬ǿһ˵ôʮ
ɽյ
һɿֲϢȥʱľ֮޹صʮ˼Щˣһ̣Ҳеľѣ˵ҪѪϴ
ʯһǶ֪ǰˣղŵĻΣ
ڣһ˲һ˶֮£͸
ʱҲܹԿʯͷ𽥱Ȼ˿ļΪǽϣǲе
һأ
ףҪְϽȥµ֣ϲ״ӣǴСͬⰡ
ҲաҲգ϶дһ٣Ϊʦĺţ
գһᣬ佫Ͻˣڴɱϣܿˣ
ֻԶһȥֻʮ߰Ůȥϣʦأ
ʦ֡
ŮϣʯĹŵӣƽʮʯ۰ȻʱȴһãȻ֪Ѿ֮ʡ
ֻ󷽴ȥ͸żãȻ֮ɫ૵ոգոʦڵڡڡ
ȥ
ʯָҲ÷ɫЩ԰ףȻĮȻ䲻
ǣǡ
ŮЩң˵ͷ漴Ǵȥ˴Լʱ䣬żǵ
Ȼ㳡ϵڵӼһĻȴǸһŮԼ߳ģǱЮųģЮǸӣǱˣϡ
ϣʲô
һĻʯϸֶֻŮĺֵӵؿϣһ㳡˹ʦԲ𡭡ֻˣ㱣뿪ڣ򡭡ӱһҲҪʦһ𡣡
㣡
ʯ˫һ²Ѫ˿Ҳ̲סϣſʦð
ʦʦ֡
ŮźɫЩϣ˿һĻǶϷıЮˡ


1161 ɱ
ſô
ȻһЦǷſʦҪɱ𣿸ղʦýңǸʱǷţҪɱء
㡭
ʯǻһɫһ±ò԰ѿֻȻЦʦҵȥǵôΪɱң˾ͻ󷢴ȱŹô
ϣɴʦãѵ㻹һٴô
ʱվʯԵӣҲȥ
ɴһٴ
ͷЦĿһӿȥԹֻгܿܣʲôԴΪ֮ϣ㻹˵Ҵ𣡻УҸʦ˵γʲô£
㡭
ӸǱ˿⼤ҵһ˵Աʯɫѿͬʱȴֱִʹ̳ͽ
ֻ̾һɫʹصϣγʦ˸˵
ʦ
ͷһЦ漴Ŀһָȥ㿴˽۵ͷǿһΪȴֻίȫҪҵͷǱҪǵͷҲ𣿰
ֻ˫һɣֻ۾ȫѪ˿˲֮ɫͬʱһɹ졣
һԴǣȻ˵ʯ˵ͷȥֻǲסҡͷ̾
ôڴδܹܴ裬ȻգȴΪǲЭĻôգڱؽѪɺӡ

쪣ͷЦҴʲôͬɱǵôˣǣѵͻŹ𣡡
һ̣ټĹ㳡ȴһ˵˶ͷʯҲۣһ̾ˣϡ
ڵһн΢΢һ󣬸Χȥʦ֡˰ɣգ߲ġ
˭ҿ
״˫Ѫ죬ɢһŮĺֵָȥ˭ǰһɱ
ʦʦ֡ŮҲˮȴ֪Ǻ£ʹࡣ
˭Ҫ
Ʒһ㣬ȻִЦҡˣ˭ң˭
˵һɲǣһɫӰ˲ϢѳȥǱˣ𰡣

˫Ѫ죬һ̧ȫһѪȻ߻ħһɿֲϢӿɢȥʱΧڵӣȫѪ˳ȥ
һΪͲͣϴ˿߻ħಫȻȫʢʱڣƾһˣҲѵ֮
һ˲䣬һӰߣһ½󣬲Ǳˣ
ݣ
һָɳ顱һһѪǽ䱾һѪ˳ȥ
ʦ֡
ŮػɣɴʱȴȻʦ֣Ȼֻ˫Ѫ죬ħ񲣬һĿ⣬ݺݵһ𣬾

߻ħȼѪԪҪͬھһɲǣڵ˶סˣʯϸǾɫһϡ
һұҲҪһ𣡰
ģ£˲һϵġ
Ȼ£ӰɲǼʧٴγ֮ʱǰ
ʯһ˲䣬ָ⣬͡ϴȥʮָ

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ϣ
ʯɫһ䣬֮ҪǰȴԵסˣֻߣҡҡͷĬȻ
һ
Ѫ˳µ·һĲʣȻ˺ѷεؿҲɸı䲻յĽ֡
һ˲䣬һҽһΣֽŽҲһ˲䱻ˣ顱һ󵹷˳ȥ
һɲǣ㳡˷㾲˶Ŀ¶ɫվԭһʯһ㣬棬ʮ˼ҵͬľѡ
ֻѪһѱѪȾ죬ɢʯϣ·ɭ޵Ķһ£ȫϣ٣飬ȻһڣҲǻˡ
ϣ
һֻǸ΢΢תͷ˿
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ҡҡͷʯϵϿȥĳ㱨ˣʱȴްʹ죬һ˵ѹ֣ѹ֮УԺδ
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ʱֻѪϣȻЦ˹ЦڳһеëȻ׷ȥ
ֻϵ˫Ѫͬʱ˹ĺɫѪ˿ҲùɱΣҲ㲻Ҳһٺٺ١
˹֮ԣʱ䱸ȻȴȻ˫ָ󣬵ص˵ȥ
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ֻϹЦֹһٽһ˭ҲȲ㣬ҪôҪôԲֻΪۣ㣬㡭
ɫһ䣬һ˲ȥȻȥ֮ʱѾȴ÷ǳ죬ϻŹЦ˫Ҳ˺ɫѪ˿ȥǱɱĳ䣬ίʵ


1162 Ƶ
˿̣𰻹ԭأʱߵģҲ֪ãתͷȥ૵ϡ
ϣƽ޲ɫȻؿϣղЩδϡ
һԵ𰣬ȴʮУ֮ǰǹѹָʲôطˣϡ
ϣ˵ءֲ˾ֻѹͣ˵
Ƶӻûг
Ŀ⣬ϵʬϣƽƽ˵귽תʯӶˡ
ӵûʲôһԵʯʱ飬ȴʮָӣĵӣȻȴֻţۿԼͽУȴΪ
Ѿˣ˰ɡ
ʯָҪѪһ㣬棬ֺγǱǧеĥ
ĮȻһſڵһСʯƽˡ
ʯƽ
Ŵԣɫһ䣬ǹ㳡ļߣЩţ˵ǵҲͰˣʯƽһʵôżɽɰ£ƽɽҲ̤һô
㡭㻹Σ
ʯɫһ±øѿˣʯƽĵӣϾڵ̫ϣĿ֮£˶Է๼ˣѵҪöԷڴ˼ɱô
УûС
䵭ǲɣϢ֮ʱһųųڲԶңʯƽ
ֻһǳɫӴӹ㳡˹οȥ˶ЩֳֿѣҲԵʮֲ½ǴȴѾϴɫ
ӵĿ⣬ЩͣһؿҲתͷʱ΢΢һ£ȻվԭزҼǰˣֻؿ
һ̣㳡ڵҲȻʯƽôֲɱˣǴʱҲȥʡ
ʱһֱĬԵӣȴͻȻˣʯƽһĵӣʦжδƽҲɽҪɱԣһɣﵽˡ
쪣˶ĬȻĿ⣬ҲֻһԶʯƽϡ
ʯƽʱﲢûĿ־壬еֻһִͣ·ĴͣҪɱԼɱˣԼҲ򲻹ʦڣҲû˻Լ
һ̣˶û뵽ǣʯƽֻ뿪Ժ󣬶Ҫٻˡ
һ̣в˶סˣʲôȥƺûҪɱʯƽ˼Һֻһߣô¡
ʯλ̫ϣʱ벻ףʯƽһ۵ССӣ֮Ϲϵģ⾿ô¡
ʯƽƽﺩʵ·ʲôҪȱһ֪Ǵ˿̣ȴ˶ôˣֻʵʦ𡭡
ɫʼնûκα仯ʱҲˣֻ֣ˡ
ʹѲµˣɴʱ׶ʯƽǾҲһ£˷·һ׹Ԩͣ׹ͣ׹ȴʼ䲻Ԩס
һ߳жʹղΪԷҪɱ֮ʱҲûкۣɴʱô˵棬ȴҲֹסᣬȴֽҧ촽ʹԼ޳
߰ɡ
̫ʱϣûκ仯ֻƽص֡
࣬л
ʯƽɬᣬһ㳡ȥȥʶԷʦôˣȻԷ˵ǾһʦҲԸԼ֪Ȼɵ
һ̣㳡˶Ϣ쪣ʯƽǿ죬˿ɽȥҲû˸ǰ
ֹˮվԭأԺȴ̼ǵһ̳档
ɻδ֮¡
һӡʯƽʮδȥ֪Ƿ񰲺áǿԣ뱣뿪뿪ڡ
б𡣡
ûûˡлл
ʯƽʦߣֻԸĻѪһɱˡ
֪ʵ֮أһΨһͽʯƽҲȻȺ֪ͨǰֻԷܹʯƽ뿪ڡ

˿̣㳡쪣ֱʯƽȥ֮ںɽؾķ򣬵ڵĪǻҪ𣿡
һΧһʮ˼ЩˣȻϱɫѵһʼĿıƵô
ȻãǺɽؾķȻûκζһϢһһɰӿȥһɲڡ
֮£˶е̻̲һ˲䱻˶ס˺ֻҪԷѹʱǻҷ
ʯɫһ䣬ǲִܵУһ˲䣬ҲԪ׼ʥϢһУһ˲䣬Ʋ㷭ӿֹ
ʱǺɽؾķڴһĪΪյܹڣַֻƸ겻ɣ
нһˣ
˾ץסһݣһ̣ɽؾȥֻǱһӰ˲Ϣʱӿ
ʯȴ΢΢һʦѵѾָ𣿲ܣϵƷôأ𣬶ΪοȥǻָһҲûˣ
ֻУһ뷢ףһɫۣƮƮ֮䣬ȴѸһֳ̩ɽϸУƵӡ
ӭųأ
һ̣㳡ڵӶΰȥ棬ʮ˼ҵס˺һǰеĵˣȻڵ˿̵Ϣѵ
ˣȫ£
Ƶ˪ĿϣһϢѹƣʯλеϢɻǧôܣ
ǰ˻ؾʦˣ룬˲òϳǲô̶һʱ䣬ΪʦֿȥƾˣΪѾ̤ʥˣô¡
δǰеƵӣʶ񣬸ղƵһ˲䣬ǲʲô쳣һգָۣܲˡ
˿̣ߣʮأҲ΢΢תͷС˵һ䣺Ĵˡ
֪ΪΣʱҲоǰƵЩ⣬ȻδƵӣʱȴһ֡ǰƵӣѾǰһǸƵˡһֵĸо


1163 
ֳգñ£˶ʶԶȥǰƵӣһ̧Ҳ㳡ȥ
һ˫˴ƺ⣬ʯԲ֣һĸֺ͹ɽҲؽơ
ߣ
ֻƵһߣһǰЩʱԪݶڷˣҲȫˣ
ص㳡˶еһȴȻ治ɫֻԪǱʲôԭˣﲻô
һڸһ¼Ȼ˶Ȼ仰ʲô˼˵Ԫ𣬴Ȼ޼٣һΪ˵Ǳԭ򡭡
һ±øӱˣƵӵҲ͸һɳǺ䣬η
ֱڣ뵽һΪ׼պƵԪ֮ʱϮ֪ƵԪˣҴղ˵Ļƺ϶ƵӲŵµԪˡ
ԶʯˣʱҲ˱仯һʦ־˵ôأǶˣҲ֪
ԽԽ̣ˣȥȻȴֻѻ˵˴㲻ټ˵ˣʵ˲⡣
ߡ
ƵһߣʱĿڸղ֮ȴǱ̸ֻܶ˵棬Ϸգֶ֮α¡
һ˵꣬ȫϢһһӿɢȥʱ˸еһϣǿ
һ˲䣬ֻ㳡棬ľʯ紵ҷɣǷƷӿֹһɿµϢڳ˶͸ˡ
ʮ˼ҵǳסˣ־֮ɫΪкܼƾʱϢ̤׼ʥŽ֮ˣûһ̤ʥҲԶˡ
һ̣˶Զȥûз󷨣ֵȻĴ򶷻꼰
ȻԶȥһɽѾӿȴһ˲䣬Ƶͻδ˷
ֻƵΪһɫ֣һͨһŽ׼ʥһ֮ǲҲǵشɣ̸ȥֿ
˿ֻ̣Ƶ΢̧Я֮ûʲôĻ֮УֱƷһֱȡͻδȥ
ģ
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ֻǹ㳡ĵ棬Ȼỵ̂ʱǵҲѿѺۣûɽȹ̵Ļֻ¸ղһȥɽѾҷˡ
ʱٵϢü΢΢һղһȷʵǿҲ޷Ӳ
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ߣ
Ƶһߣȥϸ룬һһɿֲһ·ĵ澡Ʒʯɽ׷׻촷ۡ
ǲֱ棬ֻܽʩչ£ܿ˵ַΧΪƵȵزһҶһԿȡοֱӻӳ
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𣡡
һֵƵָһ֮жʱ˳ɰǧâһ㣬ֱͻδɱȥ
ǻ
δ˫΢һӡɻɡʱŴתһֵ档
Ȼ˽ͬһ㣬ȻǷɻɡȷҲȫֵסһ˲ǰְϣŶһԪ˷ʹɻɡʢһֵ⡣
˿ɻ󣬴˱֮شԪ񣬲ָܻ˿죬ճڷģҲǷ˿˱ضǶʲô
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ƣȻ䣬Ƶһȣһ˲̧˳
δСģ
һɲǣӦ˹һŻδȥֻ䡱һзɻɡֵҲһ𣬲˳ȥ


1164 
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ߡ
ƵһߣȫȻδͷԷֻһ˲۳һɫӡɳ䡱һǽ÷˳ȥƬƬƬ䡣
˾һʵȻ֪Ȼ£һҲܲסѵʥ
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һ죬Ӱѹʱɽһ㳡вٽ£һƬ۳
ڵľȻ˱һ㣬վ˿ֲ
ʮ˼ҵĿɿڴû뵽ƵӵΪ˿µľ磬Ҳסκһ¡
һ̣̳ղͻδһ˲㿪ǵӰĸǷΧʱ£ȴԸľ
һֻ̣δָüһ㣬˫ֲסӡһǿʱӿ˳
δ롭
ȥü΢΢һڣӡһɾǿͬʱһʮǿʱܹܵõδѾ⿪ڵӡ
ʱһӿɢȥһ˲䣬ǧ˿ƣƵӲȥһĻԶ˾һʲô£ܽǧϸ˿

Ƽϸ˿ԼƵȫһһɲǱ㽫ǧ˿Ƶɢˡ
ȻԻδıһ֪ǧ˿ƵȻɢˣһ˲䣬۶ɣǧϸ˿һ±㴩͸塣
⡭
˹һĻԶ˽һʯ˸ɫһ䣬Ȳı£ʥǿҲδõ
Ƕڻδƿأһ֪˿ǧϸ˿Ƶӵ壬Ȼ޷˺ȴҳڡ
֮ǰƵӸ֮ʱδʹϸܵһƹ֮һգûˣڣҪٽһƹҳ

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ǲףƿأû˱ǰŮӸӵǷ켫ˡ
ֻδ˫ӡϱãɢȥһɲ۶ɣһ˲䣬͸壬޿ײ룬ѷ
һΣƵƺڶȻԴͷЩϸ˿ԶŮӣ
𣡡
һȣΡȻɽһ³δ뷭ӿȥȻ׻Ҳضܴɣ
һ˲䣬ĴƷʩչ¡һʱƵӵˣԶڵ÷顣
ʹˣҲϢһ裬ؿڸƱ֮ݺݴһ£ЩһѪ
˶ˣǿɱУȻܹӵΪֵ˺εȾ硭
ҵˣϣ̨Ѩһɲǣδ̧ͷȥһ
յһ˲䣬ӰƵӳȥƵӼԼǱüΪ£ƾ㣿룡
䣬һ̧һƳɱȥ˿ֲһƣǱߵ˲Щʧг
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Զ˽һղһֱţ۾δգһ£Ƿıôһ¾ͳӰѵһʼıӰںδ
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ʮ졭ƣ
ƵӾ֮ʱȴѾˣһƽʵʵϣۣʱһѪһ³ȥ䡱һ㳡һΪ̳֣Ҳˡ


1165 Ѫ
һĻɷˣֻĿɿڴȻŸղġ
ʦ֡
Զʯһɫһ±ò԰ֽΧĵӸסˣ֪롣
֮Уһ˲˻δߣ±̳Ĺ㳡˸ղһƣضСһЩ
һشƵӣȻ˿ȴɲҵģֻƬ̣ǹ㳡ϵ̳ɢȥʱǰһĻһ
ֻƵվʯؿڣɫ԰ֽѪӿϵĵۣҲȾѪͷɢңȥɷǣɭ޵Ķ
⡭
˸һû뵽ղһƣ˵֮أ
ˡ
ԶڵҲˣǷʯһ㣬һԭز֪룬Щָߵߣʱȴƴͷֲ̿
ٺ٣ٺ١
ʯƵӺȻɭɭЦˣδ˵꣬һѪӿ˳ɫһ±øӲ԰ѿˡ
ʦ֣
ʯӽһ˸ն˶ŲȴȻһ𣬻йɽӰ˲Ŵ࣬ȥΪֲ
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Ƶǿһѹȥʱ˵أȫǸղһƣҪ죬ڷϣ֮شˡ
ڴ֮ǰǿѹƣɸոһ£Ȼڵѱˣһ
ɱңûôף
ֻƵȫԪپۣһ˲䣬ɱȥһɲǣƿӿ˽һѾشȴȻȿ
𣡡
һֵƵһȥɽ˺գȻκ͸ղһʱԷһ»Ӱɢˡ
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һ˲䣬ٴγƵ󣬡顱һƣֽѪ˳ȥ
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ʯҲסˣɫɷֽȻóʦִʱǿ֮ĩǰЩϵʵ̫ˣֱҳֻ¶в
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ˡ
ɪɪһ㣬ƮƮƵǰʱӸµ񣬸ӳճ˶Էһ˿
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Ҷôŵϵ˶ĬƵҲһ֮ˣȻش˿Ԫˣ˿̣ԵЩ١
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ϵģ
䣡
𰻰δ䣬һ죬쳾𣬶̳֮Уֻ˫أ˲ɳʮɵľ롣

δ˿ֵ̳Ĺ㳡ȥ
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һ䣬俴ǹ㳡ֵ̳ĵط̳ɢȥ֮ʱֻƵħƹȫѪƣ˫ۣҲѪˡ
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ʯӲ˸û뵽ʦ־Ѫ֮ȻʱڻָѪһľҲˣֻض벻ˣɢ
ʮ˼ҵǸˣ˭ǰһĻһʦƵöѪ
һ㣬ȡ
һɲǣƵ˫棬͸µ񣬶񣬾˵ʶ
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򷨡𣡡
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ġ
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Ǵ˿̣һȻܹȫƽֱ
ʵǸеľѣľ֮࣬ۼѾˣƵϵѪ֮ڲɢȥذɣ
вȥֻһͷ׷ɫ˿䣬˿ѪƵӣγԱȣ
һ̣нһˣŶٱû¶
У˵Ķţ˴˿ڳעӵĽ㣬Ƶ£ʱ뵱ꡭҲżʶ
ꡭҲȥھطɡ
䵭䵭һѾ²µЩʲôˣƵӵһݣʥһΣȥϵˣֻиһˣһˣƵӡ
ֻϧʱƵӰˣףȴûɱ
գڵھϲ»󣬵Լκ˶ȥ죬ΪѾ֪Ͼⷽˡ
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⡭
Զ˽һ֮¼ħû뵽ȻҲ˵õŵ˿ѷɫζɵ
ˣʱ뵽Ǹţ˳ӵϵͽܡ


1166 
һֻ̣䵭Ե÷ƵƵȴȻ෴˫Ѫ죬ѿǿ֮ĩ
ȻʥȻһ̤ʥΪվԪ̫أղ˵ˣȥ֮ƴʹಫҲ졣
飡
Ŀ֮£һƣʱһӡƵǲѪ֣һƴؿϡ
ۣƵһѪм֮˶˳ȥ
ʦ֡
ԶʯӽһڵĵҲסˣʮ˼ҵЩˣǸĿɿڴһʦѵʹô
һɲǣղһ䡰ˡ·ֻصǶߣؼٿһɲ
飡
Ƶص˳ȥһ·ĵ棬ײ÷飬һʯ
Ѫϴӿղһƣ
ʦ𡭡
ԶһմڸϳµҲסˣƴɫ԰ף촽ûѪɫ·󲡳
ǱˣƵӵͽܣҲǴǹȳֵӣˣֱڶûȫָ
ȡȿȣ
ƵһѪҲȫѪֻʯվʱ񣬾Ǳ˪ȸղŻҪųޡ
ʦ֡
ʯɫһ䣬һɱϣЩȾѪţʦǳ£ֻڶ
㾿ҪΡ
˿ҲѾɫڲ֮ǰڻеһţջƻ֮㲻ô
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Ƶһȣ϶ʱѪΪһѪɷ֣֮УǺȻܲ죬ƹХ֮ڶ
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ʯͬʱɫǲǷ֮һʮϹŽʩչѪԪΪֻأ׻ҷΪۡ
ʦ֡ɣ
˼ͬʱ˳벻ͨʦʲôʱʼģΪҪĽûɰ
Ǵ˿̣Ҳ˲ȥôˣͬʱȥҪֹƵӣȻδ㱻һ磬ֱ˳ȥ
ֻߵѪɫ׭һ¾۶Ϊһ˲ɽƵδɫһ䣺ˡ
һ˲䣬ҲѷӦٲԥһ˲˵۹£ֱӽؤڵŽؽʩչ˳
һɲǣɣԶԶˣҲһˣΪԵ֮ˣǱѪӿֹ
ֻˣȫΪһâ֣˿̾˽һһһƵӴȥ
ȻǿһҲвʱƵӿġ߾֮֮£ٴԪڽؤڵŽʩչ˼£
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ͣһ죬Ѫɽû˸ţһƵӹضʹ߾䣬δȫɹʩչ

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һ̣Ĺ㳡ϣֻз紵֮Ѫ˳Ƶӵؿڣ䵽ϣһԪҲ
һ˲ȼ߳ԪټԵ۹·Ȼǳʥ֮ˣҲδܹοƵӱ
ˣȫڸղһ֮ˣ֮ԻվţȫߵıԴһһɢ֮ʱҲˡ
˵Ϊ׷ɱ磬ǺָʹΪ˿̣䣬ֻƵܹ
ٺ٣ٺ١
Ƶ֮УѪϵЦԽ죬һ˲䣬Σգһˣ䡱һδȥһֲԪ֮ѳӿ
δɫһ䣬һ˲仯һâ˹ȥ顱һֵһ¡
ȻʹˣҲȫסƵͷųԪ֮һ˲䣬˽Ա󵹷˳ȥ
ǸҲٴα̳֣̳ɢ֮ʱֻƵһվԭأһʯҲˡ
δ롭
ȥǰĳǿһʹϢȶδҡҡͷҺøղֵһ£˶ҪƵͷųǵԪ֮¡
ٿƵӣ֮Ȼ𣬵ϾȻЦݣ⡭ˣڡˡһ˵꣬ǰ˵ȥس֮Ϣ
ʦ֡
ʯ˫˫ԭأʦѾˣղ֮ǰ˵ڽˣʲô˼
˾֮ʱֻһĺɫ׭ȻƵӱϷ˳ɵУһ»Ϊ˻ҽ
ᣡ
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֮
üһһɲǣǰֶƵӣ˵ʥȻһֱԷ֮ţ
ʮ˼ҵҲˣʹһʼ֪Ǻɫ׭ʲôڿʯϵ仯ҲѾµ߰˷֣˭ܹ뵽ȻԷ֮ˣ
˲ı£
ʯһ˲˹ȥʦֵʬ壬ȷ󣬸ղһɫ׭˲ϵķᣡ
ֶͨΣܹһ֮ϲ·ᣬ˱ضʥ֮ˣҾһʥ֣
һ̣ľȻѵǰǰڰǰʦϰ÷֮ǸʱѾԷˣ
ֲãֲԺʦ䣬ǽЩ꣬ʱ¸ǹĪ⡭
˿ˣЩʦĴۼҪ˵ķƣ߾䣬ҲΪ˵Ȼ޷Ʒƣڳʧȥ־֮ǰԶô˵ķᣬͬھ
ʦ֡Ϊδδ˵ԭһֱҴˡ
һ̣ʯƵʬǰʹ֣ӣҲһԴض㣬ʹ
Щֻʦ䣬òʣȴ֪ʦյһУһֱԿ˵ķᣬŹ˰꣬Ҳδ˳׽ơ
աȻϷŹ¼ǧôʱʯתͷȥ棬ڱʹ
ŵڵϵƵӣԭҲֻǱ˿ƣʥҲΪˡ
֮ĶԹ˽ᡣ
һȥκһˣȻʱеɻˣ֪Ҫ뿪ղľԪֻʯûпѡ
δ룬˵ز˾ߡ
δ봫ȥһӿ˲ȻҪȥ֮ʱߺһϢٿȻƽ


1167 
ʲôˣ
һ˲䣬ʯҲһٿȻϢ
ֻԶߣȻƷӿƲ֮УһӰȻϢ£ڳˣԸеһǡ
һۣͷϴŶñģʮأʮ˼ҵ˽ԸеһϣϵϢ׵Ԩʲôˣ
ʲôˣ
һ̣ʯ˶Ԫ䱸ǰƫƫʱͻȻͣ˶Դ˵ĵ⣬ƺȶء
ؽš
һĵǶ洫˳ʮֿն޷ʲôˣ˸Ӹеˣغ˾˭ΪҲʱͻȻ
£ƺΪҶˡ
ǰеغˣɫԵʮֵȻУȴڼٻָԪϢز¶һĸߣħˣǵˣֻЩ鷳ˡ
𣡡
Ȼһһ±Ѫޱȣһغˣǿ˴һ
δ˽壬ʱֳ飬вɻΪԴǿĵ⣿ǡ
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˿̣ɵȻȴ޼ְգδ봫ȥһ˵мߣ취뿪ùҡ
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ٴǴȥڴ˴սʯ˼пʱ֣ұ취Ƚڡ
ǡ
֮УȻһЦֻغ΢΢һָ̧һݡһһɫָ˹
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ɫһδ˴ȥɽסˣ뿪
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һĻԶ˽һʲô£ܽ꣬һ˲ļš
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֮£ֻһЦֻ˫ֽӡȻһǵӡ
һΣǵӡһȦȦ⣬Ӵ𣡡巢һ𣬴żʹ࣬ǵӡ⹿òСȫˡ
飡
һ죬һƣʱ÷˳ȥƬ䣬һ˥룡
塭
δһٲԥһһɻȥ䷵ļš
һ£˸ɫ䣬غ˾˭˵õı¡
˾֮ʣֻǺһ̧жʱһɫӡֱҪˣȫɽȥ
֮ʣʹԪȻȴֻеﴦһҽʹԭһɢˣ
ղŶԸƵĹأʱټԪȥֻҪԪݽߣ֮ˣɱԪݽߡ
һɲǣδҲɫۼһɺɫӡ˾ֵ
ھһ˲ʣһһϢ䡱һغ˵ӡ˲ɢˡ

ɫһķȥֻԭܲգȻɢʹƣһͻȻ侹Щۡ
һ̣˶ס̫Ƕ߷ȥֻһӰԽԽת˲䣬֮ϡ
һŮӣһɫۣȴƺù⣬ҲŶñµݣȴȫɼֻǲ̫
һʱ䣬˶ôˣȻóŮӱضòǣֻǴʱȴЩ䣬һǧ겻ıɽ
Ŀ⣬ȥռҵˣ
һռ֮ˣڳ˸һռҵˣ˵õΪѵǣ
һ˲䣬ʯλΪ׼ʥҲסˣһٿŮӵֲš


1168 ɱ
һвǳȴĿʾˣħˡ
Ů䵭ǧ겻ķ˪ţֻеһȻռҼճСŮٻô
ռǧ츳֮ˡܹԽ
ʮǰռҼճ䣬˺ռҴСС񣬼ٻɣΪλͻȻ˵أ
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뿪˴˵
δ˼ݣ䣬Ȼһ¾Ͳ³ǰŮ˭ˡ
Ҳعͷԥһ̧ȥˡ
Ǻһ죬һɺʱȥȻһ˲䣬ŮͬһһɳȻһǺɢˡ
˽һʯλ׼ʥҲͬеЩľΪѵѾ

ҹʱһ¸һѾԶɽĵؽˣҵһɽϢ
հ죬Ĺأ뾡ָԪ򲻵ʱ̴ΣյУӰʹΪͻơ
ҹ֮ʱص¹⣬ˮѾȫȥϢɽȸ
ɽ˫գתʮ޾ɹ壬ڣҲָֻɲԪ
ãżۣԺһһ㣬ֿʼֳڵһУһУһǺǸռ֮˵ĳ֡
һ̣ؿָ֮ܵһ˿˿һ˵ĸоǵ۹½öѪ
Ѫȡϵ·ȻɼհڵʱԪľƵͬھһ£ƺöѪ£Ļһ¶ûС
֮Уܻһ죬һֱߵͻȻˣض˵һ١
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ʱһĽŲҲ𣬴˼
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Ѫ뻳Уɽȥ֮£ֻδ뾲վɽȪߣ¹ƸϣҲһ㱡ɴ
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ɫֵֹģ֪л˵˹ȥָòˣû£õġ
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ΪƺԷˣʱڶԷϣԺֺȻֳˣǸиٵꡣ
ۡ
ȻЦ˳֪ΪͻȻЦ뵽Цǲѹˣãʵδ룬Цʲô
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˵֮㶣һ̣ʲôüԭ㵱ʱ֪ҵݣ
ԡ
δ볯ͷ˸ղС˵©죬ڱɻȥȴģ׷ʵʱΪ֪ҵݣ
δɻ첻ȥһߣ˵ҵȻ֪ˣǸʱһ·ȥÿһطСҪһܣɽСǸʲôҵţŪˣҲȥɽһģ˻ģرȭ˵ʦӡ
˵ţԺһĻĻֳָʱ£ǸʱԼʦΪ
һ̣ͷ˵ľ£һЦϹһ£˵Ǹʱ㻹ƭңƽɽϣ㻹ٰȥƭˡδ룬ôˣ
ǰһ̻úõģһ̣δ۾ȴˮһ£ḧգȥ۽ǵˮʵղŻúõģôͻȻֿˡ
δ涣ҭֻ῿ϣķ㣬һɲǣˮȥʲôʥˣҲȥʲôĻˡ
ֻгһգ鶼ˣ̽ģ裬£ϲ˼䣬ǾԲ˼İٻ㡭
ȻʱԺȴܶԺ㿴ѩʱ㻹᲻ǸδŮ
ľ֮ѩأѩи֣δ뻨
δ뻨ζ覣ֻ̫Ҵңָֻͣɲǣɢ޺ۡ

δ롭
ʱ˿̣Ȼһ˿ԵĿɬ˵µģλ죬һÿǰҵ취
˫ѾȥƵҲѾˣȻֳһˣ֪Ŀǰ˵Ķ֡
ϴȥǹȣȻһӹ棬ΪҲһ磬ջǲһ㣬δ棬޷ӹ棬ѿʥ֮ΪҪ̤ʥǳ̤ʥ
˺ѾӴȳˣǵ˻֮һڤʥ䱾˵ã̤ʥ˶ɵ֣ҪԼҵİ취Ǻѡ
ѾоˣȻΪ֮ͬмܵУ⴫˵ʱѾȻǿ߲ģҵһʱΨ㹻ǿʵһЩ¹¡
ڼ׷Ѱ길֮֮ǰԼʥΪԽ׷Ѱĵ־Խǿû㹻ǿʵֻԼߵΣ
ʱԶȻӰ߷˲Ϣȴˡ
ϡ
㶿ǰһĻδɿҹɫڲشʱۣʵ𰣬̽ʲô𣿡
ع˵ǰ·裬ɳͨС
á
δ˵ͷ֮ǰɽָԪҹӰǰ̽·ȥˣֵôȻж
˿̣δȥѯʣ˵ͷްҹɶ
£˱ȥ⣬ټ˶̣ϻ졣
ڶʱһѾ뿪˹֮أ죬ҲҪʱ䣬ܻص졣
һһʱȻ䣬һɺϢֵһͷ˹ƴɱ
ܵһɭϢδͣһ̧˽䱸ϾһŮӣʱ־ͷ֪λǰһ


1169 
ڻδ뻰֮ʣֵһͷһɪɪּҶţһڴ˵Ⱥλˡ
ɫһЩϤƺˡ֮𣬻Ȫȣ˾
Ǻǡ
ֵһͷӰ˵ǰһ£òԼ䣬ұѪ£üһѪӡ˿ȥɱء
һ̧ʾţǰ˼ֶĶ˵˾þò˴Ѫ֮˿˿λɱˡ
֮£ߵߵֱǣ΢ꡢšƾ̰ǡɱ̫̫ѱǰˣ˾ɱ˾ΪԷ̫˾ܱȡ
˾һЦȴԴڻȪȣǵգ¾ûеôõˣǰڷϣȸ㣬ڣȸѾˡ
˴ǰ˼صôһΣǴԼ־ܣǴ㣬ñ˾Զء
㡭ȡ㹷
˵֮䣬Ѽ۹£һɱնȥͬʱ𰴫ȥһ뿪ÿ
һ£ܿͷӦһδȥҲȥ
δɫ΢΢һ䣬ڴˣϻк֮ǣδؼϵĶ֣ǰǧǵ˻ϡ
ۼδҪ룬˾Ŀһɱȥ׷ǣŮӣмǲص桭
ɱǺ䣬ɱƷĵУ˾˵꣬Ѿ˲չδ׷ɱȥ
һնȥ۹½Хֱһ·ĵҲնˣʱɡ
ɱ߿ͽϮһ˲תǿ顱һȻԪ໤ҲǱһβȣֱȥ
̶Ƭ̼䣬δѾ뿪֣ʧ٣˾һ˲Яɱһĵֱ⸽ƬƬƷľҷɡ
䣡һն˫ײʱһľҷɡ
˾˫ĿһȥڻȪȵʱǸʱʮ´ˣԷΪôࡣ
һߣɱվΣһһѪһ˹ͬʮͣ⸽ʯľ׷ɡ
ɱﲻܣȥ׷ղЩˣҪܵˡ˾Ŀ֮УҲ͸һţƾһˣܹ
ԣɱͣķ׷ȥһһ˲˹ȥ֮УȻһӡֱɱѹȥ
ƣ
˾һȣָһȥһӡ䡱һǵɢˣʱ쳾ҷɣɢ֮ʱȴѲɱӰ
ϰоĹŶ̶̼꣬Ѱ׼ʥѾĶˡ
˾˴ͣƬ̣Ŀһ±ɭٹ꣬Ƿʥ֮ˣҲĶˡ
̫ġ
Ҳһ±Щ䣬̫ӣʥ֮һɱĸ֣˳𲻹죬ֻڣǴ˵Ķ֡
˭ģҪ֮
˾Ȼ˵˴ʱȴһ±úˣɱ̫˾ȥҲ˲Թ뱾˾ȥֵµЩˣɱһ˿ղ˸˵ɱϵˣأҲ޴ӡ
仰ƺ̫˾ǰҲ˵㲻ȥʣжˡ

Ȼ䣬˾ɱһ֮£Χľ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬۹£˫һһΧʮڵҶ˲۳һӰХų˾ȥ
¡
ײʱ⸽ɽҡֹ˾˫΢΢һŵĵȻ֮ǻǰҲδܹסһпľ

ȻȴʱɫȻһף˾һ¿ı仯ԭȴǿţЦڻɱƵӣȷʵĲᡣ
ȻĵԪδȫָʱִ󶯹ɡ
˾µһ˲䣬һȥһ¼ȿͣ顱һҶʱɢȥҲһƴ浹˳ȥ


1170 Ů

վ֮ɫһףһһ;ֱӿȥƽ˾һ˳ȥ
˾վ֮Ҳ΢΢һСӷղԼһƣھȻû£Ȼе㱾¡
ֻϧ˽ˡ
Ȼ˾ˣ֣е죬һ󷨣˲ɣһ³ȥ
ΧĽƣ˲Ϣչɲ㿪һ˫һţȥ˾һ̧֮УȻһʮӡһ³ȥ
Ϯֻתһƴ顱һȴٴαȥɫһ±øѿˡ
˵գôõˡ
˾һЦ˲ֹ֮£ǿԪȻΧĽ֮ȴԪʧȥΪ˾ܣ
һ˲䣬ֺȻɿ磬ȴΪģ˾һ̱Ϯȴ֪ιʣԷȥ
ô¡
˾Ѹһˣһ˲䣬ŷӦħ˼ǧĹ顣
һ˲䣬Ժְֻ˸֣ǬΪ
ϳӿ˾ɫ΢΢һ䣬龹һ̣ԥ;ٳȥ
һһɾӿ顱һ˳ȥȻһ˲䣬ҲеﴦһʹȻܹΧΪãҲֻʱ֮鱾Ͳȫܷɡ
һأ˾þ࣬ظԪ֮ʱͻȻȥĺɫã˾ãѽƬֻ˴롣

ɫһףһѪӿ˾׼ᣬһƴȥһƣ֮Ȼǲо綾顱һһ´ؿڣʱ󵹷˳ȥ
䵽ȥײһϵϣۡһһѪӿ˳ȻһΣѪ֮У˿˿Ȼо綾
ˡ
ʱһ˲䣬Ѿоõڵʼɢղ˾һơ
벻˾Ҳö
һ£ٳסԪĹأɣղֱ˾˺üƣˣ˴˾綾ֻ벻
Ǻǡ
˾ɭɭһЦƽ˹һΪˣȹ칦ʴǶڣ㽫׽סˣԪָʱҲܳҵķӡô

ɫѿˣԭʧѪ԰׵ӣʱȴжüһ˿˿
Ȱһ䣬ʴǶ䲻ǿ˹ֻɢø죬ʱʴȫӴԺһˡ
˾һ߻˵ţһ˹Ϊ޷˹ˣȴ϶ԷȻһƴ顱һ˳ȥ
㡭
˾ĿһС֮£ԼʴǶȻ˹ղ䱸ֻ¾һ֮ˡ

ɫһףղһƣľԪһȴʹöɢ죬ʱͷĿѣվҲվˡ
˾Ŀ⣬թٴһһƻ˹ȥ顱һһ¸ǴѪ˳ȥڵϣҲˡ
ءվô
˾Ļ裬С˹ȥȷιȥ󣬲һЦȻ½䱸֮ʱԷȴȻۣݡö롣
⣡
룬˾һ䣬ֻǴˣ˽£ûܶ롣
ͣ
ֵ֮£ջö봩磬ֱ¡ؿ븹ö룬ͨ룬ǻͨöѪ롣
ˡ
˾ɫ䣬˲ԪöѪԪ֮£ȻҲܹܵö룬Ѱĳʮķ
˿ֻ̣ҪһһסѪԪɢôѪʱܻȥȫѪʹסԪ񣬵Ǳ뱣סˣΪµ󾳣Ԫ˥롣
ɫɷףֱŽӡ֮ƣһȴ˵ҲЩҶһ£̽ҷ𡭡
㡭
˾û뵽СӾȻװô죿ɱڸϻԼ˹⻯Ѫڣһ롣
ɳɳɳɳɳ
ʱȻнŲ˶˵ע⣬ǽŲԽԽղãĺɫ֮£һӰ
һŮӣֻȫڲһɫĶ£ݣͻȻؼĺ⣬ȴ˾Ҳеһ䣬˲׹׵ĺԨ
һ̣ϱ¶ϲ֮ɫãұƳö룡
ɳɳɳɳɳ
ӰˣʹʶѾʼģһɲǣҲܵˣɱĺ⣬
ǵŮӣ


1171 ʱ
ŮԽԽȴͣ˾ȻоЩԾ㻹ǱʲôұƳڵö룡֪˭
˵ȥŮӱ㳯˹ȥʱѾȫߣʴǶʴ֮£ɢˣ־ԽԽģ
һ㡭
˾ٿ䣬ֵ֪˭ͿһұƳ룬ȻС׽ûȥ
ŮȻԲߵ˾ı󣬻̧ƣ˾޷תͷȥ˵ҷšѨȻ󡭡
δ˵꣬˾ȻһҽУŮһƴϣʱѪϸһ²˾֮ɫ
һ˲䣬ڰסöѪЩɢһΪǳʱ˹סԪʱֻѪӿ־ŭ㾹Ȼ
ŮȻȥһڵϵȥ
һԼѾ𽥿ʼģʱĺɫĺϣЩ塣
㡭ʲô
˾ǿһʱȴӲܶˣһػסѪɢ
ŮҲûȥһ߷ȥ
Ҫȥģ
˾ϾɫһȻȴֻţŮӱʧ˲ãĺɫ¡
ʱ˿̣ܶղűŮһƴˣһɣֻܵȣɱ
ĺɫԽԽԶɽʯɽһɭȻ

㵽˭
ҹ죬ʶѾԽԽģˣȻһѡ
Ȼ֮ǰĲ²⣬ŮһССڶѣ˴ı£һ˵õˣȻڱ󵷹
ŮûлشĻȻһ·ǰȥҲ֪Ҫȥ
Ҫȥġȥ칦ô
Ϣ΢ȫԪɢʴǶҲԽԽŮȻ˵ֻǱһ·ǰȥǷƺȴֲķ
һ»𣬽һƬɽӳյóξˮҹֻŮӽ̤֦Ҷ΢΢졣
лɴʱӯϵСҲδѣɼһṦ֮Ѱ֮˿ɱȡ
κֻƾʩչṦ˾ͲκߵϢһҲͲᱻ׷ٵˡ

Ȼ䣬һƺߣ֮£ֻɫһ±øӲ԰ˣȻʴǶˡ
˶ȻȴǰҪĴҩӿ£Ϊ𽥸ʴ˵ľȥһ˵ΪʶΪʴǡʥ˴˶ҲԷΪʮ鷳
Ůͣһ£漴ԪһϣڵʴǶ
ʱ죬΢죬Ҷɳɳ죬Ӱ涣ǿ̧ͷ¹µӣǲ԰ֽô
һɲǣŮһ£һ紵΢΢ĶۣȴȻµݡ
ϴˡŮӵǱ䣬˭
Ҳϴɫ԰ף˵ʮΪʲôҪҡ
˵ϴˡ
Ůӵ̬ȣ˱䣬͸һ飬꣬ˮ
ʶԽԽģʱֵһͷһɱϢ
һ΢磬ϵļƬҶŮʱ˵ٴνչṦȥ
һ·֪˶Զֱҹʱ֣磬ɽһУӳյ
Ůӵٶȸˣ˲Ϣ䣬ܶݳǧɾ룬˿ڶʲôһ
ȻһĹʱ£磬ȪˮͬʱﻹһӰ
Ȼ뿪
˵ͬһŮӣǱˣȴͻȻڵռ֮ˣٻ

ɫ԰ףʶʱѣʱģҲģģȴϳˣռŮӡ
Ůһ½䱸һֻֽһֻ֣ѾԪ
Ȼʹ΢۵ĶҲӲٻǰȻ䵭˵һΣȻ뿪
ŮţǿдأδȥֻٻһһɾȥƻĹһһľһһʯȴӲŮɼΪ֮ߣǵ֮
Ůһ䣬ɱһһٻȥɱϮٻȴɽָһᲢãһָŮ󴦡
飡
ֻһ죬ŮһƲûܹٻһָòסȥ
ռǧһˣʹŮɱٻ֣Ҳأ丸ճʦ緶
ȻŮϵĺȴԽԽأ֮䣬ĹȣеĻݲݣҲȻȾһ㺮˪
֮ʣֻŮһۣ˲ֳȥֻһֻҪסȴǼΪ㣬Ըղһƣһ¾ͱٻ˻
ʱֻȫƣȻתһŹʮʹٻʶ㣬ҲƲԪһˣ̾۾
ת˲֮䣬ŮѾһΣٻСʱתռҵġȻһӦԣвС
Ƭ֮ʤȻδ֣ʱŮȴͻȻһƺߣǴ˹ԣܹת
һɲ֮ʣٻƳ˲䣬ӰΣ顱һҼϣʱ˳ȥֽŵҲһ˳ȥ
ٻһ԰нסĿһŮӿȥһɲǣϸܵһŮΪ˿ŮӲҪ
Ůؿڣ˫һţȥգ֮䣬ʧ˲ãҹɫС
ٻȻҲȥ׷ˣֻǻعͷŴʱһ֮̽£ŷԪݽߣˣо綾
㡭ɫ԰ףֻһ֣Ҳ֧Ųס˹ȥ
¹ˮϰϰٻͷŻԹȥİ׷֮ˣһɲǣ˹ˣüĽ

֪˶ãתԺŵһɵ̴㣬ҲůЩĴߣη꣬кþδůʵĴˡģ
ӣˡӣ𣿡
ԼԼһ΢΢ӰҲһ׷Ȼߣһȵš
ǣǡ
һ̣ǸоЩģ֮ǰ˺Ҳ벻ˡ
ӣˡ
ʪֻһؿ۾磬Ӻ촽
ǡһ˲䣬ڽǰһˣǰλѵǡ
ӣ㲻ϵǡû£û¡˵
۾ʪԱߵİ׷߿˿⹫


1172 
һɲǣȻǰˣ˼ǧذתȴԣãƽƽ˵һ仰Ƕλҡ
һˣˣռμճ࣬ˡ
˿̣շ䵭Ҳɵסˣһ뵱֮£Ҳֻܴ̾ϢȻ¡
ճʵڡоΣ
΢һ˹ŷ֣ڶѾȥҲָòˣֻУлЩͰ
ǰλԼ˹˵ˡ
л
ƽƽȴʹշţܣÿÿѩ׷뵽ŵŮٴĻĻ֣б̲סˮ
ʱƽƽһԵǳһĸȥﵱĸףɺ嶼ûˡ
Щδٸܹκ飬֣ԣԶǱɽ֮¡
ճ೤һ̾òŵһ֪ɡ
ꡭΪΣ˶ҪɱҸסָһɲǣкȻ
ճ̾˵ĸףħıȾָɽ硭
ҲΪָһøˣ̧ͷһؿ
ճҡͷ̾շҲӺʪ˵㸸磬᳦Щβ֪Ǳݺ
˴շ˲˲۾˵Ƕ֮ˣԸκˣ꣬Ҳң棬ڡôˣӣһԹޣ꣬Ϊʲôûܾǡ
һԹޣԹޣĸǵŮȵˣܲ𡭡
ճڵʱʥΪ䣬ɼ֮£ʥ֮ˣ֮κΡ
ճ̾ҸȥȪȵʱѾһ
Ȫȡ
뵽ǴȥȪȣһƴ򴩵ɽ壬׺׹Ȼ˻ȪȣȴȻ̫׷ˡ
ճ˵Ҹϵ֮ʱ̫Ҳˣ㣬ȴһغˣҹ˲ȥܵʱȪȵΣֻ취Ƚ׷˵ΪȫȻ֮£һ·׷Ϣ׷ҹŽ׷ϡ
غˡ
һһɲǣѾԤУʬħ飬ҲҪ⿪ˡ
˵ճ۰룬Σ˵˳

Ǻǣռһ·׷ҹȴûĶԪ
֮£һɭɭЦбŵӤȴǲסޡ
ӤԽԽճһҲԽԽţˣȻʥΪ޷Ϣֱ˭˵¾ʲôˣ⺢Ӹճã£黹ҡ
ǺǣռŮĺӣǾԡ
֮£ٴδɭɭЦһӤ
㣡
ճһǺʴģһδµӤܳܵˣٲԥһ˲ȥ
ǺȻһֱֻӤһֻ֣ȴз׳ʣʮֹ죬ճһΪȻҲǵУ˶Ƭ̣أȴǲָ¡
֮ʱ˺ȻӤһףһ½˸ӡ˲䳯ճ˹
ճϵеӤȥӣʱܵԷһӡͬСɣֻ˹࿹顱һȴǺ˵ӡ˳ȥ
˽סӤɭɭһЦռһǣΡ
㡭һɲǣճ˶ɫǵˣ
ղһӡǵ֮ˣʩչóճһ¶϶ˣǰ˲ħˣǵˣ
Ŷռ𡭡ɭɭһЦĶ֮£ƣʹݣԵøĪˡ
ճƽڴ֮ǰһֱΪԷħˣû뵽Ȼǵˣһм֮ˣ
¼ǵˣȴΪζһֺ֣βʵʾˣ
ʵݣǺǡ
ɭȻһЦһɲǣɭޱȣǳյݣѾõԼǲˡ
㡭
ճһһ˲䣬׹Ԩֻеһǰ˵ݡֻ¾򵥣
ܸ˭ն޿ܴӣ
Ȼ䣬ճȫһΧƣⷽԲҲϹ죬һϢʱ֮䡣
˫һŶ̫Ĵ֮һ
ת˲֮䣬ճѳɣ˲仯һâ˹ȥ˽ʥΪ˶֮£ǵУ
ֱ⸽ɽ飬תһԨϷԨ֮£գ֡
˺ȻɭɭҪǾȥⰵյԨ˵գһƣеӤԨȥ
صԨϷճමȻһһ˲ԨȥȻסӤ˲䣬棬һӡؿڴ˹
һ̫죬ȻճȴҲˣ͡һһӡؿڡ

ճʱһƺߣΪ֮ߣʱ֪˴˰㣬ոԪһ˲ɢ
ǺЦһȻһӰһƴ˹顱һճ౻һؿڣۡһѪŻӤԨ׹ȥ
ճһΪѳʥȻܰ㣬ʱǿԪһԨ֮³˳һ±ϡ

ɫɷףǺ˲Ͻӡ䣬ϣȻҲһӡ֣һӡڡ
ճһֱֻӤһֻԪϼѨȥʹˣֻ̫ʱס
ֻճ亹ָһ㣬ɫһ䣺ǡ䣡㣡
һ£˿ȥʱԴһɾ֮ɫԭ¡ˣ

졭
棬̴ƣأһ»ǰڷϣλӵߣ˵й飬塢޵̨̰աħ֮Ԩ֮š
ڴǰճȻɫһףԱշסô
ûû¡
ճɿ֣˵ͷ䣬Ĳ䣬ڵ˾ʲôˣΪλĹ䣬Ҳ޷ȷ

Ǻǣռζ֪Ρ
ԨϷ˴һɭɭЦճ˹䣬ɫԽԽüһӡ֣г֮
ʱеӤҲסޣճ࿴δµĺӣ뵽ŵŮз·𱻺ݺ׶һ£һɲǣɫøѿˣ̼䣬һ˪
Ϊˣһ˼ȴв֮£ճ൹Ҫ㾿ǹ
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Ȱ
ճһ£ķƣʱһâӡɽѵأк̫֮һƳǺȥ



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¡
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ʱеӤѾֹͣޣ˯ˣճȥǵѪӤ˯ӣɵ̾
Ȼ̾һ˲䣬ǺȻʲôԣӤϣһƺһû
ճϵʱ¶һԵľɫǱղԨ·ĻȾ˾ȣɸղһƺ

ʱȻһӰһŮӣƮƮüĿ续òҪǣᣬΪȥȴǼΪѰ֮ˣ׷ٵ
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㡭

ճۣᴥӤϹŵһöѪ˿˵һöѪˣ̫һ֮⺢ܻš
ǽ㣬
һ̣ٻֻеЩת૵صһעˣ
ճ೤̾ٴαۣҡͷԼѡԹˡ

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ϣٻϵѪɫһ¾ʧˣһֻ̣Ϊ£̫ӣҪɱ㣡
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ոеǡ
ʮأĿĿҲ򵥡ʱȥᡣ
һ뵽ղˣճüǲȥᣬǸûκΰ취׷ٵκһϢ
˵Ԫ񣬸ղűԡˣϱ⼸ʮܼ˼ˡȻȥ
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ǲô
ԣշһģ˵Ĺ䣬𡭡
֪䣬Ǵ̫Źһ壬ܹһʧ䣬ȴȻܽ⣬ǡǵԡٻϧ֮ƽ⣬ٻϧ֮չżأ۲δں
ճһ˵ţһҡͷֻ̾˫ް߰ףŶ̶̼գȥǲꡣ
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ճҡҡ֣ǧ꺮վ˵ȥĺˣϣƺЩԾ
⼸գӤٻչˣʱ棬ȴ۴֮
ٻôˣ
ճշ˽ȴϷһ̣ٻüҲ֪ϾͶˣһֱޣι̣³
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ճ˹ȥӤٻﱧ˹һ֮̽£ɫʱ
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ôˣԱշżôˣûмճʱ˿
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ճɫɷף亹ϵ䣬Աշһʬħ֣˾һȥǶ˻һ
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շɫ԰ףȥʧǣ૵࣬һŪ˰ɣôС
дȻʬħ
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ʮء
ԣٻһ㶣ռңֻеĿǰʮˣһֻǸӲ

棬ڴϣһʬħʬħ˵˭Ŀģ־ʲô

ճ̾ͷ׷ѩҲƣ꣬ȴǲࡣ
ʱֻص꣬һȥˣȥˣȥˡҲ֪ȥ˼գ֮УȻһҲãճ࣬⼸ĹڵĹˡ
࡭
շɫ΢΢һ䣬æȥסֻͷףŶ̶̼죬һ²˼ʮһ
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ճɫ԰ףЩ㲲ﻹǸʥռҼˣ
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ֻ˯Ӥȥ˵ʬħڣΪȻгεһա
ԣշɫһһ´ｫӤ˹Ųţ࣬㣬ҪʲôϣΨһĹⰡ
ճһʹ۾ȴҲ˿̵ʹ֮ɫʬħ޽⣬⺢ӡǣסˡ
һ˲䣬ֲ࣬ϴԼؿڣûܾȵ㣬ΨһϵĺҲסһΪʥкá
ոʹʧŮȴŮ֮ҲסֻճշվһԣҲѾˮôδճʱ㱯˰ʹ


1174 
˿̣Ȼ⼸ճΪ˹ˣԼڵʴǶĹأʱֻɫЩ΢΢ףʱ£УʹʧŮİˡ
ʱҲһЩȻǰֻһСС֮ͯʱÿÿЩͯûеС֣ܶԷжˣҪȥһôùôˣÿҲ˶顣
˿СͰ˴ܣһʮ˴ˣӵûе̵ܽĺˣԼĺһ档
ǸʱҲԼĸ˭Ϊ˺ģҪԼ
ÿÿʱСС͵бǻһССԹޣһԼ˵ԺˣҲϡ
ȴȥţδٽ̹һҲӡ
ٵСһˣҲȥܱô˵ˣССͣȴŴ¡
ֻÿÿ֮ҹŻڴ̨ߣϵһǺþãʱͿڴ̨˯ˣÿÿʱҲȥǺñӣ
˿̣£УйԵʹıҲ˿ü
ǺأΡ
ճһ˵ˡ


ճ֮ʱ洫СŮٻһĻ㲲ĸףٻѾµ߰˷֣ҲɵһȻʧɫ
˾˭ΪҪһССӤ´˶֡
ٻҲ벻ףΪʲôŻɥĲһδµӤڣʬħ

ճ̾˵ʬħһ۳Σ롭
˵˴ŷŵӤʬħݷڣȵΪʬħҲΪɳһ֮գʱֻ˼䣬ⲻһͿ֪̿ϵܣ룬ϻݵ𡭡
ճۣշ˱ŻеӤԽ⺢ӣȴԽǵոճһһ̲סȻ䣺ÿడ
䣬Ϊһ㰧˵֣ãճһʬħڳΣؽȫʱ˭Ҳֹˡ
һԣշ˸һеӤøˣȥ࣬ҪʲôѵɱİҲܣҲʲôʬħ
ճһ۾ʱģֺγ絶ʣֻеĲֻѹʵŮռңС²
ȵȡ뵽ˡ
ȻٻһճҲһ۾ٻ뵽ʲôˣ
ٻ򻳱Ӥĸ˹ȥĿһӤϣ˵ŵ˵ΪԽߣʬħΪԽǳɳÿ죬ôڷгȫΪһͨͨķˣʬħǷһֱݷ״̬޷ѣ
Ŵԣճü˵ͷ˵Ҳûڷг󣬲֮ţ಻ħţʬħſԶ޷ѣֻǡ
˴ͣƬ̣üøˣУһ䣬ֻ¡
԰ɡ
ٻŴʱܲĸףתͷĸ׻бŵӤ˵ص⺢ӣһѣǽţҲضǶֶѣˣڷȢӣһһҲûˣ֪ݣʬħҲԶ

ճεص˵ͷ£ҲΨˣܱסӵٻֵ˵ݳǣλ֮硭
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ãҲҵһΪʵĵطɽˮ֮أħ̾ḽɽˮ֮أɽͽ⺢ӲʱһãػᱻŸ˿С
֮⣬ıħ˶ϣ˼ȥȥԪڵĵط
֮ףħˣ澳ҡ
ŴɽԶǾԵķ֮أһСС䣬ǲЩעġ
գӴ

˿̣굱ǰ֮ŲˮʯˣǴ˿̣ȴеһԵѹ֡
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ʦȴ˵飬ҵ֮²ΪףΪΡ
ʦʹ޵ģħ𣿿Ϊε꣬ȴҪҡ
֪ʬħƽ֮ʬħ֮գϣһħ
Ϊʲô
ʦ㵱ʲô㲻ɱңȥһħ̥㻹Ұ¡
гһգճΪħز֮ʱȴҳеһô

ʱ˿̣û¶κУȴһ飬Ƶ

Ȼ䣬ճ෢һƺߣԭЩ꣬һֱѹŵ˴ڵĹ䣬Ĳ䣬нֻⷨƾһУȥѹơ
ϾһĶ񻯣⼸嶾˲ٹ϶ɳˡ
࣬ô
շվһԣԵýţֻճҡҡ֣˵û¡ȥ꣬ˡ
̧ͷǰˣһ̣ζӳ£òŻ´˵Ĺģȥ
ãӣ

ռڵġط塱滷ɽƣɽϴء̨ɾȵطռ֮ˣϵطҲҲš
ЩճһϸܣɽϺȻһܲ˵ע⣿
Щ죬ڱ͵͵ۣ˵ǰ죬Сһ֮ˣ֪ʲôš
Լһճ˺ɽһΪĹȣлïȪˮ¼俪һƻķ˻ҡ
طշһֺۣɬǵСʱ򣬱ϲˣÿθ죬Ҳһ
ȥЩ±ϣһشغƻķ˻컨ӰУ·Ӱһһգۣȴûˡ
շ˲˲۾˵Ĺߣȥɡ

˵ͷһȥÿǰһ±Ƕǧ֮棬ҲǱһʯݺѹš


1175 
ֻɽȵķ˻ҡҷ紵ɽʱһǷһ
ĽŲԽԽˣ·⿪ɽȵķ˻УҲʱֵӰӣǷһûˡ
ڣһɽԣˮ±߻۳̶̶ĲԶһڣֻ֣Ů֮Ĺ
ס
ĽŲһ±øӳˣջһһ˹ȥĹߣһڣĹȴһҲûС
һڣǸ׵ĹˣʼҵˣⱮϣûκһ֡
һ̣øӳˣԺ棬һһ鸡ξģ档
磬һҪǵĺӡ
ᡭҪҪᡭ
˺ѷε·ڶѪ񣬴ʱܹõʱ龰
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ڣˣΪεʦֻøԼʱһ˲䣬ܵһѪĸо
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ס
Ѫ֣ʼ绺ɽԴһ۾Ҳˡ
븸Ҳû˿ԽǲɢˣҲһУ˭ҲܹȺˡ
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¡
գ˵ͱ䣬Ȼһէ죬ǲ֡
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ξˡˣ
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ص棬Ҵҽһ̫ĵӣʱ̫˲԰ײɫʱҲŵɫɷף
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˿ֻ̣̫ɫɷף亹Σʵ˾Ǳߣڵʲô
ԣǵ˰죬ͷ˵ɱ䲻
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̫ƽɫȻЩǶȫ֮ڣҲҪ˴
ŴԣǵֻһɫЩ΢΢ףֵǣӶȥ
ˣȥɡ̫˻˻֣һɿƣ֮ɫһ
ǡǵӹ˹֣ȥ

վǰ֪վ˶ãҲС꣬ǰķ˻΢ϸУҡΡ
ԽԽʪˣҲ𽥱ˮģֻһgǰղ뿪
¡¡
ԽԽ󣬾֮ϣէ죬绮ʣâҪ˺еĺڰ

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ããúӡշʪ󣬲ϵͷʱǿŵһ
һǰȥбϸ棬ǰ·Ȼڽ£Զɵɽ˵Ҳ
һԣշһ£ڵϵ˻ûãôҪȥİ˵˵ţˡ
֮кδȥ
һתǰˣǳأ˵ǡء
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Դӵ꣬˵Ĺ󣬱䣬ռҴС֮£ҲཻٻͬʱռЩϡ

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ӡ
շһ죬Ҫסݺᣬճఴȥķҡͷ̾統꣬һģһ
ʱԶһɽϵСͤһµŮվͤ⣬ȥķ˫üոǸˣôôǼң
ʦáĪϵˣ
˿̣ͤ߳һµӣƺռ֮ˡ
ŮһݣҵȻϵϴǹȼ֮ǰͷ۾Ϲģ
Ŷ΢΢һȥķʵǴ˭ҵʦã

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˿ֻ̣˫üһһ뵽֮ռС㣬Ҳǲ˵ģ˵ˣ֮һ
һ
֣һ㶣Ķعͷȥһ֮ɫüôСʲô
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ȻĶʱЩԵȴҲʶô壬һĪǱǰЩգ±ߴԣùôǸ֮ˣ֮䣬֮䣬Ȼġ
ݲһ㣬֪ռңֻǻռҴ޾鷳

˵뿪ռڵļط󣬱һ·ϷȥͬʱҲ㣬δ봫ȥһѶϢȻ죬صġ
һ·СʱȻͣɫȥЩ΢΢ףҲ亹
СӣŲסô
ʱһԱܷӦ䱸ȴٴ𣺡Сӣؽţҡ
ħ
תͷȥȴħ˹շ֮󣬹ħһֱûж֪Ϊλʱ
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ü΢δȫָһ˾׼ʥûκʤ㣬ħɹǵϢ̫أȻ׼ʥĸ֡
޷Ϸֻǳ͸
ħһ˵ţһ߻˳һ̬֮߰ߣˣϷꡭ
ˣ֪׼ʥѣһƾɱ
ɫЩ԰ףڣɽشļ֮УҲ֪ܷٻˣ޷ٻɽھͺΣգħȥ򶨻ˡ
ߡ
ħһߣ˵㱾ɵȫָٳԼȴҪôųԹ˭
ռңȻĵճռҼռôҲһ˵㣬ֻǡռҲݲԼˣֺα⹫Ϊѡ
شѵûȥĵطôȣȿȣ
ɫһ±øӲ԰ˣǸղߵ̫죬Ϣδȡ
Ҫ죬·;ңԶֱƣֻµѾ޵Ҫȥһ׵¡
ڣδȫָԶȫʢʱڣһκһϵ׼ʥ֮ǡ
ڣҸطֲָ̫㣬ҲʱѰ
¡
Ȼ䣬һ𣬽Ŷܿ죬ȫֱˮʪˣڼϣһִ̹Ǻ⡣
شĪûȥ֮ô
һ˲䣬ָܵһ˿Ϣһ˿⣬Դ˿ؼ꣬ҲǱʪ͸ѣǡؿڵѪ


1176 
ȡѪһ˲䣬һϢʱ֣꣬ҲһɲǣΧߡ
ʱûдֻܵǿһʱһϢֻǡ
˼֮ʣȻ䣬һΪӿɢ˿һԵĹħһҲòסȥǿ
̶Ƭ̼䣬ɽ룬һɰƺǳ󺣣ؼ䣬Ҳǳһһ⣬ڵĸΪģֱʣ
⣬⡭ǣ
Զħƾһ㣬ŵ⣬ѵǡʮôܡ
ס
ʱ˿̣ҲסˣһΧģӰһҲϸԺ
ǣ׵
ֱ̧ۣΧһ۹ֱۣǴ˿Ҳôˡ
ԭ׵ôǿ
˿̣һʱֻδϣܹǿû뵽ԭĸ׵Ҳôǿ
Ǵ˿̣ȴһԵĿɬǵĳһһ鸡ֳʱ
ʱΧʼΧת漴ؼһ̶Ǳ˹ӿ
һ̣ΧȻӿȥһʱ䣬⸽粻ֹ죬ġ
⡭
˾˵һĻħһȻʮû뵽˼磬Ȼ
һֱʣܵҲӿȥһʱ䣬ǵͨ죬ĳҲס
ģϢƽʼ壬һ壬ԭܴоѸ޸ţ޸ˣұøӼ
ʱռңطϣճˣܹϷϵһâĲʺһ߲ʰ쵡

Զʵ⣬һ̣ճҲʼЩ΢΢Աߵշˣ¡
ʱռңֻǲŸܵõԶʵһ߲ʹâֻǣĲʺ硣

һҹʱȥˣɽ룬£ҶϻһſžӨ͸ˮ飬ҫ£һһ
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Сӣָò
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½һҲǷëһĴڣˣɽٵһţһ㶼ҵ
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ȻҲδֳ֣֮ʱȴϳ˺׺飬Ҳû
ʱֺȻ뵽˵Ż֮ǸġڡţȻ֮ӿٶȣԴﵽǰ˶޷ﵽľ磬Կƴǰ˶޷Ƶĳ
գַŷˣֻʵ̫а죬вӰ˵ԣ߻ħ
ʱħ˹һۣ˫ָͷϣڳһѧʵģ˵СӣĪǲ֪֮ʱ°ʮʮΪ鳤֮ԴߵڣȻҲͬһĴڣǾ֮ڡ
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ħһߣٴΰڳһˣ֪ģʮΪʮͬ൱ߣҲ
ʮ
һ̣Ѿ뵽ʲôħ˵ʮǳˣǳǷëǣʮһ񻰣Ѱ١
ħ˵˴ת֮ǰӿڵǹҲµòǲʮͬʱʮ
ʮ
΢΢һ̧ƣһֵԭ
һֱΪᣬȴʮʥ֮һ츳ڵʱܼȴû뵽ԭףʮ
δڣҲһɼǿɱžڵʱڣôֺ޷޸ɽѺۣδƾһˣܹ޸Ѻۣɼ֮ǿܼѵҲǡ
ħ˹˵Զ򵥣Ŀǰı£ԶԶ޷֮Ԧ
ô
̧ƣֵĲٿأȷʵԶԶδ롭
һ죬ܹ֮ȫá
ħתȥʱֱǸѧһԶɽӣ˵ÿõһУżȻģСӣҲ⣬ϣȻĳʹ
һ̣ԽԽһ򵥵ġħˡ
ˡ
һħת˵طʺңһȻǬɣգħڣŶ硭ߡ˴һ´ǰʧˡ
Զɽռҵķ˿ԥһ·ǰȥˡ
ѾԶռҵĵؽ磬ڽ񳿵ʱȴȻյ𰴫ѶѾɳǰвٵطѾʹɽҰ֮УҲȫ
ԣҪıԭе·ߣǰԼʮһĹųǡݡоۼҪм䴩ŵС
ʱѾݣ뵱ݳһҲʮִ󣬲ͬǣݳɱܣݣ澳ӹܡ
ڳУһ·˲йЩĴţ֮䣬֮Լйء
ǰһȻ䣬һɺɱƽڴǰصɱδܹڣȴܹ׶쵽
λȻˣͲҪزˣɡ
ͣ˽һȫȥºûãȻһһӰʼ֣һɱϯҲڸо׷Զȥ


1177 ɱ
ܿ죬⸽ѾֶʮµˣϢصüȻ޷ӹʶ
ʮˣȥΪͣˣҲû뵽٣ôѾ¶ˡ
ԶλҲɡ
䵭ڻʱֵһߣһӰһɫѣ֮У͸һɺɱͬʱм̰
ôֻһô˹һЦ֮еɱ̰øˡ
һĸ֣һȻҲ˵˹飬ʱ׷ȥѵǰ׷֮ˣ֮һ
һ£в˸ԶȥȴһЩӴˣڸΧۣǶ˵ȴδ䱾ˣû뵽գ˾ڹ
ǰӣɱƾ̰ǡ£̰ˡ
һ˸һַ׷ӿȥ̰ǵ

̰ĿϣһЦɱʧܣԼϢ΢ƾһʱҲ
һֻҪԼץסһǹ;ȫԼˣλãʱҲԼˣǺǡ
ʱԶȻӰ߷˹Ϊ뷢׵ߣȥɷǣΪҲ͡
һ£Χձøӽˣ̰ԶƮȻ߿˿̰ǣּˣǵλϣӦòָԤ֮°ɣ
һ֮У˲һ̹ǵĺ⣬飬ѰСĸȥܣ
ֻߣм˵̰ǵҪڴˣҵǲӡ˵գһ̧ˣȫԶ⸽
ģܿġ
̰һЦһ˲䣬Ȼԭʧˣٴγ֮ʱǰָУһ³ʺץȥ
һʮֿ죬˸ûп壬֮ʱȴ̰ˣһԷ˳ȥ顱һһʯ̨ײ÷飬ֵ϶ʱ̳
ô¡
Զ˽һոһ¸ûܿ壬˵ٶȣʵ̫ˡ
Ǻǣ
̳֮Уֻ̰˳ȥϵĻҳǴЦһɲǵĿ⣬ȴǱø׺ˡ
ٿȻվԭأȥûжһ£˫Ȼ
ֻǸģǵλϣʱȴһȻҲ˵ֻ֮˱ǵ˻Ե˸ߵΪ
ɸոһĻȴˣ˳ֱּӰ̰ߵʵѾˣɸղһ£ֱӱԷ˳ȥ
˶һۣһأ˴˵˵ͷ֪롣
ڴʱΧĶʮҲóȻ֣ȻղҲһ̰˾ʵһ¾ͱ˳ȥ˵ʵ̤׼ʥڼף
û˸̰ɱ䣬һߣʱһԪһۣ͵һȥ
һ˲䣬ӿȻԶˣҲеϢѣȥȻΪһεʧ֣һΣ̰Ǽǲ
һٿȻȴȻУûתȥ̰ǽʱһһȥ䡱һײʱ⸽һΧķݣһ˲仯Ϊɻҡ
ԶˣʱҲеϢֻ˶ڿУǸӿҪһУ˺÷顣
̰ɫЩѿһɲĸоô£˵ֻд׼ʥ׵ʵôΪΡȻ͹˶ֵʵ
̰ǵƺЩŹͷˡ
񵭵һƺ嫴һ㣬ɲ⣬ԶǵλϣʱҲסˣû뵽һһĹ˺Ҳδְ
Ǻǣô
̰ɫѿȴ͸һ׺ݣһߣһɹ;ֱһ·ĵ棬Ҳ÷顣
䣡һ죬ֻ΢΢һ̧ױֵס̰ǵһ
ôܡ̰°һȻϣȴǿ򶨣ȵɱ
ΧĶʮ˷ŷӦƾǵΪҪɱܡ
ֻǶʮˣ׷״м˷׭ʱһ׭̼仯޼᲻ݵУֱȥ
Щ׭ϮչɲαĪ⣬磬ܿ죬ʮ棬ʮ£ʣµҲľǶ͹˶Էʵ
̰ԽԽֲõԤУһȫ˶Էʵ˿ֳʵ΢˾˰
飡
һ죬̰ǻδüУѱһƴؿڣʱһѪ浹˳ȥһײ÷顣
ԶǵѾԽԽ࣬ĿɿڴߣһλȻûһ˿Ļأ⡭˶еľȻѡ
ۣ
֮У̰ǿվȴûסһѪӿȻղһƣֱӴ͸Ļ澭ܵ˲СĴˡ
㡭
̰ǿ̳棬Ǹˣһ̣ڸܵһɱĿ־塣
ɿ־壬ԶԷ񣬷·µԨһ㺮䣬ôһɲǣǲ˻þʱˣһ硣
һΣ̰ͼ̰ͣð΢˾ƾ˾˱𴦣һ˿µĶ֣
ѹֵϢԽԽ̰ɫһ棬ԽԽӰһ˲䣬ٲԥȡһö㣬˫ָһдһ
һ̣洫΢˾̰ǣںδûС
ǣڹǡҲڣ
˵ʲô
һڹǡ
̰ǣ̰ǣʲô£̰ǣ

һ˺ѷεĲҽУϴ̳ﴫ˶ëȻ̳ɢȥ֮ʱֻ̰ǱźϺɫ
̰ǣ̰ǣʲôˣشң
棬ǲϴ΢˾̰ǱźѪָ
ԶеˣԱһĻŵòᣬȴʼ䵭ľȻȻͬһ㣬˱顭

̰ǣ̰ǡ˵
棬ϴ΢˾㿴ȥˡ䣬һ˲ʩչ˳
΢˾ҡ
̰һַѱ֣ŨŨɢȥ֮ʱѾ˶ʮʬ壬̰ΪֲȻźϵƤȴѾȫ˽ȥ·ʬһ
顱һʬ嵹ȥµѪŵ㣬Ҳ˳ȥ
棬΢˾һۣһŽȵ÷顣


1178 
һ±ʮֻз紵죬ϵĶʮʬ壬һɲǣ
ԶǵǸĿɿڴƶ˻һ˵̰ǱɱģΧʮأ
һֻ̣еޱȵĵֹɱֶΣǼδδţûһ£˾ˣ⾿ǡ
ʱвһæԶȥƺ˿֮Ǵ֮лҪ¡
еʧȥɡ
˵ţһǰȥʱߣȻ⳥򻵵һУû˵ˣˡ
ǵλϣҲһ亹ȻǶŷػɸղŵսҲһЩֻ·ǵûȥǲɡ
̰ǵʬ忴һۣǸеһ̰ߵ֮һʵΣö˵ɸովȻһ㷴֮ҲûС
һ֮ǰĴ棬ɱ̫˾ɱ̰˾ǣҲŹˡ
˿̣˱˴˶һۣĬĬ˵ͷղΣҲȥǴˣϾ̰ֻǱߣЩ鷳ˡ

뿪ǺһտƽԭĿԶֻ죬Ȼźܳһξ룬ٳױ¶ˣٰ֮ǰ趨·ߣȻ鷳
˼ˣҲԥȡѶ㣬˴ȥһѶ󣬱ˡ
Ѷڻɣ֮Լٻᱩ¶пػɴƶϳλڡ
ֶΣȻֲôǰһ˵Ǳϵˣӵ֮ʴ֮أûпӵõ
λʥ֮ȻӲֶΣѰ׼ʥܱȣʱЩɣԼһһ˽ָơ
ˣȷʵЩ鷳ˣ길׺ףˣӵ˻ȪȣҲδӹ̫ӵ׷ɱô
̫ӣָղԥһ߷ȥˡ
֮һ޾ɽ֮УͬԪʮһҲָǣ˼ڴɽɣʥߣҲȥ档

Ȼ䣬ɫһף﷢һƺߣͣ亹ΣԭյʱͷԼΪͻֻ֮Ϊ˲΢˾Լټʶһ·ھѹš
治ʱ򡭡
亹Σ˫һ̧궯ȶȥܹо˳ͻƣƱؽƲ⾳㡰澳
һֻҪ˳ӹ桱ôʥǰֻҪɹʥôʱ̫ӣؾ棬亮ӣһҲӡ
ʱ֮սΪͻǱȻֻƫƫ粻ȴҪʱ
˿̣ϵ亹ԽԽ࣬Ϊ켲·֮Ҳʼֽʹ֮״
֮ˣΪͻ֮컯ʱŸ˱֮չֱΪͻƺ󷽲ų
κĺ֮ɢɣѰһ֮أͻΪΪǳĵӣҪʦ߳һػ߻ħ
֣ͬĽ벻ܴţΪͻƲƽһΪؼʱţôΪˣħ˼Ԫ
ӹв˱ΪΪͻڣȴֱҵ֪ϢҳûϮе˳ͻƳأһɱңеɶˡ
ڣҪһ˼ĵط񶼲ҪˣҪǣʱҵΪ֮µ΢˾
ĺɫĺϣɽ棬Ҳ˼ɭɭĸоڲɽŻ£Ҳ˲ôˣȥϵϢչṦɽȥˡ
ʱֹȥ죬ģԽߣԽһ͸ĸо
طŶ֣֮˽棬̣Ҳܵʴ
ΪѰ֮ûͣ£ʱȻֲõԤУˣѾ޾ˣֻǲ֪һΣԷжˣж׼ʥĸ֡
ʱɫԽԽѿ亹ΣﴦҲʹޱȣټǰˣһط˹ȥǵΪͻǻܼصķɡ
¡¡
ʱһ𣬽Ŷԭһ±øӻްˡ
ȥһã˿ȫסϢȻҲ׷ٵˡ
˼ˣԥһǰȥˣҹ֮ʱȻδЪһ绮ҹգ·ݷѾõޣҪ˺Ѵء
ԽԽˣɽһƬֻе绮Ƴ֮ʱܿɽ棬ϥ˹
ǲô̶̼ʱͻΪ췽ҹ̷Դ˿̣Ϊͻƣ취Ƚҵѹȥ
¡¡
ԽԽҲҪ˺Ѳ񷣬ľεҡҰڣڴʱȴһɱڵɽ߶
ɱЩ˱ʹһɼصɱ߰˸ˣԴź££ڵɽѾԽԽˡ
ǰɽȥ߿
չɽ棬Сȥϵɽ˽
ˣ桭
ݣݣݣ

ҽڻö룬еʣӣҲɽöɱˡ
¡¡
գ֮䣬ɽѾ߾ʬ壬ЩȻɳ̽ӡ
֪˵ز˾׷ֶȷʵղǿѹȥڱ˻û׷뿪

֮Ѿ뿪ɽʱɫȴãֻǰûܱܿ΢˾ʶöԷ׷ˣҺе溸ĻѪ룬Գɹӳ
˿ֻ̣ɫԽԽףͷϵ亹ҲԽԽ࣬Ϊͻڼһ徻طͻΪһδѹȥձȻᵼȫ
ˡ
̧ƣֻ󴦣һ·ټǿѹֻ²롣
Ϊʲôÿһ˶ܹҵ
һ̣ڿʼȥֻ֮ϣһɲǣƺ뵽˶Բߡ
澳ط̫棬ȥϡķ֮أô΢˾׷ؽۿۡ
˼ˣҲԶգܸϵ֮ءʶ׺ĵط


1179 ֮
һȥѰҡǹȡȥһΪһ·ִһųʶ׺
ʱգѾȥһˣ׺֮һηȻǡ
֮˵󲻴˵ССٴν룬֪Ƿ񻹻׺
ǰƽƺҪˣ࣬´֮ǹŹ֣ԵСҲҡû
˼֮ʣִ֮һҽʹü΢΢һšԥ˫һ̤չṦǱȥˡ

պһƫԶСϣչĵĹ㳡漷ˣ֮Уȴ֮ϴӹ㳡ʯ̨ϴ
ֻʯ̨ѪһƬ߸󺺹زģѪֻ䶼˸ȥˣѪܵʯ̨ϣȥΪֲ
ʯ̨Χ֮ϣ߸󺺹ʯ̨ϣɸͣϿͷС֪ˣӽضƣʹǰǣ
ԭˣȴǸġƷɷǰЩ껹ʵȻգҲҸٸԡ
ǰ˲֪ѧһšƾһٳһ˸šȥѰֺ
ˣ㿪ʼ޼ɵ񣬼°޶ٸûа취ʿһգȴҲ
ʱһãܱ˺£ļҪлƻŮɲòСŮҲ١
ֱգһǡ·˵أգȴҼһŽգһʱ棬ҵ򳤣ʳԵɡ
굱ʱ꣬һأ컯֮£ΪɷϷд
ŻƷɷҪϣڹ㳡ϵʯ̨ȺǾһĻ
СĽ󣬱ضһƣҲˡ
߸󺺲ͣͷģʯ̨棬ֻһվ꿴ȥʮ߰꣬ü棬ǳȴǿݷǷһѩױӢˬǱˣȴ׺
׺ǰ߸ˣ˵书ѱԼϣˣȥ䣬ǳͽ䣬˵飬˽ռȻĻڹǱһɡ
ˣӽ鷸ƣʱұضе
һŴԣʯ̨ϵ˶ʱ⣬ͣͷллӽҵȱضĶơ
ΧİһҪŹ߸ˣǶһ׷׺ȥ򲻿ɰν񾡣ǽշŻɽֻ¡
ԶѾ˻ѣ߸ˣʯ̨ϵˣŵûҲֹϿͷġ
򲻿ɷŹ˰ҹŮ°ȥջԾˡ
޶캦֮˵Ӧǡ
һʱ䣬ֹ߲׺̾ΪϵİգҲ֮أ˵һۣ
ǣǡ
ʰ˵ϵĶ䣬æŻķˣԹϣȻ˽ҲΪ˶ˣɴǰ£ѵô
׺˿ȥ˵书ʧӽ޷ΪˣҲõˡ

ֻûɱˣȺ˲ҡͷ̾Ϣһɲǣ׺ȻܵһϤϢһϢǡ磡
ǹȣ׺ǹ֮飬ڼҹ̸ķʶʶѷǵɱȡ
ղһɲǣȷɣһǳ⸽
ȥġ
˺֮Уֻ׺չһ̣һ±ȥˡ
ʯԣֵ£ͷ㣬ֻ棬վһӰһɫۣȴԲ԰׵ӣǱˣ
磡
׺ôҲû뵽һΪӴ˱ɷ֮û뵽գȻ
׺ԭڴˡ
磬ôˣ㡭ԣ磬ɫôôѿ
ȣȿȡ˵ز˵
ЩǿѹסΪ澭ȻԽԽֹۣȥձض١
Ƭ̺Զӣ׺ɫɷףۣһ±뵽׷ɱΪôߣܹ׷ɱ
磬˭
ȣȿȡ
ɫ԰ףҡҡ֣ʾҪ׷ʣ׺ҲӦ˹֮Ǿȥһ֮ˣ˵ҼҲԶ磬ǡ
С
ҡҡͷȻǵģ΢˾׷ɱˣƱػ׺һңʵб𴦣ɽˮ㣬֮ء
ɽˮ㣬֮ء
׺ѷյ׺Ȼףʱ˵ɽˮ֮أضָɽ֮أ˵֪Ӵ˴һǧé®Ҵǰʱ
ãߡ
΢΢ͷָһҪɽ׺ȴ磬ˣ
˵գָֻӡһѷɽϣɽʱŴڵ
ˡ

׺˵ͷϷɽһϣɽʱЩҡҡλΣ׹䡣
磬ץҡ
׺һַֻһֻŽɽǰȥƬ̼䣬ʧƲ
һʵոϣˡ
ԣ׺㽫ղŻƷɷһ˵ˣüͷ˷ߣ磬˵ǶԣǴ
룬ǱʹȻֺԴ㽫ɱˣ˿ȻңǶԣǴңȻ˻ش㡣
⡭
׺һʱƬЩ˼˵˾˼˳죬ȴǿߵһȥ

ĺɫʱ׺һĹо滨ҩʤһ֮ϣһé®׺ҩ®
磬ǵˣ硭磡
䵽ʱ׺ŷ֣亹ȻʹȥΪˣȴ֪ڵ˸Ϊء
磬ס
£׺ֻýУ˹һҹֲҶֱڶ峿ʱת
磡ˣ
׺æһˮܿ˿ıȻ˴ɽˮȴǼΪһЩ֮صΪ
׺ȥЩҩ
ã磬˵Ҽš
£㽫Ҫҩһһ˵˳ǿѹΪԷ⾭ȻʮصķɣֻҩҺѧһҽһΣֻºѿ


1180 
ȥʱ䣬㽫ȥҪҩģҲʲôʮѰĵرⷲһңҲܹҵ
׺ϰ֮һȥһصҲǰյҩҲܺãҩ֮оЩ⣬Խ񳿣׺ȥҩˡ
˿éСԺϼżҩҩĹȥҩƺЩŨͷˡ
ڷ棬ֻϥĿ˫ַڵ֮ؿڴ⸡֣󣬲аð𣬶ͷҲһ亹
ԣô¡
˫üԽԽһֻеﴦƣҶĲݡϾľûɻ֮ô¡
ķԣС״ҩ⡭
뵽ǰǶʱգԼǿѹΪԷ⾭ͻңķٳ⣬ȷʵпִܳʱ
뵽˴ٺҲɣ̵Ϣתķһľڶرľغ졢ر
һʱ䣬ҩˣȻ˫ۣ봰Ʈҩ㣬ԽǸеĿЩƣתķҲԽɷָ֮оڲȫɢ
ô¡
һ̣ȻѾתЩˣʱȻнŲ𣬽Ų֮ԽԽ
׺
ʱɫһŲԡ
һ˲䣬ƸܵΣտȡ٣棬֪λˡ
ɽƣˮ˹Ũͦҵط
һ䲻ȵУϣȴûʲô仯㵽ʲôһֻ΢˾Σҵġ
ֻԺ棬첻һµӣӽüĿ˫ָģȴЩǱˣ΢˾
΢˾ҪЩҩģڷ֮бǼѰһķˣõ
Ŷ΢˾ǹ۲΢
ޱ仯˵ʱȴָ˷ϣԺ΢˾ȻһĲҶͬͬǣĲں£Ҷʢġҩģۻζҩԣѷֱó
΢˾һ˵ţһѾéԽԽˣ΢һѾʲô΢˾ߵ֮׵λãľֻΪ
΢˾˵ҩöҩôǶҩҪģӦԵĲݣк֮ǰգȥ˸ϵҩ̣ĲݵģҶ任Ҷ
ԭˣ΢˾
é棬һЦֲôоЩԣֻ̫׺ˣ׺ҩŪΪķ˴뵽΢˾ͬһҲͨҩ
΢˾ҶʢģˣģԼƵĶҩоΣ
棬ֻеﴦƣζܣƽʱ򣬾ôҩģҲûʲô󰭣ֻԾʹ֮ܵ
ȴһˣʹΪͻƵĹؼʱڣȲ˵ǿѹԷ⾭ȴɣھҩҲôˣҩΪҩһ˹ͻᵼ·ɹġ
ʱִ˵ʱģڼǿ˹һΪͶڴˣϣȻҲһԴ
ֻ΢˾һߵ˵ţһé߽ˣ˻Σʱеֻеʹ̣ƻƣ̣ڷϵ֣Ҳ΢΢
λҪֻһˣʱգѵԸô
ô
洫һЦţһӿ˳һ˲䣬΢˾ΣգһԾһֻéͬԺӶ֮ˣһʵĽһ㣬͵س΢˾ɨȥ
ܴʱڲ̫֮ȻС΢˾ȫԪֵ䡱һҲ˰ɾ롣
һŵĻᣬ˲չṦϷȥ΢˾ָһݡһһָȥ
һָƽƽǵУȻȫʢʱҲСӦοڣ
ʱʶȻָܵɲһ˲չƿʮɾ룬䡱һһƽƽָǰɽͷˡ
ɽʯһ³赲ǰ·ʱ΢˾Ҳһ˲һ̧ȫ֣һƱ㳯˹
һƾأƼӿΣ֮£ֻǿԪɸոתһ˲䣬ﴦʱһɾʹȫѨҪѿһ㡣
飡
һ죬ֻɹ΢˾һõ˳ȥѪڶ
΢˾ȻʱϷ磬ȴòСĽѾ˷ɣǿ˹һȥɣΪͻƣʱʤܣδ֪
˿̣ȫʹޱȣÿһ缡ҪһѵգҪ
һ˲䣬ϣٲԥǿ˹˲Ǭʩչ˳һɲǣʧʡ
΢˾ʧʣ΢ΪʶȻݳǧ֮⣬ӵõ
һ˲䣬ݳǧ䵽ϣһѪӿ˳ֻϵƤѾʼֻһ·˫ۣҲѪ˿
ҵ飬ϢδȣֻܼǰȥȻûãֻʷӿһɫӰƲ˳ţһӡ
˷ɣʹԪƷ˲һӡ¡һ΢˾һײøɽѡ
ۣ
һѪӿǿ˹֮£٣ɴʱڴΣȫ϶Ҳ
˾׷磬ĺɫʱѲ֪δ˴ɽվͻֵǣɽ֮£·һΪǿ֮ⷲأǿ
΢˾˲ǣһ̧پԪ˲һӡץȥ
֮ʣҲ˲ôˣ˫ֲϽӡдʣһɲǣֻȫƻһ㣬һ˲䣬Ԫľʩչ˳
䣡
һĳһƲ΢˾һӡɢˣǽ䱾òʮɾ롣
΢˾վ֮²΢΢һֻ˿̣ȫ٣˫֮Уȼ˻棬΢˾䲻֪ʲôضǽ֮˷֮£ٶýĪǲҪˣ
¡¡
ʱµɽȻһ쳣Ҳӿ΢˾ɫٴһ䣬ô£
£Ҳ˲ô˴䣬֪ٽ£˼ˣٲԥԪˣһ˲䳯ȥ
һ˲䣬ȫѪҺҲǷһĳ䡱һ˵ڿУ⸽ɽҡֹ
㡭
΢˾һһ˲䣬еЩ㲻Ҫˣ
գҲҪ΢˾ᡭ
ȻЩ£һ̣ȫٹ˼ʲôɲɵˣһ˲佫תˣתˣͬʱת๦ԼоĹ
ǰҳԵģһ̣ȫȻˣһɲǣھ٣ǹȴһǿʮֹ
ˡ
΢˾вȻȴѾˣһ˲䣬һһ֮ǳĻɽһƲɵ
¡
һ죬΢˾Ȼһ˲߳ɹϮһɲǣԪҲǲѣѿǰ㲻һֱӱ˳ȥ⸽ɽ壬ײ÷飬һѪͬһȫϣ


1181 źӴ

һ˲䣬ֻȫһȼ򲻼һкķɣʴʶʶʼģʱԺֻһ뷨ɱ΢˾
㣡ȥ
ֻ˫Ѫ죬һ˲΢˾ȥһ̧ŭƣΧɽ壬Ҳһ÷顣
˿ֲ֮΢˾һǵʧˣ鼱֮£ֻȫԪ£ʱһ
Ȼֲ֮£һʼɢÿɢһ΢˾۶ڱ֮УһѪȻѪֹȻѣ
ٿʶģһƴ˹Ҳ΢˾һ۶ڱУѪȫȻһͬھƣ
¡¡
ʱ·ɽֿʼͬʱһɼǿ͵طӿ
ˡ
΢˾ɫ䣬һͣ£ȻҶ
ȻʱڷɹģʶѲѣʹһƴȥ
¡
һ죬±мɽͷ飬Ҳһ˲䣬±ߵʧһɿֱ˷ӿ
䣡
˽Աɿֲ˳ȥ΢˾һѪӿҪתղűشʱתˡ
գ֮䣬ǿֲַӿ䡱һһ½˳ȥ
֮ܵ˴ʱشھǿֻСۣѾѺۣܳŵöã붼Ҫˡ

΢˾һȣǿԪȻ˵ʱشȫʢʱڣֿܹͻ֮
¡
һ죬ֱֻӱ˳ȥԶһɽͷҲײ÷飬ڣ֮£ʶҲģˣҲѾ޷ݳȥ
¡¡
ɽѣŭܣ˾ĴײʶȫޣǷѰ֮˿ɱȣֻ¶˵Ѿҷˡ
֪˶ã𵴲ֹͣǧɽ֮£һǰո꣬˿̽ˮļ˻ֱϰɸߣʯһͬ׹⽭ˮ֮Уʧȥκʶ
Žһ·Ư֧ƯУ֪Ѿȥա
죬ʼûκʶ棬ȴڷһϵе΢仯
֮ǰյһƺһ㽫޸ֻյ޸ˡ
ⷽԲǷ֮أԴӶ࣬źӴλڴΣкӴʹŴٶ˿ڣźӴ塣
ʱֵ³ģȣչֻӱŮŽѾڲժߵȲˡ
ŮһŵСȹһģŴѡ
µŮӣȥ귽ʮˣָͤͤϸ̣ժȲ˵ĶԼˣͷ۵ĶǷ·ʱ磬͸ˬ
ǴŵСȹŮȥС࣬Լֻʮ꣬ŮӵԼϸһЩСŮеĻƤ
㣬˵¸Ҫ޸ڴԴ󻢣ǲѽ
ȹŮһ߲ȲˣһʵѰŮӣŮżȢ֮£࣬߷ɬﻹΣŮӣȴȫȻδһ㣬ǸժŰߵȲˡ
㣬ô˵ѽȹŮԼ̧ͷգһ˫ˮĴۣʵ
ʱŮӲվֱһȲˣһ˵Դ󻢿ǳĶԣаŮʮ˴˭˲֪ҵ޵ıˣôҼ޸Щ㵽Ǵģ
ҲǣЩˡȹŮҧָ̧ͷգ˵ġ
ԣŮҡͷһЦСĻҲ棬˰ˣߵĿժˣޱȥοûС
ŶŶ
ȹŮ죬һȥһСԴ󻢣˵иԶ٣һֱ⣬ֻҪ鷳
ŮûֵͷժɰߵȲˣһ̣üϣһƳ
˺ð죬ŮŮ̧ͷǱȥޱϱ𣿡
㣬ߺöˮѽ
ޱôˣ

βϴŮľŮæȥޱôˣ
ˡˣ㣬иˡ
ֻŮ״˻ŮһˣɫҲһ䣬һߣʮ˴壬񲻶ꣿ
Ǻܿ죬ȥȹŮŵһͷУסָεķ򣬲ΡΡͣЩˮ桭
ޱ£ȥ
ҪҪ㲻ҪȥϿˡ
¡
Ůḧ˸ͷ漴ȥһˮݴһ泯ƮˮǱˮݲסˣûƯȥ
㣬㣬㿴𡭡ͣŵǱߡԶߣȹŮ˫۾ΡΡغ
ŮϢСˮݴ˹ȥⰶˮǳֻû֮䣬ˮݴԣϵˮݲһ£סˡ
ԭΪͷ׷λˮеߣȴû뵽˿ݲһˣϺֱۼ𪣬δϣҲδͣȻû
ޱûһǿϰ
ңҡأޱ¡
£úúõģֻˮιȥˣǽϰȻٹƬ̿ɾˡ
⣬𣿺ãǣǲޱˡ
ˮ֮ˣȻˣ˷˺ôŽȥݵʱȹŮҲôˣС㣬ˣҪˣ᲻ˮѽ
Ϲ˵ûء
ŮӿһֻۣعͷϼѨ˰ü֣ûˮޱشҵ
ãá
ȹŮûô࣬תӷȥŮӻعͷĿϣ˫üҲɻ󣬴Ų⸽ˣôƯˡ
һԶ֮ԽԽŮȥֻޱ󣬾вٴˣüͷһѾͷȥҵô
ݼݼʲôˣģ
ֻһдʿææ˹ģƺЩż
ǡ
ŮߵָָʱʮҲ˹ȴҿڲԶСţСߡϺӴ塱ᵽ
Ůü˵ҹ΢ˣˮ㿴
ȲҪȥ
һ½סˣĿϣԵʮСģŮֵδϪˮкˮѾãк࣬˽棬ҪȻȰؼаɡ
⣬ɲаʹá
߶ʮ񣬶Ż߿˹һŹȵİ׷˵ϸ£ϺӴǱ߸һߣüӶ꣬һ£Ѿ˺öˣһҲߣǿɾ͡˵˰


1182 
ġ
Ůæҡֽ͵ĿֻˣȾؼ֮󣬶ҡ
ѻ˵꣬ʮ棬˵һ˵ûȾǺˣǴˣôóȻش²Ǽ鰡
Ⱥϣ֮һ·Խһİ˴С
˫ü壬ȻһʱƬҲò⣬Ůü㲻ǳ˵ҽģҽ֮ˣһڣѵҪ𣿡
ʱһ˳˵֪ƣˡᣬȴͷһ֮ţҪóȻУһɡôˣ
ȹŮվȺԱߣԴҲ֪ʱ˵öԣǴ˵öԡ

Ůü΢һǰĸף˵ҪȻȰȥɣӻһξ룬Ϳˡ
⡭
˫ü壬תȥʮ˹֣СŮλ鷳ˡ˴ǰλŹȵĳ߿ȥ峤ΪΣ

ǰŹȵĳ΢΢ף˵һڣҲܲܽʬҰһʬ帯ã˵ߣͰ﷽˵İɣ
ôôˣ
ʱһƤڵȺ˽꿴ȥʮӣŮӳȥãһæ˱ɽϵȥ
˹ϵһۣЦ㣡Ǹŵãⲻһ𣿡˴ŹȵĳߴսȥƤЦүӣǰߣ˻أ
С
ùƨȥٺһЦƨɶ㿪ˣŮһۣСƶˣ챳ˡ
߷
һЦȥɱİ˳֮ȻҲƵȥ
ܵñ˭졭
ǿɲǣǰӻȥɽϴҰأҰûţԼˤ̶
ˣ֪Ǻ
ȺɢȥڹźӴһɽϣҶƸݣ㱻شңʱɽˣҲЪЪš

㿴ʲô𣿡
ʱɽ棬ֻлԲѵݼݼŮˣŮӣݼݼСǴĴӽҽʮ꣬ʮַḻ
ʱҲ˫ü˺һż̧̾ͷԱߵŮݼݼ˿¡һ֮˰
ǡݼݼҲһüȥСʵеþ𣿡
ӽۺ룬˵أȴκ˿ڣˣ֮ˣһһĸ֡
ʿ
ݼݼһ£ؿŻԲѵֲõһ۾ͼʮֲԭĲͨˡ

ӽ̾˵֮£ǽ֮˹ܲãվҲ֪Ǹǻ
ݼݼҲ׸״ʱеǣźӴԶ뽭Ϊһˣԭеƽȴǡ峤˵ˣЩ£˵á
˰ˡ
ӽҡҡ֣˵濴£ھ𣬹տܷתɣǺòˣҲ컯Թˡ

ݼݼ˫ü΢˵ͷʱ򣬱Ӽȡ̺ӱ죬ú÷棬
ʱ䣬棬ݼݼÿ춼ҩüΣȴȻ
ʱǰһ۲죬Ҳʱת˹㣬㡭
ˣ
ݼݼϲһ˫»γ۾ʱһʱ֮䣬Щסˣ侹˺ÿˡ
ã⣬
ҪȴȫӲǶˣݼݼŻعæסƺأҪҶһ˵ţһ˻ȥ
һ̣ҲЩ㯣ʵôǡ
ݼݼ־Щ̫˵ǹźӴ⣬ˣ˳źƯ㻹ǵãǰʲô𣿡
ˣԡ
Щ㯣ݼݼһʲôҲ벻ʵ㻹ǵãʲô𣿡
ǡ
ͬ㯣ҡҡͷãؿǰˣҲ֪


1183 
ûûϵԺģҪǣָ塣
ݼݼ£˵أǼ価ʧˣһʵǵãʲô𣿼ס
ҡ㯣ãջҡҡͷ
ݼݼȻʲôҲ벻һЦûϵ㿴ơ
ֹ죬ݼݼҽ£ƣָˣѾܹ·
źӴĴҲ֪Ѿˣݼݼˣ˵Ҳû˵塣
⼸ҲֻݼݼŮˣСԼȹŮޱһ׳ţ˻ҿʱЩԵ
һգѾֻ࣬ǹڴǰһУһҲ벻ʱݼݼ˷ڴ峤û˵壬ݼݼҲܴ塣
չʳУݼݼ˹֣Щ죬лչˡ
һתݼݼȻҲˣһЦͺ
ǣ

ʣݼݼҲã˵Ҳ֪֣ԼҲǵˣ֮ҪȻұɡ
졭
룬˵ͷá
ݼݼͷһЦƺȴѾ˸˵Ѱ֮ˡ
ֹʱ䣬磬ȴݼݼңɽµĴԼԼ˳
ȥɽ棬ǱֻߴڣӰӰ´¾ۼ˲ˣֻǾ̫ԶЩУǴʲô顣
һʼû⣬Խ󣬶ھۼӰԽ࣬ƺЩԾˣɽȥ￴ʲô¡
ֻȮϣˣۼ˶Ǳȥ
˿ڶ壬ֻ׳ŴڣΪ׵һˣﻹšŸ꣬ȴǹźӴС
Դ󻢣㾿Σ˷ˣ
ʱв˶ȣмѼĳͷⵣҲ˳ǿ׳ӣҲֻӣһ˸ǰ
С͵ҼҶȻҪȥˡ
˿ץסС׳˶ӣʮ˴壬ĶԴ󻢣Լѧ˼գϵ⸽ĵЩǮƣи˸سŵԺаԵˣʮ˴Ҳû˸ȥ
ƨҲû͵ҶСﲻС壬ÿԴȻֵ֣
߲񣬻Ʊ磡
ԴóһöСøˣңǿаƶģ
ߣԴЦһ˹٣ȴʮ壬֪ˣ㵽ʱвϡ
һԣﲻ˶һԴ⻰ɲŻ˵ģеóǱ˸ﵱǰ׵Ҳ˵ɺڵİ
Դ󻢣㹻ˣСﲻ͵Ҷ
ʱﴫһŮӵȣֻݼݼ˳һΧŵ˶̰
ãڳˡ
ԴааһЦԵӣһݼݼϣҲƿˮҪһ
ǿʲô
Դ󻢳һ󷽲תͷֶݼݼϣЦС͵ҼҶã˵Ҫôɡ
û͵㣡ң
Сұ죡
ԴһƴСϣ˾һָԴ󻢣㡭ִˣ
ԴЦС͵ҼҶұǴΣ
û͵ſң
СȻݼݼ˫ü俴Դ󻢣Դ󻢣㾿
ô
ԴЦһĿ´ţҲƿˮҪһЦٺٵԸ޸ңǸ͵ʲôҲûȻĻھȥ١
һԣ˽һȻԴ󻢻ĲȻŮصãݣҪȥʹٵĻǺڵİ׵˭˵壬ֻСٲһٰӣ滹ٳԸη
㡭޳֮
ݼݼ޵ҧгݣʱȴ޿κΣԴЦãΣҪͬµĻͻȥƸףԴ󻢣ضǷȢš
㡭룡
ݼݼһһףҲԴЦһĪҪָˡ
ʱȺȻһӵʲôˣ
ɽйȪһ㣬峺ţˬһ˾һ׷תȥֻһ°׷֮ˣ֪ʱѾߡ
Ȼϵóݼݼںӱ߾ȵǸ׷ˣôˣ
ݼݼͻȻˣҲһôˡ
ǰ˵ղȮͲֹΪ壬Թʲôˡ
Сӣ˵˭أվԴԵһŭȵ
ȥͷ
㣡
һʱ˵Դһֹ̧ס˵ȥĿϣˣݼݼȵˣ֮òһǸ޸֮СøòϲëС˰ɣ
뵽˴Դ󻢲֪𣬳ȵͷģĸУٲүǰү˷ȣ
¶Դ󻢣ڴǸŭԣȥ˵ȣڷߵڰףҪʹ٣Ͽɻˡ

ԴͷһЦָʮ˴壬ҲȥСүĸһԣ
һȣʱŵòȥӵı£һȭܴһͷţǿɲġ
Դ󻢣Ǹڹˣ㲻Լмأȥس棬ƨǣ㻹ޣ
СﱻšڰУһųԴϵȥԴ󻢽ͷһƫŭͷСӣ˵գһƳȥ
С
ݼݼʹ˽һԴһʯͷСͷʯͷӲ
˾֮ʣֻһɾӹ˲ȥָһѸײڶ֮ƵԴҼ档
顱һԴ󻢵ʱһ飬Ҳһʧ˾ɿС˲ȥ
סӰСüʵôû°ɣ
ûû¡磬ģ
СһֻԴĸ£ʳһ㣬͵سԴ󻢸־ŭĿ¶׹⣬ݺݵ򣡡
ȥ档
ֽСȥ漴һ̤ǰֿ磬һƴһ׳ϣһ½˳ȥ


1184 
Աһ׳͵سΪȭͬ磬顱һȭҲ˳ȥ
ʣͬʱһȭŴһ漴˫͵˾ȭΪƣ顱Ƕ˸ʱ˴˳ȥ
ǰǰֻڶ̶Ƭ̼ѣߵĴ񶼾ˣݼݼҲԭأȻ˵ˡ
㣬㡭
Դɫ԰ףû뵽˿ţ־ĸ£˿ȫ˵ϣʣһˣﻹҳȥҴ
סͷģãġ㣬֣ӻͷ˰ŪͲԣ
Դ־ŭ˵һۣŭûĻͶߣ
˻ԶˣСֵЦԴ󻢣ҿӦýСҴ򻢡࣡ޣ
ֱԴܵûӰڴʱԴаŮаԵˣûĸȥͷһؼǱܵﶼЩ˵ʹ죬ȴЩ֮ǡ
ٺ١
˵ģСĪˣֻһЦ¶Ž׵ݣЦ磬ԭ书ô̽£ԺҪԴ

˵꣬ͻȻһƺߣҲһ±Ϊ԰ףݼݼһţǽŵʵô
ҡû¡
亹Σ̧ƣΪʲôԼЩʽԼʲôˡ
ݼݼ
ʱȺݼݼתȥü˻ûãոոԴЩ˶֣ǣƣǿ콫ȥ
ӽ˿תڴʱϴ峤ŹȴԶ˹˵ϵ˵󲻵ãЩԺ˰ɡ
Ƭ̺ҵԺӣԺˮǳζرߴҡɹҩһũᣬԺӣʮֱˡ
ӽϰҽҽʮ˴˿ʱҲȥس˿ˣʶҾǳԣֻʮǰɥżδңЩʮ˴Ҳвýǰ˵ýһһˡ
ݼݼȥԺӵĴˣʱڴ峤ԺۼŲˣҲڱۣǷҪڴ
һ˵ղŴҲƼˣ찡ҿ书˵ã¾ͰԴǼԸˣޱ˵ʧˣҪȻڴɡ
һ˽ŵҲͬڣԴҲͷˣһ˵Ǳַ˻Ѿȥ˺ü壬ڵĻҲԱ
ҿУոҲƷж֮ˣʲôаˡ
ϴ峤°룬ͷǱˡ

ʱˣԺݼݼˮ裺ȥšһ˵ţһȥˡ
ԺӣŴ򿪣Ǵ峤Źˣݼݼæ˵峤ȻὫȶˣұ㡭
˵꣬ϴ峤ҡֹסˣݼݼһ뵽ʲôæԺ峤㡭
Ժϴ峤еղŴ飬ڴУȰϵ˵
ԣݼݼһϲ̺ӱסˣվӲҹó滹࣬ڻָƴΪڱˣԺӺ滹һСݣʰס
˴ʱ棬Դ󻢼˲δԶݺݵضŹźӴߣһӵ磬ѵôˣ
ˣ
ԴĿһ䣬һɲǣ֮оɱһѰҰɱ
ҲСӾʲô˰ŪӾͲԡйźӴȺȢãӽǱаӹˡ
ԴԽ׺ݣֵȥҸĴ˭书ߵģҳǮɱСӣ

ʱȥһ£ת۵ģҲһ£ݼݼϸ£ƣѾȬˣֻǹڴǰ飬벻κһ㡣
Դһˣƽ䲻ˣҹﾹ˻ȥׯڣһȥׯڶûˣһճɣǺã
Ϊ˴ǿ಻ԣ뵽ҹ￲ߣԴȺɷ棬ִ򲻹Էׯھܣһ취ҲûС
һ磬СＱææܵԺ˵ԴȺˣҪƻׯڣ꣬Ҳüȥߡ
ݼݼ˫ü΢΢һǣϵˡ
޷Ѿõòˣõġ
һɴӣȥ￲ţҹʱ֣壬ԴȺˣȻˡ
һΣȴ֪ߵ˭Ҫ֮ʱȻԲݴ˳ȥһ߷
ʣ¼ƲԣҪһȥšסһ˸첲ɴƿȻԴ󻢵ˡ
ʱǱߺȻ˸ȴһȺŻѳ˳ЩųͷⵣŵüĴҴܣȴΧ
㡭ʲô
Ǽ˽Դ󻢵£Դ󻢲УһߺȵЩ쵰ЩׯڱǱ̣ˣ
ƨ
Ǽ˷ֻ·ѣǡҪѪˣ˭˭Ҷһ£ȥ٣
ðǾȥ١
䵭Ǽ˼ŵûһ㣬Ҫʲôңҿɸ㣬ҪҶֵĻңҡ
ֻǾǣӽٸƻׯڣҾšǵĸ첲
һɲǣǼ˿ʱ񣬵ʱŵòҺˣϣ˿µʲôˡ

һȣǼ˻һһ̣·ӹŹ˳һŻԶȥˡ
ЩԶȥתڴЩӦǲˣԴ󻢣˴ҡ
⣬⡭죬ôܹأ
һһ̾ҡͷԴ󻢼ǵûǵʱϵҲû˸ɹ£˷ŻݣҲֻίЭ
˴̧ͷ˵ʱգҪˣڣָԴʲôӳء

ҹҲһɢԻ˴мʱԶһӰ£ȴм˹ǣǰļˣֻΣ˸Դ󻢡
磬ô죿Сӳ£Ǵִ򲻹
Сӡ
Դ󻢵ŹźӴķҪжףֱָ죺֪ĳСӣӵĺ飬ӿǻǸ꣬ˡ
ȿȡԱһС磬Ǹ꣬ûġ

Դ󻢵һۣ˲һûٶˣʱһ˵Դ磬ǰ˵䰲Ǳ˸ˣһ书˲ãܷء
䰲壿
ԴĿһʵȷ󣿡
˵ͷǧȷ˵Ҳһǰ֪ôͻȻ䰲ġ
ãõúܣ
ԴɭɭһЦٴźӴķȥĿһ±øˣСӣһΣʰˡ


1185 
󣬴ˣһ֮ҹҲƻׯڡ
ÿÿ֮ҪʼæµճϢӸŮ֯£ڴԺ飬ͯ԰׽ƣʵ޻ȴЩĺҵķȵġ
ҲǰЩԴһ£һĴأ＾иճɣ˴һ£ҲѸˣЩʱգҲ֣ˮţֻչ˭ҵС
һʼİϤҲ١ĳƺˣ족һһ
ڴýŶ˵ôһˣҪ˵ýȴùӲǸ족˳ȥ˵ʲôˮ
ǽһ磬ž;һ𣬲֪˵Щʲô
˵ⰢǴ壬ҲǴˣҲ˻Ȣ֮䡭
˵ˣȻģ˼κõģҪ˵Ҳ˼ĳʲô£
٣ͲҵˣҸ˵˰ǶǸʲôʲô飬ҪͶϣ˵һҪ޸أ㿴ŮҲʮˣҲݼݼУҵҸᡭ
õõãˣŮŮŲŲʲôᣬ˵ҼŮлᡭ
ŮŮʮء
ⲻٵȼٺٺ١

ʱӵһ壬㱻ýסˣ찢죬
ͣԼ֣ʵãʲô𣿡
Ӵ⺢ӣôˣô֣аﲻ͵𣬺ٺٺ١
ʲô𣿡
˿ЦݵմӵԺҸ㵹ˮȡ
⡭ȥϼҪܻˣСһڼңùȥء
㣡СӶţȥ˺أ
⣬ҪǸɣ
ѽ
ãôˣ
ˣ˿˻ֻһţ˵ˣҼҵţ֪ôˣһֱϳԲݣ⣬⣬ôһͷţһˣǿû˰
һЦԭˣ˵ˣõģȥ㿴
߷
úٺһЦڴʱԶȻһŮӵ죬ʲô

תȥȴݼݼ֪ʱˣҲһ£ƤЦⲻЦЦǸ㲻Ǹϼȥôôͻѽ
ݼݼ˹˿ãֿ˿ʵʲôѽ
Ц˵ҵţԲݣȥǲˡ
ţԲݣˣ
ݼݼһĪÿȥֻΣ˵ǣǸǣǸ
˺ˣȵݼݼ˵գһԺǱȥ
Ǹǣ졭
ԶӰһ½ţֵѼַˡĸо֪ߣ
صԺ棬ݼݼ죬һ˵ӣʵôˣûл𣿡
ߣ
ݼݼһȡһݸ·
ԭȥϡ
ӹİ̧ͷлл㣬
˭йߣ
ݼݼһţ죬ԹؿȴǿɰˣȫȻ֪ôˣʵôˡ
ûû¡
ݼݼҡҡ֣˵ݻϣɣĻ컹δڣһȥϸĸġ

˵ͷҪԺӺȥʱȴȻ뵽ʲô˵Уһȥ
˺ˣʱҴ̶СӣСԵÿɿء
ͷڨڨһЦܵ
ݼݼߵҲܵһ㣬Сڿ϶ֶô޴ˡ˺ˣȥɡ

˵ͷҪת֮ʱǱߣȻһСĶһļȮ
ô£
ת˻ݼݼŶǱߣľЩüʲôˡ
˵ȥ䣬Ǳȥ
ȵȣ
ݼݼɫһ䣬֪ΪΣһͨͨҪһȻһּΪõԤУ˲ô࣬ѷ£Ҳ׷ȥ

ڣֻԴ󻢴ż󺺣ŵŰش˴ųͷȴڲˣ˸ҳȥ
ʱԴ󻢾ٺаԵɴҲŵˣԴ󻢣Աߣһİӣɫһ£˫ָ󣬿ȥļˡ
ǶûмˣһͲˣҲ֪ԴǴôһˣ鷳ˡ
ԡԴ󻢣㣬
ƽǾͱԼ۸ˣԴ󻢣ϵԵҪײУʱ㴳ˣмܲµģ
Ǻǡ
ԴһЦһֵӵúŵôǲȥһնҪֱӰ룬˭ҳȥ
СԱһȵһ￲סӡ
ǱȵòҳҲæɫʾȥҰЩ׺ݣǶЩͨׯˣﶷù
ʱڿˣ˵һǰһ书֮ˣ²ţǰ̣ˡںδ
գȴһ½˺£ֻеȫ䲻ѡ
ЩˣҪˣҹȥ
Ȼһν˶ųͷԴһ˳ȥڴһţȥǰɱˡ
ţΪ˺ʵԴǻ۸ףոձȥԺ˳ͷʱԴ󻢼ͷţˣҲֵ̳䱸Ȼ䣬ȴ֪ͷţƴǱǲҪ
ۼţųͷ˹Դ󻢼ҲĸֵΨˣȴȻӶֱţʱֻһһ߳Яһɿ磬顱һ֮⣬ֱӽţѪ˳ȥ
ţ
ǽһǶѰ֮ˣ£˷ûţȴһ°Ѵţ˵ôء
ţ磡СޱҲȺ˹ѪĴţʱŵÿ
ߣԴ󻢵Ҳղһ¾סˣȻҲ䣬ҲֻȭϵĹˣղһ£ƳӰΣһ֮˰


1186 
ţţ
ֻţڵϣѪֹڴ񶼻ˣһ˶ŵòȥ
Ǹˣ䣬˪׹Ԩ
ʱԶһӰ˹˫ưڴţؿڣȶơ
磬ˣأ˴˴ţ硭СޱڵϿֹͷţû£ޡ
ڴˣһҲԷЩ죬ˡ
һ̧˿ȥĿЩ书ǿǿұΪ
һǰˡ
ҲͬĿĿţ˪ȻգҲһ͸ǰĺ䡣
ţ磡
ʱݼݼҲŵѪĴţɫ΢΢һ䣬Աһ󲮵󲮣̧ţȥҼԺӣƽɷǧҪҶҵ
ãá
£˼ˣ˵ĴţԺǱ̧ȥݼݼһǰ졭
һ̧˵ԶһЩҪʮ֮ڡ
졭
ݼݼһôǵһμԷصӣǸˣʲôˡ
£ֻĻ̽ɢˡ
ܿԭգȻܲƺҪˡ
쪣ôľᣬҲһ㺮ԴǼˣʱҲ˸˴˶һۣһȥ
˱˴˶ţȻʱȴ룺ǰˣΪЩϤ
ԭ˲Ǳˣȴ΢˾䣬֮׹ӣ΢˾Ҳͬһʧ˾󲿷Ϊͼ䡣
ˡ
΢˾䣬䣬Ȼһȭ˹һȭǴűɽʯ֮ΧľҲҡ
Ҵ⣬ƻػһȭһƣ⸽ССһʱƷȭӰϣԶۿһ̣Ҳס˺
졭
ۼʽԽݼݼһ棬˶ԽԽ죬ԽԽͣԶˣǿˡ
硭ӵ
ʱԴԱһӣȻиֵ˹ȥ΢˾һӣһ͵رһƲɵ
䣡
һ죬һ·һĥֱ룬ѿѺۣﲻֹ
ˣǱܿ΢˾һȴԸܵ𵴣ŲЩȡ
ոһ˶ס˺ʱֻ΢˾Ÿֵһͻ֣Ƶȥ̶Ƭ̣ƾʡ
һ̣Զ񲻸Һݼݼ۾Ҳգһ£Ƚ򶷣νһ糤һǿûеһ߸ֵ޴ζù
ο˵ĵԽԽͣһһ֮䣬޲ǳɱ
硭ӽ
ʱСﲻ֪˳ﻹһһ³Ͷȥ
Ѱ񣬼еСˣɽģ⽣⼣߰ߣһͶˣ񶼲εеùֵӹȥǲǸ
˵֮ʱȴУԭ⼣߲һ˲䣬ǺȻһ㣬һལֱ

죬̣ͦһͶϵһ̣΢˾ĸֵ˻ȥ
Զٴһǲʲôֻ֪ʹı˵á
磡ã
ˣСȲʣһ̣΢˾øӺˣᾢһն
һὣ񵲣һȴ;ðһ飬סȥ
죡
ݼݼһ˵Ĺ̫ˣÿһ඼Ҫһ㡣
Ϣվ֮һбָ棬Ϸ˽֮ڽ֮ɫâ²һĻ˶˳âǽâ
νâǿɲһϰܹ֮ģЩͨ˶ԣֻ˵˵Ŀâȴ
Դһ˿һ˽âһҲסˣɲһܹ֮쵽İ
ۡ
С￴²ɫâֻ۾ôģԭ磬˵ģľְ
ߣ΢˾һߣһٿȻ棬âԺâ

һںһͻ֣нǲأ֮ڶ֮ǻұš
¡¡
һƷӿֹڣׯ档
˳ǼޱȣϽһҲ޷ڶϣ֮ڣ㱻ΪһƬ

֮ǲڶҲб䣬˽ˮΪģܣԽԽŨʹ˿ˣֻһ󵶽ײϴ
졭ݼݼһֱԽǿΣԽǵġ
֪˶ãȻһﴫֻз˳
죡
ݼݼһ˸æǰʱлһӰҲŷ˳΢˾һͳն·ߵܲסɸ͵磬׷ױѣ촷ۡ
ģ
һݼݼͬʱһնҲ֪һһɳ䡱һ΢˾һסˡ
ԽԽƽСɽ壬ڲƽʱ˿̣ԶµЩˣס˺ǰһĻ
Զһ㡣ֽһͣĿȻŶ΢˾
졭
ݼݼЩʱƺȷʵһæҲﲻϣС˹Զȥ㣬һܴܻ˵ģȥǱߡ
ԽԽˣбָ棬ˮ˳⼣߲Ľ滬䣬Ȼ䣬סϷ֮ڽϵ㣬һҲ
һȻΪӿɢ˳ȥʹѾԶԶĴһɲǣҲǿҪϢһ
ֻ䣬㣬ȻĽ£˿УΧת
⣬⡭
Զ˶ˣԴ󻢵ڣҲδ֮󣬾һεܣһɲǣϣ֮
죬㾿ʲôˡ
һ̣ݼݼҲסˣֻͷ׷ýбָıӰôһͨķˡ


1187 ﲻ֪ǿ
Ʈ䣬ȴմϡ粻ֹһ˲䣬΢˾ȴһ

һ죬гͬһ̳ұţϷ졣
Զ˶ס˺ֻѱУһ̾ͬʱһؽضˣ󣬾ֻʣ˱ڶ
һף漴ƣһƣо֮һƳ΢˾ȥ΢˾Ҳͬ˲䣬һƴ˹
䣡
һײʱľϣҷ˳ȥϼݣҲˣ㣬һɲǻһƬʹԶһοˡ
죡
в˶ʱ˳ϴ峤ҲŹվ۲˼ţеһƬ
峤ȻȥԺ棬ܳӣϴ峤Ժȥ
ݼݼһվУؿһƬʣոһ£Χķݶˣ
죡
硭
졭
в˶ڳ溰ţȴֲҿȥһĶ˼㣬һǰʱʱԸһİ壬ڣȴǽһˣΣ
һߣԴǼҲסˣոһ£Χķݶˣ˵ȥ˭ţ
ϴ󡭡ô죿
ԴˣѾʼˣڣŸҴŵﴳˣǽտҲҪùˡ
ԡԴ磬ҪȻ߰ɣ
˵ɫҲЩɷˣԴ󻢴ʱԵ򶨣һƬʲôţ书£ҪˣСûҲˣǳûȥһͺˡ
⣬⡭һһѵҪôǰɱ
ôҪҵӣ¸ʲô
ԴĿһ䣬͸һɺɱһĵҲյøˡ
Ȼ¶ģȻˣ˳ȥҿڣһвӣ±Ҳû˸˵ȥ
ʱ˿̣˶źŵ棬ڣɢˣһĸɤֱۣӰһ֮ʱ˲˿
ԣԴ磬ǡ
ԴǼ¶Щţֻ΢˾վԭأǱŶƵƣҲ˴˶ţ˾Ȼûжһ£ζ˶Χ
⣬ôܡ
ԴҲû뵽ղôһ£Ӷˣ˴ʱȻһҲûУһˮֱ̫˼
ɫע֮£΢˾ڸɿ֣ˮҲһ׹
˽ŵҲɿˣֻ΢˾תڵķȥվԭأȥӰһ
졭
ʱݼݼĴ꣬ܿ콫ͷʪˣҲܿ콫ʪˡ
Ѫˮۣݼݼ˳ѪˮķȥȴұۣͣѪ
졭Ѫˣ
ݼݼæסҪֹѪȴҲֹסʱ˿̣Ȼ΢˾ȥıӰľͷһ㣬Ȳһ£Ҳ˵ȻģҲѪ˳
졭㣬˵졭
ŴʱЩ͵ݼݼҲˣԽԽҪˣûⳡһ
û¡
·ڻعˣ΢΢תͷȥȴÿ̧ͷ۽Լӣ֪ˮỨ
һߣԴ󻢿΢˾˪˻һҲֱС´硭
ߡ
΢˾һֻ̧һ֣ȥԴǱ߿һۣʱҪȥǲˣֻܸ΢˾˴ӡ
˴棬δͣԴ󻢿΢˾ոҿСӺѾˣ´磬ղΪβ
δ˵꣬ȴ΢˾ؿڣۡһѪӿ˳ɫһ±ò԰Ա߼˶ŵòҶˡ

£ţѾȶתɴȴ·𻹶֮£ٻķݣҲҪ޽
˿̣ڴ峤Ժв˾ۼ˶ЩͷɥһԴһˣ˭֪һֻʲôأ

ֻһ꺺ӳһ̾˵˵ףԴ󻢣޷ҲǿŮˣǶֶȥû취˰ҪȻҪȻɴһȥ˵˵޹ȥˣԼǮҲ

꺺Ӱѻ˵꣬һϵĳŭ㲻֪ԴǸʲôǻϵһڼ壬жٻƻỤ̊Īǲ֪ӣǸ컹ϵԾ
ǡǻզ찡
꺺Ӳҡͷ̾Ҫֻ֣ƫƫô绨һŮԵ˸ˣ
Ҫˡ
ʱ峤شվŹȣһ꣬ģЩ꣬ΣѲض˵ʮǰ֮ʣֻΨһĲҪǰ޸ǸԵĻҪȪ֮£Ҳð𣿡

ֻ꣬ǲסҡͷ̾峤ҡҡֵ˰ˣȲ˵ˣţͰˣΣ
ţãѾȶ±ûˣֻǰ졭ޱ˵ЩһֱԲѣ񵱳һɿȥƺûˣֻôҲѲ˵ĵġ
ô

ֱҹ֮ʱŴӴϾѹ͵һҡΣݼݼϣҲˣ죬㣬𡭡
亹ɫɷףݼݼ˹ȥôˣج㡭ǲʲôˣ
ɫɷףĿЩͣΪλʵξһ
μμӺܸߵһطˤȥöýָңܸߵɽ塭
û£ֻ˸ζѡ
ݼݼḧĺ󱳣οȴ룬գܵôɽ壬ʲôط
عΧ˿Լסķ䣬ҲѾˣʵô
ݼݼҪţˣֻҹˡ
ôأһ˺ܳʱ䡭
ʵҲҲûжãѡ
졭
̧ƣĵ·Լ˯ô濴Щʲô

ʱֹȥ£ת¼ģҲһ굱Уȵʱ
ʱ䣬ԴûˣٻķݣҲˣֹӡ
ֻԴϴιʱȴЩл㱣ÿÿҹǷֲ壬ΣΡ
μȫȻ׹ĶΣʱȴһ·壬ôңҲҲɽ·߻ʱ
˳֮ȥɾһƺһƬ֣б̲Եءˮ˭
ÿÿҪ֮ʱȴʱˣȻʧҲ벻˵ģ
죿졭𣿡
ʱȻݼݼͣſڣſȥôˣ


1188 
֨ѽһŴˣһ紵˽ԭѾˣֻݼݼվſڣﻹһʳС
Ҳ϶˯ȥˣҲԷ˳Եġ
л
ӹʳУʱȴû˼ԶҲΥĺ⣬±ýһЩ
ݼݼĶ棬˫֧ãһؿһſʵ죬ʱգʲô𣿡

ȻдһʣĿӣҡҡͷʲôҲ벻
ݼݼüЩ죬Ǿ㱣ʱҲ˯ˣֵĵġҪȻõ㿪ҩɣ
˵ʱȻŲǲޱС㣬磬ǿѽ
ݼݼ˳ȥôˣ
ֻǱ߻죬ޱЦῪʼ㣬磬ǿѽ

ݼݼһ죺Ҷˣʮ壬ᣬԤףиճɡ
ѽ
ޱСǶˣӴȥʱֻʢвˣСƣ裬衭
죬ѽ
ӳŻ⣬ݼݼЦϼãǴеЩΪصң衭
ûϵѽ
ݼݼһס֣мȥˣ֣ΧһȦ衣
һʼ裬ϤҲЩξϷǵ㣬ظ裬ө㣬ˡһ˼ʵ޻Ļ
ޣȥ׽ө濩
ʱͯһɢɴȥܵ￲ߣݴөҲϵķһ㡣
죬죬ҲȥݼݼЦ绨Ҳȥ
￲ө裬Ҳ˺ͯǵĻЦȻҲһЩŮӡ
ССɽЩԺ仭еģһֳʵ档
죬죬㿴׽˺öө桭
ݼݼ˫˹ϸϸ飬ߵķ˿Ҳմϣ˫֣Цһ㰡ȻǷˡ
á
սһЩݼݼ˫ַſȴûөɳһֻ׿ǳɵϡ
⣬ʲôÿ


죬ȥɽϿǰɡ
ð
ҹɫ΢ȥɽңûзݣûľڵһƬǿգС
ʯϣݼݼ̧ͷϷǵ㣬ϴ΢ЦСʱ׸˵ȥˣͻǣȻػߡ죬㿴ǿǣǲϿǰ
ü΢ʵףô
ݼݼȻ΢ЦһϵǿǣЦʧ˵׵һֱǺܺã֮󣬸սݣҰ꣬ˡ
̼ǵã죬˶ˣ׵ϣֻǲͣؿ޵ҾȵˣΪȴƫƫȲһˣҾҽٸߣʲôã˰ˡ
Ժ󣬵ͺЦˣÿÿ׼죬Ҳһ˴ڷ䣬ڶʱұ㿴ֺ׵۾
˵ţ룬ԭҲ˳һˡ
ݼݼתͷ䣬̫𣬶˵ҲǺܴݣǰãӶ漸巢ߣ˺öˡ
֮κΡ
֪𣿡
ʱݼݼüͷһ壬˵ߴȥʱȻʱ̧ۣ˷ҩƣеڱڼ䣬ǿаѱ˵èèˣèèͲᴫȾˡ
ҡҡͷ˻ƣ
ǰµǣºǲûһ˿֮飬Ӧ
ݼݼüҡͷ̾µĲߣЩһʴȫԣ˽ª񶾡ܻȥɱʴģɥʧԣҲزˣǻش֣ҲȲǡ
ҹ֪ʱóݼݼһصӣ˵ˣ磬ǲ˵Щߵˡ˴һЦ㿴𣿡
ֵʮ壬ϴڶϣһ㵭ɴ
˵ͷһݼݼֵ죬ǰˣǲǣҪ뿪˰
תͷȥɽ´ȴÿ¹֮£һ˫ˮƺһ㣬Լ
Ҳ֪
ֽͷת˻ȥɽµƻɺĴׯµķҲ·ľһһ㣬˱仯벻йشǰκ
ݼݼһؿֵ˶ʱ򣬻ѩʱɽװعҲǸʱǻһ𿴴ѩ׷𣿡
ѩ׷ôðҲ뿴һѩ׷ɡ
һҹĻĴׯݼݼЦŵ죬֪ѩʵһ֣δ뻨ľ֮ѩ
δ뻨
Ȼһʹһɲǣ߷һϤİ
סҵ֣ҽлδ롭
ܾúܾԺ󣬵ٿѩ׷ʱ㻹ǸδŮ𡭡
Ժǲķ׷ˣʱȥ˼Ļ䣬𡭡

˫ͷȻͷʹѣڵϲסݼݼŻˣţ죡죡ôˡ죡죡㲻Ҫң죬ôˡ

ڶ峿תˣݼݼһҹδۣʱˮ˹ȥ죬ˣ
ңҡôˣ
ͷΪһͷôʹȴһҲ벻ˡ
ңȻεˡ
Ȼε
Σ
ûˣ㵣ˡ

ʱҴңӰ޺ۣת¹ȥˣ٣Ҳһ˿ĩ⡣
źӴ壬ҲѾаˣʱգȴȻһҲ벻ǰ£Դûҹ鷳ˣҲ·ʧһ
ʱ졣
ôϵϢ𣿡
棬δüѾʧٰˣұеطһҲûС
𰶼ͷʱҹӰı£Ҫҵһ˲ѣһΣǼұеطҲӰӡ
һ̧ͷü˵΢˾ƺϣһͬʧٵģҲûκιϢ
ô£һΣΪ㶼޷Ӧˡ
δüԽԽʧٰ꣬һֱţ֪ˡ
¾ƹܣ첻֪ţԪɣţ澳ЩδԼĺ˻ġ
֪ʧٲˣֻ±ؽңʱһֱݳӣȶơ
ǣ֪֧ŶãһЩڰƺѾˡ


1189 뻢
źӴ壬ģϵҶ紵ĴƮؼ䣬Ҳһɳɪ֮⡣
쵽ʱȻһСӣƤڣźӴĴҲϵŶƽרȣŻͶɶ¶ܵر졣
ŶԷû컹ڸŰ
ٺ٣˼ͷȥţҪڲܻˣˣŮڼ𣿡
ջڼأǱ߾ˡ
߷лл
ŶҴԺ棬˿Żڼ𣿡
˭
ԺﴫݼݼһŴˣݼݼǰƤڵСӣ˫ü΢΢һŴ磿ʲô𣿡
ٺ٣
ŶɵЦһ£˵ڰ׺Ӵ˿⼸ҩģ㿴һ¡˵գȡһͰ͵ֽдҩơ
ݼݼ˿ȷʵǵּҩֻϵóŶɵЦЦǣһ
ȵȣ
ݼݼֽס˵ЩҩҺܱܿãŴ磬˳ӹȥ¡
⡭
ŶͷЦⲻøسȥأĻҹˣҪ
ǡðɣлˣŴ硣
û£ٺ٣ҡˣ
صԺݼݼҩıãҲˣʢʳź˼С֣ȴӦ
֣Сӣˣﵽˣȥˡ
֮£ֻԼˣ׺ӴźӴŶʮ·أߵÿ죬ҲҪһʱ
죬˷ڳ˵ĻԼһ°
ݼݼԺӺ棬סСﺰһɰûлӦ밢⼸ղ֪ģҪ˯𴲡ˣǿЩҩĺͷʳȥɡ
ģ׺ӴźӴŶʮأм仹ҪСϪɽ£ݼݼһɽҰ·ϣƽﵨٴ󣬴˿£Ҳеˡ
˭ں棿СٸϷŪ㣬Ĳ㣡
·һÿһ·Ͼñ˸ţһعͷȥȴֻ￲߷紵ɣҡΣκӰ
֡
ݼݼ˫ü΢عͷǰߣȻԽԶźӴ壬ԽǸеЩ£Ա׳
Լ·ǰһɽȻӰӰɲǱˣǴسջԴ󻢵ˡ
磬㿴
ʱ·ߵĲݴֻݼݼŸ裬ԽԽˣԴɭɭһЦ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡭡
ٺ١СƤһ˳磬һЦ
Ǻǡ
Դһӽ죬ͰҪˣȵʱ췹Ĳͬ⡭
ұߵӳһ˵ǡ
ûʲôǣҲܲˣӽҪСƤˣ
ԴааһЦȻӲݴվ˳ݼݼô߹󺺺Ȼ·߲ݴʱŵûһ飬ʳкҩЩ˳ȥ
Դ˺һȥһСĽ䱸üԴ󻢣Ķʲô
ʲôٺ١
ԴааһЦݼݼתӣԴһǰһĴ֣һѱ㽫ֱ۽ץסˡ

һвҲһ³ȥסȥ·ааЦˣҲûˣ磬ú¡
ǣǡ
ݼݼϾֲѣʳһ´ڵأһиճڣѱԴǿ˲ݴȥ
ʲôſң
аɽаɣƺ⸽ҲûˣģؼҳԷءٺ٣
ԴϸˣֻԱ˲ס̿ˮԴ˵һۣȵӣľͷƵʲôӰˣ
ǣǡ
Żع˲ˮæ߹һ˰סݼݼһֱֻۡ
Դ󻢺ٺһЦ㿪ʼѣݼݼˣŵûɢԴ󻢣Ҫʲô
˭Ǳ߰
ɽһߣ⸽߳һӰﻹֻãǱˣȴС
ǡ㣡ˣãС˸飬ӵӣҲƵıǱȥ
Դ󻢣ҪҪ
ݼݼŵˮȴڲݵϣҲԴ󻢺ٺһЦҪ޸ӣӺαôһأ췹죬Ӿ
͡һԴһѽݼݼ˺ڿڱһţ㰡˶

źӴӿڣС˻űⵣСӣؼҳԷأܡ
ˣع㱻Դץסˣ
˵ʲô
һıⵣ·߳ͷȥĴ²׳ӣҲűⵣͷȥ
ССʲôˣ
ʱϴ峤춯ҲŹȣҴ˳Сһ·ܻɤҲҪðˣһڿˮ˵ع㱻Դ󻢼ץסˣ
ˡ
ϴ峤ɫһ䣺ȥҰ죡
ãСҲƵܵС棬ţ磡磡²ˣûˣ
֨ѽһŴˣ˳ӣƺЩͷǣδ˯ѣʵСôˣ
СＱһţѽ磬ô˯ʱ𴲰㱻ԴץסˣعǱߡ磡
Сﻰδ˵꣬˲仯Ӱȥˡ
ݴϴݼݼĺԴԴ󷢣Цдݣ͡һֽ˺һ顣
ڷƮ㣬覣ֱԱӿˮֱʱһӰٿ顱һһ˳ȥԴ󻢣һѪͷҲ˼

һ˲ѣݼݼӰ棬ݼݼŵûɢʱһ±ϴ¡
û£ûˡԲ𡭡
ᰲݼݼʱһֻ˾Сèץ˫֣ϲסҲš
Դ󻢣
ʱҲϵˣŭӿͷȫųͷⵣԴ˳ȥ
ԴҲŵˣ˲ô࣬æӲݶǱԼҴǱȥ
һֱ׷·ͣ£һ׳ˣǰ߾Լҵĵؽˣǻǿȥôˡ


1190 
˾ݼݼڴϣԲ죬תǣҲΪ³ղѣԴ󻢵ǿԽԽˣѾҹ컯֮ǿʩˣʵ޷
ô죿
峤Ժۼ˲ˣΪǰ鷢ҲԼҵĹŮغˣǷɽһ㣬̤Ժţ뿪ӣһĵģʱǸͷ

һ׷߳̾ô죿ѲɻȥԴһ״˵ǿδ죿
˲ס̾ԼǴ˵δ죬ˣǸ浽ȥԻǮˣʲôأ
Сܵÿ죬ҪȻ밡ӣҪԴ̣ˣֻµϵˡ
˵˵ȥԴ󻢾ĲҪȻҿɴˣһĲҲ𣿡
⵹ǸӣӴԺԴҲɧˣֻǡҪ޸˭أ
ǻ𣿵Ȼǰˣ
졭
ʱһ׷Ȼģô˵ⶼ춨µԵ֣ҿ˰죬ûиӺʵˡ
ҲôͬǴҲаˣƷУǾΣĴδ⣬æģ
⵹ǣ˵Ǵģɵ򣬲ҲǴȢڴﰲңֻϧ
峤ΪΣ
ʱ˶ϴ峤ȥֻϴ峤أյ˵ͷ£һͷȥ˵˵

棬ݼݼڴϣ亹˶Σ⼸Ƕβϡ
죡
ڡ
ĴߣҲδ뿪ݼݼʶץס֣㲻Ҫߺ¡
ģҲȥúϢ
ᰲԵʱݼݼҹֻǵһ¶ѡ
ݼݼɫ԰׵ЦЦץ֣˯ȥˡ

ʱȻһƺߣԺһİϤĻͷʹޱȡ
죬ôˡ
ûû¡
ָ˹ʱ䣬ҲǻμһЩֵֹĻ棬ǰЩ죬Щл㱵ģÿζҪ˯Ż
ֹ˼ʱ䣬ݼݼתѾܹ´·ֹգѾȫָ
ʱ򣬲֪˵ʲôһʱʱ죬ǵʱ򣬸޵ģڻرһȻȫһˡ
ȻҲ쳣ܸоضԼǿԼĿ⣬ʱҲЩ֡
磡磡ϲСﲻ֪˹ЦģЩɻʵϲʲô

СҲؿ˿ҪȢ˰Լ֪𣿡
ʲô
üһһ˲䣬ЩǹŹֵģֲáЩҲǱԼǰÿԼȥˣ£ΪԼȴ֪
ȿȣСȥԱ桭죬
ʱϴ峤ͻȻС˸Աȥˡ
峤ղС˵
ġ
£峤㽫֮ǰ֮Ҳסˡ
ϴ峤Ц죬㿴ϣǰ飬벻ͲҪȥˣúøӣʲôã
ǡ
˵ʲôϴ峤ִϵ⺢ӣѵ񻹿Ѿͷֵģֱ֮㿴ڱöľǻΪϲ
ϲҡ
һһ̸סһ㣬૵ǣЩ죬
Ӵˣǵ治װ
ϴ峤˵˹ңǿ϶ẦߵİΪʲôߣǲΪϲźˣ㣬ôľͷƵģһ㶼ҵ˼أ
⣬ô
ǲȻ
ϴ峤죬ú룬˼ҹˣ³һǴѻºúðˡ
³һ
̧ͷȥѾˣҪѩ˰ɣһϣ˵һ𿴴ѩ׷ɡ

ʮʮ죬ǼҼһƸ·һ㣬ԵãŮȻҲҪ÷ģʮ˴壬ԴǱߣȥ
ҴԺһŵƽʣ컨ݼݼ뷿ޱҲڣӴ͵͵棬˷ܵ㣬ҪȻǽϺ磬͵͵ȥʲô
⣬ɡ
ݼݼϺߣͷһŤһ뵽վͼ޸ˣϱ㸡ֳ۵΢Ц
ʱסӣҲ˴ҡҷ
һöͬĽᣬҲ¶΢ЦһɲǣԺһĻһͷʹޱȡ
ڶʱڴýŴҴҸӴιɹ٣ϲӣôڲ𴲣찡ȻǶˣ˼ʱô죿
š㣬𼱣Ͼͺá
Ҽʲô㼱죬㣡
ãáҴ𴲣ͷô£ֻ˯ȥˡ
ѾˣҲ˲ȥˣҴһѣѵʱһöѪȻ˳
ǡ
ϵѪʰ˸һɲǣıֹͣˣ䣬ðޱȡ
öѪһ˲䣬Ժ棬ƵļƬһ糱ˮӿ
һ񻹲֪ڸģҪִػħŮ
ѧաѾȫʦˡ
Ҫ
ΪʲôΪʲôݵȴƫƫݲһ
˭ңұɱ˭
ˡˣáϣ
ʦ˵ģ²ô


һɲǣȫ飬Ѿȫȫ˷
ʱﰲޱȣİǸղŵĴȻʧˣӣһ±ʮȮˡ
ˣ
һ˲䣬Ӧ˹ʱǸˡ΢˾


1191 ˱
Ŷ棬ӾһƬţɪɪ޸ղա
þò
ʱһӲԶֻһӰ߽Ǳˣ΢˾ļ䣬ҲѾָˡ
ڰУһƾЩٲȻĸ֣Ǻȼƣŵò
죬졭Щˣǵ˭
˼ʶ㣬ʱҲȾסˣЩڰеģЩʲôˣ
죡
ʱҴԺݼݼҲ˳һ죬
죬ǡݼݼҲǰһĻˣǸˣǵʲôˡ
绨ӢɣǣɲŮò
΢˾˵֮ʱˣЩˣȴЮ˲ٴĺͯСͲޱٲȻС
СޱݼݼɫһĴҲסˣЩˡץסʲô
죬졭ǵʲôˡ
˿Ψϴ峤ЩĴ񣬶붼ǿԼӱץסġ
ء磬ҡ
һЩ׵ĺѾŵÿһޣǰѴǿ޵ĳһӲ£ǣǲҪ˺ӡ
ô㻹û㵽˭𡭡
΢˾䵭ԽԽˣۼѾЩӵĲϣǸŵĵѣڵϲģҪ˺ҵĺӣǣҪ˺ҵĺӡ
޹ģǣҸߡ
˪İ׷һɲǣ·ֱ˴ǰǸη֮ȻʧһΪȻ΢˾Щһ
죬㡭
ݼݼֻ۾Ѿ紵죬ˮ΢˾һЦ㻹졯ôҾ͸ǣ˭ֵ֮ʮ˵ġħ֮һ
ԣǶסˣʲô֮ʲôħ֮ЩǸ
졭
ݼݼ˫ۺᣬǻ֣תȥ˭ˣҲǰ죬ҡ
ҡ
ҡ
֣·һֱصĶߣֱ˴ߣããƼС
ǻˣǶȥԼĺӣݼݼȴ׷ȥ£γϣ㻹ûУҿһѩΪʲôΪʲô˵㣬졭
һװȴʪױ
ʱԶһɽϣһӰȴǰҵ⸽׺ԴӰǰʧ֮ҲһֱѰңգȴһ
Щˣһǳ֮ǰ˵ˣոǸ·ģһ΢ˣˡ
׺ѷǸ¶֪꣬Ҳ֪һ֮ˡ
Уҵȥ죬ȥȳ硭
׺ԥ̼ɽһ߷ȥ⾪˸ղЩˡ
񣬴ֻ֪Ҳ£Ǿûܹȥˡ

˿̣죬Ϊ£ʧ٣ѾȥˣȻûκ
ڲȷ£δֲóȻ£Ȼ󷢶֮ȥѰ䡣
ʱҴҴˣδɫԽţʵΣ
񣬻δҪĵģֻδˣԪɣΪ˴֮һ£ֽìͷָ졣
ϴϣ壬ûܹ´־ۼһȻǳ
˫ü΢˵вɣȥţԲطȡΪ׵СɣǱߣʱûжһΣҲ
֮󣬻δüô죿
˻ΪѾ죬ùһʱʱȺۻ㼯ԼٸߣʱҲض˿Ҫ𣬼ûпܣӣ˵ĵѾ˺εȾ磬޷
⻹һ£Ŀǰġ
ʱ̧ͷδֹüʵʲô£˵
Ǳߣֻǲ֪ǳԪɶ
顭
δһü˱ǵŵľţʦ˵ͽܣֻǰ粨֮У¡
ȥɱž׷ɱ֮£Ϊ˾˾ȣ˾ָ֮š
ԭ˾Ϊ˼䲼µһӣȴû뵽ƿء
ʮֶλıԣʵЩ˿ɱȣһӹɡ
˿̣δüøˣҲʱ졭뵹֮ˡ
ô죿ô죿ӦѾ˼ˣڣĹϵҲԲֵġ

죬ӳյóξˮɫƺӿδ⣬·ξϴĻ֣˫ü
ѾкЩδˣüϣǳ
𡪡
ʱһͳȻƺﴫֻƺӿһͷԽƣ塣
壬֪𣿡
ǵԽԪģ˵ܹӦڣ񣬾Ҳ޷֪ںδˡ

һĵ̾Ϣûƺδüչ巭Ǳƺ֮С
ʱֹһ£֪ʮ¡֮ʣ˼Ǵѩ׷ףϣɻãӢͷס
ǰ桭𣿡
ɽǴѩӯߣѩУֻһ꣬ѵǰС
նѩ÷ˣǱˣȴ׺
һµʱ䣬Ĵѯʴɽˮ塣
£ֻܼɽǿɵɽȥҪɵ棬ǲܵġ
Ҳ˵ĿǰΪܷɵɸ߿֮ϣȥˣأóȻ룬Ҳֻһ׽֮¡
类ЩץˣҪ취ȥ
Ƿѩɽϣ׺һҧɽɽϷȥ
ķѩΣܿһµķɽҡҡλβֹȶȥɽۣżߵΪһǽ
Լһ׺ɽϣɽ֮ϸǷѩңççأѩҪССӰû


1192 ħʯ
׺ѵڷѩɽۣһ׹ȥҪΣܹȥɸ߿ϵ죿
𣡡
ֻܳ󺰣Ȼķѩܿ㽫ڸǣܴȥ
ڷ˶ԣǾɽ磬ɷѡ
һа취ģһа취ġ
׺ֱ£ǴǰǸ꣬˵ϲɽۣˣƬ̣Ҳˣ棬Ƿģ
һƺ뵽ʲô֮⸽һʲô󷨣ֻǷۣܹԼһ֮һã
һ֮䣬Ρһ˲䣬׺˫ۣѩΣķԳɣ
һ̣ʱΧһУʣȴˣһɽͷ棬ֱʣ
ҵˣ׺дϲǳ統̵֮Ȼҵڣ
ǣҪЩȥ
ܣЩȥǣЩ󷨣֮˵ע⡣
뵽˴׺ԥһ£˫΢һӡģȥһ
ǹ棬յĹ֮飬һܱȡ
˿̣һδ˵ʲôһɲǣȴȻӦˣڶʱɫһĪʱѾˡ
ȻҲӦˣδһʱһǻ棬Ǵ˿׺ɽϵĻ档
ҵڵģԣȥôһ꣬ôģʲô
ҲЩɻ󣬻Ϊʲôȥ壬û뵽ֻǸСС꣬ѩ̫Ҳ׺ģôһͻȻ壬ضЩŹ֡
˵¶ȥǺˡ
á
δ΢΢˵ͷһۣȥˡ

ɽ֮ϣѩˣ׺ҧ֣ʱӰƮƮһһϣǰ𰡣
Сʲô
𰵱ȥ׺ʱһϲּ㣬˵λ㣬ǻǵ׺ǹȣ
ҲһϳˣǵǹȣߵǸ꣬ӡҵʱ׺˹֮飬Ǵ˿д
Сףôˣ֪ʲôط𣿡
˫ü΢̼ǵ죬϶˵һ죬ˣңȻҪߵʵ
ǣʱϰʦòʱ򰡡
֪ҵȻ֪棬һ²ߵ
Ϊʱļ׺ȻЩɬ㣬һǰ类ץˡ
˵ʲô
һ˲䣬˶ɫ

Ƭ̺ϣδ׺˵һҲеЩתЩţٴʵ׺ȷ
ǧȷ
׺ᶨص˵ͷ˵죬ҾͶɽ棬ۿǴ˳硭

δ歷˿ȥ𽥱Щ԰ףһΣдˣȻǷϢδ¹ô죿
δһԽԽֲ֮ǰһֱֲõԤУԭȥ죬ΣգǡһΣ

̫ؾŹȡ亮ɽҪ֮أλڣҪ֮صĺ棬һطԻĹȡ
Ĺȣֻ̫˲ܹ룬ѰϵӣһɲڣߵҪУҲλѾʥ˽ͬⷽɡ
ԶھĹȣ֪澿ʲôʵھĹһϹšħ󡱣֮⣬һӵ֮ġħʯ
˾Ĺȣѹ䡰ħĵطȻҲħ֮ˣӡھĹȡ
ЩֻǱӡھĹѰ֮£ڷħħʯǧ겻
ħȴѾħʯķӡҲѾǲƷӡ£ֻһ׷֮˱ɫħʯϣ
ħħʯ˫˫˵ΪʧȫʢʱڣҲѵˣɼ̫ˣӡ
һգһˣȻ̫ӣһ£ÿ죬ĹһΣÿζֻһˣ֪Ϊ£ķӡɶ
̫ӡ
˫ֲۣѪ˿һͷǰҪȥǰˣ˺÷顣
һΣ̫Ӻ֮ǰһֻվڷħ⣬ϸ˴Լ㣬ʲôҲû˵ʱ·ȥ
̫ӣ
£ǣһߵϷײҲȻнƳԽǽƱҲԽ
̫ӻص棬亮˵̫ʦ֣աǿʲôˣ
̫˫üȻҡҡͷ亮ֵȻʲôҲǺβֱӽɱˡ
С
̫ҡҡͷ˵ϣһܴܣйһε⿪ҳ
ô亮Ŀ΢΢һһ˲䣬Ҳĳֳ˼

ʱֹȥ죬һҹӰ˶ˣѾ̽쵽ǱץסˣھĹ
Ĺȣħʯ֮
δ빬صϢ󣬻δǸеתѣЩվȣɫһ±ò԰ȻԸλʥǿߣħʯ۵ķӡ֮кܹ򿪣
δ룬ȲҪһа취ġ
歷˼ɫɷףЩҡҡæ߹סˣҲʱ¡
正㲻׵ġ
δƶ˻һ˵綯Ϊֹħͨ˼ȥ磬Ա֮ٽŮ֮µĲʯħʯ׷ӡͨ
ȻħʯˣõֻһС飬ɱϾ֮һħʯӡˣѰκˣ޷ٴˣֻһˡ
˭
һ̣歷ɫҲΪ
δЩҡҡλΣȥţӣϣֻܹħʯ


1193 
˵
һɲǣ歷˸Ǳɫˣֻӵ۶ܹƿħʯϵ۷ӡ֮ǡ
Ҫȥࡣ
δߵߣɽڵķȥҲ𽥱ֻӣܹ
ɣ
歷ɫһ䣬ħƽţ֮У֪жҪȥţǲѰ·
ʱ䣬ɶۼԪ˵ˣѾΪħ֮ףǱЩ˵ʲôħ֮ϣʱȥҪǵ˷飿
ԣֻȥţң֮һΣұȥɣ֪ȥ࣬͵͵˷顭
δת歷ˣһһ˵ţ歷˵꣬ɫǱЩѿˡ
δ룬㡭
歷Ȼ˼ˣĵȥȻήΣգһҲȻû֮ͬʱҲܷ飬ȥҲҲգǶη壬Ҳκ֮
Ȼ֪ǰ·Ѳ⣬һţòȥ
ֻδһ죬ϵףʱƬȻ־۳һף
δ롭ʲô
歷˼Ҳˣɫһ䣬ҲЩ΢΢ˡ
δһЦû£ˣף
δ룬㡭
歷ֻ۾Ҳˣֹ֪ˣֹһΣδȥะ
正ôֿˣһ
δЦЦȥ۽ǽδˮһЦŵǵõСʱҲǰޡ
δ롭
£歷˸Ǹеζӳ£ҲƱסһ˵
δһЦû£ȥ
á
Ƭ̺ȥһСͥԺֻͥԺ仨׷ɣһɫȹСŮԺˣģֻСӣСèС¹

ʦ
ʦˣСҲƵ˹ϻմֳԱߵĻδһЦʦ㡣
δȥߵͷĨȥϵЦСһ𣿡
СãС¹¹С죬ϸûʦ
δЦЦȴ̲ס̾ȥôˣȻ޷Ҳʼͣʮң䣬ÿһʱ䶼ãΨֻǵ歡
СԺҪʦĻѽ
ˣʦҪͲÿСãС¹¹Сèè桭
С۴գһ˫ˮĴۣɰӣ˭˶ϲ
ء
δḧ˸ͷվԱߵ歿һۣգ۵ʦ㣬ǲҪȥ
ʦȥ˷䣬óԵģ𣿡


ڶգδֻº˸ߣ뿪󣬺ƲȻӿһ𣬾
塭
δͣḧ˸ƬΨһɫۣ˵壬ȥ
𡪡巭ž޴øƲ㷭ӿֹȴϻȥ
δ벻ȥºǰȥںԶԶûһȴָȥ
壬ȥδһתΧԣȴҲȥ
ˣδܣһᣬ̧ƣ˵ȥұ㶯ˡ
𡪡
Χԣ˼ջȥˣûɶԶͣعͷһؿ
ȥ
δһͣתºԶȥˣ廹ͣԭأԶȥʧӰһ

Ѿɽ£ѩ׷ףưܵĴׯѩ֮Уϡɼ
죬вյŵϢ£Ȼ䶯Ԫ
ǰĻţҲ޿ĲɴһʱһʱϵţݲͬѰȻøŸɣζš
ɽϷѩδҲδչȥһһ̨ȥ
ħȻƲţҲʧ
Խߣѩ·Խˣеɽ·ϣʱ϶΢΢һʲôҲû˵ҲóȻ£ֻôҴȥͨˡ

óһãϣδȴҡҡͷ̨ףһһ㣬ûоͷһ㡣
ڶˣһΣǵЩĪеһ
Ȼ֪Ҳͷ
һΣҲΪȻ֪Ȼͷ


1194 ֮
߷壬ΡΪվڣδɽ֮һءÿһӵᣬڴٿ
Ѿۼˣвطȵˣ۵ˣŵˣ򣬸ŸɵŻǳϣնȻҲŵˡ
˶ڵȴʲôЩ˵Ľ£ڸ̨ϣΣԱüԨλϡ
Զһĵطӣ໹棬ԼϲλΨڡ
ֱʱżǱ߷һӰƮȻƮƮʳ˼̻
һ覣ȻֹˮĵԶв˶ס˺
Щʵ֣棬ǹΪ֪һЩ֮أͯˣҲ֪λӡ
ˡ˵ͷ

Ҳ˵ͷδԣȥԼλ£һͬģˮʱҲ˹ȥ
ģ㳡˿ʼС֮ǰյϢǡ컨δ룬պݻϡ
Դ˿̣в˶СۣŮʲôʲôӿ治С
۷׷֮ʱ֪ôֺȻ˽һַ׷㳡ȥֻӰ˹㳡档
Ů
һ£в˶վо΢΢һŮˡ
ʱҲ䱸족֣̸֮ɫ䣬Ȼ˵ĻĸǱڸ
ǵĵǶģŵģֻлδ»ˣţδ˵ֺʲô
Ů
ǱߣǳһָˣǺ֮ǣ˵֮£𣬿һΣأҲǰͣοЩ촦ԣҪһ㣬Ǵϣ衭
ʦá
ǬԪ˰ҡҡͷʾ⾲䡣
ֻδһع㳡ĿֱǰҲƽˮû˿
º𰣬Ȼδ˿̵ƽһ·ȴ¶ʮصľ֮ɫ
ŮȻˡ
طǱߣԱߣ䣬ȴʼϢ˿Ҳ֪ʲô
Ǹˣǻδ𣿡
ԶвҲߣһȥ䲻૵ȥħ˰ϣһ֮ôҲɱ˲գ۵ħŮ
˵ˡ죡
ԱһԴֹˣҿ˿һۣ㶮ʲôħ޶óıαװꡭǸ˱ǱŮԻˡ

ǲ⣬ʮǰλһʦ𡭡
ԱߵƺΪʦ֡һҿ˿æѹסڡ󲻵֣

۵ãʱ˵ŵʱҲףΪţᵽ顱֡
˵ע£δߵ˹㳡м䣬̨ϵλϹ˹֣δ룬λϡ
ֻڹ㳡ЩŸɵţȴǿҲδһۣһۡ
ߣŮ
ɫһ䣬ȻһֱϲʱգȻֵΪΪŮӣһŶħһԨ޷ͷ
ʱλȴϲͬԵʮֻΪһ֮ף˵δ룬֪ʲôط
δͷȥصδ롭֪

΢΢ףֵǰ۴ħ;ǧžħ̤֮һħ࣬ض𣬿ɹȴǵڶˡ
δ롭Ҳ֪
δ̧ͷ˵һΣδȴò
Ŷ
˫΢΢һΪǹ˵˵Ϊβò
ʼգߡƺԷϾţȻҪŵķȣҲһһŮʲôġ
δȥֵδ룬ӣδ࣬ȴһ֮롭
һ̣˶ϢҲʮֺ棬һһ࣬ɣȻ֪·һɾΪʲôһҪ
ʱ˶е治ѣ֪һţӵ֮룬ʲô
ԶˮҲؿʦʲô£ѵǺʦй
վüԵǧҲߵˣԼüͽлشˣ˿̶
ֻվؿãŵ˵
һ±ýºվں棬ס˺һ̼ܹԼֻ֪ǻᵱըˡ
Ȼڻδ˵˴˴֮㳡һ˲ըһ˶վ¶ŵľɫǻ֮ɫǸָɫ֯ϡ

һվЦЩ֮£ԣħͷӦĹ˭ȴȥֱ
в˶ͬĻһԸʶ䣬ħΪ飬ʮǰǳ죬ֵ¾ħЩĴǿжȡ֮ŷɥòױܻȥȳ
֮ϣżλȻҲû뵽Ȼһܣ£ϵʹˡ
һ
üɫЩ΢΢ףʹѾȥô꣬ÿÿκй飬뵽ģǸ׷ѩ˪ˣǵ꣬ǸƤֵֺ꣬ǵ꣬Ǹڶ̨ϣ˭ǿꡭ
ʦ֡
ˮҲסˣһ̣֮ǰʦԭԭ֮ʦ֡
ǧҲüڻǣûܹ㿪һؽô
ã㳡ϲ˶ŻδǸеЩ˼顣
˾֮ʣȻֻδͨһȥӣ

ºһȻʱȴȥ
Ҳסˣû뵽ŮȻһ̣ȥ뿴Ҫô
˵ףһҲͽܣȥȣǱˣˣΪϡ


1195 ƫ
һ̣˶ϢҪҪ֮䣬ˣȻǵ
绺ӹ㳡ϴŻδڹ㳡ϣҲסˣȻǵãǵõһ󣬶һ˶
ɱ˲գ۵ħŮ𣿶һ˴飬ȾѪħͷ
һ̣ӣɵӣ˳˼֮ǰ૵ʦ֣㿴Щ˵
㡭
Աߵʦҿ˿һΣȴûٳֻǳ̾һ̾ǴΡ
ɡ
ԶԶŻδ룬Ȼֹˮûκα仯Ҳû֪˿ʲô
δȴûǵϴӦδڴˡ𡣡
һ£Ⱥǰ˶סˣżλϣ϶Щ΢΢仯һ̣˵꣬һŵ⣬ҹһĻơ
ƣ
㳡Ȼ֮ʱֻһ´λվŭָδ룺ŮֱˣҰŮ£
һº𰶼̽䱸ɵҲ΢΢һʱȴǰ׽ûδ룬˿վЩӣһ㿴ңҿ㣬֪Ǻá
㡭ǣ
ʱûһĻϸһ漴ŭͷԱʦܣ°ɡ
ɣǣʦ֣⡭
ϻ˵ʲô֣°ɣ°ɡ

һֵ̾Զδһۣһ䣬ԼλϣüϿʦܣʦԻᶨᣬ㲻ż
ʦ㣬ôҲҡͷһ̾ڲټ˵ȥˡ
ȥ˵طϣִΪͽգԼɡ
һ̣㳡ޱȰֻз紵Ҷɳɳ죬Ҳûκһ˵ˡ
໹ǰյһ裬̼ǵãط㳡ϣǸͻȻ䣬๸ꡣ
ҪɱɱˣˣҸոײ㣬ҲҪɱңûһˡ
ƽŵµӣһ֪أȥ
ˡҴˡ
Ǵ䣬ɺͽһ£ܶϷ
ʦãͲҪʦ˵Цˣǡ
Ѿʦֲ˵
һĻһĻҶ·һжգЩŵĵӣδʮǰͽһĻڳһʦʦǣȴĿ˵ꡣ
໹һ裬ѽ⡣

ع㳡øӰˣҪǰ⽫δһջ˻ȥȻһŻδ벻
δĳǧ˿һȴǧ绨죬ȴУΡ
֮ʱȻԶһ֪ħһ֮ȥһħͷȳӣҪˣ˾ٲֻǹغˣҲֹǹغţǹغİΣ
˷׷ѭȥֻ˵֮ˣǱˣȴǲطȵĶⷬ˵ԼԼȴԱߵĹȴʼղҲ֪ʲô
ƶΪ֮
ʱһվ˳һģ⼸ɵš
Ҳͬ˵Ʋȥȳ
һʱ䣬ԽԽվ˳֮ҲȻ˶Ϊʱȥһȳʮֲʣǻơ
Ƕˣ
ڹ㳡֮ʱȻһ峺Ůڳ˶
˵֮ˣȴվǧߵһŮӣڳĴ඼ֻϵǧѣϵҲüµӣߡ
Ƕˡ
ֻǰ˼ԽոŸɣȴη壬һһ˵Ƕ˵ۼħûħɶۼ佫жˡĴħڣͬмƺ⣬ΪȴʼΪȺħ֮ס
һ뾭ѵ֮ԣڳ˽΢΢һŮ˭ͽܣ治ĻҲҵ˵
˵ЩüҲ΢΢üȵߣ£
ʦһȣ΢΢һ£ȴδʹ£Ǽ˵꣬ûɱˣȴƫ˵ɱˣղ£ÿһˣֽȥġΪʲôڣǶԼûд
һԾüϵɫѾȫˣסڣ
֮£񵱳ʱ˲֮һҲΪŵĽɡ
һ£֪Լ˵ȥȻܷɽղ˵ֻ½Ҳûлᣬȫ棬һֱ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ΪеƫһʼǱĨƫ˵˵ħļϸΪһʼǾ϶ˣħˡ
һ̣㳡ˣûһ˵Цһ˵ʲôȴȵϣ֪һֱϲΪײ㣬ǣûǸʱֻһСӰˣΪȴʼҪһСӼƽϡ
㡭
ô˵棬ϱһ˵࣬ԣֻüϿȥѹʦ㣬˵ң㿴̳ͽܣ
ֻüϽüҪ˵ʲôȴֹ
ʱں棬вӶ߲ղ˵ЩȴҲȥģʱϸϸһ룬񣬺ʦ˵û
ңҾáʦ˵ģǶԵġ
ʱһССȴ֮ǰǸӡ
Աߵʦһֹ֮ʱȴ㳡ϵĻδָȥصʦ㿴Щ˵ɱ˲գۣնŮΪλҪôЩ˵ҷãһˡ
㡭
ʦһΧҲв㳡ϵĻδ뿴ȥֻ˵ħŮΣɽռ֮󣬲ŷָͲô¡
ҲΪʦոԣе
ʦղԣûд
һʱ䣬ԽԽӺӦܿ죬ط嶼ҪһһĻѳǶһȻһʱƬ̣޷ЩӺֹ
˷ˣֻһǵͨ죬ŭǽҪ췴ǲǣ
ȻҲûܹôӺֹţЩɵӣʱ򶼸źӦ
һ£ųϾʧɫûϵȻ˻ƵһĻ֣Ůʲô£Ѳɻܸչƻģ
Щһͽܣڵã˴治źȥ̻ŮһǴħͷ
ͨͨұ죡
˺һɵųϲŽԼµĵӳڸհ֮ʱ㳡棬ȴֺȻһ
ִִ˵ִ̫ԳɴԼֺγˣϺħеĴֻ˵ƫѡ


1196 򶾵
ʲôˣ
ͻв˽ɫһ׷㳡ȥ˵ղһǴ治Ǵ˵ʲôϺħеֻ˵ƫ׵Ļ񲻸뾭ѵ
ֻ㳡̨ϣһˣһ£ģᣬֻһȦԼֲɣ
Ȼһֻƺ«һڽ֮󣬱㽫«ӵȥ
ţֻ˫һ㣬ƮƮ˻δԣ̨˵˹˹֣˼ȴ뼸λϣ֡
ǡ
Ŀ⣬ԱԨ˵й˼ȴ£ɱͬţţǴŻǰãţʱһʶġ
Ŷ
ĿȻڹ˼ȴϣȴʼǣʲôɻ
˼ȴ硭
ߣҲһ£û뵽˼ȴ磬ʱͻȻ࣬˵Ҳкþδˣ֪ʱȥ
ӡ˼ȴʼպأÿһȥ֪ÿλʱǻЩС
ǧѴ˿̵Ŀ⣬Ҳڹ˼ȴϣһ֪롣
ͽ
ԶǱߣǳһߣȻϵù˼ȴҲǵһΣԭѾסŮˣһϣ˼ȴţŮˡ
˼ȴδҲû뵽ʱͻȻʲôˣ
˼ȴûжԣתſȥ˵¾ƽţֹλΪħ֣֮澳֪λ֪񣬶ȻҰĲһ˳ȥϰǵʱǱ͸Ԫ򣬸Ÿɡ
Ŵһ˶˳˼仰Ҳƺżֵǰ澳˲̫˽⣬Щ֮ĽѾɶ⴩Уλһ
λվۼڴˣȴȻִνħĪǲ֪ĺ˻ģ죬ѾԪΪĵط𣿡
˿̣˼ȴˣһһǰҵȷ֮˿಻ԣֱ۵ĳ֣֮ڰǰһУֽݣȴִνħ֣֮Ż֮
һ˳˼ͬΪĴŵšҲ⣬ΨطȵʼղɫҲʼδ֪롣
˵֮ⷬ󣬹˼ȴתδδ
˵꣬תȥԶطǱߵδ봫δӦա򲻿ɵ¡
㡭㵽ʲôˡ
ġһλѶѡ
˵һ䣬˼ȴٶԣ˵֪ΪŹ˼ȴΡ
㳡ٴΰֶȥϾĴΨطйŷͥʵ
˵Լǰ֮Ժ󣬲طҲս˥䣬֮䣬طȣĲطȣǿɲǡط桱ˣǷâܵУ
ΪطһĹԪžصĵλĻȻҲǼأЩѰɵſɱȡ
˿ֻ̣վԱߵ˿ȴȻȻȥΪ֪Ѿ˵ˡ
ĳΪԪɣǧ޾аʲôʱҪһħ֯ƺˣ
ֻ˵ʱ鵭Ȼɫ˿䣬˼ȴֵٶǰĴħɻǵãһѪɺӵսۡѵǣλ̫𡣡
⡭
Ȼħһۣڳв߾ɫһ䣬Ѿȥٶˣһ֮սǸеľѡ
㳡һǿֱ仯ֻãұԣֻ֮ңħ˭ܹ֤˵һУʵħıơָ˻δ롣
Ŵһڳ˾һ㶣ʱ뵽ʲôˣ仰ʮյһУǻδԼ˵ܹ֤˵ʵ
һһǰôһ£Ϊȴûκζûκһ֪δЩ˵ȥ
ǰӸɻ֮һ£ȥ죬ż죬˵һΪܣδҲ̫˰ɣ᲻ᵱħıơ
˿̣в˶ʼȻ䣬صΪ֮ףôκ£뿼ˣղŹ˼ȴԣķˣôÿһ£ҪϸˣΪغĲֻţܿǡ
һ˵ವȷʵ̨֮ϣλ϶ϸϸ˼⻰治޵
ʱвֶδ뿴ȥһαý
ֻδ޲ɵĿ⣬Ȼղδԣʵаԣֻ˵ıǱң̻ҷ𣬻ɢ

˶ģɫ΢΢һ䣬֪ΪΣһȻֲõԤС
Ҳ׼ɫȥȷʵ˵ѣûܹ֤˵Ϊʵˡ
˼ȴվһԣҲüˣûеôöԸ
ֻһЦ˵δ빬ģ֤Է飬ħˣ˽Կ¶ˣ
˵̨꣬˺ͼλϿȥķңĳ֮Ūʵ֮ǰŲκζ֪ΪΣ
һ±ɵ˶˿ȥֻ˫ü΢Ȼһʱ֮䣬Ҳ¾ߡ
ŵλߣһһҲעţʵǣȷʵ֮ǰǲóȻУȻȥԱպȻΪ
𽥱ýδ뿴ȥβܹ֤˵һУʵħıƣڳˣɲصٶǰĸޡ
ǲ֪Ҫ֤
ʱ˿̣δȻɫ䣬Զ󣬵˵һΣҪң
δ빬ִҪ֤ԼԷ飬ǵҲȫûа취
תһɲǣ·һ±࣬Ա߼޹صţҲͻȻеһ䡣
˵޷δ뿴ȴûһ˿
ܼ򵥡
ʱֻȻһ֣һºۣǺɢȥֻ֮ϣһöɫĶ
ǣ
һɲǣв˶ɫȻǷʹԶǶܵˣﶾң֮
ڸ̨ϵˣһ̣Ҳ΢΢ɫ򶾵
˵֮У֮нҩԱԨüµҲɫĶѵǷ֮ܣǷ֮ҲƳ򶾵
ֻ󵭵򶾵ϴϹż񣬰ռأʹʥ֮ˣһ򶾵֮ڣҲɣнҩܽ򶾵Ķδ빬ҵڷ򶾵Ǳܹ֤㷽˵һУ档


1197 лɻ
һ˲䣬㳡Ȼ˶ö򶾵
˵֮Уʴǣ֮򶾵ûнҩһ£޾ȣɣ
Σδ빬Ƿҵڷ£ĳö򶾵򶾵Żδ룬ص
ߣº𰶼ѱɫڿ˵ıҿգطȰػĲŶԣ
һ㳡ϵձøӱˣҲƴ̹һ㣬ֱΡ
һ̣˶еĿеĿŻδ£е̨ϵ˵ȼλϿȥ
ս˪ȴɫȻص¹˵ҲطȰػģǲ磬˵˵ҲطȽǰΰػĵġ
㡭
һָʱЩǰ˵ùĴ֮һطȵĹ
ܿʮǰĲطȡ桱֮䣬ЩطȵʵѾ𽥱ƽţǲ֮£ղ˵һ䡰Ϊ֮סżַζ
һΣֱȥطԼЩԲطհɣȻô˴£һؽҡĵλ
˵ŵʵȷʵǿʢԪ棬ûκһܼڱͣĻҲֵʷ
̼ǵãǧǰǿһʱħһսʦӡϵʱɵţԼ±ɵţħ桰ӡһսһħ֮սޱȲңħʧٶա
Ȼһ֮սħսˣ˳Ԫ򷱻֮أһսҲʱ޷ʧ
ʱ䣬ط伮ҲӴʧ˥ߣͬ˵ġĩʱһ㡣
ӣʱ˶飬ûñˣ֪ʱԪԣǺأһӾ͵˼ǧꡣ
ԺŵجҲʼˣڳǶһսˣѷеһһ޷ŵĸ߽ķǿɣʹ䣬ڳΪʷ
һǧطȵɣȴٴųӭһԪʢ
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һʱ䣬Ϊްӣǻһ֧ţʦ飬Ѳڡ
ֱ߰ǰŵʮšطˡճһʱ䶯
ʱţȻջԻ֮󣬿ȴ֪ΪΣżֻԻ֮ʱطȴͻȻ֮λ˵ʧӴκѶһͬʧģеʱطȵĹ֮
˽ţͽϸͼܵԻͣܿ죬ű㷢롭󣬱ǽ֮֡
һУ֮ףԽӸλԽиҪһУλϲǲס
֮£⣬ֳֶ˿ģƵȴǻδ룬Ű
ӹ㳡ϴһ˶Żδ룬ٴεôδ빬ڿô
вˣδ뿴ȥ򶾵֮ɣҷ
ֻδǰ´˵λǷ㲻Ϊѡ
ȻҲ֮£⣬öȻȥպҲض˷飬»
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Ŀһ䣬ָһݡһһö㳯δ˹
һĻ˽һһ˲䣬˼ȴһǰڻδס򶾵֮ǰһƴ߳ʱǷ򶾵˻ȥ
⡭
в˽һΪһʼز¶Щڷ֮£ͻͽһ֮˵жֲܹ˻˼ȴĹҲͰ
򶾵˻ȥĿ΢΢һָһһ֮ͣ򶾵һ³δ˻ȥ
˼ȴٶȳ֣򶾵֮Я֮ʵǷͬСɣԶҲһ˼ȴ硭
ͽЩΪҲ˲١
ԶǱߣǳĿ䣬ֻ˼ȴһ˲һֽ֮򶾵˻ȥ
һö򶾵ȥмȴǷͬСɣԶˣеһϢЩýˣ˿ˡ
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̨֮ϣҲĿ⣬һؿŹ˼ȴϰڹķƺǴšȴҲ֪ĸɵڹķӲ򵥡
һ̣Զ˶ס˺ֻһߣȻ˫ֽӡһǵӡɳЯ֮ƣ򶾵˲Ϣ
˼ȴҲƲҴ⣬˫ӡһɿ𣬵ʱһֻᰴסļһ½Ŀȥˡ
ǰУЯŷ֮ƶ򶾵Ҳֹͣתջ˻δָ⡣
δ˼ȴתͷȥ΢΢ɫ¶
һ̣δȴƽˮ˶ס˺һؿҷһö򶾵

վںߵºҪǰȴδֹסˣֻһ㳡ǰȥһö򶾵ȴһ㡣
ˣӴ˿Է¶ƫδգһö򶾵кβɡ
ص㳡Щ̫ţ򶾵±ɣҷ£
طǱߣЩ֪ʱʲôǱߣ˶λϣ˿ҲԵʮء
˵Ŀ⣬һ̶ǰȥŮϣֻһľһδһɻħԹʹ䲻޷ΰ
˴ֻȻ򶾵һ˲䣬˶۾ס˺Ҫ¶
Ҫ
ºҲô࣬һ˲ȥδȴһһӿγһεķǽ˺͹˼ȴ档
Ҫ
κһ̣δȴȫȻһ㣬صһУɵôգһҲҶաֻ򶾵һ˿С
Ȼ
һ£ڳ֮޲Ȼɫû뵽Ȼ潫򶾵ˣ
ŵҲסˣǵҲҪõħŮ
طǱߣҲԭһȻûϵδ뾹Ȼ潫򶾵ˡ
󣬴ʱɫʮ㾡ͷȴû㵽δ޾ƻգպ󣬿Ҳٽ֮ˡ

º˻ߣȴȻ޷ƿһǽֻţŻδ¡
Ѫʳһһ㣬Ⱦǰ½ѩһһ俪÷
ȵ꣬컨ʱʱһɡ
·Ѿˣ˼仨ɻһ죬˼Ļһ졣
ϣҲ¶ЦݣһѪӿˣȥ


1198 δδ

һ̣ڸ̨ϵˣҲݣܹԿղһ˲䣬˫ֲһ¡
꣬ǸʱҪɱʹ鼱֮£ֻһƴҪֹȴû뵽ŮͻȻһơ
Ǹʱ㿴ˣա
ԶˮҲסˣǧѣһҲƳĬˣԺֻ죬δҪ˵ʲôأֻ˵һ䡰ħ;


ǽɢȥˣˮһгȥһ̣㳡ưˣҲ˵ֻ仨Ʈ㡣

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ʦôѽ

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һһֲХĹȲסЩԭѹھĹħŵҶ
ʱھĹ棬һЩҲŵһЩȥʱĹ洫ĿֲԶŴħһľ
ǣʲô
ʮɫɷףھĹض꣬ȴδй˺µĸо˿һһ洫ĿħХ֮ǻ겻ᣬ·ʱʲôħ˲ҷһ㡣
ܿ죬λĹ߸Ĺصأʧ˿λɫҲʮֽţʵ£
֪
ʮھĹĵһ֣̿ȫȻ֪˺£Ҳ֪Ĺ澿ѹʲôˣ˿ֲ

һֲХ֮ȻϴӾĹ洫λΪ͵ĳϣʱֲħХ֮£еʮֻֿš
һӲΡΡλϣҪȻҪȻȥʲôȻĻңǲ˰
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̬ȼǾĹ棬ǿûλ̫˵˭ҲܽĹȣȥˣ֪λ̫
ңȥ
ʮˣܣʱһӰȻһ°׵ۣϢ̫ӡ
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̵ͷ֣˵ʲôʱ̫Ĺ濴˿˵ȳȥ
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ʮӺλϣҴȥˣԭλ̫ˣƽﶼڸԵؾʱȴ֪ΪΣƵƵ
Щ˳ȥ̫֮˲תĹȥָһĹȵĽˡ

ĿХ֮ǿ£ŵЩƽﲻʵħʱڵص²ҳ
̫üͷħʯ£ֻ˫Ѫ죬׷к֣ħһ㡣
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ֲȻҲ޷ħʯĽֻħʯӡģԽĽƣԽ

ֲХ쳹Ĺȣҳȥ
Ҫȥ»С
̫䵭䣬ָһֳħʯϴȥӡ¡һּӹ˷ӡ

˫һߵϷײҲѣħʯķӡ֮
죬ھĹĵӣÿʱÿ̶Ǵĵ״̬
ÿ춼ӾĹ洫ĿֲħХ֮ߵˣҹҲʱʱħХӾĹﴫˣЩ̻̲
һʱĹﴫħХ̫ؾŹȡ亮ɽط޲ľô꣬ǻδй˿µĸоܸоգʲôҪһ
̫ؾֻ̫˫ĿգھĲʲôʱһȴһ赲档
ã̫˲Ż˫ָۣһǲȥһڴ˽
յֻ֮һ±üˣʱҴһӣ̫ü¾š
棬ˡ棬桭ǣ
ֻǵ֮ɫ˵״ˣʱؾ棬ڴһŮݻᣬλˡ
Ŵ̫˵ʱɫһ䣬̫ؾһУԷӽƣ͸ŮӵΪ˺εȾ磡
˿棬˾ǿֻŲѣǧ˸ҴʱǰУֻһŮӱƮƮֳƾŮһ㣬֮䣬ȴѸ±һֳ̩ɽѹ
㣬㡭ţǧˮˮȴ󷨣㡭㡭
ǴʱһЩΪ͵ĳϣ˵̲ס˵һЩΪߵĵˡ
˿̶ԷϵϢЩʥǿһ㣬һѹ͸ˣȴһֲĸоָо˵ǡԷͲ˼ǿߡ
ľ֮ʱڳӰǿϢҲ˲
λ̫ˡ
һ̣϶¶΢΢ɫλ̫˾ʥƽܹ׼
գλ˾ȻһȫˣҲ˵ˣǰˣǵ֮
ֻˣ̫˽һ°׵ۣؾ˴һɫĵۣ亮ˣһɫѣһ
ӣ֪գιʴ
̫䣬Ͼ˾ʥΪУԶ±Щ˿ɱȣ±Щһ̻̲
ʱУҲͬɫ䣬ֻ䵭ͽڡ
һΧոһ±˪ûκһĿ׻һѯڣһ£ʹ̫˸üͷ


1199 
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亮˵һЦ֪ҪѰңǺˣкιϵ
һһ±øӱˣ±˶ţǻٶ֪һЩҲϾֻ˵δռŮӣȻ󳬳ǵԤϡ
ͬĻҲ˵ڶ飬Ҫߡ
䣬һɽǱ䣬һε壬Ǹһֳɽѹ
̫ӣտطˣҪҵˣδɡ΢΢̧̧֡
±ǺȻû뵽վλ̫ˣҲŮ˿Ϳ˵𡭡
һֲ̣뵽ˣǰڷ˵Ԫ֮ţ֮ɣӣжɾ
һΨһ۶һѷ磬˼䲻ֻһѣˡͣ
ϢȲӺͶɾͣӽǲ˽ˡ
ȻϢ֮ʣֻеϵϢһ±øӺˣ˵λִⲻϽ˽ˡ
亮ЦЦô£ʦּ˵ˣҪҵˣڴˣο໹Ҫݣҿȥɡ
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䣬һ̧Ȼһâֱ߳ȥ±˼ֱǿ޲Ȼʧɫ

̫Ŀһ䣬һһ͵ӿԱߣ˷һɨһǿɳ䡱һ˵˰С
֮£±˽Ϊ֮һ𣬸в¶֮ɫֻλ̫ǳʥŵӣƾһ֮λ̫ôܹš
Ȼ̫ҲûϵԷĹ񣬹紫һ㣬Ԫǧ֮ܳˣܳô
ӣ鴫ˣ
Ȼ̫һ˫ϵת⣬ʥ֮ǵУһ˲䣬ӿһɽӿʱǬ
˿ֲ֮ϮأԲɽһԪ˲ȫ̫ǲֵ֮⡣

Ȼ䣬±˽׹̶δ뵽Ϊ˿ֲ֮䣬ȴѸһֳ̩ɽѹĪǴšǵ棿
˵˲ڣǲڣִ棡
̫ٴߣķƱɫؾ˺ʹ亮˸ִ֮ƣͬʱһɨȥбɽѵ֮
֮һ̧еﲻͣת̻֣䡱֮Եֵ档
±˺Ȼֵܵסλ˵ͬʱʵĪǾϵΪÿ¡
˿̣̫ҲѲƱƽԭжΪһʧܣͬʱһµξΪȻһ
һʥ֮˶ԣǺ֮ѣȻ˵ڵҲΪ
ʥʮÿһ˱ܹ̤ȻȴһξΪ˻һ
ʱ˻ŵڶΪڣ˳
һ飬
Ȼ˪һɲǣ̫оδ۶֮ʵѾ˿£۶ӡֽ֣Ρ

ʱĹǱߺȻһֲХһ£±ߵˣɫɷףǾĹȡǻ̻̲ǸħХ֮
ˡ
һ˲䣬̫ҲȻ䣬ǸΪ˵ĿξǸξġħ

ĹȵķһۣһɲǣǺȻӦʲôϣҲһƺ
˵ڴˣ
һƣˣ̫˻ڷ񣬴ʱ˺󣬷Żعֻ̫ղҲˣħӣĪҪһħų
ħֲã
һӿһ纣֮ɽ֮ᾣƴͬ
ʥԪͬʱһˣվ֮ʱһϮֻüԪ࿹һʱӿط̫ؾŹȡ亮ɽԲֹ
±ѺȻʧɫû뵽λϣʵȻ˿£
δҲ̫ˣȻؾĿһ˫ֿٽӡʮһ
£ֻԭգȻ֣·⸽أˣһ˲ðգ
ͻȻݺڰ֮УڵӶľѣֻϺӿԼԼһ츿ص͵س
ʥͨǱѰʹٸߣ಻ֱ࿹һ˲չɲӰΣܿǰʮһ
󣡡
̫һȣ±Щϲ㷴Ӧ̴ˣˡ֮
ǳһȫɣʱȻΪٸߣҲѴӳȥ
ϴʱ̫˵ʥͨʱ˵ȥĹȾȳҲ
һ̣ԥһԾܿؾ˺ʹ亮˵Ĺƣͬʱ˫ھһߣƾУ׷ؾ˺ʹ亮˽˻ȥ

̫˲תԪס˫ؾ˺ʹ亮Ҳ˻æתڹķⱻˡ
Ȼֵܹס±߲Щˣεֵ
ֻ˫ֳ̫޴ɱܣ

һʱ䣬±߲ҽֹʱԪ޿ɱܣһЩΪ͵ĳϣܲסοЩӣ
ܿ죬ɾողġ󡱴󣬻δãʱȻɢ
ˡ
̫ˣʱסˣʱ֣˵

һҽֻ±ߣǧ˫ֱͷ۲Ѫ˿ҲѪһЩΪԵ֮ˣ۶ڱ֮УѪٲֹͣЩ˱ضж
ڴɱˣȥ֮һֹЩ˷·һ㣬һ̱ȥ
̫ˣҲ˹ɾһɲǣֻеһ󾢷һ˲䣬ѳ˵ķĹǱ߷ȥ
һ̫ӣɫһ䣬һ˲׷ȥƱ䡣
ת˲֣һ顱һһƴ̫ؿڣʱɫɷף󵹷˳ȥ


1200 ƽ
̫ʦ֣
ؾ˺ʹ亮һ˲ȥסɻ̫ˣʱϣоɫ
ȥĹȣ
̫۾ɫܿǿʩȴһ̧Ϊʣڿлӡ
ǡ
һֻһӡ˲ɣƴһϹ֮͵س
⣡
ɫһ䣬Ȼӡһ˲䣬ȴжˣһ±㱻ӡҲ롣
ǡŮӡ
˱ӡ֮Уʱ¶ɫһֻ̣üһ۶ӡ֣۶ӡӲ׳֣ɸոնôӡʱȴò۶֮
ʱס֮ٶ飬һ˲һâĹǱ߷ȥˣգ۱㲻Ӱ
ˣ
˰˴˶һֻۣ취ŮӡƳ±ЩĳҲˣ⵽ʲôӡסʥλ̫ˣŮ˿ֲʵ

һֲħХ֮ȻϴӾĹﴫʱڹλϺʮӣŵɫҲĹǱ߿
ʲʲôˣվס
һӰȻʮ˸һ߿ٷӦĹصأǺˡ
Ȼδ˵ֻ꣬һһɳһ±㽫ʮ˶ԭأá
ȥЩˣĹȶȥ˹֮ʱȻһ֮ͳ˹ϸ֮£ǹȿ֮ȴһʮĽƽ硣
ֻǽ紦н֣֮ʹΪٸ֮ˣǿҲض
֮⣬ȫ˫ֽӡһգ¡һĹȽӦ顣
ƿ֮һħХӿֲˣĹȵϷһˣħӿҪж¡
סüͷ壬һһ̹â˲ȥˡ
ȵ˾ĹһʱǰľȴüͷøˣֻĽӿħʯķӡѾȫһֲӡƣκͼȥˣؽҷ

ʱħһս˲仯һâȥ
ȻħʯʮɾʱĽף¡¡ϳ
ȻΪطֵסףɵħʯɾʱӡͻȻųҫ۹âһֲ֮գò˳ȥ
Ϲ֮ǵУȻֻһƣǷܿ⣿
ʦʦ
ֻͷ׷Ѫ˫ۣȥѪɫ𽥻ָ糣ʶҲʱѡ
ΪʲôΪʲô㡭
˿ЩãԺ棬һĻҲ
һ꣬û뵽ʦͽټⷬ龰
˫üĬ˵Ϊʦķܴ˴аš
Ϊһ㿴˴ħ֮ħʯǧѹħҲˣħʯҲħ֮
Щħ֮ʬħõ֣޹Щ죬ʧأʬħҲ֮
ڣħʯϵķӡƺֱһЩԥȫԪһһ㻪⣬ٴγħʯȥ
ȻγԹȻ޷ħʯĽƣҲ޷ƣ̸ƿķӡߣ

ͻȻ䣬ٴͷһХԭָʶһ𽥱㯣׷裬һ˫۾ҲٴαԽԽѪ졣

üһ˫ֲסӡһⷨӡʱħʯȥȻҲֻƳһƷӡȴ޷ħʯ֡
ʱĹȻ̫˵㵱Ҫ²һħųħΨħʯ֮ܽӡȥħʯκܹѹ

ֻ˫Ѫ죬һֲħХ𵴾죬ƣ˶ŵòֻʧ룬ֻŲѡ
üԽԽȻʱȴޱֻͻȻһ¾ףһףΧܣǰһƷӡ
䣡
һ죬һڱƣһԾǰȻһִħʯʱһɿֲ顱һ˳ȥ
ʦűħʯɳȥʦʶ·һָѡ
䶨վȣָһָ⣬һָħʯȥ顱һħʯʱһҲٴαħʯ˳ȥ


1201 ۶
һһħʯϴȥڣħʯĲӡѾɶˣĽҲԽԽˡ
飡
һ죬һָħʯϴȥһӡҲˣڴʱħʯҲͻȻһǿ⣬һ½˳ȥ
ֻħʯ棬һ˲䲼˷ӡǿҫۣһӡˣҲǴ˵֮еġ֮
ĹȣȻЩѹڹеħһ̶ŵöڵصףð
ʱ棬̫ȻҲѾܵˣĹȴķӡ֮ħʯһӡ
ˡ
ɫ䣬ȻʱɱŮӡţһʱƬ̣ԳƳȥ
±ߵҲŵû겻壬ʹǸȥĹȣҲֹ޷ѡ
˾ȳ
ǿ˴˶һۣϣָһüһ㣬һ˲䣬ȣгƾŮӡ֮
ʱھĹҪƾŮӡԥԪپۣȴʱһƺߴﴫţֻɫɷףһ죬Ԫ̫Եʡ
ʦ
ʶʱʱģΪʲôһʹ޵ĲħΪʲôҪңǣҲǡ

һƺߣֻ󣬺Ȼһƺ֣֮ϣͬҲһƺ֡

ֵ˲䣬״˫һֱѪ죬ħһ㣬ԽˣħʯϵĽƱԽ

ɫ԰ףָһһڽһƺѹȥ
ʬħѹȥʶָ糣ɬΪʲôΪʲôңΪʲô
Ҫ£Ϊʦ㡣
ȻǰһԾһ̧ʱԪһħʯȥ
¡һ죬ħʯһĽƣҲһ˲ǿ࣡
˴˶ţü֮ϣ۶ӡȻȫ֣һɿƲ裡
ӿһɲǣֻ𣬽ĺƣҲһ˲ɢˣ
ȫ֣ü۶ӡȻ֣Ůֻá֮ϣħʯϣѿһѺۣ
ʱھĹ棬˿⣬һӿϹԭأʯһ㣬˫ۣһҲ
۶ˣħʯ
̫ɫ䣬֮У˾֮ɫһ˲䣬ǿʲôµһ
Ҫȥħʯô졭ʦ֣ʦ֣
ؾ˼̫˴ȥһ̫˴ʱŻһɲǣϣ˱ǺľһΪҲҪֹ
һ˵ֻ꣬Ƹһ㣬ҧ⣬һھѪָһѪü֮ϡ
һɲǣΧʱѪӿѪ˲۳һѪӡһӡü֮ϡ
Աؾ˺ʹ亮˼ϧѪԪ֮ϸһ²ɫκΡκΣ
޿κΣҲֻҧ⣬̫ͬһѪԪ֮
±˼λ̫˷׷׶ѪԪ֮һ̶ˣͻȻһִͷĸо
֮֮ĸڣԪ̫飡
ֻһɲǣڳµľŮӡͬʱⷽԲڣѱ˵ʥͨϺƷҪһɣ
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һأ㲻֪´ˡ
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ħʯ٣΢˾Ҳһٲԥһ˲䣬ĹǱȥˣж磬Ҳһ磬ȥ
̫ǿ±ߵȡӡĹȣ
±ߵĳʱŷӦ̫ĳ̫ȥˣؾŹȵĳؾŹȥˣ亮ɽĳ亮ɽȥˡ
طֱһ̫ǡ̫ؾŹȵǡԪ顱亮ɽǡɽͼ
ĳȱʮħֻóӡĹˡ
˿̾ĹڱЩδȫԾѹŵص׵ħһĹȱĻصЩħƱس£
ݣ
ɫס˾Ĺȵķӡȴ΢˾;˾λϵˡ
˵˾ĹȣֹĹȱ±߻ĸ֣ҲȫӡĹȡ
ʱһӰ˳ȴˣʦͽˣ±˽һɱϢ£ǲҶˡ
΢˾ȴη壬һָŭմ´ҿպҪ½
ʼɽ䵭ǽ£Եеһк𡭡Թˣ˵գٶ˲ȥˡ
㡭
΢˾һָ£Ҳ˲ȥˣ˫ֽӡĹȽƷȥȹ̡
ʱֻѾһţ̫ؾŹȡ亮ɽطĳ϶ѾЯ˷ȥĹȣʣһڵ߲֪룬Լвطӡ̫ˡ
ջȥħʯⲻ֪뿪
̫˸ŭݣɱ֣Աؾ˺ʹ亮ɫҲüˣڼԭȴǰػģձ˽ˣҲȫˣ
һ˲䣬ϺȻӿһӡ֮ѹҪһ㣬ⷽԲѱ
ʦǣסô
ʶȻʱʱģһ̣ǻص˵꣬ʦͽˣɽ


1202 սʥ
󣡡
̫ٴһ£±ߵ㶣ţδ֮ˣһβ󷨡
ӿսޱȣ̫ɫأ֮˲Ϊ׼Ϊħʯ۶Ĺأƾ֮ǰˡ
Ŵ˿һ£ܿ죬Ѿɣ̫˵ʥͨѾȫˣûκһͻƿڡ
ʦͽˣվ°ɣ
ͻȻ̫һ빥˹ܸղʩչصͨҲľ޴󣬵ǰѪԪ֮ʱʵȻС

ʱɫ΢΢һףһ죬һԶһɽͷϣԼ£ɽͷγʮ⣬
̫˹ѽ֣ǰһ˲γһԪϣ䡱̫˵Ĺƣֵ档
̫˫һû뵽ھĹȴ۶֮ʱȻȹ²С˫ֿٽӡ͵رһָȥ
һָȿͣԱɽѵأ顱һӲǽһԪϻˡ
Ԫָ֮ٿȻһʥĹҲǿɲһչֻԭһӰȴ˲Ϣʮɿ⡣
һߣ亮ȴ׼ķλ˲䣬һɨ˹
ĪһСС䰵ǱѰɽʯڻ¡һתһ࿹ʱϺһӰЯɱһ͵Ϯ˹ȴؾˡ
һƣʮָͣʹԶԶˣеһҵϢ
飡
һ죬϶ʱӿȴֵס亮˵ķֳƣԪֵסؾ͵Ϯһơ
һĻԶ˶¶ɫȸ˷ӦּϽҫۣһѳķ
ֳֻ̫һ⽣һ͵سնһ˲ȴǼһѱ
һ̫һ˽һԾٴαܿҴ亮˺ؾ˵ĺϻ
̫Ҳһ¸ɾ룬ٿǰѱ̹ɽǵ֮Ǵ̨ϣֽ˽黹ˡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣֮ϣ̹תȻܷӳ˽ֻܹ֮֮ӳ
ٿ̫ˣʱǰ⽣أԲֹϷ֮Ž֣ʱҲȻеЩʹ
Ƭ̣漴ֳ˹ƣԶɽͷϣϥĿȻһϵʦ֪뾡ָʵ
ڴǰ΢˾׷ɱʱʱΪͻֻ֮һֱԿơ澳
׹У˳£ʧȥм䣬ڹźӴǶӣѵ֮ǰһֱѰҵġӹ桱
֪ΪΣȻе谭ʹԿƹ澳Ҳ֪һ˿谭ںδ
һɲǣԺ棬Ȼֳָ뿪Ļ棺졭
߷ݼݼһװ׷ףһ̣ͨͨӡԺ֮С
ԭȴһγ֮Եδȴ
Ҫɣƴ֮ˣȴ׳Ϊպħϡ
ԭˡ
һ˲䣬ָʲôһ˫ֽӡڵ֮һ⣬Ҳ𽥳ܡ
Զ̫ƼһĻһմͻΪֻǺϡ

ʧɲǣȻһ̫˶ȻѣؽһһȴǱеʮԶ
̫ˡԶ˽һ̫˵ϣֹˣ
ԥڵɽͷȥȻһʱʮʱ𣬽Ǿ赲ߣȴµķ
ɫһô࣬ǿƷϸһȥ֮ʱȴʮ˳ȥߣѪֹµķܹ׻Ƶģ
һֻ̣ת⣬Ϊһ壬̫˰ɫҲѿٹ˲ô࣬һһ㳯նȥ
һȥɱؾ˺ʹ亮סˣһѽƻɱâ˲䳯̫˷ȥ
̫һѾնǰɸܵ񽣣òתֵ

һ죬Χһ˫ס˳ȥ
ֻ̫սƵڽ֮ϣѽǰȴֵס
ѽ֮䣬̫˲ɵðһ˽֮Ϊ̫ǿǴ˽̫ǿ
ʧ֮ʣȻһɺӱ͸̫˶ȻһʱԱɺ⣬һ׹Ԩˣһˡ
㡭ȥ


1203 Ʒӡ
ˡ
̫ɫ䣬ʱȻȴѾˡ
ֻ֪ʱѾ񣬱κʱҪ£Ѫ飡
Գ֣ǲһ˿أʮƣƾƣ顱һһƴ̫֮ϡ
ۣ
ͻشʱ̫һѪ⵹˳ȥһĻԶЩˣŵĵѣ̫ˡ
ʦ֣
ؾ˺ʹ亮ɫһ䣬û뵽̫ʦ־ᱻ˵֮ء
˼æǰסֻһ°ɫĵۣʱѱѪȾ˴룬ոһƣʹȫ𣬾Ƥ⣬ҲһƬ
ۣ
̫һѪӿոȫֵˣȫûϵʱͻȻ֣һ˿ҲûС
ʥΪδʥ֮ˣ˵ʮƣںϹоͲɹһ˽£벻ˣûпܡ
̫ӡһƣֻϢ
ɫÿ£·һƣԶԶˣһ̶ϸܵһɿº⡣
̫˸ɫɷףؾ˺ʹ亮Ҳ벻̫ʦָղһĵֵ͵Ϯʥ֮һܹ˵ģ
Сӣʲô£ûʥɸղһƣ̫ʦ˵֮أֱ˼顭
˿̣ؾ˺ʹ亮ٿʱԶһ˿ͼɵǶԷǺµǿǸξξħ񣬾ƣ
ΡҲȥ
̫ɫɷףʱ񣬳һ˿ͼɵһɾȥľģ
䣬ֻ˫һ̧Ԫ޸ܴ壬ǲϧıԪ
Զ˶ʱĹǱֺȻһɾ𵴣̫ؾŹȡ亮ɽطס
ܵʱĹȴ춯λɫҪѿжѿʱĹǱʣѩϼ˪
Ǵ˿̣̫Ѿ˲ϾĹǱˣĹֶǿƷӡɽһʦͽ뿪ˣպҪסûκοܡ
οӵʵղѾʶˣδ̤ʥ֮УȴԷ֮شǵʥ֮һöԷӵʥǿߵʵʱֽΣ
뵽˴˾׹̶ΣǲϧһдۣҲҪԷ£
ת˲֮䣬ֹȥ֮ϣӿ
֪˶ãķӡѾɶˣԶЩˣҲ顣
ֻ̫ܿˣˣ˿ɫã̫ˣǿıԪĺʮء
ʱֻһ̫֮֮϶ȥΧͷĿѣԭְĺƣǲӿɢˡ
ˡ
̫һ䣬ʥͨµķأһƣʱҲסʦͽˡ
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̫һᣬ˫ֲסӡһ˲䣬һϷԭɶķӡٴȹ
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һ̣̫˾ػһ㣬۹֮òȥ±˶ŵɫɷףʱȴվԭزҶóȻǰ
ٿü֮һѪֻһţҲ쳣аţ
ֻþѹס۹½еɷǴ˿̣̫ʱǹɺ֮ȴѹסԽˣʬħڣԽ궯ѡ
üͷһ壬ָһϴȥһԪ۶Ԫܹڵʬħѹ
ӿʬħѹ֮ԥһ˲䣬ü֮ϣ۶ӡ֣漴⣬ֱȥ
䣡
һ죬ĺƱɢ̫˵ķӡɶһЩֻɫɷףȴڿ֧š
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̫ǰһشʱҪֿ۶ѩϼ˪Ѫӿ۶ڱǣѪһ°׵ۣҲѱѪȾ죬ȥֲ
պ䣬ŵò֪룬ۿ־֮ɫҲסλ̫˶ֵסŮӵķΣ
ʦ
ٿƮƮȫ֣һ̷ϹžŮЩǿĽƣʱ۶֮£細ɴһ㱡飬ֵס
Ǵ˿̣ȴܹԸо˶÷ѵûĺô
ΪʲôΪʲôţ㲻˵ʦͽԵѾôΪʲôջҪҡ
䣡
һ죬Ǿ֮ϣӡڱһѺۣʱ±ߣλ˵ͨӡƣЩˣһƶѾľһ㡣
̫ʦ֣
ؾ˺ʹ亮ȴɫȻһ䣬ֻ̫һ̣һѵľֻ˫ֲסӡһҺľȫѪԪҲ뿪
䣬ֻ̫ڣѪԪӿһѪ⣬ֱƼʣϵѺٴηӡˣ
ʦ֡
ؾ˺ʹ亮˽ǺȻһٿ̫ˣͻȻʧȥȫѪԪվȣЩӿ׹ȥ
̫ˡ
һĻ±λ̫ĳҲˣֻ̫ͷȥһ̣һصľ˵ȥ֮ۡ붫ɾ
ԣλ϶סˣһ̣˷Ӧ̫һͳǧ֮⡣
±ߵˣһĿɿڴǧδκһˣκա̫˾ɷ
Աؾ˺ʹ亮Ҳû뵽Ѿˣȥۣ֮붫ɾĵز


1204 ֮
Σȥ
̫ѪΪѪԪ˫ۣʱȥҲЩ죬ȿģЩҲסˣﻹƽһʥˣ
ʦ֡
ؾ˺ʹ亮˽΢΢һһѾ붫ɾĵزǻΣ
ɾԶۣ֮׺쳾֮£Ҳ±߸֮ķǣħǾͲһˡ
˿̣ؾ˺ʹ亮һξ棬ճֵǸħôɾȻܣһ˵ܣֻҲ
¡Ѿһô뿪ˣôξ濴һĻؽ桭
뵽˴ؾ˺ʹ亮Ҳԥ˲ӡһѪ𣬾Ǻ͸ղ̫һѪԪΪۡ
һĻ±Щˣһסˣλ̫ˣϧԪ
һɲǣ֮ϷӿԭѾ۶忪Ѻۣһ˲ӡסˡ
ȻҲߡ⽫µľħ
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һɽͷϣȥ˵ʱʶϿȥ԰ġ
ʦ
̧ͷϤһ˲䣬ֻص˵ɽ֮ۡ
ǸʱԼֻһ첻µزµ꣬ʦ۶Ҳ޷⿪ӡʱɱԼ
ʦǵʦһҲûб䣬ԼȴѲǵˡ

ͻȻ䣬һƺߣɫҲһףܷӦǰסˣ˵ʲôһ̣ͻȻԼѾǵɽǸˡ
޷ֻǸղţĹء
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û˵绺ӶߴȻüһҪǰֽһ㲻˶֣ǶɾĶ֡
ʦ
תʱЩ԰׵촽һɲǣǱʲôݺݴһ£ڣűԼô
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ֻҪʬħȫѣ̫˻̫ˣɾǱɾûһܵסԼ
ȻֻǶһССͷѣʬħ֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬ְס󣺡Ҫٶͷ
ʦ
ŻعҲһ亹Ŵʱʦŵӣһ˲䣬·ʲô
ӵ굽ڣʦԼ˵һħܱô˵һֱţΪԼħ
µģֻһ£ǾʬħԼϵʬħΨһµġ
ӽ㲻иղŵͷ
һһ䣬˵ʮ棬ګګص˵ͷԭʦҲкµĶô
佫⸽ˣѪԪĹأҲŲ˶ãΪʦԻָһЩԿɳƴ˷ӡ
һ˵ţһԪһɽͷΧһ磬漴ϥȥ
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һ죬һɲǣض·Щ˽ŵɫ޸ҳȥ֮ˡ
Ŵʱ𵴣۶Щ󷨣ܿѾɢ߽⡣
һ󷨱̶֮ģЩƺΰĹ¥ڴʱ£̮̳
̫ؾŹȡ亮ɽط̼Ŀȫǣ¥ĵһ
̫ɫһγϵķӡ߽ˣҲܵ˼شˣѪ׹ȥ
λˡ
±ߵĵӼλ̫׹һ̣Ƕ˻һԭأһҲҶ
ߡ
Ʒӡ֮ԣһȥȻһɳȥȴȻһ
ʦģ
ͣ
һ죬ʮָһָǵ͵ϮηСˣ
䣬һһӿȥ䡱һʱԶһɽͷ÷飬̳֮УֻһɫӰ


1205 
һغӰֳ֣գһ±øΪˣֻȫһɫ£ȫģ
ʱһ鹬̫΢΢һ˲ǶɾǺˣ
˭
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Ȼȴһ󣬿ǺˣξһƻԪôջһô
һԣ̫˽һξ˿˵ξѰ˯źξָ֮֮ʱһηΣʵ֮
вһغˣֻһԪǿд˵ξ˴ξȻû£ܽԷһƻ
ԭûѪɫӣһ¸ǲҰֽˣؿһأԼΪλڶԷˣԭԷʵԶֹڴˡ
Ҫ֪֮֮ʱΪܷͻƵĹؼڣҲʮΣգһΣֻʱһξѣǶЩɥֻΪһ
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λϼѪ̫ˣ۶ڱнѪȻľʶϵȥŮӣλء
һ˲˵ĹǱߣ΢;λʱȿڷӡˣո΢Ӧ߷ӡˣǻ¡
ԭˡ
žĹǱʱӡסˣ̫˿λϼ˲ᣬλ˻
á
亮˵˵ͷѪԪģˣ˵غˣһδ׼ʥˣܽɱˣڣǱ뾡˹˻ָ
У鹬ȥ̫ˣ˹ˣһɲǣ¶һɼصɱ⣬ʱȴסˡ
ֻҡҡͷĿ⣬ȻԶǸغϡ
סһ˲䣬Ҳ׹ˣս̫ɱˣôպ󶫻ɾһɣţ죬Ԫ򡭡
Ҳա
һ̣𽥱ԼĳǾ͵ԺԼʦԼڽɱΣҲֻǼٽ֣գһҪֱѪ𡭡
ڣ֮ǶԸǰͻȻֵغˣƺǳԼǳʦոʦ˵˴ξ֮У˱£
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һЦӽΪȰͽħʯλˣüɹǴ˳ȥһ˼ɡԼԲҪȴƫƫҪô㲻ϲɵͽ˰ɣ֮У˲֮
ƨҪʦף
ǰߵĻŭδע⵽Ǿ䡰֮СԪһۣһƳȥ״΢һɫҪ
Ǻǡ
һЦ֮ºȻһָֻֻ֣֣˳ûκһƣָһһ顱һòסȥ
ǿ
֮Ҳ΢΢һҺĸ壬ղóȻȥһ£˵Ѿˡ
俴ǺˣվһЩʦաٽ㼸ʽϸˡ䣬Ȼһâغ˷ȥ
䣡
һƶϣʱӿ±ߵ˸ǱѪһϣЩԭĹһ»Ϊ촷ۣ̫˶Щ÷ɳȥΧΪ͵ĳϻ
סһԾֻʦӰһģ֮䣬춼ʦӰӣǺӦӲϾ
飡
һ죬˱һƴؿڣ˳ȥ±̫˽һ˴󣬾Ȼǿ
Ǻǣ֮Ԫŵأ츳ǿˡ۶Ǻǡֻǣ۶ջʣ¼
˴˵Ȼδ䣬ȻֹһֻܺڣҲһ˲ǿ࣡
㣬ˡ
䵭Ҳ࣬һ︦ϣֵֽֽ˸ӡһʮӡɳ
飡
һ죬˵ĺӡһ˲䣬㱻ɢˣ䱾Ҳӡ˳ȥ
һΣ˲׷ȥһһʮָȥһָâǵشЦʮָ
ָ
ȻӲӣִ֮䣬˫ƣǰһԪ磬Ȼȴδֵܵסʮָ
顱һ˲䱻ƣ˱һָؿڣʱһƺߣָֻɲȴǽ󵹷˳ȥĵվҲվȡ
±ߣ̫˿һĻֲ¶˾ɫ·ʱźȻʶ֮ǰ˶֣ûҪȡˡʱԸغˣȴ˿δء
Ҳ˿¿ȫʦĶ֡תһ룬뵽ʲô˵Ȼ򲻹ʦˣΪֻһ䱾ء
Ǻǡе˼
һЦת˲֮䣬ѹϼҶ÷ӿ±ߵ˸УֻһһӰӷȥ
֪˶ãȻ䣬˹һ𣬾һ³˹ǲ֮Уȴ˿һɼĹӡ
ʶȻǺĹӡ󺰵ʦģ
ȻҲˣйӡĿģһԾͬʱ˲һӡ顱һǹӡ˻ȥ
䣿
Ƿǹӡʲôһ˲䣬øӱˣ²ǵˣһĹ䡭


1206 ʬħ
ˣ죬䡭
˵±ߵĲƹ棬̫Ȼһֲ˸տʼ˵ʲô֮Сʱ˻֣ô˶ħˣû뵽Ȼħˣǵˡ
죬䡭ʲô˼
̫Ȼ֪죬Ҳ֪Ĳ䣬ˣΪξĹ䣿ѵˣ
ǿߣȲܷµˣĿŵس֣
˵ʲôݡ
Ǻǡ
ֻǺɭɭһЦôһ¾ϳôϧˣǸղٿһ㣬Ҳ˿̣Ѿ˹ˡ
䡭
һɲǣȻʮֺˣǵˣԼϣʬħˡ
Լ⹫ճ࣬⼸ʮ⹫һֱѹŹ䣬ǵΪ˾Լ㡭
ѵǡ
ʱ±ߣ̫һ䣬Աߴ亮˷üʵʦ֣ôˡ
ֻ̫һغˣȫסˣʱ˿̣·ֻص˼ʮǰȪȡ
ѵǵǸӤˡ
ǰˣǵǸӤˣôһ
̫ȥ֮Уǲ˾֮ɫѵǵǸӤ
֮ӡ
ֲãֲһ񡭡͵ˣ˵񡭡
һ̣̫ƴסһ㣬Ա߶˼˹죬ؾüʵ̫ʦ֣ôˣ
ԣԡ
̫ͣûԱؾ˵ĻǶ˻һвظšԣһĻ
ʦ֣˵ʲôʲô
ؾ˺ʹ亮˸һĪˣһ̣̫ѹһŶ˵һ֮ӣˣǵӤˡ
˵ʲô
ؾ˺ʹ亮ҲڱɫЩŵȥǣǸӤ
ԣԡ
̫ͻȻ뵽ʲôҡͷҲþ亮˼ʵʦ֣˵ʲôԣﲻԣ
ԣԡ
̫ǲҡͷԭûѪɫӣһ¸Ӳ԰ˣ૵֮ӣξ濴ˣ˭硭ǵһģһ
˵ʲô
Ŵԣؾ˺ʹ亮ɫһ䣬ϣ֪˺£Ҳ֪˵ʲô
̫ɫɷףһ̧ͷξ濴ģһĻǣǷ˵硭û
һؾ˺ʹ亮˽һ˲׹˱Ԩ߷·ǸµҪɣɱƫƫҪΪħ
̫ʦ֣ǵ棿ؾ˵Ȼعٴصʵ
ңҲ֪
̫˲ҡͷɫɷ׵صܵģۿԲֻΪۣ˵ܻš
ʦ֣ҲֻŪˡ
ؾ˵̫Щңʱټᵽ֡
ʲôˣʲôˣ
ֻ̫ͻȻǼ˹һֵҲˣ桭ˣ⣬⸽û˰
ûˣܣո󣬳磬֪㣬ҳɱһΣҲɱһΣ
̫ͻȻǷһɢһѪ֣亮˼ƲæһǾͷʹƽϸ˵統Ѿˣˣһ
һ
̫ƽԱߣؾȴ̲סһ̾棬̫ʦֵߣҲһ֮ңѡ
һ̤ǱǷʥ֮ˣǵ꣬ȴˣ˼УΪֱ˻˵ڶڡ
Ҳ޹ѾеħϣֻҪһħϲ̤Ͷ
ʱУһעⶼغϣԸղûз±ߵ쳣
Ǻǡ
ֻɭɭһЦȻ֮䣬ֹ䣬һȻԪ˲䣬ȴͻȻɫһףһɲǣδԪ
ʦ
ɫһ䣬һ˲ȥһǺ˴ȥ䡱һһƾǺˡ
ץ֣һ±㿴ˣϣкһ
˻ȥʱǺѸٹ˲ô࣬Ԫٴߣһƴȥ¡һ˵ײ춯أ̳
ɣ
ڵʬħ춯һ˲ȥȻҪȴֻеﴦʹޱȣüϵ۶ӡʧˡ
ǺǣڳŲסô
ɭɭһЦǴӿʼڵһ̣δ䣬һ㹥˼ô࣬ƣһǿһƣ󣬾Ǻ˲ȥϣҲһ
ǡħ
±ߣؾ˺ʹ亮˽һξܵħȷʵʮơ
ɣ
ۼʬħҪѣһ˲ȥǿԪһưϣܵʱƾ֮ǿнڵʬħһѹ˻ȥ
ʦ
ʶ𽥻ָѣһɲǣغˣղװˣʱȴͻȻϮ˺޷ʦͽˣ顱һһشϡ
ۣ
һֻϣûκηһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ʦ
ͻȻ䣬һ㣬һƴǺ˸ϣ䡱һؽȥһɽͷײ÷飬ʱ̳
±ˣһĻˡ

ɫɷףҪֹȴȫ۲Ԫ
ֻ״˫𽥱Ѫ죬һҲѪǣһͷ׷ҲѪ졭
Ҫ
ʹ֮ɫʣȻղһ£ʬħͻȻ޷ƣѹֵ̫ˣԲŻһ±ҲΪʱû˷޷ټѹʬħˡ

һȣȻʧȥԣһ˲ֳǺ˳ȥ䡱һȭ˸ϣһȭ丹ˣֱۣҲȾѪ
±˶ˣ̫ˣϸûѪɫθһĻ

ֻ˫Ѫ죬ϵѪˣһ˲ֳȥסǺ˵ۣһ͡һӲ˺У·Ѫһ
Ҫ


1207 ִ
һ̣±Щ˶ˣǰһĻ⵽ʲô

ֻ˫Ѫ죬ȫѪ֣Ǻ˷ӦȻȭȥ
ûзӵʽֻ򵥵ȭȴֻ顱ֱӰȥȴ͹˳ͷð˳Ѫ죬¡
ѪȿֲһĻŵ±Щ˸ȫֹЩΪǳĳҲŵסˣǺһ⼸£ضѾشԪ
Ǻǡ
ֻѪȴɭɭЦʬħӦеֻǣڻ
ʬħ
±߹̫˽Ȼһͬʱȥ˫֮У¶˲ŵѵڣʬħѹڵ˿¡
Ǻ˿ȥѾ٣ֻһһǸղǼ£ȻشԪѵԪҲν

ȻͷһХһɿֲӿ˳ȥʬħȻʧأԶ±ߵӣһҲѪӿֹһЩ˵ˣֱӱɿѪ
ɣ
ɫһ䣬һɲǣƸۣʮѨϳһ˲䣬ü֮ϣֳ۶ӡ
ϧһУܶõȫ

ȫѪһ˲䣬ѷͷһ۶֮ʱӿȥһ۶ӡҲǿнʬħӡȥ

δѹʱʬħȴǿм۶ӡȥ
ɫȴԽԽ԰ףǿм۶ĵģԼԪ
û¡
۶ӡʬħѹȥϵѪɢͷѩһףҲָˣֻǵʱʦȴʱл
ʦ

һѪӿһ۶Ҳڣʬħȫӡס
ȴʧȥȫҲûκη֧һֻĵ׹ȥ
ʦ
һ죬סˣ˫ģҲʣΪʲôΪʲô

ʱصһ죬š
㵱Ҫȥȥһħ
㳡˵Ŀ⣬ϣֻǾһߵ±ϣͷҲعһ¡
վסЩУѾԽԽˣٲȻǡ˳߲Ҫȥұ֤ΪδҲ̫˽ˣΪʦͽ֮飬Ҫ²Σںεأأ
㳡ȻһƬã˵ӣҵΪ㣬ǡҲˣ֮ϣȻһнɣһգħȻ֣޷պضΪħ
֮ԽԽֱ˴λվ˲Űλ֮ˣͬʱʦȥʦϣܹȰ
ȻҲûϵ֣֮û뵽طȻдһţû뵽δ˸ң¶ԡһһ
̾һ±ϣıӰԼɡ
⡭
˶һΪʦѵʱ򶼻Ȱѵ񵱳һǡ
˱ȥ̾һȥˣԵΪԺ㼫ôƺԷˣǰյľɳƺ
һ̣ȥټĹ㳡һ˵ˮҲʦ
Ȼϣʦȥʦ֣ǡǡʦʱܵһУҪֵһ㣬ֻһ㣬Ǵ˿̣ʲôҲˡ
ħһ˳е
˵ãȴֻȵһ仰䣬ֻѻһâԶʷȥգ۱ʧƲ

˲ţջѡȥһ
һ˳еҵҪһˣʱγе£ȥʣһ±ü亮䡣

˳̾Ա໹棬ԵʮѣʦּȻʦȥˣֺι̾һ
˵Щ꣬ʱںɽչأ໹ʦܣʱһ壬ǰʦ˵ʲô
ʦһִѡ
໹治Ըԣ̼ǵõδΪʦʱһԼʱ˵ǰ

ʱյһ˶㶵ؿŰһĻûһ˵
һʦұ㡭
罫һͷ׷òסôˣδ˵㣬֮
ǡʦͽš
Ȼ䣬Ǻԭ˵ֿˣϵֱۣ˳
Ҹʦ˵Ҫʲô죡
Ȼһһɿֲ֮۶𣬵ڻƵ˲䣬ȴֺȻʧˣͬʱﴦһʹ
ġ
ٴվۼǺϮһ˲䣬Ȼֻݡмöʦͽ˹ȥȥ
һɲǣǲΣգ͵ػܣ⼸öƲۣʵֱԪ
ʲôˣ
ܿö󣬺Ŀһ±ס˺ʱֻԶһɽº棬һԽԽӰ
һɫԲ԰ףȥЩ˫ƺҲ㣬棬һˣһȸߣģ
ǵˡ
˵ĳ֣˽һǵİ֮Լδô̤֮ˣҽվȻ
ҲɽϿȥԶڻ֮ȸô֪Լˣ


1208 
˿ɽϵˣϵӣǲ룬ڻȪȳֹһöɱᡱҶӡ
ֻҪڻֳ֮öɱҶӣô֮޵ҲãħҲգŶӡ
ǣѾãԹߵֱǣ롢׻䡢ȸ
ߵһԲΪףΨһ졣
ڰǰһ֮󣬾Ҳûгֹɲڴݴ֮λȴ֪ΪΣǣôԶ
˿̣ǰеغˣȻҲϵò룬ȽŲ㣬ȴһ·ɽˮˣͲ£زȥô
ĶţЦ֮ϸ£֪мʤ㡣
šջ
䣬룬ǴЦ²ڴˣǴҲʹȻԹˡ
¡ȡ
һ䣬ɱȻǿ࣬δ䣬ֱ
ȻǰˣʱȻС˵ȴһΣһ±˳ȥ
䡱һȻȴֻǴɽͷ飬˿δ˵֡
һֻ̣˫һƣͬʯϴȥͬʽȴֱܲ棬䡱һײʱƲɢ±ߵ޲Ϊ֮һˣϾоɫ¶
ߣǣҲˡ
һߣת˲֮䣬ֹһΣֻһ̧·Ȼâɷɷɷһ볯նȥ
ɫնһΣַڰж硣
ʽҲʮּ򵥣ÿÿһָһâɳǺ˵Ľһ
˶ۻң̫ˣʱϾоɫ¶仼ȼµΣȴ⺮ӲޱȣͬʱСƵľܻΣټΪʹΣνж磬˿谭ǳܼ
ʱ˿̣̫ˣһʱҲԿΪѾﵽ˺εȾ硭
һߣ䲻֪Ϊǵ˻һδ´˵ز˾˼ˣٲԥ˳ȥ
˼ߣ˲ָһָ˹ȥȻȴͬһ˲䷢ָضˡ
뿪
ʱ±ߣ̫˼ߣһ̣ٲô࣬һ˲׷ȥȻδ׷һӰȴͻȻȸ
ȸ裬̫˵ʱһȻʱشԪˣδػܴùȥǰԼһ֮ڣ뿪֮лδȴΥԼǰˡ
Ρ
ȸ鵭ȻԵ˿⣬̫һ±øӺˣԭˣǺ죬ţѾйһˡ
ǡ
ȸһЦô˵ˣ˾ͺá
㡭
̫һָʱӰȴؾ˺ʹ亮ˡ
ʥΪԪˣΪ˾ųɣǼһ𣬴Ҳֻܸȸƽ֡
̫˪ǿȥ׷һ򲻿ǻصţס
ؾ˺ʹ亮꣬Ҫȴһɲǣֻȸ˫һҾһ˲仯һģһķ
̫ˣҲɫһ䣬ķ֮
λ˲뿪һߣҾͽɱȮѪȾȸ˵һ
ȸһЦǰ˵
㡭
̫һָȻ˿̣ȴ֪⻰ΣˣˣԪΨ΢˾;˾˻ЩʵˣҪӡĹȣܹ
ʲôң
ȸ˫ǰ֮ˣ׼ħ֮ôȸǡǡǸˣɱˣҪ𣿡
һߣǺս⣬ʵСĽͬʱȸһȸ֮²ɴ⣬Ҫˡ

˵뿪һ·УɫԽԽ԰ףҲԽԽ΢գȥ
ʦһֽסһɲǣе壬

ڣվһ仰Ҳ˵ˣţĹˣ׷һƫƧɽС
֪˶ãĺɫߵƣǦһأͻȻͣﴫһƺߣűһѪӿ
ȻΪʬħҲɵòᣬϸղһ·۹ʱͷĿѣ涫ϱˡ
¡
һ𣬽ű㣬ɽ룬ɣɽ·ˡ
һѵǰȥѪ˳ǲ£̹ǵ꣬һ𡭡
¡
̹ǣɽ纮겻ͣҪʦͽˣû谵ĺɫ
ԽԽ·ԽԽ裬ȻһˤȥУҲ˳ȥ
±һ͵ɽ£ǰһˣصˮסˡ
ʦ
ţǴɽϣֱȫˮԽԽ壬Ҳɽ»ȥץס±ߵŵȹ̡
¡
ԽԽ꣬ҲҪʦͽûԽԽȻץٽɶԷ󣬻һһ㣬˳ȥ

һХץֻ֣ѾѪԽԽɽ£滬ˡ
һ𷭹ȥ֮У֣סĿڱǣ˾ţɽ淭ȥ֪棬


1209 Ϲš
ʦ
ķ磬꣬бĴϣʶҲԽԽģˣ˫֣ȴȻţһҲɿ

ʶʱʱģ˾һɽȥǰⲻ

ϹʱڣԼǧ꣬ɽ磬ٻȣ֮ӡ
ֻ񣬺ôĵӣ֪ʲôطҲҺҴ
ءŶֻ·ˣҽоŶأô󣬾ֻһ˭
ңǰٻ֮񡭡ˣΪۡ
ۣԭ񰡣ֲһסôĵطǣһסµ𡭡
µʮˣ˵Ĺµָʲô
㡭㶼ʮ˰Ǻһ
úˣ߰ɣ´βҪٵҴˣٲٻУҿɾȲˡ
֪һξŶϵ·ˡ


ôˣ
Ŷϴβ˵Ѿǵ·ˣϴθ˵ǰٻ֮İٻ𣿡
Ȼ㿴еĻǧǿл
Ƿ䡭أ
ˡ˵վ̫ݣ򲻹꣬ϲ֮ǡ
Ŷ㲻ֻҪʩչһ·Ϳ÷˳𣿲ȻĻǶǴһ֪Լ
һֻСС񣬶ʲô߰ɡ
Ŷ𣿿ոգΪʲôҪ̾

񣬽ôˣ㡭ˣԣϲʲôó
㡭
ǡ㣬㾹Ȼ
ŶŶʵûߣңҶڻԺ棬̾ˣ˵Ҳٻһ㣬㣬ǸöáԣԾŶȥ͵ȥժժ㱾ô㽫ȥһ˾ͿԳˣ
㶮ʲôϲʹȻкˮߡɺκ˽ԲܸԤԽˣԽǼǿϢأΪ֮鳤
ءôʲôŶֻǼ̾Բȥ͵ߵʱ򻹱ʹľˣ㻹ңء
㡭֪֪δ˴ˣеʮöӣǧ귽һ죬ѵȺǧŰ꣬в꣬ӱˣȴ
ءŶֲ֪ء
㡭ӽ㲻뿪ٻһ
㣬ΪʲôҪҹ㡭ҳȥ㲻Ҫ͵ȥء

λ񽫣пٻȣ
ǰЩգɿһֻ
ŶֻڱڹС
˵ʲôããںδȥ

ôˣۿ֪񵨴죬Ȼŭ콫
ҵͽ
˵ʲôۣ㡭
ȥġ
㡭㣡

ۿҪˣССȻԣΪ飬ܹΣһԲ֪Ҫȥ٣ؽѣΪٻ֮һȰ£С˾ȥ˵˵֮£޹أ̰ŷ
Ƿ飬ΪҶ
㡭ۣһ䣬οΪһִֻţССһֻҲˣÿ½ﲻ֪Ҫȥ٣ȴһòؽѣѵҪһӴ˱·䣿
ˡҵҲȥ˵ġϲ
㡭

ʦûΪʦɣ
Ȼ
̫
ŶӽΪʦҪʫ֣ÿһ㶼Ҫúѧ
ǾŶʦȥ棬ȥԺóԵģϲ黭Ҳϲд֡
СŶסѾһֻˣˣ㲻ǰһӡ
ǺðɣʦĻ
ʩˡ˵ŶϲԵĶԺҲҪøʦˡ
మˣ˵ŶҪÿ춼Եñģǰϧӡ
ޣѡȼӣƺϲ˵ŶÿοʦóԵˣܸô

ʦʦЩʫҶᱳҲЩŶѧ
Ϊʦաȣȿȣ
ʦôˡʦΪʲôΪʲôͷһô¡
ŶΪʦ˵
ҲҲŶʦ˵
ȣȿȡ

ȻȥʦҡУҪȥ
Ŷ
ΪʲôƾʲôûʦǿƾʲôҪȥʦ񣬾Ϊɽ֮ôҲ
ءǾŶʦء
Ŷȿȡʦ˵۲ȥҵңҲ
ôܡʦƭңʦɽ񣬳ôܻͷһҲţҲš
ŶҪ֪оʱûʲô㲻ģȻҲһ졭
ҪأҲҪҲҪʦȥҲҪ
ǧ꣬ұֻΪһ˰ɣϣʱԽ̷֮ǱøǿԿħ
ءʦҪŶˡ
ɵŶʱŶҲһ˰ɡ
أŶԶҪ󡭡

ʦҪʦҪأǾŶʦŶȥۣǾŶߵģʦûйϵ
ŶΪʦ˵Ŷ
ءŶʦĻŶҲƤˡ
زʣΪۻСǣȴǼǿˮߣɺ޷Ǵܣһ죬ǻΪ֮飬Ϣ
һ죬ʦȴˣءұн䣬ŶҲһҵʦһŶʦ
ɵŶ
ʦ⡭
ʦķʮöӶˣŶ㽫Ӻ¡
ҲҪ
ʦĻֻзŶӵСȫķΪ񡣡



Ŷ
ʦҡҡϵëûˡ
Ŷסӽ֣Ů
Ů
ΪΨһģǱǣǡūǣŶҪסӽǾŮҪá˼䣬顣
ʦʦ

꣬ԽԽˣҹĻɽҰ֮У˼ຮ
ʦʦ
Ѫˮһ˫ȴȻȻԷȴû˺ûʹǸղ׹ʱҲƴһ˿ס

һХصɽȡ


1210 ֮
û˵ϵˣǰԽԽڣʹʧȥʶǰһ̣˫ҲȻţѱ塣
ҹĻһӰԽԽԽԽ
ણણડ
ԽԽĽŲĺɫµһӰǰϵһģһֺ
ͬһ£ͬͬϵѾˣվȻˮʧ޺ۡ
ԭմȥĹȾٳս̫ˣԼִսˣֱȥһֻһѡ
޳ɡһ塱һɵģԶ̫ˣǸ֮ˡ
һڱˮ̨ԷȴܹϢξǸʱ֪ˣˣо֮£֮УѲ
ˣ˱ı
Դһʼġ塱Ȼ塱ֻǷɡһ塱Ѱ֮ɱȣԡ塱ȫʶ塱Ҳ
ȻֻǷǴӽĹȣٵֱȥͬĸܣΪⱾ

꽥Сˣȥḧ԰׵գսᱧһ˲仯һâȥˡ

֪˶ãת˹Ժŵһɵ㣬һƣǳǳ硣
ؾţʮ̨࣬һȾ͸ɴббսС
⣬ǡ
۾ǰһУϤǵ꣬ĳһ峿
Ĳã͵һһ㶼ûб仯
ʦ֣ʦ֣̫ɹƨ㻹𴲡
ʱȻһŮһʱֻЩԺô£Լôֻص壬һͷ׷Ҳʮʱ
ʦ֣㵽ûаһʦķ
ʦķô¡
һֻ̣еͷǦӴ·ȥţŵһ˲䣬ȻЩۡ

ֻǰվһŮŮһȹѩʮ϶ˣʱֲֻϣ΢΢ǰ㣬һ˫ˮ۾һˣ
ˮ
Щͣˮֵؿι㵽ôһ磬ʲôأʦء
ȵȡʦû𡭡
ʦ֣˵ʲôʦúõģȻûˡԣǲǷˣûзհ
ˮǱȥʱһĻһĻһһݣʲôûб䣬ʱһģһ⵽ô¡
ӸеЩѵ𣿿ΪδǰЩ飬ΣһΡ
ʦ֣Ҹ˵꣬Żˣǧôʱôùʦ֣Ҫù
˵ʲôŻ䣬ΪʲôҪǧѴǰ请𡭡
ʲô
ˮһͣסˣһֵؿʦ֣㵽˵ʲôǧЩ꣬ˣΪʦ
ô¡Щˣǧѣˡ
ǰѾɱˣˣ飡
ʲô
ˮһͷӣʦ֣㵽˵ʲôôˣ˵ЩͿĻ
ҡ
ȻֻеؿһƣԣԣȫߵˣﵽʲôطξʵﵽʲôطգѵǺս磡
ʦ֣ȥİȵҡιʦ֣ȵҰ
Ҳˣϴˡ
¼ɣжãվԭ磬Ҫȥʦδ롭
ϣ±ӿóȻȥҲҪ
ʦ֣ʲôΣգҪȥʦ֡
ʦδ룬ҡ
һԾһȥ׹ȥʱһ±ʧȥ֪
ʦ֡ʦ֣ˣ
棬㵭⾲ڴ̨ϣгһŮˮ
ۣǰһУϤô£ôֻص
Ĳã뿪ʱһжķԭλãǵ꣬Ҵ뿪δϵ鼮
ʦ֣㣬㻹ǵңˮ
ˮ
ǰŮʱ˿̣ѵԼԸ𡭡
ʦˣʦ죬ʦѾ˯ʮʱˡ
ʦ
Ժļ䣬һĻĻԺ֮УʱнŲ߽ˮһվʦˡ
ˮȳȥ
洫ˮš˵ͷٿһۣ漴ȥˡ
Ƭ̺˽Ӵʦ
оЩ𣿡
УӴһҲûˣգѵ
ʦ㡭
û¡
ҡҡͷһ⿴ȥһΣΣ벻ôˣԼ
Σȴһѡ

ͻȻ䣬еĿһʹʹƣǡδ֮ĸӦ
֪Ǵʲôʱʼģδ֮䣬ʱܲһЩ΢ĸӦһɲǣȻ뵽һ죬ǹûɵʹδ룡
δ
һתһǰʦ飬Щţãż˵ͷء
ء
һ˲䣬ˣΪʲôʦͻȻԼԭδ롭ţţܻڣ

طϣŸɵˣջû뿪ع㳡棬һͥԺ֮УºҲδ뿪
ϣ
ˣº̴Ժ˳ɫЩȻ

µУˮͥԺ濴ȥߡ
Ǿš
һһͥԺȥȻʱ˿̣ȴƹǦһÿǰһֶǧ֮


1211 ѩ׷
棬δ뾲ڴ棬·ֻ˯ˣ˯˹ȥ
δ롭
һ̣ĽŲƸӳˣһǰḧϡ
ɵΪʲôҪţ֪ǶҪɱ㡣
УǧѵҪڣȥЩɱһɶ
ϡ
ãֻƿţ˽վһؿ
һվ˵𰣬㽫վϸ˵
һա£㽫һյȫ˵
طȣ󡭡
ָнһɺ֮ɵʱĻδ룬Ҳɢˡ
ˣӴ˿Է¶ƫδգһö򶾵кβɡ
һľһδһɻħԹʹ䲻޷
һУɵôգһҲҶա
ֲһ죬ħʯ£еһʹδΪ򶾵
һһ˭ôġ
ָҲɬ˵£Һθɣοңδңǵ£ҿаֹϵΪʲôΪʲô㶼˵һΪʲôҪȥ˵ʲô
ϡ
վһԣֻ۾Ҳˣ˵ʵһֱ⣬ϲЩ˵ħˡ˵ˣƫ̫ء
ˣǡ
˫ͨ죬Цһ˵ħһħ˵һ񡭡
ϡ
ʱӣܣȴ֪αֻЩˣضȥˡ
Ǿǵš
δӴϱ𣺡δ룬ҴȥһΣҿ˭

ʱ㳡ϣȻٵˣڲͣŹڵȻ£˼λڸ̨ϣʱҲü
һΣӽȻϣ;֪ҲȰЩħ֮˸аҪǣ֮
֮Ҫġ
ˣ쿴ˣ
ֻŻδ룬ӹ㳡˳¸ԴʱЩɣȻ
һ㳡Ҳ𽥱ṇ̃ԭȻ۲ˣʱź߽һҲ
ʲô˱䣿ʱ񣬻ϵĺ⣿
˶һ̷·׹˺ԨղŻĵҪ콻֮Ȼʱ£˶ưһû˸ҿڡ
㿴ңҿ㣬˴˵ɫȥڣԼȴֲվڡ
̨֮ϣλҲüθŸɵ˾Ųߣλܿʲô
޷Ҫ֮˵ҲΪԼ棬Դ˿̣λǾȥڵģ˭Ҫ֮еԼȥڣҪָǳͷ
˿̣Żδ룬һ㳡ɽķȥХϾƮ˰ѩ
ڣ˰ɡ
ȻͣĻХķѩҪ˶ס
˶̲ס˸Ҳû˸ȥĻǰģҪΣȻ浱ˣǿŵĻδ룬Ҳվ˵һ¾ˡ
һգԸ򶾵ڳģҲû˭Լѡˣһһ룬һ¡
ǡ
ֻ۾ͨ죬ЦһҲǷϻҪ죬ĳʱλ
⡭
ӲĻ˾һ㵣ûа취ֻ̨棬˼λȥ
Ȼ˼λڸ̨ϣȴֻ۱ֻۣȫȻδδƽһϲϣʱ򶼱۾ȥɵˡ
£𰡭ߡȥЩˣŻδ룬һ㳡ȥ

ʱطȹվ˳˶Ϣ񣬽ȥ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
һ̣Ҳͣ󿪿ڣȵ߷֮һ죬ĳȥݻ㣬䱾ɱ㡭˵꣬ȥˡ
ڳˣ˵˶΢΢һס˺֮طȵĵΪ桱Ϊɲ⣬˵Ѿʥˡ
ֻǵδԽΪߵˣԽǻܵĳεԼһʱˣεԼҲ˵ǿ߷׷һʱ
һ˵԰ݻ֮ѵǡ
˫Ŀ΢ȥıӰԭҪ˵ĻʱҲ˵ˣȴһ˿ɱ⡣
һ̣û˵û˸ȥ㳡ıϣһƬƬѩļϡ
δ룬㿴ѩˡһǵ˵е飬ˣǾҲķˣȥ̽ģȥ䣬䡭
İѩ׷ף˶ĬԶ̨ǱߣߡѡˮˣҲֻǾؿ
Щ˶Ǳ֮˭˳жȴѩ֮У𽥱紵۾

ʦ
ֻһӸ̨һ죬һâȥһѱɫĽԡ
޹޹ߣΪа󡭡ѽ߰ɡ
㳡ϣ˶Ϲ񽣣вĳ֮񡭡
𰿴һѷŵĹŽϵĵ۹½ɷ̫أɱҲ̫أÿһΣܽɷɡ
ĽܹƵ۹µɷ㲻ס۹µɷҲܼ۹ɷӣԭȫ


1212 ɾ
޹ߣΪа󡭡
˿ߣѽŵı֮࣬ˣΪ޽ȥԷˣΪɡ
һѽͨĽսӰ˵ԣ˸ɱɱԡ
ԹСˡһ˵ԣвؽǣΪаʱһã֮ԣҲױʴ
֪˿۹½Ϲŵһаа֮аɷʴˣÿһĽնĶˡ
ǣֻǲյĵصף۹µʱ򣬷·һ̣ѽӴ˾ͽ˲֮Ե
ҹдһ˿˿֮Уͨ·˹ֳĹ¶ᣬΨһˡ
Ϊ۹´ǳ꣬յĵص״ġ
۹̫ŵһаǲ֮Ѫ֮ɱ¾֮֮Ǳ޲ϣʬѪɺӣȻЩȴ˶Ե۹µƫˣƫ
뽣˾ơ
ʦøԼס۹µɷԼʱ̼ǵã޹ߣΪа󡭡
޹۹ɷʦ뷨Ҫһ˸һ㡣
лʦ
շתֻ꣬صߣʱϷġ֮ΥĹѡ
̼ǵõһνʱʱֻһСС꣬˵ҹߣ¡
ʱİѩƮ䣬һһ㣬ҲȾ˵걳˿
ʦ֣
ˮ̲סֻ۾ģ֪꣬Լԭһʦֵʱδıʦ֣Ҳƽ˲֮Ե
ԺΣҲʱμδʦ֣ĳʵһֻǲ֪ΪΣֻҪôǸξ棬һֻ
Ǻ͵͵˳ȥҪȥѰʦ֣һɽһʼȴ֪ߵˣԼһֱѰҵʦ֡
ʦ֡
˿̣ˮ۾ģԵһμһʮرĸоÿÿ뵽ξ棬Լһֻ
ˮҪʦĻ
عͷһۣգȴٶԣ˫һ㣬Żδɽ·ȥܿ죬ʧĴѩ
ʦ֣
صɽ֮䣬ֱãɢ

Żδˣ˵澳һغȥ󣬲ȸȻҲˣȴգʧأϺ͵Ƕˣ̫˸ܴء
Ͼ̺ʵʱǼҲǲܵģһԪˣȴ⣬£úҲȻ澳Ȼ󲨡
Ͼ澳ԪĹϵһ΢˫ԼȻҲ෸һΣȴ֮һ֣ţ˵Ĵ
ĸ֣һαؽ澳һ֮ħʯشλ̫ˣݹ䣬кˣ
գ˵Ҳңɽ飬̮Ƴôδй˵˥֮
˽ʱõƣɢȥڶʣֻһӿն˲Ϣ
һĵһɳȻؼ䣬໹˵ĵӣʱ֮һ֣崺磬ήߣǾΪ֮һ
ǣǡ
̧ͷȥһ̣סˣֻһ⻯ˣһ˰»ڣ٣ü֮䣬ֱ䣬ţ֣Ǻ쳾֮⣬ʳ˼̻
˶סˣ벻侹˳ӡ
ƮƮȾ˳ȻеһһȴԻǾգУ˷ɾ֮ˣ
ԵŮӣͬһѩ覣ȫ£֣һ㵭»⣬ŮӣҲ˳ˮü¡ɡ
һʱ䣬в˶ôˣӣǱˣۣ֮ǧӲĶɾԱߵŮӣĶͽܣƻӡ
ɾ
±ߣ̫˾һ㶣û뵽ɾȻˡ
ʵһգֻ̫鼱֮£ʵڱˣȥ붫ɾʱûбϣ侲ȫû뵽ԷȻˡ
λˡ
ɾʣ±ˣ΢΢˵ͷȻΪı֣֮ϣǴʱȴްư
£ֻ̧һһ󻪹⣬ʱǵ㣬ķɢȥ
ķ£Щԭɽ壬ȻٻָԭЩ۶ϵľİٻ»ָ
⡭
һĻ˸ǲţܱɽ»ָԭЩĹ¥ȥ󷨣һڷ£Ȼٻָԭӡ
֮ˣ˿ԡǵ֮£ϵˣȻҲٻָˡ
Ŵ˿̣ػ̫Уңлɾ
ɾ֮£Ѿ֪ˣҵǣĹȷӡħûдֺֻ
̫˳һ̾ȥħʯᡭɾ㿴
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⡭
һ˵ؾ벻ףƫ̻ˣȥħʯ˴ֻա
ɾҲգĹûħʯӡؽλ˴ҹȥ£ֻܷשƬ֮
ãá
̫ͷѷ޿أȥţ׷֮Σ
֮취׷סĹȣĹȲֻľĹȣǵصʮ˲㣬Ƿӡħ
ûħʯǧǰЩǰϷӡĶħȫ˳ֻ澳Ϳ̿
˿ھĹȣ죬Ȼѹ֮£Ĺ𵴲ǹȿ֮ħ죬ȿֲǧδйЩӡĳϣŵɫɷס
΢˾;˾λ㾡˵ȫҲѳ׷סĹȣ²Ӱˣħ岻ǵصħǿ±ʮ΢˾;˾ûħʯҲܷӡס
ڽ֮ʱֻȿڴħѾӿ˶ŵȥʱȴȻ£һ½Щħ˻ȥ
ţʮӡһһķӡܿĹֹͣ𵴡
˾һ̧ͷȥֻϣɾƮƮ˷ƾһˣܷӡĹȡ
һĻ̫Ҳ㰲ˣʼյľĹȻ䣬ˡ
˸ոսķ֮ʱĹ·Եʮ˲㣬յĵصףһħʶ
Ϊϵ͵ĵһ»ûܷӦڳĳȴɫ̫ˣɫ䣬һħʶ˶ȥֱ嶫ɾȥ


1213 ɽ紫˵
졣
ҽʥҩʥλǰҲûа취𡭡
棬ҽʥˮҩʥλü
ʱ򣬾㻨δ֮õĳ˯ٻͺһΣͺûˡ
ãˮ̲̾һ˵ʱұ㿴ˣڳˡȴû뵽Ǵ˵֮е֮壬֮壬ʮֺһȷ֮壬лʮģ֮壬Ϊ壬ʵλڵġ
Ŵԣüδ뾿ʲôˣûȥʣ֪δѰ֮ˡ
ֵ򶾵ȷʵнҩ޽ⷨʥ֮˷´˶ûڡˣ뺮֣δصûκνⷨƫƫȴ֮壬ٱ޶࣬ڴʱ򶾵һء
˵˴̾һŴ棬˯Ļδ룬ҡҡͷʲôҲ˵ˡ
˵һΣҩʥҽʥλǰҲ޷𡭡ϣȾһ˪㲡
Щֹû˰취ҽʥҩʥλҲȫ޲ߣĪ䣬Ҳܹ𡭡

̾ҡͷʱδɥһΣȴе
ҩʥҩʥӽ𣬰ҩʥˡֻҡͷ̾һСҲȲһʥ֡
һ±Щ˵İˣһˮֺȻҲȫȻûа취ˡ
ŴԣԵñҪţȥʲô취
ȴˮͻȻüԥʲô״ʵҽʥǰ˵޷
ɽ硣
˼ãգˮֵ̽˳
ɽ硭
һأҲɵһ㶣ˣ˹ɽ磬δ⡭
üһǿϣ˵ǰ˵һЩ
ˮ룬˵ɽɽһƬɽ磬˼䷲硭
˵˴תͷֻɽһƬԪŵСҸݼأɽȻɽϢɽϢǧܹ꣬۳ɽ¶дţһɽ¶޳֮Ӵ˰ٲȾ꣬ʥһɽ¶ֱ𻯳ɡ
˴Ҳȫˣһƣܹɽ¶˵ܹ
ˮֵɽ¶ȷʵʷ֮У޻̸֮ĻҲʷɴ˿ɽ¶ȷʵ֮

һʵɽ磬βܽ룿
۵Ҫɽ磬һÿЩ꣬ɽ֮϶һΣ˵ֻҪɽ֮϶ˣ˱㶼ܹ롣
˵˴ˮֽŵҪɽ֮϶꣬£ɽ֮϶ˡɽ籩һЩɽ籩ûĿܡ
ֵÿһɽ֮϶ʱ澳֯湲֧ͬɽ֮϶һС˽У֧ɽ֮϶Ļһʼûܹȥÿνɽʮޡ
ˮ̵꣬㸸籾˽ɽ˭ϵᷢЩ¡˴̾
۵Ϸֻۣ֮˽ɽʸ񣬻㲻õϴηͻȻֱʣ涼ţֻ㡢ǧѡζȥ˵ھ죬ˣԱ̭˵в

ˮͻȻĻۿôˣ֮ǰ⣬˭Ҳû뵽ҵգȷʵֻ˵Ͼ졭
ûǡ
˴ˮ̺Ȼü˵Ǵ˵вǡ飬жٸǶܻˡ
⡭
һ£ϸһ룬ȷʵô£˵˿ǴڶζˡζǶɾ֮ͽδĽӰˣǳһ˭ᷴأϴη죬ֳɹȥ˵ھ죬һõ˳ˡ
üɽ¶ΨһܹδģҲҪȥɽ磬ɽȥζ
ûзһε飬ܹȥڷ£ȥ
ûпܣɽ֮϶֮ʱǿн룿
ǿн룿
һʣһ£漴ЩԾЦЦ㻹뷨ɣ֪ɽ֮϶ǰ󣬻жٸһΣеϵʥǿ߳֡ҪǿܻûȥѾҷˡ
֮һüûǿǲܵģȥռ⹫ûпء
˼ãǴȥռҵͷһռң⹫ҲУ⹫棬Ҳõһ
Ҫɽ磬ЩˣŲٶԶɾΪףΪǻὫ㣬ζ𣿶ңûζҲܻὫ㡭
ʱ⴫һŮӵȴ˽
ˮȥͷ溹ˣѾˣܶˣͲɽ磬󣬸Ӳˡ
ЦһûʲôƽԣǷ죬ҲֻݳϷˡ
üǻ֮أ֮ǣӦûɡ
ˮҡҡͷ֮𲻱ϣû
ѩأ
üͷһ壬ѵô澳ԼõĵطһҲû
ˮͬҡҡͷ̾ѩһҲڶˣȥȡ
ֻһط
ͻȻˮ̵ɫôδйأ溺ȥͬʱʵʲôط
ʴ֮ءԱߵĲۣȴһ½ĸ˵˳飬Ҳúˮһˡ
ʴ֮ء
ˮ̵˵ͷɫصؿ˵ʴ֮أ澳Ϊյĵط֮һչŶһƬЩطͬǣʴ֮ǹƽģ˭ҲԺδʴ֮أЩûãΨһֻܿԼʵܵõǵϿɣһʵΪĵطҲ㸸ףҪȥȴδȥĵط


1214 ǧ˪
ʴ֮ء
̼ǵãһֵʱѩɽع۸ģ길״ĸףҪȥʴ֮أȴδȥڻ֮¡
ʴ֮ŶµһƬݱ䣬ս澳Ϊ֮أвһʴ֮ءĸ֣׹Ԩĺ䡣
ˣܹɹʴ֮صģҲнȥ֮󣬻ܻųġ
֪طգȵȥħڣ١
˿ֻ̣˫üú˵Ҫ˳ȥɽ磬»ֻȥʴ֮أõʴ֮صһˣеա
˵˴̧ͷʴ֮أ߼ȥʲôգЩЩҺͺҲ
ŴԣԱ溳ĬҲ˼ã̧ͷʵڹɽ磬λǰ֪٣
һʣˮ̶һۣ˵ʵںǰҪɽ磬ûô鷳ɽЩ֧ɽ֮϶ԽԽˣԽɽҲԽԽ̡
˴ˮֽŵںǰʱʵɽŲ٣񣬶ûһ˴ǰһλ̫ˣഫΪԶλ̫֮ϣϣֵ˺εȵز󡭡
Ϊʲô˳ɫһʵĪʲôգⲻ⣿

ҡҡͷ˵нɽˣ棬ˣĻҲϨ𣬵񣬲δж棬Ҳ²⣬ɽŨԶһ꣬꣬ʮ꣬Щ˲Ըˡ
˵˴ּͣͣɽ粢Ƿ磬ɣֱӷ磬ˣмٻطأ
ˮ̽ŵֻߣǱʲôסˣ˲ھʲôϹɽܣŶܣЩ޴֪ˡ
֮һ˳˼ӣɽҲʲôѰ֮أŵܣֻҲ١

һ̣ͥԺӳµδ뻨һһ㣬˪̨ס
棬һڴϣδÿ˯һһΣҲֻ˯ˡ
ˣӴ˿Է¶ƫδգһö򶾵кβɡ
һľһ
¹Ӵ⣬˽˪һ⿴ȥ𽣬ˡ
ϡ
Ѿ˺ܾãֻǼһڷ棬ҲδȥţֱʱԷԼ˽ȥ
⼸ܹԿϣȾһһķ˪㲣ǰˡ
׺
ʵȻЩ죬ȫ˼δϣȻ׺
ǰҽһЩ֮ոˣѾ˯ˡ
ߵͥԺֻ¹֮£ͥԺ仨׷ףʱδ빬ĻǿãڷһͥԺĻȻ׷Ʈˡ
Щδ뻨ǻδֲģǰϲˣ뿪󣬾Щʼˡ
һɲǣ̧ͷϵıӰͥԺ׷Ʈδ뻨¹ϣһ̣·˴ͷİ׷ǰ׷ǧ˪
ϡ
ȻһƸУʱ˿ȴ֪ΪΣͥԺ仨ͷİ׷ͻȻеһԵۡ
һ̤ص¹仨ߵͥԺ棬󣬾
𽣬գҪչأ㣬ȥһط
ϡҪȥģ
澳֮أиطźӴ塣
תȡһöͬĽᣬȥѴһһŮӡ
ϡ
ͬĽᣬͷյ˵ͷãһ쵽
⡣
תȥϣããƺ˵иԣԴ󻢣ҵ֮ˣַ֮£ɱ
ǡ

ڶգȥħ£·ˮ̶Ȼܳһֻɫԣˮϡ
塭
̼ǵõջδ뿪죬ȥŵʱһֱں棬Ҳϻȥ
䲻ȴʮͨԣʱһţͨһ̶ˮȥʮɸߵˮ
Ҳ֪𡭡ˣ˺Կ
һɲǣȻԵˣ漴ת߽ħУĹѾָлδй棬һι棬Ѿ£ֻȴڷһγ֮Ե
˫һգϢתʶڤһɲǣֻصǸССĴ䣬ӹ档

죬ǰô
ѩ׷ףݼݼܵԺȻķѩȴй͡
գѾȥһˣİԼڷ˭Ҳ
ѩˣÿÿκζ˭ˣΪǰˣգҲֻһһεʧ
㣬磬𡭡
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪
ֱڣݼݼ֮Уһգ뿪ĳ˭ˣҲǰ죬ңҡ
˿£һµĴѩͣˣˣ쵽ʱɨԺǰĻѩϴȻһˣʱŪӣɹѡ
ԣԴ󻢣㣬
ֻԴ󻢴ʮ׳һɷģǶ¼ˣȥ֮ǰаڣû˰죬˭ȥԣ


1215 ȴ
ԡԴ󻢣㣬Ҫʲô
ǱŵòȥԴȴֺȥ·
˲ǰߣ׷ÿȥԴǱȥ˾һֲõԤС
ҴԺǰֻŽգԴЦһ򣬽ĳˣףôͱŲ𣿡
ǲҳãżŴ򿪣˳Դ󻢵߰ɣǲݼݼ޸ġ
㣬˵ʲô
Դ󻢵һ±ʮ׺ݣԱȥס˫磬ߵĴŵһԴ󻢣㣬Ҫʲôлú˵򡭡
ˣɴˣ£Դһȣ׳ɿ򣬵ͷ˻ȥ
ԴǰȥЦһǲ£ոˣղ˵ʲôţûҶ˵һ顭
һ½Ƕŵɫɷף׷üҡͷʾ⣬Ҫ˵һĻֻԴ󻢾Ҫˡ
Ҳ޸ġ
ʱԺ棬һŮ治˾һֻݼݼ˳ﻹһѷļԼʺϣĿԴ󻢡
ݼݼ
ɫһ䣬һĻһڴһһ飬ԴǿȢһʱ嶯ʲôɵ˼æ˵ǧҪɵ°Ѽ¡
ݼݼ¼
ɫɷף֪ŮΣԴҪǿȢҲ˳
㡭
ԶޱҲˣֻݼݼϱ䣬һԴ󻢣һһپݣݼݼձҲѲ˸ϵ
һ±øǽˣȻԴȴ˿ţϣЦݶûбֻһЦ˵ȷҪô𣿡
ȷ
ݼݼԴ󻢣дŲȴԴһЦƸó򿴿
ǡ
ˣνġƸ񡱣ȴȻʮŵԴùһŵݼݼǰЦźӴ˵ĵˣӽ󣬴еĵأԼҵġ
ʲʲô
һʱûܷӦǶЩͨũ񣬴ûԼĵأضǵҵġ
źӴĵأԱģô͵ԴѵԱѵضԼˣ
ԴЦһ˵ÿһˣʳʮʯһʯС
ʲô
һԣǶһԱÿֻʯʳԴһʮôϽɣҪ˶
ݼݼüͷһ壺Դ󻢣
ԴһЦˣƽʱҲΪңûʲôӰ죬ʮʯһʯҲ١
Դ󻢣̫ǣͷӽͲҪˣƴˣ
ͻȻ䣬ֻһųͷϲ˹Ȼһϲûܿ㱻Դһ£һŸ߷˳ȥ
ѣ㡭㣬Դ󻢣ˡ
ǺǣǶˣղųҪɱңֻˡ
ԴһЦĵݼݼ߽ȥˣǾټʮʯǷļռ޵ԼǴӽ󣬻ÿʯһҲա
һ±ðˣģݼݼȥ
Ǻǡ
ԴЦһôﻹҪҵģҲ޵ġ

ԽԽˣݼݼȥֻӿʼż֣Ҳաѵһ˵ϣᣬҲϻ

ԴͷһЦĵһףЦˣˣԴҪģʹûеòģ
ڴ񶼵ͷҡͷ̾ڵ£ѹʲô취
˲̾Ϣ֮ʱⲻ֪ʱ߽һŮӣ˼һλɵŮӽ壬һ㶣ǡ
˭Դ󻢣
Ů˽Ǳˣȴǰ𽡣
Ŷ
Դȥֻ۾һЦǣôСӣǴģԼˡ
𽿴ɻʲôԸδˡ
ɶ
Դ󻢺ٺһЦЩ˼˹СүԸǿɾͶˣȢСȢҲôҪʵЩԸ
ҡҡͷֻǺǷˣ֮ǰûʲôźʶѡ
䣬ָһһâȥ͡һʱѪߣԴ󻢵׼ɣ˿֮ʱѩ۾Ҳûüϡ
ɱˡɱˣ
ڴȿֲ棬һʱ䶼ŵȥӦҲһ±ݼݼԺȥ
Դʮ£һ̶ŵɫ˫ȷվԭضҲҶһ¡
𽵭ˣ˵Ŵ˴񣬲ǷĹ٣ǷĻʵۣ³Ҳͬˡ
ǣǡ
ʮŵûֹһأǶ˰
ϴʬȥɡ
ǣǡʮ̧Դ󻢵ʬȥ
ãЩѾ뿪ˣҲˣǲغ£ɡ
Ƭ̺󣬲˴ղһĻǲţǰλĪҲˣ
ӣ㣬ǡ
ʵЩţովֻôһ£ǶԵͷͷˣ⣬˵ֶ𡭡
濴ȥʵλ
ңǡ
ݼݼЩδ˿̴Ժ˳Ű𽣬૵ǰ챻Ǹץˡ
졭ڴһҲڷӦˣǰ졭
Ѿûˡһ˵ţһ˹ȥȻһöͬĽᣬݸң黹
졭
ݼݼӹͬĽᣬֱ֯ģö˵Ķ
һ˲䣬֮У־ˮ̧ͷǰλ˵Ůӣ𡭡
һ˵ɷ;쳾ܹȻʵһֱδ뿪ϣȴδ㣬𣿡
˵꣬һЦ˵ͷ漴תȥһ£ԪһڸղλţһˣʲôҲûˡ
λϲղֻιȥˣް⣬ڴӸһɱ˴˳
лӡлӣ
λ͡˿˿漴˫һ㣬ʱһ׹⣬ƿնȥ
˰
˳ճǵʧİ׹⣬ЩţǱߣԺ˳ݼݼ
ûˡ
ݼݼͬĽᣬҡͷЦЦȻлỨϣȴһһ¶Цݣǽգڷա

죬ħ
ֻתշ棬ǰ£һһӹļ䣬ȴѣȥ
һɲǣһ죬ҲĵӶһ׷ֵķȥֻħǱ죬˽һ̣ܵһɲϢ


1216 
һ̣ԡ´ճյؿħǱߣһ⣬ѵΪͻˣ
Ϊδһ£ԭ˺Щ죬һ̣ڷһвٵӣ
硭
ħǱߣһ⣬׺Ҳסˣƿ·һ
Щ죬죬֮治ѣ˵죬еʮֲ˼飬˴һطȻɸ߿֮ϣ˵еɾһ
Сӣڿʥ𣿡
ԶǱߣЦ츺ֶңħ£񲻶ؿһ⣬Ǵ˿Ǹֻһ⣬ȴδ١

˿̣ħУֻȫתֹͣʶҲ⣬һɲǣĳʮ֮
֮ˣڤιޣ쳾飬ɴ֮һǣ̫࣬ʼնȴΪպһԳƵ谭
죬һգڴħ߳Ϻ죬˶ܵһɷǷϢ֮£󴺷ӷ
˿δ빬Ǳȥˣϣһʥ֮˶Щ棬ѵϾʥ
ЩʥĻ˵ӦǻٲŶ԰
Уʥǧ٣ȻֻǶ֮ǰԣڣǿһЩʥ֮ʱ٣Ӧǰ
Ȼɵȥѯʣδ빬ֻüɫȴδ빬⣬δµİٻȻʼήˣδϣһδ뻨Ҳ׷Ʈ㡣
ϣˡ
ϳƵҲƮص仨ȻİٻǹǰֲģȴȫήˣΪ˶Ǳʢǡ
ǰȥص仨һɲǣԺֳָδЦ绨
ֻ̧һŵ⣬һЩİٻȻָš
ϡ
ŰٻգһؿʱϣϹŴ˵Ĵ֮񣬷ٻ㡣
ٸʱϲϢͷ¸һѵϣѾƷʥ֮Ӵ̤ʥˣΪΣǰЩղ£
һΣ棬ҿδˣɵһ߽ʱȴͻȻʧˣȻͥԺδ뻨Ҳŵлˡ
ϡ
Ȼһ£ؿǰ׷ӣ˿Ǳ֮
һͥԺȥδķ䣬ֻȻڴϣͷ·ֻǺһ˯ˡ
һ繳ϣƺӿ֮ϸ£ƺֳࡣ
Сӣ㵱桭ȥʴ֮أ
һ࣬ӵԪѾָòˣ֮ǰҲֻǿʱᵽʴ֮صʱȻԵʮء
Ųϵ£ֶɽµ磬Ѵ졣
Ҫδ룬ֻȥɽ磬Ҫȥɽ磬õһ޷õֻȥʴ֮ء
ͬʱȥʴ֮أҲһµøǿʱ㹻ǿʵȥ游ĸȡ̫ӵԼϴʬħˡ
ȻһΣӹ֮ˡ⾳㡰澳Ǿǧ٣ʥ֮ȻһβСľ롣
ʥ֮ˣ޲٣ǧ꣬һξ룬ûκνݾߣΨʵĲǿ
ĿǰĹ֮ͬǼΪе֣ʥ£ѾĶˡ
ʥЩոʥ֮ˣδǧٵʥˣҲһС
ҹɫãֿڵһΣǸˡ
֪ʱָǵϴʬħˣ˵˱Ӳ¶棬ʱ֪ʵݣǵˡ
ˡ
Ŀ⣬ħˣҲ޻˵ǵˣȴ˺ϣǾЩ˼ˡ
һյ龰ֻܶ϶ǵˣħ֮ˣȴƶϣǺźɵˡ
˵˵Ǹһҹ䱻٣ħȾȾĹŴ壬пǴΪˡ
˵
һɲǣ𽥱⹫ԼˡĪǵŴǴΪĿġ
ӡ
ӺȻ˵ʱĿģȷʵʦˣʬħȾӵ۶
˼ǡ
ȻһԭˡҪԸˣʦ
ʦһ˰ɣȴȴȻϧ۶Լħ֮Լѹʬħ
ˣǵˣ֮£ȴħ˸Ҫ̰ٱΪ˶ԸʦϧŴΪ
üԽԽԸʦĿģʲô
ӳ˼òŵʦϣҲŲٵܣǰйء
ǰ
üһ˵ˣ˻һŹ䣬Ĳ䣬գԴԸʦ
Ŷ
Ŵԣ΢΢һһ̣ԽԽˣ졭塢޵̨̰աħ֮Ԩ֮š


1217 
һ¾͵˫һǰҲ죿
˫ָԶҹĻµƺҡҡͷ㲻֪һЩഫǾʮ֮һֻħ۶ɵһ磬ʱ죬Ҳûκֱ֣֮ȥ棬ܣ˺졭
˴ͣһּ˵Ϲʱڣħ֮սƻ˥ܣԴҲѷ㿪ʼ˼Ԫŵء
ǰʱ򣬴ͨԪŵص׷ӡ˼ΨһͨӴˣҲ޷˼䣬ڵ۷ӡΨһͨҲ֪żҲκһּأΪ˷ֹаʿҵӡڣӶƻӡ
˵֮Ҳ˼ʱ˵ǴڷϣǸߺ˵ģһģһֺ
ǰ˺£һΪܼŮҲ֪٣ʱʲôż֮Уȴֻ۴֮֡
ãعü㿴Ǹˣûпˣڷ죬ˣ񣬵µķӡѾɶˡ

΢΢ף˵ǵˣǷйأ¡Ŀǰ˵
Ŷ
΢΢һʱϼһʲôѸٶ϶ΨΣҲ޷϶˵ݣЩء
£Ҫĵģʴ֮أõȥɽ
ͨ˵СӣˣͲҪԥһ㣬Ҫ㣬ʴ֮ؼȻ澳֮أȻ½Уһˣû˾ˡ
˴תͷԶҹĻµƺ˵ʵΪ𣬵ȻҲĳЩǿȥ֮ҪСģҪסչۣʴ֮֮Ͳ֮ˡ
˵ͷ֪ҲǣСһЩڤѾ֪ڣȻж

֮׼һУҲЦ˽һУ׺Щʱգɰָʱ歷˽׽
˿̸洫ĵϢһԵʹԭգδţ˸׼ԲŽ£Լδ룬һ
ٴ˻֮֮ǰ飬÷з֮ҲˣڣѾʴ֮ȥҲ˵׼
ʱǣ֮ǰΰμȻ·ȻҪȥлͬʱҲ֪ԷΪҪһδΰ
ǣ֮һǣƣʮַŲڳУ˵֮澳һΪҵĵطôǣ֮Уĵط
ֻһ
Ҳͬһɸ߿֮ϣѰ֮ˣϵȥҲû˸ȥ
λѣҪȥ
һտ֮ʱӭһµӣȥˣ
ЦЦǸر֮ˣ
Ϣȴǰ࣬Ѱ֮ˣҲԸܵóˣ֪ӣȴνϳġ
Ƭ̺ɸ߿֮ϣֻʮƣֻû֮ģȴһɭȻ֮Уߵĵ죬ߵԶԶȥһɭĸо
ֻ֮ʱϳˡ
ʼǰĶŵģü֮䣬ȴز¶ʱЦԶȴˡ²ӭ롣
΢һ֣ϣŵ˵ϻĳδüл
ŴԣȻһЦСС£ҳݡ
ֵʵĳв֪֮ι£
Ŷ
뿴ЦĪΪ¶ɻ˵㸸磬꣬һν顭
΢΢һʵµӦ븸йأֻǸʧĲйأʱƵ˵ġһν顱ָʲô
Ǿ֪ڰǰ䲻ˡ
ЦֻĴŶѣΪأ
ԭˡ
΢΢ףһأȻʵ֮ǰǴڻȪȵʱһ˵ĸоָоȻ븸йء
һΣɭ࣬һȴκξ֮У˵֮С
ЦЦʵһΣ֪Ҫȥδ
ʴ֮ء
ûֱӵ˳ȥʴ֮أʵǼΪܵģ֪£ǰûбҪ
Щ꣬ģǻᱣ־֮ģǴ˿վڲǰһȫĵĸо˵Ϊλһָо
ʴ֮ء
˵֪ʴ֮أʮأʮط̾ᣬֱǿʬ֮ءຮ֮ء֮ء֮ءڤ֮ء֮ءú֮ء֮ء֮ء֮ء
ʱʮأ΢΢һʮ֣һֲ򵥵ĸо
ͣһֵһֱԼȵĵطӦǻú֮أ˵ΪúһƬֻЩ֮أ׳ԣʧУһУȻ֮ͨˣҲٳˡ
룬˭
ʱȻһ⿴ȥЦ֮ӡ
Ŷ
ֻ棬߽һӣӳ٣òֻ۾棬һɫɴ߼ϣһֻɫС
λǡ
ȥ˫ۿ
Ц
ԭ
΢һֿ֣߼ϵֻСС֮Ȼһ۱㿴ǻȻȴҲ𣬴Ǻ棺ֻ񣬺ر𡣡
һЦĻ˵ãĻĪһֻСС񣬿أ¡𡯣ɡ

΢΢һ㶣۾Ȼ˾ܵĻ
һ̣Ȼ뵽ʲôڶ½żȻĽˣϹ챦޴󣬿ϧʱ񵽵ʱ𻵣״̬Ҳͬˣɷø޸һ£˵֪ɷҿһܷ޺ã
Ȼڻ˵֮ʱȴͻȻˣһǣлģôȴ鷳ˣ
һۿʱ뷨Ц޷޷ϲЩˣ㲻ó

Ҳ˵ͷҿʲô


1218 ú
Ҳԥȡֻ棬ѺۣҲʧȥ󣬲֮ǰǰ㣬ŵĳת
㣬Ϲ챦һȥDȣɣ֮ɽ޼׷ɱ˵һԨԨ£˰׹ǣ㣬Ԩҵġ
ִӹһ˲䣬ɫ΢΢仯
ǡ㡣
㡭
ϣĿ΢΢һ˵зľһշһշڡ˵㣬⡭ĪǱһ
ָӽϻܹӦѺۣԼڲǧƵϸСѺۡ
ȷǽ㡣
ֻ˵ͷ˵ϹҪ֮޸Ϲ֮Ϲ֮ģϹ֮
Ц˵ô࣬ǵܲ޸

΢΢ͷ˵Ҿһԣֻ޸㣬ķЩʱգ֪ӣǷȵã
Լȥʴ֮أЩ׼ҲãοЩգѯһЩڸ׵飬˵ˣˡ
Žȥˣѯйص길׵顣
ʱһα죬죬˽⵽һЩ飬ֻǹڸʶģȴδ˵
磬ʣ棬죬Ȼ꣬㸸׻һ

ȥ뵱꣬׾˶ǣ
΢΢ͷƺתͷ㸸׵ʱδȽʱˣȻɽ㡣
ʱصӣü΢΢һ길ʲô
ֻǺЦԣԶƺȥʱɽºһӰȴˡ
ŶĪǽ㣬Ѿ޺ˣ
תΣȥϣֻѷյȻ޹⣬Ƿһ㵭ĳ󣬼ʹԶҲܹܵʱӽ棬ĵϢ
ϸ֮£ȻѺۣ˹˵ȱһЩϹŲϣֻˣʹΣʹϣֻ١
ӹ㣬һɲǣһθܵ˽̲صĿֲȵõʱ򣬸ǿ
˵պܹһЩϹŲϣܹ޸ø
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ӽ滬ɳȵĽ۹½ȫͬ۹½һɷԨĺ䣬ǡǡ෴ƾ֮ϣ̫һĳȡ
㱾Ϲȴ֪ΪξˣȻٶɽ֣Ҳ޷޸ٵĽ㣬ȴܹ޺ã
Ѱɱȣ̲żΪֲϹŽ֮ʱж޷󣬶ѾˣҲͬˡ
ΪѾȵ࣬ôܹԦͷŵҲͬȵǿ
Ҫǣٺ͵۹½޵ĻҲܷӳֲǷȴǷͬСɣޣôһ˲䣬ȫԪǽ۹½ޣ䷴޷
ȴͬʹý㲻κηɣҲСԲƣΨһвǣѾ𻵣޷ʹá
ЦϣȱϹŲϣҲ첻ˡ
´ΣұϣٶӣһȻʱҲӰ졣

ȻһЦȥЦȥ˵ĻҪԼ񡣡

˵ͷ򶫱ʵƺȥ˵Ҫȥʴ֮أȸෳһл
һЦ˵

뿪ǣһΣڻ֮𻹽ʶ˺ӺͰüˣٱܣںӺͰüˣϾ룬ҲͲȥǶˡ
֮Ѿ˻֮һƬĮĮϿȣɽһƬޱ޾󺣡
ںϴ˴£ڿ½أ֮ǰһ·ɣΪ޿״
˵Ѿ쵽ʴ֮ˣټǰĻӦñǡʴʮءġúˡ
ʴ֮أѰ֮أЩطδ֪գȥȻΪԶʤǰҲġ
£ȥȫϢСǰУϤط֮ǰӲ⡣
ֹʱ䣬ԽɽҰ룬ʼղӰشʱѾڡúˣһУҪСĽ
һʱһɽһȴȻܵɽ쳣Ϣ
ʶȻѷ֣֮˵ϢΪʲô磬Ŀǰö϶̫ߣΪʥ֣ȻҲһϢصʮ
ٽƻ֮ʱоõһϢѾԽԽˣ˶Ϸһ֮С
ʱĺɫɽһƬ谵Ӱңʯᾣ͸һ˵ɭȻ
ʶһɽɽ棬һˣֻ˿ȥƺˣϢ١
ʱмϢһɽ棬һȥɽϢֱϢ
֣ղŵϢ⸽ôˣ
ϸҡ
ˣ⸽Ѱһȥˡ
ɫѾֱЩ˵Ϣʧתȥʱȴ֣ɽˣƹأѾû


1219 ڤ
ɽ˹ȥ˭ո׷ɱģЩʲôˣúˡ
ʴ֮һ֪ڣܴ֪һЩ
˼ˣԥһͷ֮ϣʩչһڡѻͨ˸ãһԪ䣬ûôɢȥΪ̽졣
£ȥڤڣ·϶ҪСģ⡮ȸ׸޳ϣգضչ㡭
ʦģȽһţػصԻ͡
£Ҫأ⣬һӣȥĻ˷ҪסǶˣǳϵ궨µ£ѾͬԷѪһֻһˣ𣿡
ʦģһḺʦá
ʦãˣҡ
ʦ


ʶ˻Ŷ̶һӴ˵Ԫ֪ʴ֮ص顣
ԭú֮عĸ򣬶£ǴȥڤڵģȻ;Уȴɱˡ
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һõʸȴɵһ·β棬ɽ֮УɱڶԷĿʲôΪ˶ʸ񣬻ʲôͲö֪ˡ
ʴ֮أȷʵЩΣգü΢һ֮䣬ȴµӣЩƣͷҲһѩס
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲô֮ǰʱ˵ʴ֮غ󣬱㲻֮ˡ
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˷һʴ֮أһݣá澳ԼΪǳʥ֮ˣҲδܹʵ
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˵ʱѾ޸޳ϿƼź󣬵˵ͷ꣬ʦҲЩ飬ɡ
лϣ⣬Ǽʦҽϵġ
һ˵ţһ߽ȸ˹ȥ޳һЦʦ̫ˡ
ǵȸˡ
á
뿪޸ֻвڤڵĵΧ棬һһȺǰﻹվһӰ
ʦ֡
޸ŵһۣµԪȻ֪˭ü΢΢һʦã
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£ЩҪģҪǣҪ취βܽԼͬûô˿ţҪοڣ
ֻգȻ⺮ʱȴȿڵ𣿡

һ£̧ͷ㶵ؿΪʲôڶԼô䵭ǰôϲԼġ
£ȹЩʱңһ£ǡ
һۣ˵ֱ꣬ȥˣֹ߲סˣڤڵĵӣҲԭأԶȥıӰ
ʦʦŻʦ׶¹ϵأô䵭Ҫ֪ʦȻǴģĸ뿿ĸø߸ߵģлʦֶʱʱΡ


1220 в
ãŻعǰȥʱӰȴѾʧˡ
һø߸ߵɸղȴǱһˮϣ뵽ǰ¶˳ȴ䵭
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ǲΣ׷ԶȥˣǰŮЦһҲ漴Զȥˡ
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һɲǣкȻһâ£бȥ޳ϣҾȥлʦ֡

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ڤһڶţ㲻ôа˸ϣ޳ֻ֮һ˸Ϊͬ޳ϵΪʥǰĽ׶εĳڣ㲻öߡ
Ϊߵģڤڤϣ׼ʥΪڤʱһֱڱչ״̬ΪжߣҲֻѾӽʥ
ôһĻڤڵʵ뵱֮Ǹڲ࣬ҪһЩ
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Ȼһ˹ά˵л覣ղţǱ˴ۣһɲǣĿɭûҸղŵĻǡ
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лʦ֣Χգһ¼һ£ջһҧ̧ͷΣ
һ˵꣬Ƹֱ׳ˣһͦ£ұѻ˵ˣ֮£Ըʦͳǵ˼ҲֻһԸˣڣҪûԼͬѵʲô𣿴ˣͷԸʦϷˡ
һ˵֮Χһ±ðˣ˶Ĭ˺һſʼС
һǵͨ죬ָԭЩ˽£ǲ뵱˽ģƫƫԷҪ޳ѹҲֻȥлʦˡ
ڣ𣿡л覿ص
˵ôû˭ûɡ
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˿̼Լͬһ£Ҫ֮ʱȴּҽǴȥʦöͬ񽻻ʦãڣҸıˡ


1221 ѵ
⡭
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Ҳסˣû뵽ǸΨΨŵŵʦ֣ȻѾ㡭
ŲŶԷͬ񽻻ǶԷ˿̣仰Ҫŭлʦĵ
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Ψ޳ϣʱȻüԶıӰ˼
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ĺüգ޸󶼷·ţҲǰˣ˵£Сˣֻ˽ǰЩյ顣
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ʱлһĴȥڣѾǸˡ
޳ԽԽǸе£Ѿˣ˾˭ðڤڣ־ʲôĿģ
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޳ԽԽǸеľΣһҪȥʣϵŵĲֹ޸󣬶ڤڡ

һ繳ϮбĿȻӦڵ޳ϣ
֨ѽһŴˣֻ޳㷲˽ֽűϣһ硣
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1222 ҹɱ
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һ޳ϻδ뿪üӣʵϻʲô𣿡
޳һ̧ͷ˵Ǹл覡
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ɵȻʵǺϲ˵˵

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΢΢˵ͷֲʢˣԭǴҹӣЩ޹أҲ˿⣬·һֻ룬צ
Ȼ޳ȴгʲô⣬СǸ¡
ϷģΪһúǷǣ޹֮£ȻҲȥܡ
صŴԣ޳Ҳ˿л覴ȻһŰ裬Ҳлʵȴͣһ£ֻڤҲҪǣ

ʱȥ£ǺɽԵӣҪõȥһͨɽԡ
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ȻΪ˹ƽѾǰ´󣬽ɽɽգ˵ǿԽ룬κˣԲڡ
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ʮöɽе׵ԨȣеķһЩ޶ģҪԼСȥѰҡ
ʶ裬̽Զɽɽʮ֮㣬ޱ޾ҪҵʮöɽҲһڼ䣬ҪɽޣҪű͵Ϯ
ϣһ¸ȴɽӳյøɭˣԶʯǸһΪĸо
ٽҹ֮ʱѰһĹȣһɽЪϢҹﳣ޳ûǱҪòҪĴҴʶ޵¡
ʱһɽϣ¹ˮɽ棬ӳյøֻվӰǱˣȴл覡
ʵȻһǧӱõȥһûйϵֻҪлõɣлɣȥ֮ҪҲʲô¡
ʵлһҹӣ¼䲻֪жŮҪͶͱӴ̤ţȻȴûһܿ۵ģܹ۵ģȻԷҲǧƫƫֿ
Ψ˽ģϻһȻ츳Ҳ˿ѷЩǧ𣬱ǳСŮҲΪȻϲˡ
ȻֻҪͬһһղֺգһ죬Էȫ޶ãɱģѲһ㡣
ڤڣȴûа취һģҪڤӣӰĿǰ̣лôĶǲϣ֪жء
л磬㻹ڹô
ֻͷü΢ӣڴʱ¹£
ô㡣
л˵ţһ̧ͷ졭ҲûҹˣңΪ
˵ȥлḧˮϣҡҡͷд㣬㲻Ҫ˼롭
л硭
̧ͷ΢֮£գһ㣬һ
ȹһƮ䣬ȻȫһæؿˣͷͨصУڲԡ
ȻͬһûûһղˣôͬĽƣŻʧ
лü΢ȻҲҲֻøȥһְѼϴ˻ȥ
ʱɽһ紵ȫ˸æסӣСл磬ˡ
ꡭ
л漴˸ƣ˵ȥ棬Ҫȥ
СһЩ
һ˵ţһɽȥл棬ȷ֮󣬲ŵϣɡ
֮ʱ֮УȻһӰһۣҹĻ¸ǿģ
˹Ȼڤڵˣѱڤڵĳ󷨷ȴܹϢؽȻΪһ㡣
ӣʱգɻãʵȴһߡ
˿̣л覵Ҳһ±ñ䣬ɱͷû£Σϴ˶˽
Ŵԣ³ԥʲôòŵӣɱ˲ɡһ֪˽Դֻ¡
лһ±øӺˣˣɱɣɽٺòＴʹɱˣҲ֪ȥ棬֪ˣЩ鷳
ãӷģһΣ߳ɽ£Ҳ֪Ǻ³˵ͷһ˵ֹ꣬ʧҹĻ
ǰһƬʯ֮أлĿ⣬ɱһղ߻ɽ
棬Ѿѣֳ濴һۣСˡ
лҡҡͷһЦ·ѣûзǡ
ǣǱá

ʱȥһ죬ĵڶˣ¸ҹȴ·һ˿ɱ⡣
һҹ쪣е㺮ƽͣ˽Ųʹɽʶ裬汾ȴʧһ˲䣬ܵ棬ɱƽ


1223 
Ŷ
ͣ΢΢תͷ濴һۣ˭ġڻµһ˲䣬Ӱ˲Χסˡ
˽ۣ棬ǿҵɱǳɱ֣Ϊ͡
ڻδӽĿ£ȴʹԼϵɱȱ¶˳Ϊһɱ֣Ǻܲϸ񡣡
˵ţҹӰİɱֶΣˣʵ̫ˣʣҲ֪Щ˭ġ
ͷϻ࣡
ȻһӰ˲Ϯɱ˹˳ּ죬һɲǼ䣬ϮǰеУֱȡ
ȻһʱȴȻͣͬˣʯһ㣬һ
˼״һ˲ϮɱȻһ⣬ǰʱȴͻȻӲסˣһҲ
˫֣м˹ȥһ仰Ҳûж˵¹֮£ֻ˵ĺϣԲһö롣
ģ˫۲˺ɫѪ˿ͨһȫȥҲûκһ˿
һע̫ƽһлǺ³ϱȻ֪ȴŪ̫ĶӰ˴õһú˳ȥһ
ҹ֮ʱ½ɽĺ⣬øˣʱʱԶɽﴫ޵ǷУ̹ǵĺ⡣
ǰһ޷ȷ᲻һ
ϥɽȻ˫ۣ䲻֪ԷҵģҲ֪ԷνɽģδԵ⣬Ϊ˵Ϊ׼ʥ׶ѡ
Ǵǰһ׵׼ʥв񣬶Ѿò⾳㡰澳ԣЩ׼ʥֵ£پκв
쪣³Ҳͣ˽ŲڸղһɲǣƺʶԼȫ͹˴˴εĶ֡
ǺڰɽֻһӰ֣ȴǱž޴ΣգòСĽ䱸׼ʥ׵Ϊ
¡
³Ϸ·̽Ȼڻ˵֮ʱŷӦǰˣΪ²Լ֮£ôǴģǺˣ

Щ⣬ɽ棬ֻһ֣³˫ĿһһɲǣɱȻ̧Ƶһ˲䣬ɽ棬ٴδ㲻һԣñ˸ѿ
һɲǣۣǺ³϶ʱֻеһϣڰ֮УԷģֻΨܹһ˫۾̼䣬׹Ԩ
ԷΪѵ
³ɫұ䣬ҲţѵԷһʥ֮ˣʱ⾳ʲô⾳˴
˺һ⾳ѹȲŴʧ̶Ƭ̼䣬Ԩһˣȫѱ亹ʪֱʱԷ⾳ϢջȥʱܹԵԴϢ
۲ʶ̩ɽ֪ڴˣð֮֡
³徹Щ΢΢ڶԷδ뿪֮ǰһ̣ȻҶˡ
Ϣ֮ڣ뿪֮ڣ뿪ɽ
ɽ棬ֻ³̧ͷһɲǷӦԥ˲仯һâԶȥˡ
Ƭ֮ɽ߳лңҲǷǣԸղţˣֱӽɱҪúܶࡣ

ʱֹȥһ죬ʱһȵ߳棬ҵһöɽҵɽ㲻ټɽУֱȥ棬ڤڣɽ˴ĳϡ
Ҳ˴ӺɽɽлڣֻǽգлϣƸһ˪ǿúúõʱ
л覲֪˺£ûɱҳϣһѶ򲻿ȥǴˣȴҲ˵ô£ѵʲôɽɣһССʲôɽ
ļ죬ֱ׼ڤԡʱлʮƣƽﳤϲˣһΣȴôˣѵ˵ʲôɽ
˿ڹ㳡ϣˣлĿ䣬ȻһգԷ˵ȥߣĺ˻ģʮ硭
ллʦ֡
ʱԶһµŮ˹л覺½ʶл覵䣬Слʦ֣ȥǱߡ
ߡ
лһߣȥתһȥˣȻȴʱȻˣʦá

һ£תȥ֪ΪΣʦ֣ʱеĪĺ£ʱСʦ֣ôˡ
ˣߵ˹ôңһк𣿡

ʱŷӦҪϸ˵Ļ²ʦͬŵʦ֣һк
£֮УοֻǴǰǸŵ££һָ߲ʵĸо
ʦ֡
ͷȥлһԣɫȴЩѿˣ˲֪Ĺϵ

л޶ãĿֻϡ
һ£̧ͷʶ˿Եл覣ջ˹ȥͷҿʦ֣Уʦʲô¡
̧ͷ
ص
һ̣ȴ֪ΪΣԴӾ̧ͷԷˣÿÿԷ˫۾Ԩĸо
˵̧ͷ
ͻȻ࣬һΧˣеĪһ䡣
¡ʦ֡
̧ͷʱȴһֻӵСè֪ΪΣ˺ǰλʦˣǰʱǶԷ˳
һӲʦԽԽÿˡ
ӣͻȻ˵һ仰ΧˣȻһ

Ҳһ£û뵽˵ĻȻһ̣벻ˡ
ֻȻ֣ḧϣ۾һһҵ£ȴһ𣬳ɺͳ


1224 ڤþ
һɲǣһһĺ˽һһ̣æԶȥѾˣлһɱ˰ӡ
Ҳԭأû뵽»ͻȻд˾ٶһ̫ͻȻȫ֪ˡ
ٿл覣ı˪ҪֲжֲǸĿҲסһ㣬ʹѾԶˣҲ̲סʱ˿̣ѾܵõлʦǹɳеϢ޷
ԶҲԽԽ߾ۼ˹֪߷˺£лʦǿµģİ׷֮ˣƺѾµ˼֡
ʦ֡
ɫһ±Щ԰ף㶵ؿǰ׷֮ˣһʱ䣬֪˵ʲôҲ֪ʲôӡˡһȫˡ
ȴȻл޶ãҲδȥһۣĿȻϣصߡ˵꣬㳡һȥ
Ȼԭز֪룬Ҳסһ㣬˶Ȼ
δͣ΢΢תͷϡ

·žѹ棬һƬԺҲǲܿһګګ˹ȥˣƶ˻һ
Զˣʯһ㣬ʱžѹ׷л覿˹ȥ
ֻлɱ˫ҲǱѪˣȻֻһ̧һɿӳʱΧ޷
Ȼ׼ֵһ˲䣬ԺȴȻ³ϵ覣мǲȥǴˡ򣬿ܻѣмǣмǡ
ΧĿֹЪһǱԭе˱ղǹɿֲɱŵòҶʱҲعл覣һ
ֻлƣ˫֮УǲѪ˿ȻȴֻܵţԶȥıӰ벻ףΪλԴ˼ɵ
Ƭ֮˹㳡һϣĿԶֻɽ࣬ƣʱʱнâӹɽ壬Щڤڵķ
תȥһֱͷĬĬ󣬴ʱת΢΢һʶͷˡ
ôңص
ңҡ
ʱ̧ͷǰԱʦ֣ڶԷȷʵĪµĸоҲ˵Ϊλһָо
ʦ֡ǰǰҲãԣԲ𡭡
ͷ϶˵ţҲţ˿̾һֻ˾ŵСèղڹ㳡ϣȷʵԷͻľٶˣڶδȫ
ûжԣֻ˹ȥԼһܵҪȥջͣͷȹȥʮֽš
˵ףµ¹ϵϾǵʦͳ϶£Ѿʽ緲Щ˵ĻһԶϷ״Ҫܻף
ʦʦ֡
ţʱһϰ£˼ҲûҲʱҪ˫ޣҲҾܾҪȥֺá
˴ڤԣһ𡣡
Ӻ˼֮ʱȴһ仰̧ͷʱ֮ϣֻвԺӹҲµӰˡ

֮ڤԣ뺮ɽȣڤԸ࣬һνڤþ沼ƣԼĻޣκ˽ȥܵġ
ںɽûõɽ˵ǲܽڤԵģڤйأڤԵˣԿɴһ߸
֮ǰȻҪлһģû뵽ȴһҪл²̨
⼸գл϶ģΧҲû˸ȥ˵ڤһ죬һɫǱ¡
ȴȻ޶ãڤþȥˡ
һĻв˶еһ˲ѿ˷ҪлԣѵһҲģлңԺȥһҲкӹ

ڤþ棬Σأ뺮ɽһΪޣͬǣ֮ڣҪڤþͬʱҪõһöڤɹͨ
ڤֻаöǿޱȵĻػҪõڤһ뺮ɽԲͬǣڤþ棬͵ĻޣѰ˹ڻþ棬ûо԰ȫĵط
գҲֻаܹͨ棬ֽѡˣɹõȥһڸ֮ˣȻȥһ򣬵ֻҪͨڤԣҲзԴΪ
ʱڻþ棬Ѿˣ쪣Զɽʱʱɽҡ߲ҵġ
ҹ֮ʱһֺ¹񷶥þһɽ˼ֺ䡣
˿һɽ棬ֻϥĿڴָսûжãһȺޣЩԪļػþ޺ͽƸ˼Ҳܵġ
ʱڶڱϣϥԹҲҳһȴЩǽռǰʵ޷󣬲Ŷ̶һӣԷΪ˿ˡ
ѵ꣬ʦ츳֮ߣţΪûп
Խ룬Ժ˼ҲԽǻңҲԽԽһССɶһ
ԽԽ͵͵˿뵽ļػþһǿһأʦԪָ᲻ᡭ᲻ʱҪԼ˫ޣ
ѵˣԼĸ𡭡
ԭˡ
һ뵽˴ʱͨ죬ԭʦ֣ǹҪл覣ҪԼڻþ˫ޣָԪǣǻþﻹˣһ˿ˣǣǡ
ԽԽңȹڣҡͷеģʦ֣ԡ
ʲô
ʱȻ۾ҲͻȻ˹ԼԼղź˼ЩʲôءȻȻԽ˵˳
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¡
˷ɳȥ֮ɽһ˲ҷֻҹĻ֮£һͷµĻޡ
ǻ޹ʮɣ͸һɿֲϢʱŵɷף⣬߼ޣ߼ޡ
߼ޣ൱˼׼ʥǿߣһԣֻһػþҲκˣΪŵһػþȻͳȿ»ޣһˡ
ɫղһ£ʦּʱӦֻڣôĶ֪
𣡡
ʱԶɽ֮£Ҳһ³ĻޣһĿ£ǽˣΧסˡ
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ȴ򶨲ңЩ߼ޣлΪ˻û˴ı£ӣڤҪԼˡ


1225 ڤ
𡪡
ΧĿֲޣ̼㳯Χ˿µϢʱɽǴʱԶˣܹܵɿµϢ
ʦ֡
ŵɫɷףô꣬źϺڵΪһڵߣܸɲСѹοЩ׼ʥ߼ޣ
ʱ˫ȣѾʹҲסزţȻɫһ㼴չɲɽȥ
ʮֻ߼ޣȻЩ޲ȥ棬ڤþ棬ȷʵ˼׼ʥǿߵʵȻҲԱ֤Ըôࡣ
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䣡
ԲʱضɽҡУ׻ҴܣҪҹ˺ѣǼ¡
ˣҲŵòܣǿʱʮֻ߼׷ɱ龰Ҫŵûɢ
ʦ֡
Ϊʱٶ̫죬ΧĿֲϢ׻ǽЩϢʶʼģˡ
һ˲ٽɲʩչ˳һֱ峿֮ʱڰЩ޵׷ɱʱҲѾһ˵ڶػþ档
ʦʦ֡
ɷףǾδĴ˿ǾһĻǺ²ѡ

תһۣʵ
ҡû¡
ګګĿһ̣·ӿ͸ǰλʦˣǴûʶһ
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ĻޣҪҳһɾ롣˵գǰȥˣһ£Ҳٸȥ
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ܹͨڤ֮ˣȻǷ֮ʹֻܹȥһ򣬵ʣµˣڤͬܲһĴ
һգ㳡Ͼۼ˲ˣ޳֮ǰͨҲ˿ǵıˡ
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޳ϹкжԷһЩСĻҲ޷ô˳μ

޳ϵ˵ͷСһУҶˣսʤһˣõһöһú˲л覺ӣԺ󣬳ǩһᰲš
á
˵ͷл覴˶ԣվֻǸСɫûҪȥԸˣõһöһúĿġ
ʱվԶ޳˿ظ˵ве֡
һ⼸ĳҲ׷״ɽˣڤа˸ϣλ̤׼ʥ磬ʣλ棬޳ϵΪͣ޸ҲǽɴЩ˵ġ
ڵʵټλۣλѾ̤׼ʥĳϣƽѵһ
գشӣһڤõĸȥһҲһҫһЩʵԲɣһҲò
ڤˡڤϣ
Ȼ䣬㳡ϣڵƷһ㣬ֻ֮ϣһӰ뷢ףһɫĵۣȴǴżֱ䡣
ȵӰʱԭֵĹ㳡һ°˸ҷ
ڤϣΪǰλߵģҲڤڵĴϣչ֮ʱƽš
˿ӴʱϢֱΪǸлҳ֮ϣӦǾŽ׼ʥ
һߣ޳ϼڤˣ˵ɫȥɡ
˸õڤˣʱһȥ̨ϣڤԼĻƣøڤϼ顣
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±߶޳ϣʱһĸǿҪţʱʲô⡣
£򡭡ŵĵӣ
ʱձ˪ڤĻƣĿ⣬һ㣬ϣ·һ˲䣬ܶһС
±ߵ˶Ȼֵʮ򶨣ƣģǸµģЩֽţһˣϸĻǿʲôġ


1226 ħ
ý±߲ǲҳλϣʱҿ˵
˵Ŀ⣬޸ĵϣȻϵϢӲǽı֣ȴʮֲ
˵ǰӣȻл覣Ҫ֪лһлҵĹӣڤڣǳҲҪֱ棬һССԸȥлң
ԶҲָ̨ϣϢʦ֣̫⣬ҲһƬң֪ʲô
Ҳؼӿһ׶ˣȻһˣٶȿˣɱϾ̫٣һ˼ĺϺߣ֪룿
ĻΪβ𡣡
ֻڤĿ˪һ߽ˣһ̨̣µˣеĪһ䣬ȫ˪š
޳ҲָԽԽˣʱţȴǽڤҪΪ£ǵġµΪ뻹ڤ֮ϣڤǰһֻ¡
ڤϣ
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ţ
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⣬⡭ڤϣˣһССӣҡ
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ȻֻڤЦһ£޳ԽԽˡ
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ԶҲһɫҰףˡ
Ķú¸ģΪʱֻһöڤڵʸʦ޳˵ˣġ
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֮أʴ֮ʮֲĵط֮أκĸ֣˲ʧɫοһССŮӣȥ˽֮ǵȿµطض
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ڤĿɭ޳ϣһ˵ţһ߽ĻƵݵһ˵꣬顱һֽöڤ÷飬Ȼǽʸϡ
㳡˪û˸Ҷ˵һ仰Ҳû˸ڤϵľ

һ繳ҲͣԺĴᣬڷĿȻ޳ϵĽŲ
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֨ѽһŴˣֻ޳㷲˽ƽС˵Һڤϣûзö쳣
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ʵҪڤǿȡһöһúǲܹһĻȥһҲ鷳ǱҪ֮ʱ
ֹʱ䣬֮գ֮ǰʸ񱻷ϣѡһˣڰ˸ˣܼ򵥣һһʤ߱õȥһ
Ȼ쵽ʱʱȻһɧţĵӣҴܵ˸̨ȥ
ɫŵӣڤǰҴҲ֪˵˼ʲôţڤɫһ䣬߷ȥ
㳡ϵĵӣʱ۴һʸٲˣʱע⵽ڤϵ仯ȴ֪ʲô¡

ڵ۲֮ʱʣȻһЦЦΪԵ͵ĵӣѪӿֹߣͷĿѣվҲ޷վˣɼΪ֮ߣǵУ
ǳܲסǼλϣܲס̨֮ϣֻڤһΣվЦķͬһŽԷ
ô¡
ڵžѹ׷ȥԼԼֻһһâ߷˹
Ŀ΢ʵʲôˣ
޳վԣʱٿȻâɫһ䣺ħţϵˡ


1227 ϵ
ħţϵ硭
Ŀ΢΢һת˲֮䣬ϵâѾ˹㳡ϣʱһ磬ڳڤڵĵӶΪ֮һˡ

һЦϸһ£һ£ģƣͬǣϲһϵ磬ˣȴһ㵭⡣
˾׼ʥΪڳв˶еϢΨڤĿһ̨ԭħţϵλһһӲλգ
ħϵλϣڤڵϤˣĵӣ֪ħڤڵͷұԾͬʵ򰵵ҪԷ
ÿһӣһӼıԣϴһǰתۼ䣬һӹȥˡ
ֻһΣħŵƫƫʱǷЩϲ⣿
Ȼʴ֮أɼıԣô˵ӦðѾӢӶԼɲǣΪλҪȥȡߵطѱŵľӢӶأ
ʴ֮ص֮һļνԴļԶԶȲһ
ˣļͬСÿɣ뽫Լӵмǿ츳ĵӣȥ߼ĵطյ޳ɴȻҫ桱
˵һ㣬ļѳһڵĸ֣֮䣬˼꣬ʱ˭ȳһڵĸ֣ôȻԷ
鲢ûмأܶǰļɳһɵţȡһ͵մȥһӺӾгڵΪֱ˵Ǹͷɡ
ʴ֮رգʵΪǿʳʵţǳе飬Ԫʴ֮ûʲôħ֣֮еֻʵǿܿܵǳԵ
˿̣˶ڤħŶ˽ǧ꣬⼸գպڤȥһʱƫƫʱħŲδҲ̫ɺˣ
ٺ٣һӲڤӢ˲ꡭ
ϵΧˣϢħλϵΪڤϲࡣ
ϵ糤Ͽڵôڤڴô
ڤ˿񵭵˵ǰչջδ֮ʱ
Ŷ
ϵ糤ۣٺЦδ֮ʱ˼˵ڤ϶ûܵʥĵز

˳ƺһվ˳ȻΪԶϵˣڻһ˵֮ʱ糤ȥĿ⣬ڤڵĳϣʱشһɫɷףǱ޴ݺݴؿڣ˲ȥ
ϣ
߼ӽһæǰסˣͬʱϵ˿ȥչδҲ̫Ŀˣ
ˡ
սӲ֮ʱڤϺȻһ䣬ϵˣԽգ¶ڤڣν¡
ν£
ϵ糤ЦЦ˵ĪڤˣϴεıԣѾȥһˣҶˣȻΪңһ¶ˡ
ԣв˶üһһεĻ䣬Ҳʲôϡ֮ˣֻһɽɽɽɽ棬ԴĶ࣬ʶŵΪ˽
ԱԾɽɽĹÿʮһԣʤһʮ꺮ɽɽԴ
һΣڤӮˣԴˣħƺܲ߾֮£ڱչڼ䣬ǷǣҲȥˣֻҪɽɡ
Σħƺǰ˼£ԣչأҲǼƻأǰ˼£δأⳡٿ
ڤĿ΢չδڤڵһУֻⳡԣ²òӦ˵Ǻãһº󣬱ڴ˽С

ϵ糤ͷһЦҡͷЦʲôƨһºҿղײգɴڽԺˣ
һ˵꣬һ֮УʱƲ㷭ӿֻʣȻһƬƣϸ֮£ǲƣƶ֮ϣ飬һƬӰ
һĻ㳡ʱɫһ䣬ʱұԣԼʱ䣬׼㣬һΣħŲͻȻϮ׼ôˡǵʲô
ƶϵӰڤвΪϵ͵ĵӶеʮѹ֣ħڶȻͼ
ðǾղײա
ʱֻһ䵭ѭȥֻһµӴ̨Ǳˣȴл覣ΪڵǵУ˵һˡ
ʱвڤڵĵӶȥ㶼˿һħȻڣлʦڣԼµλʦ֡


1228 
ܿ죬ħŵѾ㳡ϣԶʱвڤϣʼɫ䣬ϵ˵εıԣ֪λαȡ
ϵ糤ЦЦһΣڤӲڣҿҲͲøôˣЩڤڳˣħųˣһһʤ
ãǱʤ֪һƽ֣㣿ڤϿŶˣɫƽʵ
ûƽ֡
ʱһֻħǱߣ߳һµӣӻɫǦȥЩ£ڤڵĵӣʶԶˡ
ںվһµӣһµӣֻӵǷֲʤǾֱһսΪֹ
⡭
һʱһСɧ⼸ϣÿαԣҲֻǷʤԣѲɽһԣ֮
ҿΣԷ˵ΪȻߵͲͬʤڼӺлΪ࣬ӺȴԸԼĵմӣⳡԿЩˡ
ôǲңһԣ
ǺҲк֣֪ħԵʣʲô֮˿ţֲĸо
ʴ֮أ˵ûԪȷħ֣֮Թһħһ
ħţǾ֮䣬֮ħ֮ӣȻħһ
кβҡ
ʱлǰǺӣȻţãҵĶ֡
лʦ֡
Χвڤڵĵһһ룬ƺħǱߣΪߵģлʦ֣Ǳûܹˡ

ʱڤл覿һۣ˵覣¡˵꣬һĵմӿȥɣ
ǡ
йɵĵȻΪ͵ģڤϿɣһԣϳ
ŴԣйɵĵһסˣסˣڤڵĵӶסˣħΪߣֻлʦֲпӮˣɹȥǲͶԷӮһ⡭
ǡ
ɹ˹֣ȻЩڤΪȥԸзˣ£ȴû·
һ̣л΢ƺڤϵ⡣
Ƭ֮󣬹ħǺȥ̨ϣ±ڤڵĵӶϢȻȴǺŶʮвɱѰԷһĺֱӴ˳ȥ
ʦ֣
˽һֻʦϺҲһɫӡǰ˹赲ڡ
ȥˡڤɫ䣬ƺϵ˽ûκһ˿
ǺǣҪӮǣδҲ̫ˡ
ʱһԾɵ˶̨ϣŵЦݣڶһս
ڵһʧ±ڤڵĵӣʱýʱһմ˳
컪ʦ֡
ֻһ㺮˪ҲȻҪΪʦܱ
Ȼʱڤ˳컪£һϡ˵꣬л覿ȥ
ǣϡ
лһЦ˫һţ˶̨̨ϣʱһɿ磬ħ˼
һ£˹ΪεһڤҪΪ͵Ĺȥս
ΪǺħһ֮ˣΪл覲࣬һħȴǹ죬лδܹӮ
ħŵڶ֮ˣӣΪʤڤߵڶ컪ǵ֮ˣΪͬʤڤΪ͵Ĺɡ
һһԵһڶԵڶԵһлӮˣʣµڤҲذɡ
һʼڤϾԼߵȥԵзһȻԼߵһȥԵзڶԼߵڶȥԵзĵ
һĻһȻˣڶضӮƾУΨˣڤڲпʤ
ڤϣ
ʱвڤڵĳ϶Цտԭڤ׼ˣֲõһҪΪ͵ĹȥӦս
ڤϹ˼ʮ꣬ϼ޻ϵ˱˴˶һۣ
ԶҲĿ⣬ڤϿ˿Ҳ֣ǹǰҲһıǿֻϧǰʦһָشͷ󣬾ʱ־ˡ
ڶԿʼˣһҲûκϾл観ţлûʮУ㽫ӻ˳ȥ
ããлʦ֣úã
л覽˴ɳȥ±ʱвڤڵĵӺħǱ㣬ϵɫЩʱһӰɵ̨ȥȴħΪ͵Ǹӡ
ģһһʤ
컪ָԥ˫һ㣬ƮƮɵ˶̨ϣһ棬˵ɱй˶Է
һԣԱǰҪңֻ˫ʵÿһÿһʽغʤܡ
ڤ𣡡
Ѫָ
ԷɽԿҲʩչͨ죬ϮԷҪ±˶ס˺¹ʤܵһսˡ
䣡
̨ϣɳֻ˹ͣƬ֮ϾѸˡ
컪ȫѪֹħŵҲã컪ԡڤơش壬ʴжԽԽ
컪ʦ֡
±һĶ棬ʱֻ컪ȫһȣڤ񽣣
ıڤ
˽һһɲǣֻ컪ǰѷɽʱһš̼䣬㻯ֱħնȥ
ȿֲȺϮӲҴ⣬һ˲Ԫ磬Ȼбڤƣ壬ʱ½˲٣ֻǿֵһ
ô˻ᣬ컪һȫѪΪָһ˿Ѫڷɽ֮ϣһ˲䣬콣Ѫ죬
컪ʦ֣
±˽һֻ컪ԭʧѪ԰׵ӣһ¸ȫûѪɫĽȷʵǿһ±ȥӵԪ硣
ͣ
һ͸Ǽ죬ȫֵס̼㱻ʮᴩһ󵹷˳ȥ

컪˫һ̨ϹȥľѪ֮£Ȼ֧ŲסһԣӮˡ
ʦ֡ʦӮˣʦӮˣ
㳡Ȳ֮˷ħǱߣϵɫʤǰˣһشȫϣ顭
˿̣ڤڶʤϲУҲѣԶȴΪǼ£ƺǡ˵̫ˡ


1229 
Ȼϣڤ˸֮ʱħǱߣϵȴƶѻһһ˪ǵ֮ĽһΣ㲻һģڤΪΣ
һֵ̣Ĺ㳡ڤϻ˻֣ʾ⽫컪ȥˣǰ˼Ŀϵϣ֪λϣΣ
ϵ糤Ц˵ڤϵڤ񹦣Ѿھ죬Ҷ˲ţҪһΡ
⡭
һԣڤв˽һħεղŵıԷѾˣѲɻˣ
λɫҲв²⣬ϵˣͼʲô
ҲգұλУڤǰ˼⼸λϼӦսһڤϡ
ڤһ̧֪һս⣬ȴƻڤڵĹ¥ƻɽķ󷨣˵±ߵխλȥ߿Σ
ð
ϵЦһһ˵꣬ϱ˸Ȼһһâɵȥ
ڤҲԥ˲仯һâȥ±˶ס˺ֻƲ㷭ӿһնţ󣬴սж༤ҡ
ڤϣˡ
ϵĿһ䣬ȻڤϹ
ֻˣ糤һ񽣣˲Ʋ㷭ӿʧɫϵ糤һϽֱף̼󣬡žֱڤȥ
Ȼ±ߵĵӣһҲܹܵϴĿҺϣ±ߣж˻ᱻ꼰
ֻϣʮƲɲǼ䱻ɢ糤˫ֽӡ£ʱʮâɴܶ𣬾ལ֮ϣѽʱâ޽Ż֮һڤնȥ
նڤоĹҲҴ⣬˫һڤ֮ʱٶȻֵסһϮ
һߣϵ糤׼ʱһףӿصһ˿أڤնȥ
ۼͬʱϮڤٱ䣬˫һ裬Ǿɰ˷˲ǰ۳һ磬䡱һϵ˵ĽԵֵ档
±в˽һһ֮ӲΪ޼ˣڤϹȻ
Ƭ̣Ʋɢɢ־ۣ±ҲǿĿѣֻƼâڿжȥ÷ԲʮƲ㷭ӿֹ
ģڤڵɽʼۣϵ֪ȥǲʱսپֻ˶һۣȻһףѽϣ֯һɲǼ϶Ϊһ
˫赣
±ߣڤڵĳϽһϵ˵˫жһɲǣӿ϶Ϊһ񽣣ٻɣк֮һڤնȥ
һȻӽʥ֮±˶ס˺ٿڤϣ˫üһ̣Ҳڤ񹦵ھʩչ˳
ƣȻԭ죬һ»谵࣬ǲ֮ϣǳһ޴ĺڶľȻڤϵľ𣬾˿ֲ
Ȱ
һȣȻڤѽԪޣֻҲһ˲䱩ʮֹ
䣡
һ죬գڤϵľϵ˵˫ײǿ˺գʹڵ棬ҲƬƬĳһЩΪϵ͵ĵӣǳܲסɿֲһ˲䱻Ʒ˳ȥ
ٿϵˣͷҲ𣬺ˮ£ȻҲ˼ޣһ̣ȴڤϵŲ¡
ƣ
һȣڤϵڳܲסһ󵹷˳ȥһѰɾ޽Ҳ˲䱻ԭΣϵˣ󷭷˳ȥ
ϡ
ħǱߣ˽һû뵽˫µλϣȻڤӵĶ֡
ٿڤϣʱϣһ·ȻΪղ˹ͣˣֻڣǿŰˡ
ϵص棬ʱǸ쳾̣УֻɫɷףһѪӿȻղڤƴȫһ֮£Ҳܴᡣ
ǰ˸֮סߣ
ϵһڲٶһԶʷȥˡ
ߣڤһ㣬ղһ£ǵڶûлع
ֱڤϴӿʱڵӲžѹ׷ǰ鿴ϵơ

ڤɫһףҲ̲סһѪӿϵˣҲ׼ʥŽ׵Ϊ֪ղϣƴ˶ս
ڤϡ
ڤϿѪڤ೤ϽһôˣǻδڤϺ˵عڴڱչ޷ڤϼڤڵĶǵĻŶˡ
ڤϡô죿
λ϶Щ̻̲ȻҲֲõԤУε飬ûô򵥡
ڤؿڣɫɷףղħЩȥķȥֻ֣ɽ
ɽ
֣ڳ޲ǺȻһһãɽɽζʲô
ڤϡ˲ɣ
λϺȻѣô꣬ڤڻδ¹ɽһз󷨣ɽĻͬʱжһϵ
һΣصɽĳ̶
ڵһƬãɽ忴ȥ֮ǰڤڵʱ򣬾Ͳˣܵɽϣżǿķ󷨣ֻЩ󷨣׿
ǿз󣬽зɽֵܹסһλʥǿϮ


1230 ħ
ֱڣǻ˺£ʱҲûħͻôҲزɽĵزһڤȴͻȻɽֻš
ڤϣ׷£ڷǵ÷ɽɣ
ʱ˹Ҳ벻ףαȥһµľӢӣμħŵıԡ
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˿̣ڤȻħŵķ±вٵۣʼƽˮѾµڤڵʲôˣһΣҪ˳ȥһҲǼ׵¡
ļ죬ڤڶһɽ¥ĸоһ̿ҹ󷨷Ĺâͬһ㻮ҹգ˻̻̲
󷨵ȫЩգڤڻ⴫ѶٻȥһЩŵӡ
ЩӣڼǰȥһģڤڵĵӣݣȴλƽЩΪϵ͵ĳ֮ϡ
ʮĵӻصţ˾Ǽǰȥһģ걻֮ʱǻӢ˲˿꣬ȴǸѩꡣ
ǵΪѾ̤׼ʥ֮ʥȴվǴ˵ؼӿ˴츳Ҳͣһ˼꣬Ȼһ̤ʥһ̤ʥǱɷ֮ˣǴɻһħš
ȻǧڤȥһĵӣԶԶֹ඼һˣ˳ͻڳɱ˴ԪҲˣֻյأ֮ǧûһɹʥġ
λ׼ʥĹڤڵ԰һЩͬʱЩҲȥݼλһ׼ʥǰˡ
λ޳׼ʥǰǸǶһ㽲ˣǿģֻǰλ׼ʥȴЩģһˡ
һΣʹѾλ׼ʥڤڣȻδиÿ춼ڼӹɽķ󷨣ڤϣˣЩ죬˻δȫȬֳӹˡ
ЩҲԼķҲûȥΨм޳ҹΣһΡ
ǰʱҲҪҪ뿪ڤڣȻѾˣı£ҪȥҲ£ֻһߵĻҪõһȥһ͸ϼˡ
Է֮ǾȾ˵
չڷȴȻһɾҵ𵴣֮ϣ£ӰҲҡβѣݣǿҪˡ
¡
һ죬ݾһΣѣŷӰʣҲ׷ѣĴ齣һ´ѿˣ澹һѺ
һ˲䣬۾ȥߣֻ棬ɽҡضֹڤڣȻֻ֮У޸ĵӣŵĴҴܣԶܿзľʯ
¡
һ죬ɽ壬ǾһЩδվȣ̧ͷȥֻϳһӰ
Ӱգס˰죬ֻ뷢ףŵۣ˫ȴѪӿ²ѡ
졭ħӣ
һɿֲӰڤڵĳϣŵĵѣˣǱˣħŵšħӡ
˱޵֮ˣɺżһϹħħ֮ΪĺΪħӡ
䣡
һ죬ֻϣħһ£ʱɽѣľʯһЩӶܲʯУ޲ǿѪѹȥ

ʱһԶֻЩʯУ˲˹ȥʲô
δɷף˿ǵֲӰֵͷǣ޳ϣղҹ㣬˵˵ڤȡһȥһңҸչ͡
ߣ
ԣһѽסȥȻɽ嶼ţΨڣֻʱȫġ
ط޸ЩطȻҲ֣ȴܲסħӵĳ֮ʯ˵ֵס
ȥ·ϣвٵӱʯУŵûҲʦʦ֣ǣǽ𡭡ңȥʦ
Ҳ֪Ҳ
ü΢Ͼʯͬʱɲʩչøˣղ˵޳ڤԼȡһѾ֪ôˡ
ڤڼλ֪ڽӣ޳˼ȥջȥڤ˵Լ飬ǼԼǶԸħӡ
⼸ϼһҲʡ͵ĵƣҪȥԼԼˣħʥΪԼȥԸһʥǿߣǼ϶ó
棬һܣ˵꣬һԵľʯ档
Ҳȥ
Ծʯ棬Զ㳡ϾǿһλʥǿߣöԷԼϢ
ڹ㳡ϣ˰˸ϣڤ೤ϣԼЩΪ͵ߣڿ֧󷨡
ڤ̧ͷǵֲӰһ֧󷨣һЩ˵ħΪձһ¶ң顭
ߣ
ħһߣϷΪζﲻôôڱڤ϶Ҫţǲǣ䣬һƺݺ¡
һƣ˵ǿޱȣ֮ʱڤϷ˲һɫĹĻ磬¡һֵס
ǵڤλʦµķ󣬴ȻܹʱֵסħӵĹɴÿһ£ضǵضɽҡһЩ֮أܲסɳ֮׷ױ棬ڵҲԳʥǿߵϢ
ڤУһΣ̤ʥô˵ģͲڤڣħšƫƫһΣħһ̤ʥ
ʵһ죬ѾԤеˣԲɽ·ɽĳɹħϮһƱûзڤڡ
ʱвߴӸ˳ЩǶڵĸ֣׷ά󷨲ơ
ߣҿܳŶãڤ϶ˣٲһƣϷţ
ħӻ䣬һ£һƸޱȣ¡һʱ쳾Χļɽ壬³ʮɡ
ۣ
ЩڵߣҲܲסʥϢĳһһĿѪȥǶŵɫɷףڽ治ҳ
ڤ϶
ħһƽһ£ʱ춯صЩά󷨵ĶڡڳϣһһѪ¡
Զ棬ѾסˣҲüң뵱꣬ڼһĴڣʥϢ£˲һ
Щ׼ʥǴ˿ʧȥ󷨣ܲסʥǿߵһаʽʥĿֲ
ǵֲӰȥֻһʥ߶ѣѾ˿£Щ׼ʥȫ
ǽһʥˣħӣ᲻Ҳ˿Щһǿ£ͬǲһ


1231 ڽ
䣡䣡䣡
ħÿһ£һѪ£Χɽ壬Ҳ³һĻԽԽˡ
ǾǿֻŲѣʱһȻ˵ħӣţͲգͥǰ
˵֮ˣδһعλ׼ʥ֮һ
Ŷ
ħ˫Ŀһȥͥµˣ
Ȼǣ

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洫ĵԷԵ޹ʸôܶԷǺĿģĿģȥɽҲö
µһЦˣƶȸˣСѣڡ˵꣬ڤӿȥڤˡ

ڤ׷˳µ˼׷ͣʵк£
ֻڤ˫üʵʵ֪λʦڽ֮صġ
⡭
һʣµҲü·˳˼òŵ£ƶҲڰ
ô
ڤȻüͷȥ̧ͷµ˱˱ȭˣлµˡ
ˣƶ͸ˡµ˵ţһɨ̨̤ƮȻȥ
ڤڣָֻǴսǽһƬڤȻָʱλʦȻɱϾڡ
λʦѾڽ֮أ֪ڤڵĵλڻú֮һǧɣǡܹһ̤ʥ
뾡̤ʥһħٴϮʱȻܹλ֮󣬿Ҳѵֵסˡ
ڤ
ʱ˹ڤžѹ˴ʱλ˻նлСѳ֪£кοЧ֮
һ̣Զ˶źû뵽˿Ҳǫ
һУڹ㳡￴ţ˷һԺ
ܹ뵽ǰһ̣Է棬һһʦֵĽţȥʦһ̣ԷԶ֮ϣǳǿɼ


1235 
ѾһöǲҪһúֻĿǰԻúһУ̫Ϥұڤ˽һ£ٺò⣬Ҫһݻú֮صĵͼ
ҹ繳һص棬ƻӳӰǱڤӺ
ɹ񸮡Ƹڡ
ʱӱڤӿУ˽⵽˻ú֮صĸˣǸµˣǶˡɹˡ

ڤӵ˵ͷ˵ɹӶλΪˣ񸮾λΪˣƸϣΪˣھӱΪˡ
ĵͼ֣˼Ƭ̣ڻú֮صҲһ˽⡣
˴Ǻεأ
ֻͼ棬ֹĴ˵֣м䣬һɽ屻˳
ڤӿǵͼϵɽ壬˵ɽ壬壬úܣҡ
ôȻֹʵ
ڤüŵͼ˵һ£Ψлú֮سֱʱŻɽƽϢҡ
˴̧ͷһ֮˲ȥСѾҲȥط
Ŷ
Ŀ⣬ŵͼϣͬһô˵úˡ
ڤվһԣûĻʵС˵ָʲô
عȥɽ
ʲô
ɽ硱֣ڤԱɫһŻ૵ԭСѡ
һ£ˣֲΪ˹ɽᣬȹ˵ı£ȷʵʸڻú֮һ
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˵޷
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лѣһע⡣
˴ڤڶɹѣڤȷʵǺ˵㱱ڤӲҲĵġ

һ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰҪöͬ񻹸ӴԺԷκιϵˡ
ݣ
зȻһöӴ˽һһԭȴͬ
öͬ΢΢һȥ⣬ֻз紵ӰҡΣȴκһӰϢҲûС
ˡ
һͷһöһֱûͬ
ʱöͬûˣԺ棬ȴһĻĻϸֳ֮ǰڤһĻĻнհ졭

ºѾ˻ú֮صһ򣬹ȻҪȶ򴿾ࡣ
յͼϵָʾſĻҪ죬ܵ³ǣм仹Ҫǡ
һö˵ȥһЩ׼񣬲˹Ƶĵططκ谭
һ·ϣҲٵط˶ᵽˡޡ֣ʴʮ棬úڣΪԴᣬ궼ڱս֮С
ú֮棬˵඼֮ˣ棬ȴħ֮ˣһ壬Ϊ壬ԻúޣҲԹŶˮݡ
Щ죬ĳ򣬶ܻҹƵĻٵط˹ؿԷֹ޻ú档
ǰɽʱȻҪȥܹܣЩѾ޹أúҲãҲգĿֻһǹɽ
һʱһɽ룬յͼָʾԽɽ룬ǰߴԼǧһǣֻҪǰЪϢһޣ³ǡ
Լһɽһߣȴ·ɷ֣컯֮£ĪǾаɽ

һ죬ȻҲߣâϷĽ֮
Ҳоˣ
˿֮ĸӦǰǿˣҲԣǺȻܵħɷ֮ʵɽһַӦ
ߣȥ
һһݵһɽ±߷ȥ
ʱɽߣħɷ֮£б֮ȴʮˣһȺħ
С㣡ǱߵħԽԽˣģ

ֻѺ£кЩڵ۳һֻֻͿµħʮˣȫ档
ʮ棬Ϊ͵ߣһѵŮӣŮӿȥЩᣬԭɾ覵ѣʱҲѾմۻ࣬ʣµʮˣЩΪƽƽĻ
С㡭ģ
Ȼ䣬ֻħﳯŮӱһ״ֵȴħһҧֱ۶ҧˣȫʱѪ죬ҽ֮ϡ
޵ħ̫ǿҪӲ
С㣬Ǳߣ
СǱҲħɷ֮ˣһȾҲЩħ
СġǱˣǧҪЩħ
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ŮﱾЩ׭ɲ֪ΪΣħɷ£ķ׭ȫʧЧ
ʱֻǲħ棬Ȼƾնݳ߰˵ӰЩĸߴ󣬴װҲħƣΨΪ׵һŮӣȥһЩ
ֻŮһѪʮޣֻˣȴԵʮֱ£񣬸ǧ˪һ㺮䣬촽Ҳ·ȾѪһ죬ֻԶҿ
ޡС㣬˺󣡡Щ˳֣ߵʱһæŮӻ˺档
ڶ棬Ů䣬صͥŮˣͥЭȥץס
ԣ޺ʱ˹ȥɫһæɽȻ޼᲻ݵķɽʱһԷħɷ֮һ±㱻Ⱦ
ߡ
ߵסλŮһߣһӣƾٻʮֻħ͵سŮӿȥ
ƼЩħӿŮһȡһ̵֧ĵӣŵЩħٶȣһ±óٻˣȻƾ޷Щħ
ߣЩν֮ˣ㱾£ʲôһս޷˶ѡߣ
Ůһߣһ̣ȻһѪ⣬͵һ³ŮץȻһ˲䣬Ȼһâһһ½˻ȥ
ħɷ֮ҲһͻıâɢŮ΢΢һʲôɽһ¾ˡ硱ѵǵʥˣ


1236 
ɢȥ֮һӰҲٿȻǱˣȻָֻһʱâݡʱ㽫صħն
Щħһ˲㱻նŮӺ߽һ˺
ڶ棬Ůɫһ䣬ּһ׷ӣǶ˵ˣȵ˭ڴ˶£
£
һۣǬλȴڴħˣˣվͷŹǣٲߣ𡣡
㣡
ŮӵһۣȻ˫һ̧ʱϮ߶Ȼһģ
Ȼȴ䵭һ̧ĺ˿޷ֽһĻ߸һ˺ηʥ޾ħɷ
ŮȻҲû뵽Щ棬޾֮ġ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ٴ߶ȴһƷʱȫɢҲòȥ

޻ǰסвҲЩ˷ûԪ壬ΪξһҲ֮
ÿ
ŮƲһҧȻֳһΣʵĿȴһԵŮӡ
ȻСС۷ܿץŮӵһ˲䣬ѵǰһƻӳ顱һһ˵زأ˵Ҳᣬһ±㽫˳ȥ

Ůؿڣɫʱһף߼޻ţߣ
գԶȥ֮ǰŮӻعͷԹؿһۣ޺޵СӣҼסˡ
Ǽ˶ߺɽ棬ָʱ߲ηѣ˱ȭлȣ֪γƺ
·ƽѡ⸽вħǵġ˵ţ˵꣬ٴμɽ˲ɽȥ

׷ȥȻǲ˶ԷӰŮҲȥķ૵λӣδ͸¶
ҲաȿǵƣȻþ뿪˵ء߻ع˵Ļȥ

ĺɫʱѾһ֮£ǣԶԶȥʱ㲻߼ʣȷʵʮִ
˳Ÿʱ˷ɽͽǣгˮϢ֡
ԭΪʴ֮ضЩ׼֮أ룬ȻҲ˷Ĵǡ
ʱ뵽ʴ֮չŶµƬһЩ֮أûз֮أ
ʱǰߺȻһǰȥֻǰߵĵ·˸ˮйͨȴ֪Щĵʲôˡ
ʱֻ·ۣ˵ôǰЩգӳˡһǰӳȥΪʦһһúרŻԸЩ޵ġ
棿̫ˣЩޣ񲻵ˡ
˵ӳѾ̤ʥֵ洫һУҿûܼˣһأǶ˿ô񸮺ˡ
ӳ츳֮ߣ˵ϣ֮ϣȻɰ׺磬׷ӳһ˲á
һ˵ˣӳһξ￴Ůɱ£ǴھŮ
һأҪ군ˣҲˡ

һ·ϣвۣдǣһӳˡ
Щ·߷ĴԣҲû⣬ҹĻᴹʱһջЩŸ·ľ㷦ҪúЪϢһ¡
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ȣƶ˽뿪֮ʱֽסСֵܣһ¡
͹٣ʲôԸ
һ·Ҽ𡮹ӳ֣֪⹫ӳǺҲ
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Ŷ
ٺ٣͹٣֪ɣӳһǰ˻䣬ӳһѹˣ֮ǰ˵Ѿһ̤ʥأҶ֮
֪ˣȥæɡ
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Щ޳ӴܹٻħƺҲѰûʲôͬôҲЩ˿г˵Ĺ
ǺŮӣڻ֪ΪΣԺﻹֳ뿪ʱԹ񣬻һ䡰Ҽסˡȥ񲢷ǿ˵Ѫ
ҹ죬عҡҡͷΪúÿžɱ֮ˣǸ˹֣øղŵС˵û˰ɣ
һƣȥô࣬ʱǲ֮ˣҲ֪ǴӺʱʼƣʱһΣ£ҲƱδӣһΣȴûˡ

ڶ죬㼴ǰ³ǣ죬ڵĴǡ
ȷʵʮַϣҲһ죬֮ϣֽ¥ӡ
˳ǣܵ˳µ֮ǿҲΪһŨŨ֣ˣЩ׹
Сѣˡ
ǲãԶһ׷ĵӭǵֳַ⣬Ǳˣȴڤڣĺµˡ
ԭ㵽ҽջ
ǰȥǰµˣδжٽ䱸֮ģù澳ʶñ࣬ԷĻ죬ôһӲʶ
Ǻǡ
µЦЦ˵ڤڣұССѱסڤһ£ǰϳڸеȺСѣСѣһͬ
룬Ⱥһвȷ֮ˣ˺«ľʲôҩȻˣȻҲҪȥⶫ
Ǳ㷳·
ǺǣСѣµЦЦһɨʱһϷȥ
ԭⶫڵġɹǽڳУǳϷƲ֮ϣƲ㣬ܿƺ֮ϵһɽ֣Щɽ棬¥ȥɹһ㡣
ʱһֻһλѩӣۣȻʥ֮ˣǱˣǶͥ
Ȼ棬Ǿ˵Ϊˣʥҵ֮λ֮ɹɽһǣΪɲ֮ˡ
ͥԣһŮӣŮӾ죬ɽգΪµŮӣߣʱҲڵϣֻǴ˿˶ĬĬͷ˵ȻҲڽոջ³ǡ


1237 ֮
֣
֮ϣͥΣɫԽԵŮһۣ±߿ȥƽ֣Ҳһ𣡡
ѵ⣬±̧߲ͷһһ˲СϢŭСҲǡ
ʲôǣ
ͥȻһɫŮȥ˵һΣ㱻ץߣ֪ʲô𣡡
⡭ⲻû𡭡
ͷһίӣ̧ͷ׵䣺֪´ҡ
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ңҡ죬һί˵ģͷһƫҲƫ
㡭
ͥһָ±ߵ˶ͷ˵öɹҲֻŮҵ˶ײˡ
С㣬˵ˡæɫͥһ䣺Ҵȥ
С㣬߰ɡ
ϳεɫʾⲻҪʱײˡ
ߣ
νͷһƫŵϣֻ۾ģһίģҲҲֵЩǳ𣬱鱨Ѿõˣ˭֪ǻ
鱨ν鱨ųļϢĿıǹȥ
ͥһɫ߿ȥƭˣǾȻҲᱻƭ
ߵͷСһƶˣ飬С㲻ļƣգȷʵҶ˵ʧְ¹ҶԸ췣
顭һᱨģߣβ˲۾Ȼίȴһǿӡ
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ߣ
Ťͷߣ߻δߵſʱȴµ˻ˣ³ϡ
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Ϊˣɷ֮ȷûˣһͷ˪׷ˡ
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ҲһסˣһŷӦǰһ̴̻ۣһϲЦտתŵĸ׵룬ǵλӡ
µҲһ£ʲô
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ת˷ܵ˵ţ˵ͷԭǹԼµˣԭǶŮ
ʱͥҲӵƣһ۱Ƴز¶˵ԭ룬СŮ֮ˡ
΢΢˹֣£
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ͥһ̧ȥû뵽ԭǾŮǸˣˡ
δʱҲûаί֮ɫ֮£ɺϣҪˣȻǾԼˣЦɲ֪¹ӿˣһɽһ±޵ħɷ֮һӣնħ飬Ǹ飬͵ϮңȴһƸ˳ȥ
Ŷ
Ůôһ˵ͥҲ¶Цݣȴ˵ı£̤ʥħӿ⣬ʮ飬Ķ֣

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ʱȴʮӸλˣǴ˭飬ֻΪǸ˾Ů
ɲʲô£֮һЩǳԵĵ׵ģ˵˵ڻúǡΪ¶գ
⡭
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ú֮ĶԹ֮ҲһˣֻǽȷʵڲˣƵƵúңҲصģ˷ţһ֣ض
˱á
˵ͷڻú֮ķ¿ⶫƺȷѴ򲻻ü죬ŮЩڶԷɼȷʵ
ģǺŮӻ΢ЩУ⼸Щʵƽƽ˰ˡ
֮˵˵ޡµҲǡ
Ŷ
һ˵ͥɵǰһЦдģǱã˵֪ʦУ
˷ɽʦзԸǰ֡֡
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ͥ˵ͷᣬһΪȴǼΪҲضãţΪã˵һ
úˣ֦֣ͬͬȻʵϣ⼸ǧȴϣֻͥˣĸһͳˣΪú֮
ʶЩֿ꣬޵ͬʱҲڰвԼʩԡ˼ơȸּıȥȡԷ˲š
ȻгɱϾ̫ǿѾͥɵΪ֮Ҹ
Ľֵ°˰ʱ˱췴µǣؾ棬һǧ겻Ϲ򣬾˵ϹѾ̤ˣ
˵ĻһǿߣֻҪһ֣˲
ڣҲ췴£ҲһȻԭԭ򣬱
ӻúģκһˣȴƽ֮ƣңҲòɵĪһǰͳȥʦѧա
Щ꣬ͥܶʱ򣬶òһʵһҪԭ򣬱ֵûһ
˻Уʤˣɱһ˵Ҳǳҵĳʤˣͥкιϵ
ֵ£ҲһܹͥˣǾͲһˡ
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Щ꣬ҲĴѰ٣Ҳڹٵӣĵӣһǰ츳ߣһȣֵһᡣ
һΣû뵽ԼһܹһµˣĪǵ


1238 
һֱĺɫ٣ͥɹס£ȴԡߴʤΪɣлˡ
ʵɸ߿֮ϣɹ˲֪٣ȴûвϰ߹᲻ϰɹġߴʤأ
ֻɹһ˿ţж㣬ȻһɹȻע⡣
һȥ·УҼջҲɹס̹ͥȻ£һ˵ͥ£ͥŮͥȥסջ
³ǶϷһ÷֣Ϊ÷СԷͥպķʮ귽Žɡ
÷СԷռؼ㣬ɽƣˮģ˴ţɽ࣬о󷨣쳣棬ʮʺ
Ҫǣ÷СԷһϣκˣͥڣ޷档
ʶѰ֮ˣס÷СԷΣͥȴס˽ȥȴǱֱӽɹҪá
ҹĻᴹ֮ʱµ÷СԷһ̤ܵ˴˵쳣һЩš
˵󣬻ʮѾߣʮѾߣɲͨͨѾߣòܸ裬ͨ黭䱾ҲЩΪʩЩСС칬СŮˡ
һ·ϣ÷ɽɫȷʵѣһЩ̨ͤˮ鿵Ĳ֣ҲʮСɱ£ɽϣóͥҲд֮ˡ
һ¥̨ǰ԰÷ѩһЩ˺棬Щ˺̨֮ͤϣȾ˪Щļϣϣһɲǣȥӳˡ
벻֮Уһ֮ء
̤÷첽ͥԺԺɽʯ׾ˮ䣣м굽˼ɽȥ
µЦСѱסʲôҪܿڱǡСѾͷвҿЩ죬ÿ㣬ʱСѿĪ֣Ǻǡ

ҹ֮ʱʮѾµƼɹˣں¥̨ϣ÷СԷĻȷʵ˸еʮ̹Խ̹Խǲģ˴Ŀġ
ˡˡˡ
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ȥԡͰһӿԺֳָ˽հһĻĻ
ͥȻѿλҲ⣬Ψ⿪ٺòԷȫҪɽƾʲôõ
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ΪˣһΣͥ˷ȥţϣҲҪһ֣ôȥʿʱ߶׷׳ܣʱѿ
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һ⣬Цá
⡭
ͥԱߵ߿ȥϣ취ܷ鵽ŵĵӡ

ڶգںСͤ㣬ȴһˣƮƮ˴ɽɫӳɻȻǱˣȴͥŮΡ
ι
תȥֻЦ绨¹ӣһѽ˵ллҡ
·ƽҳݡ

Цݣǲϼգһ˫ˮĴۣ÷ͦģһ˲֪ô߰ɣߣҴȥ棡
ļգˣÿ춼÷ʱʱЩСΪ飬ò˳㣬߻ˣ֪жҪ˹飬Ӵƽƣ̤۷塣
ǰȴĲЩͨòҲοе֪һЩ˺޵飬ΪҪǣΨһĹɽ
ú֮ȷʵռһúú֮أֻһĿǰڡʥΨгֻúЧ
ʱȥգһգһں̨ͤ㣬һϼȻϸȴϼƼĺµˡ
µ
µԷջΪգοУ֪һ£һΣ˽һΪܳˣȥǱߣһޣúߵʿ
λˣ˵ĳҲ˳ƹӳǸˣǶĽ֮ӣ˵棬Ϊġ
ʣˣս֮ӣֳһսꪣս֮ʮ˵á
Ƹ񺮣״ӣΪʮ֮ߣһˣϹѩǱϹٺŮ츳Ϊڹӳ֮¡
գµ÷ѾµôˣڶԷ֮ǰҪȷһ£úǷܹõܹõúŻúޣ̸


1239 ӳ
ȻҲֱҪöúϾú֮Ҳͥһ˵㣬ҾĿǰԣ˲ûκοĵطҲͥΪѣҪģֻһƽ
ûʵõΨһ޻˵ʵǱһҪȥȡ
СѣЩ죬÷ɻסϰߣ
µ䵽ǰЦݺ㣬ʼһͰ׵ӣֲ˶Ϊõˡ
˴ɽˮ㣬Ǳ£˵»δл°һ֮أɲš
µЦСѿˣ룬СѾΣ£֪ôлСء
С¶ѣҳݣ˵յп÷СԷˣܲᣬרµİɣ
⡭
µЦЦԥƬ̣˵ʲôʱȴȵ˵ʮؼӿ֪ΪΣ
µĿ΢΢һͻȻԼ˵Ϲмأšʱʱؼӿʱ˼߾ͻͽԿ֮١
˵ͷԶɽɫص˵һʱչŶ˼ǿߣȫǳ䣬ЩųƲħ𣬶ˣһӹ֮١
⡭ȷʵϧЩ̤۷֮ǿˣЩϹžŵ伮Ҳȫʧˡ
µ̾
תǴ󣬲ŶƬͬʱɽҲһƬ˼䣬ÿЩ꣬ῪһΣҪɽ֮϶ȴһ¡
Ŷ
µĿһһؿ˵ͷԭСѣΪ˶
ټʾҲˣһҪȥɽ磬ĸطˣҪһУúһѾͷҲ߹ˣúǷʥĻú
ΣõŻú
ô
µȥǴЦСѲصģõöúȻƾʵȻҪʵԻú֮ףշʸõŻúҲǽɽ
ԭˡ
ѾˣԻú֮ףõȥɽ⵹ҲʵˣղŵҪ˵ʲô
µЦЦСӵҲ飬ȻˣҲĨˣ㽫һ£˵ˡ
Ŷ
Ŀ⣬˵ͥ˼ҴɹҲһͬǰȥңޣ
µЦˣСѣ޾ħɷӦܹƿҵ磬ʱ򣬱Сǰ·ƿ磬ֻҪƿʱ˵ˣɹȥ
á
ҲԣʵѲµˣµЦЦ˵գСѱ׼һ£⣬ڻúһ£һ˵ģСѷļɡ

һµ˻صɹص֮Уͥ⼸λ˴֮£ͥʵΣ
µЦһ£СѾӦֻ
ֻʲô
һµĳϼֹʵµʣ㲻Ҫÿ˵˵һ룬ֻʲô㵹ǿ˵
ٺ٣ĪĪ
µЦЦ㽫úһ˵ˣ֮ص漸λ϶ü룬ȻСӻġ
ô
Ǻ³ͥȥֻͥü˼˺Ƭ̧̣ͷ˵´󹦣úҲ˳ΪΣ

λףһ˵Ǳߣ˶ãҪ˳ҲܹλСѣˣϴλǰˣҲֲ˵ҿУֻǡ
˵˴ͥȥϾֻһλµСѣϾҶ֮ˣҲ׾ͽ
ͥ˵ͷ˵Ȼ֪Σ涫ˣú湦
µһţЦЦ㿴£ҪӦˣұȥ˵ʱۿɲܷڡ
ͥ˿ӣǺϣڶˣ˵仹֪պҶˣٺòڻúһ£ιٿ١

ʱֹȥգպµ洺ʱӣúһ£Ϊ˳
ˡ
СѣЩ׼ΣǱ㶯ǰʥʱ⼸˶ᵽоǡһ𣬲֪СǰǷˣ
ӳô
Ŀ΢΢һҡͷ֮ǰһ·ϣδ䱾ˡ
ãá
µ˵ͷЦգұܡ
˵ڶϣȥɹɹ棬ȻҲ֪ʱڵСۡ
ֱٽʱżƺ֮ϣһǽδƲӿȥߵˣܵһɷǷϢ
ӳˡ
˶ǽķȥֻһԽԽýһӰ
ϸˣһ覣òʮֿ콣ɣ֮УǴЩı䣬ȴ»һγü֮䣬һѰ֮Ѽĳס
⾶ֱ䵽ǰﹰ˹֣񣬼
ˣ
ͥڵϣ֮ҲʧµԱߣ΢ЦܵСѣλǳӡ
²Ⱦ˳µ˽ԼҲע⵽˺µԱŵ׷ˣʵµλǡ
µЦӣλƶǰ¹ӣһΣ¹ˣͬȥҡ
֮󣬳鲻䣬ֻһۣҵգִ׺ݱ壬λֵǹȥˣСģʱÿ˶˲ˡ
һգȻЩΣ˵ʱȥˣϺȡֻʱ򣬹ӳ˵Ӳˣȴôˣ
ۼΣµЦЩ׺ݣʱǼˣֻĬһЩܹǡ
ʱڵ⣬ҲвΧ͵һЩŮӣյ档
ӳٷ磬绪ÿŮеӣǺʣ׷ѩӣȥЩ䣬ƺҲ乫ӳ
ʱµ˱ǰʥڵĹԪˣԪڻúλãʥ˼壬Ҳ˹ͬ֯ÿÿ˻䣬ֻҪ֮£ڴٿ
³ȥԪǣԭĻҲҪʮգúؽд󷨣ߣĺʱ
ĺɫʱһ˱˹ԪǣԪ˵ŦռҪĵλãκһС˵úĴˡ
ȻҲŲ˵ԶɹģҲ񸮵ģƸ󣬺ͱڵģ֮⣬űɡ
µ˴ͳʥһʲ֪ԭ˵˶δҲõˡ
˱ʥЪϢһڶϵʱֶȥʥ̨Ǳߣֻһ˽ԸеһϣűֻһѪӰ̨ϣʱ̨һ±ߵˣʱһ
ս
ֻ̨ˣһɫףȾѪһ㣬ֻһۣ̲סһˣ֮ӣս
ʮ겻
սŲԶĳҲʱһ±˶˸սʮֺսǳԣȻհˣһԵļң˻̲סһ
ĿǴżĸоȥս֣
ڻ֮ʱһӰֳȣͳһһ²Ⱦ˳ֻϴЦȥȴƳǰ䡣
ǰ񺮣Ϊ
±һȵİӣƸ״ӣа񺮣Ȼһս֮УҲϧܣΪЩ͸ˡ
˲֮ʱ紵֮УƺȻƮѩϸǲѩǵѩ覵Ļꡣ
컨֮УֻһնڰУȴƽأѣֻһۣǴӴ˳λðĻ֮С
ѩ
Ůӵĵԭһֱգһ̷Ʊѩһ㣬¶ǳǳ΢Ц
ŮӰѩƴӻ߳һ˿΢Ļɡ
һ̣±߲˶óˣǱˣǱϹٺŮϹѩ
ʮǰһԣֻһУԸ䣬ǳԣֱڣ˶ǵá
ʱ̨±ߣϻ̨İŮӣΪζˡ


1240 
ʱϸϸһϹѩζźܴģҲ˵֮ζһʮֲ򵥵ĸоԨʼ޷ףָоǰŮϣûС
෴ǰŮӣǻú֮ŮȥԼԼһָ߸ϵĸо
ζȴȫûĸоҵһˣǶɾ֮ͽϣû֮ϵĸо෴ϣ·ʼձǧص
һڷϣƴϣǾһִţ
ҪȻδһִŰɣÿ˶ÿ˵ִţζִʲô֪
˿̣±˶̨֮ϣúλ֮ܳˣҲ˵ΪҲһЩ֮أڸˣʱվ̨ϵˣȴΪϤģҲ϶Ļúܳˡ
ֻϹѩƮƮ̨ϣ棬Ⱦ˳Ǿӣǳ̨ӳԲѡ
˵ӣһЩŮ˿ҲճյŵȽԼҲҪһôһΪ
˹ȥû֮ǰ䵭Ʊѩһ㣬һЦѩ
̼ǵһǰʱʱ򣬳ֻǳƺΪϹٹȴǳƺΪѩ֮ûʲô
ϹѩʱҲ˹˵ͷǴкȻûҲûЦݣʱû֮ǰԼĸ߸ϣˮᡣ
ʱµССѣҲȥ⡭ǵ֮ǰ˵ġ

ûжԣ˫һ㣬㼴ƮƮ̨Ϸȥ±˼һ׷̨Ϸȥһ㶣˭
ֱһȺﴫǶͥʱŵˣ˵֮ǰͥŮ˶Ըޣ˶һű¡
ǶţҲȻֻȴ͸־ʲô£ǿȥƽƽ棬ܹ˴̳һͬǰ
ʱµվ˳ЦλСѣҲȥңλӦûʲôɣ
Ŵԣˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ȻǶŵģʲô
ȥң˵ĽеĻܳɹĵȥöԷ׼
˵һμȻǹʿͬʱ˵λǰȥȻ͵͵͵Ϯ͵ϮˣҲ𲻵ʿãЩݡ
һΣ˱ǴĶȥҲǱ߽ӵ鱨ܷ
ʱ̨֮ϣ쪣վһԣ̳ȥȷʵЩ룬ǹӳ
ӳ棬עĿģҹ֮УǳȴûʲôݣֶǼٵġ
׼һ֮˱㼴̣⣬һЩߣ˴Ҳһͬǰȥ
ԼڹǱߣԭפ˲˵ߣֻǱħɷ̫ǿҲܹƿ磬˲òһδγˣڼʧС
ǣϣܹһͻƹңʿս˥Ļɢǲսܡ
ڻúĶǻú޵ı߾֮أθӣǧɽ֣׽ѳԹҡ
ҾһϿȣһɽ壬һƬܴĵطúҲŲ̵һξ룬ȥĻʮ££ؽд󷨣˹ȥҵʱܵ
ʱһѾңԶԶȥȺɽ㲣ϲݿݣ籯֣ؼ䣬ҲƶһԵ
ǻú޵սЩʯ֮£ǧ֪˶ٿݹǣлúߵģҲսʿġÿÿ֮ʱЩʯ£ޡ
ԽǰԽһɭĸоǰߣںߣ䱸Էڴ˲
˴صһЩ
Ϲѩ˫ü΢Ѿһѩ׵ɽߣԪ΢ҲԵʮֽΨ˵սȥ˿壬һѪɫսꪣĿҲ¡
Ǽո˵ǰɺЩߣԽǰȴԽǸеëȻҲԽԽ谵·Щʯ£Ӱ䣬޵ħʱһۿˣҲһ
ơơ
ڽ֮ʱ֪ȻһֽУ˶㤵תͷȥȴʮֻѻƼһ㣬Ϸɴȥˣ±ߣм߸õʬ塣
⡭
˶ŵɫɷףСЩ߾֮سذ̣ˣͬţħȾΪħ
СһЩ
˫ü΢䣬һҲһⲻɽ
Զ˿˵˵Ƕפ컹δڣȴһӰҲƲ
Ҳǰߣ߰ɡ
ɽǰ·˵أʱҲ䱸ţʶȴ˶࣬ղʱôһ˲䣬֪Ǵ˴֮ƺЩ쳣
һ˼ǰĺɫʱһʯ֮£ƻ֮£һᾹַ壬˼ɭȻ֮УʱǰߺȻһǾǰˡ
ȥ棬Ȼ֮ǰ˵ߣȫۼڴˣҲ٣ֻǴʱȥЩͷɥ
ӣˣ
ʱˣмΪϸߵߣѸǺߵ˿˿ЩήҲüʵ֮ǰ޽ˣ

һ̾ͷȥ˺һһ˲̧ͷЩħɷʵ̫˲ǱߣǰЩգò
ԭˡ
ԶЩ˿˿˵޷ƿǵ磬Ǳһ·񹥽
Ŵԣ߲˶Ǿһˣӳʮ꣬ͨ޾Щ޵ħɷ֮ƿǵ磬ЩħɷƳҪȥǱ׾٣
áã
ͷʱע⵽վһһµüʵλǡ
λµѣͥ˵µѣжԸ޵ⷽ˴˹
Ŷ
һжԸ޵ⷽʯ棬˶˹߸Ŀ˸˸һСѿʲô취ԸЩޣ
һ̣˶ϢжԸ޵ĺ÷Ǳٺòˡ
ʱĬȻԶɽӰȥֻʵ磬˴жԶ


1241 
һֱ磬ڳ˶һ㶣ѵа취ƿ磿
˵ڴ˵ϷԼһǧ֮ѱ֣ҵ޷ȥһͼǿдԽرУ֮ʴ
жˡٴֱʵ
⡭
Ǻ룬ֳ˿˿عͷ˵Żǵġһǧҡ

΢΢˵ͷ˵ȫۼճʱ׼硣
һԣڳ˸һǼλ٣Ҳ˵ƾƵģţ
ʱȥ˵ȷҪˣճʱһʱƬ޷ƿ磬ǰ˾ۼʱ
һ̣˶룬׷ˣǺȥƺȷʵЩز¶
ճʱ׼ʱ磬˾ۼʱ繥֮Ǻȥս
ŴԣҲһʱڣûܹ磬ֵΣҪȫһһ֮ǵӿΣա
ʱϹѩҲ˹䵭صʱ޷磬˶վǳֱʣ㵣𣿡
˹ȥȻͥˣãֻ𣿡˵ֱ꣬ȥ
ˣ㶿ԶȥıӰ룬ʲôˣѰ˶Ϲѩ͹ӳĸ˵
˼ҲϹѩߣԶȥıӰһЦ
һƹҹ֮ʱãռ߻򸽽˴ȥѶȫ߾ۼճʱ硣

ʱڹҲפŲսʿȻҲΪߵ޽
ߣһΣʲôˣ
ֻ棬վһݵĺ۴󽫾Ŵ˴λúǶûаֻҺͼɵ˼ӡ
ؽģǳ񡭡
Ŷ
۽Ŀ⣬ͷЦһҵʲô֮ǰԭȴǼδɵëӡƾǼС޶Ҳ磬Ц
⡭˵ǳᣬȴʥΪЩר塭
ߣһССëмɱ£ǳϼһǰҲգαǣȫ޻أ
ں۽˵ʱȻ߽һӰ˵ҪΪãҴ˴ΣϹѩҲڣԼսͰ񺮣ˣöԸ
ֻһ£޲ɷȴɽ˵Ůӡ
ôˣ
ӭԭŮӲǱˣȴŮ顣
۽ģǵܹƿǲ磬Ҳƿ磬ʱǸóȻ磬ĩˣһ򾡡
˱á
˵ͷһΣȴʼЩüϣ޼رܡ

峿Ѿڵĵطֻǰߣ𽥿ʼе֣˶һĺܵһʴ壬Ҳܡ
Լǰ˶ʮԽԽŨǰԶɽҲһǱˡ
ǰˡ
ǰһ磬˶̲ס˸֮ǰóȻ룬ʧأ񿴼磬δȸеһ¡

˵һ䣬漴չ紦ȥ˼ɹȥһϢ񣬽ŵעš
ϹѩսҲŷȥȻһȥǲȻӿˮһ㣬˷ӿҪûһ㡣
Сģ
ɤۣˣиʩչǲӿĺ֮Ͼ̫Ȼܹ֮ԶԶģǲ˹˲Զȥ
㲻а취ƿ𣿡
ʮ߶ֵȥȴһȻƺδħɷ֮Ҳû뵽ˣҲȫֵסħɷ

һ죬ֻնɽâһµֵסǲӿĺ
ȻƾһȴǲϹѩҲɽֵӿĺһߣսҲȫһսꪣأǲӿĺԻ˻ȥ
˫ֽӡһӡǺȥ˺֮£ǿסȻҲֻǳƽҪƳĿǰǸܡ
磬
ȻҲû뵽ԭΪƾϹѩܹ֮ƿ磬̫Сһˡ
ۼǺӿԽԽңҪûһ㣬߽ľ
һ߼ȥɻδڣһɱâɳһ±㽫ǹˡ
һâϹѩͳмɹȥ˽΢΢һȷӦֻѴм˹ȥ˫һᣬ֮쳹أ漴һɽ֮ӿȥǹˡ
⡭
һĻʵ޷Ȼ
Ҳһ㶣ֻؾ£Ȼȴ˿ʴ
һּ̣˫һһΣ֮ϣҲ֮صҶȻǣ֮£˲۳һӰ
𡪡
ӰɳʱǲˣҶƮʱԲʮĲѾȫɢڡ
Ѿȫˣʱ˿̣ǳʱһ̲࣬һ̲١


1242 
⡭
ʵƾһˣƿ磬ôܣѵķպÿЩħɷ
磬ǹ⿿Ƴģ仰˵ʹλ٣Ҳδܹ˳ƿ硣
ô˾ҲȻʤΪζԷƫƫܹƿ磿
һ̣˲˵ĵճʱ׼磬ǳʱ
˴ʱҲԴɻؿ֮ǰһ·ϣ˲δﲻˣȻ΢⣬Ҳֻ⣬̸⡣
ڿ˸ղչֳʵȷʵЩе⣬׿Ƴ˵Ǹղһһ֮˿ǵκһˡ
սͰû̫࣬ΪǲǶ˵ˣʱȴһƽϡ
ƣλԹˡ
ת˵ţ֮ǰµ˵ģڱҪ֮ʱٿʵ෴ҪߣʵΪֻǶˣһɹ
ʱηѣǰУɢʱȥʱ
˸ߣʱǰͦȻһȴһɽǰɽ棬Ϊ֣֮ȥ֮ǰ磬Ҫöˡ
硭
Ϲѩü΢ǰ֮˵ҪѰö࣬ʹƿ֮һڣֻ¾£ȫƳ󷨡
ô죿
һվ˳¶΢΢ɫǰֵɽ룬֮ǰûԭΪֻҪƿǲͿˣû뵽Ȼһ磬Ҫβƿ
Сѡ㿴
ǰһƿ磬˱ȻȻȥ
ʱֻü΢ղһɲǣ֪ǴʲôָӦ˴˵Щ쳣
˺󡣡
عȥ룬һε˹¹ң֮õúһУ޹ء
ȥȫϢ񣬽ŵעȻһΣκ󣬼Ҳ޷ƿ硣
ô¡
Ҳ޷֮Ƴϲ¶˽֮ɫҲȥȻǶˣҲͬ޷ƿ硣
һԿ
˵ҲȻǼ֮ȴҲֻǿɢһħɷûãЩħɷֻ¾£˸ȥ
ô죿
޹֮󣬸˶üۿѾ棬ȴֱ裬ѲҪ˻ȥ
棬Ҫƿ磬ͱҪȥ棬Ƴ
Ϲѩɽ˵˵գת˿ȥ
Ҳ˵Ҫ˽棬ƿС
ü˼һ̧ͷ棬ħɷأҵȻԪ壬ҲԳŹƬ̣⡭
һĪչ֮Уʱȥ˼ȥһ㶣㡭
΢΢عͷȥλȺ˵գһ˲ûС

˶һ˵ǣǻһλʥǿˣóȻ磬Ҳ˵ħɷʴȻ˾Ǻ
ҲŸղʧĵطˣ˿޾֮

ʱػ֣УƬ̣ضʧ㱻ħɷʴΪħ
棬ʶȴǱøˣΧ֮˵ʴһЩ֮ɢȥ
ûãҵЩڣԼ֮Ҳ֪ΪΣԴӵȥħڣڰ׹ǳǴǹʶӦ֮Ӵ˶󷨱Ϊˡ
󷨣ǲõʮأ˴ˣҲҵÿһţҵڣ֮Ƴ
ȻһУȴƶۻʶӦ֮£Щ󷨷·Լ˹âһš
ΪĶǰԼҲûע⵽ɡ

ʱһһ̹ȥ˶ȵýޱȣձ֮ʱֻɽ棬ħɷȻɢˡ
ɢˡƳˣ
˶˷ܵǰܿ죬֮ѾȫɢȥԶԶȥɽһϴ֮ǰɭ֮С
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ǺǵѪֱ˶ȻеһͷĿѣ߲ɱһ˲䣬Ʋ˴ҲѪȾˣħ𣬲䣬ɱ졭

־֮ʱȻѪ߳嵽ǰôˣ
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Ȼʱɱ죬ѪȲķңʱҲ˲ȥôˣһһȥ
Ҳȥ֮ʱԶЩߣʱ֮ȫɱȥ
Ҳ漴չΣȥɵȥ֮󣬿ǰһĻʱȴһסˡ


1243 
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ֻסŵģˣˣǲħҲߣֻ壬ͨ˶ѡ
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˵ͥЩˣƭˣ޵֮ʶúΪɣһս
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֮УȻ꣬ŵЩԭͲ˸ɪɪ
ȥҵд񣬴ߡ

꽫ʱȥܿҵ˵Щڻͨˡ
ʶ˷̽ȥҲ׼ҵЩڣ̼ɹȥΪҪʮͨڼߣһ¡
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ħռһϹ˹ǺϢ̫أ˷֣ض鷳ƽǬУ
ʱȻҲףңǰ߱޺ǿߣȻúʮˣЩ͹ȥôЩڹұɡ
СӡϷ˵ûУͷϷȫʢʱڡ
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Щ޽ʿһúߴʮ˹һлһµŮӣ޹顣
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ɷ˵һն޵ϣѪǷޱȣָһһһɲǣĵסˡ


1244 칦
漸޺һ׷ӵӣƺˡ
˵ѾˣжҲ֪ͳڣ뿪
ǰλ޹˵š
ƿ磬ιý
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ѴҪΣ⡣һۣһɿ޵һ˲䲻Ӱ

λţһλὫȥķ˵ǻúˡ
Լãһλʵ
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ôˣú˺ܿͻṥ̴˳޺ˣ
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ĶţЦҾûսǰսˣֻնɱ壬ǧˡ

ʸӢ˵ͷҲ⣬ǱߣϹٺʵѩ˴նɱսʿ
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һԣ˵Ŀ漴ϣͥҲǴ⣬˴¼ߵУǱȳ࣬ң˺͵Ҫˡ
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һߣǱɫȴЩÿǰһ仰ĪڰӵأôѲɴ˾磬ͱȫֹΪˣΪúµĺˣ
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ζȥɡ
ʱ棬ҲޱȣЦһ±ߣӭ洵ķ磬Ҳ̹Ǻ⡣
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μ˵һЦ֪õǿŻúõȥɽΪ£ôӾʹɲصˣһεǻѻúģİɣҲ˷Եġ
ˣлˣ⡭һ˾һιȥɡ
һۣ˵꣬һȥһ£Ȼعʱ̴УȴѲӰ


1245 ɱ
һ˵ϣӭ洵磬ȴʹ顣
һɲǣԺȻĳѪ̳ɵĳⳤҪҲա
ڵǸߣҲ֪ȴΪȥɽȻһδɱЩˣֺγ
һԶɽ̼࣬ǵãδ˵ϲģ˼ˣһһľϲ
úޣ޹أôˣȴ㽫õɽ¶δֻ֪Ρ
ˣˡ
ҲԸȥ룬ֻΣõúõȥɽһУͶ޹ˡ

޺ú㣬ȻúҪ࣬ط㣬һʮֶӣµǣǱһЩϹδ֪գһЩѺۣԼǿ׳һ壬ҲʺϾסһЩط
ʴˣ֮أʴʮ棬Ϊյһأƻú㷱֮˾ۼ
Ȼˣһȴʮǿǧǿ˿ѷɫúǿߣֻס֮أö֮˱֮ٻħҲˣһűΪħ塢塣
ʵһ棬ħ壬Ҳͨˣֻ֮ȶӻǧݻطûеƩħɷٻħȡ
ʱ޺εĲҰܣһ壬ʿҲЩԡ
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ΪߣóȻж
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ô죬ѵҪطҲȥ𡭡
ָڴʱȻ߽һ£뷢׵ߣ磬飬óȻж»ӳ顭
ʦ㡭ôˣ

ʮ죬Ѿص³ǵ÷СԷЩգҲԱ÷֣Ҳûȥˡ
֮ǰʮѾߣҲɹˣ֮ǰ֪ú˵࣬ڿú˵˼ǳѱʮѾߣͥߣмġ
ʶЩ죬ҲֻλʱͥŮûʲô֮УŮ˼丸ǰı㡣
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Ż֮⻭δϲ˼𣿻Ⱥɣѩ͡Ϫۡ񣬲Ѱġհֹձơ죬ա֮֮ע
˵ţ˲סˣ˺һ̧ͷʱŻع
ǹ

æҡ֣˵Ǻǰһλǰֻǣõѡ
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֪ΪΣȻ̾μ̾ʵӺι̾Ϣ
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һ£漴عָһ˵ӣϸΣ

΢΢ףͷϸȻʱȴȻһ˿ɱһ̧ͷֻժ·һ㳯
ⷢȻطʮʶ񣬾һ˲䣬ץס˭

αץסʱһƺߣɫһףһ»ûԭģԭΣ޹顣
ԭ㡭
ǰ޲ɷŮӣ˾ͨû֮ղžȻûпֻ޹ӿ治СҶǱ³ɱ
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Ŀ⵭ĩָһۣķݡһϣı£һЩ
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ָһ󣬾ʱϺһϢһһɲǣһһĸ¥С

ע٣˾ͼʮʫƷ桷죬Ҳǹ


1246 
ֻϣһϼȴǺµˣ鲻䣬ָһһָǷȫ
µ䵽ԺУֳ￴˿ʵšο
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ˣ͵ˣ⣬Ҳлͥ
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ı㡣
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ôˣ
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ʱһΣȥˣ÷СԷΪʥһβС롣
Ȼؼӿ˴ʹһЩ̤ʥˣǧ٣ʥȵùǧǰǰǧ٣ʥ֮ˣ
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ʱһ䣬ϢĿ۾֪Ǻµˡ


1247 
ǰѾȷȥʥˡ
ȥűߣŴ򿪣ֻµվͥ⣬ȻɫȴƽʱЩ̫һû˴ǰЦݡ
ôˣʱӣ֪αȻ顣
ʱµ˲¶Цݣ˵աС˵µģǰλˣΪ
Ϊʲô
üͷһ壬ʵ
µǿЦЦ˵ΪСѴ˴ȷʵй˹Сõúԡ
ʲô
ϣƽƽЩµ˵ԤˣΪԷŴ֮󣬱ػᲪȻŭû뵽ȴƽƽû뷨
µ˼˵СõһŻúõһ
һ䵭˵
ʱĿע£µֻеڣֻЦΣ˵Сѿ֪֮ģ
ǿµεЦЦ˵ǰգΪСܹ֮Ĵأõú
Ϊ֮ġ
ɫȻƽȴ˵ĺ䣬µܹоЦݲģ˵޺ĶһطΪڲ޴󣬶ڣ֮ġ
˴µͣͣɲ˵ϹʮдڣúʼԿޡ
ǣҪȥƻ󡣡
һɲǣ·øӱˣҲúµ˸еʮֲʣ˵ⲻ֮޷ȥ¿ֻСһܹȥ
ͣһµ˼˵ֻҪȡ֮ģȻ֧Ų˶ãʱСֻ뽫֮ĴرǣúСѵˡ
⻰ͥ׿ڸ㽲ġ
䣬һΣҲˣµϻǿЦݣǡС㿴
Ҫ
á
ɹͥȷ˴£ȴʮֲϣҲ𽥱ñ£λ϶ͷ˼Ĭ
˺һͥſڵ׼ˣպչжأΪȷȫʱ˻ɸڲ֮ؽӦ
Ƿõ֮ģǱú
Щ䣬ʱҲ֮ǰˣڿ˫ȫһ׮ףҲûʲô˵ġ
ͥ˵ͷĽĳҲ޷˽ţ
˵
һֹ̧ס˵ȥ漴תȥߵſ֮ʱֻعͷպȥϣʱܹسŵ
һ仰ЩĪ˵ǵϵļλϣ֪ΪΣǸеһЩȻعʱԷȴѾȥˡ
㿴
ʱһ³ϻعͥȥͥüòŵɡ

һ޹⣬ҹຮ͵Ĵڸ¥˫գԺȴǰһĻĻ
ȥ޴󣬻úˣضܹ˳ޣȡ֮ǡ
֮ȡأ޷õȥɽһɽ翪֮գûܹõĻǿ£Ҫٵһˡ
źϴӸܹԺʱɣܹٵһӣδεһӣ
һ֮ʱδҲˡ
ҹ࣬ĴŴģգһɲǣǹѶ˭ҲȰ衣
֮ɳĸѾˣڻú򣬵Ҫȥ봩һƬ֮ء
Ƭ֮ػʮֶӣϡʱѺ۷籩ϯϹޣ֣κ˾ס
Իú޶ȥطʹΪһƬ֮أֻб׷ɱ֮ˣͶ·ˣŻ֮ܣܽȥˣҲˡ
֮ǰµٴѵСȥ޺֮󣬶ҪСģʵ޷õ֮ģ˳޷
ûжԣȥ˴˴ɳĸֻˣڻú˴ӱ˳죬·ϵ󷨣ɽһ·֮أ֮غ󣬱ͽˡ
֮Ѿ֮أǰʯذХɳʯв񣬵ϲޣΨаڵĹǺһ
ɳٸ֣λΪѴ׼ʥ۷ߣɼˣ֮غ󣬸ɲҴ⣬Ҵ֮籩
ʴ֮ŶµһƬطѺۣһЩѺ۵Уʮ
ΪֲѺ۷籩ǰ𵴱ǵʱʴ֮أ֪Ҫˡ
֮յشΪѾʥ֮ˣҲҵġ
˿ɳңȥȫϢСƬ֮أҲκηޣΨеһƬһƬĺǡ
Ҳвӵ֮նˣȻƬ֮ûн֮ǰֲҲΪúеĿ־壬Щطշ籩Ҳӵ
Ƭ֮Сʱ䣬޺ĵؽԽԽˡ
ԽǰҲԽܹܵǹɱϢһƬʯ£һ˵ǰԶǲˣǲټǰˣܻ޵ע⣬ǽֻСһˡ
عͷ˿һۣ˵λټǰˡ

һ˵ߵ˵ͷ֣˵ǻӦסһ벻޵򣬱ҪʮСģǳɹõ֮ĺ󣬱ضᴥʱ޵ĸֻʱһҪסΣٶȻսһˣôǿܾͶ߲ˡ
ϴ칦ϣߣʱ˵ͷٶԣһǰȥˣܿ죬Ӱʧɳ
Ӱʧķ򣬽һѣԶҪõ֮ģǵôף
ɳۣ֪˶ãѾ𽥰ˣҹĻᴹ֮£Ƭ֮ظԵɭ¡
һ¸ΧһУӳյøѾȥϢ֪޺޺Ǻͬúһ㣬ʯᾣҲɽȡ
ֻط֮Щ֮еܹͬȴ۾޷һУú֮ˣػε֮ʴ
ˣú˵˲׽޺һ޴ȥ֮ôЩ֮Ҳʱɢʱڻú˵˶ԣ֮أ


1248 ֮
֮ȥȫϢСУⱻ֡
֮Ѿڣ⸽أǻǰǱ˷֣ߴ޽ơ
⾳֮£һнƣκһǰĻ󷨣޷ӹʶ̽졣
Ҳ벻ڴ˲µؽƣ񾹻׵رܿٻú棬λҲ
ݣ
һöϢŵһȻֻʱʧȥʶ
һ󸽽зŵˣ󷨣ܹоžŰʮһš
Ѱ֮ˣ޷Щڣ󷨣ȴǰ࣬ʶ֮£ЩǻһΪ
һͽƣȻҲܡСģֻ֮һѪ解⻪ʱʱǳ˵໺
֮ˣֻҪ֮ȡߣȻ̱ʧȥһ𽥡ή
ԵģҪȡ֮ģȽʮһƻһ㲻ȡ֮ģҲ̱ͬͬû֫
ܹԽؽƣǿ
ʱһֱڲԶֻһʯ󷽣߳һӰԵʮֿӴһꪣ˲
ʣһǿߣʵħӵͣ䱸ҲѰö롣
ϧｫ֮ء
ǿ˵գȻһնâʱһ磬˺һ㣬δʯȴ˲䱬ѣΪһƬڵĵ棬Ҳܲסɸ͵һѿˡ
һ壬ƣͬΪ֮£ú߾ԱȲһǿߡ
ʱ˸͵ҲȥӲӣ˫һţ˲һ㽫ö뾡˳ȥ

ȴֻһ죬öȥ룬ǿֵ
ķ뱾£ǳ뻯ܹס֮ˣطǷ֮벻ǿֲ߲ӦٶȣҲ֮졣
Ȱ
ǿսһɨһѪɫâ˲䳯նϣѺ֮һ£
һâ˹ȥһ˲䣬ǿߺȻԾһ㣬һꪳ
¡
һ죬صĳʱ÷Բʮڣһ̳̳֮УӰѷɲչٴαܿǿһꪣȿĹ£޷
ߣ
һߣǿߺһɨ̳ɢȥϣȻѪһǿ
һ£üָһ£Ҳһ㵭ɫ
ת˲䣬ǿѹʵڿ£ȻҲСӦ
˶Ƭ̣⸽Ƿɳʯ¡¡ҲȥˣȻɲǣǿߺȻһɨ

һ죬δܱܿһꪣֱӱ˳ȥҺϴףһ֮£ȻѾ
ߣһ֮£𣬿ǣҲǿ֪һΣǷܿס
ǿȻͣƺȴЩǻúߣղһ֮£ȻѾб׻ȴΪֻǸǿ
һ˲䣬Ѿ뵽Ը˵ķˣһΣ˲𴦣ǿһûãٶٿ죬Ҳ㲻ҵ֮䣬һꪳնȥ
һȷʵ켫ͣȻһնʱǵʱѿѺۣ̳Ӱһ˲ɢˡ
ǿĿһ䣬ȻղһꪣնеֻķӰ֮
ߣǻúˣͻЩСϧǰûã
ת˲䣬ǿһͳնһ˲䣬ͬɲʩչ˼£ֻԭһӰ
ľˮ
Ȼֻסӡһ»ȫȻ˷ֱ治ʵ
ߣ
ǿսһɨѪɫâɳһһķӰն𣬾һȥ֮ʱ֮УȻһǿȥ

Ϯǿתһ˫ֺꪣסһ
âĿ˫ǿһʱ֮䣬òȥȻղն̶Ƭ̼䣬δָ
ô˻ᣬһƴ顱һǿ߸Ǳòסȥվ֮ʱݡӭö뼤
ͣͣͣ
⼸ö룬׼ǿ߼ѨϣһʱɼˣǰսȻֲ͵һӣһѪɫâնȥ
˲չɲܿͬʱƵǿȥָһӣݡö뷢˳ȥ

ǿ߷һƺߣ̶Ƭ֮䣬ʮö壬ȫѨסˡ
һֻ̣ɫɷף£ȴصϥȥ㡭㡭
ӿ£һ̲ԥ˫ֽӡϺǧ˿ưɳһ½ǿ߷ӡסˣֻнһӡһ´ǿü֮ϡ
㡭
ǿŬҪȴʧȥʶ顱һӴ赹ȥس
˫ƽڵָЩԪ֮棬뾡ȡ֮ģղŵĴ򶷣ȻѾˣܿͻ˸ϵ
һַ̣·ԥգһᣬ˫һһ»ʮһ׼ʮһŷȥ
ʮһʮһ룬ãɫԽԽ԰ף亹乣ȶֻһԾУһ±㽫֮ȡ
䣡䣡䣡
ȡ֮ĵһ̣ԲǧʱضɽҡֹƽҪһ㣬һҲƺпҷӿ
֮һ뿪󷨣ЩǿߣȻ̸ܹӦͣ뾡뿪޺Щǿ߸¾߲ˡ
վס
뿪֮ʱԶȻ˴ƬӰǸսʿЩ˵Ϊƽƽ棬ûᣬһʱȥ
Ȼһ˲䣬ȴһӰǰһָ㡭֮ģ
ֻǰ֮һϼ续Ȼʱȴޱȵĸӣ顣


1249 
ÿ
䣬ͥԺһ;
ȴ˿壬е޵ȻָҲͬ䣺á

ߵļٸ޽ʿҲϵˣһ̣ܹоǿµϢǸǶ֣һϣԷҲһǡ
˵һ飬ÿ
ʱ˿̣·ֱǸ飬˲ҿ֮
ͬһһͦҲ˵һ飬֮¡
˫ţЩ޽ʿҲ쪣һɲǣþЩ̹ǡ
˴ʱȥ˱䣬ͬǣһı䣬Դһ˿֮ɫеĵȴ˾
ÿ
ԣǰһ壬һɾ缤ȥ顰⡱ȥ޵ȴǽգվ֮ٿһ㳯ȥ

һ죬ָס˵棬ʱ񣬱κʱҪ䣬ΧĿҲҪ̳ɱ
ȴûа־⣬˫ۣһһұҲ֮ġ
ϧ̫ˡ
䵭䣬һ壬顱һ㽫òȥ

߲޻һȻʱȴһ䣬Ǹ˻ȥ
֮Ѫ
Ȼһȣ£ʱѪ֣ԭ˵һɲǣģЩ¡
ֻһѪɫԭγ˫۱Ѫ죬ѩ覵˫ۣһѪµצһ˲䣬ǿʮֹ

Ѫ֮֮Щ޻һһˣȻܻ֮ٶȷ࣬ȴǼΪѪ֮
ҪǣǱˣˣҲ֮ѪɣԽԽбѪԾʧҲҲ޷ˣϼֹκ˽Բױ֮
ô
䵭䣬Ȼȥ֮ȻԾ׼ʥ֮顱һ죬ײʱɡ
䣡䣡䣡
ԽսԽңȻѾ֮ʱΪȻԶԶ
飡
һ죬ֻһ˳ȥߵ޻һ

鷢һХٴѪצѪ͵سץȻһһΣȻǿܹһץ㽫һµ׼ʥƶǣ˲֣ʵѾܹһʥ˿⡣
飡
һ죬һ½סˣ㵱ΪҲɱ㣿
£޺޵ص˵ձҲҪֹ֮ġ
˵֮ʱֻȫѪڵѪƷһ㣬˫۱øѪ죬ؿѩ׵ļҲѪ£ϣѪɫ·ǽӽȫ޻ˡ
Ҫ
޻һۼѪ񱩣˽ŵòᣬ֪壬ΨѪģһѪ񱩣ôһ˲ͻʥһһͻԾʧԶҲ䲻ȥˡ
㿴ңֹܹô
һ̣ҲԶǰͳˣüһһ˲䣬˿ԥĹϴȥʮ
һӦǴġ㡱ץסᣬһɢѪ漴һƣһƸֱӽ˳ȥͬʱҲ񱩵Ѫѹȥ

鷢һƺߣʧȥѪܿ죬ֱԭģԶ˼ˣ˿
һۣԣҪ뿪һ죺վס
ԭΪû뵽һ̣ԷֻͣҲûлعֻ
鿴ıӰ˵֪֪ô֪֮Ĵߣжȥô
û˵һ壬ǧס֮أδҪúռΪУǡһֱҪ޵֮
룬ץסΣҲֻЮͥ˱ѡ
أ
ڿˣֻȴЩĮЩʲôϵ
㡭
һ㶣ɫһ±øӲ԰ˣԺ棬ȴֳָ÷СԷĳȺɣѩ͡ϪۡҲ⻭һ㣬ûսңûз
ΪʲôΪʲôףףǰˣΪλѪ顣
ôΪʲôǿʳʤ̭ѵط˽һ¶ҪѰΪʲôңΪʲô£Ҫָħ
㣬㡭
û뵽˵һӲһɫ԰׵Ѫ顭νĶʲôѵǲ˰ȫԼһ˽𡭡˲̡˶Դ֡
Ѫ飬Դ֡
ЦһԣʲôǶԣʲôǴ˶ԣʲôһУĳһеָʣһ˵꣬˫һţչԶȥˡ


1250 
Զȥһ˲㲻Ӱ¶ɫʱЩ޻Ҳ
û¡
ҡҡͷǹԼû£֮ˣô죿ĸ֣Ҳܸ̾ġ
ȥ󷨡

Ƭ֮󣬺һӰ뷢ףһƮƮǳ䳬̴̬ȥЩһ
ǰ
ʱսʿٷ˹Ҳ˹ǰİ׷ߣϾɫڣʦ
飬
߼вѪ񱩺ۼüһʵ
߲Ǳˣʦߣˣ˶Ϊǰ
ҡҡͷ˵ʦû£֮ġˣȥ׷
ãõġ
ߵ˵ͷ˵գָһ˲仯һ⣬ȥ׷ˣգ۱㲻ӰȻΪҲʥ

˵һ·֮صķУ·ȻսʿЩֻͨսʿܹ
һɽʱȻͣһ˿԰֮ɫҲ˺飬ȻԪĹ
Сӣ֮ǰ㾡ȡ֮ģƫƫҪ˷Ԫں˰ɣ
ħԺ棬˲ϵ亹˵𳳣˷ϢǸ߲ˡ
֮ʱȻһϢħʥ֮ˡ
ҲüȻΪͣٻħ֮ϣʱԥɲһչһ˲ʧԶʡ
ȻʹٶǼ죬ɺǵʥϢҲԽԽˣңңһߵСѲĵˣǽ֮°ա
һ½ٶˣһʶʼϣ޷ܿɼߵΪһ۷壬Ѿ̤ڶˡ
ʥʮÿһʵǵǰȣͬɷ֮
ʱٴδӺ洫Сϴ֮ģҲ߲޺ģ绹ͣ°գϴڹңСѾʮˣϷ򣬲Ϊ㡭
ߣ
ֻħߵСҲϷǰǵϷȫʢʱڣһƱܽĵûҷ𡭡
𳳡
üǺһʥǿߣ޷ܿ˵ʶԭΪ֮ϡ
ֻҪϴ֮ģ޺ô޷ӹǿߵ׷٣ӵᱻԷ׷ϣʱں׷ģضֹ֡
ʱϺȻӿһӰգϾһӰ͵سץ
⡭
һӰȻʥܹͨʥǿ߿⣬ɱϾûʥǿЩΪءΪƵĴͨ
һӰԽԽ·ӿռһ㣬ٶٿ죬һӰʼմԽԽ⸽գһ˲䱻һ
һɲǣԥӰ˲䣬˲Ǭʩչ˳Ӱһ±ʧǧӰ֮¡

һ˲Ŀʧķɫ¶Ȼûϵһδʥ֮ˣȴܹʩչʥͨһͨ⾿Ǻα£
ѵʧسɴ磿
ʱڣҲ벻ͨԷһ¾ӹʥͨģΨһܹ͵ģֻǴ˵سɴ硣
Ҳųܹسɴ磬ʵƾʵǿ˲ưˣ˵Ҳֻٶȼ졣
سɴ磬Խߵľ磬ԽӿռƣȻʮҲһ˲Ⲣٶȿ˲ϢΥʱշ򣬴һط˲ԾǨһطȥ
ʱĿ⣬䲻֪ԷղӹͨģҲٶԥ˳֮ĵĸӦٴ׷ȥ

ǧ⣬ɫɷףȻԪĹأ˲ǬļÿֻܶһΣǴǰʩչ˲ǬҲѴһλʥǿߵͨӹ
һɽϣ˷ȡһöɫĵҩֻҩһ㵭ı̹⣬ȻǷƷʱҩʥ۸׼ġľɢ
벻ջҪô˵ü΢ɣָһ㽫ҩ˿С
䵤ҩּ࣬һܹΪĵҩĵҩһЩΪĵҩҲƵĵҩΪ߿ȳԣһĵҩá
ڶʱĵҩһĵҩżɣǶպżӰ죬һ൤ҩһҲá
࣬ղŷõġľɢһ൤ҩɿٻָԪϾҩֶǳڷãҲӰպԼᵼպ˹ʱԪɢø졣
һЩʥҩ൤ҩĸܹͣȫûиãʹУҲǺԲƣܹҩ֮˵ֿ
⡰ľɢҩʥ۾ƣҩһ棬츳һЩʥҩʦҲδܹƳĵҩ
˿̣µҩϥһˮϰĹ⻪Ԫٻָš
ָòʱ֮ضȥ죬ǰ֮ؽˡ
⼸죬׷Ϲնˣһʱ޺Ǻ棬Ҳǿ׷˳
֮쳣»صǲҴ⣬Ȼ֮ǰĵطʱһʯ棬ȴһӰҲûУڴ˽Ӧˣˡ
Щڴ˽Ӧߣ뿪ˡ
ʱһӰӺ׷ߣͬʱǿҲ׷ԼĪнˣΪߣ⻹ʮֲֿǿߡ
һλ޽ȡ֮ģƻ󷨣ӣ־ܣҵȻȥɱ⣡
˵ǰ֮أһӦҲûУСѽգӲˣ־ܰգҪСִⷴϷҲֻ÷ˡ
ˣ˿һƽһˣɫЩ԰ףЩԪļأ˵һĸڣûߣҲδܹ˶ǿΧȫˡ
Ǻ棬һӦҲûУһ̣Ѿôˣˣһһʯ񣬽赶ɱˡգ߲ˡ
´ˣзɱۣ
һ޽һȣϰˣʱʱؼȻһǽٸǿߣһ˲䣬ƱһεϹ֮˻ȥ


1251 
ʲôˣ
޽ȻһֻǰߣƾһӰ
һ꣬һ˫ɫͫףӡŷģɫѣҲϹŷ֡
Ϲٻꡭ
һؼһ𣬵ʱϰٸǿߣٴһˣ޽΢΢һʶԵ߿ȥǰ
Ϲٻꡭ
Ŀ΢΢һʥ֮ˣȻܹܵóǰϣɢɻϢҲ͸жǿ
ҹ
΢΢һʱ˿̣ȻҲܹܵҹǿĻ䣬κʱҪǿ
ҹǷٵٻ꣬ѳֻأǰʱ򣬲֪Եʣ˳˯ֱٶǰΪʦõʱҹŴ
һ˯ʱ䣬ǲ׺ɣ˼䡣
ҹƺѾϰˣ˼Ҳüܶʱ򣬶һĮӡ
ǰ飬ƺҲѾǲˣǲԼζ˳˯ǲõ꾿ʲô
Сӣ㻹ߣ׼ʲô
ҹʱЩ䵭ȻҪֵסߺЩǿߡ
ҹǣ㡭
üһ֪ҹĻܹģҹĻʱǿʱȻʱĻҪǿɱϾǰǴĵĻֻᡭ
ȥСѾͷͿЩߣҹһһɻȥǺ˳ȥ
ҹ㡭ġ
ָһһᣬúǱ߷ȥ߼ҪߣҪȥ׷һɻȻһ
ǿĻꡭ
߲һĿǰϹٻ꣬벻ƶǰٻ꣬ȴڡ

ʱȥ죬ʱӳ֮أʱһӰӺ׷ҹ
ҹתȥ鵣ġ
Сӣᡭް
ҹĻ꣬ԺӰҲǽӽˣٲصֶֻв
ԣȡ˳ȻС
Сӡȵȡ
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Ǹʱϣǹ¹µģҹ˳ʦ⣬Ψһܹ˵ˡ
ܶʱһָо˲һʶ·ǰǰѾʶˣһΣȻ뿪࣬ҹҲѡߣǻص
˿̣ٳú˵ķȥ𽥱
벻ܹŴ޺ɡһɲǣ쳣䣬һӰ˲ԭʧˡ

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ʱһֻһλӣο࣬ŭֻһۣһĪеƣη
˲ǱˣĸףҲ
˵˵ߣһϹٻ꣬ʱҲ֣
ʱڵϵģһˣյˣֻ˵ͷ˵ٻַ꣬һٻ꣬˵ĿǰҲ˵Ҳ룬벻ʴ֮صˡ
ߡ
һߣ˵˵֮ģ֮֮ǰȴʮһȹ󡭡

ߵ˵ͷ˵Ҳ֪Ϊξ¡ڿǰʮһ֧ţʱʲô⡣
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һߣ˵磬ȴ־ʮˣǶ֮ģȴֲϧԪȹСӡе˼
Ŀ⣬ճͷ˵ȷʵʮ˵ãܹҵսǰΪȹ˲Ԫˣ׷
ãüʵ
Ļ˵ڲѪЩ񱩣֮ǰʮֵġ
ߵѪЩ񱩣ʱҺˣѹ
СӡЩ£ߣҪһˣʴ֮أһ
ߵʴ֮أȷʵѾ̫ˡ

˿һ¥ֻһŮд΢ᴵ˿ȥģȴüĵ⡣
һǴΣȥ÷СԷɱߵʱĻú
һյĳеڲĳʱһĻĻظԺ¥µطҶϣҡ
һˡ
һȥҵ磬ȴ־޵ʮͨˣ֮ģΣյУȴֲϧԪȹס޴Լѹס˿񱩵Ѫ
Ǻˣǻˡ
ôΪʲôǿʳʤ̭ѵط˽һ¶ҪѰΪʲôңΪʲô£Ҫָħ
һĻ鵽ڻһֲ©ǵ飬Ϊʲôȴ֡ˣˡ

ú֮أѾȥμЩգú˵Ľ䱸ԱߵգҪɭ࣬Ҳ˵Ѳߣ֪޵ģġ
˵ôʥ˽蹫ӳúҲõȥɽ
ˣһ˵ΣӳϹѩ飬һ˺ͱˡ
˵ӳһΪ˵ã֮ͬУ֣ϴε˻䣬ϹѩҲô
ҵиʣ˵⹫ӳϹѩ˻飬ӳȥ˹ɽ磬˭ûʱǼˡ
ЩգС϶飬ӳõúͬʱʥϹѩ飬Ҳʲôˡ
λ͹٣ҪʲôһȻ߽һ۵ˣƹæкš

͹ʲôУؽ
ܹɱ˵Ľ
գһˣһµСƣ£عͷ֪ΪΣƼǶһ˫۾ʱ˸
ƹЦЦǿ͹٣Ҫ
ж٣Ҫ١

Ǻ뿪֮ʱƹöʯҡͷЦ˵е˼һôལѲҪȥǣ


1252 ֮
գﾹһ˵ĺ⣬ĳ£ƬҶϷɳɳ졣
Ľ֣ժ¶ۣʥڵķһ±øӺˡ
úһʼͲúҲͰˣĳŵڣ񣬻Ҫ
ڹҵʱȥ磬ɣħɷ֮ʵϡȴȥĵġ
Ȼʬħ¼κħ֮ȾڵĻҶӣѾӽȫήڻܹסɣȫϴɽʹʩһƺʱѹơ
ħɷǱѰȻȾɵʱҲðΣսȥģ˹ҵ磬λúҪȡʤûκοܡ
񵹺ãһöԭǸĻúȴóȥˡ
˵ֻˣҲͰˣȥȡ֮ģʼգǻú˵ı
ú˸ûҪŻڲӦʵϵһȥЩӦ˳ˡ
һõ֮ĳʱȴӦ;Ӳ֮أձ
ĽǻúҪģһˣͶԻúɲκвҲκܹ˳˳õú֮Ҳƻˣһһʯ֮ơ
úˣ֮ݣ֮ʵ˸е޺ӳҹˣºԤϡ
ҪõúҲ̫˳

ʮ֮󣬾ȥ޺֮գѾȥһ£һ£ûκѶŻúˣҲΪѾ޺ˡ
һգԪ쳣ŵƽʣ컨һΪش˴ʤһӣҪúͬʱϹѩˣҲڽ顣
ʥ飬ЩδйݵˣҲʥ顣
һΣϹѩʥ飬ɴ˿ɼҺϹټңǼҵۺ񣬷Ļ
ʱʥ㳡ϸֲѣϯЦȻڸ֮ϣŵıλгҵˣԼһЩݵλ֮ˡ
ڸ̨棬ֻһװ洺磬ղϹѩ֮գͬʱõúΨһɽӣ仹ʲô£Ǳ¼һܵģ
ϹټͬʱõɽôӽݽߣΪú˲֪ĹӳҺϹټڻúĵλʱҲȫòɺҡ
֮ʱֻ棬߳һλ뷢׵ߣ߽һװʥĳϣһӵ̴ɫӡ
̨ϣֻ棬Ц˾飬վúӡ
һ±˶һؿǳ̴ľУںӴ򿪵һ˲䣬̨ϣʱʣֻһö߲ʯǺ˳
һ̣˶߲ܵ棬͸ĹϢǻúúһö
ﲻɽʸͬʱһɷǷĹȥɽ磬дﻤȻɼΣա
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ŴһıͶЦ⿴һЦʵȴ˲һζ
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ʯϵ߲±˶¶Ľ֮ɫһöúȥģ¾ǹƽһ֮УкùӳҲֻˡ
ڶǱߣͥüշЩ֪ʱ룬һȻû뵽ո׻Ǿöúˣ¡ԱߵĺµˣʱҲֻ̾һ
ҺϹټǱߣĽϹٺҲЦ˵ҽˣⲻһԭ棬õǣϹѩˣҲǱ˴Ͷϡ
Ƭ֮ϹѩҲڴӸ߳ˣһϼ΢ҡͷͷѾЯ·
̨²˶վˣʱϹѩǰ߸䣬Ʊɽӣ֮գǷҲҡһ䣬绨񣬺ߴСأ
˵Ǻܺʱһģϧͷϴźͷ˿üʱı飬Ҳû˸ʶȥӡ
һȺ㰲ҪϹѩĺͷָ̧ʱȴֹԼȻ⣬ɽճɻϾҲİţأǷԸ⡭
ѩ
ʱǰẰһϹѩȴûӦ֪ǽţǺߣֻǣԸ⡭
ƸͷƸͷҪӣƸͷ
ʱ±ߵ˺Ȼʼ壬̨棬Ȼ̧ԥҪ֪ϹѩΡ
ڲԶĽƺϹٺ˶üԥʲôôƸͷ
Ⱥ֮ʱ㳡棬Ȼһͳպְôλ𡭡
һϯ䣬ʱ׹ѣ˽һ̰׷תȥֻ㳡棬һ۵ˣ˽
˽һʲôˣνģ
ʲôˣ
ʱмʥĳϴϯվղŴ̫䣬ϸʶ˭Ȼв˶ϸܵһɺµϢ
̨棬ҲһĿ⣬ĽƺϹٺ磬˶ϯվԶǸˣ֪ʲôˡ

ܵɺ֮󣬶Ǳߣͥʱ·׹Ԩһɱ˵ĺֱϮԱߵĺµһɫһ±òҰֽ
֮ģҴˣΪû˸ңԭô֡
ժ˶ۣժ¶۵һ˲䣬㳡˵ĸ߲㶼סˣȻŻˡ
ߣȴ֪˺£ⲻϴιң´󹦵Ǹ𣿽صɱղ˵֮ģʲô˼


1253 ɱ
֮£˲֪ʱĿ¶֮ɫȥ޺Ҳȷʵֻٲ˲֪
֮ǰͬȥ֮صЩˣ֪еĻΪ֮أӦɵ޺֮ǱյϢȫȥ
ϹٺˣȻû뵽ȻܹŻİ֮Ĵˣ
֮ҴˣǻúǷҲøˡ
˵ţ䣬һ٣ֻ֮УѪΧ˶һǾǲ֮ģȻ
ͥҲסˣǵ֮ģȻİ֮Ĵ˻ȡ֮ģȻܻӳ֮ء
һ̣㳡˶ס˺ʵȻȥ޺֮ȡ˻
ʱڸ̨ϣɫЩ䣬Ҳһ˿ɱ⡣
ԱߵϹѩҲѽҿ˺ͷʱǿ֮ģĿͬ¶ŵ
ͥ㵹˵˵һգȥ޺ȡ֮ģʱδӦҵġ
֮ģתԶͥȥ
ͥʱɫЩ΢΢ףɫȴ򶨣˵¡£һңΪ´󹦣ĳɷǳأǳϹٹϲ֮գʲô£˵вС
ŴԣΧһ㶣ͥ˿ôоЭƵģô¡

ͷһЦȻĿһϹٺǱ߿ȥǳ֮ؽӦҵˣͲһŻôϹ
ŴһֳոǽӲޱȣһЩˣϸղЩʱȻζˣ˴˽ʾʱԡ
ϹٺȴһĲյһۣ˵СŮ֮գʲô£СѲպ˵
ǱߣѾסˣһԺµ亹Ҳ˵Сѣɣʲô£Ǻú˵ǳӡ
죡
һȣѺµһһ˻ȥ
ֻĿһۣҲܽ˭Ҫ飬ҽգֻûӦõĶú˭һ£ҷ𣡡
һ仰ʱڳ˶һλɶﰡȻ˳Բѷ

ս֮ʱһȴȴĽŵǳأĪҪʶôֲҰ
Ľһŭ˶ҺȻȴתȥһһĽ簡գҷҪʶôĽִΡ
һ£˸ɤۣÿ˵һ֣˵ҲǱʲôݺݾһ£˶ϢҲҷһ㡣
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һ£Ҿʱ˹ȥȻһɲǣȴָһһѺɽɳ͡һжʱѪ׷ףǶ˲նɱУ

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ΧҲסˣղҾȻĽǰնɱҾοʥ
´ˣзɱۣ
ĽһŭȣΧһַɳҸ֡
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
һ죬ȻɳʮѷɽЩʲôֻǡɱ˵Ľ
ָֻһʮѷɽһɳ콣꣬ΧһٶҾЩΪɴʱɽ֮£ȴǲһ
ͣ
һ㳡ʱһŨŨѪȣǼٳҾԱնڽ£һ
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û˸ţɱϣٸҾһ˲Ľ£ڳˣ޲¶֮ɫ
Ƽ²˴˶һۣҡҡͷԶȥ
Ȼ˲֮ܽ£˵ף˭ûúǹϵȻܸԼһ鷳
ȴţȻնɱ˼ٸҾͥɫҰףƽ侲ɴʱҲ򶨲ˣμصʬףŵòЩιȥոձµ˴ȥԶ
ХѪȴ̱ǣ˭ţյĴ֮磬һ±Ѫ޳
ʱȻӿˣЩǳҵĸ֣ȥ滹һƬӰȫǳҵˡ
һĻ˽һúԼ֮գɳôҲòŲôɣѵ
ƿȥЦһ˵ĽǰһУҲգĳգʶʶĽֵ£νİ˰Ŷˣ˵Ҳ£ҵ֣һ


1254 㣿⣿
һ
֣ڳ˽һ㶣ȻĿǰǻû˵֣ڲֽ֮ʴ֮ء
һѵǡ
Զͥһ˲ʴ֮飬ϾǶ֮۽ֻһССĻú
֮ǰǱֳ̫Ķ˶֪׷ѩ˪֮
ʴ֮أͥͬţֻǴ˿̣ɱµİ׷ӣȻŶѣţ˱Ǳߣһ˵Ϸ֮۵
Ϸۣ֮ǿľԲֻΪͥҲȥĽƣǰˣλϷ֮۵
˵ĻԼһССΪӵԼʵҲֻɹѣܻĲ졭ڳȣǸӲһġ
Ǵ˿̣ʥĿǰƺֻͥ΢֪һǱߵ飬ϹٺЩˣһ֣Ǵδ˵¼ֵ˶ȥˣ˭ĸһ
ĽƣսޣǾ͸δŹǱߵˡ
˿̣˾֮ʣһʥĳϣȻʯȥú𣬲һѷɽն͡һֱնˣʱѪɽ

ǳϷһҽУһ̨ˤȥλٽҵĻţ˱³
û뵽ʥҲˣԶ˸ǾĺĿǽʵһĻ
ǳ˼λʥǿߣﻹ˸ţԼܹȫˣ˻úб»߳
´ˣ
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ǳϹѩ֮գ˾ʥ£һŨŨѪ֮ôĳҸ֡
㳡棬ʯɣһâǵسնҸɱ޴ǽڳλţҲ˵ܹ׵ֵ
˴ĿģٿȴǴЦֻ콣ٽ֮ʱ˫һȻת鹦һɲǣ˷Ԫ£˹ͬĽڣ

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һʱ䣬ЩҸ˵ˣһ±ɾ
νĶ˳ô
ЦһȻܲõʱ棬δĳԪϼ֣ԼϹټҵЩ֣ӣһУȥ޺Ҳġ
գȻֻǰʥͲһ׼ҲûУֻĽƿȥҵҪĽҪθɱۡ
䣬ֻһ̧Ԫپۣ˷ʱӿڳ˽Ըеһϣ޲ľȻһЩΪ͵ţҲæԶĵطȥ꼰
Ľƣʱ˲ƣͷɫҪж£ݡ
ס֣
ʱʥȻɳߣΪͣʥǻúܵûм򣬶ڴ˴ɱ䣿
ȵȡ
ͬʱһ𣬽ֻһǰȻôҪúǾͿûˡ
һ˵꣬һʱһѪĹŽǽϲѪۣѽѪ͸һɼصɱڽֵһɲǣУʱɷɷХ
ɱɱ
ȺʱһУһЩΪߵţʱųǰѳɱѪŽҲסˡ
˽ǳҵ洫֮Ϊɱ˵գƱգ˽Ѫִഫɳնʶɱأû뵽ѽѾ˳
˿̣ڳϷХ֮ɱ֮£޲һĽȴ˫ü΢ȻΪ츳ߣ˵ҲǾþɳܹѹס˽ɷ𡭡

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Զµ˵ǾĺĿΪߣοЩǱϴʱɱֵܹסһ
һδΪĵĵ棬ǴƬƬѣ㳡Ҫѿһ㣬ͨ죬֪Ǳɱɷʴ֮һȫȻκأֱȡȥ
ȻʱȴɿȻΡΡɽбֻ֣֮ʱһҲһѽһն˳ȥ
һδ壬һ죬ʱø˶ĤѣһЩĩ֮ˣǱѪӿֹȥ
æ֮䣬æ˹סҲһɲǣֻ˾һֱӴȥ䡱һǶһ˫ֱ˵Ǹȵ÷顣
⡭
һĻ˸סˣ޲Ŀ¶֮ɫĽƸɫһ䣬̨֮ϣϹѩɫһף벻˵Ϊ˿£ԭһֱʵ
ʱ˿ֻ̣Ľѹţֻ˫ɱֵȥƺȫмܲסɱ֣̫󣬸һ
ô㣿⣿
б۹½â󣬿â֮Уȴֲһ˿˿Ѫ֮ѪϢȥʮֹ죬Ҵʱĵ۹½Ҳǿ



1255 ۹֮ƣ
⡭ôܡ
㳡棬˸һĻۼѹҲˣ޲ľ
Ƕ˵һˣǰҵ֮ӣһУûеֵĴڣ
գһΪصˣһѹҲˣ⣬⡭
˾ĺĿȻ¡ʸӢҲȫû뵽һ˿֮£ֱ޷󡭡
ʥ֮⣬Ԫǵ춯ҲУŴʱһĻʵţ⴫֮еĹӳվһѹ
㳡УϹѩҲסˣһΪΪҲȷʵˣ֮ͬУˣû˭Ķ֣ǽգͬһˣȻ
Σô
бų֮Уƽƽ·ʱûõһѹó񴭲
˫۲Ѫ˿Ȼǲһѹ顱һȶʱ˰ߣеɱҲϲ
⣬⡭
Զ˴ĿģֻɱֹϷ֮ɱѪɷصĽʱɷˣѽǲͣӼ˾һ㲻
˶ĿɿڴֻһֿܣǱǴ˽ɷصĽ
һ˲䣬˵Ŀ⣬ǰѽϣֻ͸һԨϢ棬ȴֲһ˿˿ѪϢ⡭
һɿֲĽɷ֮ʱ˳ȥڳˣһţ˶ɽһ̾ҲϲǰԪӤһ
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
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񡭡
ĽҲʱѣһ˲䣬Ծһնȥ
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ֻȫԪһܽʱɢĽУҲȻһ𣬵һûκأͬԾһƾնȥ
Ϣһ̣һѽײʱ죬ȥù㳡ˣ޲Ϊ֮һˣȻʥЩߣҲһЩӿ׹ȥ
⡭
˾ĺĿֻУƾ֣ҲڲϲѪ˳Ž䣬ɼղһ֮ǿҲֵס
һ̣˷㾲˶ʶȥԶͥû뵽нվ档
֪˱£ΣҲʧˣϧڿƺһжԵЩˡ
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ŴһԶų΢΢һ˵˸һݣȻ뵽չңǹȥʱ޵ˣǰˡ
ȻǴʤˣɹ˹ңҲûնɱˣѵ
ԭˡ
һ䣬ƺѾôˣͻȻٴߣһնȥ
ֻһδնȴȷˣ۹½һնһеƾ˻ȥ
ǵڶʱƾ֮ܵУȻգȴǽڽڰˣ

һӳ˱ȥʱǸȵ÷飬վȣĽϮ

һ죬˫սԵֵ۹֮ƣȻǵֵסһѪ˲ȥ
Ľ
Զ˶ˣ˷Ӧ彣նһΣƸ۶ڱǽѪƾ棬Ҳ˲䲼Ѻۡ
һĻ˸ǾĺĿת˲֮䣬նһƾڵֿסѽӦ飬һѪͺͺĽҷ˳ȥ
ף
ɫȻһ䣬һѵ棬ʹɳȻ߶һнޣɱ϶ʱѪһնȥ

ԶǱһĻŵûɢȻڳһնʱֻе۹һѽʱȥ

֮£Ǽ˫Ѫ죬һеؽޣֻֽɱһĵ۹նȥ

һ죬Χ˫ѣȻɱնڵ۹֮ʱ۹˿ɱȴһһѣ˹ͣⷴɣһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ʥ˷㾲˽ԺȻϹѩ㲽һ԰нסɻĳֻѪ˫־ϣͷҲðˣǱ۹ϣղն۹µһ£ԼԼ˫ˡ


1256 Ʋɵ
㳡ȻޱȰ˶㶲ǵʲô˿ֲ
ʱ۹½һ̣ϵѪϢ˼֣ԭ֮ǰѪյ۹£ǿࣿ
޽֮ˣ֪ѪǴɣһױһʱ䲻Ϊɣö֮ҲضʧԽѪа顣
ʶ޽֮Ϊʿȡ۹ġаѪǸǴеĴɡ
۹Ǳа³ʶһЩ˼õȴֺµԶԶ֮
ȴδͬ˵Ŀ۹аžˣƫһ
ҹֻܹܵÿӵ۹½ıϢ¶Ԩֻܹ֮Ӧ꣬ǰյĵص۹´ģһ𣬱˲֮Ե
۹³ϦദʱȷʵܵɷӰ죬ɱ֮һΣѪô֮Уȫˣڽ㣬ĵƣֻλᣬ׶á
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۹½һĽХһֻ䣬һһȥ
ϹѩɫһףѾӮˣΣҪúȥǡ
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ģһѪӿϹѩ״ָһؿ֮ϣƽϢ
һߣϹٺҪûú΢΢һУõúּɵǰѽ
ʱʥ棬ȻһƲϵСѴ˽ȷʵɵƾһձȡ߻ú¡С
£֮УȻһӰƮƮ׷Ȼһɽһɷ֮
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һ뵽˴˲֪ΪΣ˸ղһĻʵ̫ģ˶ԶĵطȥɵųϣѾ˳ʥȥ˹Ԫ
ʥԼԪǣżķ󷨣ͳϳ֣Ҳѱ˼޹
ۣôϡ͵ˡ
ﵭ䣬һնһ콣ʱصʯֱͳնȥ
һͣͳϲҴ⣬ָһһɽʱ˳

һ죬۹½һײͳϵʱסȥвɵðһ⽣֮ǿЩˡ
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ۼͳҲֵס˽ʥ⼸߽һ⽣Ǻ
˷Ӧһնȥнâҫۣһ᳤磬ɽ֮ƣĽҲòסҡ
ͳǿ߽ɽһ±ýâҫۣһȽʱΪӿɢ˳ȥ
ȻˣԵ۹ɽ֮ƣȴԵò԰

һ죬ײ̨ϼʯֱӱķѣͳָһʹȴǱ۹±Ƶòȥ
еĽȻ˶꣬۹ȣȫһģʱǿס۹֮棬ȫȻǿĹڳĻŵһν֮ʱ⽣Ѿˡ
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ͳϼһȣָڽ֮ϣѽʱýҫۣзĸ֣ɼʹˣȴԵֵ۹֮ơ
գֻһһЯ֮ƣ͵سͻϮȥһǵУƷһˣһ˲䣬жȥоһƴļͷ顱һ˳ȥ
ͳϣ
ͳϱһɳȥԶʥ߽ɫһ䣬һ̣ٴֹ߽ȥ
ĹƣͳǱƵòΪӪ̨棬ʱʯɣʣµļʯգҲڶ͹֮£촷ۡ
˶Ƭ̣±ߵ˽ĵֻͳɫɷףͷ亹Ԫ֮£ҲЩȡ
ȻĹƣȴδͣ£һնȥ֮ʱʥ⼸λϽһͬʱȥ䡱һ֮£ŵֵסһ
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ȴ䵭һն£š¡һ죬̨ʱķѣ̳֮УֻλϵӰҷ˳ȥ
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һ̣Ĺ㳡֣˵壬ڲزţǰѽֲ̫ˡ
ֻ۹½Ѫ֮ƣָͳüģաһջ˵۹£˫һţɵʯ棬ĻúС
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ʱֳֻˣЩȴǳҵԪϣЩΪߡ
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Щ˵һۣе۹һ̧һХ𣬶ʱŵЩ˲סȥ
Ȼ֮ٶ࣬ɴʱڵ۹µ£ҲҼˣǽ壬ԪǵЩҲѾô֣վòһˣչһ֣ضʴ֮أ
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ѩ
ϹٺȻһŮһ֣ҲϧһдۣҲҪһۣ˵ͬʱѾ˹Ȼ۹½˲仯һ⣬顱һֽ˻ȥ
һ˲䣬ѼϹѩʮѨͬʱʮ֮һΪסˡ
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ʮƲŮڣϹٺһǴ˿̣ϹѩȴҪ侲˵û¡һ˵ֻ꣬عͷúѾõ֣㻹Σ
ѩ
ԶȫѪϹѩܣģǴ˿˵̫أȥȡ


1257 ֮
һ̣㳡ϣ˸ϹٺҲŮڱܵƽ˵¿ɴδΪУιסСŮţ
һۣϹδΪУȴڳв֣ѲɣͥΪУ
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ˣĳȫˣȻὫˣϾĳгԷ˯ʱѱ͵Ϯǻú˵ֶΣĳֲûʶ
Ϲٺ翴һۣصʱ沼˶ˣһϹٺ沼ôˣѵǷģ
е۹סˣϹٺЩ˳նҽ֮ˣ̸
ȥϹٺ磬Ϲѩһۣ¶Իú·죬ôֻίһϹٹ´·ˡ
ѩ
ѪȻС϶š֮ӡĹ⻪ȴҰڴˡ
»ӣ˿̶˵Ҳڳţô֣޷˾Ȼʱ˫ֻýֻ޲һɱˣ
һۣûжᣬ֮ЮϹѩǳȻԭġ
һ˵̫أʼǸ鷳ͬʱûҪɱˣϾһһϹڣ̤ʥ֮ǰ뱻һǿ׷ɱ
֮ǰѾ滮뿪ú·ߣȻȥ޺Ҫȥĵطǡʴʮءġ֮ء
֮ϡ٣ú㷱ȴ򵥣ҪǣĿǰúĵطֻ֮غ͹֮طȻȥ֮أǾֻʱȥ֮ؿ˵ˡ
֮úڵĵطԱֻܴӱ˵ĵؽ糷룬ȻǴӱ˳룬ôЮסϹѩЮκ˶á
Ե۹סˣվܴδζʹõ۹£ܴδѪô뿪úõĴ㡣
ߡ
ЮϹѩһȥʥ˸ǰΨϹٺ׷ȥ
ϹǰһҺѱ֤Ů񱻡䡯ġ
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Ϲٺɫ䣬ԭղŮڵЩĹ䣡
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첻ǰͱ׸Ϊ˼䣬ѵ֮϶ķӡѾɶˡ
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˿֮Ǵ£Ǽλ¸ֵһᣬǲܻΪ˴¶֡
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˵ףʵΣû֪ϾǰˣһЩżأ죬ȷʵʮֲֿһռ˼ˡ
񣬵֪ˣֻҪһ𣬱Ȼ̸֮ɫ

֮Ѿڱ˵ĵؽ磬֮ңң޾ȥͨ󷨣ȻôˣҪȥ֮أȥԶ
¿չȻʮȣЩⱻһЩϹʶ̽쵽ʶҲȻЮϹѩҪ˳뿪úⲻá
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תȥһۣϹٹڿĳʣǧҪԼݡ
ϹѩʾͲۣܿȫѵҪҺһ˲Ϣǧô
˿˺飬⼸ղ֪ΪΣԽԽȣִһĺװȾһѪۣڴǰȷʵЩΪѡ
˵ףҲֻװСᡱңе飬Ҳûʲôϵ
ǰϪȥѰɡ
һ˵ţһߴǬȡһԼѣϹѩһۣ㣬ԼСһ˵ţһǰˮĵطȥȻ˾󲿷ֹҪǬȡ㶫Ҳʲô¡
ȥ˵Ȱһ䣬ǧҪˣʲô䣬¼ֻһܽ⣬ǿгƷӡ˱ҡ
仰ΣӡΨл֮˷ܽ⿪ȥ⣬ǲСǣˡȻ֮ǡ
ϹѩعͷˣҲù˵ֱ꣬ǰСϪȥ
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Ƭ֮Ҳһ£ϥĿ˹˲֪ãϹѩһɲǣԼԼƺһʥϢΪ͡
ܵһϢԽԽԥٴζõ۹£һߣܿ⣬Ƕߣֻ¾Щˡ
ô
üϪǱ߷һۣʱ˲ô࣬һǱȥˡ


1258 
ɽϪˮһЩɫֲһʯ棬ֻϹѩϥĿ亹Σƺڳڹķƽµķӡ
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գֻû뵽µķӡڹķûκΰ취⿪⵽ʲôӡ֮
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졣
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Ϲѩ̧ͷһۣЦ㽫ȫסˣˣʲô
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ʱѾˣյͼʾǰԼһųǡ
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뵽˴ɫһϴ칦ϣԪ࣬Ϊʮ֮ߣԶĽ֮ϣе۹֣ҲûʮȫգܹԸ˴ˣǴ׷ģ
㿴ʲô
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ҹҲǣȡۣ϶ۣȥò֮󣬷ȥ
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㡭ߣ

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һʱһĹһô±ĿϹѩԱߣ·Щ
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أҳȥҳԵġ
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ʱȻһ磬һɭȻɱҲ֮˽ΪϹѩһ˲䣬Ҳܵɺɱ


1259 
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Ҳͬ䵭֮ǰδʱЩɵһ֮󣬷ֶԷƺҲˣ˵Ҳͬһ˼꣬ٻ׷ɱ㣬Ѿʬ޴ˡ
˴ǰޱҹɫֵɽָָǰ߾֮ˣҪúǲ͸ԡ
һ˵ֻ꣬Ϲѩһ˲չɲǰ֮صķȥˣգ۱ʧҹĻ¡

ʱ£ɽһ˿̹ǵĺ⣬ֻǰҹĻ£һɽޱ޾ͬʱ͸һɭĺ⣬ǰ֮ˡ
ߡ
ǣϹѩɽȥˣȵ֮أΧϮ͸һ˵ɭȻУԶһɳɳ죬֪ʲôȥëȻ
ڣϹѩûܻعԺ·ŸղǺ˵Ǿ仰Ҳͬһ˼꣬ٻ׷ɱ㣬Ѿʬ޴ˡ
һΪԼߵˣȴ˴ݲȣ˵Ļһ̣Ϲѩˡ
ǰˣµľԲֻΪܹȫˣʥߵǳԶҲ󼰵ġ
֮ؽĶ࣬ԪƥҪ׷Ҳһ
ʱǰɽӰȻ˵ţϹѩع̧ͷ˿㶵֪ղǳԪࣿ
ܲǳ԰ɣ
һۣһ˵ָ꣬һؿϷ˼£ʮڳ˳
Ϲѩʱһƺߣһ˲䣬еʧĹԴԴϻˡ
ڿϽ⿪ϵķӡˡ
Ϲѩ˫ü΢ƺδ⿪Լķӡж¡仹ЩԹԹʱԼ⿪ӡ
֮Σأҿɲ뵽ʱΪҵۡоǣ´ίҪ޵ĻǧҪ޵ôˣ֮أѱЩʲôֵֹĶ
㡭
ղŵ飬Ϲѩߣһǵͨ죬ԼĹԼһ·̼ίᣬСûܹί
ʱģȻֵˣʶһˣһҲǳţͬǣ㱳ٶ࣬Ҳί¶ȻҪһ㣬Զᡭ˵꣬תǰȥ
Ϲѩں棬һŻع˼Ҳˣ
ͣ΢΢תͷϹС㣬ô󺰴ȥ㲻ѺĳԪʱҲɽеޡ
ԣϹѩ΢΢һʶΧ˿ȥߵѾ뿪˵ĵؽˣԼ㻹һȥ
ʱȥǳҲ֪ɶԾֻãίһϹС㣬ȥ˹޳ˡ
ŴԣϹѩ΢΢һ㶣漴뵽ˣԭЮסԼǽΪҪӱ˵ؽ糷룬Ҫǣ踸֣֮ǣסҡ
ֻҪԼױȻ˼Լֹҵ׷ɱ֮ǰڳԪǰЮԼҲȷ޸ˣøĻС
ԭˡ
֮ͨϹѩһҧ촽֮ǰ˵ʲôҪԼʧĻԭȫŻԼģԼǸȴ֪׵ԼԻڻúҵˣ֮ʵɶ
Ҳһ㣬ʵеĺղǳԪ࣬ǳүүȴһֻڻú棬˿Լ

ͬʱ޺ʥһ£úˣͬʱ޺Ҳ֪
ʱڴ棬ֻü֪ԭί󣬲黹֮ģǵһڳ֮ģûˡ
ڳֻҪطΣգô֮ģҲͬʧΣգҪ취ڳҵ


1260 ޳
棬ãұضѾȥ׷ɱΣڳڳ֮Ҳض
ʱڵϣһ뷢׵ߣ׷ߣֻصģҹ۲죬ӦѾ֮ȥˣڻúʵǿʢǵ˹֮أҲȻ֣Ψһ¡
˴ͻȻֻ˵һ룬ҲµҪ˵ʲôˣʵǰΣ
۰룬˵˵֮ҲʲôƵأǲȻҲȥ
˵Ҫȥ֮أ˵ͷˣǾǰˡ

֮֮أղϹѩһڷ磬Ǻڷ治֪ʲô֮֮Իᱻ仯Ϊҽʮֿ¡
ϴڷ죬Ҳĺڷ磬ʹΪҲȥǡַˡ
졭иղЩڷ磬ʲô
ֻϹѩɷף亹Σղڷ磬һɽҲ˲仯Ϊ˷ʱչ˲ǬˣҲӻҷ³
ңȥ˭ѵ㸸ûи߹㣬ʴ֮صΣ𣿡
һƽƽϹѩ㵭Ȼһ㶣ղ˲Ϊλ򶨣
Ҳʴ֮رأúȴʴ֮棬԰ȫ֮أϹѩǧС㣬ڻúЩ׼֮أһˣҲһֲҡ
Ȼǳʴ֮أЩգӵħڣٵǰõķ죬һβ֮ǻԴ˿̣򶨡
ϹѩͳЩˣڼı£ûоЩȥҲгϰб֮ǰڤǸл覣ȥ±ߵмǸͬһЦ
˿̣Ϲѩ˿ԼüһôʲôղţҲֻǡ
˵꣬һ߽ȥϹѩͻȻԼô䣬ŵһȥ㣬ʲô
ٸϹС˵һΣˣѾǻúǱˣҲû˭ڰб㣬çײ£ˣҿɾȲ㡭
˵Ǹղ֮£ϹѩһõˣҸҲŹ㡣
ûĸףͳˣ滳һΪôġ
һۣ˵ֱ꣬ǰȥ
ϹѩںһסˣС׶˽ѵһˣƾʲôѵԼҪҪҴᡭ
ϹС㣬Ȩһˡ
˵ţĩͣ΢΢תͷˣ˸˵ȥҪʮٱĵطұһħĽһӣԶѺƮ˲֪ã󼸺ʶɢȥܹЩ𣿡
˵꣬Ϲѩ㶣ߵҲŲţ˵˵ȥ޷Ҳֻȥɽ磬ҿЩҲûʲô޷Ҫˣ˵˵û
ɡ
ȥô࣬ǰȥϹѩ׷ȥֱߣһۣߵ֮ǰƭˣͲˣ֮ǰǷӡҲʲô䡣
ŶԼã
ߣ
ϹѩбһۣߵҪΪʲô֪ǰҪռ˼䣬ӡˣִģħˣ㿴ŵǡ
ǡ
꣬Цһ֪ʲôħʲôˡ

֮ԽԽЩ죬ҲһЩΣգնΪģֻǳԪʼһ·ں棬׷Ҳ롣
һգһɳشػɳ֮УʱʱܿһЩݹǣŶǽЩ֮صߡ
ƬɳĮű㵽֮ˡ
ĵͼǰһۣ˵ʱһϢϹѩüһǳԪ࣬׷ˡ
ǡִš
һȥϹѩϵϢǰȥʱϹѩ߲ģҲŹ㣬ȥ˹֮ҲûãԪһɱ㡣
ŴԣعͷϹС㲻ҪˣڵݣȻһʡ
㡭
Ϲѩüͷһ壬ȴû취ԶԶǰ˵Ķ֣ҪҲܲο֮أԼܵΣգգҲֻܸһ·֮ضȥ

ʱں棬ԪЩǱȻΪѾ̤ʥʴ֮صһЩҲһЩΣա
֮ǰһ·ƾڷϵľ飬Դ˴ĺڷüΣЩ
СӣϷ׽סضãܡ
˿̶µҪж£ڶ˵ʱ򣬳ԪΪԪϣǰɸһ㣬֮أ·ģҲűˡ
ڶգϹѩ߳Ƭ֮ˣǰǹ֮ء
֮Ϊʴʮ֮һͬǳֻǲúǰ㷱ط׼񣬰һЩͬá׼ĸݡ
ɱ˶ᱦ֮飬ڹ֮ؼżʣ˭챦ȴûʵػΣ֪
ԽǻҵĵطҲţһЩεķ
ϹѩѾյͼָʾ˹޳ǣȻûлúЩһȴʮ֮ǹ֮أ֮˾ۼĵط
ߵĳǽ׹öɣ棬ҲǶ׹ãȥɭ޵Ĵһ㣬ֻ±ߣδȥȸеֵ
Ȼκη壬ϹѩǴδЩ׼֮أϾһΪͣȻҲеκκ£³еߡ
Ƭ֮˳УеĽԪΰ׳ۣҲûɵĸоطһİ׹ãҡ˿ʮֲ
ڳĴиɭĵطʲôˣ˹֮أȥɭʯˡ֮󣬷ڹ֮ͨС
֮ǰȻѾ˽ˣڱȥɭúͬǣ֮ؾܻңȴҲʮɣúȼƶʮ֮أȫûúһˡ

ڳĴֻһֱɭˣȻ֮ؼңڹ޳ȴ˸ΣΪǧﴣһɭ
˿̣ĳһ㣬ֻվ׷ߣһ£һ£Ŀķʱʱ۰룬ЦϹҪΣ
бһۣߵĴζӮĴ϶ķҲգ˵˵Ҫʲô
ϺЦķЦرĶģСڳԪǳԪ
ŴԣĿ⣬˵Сͷ䲻򵥣ΪҲʮֹ죬ɳԪ϶ϾжΪֻڶڣ涯Ҳ֣Сӿ¸ʮҲ߲ҶСɡ


1261 ɭ

˵֮ԱߴЦһҡͷϹҪˣСӼȻڻúʥȥ磬й֮ҡٺ٣Ҫˣ֮ǰȥ޺֮ȡߣ㣬ȫ𣿡
°룬Ŀķ˵֪ڻúʥʹ֮ǳκҲ֮ƥС
˴ͣͣ˵ҡɱƾ񽣣ҲΪҲµûõӦǽѪ֮֮գԽǿԽһΣѪǰѽĴӴԺΪū
˵֮ЦЦ˵úеΣһҪСӮ
бһۣĴζӮ
Цٺ٣ƣҪӮˣ¹ɽͽϹһ˸ˣٺٺ٣Σ
ң͵ҿӮ˿
һЦ۰룬ķ򣬼СߵģӦþϹٺŮˣСŮޣɲʲô£Ϲټ϶ʧ˼꣬ɻûءСҲǵ죬Ұһ·

ʱڳв˶ϹѩͶĿ⣬Ҳ֣һ˪һò֮أܲע⣿
ӴСӣû֪ʲôط𣿽±˳˰
СӣҪȻүΣүǻɲˣǧ׼ɣ޸ƨɰ
ֻϣߵľ¥в˳·϶壬Ϲѩڵģƺȫߵӡ
ʼЩˣȫӶţϹѩЩۻ֮ֻһҪɽѵѵЩˣΪ˵ѵЩˣ˲佫ЩնɱҲ練ơ
Ȼȴһ°סļѹǹ޳ǣڡ
Ϲѩһҧշֱۣò뿪ֵӭȴһĿͷ
λλ
ֻͷһͣ˸ӣӭ緢ǰȦҰȦĹҷϹѩʤιͷÿ㵲·ˡ
ѽ˲ˣ
ͷָüģһɫӣҹӡ÷ڣǴ֮װ֮ڣѪ֣֮һɱ㡭
ÿûǮ㡣
ϹѩһƣǰȥҲûȥˣȴںѽ˲ˣ㿴㱳ɷ죬ɷǣԵǳضǹ¶ϰ˿һӵһͷһؼţǧ߰С
ǺǣɣƭˣղŹȥˣȥЩְ

ĺɫʱϹѩ˳ڵɭƻ֮£߲ȥɭ֮УκˣҲð
֮úΪڣϹѩȻҲ֪ɭֻδһȻ
ϾϹټǧ𣬸ǻú˱Сŵʲôû
ɭҲκξ෴ԽѰǱǴѭ浸أ˵ҲҴֲѰˡ
ԶʱƣʵϲƣҲʮ֮Ų⣬Ҳཨ
˴ʱǰʱ߳һµߣЦӭ˹λɭùģ
˿ɭ֪˽ƵģҲûʲôֵģڽ޳ʱˣʶڹ۲Ϲѩ
Ϲѩδ֣ʶ£˭ܹϢĿ
ڣ￴˿ȻҲǰ׸ģҪõһʯ
ЦλС㣬֪γƺ
һ
ֱԲصȻ˹֮أҲûҪԻˣȻ֪˵ݣʱȴ¶һȵӣŶԭλӣǵնһ˴ʥӡ
¼ʴ֮أ˵ϾЩҶһȥֻú˵ģȫˣܳĻûбˡ
ߡ
Ϲѩվһԣ˫ǰͷ΢΢һƫȥЩãЦλϹСˡ
ߣ
ϹѩһߣһۣԹ֮ɫںˣʴ֮أ˶֪ϹС㣬һ·˰ɡ
⡭
εЦЦöݸˣǶλƣպðɡ
ߣ
Ϲѩùͷһƫί֮ɫƷ飬ʮֵȻһۣҷֵ޹ϸˡ
ߣ
Ϲѩһߣعͷһۣ뵽˶֪һ£գסţˣ
⡭
ԽԽΣЦЦ˵ϹСĪգͰˣϹȥţźܿ죬СȥϹС㰲źסЩգϹСʱסɭɡ
㲻Ϲѩ̹һЩûУ˼һдңд㣬أֻܳȥ˯·
ϹС㣬Ͷౣˡ
ûᣬȥˣϹѩͷҲأֵղ˵Ѫ֣֮ҿ㻹ǵĵ㣬ҡ

ҹ繳ɭ˼ջס£ҹ֮ʱȻһ죬һӰ˴⣬˭
ǺǣСѲؽţǼ


1262 ʥѹ
ֻͥԺ¹վһ뷢׵ߣȴǰɭӭϹѩĺߡ
ҹã֪к£
£ʵɭ˲ҲȥɭϾҪ֪βõɽ
ȻɽضἤңԼҲδܹʮþȡ
ЦС֮أҲΪ˽ɽɣ
Ŷ
˿ʥúֵô󣬾Է֪ΪɽҲûʲôֵġ
ЦЦ˵ˣδҽܣҽкγ
ԭǺ
˵ͷγЦǹɽ磬˽Щ꣬Ӳ˴СӦɣ
¼ΪڹɽһУȻ˽Щ

ֱԲ˵⣬γ۰룬ͷ˵ʴʮأúΪԶռһƹ֮ء֮ء֮⼸طֻһ
˵˴ͣͣСõ֮ͨеǶõһСѿԷģ֮صȵصᣬֻʵһЩŵˣҲ޷úǰڶ
˵úѾˣúΪԸǱߣԱڶطΪԡ׼񡱣ֻܿԼʵ˷ƽһЩ
ƽ鹫ƽЩطûĴ壬ȻȥȻ˶һЩ
ĹУʹɱҲûܣһЩˣĹУͬڱɱΣա
ʱضʥǿ֣߳һʣʴ֮أûκαɽĳַ˵ȷʵʮֲ
ȻʵѾԶͬˣɱϾʴ֮ĵطЩż꣬ǧ겻Ϲ
ߣЩϹŻɵ
ʱü˼γЦΣССȻִҪȥɽôʱ֮ǣʴ֮أˣԱ⡭
̧ͷң֮صʲô
ԣγ΢΢һ㶣漴ӦͷЦãã˿СѾˣҲգᣬһѮɽѰһɹѰأͨ˶δѰأôڲ֮˵Уɸѡһòμһʸ񡣡
Ѱغ˵ϸһЩ
ֻγ۰룬Ŀһһһλ䣬˵ٶǰһλϽɽȴûܹλʧȥѶǰһ˵ɽѰҵһʧĹᣬԴ˴εݣȥɽѰʧĹᡣ
ԭˡѾˣʵ֮أɷֻһ֮أ
һʣγֻعЦЦȻֹСѵΪ֮߳ͬ࣬ɭСѰŵΣյĵطȥӦûɣ
û⡣
ȻףⲻֻڿԷϣܹɭһǾʧĹᣬ֪֮ѣһ԰쵽ģΣ͸պҵ
γȻܣЦѾпʼʱɭǽҾͲСϢˡ
˵꣬ȥſ֮ʱͣعͷˣһ£ʦҸСѣտСѻЩ鷳鷳ɭ޷СѽֻܿСԼˡ
֪γ˿˵鷳ָԪˣջ׷޳ˡ
ҹ࣬γȥ֮ͥԺԺкɻʱʱ¶ˮ棬˫üǰ·жգһҪõɽҲԼɡ
ɽϣδԼ¶ڻδĸδñ屻٣һգܣﵹ¡

ڶգڷר˹Ȼһɺɱֽɱ֮£ջ·һ£ŵˣȥ
ֻϣԭգȻܲƲ֮ϣһӰ˫ŭų£˵ǿޱȡ
ʥϢѹ£˸ֹͣˣһЩߣһʥϢѹ£ſڵϲĲ֮С
Ȼڼʮǰؼ㿪ʼӿʹΪͻͽҲʹһЩؽƽ⿪Ϊ֮ˣؽƣΪȫ⿪
ʥǿߣȻ˲ĴڣǸʥߣκδ̤ʥ˷ĤݣοǳԪһӵжΪʥǿߣ
ǴʱɭһЩϣеʮϢ
һ˶ֵǵֲӰȻǴ඼ʶ˭
ʱɭǱߣڷɳµİ׷ߣ˵ΪδʥԴʱԪ࣬Ȼģְݵ֪ǰɼҳǣк£
Ԫ˪һӣʱӿ±ߵ˸ǸеһϣһļҪţɭλϣԴ˹ƺΪǰĪǡ
ϻ˵
֮ǰ֮أԪ౻ƲˣʱģҪж£СӽϷգָ˳ǻҷ𣡡
һŵóһô˸ڳ˵Ļ
ʱɭഫϺҲ࣬㲻Ϊˣָ޳ǻҷȻλ˵ɣ
ʱɭĳȻз߷ߣȴҳϾһʥǿߣҪ涯ҲģǣһҲһǿߵĶ֡
ʱڰУλɭ³ϣڳԪɶϢѹ£ȫ亹ֱðԷֻ뵯ָǻҷģֻһСЦǰ⡭ҪҵǸˣɭ
Ԫɫ࣬ϷܵõҲһڣ˸ҳ
⡭
һԣλ³ϸǻһ¶Ϊ֮ɫЩϹذ˹޳ǵģǱ׷ɱɭҲ棬ҵȥЩ˽˶ԹԼ
ô𣿡
Ԫ˫ĿһɣɭĹâʱǶȫһЩ׹ȥ
һɲǣԪҲҪԷһ㣬Ҷҳֽ֮ʱ·ڴһ䵭ˣҾ


1263 
ˣҾ
˶һѭȥֻһ¥ϣվһӰ˫ָһͷ׷ѩӭ
ˡ
һЩϳǶŮӣֻȥƽƽ棬ڡ
֪ΪΣʱֻеһĪĲѵˣҪҵı
һ˲䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôѵǰôʥشƺͳһ
ˣǳңĽƵĸסԪ࣡һΪ̤ʥǿߣ
ֲϢϢɭҲ乧Ƕǿߣ
˿̣֪һǿߺ󣬲˸Ǹеˣһǿߣ׷ɱ˵޳ˡ
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ϣԪӰɿֲڻúʱģȫˣʱڰе³ϣǲҶԣһ̧ͷȥǰ޳ǣҲй޳ǵĹأ²ܡ
Σ
ԪʱȥĿ⣬ŵǶ˲ٶԣǹ޳ǵĹأʲôԹԼȥȥе壬ۣ֮һ
ЩԪȻҲʱ⣬ɭֻСһ֮ҲûС
ǿдУסߣѾˣȻСӴʱѾҲƻ޳ǵĹأϾǹ֮أǻúΪߣҲҪʿɶֹ
뵽˴Ԫ·ȥĿ⣺һѡԼҳǣǴȥ壬
һ±߲һȥ塭
ȻȥζʲôһʲôˣݣǶ˲øԤ಻պѰȻպѰĲ٣ϣȷʵǶԹ˭
˿̣߶ɭǱߣҲۣһ¥ϣվһʤѩŮӣϹѩ
ȻҲעǱߵֻǲ֪ΣԱһʵ壬ʲô
ǳϻصϣûйҪôһ䣬Ҫôһ£Ҫôͬھ㿴
ʲô
ϹѩҲһ㶣ָȥԼԼܹɽ壬һǸƣΧɽ壬˽ơ
޳Ϣв˶¥棬ֻһ䣬ϵĳԪ࣬壬һڹó˼꣬ôȥһ
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ȻֻϣԪɫ·һ࣬ϻ˵ҪΪڹ޳ǣϷû취
Ҳա
ٶԣ˫һ㣬˷Ϸȥ˼ɽϷȥ޲ǶȻһҽһǿߵ֮ս
ɭǱߣҲ¶˾ɫ紫˵˵ʶˣϹѩȻҲû뵽ȻҽӳԪ֮ս
ʱĳһϣֻվ׷ߣһ£һ£ˡ
ЦϹûСӣûʧɣ
Ŀ΢ף˵ʶȷʵˣ⾿ǵʶˣǳţ»Ҳ˵úܡ

ԱߴһЦָҡͷЦҿҪ˵Ļϲˡ
û˵ɫҲԵñأϣĿһ
ɽ֮ϣΧɽϣǲ˷ƣԷֹ˫϶꼰±ߵˡ
ΧɽϵķʮأǴʱɭ͹޳Ҳ˲ߣٴκӹ̷ƣϾһΣɲʲôһдĻǰǶҪ̶˸ȥ
һʱܵķ㲼úˣɭĳѸٴԶ룬ʱڳеߣҲҿ̫Ǹŷ磬ɱϾʥǿߵĶԾһ飬ֻýĻ궼ӣҷˡ
Сӣ׼ô
ԪһȻȫɱɽ֮ϵ磬ҲһС
ȵȡ
һ̧֣ƺδҪУԪЦһô֪ô
ǡ
ҡҡͷ˫󣬿ʣĽͳӣڻĳֹأº룬ƺȫûҪ
˵˵ĻԶ˽һ㶣ⲻڴļŭԷ
ȻֻԪɫһ±øˣֵŶˣСʵգͥôģϾҹ߸ɲò
ٺ٣һݵСӡ
Ԫɫ࣬ŭЦôϷȻ룿ˣ
䣬ֻһɽۣʱɳʯһɾ磬ֱ
һ¼ȿͣƷδȻеһϣһ˲չɲƿʮɾ롣
ȷʵҳԪ񣬷ҪӲԸһǿߣʵ̫ѡ
ֻŶˣ˵ҺСģ˳ΡΡάά˿ȻˣšӴҲǷһˡ
һ˵Զв˸еһ־˺
ɭǱߵϹѩɫһ䣬漴侲˹ʱԷˣҲ澭ϣһ˿ƭԪࣿ

Ԫɫһ±øӿˣһɫۣһƳ˹ʱɽ۵ʯҲ÷顣
ˣɲһ˲չ˵ҲûйϵǲݰҲֻǳң⼸ʮĿܶѣˣٻʮ꣬һܣк֮ѣֻǲ֪˻Ȳȵôˡ
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һԶ߶ˣȴ󵨲²⣬ڳĻû˭ȥ룬ɭǱߣϹѩҲסˣ˿˵ôܡ
ǰߺߣ˿ɫСӴ˿˵ģδҲ̫
һ˲䣬ϣԪȫɫңץסᣬ˲仯һâն˹ȥ

ɽϮԪමȻѹ˫һ̧һ㽫ɱâֵ档


1264 
Сӣƾ㣬Ҳ͵ϮϷ򣿡
Ԫɫģ䣬˫Ԫһ𣬡һʱ˻ȥһ·ɽʯҲն÷顣
ҲƵһˣû뵽϶񣬾ı£ǿߣȻֲ
˼䣬Ȼһӡһü죬˷Ӧ顱һɽ̳һѽʵʵ

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仰顱ͬһ˼һ飬ָޣճɱУʹ֮ʱգڶ飬Լ֮ǿʱĵط
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ʮ̫ʥ֮Ǵ˵̤صķ֮Ƿǣһڿ̣ǣ


1265 
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һ˵ֻ꣬һ°ڣ͵ϥȥ䡱һΧ𣬾帽ɽ壬Ҳһ˲䣬³ʮɣ±ߵѿѺۣһЩҲˡ
һ̳ɢȥ֮ʱֻԪϥɽۣ˫ֲסӡüѾһӡҲΪһ֡
һĻ޲ľȻҪһ
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˾ľֻϣԪѪģ飬£ɭĳϣҲסû뵽ԪΪأǿˣ
ΪжڿҲˡ
ֻУ׷۱䣬˪ȫһˣ䣬Ȼһƣѳ·ĳԪ
δʱΧɽ壬ͬʱ³ʮɣֲ֮£ϣɽʯѣŰ
Ԫ֮ʣ֮ϮŤԪ˲ʩԳҾѧһӡɳ¡һʱɽѣղǿסһơ
ٺ٣СӣϷΪжǿҲˡ
ֻԪɢѪһͷ׷ҲѪȾһ룬ģ飬Ҫ£ж¡
Ȱ
δ䣬ֻʹȫѪԪһƾѪϷɳ˲仯һѪӡԶ˶һĻˣǡ
СӣϷ򿴿ж
ԪྐྵϧıѪ꣬һߣȼձѪ꣬⽫Ǻεȿ£
¡
ֻһ죬ϣʱΪ̳֣ԶֻеһϢɽ̳ɢȥ֮ʱǰһĻȴ𾪡
ô⣿
ֻУɱųƵƣҲδһ£ղųԪıѪһȥƺδκһ˿˺
㡭ܣѵ
ԪĿţղһΪξûжԴκһ˿˺ⲻܡԲܣǡ
֪ͺã˵ˡ
Ȼһ䣬һһֱ֮ԪѹΧɽ壬Ҳܲסһ˲飡
ǺӿأǬ
ɲǡ𣡡
Ԫ޿ӣ޿ɱܣֻôȫѪԪʩԳҾѧȻ췦վѿһ
ǡ֮
Զˣ޲ľ֮ΨϹŲƪżأ˻ӵȿֲ
֮ʲôŵħ־ʲô

֮ѹ֮£Ԫ˫ȷ飬˫Ҳˣģͷ­ɿֲ֮£׻ҷ


1268 
¡
һ죬帽ɽ峹ױˣ̳ϯأ壬Ҳȫмѿˡ
һ£޲𾪣̳֮Уֻһ̺ȥһ̣ȻǳԪˡ

һ죬ħӰ˵һ³ԪĻǲȥֻһҽ𣬳Ԫδӹ⡰ֻؽһ˲䣬㱻ļš
̳ɢȥħӰҲʧˣΧһ±ðޱȣֻǼɽ壬дѿ壬ȥⴥĿġ
䵽ƵɽϣһɲǣֻеЩͷĿѣղŷһУԺﾹЩģ
˿̣˫ѾָǰѪ£ϵħ֮Ҳʧˣ֮Ӱʧ
δ롭
˿Ժһʱ뵽ģȻǻδ룬ᴥϵףһ˿˿ıϢδػʱҲȥˡ
ãˣһ㣬ղһĻš
ոǵ𺳣ʵ̫̫ˣŵħ𣬽֮Ԫǣûܹߣˡ
ʱ˿̣˶ڲţ˵֮ǰúˣ𾪣ǽڹ޳ɱһǿߣʲô
ֻǣʴ֮صʥǿߣҪΪ֮һ˵Ϊ˹ɽһΣк˸
ʱɭǱߣҲδعϹѩ㶵Ǳߣղθţ
յһУѾȫ֪ŵħ֣֮٣ǿֲԪ
Щ˵һĴڣվ
ˣǺôᡭ
ɭϣλǵľƺҲˣٳʲôСӲСӵˡ
ϣ죬ƽϢղһУʵԼ֪ô£һƬģֻǵãҪػδ롭һƬƬѩϣȴʹġ
˿̣عղţĳֽ֮Ҳ֪Ϊλǿһ֪ЩŵħΪλһ
ڣȻֲõԤУղŵһУ˿ˣ޳˻ֻ𾪣ʴ֮һЩϹ֪ϵˣֻ»鷳ϡ
ղŵʱܹóڿҪõɽȻ뿪ط

һ޳ﲢƽ˶۰飬飬ҲѾʴ֮شˡ
Ͼһǿߵ䣬Ƕڻúǳ˵ⶼһʧ֪һΣһкζҲ֪һΣǷɱӡ
¹սȴЩָоǰй֪ΣΪλˡ
Ϊɱ˳Ԫ࣬ԵĳѰ𣬶ϣŶܣԼҲ֪
ʱȻһ죬һӰͥԺʶһɨĺγʵҹã£һ˵ţһȥſˡ
ֻγЦվſڣ΢΢˹֣ˣģӣ֪ӣǷʱ䣿
Ŷ
΢΢һɭҪԼʲô£˵ˣ·ˡ
Ƭ֮γɭĳ棬˴ŽգκҲ޷̽档
ڵϣֻӰˣ֮ǰĵϣһڵףλİ׷꣬ˣɭˣв
ˡγϣλ깰˹֡

΢΢˵ͷ漴վֵһ¾ˣɭ
ӣ롣
γһʵҹĳˣ֪к¡
Ŀϣɲ⣬¸ǷͬСɣ֮УýЦ˵Ӵ˴ΣΪɽ
±ߵߺҲȻǶҲѾ̤ʥ뵽һĻǰ˵ʵ»Զ֮ϰ
ԷżɽҲĨǣ˵ǡ
˱á
΢΢ףγȥ˵γϣøӰɡ
ǡ
γȥȴһöȥΪĺɫʯ
˵Ϊ֮ʯ֮ͬصʸӳִֱȥ֮أ¸ᡣ
֮һˣԭԷҪ֮صʸֱøһͲȥμЩˡ
⡭Ƭ̣˵²ðɣ
ֱӸԼ֮ʯǷҲһڶҪǣԷ޹ʽ֮ʯøԼȻ
ЦѾӵı£Ԫǹӵ֣֮أ֮ˣкӵĶ֣¾ɭϸǣҲ˷ԡ
ˣǱлˡ
΢΢ͷԷҪʸøԼٺòɭк󣬲
ֵλúǱߣȻӲӷģɭᾡȫȫӣ˳ȡùɽ
Ŵԣ΢΢һô˵ȴǣɭҲϣԼܹȥɽ磿
γԼƺЩ˵ˣĳлˣֻǲ֪ɭǷкεطܹһ֮ģ
Ŵһ𽥱ð˺һżЩΪѵؿڵȻᵽ±Ҳ˵ˣм£ȷʵͷһӡ


1269 ֮
ŶЩΪѵӣʵ֪Ϊѣ˵޷
˼һſ˵ģһٶǰȥ˹ɽ磬ӴҲδлѶȫޡһΣӣܹȥɽ磬ϴĻϣӣܹϴһ仰
˵֮Ѿˣ飬˵Ѳѣ˵ײףڣɽ֮Ȼɹˣɽ֮УѰλ
飬ܳŵһɣȲ˵ڻδɽ磬ǽȥˣܷҵλҲδ֪οԷѾأ
룬˵ĳܹɽ磬زǲ֮Уֻǲ֪ϴòΣ
ԣϵļˣ˿Ȼ֮ǰʶһ˾سŵŵţǲѿ
һŴӵһ֮Уȡһȴһᣬ˵ӣ㿴һ£ϴĻ񡣡˵գγȥγϣ㽫ӿ
ǡ
γȥϴĻȻֱ׹ȥֻγӹС°ĻŪˡ
ӣ롣
ǰγݸӹ̯ϣһ֮ˣ΢΢һ㶣λŮӣ
ֻ֮裬֬׶üһѩüһ㵭ɰȴʧΪһˡ
û뵽ɭϴȻһŮӣʱŻع˵ǸĳŲᱡ֮⣬ֻû뵽ԭϴһλӡ
¶Ц̾ŴƮĿҶ˵ϴҲǵʮš桯ɭߣֻȥɽ磬ΪɽԲ㣬ȴû뵽һȥٶ꣬Ѷ
˵˴̾òŻعͷӣ㽫⻭ϣʱǧĪҪϴˣѰˣ빫ת˵ѵòֻķ죬Եиţȴǧҵڲܹһ˼䣬ٺò
֮˵ģ˴ĳ˳ȥɽ磬Ѱ
ˣˡ
ʱҲվͬʱ˹֣ǰЩʱգ˻ڴ˭˭Ӯû뵽Էʵ֮ǿѹֲҪ֮и¿ƺҲܹˡ
λˡ
Ҳ˻˻񣬴˿̵£ɭ죬ɭȴû̫ʥǿ
Ͼֻ̫꣬һ̤ʱûô棬ΪˣҲѰһ߿ɱȣҺܿ죬ػ۷塣
ȥգϣɱԪһ£Ȼʴ֮أһȻ󲨡
˵֮ǰʥֻδ̤ʥ˲žЩ̤ʥˣֻòСС֣ôһΣɱһǿߣٻϸʱȥħЩ̤ʥˣܲΪ֮һ
Щ죬ʴ֮ض۴˴ε飬һ֣Ȼ˲ε飬ѾǱȥˣһЩҲ֪˴£Ǹһĸһȱ£ܹʴ֮ȥ
˶û뵽Ȼȥʴ֮ɽˣ߿ʴ֮ر׼֮أȥʴ֮ɽֱǲҪˡ
ʱ̫ɫǴɾѾָˣΪػصˡ
Ǵ˿̣ɫÿҲû뵽ȥʴ֮һΣԷõʴ֮صˣôʱ򣬾ǣҲֹԷɽˡ
̫ʦ֣ô죿
亮˫üɫ̼ǵһΣ˾ߣȫ͹ʵΣû뵽ȥʴ֮ɽɱһǿߣֱ޷󡭡
ֻ̫һ˿âص뵣ģܴʴ֮ػŻ˵ɣߡ
ʱ죬ۺˮ̵ȻҲѾ˵ˣû뵽ʴֳ֮ôĶ
歷ȴüͷʴ֮һ֮أǱֳ˴ֻ¶Щ鷳ˡ

⼸գɭѾ׼飬Ӧ¸ȥ֮أΪ˱ҹζ࣬ɭձȥ֮ء
Ȼɭʥǿ߲뿪Է֮Σɺγ⼸λΪѴ׼ʥĳϣͬǰȥ֮أһҲȥ鷳
ϻ֮ģ֮ȻҪ黹壬ڿðǰ鴦˵뾡õɽͻʡ
ʱȥ£һѾ˲֮أ֮ǰϹѩҲ͵͵ںγҲֻðߡ
֮أʮﲻƻúҲգĵطȻҲǱܵģΪ˱ıԡ
ɭһʸȻ֪ĵطģ֮󣬱
ȥֻ͵֣һɽޱ޾˴Ϊɽĵط
ᣬֻ򵥵Ķԣֻһͬʱиֻþʱһ֮á
תǾɽ죬֪ʴ֮أҲѾаˡ
Ƭ֮һ˵һϣֻɽ۴вˣȻǴ˴ĸ
˶ˣһϹѩףڵĻúˣǶôСڻú֮أһ̳ɽյ˶֮ʱʶΪʴ֮أΪ档
ȴɫƽûκα仯ˣ֮϶𽥱ɫ
Ȼˣδɴ˴ɭģôȻһĿȻˡ
λһСˡ
ʱһ£뷢׵˹ۣһоʮ֮ߣҲѰˡ
γЦ겻˵գ̧̧֣˵һΣõɭĲʸԴ˴Σͬɽ
Ŵһ˶߿˹仰˼ѾԶ׼ˣɭһʸ񣬶ҪһˣҲûκ


1270 
һһбң󣬾͸һɴ̹ǵĺ⣬ƽĺɽȴƽ˶֪Ĳпᣬɰ졣
ʱһɽ棬ɭļλ϶䱸ţγ˿˿˵ؽţѳȥ̽˴
˵꣬γϹѩȥ˵˴κɽϹС㱣ܡ
ϷģҾ˵ȥϹѩ˵ͷ˵ʱʶԶ˿
˱á
γ΢΢ףȥСӣıԣҪȫͬʱҲɷģ֮֮ɽĵطһڣҶҵҪģ֮غͲ֮Ǽźͼ塭ӣġ
֪
˵ͷδԣɭϣȥɽ磬Ҳȥɽ磬Ѱɽ¶δ롣
һΣǻȥˣɱ񣬷ɱ𣡱Ҫ֮ʱתԼý֮
գصѾˣҲ漴ĻһԣʣĶ֡
ȻЩżһ̳Լɳϵ񹦼ӳ֣Ҳֵס۹½һ֮
̶̼Ĳߣ˵ˣܵİܣֱӷ˴˴ᡣ
ܹɱǿߣһ֮Уܹ֮ͥЩżˣɫޱȣ֮ǽг񣬿Ϊĵ״ԭеļƻ
գѾ֣һĻɭļλϲ⣬һεʮþˡ
ҲһǸеЩģǼż˲ϸĻǾ鷳ˡ
һ¸ɽ棬ɭļλϸˣһ˳Ļôεضˣ¾£;ʡ
ʱһֻӰ£ЩģһˣǱˣγкġ
ϸһԭоʮӰЩ˶ѰˣǸشˡ
֮£λο
ȿڣʮ˳˼Ƭ̣һµ߿ڵСӱȷʵǰѽ̫ǿôȥҿòһ£ȫð
ɭʱ£ˣԻõ˹֮صʸ񣬺ߣ浱Ϲɣ
ˣҲûƻأǺãôȥҿ磬ֱˣôȥ˫ְ͸ĺá
˶üͷΣż嶼ȫ׼Ϊ˴˴ιɽҲķ˲Ѫǳأȴû뵽·ȻɱôһʵɷҲ
һһ𣺡ҵи취֪λǲ
˾̧ͷ˵һʵкΰ취˵
ֻǰ˼Ÿ˵ϸ´ɱ˳ҵĳԪ࣬ΪһŹֻ治֪֮ںɽҲҲ
˵˴ȻˣʵҲû赶ɱˣֻϢ͸¶˳ȥǿƻʴ֮صĹأ֪ˣ²
֮£ǣ֪СһЩκ˲
Ŵԣ˵񣬶𽥱Բ֮£ֻҪؿƿܹ֪

֮һԣɽ֮ϣУֻӰ䣬۹½Ⱥۣ˸ټǰս
һ޷ǱǰѽɸҰѽ
ð
䵭һ˵꣬㽫۹һ˲䣬˷ӰͻϮȥ
һĻ˾һȴЩ˳֮ʱ˫һһӿȥ¡һʱȫ˳ȥѪѪصĵأʣµˣһĻҲϲټˡ
ĳ֣λգο໹ҪѰ·磬ȥ⡣
񵭵һ˵꣬һһӿȥһ·ɽʯҲ÷飬ʣµʮ˸ǵֵסѪ˳ȥ
һ㣡
˺˽һŭᣬɰ죬˵˶֣ɱ֣ҲΥ棬ʴ֮صĲпᣡ
𡭡
䵭һµʯȥ˶ŵһˣΪ֮ߣǱӲȥ޷Ҳֻˡ
ǼżϣɫҪѿжѿʱΣʲôһ
һ˸ǰսõһصĻþʸ񣬵ȴʱɽ֮⣬һɿֲϢֶţֻƲ㷭ӿֹǰһ̻ʣת۾Ǻ죬ɳգ
⡭⡭
ڳмλѾ̤ʥһɲǣҲ޷һ㣬ǹϢɶǣַزĸоĪǾǡһλǿߣ


1271 Ϲ
ʷӿһɲǣһɿµϢʱɽҲҶһ£
ǡǡ
ɭλɫɷףγȷӦϢѵǳϹ
ˡ
γʱһ˲ߣӡߣ
ˡ
Զǵ˲ϢӰƺϵ֣֮Ըûߡ
֮ǰγҵҲ⺮ɽ֪ˣҪ赶ɱˣ˴Ϣ͸¶˳ȥ
ת˲֮䣬һӰѾɽϷһīɫۣ׷Ȼ˫ָնϣ͸һǿߵϢ
ǿϢ£ɽ֮ϣѾǰͻȻߣȥλЩȧǸʣԶԪ൱ȥ޳ʱǰƺƴ󣬿Ǵ˿̣һɹӵϢȴ˲·һ壡
λǰ֪γƺɼ֪ν£
ʱһشȺ˳ҲһλķǴ˿̣˵Ϣȫ͸
ϷλţˣֻΪһ£λ޹أǼǵıԡ
ǰ׷ڿˣų֣ڳ֮޲һȻǳ棬ѾľôǵĻǴʱϵϢǵ
£ǰ
ʱҲȺ˳۱ֵĻŵ˶ӦƳһǰҲ޹֡
γҲһˣȻЩ˽ɽϢ͸¶ȥģǵĿģȻңҪ֣֮ȥһ
ȻĿ⣬һ˲ϣһԼϷߣϷԶ֡
һʱ˲ܽǹɽʲôһǿҪˣû˸˵֡
һ̣˶ʶԶȥֱɽ壬ҿ
γǰ˵ǰչ޳ǣϣ
˵꣬ʱȥĿ⣬γһ𣬶ʱ׹ѣҲҼ˵ȥˣƿҪֹͣһ㣬˿ɣһǿߣֻһָҷ
ߡ
һĿȥɱ˳Ԫ࣬ΣܷŹԷǴ˿̣ۼ˺ȴɵһһ˿֮ɫ
һ˲䣬ز˿һݣ϶Լ
ߡ
һߣСӹȻһ㣬Լֻ΢΢һɫԼ뷨ЩûйϵˣԪٶ׾١
˼ˣֻһ죬еʱһӡץȥֵ˲䣬ɲȻչԭһӰһɲʮɾ롣
ÿٶȡ
Զ˽һǸûܿղһĻܹһλǿߵĹѣǺε
ù
һղŵĲҲδˣΪγԪС
ǰţεҲ˼ұ˷ݴҪҪڹһʯϣԶĳЦŵ
Զ˼һλǿ˵ͷһСӵƵסˣ
ߣҲգϷ͹Ϸ׼ʲô񡣡
һһ缲һգۣǰٶȿü˿塣
һ˲䣬ǸܵһɽϢѹԥ˲óڿһԾһӣȥ
Ǳ͸Ĵ񣡡
һɲǣĽ㣬ʱ̫ҫ۹âһ⧲Զ˽Աǿ̵˫ʹʶֻ̧ס˫ۡ
һ˲䣬һϹʱɽ壬ֻһХ𣬰У˲仯˻𺣣һֻϹŽڣֱɽ۸
⡭ǣ
Ҳɫһ䣬˫ƣʹȫǰдĽֵȥ
䣡
һ죬Χɽͷһ˲飬ڳˣԱɿֲ˳ȥµˣǳܲסɿµȥ
ǡ
վ֮ʱǽâҫۣһɿµϹ˲ַԲʮ
ŵ㿴ˣһʱ֮䣬ȴ֪Ǿʲô˿µ
ٿһΪֵס˿飬˫桭Ѫ

㾡ȫȥ䡱һɽ۶ʱ飬ɽ壬Ҳһص׳ʮɣ̳ѿΡ
⣬⡭ǰһĻ޲Ȼľǵʲô֮
ҫ۽âɢȥ̳Ҳ֮ɢ˿һĻʱǾز¡
ֻɽ壬ȻĿȫǣܿѣм䱻һ޴צӡצӡм䣬飬ɢ۶ڱѪ
⣬⡭
˸ǰĽ㣬Ȼʧȥԭ޸ѺۣʱԼԼһЩǳƺûܶصˡ

΢΢һţѵ㶼޷شˣ
˾ֻ֮࣬ꡱһʲôѿ˶һƣſڳϣһɫıףֻǱ棬Ѿ鲼Ѻۡ
Ϲսף
˽һԳϣڽ֮صõһ屦ϹʱԻϹսסǹ룬ɵֵκηеĹѵǰ
ƴ˼׵ģΨϹ
꣡
꣡
꣡
ֻϵսףѳƬһƬƬ˸һǹϹսףȻȫݻˣ
һ̣ô£һ˲䣬ԥתԶʷȥ
֮ǰΪŽ㣬㲻ܵɱҲȻܹشû뵽Ȼһű׻ⱦˣȴֵ˽󲿷
ûشƾ֮һǿ߿⣿Ψӣ
ӣûпܣ
Ŀѣһ죬жʱһӡƽһҲסһ˲䳯ץȥ
һݣԥһɲǽ˲Ǭʩչ˳˲ʧǰ
⡭
һδƽһٴһһ˲䣬ǱܲϢˣʲôͨ죿
ϵ£޴ӣɫֲһ˲䣬Ҳʧǰ
ã˲ŻعĿȫǵɽ壬ʱһ
û뵽һǿߣҲϹսȱ׳ѵΪ˷һ𡭡
һǿСĽķ˵£ʵֲлһһ


1272 
˵˲ݳǧ֮⣬ȻһɲǣϢֳ
ǿߣ˿£˲ǬҲ޷ѣת˲䣬ϢѾȽԥһ˲ǰȥ
вĸоԽԽǿˣһ˲׷һ̧ʱƷӿһɰϢֱҪһ㡣
Χɽܲסѹ׷ױѣһʱ䣬֮쳾̴
Сӣҿӣһ̧һӡֱץȥ
֮˼סǽֻΪ˱ͶᣬͬʱĳּɵһΣԼս׳Ļղɽ棬Σǲ롣
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ʱԨϷԨȵħӿﲻóȻȥһ˫һƣ
䣬һֲӿȥǿнԨȵħʱɢˣԨ·ȴѾһˡ

˫ĿһСӸղԼһƣôѣѵǱ˾ˣ
ߣأҿܵġѻ󷨣
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˵꣬ߵ˵ͷֲãСԣ壬ڣںɽǵͶС򲻿˴˼ơ
һԣ㶵ģһɲǣԺȥ÷СԷɱԷĳ
Ҳ⻭һ㣬ûսңûз
ԭӣҲϲһ˼𡭡
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죬뿪֮ʱ
ԣʲôǶԣʲôǴ˶ԣʲô
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Żعæҡҡ֣뵽ʲô˵ʦȰ֮ĴȥɣҸľͷȥط
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ܿ뷨˵ȸңҪȥġ
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һҪȥ֮أ̬ȼն֪ʲôǸطȥģǸˣ׼ġ


1273 ֮
Ŵ˿˵飬µתʵɷһЩ֮أΣ
ʴ֮ôãȻ֪֮ʴ֮㣬ҲΪյĵط֮طȥħڣǱһ
һЩطǷ˼ˣᱻ֮أ˽֮أҲ֮ء
֮⣬һЩ׷ɱˣͶ·֮ʱҲѡ֮أһ
ʴ֮أڻúÿÿ֮ʱ̸֮ɫ
˿ֻ̣أʱתڽ֮أиħǵĵط
λħ
˵λħû֪ݣҲû֪ʲôʱʴ֮أͨϳĻֻܼβܣ
ħ
ɫһͷλħǰһҲ游Щ飬ħ˵պشʣȥ֮صħǣһΡ
֮Ѿˣʵħںδɷ¡
вС
δ˵꣬㲻ҡִϵȥеģħϲȥҲˣֻҺһȥС
ѻ˵꣬ȻףΪ߲ȥ֮ˣһ̫֮ΣգδؼõħλħλħֻһΡ
˶˵߿ȥ˵ʦģȻ֮غΣգߣҲµġ
üţã̾̾һ±¶Цݣʦ̾û취ˣû취ˣȥˡ
ʱҲ߹˹֣˵ģ˴ȥ֮أǷҵλħĳ֤ùػ
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ʵģħֻһΣİΣϾ֮أҲóȻ㡣
ʦİɣҲµġ
Ҳû뵽ղʦôͬ⣬ôʹӦˣҲΪһŵǻˣ߶벻ͬ⡣
ɫѾˣɽ濴˿˵֮أŲСһξ룬Ŷݼһ·̰ɡ
棬ָֻһʮ׭Է׭һ󷨣֮ʱ󷨷ɡ
ߵȥɣмǷСġ
ʦ㲻õģҲµģϴҵĽңһֱء
һ˵ţһ˿ˣһΣϾȥ֮أȻϲߣΣǵһȥôԶĵط
Ƭ̺ģ˫ֽӡһһʧˣҲʧԭء
ʱֻϡ賿֮ʣ紵˵ĲԶк߽һЩֻǰߣȴһƬһ޼ʵĴ󺣡
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һ㶣ȥҲǺȥ૵б³غʯ·֪¼˹飬ҡ
תͷһؿ㲻Ҫˡһģи˵Բ֮ҹԸ֮ˣһճɾġ

˵ɽ֮չǺµ˵⣬֮أ˴β֮˶ޱȣ˸Ū١
գ˼ߣҵʱЩֿ̻֣̿һС˵棬ǾҪȻȥСӣˣӦ߲Զ
ˡ
ɫ䣬˵˽ߣҵѻҲδܽҵߣҾţҪˡ
⡭˱˴˶һۣü¿ƺҲֻˣСɽͶ

ڴƬ޺˽֮أһУƶ͸һϢ
ǽ֮𡭡
û֮أһʱ棬Ҳ֪˿̵˽֮صֻΧɽϣʯ£ŵƺڹŶʱһУҲˡ
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ҡͷҿ˿ҡҡͷҲ֪
ûϵ
Զȥ˵λħڽ֮رȻʮֻҵһʣ֪ħˡ


1274 ħ
ڶգһɳǣֻнͰԶúǰ㷱ˣŲ߾ۼ
ɳĽֵϣܿһЩ̣Щ̣ȴǷĴ̣ġʵǷǳʦ
νʦһЩܹΪʿʱһǰΪע⣬ǰȻѾϺۡ
λƹ֪ħôߣ
ν˶ʦʵȻԷȴûһ㣬δᡣ
˶Լ˲ǣüͷ΢΢һ壺֪ħô𣿡
ʦȻûһԹ飬򸽽˿ƺˣЩĮعͷٴʵλƹʴ˴ʲôط
һΣʦ̧ͷˣ⿴һۣ䵭صʲôط֪ͽˣ߰ɡ
㡭
üһʵιˣô˵ֵֹģʲôҲ˵֪֪֪˵֪ˡ
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Ǵ̵ʦһ䵭ӣߣߣߣҲ߲ˡ

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ʱŻعͷһۣٴʵڣԸңħô𣿡
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٣ˣȥħǣ·ˡ

ȥڷ棬һüո˵ȥħǣĻҲҪһʱ䣬ô죿ֻһʱ䣬㵽ʱȥħǣҲһϲȥˡ

ǰ߷ɳ죬˵ͷɫƽɵ΢΢һ㶣֮ǰôţôȴ֡
ʱŻعͷ˿˵˵Ҫһʱ䣬ħǾ˴ңԶ
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¶ɻ֮ɫֽĿƿǰߵɳ˵ǰ棬һЩ谭
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һ˵һˣղЩ˵飬Ǵϰһ仰ˣǽ֮أɱ˶ᱦ֮±ǳǰض·
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ں棬Ÿֻһ·նֱʱ⸽ˣ֪ôһҪȥħǵˣһ·ɱɱ衣
ȥħǣƫƫһؾ֮ڵλãȥħǵĻþҪԶ·Ƶʲôʱ򣬾˵ˡ
ˣ˳ơ衱Ϊʮ֮ߣһʮķʥ֮ҲҪɵ֡
չ߶ˣһֱţҪɱɱˣж
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ԼһֻƲ㷭ӿӰٿȻǱˣ顣
ã䣬һģ·һһɽȻɳһѰɳལ
ǳལյͨ죬͵سԶȥ֮ҲŤˡ
ģ
Ƽһѳ֮ͻȻϮҪУȴֽһͬʱһâɳһϮĳལֵ˿С


1275 Χħ
ѽڿУһΧĿҲóҲһ³ˣѶһĽо룬˹ȻҲЩ£ܺϵĽһ
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Ȼ棬ӷ˳Ԫһǰѳ޽һ㳯նȥ
ֲĽ˺գԲʱҷ黤һһ죬ʱɱâٿȻ

ѽٴײʱøһֻУǺһ𣬶˵ĽƣʮٶҲ˼ޣһһâϼҶ
Ѿ棬빫֮սǷܲ룬ʱ棬߰˸˴˶һۣȻȥ
ЩɷϮʱ޵Ȼȷֻ顱ǼˣͻȻָѪ˻ȥ
һָķȥֻǱߣսˣɱһеʽһ±øˡ
ʱ±ߵҲͻȻ˸ˣЩ˵Ŀ꣬顣
ЩϮҲΪԵֵô˵Ĺƣʱֻһâһ˽˳ȥ
ȴһ빫սһ߸Ϯˣȥ
˴Լʱ䣬Χ˱ȥǺӹ裬ȴɳһһʽ֮䣬ǲ˿ء

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˱˴˶ӣűУʱȴҲҳȥֻţ˴ǰ߹ȥˣԹ趼޶á
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һ䣬ȻһնȥһƵֱͣһ·ʯҲҷ˳ȥ
ϮĿֲ΢΢һһɲǣȴƸܵץøˡ
ڹһ֮ʱֻһһƥ߳˲ڿһѡ齣

ײʱ죬һɲǣĹͻȻǿһֻһɵ齣Ҳǰѳ֮ȫ赲
ѽ֮â䣬ʱꡱһֻеǰѽ֮Ѻۡ
⡭
Զ˽һӦֻ죬ǰѳ콣ѣֻʣһعͺͺĽ
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һ죬ȥǰ齣ٶ˵һ֣飬תǰȥˡ
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˫ۣҲǲѪ˿ԽԽ䣬գҲֻǿԶȥıӰ
Զ÷ĽƣûаջɱˣҸղŶԷһɱȷʵסˡ
ˣѵһһ̣ƺѾ֪ˡ

뿪Щ㶵ģǻûлعһ뵽ղǹɱɱ̲סһѵɱܶ𣬲ȻĻôµɱ
Ǹ㡭
ħӦǲԶˣ¹ضԡ
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ԭգȴǽ֮棬ʮΧħ֮գʮˣǽ֮ʮ˵õΪ޲̤ʥոԴһˣħǡ


1276 ħ
аħ϶ӣ֮ʱ֮ʱ
ʮɣԽԽˣɳˣһʱ춯صɳϡ
ЩˣΪҪħǡ
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ʮ˸Ͻ󷨣ȻеķɽպХȥħһȾ˲ʧȥƻһ㣬׹˻
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ӣʣµʮŵӣŵĵѣʱŷ׷ת¹򣬳ϵħǲϿͷħǣҲˡ
Ȼħȴκ춯·һۣʦ˼ڱչأղѪȾ˴
ллħɱ֮ʣµļˣͬɢʱĶӡ
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⡭ǿߵĿ
ǲ˿Ҳֻǲ²ѣвȷʱħǱߣȻ˺ӵǱߵĶλĪǽգҲһģ


1277 
ˣʯ˳æҡֵǲǣղЩ˲ʶħġ
ѻ˵꣬ǺӱͷһЦҡȣЦС֪ʲôط𣿡
ģԼ٣ȴƺԼСü΢΢һ˵ҵȻ֪ˣﲻħ
ЦȻ֪ʲôط㻹뿪
ҡ
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ˣ΢΢һϿ˿֪ʦЩ飬һڵŵǽ˱ʣκ󣬶ħһΣĪʲôˣ
˼ˣֽĿתƵϣ׷ӣϲ޵ϢˣʲôˣΪԼЩ͸˵Ϊ
е˲ˣĹ飬Ѱħæ
Ŀ⣬˵ʲôʱԱߵİŮӴʦҪģҹΪɲ⣬СΪϡ˴ʶһۡ
֮˾裬ȻԭģһǺӲʵδ̣ǣ
˶Լأ˵֡һ
һ
ʦħǣǻδ飬ʵԺδ
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ӽӹƣ￴˿ʱϵħȻһǹ֮ǽɡ
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֮ħ΢΢˵ͷ˼ҳ棬ȥ˲֮أô
ԶԶԣ
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ħҲһͬ顱޲ȥѵǳ϶Էȴֻ˿ҡͷֻ꣬˵ޣ֮ˣޣûκιϵ֮أǲȥġԶħ档
ԭЦݣɴʱħ˵Цʧϣګګħ㡭
һ·̫һʱ֮䣬֪˵ʲôΪħһģΪʲôڣȴ
ȵȣȵȡ
ۼħҪȥȥ˵ͲܵǰȻˣǴλúϮȹʮƽ񡭡֪ˣ
˴ȻЦһŹֵӣ˵ħ㿴أʮˣǰأô͵ʮˣһûΥĻ𣿡
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ȣȿȡ
ЦôЩʦղżȻѾ˵ˣλֵܣûκιϵԹ㿴ħɳ֣ﾰ»㲻ҪȻҴͼգ
꣬һ㶣˵˵ȥǲϰæ


1278 ħ

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ħˣܷԲǧΪħħգٰ֮ڣɢȥ
ʦΣʦٴοʵ

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۲Ŵ˴ΣһԣĬĬƬ֮Խħɷ֮һЩҳԴͷȴŵøͻȻһ𵴡
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ԣתȥ˳ָȥֻǱɷ죬üͷһ壺ħǱߡ
ڻ֮ʱʺȻһӰǺӰԽԽý֮ʱһӰǸӡ
¹ֵܣԭڴˡ
䵽˽ǰһղħǱ죬ضǳʲô飬ħͽһˡ
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ʱħǺ棬ﾹһޱ޾ԨԭħֻԨħ֣ƻ磬͸һɭȻ֮
ԭ˴ŷӡƣѺԽԽӡҲ޷ѹˣħħй©͸
˿̣ħǰħˣ꣬˼ãſ˵»߾ȫ޸Ѻۡ
Ҫһ˽ħ¶ɫ˵һ𡭡

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뵣ģа취
ħȥһޱ޾Ҳ޵׵Ԩޱյħɷ֮
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Ҷ϶ֻܲ²⡣
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졣
Ŀһֵ˳һ̣Χޱȵ˶ס˺һֻԨµħӿ͸һޱصϢ


1279 ħ
졭
Ůüһħ￴ȥ˼Ƭ̧̺ͷʦȥ
ֻħ˫ָŽµԨ˵˽ѾãʹΨһ˼ӵͨǰͱӡˣʱ޿̲ڴ˽ͷһ˿ɳ֮϶ܿ죬Ǳ˼䡭
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˴ħͣͣħ￴˿ħ֮УܻῴһЩѱ棬Ȼ־ᶨ֮ˣҲᱻңСѶҪģʵڲУ˳ҲҪټǰ򡭡ܻԾʧ־񡣡
лѣ֪ˡ
һȵȣȻֽסˣתôˣ
㡭ҪСġ

˵ͷٶԥһԾħȥӰһʧ
ߺӺͰŮӽ΢΢һ޾ħɷ

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⳹ǵĺ⣬ǳħħͬһ㣬Ȼʬħ޾ħɷȾʬħħɷ֮Ȼɳø죬գҲ졣
˿̣һԵֵΧħɷϮҲ赲һЩԽߣħԽأʹףҲ޷ֵ
˴һ죬ħûҹֻ֣ܴ֮ʱ䣬Ѳ֪δֻħոսʱ
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ΧħʴԽԽأطɽʯѾȾڣǿȴֻеЩͷؽᣬԺǰе򶷵
Ůҿ㻹ӣ
˳ŴĵطѰȥֻ׷𣬶˲Ǳˣǡ
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ԭ֮ʱֵ꣬˳ơħֻˣΪħ

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һɽ֮ϣֻҲ˾ۼһ²Ӱʱɫ˪ҿܶá
ϣҲĴţԭΪεû뵽ѾһˣȴԲ˵Ӱ
СӣҲˣղܻ
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1280 ˭棡
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ħɫƽƽ˫ָ󣬿ص㲻һԡ
һ£˸һƽƽһ仰ȻԽˣȴԽͬһɽѹڸϣ޷
һɲǣҲеһжħļɵɸأʱ˿̣
ձ˪˶ס˺ܰޱȣֻɽ֮ϣ졣
һħֿڵչɽ֮Ҳ֣ǳǰܣȫƾλԼ˵գȥȥһǰδ֮°ɡ
֮⣬ȻٶིʱһɽͷϣɭҲٴγˣγ¶ϲɫֵСѡߣ
һǰ䲻֮ɭ˼ңŴ֮Ҳÿÿ̾Ϣѣиվˮš
Ǹû뵽ղˣħһɽһΣұǿƣѵҸħǽа岻ɣ
һߣɫʮѿڲˣ˽֮صħǸ˵֣
ҲԥһԾɵŰɽ֮ϣһɰƻȥҲΡɽһ㣬˲
ʣ¼żĲ֮ˣǶԼΪʮţһǰҲ˴ɱķ¾һϣҲδʤ㡣
ˣһϰɡ
ﵢʱ䣬ָһ۹½Ѽһɱ佣ȥʱøĽ
ǰѽ
ĵ۹½޲һմ˽֮ѾʶˣܵУûд˽˵ʵѾܿˣϴ˽ܹ֣
˿̣ʣǼż˱˴˶ӣǰãǻ֮Ķ֣ڣĻͻȻһ㣬ʱ˴˻⣬ȻԵķɽ׷ʩչɱУֱӳɱ˹Ҫȡ
ԺɱȴɰɽۣȻֻ˹ƽʱֻսһɨʻμȥ¡һʱܶˣѪ˳ȥΧļɽͷҲֲ֮£ҷ
һʱ쳾̴˶ŵòԶȥ̳ɢȥ֮ʱֻе۹бָ棬׷ڳһ֣һӲ
ﶼʱ׷ıģԺ֮Уֳֻĸ֣˭棡


1281 䶨
ɻս
ɽ֮ϣֻ׷е۹бָ棬ˣһ̣һɡ˻ģΨҶ𡱵ƣ
˶Ķ֣˵֣֮ǼҲδؼܹסǰѽ
ɫ࣬ȻʱΣȥҲ޷ֻˣ֮䶨Ī
ԶϹѩһңңʱɽϵǸˣͻȻǻ˴˵һңңɼ
һߣҲͬʵԭǿԼ֮ǰЩ֣ǰ׵һˡ
ϲô˴β֮ص
֮ܰʱһɽͷϣȻӰ뷢ףɷǣǴ˴β֮֮ĸˡ
̫ˡ
ԶγҲ¶Цݣһ··תʵ̫ľϲ
ϲ
ϲϲ
ʱвɵĳţҲ׷׷˹Цݣףô˴νɽ
˲ǲʶ֮ˣȻǴȥôҲ᲻ˣǲص׽ˣ˼ҿܹħˣǷ֮
̫ˡ
ҲǱɽۣ¶Цݣһ·˲ףԸԳõɽˡ
ֻǣһ˲䣬ΪԼͻȻ˵ʧ䣬Ӧе˲ǣΪδʱһܵĸо
Ϊʲô
ϵЦݣʧˣˣõɽˣҪ뿪ˣҲˡ
ΪҪ뿪ԼһָоʦΪδûиңʲôо
һߣħȻųô㻹ǲĻ֮ǰ֮ˣϼغϡ
һɫѿˣǱ˵⻰ǻһ⻰Ǵħ˵ģǸ
һӵĻҲֻǿѹȥΪħĶ֣˵α̤Ҳδظ˵ʤԷˡ
ħ֮һȻ鴫
ɫһ˵꣬һҼλϵߡ
ȵȡ
ڳｫҪ뿪֮ʱħȴֺȻںסһɲǣձ˪Զˣ̲ס˸
ħк¡
ͣһɲǣͷһɻ𣬵ȴһ˲䣬ѹȥһԼС̣Ҵı
ʱҲԶ˹ħԱߣ˶˵ˣӽ㵨ӵ鷳ħĲ㣡ûУ
ŴһΧգһ±ø˪˶̲סֻٺЦ޹˵˴ĳ
Ȼˣǻ
˫ֲϣӿˣٺЦһǿаסͷŭһżĳҳ뿪ˡ
ֱãΧ˲ŻعЦЦֻˣ˿ڶ
ȥԭ޹˵Сӣôħǵħ

һõ֮صǳ䶨καʣƻ֮ʱħҪȥˣ֮ǰȴһɽۣƺʲôҪ˵
Ƭ֮ɽϷɽ棬ѾħӰ˷׷Χʵӣħ˵ʲô
ħ˵£Ҫ뿪
ֻ˵û˵ˣ

΢΢ͷٶԣγǱȥ˼ʲôҲ˵Ҳֻñտڲˡ
ɸղħɽվôãض˵ʲô飬ʲô飬أ֪
ҹĻ֮ʱʯγ˻ع޳ǣѾȷˣֻܵʴ֮ظţ¸һȥǱߡ
ڻع޳ǰҪȰͻ޺ӦߣԲ·ϳʲô¡
ҹ֮ʱʯɵһɽֽشȻɭҰѹͻ޺ǰ޳ǡ
Ŵԣγüͷһ壬ںòõǲҹζ࣬ȥ޳ǣ·֦ڡ
ɭΪѣæҡֵûû£һ˿ԻȥģҴѶʦҡ
˵꣬ҡҡͷγȻȥɣͻ޺֮һᾡɭ;е顣
ѾγҲٶ˵ʲôˣֻСѶҪץʱ䣬¸±Ҫȥ뾡찲һС
ġ˵ͷٶԣ߰ɡ


1282 Ԫǻ
֮ڻص޺һö㣬ֻ
ʦǰˣҸܵϢˡ
ǣұ͹˰ɡ
ʱѾҹ쪣ߵҶϷɳɳ죬һ¸¹ˮ١
㡭Ҫ𣿡תһ˫۾Ҳƴʱĺˮһһ
˵ͷû˵̫Ļ
˵ͷǡðɡ˴ֺȻʲôͷȡһ֧ӣ˵֧ǴδɱģֻңҪȻҰ͸ɡ
ӵ˳ȥԷȻ£ȴὫ˻˵ɹΪܴǡջذɡ
һ̣ǸңԶСɽ壬һԶزȥ죬Ҳκ
˿̼ƻ㶣ջ˻ȥǣǺðɡǣˣʦǰ档

ɫƽص˵ͷƽһ˵ʧ䣬һ˻ǰȥ
ȵȡ
ȻںסһϲһתЦ㷴ҪȻٴȥˣߡ
ҡҡͷ˵ҴһķԺѪ֮ʱĬ˴ķܽѪ֮ѹȥ
ķ𡭡
㶣ڲѪһʧˣǴκգҿжԷ񱩵Ѫ֮ѹ˻ȥ

˵ͷʦķĵڶءľܹѹѪֻķʦմԼղˣƺЩ
ӣôˣ
û£ɡ
Ŷ
˻ȥָһһ׻һ´ü֮У˵ķھȥ֮򼴿ɡ
ͷüڻҪ𡭡

˵ͷ˵뾡ɭˡ
ǣǺðɣ㱣ذ
̧ͷ˿ջǱȥˣһΣÿ߳һξ룬Ҫͣ»ͷǷڣλͷʱ߿տյģѾӰˡ
ˡ
һ̣Ȼտյģʱޱ߼ʣɪɪ
ǣ壬Ҷۻɢѻܸ˼֪գʱҹΪ顣

ʱĶ԰Ȼһ̾Ϣֻ¹£֪ʱԼԼѾվһӰߡ
ʦʦ
͵͵˲۾˹ȥһ̾ο˼ֻ䣬٣οѾˡ

ʮ֮ѾصɭγջҲ˿˵鶼Ѿźãֻ¸ˣڼ䣬СѰһ֮á
ˣͲˡ
ڵҲһ˻ȥʴ֮أҲѾд꣬ǽʱգֶҪȶһΪΪ֮£ȫ׼
ȥ˫ᣬʣȻѾȥɽʸ񣬶õʴ֮صʱʴ֮صͬǰȥܹóʱж˾Ȱɡ
ɭӭһˣȴϹѩ㻹ûȥ
֪ΪΣ񿴼Ϲѩһ˵ĸоָоĳּɵǰʱںɽһ˴ɱķ
мҪ㡣
ֻϹѩ˫ü΢ЩģȻֻһ£ɱԪ죬˵Щ
ʱȻѿ룬֮ǰ˵ЩԵʱοȷʵΪҳԪǷ棬Ҳȷ˵˵ֻǲ²ѣзֱ棬ҲѰˡ
á
ϹѩҲˣ΢΢ͷ漴ɭȥ

ֹգڻúˣһص֮УֻɫںɽһĻһĻȻлɢȥ
ʴ֮أһǿʳ֮أ̤ܿǾǿ֮һħǣΣһգᡭ
ડડડ
ʱȻһٵĽŲ̧ͷ
ǣ档
һҳ˽ȿµ飬ǳϲһҲ֪滹ΪǰʱգԲ飬ֻһ飬ˡ
֪ˡ
һɲǣ֮һâһΣҲҪ취ȥɽ磬Ѱǳ֮
ֻҪδ޿ܣȻǴ˵е̫ʥ֮ҲδһԣֻҪǱûʲôǲܵġ

ͬʱԪɽ󣬽ʮֳ߷Ԫʱ֣ϼɣֻǳգƺӿ
壬ص֮ϣֻΣ·üϡԨϡϣԼ໹Ҳڣֻϲû
ԱߵСϣֻò豭ѹһ𿪵ż㣬ãż˿ڣ£ο
ãϲſڵʱ޿̲ڿ˼һУڲ֪Ǳ뵽˼ɣٶǰħͻȻɱԪҲѲ˹ϵ

΢΢ף˵ٶǰħɹǷйأл֮硣ȷɣһΣ֮ŵؿʱ˼ȣʱ˵Ƿʤ
ԣüºԨλ϶üĲ⼸ǧԪŵħݣ֮䣬ҲΪϹղ㹥ռ˼죬˿ҲûС
ʱ澳Ԫŵص߲ʶΣգǷЩΪʱˣ
ãԨϲŵҸղһ£űǲ֮˼䷢ȫ湥ʱ򼴱Ԫŵغ澳ϣֻҲԵֵס乥ƣѪɺӣͿ̿һΣ⡭
ϼ˶Ĭˣһ໹濴ȥ໹ʦܣΣ
໹ڵϣղ豭˼ü罣棬ǳһ覣ɡ
ƽ⣬˥ʢʢ˥ؼӿʢʵȴյϨ֮ǰһ˲䣬ܻٷһɲĹԣȻںڰ䡣
˵꣬ϼ˸üѵԪŵأ
˭Ҳ޷ģͬһʱȻǷ켫ǿߣҲֹˣ١


1283 
澳ҡ
ҹ˺䡭
ʱҹһ˿⣬ʱһϵͤ⣬ֻһӰѩӳ¶
¹⣬ҲƸϣһ覵ɴᴵߵķ˿ȴҲͲߣüһ˿ֵĳ⡣
ǵͣҪܵģȴ̫ࡣ
˿ݣΪɷ˵ģκҲġ
ǣҲ˿üŵһУʱվŵº棬˥ļ塣
ζ
ʱһϵζתȥӰүүôˡ
ֻߴһۣ׷ϵƣҲƿ˷˪˲Ǳˣμ硣
һΪߣܼ̫ӣҲĴּɵ
ʱֻͤߣôˣôûлȥϢͤʲô𣿡
һ˵ţһȡһζϣȥ۰
ζת¶棬˵Ҹղ룬˾˼ĳ־ʲôǵȵ죬Ƿ㿴ߵˣһȥȻһǣҡ
˵˴һסˣǰǴ˵Ļģȴ˶Ƹˡ
ζһޣ˿裬ʹȥƮƮһУȴ·һ˼Ӧеλ
ʱԺ֪ιʣֳָˣǸ׷ѩӡ
ζ㲻Ҫ̫࣬¸£ȥɽʱˣѰźһС
ԣ˵š

ζ˵ͷûùǴ˿̣Ժ棬ȴһĻһĻշϣһȥھ졭
ǣʸ񱻷ϳˣΪ˵ħҲĬˡ
ζ㻹Ǹ𣿡תͷ˿
β֪ζе뷨һֱףζʵҪǿԣҲϣһ·ǽڶġ
ζû˵ãʵүүм飬һֱ̫
ֹüһ˵ʲô飬˵
ζ룬Զȥ˵ƺ˵ٶǰҡһͽ
Ȼ£һ£Ҳ֮һ䣬Ǻܿ죬ָֻ糣ʵôȻʼ£
ζתǸˣСޡ𣿵ΪҪѳ壿
ޡ
һۣѾ֣һγԺ֮С
ޣġҵһˡ֮ͬˡ
үүôˣ
ôζδүүϺйֵ飬üͷһ壬ʵ
û¡
ۣ̾꣬޵Ϊ֮ϣȴʼӲԼħ;
˴عͷʵѾʧֹ꣬ζôͻȻʵ
ûֻͻȻ뵽ѡ
ζҡҡͷ¶濴ȥ˵үүģȥɽ磬һҵɽ

ɭ֮УʮƣȫѨ衣
ǽɭĵգҵϢҲѾȣϣɱԪԽļţֶֻһĻ꽫
һϣʵʮΣգͷߵħӰ֣ض޷ƳԪء
һǿߣ˵Ƕһͬ۹°Ľǿߣ޾塣
ʱֹȥ£ɭ棬Ǹоȥ˼Ƶģ·𶼳ࡣ
ٹ죬ȥˣպγӳȥ棬Ҳٴ˹ϴ桱顣
ļǣҶתһС
˵ɭҲ飬Ȼ֮У㵱֮£Ȼȥɽ磬ҪĿҵ㹻ɽ¶ܹɭλϴٺò
ʴ֮ߵĸѾϣܹռһ
úǱߣȻúˣճһõȴԭĳȥɽ磬һδ˵֮ȥ
֮˭ǻúǱߣҲв˺棬˵˵Ϊڳ֮ϣֻƺһֱɳģʶ֪
֮
ɭγͼλüںɽħ澯ңȻ;ʣĳһ
λصġ
˽˵ǱϤúܣҲҲˣҪСĵģҿӦǲŶˡ
ǰ歷Ѿյʴ֮ߵϢõʴ֮ص歷Ѿ±һٶʮˣȫǱ߹ӭȥ˼ƣ˴ξκαʡ


1284 ŵ
֮ۻú֮أһʴ֮ȻֻȥɽҪȥˣȴŲ١
Ͼʱɽ֮϶֧ţô˴ȥɽˣܹȫɽ֮϶
ʵǧ˼뷽跨ɽ磬ÿÿȥ󣬱ӴѶɼʹˣҲδϹɽ̽
ȻڣǶǹɽ澿һأж󣬾ʲôϹɽһУǶȫϤֻܴһЩżļе֪һ
ˣҲʼշóȻɽ֮϶һɽ֮϶̫Σգܷɹɽ֮϶˵
ǹɽһУ涼óȻȥʲô¡
Щ֮ҲվֻѣЩ꣬ķ֮ԽԽˣȻֹǶϹɽ̽
һգ˷̼ǵʴ֮صʱ򣬻ǰٻʢĴתۣѾ
ȥ˺ܶ࣬˻ú˼ҵˣпʬ֮ءຮ֮ء֮ء֮صȸ
ŵģʴ֮أҵˣҲͬˣ۴ǰʲôԹһ𣬶˽Ѱˣʴ֮صĹأκҲܴ
ʯ֮ϣɪɪ֮ߵͬһʯڲԶʯվųҵļϣмһµӣӺʱǸ֮ˡ
ڴ֮ǰ֣֮Ҳû˼˿ֻϥĿһʯͷϣ˸һԨȰ֮Уڳϣû˺ĸо
Сѣ
ʱγ˹һ¹ش󣬲ȻҲɭ˺һ

˵ͷûжԣҲ֮ϥ£񣬽кܳһ·Ҫʱ̱£Լõ״̬
һ֮ǿɽ磬һǿҲԽ룬վ뿿ŵ
ʱԶһʯһϢҲֶ֮ʯ
һΪϢɲ⣬γЦԭǹǰ
ֻʯıԵϣվһӰ뷢ףһ°׳ۣһȻȥмߣԱ߼ĳϣ䶼Եù
˱Ǹղ˵֮ˣйǿຮ֮عһŵˣιҲᵽһ
ĹУȴǰɾõһຮ֮ǱߵʮּңʮʵۺļţܹڶѪսףӱҲǼˡ
Դ˿̣˶óղ仰ڿ֮ȷʵһˣķɾһҲʼֻһ˰ˡ
ʴܹ֮ƺ˵õЩ̫ˣ֮õˣЩ
ʱϥʯͷϣûȥ˭Ҳû˭ȥʼйĸо
ȹʯԶȥ֮󣬺γعͷЦҲȥˣվԣСЦСȥ֮֮һΣѾõˣ˭ҲĲˡ

ƽƽ˵ͷûжԡ
γʼ䵭ӣҲˣϣΣܹ˳һЩԱ⼸˴ȥʱգҵˡ

˽һ£ãã֮غĵؽ磬ʴ֮һЩطգӷҲ֮ʿۼ֮ء
Ĳͬһ仰ܹݵúܺãʴ֮ɱˣҪɣɱˣҪɡ
֮ѾķشǰȴΨɽκ˽ӦǣƺԵЩ֡
ʯǰǰһƬããɽ֣һҲûС
ںߣҲǱ߼ҲڶǸг֮ˣȴʼձĿԵʮͲһ󱲡
˽Ӧֱȥŵؼɡ
ڣ֮۾ʯͷվô˻ǵһμ˵һ㶡
һȥӿ֪ŵںδ˵ػһĵβϤ
⣬ɽϣΪ֮ɽǧٹ֣ƹŵأߣˡ
֮˵ţһ㶣룬δ˵ˣΪȥƺϤӣ
ʱǹߵ˹ʵ˵λС֪ɶԴ˴Ϥ
ȻϥĿһʯͷϣԱߵĺγڽӻϴʱѾվǰ˰Ｔɡ
Ŷ
Ŀ⣬ˣƺҲûʲô˱ʻʯǰȥ
ĺɫʱֻ֣ߺϼǰɽһƬӰ飬֮֮壬ԼĪ˵һʮˡ
ôˣ߸˾һ˶˾Ӧǵģǵģ
䱸֮ʱȴʻʯǰˣλ˽š
Сѣ
γһ㶣ɽ֮ȥصӰ߶ˣ˺Ȼ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ѵЩˡ
ӭϣ
˷Ӧʮɽ֮ϣȻ죬糱һһһƷӿʯϲҪȥһ㣡
Ǳ߼λϽɫһ䣬֮һһһڵʯȥǿʯȶ
ͬ߶ԪʯȻ׹ȥȻǵиʯ׹䣬Ҳˣδ̫Ǳˡ
ôǸߣҪȸ
˽֮ʱȴ˫ָ󣬳˷ԦʯǰȥǰɽҵӰӣλ񡣡
һɲǣ𣬴׷סϣȻһɰȺۣ˻֮ƣ


1285 
쪣㷴ӦղЩˣƺΪϣոճƺԷΪλ
һ£ܻ벻һʮˣ޲ľһٶ
ԭΪ಻ĳŵȴû뵽ʲôһٶȫΪ
ֱ
ɫЩ԰ף֮ǰʴ֮صʱڿԷʲôֻһˣھȻ
ֲáֲʵԭһ֮
ɫ԰ףǳǼϣǸɫҲû뵽ߣ˴
ֻ֮࣬ԶһɽϣӰһ£һѩͰ𽡣
ϣ
˹֣Ȼȥʴ֮أһ겻ȴѾܾûмԷˡ

˵ͷ·˿˿û뵽ǾȻôӭԼʵڹŵǱΣ
ϡ
𽹰˵Ѿȥ˹ŵأΣ½ԼǱߣˡ
˵˴ͣͣʶ˿Щˣѹ˵ܻˣ歷˵;ʣβŰôˣʱһͬȥŵأȷһʧ
ԭˡ
΢΢ͷص歷ˣʱȣҪȥŵأܻˣ˵²˳٣Ǽȥŵء
˵ֻ꣬תȥ߻ڷ㶵˵Ѿǰŵˣ²˳٣̹ȥλûǰ·
Ŵԣ˷׷׻عһǰЦˣˡ
һ̣ƺ˶̬ȶһˣҲЦЦ˵Сᣬȴһ֮ϷǰһҶĿʶ̩ɽð֮¡
ˡ˵գٶ飬ǰ·ȥŵء

һ·ƺƵǰȥƣ˸裬±ߣҲвĵ˽ǿûʴ֮ЩˣҲܾء
ǵȻˣΪǴǰ𣿡
ȺƺƵϱߣ죬ҲѷǴǰɱˣԪĴħڣƺĴħڼҲһˡ
Ȼ飬һĴħȫձ֮£ʱ歷˵һ䡰ԣûҪҲһֱˡ
ʵȷʵձĴħڣ歷ȻĴǣϾħħȻʮ־
ħ֮УЩһģվħǱߣ˳죬ǿձֵֻ࣬ʱҡ
ϾԪ֮⣬ĺ˻ģǱ߻и飬歷˿ǵʮȫǿꡣ
ʮ֮澳ġŵءȥֻɽأޱ޾
ɽ壬ѾѣһЩɽ˼ѹһ㣬ѾȫΣǴжѿ
£طҪ䣬ȴƮѩһļŵĳǺ䣬ﲢ֮˾סƽʱⷽԲڣԲӰ
ںܾǰ౻ɽ˵֧صĵطŶҲ֮Աڴˣųǡ
ʱɽ֮϶Ÿɽһ
ʱǰŲ֮˵Ϣǡɽ֮šǰ治Զˡ
漴ӿٶȣȥǰ棬ֻɽϣӰ´£ۣƲν
һһˣ
ɽ棬Ȼ˾˳ֻЩվǱߣȻˡ
Ȼǰȥϵ֣ǴСеģ
˵ȻһƣǼС˸סˣ´ʱ΢˾ˣ̫ӶڣǼҲһٷԺһĻĻֳָ˵졣

ʱһ𣬸˶֮ס˺ȴ̫ӴӲԶ˹
һ£Χɽеˣȫס˺Ȼ˵ϻص顣
̫һΪտȥƺɲˡĪǾѻص۷壿һ̤ˡ
̫ˡ
Ҳǰȥ˫ָһͷ׷Ŀӣһ̣ǳʵһ㣬˵
ߣʴ֮صĸ˴˶ӲȻҲó˫ضгġ
ЩҲ˽⵽ˣԭˣԪ֮
ʲôݣһõʴ֮صôģȻҲʴ֮أԲʲôԹκˣնûκȨʴ֮صδţ
쪣˶ϢɽߣζѾˣҵˣռҵˣҵ˵ȵȣʱҲԶԶ
Ŀ罣ϹƺΪѾָ۷ˣһһ¥ĪѾ̤ˣ˭ڰ
ʱ̫ȺˣȻȥҲЩڣȻڵҲ̴ȥʲô
˫һ½ţսŵ˼£Ȼŵˣɽȣܵɽ壬ҲȻһƬѹѹӰĶʮˡ
ȼƣɽﲻ߶һմôʲôѲġ
̫ĿһɽǴƬӰ˿ôôʲô
ޱ飬һȥΧ˲֪ҪʲôҲҳϢĿš
̫ӵԣֻһ˲˵ȡ㹷ģ²¡
̫ӵʱ˪ָһôŭˣգԿ
̧̫ͷֻԶʴ֮Щ˸һ־һ


1286 ط籩
ֳգһ±Ϊ̣ԶɽϵˣһɲǣƸ֮ܵ䴫͸Ǻ⡣
ɽȣ˵̫Ӳһǰȥ˶Ϣ񣬻ӽ˶֪һ֣֣
ǰ׷ɱ˭Ҫ׷ɱôǣȵԼǷܵһˡ
Զˣʱ֪ΪΣһĪĺ⣬ζϵ飬ʼûб仯
ɽȥ󣬹ˣҲ漴˸ȥʴ֮صѾǰ棬ֻҪǣˣһκúú֮ɽ֮϶
ɽȵֻǰһ籩ɽ֮϶ڣҲ˳ɽ֮š
ɽ֮ţȥǲǰľ޴籩Σճ̶ȣ˿ѷɫκѺۣ֮һȥ˲ᱻȥ
ڳˣζǵһŵأҲ״μɽ֮ţǿֲķ籩һ޵׵Уκ˿
˵һߣߣóȻǷ籩˲䣬ͬҲ޷롣
ÿɽ֮Ŵʱ涼ҪԱɽˣܹȫ롣
Ļʹɽ֮Ŵ򿪣óȻ룬Ҳɽ֮϶ߣǧ˵óľ顣
һΣ֪Ƿǽʮ䣬ؼӿ˴ԵʣһθܹԸܵɡɽ籩ǿ࣬Ҳһ˿֮Уκ˶޷
ϵߣڻǰһ̽ʱδȫȥѰϵߣ
ѵҪȥĺǣѸҳʹߣҲ뱻ؼεķѹΪ
¿ֻȫ֮ɳпȫɽ֮ţȥɽ˰ȫС
ϡСģ
ۼڼǰߵġɽ籩ȥͰǰסˡ
޷߽һЩܽʶ̽С
˶֪ɽ籩Σʶֻܼǰ
Ҳ̽ʲôο¾Щ鷳ˣϾɽ籩ǿ̫࣬˶û뵽ġ
𰣬˹
𰴫ȥһ漴ɽ籩ȥԶ˶Ϣ֮ǰû˸ҿֲ籩
ܿ죬ҹӰʮȫˣѸٻΧһ¿ֲ籩⡣
ǷڳĳЩˣҪֲ籩ʶĸӦ棬ʱһѣǷ籩֮УǺ롣
ģط籩ԽԽˣʱֻҹӰʮ˸߶ȽţͬʮֽţˣʱϢţκһһʱ·ǣǵġ
ѲɣѾܹԸܵɽ籩ĿֲϢˣټǰܻ⣬⣬Ŀǰܲġ
ϡҲʮֽţҹӰһ侲δŹ
ǾＴɣظ
˵ͷ˵Լǰ߰ɾ룬ǰɽ籩Ǽأ𰾪ϣ㲻ټǰˣ
ǵΪѾ޷ټǰʹ壬ɽ籩ǰʲôҲǡ

˵ͷͣڲǿ֮ʱδ뻹ȣȻκ⡣
ָֻһ˫ۣһʶɽ籩ȥʵڴ֮ǰҲв˳Խʶ͸籩ȥ̽澿Ρ
ôղû˳ɹǵʶ޷籩ΪѾʥˣҲܡ
˿̣һʶͬʸһ㣬˲˹ȥȻŸոǲ籩ʶһɢһҲܵһ
ϣ
Ͱɫһ䣬һ죺Ҫû¡
ԶҲס˺Щţղһ£Ȼ޷ᣬȴЩΣյģѰ֮˵Ļ˵Ѿܵˡ
ʱһµңңȥɽ籩ý֮ǰʶ޷͸СһЩֱʶײȥ˼ǡ
лѣ֪ˡ
һ䣬ٴʶǰ֮çײˣСʶȥ
Զˣס˺𽥱ý֮ǰҲ޷̽쵽籩
֪棬Ĵڣ޷̽쵽ɽ磬£ƽȫϣϡ


1287 ɽ
ʱһȥɽܣ˶ȫעţһʶʧˣڶʶСȥȻӴһ籩֮ʱƿҪɢһ㣬գڶʶҲʧˣǷ籩˺֮£ɢ
ϡ
һüһţȻѿһΣʧˡ
ԶҲźʱҲҳţãʵΣʵڲУա
̶Ƭ֮䣬ɽķ籩࣬ҪһУɽȥû˸ҿȥʶӲǷ籩ɣοأ
δϢһֽʶ̽һΣȻСĽǽӽط籩ʱסˣ·ܹİ֮УԼ֮
ʶҲ޷͸籩ǻкܹ̽쵽棬޷̽쵽棬Ȼٶˣοɽ֮϶ȫ˽ȥ
һΣ֮£ʶط籩ûɢȥȴԪ̰ĸоָоЩܣܵ
ʱһһ㣬ʶ洩͸ȥ棬ޱ޾ļţһƬڰʲôҲ
Ǵ죬һҲԽԽţɽȸŵؿš
ζʼնûб仯ȻҲǵãǴڷϣشʦġ
һߣռҵҲעĿţȻܶ˲֪ݣֻǸƮƮüĿ续ȴʼŮӣٻ֪ݡ
£ȻռˣټϵϢѾ뵱̫ˣ΢˾ƽ̫ˣѾûĶˡ
˿̣ٻվ±ϣƮƮȻһؿԺ棬ǸˣǸ㲻һУҲҪһˡ
¡
֮ʱȻһ𶯴ɽ籩洫ʱɽȾһø˿ȥ
ϣ
˸һҪǰȥӭȴһɷ籩֮һ¾˳˳ȥ
޷صģ
һһסȶΣ˵ǲù
˴Լʱ䣬ΧˣʱŻعַ׷ɽط籩ȥղŵ𵴣Ǵ洫ѵɽ֮ŽҪˣ
·ղſǿʲô
˴ʱʴ֮ǱߣҲͬأγСľţͻʣڳҵˣҲ֪ʲô
ղŵ𶯣ʮͻȻѾʶ͸˽ȥһ֮£ʶȫɢˣʶٴǷ籩̽Ѱȥ
ϡҪȻ˰ɡ
ʱɽϷһӰ˰覣»ȴ¹
䵽Զĵطһֱ濴ţղһ£ʵЩģҪôȥָʲô⡣
˴籩أ£㲻Ҫ
̧̧֣֮⣬ȻԲ
ʱһһǣźЩ˵ģ˶עĿһ
ϾҲ֪ط籩澿Σǵʶ޷͸ȥֻܿˡ
Ϣԥһνʶ̽˳ȥղžͲôһ㣬ܸ֪ˣھٳһδκȥԪ֮ҲԽԽƣ

һֱĺɫ٣ϱߵʼսſţʱ֮ǰǹɡɽ𵴡ʼˣտʼֻ΢𵴣𵴣ԽԽˡ
ϣ
µںޱȽţɽϷˣҲʼٴԶȥһɽ籩ͻȻϯ˭һ˲ӵ
˿ȴȻδ뿪ִŵؽʶ̽ȥҪרʶ޷ʴɽ籩ϢڰˣΪʼǲһЩʱ޷ȥֵɽ籩Ϣ
Ϣ֮䣬ȻһӰǱ߷ȥһȥһ±㽫ʴɽ籩Ϣɢˡ
˶һȴռҵٻֲһ㶣ǱΣգΪҪȥգҲɣֻǰͬʱҲǰˣҳɽܡ
ٻռҵĽӰˣ֪ӼʮǰʼռҼճˣЩռһдС񣬼䲻ʳ˼̻ĶСɣΪҲӹɣһˣ硣
ʱһ£ɽ籩Ϣʱʴˣ˿ǱۣӦɽ籩棬ҲܵóʱԱվŵˣĸ׵ãռλС
ԽԽǿңǹط籩Ҳ˹һĻ˽һʶԶĵطȥ
Χɽ籩ϢԽԽأʹٻ񣬿Ҳ֧Ȼ˫ۣüԽԽһɲǣѾʶ͸ǲ籩Ӧ棬һϹʱڣʧ硣
ģģ֮Уƿɽ磬Ʋ㣬ޱ޾ɹƵٵɣӣۣ֮顭
ԽԽңֿ˻ѣЩɹԻ촷ۣɣҲҷһʱŶ磬ױ
ΨһɽƬǺˣԺεֶͨΣ
ۣ֮ꡭ
ʱȻһ֮֮ǰһ´Ժ֮Уʱȫһʶһɲɢ

ɫһ±ò԰˽һʲô
Ҳͬʱط籩֮Уһɼֲӿٻɫ΢΢һ䣬һɲǣԥһһ˲ȥ
һֲӿʱ˸ղվλûˣֱã𵴲ֹͣʱҹĻ쳹׺ΧһУָֻƽ
ɽҹ֮У͸һ죬ղһĻ˸еģֱ˿̣ƶûܹع
ϣ
ʱ˷ȥ亹ۣһ»ӳЩ԰׵ӣ·Ȼڣʶɢȥǰһ̣Ļ֮С
ղţǿʲôˣ
ʱҲڷӦ˹в˶߷˹Ӹղŵοȷһ濴ʲô
Ȼʱȴ˵ԺŸղʶһĻǣһһŮӵ
ۣ֮ꡭΪʲôԼֵһ


1288 
߹ˣԽԽ࣬еҪ֪ղ澿ʲôʱ˿ʵղſ濴ʲô˵Ҳô顭
¸磬Էֱʱȫѹ˵ղĳ濴һĹɽ硣
˵ʲô
һڳ˾һȻȥ˵ֻ˵Ǵɽ֮϶漫пܣһĹɽ硣
ɽ硭
һ£˸ֹסڴ֮ǰ˶²⣬Ҳɽ磬һ㣬ϹʱڣŶµһƬȻʱһ˵澹һɽ硭
ˣŴɽɽɽߡǴ˵Уסɾˡ
뵽˴˸Ϊ𣬹ֲɽˣӴ˱Ҳδѵ棬ǣҲϻص˼
ֻ˵ǣɽһգ˼һ꣬˼ȥǧ꣬ɽ֮Уǧհˣ
ȻһУڶֻǸ˵Ĳ²ˣҪɽ֮϶̽Ѱ
ڴ֮ǰʵҲ˲²Ҳһɽ磬ɽ
ǽҪΣ
һ̣鶼쳣Ӹղŵɽ֮϶ؽڽЩմ򿪣ɽ֮϶֮ʱ˱Ԫֿɽ籩ô˴εˣȫ롣
ڿƺǵУ׼ʥϵߣЩϾһΣɽ֮϶ԭԤϡ
ٵȵȰգѩ򣬶½Ǳߵ˹һ߿˵¿Ҳֻˡ
ȥʱ䣬棬ط籩֮Уʱ𶯴ɽȸҲ𵴲ֹ
̼ǵϴɽ֮ſǰǰˣʱҲһ˽룬ûκѶʮǰǴΣΪһЩԭҲ˽롣
ʱˣøˣЩ죬ȴʼЩл㱣ǵҹ˾ÿÿǲһ㡣
ǸĹɽ磬겻بĵ
ϣôˣ
գɫһֱЩѣΪԪ֮ʱ˹ʵ
û¡
ҡҡͷȥô࣬ʱɽ棬һ紵˽һɱϢһ˶˸
ʲôˣ
˶ķȥֻǱߣȻҶ죬һɪɪ磬ֱɽ˽
ǡһɲǣȻв˶ܵˣЩ˵ΪϢΪͬ
ֻߴԼʮˣĸ̧һ黷ƵĽӣԱߣаλȥΪɲߡ
ڽӵǰͷһˣǸӣֻһ£һȣüһӡȥʢ˵ĸо
֪Ǻηѣ
̫תȥӣڳΪ֮һﶼ޷ûǱҪչ£ڡ
ǡ
ֻ¶ḡЦһӣݡһһöɫٳ̫ӷȥ
һ²˶һ˭δҲ̫ˣ
ѰҲͰˣ̫ӱϾ֮һ˽׹ȥδҲ̫ĿˣĪƲ
ۼһöɫﳯ̫ӷԱȴһ֣еʱһӡһ½Ǻɫץ˹ȥֻǳ֮˲Ǳˣ΢˾
ɫԭȴһöƣ΢˾У˹ŵֵʱ򣬲ɫ΢΢һ䡣

ֻ棬ٲȻš֡
Ǻǡ
ɽ棬ӵһЦһ̣ǲڳκ˷˵ĺ˻ġᣬλѡ

һ֣ڳʱвɫһĺ˻ģ˻ĵ֮һҴϹʱڴһֱǱߣٵ߶
ЩȴʱйĴŴвˣ֪ɵˣǵ桰ӡһΪɲ⡭ǰᣬӵͽܡ

һɲǣҲȻʲôϻȥɶʦ˵麣˶֪٣ƺг
ԭǣӣЩƺҲһֱѰĳ䲻֪ʲôضʮҪǸͽܷᣬΪʮţĳβ֪ΣͻȻˣȥһָˣˣȥ󣬲֪˵ʲôԺҾͽˡ
عȵӿ˿˱ǵ˵ǸˣȻЩţȥһˡ
ֻǡǽŵˣ˭
һ̣֪ΪΣȻܵһɳ֮δܹ˱ĺ⣬ɺ⣬ΪξЩϤǽ棬ʲôˡ


1289 
ʵ˶֪࣬ƺˣɲŸӼɵѣÿÿĴԣҲǺš
ʱв˶Ƕ濴ȥȻҲܹܵһɺ⣬ֻǲ֪ǽŵģ־Ǻˣ
һ黷ƣװηĽӣŵģܲӰɣ
ʱǽ棬ڴһ䵭ᣬ°ɡ
һԣԶ˾һһŮӣֻ˵Ϸǳ䣬ֻЩ䵭ȴһ֣ǱҪĸо
˭ѵǡ
ǣʦ塣
ʱת湰˹֣漴һԣһᾹƺΪʦ塱񲻱ӵʦã
ӣ
ڳ˽ɫһ䣬һв˶˵ӡţ飬飬顭ӸҪ£
һ£˲ڷӦǷҪȥɽ磬Ҫȥɽ硣
Ҫ˵Ļ˻ĵӵһҲʲôɣοҲǰģ˼һ˰˸Ϊ֮ˣɽ֮϶
һ̣˶ס˺ʴ֮ǱߣȻҲֻ֪ǲϤҪ˵ɵĻҲڡ
˿̿Ƕӣз룬ӣӡӵʦã˭Ϊɺ⣬ЩϤ
ӵţڽһ֪ģһ꣬ʴ֮ǱߣȻ˿û˵ˡ
ֳգЩţ˵ɽ˼䣬˼Ȩ룬ɱϾĺ˻ģ˻ĵ֮һ̼ǵõ꣬˻ĵҲԭΪС
Ҳ޷
ʱ΢˾˵һ˵ָ꣬һݡһֽöƣᵯ˻ȥ
գѾò࣬ɽ֮϶ڼҲ飬뾡ҵ㣬Ȼ󷨣Աʹһɽ籩ȫ򿪣˲˽ȥ
ֹ죬˷ͷɽ帽Ѱ㣬һ죬ɽɽ籩ѾԽԽأֻ˽ɣɳԴɽ籩
ʼղӴǶ߳˶ܺ棬ʲôû˸ǰȥӡ
ֵ֮ʱһգɽһһͬ
ˡ
ߣ䱸ֻɽ棬а˵Ӱһ̣˶ס˺ǰʱһ
ֻǰ˸棬һӣһƮƮŮӣŮϵϢЩڳˣʹôڲأҲӹʥߵķۣһԼԼ

мأŮӣ¸֮һ濣ԱߵĺӣǾһִͫ
ˣ߻ˣҲһһŮŮҲ£òԱ䣬Ӵһڰĳۣʱʱŵɫɷף壬Ҳ̲ס
ǱˣŵĹʹԱߵŮӣʹ֮ʱʹոȥ
̼ǵǰ֮죬ʹֳţҪж磬ȴǺӼèһ
ȴδȥ࿴һۣʹԣһֻϣɱˡ
ǱߣһˣһĿ¶⣬һָˣǵ裬ǣ
ʱ˫һ棬Ƴ˼棬ۺ죬ɽȣһ³ɱŰԶˣܵ˶֮ս
Ŷҵ˭ԭǵϹôô죬Ѿ𡭡
ߣͫЦһʱŭͷ˵ʲôʱЦϹǷϹûʦ˵˵ʲôãϴαϴû𣿡
ͫˣֻҪ鲻ڣһϲ£ʱҲôˣļڡ

ɫȴԳסһƱ㳯˹ȥƷ缤֮£Χɽʯ˲仯촷ۡ
ǡ
ͫЦһӡһᣬһɵĺӡշɳ䡱һ뷽һ𣬵ʱø̳
ȷʵЩ
ͫһЦδ䣬ƣһ˲˫ֽӡЦǿǷӣܳŵסغϿ䣬һͻȻȥ
򡭡
ͷһȻзҲˣһٽ֮ʱȻһɼ͵֮һȥ顱һײӵϡ
ҿ˵ãҲû
ʱȻ䵭ͷһʶ濴ȥһɲǣһɲʼߺ֮ɫ
ÿ
濵棬һһ½ƿȥš顱һ濵֮ײһ
СҲŪ
Ȼһ±üˣţ˻δӦɽȵʱһɿֲ֮ǽӿֱͫ˷ӿȥ
䣡
һ죬濵򣬾һ˲ֱӱ飬ͬͫڣҲò˳ȥ
ÿֲ
Զ޲ľȻۼ濺ͫ˷ǵɿֲ֮²ɣΪߣһ˲Ȼ˺Ҳֵס
⣡
˱òȥһɲǣһѪǽзɳ˲仯һѪ⣬ֱȡǶȥ
ӣ
ڿһӰǽзɳһϮ£ȾѪһ㣬˫Ѫ죬ʮָָףѪޱȣ
⡭
߶Ȼһ̫˽ղҲҪ
סְգ
ǧһ֮ʣϺȻһӡ䡱һɽȾһȴǿнǼѪֵ
һԭ̫˳ˣ˿ֻ̣̫ɫ˪һһɳǿн˫ֿλǰк϶գﶯġ
һķʱѻȸɴڣο̫Ϊһ̤
Ǳߣ߰оգû뵽ŮӵʵȻ˿¡
Ǵ˵֪ǰʼֻ̫ƪҲɿֲ
Զ˶ϢǰеĺŮӣ˪һɵ֮⣬Ǹղһ£̫˼ʱֻ֣ߣѾɥȪˡ
ŮӳֱȡȻӣ顭
ʱһطҲһŰеӣ˲Ǳˣȴ

Ҳһϳˣ죬Էȹƣϲ
ֻǲŶ̶ʱ䣬ǸȥЩԼߵˣˡ


1290 ɽ֮϶

һΣϲϴˣǰеġӡ˭ֻģˣôͱӵʦˣ
ǸŮ𣿺ִ˾£ԼȳŮӣҲ
ɲΣǰġô䣬ҲûһֲΪ
Ϊβһʱ䣬ʲôӣôӵʦã
һУô¡
Ժ˼ȻЩңΪλ˻ĵ̼ǵõ죬Լˣ뿪
ڣڡ
ӣڣӦòǽԹʱ򡣡
ʱһӰ˳Ǹѩ֪꣬ķΪ͵ӡ
ŴԣҲ֮ɽɽ籩ȥֻɽ籩Ȼڱ뾡ҳһЩص㣬󷨲úãʱٻЩ鷳
Ҳٶԣһ䣬ַɻǶǱߣͫ濶һۣҲټ˵ʲôˡ
ĴѰ㣬Բ󷨣Բ֮ڣϸѰ
ֱҹ֮ʱ¸Ƭɽӳյͨ磬Ѿɽȵһ棬Ըڴ˴ѰԼһ߷ȥˡ
ǰһӰӰȻչɲ׷ȥ
ǰǵӰ֮ͣ£һȾѪһ㣬ֻ΢΢عͷ䵭ϴˡ
ϴˡ
һȥʵ벻ףĪΪؼ˿¡
죬һơ
֣ţһֺ֮αؾᡣ
תҲǣֻǴ˿̿Ŀ⣬Ҳû˴ǰˮᡣ
㡭
Խоǰ˲ԾľʲôΪ˵Ϣȫá
ԣ⣬Ϊ֮죬һμʱʱٻС̵Ķ֣ٻС̣ĶˣԼδظ˵֡
ֹ
һ죬ʱ˿̣¹֮£գ˵жô䣬ֻȫû˸һһ̶ˮ
֣洨ţټǶ飬Ҳᡣ
˵꣬һ˷ȥ̼ûӰ
û׷ȥңңӰʧĵطղŵĻ·𻹻صڶһǵˣ򲻱飬֣š
һɲǣԺ棬ֳָչħڣѺۡ
һĻһĻɢļƬȻһƬһƬ֧飬Ʈҹ

ʱֹȥգһգŬ֮£ɽ֮϶ȫˣɽ籩Ҳӿɢˣ֧󷨣ڱ˽С
ֻǸ˲ͬʱ룬ÿȥһˣ˶ƱؽҪһֱ֣εȫ֮˲ſͣ¡
ϣ
ۼؼҲΣյһˣҲعȥҡҡͷǱˡ
ϡ㣬㶨ҪСġ
˶һξģʱʱ߶ȥѰ֮
һҪȥĵطȴЩѰ֮ˣһδ֪Σյĵطǧȥô˵棬Ҳûһģʵ˷ѽⵣǣЩ˷ţΪβ
İɡ
һۣԥתɽ籩֮϶ȥǰ·ǺδжգҲжһΣһҪɽ¶
ɽ磬ɽ֮϶ӹɽʵҪÿζɽ֮϶ֻҪ㹻Сܿɽ֮϶ɽ籩Ҳܳ
ϣ
˽ע֮£һ˿Ҳԥɽ籩֮϶һ̤Ӱ˲ʧ档
һɽ֮϶һĶƿһ㣬ǱߣҲ亹Ȼһؿǿµɽ֮϶
ʱһӰɽȴζڶɽ֮϶ţˡ

ɽ֮϶֪ǴĹߣ棬֮ǰʱ򣬿һƬ·һ֮󣬲ŷԭҲǷһ
ˣҲģ֮ǰҽʥҩʥλ˵ɽ֮϶ܳܳҪĻ£Ǻüꡣ
ˣɽ֮϶棬ʱɽ籩֣һЩɽ籩棬ûĿܡ
֮⣬пƬɽ֮϶λߣ֮һУСġ


1291 ǿ
ɽ֮϶棬쳣ų˼죬ҲûпκˣһģζЩˣҲδţɼɽ֮϶棬Ѱ
ǰûоͷΧһЩʯһЩ֪ʲôĹǺ
ǿµɽ籩ҲЩɽ籩ĳ˵ȷϵѺ۸Ҫ£Ż֮һɽȥʥǿߣҲ˲ҷԪ޷롣
еɽ籩̶ĳطеɽ籩½ϵķ籩һλòϲ仯һ֮￿ȥὫ籩Щ籩ٶʮֿ죬ҲǿʹҲδܹѡ
ɽ֮϶棬żļأԼһЩӹʱĴ˵ʮǺϣȷʵɽ籩
Щ籩ɽ֮϶ֲĴڣҪɽ֮϶£꣬һҲš
е˱ɽ֮϶棬زȥʱĵطҲȥɽ磬ճܲסɽ֮϶ʴֻԪƬ֮С
һЩĽ䣬һЩΣյĵطҪʮСģⱻĳЩǿ궢ϡ
ɽ֮϶ĵطᣬʲô֮£˵ɱΪᱦôɽ֮϶棬ɱ˺пΪ
˿̣С̽Ƭɽ֮϶棬֪ΪΣܸоɽ֮϶棬ֲģЩɽ籩
ϤġɽϢϷŵˡ
£ȻһĵɫһʱŷӦǹħ˵
ֻУȻһ˹ǺⲢǷߵĹǺ˵ɹǡ
ʹλѾأ𣬿һǧٵԽبųӣȴɲ
ϤȥħǶɽ֮϶ϤǾٺòˡ
ߣ
Ϲħȴ˫ָ󣬰ڳһӣСӣҪϷ򣬲Ӧÿһ𣿡
Ŷ
ȥ˵ţǰǶɽ֮϶Ϥ

ħ̧֣Ķ˵䣬ѣƬɽ磬ҲֻһƬˡ
˵˴عͷСӣڸ˵ˣҲδףڵ֪̫Сûмʱ˵СС˼֮ˣҲӲ

˴ָֻ˫֣ԶһпӣƣҴһ˲ħ𣬵ָ𡭡ϹŽɴۣΪ餣Ϊ赣ǳΪᣬΪ͡Ҳѻ֮У쳾
ħʱпǧ˵ţ֪ΪΣһ̾ҲͻȻһƣҴҶŵĲɣ֮У뵽ŵħӰָоǱǿҡ
ˣһССССӣϷ˵Щף
ħתҸӦõɽϢӺδ͸ߣĻ£ܽɽ硣
á
˵ͷ漴йħ·ܺùһɽ֮϶̽Ѱ̽ѰأҲ˵
ϷҪһ䡣
ֻħһָֻһֻĶ˵ɽ֮϶棬Σգ˵ûѹ㣬ЩĵطԼɽ籩ĵط򲻿ȥû
ǰļǡ
΢΢ͷڣЩ棬ħʲôˣƺ֮ǰ飬֪úܶ࣬ȴࡣ
һ·˹ħǰ·Ȼ˲٣֪Ѿȥһˡ
ÿһε̽գƺ̫˳һգһɽʱȴȻǰߣдϢƺ
ɽ֮϶Ѿһˣһδκˣվǰ򶷣Ȼ鲢Ѱ
ħȻȥ
ѾסԼ͹ħϵȫϢǲܴ⣬ħɹǵϢ̫ˣ˷

ħȻҲ֪̻صǬˣʱǰĴԽԽǿϢҲԽԽƺȴ߹ˡ
¡¡
⸽ɽ壬ҲǰߣֻƬƬ𣬾һɽ壬һӿ˲ҷ
ˡ
ȥû뵽˾ߴ˹ڷɳȥĻֻ»˷֣ɳȥĻֿԳɻˣ˿µ
Сӡߣ
ȻħѾȸܵΣϢһ˲䷴ӦħͻȻôˣǿе鷳ˡ
ϢԽԽ̳Ҳ˹Ѿܵõ̳֮УǹϢ֮ʱֻƴһһ˲佫ɲʩչ£Χ̳Ϊڣ˲Զȥˡ

壨jiͣ˴ΪѳƷ
ԡׯӡܡׯԻΪ餣Ϊ赣ǳΪᣬΪͣ񲻱а


1292 
˲ȥԶһɽͷϣͷȥֱֻ̳߷ӿĵղźգһ˷ˡ
ĿǰʵҲľˣοٳΪĳԪֻ࣬ɽ֮϶棬Σһ˸鷳ֻ»Щ
ûҪ֮ʱ¶Լʵɽ֮϶ͽ֮أֻħڣĵطһ֪֪ףһΣյ¡
Ǵںɽһν㣬ڽ𽥻ָһЩؼ֮ʱֿһΣ뻹ûɽ磬ͰѽȽ
䣡
д𵴣ˣһʱ⸽ɽҡ̴
Ϣһ̳Ѹ뿪һɲǣʶ쵽˸вǿ֮߿
ӣһʱ߲ˣСӣҪغã¶Ϣ˲
Ժ棬˹ħɫٴϢв߹ҲֻȲԺŻˡ
ڣ̳ɢȥˣֻϣһһӰһʬ塱
˿ȥ뷢׵ߣһʮ˵ãˣһɫУȥҲʮ
ֻ˴˿ġʬ塱Ӧ˵һߡ˸ΪУֻȥѾ𻵲٣ʧһۣȵĹҲ¶ˣЩ£УŪġ
ӣȿģҪ𣡡
ֻɫδ˵꣬˫һϽٿطն˹ȥ
ߣϮһɨ˲һһѻзײ棬ʱΧɽһ
ߣ
ֻһߣ˵Ϲ˵ȿģ˵ȿģΣҪĻ˾ͻ˭ҲҪ֮ٳһӣأ
ȻˣǾͱҲ֮ͬˣȻһزȥɽ磬Ҳ
˵գ֮Ȼǿ࣬һΧһʱ䣬ⷽԲʮգһ㡣
Ϲס֣
߼ϧԪ֮ʱɫһ䣺ȥǵٰɽ籩ɣʱ˵Ҷӳȥˣ
ǳ㽫øң̬˫ֲϱӡ˵ͬʱʩ
Ψ˲У
ߵ̬Ҳͬʮּһ˵꣬Ʈŵȥ߼״ָһһȥ顱һʮԶ
˴ʱ˭òӲĻ˵Ŀֲֻ׻Ȼ˶룬ò׵ȥ
ʱһɽͷϣϢ񣬿ǰ˹һĻǬȥħʲô

ħԺ˵ڰǰȥˣµ

һ䣬ƺѾʲôħ˵ɽ֮϶棬ʱˣὥܵʴջЩɽ籩Ϊ˻òԪߡûɽ֮϶ʴ£ǻø죬곹׻ҷǰҵһ˷ܻȥֱҵڣɽ֮϶
ԭˡ
֮ˣң뵱꣬ħڣӳʱջƮ˴ꡣ
ʲôҲûУʴأȻ޷ҵڣֻʹԪƮȥȻҲڵĻԪҲճɢ
СӣҸ˵ǧĪҪСһֱȥĻҲͬһ
ħٴδԺ΢΢һʱѾˣɽ֮϶ˣֻЩ˼ģ˼ģʵֻһٲֶѣģпԹɽ硣
ڹɽЩˣΪҪΣ֮أҲ̫ҲΪ챦ҲǱ׷ɱֻǡԱ˳û
֮ڿһжСĽӸղ˵ĻͬţΪһȴɴ֣ϧͬھ
֪ɽ֮϶ߣΪ˻ȥײˣԽˣЩ˾ԽǳΣա
˼䣬ԶѾˣ˷ģԼʮˣЩ˿ȥƺһʧ֮ˣڼһ˲᣿
ʲô
ϣ䱸ȷֵģȾָ
ɽ֮϶棬ûκεɽһƶʳһ㣬ȥ
ʮԭΪɲߣһһֹֻĳ棬滹δ
֪˼棬жΣգ֮ǰԤйȻɽ֮϶棬ΣյĲǿµɽ籩˵ǰЩѡɥĲ񡱵ߡ
Ǽˣضɱǿռǰָĸùɱµġ
ʱߺ֮£ǱͲƵʧһۣͷҲˣǾɹˣҲһͷˡ
֪ΪΣԺֳ︡һĻͻȻЩЦƬ̼䣬֪ĸɨǣһž˹ƻС
ȥǧġ
˵ʱʱ죬ӦʱһѳǽƻȥǶ㿪ض˷֡
ˣ
Ȼһ㱻ʮߵʶͬʱˣƺʧȥ֮Щ˵ʶҲøˡ
ڿҪֻЩˣ⵽ǿֲ籩ɽ֮϶ʮɥĲ֮׷ܣ붼ÿ¡
ܿ죬ѾܵЩ˵Ŀ⣬ƺѾϵ⣬ס
һ
ʮĿϣˮˣʱЩ鷳ˣЩ˲ɥĲ񣬶Ϊǿ£ɲȻҲֱۣϲӡ
֮ǰǾ߲ڸոҹʱɽͷһ촷ۡ
߾أСӣղŪǾ⣡
Ȼһ߳ȴһڣղŷԼǳʬ߹ʲô£
Сӣܣ
ͣʮˣһֳ˹ǰڰѷ١ֻ񡢵۹½ЩóЩ˶ȥ࿴һˣǵĲ塣

һɲȻ䣬һŭȻ𣬵ʱЩ˻һͣ
ɿµϹǿϢ£ʮߣĿ¶֮ɫǲٶһˡ
ħ
һеĹħ


1293 ɽ籩
˶ɿµϹǿϢţ˭ҲҶһ£ʱǸŭٶ𣺡СӵѱϷã˭һԣ
һ߳ȣŵʮ˲һˣһ£׹ˣڷϣҲħϢţڿħգ編Ƶʱڷķ
ȻħʵδħͷųϢȷʵʮֻˡ
ڷ죬ҪǺڷƵͶ·Ҳգȥǹŵҵ⡰װŪĹħ
ʱùħȺˣԱóٻǵ۹½ֻǽõöࡣ
ǰǰ
ʮߣȻħʱͷųϹǿϢסˣʹҲѷֱóʵοЩ˱ɽ֮϶Ѿãľأ
Դ˿̣û˸ǰ̽ţʼߣ֮УҲͬ¶˿־֮ɫ
ҪƵĻħ»治κˣ˵Щյµߣǹɽˣ˵ᱻס
ʱֻϷӽ֮϶ǣ⸽Ƿɽ籩
һ򡱶֣ʮ˵ʱһ̲סԭǴӽǰֲ˿¡һʱ֮䣬ֻеޱȵĻ̿֡
ʱһŹȣձվ˳ΡΡ˵ǰĻڼ֮⣬ȷʵһķ籩ǽ֮ǰ˶ΣҲ޷ȥװǰа취ɢķ籩
ģһʼη度£𽥱һڴʱ˿ڴ·˴뿪Ψһϣһ
ȴϹħһȣʹ˹ϻѵ֪ɽ籩ж𣿱ǱϷٸ߳ˣɢɽ籩𣡡
Ŵԣ˺ܿ˹ϣһͷɥûܹ뿪ѵֻܵŻɢԼΪҪµĵط
˶ʼ˼յѾõԼҲˣһӡ
Χ·һĳţãħˣҸմӽǱ߹ڲ̫ߵǴҹȥɽ籩ڵĵط
һ˵ʮ˷׷̧ͷ֮Уǿ˶ϣɸȴǣһĿ־壬ɽ籩жֲ
ǰǣ
ô𣿡
ħɱ䣬壬ʮ˲һǰձ߲ΡΡ˵ǣǰǸһħսΣա
ߣʱǸϷǣ·
ħһߣǿϢѹ£Υ棬Ҳٶ˵ֻǰ·
ɲⱩ¶ֻйħȥҪʲô
ħСӣЩˣ˵Ҳסˡ
ʲô
һʱǰʮʧȥɽߣһ̣Ҳʲô
̤ɽ֮϶൱ڻᱻ͵κδڵĵطп԰ȫĵطҲпǼΣյĵط
ڸζЩˣԹƵľ룬ҲѾɹȥɽˣҲпܱӲãĳһѾա
ڿֻһһˣȥɽ籩ضгȥİ취
֮֮ǰ˵ĵطЩ죬ȻһЩСɽ籩
ֻһЩСɽ籩׾ЩС籩ʱ̶ƶλãһסӵû˸ҵģѾٱ籩棬
ǰķ籩ѾԽԽˣ˲ټǰһɽͷϣĿԶֻǰգ籩֡
籩ȥһ籩ǽǰ·׷ˡ
ͼ洩ʥ棬ۼΪ붼𣬳̤̫ʥ֮ʩֵͨܵһ
ǰ㿴Σ
òСʵ
һſ˵ȻǹħϷٹ۲Щ˺󡣡
ǣǰ
ʮȥʵǵΪͣɽؽƲû˼ôأЩһЩͨ˼˵Ŀǰԣʮǿߡ
Ƭ֮ħȥʲô𣿡
Ѹ㰡
ħ̾˵ҹǰķ籩ǵϣ⻹ֻģʱ޷ӣķ籩ԣûΪȥ˲ͻ𡭡
˵˴ͣһֽŵ֮ǰʶߵʵɣȷȥǷ籩棬νǿߣЩʯͷûʲôֱ𡭡
һ˵Ҳеһ˿ǿߣ籩ǰҲѡ
㡭Ҳûа취˼һٴʵ

ħ̾˵Ϸ궦ʢʱڣ籩֮֮ȥһƱܡ
ˣ֪ˡ
˵ȥǰķ籩ѵһ취Ҳû
ǲܴȥǱҪѰҳȥİ취¿ôˣƺôǶûҵȥİ취
ôȥĻʹϴĻúֵܹһɽ֮϶ʴվǳ֮ơ
ΪҪǣɽ磬ĿΪҵɽ¶֮ؾδ롣
ôȥȸʮ굹Ҳˣǵȥ˼䣬ȴѾȥǧ꣬Ѳ׺ɣѾˣ޵ҲѾˣյĹˣѳΪǻƻµڣпݹǣһСֻʲô壿
ʱħȻȺ߿ˣ֮ǰ˵⸽һϹħս


1294 ħ
ħһ˵һںЩߣһʶˡ
תȥħʵУûС
Ŵԣһڣ֮ǰվ˳˵ڴǧ⣬ǴսڣǹսģҲ֪Ǻʱɽ֮϶ģʹˣҲħ֣֮֮ǰǷ֣һħ֮κΣҲȥҡ
ħ֮һ֮ǰħ
ħڼʵʲô˵
ħʮЩ£վԵֿڵǰǹսΣҲʮ֮㣬ҶѾ
Ѿ
ħԾʮʱŹȵձ˵һǳԿʱܵһʶ棬֮Ҳҿˡ
Ŷ
ħһȥһСӣûУҪ취ҵǾħ֮겻ħ֮ضֵܹסɽ籩

Ҳд⣬ֻղ˵սƺĳʮǿĴڣ
ЩΪܹͣǶηģǸڣĺǿֻǣҲͬħֻǵסȺ˶ѡ
ʱħܵеĵǣ޷ȹȥʲôɴڡϷҲӦù

һ̣ȴЩ֣֮ǰȺ˵ʱ򣬻ǴԼƽ޺ʮֽţԼ뿪ڣôԼȥΣյĵطˣ
¿ƺҲֻˣҵǾħ֮뿪ҲЩһϰȥ
˼ˣԶȺ߿ȥħ俪ڵڴ·ȥǹս
⡭
һҪȥǹս߾һ£ǱħϢţȻΥ棬ֻӲͷƤսǱȥˡ
ڶգ˱ǹսֻǰذɭȻӿݽߣȺɽȻѾȥ꣬⸽ȴ͸һȻɱ
㡭ǰˡ
һ龰һµʶǻɣʮߣʱЩϲټǰˡ
֮֮
ħȥһ˴ȷʵЩ죬Ҳ޷ǹȥһ֪
ǰǰҪ𣿡
ʮЩҲЩ֪ʲôĴڣŰŵˣֻʧȥ֮øӵӰɡ
ЩӦǲҽȥˣħ˵ˣǲؽ롣
һԣʮ˽һ㣬ǰλǰҪһǿ֮ء
Ҳԥǰļɽ忴һۣ˫һ㣬չ˽ȥ
ʹѾȥǧ꣬սħ֮޾Щħ֮Ҳûʲôõĵġ
ȥʱ䣬սʬǳƬЩʬǣȴʲôħ֮һЩģӶУֻѰ̰֮£ڴˡ
صʬǣһЩطħ֮꣬Щħ֮꣬ѷǣֻƬĻԪѣûκʶЩħ֮꣬ǹħϲġ
ֲҪˡ
ĴƮħ֮꣬ħһԣЩħ֮ȫˣ˵СӶʲôϷɣòҵɹǣȻҪħ֮άֻˣסˡ
ȥֻǽգδȺ˵ĿֲڣҲûҵǲħ֮ġ
Ƭսȷʵ򼫹㣬Ҫôȥ֪ҵ£취С
˼֮ʣ֮УȻһʶʶǳħȾСӡģ
Ҳһ˲䷴Ӧ˹ʱ۹½һһʶֵ档
ֻ۹½Ͻɷ֮ѽҲƷ࣬ǽǵѪۣѪԱʱǿࡣ
һɽ֮϶󣬵۹½ǿô࡭
ʲôˣҾűߣ£𣡡
գ̾رȺ˵Ŀֲˣʱȴңǽ۹³һָʲôˣҵ֮·

֮ʱУһʶһµʶشһʥߵ꣬޹Ⱥǰ㺦¡
Сӡģ
ħ䣬ȴָһüһ㣬һư֮ɷɷɷһ½ʶɢˡ

еԲһ£Ҳסһ㣬ָֻܿ䣺Ǻˡ
ָ£ղͷŵģһħ֮ʶǵڻȪ棬ǲյСڤǸħġ
һħ֮ʶܹסһЩħ֮꣬ʱǸδ֪ڣ벻ʲôħ˴˴ħ֮һƾǣڴǧ꣬һЩУʶܹסȺߡ
뵽˴޾ǰֲڡˣʵ㣬⸽һħ֮
ԭһġ
еȻżֱ䣬˿̣ƺҲǰܹͷħ֮ʶˣЩɵ׶֣˵Ӵ˴ǰ˰ܿһɫɽ壬ɽϵǽɣħ֮ɽС
Ŵԣ˼Ƭ̣ħȥ㿴˵Ǽ٣

ħҲ˼һǰȷʵйɽϢƾǣӦû˵ѣǾħ֮Ӧɽˡ
ã²˳٣̶
ƾǣʱԷȴִҪһ䣬㿴صʬûħ֮ߣ䣬ûκһܹ뿪Ƭ򡭡
ô
һ˵ȴǲˣ۹½ʲô䣬Ǳȵ۹µµģ
һգ͹ħƾ˵ġɽɽȷʵһɳɷڱȾ˺ɫȥȹֿ¡
ˡħͣ˵

ȻҲܹܵɽĽϢЩƣںܾǰµģѾɶˡ
˺һЩ
˵գֽ۹¼һնȥ۹֮Ʋɵ䡱һ㽫һˡ
ɽʯͷϹħСӣ㵱һЩҪɽϵĽơ

ɫһٷڶԼһʱ󣬱㽫ɽ帽ĽƣȫƳˡ
˿ԷĴɽˣֻɽϵĽƣȴɽµĽƲͬ޷ǿƣֻСߡ
Ƭ̺ɽϣȻɽϵĽ࣬ԽߣɽԽأԲע⣬ûҷ³
Ǻڴ˲صĽƣȥô꣬Ȼ˿¡
ʮ֮ɽһʮִĹŵ˽ŵ󣬹ȻǾħ֮
⡭
ǰħ֮ʱ㱻סˣѹ£ǿ֮Ȼ
ֻħŵ˫ĿգüһѪ콣ӡǺһ׷ѩȥӢ
ħʮֻѾɼˣҲĸ֮
һɲǣУȻĪֳʮ֣ɨ˻ģ޵У֮ڣĪ棡
˭Ϊλڴˡ
һ̣ȻһԵĸоԺ棬һĻһĻ˼ңǰħΪξϤ·ǰѾʶ


1295 
˭˭
Ժ棬ϸֳһ̣Ϊξ˵Ϥ
һǹŵ֮ȥԽħ֮֮䣬ȴԽǸ֮һ
Сӡ
ʱĹħȻһ棬Ȼѹʱע⵽¾һƬƣһǲȥĻȶûˡ
ϲһ亹˻ȥĿ⣬ȴڵǸħϡ
ħ֪˭𣿡
һħüϵѪ콣ӡʱʹƽȷǰħһ֮ˡ
֮ǰЩħˣȻʹɽصĽƣҲ޷ݻħ֮κˣ޷ݻħ
ꡭ갡
ԭƽһ̣֪ΪΣֿʼ˿ÿÿһ뵽ꡱ֣Ҳƽ
֮ǰ˭ЩȥصħΪʼǻߡ
¡
ŵ쳣İħŵǾħ֮ĸֵ˳
¡
һɲǣһΪĸ֣Լĸоǰǰǰͬʱ

һ̣ħҲƱ˵֮ǰ۵ʱǽħµʱ˵ʱϵ£Ƕԣ֮䣬ȴһ
ʲô
Ŵԣһ㶣Ϊ֮䣬һղʱ򣬵ħ֮ʱзһ֡һԵĸоֿһ㣡
ܣ
һ̣֪ΪΣȻЩ֮£ӦӢϧӢۣǶˣɱ
Ƕˣõ֪Ϊɱ
ܡ޿ܣ϶ڴɱӴûκв
Ҳ֪ΪʲôһԺﾹðôֵֹ뷨
Աߣħǿˣ˵Сӣȱ𼤶Ϲħ£ټѱ棬Ҹղ˵ҲֻǴŶѡ˵㼤ʲô
ҡ
侲ղΪԼô
ãȫƽŵĿĶ£һ̣ȴȻơ
һɱ֮⣬Ȼ˵Ȼ޵УҲȥ𡭡ħӹˡ
һ־Ϊʲôݣ־ΪʲôΪ
ħ̾ѳãοƫƫִִܿܿţѡ
˴ֻعͷ֮δصѾȥħ֮ڴ˴ֻǱ˭ӡڴ˴Ѿɣ飬Ŀǰ֪
ô
Ҳعûȴ֮ط꣬ļ䣬ɻᵴյ
ħΣȽŵĽƳ˴֮ãҪ֮ƳԷһûжµħ֮޷ɽ籩
á
Ҳԥˣ²ΣҪµħ֮ļȥ
ŵĽƣȻѾȥ꣬ʮǿµʱ䣬ڰƸƳ
ʱŵѾû˽ƣһ紵˶ϵĻҳҲһͷѩĳ
Ѫ콣ӡüģȻ˫ۣһ˻ģµ֮ţɲԼ֣
һȥһ̣˵еĸо߽ʱȻһʹǸĵŮۣ֮ꡭ
Сӣôˣ㱣ħʵ
ûûʲôعǸͻȻʧˡ
ħҲǰŶ£˵Ҽǵãһѽǿݡֻ񣬲֪˺δ
ǿݡ
һɲǣȴ˵۹£۹½Ǵǽڣ棬յĵصԨҵģ۹½꣬ǿء
¡¡
ʱŵȻ쳣ħɫһʱ˵Сӣ죡ƳҪˣ
ã
ҲԥҪ취µħ֮ȥõİ취һ漴µħ֮棬ƶµħ֮
һ֮䣬ΣΪҪһµħ֮ʲô¡
ֻ˫ֲϽӡ˻һưâһ´˶üĵĽӡ
¡¡
ŵ𵴵øˣطѾʼ̮һɲǣȻ˫ۣѪƾˣ
ȻⲢǶˣѾħȥԼһ
ħ
һ죬һâֳȥһ±㽫ħУһ˲䣬ŵȥ
¡
һ죬ŵ֮һɽ׻ҷ
һɿֲ֮ӿǴǰҪֵɽ֮ʮѣɴʱһ䣬˶µһ㣬䡱һ㽫ӿĽ֮ɢˡ


1296 ǿ֮
̶Ƭ֮䣬ɽ㻯쳾̣ȥʱЩ𺳡
ղǹֻǶһСֶѣ󲿷ħµ
Сӣħ֮ǿȵ˹ɽвֻ»鷳
ʱħִԺ˼Ƭ̣Ȼˣħ֮ǰһϳôֻʮֲ
ǰǺεǿߡܹ³ϹϵģǷ֮
ôСӣסˣŸеͿʼƮȻˣĬȻħֿڵ
ʱع̧ƿ˿ղһ˲䣬ȷʵЩƮȻΪǹ̫ǿˡ
һ˲䣬һ֡칫Աȸߡİľʲôǿߣʲôʥˡᱲ֮£Ϊϣ
֪ħǶµģԼֻǡܹöѣʹǿⶼԼûʲôֵýġ
һ̣ľȴѾ֪˱仯ȻĿǰΪδǵǿ֮ǵ뵽ħһɲǣ·վھ˵ļϣΡΡȺ壬ڽ¡ǿߵ⾳Ҫģ
Ȼ֮䣬˸һ⾳򣬲⾳֮ǰѾ㡰澳ڸղһɲǣǿ̽˵⾳㾳磬ǡҾ硱
һ̣ٲԥϥȥò׿̽һ⾳ݼţʱպҪ򣬿±ǲˡ
ħȻȥҲضǿ⾳ˣʱ㲻ȥţֻ⾳
ʱ˿̣ǽһ֮ǿߣÿһλǿߵľܹĸӦõ
⾳ʵʵΪһ㣬ȴʮҪҲûеġ
һ㣬ܵЩǿߵľôӴԺ󣬾ͼκܹ嵽
֮ʱ򣬾ϴʴ֮˵ΪһɽʱʵҲѹ
񣬵˵㡰Ҿ֮󣬸ܵǿ⾳ô˵ߣžǴ˵֮еʮ̫ʥҲδܹ嵽
ǻһѰߣʮ̫ʥֻһǿߣϢ֮£ҲҶһ¡
ʱһһȥʱ۾ܴʱȻŶµħħȴܵóϢѾòͬˡ
ʱ˿̣һľǿһǶһ޶ǿ⾳ܹסһߡ
ħ
վһ̣Լܸ֪ԼϢ仯˵Ҿǿ⾳
һɲǣǺȻʲôһΪιħܹͷųϢǿϢܹסôʥߣѵǰǡ

ħ촫֮УڸоΣ
ǿ⾳Ȼ
ʱ˿̣̤ǿ֮һ㣬Ҳţʱħ˵ʲôǻص꣬һƱ˭˭˭֮Ļ֮ǰһֱǹħڴ꣬ںȻãҲˡ
ˣ˵ôˣһ֪ʲô֡
ħƺǵڷ죬ģڿӦһ¶Էγƺ
ߡ
ϹħȴֻһߣԵ˿ӣôԼˣϲʲôʲôɡ
˴ͣһ£ֵˣСӣսһ£ȳȥΡ

˵ͷȻǴҪĿģص֮ǰǸطʱִǾǵʶ㡭
ȻǾҲ벻ܹƿɽħ֮˳֮ܽء
Ҽ֮ˡ
Уһʶϴ첻ͬˣԼԼһɷеζ
Ҳδֱͣȥ棬ħ֮޾ħϢˣͬɽ֮϶ʴҲȫӣûκʴܹƻһħ
ˣ
ս棬ʮߵһҲδ뿪ʱħ̤նʱһ
һ̣ǲֹŲǿϢ£һָ׳ƳĤݵĳ嶯
ǰǰ
ʮֹ߲ʱһħ֮ƣ˸ǵѣҲܲסǿϢ׷׹ȥǰ뿪
ʱʮ˸׹ǰһɲǣһݺ£˻ϵĸо
ʮΪѾʥɽߣʱȴȫ£ֻᵱһɽСĸоʵݣ֪Щ˲ģֻǶµħѡ
գԺ󡣡
¹ŵЩ˵ʱһ
ȻѾǹħǲϵͳˣǶѾħЩˣܹס
ڶգ˻صɽ籩ѾħɺʮߣЩ
ǸϡһһħʮߣС
ɽ籩ǰŶµħȴɸܵõɽ籩Ŀ££ȴپˡ
ֻһ̧һħ֮ӿȥ䡱һǿнһɽ籩߷ֿˡ
⡭
ⲻ˼һĻߵʮߣ޲ǺȻһǺε˺ɽ籩
ߣ
ԥһ´ʮˣɽ籩洩ȥһоһƽߣĵ
µħ̫֮ǿǴ˼Ļǿħ֮ʻ췣ⲻ˼
¡¡
ǰߵɽ籩ѾԽԽˣҰһµķ籩硣
ȿֲķ籩磬֮ϣ˲ҷ𣬴֮ϣͬ˲ɢ
˺ߵʮ߶ޱȣȴ籩ң˲˶µħһ˿һ
ֻħ֮Ѿˣң뵱꣬Ķ£жǿη塭
ʱ˿̣ȣΨһܹ뵽ģֻǴ˵֮еķ֮Ψ̤뷽֮طޣܳǿߣʥҲֻǣĿǰ˼ǿߡ
֮ڴƬɽ籩ǰȻһƬļţѾɽĵطԶˡ
ڳˡ
ߵʮߣʱ˷ܲѣϰ꣬Ҳˣû뵽лųһ졣
࡭лǰ
ּس׹ȥƽʱ飬ǿ˿˵ȻѾˣڱ뿪ˡ
ллǰ
Ǽ֣ٴγ˰ݣŷ׷Զȥ̼ʧӰ


1297 ɱ
Ȼ˷籩ЩˣҿҲδܹ뿪
ʮԶȥħΪε̾һɲǣҲƸܵʲôԶȥֻǱɷ죬ƺЩԾ
ôСӣҲܵˣħʵ

һ˵ȷˣɽ籩ǰ滹һЩ谭ڣҲûʲôþµġ
߰ɡ
ŶħǰȥɿֲħϢŸһУûκҿ
ڶʱܹԲǰˣԼԼѾܵһɼصɱΪǿҵһɱ
ɱ򡣡
ʱħ֮С
ɱ򣿡
һ֣Щ֣ħƺɽ֮϶ȷʵͦϤˣѵǰ
ɱѾŵѪˡСӣҪˡ
ħԽԽأҲ𽥾ɽ֮϶ĽΣյĵطǰɱ򣬴ֻһҲȷ
Сӣס˵Ļ˱ɱ
ʲô
һ˵һ㶣ΪʲôҪ˱ɱ
ħɱʮֲֿĵط˽͵ΪҪɱˣ֮ˣ඼Ǽ˱ɱֻвɱˣָܻԼʶղп뿪ˡСӣĻֻɱˡ
˹֮ء
ʵ﾿ɽ绹ħ磬˹ֲĵطҪɱˣߵóȥ
Сӣúܲ𣿲㣬Ϸģпһ򱶵ĶУΪ֮·ʲô²ΪףҸ㣬֮·Ѫ̳ġ
֪ˡ
ٶԣɱķȥһɲǣĿʮҪȥɽѰɽ¶ûκ˿˭ɱ񣬷ɱ
һգѾɱ棬Щϵɱ࣬ʱһ󣬲֪еɱ֮ͻȻøˡ
δʧȥ־Ȼʮ֪ԼҪʲôֻ뿪ѣǶҪɱˣ˸ǾĪˡ
ɱɱ
ɱɱɱ
˼֮ʣǰȻһɱԽԽøɽ嶼
Сӡģڹħհѻ˵֮ʱӭһѪɫâѳնɱ
ֻǷ֮ˣ˫Ѫ죬ȻԾʧһͣһ̧ħ֮ӿ䡱һһǷ֮ˣҲ˲䱻ΪһƬѪ
棬һĻضסˣ²֪ιʣЩԾʧѪ죬ȫɱ¾һֳ
СӡҪԥɱǣⱻϵѪȾ
ʱע⵽ԭЩϣһ˿˿΢ɼѪ¹˲ô̧࣬ʲôڵʽƾһħ֮£¡һɽѣ߰˸»ΪһƬѪ
뿪죡
ʱ˺ӹħ֮ԣԥչǰ߷ȥ
Ȼһħ֮ϣȴ̫עĿܿ죬˱˹Щ˶ѾԾʧһǼɱй
Ҳ֪ΪΣϵɱԽԽأЩҲͬÿһ£ضɽѣʲôˣܲסµħ֮ܿ죬һ·Ѫ
Сӣٿһ㣬뿪
ħѾоõҲɥʧһúЩһŶµħ֮»ɱ˶ɱ⣬ȻĳΪɱ˲գ۵ħͷˡ
˿̣ѾŬʹԼѣΧԽԽˣȴķңɱҲԽԽأһ£Χɽʱķѣ촷ۣʮߣһ֮»Ѫ
ɱɱɱ
Χɱ˴һ֮Уһ㼫صѪ
תķǿʹԼѹ˫һ̤֮ٿȻǰȥ
ֱڶʱڿҪƬɱˣʶҲ𽥻ָѣɾʱȴǰд
ֻǰâʱʱŮӵĵͺǡζ
һ˲ǰһƣǰߣζ̤ԭһѩʱȴմѪۣʮʧΧסˣԭҲƬɱˡ
ֻζ̨󣬽ЩϵĹѪֵ棬һѳĽȻԼʮΪ͵ΧҲлء
ϧǣһľɣ⸽֪жʧԵߡ
˼ˣҲԥ̤գħ֮˹ȥ
һħȻζע⣬ζ뵽ֻһϹħԼһ侲ʱҲɫ
𣡡
һֵһһɰħ֮ӿһ±㽫ΧסζЩ˳ȥʮߣ˵ˣЩһֱӻһƬѪ
һĻζǶȻһǺεֶΣǰĲħ


1298 粨
ʱֻǿζһۣ㽫һԶȥˡ
ζԭأħԶȥӰʱ˿̣ôҲ벻ˣȻΪŲħ
ҲûбʲôԭֻǸպÿڴˣ˳ְˡ
Լһһɽ帽ħȻһ棺Сӵģǰصɱ
ħ˽ŵģô;Ѱ֮ʱƾŶµħҲη壬һɽϣȻǰһĻȴɵһ
ֻɽҰȫʬ壬֮Щʬ״һ˫ĿԲ֮ϻؿ棬Ѫָӡ
һЩͷѪȻǱָ飬Ԫһ˲ˡ
ȷʵЩɱֶΡ
ħһ԰ɿǰһĻҲмֱɫһ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ʲô
ʱ˿̣Ѿ֪ɽҰʬ壬Ǳɱˣζʱеֲ˵ħǵûȥһˡ
ȥʲôħɻ󣬺ò״ֻȥ
ˣ죡˵꣬һʱķȥ
ʶѰ£ܿҵζζħֳ˻һʱǺˣ
ûлشĻӣ˵㲻ع˭㣬СһЩ⸽ñ߷ߡ

ζɫһ漴뵽ʲô̧ͷħʱĽ䱸֮ɫ࣬˵лѣδ̣¡
˵꣬㽫һ̧漴Զ̤ȥˣζԶȥķ򣬴˿Щ׹ħ˭ô֪ˣôֻԼ

һ֮뿪ɱˣǰɽϢԽԽʱħ֮УɽѾ쵽ˣħ֮

ֻü֮Уһưâɳ̼仯ӰҲ֮ϵȥһ죬סĵ֣Щʱս㻯һãѰǣؽ黹
ˣֻһһ½µħ֮ǬС
ħǰ߲ԶžǹɽˣҲҪױ¶Ϣˡ
֪ڹɽضʮˣ˲ħϢԼʬħϢֻǶµħ֮Ȼ޾鷳
ɲһɽ磬ǻ
Ϸ֪ǽһ·СӣֻܿԼˣɽмˣԶпܱǲϢ

΢΢һôо仰˵ڹɽųƵģ£Ҳܲôˣþɽ磬;ʡ
һνɽ磬˵ȫȻ޲ҲǲܵģοһΣȥɽʲôҩܹδҩҲɽ¶
֮ڴһɽ֮϶ǰľһ»ȻʣЩۡ
ɽ磿
ֻǰ죬ޱ޾ĴһȴҪιȥ
Ƭ֮±ϣʱſ±ϣббһʯ׭д֣쳾ɡ
쳾ɡĪҪ쳾ɽ磿
˼룬Ҳ벻ƺķֱȥȻǲеģɽ磬뷲֮䡣
ǰһɣȥǷȥ֪ǻΣȻʱһ·˷־ʵޱȣǰߡȴ䡣
ǾǰǻףȻǣҺ쳾һָ̤
Ϊѣ֮ʱԶ֮Ȼʤ
̧ͷŸҥķȥֻǺƺ֮ϣһЦݵİüɣ
ˣ
һ˲䣬㼴뵽ˣǲһ쳾֮ˣС֮ʱڵλɷҹɺӣ
ЦСӼԵ֮ˣϴɡ
л
˹֣漴ϣ⴬ʻƺ֮ϣ죬ΪǣȻƺ棬һĺˮ羵֮ӰڷĵεΡ

壬Լ첹ѣ˫ޣֶ˼ư׷
ǺǣСӣԺ쳾жȴԺ쳾߳һ߻һЦ
ۣһ쳾쳾һҲ߳ɺ쳾ˡ
Сӣˡ
Ȼɵղűôһ򣬼һɲǣǷ˹һô
ʱѿ˫һ㣬ɵϣֻǶɹȻƽϪо죬а񻶳зȺ¹ãּص߶
Դ飬Ҳˣյɽ
л
תȥȻͷȥʱ̲ƺϣȴѲɵĴӰˣֻ֮Զȥ
ĪִҶηХСâЬʤ˭£һƽ
ʹ紵ѣ΢䣬ɽͷбȴӭɪȥҲ޷Ҳ硣
粨ĪִҶ


ľ 


1299 ɽ
ѰǧٶȡȻףȴڣƻɺ񰸡ԪϦ

ǰһһɹȣʱƣĺʱϼ־Ⱦ˲ÿÿܿɫ¹ϪˮԾḧǵ¹ǡ
ɾ˼ʵѰһʱ֮䣬Щ뵽δ룬ܴɽ磬⳿轻׷գҲͶ˰ɡ
ȥʱ䣬ɽ磬֮ǰĸҪö࣬ʱ䣬û߳Ƭɽ
ɽ澰棬ɽϢƣδκһ̷ɹ裬̼ǵ֮ǰҩʥҽʥλ˵ƺһ̫ˣڶǰѾɽˡ
λ̫ˣ֪˼ȥɱ֪Σ
Ѿסսɱǰħ˵Ǿ仰Ϊ֮·ʲô²ΪףҸ㣬֮·Ѫ̳ġ
ǰʱǼǵĻ֮ˣ²Ϊס仰ȻûдҲˣ·һѪ·ħ˵øûд
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ȻֻˮһӣⱾò׵о˹ȥ


1300 ҳ
ˮڶоһʱûȥô࣬Ͻ˿һȻһ˲䣬ȴؼ棬ö룡
Ȼթ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬֪æǾֵöʱˮӣȴɱУʮ
⡭
Ӹɫ䣬Ȼʱȴֵ͡һ죬һ´ţʱһ˳ȥеķЩס
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һ죬ˮһֻ棬ͬδܶ㿪һƣ˵ʱһˣһѪӿȻʱȴץ鲻š
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ӱ㣬ˣһѪһȴ޷
ӣҪ飿ûȥ
Ȼˮһߣ϶Ȼ⣬һͬ˾תȫۣһɲǣ˵Ĺ˲࣬ȻԶܸܵõʱϿµ

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ȻˮӲûгû͵ϮǰǰһƣղֺĹ޴ﻹ͵Ϯ
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ڶգѾ֪Ȼһ·ҲȫֻͬʱոյõоҿŰ˾ֻʮĿǰãֻռ
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ֲþɽˣȥ棬ŶٲΪ֪ܡ
֮ʱǺȻһֲɱʵƲҲŷӿܵõµ׷ˡ
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Сӣٽ黹֮ڣϷؽɢ
ʱǺڴӵ֪ʲôܾ׼׷ٵķλ


1301 Ѫɫƻ
洫ٶʩչøˣļ˵ɽ׷磬һ֮ӵٴδСӣΪ飬ܹ뿪Ϸٲͣ£ؽɢһ
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һ̣ɲʩչøˣɽ㣬ƺҲоԪࡣ

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1302 ɽ
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Сӵģҿмֱ֮˲µĽƣǿҷ𡣡
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ҹĻɽҹգʰ쵣Ǻ貣ʱԨ·Ҳ⴫ɷǺÿ

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ͻȻʵȻʣħһʲôʱֲõԤУСӡҪɽ磬췭ظˡ


1303 ֮
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Ԩ´⣬˵һ۵ɽ¶Ȳδ룬ֻɽ۵ɽ¶ܾȻ
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СӻǲҪˣ֪ĺ𣿡ħٴ˵أڿЦ
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׵ԨȣȻ֪Щɽֲɽ磬άֹɽȶ
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̶Ƭ̼䣬⸽նʮױƻˣʣӿ⸽ǧܵ˼صӰ졣
ĵطһЩţײ£ɽŶˣŷȹֻ̣ɶһ˲ûˡ
̳⸽һɽƻˣϷӿΧ춯ص
ħǰһ̻֣ޱȣһ̣Ψ²һЦ񡭡С̫ˣϷϲ


1304 ɽ綯
ܵԽԽǿʱŶµħֵҲ˾˫һţԨϷȥ
ʱ棬вɽ߸ǰһĻʱ޲¶֮ɫƴͷһ㡣
ˡˡˣˣô졭
ɫɷףȫͣز˵״ΣӣѸɽߣͬʯһĿɿڴؿǰһĻ
ʱԨ棬ٿȻһӰħ֮ƣԵֵ˴񱩵ӿǱˣȻˣ˷Ӧʧڸ˵ǰ
ǸˣոչȥǸˡƻ
㷴Ӧ˹ͣؾ߸ͬ˻һղ˭ղǴԨġ
ɫǷǳʱжֲǶˣȥҲɣɸղˣǴģһգ۾Ͳˡ
ǡǸղſ˵û
ߵĵʵڵһȻղֻһţ͸һʮֿµϢ￴Էʲôˣ
ϣô죿ղƻˣô졭
ǲѣ٣жأǱ˭Ǹصģȴƻˣһɾŭǿô졭
ô죬ô졭
亹乣ǿһŸղȥķ˵ղ˵ΪҲˣǿгƷӡƻܰȻ£뾡֪ɾ
һҲŸղȥķЩ૵ΪҪƻ޵ѵء΢Ůģ
΢Ůۡ
ĸ֣ɽ߶һ£ɫɷףʱ˿̣Ժ棬ֳλ޾£˪ֶܼŮۡ

תһ¹ȥˣǧɽ綼δһʮƻˡ
ÿ죬һ⵽ƻһƻʮֳף޸ɽɻңȻˣȴһ취ҲûС
û˿ǺƻÿһθϹȥˣҲֻӰһţ಻һͷѩ׷ĺںħơ
һʼ²δ̫ע⣬ģɽˣʺܹڶ̶һڣƻɽʮҿȥÿζͬһΪ
вɽȻһҲûУͽÿʱԴ֮ƣһ֮˸ֵסδԷӣ㱻ǸϢ˹ȥ
˿̣һƹƣһŨȷʵɹζһĹֻһ꣬꣬˫޼ף˵ȴΪߣȺȻ
ü֮ϣһɫӡӡ֮ӡǿ̻ȥģˣѾ޳ɣ˵ǧĵС
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Դ˿̣ɫÿ·ŵļߣҲͷĬ಻ҳ
ãżɾڵҲ˵𣿡
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ܡ
ɾ˵΢ŮоͣҲܻƻɽҲûкô
Ƭ̺·һ߿ڵ˵һͷ׷ÿγ֣϶һɼǿϢ֣˸ûܿ壬ͱιȥˣʮ᲻ᣬ˼Щģ
Ŵһһ±øǰˣһ˵᲻ᡭǵ˷˼ɽ磬Բƻɽ͸ɽ˵ɽķ˵Умȷʵʮ
ߣ
ɾһߣ˵ߣʶô±ûǸӣɽƻ
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ħԨ
ᵽħԨ֣һ˲䣬ϵļߣͨͨɫ


1305 
ħԨˣɽ磬ˣοڣ
ɾ䣬ֱųħԨԣ±߼߶㯣΢ŮˣҲ˼ߣħԨħǵ׻ʲôˣ
ֻôȥվǻᾪоˡһ߻ڣ˵ʱ̲ס̾ɫ
ôȥ
һɲǣɾü˵ȥ׽ôˣ㲻ϧһдۡҲҪѴ˸ס
ۼɾʱϼ߶еһ˴˶һۣһأɾҪˡ
һһֿʵɾ㿴º磬Ҫչ𣿡
һ£ɾĿһ䣬еļƻȫ˸ˣʱŵɱ⣬𽥱øŨˡ

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˵ʮǰһΪ֮ɣһ˲ǿ񱩵֮»ҷˡ
Ѿ޵λɾˣôȥȻᾪ֮о
ڲ²⣬¼ǾǺҲϾǧδֹ֮𺳵顣
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ǱˣζһǰҲɹɽˣȻ˵һµĴ顣
˵һͷ׷ÿγ֣϶һɿµħ֮ǿа˸ιȥʼ˿Īǡ
һɲǣ뵽ʲôɽ֮϶ɱ棬Ǹȫħ֮Ƶİ׷ˣΪҪԼһרŻԼСˡ
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ڵʱ֣ǲɳԽ񻰣˭ãᷢô顣
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֪УĸоƺѾԽԽˣԼҲ˵
һ㣬ǳ֪뵱йغٳжԷκ֮飬ǸԼԡѪɱΧҲԸǶԷ

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СӣҪȥ
һɽʱͣʱƻʮɽɽѾԽж֮ǰӽСġ
ʱҲѾɽһ˽⣬֪˿ޣҲ֪ڹɽԱ֮ħԨ
ħԨǱһƬȴɽһֻ֮һЩϹŽƵĴڣʶħԨǱߵħ֮ˣ޷ɽߡ
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ڣѾϣЩɽܹδ룬ֻҪȥƻɽˡ
Ҳ֪ûǰһˣѾ޵λɾ֮£Ųɽ˱ĵҲߣǳԶԸ
ûʲôֹģѾɽΪˣ֣ЩҲϲŹ
ȻˣǲͰһ㵽ף˵õɽ¶˼ǣЩ˻׷ɱ˼

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СӣҸоЩԾ
ʱħȻԺһɲǣҲܵˣܾɱѾڴ˴Ⱥˡ
¹Ȼˡ
һԭΧһˣһɲǣ˷ȫɽߣһ߰˸ߣȥΪ͡
Ŷ
ֻһִ´ܲ˸еһϵϢȻÿֲ
û˿嶷µʱһƵ۵һƻɽɷ˵һԭ򡣡
ԭ򣿡
Щ˶ԣ⼸ǧЩɽвϼȡ˼˼Ϊµȣǿ˵ԭ
λĻÿһЩңҪնˣ컹Ҫȥط
㡭
˽ɫһ䣬û뵽˾˿񣬵ǵ棬˵ȿ֮ԣ
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Ȼһ߳ȴֻΧɽϣ죬ϣҲ˲һ޴Ľɫ̫ͼһɿµ֮ɲǼأ
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عħѣѾܵ󷨵Ŀֲ˵ףֻǽöµħĶ£ʵԶԶȲǰĶ£Դʱɽħ󣬶ڵħȻһơ
ħ
һ߳ȣмȥ棬һʱ֮䣬ӿһ޴̫ħӡȻѹ


1306 ն
Сӡģ
ħѷ棬ƺСһ棬ɽħʱħһѹƣĵȴͣɽħȴƲס
ǵħ̫ӡѹһ˲䣬ֻ˫ֲסӡʮ⳯ϴȥ⻹ʮ⣬Χɽȥֻһ˲䣬ϵ̫ӡȻࡣ
˼ɵĵ
ħһȻʧɫнϸߵߣҲһȻʧɫĿ¶־ɫ
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˿ȻѾڲأԲⱻǼĸߵ߹۲쵽ˣڣǼ¶ɫɽһ˼ĵǸ¶֮ɫˡ˼ߣ
Ҳţ˼ĵȻɽķħ
ˣ˼ߣ˼ˣ
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ʵղţʹõģġӡҲƲһЩϹŽƴ󣬵ҪǰȺʱ󷨣Ҳʲô¡
Ȼؼǣɽ֮Ԫ࣬Ҫʩչ˵˼ôѡ
˼ߡ
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˱Ϊֻԡֲݣ˼ߣ
ҿȥ˾ǵħ˫ޡȻصһħ֮ʩչ˸ĵƷħǵħ˫ޣʲô
ȻʱЩɽ߲֪ŶµħҲ˳Ƿȥ룬Ϊ˵ʵ̫˼뵽
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ǽգţһƻʮɽˣһ˼ߣ
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Ȼһ䣬һƻӳħ֮ӿȥʱΧ˳ȥǼĸߵߣһʱҲܲסɿµϢֻòȥ
Щ˺ԥһԾɵ˿У˵Ŀģƻɽڴɱˣ˼Ѿ¶ʱٶ飬ҹζࡣ
˼ˣֻһ۹½ʱУܵѽ͸Ŀֲɷ֮Щɽ߸һǰѽǡ
Ǿ֣ʱҪնһ˼²ôնɽһй©ʱ⡭
˵꣬ҲȫȻȥ˵ʲôȻһɽȵµնȥ
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ⷽԲɽسݣһƬĩվ£вɶܵǣмСɣײ֮£ҷֻһЩнϸߵĵӺͳ˳

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ʱһɽ֮УѾ˶µħҲϢȫסˡ
Ѿƻʮɽδһͣɽ磬Ԫǳ棬ŶµħҲͬľ㷦
ڳʱ߶ȽţԪ˿ֻ۾ֺףҲһȦɫ˿ȥЩ㲣Ҳ֪δ뿴ˣǷۡ
ʱɽ棬ɽл٣Ҳеο塣
ΪʱƻɽʹӿɢɽŻôŨ
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1307 ɾ
ɾ
ѾȷҪȥĵطˣͨɾĵɽ֮ϣСͨɾ
ͨѹΪͨΪĻ֮ɾͨ帽½ƣΧʮɽ壬ǷӡڣʶҪƻ˵ʮ֮ѡ
СӣɾΪҲȻλɾ棬ôȻЩֶΣȻʲôɾϷ꣬һƾǻҷ𣬲¿ŶµħҲδ׶Ը
ħԺȻ֪λɾֱɾɾɾɾ
˵λɾǿǧɽﵹҲ˵˶żֱ¡
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ش֮ʱ˻ܹͬЭǰмȡ˼£Ǹǡ־ͬϡִ˲ƣ
һΣƻ޵ɽȻǵ棬˴δйʧˣôӲ
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׽÷ˡǡ
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ħһôǴ涯֣һܾɽˣʱ˷˶µħֻǣе鷳
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ǳɫɷףɫţɾ»ţ
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˵գҲɾʲôˣ˲仯һâԶʷȥ


1308 
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ɾ棬һȻȫ֪˺£̨֮ϣɾɫһĪǾǡ⣬һأҲЩ

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ӣŵĵѣȶ꣬δȿֲ
֪λѵãһ
мȥвǳѸٴӹɾ˳Ȼڻ֮ʱֻȷ棬Ϻӿƶ֮ϣһλħվѪµĿ⣬ʱһҲ޷һ̣һַĤݵĳ嶯
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ܿ죬ɾ棬ֳ߰˸Ƶ۵ߣʮħһˣѡ
Ǵ˿ɾڻãǽɾȥͨ帰ˣɽ紫Ҳҹܸϻ
˿̣ʮľѣһС֪λѣγƺɼȣʲô顭
ƻɽ֮£ɽ紫÷з˵ħԨǱ߶֪ˣȵ֪ܲ
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ԣһҪͨ壬ĿȴȣͨϣѾʮλɾֲɵѵȥͶɡ
ɾ̫ԴΪʱﲼ󷨽ƣûܹƿû뵽Էȴֻһʱ䣬㽫µ󷨽ȥˡ
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Ҳ˵ӣ˿ԶµħģŲħϢ¾ɾЩˣҲΪ֮һοЩѰӣͬһ߼һܲ
һɽȺ˿ԥһ㳯նȥ۹½˫ټ϶µħ֮ȻɽżǿķҲһ˲䣬߽ˡ


1309 ̫
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ʮ߸Ǿ״ۼһɽױ٣ʱ˲ô࣬ȥҪʩչ϶ԷһƷħ֮Ʋɵ䡱һʱʮ˽Ѫ˻ȥ
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ŴԣڵӸɫѣħͷڣֲܵǳȣǱҪˡ
һʮѹĽɽȻȥ֮˭˵ֵסֻ˲Ҫҷ𡭡
ʱһӷ˳ϣҪȻҪȻǻȳɣɽڣûգħͷǶҲֻǡ

ۼ˶ҡģһ³ϴŭһָȥ顱һü֮ϣʱѪ˳ȥ
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ת˲֮䣬ɽѾ٣ɾ棬Ű֮Űħ֮ȫҳһˡ

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̶Ƭ̼䣬һɽȱȥ֮ʱȵڱƻˣҴܣ֮Щ¥󷨷Ҳܲסͨͨ촷ۡ
һĻʮȻŵû⣬ɢʱһĵعȻʮӰЩ˲ȵĵӣҲɽߣʱ䣬ץס˼ߡ
ǱǱڵعȵĽȫˣȻҲͳˣǵǰһĻʱҲסˣţ˻ȥɾɾ
ʱǶʮ˼棬ֻһˣ·մҲĨһ๸ɾˣҲ
˲Ǳˣȴζ


1310 
ɾŰڱǶʮ˼߼һĻ޲¶ɫ
ԭΪˣŰ˵滹һѪҪӳȥ
ۼɾѾʼ϶¶˾֮ɫǵħ֮Ӱ˸ľѣ˱ȥɽˣգȻɾȥˡ
ɫţﱻ󷨷ˣҪȥѵҲҪ𡭡
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ħԺһѪʵЩӦ
壬Ѫ֮󣬸ǱѾܳˣ󷨾ƴɽ籩򵥣֮
Ȼ󷨱ñȳ˸Ϊ񣬿ɶʱڣһЩֻɾҪϻˡ
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޷һʵŭ𣬿Ǵ˿ϸȫǺɫĹâͻôԣ;Է飬ʲôֶΣȻϴõƪԼϽֶˡ
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СӣɾֻҪˡ
ħ𣬶棬ֳҡҡ׹ɾһۣȻˣǾһݴˡ
µһ˲䣬ֻУȻһʵب֮ʱΧƱɫ


1311 ţֻϦ
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˱ɫֻƲ㷭ӿһ⣬ֱӿȥķһɲǣ˹һ
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ʱµޣ鼫Ϊ߰һ̣ǱبŲסһ㣬ѣ
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ħҲԺ𣬶һɲǣȴȻӦ˿˵ա


1312 ͨ
ֻɽºߣ߳һӰ˰ʤѩһѽַƴ־衣
˲Ǳˣζ
һȻ㡣
ζһһʹ˿̣Ҳδκξ裬뵽֮ǰһĻɽ֮϶ħô¡
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һ̣˶ˣ˴֮䣬ƽ뷨Ҳ֪ǴӺʱʼ֮Ĺϵ΢
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ܹʶħԼħʬħȤǴ𰣬ǳˡ
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գֻһԾҲɵޱϣ΢΢תͷһۣץˡ䣬ԦƲȥ
޵ٶȷʵ죬һգۣ㻯һ⣬ʧããƲȫѷɫһЩɼҷз

ʱȥգЩ죬ɽһˣ˸ţ⼸´ƻɽǸˣξȻȥȡ
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1313 Ǳ
ˮüԽԽһ˵ţһ˳˼ͣһֽŵҵķԴ͸ǲûãֵͳˣо֣Ȼȫ˾ȥҵʱоóЩ֣ȥģۡ
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˳ãżϵӴˣҲЩУܹ׽ɱ˳徳ϵΪ
ˮӵҲû뵽ˡȻʦһҲ˼䡣

֮ϣü΢һ̣·ֻ˶ǰľһò̾ò˼ȥˣ֪˼Ϊ֮ˡ
ŴԣˮǳǳһЦ˵ǰʦɽٶ꣬޳ɣӴնȴ쳾ҲΪ˼֮ˡ
΢΢üû˵֮Уһ˿Ե˼֮飬ɽãϾĹ
Щ΢㺣ˮӵǳϴδȥ˼䣬ʱܿó
һּʵǡ£ʦҪŮ֪𣿱ϾҪôȥ¾ҪоˣооˣֻЩ

ӵͷ˼Ƭ̣˵Ůرչأʱ˾ˡ֪ʲôˡ

֮⡣
ǰͨȵĵؽˣϵϢ̫أټǰˡ
֮£ֻǰ֣Щ죬ζ˳ޣʮ·ǰԶ㵽ͨˡ
˵ͷ漴·һɽȥ
ܹƿһЩӡƣ޾̫һֱߣǺôࡣ
ֻͨһ֧壬ƣζȻǿֻ취Ǳȥ
䵽ɽϣ޵֪ҵĻﲻҪߣҷǰͨȡ
⼸ѾѱˣɴʱĿȻ˵⣬ҲϷͳ֮
߰ɡ
ٺ޺ٵ飬ζͨǱȥˣԼм룬ջƻʱ֣˱ͨȸ
ꡭ
ζ˸ƣʱ˶ѾغϵϢͨȣϾѰ֮أһֵĻΪҲȫˡ
ڣ׶öµħˣһղħѾԼҲôһ˲䣬Ʋʲô׶öµħˡ
ĺɫĺϣɽ棬һ̣֪ΪΣҲɭĸо
СǰǱ룬ζͨʮ壬ÿһɽ壬һڣͬʱһλǿķأҪȥ棬ʱڣƻ󷨣ʱ֮ʹ󹦸ˡ

˵ͷʱƻ֮ͨȣȻƷӡʱֻ뽫ٻǿгٴζȥǡ
ȻֻõĴ㣬ڼ᲻ʲô⣬ԼʮʵΣҲΣһ˭Ҳֹ
ɽѾԽԽŨˣһ˳Ļع˶ãɽ¶۶ˡ
һ裬һɽ¶ɣʱضɽǿᣬܷùҲ˵
ѾĴ㣬µħ٣ʬħ۹½㣬еڻȪȵصħһħ֮ʶ
֮ϧһдۣɱ񣬷ɱɽΪУҲҪõɽ¶
ôˣ
һɲǣζԸܵ͸ĺɱüͷһ壬ͻȻصɱ
û¡
عϵϢˣζü˵ǰ治Զͨˣ¶ɱ˲ϢĻҶΣա

ûзղȷʵʧҺ⸽ûиˣղŵϢض˲ˡ
ꡭ
ʱζȻ˸ƣһ˲䣬ҲˣԶɽߵϢ߿ȥ˲ݴ档
һֻĺɫӰ⸽Ƕ䲻ģȥֻʮӣ϶ŸС¨ԭȴҩͯӡ
һӹȥˣٹЩգоȡҩˣ͸õ˰ɣ
˭أʦ˵³ⶼȥˣӰҩˡ
ҩСͯһ鱧Թţһϸ⸽ѰҪɲݣȵ֮ʱȥ
ʱһ½գζҲӲݴˣŸղҩСͯȥķζղ˵ʲô𣿡
ÿһӣоͨȡҩٹЩգȡҩ˾͵ˡ
˵ţ䣬˱˴˶һۣһ̣Ѿ뵽ȵİ취ˡ


1314 
ҹɫѾ˴ʱо˼ƽϡ
ͨȲѰ֮أóȻǱ룬²ȫղҩͯ˵ЩջоȡҩΪβװоȡҩˣ
ͨһ֧壬ڹУ֮£֪Ҳ٣ˣҪαװоȣǱˡ
ֻȱоЩס
ǰҹĻֵɽ룬ʱΨһ˵˳
˵ͨȵ˳ڲȣ֪٣ҲͺŪȥÿоˣȻ
ζû˵Ƭ̺󣬴ȡһöεiطһ㼫Ϊʵʲô
ζɵi
˵գָֻiһĨȥɵϢӶĳо󡱵Ϣ
΢΢һʱ䣬Ȼ̽ϢоϢһˣŮ˹ȻЩ¡

ζõiݸ˵Ҵʦ֣ҹ¡ңҶʦ㣬ƻ
ҹ£ƻ
i΢֮Уɾӣҹºƻ
ˣ߰ɣȥǰ̽
ζһ˵ţһСǰȥ˵ѾװоĵӣiҲˣһУ֪ģ;ʡ
һ¸ȥȫϢͨȸ֮£ʮɽ壬ϹžһΡ֡
ꡭ
һĹǰζ˸ƣ漴ʶ̽˳ȥ˺һŽʶջأ˵ǰźصĽơ
һ˵ţһתͷȴͻȻߣһתͷ촽ЩԷգüͷһ壺㿿ôʲô
ǰҹĻֵĹȣ˵ݾߡ
Ҳÿô
㲻˵ʦҹ£ʦ㣬ƻô
ҴʦֺͶʦһ򲻺ͣǲŲ῿ô
ꡭ
˸ƣĿǰİ˵߰ɣ⸽Ľ̫أҪݾߡ
漴뿪ͨȸջǾռٰоȡҩˣ棬Żƻ󷨡
ҩСͯԣƺоҪҩͨȻûɣ˾ͺãܹǳʱ䡣
ڶʱ˱αװоˣԦͨȹȿڸ
˷˵ã̳˰ӣΪһ˼ضɽ΢΢һԼſڣϾϻҪ򶨣쿪ʵ֪Ǻηѣ
ζѾоȡҩ֮ˣҪһӣˣҲʣ˵ָһӣһö㳯ǹĵӷȥȴζi
i֮ڲظ˵Ѱ֮ˣһЩиߣϸĻҲѿжߡ
οζѾһֶΣ˸ĵӣ޿ܿʲô
ˡ
ΪӼоȡҩ֮ˣ΢΢һ˵ʲôʱȴ俪ڵҩ𣿡
Ŵԣ˸ĵӸǻ΢΢һΪ֮˺Ƭ̣µ˵˵⣬εҪҪµ׵ʱɡ

ζĿһ䣬˵ҶʱգǾȻδҩɣǳϺڣ
⡭
˸ĵΪѣΪ֮˷iݻ˵λʦ֣ʦ㣬ȡ
·
Ծɱ䣬ֱ֮Уȥݣǰ˸ĵӸܵ󣬸Ӽоˡ
ͨֻϼɣϴޣҩ滨࣬ȷʵһ֮ضҪŨࡣ
һ·˼⣬ζ´̽ûдͨȵɽһŦ֮ܽƻƻɽá
λʦ֣ʦ㣬롭
һǰĵӹģڡ
˽󲻾ã߳һӰ뷢ףһɫİԵۣɢһŨŨҩ㣬ĳλҩϡ
λԶд֮֡
ֻЦӦٴμһζݣȴҩδɣϵΪϢٲȻ֮ϣҲͲٿˡ
ζʼɫ䣬ƽģǲһֻʦҶͨȡҩµȴ֪ҩδɣô£
⡭
һᵽҩϵЦݣ𽥽ӲˣЩΪѣЩεصεǸϸ±ƶɵģ˭¯Щ⣬оҪҩҵֲҴ⣬˱㡭ֻһˣضλҲ֪ҪεɲǱر֮ģɲݣֻͨҽӽһӷųһأÿһأձݡ
̵˵ţζüͷһ壬¶һͷӣ˵˵˵ȥֱ˵εҪʱɡ
⡭
ԥһ˵졭Ҳõµˡ
µף
ζ˪һ䣬õ֪ʲôʱģҪȵµףǺʱܻȥ죡
⡭
ŭˣ߲ɫһףܰҩ
ʱڵĵӣҲͷҶԣϾˣǴģǿɲʲôطܹᲢ۵ġ
ۼ̣ʱֵʦã˵գߵ޷ҪöС
˵ֻ꣬عͷζʦ˵εܳκ⣬Ǵߴ٣ѱʲô⣬ȥûϵε˲ֻ¡
˴תߵεúƣʱһûϵؼǣٳκ⣬𣿡
ǡʱЦŮӵʦͨͷһʯ¡
ֻعͷζʦĪҪ⼸ҴҲƵûţγ͵ˡ
һһǳϻתŲǵˡ
ļգζˣͨĴתƣһյʱ̽鵽ڣͨؾ
ֻؾأκ˶ǰΪأؾʮΣգ㲻ΪأͨȵĵӣҲǱȥ
ζǱȥĻȻɣôֻܵҹ֮ʱǱˡ


1315 ؾ
ڵȵҹһ֮ҹɽ棬һжʵģʹܹõںҹڲΡ
ͨؾ棬ѾܵĽϢؾڴͨȵĵӿأȽ˽˲ܽؾ֮С
棬Ϣָһӣö룬жüģʱǶ˵ʶ
ߡ
ؾڵѾûκֻ֪ľͷһվζ漴ȥǱߣһʱǸܵ洫ĿֲϢ
Ȼʹɲǿд룬һ̫Σգǿдƣضиֵľ
˾ǵ֮ʶ񣬱ҲСʹؾؽƣҲѲ֡
ԼʱӰѾϢͨؾ棬һ棬ʱܵؾĽϢӿȵ
ǵֻнƵĻ˻СǰУţɽ籩ƣҲܴ͸Ҫȥ㣿
ʥǿˣҲҵģвЩ籩У˲ǣʹԪܹӳҲǼˡ
µħȫֵܹ˴籩һʻᾪͨȵĸ֣ɽһЩǿߣȥµħϢ
صġ
ٿζ·ۺʱһӣ䣬ʵڲ̫ϡ
䣬ֻ˫ֲϽӡȥƵӡȴֲơ
ţֻϾһɫתϢһݣǡ̫ҵ
˽Ϊֻⲻ֪̫֮һңͬһǣܹںϣڵ޿ɳԽ֮ףν֮
ֻϧ˥ˣʧѲȸ̫ʹؼдһƪҳңкܹɣգζϡ
ʱҲЩ΢΢Ծ츳꣬ôʮʥδؼǸס
һɲǣζϱһ⣬һһЩ֮˵ܱȣû˿ɱԡ
ʱȻѿͷһܵĺ飬ΪҪʩչ̫ҲȫǼ׵¡
ˡ
һ˵ţһָһҲһԭȴܹ˵ֲûе
߰ɡ
漴ؾȥ濴޷ˣȴ룬̫Ȼֵܹ˴Ű
˿˿ϢζԪתϣв룬յңΪξûˣ
ңյ̫壬ڵңʵǿģô˥ܸоǵƺ˥ˣѵ
ģ
ʱζȻץסǰ棬һΣյĽϢոڳ񣬾δ쵽ǰΣա
û¡
ʱعȥ飬ٿζһŵӣ֮ǰڻȪʱ򣬿ɲ˽Ź
ζֵĿԼʶɿ֣˵ǰЩƺ㲻Ҫٳˡ

΢΢ͷ˼һ·ǰŵʱʱ򣬶˲ڱܿǰؽƣؾѹŦĹ
ˡ
ͣʱܹܵӿȵܹһЩâ
󷨡
ʶ΢΢һǰĹ̽ȥѾʧޣȫܹС
׼ȷҵÿһţжϵĻ󷨺ܿһҲʧ⣬ʱƻ񱩣ûѹԼ١
ֻҪж󷨵ЩΣգʱζȥ𣿡
û⡣
ζȡĳĽĽǵ궫ɾģɼҪնϴ˴ѡ
˱㿪ʼѰҹȫڣЩŵ󷨵ĸӦü񣬿Ҫ׼ȷҳȫڣҲǶʱܹɵġ
ʱ˲ڰҳܹоžŰʮһš
ʮһţҪж˵ѲѣҲ򵥣һԿ϶һѡˣǾûκ·˽ҪԵģпͨ塣
׼𣿡ζɫȥ
ǰʮһţü̤ͨһ𣬱Ѿû·
ͨȵɽһŦڣȥܻʲôĺ֮һΣû˿ֹҲϧɽΪС
ʱһϢɫһؾķȥȵȣʲôˡ


1316 Ī
ͨһнԿƾȻζǱؾ֮УھȻһ˲ҩϣǼҩ϶ڼӼоҪҩ
ֱճʱˣһһŮеĴһ£Ůĺϼ˿ȥжǳɫҲЩȻԳȡҩġ
һ£ȿǼӿܾСǰЩ죬Ǹȡҩôգȥ
ǲֻѶϣͨȵĳ֮ҲΪ֮һۼ˺󣬲ʲôʱ
ˡ
һӱû겻ᣬӭ˵ߣңǰĵӼпûУ
Ǽ϶ˣ򶨲ңһӲ֧᲻ǣˡ񣬺ûпǡ
ʲôˣ˵ô¡
ɫȥζҪ䣬ͨҩļϾһŽյ飬ʵ˵
֮ŮӽĿһ˼ðǡ
ϣˣ
ʱһӻŻ˽һȻԤе²¾ţ˵
ءسϣ
ǵɫɷףҭһڿˮ˵ؾǱߡؾǱ߳ˣ
ؾˣ
߶ʱֻеһתǰһЩֱεȥôû뵽ôû뵽ǱͨȣΪʲôˣˡȥؾ

ؾ֮УζѾܵپۼˣϣȴʮ򶨡
ζѾǷˡ
ڻ֮ʣֻؾ棬˷һһɿֲķӡ֮ҲеϢ
ӣǷͨȡ
һ𽥱ƽ⣬򶨲ңϢѾԽԽˣغܿ죬дֳؾؾҲȥˡ
˿̣˱˴˶һۣζ
ɣȥ棬סǡ
˵꣬ҪȥζȻֽסȵȡ
ôˣ
عͷȴպÿζ΢ĵ񣬹һſڵСһЩ
Ҳǡ˵ͷԥһâؾǱ߷ȥˡ
ߣζĽȥֵͨȵĸˣҪն󷨵
Ҫ鶼ΣգҪֵô֣ΣգҪնһ󷨱ͬΣա
ˣΪ˸Ҫɵ飬ʹ֪ΪҲ˺һ
ϣζִţۿţִţζֺγۿš
УŶŸԵִԲߵһ

ؾ棬дͨȵĸָ˹ֻǸĳϺ;ӢӣٹƬ̣һص峤ϴʱôʮ͸óˡ
ؾѾʧȥʶؾҵϢڳϾһȻȥؾ桭
졭ȥֹǣ
һ£ϰٸӢӣؾȥλ棬ԻЩӲ籩ˡ
ȻڵӻûܹȥȻһ漤һ±㽫ϰٸӢӣȫ˳ȥ

һ籩߳İ׷Ӱﱧŵʵ٣峤ϽһǿϢ
ԶӺͺŮĿһһעˡ
ԭΪðʦöͨȵģضЩɽСɴʱһ˵ΪǹԨϢﱧŵ١
Լµֵܹסؾ籩һ̣ʦöˣҲ΢һ
¡¾Ǻˣ
ǰɫʱ֮£Ѿ̲סЩӣǲѡ
Ȼûжԣֻǻϥ£ٷ˫ϥ֮ϣȻص
峺Ƹɽˮ磬ֱؾ洫κɱܺȴѴסû뵽Ƚž֮£ص٣δҲ̫
ʵľ£˭
ĪҪ񣡡
Ȼµĳɫһ볯ؾȥȻ˸һɽȥһأԲңһȴѳ˼
飡
˱һ˫˫˳ȥһѪӿ
ϣ
ߵĵӸŵɫɷףæǰϷסû뵽Ȼ

ԶĿһоҲͨɣȻʦ٣ǰ˵ٹΪףȴǴԺˣ
´ˣ
ȻղһСɽƾˣȻסͨˣһ£ؾȥǼ𷨱ɽһʱ䣬ؾӿȣ
͵ĹƣȴȻֻԭɼĹȴǻ˽ߣɱһһؽ

һЩؾĹ֮ˣ⵹˳ȥڷ£Щ˸һ
ؾأʮϻӿȵŰ޷طֻܴڽһؾڣ澹˹ý
ϣ
ܿ죬ǰ̵سһش˵أƻǧĽâϮķɽ˳ȥ
Լ˰ʱ䣬ȴ޷ƴ˴ϥڵأȻʵظ٣Īеơ
ֻȻλ֪֮˺ɣҪִǰ̽Ҳ顣

һݲȣ˸еһӸղŵڣȷʵδκһı£ԷٵҪɱղųˣ˵練ơ
ɱˣ˵ף֧壬ҲֻǷˣɾЩ˲ͬ
ĿģֻǳɽŦɱ䣬ȻЩִҪƴ
¡Ǻˣ
ʮ峤ǸɫҰף亹Σû뵽һ棬ô˾Ȼȥ˾Ǻ䲢ɽʱ˵õˣ
¡
ʱؾȻһ𵴣ͬʱһӿȵ˸һԭƻ󷨣


1317 ˮһս
ֹǣ
ѹ󷨱ƻ˸ǲһг
ָһһЩˣȫ˳ȥֻƾ٣ζȡʱж
ʱؾӿˣʹζ壬Ҳͬⲻá
ʮһţнһ뱻жֻٽʣжϣһ󷨱
ֻǴĿǰ·ԽԽˣҪ˳жµһ
¡¡
һͻ𵴣ڰе޹̨ҲǾһˮ㵴Ҳ赲һϮ
ʱѾܵؾϢغܿ죬ʮҪˣ֪ܳŵöãҪжʣˡ

ؾڴ쳣ļң̶Ƭ̼䣬֣ͨһҲͬСɡ
Ȼŷ֣վ֪ܳŵʱԷҲóĳЩڣֻζܹȥ󷨡
ת˲䣬ֳ֣ЩΪ˵߲ߣҲָͣһһɳһ½Щ˳ȥɾһ˲䣬һָٿȻ
һһɳʱΧɽȾһȴϮǵָˡ
ȻˣղһɲǣҲе˫һȻָˣΪߣǰЩνĳϿɱȣĳλˡ
ΧˣҲղһ¸ˣ˫ЩѸٵϢ֪һλ⸽ˣλȻˣɡ
һԣٵӶһԭղһλֻ֣ǲ֪ʮ棬λ
֮ʣһӰһ£ȴһ꣬üһɫӡŵӡƣȷʵߣھʲô磬һʱ䣬ҲԷֱ档
μ
⻪굽ڳϵΰȥԭһλȴͨʮ֮һķ
ʱĿϣأԲңҲﰵһ䡰ٹ
ȻϹ٣޴󣬿ҪһҶ޷˵ͷˡ
Ŀ⣬˫Ȼ󣬿һΪ֪գȴΪҪͨȣҹ󷨡
Ҳɸ٣ֻĸ֣һѾ
һԣڳ˶ס˺ҩ³ϵȷӦߣ˵˵ͬؾ棬Ҫȥˡ

ĿҲٶԣٿȻһâؾȥʱڸһ磬ԽˣԱ˳ȥ
ڣҲѰʱָһ˲䣬ܵҲ˹һâֱնȥ
˺ƺ֮ܵ
ȴأԲң˫һӡٿһһֵסˡ
˵ڰУܿ粻Ъ˽ԸеΪϣԶȥ
֮Ȼ裬ȴδԼһ֣ѾеֳȻз֣ǰ˵ĵУʵ̫ߣҿһλﵽ徳ڵǿߡ
ǧĪҪСʥʮһÿһ죬ǵ֮ɽ磬޳νɣҲδؼܹɹһ
˿̣˶Ϣעţϸϸ˼Ȼ޷͸ǰӵΪ⾳⾿ʲô⾳
岻˶Է˿̷ǱԷ⾳ѹšĸоѾþòйˡ
Ȼţ仹г⾳Գ֮£ģɱת֮⾳
ֻ˫һһ⾳ֱ֮ѹȥһɲǣͨȵӣɡɱת⾳£Ҳȫһ䣬ס˺
ʱ䣬⡰ɱ⾳ȷʵͬСɣһΧڣͬСĲ
ֻҪġɱ⾳֣ǵб֮ˣӹġתжжΪݡ֮ˣҲҪش⾳ѹԷ
ʱ⾳֮˲Ϣ㽫˽ȥͬʱߣпҶƷԭЩ̵ҶҲһ˲ήˡ
һ˲䣬ȷʵܵˣɴɱת֮⣬֮£ﲢ˥
ֻģȻΣ

һ˫ۣΧĿҶһɲȫΪ飬Ŀ⾳һˣ
ʱɫһףشһȥʱȥĿȫȻǲţĿ⾳ʧ֣Ϊθղšһ¾ôˣ
棬ʮĳϣЩҲˣǴδʲôܹףƾһ֮㽫⾳Ƴˣʲôˡ


1318 ֮
ֻأת´δ֪Ϊֻء
ϣȻʱ򵥵仰һеģԭأЩͨȵĳϵӣҲͬʯһ㣬վԭأ㶵һҲ
㣬㡭
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1319 
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һ˲䣬׹ԨͻȻһɳǵĺ⣬Դɽ磬⼸δܹϢĺ⣬ոһʶǡ


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˵꣬ԵĺŮӶһۣ˴ʱ룬Ϊ򵥣ٺǰѽһĹʦ֪


1321 
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У˵ʲô˻ɾҽսܻأʲô𣿡
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ɾҲ俴ͻȻֵŮӣԭҪˣȴŮӸ˾֣һɲǣɫҪж


1322 ؾ
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˵գֻȫϢһһѪӿɢȥһʱΧӿֱ߷ӿ
ˡ
ӰһҪɾһ߻ҪסӿԼ£ȻЩ
¡
ؾѿȻҪˣͨȵѾ뵽ȥɿʱľѣؾɽ٣пܻȥͨȡ
ʱڱؾӺɾȻͶͨܱø죡
Ǹ𵴲̴ֹͨ棬֮ϣˮԡǧǱؾΣʹ֮⣬ʱҲܸܵĿֲ
ʦ壬ˡ
ؾѸٱţ̼̳죬ˮӽˣɾҪˣΪҲ˵ǿֻʦһ˿Ųסˡ
һ
ؾ棬ζȻ̨ҲѾԹ˲Ͼˣ̳֮УȻѰӰδϴλȪһ˼̨

֮УȻ˹ɸһһ籩Ҳ˲䳯˷ӿ˹
ģ
˸һԾ㿪һ籩УɾȻӶһ
˿һۣʱζһۣ˱˴Ĭͬʱؾ˳ȥɻûзɳɾ룬ȻһӰȴͷޣһ½˸
𡪡
ŭĿǺ޲ý˺Ƭһ
ʱܵԽԽֲˣٲ뿪һؾױζӺɾǰͷޣ
ô죿
ͷĿ׺ݣζüͷһ壬߿Щ
ףʹǰͷӿҲӹɾͨҪˣҲҪסǡ
һɲǣ뵽ʲôܲӿ籩ȥζղҲƳ뷨ؾǽҪһƣؾȫȻסɾ


1323 
ʱͨؾǱڼ˷ӿͬʱһЩѺۡ
˶Ѿȥֻͨȶˣͨǧ꣬ǧΪνգ֮֡
ؾ֮УɾڼҶȥ˶ǵ治ɡ
һɲǣȻ䣬ؾ߷һӰȻ´ȥƲ赲һߣһӰҲͬ͵سȥ
ȴζͬʱ֣ؾҡҡ׹ʱܳܵס˵
ֻ䡱һ죬Χҡҡ׹ɽ壬˲ֱɳ̣һɲǣµ֮Ҳȫʧһ㣬ӿ
濴һۣ˲֪ζʲôһɲǣԥӰһΣȥ
ߣ
ɾ˫Ѫ죬̬˫һţ׷ȥɾ׷һ˲䣬׼ͨһ˷ĿֲԳȥ
𣡡
ۼɾҲһ˲˹ȥɾϹѪҲȫֵɿ񱩵
ӿɾһ˲ʶмˣʱΧѾӿܹһɢЩ
ߣ
ͨؾѾѸٱˣӸԥһҪζȥ
Ȼȥһ˲䣬ȻɾĿֲߣûôף
һ˲䣬籩УһѪ˳ǲֱץ˹
ǡ
һɲǣڱɫ˫ֿٽһӡ͵سɾǰѪֵֵȥ
飡
һ죬ֻȥϾһ˿԰֮ɫɾֻѪ֣ȴδɢ͵سץ
ۼΣٲô࣬͵ؽתһɲǾķԲʮʱӿһ˲ȫ߾˹ȥҪɾͬھһ
ؾˣľȻķ籩ӿ֮ʱ˲߶ȫһ׹⣬ζһɲǷ˱ͨؾ
뿪֮ʱֻӿͨؾһ˲ˣΧɽܲסɳҲһ˲ҷɾǱ㲻֪ˡ
֮⣬֮ϣˮӼӻ˿æǰʦ壬
û¡
ղΪǱؾ֮룬һ˲߶ȫȻĲᣬɾǹѪһƣʱɫȥмֲ԰ס
ǶˣΣʱӲתȥζ˼ߡ
лȡ
ζʮ񣬵ȴн䱸ǵˮӺȻһ۱ϳˡ
ǼǰɽʱǸоŮӡ
֮ǰλӼ֪ӿǻӡ󣿡
ʱˮҲн䱸֮ɫһЦ˵
ȴ룬ȥ׷ɱȴ⼸ƻɽ粻ǸղšĪһֱʵ
Ȼǵá
ȻʱѾ뵽ʲôˣλӷǿҲɽպˣΪҪԵ޹ʣðΣ
ˮµŮҲڣôžֻһֿˡо
֮ǰ˵ʲôŮҪ֮ĻǶֻɾˡ
ղͨؾδסɾ뿪˵
ʱ˵꣬һۣȴ룬˾Ǻ˼εأղδ
ʱǲٶ˵ʲôͨȵѾ٣źܿ죬ɽһһ٣ʱɽ棬ɽ¶ܿͻˡ
ڣҪʱ뿪ղ˵òûдҲ͹ɾʵһƺضƺתһȷʵЩ¡
߰ɡ
Ҳԥһһζˮӣǰȥˡ
ȥ죬ɽȷʵϷҹԲ޵ı߼ʣ죬ζ˶ʼûзɹ衣
֮ʱѾܹԸܵɽŶ̶ʱѡ
ȥͨȵȷʵһ֮٣ȥȥá
ֻǰͨһ£Ѿɽ磬һЩǧ겻Ĺ壬Ϊ¶ˡ
һж·ԤʾţǧĹɽ磬ڼ
˼ߵѾ¶ͨȣҲ˿ˣֻ£ˡ
ʵһУֻΪɽ¶֪һвΪҲҪΪ֮
ǰ治֪һһˮƣ±һġ
ȴĹɽ羰һɽʱڿʵҪҶȥ
ԣͣת˿Ԧ䵽һɽϣ˵ڣܼˡ
Ҫȥġ
ڣδӷɹ裬ҲδлնԷȣΪ϶ˣԷҲͬɾЩһĿĶġ


1324 ɽ
ЩţζԱҲĬв֪ʲô
ãżŶɽ£ܻ֪ڵɽ磬ʲô
仰Ȼڶ˵ζ˴תҲ֪ڵĴжΣա
ǰһ仰ӵ˼ֻ˵ʱɽһ£ϣɽ磬һ޴УһУ˭ҲԴ߳
һ仰ҲԼԼ˼֣ƺֻ˵Լƻɽȣھʲô˼ӶԷҲ˵
һ̣Ȼǰӣ򵥣áɲ⡱ݣʲôˣƺɽ統ǰľƣָơ
ҽʲô֡ڣӶ֪ʲôԴʱʵ
ɽҲȫûбҪգҲˣ˵һ
һ
΢΢һ˼Ƭ̣ŵһˡ
ԭҲ֪˼֮¡
֪˼ңҲеֻ֣ŪˣҲˣǡ
ԭˡ
һԳĬԵζ˿ֲһȴԳƲҵˣһ֮ˣȴ˸ߵһ
ˣҲ˵ˣڣҶ˿˰ɣһ˵ţһתζȥʾ⣬ձ뿪
ʹ֪ΣգҲĪһİߣοںò״ɽٹãɽ¶Ҫɣʱ򣬾Σգɵ飿
һ۵ɽ¶⼸£ô࣬ȫѪ֮ˡ
ɽ¶ŻһΣѵҪɽ磬ϰ꣬ٻ˼δ룿
λȥԱ㡭ڣ뿪
ӵ˵ţƽȥѾˣɲԼѡ
Ϊβߣ
תȥɸһת֪˸ʲôֻһ˹
ʹ䱸һʵ̫죬˽£δܳɹ㿪
һϣʱһӣԽԽһ¾Ӳˣ
ͻһĻζɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˳Ľʲô˼
Ȼƽƽ˵̫ȷʵйֻܼǲ֪ĿǰĵУУ߹С
ֻһƽƽĻȴ˸еʮѹϢζȷʵ츳ǿ֮ͬк˼꣬۵еĻԶӡ
Ҫߣ㡣
ǻƽζȻ֪̫֮ĿǰĵУվǲǰλɽӣԽգܴӶԷߡ
һ㣬Ҳúܣȥ뿪һУҪģ취ϵ
ζü΢յ˵ͷ漴޹̨Զȥˣͨȵ٣ȻбҪȥ졣
ζȥ֮ûа취Ľȴ֣ΣԳ忪
ʱˮ˹˵ӻǷɣ⡮ķɱסˣҲ޷ѡ
գǷ˵ֿɫ䣬ȴţ˵޷ҪоˣҷſұĨȥʶ䣬оͲˡ
ĨȥΪвˮӹһ¾ͽң
㿴ҸҲҡ
һ˵ˮԡ
ʱתȴƽƽޣȫֻίһ£ȥϸˡ˵գָһʱһˮ£ϸǱߵķȥˡ

ȥ죬ʱܹԸоɽԽԽ棬ֻٹãɽ¶ͻ۶ˣκţʲô޷⿪
Ͼ͵ϸˣҿӻʡɣҲ岻ġ
ˮӼһ·ڳԳ忪ʱ˵ü΢ʵǴҶã

ˮ룬˵㻵ôɽͨȵŦҲȥˣɽңҿҪɽƽϢ˵꣬Ҳʮ꣬һӣ֮
ꡭ
һߣ˵ǲЩɽǧ֪ȡ˶˼ұǽȥΣ
Ŵһˮϣһ¾ͱó࣬ٿ˵ҲƸղôˡ
ô˵ˣҪڡ
ȻĿҲЩͱˣˮüͷһ壬ʲôȴһֹ֣ס˵ȥ
ֻתǰδʵɽ㻹˽ԶԶóȻȥ֪ʲô
ǡ
һЦ˵ɽ㹻ȶĳܹ׻ȥģĳղȥٹʮֻ꣬Ҳ֧Ųס˰ɣôȴѹȫˡ
ԣˮӲüһЩʼɣֻ˼ߣ֪ôࣿʵ㻹֪Щʲô
Ŷĳ˵ˡ
Цһɽ磬Ȼǰô򵥣ɽҲˣصǰǻѡô
߰ɣǰ治Զϸˡ
Ӳٶԣĩָһһٴδ϶ˣϸ޵ķȥˡ
һֱɵĺɫʱϸ޲Զˣǰ֮ɽ紦ɲ֪ΪΣʱȴһããһƬɽ֣ɽĺ¥һ㡣
ͻȻˡ
ˮüһ̽䱸ƽˮȴд⣬˵һЩ
˷ɵŨ֮ʱǰһϮ˫˲˸ӡһâɳȥ顱һǹײʱɢΧһƬŨܿ죬⸽Ũ¾£˻
֪λǰһ
Ϣ˵ʱһԪղǹ͵Ϯ
ˮһ±ʮֽˣȻܹܳղһ˵ĵУضʦ֮¡
ſң
ѹȻҲܵˣŨһԼԼϢкܸߡ


1325 
ġ
ԷʼղӵĽ䱸ˣ΢΢һ̧ˮӴȥ棬ԼһһСǰ̽ȥ
ΧĹ̶Ƭ̼䣬Ũ࣬Ϊ֮ʱǰڴһҪȥǾͽ°ա
ɾҲǺˣ˫üһѰһ̽ԵδҪˣǷЩ˵ȥ
ɣӣһףô
ԽԽˣΧҲԽԽŨɹϢߣҲɢ֮ȥ˱
ſҡ
һ˲䣬ɫҲüˣоõǰδһ򵥣ڱٶԷ˺䵽ǰǾδˡ
𶯣
ˮһ½סˣѼһɽʵĵҲͣǴ˿̣ǰǸ˵Ϣ£һ͸ĸо
ʦ壬ô졭
ʱˮֻӴȥ䱸ǰһԽԽϢ˿ֻһмߣȻסˣһصסһҪص
ǡ
ˮ˫üǰδйĸоȴ֪ΪΣʼյʦһ¡
⿪ҡҲ԰ǡ
ǰǵϢԽԽˣһ£ķĿǰܹѵġ
Զµħһԣţɽ޷˵µħˡ
𶯣⿪Ǿˣ
ˮӽһʱԽԽţʱǰߵŨ߳һӰֻһɫۣΧŨȫģ
ĿһʩԶ취Ҳ޷˵ģʱһɫƶһɳȥ򵥡
ߣ
һɲǣӸԥ˫ֽ˸ӡ£ʱʮɴֱܶѸٶĹֵȥ
ʦ塭
ˮ΢΢һ£Զȥɸһδݳɾ룬һɫֱƾǲ赲
ǧ
ӳһȣһɲǼ䣬ɵӰֻĵӰһ½˶棬ǿа⸽սסˡ
ʦ塭
ۼʦ徹ǧνգˮɫһ䣬ʱǲӰﴫӵˮ£ߣ˵мߣҵĵǧסá
⿪ң
ɫһȻ˵ֶΣղǷһ˵ٲ⿪ңʦػ
סڣ
ˮӻعͷһۣΪ˾㣡ߣһᣬȥܺ棬ǰȥˡ

֮ˮڴصϸġɾҲǰȫˡ
һеӣƽҲȣռˮʦ𾹴һİӣڵӶЩԾ룬ѵǰЩյĴţģ
ȥ޵ͨȣɾǸƻɽɾȥˣ
ʱɫ滨ݣȺģɽȪ紵аӯ䡣
һЩɽ֮ϣ۳٣֮ϣʱɫ¹ܹɾʹɽҲ
ˮʦǡ
ʱʮƮƮȻŮ
ʱʮŮ޲¶֮ɫһǽġ
ʱּӿݲЩɾһ㣬ʮŮӣַЩߣ۲תֻĿˮʦϣ˼һֱ
ˮӵ֮£˵ȥ⣬ϹЩʱձȥϻ֮ǰκ˲óȣҲκȡ
ԣڵǶЩͷԣ¾Ҫ󣿵ʱҲٶʣֻðշԸȥˡ
ԼһˮӽһƽȺȣ棬ҲĿƽţνһľ֮أڴ˵գɵʮա
ֻǲôãʱҲֱĸоϵˮӶû⿪
ǵ
üһʵ֮ʱֻ棬һ𣬽ǻһ޴ϣɾ档
һ˲䣬ʱˣӦǸղˮ˵Ĺˣʱ䱻ţʶܹоʮͨЩƻҪڴˣԼĳȥˡ
ˮü΢˵ڴ˺úôŰɣû˻㣬Ҳû鷳
˵գֻ˫ֲסӡҲһʱɿˣһӲӵص
⣬ĹһͱǿȥǲСнƣҲӲҷ³
ȵȣ
Ҫתȥֽס뽫
ˮתüһۣΣʦ֮ǰҲȥˣİɡ
˵꣬ȥˣһ·˫üʼֲĸоʦԼ֮ϣʱˣ˵ĻôӦ׷ԼǣΪεڣһ㶯ҲûС


1326 ʴ
ȥʱ䣬ʼûκζĹϸ۲Ĺ󣬷ȷʵûа취򿪣Ȼˣֻܵӻˡ
Ѿȥʱ䣬δǲ˺£Щֻ۹顣
ˮȴԽԽһֲĸоڣֲóȻԷȥѶһ˽ػ񣬷ױ¶ӵλá
㷲һֱȵĺɫʱɾ棬һϢˮǸӦˣʦϢչȿǱȥˡ
ʦ壡
˹ȿʱȻӻˣˮ˿Ҫ߹ȥʱȴȻһ̧֣ˮ£Ҫ
ʦ壬ôˣ
ˮһ£ʱſ壬ʦɫЩ԰ףѵǱ˴ˣʵʦ壬ˡ
Ҳûʲô
ҡҡͷɫƺҲδԵ⣬ֳɾ˿ѿʵ򿪹ģ

ˮ˫ü˵ܵԲ˴򿪹󣬵ʦ
úܺá
һ˵ţһɾȥˣˮӿıӰôܸоʦЩֵֹģҲ˵һˡ
ˮ£ʲô
ں治ͣ΢΢תͷʵ
ûСˮŻعҲȥ
ɾ棬Ĺ֮УϥʱҲӦӵϢȿڵķȥһ˿ɻ
һֻнŲ߽Ȼϥһô£ֱۣûȥĽŲ
ɽȷʵʮִŨҪĻ治ʮأһ̤ʥ
һ棿
Ƭ̺󣬽Ųͣˣӵ
ʱĵصǰұӵץƲȥɽ棬ѵӵ޹ɡ
㡭
ᱡʱˮӵĳȣ̧̧֣Ǿֹˮ˵ɽƻңȥôв˶ҵ㣬ӦԼĿǰĴڣͰⳡ粨ȥ˵оԸ͸ԸҲǿ󡭡
ʦ塭
ҪˣԱߵˮȴһ£оòײģʱ֪жΪ˶ҲǾһ˰㣬СˣвҪĵ
Ҳˣڴˣɣ棬ķڴһգա
ӵ˵ţִˮԶȥˡ
ҹͲ£ЩҿŮӵŲ١
Ĺ棬ִˮһ£漴תȥԿ
Ŷĳкβҡ
ʱת˻ȥĹǾ̫󣬶ֻССĹĻǴɳղ˵Щ
ڣûˮӺЦһߣҾͲţʦǧ꣬ЩɶҷβһСһˡ
ˮ£߰ɡ
̬ţ˫΢̧ǣƮˮӿȥҪƤһЩֳĹһȥ
Ƭ̺ߵûӰˣųڹȿڣŸղȥķӵ֮ϣԶµħĿǰԣ޿֮⡣
Էǲ뿪ûа취ȥˡ

һ˲䣬Ʋʲôǰȥղվ֮м仨Щήˡ

ĿһѰ˻ӵŲ֮ܲһ˿˿
ԭˡ
ʱȻ뵽ʲôӿȥûʲô£ضѾˣ˶Էʴֻƾһкͷǿнѹס˶ѣȥվǰ취
Щֵǣɽ֮Уа֮ˣ־ʲôˣΪҪΪǱʲô
ʱҲò²⣬΢΢һЩήɵĻ»ָ
һɫʣѩ·ɾһ㵭ɴʹҹ֮УϰȻ
ӵ޹ƻΨе¹⣬͸Уʱӵɫȥܲá
ͷѾһܺ飬ɫҲЩףҲֻһᱡСѣʱѱ亹ʪϣ¹£ܿһ˿˿֡
ȷ²⣬˵ʴѰ֮ˣ֧ŲסȴƾһУǿнѹȥվǳ֮ơ
飬ʱҲˮ֪ùȵĵ֪ҡ

ʱ䣬һֱĹȣҲδȥֻǵʱǱκе֮ߣܽ
ֱʱ棬źȻжȴǹȿڴۼ˲ɽߡ
ЩڣΪ׵ģߣȥʮָǿŹֻЩѾˡ
Ⱥˣôȣ
ʱȥٸӣȻƾ⼸ٸӣȴסЩˣֻΪһ׷ԲԣźľȵҵȲ޶⣬ֻǽ£Ҫӣλ󷨴򿪰ɣ
ЩڣȻ߲ƣȵĵӣȴҲ򶨣Ͼô˸ôȣд󣬱ǴҲֲźá
һͷŮڹбչˡͣҿλʲô£Ǹգ
ʱһ˵Ȼ£иĵòǣӲаɣֻˣڹ
ʲôǶȿԲ¶ȣȰһ䣬ϸޣޣʶĿ
ȺԴȵߣȵĵӣԵ˿Ϊٸߣϸޣ֮ϣŮ۵ĵطо±ߵ˿Ұġ
ȺСƤѲɽطҿǲײĲᣡ
ͻȻ䣬ʮӿʱִһŮ룡
ˮʦ𣡡
ˮˣ˿ˣֻˮһѣƮƮ˹ȿڴɫ䵭˵λĪǲ֪ʦǺεݣҲͼģٸڵ֣ݹֲ
ӱɽ֮ˣǰŮ۴ɼģڹǧ꣬˵һȹ㲻ʲôŮյڴ˵ģǾͲһˡ
ˣȻӵΣӱʵҲϹв󣬰˵Щ˲ȴ֪ô޿һ


1327 Ե
˫ڹȿڸˮô˵Ⱥˣȥˡ
ΪߣһɫѣһɫľȣߵߣߵϢұߵģǸձҲŸľȣֻûߵϴż֮ɫ
ʱߵǰһˮӵˮ£ҵȽǰڴ˶䣬ҿ㻹ǣʦгɣ£
ǡ
ˮЦһ˵˵ʦǺεݣҪǽˣҪһˣҪһǡôҿϲĵģѲɻ̰ʦ岻ɣȤȤҪɽĻ֪оθ롣
㡭ҪʦʲôˣЩͽһ㣡
ˮ˵ʦ̰Ӷ˺Щͽܿǳסˡ
иߣ߻һЩɽߣм꿴ȥҲǳ˴˶һۣȥˮ磬һɾٲɱҵȴˡ
Ŵһ߹вӿˮʱɫһһɽǽ촳һԿ
ߣ
һߵҪȣǻʹˣ

ۼȺ˵Ҫȣɾ棬ֳ˲ٵӣ׷׳ֽ䱸š
ȿڸԽԽ֣Ⱥ˵㴳֮ʱڴһŮˮ£°ɡ
ڵӾһϳˡ
ֻɾ棬̤ջһѣٻУԵȻ
ֻƮƮڹȿڸĻһߵ棬һֻʵָϣȥ˶ǡ
һ̣в˶óˣһʱԼʲôġ
ʦ塭
ˮǻ֪֮ǰֻʦʱɫЩãѵգѾû

΢΢˵ͷԾɾȥصһ徲֪λգιʻҹ
ԣ˷Żع֮ǰֵôĳˣһȴưһ㣬ɷ£׿˵ˡ
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˻عͷձ߿ڵ˵ǰȥͨȣǸɽƻķߣô
ЩͳɳƣȥҲ·һ㣬ӣʼɫˮʱˣֻҵֻ·ͨȣںȥҲ֪
Ǻǡ
һ˵ЦһӣµҲװͿˣھУҵȽȥѰһ
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Ŀһ˵ӣҵȽˣҲΪѣֻǴӷˡôЩ̫ʰɣ
˵˴˻ֽŵϾҲɽˣٷ˼֮ˣ˵ӼҲǴӷģԶ֮飿
ʱɾ棬һʯ֮΢΢һԭӣǴ˼ߣɽ磬ȴ˸ߵݡ
޲ҲɻôȻ˵˲ҹУλɽѣһҲ֮ףȥұ㵱λմδҵ
ӣҵȲΪУǿŮ۵ķϣ˿˵ף㵱Ҳֻһ鷲˶ѣʲô£ҵǰ˵ֻ
ʱӼվ˳۱ֵĻ֮ϣԼöԷôǷӡ
Ȼɫˮ˿ȥǶλǷҪһû£
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ߵĵӣЩɽߣֶԸӣЩв޲һ䣬ѵΪһ
Ƭ֮߹ЩвӣһսˣӡȴأԲңԵ࣬һЩͨδóѾƵ˲ȥˡ
ʱɾ棬ҲעĿؿţȻӵкøߣƺΪˣĶ֣ѵѾ̤߾
߾Ϊɲܹȵģһ뵽ʲôԣϷʴտȥôûˣܡ


1328 
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һ촫ֻһƷȥƽؾǧˣߣ˳ȥ
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Щ죬ȻĹûгӣѾʮˣҲ֪Σ˵в˶ס
ҲܵõɽѾԽԽ棬ͨ٣Ľ
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УһҪ취ȥ
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ˮЩǸо֣Խ͵͵ˣʦѵȫгȥٻߣ⼸죬տյһӰҲ
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ӵ£֪ض鷳ǰֻǵһˣ˶ãеڶ˳֡
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ŴԣˮӸǻһ˻
ǰʱʦΪ˶ԸЩˣǷģǿнѹȥЩ˿һҲ͸ˣи˳֣ǵʱô죿
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1329 
а취
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˫ָ󣬵˼ĳڳȥˣҲðɡ

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ֻϣʼ޲Զˮȴɫ΢΢һ䣬ȥѵʦ嵱ΣϷȥôΪʲô
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1330 ֹ
һ˷֮ҹȥϢĲӵĹ棬ʱ棬Щ谵һЩɢ΢⣬ȻʹܹһС
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ֻǴ˿̣ʲô
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㡭
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ˮʱŷӦղűʦѨʱҪȥʱͻȻһȣң

ˮӱһδʦµӣһʱԭأ֪Ǻˡ
üͷ壬Ծ忪Ѩ˳תתȻ޷ӵķӡֻԱߵˮӴȥ⿪ҵѨʦѾ߻ħˣ־ǲ壬㲻Ļٳٻ̣ǣ
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ˮɫɷףǲ֪˭ˣٴȥ㻹ʲô

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1331 ߻ħ
ʦѾ߻ħˣûУ
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һˮӷĲ£͵͵˽ֻѾڹУص档
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ˮӶʱɫһף׺䶥һ㣬Բؿ岻ϲʦħʦħܣ޿ܣ


1332 ս
Сһ㡭
֮ǰһ㣬ֻΪҪôĶҪô߻ħˡ
һ㣬ӲиԱɽ˶ҪԽˣһ߻ħĻԽ޷ͷ
һѰŵӣıͺǳһ;УаħҲ
һıʮָߣһħǼΪħҲԻͷ֮ǣħ֮ǰжħ֮ħľжء
ӵıʮָһħĻ޷󡭡ԽߣħԽ
һɲǣԺͻȻʯһϻ仰ԽߣħԽԽߣħԽ
ˣħˣǵˣħˡ
ôˣ
ԱˮӼȻɫ쳣һҲŽʵ
ûûʲô
عϾһ亹ΪθղţԼԺֵһͷ
һ̣˵ڻȪŵ棬ǲյĵصǸħѾǵԼħ
뿪ǰħһħ֮ʶħ֮ʶʵ֮Ըߡļ֮ˡ
û£
ˮ˿飬ԽԽţʱ˿̣İֻ˵ĽŲص
û¡
˵䣬ص棬һЩֻǵ棬ȴǿտյģһӰ
ô£ʦأ
üһһ̣յøˣɽЩʱգ˽Źʹϴȥͨȣ·ûš
ңҲ֪
ˮӶͷȫ亹Ѿһ˵ص֮ǰʦģôôˡ
صܴ棬ֻеһ⣬֪ӺδϮǶ϶ĵˮ֪
ոաոʦ
ˮ֮ǰ˹ĵط⸽ȻһЩֻѾֻܵһԪЩ޷ʴ
ţ
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ʦʦ塭
ˮӵʱһ˲׹ǱĵؽѣֻеһⲻϮ
ֻصſڣӲ֪ʱվʶûܲ
ġ
һ˲䣬Ӧ˹ˮӴȥڿѾǰǸʦˡ
ʦʦ塭
ˮɫɷףһصʦ壬ȷʵһָоǰˣѾǰʦˡ
ܴʱӵģǰûʲô仯ϵûˣüĵĺӡҲʧˣȫħӣǰ񣬾䣬ɱ֮У·ħԨ
ô죿
һʱ֮䣬ˮҲòˣֻȥһ
֪ΪΣǰλСʱ򣬾һֱչʦ壬ȴİӡ
ضħģֻǽʱѹȥ˶ѣգҪôĶҪôħڣֻ취ס
ħġ
һħģҪסˮӸһʦôߵĵУƾǶˣôס
ĻΪβ𡣡
䣬ԽԽˣ飬Ȼ򶨣˵ӣѾƳˣ
ţ
һۣصڲӦĵ𣿡˴ˮȥ˪Ŀ⣺㽫ųġ
ʦ塭
⺮ĿһˮӸǻһĪһɵ֮
Ҫš
ȥʦߣղΪѹضĹأŻ
ձԽԽţصҲʱ˿̣ƽܵõӿֲΪղŵĻ޷Ϊ˸ˮһ裬š
ԼȴƾˣУºѶԸӡ
ţ
һɲǣƺӶ쵽뷨ʱɲһչһƷϮ飡һʱһʯ÷顣
䶨վȣϢղһ£ʱӦһƵĻֻ·ˣ
ߣ
һƣһת˲ɱϮӰһɲʧԭء
⡭
ٶȾȻ쵽ʶҲϣ
ȿ֮ʱ˲ư㣬һɲǳǰָһһָ㳯ؿڵ
飡
ָʹǧ޴ؿڣͷҲһ㣬һ󵹷˳ȥ
һȷʵͣ׻һָضش
ţ
Ŀһ˿ȻҲˣһָĳ棬δشԷ
㻹
ۼҪʩչؿڴʹˮӴȥһ
ˮʱŻعۼʦħģʱҲ˲ôˣһҧɽһյʦ幥ȥ

һȣһһɴϮȥ顱һˮ˴һ˳ȥһʯײ÷顣
ô˻ᣬٻ˲佫ʮر｣ʩչ˳ȥص֮УʱңӰص͵سӹȥ
ߡ
һָһһƬӰɳصĽӰȫֵ档
ͬʱּ˸ϵԪ֮Ȼɫ˲۳һɫĵӡ͵س˹
ߣˮӼʦ徹óˡ֮ӡһʦ塭ס֣㲻һֱڱ𣡡
Ȼʱʧκһ֮ӡ͵سȥ
һɲǣǸܵ⡰֮ӡĿֲףҲҪ֮ӡ͸
һ˲䣬ڵʮȻӿһ⻤ܡ
飡
һֱӱ֮ӡ飬ţڶ㣬㣬Ĳ㡭ʮ֮ӡˡ
ҲƵòȥһȫƣƾĿǰΪǼµħֵס֮ӡϾľ֮һ
ܿ죬ֻʣԥתһɲǣвħӿȥʱصһӵĹ֮ӡҲڰͣһ¡

ȻȴʱͻȻһƺߣţüľһƺ󴦣ҲһԼĪֳĺ˸š


1333 
ʬħ
û뵽תҪס֮ӡȴûϵʬħԼԼˡ
ǰʱʬħ磬ȥԼ֣ȵ֮ʱʬħ׳֮ա
ţ
ȻҲʲô쳣һߣˮһǡѵħôܡ
㻹ʲô
һǿڵĺѹסʬħһӵĹ֮ӡţͬʱˮӴȥһ
ˮʱŷӦʱʦˣǴûᡭ
˼ˣٲԥһ˲ɳһ⣬һ´Ӻ泯Ӳȥ
ţ
üһȻ˲ˣһ̫죬Ӧʱѱǵסԭȴ֮ǰסġ
ʦ塭ˡ
ˮһľţŴʱסӣҲζӳ¡
ȻһֱƺΪʦ壬ǴСǰѶԷʦһ㾴ء
ΪʦСʱͳ⣬ӽģһ
ˮ¡󵨣
ӣסҲٶ÷ˣˮӴʱ֮ɫʦ塭Բ𡭡

ͻȻ䣬üĳһӡһɺҲ͸˳䣬Ҫʴһ㣡
⡭
һ˲䣬ˮӾͬʱȥȻ˷ȥʱȫһصʱһά֣Ȼѱ
飡
һ죬˱ɷһ𣬾󵹷˳ȥ
ˮз壬һбҲͣҸղýԶûʲô󰭣ýϽⷨһ壬Ҳûֵ֮ܵ󣬶ʱһѪӿ
һ
ˮӼˣһ

δվȣһѪӿӵķ֮ǿôֵһЩɽȽ뷨ֻܵһ롣
ҲҺ׵һ뷨ƾĿǰΪڸղôһ֮£ضѣȫϡ
ߡƾǣҲסң
һɲǣȫħһ㣬һɺϴӿ
һĻˮѱɫһ̣ȴȻԾ˫ֽ˸ӡһ³ӷȥ
ǲˮӻ޷ȴ˿壬һ˲ɵǰ֮ӡķĵӡһɲǱüĴȥ

ӷһȣʱеһɰɽķӿʱȴѾ˲ô࣬еӡϱãһһ㣬ϵĺѹȥ
ʬħѹѹô
һǵӡǲȫɢˣһ̣Ҳʧȥ˷һһȥ
ʦ壡
ԶˮӾѹһ˲˹ȥӷסˣͬʱȥӴʱȻԹȥ

Ĺ󣬴ʱҲеһͷĿѣԶʤˣֻ֧Ųס
½ϻմѪˮһʱֳ⡣
ˡ
˲ǵѪϥ£˹ϢղűˣִĹһʱƬֻ̣Իָ
ڣӻԹȥˣһʵ鷳ڹ˲øԼˣӽƳ
Ҳû뵽˵Ȼħʲôˣɽ֮Уа֮ˡ
ô죿ˮ̧ͷڣܿϵĲ԰ףжܵĺ顣
ǹȻڡ
һ˵ţһ˹ָӾϣ̽һ˵Ƴ⣬ȻΣգڣ˹ȥǾһ
ǣô졭
ˮɫ԰ףһ̾˵ҲЩֻ֤һܳɣǰУڡ˴ȥһ֮ɫ
ˮӼԼĬĬͷȥǰѡĻҲͲˡ
ˡ
üͷһ壬ŻԲѵӵһ̣һΣգȥĹұ
ԣˮ㶣˵󡭡ڴ򲻿ˣʦʩ˷ֻܴ򿪡
ˡ
̧̧֣Ҳûָˮܹ󷨴򿪣ֻȽӾȹ˵
ؾܻܲҪ˰ɣ
㡭ʲô
Ȼȥʦѣˮһæʦӱסˣؿʲô
üΪܼԲע⣬ԼҲҪɡ
ɣǡ
ˮӽҧ촽ԭɷױӣһ̣Щ̣˫֣ǽӡ
ôȥһΣա
ǣǲС㣬Ȱ۾ϡ
鷳
һ˺˺һƬ䣬ס۾˵ˡ
ʦʦ壬ԣԲ𣬵ˮ£աȲѣðʦˡ
ֻˮųųģ˼ˣʮ߰Ůһ˵ţһС⿪ӵѡ
ʴӵ覣ȫ£Ҳһ˿覴
ˮӣһҲôˣֲЩʲôɣɾҪʦ£ǵĴȥɡ
һ̣֪ΪΣʦˮһԽԽңϣҲһ롣
ǿʦظʹȥƤһ£ƽԲ顣
㻹û𣿡
ãˣ
Ƿʱˮӱһæ壬Щֵֹ뷨ӵ˫磬üҿɾ㣬ʦ
鷳
˫һ죬Ƶӱϣǰǰ˳ӵƳ⣬ȴˡ
ֻܳԣܷ񽫶ԷһһԼڣһȻɡ
£Ҳûа취İ취ˣֻϣܹЩ飬ȥѰɽ¶


1334 ָ
ʱȥ죬ڵѾڣֻǵգԷδ
ֹ˼ʱɫѾЩãԵʣˮҲû뵽Ȼ޾֮ܽڣǲĿ֮
ҹʱڵѾȫϷ¹覵ļϣˮһ峺
ֻɫȴѾЩãˮӼ״ʵ㡭û°ɣ
û¡
ϰߣ˵Ȼƾ췽ҹ̷ֻǰʱˣֻǼ򵥵һ£Ĺ죬ûͣ
ڣЩ֧Ųסˣһľĵطú˹˵ҪĹȵϢһ£Ѿûˣڴţǣ⡭
˴ּͣͣ߻ħֻܲԵʣҲķйء
˵ʲôʦ
ˮϣһ˿֮ɫȥĿǰʦϣԺǰʦǱµģ
š
˵ͷٶԣˣڴˣúÿ°ɣգӦǲܿξܹ֪һξǴɣв˾СһЩ
˵ֱ꣬ͣȥˣֱĽŲԶȥȫʧ֮ʱˮӲعͷľصҲֻϵĵ㡣
ʦΪλ߻ħ
ʱûʦôߵĵУʦ˼ߣĵģɽöɡɾҪߣΪʲôһΣ߻ħ
ˮӰ˼⣬ԽԽԺʱ¹ŨӾϣһıɴ
֮ǰڣˮлãʦһңоЩ֣ʦ㲻ŴƵģ֪ΪأǿЩѴðɡ
£СӵѴϣһʯϣŸղĻܿʦξ֪һ
ʱ˿̣ˮЩԥ̽ξһʮΣ֮£ǵ֮ʱˡ
Ϊ֮˵ξͨ˯֮ξ֮˵ξǳ棬ͬʱҲʵķ
ñһʵαװɸݣξһٲˣһ˿ξҲһΣյ顣
ԵԸ֮ˣԼξһһļؽ֮£ܱⱻ˿ӡ
ΪξһУʵģƭκˣûԸ⣬Լξ˿
˿̣ˮüĽ֮ʱԲҶξͷһΣӺò׻˯ȥˣԣһٺòĻᡣ
ҪҪһʦξأ
ʵˮҲܺ棬ʱʼղ²ʦʲôͬʱме棬Щʦ飬Լ˼֮£ֲֻᡣ

ĵѰһΪĵط¹ܣһصİ˪
Ҳ֮˼뿪ӵؾͬʱиԭ򣬱ڵʬħ
ǰӶ֮ʱڵʬħֲһ̣Ժǿѹȥ
һԤУɽĴƻҲͰˣ˲ڵʬħܻǳأʬħ£ɽκ֪
ҹԽԽϥĿ˼죬ֻΣҪǣҪ취׽ʬħѹסʬħϢ¶
ɽĿǰ򵥣µħԼԼѾ¶ЩʬħǾԲܱ¶ġ

ֹʱ䣬һգĵﾲĵϢ죬ˮҲδ֪ǷѾ
ʱ˹ʬħϢѹȥ֮ʱɾ棬Ȼִһ춯
ԽԽƺˣǰһӰ
ȥᣬûãԽԽ󣬷·ߴ󳳴һķңֻ޲̻µħȥЩɱһɶ
Ȼǲģ˲֪ã𽥰ʱҲӦˣӳȥˣѾûˡ
һˣڣ˽˱Ҫ̤ƽȡ
ҲûпûɣҲй˼ɣգһˣΪ棬شһնһۣһĶӣˣҲ˲̶ͬȵˡ
ٸ£ģ
ƽɫһҲʮֿµģʣµˣĶӣټ¡
ָֻӳּأӦʱסȺˡ
ڶ죬ڵĵȣһİٻȹȹڵϣʹȥһ϶ˡ
գҲʬħȫѹȥˣȥûκεĽŲ𣬵ӣտѾȻˣ
ȿڴ濴˿ʵܽ𣿡
ĵطҪĳѵֹ𣿡
Ǳ˹ʱվڹӣϵƣѾȬˣѰ֮ˣʹȥˣҲҪ²ȫָȻָ˿졣
ˮ˵ƺ㡣
˽Ȼ飬ļѾģˣʲôһȴǼǵ÷ǳ
ԼԼӶԷϸܵһʮصħʶտȥʲô¶ûзô£
˵ĳҪлӵˡ
һ˵ţһ˹濴ȥˣһΣҾһΣڻǷˣĹ򿪣ҪˣӴ˲
վԭأδ˵òŵû˵Ҫߡ
˵ʲô
תȥһ±Щˣ߻ħðΣվ㣬ѾôھҪӲţˣ
ӽ˫ָԶɽ࣬죬˵ңҴû˵Ҫ뿪˵ˡ
˴عͷɽطҪ档ڴ˾꣬˼ʮ꣬ʮ꣬˼ꡭ²㣬춼Ҫȥ֪жȴ𣿡


1335 
һ˵ãûаַ֮ɾȷʵãɽطҪŨ档
ڴ˾꣬ΪȻܹͻƣδ뻹˼Բѣ޷Ҫ콫ɽ¶ȥ
һΣɽ¶ɣܴʧᣬһʧεĻᣬҲûκλˡ
ҳȥ
һΣ̬ʮּΣǸӷҲҪȥ
ϴΣѾֹȥһˣܵõԽԽŨɽвɽˣɽ¶ؽһ֮۶ɣٵȥˡ
㲻뿪
ƽƽƺûκأüһΪʲô
ûΪʲô
ҡҡͷúɣÿվȴΪͻ֮ʱ޳֮ʱԿȥ
ڸ˵Ц𣿡
Ϊ˶ô޳ɣˣ˶ɽ粻ͺˣ
һˣڴ˾ҲãճҲã֮㶼ȥ
ӵ˵ţִȡһֻССƿǵ꣬Ů۴ҵġ¶Чұˣ಻÷ã㣬ȥɡ
˵꣬ƿĵȥˣ߬ľ¶̧ͷȵȣ
ĻͲҪȥǺúڴˣô˴ɽ֮У谭ʱ֣֮ᷢͬУĶ֣ʹʶ£Ҳǲɡ
ͣ΢΢תͷ˵֮ⷬ󣬱ּȥнԶʧӰ

ֹһµʱ䣬һδţÿֻҪӲעʱȥϸ̽
ȷʵǴϹʱڼɽŮƺҲʩ
񣬼ʮ񣬿ҪǿƴҲܣǶöµħδܹƿ
ΨҳȫڣܹƳһȻꡱȥ
һ˪ֳÿ±չǼ죬͵͵棬ܷҳһš
ҪĻҲ򲻹ӣˣҲκֻҪҵһ˿϶ƾŶ󷨵񣬽֮򿪣Ȼ˳ߡ
ҹ֮ʱӿ죬˪ϸѰţʲôʱվҲδв
ӾվҲؿ˺һϢ߹ȥ
Ѱڣһʱδ߽ӣתʱײڶԷϣȻʶԷˡ
ʲô
ӵǴ˿̵¹һһִ覣ȴ˪ĸо
Լ岻Եֱ׳ҳҲҪ𣿡
ȥ
Ӳ˵һסļ򣬱㽫ȻӥץСһĵǱ߷ȥ
ֻ֮Ǹһǧ
Ҳ˼ʲôݣʵһ㡣
ӽ׽ĵֵٲʵҾͰĵȷˣɰڴ˴ʲôÿ춼˶㡣
ƾʲôҹ
ȥǾڴ˺úȽһսʵԻȥ
΢΢תͷһۣ˵꣬ȥˣգۼ䣬ʧӰ
ʧӰָԽԽղµħúýѵһΪǵŮˡ
µħ˵ףҲԼ
ʵ˵Ҳûд㹻ǿʵᱻ㹻ǿʵֺξɽ
㹻ǿʵδ룬һһεˡ
ʵʵ
һ̣ͻȻȼһŻ棬ָȭͷһΣܵˣǿǿ⾳Ϊڣȴ˿ܲˣ
һθܵǿ⾳ص֮ǰֻ죬ۣҲΪ֮һ
ָо˵ͺһ
ΪڣΪڡô壬˰δ룬ĸĳҲˣ

һɲǣУһһȼȫԪ˲ȭͷ֮ϣʱâĿһȭŵȥ
¡
һ죬һȭԶԶԤϣص׶ʱѿʮɵֱۣ͸ɽһ㣡
Բʮǧ·Ϊ֮һ
ȻŹ󣬿һɲǣҲ͵һ𣬳Ǽ᲻ɴݵĹҲһ£Щ
ܵɽ壬мֱӴѿˣƬƬĳ̣£
ô¡
ֱþãžѹղô¡öħʱǿ
ʱɾеӶղһ¾ˣؾ棬Ǽλ˼ĳϣҲȻ˹
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Ҫɹɸղһ˲䣬ضɽҡֹɾҪһ󶼳ܲסˣϢĵǱߣ
Сӡܣ
ɫһ䣬תĵǱ߷˻ȥ


1336 ˼
صĵȣǰһĻʱƽǳˮʱҲɵñɫ
ѺۣＸʮɣطȻûʲôɴСֵģ֮ɽк֣
ֻǹɾ棬֧ţܹ˴ƻ
ļɽҲˣղǹ𵴳ȥǧǿһй֧ţֻɾڸղһ˲ˡ
ô¡
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󷨳⣿
򸽽ȥôҲ󷨳⡣
˵ǰСӣղǹܹģܹǿֱӳƹȥǲˣ
ʲôˡ
һ̣ӿĿ⣬ǳʣΪŮԶأڱչԼһξʶԼΣҪˡ
ôҲûã˵˲ҡһؿԼεֵ̯̯
ղһȭԼ֪ô£Ϊһ˲䣬ǿ
ǹǵڼԼ֪
ʦ壬ô£
ʱˮӵӹ⴫˽ȻղҲˣ˹
û¡
ܿ죬ָֻƽ˵󷨣Щɶˣղײ
ײ
ˮһ㶣˽ǰɽһĻҲ͸˾ɫôҲײɵİ
Ҹղǹôǿôײ
һղûпʲôˣ
ˮЩ⣬ȥȻ֪ıԶʤһЩ˼ߣɸղǹ֮ǿѾ˵ھžôϵ
ʱ£ĵˣв£ǿҪСĵˣȥѱ˴
ʦ壿
һ˵ˮӸüͷһ壬ԱߵӿȥƺЩģд֮ͨǱ˽
ʱ䣬ϼӷأκһ䣬ɷŹκο֮ˣá
ӻ˵ţĿ⣬ȴȻϡ
գҲˣղǹģھô£Ҳֻ²⣬޷ȷ

ֹȥʱ䣬ɽһһ棬취ȥգδܳɹ룬߰˴Σ׽˻
һգԲģӣɽ֮ſպùȥһˣҲ֪˼ˡ
ڹɽ飬ʱȻһֱɾ棬żҲӹȵĵӿе֪ɽˣֻޣϸЩطҲͬ١
ɽԽԽ棬һЩ˼䣬ʹ˼ҲͻȻʮֳ档
Ҳ֮ڣɽ¶۶ɣʱضɽķߣɽ¶ܹ±óֱӿԽ磬һ̫ʥ֮ٸߵĵģвҡ֮
ɽ磬ǷɽͻȻǿһЩڽɽռΪеɽԣһǰʧһЩĺɢɶԣȴ
ȻҲ֪ǿɽ֮£ؽɽ¶Զ⼴ɵɽ¶Ǹɢ޻ɽѾʼ
Ȼڣ֪ɽ¶ܹõʱĳ档
˿ĵü⼸Ȼһֱ취뿪ҲûϾֻ꼻һ֣ԺҲûиܵˣҲ޷ͣô¡
ɾɽǿҲͬǿҲȷԣԶʤһЩط
ЩʱĹ࣬ٱһǰսɽʱǿ̫࣬ѾܹһʥˣֻǻһԼһɽ١
Ҫʥ죬뾭ǧѡ˵ǧǿЩʵҲʮؽѣѷʥܱˡ
ʥؼӿ˴ʱ٣طĽ𽥼ʶʥȴǰࡣ
ˣҲ̤ʥģͬĥѣʥ֮ԽԽ࣬Ҳ֮»ҷģֻ߶ɽʧܣֻء
֣֮һ˵ڹɾ꣬ôһ̤ʥֻټˣȥԣܷ뿪ɾ
һȻ˪ɽﺮϮȥȫϢƿСĵ档
֣𼸸ǰҪ࣬ȻвԭԹɾϤòϤˣġСŮǡƽԡˮɺ֪ôߡ
ԽɽȣһĹǰЩգȺ˵㣬Ҳ죬ҵš
Ѱ󷨣ֻҵһţ֮ܽ򿪣󲢷Ѱ󷨣ʹҵһţҲ޷֤һܹ򿪣ֻвϵĳԡ
һֱҹ֮ʱϡϮڲϵسԣֱһŲ
͵棬Ҫ뿪𣿡
ӣֳ󣬷·ôϢС㲻Էʶ
ҲתȥһοҲǰ㣬ɫú棬ҲȷһΣұ뿪
˫ַУţߣղҳţ˵֪ܹжٴ𣿡
ӼڣദţһҳʮһҲǧദҪʮʱ䣬ҳеڣڼŲ˱仯Ҫ
˴ת֪˵ʲô𣿡
գͻȻЩ䣬ãŻĸ֣Ҫȥ
С
ҡҡͷ
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ңҪȥġ
ҡҪȥ
УøңҪȥġ
Ҫȥȥȥȥȥ
صһ򲻰ЦʱǱЦˣ˵֪ңʲô𣿾һĵܵܡ
ֻһȥ
ž
Ŀˣһǰȥӵȥģǰû·ˣ¡
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Թվں棬ҡҡͷһµĵܵܣ֪棬жΣ𡭡
֮ʣ֪Ȼһ𵴣һɾҡ
ô£
üһһ¾Ͳˣ𵴣ʮֹ죡
һ˲䣬Ҳͣһ±ʮأ𵴣ֻǹɾ𵴣ɽ硭ɽ綼ˣ
𵴵Դͷƺ˼䣡


1337 ֮Ԩ
춯Ǵ˼䴫
Ӷһۣ漴չɽȥˡ
ϱߣֻвٹȵĵӶʧ룬棬ˮά򣬴˿̿Զʦ˹ʦ塭ô£
ȥ濴ˮ£ĵȡ
˫üһ˵꣬չȿڵķȥ
Ҫ׷ȥˮȴһ½ȵȡʦ岻ȥģ˰ɡ
գʧӰüҲԽԽô£춯Ǵ˼䴫ģѵ˼ʲôԼ뿪һѡ
ǿ䱸Ҫң
ˮĵӴȥһƬ֮󣬲Żع߰ɣȻĵȡ
գǻصĵȣֻһ·ϣ˼һԵˮӼ˼Ҳȥš
һղͻ춯ֵֹͣ峿ʱӲŴ
ˣˮȥʦ壬鵽ʲô𣿡
ˮӲ˼ߣǸӦ춯Ǵ˼䴫ģɽ٣Ϊղŵ춯ɽ١
һɽߣΪֻٵԵʣʲôԭ򣬼ʹӺʱҲ޷϶ֻܲ²⣬Ҳ˼䣬ԭ
鵽춯ںδô
Ҳ˹ȥӿһҡͷ˵вɽ٣Ҳֻɽȶѡ
֪ˡ
һɲǣȻЩϵķâһضϡ
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һ˵ţһ߲ҡͷɫô£ôȥĻʦȻֻùˣʱﶼȥˡ
˵󣬼ʦѾȥˣֿҪȻҴȥŮתתǱ߾¿ɺˣ͵ɢɢĺˡ
û飬߰ɡ
һЩ΢΢ɫ±ߵȥӲ뿪ȣҪ취뿪ǡ

ֹһ£һɽʱ춯֣ھʲôԭģҲ˵ɽ٣ɽͻȻǿ࣬Ѳ˹ϵ
˼䣬һ£һ֮£ֻ񷶥֮ϣһѺۣѺ棬һƬڣû֪ʲô
ΪͻȻֵһѺۣһ˼е̻̲
û֪ʲôҲû֪ʲôʱ˼ģһ£ֵġ
ʱѺۻֻһڵ㣬ע⵽ɲһ£ԨһȥһϵԨһƬס
ѺۣǳԨ֮Ըе־壬ĵδ֪Ϊ֪ԨγɵģҲ֪澿ʲôԲŻе־塣
һǷʷҲҲκصļأΨһƵļأϹʱڣݣŮɫʯ졣
¿ϵѺۣѺۣھʲô֪
۴˼ĸطܹѺۣ澳Ԫ򡢶½ɱžܹؿ絹Ԩ
һ˼Ը£ǼԦɽƾһߵУҪɵԨȥ
Ȼٿٶȣ۷ɵٸߣԨľ룬ʼûиı䣬һûκϵȥ

ʦ㣬ǵѺۣʲôѽΪʲôȥôˮЩ¡
˿ţˮǧѵ䣬ϵǵѺۣȥɽϿһʮֽ
ҲֻǿȥʮֽͬǴɽҲ޷ɵȥ۷ɶߣԨľ룬ʼն
ʱǧҲһţһ·ϵԨòŵ֮Ԩ
֮Ԩ
ˮ㶵ǵѺۣʦ㣬ʲô֮Ԩǰôûʦ˵
ǧüһѺۣ˵֮Ԩĺ棬졭
졭
֣ˮССӣԲһ£ɫҲЩɷףǧѵ䣬˵棬Ща֮𡭡
ǧһû˵
ʱϣ˵λϽڣȻգйǵѺ۵顣
λʦܣʦãο
ʱڵף뷢ףϢһɲ⣬±ǹɽһЩνɣҲδؼ֮ߡ
˵˺һż໹濪ڵǰ˼µķӡѾɶˣ˼Ѿã֮ԨڼʮǰѾֻ֣һֱֱڣɽ˼ʧ⣬֮Ԩɢȥһ֮Ԩֳˡ
ҿ໹ʦ˵úеʦΪأʱҲ۰룬ŵ˵ͷ
š
΢΢ף˵죬硯ֻħϡ̰Թޣ۶ɵһ硣
˴ͣһ˵ݻʵǼǿ죬ųǧΪݣֱ޵塢̨̰աħ֮Ԩ֮š
֮󣬵ϼ˶˳˼ãϲֿڵ˼Ѿãһǳɹ֮Ԩͨʱûֹܹ˼䣬˼䣬ؽͿ̿
üϽŵڣĿǰǶǻһ֪Ƕ˼ȴָơ

Ԩֵ֮ǰǱ취һ˿ͨǱ˼䣬ڵ˼䣬ضˣһɣٶǰǴħҲ˰ıǵĿģҪ˼ʹ˼ߣ֮С
Ŀһȥ˵Ԩʦֵ˼ħ棬ˣ
͸˼֮УҲδûǵˣֻ֮ȷҵܹµ
ʱ໹ٴοڣһڣ⼸λ϶ȥüʦ仰ʲô˼Ī˵ŵУҲпܴˡ
˿̣һƬţ˵֮УȻݵλߣ޷˼ơ
ϺͲˣ뵽ģȴǵѳ飬ѵ飬찲˼ˣ
ȻǾΪ찲˼ˣôȴ֪޷ҲֻСʱӰˣң˻δǸŮ;˶ѡ
ʱ໹Ҳû˵˭ֻȥʦãΪΣ


1338 Ⱦ
ڵϣʼնδ˵һ仰ֱʱ໹żῪڵһ£Ҳڿǣ֮䣬Ż֮ò롣
ţʦ˵
ֻϲͷƽһϣټ˿ͶԷ
һּ˿ȥʦ֣Ҿʦøղ˵úе¸ɣģΪףֻ֮ǵգȴʵ
˵˴ֽͣͣŵһΣڸгףΪԪŵأ֮ףһҲʹ֮䣬ңЭС
ȥʵʦãΣ
ʵղǾ仰ֻ˵ò룬֦ͬȴҶᣬδ˵Ҫ֮ġ
ʱϿ˵񷴵ųˡ
˿̣Ӧ֮ϣȴ˳˼ȥ˵ˣֻһֱδпڶѡ
գλټֻһ£ϼòɫ˵롣
ʱüϿڵףطȱȻǵһԵģۺţҲȻҪһ㣬š

ԨϽӹŶ࣬ȻʱףֻŻô˴£Ļ죬Ԫŵظ
š
֮ϣأףЩ಻׵ĻԪŵأһɢɳ
ţ˵ףҲֻǸ֯һһҲ
˼ôȴûһ䣬ҪԿ죬ûκοܡ
ڵĬ֮ʱ໹Ȼڵ֮˼Ȼһɢɳ죬δؼǾŽˡ
ʦܣ仰˵
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Ԩϵͷʦ˵ò˼δ֮֮
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һʧƼüԽԽɽȥˡ
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һ±ȥȺף֮Уûһ䣬ԶԿǿУԶԿ졣

˴һ̾Ϣ˵ߣطʦ֣ŰŽĪҪɺ쳾֮СʧҰ
ʦˡ
תһ̵Ŀ⣬·һ˿ƫִֵʦ뿪֮ʱ˵źģδܿ𣬶һֱûĻҪ࣬ػջԻ͡
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˿ƫִȥӰϺɫҹɫ֮У·һ̾Ϣ
Թħ;һ;ƫƫħ޴ڣĶħħԣǧʮһָһ٣ؽ޷԰Σ

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ʦ壬ô죿Щ˵ɽ͸ֻ·Ⱦɾ
ȿֻ֮ˮӴӣھ͸ɽ
һɽȻǶˣɽ٣ʱʱؾ䷢ɽҲǿࡣ
ɽӦĲŶԣɲ֪ΪΣһЩɽǱȾһûǣĴ
ȵʮִһЩǵɽؽǴֻõӲϾ͸ȥվǰ취նԴͷС
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ȻЩǵضɽˣֻй߲С
ˮ£ȥ棬жЩġ
á
ˮҲԥȥжЩܺùЩ͸
ʱֹȥһ£һÿ춼вٹȵĵӳȥжЩ˵͸Ⱦ˹ȵ
ҲдˣɽԽԽǿоõɽ¶ؽ۶ɣΣҲ취뿪ˡ
죬պÿ±չǼգˮҲȥ棬ˮӻ֮ǰ뿪
ڹȺ棬һȣʮʺʮŨںԡȹΪСŮƽʱԡˮĵط
͵͵˴ԶԶŮǵЦֻ֣ԼԼɼʮŮںˮ֡
һһεˮǷӿһĻֻǱεͷĿѣֲǷӣһ·Ͻˣ˳˼ֻ¹ˣŮǷ·ĵط÷ӡ


1339 
Ƭ̣Ůˮ߳ϵðȴƼֻɫ¹ڸ߶ǵ棬÷ӡ
߿߿Ⱥ¹ˡ
ᣬ㿴Щ¹ְǵ·ˡ
ѽǣǿҵ𣿸ոͷģôˣǰѽ
ףҵ·ҲҳˣǸղЩ¹
ҵ·ˣôȥѽֻ¹·ˣᡣ
ۣûӣҪȻþôȥˡ
ĳɰһñĽÿˣ࣬˰˲ˣǻǿ⸽·ɣǻ¹·ȥˡ

˵֮һ·ϽĵգҺøղһ·ûˣҪȻȥȥ͵Ůѡޣ˵£͵أǽ衣
֮·õˣٵˣҪˮӻ֮ǰϽȥ
֮Ǵδѧ·׼ȿЩŮΣֻԻûһ¼ɣǷǿ֮ˣҲԿ
һʱѾϣ磬аٶҪжҪУҲʲô¡
ʱ˳֧棬ȵĹʩ˷Ҫǿǲܵģֻˡ
˹ȿڴмعȵȷ֮󣬷һ˿󷨷϶ʮ˳ȥ
Ҳǵû˿ţҵǣ˳ˣڵΧʱܱ¶ݣɣ취һȥ𴦡
ǰץס˻ᣬƬ̣ȥǱжΪɣѸԶˡ
ڣЩ˵ˣһۣڱչأضѾˣ²˶뿪
£չɲһ·ǰȥĺɫʱ֣ͣ£ԭӡ
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οǷһסĿǰΪ޷忪ڣҹ̣뿪ϸޣص˵
֪ޱضΣأв˶ȥоݵѾʣˣһУССģɽ¶δҵȴɽȺ
˵Ŷµħ׶ˣ̼ǵǴͨȣһӼԶ֮شʶȻеЩѹ֡
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һεĹɽ֮䣬ûκֹܹ֮ԻɽǴ޿ʼȥģôɽ¶пܻĳطۡ
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İ£ʮСģߵģȻһϣӲĿʾˡ
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˶Ĺɽ磬ΪһͷѪҲˣǣ
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׷һ˴ʱǰ߽һȴһ֮ϣӰ´£Լˡ
һЩȻָʲô
ЩȻͬһɵˣҲ̽ѰպڴˣһЩˣҲһŶۣ˿ģ
ʩչɵǸҲδע⣬һɽǿ࣬ɽ¶ɣ֪˶˳Ŀʾ˵ɽ߶ȥˣǿ¶Ϣ򲻻˭ע⡣
ǿķ򣬻ٲȻ򡭡
ƺ޵ķ򡣡
мվɽ۴۲ŸĹɣҲ۲죬׷죬ƺЩȥ
˵Ļɽ۶ȥôɽ¶ضĳطۡ
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ڣƫķ򣬴ȥޣǿĻҲҪ¡
ȥ֮ǰһҪŪȷɽ¶۶ɣóȻǰȥΣղ˵ʧ˵صʱ䣬ǿɲ
ȥط׷һЩɽЩǷȫ޻ȥˡ
˵Ļôȷεɽ¶۶ɣĸطҪȥ˲֪


1340 
ѾޱԵ⸽ɽվط籩ҪӴ˴СĽ
Ͼߴ⸽̫ˣŶۣȥòѱûʶ֮ˣϳ
Ļɽ紫ϢԼ·һЩر֮Ѿ˶Ϥˡ
Ƿٺ͵۹½˿ˣΨжµħ֪
ΣСĽɽ粻˼䣬ûκɽ׷ɱĻǼ鷳顣
Щ죬Ѿвɽȥޣֹɽߣд˼ߣҲѾȥˡ
˼ߣǱߣǱɽ¶ۣ·δ֪һ
һ磬ģޱԵĳɽɽڣһȽյ·ߡ
ǰһޱ޾ĹԨܵޣֻжգط籩䲻ɽ֮϶ôֲҲߡ
һһҹһ·ϣδκˣҲδܵκ˵ϢȻ˷κξ衣
ɽҪ׽ʲôоȻҲѾɾЩˣ˵ˣɾֻѾ޲ý˰ɣ
ʵ֪Ӷûκζ⣬ڹɾҲֻ뽫ѡ
һΣ޾籩޷Ҳֻǣپһѡ
СӣǰˡѰ·֮ʱԺ֮УȻ˹ħ
š
΢΢ͷȻҲѾˣڹɾ˴꣬ÿʶǹɽʱɱȡ
ڵʶǿоǿ߿⣬Ϊ̫̫߳ߣһ֮ˣЩɽ֣ӹʶ
ʱǰģʲôˣ
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ȻѾȥʱ䣬ԨУȻΣգԲע⣬㱻ɽѺ۵УԹɽߣһ㶼ߡ
ſׯߣƫҪһĴ˵յصģôֻһǺһˡ
ͨղһʶѾԼܵˣǿһλΪɽ֡
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ֲɽˣҲҪõϹ飬飬ʲôо޳ͨĻ޷롣
һ㣬˲⾳㡰Ҿ仹δȫ򣬽һ㳹ڻͨѾǿ⾳
ڣɽЩνǿߣ⾳ҲԶҪƾʶ⾳췽ҹ̷ˡ
Դǰǿ⾳֮䣬κνǿߣҲֻǡˡˡ
ٱκסʱǰǸˣȻΪ壬κѹӲǰһΪԶʤǰϢ֮С
ʱһǰȥ޾Է⣬иԭ򣬱Ǹղʶ̽ʱԷΪȻҲˡ
ʱתĻöԷ޼ɵôȥĻԷʵȻҲĴֹ˼ɡ
ȥǰԨȺʱܵһɺɱ⣬֮УԼԼһѪ֮
ݣ
ֻһѽâɽʱֽһѪ̶Ƭ̼䣬Χ۵˵ʮɽ֣ȴȫǰѽâɽ֮£ԪҲû롣
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ʣµɽߣŵĵѣɫɷףҲǰλ۵ġ
Ȼ۵޵֮ˣһҲǳϵɱ˺£
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˶ѪǼֲɴʱĵӡʱϷҽ֮Ԫܼ尾һ㣬ԨȣһʱѪɷɷʮֿ£
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۵һߣ𣡡һֵǰѽâɽٿضȥ͡һʱԪն

ʱں棬Ŀһооȥܾãʵͽֻôһգ۵Ĺѡ
ɽߣҲΪοղŲϧʲôѪȴһ¾͸ˣȷʵ
΢ղǶ˵ƺСӡ
ɽãߣܹи֮еģɾһȻҲ㣬ڵͨЩﻹ㲻ϸ֡
ڣֶһλǰӣ·ӽֵˣݲҲͲȥˡ
ѿãǳա
ʱӵ𣬶Ҳʯͷ˳ȷɣضһλĸ֡
Ǵǰһ֣ǸеϢڣȴϢĿ⣬Ԩ̶ԷҲֱ治ʵ
ʱ˿̣Ҳһ˭Ҳ˵ΪԼԼ⾳ʶѵǡܡ
һɲǣӺȻĿһ䣬ոնɽԪĽâɽݡһһֳ͵ط˹
ƱɽһɲʱȴͻȻͣһ̣ԨȣʱҲȻֹͣһ
һһεˮ飬Уһǰȥڰеˮ飬Զܿ
ٴθеһ⾳ĪǾѡϹɽ⾳
һ̣ǰ֮ˣӸǸеЩɵˣһ֣ղûмʱסɽôһ˲䣬ĿܲǶԷһּǷĸо
̤Ǵоķһָоκ˸ĸо񡭡Ϥĸо

һ죬ջ˷ɽŶͬһ۵ˣһɲǣƺֲʲôǴ˼ģԭˡ
˵أӸȷˣ˵̶£ɽƱɫˣһȻϷӣСѿһ


1341 򽣹
ǡ
ȻѾöԷ³ݣҲٿˡ
ӼҲʹ죬ȻҲٹĨǣ˵ǰСѿɲˣɽһΣĪҲȥޣ
֮£ٵĳء
˵ţ仰ȴõЩΪɽ¶ȥȥ޸ʱɽۣͲˡ
˫΢Щǰˣ˼Ƭֿ̣ڵСλȥɽҲо壬оŹСѵġ
ŲŹңȥޣǰҪ׷ɱʲôϵأ
ŴԣʱһݣСеֵΪ˳ȥޣղҴЩ˿е֪о֮䣬򽣹޵ȵıҶˡ
ˡ
תǲǰ½ͬˣһ˴˼ҲöӦ
һ̣˱˴˶ӲȻŸոʶɴʱȴղһ˵ףñʶĶˣʱȴĬ޷Źͬǿжѡ
һߣɱϾֻһˣ˵ˣһͬУôҲùһ˰ɣ
Դʱ涼ףֹǿУֻʱģҲѷǵС
ֻڴ֮ǰҪ˽һЩ飬ֽŵΪȥо𣬿ǰɣоΪҪ׷ɱǰ
оǽֻȥɽԵʣʲôҲ˵̫ˣԼ׼ɡ
ӿȻһ˿ĳޣòŵɡ
ԭˡ
һ£ˣǰӣǰиɵģֻǴźо˰ɡ
ڣ˹ͬĳˣƺһ¾ͱøĬˣȻԣо㲻ʲôˣҲ㲻ϣΪɽ¶ɽķԼȥɡ

Ѿ߳ƬԨǰǡ򽣹ءˣȻǰԶ͵ˡ
򽣹رضǲСмСģܹ˳ȥãǲܡ
ӻ˵ţ˴͸һɺɱվԱ߲޹ֵӻôصɱһɶˣûɱ
ʱ򽣹أ֪ʲôֻһɽ壬еıƽе˰ӡеıһնѡ
ЩĿĵɽ⣬ϻһѰѹŽЩ඼ѾˣϵĶϣ۵ۣȻ겻׹죬͸һɿֲĽ
һЩɽ֮ʱʱнȺٻƶһЩмߵɽߣҲ׿ĽȺű򽣹أҲǰڴ˴սһƬƬۼɡ
򽣹أ򽣹ô
ǰƲʱʱֵĽɫȺʱϦӳϼ
һ̣ҲƸĽȺ·һˣˣɽڣ治ġֻǹˣڡ
ǰһЩʱ˶ѾܹܵˣɽƷͬСɣϷɹȥײǿֲȺĻ֣Ҳ˲ҷ
ΨһͨдʱȴŲɽ֣ȥ޵ˣЩƺҪͨС
Сѿô
Ŀ΢ֻͨдԼʮţЩ˵Ϊȥߣ˼ߣڰض֮ˡ
⸽ߡ
ʶ񣬼ղһ˲䣬ˣԲ֮ڣ֡
û뵽ʶ񣬴ȹȥΨһܹͨĵط
ڣֻȳԣܷȥʵ֮ǰҲûоϰ
ڣǹؿǰɫۣһɽƲ˵ģڵλѣժ¶ۡ
ȥޣʱҪڴ̲ˡ
סͬʱһϢԼ͸ȥʱʮڴ̲һȻûϵ⾹һλɡ
˵˵
ʱһæ˳ϴЦ˸ȭЦλǰ֪ɽȶɾħԨ˻ҵȣڴһһ̲뾳֮ˣǰ¡
ߣ
һߣȻǿߵϢѹȺˣϷȥģκ˽ǲá
Ǹߣ඼̲ס˸о룬һλǿߣ޳ˡ
ʮ̲ˣڴ˿̵ӵϢ£ȻǸȻɽˣǴ˿̣޷Ҳ˼ԪӤ߶ѣʮߣһԪӤߵ·
ʱվһߣ˴ȥͬʱЦЦһ̧ǰ롣
Ȼǻǲȥһĸ֣ȻӺȥ֮ʱԶȻһ


1342 ɱ

Զ͵ӽֻͣӰһ˶ǰ
ΪôߣȥҲͽտʥӣʱȴư·Ӹһ͵ˡ
ΧˣҲȻûԭ˵½·ȴһӡӡı־оµˡ
ƣϴͨȵʱʱӿؿϵƣȴȻһɱ
ɱһţڳ棬Ȼֻܵˣˣȴ˿δвұժ¶ۡ
һֳոǱΪǰʮ̲ˣһˣһǿߣһˣôǺã
һ뷢׵ߴǰȰ֮ʱϽһĻȴڳ֮ˣ޲Ȼɫ
ֻһʱسһƥֱұ˴ȥͬһ˲䣬ҲһƳ˴ȥһƷѰ֮ƣʮƷ
飡
һƴȥʣ̤ʥ֮ˣһ˲䣬弸ȫ飬ֽšظͷ­ȫһһ飬ҷ˳ȥԪһɲ
ڱеһȻûӴеǸһ֧飬˲䣬Ҳȫûκһ˿֮ȫһ˲ѣҲ˲顣
Ѫ˳ȥ忴ＸѾһѪͷȻѣһ䵽ʱ˿ȥͻȻȥͬԪ
ѪһĻοĻˣԶڳ֮ˣһǶʱŵľѣ
ֿ̧ģû뵽һδȫȥ֮Ȼ˲һǧеʥߣ
ԭڹɾ֪˴ʱ䣬֮࣬󣬲δ˽֣˲Щ⣬ղһƾ֮
ͬʱʮ޾оΪԴɣоĹڹɽ˼󣬹ʶղֻһƣһһߡ
˵һߣߣڸղôһ֮£ûзҲǷˡ
˿̣ȻķԾʮ̲ˣһصѪģѾŵʯ
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ֻ˷ȻӰЩˣ޲̤ʥ֮ˡ
ղ͵ӳ֮ʱͷϵĶ۷ģѾˣˣȻȰѵ˳
ԭǣǵϷ򡭡
ڻµ˲䣬ǹɺĳɱһ˳ȥزܵˣԶˣܵɺµɱ
ʱҲξѣȥģ׷ѩϢ˼ߣ
˼ߣһƱɱһɽߣ޲ľǡһ
һ
ܿ죬Ҳ˳һ׷ܺãܺãԭˣߵһˡ
߻˵֮ʱԶʣһһϣͬʱǿϢʱڳһ
֪ˣӴȥһԸģϺзҡ˵꣬Ҳȵӻشˣʱķȥ
ߣһһ⣬ܿѾ̼仯ߣһ£һ£ȥƺͬʦֵܡ
ӣȻˡ
Ŀ磬ͬʱҲһӣԶ˿ߵСΪżѣôˣΪܰͻΧ
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˵棬аɡ
䣬Ŀ䣬ɱҪûǰˣ߲һ˵ĵУѵѾ
˼δֻѻâƿ磬˲䳯˹ȻΪɴʱҲҴ⣬Ѹټɽӭȥ
ٿһߣʮɽΧסʱȴ˿ţĵ㡰Ҿ棬޾κߵ塣
ʱʮɽ߼岻ס׷ʩƣΣնҪ´ˣ
á
ʮɽߵΧϾǷƵҪԣƣܹɱڼߣȻȥ֮󣬵Ⱦδ룬ȥɱѪɺӣ
һ뵽̫ӣȻһɱ֮۹½һҲһ¡
գ
һɽߣϻӶ䣬뽫ǬУȴһ˿䣬ʮƣһ˲һīɫӡһƱ㳯ȥ
һ֮ȥƼȿͣΪɴʱǸе͸
飡
һ죬ӦһīɫӡѴϣʱȫԪ
һνǧʱȴǸһĵһĲλ˲䰼ȥԱ÷飬ԪҲδ룡
һɽߣͬҲ⣬һһīɫӿ䡱һɽͷԴ÷飡

˲֣ȻЩɽ־ŭʱǼɽ׷׳ȥȻȥٶˣҲֻˡ
νˣҲˡ
䵭һɲǣת˾Ȼɣ
䣡
һ£һɽ߱÷飬Ƭ֮ǸѪһ±ߣ˵ʬ壡
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ʵǲ˼һͷѩ׷һƱɱһˣ˸ţ
һֲ̣뵽ǰǰʱ˼䲻ֻū֮ضѣūֱۣһ˺ճӴ˳׸˼ˣ
ǰˡ
ʱһɽֻۼʮɫ۵ˣЩ˲ɽߣ˼ߡ
˼ɽ籾ͲܴǰɽǼ£˼߸ܵż裬ߵ϶ŻۣЩɽϳ
ʱȴˣһ˼ߣһɱһɽߣЩ߸ϵˣʱ£˲һ
֪Ҽһģ֮һȻ
ʮ˼棬һģȥӾ˳¶⣬ʲô֮ɽҲѣ˼ʲôʱһ
֮
ʮ˶㶵ǰУˣ֮ͷ׷ѩġ֮
һֱǶΪɣˣ˼ܱȵùɽߣԼ裬Ҳֻͺǰū۷ˣȻһ
ֱʱǿЩνˣЩո߸ϵˣʱһ䡣
ֱһ̣ǲŻȻ˼δزɽ磬ҲˣΪηˣҪһĳɣ


1343 
ת˲֮䣬ΧЩɽߣѾ߰˰ˣʣµҲȻ˵ټ
Զ˶Ŀĵߣһ߻ڼҶǿߣ

Ǽ׷īۣ£صʬȻ͸˽һڴɱ˶ߣ֮£ؽɽ磡
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ȥ
˲仯һâ˹ȥһ˲䷴Ӧ˹һߣӲġ
ڲ߷һɲǣѾ˲չɲ˳ȥ
䡱һȻԭվֱһ£ǵնʮɵѺۣһЩýԶˣҲɽ󵹷˳ȥ
һ˲ʧˣһ˲䣬ֳ˺֮⣬Ϊٶ̫ˣû˿
Ŀһһɲǣɱˣϲ֪˸ʲôʱƲ㷭ӿ˷Ȼɫֱȥͼзλס޿ɱܡ
һߵĽֶΣûһ˿һĿʱ䣬һ˲չɲʤɲǼܿ˷Ľɫ
ÿٶȡ
ɽ߾һ˼Ĺѧ𣿾Ȼ
Զɽʮ˼ҲǿĿѣһֱΪֻɽĹǳŹڽģһ˼书˿ѷɫ
ֻαãĪ⣬Ƭ֮߾ȻһƬ½Ҳδţʵǽš
ȻƴϷʵȴһɲԪĹ󣬶һδεضɲԷϾǸߣʶ̫࣬һα仯ˣΣˡ
ڣ취սΪ߳˶˶󣬴ʱִܹΪף̸
ǷĻضʹɲ¶ʱ򲻵˶ԷöԷ׼϶һش
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ߣ
Ϊߣʱ۽վȣֻеһֻһݡһǰѷɽֱӴϷ˹ȥһ㣬ֻ׼㱻ɽȡˡ
ɽȷʵԪۣʹָȫƾһ֮䣬Ƿɽַ˻ϸɱ

˲ǿֵһѷɽȴֻе˫һ飬ѪǷӿֹ׻ֻһ֮£ȻشߣǵУ
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˼䣬˲乥ɲչǿ㿪һѵҪٶöµħ
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ۼԷԶˣҲû̫࣬һ˲Ҳ׷ȥ±ߣӶȴǶȻһʦܡĪȥ
Ȼȥ̫ʦֵľ棬һҲͣˣѾɵȥ
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Сӡ
ҲȻһΪСӾܿǰѱĹŽ󣿱оˣҲδؿƵ˰ʲôˡ
ֻϣ˫ָǰɽƣȻЩɽѲƲеֻʣһͺͺһ̣ЩȴƷΪһ㣡
Щֻʣ½ǰصĲнȻһӰʹ֮ȥָֻ˵һ
ȥ
ָһķɽ˲һŭһ㣬͵س±ߵ߷ȥ
ˡ
ɫһ䣬һҪߣȴѾˣ·ǶȻһʦܣ
ϧֻǽȺߣ鼱֮УæһԪȴûκá
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ˣһ˲


1344 
ʦܣ
·ĿѣȴֻţʦɥǽȺ֮£ˣˡ
ֻն󳤷ǽȺȻƷΪһ㣬ϻܡ
һĻ±ߵˣԶɽʮ˼ҲסˣһǵӰʹ򽣵ӰȻ䣬Ժֻ뵽֣ۡ
֮ǰūۣ˼֮˲Ҫ죬ֿħˮߡֱ۵Ľ٣һԪʢһУ֮ı䣬ɵ֮֮䣬Ҳʼ̰ˣĶˡ
񣬶񡭡
ƵĹɽ磬һΪܵŮĴʶΪһɾ֮
ǻһɽѹȣҲֻǰӵһ֪ж˼߱ץ
գǿЩǰ߸ϵˣֽƬһһǿߣҲˡ˭˵߲ʤɣ
ʱ±ߣּ֮࣬һѪɫӡһȴǵ㾡ȫֱͷȥ
һ̫죬ڸղŵıʹУȻʱӦ˹ȴҲѾ㿪ˡ
飡
һƴͷϣʱͷǹ飬ͷ­ǱֱӰǻѪ䣬Ѫ
ΪȻǿһƣԪȻδ𣬵Ԫӳȥһ˲䣬һ顱һߵԪֱӻΪޡ
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ǿֲȺ˶ŵæԶһˣ⽣Ⱥ˼ǣҲʵ󲻵ΪŽ
ֻƲɽϣЩȺȻӲӣĽȺ𽥱Ȼ޹⡣
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һֽȺҲǻԵ²ԥһӣΧĲƹŽʱСǬС
ߡ
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ʵоΪУҲ֪ǲܵģҪȥɽɽ¶Ȼо棬ڶԷҪסѵԴ
ɲЩ˼һϰ˳ܣʹ裬Ҳ˸ҷͲһˣ֮նݳɻǷ

Ѿޣ˴ۣΪŨʹƵУҲܿǳǳ
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вڤףȴȻֹǰ̵뺣Ѱɽ֪ϾһȴҪһԣִ֪ţǳԡ
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֪
˹ħ˵ȥ֪ħҪ˵ʲô޷Ȱͷˡ

ħһֵ̾СӣʣնȴЩ֮飬úɽ꣬ؽԽž̤̫ʥ֮ʱоҲĶ֡
ʱ˼ҲѲ׺ɣ
һǰֵɽʵ֪Ӻ͹ħϣܹնȴ쳾նЩķӸ飬һһձسɴ
ԸҲһɣʦδ롭һ޷ȴִ
һգնһִܱǣǳѷ֮Ĵˡ
ɽ磬ҪɾΪ˶ô룬ǧЩɽˣҲûлȥˣյĺɽˣѻɢ
ջĿ⣬ﲻһ֮̾ǰӦɭ飬ٶǰǵϴɽ磬Ϊɭɽ磬ɽ֮󣬼ȴҲδȥšҲѾʧɽ֮˰ɡ
һȥЩ飬˵߰ɣȥڤ
۱ôܷ


1345 ڤ
֮Ѿ⴫˵ڤĿǧȴ޷ˣȻһͼȥϱˣ۶ߣܹ˲佫뺣ס
⡭
ԼԼǸܵһ󷨽Ϣѵڤ֮£ĳϹŽ󷨣ˣضᱻ뺣ף
Сӣ֪ˣ
Ժ֮У˹ħĿԶƽĺ棬ԼԼĽϢȷʵһʮѹֵĸоѰˣܲɽϢóȻ뺣˺
ʶǰһЩܵһɿֲĽϢ컯֮Ī֮⡣
Ǵ˿̣ļᶨȴȻûиİ֣ħҪȥһԣ˵Ǻ޷֮ˣ߶סܿס
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·һ˹ִ˵겻ԥŸˣһ̼ɽǺϷȥͬʱʮҲ
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ħٴηһ棬ʱڸ߿գȻ޴ۼǾһ˲Ҫûû취ֻö˲Ǭһ˲䣬󳷻˺ϡ
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̧ͷϻ⸽ɽǷǳŨһڲɽ۶ȥ¼һʱ䣬Ҳֻˣɽ¶ض۶ɡ
ɽ¶꼻һ֣δܼʱժȡʧˣҪδ޷ˣȥڤĵɽ
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ĶҲѾǿ޾ɽκνƣڣϾֻŶԷħ
οʼյɽʲôƣƩħ֮ģԷħ̤Ƭֳ֮µħ
Ϊڤϵ޷֮˾óȻǰߣҲܶ඼û뵽ɣ޷֮ƽϢȥûκΰ취ȥĵɽ
Сӣ㵱ȥɣ
ʱħһԺû˵ֻƬɫڤ֮УȻ˻ش
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ܶöµħԼ壬ǿȥȻ֪Ľ޷Ҳֻǡѡ
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ѵҲµħ𣿷Ļɽ磬ûеʵһнϡ
а취
ɫһղŵ֮УƺˣħȻʲô취ֻһֱ˵

ħȷʵ˵Ҳȥ˵ڤȻһɽԻߡϲ֮ϣȻеġ顯ҵ飬Զ鴩ڤ֮ϵĲ޷ˡ
顭
һħôòŰⷽ³ôⶨ飬Ҳȡã鱦˵ñã

ħ˵飬ԭŶʮĿţϹħһսʹʮĿŶ飬ҲӴɢأ֮Ѱһţ޲ǳɾһҵ֮ϣôţǧз˷ȡߣǾͲö֪ˡ
á
˵ͷƽ޲ĺ濴ȥ֪ҪôˣڣȥҵʧɽߡҵĶ顣
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˵ͷΣֻȥҿˣʶܹ̽Զľ롣
ЩˣҲû̫ɵϴ򽣹أɽϵĽȺҪԸһߣҲʲô¡


1346 
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һ˵ֻ꣬˫ֲϽӡָһͷüĴȥһɲǣһʶӿɢȥ·˲䣬̽ʮľ룡
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Ѱһ֮أ鱦ǲܽ˷֣Ļض
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Сӡ콫𣡡
һɲǣħȻԺȻȴѾˣԶƿɿ֮ʱѾǰЩ˿ˡ


1347 Ƶ
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ʮɽߣһ۱㽫ŵĶ˳ʮˣȥʱ޵ʮֲһ֪εġ
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һˣܶԸôˣЩ˸һָоǱѾҪˡ
顭Ƕ飡˶飬ܽ뺣ģҵɽˡ׷׷
ʮˣһͻȻһ˫ͨ죬Ҳٶˣ׷ȥ
ˡ
ڤ֮ϣ޷ǧˣҪһ߶Щ޷֮ˣһҪܺ׷Щˡ
ЩˣʵкüΣЩķɽУҺ⺣ϵ޷ֵ֮Щ
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Ǳˡ׷
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ʱħȻԺСӣˣһŶգҪɱ㣬練ơ



1348 ɽ
ڤ֮ϣʮֺ䣬ʱգҪˮɱһգȡһŶ飬߽Ƶ˵ȥⶨ飬һѰСС⣬ɾ⣬ǰЦɡ
ˡ
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ϣȴɲʵǰʲô𣿡
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Ƶ˺ȻɫһããڤһƬСҪңЩⶨ飬ǴӺδ֣
ȷʵûǰ˵ǵҲ˵һɽ캣ϺϡͿУȻͳȥˣҵһƯںϵĴ󵺣ǴҵĶ飬ɢȥˣҲʧˡ
ΪԵʵԣɽ˳ƵǰŰɵؿȹ£û˵ѣ
ʵǰ
š
ԣƵ΢΢˵ͷ룬СΪȥƽƽ棬ֻǸղŵƷЩأܵ˶飬ȻǵҵЩʲôҪ֮ɴ
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ղǸƵˣҲֻڱΪ͵ǰʳˣһ߾ڵߣͬһɱһ˾ߣһܽΪɻңŮĴ

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°ҹʱ˺ףΧһƬڣҲʧȥ˷Уδڴ˵Ļһܹҵɽڡ
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СӣһЩɽߣΧȻϹŽơ
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ͣƲ棬ȻɽӰǷǺ¥Ҳ˵˲ܴ⡣
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ʱǰŨƿ˴ƣ˭ҲȥѵʱλͲٹĶ˰ɣֻȥɾ¶֮ʱοƵĹɽ˵ǲǡ
ɽ⣬˲µĽýλ꣬ҲûҵƳƵİ취ò׵ȵɽ󿪣ʱ򿪽ƣɽһֻҪٶϼ꣬λɻȵõʱ
ߣ˭ҪٸҾϲ⣬ҵȣݹֲ
˵ˣٹգʢ֮ʱȵʱλЭɽƿɽĽƣʱǱܽˣ¶ڳλзΣ
ǱˣֻΪ֦ӽ˭Ҳ뿪벽ɱ

Զû뵽ǰ澹ôƵһΪˣЩ˵Уиġ
ʱЩ˷ֻ֣ºϣЩ˵˼ƺҪɱҲȥɾˣȻǰ¶Ϸˡ
ֻи⣬ЩɻЩ˼ǰѾˣܲδ֪֪ɽ¶ڴ˰ɣ
ˣʲôѵɾ棬ʲô


1349 ֮
˿̣ȻɫЩ˵ʲôģ޷ʲô磬Լɾ¶żһʲô֮ġ
֮ʱֻСҽʶ̽ȥⱻЩ˲
һʱ䣬ɽѾԽԽŨˣΧҲɢȥ֮ΪⱻǰЩ˲ֻһЩ롣
֮ʱɽѾֻ֣̫󣬿ȥǰ߾һƬ½һ½֮ϣǧصֱ
ǱǴ˵֮ô
Ϣ񣬼ʹδȥҲܹܵޱŨϹ
һ֮˽룬¶ԵմϣڽȻҲǴ档
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ʱǰִԣǲֱ棬ĻҲͽȥˡ
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Ⱥ˼궼ûܹ棬һҲֻʱ䣬֮ڣδĽƣǱҪٵһӡ
ʱڰţѾɶˣڽɽ֮ܽ򿪡
ֻʮ棬ƺڸű˴ˣűʵ˹ĶǣթֲǼ궼ûܽ档
ʱʼȻһӿֻһɫӰ߷˹Ϣʱʮ˵ע⡣
֪ǰߣǺηѡ
һīǰ˳ȥȻҲܹܳ߾ĸ֡
ʥ˾ž棬һΪΪ۷֮ΪУΪо۷壻߰˾žΪ󾳡
߾Ȼֻһȴо󾳵Ĳ࣬߼ν˶߾ߣκҲСа˾Ϊ
Ǿž̫ʥ֮Ĺɽ磬Ҳ˼ǰ𣬱ѳΪ˵Ǵ˵ķ֮֮ˣǴ˵еĴ˵ˡ
Դ˿̣ʮˣҲԶˣý֮ʱֻӰһµˣĿһǴǰһŶƵˡ
ŶƵˣԭҲˡ
Ȼʮ棬˽Ƶ˳ƵˣȻҲϵǣʱֱԲصɾ֧壬ƾǣԸˣǽȥɽҲֻ˳ĴΡ
Ƶˣ仰ʲô˼
һ˵֮ʮ棬˲ˣϸ룬ԷĻȷʵЩ
ȻֻһЩ˵ɽӰ߶ǵĻƾʮˣܻӦ
ʱīֵǲ֪Ƶѣкθ߼
Ƶʱ·ϱ˴ǣʱ˵ڴ˼֪꣬ǰӣ̽ɽڴˣƻɽҲˣֻڤ޷֮ʶδ뵽
֮ʮ˾˳˼һģȥȻƵˣ˵˵ȥҲ޷ǿ¶ѣǷˣ
Ҳ
ƵȥصƶλĿĲһֻȥɾѰһ£¶ƶλᣬλɷġ
˵֮ʮ룬ӵ˵Σ
Ƶǰߣ˵֮Ѿֳ֮ڣĽƣֻֻʧڤ֮Уƶһԣ֪
Ƶˣ˵޷
š
Ƶ΢΢ף˵λЭʱ׿˽ģȽƴ˵ʹڼ䣬滹ҲλҪе⣬δرΪ¶ʱλӦ֧֮塣
Ƶѣ֮
ʱīת˵λΪΣ
Ǳˡ
һΣʱȴ˽ģҲҪٶթˣ˭Ҳȥ
ʮˣվɽƿɽĽơ
һƣ಻֪Ǻںʱ£Щɶϴʱ˾ɽܿ죬ǽҡҡ׹Ѻˡ
ʼղԶûҲźЩһΪڱЩ˰ɽĽƴˡ
֮ɽĽƿˣصһɲǣ·ӿȥ⸽ĺˮҲڲֹ
֮ڴˡ
ʮϲ񣬿ǰһɾʵ뵽ãã֮Уһɾ
ǰƬɾƵ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ𽥱Ǳǰ֮
ȥ
˸ԥˣǶûܹ̤֮ΣȴɽǿʹڳĽƣסʱ飿
ЩˣƵ˷ǽ࣬һ֮ʶ̽ѰΣա
ãһֱĺɫ٣ǰѾûˣЩˣҲѾˡ
СӣҪȥ𣿡ʱħԺ
Ȼ
˵ʮ棬Ϊߣε¶¹˭֣Ҳδ֪
Ƭ̺ɽϣʱܵһŨŨȻ洿˲֪١
ֻǰȺɽΰͦΣɽٲʮɫޣʤ
δܹŨ֮ǰڹȣҲû֮Ũ
Ҳ޹֣ʱ䣬ɽڲⶼŨǲŽйˡ
ֻһΣ֪ΪΣܸоûô򵥣ҸղƵ˵ƺһ壿ʲô塭
ɾ棬־ʲô£ѾԽԽˡ


1350 ɾ
ɽȷʵʮֹ·ޱ޼һȴ䣬֮ǰ򵥡
ɽ⼸ɽȥľ룬ڤģȴɽ⼸ɽ߸ʧ䣬ڤ֮ϣɴ˿˵δ档
˺գСȥȫϢĿǲ˷֣֮ŨҲܹڲϵϢ
⼸ȷʵ˲Ϲޣ濴ľԼּʮɫա
֮Ϲһ⻹ֻɽѰ֮أɾ棬Σ
Щ죬ķɾ۶ȥȻЩߣδҵɾڣֻ˳ɽѰңţҲʲô¡
ʱֹȥһ£ɽĽƳһ֮ɽǳԶһǰɱˡ
ҲΪƳֻ䣬ڤ֮ϵ޷֮ˣʱ侹Ȼ࣬治ɽߣҵ˺ĵɽ
ڽʱɽߵӿ룬ԭƽǧ֮ڲƽҲʱ֣ϼɣּޣ౼ߡ
һգѾ֮вشȥֻƲɽһɽ
˳ȷʵһɽ¶ɣǱȻҾһڡ
ҵɾȻѣҪ˳룬ȴһ£һѾϸ۲죬֮棬ŽƣЩطŲɾһУΪٸߣҲٳ
ʱ䣬һЩΪ߾ߣȥ̽·ҲǽһˣӲͶЩƵУƽƣ˵ν̡
Ȿһǿʳ磬ҲѼֲ֣ʱ䣬ҲһֱھܿЩˣĻҲᱻЩץȥȻǡ̽·
֮һƵĴ֮ϣǰӰ´£ԼĪнǧ˾ۼ
ǰԶԸܵһɽϢֲûô˾ԭǰһɲСĽƣЩ޷׽롣
Щ棬һӰһۣĿʾˣȴܳϢϴ򽣹أʱ޵ĵӣ֪ʱԷǷҲѾ
ͻȻ䣬Ǿã˿̵ӷʶˣϾ뿪򽣹أ˺ôҲǲս
⣬֮棬κˣʱǶԷδôҲöԷˡ
ֻȴЩɽ߰ɾĲȫ򿪣ʱٿβܽ롣
һֱʱӿ֮ѾԽԽˣЩ˺һ£˶֮ϤҴ֮£գֻץסȥ̽·ˡ
ЩˣԵý࣬һ·ЩΪɽߣɾ棬ԶԶȥֻǰƲһɽ֣ɽ֮ϣ¥ɹһ㡣
ɽɽ֮ϣɾˣֻɽƻƣɽ۴ĽƸأҪȥһ
˴ɽȻŨ޷ݵĳ̶ȣҲˮЩˮ£һһɫĹʣȴѰΣۡ
ʵţﾹһֱɽ壬ȥͨһûƲ֮ϵɽۣǸ޾롣
˿̣ںһŴʱɾǲ֪Ũʲô̶ȣգɽ¶ؽɣҪ취ɾ桭
Сӣʲôˣ
˼֮ʣһͳȻ͵ػعʶ˷ˣ֮ʱԷȻһƷϮһ½סˡ
ô£
ʱǰЩɽҲ׷׻عͷЩ˵Ϊǳ֮ߣ֪ˣôֻܽƾͼˡ
˿һµߣȻҲ߾ڵΪֲһƷѲˡ
ֻߵСӸղŹҷˡ
ţ
ǰЩɻ󣬾룬˿ȥΪƽƽθ
ȵȡ
ʱһ۵˳һϳԱһȥôƵˣϵСӣ
š
Ƶ΢΢һȴҡҡͷϵá
ǺãȥǰĽơ
ʱһģ˹Ŀϣ˵Сӣǽ棬ûУ
֪ˡ
ⱻס˵ͷУʱѾ˼ƽϣ֪ôˡ
Ƶ˼ʱӣȴЩɻ󣬲ԣںϣСӷ

һʱЩǰߵĽƷ֮ףд⣬𣬼ҲСĽ
ЩˣǸӲֻЩ̽·̽·֮˽棬Ǳˣʱ䣬ں濴
ȥλȥλ
ʱЩָͬʱԪڽߴһʮԤϡ
ʶ񣬱ܿһЩţһʱƿһơ
ƿ֮ʱ˽ƺҲ⣬ģӵСеãɽ棬һĽơ
ƵʼղɫҲ֪ʲôƬ̺˶ɽ֮ϣֻǰɣ͸һʮֲֿĽƣأҲü
ɾڣˣ˵ȥǧ꣬ѾɶȻʮ˵һ߾ߣóȻ룬Ҳ³
ҪΣ
ͣȻһأһȥ˵ղȥƽưɣ棬Ԫ󷨱
ĽʮΪԽߵ˽룬ܵĽҲԽΪʵߣԶˣĹȴͣʺϽˡ

ʱһ˵ȥƽƣȻû⣬ֻڴ֮ǰ
˴ֻתͷͷСȡһƱԪգȥɾ󣬱㲻ҵ㣿
һ˶ͷͣһƱԪȥá
λὫԼıԪЩ˵ƿ󷨱ǣڱԪǲܵģʧһƱԪʱڣʶȻ˥࣬ʱ˭ȥ


1351 в
һ˵־мֵҪƿɾĽƣͲǼ׵飬ʱһƱԪȷʵпܵʶ˥ڽ档
һƻԪα֤ǣϾˣȥǳ򵥡
ҪȻһͬա
ʱֻƵ˹˽ɫһ˵ƵˣͬĪţȴ򿪽󷨣㽫ɱˣȻԽ棿
Ƶɫ䣬룬˵ǲȻ룬ҲС
仰ȴ˵ԣȻ󷨽أ
ԥ֮ʱƺȻһӿֻʮ⣬߷ת˲
ʲôˣߵĶʮߣ̾Ȼ߾һ֮ˡ
Ȼʮ£˲仯ʮεˣЩϵϢҲʮֲͬһֹ֮ϡ
֮ǰ˱֪֮棬һ֧壬ģǰЩˣӦһ֧ˡ
ʱ˫ɽ֮ϣУҲĽţգǹ棬߳һĳߣ˵أλˣ顣
飿
ȴһ߶ʮߵע⡣
һǰ˼ʮ˹˹֣˵ҵȾŴ˴飬ʵɽ硢˼֮ˣû֮
һֵοɽ·Ŀãɾһۣѽ֮ɡ
ǹ峤˵дɣȴóȻǰţɽ䣬λԺδغδȥա
ûУ
ʱһȥЩʢĹóȻٻ󷨣Ǿ飬ټǰѱ뿪ΪǺã
ߣʮȴΪȻ˼ʱ䣬òײŽҪ˵ǾжиħǽҲǵýȥɡ
ɾ棬Ƿ飬ҵȽռȻˣǱ㲻ܾʹ뿪ҪִǾֻõˡ
ʥأݶ£ٲ뿪Ľϱؽ̶ȷ֮£
£ӳֽӭ˳ͬʱֻķʣнէ֡
⸽ȷʵŷͬСɵĽȻѵ߾ΪҲСӡ
˫ţȴ׶֣Ƕʮ߹ȻΪߣҲʮּɵ壬н󣬵Ҳﾪⷢޱ䡣
߾ţ˴˼ɵվں棬ղԳĽϣѵġĽݡ
ɾ־ʲôĽϣػꡭ
ֵǣΪɽ˹
ΣһΣĿ¶Ҳʲô鲻飬ʲôĽϲĽϡ
õ¶˸ĽҲ޷ֻԶµħɱȥˣ
ɽ磬Ϊ˾δ룬ѾϧɽΪˣ༸ң
죬ʮߺʮһֱ˭Ҳ׶֡
֮ʱɽȻ߾䣬ҪɾĽһ⸽ɽ壬ȻѺۣƺҲӿֹ
ˡ
ʮˣʱﰵɽ棬󷨽ƣһһǻɽȴ⵽˵ƻڳҲǺԵ¡
ʱߵ߿ڵԽԽŨٹգ󷨣ǵʱֹǧӿ𣿡
˵֮ʱǺһƬӰȴɽߵˡ
ܿ죬⸽Ѿ˽ǧɽߣʮˣǶҲԲ赲ôɽߣܷ䡣
ϣô죬ǣסˡ
ʱڹǱߣʮ˸üĳҲ֪նֹȺˣֻԸ󷨻ٶƬ̣ɾʵڲԸЩȾţ
ʵһһػڴˣԼҲ֪ɾ澿ʲôֻ֪Ͽᵽɾ֮в飬֮Ⱦ飬б䣬µ߸ǳ
Ǽ٣֧ҲȥˣϾûκ˽ɾ档
ɽ䣬ɽ֮ӿ˽󷨣һػɾĽ󷨣Ҳҡҡ׹ˡ
¡¡
ʱ֮Ȼһ£𵴣಻֪ǴӺδֻķɽȻӿ˹ɾ۶ȥ֮ڣ¶ؽɾɣ
ܵʱ𵴺һҲ¶ɣ취ȥɾ桭
ڣɽߣ֧Ҫɾ˳¶̸ף
ʱ֮ǰǰ̤һŶʮ˵ɾ򿪣ѳɱȻֹ֣֮˵ģ绹ÿɣɽ󷨣ֻɾܲסƻˣҵ취ƿ󷨽ƣһɾɱǡ
ʱԶʮӰ֧ͬˣֻһŮӼǰǳ߶ߵ˼䣬űǳüͷһ壬̾
һǹĳڻվ˳˵λɷ֤ǽɾٻɾһһľ
ȻҲһΣֹɾˣȺƻɾ취ʹɾƻ
˵ѷģҵȽɾ֮󣬾ƻɾκ֮
ڣһʱ֮ϣ˴ɾĽ󷨣Ȼ½룬δ򿪣ʹ֧壬Ҳȫֻ֪֮ܰǰķ˽ȥ̽·
ȽȥģĸΪˣϣ˽ȥŰ㲻ȫҷ
ڶֽȥĸ֣ȻͬûܳŹһʱ䣬ҲĽƣԻɻҡ
һ£Ҳû˸ҽȥˣû뵽ɾĽ󷨣Ȼ˿£ԶЩ󷨿ɱȡ
֧ˣҲû뵽Ѿɶˣȴ˿ֲĽƣ治֪Ǻڴ˲µġ
֮ʱһ𣺡ȥɡ
ѭȥһ׷ӣȻˣ֮ǰǶʮˣҲȥ󷨣ֵ²Сһô죿
ŵù£סҽŲҽ֮ǳ棬ֻһ˲䣬ɡ


1352 
һ±øڳ֮ˣȻвΪɽǰɴʱҲò⣬Խǽ棬ǻҲǲܵġ
ղĿã֣Ϊ˽ȥҲûҷ³οЩľһأ
Ϊ߾ˣǰϧǰȥԴ˿̣в˵Ŀ⣬ϡ
ʱһȥֱԲصλС֮ǰƿĽƣСѵı£ҵǲỳɣҲˣҵȲòСѿԳһƱԪ
˵˴˼Ѿô£˵˵ȥ޷Ҳֻʹթѡ
ʱ治ɫ˵֮ǰѾ˵úˣ֣ݲһ˿⣬ʱһƻԪǳ㲻ҽȥô˴߿ȥ
һԣҲȷʵ˵ߴϻΪ˵ûд֮У̤һٲʱŪôණ
ԥǱ߼ʮҲȷʵʮ־ᣬȲԸ˳󷨣ȴûκΰ취ֹյһС
Ҳգ
ʱ˳Сӣҵȹұһأˣҵ֧󷨣СˣĻҵȥɣ
һָŵСһ˽ȥɾˣг֮ʱСѳӦ֪Ρ
λһܽһΪɻңλǰˣʲôȥȴλĴ治죬͸ģ
һߵ˵ţһǽǰȥ˶仰ƺҲûʲôë
ڣǽǰ𽥱ýߵҲһתˣһ̾ƽˮ˵Ҫˣͷλڴ󷨡
Сѷǣʵ󣬿ɼʱ˳
߻ʮҲվ÷λȴԷά󷨲ܹɹȥ棬ȥģƿơ
һʱת˻ȥǿֲƷ˵˿ţҲǲܵģΪһε¶Ȼչǰ·
δ֮ʱ·
뵽˴ָһһᣬԲͷˣһ±ǽȥ
һĻ˵Щɽ߾һǹǼʮˣһôû˸󡭡
󣡡
Ϊ׵ʮɽ֣ʱҲ׷׼Լķ۶ȥԷҡ
ȻҲǵǴ˿ܹģֻôһˣһߣǿ¾޷ƿˣ˵ʲôɽ󷨣Ҳֻ˵˵ѡ
һ˲䣬ԶӰ߷˹Ƕˣһɴ£һѩǱǣ覣һԽһǱˣȴӺˮӡ
ϴǷ֮֮£ϱֻ֮֮ǰһֱ޷֮裬ֱղɽϣԾһǹ֮ʱѾˡ
ʦ壬ˣô죿
˿̣ˮ亹乣ղǽһ˲䣬ĶˣϾ棬ĸ֣Ҳ³
ӴʱȥǱˮֻ࣬Ҳüڵĵģ󣬶ߣʮǰѾڤߣΪ֪ʲô

һʱǽޱȣʱƽƣԷס󷨣һֱٽƻ֮ʱƿһţؽơ
ƣ˶ס˺ԼĻԴƣû뵽Ȼܹȥ
Ǵ˿Ǽʮˣ΢΢һˣǺȻܹɹ󷨡
֪һУעղŷκһ⣬ΣֻҲϡ
ʦ壬ȥˡ
ˮҲһ亹һؽƺ
Ӵʱ񲻶ֻ˵ͷһһȥҲڣֻҪƻ󷨣Ҳɢȥˡ
СѡһЩ
ʮɽߣѾ֧Ųסˣһֱƾ֧󷨣Ҳ޷ؽơ
ʱƵ˺Ȼǰһ壬Ҫǽȥȴһȣƣʲô
ʮ˫۾ţգƵ˲òͣ䵭ҿѣλ
ߣδȥҲһ
һһͷȥСѱ㽫ǰĻȥգһ٣Ҳͱˣ
һ̣øӽˣϾɾϾҪǰˣ˭Ҳ֪澿ʲô˭Ҳ֪˵ǲġ
ȵȣ
ȻǱ߼ʮ棬Ϊ׵ĳվ˳óһػǧֹ꣬ɾ򿪣Ҳ֪ڴػǧģʲôҲ㷲
ϣĪǻʣ
ʱȥ˵󷨲ƣɽӿʱ󷨣ֻɾҲ𣬳Ӧ

գλֻҡͷһ̾ҲٶˣתȥСѣڱȥǰİɣ
Ŀ֮£ֻһȥǰߣֻҪ̧ƻȥģ󷨣ȻҲɢȥˣʱ˱Խˡ
ǣЩ˽
һ˲䣬ֻ˫һûлȥģ֮֮ǰЩϵķһȫɢˣ
¡
һ죬ɽһƺӿԭѾɶĽ󷨣һȹסˡ
̳ɢȥֻǽ󷨺棬ˣһͷ׷ơ
Сӣʲô
ߣģӴŭɱˣţлλˣλ£Ҳû׽桭
㡭㣡
һ£ʱ۲Ҳ֮ɫʮΪߵˣǼǰڤʱΪ֮һǻô꣬վȻһСӸˣ
Сӣ󷨣һƣҵȽ룬ؽԪ
ӣȻȴȥˣһһɾɽȥֻһӰȺˣ־ŭ


1353 
Сӣ߲ˣ
Ȼǰȥһ̧ʱӿȻͣȴҲӲɽ֮˻գֻӰʧ
˰ղѣ֪ǱΣҲҪһƱԪϧڣ˵ʲôˡ
ϸ룬ֵֹ˭ѵԼ̰
һʼǱ㲻̰̰ͼɾһУ̰ͼ¶ᱻƣ
ֻֽˣǱϣΪԹǴ󷨡
ʱڹǱߣʮҲû뵽ôɽߣȴȫһСӸƭˣʵ޷
ǳʧɹȣ鸴ӣмϲǣϲûд򿪣ǵǽõΣ
ȺƱزưոݣ˽ɾ棬Ҳ֪洳ʲôղͷӣҲǸҪġ

գǹ峤̾˿ԶˮҲû뵽ӾȵزȻƭˣһ󷨿ˣȺˣŹ
ʦ壬ʦ塭ô죿
ˮ亹乣ʱĵ飬ڻǷˣȻΪ¶ֻŭȻõ¶뿪
˵ƭˣ˲ŹûƭˣֻҪɽ¶ͱ뿪
εǣɽ¶ûɣҲܽûõɽ¶˶ˣֻһ˽ɾʲôûУ뿪ֻ

Ҳ̲ס̾ؿЩ鷳ˣһ˲䣬ȻֻɫһתƼȥһɲǣҲסˣҲ⸽ˣĿںƲ
ԱˮӼȻأ·һδƽһ̲ס΢΢һСʵʦʦôˣ
ûʲô
˺һӲŻعһ̣Լɫ죬Ƭ̣ˮ£ǲҪ
ʦôˣ
ˮӿɻʵȥġ
Ҵ㣬ȥһط
ţ
ʦĻˮһŲɣ˵ʲôôƺϰˣʱҲٶˡ

˵ɾֻǰ͵䣬ľ죬ͱ֮ϣ֣죬գ֮䣬ޣرߡ
и棬Ƣٻ涷ޣҶ۵ģ¶֦ϹŵģǧȪˮ۸֮ͬꡭ
һĻһĻʵƵĹɽУһɾ
ʱ˿̣һվԭأŴ˴ŨһϹκһ˿һʣν磬Ҳδ֮
Ϊξһɾ
Ƭ֮ǰȥһɹ¹ذ󣬶ͨһ㣬ߴߴΧԣر棬֪ڳ˵Щʲô
⡭
ʵţһϹʧɾڴ겻䡭
ҺЩûнǱضƻ֮ʹⴿ覵ɾҲܵϢȾ
ĺɫʱ֣ϼɣϴһɾԶԶ֮ǰ󣬴˴֮󣬿²֮ˡ
ʱϽһ߲ϼ⣬ʶ䣬ƺʲôΪξоһɾ棬һ󷨣
Ȼ䣬֮ǰЩˣ˵ɾ棬飬ʲô飿
ȥʱ䣬ҲѾɾһգѾܹԸܵΧɽֻһ̧ͷܿ
֮ʱɾʼۣ۳һһΣӨ͸¶Щ¶һʱϼɣ
һ̣Ҳ۾֪ɽ¶Ҫ۶ˣɾ桭
ʱ棬Ȼۼɽߣǻʱ䣬Ҳûܹ취ǽ󷨣ȻڼҲԹ󣬿ȴһܹʤ¡
ʱʣϼɣٲȻ¶۶ɵ󣬸˶ס˺¶ɽ¶
ˡ
ǰʮɽ߾ﰵɽ¶ѾˣȴȻȥǺã
¶ǷΨһϣˣǳϣȴװ׳ȫСӣ
һС¶ʱȥ׽סѲɰˣѪ⣿
ϵԽԽŨң߲ɹ⣬ӳ䣬һ˵ĸоǻصǰһֻǰɹ⽵
ЩˣʱҲסˣһϵ߲ɹ⣬¶۶ɣ߲ûΪǴʱȴã鲢ûô򵥣

ɹ֮Уʮɫɽ¶۶ɣҲɾޣ¹ذһЩСӣʱŽż⣬ϵ¶Ѳѡ
߿߿
ΪȻɽ¶ʱЩȥңŪ¶Ӷ䣬⸽ޣȫɢˣϾޣɶܹƼεġ
òףڽ⸽ȫɢˣԼҲóһ֮֮֮ģɽ¶Ҳδɡ
ֻϣɽ¶Ŀδȫ۶ɣʱ˽ɣȫ۷ɣͬһǰá
ǿƽۼɽ¶ɣʱӳӣȴʱ䣬ȷʵѰֻ޲ɽ¶ɣȻ֮ص죬δѹ
֪ǲܵģҪ취ԸȺɽߣһΣֻܶöµħˡ
ʱɽ¶δɣҲڸ֪ͣͣһٻȣէһǹɳأһߵ⡣
ʲô
ɫһǰɾǼŵǰһ⣬ȴһΪѰ֮С
ֻʵɫţһŮһӵ֮ȫһˡ
ڳ棬ƺĳֽƣʹɽޣ޷ʳǶ⡣
֡
һʱҪȥǶ⾿ʲôּǸе̱ĳĽơ
ɽ¶ڼʱʲôӣջͣ˽ŲȰɽ¶֮ȥǶҲ޷


1354 Ů
ĺɫʱһ߲ɹ⣬øѤˣɾ棬ɽҲסڳȥɾһ󷨣ͽ޹ʮΪ֮ˣҲȫ޷ǿƿ󷨡
ô죿
ʮ˸üΨƵˣʼɫģ棬ʲô֮ȴֲ˵
¶ڼСӱȻὫ֮¡
ֱָ죬ôҲû뵽ı˼֮ãȴһСӸˣ˿ֻ޲ûǣ⡣
ʱϼʢһ߲ɹ⣬Ӷҫ䣬һ̣ɽ߽ס˺Ī˵Щ˼ˣȲ
ʵ˼Ҳй󣬱ǼʮǰһΣһ׹ҹӳ˰磬·һԪŵصҹʱߵˡ
ֻɽѾãδܼʮǰ˼һǧ궼й
ʱ֮ԶԶȲʮǰ˼һ󣬲ɽҲһóԲѣϾɽ¶ɣͬʱĪɾ˭Ҳ֪澿ʲô
̶Ƭ̼䣬߲ɹǲöĿˣȻɽ¶ڼǼʮ˾Щţ¶Ϊλɾۣ
ѵ˵ЩǲǴ˵Щġ
ؽ󣬴˿󣬲¶۶󣬶ǡ֮
ˡ
λɫ䣬ᵽɾ֮в飬Σ֮Ⱦ飬б䣬µ߸ǳ𡭡
һнģĽһһĴ˵ôزϢȾ̫һϢȾƱб䣡
ˣˡ
ǳɫɷף亹乣֪ˣ㾡ȫ֮ҲҪ֮ǰֹκ˽ɾڣȴǸ׷֮˽ȥˣô졭
ȾĽһϣţ
ϡôˡ
Ա߼ӣδϺʱɫɷףʱ˽ź¹Ҳɵò
죬죡
ǹ峤һӵ֪ˣϿ棡һȾ֮ѣ
ɡ顭
ǼҲȫˣһֱҲĿֻһĴ˵Ͼѹȥ֮ã˭Щ˵ȴ˵һжǴ˵ġ
ʱһߣЩɽȴ֪ʲô鴫˵ȫȻΪʱ߲¶۵ףʮΪ֮ˣڻ¶
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ʱƵվһԣʲôҲûĿһǽ棬Ҳ֪˿ʲô

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ˣЩɽ¶˷һȥ֮ǰֵǸػȣ
ô¡
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ͻȻһֲĸоЩɽ¶ΪΡˣ
һɲǣڷˣɽ¶ǻ۶ȥ
֮Уһ⡭
СӣҪȥ
ʱħȻһ˲䣬ħֱӳ󣬴ʱҲǲ˼һ⣬һ⣬ʲô
СӣǸĽƣ֪Ǻ£һ˲ҷ𣡡Ҫسȥħһ½סˣ
ÿ
Ȼȴһ㣬һ½˦󾹳سȥͼֹɽ¶۶ȥ
Ȼûгȥһ䡱һһ㣬ֱӽɳ˼ʮɾ룬ϴףδػһҲҪˣ
Сӡ㿴ûУơ죬ǵأˣɣħǷ𡭡ѳѷ⣡˭Ҳ޷ܣ
ħһ԰δй飬һ̣·Ҳܵˣ֮ǰ޿ɳԽǿ֮ǣһλ֮ˡĽƣ
ν֮ˣ˵ֻҪʥʮ̤뷽֮ǱǷ֮ˣֻ˵Ĵѡ
ʵȴǣʥʮ֮󣬲ֻǳ֮ҪΪ֮ˣ述Ʒʮ֮⣬˷ɳķ֮ˡ
ǣǡ
ɽ¶۶ȥ侲˹ħȰ裬һسȥ
ȻһһΣ޲ǱĽƴ˻ܹȥֻţɽ¶۶ȥ

ͨ죬˻ߵźȴûãûκá
ֻܿɽ¶һʧЩ߿ɽ¶ǳǷĻᣬЩδ
ÿһΣδ
֮壬ʣ࣬Ϊ򶾵Ҳֻ¶ֻ¶ܾȻ
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ͨ죬۹£һĽնȥȻ޵еĵ۹£һ̣ʧȥһһõ˻˻
һҹʱ䣬ڶ峿ɽ¶ʧˣȫ۵棬һ֮УһҲûʣ¡
ʱĽҲɢȥˣ棬һ̱֣ԼԼɼǶ⣬ɽ¶·Ҫʢ⳿һ
СӣʲôħأʲôһûлǬ
ȥա
ЩĽƣҲɢȥˣЩ˽Ļͱ뱣

ħһ̾ջǻصǬһƬʲôҲˣֻܸܵ棬ɽӿ
ĵ۹£һһȥϾһɱ͸
ֻ˫۲Ѫ˿ҲһȦɫ·Źȥһҹǲɣꡣ
ɽ¶һһʧǿδ룬һһȥϣҲˡ

Ȼ䣬״񣬰׷ѩ裬Ѫ˿˫ۣһ⣬һɲǣ֪ιʣҵҪ㾿Ǹʲô֣

µһ˲䣬ԾһնȥȻһɲǣ֮У·һһˮŮ
硭硭㣬𣿡


1355 ɶ
硭硭㣬𣿡
һǶ洫һסˣеĽҲͣˡ
أһ̣֮һ֮⣬֮У
һĻкˣܹţ
ֻ棬Ȼ˯һŮŮ˴覣һȾ
ϲŴƣΨгĺڷɢǰˣǳӤһ۵ļơ
῿ڻ֮ϣ˫ۣ䳤ĽëմһſžӨ͸¶ȥ˵覡
ǣ⻨У˯һꡣ
һĻҲסˣҲû뵽֮УȻһ鶯˵Ů
Ůȥʮ꣬òʳ˼̻һȾȻʱϣһ˿մҲͷ
ֻǡؼ䣬Ϲ顣
֮ɽ˾ɣѩԼӣʳȣ¶
˶סˣΨһ仰ǰŮ֮֮ʱŮ۾
۾ۣ֮ˮÿÿҹܵӳǹ⡣
üëɽӰıӣ¶촽ÿ峿һʱˮ淺ĵ⡣
磬硭𡭡
̣覣ϸ꣬Ȼ
δعֻŮӻ߳У֮䣬·ûʲô谭
һͷīͷһӿ
ÿ̤һ±ǿһȣȴȻˮһȫȻһ
磬ڻˡ
֪ŮǰʱǰģȻһӣûκڵȴȫȻûаɬ˫ۣȻûκλ֮
磬㡭
ȻŮһĻһɬһ磬ڻˣɶˡ
ŮӣʱȻܵһһеĵ۹£Ҳѵһ˵ϡ
ڻعǴ˿̣˫ȴ֪ηţ˫֣ỮŮ۵ļҲϵϢȾŮϵ
磬硭
Ůɿһ̣˫Ҳģһ۾·۾˴ﶬʱۣ󡭡
˵Ҫһһܵκ˺ģһˣվҲûл
硭
ŮػǰһˣǰŮɽ¶ȫˣδأδô졭
δҲѲˡ
δ룬δ롭
һɲǣǺȻѩ׷ɣĴѩ֮УǸŮܶԺ㿴ѩ㻹ǸδŮ𡭡
δ롭
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
磬ôˡ
أ磬㲻Ҫ޺òá
һޣɶҲˡ
أء
ŮϣʣһޣԭʵɾȻ˿ϸꡣ
ᣬһһΣȻ۳ɽ¶ܡ
һȻ뵽ʲôɽ¶δʧֻ棬һַʽڶѣ
ΣҲ֪ʲô
һ㣬֪֮Ծδ룡
ɶˣɶˡʱȫѹѸԼѣϡ
Ů̧ͷ䳤ĽëϣżžӨ͸飬˵硭ǲѾǵɶ˰
һɲǣ֪ΪΣȻǱһΪλʹǰŮȷʵһӡҲûˡ
Ҿ֪Ѿɶˣ˵ɶɸ绹ǰɶˡ
Ů˯꣬Ÿոȴƻһ㣬ֽʪӣģʵۡ
ң硭
ǽ仰˵˳Ůһ£һЩ·Ҫϸؿһ૵㲻Ǹ硭
ţҲ硣
ԭ㲻Ǹ硭
ͻȻ䣬ŮǶ˻һ˻л㱣ۿˮҪȴһ½סˣҪޡ
㲻Ǹ硭
Ů̧ͷؿˣ糤ú񣬿㲻Ǹ磬Ҹоˣ㲻Ǹ硭
磬˭
ĵʵоóǰŮȻ򵥣ֻ򵥡
磬ǡ
ģŮǱЩãˣ૵صǡҲˣҲ˸˭ֻǵãҵ֣Ǹȡģ˵ġ
ŴʱãŮѾˣʧˣǰļ䣬ȫʧˣңҲ
Ƕμ䣬Զʧˡ


1356 ֮
ʱɾ棬һ߲ɹȻδɢ߾ɽѾˣ뾡һа취Ҫƿǽ󷨣Ȼȥɾ棬һ
Щɽߣػ֮Ĺ壬ĽһϣҲ˲ˣƺǷȺ߻ɾԼɾ֮е顣
ǲԣʱЩͿΪϵɹֻɽ¶ɵ󣬿ɵЩĳߣӦˣϵ
ϵһҹֱʱ֮˿Ͽ˵飬ȻѾڡ
ȴȫ֪֮ǰû˽ȥȻҲصģǸ׷֮Ѿȥˣڶûжܲģ
峤üǽ棬޲磬ڣǷϣܹ򿪣ȻǺýȥһ̽ڽ޷ƿҲȥȫ֪
ϡô죿
һɫӣһҲһɲԤУһΣֻ»дҪĽһڴ˵ǧ꣬ǧƽҪ𡭡
¡¡
ʱɽȻһ𵴣ʹøЩվȣ֮ͣڿеߣЩ
ԼСʱ䣬𵴲ͣЪʱٿɾǰĽ󷨣ɶ֮
ƣҪƿˡ
ǰʮɽߣʱѾǰ˴˶һۣȻ˼ƽϡ
ƿ֮ʱǱҪһʱȥץסСӣ²֪Ͼƻ飬ֻħԨЩħ˲óǿɽˣء
ʱһߣƵ˳Щ˲ע⣬һȴһ߷ȥˣܿ죬ʧ

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Ůɶһ治µģΪ˶ȴ֪Щ˵ն
ЩΪνĳΪνķ磬ɥĲ֪֪¶ڣȻ
νˣһ˿Ҳħ𣬲ֻͬǣǰڲǡǡ෴ǽ쾡±ֳ˶ѡ
洫ĶѾԽԽˣһ̣ԥȥŮӣ˵ɶҴ뿪òã
Ҫ𣿡
ɶˮС죬Χ˿ȴһĸ飬С¹СãʱҲΧ£˹ıǻϲ
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ɶգһ˫ˮĴۣʹ֪ǰ˲磬ɰ磬žǣһɡ
Īǰǧ˿նϵԵ
һǰŮ̫ˣʲôҲ֪Ҳ޹֣Ͼ˯֮ãŸոǰļҲȫʧȥˣ֪ն
Ըһֱ棬ΪȾ
ɶ˵лҪǱǽ֮ǰ뿪
֪ҪͣԸܹԼʱĻ
ˡ
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ֱĺɫ٣ּʮɫŮ˯ˣعͷẰ޷Ӧּǰߡ
˿ԭ·أЩˣһֻǰҿûһ뿪ɾ·ˡ
ɾȻԶԶԤϣԭΪŮأɾˣǰ߲˶Զҵȥ·
ڿƺشˣǰߣҲŸɼĵطɾʲôֻʲôҲȫֻ֪һ·ǰ̽Ѱ
ģҹĻɾҹҲͬǺ貣ʮɫλһ㡣
¹ǳγˮɾһһľӳյɼ
磬ǵˣ
Ůɶıϣˣعͷȥϸɶ𣿡
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ɶ
Ůҡҡͷһ˫ˮ۾һһ૵ɶ˯ô졭ǲǾãɶÿζ̫̰˯
ôᡣ
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ţ
ɶ˵ͷȴδ˯ȥһ˫ۣһʵɶôˣ˯𣿡

ɶҡҡͷ˫֧ãҪ籧˯
á
˵ɰŮʹЩٱ飬ʱҲԾܾ¹ˮǰһ˯
¹սɽɼŮϸһĽëΪλԼҲ벻ס
һɲǣȻܵŮڵ˵Ĵ覣ޱ޾
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δ֮壬֣Ըģ֮ǰӸ߹֣ؽһ
ǰŮ˴δ
ģĿ⣬˻˯ŮϣźĽëؿڡ
δô
һУѵֻżȻôΪλԼ
Ϊʱ֡
ΪϣҲ˴
һУѵʱ䣬Ҳ޷ĵô
һΡҪ뿪ɶ˺𡭡ӦɶҪһֱһֱԶɶɶһֱǵá˵ЩˣͻɶɶһֱŸ磬ĻҲȥ
ɶ
ŮʱĵĿںȻһʹΪΡ˵ʹ
غһҹڶ죬ůսɽ棬ǰļɲݻմ¶ˮ£һһɫĹâ
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һҹʱֻЩӲֽŶѾˣŮ۾૵ѽɶμö¹ǿɹˡ
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֮ʱȻ䣬һʶƴǧ֮˹һɲǣʶҲ˶Է
ˡ
ʱ˽ɾˣˡ֮ǰƵˣδƳνģ


1357 
硭ôѽȻһ֮ɫɶһ˫ۣʵ
ûʲô
ողʶ㣬Ƶ˻Զɾ棬С
жϹŽƣȻЩϹŽƣɶȻһв϶Ƶ˾Ҵ
ɶ߰ɡ
ţ
ɶ֪Σѽһ棬ǵģȴϸϸ㣬ΰѺƵˡ
߾Ϊһߣܶϴ򽣹յĽȺǿԸˣһ߾ߣһ̤ʥûκʤ㡣
ҵǣڻɾ棬ԷҪһ׷ҲԲܣĻᣬᲢãǰ·û·뿪ɾ
ȥʱ䣬棬һ·Ƶ˵׷٣Ҳδ¶ԵʮɣΪ룬ɶŸոմ˯Ҫĵعˡ
Щ죬ɶһ·ı֣˿֪һֲ֮ˣԽԽˡ
һ磬оˣƵѾ֮ңһ߾ߣȻվС˶Է
ԭΪʮߣΪƵ֮ϣڿСƵˣĻʮ޷ôƵ˾ܽˣ
磬磬㿴Щöѽ
ŮϲһɫĻ˹
š
ߵͷֶȥϣ˵ɶˣ߿һЩɡ
ţ
ɶ֪ǿѽһаɲʩչ˼£ǧ֣ƽء
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Ȼʱһ͵𵴲֪Ӻδ·ɾһɲǾ
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Ŷ̶Ƭ̣ɾ𵴣ԽԽͣϣѺۣܵɽ壬еĸѾʼˣŵЩ¹󣬷׷ɢӡ
ʱں棬Ƶ÷УȻҲܵˣ𵴣¶ɾҪˡԽˣԽҪҵ˵ز˾
ڣɾң谭ʶָֻһüһ㣬һѪɳ˲ʧʣĳѻͨ

˵һ·Уֱĺɫʱɾ𵴲ֹͣһ𵴣ʮͣĳЩ󷨣Ѿˡ
ɾܲȫǿ֧ţҲ֧Ų˶ˡ
뾡ɶ뿪ɾûƵ׷ûȺɽߣһɾɶҲߡ
˼䣬ȻǰһϢ͵ֻͣǰվһӰ
һɫۣ׷һ˿ȥɷǣǱˣƵˡ
Сѣ㻹㣬ȥ
ʱƵ䵭ּ䴫˳ɶȴһǻˡ
ţ
ƵĿ⣬һɶϣ֮ǰͷŮ⣬ڿǷ֮ǰĲ²ˡǣ֮컯
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ɶ
Ƶ˫һ컯֮棬ŮȻ¶Ҳȫ۵棬
һðΣսȻûаŮҪһ̫ʥ̤֮Ǵ˵еķ֮Ҳδɣõúܣõúܡ
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ҺɾԷҲҲڣһٸᡣ
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š
Ƶ˵˵ͷʱȻ뷨뿪ɾɱСӣץŮɡ
ڣСŻãϾƾԼһˣδܹɾڣҵҲûãҪСӺŲܴ򿪡

ļգһֱƵˣͬʱҲŻѰĻᣬǶԷȴʱ޿̲ԣûκδɶĻᣬٲ룬һҵ·ʱΣˡ
ƵˣЩҲʼһ㣬˿δ¶࣬ΪڸüһʱֻҪ취ȥͺá
һʱһǰǹд羵ƽȺ裬鱼䡣
ۡ
ɶ¶һ֮ɫͣ磬㿴㿴ɹȺɶҪȥ桭
š
ü΢ԱߵƵ˿˿عͷ˵ɫǻ·ɶҪȻ
ء
ɶʱС죬Ƶ˿ȥգһ˫ۣаصϲһȥɡ
Ƶ۰룬ǹһۣɽƽƽ棬Ҳ·޷ȥɣҾͲȥˡ

ɶһЦɹȥһܣһͣͣģ飬漫ˡ
Ƶվ棬۰룬ı£ǲ뵣Ƥӵߡ
һʱ䣬ǻĺȻһţһɼǿ֮͸
⣡
һɲǣƵʱ⣬ȻǻȥʱͻȻһ֮ӿ顱һһ½˻ȥ
ڻ棬ֻɶ˿У˫գ˫ֿٽӡӿɢȥ˲伤һǿϹ󷨣
һ̣Ҳһ󷨸Ӧʮ񣬿ɸղûз֣ﾹȻһϹ󷨣ɶηֵģһһ˲䣬ͽϹ󷨼ˡ
ʱڻ棬ƵҲɫ˵ûз󷨣߾ΪҲȫûз֣ȷ֮ʱѾˣȻûɾֲȴҲȥ
棬ֻɶص棬Ц磡棬
عղţԭɶƵ⻨Ȼ棬ƫƫ˲ϵûа취ֻ÷ȣöԷ


1358 ɹȹԨ
棬ƵΪ裬ʱ޷룬ܿ죬һȻ˹ȿڴҲ˵Ҳ֣۾ڵȴ֮ɢȥһ
Ⱥɽߣʱһ󳳴֣֮ǰǣɾʱһв
Ǵ˿̣Ƶȴ·޶һԽˣԽǸһԨĺо
Ҳ⻨󷨣ȻϾ֮ã֮Ѳǰ֪ܹŵöãһ֮ľƵ˱ضᴳ
ľ֮ǰʲôɶȥ·ӳȥ
ɶȥ档
ڲ뿴ڹȿڴƵˣ㼴ǣɶȺȥ
룬⻨Ȼ·ȥ棬ȴһɾֻк羵Ͽɫʻһ˳Ⱥϵɹ
Ҫǣ·֮飬ʵŨ֮
ԭ󣬾һ󣬲Խɹȷգͬʱɾ
֮ǰɾǱߣѲ۵
޹Ƶûз⻨Ⱥ˳ۣոͬûз֣ڹɲ֣ᷢﾹһ츣ء
£ǻˡ
ɶһ˫ۣȥǰаƺ˿Ƶˡ
ȴһȻƵ˽ɹ󷨣ϾѾ̫ãɢ֮ʱʱƵҲ޼ɵˡ
ڣ취һҪԸƵˣҪɾ֮ǰȥ
ڣƵ˾棬Ҫβܳȥ
Ϊ̫ߣƾһ֮ܶԸˣǶöµħǶöµħĻ
磬ô˵ˡɶ˵קק䣬С죬һؿ
ɶ˵
عȥḧ˸ӣ˵˵кܸߣڣ򲻹

ɶ죬һЦûϵѽǲȥˣҲ
ҡҡͷ⻨󷨹Ȼľ֮գʱƵ˱Ҳɵ
οȥҲǰ취ɾȺߣҲᴳȺߴʱ⡣
绹ǵ𣿡
û¡
ҡҡͷɶҶᱣģ˺㡣
ţ
ɶ˵ͷϵЦݣʱµİٻ覡
ߣȥ
ǣɽȥʮֳ棬Ҫ취ܷԴ˴ԸƵˡ
ɽ˵󲻴󣬵ҲСֱĺɫʱδͨҲ֪ɽ棬ʲô
⸽ʮŨͣȻ뵽˴컯ǽ֮գܷͻΪ谭һ̤ʥ֮
̤ʥĹ㲻ޣϲ⾳鹦ĶԸƵˡ
ʥ֮
һɲǣĿЩΨ̤ʥпܶԸƵˣԸȺߣµħȻվڴޡ
ǿ֮Ϊǿ֮Բֻʥ
˿̣һΣڹȣһȭ֮ȫĿǰе
һҲ޷ͣΪһȭǿʱܷǿһȭͿԽƵ˴ࡣ
磬ǲжԸǻ˵İ취ѽ
ò˵ɶգһ˫ۣһؿһŻعḧӣ˵ɶļ죬ҿҪڴˡ
ţ
ɶǶ£ϵͷģɶһŵģȥС¹С档
š
˵ͷֳɽһֻۣɽһȥҲ֪ʲôղôһ˲䣬ƺӦʲô˵⣬ɶʱ䣬㲻ҪһȥɽȺ档
ţģɶˣ

ȥʱ䣬ûκζҲɽﾲΣʹɽŨҲȫûͻ֮֮ǰԼԼʥʱȴ֮̽ˡ
ˡ
γ֮ͣʵҲ޹֣ؼӿ˴ʥǰ࣬ɱϾһˮ룬ɷ֮ǵô̤ģ
һֵƻˣɶԶЩ¹СòֺȥһɲǣȴȻܵһ쳣ϢǴһδ֪ΣգϢٲȻɽȺ֮У
ǰʱע⵽ˣЩȻھȻž裬ղһ˲䣬ǹϢ
磬磡ôѽ
ʱɶı˹һɽȺǱߵ֮أ˵ɶĻ⼸춼ûйȥǱء
š
˵ͷعͷḧ˸ͷ֮ȥЩʵһֱЩ붨֮ʱÿÿоҪʥˣ·ʲôһͻȻ
СΣҪȥ﾿ʲô
磬Ҫȥ𣿡
šɶ㶨ҪңҪɢˡ
ţģɶأЩʲô󷨣Ѳɶ

Ƭ̺ǣǰʲôƣҲû󷨣ֻΪλڴˣҲʱ˵
ȵʱ˲ŴһǰһĻҲסˡ
ɹȵĺ棬ȻһԨ
磬ɶɶЩ¡
ǰԨɶ̲סֻԨ·һƬڣû⣬ҲûлݣûЩ¹ӣеֻһƬš
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ɶ¡
˽֣ʱ񲻶ŵԨɾɹɹȵĺ棬һµħԨ
⵽ʲôط
һɲǣָܵˣԨ״ϢһΣվ棬ȻҲеȫһ
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ãǻȥɶ¡
Ԩһۣ㼴תʱ·ȥˣѾˣϢ̫Σգ֪ʲô˲óȻȥ


1359 Ԩ֮
ֹ죬ɶԻãɹ¹òֺ·Ѿ顣
ʱÿÿ뵽ĹԨЩָоСʱʱЩƣԴǴȥ˺ɽجΡ
ԺʱֳǹԨĳ붨֮ʱȥԨµĸо֣ɵһۣǰɹȣԶҲɶЦҲ
ÿÿ˹϶ᾪһ亹
磬硭
ʱԶִɶЦֻı˹գһ˫ˮĴۣЩ겻ᣬôѽڵǸ𡭡
֮ʱȻһ𵴣ɹ¹ӣɢӡ
ǻˡɶҲһһ¶
ɶ¡
վü΢ŹķѾȥЩʱգƵסôʱ䣬ЩɽߣҲô˰ɡ
ʱȻƵ˻ѾȥգСĪǻôЩ˽ˣʱСߣҲ߲ˡ
磬𣿡
ɶһŵؿ棬ƺѾˣ󷨣ֻҪ֮δȫɢƵ˱ٴı£Ҳ
ģڻ
Ŀ֪ȥվǰ취֮ѾԽԽ˳
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ɽȡ
ʱΨһܹ뵽ģֻɹȺĹԨЩԨʼּΣյϢ
ǳЩһָоָоҲ˵֮ǣҪȥǸǻδ֪
磬Ҫȥǿµĵط𡭡ɶƿе뷨Сʵ
عḧ˸ӣɶ𣿡
š
ֻɶϵͷüɶ£磬㣬㲻ҪȥǸطòãɶ濴
˵˵ţɬۼҪˣһ½ͷĺ󱳣ɶ£û¡
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ֻ۾ģˮģϻ飬ģ˭Ҳۡ
ɶ£û¡
ȥ۽ǵˮȴ̲סһ̾Ϊɶ˺ǸطѵҲǰй𡭡
Уȥ濴Сʱʱ壬㳣ЩµجΣЩȥصħ𣬾һֱһ
ء磬һҪȥ𣿡
ɶ˲۾ӣѾǣɶˡɶ͸һȥ

ҡҡͷ˺Ǹطɹɡ
оõԨ·һϹħ֮ʬħȻ޾壬ɶϹ飬ܱħ֮Ⱦ
ɶܿͻ𣿡
ءɶ£¸һȥ֮󣬾ֲˡ
ɵϣôء
ḧӣůůϣ覡
˶˵ɱ顢ħ֮Ůǰȴˮ
ԭǱˣҲһ棬οЩôĨɱԭеء
Ľģ佣ġ顣

Ԩ֮£ħϢɶɹһˣԨϷ
Ǳ֮أ⣬䲻䣬¼ţΪһС
￴κ˵Щޣһ껨ݲҲֻʯʯ֮£ݹǡ
һܵһɳǺ䣬·ǲյĵصߣĹ֮𣬿һĹ֮ʧˣԭֻǻþ
һУǶʱǸجΣΧ·Ũһɢ
Ųûֳأ̤İԨףΨţޱ޾ǰӡ

һ峺ĽХİԨһϹаɷ֮
ǰ֪˶ãǰޱ޾һЩɣȣصʬǣЩħʬǡ
ɷɷɷ
ǰߵħ֮ѾԽԽˣʱԨ׵ߣͻȻһӰ
Щǰħ
ȴǲӰûκϢֻĲӰѡ
һ̣ɫԽԽˣΪˣЩħĲӰʱҲע·ܹһ
һ˲䣬Ԩ׵ħӰȻΰȥ·ӭĹһ


1360 ħ̨
һĻЩ߿ˣţ˶ħӰصһħϢɾ֮Уһֵĵط
ԽǰߣԽǸеأΪÿǰһһҲԻͷĸо
Ϊħ֮أ
ѵһУڤڤ𡭡
˿̣ĵԨȵħ֮ӰǺȻ˹һܲħХ֮˻һбڣ뵽ʲô㿴ʲô
ԽǰУԽѹ֣͸ĸоʱħ֮Ӱ֪ΪΣȻ˹һХ˵ǿ²ѡ
Щħ֮ӰеѪеͷ­飬еؿ˸󶴣еʧȥ˫ۣ֮ȥʮֲֿѰ֮ˣһĻȻŵĵѡ
ɷɷɷ
ħ֮ӰɶѸټһаɷħ֮Ӱֵ档
ֵסħ֮ӰǰȥǰһƬİǺδ
ԼԼȴܵõʲôָȻһΣϢȴҪȥ
ԽǰߣΧħ֮ԽˣħХ֮ҲԽԽ£ڣǰԼһ̨
Ǽ̨ԼŽʮɸߣȥħ֮ǶɣɭȻ¡
˼̨·ԭ̨һʮ˲㣬ÿһɸߣ˰׹ǡ
⡭
Ҳû뵽ﾹһɭȻµħ̨Ǻ˽ڴˣΪ˭
һɲǣȻ뵽ˣԭڤڤ֮У˵ģһħ̨ΣϢǣҲ̤ǿ֮ıؾ֮·
ԭˡ
˿̣ˣߣһʥ֮·̤ȴһħ֮·
ҪȥǼ̨棬ӭʲôʥҲãħҲգע
һ̨ʱʱܵһɼصħϢҲƲħ֮ڤӣҲԱԨ
ڶ㣬ħ֮ˣĺֹ·Ҫһһգۣƿ̨棬ħ֣֮ҪǰյԨһ
㣬ħХ֮ϣ쳣ҲȻһɿµϢֱӿҪû
ÿһֻ̨һɸߣ棬ÿһ㶼Ҫķһʱ䣬ϵȥԽϣԽǼѡ
ʮ̨ʱ׵粻ϴмζЩϣħХ֮ϣѰ֮ˣħХ
磬硭
Ȼ䣬ɶ·𣬲ɶδ溵ǧѵ
ЩϤһʱ֮䣬ֻе飬ͷȴ̲סͷһۡ
ֻͷһۣЩԨ±ûɶӰӣҲûʦãûδ룬еľµħѪܵצҪѪһ㣡
ͷһ͵ػعҲͷ˫һţʮһȥ
ȫǿµħХ֮ΧҲǿֲħ֮Ӱ⻤޹ߣΪа󡭡ħ̨棬ʧҡ
ڣ˵ʮ˲ħ̨Ѫ󣬸ֲħ֮ӰܣϷ̶
ħ̨룬һɫʯͷ״һͷǣ͸һ޾Ĺ졣
һΣϢͬʱҲһ޾ջǿźɫħͷ֮У̲˽õ
ֻκο֮ˣκҪõǹˣնؽʧǣԶħ֮У԰Ρ
ħ̨ϵ׹ǣõ˵
ԭˡ
һɲǣͻȻһ׹ȴǲף֮·̫һȴɵΪΪݡ
ɣΪɣħΪħ
ʥ֮·˼ѡǱ޳һħкη
˿̣ǺȻħһͣһһǼ̨ȥ
ǵħħѲ⣬ħħ
һ˲䣬ֺȻ˹еͷȴɲ䣬һһǼ̨ȥ
ʱ˿̣ԺһĻһĻֻ˴ǰǰţ壬ʦãʦ
ϤףϤĳƻһ㣬Ժӹ
֮ˣ²Ϊףһˣйһ˿һƽҡ
ģѾǿźɫͷǰ֪һΣ˳ɽٵĻΪؽͻƣһ˲䣬Ŀڣ֪ΪΣ˵Ĵʹ·⣬һһ룬Ĵš
ǳħҪɱң޻ڽ
һ̣Ժ棬뵽ȻʦѾȻճħ಻ڽգһħ֮·
һΪɡ
£ֻ˫һգ֮ģٻڸģһ̧Ǻɫͷ水ȥ
һɲǣӿħ֮Ȼӿ˹ϵҪ˺Ѳ񷣡
غɫͷħֱ֮壬̨Χħ֮Ƿӿ˽
¡¡Ҳһɫ磬Ϊ羹Ǻɫ˿£
ʱɽ棬ƵҲɽȺӿһһĺɫ£
ǡ
Ƶ˿ٴӵվ·һ̣ҲܵɽȺ洫Ŀħ֮
ʱ˿ֻ̣ʲôһɫɽʱȻɫСӡħˣ
Ԩ棬һɫ磬Ҫ˺һδħֻߵ·˲ͬѡ
֮ˣߵĶһʥ֮·ߵģһԻͷħ֮·
ʥѰһĶɸأѡһħ֮ء
ħ̨棬׹ҷɣħ֮ϳ
֪һΣͻƵĹؼڣɰܽڴһ٣ûлͷ·
Ǻɫͷħ֮֮ԥϥ£תо
¡
һ磬ֱܶܣֻӲΪ֪ʲôⲻѰ磬ɽµ췣
䣡
Ȼף̨ħֵ֮췣֮ͬСɣһ˲䣬ͱʮɾ룬Щ̨Ϸɳȥ
Ǻܿ죬סΣٴȣӭһ׽٣ҲãħҲգѶ췣׽١
ڶ׽٣һʱ£һʱʱħ֮δֵܵɽʧܣһΪ
һʱܿ͹ȥˣֻϺܲڶ׽٣𽥳Σ¡һ·˺һ㣬ֱħ̨
䣡
һΣֱ˳ȥϵףҲѺۣϹűףҲܲס췣֮


1361 ħ
ܿ죬ٴסΣû뵽ףҲܲסֻ֮ǵڶٶѣÿһʱٶһαһ
һʱȥˣħ̨ħ֮ԽԽأЩħ֮ȫ۵ڣԿ١
¡¡׽ѾΣջһ磬ֱħ̨
䣡
һ죬ħ̨һҲٴα˳ȥһΣϵ׸ȻѿѺۣ໹ٳһˡ

һɲǣһѪҲӿ˳Ǻܿ죬ٴħ֮޸ĵط
ڷÿһΣٶһαһգܲǶɽʧܡ
ܿ죬һʱȥˣĵٺȻһΣҲܲס˲飬һƬһƬɢħ̨棬δػҲû취ֲֵ١
٣ܿ⣡
һΣѪգȻ̨ٴ˹ħ֮Կһ٣
ȥһһҹʮʱʮ٣ȫһ˵ֿˡ
Ǵ˿̣ȫѪ죬ϼһļмطͷ¶ˣѪܿ
ǰʮ٣Ϊˡмʮ٣Ϊءʮ٣Ϊ족
Ҳǡ족ءˡֻɹʮؽ٣ؽһ̤ʥ򣡵ȻʥǱʥѰ̤֮ʥ

ʱɽ棬Ƶһһҹһһҹȴ
ʱ˿̣񲻶ɽȺ棬֮ǰÿһʱήһ٣٣Ϊ֮ǿԶԶѰ٣ѵСӣѾ̤ħ֮ˡ
ܵˣɽȺٽ£ʱɾߣйĽһϵˣһɾ׷
ɾɽ١
ľѣǺɾɽ٣˿٣
뻹˭Ȼ֮ǰˣɾǸ׷֮ˡ
СӣȻ¶ڶɽ١
ʱǰʮɽֶüҪȥץסɵڣ޷ƿɾĽ󷨡
ԣ٣Ҳδ̫һЩҿСӵΪ٣ɡ
߻˵֮ʱֻɾϿգͻȻһƬƣ׵һɿµ֮˲˹
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һɲǣ˵Զɽ߸ɫʮΪߵˣҲȻʧɫ١δ̫ǿˣ
һߣĽݹҲ¶˾ɫ˵֮ǰʮ٣һǿһһ٣ǰʮ٣һģ
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˸޷֮ǰǸ׷֮ģǵΪȿֲ٣
¡
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⣬⡭
ɾϷŤ˺˵գʵ٣˲£кˣܳܵס
һΣʮΪߵߣҲסˣղһ٣š
ܣɽ٣
Ǵ˵ħµħ٣˵Ҫ޳ħؽܳ޷ܵ٣˽ٱΪħ٣
ħ٣¼ħ֮Ī࿹Ⱥ߾ߣҲԳܲһħ٣
ôܣѵСӡܡ
ʮˣ˿ûһţղǿǵ٣ģţ
ʱһطӺˮȻҲһֲ٣ˮǲ˵ˣѱɫɷס
ʹ̤ʥĻղһ٣һ˲ҷ
ʦ壬٣ѵ
ʱˮɫɷף˵ҲЩˣһɾ棬˵

ˮӸһôСӣǿô˿µ٣
٣ʦ壬Ҳ˵ܹ׵ֵ˲Ҫҷˡ

ʱħ̨棬ֻѪŴѾѪģ඼·ܹˡ
֪ղһٵĿֲԨȵµħ֮۳ħֵ֮ȿ٣ȻѾҷ
һʱָٹһʱһٱֻή٣ʱܲɽʧܣǰ
ʱħԨ棬ɶ֪ʱˣħ֮Ӱɶȥŵұܡ
߿߿߿ǲҪɶŲǡ
ʱ˿̣¼ˣһֲֻϻţһֻ۾һ·ǰܡ
ܹУڼ̨ϱĿ񣬴ʱ۾ֻħ̨߷˹
ħ̨ȫħ֮Ⱦ֮οɽ٣ȫǽƣܹ
ɶҪ
磬硭ء硭
˿Ѫӣɶһ¾Ϳ˳һޣȴʹ飬˵ɶҵĻȥҪ
ءǸ磬㣬㡭
û£ȥ
ҲҪأɶҪ
ɶ㲻ҵĻ𣿡
ۼһֽǱýɶɶٴѪģӡ


1362 
硭
ѪܵӣɶһҲǱţڣҪǰĻ
ɶ˵
ʱڶɽٹؼʱڣ߻ħǿһһ˵ɶҪڴ˶ɽ٣̻ɹȣɹ棬ǧҪǸ˽ˡ
ˡ
ɶ˲۾·ʱɹ棬һˣҪ͸粻
ǻˣһ뷽跨ңɶǧĪҪˡ
һһŬ˵ţʵ޹ɶŵҪҲǹߵʱ򣬸ɶܿͻȥȻû뵽ȴڴ˶ɽ٣ˣɶܲģôԨȣɽҲһˡ
¡¡
ʱƾۼһε֮쳣ֱħ̨ħ֮ӰХѡ
ˡ
ۼɶڷ㶣ɶ뿪ȥɹȡ죡պ㣬ǧĪ˽ˡ
硭
ɶһ̧ͷϵƣʱҲƺ࣬ͷţɶĻһ˽磬㡭һҪúõġɶͻȥˣø絣ġ
һ˵ţһʱķȥʵܶ£ֻǵѣԽղԨ
ȥ֮ڣһٳҪ˺һ͸һɿµĻ֮
һ˲䣬ħ֮۶𣬡䡱һȴԱһ״˳ȥʱѪɽϸѪģ׹¶֡
ǿ֮·Ϊǿ֮·
ۣ
һѪӿ˷̨ϣϵѪһƬħ̨ҲȾѪ졣
һ֮ɢˣһ٣һʱԼһʱ䣬ٴħ֮޸塣
ֹһ죬ʮٴϣȫѪģͷҲ˲֪ٸ

ħ̨ѱѪȾ죬ſڵһղǡءһ٣ֱӽŻˣһֲġ족ʮ١

ʱ˿̣ʶѾģˣԼԼ·˵ϣʦ

ʦʦ
ˮϪˮԶ˺̹ǣСһɪɪɫϣȴȻҧ֣ܵ£ܵ£ʦġ
ʦܡɣҪٴˡ
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һ죬ֵһ٣ϣħ̨֮£ħ֮ӰҲֹ

ڻָʶ͵һ˫һţ˲һħ֮ڵħ֮Ҳһ·ӿ˳
ףת˲䡱һħ̨һ𣬶һ·˳ȥڿУһѪۣһٺˡ


ɹ棬ƽģȴɶСɷף·ղһ˲䣬ǸµĻ棬૵硭硭
ʱɹ棬ƵɫҲΪ֮һ䣬ֵŸղµĵط
һ١ħ٣Сӣѵѵ̤ħ֮ˣ뵽˴ƵϸǾʧɫС޳ħǡ
һɲǣȻһּΪõԤУɴʱȴƲɹȵ󷨣ֻ溰Сҽȥ֮£˭ҲȲ
ɹ棬ɶСɷףʱĺ΢΢һ㶣漴ס˫ȥ֪ǻ뺦磬ƭԼ󷨡
֪ȥãħ̨ϣһһɾ棬ĿɿڴߣǿֲŵûɢǺˣܳ˿ֲ٣
ˣˡ
˵ʱɽ߸ˣĽ೤ߣҲţ˿ֲ٣ǳʥٰ֮Ǵ˵еġ̫ʥ֮١Ҳˣ
ʥʮ棬ÿһҪɽ٣Ϊʥ˽١ѻСﵽھž۷壬Ҫ̤ʮ̫ʥ֮ʱضɡ̫ʥ֮١
̫ʥ֮١ν̫顱Ҳˣ˽ٷͬСɣǰŵʥ˽ٿɱȡ
Ǵ˿̡
Ŀɿڴɾ棬һٽ£޲˾Ķǣʥ֮٣̫ͬʥ֮˰
ôܣôܡ
˾ţֲپһ׷£ֻΪɾ棬ʲôֲˣѵǰĸ֣
һ뵽ǰĸ֣ȿֲ٣˶ʱ׹Ԩɾ棬ʲôһ̣в¶֮ǰ޼ɵˡ
ô죿
ʱʮмߵɽߣҲüһʼǻΪС¶£ڿȫô¡
ǰյһǿһҲͰˣ٣Ǵ˵ħ٣С¶γܵ
СӵĻɾ棬ѲɻһϹħ
ħ
һ뵽֣ڳʮˣٸߵΪһƱɱһµߣʱҲ̲ס˸
ϹʱڣЩħֲ¹һϢǻҷһɵʱħ֮ɣ䷸ȻǿħҲδܶ

˿̣һ棬ƶ֮ϣɵ¥ʤĽһڵ
һĹֻаλ׷߸һ飬˪
Ľϵİλϣԭڱչ飬˸˲òǰء죬ɾ٣ĽϣĵԲ
񳿰λϾһԲߣ¼ǣҲ޷ɾĽ󷨣಻֪澿ʲô
ǰˣϴĿŲɣɾ֮в飬٣ħ֮٣޼٣ħ٣־ô£
λο£
⼸˶üʱλڡǬ֮λī³ߣڿʵ
١벻š
⼸Ȼüһ̧ͷ˵ҵ꣬컯֮٣Ҳвˣ١Ҳܲ
Ŵһ˸˳ĬѵĽһϣڴػ֮õɾ澹ħ
ֱ޷ħ٣ħ֮Ī࿹ǰյڣѾ½ʮ٣գδʧǱ˵һһο٣δ֮»ҷ𣬷Ļʧ


1363 
ħ١
ĬãǬλī³ǿڵʱ٣ħˣǡܹܵħ֮𣿡
Ŵԣ˶۾ʶ֮ɾ֮̽ȥ
ΪٸߣҲӦΣãλһ׷ſڵħ֮٣ħĵǣ»ע⣬ԼħԨǱߡ
ħԨ
һᵽ֣ϼλϣһüħԨɽ磬һУ֮£ǣħԨĻǾ鷳ˡ
ʵЩĽһڴˣѲ£ҲԸپЩɽУ¿ƽӣڿҪͷˡ
ô죿
˶üɾһħĽǧ꣬˿δв¾Ͳ˵ˡ
һŪãǻᱻǣۣ˵ħԨйأǵʱĽϣ˶ܵǣ
üԽԽãλŵֿ˵˵죬˶δܽɾΨһ֮˽ȥˡ
ܹõʱЩˣصĽƣ˲ʶˣұҲ򵥡
Ǭϵī³˵˼ǣħ֮٣ǽɾйأ
һһ±øӰˣǣ̫û಻Ӵ⡣
š
˶˵ī³ףֽŵ˵죬˽󷨵ʱʮ򶨣ҳ
⡭
λһ룬˵ɽ֮УѲˡ

˵Ԩ֮£ħ̨棬ȫѪ죬һ۶ڸղһ֮£ˡ
ʱʶԽԽģ̼µħܿħ٣һǰŬҲͰ׷ˣʹԶµħ٣ȴǶɽٳɹ
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һε٣ǿˣƷӿ治绮·Ҫ˺Ѳһ
ʶģѾǵãǡ족ֵڼˣ֪֧ȥɽʧܣֻлҷ
ڣҪôɹҪôʧܣûеֿܡ
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˲ʱ£ħ̨һҫǿ⵱Уٴα˳ȥѪħ̨һΣұҲϵˡ
ǰһĻĿģħ֮ӰХѣ̲ͣЪ
ôĸоϮȫǺһһ飬صڶߵ
˭ૡ
δ롭
ʦ
ɶ
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Ȼɲ˽٣ִɲڡ
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·ʱӿˣת˲֮䣬ʮ֣ȫΣȻħ̨
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Ȼʶδִ
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ֻ٣ʶȴȻδҪһ
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ǣǡ
ɽߣһ̶һɲǣ·ܵˣһϵ壡
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һ٣ȻһΣȴǻһףϴħ̨ϣǸħ֮ӰҲ˲仯Ϊޡ
Բһ̱յͨԼһʱ䣬׽ٲɢȥħ̨棬ǿһųһоԻҷ
ħԨȣҲųΨޱߵţκ·Щħ֮ӰҲڸղһ֮£ҷˡ
硭硭
ɹ棬ŮɶˮǺɽȵķ򣬸ղŵ׽٣ܸܲµĻ֮
ʱɹ棬ƵҲסˣ˼Ǻɽȷ򣬴ʱǱѾûܲĺѾɢȥˡ
Щһֱ棬Ȼţղһ٣ǵʮ٣Ҳһ
Сӡһˣ
һ٣ǰʮټҪֲ٣ԪʶҲ˰ɣ
֮࣬ƵҲ˿СӲܿסһ٣ǳ׻ҷˣҲ뵣ģֻɢȥȥ׽סС鼴ɡ
ʱɾ棬ɽҲز£޲Ŀ¶֮ɫȻĺѾɢȥˣҲȫʧˣǸղǿֲһĻѾӡԺҲ޷ɢȥ
ʮΪɽߣʱҲǶ˻һղһ٣ֲ޷ģȫۼҲһ˲ҷ𣬳Ǿžǿߣ֮£һ
ɾ棬Ҳûκζãߵ˲ſʼСȻ֪ɾ棬ʲôղһ٣ħҲδؿסɣ
ϣô졭
ǱߣǶЩ㷲ʧȻ޷򿪣ǲ֪Ҳ֪Ƿ񰲺ãһҪٳֻº˭Ҳ޷롣
ãĽϵļλ߲ŷ׷׻ع˴˶һۣҡҡͷղ٣ʹԶҲܵˣǵ٣˳ܵס˭ٵģڶضѾˡ
Ϊ׵ߵȷӦɾʧˣĽҲضɢʱôˣضȿֺɾӿ룬ɾƻҲ޷ؼ飬κˡ
˼⼰ˣǳߵϣԥ˴ȥԸȥ㾡ȫ֮׼ɾϧһдۣҵ飡
ԣǾһɾĽȥֻʱǽɶ֮󣬴ңȫɢһΣˡ


1364 
ɾ棬Ѿȫɢȥɽ죬ɹ֮⣬ƵƺҲˣɾĽ󷨽ƣʮգЩ˱ض
ɹȵ󷨣Ȼûа취򿪣һֱȴȥĻҲҪʮգ֮Żɢ
ʱȻܹȥˣʮΪˣҲѾˣЩҪʲôǽʮ˷ɹС飬ܻķݣ
ο滹һ֧壬Ľһϣ˴ξȫ֮Ҳκ˴飬ʱûʮˣѵҪһ˶Ըһ壿Ҳǲܵġ
˼⼰ˣƵ˵𽥱Щòײðսɾȴû뵽ֻһʱɴ˿̵ľ棬Ҫ취Щ˽֮ǰɹȵ󷨣ȥС׽ˡ
ʱɹ棬ŮɶۺͨͨģڣȴֲɹȺĹԨȥһߣǻ˱ƿ󷨴ˡ
ȵڶʱƵδҵ󷽷ֻɹ溰㻹ǿЩɹȴ򿪰գգֻɢʱľȲˡ
ƶһԣˣӺǣжЩᣬƶ
ȥ֮飬ɢȥʱƶҲֻܽΪʱʱѾȲˡ
Ƶ溰˿ʱֱ֮ʱδɶȴʼղҲ𻰣ס˫ȥ˵Щ
㻹𣿡
Ƶɹ߽һЩֻԿһ㣬ֳ֮˹˻ȥ
ƶ˵𣿽ǵˣȥȲˣʱҹҹҲ޲Ǹѽ
Ƶ޷ȿڣһ̾Ϣֳöˣۣ֮һԷ⣬һ覣һبԵȴʣӲ룬òûգȴ룬ˮ£л̾ʵ컯Ū˰
Ԫһߣס̾Ҳɬˣţ·̨ϳϷƵģҲϷҪ
ɹ棬⼸ɶͱ֣ʱ澡Щ֮ʣؿһɬʱӿҲ̲סǶߵ飬һ´
һޣԭʵɹһһţҲ¶
Ƶ֪ղһЧˣаϲȴװϷʣ⣬ÿ޶˳жġ
ء
泪Щʣ뵽ǰЩպ͸һ𣬶ôĿĿ֣Ҳˣɶͷ޵û찵ء
ԭϸ꣬һ¾ͳ˿籩꣬ɹȵøŨˣ֮飬ҲȻǿࡣ
ô¡
Ƶ棬ȴֻ꣬ɹ꣬Ȼ컯ôȥֻҪ¡
һ߳£ɾ͵òʧˣæ˵ƶã˵ЩĵģĪҪٿˣ˵ڻеþȣܵãƶȽ
һɶͣ濴ȥ˵ģ𣿡
ǻм٣ƶˣǿտ˵׻ǿҪеġ
ƵϲСѾͷȻСѾͷҲȻúƭҪǻСӣɾƭˡ
һɶȿڴƵ˼ˣиǴϲȴ¶˵ϳˣǰ٣ضѻ٣ڻδȫɣ󷨣ƶȥؾԪ
㣬㲻ƭ𣿡
ˣɶȻЩ䱸ƵЦƶˣƭ㣿ƶǼСһΪףʵڴ˰
̾ӣɶԷһ˿裬˵ǣȷģƭҵĻ㡭ͱС
Ƶ룬ѾͷȻƭЦŵúúãƶڹǰģƭ˹ĻͱһֻС󣬻ģѧС
ɶѹУɴʱŹֻģ̲סһЦƿ֮ʱȻֲʲôæһˣƭңƭҴ󷨣
ңƭأ㿴ղŰҲˣﻹҪƶſƶأ
Ƶ̯¶һεӣʱɶȴһ±û࣬ߵƭң֪٣֪ںɽ٣֪ˣͷβ㳪Щʣںƭңûءߣתɹȥˡ
ҪߣƵһ죬żǣ˵
Ҳɶ˫أʧƵҰ
Ѿͷ
Ƶһһѵ飬˻飿СӸʲôû취ˣȻƭǾֻİ취ˡ

ֹȥʱ䣬ĵˣħ̨棬ųûκһ˿紵ݶ
ĻǣδȫɢֻǻƬͬһʼħ̨棬ûƮߣҲδʲôֻ֮
תᣬ컯
ڤڤ֮УˣˣؾԪʱ
һһ飬ƣ֮ʱһ½գħ̨棬Ԫ񣬾Ȼģһһ㣬ʼۡ
ʱѾһ𣬵ȴȻûʶʱԭҲ֣Ƥ⿪ʼһ
ֱʱѾ𽥳ΣҲѾΣ۶ڱǣѾֽ֣Ҳֳ
һĻ޷ͣȺɽ߿ˣ¸߸֪Ѿ֮»ҷ𣬿ɴʱȻħֱ֮˼顣
Ҳȷʵˣ޴˴ħ֮ĻҷˣŴͨˣҲؾԪ
ܹ֮ԼԪΪŴ˴ħ֮ħ֮һɲ֮ͬʱĲ⾳Щȱһɡ
ڰʱѾȫֻǻδλ۾ȥǶµħһûκϢ
ھʱ򣬻ǿʼλ𽥽Уֱʮʱǲȫȥʱü֮ϣѾһӡǡ
ӡǣǴħӡҲǴӡһһ졭һħӡ


1365 
ɹ棬ѾȥʮգɶĻʼմ粽ǰЩյʱƵ˻󷨣⼸죬ƺࡣ
Ѿ𣿡
Щղ洫ɶЩȥʹթȥ
һ쵽ʱ򣬹Ȼһ΢𵴣𵴲ǴɹȸǴӺԶĵطɾ棬Ѿɶˡ
ɶȴΪͷһţȥֲŵ㡭㻹𣿡
˰죬˻ӦǰЩյʱƵͻӦɽȴްֶɶԽԽЩţһǹȿڸȥ
㣬㻹𣿡
ɶЩ£ͷ濴˿ӰǸеһĪĽţ˵ˣһǰ󷨴򿪣ȥȸɡ
һ߽䱸ţһǰȥɼ˵ҲȻƵ˵ӰӣҲûκ
֡ѵ𣿡
ɶЩͷԣȿڸϸ۲һȴȻ֣⸽ƺ˱𴦣֮ҲԽԽˣЩطѺۡ
⡭
ɶһ漴㷴Ӧ˹ǵڸֲ⼸첻Ӱԭȥˡ
Һֵ磬ҪȻ󷨣׼˸ƻˣ˼⼰ˣҲԥ˫ֽӡдȥһ
Ȼȥʱ֪ΪΣ֮飬ʧøӿˣƱ˹ȥ
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һĻɶһϵ츳ôܻ⣬ǻڰе
֮ʧԽԽ죬ɹȵ󷨹âҲԽԽʱԶڳƵ˵Ӱ
ֻһһ߽ȿڸɫȴЩɷףƺЩգҲΪС
㣬㡭
ĳ֣ɶϸһʲôΪȥˡ
ߣ
ƵһߣɫЩҰףҪЩ˽ˣȫٵȸʮ£ɽɢԼԪ֮˴жϣ𴦣
ƸˣΪƿ󷨣ĲСʹ鵤ҩҲղָܻЩҵ֮ǰ׽ס飬Ȼȥ𴦡
ܹ׽סһ飬һУ˵УҲֵˣ˼⼰ˣһɨȥ䡱һ󷨶ʱһҪһ㡣

ɶͻĴһˣ̧ͷʱڿƵ¶ˡ
㡭㣬Ȼʲôˣ
ߣ
Ƶȴԣһɨһ󷨳ȥ䡱һɹȶ
㣬㡭ֻ
ɶһҧٴֻ֮һƵɫĹâϷɴܶһֽ󷨸ȶ
Ƶһ벻˲伤󣬶Ҷˣȶ
ʣʱѾˣʱѾӦ˽ˣ죬ѾȫɢȥЩ˱ضѾӵ룬뾡ץס飬Ȼȥ
˼⼰ˣֻһɨһɾ˹ȥ˾ţ˱𴦣֮鱾ͿҪɢȥʱɶעҲֻӻɢȥʱѡ
ڶ֮ʱڿҪ֧ŲסˣɶҲ亹乣ǿҲסġ
ڣ֮飬ѾԽԽ͵ͣսݽһ
棬ƵɫҲÿʹѾȥϢڲزסɹ棬ɶϵϢЩ˱ضѾˣʱ߸źܿͻᵽ
ѾҪɢȥƵһݣһɨһƣһ䡱һڽȥˡ

ɽ棬ɶɴһˣۼɢȥ˲תȥ
ҪӣƵĿһ䣬ƾһ죬㻯һӰֱɶץȥ
㡭߿Ҫҡ
ɶ˾ţȻڿһԾһ»ɹ⣬ɹȺȥ
ţ
Ƶ˵û뵽ȻܹɾĽƣ·ϵ£ܹ谭ȥ
ߣҲӵ
һƵ˵ʶϣһɨҲһ˲䣬ԦɹȺ׷ȥ
ɶֻʵħԨȴ̴˴ɭϢŵòǰ·Ԩʱӿˡ
磬硭
ħ̨ķȥɴ˴̫ԶʲôҲں棬ƵѾ׷ˣΪڶԷҲֻһҧԨȥ
˵Ƶˣ׷ʱһ޾ĹԨҲ˿ֲһط
ɾ˭뵽棬Ȼħ֮أһ֮ء
˿˿ϮƵ˲ȫ˸ﵽʲôطɾ֮У˿µһط
ȻеǷ켫ΪɴʱҲеһɲǣ·иھȥ棬һ
ǣѾȥˣ׽ס飬һŬͶ׷ˡ
һ̣ƵʮҪȥ׽ס飬ɶħԨһη壬оŮŴͨˣˣȥ
У׽ס
գƵһҧԨȥ棬˲ܵһɱ䣬һ˵Ĳ֮С
Сӡѵˣ
ԨȵףƵȫ亹乣շһɨһԪа֣׷ȥ
ɶͣܣɱϾƵ߾ΪٶǺε֮죬ܿ׷
СѾͷĪҪܣ
ƵʼոоǰʲôͷЩ䣬һ죬ֻһӰֱɶץȥ

ɶŵ÷һУԨȵµխ޴ӣۼҪƵ׽סһɲǣһϢ֪Ӻδһ˲䣬ǽƵ˶ԭһ


1366 ħ
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Ƶɫһ䣬һ˲䣬·Ҳֹͣһ̤߾󣬱δܹ˵֮⡣
ָоǣԷ·ֻҪһϢܽ飬Ϣŵħ
Ƶ˲زǰİ֮ʲôѵǰħ
˿̣ɶǰܣۼҪܳҰΧƵ͵ػعУΣץס飬һŬͶ׷ˣǰߣʲô
Ƶ˵ľջһҧһ£ʱɴܶһ´ǰ߷ȥ
ɶǰţٶȣϾ÷Ƶˣת˲֮䣬öԷƽˡ
СѾͷͣ£
Ƶ˼ңһǰȥûץסɶһĵ⸽ʯɣЩ
ɶԷ˳ȥƵѸȶΣһ۽˲ԣһ죬ҪץȥһɲǣԶһѪ顱һһ½˳ȥ
˭
䶨վȣƵϾɫһղǲһǡһʶ
һʶܽˣһɲǣ׹ѣԨ׺֣ʹֹʱĿһſԶԼԼһ߸ߵļ̨
̨
Ƶ˲⸽ħ֣֮޷ղһʶǴӼ̨洫﾿ǡ
ѵ
Ȼ䣬Ƶ뵽ǰЩյħ٣ѵħ٣ڴ˴ʱǼ̨棬ѵǡ
ʱڼ̨棬ֻȻ˫Ŀգüһħӡ֣۵һɲǣ˪Ŀ⣬ֱʮƵ˼ȥ
һ˲䣬ƵȥΧҲһ±ų綼Ǳסˡ

Ƶһ۲ţղĿ⣬ӦСӣôܡѵǰЩյ٣ǡ
ȻƵ׹ԨֻеһɿֲĺⶸȻһɲǣǱ˶ס˺Ҳãʱ˿̣Աɺ⡭
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1367 ־
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1368 
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ֻһɨ˲߳ԪΧ֮ƣһΪߵİȥ

һײʱһĴ죬ֻ߳ҲǰһǾʹޱȣ˲ȥеĽסЩ˳ȥ
һ״͸һɱԣͳѸ磬ֱȡƵҪȥ
Ƶ˷һɨʱɿ磬δȴȸе̩ɽľѹδֻܿؿһʹԷһɨţһ󵹷˳ȥű׻Ȼش

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1369 
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1370 ɱ߾
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ղ˵ģձˣȻʦ֣ԱǸοߣʦܡ
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Ƽȿ½ȺƵ˸ɫɷףһʱû򽣹صϹŽȺֻ룬ΪںϣԷû⽣ȺԸѵǺħԨõģ
ʵںϣ⽣ȺԸƵˣɵʱ˫Ϊ̫գһδܳɹɱԷԤϣ⽣Ⱥ֮Ȼ̤ǿ֮Եʡ
˽Ⱥ֮£ձߣ˲ʧԶɽӰղÿ߶ԸΪ˸ԼȡᣬͬʦҲƣȷʵĺݡ
ȥ׷ˡ
ƵҪȥ׷ձߣȴһ̧ձķƵˣ׷ձߣġħͨĿǰҲֻɳ޷˽ס


1371 ɾ֮
תƵ˿һָۣһݡһһö㳯˹ȥ
Ƶ˽ӹȴһöŵ⻪ȥΪĵҩһ£ȥʱŷӦæлСѡ˵꣬㽫ҩ̷ȥ
棬ɶ¹òֺԵȫȻ֪ղ淢ʲôʱЦЦ˹㿴
ֻػʢ⸽вСﶼ˹׵ӣĿȸҵĺӡ
ɶ
ȥժͷϵļƬҶ˵Ҫȥˡ
Ҫô
ɶһüתЩɰСǲᣬЩС￴˿Ҳһ
ȴò磬ԣ
šû
ɶתͷһЦɶȻϲ뿪ɶϲһԸȥɶҲȥ
š
ḧ˸ӣֻգϿһκμ䣬Ҳκλ䣬ؼ䣬һȾ顭

֮ɾѲ֪ж٣ɾҲ쳣ңʱ𵴷Ѻۣͬɽ֮϶ɽ籩һ£ǱȥģΪٸߣûӳġ
죬ҲѾɾڸĻһգܳȥˡ
ЩʱգƵ˸ԣΪȺˣûô׶Ըˡ
ʦֵˣһˣô˱ȻѾ֪ˣЩˣҪôɾѰԼҪôԼȥ
µɾʧв˿ʼ⳷룬ôʮˣҲѾˡ
¡¡
ʱԶһ𵴴ֻǱ߷򣬺Щ˱ǽѰû뵽ȴѺۡ
ͬɽ֮϶ɽ籩һ֮糱ˮ㷭ӿ֮ɽ壬ϿȣһоԻҷһЩûѣ֮Уһ˲䣬
Сѡ
Զɿӿ֮ƵȻ߾ΪҲһǵ֮Щ֮ܿ⣿
ߣ
Ҳ룬һ½ɶ˲仯һâԶȥ֮˵ǼµħҲδܹ˿ˣοҪɶ
硭
ɶ£
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⸽ӿ֮Ƶɫһ䣬һɨ߾֮ͬȣȴʮ⣬оžĪ֮ܿ
ߣ
Ԫһߣ̤գ˲仯һӰ˳ȥƵ˽һԪסһʩʥֿͨΧ֮
һʱ˲ȥȫ֮أΧʱСˣɶϣץһֻ˾¹һһֱ
ɶû°ɣ
ûû¡
ɶعΧ˿Ŀ֮һƬǽ壬ϵĵ׹ɽѣʯͷɽҲˣﻹаɾϢ
Сѣô죿
ƵɫЩ΢΢ףղǾһĻ˿¡
ʵȱ˶Ƚͷɾ죬úؽ䣬ԭЩȥ飬̫ãȴЩˡ
ֻѰ·ˡ
Ÿɽ壬ԭռƻܹɶȥɸղŵ֮֮ǰ·ȫˣֻԶ·ҪЩʱˣ;ʣ˭Ҳϻᷢʲô
ɶô
ɶ£粻ҪģһŸġ
ֻɶͷҡø˹ƵģĲ£˵ͷ漴ǣţһɽȥ
Ƶ˷ӦҲȥµΣʮƾһˣɾڽġħҲ뿪

ʱɾ棬ɽΧۼɽߣڻ˲ֻʵӳ˭û뵽ɾ˴ıʡ
ԭһΣΪ¶㲻Ϊ¶ܹҵһЩҲǼõģڣ¶Ӱû˵档
ĽϣһαǾۼǰɾ棬ǲϧһдۣҲҪҵϿᵽġ顱Ϊͻıʣв棬ˣòȫ
˿һ棬λĽϵĳɾߣϾɫĽһϣѭϿͣڴػɾ꣬δйκʧְȴ飬⣬Ϊһеıû֪Ϊʲôֻߡ˭ڲݡ
ֹʱ䣬ɾ𵴵øӾˣѾӰ쵽棬ɾΨһڣҲҪˡ
һɾڱʧô˭Ҳˣɾˣɾһͬʧ
ϣô졭
Ľϵˣʱ齹Ȼ죬˲ھѵʮˣɾˣȫѾˣǡ顱ûҵ
ΪҪǣһɾʧֻ¶ĽڵҲӰĴЩɽ߲ģĽϵˣͳǼſڣܹ
ʱλϣҲأȵĵܵӰ죬ǸӵĵģȻϿᵽġ顱
Ҫֻ֣һεıʣʵ̫ͻȻˣǰʵѾԼЩԤףƫƫʱӣֻűȱ˸ɾȴˡ
ȵȡǻǵȥǸ𣿡
ʱһλͷ׵˳Ȼἰ£⼸߾ɫһڽ飬Ƿ˵ʱһɾǸˣǸ׷ˡ
˵һȥû˽룬¶ɵʱ򣬿ɵ죬˷Ҳ˷飬⵱л᲻ᡭ
˵˴ԱһʱǻȻһ㣬˵˼ǣˣڸһ𣿡
ųܡ
ʱһ˹ɾڵķĿ΢˵ǿЩûУЩȻҲڵš
ѭŻ˵ķȥֻǱߣʮ߾ǿߣǽһһĸ֣ڰ֪ŶأЩ˽γ¶װݡ


1372 ǰļƬ
˿̣һɽϣֻվӰƮƮˮӺʦֶˡ
ʦ壬ûп
ˮü˵ţѾҹɵգۼɾѾʧˣȴȻѵǱ𡭡
š
ٿӣЩɾζʼվֹˮֻż߷ȥͬʱ΢΢ü֮УҲɻ͸
ʦ塭ôˣ
ǵȥˣˮҲǱȴǱƲ죬κ
û¡
ֻعͷҲֻǶ˰ɣŮԶأοʹҲܻˡ

ɾŹȥʱ䣬澹һɽسݣϣҲһһѺۣνѣҲˡ
ɶ
֮У˲֣һɶ˻ղһη˳ȥ
ѾѺۣһȥûĿܡ
Сѡ򣡡
Űɳ죬Ƶ̳з·ɳգǼѱ򣬶ɾ죬ÿÿ·ߣȴѺۣղòı䷽
ı䷽򣬶ƫԭĳڣһƫˣȫʧɾҲȥ
ߣ
ԥɶţ̤գȥϧûһķзζ޹̨
ֹһһҹʱ䣬ɾҡҡ׹·ʱӣʱƵҵ֮ǰĳڣ⸽Ѻۣһ
Сѣô죿
Ƶɫ⸽ѺֱۣܲӴȥɣһ
Ƭ̣ɾ͸ˣߡ
ȴԥħڣΣյĵطӳˣֺξǰһССɾ
ѺȥƵɫһףûа취ҲֻϾ𼸵ԪӶٸȥ
硭Сģ
֮һʬ޴棬οûһԨȵħ֮ˡ
ɶ۾
ֱɶָһڴߣһҧѪһѪԪ֮ӿ¡¡Ϯ֮ɢˡ
ںߣƵ˲ɫһ䣬Ըܵħ֮˵ѪҺϹħ֮
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ɶ¡
ڣȻɶپѪԪ¡һӭһ֮ɢˡ
¡¡
ڶɶ¼ˣ˫ۣͷؿڣֻҲץš
ǹһڶը죬ֻеЩͷĿѣԺʱһЩϤİĻ
硭粻Ҫߣ
ɶ¡иڣϣ˭Ҳ˺ɶ
ءΪʲôҪȥôΣա
ꡭµ񣬻ȥȴɶ㲻ס
磬һҪ

ǰҲΪֻȥǣȥΪһˣΪ
Ϊģ֮ϵס

ˡˣ˷٣ѷٸһˣ
Ϲٻꡭҹ
ҹ
ҹҪ

ȵȣ˭ˣ
ǣǡǣǶ¡ǣ˲Ѿ
ƺˡ
֣㡭

¡¡
˿̶߾޴죬ͷ·ʮ٣ħܹܵס֮
磬硭Ҫ
ɶɫɷף˿̾جһ쳣ɴʱȴݷģָһѪԪ֮ǰһ֮ɢˣʱʵɶôˣ
ɶجһ۾ҡͷüһʱ˲ôˣѪԪ֮ǰӿ֮ˡ
ԼСǳڽˣһɲǣȴȻѣθӿͷ
̫ѪԪ֧ȥˣǰѺۣɵѪԪ֮޷ȥ
ǿȥˣʱѪԪģһȥǱЩסˣûһ˿ķ֮
硭ҪҪ
ɶ˿̣·һѭجСɷףϣҲ亹
ɶôˣüͷһ壬֪γȥʱȴӹɶ
Сѡô죿
ʱƵҲɫҰֽǰƬѺۣһ̲̾סŰ˾Ҳδسÿ֮
ɺѾʼˣٳȥĻɾһͬԶɢΪ̡



1373 
Сѣ
ƵɫɷףǰѺۣ˫Щ΢΢Ȼֻܷȥǳ岻ȥѺ۵С
ǰ߿һۣѺۣȵɽ֮϶ķ籩ѺۻҪ£ûжٰճùȥʹöµħҲѱɶ
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ʱ˿̣ɶȻ޷ͷһۣһᣬԼϣһ̤ǰߵѺ۳ȥ
Ƶ˼״ҲԥһɨһԪǰȥɰڴһ٣ڴˣҲųȥ
ѺۣȶиҪö࣬ȻѽѪԪޣü֮ϣһħӡҲֳˣȻ޷ѺۣǿĽֻлҷ
Сѣ
ƵɫһۼҪǿѺۣʱ˸ĵѣæС
Ȼһ̣ȴκһָһһѪԪ֮ͬʱһɿֲħ֮Ҳӿ˳ȥһ±㽫ǰ֮ɢˣ

Ĺֻɫһ±ЩɷףѪԪ֮ҲԼǰߵ֮ȴ˳һ㣬طӿ˹
Ƶһæǰһ̤˫Ƴһɽľʱǰӿ˳ȥȻȴֻԵֵס֮Խ֮ɢ
ʱֻǰƲ㷭ӿ֮ŤһɽسݣٲȻһƬĩ֮
ˡ
Ƶ˸ɫһ䣬ղһɲЩҲֻ߲ȥСѣǰߵĳڡˣ
֪
ɫЩףǰƬѺۣô죬ѵԶµħȥôһ
硭硭
ɶôˣ
ֻɶСɷףưΰѣϺ;ȫǺˮҪ˺磬˺硭
һɲǣڣȻӿһɼǿϹһɲǣ㽫֮ɢˣ
һĻƵ򲻸ţһǿҲ޷󡭡
ɶ
ǿһҲֻ֣û뵽ʱͻȻѡ
һֻ̣ģȥЩղʱɫԾЩס
硭
ɶߡ
ǰѺѾɢˣԥţٶǰȥ
һϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰɾڣȻղŷ̫ɲٿ죬Ҳ޷׷ȥˡ
ʱζ޹̨һͺˣڻȪ£ζ޹̨ܹһ˲ħĽ֮ߡ
⡭
Ƶɫһ䣬ϧҲûʲôķз⸽ѺɢȴȻؽƣҪ˲ƹȥܡ
ѽǰȻȴֻšɾڱ
¡
һ촫ⷽԲʮɽ御Ա̳ɹΨһɾڣǱˡ
ʱɾ棬Բʮڣ˹̣ҲԶֱƬ̺̳ɢȥ
˶Ŀ¶ɫղ˭ţɾڣˣɾҲҪʧˣЩûܹˣߡ
˱϶һ亹ǳ磬ʱҲͬһɾ֮С
ϣ
ĽǱߣʮȻǸֲ̿λҲǱɾڣһղ۾ûգһ£ɵûпκ˳
ʦ壬ûг
һߵɽϣˮ΢΢һ䣬ɾѾˣˣûг
ԱȻһǱɾڣţһа취ֻǱˣδʧȻٴ򿪵Ŀԣ΢΢
ڰʮ߾ĸ֣֮ͬǰӳձڣʱЩôãѵСӾˣ
¶ô죿Ϊɽ¶꣬˼ʱ䣬ðΣա磬ĪǵվֻǾˮһΣ
һ̣϶ٶЩԹ޲֮ɫƻûܽһ
˼ⲻ֮ʣǱɾ棬ȻһɼǿϹ͸ʱøһǡ
һɲǣֻӿԭѾɾڣҪٴαһʵţѵܹǿ
˺󡭡˺󣡡
Ϲ꼰һ̣߶ԶȥеļɽɵƲ֮ϣ

һɲǣҲиӦһоˣһ


1374 ʮɱһˣ
ܵɴɾ͸Ϲһߣʮ߾Ҳ䱸ܵȻ˭Ƕضڵһʱ֣¶
ʮ߾֣ŲˣԹΪΪʳȻһ˲¶
֮ǰǸߵձߣڲ֪ۼٸߣЩƺյˣΪ͡
¡
һ죬ԭɾڣֽһһɿֲ͸˶ȥ

ʱɾ棬ӿֱ£˹ԭȴǷٵ
٣ʱȻ߲ʶĿӳһ㣡
ɶ˺󣡡
٣һ̣ѽޣҪ⸽֮ȫ˲ܽĳٴγ忪
Ƶվں棬߷ֳִ־ɫû뵽Ϲ١
٣ضķҲ֪ЩˣǼֻ֮ɱ˶ᱦ֮
ڣ˹Ҳѽ˼ޣ

ɿٿʱͬɾҪ˲ѿһ㣬䡱һɾڳܲס֮ķѣױ
ߣ
ջ䣬ͬʱһ죬ɶһƬȥɾڱѱʱǿѿ֧Ų˶ã᳹ʧ
Ƶ˷Ӧ΢΢һһɨҲ˲仯âǻѺȥ
Ȼȥκ˿һɱ
ߵƵ˴ȥһԴǹϣЩ˱ȻڵȥղĹֻ²׶Ըôˣһξˡ
ƵȻҲ֣ȥˣɳȥ֮󣬱һԱѪս£Ҳûѡˡ

ʱ棬޲¶ɫղһ£ضɽҡԭɾڣһǿճǿʧ֮ʱֻ棬һ±Ӱ˳
Ȼ
ʮ߾֣һ۱㽫˳ͬʱĿŵǸŮϡ飬ɽ¶ڣ
ʮ߾һɶڳɽߣûһܲɶϵϢ
뵱ɽ¶ʱףһɲǣ˱ˣŮ¶ڣ
һ˲䣬˻δӦֻӰȳɱȥ˳صɱȻûһ˿أ
ָʹΣ׼˷һ˲䣬ǬУ򽣹صϹŽȺɲǼ˳
ӲӵһƬԶ˻δʲôָֻһȺʱͳһնȥȻûϵϹŽȺͻȻһܲʱѪֽźһ±նʮ߰˽أȫҷ˳ȥ
һǽȺͬ£һʱһɺӿ·ӹŹǰһղǸλãˣ
ȻӦбһâȴƵһ㳯ͷȥ
飡
һͷʱѪԽ䣬ͷ­ֱķѣͬõһҷ˳ȥ

ֲһĻɶЩιȥһָһٻ˽ȺŸɽߣ仰ʮ֮ڣɱ⣡
Ļ˾һҲղһĻסˣ˱ȥɱһգۣûӦȴ˫˫˶Է¡
ϡ㿴
ĽǱߣȻע⵽ɶǼλɫһЩţ飬顭ȻϿģǾ顭
һɽϣˮҲղһĻסˣ̼ǵϴӹʱһΪǸղš
ʦ壬㿴𡭡
ˮӶЩţ֮ǰ˵򽣹ɱоһ֣ԭΪЩ˱ģһʲô֣߾Ҳɱ
ΪβŶ̶£Ϊ˿£Ȼʦ֮¡
š
ڣʮֳԶ˵Ѿ̤ʥˡ
ʦ壬˵ʲô
ˮӸһвӣ֮ǰȻһֱûܿʵûʥ
ѵѵ
һ˲䣬ڷӦǰǼգʮ٣ԭڶɽ٣ǣǶʥ֮٣Ҳ˿ֲȻһȴ
ˮԽԽǸе˼飬˼ӣδҲ̫ˡ
Ŀʵһ㶼⣬Ů۴κˣһΣȴƫƫˣˣѰ֮
ֻû뵽˹ɽٶ꣬ԭ˼䣬ѳô
죬һǸŮӣһĺˡŮӣ˫ޣҲɲ⡣
ʮ֮ڣɱ⡭һʮ֮ڣɱ⡣
ʱһ·ֻһӰڵĵطȥ˲ǱˣƵ֮ǰǸӣʡ
ǰӵһԷΪµ򣬶䱾ҲӲ࣬ӱȽСĽĺ
˿ֻ̣˹Сʹƣҵ򿪽󷨣񡭡ôҪһ˶¶
Ŀ⽥˶ɶϣˣĿҲ͸һ̰֮ɫ
ɶմ˯ôˣȼƣʱ΢΢ţȻǺ¼ˡ
һ̣ձ䵽˼ޣ˶ס˺Ȼ֪ʵΪжߣЩѰ߾߿ɱȡ
Ȼû뵽ǣʴʱͱ˵ɱȴֻһ֣
һ֣ȴ˶ܵһĵ׵ĺ䣬ˣ޲һ
Ҳû뵽ԷǿӲдʱϢ
ɾɽ֮ǰ޾Щˣο̤ǿ֮ϢѾ֮ǰֻͬǲЩˣһЩ֮ϵݺ֮ƣ
һ̣ŶԷϴɱϢҲһ⽫Ҫһջ˻˿治߽ʮ֮ˡ
Щ֮һ漴ߵ˵ôλ¶ˣ
ŴԣЩ߾߲߷߲Ƶ˿ȥһƵѣһˣ
Ƶ˽ڼϣԣգѾѪս׼ˣղɾ澭֮ڷ࣬Ҳʶˡ
ֽĿ˻Ů˵Сһ˱ٴ󣬽Ҳȫˣ齻ɱǡ
ԣɶŵûһק䣬ϸ硭
ɶ۾
һһɲǣҲҪסһԶӣҲ΢΢һϢ


1375 Ѫս
ţ
ܵɺ֮󣬸Ҳһ䱸һ߰ٶʮѷɽΧһѰѲнһý⣬ȴҫۣ
һ±øţԶв˶е΢΢һѵҪԸô֣
ߣ
һµһߣ˵ƾˣ봳ȥտ²ףһ˵꣬ԣ˲ҲѽӲӵķɽһ±㳯ɱ˹
ǾһˡƽϷâ˵֮䣬Ľ⽣ȺѾɳ
ɽΪ֮ǰ򽣹صʱ򣬳Ƿ֮ϣѷӳʱ̤ʥ֮ǿ⾳ɽȻǿࡣ

һļ󣬾кüֵķɽ˻ȥԶ˲ָеһϣĲнôƲƣȴû뵽֮
ϹŽȺ̫ʮ˴˿̿ͬЭʵģɣȥӲɽʮ˾ȻȫԶȥµȥ
ˮһӿߣһָһĲнǽҫۣʮ֮ߣԱɽնɱܿ죬⸽ʬǽ壬Ѫɺӡ
Զɽ߶ˣ⻹ʮɱһ˰صɱʵ˵ľ
ɶҪۡ
һֻֽɶţķɽΪãʹָĽһûκ谭
šɶ£粻ҪġɶץֱۣҲ۾ʹǺ£Ҳ˵
һߣƵͬɱϣϺͷȾѪɷǣȴֲɱһ˫۶ɱͨ죬Զ˼ˣеһ󲻺
Сѣȥǰ취
һʮѷɽƵѸ߿£˹˵ԽԽˣҪǵԪ
ֻǰߣ֮䣬ӿٸߣЩΪ˵߲ߣܹ֮ģΪٵܵ͵ȥ
ܿ죬Щ˾ʿһ֪ķɽȴȻسˣ
á
һߣ쳾ʮ޾ɲǼĬģΧʱе·ɴܣǳˣ˳ȥ
ЩȫĶ֣ҲƵ˵ԷҪľ˵ԪһԪľٸߵΪҲûˣܽЩȫס

һ죬۹½ѳУǺ˵Ľ⣬ʹúԶˣҲеһǵԨһ¡
ģ
䣬ָǰߵļٸߣղŵһֹ֮󣬼ٸ߶⣬ʱٱ۹½һ𣬸
Ȼ˭ֹ֮ˣ
Ǽٸߣ֮ͣ󣬱˴˶һۣƲҪһֳ
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쳣Ѫȿ£ɶؿڣ̲סز۾ǲһ¡
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һ̣˶ڲţϵϢ̫ˣɱһֲκһ˿ء
ԶĽϵҲʮֽţһͷ׵üҪҪȥ
ȵȡ
һֹסˣȻǲ𣬿ڵľƣʵϣοӣҪ飬ʱȥĻ𲻱Ҫ鷳
һɽϣˮҲסˣԺֻ˼ǰǸһÿÿҪȥȴʦšŻǱֻʱɱͬһ𡭡նɱɽߣҪɽΪ
վһԣʼĿҲϣƿһ¡
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Զϣм߲ЦҲ͸һ䳰ȷ벻˼ߣֶξǻҪǲˡ
ôһղҳԼô
ʱԶǸعˣȻ֪Ǵﴫڳʮ߾֣Ȼ޷ʶ˵֮ˡ
ĳвգǸ¡ͷ¶β⣿
һ˵ţһ߽ʶ̽Ѱ˳ȥҵ˵֮ˣȻ̤ʥ֮ʶǰȴҲ޷ҵ˵ġ
ܹϳ֪ݵģض˼ˣͬ˼ߡƺû˭ȱ¡
ʴ֮صĳңǰ˵ı£Զʤǳ棬Ҳܻǳҵˣ˭ǿе˼ˡ
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ʱһɳƵε˵֮˲Ѱѭȥȴһľȵձߡ
֮ǰɹ棬ֵߵձߣʱԳɱͳޡ
ٺ١
ֻһЦɳƵ˵λֶ֮εȷǻȥɽ¶ڴۣҵȽɾȰ¶õ֮󣬱ȥ󷨣˶ȥٺ٣
һ˵֮⸽ɽߣʱըһͬʱٿĿ⣬Զһɷŭԭ˻ȥɾ󷨣ǲЩ棡
ձɭɭһЦǶģ˵Լ˶ķŭ
ŵ֪һˣɾ涼ҵЩʲôó￴Σ
һΧǴɾ֮ҲãҲգ֮գ鲻˽ˡ
ʱԶɽͷ뷢׵߷˹˵Ҳ͵ӣҲһǿߡ
˱Ҳȥ¶֪ǰ˼Ժܷȥ
мһµİ׷ߵǰɾҵĶȫóգҹɽĶûпܴ˼䡣


1376 ˻ģ
ɽĶûпܴ˼䡭
߻䣬вɽ߷ǳںεĿģӽ죬Ƕȥˡ
ʱ˶ˣȻ鲻䣬۹½ҲʱʱĽХͨһ
˵һ飬λҪңҲ⣬ɱ
һһĽХʱԶһյҪսף
ߣ
棬һ̴۵СɾɽٳɹҲ˿ɾ֮а˾ΪҲ߲ˣ
һ˵꣬Ԫһ𣬵ʱƷӿԶ˽ԸеһϣԭҲһ߾ĸ֣
ĽǱߣҲһۼ̫ɽ֣Բһǿֵܹǧնķɽһȫɱûκһ˿ͻΧĿܡ
Ȼֻ˷ɽߣ߷˹һԼɽȥΪơ
һ˼жж£ǹɽ磬ֲ񣡽ر뿪
תۼ䣬ǧˣǧǵУҲŲҪġ
ˡ
ĽǱߣһ׷Щ˴ȥһô죿
οЩ棬вĻ죬ǳ¶ȥģһ㱾ٴܱ֤鲻ܰˣ
˼⼰ˣǰ׷ٹܲô࣬ЩˣܲĽϵĻɣ
ֻ˫һ㣬ȥ䵽ǰ߲Զ˵齻ǰɣĽһϣڴػɾǧꡭ
˵꣬㳯ȥĿ⣺Զ㡣
һһɲǣԷǱ񣬾׹Ԩһ¡
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һѪͷһմĽǱ߷˻ȥ
ʱȫѪһͷ׷ҲȾѪЩѪģ֮˵ġ
֮ǰɾ̫ѪԪͬЩ˴ôãȻЩԪ֧ǳ֮ǰǰһöƵĿľɢֻѵ¡
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֮ǰûһ֣ȻϳˣŮºˣȹǰɽ񣬴˿̱ϳҲûʲôֵġ
ô
ӿʱǰɽֻɾֹˮŮɳ
˫ۣջɿɶɶλߣᱣ㡭

ɶһۣһۣȴʬǽ壬ѪɺӣҲȫѪһţЩιȥ
ƣѸԣס˫ۣ𿴡
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ɶմ˯ʵͬʮһŮֻҪǴһЩȱʬѪɺӵĿֲǳӼ˶£οһССŮأ
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һ˵ţһԶЩȥЩҲûڴʱ͵Ϯֻһɶ
ʱɶߣӱΪ߲˵Ů۵ˣʮ߾ĸ֣ʱҪǿˣҲҪúõˡ
Ů۹ȥоžΪΪ˺εǸ֪ˣֻҪָǻҷ
һ㵱ˣȻ߾Ϊɽܹȥ磿
еߣĿƲƺûʶ۹½Ŀ£ղΪҪɶʩչûκι˼ɣǵУûκܹܵ۹һ
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ˣ׷մѪ۹бָ棬ѪۣѪ͸ǲϷͳХ֮
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˽
УĿһʱҲע⵽еĽһʱҲδϳǵ̫֮һ۹¡
ѵǽǡ
ĽǱߣע⵽۹£̫֮׵ĵ۹¡
ͬʱҲǡµһаûκܹԦ˽ǣõ˽ߣҹദö֮޲ǱǷɣ³
ԭǡ۹£ǡ
Ľ棬һ¶֮ɫʱϵľɫȸղɾʱҪصöࡣ


1377 ɱ
۹½ַԲʮһ̣˶еľѣ˶ɽ˿̾ò

˷Ӧὣߵеնȥһ֮˲䷴ӦԪ֮ǰɽʱâʢȻȴһδų۹½òȥ
ߣҲʱشɫһףͬƳܲס˿ɿֲ˲ȥ
Ա߼״ʱҲԥֱ·ɱ˹ĹƣֲĽҪأһ˿أ
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磬硭
ɶ棬ҲӦ˸ΣգϵţԱߣ۾ŰеսҪ
ת˲䣬߹ɫ䣬һмǸߺ󣬻ؽɨ۹½Ʋɵһ˵ĽҲ˳ȥ
Ȼû뵽һ֮˿иǶ˼ּɵ˴˶һۺ֮ǰߣͬʱΪĽһһ˲乥ȥ
һɲǣϽųĽ⣬ҫ۶ĿЩڻķʱѾûκãκηܹƵ۹½ֻܡԸտ˸գ
䣡
һ쵴ø߶ĤѣֻϽ貣ɽ۹£âãȴȻƵ۹½۹µĽƵòϲ
⡭
Զ˽һȻҲΪʱ۹½壬ǰеߣԵüΪ߶Ԫصɽʼǰа֣ڴ˿̵۹µĽ֮£ѽѾʼ
ٿҲ˿̵۹µĽһ㣬˲ָһ۹½ϸǽһ¾Ƶߵɽȥ
߶ʱɫһףҪסԵɽȻһ̣ȴеǰ֮ѹɽйƲɵǱˣҲƵòȥ
Ϣ֮ʣֻһ֣۹½񲻿ɵһɽͬʱѺۣϵĽâѸˣһ±Ȼ޹⣡
⡭
Զ˸һߣһɲǣɫüҰףҲͬʱɽһ޹⻪֡
˽ǧɽԪͨκηҲԽ֮ݻ٣ھȻ
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ɽ绹˼䣬С˽һ˵޽֮ˣ˼ǧɽԪͨһˣôҲͬԪشΪ
һ㶷֮ˣôĺǻɽͺñȷ䣬Ӯ˻ֽŽһ̡
ʱѽͬʱѺۡؽݻ٣
Ϣһɲǣָһ۹½ϣʱųһ콣⣬顱һ죬ѽͬʱѳزƬҷ˳ȥ
ߣһ˲䣬ҲصػһѪ󵹷˳ȥ䡱һײһɽͷϣʱ̳
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˭
ջص۹£ĺ׹ȵףԭȻǰߣʱߵĲ״һ̶ȥ
Χðԭʮ߾ָ˼ʱҲŻ
ۼټǰձִ߲֪˳ɳƵЦ˼ĵһ֣ҿǰѽÿһΣɫֻһְף⽣Ҫ㲻ѪԪ֮
Ŵһɫһ׷ȥԭˣֲѽҪѪԪڱ濴£ܳŵöã
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ɱɱɱ
ɱ죬ԭ֮һ̣Ǳ޳ȫʬ壬ҲѪꡣ
ԶĽǱߣһĵǶˣǺѪȿµĳȴⲻ֪ɱ֮㳡ʲô
ǰɽħԨһս˫˲ǲѪ죬ȷѪħɽ궼ûɢȥ
ɱ
ɱ֮Ȼϣ˶ɱȥеĵ۹£ѱѪȾ죬ϣҲһѪϢ˫۸ǱѪ죬·ħһֲ
Ľϵ˶ľ۾Ҳգһ£ӻɶѪϣȫѱѪȾˣһ̣ǺȻһ¡
ħûһ޹ģ۹½ԩꡣ
ɱ
Ȼ䣬˷ֳߣȫѪѪˮһϴϵȥ
ɱ֪˭һЩȫֽһ±쳣Ļҡ
Ԫ࣡ɽ½壡ӣ
һȣĵֲӰ˲˿У˽ԱͻһĻǣǡ
ĵӰ棬ԪʵǿΪǰ̤ʥɽˣȻɱʱ򣬻ṳ̂ʥɽٳɹԪǿҲͬǿ
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һ̣Ҳɱۣһ£ĵӰʱΧϮɱȥ
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Сӡȥɣ
ձһֱԶŻʱȻץס˻һһ䱳ȥܹ͵Ϯɱȴ϶Էһ˲תһסľȡ
ɱңƾ㡭
һɲǣ˫֮Уħ֮Ӱ֣ձߵʱһתԶȥȻȴ͡һ𣬵۹½Ӻֱӽᴩˡ

һ̧ʮƴŲһƳȥձ߸ԪӶߣȴվһһƴʱһƬѪ
һɱһ߾ǿߣԶ˶Ŵˣȥһ̣ϵɱȴ˿δĿ⣬Զһ˿ȥһˡ


1378 ȷѪ
ԶƼɱ񣬵ʱеһɺһ˲䣬Ѽһѳɽ
ͬʱѾ˹ղձߺˣһֱڰΧɱɱˣڳɵߡ

һ죬ѽײΧʱʵΪ߾ڣûô׻ɱ
ɱң
һɲǣʵҲʮֱ£Ȼͬ߾֮ˣΪȴձ֮ϡ
Ϊء
䵭δ䣬һն£һ˼ȴɫģƾڣеѡ
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Ȼ˫֮УһâϢһȷӦһ˲䣬һָüĵ
飡
һ죬õüĵһָȴӲǱԷֵֻ䣬ߵϧǲһ㡣
ô
һ˲䣬˫֮кȻħӡΪʶԲͣһ˲ħӡеһϣǡ
زӦָһһ˲һħӡҲǡħֶΣħͬɱ֮á
ֻͨл죬ϴʱĹȷһʧɱȸ֡
ղһָȻΪڶԷöԷûзӦɱУȴǲһָС
飡
һ죬һ£ʱħӡüģû˿ֿ֮һѪ󵹷˳ȥȻԪش
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ϧպò
䵭δ䣬͵ԾͬǸղɱձߵֶΣʮЯһƳʴȥ
һƣƾأԲ֮ڣʱʯɣԶ߾һҪɱʣ
ӵһ֮ߣɱʡ
ԶЩ˷ӦһȻ£ĿѣʱҪһħӡ֮λֲܿһƣ
¡
һ죬쳾˾֮УҲͬձһһƣ
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ɱֽ֮ȥĿ⣬һʱ䱸
һߣƵҲеһȻɱʣǴӴ֮죬򡭡ֹ˭ܣֻķҪɱ
Զľˡ
ɱ֮ɫѿˣζòɣղûжýΪûаգӴʱ˵ʩչпٲ
ĹûаܹԽס߾֣һʧ֣ٲֱֻɱ
ʱģЩ֧Ųסˣ鷴֮
ԶΧЩˣʺձ߲ǱסˣɴʱּѾԪ֧·ץסĻһ׷ɱ
ȷǿԪһȳʮߣɴʱȴͻȻеﴫһʹҲ죬ǰһ°
·񲻶ؿһҲԪľˡ

һ伲촫ȴһһϣȻǽȴն˱һ͸ȥ
׻
ۼ⣬һƳ⣬ս֮ʱȴѾԷµɱһ˲׹Ԩ
ǰһ̣⣬Ϊ͵ϮشԷˣû뵽һ̣㳢ζ
Ӧһͷ顱һһƶʱͷ­飬ԪҲδ롣
δʹ˽ָֻֽһһƲƵ꣬Ŀһ䣺ڡһ
˵գûõʬ˳ȥһ˲䣬һǰͬһƽɱл꣬ȡ
š
ɱ˺üɽ֣ɱ֮л꣬̽쵽ǺźɣȻɵ˳
һʼ˲֪ʲô˼͵ҪȥЩɣ
ǽڴΧɱˣǲȥ֮һЩţ
뵽˴˽Ըеһˡ̫ˣɽһ٣оɱҪһɣкβң


1379 
˿̣ЩɵԶˣ޲ľԭȥˣһ̶¶˵ӣʶȥ
ȡ߸
ȫɱ֣䣬˵ľֻڰзȥÿÿ֣ضһɽɥǹɱֶ֮¡
ƶȻת䣬һʼŸɵΧɱ֣ѡһĿɱڳˣԶԶֹ߸ɣ˭ôˣѡأ
ǻˣԭҪɱȥˣһ̶ڷ׷ȥ˭ҲΪһĿ꣬ҲͰˣһ֣ôպȥ棬ضţ
ڳˣ֪֮ģ޲Ǹɶ֣ڴˣɣҪȥк֮ѣ

бƻ轥ɽҰʬɽѪɺӣȷ˱Ƕ֮£˵̡
ɱڼˣҲ䵽˵棬Զ˶ľؿҲûһ˸ҳȥˡ
һ̣ɽ壬˵İǰһĻǺεȴĿģ˶ڲţôˣȻûܽɱô
ƻ֮£˵̻̣ȫԡѪϵѪˮˮһµ䣬бɱ֮˵ѪҲԼѪ
ۣ
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׻壬ɱôΧɱѱһˣҪǣĹ󣬼ԪݽߣȻɡ
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飡
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硭磡
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ŮĿ᳦ϣһ仰Ҳ̲סѪһ´£ɶԲ𡭡
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ԽԽʣڻ֮ʣ¶ȻεΣܡ
¶
Զӵ˽ɫһαΪ¶˼ʱ䣬ʲôرһҲϡΨһҪĶֻ¶
Ǵж֮ʱȻֻǶ߷ƷӿһɿֲǿϢֱ˹
һɲǣڳˣ޲һЩν߾ǿߣһ̣âڱҲҶһ£Ϣ֮£꣬Ҳ


1380 о
ʦ塭
Ƕ߷򣬷ӿˮһ䵽ԣӴʱأԣһ߷ȥߣȥĽϵܱܡ
Ȼ߾һ֮ˣӲ˽ţʱܷɣټսȥ
һߣĽϵļҲһ䵽ǰǸ֣صصߡ
磬硭
ɶʱɫʮѿҲٴβѺۣϴħ̨٣ѾһΣٳܾ»ͽһ٣޸
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һ̣ҲϣԶˣȻǳɶֻȥĽܱܣָ˵

ĽһɶȥɾһɲǣԶһ͸ʱĽǼ߻һҲԶ
վһǵӰ˵һ˲䣬ɽ帽
ƶ֮ϣ°׷ģʮӢɣǴ˿̵ϢԷֱΪǲϳ˭о˭
һ̣ڳˣڵʮ߾ߣڴʱоϢ£ûһġ
ȴɻ֣оôͻȻˣ
˵¶۶ɣ˲ɽɵˣоҲΪ¶δԵʧݰɣ
ҾҪ¶ôˣαΪأ
ʱƶϵоȻҲֻһֻһסȫˣŰ˾Ϊӡ
˾Ϊŵ˵һƱɱȫ߾ߡ
ʥ˾žĺÿһǶʮǧû˿ɱԣ˵һ֮ûпɱԣһС֮䣬Ҳʵ⡣
֪оԶʧԶӭ֡
ʱĽǱߣһϼת˲⸽ɽͷһź۵ߡ
ߺ棬壬һ۸һƽ׽˵º֮Уڶ۱һɲ⣬Ԩһ
Ⱥ˲е΢΢һϣĽݹ壬ɲ֮ˣ˭ѵĽϵϼ
ȻΪȴֿǳΨƶϵоʱ΢΢˵ͷĽݼ

ͻȻڳĽϵ߾һһĵǣͲ֪ǰ˭ӳ𣬾ûм
ߣǱˣȴĽһϵϼĽĽڶǰѽչأڼδĽһĵӣֻδˣЩɽߣǾ͸ûмˡ
˿ֻ̣Ľ򼸸Ľϵߵͷʾ⣬漴ȥ֪оˣĿľȻʧЦݣ֪оԶΪ£
һ̣ձø£˽֪оԵ޹֮ˣΪ¶ѵǡ
һɲǣ˲ĿⶼŵǸŮϡ
ˣɾŴ˵Ů¶ʵ벻ʲôˣأ
ϵоȥȻֻоָŮֱԲصɽб䣬ȣغҪߡ
һֳոһ±ȻоΪ
Զӵ˾룬һоѴ֮õˣ¶Ҳˣ¼˱֮¡
ϧ˿̣ǵУ˭վ˵һ仰
ĽǱߣ˶С֮ĽһϣϿͣڴػꡣ飬ɾ֮еϿᵽ飬Ľһϣڴػ꣬ƾʲôоһҪ齻
Ľǰ˼ϵо֪Ľһϣ֮ڴػɾ鵮ɾ֮У컯¡ܽо
ձԽԽˣʱĽһӿڵĽһϣԶɽڴ꣬λˣƽ˵оҪ飬˵ùȥ
Ŵһոһ±˪Ļ̧֣̌ʾԣֻϵо˹֣о⣬飬Ľһڴػ֮ãձ˭Ҳܽߡ
ĽݼûҸղ˵Ļ
оɽǹǿϢľ˶ʶԶȥ
ֻɽȥʧ⣬ħԨôϮֻɽֲʧغҽսߣΪɽ룬һˣλס
硭
ɶţȻ¼ˣоҪߣ֮Уʮּ½գû˭ֹˣĽһΪߣҪоԵУ֮١
Զӵ˾룬оҪ飬˭ŵľʲộΪ˹ɽ磬Ϊʲô˭Ҳ֪
ձԽԽ䣬оĿ⣬Ҳ˹Ŀ棬һ˿㣬˿Ͼ˲⾳ĵ㣬ǿˣҲ嵽
˿̣˵ĿײϵķâһЩһ֪ΪС
Ǵ˿̣оһδоǴ˿һ֪עΪˡ
ǰʱ䣬ȥɽǸˡ
оĿһȻһƽƽϢȴصһѹø˴
ǡ
ɲΣоɶΨһֻ̣ʬħͶµħˡ
ЩңĺҲȥĺˣһ̣Ϣʼң龹ת֮
ҲգǱ㽫һߡ
оĿ⵭Ȼ˵֮ʱ΢΢һ̧һǰۣɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˲䵲ǰߣеоܴ
Ŷ
оĿϣǺˡ
¹ȣӴ˿̣ǲ˽֪ŮоһС

оĿ΢΢һ˵֣Ů۴ԭ棬𣿡
ǡ
ɫ򶨣ݲȣں棬һ桱֣ˣԭɭиԼҪҵǸˡ
ֻΪΣ˹ɽ󣬱Ҳȥˣ£Ҳûж˼ȥ¡
оո˵ҲܴΪΣ
ڴʱϢ£ֻǿ򶨣˵ҷŮ֮عȣоĪҪ
ԭˡ
оɫȻص˻ȥɽ˵Ů֮Ů۽ڴˣҲһΪף°ա
֮⣬ҪǿҲ飬ӹȻΪͣܳסһаʽֻһָ
һ±ø䣬ˮһҲΪвӣܹݲȵо򶨣оѹһϢǱҪܲסˡ
Ϊ֮ʱ⣬Ȼһ䵭ŮҽڴˣִΡ
䵭Ůڳˣһ׷׳ķȥǡŮۣ


1381 Ů
ֻƻ£һӰ֪ʱѳ⸽һλ绪ŮӣһȴʱϼҪá
˫ûµҹһ䣬ƳԨһü֮䣬߷ֳȻ⣬ȴֲȨ
ڶɽ˸ҳƵһ
һ̣Ľһϵˣǽɽߣ·𿴵óˣǵУ˲δŮ۵ľ绪һ·Ҳȥˡ
˾֮ˣеڶ
μŮۣ
ӺˮӣΰȥȻ򶨣ˮȴǻ̻̲Ҫ˵ջһôŮۣȨ֮£֣ܲ̿
ҲڷӦˣŮۡȻϸŮۣ
ȻҲֻһɱоǿ߼ȨϢǾη컯֮Ȩ·Ȩɱᣬһ֮У
ƫƫ˷绪˺£ȴ̲סҪ࿴һۡ˿⸽ˣǺìܡ
ƽ
ŮɫȻһ⸽ۻ֮ﾡɢֻƮƮǰ߲Զ֮Ȼһһ˹
˶ס˺һŮʲôϵΪ֮ǰһֱھŮҲȥ
УоҲŮ۵ΪͣһµĻ治֪ɽ˲֪Ҳ֪
ֻŮߵǰҲλ绪Ůۣԭˣ¼䣬֮ˣʦȷʵûܼ绪֮ˡ
Ϊβҡ
ŮѾߵǰ˿˫ָ۾ص
շ·һ±ýһˣϸŮۣ˼ΰݣοʱѾߵǰˡ
ӴʱҲЩţ˵ʶãȴ˽ˣսѪҲЩ˵һͷ˿̣Ů۵ͷأ
Ȼʹ˿ԵģηŮۣȴ治ɫоҲգϸŮҲգаѷ֣ħѱ棬˿վǰģ֪ǵѣ
ֻҷɽ֮ˣΪҪݡ
һ˸һǲʶôҲֻ˸Ů˵ˡ
Ŷ
Ůٴ߽һЩͲ£ɱ㡣
ոǱñ˪ʹһ򶨵ӣʱҲԽԽţŮҪɱһˣǺεȼ򵥣εף
ΧҲԭΪη壬ȴȻͦأ㣬Ҫɱң˲㣬ǷҲҪȫɱˣ
һڳ֮˸޲һ˴Ůϣ
һ̣˶ִͷĸоŮһŭ꼰׷Զ˱ȥ
˼
Ů䵭ǰȻһ̧һƳȥһ̫ͻȻ˵ΧûзӦԼûܷӦȷӦ֮ʱһѽʵʵϡ
飡
ŮһƴؿڣʱһѪ˶˳ȥ
硭磡
ɶֵ˹ȥҲǶȻһɫһ±ЩɷףŮۣ㡭
˴ͣȥŮΪҪ֮ǰŮһֱԸΣҪ£Ϊڣֻһ䶥ײ㽫
硭ء磬ѣѰ
ɶϣʱ˫գѪѾûκʶ
Ůһ䣺ءԣŷӦ˹֣ǡ
Χˣ˸Լʶôмֱ£ҪŮϡ
ϸһ롭ƺЩ԰
ֻŮ˫ָеоȥо㻹ô
عеоȥ˾һɾǿǧδֳʤˣĪҪڴ˴һܣ
˵˽ģǸԵһҪĻҲǷͬСɵġ
ΪνĶǷΪΪȾ磬ʱ޿ֻ̲ܹһ̤Ǵ˵֮һԳ֮£ǵı𣬶׳
˿̣ձԽԽˣоҪ´ˣŮȴҪ˴أ˵ʲôˣ֣ǵҶ᣿
ڳˣɵÿʼ
оŮۣʱԣȻƽͣʵɱأ˭ȶ֣һضʩԻԵĹ˿ء
ı£˶еľɴܣ˻رܣ˿ǱⷲˣòԶȥ
оŮȼսΪմһ£Ƿˡ
˿̣ĿţƽϷâһҪԷһϧ˭Ҳ͸˴˵ʵΪ
о˼⣬Ů۴ˣز¶ڴ˿սս޷ܾˣ಻˵ķͬھˡ
ƴʯ٣ûκκôؼ֮ʱ䣬ͨͨãһְգʱ죬ʱ١Ҳ١
˼⼰ˣֻĿ⣬˵һǰȥɽұʩССͽ䣬ȻŮԸΪͣٺò
һ仰ȴǸ˫̨£Χˣ￴ϸŮۣҪɱʵڱ
˵ףоɵŮΪɲ⣬ŮֺۣγɵΪصо


1382 
ŽŮ۵ͻȻɱоղò㬶ʱĺɫ֣ƻµһз£һ̸С
ΧҲɸȴδȥʱĽϴЦŮ۵лŮۣս֮
ء
Ů΢΢һ̧֣Ŀɶͣһ漴ڵص˿˵ȽأһҪȥ˱𴦡
ŮۻҪȥһˣɻ󣬵ʱҲҶʣֻ˹֣ǡ
ء磬磬ǲҪ߸磬Ҫ˺硭
ɶۣϣˮӽѹİɣµġ
ء磬硭
ɶ˰ߣһ·׷Ľϵȴסˣ飬ǻɡ
ҲҪһǲҪ߸硭
ɶҲҪŮۺˮ׷ȥΧɽ߻ţĽܴ⣿
ǰλһ·סɶǻȥġ
ŮͣΧ˿˿ɢȥڤ޷ֽ֮ؾۣλ뿪𣿡
ԣ˲ƺȻѹһ֮Ѿʼʱڤ֮ϣֽ޷֮ˣڲߵĻʱ߲ˣǿûŮۺоı£˵˵߱ߡ
һɽߣΪ¶㲻Ϊ¶ҲΪǴ˵ر
û뵽Σ֮ȴ˴ıʣ¶ûõ˵Щǵòʧ
Щǲס̾¶Ҳˣ˼ʱ䡭վֻһΡ
˷׷ȥһɽϣƵѾ˴طʱŮ۴ȥˣô죿ϵħûн⿪˭ħںʱ

һºΡΡأǧ⣬ѩƮɾȴٻƽ̨¥۴αȣŮƮƮϼ
ɾٻŮ֮عʮ԰ٻΪףŮƽӣɾߵĵطΪԷ
ǰѾӴˣѰʱһ˴أҲҪ£Ů۸ԡ
֮˹ȥջδϵˣѾȬѪ£Ҳ˻ˡ
Ժưΰ֮䣬ԼԼǸ·ǰŮۣ֮֮ꡭ
˭˭˵
Ȼ˹ȴֻ֣һ棬ŵһĻ㡣
ԭһ侫µС󣬰л׷Ӵ̨Ʈ˴
ʲôط
˿齣磬Ѿþû˯ʹֻ棬μЩĻ棬μһ죬ԡѪս
ɶɶ
֮ȫ˸飬͵˹ʱ⴫ˮӵ㡭𣿡
ˮӵ´ȥţֻˮվ⣬ﻹһ˰ˮˮ衣
ʱע⵽ԼѶ˻ˣʵһѣ

ˮһ£漴üûأص·ϣʦ˼ջõС㻻ġ
ص·ϡüͷһ壬濴˿૵ǡ
ﵱȻˣ
ˮһɻؿһ£ӺͿ𣿻˵Ѿǵ췢ˡ
أء
ȻЩľګһ¥ȥﲻ˼أɽء
ֻΪΣξأЩһ

Ȼ䣬еһѣΣ·ߣǸۣ֮ꡭ
ι˻ûãСһţ
ŲЩҡΣˮæˮ裬߹ȥţˤһ
ÿ
һƿȻŶͷһһεͥԺȥ
ιûãҪ߰ˮɫżʲôŮۻʦ塣
ҪȥġʱͥԺȻһӰѩӡ
֮ۡ
ۣ֮
Ȼۣ֮Ӳüһ˵ǰ֪ιʣѾױ⣬˭Ҳȥˡ
ǰ
ǸеһѣΣΪν飬Īǰйأǰʲô
Ϊε˼䣬δҵɽϣٻԺ棬ЩʶĻ桭
ˣδȬȻȥɡ
ӿ˵عһۣô뽫ҹô
֪ϴ֮£ڻ˵Ů۲㣬ǵʱѾ߻ħ֮ԣٺò
ʵղʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ˣѾʼңת֮ʬħҲ֮󣬶ŮһƣʵƳѪҲķѹȥˡ
˿ԷԵ޹ʵģԷƾʲô˿̣ȻüʵŮأںδ
ӵŮȥ˱𴦣δ飬Ҫֻܵ˵Ů۱𡭡Էչܳ㣬ģλãĽϵܰȫ
ˣֻصͥԺֻԺɽʯ׾ˮһڣ˵زȹȣ򲻿߶
˵ʲôȡһһž޲ӣһ˱仯ָܿߵˮӵˮ£ȳȥɡ
ǣʦ塭ʦʱصӣˮҲöʣ㼴תȥˡ
Ųʧ֮ӲŻعͷһ̿ɫǴδйأʵ⻭ǴӺζ


1383 ٻ
ǻ֮ò裬֬׶üһѩüһ㵭ɰ䲻ǰλӳҲʧΪһˡ
һ̣ӿŻˣ˵飬ֽǱЩãȻ·˵ľ¡
ɭʮǰɡɭߣֻɽ磬ΪɽԲ㣬ȴû뵽һߣٶ꣬Ѷ
˴ӵһ£޳ģϴǰЩ仯ȴǱ䲻˵ģٶˣ˼ǺεȷòѾ֪Ҳ֪ʴ֮ǱߵĶɭǷ񻹺á
ĬȻʮȷˣ˵ת㣬ѵòֻķ죬Եиţȴǧҵڲܹһ˼䣬ٺò

ӵ壬һ£Ժ棬һ±˵뿪ʱĳ֣֮λģǸʱ֪Ҳز
ֻʱǣҲɽ֮϶գҲڹɽգȴδɽ֮棬Ҳ
Ů֮£ȹҲû˼ݣҲܻȥжģն˼һС
Щÿÿ˼ߣʮֹģҪ֪ɭǱΣȴֲ̫¶˿쳾δϡ
ҴѾˡ
˵ΪЩȥҲȥˣҴܹµóǾɽ棬Ӵ˱ɼ˼ߣǹɽߣˣ⡣
뵽˴ͻȻһɾ棬Ǹһ˼ݵ֮ˣ˶ûг֡
ӿɻǵãˣ
졭
ôһ˵֪˵˭ˣһ˼ݣҵʱܹ̽쵽ģɼ˵Ϊʮ֮ߣ֮¡
˿˶Ҳǰ˼ˡ
ɫ΢Ŭȥ룬Щһɽ磬ǰǰ󣬻û֮ˡ
ϸ˼һӻعʵ˼䣬ǷһЩ
Щô룬˵ǿɾͶȥˡ
Ȼƽƽôһ˵ִ֮ȷ֣пĳλˡ

ʱ
ͥԺ棬仨׷ףӽ˵Ԫ˹Щͺúһ°ɣȹЩʱգŮ۾͸ûˡ
һ˵ţһͥԺȥԺſʱֻعͷ˵⣬ǵҸղŸ˵ģزƹȣɵߡ
ߺͥԺְֻ紵׷ƮĻ꣬졣
֪ϸŮ۽أкĿģΣҲɽ֮УӣֻһͶѣﳤ
֮ɽϣȻһ춯춯ȴ֪ǴӺδðٻĵӣ׷档
ЩͥԺ棬Ҳûȥպ춯ȥ棬ֻƲ㷭ӿֹ񷣬Ҫѿһ㣬һѺۣܿ죬Ѻʧˡ
ô¡
üһ𽥻ָƽ񷣬춯Ǵشôһ£
ʱٻĵӣЩϾǧػδ춯
ղǵѺۡ
ˮӺӣʱҲѾ棬˽ϣղŵ춯
ϸʱ򣬹Ҳֹ춯춯Ǵ˼䴫ģ˼䵽ôˡ

ˮҲˣ֮ʱһҪߣʦץסˣȻͳ춯Ǵε춯Сһ
ͥԺ棬üղŵ춯ҲоóѵǴ˼䴫뿪˼ҲѾˣѵ˼ʲô𡭡
˼֮ʣԶʣȻһϼת˲һɾϢҲ֮ٻ
Ůۻˡ
ϼٻĵ׷ײΰȥμŮۣ
ϼУ˲仯һӰ˺ϼ绪ֻһĿ񣬱һ˫ĸо
£һȥգ
Ůһٻеӣԭڵĵط˻ȥ
ŮۡʱŮ˿΢΢ף˿ڹУ
ŮۣӽһֱڹУδгȥ
šԺ
ǡ

Ƭ̣ȥͥԺȥŮ۵ĴֻϽΪΣǲŮڵ֮ϣϣܼ
¡
Ů΢΢һ̧֣ϵĵӣӣȥֻʣڣһ±øǽˡ
վ·ɲɾ棬ŮۣأȻݡ
ŮҲ˼Ѱ֮˼ѲƫƫˣʼղΪ
·´ãŵΪβҡ
Ů۷绪ֲܼʲô˵֣ĳΪҪ¡
˼
ɽŮۣ֮ʤԴᷳЩ޷Ǻ˵
Ȼʱ֮˵ĿͬĻȴһȫͬζ
ȥ˵ϴĳδлŮ۳ֻǲ֪ŮأΪΡ
Ҫ֪ô
Ůתһؿ
˫ŮۣĿһˣüë۾ӡ촽ϸĿš
˿ԼЩˣδҲûԼ˵ĳȻ֪ˡ
Ҳա
ŮջĿ⣬ת򴰱ȥ˵˵˵ϵħ֮İɡ
ŴԣĿһʵϴԼɾħ̨϶ɽ֮۵ħ֮
ԣڴ֮ǰסԼѵǷ˶µħ˵ЩΧԼߣȥصħӰ
һɲǣŮУһâһ˲䣬ҲӦ˲ԣһ°ϡ
ܵҪ˹һɲǣȴ·һϸڣʱȫһ飬һ¶á
ŮѸײڶ֮ƣһ̧ۣѸٽһۣסֻ֮ϣһ糤ĺ֡
ʬħ
һŮۣһɲǣҲƱɫ


1384 ٻ˵
ʬħ
Ůһݣָֿһһ³ϵĺȥͷ
عͷʬħƾһ֮ѹʬħûκ˷ֵǸˣ
֪˵ǸʦǹŴżʦԼʱ򣬾֪Լڱ˴ʬħˣҲضħΪħ
Թŵħ;֪ˣԼʬħ˶ȥԼħ̥
ʦûУԪԼʬħѹȥ⼸λϡ
ˣʦˡŮĿƺһۣ㶴Уһ˵꣬ɿ֡
ǹɽˣʬħǱضǺɱʬħв䡣
ȴһܿ죬ָֻƽתŴڵʬħѾ߷ˣ֮ʱضħʱʦҪ㣬Ҫ£
˴Ůתһ벻˼䣬Ҳ֮ˡҪƭô
ʲô˼
Щ̫仰˼ͬʱҲϵָɿˡ
Ů۸ֶѵڣ㶼֪ϵʬħزݣһ֮գض䣬ʱ֮١
˴ͣͣ˵ʶҲвʮ֮£ؽ𣬳ɢֻҲ벻ˣʦҪ㣬ƭ𡭡
䣬ܹɹߣ޼ɹҲضḶͬȵĴۡ
Ůۿһһ˵
ʦ
Щ̲סһһɲǣãȻͻȻ˻һ
һֱֻΪʦֻԼѹʬħԼ⼸λϣԼԪŵصţȴûȻ
ʦȻ
Ů˹˵Ҵû뵽˼Ҳͨ쳹֮ˣұأȥ˼䣬ʶʶλʦ
عһһŮۼκˣԷΨ˿̣˵ҪʦҪȵأɱȥ
Ŷˣм¡
Ůֿ˵˵ƺԺܸȤ
ԡ
Աۣ֮ǰѾױˣھңҲϲȥ
Ůۿ˵ţһֵʱûڰٻҲ÷ˣұȥٻ濴ɣ
һ˵ţһȥĵӼ׷׻񣬶ղŵŸ磬ĶԻûκ

Ů۷ɾһ㣬ϷȥƷ죬գƲﴩȥ
Ҳչȥȥٻ棬ʱһɳǺϮֻѩңһһصѩɽޱ޾
ǰٻɽ
ŮѲס裬ѩأ֮˼ظҪ䣬ѩޱ޾ҲŸĴ˵
ΡΡأɽ֮桭
˿ΡΡѩɽͻȻܵһɺ֮飬ءǷоͷ
Ů˵ǰﻹأҲû겻ıѩ
عͷȥɻһʵǰʲô
ŮԶȺɽ˵ǰٻ֮أļ紺һλľӴ
ٻ֮أ񡭡
Ŀ΢΢һԶȺɽȥѩأζ
Ůۼ˵ǺܶܶǰĴ˵ˣ˵λĵӣʮ٣䣬תΪˡӴԺٻ֮أҲƮѩɢˡ
ԭأ˴˵ô
Ŵ˿Ůۿеİٻ˵Ҳ֪һָоֻççأѩ֮£ԭŵģǰٻʢô
Ůʵ֪ɾİٻǺ
ɫ΢΢һЩ̫ȷصλתķˣ

ŮҡҡͷԶççȺɽȥ˵ٻں֮ǰһλŮɾλŮԷһǰǰѾû֪ˣżеļأҲϸ
Ů
Ŀ΢΢һȥʵ߼䣬ʲôϵ
Ȼйϵˡ
Ůۻعͷһۣ˵ذٻŮǵλĵӣֻתΪ˺ѲǵˣȴһֱûҲûзѰת
ԭǵô
˴ĿںȻһʹٻ˵һʮĴ˵ˡ
ããѩ֮£ʱٻٿ
ʦʦһ̣֪ΪΣȻЩ˼ʦˣ뵽һ֮꣬뵽һգ֮䡣
뵽ǰԼ


1385 ֮
ôʦˣ
Ů۷Ƶܹ׶һ룬۲΢ÿһ仯Ĺ۲֮С
˭뵽ããѩ֮£صģȴǰٻʢ
һ˵ֻǸղŮ˵λ񣬴ʮ٣Ҳҵʦ
ʦһˡŮۿһƺʦӸȤ
ʦ
ٴһããѩɽ˵ʦ˪ϲ˵̫Ļأʼոһֹº߲ɼĸоǣÿÿ֮ʱȴ֧ããء
Ŷ
ŮĿ΢΢һ˫ָԶѩɽ˵ʦһ޶ˡ
ȷʵܼʦ
ϧ
ŮۺȻ̾һعͷŮۺγԣͿϧˣ
Ů۵ʦͽˣһϣһȴħҪʦɱͽͽɱʦϧ
˵꣬ʶֵ̧̧֣ĺʬħѾ߷ˣжȫΣҲ֪಻֪ʱ
ʬħ֮գʦɱԼôŮԣҪԼ
ʬħĻ䣬ʮô
ɫȥգҪȥԿȥȺ֮ɽ
Գ˼֮ʱŮ۴˼漴ֻһٻǱ߷˻ȥ
ѩ֮УŮ۸ղ˵Ⱥ֮ɽķȺ֮ɽߵĵطΪԡ

ļգЩһǹʬħʦŮ۽İٻ˵ǸĵŮ
һգŮ۴ӹذٻ飬Ѿ׵˵ȥȺ֮ɽ
Ⱥ֮ɽĵط񻰴˵Ҳ˵棬ɾɾвľΪ½ᡱػʳ֮ϲ
պѾȺ֮ɽѩֶн֮أʹΪҲܵģ뱩ѩʧ
ԽߣѩԽѩνǧɽɾ𣬰ããһƬֻޱ޾ķѩ
㻹ŵסôŮǰߣͷһۡ
޷
ܿ죬ɸ߷ϣϷѩϮṦѾˣ˵Уֻ̼㱻֮ǧ֮ȥˡ
һһҹ֮ۡԡ֪жԶѩأ䳹ǣʹԪ壬ǺϮҲһϣʹ
˵ǳǳĽӡɹ˶ãᱻѩڸǣһ˿ۼ
㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ůһڷѩ̫󣬼ʹ˸òԶҲ˴˵˵ˡ
ַǰȴȻ·ǰȫǱѩ֮⣬㿴ˣʶѴ͸ȥ
ԣŻжԶ
жԶ
ŮЦЦ·Ц֪Ϊɽȥȥ˵ô˵һ뻹ûߣ»Ҫҹǿüڵ⡣
߰ɣ
ȻѾߵˣҲָһһԪԵֵѩϮ
ҹҹ·ȥ˼Ѱʱ޿̲ڳǺ䵱УҪ̹֮ҪСⱻ뱩ѩʬ޴档
Ѱߣǳʥ֮ˣ챩ѩɢ֮ǰҲϲȵط̤ʥҲϵȵطɽأȴǱ˼Σ̫ˡ
ŵסôŮһۣΪԶʤȻܵסɽϵķѩϮ
޷
ӭѩԳɸ߷ϣҲЩˡ
Ů۲ָָ˵ܿˣڷѩ̫󣬲ȥ
˵ʲô˫òסЩĻˡ
Ů߽һЩ˵ǰ⣬ûϵȥڷѩ̫±ҲϲȥҸɽסһѩСˣȥ
ã
˵ʲôˣĿããѩأɽסޣ

ŮǰߣȥԼһ󣬱һɽڿݱܷѩˡ
ɽʱů࣬ȻͣŰķѩһ̲иУǰΪֻҪΪˣ뺣ܣֱղ֪о
㵽ϱʲô
Ůۿѩںʪ͸Щ棬ǧϱ߼ΪȴҪִ棿
Ҳ֪һ˵ţһ˹ϵѩˮ
ʲô֪ŮǸӸе˼ˣʲô֪ͺͿˣͲϱСӣе˼
ת˵Ů۹ΪһβҲʲô֪ͿСˡ
ģԼŮ˹Ͽ˿Цǡ˼ǾףˣϱˣҿɾȲ㡣
֮⣬ղһȥԣҪִȥǾֻһȥˡ
һѩСһЩѩʮʮҹԭЩƣ룬ɵȴȫɢˡ
ҹ֮ʱɽ棬Ȼһ󺮷紵˽ģģУ·ǸԼԼ
ôˣŮʶεǲϸ΢ı仯
ûû¡
ͷΪܹǸȥֲںԼô¡

ڶգѩС࣬ǰ裬ҰҲ֪࣬Ȼⲻá
˴ԼһʱܹԼԼˣۣ֮ԣ⡭
⡭
һĻʵЩ𺳣ֻɽ棬ǧ֮¥ɵٲһСȫ˲㺮֮У
ʹ±ԶҲܹܵõǱĺ䡭ȡ
ѾΪΣһۣ֮ꡭ

ͻȻ䣬еһʹ·ǸƵ¾ЩҡҡλΡ
СġŮһֽסˡ
ѹѵղţǸǴǲ㺮洫𡭡
Ůۼ㱣˵㻹СЩȽϺãˤȥˣҲδػܼȫʬ
ŴԣȻеһʶֻããһƬǲȥǿֲıѩ˲ͻᱻ֮˺ѡ


1386 еŮ
Σ㻹Ҫȥô
Ůȥۿ֮۷·ڽǰʵϣߺܳһ·
ȻѾˣҴȥ
Ƿѩ֮ߣ⣬Ҫƿ꺮ǲܵģȻٴͨ죬Ҳƿ⣬ֻ취ܷȥ
ร沢򵥣һзѩϮЩѩиӦ
лŮѡ
ҲԥˣָһһԪȻһһȥˡ
Ů۾ûȥʱǰеӣҲü
꣬Ҳγȥ棬ϧնδܳɹǧûκ˳ɹȥ֪ģ
ϴԼ֮߳󣬱һѩϯⱩѩͨķѩʥǿߣҲԳܡ
֪˾Ӳѩ֮ʱչΣܿһѩϮ
⿴ɣʵȴǳΣգôȥĻ˶Ѿȥˣ
ʱѩ֮£Ҳ߳ѣؽƣʹɲҲʩչóÿٶ΢һЩѩ
ʱŮʼ濴ţÿÿ룬ˣΪڲͬ
ֱĺɫʱգ治Զĵطˣķѩʮ֮ҲԼǰˡ
ȻŮ˵һǰԱ⣬ӴҲܹϵȥˣҲϲȥˡ
ҪǿȥĻпܻΣգȨ֮£ȥðգϾ˴ۣ֮ҪĿģܹ棬Ϊˡ
˿̣ѾܹؿǱģص̨ͤ¥ɽɵзޣٲ¡
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ַоǸŮӣںԼҪȴˣҲԼ
־˭
Σգϲȥˣգ
ʱŮ۵Ҳһ޷Σգһȹ۲һ¸
һ˵꣬ʹ漴˫ۣʶǲ㺮֮̽ȥ
˼֮ʱʶ̽ɽΣҲǵһΣǸңԶ
Ѿ֮棬ôܷʶҵǸ˵֮ˣ
ʱ棬ŮۼһȻҲ֪ʶر̽죬ʱܲôš
Ҳʶȥ̽Ǳ֮УգȴʲôҲûз֡
֪˶ãʶȻǰ̽ţ㺮ǱһУ·ҲԽ곤ӣصǰ
أʲôûб仯±ϣһ佫ҪĻ峿һûüţ㱻ˡ
㣬ô
ʱһĵŮȻʶ
͵һȻȻǸŮӵȻ֮С
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ֻһģģӰ㲢ѷֱ棬һλŮӡ
Ŭʶǰ̽һ㣬Ȼȴܵĳ谭ʶҲǰˣŮӵģ
˭Ϊλڴ˱꣬Ǻˣڴˡ
㣬ô
·ڶ𣬿ȴҲģŬʶҲǰˡ
죬ڻô
һɲǣǱеŮӣȻ˫ۣȻһţΪγƺԼ족

ͻȻ֮䣬оһʹʶһɲɢˣشǰһƬڡ
ʱķѩȻХ˹ȴһǶ˻һ
Сģ
ۼǱѩϯȥȴһҲŮһ˲ȥϾŰ˾Ϊֻһһɻӿʱѩɢ漴Ѹȥ
ֱãѹԺ棬죬Ÿղʶɢȥǰһ̣һ˲䣬ǱеŮۣѵǻ
ǰǰ
˿̧̣ͷۣ֮棬һˣһǰˡ
㵽׿ʲôˣŮۼ㱣üͷһ壬ʵ
ʱҹĻᴹǲɽӰѾ֣Ҳȫعˣ棬һصŮӡ


1387 ٻ
صŮӣ
ŮüһʲôصŮӣ
صִ˵ʵ̫ˣʹżļأҲϸǰΪα⣬Ҳû֪ˡ
š
Ȼ棬ղһɲǣһָоǱеŮӣǿǿ޷ȥ
ǰˣʵԶԶߡΪΣΪԼܹӦ
¡¡
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ѩˣߣ
Ů۳أ֪֮Ŀֲ˵ʱһǱҲҴ⣬һһ±ɽ·ȥ
ɽҪɽףԣףŮ˾ΪҲ˵˵ѡ
ڶգ˱ѻصɽ£ԶԶȥȺ֮ɽѩǣжŮ۶ԣ޶ٸпֻΣȺ֮ɽҲˣڿԻȥô
š
ɽϷü΢յ˵ͷȻȻ֪ǱеŮӾ˭Ҳһգ⿪ģҪ飬ǻȥɶ
ˣһ£²ҪһŮۡ
£㵫˵޷
Ůվ±ߣȻǰʵŮۻعգ춯¹۲죬춯ƺ˼䡭
Ŷ
ŮĿ΢΢һ˼֮£ǹġ
˼ǹ˼֮¡

Ůתȥֶ˵˹ɽٶ꣬Ҳϵ˼䡭
񲻶ϸѺĻ˵꣬һֻŮ΢΢תͷ˵Ǵ˼֪죿
졭
ɫһʱ֪ĴڣЩ꣬飬ָضǿĵطλ֪ܲ

Ůתͷȥǰ˼Զѩ˵˼ƵƵ춯̽ʾЩܡйء
йء
øˣŮۼ˵죬硯ֻħϡ̰Թ۶ɵһĪ硣
˴Ůת죬ֲǳɾȴΪҪռݡ
룬˵˳޵塢̨̰աħ֮Ԩ֮š
죬Ҳ˽⡣
ŮתȥԶɽӰ˵Ϲʱڣϣʮ飬쾭Ϲħһսɱֻ˥ߣǧһֱ˼
˵ţϸ˼̼ǵõһ족ʱǴڷϣλߺӸġ
һΣȥռң֪꣬⹫ճΪغԼ˶Է㣬е䡰䡱
ˣһߣǵˣħ֮ˣȴĹ䣬˵ʮ֡
Щģ뿪֪꣬˼䷢˺£Щ졣
߰ɣذٻ
պ˻ص˰ٻһȥǰ£Щ棬ʵŮۿ֣
Ů۲δ˵ֻ˿ҲԣӼصӣԱܹ꣬ϵȥĪ淢ʲô

ȥ⣬ŮȻҲǿֻѣɽ˼򵥣оҲͼպ⣬øСĽ
ʬħŮֻ˵˷֣˱ȶµħ¶Ҫء
һУҲδ̫ǣֻɶ˼䣬ɽ޹ˡ
ºֻص֮֮ѾЩɽˣɢڤ֮޷֮Щ˴ŶѾڴ֮ǰ뿪
յĴսԺޱ̣·һչȥãصĴ꣬Ҳ֪ʱܻصǰ
ʱҵĽϵˣǴ죬ȥĽϵĹ滨ƽƣɽһ¥Ʋ֮Уһɵ֡
ʱһɵ棬ֻϰٻʢȺһСͥԺһŮ뼸ֻ¹ˣ
Ůһٻȹͷ˫βˮĴ۾ʧԣϸ֮ϻơ
ɶ
һλͥԺɶʱת硭磡
˷ܵ˹һ±㱧סţءɶΪ粻ˣء
ôأɵɶ
ḧͷһգմɾ̫ӰҲ֪գӰǷѾɢԵӣѾĿ³˰ɡ
ɶʱ䣬ûиźúѧϰ
ţɶеءˣ翴
ɶһ˵ţһ˸䡱һȻһ磬ŵԺ¹ɢܡ
лУ㿴
ɶԵʮ˷ܣһʱŰ˫ֱ׶γɣνľˮͨ
ˣɶҪķ
ס֣ȴЩԾû뵽츳֮ߣЩ֮ǿһߣԳܵɣҲѹ֣ϾϹ顭

ֻɶһЦصɶѧЩˣԺͿ԰ЩˣҲ۸
ḧ˸ӣԭһɾ棬ǸӰ
վԱߣɶӣҲɵ΢΢һ̾黹̫ˣôҲ;նĽһϣڴػ꣬ʵڲôȥ
ʱ䣬лĽݳ϶ɶչˡվǰλ׷˵
׷Ȼ֮⣬Ҫ뿪ˣʱ¶Ϊѡ
Ϊѵӣ˵Ľݳϣʲô˵޷

գ̾һŽץɶҲвᣬһҲЩˣɶòãԺÿЩ꣬磬òá
óɶĽһڴػ⣬Ҳϲȥ
ɶԸʱץ䲻ţСءɶɶ͸һ𡭡
̾ȻΪѣɶɶȥ棬Ѹղߵļֻ¹һ𣿡
ţɶܶ£֪лҪ˵Ըȥ
ԶȥӰعͷ֪ε鲢򵥣ǰλǰл˵
⡭
üջǳ̾Ҫ飬⡭²һ˵㰡


1388 һŵ
֪ǰ˼ǣ
ѾܹµˣҪɶߵĻЩ鷳
һǰλŻڵҪߣȵþͼλϵͬ⣬Ȼ󡭡ͨλ˾Ŀ顣
Ŵԣ˼Ƭ̣˵˵ȱһɣûͨһҶܴɶˣ
⡭
ɫʮΪѣջתͷһԣͷ˴̧ͷˡֻ鷳СѣЩʱˡ
޷
ɫʮƽЩϣһá
ûٶԣתͥԺ棬ֻٻɶЩ¹ģ˵ǵؼ䣬覵飬κ䣬
ҲԶԶǻÿɰŮЩᣬ̾Ȼ֪ȴҪִ뿪
˵ȥԺҲáԣ˵ͷɫ֮䣬ȴЩ̾Ը˰ɡ
죬ɶǣؾСһҲ֪뿪֮Ƿ񻹻ƽ⡣

һʱͥԺĽϵĵӣȥʵΣ
˱˴˶һۣһ˵峤ȥһص
š
ͷתͥԺ˻ȥɶҲ˹磬磬ôѽ
ɶȥ峤˵仰Թһòã
ţȥɣɶܡ
á
ḧ˸ͷ漴ȥ棬ĽϵĵˣԼһ󣬲һصǰ
峤뼸λ϶棬ɡ˵ţ΢΢ͷ˸֡
š
΢΢ףȥ˵ϣֻߵϣλϣ׶ģճĽ
ˣĽΣʱ߽΢΢̧̧֡
Ҳߵĳϱ˱ȭ漴ȥԼλϣһĽڵ˵ǵһɾģɷһ£ɾľ
ʱգĽһϵ˶ܺ棬鵽ģΪֶ
һô
£㽫ļ򵥾˵ˣɶǶѣԼ¶۵ڡ
֮󣬵ϼλϾһ֮治УŮǴһﵮ
ԭĽһϣڴػǧ꣬ػɾһôаɾȾǶ⡣
Ƭ̣˻عĽٴʵ˵ڴ֮ǰƻɽʹɽ۵ѵ֪ɾܣ˵֪ĻƻԼĿģʲô
˿̼Ŀ棬һϣ·ܹһУȻݲ˵ѣ˵ѣԼ˵ıͨʱܿ
²֪ɾܣһʼҲ֪ɽ۵֮նɽĿȷʵΪɽ¶
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ʱߵϣһµߵ˵ĿģҲЩһΪ¶ⳤˣ
Ҳ
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ˣ
Ľһ˿ɻʵ֪СѣǺˣǵ¶ɣ
ˣڳˣ伫亱֮壬ǰΪ£򶾵Ӵ˯
˵֮󣬵ϼ˾һ벻仹쳣֮ˣһ־òԣô˵Ҫڵ¶ȥˣ
˵˵Ǵڵ¶ȥˣм£֪ܲ¶¶壬ôҲٶ˯
ұߵϣһλϽŵĿģΪȡ¶ˣˡǣ顣
գһ±ýʵ⣬δɶ֮䣬ֻһҪѡ
޷δɶ֮ѡԣֻн⣬˵һ鱦Ƿʹɶˣֻߣ˽ͣʧٶ˯
ţ⵹Ҳһ취
֮ϣĽ۰룬ͷ˵֮Σۣ¶ѣܹҵһɱ¶֮󣬲ˡ
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ȷʵѡ
˵ͷȴֽ˵£Ըһԡ
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ʮһλİãһһŵ壬ҵȽգһŵպŵ˹
ĽҲһ֮ԸˣΪһŵľġ
ʮڲͬЩòȻΪȴֶεˣűһˣԷĵؽ齻Է
ͬʱǼʵҲܹܵóԡѪսŷɥɶʱֻ޾ᡣ
Ľ˵ͷ˵׼ȥ̫þ棬λ˾ɡ
á
Ҳԣڵ֤㹻ǿʵɶ
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̫þΪ˿ĽһӵΪɶ˽룬һΣֻһڣλ˾Ȼ֮ѣԶʤĽһ֮ˣҲͨ
˿˶ۣʵǿ̫þȴͬСɣѾӽǧ궼ͨολλ˾ͬǵУ
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أ硭
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׼ˣþɡ
ԶĽҲٵ飬ḧ˸ɶͷɿ֣漴һԾǻþȥˣգ۱㲻Ӱ

˵ɾٻڣصտյΨŮڵ̨ϣĿһɫ
ʱһġơƬֻ֮һŹȵϸſڡ
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ֻŮһӣһ׭˵˪ϣбˣҪס򲻵֮ʱҪһСұ˵
ϸķ׭΢΢һ漴˵ͷ˵Ů۷Ը֮£ס
Ů۵ֻɶһΣмǡ



1389 ɽ
⣬м£ˡԡ
ϸȥ֮ʱȴתŮۿ˪˵ʲô˵޷
ȿȡ
ֻϸ˿һҲǺȻɳࣺٻϧŮȱһǿֻ߻ħ֮Σա
˪ϣ˵ʲô
˿̣Ů۵ɫƽֻϸ̾˵꣬ʦöˣ츳κϹߺʦö˱Ӵ˲̣һٻϧڳɾŮ۷Ų棬ǱӣƤȥɾ˵˵
ء
Ůȴǽһ̧һ̣ɫʮأԴʮ־£˪Ҫᡣ

ϸҡͷһ̾նŵ̨˹֣ǡ
ŮۿתȥıӰֵħԨж˪⣬طСġ
֪лŮѡ
ɳƵԶȥŮڵ̨ϣҲüҪΪ֮ʱһξ
Ǹξڲ˵ɶ˵಻ɶ˪˵ɶκ˵ֱһΪֹ

֮죬вĽϵĵӣ̫þû뿪ϾЩûһܹͨκһλ˾ολ˾أ
硭
ɶҲһֱ棬һҲδ뿪ЩüʱʱҲˡ
ɶûµġʱλߣο
ţȥôûûΣ𡭡
ɶüģʵһЦĳ˵ɶģλ籾´أµġ
šˡ
ôһ˵֮ɶԸһЩûãСг⸡֣Ҳߵ˵ˡ
ֱĺɫʱ̫þжĽϵӾǾһѵͨλ˾ˣôܣѰ
졭ʱ䡣
ĽһڳҲЩţ񣬹ʱһӰӻþ˳
ƻ֮£˰׷ѩУ˵Ŀݣɾ棬Ѫսķߵɱʵر
һ̣Ůóˣʹڹɽ磬ҲѼ˿ݲ֮ˣοҲûгȥ
硭磡ɶ˷ܵ˹ȥһ㣬Ҳʱ˷𣬷ɵ˰С
ɶСġ
̫þ棬֣һ죬סɽĻȥ
һĻǰѲ˶ˣֻصĻɵУڶΧȥƻһ
汾˵á
ʱĽһڳϹˣȣֻ̫ͨþҲɶˡ
統Ȼ
ɶʼճüչֱЦ绨ĽϵλϿҲӦ֪Σסġ
ɫڶŴɶ뿪ĽǰĽһָɶ׼ණ
ɶʳ˼ֻ̻ΪʳͬʱһЩ˿֯ɵܲȥԺ󣬻Щѡ

ºѾڤ棬ɶѺ󣬴û磬˶һУе治ѡ
磬ԭҲкö¹ð
ÿɰӣɽСһЩСҲ£׷ΧתԵǡ
ں棬һɲǣԶϢա
£ֵֻһͷһӰ˳뷢ףһ£һǱˣȴƵˡ

ɶͻȻ߳Ƶһæ㵽ȥ
ĪҪ¡
Ƶиı䣬ڵı˵Ҳ
֪뿪Ͼħδ⿪ܹȥʵΣ
ڡ
Ƶֹʶ˿ŮʱһȺɫĺ˹ɶȺԶȥ
˵ɡ
š
Ƶ룬ѵ̽˵˳
ԭڵʱ䣬ЩɣȻԷ֯ҪԸϼ塢ȡڡšЩɵȵȡ
˵ףΪɾ棬ɱɵźͳϣҽɵ˳Ǳ룬ԴУƴһ
˼
֮һЦδȥǣǷ׼ұˡ
ƵüǡСѣڴΣ
ӦΣʵ
⡭
Ƶ˳˼Ƭ̣ڵС΢ǰӣ˵ҲС˼˵
Σ˼ٴʵ
Ƶ룬̧ͷ̽ԵҪȻɱһӰ٣ǼȻҪ֯Ǿȥһɣ˵

̧ͷԶɽӰ˵ɱһӲ˰٣һӼǵ֮ģһҵ鷳ֻࡣ
ŴԣƵϸ룬ƺȷʵܹЩȫ󻼣һĻĲɽˡ
Сѵ˼ǡ
ƵĿ⣬ڻҵ˼𣿡
⡭
Ƶһ·Ӧ˹ɱнЩɵţɾһսˣɽ籾ǿʳʱһãȥ鷳Ҳᱻǿ̲
һҲ󣬵ܹȫձҲͬСˣֻǡ
һ̣Ƶ񲻶ؿǰˣȻˣһգ˵˼֮˼ҲԲСɣ
ɽ磬ϤЩںδӦǲȥѰҰɣ
ǵȻ
ƵعȻ֮ǰڤ꣬Ĺɽ磬Ϥġ
ɶԶɶһ
磬ôѽ
ɶ˹ȥ˸ĳ˵ЩˣǻҪԸ磬ҪȻȥǴǶĻô
ǶĻ𣿡
ɶһתԱߵƵ˿ȥƺ˼ˣһʼôҲĻˡ
ȿȡ
Ƶ˱ͨ죬ԵСѾͷĪҪƶǰֻһᡣ
ۣ
ɶһЦѽѽǸȥշԺ󲻸ˡ

֮Ƶ˵һطڣɽϽأȻ߾ʵ߶ԣЩƣֱơ
¡
һ죬ɽŵ󷨱ˣڵĵӶŵĵѣڣ˵Ҳнӣɴʱȴҳ
һż׷ߴɳֻΪƵ˺󣬱߾ϢһҲʱľѡ
ǡһ
׷ѩ˪֣Ѿɽ磬ϲ
һ̣ۿɱˣ뵽ɾ棬ųĻضΧɱЩɡôգˣ


1390 
ڵˣʱǻ̻̲ȻûҲûۿɾ淢飬ʱɽֵ÷з˻֪ܲɱ
Ǵ˿̴ӶԷɢɺϢľ·Էֻ̧̧֣ǳ׻ҷ𡭡ϢѹȸС
׷ߣûмʱȴߵƵ˳һµ߲غһ࡭ǰ
ʱƵɫ䵭˵ɡ
һ£˵ĿⶼϣΪеϢֻǰ߳صɾ棬ǵɱңϧҵĽ£ǿɻл˵
һڵĵӣһȻȻѾˣڣҪô죿ȥűֻ¶ԷΪһƱܽΪƽء
һ̣Щӣִͷĸо㷲ʹǼȫ÷ɽҲŲ˼հ
֮ǰ⼸鹲ͬԸʱľģڶԷˣǲŷ֣Ǵ˿Ϣǲ̸ֹȥԷ⣿
һ
ʱ׷˳Ƕһӣ֮ǰߴǲͬ
ʦáôˣ
֪λʦӸңٶŭɱ˵ȥɫʾȻȥ
ȻȻѾˣûдҪȥħͷҪɱɱȴҵͷ಻ƴͬھˣ
˵գ˫˫ͬƴһ㣬֪УȴӲǳ
ʦã
߶ʱŵûɢˣֻΪѣδ̤ʥ֮ʱ鹦ǿߣοأ
ȥѻʯȻҲδֻ̧һʶʱ㽫˿УҲá
ʦã
ɫɷףͬЩӣҲʧǣΪȻȻ
ħͷҪɱɱҵģ
Ӹңӣ䵭ɱǣ̫ˣɱǡһ˵ָ꣬һʱش͵浹˻ȥ
ʦã
һ˲ǰλʦøסˣͬʱɱϣλʦãĪҪȥ
棬ЩӸѣǰ֮˵ʵгϼҲѵһаʽҪţֱ練ơ
ʱƵǰȥǼڵĳϵÿԳһƱԪɱǡ
ŴԣǼ߾һ֮⣬ȻԲˣǽһƱԪñŵñӴˣҪӶԷˡ
ʦ֡ɣǧҵΪ顭Ϊȫǧӣܲ
ƣ˼֮£ˣһʱǲ֪ôﵭһ˵꣬ɶԶȥˡ
Ȼ뿪ˣȴЩ˸ǿҵһѹȸУΪղѾƵˣǲֻ·һ
࡭ǰ
ɫɷף׷еƵȥץסһȴֹһ㿴ŶԷ
ƵˣʱĮֻղҲ˵ˣֻһʱúһɡ

ɽ棬ƣٻţɶһ·ͣͣתգһ˫ۣ磬Ҫɱ𣿿ɶãˣ޹ġ
ôأֻǶѡḧ˸ӣժϵһʻͷϡ
Ҿ֪ǵġ
ɶһаЦݣ£֪ĲпᣬֻžõĻ죬Ҳǽյˡ
һʱƵ˴Ӻɶһˣȥö㣬ѹˣǼ˵ĻԪ
š
΢΢ͷûȥ㣬ֻȥһطɡ˵꣬Զڻˣɶɶˡ
ƵȣֶͬΣ䳼ȥһ£̶һʱɾ棬Χɱʮɣ
Ȼĵز˼䣬Ҫڹɽһʱ䣬ҵ鱦˲ܻȥδ룬ڴ֮ǰǿԼʵûʲôԡ
ȻҲЩɻͻȻѱ䣬ֻǰжֻҪƵ˲ѱ伴ɡ
Щ˵ƵƵ˵

һɣҲˡ
Ƶ˳ö㣬λ̫ϵıԪ
λ̫ϣֻһ㵽߾Ϊϧշһǧӵǲò
š
΢΢ͷǰʮųϣұǵϣ·ϡ
ҡԲң
ʮϻɸλ̫϶ԽһƱԪˣǻΣѲɻҷ
˱á
񵭵һ˵ţһ㳡ȥʮʱϡ
ʵɽ籾һǿʳ֮أǵѶܿ죬ͻиǿ̲ǣ񳼷ˣк
οĿǰڴЩǿ֮ﻵڻţǱЩǿ̲ǴӴˣÿ˶뽻һƻԪ
̶һ£շʮɣڹɽ磬ȻҲһˣˣԣǺǻδ֪
ʱֵ£֪˼䣬ǷҲһƬⰻȻŵ棬ɶһһһǰߡ
Ƶ˸棬һﲻһͣʵлҪ˵
Ƶһ£ֽü̧ͷ˵ʱ䣬ʮɣǾĸܵãиְɣ
ô
룬ԶɽӰأ˵Ǿͽɡ
޹޹ߣΪа󡭡һ̣ߣ·ʦ
á
Ƶ˵˵ͷֿСѽաˣ󡭡
ûжԣҲû˵ȥǰɶԶˣһɶ㡣㼴ȥ
Ƶ˫ü΢ǰȥӰԺֲ˵ڤ֮ϣ߶ǸˣŶ̶һ겻ʱ䣬ԷȴȻĴڡ
㻹ʲôûи΢΢תͷһ䡣
ˡƵ˻عȥ

ǰ޵ؽ磬һΪΪ֮족Ҳ֮ǰɾ棬ɱǸʵӵ
֮죬ƵѴ̽Ƭ֮˵ߣʮҲеġ
ǧǰռ˴ʢĵط족ͬʱշΧССʮɣųߣ
ٶǰΪȥڤ֮ǰ콻ʦá񡱴ͬʱЩɵţԳһƻԪ񱣴棬ߺЩҡ
һʮɣͬʱȥ죬񽻻Ԫ֮ǰ¼󷨣ֻЩ˵Ѿ鹬ˡ
ʮ⣬֮Ҳѿ鶴츣أǼɵʣǲһЩʱȿ̶ֺ£Ѿռ˲ٵطֻʣ鹬δռˡ
ɹԮľ֧໹ٳŰ£µǼľ鹬رռ죬ˣҲҪΪЩ˵¯
֮治ҲȾָ֮֮£֮ҲҲвΪԴ֣߾ǿߡ
Ƶ˵֮Ѿ֮ˣѾڹɽҵĵطˣƴɱģܲܰװױ˰ɣ


1391 а
СѡڴΣ
ƵСʵȻ뷨֮򣬾һ⣬ɽ˭Ϸһ飿
ķȾָлһЩǿִ֮ǼȻΪ֮ͣˣԲ٣бΪߵġ
Щ֮һֱûж֣һΪʴɱϣУƿֲ㣬˾Ϊ֮ˣҲ֮졣
ǣ֮һط⣬Ȼ桢Դĵطȴ滷Уνɽ״أʹ˰ʴˣҲضԪˡ
ʱ벶ȸں󣬷װױ˵֮ˣԼ鹬ģҲʹʵԽԽԽԽǿ
ʹ뿪֮ͬ죬һɵ˭£ֱΣһϢʱɢ˰಻סˣǧ⻼ŵҲľ档
֮켸洦ɼɱԲѪ֣ΪԴɱǽһذ
ЩȻףҲʮʱҲȥһŵĻƱػĶҲضһڵľơ
˵ףһͬʱôһ£Ҳͬ˼ʮɽʹЩˮǽȨƿһΣҲĶ
ң֮죬ҪѰ鱦Ҳض࣬иҪһ㣬㹻ǿʵʱɽ֮УŻһϯ֮ء
ǣҪνסоһ£ʱУѾ˼ƽϡ
ΣСѴȥ֮ô
˼ƵٴοʵóǺȥ֮죬Ͼһط˭˲ռأ
һ֮죬Ȼƣʱȴһ֮£֮ˡ
š
΢΢˵ͷ֮ǱȻģôһ鶴츣أôɲ빰ˣ㵽ʱ˼䣬ȻƵڴ˴
Ƚδˣɽ磬Ƶɹº죬ϲĸӦǣϲ˼ɡ
ֻ£̫̫֮࣬вһЩǿҪβ֮ܽ£
̤ǿ֮ܲܣɾһѪսķɣ
˵ĻȻƴһа٣֮죬ʱҲѾԪˣǿ²еڶŮˡ
Σȥ£뱣ȫʵ˭ú᲻ðһ˾ǿ
˿̣Ƶ˿룬һ˵ʶһˣΪҲͣϵҲ㲻
Ŷ
ɫһҵõ
š
Ƶ˵˵ͷȻȥڤǰǰˣĹѣֻҪûҪҵҲʲô¡
˼Ƭ̣⣬ٴ棬ÿɰ֣ʱһȥޡ
ܺá
˵ͷ㲻ΪˣƵɢɣɣɲΪߣҲȻһǽ˧֮ţñ
ñߣΪýߣΪ
ʣɱȻһǿȻĽ˧֮ܣȻҲǴ£һ˵ɡ

֮ѾɶޣΪ֮ıңޣƺЩƽˣ֪ȥ˶˵֮죬ǹԳԴֻǱڰŻ
һգƵҲҪ鴦ˣЩɣÿǿߣͬʱвҵʥ֣ݣȥɿˡ
ʮɵˣƵҲҵλѡаˡ
ʱվһǸźڰ̫ۣȥЩаɭɭİˣˡ
аˣλϣˡ
Ƶ˽а쵽ǰаź룬ȴԵЩΪȻĿⶼûȥһգգɶϡ
а֮һȻ
ʱа˾ûһֻ۾ֱɶֲź룬Ҳ¶һаŵɶͷҲ̽ˡ
ʲô
Ƶ˺һۣ֪ϼһĳëַˣǰСҶԽģһ¡
ȿȡ
а˿һģСѾͷţүҲȤ
˵ֿ꣬˿ƵˣٺЦһôҼǵðǰоҲµģ񾹻ôһСëˣⳤҩûҵӵǱСˡ
˵꣬Ƶ˱ϵǸ㣬ʱ˿˵СëģΣ
˵ʲôǱɱģ
аЩԾһ̣˼֣ȥۣλС
˵꣬Ƶ˸ײһ£۵
ȿȡ
аź룬ҲĨˣֱ˵ɣ֮죬ǵʱη֣
һһǳأǳء
ٺ١
аЦЦ㣬ǳأ۴ȥĵġ
ȻּۻۣƵ˲һ亹ȥʱۿɲô˵ġ
ˣСӣءаûʶǿֲӣûô£ʱƵ˴
Ȼɫˮ˵鹬ⶴ֮أ챦ǵʱȡһ
аһУΪıǵ仰ʱ˵ˣˬӦã˵һԾŶؾʳ԰ɣ
һԼȳ׷
˫ָ󣬿˵
ƵվһԣȴǲʲôһԱ߰˷ܵа˿˿ϼһòǡ
Ǳˡ
Ƶ˿ȥ˵ȥ֮죬ңȴɶȥĵطתתκ飬ѶҼɡ
ϷģһڣƶȻ鹬ʱɨǰ
Ƶ˹˫˵ģȥʮֹϾô˿ţ˽ʱǰƺԷˡ
ţҵȶλϢ
˵꣬ɶԶȥˣֱӰʧƵ˲˿Աߵа˺һۣɫ˵ûɱʱӣԺǰ˵ǽһЩ
ô𣿡
а°ͣȥķ˵˵Сӵʲôͷô
֮ôˡ
ƵüʵΪԪħҲɱ˵ĿֲӣħԨ֮£ԷϢħϢ
ţǱһϹħˣ֮ǰںǸˡ


1392 鹬
İ£ɶĴ棬ɽ˼֮ЩĪɽ⣬סڹɽģвɽ
Щɽձ鳤٣Ⱦ˶ͨʵ˼ķˣҲ
ɽҲв˼ݡĹųǣɽ棬ʵֻͨɽ
˼һÿÿҹﻪյӳźƻ貣ӵ
ڽϣյģ˵ģŮںӱ߷Żƣò֣ɶ棬ƶһУС
磬硭㿴
УֻɶһߣﻹǺ«˹׷һϲǺ«ûǮء
㲻Ǹ˵ԵĻ𣿡
⣬
һҡҡͷϲǮȥǵǽ˵ɶס棬˼ҵĶҪǮá
Ŷ
ɶС죬ָϵߵߣǱһλС͸ҵģҲҪǮ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵λߣһǺ«
š
ɶСԴ룬һ±ˣЦɶ֪ˣߣͽǺ«ҸǺˣ
ͷˡ
ţҸǺ«ȥ
ɶÿɰһ˵ţһֶȥ䲻ʳ˼̻ȴδһҲϲ˼䣬ں棬ԭϵĹɽҲ˼䷲֮ء
ӣѾȥ£Ƶ˺аѾ˹츽˰ɣҲʱȥˡ

֮죬ս׷ɣɱ洦ɼԭһЩʢĶ츣أҲв⵽ƻ
ǰ㵽˰ɣ
ʱһɽֻʮӰװƵһˣʮ죬Ǻòײɱ츽ǰѾԽԽŨˣɱҲԽԽˡ
˵֮ĵطô֮ǰռݵġ족֮ʢĵطҪ֮죬빥졣
ٺ٣£ɲš
аЦЦǰɷ촦ضǰ沼ɱ֮󣬵Ѳ֪˶棬Ҫȥ죬ǵóɱ֮󲻿ɣͬʱ÷ֹϮɱ
߰ɡ
Ƶüǰɷ촦Σ֮ڣҪ˵죬ռλúʱƽķ֮һΣʧ
а˼һصӣֺٺЦЦ¾£ȥ鹬ɨĵˣȴһֱڰʱȸں󡣡
֪
Ƶ˼һſڵ˭˭ǻȸ⻹һء

죬ɱķ߽Ѿɱ˽ʱ鹬棬Ƕʮŵʱʣʮ
ЩµĽ󷨣󷨲ԭģֻ꣬Щ󷨵ǧǰѾľѰĹżʹ¼
߹֮£ʮƹҲҪɢȥˡ
һ󷨵ľʱߣҲض񹥽鹬ܵ
ʮƹ⣬鹬㵭ĹĻ֣Ļʵ갴չżأɽ֮µķ
죬Ѿжɽӵ󷨵ҲѾľˡ
ʱǲĻ棬ŶʮӰһЩ뷢׵ߣҲмӡ
ʮˣҵһˣǲ֮ǵ걻շǶʮɵ죬鹬ҪĿǱ񽻻ԼĻԪ
ã鹬󷨼ȫɢǰǺҲԹýȥ
գЩҲѾ칥ˣһ׷㻹Ϸһ԰գϿ󷨣ǵĻԪһЩ˹ʱҵȻֿǿУĻЩ˹鹬ؽ
֮˲䴫鹬ôʱڹеĵӣǲˡ
ô죿Ǵˡ
ʱһĴֻһŮⲽŮӣɣԼأģȥԼĪʮ£覣޾ˣɽ֮ˮ֮顣
˿ڵⲽ̵ָһɴɴҲĵĺˮʪˡ
һ˫ˣѹô˴ѣʵʦãһ鹬ˡ
ϧһĳԳȴһԣǰҪȥ鹬ҵز
ˣˣ
ʱֻŻܽһŮӣŮŵɫɷףһʵ¡˵
أع
Ůҭ˿ڿˮ˵棬⡭⣬߾ˣֵ£ֵ»жʮĸ֡
߾֣ʮ֡
ʱһһֻеתֹ˵߾֣һȥʱܹ鹬ˣοô֣ķֱ֮
֪ʲôˣ
˿̣ǿʵ֮ǰʹƣ֮ɱĻ鹬ͱˣҲȵա
أع
ǵɷףŬ룬˵֪ĸģرͣǵǰˣĸģɱˡ
ԣһɱϣ֮ݣô󣬱ضһӲĺ̨ѵо
ܣоռûԶ飬µռ֮졭
ô죿һգǱṥ졭
Ůɫɷףѻ񣬶ʱһѵŮȥƺӣֻҪȻǶʮ˵ĻԪǣԣʱҲԳֵߵˡ
У
ԴǾܲǶʮʲôһЩûرԪˣʱ˵ֿǿУֻǻҪ鹬
ڣʮ˵ĻԪƾʮԪһвЩֵסߣĻ鹬֮գӣҪЩ֮³ˡ
ѵ£ֻȥ鶴졯һô
飬𽥱Щʹ࣬Աһ鶴족ĸ֣Ҳʱɫ


1393 

ɫѿ鶴εȿֲûܹų
ڵ꣬鶴㱻Ϊ˽أ沼ʮӡκҲڡ
Ȼʦʣ߾ΪȥҲһοأ
鶴澿ʲôʵҲݹżأضŲ֮ɹ˴Σѡ
С
գҡͷһ̾Ȳûеӽȥ鶴죬棬µʮӡһʱƬ̣ҲԴ򿪡
ʲδ½ӡ֮ҪǿƵĻ»ƿȴ鹬󷨡
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֮ǰѶŮǻ񣬶ʱӴҴææ˽ˣ
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ǰֻɫɷףΡΡ˵棬桭˷еˡ
ˡ
һʱ䣬ֻеЩͷĿѣĵ飬ڻǷˣЩԼ鶴ĻᶼûС
ҪȻ
ѵĵüͷ壬˵ʲôղȰѻ˵ִ꣬ˣҡҡͷ
һּʵôģ˭ɱģϣʲôϢ𣿡
ϴɾ飬˵硣鹬Ҳ޷ȷĸ˵棬ĸ˵Ǽ١
أعʱʱû鵽
սӵͷָҲ˵Ȼ̾˰ˣ°ɡ
ӶȥһʧǵߵǾľգӰ԰Цôÿܶ˲ء
һ˵ţһժ·ǧ˿ɢ·һɲǻǧ
ֶžӣһһȥϵǾе˶ᣬϣȴֽˮһһʪױݡ

ڶգߵڻǹ˽棬ǶʮɵˣɫҲǵıԪȻҲ֪ŮһûԪвǡ
ʳȡǻԪʱ䣬ֻʲɱǣ񣬼ʹǵĻԪҲ޷ɱǣɱϾ˼ԪΪˣԺҲԾΪֱõ˶٣
ˣˡ
ԶǿϢķţһɳɽѹȻѹ˸˵ϡ
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ʮˣһ̣һԺѹ֮УԶӰת˲Ϊ׵ˣƵ˺аˣһ·ɱķ衣
ٺ٣鹬ⶴ죬Ȼ鴫Զŵٺ١
ԶһƬֵĹаһааЦݣ˵ãһֻŵ
СЩ
ƵԵñȽϽʱǹĶʮ쿴ȥʵ棿
߾Ϣһ𣬺οƵԶһ߾߿ɱȣǶʮˣʱɾʱߣǿϢѸٶ
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а˺ٺһЦԶȥֻǱƲ㷭ӿһӰ󣬻Ųߡ
ٺ٣Ϲ֣Щˣ⻹ûء
а˳ӰķЦһӰת˲ȴһ׵۵İ׷ߣһĿ磬аȻϵ
˿Ƶ˿˿ԭȴˣ˵Ƶѣþò
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ӴɷϹ˼꣬Ҳϳˣ
аȻҲʶѪӡߣʱһ¾ĸ߾֣ڳģ˲һ
Ƶʼնδɹ裬ɷӺӣ⸽Ȼű߾֣ΪԵЧ
ʱĽѾȫˣµʮƹҲѾɢˣܿ죬⸽ߡ
ȥֻ˷Ӱ´£иҲΪ͵ɢˣն©
С©ǴģԱҪȾָ죬˿̣ƵѾ䱸Ȼڶûгһ߾ڵǿߣⲻûУ½գһսˡ
ڣ˴˶ţʱɱذڵ鹬棬˭Ҳǰһ˭鹬ƱسΪ˵Ŀ꣬˭ȥͷ
˱˴˽Ž䱸֮ʱֻ鹬Ȼһ󿩿ŮЦ½ݺ˲һ㶣ţһ֮УǼˣֵΣ
ôλԶ鹬ȴһҽҲûôǣֻ˵ˡ
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аҲĿת¥ǸˣԱƵȴ˿ĹӰ죬ȥһʲôҪ
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аشջĿ⣬ʱߵҲˣƵϢһʱЩ˻ȥ
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ȶ֣ԶͶһĿ⣬ɷڣҲ˹ڰлжˣǾ͸ǲˡ
ߣ
Ƶһߣһɨ˵ӽ죬Ϊ죡˭һԣ

һ£Ⱥʱѵǰշ˲ɽɵǸ
Ǻǣ˵ʲôʲôôܲˣ
ô˵֮ƺǸδɵСëӰ
һʱ䣬˵ţƵԭסЩˣɲóһ㱾岻סô˵ġ
鹬¥֮ϣҲ˫üһƵˣ˸ղ˵Ǽ٣Ƕʦʲôˣ
е˼Ǻǡ
ʱԶһ䲻Цѭȥȴ˵һӣȥƺҲ̤߾ˡ
⣬֪ʱˣве߾ĸ֡
Ϲô죿ĻסȺ˰ڿȥֻܴ򿩣
аһ˵ţһѾԪ˫֮䣬Ȼһڰ̫ӡ
ƵҲٶԣһɨʱһںЩߣΣҲֻü𷨱ɽ׼ƴһսˡ
߼״Ҳ˵ķɽսһȼ
Ȼڸ׼֮ʱ֪ȻһɳǺ⣬ڳˣĪ˸
һɺϢ˸սһӾ͸ˡ
鹬⣬һ±ü䰲ɺ£˶ס˺ȴֲ֪Ԩĺ䣬ǴӺζ


1394 
ʲôˣ
鹬ˣס˺Ȼȴֲʲôر֮˵ǸղǹϢĺô£
棬鹬ĵҲǸǹ¥֮ϣǧģʱɫȴҲ˼֡
ߡװŪ
˰죬˵ͬʱǺʧֻعĿ⽥Ƶ˺аϡ
СأܶļĿ⣬аƵ˴ȥһ
ȵȡ
ƵҲӦţղǹɺ⣬д⸽ˣΪְ첻ӰѵǱʲôǿסˡ
ٺ٣ƵˣаˣͲҪװŪˣҪ鹬ƾ汾ɣ
֪һƵعʱԥа˴ȥһȻЩ˵֮ʣ˷Ӱ
ЩˣаȻһЦҲʱ򡣡䣬һƴжʱһ̫ӡ䡱һˣѪ˳ȥ
Ƶȫһɨ֮磬Ҳһ½һʮ˳ȥ
Ȼ⸽ȴи߳һʱ䣬ɱ죬ѪȾգ鹬ĵӣȼƣʱŵľȥһѰ鹬Ҳûˡ
Ƭ֮а˺ƵϾմѪЩɵĳϣҲһЩˣΧĹƣȴɱԽԽҡ
ƣôȥҿҪˣ滹мֻȸء
⸽ߵƣанп಻ߣҲܲסΧĳֹơ
ٳһ
ƵϽѪҲ֪ɱ˶ˣŵȫʬ壬˵ʱһɨʱٱ
Ųס˰
аˣһֱ˵󣬴ʱȻ⣬˵ҪȻȳɣռ鹬ͷСӻˣһǣ
У
ƵԴǾ˵Σð鹬
ʱ˿̣Ȼ֪ʲôղϢˣ˵˾ڸȴٳٲضˣضһΪ֮ˣ
Ҳʧ˵ĻһƳ䶨鹬պҪٴˡ
ûУŲסҲøҳţ
ƵѪа˵һۣͬʱһɨбһͼ͵Ϯߴ
ҵùҾͲˣ
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߶ֻѪɫΧӰƣ֮洫ľѡ

аӡһѪɫ棬ʱɳѪܵĶسΧȥ
ͬʱ֮ӰҲȥһ±쳣Ŀֲ

һʱ䣬ҽϣжһˣſѪڱҧ̱Ѫ׹ǣԪҲɡ
ЩߵѪַ֮ɻУֻһѪ⣬а˿УһĻֻ鹬ЩŮŵɫɷף겻塣
ˣҲмֱ¡
ʱԶһɽϣֻһվżӰ鹬ߵս
վǰģһµӣһ壬ŵϣһͲǷ
һѰֽȣҡΣղ˵֮ˣˡ
ǡ벶ȸں󣬿ϧӲǻȸӥ
Ȼ֮䣬¹ʮʱ񿴵óĿľֻһ鹬ҲһСС죬ǡ֮죬
Ҫ֮Գ
ȥôãû֮£Ҳб䣬ӻǽΪϡʱһµСѵ
ģ֪ô
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ǵϻ˵ɣڲж
ߵüʼֲĸоղǹɺ⣬ǡ
һԶһӰ·ǽ¹һ˾ϻˣϡ
δ䣬һӰѾϣһ̴۵ߣȻȴֻ˵һ֣ߡ
ϡôˣ
¹üһһ½Ⱥˣ˵鹬ǰΪʱ
Աߵȴע⵽ˣ½棬մѪ
ۣ
Ȼ̴һ仰δ˵ͻȻһѪӿ˳һ±ʮɷס
ϣ
أ¹Ǳɫһ½סˣ
ʵѾ̤߾ڣ֮ߣѵǵڰ˾ߣ
̴ɫ԰ֽҡҡͷˡ죬òˡȻȥ
֮ʣǰһɺ⣬̼Ա΢΢һϢ
ʱ鹬ǱߣȻսңƵѾˣа䶯áᦡ͡Ҳһ߾͵Ϯⷴɡ
һɲǣǹԨĺʱһȻͣ
ʲôˣ
һأڿˣԶһӰ˰׷ѩ䣬̤Ѫˮ֮أɺ⣬ٲȻǴɢģ
أСӡǺˣ
ɱۣʱ˾޶ãʱвȥ˱Ŀ⡣
˲ǱˣȻˡ

Ȼ䣬һ˫ѪߣȥһָһָҲ쳣ֱͣȡȥǾֵ̧һ˲䣬һָǹļһһʧ١
⣬⡭
һĻ˾һǷӦֻղŷָǸߣͻȻҽһǱ˶ס˺һ˫뿪棬

߲ҽһ˫һ²Ѫ˿Ѫ˿Ѹٱڣ֣˻عϱҲûκһ˿Ϣ
ͨ
ʬȥҲ֣һ̣ķ߿޲¶ɫһ˲ƿԪҲδ¡ʲôɱֶΣ


1395 ֮
鹬ǰѪɺӣʱע֮£һǰȥߵ˾һæȥóһ·
鹬¥֮ϣҲѾ棬ǵӰһľԽԽ죬ˡȻ٣ࡣ
𡭡ϣ
ƵѪǰӭӣû߼ȻһΣﾹһѪӿ˳
һ½סһԪ룬ȶƣ˵°ɡ
ǡ
Ƶȥһߣа˸ղҲסˣֱڣŻعҲ֪еСӡжˡ
Χˣס˺ҲǼ߾ߣԼеˣʱϢ£ˣ룬ԭշʮɵ֮ô
鹬Ƕʮɵ죬ʱҲ֪ΪΣȻһǿԷ˫۾׹Ԩĺ֮УָоǵʱҪѹϢ
񣬿棿
Щ⣬鹬ǰûкɱҲû󷨷Ǻһ֡
¥֮ϣԼʱŻعѣ˵ڴˣΣ
գһ±ý˲鹬ӣҲĵ
󷨡
Ȼƽʱ˽һû뵽󷨣ǹ鹬ĻǱȻֱӹƽȥվ˼ſڣñŵģ
ǡ
Цһ˵ء
˫ָƽƽҾͽⷽԲΪƽء
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ı£Ҫƿ󷨣ֱ練ƣȴ֣ҪԼ󷨣һǴ鹬ˡ
㡭
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󷨣аȥҲ룬˹˼䣬ضҲǷһİɡ
ʱ鹬󷨴򿪣ȴһ˸ҿתȥߵߣ֮죬֮أλͣĳɨӭĻ졭ͬ⹬ʬ塣
һ˵꣬һ̧һ֮ӿصʬ壬һɲ˲仯ΪޣصѪˮҲһ˲ʧˡ
⣡⡭֮
ڳ֮ˣ޲Ȼʧɫһ˲㽫ʬ廯Ϊޣ֮ʲô
֮ϸʱҲʧֻϹŴ˵֮УΪλʹ֮
֮ʲô
ľ׷ȥһּ̣һ̧һϢ֮ӿ鹬⣬صĻľڶ̶Ƭ̼䣬ָֻ
⣬⡭ǣ
ٴһʼһܹ֮ðٻյ֮ˣˡ
磬磡
ʱԶȻһŮ˻عŮȥֻŮٻȹǳ˫β϶ˣǡ
磬һ
ֻɶı˹ˣ£һ˶ԷؿϣЦɶһٲŹɶû͵͵ˣŶ
ţɶԡ
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ƵվڲԶϽ·˼£ϵѪɾ˲Ÿҹ漴鹬һ֣ϣ롣
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΢΢ͷǣɶ鹬ȥЩߣȫȻ޶á
ɶ濴һۣС磬滹кöء
ùǡ
ûЩߣֱ鹬ȥƵ˺а˵ˣҲȥ
˺Ƭ̣߲عɱ˴࿴ԣѾ˸ǰˡ
Զɽϣ̴ˣȴȻŬʩڲɽϵϢ
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ӣ߰ɡȻ˵
ߵЩǽ¹Ȼʵ鹬ķֱָ죬һ䣬һâʷȥˡ

鹬ս£ڵӵͷ˵Ҳزţбڵ׵ϣһҲνӣҪɱҪУϤ㡭󣬻ִ˸Ƿ
ٺ١
ʱа׵˿˿Цϲչ죬֮ǰϡ
˵꣬Ƶ˱һۣаȴ˿ɻ䣬Ц𸴡
ǳأ⣬鹬֮ȡһ
ٺ١ϹȻһԾŶǾлˣٺ٣
һŵ֣ɰаֻˣֻƵһۡ
ٺ١
а˲ŲȥƵˣĿɨţ䵽ЩŮʱЩŮӶŵûһæȥϾ֮ǰʶǡˡĿֲˡ
գа˵Ŀ˴ʱڵ׵ϣҲ¶ааЦݡ
Ŀһ˲䣬ȫһ£һµаǳȵĿʱǻһɫȻ䣬ҲǸղһνģˡ
ֻǣڣа˱ЦЦָϣҾͿˡ
һ˲䣬Ҳ̳ɱһĵӴסˣƵ˺Ǽʮߣסˡ


1396 һһﰲ
Ҫ
Ͼʧɫ˿תͷǰаˣû뵽鹬ǧ챦ҪֻҪˡ
ٺ٣
аЦЦ˵ϴӦң鹬ֻҪҿϵģȡһɣұǿ鹬ǰˡ
⣬ڵʧɫû뵽ȻҪ
У
Ͼ״֪ܲаж£Ԫ֮Ѫιж³ң
ٺ٣ôͲˡ
а˹ȥŵûһæӵһֱܵţץ䣬ӣ㣬ɱҶԣҪ͸
ٺ٣ģҿ϶úôģǲһ
ааЦʱȥŵ񲻶Χᶼųˡ
ӣˣҹ챦ģҪĻȫȥˡӣˡҪӣңҡ
ŵܣЩĴȫڵأҲŻˣʱǰ
˶ɣٺ٣
аǶʳһȥŵһЩײӡҪҪҸ

ƵԲסţ֪鹬ӣʱа˻ˣȵ϶ס֣
һȣа˹ͣȴ˵ȥȥȥһԾŶϴӦҵģʲô£һ߶ȥǳ͸ˡ
㣬㡭
ƵεһţͲĶ㿴㿴⻨ƿÿǻ㿴㿴
ȥȥȥҡ
аҲúܣҪŵûʧɫڰųˣӡ㣬㻹ɱҰɡˡ
Ҳûϵ龰ʱüаʵҪ𣿡
аҲͣԴ⡭Ǵʳ˰ɣ
ӡӣˡ涣ӣ˿ҲĲ̡
аˣһԼȳջ֮
仰ʱȫһ䣬˲׹˹ȵףһ˿ϣҲˡ
ٺ١һԾŶǵ澴Ϊˣٺ٣
аЦٺȥץʱȴȻǬȡһһ±ýӲӵģΪһϹ֣ʹڵˣһ̶ܵ
Ӵǡ̫ˣɶ
аæ̧ס۾˺Ƭ̣ĽâŽȥ
ֻ״צͨɫ͸һΪϹֻѾЩϸ΢Ѻۡ
ǽ㣬ԶЩνķɱȣֻϧ֪ôˡ
⣬ǡ
һ̣аȻҲܵˣʱ̲һȵϹǷ
Ի㡯Ϲʱڣħ֮ս𻵣뷲䣬ŻһΡ
⡭
⣬˵ĿⶼĽ棬
аҲסˣʱĿһڽ棬Ҳȥһˣ̧ͷϣ˼ǡ
ֻٶһΣԱһôﻻΣ
ԣ˽һҲȻ
áãϵңа˴ǳϣЩţԷϡ
ȻֻٶһΣȴ൱Ӵ˶һѵܱһ㣬Ȼ֮ˡ
ȻȥӵʱԱƵȴɫһ䣬һ¾ͳס֣ʲô㻹ȥð
аһ£˵ʹ͸ҵģΪʲôãÿ
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޷Ҽ˵Ҫ㲻ʳԡ
ǰ˼ݵаǰƵһ㶣һ㶵Ŀʵ׽͸˼һ⡭
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аֽӹ㣬ڻߵߣûعʹ͸аˣ
ϡ
Ƶ˵Ҳûˣ⵽ǡô£
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ž¶ЩɵĳϣһѵŮƵľ¶ܳһΣ󸣷ˣ˿̣û˵ˣͲԼܵˣǾ¶ˣҷһΣͨ
ƵСӹƿڻЩţֵ⣬˴λ˵йڳ֮ˣͣλϵţͣ±㽻ɵˡ
һԣЩɵĳϷŷӦû뵽ԭҲʹ͵İһʱ׷׵лϣ
¶ЦҲƴˣһ̣ǰλˣ͸ղаһ£ʵ㷴ڣаΣǿа˻Σû
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аĽ㣬ֵúϲ£죬ںߣĿ䣬ڻûع
΢΢תͷȥӽҵˡ
ңҡ
ȴһҲ˵ˣ̧ͷ͵͵һۣǰ˵ǣ֪Ҫʤʶٱ˵ʵڵģղǽ㣬ЩԷۡ
ң֪ˡԺԺ£ϷԸ
Խ˵ԽСȻΪܸߣɱϾҲһ֮ղžȻſˣһ룬Ƕ˰
˹ȥ˵Ȼ鹬Ĺ֮죬ˡ

̧ͷ˿ְͷȥЩ˵Ļҡ
Ŷ
̧ͷһۣջǰǶʮöȡ˳Щȥˡ
鹬棬ǶʮɵȻû뿪Ҳʶ˸ղŹеһУʱǸ
棬һӣʮö㳯Щ˷ȥЩ˽סԼĻû뵽ױ㽫黹ˡ
㡭
ŶʮöصЩ񲻽üһαЩңô׾ͰѻԪ
ЩǶʮλĻԪѾ黹λˣǡ
˴ȻһݣʱǶʮ޷ֻӽ󣬶ҡ
ҡҲˣ
Ƕʮˣæȥһֹ̲ȵʳǻԪʱҪη塣


1397 Ǭ
鹬⣬ʮɵ˲ԶһЩûȥʱһĻҲе󷢺
ռ죬ʱǡռƣϹŽƣѸٻķֿٳҵ˿ˮѸľȶ˷űüǡ
Ƿŵ죬δػ統һռ죬ǵռʱȴҲֻưһֻⷽԲǧԶԶ㲻֮죬֮
ϾǳԾǧʱ޿̲ʵĵط
ˡ
ԶЩߣʱֻеϮ˵ʵĺռ鹬ǰˣǺݣһ־Եĵ֮ƣ
һĪҲӣ
Ȼ䣬ԶЩ߶˸˴Էɫɷףչ󡭡ֻ֮ҾƣӴ˱ҪǬһ

ҹ࣬бƹ˪ҹҲຮ
ʱһûʵ޹УֻϥĿɣԴ˵صϵһһѹȥ
ϡ
ʱнŲƵ˹⣬פǰ
š
һ۾ϵѾѹȥˣ˵ɡ
ǡ
ƵˣÿһıòСʱɫЩãСˡ
ް
Ƶ֮ʱѾܵϵϢˣȴͻȻûˣֱúŸĪǵʲôǿˣ
һ߾ڵߣЩ£֪ǺˣҲ޷ʱӦѾȥ
߾ڡ
Ƶ룬߾ڣǱ㲻СˣķûмˣʱҲȥ²⡣
վ飬ˣ
Ƶ˻ع˵ǶʮɣѾˣزߣֻǡ
˵˴ͣһüּطһЩռţЩУе֮е֮е֮߻ӡ
߻ӡ
ߵߣ亮£ռ鹬֮죬ȴȻҲңԹУΪ˲еġ
ϡδΣƵߵСʵ
ߺ£˵ҲڸӪկһߣ֮ңֽݣôһУ塣
ԡ
һ̣˫֮͸âҪҹһƵѾµ֣üҲԽԽˡ
ԡҪ֮졣
ҪⳤҹҲסʹƵѲµɴʱ׶˵Ǹеһ

ҹɫ֮УһĽֻУѾһѱĽ
԰׵¹£۹¸Եú䣬ĲбĽ͸ʹƵվһԣҲܵɳĹº
˽Ի۹£ô˽ߣܶ£գһ룬˽һνԴ˽ء
һ˵ţָһ߻ӽĦһ̷·𣬶
۹¡
ƵѽԭǴ˵µһа۹¡
ô˽ߡɱ⣡
һɲǣҹɫø⺮䣬ƵɫЩף˫ȥӵ۹£ǱĽ֮ʱȫһһ˲䣬׹ǳ꣬յԨ
˿̣ס۹µ֣ҲڲţС̧ͷƶʹ
һŴҹɫ˵ӴԺҪ֮Ժͽ˼䡯˼ߣԿˡ
ԭ֮ǰһд㣬˼ߣܴϴΪɽһ£в˼߱ץȺ
Щ˼ȫ֮һ׳֮ʵʹ֮ȶҲɸЩˣһ֮Ӵ˲ɽ衣

ҹɫ࣬Ƶ˴ŵ۹뿪ˣվڴ̨ߣŴɫ˼
أŮ۶˵Щǵʬħ֮գѾԽԽˣ֪ʲôʱ򣬵ڴ֮ǰҪ顣
Ȼ䣬뵽հ죬ˣ߾ڵΪ
һ£ó䲻⣬δܹشˣˡǺ
ડડડ
ʱϣһĽŲһתȥȴŵһɵ洫˽ʣ֪˭ˡ


1398 ķ
ӡ˯ô⴫üû𣿡
ǣô죬𣿡
ֻ˽ϵһҡΣӳǧĵΣ·ϵĺ䣬Ҳһ¼˼֡
ʲôʱǧӣüһʵ
⡭֪𡭡
ͷһЦס촽С˵칫˵ӽұˣⲻ𡭡
ܣҵ˼ˡ
˹ȥ˵˵ǣӴԺһУҵģȻҵģȻҲ㡭
ѽ֪֪ˣǸϿİɡ
Ͽ죿Ͽʲô
֣춼ˣ㲻˯𣿡
˯Ȼ
ֻŮͬһңҹ㣬ɡ˵գ˸֡
ǡ
㶵Ŀ˵ǹ
֪ɡ
ٴΰ˸֡
㣬ˡ˲飿
һֵĿ˫ü΢ֽһͦţѵò㿴
½֪֮Ϊ˹ѡ롣
ʲô˹ѣʲô߰ģ˹ѡ
һţȥŲԶȥʱֵˣм£˸㡣
ʲôѽͨˣһ𣿡
һתȴÿǹ棬£ӳֽϵӰӣӰӣҲ䡭
һŴϣʦġ
ȣһ±ʮְˣֻгڲݴ϶òΡ
Եͳ࣬Ҫ𣬵Ҳԡ
ǡ
ȴЦЦ˵˹ʲô£ΪʲôҪ̯ӶңԼȴȥѰʲôҩʲôΪҲ֪ôǺǡ
ҹذɣ˽ͼǡ
ٴδҲûٶתʱ·ȥˡ

ڶ峿մӹҪȥɶʱȴȶ棬ˣƺҪÿ
ô磿
Ȼˡȿȡ
ȿȡȿȣ
ȿȿȣ
˹һ·ȴͣȿȿȡˣɤӲ
㡭촽һҧԴĪľģ
ȡһֻƿ˵ҩԷô˵ȣԹŷƶɣɤЧ
㡭
ȫסˡ
л
΢΢ͷƿ㼴ȥˣȵʱŻȻûߡ
ɤӺ𣿡
ãˡлϹġ㶵ģˡǲǲϲŮ˰
˿
ûûС
Żعȡһᣬ˵֮죬ĵͼˡ
š
ӹͼһֻͼɽˮעõҲϸ
ԭ֮⣬ĸĸ˴ƺ⣬ΧҲвС鸽
ֱʱϸĵͼ֪ԭƬ죬ֻһǳѡ
̫סɷࡢһ
ʱĸ˵˳ֵ̫׵棬Ұ󣬰һֱ빥죬ңȻΪΨһˣֻһֱƺ⡭ɷ˵ҰģͬСҲһֱ졣
˿̣ĴƼ˵һ£ŵͼȻѿ컹żֻ⼸䣬ĸ͹ˡ
鹬˾޴ıʣĸѱ֮켫ңҪ£Ҫ겻ɽ
Ҫ𣬸ҪǣҪĸңһߣ֮죬ؽҡ
νɽ״أһ˴ˣʱǿռʱأܡ
ʱ˵˼䣬˼ʿԼֻ¶Ҫ⵽ֹ׷ɱϾնݳһ˵̫׵죬Է˯ð
˿̣˼ĬЦһǣ֪ĸˣҪȥ𣿡
˵꣬һͼһ߻صĸһߣ鹬Ƿָˣ
˴ͣһؿ񣺡˵ء
ŴԣҲ˵ˣ仰һѪһߣЩʱѵҪȥֿЩ𣿽Ҳܹͬ档
ˣм¡
ͼһʱŻعһ£ʵʲô£
̨ͤ濴ȥ˵ɽ磬ԭɽһƬһ̺̫֮鱦һ¡
鱦
üһɽɽƬ鱦˵ģϻ֮ɽ¶Ҳ귽ɡ
ʱ䣬ɷĹżκԿɸҡ


1399 
á
˵ͷȻ֪ԷĿʲôȻѾԸˣ͵һ˿ȥ鹬֮λҲʱˡ
һ£ȫƵˣƵҲʹֳֵ۹£ն߾ߣ̶һʱ䣬ȹ츽ǧԶԶ˵ʡ
˽֪鹬ǧ֮죬𽥴֮أΪ֮أͼȾָɽߣ޲նɱ
£Ȼڹɽ˲С䶯ⳡȷѪ֮ˣҲû뵽ȻǰȥɽǸ˼ߡ
ɽ˼ʿ˵֮죬˼ʿɽ˼һ֮ҲķӦ׷׸ϸޡ
һ֮Ʊøֹһ£֮ĸ֣ǧң˽֮죬Ӵ˸˼䣬ϸ涨
̫סɷࡢһĸȻֻϧѶĹѸޱȣһȼ˲ϯ˷̲ļ֣Ҳѵƿص
֮棬
ʱ鹬һ仨׷ɵ԰ڣֻͥŲˮϣոյϢƵѾ̫׽߳ɵֻʵһѹŽ̫סֻƵضѵС
̫׳ĻңҲ䣬һΣҪȥһˡ
磬磡
ʱɶСѾ˹ﻹһЦ㿴ɶղģһɲήŶףɶ˵𣿡
ɶ
˲ϵ࣬˵ոҪȥһˣɶ⹬ˣΣ
ҪȥԶĵطɶҪ͸һȥ

ҡҡͷ˵Զܿͻ

鹬ɽϣɽ壬Ի˫塱ʱɽϣӰ´£һˣһ̫׵ˡ
ɽ֮䣬ϢȴӰţһ˰׷ģǸߣƾһֵ̫סƵ˺а˵ֹ
棬Ϊ̤߾ڣǰѹŽ̫סʹƵֳֵ۹£а֣Ҳѵ
϶˲öԸ
а˿ᦣʱ˵ҲʮֳһᦣʱڶԷ̫׽£Ҳһжŵòҳˡ
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ƵҲӡǰеĵ۹½ȴǲֹȻ۹½ǿȴҲֻܷǲܷ۹֮ġ
˵棬˵ΪԱа˸С߾棬һСĲ࣬ˣοСͬ߰˲㡣
ߣ
ֻһߣôǧ꣬㱾£Ϊжͣ
һ˵꣬Ԫһһɿֲ֮ӿһ¾Ƶ˺а˫˫˳ȥ
ϼһ
ʱ˾ɫɷףƵȴѪ˳Щ߼״ʱҲҶˡ
û¡
Ƶ˲˲ǵѪ۹½ַһĮȻؿˣձ㽫Ƕ˵ԪˣС꣡
䣬ֻһ̧϶ʱִƬӰӰУ֣а˶ʱһˡأ
˵һɲǣӰѳһ˲䣬аҲ˲ô࣬һףҧ⣬һھѪϡ
ӣʱѪжǿ˳Ӱȥ˷ǿƬ̡
Ƶɫһ䣬ԥͬҧָ⣬ѪԪ۹һѽʱѪݡһֳȥ

һ죬ߵ߶Ĥѣֻ̫׹Žīת̫ӡʱʱ֣ȫ޾۹µĽɷ֮

һ죬۹¾ɣƵ˶ʱɫһףӡ˫֣Ҳϲ
⽣Ҳˣߣ
һߣһ̫׹ŽʱҲһ̫ӡһ±ɢ˵۹µĽɷ֮
ȥ
һֵǰ̫׹ŽͻȻһϳ۹¹ȥһʱ䣬Ƶõ۹²ɣͬʱƵҲȥ
ۿƵ˺а˾ѿ֧Ųסˣߵ߽ŵɫȻ̫׹ŽҪƵ۹µһ˲䣬Ȼ䣬֪ģһɺţ۹½Уɺ͸һ¾̫׹Ž˿С
ţ
һɲǣֻǰ̫׹Žһ̾ȻԣȻֻһ˲䣬۹½ϣʱһ±Ƶ̫׹Ž˻ȥ
棡
ۼ澹ȥɽЩ߾һæʮˣͬʱԪ˲ȶ
ȻŸովΣǵ۹½ϣɽƲɵƵ̫׹Žɡ
Σ̫ŵ߾һæַʮˣֵѽ
ɾˣ˺ҲԵ´˽ֱ֮ʱž㵵ط֣У֪ʱѶһӰ


1400 
ϡ
Щԭʧߣʱвֻһ⣬˵ֿõİ׷ӣһ˲䣬һڴʱ۹µĽ£ްֿ־塣
ٿǱߣȻʮ䱳֧ţҲȫֵסʱ۹µȽ⡣
ɽ֮䣬̫׹ŽϲȥҲŽ˫֣ͬϲ

̫׹Ž棬Ѿų𻨣Ϸ̶ĽǿҪѿһ
ٿգָָһ۹½ʱâɣһڽ̫׹Žȫɻȥ
ҲʱشһѪ˶󵹷˳ȥʮߣϲݿһ㣬ҷ˳ȥ
ʦ棡
ƼһĻ̫ŵЩӣľѣæȻһɲǣһǱƵø޷

һ죬˷Ӧʱһİ׷ӰǰһƲɵĽҲǰֻĸִ㣬
һ˲䣬һð֣̫ŵЩӸľЩߣʱеһĪĵ
ٺ٣ٺ١˼η˥ӡ
淢һЦɢ԰ףڴʱĻƻ£һį
ڻµһ˲䣬ֻͻȻһָһ͵سԼüĵȥһ£ɰѸ̫ŵĵӸŵĵѣʧ˳ʦ棡Ҫ

ֻһ죬гһָһĻҲѺЩ߾һ亹
аĿһͷ϶Ҳֱԣٺ١
ղһĻ̫ŵĵӸŵûɢʱɽ棬ޱȣ濴ЦһôҪҳ㣿Ȼһ˴ԶɫƵ˿˿ֻعͷҡҡͷܡ
Цһ˵ҽĽ£ӣȥ̫ţЩ޹ȫɱˣҲֻһǧˡ
գ˪Ƶ֮ԳΪƵʼնһɢˣɢ˶ԣûʲôǱȻšΪҪˡ
˾ͲͬˣˣűȻȥҪĶǣҲ
ͬ˼䣬ֻ˶̶ʮʱ䣬ħţȴòħ̣ΪħˣͬһˣˣԶǳ
οˣ֮Уѵãһɱ֮ҲÿϧҪԸˣҪһַʽ

һ죬ջ˵۹½ͬʱһɼ磬ǵʯ̫׹Ž˹ͻ
ֻתԶȥɱ㣬Ҫ֪棬ɳǰ֮ܣѰ֮ƣһ֮ǿվѸĴţͷЩǸ˭
˵գѾصһߵɽϣƵ˺±ߵߣãƵ˲Сһ䡰ϡ
һֹ̧ס˵ȥֻȥʱһɼ磬Ǳ߷ȥˡ
ȥķֱʱ̫׹Ž΢΢ţҲŸղһ
ڣŷ֣һΣ̫СˣΪֻǱʸһЩֶθһЩǣˡ
ʦʦ桭
ʱмӲΡΡͷ̫׹Žսȥ

һսδ˳̫ţ˫ϣһ棬һԭ̫ŵЩڿʼҡˡ
ңɷࡢһһȳɷҲֻܳʣľ֧ͬ졣
֮죬ֻʣ̫һδֻԭ̫׵ЩѾͷתڸûκһҼ̫ף̫ţǧѳ仨ˮš
ʱڴϣΣڵ£˲ոյ洫Ϣ̫׵һҲڽ񳿳ˡ

ٺЦʵû뵽̶һʱ䣬Էܽ˾ء
ܹһ̤ڰ˾ûκλؾ棬ڵΣѷǼǰܱȣȻƿռʱ˺̤ͣ˾Ҳδػܳɹһ֡
η˥ӡ
֮ϣ泤һ̾һ̣߷һǰԷǾ仰棬ɳǰ֮ܣȴѰ֮ơ


1401 ˼֮

֮ϣһ̾ȥܸˣѳɶ֣ɲˡ
桭ô죿
·ˣ޲ǻֿ̻֣̫̿ŴȥԸǣЩҲȻ
ʱ̫ʵۺ񣬿ڹԮȻΪͣһһԵֿǧ
֮棬̫ŲǿУ̫ʽ΢ЩǿбȻ
ڣֻһ·ߣҲһɽ֮ЩǿУŲ
Ļһǿˮ̫Ÿֵסܿͻ֮ʧ
Щ˵ֶΣɱ̵öˣ̫ŵĵӣӵĺǣҲһܹӵ
ˣˡ
̾βǰ̫ŵΣΨг죬˲һȿɽɵ
̫Ż񣬶һ֮ˣʱ棬˶ŲؿЩ˵ԶԽ¶˳֮ġ
ǣҲ֮ˣһִţкãվǴ̫
ڵս֮ʱȻҴܽһӣǵɫɷףᣬ˵桭棬˸ˣ˵Ҫ桭
˭
ʱһʱ˭Ȼڻ֮ʱ㴫һĳղǰɻá
ʱ׹ȵףܿ죬ƽϣߵ֪ݹ٣Сضˡ
ǰ˵Цˣ̫֮ţ˾˼Сء
ֻ⣬Ȼһ׷ӰǱˣ
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ߡ
һ䣬ߵǲ֪ˣν¡
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˿̵˶Ҳ֪˵ʲôʱֻѻ˵ꡣ

գ淢һ̾ϢҲû뵽֣֮֮һ˼֮˵ĵġ
Ŷ̶µʱ䣬˱ƽ֮֮ңĪǵ콵ӣ˭Ҳ޷ֹ
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桭
ʱ⣬ۿ̫˳ȥζӳ£Ҳ˵һζ
Ѿշ֮ʣµģȻɢˣЩɢˣʹΪٸߣҲң˲Ϊǡ

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⣬ֻζϣһѩǹɲʳ˼̻ľȻɽߣҲĪ
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һò磬ȥ԰ߡ
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ֻʱΪɽ¶Ϊ鱼˼䷢˺£˿֪ζȥƺҪࡣ
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˵ʲô
ʹһֱƽˮһζĻҲΪ֮һһ£ɽ磬Ȼڶ֪飿£
Ҫ֪ɽֻɽһƬѣǶ֮˥ȫǿϼȡ˼ݽߡ
ն˼ӣǱնԴҪɽڰ˥ߣճ׻ΪΪҪһɽˣµı󣬱Ȼ򵥡
Ÿǰʱ䣬պɽ¶ɵǶʱ䣬ʱ˵ע֮¶棬ȴ֪ɽķһ֪Ĵ¡
³ΪΣɽ˼ӱնϣԶҲزȥ˼ˣ
ζü˵ҵʱҲܻɣն˼ӣԶϺ·ʧȥ˼Դɽеֻ֧Ű֮꣬󣬻Ϊݲ
񲻶˵ţһζ̧ͷҸһﴫѶϢҴѾµˡ
˫ü˵ΪҪն˼ӣ
ζ˼ãŻ֣졣


1402 Ϲ˵
졭
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ڿ˼ԴѲʲôܣ飬һ˿ƵĹϵ
ζɽն˼ӣ޷ΪԱȾɽ
˴ͣһ˵ҲѾ֪һЩ£죬硯ֻħϡ̰Թ۶ɵһ硭
ųһһȾ˵˵˼͹ɽ磬֮׵磬ҲܲȾֻڤ֮磬ħ֮磬޾
ζˣһΣɽն˼ӣɽ֮϶׷ˣҲʱزȥˡ
زȥô
ųӣɽҲѾˣ˼һУ֪飬ʹζ֪Ҳࡣ
Ҳ֪ôˣδ벻ѣʵЩģڼȾֻʱǴɶһ鱦Ҳ췦ˡ
ڣûбķ˼𣿡
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ζüһȥ⴫˵֮δصڣɽ磬ΪѰ
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΢һֹ̧֣ס˵ȥֿʵΪоŮ۵ʵΣ
ţ
ͻȻһʣζһʱƬ̵û׹˵˱Ϊɲ⣬ɽ֮Уе֡

˵ͷԶȥ˵Ÿǰʱɽ¶оŮ۵ķ룬˵ʲô
˵
ζһһ˵֮ʱ˹ҲоŮĴڵʱɽж˼һ£֪飬οأ

Զ΢˵ʹоŮķҲв֪飬οңǧ磬ѵûп͸ô˴תͷһ
һĻټʱζһ»Ȼǧ硭жǿʵܿ硣
ֻܿڵ磬ԪӤڿԿԪӤڵ磬δʥ֮˿δʥ磬ʥʥ˵硭
һȥʥ˵磬ǿǴ粽аɣ
ζ׹ˣʵȥ飬ɽն˼£ǣ̫󣬾оŮǿˣûȥ飬Ȼȥ£
ʱһѣ󲻽һ亹
һ˵Ƚгһգҵʵ̤ǸеһУҲȻˡ
ζһû뵽һʱ䣬ı仯˴󣬲ֻΪǿˣ˵⾳Ѿ͵Ȼͬˡ
һУͨȻ䣬ԺֻˣȪȳʱʱˣʵ̫ˡ
ת˼䣬֮ʲôᣬϣ֮䣬Ҫвơ
һ˵ζҲ˵˼ʱ֮䣬ʼƵзǵУһʼȪ֮˾ͺԩһֵǷ졭
˿˼תȥͤ˵ʵһˣĿǰΪĵġ
˵֮ˣĪǡζһһ̣ƺµ˵˭ˡ


1403 

ͤԺ棬˽ɽ֮϶ǰ
֣洨ţټǶ飬Ҳᡭ
һһ䣬·ڶᡭ
ᴵҡҷˮ浴һȦһȦζ˵ǣӣ顣
һĹԵʣǲоʱǾмʵа죬˵鷽ɴȫΥҪаǧٱ
˫ʱ˹Ƴƶʱ⿴ͻȻϸС֣Щ֣ѪҺһ
ȫ϶ˣϵЩ֣һ룬䣬ֻˡ
Щ֣ǺΪҲš
ζ˵ǰʶҡΪǹƥҵ˫ǡ
ѾԭǸˡ
֪ΪΣӣҲĪеֺ䣬аʲôܲҲһְɡ
ڣܻ𣬵ȥʱЦӣ뿪ʱȻ˵ˮҲ޵һӡ
ҲʹģҲвԭɣ죬ջһƣûĻҲټаȥ
ǣô֮ӵʦãΪأʲôʱ˼ģҲ˵
ζ˼˵ڣҲûйκζĵġ

˵ͷѾˣɽ羹ûһ˿ûɽһҲɽ֮϶ôûɽ磿
˹ɽ磬Ŀֲʵһ㶯ҲûУ
ɱϣ飬ɽһǵˣֱӱŰɣ
죬ҲûκιĶĵġ
ʼգ֪ɽĿģѾǸˣʹպ˼棬ҲòСĽ
ζһʱһʱԺˡ
ϣһ죬ܿ졭

һ޹⣬ХľΣϣʱһĴϣֻһˡ
ϵ洵磬סҡΣÿÿҹ˾֮ʱܸܵӵ۹½ﴫһ˿˿⡣
ʱѾȥˣһ£ȴʼüĽ
飬Ѿָ죬ϵʬħѵҲˣҪԸʦµһô
ʬħ֮գʮٽ֮ʱʮ֮£ؽ𣬳ɢֻҲ벻ˣʦҪ㣬ƭ𡭡
˿̣Ժ˵ɽϣŮ۵Ļһһ䣬·ڶߡ
ʦ
ֻһֱһ˵ܻгһգϴŵͻȻˣôض˵һ١
ֻ񡭡ûʲôԴݻֻ
ʦӦ֪Լ˰ɣ
ʱֻﴫı뵽һ꣬ʱʮأʦŽøԼӦһʼ㵽Լְɡ
ǴΣԼð֮踣ҲҪԼ
ʦ
һ̣ȻеĿһʹ·ֻصǸҹһһغʦ֡
ء硭
ʱɶȻ˽ŽѾﱧһżعȥɶôˣ
ءɶ˯ţɶجˡ
˿ֻ̣ɶ۳˵꣬һȻһףŵȫһĲżҲ˵ϡ
ɶ£ֻǴ˶ѡ
סȻȴŵûס޵Ҫɶ´ˣҪס
¡
һ죬ŵ۵һͷؿڣССӣϲš
ɶ£û£иڡ
ḧο뵽ոմɾʱ׽٣Ҳŵ÷·جһӣȷʵܺ´ס
˺һͣЪڵϵĲżɶҴط䣬¡
š
صɶЩҲ֣磬㲻Ҫߣɶһ˺¡
ţҲߡ
˯ܿ죬˯ˣ棬ģģ磬˵Ů㡭𡭡ɶ㰡

ֹȥһʱ䣬֮ƣѾȶˣҲ֪ˣһ
һգҲڴйϹĵͼ˼ãŵڷ޺;ۿǱߡȷ
ȷˣֻǴŰɡ̽飬öϹӣпɽħԨĽ紦ħɽ棬Ҳ˵ô޺;ۿޡ
ħɽ
üһŵͼϵıעҪȥħɽĻ봩޺;ۿޣطȥˡ
ħɽһ߾ħԨɽߵɽƲɽ˱ֹȥǸȥˣ
ָָͼϵıע˵ǣҪȥĻ͵·ߣڷиˣоŮҲδػȥ
˭
档
һɫ࣬˵һΪɲ⣬˶Ҳ֪ǧǰŮҲһǰΪҲоŮ֮£ɽ磬û˭ȥ


1404 
˿̣ѻ˵֮Ҳ˳˼йϹļأżҲ࣬޷϶Ϲħɽ飬ҲƵȥ졣
Ǳ飬ΪϹ£¹شݲðԼκȥ¡
Ȼ˼Ѿɳ߹ģҲķΪһЩδ룬Ҫ
£ǰȥ
һ̧ͷҪȻȥ¡
ԣһ£æҡȥ⣬⻹˰ɡ˵治ùùһССŮӣûôֲĵطȥ
Ͷˡ
վȥ˵Ҳһ֮ʱֳ֮ʡ
ģһΣ֮Ȼˡ
վں棬ԶȥӰҲûмֵף桭Ҫȥħɽֲĵط
˵յħۡѪЩǰĴ˵궼ħɽģЩ룬йľˣ˵ȥǿֲ֮ء

һɶ˯֮󣬲ͥԺֻҶӰҡΣǽǵĲݴг
ֱʱԺﻹŰ˵ЩԼ죬ζ˵Щ
һˣжǿʵܿ磬ң뵱ֻ꣬һССʱܿһ磿
Щֻصķ֮ˣģһ磿
һ̧ͷǳʹѾ̤ǿ֮ǿ֮ҲֻԵģǾԡ
֮ͬУķɽȻǿߣгһգϸ̤һƣῴһǿ硣
ʱ̧ͷǳ֪ǳʵǰĹԣҲЩ䡣
ǿߣˣЩǰǰ˵ǿߣںδǷҲͬϵһ䣬ֻǹԣΪ
ۣ֮ꡭ
Ȼ֮䣬һƵŮ
Ȼֻеͷʹѣ˭˭Ǹ֮еŮӡ
˺һĸоʧɷҲȻӰ涣ǽǲϴĳƸղţʲôҲûз
ƽǱԣҲܹϵȥΪΣǸŮӵ
Ҳֻǻþɡ
ߵͥԺ棬Ŵ˴Ϲһ£Ϊ߾֮Уеֻ֣һ̤˾ĸ֡
Ҳһ˾ֻ֣ǰ˾ڣĿǰΪҲ֡
˾߾֮߾˾ߣͬԪӤߣûκʤ㣬öµħ
һΣҪС£ɽ֮󣬰ǿ֮࣬ǰҲԶħʱܹһǿ磬ǱϾ
ΣζȻҪùһֻħɽֲĵطʹΣգζ̨Ҳܴȥ
ħɽ
֮ζ鹬һ˵ҪȥΣյĵطҲüͷһ壬ϴ˵Ҫȥɽն˼һ£ôתۣҪȥħɽΣյĵطˣ
Ȼɽ粻ãҲʲôط˵ǶˣһЩΪѾ̤˾ĸ֣ƽҪ֮£Ҳ̤ħɽ벽

ųת˵صϢϹпħɽһҡ
˴ͣһ£ϸ룬ż˵Щҹ֮ʱҹ۱ʣʱ֣ϴ֮ɽ¶֮ʱҲ֮󡭡
ζţһֽŵż棬һöӣħɽǡɽӿ֮䡭öӣпܺɽ¶ʱһʱض˵ֻòɽ֮͡ȻһҲֻҵƲ⣬ȥ˲֪
֮ζûʾȻҲǲҽħɽȪȣ죬ȥãֺξɽħɽֻǺ֣˫ǲŽ
ȻҲó룬˵£˵޷
һֻ̣ζüֱڣȻ֪ӦӦȫǰˡ
Ҳеĵǣָһ̨ͤˮΧһ磬˵֮£֪֪֪֪
գζɿüģ֪ɽ磬Ϊʲô𣿡
ŶĿ΢΢һ˵Ըꡣ
ζһߵ̨ͤߣųζ㣬˵ܶǰұ֮Уǿʢļ壬䣬ʲôǳʢ˥ģһλ棬Ȼ㵽֣֮ʶñ֮һѾݽˡ
˴ɽĿģҵһʵɽάҵ
һؿһ̣ȪȳʱֲҪԼ֮
ζֻһ
Ŷ
΢΢һ˵
˿ֻ̣ζ𽥱˵֪ǧǰĺ˻ĵˣΪϮʱҼΣҵһλ·ŮŻǿУʹѡ
Ŷ
˿̣ţûԭôĥѡ
ֻζ̾ʱһλž֮ˣĺ˻ģҲȻ
˴̧ͷЩѳɹˣҲС֪ЩˣǴһǽʳܶ飬δȥ
ΪνգҪ˵Щ
ζҡҡͷҪ˵ģЩ
ʲô
üһ֪˵ʲô
һֻζͤһȥųһ̣ɫǺȻʮˣһһٶǰҳһ֮š


1405 
ǰ֮ţһЩ˿֪飬ʵҵ飬֪Ҳࡣ

ζ˵ͷһ̣Ŀֽų˵츳ˣʱܹǺȴһЩ飬ˡ
˴֪ΪΣͻȻЩЦ˵ңϲѾǽ
ԣζһתһɲǣӵĿУɫ
ܿ죬˶Իָ˹ֻζת˹ȥųзĵˮ˵Ǹˣɴ
һЦǼʮǰαҵģǴ˿̣޲ֻˣʲô֡
ޡ
ζתֵֻ˳
ޡ
΢΢һ֣ͷһԹ棬˵ڵģպѰԶԸ
ζδشĻֻ֮£ֻһ˵𡭡
˼˵ģҲ֪κˣպ󣬴ǻѰΣѣһһ֮ʱҲ¶ݡ
仰ζüһ˼δȥԭ

׼ȥħɽһ£ǰнУģɶһҪ뿪ȻҲҪһ𣬴˴һȥ֪ҪãҲ̫İһ鹬
ߣɶϹħɽζӦɶȻܹӦ
ʮ޵ıԵɽ룬㵽ޡؽˡ
ʹĹɽ磬ֻɽһƬʮֹһ·ϣζһ·̽йϹħɽϢɶǣּСһıʱҲζˡ
ǰǳ޵ؽˡ
ζĵͼ˹ɽ磬࣬޵ͼĻ¿ν粽С
ҪõٵͼˣܻӲϾɽһΣطΣաɽѺۡ
ɽѺۣδ֪Σգһȥûԡ
˲ЩɽߣҪҲҪ߿ׯ߹ĵطǸгǳصģ˼˵ûΣգһܱɽѺ档
ţҲ졣
ǰƵһɽ壬΢΢˵ͷʱɶıЦ磬磬ҪȥƳô
š
ϵͷǰߵǰԶӦǱվˡ
ڹɽܶطרŵվȻЩվ˼վרɽЪϢĵط
ɽϴȥڤ˺طûпҪ˵ҲǡƺƳ˼壬ʻƺ֮ϵĳٶȷǳ֮졣
ȻԽƳ۸ȻҲԽߣ˴ţֻҪǮɲһɽܹ֮ܵġ
֮죬ССһ鹬㲻֪ж챦ǮֶԣѾûκ塣
ȻɽʹõġǮĽûκμֵҪģǡɽ񡱡

˱Ƴ˳ޣȻҲг޵Ҫϸ˵Ļ֮ޣ֪𲻱Ҫ鷳
γУǰнУҲϵ㲻ôģŪ˾֪ˡ
ڳ˼죬Ȩɽˮһ·ϣɶʼջÿɰζһ·̽йϹħɽ顣
һգһΪǡĵطǣӦɽ磬һˣȵ޼ЩɳǣҪöࡣ
һǣ֮࣬̽Ϲһ£ٺòɶⷱɳǣһʱҲʲôе治ѡ
էܲܵڽϴŸˣϹģֻã˶ë
쵽ĺɫʱ˼ջһöʳԭһ䡰󡱺һ¥
طǴ̽Ϣĺȥųơ֮£֪¥ųơ˹ͨ
ȻطҲһܹ֮ȥģ֮⣬ƴԭһӴļ
ֲһ֮ʱоһɰ˾Ϣ˳ǱȻС򣬷ôһǣ˳棬˲죿λڴ˴ǧ꣬˳˳ˮ
ЩԣҪմ̽ϹϢ뿪
ڶ죬飬ζȥȥǱ¥֮ʱڱŴϡ
¥ɲʲô¥ߣǺʮأ˿ĿǣһŮҡ߽ȥġ
ӴλСүǡ
ƹǸֵ꣬ƺټ߽ģΪߴضˣЦҪȥ¥Ļ
̽һ
֪¥İҲԣֱӰһöɫƷ˹̨ϡ
ƹһƷʱüЦԭͨĿ͹٣˵˵룬ȥ֮ߣǧĪҪߴˣȥظͨͲˣٺ١һ˵ţһЦһ˸ơ
Ҳԣطֹ֣ɭɭģô̽ߣǣɶʱƹæӴӴλүǲ֪¥Ĺ֣
أʲôأ
üһЩͷˣƹǣŵŮ˿Ц¥ֻһ˽ɲܽȥ
ô鷳
һܴɶȥüת˹̨ϵ񣬱ȥҲˣɶߡ
λүλүȵȰ
磬û¡
ɶҲǹɶ£קҡҡЦȥɣɶҲȥȥܡ
٣λථ¡
ƹЦ˹λүͷһٸİɣǴģ֪¥ʲôطµģǶǻûгҿţƺˣһë
ҾͲ¥
ͶȥƹЦݣһסһƬ̲ŻعЦúúãү˵ʲôǾʲôү߶롭
ԣḧ˸ɶӣ˵ɶҪܣҳ
ţİɣɶ˵ͷȥһԣɵˡ
š
Ҳ漴ȥˣȻŲͨţһ¥㣬źͨԲв㷨Ϊٸ֮ˣҲ޷ʶ͸
ȥ֮ƹЦɶȥ˵ʵڵģҲûôˮɰŮЦʵ磬ʲô˰
Ȼ¥ĹǲʿƹֻǾȤ˵¥ǲŰ壬Ҳ˭¡


1406 ҹ
ƹʻɶԵЦ
Ŷ
ƹ治µĿɰӣһʱҲ¥ĹأЦôʲô˰
š
ɶ룬Ȼءһָֻ̧֣ߣ˸ϻ˵Ķ
Ŷ
ƹɰӣ°ͣ˵硭ϻģ
ɶšҡҡͷַһءϻʱġȡӣƹ˴ǾȤЦ磬Ǳӱģ
Ǘ軣
ɶֻ֣һص֪𣿺ܾúܾǰиرµޣ׵ϴأǗ軣רųˣ۶ܲһܣ˸磬ԺҲˡ˵Ҹǲˣ
šǿ¼ˡƹ°ͷȻҲֻŮʱĻһЩ֮

ɶһЦһֻ߽껨èһ˹ȥèè
ʱǡĸ»ĹӾ˵УΪһһѰֽȣһö壬֮Ϸŵ̹⻪ȥΪ
˾ճ鹬Ľ¹ӣǴܹ鹬ٽ֮ƣ˳̲֮죬ȴû뵽·ɱһȫƻ
ӣ㿴
ʱԱһɫѵĹӣ¥èɶҲ֮˹ȥ
һٻȹŮһô꣬ɽ磬Ҳδ϶˵Сӡ
ţ
ǽ¹Щ䵭ɵ¥ɶʱ˵ʱһݣԱע⵽ɫ쳣ǰ¹Цӣ㿴СѾͷˣ
̤ЬٴõúܣȻ
һɲǣ¹ӵøӺˣԱˣҲĪеһ󵨺ö˶˵һСŮôˣɱ
ӡȵȣ
¥ȥˣˣҲȥ
¥ƹ߽ɲһæЦӴӴӴƽʲô磬λүˣүþò߶룡
ԭ¹ӵݿɲˣǷҵĴӷأңʵжǿûм˲֪
ӣҲʲôС࣬µĹӣǷƽ֮ӣ½ӡ
ɫµĹӣ֮ӣֹӡ
ɫµĹӣǲȹ֮ӣιӡ
ˣ˵ǡ١Ҳ˷ԣ֮ԶԲǧ˸ȥǡ
ʱ½ӡֹӡιˣĿбӵضɶϣϻ¶ааЦݡ
ɶЩ£ŻèˣƹȻҲóæ֣ɶȥЦλү֪
˵꣬رϵ˵ϻġ
һŴԣƹֲĸоæЦү⡭ƺЩϹذ
һ飬ǲ档
һɲǣصøӿˣŵƹʱ¥ҲȻߡ
Щߵĵоǳһ֮˾ǷҴӺҲһ㶣Ϊ֮үǡ
ȥĿ⣺ûǵ£
Щ˵ʱŵò¥Ȼ󣬿ٴ󣬻ܱǵӸ
ƹ亹乣ʱǿæ¥Щ˵˵ɫʱЩ˷˻¥ϡ
ٺ٣ү
ƹֻعͷЦ˹ϻδ˵꣬һֶסǰֵӣٵ˿УΪʲô㲻ͨһ
ү
ƹ񱻶סǵͨ죬æү֪ģⲻϹذʲôˣ¥Ƕ뱣ܡ
֪֪ʲôˡ
ϵɱһ±øˣǷҵĴӣүүǵһ֮ȴûм̳зҴͳʸ񣬻ǼõܣǶô̵һ£
ͶǿҪһΪ֮򣬵Ϊ֮ʱļ϶˭ҷ
Σ㾡ȫľѪȴû뵽󹦿һ񣬷ʧأ֮󣬱ۣЩƽͷ̧֧Ȼڱ䳰ȷ
Ǹһˣ˳鹬ٽȨƣƽڵ
Ȼ󣬽һ̲֮죬ټ̳зҴͳһСȫǸһ
ӴΪЦԶȥޣȴ˴˸仨ˮβޣǺ޲ý֮ˣΪƬ


1407 ɱ
ү˵
ƹ񱻾ڿУŵɷףʱںӣλƲ
Ȼ֪ǰ÷ʧһ£˵Ǹһˣ֮ˣ˿Ůĸˣɡ
ʱµĶιȥڷض˼䣬һݣƹȥĿȴɶϡ
ƹʱ֪ҪȥסɶϷһ顱һһ½ˡ
ߡ
䣬ԣת¥ȥˣɶһ˫ֽӡʩ϶һȻ˹һ±ϣ˹ȥ
ٺ٣߰ɣ
ιһЦȵġ˵ǧƳɣҲܸˣɶѧһЩ򵥷ÿ
ǡǷſҡ
үүʹãʹð
ƹæ׷˳ȥȻȴֻ˾ͷޣﳾȥգ۱ʧӰ

¥һ֮УЩ谵ҵ봦һʯ̨ʯ̨ϥһӰźۣԵصģģ
ǰħۡѪΪϹħɽսҹԲ֪٣ϹҲ˴ս֮飬ֻһöӣ֪ںδ
ʱʯ̨ϵĺˣǰйϹĴ˵˵
ħۣѪǰ
ɫ΢΢һ벻ǰķЩǰǿߣĪǶѾ
ԡ
һɲǣȻʲô֮ǰöµħʱһӼԶ֮ضʶһ˲š
һΣ㲻óµħˣϾ£ǰʲôˣ»ħۡѪɱȡ
УԴ˿ǻʣ
ʱʯ̨ϵĺˣٴοʵѯ֪ħۺѪ֮ʱͻȻ֮䣬ȴǸӦʲô
ɶ
һɲǣӦɶΣգԣһ˲䣬ȥˡ
¥ƹߴѶһӰɳѾ׷˶ȥˡ
ʱڷֻͷ޾ۣ㼲ýϵ˷׷׶ܣҳײ
һͷ޺棬ȻһѪŮ˶Ŵˣ⣬Ǹʲô
ոչȥģǷҴӣвȵĹӰɣ
ͷԶȥ󣬽ϵ˷ž긦ȴֲ֪˺£һϳĳѪ˸ǴĿġ
˾һŮߣǶٶô죬²ҪҪڳֳɡ
ɽɱϣѲֻ֣Ĺ涨˭ҲڳֳǷҵҲ⣬ҹȴôˣ
ٺ٣ûдô
ʱɶˣǲȵĶιӣЦһֽƽڵ½ȥ½ӽסһѻѪŮקһ·ǰ
㣡
½ֽӸŵֹӣ˱ȥɶں棬ѱϵûѪ죬ǽϵ˼ˣҲĿģŵɫɷףˣҪɱˣһɱ˱ǣҲĥúá
Ϊ׵ķأʼɫĮŶޣֱǵġͷ̨ȥ
ͷ̷̨֮أأκȥˣҲӵȻ뽫ȥͷ̨ȻĽƣƷ
磬硭
˿̣ɶڶ޺棬һϢصѪĿģ˾ȻڷЦǺԿԣɼЩƽҲżȨƣݽˡ
ڣͷ̨ˣҲ׷ɶȫѪڵϵһĻʱĿѣħģձǷʬѪȾ˳ǡҲҪȡ
ӡ׷ˣ
ǰ棬˲˺ͻȻɱڻµһ˲䣬ʮâնʱѪҽͷޣһ˲䱻նȥȣҷ˳ȥ
һĻѸҲŵˣνġͷ̨ǰ治Զһ죬סɶĺһԾ˶ͷ̨ȥǰһԡ
æ˹ȥʱҲѾ̨ϣɶʱһϢӣжʱһǧд
֪ЩΪҪ˺ɶֻô棬µһŮѡ
硭ɶ¡¡
ʱ˿̣ɶ۾ҲˣϢʮһɲǣ͸ĺɱȻԶ̨µˣʱҲеĪһϡ
ſһĸʹһЩ
κһ˿飬һ˿˿ѪǾȻʵɱ
Զˣһ̶ŵס˺Ȼϵǫ́ϵ˭Ҳ˸ղ˵Ϊȫɱֵİ׷֮˭շǣֻҪˣ


1408 ɱ
㳡֮ϣձ䣬½ӡֹӡιˣʱĿЩӵ˴˶һۺ󣬶غȥ
Ȼɫңصԣٶȿ죬ҵٶȿ졭һ˵꣬һֻҲɶͷϡ
˵ſ
һɲǣϵɱˣȫں֮ƣҲƲһƣ˫۸𽥱Ѫ£·Ԩһֻһۣ׹ĸо

ߣԶȥʱԶĻڸˣԼмˣΪ׵һ۵Ľ
лӸˣ½֡˷һЩֻιӼ˽ǣͼı죬ħԨļϸٽ£
Ǻ۽һȥһʵĺںɱҲһصɱæٱӣ
ҴӽҪиôҲѲ˸ϵһ£ʱмʮ߳طȥ䱣
һЦĿȻϣô㻹Ҷ˵գһ䣬˻Уͼı죬̽£
µһ˲䣬һԭʧˣٳʱǰһ̫죬Ȼмʮ߻ڷңҲȻļ˳ȥ
ֻ˫Ѫ죬һƱ㳯ȥȻֻаɲľʱԷŵöһ̹顱һϡ
ۣ
һҲ̫죬̹ؿڣȻ׻ҲһѪȻһλ˾ǿߵķ
ǣҲֻͣһâˣǰ˾ǿߵķҲ赲ʱɱģһƣȻƲɵسȥ
ӣ
Ǻ۽ʱľѣȻҪȥԮȴѾˡ
Ҳһ˲䷴Ӧ˹үү壬ҲһˣѾүү˾֮ˣʱȴȻǺεȿ£
ϧʶǵһ֮ʱѾˡ
飡
һؾ죬ΪܳסһƣԴڻδԵ֮ʱѾֱˣԪ֪Ƿѣ˲
ӡ
ز£½֡˾ŵûɢͷӬһֻʵԶȥ
ʱ£˲仯뷢׵ߣǷҵĸ֣ҲҸָˡ
ǰ
ʱ̨ϣ½֡ץסһæ㵽ȥ
󣬴ӡ
ѪĴӣ߶ʱɫһףʹͷѾѣĿȫǣбˣϵó
磬硭
˿̣ɶץֱۣҡͷ磬ɶۣһҲۣߣ˺òã粻Ҫɱˣɶ¡硭
ɶ
Ŵʱ˵ɶģһɲǣжһԹ֮ʱɱǡʬħԹ֮
Сӡ侲
һ˲䣬ʬħģħһɽ˷ʬħǺǵ治ˣʱȥһСӣ侲ɱ˲򵥣÷Ϲ֮ǰߣ
磬硭˺òá
ɶȻʱħģԺ棬һĻһĻȫǸղɶڶ޺ĳɱˣħ

һֻˣħһ㣬һͷ׷Ҳб֮ƣ۹½Ҳ𽥱Ѫ죡
ǰǰң
ۼὣ˹½֡ŵĵѣϾ״ǶɸλҲӦ˹һµˡҪף
Ȼ£һն䡱һֱӽնԱҲ˳ȥʱŵɫǡӽ˾ˣ
ۼҳҲǣ½֡˶ʱңƽڵ½Ӹԥ˲һѷɽȻδȥһնȥ͡һոշɵеһ롣
ŵֹľȥȻδӳʮɾ룬۹½һɹȥֱն׼
ʣ²ȵĶιΪԸߣǰע⣬ʱѾɹӳɾ룬ɻϲ֮ʱͷ֮һѪɫӡٿȻ£䡱һ˲佫һƬѪ
ɱ˷ҴӺĿ֮£ɱλӣˣ޲ľ˵ʲôڷɱˣӳȥˡ
˵ӲȥӳȥˣҲԷҺֹ׷ɱ


1409 ɱѪ·
̼䣬˷ѾߣЩ඼ǷҵһĻҲ޲ľô꣬ǻδ飬æرܣ̯鷳
ʵв˶˷ҴӺĲбоǷǣȨ죬Ӵк˲Ҫˣȥָϣ
ֻҲû뵽˸ڷǣѷҴӸɱˡ
磬硭˺òá
ɶ۾岻סʱģ絶ʹɱˣΣ
ɶԲ𡭡գһᣬָһʱɶʶ˯ȥ
ɶѾ̫˺̫ӰǽһĻΡҲ
Сӡʲô
һɲǣħҲԤвӷ쵽ɽ磬Ѿ˽ˣ˵һССãӵĶӣһۣҲһ
շС۾Ϲˣ˭ãƫƫҪ˺˭ãƫƫҪ˺ԼҪ֮ˡ
޵ûа˾ΪΪַֻܹ첻ɣԹħȥһСӣҪ嶯뿪˵
ҵ뿪㿴Ҫ뿪𡭡
һ̣ͳЩ£˫Ҳ𽥱Ѫ죬ͷ̨Լǹ㳡棬ѾΧҪ׽ߡ
֮⣬ϻ̧ͷȥֻ֣Ȼ޵κҲӣ

һ佣Х۹½֣ȻԴʱ˷ǿУϢҲص㳡Ǿȡյ
ͳһɱʱһĹˣһ̣ûһ˸ǰ׽
ܿ죬˼ҵߣͷ̨ѪһĻ˾ɫɷף´ˣɱۣ
һ£ڣ⸽߶ֽȥ֪Уս֮ϣ·
ʱɱʢΧ˳ָһ˿أɾ棬һնһЩѰߣܳܵ۹½˲䣬㻯һƬѪ

Ȼɱֱۣɶֵ۹ȾѪһһȫȻƴɱһ㣬֮䣬ͷ̨ʬأѪɺӣ
¡
һ죬ϵĽһ׳ƺޣ⸽գҲ˺ˡ
ὣ࿹䡱һͷ̨ʱмķѣղűİ˾֮ˣʱӲһףʱһѪӿ˳
ɱ
ʱ˴ˣԶҵһ£Χʱֳ˲ߡ
ЩǷҵĸ֣Ϊ㲻ϵǷ켫ȴͬСɣʱ콣ҲСֻһ·ǿɱȥ̶Ƭ̣׻ް
ͷ̨żĽƣ˶ΧһʱƬ̣ҪͻΧȥҲһ
Ѫɺӣȴв߳ɱɱۣлżѣ֪⸽ʮҳߣһ߷ʩɱһڵȴԮ֣ȳȥʮˡ
˼⼰ˣԥһ㳯ǱնȥǼ߼ɱ˹һæܣȻվûӵһ֮£ֱӻѪ
һĻʣµķҳ߾ŵɫǳ߾Ϊֵסһаʽ
Ҫɱҡȿж˸ɱ
նɱҵĳߺɱ˲ֳķҳ׷ɱȥ
̶Ƭ̼䣬߰˸ҳĽ£һĻЩ߽ԿĿ࣬ƽʱ򣬶˸Ƿҵˣաŷҵնɱ
ԽݸߵģԽɱùϣ˷·ɱһ㣬ֲ̫ˣǴˣҽգϸдһ٣
ݽ棬ҽգҲǳոζ
ɱĴһһʱһͽ־ܣ
£Զʱмһ࣬һһϣ˲仯Ӱ
˲ɷ˵Աһն˹ƾأ¾뼫ԶˣȻеһϣȻˣ߾Ϊ
䣡䣡䣡
ͷ̨֮£˲ҷ𣬶Ҳ˵ĽһѪӿ󵹷˳ȥ
Ȼɶ䶨֮ĵӰɲǼĵӰӡ½塢ɽԪࡣ
⡭
ͻȻֵĵֲӰΧ˽һ¸ոϹķ߾ϣʱĿҲ͸΢΢ɫ
꣬ɱ֮ˣԽļ֮䣬̫ʱʧĽֶΣ˵ʲôˣ

мͻȻ¶ɫȻʱȾѪɱ쳬ȻˣʱҲһϳˣǵգ棬֮ˣ
ԭ㡭
һɲǣȻҲϳˣ˱ǵ죬⣬֮ˡ
˵Ϊһһ£оĹó䲻⣬ôҲ˵ˡ
Ŵ˵ͻȻ֣һ̣ôˡ


1410 һǧ
ߣǷϣΪˣԵգع鹬һ£ò
ϣϵôˣ
Ա߾ȥʱĿ⣬ͣϣ֮£Ѿ֪ԭˣǶѾҪˣ̫¹ϣ֮ȥձΪ󻼣
ɱ
һɲǣϵϣɱ֮ˣҲǷ֪֮ˣֻʱѾ￴ˡǹɱ
˾ã
ԱߣһԣҲ΢΢һ˽ɱôˣӶˣΣҲӦܣȻɼǡˣ̫Σգܣ
˼⼰ˣҲԥչͨ˫˫ȥҲ̤߾ֻڳڰˣԶԶȲ߾ڵΪˣ߾֮Ѱ
ɱңƾǡ
һ̧۹½һХʱһɽâ˳ȥ

һ죬ǺȫԪ֣һ죬߽ۣһâ˺֮£ĵ۹һײʱȫһ𣬲һΪİ˾֮ˣ
ڶ˾֮ʣ˲һâָһ͵سüĵȥ
һָɱޣһɱ
һ˲䣬ָͬһһָָײ顱һԶ֮޲Ϊ֮һˣͬʱһɾԼվȡ
⡱ȥ֮߾֮һ𣬺ʱһѪӿֻһ죬۹½Ҳ˻ǰ
ϣ
߼ղΪ۹½裬Խˣһܴǲǰ
ġ
һƣʱȴǱ־裬˿⣬ӥĿ⣬һڴʱ˵ϣͬʱԱ߶˴ȥĪҪСˣĹʮֹ죬ԽԽǿǴ˾һҪشǣ⣬ǧܴ⡭
ŴԣԱٴһٿˣɴʱϵϢķԽԽˡ
֪ڣ飬˾˼֮־ͨͬʱҲڡԽǴھʽԽ죡
Ԫŵħһսħ˴Ȼħ桰ӡȴƾ˹һս֣󾹾ɱȻҲ˲֪١
һ̣ȻתϵĺںɱʱøˣϢ˸еϢ
ԶЩ޲һɫɷףĵʲô֮֮䣬Ϣȴøǿˣ
˼Ʋԣ˲ֹȥһ죬۹½ȻѪ죬һϺ˾ܽ𣬸󵹷˳ȥΨΪֽӡԷ洫һȻĽֿһ
Ϻ˵ɳȥɫһ䣬Ȼԣ˾ԽǾԽǿ
ʱҲҴ⣬Ѹټɽһһң߷ȥ
أ
˹ȥʱȴͻȻе˰ӿһΣЩɳȥ
һֻ̣һɫߣԶЩķɽֵ档
ǡ
߾һȻܹܵʮϴȥ켫ڵڰʮһյʮʱɽȫֵ档
뷣
Ͽһ߳ȣ˫ֽӡǰУһѽâ޽ֻǽӡ˷ģӡҴܣһɻ֮ϳѹȥ
ɿֲ˲⸽ĵѿˣһʱ䣬ʯɣԶЩߣ޲еһϢ
ۼ϶þͨˣϺ߾ҲԥͬģΪ£ʱһϺâɴܡ

ͬ˫ֽӡһϺâɰɾ޽͵سѹȥ
߾ͨ޽Ȼʮһ̾ҲƲѺһ㣬С
ԶЩ߼һĻһҲ޵еĴڣ
ת˲֮䣬ЩҲٴɽնȥʮˣˡѲ֪жˣһһһ㲻ϳѹȥ
˶ĸ֣⸽գŤƿҪ˺һ㣬߾ľȻû뵽Ըһˣ˷˶ĸ֣
ǽҲڼʶˣҵĵ̾жһ˵ЩڱչصĳϣѾ̤˾ķҼЩ÷ԲǧΪ֮һˣ
ˡɣ
ҲѽԪޣκδʱôˣȻ޷ǰˣ
˾жֲ
һ̣ڸܵһ˿Ŀ־壬ֿ־壬ļӣ޾ĳҹһһ


1411 
ʱ˿̣Ǽᶨɱ˵ľģѾҪ˲ɱһѣ룡
ڣô֮Ҳ޷ɱѵǵ𣿵ʱڱչھžһʱţֻǹһ񣬸÷ɣΪˣ
ʱѾܹµˣҲˣôܻӦ֮Գٳٲضǹؼʱڲܳɱ֮룿
뵽˴иһڵĵĲֹǰˣļ֮£ʧܣΪˣ
ӵڰ˾˻߾ǶԷҶԣĴһ˾ߣһĶˡ
¡¡
ʱϺȻܲĵӰֵĽƣʱ£ܵĽȴԽԽͣڷԲʮ֮ڣѾˡ
ɱˣ
һ˲䣬һᣬҧ⣬һھѪǲϧѪԪΪԸ
߾߼״һɴʱҲѾ˲ôˣֻҧ⣬һھѪ˲仯һѪɫӡʹԭâõĽһ¾Ѫɫɭɭ
Χ߼λѾѪԪʱҲ׷Ч£һ£ԭӲӵĽͻȻѪɭȻԶЩ߿һĻ޲ǺȻľ
ֻеϮֻһ˶ѣҪôѪԪԸ

һ̣ĵ۹½ϲϷĽХ֮Ȼ򽣳ĵ۹£ʱ˿̣Ҳ˷ǵضѪɫ

ս֮ʱЦͻȻӹ㳡봫ڳˣһһ˲䣬·¿˾ǵı˰ڤڤȪ֮һɵ֮⣬Ȼ
ֻͷϳ˹Цһͷ׷ȾѪɢȥһΪĸо
߾߽Ըеһϣϣû뵽ʱȻɵЦ

ͻȻ֮䣬ֻһ۹´˵漴һƳ£䡱һΪĵķԲʮɣ˲ѣ
һƥʻμΧߣѪ˳ȥߣֱӱΪһƬѪ
ۣ
߾֣Ѫ󵹷˳ȥϣܴء
罥Ъֹ̳ҲɢȥԶ޲ľսղһ£Ҹ˵ˣλ߾ϣش
Ǳҡ
ͳ̳ﴫģģ̳Ӱһȴľѡ
ڣ̳ȫɢȥˣ˿̵ʱ֮ˣ޲һ׹Ԩ
ֻȫħ֮ƣüĸǳһһһӡǡ
ǡǣ
üĳֵħӡʱڳ֮ˣ޲һһΣһʲôˡǲħӡҲӡһħӡ
ħ֮
һ𣬹ֲ˿ֲ벻һϣһħ֮⵽ʲôˣ
Ҳ
䣬Ȼ˺۵ɶȴͻȻһնȥһɲǣɽͻȻʵһ͵سնȥ

һ죬˫ֵնһȴһ˲䣬۶ڱǣѪȸһ˵
ϣ
߾߽һҲ룬һ˲˹ȥϵֲֵһȻһҲԳܴ˿̵ħ֮
̣֮ƽյݡˣ
һ桰ءѿ˶ʱһѪӿ۶ڱǣѪ
һĻΧ˾ŵûɢԶЩߣǸס˺߾ߣ޷ܡħ֮Ȼֲ
Ҳ̤߾ֱ۰˾֮ˣλϣѱѣվ㲻ҲضԪشΪˣ
뵽˴޲һ˵Ǻηʥ˱£ֲøɱ˶ˡ
磬硭
ʱɶȻһ߽ɱľһɶҲһ±ࣺɶ
硭ɶʶģһֻ߽˯˹ȥ
̧ͷҵĳϣ䳹ǣǵĴѾˣǼȻôҲȥɣ
ڻµһ˲䣬Ǳߣм⼸ͬСɣ䣬ɱ˵ĽòȥֵǼٿȻĽ⡣

ǼʧˣҲЩϵħ֮Ҳˡ
˹أԪҲݽߣ˿֧Ųסˣǿһնɱ߾ߣҲڴˣͬھҪɶ뿪

ħ֮ɢڸеһתеĵ۹½Ҳòסˡ
ˣ
ڣԶҲˣĲ״Щոķ֮޲¶֮ɫ
ʱҳϸԥ֮ʣ˲ɽնɱȥ־ȡһ˿أ
ǧһ֮ʣԶһ׹ȻҳǸܵɲϢɻûȿ壬һ׹⣬˲Ĺ㳡ϣտһˡ


1412 ֮
׷
ܿ죬ҵֺǼλոĳ϶׷ȥɶԷٶʵ̫죬ȻѾ޵أǾЩϡ
̨֮ϣζƮƮأȴûκһƣܹ޹̨¡
Ϲ޹̨ҶһѳĽɼ궫ɾѰ¯ˡ
Ԧ̨ܹħħ֮룬˿ƣ
ߣЩ׷ˣλȴʩ׷һŮӺ󣬼˽΢΢һ˾һ˲ǰ˾ߣ
λӣ˷£
߼λҳϸζ˫ޣȻһʤɽﲻˣǼ˳һӣΪ
£
鼱֮£ǼϸԼɽԪϣݡ˲Ӹζնȥ
⼸λ˵ҲΪ⼸ǵУȻζ޹̨ҲδܹȻοʱѾˣܳסǼ
Ǽɽâն֮ʱֻζһɨģȻɡ
µһ˲䣬޹̨ȻӰ顱죬նļѷɽ˻ȥ
æ֮䣬ǼҳѸٱܿķɽ޲һĵţ˲
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ʱ״ףȴǼҳϵķɽöˡ
ζ磬һɨ̨ʱǰӰһӰ£ֻӰ棬˿˲
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ʱδָЩζʵһҲԾԷ鹬ʱоˣζһҲѾ̤ʥ֮ˡ
ζ̤ģҲѰʥ̤֮ħ֮ζ̤ģ֮
ʱϹգ˼ǧѣҲѾ̤ʥ֮˰ɣ̤ģʲô
˿̣ζղʱȻǳвҲ̶õһĻҲǿֲӣһɲǣֻˣȪȣʱĳ
ħ㿴ΪΪħ
±޵֮ˣȴָΪħԦϧˡ
㻹ûסﱾԴ򷨽Ȼ֪Ϊ޹޹ߣΪа󣬼ȲΪаֺħִڵħһħ½֪֮Ϊ˹ѡڶɾѧҲֻƤë
ĳһĻĻֱ֣ʱζ׹ִ̫ڵħ֣֮˷谭С
ħֺħ󣿶һַǵħĴھ
˼䣬ǰһ֮ӿԭǵ˱Ÿ⸽յڴ˵Ⱥ򣬴ʱ̨ʱɽͼ̨
ֻϧƾЩ΢ĩĳŻζӿ֮ʱֻһɨǧӰ˲˹ȥ
ͣ£
ٸ߼״ƣɽն˹ȥһ̫ǵķɽ֮ʱζ̨ѷ˳ȥ
׷
Ǽϸ׷˳ǣ˺һ󣬷Щֲţǵٶ̫ˣ׷ζ̨ܡ
⸽ۼ˲ߣ۽֮£ͷ̨Ǳߣ̫˿¿ºܿᴫޡ

ҹʱζѾҵַΧʱһɽ棬ҹϰϰӰ涣ž˯ɶϵ˺ۣһһʧ
˼ҲкܶóԵ𣿸ʲôʱȥ
ɶһʱ̳ɵĴϣǴЦɵģ˵
ɶ
ʱɵɵЦݣ·ʲôҲûзһĸǱݺݾһ¡Լɾģȴ˴˺
Ϲ飬ϵˣ֮ڱʧκκۼ
ʱζɽ˽û˵ḧɶϣָᴥţʧ˿ڡ
̫嶯ˣҺǸ˾ڱչңߵζٴοڵ
ء
عͷһۣ˵
ζʱĿ⣬βãɫξɽȿȥܵ˺ҴŻһ
˵תͷɶغ¶ɵɵЦ


1413 
Σζתһۣʵ
ް
һվߵڱϣӭɽ´磬¹µİ׷
ձİ˾֮ˣֳߵĹϵĽƣȻʱȥûһ
ζҲԸоȣʵ壬ָ֮졣
Ȼ֪ħٺһ˵ɱȵģ
ȻȲöǵȲħ֮ҲǰħˣʹЩ޳ˣҲûħǿһ߾ߣǰ˾֮£ֻǵķˣֻ˶ѡ
ͬʱ棬ĸҲֻǸ֮ʱЩһ֮Ҳ㲻ʲô
űǷүүҲ벻һ˾֮ϣһʱ䲻Էͻָˡ
ҳȥɽɣҲҪȥˡ£ζһ˵ţһԾɽ¶ȥ

ʱ䣬ɽ棬ʱɶϵ˺Ѿȫʧˣûκκۼֻǻδ
ԱߣÿÿڷǵһĻǱݺݾһ£ϵ˺ʧˣɵˣҪòʧ
ʲôʱȥ˼ѽ
˯֮Уɶ˵λḧ˸ӣ˵ɶˣ˼䡣
Ǿô˵ˣƭˡ
ʱһΣѾʹˣ˵ͷţƭˡ
ɶδһϲı˼ˣˣδ뻹ûδˣ˼䣬Ǹ
ʱ棬ζѾˣɽһĻ벻˱һˣҲˮһ棬ۿ˭š
ǵ뵽һ£ζֲü˵˫һͳħɵΪУĻΪ˿еħ֮ô
һ磬ζƮƮ˶ڼ䣬תͷȥʱɫصӣѾµˡ
ڷǣɱ˷ôˣԷװأǸ˾ϹѾ˰ɡ
ζɱĸˣͷǸǷҴӣֱǷƽڡš
Ŷ
ԣ˳ȥ˵ۣȻЩӵܡ
ζڷƽвȹȥ˷ңҪ鷳ˡ
鷳
ԶɽӰأһɲǣֱ̣Ҳƽݣ޼ɣһûȥˣǻҵ鷳
ζã£Ҳûоˡ
ô
˹ɽ࣬ɽĹ˵ҲЩ˽⣬ű˼ţ˿ɱǿˡ
мϼһ˼ǧ꣬Ϊɲ⣬ʵ֮ǰһֱɣɽն˼£ضйأζҪټȥˣ
оŮۣʵϸ˵Ҳǹ˵ˣڹ˾һ˵ȨֻƽִһٲҲ෸
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⣬һ鵽££ܾЩ鷳ˡ
ζ˿˵ڳޣҪ˵Ҳ㲻϶ôǿ֪Ϊܹ˺޼𣿡
Σ
˵Ҳµˣиɽ
Ȼֻζλ棬һǧǰǷĵӡ
桭
Щû뵽֮ǰߵʱ˵ʮǧĪҪˣڻûޣӾȽˡ
˼ζֵҲ̫ģƷˣڴ֮ǰ׳ģֻɱ˷أڱضưոݣҲ㣬ãضȥ˼鷳
š
ʵҲڷǣѾ¶Ҳضȥ޵֮鷳
޺ޣֿĴޣ޵ȥ޴ɱ䣬սˣҲ̫ģǷĵ˺޼ɵĵزҲ̫
ζڣǽȥħɽǻ˼䡣
ػȥ
Ȼڻ˼䣬ֻңǷڳ޿Ժߣȥޣ±ҲƵ˺֮죬̫ġ
á
ζҲٶˣ֮ɶˣһ㱧ţǰʧ棬ÿɰ·Ѿˡ
ԽˣԽܣ飬ôأΣҲҪˡ
ҪȥħɽǱؾ֮·ɽһΣɽﵽɽѺۣ߾ߵģҪȻֱƿˣȻƿôֻСĽһЩ
ʱֹȥգ˻δޣʱ֮һɽ֮ϣֻɽ۴վӰһͦΣ뷢ףȴһּ֮С
ֻһۣĪҲӵϢУ˲Ǳˣǵ֮ڣа˾Ϊʮ˵á
Ѿվ˰ʱˣӭȴִż˵
ãżڵ򣬱ǳضǰõģ֪Ҷֻ֪֤Լûд
󣬷һҲı۾ʱΨһĶֻ´ĺӣҲǷء
ЩѷصΨһ⣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ضȻôҪүүգͰ㡭
ۣһɲǣü£ͫҲϹŽӰӡ
Աߵ߻һɫɷ׵㣬㡭Ҫ⣬пܻᾪ˵ģʱ򡭡
˵
ѻ˵꣬ڱˣʲôҷһ˳е


1414 

ʱӣһ֪ڼԣжҪտΣҲȰ˵ˣ򣬶Ҳ޹֮˰
ضүүһ㱨ġ
ϵ飬ԽԽ£κһ˿
£ֻ˫һ̧ʼ˷ʱ׷ϮԼԼз˵Ծ֮϶
ԭƵգһƻһȫյûƲ㣬һɳȵϢǵض
⡭
һĻԱߵĿɫҲһϵļˣѵõǣӵлѪȻ˶ӵдĻѪУҲһ޷ѡ
Ƿȴһ֮ʱڵĻѪѾѣǼΪġѪڴ֮ǰҽһλйѪ
Ѿ̤ڰ˾Եڰ˾ܹͨȻҲ˲仯Ϊ𺣣
˲𡭡
ĻƣԱߵȻɫɷףҲ֪ôҲȰ˵ˣһ£ǲ֪ҪˡͿ̿
𡭡٣
ϣ˫һţ֮У׹֮䣬㽫⸽𺣣

֮󣬲ֻɣʱһɹֻʮµŵڲҩһòӢӣһ毺õŮӡ
ʦ˵ʦ٣ʲôأʱȥмЩϡŹֵСоˡ
㰡ƽúʦ˼ұˡ
Ůӱһ£Եǣóһ¡
ߣвúùˡ
Ůһǿɰһ˵ţһ̧䣬Ӳ˲ͷϵĺˮ
ôͻȻˣ֡ȵȣʲôʦ磬㿴棡
ô£ǡ
ֻϣͻȻл׹ʮʦܣҲ쳣ɲȷӦһ䵽䡱һֱӽĸ˲Ϊ˻ҽ
䣡䣡䣡
̶һ˲䣬˷Ӧǻ׹䣬ЩŵЩУֵܵסȿֲ
ߣ
ӴµĵɽȥȻ˷춼ǻӣ
ȥɽɽ
֮䣬ɥŮ˶ڿԶһɽʱһʹԪþȫһƽŮɽȥʦáߣ
ʦ硭Ҫ
Ů˻һ˲䣬ۿǵʦϣһ˲䣬㽫Ϊ˻ҽ
ʦ硭ʦ磡

Ǻǣʦܣˣһ壬Ҫʱ壬ҿַǵµȥ
ĪĪϸ롭
һСͤϺڰ״䣬λ׷ߣӶԾ֣Ȼ֮䣬ϵӶͤҲҡ
ô¡ʦܣ㿴ߣ
ǡˣ
˲˳ȥȻ棬֮˻𺣣˵ˣЩ̨ͤ¥󣬹ڻ֮УΪ˻ҽ
ɽ󷨣
һڳϼæ򿪻ɽȻ˶棬棬ɽͷ˲䱻ݻˣҲһƬ𺣣ֲ

˵ҪȥûˣڵץˣҪٱץȥǵĥˡ
Ժ󣬾ҲȥˣԺﵱˣһ죬ҲͻƵǸ硭
šȵȣϡǣ
Сģ
䣡䣡䣡
ʦ֡ʦ֣
ʦܡ߰

ʦ֡ʦģ

ӡҵĺӡ

䡪
׹䣬һǧ˵Ĵǣ֮䣬Ϊ𺣣֮ˣ˲

鹬Ǹֲ̿ѣֻ׹䣬Ƭ֮䣬鹬Ǳ˻һ
鹬һϹ󷨣󷨱ϣ𣬾ֵ棬ȴ֪ܹŵʱ
ô¡
ӹ˳ڵӼϾһһŮӼ֪ղǻϾͻȻ𡭡
Ƶأ
˿ֲ𣬼ʱ鹬й󱣻Ҳ𽥱Щѿˣ𣬷ԲƬ̼Ϊ˻𺣣ô£


1415 Ϳ̿
˶˾ͨ
˻֮ʱһӰ˹㳡ϣƵˡ
鹬Ϊߣʱ˶˹üʵʲô˼˵һЩ
˿ֻ̣ƵָʲôüͷԽԽǰӷǵ飬ȻѾ֪ˣʱ٣Ҳµôˡ
Ƭֻ̧̺ͷ̰ˣ鹬ȫ󷨡
ȫ
һ£ȥȫ󷨣Ҫĺܶһľ޷֧Ź鹬һ˲ͻҷˣ
Ƶüˣ죡ҸոոӦˣѾˣ̣ᵽ
ˣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱҲ˲ôˣ̷Ըȥ鹬ȫ󷨡
Ƭ֮鹬ĻͣˣԶȴһɼǿϢϹ󷨣鹬ƶһ̲
ˡ
ƵϢķڣӰ֣ԽԽ鹬ǰ棬Ϊ衣
һ̣鹬ĵӶס˺ڴʱɰ˾Ϣ£߾ΪƵ˶еϢοЩأ˼ǴˣǿԷǱ
˾߾֮ȻֻһһȴѰһ
˵̤߾֮ǻȹʥ֮ô˾ǳ̫ʥ֮ˣǵ˾žǺ绽꣬ɱˡ
ʱ鹬ˣа˾Ϊǰ˾ڵΪǿϢѹ֮£ܲ
ʱƵǿǰ˼еķڹ˹֣鹬֪ǰɼݴ˴к£
ǰƬ鹬Ѱ֮˻ܲһͷˣﰵһʮֲѰ
ʱȴû˼ȥʲôпģֻһĺ塣
񿴼Ŀɱһյ龰ȫͬһգֻ빥ռ鹬˿ˣﳹ׻ҷ𡭡
˿̣ҲЩˣǰǰ֪ǰˣν¡ѻ˵꣬һ䣺󷨡
Ŵԣ鹬˽Բһ£Ǳɫɷף֪鹬οǰǰ˵һЩҵҲá
һΣͬѻ˵ֻ꣬һ䣺ȻˣǱϷԶ֣ȽһҲӣ
£һ˾֮ӿȥ¡һʱ鹬һؽƷ͹ҲΪԡ
˾ǿߣ˿ֲ鹬˾ʧ룬һλ˾ǿǰ졣
ߣ
һߣһӿȥ¡һһøˣȻվȣǼ㵭ɫϣѺۡ
ˡ
ɫɷף˾ǿߵ󣬾Ϲ󷨣ֵס

ߵǸҲЩ΢΢ף֪ߺ˭ҲƽԽղǨŭ޹֮ˣ鹬Ҳûһܹ
¡¡
ڷڰ˾֮Ϻ֮£鹬ϣȻ㣬ʣһ㣬ҲѾѺۡ
ǰס֣
ʱ鹬棬һڵŵþʧ룬򶨣ʱҲȫóǰ֮ɱжأô˵鹬һܻ
ȻҲܲµǰ˭ˣϾǰЩɱһ£Щ촫ɽ綼Ѿ֪ˡ
Щ˸֪飬ҪȻ
ǷҪȰ˵ʲôϷںȻȥĿ⣬ʱһһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ɱ˳ضգұ鹬ᣡ
£Ҫɱ鹬ˣҪЩ˵Ļǣȫȥ
ֻһ̧϶Ȼһǧ𣬻ͻҫأ
һ̣鹬˶ŵûɢһ˲һϣǺһ֮»
ǰ
ۼǿֲ鹬Ϸʧɫֻһ鹬˲ͻҷˡ
Ȼֹ˷ڣǾ׹һ˲䣬ߺȻһɳƵȿȡ԰˾֮ǨŭЩ޹ĺӣǷʧұ壿
ȻЩϣȴǧҲһ˲ͣˡ
һ̣鹬˶ס˺·ץסһ׷ķȥֻһŹϸˡ
ϸͷףȥһ̬ӣ··߲ӣһɢˣ˿Ҳ˲


1416 ˪

ϸվڷԵ΢΢һȻԷϲûɢ˲ϢѿȻһѾ̤˾ľ֣
ţ
Ŀһϸ˻һʱ֮䣬ûϳԷ˭˭
ϸ˲ǱˣŮɳб˪˪ϣнǧ겻߶һʱƬûϳҲ޹֡
˪ϵж겻߶ռ峤أǨŭ޹֮ˣʵڲţ
˵ʱѾǰйһһɳʱȥ鹬
ڸоóΪԼ֮£˼Ƭ̣Ȼ뵽ˣղʹƺذٻ
֪ذٻ˪ѩУλϣ˿̣Ѿȷˣǰضذٻˡ
鹬һذٻ˪ѩλ֮һ˿̾һ˴ˣĪרžǶ
˪Źȣ۰׷˵ʦڱչ
ԭ˪һмߣԼ֮£ˣѵŮ۵˼
Ǵ˿̣δԵμɵֻ֮£»ֲذٻܰɣ
˪Ű׷˵峤Ȱһ䣬֮죬֮٣Ϳ̿˲Ӳܣֻɽһ£Ͼѣһ컯峤Ҫ޹֮
һ컯Цһ˵ҽգɱǣҲǵ컯ˣ

˪̾ϢһԶһƬܷյ𣬻˳ԣԹ֮࣬һѿɾȴĻѲһ֮࣬峤Īǲ֪˵տõھžһҲ̤ˡ

ԱߵȴⷬȻҲоõΪ֮һУΥضУԲͷؽ׹ħ֪
ãá
Ȼ䣬˵ͷ˵˪ϽվǣҲǵ컯ҪˣҪɱˣ顣˵꣬һ˲仯һâʷȥˡ
㶣عͷ˪Ϲ˹֣漴Ҳȥ

ŷԶȥʣ˪ҡͷһ̾鹬ĵӣʱ·ӹŹ˳һ׷˪ϵл
Ҳϥȥ˫־ٹͷл˪ǰȣ
û£ա
˪鹬̧̧֣Զ޾ȥ𲢷Ѱ֮ȻΪڷ֮£ɷڵĽѪȴǼٵġ
ĵУ޷𣬳Ů۱ڴˣȥ

֮ڿִޣʱȴͻȻ֮飬֮ǰڽ𣬰˲仯˼켸ҹڶδϨ
Σ
ζɫƽɫȴЩ䣬û뵽϶ȥµ֮졣
ǰ֮죬˼䣬ܲܣ
ȥ
һ̣Ȼ¾֮ǰΪôҲĴɵȴˣû뵽϶޼ɵѵΪи滤ңͿΪΪô
磬ôѽ
ɶգһ˫ˮĴ۾һɫʻģаƺ֪֮췢ʲô
ɶû¡
ḧ˸ӣζȥζ˼˵ȹȥǱʲôʱѶ㡣
š
˵ͷֵ㶨ҪСģһ֮ǰҪ
ǰżȻ̽ǣȻҲħɽǱȥˣħɽƽɽ֮ǱܶҲȥˣ
ܲܺһҪȥѰϹɣȥѰҲȥѰһȥѰҲȥѰɺ֮£ܸоɽ磬ʲôɸ˵ܡ
֪
ζͷʱ·һۣ˵ұضѰ٣ҪǷˡ

ζԼħɽǱ߶ȥɶ֮ˡ
ºɶڻص֮죬ɵǰһĻʵţ񾹳׹һֱյ죬ûϨ


1417 
ڡ
ĳֱָ죬δ뻹û˼Ѿûˡ
֮Ҫԭ򣬳ͱ˼ߣ
֮ضδãǽ޷˼֮ڣһжûˣȫ÷ڸˡ
硭
ɶɫɷףҲǰһĻˣֻһԭԴεɽ壬˿̶˻ɽЩٻƽɽȣҲ˳ҽǰѾȫ
ɶҪ
ɶһ޻ĵط漴֮ȥܷ
Ȼ˪϶޷ȻľԪѵôȥ𡭡
磬¡
ʱɶȻ˹ֻ˫ֽؿϣʼĬ漴һŶţƶ˹Ȼ¶
¶ڽǷ˰µˣһЩѾսľɽ¶֮£·ѿˡ
ɶ۾¶֮£︴յһĻ¶Цݣ硭㿴
һ̣ҲЩԾû뵽ܹǿֻ
ɶͻȻЩˡ
ɶ
һ½סˣֻ˫۰У˯ʣؿ˯˹ȥ
ü¶Ĺɡ
ˣطճ˽һƬɽҲ֪ʱָܻˡ
һЩ󷨱βŶһ٣Щֻ¶㣬ʱˣЩ˲ӵ³
ڶ죬Żص鹬Ź󱣻鹬δܵˣطȴ
ɶ˯һһҹڶδͻعУʼ飬Ҳʵ쾪ĶǵһĻ˵ˡ
֮һ±øӱˣȻɱ˷ˣÿÿԺһֳĳǷߺƽڵãڽ˼Ϊ֮¡
£˽ᣬֻڣʵһ죬ҪΪƽأ
˿̣ǱµҲһ£ʵЩйŨҵĳޣĳҲֻ̫˶ѡ
һΣǺ޲ý̤ƽ
ڣȥʹܹöµħұһ档
˵ֻһǧǰĳλ£涼ӻŷңǾԲŵģܹ÷ӻ񣬾Ϊλ棬֡
Ҫ̤ƽҺܼ򵥣˱ðնöµħֱӳƷһж˷泤ڣ治Źһ̤žϹ
ž˾ûκοɱԣʮ˾˲һžһžָʮ˾˵˿š
˿̣Ҳ֪ʲôһſڵ죬λ˪ϣܡ鹬˶ڷˡ
˪ϡ
ü΢Ȼܹ뵽ŮˣֻŮΪҪ
Ҳȥ˼ô࣬ʱӦǵģξָ֮Ҳ֪ЩΡ
̰ˣȥţٻĳǳأҲ뾡ؽ
ã֪ˣȥ졣
˵꣬ȥˣߣ鹬棬ٻٵɽ壬˵ףʵ
֮ΣǸ˼ɵһССİ˾ߣĵط̸Щžľǿߡ
ջȥģ֮죬죬ֵΣ
˿ָ̣ԽԽʵǿһЩھз֮
仰˵оɱ˷أѲɸȥ޷
ʵʵ
ɽ磬Ѿ˼ˣԪԪ֣֮ɫ䣬ɽû㹻ǿʵܵһܣߵˡ
Ȼϴɾħ̨棬٣̤ǿ֮Ŀǰ㲻оŮһǿߡ
ΨоŮǿʵʱܹӵһϯ֮أ˼ɵ£Ųý֮ݡ
һΣӼᶨȥħɽľģһָоҲȥħɽΪҵǶϹҲڤڤ֮Уʲôָȥ
һɽ֮϶ɽ籩裬Ƭħڤڤ֮УҵµĲ

֮֮ѾȶʱɶҲˣĹ󣬲ŵ˯ô졣
磬ʲôʱİ
ɶЩԺģԼô˯ŵҲˣʱ˽Ǹˣ㡣
˭
תȥʱ˭ԼԼڹɽʶҲ࣬ܲܣŮ˰ɣ
ǸͷСȥ˱֪


1418 ɽ
صӣҲʣתɶɶҴ
ţ
ɶ˵ͷḧ˸ͷתͥԺȥˣҪ鹬ǱȥȻסûڴǱߡ
ţ
ͣ½Ų΢΢תͷأڵϵȺ򣬷ȥǰĹ
ǸҲû˵˭
û˵˭ȥ󣿡
ɫƽĹϽڣôرһŮˣֻǺˣҪСĽ֪
ˣȥɡ
ȻĹһӣҲšһҲԣǰȥˡ
ֻӢͷףͥеǰĹʮľٻߣߣҲᱻ˲
ˣȥɡ
ż濴˿ûټˣҲԣͥԺȥ
ԺʢڳرߵСͤվһӰۣǿȥò
ǣ
߽ЩԷȫȥϢҲ֪˭ضŮۣŮۺε͵͵
ҡ
ת΢΢һ㶣ӣô㡭
ꡭ
ȥӱƣҡҡͷʾҪ̫š
ôˣʲô𣿡
ü΢ôͻȻԼˣһôصģضʲô顣
ͤ˳˵һڹȣˮǣ֪ұˡ
һ˵üһˮʦֶĹϵͬãʲô飬ȻˮҲҪţĪǡ
һ̣뵽ʲôˣˣϴذٻԼǷøˣ͵͵뿪ȣѵǴ˽Ի˼䣿
λɼӦ˺쳾˽ԻطŮ֪ѾˣҪλȥ
Ҫ˼䣿
üʱѾ³߰˷֣㲻ǻ˼䣬Ҳض˼йء
ʵҲóȻɽ֮ˣУʱʱ̿ǣ˼䣬һ㣬ˮȫͬ

ҡҡͷǰм飬֪˵ûС
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һ˼䣬Ҫ˵ģǺ£ӿ˵ɽ˼ӣжˡ
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һؿòŵ¡ǰãһλ˵ˣλѣҲ
֪˵ϴһȥͨȵŮӣʵɷ֣֮
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˵ͷ飬Ҳ𽥱ͤأ˵Ϊв򵥣ҪټˣУ
˴תӵɽ磬ڶ֪۴£µı󣬱Ȼ򵥡Ҳʲôˣ𣿡
˫ü΢˵ʲôȴֹɻ䣬˴ֻҶˣϣκ˵ʶ޷档
һ˵֮Ӳչüʵɻǵãɾ棬ԹȥŮҴذٻģŮ˵Ҫȥ˱𴦣ǴȥҶ֪
˼ǡ
һ̣Ҳζ鵽ɽն˼ӣžǸʱ䣬ѵ
ʼζ˵µʱΪŮ۲֪£һ룬Ůۺε֪ˣŮ᲻֪
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˿̣Ѿʮˣ֮ζҪټ£Ϊ֪µıȻѰʵ̫ͣһȥ
ҲһѾǵķ룬£¹غ˼İΣ
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ʵ뵽ˣն˼ӵģȻǹˣʧȥ˼Դɽܿͻ˥ߡ
Źɽ˥ߣԱضֲʲô¶ضǶ˼䲻ģ˼Σ֮С
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üһӵ˵ͷ˵Ϲ֮һŦŦʵһӡ
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˴Ѿµֻ֣֮ǰһֱǸȥ롣
ӼֻҪŦɽһӶԴԴϵŦһ򿪣ķӡҲʹˡ
ʱ˼Ϳ̿Ϊ
ȫˣһʼΪɽն˼ӣֻΪԱڿΪԱ˼䡣
ֲãҪ˱ܣԭȫ㣬һն˼ӣǴϹ֮۵Ŧˡ
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һɲǣ뵽ʲôһ±øˣӵղ˵Ϲۣ֮ħɽ
ӵ˵ͷɽ飬ħɽʵɽݼûħɽôɽ磬Ҳ֧飬Ϲۣ֮ħɽ
ˡ
ɫһ䣬ӼȻɫüʵôˣ
ζΣա
һ̣ͻȻӾ磬Ӧζȥħɽȥ֮ǰҪζĻֻҪˣҲòöµħˡ
һȥħɽҪ̸ϹȥȻ¡
ʱ˿̣ȻֲõԤУһΣɽѰɽ¶ȥδ룬û뵽ջǾ棬УżȻһУŹġ
ڤڤ֮УҲ·һ˫ε֣һһ㣬ġⱳ־˭ڲ֣


1419 ħɽ
˿ʵһΣȥħɽΪʲôϷҵģ
ֻգǡ
£㽫֮ǰ˵ˣԼ˪ͻȻ֣˷ڡ
֮Ҳüòŵ˪֪ˡ
š
˵ͷ֮ǰʱΪŮ˪ϹھҲ˵ˣƺοħѱĹɽ硣
һȻعȣɽ֮˵Ļɣ˵֮£Ѿȫˡ
ʱƺԼƽϣ΢һ̣˵Ĺϵ·ֽһЩ
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˼Ƭֵ̣м飬鷳һ㡣
£˵
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ġ
ӵ˵ͷʵѾµΪµǡתһУͶˡ
֮ǰʱζֻȥħɽǱѰϹ䣬ڿεԶûô򵥡
֪Ѳ⣬ԶȻټɶˣɽ磬εˣҲֻˡ

֮鹬ߵ鶼òˣʣµĽƵȥýɶȥȣȻ󾡿ȥħɽǱߡ
ȥζ𣿡
Ҵȥһط
뿪鹬ɶȵķȥˣһ·Ŀ꣬ѾϨ𣬿µĺۼǴĿġ
硭
ʱ·ЩԫϱڣɶЩ΢΢򣬶һǰݻˣ֪Ҫʱָܻ
ɶˡ
۾ϣһУǰݷͣ飬ô˽ᡣ

ֹȥʮգڴɶ˹ȣڹȣϤòϤˡ
̼ǵõ棬һδҪӳȥǴΣǵһŮӵ˲ɻȥ
㡭㡭
ȹȿڸʱˮӣˮӼ·˹һ˵ɾǿһĻͣԺ
ڹ𣿡
ȻҪװʮǰûӣˮ㶣ֿ˿ǣŵŮͷʦڹУ
˹ɾȻҲҪװδȥҹʱкӡ
šһ覣˹ɶһЦƯ
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ӯӯһЦȻˣɶȥˣҺͽ㣬м仰˵
ţɶıȥˣȵĺҲȥˡ
ߺӲŻعͷһ̣Ҳ𣿡
Щ飬Ҫȥ
±߼ӭҡҷĲ軨ȥħɽѾֻѰϹôˣ˵Ҫ򿪡Ϲ֮ۡŦҲҪֹ
ҲʱģܿܶһЩ֣˼Σ֮С
Ҳ±߿ȥ˵һ𣬾Ѿ޴ӿˣһΣŶ綼ˣȻǿħδܶǳ֮٣д˵Զħ֮أһ򿪣Ҳ˼ĩ
ĩ𡭡
Ŀһ֪ΪΣһȻЩɽµǸСׯ溽㡭
ΪδʱﾹһԵ˻
磬磡
ʱɶֱı˽͵£˫棬˸ųһĹâÿɰӣؼ䣬覵ӡ
ɶôˣ
㿴
ɶЦ绨˫֣ȴһȺɫĺ˳һȡ
ͷ˵Ҫȥһطɶڽòã

ɶ죬Ǹʲôʱѽ
ܿ졭
ḧӣɶȴͷһƫƭˣһҪȥܾãȻô͵ߣ
һЦɶ㿴˵ţһĲʵ裬ʮɫƻá
ۡ
ɶǸе棬ɹһֻعͷһҪЩ
š
˵ͷɶҲҪһ

棬뿪ʱɶһ·׷˳硭磡ء磡
ɶȥɡ
عͷɶӣԣղٻͷһ⣬Զȥˡ
һºħɽ
ԶԶȥֱֻһؽһأޱҲ޾
ħɽɽΪҪĵطҲΣյĵطħɽһߣɽħԨ
ħɽ֮󣬼ʹáޱ޾ĸݣҲ˿Ϊֻһɽô򵥡
ʮ쳣ʱ꣬ɽʯ죬ʱƿɢϼɡ
ҹʱһ¸ħɽӳյøɭȻʱһƬҷ֮УֻӰһʯ֮С
Щм뷢׵ߣмӣϢز¶ΪҲ͡
Ȼ⸽ϸҡ
ɢˣѰĳˣʱһʯ棬ͱ֮ϸһӰ˲ǱˣȴζҲ±Ǽ˴˿Ѱҵˡ
ζѽȫϢȻѱǼ˷֣ʱͱ֮ϣҲסˣһҲҶ±߼ˣ߾ΪҲ⼸˵Ķ֡
ԭڼǰ̽һЩħɽ飬йءϹ֮ۡ飬룬ȴСģ˷ˡ
֪ЩԣЩеѰ޷Ҫɱڡ
Խ֮ʱһʯӺȻȥ΢΢죬ζʱһˡ
Ȼʯӹȥһ˲䣬һѳն䡱һʱͱˡ
Ȼ
Ѿһɫѣһ±Ǽ˷ˣʱԥ˲޹̨Զȥˡ
ߣ
Ǽ˺Ȼɱ¶ת˲֮䣬׷ٶ֮죬ȻǾһ߾ߡ
ζ޹̨ڼǰ㱻ץסˣʹˣҲݲԴ⡣
Զ֮ʣߺȻζһһɨһӰֵ֣סһ˲޹̨һȥˡ
׷
Ǽˣ׷ᣬζһѰ·һҪնĽһʱп಻ЩΣ
ڣǰ֣֮УһζҲ˲ôˣһɨһӰ˲ȥ
ɢ֮ǰڲΣЩˣҲ˲׷˽ζֻ̨Ⱪ¶λá
ʱȻһɾһʯ棬ܷӦʱȴһְֻϣꡭҡ


1420 ħ
һ
ꡭ
˸ƣС̽ʶǼΪԲͣοûеڰ˾ĸ֣Ҳȷ˲ҵġ
ζҲס˺Ƭ̣нŲָöѪ룬ߵԽԽֻΧǻһطȥˡ
΢ɾ֮ʱȻһ촫һ£űһͳĳڲԶ𣺡ʲô
ΪƽأŰ
ס֣
ֻһ뷢׵ѵһӣܿ˿飬ԵΪأȵΪʲôطһħԨЩŮħͷˡ
ꡭ
ǰ׷˵ʱһ˸ƣҲʮˣƺղһ˲䣬Ӧʲô
ȵȡ
һɲǣ˶ӦˣƬ֮䣬ٴУ£һֻΧĹԽԽϡԶӰˡ
֪ǰߣĶλѣ
˶䱸ʱǺڰһĵŮɲǣħԨŮħͷ𡭡
˽һȻħԨˣ
ʱһɭɭ˵ļСҲǺǣ˼
ʲôˣ
ߣΪ׵İ׷˵ʱѼ𼸵ɫ׭Ҳ֣רŶԸħԨħ֮˵ĵ
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ΧĹɢˣһһŮҲ߽ˣŮһ£׷ѩ촽ȾѪһ㣬ޣӳѪ죬£촽ڣȥɭ䡣
ˡǻͽܣ
һһŮ֮ǰ׷߶Ȼɫԣ˫һ̧ʱʮɫ׭ɴܣߣ
Ǻǣߵô
ŮһЦ֮ͫкȻѪһָָףһ±ʮɳ͵سǰ׷ץȥ
뷣
˫ֽӡʮ׭ʱâʢ˲γһĻֵסŮӵѪɫָס
Ŷ峾ϵôϧĵ̫ǳǺǡ
ŮЦһֱһ죬ָ׶ʱǲɫĻ͡һѪĽһ´ǰ׷ߵԪӤ

һҽ𣬺߼˽ŵĵѣʦ֣
߰
ֻǰ׷ѪƴһԪ׭ٴμγһ磬赲һһŮ
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ɭɭһЦâһһţһѪɫӰɳһ²˽һӣӲҽһԪ񾹱ѪɫӰǿи˳
ŮһЦָҲǰ׷ߵԪǿиȡ˳Ȼɡ
ߡߣ
⼸ŵûɢһ߼׭ݡһ׭һâ˲ż˶ˡ
ʳԪİ׷ߺӣʱѾһ߸ʬͨһȥ
һĻζʯ￴ãζɫȴЩ΢΢ףѻ˵ԪɣȻǼħ֮ˡ
ǰ׷ߺӣ߾ڵΪϻŷ׭ȴ˿Կħ֮ˣɼ֮Ǽߵ֮ˣԶԸ
ļüҡҡͷղ˵ǻͽܣ棬ħԨＫˡ
ʦãôˣ
촽Χ˿ɭɭղŹЩС׷ɱʲôˡ
š
ŮĴѭţһһ㣬˲ʯ߿˹
ŲԽԽζһֱ򶨣Ҳһӡʱ׼ʩɱС
ʦáȵȣ
ŮӿߵʯʱӺȻӺס֣Ůתȥüһʦ磬ôˣ
ȵȡ
üĿһǰʯϣòŵʲôҲûУǻǿ߰ɣù˵ˣȽϹ֮ˡ
ţ
ŮӼ˵ʱԲԣʯ쿴ȥϧ̫ڣʲôҲʶԿС
һɲǣҲȻһ֪ǸӦʲôŲæһˣʯ棬һµĶһҿ
ˣ߰ɡ
˲֪ΪΣͻȻɵһ˵꣬㲻ӰƬʯȥˡ
ΧĹ£˹ζȻźһֱֵ̧ۣĺղʬħ
ѵոħ֮ˣӦʬħϢˣĪǺʬħ
ȵȡ
ͻȻ䣬׹Ԩĺ䣬ǴʲôʱʼģʬħѾʶˣղţʬħǶߵģȻ˳˯


1421 Ϲ֮
úûκζζعͷ죬üʵôˣ˵ʱʶϿ˿
ûС
ֱ۷ȥ濴˿˵ӦѾȫˣ߰ɡ
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ǴǰǸӣҲһħ֣֮Ѳô⣬Ǹղſʳ˾Ԫаħ
֮죬Σζתȥ߸ʬʵ
֮£Ϳ̿
ֻ˸֣ζѾܹõ֮£֮ǺεȲˡ
һֽŵҰɶȥˣظղţѾˣħԨˣᵽϹ֮ۡ
£㽫йϹ֮һ£˵ζζʵ֮ǰҲ̽£űЩ˷֣Σգһգ˵ģȻġ
ζ֮ǰ̽ģϹ֮۾ħɽ棬ȴһҡ
˵˴ͣƬ̣ϹŽأһУħδܹѣҪУСĽ
Ȼ֪ΣգϹ֮۱δ֪⣬йɽˣԼħԨˣܹеģǷ֮
֪֮˼ĪħڣɽĪϹ֮ۺɽ֮϶
յĻҲãʥǿߣȥЩδ֪յĵطġ
Щף˵ħԨ͹ɽˣȥϹۣ֮˫гͻҰǱУŻ
š
ζ˵ͷûٶԣգ˽ϵϢȫˣһѰϹ֮ڣһħԨ͹ɽЩߵĶ

ԼһºѾħɽطħϢأ޾壬ζŵ淨ֵܵ⸽ħϢʴ
һ˷֣˴ʮħԨĴħɽ˵˵˽Ϲۣ֮Ϊ˴Ϲ֮۵ŦħԨЩˣȥϹ֮Ϊʲô
Ϲ֮Ȼɴħɽ룬ʱܽ룬һЩŴͨˡ
һΣΪǰɽ䶯ĽƷӡɶˣ񷽿ɽ룬ˣΪġ
֮ǰĴ̽ҪѰҵϹҲпϹۣ֮澿Ҳ֪
һζˣѾܹԸܵһϹϢϹۣ֮ڸˣǧԶ򲻹
ҹ֮ʱһƬʯ֣ȥֻһޱ޾֮䣬еѪɫȥʮֹ졣
ȵȡ𶯡
һɲǣƸӦʲôʮУһɽ±߲Զʮֹ졣
ζҲס˺Ϣ±ϣҹɫΪڣһʯͷ棬Ŀȥֻɽ±ߣԼԼвӰζ
Щǡ
͸Ѫֻɽ棬ԼʮˣΪֹ죬ʬΪʲôа
СӣǻȪˡʱħͻȻԺ
Ȫ
üһ±ЩŹ֮ˣЩ˵ϣȻһϣЩѵѾһˣ
һǻȪˣѪΪʳԹΪʳʬϵаֻ֮пǻȪġȪʴǹǰȪ벻񣬻ȪȻ䣬һΪѾʧˡ
ʲô˼
ħصǰȪǸˣʮ˵ã˳ƻȪ棬ʱڴ˵Ĵ£ȪνʢһʱĹ̫а죬ħԨ֮ɫ
˴ħͣƬֽ̣ŵǺȪ治֪ΪͻȻʧˣħԨ֪ˣʱΧ˻Ȫ֮ˣΪǺ»ȪȻʱȪʵ֮ǿʹû˻Ȫ棬ҲӲŹ˺üΧɱֱ伣
֮Ҳϸ˼Ȫ˹Źа죿ʧô꣬ΪͻȻˡ
㿴Ǳߡ
ʱζ˳ĿȥֻбɽϣҲˡ
ˣһǰʳ˾ԪһһŮȻǴʱҲɽĻȪˡ
ʦ磬㿴û
ʱŮźֻɽȵǼʮȪˣƺδɽȶζˡ
ǻȪ
Ҳо֮ɫû뵽﷢ֻȪˣ⼸ǧȪʼûгʧҲҵǣѵǣһֱħɽ
ꡭҪǡ
𽥱ʦΪͣȴȪж£мʮˣһˣҲֻ·ķݡ
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𶯡
ζʱһ½סˣʶҪζЩܹӦ⸽ʮڣضˡ
ȻԼһһɽ߳ˣǼӺŮ뿪ķһ˵ͽܸȥˣҲȥ
ãȷ⸽֮Ŵʯͷ߳ȥζҲ˳ŸղЩȥķһΣħԨ˲ˣɽȺˣҲý˰ɡ
û˵֮ǰ޵ʱûκòҲħɽɣ
Сӣεе㲻ԡʱħԺˣüһʲô˼
ħϹۣ֮ԭһ磬ഫϹʱڣһλͨĴԱ֮۶ɣ֪ģʧ⣬ˡһΣ˶˽ȥҿ⣬֮Ҫ룬򲻿ɵģҪ֮ʱɽöµħ
֮΢΢ü֮ǰʱ򣬹ħһֱǧҪѶµħóξȻöµħѵϹ֮棬˿
ôˣ
ͻȻˣζʵ
û¡
عԶȥ˵ܵϹ֮۴ϢӦþǰ治Զˡ
šζ˵ͷ˶һۣԥһǰȥˡ
˾ǵ֮ҹɫΪڣڰܿһƬɽ֮䡣
ϹϢˣǰһЩܹһɽĵӰһƬӰ֮䣬Ϲ֮۵ڡ


1422 
֮ǿСһЩ
ٶȣѷ֣ﵽѺۣЩɽӰ֮䣬һСĴЩѺ۵Уһ鷳顣
ããһӰζ޹̨ȴʱǰ춯ֻһ죬⸽
ǰ涷Сġ
ס˲佫ʶ̽ʮֻããһƬɽ֮䣬ȻŲӰɴܡ
Щֶ鲼Ѻ۵ɽ֮ȥ磬ͨΪҲ͡
ǻˡ
һ۱㿴˻һһŮһһŮһģ뷢׵ߣΪҲͣǹ˵ˡ
ЩˣһЩ֪ħԨЩģʱɽ˶һ𣬴쳣ͼҡ
ҪЩ˵ע⣬ߡ
ζ޹̨漴ʩչһɽȥ䵽ɽ֮ϣ˸ƣ˽һ˲䣬ϵϢȥˡ
Ƭ̣ǸĴԽԽˣζҲˣǸɽӰ֮䣬һѺ۵ĺɫ磬ǲѺۣϹ֮۵һڡ
ڣħɽֻһһƺ˵˷ǲ˴ʱ˫ĳͻ
ߣħˣ룡
һ߼ɽǽ˲仯ɽâһնȥƾˡ
ʦ硭ģ
Ůһӱܿһ漴һɽ֮ϣȻ欶ˡ
ֻЦħˣħˣʲôЩʲô£ʲôԼôʮЦٲˡ
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ˡ
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ڲŷôˣǺǡ
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ֻУ֪ʱһӰȫѪƣģȥʵ£˵߽һ̾˳Ѫħߣ
˵С޶ԭϵñô
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ħԨѪħѪħͽܣ˳ѪħߣΪԻҪڻʦö֮ϡ
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ζüʱѾ֪Ϲ֮棬Ѱ֮أδ֪ΣգȻη壬νϹۣ֮ȻҲԼ뷨
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ȵȡһ°סζϢǿϢѵǾžǿߣ
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1423 
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ôˣ
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š
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ζ̧ͷԼˣּһԼæסؿڣüʲô
Żعٽͷתһߣ·ڣŷ֣ԭζҲһŮ֮
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ζҲԣܲͬУһϪˮȥ
ζϸ˿ܣȷ֮󣬲ȥһ£Ȼȡʱȴ֪ȻһааЦٺ٣˶Լգա


1424 ľа
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ζѣ䱸ааЦȻǻڸȴ֪Ǵĸһߣһұߡ
ݣ
Ȼ֮䣬һӰӹԷٶ֮죬ʶҲ޷ϡ

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һ˲䣬֮£Ƭһһľκϸ΢֮Ϊ죬һӰҲȫ¶˳ҲΡ
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ǹ˺ٺһЦһ½˼ϣʩչ첽ʧ

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Ѹٴȡһö㣬ԭ㣬ʱѾȻ޹⣬ѺۣȻϹ֮棬ѶѾʧȥá
֮£ָֻһüĵȥͬԡ֮׷ζµϢ

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š
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һ£ʶ̧ͷ˿ϿŵŮӣֲҶ࿴ֻͷǡ
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ЩŮӣһѩĶˣ·ɽһϷˮľаŮˣͷϡ
ɽҰһĻľаЩŮһۣ·һûȤǿżϵζֻšһ첽ȥ
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ζԱ֪ˡ
١ҵҪԡ
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ľаĿһ޷ܵ˵ϢһӰת䵭صľа
˵ģϵӡǺ󣬶ľаʱһŵ̹ȥֹľаʹ


1425 ̫
ֻһۣһӡǣ䣬һһŶľа˹
ڴʱϢѹ£ľаֹҲ̧ͷ֪ʹǰк¡⣬Щ꣬궦һҲûٰ
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ӵ¸±㽫궦ס˴֮£ʧ˵ʱǺһۡ
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˾ͺáһۣȥޱ£뿪ˡ
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ʹ֮󣬶ľа˿һ̣ͻȻǶ˻һ˺þã㷲Ļص
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֪ʵݣֻ֪Ϊɲ⣬յľžǿߣͨ£Ҳһ
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ʱ䣬ʱȻûжζǺ棬Ųƣ忪ϵѨˣҲδؼܹѶľаħơ
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⡰̫ҲΪҽμ磬޷˹˵˹Ϊ޷츳ʵ˹ǧ棬ֻ˹
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ΪΨһˣᣬȴһħȻʱ񹦸ܵС
ζܹ֮ȴΪ˶ɾ£ϰһܹϵס̫ħԡ


1426 һ
ҹʱζѾ忪ϵѨ⹬棬ɽϣǽƣʹ޹̨ҲѶľаħƣΪ̫ߣҵ̫
£ʵת忪ÿһѨвעĻ
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ֻľа֪ʱվ˵ſڣСӣЦٺٵҪȻ˶Ρ

ζؿ½һȣľаЦЦãá˵ţŮӳû˶˵ʲôǻȥ
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һʱ󣬶ľаǵȵüͣۼ̴ȼˣ಻٣պһʱ³ſڣţС˶ûУҽӴ
Ƭ֮ǵȴûκζľаٺһЦҽһ˵ţһ˽
һŵһֻƮƮȻɾһ㡣
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֪˶ãºڷߣֻӰһΣһӰϢ˶棬ֵǣ⸽ȻһҲûС
ȥϢڴҹʱ֣˿ƿĽƣҵⶴڣһƬİΨаĻѣ˸Źâ
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1427 ζĿֲ
أ
ǼŮӺʵǼŮӸŵûҲһ˻Żųָָ֧֧ʲôҲ˵
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ȴǵһˣ˲ˣѪǱˣǶľа
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ָĻѪ벻ɶ֣ʱľаˣһŰ˾Ϊˣκʱ򶼲ܵġ
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ľа֧֧ᣬľ֮ɫָ棬һ̾Ҳ˵ˡ
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ĵģһħĻԽ޷ͷͱһѰŵӣıͺǳһ;УаħҲ
һıʮָߣһħǼΪħҲԻͷ֮ǣħ֮ǰжôħ֮ħľжء
ζĵģԶ֮ϣʦ۶Ҳδظ˵һ֮ϡ

ͻȻ䣬ֻеһʹԽߣħԽԽߣħԽ꣬Լڴʬħˣħˣǵˣħˡһļ֮ˣ
ڻȪŵ棬ǲյĵصǸħһħ֮ʶħ֮ʶԸħԸһߡļ֮ˡ
˿ֻ̣еͷʹѣһĻĻӹļ䣬Ŵ壬塭ǺΪħޣ壿

һȣʹԼ˹ڲȥЩʱ򣬵֮Ǿҵζȥˡ
⸽һˣų֮һЩžߣﶼһľаÿʮ궼ȥԪϣ
˼⼰ˣԥһ˲չȥˡ

ҹɫ䣬̻̣ɽӰ֮䣬ֻһӰٶɣȾѪǱˣζ
дʱȿµӣۺʱƮȻ·ѳӣκӣΪĶ
ʱ·ȫѪҲΪ£һ˫Ѫɫͫףľ
˵ΣΪҪЩԪǡΰ
ôʲôǣ飬˭˵
ʱǰߺȻ뷢׵ƮȻɣΪҲ͵ӣֻҹڴ˶УδЩ֡
ζʱңҳ徭ȥض٣ҪܿˣȴѾˣı䷽֮ʱѾ
ʲôˣ
ڰкȻ˷ϢѰߵһʲôˣڴ

ζ̧ͷһɲǣ񣬲Ƕͬʱеһ˵ϢѹָС
ּȫѪϱ鲻ԣ˴˶һۣȻ˫˫סƷ
Ȼȴȫ͹˴ʱǰŮӣֻζһӣһѪɳߺϵʱѪɽһҽУȥ
Աһ߼״һæ𼸲㻤ȻȴֻζһԾָһһ³ͷץȥ
飡飡飡
죬ɫǲһζһ˲ָһ°ͷ­

߷һҽУ۶ڱǣѪζʱɱأָһ顱һԪҲˣ


1428 ޽
Աһ˼״ʱŵĵѣҲ˲ô࣬źӡ
ζɱߣһ죬һѪɫӡɳ顱һʱͷ­÷飬Ȼֻǻ׼һ٣ǰԪ϶ˡ
ҹɫ̻̣ʬӿ׹ȥ¼䣬ˤ÷顣

ͻȻ䣬ζһƺߣɫһ±òҰ˪Ȼټ˹ᵼ¸صĺ
˿̣һ֮أϵ̫ķѹпħ˼⼰ˣԥһ˲Զȥ
һĻǰǰ󲢷û˿ʱڲԶһɽ棬м澪ɫŸղ·֮أǼ˱Ǹ߶û뵽ȴ￴˲һĻ

ԼһζҵһɽȣʱԥɽȥѰһɽһԶһʯ顱һס˶ڡ
ɽ棬ڲָڶϷԭһڣ¹ôζʱŵʯͷϡ
˴ۼ¾ȷʵʮֲһ㣬¹ֻζɫ쳣Ĳ԰ףͷҲ˺顣
תҵġ̫ѾȫˣڱǿСתʹȥضپӴħ
ʱһһȥϵ亹ҲԽԽ࣬˳գһһ˷ڵﴦġ
ڣΪʲô⡰̫ᱻΪˣѰӸ
յҼа龫ǣͷҲδܲеİأүүҲһɶδܲ͸һܡ
̫޷
޷ǵ׹ˣһ´˹ʲô壿
Ϊ
Ҳˣ̫˵Ѳһģ⹦ķԼһһȫֻû̫ƪ¶ѡ
ⲢӰΪʲôƫƫ޷
˿̣ζҲ벻ף̫һĳܣܹҵܡ
֮Ҫ̫ʵһԭ򣬱Ϊ걻ҵǸˣޡ
̫һĿǰҵԣмܵסүүͼλ֣ҲǴ˶֡
ΨмʮǰǸˣǧѵһľţΪʮʥ֮һ
Ǹ˻ңֻܵסޣ˭üʮǰַ顣
ңѲصĵӣɱļϣŮӣ츳ȴܼ֡
ΪʲôҪð̫Ϊֻ̫̫ܹ⡣
ǣȴ߹ԼĵԭΪƾɵϵƾɽĵģܹס̫ħԣȻû뵽վЩһħġ
Լһʱ½Ϸ¹⣬ѾղϣɫЩ԰ףѾƽ
ʱȻ𣬾ϸ΢ȴҲʶ
ˣд
ۿˣϴ
ǧȷǱǸźϴȴǸŮ
ߣ㼸
ң
ߣҵҪηʥɱ֮ˣ
ԽԽ٣ζɵһü
Щ˵Ϊڸղűɱ߾֮£ڵ״̬ò׽תˣ˿飬Щ˵Ķ֣
ܿ죬ǽŲѾɽ棬һɲǣŲͣˣҲʧˡ
ֻ¹£ɽʮˣΪ׵һµӣӽһ̧ʾ˲ҪȻζɽ
ӣ⻹ӣȥҲΪͣһǺӲַȥĿУһɽǿʯ
ʯϲ̦ǣȻǸƹȥãĿɽ֪棬öˡգ
ԱӣȥУںЩˣɽ䱸ǰζɱͺϴǼˣЩ
Ƭ̣ȴûκǺһߣȻһƳǶڵľʯȥ
һ֮ͣ顱һ˶ھʯֱɽȥʱʯɡ
һɲǣϷȻһӰ˳Աһݣˣ
˸ԣһ˲ȥסζǰҵ·


1429 Χ
û뵽һ˰
ǺҲζģ󣬵Щϡ
ԭΪǶôɷһħŮû뵽һ˫ŮӣʹһѪۣҲԭĳµ̨һͲǷ
λԩ޳𣬺ιڴȥ·
ʱζԪˣȴȻ䲻һ˵ţһ䱸ԷͻȻ͵Ϯ
ԩ޳𡭡
һӺȻóɱͺϴ˵ԩ޳𡣡
ζǶ˶ҳȣԹҡ
ô
һŮӿȥȷʵмֱ£˲ɱζˡ
ʱӣЩ·һѪҲζ˵ģĪ׷ɱ
뵽˴һâˣȻҲͬ뷨
Ů·˫Ѱ֮ˣʱ׽ȥ˵
һһ˲ǰζж˲䣬Ѽ޹̨м
Ȼһ˲䣬һӡһ¾ΧɽҲֹȻ˹Ȼò֮ˣʵǱ֮ǰ߻Ҫþá
ۼϵӡζӲһϱߵ·Ҳˣһ˲䣬ָһ͵һ³ؿڵ˹
һָͬСɣָشζʱӦ˹ҹ˲ϢתһɫɲǼԵӿ顱һӵֵָסˡ
ţ
Ȼû뵽Ůӣȴ书һҲѼ
Сˡ
һݣȻԪһߣһӡ˲Ϣ˹ȥһǡơԵȻǳζһȥԸտ˸գ
Ѱ֮ʱζƾӲһֻҵľƷʩԾƣ𣬷ӱܷ𣬿ȴУֻܳ·ǵþϲɡ
ۼһӡƼᣬζ˼⣬зһɨ̨Ӱ顱һǺӵĻƷ˻ȥ
ģ
ӿһܣȻЩԼĻˡ
֣
ζһΧɽľ֮϶ʱӰһ½
ΧɽϣֻɽҰһ̶žľϣԴԴľʹ֣ΣҲ˵ˡ
ɽľľ۶ȥЩߣˣô꣬δֱܹ˺һ谭ˡ
һĻǺһľᣬlţϵףɴĵʦ˭
˶ЩɣŮӵǺ䣬˸ߵĵ֮Уƺδ˵ôһĻǿ²ǡ
ʱɽľζɫ԰ף˵λԹǸɣִӣݹ֡
δ˵꣬Ȼһƺߣɫһ±øӲ԰ˣȻҪȵҲԪԪˣͻδָʱٶ
ǺӼѾ֧ţȴӲЦһȻ˵ʦ˭ǾͱֲˣҵҪ㾿ʲôˣ
һ˵꣬ԶЩߺȵնȥΧɽ
һԥ̼ɽɽһġգ֮䣬ʮѷɽ㻯˳ɰǧ׷׳Χɽϵľնȥ
ЩɽѰܳܵסɽն̶Ƭ̣Χɽϵ㱻նˡ
ζʧȥΧľӰһ±࣬һЦ˫ɱϾ֮ˣҹһ֮˶ò£кʹ£
ͺϴЩ궦ʹػ׷£ʹ
ת˲䣬ֹһεĹƸͣζȻֵסƬ֮ƣۡһһѪӿ˳
ġҪ
ȻҪץģץ˻ȥ⻹ǻܷοһˣϻ֪Ŷܣɱ
־ܰգ
ͻȻһָȥһָζȴضȫ
һ˲֮ʣζ棬תһɿֲѪʱȥ
ǡ
Ȼеһϣ̧ͷʱȴǰ֮˫Ѫ죬ƣ뷽Ǿ֮ˣȫˣ

һҽУ쳹ɽȣҹľ

lkuţlɱɱ


1430 Ǳ
ζ
һ·ϢۼѰңζϢص̫ʹʶҲԾ׼նԷߵĹ켣
֪ΪΣʱһֲ̫õԤУζӳˣһ·֣
һֱ֮ʱζӰȡһö㣬ֻ治ѺۣȻ޹⣬ǽһ˿ȻҲʧˣ˵ʲô
öˡ
һüΪζҪö飿ΪڲټǲԼҵ
СѾͷ²򵥰Сӣ㵹Ҳ̫ģȻܴӶľаѣȻŹ˱졣
ʱħȻԺüͷһ壬ʵĵģ֮ζ
ڶľаĶЩ״ֲ̫ζΪǵȻвħѰ֮˸ܸܲܲǾħ
ζħԲܡңɣ⡣
ѰȥҵζζһģҲΪѰϹöԷ¡
ֻڣ⡰֮УЩɵǸصġ֮˲óȻʶ̽һԷע⣬ø鷳
ǰѰ˼ʮһһɽϷֻ⸽ɽϵĻľ⵽˴ݻ٣ɽ·Ѫ֮
ӣ
Ժ֮У˹ħԥһ˲ɽȥ
䵽棬ֻʮ߲Ʋʬʯľӵʬ壬ȥǿֲŴ˸󶴣ԪӤˣػҲδѡ
⡭
һĻЩ΢΢ľħ˳˿£Ҳ޹֣ζɱˣֶξ˿ֲ
ʱЩˣͶľаЩ˵״ƣɱǺΪ
Щˣɱ
ħͻȻԣȥľʬ壬˵ֶΣ˵Ҳа˾Ϊȴ㿴ˣԪӤԱˣ˵ʱûа֮Ԫ񶼱ˡ

üٿܻ֮УٲȻв˿˿ħѰ֮˲ħ֮ΪУֲܷˣ
ֻζһУ̲ʦ֮£֮˭ԶҡħɱֶΣҲ̫̣һҲζΪ
ħվ˵ҲµûӦĳһ̫Ž
̫ŽüһΧʬ忴˿ѵҪ
ħ˵Сӣʵûз֣Ϲ֮棬ܵؽѾ𽥱Сԭһ磬硭
˵˴תѾͷһǱ֮ˣϹ֮棬ɽǱܵķŴ󣬶ʱطƣΪΣԽֶΣնɱЩ˾ߡ
һ˵Ѿ˼֣ħּʵÿ˵Ǳֻӳʮ֮һȻܵطǷӳʮǱˣǱؽǳԽصĴڣ֮ϣ˳Խ
˴ħֶͣɽ֮䣬һֻĳ˵̫ʱڣͼؽƣȻ޲⵽ػ𡭡Ҳ˴ͨͼ죬գһʧܣؽ֮£ͼ죬췽ҹ̷
˵ţüĽŵЩʬ壬ֻľаŵû겻ģü˼ǣĳ̫Ž֮Ǳ޶ȵط˳
пˡ
ħ˵ͷ˵Ҳµò̫Ž֮֮ص־ܹͨ޿һ˵ǱԴﵽĳ̶ȣˣô˹ˣضһزݵĽɴڡ
ڡǱһ˵ǰδô˵ֱħôһ˵֡Ŀһ¡ĸоʵûпܣﵽӳʮǱĳ̶ȣ
ܡ
ħֱҡҡͷ˵˵֮ǱޣȴطһﵽʮɣǽǳԽصĴڣҪ֪ǿܳʮɵǱﵽʮǱʱѳ֮⣬ӡΡΪΡͬһ㿴أΣΣ
֮˳˼ζѵһֽأ
˼ǣµħҲܲʮɵǱ

һʣħͷһЦ·Ц˿̵֪˵Сӣ㻹ǲףҸղ˵Щ£ǰѾ̤ܵеľ磬ɱأҲֻؼһʮɵǱǳԽصĴڣΪпɱ𣿡
֪ˡ
أȫˣ֮Ǳޣȴطû˿ԿʮǱǽǳԽصĴڣԽصĴڣҲǲڵĴڡ
ħ֮Ϲ֮ѾͷǱ޷ӳǶԣ˾ߣѾΪǣǡҲǧҪСⷽ硣
š
˵ͷҪȥҵζζѾĳ̫ŽȻǡɡ֣Ǿ;ǵУȥؽ¡
ʱɽ棬ȻһϢħɫһˣСӣȻǬˡ˵꣬һ±ʧԭء
Ҫ뿪վһһϢ̫ˣ˵չ
ֻԶѾվһӰһɫۣһӡֱ䣬Ǳˣȥľаʹ


1431 ʹ
ʹ󣬻ĸߣۣͬȥΪҲ͡
ʹ
Ŀһ±ϣʹһ̧Ŀͬϣ̳ʥʹ֮һ˻ˣӹ۾
ʱȻһ۽ϳˣضɱ˵Ļ飬ĿҲϣҲͬܵˣ˿·һ˾ܱȡ

Ļʹ´˳ʱʵġȻָζ
ζɱЩˣɱֵ״ʹߣ飬Ͳˣ֮ǰץƽϢ¡
Ҳʣһ±ýĿţϵķâ
¡ʹĿ䣬һ̧չƣȥ
˵ΪҲͣɶǷЩǵһˣֱӱһָѪ˳ȥڶû㱻һɾƷ˳ȥ
ȳֹ˫һӿȥѽѪ˻ȥ
ʹ䣬һԾһƱ㳯ȥһ֮Զ˿ɱȣδΧʱʯɣһɱѵ֮ӭ
֪ΪȥӲڶԷϮһ˲䣬ɲҲչһɲǱɳɾ롣
¡
һ죬ʹһƣΧɽѣʯɽȴڰ֮⡣
ʱĿղŹħ˵Ϲ֮棬ؽС࣬Ǳ޷ӳδؼôƴˡ
˼֮ʣէʹȻУ˫Ʒ֮䣬Ҵܣպճ֮Ұ
һ˲䣬Ϯ˾֮һУ
˻Ѱ̳֮겻֮ƤԪ֮ҷ
ʱ˷ǵضɲҲԳ𺣰ΧʱȻгȣϢ֮£Ԫʧ
ܣһ˲֮ʣ˫һűһɫĻ棬ͻȻӿܣֵס
˺ɫ֮Ѱ棬ǵ꣬ɱžڣǴշġĻ𡱡
ţ
ͻȻĺɫ棬ʹһ˿ɫȻûϵ˾ͬһľˮ֮УɻڣҶԷ𡭡һ֡𡱡
ߣ
ʹһߣȻһԾ˫һֽ̧ģһƳȥ
һȻͬһ㣬ΣȻûʩչɲҲͬʹһΧĻҲģһʹӲȥ
Сӡˣ
ħʱһ棬ȴţһƣͳʹһƵֵȥ
ʹһ֮ǿܲףֻ֮Ǳ츳к
һΣ罫ʵǿֵܷסһ˾ǿߵһ
¡
˶һ˲䣬ʱ쳾ɽȵѿǺߵˣҲٴشһ㣬һѪӿ󵹷˳ȥ
һ̣ȫħ֣֮һ֮УҲħֵ֮ܵסʹԾһƣ
ˣԸѾʼЩң̳ʥʹ֮һ
ʹΪһ˾֮˿ɱȣҺϹۣ֮棬ĿǰΪѵֵһƶܴ
ʹʱҲȻЩ⣬һ˵ǱʹС㡣
һ˵ֻ꣬˫һƣһ·ϵӡҲȻ˹âһϢʱأ

ʹϺȻĻ棬˽һƵʹ˵ʲôͷ
һΣҲܵˣղһ£ȻʱӲһ
ʹֵ˲䣬Ҳʩչ˹µ˴ڵĴƷһ¾Զ˹ǰ
ʹ
˼ϮʱŵûɢʹҲû뵽Է˲ץƣʱòջعơ
ջعƣһ½ȥ漴ɲһչɽȥգ۱ʧӰ
𡭡ʹ
˹ŹһˣʱȫԱ亹ʪ̱ڵϣɪɪ¡
š
ʹδȥ׷뿪ķ򣬹ã˲վЩʹˡ
ʹһֹ̧סǼ˵ȥĿŸղȥķ𽥱ñ䣺ˣһҲܷŹ


1432 Ѱ޹
׷ףζһ·Уƾ棬ʴ̾ǰʯᾣ֪ͨĹľ
ԽԽ·ϵѪѱϴɾϵϢҲԽԽɫǲ԰ѩ
ƻ֮ʱδͣЪǰԽԽĹԨҲħϢ
һɽĹǶ˵ľ棬κ˿
Ȼ֮䣬ض¡¡ǵصݷͻȻ¼ĹҲ޹ɵطӿһΣϢȻƽ
ζͣǰӿ£ңһϹŽ֮أҲ˸׿Ľء
棬˰׹ǣһһ㣬֪ж˴¼ŵعһԵصĳԹ۶ɡ
ζǰ˼¼ԹԽԽӿң·ҪһϹ֮Ӱצ
һ˸ĽأЩҲ⣬ֻӵ±ߣŲܶ׷ɱ
˿ɫɷףȫȻƾһɸѹסʱɣշǳ֮ƣȥٵ³
ɱĸˣˣǲŹˣҪһĵطչǰԨʺϲˡ
ֻϹŽ棬־ʲôҲͨħľҲ֪
գֻһԾǽ֮򣬷ȥ

֮Ѳ֪δ˼Ĵ꣬ʧȥζϢۼ
ʱͣˣããɽҰ֮УȴѰζϢóΨһĴѶ㡣
Ȼ޹⣬ɢʹۣζϴŵ飬Ҳ޷ӦԷںδˡ
Ӧʱȫˡ
ü΢ɽ࣬Щٶ༸־裬žͲˡ
ˣ޿κΣζԼģȻԼ㣬ôǲϣԼҵΪΣĪΪĳֽɹ
Ӵӣǿ鲻۲۵ľͷ
ʱԺȻ˹ħ˵в⣬ʵγԣ

ħ̾һ·һ֮ˣʱף˵ҿСѾͷĸúܣľаץߣǽϣȫϣȴûȥĻ䣬ѡԼգ˽Ҳҵ
ô
ħһ˵֮ǻȻˣգζ䱻Ƕľа׽ߣȴһ·ԼϢڣԼκϢϢԼ޷׷١
ѵǹħ˵𡭡ζʵڹԼģԼȥô
ɵʱԼȥˣֻȴԳһЩҲδѰ
ѵΪԼϹۣ֮һֻΪѰϹȴȻ
Ȼ澳֮Ĺϵʼ΢ԣǴηϣ˸Ƶһ㣬˴˹
ԴɽԺʣδ˹ʱɽ֮϶ڶµħڸð۷ȥζġ
һΣԼˡ
ħˣΪҪ㣿ֻѶ֮ãҲ׷ٲΪ˲ҵأ
ˡ
üĽﲼѺ۵㣬ȥħɽʱ˵ҲҪɢԲö㣬񡭡ȴöˣڹԼΡ

ħ̾˵Ůӵ˼ϸ壬Сӣǰѵ˵ΪãôӴңɣҿСҲ鷳ˡ
š
̧ͷԶɽӰ֪ʲôطϹ֮²ô˽ģҪ뿪Ҳô׵ġ

ȥһʱ䣬һûҵζȴϹ֮ơ
Ϲ֮۵ŦžϹ֮۵ĴǰϹӣҲпħԨ߹ɽˣѾȥˡ
ֻҪϹ֮۵ŦϹ֮۵بŲ˥ɽɽ磬ħԨħԨ˫Ϲ֮һĳͻ
ҲŮۺойЩѾϹֻۣ֮ǲ֪ںδ
ҪϹȥֹҲҪֹħԨ͹ɽ˴Ϲ֮Ŧ
˵ģϹ֮۵ŦҲһؼӡڡ


1433 
˼ķӡɶϹ֮һŦٴ򿪣ʱ˭Ҳֹ칥˼䡣
˼ؽһͿ̿ʱҲӱδˣ˼Ⱦ
գɱҪȥһ£һҲ֪顣
ʵһǧǰʱʱܺг֮ҲʮʴȣΪ±ߵ
ֱһǧǰͻȻһˣɱ֮Ԫ񣬳ΪƬˣ𡱡
ʮأÿҲضǶ˼䶷µĿ
جҲ𽥿ʼˣ޷뿪򣬶ÿʮһӣλȥһġ궦
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һǧû˳Դ۳ȥ޲ۣҪôУҪô֮ȥˣ֮˳ɹ
һΣȷʵЩˣΪǿԷٳ忪ħɽķӡͨ׹䵽ˣҪ뿪ȴˡ
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ڹȥһ£ȻûζκϢ²²⣬ѮʱζҲۡ
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΢һ˼˵ͷղŵһĻԷˣûκ壬˻ɡ
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һ̾Զʣ˵֮ʧǿҵ꣬ҵܲѹȣȴκΣ˲֪Ӻδħ֮ҵȥ·֮Уħ֮ƣҵȻٶֻ࣬ҲҪûа
ʵղţµ˼֣ʱһ˵֮󣬸ȷˣӣԼƿЩħ֮谭


1434 ǿ
˼Ƭ̣ҲڴӦԷǾŶԷԣ̸֮˵֮²µҲжţ֮ķǿ֮꣬˾Υ˵ʩɽʱ֮֡
Ŷ
ôһ˵Ӳɵǰһ˵СҲãҵȽ֮У˳Ӧ֮С
֮Ȼʧǰ˲ΪвȣǿƣǶ𣬹ʵ岻ѣԵڴżǰԵһ֮ǰˡ
ãá
ôһ˵ӴϲȻʵע⵽ڼȷԷ֮˺ġ
ԭΪԷ״ӦͬȥۣϾ֮ҲͬСɣȥ֮֮£˭Ըۏ˻ˮ
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ãǰ·
Լһʱ󣬹Ӽݺ״롱˴ɽػصƣվΡ
ʱƻãĺɫ֮£һɽ룬ԵΪأڣӴһɽȣɽʱ߳Ӱомžǿߡ
ӣ˭ˣ
Ȼ˶һİ֮ˣΪ裬ҲòСģϾ˴֮£¹֮£ܵģ
һ֮˻ˣʱǻûȥۣ㱻һ򾡣ǿ³ˡ
˿ǰˣһοĺˣĿұһƣ쳣˶񽫵ӣмȴһͷϡ裬ݿµİüߡ
ȻҲ̤žǿߣмǸƿİüߣΪκһ֮ϡ
ӼæЦǲؽţλСˣ˴ǰȥۣǻٲ
ţʲô˼ӣ˵һЩ
ʱ˵ˣ˵ľȻδ٣ʱ˹֣Լžǿߣɫɲ˵һڴˣҽʶλӢۡ
˼ΪԼĪ߰˾ӣɵʶȴЩ߰˾߿ɱȣЩ߰˾߼ǣ֮£һ򶨲ң
Σ˵Щ棬ʲôĹ˱죬ӿеģ
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Ŷһ˵˸һЩˣ˱죿
ЦЦǰˣ˵С˵λ˵ָָ̧ߵĺꡣ
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ָָұǸƵľ˶֮ˣмİüָȥڣǰüź룬Լ˵Ϸǡ
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һ¼ʶôžǿߣЩ𺳣ȴ磬ЩǾžǿߣɱŮۺоǵȾǿߣǲ˲١
ʱ˵ƬɽӰЩе˵ˣеˣֻΪδžʤ޶࣬γˣȻ·ĸ֣ҲѾۻˡ
һУʱ»ᾡƳ۵ħ֮
һķǿͬУܺùһȥۣħ֮ȫ壬ʱֻƿɣڳǾͽǰЩˡ
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Ŀ΢۰룬һǺƺƵǰۣͼ֮µĽƣǸħ֮ƣȴ谭һУ֮Ŀֲ֮£ܿ죬Ǳȫû
ǰƿ۵ħ֮Ǳٺòˡ
֮󣬸ǿѾƺƵ棬ȥȫӰ֣ޱ޾ɼ֮࣬ϰ֮ڡ
ħ֮һ֮ǰѾƳˣô˺Щ⣬û뵽ξȻôˣ⻹ֻϹ֮һССѡ
ܿҲûʲô֮޾ǰҲֻһһҶ
Ĳ˵˼ħڣչŶһƬǽ֮صŶǿߣҲ
˿̣޾ӰŬʶ̽ȥҲҲζӰҲˣֻǻȺУ֪ġ
۸أҽڶ࣬Ҳܰʶȥ̽죬ԷǲҪҵˣֻ𲻱Ҫ鷳


1435 ز
ʱȾžǿߴ£ߣܿѾۣףν
ħ֮ȻҪƿҲ˼ϣϵó
Сѣǰħ֮أһܷ֮Ƴ
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С֮㶯öµħʱҲδؼȫԸ˴ˣֻۣܳζһ𣬿ζ˾ģ
ֱڣҲûʶ֪УѾζԼߵˣǽֻǺѣ˵ĶԷΣ
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ǺޣҵĺޣǸĸٻ˺ƽôޣôԸϣվҲǡ֮ˡ


1436 
Сѣ㡭ôˣ
Բϵı仯عҡҡͷݽ𣬶ʱǰߺȻһ죬ֻһؽƣѾʼɶˡ
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һǽ治ϱ仯âȥƺʲô˵ͨһ
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˵ͷӼײϱ仯Ҽ϶΢ҪСѾ׼ҵ˵һƷ£ʮ
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âԽԽǳֻâȫɢ֮ʱһؽҲƿˣʱֻȥǡ

ʱһʯֻһӰڿУӰֻһɫĶۣ·һȥ졣
֮ϣȻԪӰţȻӰǸĪ֮
ͻȻ֮䣬һ󼱴ٵĽŲ𣬸ֻӰŻܵʯſڣȴҽ
ǶɫɷףŵûҲߵĺӲ졭桭ˣȺˣѾƿһؽˣǵֵס
ʯûκԽ㷲ֱƬ̺Ŵ֮ɭɭţħĻҲˣ
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޷
ʯ棬֮䵭ȥħȥԸˣسŵء
ǡǣǰȥ
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ʱڵϣֻӢѩ紵صĻҲ׷˹С
ʱڻһϣֻһŮӣŮӼѩ޶ˣǰڷһѪ̴ɫ٣Ǵ˼ˣšħ
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ħϣ˵ʱδǰ֮ģš
ӣʱͷҲ̧һ£һ̧ͷ㱻ǹǵ֮˰ѻȥˡ
Щ΢΢ߵӲЩ췴ѾۣһѾ챻ƣڱչأҶǰħǰȥС


1437 ħ
Ŷ
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ߣҵҪʲôСӣж
ħһǰ٣һΣȥͬʱפڹġʮҲȥˡ

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ȾžǿߣҲͻȻеһϢͨɣһ̸ɫ䣺ˡħ


1438 ħ
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ħ˶ʹ಻˫ȻˣħֱԪǣʹס˫кã

һҽϣһЩԸߵ˻ãǿܹסЩĩ֮ˣȴԵֵħƬֻ̣е˫Ѫе˫ѪеѪģֲѡ

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˵һ𣬾̲ʤ÷֮ϾԪħħȴԽԽǿ
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ɫ԰ףǰĻһ䣬Ի֮У·ֿѪܵһĻ
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ԽԽң۾ϵɫԽԽʹ࣬һҲԸĻ䡣
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1439 ֮
Ⱥ󷽣ζüۼҪ߻ħֻðһԣֻ˫һ̧ȫתΧ̶Ƭ̼䣬
ҵľ书ٿ֮˿ۼѰ֮ɣɣҲϳˡ
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գһҲ۳ȥ
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1440 ̫Ѫ
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һɲǣ֮ʮأţֻͷһЦȻ̫Ѫ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡹


1441 ֮
ֲЦصܣ̫̫Ѫ
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1442 ţΨ²
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Զ߼֮գѺۣǺεȿµֶΣһеĻܽƬ飬ʱܹѣ
ԶʹͻħҲס˺ңǴδֶ֮Ρ
ʱۼǼѺת˲ü֮ʲôˣգѺۣµħ𣬿ɱѺ֮УҪγ
ٺ٣Сӣ֪˭ˡ
֮һЦ˵䣬ǼѺ˫һ̧ħ֮ӿ䡱һǿнĵѺסˡ


1444 
һĻԶ޲¶ɫ֮һ۵ףֱһƬգµħֵܹ֮ס͵Ĺƣ˵
Сӡˣ
֮һȣ˫ֲסӡĵѺۣͻȻӿȥĵѺײһǺεȾ춯أ
Զֻеǰһڣ˫ҲǱ޴һδӦһɽӿƷ˳ȥ
˷͹ӡȾžǿߣ˽Աɿֲ֮˳ȥһЩΪԵ֮ˣѪֹڵЩʬ壬һ˲䱻Ʒ˳ȥеصʯһ𣬻촷ۡ
һ̣ԲʮԱŨŨ̳ˣղǾ޴ײ⸽ɽѿöδɢȥ
̳ɢȥһЩʱ˶¶ɫŸղǸֻǸɽѿѺۣڰУֻ֮ǹӰȴˡ
нһѵŲħ֮ҲδܿסղĵѺ۵ײ
ˣмܹסµ֮νľžǿߣղһ˲䣬Ҳҷɣ
һ
ʱԶζһҲֱѵѵڸղѺײ£ħ֮Ҳ
һ̣˶ס˺Ըеѣ֮Ŷֲʵ
ģҲܲµħϢˣѵһǿߣֻ꼻һ֣ջô
֮ԵСֱȫܲԷϢ󣬲ɭɭЦ£ô£Ѳ£ǿҲվһ
쪣˶ţһǿ֮󣬾ħ֮Ҳ÷ǣҵ³
ڸ˾֮ʱȻ䣬һ̳дƾ㡭Ҳɱ£
һڳ˽һû
Ȼһ̳ɢȥˣֻвΰӰη˽ԳԾ֣ڸղֲѺ֮£Ȼ
ʱ˭ղԳơ¡ʱɢľϢ˶£˭
ζҲסˣһ̣Ȼֱ治ǰӣһǶ¡
㣬㡭
֮һһ˲䣬֮ǰǹϤĲֻ֮ˣǰˣ˭Ƕ£ôܣǣ񣬺ǰĶ£һģһ
µ£Զǹµ¡
Ȼ䣬ֻһ̧֮ϣĵɫѺۣ˽һǸղĵѺۣ
ôܡ
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㡭ܡ
֮Բһ£ţղĵѺۣ˵ǿֶΣɾȻöԷֱӸģţ
µһ˲䣬ºȻһһƱǴĵѺۣ֮״ʱæۻ࿹
䣡
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ǻ˿µģ˲飬޷ĵѺۣټӶµħ֮
𡭡
֮÷һĻʹ˽һںߣħҪߣһգѱ֮ڽδɢȥô˵֮ûȥ䱻÷飬Ļ꣬Ǻ֮ǿ
㾹Ȼˣʱ
һֲصƬ֮У˽ԸеһղǿҲֻǻ֮ѡ
̳ɢȥֻ֮УһɫĻӰƮǻӰ֮ˣһֱڸղŻȥǾû˼ĿʱһӰ޷ò
һ̣˶еѣһѾȥˣ֪ʲôʹûδģڣ֮ǿ
ظˣΪ֮Ҫ꣬²Ϊ꣬Ϊ
ֻҪҪŹ뵽˴޲ľ֮ʲôˣ̫ˡ
²ջҪ㣬𣡡
ͻȻ䣬³֮ȥһƬħ֮˲Ϣ
ƾ㣿㻹Լɶˣ
ʧȥ֮ǵûбǸǿˣֻ˫һУ飬ϷХһ˲䣬ȫˡ
¡
һ죬ؼ䳾˵ٴײ֮֮󣬻øӿֲˣԭߵĻӰһ̾ɿֲ֮Ӱգ
ֻѪ۾ɭɭѪ͸ֻһۣľѣǺεȿµĻǣ
һ̣ؼ䣬ص֮ǵͳµСӣû˶µħ֮Ҫ㣬練ƣյҲ޷ʶʶ򣡡


1445 һɷһħ
򣡡
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⣬ʲôط
һƬ֮أ˶ǱһİһԽԽ궯
Ҫţ
ǹӵ˴ʱȽ򶨣Ȼһ޾֮أ֮µĽ벻ʵѾǿȵزܹ򣬻ļ֮أ˭Ҳˡ

ʱǱŵֻص֮Ŀֲ˷ΪףȽΪϡһ
£ǰɻӰˣֻǴ˿ǻӰģøӿֲˣѵ֮ı·һĹ
СӣЩ鷳ˡ
ʱԺ˹ħʱȻ˶µħܹħʶ
š
ʱҲܵˣ֮ĻԱøǿˣվС˴ˡ
һɲǣֻ֮ӰһƬգʱ쪣صĻǣΪɡ
ЩôۣһЩ˵ĻǱͬջȥˣвٻգʱȻҲ֮ɻ֮ͨ£ЩĻǣȫˡ
⡭
һĻ˸ľѣô˵ĻǣȫˣĻִˣ
Щ鷳ˡ
ԥŴʱ֮δЩȫɣһԾŹħֳ֮乥ȥ
һ£֮ɻǣȴԽ䴴ˣƬ֮أԷĳһƾħ֮Ѿ˵ˡ
ݺ
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Сӣ̫ǿ
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ް
ȶϢµĲɸղһҲܵС𵴡
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˿ڣ֮ƾһħ֮Գ򣬳Ҳĳͨѧش֮Ԫ
Сӣ˵
ʱԺ˹ħµܱҿżȻΪΣƶϣȻˣôȻҲһЩʶ棬ҲǼƬֻѰ֮ˣѰֶΣ޷֪̽ЩƬ
ħ˵ţҲ˼֣֮ǰûôֻǶǺˣʶ棬ض̽쵽ʶ
һһ㣬֮ԵҲûȥ̽µħΪǰһħŴΡáѾЩʣ˽ʶ̽䣬δв֮ӡ
οɽ֮϶Ľ棬һμʱһɲǣһ˵㺣·ǰ˱Ī棬컯ȴŪˡ
СӣĪҪôˣȴ˷Ӧ̽¼ĻҲûУٽ¼֮ҽ㡣
ʱħһԺ
á
ҲٶԣĬһ䡰֣Ǹˡ㽫ʶͷ­̽ȥ
һ˲䣬ǽһƬ棬ͬޱ޾ţʲôҲûУʱ䣬Ȼֹͣˣʱ䣬ȴǹȥܾúܾá
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ˣһˣ棬ƺ
һȥƺһƬޱ޾ħ򣬵δˣһֲͳɣħᡭ˭


1446 
ɣħᡭ˭
ͳֲһʵƺǶǰɶһȥ޾ɽ׷ɱӵŶǹŶﻯ񣬻񼴽ɹ֮ʱǵصͻȻʶ
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Ǹʱħʱӿʹʬħ޾ħһɲǣħʱȻ
صħ
ħʵ̫ˣصҲ粽УǷ𷨵֮ˣ˭ֵܹסħ
ططΪοȥǷ֮أصħ
һ̣ȻЩˣ塢͡ѵ֮ǰй֮ңǰģǷ֮ҡ
ʱѾ˲ȥôˣⷽƬδɢȥѸǰȥԽǰħԽǳأ侳һ֮ǰһС
·һУĿù·һУǶµļ䣬ǡԼļ䣡
ΪһУʵʵһһľһһ·һУ·
һ꣬һΣǶµһ꣬һΣһ̣ˡ
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ǡ
¶΢΢ɫķ̵伮࣬˲ϵɫġeӡʲôһ֮
ܹħüһeӡˣҲǵ֮ѵǸղɮ˵Ҳ档
ңңħ꣬ħ𣡡
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ֲħ棬ƺƬħ֮УûƺǸڣ˵ĿֲԵ˲¸ԶϾƺ֮
ΪƾϹŽƣټϸ󣬱ƺڣħ֮󣬲ŷ˲µĸǶô档
ǰƺƷ֮ϣ˶ĽŷҲѹסħһƺֱ۵
һǴħ˵µĸ󣬱ϹŽƣҲ赲סһֲڣ
ˡ
һ˲䣬ͻȻеЩ뿪˼ã˼˿֪歷ǸӲ֪ƺǸڣ˿ֲ
Ϊ˸֮󣬱ܳȥǻٵƺǱֱ߳ʣʵȴȫǸ֪һǰħһ˲䣬ɽȥħ
δ룬δ뻹ûƺƷҲֵסܵס
⡭죡
֮ʱֻǴħһ̧һƬȻˣȻ󻯳һħ
⻯ֻͨеһϣһ˲䣬ڵĵطҲʼˡ
⡭
ֻǿ̽µļƬʵʵѱ棬һδȥֻһʶضҪˣħʵֲ̫ˡ
ԥһ˲˳ȥƬ˲䣬ƬҲˡ
ħƺƷһ˲ʧˣǰһУʧˣ·ֻصʵ֮УǰһƬŵ档
ǸղһĻȻļ䣬ƽϢò׻֮ʱͻȻ䣬һǿȻ
˭
һʮּᣬ˲һԾܿһѵˣǶµļôܻˡ


1447 ص
һ̣䱸ڶµļƬûЩ죬Ψһʶ
ʶĻǱʲôϢҲȥڶ¼ƬһУǣղľ䡣
ʱʮСղһԺζѵҪֹµļȥ𣿿һУδҲ̫ˣµļˡ
ʱһƬŵգȻ·Ҫһһ̣ҲӦˣ֮ˡ
һʶ̳ȥƬƬĻ´ٽδػܿղЩˡ
Ȼ׼뿪ƬʱȻ֮䣬ղһֳϮˣǴһǺ˳֡
˭
˲䷴Ӧٴζ㿪ǵĹȴҲ˭ڰ֣µļƬˣ̫ˡ
¡¡
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䣡
һƵֵס֮Ĺƣʱ⸽ħ֮ƣӿȣȴʤѷ֡
СӣΣʲôûС
ʱԺ֮˹ħ޷͸ղʶһУûпµκ书ǾһЩֵֹ飬ղǼеһУһ
Ȼ˴˵
ԣʹħ֮ϸħ֮ӿȥǰһУԻ촷ۣΨ֮ǿֲҲԳ׻ȥ
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ֶãֱ⸽ҲԶ߲óȻǿ֮սɽѵأܹģ
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ʱԪѾָһЩָֻһüһ㣬ٴν⿪̫Ѫӡһɫת
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ǣıķʱ䣬ŵ򲻵֮ʱԲ׶á
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Ȼܹܵɼѹ֮һƬȫ飬ʱûκһ롭УУ취

һɲǣȻеоһʹ߷Ǹص죬졭㣬𣿡
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Ȼʱ׹˲֮Уʵ轻֮䣬Ȼ޷ˣ
ۼ֮һԽԽԶ߸ŵĵѣζɫһ䣺һ



1448 
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𣡡
ʹ˽һȻǺεȾУֻһһͿأ

֮Ԫܴɢ̧ףĿﾡǲţղһǶµ񷣡
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֮ţʱڶģһѺɫ޷֮ʵʵ飬޷֮棬ǶµĽ档
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1449 һʶ
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ۼۿʼҲԥһ֮նȥ˵ղ˵Ѿʲôˡ
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дɻȻʱ֮ȴѾɢɢ֮䣬ȴδʧ
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ʧˣĽҲһʧˣһݣ֮µĽʧˣ
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Χ𵴵ԽԽˣֻɽһҲ³ݣܿ죬ⷽ۾Ҫȫˣٲ뿪˶档
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ûķ֮߷ҲƵȥҲ˲ô࣬ȿֺȥҪ۱֮ǰȥ
֮ʧˣʹЩˣһʱҲЩ֪룬֮߸ϣʩˣ֮ѾʧֵΣ
ҵǣķߴʱȿֺ룬ûǵ鷳Ǳ˴˶һۺҲϢȥˡ
һߣħʹ˶ˣ֮ҲѾʧҲ뾡뿪ۣղԪҪЩض
˼⼰ˣֻһҪȥȻնһ˲䣬һӰȻһ°סļ

ħһͷһԷħ֮ƣĿ˪Ƕ£ʱŵûҲֹʱ˵ѱԷȥ

ʮǡ¡ˣŵĵѣ׷ȥǵΪʱ׷
ֻһ׹ӹȴζ޹̨׷ȥˣٶȣضܹ׷ϣҲ뵣ġ
֪˶ãŻħ˱ۣʱһŽصĹȣӵһʪɽ
ɽ沼̦޺Ҳ͸һʪζħԼӵôһɽֹ㣬Ҫʲô֮ѾʧˣңֻһŮӶѣɱҲûá
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˹ȥ벻񣬼Ǿž֮ˣҲ˲ⲢûʲôֵմմϲģΪʱԷģǶ£
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ħȻЩµħϢ̫˲ˣһǰľǿߣ˵ǿˣ˽ѹȣҲеϢѡ
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ħ˳˼Ƭ֮󣬺Ȼȫһɫ䣬һ˲䣬·𿴼ʲôµһȫס
״üһȻ֪Щʲôһž֮˺µģǻʲôڣ׷ʵ˵ʲôˡ
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ħɫɷףһ̣·˻һ૵ֻżȻ֮ˣǰ˯û뵽û뵽ˡ
˴Ȼ̧ͷһɽӣ֮ôǿҲһ̵ѹûܹ롭
˵ţҲü֮֮ǰ˵ˣΣǰ˯һءʲôˣ˿£
֮⣬Ǹղ۱һ˲䣬ȷʵӦˣĳһδ֪һʶϣֻһţͺǴͨʱһȴʮֲĸо


1450 
˿̣˳˼Ҳε飬ԶԶһʼΪϹȴֵ֪Ϲ֮۵ķӡͻȻֶôһصĴڣƺԽԽˡ
ǹɽ绹ħԨղ֪Ѿ˶ˣֻϹ֮۵һССѣҲֻζԼˡ
Ϲ֮ڣµ˶֪óȻᾪˣε飬б䡣
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ʱ֪ǰˣǸСӺҲͲôľˣֻû뵽˾µħ֮
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˿̣ħɫСӱΪԲ壬û˶µħʱסԷˣ˿㣬ں
תȥȰ㣬ǲҪ̫뷨
㡭ħһͣѵСӻɣԼʲôҲ֪
ٿתɽζȥղŻħ˵Щ˵ˣζϹ֮һµĴڣʱϾǲ֪һ㡣
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һšŦ֣ħɫ΢΢һ䣬漴ɫصؿҪȥ
ǲȻء
ħɫٴα˱䣬Ƭֲ̣ýô˽Ϲۣ֮ԭ롭
һ̣ȻʲôҲʮ֣ˣ˵Ϲ֮۵ŦԻ࡯Ǻ޴׷ݣϹ֮۵ŦһӡϹ֮۵й©ȥ
ô˵ţȫ϶ˣ˵һҲûдɽն˼磬ڱգϹ֮ۻħԨǱߣȻҲǱͬ뷨뽫ħԨ
ǹɽ绹ħԨһ㶼ʮ˽һࡱӡ򿪣ôķӡҲɶʱ칥˼䣬ضһͿ̿ﲻ̡
ΣҪֹɽħԨ˴ӡ
Ȼˡ
ͻȻ䣬ħɫЩˣ˵ˣҲȥķӡɣɽħԨǧ꣬񣬺Ǻǣӡ
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ܡ
ħնصЩˣ֪ĿֲﵽѺۺ󣬻Ϲޣž֮ȥѣ֮ȥǻ档
˵֮Ȼ֪Ϲ֮۵Ŧڣض֣ɹɽħԨȺҲǵ֮ձضа취ȥģһ㣬оϹ
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ȥֻȡĻʶ䣬ȥˡ
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ħָһ󣬱ΪܹȰû뵽Ͳִ򲻹ô죿ɲȥֲֿĵط
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ʱζɽصǻڸҲòȥɡ
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û˵֮УȻ⣬ħѾͷãȥȥ˿ɱûѡ

һº࣬Ƭʮ֮Զǵһܱȡ
Ϊע⣬֮ǰѾµħˣʱƬʱܵһƵħϢ
ȥֻҲһɫʯһЩƵĹǰĳζ˵죬ڰϡ
ھϹ֮գǷ죬ߵȥħڣŻħڣҪһЩʹΪѷǵɱȣȥħڣҲҵġ
ǰƬŵ򣬻ħҲȻеһ˵ıо˵ǰˣҪȥͽȥɣҲȥˡ
ħ·УȷȥôƬϹż֪ж챦ؼҵˣδҲϧ
Ǻǡ
ôһ˵ħЦһСëӼö࣬⻰ңδҲԵÿЦ˰ɡ
ˣȴⲻΪġħסһ֮Ѱǧ֮תߣҲȥһۣδҲȷʵЩϧˡ
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ǰ桭
ߣȥ
ȥϢһǾ͸ķȥˣħüĽʱҲǣҲǣջһҧǰȥˡ


1451 
ǰһ֮䣬ܹܵϢˣ⸽ɽҡضֹϻʱʱ⴫ȻΪ֮ǰ涷
Ƭ֮ǰζͻħһʯ棬ʶ̽ȥֻʯһߣȻۼ˲ˣ˫ʱŲ£ħԨ͹ɽˡ
ħԨǱߣһ׷ߣο࣬Ŀ磬ɫ쳣üһϺɫħӡֻһۣ˵Ĳ֮С
ߵ֮ǰħɽһŮŮʮޣеһ£ǻˣôǶ˵ʦҲħԨġ桱ˡ
Щ⣬ħԨǱߴŻŽǧߣڹɽߣҪһЩѾ̤žߣ˼һ𣬶ԸĶԵʮֳһˣѾˡ
һĻζƽˮһ˿·һжƽˣ治˵ǶǿߣɼȻܹħԨĵطһҲһ֮ˣƽӣЩ֡
뵽ʧһ£ȥʲôʹȥɲˣϵϢ֪ǴʲôһԽԽ͸ĸо
򵢸ãħԨ͹ɽˣѾˡ֮ʱζͻȻһ
š΢΢ͷʶøϸһ£ȴ˻档
˭
һҪܿԷʶȴȻһ˲䣬һɼǿָ
ģ
ͬʱһԾ顱һʯһ±ָ÷飬ʯҷɣʱﳾʮ
Сôĵӡ
Ŀ˪ֻ·صɱɸղȷʵʶӣʶˣǼɻ䣬Ǵ֮䡣
ۼԷɱ䣬ħһ˵ǰĪҪᣬֻǸպ·˵أ˴д򶷣óȻǰʶȿ̽һо֮ǰ֡
ħϹ֮۶꣬ܺĵǰΪԻԶڹӵ֮ϣĪҪͻΪá
ʦҼˡ
ʱӺŮĿֱζϣ˵ζ֮ǰ棬˵׷ɱû뵽Ҳ
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һʱ쳣ҲϾȥ׷Ǽˣʱǰ𵴴ķüѵǣѾͨķӡˡ
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ʲôͻȻһ죬һӰٿر㳯Զץȥ
һÿ磬ħ׼ϾҲоžΪڻֵ˲䣬һչ˲Ƴ߰룬ܿ˶ԷһӰ
ζվԭزȥûзӦƵģȷӦʱѾһ±ץ˹ȥ
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ⷽԲǧ͵ƵϣɾȻһֲ
ΪǵɾԱ⣿֮ϮֻһӲǽ֮ɢˣѺĻָһ󣬱գǿг˳ȥ
ԼʱڳƬ򣬻ζһɽϣʱŷ֣ĵȫˣǸղ̫ҵԵʣҲ޷ͽı£Ҳ뵣ġ
ζˣʱԽע⣬ղűܣѣȴʼգֳκεĻңһ仰Ҳû˵Ѱ֮ˣ򶨴ݣ
˿̣ڶϴִɻڿʵʲôˣΪڴˣ
˵ʱ˫Ŀ磬ĿͣϣɫҪ˵˵
ʱƵĿⶢţǱֵʮ򶨣ֻˣǰ֮ע⣬ֻãǰħץ˵ضѡ
Ŷ
Ŀһɨζϣ֮ǰΪα˵׷ɱ
ζҲͬ򶨲ңɫ糣ɽײ˵ˣ˵ʲôҪ򿪷ӡЩ˱һ·׷Ҳš

֮󣬻ͷһЦĿ⣬ȴһ±øˣһ磬һãϵϢȴȫͬ˼
˭˵ãһҪʦͬţͬĹˡ
ãá
˫Ŀһһ̣ȻͳࣺǸ棬涨ȥǻȪ·ϣһԺá
ҡ˵
ߣ
һʱĺɫֻǰɽһƬ͸һ˵ĹϢ
̲ѰߣЩôȻöڻȥδɨˣһΣʹȥʶʶ棬ߣ
˵գֻһ죬סζ˫һţǰƬĺɫɽȥ


1452 ɽʯ
֮洦գйŴ޳ûΪʮ֮ߣԶǹЩ˿ɱȣӸղһ·س㲻ѿ
ʹգҲƽأһЩɽޣŵϢ󣬶ŵöɽﲻҳߣǸǲ·
ʱգζ֮ղԸղڻץʱħ˳ȥȴһȻǹöԷܡ
лһִǰģôҲܺùԼȥɣ
չ󣬻˵ľѾ࣬ܶطѲŶߣһհʱǰߺȻ춯Ŀ⣬ʱӦǰžֵϢ˵һЩھʹȥɱˡ
ζһۣħԨĴħͷҪɱˡ
ߣ
ûʱʲôһ죬ץŶ˱ǰɽ֮ȥ
һɽֻӰ´£ڲʲô󷨣ʱЩˣ֮ǰžֱˣʱҲһ۽˳
ǻ֡
žʱ˷䱸Ȼ˵Ϊ棬⡣

ֻͷһЦͷ׷裬̬˿δ˷
ʱĿһ䣬ָɽľžߵСΪڴ˲󷨣סϷٳȥ󷨣˿޶겻ףҷһ·ȥաȡճɡ
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ڳʦʦ壬ʱŵӣǲ֪ǰλ˭һŭڵЩħˣҪɽ磬ʦʦҪ񣡡

ŭ治ŭЦתζָָˣƼûͽţ»ȫһȺͰãǲԶˡ
б¾վôߣŻ˭
ǰλѾ̤žʦɽЩŵӻڽҲ޹֣û棬ҲûʶɽħԨһսĲң֪ǰλֶж£
žߣʱɫȻ̤˾žҲǹɽǿˣɱоŮЩһǿߣǻһξ룬ǰ棬˵ҲǺоŮЩһġ
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ͷһЦ䣬˲䳯ɽȥǿϢʱһһЩӳܲסֱӱƵȥʱѪӿֹ
󣡡
״ž߼æǷӦڲ󷨣ֻΧȴУʯͷѸٷ
ЩʯͷⲼãⲼõĻûκЧһָܵƣɴʱ֮ЩʯͷţҪһָƣûôˡ
ܿ죬мʯѲ㽫Χе𽻼ӣ֮ǿѰ֮һ£ҲˣƬ̣лΪѪˮ

ͷһЦʲôû󷨻Ų±УҲǿƳȥ
ƾ⼸ʯͷҲס棿
ֻһ̧һƷͳ¡һʱʯûҷ𣬶⼸ŵЩӣҲһҲѪ˳ȥ֪
λž߼״֪ʯסˣʱҲٶԣŷȥ
˫һƷͬСɣܻΪžߵΪҲ͵ȥʯ󣬴ʱǿס
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ζʱֹˮ֪ʲôһŻɽľž߶һɽħԨôǿߣЩܣͨ죬ǵϮ֮ʱȴֻԱ㲻ǿߡ
Ƭ֮󣬹ɽ˲ٵӣžֹ£һʱҲͻ󷨡
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Щ˶ԣǧ˼ɽ˥ˣ˼˱ʣɽЩνǿߣһȴֻԱЩˣûʲôøС
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Ƭ֮ɽʮʯһ󷨣淨ǿŻΪǿдĻֻûҷ³
ǰĿһѸ׼ʮŵı任λֻܹһˡ
˵ζ˺һЩô֮˵ʱζȴǰ󷨵һɽʱʦ̹֮˴󷨣ǽɽʯľ֮ɣľƳ˺һЩ˵㡣
Ŵԣһ£⻰ôоЩϤζת˿Լ˵ҿɲãǸãҪ
ǡСһЩ
ЩĪģ˵ȥɶڹȣҲ֪ûԼ뿪ʱӹһ·׷Щζӳ¡
ζҲ˫΢һӡв֪˼ʲôֻϣʱһ̹â𣬸űɽܵѸ˹
տʼЩʯͷʱЩ˳ȥģζ£ܿ죬ʮʯͷˡ£ʮʯͷһƿλã󷨷Ĺâʱȥ
գֻһɨ䡱һʮʯҷ˳ȥʱƿ
ǰǰ󣬲ʱ䣬ǻѰ֮ˣ˵ʱ䣬һһҹҲƲ󷨡

űƵ󷨣ֿ˿ζҲδܹôƳ󷨡
ʱƳȻһͨͨǰҲȻˣһʧɽ


1453 ˫
֮ζһƬߵɽ룬ܼžˣǰһʯͬʱһԼԼ֮
ķӡӦǰ治Զˡ
ǰһƬζ˵˽Ϲۣ֮Ҳˡ
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ʱƺҲµ˵ʲôڵ˵ķӡ

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ʵѷǵɱȣΪֻҪ̤ʥ֮󣬱ܲõ࣬ڿиӣʵԶԶӵһ㡭һ㣬жߣ
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˴ʱţֱ䵽ǰζſڵҶˣȺǰǰӦû˰ɣ

ԣͷһЦĿϣңƾˣ
˴Ȼǰȥһǰߡ֣ˣߣ˵գһ죬ˣǰ߷ȥ

һɽ˴Щ쳣䵽һɽϣǰߺȻжֻ߷˹ȥһš
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Լмٸˣʱǻ棬һܿһָķ򣬼ơоǰ棬˺öˣѪħǰҲˡ
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һأһ±ˣ֮ǰ̬֮омֱ֪һЩѪħϹҲ
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룬Ӧǻ⸽ˣȥҵѪħϹ˵ԲߣڹɽǱռȻħԨҪжֻᱻơ
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ħԨ͹ɽطǧݣαȻһսֻ֪ŮǷҲѾ⸽ϾҲǹ˰˷֮һ
¿ħԨȻҲǿߣĿǰȫһɢɳƹɽǰ㾮Ȼǰռ˸طľƣһ¹˭֣δ֪


1454 Ѫħ
ħԨЩ˲δζһСʵǰǡ
沢δ̻شĿζϣǲ£͸
һΣûдˣ˵˿һۣҲϡ
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Ƭ̣ת򶴿ζ˿˵ҵûôע⡣
ߣע⣬ȫͽˣܿһֱŸˣҲգҽоץŵԪ
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1455 ζ
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1456 ҹ
˶һۣԥȥϵϢղɽȥˡ
ڹɽǱʵ̫ǿоǿߣħԨ߱׻ĻʱֹЩ˴ӡڣҪֻħԨƺ˶ѣҪħԨ
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˵Ųħɷ赲˹ɽ߲Ų׷ħɷʴȻС
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Ѫħֲɱ֣ŵԱߵĵӣҲɪɪ
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˿̣濴ˣĿ΢ȷ˾ǹ˵ˣ־ʲôĿģϹۣ֮
ɣҲټװֱԵҪֹ˴ķӡ


1457 
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Ŵԣ浹Щ죬ȥҲ˵ѣҪħԨֹǡҪң˵ø𣿡
˿̣˶ϢˣѪħҲ񲻶ˣһſʵ㾿Ǻˡ
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Ŀһ΢΢ףδ˵ʲôѪħ棬һұԣʲô
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ȻһΣħԨ͹ɽ֮һ֮󣬴˶ˣɻ桢Ѫħ桢嶾ʥ歶ǿߴ죬˱·ɽЩڵɽȥˡ
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1458 ֮
֮ڣ
ֲǴǳ꣬յԨԭΡɽͻȻֹϱ
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˵ԣԣʮּ࣬Ҳвͬʱˣ棬ǲǰǿߣ
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ԽԽˣ⸽Ǳһ֮ˣ˽ԱУܹٷɳȥЩͼɳƬɽȻȴϵ֮һ˲˺÷顣
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ֻϣͻȻ˴ССѺۣڳĸˣħԨˣǹɽˣ޲ľҲ޷ߣھֻܵһվ
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һоԣоʱʲôƬ֮󣬺Ȼɫһ䣺֮£д䡣
Ŵԣһ˵ʲôֻԭգȻ֮䣬ƣգӿݣʲôԶŴħҪգ
һĻʵŵ˲ˣ˵ɽЩߴδ˿µĳǳħԨߣδħһĻ
صħ
ɽͻȻңʱȻܹܵյӿħղǸǸ
һɲǣȻ뵽ڶµļǿֲһĻƺƷΪյħ֣ѵ
ʱҲȷʱԽԽˣطѾѺۣζʹ̨ҲƲסˡ
ڣûã⸽ȫˣʹζȥҲûãΪ棬Ҳˡ
֮ͨҲձΪһձһУ˲
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ɽȽԱˣҵ֮Уһ˲ʩչҪץסζһ̫죬Ӧζѱһ֮Ѻ֮У
ζѺ۵һ˲䣬ͬδܶ㿪˿ֲձѾ̤뷽֮˭Ҳѡ
һ˲䣬㱻һѺ֮У׹ԨӶϢͬʱ֫ٺҲҪ˺һ㣬ˣʶģˡ

ӣѡľͷѣ
ԺУδǰӢͷ׵ͥԺδ봩һѩ׵ȹӣߡ
δ롭δ룡
һ½סˣܰ㣬ֱۣζƣһжôʵʵʹ֪ξҲԸ֡
ľͷôѽ
˿̵δ룬ģɶˣЩ˵ģȻеһᣬ۽Ҳˮԭ֪Ѿ뿪δôˡ
δ룬ҵɽ¶ˣɶڣһҪҵϹܾ㣬ңһһģҲһҵķ
ɵϣ˵ʲôҲǺúõ𡭡
δϸȥ۽ǵˮǰߵԺȥҰѰٻδȫֲ
δ룬ȵȡ
׷һȴʵδܵԽԽ죬ԽԽԶ֪ΪΣһȻһ£ЩĪţδ룬ȵң̫ˣδ롭δ룡
գĻҲӰˣ磬ûгֹ
δ롭δ롭δ룡
żĴѰңͥԺĻҲһƬһƬлˣ̫ˣ·ʱȥ̫ˣδȲˣͥԺĻҲȲˡ
δ롭δ룡
ڴˣһɲǣȴеȫӲǳ˯˺ܾһһʹ֮Уһ˹
ֻϣ֣һɫ棬ԭδϵ棬˫֣ᱧһ
δ롭
ʹѣһ̸״ղһĻһȻʧĸоδ벻ˣֻʣͥԺήδ뻨֪ΪΣһļµĸо
ֱãɲĸоʧ֮ģȴһ֮С
վʱһʯ֮ϣܣû죬ûеأҲûǳǺɳ֮ʱһƬ棬ֻ޾ıš
ɾһֱţȴһ˿Ϣһ˿Ϣԣһӡ
Իһһ硣
ѵ
ͻȻ˸飬棿һƬȴһϢ
һϢԺδ
ĿԶƬУԼԼһ㣬Ǿǳһ΢ĹâһƬеϢǴﴫ
Ǹ㣬ѵ֮ģ


1459 Ƭ
Ϲۣ֮գһλ㾡֮۳һ磬磬δüȫΡ㡰ˡ
Ϲ֮ţطһƬ翵ûܹȥʱһϢһϢ֮
ѵĵķӡ
ʱɫϸϸ˼⣬ֻղıˣ䵽ˣֻ֮ǿ£׺δػֻҲҪش
ζأȴκ˵Ӱղɽȱһ˲䣬ζҲ֮Ѻ̫ѪػӦҲû°ɡ
ˣ棬оħԨ͹ɽЩˣ֪˺δڣҪ뿪ĿĵأǰǸ㡣
Ǹ㣬ȻʱüǾ룬һԶϵǳһڸղŰŪǸħű֮ͻħ֮ǰ˵ǸֲˣòҲɣ
ڣûʱȥ̫࣬뾡ǰȥǸ㴦оЩ˵ΪԶ֮ϣޱ߻˲ϢҲ䵽ˣôضȥ֮ģһЩ˴򿪷ӡˣʱҪֹҲˡ
ʱ廹Щʹûд󰭣ħ̨ħ֮٣룬ǰħ֮ûôĿǰ̫ʥ֮
׼úԥ˫һţǰߵĹȥƬоʯˣǿţʱЩʯЪϢټ
ȥգȻûҹֻ֣֮Ǵʱ䣬Ҳ֮ǰǰǹȻüȴңϵǳһЩѽٶ죬Ŀǰȴ˿ûпһ
ûйϵ棬ȻһƬ򣬵ȴ֪ΪŨŨȫصݽߡ
ȥһʱ䣬֪ʱ䣬ǷҲһţ񵱳ħڣʮָħĽһʵģʱ䣬ȴûš
ﲢǵʮָħµĽʱţӦǺһ
һգǰĹڽһЩǰ߲ԶȴһһƵɽ֮϶ɽ籩
Щɽ籩ʮֲֿԭΪֻɽ֮϶Уû뵽ģҲɽ籩
֪䵽ʲôطҲطûЩɽ籩·ֻպãöѡ
ǲ˿취Ƭɽ籩̼ǵõɽ֮϶棬ɽ籩ˣȥҵµħҲֻнöµħܴһɽ籩ˡ
ҪƾԼƬɽ籩оΪȻǿɱϾΪԶЩˡ
ǰһЩɽ籩Լһ´˼⼰ˣԥһ壬ɽ籩ȥ
Щɽ籩ʮԻһأЩɽ籩ȥٴȥս֮ʱټȻʮֲֿɱҲǿȻоǿߣҲضɵ֡
ϧĿǰûа취ԼһأΪԪӤ޷بһĺԪӤӤ޷۳ԼһС硣
ɽ籩ǰɽ籩ԽԽˣС򼴱׺δػЩ籩֮УҲش
Լʱ֪˶Զ룬ǰɽǻһɽ籩ҲԴһʵѾǿࡣ
ټǰɽ籩ĿֲԹټðˣʱóµħƾԼѾȥǰķ籩ˡ
ءء
ʱȻеͳҰĿһЩɽ籩ķ϶߳ޣȺһΧסˡ
Щޣе峤еɳ쳣Ӵ󣬶һһĵϸɭȻĿ¶׹⣬ȥʮֿ¡
Щ
ʶһû뵽Ƭջ˶ϹޣЩ޿Ѱ൱ڷϵĿʵЩӴޣǿ
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Ȼ֮䣬ЩϹ޳һʱ䣬𵴣һɿֲϢֱѹ
Щʮϰɽ籩Ҵ⣬һ˲ȡ˶µħһ˲˽ȥ
飡
һƽͷ˳ȥʣµޣʱ͸ħ֮òȥ
ЩбѪϹޣҲẦ¶µϢ⵹֮Уǰ滹ʲôǾ˵ˣҪģǵһյʶ
Լ֮ڴƬɽ籩ʱҲǰǹԽԽˣ֪⸽ʲôΣմڣûнµħ𣬶һʼûκˣҲûҵζϢ
һ·֪˶ãǰһΡɽ壬ɽ֮ϣǿϢ
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Ŀһȥ˶µϢһʼûмκһˣڿô
ʱɽԽԽˣҲľʯڲΣǰϢȴ֪˭˲óȻʶ̽ȥ
ȵһЩʱſ壬ԭɽϵˣǻо˸ղƺһ𣬲һ£ΪϵϢѾЩİˣ
˿̣Ϣţδ׹ʧȥȫʶʱȻãһжЩ򵥡
ֻо㻹ȥôˣѾˣǰɽ˶ûӳȥٴȥк棿
ʱоУȻƮƮȾ쳾ˣ˲˵棬õǿƬ

ͷһЦһ˲䣬ĿҲʮˣԭоҪƬ˵ˡ
δ䣬Ȼһ̧ƣжʱһɺɫ磬͵سоϮȥ
оһΪߣʱ˫һ㣬ݷɰɣָһһâɳ䡱һһһâײһ𣬵ʱ÷Բʮһ
ʱȴûȥ˴μңԺ棬ظղŻǾ仰ɽǰ˶ˣѾȥˡ
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һ̣ͻȻеЩͷĿѣôֻ꣬һ°ôһ¾ͱˣ
δ룬δ롭
ԭһУô
ͻȻ֮䣬ĿǴ̽һҪ˻ʹǺ棬ȴκһ


1460 ζϢ
ԶɽϣоͻսףȴȫȻδһԺ棬һĻһĻֳָ֮ʱξһС
δܽһǻͥԺ׷˽ȥȴҲԷӰԺӵĻҲȻлˡ
δ룬δ롭
һ̣飬ôѾȥꣿѵԼ
Ϊʲôμһξѵδ룬Ĳô
ܣܡ
ҡͷʹԼѣվֻΣʵΪһ̸μδ룬ֻԼ̫ˣοξ棬绨úõģôܳ£

Ȼ䣬еͷʹѣڣԶµħֵģΪξͷʹѣ
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Ƭ̺ղŻоսĵطֻǽһƬղţоҪһʲôƬ
Ƭ
⸽ĿĵսۼʲôƬֵƴࣿ
뵽Լһ棬Īȥ꣬пܱꡭǾʲô
ζأζǷҲǰ棬᲻ҲʲôƬ
һ̣ͻȻеЩãȻ֪ҪʲôԭǳǹȥģڿȥˣĻоôܻ
ǽӦȥʲôӦȥ
ʱ˿̣ͻȻЩãѣȻһѾѹĸо
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̼ǵõڹȣԼӦɶһܿͻȥһ£͹ȥ꣬ɶ
Ժ棬һĻһĻֻ뿪죬ɶһ·׷˳ÿÿɶ׷ܵģ顣
һȥЩ£֮ǾŪ쾿ʲô£ꡭ־ʲô
ǰѾԼԼɽ֣ЩɽƬһҲƶλãղоͻ治֪ȥˣֻǰȥ

֮һɽϣȻֻ£˲̤նĸģߣһͷϡձߣڿ˵ʲô
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ʡʡ㣬˼һѵûһɨ˲ȡƲ׼Ѫûüһغˣô벽Ƶĺ󳾣
ֻ˵˵ѡ
ȵȣǰˣ
ֱ߽ˣ˲ŷмͷϡձʱȵСӣվסʲʲʲʲ
ձ߻δ˵꣬һ¿ģͬʱܵ˶ԷɿµħϢʱŵûҲ´ʲ塣
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֮˳˼Ȼģ꣬ѾȥˣԼ֪ΪΣѵ׹䵽˺˶һĵطȥ
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üͷһ壬˲һ£ձæ˵ǰ𼱣һŽ磬ˣƬÿһƬ۳һԪӤƵƬõһƬܽ˵ԭ硭
˴鶼˷ǿӵձߣ˵ƬԵΪ˷ܣһʱϲǰ밡յŽ磬ŶܣŶʧϹ汦͵伮鵤ҩޣԴԴһԼģԼһС磿
֮ˣΪ֮ǰоôԭϹƬԭŽ磬ֻǺǱ£ԭĹŽ磿
˼˷ŵǰĪҲŽƬȤ
û˵ֻԶֵɽ壬벻ѾȴһʼҶᣬоʥˣҲ⡣
˳ԣ̰š
һʵղ˵иСһƬǿ֪С˭òΣ
ӴСǿˡ
˵СӣձһǿӣϲСӿýȻһȥĶһˣӲκˣ书ǳ֮ߣ书ߣҲƲа˾Ϊȴһ¾ȡƾžΪŵӰΧȴǽˣ˲
书
һѵζȻҲǰˣҲһŽƬ

ձ˵С书黯ͨ¡ˣ»̤һ̨ʮ˵ãƾ˰Χ£̨ߵġ
黯̨ͨ
һһȷˣζȻˣֻΪҲҪϹƬ


1461 Ƭ
ʱҲźһϸ۲仯ʱȻҲǴǹŽƬܲᡭǴСӰɣ
һձֿ߲ڵȻСƾϾΪ֮ϣҲЩˣӵһΪç塯ĵطǳçܻɽؽƣƾ׷ȥʱƲǳçĽƣǱСӽɽľ֮˲ˡ

һ̣ɫͻȻʮˣձ߱ʱһæֵ̧ǰ֤ղС϶˵ʵްԣС书ߣɱƲ죬ƾôһܣضҪɱȻ˳ç壬ƾˣ⼸λȥɱֻҪçĽһƣǲӡ
˵꣬Ŀ⽥˴ʱģ˵ѣô˵һСˡ
ֻƾ磬ܱǲ٣ɸģȴζǸŽƬɣ
ʱˣձ߲ΡΡǰǰǻʲôҪʵģ
عƾ磬ʲôˣ
ƾ磬ýǰǧĪҪСơ
ձ߿ڣһ˽ӹСŵǧǧһ˵ƾ磬ǱˣƼ֮Ϲۣ֮ΪħԨҲΪɽ磬ȴΪƼѰһû뵽Ҳ䵽طˡ
ձ߽ŵƼҼҴƴ󣬹ҲҪӣƼƼҵˣǶߣˣСӼңȴûκι˼ɣһ¾Ʋɱˡ
˵֮ˣǴ֮ζϵɱƺ࣬ôأҲԵ޹ɱˣضƵ
һοϸ鷳ˣƼҵʵԶڵǷ֮ϣڳç壬ΣգԼ뾡Ϲȥ
˼⼰ˣǰ˿ȥ˵̴ȥç塣

һҪȥç壬˾ǻһƾѾȥΧɱСˣʱɲҹȥĲ˵һԷõϹƬҪɱô죿
ô𣿡
һĿ˵ʱںһæҡֵû⣬û⣬ǰȥç塭
ձ߽ŵǳç˴Լ֮ңֻҪ;вʣĪһЩ·ޣҲý
·ԣǴ·뾡ȥç壬ٿ䡣

çɽƣΡΡȺ壬˴ѲǺһƬɽвľǣżϹޱߡ
çλģ滷ɽؽƣѰ֮ԽóȻ׶༪١
ʱڳçɽ۴һֻĹǶ棬ϥһŮӣŮվǣ̨ӣȾǱˣζ
Աǰòûκα仯ֻ֮УԶһɱϵϢҲࡣ
ʱǰһöˮ·ߵԪӤˮ֮Уֻɽ续ޱ䣬һʵ硣
Ȼһöˮ֮ǰõǸƬ̲ԴԴ޾ֻϧкܹԭ磿мˣܹһܡ
ζһʱ䣬Ҳûκͷ֪ĿǰΪ޿ܽƬԭһ磬뷽ֶ֮ͨ졣
ƬĿȴЩ̫һ˾Ҫνԭ磬ʱҪ֪ܡ
Ŷ飬ص壬ȫ伣̫ϣ䶦ʢ˶ȴֻ޾Ĵ˵
ӵ̫һѪҪ֪еܣҪҳ̫ϵܣҪҳ̫ܣҲҪҳܡ
һѾʧˣ伮ɹ̫ϵļأֻʶѡ
ڣԴһ棬ҳйصܣҲĲŹڵ顣
ǰңҲֹһλ֮ˣλͨ쳹صı죬ȴǰʧˣûκ
ζõƬѾһˣɵڣƾ龫ǣҲҳƬܣʶ̽죬ʼԿһ
ĪǣһҪƬûȥүү뼸λϲô
ʱüҪʱ뿪˶Ҳ⡭
ϸϸģѾȥͷˣÿ죬ھɱѪҷɾ衣
֮ǰδнյѾӦ淨򡭡նݳǵһ
ڶκʱ򣬶κ֮ģ
򣬷Լ޹֮£֣Ǽȣ
ǲƲ¶
һɲǣһ˿ɱΪһоˣç棬ѾߣѾ̤žǿߡ


1462 
ζöϹƬ̤žǿߣ⿪Ѫӡ̫ȫˣĿǰΪܶԸ
ϢԽԽˣ֪ƾĿʲôƲ챨Ȼû˸õģöϹƬ
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ʱȻһ𵴣ȻЩˣѾʼƿçĽˡ
ӵɽǻԵɺûƣֽɽľ֮ʹƱøǿŽƾЩ˵ֵ⣬žĸǰƶŲסˡ
ʱ棬Լ߰˰ˣ°׷ӣƼμƾ硣
ɫۣ÷İ׷ߣľž֣ˣұǸµ꣬׼Ҽ죬ΪͬѾ̤ھž
ЩԭǼٳ߶ƽҲټǣƾڣħɽ춯ЩѾ̤ھžǿߣǰһ̽Ϲۣ֮ձ档
ʱƾǳçϣ𽥱ҲһɺɱʹʱЩӣĪеһľ
ʱɱӣ˫Ŀһ˵㲻֮ǰ˵ĻɣŽƬ
ıǡ
ƾ˫һǳçϲ˵˴סŮӣŽƬĳλ֣ͬʱһݴ񣬸λ
⣬Ҿͷˡ
Ŀ⣬ǳçȥ˵ɽľ֮󣬼ӹ̴˴ƣŮģҲϧôˡ
ˣĻź˵ɣȽĽȥ˵
ʱǰ̤һǳçϵ󷨣һɨһɫ˲伤˹ȥ飡ȴһ죬Χɽһǳçϵ󷨣ȴ˿
š
Ŀһ΢΢룬ղһ£ֻ̽˿̿ŮȷʵЩ£ܹڳçϲľ֮
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ǰ˿˵˴󷨣ҪĴ֣ڲһˣûϵ˺һ㡣
ԣƾĿ⣬Ǽ˵ˣȫȥ棬Ժ󡣡
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Ǽ˾Ȼʱç嶫ȥʱƾعͷ˵棬ȥ棬ĳȥ档
š΢΢ͷ˵⣬ʮʱ֮ڣܹƴ󡣡
Աϣ˽ԲԥѸȥԵķλʼ۹λžֺǵУ
ټǼˣһʱ䣬ԲʮضɽҡֱֹøҰޣĴӡ
ԼʱçĽɶˣʱԶɽ棬ֻǼɽ棬֪ʱˡ
ȥÿɽ棬ǧˣЩ˹ӣȴ֪Ǹʲôġ
ʱç棬һӰ˳ƮƮ̨̤һƣζ
ԶЩɽŵ˾һһ̣ĿƵģҲƿˡ
֮ǰ˵λƲҲɱŮӣֻôҲû뵽ʱһԷ˳ɽˮ֮񣬽ֻһۣԲѡ
ڿϳô
ʱɱܵܵĳ˳ƾϵɱһ±øˣһ֮ƽ¶صɱһãã֮غ󣬱Ա㱩¶ˡ
벻ֻΪһˣλž֣δҲ̫Ƶˡ
Դʱ̤žǿߣζվ̨ϣϾȫȻ䣬ɫ·˿δʱžǿ߷һԶŵЩ˼˶΢΢һ
˴ʱ룬ԭŮɱƾǵܵܣԭ֮ǰǻ룬һŮӣԺ޹˼ɵɱƲ졣
ʱԷݲȵӺһ±ȻˣһˣɱƲҲûʲôֵġ
ƾʱ˵Ȼӣһ±øӱˣɱҰܣգɡ䣬˫һɫȥʱһ
ζһɨһӰס󷨣˵˵ǵܵô˷һ֣Ҳ֣֮ˣк𡣡
ԭһգƲ첻öϹƬҵζò󣬾Ȼɫ⣬˲öͷɥȪ

ƾɱأһž֮ͬСɣһɲǣɽ嶼Ҳ
ζҲͬʾһɨдɽľ֮˲һȹס󷨡
˼״˵ƶڴ˷Ȱһ䣬ǰְɣڴˣҲӲģ˵˵Եɣܹȡ
ʱص죬ɱģȻһҲ
ζ䣬˵ʱĿƾϣȻƾ֮žžΪɵƾˣס̫Ѫˣп
ԶҲһû뵽˶ƾ˵οѾ̤žĸ֣˱£ܹһ


1463 
һҲãõúܡ
ƾɱһ±øŨˣ䣬ٶԣֻƴ˫һɫӡȻ֣һǳçĽƴȥ¡һʱӿɽ
ԶЩɽ˾һ֮һСں˵ǿ
˺˼״Ҳԥ׷ʹԵͨѧһʱӿ𵴣ȻǲԶЩˣʱҲ̸Ϣ
ڳç棬ζ˵Ĺƣȴأ򶨲ңзɨһâɳʱɽľ֮ȹ
ȥԼһʱ䣬ζܽ⼸ɽϵľ֮磬ֵĹȴ˿δçϣľǣϾɽ磬ľ֮ٶ࣬Ҳ֮ʱѾ̤ھ֮գԪɳ档
һ֮çϵľ֮𽥼󷨹âҲȥĽƣ˲Ϲ£һ١
ζüܵ죬ҲûĶԪȴΪߣһҲѶԸοǰһ
ȫƺ⿪Ѫӡٶ̫һٻͷˡ
䣡
˼Բ֮ʣһ촫ֻɽ󷨹âȻȴһѾˡ
˼ҵĹ£ֻ໹֧Űʱζϣһ֮ȻһöӲӵһŨŨϹϢʱɢ
ϹƬ
˽ԿöƬһʱס˺˺ˣĿһƬ棬ϵĹƣҲ֪ͣ
ζϹƬɫʮִݣҪģ޷ŽƬƬ˳
ʱʯٵӣ˺ϹȻһ˿ɫԶɽЩˣҲͬ⣬һ鶼ýһϹƬ
Ψƾʱɱƾı£ҪȥŽƬ棡
Ŵԣ˺ʱӦ˹ˣϹƬһ㣿ŮӱҪʯҲûа취ͷԪ֮ûܻȥŽƬ
˵޷֮ȥˣĸܹȥϹɵƬǷ֮ˣܡ
뵽˴˺漴Ȱһ䣬ǹԹԽƬɣɱûǲ𣬷ĻΪƾһˣܹ뿪
䣬˹һʱ䣬Բʮ𵴲ݣçĽһһȥʱ˱ضƽ󷨣
ζ޷ȥϹƬʱ򶨲ңѷԶǼɽˣЩ˽ΪζҲʮ
ֻϹƬԶɽλΪϹƬֺβ
һ˺ɫһߣƾȴʼղ˵ΪѲЩˣԷ࣬ȴ޾ž֣ûô⡣
ʱζĻּ󷨿ҪˣЩҲס׷״Ӷŵɽ˳
ѹѹһƬ֮࣬Ȼһ棬ûһ̤žģܹˣǼ֮
ЩߣǵҲͬһˣΪԼµģĵУǲҲڶʳ
ΰ죿
çѾԪȺߣЩȻûоž֣ȴѾ֮ͽοȺ£Ҳûз
һȺС֮ѣ뵣ġ
ƾʱɱ˵ʱųçζ
ߣ
һߣҲԣ˫һһ쾢ֱç巭ӿȥ
ʱȺߣһְ಻סʼˣɻûȫһһɽâӡֱȥ¡һʱжʮ߱һƬѪ
˭ԣ
һȣһ±㽫Щסˣ˱˴˶һۣϾɫڣĬĬȥΪԼ£ȴԼģղǶʮˣһ˲ͱԷˣͷû£žǿߣǶԣǺεȿֲ˿̣ٸ
ۼȺ߲ζüΪ֮ƣֻڵȻƿһ˲䣬ǿ޹̨˵Ľˡ
ƾˣʱܿʲô˽бߣ
ڣ˹˳çĽƣһ˲䣬ζѼ̨ȥƾ׼һ˲䣬ٸŵʱ󷨣
䣡
һ죬ЩŵζһǼ󷨸ոճΣȥһ˲䣬ֱӱˣҲݲһ㣬ҷ˳ȥ
ɼˣٶȻޣζȴδȥǼŵӵķ󣬵ȴģȴһӡΪžֵͨơһ˲䣬㳯ѹ
֮ˣˣζѳȥֻ˲˻ȥⱻ˵Ļס
ɵɻȥʱƾһ˲乥ƾһΪʵǼߣ˿̵ɱҲԶˣݶ˵һƱЯɱζ
飡
һ죬һɽһҺ޹̨ټζ̫ѪʱһɫתϢ˷ǿƾһơ
ƾӲԼһƣȻʵЩϣףΪεܻܵŮˡ
ߣ
ƾһߣת˲֮䣬ɱζֻü࿹̤֮ƾȾžڸ֣֮ڣذɣ
ʱ֪ƾ߹ʮУԶЩս¶ɫʵ󲻵ƾ߹ôжܡ
ƾȻҲû뵽Էͨһ书뻯δ̤ž֮ˣһҲӲ£ǰŮӣ߹ôˣ̱Ҫ
Զ˺ߣɼƾһ˾ȻòŮӣٿ䣬Ҳԥһ˲Ҳζȥ
˲֣ζƾһ˫ƾƬ̣ɴʱ˺һ±п಻ȥضʧֱܣ
ڣһ˲䣬ϣ˿ԥʹöϹƬԶЩȥ
һ̫ͻȻ˺δ뵽ŽƬ˳ȥαΪŽƬƬЩЩߣһƬ
Ȼ˱ǹζʽ˻Ҫ˲ϹƬɺȺҪߣʱϹƬоž壬
ȻȺȥϹƬ֮ʱԶȻһӿһ½ˣͬʱһɿֲħ֮ѹһ˲䣬޷
˿ֻһӰ֪ʱֽסζϹƬ˰׷ϹƬһǿϢ֮УʱħӰ˲ʲôˣ


1464 ط
˷ӦһӰ˲ԭʧˣٳʱƾ󣬶ƾһΪߣʹԷٶٿ죬ܲȻɱ
ֻϧת֮ʱԷһƳ飡һ죬ǳޱȣƾֻеȫһһ㣬һѪӿ󵹷˳ȥ
ʦ𣡡
ʦһƱ˴ɳȥضûУԶЩŵӣ޲ǺȻһ
ֱʱȻδܿ壬˾Ǻηʥֻһͷ׷裬ƿϹ֮ˣ
˺ҲڷӦ˹һʱ뵽ֻϹƬһ˲乥˹ȥȻνľžǿߣӰǰҲˡ
飡
һ֮죬˸ûпԷģȻһƣƾһһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ƲԣҪջعƣȴһͬһƣ쵽Ӱ쵽δеľʹʧȥƣ󵹷˳ȥ
һɲǣ˷㾲Զ˶ˣǾʲôˣ̶Ƭ̼䣬Сжѣشλ̤ھžǿߣѵѵ̫ʥ֮ǿߣ

ƾŸ˲Ƽأ֮У׷֮ˣ¾ǺˣҪڴ˲֮¡
šôźô
Ǳƴ겻յԨ´ڳһ¼䣬˺Ϣ
ǵӰ̧ͷˣƾ翴ģ󣬶ʱһϢǶԷü֮ϣһѪĽӡһŲϢ
ʱ˿̣ڳ֮ȫסˣζ֮УҲһ˵壬ĸ֮ɫ
˵ģܴʱԷǶµӣԺ֮УȻظһ仰šţˡš

һ֣еƾˣڻعԣƾһеӶȥˣ˺ҲԥҲ˲仯âͬȥ
ɷ뿪
ζһ޹̨淨һնݳԼκκ󻼣
Ȼ̨֮ʱƾܵûӰˣֻʣԶЩߣЩߴʱӦҲ׷ɢӣҼͣ
ΨԶ˵ĸߣʱߣղһĻǿ̲ţ˾ԭ֮ǰǻƾû뵽˽
ȥ׷ˡ
ûоĲпᣬ˽淨Ҳ֣Ըղţûиһ
㡭
һ̣ζЩ˵ɫҲʮָӣãʳһ仰һ𣿡
ҡ
ǴǰԷض֣ڣζһ˿֮ҲͲˣֻǲ֪꣬澿ʲôϣŻصɱ;ͬʱһİ
һԶ˿ȥ˵߰ɡ
ǣǡ
һ·ʼ㷲ʱڿ뿪ˣ˰ݣԶȥˡ
Χ˺Żعͷζ֪ΪΣʱоǰ֮ˣЩİˡ
ֻ꣬꣬ȥһ¶ѣ·ɽͻֻѣ˹ͬһĻǵ
Ǵ˿̣ζȴЩİˣò˿δ䣬˸ĸоѾǴǰǸˡ
ʲôˣ
Ϊˡ
˱˴˶ӳĬȴͬʱڣȻ˳Ĭһζֵȥҹ㣬ûҵ
˿ֻ̣Ǽ򵥵һ仰ܹõȥԼģž֮ǰԼһɡ
˵û䵽ˣˡζתȥˡ
ʱҲ֪˵գǰѾ˵˳˯䵽ʲôط䱻ĨˣԼҲ֪
Ͼʱϸϸһ֮ʱоȷʵЩŹ֣ôһΧһҲûУɽҲӦú׹䵽λòǡ
ˡ
ȥЩʵڲ̫꣬ЩʲôΪ˶ȥ
ζ˿ҲֻһЩɱɱ飬ʡȥˡ
ϹƬ
öƬоͻ棬Ϊⶫ֡
ֻоͻ棬˶ҪƬȻ֪Ϲ۵ƬʲôãڣûǸ½Ƭԭ硣
ζҲΪϹƬϸղǸԳ֮˵ľž
ʱƬζʵ˱˵أΪβ취뿪
޷뿪
ζҡҡͷûټ˵ȥˣǸʼշ·ԶȴңɼĹ㣬ʵ㿴𣿡
ķȥǸȻ֪ѭǸ㣬Խɽ籩ߵģֻһֱ޷ѵʲô


1465 ħ
ζԶǹ㣬˵Ϲ֮۵ŦҲķӡֻд򿪷ӡͨŻ򿪣ʱ˲ܳȥ
ӡ
ɫһԶֵĹ㣬ʵ֮ǰҲ֮ģҲķӡ
ķӡһ򿪣Ϲ֮۵й©ȥһɽԻԴԴϵӴ˲˼
˵ķӡһ򿪣ôķӡҲɶһķӡ򿪣ʱĺ޷
Ϊʲôǲȥ򿪷ӡ
ʱζ˵ţЩɻ󣬼ȻķӡҲֻнӡ򿪣˲ܳȥΪˣҲȥķӡѵʲôѵ谭
޷ȥ
ζҡҡͷŹķ㻹ǵ֮ǰ֮ͻħ˵ǸӡδȫǼ£гԹȥˣΪٸߣûܹڣѾ˸Ǳȥˡ
˵ţҲ𽥱򿪷ӡ뿪˵صͨ򿪣򿪷ӡǡ
һ̣˳˼ԭΣֹɽħԨӡģڿҪִ򿪷ӡˣ
ⲢʲôѴʹ򿪷ӡֻȴ˴ֺͨ󣬱ӡһҲʲôӰ죬ȻֻõĽ
ڣղζ˵Ϲ֮Ǹֲڣڷӡκ˶ȥǺã
˼ã̧ͷζɽˣ˼ΣԤϡ
ҵȻ֪
ζôܶ˼Įģڣ˶ܹȥ
ֻ취ȥͨˡ
ԶǸ㣬Ѿȥ̫ˣҪ뿪ܲһֱȥʮٳȥѾ췭ظˣ
ʮҲ̫仯ʱÿһ죬ڷž޴仯οꣿ
뿪˼ʱʥǼǿĴڣؼԽԽŨʥ̫ӵˣѲֹ˰ɣ
˼ǿߣԽԽ࣬ЩĹϼ壬Ҳ̳ĺ˻ģǿߣֽ𣬶˼ԽԽǿǰĻԻ͡
һͷ͵Ϩ֮ǰȻôһ˲䣬ҫ۵ĹâȻǱĺڰǵ꣬۵Ǹʱ
뵽˴ǹɲɣ֮УͻȻ֮ƣų棬ȴҲҴңûʲô㲻ġ
ζվһԣʱ飬Ǵ˿̣Զµӳ֣ɣ֮УڶµϣֵøΪŨң쪣죬һͷѩ׵ĳ
һζŵҪȥӡ뼯֮ɹҶˣжµħҲ˵Ķ֡
š
˵ͷҪ취ҵˣ˲оǧˣǧ˲оˣʮ򣬰򡭡Źȥ
ߣ뿪ܷҵǡ
һ˵ţһȥɴʱç棬ͻȻʶȥĶ֪ոطζȴǱϤˡ

ζ̨Ҳٶԣһȥˣ֮һɽϣǰ
ǻħԭҲ䵽ˡ
ζҲЩ˽⣬ǰħħʮ⣬ʱһ±ˡ
š
˵ͷɣζӾͨʱһЩң㣬Ȼǻħ׷ɱܹ׷ɱģǸžڵߡ
ߣȥ
ʱѾµħ棬طޣ⶯ħ֮ǾžߣҲη壬οʱζߡ
һԽɽͷһߣȻӰ߶ǰٶӵĺŮӣǻħں׷ģȴһò죬úľȵձߡ
ձͷϡ裬ϻ˶ޱȣ˿һۣ㲻ٿڶۣΪȷʵͣҲǾžˡ
ٺ٣С˶㻹ӣ
ںԻħ׷ᣬԭǿ˻ħòһò֮ˣֻûħе޾Ķġ
ڣԽԽȴƺδע⵽ζˣڻħɹʱָһһòߴȥ
߾žΪܲͻȻʱһԾܿ˹ȵʲôˣ
ǣǡ
ħôҲû뵽ȻﻹˣˣҲˣٿͬϤ֮ˣʱȻӯĸо
Ŷԭһˡãõúܣ
ò߿ζ󣬸˷ܲѣû뵽һΪ˫СŮǰġ
͹
ﲻ࣬ʱѾöѪ룬ѪҲúǰһˣֻһ˿˿ں֮ƣҲ˺ںɫǸħ֮
Сӣ
òһôСӣҲ˸˵
ǣ߽ϸһЩͣ˽ŲʶˣСϵġѵħ֮üǵħӡѵǡ
һɲǣò߲ȫ˸ħ֮Ǵ˵еħ֮СʲôȻ̤ħ֮
дʱԷö룬ħ֮ƣòǼɵˣȻܹܵóö뿴Ѱȴв


1466 
Сӣʲôˣ
һ̣òԱʮ־棬һСôɵȴһκοƼ򵥵ıɱ
Ҳ淨֮һߣžžΪһʵδ֪Ķ֣οԷʱܹˣΣҲɾ衣
˭Ҫھ뿪
˵ʱ߿һֻۣһۣ޵ɱ߸һֻϣɲɫߵСӣ뻣ңϷ㣬žҲҲ¡ֻûţȴƽ׶
˵ʱǸľаɫĶ͸Ȼ˶ͬСɣɽߣо綾Ҳ޽⡣
ԡ
һɲǣøӱˣеĻѪ룬Ҳ͸һɿµѪϢĲ⾳Ѿ㡰Ҿ˵ž֮ˣ̤̫ʥ֮ˣҲԸκѹȡ
𽥱ñ˫ţò޷̽ʵһЦããǺηС˶Ϸøˣټ
˵գһ˻һŶԶȥˣգ۱㲻Ӱħ֮Ƭ֮Ͼż
ΧعһĻѪ룬һħȥħԼ򶨵ǱǰͷϹſˣԪδָ϶֣
ħԲ٣оžΪħȫʢʱڣղòߣоžڵΪҲδؼʲôá
˿ʱɫȷʵЩãʵô
ҡ
һʣħһüƴԹһ㣬Ŀһۣ֮ˣȥģܻȥ𣿡
£㽫յ˵ˣζ桰ܡߺһֱڰԭΣ֮أɺһ룬ȥģ
ٻ֮ͳЩ꣬ΪŰǶ֮ǡ
֮ǰ֮ڣЩ˲ŶΨΨŵŵðϣ֮ˣĻѾ˸̤ƽˣҪٻȥĻֻ·һ
һգ룬Ҳˣɴһݣȥ˵ٵһЩϹ汦ʹ̤žڣħʱǻصҲЩˡ
û뵽ʲôҲûҵͻȻձĪˡ
һ꣬ҪϮҪֹЩϹ֮̾أ֮ܵζҲʵΪס
֮Ҳип꣬ԣֻһѣɶ˶ԣȴĵֲ꣬ζϵɱ˺䡣
ʱǰĻħԺ죬ߣʬɽѪɺӵһĻ
޴ȥȳȥȥɡ
ͻȻ䣬ħ˵һ仰ħ֮һ£ζԣȴһ˼
˼䣬ӣѾΪȥˣ˼ѾʲôӣħһžߣߵǶǿĴڣһˣ绢

֮ʱֻħȻͷһЦСӣݺ֮ʱ㻹ûгΪƾǶµħҷΪֻԪˣԪָһȥʬɽ
ɡ
һѻȴֻǵ˵֣ǰȥǻħƽƽӣ΢΢һ㶣룬С֮ΪضǷһ

պһط˴طһЩֻɽ棬ٲ齦ɽаٻʢ棬ĵطϡ棬ĵطȴϡС
Īǵˣȥӡһ˾ˣʱᷢʲô£Ԥϡ
һ·ħҲһֻû뵽ζˣȻҵˣһȥǷӡ֮شͨ
ȻǲͨȥֻǷӡ֮س˯һδ֪֮ˣûκܹȥˣնûһܹ
˿̣ûжԣ˫һ㣬չṦɽٲϷȥɸʱһǿĽ֮򿪣űһŮ֮ҪҪ֣ȥ𴦣ﷳңǿʮ֮ߣɱ⡣
֮Уȴֱִɱ˲׿ȻڿУ歷ˣĳµġ
ţСӣ
ʱֻһӰ˳һ£ѩ޲ɷ欵Ļ鹬񣬻ǴʱߵĻħѼŮ֡
ŮӲǱˣħԨа֮歶˳ơаˡΪʮ֮ߣһĹǵļᶨ֮ˣʵѵֿȻ
ף㣬ô߻ʱС𣿡
ʱ歶ϴЦ汻þˣ񿴼жüĿ㣬οǰĲǺУǸٷء
ۡ
歶һЦһӣЦСһңʲô𣿡
ġ
£㽫˵ˣ歶֮ȴЦû֦ҲһͣС㣬㻹ԼɶǷӡ֮صħ֣ҿɲȥ㻹ȥһǰɡ
һڻؾе⣬ֻڷӡ֮δһ˶ӲԴУ硭
ȥȥ
˵꣬歶ҡִˣĲȥǷӡ֮أһּЦҲûʲôã﷦ζЩҲùЩɱɱģҪȻ
˵˴ȻһЦ˿ҲһࣺҪȻҲɱɱģءС磬
ȿȡˣ˵أղԡ
ѽⲻ˵Ƕ˻ǰ£˵ŶС硭
⡭ˣˡ˹֣תζ߰ɡ
ȥӰ歶ЦһȥǷӡ֮أСһ㻹˵㡭

˵뿪歶ζ˿ЦҶڣ϶ͽȥ˰ɣ
ʲô
ŷӡһ£ûϵͻȻ˵ôһ仰ζһۣ㲻ǻҪϻȥôҸղţô㶢Ů۾գһ£϶úɣҪȻôƱȥˣ
Ī
һ䣬ղ歶ŮĹȻֻԿôһۣ־ᶨµȻˡ
ʱħڵˣɣҾ˵ˣǲܻȥӡ֮صģȥҲûá
ü΢ԲԸʹ˷˵ȥѪħɡ
һ£һ˵ҵ˵ˣЩ棬ȴһ⣬ûһԸȥǷӡ֮ء
һ£ȴǽסˣȥǷӡ֮أƾζټϻħҲܶԸǷӡ֮صˣҪô죿
ħҪȻ˰ɣҿҲû˸ȥǸڡ̫ˡ
û˵ΣҪһһȥˣǲˣЩ˲ĻԸȥǷӡ֮ء
ζҪȻ취˾ۼһ
ŴԣҲ뵽ʲôһһȥˣȷʵûа취Ȱ˵ЩˣǽЩ˾һأħԨˣǹɽˡ


1467 
ܹ˾ۼһ𣬶֮飬ֻ֮Ҫһͬȥˣ˸ţȻͻԽԽˡֻβ˶ۼһ
˿̣ζ˴˶һۣѾ˼ƽϣħԱߣصӣҲµ˼֡
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
һɲǣֻ˫֮䣬һѪħڽ棬һںħƣ˵ǿޱȡ
Ȱ
ħͬһնħأײһ˲䣬Բʮվѣɽ嵺죬ɲǻ촷ۡȻʮ֮⣬ýˣһ˲䱻
˼ԣ츲أӡ𵴲ݣǷӡ֮ӰҲԽԽʢһ֮ɲǼ
Ҫˡ
Զо˾ɫһעܿתƵǷӡ֮棬Ǹԭҫ۵İ׹⣬Ѿ𽥻һƬɫâ
УȻħ۶ţղĴԪʩչ¾ʽʱв֧ٿħۣղһӲҲѹ֣Ķ¾ʽܺͶ·Ķ¾ʽȣ
Ҳˣ
ȻħħԪٴߣһɿħʱƬգʱ־ѹħ۴ʱǿֲģ󣬸޲һ
ˡ
ȻԪ̫ܼʱָѵֵħһ
ʱ֮УȻһŮǰʱƣħۣұһǡ
˭
Զһ翵Ů˭˵
һۣ֮ǸеŮӣôʲôˣ


1472 Ů
ţʲôˣ
Ȼһ˲䣬ħҲһƻʶԼԶأǲ֮УƻʶϢѵǡŮ
ߣ裡
ͻȻħħ󶯣ħʱ£ֻ˫һķħħʮʽǧɽɾ𣡡
µһ˲䣬ħʱѹأںδˣ޷Ŀ֮£ӿħУȻһӡֱ
飡
һ죬ʱøɽ嵺ѿһƣδܱܿע֮£ֻȻħۣӶµħ֮˳
µħʱʧȥ˫һգֱֱ׹ȥǹɲϢǣһȷʵûκϢԡ
Ȼˡ
ֻħŶ²׹£Ѿˣֻʣһħ֮ҲգջħΪԶĴ˵
һ˵꣬ٶԣʹħԪһƱ֮䣬µħȥ
һȴļСؼħơƲ׷һؽл֮ƣ
һü죬δܷӦȷӦʱֻħǡؼħơѳĵ
˽һһǿ߶£ѵգҪҲ٣ҷĽ֣
֡
˫ĿԲһɲǣԺ棬ֳָ˶¼һĻĻ
ĴΪߣԽթ䣬Ǵ䱻ǣָܻܿ㵱Ҫȥɣ
Ҳգ˻ʥǱߣִΣ
˵𣿡
ڷʲô㶣

һĻһĻ·ǰ£Ƕµļ䣬ļ䡭
֣
ۼħһҪµħһ˲䣬͵չɲһ·ȥƾһ֮˶ǰ
һ
Զζɫ䣬Ȼ̤ħ֮ܳܵסħһƣ
¶ɫжħʱ޷סħ۵һοʱƾһˣ
һԽԽȻױҲеȫҪһ㣬һδȻˣףҲٴβѺۡ
һ
ζ¶ɫԥһ޹̨˲仯һ׹ȥȻ޹̨ɱϾΪԶħ̨ۣȥ˲䣬һһ𣬡顱һһ±˻
һ˲䣬˶ס˺ħһƳ£ȻǱ֣֮ǧһ֮ʣԶȻһŮǧ⣡
һ˲䣬˻δӦһɳǺʱããӡеһУԱסˣħۣҲĿ֮£һɺ档
عʱֱֻ۱קţȥԱ֮˷ϼ£绪ǱˣȴŮۡһΣܵóŮ۱𣬲֮ǰķˡ
һѾȥصˣԼҪ
Ů۴䵽һɽϣƽƽʱﻹץŶµħҲû˵
ղһĻʵޱȣŮһֻ⡰ǧ⡱ͨδܽħ۱סΣʵϡ
ʱԶ¶֮ɫǡŮۣͨ죬˷绪ذٻ֮Ҳ޵ڶˡ
ԶоŮۣղһ£ʮ˱죬ѵѾ̤Ǹˡ
Ӻδ
ֱʱŷӦΪεڲſŮۣ֮ǰһֱûмѵ˿Ǵ
Ů۵ǰɽˣãҵķ¿ƺֻȥ
Ŀ֮еħۿȥ΢΢תͷоʵ˰ɣñա
һ˽һ׷оȥѵѵǰоһֱֻǷ
棬Ҳ˰ɣ
Ů˿ȥ˵ֹˣ룬˭߲Ȼõ壬ɹ֮٣кã
ԣ˶һ㶣ʲô˼оǡǾȻǷǱֲںδЩ˾
ʱҲϸϸ˼ȻԼ̫ˣЩ˺ϼ޻ǿ֪һаɣȴװʲôҲ֪ʼδһթ伫


1473 ħϢȾ
ǣ˼
ЦһоЩ˿˿ԭΪζЩԸӡڣڿԼǱõǸˣ
ЩԼħƴһȻȥϹôȻĲذħħħȻվȴΨͼ
ƾǣС֮
ʱסħǲ㺮ȻųһѺۣԶ˽һû뵽Ů۵ͨҲ޷סħ
䣡
һ죬ǺȻ㱬飬һħ˲˳ֻħ˫Ѫ죬ȫħƣģȴǿ
Ǻˣ
ħµĿŮϣͳԶЩľ
أ
ʹ˿̱ħǿֲħѹţŮɫֿ˿˵Щ棬ѾˣǾͰ˲ôǵó˲ˣŻС𣿡
˵ʲô
һɲǣħĿǿˣԶҲһû뵽ŮۣȥŭǰĴħ
˵
ŮۿɫˣǾӦи˵Ӻ;Ӧţվš

Ȼ䣬ħȫħӿ͵һƳŮһ˲Զоͻ˵סˣ˭Ҳ߳ǿˡ
о˽Ϣڣ⼸âȴǼ˵ıˡ
ֶԸħۣһʱ䣬Ƭӡ𵴲ݣδ̤ž֮ˣ޷һ£Ǳ

һߣζԣǽţ뵽ղȥֵħһƣڻȻе¡
û£ֻԪĹһһָһ¡
ԣڶħԣʼ˹ָԪ֪ᷢ£ڴ֮ǰҪָ
䣡䣡䣡
֮ϣɽħԨڸ϶ԸħۣƬӡ𵴲ݣĴֻԽԽʢһϹȻţ

ζĿһĴȥӡֻǴʱ֮ǿܹ
ˡȣ⡭ħ֮
֮ϣħȫħԪһ𣬺ƺħӿȥһ½Ůۡо˳ȥ
¡¡
һ̣ƬӡҲ𵴲ݣԶ޲ľֻ֮Ϲ˿ˣ
ˡ
ħһ˫Ѫɫ۾Ȼ͸ȵĹâһ˲䣬ѳķȥ
ԭ֮ǿȴƾһǿӲֿ֮Ҫ˵Ļ˳ȥֻһ˲лҷ
ħ֮ħϢȾ£䣡
ͻȻֻħһ̧˷ħӿգȻȫĴӿȥ
ҪħȾ
Զ˽ǺȻһû뵽ȻħȾϹħΪӴܵеļħ֮
ħϢȾ
Զɽϣɫһ䣬ʱԪδָ޷ٶµħǿ룬ҲƵֵסĿֲƣͬᱻٴδ⡣

棬ŮۺͷǰڣһħȾĻǵʱɽģͲϹ֮۵ˣޱħ
ħħһϹ֮޾ȻҲޱħ
ˡ
ԶɽЩǲѿһ㣬һȾĻʱɽģȫħˡְ֮
ݣݣݣ
ʱԶý뷢԰׵ߡ
ȻǶɹžؽٵġɡɽЩѰ߾һͬն
˵Ǽλϼ˵һϻ̳Ͽ֣æΰȥӼλɳ
ԭλǷͬСɣǹλʥӡ峾ӡӡ
Ǵ˴֮ʱһξμɽһٽҲ׳ʱȻǺŮһǸոսĵģǰɽʱ䣬˲ҵ֮
ĪǱξֵħ
˿̣ħۣɻ󣬶ħʵľ˱ϾΪʱܹ򶨲ҡ
˼λϼæ͵λɳǡǰǰħۣ
ħۣԣɫһǰĸ֮ˣĪ롭
һϼæͼȾһȾµʱħϢȾ£ɽģȫħˡ
䡭
˵Уһߣʱ÷ּʲôƬ֮󣬺Ȼɫһ䣺ħϢȾ¡ˣ


1474 ħ
ת˲֮䣬ħɢޱ߷ӡһΨħɷ죬һħϢȾµĸоڳ֮ˣħԨЩߣ˿ֲһĻľѡ
λʦܣ󣡡
Ӽ˵ţһȥ峾Ӻӽϣ˸վһԡ졢ءˡħɷ
Ȼħɷħ۾Ϲ֮۵ħ֮Թ۶ɣʹٸߣȴҲħɷһȾؽУ
λɳ
Զ˼λϿλɳֵħɷ֮ȻľѣǵĵУȴ򲻸ҿħɷ
ʦ֡Уħɷ̫֮ˣ
ħɷ֮£峾Ӻǿ֧ŲסӵнϸߣҲԵסصħɷӲȥؽ£
ħЦ֮ө֮⣬Ҳԣ
䣬Ȼħһħʱӿɫһ䣺ʦ֡룡
˸ԥǽ޵֮ˣһħɷȾħʶԣؽٲһ˲䣬˻ȥ
λɳ
߼˵ĳϼ״飬ǽš
޷
ҡҡͷ˵ʱȻĴһȾֻ½ǣɽ١
һɽ߾һϣɽ硭٣
ʱԶһɽϣζԷ˹ָԪ
ħȾȥۼ棬ħζҲüʦڴˣħɷ
Ů۵ΪߣΪߣҲߣҪƴħɷҪߵΪҪߵĵһħɷȾħʶԣ롣
δ롭δ롭
ͻȻ֮䣬˺飬ҲףȥǿҪ߻ħһ
ôˣζعͷһ
û¡
￴ȥֻħɷѽ֣һɫҲǹڸȥ
һĻüϹǾδĹؼڣСΣħ۽Ⱦ
ǡħɷŮ۵˶ԸˣԼȥԸǡ
˼⼰ˣֻ̧֣棬һ糤ĺ
ֻʬħħһʬħɳø졭
ţħ
ʱԶǱߣ˾ͬʱֵħϢϸ΢Ҳʶ
һ˲䳯ɽͷȥԱ߼λϼһ±øأһ˲λɳ˱һ˼ߣ֮ǰɽҲǱȥ
ԣϢ
һɲǣϾȻһɫԪһߣŮ۲һ˲ɵְסļ򣬽ʬħϢǿѹȥ
ʲô
ʱŮ۵Ժ֮Уû˵£ֻʬħħɷ
ֻˣܹħȾ
һ˲䣬ϣκԥһħڣ̤գȥ
һĻ־ɷ˺󷽲ˣλʥ΢΢һǡԱһλæ͵ǰµħ˲֪ΪΣȥܶöµ
д˵֮£
Ȼû뵽Ǵ˵֮еĶ£ղӦģһһŵĹħʶĪΪħ֮
Сӣ㣡
ڣħӿħۼ˽һҲգձ󣡡
Ҽˡ
ϻֱĴȥħӿ˼˽ȥ޲ȻһжµħҲֵסĴħɷ
ȻĿ֮£ȴ˫һ𣬾ĵħȫԼ˹
ʲô
˽һħɷ壬𣿾оЩǿߣҲ޿ܽħɷ壡
һ
ζҲһ£Ȼ֪̤ģħ֮ħɷҲܣһ˲䣬뵽ղţһƺʲôΪһ̣仯֮󡭡
ôܡСӣ㣬ܣ
ͻȻ䣬ħɫ䣬ţ˽۵ħɷ˽ȥ
Сӣ㾿ʲôˣ
ԭħϢڣʱħȫˣħ־ŭҲţֲħɷȻȫˡ


1475 ۶
ħɷʧ֮棬ȻâĴϹҲһȾųһƬƬɫ
˶ˣʵŸղһĻλʥҲ޷ħɷ֮Ȼȫˣµħ֮
ʦ֣ô
Զɽϣ˵λʥɫأ峾ӺˣֱǲʶƺԼȫС˼ߡ
ǹħɷ֮ǼǧĵУҲԵ̸ֵȥ£ħɷȻһȫ˸ˣ
ʵ޷󣬾ҪˣѵƾǶµĲħ
Ŵʱųħ־ŭеŬ۵ħɷ֮һУȻȫǰСӸˣ
Ǻǡ
ħɷ֮ʱɫҲ·ˣ߻ħһϾк֣Цħɷζ𡭡
㡭
ħɫһʱԶɽϣζΪħɷǶħԵʡ
ŮҲԲֻڵʬħħ۵ħɷǱʬħˡ
벻ħһŬվȻȫʬħ֡һʬħؽɳøΪѸ٣Сӣʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ̵ħɷûа취ˣ棡ˣȥħԪȾΣ
ͻȻ䣬ħħپۣ͵һƳĴȥôϣһ±㽫ȥˡ
ܻһһ˲䣬ͬƬӡģ

ħ۷ЦħϢֳȾȥȴͬǰħɷħ۵ıħԪȻҪԱħԪͬ
¡¡
һ̣ƬնƿҪһڳ֮ˣ޲ľֻħ۱ħԪȾ£Ѿ¶ϣʼ𽥱ڣ
һĻǰˣ޷ħ۵ıħԪͨǽնϣؽȾ
δȫ죬һնпܻήʱҲ޷Ծδ룬ô죿
ˡ
棬λʥǱɫԭΪûħɷ˱ûа취Ⱦˣû뵽ȻܼħԪⱾħԪħɷҪ
ȡֹᣡ
ħһȣϹħɷֱ淭ӿȥЩͼǰֹߣԱ˳ȥ
ۼǰѱħԪȾڣ룬˫ֲϽӡķ˲תͷ֮ϾһܣһԪˮһ㣬ȥ
ǡ
Զ˽һôԪ˽δ뵽ԭϣһȾԪղǰصħɷȻҲδȾԪ˼֮ˣҲ޵Ԫ
ѵǡ
ǱߣλʥҲδϵҲ޷ĴԪΪСӾܡԣԣѵǡ۶˼侹޳۶֮ˣ
һ̣ɫ䣬û뵽Ǳչص˼侹˵֮ˣ
һߣζҲϵԭǱӵ۶ôʦһ۶ȴʼδܵóԸ
ţ۶Сӣ۶
ħۺȻÿֻ۶ϳӿȥħԪѹסˣ
ǵ꣬ڵ۶ǹŴżƭ˽ü⣬ʱüֻΪԪӤħ֮Ȼʱ㷢Ӥڵʬħܹѹסʬħģֻ۶
ҲǺһȥǺɽ£Ц죬ЦǷڵ۶Ŷ϶Ҳ˺֮¡
۶ѹһħ֮ʱҲֻ۶ܹѹħ۵ħԪ
ԭˣ
һ̣ħҲڿʲôȻĿһСӣ֪ˣԭи˽۶ڣʧȥ۶ɣ
λΰ
ȴǷƵɫݣ·ѿһڸղ۶һ˲䣬Ѿˡ
۶ʦѹʬħģԼ֮ȻҲסʬħϣбҪ£ˡ
Сӣ㲻ãá
Ȼ䣬ħɫޱȣҲǰ˵ִǳ
Ȼ㲻ã㡭ͬھħʮʽħգŽţ
ͻȻħ˫һŴ۳һųɫ࣬ڡͨͨͣ
ǡǡ
ˣɫȻһ䣬λʥס˺ħ۵ħˣҲ൱֮˵ԪӤ

ħ۷һȣ˫һۣһɲǼ䣬ħ˴飬Ȼħ֮ڣΧʱħз֮ƣ
Сӡȥɣ
ֻħģǿֲһ㾡֮һƳȥһƣѰһƣκҷ𣬼ŶµħҲƵֵ
һ
Զɽϣζɫһ䣬Ůһ˲䣬ȥϧħ֮վǱ޷ȥ
棬ħǷƣ˲Ϣȫֲ֣֮޴ɱܡǱ֣֮
ʦʦ
ʦ˵꣬Щٿ𣿡
ʦʲôʱɽҺȥ溽㡭
ʦ㿴Щˡ
һ̣·ֲ˻ֿ˵꣬Ǹ꣬ϵһʢ˰ɡ
ԭһ̣뵽ˣʦô
һԽԽ֣ѾˣҲֹͣˣԭľ
һ˲֮䣬һ·Ķ𣺡졭Ҫ¡
ţ
һɲǣħҲʱ·ȻûˣҲס˺һ档
һ˲䣬кȻһѺۣţֻһӰѺ˳һָħü֮ϣ

ħ۵ʱشˣһ󵹷˳ȥ
ǣǡ
һ̣˶ˣȻֵŮӣһ覣ϴǧ糾ʲôˣǴӺδ


1476 Ů
Ůӵĳֳ֣գһ±øΪˣ˶ϢǰŮӣ˭
ֻն裬ǹɵȻüһӡȻһ֮ˡ
ŮȻ㣡
ֻħɫ£ȻǵãǰλŮ˭ʱɽħԨߣŮĸ֣ȴûʲôӡ󣬲ղżжһָħۣȻһ֮ˡ
ֻ֪ǰһΪȴ֪һλʦŮΪ
ħۣ벻ˣڴ˴㡣ŮԶħۣһУһڵĲɣ֮⡣

ħͷһЦĿһ䣬ĿΪƾһǣң
һǡ
Զ˽һǰλŮȻֻһǶѣһǣǿʵ
ʱҲؿɽʱʱǸǸ˵֮ˡ
졭
Ůߣʱᣬ֪ϴˡ
ǰϴˣҲǶ¡
ʱ֪ΪΣ仰˲̣ϣʱǶ£һ䡰ۣ֮ꡭ˿̷Ժ
ǣǶ£ҪȵǸˡ
ķѩҲеᣬǧ꣬꣬Ǳصԡ
һɲǣ·ֻصһ죬ףΪʱоѹԭʱԼʱʦҲԼҲãҲá
ʱһΣȥǧ꣬ȥ꣬Ѳ׺ɣѰѰ٣һһˣҵ֮ʱǸˣҲ
㲻ǰ졭
Ůһ̣ܹԿһ˿·į
㲻
Ůظһ仰Զħôʱȥʱ
Ȼ䣬ֻپħ͵سŮϮ˹һɲǣӦǰģ
飡
һ죬ŮǰߣֿħǼһȻħħ֮ʱǱѰȻŶµħ֮ǰΪ˵ֿħԪ۶Щ֧
ǧΣΣһнԽڳ
ȻħȫһѪ𣬾֮˶ԪӤ֮һȻʮֿ£Ҳ𵴲ݣƱһ㣡
ľһδƽһ𣬽֮£ѾԶԶǵԤϣͨδ󷨱ٵĻûٰʮ꣬Ҳȥˡ
ԶɽϣŮ۳ĬһؿŮԭԱŮӣΪλԣλǰױ⣿
ħʮʽɽ
ͻȻ䣬ħǿٳħӿأһϵδȫʱȻЩֵס
ʱŮ˹һһǿʱӿħֵȥԸ
䣬Ůѳħ۷ȥ˵ԷͬСɣĪܸԤֻòԶȥⱻ˴ʱǿ
ңңˣֻعͷĴȥ֮ǰħۻˣ취½δ죬ή
˼⼰ˣԥϥ£Ϊý飬Ϲ֮ޱͨͨĴ
һĻԶһû뵽Ȼȱ£Ϊý飬ѵͨɣ
֪˶ãޱ֮£ˣԶŮħǴѣʱŮֻһǣħȴǾȫЩϹۣ֮˲ꡣ
յŮ䷲˥꾡ɢǽһߣһǣħʮʽǺӣ
ͻȻ䣬ħƴ˫һ̧ħХ֮ϣֻƬӡЩħ;£˹ȻһһΪɣ
⡭
ֲһĻŵû겻壬ֻħͣħ˽ȥȻѪ⾹һħһħͣħԨ嶾ţ嶾ʥ
ʦ𣡡
ʦħ˽ȥ嶾ŵĵӺͳϣʹ飬ȴΪ޿κΡ

ħ͵ħۣһģ쳣£ֻħؾۣԼʮߣȫ£ȻѪܵͷ˿µħħԨЩħ֮ˣʱŵɫ԰ס


1477 컯
ٿŮȻƮƮһȾȻǹħҲȾϵ
ֻ˿̵ӰѾ𽥿ʼ䵭˲һ뵽ղħ˵Щ˥ȻֻʣһǣһǣҲ֮ǿ
ؼǣ˥ԹħһܹսԻɣôʣһǣ
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Գȥˡߣ
ʱȲϵѺ۷ȥȷʵͨͨκ
磬ǳȥ˶½ȥˣɶҲԵʮָˡ
š
΢΢ͷ˵ɶǣٵȵȡ
ʲô𣿡
ʱζ˹ⲻյıȴûʲôԡ
ȳȥɣҵȻͳ
á
ζҲԣָһ̨ȥ˶ȥˣʱ˵λʥ˹ӿСѡ
λģ´Ӧ飬ǲʳԡˣ˵
ãˣȺСѡ˵ţ˸ҲϷȥ
ȵߵòʱӲŹ벻Щȥǰ˵ΪȻ֮ˡ
ɶͽȳȥɣҴͳ

һԼһȥɶС죺ǸΣɲƭˡ
ƭˡһСӣ˵
ɶ߰ɡ
ţ
Լһ˶뿪ˣûгȥˣŻƬ޾ѰϹƬ
ʱ󸽽ѾûˣŻתȥǰŮǰ
㡭ŮҲòŵһλѣ񡭡
ֲá
˹˵ҸսɽʱԼԼһֱǰԭһУɺϡ
Ů̧ͷ޾񷿴ȥ˼ţ֪ϹڣϦǺꡭ
Ҳȥһŵͷֿǰҽǰ𣿡
ǰ
һɲǣŮ·㯣ãҡҡͷǰ£ǲ࣬󿴼ĵط֮ۡ
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ŮԱ֮ģΨˣпܣܹ˥
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һ˹ŮԼԼۣ֮һ⣬ꡭ
갡Ѳ׺ɣֵδȥѰ£ȥѰټǰһУѳΪ˵
п֮࣬ʵǰ֪꣬ȥ
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ɫһǱȻָºˣʵȥʲô
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һ̣ŮɫȻ˪˿ˣֲ֮УҲüºɱһˣʲôˣȻҪº֣ܻɱ
һʵҪɱģˣ

ŮҡҡͷǿҲûܹһеĵزǸˡ֮У޷鵽ۺͷ棬Ҳ޷ɱˡʮ
ʮ
΢΢һȻŮУֻʮĸݴˣ⡰ʮ·ǱѰɣ
ʲôһڣȻ񣬶֣޷֮ɱѵѾ̤Ǵ˵ʮ֮𡭡
ȥ˾⣬һսΣҲ֪ˡ
Ů̧ͷϣ̾һãתħ֮ںδҵģ
ɽ֮϶
£㽫ɽ֮϶ҵħ£һһʮ˵˳
Ů֮󣬲δе죬ֻػңҲ²ħ֮ΪλҲ֪˺¡
һǶֵħ֮ұ㽻ǰˡ
š
Ů˵ͷֵ֮ǰϣҺһ쳣Ϣ
ǰҲˣ
üһŮԣָһţü΢΢һȻʬħ
ԼڵʬħʱҲ˵ǰǰ¸ճʱ棬㱻˴ʬħһֱ֮ʬħҲųˡ
ϴʬħˣ
ʱŮüܹӿ˵ֵˣôضˡ
һֱɣ¡ܺйء
δؼáŮȴҡҡͷĿһ˼ʲôüһǰ˻
ŮȻ죬Թ۶ɵһ磬ʬħԶЩԹܴﵽҲ룬ʬħδ
ǡ
˴ɫѾȫˣһֱãʬħһ£ȻĪ
ǵ⹫ճǸˣ䡰䡱ʱˣˣʬħڵġ


1483 ٷ
ڣŮȴ˵ܲ죬־ʲôˣʲôطĿ־ʲôƺԽԽ˷ˡ
ʱصġ
Ů˵ڣһԪѹʬħټϴ˴ںҲѹס˵˭ѹסʬħģȻ˿δ˲
ʦ
뵽Щʦһֱ۶ԼѹʬħһԵʦԼѹʬħ£ȴ֪Լ֪
ˣϣʦԼɽǵ뿪ʬħ
̼ǵãǸʱÿÿҹ˯ԺʱܸоģԭʦԼѹʬħüλϲ쳣ʱ⼸λϷˣǾݲԼ
ʦŮһ۶ʦѵǡ
ôˣ̧ͷʱģЩ֣ʵ
ûʲô
Ůҡҡͷֵ廹ϵˣΨҵǸϴʬħˣһе飬Ż⿪ֻǴˣѰ
֮£ܶ䣬ϣһ죬̫Զɡ̧֣һȻӽ糤ĺ˵

ôûǲƭˡ
һɽɶ죬ʼɽķ򣬶ʱˣ
ʱһӰˣֻʩչṦ˳ɶȥ磡
ɶ
ǰߵͷֻȿڴӺζлħڡ
ֻһ˳λŮأζ˹ʵɽ
ˡ
һ˵ţһǣɶȥԣͷӣЩ꣬лչɶˡ
ɶˣڽѧ˺ö෨
ɶһ統ÿɰаݸЦٹãҿɲˡ
ʱж濴˿˵Ůۺ͹Ǽλ棬ӣȳȥɡ
š
£ȥ棬ȻŮۺ͹λʥԼ೤ϣз˽ڣδ뿪
ɶѾûеմɾʱô˿̼ЩˣҲˣҲ֪£ܶµȥߡ
Сѣˡ
۰룬кЩ˵ˣʱĪĸо
ǰҲʧع˹֣˵¼ȻӦλһ£ԵʳԣֻҲһҪ󡣡
һ˵΢΢һ˴ˣСѵ˵޷
Ǵ˼Ҫٻȥϣܹ´˼ͨλһ֪ȥ˼䣬ķ
⡭
΢һ˼ӵȻû⣬ֻǡЩʱա
޷
˿Щˣ˵ʱ䣬ҲҪȥһطҴһЩԻǡ
ˡҲС
˲ٶ˵ʲôϾһΣˣοԷ򵥡ʱڲԶ΢΢һ֪Ҫʲôȥˡ

֮󣬼뿪Ϲۣ֮صħɽڳ֮ǰ͹ӵˣڻħ֮ǰЩ˵ĶԹԹ˵˼仰󣬱Ҳһʹˡ
Ѿþûгˣ棬Ҳûʲôһ
һΣħҲųˣ˼ȥҲȥ˼俴ˣСӣжı¡
磬Ҫ˼𣿡ɶգһ˫ۣƺǸ˼䣬Ҳ˺档
š
˵ͷֵڻȥ֮ǰҪȥһطɶҪȻȻصȣȸˣ㣬˵㻰
ҪɶҪ͸һ𣡡
ɶ
ḧ˸ӣӿ˿Ӽʱʱ⣬ҲµҪȥʲôطʲô£ˣɶ϶һͬǰȥ
ˣ˵㻰ˣɶ
ɶ
ۼɶǰȥ׷ȥ
գ˻ȥħɽ棬ʱһڵ˲ǱˣȴδƵˡ
㣡
ɶһ±㽫ƵϳˣɾһĻĻǵء
ϡ
ħɽƵЩʱħһϢѵǾžǿߣ
Ŷ˼ħȻܵóԼغϢȤ
Ƶܹ֮׸ܳʵΪԪһħ֮ʶ
Ƶˣʲô𣿡
ǰȥ뵱ȻƵԪһħ֮ʶħ֮ʶ׷նԷڴ˵ȺԼض֮ˡ
Ƶ˽Ŀӻħջأȥһ֮ϲޱ仯ɫȻܹϲŭɫ
ԭ뿪Щ֮꣬죬Ȼ˸ǿռˣھֻʣһ鹬ľ֧
Ƭ̺ħȥɷȥһ֮죿
ħЦһ˫ǰԶɽɫ࣬˵ҿɲ£ҰƽЩˣҾʰʰȺӱ˵꣬Ƶ˿ȥ·
ǰģһλžǿߣƵЩ⣬һžǿǰȥ֮죬ҪЩˣֱ練ơ
֮ԲȻ鹬ΪΣҪȥǣҵĶԹҲʱ˽һˣ÷̤ھžպضһв̤žѰž߿ɱȡ
Ӵɶعˣζ޷ȥˡ
һգ⣬һĻĻɼǵˣɶеģҲΪΣɶɶҪΪɶٻʹ࣬ЩòײɢȥӰֻ
㿴Ǳߡ
˿̣˷ϣζָ˳ĵķֻǳĴԲʮǺ֣Ǻƾǽ֮󣬶ǡ٣
ȳˣΪħ̨棬ħ֮٣ֶ
Ȼڶ١
һų֪ҪˣԲ˼̤ھžȻɱңõǲϧɲ˽١죬ڡ


1484 ش
ߡ
ԥ̤գʱȥȻϣڳĵķɽ٣Ĳƽʮ֮ࡣ
ʲôˡͣ£
ĶȥʱȥЩߣеǷ֮ˣеǷǵߣһǵ񣬶Ǳ˳ɽ٣κȥзš
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ѾȥˣɵշǴĿĵһĻʵڸ̵̫ӡˣԴ˿̣һ±㽫˳
ˡˣ
Щߣһ±ˣǰɱ񣬵λѾ̤߾ĳ϶ˣƾǣҪ£ܹ
ȻЩ˳˲仯һâ˹ȥǿľ磬һ±㽫ǰߵ˳ȥ
һ·ܵ߾ߣѾȫĶ֣ܿ죬ζ˳ģֻڷ棬һʮ󷨡
ʱڷ棬˿Ǹɱˣһ̶ˣѸٳȻȴԷһҲԳʼǺƷ²ѡ
½աҷңǧٽˡ
ʮλϾɫɷףʱҲ˲ôˣ֪˵ʲôûˣ֮콵˫ǲݣ˿Ψסˣֱɽٳ

λִϷȥϧǣҲǰɱȣڳ󣬿ң˷ʵһսˣȥҲֻ
ͣ
һжʱѪɽ֮棬һնɱһλ߾Ϊĳϣ˽ŵòȥ
ң뵱꣬ҲҪѪشλϣȻ㣬һնɱһλϣѵΪѾ̤ڰ˾ˣ
ˡҪȥ
±߼λϼʱɽȥˣɫһ䣬ϧǵΪֹˡ
һ·ϣ֮ܿǺɽȣ˴Լǧɣ±߸ף˹֮£Ƿڶɽ֮ء
ڡ
±ߵĲ󷨽ƣһ䣬ҪȥʱȴͻȻӦ򣬷ֱɱ
ţ
Էǰ˾ڵΪ̫ģͣǰֻУȻӰ
ˣֱһָɽƵߣһ£翸ӵĸߴߣһն˫ϥ֮Ϸһٵߡ
ˣȥЩɲ⣬ɫȴ˿δ䣬ѡڴ˴ɽ٣Ҳģר
СԺδǻغδȥաĪҪԽߡٵߣ˫˵š
ˣҲҲ˵λ޹أλԺδǻغδȥɣвף֮ڣ̤ھžڴ˴ʵϧ
СôĿ
мǿͭӵĺߣȻһȣӱһӸˣһ쾪ףʱЩ׷ķҸ֣һ𣬶Ѫӿֹ󵹷˻ȥ
ȴʼڿУɽ½Ƕδһ£ɽƵ߲һܵӣԼҲδн£ڹΪ
˼ˣǱͭӵĺߴȥһĪҪ嶯Ͳ󣬵Ϊ֮ͬУֲ֮¡
ߣ
߻δ˵꣬߾Ȼͭӣһ³ȥһüȿͣϹķҸ֣ܲסŻѪֻѱ
ȻȴȫȻţǺ߹֮ʱȴĿ֮£ͻȻʧˣһ˲䣬ٳʱͬһ⣬һ´Ӻ˹ȥ

߸δ壬ѪɽǱָΪУһ¸˺
ܣ
һÿٶȣٶȼ죬ΪȾ磬壬ѰҲˣƾָҪĹ
뵽˴߲ԥָһɽնɱȥʮѷɽ˲仯콣꣬͵سնȥȻ꣬ٶȻ쵽޷ĵزֻ֮УӰأʵǽʵѱ档

ҲͬǺһʹΪʤһȻûܿڣȿ֮ʱԷһƣѴؿڣʱǴϣѪ󵹷˳ȥ
һߣǸٵ߼ܡܾڴȻϥ٣һֱ٣һֵ٣ʱ缲꣬Ͷ

٣ʱȴ˽ɱı֮ÿһԳɱǼΪžµߣѵֵ˵
ֻУ䶯Ī⣬δϹ֮۳ٶȡʶѷǰɱȣںϹ˵Ϊ󾳣񼴱ǰ˾ǿǰҲ
һҲܹˣһ˲䣬ߵǰ
ǰɱ̫أ磬£һǰɡ
˵ʱһƳǿƷ磬߱Ƶ˳ȥǿж˶Է١
ǰǵ
һֶ٣δԣָ䣬ˣɽХߵ£ȴУ֣
˿ǱѪ˫ѪȻ˫ѪտѪѪһ󵹷˳ȥ
һͣҲŷ˹ȥһײ߻УȻֹ
Զ˶ˣζҲȻںϹΪѾʮֲֿˣֻ»ص˼䣬ҲûмĶˡ


1485 ֹ
ʱڸԶĵطˣȴʲôˣǷƽȹ
Щ꣬ҲĴѰҪΪӱ𣬿ɽһΪ֮ߣɽϣװǴʱȥĻѰ·
˿̣˱˴˶һۣмƽϣǲǵȷڶɽٳ˵˷ڣǲаֻɱˡ
¡¡
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ηڶɵǵھؽ٣ҲǹоŴΣÿһΣоŵܹžŰʮһ٣Ϊž١
Сģ
Զζ˳ٷΧ˵٣ͬСɣǷǶɽ֮ˣʵ֮£ض
ʱδ£Ѿֲܵԥ˫һ㣬˻ȥ
¡
һѾ٣ףͻͶĿֱͨأʹѾ˳ٷΧҲԸеһɿµѹڶθеٵĿֲˣһΣɽ֮ʱħ̨ʮħ١
ʱħ٣ǿԻĳ̶ȣ·ž٣ĳҲħ֮١
Ще⣬ʹ֮ǰѾ뵽ڴ̤ھžȻᳬԽž֣Ҳû뵽ľž٣Խ٣ζţɽ֮Խ
һ̣ѾˣΣ˳ɹž٣һ̤ھžӳԤϣ̫ŽѪ˵˵ѡ
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ǵھŴˣھŴĵһ٣Ҳǵʮ٣˿̳ɢüһȻһомʮѽӲӵķɽɳЩɽϵĶϣеĲУ佣ȴǿֲ޾ʱףֱȥ
Щɽǵȥʱ򽣹ϹŽȺܹ߰ٶʮѣǶϽбȴ
ֹ
ʱԷɽżɽ٣ʱٷҸ֣жһЩ̤ʥߣͬԷɽֹķɽȥ

˫һָһɽɳ֮ˣʱ˵ˣȻȴ࣬һһ̵棬ҲҪ˳ɽ١
ߡ
һߣԪ±ߴȥһ֮ڣ㾡ɽ٣ʱʬ
СӣҪ񣡡
ʱ߾ϷʮռɽʧܣǲǷ֣֮ΣҲҪ˳ɽ٣һؽ٣ҪΣСҼ

⼸˳һһɾƳһ½˳ȥ
ֱٽ֮ʱκζڶɽٵķ֮ˣԽԽˡ
·΢΢һȻסֿ˿Χķ֮ˣȻɫһ䣬ȵӣ½壡ɽԪ࣡
ɷɷɷ
֮УȻĵ꣬ø˽ɫһ䣬ɱЩˣ

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΢ڣٲգѪϴţ
һ㱰޳ܣб£бȼɽ֮ڳüɽʱ㡭ʲôһ֮ޣ
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һĻ֮˸ŵĵѣȻΣҲҪˣʱ棬Ҳвٷǵңңţû뵽գҾ˴١
¡¡
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ܺá
һɲǣȻЩˣ٣Σô˶ɽٳɹ亰ɽ
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ԶɽĻӰ˲˹Ŀ׵ȣһϾκθ飺ȥѷңδ֮ӣȫ׽Ͷ桭
ʲô
Ŵԣڳ֮޲Ϊ֮һҪЩ޹ͯȫͶ֮£ѵħΪ
ȵȣ
һɲǣζҲɫһ˲̨סļ򣺡ˣⲢ˵ı⡭ɱԽԽˣħһ㱾ԡ
ţ
һ仰ҲͻȻ˹һղԼصɱʱֻ̧֣棬֣ѵ֪УԼԣѾʬħӰ𡭡
ζ·ü΢˵ңɱˣҲûãġ
ȻҾȥ
ͻȻĿһ£֣ζһ̧ͷž٣Ƕɽ֮ˣȥġ
ܺùɽ֮ɱҡ
һԸϣȻȫȥ׶ʱųһƬƬɫâֵ١
һ
ζһʱɫΧڳ֮ˣԶˣ޲Ȼʧɫδ뵽Ϊֹڶɽ٣ԼҲҪˡ


1486 ս
֮У٣ȻױҲδֿܵס˿ֲ٣Ϊⱻˣѽɲʩչޣһȵ׷ȥһ߶Χ١
ڣѾǹȵԽԽˣٽ£±ߵĲľѿήʯҲˣҽһĴ
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ˡ
һ磬˲ʯȥеĵ۹£ޱȣȵ׳ȵĿҲһ½¶ȣȻһɱ
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СӣƾҲɱң㽫ҵ֮£Ϊ·
ʱڼɱ˵Ĵˣ˫ɱ¶ΣҪɱˣ
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գߵٹȥˣʣ٣˼磬ھͲˣܻСնɽ֮󣬱ضҪСӴң
Ȼ䣬ֻ˫һģ͵һʯ̨ȥ׷ȥɵʯ̨ʱΧȻкü󷨽Ƴʶ񣬶ܼʱ⼸ƴеĻǵشɡ
˿ֻ̣ϥʯ̨ϣǰˣ϶ɽ٣᲻Ŵأʯ̨Ķɽ֮أղһֻԼˣΰˡ
Сӣ֮£ҷɣʱδϷһ컯
ˣѱնɱȻЦó
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ʱȻԾ˫һһڹȵɢХֹԩ죬һԹ
ڣɻǵã֮콵ж޹֮ˣ˿̣ˣȻɣ

ȻǴ֮󣬷бħֻиѹ˶ѣħڴ˿̳֣ضٲض֮»ҷ
ڣܣȫԩ꣬ԩ꣬գɱˡУһҲޣǾǣɣ
Ȼ˫һӿֱǶɽ̨֮ХȥڹȻӰ죬ʱȻ־ң·濴ԩ꣬Լɶ

һɲǣҳ˲۹£һ͸˶ɽ̨ϲƣ

ڱһУʱشһѪѵɳȥ˶ɽ̨
ô˻ᣬһơ£֮УֻǶɽ̨һķѣͬΧĽƷҲһ١
Сӣһһؽ٣Ҵ˽һؽҷ֮أ
ȻˣϾһΪ񣬴ʱܿѻָȻȴĶɽ̨һˣٷҲɢһؽ٣Ҫζɣ
㡭
űٵĶɽ̨ĿѣϷȥֻǲ֮ƣȻɢȥһ٣δ

һ˲䣬ڼˣ˫۲Ѫ˿Ŭȫ׷ˣȫСӸˣ
Ȼž٣һ£ȴˣȲɽʧܣҲǳɹֻ˵ֻһ̤ھžˣһ֮
Сӣɱ㣡
ʱķڣ˫Ѫ죬ȻһƳһ֮ƱٸҪǿȣֱ˿
δȻеһϢ˵ľѹҴ⣬ɲһչ˲˳ȥţṳ̂ھž磬ڰ˾֮У˼޵еĴڣܹǿɱһľžڸ֣
䣡
һ죬͵ȥʱյ۹£쳾У׼ڵλãһնȥ
飡
ٶȽ֣ȲֹƬ֮⸽ǲƲֻǵ̫ƣʵխ֮أɲҲʩչÿ˼⼰ˣֻһԾԥϷȥ
Сӣߣ
±ߣһ˲׷ȥʱϷζ̨ϢǹȿڴͬʱҲȫעһؿ±ߡ
ڣӰ·ٳǿһ½Χ˶Ʒ˳ȥ
ҡ
ȵ·ӵܣȥȻУȴӯ֪ղһδʧˡ

ڽնɽʧܣѾҵָĵӣһֻԼȥЩʲô
ء
ڹ˴ʱķڳȥصʬ壬ʹʣʲôһʧܶѣٶɴ˽ٱǣˣԲޣ
ԭڿˣʱֻ죬СڻعͷŲԶһɱˣҪѪȥˡ
Ŷ
ƾ㣿һɽʧ֮ˡ
Ȱ
ͻȻȫϢǣҲ˵⣬͵سϮ˹
һʮңϱϿ࣬ɲʩչÿһ˲䣬㻯Ӱܿ˹ơ
ζʱ̨վԶһ㲻س֣ҿ棬л
桰л֣ζ΢΢üգҲû֣һɨ̨϶ʱһӰ·ھŰˣ˭ҳ͵Ϯؽķ֮¡


1487 Ѫ
䣡
һжϣʱɽ𵴣ڳ֮ˣ޲Ϊ֮һˣ˿ƽɫһʵԶս֮˶ܸܳȻıԪ
֮ǰΪֿ٣ѾľԪȴùһǿ֮ĩ֮˿̵ļǿӣһȶ֮˵ģסöԷ֣ʵѾԪ˥ѳŲ˶á
ȻֲܷˣǿǹȻǿҲֻһʱģֻĵԪȫ֧ʱԿȡ
䣡
һƶϣһƣǱܻ÷˼

±߷ӵܺͳϣʱˣһһЩӼʶǳܻ֪ҳ֪ܲΪ٣˿̼ԪľֻǿŶѡ
䣡
νֹ󣬷ڵѾԽԽԣڴѾŬˣҲزסµĺˮ˿̲һ˾۷ߣһĺˡ
ȥ
Ȼ䣬˳׷ԼɽնɱȥȻƾǵ΢ΪվŸǿܿö
Ҫ
ۼЩ˳ɫ΢΢һ䣬վȴһֻһһǿӿЩɽʱΪ۵ۣϵĶϣЩˣɿֲ֮£˵ˣȫ׹ȥ
һ̫
ЩǰˣĿѣʹԶڳˣҲȻеһľϾǰ˾۷ߣȻǿ֮ĩҲһ㡣
̫ڣǰ˼併𣬴پһУ˰£ҽղɱ㼸ˣȻ˵̫
䵭ؿһ˵ֻǶ񶾵ص
ҡ
һģֻΣ˳ɹھؽ٣̤ھž磬ɵ㼸֣ϧһʧ֮ˣǧ˵ĵʯѣÿ֪꣬Ҫ١
㣡
ڵ˫Ŀֱѿ챾˳ɽ֮գ˳ɹؽ٣Ȼ̤һڿ׷Ѱĵھž磬һУȫˣȫ˶Է
ãá
Ȼ䣬ֻ˫۱øȻϣһɫ棬һѹѪ֮ʱؼ䣡
ǱǡѪ
ԶЩߣ϶¶˾ɫǴδʶҵ̫Ѫ֮ռһ͸ĸоǡѪѹ

ʱĽѪһʱ䣬±ߵڵӣҲߺ
Ѫô
ԶȫƵķڣƽƽһĺ֮ˣ㻽Ѫ֮Ρ
Ȼʱߵζȴǰ⣬̫Ѫ֪Ѫһ̫ѪСȥһҪ⣬Ѫ֮ô򵥡
ҵҪж
ͻȻȫһָһ۹½һĨѽʱú͸ǣԶˣһɲǣҲܵԽĵĺ䣡

һ죬һնȥʱüģȻһħӡҲһħ֮ƣ
ħ֮
Զ˵ɽϾһû뵽ӾȻ̤ħֲֵ֣֮ҲǴ˶֡
ħ֮
ϵħ֮Ҳû뵽ʱȴϸ˼˫һҲһѳɫɽ

һľ켤ѽײȴȫһξ˼

ۼеĽ񽣣вԷǽ±ߵķӵܣס˺

նԵħ֮ҵĵ۹½ȻڻڽѪҲǽڽڰˣһһƵòȥ

ۼƾԣ±ߵĵӣֱʱȻǴڴֹȥһнľ˥֮ˡ

һ۹½Ե˫գڱһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
νѪҲˡڣվˡ
ջص۹½һ̾Ӹ£ؿţԶˣֹķڡ

±ߵķҵӣһ̾ԱԶҲ벻һΪߣǵĴ˵һ׷Ѱǿ֮գ˵Ҫһ˵
ʱƻХͬ
ٺ٣ٺ١
̧ͷŴʱƻĺɫ£һɽĲӰʱڹȥ˰˵ʱѾˣվ˰
ţǶ㲻ɡ
ȻָֻһоѪһ³ԼüĵȥһɲǣʧɫֻһɽӰȻ˷ڵ󣬶ȫȼ棡
ǡ
ԶУ˶¶˾ɫֻ˿̣ɢ̫һĹԣԭĺɫƻ£һãɽ壬ʱȻϵɹâˣ
Ҫ
һ̣±ӵܶ޺˳ʮλϸǳ׾ˣû뵽ȼԼĽѪ
ɱˣԼҲɣΪѪȼԪݽߡ޾ȣ

±ӣʹޱһ̣˫Ѿɽɫ֮Ӱɼġ֮


1488 Ѫȼ
ǿ
ȻʱԶζǸܵˣʱȼǴﵽھž磡
Ҳס˺ԶķڣȻܵǿϢ˵վɻһ˲
ֻҪɱ㣬㹻ˡ
ϵϢԽԽǿնɽʧܣϧǰ֮ͬھΪ֪ɱ˴ˣұؽڽա
ɱңҲá
ȻҲȫԪһնɱȥֻǣϢַΧʱеһɳȵѪ֮ѹԺ粽У
ת
һȣһ̧һѪת֮·˲ŤתǬһɲǣȻ޷Ȼ׻Ҳеȫ֫ٺҪһ㣬ףҲѺۣ

һȴȻδͣһնȥȻһΣȴ¶мһƴӿʱֹ䡱һƲһƴУ󵹷˳ȥ
ǡھž
ԶЩ߶˳ʱڷңȴǱ˲ѣǼľһ
һߣζһ˲̨ǰסˡ
û¡
Ȼǿţղһƣ˲ǵȽ£δܶ㿪ؽشɡ
ҡ
±Щӵܣʱ¶֮飬ܹʲôҲڼԿˣ󲻵òȼ֮ˡ
Ǿž
˿ֿ̧̣ĵĻ·һڿ׷Ѱľžڴﵽˣȴǣľͷһɱ֮⣬ʱж
աΣҪɱ
˺󣡡
ۼںȻϮǿСһ½ζȥһ˲۹£һնʱһ飬˫ֻڴԱѣѪ
ҪɱңϧŲʱ
һԾ֪ȼ֮һ֮ȼʱҲûκвˡ
𡪡
ȻҪɳȥһ˲䣬⸽ȴΪ˵ȽͬСɣǿȥһƣضҷ
һԾŴʱԽԽǿķڣûа취ˣֻܽ⿪ӡ
һ˲䣬ָֻһؿڡء桱⡱Ѩȥ
ӡ⿪һɲǣĿڡѨλãһɫӰӳѪ֮ǿеֵסˡ
Ѩ֮Уʱһϳˣ΢΢ɫ¶ϹŻ
ǡ
˫ֽӡ֮һ˲Ѫ֮Уü֮ϣȻһɫӡ
¡¡
ҲһɲǣϺȻ֣Զ߶¶ɫ١Ҳ˾ž֮
ƾž֮ɽ٣Ƕɽ٣ĳطͻȻǿ쳣ʱͷڣԽںߣͻȻǿ쳣֮٣ȴǶɽ֮٣췣
ãǾͿжǿ
Ȼȫȼһ˲䳯˹ƣ۹£ͬ˼ԣϵһɲǣضɽҡӿһ٣Ȼ˴
¡
һٴ£Զ޲ŵʧɫǿ٣˿̾Ȼǿȫֵ⣡
¡¡
һһٴ£˾Ȼ٣ԼɱԷֽԲ

±ߵķҵӵܣѾˣȼȻǿ˾Ҳǿս
Զζվ̨֮ϣе⣬Ϲ컯֮Զֹڴˡ
¡
˶Ƭ̣ȻҲʧˣ·⸽طѾӦ˾
ϣȻüޱȣǷȼյѪ֮оͷ֪Ѫȼմ֮ǰɱҽգɡ
ɷ
Ȼ䣬ڶ˼ǿľУ±ڵӺͳϾþĶǣþУǱ˵Ѫ֮ѾŲ˶ˡ
һɲǣҲŤһ㣬һɳȵϢֱӿȥ
ϧ̶ֳȵĹ˲ҡ
ȫ֣е۹һնɽʱХ䡱һǾжһ
ԶеһҲľǲѿȼѪ֮ķڣϧڴ֮ǰԪˣʱҲѾǿ֮ĩˣһǿߣվҪڴô
ʱѪʱΨ޾ڡˡ
Ȼһ̧ʮ޾ȻˣʮȻһɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫһɱ֮⣬Ȼָͷ
ˡ
Ҳܵ˴ʱһر࣬ƻ֮£һ·̫ҲһˣϵĽϢʱ˵Ϣȫѹȥ

±ڵĿѣȻһƽʵʵ˷ؿڣۣһѪˣ׹ȥ

·ӵܣأߣһǰ䣬Ҳ̲ס׷ᣬ̾Ϣֹ
ƻ轵٣ڰûںڰ𣿲ڻһѪͲ㡭óѡһǿˣҽȻԲֻΪۣҲҪ㡭ԡԷ֮֮Ѫȼ֮ꡭ
Ȼﲻͣһֻ̣ȫΪԡһ㣬ڵÿһѪȼ

ڵӾѾҲ۽ǣؿţȼѪǣ
ֳǺο࡭
λ̫Ҳ¶ɬǷҵ洫棬ϰãλµ棬Ҳδմ˷û뵽ھȻ˴˷ѵ㵽˽𡭡
˿̣ڳһϣһӰԡǧ֮ۡ۲ŷߵΣ˲ǱˣȴǷ档
û뵽ڣŽ
Ҳҡͷ̾һ˿ȵµǸֻϧΣվǴˡ
ʱҲǲִ£Ҫ˴֮ˣܰŷҶԸܰԸڣõķغϢմδ˵ء
ʱڷϷѪȼ·̫·ɹԣʱ±ߵķӵܣ֮󣬾ͻȻԼ󣬽Ѫȥ

һһеķӵܣ׷׸󣬽ÿڵķѪȥ
ǿ
һ̣Ҳü±Щ˵Ѫ󣬷˵øӿֲˣǶµħڣƾԼѵֵһ
СӡߣѪȼԼˣδ̤ھž磬סһ
ͻȻ䣬˯õĹħԺˣħʱµķ֮ˡ
߲ˡ
һ˲䣬ڱ·һ̫ȼɲδüչȫѱסҲȥˣ
ɣ
ʮɣ
˲ǿҵ磬ҪҲ飬޿ɵֵѴžۣ֮ȻǱ֣֮
ֻܶǸˡ


1489 Ԫݽ
һ˲֮ʣȻ䣬ֻת۹£һԼĿڴȥ
ʲôԶһٶ˽һǲ⣬ζҲδϵѵ

Ѫӿһ½۹½ȾѪ죡һɿֲͬ˲أ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
·һؼ˶ܹ֮

۹£ָһȫԪѪΪȫעȥ
졪ءˣ
һɲǣȼȫԪѪΪǵݳ⣬ؤĬңŽ죡أˣ
ԷͬСɣС˽ԪؽһԪ콣Ҫʮֿ̣Ƹ۵һһ˲䣬ȼȫԪ֮ˣɵıԪľݽߡ
콣ǷʹҲмأǲҪѪΪȻʩչ콣ΨѪΪʩչһ

˸ԳХһ㾡֮ͷųǿһһĻķ޲𾪣֮䣬˿̾ĶԾ
䣡
һնѣ𣬷Բʱ̹ɳգؼȻһƬ磡
֪˶ã֮ɢϣֻ񽣣ֻʣһض̶̵ĽˣҲĿݵ׹ȥһһ㣬Ϊҽ
ӵܿ޵úأȻһսǳ䶨
Уɫ԰ףͬʱˣҲˣһƬһƬ֪ʱ޸
ǺǣǺǡ
Ŀȴ޷ֹ˿̣ţ޷ֹƻ٣ڰһһûգüһѪһΣ̫ŽѪ
һһ죬һ̫ŽѪȡ˹һö·һöӨ͸ꡣ
ˡ
ڵճ˻ҽǻǣδȼɫ԰ףԪľʱֻܼԪ֮ͷųѾʼɢĻǣʩչ˽
ɷɷɷ
𣬰ɫĻ·ޱļһ˲ס˷ɢĻǣ϶ʱƷ
⣬⡭
ˣŵɫɷףǷӦɫ˲ŷڵĻʧ
⣬ɫأô£ڶ˽ǱӦɢؼ䣬Ǵ޽ˣҲ޷ֹСӣΪξܽסؼʲôͨ
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һ˲䣬ƽȹ˱Ǳʶһ֣ʱ׹Ԩ޷ɫɷ׵شһ˳
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쳹أ˻һǿղһĻŵĵѣʱҶԣֱӽնԼһֱۡ

ԣҪЩ˲ԼѾԪݽǰ콫鴦ϣ಻ҶԣʧһۣܱȶҪãʱԶˡ
߿һĻЩƽڡšȣڳ˵㲻϶ɣҲʵȴɥȮһĶӡ֮˵֣ؽɽ磡
˿̣棬в棬ԼЩһãȻĵӣʮĳϡ
ǱĿ֮ʱ˸һһ˲㣬Ρ
֮ڣɢ壬뿪˳ǣǰоۼ֣ؽնݳ
һһ°ԶЩס˺ɱЩˣȴҪǽɢӴɽ磬޷ˡ
֮콵޹֮գűǷõĽְɣ
ߡ
ٶԣζҲ̨̼ȥ
뿪ǺӲɫԽԽ԰ףζס̫أóȻԪʵ
û¡㿴׷ûС
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ζعͷ
ߡؿڣȻζ̨ʱԶȴһϢ
ȵȡ
ϢϢķǰȻˣɡ


1490 飬ʱ
ֻĺɫãԶɽ棬߳һӰǷ棬ζҲ䱸ƾһˣȻǷĶ֡
ȻʱȴԱȽ򶨣е˵ظղųһУǰҲˡ
ˡ
ͬһ˵ţһѾԽԽˣ֪ΪΣζʼոоˣϰɱ
⸽һˣڳұˣǰڴ˽ɱˣҲ֪ȥҲֻǷ֮׷֮£
Ŵһһ±øӺˣζû
˴Ȼóһö˵Ҹո鹬ȥѶ˵ܿͻȥˡ
óе㣬һݣ漴ƽ˵ˣֻ·˴ѣڷųһСǷҵĽǷھȡҲִ¡
ȻˣǾлǰˣ»ҪȸˣŶˣһ¡ǰҲġ
һ˵ţһζʾʾ⣬ζҲٶ̼ͣ޹̨Զȥˡ
ҹĻȻɫԽԽ԰ףҲԽԽ⣬ζ˿֪ȥزȥ鹬ܰ·ûˡ

޷ŵס
˿̣˵ҲЩˣζ濴˿˵Ӧû׷Ҵطȡ
š
ûжԣղڳһڵʵԤ룬ҺǴ˴˶ɽ٣һ˶ɽٳɹûκʤ㡣
֮ǰʱƾŶµħȻħڣɱһʵҲ谭ÿһΣضĲ⾳ʹͻƸߵľ硣


ûû¡
ɫԽԽѿʶʼģζǰһɽȥ˹УֻϪдŲľ㣬Զʱʱֵ£˼֮ҹ
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ζҵһ䶴ѨʱʶѾʮģһֻüΧ۾ȴˡ
һһ
ܿ죬ѾҲȫʧȥʶζ£˫Ƶϣȴ֪֣Ϊ̫أַѰ֮ˣͨҽóȻ˹ܻʹԷƸء
ҹ࣬һ̣ζеЩãȻ֪룬˼룬շ֮ģڹķ޸
Ȼ׼澭֮ʱɽ棬Ȼһ紵˽
ʲôˣ
ζɫһֻ̾棬Լз紵ݶɳɳ漴һ䵭ŮϹȡ塢ڡ̫ҼѨóȻֻʵ䷴ƼӾ硣
ֻ¹£һӰ˺Ѫ޾£ȴ˪ֻһۣ׹ޱ޾ĺԨ
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û˼ӳΪĽ쵽н֮δ壬˱ˡ
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һɲǣζܵһ˿Īĺ䣬һ˿䣬ǰλӣȫ޷͸ԷΪԷĹҲܿ͸
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ÿ
䵭ζһȻһʶôѵ֮
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ζŰɣջǽϵȥˣǼ˿ڣĿģѰҽ߼ֶŵ޴룬֡
Ӳԣһ˫ӡϱ任Ѩȥ
ζԿţڹŵʮ־տԭҲϰ֮ˣһҲΪ˵á
ǧ䡱ǧڶ½ǹң䲻ȴ壬ڵҲΪҴڹǧ
ǧ丸ױԴڹ̫һǧ䱳ϣ˲Ψǧתǧ֮ʱֲŻֳ
ǴΣƶ֮ʱҪԼ˹Ȼⷢϳµ֣Щ־ͷ·ѪҺһת֡ɼǧ丸ף˱ֶܵΣȻҲһڹ֡
ʱζĿתؿţ輫ߣ˿óӵҲʮ־ֻڹȫͬڴʱʹַЩˡ
һ־׼֮ڣ
šЩҩĺҩӶǵôҪҵĻһ
š澭ͬ˹ַȻҲ졭
ȵȵȵȡһ˵̫ˣңЩǲˡףʲôζ滹ҩ˲ˣȫˡ
һĻһĻ·ֻص˵ڶ½תѾȥʮˣԭǵá
ˣȥЩҩڼѧһЩҩִ֮һЩ˷֪ʶһֱգǵá


1491 ɺ쳾
ʱȶҲ޸һӣɽȥǰֻعͷҪ
ȵȡ
ζʲôɻδڣǰκ˵ӰϢ˿δ¡
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ˡ
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šʲô𣿡
ûС
գվȻϵްȼȫԪֻһߣһָˡ
ζ鹬Ǳߣ֪Σڻȥɡ
š
Ҳԣþɽ鴦ϣȻ˼䣬뿪Ѿȥˣʱ˼˲Ϣ䣬Ҳ֪ڵľΡ

º˻ص鹬֮ǰ֮򣬼챻ռˣֻʣһ鹬ջħֱӳɱ˾ߣʣµģӡ
һžǰ̶գ鹬㽫ʧݵĵطȫ˻Щ֮ˣ׽ˡ
𡭡ϣ
ʱ˳ӭӣ£ڷǣɱžķڣɽ紫÷зΣδȴֱһžߣոʧأУȻ
ֻҪһᵽ֮ЩǱ꣬δľžǿߣҪΪ֮һ
֮Ҳ˸Ҵ֮ˣʱ鹬ΣŵģǴ˴֮ˡ
ҵȲóȻЩˣһֱڵϻ
š
΢΢ףŴŵЩˣԼʮȫǰ˾ĸ֣ɱˣδϧ
ָֻһʮ˷ˡħʮħ֮ʶ˲Щü֮С

㡭ңʲô

Ŵ˿ЩʹӣƵ˲һǵֶΣҲЩˡ
һǡħ֮ӡŴʮüʧӽ֮ߣ
һԣʮ̰ؿǰˣӽǵͲԼˡ
ţǳ
ǣϡ
ˣһһϵĽƴˣҲԣָһջЩϵ
ǰʮˣҲǣȻҲҪļֵҸղŵĻסô
סˡ
ûħ֮ʶʮҲҷħЦЦЩˣɱ˱ǣõ鷳뵱֮ɱ˲֪ˡ
ԣʮ˸ǻһǰŮʵֲ޶˵òȻɱֶȴһȥǼǧҲֵס
߰ɡ
תȥɱЩˣȻ֪˼ΣЩߣȥ˼󣬶ǲ׵սһҲ֮
պ󣬴鹬һУҲָòˣ㼴ǰȣȥɶȽɶԼ򿪣Ҫ˼ˡ

º󣬹ɾɶһϣ˫֧ãŹķôˣ绹
ɶ
ʱ㵽ˣһģζͻħһΣħҲȥ˼俴
磡ɶһ˹ȥЦһΣûƭɡ
ɶЦ绨ḧ˸ͷ˵ɶҪ˼ˡ
ѽô𣿡
šڻȥ֮ǰҴӦ˹ˣǴ顣һ˵ţһӿȥ龳ںδ
ӵһȥģŮۺ⼸Լ˵ЩϣѾˡ
š
˵ͷóȽ࣬ʧϾغɽ
պӴλ޵ġ龳ͬСɣƽǲκ˽룬ֻŮۺоˣѾǰˡ
飬˵ܹͨĵطǺʱڹɽ磬֪ʮֳ㣬ãȴҪܴ򿪡
˿̣Ůֵʱ䣬ѾɣֻҪ㽫ļɡ
á
ǰƬգֻһǺӣֱͨϣǱν顱澿ʲô֪ˣҲܹȥ
Сˡӡӡ峾˽ȻҲڣʱ˹
¶ᾡ
ԣǰ˫ֽӡͬʱ⿪ˡء桢⡱ѨӡһϹʱŷɳ˲֮С
һɲǣƬնĴҲųɹâţһһҹڴ򿪣棬һɰʱӿ˳
ˡ
ʵЩţϹ֮Ȼܹ򿪣Щ򿪣ֺαȥϹ֮ǵΣ֮أΣ֮£
ʱӿɽطǾúһһЩήĻݣֶ
Ȼֻʱģ޷ɽԴͷϵ⣬ڶڹ˶ԣǽȼü֮ˡ
ԼѾ򿪣֪˼ͨǷҲѾ򿪣
Сѷģ֮ǰȥ˼ͨѴˡ
һȥ棬ŮߣлҪ˵ֹʵŮۿлҪ
š
Ůۿ˿Զƺ˵ΣҲһȥ˼ˣȻҺλʦڹɽ绹Щ飬޷뿪
йأüһʵ
˿̣ûˣŮۿҡҡͷȴֲ˵ʲôطʲô顣
Щɻ󣬲ܿ㼴Ȼǰ֮£ǻ˼䣬ɽ¶ҵˣ뾡졣
֮һһƬޱ޾ƺ˴ƺЩ񵱳ɽĵطֲȻ
Ů۵˴Իɺ쳾ˣһֱ£ͨ˼䡣˴ӵΣҲ˼ɡ
Ůۡ
΢΢һû뵽Ů۾ȻҲ˼䡣Ůۿǰƺڹȣһʱⰲ˴
лŮۡ
ЩٶˣѲ֪˼ʲôӡ
ȲҪŮ˹˵˼䣬мϡ
񡭡
һ£֪ʲôҪ˵ȻʳŮѽһʶӡԺ


1492 к쳾
ɺ쳾㣬еˮһʦҪ˼䣬вᣬԱӽС֪Լ˷֪ʱܹ飬˵ˮ£ҲڵӣҪڼ
ʦ壬ңһġ
ˮᣬʱֻɺ쳾֮Ȼһҹ꣬ͺ޿ͳˣڵ쳾ססɽȥ
ʱ·Զƶ˱˰Ȼڸ˶ϣֻǺƺѾһҶۡ
磬磡쿴쿴λϲŴˣ
ɶ䣬һָֻƺϵıۣԵʮ˷ܣ·һУ˺档
λɡ
һ۱㿴Сϵİüɣǵɽ֮ʱ֪ǰʱϺȻֵɽˡ
ŮЦλǺ쳾ˡڴ˴ʡ²ٹˡ
˵ʱƺϵİüɣѾСʻˣ֮ˣһ̣Ҳǧпֵּˡ
Ǻǡ
üһЦǰСԺ쳾쳾ȥпУ
ȥֻããɽɽ뵽գȥʱ״ʡɪȥҲ޷Ҳ硣
һ̣лȻʣһĳɣΣΣǺ쳾ǧͣȴ޲˵ΣɷһΡк쳾ˣ쳾к쳾ɡ

üЦһк쳾ˣ쳾к쳾ɣλϴɣ

ɶıһȥˣҲ˴Ů۵ͷҼλѣȫ˼ˡ
ǺǣϸŮۣһذաŴȥӰʧƺ
ʦ壬һҪƽˮŴӰʧķгǧ

ƺ֮ϣУһ꣬ٻף֪ɽɡ
ɶڴϣ쵽棬ͷ·ˮ滮һˣһȺɫĺ
һּʵ磬磬ղ˵к쳾ˣ쳾к쳾ɡʲô˼ѽ
ḧ˸ͷ˵㳤ˣ֪ˡ

ɶ죬СɶһҪ쳤󡭡к쳾ˣ쳾к쳾ɣǾк쳾Ǻ쳾أ
Բʫ˼ű˵ʹɽ磬к쳾Ժ쳾ͬԼ㣬Ȼɼϵ˼һУվǺ쳾ˣҲǡ
ٷЩң֮ˣǲɣȴңɣǱǺ쳾ɡ
ʱƺȻΣһҶҲҡɶڴϣһδȣЩȥ

ɶ
ԽԽͣһץסɶסˣδСֺȻ¼׹ȥһ˲ûƺ֮С
ʱȴѻص˼䣬˴ڣԪɽ
ô¡
ǰһĻƻֻϣһѺۣԨ֮Ŀġ
ǡ죿
ţ̶꣬˼侹ѷ˱ʣʱߺȻ¡¡֮ѭȥֻɽǱ߷ͻȻգɽ壬ȻݣɽϹ¥̨ͤ˲볾
ΣһΡ
ǰһĻţ߷ˣһֱһֻʦȻΣҲѸǱ߷ȥ
¡¡
߷ɽ壬סɽϵӣ̼˵ˣвˣֱӱЩ档
ʦʦ
ٶȴ˼ޣɵȿ֮ʱΪ֮裬ɽĸһɼǿ֮ǿȻɽҲ˿ܲס·ֻҪٿһЩر˺ѳƬ
ʱǳУˣϾһӰ˷ͨ죬ƾһ֣ɽ塰塱סˣ⼸ɽ壬塢Ȩ塢请塢塢塢壬˲ѣȥ
ǰһĻĿѣϣյһУȥˣȻ⣬Ҳܲסɻصһ˲֣ˮϪ̨̲һ˲顭
ʦ
ǰȥҲ޷֮У˵ˣһȥȴһӹأλأΪλϡ
ѡ
ʱһߵ۾ǰһУΪϤǡ
ֻǰȻɽɽ֮϶Χﾹǲɽġɽ֮š˽ڣһģһĳ
ղſ濴ʲôˣ
ȵȣô¡
һģһĳ𰣬µ˽ڡô£ѵһУֻһղڿ̽ɽ֮϶棬ѵһУȻֻɽ֮϶￴δ
ΣһΡ
ŬʹԼѹΣ޷һڵģĴδȥɽ磬ȻϹ֮桭

Ȼ䣬еһͷʹѣʵЩѱ棬ղô£ɽô£ǵӰ־˭
硭磡
ʱߺȻɶһۣǰȻǲɽããɽΧһУȴʱһˡ
Ƕû°ɣ
Χûˣֻζӡħɶʱζ˹üղǺǴģû°ɣ
˼䣿
ħδ˼䣬ʱе棬ΪҲ·ѹһ֣˼䣬Щ
磬ôˣɫôѿû°ɡ
ɶܻɽҰģһҲûУҲûлݲݣûС¹ӣȫЩɫʯͷһϢ֮ǰȫͬЩ¡
ɶû£¡
ϸ˸ʱɽĵط˼䣬˼䣬ڻˣֻһҲûУ
ȵȣǿǡ
ֻϣһѺۣǵԨһ£͸ղ￴ĳȻһģһ


1493 ˼֮
ǡ
Ҳһ𣬾Ȼڸղ￴һģһѵǡ
֮Ԩ
üǵ׵Ѻۣ˵֮Ԩĺ棬졭
ȥҲ˵˼ͨ
Ϊ
ɫģҲȻ뵱ʱڹȣǴӸܵ˼䴫쳣Īʱ֮Ԩ˼ˣ
磬Ǻ棬Ǻÿ£ɶЩ¡
ɶץֱۣЩ̧ͷȥԨ
ɶ£ûµġ
ʹѾһҲֱֻŸղ棬һĻȻЩļ¡
벻ȥ꣬˼侹ѳ˴ıʣɽһҲûУ뾡ϻ죬Ҫ֪ʲô¡
жδʴ֮أ뼴̻ȥһ·ˡӻعͷ˵
㣬㣬Ҫ𡭡ɶЩᣬԭһû뵽һ˼䣬Ҫֱ
š
ḧ˸ӣ˵ɶһҪ˼䣬Ҳܡ
ţɶ
һɽȥˣʱ뼸˴Ǳ󣬱㼴һ⣬ʴ֮Ǳ߷ȥ
ζȻҲҪȻң֮󣬵˷ֲ·Ҳ໤ݱˣֻɶлħ˹ͬȥԪ
벻˼䣬Ҳ˳桭
һ·ϣħ˼֮أϹ֮Ҫ棬ˣ˼֮ˣֺαضɽȥ
š
Ҳˣ뿪Щ꣬˼ȵŨˣһЩطѾ˹ɽ档
֪ԪΣΣһ·ҲĹ;ֻ֮ȥ
֮ڻصԪ򣬿ɲ֪ΪΣ޷촫ȥѶ帽ɶΪĻݲݣ۷ħΪߣһ±ܵˣɸ߿֮ϣ
棬˵죿
šϹʱڣһλ£ȥһ
ˣȥȥҲ޷ħһȴ·˫һ㣬Ϸȥ
СģϹŽơ˵꣬Ҳһ´ɶɸ߿ȥ
󿪣һ֮ˣҲϵʱֻƺеɽ磬ȴɾ
ħʶ㣬ҲΪ˴Ļڹɽȴʮ֮һ

ֻϵͷޣ벻˼䣬ٵһɾϹʱڣһطҲ֪Ϊɵᣬҵôһ
ж꣬ɶĹȴ֪࣬Ĳ˵ƺƬħ򣬵ô£Ҳ˵塣
ۡ
ɶҲΪ˴ɾҲãǹҲգ鹬òΨһõģǵѺۣ·ģܸܿܵ͸ɭȻ
죬˼
ħЦЦƺѾˣ˴˶츣أСӲᵱûзְɣ˵ǻ˻ˣҪȻһطڴؽΣ
Ȼԣ˼䣬ˣ롣𵱳Ϲۣ֮Իħ࣬ϾԷҲһžǿߡ
Ƭ̺棬ԶԶ㿴һϹŽƣüͷһ壬֮أѵ뿪ʱ䣬
֮󣬾һϹŽƣʮʹΪҲóȻȥӲ±ɶȥ
ô£ⲻĵطôƵҲ֣˶ʶˣ
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ɶ£ǰϹŽƣǲǿ洫ȥһ歷ˣ£ǿڣ
͸ǲƣ»صű棬һ֮߰
֮ʱ쳹һѵ壿
ֻħǱߣһӰ֣ȷʵ壬ֻǶԱ𵱳ѾһͷϾȻ룬жһƬɫֻۣಿλΪһƬƬɫ۸ǣкɫħ֮͸
ϡղǸ𣿡
һ³ӣ歷˺£ҲѸϣƺ֮ϣӰ󣬼û˸ţĻˡ
ϡϣϣϻˣ
ϣϣ
֪ΪΣĵӴʱ˼µţκϢûյǰɽͨȻˣգǰ
򿪽󷨣
歷һ£̴ؽƣ巢һһ³˹

ɶǰȻһ󲻸ҳϢѱȵǿ̫̫ࡣ
Ҳû뵽ڻδȫһɹǿ̫ʥĸˣ
ɶ£˺ǡ
ǣô
ɶЩ£֮󣬲С֣ͷϵᴥȥԡ
ȻһͷʧܵԶԡħһϳʵҲ췢ֵģ
岢ҵ˵Ƚȥһ˵ţһߴɶȥ
ӭϹ
һ䵽ϣ죬׷񣬵ɶͻȻôˣһʱЩֻ̽һСԴգգۣЩǡ
ϡ
歺£ȻЩţȻҲܳˣѷǷϢֿԱ߻ħŮ˸һǲѷ֣һͬˣǷˡ
λɽʶѣɶҺ˵˴ɶǣ˳ɶ¡
ϡ
˿̣歷˺£ƺл˵Ҳʣ£ĵģδʵЩ꣬δ𣿡
ԣ歷˺¶һۣ˾ҡҡͷĬĬͷƺЩ䡣
޷
ɽ¶Ѿˣأģ
Ŵԣ˸ǲ˵ˣһͷԽ֣üͷһ壬ٴʵôˣ
溹
̧ͷ˵ʲôջֹһΣüøˣʵôˣôˣ
溹ңˡ歷̧ͷһ˵


1494 
һɲǣ£ޱȰ˶ͷûһ˵歷ˣòŵղš˵ʲô

歷üͷԽԽ֪ѽʵһУղ룬ٸǶԷȴˡ
˵
ȻһȣɶҲˣԱ߻ħòɫһ½˹ȥҡҡͷ
硭
ʱԶ仨׷ֻһµ˹꽣üĿһѰ彣Ǳˣȴǵ׺һȥ꣬յ꣬Ҳˡ
硭
겻׺˫֮УȻӯҲãƽŰ½ǲúûܱ溽㡭
СסѾ꣬ǲˣ׷£׷ˣ
أġ
ǰԱ屣š
ȥ
Ƭ̺һ·ϣʱڹ·ҩݣЩҩȴȫήˣ·壬壬ĳһ·塣
ʱһصıڽԱʴǣ溣ڵĺϣһ㺮
溡
Ѹ˹ȥһ̧ʩչ֮ԴԴ϶ȥȻȴһ㷴ӦҲûС
ҲûáЩһ֮̽£ŷȫǴϣ顭
Ǳʥ֮ɱġһɲǣø£ɱϺҪʴǣ
歷˵һ̤ڰ˾ĸ֣޼ɡ
޼ɡ
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ʲôˡ
壬μ޼ɡ
塭
һݣδ˵ʲô壬ѵԪŵأ壿
µߺֵġԪ֮һطΪҵ
歷˽ŵߺ꣬ҺȻǿпħʵ̫ǿҲ֪Ǻ֧ţԺֻ죬պϹŽ赲ǽ±ߡ
˴歷˲ټ˵ˣȻ±߶ŶѾ˹֮
ֵǰһսЦǰԾشǼҴӣ˴һΪ˫ضƴǲڶ࣬һĹգֻ˻졭
˴ּͣͣ˵ϸ£ǻֻǵʱĽ裬޷Ҳ׳ȥֲذ˷Էҵƽ֮
أΡ
溹
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Ȼأ
Ȼ󡭡
üŵ˵ҪһΪѩѩѩɽ֮ϣұ˵ȥѰȴ˵Уѩɽѩ̫ұϲҲժ̣֮Ψժ
˴³̾źϵ溣˵ʬλʦôġ
ʱصǰ
溣˼ȥһȥ̫ΣˣҪȻҹӰȥ
˶෴ױ¶챾ֲˣħڤǱҲʼտڰز¶ʱȥء
溽㣡ȥ֪ģ
šҲУ׺ȥ֮װͨ˼ңⱻҵ߷֡
ţ溽ģǰ̹֮
ǡһҪСġ

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溽㣬˵곾δ㣬ǱǱЩ׷ɱӵɽȻϲ϶Է𣿡
Щ˭˵ģ
½ҵİôѵ𡭡
߰ɣɽϺ䣬վһЩ
ããѩɽѰҹҵһɽѩ
溽㣡ҵˣҵѩˣ
Ȼѩѩɽѩϡһֻһ䣬ҵΨһһˣ׺ҵģ
ٺ٣Һͳȥǹ֮֮ûҵҵһͨȥϣǴһֹ֮飬Ӵ˱֮Ӧʮˣٺ٣溽㣬֮ǰô˵ţҪûɣ
š˺һЩҽѩժ

̤Ьٴȫѹ򡭡лǰҵѩشˣоˡ
ʱԶȻһ
ʲôˣ
ˣҵˣһҸղ̫󣬰Ҳˡ


1495 ޼
ֻԶһţʮˣΪǸ£ðȵĹӣźµˣϽԳɱ
¹ӣǹҵĶӣֳǴӹĽ֮ǰĽЦľˣ¼鵤ҩٶ࣬Ҳδ
Ǻǣ죬ˣããأأ
ֻһҡӣһ߻˹׺ǰߣ˵ԣͰٶ࣬˳Էʲôá
ЩԼˣϵɱһ±øˡ
ȴһ죬ĿĺϣҪлҵѩˣԹԽӻῼǷǡ
׺ҪѩԼȥѩ컹ðȰȵģ㲻ҿӶˡ
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Сף㿪˲Ƶ׺ǰߣ顱һס˹һ
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溽㡭
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𰵵ֻʶܶԷĹƣȻ溵Ĺȴһǿһÿһȡ
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޼ɵ˵ͷԶ˿溿˿ȻɱһŮҽɣһҽ˵ãȥ˼⼰ˣһ̧һӡ
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溽㣬溽㡭һҪ¡Ҫ¡ңһȥа
׺㼲ں棬Щ˺ܿ׷ӰɲֻҩˣԵֵһ֡
Сӣվס׷ݡķɽն
׺ҲЩΪṦһչܿѷɽĹʱǶսṦһ˲ǰ˰ɾ롣
ɾʱͷ֮ϣȻһӰǾһǧӰ˲Ϣ䣬㽫סˡ
⡭
׺һȻϵúһϵĳ֣Ṧٿ죬ҲӲˡ
ǧһ֮ʣԶһݡһȻɢ˹޼ǵӰ
֪ǰλѣɷһ
޼Žķû뵽ѩصɽϣȻһλ֡
֮ʱֻѩ֮УһŮӴ컺䣬ŮһƮƮվϲȾһƬѩһҲóˣ˼ڵӣȻ˾˫Ůӡ
ֻŮӻ׺ԣ׺Żеĺӣԭز֪룬ګګؿǰλɽٵŮӡ
㣬㡭



1496 ˼ѩ
ǧѣҾˮˮʲô˼
޼䣬λͻȻٵŮӣǱˣǧѣʱ꣬ΪҲɲˡ
˿̣Ź޼ɣط֮أذɡ
һŴԣ޼ɸĿÿ£ҲһµͳࣺϷΪꡮѩûκιϵ£ò֡
ǧȴ׺ȥһ죬ʾ⽫ѩ׺ĺӣһ룬½˵ǰǳʦãѩøӦǲ⡣
Ƭ̣׺ǽĺӽǧѣǧѽתԶĹ޼ɿȥѩҵҪȡ
㣡
״һ»عƣָĪҪƲԳԷƣҿҲ
ϻδ˵꣬޼һֹ̧סˣĿһǧϣڼȨס
ȲΣǰŮӣѴ£֪ĵڶ޳۶֮ˣһϣ۶Ҫ
޼Լָ㣬̤ڰ˾ɶǰɲŮӣԴֹ˼ɣûǾžΪóȻһܾˣ˭Զûкô
ãǧӡȻǺη
޼ɰɱɴʱȴֻ֣ܳȻǧҪѩϷҲͲˡߣ
үү
Ȼвʣѩֻһ꣬û˴ҽδˣοһССŮӶѣŸʲôүүҲҪ˼ɵ
ߣ
޼ɲԣɫȻЩˣ֮ԻɵǧѣֻΪǧ޳۶һΪɲ⡣
ߣһ䣬ʵؿǧһۣ湫޼ɶȥ
ܿ죬ѩѾûЩ˵ټֱʱ׺ŷӦǧ㡭ˣô
ǧѻعͷеĺӻ׺ӹӣ˵溽һǴˣҪȥ
Ƭ̺׺ֻص˸ղɽϣķѩԽԽˣȴҲڸǣһ̯Ѫ
㡭㣡
׺㼲һ¹ѩ溷תʱɫ԰ףӱû˺
溽㡭溽㣡ѰѰ㡭Ѱ㡭
ᣬű׺ǧ˹̽죬֪ɢ˵Ѿˡ
ġģġ׺ݺᣬֹ統һ㣬ԣûκڲء
ǧվԱߣȴƽˮûκβ˵ʲô
ԣ׺һ£̧ͷһֿۣŻû˺溣溽ˣѹ
ǧѵ˶ȥؼ䣬ؼ䣬һнѭкοɱ
׺˵ֲǣ޵ˮѹѹƥռСҧˣҲѹҪ溽ȥ
һ߿ţһ߽溱ŷѩҡεǰȥˣֻҩ˸ң֪˺¡
ŷѩ֮£ѶǰӰǧһվá

Ƕȥɡص棬һУûб顣
磬Բ𡭡
׺ʣҡͷһ̾˰ļʾ˶ȥһ˾
Ƭ̺˶ȥˣصֻͿӡźϣһ溣ãתҽʥҩʥλǰǶλҲûа취𣿡
ҡҡͷĬ
תȥźϵ溣һתʵɽʹأ˵ҲͬһҲʦ㣬һᡭ
ɳĬҲټ˵ȥˣЩ㱣ЩãûԹ
һʵǰأҲûа취𣿡һ˵ڣа취Ǿɢ췦
Ǿɢ
һֻ̣еЩתֵǡ㲻ʥôҲûа취
һһַ̣·˵һ£֮£ܾ
֮£ܾŲЩҡΣҡͷδ붼ΪȴУ
ӵδһ˵Ҳ֣δһ֮һһ˵֪Ǵʲôܸоδһ£ɹȥ̽ȴûзκ
δ롭
㱣λ¶Ϲȴûüȥδ롭
գĿ⻹ϣ桭κΰ취Ҳû𣿡
ӱĿа취꣬Ȳ޶һȲ÷磬֮£ܾʥΣһΣһ޵У˾ηΡ
ǰȳȥɡ
ص氲տҲȥˣֻʣһˣϣźϣһ


1497 ű֮
»һУͶˣ溽㣬Բ𡭡뵽һ̣溶ѩи絶
Щ꣬ô䣬в飬յһУεΣǵãûˣ溾ǳΨһһСʱһУǵ
Ӵ㣬㣬ۡ
ָ˴ǲǣ
û֣׷ҰСˤġ
˵ǺɽҰϹһǼ׳һҲ£ôСȥ׷ã
׷СҰ
һҸ㣬ԺȥЩˣǰɱˣǮȥˣأûˣ
ҲŲԹϴ˵ҪһδһΣ㣬ô˵𣿡
ô˵ģ
˵ԵСү㣬֪ҽʲô𣿡
ţ
ﻹ汻һסˣҽʲôģô˵˵ҽҽңҿҲǮ
㡭
Ӵۣ㡭

Сʱļ䣬һĻһĻ˿ȻϵˣȴҲ޷۾ˡ
溽㡭
֮ʹӿҪߣ֮׺ޱޡ
̼ǵõ꣬£ȫϣԺ֮Уһֱ֪ǸϤչԼŮ˭ֱȫˣŷ־Ȼ溡
һʧͨһҲԱÿһΣοÿÿҹʲô춯溶ֳʲô¡
һУǵҲһһƬƬļ䣬ʹġ
溽㣬Բ𡭡
Գܵʹ࣬Ҫ˻¾ŵǰ˯ѵˣһÿÿЪ˹ĴУܻܽţ˵û£û¡
̼ǵã溵ʱµӣǺ£ͻȻʧȥһ벻ִ¡
ҺúöЩҽ飬ҲķҲûС
ʱ˿̣絶ֱڣźȻʶ꣬뿪ȵʱ溽ǰʮѪʦ֮õķȴԼ
ű䣬ű䡭
Ȼ뵽ʲô๬÷磬ҲҪסű䣬ű᲻о֮
溽㣬һ취ֻ˯˶ѡ
ȥ棬˽ԿʱѾűҲһЩ֮δزС
ǰ鷳Ѿűҡ
Ҫʲô
Ҫҵ֮
㡭
գӻǽű佻ű飬ʮֹأϹ飬һĶֻղ֣ţǽ˳ң飬ȻŸ溺ͿӶδ֡
˾ű䣬صĴһȥʱ䣬һʱȥδ빬δ뾲ڴϣؿϷһѩ
һѩиʹ಻ѣ溣ѩδ룬ʲôʱŻ
ʱֹȥգЩ죬һҲδ뿪ˣҹڶоű䣬Ҳκ˴š
Ѿüδˡ
棬ºҲҽȥţֱĺɫʱûƵƣЩ谵䡣
磬硭
һϸϸŮֻɶųų˽飺ɶ
粻Ҫ˺òá
ɶʱ㲵ӣҲ̲סˮ粻˵˼кöȤĶôɶȥ
ɶԲ𡣡ὫţҲЩ˵Ŀɬʱ䣬£ȥ桭
ţ
ɶܶµص˵ͷգһ˫ˮĴۿЩ죬ɶÿ춼ȥҽ棬Ÿ顣
콥ˣ˽ﻹһЩʳϡ
ˣһ߰ɡ
ҡҡ֣Ϊ㣬緲һʳûθڳκζ
ˣǰΣ
Цǰ
΢΢üЦһ˶λʥǿߣȴͻȻ񼲷˹Ǽλ֣Ҳʧ˰ˣҲ˼طɣڱչػָ
š
ֲ֮뵽գǰȻδҲҪɱԴӵ꣬ǰʦһָش󣬺ʱ˵ǰĿ񼲣ԽƵˣÿÿ֮ʱȫʧ䣬书ҲҲ֡
£ǵøˣǰչ֮ʱκ˶ÿϷǱߡ
ϷİɣЩ˶֪
Щ죬±˽⣬ƽʱЦָҲʮÿο񼲽Ҫʱ·ԼҲԤУǰصκ϶Ϸȥ
УЩ꣬ƺǱ춯
ƺǱƬħ򣬵ʮ־裬ϴΣڶ¼ħķ֮Ǹ̫ˡ
ƺǱߣ춯ϴɷġ
š
ҲٶˣһССĸ󣬲ܵסƺƬħĴڡ
ڹ塭
ʱᵽʱԸܵһɿµĺ⣬ЩڹֲֻᣬԽˣԽһֱǰ֮С
ˣ£ȥɡ
ǣϡ
½㣬ȵң
ɶҲѸٸȥЩѾµˣħҲʱһ֮أ֮á

ʱֹȥգЩɲ߲ݵоű䣬뵱ʱֹ֮澿ʲô
ţһ飬ֻǱ򵥣һô򵥣˾˼
죬һֱ⣬ʱˣ￴˿üʵϻû𣿡
￴˿عͷҡҡͷС˵Щ죬һҲδ߳Ҳκ˽롭
ȥС
üͷһ壬ձȥȰȰˣͷҲͰˣڶȥһˣԼΪоű䣬ҳȻ溵ķ˶ѾˣλܸǷ棬ӱһУ˭Ҳ
֮˺òײŵȵĻɢǿпӣڹϣɥȥ
¹ºȻҪﴳ룬һֽסˡ
𰣬ÿüһȻѾǽȥӲϣҲҪϳ
˵ˣûκ˲ڣ¹ȥɡȻڵǰܶǶǴȥ

һһȥʱֵ˵¹ҪΪҡ
ÿ¹ƽͣȴҲã˾Ȼ
ʲô˴òɿ֮ʱ֪ʱ˵ſڡ
ϡ
ͣ˺һͷ̧֣ͷ
ûˣ˴ֱȥˣһɲǣº𰶼ظܵһ˿ĺ
ȵȡϣ
ºȻоϽЩԾɵ̧ͷʱǰȴӰˡ


1498 
˷ҵ
·֮ϣ쪣ľű䣬飬ôδйء
ĹһΨűһŹű䣬֪λҿԡű䡯Ϊ
֮󣬿ӱĿ˼ã˵˷̫죬شӹ񣬽˸ҳԣɹĿܣʮ֮һ
ֻҪһ˿ĿܣҶ
ת֣صؿ֪زݣȻɹˣҲؽһˣ֪ˣζʲôʧˣ˥ܣ޿ġ
νˣÿ˶Լˣڷ֮Уʢģңƽƣ˥ģͷؤһ롣
һ;ҲǣǸ˵㣬һѳ֮أǣˣһ˥ܣҵ䣬ŵ㣬޷֮ա
ΪȻˣҲҪһԡ
֪˷
飬Լ˵ǻδأΣ˺ľȻʱ㲼Ϲ֮ʲô£֮𣡡
ѵҪҾȥ𣡡
ΪҲǰ÷ϣΨһĵˡǿԣԸһһ
ӿãɫ̾Ĳ˵ġ

ΡΡ죬Ц죿ҴУ죬ҪңǾĳξ壡
¡¡
֮ʣȻ֮䣬Ƭ죬ϺӿףǺƺɴ
ĵӶͻһĻסˣֱãĺƲɢȥ·棬ӿҡͷһ̾

ҹһ»ƺ֮ɣվ±ߣ죬ŵıӰʱɫΪһ塣
ߣЩջῴߵˣһȥ۹ߣս¶һ
硭
ʱȻһ¹£ֻһϮµ׺ȻѾȥ꣬¹ǵ¹⣬Ҳǵ꣬ʹˣü֮䣬Ҳδй˿ĸı䡣
СףΪҪɡδתֻǰһ޼ʵƺʵ
׺һƺ¹⣬˵ΪҪԼøǿҪؼ䣬Ҫǿƽ²ƽ֮£ЩٵģȨƽѹգЩåƦӣҲ˶۸գҪϣҲû·
˵˴عͷǰ׷˪ˣǳ硭أΪʲô
һǰƺû˵棬ȴһĻĻֳʱĻ档
㣬ɣΪʲô
ΪԺ󣬱ʦ
ҵ֮ˣ²Ϊף㽫Ҫػģ²ֻΪһˣΪʦ㣬Ϊʲô
Ϊ˽ػʦ
㣬Ϊʲô
ΪˡػʦҲܣ²Ҿֻػʦһˡ
㡭ΪʦˮϪʱڣ
ˮϪˮ䳹ǣǳ֮ˣҲԳһʱ̣ǿȴӲˮдʱ
Ϊʦ㣬Ϊʲô
ΪˣԺػʦ
ʱڣ
Ϊˡػʦ
Ϊػʦ
ػʦ

촵¼䣬˵һ˵ж󣬼ϵΣжأСףѡô
ţ
׺ص˵ͷ˵ȻҴСɽׯ󣬿ȴɽ̫಻ƽ֮£ֻʱ̫
˼䲻ƽ֮ô
ŻƺһΪۣһһ
硭
׺̧ͷÿ¹Ĳһ̣ȻãۣɴʱΨһһһѩ֮£ٻҲʢˡ

Ԫ֮һŵأԻ磬ֻ֮˶Ѱ硱
磬Ԫŵʤ󿪣Щ磬Ҳ׷׳ǰһ
濴һ޼ʵɽɽ壬¼ƣٲʲôͬǣֻ봩磬ܿ浺̨ͤˮ鿣¥
ǹڣ壬Ϲʱڣ꣬һ֧壬ųǴϹʱڹϴһǰҰ˽Գ䡰һϡ
ǰһ֣Ԫһֻڶ࣬ƥߣղò֮ԣǵĴ֮һġۡҲòݱâħɣǲȥһڡ
ҰļͼԪ򣬵ڶ꣬±߸ɳͻϣìݻΪ˫ݣСսˣ˽Ϊء
ʱһ֮һߣüâ¶ɱ˲Ǳˣǹμ޼ɡ
·żߣ̤ʥ֮ˣΪ䲻޼ɣѰ֮ˣҲСӡ
˵Ѿˡ
ʱ޼еˣȻָһǰԹɽѲʲôܣħѴһҲһЩߣԹɽ
˵ˡΪܸߣɽǰܶʴ֮أնɱ֮ˡ
±һ߿˵Ȼѳȥ̽ˣܶԵ֮˽⡣
ߡ޼һߣ֮еɱøˣǶ֮˰ˡ
⡭
ԣԥһ£ǿ˵ṳ̂ʥ׼ʥû


1499 ˮ仨
˵ʲô
һ£޼΢΢ɫɫ⼸λߣһЩˣŷԣ˿̾ɫ׷ȥδ̤ʥδ׼ʥնɱʥˣ⡭ôܣ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ҲֳɫѾﵽˣ˵ǣΪ׼ʥûնɱ֮ˣ룬ÿ¡
һ޼һ䣬Σ

̾˵ǰأɱˡ
һټĹһ±Ҳס˺ҳ
ʱ򣬳λ̫ϣû˸ɼΪ⼸λ飬Ҳ˽ϴʱ˵ֱ˵δЩˡ
Ȼֻ޼ɵɫ𽥱ЩˣȥϺγԡ
ʵҲ׼ɱ˵ԭԵĻٽҽʥҩʥ˳ȥãһضԪˣ޷ָڣֻش֮˶ܾȻʵ̫¡
ȻߣȴôΪ˵ɱˣһ÷Сһ𳤴ֻһؼǡ
˵˴üͷøˣ̽죬һλգ֮лδ룬⻨δǰΪһԸһöһֱڻ״̬ɱˣӦǡΨһܹ֮ˡ
һ̣ǰЩˣ޼ϵ˼ǵĴ鷳ˡ
ߵҴ磬ţκλ
޼ϣڴΣǳ־Լ磿˵ˣһëСӣԪɼɵǸʦƾһδ֮ˣܹԪַˣ

ʱ±һīµ߸ŵϹڵˣ꽻ҿ죬ȴǿոϹŽƣҹϣѹƽȥɱƬײ
һԣ漴⣬ղŻЩĵֵ˴ӹɽΪȻѷǵɱȣο֪̽һǰֹһ˻СһЩǺõġ
£Ȼһһ˶ѣֵλڴôȻͷۣĪǻ첻ɡ
ӡ
ĵӣ߶׷׵ͷǹֻ̤ȥ޼ڵϣһۣλ£
ˣ౨
ֻ˹֣֮ϣ޼Ŀ΢΢һ£˵
˿ϼλϣϵүү˵ղżλ֮йأ֮£мűǸڴϽɹƷǰǷǵδɹƷնȥ֮ˣˣүүˣǰȥǼš
ߣȻˡ
֮ϣ޼һߣˣȻҲף˵Ļ±Щţ뷴ˣмͷˡ
˵ҿӳ飬Ӧʵ
˵
޼һݣ漴ֺڰȡǼ֮׼

һЦɱˣϼλȴΪ²ףϣߺ󣬲޼ɵʢֻ¡
뵣ġ
޼Ŀŵ⹫ȥķ˵Ҳʱȥһˣңһī۳ϰбµġСӣҵҪǷͷۡ

ţ请塣
߷壬вͬվȨϣأĹº
请ȴ߷ᡱģˮ仨请ˮ߷ˮ请Ļ˶ƸеĻ
ʱһɽ£һˮ̶̶ˮ峺ףˮƯɫĻ̶꣬룬һʯŮˮ룬顰ˮĸĿ֡
̶ߣ̶ٻӰҲ޷ɢüһ˿ǳǳüϣ޼رܡ
ˣǧѩߣȴǧѡ
ѡ
ʱˮ̶һߣһӰ˹ֻ˰׷ѩģȴᣬüһӡеڶüϣȻᣬȴһǧĸ䡣
ʦ
ѣôһ﷢
ûУֻǼ̶仨ȻиСˮ仨ȥҲ˼䡣
Ŵԣּʱģ飬üϲɵһüѣ֪ʱ˵ʲô
ûУֻǡԡ

գüֻһ̾ڽ軨ˣѾȥʮˣδǹ
䣬ٿ֮ʱʦֺι̾
ûС
üҡҡͷת⣬ʵ˵ǰأ빫޼ɽ֣
ǧѵһΣҷֹ˵ټһ·׷ȥδ˽֡
ȥ˺δ
üϿһ̣Ŀ𽥱Щԣãŵ֪ʲôط𣿡
֪

ü̾˵֮ˣĪҪˣ»ˮ仨ţ޸֮ʱԹħ;Щѳɶ֣ף
ס
ףֺαΪʦչ
˴üתѣΪʦĵӣ㲻ߴһ֪𣿡
֪
ˣպҵҰɣҽˮ㡣
ʦ
ǧ͵̧ͷˮֻ请ϲģʦ˾Լѵ

ü̶̾仨ΪʦѾˣ̶仨ݵһʱ٣ȴȻ֮ʱ
ʦ
ʱ棬ȴһµŮ͵˵˴ʱŮ䣬ǧѩҲߡ
ѩܽʲô
ȻüϴһĺŮһæֻ·˴⣬ȥ
һ˵ţһʧǴҴԶȥˣһ·ߣϵҲԽԽء
ʦƫġǧѩʦ㣬ǧѣʲûۿң㾹ȻҪ֮λ֮ˡ
ҲҲƾʲôƾʲô请ꣿǧѣһҳİѱЩ꣬һʲôɸ˵ܡ


1500 بһ
º졣
Щ죬ûг𣿡
棬ţǰ濴˿üϱҽȥ
ڴ˴ڼ˭Ҳýʱڴ𰣬¹ա
¹롣ԣ˿˸֡
ߡῴһۣ漴һ䣬ֱȥˡ
ʱЩ谵һڵףǰĮ̇ϣƽһŵͼֻŵͼͼطĵͼŵصĵͼֻѰĵͼȴ
£ʲô𣿡
ϡ
¼˫ü΢Ҳ֪Щ쵽оʲôü˵ǱߣѾ˺öˣüʧأǰȻѾ˹ȥԿռƣи̫࣬һҷ˸Ϊء
˶ˡ
˿̣ƽƽĿǰĵͼϡ
šǧң֮ǰһţţδһڡ
ţ֪ˡ
վڰ̨ϵĵͼ˿ʵЩ죬оʲô
ǰͼ
ͼ
˹ͼϸһȴͼѰͼǲһһЩ̻ĳ󷨡
㿴óʲô𣿡
ҡ
ϸֿ󷨣ͨһָͼ˴ΪǬ㡢롢ޡңҪ˴طֱһ󷨣Ȼ桭
˴ָָһɽ壬ɽ壬ڣΪġ
⡭
Щ󶮣ѵ˴Ҫ壬һʵ֪Ϊ󷨣
ۻ󡣡
ۻ󡭡
һۻ֣ʹٲ󷨣һҲ¶˾ɫѵϴ㡭
ÿˣΪһУۡ
һȥˣ˵ſʱ˵𰣬㼴ˣȥںͶһˣɶɲŮǰ⡭
˴ִȡһöҶӣƬҶӣȥ澳ǡ
ǣϡ
ӹ˽ҶӣöҶӣǵڻȪȣġɱҶӡֻҪóһƬҶӣۺʱǱضǰ
һΣУݰ̽죬ԼңдΪͣ޼ɴŰ˾Ϊ棬λΪɲ̫ϳϣԼһλչز棬оžΪڳ̫ʥ֮
˵⹫ʵԶʤɽǷңܷңȴֻһսҾͲͬˡ
̫֣޼μ˵ΪҲֻǿŽǰʮ֮ˣǸ棬˵Ѿ˾žڡ
һǣǰȻҲǵѺ۳֮󣬴±زѰڹұû˰вٿһУͲö֪ˣΣһΣضҪ帶ۡ

֮ɶɲŮ죬˻ͬһɶѩһУɲŮϼȴǶ˼ġ
˵ΪҲѷտɱȣɶġŮʴ֪ΣɲŮġڤ񹦡͡ھ¯ࡣ
壬ʵλžǿҪǣλž֮ˣѡ
˵ɶȻɲŮδ̤ھž磬˼󿪣ؽɢҪھžûǧĵУ̸ף
ȻɶɲŮԼֶΣɶŮʴתԼǴεõħɲŮھֶֻΣ򲻵֮ʱ׶á
ϵĵƣǾͶˣδ̤ھžתѪΪʩչ콣ȫһȼѪԪķڣնɱȻǹҵľž棬Ҳûη֮
ڣһλ̤žڵ棬λΪδ֪̫ϳϣԼλ˾۷ĳϣʣµģǹ޼Щˣڹ޼֮ЩˣȫȻصġ
ԣɶɲŮüҵʵȷʵСݣ޹ֲŶ̶ʱ䣬Ԫ򽵷ɣǵʲô
һ壬ԴϹʱڣĺ˻ģبһ
ʱȻһʵֻǵ⣬һµ֮ϣϴһߣǱˣȴǣڶ롣
֮ˣµӣϴһߣǵĵ

漴ȥӭɶɲŮλǣ
ɶĿڲϣ˵ǣ㲻ǣȴ֮ͨ£һȻ鴫
뵭Цӹˣ֮£ȵùӵ鱨λ˴ĿɲŮϣ˵绪ȻһЦǣǷ¥¥ˡ
ɲŮһδı棬ȴһۿԼԡǣǱѾ֪ˣǵ鱨ȷʵ
ʱվڵϣղŲԣһ壬ԴϹʱĺ˻ģĪǾ⹫һ˽⣿ʵԣ֪
壬ԴϹʱڣĺ˻بһյبŵǰ˻֮ף壬λ̫棬بŵˣ˴һͻȻҲйأ˼йء
˴ͣͣ˵֮ʱ˼Ҳبŵ˼ѷһա
֮Ȼ⹫һ壬ڲٿأɲ˭ĺ˻ҲãبһҲգһΣһӡ
һֵԪŵأν⻼Ԫ֮أ壬ֻĺ˻ģǿҲֶľ֧
̽Ե֮ӦΡ
ɱ
һɲǣУֻһۣΪǵͷˣ¶ɱǫǫӣһ̣ϣܵһ޵ĺɱ
ҲһأȻǵãǴȥʴ֮أʱ길һǣֻʱδʱܸ

ʱֹȥգ壬޼ɵ˻ڵ£֮£ȻҲйأۼ֣ӵùҵĶĿأ


1501 Ա֮
£λΪΡ
ϰã޼ɺȻʵʱҲĪһ֮С
Ϊαضڣ뵱ٻˣ׼
ͬ⡣
ʱ±кüλϣ׷׵ͷͣΨ֮ǰϣʼüĲչɫ
޼ɼһ綼һȥʵϣΪΣ

գϳ̾µҲòսˡ
ڴ˳̾޼ɲõսսҹһ壬ϹʱڣʱУȴ֪ϣʱֺι̾
̧ͷ˵ɱϣɱ˱Ҳˣ񱱹ҲòЭҪС
ˡ
ڴûûˣ޼ɸȻã⿴ȥأûл𣿡
Сӡ;УЩ״ҪܻһСص
ţ֪ˡ
޼Щģ϶мʵ϶ٻĴֹ˼ɣȻĻἱҴٻ¹³ç£

ʱȻһֻ֣һɫŵ˽޼ɺȻֲõԤУһվ˵¾š˵
亹Ȼһڿˮż˵洫ؼѶ˰⣬ӡʧֱܡ

޼ɶʱеǰһڣһ̱˻ȥɫҲ𽥱òҰףĵ飬ڻǷˣϾһ֮ܿʵô£
˲ӵѶӵ췵ǣǰȥһ

޼һ䣬û뵽˵󣬾ǶﲻмȴܹһͳħɣƺԪǧħ֮ƣǱƲС
û뵽˺ͿԴмӣΪһ֮ɶҡģɵ棿
ī۳أī۳ϰб𣿡
ءī۳ϣˣǼʱ뿪ҲҪ
˵ʲô
һΣ޼ɸһī۳ϰ˾۷Ϊֻһھܹ֮ˣ־ĻᶼûУѵԷһžߡ
¡
ʱȻһ춯г϶վ׷⼲Ӷȥ

ʱһ˼λϡ棬˹ˡ
ߣҵҪûͷۣ
޼ɱһ˲仯һâȥˣ˱˴˶һۣҲȥ
ʱȻһţղȻͬСɣв˶ܵ˾š
棬ֻɽ˺ͷܶˣ֮أռ˸ˮйͨ
ڷ˱ӣ뻹üʱȻţȻֵ˿¡
ɶһۣСӣ֪֪ǰ˭㣬һµ֮һǴǵУһҪأ練ơ
Ȼ֮ǰסʱҵī۳ҪˣȴͲ룬һһָˣֻǱߡ
ȻʱȴȻ£ЦҪɱңͶˣֺαشˣ޷в游ˡ
ϣȻĿ棬ͬȻһҵ˳ˡ

޼ɵһţвɵһȴ򶨣ȻҲһۿˣ֮˵ǣȷʵ֮ͬɱȡ
үүû£صġ
ڣȻԵʮ򶨣Ϊ϶ˣ
Ȼ޼ȴô룬һЩϣʱ޲ҽΪǸղһܵϵĺϢһ֮ˡ
޼俴˵ɱģҪ𣬽վܳϷǣץסһΪ֮µˣδ֮ݡ
ֳգһ±˪棬һҲ˲ٹĸ֣˫ڴ˿սһ󶯾ձᴫԪŵء
֮
ʱֳߣ̬֮У޲ƣһ壬Ѿãз֧࣬޼ǼҲֻһѡ
δȥЩˣһᰴڹͷϣĿȴֱԶĹ޼ɣ㺦𣿾񵱳ɱһѾ޷֮ˣ£־壬
ԣǵ壬Цٺ٣˶㣬ƫƫӣͲ㡭
ҾãӦú¡
ڻµһ˲䣬ָһһƥʱ߱鹫ȫѨһɲǣȫ

𷢳һҽУһ˲䣬ٴߣֻһ̶֮죬ȫҲһ˲飡

޼ɵʱĿѣǵգʹֶΣһƣȫϣ飬ڶƣɢǡ


1502 

޼˫Ѫ죬ȻһӰ˹Ȼûһ£һƽ˳ȥһƣͬԵɽϣ޼ɱ溵ֶΣһƴùɢ

޼Ŀѣһ죬סĹ˲סɢĻǡ
ʱģֲѪ͸࣬ＸѾѪģ
ʹô񵭵ֻǸտʼѣһһظܵʹ࡭

޼˫۲Ѫ˿ֽŹһѪӡȻȥ
䣡
ԣʱøɽһƬƬֻأԲ޼ɱŹȴ˼ɾ룬һ˵ĹС

ʱмӰ˲ȥҲǼ̤ʥߣ˿̣Ͼоɫ¶һû뵽˾ż棬ɱ˹𣬶Ǹû뵽һȻ
һΣʧˣû뵽ԷȻ紫ɱϣ飬ûκι˼ɣ಻һ˿ء
Ҫ񣡡
ʱ棬ʮӰ˳Ϊ׵ˣһۣһۣ˾۷Ϣʱ߲Ϊ֮һˡ
Źҵĸ߽ʥǿ߳Ȼ޷ټǰֻȥǵΪȥ
סǡ
޼ҲսһֱֻŹһֻĻǣ˻ȥ
ֳձΪţ۳Ϻ۳ϣа˾۷Ϊ񼴱ʱһ˼İ˾۷ߣҲһƱɫ
ֲʮ󷨣ױ㱻ȥԭǣˡ
˿̣۳ĿڲϣЩ꣬˼ͨһջ֮˽֪ҵˣϵòҲ֡
ʱϣ벻һ˶ѣвʮ󡣡
ߣǫˡ
۳ЦһɶȥҲˣ˿ҲҪҹһΪˡ
ɶǰϷ֣ʮڵӵʬ壬۳ϲΪɣ˵ҲɣҲǹһˣڱλ껨
ߡ
۳һߣȴ˼⣬һΪ֮ߣԶԶǵԤϣοջôλ̫棬ڱչض꣬ΣǶֹԷ硣
ʱ˺ȻָӦǿϢʱǱ߷ӿһһ
Ȼǵ֮ߣ˶ס˺˲ϢֱӰɽ֮ϡ
ˣһ˰ѩȣߣһȫɷɷһּ֮У˲ǱˣȴĴħ棬Ƹڤľ
֮أջְ
ƸҡȣȴùҲ˸еһѵգħɵˣ
Ƹң¥Ҳˡ
ƸڤľȻ۳Ϻ۳ϸһݣڲ֪滹жˣϸһ룬Щ꣬ǹȷʵ̫ˡ
ò
Ƹ߿˹ȻһΣҲרģֻŹͬĵ˶ѡ
٣ûж߰Ƹң¥ԭ棬ɹһȴ̲Ƹң¥⡣
Ȼˣǳȥ⼸ʥֵĴʱƸڤľֻڰսأ
ﲻҪǶԣֻҪȥҵ⼸ʥǿߣشԷˡ
ȻλϷ򲻲ţλֶˣ
Ȼɫһ̧˫ƣؼʱƷӿһɼµĽ֮һɲǳ߷ӿ˹
Сġ
һη֣˲Ϣ˳ȥԶɿµĽƣԶ˾룬˫Ⱦϣٶʵÿ죬쵽˿ղô뿪ġ
ǱߣȲ˵۳Ϻ۳ϱΪߣ֮أôҲǹĵطʹٶ࣬ҲҪĽ󷨼ɵ֡
Ȼ֮ǰ뿴Ķʮ󣬿ʮʮɷȴ棬˿ɽ֮ص󷨣ҪȥһοԷĸ֣Ҳ١
ֻԭգʱѾ֣ϵһԨѺۣΧľ𽥱Щˡ
Ҫж
ֻ䣬˵ʱһ佣Х𣬵۹½Ȼ
ǡ
ܵ۹½⣬ʹ۳Ϻ۳Ͼһ֮ˣʱҲһ䣬Ǿһ׹ԨĸоɺĽ·겻յıԨ

һ죬ͦȥ۹½ƲɵȻ֮Ź󷨣ɺһЩΪе͵ĵӣɱ佣£ҲеϢѡ
а۹¡
һ˲䣬۳Ϻ۳ƺϳ˴˽Ҵ⣬Ҳ̼ԼķɽԭɽҲѰ֮ɴʱڵ۹֮£һ¾ԵȻ޹ˡ

˵棬һĸ֣׷׸֧ԮȥˣԷ˹󷨣ʱһ޼⼸λϣ۹Ļǡ
ס
ֻ޼ɶ亹ΣȻǼȫղ棬һֱ̫ɢ˹ǣǹ޼ɼʱסɢĻǣĻɢؼ䡣
ǲ룬ҵĴˡ
⼸λϣȻЩʱȴҪ湫ۻǣһ˶ɡ
۳Ϻ۳ϣصģǹɷ󡣡
޼ɫΣҪסĻǣһ֮Ҳ˽ġ
ⲻ֪ղ棬Ҫɱ𣬼ֱ練ƣһҲȲأδɱΪҪԹʱס޼ɡ
Ȼ޼ֻа˾Ϊԣκвԣȴ֮ˣдڣҪɷ󣬽
޼ȴ˿δжߣΪ֪ŲֶΣΪǣסΪܴȻعһУֻλ֮ļıˡ
պ
һӺȻˣǣǹɷ󡭡
棬λԾһǵȻ˫ȾϣȴȥӰһܹ½ǣֻʱ䣬ʮʮɷ


1503 ۻ
С
ֻǵӻŻŵǣ֪֮沼ʲô󷨣ˣȫյȥˡ
˵ʲô
һΣ޼ȫɫλϣ޲¶Ȼ֮ɫһʲô沼󷨵ģ
Ҫ֪֮أ˭ﲼ󷨣Ͳ󷨵ģɽ磬ͨ͸ص磬˽һȻٽɽ֮飬ܲ󷨣ȴ飬һ顣
ĵӲΡΡܡҲȥʱ򣬱㿴Ϸʮֹ죬֪ǺڰٿأǣҲ޷ƽ⡭
Ҫˡ
λǿһ˿޼ɵĻѾʱסֻҪ㲻ɢȥ˴һ˼ɣ㻹Ǿȥɡ
á
޼ҲٶԥȥˣʱһֱȻ뵽ǰǺµ񣺡ֻǸտʼѣһһظܵʹ࡭
ң
޼ɴʱȻɫɷ׵ӣԱߵĵӣҲһΡΡ˵
û£ȥ
޼ǹɲõԤԽԽǿˣƺʶʲôնԷûȫɢĻǣҪס

ʱ棬ۻѳɣɷɷ֮ڶǰƸң¥ЩħˣʱëȻĸо
ƸڤľҲ룬һ뿪ֶ֮ԽԽˣħͷʱЩ硭
ֻϣ˵ĻѾĶһϷҽ֮ȻȴӲ󷨵
˾ۻɰɣֻ֮һյĵĹŵƣǵƵΧŵĹ⣬ͬʱҲ˵Ļǡ
ⷨԻơǵ꣬δɱžʱӹͽģЩδôùóסۻۣ֮ãȴٺò
֮ϣɷɷЩˣвٶ˵۳Ϻ۳ϣ˲̶ͬȵˣΪҲܲסַ
ʱһɽͷϣϣϸϸ㣬˵ˣӦҪˡ
ڻ֮ʱȻһӰߣһɫѣϴȸߣǵȸ
Ŷȸˣƺ˿ȸĵļƻС
ڴ˴ұ
˵ʱȸĿ⣬һԶϣХĻǿȥ
һ
ʱ޼ڴˣХĻǣҲɫЩȫ˵ĻǰȫԹ󡭡
ȥΣĻǣסô
㡭
޼ɵɵ˫ѣڣ֪ˣǰԷǹģסһнǴĿĵġĿģҪסȻƿɷ
ҡ
ʱвٹϵ˹Ǹ겻ӣȴǸղҲΪǱĻˡ
ǹ̫ͣô죿ڣǹƳֻԽԽˣǱȥ
һΣ籩ĹƣȻʧأֹڣһǧ˵Ļǣۻˣ۳Ϻ۳ϣҲ޷Щ˵ĻǴȳ
ţ
ʱߺȻһһʹ⸽Ĺ
̫ϡλ̫ϳˣ
ֻ棬ȻӰ˳ˣƮƮһѰ֮ˣʱϢҲԷֱ˵ľ磬򵥡
ˣֱΪ̫ס̫硱
ɽˣ̫׳ϣϻģ̫糤ϣмһˣϡ
ˡһָһԶһɽϣȥѶš
λϣˡ
λ̫ϳ޼ɫָһЩȻ˵ΪԶ֮ϡ
λ̫ϣǶҪʱų˱չţǰǵãֻ𼰵Уһ鷳
˵ҪٲĻ磬½յҪˡ
´˵
̫׳ϲԣָһķɽʱ鳯նȥЩɽһǴݽԶµ˾һϣ
һֻ̣һкȻɳһƬɫӰһ죬̫׳ϵɽϡ
ϸһƣֻЩɽϵĶϣеĲУЩɽӹɽϹŽȺܹ߰ٶʮѣǵ˼䣬ҲȻǳ
Զµ˶ס˺û뵽ȥɽ磬һϹŽ˵컹һǴǶǰħڣء
СӣȻмֱ¡
̫׳΢˫һмɳʱһԵ̫糤Ҳˣбš١ָһʱ˳һ߷ӿ˹Χɽһ˵ֵסֻȥ
Ƭ̣λ̫Ϲ֮£˽˳ȥ߹ϵ˼ˣһʱȴ֪ԶһɽϣһֱδĻħʱѾһ˿Цḧħҡ


1504 
СӣǵӦҵ飬Ǻǡ
ħаһЦȻָһһħʱǱߴ͸ȥ
ߣ̫ס̫硢˻Щֺȴ֪Զɽ֮ϣ˲Ϣ

һ㣬Ⱥﴩ˻δӦѸеʹ·ȫһ˲䱻â̴һ

˶ʹҽУ׷ס˫ȻȴֱԪһ㣬ʹס˫Ҳ޼£Ƭ̣۶ڱǣѪ˳ģֲ
ǡ
̫糤ɫһ䣬бž٣ó֮䣬ɴʱȹǵҲһһ˲䣬Ӧֱ˹
һ̫糤ϵֿʱһѪӿ
̫磡
̫׳ɫһ˫һԭɽʱת򣬳ķֵȥ
ҲɨƥԪȥֵɽϴȻ֣ʱ̸г
λڴ˸٣
̫糤ǿһ裬һȴδʶǿⲻһħ

ֻԶɽϣħЦֹʱһ˫ԽԽ죬˫Ҳ𽥱ͨ죬Ϲħһ㡣
ħ
̫糤ɫ䣬δ˼侹ħʱҲ˲ô࣬Ȼһ̧о٣ָһʱħֵȥ
ȻħǵУۣ֮¶÷٣Ҳźͻħħƽ֣ζ͵Ϯħһ£ʤδ֪

һ죬̫糤ûз٣ƾľ٣ֵסħ
һʱ㽫ѣڶϮ֮ʱ漸ҾԶϿϮ֮ʱ˸󵹷˳ȥеҲѳ룬һ£ȻԪش
̫磡
ɫ䣬һɨ˲ȥסˣʵھѣ̫ϵ裬һ˿ɱȣȻʱ㽫شҲˣԷʲôˡѵǾžڵĸ֣
±߹޼ɵҲѾһ˹סһ߻ŵȥ̫̫糤϶ܲסοǣ

ԶϣҲɵɽ濴ȥȸǹɽˡ
õŴ˵ħ٣ˣûһܻ뵭һЦ˵
ħϹʱڱѣҷ룬Ѳ֪١
ȸ˵˵ʱ±ЩֻʧɫĹˣֵһΣﳤҹʧˡԶȥ
̶Ƭ̣Щħɱˣ룬㱻Ǿۻȥ
ԶЩһֱղȻװ˰ܣֻҲûϵԭ˿ֲû˳ĻŴʱҲ͹Щһ³ˣǵҲֵġ
ߣ
Ϸ˵̫糤ϣҪ˻磬Ȼһɲǣɱ֣ħڰΪıǵ˳ɱһֲһʣ¹޼ЩˣΪ
ˣ˻һ˲䣬۹½㳯ɱ

Ϸ˵̫糤ϣܲһ´룬߹Ƕʱ÷飬ϾһΪףӲһ𣬽۹½˳ȥһ£Ҳ˲ᣬ߹ǺѪⶼһ˳ȥ

̫׳ɫ䣬ҧ⣬ȻһھѪѪɽʱһѪ͵سɱ
һ춯أձһˣδվȣۼҪشʱȻһ켲Ӱһ˲佫ˣͬʱ棬ֱ̫׳Ϲȥڶơ
ȸ
΢һתͷǵȸȸϵߣʼղժ£֪ԷʲôˣֻһĪϤУǴΣϣԷϾ졣
Сһ㰡
ȸָһϵĻȥղٶ̫죬Լ½ˡ
ûʱ˵ۼЩҪӻ磬һ˲׷ȥһȣڣ
𣡡
ڵĻӰ˲֣žǿߵϢʱ£ֲǣƬȻ𺣣ֱȥƻһ㣡
һ£вٹ֮£ȻԶİƸڤľʱҲס˺ǿĻꡭĪǰһģ
磡
̫˾ˣʣ̫һ˶֧ʱֻûȥ
¡¡
Ȼһ𵴴֪ҵʲô󷨣ֻ磬Ȼʼˡ
ȥ
̫׳һһǧֶһ½ˣ˵ģƵʬ壬ͻ档
һ˲䣬̫׳ϴ˵̫磬Ҳһ׹⣬ȥ
¡¡
֮أ𵴵ԽԽˣ磬Ҳһһطգǹҵĳ󷨣糹׷Լ֮Ҳ޷ٴˡ


1505 
Ҫ硭
Զ˫һٶȳ֣һȥͼֹգ棬̫׳ϾϧıΪһȫ󷨣¡һ˷գǾžڵˣֹա
һߣۼ޼Ҫӻһ̣βôӵڴģҪű󸴻溣ԴΪ
ߣ溾޿ܸһǳɢؼ䣬ҲɢֻҲ벻ˡ
ӣûпܡ
һɲǣҲôˣ˲⿪ӡüȻһӡҲһ̨һ˲޼ɷȥ
ϣ
Զˣһ˲Ҳ˿ԥҹӰʮˣȫ޼ɱȥ
⡭
˲Ϣɱ޼ͷһ罫Ҫգڣаɾ롭
Ȱ
һɲǣֻ޼ȫѪ֣һ˲䣬һѪ⣬˲ʧˣϧĽѪԪѪ֮
¡
һ죬һûܹնҹӰʮٶޱȣҲʧˣûܹˡ
һ̤̫ʥ֮֮գ֮ʱ
洫޼һͳµһ˲䣬糹׷ˡ
磬ǰȻʧһҲûκϢն͵ĽȴҲֻǴݻ˸ɽͷ
ϡϣ
˼״õ۹£߻ħȥȻȴһһΧնȥȴûã綼ʧˣҲûκһ˿Ϣ
ûõġ
ʱڳηְסֱۣǰһٵɽ壬˵һ׷գͬʧˣҲ޷򿪣Ҳû뵽Ǿ糹׷ա
һΣŲߵ룬ƺҲʧˣվǲһû뵽⹫һ壬Ȼ糹׷ա
ϡ
ʱµҲ˹⸽ǽһƬɫҲЩ΢΢ףˣô졭
ûκΰ취𣿡Ȼŵ۹£תͷʵ
Ĭֻҡҡͷȴֵҵһˡ
˭
üһκһ˿ᣬ㲻Ǿķˡ

գֻҡͷ̾Ϣ飬Ҫ֪Ҫҵ˭ƿ磬ʵˡɻţ˭

ʱȸ

üһǵĲڰǰѾʧӴδֹ˶֪ںδ಻֪֮ȥѰң
תһΣȥ˵Ҫ磬ҵޡǡصġβԲޣǳ֮
˴ͣһ£ֽתֻв֪ںδ
ޡ
üԽԽޣָʮ棬߸ޣ׻ޣϷȸޣޣΪʮޣʱеĲޣָʲô
ϡ
ʱŸղʧĵطʧĵطʱһƬݺύɽ룬ѵֻҵһ취ȥֻ溵ĻǣŲסã޷ɹؽɢؼ䡣

˵棬谵ͬƻһ֮ǾѶղһĻʵ̫ˣڻ亹
λ̫ϣΪôߣ̫糤Ϻ϶ˣ̫׳Ϊ˷磬ҲľһΪ֪ʱָܻ
ʱ棬һˣд󲿷˽նûгȥûпǿһĻʱǼˣЩ˵ˣô೤϶ˣؼǣξȻˣܹõǺεΡ
գζҲ벻ˣһֱ޷򿪣ôһգݽߡ
һݽߣôκεطΪһƬɳĮûҲ޷޷ϲɳĮ֮޷棬գҶƬ磬𣬻Ϊɳ
ң
ʱмֲ̿ؿŹ޼ɣˣҲţˣκ˶ȥˣƾǵҪ´磬ûһ˿ܡ
š
˿̣޼֪Ҫȶģ˵ҹ֮һά˥֮ڣؽ̤̫ʥ֮ʱٳȥı֮𣡡


1506 Ĵ˵
硣
ҹ쪣պ䣬ʿӣһս˵ǹʷصһΡ
ڹȥļǧ꣬岢û˷սʱ壬εĵˣ졣
ʱһص޼˹ˣЩΪסĻǣĹ󣬶հ죬Ϊ˶ҹӰһ˽ɵѪԪ
ûʮأ˿Ըԭˣھž磬Եøңңˣѩϼ˪
һУǰһͣ޼ɴʱɫΣһ˳ĻԶƬϹȻһһħվ˼֮
һУϵãһͻȻӹɽû뵽һΪ֮ߣΪߣ֣ǵھžǿߡ
Щûϵģ֪ˣȻСģȥ壬һУ˵Ҳˡ
ιԪˣྫ񣬾λ̫϶ˣز֪Ҫʱָܻ
ʱȻһŲ˴صǹ޼ɱչ֮Ѱܹˣô㲻Ѱˡ
Ƕ𣿡޼ɻ˫ִӵﴦ£
ףЩ𣿡
ʱڵ⣬һµפ㲻ǰԭȴǹ޼ɵӣйǣǹĸס
ްա
޼̾ӣǴӶǰ⣬δãӹǣԼʮƫ
ҲˣЩ೤ϣҲ΢ʣһΣΪ۹Ļǣȫ֣ɷױƣЩ˵ùȥ峤֮λҲˡ
ס
˽ʱɫ԰׵ĸףҲһף㡭
û£Ĺ󣬵ȹЩʱձá
޼һ̧ǲ߹ǣѪԪĵУҲЩ˵߾ȥ
Ŵԣʼ԰һЩʵ
ĻǣѾסֻϧһΪ
޼ҡͷһ̾ʱδ޿ܣʱǳؿϧġ
ԣҲٶˣܹﱣסĻǣʮֲˣһУҲֻпԼ컯ˡ
ǽһֵΣѵһֱ棬ݽߵʱ򣬵ʱӦΣڣ˵ǳȥˣܹȥţǸҳȥ
ٺ١
޼ɫ԰׵ЦЦ벻񣬹أھ˴òҳȥˣǵȵһգкĿȥ깫һϵλ̫棿
ףô죿
ǳ棬ܲܣһֱ棬̫ǿˣأпܶԸˡ
չأ⼸ֻżʶ˴ѶϢһι䣬λȻӦδ˵ʱܳŬܻǰ
һ̣ǺȻ뵽ʲôɵһǰ޼ɼɫȻأʵǶôˣ
ף뵽һ¡
ֻϣ˿̱ޱȣ޼һʲô£˵
룬˵Ҽǵǰǹһϵλ̫棬ʱǶСɵʱȴ⣬һһ䶼˵ǹλ̫棬بһҲ͡
̫桭
ʱ˿̣޼Ҳ˶ǰĻ䣬̫棬һ涼δۼЩʷļأȻǼ١
Ǽ˼ּȻ̫بŵݲͣǺβȥبŵبŵǰ˻֮ףҪһСС죬ֱѴ֮ΪΣ

Ϲ޼֮ȴֻҡͷ̾˵Ƕô򵥣بһ㲻֪ˮǼʹȥˣҲ˴𣿡
˴ͣƬ̣̾һüλ̫棬ȥ˾⣬Ǹ磬Ǽʹȥĺ˻ģҲ
⡭
һ˼Ƭ̺ʵҪΣȥ⣿Ϊܷϵȥ
Ǻǡ
һʣ޼ҡͷЦЦЦ֪һſǶ֪ʲôط𣿡
룬ҡҡͷ֪븸ָ㡣
޼һվߵߣڲµգ˵⣬ĵطҲĵطǣ֮ɡ


1507 춯
ĵطĵط֮ɣ
Ŵԣǲ¶΢΢ɫЩ飬ǰδ˵Ҳ֪
޼ڵգһҡҡͷֻҪ֪Ǹط˶ȥľˣҪȥ⣬ڶɽ٣뿹¾žŰʮһ٣ΪԽߣԽأǵֿס٣˲ҷʮһ
˴ֻعĿ㵵Ĺǣ˵ܹȥģ̫ʥ֮ˣΪڻңܹŻģǰһ
Ǳ龪㵣ԭǾ⣬˿µĵط̫ʥ֮ȥˣܻģҲǰһЩνžǿߣǻδȥǾžŰʮһ»ҷˣԪס
޼һתȥŴ̫ȥ⣬һ·նɱ̫ʥǰЩʱ򣬻ÿﴫʶѶϢɸʷأһ̫洫ѶϢѾǧǰˡ
ǧǰ
ǲɵһʷȻֻ֪ôҲû뵽̫澹ȻǧδﴫѶϢô
޼תЩҴκ˵Ƕ֪ǧ꣬ʲô𣿼ұˣǧ꣬Ҳǲġ
ǧꡭ
ȫһˣ૵˼ǡ꣬λ̫棬ܿѾھˡ
޼һĿãŻ۵Ƕ֪Ϊξμ֮ʣΪҲóȻȥλ˰ɣ
֪ˡ
ګګص˵ͷǰبŵλ̫棬ͨ󣬷ޱߣǹһϵľ֧
ôˣԣλ̫棬ܿѾھˣˣôһ֧չصλ桭
޼˵⼸ǧ츳֮ˣ̫ʥ֮ﵽλ̫ľ磬ֻҪȵʱһСС죬ʲôֱֻǸˡ
˴޼øˣɱһʹ࣬
ס
̧ͷÿ״ʱɱҲ΢΢һ뵽ֻ޾ʹ
˺һ޼ɫᰴ˰ļ򣺡ǶЩûϵһУΪʮˡ

ʱȥգ棬þ˸ַջ޷ƿ磬ܹҵһ˿˿ķ϶Ҳͻƿڡ
ֻϧѾ׷ˣǴ˴ؾ䣬ɽλֻԣҵޣǳ֮תƣ´磬ַһ֣Ŀǰԣǲܵġ
Щ죬֮ط飬ȻҲԪ򣬰һЩط壬˴£е𺳲ѡ
ϣҪȻȻɡ
ʱ˹Χɽ忴˿˵ش˴һ֪ͨϡ
š
˵ͷںȥҿ飬Ҳܹа취ƿ硣
޼ɣΪ棬ûôһơɡ

죬һƽɹֻ仨׷ĲݵϣŮǰܶȥȴɶһҲˡ
ʮģճʱһܹס漣ֻҲŮˣҲʼͣʮңÿЩ꣬һΣֻǵһˣʦ歷ˡ
ɶ㣬һʦҪˣǾȥ
ǰɶܣԽǰԽһɭɭĸо£ɶȴЩ£СãǲҪȥ桭
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֪ǴӺʱʼСӱرϰһܣÿζ歷ˡ׽ȥ
ãҪǻȥɣ̫ɽˣ˵죬ǧҪȥ̫ղĵط
ꡭ㣬
С˸ƣɶ֣èŽɽһȥˣǱ̫Ѿ䲻Խɭˡ
ȴɽʱ̫Ѿȫ䲻ˣ⸽ҲӢͷ׵ĳֻһ˵ɭ֮С
ãǻȥɡ
ɶԽԽеˣָоǵɾ棬ħԨһΪʲôҲôֲĵط
¡ҴûȥǱߣǹȥ
Сһ첻µزµӣɶȥˣǰ棬ԨһһҲëȻĸоټǰ
ȴ֮ʱǰ·ޱ޾ԨкӿأСҲڸеЩˣץɶ֣㣬ǰʲôÿ°
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Ȼ䣬һ쳣𶯴ǰߴŵŮһЩˤȥҺץס±ߵ

ʱɶͻȻоʲôץסˣŵһУæץס֡


1508 ƻ
硭
æ֮Уɶץס֣عͷȥȴһ硭ʲôʱġ
ɶʲô
ղǹͻ춯ֹͣˣǰӿĺ벻ѾɶˣǰƺŮʲô
ɶ͵͵ܵ󷨣ֲˣ⸲ѾɶˣΨһȱڣиƺȻӴ˴Ǳ죬ʵڷʤ

СС죬һգһգǰˣļÿЩһΣ˴ȥɽ磬˽ŻȻļ䣬Ѿģģˡ

磬ôѽ
С˫ֲ˹һգһգȥһµĺӣܵһ
ȥḧ˸ߵͷ˵ԺҪˣΣգ֪𣿡
ɶ˽⣬ɶôɭֲĵطȻƤġ
š
Сɵص˵ͷǣɶ˫һ㣬㼴չṦʱȥ
صδ빬һֻδ뻨׷£覣ѩȴ滨Ϲ֮۵ξơ
ʦ
歷˴ͥԺ˳С˹ȥ歷ȥժȥͷϵĻ꣬üʵȥˣҵҲҲ㡣
ɶȥ
šȥԺɡ
歷ɶͥԺȥתȥһ±ʮˣʵƺǱ߿ǳ쳣ˣ
ɶˣǱ߳ȱڣɶչȥ󷨣һֲˡ
⡭ö˶˵ģôᣬѵˡ
歷˵ͷɫ쳣˴ȥɽ磬һЩϹأƺĴڣַ֮ǰ룬ܴ֮⣬ڸǱߵȱڣ뾡
歷̧ͷ£һᴦ֮Ǳߡ˴ͣͣʵΣ
ҵ󷨰ˣǶ治Ǹ˼죬ûа취򿪣˵Ҫҵޣǳ̫֮ѣǡ֮£ЩˣΣҪɽæ
˼ǡ
歷üһҲ𽥱˵Ҫۼڶ֣ǿƿ磿

һ˫ָԶ仨׷ɣ˵һᾡСһЩ˼ĵ಻źŵע⡭
ÿ𣿡
歷˿·СЩ֮ص飬ѴԪźţֻδѡ
š
תϵһѺۣѺۣѾּˣǳ֮ΪԨԨĺ棬ഫ졣
Щĵǣǿƿ磬ܻᾪŵ˼˼Ӳȣϴڹɽնɽһɽ䣬Ԩһ򿪣ʮϡ
Ѻۣа취ӡסôϵԨʵ
歷ҡҡͷ˵ԨκҲϲȥЩ澳뾡һа취աûκΰ취
ã֪ˣ飬һᰲţ뵣ġڣҪȥһ˹·塣
һ˵ţһȥ

·֮ϣľ£ƻ֮£ȴһ˵į溻ڣҩ԰Ӳݰɡ
֮أнչ
ص棬ϥĿϹƣ֪оʲô
磬ˡ
£֮Ǳߵ˵ˣ֮󣬿ӻƺϵˣ㣬취ǿƿ硣

½ƻ˵ˣһֱҹʱŻĴϣһˣΨб¹⣬͸˽
ߵϣ£·ڳ˼ʲô˴Լһʱ䣬ֻȻָһüĵȥһɲǣһħ֮ʶʱĳָӦ
ʱڹɽ֮죬Ƶ鹬ĿһɲǣüĺȻһħ֮ʶ
ϡ
Ƶ˲΢΢һ۾ȥϹۣ֮޷ħ֮ʶӦ˼͹ɽ´򿪣ֻҪ쳣ħ֮ʶܲӦ
˿̣ƵȷɣȻͨһħ֮ʶĳ֡ӡʶʮ΢еʱϨ
Ƶˣ˼һЩ鷳Ҫ̴ǰҡ
뽲
ƵϾɫڣһʱȥɺ쳾ܹ˼䣬һڲɽӦ㣬ס·ͬСɣþ졭⡭
ϣϣ
ħ֮ʶȻжˣܵʲôţƵأղЩУݲõ飬ȥ죬֮ڶ࣬²Ѱ졣
ֻ亹乣ɽ˼ͨˣɱϾؽд棬ΪʹֻǸղôһҲ
⣬ֻ£ù֪
ڶ峿ˣһڵϣһҹδߣ˵ϣҪȥϢһɡ
أ𽣬
ʲô
ȥǰһŵͼڵͼϱ˼ɽüһϣǡ
𽣬㻹ǵǴȥ壬˷һϹؾȻһֱ֮𣿡
ʱһ˵һ¾ˣ˵ǴҲʮ־ĶǣͷðһһնĻֻº롣
ϣѵ㡭
Ȼʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬ŵͼһ֮磬ֻҪ忪һѷ켴ɡ
˴̧ͷŰΪ֦²ź֪
ס
𽵱Ȼ֪˼ȣֳһѺۣóȻ֮ǲĻֻֻؾ䣬һֻҪ˷顣


1509 ֮
оǡ
ŵͼ˵֮·ߣѹ滮ܿһЩ֮أмط޷ܿ
˴̧ͷŰ𽣬֣µصʱ㶯ȫ󷨣ر֤Щ֮٣Ҫ֤Щˡˡ
ס
ҲʮأȻ֮˵֮أһʧصĻһɣ˲٣ˣ˲ͻҷˣɴ˵ȴֻϣͲ˷ôˡ
󣬲ʧ£ҽȥ죬һûЩʱգȥ˲ɽҴӹɽЩһΣҪ塭𡣡

ºƵѾ˴ӹɽˣ죬ˣҲɵþ̾컯һĴڡ
ʱվˣһߣһ꣬һӣһŮӣǵ֮ĸ죬̫׵棬ɷɷŵԼһһ
벻˼䣬ϹɵأϷգǿ۽ˡ
治ɵ֮̾Ҳҳһĵط˵֮˼䣬˵죬˼ϡֿժǳҸ־ˡ
ϴ˴˵Ϊ˶Ըһ壿
ڴ˴֮£֮ǰһȻҲһЩ˽⣬ˣʮŵԼʥ֣ЩȻδ̤ھžҲǷ֮
ǰǰˣ˴λҪǿнƿ
ԭˡ
°룬ּӿ˵֮֮šҪǿƿĳһ磬£˴ҵȱػᾡȫļǡ
ˣλˣգλϢ
ʵһΣܴɽٸ֣ҲûʮգܹƿֻܾһԣԸв䡣
Σӹɽʥ֣Ȼܿ촫ħ˿ħ̣һħ֮УֻħüĬ
ħԸгһգܹһͳħܵħʦĻԻͣԪ򣬿ǹȥЩ꣬ŵ谭ħĲһĴŸ˽Էչ±һֱǳš
ֱճֶɱϣνǰ޹ˣֻ˶̶ʮʱ䣬ǧħֳħʱҪͳһħܹ죬ûκοܡ
˽գʵѾԶԶԤϣħһ£ȴòϣҪħֻ̣ʱˣܹõġħо̤̫ʥ֮

գħ̾ǰҡεòϣѾŵˡ
ιڴ̾Ϣ
ʱȻһʵֻһü˽
ȣȴħظ֮һгħ֮ˡ
ħ˽˵֣֮δ뵽ܹǡ
ȻȴɫɣһЦ˵ǿ󣬵Ҳ࣬ʵΪǣһڣһƹ£紺١
˼ǡ
ħ˫Ŀһʱһͷ·һﾪһ

һգһн׼׵Ҳ조Ѫʮߣ֮ķ֮أ󷨣Էֹٳ˼ˡ
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һ̣ɽҡֹλ𵴲ֹɽҰޣĴӡ
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֪ȥãȻλ˹˵ĳϣһ̾Ӧ쳣һɼǿֱ֮
µѾָֻ̫࣬糤Ϻϵ̫أȻδлָ
ʱ˶ӷˣһϣһףô¡
ȵȡ
޼һվһޱأһ̣һɼǿҵĳУȻײڵĴҲ÷飬ϸӶˣһΣЩˤȥ
⡭
һ̣޼ɫ䣬ΪȻܹӦһɼǿ֮ѵСӣ֮ܶ


1510 
ףô죿
űĴȻǻŲѣղǹѵܴ֮͸硭
Ҫţ
Ͼ޼ɻһ֮ʱ֮ܿǾȥ棬ȶ֮ģʡ
ߡȥ
Ȼʱһ͵ʱ⸽̨ͤ¥ÿѣһЩʧ޵Ľֱķѣ̮
ף
Ǽæǰסֻ磬ӿôδйĿ£һˣǾʧ룬ĴӣԶ׹ľʯ

˻Żŵر޼˿һۣ漴Ԫ˶ţάȹ̣ƿ磡
֮ʣһɿֲ֮һüɽʯ๬˲ҷ磬һ±ǽ岻

ʱһɫӰ˹޼ǰȴ֮ǰλϣһֱֲõԤУһУ㻹ˣֻвǿϢ
һŴԣ޼ˣСӲܴ˼ô֣ȻǴӹɽˡ
ػţ
ֻһǿ򶨣СӾ£ҿƿ磡

ԣ³ֻһ̾ڻҶ͹˴ʵ˱ȴҪ£նҹһ塭١
Ρ
޼ɽָֻ޲ܽңƫƫ첻
³ϵµ󷨣Ʋ⣬Ӧһֹϵ׼󷨣Իۻꡯ󡯣Ϊýղϧˣڴ˲󷨣д֮£롭Ҫҹһ壬ΪýǰɱǸˡ
ꡭ
ţʱеһ䣬ɫһ±ò԰ֽҲϲһԵĸ׿ȥףô졭
ʲô
޼Ҫҹһ壿ҹ޼ɣƴһԲֻΪۣҲҪɱ㡭
סŸ˾֮ԣǸɫɷףֹ
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桭
޼ָһպܹȥѰ̫ģֻһˣܣȥչء

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ҲԥˣǰѾ鵤ҩԲǵģҩʥҲ̤ʥ֮ƵĵҩһȻɽҩ֮ʿҲ
˿˾ԥվ÷λʱȥǿڼʮʥǿͬʱ֮£ʱ춯صֹ֮ϣǷƷӿ¡


1511 
ˡϱߣϱߵ󷨱ˣ
ʱ棬һˣǻҲЩԭάȶ󷨣ʱ漸ʮʥǿ߹£һһı
ߵҲˡ
֧Ųסˣ
˴һΣ޼Ҳ¶˾֮ɫΪͣȻܹܵʱмʮʥ֮磬ȫǹɽĸ֡
ԴУ硭Ǹɴȥƴˣ
ƴʲô
޼ɵ˵֮һۣżʮɽĸ֣λ̫δָڴȥͬѰ·
Ըȥ˵ؼ磡빥ƣ
ǡǣ

棬Ѿȥʱˣ磬Ȼ޷ƣ˾죬ȴڿ֡
ԶҲ˲ˣȥһƬǵΪˣ΢ȥҲﲻʲôæҪ磬ֻܿʥǿߣʥ֮£ٶҲûá
ۼ˾þ޷ƿ磬ǰȥȸȴӺְס򣺡˴磬򵥡
ǰ£Ѿȥˣֻȸڴˣ˿ֻ̣Ǽɽ޼ά󷨣湥ȷʵѡ
عͷһۣȻҲףű˴סˣҪƿȻҪüС
֮ǰΪǣѾ̫ڲټԪͻħҲԶɽţϾ棬һλΪδ֪档
ֹȥʱӿʼڣѾһʱˣ˾ļǻҩʥƵĵҩ֧ŲסȻƿ磬ҲսȥһԻָԪ
ʱȻ˹޼ɱСӣƾƿ˴磿ˡԺȱؽ֮࣡
ԣ˾һȥ˱ضɣΪˣ˼ӰպڣѾеʹˡ
ϡô죿
Ƶ˹ȥǰ취ܹһŮǿߣҪƿ磬̸ף
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ɽ֮䣬䣬Ѿһʵ١
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˫ֵ磬ڶֿʼۣʱӿϼ
һ˲䣬ؼԪ˹ɿµ֮ʱ֮أʹԶɽ֣ʱɿҲȻľ

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Ĺ󣬴ʱսһöҩ̷֮ɵԶɽϣҴε㣬˹ָ
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޹ۻԩ꣡
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޼Ȼһһ죬Ҫץһһ죬һ˲ס˹ǵĺ
Ҫ
޼ɸεѣֻ۾Ѫ˿ǰһ̿ΪΨһĺҲ˶Էһ̣۾Ѫ᣺ҪҪҪſϷŹҵˡ
ʹô
ȴֻĮģӸµĿԭҲ֪ʹô


1512 
㾿Ҫ
޼۱鲼Ѫ˿˿̣˻һһȥ֮˭ɣһɣˡ
ǰһԶɣǿռ֮սȥսսģսȥսһУ˵ǹ
˿̣վڸߴ·һУŹЩһһѪһҲͬ飬ѿ͸һС
ֻǴ˿̣Ψһĵɱ¾أӿļ䣬ܵ۹µӰ죬պǱñ޳Բǹ뿴ġ
㲻ɱ
˿̣еĳ֮ɫԽԽ£סǵ֣ҲԽԽȻ޷ѿ챻飬Ϸ֨
ס֣
޼ɫһ䣬˵ɱΪҪѩˣĽҪѩǸոգĽѾˣ
Ҫѩ
̵ЦЦҪѩȥǣѵܹٴɣһƣѾϣΪҪټһƣҲסɢֻҲ벻ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ʧһȫһͷȥ
Ҫ
飡
һؼ죬˲䱻ԪҲδ¡
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ۿΨһĺУ޼ɼ˫˲䲼Ѫ˿һɲǣȫѪӿ߻ħ֮
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ϣͬħģѪէէ֣üһƺ֣ϣʬħֹ
ޣ񣿶ԣˡɱǡɱɱɱһҲɱɱɱ
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ۣ
һѪӿһƺͣһ˲˹һ죬ס£

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ôᡭι㲻Ҫ
ǰʱиַ磬ֵµˣҲʱͻЩڣ˸ʱֵòɿÿҲ歷˳Ȱ⡣
ͳ졭أˡ
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磬Ѫ֣ɱһɹɳޡɢĳޣĳޡĳɱʢ
ƵĹǰֻ޼Ѫ죬ղ䱻ʮƴУɴʱȴ֪ʲôаΧѪΪãƻָˣҲ˲䱩ࡣ
Ѫɷ
һ˲䣬ֻȫѪ֣׹¶ɢģҲƴǰλˡ
ħˡ
żħӣĹӵܣŵľѣڰУܹӦʱΪĹ޼ɡ


1513 ﳤҹ

һ죬յ۹£һ޼նȥ޼ɴʱΪԭɽҲѪȾħɷڣţķղֹ
ط˫ɱۣȻһкֻͼԷնɱۻԽԽ࣬䡣
ʱǧ֮⣬һ֮ϣɷǵİ׷ʶ̽ߣŵˡ
濴֮أѾΪһŨŨѪ֣֮ȻһѪǿġ
ʱϾ΢΢ɫ¶ʵ󲻵֮أվŨĺ֮һѪ֮Թ
ȵȡ㿴
Ȼߵɫһ䣬ڶʶ̽£ֻ֮һۿѪ֮ǵѺȥ
֮Ѫ֮ϾȥطҲв̶ͬȵѪ֮ȥȻһн޷ģʥ֮µˣҲʶ
⡭
ұߵһ䣬Թ֮ԨȥԨĺ棬ڡ
⣬б䡣
һ̣߾ȫɫʼ죬硱ֻħϣͬʱ̰Թ۶ɵһ硣
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޼ȫѪ죬ѪȻǼȥȻδбһӰȻϮ顱һش˳ȥʱѪֹ
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֮УϮ޼ɵǵӰǷڵĻӰǿ깥޼;ƿݣǿ֮ĩˡ
ٺ٣ٺ١벻ҹһ壬ˣٺ١
ʱƵĹ£޼ѪɢЦֹдĹˣʱҲ£˹һɪɪ
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ɱ
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޼ɶʱɫ䣬ɴʱˣǶʮ˵ֶΣѾʶˣûκһˣܴ»
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캮ն£һ̣޼ֻ˺ѷεʹȴûã赲Ƕʮĵն
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һ̾ϢԶߣȴֽǰڳ֮ˣԸеһϣҹӰʮˣһ̶˰С
˲ΪСѽգѾڴɱαػҪٶ޴ĸնɱͲ½ѶһĽô
Ʋϵ߶һ˲䣬ȻǰһϢ漴
Ǿž۷塭һɲǣȻܵϢҲµˣǹλˣ
Ϣ˲䣬ֻȻһɽӡֱץ
һ˲䣬ǷӦ˹ƾĿǰΪһž۷ǿӲ
Ҳͬʱһ˲䣬ѽ⿪ӡ̨֣һֶ˲ҹӰʮˣ˳ȥһɲǣܿǵӡķΧ
컯šСѼȵ컯֮ΪУȴɱ֮ʵϧ
ղһӡ
˾ע£ֻ߳һӰ뷢ףһ˫ָ󣬽̤գÿǰһӰ˲ڰ֮⣬ˣ͸һɳȻǿϢ
һ˲䣬Զ˹ָˣҲȻɳȻǿϢˡ


1514 粽
棡
桭ˣ
ĺߣʣµĹˣһ㶣ץסһǵУû˼λ档
˲Ǳˣǹλչǧ棬йﳤҹ
棡
޼һû뵽ʱȻǸӦΣԲųģϧվδܲ͸һأվδ̫ʥ֮
桭棡
ǰж棬ˣ˿޲ӯһЩ֮ˣ϶ݺˣϺš
Ф޼ɡ棡
޼ɡͨһŰеȥݺᣬһչѣ˴Ҳվδ̫ʥ֮бˡ

ﳤҹһ̾ʱ磬ʬױأȴ޹౯֮飬ΪȾ磬Ѳƹ޼˰ɡ
֣֮עһвѭˣ㲻رˣա
桭
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ǰλž۷ǿߣڳ˽һѹ̤ħ֮ǹսɶµħҲǿ֮⾳㡮Ҿ
˱˵һž۷ߣ̫ʥڴˣҲԸκһ˿ѹ
ȻʱﳤҹҲܵõž۷Ϣ޷ǰκһ˿塣ųһֿܣˣѼʶǿöĴڣľž۷壬΢
ҹһϣж꣬ȴ֪εСѣСѻ磬ɱ֮ࡣ
ﳤҹÿһ֣ʮƽ̶һɲ⣬ʹջ磬ɱùһֻʣǧˣϾȻû˿һֳȻҲһֳѺ쳾֮ľɡ
ҲЩԿ͸ǰˣܾžǿ壬Сһֻһ̤̫ʥ֮ˡ
ĳǰﳤҹһľž۷ǿ߸ǿպȻл̫ʥ֮
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ܾˣȻʮֲǵģһʧܣδ̫ܿ̽ʥѰҶ츣أٴγԣûбҪԪο֮棬֪жڰпţбȻ֡
Դ˿̣ﳤҹֻΪ˫Թ㵽˽ɣ֮ˣҴˡ
ƣҲ٣طѾûбҪˣﳤҹ뾡һ츣أٳͻء
ȵȡ
ʱȻǰ˼һ̣˶ס˺һ±ʮ̣Զ˶ʲôԷһž۷ǿߣձǸˣڸ˫һ̨²ô
ѵһҪݣʲôôǿɲȥһž۷ǿߴ򣬶ԷһƣǵԪ
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Ŀ⣬˹޼ϣһ̣Զ˽һڸһž۷ǿ˵
ϡ
ҲδϵϾִţﳤҹɲ⣬һǲûжʤ㣬֪Ҫˡ
ʱ֮棬Щʶ̽ˣʱҲס˺һʵǿ͸
ɽǿ͸˷Ŵǰ;ҪȴҪȥػһħŮ
գǸӿ͸ˣΪʲô˴粽ãҪȥӲһž۷ǿߣѵҲ
˺󡣡
ЩĿ˽һϡ
£
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ʱ֮棬Щ˸һһ֪һž۷ǿ£޻ԣˣȥˣǡƾһȥԿһž۷ǿߣ𡭡


1515 Ԫϣ
ֳգ쳣̣˶ϢʣµĹˣҲ͡
һ̣ƽĿ⣬޼Īеͷһеȥ桭
ӹ˵½빫ﳤҹ˴˶ţܵĿҲҪɱһ͸һɴ̹ǵĺ䡣
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£䲻Ըڴ˶ܾˣҪѹ޼ɽȥȻǲܵģǾ޿ܡ
ֻ̧̧֣Сţܹ˴ߣһԡ
ϡ
ԣ߰˾һţħҲɽ֮ϣüȻʶʱԶԶûаЩ˳ȴ֪ԣҲǣԸ˼ԭ
֮ħǿߣ壬ֺξǰһССľž۷壿˵ʱȷʵжµħ˼ɡ
ߣ벻ȥˣ˼һССľžߣ˿ˡ
ʱԺ˹ħһСӣۿƺ򲻹Ҫ˰ɡ
ûȥħĿһڹﳤҹϣǱԡ
ǡ
ﳤҹһЦһЦ·Цǰ˵֪ҲЦͿԸԸƴܾˣȴһδ̤žˣܹߣҪҪˣ
Ǳԡ
䣬ֻﳤҹһ̧һʱĲƹȥǱ֮ˣһ˲䣬˹ﳤҹԪӤ֮С
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ߣ˼ĳ˹ȥһҲס˺û뵽ȥһž۷ǿˣǻڰһ
ߡ
Ԧ̨ﳤҹ鵭Ȼһָ̧ȥһָһָŵ⣬ѰȴǼΪ
˵ڳλĸܳһָԶɽϣħҲȻɫǡָû뵽ˣȻָϹžѧ
һɲǣǸָܵǱѰӲֻ»𣬸˼Ԫ
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겻ˡ
Ϣ֮ʣֻü֮УһӰ˲䳯޼ɷȥ
ǡԪϣ
˽һûܹ뵽ʱȻԪϡﳤҹһû뵽ӾǰԪϣӦʱѾˡ

һֵ˲Ź޼ʩչ£жʱٹХͳǺƹҪֲжֲ
һɲǣ޼ȻӲˣǰ̫أԪľʱֻһԪҲֿ
ƴȫǽȥϧǣĽѾʩչ˽˽ɻȴӲˡ
ֻǵʯһ˲䣬ûܹ壬ѾԪλ̨һ˲ȥ
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ߣһ˲ȴһ̧ʾָֻһղĻǣһöѪöѪߵİȥ
סѪ񣬸ԥһһһѪɫ׭һ½޼ɵĻǷ棬ؾǹﳤҹҲѻǾˡ
ɪɪ總ˣ֮棬Щʶߵˣһ̽ס˺
ʵŸղһĻȻһž۷ǿ£ѹ޼ɵĻǸ˹ܹţ
һ̣˽Դĵ׸еһ䣬ֱڣǲףΪε̶ʮʱ䣬ǧħΪ˶ˣʵ̫ˡ
жݣ
ȷҪǸղŹﳤҹǰϵԪϣһ˲䷴Ӧ˹ûԪһž۷ǿߵһ˲
֪ˣȴȻգðԪ񱻹ﳤҹΣգǿ˹޼ɵĻǡһ˸ȥģ˵ȥҲȥ롣
һ̣˶֮ĸ֣ȻٴԪŵΪ֮һ


1516 
ԪϡСѹ
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ﳤҹһʱԣһŵСһȷʵˣһ仰ϷȻҪ˵̫СһգСȥ⿴ŻʶΪǿߣңԲ
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ֱҹŻص𰲻ڣҲڣĴǿտյˡ
ȥ֮ϣһŻȡӡ޼ɻǵĻ￴һȴȻɫһףź㷢һƺߡ
հʱӲ¹ﳤҹһǻָ˵е۹½ţɱϾû˶µħ⻯ָʧϹžѧͨһУԵʱˣֻһֱǿţδùﳤҹѡ
֮ص飬Ҷ˵ˣ̫ˡ
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歷˿Ŵʱɫ԰׵仰û˵ڣһֻ̾ӹﳤҹˣʵ̫ðˡ
û˵ðգץ޼ɵĻǣڴ޴˻ΪԸ溡
歷˿һУ˵ʲôֻ̾ĬδĻҲͬˡ
ˣ˵ˡ
Ļ歷ʵǱߣΣҵԭô


1517 
ǱɶȱѾ޸ɶԭ򡭡Ѿȥˡ歷˵
š
΢΢ͷ˵겼¸ܹһٶʮ˴ţʱ´ʱȴͻʣ󷨴ݻ٣شǧѼʱ
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һΣȻɶػ棬ɻħ粽ػ淽ԲԲκ˿
ڵ˾ʮ죬ʱ̣֮ʱѡڴʱ󣬵вʧ
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Сӡ׼ôһֹΪΥˡ棬ʵ
г˯ѵ溣ȥ֮صʱ򣬱һУҪԾű临溣󣬶δȥңǹ޼ɱģǾ͸ɴˡΥΡ


1518 ű
ӼѾʱҲٶԣ˫΢һӡʱʮɫ׭쪷Ǿűȥ
Ҳԥ̼ƣű󷨵۴ȥһɲǣʱֻ֮棬ǲɳȴ޷ۣһʱ䣬֮ϣֱͷƤ顣
ɷɷɷ
ԽԽĻǴ˳ȻͶ֮УֻЩĿŤϷҽУͶΪãֱȻɢҪʹࡣ
ʹ깫Һ֮ǲݣɴʱЩʹ˻꣬Ҳһֲ֮С
ϣеȴʼֻĮ飬δȥЩһۣҲЩ꣬Ƿ޹
Ȼָֻһڼ˷ӡ޼ɵö񣬽ŽǻͶ˽ȥǻɵ棬ӡʱ⿪顱һѣ޼ɵĻһ·˳
ҲЩһ󷨣Ǳ޷룬޼ɿŴʱҵĻǣҲһĿŤݺݵصȥһ


ҡʹ࡭ʹడ
ʹ࡭ʹడҺʹ
ʹ࡭ʹడ
ҺĿŤֲֿһĻ˰ޱ飬ˣħϻҲЩȻ
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ɷɷɷ
ĻڲͶ룬޼Ť־ŭ˻һһֲص·壬ľ
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Χ˽ϢʱѾһ㺹飬˫һӡʱɷɷ룬޼ɵĻһ±סˣ类ٹɻ꣬ϷХ
˿̣еӡԽԽ죬űͨڹ޼֣֮ΨԹ޼ɵĻΪ

ֻ棬޼ɱٹɻ꣬ȸղǹҪʹٱԶˣһĻ̲סͷƤ飬巢
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޼ɷХԽԽҵ֪Լˣ֮УȻһɿµһ㡭룡Ҫ㿴ߵˣһȥ㣡
ֲص·֮ϣХ֮ϣ޼һ֮ʺһΣǰˣҲɫ
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Цʧ޼ɵĻҲɢˣɢֻҲ벻ˣĻǣ벻ֻء

ʱȻɫһףһԿǼʮɫ˵űͬСɣ䷴ɣ
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˵ʱŹ·Ǳ߷һҲԽԽ磬ǧҪ°


1519 ڤ֮
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׺һ֮ǰֶ۷£Ҫɶȥʱɶȥ׷ȥ

·֮ϣֻű棬ɿӿŵʮΧ֮е溲ͣתȴһɲǣȻֹͣˣϵףҲͻȻֹͣˣ죬Ȼʮ
ˣֻһʱ䡣һ۾ȥһ
Ҳֹͣ䣬һ֮ƺһڤϢڤֻմȾһڤϢҲض١
סȼ֮ǰűĻǽڤ֮䡣
֪ˡ
һ̣Ҳ׼ű佫溵Ļɹֱӹλɵڤ֮䣬űͨҪԪϣȥڤ֮䣬ҵ溵Ļǣء
Ҳԣ˫΢һӡԱߣʱȼһķ㣬ֻһʱ䣬ڤ֮ʱԥһ˲Ԫϣķȥգ۱ʧ

ǰЩ谵ģɭޱȣԪѾڤ֮䣬ؿѪڤ͸һ˻˯
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溽㡭ץң
ʱֻþһԣֻҪϲƣҵȥ·Ȼһɲǣ±ڤȻһץһ½溵Ļץסˡ
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ۼֻʣһˣҲȴ޷ͨűȥڤ֮䡣
СӡҪȼˣ
˫ֲϽӡмʮҲϲ֧žű󷨡
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ˡ
һҲȼˣʱ˿̣ӵɫδѿ˼˹ǰô죿ٲɢģ


1520 ֮
ڤ֮䣬һ֮ס溵Ļǣȥ
溽㣡
ɫһ䣬ۿеĻѾʼ˸ֹһ˿оҲȼˣʱķڰ֮϶رգҲҵڻȥˡ
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һ˲䣬Ӿǿд֮϶˲Ϣжȥˣ棬罥ֹЪȴĿɿڴǴδ·ǰԭ
Щڹ·ӼԵҲΪ·ˣڲݣֻ֪λ·ˣȴ֪λ·ˣǵ˻ĵʥ
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Ѱ֮ˣȻŲֶΣҲԽ临

ʱȥ죬һգصָҹʱɫںһЩһ屻ҲѾȥһʱ䣬һش𣬶ǹġ
֣ħж˼壬һ죬ЩĹ壬Ҫ⣬ҲҪٶˣһϣõӡ
˿̣ص氲ʱһĽŲǽŲͣͣʱʱأЩԥգһһ㣬صˡ
붯ʶŲ֪𰣬˵𰣬ô
ϡ
Ȼֻ˵Щֹӣ۵ɡ
Ƭ̺˽ǰɫԻָһЩСʵϺЩ𣿡
š
΢΢ͷʵǰΣ
룬˵ǰҲû°ɣգȥ·濴溣ûм
š
գڤ֮䣬ǿӼʱΣԤϣֻǿд֮϶˼Ļǡ
յʥɱϾûǿҲԼĽƣɱǣһ뿪죬Σˡ
ͺ͹ħһɹħϾҵһ߹Ŵ˵ĹǺ֮ãûСҲԸһ߹档
ҵһߺʵÿһεĻģѻָҪһߺʵ̸ף
ԽǿĻ꣬ҪԽߣǧҲֻҵһ˶ѣǴβûܶɹԼش
˿̣һ˵һҪӰûӵڤڵʵжµħԶԸڤϾڤĵطֹڤһǿߡ


1521 ֮
ãȻվŲ˫ü΢ﻹݵӣʵôˣ
ָֻ˺һ̧ͷС˵աչ޼ɡ˵Щ
ԭȴ칫޼˵Щ֮ʡŵЩվ˵ǣᱳô

ԣһ̧ͷǰԼ߳ϣګګȻˡ
ǾͶˡ
֮£ֻԼһ֮ʣӴԳ¡
ô
ͷԺչ޼ɵĿֲӣǸеֲ
Ȼͷ˵ˣûˣȥɡ
ӣӿȥʮֹ磬벻ҹӰҲ˿ɰһ档
šһȥˡ
ȥɡ
ȥߵſʱͣʵ㻹ʲô𣿡
ûûˡæҡҡ֣տ첽ȥˡ
ûȥ˫΢΢һ̧ڵﴦת

ҹǳ˸»ֹء
ʱ澳һɲѰϢ̫ؾŹȡ亮ɽطλڣƽ˸Լؾٻһ
ʱȴͬһؾ֮Уؾ֣Ȼһ㼫ǿĽƣΪٸߣ֮ͨʶҲԿ档
̫ˡؾˡ亮ˣǳڵУһ㣬ǽЩ꣬˿һϣΪͻͽϵǾˡ
Ȼʱ˿ȥȴûֳڴ˿ؾĹӳ£˵ģȥЩɭȻ¡
̫ӣ˵ߣΪߣҲ̫ʥ֮ˣȻʱȴȫɼҵ׹⣬η
ãżص£λʦΪΣ
ԣԱߵؾ˺ʹ亮˽ȻһΣһ£ʵڳǵ
ʵ꣬Ǳ֪ӽضʮֿ£ֻû뵽֮󣬶ԷӹɽΪѵ˿µĵزӹɽô֣žǿ߶С
ǸξʦҲԽԽ˰ɡ
ãؾ˲ſڣеξȻǵ֮꣬ʱͬʱǸξǸһҹ֮䣬Ϊ˵ξ
ֱڣǻξһУħ죬ȴʼտ壬˵ģֻļǵǾ仰ҪɣɱƫƫҪΪħ
ʱգÿÿǸµĳңټֻֻħ
ֹã亮˿ڵʱգڵһ£ʦȻϿ𣿡
ֻ̫üϵĺԽ˿˺£Աؾ˺ʹ亮˶
ڵһ£ʵ˷룬ϸǲֻ֪̫ʦһ֪ôˣԷȴʼնԴ»ĪκҲÿѯʡ
ã亮˲ٴοʵѾһˣ֮£ʦȴȻؿƿʦܶһʣ¡Ƿйأ
סڣ
̫֮˺Ȼɫɫʮֿ£ʹһĬȻؾˣʱĪеһֺӱϮ
ʦͻȻɫ亮Ҳټѯʴˣ˺һ̫˲˵֮£ǣ̫˵壬Ƕλʦܼ֮󣬴Ҫᡣ
ʱ̬ӣؾ˺ʹ亮Ҳٶˣȴɵ̾Ϊ̤ʥأ绽꣬ܣȴ֪ЩĴʥҲϡ
һִ̫ȡһöҩֻǵҩѪޱȣ͸һϢ·˵һ沼Ѫ
µҲֻܷһöˡ
̫Ѫɫ𽥱ʮָӣ˵ƣҲԸӿ˵
Ա˼ѪҲһ£һ˲̧ͷǰʦ֣ؾѹʦ֡˲𣿡
̫һöѪһ±Щͳɭˣʱ䣬һϣλʦܾãҪҪգ
⡭
ԣؾ˺ʹ亮˽һڲٶˣҲԴȡһö̫һģһĵҩ˿̿Ѫ˵ɫü临ˡ
̫ӵڣűħһԹԣ޹ħλʦܣкԥ˵գͷһȽöѪһȥ
ʦ֡ԱһҲ̫ǰ㣬ҩ˿С
¡¡
ϣȻܲ쳣Ŀ£Ƕ̻̲ļգˣգħôδй⼸յĹףʵľ

죬ص֮УͻȻ۾Ͼһ亹ɫҲЩ΢΢ס
ϣôˣ
ţص棬ʱ洫춯˽ȥ


1522 ׷
ϣ
ʱɫɷף𰼱Ҵ˹ȥ뼸ǰʱѾָˣɫѿ
û¡
̧̧֣Ҳ֪ΪΣղ˹֮ʱȻң·һֲõԤУͻȻļһ
˺һɫŽָ糣̧ӣ˲ϵ亹Сʵû°ɣ
û¡
濴˿ڴ˹ָʮգӦȥ˵ްҪȥ˹·壬ұˮҪԡ¡
ţ
˵ͷȥˣһͰˮɾѣԡϣ漴ȥ˹·塣
·֮ϣһûʲôˣЩҲڱչػָɽ壬Եøˡ
Ƭ֮溵ͥԺ棬漴ȥˣ¥±żŮӣʱˣ׷׵ͷ񣺡ϡ
š
΢΢ף漴¥ֻ溾ڴϣɫѾָؿҲźţȻѾתࡣ
溽㡭
ڴرϣẰһ֣ʱҲóȻʶȥ̽ƣҽʥҩʥλ£Ѿ𽥻ָˡ
֮޻Ӧü΢Щ֣ŵ꣬Լ£ȫϣ˰꣬ǸʱҲһڴߣԼܹɡ
ǸʱԼ˰꣬ҲҹչԼꡭ
溽㣬ĳѾ㱨ˣʲôʱ򣬲Żء
֣ҲյЩůˣʱԺһĻһĻʱļ両֡
ָ˴ˡ
ûأ׷ҰʱСĵˡ
ԷȥЩƣ磬ϴƥȥ
Ŷö˶˵ģֲ£ͻȻͶȥʲô
С溺£ⲻţٹ꣬ô
Ҳȥ
ɶȥ
ȥǲȥҲס
ɶ
ҪɣѧŵķˣҪ

ʱļ䣬һĻһĻԺ֣︡һûǸجΣǵڶ죬հķԸˣƥ͵ȥˡ֣Ƿڲһ
ʵʱԣѧЩķܰˣͷҲһˣֻ쿴ﶼóˣӶԼķɵͷһʰˣʱ֪ʲôɣ
溣ǵ㣬ʱܰ˴ܣиĨ˲ҩĽ㣬ÿβܴӮҲãҲã͵͵ȥٻȥǧҪ»ȥ˰Բѣ˵ȥɽ׷СҰСʱСˤŵġ
ʹѾȥôˣʱļ䣬ĿѾûˣ溱ʱΨһĻ䣬Ҳһ㡣
ǲҪﳳڸ¥޶ڵ£Ѧ޹ԻᴦǶԣ¡
ʱ¥Ȼ˰ͳԻЩӣʵ𽣬
ϣû£мӲ£˴Ҹˡ
ţ
溸Ǻñӣ漴˳ȥ˵Ҹղƺʲô飬Ǽҡ
±һЩС¶ѣϽղͣΪ˷Ի˴
ţ
¥ȥ죬κ飬ȥȻµˣ˸ֱԼξԺҪԼǾͱȻС¡
Ҹղţᵽ޶ڣ޶ھǧ챱ߵڣһ⣬˼пܴӱǱ룬ƻȡǱ
𰣬˵

һ̧ͷèŽŲߵԣקקڣ㣬Ҫ˵ɡ
ţ
˿ǰˣڣ˵ô飬𣿡
ˣֻǲϹ۶ѡ
£㽫˵˳޶и巵ĵӣǰдԣ˼һŮӣдţڴ֮ǰμǿŮӣֱ˴ζ·
Ȼء
һ̣ѾЩ˪ˣվһԣҲеһ䣬˵£תһ룬鷢֮£ϲãҲû˵ˡ
˫ü΢˵տ己꣬²֪δ棬ɵӾʧʣЩѪڵӣɵĳϣһʱƬҲѹȥ»ɣ´֮죬ǡʱڣųɿĿܡ
ǰɷӦΡ
°ӣɱͬߣһɰŹ棬ϳΪʦš
𰿴ȥֲֹʱԼӣ˰
ֻعͷŰ𽣬£ҪҹӰȥ顣
ϡ
ԣһ̧ͷв֮ɫ˵С£ҹӰ棬ЩʣϾŵԼ񡭡
ⲢС¡
˫ָԶɽ壬˵²Ҵ£ǷԼţǷ֮¡
ԣһˣֵף׷ҹǰ޶ڣ£޶ڴڰΪϢ
ȥɡ
˻䣬ֵѦ޹ˣΪһ֮һ򾤾ҵҵ㡾ְأЩرߵҲйҶ˽⣬Ӧǲ˵֮£¿Σ𽣬ϸݳ
𽹰ֵϷģ׷һֲ
ţȥɡ
ǡ
𽹰˹֣ͥԺȥˣʣһͷ֪˵ʲôҲҿ룬׷ʦԳ£ӦǺܹܿɣ׷ʦı£ҹӰˣһˣ׷ףѷ˵׼ˡ


1523 
޶ɽλǧɽڣһβЩڹƣ޶ڵʵѷǵɱȣ⼸˵ͻͽλڱչص̫ϣҲѾˡ
޶ȻҲһΪڣڶ츳֮ˣڣڣˣ󿪵ʱҲ˽Կڡ
ʱһģɽֻһµ±ߣһģ飬ǰɽڴȴһ磬ĳ롣
ʱȻɢȥˣֻһ׷˽±ߵͷҲûأֻϺΣʲô
׷Ц¹ЩģڵһЩ伮øӷġ
үүģ
ʱǺתЩ׶ȫ޵ԣǱˣǿ巡
׷ЦЦС˵飬̫ϻᰲȥģԽһʱ䣬ҪίӴɽˣҲҪȥϾҲӦ֪ڹӲЩԣϣһֵʰĵز̫Ҳѳ桭
ߣ
һߣһɲǣ׹ССڵӣҲҸӶб£͸Ҹ浽ȥȺ޷ǼʱӵѪˣǿûбôǺǡ
׷ԺЦԣһſڵ֮£вֵø󣬷ֵȥˣǿ鷳ˡ
Σ
ֵ֮ʣѵʱɱˣ˵ˣүү̫ϣⱱߣޱţѲ֪ˣһˡ
Сӣס
׷ͻȻɫһŵ濴˿ֻعͷһɫҪ֪Щǲ˵ġ
ǡ
Цһôγϣˣ

׷ִ̾ȡ伮˵֮ʱ䣬ҪЩˡһǱߵĳϴõģӷģ¡ۼҲӰ칫ӽǰ;
ˡ
һ䣬תͷȥŻƻ֮£ͣԼʶô޶ڣ֪ж򱾹ͶͱǱӿ϶ѣƫƫ㣬ҪƾһССڵӣҸӶ

ҹžʱ޶շ壬һСԺеƻ˸ˣֱһӣһŮӡ
һ£ϼ㣬Ů毺ãֻǴ˿̶ڴϣ˫ֱСȣţܵʲôš
ã£µġʱ˹ȥ˫磬ο
Ů̧ͷ˸磬¡ЩجΣμֻˣɱˡ
ԭŮڵĵӣͬʱ¹ϵ
ɵζѣξ෴ġ
ЦЦֵ˵ˣ֮£ֲʲôڰ֮أտб£Ѳɻֻˣİɣһֻعġ
棬𡭡
̧ͷһЩһֵͷСǡ죬ıǸˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ġ
һЦ˸ӣ˵ϲҲκ˺ǣҵʬȥ
𣬱𡭡æֵߣЩĻ˵ȥˡ
ʱȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲŵûһץ䣺磬Уˡ
¡
ļ漴վҲһԪ˭
ҡ
һͳ⴫˽
³ϡ
һ漴ɢȥĵԪ߹ȥŴˣֻſվһµߣɫģշ֮һ³ϡ
³ϣôˣ𣿡ԷʱɫЩʵ
³˿ֻعͷһûȥ
ϽݣæӴͷ㷲¡³ϡ
ſڣҲ漴ݣպŴ³ʵϣôǳʲô𣿡
³һûؿ˶һۣںˣִˣ˰ɣ
վڴߣͷָ˵ֱ׳ص£ûʲô
סڣ
³ϵһۣǺ꣬һˡ
һԣǲ˵Ǻꣿѵܵͷ𣿸οЩ£ôʦã꣬Ǳˡ
ұ죡
³ŭ죬½ϸպþ⸽巿ֱɱ㣬Ѵ֮£Ҳκ֪
ԣĬˣȷʵԿ巵ΪҪȡֱȲһֻϻסǣѵҪվ⣬ŶԷȥ
Ҫպῴ޲һĻ˽ڴϣѾ˺ȫధ󣬶ûá
³ϼʱΪʲôˣүү̫ϳϣһΪߣ˶Ϳģʲôȥ֡
ӣȻһ°ˣãŵǳҹˣ˵ЩΪʲô
ߣ
³һ䣬˵洫𣬶Կ巽ǰ;Ӱʮִ󡭡
˴򴲱ֹ߲Ҫ㣬ȥ¡
ʵˣʲôóģ
ʵҲŤ
³ϵһۣȥ˵Ҫȥ£ղǿ巶㲻죬һֱĽ巣ձԷָΪɣڣȻ
˴ɫɷףǻһ𣺡˵ߵڰףοõ˵ЩףԸȥȥЩ£
³Ǿȥˣһ˰ˣʡպշ壡
ϣ㡭벻Ҳ֮ˣҴ㣬ԭΪֻع
ֹһ˵ţһȥȻͷһЦϣɻй
ߡ
³һЦЩ˵һĲֵݽϣһѣǹĳôã⹻
棬һĳţȻȥ磬Բ㡭
˿ֻ̣ˮ΢΢һãҪʲô
£³ϵЩ꣬лϵ֮࣬£һнҲ³ϡ
˵գȻͷ±̽ȥʱһѺذףһԼȥ


1524 ׷
ã
ʧɫһ˲ȥڵֻмʱץסˣѪ˳ƵһһΣ׵ȹ档
硭Ѫˡ
Ѫˣŵɿذף࣬·ѸоʹȻץŵУʲôʲô
ǵзȴԽԽ˿ҲԽԽͷˣѪϵ䡣
ŵɫɷף£磬ҲˣȰѵɿòáҪҪ
һѱ䣬Ѹܲ˿ƴʹֻڰ磬ĺ
ֻתͷȥǰޱ³ϣ˵ھʹ뿪;նɣҲա
³һ۵Ѿֵ˵ز˾֪˾ҹ뿪շ壬Ҳ߲ʮ
ҪΡ
ԽԽͳˣɫҲԽԽ£·ħȻ֪˺ڰ꣬ɰħȻٿѡԼȥ
³ϻۣޱصҪΨаҸղ˵ȥ
硭
£䣬ҡͷ£磬û£¡ֺ𡭡

ǽذףȴȻͷЦ۲Ѫ˿Ҳ˳Ϻ֣ȻˣҾȥɱտģ
Ȼذףһ˦ȥŵʧ˳磡
վס
³ɫһ£ذϣ֨һɾסʱʹ֮ɫٶð֣ѵһذҲס˵ϡ
ܲסȥɱ巣һָ㣡
³ɫ˪ЩһǴԹ󣬶еһãͷ룬ݽ棬ңΨ

ЦʱȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲһӵ𣺡ϣˡ
졭
ԣ³ϵʱɫһ䣬ɿǵʵһλ
£Ժӣȴһ±ޱȣ·һ̣綼ֹͣˡҹôδйš

ʱһ滺ĽŲǽŲԽԽ³ϸһӣŮӵЬ
ŲǰֹͣˣһŮ˽׷
׷֣³һ±ɫæȥűߣŴ򿪣һҲ濴һۣͷֵ޶շ࣬μ׷ʹ
û뵽¾ȻѾ棬ģʲôͨˡ
³ϣˡ
ֻǰվŵŮӣǳü£һװʮ˿ˮҲβɾ˳ű¡
˿˫ǰоδ˿˿漴߽ȥûҹӰıɱȴһԨĸо
³ϲ׷ҹˣѵҪԵ¡˿һڿˮ׳ŵʵ֪׷ʹҹǰν¡
ǰдԵ϶ߣ˵ǽ޶ڳЩӣ޶Ǳڣô¡
׷˵ţ˵ʱĿʼﻹЩʧϡ
ڵӣûʲô棬ʱ족ϡּۣ³϶³һ£ʱʲô䲻ϵǰˣԷǾˣ
ֻͨһ׷ȥ׷ʹһ˵ţһԱߵһ·ӦҲŹȥȴ֧֧ᣬ֪˵ʲô
ҷ£ˣ˵
׷һ˵ţһ㷲³Ͽ˿һЦƺ˵ϣ޹֪ʲôط
ԣ³ϵʱ׻һæȥһԼϣСһʱͿʧ
׷ȻЦݣա
ǣǡ
³ϲվȻֻһССշĳϣҲǰλ׷ʹʲôˣЦ飬׷סģûһܴѣһΣִˡ
׷תȥǽյ˵ɡ
ԣһ£ʶ³Ͽ˿׷ȻĴ浨ӣǲ˵ʵ飬ЦСã֪ʲôˡ

ګګǰλЦº͵Ľ㣬ǽЩŵģһССڵӣ֪ˣ
׷ϴЦ֪𣿡
ǲ֪һګګҡҡͷ׷˴£֤ȷ䣬а֮ˣݣһ
ԱȴˣһأǿүүҲסˣ˵ã㽫龭ԭԭλ׷ʹǡ
Ҳˣ£㽫յľԭԭ˵˳
֮⣬ڽڴ棬˵Ҳ˵Уڸǹȥˣ£׷ҲҪһ鵽ס

ڣɽ±ߵĲݵ˷żֻվֻ̳ȴ±轣гâȴǴ⡣
ʽȥâң˭裡
Ҳ˿̵⣬巻ˣгķָȥΪۡؽУ

âһٿһɱƿնȥ
ʱȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ巻һݡһ˳ȥ

ȴָסˣǰλճϣصĿվ̳ŵһ˱Ƕľζüͷһ塣
ЦЦĽһǴż⣺ϺΣ鶼ôǼˣǶѾáҿɲ룬꣬
γü巼˵ЦЦô𣿾ڵļˣγ϶㲻ʵڲУɱ˱ǡ
˵ȥγˣˡ
Ŷ
ϣˣȴţЩƵЦЦȻֵЩ˶٣ʮٸܲһǧɣǺǺǡ
γ俴巼ʱӣ·ڿЦЦҲһʧˣ˭ˣ
׷
ִӺγϿеȻһ紵ʹÿ巻һʱһ´ӵվһɲǣ·ϵľҲȥˣֻеϮ


1525 
׷׷
ȻҲ֪׷ʲôˣǰ׻ŸӦѱ䣬һλϣú׷׽ôˣ׷ףӲǽ˵ͷ˻
ɽ֮ϣ󣬴˿̿ȫˣǰĺγϣô᣿С£ôᡭ
š
˿̣ǺγԵʮ򶨣˵֮£ֹδɴˣŹ棬꣬Ǻʹˣ޷Ĵо
ԣһЩֻڣӲˡ
ǡ
ȻγֿڵǹǰЩ飬׷ˣ̫Ҳ˹ӣңҲ𡭡
ô죿
뵽ǰЩ£巶ʱһ亹ֻγ߽˼ѹհ죬׷ضڵϹ£ʱҪסһҧǾƺ֮£ǳˣǹӿݡ
ãã
ͷΣ֮ܳ£ȥշ壬ȷʵǺ˾ơҲ˵ùȥ
ȻƬֺ̺Ȼ뵽ʲôʱ׹̶ɫɷף˵׷Ц飬ֶʮһֶΣǿв̽Ԫô죿
γʮ򶨣˵˷Ԫ²ˣģɷ涨֮ˣʮ⣬ͨѱ䣬򲻵öԪ֮
Ŵԣ已˿һ̧ͷһô죿
š
γɫһ±ЩģҲˣΣһҧǿЩʦ֮£һ׷֪Ҳû취
׷׷ӵҪûд
һ̣巵ɱԱߺγϿһۣ˵Ҳڴ˾þ뿪סҸղŵĻΣһҧϡ˵գתʱķȥˡ
Ӱʧʱ已Żعͷķһɲǣɱøˡ
үүغķˣܰȻ񣿶ҲԼﷸС£Ҫô㾹׷ңһ㲻Ҫҡ
ɱֻȻȡһöĺɫʱöɫ˫Ҳ̲סҿ˿һڽ̽˶

磬޶ڡ׹ϣٳϽڵУҲۼ˲ٵӣСʲô
ڵ֮ϣֻһλµΣλ̫֮һĿ壬Ҳǿ巵үү˴αչس֮һΪǵǷ켫
Ѧ޹չţʱ䣬޶ڱ㽻λ̫ϴΪִơ
ʱڵ֮ϣĬȻ±ߣվͷһ׷ߵϣһģˣԼշ³Ϻ½ϡ
˴δڣοǽȳ棬⣬³Ϻ½ϣվں֪Щʲô
飬ˡ
ã已̧ͷղѾõ˵ǣһ顣
ʱּ֪ҲѴ첢δʦ˺ҸԸܷ֤꣬Ժ󣬾ƣȻ֮¡
ԣ೤϶ڵͷۣΪ̫ϵ飬ȷʵŹ棬򵱷ϳΪ޶ڣٻȷʵǼʱֹˣ˼꣬Ҳ᲻أ
ߵϣָѾ˺ȫԼ½Ҳպþ춯ͣ
ϣ˻в³ϣǿȥʵɱڣûκһ˿ڸ֮⣬Щ¡޲硣
ִˣֵ˽֪ˣ죬׷ʹˣ˵Щ
ָԽԽ׷ʹ
׷΢΢һ̧֣ĿڿϣҲɴŵЦݣӣ˵𣿡
ֻתҸղ˵ȫʵˣ֪ҲĻڸģԸܳͷ
׷Ҵ񲢷ˣ˵ѾǿӵһηˣＣڸǹȥˡ
޻̸֮
ʱұߵһȻõ޶ڣַʲôаħЩ䴫ţܵ棿
Ŷ׷ЦҵΪѨ磬ӣΪء

巺Ȼܿ죬侲ԴЩˣ꣬ûûǿͷϣȻû
ϣȻðֱָֻ죬޼ҲͰˣѵ׷ʹˣû취
ɷϷһԡ
ʱڵϵĿ壬˵ˣ˶ȥ׷Ҳл뽲
巽շ´£Ϸ̵ϣҲѴ̣ʴ˴αؽϴǡ
˴׷˹һһδ֮£׷ʹȴҪǿϣϷձȥ죬ҲҪСһع
һǰˣĵӣҲ첻ˣ𽥱
һЦ׷һۣ׷׷Ҳˣûдʲô׷ף飬һΣҵҪ㣬ζҵҵ


1526 
ϣ쳣̣˽Կſ巣ĬȻЩգȷʵ𣬿Ҳ֤֤Щ£ձˣҲ޷
һֻ׷ЦҲգǴ˰󡭡˵գһϿȥ볤ϣҪ㽫޶ڣŵӵȫҡ
ԣҵһλλվ׷סڣˣҪϸɵģںδλϵ£뿪ɵģʱ뿪ģģں꣬ԭ򡭡ЩҪо֮󣬽ҡ
ǡ
ճ΢΢һͷ֣׷ʹ鰸ǸʮӣҲŪȥ
׷ջĿ⣬ҵŵųϿȥ˾ڡ
˾ڴˡ
ұߵϣվһλϣЦģ֮䣬ϸУ޶˾̷֮µĳϡ
׷ӷ巣ռگûҵκ˲̽ӡ
һϲ˽΢΢һگǺֲĵطһ˵ֻһЩ֮ˣŻᱻگЩûͨӱؽȥ
ɫһ䣬Ҫҹگ
׷ȥһŭĶԼôӲỹΪҪȥһɽˮ֮أ²쿴ɣ£轣Ū£
㣡
˫۵֮ϵүүȥȻȴһı֮ɫˣ巴گ
ҪҪүүҪҲҪȥگҲȥȥگûл·
һĻ˶ü޹ֿ㺦£˵ǿһССӣλϣگĴֿ־塣
ʱ̷ӼΣ֪룬գ̷ϱ۾ʾȥץˣҲֻȥˡ
ҹ
̷ץ巸ƿŭ֪˭𣿽˭һ£ɱ˭

ʱ֮ϣһŭȣ˽Աͻһŵòһ£ֻ棬ɫ࣬һ˪Ŀˡ
һλҲƽ￵ϲŭɫɶŭҲˡ
ȥ
һغȣʱŵÿ˫һЩ̱ȥүүҪҲȥ
ʦ֡߰ɡ
գ̷ӻѺȥˣȥһ·ɫҪֲжֲݺݵص׷·۾ѿƵġ
ʱվ׷űѺȥĿ巣ͷԳ˿ÿÿ뵽ĳԼЩʱգܵвǷߺƽ

ҹЩȣҪˣһƻͨĹ׷Щ춼ڷ޶ЩھС£мأʶҪɨЩھҲǲԣֻϸģֻ©һЩ
֮棬ֻΪһ巣ǡʱصһ죬ҵ
ʦ㣬ôŹʲôң
׷˵ΣиΣյ񣬽㡣
Ŷ
׷ЦЦĴΣյ񣬲ǽҵģ˵ɣȥܲܣȥɣ
޶ڡɫؿ
޶ڡ
׷һĪ洫Ǽ£С£øȥˡ
׷˵
صؿ˵£ұ벻ϣȻеģɸղµĽã˵ЩȥˣҼʱÿ£˹ȥ
׷£飬֪òˣ˿̼أƿЦʵʲô£˵
꣬ߵ죬ԭΪǹһ壬һѸȴڣֻв򵥣һɣ޶ܳ⡭
ԣ׷ˣ޶رǱһҪĹؿڣһ⣬Ǳ죬롭
һΣԲ鿵巴Ϊڣȥ޶ڡ

𽿴֣µصΪݾߣΣֻһȥסĿģ˷֣򡭡ܻΣա
׷ɫ𽥻һЦһΪǶ£ģһǣˣ²˳٣ھͶ
ȵȡ
תȥ֮ʱֽס׷عʵ㻹𣿡
ü΢ΡһҪСġ
׷ЦҶܰȻֻһСС޶ڣİɣŶˣϴδƴ֪С͵͵˼̳һѩһ˺ˣһ̳һ

˿̣޶ڡ
¡¡
ȻһŶݶƬϣ
𱻷紵òסҡΣʱȻнŲ볤ϵ׷ʹǰҪϣѾȫ룬ڸͽ𣿡
׷ھ볤ϣ


1527 ɵ
꽥󣬵Ŵ򿪺ֻ볤ϴ˽̧һľӣװǽ޶еӵˡ
޶ʵܴźü壬ˣϴϮѡ
볤ˡ
׷˿ʪӣֿ˿Ƕ̧ŵӣ볤Ц׷ʹˡ˵գӵ˵ɫ̧̽ȥ
ɡ
׷ӽӷ˰̨ϣ볤ҲԸȥ漴վһԡ
׷ȡһϣƬ̣볤ϻվԱûߣʵ볤ϻ𣿡
˵ʱĿɶϣ볤վһԣЦЦ׷ʹ⣬㿴ʵʵҲɣ
˵˴׷ЦЦ˵׷ʹ㿴ʱֽţһȥˣ棬ĺ˻ģǿпӣڹϣȴʹô̶֥С£ǲǡеСˣ
׷Ȼڻ𣿡
ĸҡ
볤æҡЦ˵ǿ巣ƽ̫ϣû˸˵ЩΪΣҲ֪ˣگҲԾ˿ͷҿҪȻ׷ʹ͸ɴֻ۱ֻˣ£±ԺҲٷˣʹҲþȥǣ
˴׷ڷ̧ͷʱ˵²֮£˲֮£֮պԷڣ׷Źһ巣˽ԿЧ£
⡭
볤Ͻüһʱԣ׷ֵϻ˵ˣ˴δҲ࣬а֮ˣأһͬ
ԣ볤һ׷һЦ볤ϣ㻹ʲô𣿡
ûûˡǣҲ׷ʹ鰸ˣˡ볤Ϲ˹֣漴Ҵȥˣ·ʲôһ
Ųûڷ׷عͷרעؿ
֪˶ã겻ЪӴƮ˽ʪһƬ档
׷һһϣҲԽԽˣа޶ڣȻ⡭
Ȳܰ˵Ǽ£⿵巣ڿչЩ£ô£ȴÿһźۼڸ˹ȥƾݰΰõ
׷ԽԽ䣬ӣ޶ڸ߲棬Ȼһǧ̣֮Ѩϵ澾ձؽ⡣
޶һռݱҪλãǳ⣬ȻԹӰ죬˿ĻҲ޵

¡¡
ϵֹ겻Ъʱɽگϴһ˺ѷεĲҽС
һֻ己ţһƣϴϣʹλԹȥ
ԭگ¹ʮ˲㣬ÿһſ½ƣԽ£Խʱ已ڵˣѾܲơ
ƴϣͬպֱӱ׻һʹ࣬Գǵ㣬Ѿ˿ˣʮ˲㣬û˼
ʱڵڴҽе͸ǣʱӭȻ˹谵ĵƻ£һȴǿλγϡ
λʱһæվˣź
γǰһߣ洫ҽУ˵ҺͿҪȥ
⡭
ЩΪѣ֮ǰ̷˵κ˽̽ӿ巣λʹԸġ
γϵϾ֪ҹ뿵Űɡ
ǣǡ
Ƕ˶һۣǸʮӣҲ̫ϵ·ѵźͽƴˡ
ƻ谵һɳʪζԽߣ洫ҽԽͷƤ飬ֱƬ̺󣬲ͣǽͣˣÿʱʱƶһʱ˿ʱѹ
棬ֻɢϢ٣ͷ´ţȥ˰
ֱʱĽŲŶؾһ̧ͷվŵүүһץס˾һ㣬үүҡң
ɫһԵĺγҲüĬĬߵǰߣ˫΢һӡϵĽơ
漴˽ȥүү巸ˣϵҲϷײ
үүҳȥ̫ˡҲҪңҡ
СӣҪ
ʱγҲ˽˵ɫСǵãҸ˵𣿡
ţǵãǵãһҧԲ˵
¶־֮ɫϵͷگ˵ǽΪߵĳϣҲܲסʹ̹࣬ˡ
ɫ㣬ұչصЩ㵱桭Щ飿
ԣ巻һջĬĬͷȥ
˶
һ̧Ҫϴȥɿʱŵɫɷ׵ӣһƣͣ
۾үүҸ˽֮ʱٻǳﲻֵᷢġ
죡
ʱһɺɸֵζһˣܲСģ

˺һ˲Ŵگ·ȻδͣγСʵϣô죿˵Ů˲öԸСε飬ֻһ鵽ףʱǣ
¡
δ䣬һ绮˺ҹһɲǣֻϣӳãЩ¡


1528 
ҹ죬ʱɪɪһԽԽǿѹָУ棬׷һҳҳھ
й޶ڵϣϸˣ޶ڣڹɣڣֱǡ족ءˡҲڡڡڡ
ڣһλݼߵĳϣλϣλ̫ϣڳϡڳϡڳϣǰʱϾؾѦ޹ͻΪ
Դʱ޶ڣλ̫ϴΪִƣڵĿ壬ڵĳط峤ϣڵ볤ϡλ̫ϵΪɲ⡣
˿̣׷ü΢ڣڣ޶ڵڣһʮ˷壬Ǿ͸ˣշֻһѡ
޶ڵĹģʵܴǽ꣬λ̫ϵĳأʵ࣬ŮҲδ˵ܹˡ
һ̣׷ϣüĽҪȥϸ飬ں͵ڣȥԼһʮ˷壬Ҫȥ
ڴ֮ǰ뽫ЩȫоŪСĿģ˷֡
֮׷ѽھȫ壬ЩڵĵӣڵĵӣѾ뿪ĵӵȵȣһ©
Ҫȥڣ鿵ֻ˶ĿҲȥҪһ鵽ף˿ߡ
һ޵ΰҲŲ٣Щʱ޶һҶ󣬺ڽ׷ڵʵѾ¡
ʱһĵ¥ֻһİӣһţЦ˵ɫͷһѵƫƫݰΪиүү޼ɣˣãͿ˳ˣ
ԱһЦλ׷ʹӦѾ쵽ˣǹ㿴ǡ
ЦϻǵȻȫ׷ʹˣߣӭʹȥ

㳡֮ϣеڵĵӶϢλ׷ʹȻҲ֪ο巵ֵǷ꣬춼ˡ
׷ʹ롣
һЦǺǵߴʱڸ׷·ʱԶӣһˣǸղڸ¥Ǹ¿ӡ
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׷ǰȣЦ紺磬ȿŵòһΪԼڳ״ӵݣ֪жʦ÷İԸΪ¡
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Ц̫׷ʹ鰸ʱλ͵Ⱥʹʹɡ
˵գԱ·߿ȥ쳤ϣȥæɣҴ׷ʹȥ͵ǡ֮У׷߽
׷ʹ롣󣬼°һ֣Цݺ㣬崺硣
Ƭ̺׷һׯϵĴϣֻŲٵڵĳϣʱ֮ϣһλµİ׷ߣ֮䣬ȴһ̩ɽϸУ˱ǳط峤ˡ
ʹΪڵ̫ϣɼˣҪӭӣʱֻӵϵ̨һֵ̧ڳط壬׷ʹ롣˵꣬׷֮ϡ
׷ߵ£ȡһ飬˵ط峤ϣ㿴һ£ˣǷڵڡ£һ˹ȥʸ˳ط峤ϡ
ط峤Ͽ֮Ŀ΢΢һȥ˵Щȷʵڣ
ء
׷һ̧˵ˣ뿵й֮ˣҲ֮ܺˣʹǽź£ֻ֪Ƿֱںδ׷ȥüɡ
ط峤΢΢ף˵ҲС
׷ֵ⣬Ϊ©֣գ볤ˣЩڵĵȫҡ
Цºð죬ȥɡ
ط峤ȥ˵ͷ£Ǵ£ȥмҪ©ͳ
ЦϷļǡ

⼸գ׷ڵڵ飬ļգȥڡ
ڡڶЩͬԱȽ壬ҲԶԶں͵ڣ볤ϸǲЦ˲ҽӽ
ڵ飬׷Ҳȥڣ;һЩɽ壬ȻɽԼ쳣һУװֻ֪鿵֮¡
ȷ޶ڱȻ⣬ʱܴݾߣ촫ѶȥҲóȻѶʹ¶
ȥȥ֪ȥ˴£ʱ죬Ȼδѣڷû뿪ʱͥԺнŲ߽
溸Ǻñӣ漴ȥˣֻվ¥£ȥʵǱߣΣ
ϣǱߣʱδʲô
š
΢΢˵ͷԪŵʱֽţ⻼棬һ£ȻĵʱٸЩµЩ鷳ˡ
˵׷ȥ޶ڣҲһˣǱΣ𽿴ȥʵ
һпЩӣ׷һЩ⣬ҲҪ໨Щʱ䡭
ô
΢΢ͷ˵಻ȷɲˣüһ߽Щ𽣬ǲʲôң
ԣ𰲻΢΢һʶˣ˿СѾͷƽﻰ࣬ʱԼҲǹֵֹġ
𰣬δҲң

һ̧ͷæҡֵûûУϴֻ͵͵̳ƣ̳ʣ̳棬ûƭϡ
ô
ǰˣ֪ΪΣδӹɽһָо𽣬Ѿ֮ǰǸˡϣ·ԼҲ֪ܡ


1529 
𽣬ûңô
˿̣һһԽԽˣһԵ𰣬Σý
ȴûʲô仯Ȼ˫ۣ˵ϽЩʱˣȻϢ°ɣϡ
û˵Ȼֱ˫ۣתͷȥ𰿴˿𰣬ϻϢ
ϡ
ЩųųǰϷ·һɽһ䣬Сϣ߰ɡ

˵޶ڣ⽫һ׷Ѿе鵽£һ£ҲüĿֻȱ֤
ʮٷ˶ʮ£һУȻֻڸ˹ȥǽЩģ˵ڸǵ˿ࡣ
׷òϣЩƣڵֿһϵУȴڶ±һЩŵļܣ޶ܳش©
һ£೤ϾУ֮ܲԩ֪أ
£׷ضҪ壬ҲҪЩȫЩ±ߺΪ޶ڳ䡣
ڣѾҲҵ˲ˣɹ֤˵ʲôοЩ˶Ըָ֤֮¡
иشҪȥ壬Ǻշһڣǰ﷢һ׮
и̽ĵӣɱͬһƽĵӣձзϳΪţʱһ˼˼Ůйأȴǹϵ֮ˡ
˰ɵأ׷Ҫ˰ǰǸʱʧ֮ʱʱ춼Ѱϣλע⵽±ߵɣ
ڶգ׷壬һĵӲ࣬˴ȴϡ˷λϣ긺̽ĳϣ䣬Ƕ䳤ϡ
Ѿʱ꣬鵱̽ɱһ䳤ǻ̻̲һڵϵȺ򣬲˿и
Ŵʱ׷룬ϵգøӽˣĵҲźϾǶЩڵӣƽһλʦ֣Ƽһ㹧οʹ
Ρμ׷ʹ
䳤ϲڵϣʱ׷߽ǰӭӣ׷һ̻̲ӣ˵䳤ϲؽţҴ˴Ϊ鵱̽һй֮¡
⡭
ԣ䳤ϸǲˣ˰Ѿ˽꣬Ϊνʹ֡
׷ϵ䳤˵˵ʱΰɡ

䳤̾㽫ʱǼӣ˵˳ʵ̽츳ʱգڣϧͻڡջˮ
Ŷ
׷һʵϺγԣ˵ϸһЩ
ԣ䳤ϼʱи˼˼Ůӣ˼˼òٵӶ̽ƽԭǺѣɺȴΪ˼˼Դף˽̽ʧְƽɱˡ
֮׷˳˼Ƭ̺䳤ϣ˰ľøҿ
䳤ϸԥˣͣȥظ󽫵̽һľȡ
ܿ죬̽һľѱȡʱѾ½ƣȻֻڣһش󰸼ĻնѰȥڣڵ̷ᣬ֮ͨ󣬷ɷҲ˰䶨պҪƾ˾ڡ
ʱ׷ǳľϸ֮ʵ꣬ɻڳĿó̽ɱˣ
ԣ䳤
Ƭ̺һµĽ˶Ӳֻʲ˽һ׷ʱŵ˫ȷӣˡΣμ׷ʹ
׷꣬ڳǳ̽ɱƽ
ԣ˻ֹɫɷ׵ءʹˣ꣬Сȷʵۿǳ̽ɱƽ
˵˴æ̧ͷָ췢ĵСԸ֤˵ްԣۿ̽ɱƽ
׷ʵ֪̽ΪҪɱƽ
⣬⡭
˲֪һʣһԥ֪οڣ׷˼ݣһȣ˵
һȣʱѶŵһƬհף˫һһ¹ȥͷʹСȷʵֻ֪գ֣һҽдܹȥ鿴Ϳһͷ̽ƽڰУƽڣ̽һƽĺƽ
˵˴̧ͷؿ׷С˷˵ʵǰʱ򣬳̽ƽϵãӰ룬Ϊ֮أһǴٴΣɺǴΣĲ֪Ϊʲô̽ͻȻҪɱƽңҵʱλʦܣСһҲˡʹҪҪȥλʦҲ
ˡ
׷ˣû˵ѣǡǰޱҪ֮ˣΪκȻĿΪһŮӣ
һ׷ʵ꣬巿壿
ԣһ䳤ϵڵĵӿˣÿЩ궼ڣôһ׮Щ꣬ڶ
˴ֳ̾ʹʱҲˣȴ˲ŵ㡭Ϊ׮
׷û˵һʵǵǸ˼˼Ůأںδ
⡭
䳤ҡͷһ̾˵꣬ʵ˼˼̽ƽ˵ĹϵҲãˣһ˭ϵ̽ƽȴԴףһڷһϰšҲܲ뿪壬ȥѰңŲʮڵӣһ㲻֮Ҫ˭ܹҵء
˵֮䳤ϲסҡͷ̧̾ͷ׷һˣ׷ʹʲôҪʵ𣿡
׷ľڽϹŲĶ˿ȥ˵ȥ˾֮ء
ǣǡ
æӵվԥ׷ȥˣƬ̺󣬵ǴطֻʱˣҵʱǱߡ˵ָָһߵ֡
׷ûжԣ￴˿˵˴ЩΣʮȣʱ磬еڴ˾ĵӣ춯
ȵĵʮƿһɽ壬ǳϵѵҲֲˣǡһɱû춯
ɵʱ̽ƽĵУ󣬳ǸֶԾһĿܣ֮ľ޿ܴһ
ն˵ʱ̽ɱƽδɽҲδ÷ֻһ󣬱ƽĺϲⲢŹǽϳѧ˿ֲָ˵ƽҲûз֣Բűһ
Դʼգⶼһһıɱ˰Ρ


1530 
ֳգɽţ׷Ȼ˫һգǰڴ˷һУ·³һһɪɪĿҶɱ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ƽԲ𡭡Ҫ𡭡ҳ̽Ƿһֻٻ

׷ʹΣ׷۳˼ã䳤Сʵ
һ׷۾˿һۣ˶ŵؿ˵޷λؽţֻǹһŶˣ̽һ·˼˼ںʱ뿪ģ
⡭䳤ʱ˵עⶼڳ̽һ棬Ҳûע⵽˼˼Ǻʱ뿪ģҲ룬ӦǾڳ̽Ǽ֮ڡ
ã֪ˡ
׷Ѿ֪Ҫȥˣӣҵ˼˼Ůӣܽ⿪е⣬ֻǵ꣬ŮӾȥ˺δʱ꣬ںη
׷ֶΣ׷ף˻ϲӣֻҪҵĺ˻֮ڣûҲģˣѾˡ

ʱЩ캮࣬˷̸һֲ¡ĸоıߣŲٷ֮أЩ֮ڣ㣬֮ˣҲȥЩ֮ء
֮׷Ѿ˾Լһǧһ֮أʱɽǲľ㣬Ҷ֡
һɽͷϣ׷˫һգһɲǣ֮ʩչ˳ȥ֮ҹӰʮǿģҲδؼ
κһ˿ϸ΢޷ӹ֮һϵˣС˻ϲӡ֮˵
˴ԼƬ̣׷ʱ򣬾Щĵ飬ƺѾ̽
ʱһСϪ塱ĵط紾ӣԼŰ˼ңмһСϪϪߵĴ
׷ڣС·ȥʱӭһŷͰƤڵ׳
׳ûװ磬ģ飬ˣһ㶣æζţһá
׷ϴЦ̬֮˵޷λ磬Щ¡

׳һ£æͰ￲ȥõ˵·˵ղҪʲô¶˰ɣ
׷һ£Щ꣬û˽壿
ˡ
׳°ϸ룬һʲôˣ˵Ҫ˵ЩģǴžֻɶһˡ
ɶ
ԶԶԣ߰ǰɣ궬죬ѩ·ȥðһ壬Ϳһε·ߣæȥŷ֣ȻѾס
Ŷ
׷΢΢һ׳ŵɶ˵ܱ֣֮ɷ˹ٱһ˳
׷˵ͷл棬֪λɶڻڴ𣿡
ԶԣǱߣһȥ֪
á
Ƭ̺׷ֻȮ໧˼Ļƹ˼һߺסԼҵȮһ׷ȥ˭ҵݣû
λǽ˰
ʱһλŹȵ˹׷ʵԣλ֪ɶס𣿡
ɶţ
ЩԸס̾ɶడô꣬һ˰Ѻʵòʮ˴ĺӣкӣƫƫ˭Ҳޡ
˼ҹɶסأеûĸ˵һˡ
ʱһ꺺˹׷Цλ˼е㱳ղû˵ʲôҪɶĻһֱߣ壬ôǼСԺɶˡ
СӣҸղˡĹȣǺƨһ¡
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꺺һ¶㿪ˣ׷ͷ΢΢һЦлˡǰȥ紾ӣƺǰҲȥһķСʧ˼䡭
Ƭ̺׷ҵôԺȴûˣҲţɶ
ɶӦȥϪϴ·ˣҲˣҲû˰ɡ
ʱԺǰ·һ帾׷СϪ˿СϪȥˣҪʱһصŮӣľ裬˹
׷һ۱ͬѰҲ׷һ£ͷҲ˵Ҫ뿪׷ɶ

ɶ̧ͷһ£λǡ
׷ֻЦЦû˵ɶ֪ΪΣʱȻЩʢ·ľ裬˵ͷֵͷԼԺǱȥˡ
Լ߳ɾʱ׷Ȼˣܹ
顱һľ˵ϣ·أ׷תȥֻɶʧ룬Ŀ¶ɫؿ㡭ʲôˡ
׷һЦ˹ȥڵϵ·һһľ˵ܹﲻؽţ˭ҵ㣬Ժٸ㡭
װľ裬ɶ
Ƭ̺˻صɶڻǳˣǵ˼˼Щ꣬һֱڷ
׷˵꣬վǿ巶˲֮¡
ɶָû˵һĻĻ巽ڴͷһһ£ײϣ˺ѷεʹ࣬ǣˣʱվڴ⣬һз˻

ʱһСͯ˽һ°ˣСͯվſڣİС㣬ʵ˭
ɶһ̧ͷ˵ȥ档ȻСͯȴȻվſڣһգһ˫ۣ׷
׷һЦ˹ȥִȡһǹ۽ø㡣
Сͯǹ۽̧ͷ˿ǰףɶ˵ͷСͯӹǹ˼ˣлл㣡
ţȥɡ
׷һЦָ˸ͷȥ󣬲ǰ˵⺢ӣǵꡭ˴㲻ټȥˣֵʱգȻ޿𣿡
Һ޲ýǧУ
Ȼ֮䣬ɶͻȻ˸ˣ֮УȫЩѹֵĳޣҵ룬ѷȻ÷ȥɱ
׷Լ׹ȷʵ̣̣ܲȴǶڿ巣Ƕһ޹ĺӣӴ߱

ɶһ¾ˮ޽ȥࣺҵĺӡô˲̣һ룬ֻˣ޶ֻ죬һôҲġ
׷ĬƬ̺󣬴ȶһЩˣżʵǳ̽أЩ꣬Ǵδ𣿡
硭
һᵽ̽ɶ˫ֽˮҡͷʵǣҲҲûˣҲټ˰ɡ
׷֪̽Ϊλɱƽ𣿡
⡭
ɶһ̧ͷͣҡͷҲšһֱţͰƽõѣŽɱƽһǿˣ
˴˫һ±ͨ죬еĳӿϣҧһɱ˰ƽȻ޻磬óȥ硭

׷ҡҡͷ˵ƽȷʵǳ̽ɱġ
ʲôɶ͵̧ͷʱ۲ţǲҡͷôᣬôᡭͰƽôҪãΪʲôҪɱƽܣܵġ


1531 ڷ
˺Ƭ̣ɶƶ˻һ׷ֻҪҵĳ̽ұܶ巵
˵ʲô
ɶһ£̧ͷʱʶ֪ǰ˾˭޶ֻ죬ô೤϶ڸУǰ˭ܶ巵
һ֪ʲôˣ
׷ڷ˭֪Ҳ޷
ɶŴԣ㶣ֵǹղſ˵ܹ巵ܹ֮Է޶ڣܹԵ꣬Ҳš
׷УҾѲ鵽ֻҵĳֻ̽Ҫҵ̽ұܶһΣκҲס
Ե棿
ɶһվƬ̣૵񡭡Ҳ֪֪ںδ걻һΪȥ
׷£ܹ뵣ˣа취

Ա֮ޱߣ֮УԹٲ˽ɱ֮ÿ춼ݣЩ֮ǲ˲֡
һΪçɽĵطиӥկկԼеְ˰ˣկַǷԣΧһµӣе̺ۣ֮У͸׺ݡ
կ˻ХţôˣҲǸկѪֵǣկ
կ
죬׷׶ľ룬ԭӣǼǰӥկկ˳ơӥצָһڵͷѪ
֮УֻӴЦһһ룬һֱȵҹȻŨҵľƣȴҲڲزˣ˫Ļں޺Ρ
˴ҹկӣ徲ˣ캮ѣӴؾ̳һһҡҡλԼķȥ
ȵ˷ʱ΢֮£ȴһӰԼϣӸһ¾ȫޣ˹ʲôˣ
ϵǵӰȴ˫һһָ̧һ͵سץ˹ȥ
Ȼ֪ǻþʲô֮ʱϵӰ˲ʧˣȻһɺ⴫
ǰڷçɽ£Ϊӥկկȣڶ꣬ӥկկΪӣ꣬ӥկկХɱ㣬̳կ֮λ
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ӶȻתȥǰƮˣڿˣȻһŮӡ
ǰŮӣǱˣȻ׷ˣ׷ˣ̽կÿɻȣ
㡭
Ѳõ֣ɫһ䣬ʱֻеЩϢյָȥ
׷һһ˹صЩ꣬Ƿ񳣳μƽˣӥկ
㡭㵽ʲôˣԣӸǻһ˫Ȳʹȥ
졭׷
׷׷
̽ɫɷֽˣ˼˼ͬǣЩ꾡ڷɶ飬֪һЩȻҲ֪ʲôط
׷˹ص̽뺦£Ҳģڵ飬Ҫһһʮ˵
һؿų̽Ϊ㣬ΨһܹĻᡣ
㣬㡭
ڴʱεѹ£գ̽йһ̱ϣ飬еֻʹ࣬һҲǵʹ࣬ںޣΡ
ã̧̽ͷǰ׷˵һˣ˽ԳУڳϵӵݣűʱѹˣҲܽ𣿡
׷϶ҲʲôݣΣ޶ûκˣܹ䱣סһὫЩˣ𡭡ϴĵطڡ
ãáԣ̽һ˵ڵķơ

û°ɣ
û£ء
棬̽ƽһ𣬷·ѵһ϶ˣȴѯʶԷΡ
ƽԲˣֻҿߣǻ쵰ҽ۸˼˼˵Σ
˵ЩʲôֻǸղ룬ȥǰ취˶࣬ӲĻǶģСпɽû˸
һѣʲô˲𡭡Ҹҵĺ
̽ͷĲƺȥ۽Ƿ޷޲ƽԭΪйƽԣ벻Ҳ˲ɹ֪ħźˡ
ƽüҵ˼ǣҲҸɽƾҶ˵ı£Ѳɣڻûһʦֿǣһ˲ŻɵڵĻᣬҲ󡣡
ҡ
ϳ̽꣬ȴֻǲмһߣҲƾԼȥǵÿˣձ˲ڽµζܺ𣿡
ƽҡҡͷûҵ˼ӣøĸģȥջԿġ
֪֪ˣˡ
̽ббһֵۣͷ˼˼˵ȶִ㣬Ȼҳȥ㣬ܵˣ֪û
Сӡ
ƽЦЦһȭϣ˹ȥ̽´նģӹжˣղſûں嶼ҳ
һССǳ֮£˽򶷸ǳֻ̬Ҫֵ̫أŪҲֻ۱ֻۣ˵޶ڣǵŵţҲ飿
ó̽û뵽ǣǴε鲢ûн˾Ѵ¸ϵһ磬ʦˣ³̽书ٸߣڵӵĶ֣
ҪˡǲҪˣ
ݵϣڵΧһţֽкãֻһò毺õŮӣҪȥֹȴƽţС˼ȥ
ΧŵĲݵм䣬ֻһӱһµڽ£ѪȻȻޱȵļӲ
ǱŵӣȻǳ̽ˣǶ˽λʦ֡
Сӣ㵨ӲСҰ֪˭ĵط𡭡
Ŀ׺ݣЩӶõ˲ʯϹʯʵҲǴչġ
СӣϸȥʦܵǸͷһ·
ӵĿ⣬ԽԽ׺ݣ̽ٺЦһȻޡһڣˮѪȥ
Сӣ
̧ϲ˲һ̽ʱһѪӿǻҲˣԭЦĶˣҲɫֳǾˡ
硭磡ǲҪˣҪ
˼˼治Ͽ޺ȻȴƽţƽʱҲͬɫɷףۺʱԺͳ̽ս¶Էٶࡣ
ȴһˣʦ֣ȥҲֻ·һҲˣ˭˼˼
ƽߡ
̽ѪӿɫҲʼڣ֧Ųסˣƽɫ԰ףԥǿ˼˼ȥ
ִˣֻȥҳϣԳ̽ӣ»ᱻһССڵӣڵӴҲʹˣϲԸǷǣὫڸǹȥڵĺڰñȳ̽͸
˭ߣ
ȻǺһ䣬һ죬һ缤ȥ顱һֱӽƽѪ˳ȥָһնס˼˼ĺһ½ץ˹
쵰ſ
Ǻǡղţ𣿡
¶Цһ̤̽ʱһѪӿ˳˼˼ŵûʧɫ硭硭
ʱҲԶ˹صʦ֡ҪȻ˰ɣ᳤Ҫˡ

Ӵ˿ȻѾֻ涡˳ͷˣŽµĳ̽ԳнһڵӶ㲻ջʦ֡
Ŀ⽥˾ֲ˼˼ϣһ˫Ŀ⣬ҲµţЦ£԰ɣӣǻû˫޹
ԳУʲôһ¡ҳ̽㣡
ɱң
ԳһЦһ̤ͺúÿţҪΡ
£һ˺˼˼·ԭȲʵĵӣʱѾסˣԭǻΪʦֻų̽ҪĵһʦõĻִˡ
쵰
̽˫ѣʹȻȴԳڽ£ã˼˼ҲŻˣֻ˫ؿڣֻ޲ܹȥ
𣿺ÿ𣿰˵ÿ𣿹Ȼѵһ˰
ԳſشЦţʱڴһ


1532 ʼ
ڳ˽Ըеһ󵨺ԳзӦһӰ˲Ϣžһ˳ȥ
һ̣˿壬ǵӰԼѣ˼˼ϣλʦãû°ɡ
˼˼һ£ûȥ˭̽ȥ硭磬˵硭
Գбղһƴˣϻģӡָӡʱڻع˭
ȻǸӵģʱʱŵûɢһ¹˵ϣ֪ǿʦ֣š
ԭӣǵĿ巣һڵ֪巵ʱڵԳʦֶŵùȥ˸ɫҪڵԳпеĿʦж
ԳУ˭ôĵӣڵġ
ɫ䣬һһ˹Գŵ֫Ͽͷʦ֣ҴˣҲ֪塭ʦΣҲˡ
£
ʱԶһֻһµİ׷߷˹ڵӼ׷ÿǻ̻̲䳤ϡ
ǰ׷䳤ϣ֪ǿ巣ȿǿ巺Ҳŵûһӣôˡ
巵ٲ޶ڣǲǱǵˣ
ԣ䳤ϸŵɫɷףּصĳ̽ڵԳУʱô£ȵˣʲô̽˵Ρ
һ˵ţһ߱Ҫȥ̽ϳ̽ȴһ½ƿȻһԲ˼˼ȥȫԼƣҲûȥ巣һллҲû˵
ʱһͷ˵ĹǣߵƽԣƽʱҲˣֻһƽƽţ˾뿪ˡ
Ժ己ǵĿɽ
棬˸׷ؿʵŵ̽˵£뵽һˣ顣
ǰȥҲ֪һЩ£̽ĳһЩ棬ȷʵЩ飬ߣ
̽һ˵ˣΪʦ֣Ҳ֪Ϊʲô϶ôԭ̫ϵԳˣֻҪָöԷ޶ʧ
˴̽Ȼ׹⣺ʱ巣ָҵʱΪİǵʦˣֱ֪ǿ˼˼Ϊ˼˼ʣѰ˺ܲһǴ֮壬˫ޣδ޳ɴ֮˫޵Ļɲ˺
Խ˵̽ĳ׹Խʢ˫ҲòԽԽͳȻ·ͳ޺𣺡죬ȥ˼˼պײޡ

ʦã˹֮ʱǷܸоѪάά֮ʱϰ
ʦ֣ô֪˹ȷʵܸовͺʲôסһġ
㿴
Ŷ
˼˼ԣ㽫˳ȥ۲Ƭ̣ȴǰϲѣȻǰѵһٵĴ֮壬˫ޣĹĹͻεϰˡ
Ƭ̺˼˼ַ˻ȥһ֮ɫʵǸʦãʦܣǷû˫޹

һʣ˼˼ϲһƬ۶ߵͷͷߵʦ֡ʦ˵ʲôѽ
⺬ģ巸ĶѣȻǴ֮˴֮壬»ֹ깦
ʵ̫ݣ޶ҪʦûУŲʦͶͱЩлοϣ˫ޣΪ˵װ˷ԪŮӣȥһۣ˵ŮҪҲǳ롣
һֵʦòغߣ˴ˣʦһǱʵʵ˵ǡ
⣬⡭
˼˼ߵͨ죬ڿ巷ѯ£˵˳˵˵ʲô֮壬ֲ̫ⷽȻ˵Ҫ޳ɴ֮󣬲˫ޣȻĻûд֮봿֮˵˺̫󡭡
ԭˡ
ЦЦȴ˴̽̽һ绨Ĵ֮㲻ģǱǽգұˡ
ֻʦȷʵû޴֮ȷʵ׶ʦ˺ȴֻ֪һ֪

˼˼һ̧ͷʵǡʲô
һֻ̣ɫ˵֮壬˫֮ʱ޴֮ȷʵʹܵ˺ǳʦȴ֪ڳˣһֱ˫ޣڵĴ֮һֱö֮ԽԽأʹ߻ħ

˼˼汻һʱĻˣ뵽ЩʱգԼ֮ʱϰ֮ԽԽˣѵ翵ʦ㣬Լ߻ħ
ǡô죿
ʦãȲš
룬˵ֻԡ̫ԣܷʦڻ۵ɢ
⡭
˼˼ԥһ£ʵǣҪô
Цʦֻڴǣ˹ʦڡ
⡭
˼˼Щԥʱɫⷿȴֻˣ˵񡭡Щˣ˼˼ʦˣңһýҿȰɣʱʵڲУҿʦ֡
巼н䱸Цʦòú£ܿͺã˵ˣҴ˴λȥ´ˣʱ򣬿ʦѾ߻ħˡ
⡭
˼˼ҧ촽ջѡԹ˴ϣ˫ֽŴΪš
Цʦ÷һЩؽţԺЩʹ֮Уܿͻȥֻ΢һ¼ɡ
š
˼˼ҧ촽Ҳ֪ʱ˵ʹָʲôƬ̣己㿪ʼڶԪһʼ˼˼ȷʵЩ֮У·ģЩֻ̣⿪
ʦʦ֣û𣿡
֪ΪΣʱ˼˼ԽԽеȣϺϼԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ١
ʦ𼱣ܿˡ
巵˫֣ʵֻʼ
ʦ֣ʲô
˫֮䱻˼˼һҪȻȴ֣ʱ徹ˡ
ʦã¡ֻҵԾ׼Ѩ֮С
⣬⡭ʦ֣ҪҪ˰ɣҸоѾûˣˣȻȥɡʦ֣㣬ʲô
˼˼ʧɫȴ붯Ҳˣֻòҡͷʦ֣ҪҪʦ֡
ֻЦǰֱˣʱ֣Ѿ쵽˼˼·棬˳ļһһȥ


1533 ڰ
ʦ֡ҪˣҪ˼˼û뵽巻˴󵨡
ʦ֡ס֣ͣ£ͣ°
ʮˣֵ껪δ£ͻ£ңҪȴҲʹϾССӣֻɿŪ
ʱͣ£ɨˡ
Цԭα¶ˣ˼˼׹⣬Ҳŵɫɷףʦ֣㣬Ҫʲô
ʲôҸղŲ˵Ҫ㻯ڻ۵Ĵ֮Щʹ̾͹ȥˡ
Ҫ
˼˼ҡͷȴȫȻˣ΢һ֪̽ǳЦȻȻǴ֮壬ãõúܡ

˼˼ʹи߷־֣ҡͷˣʦ֣Ҫ
Ȼʱ巿ȴ·һϹűһһһ㣬ȫ˺ȥˡ
֮壬Ȼ񡭡
Ŵʱ޴Ƶ˼˼֮У·ȼŻһ㣬ҲƿĿ⡣
˼˼ǾޣˮȴҲˣֻǲҡͷ־ؿ
ʦ÷ģʦһúϧġ
ҪҪʦ֣ˡҪ
ſԪһһ֮ʹ˼˼ȴƿħֻɶԷһһµظʹࡣ

ʱ棬̽ƽڳ̽һСˣЦŵûȥС˶˼˼һϲɣ
ƽЦϲĿɲСˡ
̽һ£ϲʲô㲻˵Ҿˡ
ƽЦϲģ͵Ķ
Сӡ
̽ؿϴһ£ǰһ˼˼ԺʱȻ֮
˼˼˼˼
Сһڵϣˤ÷飬̽͸ʱеһĻʱĿѣƷһȥ
ȻʱȻԴ󷢣嶥˫Ѫ죬߻ħһ㣬̽ȥɡ

ƽȴһ·Ӧ˹ڳ̽Ҫƴʱһ½䰴סˣоõѾԴ󷢣̽˳ȥܿ˼˼Ҳᱻ˵Ϊѱ䳤ϻ߳ࡣ
硭硭
˼˼ʹ࣬־壬ȥ֣ʱ巷ǵûͣ£ţԪ󶯣ƽⷿҲһ㡣
ſҡſңޡס֣ޣסְ
̽ƽһˣţ侲侲ΪǸߣȲС˼ֻᱻɱȥ
˼˼˼˼
硭ҡ硭
˼˼ˮ֣ҲȥϵʹҲѸоˡ
˼˼˼˼

Ҳ߻ħһ㣬ЦֹۿŴĳ֪̽˶ãҲˡյĺڰ

棬׷ţ̱̽ڵϣɫ԰ЦǲǺûãʱվڴ⣬˼˼ȴʲôҲˡ
׷ʱȥˣʱѾˣԿ巵ֶΣɱˣҪ׾٣´ȥ
̽һЦ㵱ʱȥ淢Ҳûã䳤ϸڣƾǡȥȥ뻹ᱻɱڡǸطĺڰ
׷˿ʵǺΪɱƽ
ƽ
ָ̽һһȫʹ֮ɫҲˮϣֻԲˣһ˼˼һǰƽµҲ
ʱٴλصǰ
·Щ죬̽սԼڷƣ˭Ҳ˼˼Ҳ·˻һհԼڷֻƽڶ֮أʲô
Źʮ죬ʮ죬̽ѾǴǰǸ̽ˣ˼æߣ·˹һ
Գʦܵʡλޡ
ʱһ̽˫һҲ룬͵תָһ㳯˺ץȥȻȴһ˳ȥ

̽ͻȻƷһϹ巣ɾΪֻ봵
飡һ£ֱ̽ӱ߷˳ȥһԵˮ
ǺǺǣǺǺǡ巣ɱҵģ
̽ЦձԳвڽ£ʱֻǺֻܱҧԷһֻ䣬Ըȥ
ɱ㣿
ЦЦȡһöʣԶ֮ϣʱգܳɴţСС壬ίʵϧˣܹȥ߽ķӴƽƣʶ磬ҲܹԶ壬ܶСòС裬޳ͷ֮ա
̽Цǰʼϣ̤ڽ£Ȼкá
ϣҲз֮գͿݡ
һ˹һ˵ʦãһڳţ壬ֻһȥڵھҵ
̽ŵ㣬ݺݵ˵Щ

巵øǸҾЩϧ̫ˣûĺݣ£䡭
̽ЦҪڵңӴԺ£
巿Ǵˣֻһ飬ȴֹһ˿֪ôɱҲ£Ӱ쵽ҡ
ƨ
̽ȻȴһŲ˵ϣãձԳвڽһ
巿ԳУҲ˲ţѡˣٸҡ˵գö㣬ԣԶȥ

ϺȻ֣̽ˮϵЦݣҲ·ĺƣӳЩˡ

׷ǸʱΪܹȥڣɱΨһĺѣƽ
̽ڵϣȻһЦʱΪֻҪȥڣұܹϱøǿһգܹ𡭡

ΪʲôΪʲôƽ̽סʱҲˡ
̽ܲЦƽ˵ûһֱҶˣûö࣬ΪֻҪԼƴŬһգܹͷأܹȥʵȴǣСݽ棬Ҳ֪Ҳ⣬ǡҲʣһҪ𡭡Ҫ˼˼𡭡
㡭㲻ǿ巵Ķ֣ĺǸǧҪҪġûУǧҪ
һ̣ƽڵģĳ̽˼򵥣ƭˡ
ƽԲ𡭡Ҫ𡭡Ҫȥڡҳ̽Ƿһٻ


1534 ̷

ƽʬԱߵĳ̽·˻һֿЦʱһĻȴһͷ붡һʦܣһĻ˶Ѿɵˡ
˭
̽ͻȻһͷĶˣһ󼲷磬˲˹ȥ˵ʱŵûɢͷܣƽҲǳ̽Ķ֣οʱ̽ɱˣѷˣ

˼ŵĵѣδо֮ʱԳг·첻µزһҲû̽ƽգԷɱƽһһ׷ɱܲ£
ߣɱҲɱˣҲ⣬ٶɱȥɣ
̽ϴµЦݣȻɱĴָҪ˺ץȥʱȻӭһ顱һһƽ˳ȥ

˿֮󣬷·һץס˾ݣʦ־̽ˣҸղſɱƽ
̽ɱˡ̽ɱˣɱƽ̽ɱƽ
ܿ죬ĵӶ˹䳤ϵҲˣ̽ΧסҲȥˡ
巡
̽ͨ죬ݺݿվڲԶĿ巣һ̣ôˡ
ҲŹ㡭巣

̽ɱͬʦƽŹ棬ϳΪṣ̌


巣巡

գ̽ϣʮ͸ǶȫҲ޷Щ꣬ǿһЩڹӣǿ书ҲѲǰˣÿ֮죬ȫҲʹޱȡ
ʱ˵ȫ飬׷ĬȻǰƲ⣬޼
ô֪ģ
̧̽ͷ۵ĲɣҲǴǰǸˣʱμʱڣɽͷϣϦ£˵Աߣڷž̳˵Ž
׷ҪҵˣûҲġ
ǡǿأ
һΣûܹס

պ޶̳֮ϣֱӼһ沼˷ĵϣ»ụ̂Ѿȥ˰޶ڵĵӣûһµġ
λ̷Ҳû뵽׷ֱǼûٴȥ׹巣Ѿ׼ˣѵѾ֤ɽ𣿻ǴǿִУ
Ѿǰմگ˳ȴһʯ죬ûκ̽Ҳȥû˻ӦҲ֪淢˺£֮ǻ̻̲ա
һգʯнŲ𣬿ץסĻһæܵſڣʯϣϸǽŲŲ߽ʱСڣǡϺ𣿡

ʱһ̾ϢȻǺγϣæϺΣҳȥҿҪˡϺΣ˵ϺΣϺΣ
已ĴʯţʯһУʱ˶Ʒˣһܷ⻷ʱδ֪Ŀ־壬گ϶١
¡¡һʯڻˣ巸ȥȴžһ죬ʱĽ˻ȥ
ϺΡ죬ҪȥҪүүҳȥһҲܷʯˣֻҵүү
ֻγ˫ü΢߿˿ʱˣʯĽƴˣӣɡ
ȵȡ
巿̷µˣԣγϿȥϺΣҪȥģ
ӣ߰ɡ
γ̾ʱҲˣ̷֮µˣֱѺſ巣ȥ
ȵȡҪȥģȵȣ
ɫ䣬Ȼȴֻ֮γϿȥʵϺΣҪȥ
ڣһܲ󳳴֣ڵҶѺͿӣȥ̳ѵȥͻŪ𣿡
ȥ̳ȵȣʲô˼ΪʲôҪȥ̳ϺΡϺΣô£ô£һû󣬲Ӧȥ׹Ϊʲôȥ̳ϺΣ
Ͼ״˫ĿԲźγϣһĥѾȫ˸ˡ
ԱһЦʲôֱȥ̳ʡ鷳ˡ
ʲô˼ʲô˼
ŭſңſңǴ󵨣үү̫ϣ˭Ҷһ£
ǺǡӣȰ㻹ʡɣ̳Ųһ·Ҫأҿʴ·Ҳѱȫˡ
ʲô˼ݺ𣿰
־ŭ漴γϿȥϺΣүүأҪ
ֻγϵͷ̫̾˿̡Ӧ̳
ʲô˵ʲô
һ̣үүҲֻ̳еһת·վҲվˡ

޶̳˷̨֮ϣһɸߵĺɫΪֲ˴ʱԵͷȥ
̷̨·վһˣжʮԳС˵ȵӣʮλϣ䳤ϣշ³ϣУڵĲٳϣڡڡڣڽС
ȻЩˣҪôǹȥӿ巣濵ȥ֮ˣҪôͬˣˣα˳˳
ʱ̷̨һ̨ϣ塢ط峤ϡ볤ϣλ̫Σɽ
ƽλ̫ϸִڣټľһ𣬱Ͼεֵ̫ˣ鲻֪һ龹ô߲
һߣ׷վ˫ǰһ˿δڸ̨ϣǹϸȴλ̫ϸ˾ִٲû˸Ҳġ
طŲٳϣ̳棬Χ˵ӣռ޶ˣ̳
ſңſң˽֮ʱȻȴǿ己Ѻˡ
үүңүү
̨ϵүү巷·ץסľһȻһ֮ɫȥ˭¡
գ已ΣֻñѺȥ̷̨ϣǸɸߵĺɫʱŵ˫һټˡ
ӣ߰ɡ
֮ѺǱȥˣ̷̨£ԳЩˣԼǰЩϣ巸ŵɫɷףôʲôϺΡϺΣô£
ֻγϵͷ˿ҲԹ̷̨ȥؼϺҲȥ̷̨ˣ巸ŵüȥϺ㡭ȥʲô
ӣվˣԣ𶯡
֮˽Ѻ̷̨£ɿϵһ⿪己ȥȻԶȻ֮ˣ̾ߣӲŵվ˻ȥҲͼܡ


1535 
ǡʲô
գԶ׷ȥŭѵͿΪղδ㶨ҵȨ̣
׷˫ǰӣʱգ㿴ЩǶˣ㻹ҪӲЩ그˶£Լ³ɣܹܼ͸Ƕ
ƨ
ϿͷһЦָңǿмЩͷϣЩˣΪԶҵ붼룡ûЩ£Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ӣǲײĲˡ
׷һ˵ţһ̷̨˹巻һŵòȥ㡭ʲôҾ㣬Ҫﲻ죬㲻ܶˣ˰
ȻʱֻԳͨһȥ׷ɱϢŵûҲҳˡҳˣЩ꣬ҺΪʱȥչʦǵʯ۸ʦǡңʮӣҲ
ҡҲˡ
ҲŵæȥЩ֮£ȫ˳
һй˺´ᱻ͸֮࣬Ҳ׷׹£Լ֮£ͨͨ˳ЩȻ²£ﲻ͸̣֮ԶԶЩ֮ء
ǣǡ
巿Ⱥˣһָȥŭث֣ȫث֣ʲôʲôث֣ȫث֣ûõķʲô
ȻЩ˹ڵϣֹȴûһ̧ͷģ׷Ƕ̹ˣȥ͸ֻ̣֮ʣһˡҪӲ𣿡

תɢ̬񣺡ɱҰĳξ壿Ҳ㣡׷ǧɱ飬ҵҪ׷ж

ֻ̬񣬷·һͷǰݺݶ׷ɱңҿɽ޶ô꣬Ϊؽɽȴɱ޶ڵˣְˣɱҰһ㲻ң
׷ӣҪҶ㶯׷
׷ǿ̽Ԫ䣿
Ͽ󣬸Ŀ¶׹⣺ҪΪҲ֪ɷȨ̽ҵԪ񣬹û֤֤ƾЩˣ𣿡
˵ָָЩˣͷЦô˵ô˵ⲻ֤ݣһٸҲҵ
˶巴ʱ˵ȷʵżֵǿ̽Ԫ񣬴˺ԪΣŹ涨Ƿͨбѵ򲻵öԪ̽
Ȼ֮£ԶԶûͨбǸ̶ȣ˱ԸԪ̽죬׷Ҳ
ڳЩϣȻ඼ˣɱϾҲֻһ֮ʣûֻ֤ܽ巼ֱҵ֤ΪֹǹһӶԣֻҪһûҵ֤Ǿһ޷̡
׷ǿӣҪʧˣôˣǰȼһλ˰ɡ
ʲô˼
һ䣬һɲǣƺڲЩԣʱ̳棬Ȼһͳ
̽Ԫ񣬵̽ҵԪ񰡣ֲˣ˵ˣһˣ֮ǰ㿵һ»ȪҲˡ
˭˭˭˵
巾ֵţڣȺߣֻ̳ߵģշмǸˣźɫۣòϵǵ̣ȴԣǳ̽
ˡ˭
˶вٳҲ̽ȥΨ䳤ϵЩӡ󣬴ʱ̽¶ۺ䳤ϺͶ˵ˣһȻ
꣬̽ı仯̫ˣֻһСС꣬Ĳɣǹ׺ݣ䳤ϵҲţ˻ǵĳ̽š
㡭㡭
̽ͻȻ֣巸ɫҰֽ̽һЦôʦϲʦô
ܡܣ
已ҡͷ㲻ǳ̽㲻ܻţѾˣ㲻ܻš
̽Ц˵ʮǸֻѣôӻ֪ôɱ֣Ҳδ̫רҵ˰ɡ
㡭㣡
ɫҰף׷ȥҸٰ̽ңûܣҸ㣬ûܣֻҪҲϣԶҲ붨ҵ
ǲײĲᡣ
׷Ѿȥˣ̽ǰһߣɭɭνˣҲգҲգճĳȻˣûŻȥˡ
˵գת޶λϿȥɭɭҿɲˣ˭̽Ԫ䣿
㡭
巶ʱֻеһϣ̳û˵λ̷ϣסˡ
һ㣡
̽ȻһȣǺ͵һʱЩڸ̨ϵĳһָȥһǷ֤ݾӵԪӶ£ʲô
˻δ˲ģ˿̱϶һ亹
ֻ̨̽ϵλ̫ϿȥĿ˿ϣЦǿǸүүɣãɣվ˿궼Щʲô˵¡
һ±ޱȽţ˽֤ݾˣѵ
ľ֪Ӳˣһ˲䣬עڳ̽ϣȻһ³ȥҡ˭Ҳɱң
ȻҪЮһ뿪޶ڣһ̫죬˵עڳ̽ϣǺȷӦʱҪֹȴѾˡ

ȻڿֻʱȴͻȻһҽУһ˰УͬʱѪɽϣһɫᴩˡ
ٿ׷һɫɳֱֱ͸˿巣ɫ·ܹ죬Զľ룬Ҳ޷ķǧɱ׷ǧɱ飬ĪС

巷һҽУһ±㱻ǧɱ˻ȥû˿̨֮֮ϣ׷ˣǱɫһվֵʹ飡


1536 ͸֮
ʹ飡
ȻλվֳգҲһ±ýޱȣ˿ſ巴ʱģеһ󵨺׷ʹȻЦ飬ûܹġǧɱ֮ѡ
׷ʱȴûЦݣһ죬ֻһеġǧɱһͣʱ㽫巶档

һҾ˻̷̨洫߽Ըеһɺֻ棬ģʹ࣬ȴԽԽ£ϷĲҽУ׷׷ڵģڵġ
µص̳˽ԸеһëȻԳеˣŵɫڵϣͷҲ̧һ£ڴǰЩϣʱҲ㷲
׷ڵġһڵģ
ֲľζگ£ڳļλ̷ϣʱеֵѾжûйˡ
׷䣬Ȼ˾ڣ
˾ڡ
ʱҴһλµĳϣ˾׷Ŀ⣬ڿϣ˷µУŹ棬Ӧδá
ԣ˾ɫ΢΢һףͷŹ棬Ӧһٰʮ͸ǶȻ󡭡ţٻ
һ棬巵ʱɫҲСһٰʮ͸Ƕֻ̻δ꣬˱Ѿܲסɢˡ
ԳкͶ˵һһٰʮ͸Ƕŵɫɷף̽ɱˣܲʮ͸Ƕҵʱ̽ܵ͸ǶΪ͸Ƕʵ̷ͨõĸֶĿǷȥΪѣڸû͸Ƕ
ʱҪܵģȻ͸Ƕˣÿһ͸Ƕ̷µĽƣԪҲ޷˺ǵȻᣬѵҲҪ͸Ƕ֮𣿱˵һٰʮ͸ǶǶʮҲû
֮˵ɫλϣҲɫһٰʮ͸Ƕֻ¿巳ܲǻɢ³
ԭﲻɢЩмһһٰʮ͸ǶһҲ٣ֻܷܿԼ컯ˡ
׷ɫ䵭ص̡
֣һΧ˽Ϣˣճ䶨̫ϵҲûˡ
ȵȡȵȣ
֮ɫһֻ̨̣ϵүүȥүүҡ֪ˣҲˡ֪ˡ
ȻǱ۾һ̡
үү巶ʱ׹ȵף·ǻϣҲˡ
˾Ҳԥһ˲⼸λ̷ϸһһɫ͸Ƕһɿֲʱ̳˲е
ݣ
һö͸Ƕ巴ȥ͡һѨϣʱһҾ徵Ľ
Ȼʹ࣬˾ͼλ̷ϣҲͣˣڶö͸Ƕּ˹ȥ



һҾ徵ĿֲХ·޺һ㣬ڳˣ޲еͷƤ顣
ҽ֮£˶еëȻֳȴֻг̽ǴЦֹΪ֮꣬ʱ己̷̨¿š
巣Ҳнհ
̽ͷЦֹ뿵ҽн֯һͷƤ飬ľ
˼˼ˡˣ㿴˼˼
̽Цͨ죬Զ䳤ϵ˽Ըеԭɱƽһ£˵һͬ壬޼䣬ȴÿ巡ʵԩ
磬˵ҪûɵĻأ
šҪûɵĻǾȥ߸ӣȥ㣬֯
ѽǵʱƽɩӣסǸڡ
ʱ򡭡

̳棬ȥһٰʮ͸ǶȻڣͨһ̷̨
صѪĿģԳе˽ŵĵѣǰӿЩϣʱҲҹȥ
̳ʮְֻпڵϻɳɳ˽Կ
̽һһ˹ȥȻһŲϣЦ巣ûнաˣֻ˴޾ʹ࣬ȥɣ
䣬һŽĿ˳ȥ˳̨̳׹ȥѪ˵ľ
¡¡
ϺƴХ巻һڣȥʱҪж𡭡һᡭ𡭡
ˣˣš
˾Ըټȥһӣȥ巴ţȥűǴȥⶪĳɽҰ룬𣬱Ұ޳ԵҲãҲգ޶κ˽Բȥ
̳ߣʮְ巴ˣЩӵĳϣԳЩΪ֮ˡ
׷ʹ
巸ղ³Գе˽Թڵϲģ̫϶ס巣кܹסأ
׷˾ȥ޶Ź棬ЩˣӦδã
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һ̣Գе˷⣬ܵʹڴ±ˣٲ͸̡֮
׷̰ɡ
˾ʮӣԳеˣշµأֱԶʮ޵ٱ޲ȣ̱ͬŽƣܲסҲᱻ
ֳһƬҽУ̱Ϲ󣬽޶ڵЩˣڵĳϣҲеڵĳϣڵĳϡ
׷Щ˿һۣհӿ巣֮ˣһжȥְ֮گ
һڳϵͷԴ˲飬ֻǰأеıй£е򳤴ʮꡣ
׷ת̨ϵĿ忴ȥ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ˿ϣ˵巷ʱڱչأԺ󣬲ûгͽ俵巣Ҳͬ˰Ӧܷ
ĳԸжȥһְ
ֻ壬һ̨˽źҲвǰϡ
೤ϵӶת׷濵飺׷ʹ϶ʱڱչأ֪巴С
ϵ֮ԽԽ󣬿ӿڣȴġ
ʱ˾׷߽Щѹ׷ʹҲ֪Ʋȣڳؾչأ֪ʱʱжȥ̫һְˣֻõ϶ɳˣ޶СһӰ쵽졭
˽׷˹ֳգ쳣£˶Ϣֻ׷ʹܹһ棬Ͼڲס
Ȼȴ׷̬Ȼʮּһ˿أ壬گ


1537 ؾ
壬گ
һԣλϺ͵Ӹһû뵽ȻҪϴگȻ׷顭
׷ʹ
˾ɫҲЩ԰ף˵ʲôȴһ⿪ԼĳϷϾһ˿ɫ

գ˾̾òһᣬˣ塭گ
ԣڳ˽һ̫϶ⲻ֮
һ̣˶׷ʹȥֻɣ˶˸ô
ã̳ϲ˾׷ǰСʵʹҪΣ
׷ʹΧ˿ֿ˿̨Ųĳط峤Ϻ볤ϣһǵ̫ϣһ̫ϣȻںҲзµı˳ε飬޹ء
׷˾ʵѦ޹ڣ
⡭
˾룬صλǰ޶ؾչδ
ߣ
׷꣬һ䣬˵޶ڳôӣ𣿻˵£ɲ
⡭
Ŵԣ˾¶Ϊѣ⼸λڵĳϣҲֳΪ֮ɫһ˵ʹҲ֪һ££Ҳ˵ֻδͻأ޷ء
׷˵˿ȥȥ޶ؾҵҪѦ޹ʲô
⡭
ԣλϽ΢΢һ֮ʱܲôţҪؾһ
ô
׷ǼλϿȥ˹ȥҲԽԽŵǼ˾ͷҿ
ѵлʲôè壿Ѧ޹ǰؾչأһ£ǰѷĪҲ˴ˣ
׷˿̵Ļŵڳٳһοһ£೤ϣҲǣȥǿ¾ͲǴگôˣ޶ڣ졣
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ʱվ˳ͷ֣˵׷ʹ죬ȥЩ꣬һֱ㡾ְأһ֮©֮Ϸ֤죬޶ģ
ô
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⡭
ȻִҪȥؾһڳʵò⣬ֻ̨棬طλ̫Ͽȥ
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ôҲܽ룿˵Ѧ޹㣬Ͳ޶ڡ
һɲǣձ쳣ı̣׷ʹǴ粽õ̬ȣǳطλ̫ϣҲòòϵӣľˡ
볤ϵȻˣ˾㽫˴鴦Ϻ󣬱׷ʹǰȥ޶ɽؾɡ
ǡ
˾ԥһյ˵ͷ漴׷һƣ׷ʹƲ׹ҽ˴鴦Ͼ
Ƭ̺׷ص׹ˣҲҶԣһֱĺɫʱ˾⼸λϷŻ
׷ʹúˡϣ׷˹֡
š׷΢΢ףʵΣ鶼ô
˾¶ˣʣһЩɵȥǡʹȥ޶ɽؾ𣿡
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Ժؾ򿪣űǡ׷˵
ǡ
˾˲ΥԸˣСؾ󷨣⾪λ
ԼʱؾŴ򿪣׷ǰ̽ȥؾ֮в󷨽磬ʶ޷һС
׷ؾһһصĶѨ֮УǶѨּһİĹŵŵ沼н󷨣Ѱ֮ˣԿ
Ѧڵ棿
׷ǰŻŲ䱸ҹӰıܸȥаյĵطҲκһ˿⡣
Ƭ̣ڴһڴǡ죬׷ʹ
ǡ
׷䱸ţ֮ǰмѦ޹㣬ϵóѦ޹㱾ˣֻ겻Էȥɣ࣬ǴǰǸһ֮ˡ
ڡڡڵλϣҲ棿
׷֮ʱŵĽƣɢȥˣĹ΢һЩԼܹŵʯ̨ϣŵĵӰ
׷ʹˡ˴ˣɡһϵ˵ģȴڳϡ
׷һŲʮִֻؾȻ뷨ʱˣȥ·ڵԼһ
£СŵЩ谵ҲЩʪطѾ̦޺Լеˮ
ԣˡ
һɲǣ׷ȻʶʲôԣȻȴ¡һŵһʯţһ½رˡ


1538 
׷ʹؽţˣ޶⡣
ʱ˶ӹŵʯ̨˵ģȷʵûж⡣
׷δκһ˿裬޶ڣûô򵥣Ѿ˿ţĹѦ޹㣬ʱȻ֣˵ѦѾ֪濵һˡ
ԣѦ޹˶һۣƬ̺Żعͷؿһ£׷ʹѾˡ
׷΢΢һ˵ԭ֪һ¡

ԣѦ޹̲סһ̾˵Щ꣬Ѧĳϣڣ˻֮£ҲϺ죬𡭡
˴οһ£ȷʵЩӰ죬Ҳ󣬱ϾЩȺħ֮ףССӰ죬ԺԲƣʱһãȻҲˡ
޶ܹ֮չѸͣȻٲ죬˵շ¸ţ˵ǵ¸Ϊɽ
û죬޶ڣһССŶѣħм䣬ʱû챱޶ܷչ
ʹ󿪣Ҳ˵ԪŵκεطģҲвٵطѷЩСطߣǵܹ뻯֮ˣڵǳǿһĴڣʥǶԣԶ޷Ĵ˵
ҲѵԪ澳ĵطҲȥ˾⣬һ
±һٶţû죬ܹõ˳û˳ȻССɣȻЩѷ֮صһ
ȻѦ޹Щ죬ǻžη֮ģб뷨
ʱ׷ǰˣصѦȻ֪һ£ΪЩ꣬ȴҪװ֪Ϊ
⡭
ڡڡλ϶һۣڳϿڵ֮ԻԿ巷βܣһԭҪ׷ʹ
Ŷ
׷һǰĲ²⣬ԽԽӽˣʱѦ޹㿪ڵ˴׷ʹѵֻΪһ£
׷οһ£ֵǷ꣬˽֪ϲ£ȻѦʱԣΪ⣿
⡭
˱˴˶Ӳ׷վǰҲȻĲ²ѾȻ⣬׶κ̹ԣ޶ڵʵĿġ
Ҳգ
Ѧ޹㳤̧̾ͷǰ׷ʹ˵Ҫ˵飬ʹҪ֤ڻص֮ǰκ֪ңԻ֮ǡ
׷һȻǰ˵ˣҲ֪ˣʱڳִϵ
һ˵ţһǰ׷أ˵ʹдߣ
׷ԣԼȡ˳ֻԿš׷֣֮влʶ١
ڳСӹϸ֮󣬷Ź˻ȥ׷ʹ֣ҲֻСĶѡ
СȻǺá׷ջأֿѦ޹㣺Ѧղš˵ʲô

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в֮ƣԭҹȻưô꣬϶ʮֺ޶ɽ̼Ϊ긲ǡ
ʱһصԼɼվӰʱƳҹ磬˵ģӳЩɭȻ¡
˲Ǳˣȴǵڵĳط峤ϣڵ볤ϣ׷ϣ˵˴˿Ӧǻ˵ںڲŶԣҹȴڴᣬδЩ֡
ƽɷǵĸ֮ò볤һ򲻹ЦҲͬʱ˵ϣȴյκһ˿еֻ˵
ʱ볤俪ˣط峤ϣ㿴׷᲻ѾʲôΪ鿵һ£ҿûô򵥡
ط峤ϵˣʱ䣬һֱй۲ģȷʵֻпһ£˱ʲô򶨡
볤ϵܸоգִҪȥؾЩ⣬˵ǰѦ޹ͻȻؾչҿҲЩѰ
ԣط峤ȥ̫࣬Ѧ޹ǼؾչأǶԣΣ׷ǽͷ󻼣϶Ҫԣ׷گ˵ӴԺ޶ڣ˭ˣ
ţ⵹ǲ١
볤΢΢ף˵˿ŮȷʵǰһæؾȻڿϹԹó𣿡
ط峤һЦԽɭȻˣɭɭ϶һΪȴֻ˳ܣţ˶ԴҲگ˵ǰһҲ˵һΣ׷һæ
˴ͣͣ꣬ɭɭ졭һδɵСӶѣ޷иʦû˸Ҷ
󣬳ط峤ת볤ϣһɲǣøɭˣֻҪλ顭
¡¡
˵ɫӳɭȻ£һ볤ϲɭɭ׷ô죿
ô
ط峤һݣȥֻϵ˵ҹ߲ˡ


1539 ն
ԽԽӴƮ˽볤ϵҲԽԽ䣺֪ʲôǾһŻص죬޶ڵĵؽ磬ضĻɡ
ô򵥡
ط峤Ŵ⣬Ȼ㻹ǵˮƵ𣿡
Ǹħ
볤һ˼ƺʲôˣ˵ǴңһΪȴ£רɱźˡȴһƮ

ط峤ϵԽԽˣصɱҲڽ֣ٶǰǴħ֮ңħһ͵͵ȥ࣬ɱˣ໹漰ʱϻȥȥһ֮֡ŶʱѾħѵȫˡ
ٶǰħиµˮƵˣȻɣʱħ棬ҲҪԴ˼ɵ֡
һ޵֮ˣȴħ£ħħѣÿÿֶ֮ݣأ಻κκ˸ȡһħĳƺţħĴɵѣȥǡ
ٶǰǴħ֮λϳȥԸĴħˣȴ͵͵ȥ֪࣬ΣƿɽĽ󷨡
һʵռ˸վһ£ңձչؾǷħѾɽȫȻ֪ûλϣƾĳϣǴ˷ħĶ֣
Ǵ໹㵽Σ˻ȥ˸ϻʱ޶˶ʧȥãǷħѾ˲ˡ
ʱ໹漱æϻ࣬ѾĲᣬ֣ħʤҲ󣬳۶ӡ⿪ɵʱ۶ӡ⿪ģ
໹ȻʩƣǷħལȥлʩչʮָشصһָҲֻǽش޷ɱˡ
һָ´Ǵңʧ꣬ʧٶ󣬴״γǰʮǰȥɽҺ̶֮ǴΡ
һΣħͻȻ֣һƴͷȥˣЩħÿÿˣҲضǳ飬ǽЩ꣬ȥ棬һˣô֪ݣôļʺܵ͡
ȻЩ飬ط峤Ҳ˽˿̣볤һòŵԭóȥĴ㡭
ǳط峤Ϻ볤Ĳͬ볤ϵֻǿʼ׷ȷ׷Żɱġ
ط峤ȴϲأûл׷Ϊȷһʧ׷޶һѾɱģҲɱһǧŹһ
¡¡
ԽԽ볤ϵ׷ħȷʵѻɵͷħһٲҲǣɱ׷һҪ쿴һ˿
ط峤ɭɭһЦ֮ͣ׷Ϊȷһʧض˳ſ巵ϢȥûУ己ǧĹ룬ѾǰǷħȥ븽ˣǺǡ
֮󣬾볤ҲеһȻǳط峤ϣΣԼôĶ֪ˣֻǲ֪Ƚ᲻гһգط峤ҲͬķԸҡ
ط峤˿Ц볤ϣ̫ࡣ

޶ɽؾ
ʱ׷Ѧ޹λԣκβ죬ʵ绳ɹط⣬ǿ壬һʼûоÿ⡣
⣬;ԲݿЩ飬ǻطȴ̫СˣСĵ޷죬ԽˣȴԽǱ¶Լ⡣
Ѧ޹̾꣬λϱǷ˳ط⣬ʲʱԱչ֮ƣӣ棬ҺλϣضΪ˵ĿܣΪ̫ߣ޶ڣΨпʵǿ⡭
׷΢Ѧ޹λϣȷʵֻˣܱȫԵʱ˼ĴѶ죬Ҳ첻ֻʶδ㱻ضˣɱ֮Ҫܣ˵ߣѲ޶ڣ˻û߳ʮ㱻ɱˡ
һڳ˫΢΢һʵ˵һΣ׷ʹδÿ巵ģ
£׷㽫һ˵ˣ֮˽΢΢һ׷گ˸Ǿ¡һѾ˵£û˿вҲ˼ˡ
׷گ˵ľ죬λΪڻվڴ˴˵𣿡
ʹ㡭ԭ֪
ʱ˲ŻȻȻǶ΢׷Ϊ鿵巣ʵȴǰطˡ
׷ʵִҪؾҲգֻ¶Ѿ˵ľˡ
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⡭
룬ڳ˵ǲڡҲѶ϶ܹʹط˱ѵģǾ;򵥣޼ĻطˣҲա
׷һǲطˣһǼˡڡڡڡؾʱ޶ɽȫ󷨣ʹ챱ȫй©ȥԣһ޴ĳҵʱǿпɱͻ裬ԣ⽫һ޴в
޶ɽ󷨣֮缫临ӣҪͨκһԲɣҪ׼ȷҵЩڣҪؾؾؾһȱһɡ
ؾڳط峤ؾ볤ؾڿ
Ѧ޹ֻҪòؾ˾ûа취󷨣ڵģ֮󡭡ֻ¿ҲҪ䣬ԡ
˵˴ͣһżһҪø׷ʹʹذѴ
׷һʵѦ޹ʹתȥҽȡʹ
׷ҲʣתȥѦ޹㿴λһۣͷλϣɡ
һ˵ţһ߻⿪Լϵ·ڳ˫ü壬ȡһذף˵סˡ
š
Ѧ޹㽫һգڳҲԣذףʿţʱѪֹ
ͨͨ
ŵ棬ܹѦ޹΢΢ɫԱں͵ڳϿţҲк䣬һѦ޹ֹסѪ
ڳѾʿѦ޹ţܹǿֹ࣬ذ׶׼Ѧ޹࣬˽ȥ

ס
ڳСпѦ޹࣬棬ȻһöССĺɫ


1540 
׷춯ҲüһѦ޹׷ʹ
ԣ׷תȥǰѪһĻҲ΢΢һּڳѪһöѪǺѦ޹棿
Ѧ޹ɫɷף˵Ϊ޶棬κ˶ÿӣִ޶ɽ󷨱任ɽλһʱ˼ؾҵȫڡֻҪǴ֮ǰԴı󷨣ֹй©ȥ
˴Ѧ޹ɫøӲҰˣ˵طһֱʹ򲻿ôˡ⣬һı޶ɽ󷨣ʱɽң޶ɽܻᱻ٣޶Ҳһ˲ҷ𡭡ʱξȫƾϡ
ڳ׷һﲻȾѪ˳ȥ
׷ӹлȵü΢Ҫ֮ֲѦ޹㾹棬طˣͷҲ벻Ѧ޹㽫ںδɣ
Ѧ޹ɫɷףϢصʹһҪ죬ʱҵ޶ɽ󷨣Ψдſֹǡ
أ
׷˿ֿ˿λϣ˵չ˱ػɣϸմһ£ڿϾ
ʹصġ
Ѧ޹ҡҡͷ˵ұϾһֻ֮Ҫؾ棬˱ʱҰ׷ʹһȥҪСġ
֪ˣҲصģҶὫ졣׷һ˵ţһ֮ؽöɫ

Ȼ׷ȥʱѾ˴ҹ˾˻ţʱؾǰȥ׷ʹˡ
š
׷΢΢ͷܿ˿̲ͣЪ˵׹ͣٻ츴
ǣ׷ʹ롣
˾ְ˸֣ҹ׷ţմؾҹĻɣԼǲںҹ޾κˣֻǵؾ棬Ѧ޹˻Σա
ص׹׷˾ˣֻһЩ޶ڵľڣطѱ䣬żȻԷʲôˡ

ڶգ磬׷Ҳ뿪޶ڣȥʱȴ뵽տģ飬Ǿͻںޣ۵ĳСƺЩ̫ѰΪȷһʧȥϺá
ɽ࣬£տϵѪ֮ѱˢɾ׷ܼ֮ʱ΢΢һ̽ҵտ己ߵĺۼ
˳Ǻۼ׷ǧ֮⣬һΪĵطɽ֮Уľ谵ղʮ֮ء
׷ִȥٵطʱһɭ֮أҲеЩ
Լһһɽϣ˴ﻹһЩǳǳѪΧҲĺۼϢ˴˴ʧˣΧûκνӡҲûκϢ
׷ϲһ˿ɫȥϸ쿴տ˵ôأԼ뿪˭Ὣߣ϶ǿɵˡ
һɲǣȻ棬һЩϸСЩǡ

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ԹԽԽأ뱾أڴ˵أһԹ𣬱ؽʮֿµʬȡ
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صԹصǺǡ
֪˶ãͣˣڰ֮УһӰӰ·ƾն֣ȫһ֮£òҲʮֿն
ֻƮʬԣɭɭһЦһ֣һ±ʧˣ·ƾʧһδκһϢ

˿̣׷ڵһȥʱȻ֮䣬ȴӦһϢٿȻ
˭
ҹӰıܣʹһ˲ԾȥҲͬʱһɱ˲Ϣ
飡
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1541 ħ
ڣһӰˣȴɢһѪ£׷˵òǧɱһ˲乥˹ȥ
ٺ١
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⡭
׷ɫ΢΢һ䣬͹˴˵ʵҸղһ̽쿵µĺۼ򲻻öԷôˣŲ
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ʶΪߣһܿ⣬׷ϣջǧɱһɲǻӰԶȥˡ
ߣٺ٣Ҫ׽סҩˡ˲׷ȥٶ֮죬׷֮¡
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ٺ١
ת˲֮䣬Ѿ׷һ̧һѪɫӡ˲׷ԪˣһɲǶܿ¡һֻղ֮ʱΪ̳֡
Ӳˡ
Ӱ˲һ죬ָƻһ㣬͵س׷ץȥһɲǣ׷еǧɱȻȥ͡һȴ⣬ǧɱĵһ°ˣʱѪ졣

һֲŭ𣬵ʱɽһ׷ǱѪӿֹʱڿ壬׷ɱˣȻǡ
ˮƵˡ
׷΢΢һôħҸղڹ룬ԷȥԼһôܣħǴңĻô֪ԼҪȥ룿
ܿ죬뵽ˣǳطҪɱŽħ룬һ赶ɱˣ֪

˿̣ˮƵģ鼫£ϱ׷һƤⷭѪ飬ȥֲɱ㣡
䣬ħ˲仯һӰ׷͵һԾȻܿȴԸһ˲䣬֮һѪӰ䡱һʱ졣
׷ܿһѪӰʱ˿ԥʹԪһ˲仯ӰǱ߷ȥ˴죬ֻǧﲻ룬ֻҪӻ죬ħҲ׷ɱȥ
ߣûпܣ졭ɱɱɱɱɱɱ
ħ˿񱩣ʱ࣬һɲǣ׷׷һ̧һɼʱȥ׷͵һȻٶٿ죬Ҳӷħһ
飡
һ죬׷һУʱһᣬܿƣһײȥ䡱һһײ÷飬׹ȥ
䵽棬׷ͷĿѣֹҲƿҪɢһ㣬ǿžʹǰɶȥ

δݳķħѹ׷ϺȫѪ˫΢һǧɱ˲ûһ죬ħסˡ

׷мǧɱʱԽԽĵҲһ´˷ħƤȫѪֹģøӿˡ

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ǧɱƿһƬƬĵķ˳ȥ׷ʱһѪӿʱջǧɱֻһ˲ǰȥ

ħȫѪ죬ģǿֲȻ׷һ죬ץסļһ֨һһŤұۡ

һ֮ʹʱ׷ɫӲҰֽһ̣Ԫħһƴϣ顱һش˳ȥ
һƣȻ׷Ԫ壬Ҳͷ˼ڵϣѪϴӿŷħһֻ߽òŲȥ֣ѾħŤϣѾ
ɱ㣡
ħ̬񣬾ʱ׷Ȼһӣöɳ͡˷ħ֮С
۾ҵ۾
ħѪȻöˣ׷״ԥǿһһ˲Զɶȥ
Ҫ
ħ̬񣬾һ׷ȥһ˲׷һ̧ͳͷȥ
һɲǣ·ʱȻֹͣˣҲֹˣ׷ܹܵһĿ£ȫѱƷס޷ӿ
飡
һƣشͷ֮ϡ

㡭
Ŷˣϴδƴ֪С͵͵˼̳һѩһ˺ˣһ̳һ
׷СһЩ
㡭

ħȻѣڶһƱض׷𣡾ǧһ֮ʣԶȻһ׹顱һһ½Ѫ˳ȥ
ţһӰ˲Ϣ԰бס׷һͷ׷ѩ
׷׷
𡭡ϡ
˴첢ԶҹʱȻӦһʮֹİϢǾ˼Ϣɵʱ溼޷߿յȵհ죬Ժ߹


1542 
׷Ҫ˵
׷ٶԣʱһԪڣȥ
ϡġ
׷˿ʱ߷ħϮһ䣬ڵϣһ˲䣬һ磬ħȥ
飡
һָ˷ħü֮ϣٶ֮죬ȫδܷӦʱһѪӿ˳ȥ
ȻħΪǰ׷ˣһĶ֣
ɽûɱ㣬㲻á
䣬ָһһָ͹˹ȥħһ˲һѪɫԪȻָһȴֲסȥ
ɱһ֣һ˲ϣָΪƣʮ˲ϢʱΧħܲסʱһѪӿ󵹷˳ȥ

һ죬ֻУһ̹ħնȥǲǵ۹£

Ȼһ˲䣬ħҲϳ˴˽ǵɽʱּѽжʱħϣһѪһֵ˰С
ħһ񱩣϶ʱѪ֣һɿֲϢ˳ȥ
ȻһУǰֻͽͰˣֻһʱɲǼƿħĲѪһᴩڰдһѪ

ħشһֲХһ˲䣬סһնȥһأضʹ
Ȼն֮ʱħȴȻһѪ˲Ϣɽȥֻңңһͳµһһģ
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һƬֵ񣬵ʱ׷ղʶϸ̽ˣһ˿Ϣʮֹ죬˼֮ĪǡҹӦһİϢйأ


1543 ʬħ֮
ȷʵǻˡ
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˴飬ǱˣӼǻ֮˼ʧ꣬죬һģƣĹơ
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һˣûмǴȥʱһԾŮɵʱǶԾŮϣȫûҹܵģǵġ˵İϢ
ҹǵİϢʮֲǵʱ溿Ҫһҹȥ뿴
öֵǹѣƲ棬ֻҪѲ飬Ʊһֱ˯ͬʱκҲ޷ˣ˵еĻƣѾĳϣСӡǴӺζ
׷ģڹ븽ȥ˹룬ȻˮƵˡ
˵ʱü΢ֲ׷ûֱӻ죬ȥ룬ηöĹѣҪǣǺ£Ǻ֡
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ȴô˵˽ʬħڣպҪȡأδ⡭Ҳ̫ˡ
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֮ǰֻȥ룬ʲô˰ʬħڣȥ룬᲻˰ʬħڣպҪȡء
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ǰʱΪԼϵʬħйأԴǴµʦŮ˵֮룬ʬħֹܻйء
ǲҲãҲã֪ԼڴʬħģʲôˣŮʱҲ˵һʮ֮ˡ
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ع˵ǰĪˣ֮ǰᵽʬħѵԼ˵ĻҲǵˣʬħֻ۶ܽѹ

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˴ҡҡͷȥһɲǣ˾£˵˵ֻжʮޣʮ֮գѾȥˣǴʹٴ˵գΪٸߣҪҵһţ϶һ޶Ĳ֮ģҲܡȥ
תſӵҽӡҵѨӻģͬʱҲ赲ʬħġ
ӵ˵ͷҲʧΪһ취
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ȿӼѻ˵꣬溱ҡͷˣǰûô򵥡


1544 ϣ
ôˡ˵ɽ¶Ѿˣʲô˵˵
ü΢溽ոйδ飬ȴòš
溿ʲôҲˣպһ˳ô֮󣬿첼¾鷨󣬵ʱɽ¶ɻȥ򶾵ĶԣļʣһЩֻǡ
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˼˵ҪٿҲ޷϶
Ȼ׺ȥѰѩ֮ǰδϷһЩѰֻ֮δ˵
溽㣡
ʱԶһ˷ֻܵ׺˹۵˷ŵ˵溽ˣͼæҲڰ
һ£׺һֱģԼΪڼгᣬҲ֮⿪ˡ
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죬ʱ޿̲ڿ˼䣬ʱ䣬ضע⣬죬ĺ˻ġԼһЩĹ
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溿һ룬˵ʵ亱Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֮壬ʮֶݣ֮壬һȻȻڡ
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գǸˣСϧˣʹϲҲֻһֻܻеһȥˣһˣܺúõػȥҲͲζˡ
һнСѣСҲˣǧҹǴӹΪġ֡ˣǧҹŲܹӰ죬ʹҲԪǡߣձȻֻܻһˣǡˡ
ԹΣȥ֣ʤ죬ҲϣҲ˶ܹúûţǡգȻˣԭ߻ֻܻһǿҲ֮ʱ⣬վΥɸģȴѶԭԸġ
Ĺ̫˾ͽĻһһ䣬ڻǵ

⼸գ滨δ鿴Ѿڸ׼鷨ͬʱҲ÷Ӧԣ󷨿գǿ
лħڣҲ̫ģ˵м֮ˣһ֮ˣܲסħħ
һ޹⣬޶͸һɹصϢ屻ڵ㣬ʱȻнŲ߽ˡ
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ʲô
ɫЩ䣬ط峤ɭɭЦЦ˵ϣ˲˵Ҫؾؾ̷
ʵѲµĻ죬볤ϼŵϣѵ죬ûпˣζԴ𣿾㣬Ҳصگˣѵ㻹ҪСţ
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볤ϺȻһ˪ø£䣬գü亮ˡ
գޱȣ˶ٳãֿڵ⣬ٷȰλһ䣬빫ﳤҹȣλãǹﳤҹ


1545 £
⻰ʲô˼
볤ɫԽԽˣֻ嵭ﳤҹֻһ̫ʥΪҲԸһΪУǶˣǵˣڻͷü

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ط峤ЦôʲôĸҰǺǡ
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ȻЩԣȻȴȥֻһ仰գϣϣ⼸գܹú룬վıߵġ

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1546 Թ
巴ʱµӣ޶ӽǾʧ룬ȥʱԶм뷢׵߷˹
⼸ΪҪԸһЩһī³ŭָ巣巣޶ڣɲ
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Ȼ䣬ɽžһ𣬽ֻЩɽͻȻȻ޹⣬ڳϵӽһô£

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ֻòɽϳȥЩħϵ̫أ˵һЩǳĵӣһЩϣ׿
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巣㡭
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䣬Ȼһ̧˾ͷ֮ϣһƺֱ꿪˾ǣʱѪɽ

˾һҽУһ˲䣬Щͷʹ࣬ɻꡣ

һҽдƫƫֲԹ֮ĥĵӼһĻ˾ҽ֮޲ŵľѡ
ס֣
ʱԶһӰͬʱһǿϢһ׷̧ͷȥȴǿ巵үүˡ
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巶㣡Ҳû뵽巾ⲻ˲Ŀˡ
ϡϣ
̫ϳǷ·ץסһһ׷վ˿ȥ

˾ڳԹ֮ĥʹһۣһ˿ɫǡ
룬巵巶
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̷ĵæ˹ȥֻ˾ѪһڣɸղſһƣȻȫ
巶㡭
Ȼдû뵽Ŀ巣Ⱥ˾Ҳ׷ǰ鰡
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ЦЦ̧ƣһƺЦүү㿴һΡ
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ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻΪؾطѾеؾؾõؾɴ챱š
ʱɢǱײϣʱй©ֻ»ĺ޶ڣҲᱻɰ١
ϣ򲻿ɽؾˣ
ۼ巾ǳؾʱڿвڵĳϵӶΧ
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һ䣬һһƥԹʱЩ˳˹ȥ״˫һ̧˲һԪ䡱һһµסԹ˳ȥȻȴһ
ʱв˶ŵȥҲ΢΢һȻǿƬ̺˵巶ڻͷü
ͷ
ЦЦ۵ĺɫϢһ˹ȥص˼ǣһصǸɽϣȫϣҰ𡭡ûë𣿰󣬵ſ壬仰Ǻġ
ֳգһ±ޱȣ˽ס˺㲻˵̫ϣҲүүղ֪ٻأ˶Կ˵
Ǻǡ
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µЦˣеһ󵨺ǰˣԹ̫ˡ


1547 ֮
Ҳü֪ǰǸѾˣǰ巣ؼԹĿܶѣؾύȥΪ죬ǡǰ᧿Σ˼䡣
޷ۼ֮ôϵǵԨһǵԨ򿪣ʱ˼䣬ʱȥ裬˼佫Ϳ̿
巣֪ʲô
Ŷ
ؾձˡ
˵úãʲô£
巿･¶һԹޣ˼ȥЩ޹֮˵ǵ̷̨ϣôҵ
˫üҪһٴ
ˣ
巺ȻЪ˹غЩҴǰѾ˵飬ܹˣ㻹ҪѵңΪʲô˵ף㲻˶ѣҿȴ£ؾսǲ
忴ҡҡͷҪؾܡ
ô
һ䣬Ȼһ˲ǰȿ巴Ӧֻ͡һһֲֻ˿ʱѪӿ

ɫһ±òҰףҲû뵽巾˶Ըղûκη
ϣ
ڵλϵӽһû뵽ӾȻ˴治
巡㣬㣡
Ǻǡ
¶ЦүүҵģԹԵĽؾ𣿷ǵҪȡΪʲôҪô鷳أľ鷳ˡԻֱӵȽϺá

ͻȻһҽУѪӿڵĳϵӽŵľѣӣȻǿд˿ϵԪӤʦ氡
ţûУ
Ȼɫü£һ½ִӿ˳͵ضסĺݺݵ϶ؾˣ˵
ӡ
϶ҪңղؾҾɱڵˣ
ģ£䣬һ˲ǿ࣬ʱ޶ؾķ򣬺Ȼһǿӡ˹
ӡͬСɣ޶ʦĽƣ˲䷴Ӧ¿壬Ծ˳ȥؾǱߣȴѦ޹ڳˡ
巣ӣ£
Ŷԭ
һЦѦ޹ڳϣȻˣǱգһˣʡ鷳
ʱԶǿϢ˲ڵӽһ̫Ϻ͵̫Ϻ󣬾ط峤ϣ볤ϣ졭죡췴ˣǿץס
Ȼط峤Ϻ볤ϲûȥԸ巣ߣգһ±ø
ط峤ϣ볤ϣǣҲ
ڵʵǲţһڳȴʱ˹ֲý޶ڵ󷨣ȫʧЧˣԭҲģ
ϣǺοء
볤ϿѪĿ壬˵֮£ѳɶֺ֣αؿǿţؾҶãգ޶Ѫɺӡ
ϡ
һأں͵ڵĵӣҲŵòҶˣҲ벻ƽǾһˣվȻ˿£Ҫɱǡ
ɷɷɷ
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˫ָ濴һۣˣǲȥ죬ʲô
ʱһħӰߵ˼䣬˫һ漴ط˵ط峤ϣ볤ϣ˴ͽˣĽѾȴ˹ȥˣڱ֮ǰҵؾ
һ˵꣬һ˲仯һɽħķȥ
ط峤Ϻ볤϶һۣһѦ޹˱ƽȥؾڣ
˺󡣡
Ȼ䣬˫һϣȫһ⣬һȵԪ֮ɲǼɽ塣
𣬳ط˽Աͻоɫһ볤壬ΪСӣ㾹ȻϧļǧУֵ𣿡
ȫ֣ˣʱȴڳط֮ϣֻĳΪһ졭
ΪʲôȻôǽվͳȫ㣡
ͻȻ䣬طҲֵʱɽ𵴲ֹǶԶȥ

˵죬ʱ𵴲ݣδ빬ͻȻǿҲȶ˰
ɶס
ţ磬Ҫң
ֻУɶ˫ֽؿڣǺ£ڵɽ¶ڲδȥ컯֮ȫ֣ʹܵ˺
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𵴵ԽԽɫ𽥲԰ˮ̺ͲڻδңǶҪ֤δܵɣ˻ң֤
歡Σ
Էܶˣʱȷݡ
ȻѾܵ˹˲ȣһΪ˾ѻδ룬󲿷δ빬ϹŽʧȥ֧ţѾʮֱֻҪϵߣػᱻơ
ǰأڱչ𡭡
Цǰš
ħס£ǹ
üǾδĹؼڣһ⡭ǳȥɱЩˣҲûκˡ
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ͳ졭ǵֵסˣҪȻҪȻǳɣ
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Ȼ˼ˣֵ֮ˣȻƾǸֵסԷԽԽ࣬ȥͽ˶ѡ
ϹŽʧȥֵסЩˣһЩ˳˽ȥܵƻΣնס
ͳ죬㣬㿴Ǳߣ
ʱ߷ȻвƷӿǾգֲŵɫɷס
ˡ
ȻʱȻܹܵǺŵĿĴǧѣô⼸£㶼ڰг죬ôأٲʦҪ군ˡ


1548 
ת˲֮䣬ǲѾӿں棬ħߣ˼״޲ǺȻһ
ͳ죬ô죿ҪҪˡ˻ȥ
ľԶʮ棬ӥ桢ڤ桢ѪӵȼʶһʱܵǺ͸Թ֮Ҳɵһ׹Ԩ
ˣˡ
ˣͳ˵˻ȥˣǸϽ
˸ƨ
ȻͷֱˣǺ棬гǹһָʲôˣֵ°ʮǰװŪ
Ǻǡ
ʱǺɢ߳һӰɭɭЦȻ㿴㣬ôȥˣڻһ
巡
߳ˣȻһȻ˴ǰʶʱֻ޶һССӣи̫үүҲȻ޶ڵĵӡ
ȻǺݣͳ죬ߵˣ޶ڵˣҪͿģΪʱҲԶڿ֮ϡ
巣ⲻ˲ӣҿҲòȥ
Ǻǡ
һЦȻһ䣬ħֱȻȥһĻЩ˽һͳСģ

Ȼгǹһף˫ֲϽӡҲȻɢ飬̫Ԫа
䣬һӡ͵ش˳ȥЩħһʱͬС˹һϲϷ̶̡Ƭ̣㻯һɢˡ
ͳ죡ЩħﱻʮȻ£ʱź
Ȼȴһ亹뻹Щ۵ħȽϵͼߵǣΪͳ쵱ѧķģ
Ǻǡ
ɭɭһЦҵǲˣͳ쵱ҲǴųġǾñֵмֱ¡
£һ磬͵һָȻ˹Χʱƺӿ˽һͳСģδ䣬ȻеϢɾ缤£˾Ѫӿֹ
ȻҲһ˲䷴Ӧ˹͵гǹֵǹǼǰһսɻģǹǧɣʮּӲɽҲԹơ
ȻʱԿϢǹȻסڿһָ֮ʱһǧǹһ۶ˡ
Сģ
ӥ桢ڤ桢ѪӵѾǰȻǼλֺҲָͬʱ󵹷˳ȥ
ˡ
ѪǿվȣϽޱȣȻضǹǾ£ղǧǹֵסһָֻʱ㲻Ҳˣ˵˿ֲ
Ǻǡ
ָ󣬵ЦŵĵҲˣѡ
Ȼ֪Ǵ˶֣ǿڴ˵ֵֻ˸ӲأֻȻָȥ巣㿴˭ˣ
Ŷ˫ָתͷȥ
Ȼ̻عæ򸽽˵˵ɫߡˣڤ˷ӦҲһ̵ȥ
巻عͷǰһʱͷһЦȻͷڹ꣬ڼ𣿵շ޶ڵȥˣ
үүб£󣡡棬Ȼֵ
Ǻǡ巵һЦǱ̣ϹŽơ
һƥԹȥƺȻ󼸸½һͳ죡ˣ
ȥӻȻ϶ʱ亹ΣԱһСͳ죬֡ô죿
ô죿ȥŰ𣿡
ҡȥ𣿡
ϻѵȥ
ŶŶ尡ȥס
Ҳҳ壡
Ȼһ˵ĺԣһŸ˳ȥԸȴԶˣԶѪӼ˿ȥ¶һ֮ɫЦģû֧ţƾСӣҲƿϹš
¡
ϻδ˵꣬һ𵴴Ѫӵ˾һ⡭û֧ţϹŽʧȥãµֵסˡ
ǰɡȻѾѺ۵ķ磬૵ȥֱѿ
ͳ졭סˣ
Ǻǡ
ƺ֮ϣɭȻһЦν𣿲ں֮ڣһΪж
ⲻ֪֣ά־ȶЩʵѷɱȣͬʱˡ׵硱λʥΪĳϡ
ʱδ빬һһεĳѾ𽥿ʼûңˣ亹乣Ҫѻδ룬ԤиҪѡ
δ롭
Ծɳ˯ѵĻδ룬üĽ˫һһ컯֮ɢǿȶ
硭
ɶ
ֻУɶһСɷף֧ţ棬Ҳþȫʹȶ
¡¡
Ȼ棬һһεĿֲȴʹӴάֲҡ
һҵҪŶãǺǡ


1549 Σ
ƺ֮ϣЦʱĵħӰѾߣĵħӰ߻ˡ
ȥҳ󷨣
ķѾѺۣҲԶˣʣµģΡȡ͡ˣħˣһ˲ȥ
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ʧȥϹŽƣҲ֧ŲסȻ˽Աɫû뵽̶Ƭ̼䣬Էôˣĸȫά־󷨣һԷĽƣǸֵܵס
ͳ졭ƺزסˡǻ°ɣ
ȵȡ
ȻָڳȥɶԷ˽ôʱͲֹ£˿ɴ˷룬ħҲֻסһô죬ô죿
¡
ͻȻһ𵴣ķ磬֧ˣƣ˸һ˲ɫˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦɱɭȻصˣȥɱ˾ɱһգҪѪȾ죡
ħһ˲䶼ȥȻѪӵ˾ɫ䣬Ȼһɲǣһɲ֪Ӻδ磬ʱ˶˸
ɷɷɷɷɷɷ
һɿµϢʱɢЩޱȵħһ̶סˣΪǸܵһɱǸҪϢ
ô¡
Ҳ˲ԾǰħҲͣ䱸ܣϹǡ
ɷɷɷ
Ȼ֮䣬֪һſŰ׹ã׹ԽԽ࣬󼸺գİ׹ãҪ£ж¡
⣬⡭
Ϲ£ħزİ׹ãȻǵħڣġǴ󡱡
жһʮţһλĶһʮǺɣİͷǣ˵ľԪԼͷǶɣ֪֮
ǺǣСƾǣҲͻ
ʱǴ棬ȻһɭȻħ˸һʶȥ
һǿ£ɴʱܵ׹洫ϹϢһʱּɵ
װŪƿ׹󣡡
һ£ħʱȥȻЩޱȵħһа׹ǣһһظ˽ȥȻ˿ǹħڿ
⡭
ƼһĻħŵһˣ⵽ʲôδҲ̫ˡ

Ǵ棬ٴδħôһΣľȺӱ죿ǻϷӣ
ֲصƺ֮ϣʱŵÿЩ˲ȥҲ˸ҳǰȥ
ߣװŪҵҪж
Թһ壬϶ʱ̧֣֮䣬Ʊãͳȥ
¡
һ죬Բʮһ巵ȷʵʮֿ£Ȼƾһˣ빥󣬻ԶԶ
ֻģҲʮ־޴󣬾ǹħҲֻ֧ʱ䣬ʱһɢȥ
ȥʱ䣬һգǵδѵĹؼ֮ʱɰܽڴһ٣ȻĹƣҹδͣڸѾԽԽˡ
¡¡
һ촫Ǵ֧Ųסˣİ׹̼ɢȥˣʱ棬һƬȫӰһգ
ǡҲˡ
һЦΪһɲԹ֣һƣܿ죬¹ȥ
ȻʱȻһεĻһ½𣬾ħҲͻĻѪ˳ȥ
ʲôˣ
巼һˣȻ֮ǿȫԤϣʱڹ·֮ϣֻϥ˫ĿգղǵȻֻΪ˸溣Ĺ󣬵նûָܻ
ǹ·ˡ
ʱһӰ˿ߣǸӣֻ棬˵˵и·ˣӲȴʮ
֮ˣ뿪ǵĻ꣬Ҿˡ
ӵӹ·崫˳һɸ֮ʱס˲ˣǵ꣬ʥϢ
˿²öԸߵĿ⣬˵
ߣҵҪж
ͻȻ֮䣬ֹȥȻһһΣ޲ǱӵĻ赲˻вˣǶˡ
С
ۼѾǧˣҡҡͷ˵˵Ļ̫ǿǿǰ취
ʱǧ֮⣬һػʶٿس漤ȥǻʶĿ꣬ٲȻǿӣ
ţ
һɲǣ۾֮ǰĹأִ󶯻վһһʶüģһ󵹷˳ȥ
ǰ
ӼԪܴʱȥһ˲䣬ϽԲ˾֮ɫǰ
δ빬Ҳһ¸Ӧˣüһϼһˡ
ԣ歵ɫһ䣬ǰ죬˭£ܹԻʶΣ


1550 ħ
ǰǰ
·֮ϣӾʧ룬ӿ˼ӵɫȴЩɷѿ޷
һ˵꣬˫ֽһӡüĵȥȴڰȻ
Ǻǡͬʱǧ֮⣬Ʋ֮ϣһӰȻʧˣϢҲδ¡
·棬ЩţСǰҪҪȥϡ
ء
һ̧ղһʶûܹԪֻЩʱձɻָֻǽգٳˡ
Ǿ֮Ȼ޷ȴҲ൱ʱӡĻֻǸڰ֮ˣ˭±ǽ֮µıı˰ɡ
棬ת˲֣Щ棬ʵ඼˼ߣֻǽƿѱˣĸԸΪ£˼ΪУǴǿ࣬Ѿ˼ˡ
δҲ̫˰ɡ
棬ȻľȻʮɵˣЩˣѵѾԸ
ЩѾ˼ˡڤȻԣ㿴Щ˵ϡ
ֻЩ˵ü֮УһӡǷŵͫ׵ɫҲˣѾֻħô򵥡
һЩɵĵӣ೤ϣˣЩϣϵأҲͬһϵѷǴǰɱȡ
Ȼˡ
ȻָһָЩɵ˵˼䣬ȴΪ߹£Ӷǣ
Ǻǡ
ȴֻһЦ˼䣿˼ѵûиܹһ֮ҹȫϣʣһˣȴһҰһڻɽҰ롭˼ãǺǺǣٿڵΪʲôҪν˼䣿ٿǣǣǻԸصȥ𡭡
˵棬죬ֻգλʥ˼䣡
˼䣿ЦԸ˼ģ켸λʥҲЩòȻαӣ
˼ҲãҲãҪģֻ޾Ƕʲô

ԽԽ࣬Ȼ޲еľЩˣ붼ѾϴˣģѾҩɾȡ
ɱ
һ£ʮɵˣټħԳ³ȥûϹŽƺͿӵĻ赲Щ˼ֱ֮ȡ¶ȥ
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һŵȹŮӣĿ¶ɫҪɽȥ֮ʱȴһסˣߣȥ
˼ȴ磬ЩˣһĻ
ߣ˵̫ˣȥ£Ҳ޼¡
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һֳôĶ䣬زֹŵˣɵˣʱҲڰŵˣҲڰ
Ҫǧʦھͺˡ
ָ߽ϧвЩŬδһգֵûԵ컯Ϊѷǵɱȡ
ǱǧѣȻʱֻЩħ˼䣬ǧʦڣһɽЩħɥ
ţ
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Сģ
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һ죬ССʱķѣ巼Էɳȥߺ͹˼ȴһЦҵ˭ԭֻСèСӡ
Ŀ巣ȷʵԭǸԹ˼ȴΪһָܽɢ
ħã
ŭһɽ˫ּ콣ʱնȥ
ŵĵһУ⽣ħһʱȻȴЦһһ̧ǰʱһɫ磬콣ֵ
ôԪŵصһŵĵ⣿
㡭
ˮղΪʩչ콣Ԫû뵽ôױֵ
ǺǡҲͽǹˡȻһЦ䣬ȻһɷɷϮ
Сģ
˼ȴһ˲令ǰһƳǺȥ顱һײ˼ȴһȴһ˲䣬ȥ
ţ
ǺҲ˼ȴɢˣֳŲԶĹ˼ȴĿﲻһ˿ɫù˵ʲô
˼֮ʣԶȻһһƬҽֻ֮ЩͼµˣԱһѪ˻ȥеĸǱѪеֱӵ
ʲôˣ
һ˲عȥ˲߹˼ȴˣʱǱ߷˹ȥȴħһһ£ϵһղһ˲٣ʱ׷ϣϡ
һȺ󱲣Ҳ졭
ħڲԶȻ˿˹ȥֵлħǰ֡
߿ˡ
ħ䵭صȻҿ˿ֻһˣεһЦֻȥ


1551 췣
ʲôˡ
棬ɫǴǰһ޾µŮӣĶƺѾŮӲȤˡ
ħɫһԲһһͶȥһ׷ɡ
һͣ已СԹһߣϺʱӿȻȴ赲һ
飡
һ죬巾òȥ˼״һŵˡ
һ˲䣬ֻħһ٣ٵʱڿתס٣һ˲˿ǰһһ̶죬ʱУ͡һն˿巵׼

己նȥ׼Щ˽ŵĵѣħǺȻһʱҲҶ

ħ䣬٣һ˲·˻ȥƮȻ£صһ׷ߡ
Ȼ˽סˣħʵ̫ˣǿȴҲף㱻ȡ׼
ǺǺǡ
Ȼһ̣ЦȴȻƺﴫֻһɫſ巵ʬ壬룬Ǵ˿̣Թ£Ȼˣ
ţ
ȻħҲû뵽ˡƾһɲԹ
Զ߿һĻҲˣղѾնȥ׼ˣѾˣûϢôô츴
ˡ
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ħǰСģ
Ȼһħٴҵ٣ٿط˹ȥһΣȻ޷ɢһԹ
ţˡˡһΣȴϵԹøˣ
صԹ
ħҴ⣬ԴǼһңջǽ˳ȥ
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췣
ȥ϶ʱ¶˾֮ɫʱ첢ûгֹ췣ʱϹŽƣʱ췣Ҳǿ췣Ѿ޷ж£û˷˵ֵס
⡣
δ빬棬ҲɫξķȻˣĻпܻ췣
췣ططʱδȫ֮ʱκεطԲܳһ̶ȣ췣
췣
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ԽԽһɿֲҲ˽ԱɫϹŽѾʧȥãҲˣ췣һ٣죬ֻΣӣ
Ψһֹ췣ٵİ취ֻ̳ȥо󷨣콫ɢȥʱɢĻδɣ
δ빬˽ɫأô죿ѵҪʱȥ鷨𣿿һ
ȥֵ췣
Ȼվ֪ˣɫһ䣺ˡ㵲ס췣ġ
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УɶСɷףֹµıǴˣʱ췣ѾԽԽ
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1552 ǿ
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㿴ô
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1553 Ԯ
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ʱڼԶ֮أҲڿߣȴѰ֮ˣ֮ˣ֮ĶԹʹѾȥ֮꣬츽ɲ
ιؤûоָ㣬ʶģ
ĬңȥһɲǣЩ޷ǰ֮ϸܵκһϢûκһϢĻ֪ģֻֿܡ
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1554 췣֮
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ȫ˫۲Ѫ˿췣µһ˲䣬·ȫ֫ٺһɲǷһ
һ˲䣬кȻһʹһ޷ľʹ
ʦǾŮҿɲǡ

ʮ٣ܡ

ʦҪ

磬硭Ҫ˺硭




˫ͷ۲Ѫ˿һ˲䣬İ׹һγ֣ǴΧߣֵףУ·ԼԼָӦǹĲʶ
ʧҵġʧҵġһġҵġ


ˣˣˣ
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Ҳ˵ˣʱԶЩɵߣŵˣһ̶޲¶֮ɫ
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1555 ǧ
ɣħŷǧ٣ѰѰһꡣ
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1556 
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϶Ϊûа취Ը㣿
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ĬңɫԽԽѿˣ˼ȴָһһ°ϣǰ
ûõġ
ĬңϢ𽥱ˣꡭֿѣ߱ھĻ֮µġ
ζ¹Ƶġ
ĬңǰԽԽľģƾֻǸղһʶϢڵģ
ǺǡɭɭһЦһ̣ȴ巿ȥ
ԭˡ
Ĭңɫһףˣվˣ˿ƲۣȴǾĻƵĹѣԹղôһҲû
ٺ١ٺ١Ҳûб䣬ֶλǺʹǰһ
Ĭң¶ЦԱȴһȻˣʲôߣʲôߡ


1557 ֮
Ǻǡ
ɭɭһЦִնĻƣǸС׼ģƫƫҪǰ
Ļơѡ
巴˿վԶĻƣԭԼֻǾĻƵĹѶѡǣΣ
һɲǣøˣֻҪǾһգܴﵽ塭
Ѿӵ˲֮ԹѾûܹɱˣһաܽЩˣͨͨڽ£
ʱԶ˶Ϣĵ˭ֶξ
Ѿʵ˿Ȼʱǰɿħʵµؾģֲ⡣
ٺ٣ٺ١
ĬңɫҰףЦһ˵ߵֶΣ˼աһɡ
䣬˫ֺȻӡһԪ֮ʱ𣬶ü֮ϣҲȻһӡһɲǣȻǿ
ǡ
Զ˽һλϸǺȻɫλǰϧԪ֮
ǰ
һ֮Ԫ֮ȻڶʱڵõҲͬͷԪ֮
Ȱ
һ˲䣬ֻĬң׷󣬾һʮɻӰ͵سĽȥ
ġ˿ֲԪ֮ǹѪ޺ۣҲɫ΢΢һ䡣
죬̾Ҫֱǡ޵塱̨̰աħ֮Ԩ֮š
ЩŽһ£Ϊ򿪡֮ԨͬŬʵϣڲҲǰϣͼһͳ죬Ϊ¼Ψһİ
Ǳ˼䣬ЩˣǱ˴֮䣬ȴ֪Էݣǵݣʮֱܣվڱ˴˵ǰҲ֪ԷԭҲˡ
ģֻǽͬǼ̨ˣѪ޺ħ֮Ԩˣṵ̋յˣ޵ˣھģȻǾˡ
˿̣ǵĿͬģҲٹĶˣĵԸǵȥ
ԣ˱˴˶һۣҲٶԣʱ湥ȥ棬Ѳ󷨣ħҲѾ׼˲Ϣ
ɷɷɷ
û˷ĬңġعһɫͨħҲѸپ£˹һƬޱ޾ĳˮ͵سӿ
ܿ죬¡ˮ̨٣ʧȥϹŽƺദطЩħ﹥˽
滹󷨣Ҳ٣ʱԵֵסЩħҲ֧Ų˶á
Ϊ̫ߣħһʵԵֵס֮£ԭά־鷨Щ֣Լ׵λϣҲòǰȥֵЩˡ
Լ˰ʱ䣬ӿħԽԽˣЩħԹеļɱҲһȾܿҲΪħ
ͳ졭ô죬ǵסˡ
ҪȻ󳷣
ĳЩﳷ

ԽԽħӿ죬̶Ƭ̼䣬δ빬ĵطħ˽ȥ罧·塢ԼЦڵĶ·壬ħ
ЩħôҲɱ
ڤѪӵѾմȾʱЩֺֻ
һߣʹ󷨣ħҲֵסˣʱ·ǱߺȻһѪ䡱һƣʱħͬѪ޺ڣҲͻ˼
˭
һֻУȻһȫѪֵӰħħЦ졣
Цǰ
˷·ץסһֻУЦĿư磬СҲ졭
СС˼ߡҲ֮󡣡Ȼ䣬ֻӰһΣ˲Ϣ仯һֱЦ칥Ϯȥ
ߣ
ƣЦɫ˿䣬һ̧Ѫֱǹȥ¡һʽײʱø춯ҡ
ߣЦ֣ԵԻ⣬˷޾ħӿʹй˼ȴֵֵ߳ЩħЩħ̫Ӵǵֵסˡ
ʱδ빬棬ȻϥĿ죬Ψһһûбħĵطˣĵط罧вħ˽ȥѾ˹ȥ׷±Щħˡ
Ρ
۾ɫȻʮֲ԰ףղΪ췣ĹأʱڣԻָڡɽ꣬ٻſԱߣѪ߰ߣƬ䣬ҲѾսˡ
ЦǰղѾǱ߸Ϲȥˡ
üûиѾħˣʮΣЩħɱɱˣܿҲܸ
ھֻʣδ빬ΨһһûбħȾĵطˣҲ֪ܳŵʱҹӰˣɳȥ֧Ԯˣֻʣ𰱣
š
΢΢ͷʹ𽲻˵֪ܲ˿Σħӿ˽滹һʮ֮ˡ
ʲôˣ
ͻȻ䣬˱УֻǰߣȻһӰЦ˫ȾѪһǱˣȴǸղųҴٻĿ巡
ձУּ˫ȾѪһ·ˣѾڴˡ
ڼˣǺǡˣǲɱǺǡ
һһˣϹƣԹ֮һʮֲĸо
ȥﲻġȻ۾ʹ˿ԪδָȻһĪѹ
𡭡
屾ſһʱҲȻ̧ͷ˫Ŀ׹ţݺݵԶԽԽĿ巡


1558 
ԽԽ巢һ𣬺ȻȥȻȴһһɺ顱һһ±㱻˳ȥ
ݣݣ
Ҳһ˲ˣǴǰҪԸ巣˵練ƣѴ֮ܽ£Ŀ巣ܹԸģ
Ǻǡ
۰ٶô죬ȴһ˫һ죬ɺʱƶͳץȥ

ٿ棬ӿħԽԽ࣬ɱ֮ն֮亹ҲѶޣƫƫΧӿħȴԽԽˡ
˼ȴ磬ô죬ЩħԽԽˡ
ߡСģ
˼ȴһ˲ɹȥһƽϮļֻħ˳ȥȻ糱ˮӿħ˰Χˡ
˼ȴ硭
һƬħֻеһľôħ֮Ԩδ򿪣죬Ҳôħ
ߡСġ
˼ȴһ죬סˣһľֹҲץ֣ȴӿħƵ·ˡ
ݣʱһնħ
а
ֻһŮӵ𣬶ʱ콣֮£Щħ޴ΣԻɻң
Ľϴϲüʦ㣬нʦ֣ˣ
üʦ㣬ʦ֣
ߡ£
һ˲Ϣһħ漴ǵ⻯һӣ˵ͽܣ
ߣ
üҲѸٻһܱϣͬһüͽ͵УԶСʦ֮ϡ
ۼΧħﶼʦʦֳȥˣ˿ҡֵûû£Һøղ˼ȴڡ
λ
˼ȴĿ⣬˼ȴ¹˼ȴ֮ǰм
ʦܣ㿴
Ȼüɫһ䣬ָȥֻ˷ޱħ֮͸ȥ
ľմȾʱήǵǳˣմȾܿΪħ
ô¡ôЩǡ
Ҳһ±ɫʱǱߺȻ죬һ𣬹˼ȴǵӰһĴϣġλǰƺһǧǰŵλߡ
ߡ
üͽɫһ֮ǰλǰֻǴ֪ݣ˾ǵ֮һ
ɷɷɷ
ͻȻ䣬ԽԽӿȥطѱȾһ˵ʦܸղŵֵ췣ڿ϶ûָһЩȾĻ
ԣüɫ΢΢һ䣬ԥҪȥʱȴĽһ¸סˣʦ㡭ȵȣ
üعͷʦܴʱɫˣ죬֮ͽ룿ֻ棬նɱħ
޷ҷˣҽȥɣʦøղĹ󣬱㽻ɶλտˡ
˼ȴ磡
һȻǵһ˽ȥΣգȫµħޱ΢մȾһ£ҲУȾԪΪħ֮
ߡû¡˼ȴ˵ͷԥ漴һȥ
ħ֮ԽԽŨüȻʦ㣬㿴ħ֮ǷЩϤ
ţ
һ˵üҲɵһһ±뵽˵ꡭ
ɽ£ʮﴦŴ壬סİٶˣȴһҹ֮䣬ħ֮İٶˣһҹȫ֮£ΨʱֻǸССӤһħ֮棬
ѵŴΪϾɫһ˴뵱Ŵʵ̫ˡ
üҲ쳣أ˵֮޶϶˵
üʦ㣬ʦ֡˵ʲô굽׷ʲôʦй𣿡
̧ͷЩûǶ˴ʱ˵ʲôضǺʦйصġ
ûʲô
üҡҡͷ֮˷룬Σ֪ҲԸڴʱ𣬻عͷߵߣղû˰ɣ
ţû¡СģǱħˣ
¡
üнһ͡һʱնʮֻӿħͽĵУҲѷǵɱȡ
ۼΧħӿˣȰ⸽ħ˵
š
˲ԥ̶һһħն


1559 
棬Щµħ֮Ҳȫӿ˽յϹɾվ˿ֲ
׺硭׺硭
С⸽ΧħŻˣ׺ɽ󣺡ã¡
ɷɷɷ
ΧħԽԽˣȻЩ죬׺ѧЩζԸôħ֮
ǱߡǱҲУ׺磬ǹˣ
̼䣬Ѿ糱ˮӿħΧסˣ׺ŽȻʱȴѾ·ˡ
ءʦʦ
С챻ӿħſˣʱһӰٿȻһ㽫⸽ħնˣǸղŽĹ˼ȴ

С׺󣬿ǰͻȻֵˣ૵㣬˭
£⸽ħѾˡ
˼ȴԶ˿طвħһʱƬ̣ģؼЩħＴʹˣ˶Ҳȱٽ䳹ɱֶΡ

δ빬⣬Թ죬ϺƣˣҲͷųס˺á
Ǻǣϣ㲻죬ǲǺܿ죬ҪˣһҲˣʲôʸ֮
ɭȻһЦ˫һ̧˰Уʱʴȥ
𡭡ϡ
˱ź˵ҲЩѣϡߡ
ڰ𽻰µ˲䣬Ȼ۾һָ巵ȥ飡һ죬己ָ˳ȥˣҲӰ
ϡ
ֻɫɷףһ˿췣ԪδָղһָȻƴȫһȴ˲˿巡
ôǺǡ
ɭɭһЦո߸ϵɱ֮ȨֻҪһ仰ȡȴѾɱ˵û𣿹աעҪҿ
£ȻһС֡˹ʱָУѪ죬һץסҲˡ
ϣ
һһȥԪֵһ֮ʱﴦȴȻһʹһɫӲҰֽ
һ磬˵ɾһ˲䣬Ȼһ͡һһն˿巵ֱۡ

巷һҽУŶϱ֮ȥϱ֮Ѫֻһ˿˿ĺɫ
δ빬
һؿŰУƮƮȾ̻Ůӣ·ٳӣһɲǣЩԭδ빬ӿҲ糱ˮ˻ȥˡ
δ롭
Ҳסˣ棬οδÿһΣҲʱôƤɰƭԼװ˶ƭԼ
Ǵ˿ΪΣΪξоЩİˣʱδ

Ŷϱ֮ݺݵصŰеĻδ룬һԹ֮
δûȥƮƮǰḧʱЩ԰׵ӣ𣿡
̧ᰴʱԼϵֻ֣ؿȻҡҡͷ
Ժδĳǧһ仰Ҳ˵
˱ǰ㣡
巺Ȼ̬񣬶ϱ֮۳һɹɺȻһոµֱۡ
ȥ
״͵һ³δ˹һϡСģ
ȻͻδǾű˴ˣһֱ巹֮ʱżδһ䣬һɳ顱һÿ˳ȥ
һĻһǿ
΢΢һδ֮󣬹Щ仯仯ֻǿ

˫Ŀѣղһ£δýǴϣܿ죬Թ£ߡ֮޸ˡ
ɱңûɱҡǲ֮
ģԽԽֲҪٴγȥʱȴδһԾһƷ£һɴʱȥ

һ֣巶ʱֻеʹޱȣϵԹ֮Ȼһһ㣬ˣ

Թ֮ζĲ֮ʧ
ҵҪҵʦҡҡ
ҲҪٻȥҲҪٱǸҲҪȥ
ʹ˻ţڵϲϵȻȴԽԽգһ۵Թδȫˡ

ֻѪſڵϣϷЦʱֱһȫΪϣڹǸˡ
вԱС
δ䵭ĩһ죬ָһӿԪ֮гһƺһƺָϷϸؿš
δ롭ģ
֪ǾĻƣԲע⣬Ԫ֮Уδ벢δ⣬ָĻƣֻһߣָһһ±㽫ĻƣΪ˻ҽ


1560 δʵ
δ빬
ôҲû뵽ٴĻδ룬ϵȻǿôࡣ
δ롭
Ȼʱǧǧȴ֪Ӻ˵𣬾ʱɽµħȻӿһƬɫĳˮ
ϡСģ
̻ͻδңȻħȻͬˮӿδ빬Щħˣ֪طûκһûЩħ롣
ޱֶʢİٻҲЩʴ֮£𽥵ήˡ
δ룡
ʱ歷˵Ҳ˳歷˵δո˴ǵ˿ʱֻҩʥۣҽʥˮ̣סˡ
ôħЩǴӺζ
ۺˮ¶ɫҲЩˣЩǿνʼղɽһεΣʵֲ̫ˣ糱ˮӿħֵħ֮ܵ
δ롭
歷ѸǰһĻʵľ£ڵЩħռˣ͸졭
޷˺󡣡
δɫ˿ң䣬һԾɵ˰Уţֻ˫ֲϽӡһޱʱؿӿ˳
δ롭
΢΢һ֪δһֱһޱҲ˵ô£ÿζùֻ
һλδܹͷųȻոǿԽǿҲԽǿⲢûʲô֡
ܿ죬ޱ֮£ЩӿˣЩħ֮һҲƸղſ·⣬һ˲ҷ
ԭ糱ˮϮħһɲǣޱ֮£׻ҷˣҲ
δ롭
ʱ˿̣ܹԸܵõδޱǰǿࡣ
Ǳߣ˼Щħﶼҷˣͬӿˣ˾ɫһȻҲܵõ˿ɼǿ
ʧˡЩʧˣ
ħʧС쳣ĸˣ׺ܿţ
طˣڴʱ£崺磬һЩԭȾˣʱϵҲˡ
δ빬ǿδ빬
һ̣ڿϵĻδ룬ȫ֣ٳӣޱȫˣ
ǡ
Ҳøˣǲû뵽ﾹǿ֮ˡ
УδֳµķȥǱɱ죬ԣ˲仯һâǱ߷˹ȥ
δ룡΢΢һ䣬ʱȥ

ϣ˫˼սʱһâ䡱һһ½Ѫ˳ȥ
δ빬δ빬
δڤѪӵ־ϲʮ̵ˣǰ͹ڻδȻ˸Ϥ
ʱ֮£Ĺȹ¹λιˡ
Ĺ֮ˣɱ⣡
һֻ̣δҲƴǰǸˣȥҪ顣

ȴ˳ɱȥιܽЩǷΪ˼ߣѱѣǱ飡
ԭߣս˲أɴʱŻδĵʱŤת߷׵λϣҲ˲Ϣ
̸ܡɱ
ȻղһֱѹŴ򣬴ʱ·üˣɱȥܿ죬ĸ־ۼʱʵѹɱ±ЩˣĶӡ
Ҳ޹֣ģʵ˹ĵˣ±ߵģҲЩӱȫվôһƺЩˡ
ʱƲһ䣬Ѿͷ˭һô磿
˵֮ʱδĿѾϣѺʵһ
ëѾͷ
Լһ˲乥ȥʮӣ
£ֻһں³ʱʮֻģµĹӤһɿֲϢٴ¡
δ빬СӤ
ʮӤɳڤѣʮӤʵһʮֲֿĵطǺùŮӣһŮӸڣʱΪ̥ʳŮӾʮֿ¡
ȻȴδصɱӤɥ˹աұʮӤǴӴݵ񣡡


1561 ؾ
ߣʮӣëѾͷ㻹˵㣡
һߣ䣬˫ֽ˸ӡʮֻӤʱʢЦֱδȥ
δ빬Сģ
ǹӤֲϮ˽һδȴ治ɫֻʮֻӤ֮ʱָһһƬֶֻâһȴķɻɡ
ֻɻɡΧ裬ת潫ֻӤ˽ȥʣ¾ֻӤֻ˽ȥ
ߴߴߴߴߴߴ
ֻӤܵ˾ţתܣδӣһӣɻɡʱ˹ȥһ½ߵļֻӤ˽ȥ
һĻ¶ɫʮӣôܡôױ㱻ߣ
ߴߴߴߴߴߴߴ
ʱڷɻɡйӤ֮δһУɻɡ˻漴滭˼׭ʱֻһҽдֻһƺðʮֻӤ׻ҷ
ҵʮӡ㣡ɱ㣡Ȼ䣬£ѪɴܣͳδϮ
вԱС
δɫݣֻɽһ죬һǿʱӿ˳ȥһ½ֵ˰С
һ˲䣬ֻٿһƴ顱һڹϣʱѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ˡ
Щ˼һƴѪɳ޲ȻʧɫѪ޺Ҳһ˲ȥָһжʱһѪܵĹצͳδץȥ
Сģ
Զڤ˾ĵδ빬òҪٳ⣬ǿǺã
ߡ
Ѫ޺۹δУһ컨ӰУٳʱȴѪ޺ǰٿһ죬סһ顱һƣһ½Ѫ˳ȥ
գ֮䣬λȷ棬һ̣Զ˽ľȻüסˣԺ꣬ǸʱûȿֲΪ
иղǹޱʲôˡ紫ԣŮһǿҴѵһֱ˴ˣ
ԶɲڰˣλϣʱǱɫ̼ǵõ֮꣬䡭꣬нյʵǸʱ˵λˡ˹ϣţк֣
Ůģǿ
Ѫ޺ؿڣѪӿĸֻǷǷôıҲؽܵˡ
¡¡
ʱȻһ𵴣ƺҲӿ죬ָϹŽƣȻҲָˡ
Ľơߣ
ﵱȻһȥŮʵ̫ǿ󳬳ǵԤϣճǱڴˣûκοսʤˣҲװ
Ȼˣͽ°ɡ
δ䣬һɻɡʱ׷ȥʱһӰȴԣδ롣
δתȥǰ֮ˣҡҡͷ߱ˣȥ׷ˣҺúÿ㡭
δҲҲüǣֻҡ
νˡҡҡͷḧӣˡ
ӡ
Ӳһߣħ߲뵱ڹɽ磬ҪȵˣŮӣȻһŮӡ
䣡
ʱԶȻһ죬ĬңȻĶһ֮ǰ͵ϮһƣǲòáԪ֮
Ǵ˿̣ɫԽԽ԰ˣۼѾ֧ŲסǾĻʱᷴһмߣܽѹƣֻͱˡ
عǱ߿ȥü˵ղǰ͵ϮȥΡ˵꣬չǱ߷ȥˡ
飡
һ죬ĬңһӰ˳ȥ˲ϢӺ潫סˣǰ

Ĭңɫɷףüһƺ֣ûб͵ϮһУһʱоĻƣǿԪֻ֮ºΪ
Ǻǡ
ʱֻһϮĬңɫһףһѪӿСĴˣ
һɲǣһâ顱һһ½Ϯĺɢˡ
ֻδУƮƮٳŲԶɺ۶ɵľģµǺˣ̶ֳȵĻ꣬Ӧó˼䡭ڣӦá


1562 ֮

һ죬ֻδȻһѾ֮ǽԼߣӽԳտ֮ɫкƣˮѽ͸һʮֲϢ
˽Իѩʱ硱ϹʱڣһŽʮǿŽˮ൱
δ䣬ָģڻлᣬ˵ݣ꣬Ҿˡ
Ǻǡ
洫ɭɭЦҵݣ֪ݣҲһô֪Ǻǡ
Ŵһֳգһ±ù˽Ŀ¶ɫδ뿴ȥ仰ʲô˼
˿ϣĬң˹ѹƻƵҲһ̧ͷһĻδ룬δݡ
ˣѰ֮ˣѰ֮ˣ֮壬Ѱ֮ˣǿһʲôˡ
һɲǣԺֻˣڶʱ龰ͣɱöˣһҲԿ

һХֻδȻͦĹȥһ˲䣬콣͸ǣȻʱԶˣҲеһ󵨺ǿĽ
Ǻǡ
ȣһʱδǲĽӰסˡ

һ죬δٴͦг̼裬ʱһƬĻͳĹ
ĵʵʼɲ⣬Ȼʱ缲һĹƣȴȻԵ࣬Ʈ
ϣ˶ϢؿţţħҲһԲû뵽Ůӵʵǿؾģʵƺʤһ
ЦҲվһԣԶĻδ룬˫Ŀ΢΢һѾͷ֮øǿˡԽǿԽʹһ˵Ըı䡣
̧Ĵ۵ЩΪо龫ǣľѪǣȴվŵܣʱ񼲷ÿÿ
δ룬һ˶Ը˴𣿡
һһ£ĬңѹƾĻƣʱЩģδһˣ벻ǾĴ˵Ķ֡
ǰѹƻƣصҡ
δһת˲䣬ֳĹȥȻĵݣ֮Ԩδȫ򿪣ǿĻܴ꣬ǰµĽƣǡ
ֻһֿܣӵźʹ˾˾һͨ졭Ԫ֮
˾Ԫ֮ƣǳˣк˻һͨ

˼֮࣬δѽѩʱ罣ʩչԲʮﾢѩ裬ÿһƬѩһĽ
Ǻǡ
α޳ѩУһ˲Ϣܵ˻δǰ
飡
һ죬ǿľʱøһֻδտѩʱ罣ֵסĵĹƣ㵽ʲôˡ
Ǻǡ
ĺ֮£ֻлδʱô°
δһǴ˾Ȼ˾һֱͨĽƣõ˼ĴôҲܶԼ֣Լ֣·ϡ
˼֮ʣһȻϮ歷˶ȻһδСģ
ȻδعһȻ顱һһ½˻¡
δ룡סĬңһ˲˹ȥסô𣿡
û¡
δɫЩ΢΢ףղһ£ңΪ̫ˣ֮˵ľ֮һ
Ǻǡ
ɭɭһЦȻһԾգΪޣԹְɡ
£˫һ죬ʱԹ֮ۼһɿֲľ֮ʱ졣
֮£˽Ըеһ̻̲δɫһ䣬ɿ˫֣һ˲ַȥ
䣡
ԲʮһƺӿֹȻƾһֹ֮ģ˵Ϊʵ̫ˡ

ʱħҲٷȥԭħʱȻ޷Դκ˺
ߣ
ЦĿҲһ·˹ȥ֮ʱХǴ˿֣Ȼ޷ֹ˵ľ֮ӡ
죬Բƺӿֹ·ؼԹ֮˹
ֻϺ֣ޱԹ֮£˽ԸеһϢ·ԪҲҪѹʧһ㡣
Ǻǡ
֮£ɭɭЦֻ˫һ̧Թ֮ۼǻδ˴ֵסˡ
ˡøߵΪ
ħ٣ڴʱɾ֮ѹ£ҾȻ޷ˡ
ʱԶ˲δ뿪Ҳû뵽ĵΪ˿¡ǾĴϣδ֪ʵǳΣܱȡ


1563 ̳ʢ
ǰȶ֧Ƭ̡
ۼδѾֵסĵˣסĬңһҲȥͬʱ˵۹½
۹½˫Ǵ˿̣ﴦȴʹֿ췣δָǿжԪܷɡ
Ǻǡ
֮£ɭɭЦʱһˣҲ޼£˸ֵסǿֲľ֮
ϡ
Ҳһ˲ߣ歷Ҳԥչ׵λ̤ʥĳϣԼʮ̾ڤˣһɲǷ
ȻǺ֮ȴȻֵסĵʱԶӰ˹콣ȴüͽˣͬʱߺ͹˼ȴҲֿĵ
ˡǿ
̼䣬üͽһ亹ʹΪѷǴǰɱȣ˫ǴʱҲԵֵ˵ľ

ɫɷףﴦѿһ㣬һɻĴʹʱ߱ȫȻǿߵ۹½ֵ˾֮
ֹˣ
ʱԶЩɵҲڷ˹ǿУв˼İȫţλͽܶˣٹ˼Щʲôħ֣֮
̼䣬Զɹһٶλ˼֣Щ֣Ȼǳޱȡ
ˡǿ
һЩΪԵ͵ˣ֧ŲסĵɢޱԹ֮Ҳֱ츲ѹ

һȣü֮ϣħӡʱ֣ȫҲȻǿ࣬ǵ˺ѵľʹҲԽԽǿҡ
һԶüɫɷףʱЩ΢΢ľ߻ħ
㲻ҪٶˡδɫҲЩţһ°סҡҡͷ
Ǻǡ
ĵԽԽǿȻ⸽ȴ֧Ųס
ô˼ߡ棬ɭɭǽգעҪ
£˫һ̧һɿֲ֮ʱɲ
ˡ
δɫһ䣬ɲ𣬾һֻδ˳ܲסѪ󵹷˳ȥһʩչֻܹܣ
ǧһ֮ʣϣĬң˫һĵ棬һâ˲˳һɲǣӿϧȼձԪֵһСɲ𡱣
𣡡
һ£Ƿ֮ӿĬңʱһѪһ󵹷˳ȥ
ħЦ졢歷˵ˣ֣ԱѪ˻ȥûһֵܹĵġɲ𡱣ͻδڣҲһ±¡
棬һ߸ǳܲסüͽɳȥ˽һѪӿ
˼ȴ磡
˼ȴһ˲令סߣȻȴĵѪֹֻʱһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
üʦ㡭ʦ֡
ɫɷףŹ˼ȴԶüͽȥüʦͽʦҲ˵ôء
ۣ
һѪӿ̧ͷԶľģϾɫڣ̫ǿʦڴˡ
һ
ϣδɫɷף亹֧ŲסһѪӿ˳ʱȴԲķĬң˵ȥǰ
ֻĬңڵϣѪ죬ղžķɲʱԻֵЩֻ˴˿˸Ӳء
ʱ·ǱһӰȴǿˣѸٷĬң˫һϡ
Сӣ̫ǿˣ̤̫ʥ֮˿ǼһҲĶ֡
ʱԺ˹ħ̧˲ǵѪľģȷʵǿʦڴˡԼʬħ

˼䣬ﴦһʹʱȫ亹ΣҲøӲҰɫˡ
ô
δ뽫ţ漴һԪ룬ԻԪ֮࣬ʱ棬Ļ߿ˣһɿ־֮Уʱͷ
ԶҲĴ˵ʵֲ̫ˣҲòЩ꣬Ȼ˴ƺ⣬ɾȴڰУ׳ѱĴûһͳҰġ
Ǻǡ
ѾϷ´ЦɭɭˣȻ䣬ֻ˫һ̧ġ٣
µ˲䣬һ֮Ȼ콵մȾߣⲻ˽Ϊħ
Σһ̣ԶȻһǿϢһ壡̣㣡ʢ


1564 
̳ʢ
δعֻ֮Уֱ̻Ĺȥ
һɲǣķӦǰֶԸҲɴʱ̻Ƽɵѣһ˲ջعƣԾ˳ȥͬʱ˫һֳ̧Ȼȴ޷ס̻Ϯ
̳ʢΪɫ̡̡̡̡ʶ̡һ۳һȼ˿࣬ȻתҲӴʹࡣ
ʽǻδĶǶԸˣΪʱͻȻӣ졣
ֻն󳤷һ˫Ϣʱڳһǡ
ԭͻȻ֣δӦǸ˲ŶԣʱϷоɫһͬʱҲʶ˿ԵԷϲɫԷ
ʱעûϣϣ˵ϢΪЩϤ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôܾǰһΣԼˣɵȥ֮ʱȴֻδһˣˡ
е֮µ£һΣ˭δ룬˭
Ƕʱ䣬ʱѷѣ·ʶ⣬ʱԼܵϢʱ˵ϢΪξЩƣ
Ǻǣ̳ʢȻ
ԶȫΪһ֣ⱻ̳ʢˣʱѾƸտʼ⣬ָֻһɺʱϮ˹
УһоͻȻʯף顱һ׸ǳ𣬾Ӱʯһµֵס˾
ǣǡ
˽һʯɳӰȻǿܣܣȻ֮ǿ˵ʲôͷΪδ˵һˣ
ȥ
ָһʯ׷ɳһι׸ǲδ򿪣ֻʯ棬ȴɷ͸ͳײȥ
ȻһмߣҲС⡰ʮħֻչܿʯ׵͹ơ
ȥ
䵭ٴָһĿʯ׷ɳųɷͿֱֲĹȥ
ЩʯģƵĿܣԻʮħֱΪӡîȡ硢δꡢϡ硢ʱʯֻܣǡϡ͡
⡭
ҷɵʯףڳ֮޲ľȻ⵽ʲô£
ǺǡʮħһȻ鴫ٻˡ
ɭɭһЦ˲仯һԶȥˣʮħǲ̫ѲȻԿ
Զ䲻֪ǰӵĶˣǻǹײĿܣйǳˡ
˼⼰ˣ˱˴˶һۣҲԥ˲仯һԶȥ
ǲȥˣһ죬ջʯף˲ߵķ׷ȥ
ˣĺ͹˶ˣҲһɢĶӡ
С硭
ϣδһ׷ǾȥˣһҲȥǰ˵𽣬ﱣϣȥȥͻء
δ룡
һ׷˳ȥҲȥɸһﴦʱһʹòͣɸ߿գܷɣ׹ȥˤѣǿɺЦˡ

µʲôˡ
ǧ֮⣬ת˲Ѿ׷˻ߵľģһ̧һ֮ʱԷȥ
Ǻǡ
֮УɭɭЦ£ħ졭Ȼѷ丸ֻϧ
£һͳһͬСɣһ̧Ⱥɢȥ֮ʱǰȴ޾ĵӰ
С磡
ʱδҲ׷Ÿľ֮Ϣŵأ𣿡
š
תδһԼͷȥҡ
һȥ
˹δһ̧ͷǡңڣڻܻȥ
һδ룬֪һΣжûлȥ𣿸ÿ춼߶㣬Ҳ֪˼ΣңҲֻÿζŲ˵
ҡ
δ۾ˮʲһֱá
ôˣ
ԣδһ̧ͷŵؿ
컺˵ǰ޾֮ԨһսնȥһۣɸҲɵħˡ
졭
δ˫üһ֪ҰĲһֱ£Ȼ췴һ죬һվˡ


1565 ̫Ŵ˵
ǸΣδ̧ͷǽŵʵ
ɵħʮڴ˾ݻƣڸʱް
֮󣬻δͷȥҲˮЩҴδúڸߣϲܣŵø屧Ҳܻȥߡ
ҡҡͷȥ۽ǵˮ˵һֱ֪ϲ˼䣬ÿӲһΡδ룬Ĳȥ𣿡
ҡ
δҧ촽ɫ֮䣬Ϊѣǲȥ˼ôӣһˣӦ
һЦˡóˣվǣסˡ
ǰСôȡЦһ὿Ǵ˿̣־ţﶼģڲزסȫ
㰡㣬ôˣǺСʱһޡ
ҡͷһЦὫڼϣˣû¡Ȼȥһ˵ģֻҪ֪˼û£㰲ˡ
ţ
δ޵ñӺģһһ٣ͬСʱһСʱÿˣŴתߣǱġ
ֻһֱ嵽ЦΪֹ֪ǣʵÿһΣŶһֱվ濴ţֱЦˣŻ뿪
˺һδ̧ͷ˲۾ʵ˼䣬ǲǻб飿
ԣü΢δʱ飬϶˴˼䣬Ȼб顣
һΣɽµܿ˼֮һġԨ
سʱ°ʮ鳤֮Դ˼䣬ֱǣ̶աԨǡաȪ졣
һֲ֮ͬյ֮ȪĿϤȥδ֮ԨǷӡ֮ǿķӡ
˿̣üδ״ʵһΣɽµйأ
ʵڣδҲЩɣ߷У컯λԪŵģΪԽԽĳ󷨣
ѵɽڵĿģΪ˷ӡʲôƫƫôɣµԨɽʲôܡ
һչüЦûʲôЩ飬㲻صġŪ꣬ܿҪĽ硣
˵δʵѵ죿
쿴ҡҡͷʱɫδ벻һ˼⣬죬ѵСγΪ֮£죿йһʱŶЩңԶ֮°ɡ
ãŵ䣬ϣвһЩˣѾվ۷壬̧־㣬ǻأʵ޷룬Ϊ֮ɡ
֮ɡ
ԣδɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻйϸʱŶ顭ЩѾȥ̫ǿߡ
һ̧ͷԶӣһʱЩǿߣʧˣʧζЩûκ
δü٣ȻЩ̫žǿߣħ𣬶һܹӹΨһ

ҡҡͷתЩ̫ǿߣҲû
ʲô
ԣδ벻΢΢һ㶣ôܣϸʱѾȥôˣȻڵʱҶ֮٣λܻڣʵǣ޷롭
֪֮дɣʵΩ޵֮ȣ޵סԻ档
컺˵ţδ΢΢һ䣬桭Ǵ˵еħ֮أ硣
˵ޱ޾գн޳һ˹棬ħһܹѣȻ֮ͨҲãҲգ˹棬ٳ

쿴ЩǿߣǺܿܣʱ˹棬񡭡
ô
δüһȲʵ
ͷ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷҲֻҵĲ룬һɡҪ򿪹磬ķӡŦܱ˼䡣
ЩδеЩȻ˫ü΢΢һСʵ򿪡
һԶɽ࣬˵ЩѾʧ̫ǿߣ
⡭
ԣδһ䣬ˣЩ̫ǿ߱ڹֻ֪꣬Щһֱӻɣֱӵµڶ١
תͷ˵Щֻҵļ룬δȷʵˣδ룬ڵǣһΣҪ˼䣬ұ㽫Ϻ߰ɡ
˵꣬һУϡֻħʱ£͸һɼǿĲϢ


1566 
ֻߴħԼδ벻΢΢һ˵һˣô졭
ֱڣδ붼֪ݣҲǵãɽϣ˵Щгһգĳ֪Ϊ棬顭
Ȼ治飬ֻ뵽Ͼ˼֮ˣӵͽܣʱ͵һִ֣֪Լݣֻ´Ӵˣֶ֮һҡ
ΪҶ˽⣬ݣôˣ֪ݺ󣬱㡭
ġ
ԣδæҡֵģ˵Ϊңȥʴ֮أȥ˹ɽ磬ֹɽ磬ȥɽȥʲô֮أȫΪ˸Ҵɽ¶
ż͵ӣ첻ҡͷһЦ㰡ֻ˵һ䣬û˵꣬⣬㻤پ䣿Ȼãסģ㿴Сʱô㡭
ػδ뵹Ǳ˵Щ˼ˣͷټ˵ˣֲ뵽ǰճǼ꣬ʱԴ䣬ɱսءΪֹìܣÿÿб˵ʱǵһվػܶҲãҲգκ˵Ĳá
ʱԶȻһϢ߶δ볯Ϣķ˿ˡ
˵ͷţҲҪ뿪ˣˣҪĽ硭δ룬˼䣬ϴһ˵꣬һ죬ʯ׳˰С
ƿܵķǰ̹㣬ǵ𣿡
šǵá
ˡ첻ٶԣһ˲ʧԭأһϢҲû¡
δ뿴ǰϺҲԥָֻܻصʯУһֽ̧ʯս
δ롭
һԶӰҴææδüһ㷴ôˡ
޷ҩʥǰĵҩѾް
һ˵ţһϸ۲Χδɣ˵ǻȥɣղ׷ʱѾˡ㣬ôˣ
ḧӣϸ˵ղʱΪˣһɲǣͻȻúİҵʱ룬㻹ǲǴǰǸδ롭
δüʱôΣܹ˵Ϻ˵
֪
ǰһᱧ֪𣿵º˵˵һţڷ򶾵һ˲䣬ҸоҸջȴˡ
ҡ
˵ţδҲֻеһᣬʱԺ棬ֻһգš
һľһδһɻħԹ˴Ӵ˷¶ƫδգһö򶾵Ρ
δ룬ӦҡԺ󣬲ҪˣˣҶȻҲֻ޾հ档
š
һ̣˱øˣδ۽ǣҲˮ𣬵ֻ꣬Ƿһö򶾵Щ꣬˶·
ˣطȵˣҲӦˡ
Ҫ
δһ̧ͷʱϮطҲ˼һɲοЩţòײŶЩƫʱȥҲطȵ鷳ǡ
οңҴ⣬һΡδ룬ġ
ţ
δһϲһؿڣţ۾ص˯ʱ䣬ҺһܳܳΣμɽϵһ񣬹˺ö꣬ö꣬ڱˡۣһۿˣ㡭Ӱٻ߹ĵطѩҲˣѩ֮£ʢİٻ

ϺȻС꣬˿ڶϣģδ̧ͷС꣬ȻЦ绨һ³˷ɻɡ
ɡΧлӰ裬˿̵꣬·һһЦɡǣ֣ǰȥ
Ҫ𣿡
δ̧ͷʵʵ룬ٶһҪôͣˡ
ҡҡͷǱҶźˣξϮҵı죬ȥɡ
ţ
Ƭ̺챱ɽҺô˴δ޶ǱѾûˡ
ü˵ö׷ƴģ֮ǰ֪𽾹һȥ޶ڡ
޶ڡ
δü΢΢һ֮ǰʱ歷Ѿ飬һҲ֪ε飬ԼЩ꣬˼ľ䡣
޶ڵķȥ˵˴޶ڲԶǹȥ
š
һ޶ڣյһţȴĿ꣬ط⵽ƻҲˡ
ϡϣ
ƵĹ㳡ϣʱǰѦ޹ˣҲ뼸λϸ˳
ϡδ빬
š
ܱǽ壬üʵطأ
Ƕˡ
Ѧ޹˫üտڵ֮ǰյ촫ϢѾǰˡ
Ҳա
ʱҲûȥ׷ˣʱһƴһӰ˳ˣѪ߰ߣȴǿ塣
ȥһ̾޶ڵλ̫ϣλѱ䣬Һñߵû⣬ɸصĺ
˿塭ϡ
ˡ
ûжԣ̧ͷЩԥ˵ʲôȴֹδ뿴己¾Ļƣѱȡ˽ͻԼá
ԣһճһ̾δ빰˹֣лһ
Ѧ޹㿴ȥ˵ʱصģЩʱգһ

뿪޶ںķȥˣһ·ϣδʼ³ʵôˣղŴ޶ڳҿһֱʲô飬˵
ͣȻδǹ޶ںͱ𣿻졭

ҡҡͷδ˫üһʲô£
һķȥ֮ǰڵֿ췣ʱһ˲䣬ͻȻӦ
ӦʲôδȲʵһ̣Ҳ𽥱ý
תδ롭ҵ٣Ҫˡ
١
ԣδɫһףʱֻеһת˫Ҳһºˣ૵ôᣬôᡭҲŸոǺòײżţΪʲôΪʲôô졭
δ룡
һֽסˣ˵δ룬£ֻôһ˲䣬΢Ӧѣδص֪˵һᵣģҲ˵Ļֻһֱȥ֮Ҫģûµġ
û𡭡
δɫɷףʲô֪ܲܲ£ǽ˥֮١
ΪٻͻȻѵѵӣӵ˵ֻжʮޣѵΪѾʮ


1567 ħѱ
δʱȻ¶ɫ˵δ룬㲻صģӦģδر٣οǣҲ޷ֻǱѰһЩѡ
ǡ
δԾüĽɫ˵ʲôȴ˵Զ࣬˵ʵǰʦ˵һ;Уķɣ⣬ÿ֮ˣһҪؽ١֤
˴ͣͣתǰȻüĻδ룬˵鴨֮УǶɲ٣ΪɳǶɹ˽٣һԾֱϾ졣
֪
δ˼ˣȻЩ̫ǿҲǣѰֻȴ֪һУһûܶɹֻ±ѻΪ
ֵβõķ룬Ҷɹ˽٣Ȼ̤һ硭δ룬֪ȥɽ磬ǰǰǿ߶£жµʦŮ̫̫࣬Ȼȥ˵
š
˻صʱĺɫʱ֣üͽߺ͹˼ȴѾ뿪ˡ
֮ǰϮʱֻԶԶһüͽһ仰Ҳû˵ϣʱ棬ЩȻʧֻˣѡ
ϣ
˻ӭ΢΢ͷڿһ£δ˵ʹ˻޶ڣҲٶԣʵλǰںδ
ǰȥ·ˣҪЩʱգĻȡ
š˵ͷδ뿴ȥδ룬ǹȥ
á
£˱ȥ·ϣδڴţվ濴һƬ̣תδδ룬߰ɡ
뿪һ·ϣʵЩ֪λǰʲôˣӽյοƺԷʶǸؾġ
ʱδȻڵ˼ķֹܲһ
˵ģ

δͣ˽Ųһ̣ʮأ˵˵ķ֮ʶһ˺񣬶һɡߣҲд˵ķ
ŴԣҲһ̣Ժﲻ˶ǰʱֻŵĵӣǴβμŻ֮ʱи̨Ĺˡ
ǹ̨˵ЩϷԣ˵ʱڳ֮棬ضħˣһߵĻǵʱָ֮ˣֻ˭
ѵ飿Ӧáܵʱٰ磬ħ
˼Ƭ̣˵᲻ǡطȣ
ӺܶǰʼԲطȵûкøУطڼɣΪĴ֮һʱȴ׺ɱһǧŹһֱħŶй֮޲

δҡҡͷ˵Ҫ֮УضǼΪ֮ˣطȵ£Ȳ˵ˣ֮ʱаһǲطˡ
ԣ˼δøȫ뵽ǲطȣƫƫǲطȣԽɵˣԽпܡ
뵽˴һ̾ƺ֮ϣҹĻᴹǵħħ䣬ħѱ档

ʱԶȻһѭȥֻһӰ˹ȴ֮ǰ罧˵£Żδˣ㲻罧˳
¡
δ뿴ʱ歷æҲʱڣЩֻ֣˵˺ܶʱ򣬾ǽһ
£˻δã罧ˡ
ȥɫЩ԰ףһЦû˵ˣ罧ƶˡ
δһЦǣ֣ˣӦǺúϢŶԡ
Ŀϣδ˵ϴǱߣ޼ˣҽʥҩʥλǰ
һ£ǰѾ˵ˣӣЩĹ壬Ҳˡ
˵˵ţѾˣһ£ƺ֮
ʱ䣬ѾЩ꣬ǹɽ飬߻δˡ
ÿÿĶ֮ħɽձ˱꣬ԸǸħЩ£δȫעźһҲ·ʱԼҲڳһ
Ȼ֮ǰɾ棬ѪսɽЩ£ȥ̸ˣᵽ˼䣬Ϊϲ˼䣬㽫֮ȡΪ˼䡣
Щڹɽľ˵ˣʵδĵģǸɾ棬Ů
δ룬˵ɶʲô
ʵڣҲ̫ɶǺΪ˵֮飬δĸ顣
ô֪ߡ
δһͷתһԣװ״ʵδ롭ôˣ
ߣ
δعͷߵڣֶһã㵽׻жٸã
⡭
룬˵ֻɶ𣿡
δߵ֮ǰ켫и˼ҿǰͲܻȥһء
𽡭Ҳ𣿡
ߡ
δ뽫ͷһתһֻعͷʵˣǸζô£ǵĹϵƺñȴǰҪˡ
ɲҪ̫ˣǶɾͽܣҲԺļ̳ˣҿûʲôϵֲ֮ˡ
û˵á
δ߽һЩϸ˼Ƭ̣˵ֻҸղ˵ţܸоζֵֹģʲôɸ˵ܣͺʦãǧһ


1568 ɽ֮
ҡҡͷδ룬̫ˡ
δ˫üһ˵ʲôʱȻһ磬磡硭
ɶˡ
תȥֻɶ˽һϣ硭ҵҲ㣬ԭ
ɶôˣ
ɶոһµΣμˡףδ㣿
ʱɶע⵽Ļδ룬δ뿴˿ֿ˿һЦɶ

ɶС˹ȥδḧ˸ӣôɰˮһã˭ϲأʵɶղ˵μˣôˣ

ԣɶһ£ϵЦҲһʧˣɶɶ棬ˣҪɱ磬Ǻ
ţ
ЩһЦδʱȴԵʮ棬üʵɶɻǵãξֻ𣿻ûбˣ
š
ɶͷСҲǵˡ
һδһЦ˸ӣû£ֻζѣɶҪ£δڣûܹ˺ģ̇ͷĿ˿
ţ
ԣɶҲתΪϲʱȻɶ㣬ɶ㣬ҽȥһĵط

ɶһ䣬磬Ҫȥһ˵ţһѸȥ·ղŵجΣһ֮Ժˡ
ɶȵȡ
Ҫסδû£С׿ţǲµġ
߿ߣȻʦˣǾͳȥˡ
ֻ棬͵͵˵ʲôԽԽСǰʱСѾͷһ𣬽첻֪Ҫܵȥˣ
ãˣδŻعͷղɶԡ
ʵղһɶ˵Щʱ͵زһ£ʱ뵽ˣ᲻εйء
û£֮ǰڹɽʱЩɶӰʱجΣҲ֡
˴ͣƬ̣ż˵֪գǰǱΣȥ·忴ɡ
ʱڹ·֮ϣص棬ʩϣָһһƺӷĬңͷ˳
Һֻƣֻаʱ䣬ǧƣҲûа취ˡӿָĺɫƣ˵
ĬңɫЩ԰ףЦЦյʥȻ鴫
ԣĿһԭߡ֪ҵˡ
ĬңЦЦ˵Ǵ£ҸӦϢûˡ
š
Ŀ΢΢һǴ壬澳˶ԸǺĬңͻȻûг֣ðĺ˻ĵ˷ˣȻȴû뵽һΣûĺ˻ĵ˷֣÷Ĭңˡ
һӲֵ϶֮һȴΪҪ죿
ĬңҡҡͷǲԸ£˵ϣûзˣֻзĬңҰװˡ
ԣҲټ׷ˣǰλߣҲһԸ°ɣһصʦȴĳˡ
Ƭ̣ӲֵգƺԼƺΪߡĪǡ

ĬңͻȻһݣһ̣»òſڵʱߣʵǾĵһţǱ˼꣬ĿıǲڰзѸɣʹ˼ɱ˴˲ɣ
ԭˡ
һأҲˣΪգĬңҪͬھһֻϧ˵Ϊʵ̫ɲˣһ䱾𣬸

ʱͻδ˹·壬ȴصֻпһˣĬңʵǰأ
߲á
ˣüһ￴˿ʵ֮ǰûʲô
ʱӲŻһͻδ˹һ˵֮һķߣľġߡ
£ӱ㽫˵ˣ֮ͻδ˼飬ȻСľˣû뵽ǣλǰȻŵķߡ
ңȴû뵽Ȼ֮һ
ŴҶһ̣Ժֻ˵ʱǸ·˯ؤ
ϣŶԹԹϣˣȻŵˣʱ֪ԷŵˣֻΣ

ȥʱ䣬½Դòˣֻʱ죬һѹֵĸо
˿̣亹乣췣£ûиӦһΣĽ١Ҫˡ
Ҫһطɽ٣ط棬Ȼʮǿɽ١
һεĽ٣ʮٽʱܻܲס˸ǳܲסҪһ֮ضɽ١
ѰҶɽ֮飬ǰѾȥˣգҲûˡ
һζɽ٣򲻿ɳ⣬ֻΪͻʧô򵥣ġ֮١


1569 
ʱֹȥգһգصѾܹԸܵٵϢԽԽˣ뾡ҵһɽ֮Ӧ١
һεĽ٣ͬضҪѡһ֮أ˳ɽ٣Ԫŵ󿪣ؼӿ˴Ҫɽ٣ҲҴطС
ʱɽ֮ҪԿ٣㣬ԶԿ٣ϴɾħ̨棬ʱǸǧ۵ħ֮ħ»ҷ
һεĽ٣ʱȶɾžŰʮһ٣ν֮žؽ١ϴڹɽ磬ɵġž١ҲǾžؽٵһ֣ϴηھͲôһ㣬ձˡ
ʵףžؽٸ㲻ʲôСĽ٣žؽҲɲԿ֮
Ƕڷ˶ԣžؽȴʮҲʮֿµĽ٣ǧܹ˳ɹžؽٵķˣ֮١
һЩߣǸӦԼžؽٽʱΪ¶Ҷɽ٣ǿҵ취ܽ١һһҲͷˣպҲûκοͻƾ硣
е˲ʾʹֹѡӦ٣ܹ˳ɹžؽٵģ֮٣Ƕɹ˽ˣӴ̥ǣ̤֮УԪټ֮
ûܶɹģõģΪɢɣպûԵ컯ȻԼõģǻҷ³
ÿ˵ľžؽٶһЩôģĵǣЩ̫࣬Ҳʱ޿̲ڿ죬һΣӹɽһϣһε顣
в˶ڶһһ֪ҪɾžؽٵĻ֮١
һ֪Ҫɽ٣ʱض֮ǰɱ룬һУ񵱳ڹɽ磬Ҳѡڷڶɽ֮ʱǰȥҡ
飬Թˣκ˶ĵ˶ɽٳɹƵȥһѡڶԷҪʱû롣
Ӷɽ֮ʱҲǲ¶ɽ֮أȻű͵Ϯ¶ɽʧܣ̫ˡ
˵ˣҲ⣬֪ĳнҪɽ٣Ҳһ˶ɽ֮ʱͻȻɱȥô˻ᣬ䳹׳ȥ
һΣףҪٵˣǾ֮ϵ׽٣ǹЩǿУԼЩڰҪ첻֮ˡ
ʱصȻнŲվȥȴδվſڣ˫ü΢е֮ɫ
δ룬ôˡ
ҹ
δһ˵ţһصȥĴ˿˵Ҹոտǻˡ
˹ȥ˵û£㲻ҪģȻҵɽ֮ˣһΣҶɽٳɹ
˵꣬δתҺ¡ħ棬飬ĺ˻ģ졭
ʵֹǻδ뵣ģһЩҵԼĶɽ֮أ֪
Լȥɽ٣ʱ򶼻ϴɾһٻգģ֮أпܻЩҵ
û£δ֪Ҫɽ١
˿ֻ̣οδ룬ԴѶ֮죬Ƶ˼һˣһĻȻ˲ɽ߱Ҳ˵עˣȨ֮£ѡȻУ֮
һнŲ֪ǰˣתȥ𽣬ɡ
ǡ
Ƭ̺󣬰˽δҲڣ˹ֵδ빬
š
δ΢΢ͷʵ𽣬˴λѾҵɽ֮ˣ
ҵһ֮أԪŵأޱõĵطˣǸطʮǰȥ
Ŷ
δ΢΢һʵ
ЦЦЦ˿¶ЦݣǵˣֻȥȻЦݣϿˣǸط
˵ǡ
Ŀ΢΢һѵǱߣС׺׺֮ء
Ц֮ء
֮ء
δ΢һ˼ʱˣ˵֮أײϣףڲϵ١ȷʵ
֮ǰҲû뵽ǰÿζǵñȽȫ˵ʮֿ£ﱾһΣԣЩΣգҵΣգǾͲֵһˡ


1570 
ãһΣȥ󡣡
ʱѾٶǣԣԪŵأûٱõĵطˡ
ףÿڲ٣˷ֲˣһ˵㵽ʱ֪ɽ٣׺ʮףֳϹŽƣҪҵȥң
ʮǰǴΣȥΪ֮۵ȥ;ǧϢȥ
ǧδǴΣҲԵɺϣһԨ£ҵһϹɹȣһƺ
Ԩµɹȣһ֮أȫ㹻ɽ٣Ԩףǿȥ٣ˣҲܵģһΣҪϢж˷֡
ҹʱѾȥ׼ˣδ˫ü΢ǻʲôǡ
ȻüĲչʵδ룬ôˡ㻹ڵ𣿸ղŰ˵ò֮أȻ׿ֲףҲڲҵ٣˷֡
֪
δ˵ͷǴżɫʵΪλģ
δһȥˣãתԼ뷨˵˳
֮һΣҲü̫Σˡδ룬һҪ𣿡
δû˵ֻ˵ͷ¹˽ϣ񾲶á

֮һн׼һ˾һ𣬹ʮǰȥİ
ΪǱע⣬һΣҪαװ̶ӽ룬
ָŵͼıǣϴɶȥ˻ĵͼЩ꣬׷ȥ飬˶ǱߣҲȽϤ
һƬϹ֮أƹԶԪ򣬵ԪŨܶطΣգҲһЩΣյϹޣ˶һЩΣ֮أߣҲȥ
ǱߣԪȷħ֣֮һʵΪ飬Щ¼ʵһִ顱˲и·ԼΪЧ
Щ꣬ǰпһһΣ׷鱨
šССǡ׺ɲຣ
СȻСԣƬֻۣСĵطѰߵ˵ĵط
ЩطеĺͶ½ǱߵħڣһΣգҲеĳأһЩϵ
ȥĿȷݾߣע⣬顣
֮һѾαװ̶ӣ˳δע⣬Ҳƽÿ춼Ѫɱ
ֹգһѾ׺ֻǰһƬޱ޾ȫ֣֮Уʱʱ£ʮֿ¡
Ȼֻ棬ȵƬ֮ʱӿ¡
ɶ·ߣѭŵļ䣬֮󣬱
գ׺֮ڸ˶𣬰֮У粻£⸽ɽʯԳʽڣҲѳѺۣûа
ϡСġ
𰻤ңʹߣⲻ״УЩףΪٸ֮ˣҲС
ܿ죬ѭŵļ䣬Ѿڵ£ʹѾȥʮ꣬¸Ȼɢ뵳±ߣһɲԨȣԨȣǴֵϹɹȡ
Ǿϱ߰ɣظȥ
·˿˿Ȼɽٵģ赲٣١
ϡСġ
ЩģȻףڲס٣¶ܱ֤Բ⣬ǰȻδκ˷֣ɽٳɹ֮ǰԲġ
šԺȥˣᴫǣҲҪСģףʮ
˵꣬ԥһԾԨȵȥˣҲϴһԨȵʱ·˻գٴʱǰѾﻨ㣬ľʢˮ죬һʧϹɵء
˴棬ʹٽ£Ҳڲס˵ǶɽٵĲ֮أһ̣˫üһƵ֮ɫԽΣԽһʧϵɫȴء
Ƭ֮ԥϥ£תԪʼӦֻٽ¡
һ֮ԭʵɹȣȻܲɹȣΪƸǣ⸽ޣҲӦΣգɢߡ
¡¡
ѾʼĿһ㻤ľһɲǣһ֮Ϊκš


1571 
¡¡
ʱ澳Ϸ㰵ܲؼǵֹʮֵĿ¡
ĵǶ̻̲˵ЩΪǳѰӣǳǣ⼸Ǳ˶źһʱ̶еϢѡ
ֻϺƱգħʱֻмλΪϸߵĳϣԼ΢˾˾˻ܱˣĵӣЩ඼Ѿʧ
λˣؾչѾ࣬󲻶ϣѾ߲ע⣬տ
ʱһصֻ΢˾ֶվ뷢׵ߣһ˵б䡣
ʲô
ԣ߾ɫһ䣬˵ؾƵϸǱޱֻ֣λڲ
췣Ҳ֣Ϊ΢˾ȴ˵бҪֻ֪ɲ˵ġ
΢˾תһɲǣ˫۾ûµҹ䣬ǰߣҲɵ΢΢һѾãûм΢˾ˡ
˾ǱΣ
֮ʱ΢˾֪ʱѾǶ˵ǰ̧ͷ˵˾Ǳ߲ʲô󶯾
Ҳ̫󶯾
΢˾Ŀ΢˫ָ󣬵˵ţǰ߶һۣȴ֪仰ʲô˼

ʱ̫ؾؾѪǰ̫ӡؾˡ亮ˣ˸ԷһöѪ˿ֻϥĬˣؾ֮УȻһɿֲȻмӿ
ͬʱ˵ĶͷǰȻһѪӡһѪӡȻӡüģһɲǱʧˡ
һ˲䣬ͬʱ˫֮ͫУһѪɫâܿ죬ָ糣һֻ̣ϼ⸽壬ǰֹɭȻĸоؾѪҲʧˣһŨ
ˡ
亮˺ؾ̧ƣĴӡԼһϼ⣬˵ϲá
̫ɫ糣˫ִӵ˫ϥϣ˵֮ǰ˵ڣűħһԹԣ޹Ϊħ
ԣ亮˺ؾ˽ȥһأȴŲˣԭһ;У谭Ҳǵ֮ʱǸξЩһֱǣ衣
һΣ辶ħ֮֮ǰµѪʵԻƵĻȻ˵ƣк죿
̫ӵ˼һУɱˣҲ£ؼǿҪʹѽֻҪĲΪħ֮
ǷΪˣ
Թħ;ħ޴ڣⲻ֪ѾħȻ
ݣ
ʱؾ棬һʶһɲǱӡ̫ü֮С
⴦ؾзӡܹʶֱڣʶˣһΪ֮ˡ
ʦ֡
Աߴ亮˺ؾ˻ϲõУǰ̫ʦҲع亮ʵʦôˣΪͻȻ࡭
̫Ŀ΢΢һһ̣׹⸡֣һһڶɽ١
ʲô
亮˺ؾ˾һ㶣ֻ̫ɫԽԽ£һأҲ
ںδɽ٣
亮˺ؾҲʱ룬ΪǼߣȻڵͻ谭ô˳ɽٹֻԶԸ
졭
̫Ŀһǰ˶һۣһɲǣ˽Բԥͬʱüһ㣬ȻԪ֮ҲҪ˴˿ںδ
һ̣Ҳƽĳ֮ѻܲðִţʱ˵ʶƸǣ󡭡֮
ҵˡ
Ȼ䣬һɲǣ̫ӵøӺˣȻ뵽ȥɽ٣ףڲ٣ֻϧһӲˣʦˣҲȲ㣡
ȵȡ
ʱ亮˺ȻɫһһĿǰ̫ʦ֣˺Ƭ̣Сʵʦ֣Ҫһ䣬һСǷ뵱֮йأ
Ȼ̫ɫһ¾ͱ·̼һ㺮˪Աؾ˶ˣϴ̫ʦ˵ǲҪˡ
һ£˷룬̫ʦȻĪôͱضǣ̫󣬼ˣʦֲǣڱǡ
Ȼ亮ˣȴһһΣ׷ʣʱؾһ˵ɫʾҪˡ
亮ȴȻҪ֪꾿˺£̫ʦ˲˵ʵꡭˣ硭̫ʦֿۿҲˣ
סڣ
Ȼ䣬̫˪ϵ˵飬ǲҪˡֻҪСסôһУͶˣǶ
̫ʦֶŭˣؾһԲ亮ʾ⣬գ亮Ҳˣǰ˼⡣

¡¡
֮أһףϳԨȵȥǸһУԷΪ˽̿⾿ף٣ȷʵԷֱ档


1572 Ԥ
ȥʱ䣬ʱϵѾǿֻ࣬Ҫٶɹ󼸵٣žؽ٣˳ɹˡ
ļ٣ʮֿ£뾲񣬱Ԫһܵκһ˿ţ֮£ٲ
ȻһɲǣȻеһ󲻰ֻôݵƬʧ񣬸֮ϣ׽˲ϢϹźľޣֱ˺Ѷ
ٷͬһ㣬һ˿һķ񣬷һرٴûҷ

ʱ֮⣬Ӱźۣٶޱȣף޷ϡ
˲Ǳˣǰ̫ˣ˿ӰȻ˵ı𣬶Ƿ
Ϣܽˡ
˵Ϊѷǰɱȣǵɱȣת˲֮䣬Ѿ
֮ڣٽ£ϸѰҡ
̫䣬˫һɷӡʶѰ֮Ѱ⸽Ϣ
ȻҲϢȴҵϢΪڣϢΪ˲ı£ҪϸѰҲȫҲ
Ƭ֮ؾ̧ͷϷȥü˵ϷһԨϷ
ߣ
̫Ӹԥһ˲չϷٶȥ
ľ룬˶ԣָɲǣܿ죬˱һԨϷֻףԨȥ̫һݣȻһؿζɽ٣
ݣ
ʱȻһƬ亮˲һԪ磺ʦСģ
ţ
̫һ䣬ȴ⸽κˣһȣԪˮк⸽ɽʯʱ÷飬ҹӰʮˣʱƵ
ϡ
䣬ʮ˷ɢ˿⸽Ѳ󷨣֮ʥǿߣóȻҲлҷΣա
ʦСġ⸽н󷨣
ؾһ·˸ϢԷҲϵǻǰﲼ󷨣
ߣ
̫һߣǿ󷨣һ̧ӿз֮ƣɿƲɵ
¡¡
׺Ȼ£亮˺ؾ˽΢΢һǿףʦ̫ðˣҲûа취һ±߶ɽ٣ֻʣ󼸵٣һô˳ɽ٣ʱ¶Է±㲻ôˡ
˼⼰ˣ亮˺ؾҲԥһ˲ȥ˺ףֵסˡ
Ԩȸ˽΢΢һ˵Ϊ˿ֲ
̫ӣѷǵɱˣôܣ˵ΪôһӾǿ֮ࣿ
ѵıδ빬˵ˣˣ˲ͬѰķһ֮ڱ
¡¡
ɽҡֹ̫ǿ֮£Щ쾫ĲµĽ󷨣Ȼôˡ
ǣ
һ̣ԥӰһ˲ʧˣҲʧˣһ˲䣬ѳУ͵س̫ӹȥ
ƾǣ
̫һӣһɿֲӿһ·ʱʯɣҹӰٿ죬ȴԵ˿ֲֻһ˲䣬˳ȥ
ҹӰóǰɱӲʱҹǻܽҹɫΪڣ̫һڸ¶Էǿгȥ΢һ㲻ԷǿֲеĻض˶
ߣ
̫һߣ亮˺ؾһ̤ǰʶһɨ㿴Ԩȵڶɽٵ
¡
һ죬ֻ֮ϣһ׽ٳԨȥ亮һס̫ӣ̫ʦ֡Сģ
š
̫΢΢һԨȵ£Ǿٶһ٣һ
һ׽ٹȥ֮ʱֻһ˲Ԩȵ·ȥ亮˺ؾ˶һۣҲһ˲ȥ
취סǡ
ԨϷһۣҲһԨȵ·ȥҪӲĻǲ̫˵Ķ֣֮ƣֻܽףסˣһ̣һ̡
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磬ֳԨȻȴ赲ˣ̫Ѹƽȥ
һһΣ˭㣡
̫׹⣬Ȼڿһ˲䣬ԷȻ·ڵһ㣬͵һָ˹
ʦ֡Сģ
亮˺ؾ˽һһָ˵顱һ̫µĲӰǺһʯ÷顣
ƾҲɱ
˿ֻ̣䵭һ˵ţһ߾վ˫һˣΧʱУһɼǿϢҲ͸˳


1573 
ߣ
̫һߣһɱӰ˲Ϣһ˲䣬Ҳͬ࿹䣡һƶϣʱضɽҡףɲɲ
ֻһƣ̫ӱԷΪǳ˴ӹɽΪȷʵ࣬δڶɽ٣ѾĹ󣬿ûô׶Ըˡ
ߡϧղӣ
̫һŶԷǰΪ٣ѾĹ󣬴˿ֲ˿أһһʽ֮䣬ȫȻǳɱ
Ȼɱһ˲䣬ȻӰһɳɷ̫һ˲䷴Ӧ˹ԾһӰȫ֣Ȼ˹
飡飡
죬Ȼ̫Ӽʱƣ乥ΪסҲͻĺӰһѪӿֹˡ⡱ȥһ·ɽʯҲɿֲ÷顣
ɷɷɷ
ת˲֮䣬ӰֹǺӰӴȫ֣̫ӿ嵽ʲôȴܹܵõ֮£̲ŵĿֲ
ʦСģ
亮˺ؾһû뵽һŪ˿ֲĹ档
飡
˸һƳӰȥȻΪƾȻҲ޷Ӱκ˺ϵĺ޷ɢ
⡭
˽һһ˲䣬ӰѾֲҪݻǰһһɽʯƬƬѣԨȣ֮ҲѿѺۡ
䣡
һ죬Բɣʱ̹Ԩȱþһʯ
ֻ̫Ѫڣ֪ǶʲôҲһ˲ǿƾ˫ֵ֣סӰĳ
ȻӰ̫ǿƾһˣԵֵʱ£ӲĵҲˣڲȥһ·ĵ棬Աȵ÷ˣ̹
һɲǣǰһ佣Ϯȴɽһն˹
ʦֵģ
ߴ亮˺ؾɫһ䣬ͬʱ֣Žɱ̫ӵǰɽ˻ȥּ֮ףʱҲ˲ôˣֻҧ⣬һھѪ˫ǰ˸ӡһüĵȥһɲǣ˵ǿ
飡飡
˶Ѫ֮ǿӰֵס˿ҲѪڣ̫ǿһۣȻǵסȥԸ
䣬̫˿ԥһ˲ֳȥʱԶ˽ɫһ䣬ˡ
ԭǰǻδ磬ЩϧԪףΪ˽̫˴
ʱصһȻüĲչʵδ룬ôˡ㻹ڵ𣿸ղŰ˵ò֮أȻ׿ֲףҲڲҵ٣˷֡
֪
δ˵ͷǴżɫʵΪλģ
δһȥˣãתҵǲģҸӦǱ죬ֻ̫ˡ
ԣҲһüһ˿â򴰱ȥҹĻһ̫ӺҸĸһûȥǱұǲˣҲҪ»ҷ𣡡
ɵϡ
δһЦӣ˵ȵҪ˱ˣء
δ롭
ˣ˱ȻҲضа취ҵ㣬ҲգԵʱݳģȥ
С̫Σˣδ룬㡭ҺòײſȥΪðա
ӡ
δһЦӣ˵֪ϲģʲô𣿡
һ̣֪ΪΣǱʲôסһѹܣ˼䡭һֱǵãϲģ˼ˣ˵һգҪ˼ٻʢԶٵл
δһЦϣص棬ɽϵһһֱ˯ţ˭ҷģֱܾúܾԺҲнŲۣһۿˣ㡭
Ȼ㣬˵˼䡭Ȼңϲ˵ϲ
ӣûи㣬ϲģ㰡

δ˫̫ˣҲԷκζߣǻˣʹ뵽˷ҲδܹɹʩչǱòһ۷һ۾ͻᱻ̫ӵʶ
䣡
ʱԨȵ£죬̫ӹԽԽͣϺڻδûܷɼǿˣЩ˱Ѫ֮Ĵ亮˺ؾϵġ
ûϺδֻһ˶Ը̫ӣЩգΪףֶԿסѾ̫Ԫʱ״̬ҪԸ̫ӲѣЩ
飡飡飡
˿ֻ̣̫׹棬Ʋϳδ빥δƾһÿνƾһƳܿ˶ԷĹƣʱ̫һʵ˭ɱ
֪һε飬Ȼûô򵥣̫Ϊױҵ󣬱ȻǱֻĻ֮˾˭
ǹ׶㣬ѷҺһΣǰ뵽ˣݳģ˹ҵĶɽ֮أ룬ֻĻʹ֮ˣҪɱô򵥡


1574 Ľٻ
̫ɫ˪׹⣬һȻδ˫һ֮ӲһУɫɵȻ˵ǰʼͱ֣Ŷ̶£ȴ̤˲еľ磬˵һΣ˭ġ
ԣ̫飬һ±úˣЩ飬ǲ֪ΪãһιԹ־ܣܱһ
ǣҪʧˡ
δ˼ݣȻ鲻򵥣˵ʱ˫һ䣬һԡѨӿ顱һ̫˳ȥ
̫סκ˾žؽ٣ỹԣ
һɲǣƺʶʲô˵һ͸ˣôôãȴٽ¡
ϸϸȥԵɣδһ˲ֹȥʱԶһĽ棬δ빬ףѾĲԪ˿ֻ¶̫ˡ
˱˴˶һۣһ˲䣬ֳȥؾ˲ɱϮʦС󣡡
ߣ
̫һߣһɲǣѪ֮ʱȫѪ֣Ȼħƹһ˲ǿԪһ𣬰δѱɿµ˳ȥ

һ佣Хδѩʱ磬һ̫ӴȥϺǣ̫˫һ͵ؽסˡ
һֻ̣˫Ѫ죬£Ԫһһɿֲӿ顱һδδܣһ˳ȥʱһѪӿ
Ȼһ
̫ɫ࣬һ̣סϺĴ亮˺ؾǶȻһʦ֡ôˣ
˲һ
ʲô
ԣ亮˺ؾ˸һһ˭һˣǶмˣ
Ǻǡ
δȥǵѪ̫ӣڲŷӦǲЩ̫ˡ䣬һ컨ֱԭӡ
ԭ㡭
һ̣̫øӺˣںߣ亮˺ؾ˽һǰǾ˿ûпߡ
λʦܣڴˡȥ
̫ɱ֪˿̾ˣô亮ؾסȥҵһһȶԷɽٳɹֲֻ
µ˲䣬ֻһԨϷȥһɲǣȴδָһĻһ½С

ʱҲٴη˹ƵĻĵܹ̫𡭡
δΣҲȥɽ٣ֻ˫ֲסӡĻʱøŨˣ̫ӲС
ޱߣúôһɡ
δ£ָһһöٻԻղһµơ
ƾҲסң
ʱǲ㻨֮УȻ̫ӵͳֲɫһ䣺ġ
δ䣬ֻ䡱һ죬ǲ㻨̫ǿƿˣһɿֲһ½ҹӰ˽˳ȥ
ʦ֡
Զ亮˺ؾ˽һֻ̫üԼԼѾһɫĹӡȻȸղŸǿ֮࣬˸е
Ȼ
δ˫һ̫̫ˡΣô뿪Ԩȡ

ʱĶɽ֮أףԴֻУⵣδ롣
δ롭ңϾ㡭
¡¡
ֻôɲǣһֲʱԶħ쳣Ҳ΢΢ɫСӣڻҷģˣ
¡¡
ײ£ٴ⣬ϥãԪһΪκţҲȴ
ٴαԪһԶħҲ˿ҹӰȫȥ˻δǱߣΪһ֣
ʱٲ£һʼ󣬵һ棬ȻѪ⣬ħһ֮ˣһ۱㿴⣬žؽ֮УѪ⣿

֮£ɫɷףȻһƺߣħɫһ䣬ˣѵǡ
Ľٻ
νĽٻ𡱣Ƕɽ֮µģһ㲻֣Ľٻֵԭܼ򵥣Ƕɽ֮ваᣬħԼûȻɽ֮ʱЩͨͨḡֳпܲĽٻ
ֻҪԸ֮ˣڶɽ֮ʱܹԵѹסħϣħҲܽѹסײĽٻ
ҪһĽٻǻûûͷˣҲ˵ɽʧܣǶɽ֮ҲضħӴ޿ܻͷ
ˡ
ħɫһ䣬Сô£ƽֻǿģûʲôħϣͻȻĽٻ

ͻȻ֮䣬ͷһХ֮еѪ⣬ʱøŨˡ
Σħһ䣬ôȥضĽٻСӣòһǧҪʱһٲ


1575 ٻ
Ԩ棬δ뼫ȫ̫һɲǣȴȻң·ҲӦʲô
Сģ
ֻô̶ɲǼʧ̫˲Ϣ飡һ죬㻨δ뼰ʱӦ˹ȴҲδֵܵסصһ
ֻһ˳ȥһѪӿ˳ɫһ䣬Ѹǰסδ빬
û¡
δ˲ǵѪĿȻԶ̫ӣһֻ̣̫ȫѪ֣üǵӡѾȫֳղǹ֮ǿܹ֮Բ̫Ӧе
̫ʦ֡
һߣ亮˺ؾϺʱ̫ǿֲģҲ΢΢һǰͬѪΪʦȴЩ̫һ
ô죿
ҹӰ˴ʱҲˣǰ𽣬ǰΪ𰣬̫һֱӳҺķһ£ֻ
¡
δԶ̫ӣ˴ȥһԼ£һҪһ˶Ը̫ôܣ̫Ӵ˿Ѿ˿ֲʱȫʢֵܵ
Ҫ
һֻ̣δѾºľٶ˯Ҳ̫ȥɽ١
δ빬
ɫɷףȫ֣ʱֻðջδ˵ȥǣ泷ȥ
ôƾһˣסô
̫ӼҹӰЩ˳ˣ֪δҪʲôʱɱŨµһ˲䣬Ȼٳδ빥ȥ
ȻҲһɲǣֻδָһѸȥţһɳ֮˪콵٣һ˲ԨȣȻʱѾ˳ȥҹӰˣҲһǡ̶֮
̶֮ϣ⺮̶ۣ֮һֱϣ֮壬һҲų⺮̶֮ǿ
ߣ
˲䷴Ӧ⺮̶֮£ǻδ֮嶯óӣ
һ̣̫Ҳܵɱصĳ֮Ҫ룬ȴˣ̶һɲǣԻδΪģԨѾ⣬ͬϺԱ档
ԶҹӰ˻δȥǵٶǼ죬ûжٶܱǸ죬Ծû뺮̶֮۱ٶȡ
㡭
ǰһ죬ձ棬Ψһ˲չ棬ֻһ˷˳ȥˣȫ˺֮С
ʹ˳˿Ҳһ˪ղûа취һ˿ԥҲᱻ棬̶֮۵˵˵ѡ
ʱعȥֻ㺮ǣҲ޷⺮ƣֻǻδ붯ú̶֮۵ĺ̶֮ӿֲ
˼ÿһӵһ̶֮һܹصղŻδóģ˵ֻǧ֮һҲ˿Ϊ
˿̣濴˿漴ȷ⸽û˶ԥһɽ֮ȥˡ

ʱڶɽ֮أ֮£Ѫٻģʱ߻ħ֮
ԶħҲ亹û뵽ǰʮؽ٣ô٣ȥˣѵ˿̾ҪضɲĽ
¡¡
£ٻѰ֮ˣֻ׽ٻ֮»ҷ𣬶˿̣Ȼֿܹסֻ׶ɣѶĽ٣Ȼɽ֮Ҳضħຣޱߣؽ٣ʹ㣬ҲԻͷ

ֻ˫ͨ죬ͷһХһɿֲϢȥǸһУûҷ
ΪʲôΪʲô
졭죡
һɲǣԺ棬ֳָ˵ŵһĻĻΪβݵȴƫƫݲһ

ħģٿຣ޷԰Σʱ˿̣Σʱ̣Ա߻ħȴ޲ߣĽ٣ܹΨԶɣ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ɱɱɱɱɱ
ʦҪػĲǣҪҲգ
ɱɱɱ
һ˲䣬ȫٻȼ֮£˵Ļȥؽ٣ħɫ䣬ˣСԭ
ǰ֪Ĺֱ˿̣֮µĻſһС
һȴ˱Ƶ·ߣΨ£־һŻδ£жôԭصĽᣡ
а취
һ̣ħϥʹĽ˽Ҫɱһˣ˼Ƿ֮ɣҲҪػˡʦ


1576 ̶֮
ħѾ˰취٣˫ʮָһ漴֮´ȥó٣ΨԴܻǰ֮ˡ
ȻŴƽ磬˫ޣһɲǣ·ֻص˵꣬ϣͬɡ
Ȼá
ħٻʧʱϣȴʹ滺ҡ
ڣĽҲɹɹյɢȥһɲǣֻ嶥֮ڣƣϼ⣬ճŶա
ħ֪˳ɽ٣ʱҲͣʱƮȻ߳һ̣ϵϢѽӽɽоŮǿߣüģҲһӡ
ϲ˳ɹ˽١ħ𣬻˵
ղšлˡ
˹ղţ֣лħʹ˹һΣҪлԷˡ
˿̣ħȴĬȻ·գʶǰһãſڵѾãȥһգԻ㡣
ԣҲĬĽᣬδ⿪ɣꡭѲ޵ЩˣҲãطҲաѾޣҲԭ¡
ħһ̾Щһֱǵãʹģǻδˣ¸ǻٿຣʹ㣬ˣʵʺɣħҲôʹ࣬ҲĽٻ
ˣˣδҪ̹ȥ
հѻ˵֮ʱȻӦϢѸٶʱһˣδ롭˴ҴҶδˣ
ֻԶӰ˲·Ѫ߰ߣ˵ҲЩ𡭡ϡ

˵һ֮󣬺ܿ죬ͻħѾԨ棬ֻ⣬ԭȵ֮أ⸽˪ˣҲ޷ĺ

ʶ͸㺮ȿûüӳˣȻԼмĻδ룬̫ˣԼֺӰ
̶֮
ħһƬ⣬˼ֲôҪӵ޾Ŷһ޶̶ĳ֮ԨľԷӡǵ֮յȪĿδ
ϡ
ɫ԰ףȥ˵𽣬һϢƿı㣬ȰǾȳ
š
ûжԣ漴ȥһԴ˹ʱħعǺ̶ĳ֮ûôƿ
һԡ
ǰ˶һۣ˴˵˵ͷ漴ԪһƵǺ֮ϣƿ㣬óȻǿƣĻ˵δǡ
ȻȻħԣС⺮̶֮δ֮ͷųĳ֮ʹͻħôĹȻ޷ڻı㡣
״Ҳ˹ͬһƵں֮ϣɼһҲֻǱˮнûκã⳹֮֮ԶԶƿǴӹɽʮʥ֣һԡ
һʱ䣬˲˹֮£ıȷʵеڻɻûڻ٣͸ĺʱסˣǵĺȫȻɢȥҪȶãʮꣿꣿ
С
գħջ˹˫ѱ⳹֮÷ϣ˼ȥ»δڻ㣬⺮ġ
˿̣ǰԨȣȻк̶֮棬СѾͷܱ˳ף֮壬ȻǵĵħۣסˣҲɣ
ϡô죿
ɫɷף֮ǰΪֻҪˣƿ㣬û뵽ô£޲ߡ
δ롭
˿̣ǲ㺮棬кȻǱʲôݺݴһ£δ룬ֻűˣûԼҲˡ
Ȼδʩչ֮ʱûκأȻԼҲ̫κһ˿
һԡ
ֻ˫һ̧ҪǺȥȴһ±ħסˣСӣûõģѹľˣĵڣҲƲ㺮
ɫͿ֣·ʱѹȻ뵽ʲôһվϣҪȻ֮۵
֮ۡ
һˣô֮ˣõ֮۵ġ
һЩ
һ̣ԥȡ֮һף˫ֲϽӡһɳϢʱ֮͸˳
֮۵ʮֿ񱩣޷Ԧסδ֮޾庮̶ۣ֮Դ˿ֻ̣Сⱻ֮۵ɡ
СһЩ
ħҲԶյĿ֮вԽһʥըûҷ
һһ֮۵͸Ȼãʼˣһֱʱı㷽ڣˣһȴɪɪ
𡭡ϡ
ʱۣ֮˲ҿȥڣһһҹԨȵĺŻڻ̶֮֮Ҳ໥ˡ
ĵı㣬һЩֻ顱һ㳹ױˣ̫ˣʱ
δ롭
ʱ˲̫ˣһ˲ɹȥס˻δ룬δɫ԰ףȻľ޴Ҫ˵ʲôδڣ̫ȴȳϮ˹
δǣȴǽաһҲˡ
һ㺮˪ֱŻδ룬һƳ̫ӷȥ֮Ʋɵ顱һ̫ӱһƴУʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ʦ֣
亮˺ؾ˽һû뵽˵ΪѵѾ̤Ǹ磿ܡ


1577 Ʋɵ
δ롭
̫ӺȥǱߣԪһˣʱһɴ֮뻨δڣʱ̫ˣһɴ֮ҲԵɺ
𡭡뿪
δɫ԰ףȻʱһֻϣǲȥᣬ̫ˣҲҪ
ʦ֣
亮˺ؾ̫࣬Ŀ¶ɫؿ̫Ӵʱɫ䣬ɱȴòˣĿǰΣǰ˵Ķˡ
Ҳ˵뻨δ뽻սĲСֱ֮һһҹѪ֮ķɣҲĿǰֻܹգ뿪˵أȻָԪ˵
ߣ
һ̣̫ӵϣ˿ԥʱһ磬Ԩȥ
ߡ
δɣһ죬ɻɡ˲˳ȥæһδ룬˹
̫Ӵ˱ض֪飬ˡ
δʹֻ࣬Ǹղô˹һ£ѹȥĺʱӿ˻ʹȫԸһ˪
δ빬ģӲ˵ġ
˵ˣףҪ˲ĻĲҵˣҪǴ˿׷ھͺˣȻ׷˵Ķ֣ӵԶ㲻׷ġ׷
δ룬˵
ڻһֻ飬ԣȥ̫ˣ˫һʱһɴ֮뻨δڡ
һֱ֮ʱδڻָЩֻɫԾЩ԰ף˵ûˣˡ
õģӲˡ
һ˵ţһԨ濴ȥʵػδѣҲоóһ̫̫ŹˣΣŹˡ
ȥ濴
ħһԾԨȥҲڴͣɢȥ
ҹĻᴹԨ棬ֻʣˣ˵ÿζܲġ
δҡҡͷʵ٣𣿡
š
ͷ㿴֮ǰ˵һ;ǽأʵҲûô£԰ɡ
š
δһЦӣȴδ٣ô׶ɹ𡭡
ˣδ룬Ҹղʱ񿴼⸽ֵĺӰôˣ
ĴѭȴκӰӣδУˡ
ҿô
عͷЩֵĿδ͵͵һЦҧҧ촽һ£ͷţˡ
ðɡ
Ҳȥ׷ˣ֮ǰϺһ֮ʱѸٲǻδܡࡱ֮жʶǰΣգϺŻִΣҲҪ
ҹɫδղ̫ߵķ˿üüͷչ˵δ룬㲻صģһΣӲˡ
ˡ
δü΢ԨϷ˵Ҹղ㲻Ҫ̫ӣΪˣѾΪǣ̫ӴȴʮֹŹ֣Ȼ֪һЩ飬һĻ֮ˡ
󣬻δתʱſϣԼԼһԵˣһ·Ӧղֻ˵ȥˣȴûпǵЩһֱһѲĿڵĵ֮ʹ
δ롭û¡
ḧ˸ӣԨϷȥ̫ӺĸףףҲŹ
š
δ˵ͷΣͬȥ

̫֮˴ҴһصڵӼλ̫˴Ҵһǰµ󣬸ЩλǰСʵλˣ·
̫ʵȫǰԤϣֻ¾⼸ڣԷض˹ˣȻָԪ֮󣬲ܳȥӭս
˵Ҳţ׼ⷽԲڣؽƣһҪؾҲôס
ؽ޻ء
һ̣̫λŴԣɫһ䣬ѵҪˡֻһˡ
亮˵̫ʦ֣⼸Ȼؾչأؾʦ֣߻̫Ԫ顢ɽͼѹһӹɽ֣һʱҲԹƽ
ؾɫ䣬ʵڲУȥ򿪾ĹħʯķӡСӣûͷۣ
ԣλϸǱɫʱȴҶ˵ʲôֻ̫ӵ˵ͷ˵Ҫؾһأ̤̫ʥ֮Сӣ⼸գͽλʦˡ
亮˵ʦַģؾʦ֣ζ˴ؾŵʦ֡
̫ӵ˵ͷٶԣ֮ƣ̲ݻһһâ̫ؾȥ
桭ˡ
ϵļλǾѶؾػţ⼸գ΢˾Ǽǿ©κһط
ȥգ⼸Ƴѹ͸̫ʱһɿֲÿÿɽҡ
ڣڵʱȻ˼ϡϣˡ⣡⣡
⡭λȻһѾôһ˼ʵжˣ
֪źܶ࡭
ŵûʧ룬ʱ˵Щ״ˣλһ˵ȥ֪ͨ亮˺ؾˣ

ʱִҴܽӣϵĳɫһ£˵
桭桭
ҭ˵ˣһڿˮæ˵ǡһǴ򿪽ƣһƣҪѪȾ

ұߵϣһߡ顱һԵĲ輸ĵ÷飬վҵҪȥûͷۣ
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ڻ֮ʣȻһһɿֱֲ͸˽ŵ⼸һˡ


1578 
ڵؾãã͵ָ֣ǣʱؾ֮⣬·ֽ룬ֻһ£ʱǿ롣
ϣΣ
ʱ¡˷һϣվ󣬶ؾʱѾΪ֣ǿȥĻض󶯾
ǣĽҲͬСɣĸ֣ǿȻȥˣҲض˵һǧ˰١
±ߵĽƣȻǿڵλã澳ʮҪǿܾʱܻ䣬˼޹˵»
澳Ԫǧάһ΢ƽ⣬죬뿴ģƽⱻƣǷɳ롣
ԭ澳Ԫ򣬸ʱǲģͬʱҲˮˮв˫ڴ˹ʶʱȴŻ֮ԿǿУˣЩߵҲûٲ磬ֹͻ
һΣôڹϣȻǷ˼ɻ䣬Ļֻʱղ˳ˡ
ֵɾȥ뵽ʱҪʦʰ뿴ģźɶһźɶ±߸Ÿɣֻ¶øˡ
Ͼô߶ϰԼķʱǿŤһ˫˭Ҳ˭˵ҲУ˵㲻УҪ
Щף澳ֻĳǺЩơ
һΣСĽ˵ҪѪȾôô죬ڵ˼磬ˣǣһȫ
˴ƣֻʱ޷ǽɽѣҪƳѡ
ʱħ֮ǰϹ֮ôãڽЩȻؾĽȻҲֻʱɽ£˲ιֻ̣ҪҶ˷֮
š
˵ͷĽ󷨣ζڴˣɽľҪƿЩʮף澳ˣֹˣ
𽡣
ڡ
漴Ľ󷨣˵ȥⷽԲĽƣι̣
ǡ
ԥȥ˵ⷽԲĽƲι̣ʹҹӰˣҲʱ̱־裬ǲĻΪٸߵ˶Σա
δ룬պЩ𣿡
ȥתͷվһߵĻδʵĹأδȫָ
Ѿû£صġ
δ˿˵꣬ķȥǱ죬͸һʮֹϢü֪Ļ컹ǲ÷̫ӣô˻ָԪ˵ǵĵط²ôöԸˡ
վһԣʱеǣ˵һΣǶɾûܾȵˡ
ԶȻҲŲˣоڤѪӵˣ˱˴˶һۣ˵ͷҲȥ
СĽѰ£ܿ죬Щ󷨵ţѾһ˳ЩűڣϹŽƣûģҪ˵УҪǿ֧ţһ㣬ͻһʧȥá
ʱŻţͨ󷨣ѾΣû뵽ΣԷڡ

ʱһɫŵ˽ڣλѾ֪ⷽԲĽƣԳŲסˣֻпλ̫˳֮ǰֵܵһ
¡¡
ʱִһ𵴣ȻѾڿʼˣֻһƣؽ
ԼʱڵĽƣһ㱻ƿ·֣Ҳƽƣľˡ
ϣǹˣ
ŵɫɷףǧδΣʹǴ룬ҲֻǾˣ
˲ؾţ
ʱһµĳվ˳ˣ˵࣬ǹֻ˳ؼǣ
Ŵԣ˲ɾδִһȰǹԹԴ󷨣֮ʱһ
˵֮ˣȻһ󷨣ΪС̫Ԫ顱ɽͼţʶ޷ټˡ
ʱӰһΣԶˣߣС˵λ֮Ƴ󣬿Ҫƣ󡭡
ɽ֮ϣ˷ĸ֣ǲʵ޷룬Ҫڣǽв³˭Ǹͱ½ȥ
Դʱ˶һĪչȻǰãˣƫƫԷʼ֮
ʱһ˹һˮС˵Ǹͳ죬ҿɤӶˣҪȻȺȿˮЪЪٽź
Һͷԣ
ȻתһͷϣֽӹˮһڣǱ߷˼䣬˹ȥǲô죿
վһ߸ߵϣԶһŵãʱǰסô£üʵҪȥ𣿡
Ǳߣ˵ڴ˴ȥ˵ţҪǰ߽ȥ
δ΢΢һȵȣ
δ룬صģڴˣ֮ǰҪ
ת˵ͷ˵꣬ԥһʱǽȥɾ棬ôĹɽ£ʱֺξǰһССƣ


1579 
ɲɲɲ
ɽȥһ˲䣬ʮֲƣʱ˹Զ˿һĻ޲һ˽ƣȻΪٸߣҲӲס
ǰңнƴ·ˣɲһչԭһӰ˲Ϣ֮䣬ڰɿ⡣
¡
һ죬ضɽҡǲӰһ±㱻ɢˣԶ˽ס˺ղһ£Ǳ𱻴УҲòȥ
֮ϣδǰһ亹˿λãвʮľ룬ʮ룬ηɵùȥ
ɲɲɲ
ĽƣִʹԪɲʩչ˼£㿪һϮĽƣգλãѾԽԽˡ
ڵӼǿƶŵɫλҲɫδҲ̫
ס
̴ӵ˳⸽֣ŷӦæɽǽնȥǣĽƶ˲Ƿɽٿ죬ܿƣ
ۼԽԽĽƺͷɽ˾ǴʧɫǺǱߣǺƴС
Զ΢˾Ϣû뵽Ŷ̶̰ʱ䣬˵ΪѾ̤ǿľ硭
̼ǵãܾˣһͬ׹Ƿ֮أʧȥ˼䣬ҲĶˡ

ۼӽƳϺȻһ˫һ̧ķɽʱɱͳɱȥ
Сģ
δһһɲǣħ٣͵һ˹ȥһңķɽʱ˻ȥͬϺĸ֣ħ֮£˻ȥ
ǧɣɣ
λԽԽˣ΢˾ɫһ䣬ˡһɲǣָֻһһɫâ˲䳯նȥ

һ죬һǽɫɽ˻ȥ΢˾һˣ˿̶ԷƵУҲ֡

Ȼ֣̫ӣкܹʵУֻδӹɽʵѾ̫࣬ħ֮мܵ
䣡
һ죬ʱ̳һƽЩ˳ȥʱѾλòɾ롣
ˡ
һڳϴʧɫһ̣Ѿֹˣյ۹£һλնȥʱؾһţ̳ɳϸ֮£ȴ̫Ԫ顢ɽͼ
֮ⷨͬСɣɿһ³ӿ˹۹֮ǵУֻһХصָһ۹˲Ϣɳһ½ȫֵ˿С
¡¡
һ𵴴Сܲסʱķѣһ˲䣬̳
ˡߣ
һƣҲȥˣĸ֣ʱ糱ˮӿһ⸽ضɽҡֹ
һĻˣ޲Ȼʧɫ˸ǰȻƴ󣬵֮ǰδйԸֻס˼ɣص潻֣һʧҲ뾪澳
ʱ亮ɽؾŹǱߣâǿϢϢȴǴ亮˺ؾ˳ˣ˱ΪƾĽƶƬ̣ȴû뵽ףô˹ˡ
һ˴
ؾŭݣһ˵꣬͵һ£ʱضɽҡڿ˲γһɫӡֱֶ£
һɲǣδ˹һնؾһƵֵסˣղû°ɣ
š
΢΢ͷ̫Ǳ߿ȥֻǱ죬Ȼ̫ڲа˵ħڴ˶Ըˣȥ̫ӡ
Сģˡ򵥡
š
ٶԣһ̫Ǳ߷ȥ亮˺ؾ˼״ʱȥδһնʱ֣֮ľ롣

ʱħҲһҵħƲɵ亮˺ؾֻûعֵδĽͻħ޷ȥˣ΢˾ЩϣӲס
ܿ죬ֵ̫ǣﾹûκνƣ㣬ͽˡ
վվס
мӼ̫ŵûɢʱվҲվˣǰ
˫ָһ˹ȥ䵭ص̫ӣ
㣬㡭
ǼɫɷףæɽָȥȻеĽȴʹڶԷǿϢ£ֹ


1580 ĺ
һ˲䣬ȻܵһƹϢϢĵط̫ؾڡ
һ̣ԥһƷǰ⼸ˣ˲̫ؾǱ߷ȥˡ
̫ؾ棬ΪһѪ֣֮أؾǰ棬˴ŷӡƣѰ֮ͻƣе۹ڣҪһƿҲ¡
̫ӡ
뵽гкŨ۹һն£¡һʱƿؾơ
ʱں棬̫Щϵӣŵɫûһ˸ǰ
ؾ棬չ죬谵еˮصյ۹½ѭ̫ӵϢ룬ڣһİĹŵǰ
ŵȥѾãʯѾʱ̫ǹɹϢǴ洫
䣡
һնţ߸ǻްֻԼãڵʯ̨ϣһӰȫѪ֣ģֻ̫ˡ
ડડડ
ĽŲӵһ̫ϥĿʯ̨һ·һ㣬

һ佣ХȻһʯ̨նȥȻڵ۹½ʯ̨֮ʱ̫ƺȻԪλһ㣬͵˫ۣ֮ͫУѪ
ֻ顱һŵһϷҳ䣬̫ӾȻֻƾֵָס˵۹µĽơ
ƾ㣬Ҳɱҡ
һֻ̣̫ɫ׹⣬Ѫ֣ȫȻ֮ˡ
ɱ㡭δҲ̫ˡ
䵭ָһ۹½һХʱһ³̫նȥ
飡
̫˫һʯ̨͵Ծһӿһ˲佫۹½ֵסˡ
ŵʱһͷ׷ָһԭһӰ˲Ϣ֮䣬ѳ̫üĵȥ
߳
̫һȣѪ⣬ʱͷü֮ϣ˲һѪӡ顱һһֵָסˡ
һɲǣֻѪԪһ͵سظȥ˲Ԫ䡱һһƶϣʱһŵķѣ̹
ʱ棬̫һڳϵؾﴫĴдʱӿȵŵɫʱؾǱߣһһâɳ̫Ӻˡ
䣡
˷ɵϣһƶϣʱӿɽһɰϢýԶˣȻеһϢ˳ȥ
桭ˣ
˿̿ϣ˶һ̫ˣڵӶŵɫҰףʶԶȥ϶˵ܸԤ˵ԤԿһЩ³
졪ɲ
̫˫ֲϽӡʱƷһףȥͬʱ󣬺Ȼһǰ̫ҲͬСɡ
һܹϮ̫ͬʱһն۹½ݺ˫һ㽫̫˳ȥ
̫ӽסɻ̫һɲǣֻâҫۣЯһ͵ٳɱȥ
ߡ
䵭һն£ɽâɽӣƲɵ¡һϣʱӿ̫һ
ڶ˶Խ˲䣬бȻһӰЯɱ͵һƳϮɱȥһɲǣһһɽ֮ӿ˲䣬ʱ쳾
˱һòȥԭȴؾˣֻɫЩףҲмֺȻڶԷ֮ǿȫԤϣղƵһֱۣʱѾеЩ顣
ݣ
ʱδͻħҲ˹д亮ˣһ˲ؾߣղԶؾ˱һˣʱҲм־ɫؾʦ֣
¡
ؾ΢˵ʱԶ̫ӿ˿̫ʦվδ̤̫ʥ̫֮ˣ̫ʥ磬ܹ޻ԵһҲ

һ佣Хһӣصڻлᣬ˵֮µ顭
ԣԶĳϾһ֮µ顭ָһָ꣬ļ£ѵǴǵꡭˣ֮ôܡ
亮˺ؾ飬Ҳһ±֮¡ѵΪһ¶Ǽ顭Ϊʦֲִֻ᣿
λʦܣԣ˵
̫ɫȴԣ˫Ԫһˣ̫ʱһĽ𣬴亮˺ؾ˷ӦҲ˿ԥԵķɱȥ
δͻħҲԣԪһߣʱӿһɲǣ˫˶һǸ죬һǿ˵Ϣֱӿɢ˿Ƶ˲òԶȥ
һֱĺɫ٣˫ǲʤ̫ˣԲˣɽԻɻң̫ҲѾǲƲ
飡
һ죬֮У̫Ӹһ̫Ҳġʮơһˣһ̣Ҳ֧ŲסһѪӿʱɫɷѿ
̫ʦ֣
Աߴ亮˺ؾɫҰףʱʦܴ˽һôܣ̫ʦ֣ҲǴ˶𡭡
棬ˡ
ԶЩҲסˣһĿɿڴվԭأ֮ʱλˣ̫ˣбһ㡣
տŶԷѩɫ԰׵ӣ˶ᣬǴ˿̣ƻ֮£̫˺ԵӰһֳĺ֮С
޷˹ѡ
̫ĨȥѪղű˵̫أʱһѪӿ
ˣ
ʦ֣
һ̣ԶˣǴ亮˺ؾˣѾˡ
ĺɫɪɪ磬˳ĬԶһĻ֪ΪΣڤˣҲһֲ֮
ΨȻ˫ǰЦ۲ǧǰͷľ̫ӣվˣٹʮ꣬Ҷͷ򡣡
ȿȡ
վԱߵһһСͳ죬ҿܻʱˣҪȥĻͳڡ
ұ졣
Ȼһ£ּԶڤɫƺЩãЦڤǰѪǰҿûб˼ȿȡ
̫ϷХ̫Ӳ˲ǵѪɭɭЦǺηֻϧ㱾£
µһ˲䣬ֻȫѪ֣ԭЩϢһɲǣǿ亮˺ؾ˽һʦ֣
Ȼ˻δ䣬̫̫һ˲䣬˽һâҫۣ͵سɱȥ


1581 ˻
ˡ
̫˾ѪԪ֮ɱȥԶ˽һһƾأδһɿȻȽס
̫Ѱ֮۹±Ȼɴ˽ղ̫˿ʱ̫ȼѪԪ֮ƸǱͰԵȻѷ۹¡
ۼһͣδ΢΢һǰȴһµǰߣһ죬һħ֮ʱӿ¡һһһ½̫˿С
⡭
Զˣǳϻǵӣһ̽Բ˺Ȼ֮ɫֻ̫ڿУ̫δ߶̫ʼնǰˡ
ںߣҲ˿ղǿ̫һͣԭΪϻܴû뵽ף㽫ֵ
УƾһƵֵס̫ӵ̫ߴ亮˺ؾҲˣôܣṳ̫̂ʥ֮ΪȴĹ
ʦ֣
亮Ȼһֻ̫˫۲Ѫ˿ҲѪ⸡֣ȥֻ߻ħɲɣħǴɣ

ͻȻ̫ѪҲһɲǿ࣬ʱģȴħһ£ԶЩĳϵţôܣƽһ̫ˣᡭ
Ҿ˵Ϲ϶ʲôаҪȻΪ˿죿Ȼվһɽϣ˫ǰЦһ
Сģ
δ뵣̫ӵĹˣ֮ǰ̫ڣһ
ʱȻµһ˲䣬̫ϵѪ⣬Ȼ۳һâֱ˹
ħҲһ˲˹˺䡱һǹâһ𣬾ѪӿֹҺħֵ֮Щ
е
ħĿ⣬ΪԶ̫֮ϣ̫ӵȴЩܲסȷʵЩ졣
ʦʦ֡
ߴ亮˺ؾˣʱɫɷףҲǰڰУֻ̫ӲͣȻղһԪ
ôûô
û뵽ǣʹ˸ղ͵һʱȴԾУ˵˿ʱ̫Ҳ˵ֻܵӣȻͬ
棬ˡ
ԶЩӣҲ˵ƻ֮£һƬһΪߣһ;оԪ˭Ҳ޷ӱܵˣ޵ʱڣ̤һ磬ԻøԪͬΪȣȻΪһԪȴˡ
ٺ٣η
̫ЦһȻ˫һϣ;ԪڡᡱáڡѨʱ֣ȼ֮𣬾һ˲
̫Ӧһɲǣ·̫ͨһȻһȥ
Сģ
һƸͣδһһɲǣȴһ죬һӲ̫Ľסˡ
⡭
һĻԶЩ˸ǺȻһôܣѵѾ̤Ǹˣܡ
̫ӣ֪˭ô
ؿһɲǣ񣬵ʱ̫׹ԨܣǸˡòȴƣߴ亮˺ؾҲסˣѵǵꡭ
ɫ䵭Ȼ䣬һɾӿһǰ̫Ȼؽرϣգһƴ̫ؿڣۣ̫һѪһ󵹷˳ȥ
ʦ֣
亮˺ؾڻعһ˲ǰס̫ӣʱԶѾ̫ˡ
ۣ
һƣ̫𣬺һѪӿϴŵĵۣһȾѪ
㣬㡭亮˺ؾ澪ɫһһ̽Բֹ
û뵽һٻǰɡ
һ̫˹ȥһ̣̫֮ɫ·˹һϵҡͷܣܡ
Ǻǡ
ɫ𽥱̫ӵʱһһɲǣΧޱȵİֻһ˫۾·جж
ô̫ӣ㲻ᵽڣûϳɡ
㡭ԭ磡
̫Ͼ״仰Աߴ亮˺ؾҲһʦ֣˵ʲôôܻ硭

̫֣һ߽˫۾ξ棬һģһһ˫۾ˣˣ
ξ
һɲǣ亮˺ؾҲ׹޵ԨǸÿÿҵξ
ҪɣɱƫƫҪΪħ
ξǸֲĳһɲǣ·ֳǵԺǻһȥ
硭
亮˺ؾôҲţǰˣǵ磿ǣΪ̫ʦ־ŵ·ʧ˻һ㣿
һ˹ȥ䵭ص֮꣬𡭡ɻǵһշ顭
㣬㡭磬㲻ҪҪ
̫ӷ·˻һ㣬ʱԶ˸Ǿֲѣǰһôܻǵ磿⵽ô¡ʲô̫ܰų


1582 շ
ʲô
ԶǱҲһȻͳʲôˣ
Ȼ°ͣϸ˼ǰŵʱ򣬻˶Ĺȥ̫ȴû˱֪
Ϊƽ壬ʦ֣ǸССģ񶼻ǵ
սŵʱ򣬲ʮֻ꣬ƽ˼£Ǵϣ㱻ϴȥ塣
Щ£ȻֻԣЩ£Ҳκ𣬰죬ЩҲû֪Ĺȥ
ƽ壬ҲֻһССŵӣûбûпɽиţµĽ㣬ܶˣҪԸΣ
ǴᣬΪͽܣһҲ룬ǲˣҲһ¶ӯ໤ȴʲôҲûУȻΪҹӳƽ壬ӴѶ
֮£ӦĵطͽʵֻΣҪǿƷУҲѲ鷢Ҳǰ˵һ䡰нࡱ
˵ĳԱǣƶƶ񣬵ĳԿţн࣬е֮ʱƷвˣȴͨպĽ̵ʹܹǷƶԴ
ֻǵ꣬ȻãƽһСطܿü
ȻҹӣıҵԪ򷱻֮أֻȥһЩɽˮ֮أЩطħ̾ۼ֮أħš
Щ꣬ħﲻҲýŲڵϣģһ¾ħﱻ˴Ҳ̤Ű벽
ͳ죬ôˣ
ʱһߣ۾ȻЩģСͳ죬㡭
ʲô㣿
Ȼ˻䣬תͷһۣô죬վǵ磬㵽ǰͷվһԣȥ㻰ࡣ

±ǹȴĪһֻͨͷ˻ȥȻعͷԶ֮䣬֮ңԪˣŸǴԪħ˳ҲڻãѪõĸħ棬Ҳһˡ
ǣҲû뵽ǣֻ긱λãһգѪãȴһˡ
û뵽ǣѪõǸˣǵһǰλ֮
һΣΪˣû뵽ԷȻɱߣԣû˱ǰλ֮ʲôˡ
̫ڲƣ̫ȻĿ֣Ψд亮˺ؾˣʱ΢侲һЩš
˵ָ꣬ܺʹ
һ̣ӱˣؾ̫ӵʦ֣һЩ磬ˡһ㣡
¡¡
ʱ֮ϺȻһ춯ص죬ŵĵǶɥǣ׷̧ͷȥֻ̫ϷֶƫƫĵطûƣΨ̫ͻȻƬʵա
һɲǣһҲɢ˿δʮ񣬴ʱüͷһ壺ǡ
ʦ֣㿴쿴
亮˺ؾǾһæмָȥֻƬƵĴһ㣬һ׹£ֱ̫֮֮ͨͨ󣬰׹ʱϼâһ̫ϡ
˼δ˸סˣǱߣҲоɫ¶
ʦ֡쿴㿴㿴𣡳
ؾ˺Ȼϲָĵľ޴Уâ̫ʢ·֮Ŵ󿪣ֱУֻģģãнڣΣ¥ӣ裬ȫȻϹŴ˵硣

̫ҲڻعдԶЩһȻ⣬⵽ʲô
ʦ֡ߣ
˴ʱѾǰһЦϵϼȥǸһ죬λˣѲҪʱճɣ磿
ͻȻֹ죬Ŀ΢δ뿴ȥʵδ룬ʲô
δʱü΢Ŵ˿̴ӵصӿ˵ˣôˣҪշ

ҫϼ˵һʱɣ죬Ҫ֮٣һܹߵģ򲻴һ
ҪҲÿ֮ģ컯پ֮ʱӭ٣ʹԪ磬Ӵ˳ɣܿܿɷܹɵģָ
񣬸ûκܹˣǰ֮ͨѾ׹رգ֮޷·֮Ҳ޷̫ˣվȻųɡ
λˡ
ʱϼλˣԶӶˣǲ֪̫Ͷ˵֮飬ֻԭΪ󷨲û뵽ڸղţͻȻˡ
λˡ
һ̣λڿˣλҪʱշ޲¶֮ɫ
ǰ֪Ǻԭ֮϶Ѿ׷ûһܹɹ磬Ҫǿз³ֻһǾ֮£׻ҷ
λˡɰ
±ߵĳϣɫ󾪣Ȼʱ̫ȴħһ㣬һУ֮езȥ


1583 һ
˿ϼ֮У̫˵𻯳һ㣬ҲûκιϢеֻһ˵ɷǡ
ֻϼ֣ڶԶĵӶĿɿڴţλˣѵ𻯳ɵľ磿
ˡԭҲ򵥣Сǡ
ħĿ⣬̫ˣ˽ǷҲǷܹɹ磬ٴﵽ˳ܼľ磬һ֮ˣ𻯳ɣշ
ѵϹ硭
ԶǱߣȻҲǾ֮ϣĵУֻһڣٲ֣סĵطɾϹĵӰǺ¥Ļˣ
¡¡
ʱǾ֮ϣһֻ̫˵ϼʢϵҲԽԽŨ嶥֮󣬷·һ˲䣬Ҫ̤ƣ磡
Ҫ硭ôס
Ȼ䣬һֻԭһӰ˲ϼȥ
СġҪ
δɫһ䣬ǰһ죬ȴûܹץסһ˲䣬Ѿɵȥֻڽӽ̫˵ʱһƥȻ䡱һǽȥ
ϣ
Զ׼ʱһ˲ȥǰһԪ磬ٱڶˡ
޷
ղֻǱͻһ£δܴʱ̫ϼ˫գвƣû˿Ӱ졣
δϼˣ˵⸽ǿϴʱ壬ܹ˵ǡ
𻯷ˣܷ֮ǳɹ磬Ǿֻ֮Ҫϼ£壬ܹ˵˷֮ˣˣſصı¡
¡¡
ɽȻһ𶯣ֻǵϼ⣬øӲˣеģЩɹڣҲԽԽ±˶񣬵Ϲ磬Ϲ磬ѾΪֻ֡
ʦ֡ʱѵ
ɹ֮Уؾ˺Ȼ˽̧ͷǾ֮ϵȥһ̣͸ŵģޱȵĿĳɣ˾˼ĳ
֪һȥھ֮£ܹ˳ĻᣬҲʮ֮һҲ޷ֹǵľģɶ˻־
˾ע֮£˺Ȼֱ̤Ǿ֮ϵȥǲδ⣬ȥǾ֮ʱǵ¼׽٣շ֮ˣ޷ȥġ
Ҫɡߡ
Ŀ䵭µһ˲䣬Ҳ׷ȥ޷ϼ֮УǾ֮ʱӿʱ׳
ϡ
˽һǾ֮ϣ̫ˣûΪͲ⾳ᱻ״
ʱǱߣ˿һ˷Ͼ죬ȥ׷ˣ뵽һ죬һ˶췣
ʱڵλãȻʱû췣ԽԽȵɸ֮ʱף̫ʥ֮ǿҲС
¡¡
һײϳ£һɲǣħӡü֮ϣһӿħ֮ǿнǵ׵ֵ⡣
±ߣ˼һĻԲɵñһ⾿ʲôˣŸӲףѵѾǲħ֮
̫ӣڣ˲Ҫųɡ
һ˲䣬׷̫ˣȻ޷ϼ棬ܹ˵
ʦ֡
亮˼ħ֮棬ϲһ˵׷
صġ
һ̣ڳֱ̫֮֮ǰǸӣҲ޸ղŵĻˣ·Ѿ֪ǰˣ磬˵ף𡣡
šؾҲһ½˸ӡʹԼš
档
ٶԣһ̧һɳصħ֮Ȼϼ﷭ӿȥһ£ȴǽ±ЩĳϵӸŵûɢ֮ˣȸţǻ֮»ҷ
˵֮ǰԸλʱ𻯷ѾһֻΣλܹ˳ɣȻ˳
һ̣±ĳϵӣס˺۾Ҳգһ£һϡ
¡¡
ײϣħ죬±ҲסˣϵϡͻȻһɳصħ
ˡ
δҲһ˲ɫʬħʬħ˹һ˲䣬Ҳ룬ҪȥֹȻȴħһסˣȥˣѾˡ
һɲǣֻȫħڣ˫Ѫ죬ħգҲ޷ˡ
ҪɣɱƫƫҪǣΪħ
ħգ֮ϵϼ⣬Ҳħڸסˣ̫˶ʱɫ䣬һĻϤξǸξξǸˡǶħǸˣ
˿̣ξ֮Уξ֮⣿һɲǣ˷ج֮У׹䡣


1584 ˮ
ħľ±ˣѺȻʧɫһɲǣħ֮£̫˺ȻԾһˣʱɹǹħֵ⡣
ʦ֡ϣ
亮Ͼɫδǲħ˾һĻȻǿ̫ˣҲңϺò۵ת˲֮䣬ֿ챻ħˡ
̫һ۾ؾǰһУֻξѣѾξ֮У
ǰһУֻξֶѣкξ壿Դ˿̣ϥϽէ֣ͬʱĬȻɢ飬̫Ԫ׻ɢ棡뷣
˲䣬˽壬۶񣬾һϣɹ죬ħһ³ɢˡ
λˡ̫ˣ
±Ľţʱλ˽֣ħϣڶӶ̲ס
Ǳߣ̣صħɷ֮ȥ澳һЩע⡣
δһĽĵʬħȥʬħȻȫѣʱΪ̵飬Ѿ񣬷ʬħ
һʬħȫ䣬ֻСУҪȥֹ
ʲô
ħһ½סˣü˵ϱħ̫أȥû˴ʱĽ⻤壬ᱻȾ
ҲᱻȾ
δ뿴һۣǲһУǾ֮ϳȥɾᱻʬħħȾǾ֮ϣûİħ֮⾳εֿ
¡¡
һȻǱߣ˴Ŀģ˵δ빬ǿ۷Ƥء
СѾͷҲȥʲô
Զδ벻һǾ֮Ϸȥܵףüͷһ壬һ˲䣬ֻľһ㣬ҲһϷȥ
ôˣ
δ΢΢һûжԣľһָʱһֳףֵ⡣
ĹȹΪߣӹɣֻǴ˿ƾͻδˣҲԵֵסס
Ҳ
ǹ̤գȻ֮䣬ҲϷȥµһ˲䣬ֻȫһɫۣ֮䡱һӲ׵ֵ
ǡ
±ߣιһҲһƬӰϷȥ˱δ룬ͻδȥǾ֮ϣδѹסʬħ
ʱھ֮ϣ̫˽ħѽԭްգϼ⣬Ľڣһθ˳
쿴
±ЩӣʱӰϾϲɫ¶λˣܹ忪ħ֣
˵̫ˡ
ʱħɷڣͳ˫ɷѾȫ˸ˣ˲䣬һ̧ħ£ʱ̫ϵɹѹȥ
һ˲䣬ԭ˳忪ħֲ££ħϢȾ£
һĻ±˻ûüϲüңȴһ̫ͬ¶ɫħϢҪγƣ
Ǻǡ
ɫһѹǸħϢ㳯̫ѹȥһ˲䣬δɫ䣬ۼʬħѾʴģʱҲ˲ô࣬һ˲䣬ȥ

δ벻ףǾ֮ϷȥιȻһһ̣δ빬һطȥȻƷ紵ġ
ЩħŮŵһħʵϣ
ӣס
δҧأȫ֣޾ףֱȥһ̣ʶѾԱʬħңһ£ħϢɵأ
̫˷ⱻƣþȫϵĽֶȥվȴǣħϢɣ

˱ħϢɣʱһҽУǾ֮ϣڣԽԽԶԽԽԶȫʧ

˷һ˺ѷεľת˲֮䣬ѱħʴ׹ȥ
ˡˣ
λ׹ӽᣬɬֻôһˣֻôһˡ
ԶҲʧϼ⣬˾˼ɣ볤ǵͷŷ֣վֻ󣬺¥
Ǿлˮ£ִһ


1585 Ļ֮
֮ϣħգδһ˲ȥ˫һһڡ
δ롭
ʱ˫Ѫ죬ħɷڣѪ֮ƣʵ£˻δ룬ˣžžΪĻħʱҲҹڿħһɣС
δ˿޾ʬħħ·ܵڵܽʬħϢһһѹȥֻһҪĲ
δ롭
ʹ֮ɫ֣Ȼָһ˿ѣʬħģѾʼʶ
˺Ƭ̣δŽϵħȫѹȥʬħҲһ˳˯С
ûˡ
δɫЩԲ԰ףһ죬䵽˵棬ʱ̫˸ҿ̫˵ڵϣΪħɡ
ϡϣ
ʱҲ˹ͻδ붼û£ԷһЩּ鹬̫ˣüʵô죿
Żδ룬鹬̫ӿ˿˵棬κ˲ڡ
ǣ
һʱ⹬һһ鹬ȥ
棬̫˱ħģʹ࣬˵ǰ˵꣬Ϊ׷ɱҸףĸס
㣬㡭
亮˺ؾʹ࣬˵ԭ֮󡭡ǹڵ飬Ҳûм֪Ƕ˸ǲֻ֪̫ʦֲ֪֮¡
˵
۲Ѫ˿һ죬ս̫ץĺ˵ΪʲôΪʲô
һ
δվԣ˫ü΢Ϊ̵飬񣬿ֻʬħٴγ롣

̫ɫ԰ףʱȴȻտڲԣһԴ亮˺ؾ˶ŵɫҰףΪεڣʦȻ˵֮£
˵Ҳա
ͻȻһ䣬ֶ̫Ӻͷһֱ֣̽Ԫȥ

̫ӵʱһ˺ѷεĲҽУ˶ëȻȴ֪澿˺¡
ˣˡ
ĳϵ洫ĲҽУҪǰȻһ֣һǰ˭ǰһɱ⡣
棬̫ɫ԰ֽһ½˻ȻȴøӺˣδüʵ̽쵽𣿡
䣬̫ӣɭɭûκԪ䣬Ѿˡ
ԣδɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˵Ԫ䲢ף˴ֱʣ
˿ɫԽԽˣδ뵣̫˹ȥץס죬žһƣشϣ˵ΪҪ׷ɱ̣Щ˲У
ǺǡǺǺǡ
ֻ̫ǲЦԣδͷӲһشϣղ˵һδ룬˵
ʦ֡
亮˺ؾ˽һʲô飬Ϊʦֿزԣ׷ɱģʲôˡ
˹ȥصղ˵ʹʮղ˵ʹٱһǧַ
£ֻ˫һ죬һ¶ס˴亮˺ؾ˵ĺٲڣȳ˵Ļǡãܡ

亮˺ؾ˱źܿ죬ԭɷ׵ӣǵͨ죬Ȼϡ
˵ǲ˵ѾԽԽˣϵɱҲԽԽء
ʦʦ֡
亮˺ؾ̫֮ɫʱڵ֮£ȴȻһҲԸ¶
ܺá
䣬һɲǣ·ʧȥģ˫һ亮˺ؾʱһ˺ѷεĲǱǺεʹࣿ
ʱ棬һڳϵﴫŵĵѣɴʱ˵Ҳ޷ǰǰΣԷһžǿ档

棬亮˺ؾ˲ϣֱͷƤ飬̫ľɫڣȴȻ˵
ۼϵɱ֮ԽԽˣʱδȻ̫ȥȻɫ˵ʮ֣ҹĻ٣޴Ļ֮£Ρ
һɲǣưҲֹͣȡǶ˵Ļǣֻ̫澪֣һ̿Żδ룬Ǽ˹һȥ㣬ʲôˡ㣬ô֪㵽ʲôˡ
δ롭
һ½亮˺ؾ˶ȥʱŻδ룬üʮ֣ʱ̫ӡΪ˾ʧ룿
Ȼˡ
δһ¶ˡ


1586 ֻ̫ص
ҹĻ٣޴Ļ֮£Ρ
һɲǣˣǵδȥѰҽʥҩʥλʱʱĻҲҲۺˮ̣Ļ澳ˣ֪٣ƫƫδ뿴ȥ֪١
֣֯Ļٶǰ֯ˣĻ졯û֪ĻʵݣҲû˼Ļ쳤ʲôĿʾˡ
һ죬δԭʱҽʥˮ̺ҩʥ֮ҲʮֵĲ죬δ뵽ʲôˣΪ澳˶֪飬ȴ֪ô֪Ļˡ
ʱҲɻ󣬿ɺ£Ҳûȥʻδ룬ֱǴȥʱĻˣյʮʥʥطƣʥ羪ƣѪʥе֣ƺĻ֮¡
ʱ̫δеʮֺ䣬Īǵ֮£Ļйء
δ뿴ŵϾʧ̫ӣһ߽صȡɽɱʲôģֻһӰˡ˵ĻΪҪ׷ɱ
㣬㡭
ԣ̫Ӹһ·˻һָŻδ룬ȴһҲ˵
ʦ֣֮¡ô£׷ɱ磬ȻΪɽɱһ¡
ʱ亮˺ؾҲع֮УȴǶһ𾪣֪ģ׷ɱ磬Ϊɽһ¡
Ȼûô򵥣ĻҲǣˣĻٶǰͻȻ澳һΪص飬ԶԶֹô򵥡
ʦ֡ô£˵
ؾ֮ɫ˺òʦҪǲ˵Ļǽˣɡ
˵
һȣʱ̫ŵõʱ겻ӣȻֻǱŵġ
꣬ꡭ
һֻ̣ɫ԰ףڿˣδ˵ɫδҲԣһڵһ磬ʹκ˵ʶҲ޷̽
ʱ棬ħǵͻȻ˽磬ü΢΢һҲû룬Ͼ˼֮ˣ˼Щ飬һȤҲûУֻǴ˿Ҫ֪ȴ޷ˡ
棬亮˺ؾɫ԰ףԿ̫Ӳʦ˶ܣһҪ˵ô
꣬ꡭ
̫ӻֹ˵ĸף硭ֻ̫صˡ
ֻ̫ص
Ȼδ飬Ҳһ±ֻ̫صѵǡ
һ̣о֮ɫֻʲôֻ̫ص˵
ֻ̫̫ص
˿̣̫ӷ·ʲôµجһ岻ס˵ʲôȴ֧֧ᣬʼ˵
δǰһһʱǹŶһ飬Ҳֹ߲һΣʱħһߣΪΨһ
㣬㡭
̫Ӽ˵Щ£˿Ͼɫֹ֧֧˵
δֻ̫صô
ŴԣҲһδ뵽ʲôˣΪ֪ЩԼ֪飿סôֻ̫صˣô£ô¡
ʦ֡
˿̣亮˺ؾҲʧɫû뵽һ磬Ȼǣһʱ˴£
ֲãֲʦֶԴ˴ֲֻᣬ˵һСС˼ߣ̤̫ʥ֮ˣԡ𡱶֣
ֻ±һЩ֪µĵӣŻᶯͰֹߣЩǿߣֶǶԣ̫Žɣۺʱԡ
̫ɫ԰ף˵ֻ̫صģҲ֪һţǱֻ̫صĳλУ񹦣Ҳ֡
ɫҲЩ΢΢ףһˣ
ÿÿ֮УһΰӰĸסؼңعۿеĸףҲһ֮ˣѩ֮ҹ֮£һѪս׷ɱ֮ˣûЩ̤ɽׯ벽
ʮʥ˿ŵʥǹ֮ˣǼа֮ˣĸһ׷̫Ӵʱȴ˵ʲôֻ̫صˣʲô˼
аԣһ
ʱɫ𽥱δ״Ҳһʵ飬Ҳû뵽޹䣬ǴӴ˿̫ӵģû˵ѡ
һ̣δ벻ɵð˼⣬ݣеĸҪأ྿һʱƬ̣Ҳò׼ˣֻ̫ӽô˵


1587 Ļ
â̫ȫһԣššҲ֪ô˵Ļô¡
Ļ
ԣ̫ȫһɫɷף϶˵Ļʵǡٶǰֻ̫ص澳һ֯ҹĻ֮У֪便ģǶʥЩˣÿȥᱻ˷ʶһۣ㵽뿪ҲͬˡĻ죬ͽĻ죬Ϊɲ⣬˼Ŀ
ָԽԽҲʮֵͳΪҪ׷ɱҸĸ
ΪΪ
̫ɫԽӱò԰ףһ֧֧˵ˣ˵
㸸ף
̫ԽԽ£֪ģֻС㸸ֻ̫صһõĶԣԲű׷ɱ
õĶ
δһʱ϶̫Ӿ޿˵ѣֻֻ̫صһõĶʲôʹֻ̫صص׷ɱ
Ҳס˺һȻͨͨһɲǣҲٴθܵؿһ˿Ϣ
ֻ񡭡ѵų̫ŵһֻ𣿿ֻʲôܣ

̫С̧ͷ˿վǰĶˣ˵ûˣʲôҲ֪ضǶֻ̫صҪһ򡭡ᱻ׷ɱ
ָԽԽ˫֮УҲѪ˿ĸסĸ֪׷ɱ׵ĲһˣȻڡ
ڻ֮ɱĸף
Ȼ䣬һֶס̫ӵĺԱߴ亮ؾˣŵɫһ䡣
δɫ΢΢һ䣬ᰴȲҪ˵ΪҿδĶ֡
Ȼ˫ѣ̫ӣ̫ŵĵѣ˵ңҡ˶Ϊ꣬׷ɱȪȣɱǣ
˵
ԽԽ£̫ӻɸɫɷ׵Ļ졭Ļ죡δĻ죬һյϢһĻԳûǹϢ
ֻɫԽԽҰףĿ־֮ɫҲԽԽأ·ʱʮ꣬Ǻ´ϢȻ
Ļ졭
̫ӷȥһɲǣ㯣׷ɱ׺ĸ׵ˣĻ졭
δ˼ݣһ˲䣬뵽ʲôֻ̫صҪûȻ޼٣ĻͻȻ֣ȴδزǴˡҲҪõֻ̫صõģʲô
̫Ӳ˵ڻȪȣұȰ㸸ף黹ֻ̫صһֻ̫صĻҲ׷ɱִˡҲֻܡ
˴ͣͣǵ꣬һΪپֻ̫صľ񹦣ҲĶֱ֡ĻͻȻ֡
Աߣ亮˺ؾҲ벻Щ飬Щʦ־ص֮
괫÷зģȡɽɱˣű׷ɱЩֻǻӶѣҺռң֪ǣ֮û֪ЩĻҲû֪һݣֻ̫ʦֲ֪
̫Ӳ꣬ĻͻȻ֣Ҳҵ֮⣬㸸ȻٸߵΪҲǴ˵Ķ֣ʱĸᣬΪ˱㸸ȫ̫Ž֮棬ɢ
˴˫ѾˣԺ棬·ֳָһĻĻİϤ
磬ãǵĺӡټ
ᡭҪᣡ


˫ͨ죬ȻһХһֱΪĳˣ̫ӣԭǣǸĻˡ
ޱȣһ̣δҲ֪ȥοһ侲̫ӵΣ˵
̫΢΢һ£˵ĸ׵Ľ֮ȷʵʮһ컯ûмܹƥУԶҲˡֻϧĻ̫ƻˡ
Ρ
ɫԽԽˣ̫ӵĻ֪ĸǽ֮ʮ˵ãȻֵҲضش䣬״ģֻһƺãһΪۣƭĸ׶˽֮
Ļ죬Ļ졭
ָԽԽһ̣зһŻܳȼһɿµĸ֮


1588 ֮
쳣Ľ£亮˺ؾҲɫҰף벻֮£۸ӣ˶ֻΪ統Ϊɽɱˣ֪֮޷ġ
δʵǽΡ

̫ӻֹɫ԰ףһ̣Ŭ䵱֮£ȻҲǻδȽϹĵ£ᶯ̫Ž֮ճ䶨أ
̫ɫԽԽ԰ˣһǿʲôµһ˵ҵʱֻһҲ֪ʲôǹǳ£һ˲䣬ұ㱻ιȥˡ
˴̫ɫɷ̧ͷΡΡ˵ӦǲδԶãɵ֮ʱ粻ˣĻҲˣ˾ƾʧһûκһ˿ۼϢǸطһһľص˱ƻ֮ǰʵ̫ˣΪֻһξ
̫ӻѣʱʮ꣬Ȫȵ飬޷һС
δ֮󣬸ü˵̫ӲδۿǿĪǡʱգ
ˣʧһϢûˣﱻƻһУԭ֮ǰ
ȻұӤҿ˲ݴӤԭһУξġ
̫Խ˵Խǲҵʱ룬Ļ綼Ѿˣ⺢ӡֻҪĺӴȥĻҲʧҪѺӱʱȻһӰһƱ㽫˳ȥ
˴̫Ӳһ£ȫһ֮£ҿòʱѺӶ֮󣬻عͷ˵һ仰ҲҾڴΪɲ⣬˵ѾˣȫʢʱڣҲδؼĶ֡
˵̫֮ƽһ飬ż˵ҲʱԶһϹռҼҲǡ⹫ճˣճ֮󣬿Ǻ˰Ѻˣûйңȥ׷Ǻˡٺ飬ұ㲻֪ˡ
ѵ˵꣬Ĭ飬Ѿ֪ˣһ˱ٻռң⹫ճѾ˵֮¡
׷ҹʱ䣬⹫׷Ǻˣȴ֪ݣһмߣħˣǵˣȴ䡱⹫
⹫֮£صռңŷԼڣʬħڵǺ˵ݣһգȻδؼãһˡ
꣬Ҳ⹫Լȥ淲֮صģһԼݣڷ֮أֻҪ緲ƽƽһȢӣʬħҲͲ
ǵ꣬⹫ϵһƽССׯȴԼһҹ֮䣬ȫѣΨԼڷ֮£ȴħ֮д
飬ˡ
̫̾һЩ飬ʮ꣬ÿÿ֮ʱ±˿ξЩ鿴ȥ׿˵һࡣ
۾뵱֮ʱΪԼֻһͨͨˣû뵽Լȴۡĸ׵ҲֻһֱػԼ
ã̫ӣһΣ˭ɱҵġ
Ŵһոһ±úˣ亮˺ؾһε飬ֻ̫ͬʦ֪˿֪顣
̫ӣʱòģһ־飬ҲԽ棬п־֮ɫ֣·һɲǣѾһӰӣ
ǣǡ
ͻȻ䣬̫˫ֶҲһ²Ѫ˿ɫǿٱϺڣ֮ϢѸɢԱߴ亮˺ؾ˽һʦ֣
Ҳһ˲䷴ӦһˣȻ̫ȻûκϢûܹȻ
˿ֻ̣̫״ֲ˫ֶԼȫƤϣ֮ɫ˫ҲѪ˿𽥱Ϻڡ
ǡ
δҲ΢΢ɫ૵֮⣬ɱӰΣɱֶΡ
ʦ֡ʦ֣
亮˺ؾ䣬ȻĲδܾȻ̫ӣ֪ɱֶκ
ˡ
δ̫һô͵Ϊֹˡ
ϣˡʱȻյ𽴫һƺǼС


1589 Ԥ
ع洫ȥһ𽣬ôˣ𽴫ոյϢƺɾ߸ˡ
ôˣδȻһصӣʵ
̫ӵʬ˿𣬴ĶԹԹҲ˽ᣬڴ亮ؾˣ֪ò࣬ˡ
ߡ
漴ȥ棬ʱ棬˲֪ղ淢˺£ǰߵ˼䣬ȥ
ܿ죬һڸ糱ˮʱ糱ˮȥֻʣˡ
ħǲƹ濴˿ʵΣ鶼𣿡
ʱȻپһǰֳĶ̫󣬶ңٶǷǣħ˿˵߰ɡ
ܿ죬һ˵ȱʱȥλϵӼȥڻ׷鹬ȥһȥȴ״ֲ̫ӡ

պ졣
̣γ¹⣬ƺ֮ϣһףЩգδ뿪Ҳû
¹͸öѪ֮ϣһ˿˿ϢҲ˳߱ȫ
ĸס
δĸ׵ӣÿÿֻԼԼһǴʱֻﴫһ˫֣ܵõĸ
ʹǵһ̣ĸҲԼ
ߣƺ֮ϣһֳξ£ԣǷһƽס
ĸԣǴʱϵȴһֱߣճҹʧںҹ
ʱĽŲ߽תȥȴδˣ¹Ƹһ㵭ɴ
δ룬ôˡ
㡣
δ߽ˣЩ죬Լһ˹κ߽ĵˣ
û¡
ҡҡͷһΣΪҵ̫ӣҳһ࣬ȴû뵽һеС
δǰḧӣţû£Ǵ˿̣ȴ֪ΰοֻһһֱߵġ
δ롭
ʱ˿̣·¹⣬ҲδϴǳǳЦ῿ϡ
ҲܵΥᣬ˵ĸ׻ڡһϲɡ
š
δȻǳЦ˵ͷ
һĸѾˣҲܻһرԼˡ
Ļ졭Ļ죡һУǸĻˡɱĸס
һ
һɲǣδزɺ֮ԽĳԽʬħѡ
û£û¡
ʱ˿̣δֻܾܵƽʬħ˺һֻ̧֣棬һƺƺֳһ㡣
ʬħ֮ʱǳ֮գʱ޷ȥ󣬻ĺ
δ룬õġ
ḧ˸ӣδ룬ȴе֮ɫԺΣҪһˡ
š
˵ͷһգʶδȫʬħռǷ·ʬħĳֹϵˣʬħҲɢǣʬħܹʶȫռ
ˣԽԽܵʬħӰ죬ܵʬħӰ죬ǳޣɱ¾ÿÿҲֻʦ괫ڵķֻǣһЩҵ伮ɼһЩʬħĸӰ졣

ʱֹȥգ⼸գȻûôȥֻ̫صһڣӺ͹ħҲ֪٣׵ֻ̫꣬ص׵׻ŶٲΪ֪ݡ
㻹𣿡
ʱδӵ˽ﻹż伮ʲôŹֻͨͨĵҵ伮ȻģղŻδ˹
˫ü΢˵̫˵Ҳм٣ܸо»ԶԶû˼򵥣ֻ̫صꡭ
δ֪ʲôֻ̫صģ벻ʲôˣȻͼıΪ˹䣬棿
֪ĵʲôοģţһɣǴˣ׷һ˽˵аħ֪˭һֱߣ۶ԴҲô˵
δ롭
һ̣ԺԼԼֳˣģӰ꣬ĸҲԸô

δƤһЦĵ伮˵ˣȻģղ˹Ҳѹʬħã㿴ɣҲˡ
š
תȥıӰֿ˿ĵ伮뵱ƽʱȻЩ伮ŪȴȻЩ伮
δȥ棬𽼱Ҵƽʱ򣬰𽲻ˣռ죬δסȥ·𽣬ʲôôż

һ̧ͷղžûע⵽δ˵飬ϡ
δ⼸Щʱڵţʲô飬Ұɡ
⡭
ЩԥδһôҲ֪𣿡
ǡ
˵ǡ
գ㽫˵˳һ˲䣬δɫôδй棬̧ͷѹ飬֪
ǡ
ԥһ£漴׻δ˼ˣδ˵ͷ°ɣ£Ҳ֪
ǡ
գ𽹰˹֣ȥˡ
ԶȥӰ󣬻δתĴһϣɫֲôϸ֮ʱһֱЩֲĸо
ԭΪΪĽ٣ɾžؽѹЩɲĸоǵûм٣ԽԽأԽԽԭ
٣Ÿտʼ


1590 ֮
ףңϦ֣

δ룬ʲô𣿡
ʱ˳Զƺʵղţ𣿡
±һЩɵ飬Ѿȥˡ
δ˻ȥ˿ΧȻƤһЦϣǲ˽ʲôӣ
ʲôӣɻδʱ龫֣ĪָԼʲôˣ
ߣ
δһߣٵϸˣ˵ţһ˯Ƕʱ䣬ǲǳҶ˵δ룬ˣҾȥ仨䣬ȥҶȥ
㣬㡭
ʱ˵Щһ£δ룬ô֪ѵЩ㶼ˡ
ۣ
δһЦߵҵȻ˯ŵʱ治֪˵˶ٻأߡţϣ˵ɵ㻰ǳʱڣȥ档
ҡͷһЦԶ˿عͷ˵ڸ£ﲻ죬Щ䣬ҪȻ¸ůһЩˣȥ𣿡
šﲻ
δ죬ҡ䣬ֲҡҡͷһЦĶͷˣ׼£ձ̡
ţ
ȥݣ
̫Զˡȥһɣȥݣԣþûȥˡ
ݡҲá
룬ֵҰɶҲϣȻͷ˵ûȥ档
Ҫ
δ죬ҡ䣬ȥ棬Ҫա˵ȥ棬Ҫɶ
ʵĥҡͷЦ˺ˣͺһȥɶ뷴Ҳ̫ԶʱɶҲ֪ȥˣȻͷǶ˴ЩСɶӦǲ
ٺ١
δһЦֵȥ׼ɣҲȥ׼ѣһ£ٻ
㰡
ҡҡͷȥɢɢҲãúһ˼ҪҵĻ죬飬ʱȷ°ɡ
δ뿴ȥӰϵЦݽʧˣģֻǴЩɬӡԲԭһΣ˽һء

߷壬ΡλԪŵģࡢ诡Ȩᡢᡢ߷ԱУΪվΪأΪº
׳ʣɽǧѵһϿʱϼʱƹʱ¥ʱ֮Ӱֹ֮½ľ󲻶ϡ
һ죬ԭգ߷򣬺һϮһ˵ý֮һ±㽫ΧסˣɽϽʱâ콣󣬾޷ֲ

ʱǺȻһֲĴЦŵĵӷ׷׳ֽϺȻһȵô౦أ

ֲͳڵǾ֮ʣ棬Ȼһſµţ֮ڣ򿪵򡭡ţ
Σ
ڵӾ֮ʱȻһ콣⳯ϷȥȴϴӵˣȻ⾪춯صһնȥȴ˿δǵ
ǵñĻ
ֻһЦǺﴫֿԶȥˣϽӻɽֻϾк֣˽ǧġЩħͷĻȾ
ʱ˱ĿãʵǱΣ
Ȼһǧ٣ĵģȻԷѡڴʱ࣬Ȼǿ׼һΣľžٽʱžٽ٣༸λ϶Ҫػɽ٣ʱǱ
üϵ⼸ƵƵʦõٽ⼸໹ʦ棬¡ݺ֡Щħˣʱ㴳ɽҲ޷ʦá
š
÷΢΢ףǰѾȥͬԮҲ֪Щ˽յûһڣֻЩͬţҲԹ˲Ͼˡ
ѰʱɽλټɽվɽϽŲκƫƫһΣٽ٣ʱλػȻҲ׼ġ
ʱ˽ȥʦܣΣ
ϵˣĻȻҵĽЩȾ
ʦû°ɣ
üҲüΪĵʵΪȾ磬˽һʦܵĽȾԪض
û£ѱȥ
һ˵ţһϵʦֿȥ˵ʦ֣ô죿ҵģǼħͷضѡʦöɽʱϮʱֻ¡ֲǷǣµֵסǼħͷ
ü΢ĬʵһΣĵĲţɽŵԨ񽣡̫ᡱ֮ʱЩаħϮƾ̫ᣬԨ֮һ֮
ĵģǼħͷùɽػѰʱؾ䣬ɽʧܣ֮£³ֵΪһΣ֮١

̾˵һΣֻȥ̨ʦˡ
ʦ塭
ϼ˾һ֮䣬һԾ£˺ʦ꣬һΣΪʦó𣬱ϾǼ£ҲΪʦãš
̾һ£ѾȥôˣʦѲԹˡ򵱳ᴫǵӿľƷ


1591 ԪϦ
壬λ֮ҡ⣬߷߷壬Զɽ廷ǹº
ˮ̨ľ֮һΪһȻأˮʮֱ̨룬һø߲껨л
ʱˮ̨֮ϣˮ羵仨ƣϥĿʱˮ棬˿δһ˿
ʱڱˮ̨棬ˮһ統꣬ʮ߰ģһٻȹ˫ֽü⣬ʱʱ֡
ǵͣʱаħ಻ǡַʦٽûܺú˯һ죬ÿÿ˯ãֱجξѡ
꣬ʱʲôҲŰ꣬ʦʦ㣬ʦǣʦ棬ʮ۰ΨʦƽģҲ˵
֪ԭһλʦֻ֣λʦ֣ںܶǰѾ뿪ˣŵ꣬˵﷢˼££Ҳλʦйء
ʱҲ֪ˣԭʦˣλʦֻ֡˵
Դˮ֪ԭһλʦֺÿÿȥۣ֣ˮϪˮ̨·ܿλʦֺʦӰӡ
һֱʮ꣬ڳˣҲ¶ģһҪȥҵλδıʦ֣͵͵ɽշתħˣҲͬţڴλʦ֣пܻȥɽ
һ·᪶ȥɵλʦʱȴ֪ǰˣһֱѰλʦ֡
ΣÿһΣʶԷΪҪ뿪ÿһΣȴֲ֪οڡ
ʦ֡
仨ʱˮƺ֮⣬ɽ֣˶˵ʦħʦֱǸʦ֡
ǵ꣬ɽһֱʦ֣¼ʦֻ֣Ҫʦֻˣ㲻Щаħˡ
һʦѣʦ֣𡭡

죬ɹºͻδѾ·ȥˣҲˣƻ֮ʱɶ˰죬ҲûӰӣܻӸȥ㣬㣬㿴𣿡
𡭡
Ĵ˿ʲôˣ˵˽Ԫڣ϶Ǻδ빬ȥˡ

ɶһһ£૵ȥ棬ҡأ粻Ҫˣ硭
ɶȵȣ˵
Լ˵©죬æǰ׷ȥɶȴŶ䲻ͣǰܣҲҲҲҪˡء
ɶȵȣ˵
Ҳһֻèҡ

ҹĻᴹ֮ʱͻδѾݷ֮أﻪƳ˱ȼ࣬˵֡
ʱʲôֲδ붨Ҫԭգʮ壬Ԫڣ뿪ѾãȻⶼˡ
Ӵӣ˵㲻
δȥֻҼһŵƽʣϸǳˮַǷȥ̻֮УʨӵģˣƵģвµյģǣ
ҹŻǧ䣬ꡣ·תһҹ衣
ۣþûôֵĵƻˣ
δ룬һ㡣
·̫࣬ײͯߵ̫δĽСŲһգ۱㲻Ӱ
δ롭δ룬ȥˣδ룡Ŀȥֻɽ˺ƻãȴδӰˡ
棡
δ벻֪ʱϻһߣƤɰתȥҡͷһЦ
һ·ƻ֮ȥ·ʹ˻䣬ֵԪᣬֻСʱ꣬ȥ棬ʱ溽㡭
һôֲδȻóĬ죬üСʵ
عҡҡͷźǧյĵӰ˵Сʱ򣬰꣬ȥݳǣԪҲ֡
δϵ飬ƽȥΧ֣Ҳ·ͻȻðˣѾȥôˣﻹڣҲѾ˰ɡǴ˿̣һһ䣬޲Ƕ׷
ˣûµġ
δᱧ˵㳤ˣһܸˡ
Ǹδ룬ҡ
û£ȥӱ߷Żƣ
δӱȥСƣһУȻ˫ۣ˫ֺʮԸ
Կʱ»Ũϣ覣˺һδһĿԼЩ˼ˣ۶ߵͷСôʲô


1592 ֮
һֻ̣˵ʱһĻĻ˵Ҳ
ѽô˵˼һ᲻˼
δ͵͵һЦ˿̵ԽˣƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷʵϲ𣿡
ҹɫҲһЦ˵¡
šδ룬˵صҲϲ
°ͣٲ¡˵꣬ȻһЦȥ
ţ㡭ܣ㿴򣡡
δһ·Ӧһ·׷ȥʯͷһ£תסˣ˵䣬ܹùϵģҲֻˡ
ߡδһǿ϶ˡ

ҹ磬ƻ貣ݳǵĺϣյһĻҹδ롭
֮ͻδķ֮أÿһطһ飬Щ죬ҲЩ֮£Ժ
һհʱ֣һ򣬵ʯ·ٲȻ¹һС꣬ﻹһɲľҷ
򲻴󣬵ҲСĶ࣬һɲǣطһ֮˵ϢЩ֣֮ⷲأ֮˵ϢҶԷʮ
ôˣ
һ̣ȻδҲһ֮˵Ϣ٣ôᣬһСС֮أô֮ˡ
ߣȥ
˳һϢǰȥδһ죬Ҫסһ̣ѾǰȥˣҲȻһֲõԤС
֮˵ϢǴһջﴫʶһ̽㿴һͷŴԼʮ۵ĵˣһЩǡ۵ˣ
ǵĴ֮һλ򣬿֮ⷲأ۵ˣǴȥ˹֮ⷲأ
ջʮ˵в̫ߣΪҪϢ̽˵׾٣ΪߵϵʱҲֲʶ
ֻһ˵ģǼħͷ˵ǼΪĸߣƫƫĽ٣ֻǡЩѶԸˡ
һֵҿص飬ûô򵥣ĪǼħͷǳȥġ
ţɽǱߣѾòɿˣ˵˲٣Ӷˣȡѹ̫ὣԨ֮һֻԪŵضб䡭
ҵǾЩ֣ͻȻһ¾͹ɽķѵǴ˵ˡ
˿̣ǿջ漸˵ȻɫʦĽ١δ룬㡭
һɲǣˣΪЩ죬δ붨Ҫ֮ⷲأԭǡ
һԲ𡭡
δԣһɫҲЩ΢΢ףһհǰ˵һ£ʱǳ֪Ľ٣ǲһУҲϹȥ
һΣһʮֲĸоٲδȥȥţ£Բš
δ룬㡭֪ܲȥԼ
δ۾𽥺ˣҲЩʣֻǺ£ٻûйȥ֪֪˽㱻ץȥֻȥӣѣȴŲȥ
δ룬Ҳ㣬ʦһҪȥ
ԥָһעһ촫Ѷ
δ뿴֪һΣȰ費ˣȻȰ費ͺһȥ

ΡΡ࣬Ԫۣ֮֮ڣ˴аħ˱ܣ棬ɴʱȴħƱգֱڱβ񷣬ʵǧ֮١
¡¡
һףʱҲ£׷Ѱ֮٣٣ͬСɣвʹٸߵΪҲҪ֮£ҷ
ˮֻ̨ˮ֮ϣľ֮ڶ棬໹桢üϡԨϡϣλϷķһԷаħ֣ɽ٣˵ȴ٣ػԷ⡣
գ˷аħϮûˣŵս˵ֱӼһ롣
϶ٲ󣬴ƴɽضѪȾ࣬һ
ϺȻһµֻǹӳһſֲħϢգʵľ
ŵѰӺ˿ֲ˵ѰľߵˣҲľ
죬߼˹죬ɽɽħϢգȻҪµö࣬һŵģҲչöࡣ


1593 
¡¡
༸ɽ壬Ȼ䶼棬ʯǶɫɷףѵɽĽƴѾȺаħ
˿ǲƽĺǺӡĿֲǺȻʧɫ
ţ
ʱһӰȻ㳡ָϵĺٲ룬ձؽɥ˵أ
ȴˣڵӼһЩϡ
Ǻǡ
ϣǺִɭɭЦӣһǡħԪơջ㾫ֻǲ֪ɷ壬㻹ܳŵüʱ
ϡ
һԣڵǺȻһ˿ȴɫ˪аħԱ֪
£Ȼɽʱ콣ʱ÷ƾ䣬ʧɫŵġ콣ħ
ݣ
ĽֱǺնȥǽһʹˣɽ
ȻĽҲ˵Ǻˣֻǽ˳ȥ
Ϣ֮ʱּ˴һ˫һϣ϶ʱ֣ĽҲȻһɽâͳǺնȥ
ɾһ˲䣬ʺȻһٿػһӰһ죬ϲٵһ̧ͷȥֻ˽ƾһֵ֣ס˵ɽ
Ǻǡ
һɫѣЩ£͸һа֮˫Ѫü棬ȴһʮֹȵӡ
ֻ˱һƣջ㹦ǿϣķ񹦣϶ΪһɳƵһΨһ㡭ֻǵлЩ
£һͣʱһɺڷ磬һ죬һ±㽫˻ȥ
һɲǣҲشһ㣬⡱ȥǽһϣ
ʱһɫӰȻӺ˳һְ˼ϣʦܡ
÷һɫۣƮȻɣ򶨣ȴˡ
Ǻǡ
һЦһĺΣϴʱѾоˣ澭з֮ʹ
Ŵԣһ¥ɽӯˣɫ䣬˿ʱ˺׵ʱǿ϶ǹԲ顣
аħҽǧУҲҪն£
ȫԪһɽȴٿһ죬ϣʦܣ
ķͳ񹦹ȻʦѾ˴ħɷ֮ǿ˹ħɷģ߻ħ֮ա
Ҳ֪λʦʦӼ꣬ܲüձЩаħȥӦսȴ̶Է͵Ϯˡ
֪ˣ簲ʦȥػɽ٣໹ڳֻǰ˺һ򲻺ͣҩһ£˱й磬һ˫ϵˣֻﲻ˵ˡ
ڣ϶δ⿪ûȥػɽ٣ڿ簲ȥˣ˵˫϶
ʦܣȻصϢƬ̣Ҫôħ񡣡˿˿аӣɫƽ˵
ʦ𡭡߰ɣ
ʱ¥ɽӯȵҲ˹ƫҲڼ˺˵˵֮£ڿϻصϢ
ɽϣ߼аΪ˵ãһԵüʵüʦ㣬˵˭
ü˫üЩ׼˵ݣһԷڵ޵֮һǺˡ¶棬Ӧǳħ֮ӣٶˡ
ԭˡ
һ£ԭ˲СֲñǼˣöࡣ
ʦ֣죬ҲЩ˽⡣
ʱһŮӵתȥһ£ǧʦãոȥˣҵҲ㣬Щġ
ֻǧ裬һȾ˵ʦ请壬ҸղЭλɽϲ󷨣Է⼸գħ˻请塣
ŶŶ
Ŵԣ߲ǧ˵ղǧʦԣʦҲ֪˼֡
ǧǺ˿˵޵ˣ֮ͨһšϤ䶴Ϥ̽ءڣΣա
񣬴˻٣ĶϤȷʵЩʦ˱͵Ϯг񹦻壬һ֮ˣˣǡ
ʱֲ˼⣬˶ϤÿλĹָƣѵ


1594 
СôǧһһսҲûˣ
ʱǵ棬ִٶĴЦ±ĵӼųԲѷǳаħҪڳԣٲȥؽ̶ɥ£
ǺǣǧǰԺŵĵӣһһˣ˿ͷ磬ǿµһţĪָ˵һ
棬𵭵һЦ󣬺ЩˣҲŴЦ
аħ
˳ŵĵӺ޵ֱҧĽȴȥڴˣ⻰׼ҪȥӦս
ȴʼ̩Ȼɫģصң뵱꣬Ǽλһ·磬ҲǺպ֮ȴ֮ˣǰһʱڿ죬Ҳôˡ

ڵԣ׷±߸ͣ÷ٶԣȻʱʱ䣬һ̣һ̡
ڶɽ٣ʱôܳȥӦսοǰɷȥţд˴Ϊ˼ţθܹʱԮԱ˼ɵգҲԮĪ;Уʲôʣ
ʱ棬Ҳﰵ˼⣬Ķ࣬ɽΪҪƣȷʵףһɽٳɹʱǾʧȥˡ
ʱһǹ͸Ϣ˸еֲȻһ֮ˡ
Ǻǣϵ㵽ڣòỹڵԮɣ
һδǹ洫ģȴһŮӵڵ΢΢һģǸŮħͷ
ɢ֮һŮӣȻ˸ŮӼѩ֣·ֻһ񣬱йǵȴ죬̨ǧ˳ơǧ涡
ֻһЦ˵ĻɽЩɣ˿ӦǶѾڰ·ϣɱ˸һɶ
Ŵԣﲻ˽һֲõնԮǱаħ·ɱˣһ쾿˶ˡ
Ǻǡ
ǧ췢һЦ̬ǧ˵ôã͸͸ôˣֹɽĽΣأǵȾһ˼ȥ
ʱϣڵһħͷҪһݣ̽Ž䱸
ð
ǺﴫһЦ漴ȥڲأֳǵӰ
ֻ쳣࣬ɷڣ˫Ѫ죬ϲ˳ħƣĳٶħ֮Ԩĳ
˱˴˶һۣ˲Ϣ䣬ѳϹͬСɣ칥Ĺ˿ɱȣʱδ΢΢
ڵӼħͷڣһǰһ̤˵˲ؽš
£̬˸ŽӡַһΧɽ壬ʱʢ콣ʱնȥ
Сģ
ʹǿǧ涺ҲСɽĽƽ󣬶һߵ£⽣ȻøĽնħǱѰ
¡¡
һ죬ֹͣ𵴣ˣѾ˳ȥ
Ȼмֱ¡
ǧ䣬һԭΪ⼸ǧ˼ħݣɼǹĶǣӦǺױ˼䣬ȴû뵽Ӳ
ѵǵɵǼλǿܹ˼𣿿ɵ˲µķӡ̫أĴۺͳħǣʱ򲻿˼䣬Ǽա
ʱȥһǧ涣㲻Ҫˣһ˼Ŀģɲ˼䡭ĪҪΪѹ˼䣬û֮ˣҪ⣬Ҫ̰ð
ԣǧ΢΢һȷʵվС˼䣬һΣĿģҪ˼䣬ƾǼˣҪ˼䣬Ҳܡ
һΣĿģǴɽµԨԳԨӡʹȫͨ˼䣬ʱĴۣħۣ촴ߡǿ߽٣˼䣬̽ȡ
¡¡
֮ʱǱߣȻ죬£˻ͷȥֻףҪ壬˽ԱһĻŵľҳ

һݣĽ٣ˡ


1595 ħɷȾ
¡¡
ǧ׽٣һ˲壬ʱָ֣㣬һݣԣ׽١ֻž١
Ǻǡ
棬һЦͽǴʱҪͽԪأǱɽµԨ
аħǱ󵷹Ҫ϶ɽ٣޳֮±ʱвٵӷ߷߳
Ǻǡ
ԣǧȴһЦɲĽ٣Ǻ£ңǺǡ
£ͳٶһۣղȻһâǱ߷ȥ
ˣħͷҪ϶ɽ١
ԶʱһһߣüͽһʦõĽ٣ʮˣ⼸ħͷеֻ²
غô˴ȥȥͻء
Ҳԥ弸λϽ֮󣬷һɨʱһ⣬Ǳ߷ȥ
ˮ̨ѱ֣֮ڶԿף棬üϡԨϡϡ໹棬˺˹Ҳֵס˲ס
һĽ٣Ѱ֮٣һߵľžؽ٣ֻܶɽ֮˶Կ٣ĪܸԤ򷴵ɽ֮˶ɽʧܡ
һΣĽȴѰ֮٣λػҪ֮ʱͬһĽ٣ʲô٣Ҳֻ㵽֮١
֮಻ͬʹ໹棬Ҳδܿһľʲô١
¡¡
£ҵǣǷ֮أŨɽ֮飬ѷ壬Ҳɵ²׽١
ˣ໹ҲҴ⣬Դʱף˿иʱƺӿֱ߶
ħͷ
໹Ӧ˴ʱǧ涣ԼٶϢˮ̨洫ȥʦã㰲Ķɽټǣ档
ɱĿֵ֮ףʱ棬⣬Ҳ̼仯ǧ涡ٶӣ޷ȻͻĽƷ
ڱˮ̨棬ˮħͷ̼ɽħͷʦɽ٣ٲ壬Ҫ޻أ
ӴԭﻹһС㰡
ǧˮ˹޺ӣа룬Ҫʩưƭٽסʱؿ
ߣаħ
ˮһͦһ±㿴ħͷ뷨ȻԵ˭޺ȴɵҪȻһܵɽǵ֮ȥ
ʱһӰ˲Ϣԣȴˣˮʦˣ̰ѽ£ָˣʦʦ棬㿴㿴
š
΢΢ףһɷǣݲȵӣ˵ˮ㲻ú£ԺҲɳȥ
ţˮ֪
ˮ˵ͷǧ˿һۣһߣƭҳȥŶûС
ʱֳ˿ȥ䣬ʮֵȻλǲģȴ֪Ľƣأ׼˱³
Ǻǡ
ǧһЦ˵ϵҲ̸ˣĽƣôֺαؼҴҸ嶼Ҫˣͽһ
ŵν²ͽһȣվѡ˺߰һƣ߷壬һҲñ£¡
ʦ桭
ԣˮﲻ΢΢һˣʦ壬λҲ壬ô죿
λ߷֮ףһ屻ƣЩаħ塭
ˮȥߡ
ˮȥʱħͷԣȷʵ٣ڴʱӦ壬ĵλʮҪͬŻһ屻ƣôˣһ·蹥壬ʱ嶼
֮ԼҲֻΪ壬ǸղһɲǣһĽٲô򵥣ֳ⣬ԲŸϹ
˵ףǴôһ˽棬ͺλϻػԼͽһϣҲĵӡ
ǺǡĲǾֶΣħɷ죡
һȣʱаֲħɷֱ֮жȥ
ħɷ㻹ʱ
һȣȻ֮䣬ֻӿУһµħӰ
ˡ
໹洦֮Уʱԭʮ׽٣ʱһħɷ֮Ȼ˵ֵסʦڱˮ̨ɽ٣һܴħɷţֶ벻

ħɷĳˮҲһ˷һɨȥˮ£
˲䣬ֻһת⣬ǡһһһ˲ȻԳɣħɷԵֵ档
ǲ
ǧ˫һĿ͸׹⣬Ȼ˫һһҲ˴Ϯȥ
𣡡
ͻȻ䣬ǺħӰһ³߷˹ħԼʮɣħɷڣģʮֲֿħҪµöࡣ
ħ֮Ԩħħɷ
棬໹üһħɷܹ֮Ľƴ͸ħɷħɷ֪ʦһˣֵܷס
˫һһҹħϢ˵ֵ⣬ʱǱߣȻһ죬һ𵴣ĳ󷨱ˡ
ʦ桭㿴
ˮͻľһѭȥֻǱ߷򣬺ɷ죬Ҳ˲ħƣ²ѡ
ʱǧ涴һЦϵ嶼ûˣôȥ𣿡
ɫ򶨣ȴ룬ؽƣױƣ໹˶ڵ׽٣Էڴʱȥħɷ壬𣬾໹ˣҲħʴ
ʦ棬㲻ҪģȥǱ߳ʲô
ˮСģ
˻δ䣬ˮһ̣ȥˣƬ̱㲻Ӱ

壬ǵڣȣǣ΢ͨʵ֮ʤأʱɱ֮֮Ӱңȥħɷ֮ħ档
ô¡ͻȻôаɷ֮
üͽ˳ֽնɱħЩħնɱԶ쿴ħħֻܿʹĵͼħˣһιŵģȻǱѰħ


1596 
ɷɷɷ
֮䣬ЩħѾӿ糱ˮһ㣬ڣȻڵһʱƬ̼䣬ҲѵӴħ
ţ
ڵӻ֮ʱλϳֽ˳콣ն£ʱħնڽ¡
һߣԾ˲䣬ɽɫӰХֶħɷ֮ҲЩħ˵Ĵӣ˵УΪ
ʦ֣
ʱüͽֽ߿£˹ԶлشӽӰӰ˷նһһħ
лشǱ߿˿ǱлʦһֵܵסʱҲ޴󰭣˵ʦܣʦãȥǱ߿˶ħͻȻӿҵ󷨳⡣
ţ
ԣüҲԥ˱˴˶һۣ̻âطǱ߷ȥ
ߣħԽԽ̶ͣƬ̣ɢ֮ˮմǱ߸Ϲ˴һĻҲһɽ㳯Щħնȥ
ˮôˣ㲻𣿡
һնɱħһˮ߻˹˵壬϶ɽ٣

ˮһʱ仹ûܷӦΪﹻɽ٣ֻڣλ϶ȥ壬ﲼ²ƣڣȫģʦֻǲԸΣյĵطѡ
ģ
˵֮࣬мֻħƽһնʱڿеˮӰһɲǱ㽫Щħ˳ȥ
ˮȥһնɱŸħһȻˮİΣ

ˮʱҲڷӦˣǰʦʦΪ˱岻Ҫ˵ʲôҪʦɽ٣ĿǰĵУﹻʦɽ١
ûû¡ʦ㲻Ҫġ
ˮ˿ʦʦǶڿħԸһ˶壬ǵСʱҲɽϳЩħնɱȥɲʮر｣ܲʹô죬ֻҪ֮ˣҲܹԱ
ݣ
ʱԶնļֻħնȴǧ߹ˡ
ǧʦ㣬ˣ
ڶʦʦ棬ˮǧߵʱҲ˹ȥ
ǧ˿˫ü΢΢һ壺ˮ㲻ô
ҡ
ˮ˿ԶЩϹħ˵Ҹղ忴ɷ죬͹ʲô¡
СһЩ
ǧüһʱ˲ԣˮΧħնɱȥ
ΧħȫնɱԶһӰ˹ѩ˪һնһֻħüϵĴӣǧѩһҲʮ֮ߡ
ǧʦã
ǧѩʦ㣬ôˣ
ǧѻعȥǧѩԺżģʵ
ǧѩҵҲҲ㣬ʦ请壬Щħﲻ֪Ӻδҵ请Ҳħﴳ룬ҪȻȥ
֮ǧܿ˿΢΢ͷתˮСһЩҪܡ
ţ
ˮͷǧѻعǧѩҿ˵꣬㻯һƽ⣬请Ǳ߷ȥ
ˮ
ǧѩˮ֣ˮҲܹɵ˹ȥţǼǧ谮ϣλϲʦʦϲʦʦҲ
Ƶüˣ˶ϲϣ⵹Ҳ޹֣ˣҵô涥ײϣм˻ϲ
˿̣ΧɱʢˮֻҪһ뵽λʦ֣һ˵ȻʧÿÿʦֻǶֻѹãҪʦִ˿ڡʦֻ
ʵʱ뵽ģֹˮһˣҲͬ˵ãֻÿÿ뵽£֮£ϻľɵοѾ֮ˣֵ¾ۼģȫЩħ֡
¡¡
壬ɣһ֮ħͷǹɽ壬ʱѾħ롣
ţƾǧһ㣬ħ֮ħӿﻹյʤˣ
ʱ̨ǵ֮أ޽ƾնΧͨǵׯϣָֻȴҶƮһ˵
ɳɳɳ
ɨ֮촫ħ޷ЩħҲҿ˴ʮŸͨ˲ɢǿ𡢳ǧˣҲ̨Ƚ֮ء

˿̣һ̾Ϣһ洫ɨ֮Ҳֹͣˣɨ֮˵ӰԵǱˣǵ괫ľĿˣҲһϣʦ
ʱڿ˵󣬲֪ʱȴһȻӰ


1597 
Ҽǵһ̨꣬ϣҲˣĻҶ֪׹䵽ʱ
ǵӰȥһ̾ɨ㣬ԵĴ£˵飬ôˣǲԸ¡
һӰǱˣȴǵ飬ֻܹ뵽취̨
Щ꣬һֱ̨ǰڵҲڵ
¡ľģҶҲʦ㣬ʱ¡
ӰԽԽˣԣԳ鴤һ£Ȼǳһ̾
֣ʱվˣѾǵǸͽˣЩ꣬ԷһУ޲ԣǱţαװˣʵ޷롣
ҲǳһζԷΪʲô
飬㵽գҪ𣿡
֮£ԨǣѲʲôܣȻղ鲻աĺ˻ģֻ̫صҲ
㣡
ԣһתȥǰˣǰһֽ̳ĵӡ
Ϊɽµ֮Ȼϧа֣գҪ߸˼䣡
֪죬ʲôʲô⡭
Щʼƽ֮£й
˫ָ󣬵صʲôҺθɣҲǣķӡѣĴкιϵǿеĲҺθɡ
㡭
˻һ벻ǰˣѾֻǱȻΪһ˽²
ʱգԷվǰҲԸţǸӣ˽£Բԣѵ
һɲǣѾ뵽ʲôɵɫһ䣺㡭ѵҪֶΡˣ
Ȼ˫ָĬȻʱֻݡһ죬ӰѾ˿˵ĺ档
ǡ
һϡص
ֻˣȴһһŮеһɫѣԱ䣬Ůɴ棬ȴ֮
ˣֵµ֣ͫ濡ǼȥѰҷӡڣ˴ҡ˫ָ󣬵˵
ǣϡ
ͫ濶һۣԥʱһһȥˣ˷ɷħϹʱڣֻ֮ҪͨϵĽƣҲᳯǴ
֮ǰȥɽǴΣ濺ͫҲȥ˹ɽ磬һΣȥɽΪѰһֽɽ֮ʯɽ֮ʯ̺Ϲɽܹ֮Դɽķӡ

ʱ⼸ϣħӿ룬壬طѱȾǼλڴˣƾ峤ϣӦ磿
¡
ͻһ죬òһ̧ͷȥֻ棬һڷİϢʱ˸еһϡ
ţ
ļλϣվ˳ԴʱǺڷϢ¸˵вǳҲ̸Ϣ
ġ
Զ˫һİϢؾûˣǱ˼Ѿãδ֪ϴγ죬ţĿľڣڣĵĲֹǰǽᷢʲôʲô˳֡
ü̲סǱ߷ȥֻǱֶ죬һβֹʦõĽ٣ǣĽ١
ڣڷֳֻȫһ֮£ڣܹĿ
ħˡ룡
λɽɽϵĴҲƸӦǿпųһҫ۶ĿĽ⣬ǾģҲ׿Щ׵Ľ
ʱһӰ˳ԪϢһʹø
ȴˣµҩָֻһһҹʱѾħɷ֮ѹס˿ֳֻɽĿĺӰаħ㲻̤һԣ
ϡϣ
ϳٳϵӣ߸˹㳡вħӿĿһӿʱ⸽ӿħһ
Ǻǡطĵĸҵӣ񹦣Ȼ˵á
УɭɭЦƢ𱩣ȴ˪аħձؽɥ£
Ǻǡ
ɭȻĿ⳯Ǳ߷˿ǰӣȻ˵ãԵֵɷѶԸģˡ
˼Ѿãκ˶˵ΪѾ˺εȵزֻʱδȫΪⴥɣ˥һֱѹżΪ˲
Ҳ֪һԻ̫ᡱ񽣣˽ѹصǧδˣ˵Ĺδܷʮ֮һһ˽ֻֽգ콫ȫûڴˡ
ԽգҪ취شˣ޷̫ᣬ˼⼰ˣջĿ⣬ϡ
ϡϣˣ
ʱɽºȻӣӻѪŵĳҲڵѪ
ôˣ
ӾʧɫӣһλǰǶɫҰף˵ɽºȻöħˣʦֺʦǣѾֵסˡ
ʲô
ԣλϾɫһ䣬ɽħ˳ѵɽŵ󷨣Ѿ
ˣɽĽƽȻҲֻܵס֮ˣͻɽ󷨣˽Ļǲᴥɴġ
ɱɱɱ
֮䣬ǺɱѾ嵽ɽߵ˽һô죬Щħ˾ͻɽµķ󷨡
ʱħ棬Ҳĸ֣λϲҴ⣬һʱɽȥˡ
֮ʱĺȻһİ֮н裬Ȼ⸽һ
ȥԸˣ
һϷȥܹԸĵģֻһˣɽķ󷨣ѾͻˣôˣٽĽȥ
ɽ£ɱ֮ԽԽأۼЩħ˴˷ǧѩһߵħڣʦãտˮȥ±ߣ䣬˲仯һ⣬ɽ³ȥ
ǧѩʦ㣡
ߵһȥΣգǻδü˵ڣǧѩѾӰ
ʦ㣬㲻õңЩʦЩħˣ˲ҡ
ˮһ˵ţһ߼ɽǴæɲ뷴Ҫʦǹ˼
תħͣˮǧҪܣҪвϣǿɾͲˣ֪𣿡
ţ
ˮסͷʵЩѾˣǵ¶СŮֻЩģûжٱ仯Իʦʦǣʼհһ
š
˵ͷָ˸ͷ˵ǧѩʦӼЩħƴȥ㲻Ҫ


1598 
ţ
ˮɽȥˣʱлشλʦһУҲȥ̶˷ˣȻֻΪ
˿ֻ̣˫һʱһϹ֣ϸȴһɴ£֣Ʋһÿȴǵ꣬ü͸ķ¡ɵֵзĹ
ʮ꣬лشü⡢˶һ˵ʲô֮ŷƽ֮
ڵü⼸ûͷҲƫģֻʱ̫ӣ˵ģ˷ֻ·ǳһҲֵùκηˡ
ʱֻˮ˸ӡһ±ƮطǱ߷ȥˣϸ֮£һⲻӻơ
ˡ顱ǴʦͣҲϲģԺϵ£ﶼȥ͵࣬ҲǽŴ˷űܿгϡ
ܿ죬ˮѾط壬Ҳдħ˳üͽһЩϵӣڼУȻɽ¸ķ󷨣붼⵽ƻ򲻻ô˹
ϡϣ
ʱӴҴܵҴҵšˣ
ŵĵ𣿡
üͽ˹ŵ˵ˣɵˣҲӦǵˣڿԻŵ֮ˡ
ݣ
˵䣬ط壬Ӱ˽˴磬ֱһ°׷ˣһʦ̫һµʦ̫
ˣŵӣʦ̫ʦ̫ü˸Ҫǰȥʱڸߴһϵˮȴóһⲻľӡ
ĻǼٵġ
˿ˮŵľӣǽ͸ġ诹⾵ǹһձ֪
ⲻղ֪һչȻǼٵģֳģµĻħˮôһλʦСģ
ĺһ»عͷȥſ±ôΣգɵɫ΢΢һ䣺ˮôʲô
ʦģаħ
ˮò֪ô˵һ̿ŵ诹⾵һ·Ӧ˹ԥתһƳ˴ȥУ˹Ȼһ±ֳ
ħ
üһһն˹ȥû뵽Щħ˵ãͽʦܶδҪˮ诹⾵ճֻ±ЩаħǱˡ
ݣ
ʱɽһ罣һ±㽫ֻħնˣ£ȴӡʦ̫ʦ̫ˡ
ˮ诹⾵գλʦ
ǰǰˣ˵գղžаħûλʦӣҺʦƭ˹ȥ
ǰӣ˵ʦܣΪԶڽü֮ϣʦ̫ʦ̫ˣպ˵õĳԹЩ£ҲͰˣźЩһ򽻺ãյϢԻΧ
Χ˿˵λʦãյϢˣ룬һЩħˣ˽
ʦ
ӻ֮ʱһһŮģģݣŮò毺ãȴӵͽܻ飬˵ĵ¶ڵ񣬱ʲȴָɱ⡣
ʦħˣѾɾˡ
˵ʱü⿴˿¶ϣҲмֵ֮ɫϾһų֮ףΣȴòøԮ
š
΢΢ף˵ǺߵʦֵȥطСһЩħ˿ѾûͬŻ룬ϸֱ档
ǣ
˶һۣҲԥֻ⣬ȥˡ
¡
ʱǱߣȻִһ𵴣ʱɫһ䣺ãħ˿Ѿͻơ
ӵ²˳٣̹ȥ
üϷȥˮ
ŶŶˮ̼飬üˣǱ߻ȥˡ
ȵʱȴع˶УͻȻʧ˰µĺҹһѱ涫ϱ˾ĵȪ١
ʱ壬ƾһ֮ħͷħɷʵ
Ǻǣ壬ѾˣصӣʱҲ߰˰ˣһСֵ𣿡
УЦͼ˺໹˵񣬶һ˲䣬˺Ȼǰ˸ӡüһһ֮͵س˴ȥ
Сģ
һʮֲæܿȻˣҲһǧȻк֣
ɫģָһɽһƾն֣ȻԳɣ͵سնȥ
ӳ֣ǲӲչԶȥʱɽºȻһӰ˻Ѫ죬أǱˣȴˡ
ʦܣ
ʦ֮أڱɫʱּѾ˱ܣٿǣȥȻ˵һɲǣȻԣʦܵӣأ
飡
˺Ȼһ˹һƼ˷ӦˣһһҹĹҲδܱܿԷһƣشؿڣۡһѪ󵹷˳ȥϵɫۣʱȾѪ
ʦ֡
ˮ̨棬໹ܰ㣬Ҳɫһ䣬̨֮УҲüɴʱףڴʱ

ؿڣָһϸѨȥȴȻδֹһƺ
ǧѷһƣֻһССˣд󰭣ⰵеһƺȴǷͬСɡ


1599 ħԪɷ
Ǻǡ
ֳԭΣһۣɷڣɷȴǴ϶ΪˡڲϢ
ħԪɷרΪ׼Ρ
˹ڱˮ̨棬໹һħԪɷ֣ɫһ䣬ʦֱ͵ϮħԪɷǲ
¡Ǻˡ
һͨΪ뻯Ȼʱ͵Ϯ˾ĵħԪɷȻƾһʱѹƣֻɫȴЩ˵ĲҰףͷҲ亹
棬ǧ涡ɻɽأڽƲδȥ˶ȥνȥģ
µݣҲ˵ˡ
Ŀɽأаħ룬ҷ𣬶ܹһ·壬ûдκһƣǾֻһֿܣ˲ħ
Ǻǡ
֮£һɭɭЦһ˲䣬͵س˹˹ֻǸղһ£͵Ϯȣ׼ȻħԪɷһڣݾ
һɨҶһ𣬾һƣʱжȥǿա顱һ˵һ𣬵ʱɳ
ߡ¼ڲ޹Ȼħˡ
䣬һΧʮɽʱնɱȥ
ƷǷȣһ˲ܿа˼⣬ӹȻ⼸ˣħԪɷ֧Ųס˲ħԪɷѹڣʩչơ
˼⼰ˣߵǧ˿ȥλѵ㡭濴𣿡
а룬ĴˣȷʵĪ⣬Ϊ˴ķӡʱ಻ԥˣ߷˻Ŀǰ޷Ľƽȴš
ʱ壬ŨŨɢȥƵüһ㣬׷Ǳ߿ȥϣ
أ
ĹˣĵӰˣͷʱʱӺüӵѣ˴ղŷ£ΪŨڡ
˻ع˵ղ˸ʮ˵õˣóû֮Ȼȥˣҿʦֻ㣬ѣȲ˵ˣȥʦǱߡ
ˣ
һ˵ͬȥ˵꣬תƶ˵λʦãڴˡ
á
Ƶ˵ͷʦֺԶȥ˱˴˶һۣȻǰһйԹ˱ϾˣҲһ򼵶𣬽նϲԹۡ
ʱɽַӰˣȴǱˣǲطȵĶԼ׳̫ˡ
ǣ
ˮһ±ϳˣǵɽҪץסˣɽҪ˸ۣ׼ˡ
ʱ׳̫ˣҪﾹҪնħ֮ʦʦȥȣǱ
Щ飬ˮڻǵһʦͻȻ֣ˣˡ
üĿһǲطȵˡ
ˮǣˣţ϶Ҫû١
ˮղɺ
üһ⻰ûöԷԱʦ̫ʦ̫ȴüͷһ壬ˮô͵Ǹһһ
˲뵽ɽһЩ֮̾˻һúùܽһʹħѵҲûкúùܽ
ˣ϶ħֱģ诹⾵ȥճ
ˮ诹⾵ȥһĲͣա
ħ֣Ρ֣ô诹⾵ղСգաħ֣ӣ
ӴӴӴˮǸʲôû۾ÿÿ
ɣȻģգ㲻ֳԭ
ˮһ¾诹⾵Ѹٷ˹æ˱ȭǸλваħûͬŻСʦֶղ˾ţλ֡
׳Ц޹޹֡˴ȥЦݣ˵ֻǽû뵽ЩаħѾɽˡ
ʦ壡
ʱһӰ佣üĿӢȴǲطȹĴӣҹꡣ
ˮʦáҹʱˮк
ߣˮȴͷһƫطȣֻһ˲ˣҲᡣ
꣬ղſҪ˵ʱҹ꿴ȥʵ
ҹˮջĿ⣬˵ղյϢɷʦɽºһħ˴ˣʦܵӣħƣʦ壬Ҫɽȥ
ԣ˫Ŀһ˵ȥ
š
ҹ˵ͷˮ˿ͣɽһ⣬ɽ·ȥˡ
عͷ˵ʲôʱԶȻһ𵴣˽һ䣺⣬Ȼĳ󷨣ͻˣʦ㣬ȥ
ã
üҲԣǱȥˣʦ̫ʦ̫˿˿Ҳȥ
š
˵ͷȴδ˹ȥ⸽֮ʱż˫ָ˵֮٣˵ùȻûɽ棬һܣֻܣʲô
׳̫ˣԶ˼Ƭ̣̫򸽽һƬǽ忴˿ڵҪҲֻ֣Ľ٣̫ʱˣǼ˵Ϊаħδܳý

˵壬ԽԽֲ໹Ȼ޷һ˶ԿĵͬʱҪӦʩ͵ϮʱѾ˾ĵħԪɷһҲѾ֧Ųס
飡
һ죬񣬼صĳٴα˳ȥߣǧ˫һжΪħԪɷôãƾһˣò
ʱ˺ҲڸϵˣӸԣָһһɫɽ͵سնȥ
Ҳһ˲߶Ȼһӡ͵سĴȥ
Ǻǡ
ȣֻԭһӰ˲ɽ⣬һҲܶù֣ղѾ͵Ϯ˳ɹʱҲԷˡ
ʦ֣
һ˲˷˹ȥɫɷףһʦֵΪϲħ˰㡭
ֻһ÷һְؿڣ亹˵ħԪɷ
ħԪɷ
ԣ˸ɫһ䣬ħԪɷɲ챻ɷôˡ
Ǻǡ
棬һЦˣգţעˡ
֮ʱǱߺȻһ𵴣˺˾ɫһ䣬춯̨Ǳߣ


1600 
̨춯ʹһ侲䲻ˣʱҲɫ
˴ֻΪ̷̨֮أΪɭϵĵطȴ̨֪ʵɽķӡŦڣһ̨ķӡƣôɽķӡؽҡ
̨ǰѾ޽֮£ʵǡ̫ᡱ񽣣Щ飬ǵȻ֪
ôᡭ
һ̣Ҳȫɫ̨пʦأ̨ܹʦΪǼħͷ֣Ҳ޿ܣ
Ǻǡ
⣬һЦǧ˿ȥѾ֣ɽҡֻ벼󷨣ǧ׽١ɡ
΢΢һҲ̨Ǳ߷˿عͷ˵ǾĴˣ뵽뵱ѳ֡
ٶʲôȺ˵չ࣬ڱУһǻָԪʱҪٹ޽ʱˡ
ԼǣҿڣҲˣŲ˶ãҵȻǾ¡ǧ׽١ͽɽٳɹʱѶԸ
ǧ˵ʱˮ̨濴ȥ沼໹ݺ޷УܹõҲܹܵõһȶԷɽٳɹʱǵþĴۡħ۵ȴ˵ǿ֣߳ܶԸˡ
ߡ
ĲԣһʱһԶȥˣ˶һۣ΢΢ͷҲ漴ȥ
֪һҪ࣬ȳȥԸķֻ⡰ǧ׽١ɽѾҡֻҪǧ׽٣شʹ֮ɽʧܣȻҲضһΪʧ⼸ˣҲػ
˿̣Ǽ˺Ȼȥ֪д˲ǫ̂࣬ʧ˵ʦܣȥ̨
ã
Ҳԥһʱһ⣬̨Ǳ߷ȥˡ
ɫԽԽҰףħԪɷȡħɷ֮ԪټԾľĴѰ֮ˣµٸߣҲ߻ħˣȫƾһ֮ѹ
ѣ˶Ϣ
ã˶лˡ
ϥ£룬ħԪɷղŻܶǼħͷһУȷʵɲ⣬ʱҲԥ˫Ԫһ䱳ϵȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ȴüͷһ壬ѵϢ˻ң˵ŵˡ

˵̨ʱ̨𵴲ݣεмǾ޽ϵ죬˵Ǿ޽ǰߣɷףؿڣ亹乡
鲽صĻƣ˲ʦʦΪֻҪϥһʱɽ֮Ƴ⣬Ǽ˹ĻӾͲұ֤ˡ
飬㡭
ʹ֮ɫʹ࣬ڴ˿ʴԪľĻƣգųӣһִĵӣվԾĻԸ
ΪǾ¹ƣҲѳɹվǣʦͽ꣬鰵㡣
飬㡭ңΣҲ㡭
Ȼ䣬ֻ˫һʱӿϣҲһճȻǡ˱Ԫ
ʦֺαˡɻɢҲһҪֹôһ۾
Ȼʱ˶˱ԪҲЩ΢΢飬ʦձ࡭
ʦֺαˡ
۾һɲǣȻĿһ䣬˲ƣ͵س˹˹ػҶ𣬶һ˲䣬һһ˳ȥ
ǧѡ
˺ֻϣƮƮ˿ǰһȾǾգǧѡ
ǰ
ѡû뵽ҡҡͷ޷ˡСġ
š
ǧ΢΢ͷˮָ飬˪ȥü
Ǻǣƾ㣿
˿δһ̧һŨŨʱȥ

ʱϣ̨춯ط󷨣ɶˣħѾ壬û˺ˣѾˡ
Σ֮ʱߺȻмýֱĵӰ
棬һģһѪڣһ̻¶ϴһ飬һ˺ɷڣǰãˣѪ޺ۡűӡ
ǺǣţҪڽˡ
˼±һĻԥطƣ˳ͨ±ߡ

ɱϣһ·ɱ˽ĵӣɽֵȥȻΪ֮ߣƾһЩѰӣٶ࣬ܵסͽˡ
Ǻǡ
һһƺɴܳȥǱ֮ˣܿ㱻˾Ԫ
Ѫ
Ѫ޺۸׺ץһӣһҧ侱ϣȫѪ
ӷ𡭡նգűӴһ죬ץֻʧŮӣһڽ˻ȥ
˿ֲŵĵѣ׷ȥȻٳǰ
ｵ٣޴ӣ
һ̧Ϣ£ǱϢȾˣܿ죬ȻΪƵʬ⡣
ձؽ̶𣡡
ڣг߸ˣɹƾλϣҲѵ˵ĹƣʱһնȴǷ˹
ʦ
ˮ֪˳ʱ༸ɽ嵽ħ˹˽üҪħˣѾ˲ˡ
ˮ壡
ҲϾȥ˼ʱɽ˹ȥܼ棬Ϊߣɹ˵ҲǳֻһˣӦù

ˮСɷףʱʦʦ㣬ʦǣѾ˲ˣҲԸЩħˣ壬ʦǱˡ
ȻʱĿһϣСѾͷͽܣҲ

ۼҪˮȥһնȻһӰЯɱȻʹòؽ

һ죬һƴֵסˣǹȴһ˲䣬ˮץȥ

ˮϮҪӿ֮ʱȴһ»Ӱסˡ
Ҳᣡ
ˮ˫΢һʱʩչɲӰȻ̶ֳȵķӰ֮һ±㱻ʶˡ
ǺǣСӣ˼
һƷǿһ±㽫ĻӰɢˣˮ΢΢һɲչһԶɶȥ
Ǻǡ
·ӥһ㣬һ׷ȥˮӲֻüɽģʩչһסʮر｣
｣ʮ˵ãϧԶԶȻǾĽھѹ֮£Ҳûá

һ죬ˮĽˣЦôĹôӣҲˡ
䣬ֻһ죬һɺʱˮȥԶ״ɫһ䣬ҪǰԮɾűӺȻһȥ·ʹֻţˮܡ

ˮܣʱֻеȫЦСã£㲻㣬ֻҪһãԣҪԹԵġǽม


1601 ɱ
ˮ
ʱüͽҲˣϧһˮѾڹˣʦó֣Ƕ˵ΪֻԽˮȻ
Ů
ŭ壬еĽȾѪһЦҲԣصҾͷ
ʦüʦˮû£ǲҪġ
ˮ̫ͣСÿʱԶʦ̫ʦ̫ҲˣһĻʦ̫ŭסһбƶһն㣡

ͷһЦЦʦڴˣ˵˵⻰ѧղҿջǶںȥˡ
㣡
һ֮ԣʦ̫ǰνԱʦֵ̫ʦ㣬Ī˺
˵գϵĹһµСˣץҲûãҪսսǡ
Ǻǡ
ʱѾץסˮŲȥЩ˵ĻЦûã֪ˡ
һ˵꣬Ｘ˿ȥ˲ԣˮǱ߷ȥˡ
ˡ
üⰵЩסˮΪʲô޷Ҫʦ񣬾ƽʦöˮƽƽʵκ˶Ҫˮͬ꣬һһ
ʦãʦܣȥ壬˴ңһӿħˣüͽ˵
ã
üͽҲԣǱ߷ȥˣ˶һۣղʦֺȥ壬ҲȥǱ߷ʲô¡
˿壬Ȼ˹ħԪɷһʱʱֻһΪѹڡ
Ȼʱȴ˹Цˣ㿴˭
ˮ
˿סˮ΢΢һ䣬վɫ򶨵λȷ棬ͳ˧ǧȴЮһСŮ˵ȥЦ𣿡

ЦԹܿܣթԭЩɣ
ҪսսſǹҲվһʦǲʹЩֶΡ
Ǻǡ
һЦ˿ŵˮ˿ȥôˮСûȥҵѾ߶ãһ治þôɱˣˣҪٲ󷨴򿪣ɿ˵СͽҪǰˡ
ס֣
ءʦ棬Ҳ£ˮ£㲻Ҫǵġˮץţڲҡͷģ˿̲סۡ
𣡡
űͻȻǰŵٳƶɮͰˣ

ˮͻĳŵûҲĽţ˵ˮ£
ءˮ£ʦ治Ҫġ
ղſгˣʱŵûס˯˶جΡ
Ǻǡ
ЦΣˣôűӿɲôģҪţͽﱻԵô
ʱüʦ̫ŵҲˣһĻ˽һʦ̫ŭס֣
Ǻǡ
һЦ˵˵ЩڣҾͰűˡһ
ءʦ棬ˮ£¡㲻Ҫǵġ
ˮ
ˮǺµòͣģ˾Ĳѣһɲǣ˵꣬꣬һУҲȥ
̨ϣסͽܣΨһĵӣҲסǹ컯Ϊ뻯кã
һ֣ұؽ𣡡
һɲǣڳˣԸܵһɱɱʦ̫˸һ꣬صһɱ
üͽҲˣʦʦѵõսһѡϣصɱⲻܡ
ʱԱߵӣȴһ·ӦˣŴʱסˮһ±뵽ˣԭ꣬ҲĽᣬ̨ϣΨһͽձƵ¡
һգգһз·ݣֻͬǣͽаħ
棬Ҳܵɱɱһһ޵֮ˣԭҲصɱô췢ɱޣطɱ½˷ɱط޵֮ɱԭħ֮˸ô
ڱˮ̨໹ǸӦˮˣʦɱȥֻ±ػӰ쵽ʦá
ʦã㲻Ҫ棬񣡡
໹أ˫ֽӡȥ֣ʱ̨ϣǧ鶷һһԣ˱ƳĻơ
ˮһɲǣǧҲƸӦˮΣգĿںȻ
ѣСģ
ֻô̶ʧɲǣɱһ죬ǧѱܿ

壬Уɱ

ȻЮˮϵɱԽԽأԱӲһݣ˵Ϊ涯ɱһ˲䣬ԪҲӵֻһħԪɷԣ߻ħ
ѡ侲
һְ˼ϣΪǲϣԷճʲô⣬գ᧿Σ
¡¡
ʱ༸ɽȻ𵴣Ȼ󷨱ˣ첻ħ˶˽
ͬʱԶһƬýɵˣŵˣ˿ҲˣֻǸһɽѾ칥ƣǴʱҲֻЩħƴһ
ˣ
һһ»ӣӿݷǷȻŵɽˣһҲʮ֮ߡ
ϵɱ棬üѪ޺۵˺öˣǲ֪ģȥ²
ʲôﻹСѾͷأ±Ҳҳ
ˮ˿޿֣ʱԶмŵĵӣǼɫŵӣǳʲô¡
»ţ
ơʦ棬ˣոյϢ֮⣬˺öħ֮ˣɽ
ʲô
ԣڳʿһѾԵˣʱЩħѩϼ˪
һ뵽ٶǰĴħڴǧħ̣ԪɱѪɺӡЩҪǾֻ£Σӣ
šô죿
ŵɫɷףˣһҲֻеת߷󷨣ѱ칥ƣʱħûκƬ̱ɱ߷塭
ѵգǵȥ̨ȡ̫֮𡭡

ʱӴҴҸţˣЩħ̵ˣѾɽ£
жˣǿ򶨣ʵ
УСʮ򣡡
ʮħ֮ˡ
ڳ֮ʿһеǰһڣȻԶԸʮħˣԶԸ
ʱߺһƬϸ֮£ǲǺƣһƬӰȻգֱ߶ֹʮʮ֮ڣ
⡭
ɽҲɫ˵գɵҲˣæ֮Ҳ࣬ҲңǶԸ춼ˣԶԸôħˣѵգʹȻ಻棿
һƬӰԽԽһǿϢҲѹһ㣬ֱ߶ýǺƵһƬӰ㲻ټǰˣΪˣǰն
˰׷ѩ˪˲һ㶣


1602 ʦֳ
һ̣ɵˣ޲¶ɫһգôǰȻһΣΪеġ
һ
üͽû뵽ʱԭʼաǼǹʦá
ʦ֡
ˮҲסˣһΣξξ棬ǸоʦԶΪΣܹȥʼնԷӰ
һΣоʦһΡ

꣬Ʈ䣬ģģա
һ
ҲԸܵˣմϵϢܡ˾һϴ죬ҲǾĵĶ֣ϢƽɫŶ̶һµʱ䣬ôܣ
ſ
У䵶һ׹ԨʹЩԶħˣҲеһɲĸоһ˫۾
СӡĻǲҪ
䣬һ̧סˮʺˮץ֣һҧȥһҧѪ
Ѿͷ
ʹһ̧һƻûȥܵһԨĺ⣬һ
һ֣㣬áܡ
ص帽ЩˣҲһаǵǸŵ𡭡
Ҳһ·ʯסһ㣬ҲҶ֣һ˲䣬ԭʧˣһ˲䣬ٳʱǹǰһƷȥ顱һ㽫˳ȥ
ʦ֡
ˮϴģûӦ֣סˣղűһƣʱֻе֫ٺƶһ㣬һСӣŶ̶һ£֮ࡣ
һվѶΪƾһˣѪ޺ȫѪ֣ص
һˣ۾Ϲô
ȥƵĿ⣬ʱ˻һԶЩĸֻ֣һ£˲ʬ޴档
ҲգԸǣһ˾͹ˡջĿ⣬ˮȥˮĽء
ҵĽء
ˮʧУʱʦֻԼŻعĿȴ֪䵽ȥˣЩ˼˵ңһ
֮ˣԼĽ֪ȥˣοʦǰ̫ˣˮʱֻеһ죬˫ѸٽӡӦˮ˫һãˮʱԨ̶ˮһ⣬ɻ
ʦ֣㿴Ұѽһ
ˮĽüЦһӣ˿ֱΪʦ֣˿ɻ±Щ⽣̹תⲻԻˮ
ĽˮһԣʦԼѱˮ
ˮѽúãҽʹ⣬ʮء｣
ţ
ˮĽһַֻһְֻýֱˮʱϴϢһӿ죺ʦ֡
ĽһҪ񡣡
ţ
棬˾һɻСʲôѵȹӦӰһѴˮ
ÿĽ
ȫûܷӦǽѵݵǰؽӰң죬Ƹ籩꣡
ͣ죬Ѫ죬󵹷˳ȥ
Ѫ޺һҲ͹һûܿ壬һƬӰѳԼͣ罣ӰУ˸һ˲㱻߰˴ҪʱѪֹ󵹷˳ȥ
ÿĽ
ϣɵ˶ˣʮر｣ôǣĹҲֵסΪԷĽȫҲκһ˿
ʦ֡
ˮǾȣղʦַԼͺԼʹЩһĸħͷڱ｣֮£һ
ߣ
شԥ뵽Ӷߣ˵˿ֻ˵ķɷıҲͬԪ
ʦ֣Ҫˣ
ۼҪߣˮ˳ϴ죬ˣָܵһĵ˲ն

ֻһҽһ˲䣬Ան׼ɣʬ·Ԩ׹ȥ
λȷͳԶЩħ˽ŵĵѣϣɵҲ޲¶ɫɽӰǧ֮⣬ֱȡ׼Ϊ˺εȵز


1603 
ʦ֡
ֱĸħͷʬ׹ȥˮŻعʦһ±ȡ˵׼ΪǱȷλʦˡ
ϣһʿɽ˵ˣλʦ̫ԺǸһǰһȫȻͬһˣֻΪ˵ʣȻȫͬ
˵ǰǸһһѷâ¶ĺ޲ˣôǰһԨȣȣǣ΢ͨʶ
ˮղŵĽ㶼ס𣿡عˮȥʵ
ţ
ˮϵͷղʦִԼʩչı｣ʦʩչı｣ԼԼʩչı｣ʦֺʦĽôֻԼĽƵģ뵽˴еЩһ죬ͷ
Ҫڼϰܡ˴ˮ̨Ǳ߿ȥһɲǣߣ·յ
㣬ɣΪʲô
ΪԺ󣬱ʦ
ҵ֮ˣ²Ϊף㽫Ҫػģ²ֻΪһˣΪʦ㣬Ϊʲô
Ϊ˽ػʦ
㣬Ϊʲô
ΪˡػʦҲܣ²Ҿֻػʦһˡ

ţ֪ˮ˵ͷ˵ҪúúԺܱʦ
š
֣ͷ࣬ˮһЦһθоʦԼôǧ겻ķ˪ƺӱķ磬ᱧʦʮ˴ӣΪεʦҪԼʮŴء
ʱϣ˿һĻҲȻ̨ϡȻǵһơ
üͽҲĬħһɻĶ࣬ôɻ䣬վֹˮôϲһһ䣬ûκι˼ɵĳΪʦ֣Ȼϲֻһǳǳϲ
ˮκˣҲ뿿
һ˵ţ˲һ㱡ʹȥϥ֮ϡ
ֻó٣ٷ˫ϥ֮ϣͷңȻʱЩħһߣɱ⡣
ԣԶЩ˽ŵһˣȻǵҲΪ֮ˣɸղſ˲˻ǰ
¡¡
ʱ⼸ִһ𵴣˵ʱȶˣ壬ѱħ룬ô׶Ըġ
ˡ
ˮԶֻ֣ЩطǱ칥ƵĻ壬һȥ󷨣Ҳ֧Ų˶ãʱȻʦʦҲΣա
˼ˣٲԥһ˻ȥǰż˵ʦʦ棬忴ɣʦţЩħֶȻҿ塣
ϵ˿ղԥʱһ⣬Ǳ߷ȥ챾Ӧ壬ˣҲ׹Ƹ󷨡
ѾʱްӵҲǱ߷˻ȥһ˲֪жˣҲ֪жٸڰ֪ʲô֮˳֣Ȼⲻá
ȥ֮𽥰ΨϵƣϷ죬·ʱήףһС
ˮߣ⸽ħѾߣһ˵ʦ֣㵯ٸɡ
˫ְϣȴʼҲղѾδ˴ȥȻˣԴɽնմħˣĹȹҹӰɽ֪ŵˣҪᡣ
±Щħ̵ˣ˽ţֻɽ£նķħ˼ɣ粽棬½ˣҲ뿪벽
ˮԱߡ
ţ
ˮߵԱ£һƽһ㣬ʹ棬ص׹䡣
ǿˮ㿴֮󣬲ؾţҲǺãҪ֮ʱһ٣ǧ򲻿ϣ֪𣿡

ˮһҪԼ٣һ£һʱʦֵ⣬ͷţһģ
š
΢΢ףٶԣ˫һ쵯࿪࣬Ҳֻ࣬һأˣȥԸħˣһ༸󷨳ױҲľ֧
ʱȻˮ˫֧ãԣӺϤԭհ֮ʱ֮ӡ
֮ʱ֪⣬ֻôңҲҲ֮ˣԭյʦ⣬ʦ֡
ˮסˣʦκ˵һҲ˵棬һһȴ޲ǶʦֵԼôôһ㶼ûأʦʦ
һ̣ˮ˫ˣʦֵʦģԼҪҵԭʦִʱ
֣һˮ̨Ʈȥ໹٣Ǿһ

̨֮УһɲǣľΪκţԪ֮ж


1604 ƽ
ɽ⼸ɽ壬̱ƣħ˹һ֮ʿڼħ֣ɽ£±һٶţʱҲڵֵЩħ
ԭԪŵأǧħִݣһٶħɣȴɽУʵǧһҲ⼸ǧĵһˡ
߷±ߣС壬ŵġأҲţƽأ塢ҩ塢壬ء
ƽĵӣĥ֮󣬷л壬գܹ壬ƽڵӵһԸ߷壬ǲȥģʲһӣҲȥ߷塣
֣ССɽ壬ҲδѣƽĵӣﹻЩħֻλϻǿֵһ
ôȥƽǲ߷˶ѾԹ˲ϾˣλҲָϱܹˣƽˡ
ЩħԽԽˡƳϣô죡
ֻλ׷ߣ΢Щеĵնɱħλߣǵ೤ϡīϡҳϣʮһգ˸ͷ׷ղࡣ
ϡϣˣǱͻȻöħмʦɥǵֵסˡ
ϣϣǱߣǱҲħӿ˽
ǻŻλɫɷףô졭ƽգزסˣôȥеӣ
Ƴϣô죿
īϼ೤Ͽȥ˵УΪߣҲѵǧħﰡ
ϡϣ
ӣѾˣȻطѾʧˣϣҲ·λˡ
ֻ೤ϵͷüһʲôѵľգֻ̧ͷȻȻԺɽ󷨣λϵסЩħҪ̵ʱ䣬һȥжԶ߶ԶҲҪˡ
Ͼ˵ȻԣסˣīλϣҲһ£ŷӦҳѹƳϡ𣿡
ˡǷˣͷˣ
ͻȻ䣬೤쳣ԭЩɷ׵ӣһǵͨ죬̧֣߷ķָȥЩ𣡰ô꣬ӣӣĸܹ𣿰ƽ壬ţ
Ƴϡ
īλ϶סˣƽһ򾤾ҵҵƳϣû뵽Էվ˵Щ
ǣǺȻֻ೤˫۲Ѫ˿ֳΧЩָȥĿȻλϣ㿴ǣ㿴ǣʺٲߣȫҪ࣡
ܡڣ
Ⱥ棬ܳһµӣȥǴʦ֣˿Ҳ೤ϵˡ
೤ȥȥˣ̸ߣ
ϡϡ
Ƕԭأ˿Ҫߣӣҡͷϡǲߡ
ߣ
೤һȣ𣬹ȻŵõһԱߵīҳҲع˰ˡ
չֻ˻ŵ뿪ƽ壬ˣ߲ˣҲҲգƽˣƽĹ೤ʵû˵ƽ壬š
ϡϣоˡоˣ
ʱɽǱߣӼ˹ԣλϾһΣ߷ˣ
ǣǡǡ
ҭ˵ˣʱɽǱߣɱֻ죬һƬӰˡ
ǡ
λ϶һãһʱһħ̵ˣ
ȵȡǿǿ˭ī¶ɫһԽԽӰĿǲŵɫ
ôλϣѲǵô
Ȼһ£ٲȻħʹĴ磬ʱһ˲䵽ƽµǲϵλϣϲ
㡭Ȼ㡭
λôҲû뵽ǰˣȻʮǰһ֮󣬱ʧٵȻ
Ǻǡԭλϣǵҡ
ȻЦЦһУôϤ벻гһգٻصߵôҴң֮ǰһУǵ
㣬㡭
λ𾪲ѣûдϢҡһ䣬񾹳ͳħʹЩˣ𡭡
ˣλţħѾʱ˵ԺҲҪȥҩ壬òͲλ϶˵ˡ
Ȼ˵꣬һ˲㻯һâҩ壬ǰʱܸоƽԶֻҪһϢʱ䣬ܴƽɵҩ塣
ʱƽ壬λδع˵ΪѾ޷ˡ
ҩ壬Ҳһţطħӿ룬Ӧʱֻһһ̽ʣŰѱŵûҳȥ
٣ӡ
Ȼ֪ʱݶϣ˽ĹˣȴӰȻһʯӣȥأӡ
㣬˭
ӱʯУŵûһŷϵȻһʱƬ̣ȴûܽϳ
ӣǱˣǵ󿪣û޷ѱղ˥ӵ꣬꣬Ҳ֡
㲻ǵˣƽϡ
ȻЦЦôһѣȻˣһ±Ƽ˹һȥ㣬㡭Ȼ
ҡ
ȻһԾһ´ӷŵöɥǣȥʱһٿȻǰһµŮӡ
㡭㣡
֮ץס˾һ㣬䣬ΡΡ
¡
ӯᰴ˰ֿ֣Ȼ飬Ҫұңʲô
ʲôˣ
ʱ漱һµߣʦɺ׳ϡ
ɺ׳ϡ
ӯкɺ׳һ㶣ּϢһʱҲδϳ㣬ǡ
Ȼˣҽտɲµģ˵ģݺָ࣬Ҫұ
ݺ
ɺ׳ϸһ룬ֵЩӡȻǵһͬһæ˵ݺͲҩˣȥ壬ǰЩְ塭
Ŷ
Ȼһӯ˹ȥŵһˣӯ̽ԴȻҳ
ӯʱûпӦɽϡ
ȻǰЦЦҺǵãһЩ͡
ԣӯȻֹˮ˵Щ꣬ΪҲδȥҹ¡
áΪҪ֪֮꣬ˡȻЦЦһԣɺ׳ϱ亹ֱеϣѵָ
뵣ģܿЩħȥˡ
Ȼعͷһɺ׳ϣ˵գһӰӣȥ
㣬㡭
ŵӯȻȥӰ벻񣬴˵ΪѾ֮ߣ¥ʦ֣ҲѾĶ˰ɣꡭˡ


1605 
⣬ȻˮԽŵߣʱԶȻкڷϸ֮£ȴǲħͼ塣
ʦʦ֣ǱߣˣˮԶѸٿĺڷ磬վָǱߵ
ˮ¡
š
ˮЩţŶ̶Ƭ̣Ѿǵаħˣһһ֪ʲô֮˳֡

һ֮ʱɿȳһħˣ
ϣһж
֮ˣǰ̣䣬ֻУȴһɱһˮŵɫһɷףֻЩˣԱ֮ʬԨ׹ȥ
ʦʦ֡
ˮЩ£֪ʲôǰʱҲüˣ߹˵ɽ壬ѱƣƲδڣտⲻһս
һε飬Ҳȷʵ̫ͻȻˣĻԴѶ˼䣬Ƶ˴ӹɽڲ֪⼸ΣЩδ

¡¡
ʱɽ壬𵴲ݣһ󷨱ƣħˣӿ룬Щħа֮࣬Ѿ֧ԮɽŵˣҲѾ˵ˡ
ʱ̨˹ƳĻƣǧ鶷һ
飬뿴ô
ǧ֮ϣ޳۶޿Ķ֣ס
һУԼѡҺθɣ
һһЯ͵س˹ȥǧˮǰһɳ˲仯ˮ⣬ܣǲ
ϡ
ʱɽ±ߺӰ֮ǰȥѰҷӡڵͫ濣ʱ˺ȻѾҵˣɽ֮ʯ򿪷ӡ
ʱҲٶԥһɷ֮Ѹٱǧѣ漴һͫʧ̨ϡ
ֹ
ҪκδʱоĻƣ̫˵ʦżʦѾˣ˽óѡ
ȥ
ǧѲԣһˮȥ׷ˣ˵ѣСˣ
δ䣬ǧѾӰĵģʵķӡһӡ򿪣ʲô˭Ҳ޷֪

ʱţȻҲѱ칥ƣĹȹ歷˸ڻδߣЩħĹϵ̫ǿػΪЩаħĿꡣ
һΣδţĻݲݣٲǵû뵽գǱǽ壬ħ֮๬¥Ҳ⵽ƻյ֮١
ֻǴ˿̡ΪĪһɸӦɸӦԼԼķǱˮ̨ΪԺ棬ԼԼӶɽٵһĻ
δ롭Сģ
֮ʱ֪ȻӰ歷һնӰʱɺص͸ȥ
δû£正ȥطնɱЩħظߡ
ǡ
歷ü΢ûжʣδ뿪˵СһЩ
š
δ뿴ԶȥʱҲԥһͻȻĽȥˣĽʮаħһζδͻơ
һ·±ߣΧ𽥱ðٲɱ֮δ䱸ĽƣͬСɣв³
Խ£ԽףδֻƾŶĸӦСܿЩƣЩطػѹȥ
֮ðգΪ֮ǰǴ˼䣬ƺǲɽ죬һΣƺҲΪɽ
˿̣δüһ࣬Ӧһʮ쳣ɽʲôܣĺ˻ġЩ죿
ϴСᵽһʱѵŲŵľܣһʱйأ
ôߣ룬ɱ⣡
ʱһͻȻ𣬻δ붸ȻһֻǰӰ飬ͬСɣˣ˳ṥ
ãŰֻ飬ȥϢС£һ·ϣûмŵˣҲû±ߡ
ԼһĽأ˴أ̱ȸղһ·ҪͣԲ󣬱³
˿̣δϢСǰĹȿ֪һű£ܹҳκεطڣΪĸӦʮ񣬶ĳطΣҲһ˿΢͸
ʱĹڴѾظܵˣ쳣ԭɽһ
ͨΪʱӦһңԶءδ֪ĶϢ
ѵ˿̣δоһ²⣬Ǽֱ޷롭
ãԥ֮ɫ¶ĹĽ̫ˣҪҪ취ȥһĽƣŵ˷ˣֻµʱᣬӰ쵽һ
˾˵ħӽĿģڵãһ˷͵͵أϽаħϮֻ˵ˣСΪ˴ӣðա
ȻתһɲǣȻŵûһǰ֪ʱһӰˣؿ


1606 
˴أΪλڴˡ
ǰˣ覣֮УԲֺ䣬Ǳˣǧѡ
ҡ
δһʱ֪νͣʱҺˣ˵Ҹղ棬±춯Ƿħ˴롭
ħˡ
ǧһ˹֮Уֶ˼ֺ˪˴أؽƣħ˴δ빬ƺصأϤһ·δκνơ
δģȴ粵췴ʵصأħ޷ǲ֪ǧӣΪλͻȻִ˴
һɲǣĿӣâƷ棬δ뱾仰Ϊϸһ룬ǧѼȻ֪ħ±ߣΪֻڴʱ
ûдκνƣϤԼƾŶĸӦˣ·ϻ鹥ˣȴܹϢس֡
δ΢±أֻŲ֪֮Ҳֻܹͨ±ߣκˣǧѣֻҪ˽ƣôһ
һ̣ΧպȻЩ΢֮£ʵʵ˭Ǻˣ˭ǻˣ
ǧղű׷֮ˣ±߽ش춯Ϊ˴˴û뵽֮󣬿ȴǻδ롣
ʱϷȻ춯Ȼͼȴ˽ơ
δǧѶƬ̣˽Բԣһϱȥˣ뿪طΧѭŸղŸӦһϢһε±ϡ
ֻɽϣǱˣȥЩģʲôˣҲˡ
ꡭ
δ˸ƣʾ˵ʲôֻһؿڣ¿˿Ȼ£ղźգ̫ˣϧģûܹϵ
һµ̾˵֮أأƫ˲صãǶû£
ʲôħʥ࣬Ϊƽأӷ߷ߵ
˵䣬ȴ֪Σѽδüһħʥ˼֮ʣǧѺȻһӰɽ·ȥ
ʲôˣ
ɽ˱ǾδʱּӰʱһȻУһǧ˲ǰħʥʱ˼䡣
㡭
֮˼ʱɫɷײѣȻǧٿ͡һʱѪͱڣһ±ȡ׼ͷʬ׹ȥǶˡ
϶
ʣĿѣɴʱһ̧ͷ佣ѵݵϣٲ˵³һ
㡭
ǺӿǧѣĿ֮ɫʱɽǱߣδҲ΢΢һ㶣ǧѣɱ̫ˡ
˿ǧٽҲɱʱ˹ȥһ죬Ǻ˵ĺ˵Ǹղ˵ħʥѾˣ

Ǻ˱źϽǵͨ죬˵ָָֻǵԨѺۣղżѿڵޡ졭ֻҪ졭ħʥ
ԣδ΢΢һǵѺȥﱻ˼֮߳Ԩ֮Ԩĺ죬֮Ԩ棬űǺ˵ġ족
ħʥȻʮã˼䣬δ˼Ƭ̣һʵǹ˼䣬׼ҿֹǰ˵һΣҪζԸ˼䣡

˱ź۾֮ɫδ˵һȸղøʹ࡭
𡭡˵˵
ŵûҲΡΡ˵Ҫ¡ǧ׽١ԴԸԸšⲢĿġ֮˼䶯ҡ֮Ѻۡʱǣǵıɴ죬¡֮Դ˼䲥֮Դʱ򡭡֮ʿħ˼䲻ơ
˴δ벻΢΢һ˼֮Դ⡭ֱ޷룬һʵأ

˺ѣ϶˼֮˳˼䡭ɹ⼸硭վʮ硭һ⡭ħۡĴۡǡ˼䡭
δɿ֣ЩȻû뵽죬Ұľ֮󣬶һΣ˳˼併֮ԴˣΣա
ͣ
˼֮ʣѪһǺ˵ʬ׹ȥδ̧ͷǰɱǧѣɱ
ǧ䵭ǻ
δ벻üͷһ壬ղűʣڣƺ˼ָƣȻ˼䰲ߣҲʲˡ
δ֪Щ֮£ҲȻˣ֮ȥ壬֪һУħʥ֮ԴоǼǧ׽٣ʮ

棬ǿһһ̶Ƭ̼䣬˺üˣʱˮԱߣּˮ̨Ǳ׹Ҳľ
ʦ֡ˣ
ˮعͷԶһɺڷɫһ䣬ֻǺڷɷΧƲ㣬ӿֹǺڷأȻ켫֮ˣԶǰ˿ɱȡ


1607 ڶ
ˮš
ڸ٣Ǻڷ翿֮ʱһٿȻȥʱǺڷɢֳӰ
Ӱֱߣֻȫ£ɷڣȻħ֮ˣ˿̣أԲңصȥпɱһ
սţĬȻӴʱϢϷֱ˾ûоžΪҲˡ
˻ȥʦɽٹؼڣˮţվιʦں˵뿪ĪҪʶôҲ߲ˣ
ߣ
һмߵʦֵ˲ţҪһĸС
ԣˮ΢΢һԵʦֿȥʦ֣ǡȻɫ䣬أȻֻ
ϣ
Ҳաλˡ
δ䣬ȶʱ꣬ͳ˹ȥ
˼Ϯֱһ˲ϢӰܿת˲֮䣬߷˹
ʦ֣ˣ
˾ȻܹܿʦֵˮһӼ˸ͣȥػϣʦȻš
ֻˣӰԽԽ֮ǧ򻯣Ȼƾ޷˵ˣҲ޷ֹǳ
ʦ֣ˣ
ۼ˵ӰѲɣˮʧɫϣһЩʿΪ˵ãҲǺȻһȻʱǰȥҲ޷ֻˣĸֻ֣Զֹڴˡ

ˣߺͣȻֹ˳ɫȻңˮˮղŵ㶼𣿡

ˮعĿ˵ͷ١
ˮһ£ŷӦ˵ͷã˵˹ȥӹ١
һֱ̣ȻѾ£Լܹʦʦ⾳𣿰ѽˣ
̱£Ѹղʦֵӣ˳ֻɬ⣬Եʦʦһ
һʹɽ֮ʱΪţһУǵģʱˮŬʹԼƽΪԽţԽ׳ǵһֻ»Ӱ쵽ʦ
˵ϣ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ׷Ŀ䣺ñֵ³ǻɢ£˲ʱƷӿ˲ǿнһ䣬ֻɢȥһ˲䣬ڱ۳Ρ
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ϵˣһĻһ˵Ĺ֮Ī⣬սľ飬ҪԿһΪٸߣɴʱվһˣ֣ڶȥ𴦶Ըˡ
ʦ֡
ԶԸˮҲЩĵ˱ҲʦֵĶ֣Ĺֶ䣬ʦֿǧĪҪǵĵ
Ƭ̣䣬йϣ˶ϢţȱЩ֮սľ飬ΣԻ֡
һǹ࣬ǹɣƬ̼ˣԪ򣬳ź⼸ɣĸܳ͵Ĺƣ
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ˮ΢΢һмЩС׽ٲ㣬Ӧʦڶٵˣڶٽ٣Ʊرȵһٸ
ʱҲ΢΢üʦڶٵˣڵڶٽ֮ǰˣʦɽ֮ʱ⡣
Ǵ˿̣䣬ʵǹ˱ΪҲͣ˴˼ϸʮĬ䶼δھžΪȴһžڵʥǿ߸Ѳ
ɷɷɷ
дָ֮һԪָ⣬һָʱǲӿĹɢȻգûжҪ죬ȥһ
ڲ˼ȥʦĵڶѾ쵽ˣٶȥӰ쵽ʦɽ٣غĻǽɱҲûˡ
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˵һ䣬ȥһ
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ʱϣ˽ԿóѾսˣʱһֻ棬ɴʱˣȴҪݣô³ֻ
ϣֻ˵˵ѡת˲֮䣬˾ֹΪֻ˵˵ˡ
ǻᣬǲҪ
һɲǣø⺮䣬ϵϢҲʱ׹Ԩţһħܷ֮ƾ䣬˽һǡ
ǡ
һ̣ܵϵħϢ飬ڱǣҲѾˡ
˿壬˲֣ٶȣȸղǿˣδӦһ±㱻ס˺ʱֻüģһħӡ
㡭
˶Ȼţ󿴼ˣһ֨һʱԪҲħ֮£һ˲
ʦܣ
˴ʧɫһ˲ʦԪôܣǾž۷Ϊѵ֮ǰһֱʵž۷塭ʵ
һɲǣǵԨ־ϮԷһѾžž۷Ϊߣǽձɣ
ϧ֮ǰ뿪ĻᣬǲҪΪԷֻ˵˵ѡ
ϣҲѾǰǼһ˶ˣǸеֳԾڣױɱԷһˣ˸ţΪѾ˺εȵز
ʦ֡
ˮҲסˣղһ˲䣬ʦϣܵһʮ쳣ЩµϢ
ˮҪͣ
ãáղŽ֮£ˮ֪ͣʱŻع١
˿ֻüħӡ֣ʦɽ٣ʦǰħ֮ûа취ʦĵڶټ٣ڴ֮ǰСκΡһСв


1608 ֮
˿̣쳣Ľţϣ˽ԾǹϣǰѾһˣʱʣˣ˴˶һۣȻ֮䣬Ĺƣ
ϧһߴˡ
һ֮䣬˵еһˣ·Ѿ˫ۣȷӦ顱һһͷϣʱѪ
ʦܣ
һ˴ʧɫҲһ˲䣬һ죬ħ֮ӿһ½˿УȻ֮䣬Ҳ֮

ֻһҽУ϶ʱƣͫѸٷŴȫûϢ״ֲֿ
ߣϣһʿԾˣû뵽һӹɽ֮Ϊȿ£ֶҲ
ǹɽ羿ʲôطĪڹɽѰٵʲôϹŻԵ
ˮҪͣ
ȥϵħ֮ǲˮʱϵͷǳţǵڶٵϢѾԽԽˣ̧ͷȥڶۡ
ʱɽطŵˣɵˣܵһϢĵڶϢȻڶҪȵһࡣ
ʦá
ϣһһħˣδй˿η壬ɴʱܵڶٵϢȴһʦõĽ٣ε
ֻǵڶ٣ȻˣǺĵ٣١ʵڲٱǼħͷӣʵԤϡ
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٣ת˲ʱ̨Ҳɫһ䣺
Ҳδ뵽ǵڶپѾˣ滹е٣١һֱ١
Ҳɫ˵һ򲻺ͣʱҲⵣĶԷ¡

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ţ
δص˵ͷ±㽫ղϣǧ̽飬˵˳
ħʥ֮Դ
֮üͷһ壬ħʥ֮ԴֻΣҪһΣǼħͷҪǧ׽٣ֹʦɽ٣̶ࡣ
ˡ
һ˲䣬ʶЩǧ涡ٶģˣʵǼǿǰôãȴȻδԣ˲ĳֶΣǧ׽٣
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һϢȻ˵ħ֮컯Ļ֮˼Уǧѵ۶ǺɣҲѷǷǧ֮ڣٳֵ۶
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ˮԽԽеˣδ룬ʱ֮µ壬Ҳɫӡ
һҲ֪ΪΣȻһĸоָо˵壬ǵ֮ʱ뵽ģ
ںܶǰʶʱʱǧԣҲƫƫȴֻһˣ˱ӡ
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ǼħͷѾҵǧ׽ٵķˡ˿̣ǧ٣˵
ʲô
ˮһ£ʱԶȻ˲ˣüٲȻУǣ೤ϣԼ˴θԮʿ
ǡ
ɽһ±㿴֮صɱΪĵڶ٣˵ӦǴ覣棬ΪһѪ⸡֣ˡ
Ȼڱˮ̨໹˴˿Ҳһ˿쳣ϧշҹǧҲѷֶΣ޿ײ룬ʵ̫մˡ


1609 
ۼѪ֮ٲڵڶ棬һʿԱɫж֪꣬ɽ֮ʱ򲻿ţ߻ħҷ𣬶һѪ֮٣ĵڶ棬ȻͬСɡ
ʦá
һѪ֮ԽԽüҲѱɫ⣬üһɲǣѾ
Ҫʲô
δһһ̣ǿ룬ǵڶֵܵסвٲ
ѾΣҲϲܻʦ⣬٣ʦĽ١ǣĽ١
صġ
һɲǣۣʹϣų˵âԶЩҲˣоһѵҪƾһ֮ȥѪ֮٣
ʦ֡
ˮţٺ£໹漸λʦ棬Ҳֻܵɣʦһȥˣǡ
ˮǵòҪϡ
˵ͷԱǧѿ˿˵꣬ԥһȻһǼâϷȥ

˿֮·ȥŲµӶţ٣ʦҲ׿λʦ֡ǵλ뿪ŵʦ
һ
ϣٷȥӰüҲסˣ䣬Ժֳָ˵Ӱӡ
߳
֮ʱףȻ㳯һ˲۶𣬼᲻ɴݣ¡һһףǿеֵסˡ
Ϲ飬ȴʼܹ䳹״ݻ٣ʱ֮£δױһɫϢ֣ûκһףܹ˵
һĻü⼸Ҳ˿δȴʼüչһҲԽԽš
߳
֮Уֻ˫һˣǿнһѪ֮٣˳ڳ֮ˣ޲Ҫƾ֮Ĺ
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ҫۣ޲ľʱطǿһĻţܹٶϣصѪ⡣
ʱ̨ϣ˺ˣпǿһĻΪȻ̨弫ԶҲԡǧ֮ۡؿʱһĻ
ĬȻǵǸ֪꣬꣬ͽܣȻ䡰ľۿţ̨¡
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ֻϣһѪƣȥֿ£ü⼸źʦõĽȻȥˣһѪ֮Լϣ᲻ᡭ
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ڸ˽֮ʣһϴֻһһ½ƵѪ⣬۳һšѪ򡱣һʱ㽫šѪΡ
Ƭֻ̧̣ͷһصİƣһȥ
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ţ
ʦû£ʦҲƽˮǸˣ±ߣ˸ղȴ޲ǰһ亹Ѫ֮٣֪ղжΣա
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š
δ˵ͷʱѿڣɽħˣѱ𣬵һЩδ֮£ʧȷ߷İȫ
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һۼĺɫĺϣԽԽ濿ʵϡ޷𣿡
˿̣ɽ֮ʯɽȻûô򵥣ǵ̨꣬Ҳᷢɽܣİѹȴκΰ취ҳе
ɷɷ
ʱһһӰ⸽濺ͫɫһ˭
ֻĺɫ֮£ԶһӰһۣĺɫƣµò
ϣȴκаħϢеķһ˵ĵһλ֮ˡ
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תŴʱԽԽӰһ̧ʾ濺ͫ£˵һγ֣ӦǶʮǰ֮һΰɡ
֮䣬һȷʵһˣʮһͨκεʱüڵһˣҲ޷մˣطȵ֮һͬЦġ顱֪ʱȥģ˿
˿̣΢а˼⣬ôʼն޷ҳɽܣƺҲѰ֮أĪܵеһ֣棿
ԽԽ濺ͫ˶䱸ȻǶ˽ԸܵõһΪ֮£ڿ֮£಻֮£Ҳ䣬һĸˡ
ȴκν֮ɫ˵ô֪ģһλ
Ŵԣ濺ͫһһ̧ͷĿڴϣһˡȻǴǰĳλţ

ҹĻᴹ±ʱɫѾȫֻ⸽ҵһ˿дδκδ򶷺ۼ

ҹǻ貣覣֣棬ˮĬĬߣ֪ʱļ˯ˣЩ죬̫ƣˡ
ʱ߷壬ħﶼѾħˣҲ⣬ɽ죬ػϡ
ɽ£⸽л֣ȴ±߸Žɵפ⸽Էҹ͵Ϯ
ƴƴ赲֣ˣ϶Ҳ˵ȥȿˮ̸ܣģȻЩǡ
һԱߣΧʮ̵ˣӥ޷޲ƽطҲСţǲ֪ĹйشǰŵһУǴ඼ģʱҲе֣ϼȻŸ˳ΪŴѣҪǻæ


1610 ŵ
ꡭ˵ʱϰţϿУΪӣ֪ôЩˣ˵Ȼ󾪶ŵˡ
ô˵Ǻ֮ǴΣҿڱ󵷹ǣôֳϺδ빬ˣ
˵Ǵ˵Ӹˣ֪ô϶Ͼʦͽϵ˵ϾʦͽϵˣϻļƣȴӸȥȣѣȴϸȡ
ȿȣΧʲô
ޣ
ʮѲصӷ׷վֻľȣɫ˪֮£۵ģȥѲ⸽аǱ룡
Ϣŭȥʮ˵ͷ˿˴ˣ̻ȥˣЩ顣
ʱڰ߳һӰ˱ʱ覣ֻü֮䣬ȴмֳ⡣

תǰ֮˵˵ͷǻδ룬ղŸ֮ˣһΣʦţȻܿҲۡ

ʱƽ̻ǳϾڣΣڵףüȻѾʱ룬һأսĳ棬ʮλˣмλսвѡ
ޱȣãżطȵڵħбҿĿȴϽдţɽ£ؾ֮ءЩаħ᲻Ϊ˶
Ŵһһ±øӰˣ˶Ҳ룬žʲô֮أ˶аħ죿ƫƫŵˣһҲԸ¶
һһ̫۵İ׷ڣˣǵԣɽ¡˴㲻ټ˵ȥˣֻǿŵϵˣһ
˸ŵţ紫ԣŲһܣ֪ǷΪ棿棬Ÿ֪ҵҲţЩаħٴι֮ʱҵȴȫȻ޲ߡ
ǰţβʧأɱЩаħˣɶԷΪܲȫȻ֪ɣ
ţֻͬˣ㾡˵޷ܣй˼ôЩаħҵȱǸ𣬷ǣҲΣ˼
۷׷ףͷǣڣ̧ͷŵˣ˵λѴ˿̹ػףɽ£ѹԨȷʵ٣ϵ˼䰲Σ򲻿ʧ˴
⡭
ԣ˴˶ӣɽеԨѲʲôܣɹڴܣΪα̸ܶ
˿ϵɻ˼˵ڴǾܣȫȻУЩаħΨ²ңʴһЩԣλѣǷǣΪƭ
ô
ԣƽ̳ϣȻĴɻҲ˰ŰɣɴʱϣҲκ˵ѵĺۼΪ죬ϸһǡ
ûвʲôܣҲһֱŲˣζԸֵħˣöԷ롣
ֱҹ˾֮ʱ˲뿪ϡʣɽҹξ覣ްɱˡ
ӣ˵ô죿
ҹɫ£ֻӰﾭǲطȵк׳̫ˣղ˵ģǺ׳졣
˫ָĬȻ˼űȻܣֻϺΪƻʼղϹ֮ڣǽҪء

ϣҡΣ˶ˣֻˣһڵ֮ϡ
Ȼ֮䣬һУʹõߵȻһҡΣɲǣָֻƽϣղһ˲䣬һƺ
ʦ
ʱһӰ˳¹£ģݣ˫»Ĵӣ
ʦ
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ҡҡͷü΢Ȼɫãż̧ͷԵͽ
ڡ
ʦлתͷ棬˵ǼУ츳ˣ꣬ǼΪʦһִʱ仹Сһϲܣұ㽫ֿӡ
ʦ
̧ͷ֪ΪʦҹͻȻ˵Щһ̣¹ϣʹͷϵİ׷ȥ·ֶһЩ
˼СҲ׳嶯ôȥˣˣʦ㳣ңŲڣ󷨿ҲԵֵҪʦܺʦá
ʦģһῴʦúʦܵġ
š
΢΢ףϣ˪ص¹⣬һ̾Ϊʦվˡ
ʦ
Ŵԣ͵̧ͷʦԼڵ󣬵ȸɵˣֺȻԼ˵Щѵ
ȡȿȣ
ʦ
ȿȡȿȣ
ͻȻҿɫһ԰ף֮ϣһƺɫѪ


1611 
ʦ
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û¡ؾš
˷ӣȣĵĹʮ֮ĹҲʮֹ죬հԷ͵Ϯܵû£
ֻΪţʱ˿Ѿˣֻʹ±߸Ĳȡ
ƾһ֮ҪѹڵħԪɷҪļ˶ȻΪҲٻڣղѪȳʱ˳ࡣ
һǽޱȣôδʦܹصˣҲܹʦˣҪǽǾ͵ϮʦָҲЩԪ
ã˲̧ͷʱɫ΢һЩ˵һȻڣǰǼħͷδѣһΣֻġС١
ԣ΢΢һһʧأȴҲֻС٣ô١ѵʦԣҲⲻǸ

һ̾һŵ⣬˫𽥱ЩˣԺ棬һգڡˮ»족濴һĻาһĻ
ˮ»𡭡
ϢɽһԻˮ»족űչ֮ˮ»棬һڿݾԻˮ¡
߷УŵǶת֮ʱˮ»ˮˮ֮ʱɴˮпȥδȴй¶
ʱĬȻնתƣˮھȻ߷ɵһĻһˣȴʼ޷Էӡ
ǵˣħˡ
˻۾ȻԺʼ޷˵ӣȴԶ϶˲ħ֮ˣǵˡ
ʦ
ţһż˵ҿɱˮʹ
ˮ
ȫһˣΪʲôҪɱˮţҲ˶ô˭
ֿɲԡ֣ոˣֹɱˮֻҪˮôʦͲ

ҹԽԽҹ֮£ֶ˼أʱ棬һʶŷԲŹκһ˿紵ݶ
ˮֱۣļ˯ԺԺ˵λ
ʦ֣ιˣͲ˺òãԺϣʦʦ֣ˮˡ
ʦÿ죬ʦ֣ˮҲʦ֡
ʦ֣˶ˣмһ֪ɣȥˮϪȥˮòáˮ֮ǰ棬ˮϪˮô䣬ôأʦÿʦǲ˵ʦңԭʦСʱرƤÿ͵ɽ׽һʦƼˣ
ЩϰɽµůͣŵˮϪ϶ɣɲ֪ôʦԺЩԽԽ࡭ֲÿʦЩǻȻˡ
ʦ֣ʲôʱ϶֪ˮϪÿ춼ȥɡ
תͷŴʱԼϣ΢΢˵λŮˮϪˮǺ䳹ǣ벻ȥЩ
콥ˣʣ¶ǰףˮҲ˯ۣʦ֡
ˡ
תͷ˿ˮ۾濴˿ǵˣʦĵ٣Ҳ쵽˰ɡ
μǼħͷֻˣǻ˰֡
ˮ˵ţ򶫷ȥʦĵٽ֪ˣֽʹֶΣΣЩ˿壬ʦɽ٣աػʦһ졣
֮ʱȻֶٵϢֱѹ˴Ȼ棬ڣûκܹ
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ԽԽüϢ񣬻δҲվԶźһ٣յĵڶٸҪǼֶΡ
ʱԶɽ⣬в˾ۼԼΪߣЩϲ޵еֻһɷа
ô죿ͽ̫ˣ棬Ǹܹȥһ񣬿겻ˡ
üһһ˿ڵΪ̫ߣչϣױ㱻ɱҵȹȥҲ֣ӲӲ硭

ϣٵϢԽԽǿȻΪţֻˮվһԣţͬʱҲӦɽһħȻɫһʦ֡
š
ҲѲֻǴ˿̣ȴԾ̩Ȼָһһʱ͸ƣɽһȺ˾һ

һǼ޲һҪһƵȥڿ۴һߣֻҪԿЩضǣᱻǷ
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ʦ֡Ҫȥ𣿡ˮͷţʦҪȥ١
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˵ͷΣҪʦ˳ɹ˽٣˵겻ԥٴϷȥ
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üͽһĵ֪һΪԶ֮ϣǱϾʦõ٣ǵС
һʿҲź˴ιһ֣ضٴԪֻһΣˣƾһ֮赲ħ˿壬ƾһ֮٣ʹħֶԵóѡڳǰҲ԰쵽
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ɽ⣬Ǽ޵߼ʱȥˣһ˴˶һۣ̳ˡ
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ˮһ𣬱ϾٷǷ㲻ͬ޴Ǽ˱һʱֻеһͷĿѣԭСѾͷҲ
ߡȥһߣ
˲ԥ̻һһ߷ȥˣɵһʱȴƺ֮ϣҲһƮƮ˫ϷٵŮӡ
λҴҶ磬ҸһΣ
˲Ǳˣǻħҹ֮ԣڴ˴ϢЩɵˣѷ
ÿ
ɷǾ̤ʥ֮ˣΪ˵ãȴ֪ǰŮӣֻһֻ֣ܽ÷顣
ǡ
ħָһУ˱ڣǼ˶ʱѪת룬һ˲䱻飡


1612 ؽ
ħǶǰħڹɽһ֮żȻĹ±أķ˼ʱ䷽ɣǵУ
ʱħˣǼ˲䱻飬ҪԪߣ꣬⼸˾ԪҲδӵħ֮£
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ʱƺħ̧ͷԶ֮µӰ뵱֮ʱΪ֮ɲɴԹܱǲУǰˣȴ·һһΣ⡣
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˿̣֮Ӱ֮δ֮飬߲棬ֿ٣˹һĻʵЩš
ڰ֮⣬һ֮ϣֻ±վӰ˺ܿò뷢׵ߣüһֵӡǡ
ʱµһĻĻǧ֮һߵĿ΢˵̫컯䱦ףһɴô
ұߵһſڵǾ˫֮˿Կµ٣ô˵ֿٵǡ
˴Ȼͣٽ˵ȥˣߵ߿˿ֻعͷ֮£˵ѵϡ

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ֱ֮ڵԽԽţϵ٣ƱϮ˻ĳڶ¡
ʿҲս׼ɽϣƱؽһսսϵģֻһ࣬Ԫŵأˡ
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˾һЩħգһεĹƣضҪࡣ
šˣ
ʱһϣֻϥĿ÷ŴԼʮӣʱӿĴƬƣϢħǶŲ
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ŴԣŲٵӣԼһʿһ˾ħԪɷֲЩ첻ôҲЩ쳣
ձؽ޻أ
ʱ˴һɽ˳Ϣת⣬ԪһߣʱǱƽɽĺɢˡ
Ǻǡ
ʱǺ֮УһµŮӣŮӼѩģߵֻһۣ·ҲҪȥǼ̨ǧ涡
ŮӴ߳һЩĲĵӣȻǱס˻ǣ˫һգգţϷ쳣һȣŽЩʧĵӾѻ
˻عֻһ亹е£ŮȻֻǿһۣ㱻סˡ
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ֻǧһЦյ޻أาڿ˵úأ㼸˵ľԪζһǺǺǺǡ
֮ʣԶмֱ𡢳ٶоġ
Ϣ֮ǿ˺ˣԼЩܹǳ֮ˣϢ£Ȼе޷
аħԲѣһˣ콣𣬺Ȼŵ񲻿ɵ
ǡ
ǧһЦԶ˿ȥ壬ֱ壿
һ
ٶĿ䣬һ̧ٿȻһɺͳɽ˹

⼸ħͷϮһʿҲʾ̼ɽػţʱս֮С
壬ʱˮԶĴЩţϥĿ˿ȴȫȻδһ㡣
⼸ʦ·һ⾳֮ˣһؽ١
ţһؽ٣
쳾ؽ٣
ħؽ٣
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նʬؽ٣
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ĵؽ٣ʲô߽ٹһǷնһУ̤Ǵ˵֮У֮֮
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ʦ֡
ˮδЩħ˱㱻նˣȻʦɾ֮ʱԶɽϣȻ־˴ƬħӰлһʮɸߵħӰȥʮֿ£ħ֮Ԩħħɷ


1613 ˫
ɷɷɷ
ħħɷƿνʮͣˮ˫΢һӡˮʱ㣬͸һ
ˮ˺󡣡
һ죬Զħɷһѷ
ˮ̧ͷԶħɷȥħԼʮɣħ淭ڣʮͣǴǰ˱㺦£Ҫʦģֻʦһˡ
𡪡
ת˲䣬ħɷѾ˹ָһʱһâɳһһаɷʱȻ޷ħɷ
𣡡
ħɷ͵һضһߣƻΣ䡱һħɷײʱøƺӿֹ
߽Ա˳ȥûܹǰˮһطӡ֮Ҳᱻǿˡ
ʦ֣
ʱˮЩʦ֣ħɷֵǹ룬ʦһˣǺѶԸ
ˮ
ָһٴâʢϳħɷնȥȻǷ񽣣նħɷϣҲֻǲϱ𻨣޷ֺ޷˴ħ۹½Ҳѽ䴴ˡ
𣡡
ת˲䣬ħɷųǿֱֲ⸽ҲԶ޲¶ɫһ٣ôħ壬롣
˼⼰ˣɽȻħɷϣȴһ㣬ħɷһ֣˵ıзЩħȾ
˲ħ֮Ԩħ
޲ȻʧɫʹԪһӿ¡һ죬Ǭһħɷת֮䣬ȴֹȸղŸӿˡ
ʦ֡Сģ
ħɷˮʧ˳ʱԶħһĻҲüͷһ壬ħɷ첻յħԨ£ħ֮۶ɣѰɽУ޷ɷ޷ֺСΪٸҲûãʦࡣ
𣡡
ħɷͣħ֮˶˽ԱͷĿѣеĩ֮ˣѪӿֹ۶ڱǣһʱѪ
ʱڱˮ̨໹漸רԿ٣ʱȴħȻҲš
𡪡
ħ֮ԶЩʿڳܲסԱ󵹷˳ȥˣѪ
ˡˣ
ˮ˫Ҳŵķңзӡ֮壬ħ֮ˡ
üħ̫ѶԸôȥֻֻŵʦɽ٣취촦
ʦ֣
ʱˮȻַűˮ˵˫赣ɷ
š
ԥ̼ˮһԣʱ˫赣ʱҫ۹â
ǡˮ
ԶɵˣʱѽâĿ̲סһ˵ˮѽĽ飬Ϲʱ˯Ǵ˿̣ӽ͸Ľʵ̫ǿˡԭѽҪ˫赣ܷӳ
߳
һɲǣѽӳͳħɷնȥ͡һʱɷһᴩ
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ħɷʹͷһħХָһһ˲նʮΪ䡱һħɷʮħʱΣջһħɢ
ʦ֣̫ˣ
ħˮƴЦһջ˱ˮԶţħҲ˫Ŀһʦöˣǡ
ʱһߣٶӦħɷһ˵һ仰ʱһ߷˹
ʦ֡ħͷˣ
ˮԶٿȻ˱ˮٶ֪˷Ǹղħɷɱȣһˮ˻ȥˮҪ
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ˮҡҡͷ˿λʦֻعͷŵ棬üͽĳٶҲüħֻһ˼䣬ɱϾҲħ֮ԨһЩ̫󣬲֪ܷԸ
ħգٶģֲ˫ĿŭСӣɱħ
䵭һʱһХֻչǾͱˣǵĹͷһһȻŽ
ԣЩ߾΢΢һһǺһĿ


1614 ǧ׽
Сӣֻϧڱǰˣյ³ãܣ
ٶħԪһħʱӿһĻϵ˾һȥ
Ȼʬħκħɷ֮ȻħҲ⣬ֻһ̧һӿ¡һ죬˵ʱһԶһֻǹħɷ죬ȴ޷Ⱦˡ
ô⣿
䣬һЩӿħһ˲䣬ɢˡ
ٶ˫һֲõû죬ԭСӣħɷ֮
ʦ֡Сģ
ʱˮһֻԼҵգͻȻһЩħȻ
ߡ
һߣָһЩħһֻһ̡죬ʱ㻯ɢˡ
ħն
ٶһȣֱۣȻһѺɫħУͳն˹ǰУʱɷ͵ĵ棬һ㣬Ʋɵ޲ľ
Ǻɫâնһ˲䣬ȫת⣬˫һ̧ǰȻһīɫ̫ӡһٶħնֵסˡ
ϣϢ񣬼˶ãȻʤо룬ղʩչģȫȻǵ淨̫ת⣬ħǿҲ˲ֺ
ǰ˽Եħʱʩչĵڳ֮ˣ˭˵֮ϣһʱա

һ죬úһֻƺ֮ϣ棬ٶĿ¶׹⣬ɱڣұڴˣѽʬΣ
ԣȴУֻص꣬Դ㣬ʣ
һ˽סˣٽꡭĻˣ
ɵųϣĸ˼ꣿһǧꣿ˵ǳٶ˶꣬һ£Ҳֻǹȥʮͷˡ
ֻʮʱ䣬޵һҲԴﵽľ磬꣬ǡΪƣΪꣿܳң

ٶȻŭȫħԪһ𣬶ʱƺӿɽΪȻʱǱڴˣɱϾǺȺħĳǰ˵ЩҲˣһССӣҲǰ˿Ը
ħս⣡
ͻȻ䣬ֻٶ˫һϣƲ㷭ӿһħ⣬ʱϯضֻкէ֣Щ֮ϣ͸һս⣬η壡
죬ħ֮ԨĶұ조ħս⡱ħ֮Ԩˣն֮󣬽Կȡǣս⣬żսٻʱض
̶Ƭ̼䣬ħսѾ۶ɣԲʱħ죬һɳɷ˲
չ󣬱ս֮Уٶһǣ
ٶȻһȣӰ䣬˲ϢɱħľۼǿֹüͽһһСģ
սȻϮǲģӰһΣչɲͬʱʮҲ˲ΣȻһٶȥ
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սʱΧɽһڳ֮޲Ϊ֮һˣǺȻ֣˵ͰԵ
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䣡
֮ϣϢעĿѣˮʦһֱκûʦΪʱ޷ȥʦֵæ

Ȼ䣬ٶħһʱ֮УЯһɴ֮ƣֱ
ʱһһһ¾ٶֻһӰٿȻ˪ȴǻδ롣
δ룬ôˣ
ָһ۹½֮ǰδڱ𴦣ڶԷͻȻѵطˣ
δĿԶĳٶѹղյ鱨ˣڽգṥɽ󷨡
ԣüһڻδհѻ˵֮ʱǱߣȻһ𵴣壬Ҳһζ
⣬ǹˡ
ϣɫһ䣬棬ٶͷһЦСӣͬᣡ䣬Ǽж
ġ
δԪһˣٿ컨Ӱʱϧ֮أٳϺϺɷ̫أʱٻƹ
սٿ˶ʱȻ׶һϢֱ
Ҫˡ
ܵɿµϢ˽һʶԶȥ٣ǵС
ǺǺǡ
ʱٶϺȻ¶˼ΪյЦݣٽ٣֮࣬£ҷ𣬲ɣ
¡
ӿڣֱһ˲䣬໹˻棬Ԫ󶯣˲󷨣âԿ٣
Ȼ٣ƲɵŻ֮Ȼǿ໹ˣʱҲһЩɿֲ֮ɳȥ

ƼһĻԶ˽ŵʧ˳˵ǧ涼˶ʱ٣̲סһ٣
˽еȻǵи۶໹漸ɽ٣٣ŻһеһΣܳɹɽ

ǧͷЦˣ˵ӣһأͽǶɲ˽ˡ
֮ʣٵһߣȻƷӿһɸӿµϢէȻ֣ʱһǣ
⡭
һ˲䣬ɫһ䣬˲֪ʲôףףѷĵ٣
ǺǺǡ
һЦǧ׽֮£һжȻ޴棬ӣһأ֮Ҳסǧ׽˰ɣ
ǧ׽١
ĸ֣ڳ֮ˣ޲ɫ䣬ǧ׽٣ǾʮµĴ֮һ˽Ϊ˶ԸţΪ˶ԸȻǧ׽٣


1615 Ԫ
¡¡
޲ľʱǡǧ׽١ûǧ׽Ҳʮֲֿڶɵ٣ʱκһţ书ܴɡ
ۼǧ׽ٽҪ£һ˲䣬ԥȫԪһ֣һ磬ȻϷȥ

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˫ĿԲ־֮ʣһףͳȥǿۣһ£ʥҲҪҷ
ʦܡ
ոո߿һĻҲŵòЩεȥɫһ±ñֽףֻһ״УǷԲʱǿҫۣ·һУԱۻˡ
ǿʧֻ֮Ǿ֮ϣ֣۹½Ҳ׸͸һϹϢü֮ϣҲһħӡһ߰ħ֮Ҳֻǿղһ׵ֵ
ʦʦ֡
ˮСɷף౻亹ʪղһ׽ǴĻʦͻٲʦҪûеסһ׽ٵĻʦ־ͻҷ𡭡
⣬δϣղȥ׽ٴһ˲䣬ֹͣˡ

ʱʮӰ˹ȴǰ˹ˣղǿϷȥҲʵš
ǺǺǡ
ٶȻЦǧ׽٣ղһ׽٣ֻǿţħ֮ҲҪΪɻҡ
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ۼ׽ֽ£ħȻɫ䣬洫ȥһСӣǧ׽٣ǿ㿸סףٲ³ֻлҷ𣡡
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һδһһɲǣȻ֪û˿ֹˡ
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üͽǶȻһԪȼյ˼£ıǱԪ
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ʦ֡Ҫ
ˮŵûʧɫʱּʦȼձԪҲ룬һ˲Ϸȥɽ⿪ϵķӡҲҪʦȼձԪɾշһ˲䣬ȴһӰ
ʦ㡭ˮǰԼˣͻȻֵӰǧѡ
˿ˮҡҡͷ̧ͷϵһ˲䣬ֻΪģǷԲʮΪһɫĻ֣һĻΪȫԪе׽١
ʦ
֮ϣعͷңңǱˮ̨ջعͷ˫ֽӡһɫĻȻøǿе׽٣ȫ
Сӡ
Զǧ涵û뵽СӾȻԽԪȼյ£ֿµǧ׽٣һһУȫ׷ˣ
ߣ۵վһٶһߣȻ֮䣬幥
ģǡ
һɲǣδɫҪж£˵ˣǴ˿ϵˣܵһ֮

ٶһ̧һƻûȥδϣȻһɳ֮Ʊһ㣬һɲǣ㽫ֱ۸סˡ
ǡǧĪӣ
ϣ޲Ȼɫң뵱꣬ʱӣʱɱʵȻ˿£Ӳĳ֮

ٶ⳹֮⣬ħһȻȥʱ룬嶼סһ˲˳ȥһұۣǱ˱ա顱һѳ顣

ԶЩ˼״޲¶ɫֻôһ˲䣬ȥһۣ


1616 ̩

˽һǺټδʱɱӣԶӰȴ歷˺ˡ
δ롭
δʱɱӣ歷Ҳһ㶣ּһĻҲȻһʮֲõԤС
һٱһۡ
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˫ãײϣߵǧ׽٣طȴֵסףʱǿԭ󷨣һȻ
󷨱֮ħʱֹ˽쳣Ļң࣬ٴɱС
壬ҲֵסˣڣȻлδһڸֵֵȴҲǱƵòȥ
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һ죬ƺһķ󷨣ڱˣħ˴гٶ;Ǽ֮ˣ޲ɫһΣѵֵסˡ
ˡ
üͽȻɫۼǴħ˳֮ڣʦɽٹؼ֮ʱһЩħ˳Ȼǧ׽ţЩ˴ϵĻҲͬٲ
Σһ̣һ䡱һһ½Щħ˳ȥ
ʦ棡ˮһֻ˰׷˪ˡ
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һţ˾裬ʱ̫ݻȻɣ˺һԭƳһɲǣȻϼâҫаֽ֣
⡭
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ʦ
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̩
֮У˾ٶǰһµĵ
˾˫һ̩һȵʱɽħˣһɲǣƱɿ÷飬³
Ǿġǧ涡ٶˣܲס˿ɵɳʮ֮Զȥأ
⣬ħƽںߣҲס̩Ȼ
ʦ
У˻亹ΣȻղŶá̩ٹʱһ˲סѰʱ򣬼ʦ÷̩Ҳ֮󣬿Щ˵ؼѾ˾ĵħԪɷ
ʱԶɽ⣬ǧȶңңϣǧ涺޺޵벻ħԪɷղҪߵÿ죬ûˡ
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⡭
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Ȼ˲֪ʲôϺȻһɸӿµ׽٣Ȼ
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Ǻǡ
ǧһЦ±ߵͽҿҪŲסˣ㻹𣿻Ҫ֮£ҷ𡭡
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Ǻǡ
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죬ڣһɫĻױˣ·ü޲Ȼʧɫһ˲䣬ҷ
ʦ֣
ۼ˺ѲףһֱȥˮʱľѣɾһɲǣϢ֮䣬Ȼ֮䣬һˡ֮ڳ֮޲һ㶣ĵһ㣬ؼӶ
ˣ
ˣ
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֮Ĺɣ˲һ˲䣬˶ܵһɿµϢϢǴ϶

ڣһ˲䣬ڱˮ̨ɵٵҲۣͬнĿ


1617 
ϡ
Ŵʱ͸ĿֲϢһ㶣ʮйɵδҲȫɫѵʬħ
ʱʬħûѹɴû㣬йɵ֮ѵʬħѾȫˣ
ţ
ǧ涼Ҳ䱸ɵô£ǣСϵϢ
⣬ϣغȻǧ֮һУʱǸܲϵϢȴܿ쳣һ̣ϵ飬ʮˡ

ͻȻ䣬ͷһХ׷ѩ裬һɲǼ䣬ȵӿɢȥʱ⸽Ҳɢˣǧ׽ٴδ㱻ˣ
Сģ
һ˲Զ˳ȥȻӵٿ죬ҲͻѪӿֹǧ涸Ŀ¶ɫղǧ׽٣Сӵ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ص֮Ȼδͣ£һһڸ˶·һʿˣղǹǧ׽Ҳˣǵʲô
ʦ֡ʦôˡ
ˮŵɫҰף⼸һֱߣǸ٣ǿ˯ţδеʦ˽Ǵ˿ָ̣оûˣǸˣ·Ѿȫ˸ˣ۾Ѫ죬￴Ǹʦˡ
һ
üͽѱɫ˶֪û˿ŴһĻûκ˿ǸħȾССӤ
˸ϵŴ֮ʱѾûˣħ֮һѹһǽ棬Ѿħ֮ʴǵʦħ֮ġ
ȻѾȥʮ꣬£üͽǣǴ˿̣ΪʲôΪʲôһɢϢŴǹħ֮һģһһģһ
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üͽˣ˽˵Ϊ飬ۼΪʵŴħ֮ʴӤʦýӤڵ
ȴȫǼٵģ
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һ˲䣬ɫɷףԭ꣬ǹħ֮κµģǴһɢİǹħ֮ɱȫˣǿ˶֡ʮʮ
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һɲǣüֻеתҡҡλվȣϵ֮УҲ̲ס
ʦãʦð㾹ȻǰƭҺʦܣӤħѹ˾ħ̥ʦܣֲܷˡʦûܷ֣صһС
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˿̣лشüͽȻ쳣˹Ŵ֮£ֻʦúü⣬˲֪һУǴ˿һڱǹħȻ͵Ŵйء
֪֪
üɫɷףͻȻûһҡͷ˵Բ˵ܡҲ˵
ʦܣô£
üⲻϿڣлشһԵĽȥ˫Ҫңʲô֪ҪʾʦȥʦȥҲ֪
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лش¶֮ɫü⿴ȥʱһӰ˹סļʾҪټȥˡ
ȴǷǱлشϸ£ɵ̫ˣŴ֮±飬غʦõڴʱ֮ڡ
лشʱʦֵ˹¹غ֮ȷʵ˵
̧ͷȥֻ˫Ѫ죬׷ħڣֱǼħͷӿ£ϵħѹȥ˭ħ
ʱڳʿԲŴʱЩһħҲܻħеħʲôħħ
һĻüһˮ»һԪ񣬿ɾˣҲûз֣һڣħܹӹ˫۵ģֻ۶
һɲǣüͷøˣˮ̨濴ȥ㵱꾿ʲôҲ֪
֮ϣŴʱǿħȻǧ涼ˣҲһСӡôܣϵħȻǻأ
˵ǵĹͷһһȻ󣬷Ž
ʱתԶˣһɲǣ˫Ѫ۾ֱϢ


1618 ħ
Сӡϵ
ǧ΢˿˭ҲóϵʮֲѰһʱƬ̼䣬ȴҲ˵⾿ʲô
ߣҪжֻٶɫ䣬ȫħԪһ𣺡ħս⡪ѣ
һ˲䣬ֻٶħɷڣһ̧ħսһʱغɽѣƾˣ·˾Աɫ
ħն
ٶս࣬˲һ˿أɾǰħնһ˲䣬ȴħӿһɲǣɰ˷ħԪΪãһʱֻɽӲذ
˳ٶħԪ
·˽һֻٶħɷ֮ԭǼκ˲ʴǴ˿̣˷ħɷ֮ȻǱһڣΪã
һ
üͽɫ䣬ˮҲԭأɵˣţʱǰһĻ
䣡
һ촫ʱһƺӿֻǾ֮ϣһֻֽס˳ٶնһ˫Ѫ죬ħӿʵڽ޷š
ʱٶϾ¶ʹ֮ɫȻ޷ܴʱħԪҲԴԴϱԷȡȥһħԪݽߣɣ
ʱһƣһСħԪơ˲Ϣ䳯
±˿һƼȿܹͣ£Էһһʽָơ
飡
һ죬֮ϣƺӿֻһֻֽųٶǰħУһֵֵֻĻħԪƣ˱ǼжɴʱȴȫˣԷ׵ǵʽǶ˵ħԪҲɢ
ˡ
һ˲䣬ʱվǴˣΪղһ£ܹ𿪣ȴû뵽һԼҲںͳһ޷ˡ
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ǧ涺;Ķһۣ˵Ӱ˲ʧˣһ˲䣬ٳʱȴͬʱƣ֮Уɱ͵س͵Ϯȥ
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Įӿ䡱һһ½Ҳֵסˡ
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ǧ˫üһ壬ҪȻˣڵħԪҲϱԷȡȥ
棬𡢳ٶǧ涣˾ѱɫΨһۣܹʱ顣
һɲǣȫһ𣬡顱һ˽Ա˳ȥٶܴأһѪһ̣ûκм֮
ǧؿڣˣɫһףҲ̲סһѪӿ˳
ʱ̧ͷ֮УţҲţԷղ´ˣˣ׶༪ˡ
˵˴˼ģֻǵһΪȾ磬뱾һ𣬽մ˿ǷձǱ
֮ϣ˪Į˫Ѫ۾ľ±˶ס˺ŸղһĻŶ̶Ƭ̣һʵ˿£֣˲ֺ
ĸ׼Ҫôô
ϢĿ⣬֮ţһɲǣؼ䶼ͻȻֻһĿ⣬һƵ
𡢳ٶǧ涣˶ס˺գĿ˾ĳٶϡ
һɲǣٶǱһ㣬һΪħ֮Ԩǰħ֮ӣֻΣɱϾǳʱԷǺĿԼϣ¶ӣȥ
Ǿһ˲䣬ȴһ׹Ԩĺ֮УȻһɲǣԷӰɱ

һ죬Ʒӿ˲䣬ٶ˫ۻħУֵס˶ԷһȴԷòȥѪӿֹʱһѪӿ

ٶħԪˣȴҲֵסԷ˿ħڣȥҪһ
һĻ±˶ŵ˫ȷ⾿˭ħ

ٶϷ˻֮һ̣޷ѶԷѵҪԷ

ʡߡޣٶ˫ۿ£˲䲼Ѫ˿ȴֻţ˿ˡ


1619 
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
֮֮𣬷ƳħҪҪ´ңɳƵ֮£˸Ǹеˡ
δòʬħʬħʬħδȫѣҲԶˡ
ʱڱˮ̨棬ؿڣҲ໹漸˲˲Ծһ䣺ʦá

Ȼ䣬ɫһ԰ףҲһΣԭϵ֮һɲǣͻȻȫɢˣ
ʦã
໹ʱһ䣬ԡʦõĵ٣˵Ӧùȥ˲ǣΪ۶ڴʱͻȻʧ
ѵѵ
һɲǣ໹ɫ䣬ѵĽ٣ڲſʼ໹棬໹棬ų㣬ȴû㵽߽һĽ٣ʦõġǧ٣

ˮ̨棬һ۶Ϊһ˲ȫɢˣѵһ̧̣ͷ죬͵һʱһɼΪõԤС
طɵһȻԭϼ죬֮۶ֵǵ٣Ϊδʱ֮ͻȻȫʧˣѵɽʧ𡭡
ܣǶɽʧܣղǵ֮£Ѿҷˣڵٹȥˣ˵Ӧ̤ߵľ˲ǣΪδʱ۶ȴʧˣ
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ʧ֮ʣϺȻٴδƹѹ࣬һεϢ׹ԨֻһΣĽ٣֮ǰ߽٣ʱϢֱ֮
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ԽԽ壬˿ȴʧȥз֮ǰ߽ʱ۶ֵ٣۶ѾʧˣҪζһ٣

ڣ
ʦ˹ֻĺƣò˵ˣ塭
ʦ
Ҳɫһ䣬˿ˮ̨Ǳߣֻλʦ֧ţʦõ۶Ѿʧˣε٣
졭ˣ
ضֽţʱڿЦһҲٶԥټˣѸٳ塣
ʦأ
ü⼲˶뿪ˣʦأѵҪ
ߣ
˲ԣʱҲ˹Щŵؿѡ
ѣҲ뿪ɡ
Щεĵ˵ͷʮǧζʲôٶҲסαͽ

գӳ̾Ҳŵ泷ȥˣܿ죬˶Ѿ뿪ˣĽ٣Ϣ˺ˣ˸
Ŵʱ˵ȥ壬һ·壬ˮҲǧǿдˣʱټһɽ壬ȥǿһˣֻˣվһ档
ʱһӰ˹ȴˣʱĿţʦ֣㡭
һɲǣ˺Ȼ뵽ʲôĿ͸˲ŵ񣺡ʦ֣ѵ
һ߷壬ƺ˵ֻ߷ɽܷǧ١
뵽ɴʱʦ׿˵̲סһ𣺡ʦ֣һĻ
֪
˵˵ͷʦܣȥɡ
ʦ֡գһ̾һ⣬ɽȥˡ
¡¡
ǧٵϢԽԽʱˣ޲Ѿ̤뷽֮ˣܹǧ٣ˣа𡭡
δ룡Ҳ߰ɡ
ʱδ⣬̫ˣһǧٽ٣ûʱӿ
߰ɣҲͻʣѾ˲ˡ
δʱ۶ѾʧˣӵǧٵˣΪΣΪӻǧ١
δ룬ߣ
歷Ѿȥ룬ǧת˲ͻᵽʱδȴڳ歷һѽţչԶȥˡ
壬տյΨǧ֮٣˲ʱھ֮ϣ֮ͻȻʧˣǧҲһ㶣漴뵽ˣǧ١
ɣǧ١
·ϵһУǧȥȫɻüģô£֪ǧٻᵽΪλҪǰ׷ǧ׽٣ⲻǶһ𣿡
û˵ֻһؿţѾʧȥֵ֮壬˼£Ī⣬ǧ涼ˣҲ²͸Եɡ
ʦ
һ̣Ҳָ˼ѣعͷȥֻ壬ʱѾʧȥ֣֮ʦ۶ôͻȻʧ

ʱٶͻȻһȣѿɳɾ룬·ȥЦǧ٣ǧٵˣû۶뷲죬˵ǧ٣κһСС׽٣ڶҪҿأҪζɽ٣ʦͽˣȥȪž۰ɣ


1620 ߷
ʦͽˣȥȪž۰ɣ
ٶЦϣħԪһۣȻǼϮħһ£ܹ͵Ϯȴһ˲䣬عһ
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һ죬ٶһУʱһѪ³󵹷˳ȥȥȴȫȻҵġ
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Ʒȥ֮ǰӿˣƣ߷壬˽һδֵܵסֻ࣬նѡ
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⣬ڳ˽һֻϻ˫ֲ󣬾ǣɽ֮ɽ֮ȫԿǧ٣
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һ̣˶ɫû뵽˽վð˴գͽסˣ²עͲ½⵽
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ŴԣǧɻһȥƺϤ죬ô˳ؽħԪɷԷڡ
֪һУģ㵽ʲô
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ģ㵽ʲôΪСͻȻǿô֪࣡ǲǣ
ٶҲ֮߹ˣʱ֮УԲһɺ壬ʱĲ˵ǺµһҲʼܹ
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˼ˣ˴ʱ̨ľ޽֮£˿ڣȻ֪˺¡
ߣ˵ʦ壡ʦ߷߷ȫ壬ҵġ

˳һ̾ʵ֪ӣػһǰǾ޽˿ɫż˵ڵȣҵġһԨӡɶֻ¡
˺ɡ
վǰľ޽޽̫񽣣ΧʮŸͨһ󷨣֮£̫񽣣ҲѹԨڡ
Ҫѹסɽֻп̫񽣺󷨣˶߷뱣֤̫񽣲ɶˮܸۣһ̫ɶԨ֮ؽɽ޷

ͻȻ֮䣬αʮԭģʱȴǱ˾һ˫һסǰѾ޽һԪ֮ӿ룬ʮŸͨʱ죬ԭ𵴵̨ʱȶ
ʦ塭
ʦ˴Ԫ˲һ㶣ʱϣǧҲڽˣȻأƲɵ
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߷֮۵ĹĻϣʱһȻԶˣҲһѪӿֹȥ
ɫҲһ±ɷشһ㣬亹乣һѽԪޣɼ߷ֵ֮ǧһˮ̨ȥ
ʦá
໹˿ԥ̴ȫԪ󷨣ԵֵǧٵȻֻҲʮֲֿ˵һʱ͵һ˵и޷
һ٣ʱȥˣԶ޲ľͬʱҲ߷֮߷֮һ𣬾ֵܵǧ١࿹
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ת˲䣬ڶɫɷף亹乣˫һ̧ȻٴԪ߷ˮ̨۶һλܷٵֵǧ٣Զ˽ĵûܹ֤
ʱڰ֮⣬ϣغڣޱأǧ٣ǧ١һε飬ѾԶԶǵԤϡ


1621 
¡
˵𵴲ֹһ̣Ԫˣ϶ʱ߷۶ӳһ㣬Զˣ޲Ϊ֮һ
˶߷֮ʱ⼸ɽ壬𵴲ֹһЩʧ޵Ľǳܲס𵴣׷ױĳ
ĿһĻŶˣֻ׽ٳɢâҫ۶ĿƸǾˣȫƾ߷֮ܵ߷֮壬ڸղһ£Ѿˡ
Ǵʱɽ壬Ѿ𵴵ԽԽôȥһԨ䣬ⷽԲǧǻһ˲䱻Ԩ֮٣ɽǵȻ޴棡
ʦ𣡡
ʱϣ˼֧ţҲˣʱ򣬵Ǵδʦʱˣգ߷֮Ƶֿǧ٣ʵΪ࿹
ѡ
ɵųҲѱɫĶǣֻ˼׷תϢ̫⣬һ̣Ͼţ
ŵˣ۵ˣطȣԼŸɣ񶼲òϣ˵ͬڣͬԴ۵ŵ̫Ҫʤһο˾֮ţһܼ
ɾ˵ٸߣҪ࿹Σʵϣʱ˿̣ĵڸ˵ĵѾˣǧ¡
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Բ֮ʢ׳£߷ԽԽһĻҲԽԽб֮
ˡ
ɫ䣬ǧ٣ԶԶǵԤϣʱ߷ֵס
˶ȻǽԪޣ߷ϻ۶߷۵ٶȣȻֲסǧҪĵٶȡ
ϣһĻѾԽԽ·ʱ飬ڱˮ̨棬໹ҲѽԪޣĻ飬Ҳ޷ֵס
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һһΣǹĻڳѺۣԶ˽һȻ߷ѾԵֵǧ٣߷ǿҲһʱƬ̾ȫ۹
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ڳģ˭Ըðգȥ٣в㣬ǻҷ³󿪣˭˭Ըʱ⣿
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ʱλʦ̫ƶᶨ˿ֻҪʦһ仰ǱǷҲ£ֺξ٣
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ԽԽǿۼ߷۵ĻѾ飬˶Ѿʼη壬Զĵطˡ
ɵųϱ˴˶ӣҲҡͷľӶ࣬ʱǲȥֵ٣в³ȻʱһΪ޾ˣɾôˣкã
ԥ֮ʱȻ䣬ֻһӰϷȥɵ˲һʱ򣬻˭ȥ˶һƣ˾ǡ
δ룡
歷ɫһ䣬ղһֱŻδ룬û뵽̶ֻƬ̲񣬶ԷϷȥ
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δ롭֮ϣɫһ䣬Żδ룬ȥ
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⡭
һ̣˶Ŀɿڴһ£ǵ꣬ʧ˵Ůӡ
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ײϣδ˫ַֻۣؿڣʣɽϣȻ覵


1622 ǰ
ǰɽϵһҲ֪˶ٸǧ꣬ʶ

٣ֵڲĻ֮⣬ʵţǿ߷
ʦ
ʱҲ˻亹̧ͷ˿ϵĻδ룬ʱԥ˫һˣٴ߷֮
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ɽ壬𵴲ݣɽԽԽǿϽµ׽٣ҲԽԽδȻ֧Ųס

ۼ׽ԽԽףˣҲһ·˹ȥ绨δ룬һˣǶһ
䣡
һĻѾ飬δУʱһǿ£Щ׹ȥ
δ롭歷΢΢һ˹ȥ赲Χĳ
䣡
׽֮£·һжҷ𣬵ڶĻҲˣ֮ϣȻɫʱҪϱ߾ĵˣ޷ȥ

ʱ˫һ̫֣ϷԭĹĻһ±һ޴̫ͼ塣
ˡ
Զɵų϶סˣȻѽޣ̫ͼǳҲδܹסǧ١
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һ죬δ۵ĵĻҲˣʣ㣬Եֵ׽١
׽ٳĻ˻̫ͼ̫ͼҲƣ໹˵󷨱һϣȻδֵܵôԶ
⡭
ԶȻҲɫû뵽׽˿ֲ˽߷ֵסҪô죿
ͳ졭ô죿
󣬻вˣǴ˿̣ѵҪȥֵ˵£ǲܵģȻʱ̲ס΢΢
ȵȡǱ𳳣룬롭
Ȼţﲻͣţٹ壬ϱȻ⼸λ϶ɽķҲ᳹ױǼ˱ṥһƣʱΪһɢɳ˼ܿݣ죬ҲѱУ
ôˣ
Ա߼˱ͻһһʱֻȻǱߣ·κʱҪأ˵뵲١
ʲʲô
Ա߼˻Ϊˣ٣˶ֵУȥ٣
ȻûȥǽˣתǺѹѹһƬӰˣǰֵ٣
ʲô
ԣȺʱҪȥֵ٣ǡ
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ȻԣǱ߷ȥһ£ܿ죬Ǹȥ
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ǰḧӣĬ˿̵ʮָӡ
ڶǧ֮ʱǷѾǰǵ꣬µһɹǣת֮ˡ
ءʦ
֮ʱ洫ˮ϶Ŀֻˮ۾˽ʵʦʦֻ𡭡
ˮ
߽ŮŮҲһ֮š

ȥգɽָЩԪѾ޸ٻĽҲؽΣѵĵӣǹ
һŸɵˣҲڽհȥˣʱ˸ڵ֮ϣϲ԰֮ɫϡȻɼ
໹漸±ߣҲĬȻУƽ룬˺һüϲ̾˵ͽһα⣬ҵ롭
ԣ˶ĬԺ棬ֳָʮǰһε䣬ǧţ˭ϴ֮ϣȴͻȻһͷꡣ
֮ϣüһΣԷԪ񣬵һǧ£ȻֻסԪ񣬿Ҳûôˡ
ã죬ǵҹ˲ȥһ£Ƭ̣ԨϺȻڵ˴Ϯױȥ󷨣ǡǷй֮
Ŵһ⼸ˣ鶼ʮˣȻ֪˿̣Ԩָ֮ʲô


1627 
£һϮɽױƣ˵ȷΣֻǸ˲ԸȥţţҲ˼ϸˣټһţҪȥ˾
˺һ˲˵ڴ£λʦҲڲɣ֮Ǿʹָ
ԣ⼸˶һθԪˣҪָһ˸ղԣʵУǡ
üϵһӦΪԨ֮ɣ
֣ļˣǶԸȥ̸Ҳüһȥ棬ȴδµټǲһ˿ޣʮֵϢ
ʱ໹ֿڵճ飬һʶһֱɽʦֿ֪ЩΪζ
ԣһߣ룬໹˵˵һ룬β˵ꡣ
໹ʦĪഫţ˵Ųһܣʦ֣Ҳš
Ŵһϣһ°ˣŲо£֪ǴӺδʼɣҲԴŲɣһգ˵Ÿɣ´Уʵֵˣ
һ紵˽ʹõϵҡβֹüһ˵ŴֹãŻڵܣҲȫȻѨ硭ֻǵ꣬ʦҲδңܣʲô
⡭
Ŵԣ˲˫ü뵱꣬ʦ뿪࣬ߵôҴңһȥ߰꣬Ѷ
໹ֿڵˣǶΪԨ֮ĿģӦǴģˡ
üºԨüͷŵܣһҲֻ֪ʦ֣֪һǹŵЩ飬ϾʦֲţڣҲöʡ
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һƵ֮ġ
Ŵԣ⼸飬ʮˣһƵ֮ģ仰ʲô˼
ҡҡͷ˵ʦ뿪ʱպۺʱصģΪħţǹʦ֮ǰǾ仰Һڤ˼룬ôҲ⡣
˶ĳ˼һƵ硭Ƿ룬˵֮ейأ
һ˲ֵ£λʦòعΪ˷񣬵֮ȶƣȻˣãֻٴξ

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ˮʣЩ죬ԺǻһĻһĻҲʱμֻصǼգΰ֮䣬Ҳ֪⾿Σ֮ˡ
ˮ
վЩ龫ǣҲҵķϴ⣬ˡԻ˷ҲΪ죬һΣǧ¡
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ءˮкö໰ûüʦ˵ʦûа취ء
ˮ۾ģ˵˵ţֿµˣüߣŴҶһΣѵֻǸ𡭡
ֻת֮˵ֻҪдһ˿Ԫδ𣬱ʹ临ѣʩչʩ֮ˣض˥
ҪǣһǱ⣬δȥԴ˷δؼãֻ˵ûҪֶεĵز
һ£һʱ⼸λϣҲûа취Ԫʹѹ
죬ɶÿ춼±ߣÿÿ磬ƺΪˣɵվż⣬ͣˣƺ֮ϣԭʲôҲûС

壬üü㵱㣬ҪȥѰҶŽô
ĬȻãŵҪϹ¶֮Ȫֻɳȱһɡ

üϵ˵ͷ˵ֻյĹŶУǹŶ磬飬ȥδѰ١ããʮ磬ʦãҵõ𣿡
ȥ½ɵΪ޷Խ½ħڣһԡڶ½һߣĺ˻֮⣬ҲĹŶ硣
⡭
ŴԣüҲһ㶣ǰЩֻΪ췽ҹ̷󿪣ʦ۶һ㣬ı£ܹԽ½ҵǴ˵֮أŽ磬ҲĹŶ硣
üʼվô²ףֵչŶ磬𾡽䣬һߣȴŵħӰʦȥѰҶŽ磬ֹһ԰ɣ
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üֿͣͣŵЩţδؼȫȻ棬ҲδȫȻǼ٣ʦȥһ̽ҪСĽ
üºӣ飬ʦ֣ҲȰ˵ˣһΣֻСһЩ
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һüֵŶ½ǱߣҲʮֲƽ˵ǡ½֮ҡˣһζ½֮ңǧǰҲʦϸɣħʱʦȥ˶½ҪСģħڣЩħ˳ǿ½֮˱ɱȡ֮˵ԪӤħֶʮ̣֮ʦ֣֮ܲʱҪͻ
ͷʦģԻзִ硣
š
ü΢΢ףʵʦô㡭ʱ
֮󡣡
ôô

֮Ѿ׼һУǰձ˵ʱС
Сӣ첻úΣʲô˴СİСӸˣҹȥ
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Сӣ˵˶ٻأʲôɣȥ飡
ءǶҵģ˵Сʱ򣬾⺣߿ɣ
ǸңҹȥɣɣޣҪɣˣзܿࣿ
ء˵ʮǰں߿ɡ

ʱڶۣ֮վʯԱߣǰһУ·𶼻ʮǰʱġһɲǣȻӦһɲͬѰǴӺ׶


1628 ½֮
ٶǰһΣʱĶƽ˾ҲС͹ųǣģǼīųǣ԰ǰ𣬶ʱˣû˲ٱС͹ųǣīҲһХ֮С
ƵƵĿˣղܵһ˿йأʱԥһһϷȥˡ
뵱꣬ɴֻУҹ﷦ˣ㽫ֻǬŵϣ봬Ϣ˹˰꣬ŵﶫ½
ΪԶڵ֮ϣҪԽããʲô£ҲԶԶò˰֮
պҹƽĺ棬Ȼˣһһأ͵
͵ľˣҹҲ˵ʮ־գЩ˾ˣЩͼԽѰ֮˵جΣԲ񣬱˾뺣ףΪٸߣҲ޷Уճʬ󺣣㸹
ΪЩˣԶԶΪвڰºѾӽ½ˡ
⸽ȷʵЩ쳣ΪֵǣȻ½֮ңضв֮ӳںһҲûп
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½ʱﻹ䣬ȴǻһƬʱֻȻһϢֻ̽ȡ˳ֻⲻ˸ãֹͣ

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ֻ洫ȥһԪʶѰ֮ˣֻﴫȥԪʶ
ʱֻУǺڰʦһһ飬صĶߡ
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ˣúϢɡ
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һ̣·ڲôˣָоСʱˣÿʦ˯š

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켶棬ԴҲģطȴǶϾԫأвѾյħ֮֡
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Щ࣬ЩȥĵۣԼһЩɣԭʢɣһΣˣʬ˴ǧǰһζ½֮ңҲڸӿ°ɡ
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ٺ٣ϵɾֻʣ߸ˣԹԽǵԪӤܱһٺٺ١
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ӴﻹһС˰ջС
ת˲֮䣬ЩѾ߽ˣһʼûκα顣
ӡӡ
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µһ˲䣬ʮӰѾȻɾʱһâϷɳ顱һʱʮˣѪ˳ȥ
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а¶˾ɫǰŮӣĪǾһѾ̤ھž֮ˣ
һǸ̤ʥҲֻǳʥѣԲЩħˣû뵽ǰŮӸ֣ɱЩħˣֻǸղһ£ûɱ֡
ʲôˣҲħ֮£
ʱϺȻһŭ֮űһӰϢ֮ǿƺɽӣˣѾ̤ʥߣһɲǣҲ޷ˣ·ԷֻһϢܽ飬Ȼߣһžž۷ʵħ֣


1629 һָ
ʥϡ
ǰʮħڣħ֮ˣδʱһֻϣһӰٿȻǿϢɽһ
һɫƽۣϵһ¸ǲһħԪֻԶԶһۣη
ħĴʥ֮һš𡱣Ϊ̤ھŽħʥ֮ʱĵǰʮ˸ǲΪ׵аӣŵûҲ׷ɱɽ⼸ˣôͰʥȽдˣ
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Ϣŭҵȣҵȷ׷ɽǼˣȴȴ
аӻֹ˵Ҳ˵ߣһһȥ漴ת֪£γƺ
ȻоóǰŮӣϢһ֮ˣԷΪ֮ܲ£ղ󣬲ûмŶ֣ǲ죬Ҳˣû뵽һײһĻ
˿ɲ䵭ֹˮ˿δǰһž֮ˣκα仯
ɡӡ
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ϣ𣬱ϻˣáûȥ˵˵Ǵһء
ʱʮ棬иµվɫɷףΡΡ˵
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οǰϣħĴʥ֮һΪѾﵽž۷壬ǴǰǼλľžǿߣ֮ƥС
ۼϮҲ޷ӿһ˲䣬׹˾Ԩһ˿ϣҲˡ
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飡
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һ˽ŵħڣЩħͷڵɱ׷ɱˣҪǹȥĻֻ¶вǹħڣ˼ǧ꣬ýħΪߣҲֻ֮һ
һֵ˹һЩĴħҪǶ˶ʮ߷壬һϹŽ󷨣ֻҲΪħء
⼸˵Ѿ֪ⶫ½ˣһʮ壬Ѿݣʮ壬ʮ壬ʱҲѲڣֻʣ¶˶ʮ߷д棬ȥˣĿ취Խⶫ½ҵŽ硣
ӡȥɣۼǰ߶˶Сʵ
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߼˽һȻλΪˣǰħأϹЩħֻȥһˣҲ׶༪ٰ

ĺɫʱѲ֪δ⸽ʼħ֮յʤأѲڡ
ʦʲôô
ʱִֻ΢ʶὫַؿϣʶû£ϢɣҪٺķˡ
֮ǰ⿹٣ֻڲ⻯ڵϢ΢һľȻֻ˯ȥ
ֻ˯ȥǶǧŻˣ֮ʱֻǧʮǿ
ʱԻγʱֻΪĳãôǸ磬ҲѾˣҲΪеˣ֪Ĺȥǲ׺ɣ


1630 
ĺɫĺϣħ֮ҲԽԽˣȥһƵıּ䡣
Ƕ½֮ô
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⸽أһЩʮħƣΪ׼ˣʱϣȻûʲô仯ǳϣ˸ڻ¡
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Ȼ֮䣬ɽҡֹֻϻһɿֲħϢʱãã֮䡣
һ̣ħ̵˽̲סħ֮ˣɱϾ˼ߣȴħڣħħɷ۶ɣħл꣬𽥲ʶħ
ʱħɫҲò԰ףһϣĵڴһЦ֮۶֮ˣõúܣõúܣħˣ⣬
Ц֮ҰⷽԲССħҲŻ
֮⸽ģµĹͯЩͯǹֵµħͯר׽ŮӣƽձԱԪŮӵѪΪʳʮײб塣
Щ֣ͯħ̵˶ŵɫɷףȥ࿴һۡ
СǣҴ
ֲЩͯʱΧһЩѾ̰ͷֻҪԪ֮ô壬ǵĸˡ
ɾһ˲䣬һ͡һһ˲㽫ΧЩͯûҷ
ԶЩͯһĻ¶򾪻ŭı飬ָһһ̹ɳħ£͡ʱЩͯնˡ
һĻħ̵˸ŵûɢȻʱ˹ŭ֮ôĵӣ
£ĵҲħƲԣ̴˳ȥĵҪپһУ֮䣬㽫Ӱûˡ
˺һǻɢȥΧһУԱΪ˻ҽΨӰȻվ£һ۶а֡
һĻħҲһΪ̤εȾ磬ĵ𣬶޷ֺ


1631 
㾿Ǻˡ
֮ϣ˹ֲֻƷӿĻƣ۳һǧɸߵĻħӰǻħģ£ǹûΡ
һĻԶħЩ˶ŵòҶħ亹乣ʶȥ
ֻվһʯϣԹֲƣ˿Ƭ̣Ŵе֣⸽Ľơ
ȻⷽԲʮԲħϷΪҪǿгƷҲʲô£ֻһᵢʱ䡣

֮ϣŭӿһЦ֮ͶȥµĿ⣺û˸˸˵ǵһ
һ±ΪţϣʼշƵԴʱϢѹȣ治ɫԴʣɢͰ˵ȥ

ŭһȣһֲЯ֮ƣ͵سԶħЩ˼״ŵһˣɲɽָһʱһâɳ䡱һһħԪ֮һøɽһ
˵Ǻ
а˼⣬Դħڣ󣬻δ֮ˣŮӵΪ϶֮ϣʲôͷ
ԶħЩ˶ס˺ĿţѵĶ֣ܰɣѵǴӾˡ
Ϊϧûܴӱֵߡ޾ħ򣡡
ͻȻһȣⷽԲԻһƬ·޼

ŭӰ˲䳯ǿȵϢ·Ҫһ
ԶħͻȻңһһʮֲõĸоֱʱȻ֣ڣûܿǰŮӵʵ
ħ죡
αĪ⣬һָȥ顱һħɲǼɢΡ

ˡˣ
˼ʮغ˲ŮӷֺǶԷʽԲħԪˡ
ԶħЩ˶ѾסˣȻòŮӡ
ô
壬ٺЦɱ㣬Ҳɱңٶȥк棿˰ˣ⸽ĽƣҪȥģ㣬ٺ٣ֱûѣǰ߻мӸݵģͷɱˡ
Զħ̵˶ŵһҲòЭ֣ú󶨻쳹½

֮󣬶ˡ
Ĵˣֻʣ¶ˣ˵ˣһЩûܹӳһЩӵ˶ˡ
˱Ĵʵǿģ֮ף֮Уλ̫ϳ򣬵ʹˣĿǰΣҲֹۡ
֮ǰѾյϢħڣмħͷۼ˽ħ֮ˣħ֮ʲô̼䣬ˮһ㣬ƶʮ߷ķ󷨡
¶壬һϹŽ󷨣ħ޵Ĺ£Ҳ֧Ųסãһʮ߷ݣô˽Ӷ½ʧԶΪʷ
Ӵ½ħ֮˵£֮ˣֻܶڰյĵ£͵
ડડડ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲֻȥüɫһ˵̱ᡣ

ұ֮̾Ǽλ棬ϵǧ󣬱ؽһ½֮ңȻȥ˾⣬һȥǧ꣬ǧ궼ѶµλһˣҲΣѣ
ĴˣȥȻˣѾ᧿Σˣʵڶǰ½ʱ˱취ֹ½֮ҵĵжҪ׷ħڣ
һΣ˲ʧˣʧ⣬ӿ˶½֮ҵĵෲ͵ؼ꣬ʱ㿴ʧĺ
˿̣һϣҶڴվһɫƽ۵ߣ߰׷ѩ˫ָЩƣʱһŴҶƮ㣬üϣҲһڵɫ
˲ǱˣǶ˵䣬һΪߣܱȣʱϵĵ֮ɫȥڵļħޣڵһҲ޷ֹ顣
ડડડ
ʱ⴫˽Ųµ˽Ǹղ϶Իϡ
Σ
ת˽ѯʣʱ鰧ˣҲµˡ
һһ˲ſڵϱɽ嶼ˣ塢塢ķ壬λԼˡ
ѡԣһ̾ʵ֪ħڣΪ
⡭
϶һۣعͷһ˿־֮ɫͬʱ˵һΣ²ħڣΪ
ħڣˣ
üһһ±øˣ뵽ʲôһʵǺˣ
һϿڵһŮӣǳֶҲֵģˡλֿȴȥԪ񣬶ǱһƻԪӤûκλ֮


1632 
ǱһƻԪӤûκλ֮
Ŵԣһ𣬹Ȼôʵп壬ŮòΣ
⡭
϶һۣһŻعͷһ˵ʱڳˣɱˣӻĵ˵һɫѣʮָȾѪ˫۸Ѫޱȡ
֪ˡ
һƽ߻شߣŴ⻺ƮҶһ̣üĵ֮ɫͻһ㣬ô飬ڻˣǵǧұţΨһǸŮˡ
ô죿ҪȻλ̫ϳϳɡ
ɫɷףҲ΢΢ţڳħڣЩֲħͷֶһĿŮӣһʣµĶʮķ屻ͻƣ޷롣
ŴҶ֪ʱ룬һż΢΢תͷʵ˵գ߷Ů˶
ԣһ£漴ʲôһ˵ǣǰ˵и˶һ·Աħڣħͷˣǹƥûκ˴ùҲûʲôˣ롭ˡ

ֿ̾ҶƮ㣬ˣͥԺһòµ񣬻˭Ԯأһǿʵ֪ˣʲô֣
񣬺˵
ȻԪ붫½̫ңԶټӺ˫⼸ǧҲλϣû˵֣Ҳ
Ȼֺȴ͵һѸתǰˣһ˲䣬֣ޱȣʵȷǽ֣˿ʹǷһòΣ
⡭
ϱ˴˶һۣ֪Ϊ鼤Ҳֻ˵ѣ֪Щһ˵ȷǽòΣʹû⡭Ͳ֪ˡ
ԣתȥҲԽԽˣ֣ˣȴֻһԪ壬ϡ
ʱ½¶ɻ֮ɫδ𣬵ȴӵš
ôˣ
ʱ֮ɫԱλҲЩ⣬Ϊֺ󣬾ͱɫ˵ʲôˡ
ûʲô
ع˵°ɣڴЩ顣
áԣϱ˴˿˿㲻ڴţȥˡ
û˶󣬳ŻתȥŴҶ֮У͸һ㺮âǧңû뵽㾹

ڶգħڣĶ˵ԽԽħ֮Ҳʮķ˹ʱˣһΧǣ˷ǵˣԮ
ʮķķѾ߾ܣڸ˷󷨣ϱһ׹ơ
ȵʱ߷򣬺Ȼһ𵴣峤Ͼһǡ
ͻ𵴣˽һ˷׷ɽȥ֮ǰ沼󷨣ʱ𵴵Խͣ˵ߵΪԽߡ
⡭
ʱɽҡֹߵļλɫǿҵ𵴣źεΪ
һڳϵɫҰֽ֪ħڣ˻ڽչֻû뵽˿죬ߵΪ˸ߣһΣֵܹ
Ѿ
ľѣŴͨ˶ԣ˲ϢȻֻһ䣬㿴Զһ̹
ǡ
ڳʮλϾһϢ˴ȥҲħڣħͷּƮƮһ֧绪ٳѵǡ
΢΢һʱǰдţ˵Ůһ·˶ѵģǰˣһˣħڣطһ˶ˣǺεȱ£
֪ǰλѣͣ£
λǰ֮˴ӺζҲ˭Ƕҵģʱǵ̹ӰȻˡ
ʱ塰塱ϣȻһ£ö񡣡
˾һֻǱ߷һٿȻڰУһɫƽ۵ߣǶ䡣
УХϢԶ˱ȭӣδ֪Զ֮֡
⡭
ۼǰλŮ˿˾һ⵽ʲôˣö룬ֻܹһ˵ģǷ֮
ǰ俴˿壬˵Ƕ䡣
ЦЦ£ӣ롣˵꣬һ֡
Լλϣӵˣʱסˣôδĸ˿ﳤñչزλ̫ϳϣ˹
ҲԣʱȥˣЦݣңһ·ϣһϵĴԻ
Ĵ壬Ĵ壬Ƕ塢׻塢Ϸȸ塢壬壬ķ֮ס
˲һڳ϶ŲǴʱǰλӿͿԼҲܵõԷǹϢ˼ߵġ
Ҳ䣬⣬ȴһһλʧӾҪȥѰǴ˵еĶŽ磿
Ҳ˺һŻԭԷҪȥǴ˵еĵطһϹ󷨣󣬿ɽ˴һΪϹ֮ءĵط˵֮УϹ֮أҵǴ˵Уʮ֮һģŽ硣
ҲвȥϹ֮أͬΪѰǾʮ֮һĶŽ磬ȥˣҪôķʮ޹ҪôѾ棬Ϲ֮أʲôѰ֮أգ˿ħڣЩ֮ز
кΪҪһ㣬ҪϹŴĻɶʮ߷Ŀǰοʮ߷ħڣˣ
˫üóζҪȥϹ֮أУʱȻҲżƽϣ˵°ɣƬ̡
ڳԣ˴˿˿Ҳ˵ʲô׷ȥˣһ·ϻСۣϹ֮أһԴ˵Ӷ࣬ǾʮĶŽ磬ҲֻͬǴ˵ѡ
Ƭ̺󣬴û˶һŴȥЦӸղԣڳĳȷʵЩѰˣϾҲˣ¡
˵꣬ͶȥĿ⣬ƵĿ⣬ʱס˺ټ˵ȥ
˵㱾˵ɡ
ӣ㡭
Ŵԣȫһ¶ɫ漴ҡͷЦȻӷۣĳ꣬ǧ˿ȴһ۾Ͷˡ


1633 ľ
ϣɾֹˮҲûټ˵ЦЦãͷӣڴԵƬˡ
һ˵ţһȥˣԼһʱ䣬ż⣬߽һɫ۵ˡ
顱һ¶߽֮Ŵˣ͸ȻɼĴ΢
ʱ棬˶סˣ˵Ƕסˣλϣе㵣ղŽȥλѵ棬λ̫ϳ֮һġľϣ
Ǻǣӣõˡ
ľǰ˶ñ뷢ף֮ǰ䡱ǵ̬ģͬ˭뵽ⶫʵȴλ̫ϳ֮һľϵķ
ɫ䣬˵Ƕ¼ҵĺˣ
ӡ
ľһԣֲһ㶣˿˵ĶȻָⶫ̫ʱڣǹŶĶڳ֮ˣǧǧ򣬴˿̶Է˵ĳ¼ңָ̫֮һĳ¼ҡ
Ƭ̣ľŻЦ벻ĳݣҲ֪һ
̾Ȼ¼ҵݣԼԸ𣬵꣬Ǳ¼ҵİ֮һˣҲ֪
Ҳٶʣص֮£˵ľϣβܴȥϹ֮صĴ󣿡
ҪԼŵͼȥѰϹ֮أҲȫܣֻ½֮ң䣬ҪԼ֪û೤ʱ䣬ҲħڣĻһܹš
⡭
ľ룬Щԥò̧ͷҲ¶½ΣħڣЩħͷϮڼʮ߷ģǡ
ħ֮ˣȥص
ľһ£漴ͷֻҪħ˾ˣʱλϣ¼Ϲ󣬾ⶫ½ħ֮ʱ½ǧʿ޾ħڣЩħˡ
˴ͣͣ̾˵˱ħڣƣʱҲûκϣˣǧ½밵֮С
ʮ֮ڣһħˣ˻ħڣ
ʮաľһ̧ͷĿоɫ¶ȻⳬԤڣ˵Ӵ˻棿
û˵˿̵ȴڸ߹ľ˵ĻؽΪʵ
ãá
ľڶʱֻеȫһɣ·ѹµһʯڷȥˡ
һȴּٴ̧ͷЩֹջǿڵ⻹м£ҲӰæ
£ϵ˵޷
ԣľ˶˵⼸̫Ű˻ĵӿϮһ̫ʮ˵ã֮УܹסʱұλҪ󷨣ҲԳӡ
˴̧ͷһؿ仯Ȼʼգ϶ûб仯˵һᱣ֤˵ȫҲľϡҪʳԡ

Ŵԣľæҡ˵ĳӦ֮£ʳԣһ㣬ӷһġ
˱á
ٶԣľϱ֮ɫȥҲһֻ˵ȻУȷʵǲ˳ĳһ˽ģΪȫ½֣ĳòˣδĳԸЩħͷս棬Ҳ˺һšǹԣ²Ϊأ֮ɡ

ʱľɷ䰲һĵͥԺЪϢ
ԺѾߣɽʯ׾ˮݵ˻ְ꣬˸֣ӣ롣
̤ڣ㲻Žȥˣֻκ飬ֻԸǡ
¥ȡֻ񣬶ʱִֻһʶʦղšǲǴӦʲôˡ
Ļֻ磬ֻǿӦһʱʲôҲӦһƬڣҲκ
ûʲôֻǶ½֮ңħڣħ֮ˣΪʦҪȥһ¡
ʦһκΣǲǡ
ֻȻʲôҲȴоõһε飬ضʮΣգʦΪԼ
⼸úЪϢΪʦԷʱӡֻˡ
ʦҪ
ֻﴫʶȻȴٻشˣһᣬָһĨ׷ֻ
ӡֻҲ޷Ӧκˣͬʱã淢κ£رĻǣܵκһ˺
һ˵棬ֻ֣֮Ҳûֱֻܹǧֻ֮ķӡĻǣŻѹ

֮½ȻǶħ޴ħڣֻ಻٣Ǻεȳ棿
½֮ʿȻѪ֮ˣɸȴǣһǼħͷħ޳ˡ
һĻȴ˵꣬ǧħԪ򣬶̶գԪѪɺӣħǹԪɽû˭ԸħЩˡ
⼸ˣʮɽΪ֣ʱ֮ħ
ϡ
˷ħ죬ӶһĻŵˣΨиϣԱ򶨲ңؽţѾȥˣħڣЩħˣ±֮ڣҪˣ
ȥ죬ħȻٿˣҲûɢͳҲɵýҲӻѵҲԸǼħͷ
н֮ɫţ˵Ļû⣬ʮ֮ڣؽǼħͷ˻ħڣ
¡¡
ʱϷȸǱߣͻȻһ𵴣ʱһ⡭

ֻȸǱ߷򣬺ȻӰ˹Ҵҵˣȸ塭ȸ塭
¡
˰ѻ˵꣬ϱһ𵴴ǿЩǶ˴Ӱ
һ̣ڳ˽ԱɫֻȸǱߣһľ

в˱ѪӿֹһЩ΢ĩĵӣ۶ڱѪԱߵĳϣæ˹ס

೤϶ɫ֮ǿһͷĿѣֹԪ۲ˣѹһҲܲסֱӱԪӤǺεȿµ
ľһ̲ұɱһˣ̲ұɱˣֱ֮ˣɱΪֹ


1634 
ľһ̲ұɱһˣ̲ұɱˣֱ֮ˣɱΪֹ
ǱŮص壬ŵ޴룬ЯǳܲסԷĹ˵ֵס
ô죿
мλ˳ǰޱȽţʱϱȸǱִһ𵴣ֻӰ˹
⼸˲ֻǱӣϱ߼ɽķԭΪҲͣŮӣǱٶ༸깦Ҳмܲס
˲ؽţ
ɫ򶨣֮ǰɽҲͰˣʣµĶʮķ壬зӡػΪױ㱻ȥˣѾȸˣ⵽ô¡
ȥˣغø󷨣
һʱҲûа취ˣȥδȥһöԷͻȸ壬ǲ롣
ܿ죬Ѿȸϣɽ壬ƣɽϲƣٶħڣĴħͷҲδ˵ƾܹơ
ʱȸ⣬ֻǰУһµŮĿ䣬ֻһۣη
ˡˣղš
ȸϣмλɫҰףŮӣŵ˵ˣһߣȸˣ⼸λ˹
Уø죬Ƶȸ壬ʱȥҲôʱǺƮƮĿŮӣǱˣӡ
֮ʱ˲δ˵ţ߰ǰĸֺճֱǷƾ䣬飬ң統֮һη塣
ĳ˵ĸ֣Ӱ췶Χ㣬֮ţֻԪ߳ƣӵ澳ţ۵ģ·һĴڣɽ磬֪ĸˡ
飬飬飬ϴû˼γΪĽ쵽н֮δ壬Ѿˡ
׳ΪĽԿһ˵֣ÿγһȥ
䣬ڳô
죬ӵ񣬺ģ͵꣬û̫仯ı仯Ǳú䳹ǣü֮ϣҲһɫӡ
俴ǰŮӣɫɲ䣬ĿҲͬ䣬ϾǶͬʱıλ̫ϳ֮һʲôû
ձ˪ȸϣ˶Ϣһֱһſڵƿ˵ķӡģ
Ȼǰӣǰ˵Ϊ£֪˵һЩӡƣɾ֪Ҳƿħڣˣ
ҲźˣҲƿ˸ķӡơ
ʱһжʱһöʮɫʯ˽һǡ
ɽ֮ʯ
ʶ㣬һ׹ˣΪķӡƣױ㱻Էȥˣû뵽Ϊ˱𣬾ȥɽ磬ѰٵϹɽ֮ʯ
ȥɽ磬һΪѰһЩƪżΪѰɽ֮ʯ
ɽ֮ʯ̺Ϲɽܹ֮ƿ˼һЩӡƣ˵˽⣬ɽ֮ʯҪƿһЩӡƣȻֵ
β鵽ڣҲҪǴڹ˵ˣʱڵӣ֮԰ڣΪ˴ﻻȡ鱨ڹľͳݣǴ֪ġ
˿ֻ̣һӣɽ֮ʯٿһ·˳ȥ̲ŵϹɽ֮ӿɢȸķӡǿײһ𣬡䡱һʱɽֹ
˾ɫһ䣬ȥֻȸķӡҲ֧Ųסãһȸ屻ƣǰܹ֮أħڣЩħ֮ˣʱ
أӻδܻΣֹȸ屻ƣ˼⼰ˣԥݡһ˲仯һâȥ
ȻʱһǰӵĶ֣Ҳûа취ˣһ̣һ̡

ʱһ˷ɳȥԸӣļλʮλϾһʱҲ˲ô࣬𷨱ɽȥ
ߡ
һߣһһɺɳ顱һʱм˱Ѫ˳ȥзҲܲס
䣡
ɽǿסһ£Ҳȫһ˫ƸǱѿˣֵѪƤ⣬ȥĿġ
䣬ͷǧңٿ˵ԩꡭ
ӺȻϵѪʢ̫һɲתƾ䣬ֲϢ·һ׹޵ԨϢ
Сģ
λͳͬʱȥȻԷ̫Ϣ̫ͣǻδܿоҲ챻һ㣡
䣡
һѪλͳϽԱѪ󵹷˻ȥû˿ֿ֮Ҳ֧ŲסۡһѪӿͬ˳ȥɽѿ˼Ѻۡ

ȸϣ˱ɫжѣȻô೤ϣӵĶ֡


1635 
ȡȿȣ
ؿڣȳѪϣŰЩţ꣬Ѿ˼Ҫõġ̫˲꣬˵ã꣬ǧֵ꣬Ρ
ɷɷɷ
ת˲䣬Ϯ˾еһϣҲǵӰѹǰ

鼱֮£ǿмɽֵȻȴ顱һɽڶԷ֮£Ȼѣҷ˳ȥ
ɽ٣ˣʱɫɷףһѪӿҲûκη֮
¼ˡɣ
һɲǣһָ̧ʺѪ͵سͷȥһƣƱؽͷ­飬ԪӲȸϣ˽ŵûɢ
ɱͣ䱻̫֣޷룬Ȼ֣
ɾǧһ˲䣬һ̹ٿȻһ½󣬡顱һסһƣʱþƷӿ
ȻˣʱعҲһӡ
ȸϣ˱Ͼһ亹ʱعӻˣʶ̧ͷԶȥֻʵĲƣȻɢȥˣвһѵħ֮ˣѾˣ
û°ɣعͷ˵ĳһۣʵ
ûû¡
عȻʱѾˣȴ·һʯһֻеȫޱȡ
عͷȥŸղű˵ӣ߰ɡ˿ʶӣȴ֪˭
ǺǡֻһЦȻЩǱ˴̻ġ
˴ȻĿһٴҲࣺұȡ˭Ҳֹ
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ӡ
ȸϣ˶еһѾ̤εȾˣȴҲӲסһаʽ
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Ŵԣȸϲ˾һ㶣ʲô˼ʲôһʲôˣ
ȻҲɹž޲ΪκһŵҲɱ˲ˣеЩˣǱûмˣǵļˣָҺ˱ȥ
Ҳܣ֮գ
Ȼ䣬߻ħһ㣬ӱ˫Ѫ죬£һѪ⣬ԲʮɱһɿֲϢɲǼããأ
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سȫɫҲûϵ˿£ϧӵΪõģֻаƪѣƪ޷ǿֻ߻ħ
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ֻ裬Ѫڣ̫֪ǺҲйأ˹֮ˣնݺ
ΪδȫնÿÿǻᷴҲ޷ӳ

һХȻ˹ȻĿ磬ôʱȸϵˣҲеһȥ
һΣǲһк³صķɣҲ̫ת˼£ȻǾžΪ֮ˣһҲǷˣ
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һһʵһ㣬ʱҲͻǿձضˣصĻѣѪɢ

ֻ˫۲Ѫ˿һɲǣת֮ƣһ̫תΣ˭Ҳϡ
ʱ̫ǿˣȸЩˣ˫ҲûãֻǿԪԻס
һǧˣһǿһأǿеֿ֮ˣǹԶ֮ϣؽ

գҲܲסˣۡһѪӿɫɷףҲԵֿˣһ󵹷˳ȥ
ɳȥ֮ʱһӰٿȻ԰нסˣ飡
˽סӣԣԪһʱƽҵͬʱס
ʦʦ֡
ˣȴһ뷢׵µˣһüһɳΪϵɵΪף֮¡
ȸϣ˶ס˺ȻҲܵõϵλ̫ϳ֮ϣֻδʲôˣ
ȡȿȡ
ɫɷףˣֻΣȻղŴ̫ˡ
µ˷һɨԱǶ̫飬ϼѨʹɫ΢һЩ
ʦʦ塭
ʱԶһӰ˹һ£ȥҲмֱ£ȴǵɽ֮Ÿһֹͬķᣬӵͽܡ
ǰµˣȻĵ棬ˣĵӣ̫ϵ档
ӵΪɲ⣬Ҳǵ֮һֻ߶˶֪Ҳ٣û뵽һΣȻҲⶫ½
˿ֻ̣ӽ˷漴תԶƶӣ֪λγƺ


1636 
ӡ
ŶԷԱţȸϣ˽΢΢һĺ˻ģǻ֪࣬λϺͷ֪ܲӡѵλ˵е棿
ǰӣǴ˵λɣ˵棬ѷ磬˼䣿
ţ
Դʱһε壬ɲΪֳգһ±ýֻĿ⣬˵ŵ˫
ŴһոǱüӲ仰˼Ҫڴ˽ˣȻּ濴˿ᣬʦ壬ȥߡ
ʦ
һ£ҲԥӣԶһɽȥˣ뿪ʱĿڶԷͣһ£ܿתͷҶ࿴һۡ
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ȻܹõҪ飬ǿ֮սһգδ赲´˵ĻôˣҲΣӡ
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Զȥǿ߼ս˲ϢɽλΪԵ֮ˣ򲻸ǰ΢һ£Ƿˡ
ݣ
˽֮ʱֻȻУΪռȻ˹һɨ⣬ʱתȫǿϢһҲȻʧɫ
ɱ治ɫȴ֪սգǲҴУֻӹƽʱָһ֮˲ǰϸеâ𣬡顱һһԣʱΧɽҡڳ֮ˣüԶҲΪ֮һ𵴲ѡ
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콣˲һɲǣɲʩչ֮ϣʱӰأһԴӰ֮䴩˹ȥ
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һ˲䣬ӻعзɨķɲǼһ᲻ɴݵıݣ䡱һӿɢǵֵסһӡ
ӣ¡Ȼ鴫΢˺·ղŵһУֻ̽ѡ
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ۼԷɫģһУ飬ʱһХ˲ɻʮر｣ֱ䣬ʧɫ

佣жԼУ޲ľȻģ˹ƽԽԽǿϵ£Ȼ޷壬󣬷·ֻһһâսһ
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ʦ
ʱ˹ʱţû뵽һ˼ߣʦôУȻУʲô¶ûзһ
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ʦ֡
ʱҲ˹ȥɫ΢һЩʱҲƸһԹ
ֻһ̧˿ڣĿ⣬ϣòŵӵĵȻ鴫ƶˡ
ʦ֡
ȸϵĳ俴һۣ۵ķ߷߲֮ɫȴٶԣֻ˵һ䡰߰ɡ㽫һʱһʱȥˡ
Ϊ֮ȻռȻδʤ㲻ڴ˺ʮ֮ڣ
Զȥȸϣ˲˿ʱҲص˷ϣǹĵʵΣû°ɣ
ûжԣֻ飬ԼҲеյĳŵˡ
Ȼĳ˵֮ʳԡæصղӺӶսʵһ亹
ҲȻ֪ˣĿҪ˴򿪴ȥϹ֮ء
쿴
ʱеָԶʣ˳һ̣Ͼϲɫ¶ֻԶʣѾɢȥ߲£֮УⲻĪǾǡ
棬ʮ磬ʱڣħڣ롣
ԣϲ⣬æתϵлӡлӣ
ʵû뵽ԷԼ£ֶһû뵽λȥӣԭҲô䣬ʮ磬֪ܾȶ˵أ


1637 ֮
ҹ繳ǳ졣
͸һ󴵽ָһֽ⿪ֻϵķӡĻǣ˯ȥֻķӡ̫ܳá
˿ֻ̣ϵķӡ⿪ʶҲ˹ʦ
Ѿûˣմ˱չسΪʦ㣬ȥϹ֮أѰŽ硣
ʦ
ΪֻķӡոսʶȻЩģʱȴܹܵõʦ˵ᱲ֮ˣ²ΪףʱȴֻΪһˡ
Ȼ䣬СʱʱΪӣϲʦҲǱģΪʦҲϲҲûϲɴ͸ӷˣҲ´
ֱһΣҲһΣһ̨ܵǴüⵣ£һֱĸĺ档
ҲרģʦҶ飬Ҳ棬ʦһϲҰɡ
Ҫ˵ʦϲıˡ
ʱ㲻˶ˣǼλ̫ʦϲɻüʦʦ
һΣŻ䣬վ̨ϣǱҲ䣬Ϊһ̣Ժֻһ仰ʦϲģԼˡ
ǸʱЩܿһСС꣬յ˫֣еľǿֻΪһˡ
䣬Ψһһˡ

ڶգľ˴ˣϹѾȶǶöʮ߷ȥϹ֮صĴˡ
棬ľ˶Դʮֿλ̫ϳϣֱǡ͡¡
˵ΪҲ֮ͣϣɶȴʮֳ羴ܹüλӣһʱЩ֪˵ʲô
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ǿãջ̲סѯʣ֪ӣѾƵһˣ
Ȼ˵Ϊ޷Ϊȴ̲ס棬Ҫ֪ԷѾ̤εȾˣԷ磬ʵһּɻ䣬ֻеǲŻ˼ɣ˴֪֮Ϊ硣
˿̣漴ӦЦǸͻˡ
ּ̾˵ʵ꣬λ棬ʱĶ½֮ңҲλѹǲúλȴȥ˾⡭Ѷ
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ǹھ⣬һطƵĵطȴ˶ȥ֮ǰ£ۣЩǿߣǶȥ⡣
һΣλ棬ﳤҹһζԷȥʱ˼ǵپҲ㱾£պȥ⣬ǲ㱾¡Ϊôˣȥ⣿ѵֻΪطô
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ʱֻʶģģҲ˶˵֡
֣֮ʿΪԣԽԣҲԽ׳٣Խǳ٣Խɲɷħ
⡰ľȻûжͻ¶ԣʱֻ˵֮ĸֱǡšɲĸ磬޸޵ͣɾ˭ʤһԹ˵
ͣƬ̣ľֵ˼壬̤֮뾳磬ΪأΪƣȥ磬
ž̤֮뾳磬񷣬գ֮춯ء
𾳣Ψħ֮ˣħȼپ磬ɵأʮ磬ΨҶ𡣡
ɲ֮֮࣬һָʮɲǣһɲǾŰ𣬷ħһ֮䡣
ʱľһ֮ĸ˵˳ϣûб仯ֻȴ·˳˼֮Σԭǿ֮·ңңûоͷô
³ϵȻ˼طƣɴڣһЩ̤̫ʥ֮ˣ˼޵֣޼ɣⲻ֪ڷ֮ǿ£ĻᶼûС
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ʦ
˿ֻҲԼԼܵӿַֻϣŹʱӿһ⣬ֱ춥
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һɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫһ֮˲ʧˣָҲֹͣˣ·һжûзһ
һֱľҲأֱã˲ŷûг⣬һ̣ӦѾϹ֮ˡ

Ϲ֮أλڶ½ļ֮½ԭֻǹŶһƬطȥϹ֮أһеգҲΪ֪еһЩ֮أҲħڣĽȫ
ʦǵô
ŵ飬˵Ϲ֮֮Ҳɷϣʮǿ˶ֻԣԸظ֪
š
ǰһ޾ɽ壬˵ͷֵҪԽƬϹ֮أķѲʱ䣬ڼ㾡Ҫķѻ֮
ȻҪƬϹ֮أһ׵飬һ£ȻͷڣһȻҲϹ֮棬ߣħ֮ˣ֮ˡ
һ֮أգҲܻ֮أһЩ̾ڴˣҲ޹֣һ·ǰδ
ڼ䣬ÿÿһЩʮŨɹȣܿһЩڿеˮ¶Щˮ¶Ѱˮ¶Ϲ۶ɵ¶
ÿοЩ¶ɼţȳ֮Щ¶ʹָø졣
һգѾ֪˶ԶڴһĹʱȻ֮䣬ӦԶ֮أһʶܶԷһɲǱ㽫ʶջȥˣҲ飬ʮˡ
ʦôˡ
ֻҲƸӦʲôټʦصӣѵǿǰ


1638 
û¡
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ʱΧȻз紵ݶ֮ʱܣ˴ԼʮӰ
ЩϵΪϢ˵Ͳͣ˵߲ߣΪЩһҲ߲
û뵽طȻһˣ
ΧˣΧ£ǰλӣ϶ḡЦ⣬Ϲ֮ض꣬δ˲ʳ˼̻ľŮӣһһֿ۽ĸо
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ֻϹ֮ص֪ʱһУЩù˾ˣʦ˳ԲѷҪˡ
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Щ˻Ϊŵò˵ˣʱ׷Χϣʼ鲻䣬ղӦһʶǴǰǧĵط
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ôŵ˰ɡǺǡ
Ϊ׵ĺӣЦغ£ϵЩͲ¡
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ţ
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·
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̡ӣǺӲںӱߣܲʪЬ˵û
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ֻһ仰ʱʮ׹ԨòŻعһ·
ǡǡ
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ɪɪصĻҶƮվԭһʱҲܹܵһصĶϢԶȴǱʲô衣
һǱٴδӵǰĳʶӣ֡
ȻǰһʶǴ˷Ҳһ˲ˣ̽ʶ˻ȥ
ⷽԲľ㣬ȴΨһűڴˣű֮£Ǿˡ
һ۱ӿĳһ·ĳûв´ӦѰǶŽɣˣӲһ𡣡
䣬һɾӹűＤһ·صĻҶȫɨȥˣӵ𣺡ӣ롣
Ҳԣһǹ·Ϸȥ˹űֻ壬Щƣֻͬǣľ㣬ȥЩĿҶƮ˽Ҳ
ʱڵ֮ϣһµӣģȥҲֻʮ߰ˣһͷȴɢҲһȦȥ˵Ĳɣ֮С
ƣ֪ӣγƺ
ʱ߽ıӣϣվ
Ѱһ붼һֱ޵ĸоƵӣʱȴȻһ˵Ĳ֮С
ⷽԲǧ˶µţȴֻһˣ˵걤лһЩѾˣɶ֮ʱȫˡ


1639 

ϣǰƵӣȻҲѾµʲôԷ򵥡
ȻǺ֡
һ˵ţһĻҶҲ·ֻ⣬̾˿˵⼸ǧ֪жҪȥѰǴ˵֮еĶŽ磬ȴ޹ҿ̫̫ˣеĶеķˣеʧˡ
˴ƻعͷֵڣ˶ѾʼţŽ磬ֻǰµĴ˵ҲţһʱսŶķյľʮ硭ҲѾˣáʱ򡣡
˻
֪²򵥣Ϊ⸽ʱܵˣǰԼԼһصĶϢȴǡʲô赲ţͨ죬ҲԴ򿪡
Ǻǡ
ЦЦЦݿȥȴ˵ĲɣįֻתȥŴƮĻҶ˵ǰӵı£ȻȥŽ磬ֻϧòʱ򡣡
˴תͷ˽ѲţжŽĴڣȴʼš֪ΪΣ
Ȼðֻз绺Ҷ˵Ϊǰ±ǴӶŽ
һ̣ȻȷˣǰϣŲͬѰ˵ϢϢǶŽϢһԶŽߡ
ʱһڵԼƲе⣬ֻһֶ̣˼ֲɣįŵ⻺ƮĿҶʱҲһոʶİǰ¶£˵ꡭұ׷ɱԭΪˣȴû뵽Ѳһİ硣
˲ٶ꣬Щǧ֮õˣҲˣȴ˿Ѿ̤̫ʥ֮
ش˵֮ͬУҲǳȺܹ֮׷ɱˣ񣬶ҲѾ̤̫ʥ֮Ž磬ȻǱѰ
ƻعͷǰλʳ˼̻ıӣȻԷȥʼģʱȴ뽫ЩѾõ飬˵
꣬ұ˴ɵ׷ɱǰ˱ƵһأһգƴԱԪӤɱһˣ⼸ˡ
Ŵ⣬ȻѾȥٶ꣬ٻЩ飬ƽÿÿԻǻѣʱҲк
ֻһƽ飬˵һΣԭΪˣԱԪӤ٣ӻɢĽ֣Ҳڣһ˲䣬Ȼؾ䣬ҵʶǽһƬޱ޾գٴ֮ʱ
˵˴תҲҽ˵
Ρ
ƿЦЦ⣬˵Ϊ˿ֱĵ޻Ǵε֮ʱԼ꣬Խˣңһ֮˵ϣɵǣҲƣòżơ˵ĵĵǲЩ˵˿еĹ̸
ĬȻʱֻȴһʶ괩Խʦ˹֮ô
֪ΪΣÿÿЩΣ˵ĸоʱ·оԼǴһξ֮жһξʶˡ
ַؿڣ֮治Уȥδ֮㲻Ҫ롣
Ϊ桭ȴʱԼһѰһˣ˭ֻʶ𽥱ģ
ʱƼĬּ˵ʱҲţȷؾ֮£ԪѺ֮У磬һ֮˵ϣƣˮεܣɱڣһЩϣ˳Ҳûӹ׷ɱˣҵľмƣԺұˮɱΡ
ʱ˵ɲȴܹ뵽ʱˮĿ־壬Ҳ˵ˣΪ֮ߣֻ괩Խɻǿʵ
Ҹղ˵ô
Ϊβš
ǰˣãԷûбҪһЩŹ֮ƭûκ塣
ЦЦ濴ȥ˵ĳղԣòʱǰؾ֮ʱӱؿƾһΪǿдս磬ȥŽ磬񡭡
˵˴תؾֻһնѲ㣬ϧ⴦նѲ㣬Ѿˣ꣬ҲѲ´򿪡
⴦Ѳ㣬ںδ
Զ
濴˿ֻعͷ˵ž˴֮ңﱻ֪ȥļǧвͼ̽Ѱܣޱ޾óȻģն棬Ϲ֮صĽ֮Ǽ˸ȥ棬һЩΪ֮ˣҲֻԵ̽ѰС
֮ѾȷˣǰܵĶŽϢǴ洫ǰƣҲû˵ѡ
һֵ֮ǰ֣ⷽԲľ㡭ĳˮ棬˾󷨣⸽ȫ˹ɾˣҲֻ΢ĩԴնѲ㡣
ͣƬ̣ƽŵһ죬Զĳ֮ϣʱҲȥµǿԷ㡣
ԣգŷɥġ˿̶ڣıԵȴѾԸܵ洫ΣϢ
ȥֻԭ֮ϣɳʯԶȺɽҵϲݿݣɽµĺҲѸɺԣѳƬ
ΪϵĺϹս˵Ϲڴˣ٣Ҳ޴ӷֱ棬ϸĻҲѷ֣һЩӦϹʱµĺۼ
һѵɽϣ˴ɽ޾֪ΪδˣǰֻƷӿ͸һϢĳƸУлһʮֿµ˺֮
ʱѵɽȻǰһ͵֮ӿʶֵǰ棺Сġ˺󣡡
֪Ϊ֮ϣɴʱ֮ǱܵصڶԷǰ棬Ϊһ֮ѣ֪пֲ´ʱ⣬óȻͦ
ܿ죬֮Ѿӿָһʱһ⣬ƣɳʮ롣
ʱǰɽڲֻ֮Ѿӿˣƻع˿˵ӸղնѲ㣬źܳһξ룬Ѿѹȥˡ


1640 ˴
ǰǲϷӿƲ㣬ĬȻƵ֮ǰмγԹȥ棬ÿһΣ˻ңҲͼȥҪô㬶飬ҪôС
֮⣬ûбķȥǶѲˣǰʵ
С
ƻعͷһ𽥱Щˣ˵Ȼ֣ϹħսںüطһЩϹŴ󷨣̫ãЩʧȥܹ´Щ󷨣ұ֤ĻӦܹԽЩѺֱۣӵִնѲ㡣
˿ʵҲˣ˹һϹħ֮أûڣűƴ˿̿еЩϹŴˡ
ʵӵĶ֮Ҳͷ˴˴𣿡
˹˵ǰЩ꣬ʶһЩˣ㲻ѣҲȥѰŽ磬˲ңǶնѲ㣬ʼհŰɡ
Ǵд󷨣ŶִܹǴѲ㣿
Զ˿˼Ƭ̣Żعͷ˵£һ£ǰǣκ⡣
֮ɵ΢΢üǵУһЩʣҪٵЩʱ䣬˳ȥŽ磬ĶҲһʱƬ̾ҵܹ֮ŵôô
ʦ
ʱִֻ΢ʶؿڣ洫ȥһ¡
عͷƵʶǼмɰա
Ƶ֮ǰһҲûУӵĻӵټЩˮ۵ɰա
˵ʱʶǰ˿ղһɲǣӦһ΢ʶǰ٣ֻԪԽ΢꣬Ҳܲʱּģ顭Ѿµʲôˡ
һ˼ֿڵЩв˶ȥŽ磬ѰҶŽ磬ҪôΪҪôΪЩνϹžѧ֮ͼΪȴһ֮ǰһ·Ҽ·ɼ¶²µòӴȥŽ磬ӦΪ˾˰ɡ
˵ʱĿһֱؿڣղܵһ΢ʶʱԷعͷԾһֱЩʧ񣬱㽫ĿתƿˣѾȷʮа˾űˡ
ִǰ˵
ĳһʼ¶ˡ
ƿЦЦ˵ðգˣһҪ˰ɣӵġ𣿡
ԶƲ㷭ӿҡҡͷҵͽܡ
⡭
Ƶû뵽˻Ϊͽܣðգǰ·ʮʱɥһҲ
𣿡
ûУǸĳûб˼
æҡ֣֮̾УҲб¶Զ꣬Ҹĸ룬ȡʮ꣬常ҲǵʢһʱŵƷ硣ҵ常ҲҵĶʦ
ǰˣҲһŹµˣƻعͷ˵ӻǵ죬˵İ˴𣿼ȻȥŽ磬Ҿ˳Щ£ˡ
˵˴ͣһ£Žŵ˴ɣֱšššššǬԪšššڹȥһǧһֱźΪʢ常Ʒµţʢһʱ
˴ɣһϹؾΪͨʮУԲеֻһĲƪӵͨʮţδ˵Ļ
һʼҲţֱϣ常ͻȻҽеķ䣬ȡͨʮңҵʱȫȻ֪룬ּ常㲣׷֮£常ŸңһΣӲˡ
˵˴һ۾ɫǱЩʹ࣬ԾţȻ˵Ҳӽˣ˵
˺һƲ۾˵ҴͨʮһĻصԼסûиκˣҲҸκˣ죬ԽеҲ常֣һֻ常ס
˵˴Ȼָ֮УҲк֮ɫ¶ҲͻȻʮֵͳˣ˷£û¹⣬һƬΪ常˯ˣȥԷӦ
ҵһ˲䣬ôҲ˵ʱĻ桭常ڴϣѪ߻ħǱɱԪ񣬶ˣ˭˭常һΪţûκһ֣˭ɱ
˵˴ԽԽָһľʹ侲
侲ƣǺȻֲɣ࣬˫ҲûصҲ֪˭ɱ常ʱȻͨӣʱ֪
Ȼƴ˳˽˵Ҷ常˶ɱ常Ϊͨʮɱ常ʱͨʮȷʵ常ֽҵġ
˵˴Ʋҡͷ̾˵ϣͷ˫ϥ֮䣬ټ˵ȥ
һ̧ͷ˵ӳţ֮常İԼ߸ɵ׷ɱ֪Ŀģϵͨʮ
绺Ƶͷ˵ˣ˴λȥΪ˱𡣡
̧ͷԶƲ㷭ӿ˵ֻһҪǣҪţΪһˣұȥ
˵˴תͷЦһÿˣŶҪˣ޸ģȻ֪һҲκһ˿ϣ꣬꣬ҵȵıһ̡
ҪϹ¶֮Ȫֻ֮ġɳ
ԣƲһʵѵҪȵˡѾ˻ȥǺһԱԪӤ١
ҡҡͷˣǾͺðˣΪҪѣ鲢ˣǧ٣Ϊǧ٣ǰҪصö࣬ҵҲ޷֤ضܹɹ
֪ˡ
Ʋޱ֮ˣʱɫ䣬֪ˣԷ±˵ĸҪӵöࡣ
һӷ˵֮Ȫֻҵ֪һЩҲȫȷֻܻͷˡһʺ쳾취ܷﵽӡ㲻ҪᣬĳҪӳְæ˼˴λţˮֻĳԼ飬ˡ

֮˻ص棬ص֮ǰѹָһ±ʧˣֹȥգҵʶˡ
ƣһΣ㲻ڿЦɣҪЩ͹һ⣬ҿԪҪ档
ǴѲ㣬һĳϷλʧһεĻᣬôһΣ֮ˡ
ʱƺǰˣңһɫ۵İ׷ˣšӡϹ֮أнǧ꣬Ϊνɲ⡣
мһ˫üӣӣϹ֮أһִ̣˳
ұһ欵ĺŮӣȻȥ䲻󣬵Ϊȴǰ֮£˳Ƴϼӡ
Ĺֻ˵ˣһֱԵնѲ㣬Űɡ
ﵱȻķԴϹŴ󣬱Ͼ̫ˣ˵вǳ˲С
ο򿪴ֻǿͷȵǴնѲشǲŽѣ㹻ǿķѽ򿪡


1641 һʺ쳾
ʱ˵ӡӡϼӣ˽и룬һϼӲ̧ͷĿЩɫ˵ǰδλӡ
վԭأĬȻ˿ϼӵλӣǴϹ֮˴λһΪȥѰŽ硣
Ŷ
΢΢һʱҲ˵˵棬½֮ħڣ󿪣ӻܹһϹ֮أʵ
ʵ꣬Ϲ֮أԭ֮һҲΪǧĶ½֮ңһ½һУԶԶµģһ½֮ȫʱֻؾ䣬½пܲڡ
ƸϹ֮꣬Ķ½֮ңûӵҲ˵һЩ֪Ҳ֪ΪٸߣֻҪδѷ⣬Ƕ½֮ɵѡ
䣬ԭڵĶŽ磬ڴҲҲ֮֮ܵǺβȥ⣬һ֮̽ա
һһȥŽûᣬλĪǻҪԥϹ֮棬Զ½֮ңȻϹ֮ػƽ˭ܱ֤ʮ֮ħڣħʱϹ֮Ҳס
Ŵԣ˶ü⻰ΣҲףֻǶ½֮֮ħڣ棬Щδ֪ħûгһȫϹ֮أҲҪݡ
ȻЩ꣬˶Ϲ֮ؽԼĻҵȴò
Ϊ֮ʱֻ۰룬΢΢ͷѾȥðˡ
ǧΪѾ̤̫ʥֻܻ֮ǳڣҲԶЩžܱ֮ȣȻ˴δܳɹȥŽ磬Ҳȫˡ
ȥѰŽ磬ȻҪӺͳϼӶҪΪȻѾ̤̫ʥ֮ΪȴҲͣͲǰˡ
ֻ̫ʥ֮Ҳǡ塱磬ϻС塱̫͡塱磬ôȥǧ꣬ҲԴ徳ż˵ɵ̫徳ˣڷ֮붼ġ
һ˵ʣޣܹ̤֮һҪ׷Ѱߵľ磬ǾֻѰ·
ʱֻܵһ̣Ҳпǿ֮·Ȼֹģ˾˼ʥʥ֮ǾžδڣһѾԽž̤̫ʥ֮ˣҲղѡ
·δǾͷ̤һ𣬱û˾ͷֻߣ׷Ǿͷʱ᲻˶ӹ棬ֱκһˡ
˿̣Ӻͳϼӻü˼󣬳ϼҲ̧ͷ˵Ǳȥһԡ
ȻλˣĳҲֻ÷ˡ
ڣ˶ѾһΣҲҪȥԣֻҪСһЩʧˣҲȫˡ
գ˾Ѿ׼ϣĴ͹ЩҲѾѰΪػءһʺ쳾νɷѿġ
˴󷨣ֻҪע
˿ڼǰģһɽ𣬶мɽһĴ󷨡
ĹŴ󷨣ԶԶֹһ̫ʱڣħ֮ңЩ󷨲ܹԴͱѣͬʱڹطȡ
˵֮Ҳԥ̼һ֮ˮ۵ͨص׵ǣ
ңԶкҲԥԽУؼ䣬ããޱߵ
¡¡
ɽ壬ҲڰУֻ裬ⷽԲȫ˹˼״һ㶡
ڣɽ죬һȵ֮Ҳӿɢ˿Ƶλ󣡡
˽ԲԥĴȥһ±㴫͵һ󷨸еľ룬Ǽ˵ΪҲҪϺü죬ΪҪǣһѺ赲ټǰˡ
һ£˵նѲ㣬ֻǰһƬãã޾֮УǱ˺ѳһǧѺۣ·Ԩһȥһֲֿ֮С
ԣȻ
ʱǰնѲ㣬˶ЩţûƭˣΪ˿̣ܹܵõնѲϴϹϢⲻҪѰҵĶŽ
ƵѲ棬֮Ϊ裬ǲǿйȥֻȽ֮ȥ
ԣ˱˴˶һۣƺ˿˵ΪҪƿ֮Ӧ⡣
á
ٿ䣬ҲٶԥԪΧʱ֮Ҳǿһ
죬ǶѲ֮㱻ƿˣʱˣܹܵ洫ϹŶϢ֮⣬һʮΣյϢ
Ѳǰߣһ̣˼ǧˣһʺ쳾ǷҲѾ˷ˡ꣬갡
ãתȥӵ˵λȥǶŽ磬ҲѲ⣬̤նѲ󣬱
ʵҲȷܷԽնѲ㣬ɹصһʺ쳾˴ΣѾ޸ġ
˻ЩԥһնѲûܳɹȥŽ磬ǡ
ԶѺۣĬȻʱִֻʶʦǰʲôط
˿ֻ̻·ܹܵǰΣϢ̧ؿڣ£ǰǶŽˡ
Ƽ˻Щԥ˵⸽֮ʱڲλʱɽ룬Ҳ뿪ĳһˡ
˴˹ʵӣĳһ𣿡
û˵ֻ˵ͷ漴˱㲻ԥʱ⣬նѲȥ
¡
˷ȥһ˲䣬⸽΢һ£ָܿƽˣ˿̿ȥʲôҲûзһ
Ȼɫԥ֮£ϼӵˣֻܲȥɣλҲȥˡ˵꣬Ҳһ⣬նѲȥ

նѲһƬڱ䣬ʲôҲһӿȵ֮ΪѾ̤̫ʥ֮ˣһȥҲ³
һԷֻʹĻܵ𵴣һԵֵʱӿ֮
ԶҲصֿţ֫ٺǿҪ˺һ֪ǷҲܴնѲ㡣
ӡ
á
ҹǼֵĴӿ֮Ҳ̫Զ˲Ϣ֮䣬˱ʧȥӦ
֪˶ãǰһ㺮⴫ϲӣǿ쵽ˣ
Сġһ죬˲佫˹Աһ֮С
ߡ
˲ԥǰǵ㺮ȥһ˲㵽棬ڰɢȥǰͻȻĹʹЩۡ
˴ɽˮ㣬ﻨ㣬ƣųγԱȡ
һʺ쳾
ۣϤޱȵϢ·һһľôϤ
һʺ쳾һʺ쳾ûˡ
ģƺ˫ۣ⴦¡ȥĵطǺߣԱԪӤĵطû뵽󣬱ȥĻľˣֻм£ܿĺۼ


1642 ֮
꣬
ƺ۾һĻһĻ·һ㣬Ŀ
һգƺ߸ɵ׷ɱˣ츳Ϊ޾˵еκһˣ˫ȭѵ֣ȻΪǰ˵Ķ֣
һգƵͶ·Էͬھ޾֮·û뵽ԱԪӤȥһ˲䣬պϴ˴ؾ䣬ʹԪԽϹ֮أû뵽Ԫḽһͬͬգȥ֮˵ϣʹ֡˹
ȥˣһʺ쳾ԭһʺ쳾ֻǲ֪˴Ƿԭİ˴ɡ
ǰ˴ΪʢģΣšŷͥšǬԪššʵ
ãƲعԶɽ಻˵һʺ쳾ǰŽ磬һ㲻˳ƺ
һʺ쳾
Ҳع˴һһľ֪ΪΣҲмϤ֮Уһʱĸо

Ƶ˵ͷ˵һʺ쳾ܴ󣬵ҲŽ磬š൱ԪŵذɣԪŵ⣬ĺ˻ģһʺ쳾֮⣬ȻҲбĵط
š
˵ͷ̧ͷϿȥѾǵѺˣ޷ֱ
һŽ磬Ҳȫ죬˵죬ͳٶ˼ķʹԪˣʵԶֹڴˣǾĴЩˡ
ӣôˣƼµӣʵ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷȥղ˵һʺ쳾֮⣬бĵط
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵һʺ쳾֮⡭ǾʹˣƮƾ̫ۣ֮ں쳾ɿླ
Щ
߰쿴ȥЩŶĵƮƾ̫ۣ֮ں쳾ɿླʱϤ
ôˣĪƼʱ飬δһʺ쳾дʱ顣

ҡҡͷղֻǾЩϤѡ
һƼұڵİ֮طȥһָ̣Ȼ֮ɫˣҲ֪֮أΡ
˵ֻ꣬عͷһʺ쳾֮⻹ŲٵطʵǶԣʲôƮƾ̫ۣ֮ǶǴ˵һʺ쳾СҪܹһʺ쳾ҵ
˴ֿͣͣԶƣֻ̾òһʺ쳾ҪģһʱҲŪֻܻͷٿˡ
ʱȻ֪ջصһʺ쳾˼ǧԼҪб˼ȥѰ˵ڣҪô
ҵȻҪȥ
üȴһ˼Ƭֻ̺Ѿȥ꣬ҪȻذ֮أŪڰ˴ɵơɲΣţҶһȥ
Ҳգһͬȥ֮ذɡ˵
ӡ
һ£ѵҪԼˣΪԶԼ֮ϣԼܸ˳ĽŴһһʱ򡭡
˼ãղԸˣ˵£ĳԼ֮£ĳͬգ˴ɣʵҲͣοǼΪѵεȾ磬ĳǲˣȻǵУм˵걻ˣѻָӴȥǡ
ˡ
˵ȥϵûд㣬ֻһȥ֮ضѣ֮ĶԹҲ֡
⡭
̧ͷЩεЦЦԭղֻԼһԸ뷨Ҳ޹֣ҪȥѰͽܣм䵢󲻵á
ȵ˰֮أұֱɡ
šƵ˵ͷ˵պԵټĳǻ˵Ҳʶһӵλͽܡ
뵱壬ûѣΪ֮ʵҲûʲôѡǰƣʲôթСˣΪֱ˵ǻٶˣ˵һʮ߰˵ˡ

֮أǰ˴ڵĵطλһʺ쳾֮Ҳķ֮ء
պѾֻû뵽ǣİ˴ɣȻ˷츲صı仯
Ϊףţ̲ţһʲôͬˣššţѾʣ±šššǬԪš
˵ٹãͬ˻ᣬʱٲӣֻ³źòȥ
ҿۿģԨǴװýŲڵϣôˡ׼ңǺǣ˵ã˵á
꣬Ʒڣ˭ȥϧ꣬Ʒ̫ˣ֮أ˴ɣ˭бܹȡƷ˵ǰҲδҵõ
ɱ˵˵꣬ƷӣΪͨʮɱƷ磬ƷΪ˭ɱҰ
˿̣м˴ԴҴҶƽָһһ䣬ڶ
˵ɱ常νˣֻ常꾿˭ֻ֣֮ԼҲ޷常
ԨҾͿҰĲֻʱ常κηǷ֮룬Ⱦָš
ָԽԽɻֲԳһЦЩθɣ꣬Ϊͨʮһ֣ţû常û常ţкθɣ
ȻˣҲ뾡ȥţֻΪһˣˣڻˣһΰ˴ɾ䣬˭ڱıΣҪߣţѾǵˣû常Щ꣬һɡ
ӣҪȥˣԨ֮ǰʱƻع
ȥǾһ
һǺǡ
ƿЦһ꣬ѾһˣֺξһΣֻԨ˵ӣ
Ƭ̺һ·ϣ˴ˣֻ˫һԪʮżͨʮ

ƿؾԺ棬һĻһĻǵ常ؾĳʱ常ϵ˰ɣΪΣʲôҲ˵
ֻǽͨʮԼһԼ뿪ŰɣϧʱԼޱδ⣬Լǰգ뿪ˣˣ˵ʲôҲûˡ
ͨʮ뵽žԪŵأжˣΪžħжٴȷѪ꣬ž
ӵһ̰֡
һ˵ϣĳѾûˣҲ˿ţͨʮǵ常ֽҵģϧޱҲֻһգҽͨʮӣաӵ֪ĳ㽫ͨʮҴطȥɡ


1643 ˷
꣬ͨʮƲԪ֮УһԽˣ޷ԤϵĽ֡
ϹؾҪĹܽȥۼ̣ؾˣҲ׽±ȥΪǱ飬ֻǼסô򵥣Уǧ꣬һǴһһ仰ܱԹĺ
ΪʲôЩϹؼȻǱҲȻԭֻҪסؼĹȻ㽫֮ȥĻôؼ
ֳһǲȥģΪ˭ȷ֮ûгǿⳭ
ֳ֮ֵǮ˽Կ٣ѾƺסջˣŻȥֳصĹãôʱˣֳҲὥΪ±
˿ͨʮ߸ҲвоЩ٣ֻǰֳˣôͳ˾
ü΢ջǴӹͨʮҲ·ȴһ׮£˹֣ӣҲأӴ˴һɹȣȥ￴ܷҵϹ¶
ͨʮȻĴ㣬ȥңͨʮڰ˴ɵ
ʵȥĳΣ֮֮ǰҪĶ֮˱ܣ˲ϣ˿ŵĻе˻Ὣеľؼĳ֮أЩ֮һЩŶ˽ٻȥȡգȴδܻȥ
ҲΪΣѰ󲻵ûµĹŶԵɺѰþؼ޳񹦶⿴ƻĵ֮£ʵпܷ
ӣأףҵ֮ȵðͽĳˡ
˱ȭԥתԶȥܿѲӰǱȥƼұķ
ʧӰ뵽һ˵ÿˣҪ֮ˣֻΪһˣ޸ġһǧ£֪һ
ʦ㲻ȥô
ʱֻʶȻȥķҡҡͷÿˣԼѡҪղűѾڡ
˴ַͣͣؿڵֻϣֵһʺ쳾ΪʦҪȥѰڼ䣬㾡Ҫ⴫ʶ
֪Ѱ֮أԼ⴫ʶĻܱ˷֣ӶҪ鷳
š
΢΢ףٶԣַȥʱһɲǣǲһεʶһʶԼԶ֮أ̶ֻ˲Ϣ䣬ûˡ
ʦôˣֻʶȥ˵û¡

˵ƣƼұλڰ֮вݣ֮أɽˮƣ棬ţһɹϡ
һգɽɫɣվһ±ϣֵƼұζӳ£۾ֱ紵졣
Ƹ磬Ƹ磬ء㣬ȵʱһ̣·ڶ
ˣҪ޸Ƹ硭

һˡ
˫ͨ죬һ̣·𿴼һӰ˴һǳǳɫİٻȹѩ֣һɽ軨ԼһƸ磬

һһ죬ǰץȥȻɢȥȴʲôҲûУ绨죬ˮꡣ
ءôǵϲɰˣˣһģء
£ͷ常Ҿ˵Ҵġ
ǡء

ءƸ磬ϻ𣿡
һ¶ٺ١
ءƸۣȴЦ

ƣţҲжʮ˰ɣ񡭡ˡ
常ôͻȻ˵ˣҡ
СӡῴѾͷСϲ㣬Ƭ̲СʱҪ㱧ſϹԹ˯
常ҡһֱÿ
СӣǴ㣬Ҫҽ޳ȥˣ
ңҡǣ常常ǡ
СӡƷɲĿΣֻҪҵŮһֵģϲһ𡣡

常һˡƻˡ
֮ϣʣ˳жҲ޾壬ʱȴ̲סᣬһһŻ䡣
ˣ֪ڵţû常ǧС㣬ѲյǧС㣬Щ꣬һúܿɣСˣǲϱ˵ͨʮڣ֪
꣬ƷֻһŮճ󲻾ãĸȥˣǶʱƷ־ֳ֮ǰһֱǹ¹µģֱ꣬Ƶĳ֣Ӵ˶һ硣
һƻţ뿪ģֻһ죬ꡣ
ʲôˣôģ
ʱɽ±ߺȻѲߵӣ˴ʱվϵơ
ȻŽأĵΣʹѾȥˣɼǵʱ¶˿ȥĿʱǶ˵ʱһڴʱΪϢ£ŵòҶ
ƣ츳̶ʮ꣬ɵŶˣһͨʮΪ̤徳ģ֮ˣΪʤһ
ʱˣŵֻΪλǰˣҲȥˣһƼұȥգȻҪǿˡ
¡¡
󷨽ƱǿгƣΧɽ壬ʱҲˣҲѸٸ˳имλΪĳϡ
ʲôˣôţ
ǼλϣɽȻڶԷʱΪϢ£Ǽ˾еϢѵǰˡһλ徳ĸ֣
徳ĸ֣ǵ֮һᡭ
Ǽλϵʱһ̬Ҳһ±ÿࣺ֪λѣγƺţν¡
ƾնǰ⼸ϢսսĳϣԶЩŵòֻʧŵӣһ˲䣬常ڣˣֲԨܹȵͷ
ʲôˣôţ
ʱƼұһӰ˳ֻ£뷢ף˪Ǳˣȴ֮ҲǵƷİܣơ
š
ʱ˿һʱƬ̣ҲȻδϳϾϵϢѾ뵱̫ˡ
ʲôˣպιʴţ
Űеƣ˵ʱ˲һ㵭ɫΪ˵߲ߣҲͣӦѾ΢΢徳żˡ


1644 
ֳգһ±ýƵĳ֣ЩŵӣʱҲһЩ׷ǰˡ
˫΢ǰˣʼոһϤ֮Уһʱ֮䣬ȴ벻
µʲôˡ
Ŀ΢ô룬Ҳ벻ļˣʱƼұмλϷ˳ȥΪ͡
ƿǰЩˣƷӣ츳ˣ˲֪ѹЩӣѾʶˡ
ƶ壬Ѿǵô
ǿˣƺΪ塱ڳŵӣһʲôˣΪγƺΪ壿Ҫ֪ƺΪģǾֻһˣǰƷ֮Ů
㣡
һɲǣ뵽ʲôٿƵȷˣһģЩ仯ϢҲˣʱ񡭡ǵ꣬ƣ
ơ㣡
һ̣ǼλųҲϳˣ򲻸ţȻǰƷƣ
ˡ󣡡
һڳϣԾʧ룬ŵӣһȻǰЩˣģ֪ˡ
ˡ
ǿڶŸҲˣ̲޽Ƽұʱ죬Ʒӿֹ
ƣվȻһҲգұ㽫£籨𣡡
ƶʱȫû뵽ǰԱԪӤ٣ȻܻţΪȻѾ̫ʥĵһ徳
츳ֵƷ洫ʱ㲻ƵĶ֣ԷѾ̤徳֪Ӳ֣Ψŵ޽󣬻סԷ
һ˲䣬콣ƽŽ͵سƹȥʱȻ⼤ҵɱȴԾɲƽʱƾһ䡱һӲ˳ȥϮĽҲƬ̼߽⡣

˽һЩŵӣŵɫߵΪȻһƱˣŽ󣬶Ʋס
˾֮Уֻ˵ϣ䵭ĳһ£Ǽ常޹֮ˣ˿
Ŵһ˶ʱ׹ѣûһ˸ȥסȻҲûܹס
ҽ£зɱۣ
ʱլǱȥˣλʱ⼸λųΪͣѾ̤徳ƵĶ֣
飡飡飡
죬Ǽλϣ˿֮ԱƵ˳ȥʣµŸ֣ҲȻǰδɱɱֻ½գѪɺӡ
һ·Ƽұլǹͳϵá
֨ѽһƿõţһɳ֮ʱ£ǻҳҲѾüɨˡ
常ˡ
·常λ˻ҳһʹȻǰȥλϵĻҳһɲǣȴɵ΢΢һԡ常λϣ᲼ҳѵЩ꣬
ƣվ棬ƴΧҽ¾ǡ
꣬ûɱ常
һ䣬濴ȥʱЩųһ
ʱҲȥЩ˶ˣλ˻ȥֹڵϵϣƷλȥƬ̣ȥ
˼ˣһɲǣƿǵͳɫҲȻһֲĸо
أ
䣬һ˶ҶˣʮλųϣʱǱý
㣬
ԽԽ䣬һ˹ȥ֪ȻǰˣĶ壬Ϊͨʮ˲κ飬ܹõЩ꣬˶ٿࡣ
ǿ˵ˣͼ޳ȥˣ꣬Ϊأ
Ŵԣųϣ鶼΢΢һ£ҲĬԶЩŵӣʱǲҶһ֡
һΣ
ǲƽŴ˿ԣƼԪۣҲ˰Ҹղ˵ˣѾˣ֪Ҳûá
ϻδ䣬ƺһ磬һ³ǰһ죬סĺԵ£㲻աѪϴš
ԣЩŵӸŵɫһ˲䣬ڹһˣö롱ٿƸȥ
žžŻѪһѰƷһߵĻԪҲԵֵ
ƴǰŵӣȻ֪һ˲䣬һݣһ죬סö롣
һ̣Ƽұʮɽ壬Ȼһ֮ģһɼµĽϢ
˻󡭡
ƿ⸽⣬Ȼ򶨣ǰ常˵󷨣ֻϧʧ
ƣ𱨣ɱֳ˹ŭѪϴţҲա뿪ˣ
Ǳԡ
Ŀ⺮䣬һٿȻȥųϣԶŸ֣ʱֹ
˫ԽԽңһֱլãƼұǰ棬ưľͨʮȻƶδȫ򣬾Ѿˣǲʮ޵У磬㵱ɽͨʮһˣҲҡ
뵽˴һԹǵ꣬ϰͨʮֻһۣûˣԨʩΪ
˼֮࣬˲乥飡һΣǳŽһ±ǰ
⡭
ʱɵȷӦʱѾˣֶһ䣬͵һ̧ͷȥ
ۼһƱضƵʱŵĵѣˣˡǰˣ
һ̣ͣˣҲˣˣľ˵һͣƵͷϷ·ȫ磬һ̶ˡ
ɫɷֽŴʱʧһˣ顱һشϣһƽ˳ȥ
Ʊһɣڵϣȥһ̣ȴƸоʹˣǰҲһ㶬Ĵ棬ֿժ軨Ļ˹Цݣ峺ˣƸ磬



1645 ߻ħ

һֻ̣еתƼԼһƣȻˣиǾ£ٴʱһӶˣʱҪ£жµŵæ˵ңҡţԨװ
ʱ޿̲õͨʮͨʮȫһ
ΪƷĶŮ˵ƷȥִţЩһֱƱϰ¶ƣʣܶùЩˣ
ЩʱƻֶŮÿҲΪѣɵִԺ󣬽Ҳʧȥġ
Ҳֵ֮飬ٲҲֻǽڸ¥׼ȥ˵ͨʮڣһꡣ
ֱǰʱ𽥿ƸɣԨ֪Ʒ統ĶŮţƽĿȻҲͨʮ
˥䣬ܶùţƲòԨȥĸ¥ʵ֮ǰһֱȥҲǵһ㡣
ԨֶΣڰ֮ǳĺԴɲһֶ֮飬ÿܱ֮޲Ǳˡ
ֱ꣬ǰʱԨ֮װţʱţѶţֻ׼֮ʩΪװĸ¥֮ȥʱѾûˡ
˿̣һУƶʱ˫Ѫ죬ʱͻȻһΡΡơơôơ
ֻһǽ棬иŹȵ˳˫Ŀʧֻܷǽ˳
֡
һ㶣˹ȥϵǰţ󲻾ãĸױȥˣְġ
ơơô
֡ңң۾۾ôˡ
ƽţ뿪ʱʱֲûϣȻûжΪҲǷܱȣ
ƣƣˡ˫ֲգ۾ǰϹġ
أңǼ޳ȥˣԲԣңǼ޳ȥˣǲǣ

֣ͻȻһˣ޵ģڳ˼˲ģʱŵӣ۾ֲᡣ
֣ޡң
˫Ǿˮװ죬ȥʱˣܾ裬Ѿûˡװҵÿడء
ۣһѪӿ˳ղűһƴУȻġ
šš
췢һХһɲǣ˫۱Ѫ죬תͨʮת

ֻѪڣŵŵһҲҿһͨʮѵ߻ħˣ
ššƣضѪϴ׼ţ
һ쳣ȻؿӿʱȫѪɷڣȥħһ㣬һڳϣŵɫǡͨʮ
ǺǣţôĿ
ʱƼұ棬Ȼһ˽һͷȥֻ棬װ˲ǰ׼ҵļλʥϺһڸ֣ȻǬԪЩڡ
һΣҲɫʮǰʱԨ˰ͬˣΪˣʵҪƿţ׼֮ˡһ죬ڻˣҲվӲŵ
Щְ
ʱź£ȣҡ߽ӣԨĴӣװ丸ֶΣ̶ֻ߲ͣ⼸ɵţ亦²ѡ
װ
ƿŴʱ߽װ˫۷ڵѪһһֻ̣ʬΣ
Ŷ
װأҡΣصҵ˭ԭǵ꣬߱ǸͽǺǣղҺţǺˮۣһûԹɣǺǡ

˫Ŀѣһȫʧȥǣͨʮתƻһâ͵سװ˹ȥ

λϣڣ̷Ȼδ֣ȴһǸ˳ȥ
ţͨʮ
װһһɲǣܵǹ쳣񱩵Сָһһ˲תȻȫ͹ɱľģһ˲䣬ƱӲһȭϡ
ۣ
װһȭֱҷɳȥҲȥδͣ£˫Ѫ죬ȻȫʧȥǣڵϣһȭһȭȥֱýǴϣѪģ

λϺһڸֶŵûɢһ˲ȻƴʱǿϢһ𣬾ȫ˳ȥûһǰװ

ȻƷһ㣬˫Ѫ죬ѪڣһȭһȭװȥǸĵ棬ҲѺۣװҵѪģѾȥˡ
ȴδͣ£ֱ߻ħǵֻʣһ̯Ѫ⣬װ·ԶţţǬԪЩţһĻòҳȻɱԨĳӣ

ѪѪѪͷʹޣѪᣬҲϻ䣬ȻװҲزˣΪΣκΣ

ֻӵվͷɢϵѪֲģ·մ޵ﴳĶŵúЩŵӣһ
ǽաһҲ
ɫֲĿԶЩ״֮ϡ


1646 ɱ¾֮
ʱǿµһˣʱ׹뺮̶޲һһ˲䣬ǷӦ˫һ죬ѳȻɱ˹ȥ
СĴˣ
λϴʧɫȻ˭ӵùУһµĳϣûüԼɽѳǰѽնʱѪɽ
Ŀ֮£ֻųϾһ±նʮΣѪܵһĻڳ֮޲Ȼʧɫ⼸ŵʱ˺Ȼ򲻸ǰ
ûһӡ
˫Ѫ죬նɱһųϺһ˲䣬ֳһϷȥǳϷӦʱͬûüɽֻ͡һʱѪɽһնֱӽն롣

ʣ׼ҳŵĵѣںߣһŸ֣ԼŰңʱͼƷ
Ǻǡ
˫Ѫ죬ȫѪڣһ̣·ɱȺɱ֮޲ѪŽ֫ɡ
ܿ죬Ѿȫ˵¾ɱԭ׼Ҹ֣Ƭֻ̼ʣ¶ʮˣǰʮ״ң޲ǱҽնʮΣʣµʮˣŵĵѣɥǵƼұȥﻹǰɱ
ĳ˵׼֮ˣһҲӡ
ȻȫɱۣеѽҲѾۣһ˵ֳ꣬Ƕʮֻ֮׷ɱȥ
һĻ⼸ŵˣһαǰշţƳȴû뵽һٶ֣ȫԨ֮װ⡭
ŴʱǷ׷ɱ֮˵ɱ񣬼λ˺Ȼ˴֮䣬ͷһɵ֮һιƱɣ䣬µããȪԨŹˡ
Զƺʮλųϣһŵӣ·ʯһ㣬ƣƵӣҲ֪ɱͨʮ취õ
һиΪҪһ㣬ʱƣʵ̫ǿˣƷӣƷ£ضƺִţģŴȨ֣֮Ե꣬Ҫȥơ
һ̼ǵãƣɱȡƷĽ̵£ͣʮ񣬿ɱ񡭡ʵ԰һ
ͣ
һ죬Ѫɽһ֣Ҳƽˣʣųϣʱŵûɢֻ˲ֻȥ
ߣ˵׼֮ˣһҲ뿪
˫Ѫ죬һ͡һʱһ˹ضʣµ˲ֻ֮£ײһϣʱѣǻѪɱһԼ
ơ㣬ӲġŹ㣬㡭
׼ҳŵûҲ״ΣʱƼұŵˣҲŵòҳ뵱꣬׷ɱƣȴδܳɹմѾɱۣҪѰ֮ǡ
뵽˴ššǬԪŵȼλǻһѾ̤徳ͨʮӳ£⻹һ֮Էɱǵ³֮˵Ĳʬ壬Ҳòȥ
ǺǣŹҡ
Ѫɷ֮ԽԽأһһŵɫųȥ
뵱꣬ɱһˣΪ常߹ɱߣ˺ɱ֮Ե꣬׷ɱҲ˹ֻһ֮أΪޣΪ⣬常˵ʴ֮ģкãνʴȣ֮Уãܹٻ

ͻȻ䣬ȫһųնɱȥ飡ղɱˣջҪѪϴţһ
ųۼһն֪ԼӲˣʱңʱƼұ⣬ͻȻƷӿֻһâٿȻŶģһޱǿϢ˲ĿֲϢ
Ԩ
ƶʱһǰԨϢѵѾ̤롭ܣܣ
ֻƼұ⣬һӰýһɫۣѩ꣬һΪϢƾ䣬Ȼ徳֮ϣ˲ǱˣԨ
ԨƼұѪܵһĻʱĿѣƣ
ֳգһסˣƼұŵˣ⼸ŵˣʱҷκһڴʱѹֵ£˷·Ҳֹͣһ
ôĵӣ
Ԩģֲ˫ĿѣЩհ֮ذ죬ûκһ˸շŵи֣ȴڴ˽£
ǺǣԨҵĵӣԸء
ѪϷЦǰųϣʱ·ץסһݣæ˵գҪԨȥ
ǣ˵ղ׼ҵЩˣκһ뿪ǾԳУͣһ죬ѪɽųϸվûüԨȥ㱻һȡ׼
ͨ
ųϵʬƽ£ϵѪڲ罦Զ˶ŵôˣȻԨ棬ɱ˽ŵһλϡ


1647 ޸
ǰɱˣԨʱŭɶһ̧Яɱͳƴȥһ֮ͬСɣȻȫԽ࿹顱һгһ¶أҲһѪ˳ȥ
⡭
Զ˽һ˾˵ܹһشѵԨѾ̤徳ˣ̫ʥһΪ徳ڶΪ徳Ϊ̫徳ÿٷ־ŲСÿһСһĲһ󾳣ǿνˡ
һҲͨͨԨˣѾ̤徳ôôܣǵǵȹ츳ڵĻҲֻ徳۷żԨ츳磬Ϊξһ̤徳Ϣ徳ˡ
ۣ
ص棬ʱһѪӿȻղԨһƣ˲ˣͨʮ壬ֻ¸ղһ£Ϲۣˡ
Ҳû뵽ԨĶ֣˾һ̤徳磬Ԩ츳Զ常꣬ǵ츳Ҳֻܵ徳۷壬ΪԨˣһ̤徳ˣֻ֮أΨһһ徳ˡ

˼֮ʣԨڿ˵̯Ѫ⣬װƴһ࣬·ԨϲǹѪӦ֮ǰǸӦװ£ŴҴҸû뵽վǳһ

һ̣Ԩݿֲ۳Թޣƣٲһ䣬һ̧ʱһʮӡ͵سƸȥ
¡
һӡʱ˲չӿˣҲѪӿֹֻǹ㳡ϣӡһ޴ӡѿѺۣһЩԶˣֱӱɿµ˳ȥ
Ѫܿˣܹ常ˣԨѾ̤徳ǽͨʮеףҲ޿Ǵ˶֣뿪գ뿪
˼⼰ˣٲԥһھѪϧԪʩչѪ֮Ƽұȥˣԭ֮ǰѾĴ㣬޷һˣǰͨʮڣΪҪ
Ѫݣߣûôף
Ԩ˫ۿֲѪһ죬ԲʮʱѪ徳ΪȻ£Զ˽ŵ˫ԲֻУȻһѪ⣬顱һǽƴ˳ȥ
ۣ
ص棬һѪӿʩչѪ֮룬ȴδܳɹʹϼˣԨʱɫҪֲжֲȥĿ⣺ƣסˣĳؽƼұΪƽأ
ȻڲȥΪκ˶õͨʮͬʱҪװѪһ˵꣬ԥ˫Ԫһ̯̽Ѫ⣬
Զ˸ɫҰףƺʮλϣ֪Ԩɱϣֶκޱȣסƣֻ´ˡ
֮ͽ
Ʋԥ̷ƼұЩ֮ˣղż¾ɱŰ˵龰ŵñòʧɫʱѾش˭Ӳȥ
ƣ
мλҲվ˳ΣǶҪ£Ҫ£ƣԨá
˲Υʱֻóȥ֮УѪ죬ͷϷЦֻ䡭һΪū£һȥʱǼʮŸ˳ȥ
£
ʮųҲˣ콣ϮƵʱѪɽһӿüųѪ˳ȥ

֮˳¡¡ͻȻƯ꣬Ѫ֮У࿹һһܿ죬
ơơǲҪҪơ
˫ĿʧʲôҲ֮£ֻŹȣķȥһľͷһˤȥȻƵ֡ơơģơ
ţΣգҴ뿪
£ֻһŮ˹ֹһеӣһ𣬷ֿȥˡ
㳡棬ڵֿΧŸ֣ԨҲԽԽ£Ϊ˵õͨʮ޲һԪŭǻ
ʱţţǬԪЩŲŷӦƴ̫ˣ츳ˣǼֶ׷ɱˣ󿪣ٸ꣬ض̤徳ʱҪֻ֮Լ£һ˵ֵס
˼⼰ˣҲԥ̳ɱȥ¡¡Ъע·Ҫϴ̵һĻ
֪˶ãЪˣҲͣˣƵĹ㳡ϣһصʬ壬˵ģҲ⼸ɵġϲ˷ɽսͨһѪˮһѶϽ֧壬ȥ
Χ˶Ľʱ˺ȻȴǰˣͨʮͻȻǷɥɡ
ǬԪǼţŴʱڵأһƣһҲЩԥ˴ӣǰǿɲԩ
Ƹ磬Ƹ硭
ģģУƷ·ֿˣ軨Ů˹ʮ꣬껪ôĶˡ
Ƹ磬㿴ʺ硭Ƹ磬㿴ʺ
һ죬Ϊˣʹȥʺ棬òã
ѽѽƸɲʳԣ

ϣ¶ЦݣΧˣſЦʱй˼ɣȻǰ
Ƹ磬ˡ
ϴЦһ˵꣬ڷ·һ˲һɻصǬԪǼŽһǹʼʩҪԱԪӤˣ

ǼţʱŵĿȫǣԼ֮˶ˣٶȥԱԪӤɱشǣ徳ΪԱԪӤֻƼұҪһ˲ҷ
Ҳûôף
УԨɫֲһ̧һɲǼ䣬طһһ֮ͨǿнԪӤѹȥƾһֶΣԱԪӤҲ첻ˣֶΣԶǵɱȣ
ڳ֮ˣ޲ŵúȻʧɫһǸղԱԪӤûüӦߣԨƾһ֮ǿԱԪӤ²徳ô򵥡
ɫɷףȫ亹ʪ͸ˣղһ£ҪԱԪӤˣֱ޷룡
գұԪ񣡡
Ԩ䣬䣬ԣȻһɫӡȻץȥǧһ˲䣬һ̹ݡһɢǵɫӡ
ʲôˣ


1648 
ڳ֮ˣͻһָסˣһ˲䣬ȸ˷Ӧǹ㳡ѾһӰɲΪϢһ˶ס˺
ӡ㣬ôûߡ
ǿ̧ͷʱͻȻǰӰܹڰ֮⣬һָɢԨһ˲Ȼˡ
ʲôˡ
ڳģˣɵˣһ̶סˣǰλƮƮӣһ֧˲ʳ˼̻ϢһͲǷˣ֮أδһˡ
ôˣһ˴ɡʦҪȻǶɱˡ
ʱֻȻڳ֮һ˭˵Ĺˣһˡ
˵
ְǰֻﴫȥһĿ⣬˰Ԩϡ
ԨҲ˭ӸղһָΪԼ֮£ʲôͷƣʶ֮ˣƬֻ̺ǺˣĪǽգҪҰ֮ͬ£
صѲ֮ˣλգֺαؿƣˣҴˡ˵꣬Ԩתƿȥ㻹վ𣿡

ȫѪҲ˷ɽǿվٶԣƼұȥˣˣ޶á
ٺ٣ñ£ǵĳ𣡡
УԨµȥһŭȫھһߣȻһƳʱ⸽ʧɫ
ӡСġ
˵еοڴʱԨֲ֮£ȴ治ɫԨһƹ֮ʱָֻһʮָһָһɲǣգԨȻһָ
ȻҪѾˣ顱һһֱָӶĻһָؿϣʱ󵹷˻ȥ

ص棬ԨֻеѪӿֹҪһѪӿȴǿ˻ȥԶŵˣɵţѾľ޷ŸղһĻ
һ£ղһָԨ徳Ϊһָˣڶ޷͸ǰλӣΪѾ̤˺εȾ磬־ʲô
㡭
ʱǬԪǼŷɵԨԣ˶ţǱŮӣΪ˺εȾ磿ѵһʺ쳾𡭡
ԨɫѿǿźһѪʱ޷˵ֻܿıӰղһָȻ
߰ɡ
ٶԣƳƼұȥˣʱƼұľګʧʣʱƻлȻֱһ㡣

ҹ磬һĵ棬ֻԨϥ˹˰һָƣʱɫȥʮѿ

ֻӻһöװǰµ壬ʱУԹ֮ɫ𣬿һ뵽ƵǸŮӣͷֲһ£Ůʲôͷ
ʱȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲԨ濴ȥ֮أƽοҹ

ֻһ뷢׵߼Ҵ˽ԨһʵϺΣʲôŻţ
̧ͷԨһۣС˵桭ʹˡ
ʹԣԨһ䣬վʵˣ
Ѿˡ
Ԩհѻ˵֮ʱ㴫һ䵭ԨһѹԱߵߵϺΣȳȥڼ䲻κ˽
ǡǡ
߲Ҷԣͷȥˣſʱһֻ̧ͷһۣҴȥˡ
ʹ
Ԩӭȥ߽ӣͷֵԨʹ
š
Ǻ￴˿Ҳ˵Ԩվԭأŵͷֵƣһعȥ
˺һӲת˫ָ󣬵ص˵ˣ
仰·һԨȴҶʲôֻ˵ͷȮӼˣ֮֡
˵Ǳ˻ģ
˹仰Ԩͬһǲ̧ͷҲˣһʵ֪ʹҹˣк¡
к£㲻𣿡
ǰԨ̧ͷŶԷʱ񣬲΢΢һ˵һΣֻ⡭
⣿
ӿصʮˣһССİ֮ضòҪȥϽԨҪˣһΪ˭ġ
ŴԣԨǻһæͷ£ٸʱ䣬ĳضƽ֮أЩԸ˳
ˣ⣬˴м£Ҫ㡭ӻ˴ͣ
ʲʲô£ʹ˵ĳضǡԨԽԵ㷲ӵ£˵󲻴󣬵ҲС
֪˶ã£쪣ص棬Ԩɫɷף亹乣յ˵ͷСĳ֪ˡ
šӿһΣǧҪʧˡ
˵֮ʱȻһ紵˽֮ƺʲô￿
˭棿ϺΣ
ԨһʱȥȻһƬʲôҲ壬ǹɭɭϢȴԽԽˡ
ȥɫأص
Ԩԣȥˣ˵ſʱȴҹĻ֮£Ӱĵص˹
Ӱ֮ʱէһȫź۵ˣģװ죬һѺɫ˫㲻մ棬Ʈġ
ʲôˣվס
ԨէȻһʲôˣϢ˿ȥŹ֣Ϣɭ죬࣡
ȻӰţص˹·һ㣬ûκϢʱǺ˳˹ǰʲôˣ
δ䣬ֻ˫ֶԼ˫գǱһ֮סˣӰȴûκζص̨Ʈ
һĻԨŵĵѣһ˲䣬·Ҳֹͣˣ۾ֵĿӰԼǰһҲҳ
ˣȥˡ
֮£ڴһԨȻŵöҲҶһˣΡΡ¡˵˭
ˣȥˡ
֮£ͬĻһεԱøɭȻˣԨʱ׹Ԩȫֹƣ뿪Ƽұȥˡ


1649 
ƣ뿪Ƽұȥˡ
ԨŵȫҲɫʹ˿ֿãɣǰ֮ˣҪȡֱ練ơ
ߵĺӰɭɭп壬òΣԼʹ
Ԩɫ԰ףϸ룬󲻸̫ԥ˵һָһָȥҵòòһ£ﻹһ֧ɫˣ˿ȥЩġ
ǻˣ
ˡûУһ
һ̣ԨǼ˹һϾ״Լ˵һ֣æĿڵһˣʼնûпֻ֣ƺŮӣΪʦ
š
˴غˣ˴˶һۣһɲǣѾȷʲôҲٶԣ漴תƮȥˡ
ԨŶȥӰź˫ԲҶһ£֮ǰǺʹԱһ֮ڰУ˫ֶԼˡ
ӰʱұߵĺӰһۣ֮ڽˣͨһʹˤ˵ϣȴſڵϣҲͷҲ̧һ¡
ҲûֱƮȥˣصſڣԨǲҶˣͻȻʧҹɫûжκιǾƾʧˣ
ɢȥ¹ճų˯˯ѲصѲأ·ʲôҲûʲôҲûзһһľûκˡ
ʹҲعĿֵ棬ղǶ̶Ƭ̣ȴһʱ̣ˣʲôˡ˹ֿ¡

պ󣬰֮ĳɽϣʱϵˣ΢תһЩԿɼഥĿĵĽˡ
лӡ
ʱֻɫ԰ףϵĽʹҲʹһԶҲ޷ϵ˿ˣţԨ

ֻԶһԭ԰׵ӣѪһǵͨ죬ϵĽˣҲб֮ơ
ϣ롣ص
û¡
˫΢΢һ̧ʹڷӿѪҲ𽥳ȥƬ̺󣬲ż̧ͷԼԶ䣬죬ȴԼ
뵱Ԩһָ˵ĳƻЩţΪѾ̤˺εȾ磬Ҫȵͽܣ־ʲôˣ٣ԺεֶΣסԪ񡭡
һ̣ŷ֣Էϵʵ̫ˣȫ͸һſʵӲôһաôֻˡ
¶棬˵ûҵ˵ɹȡ
⣬⡭
һ˵֮ƵͷЩżӣôᣬѵҼǴ𡭡
һ̧ͷ˵ӣȲҪżҶ취ģҶһʺ쳾ϤܰҵǼֻǡ
˴ֵͷԼϵˣ𽥵ȥֻڣĳһˣֻߵЩӦǺָܻܿ
û˵һ죬ͨʮ˻ȥĶڻˡ
ƽסؼһ̣ƾɵؼֻеһ˵ؼ˾˼ǧö˼ؼ常ҲᡭҲᡭһжᷢؼģ
գĳ㽫ˣʡǧٺˣ
һ̣ƵȻһ̧ƣҪȥؼһʱȴָеʹԺ棬ȫ常ؼĳ常һ桭
ͨʮ常Ķˣ常ˣҲˣؼҲˣԼʲôȥ𡭡
ȥиζӳ£ֱַߣ̲סһһΣؼķϡ
תûпֻ¶棬ɽ´ķ磬ޱߵķ˿ʹȥȾһ㳾֮
˺һƲŲ˲۾ЩεǸӼЦˡ
վɽ±ߣַԾɲ±ϣȥ䣬ҲƺδЦҲδ¶˹ޱϲֻȴ
ǲ֪룬ΪΣתˣһգҺиƺΪʦˡӵͽ𣿡
š
΢΢ףҲԸ˵ͷֵԭ֮ǰӦϢ˵ҲɣҪǸӦϢҲᷢӡ

˵꣬Ȼֵ֣һ£̧ͷӡôˣ
˵һΣ
һɲǣΧʱһ𣬽һ˵Ϣֱ¶漤ȥʱƲڷӦˣ
һҲѵԨܣ±شҲ׷ɱʲôˡ
ʱ¶棬߳Ӱֻ˽ۣģһѺڵ
⡭
һʲôˣΪо˹죬ֱӴ֮߳ǰ
һ̣ؿŵֻ񣬺Ȼ˸Ȼ˹ϵϢһ´ֻˣ


1650 ̫ŵ֮
˿̣ؿųĺ⣬ֻ̫ϢԶˣһȻϡ
̫ŵֻ̫ص
ʱֻ꣬һ±üһ̣֪ΪΣоǾֻ̫صϢ꣬ĸף׵ġֻ̫ص

ֻ·ͻȻʧһڴʱиĸĳˣؿϵֻ񣬲˸Ѫ⡣
꣬ĸף硭ֻ̫صˡ
֪ģֻС㸸ֻ̫صһõĶԣԲű׷ɱ
׷ɱ㸸׵ģֻ̫ص
ֻ̫ص
Ļֻ̫ص澳һ֯ˣĻ졭

ĸסĸס
һɲǣֻͻȻһɼǿĻ꣬һ˲Ŵֻһħ֮Ӱ͵سӰȥ
ǡ
棬һȥԪԽ˶ϢĸӦһ˶࣬ʱܵϢѾȫ֪ΧǺεǿĲǣ˿ֻ̣˫ĿԲԺֻ뵽һ仰ħϲŻ꣡
ɷɷɷ
ħ֮Ӱ͵س˹ȥһɲǣ춯صɽ˾ɫһ䣺ѵ
㿪
һ˲䷴Ӧ˹˲˳ȥֻ¡һ죬ؼʱ̹ɽ壬ħӰһ֮£һ˲ҷ

Ҳɫһ䣬ָһһֻϵȥ̫ӡһ֣ǿнֻӡסˣеѪ⣬էȻʧеħӰҲһ˲ʧˡ
һ̣ؼȴ𵴲ѣΧļɽ壬Ҳ̱ĳ̣ա
ǣǵǡ
أɫղһħӰصϢѵӵͽͷųôͽܵʲôˣܼԦŲħ֮꣬ʵ󡭡
̳ɢȥ֮ģİϢֻˣ¸ֻǴʱжȥԽСࡣ

֮£һĵһ˵о±ϣɫģʵʲôˡ
㲻ֻ֪̫࣬뽫ϴŵɡ
ұߵĺһȻɢһɷ֮һϢ
ǲء
Ӱ±ߣ䣬ϵϢһ±øˣûѡء
δ䣬һ˲ʧˣһ˲ٳʱǰкɫһƹϮһʱ֮䣬¸ɷɷ
˲𣬱ܿ˵Ĺһָݡһָϣһ´͸˹ȥδԶκһ˿˺
ԶƲ΢΢һƹȣȥӰǹĻӦ
ߣ
һ˲֮䣬ִʧˣٳʱһǰһȴĳ󣬶еĹͬʱ˲ϢӰֱ

һ˵ĹԪٴߣ̤ɲܿһ˲Ĺͬʱһ̹ɳɽһȴ˵ˡ
ֻӰĪ⣬ȥӰʱУʱִԭʧһһʽ֮䣬죬ɲȾѧѴ϶Ĺ
ӣСģ
Զһֻƾʧ֮һ˲ѺɫֱϹȥһ£Ѱ֮˾ѱܿ

һ˵Ĺƣͬʱַɻϣû£Ʋһ亹˵ʲôͷΪҹ˹죬Ѱ乳סҲҪش
˼֮ʣȻ䣬ȫ֣߹˹һӡģ
˲Ϣȴɫ䣬һת̴ʱˣܲһ٣һֻ̣ҲҪǧذ飬æס˫
ֱԪȻס˫ҲûãɿһؽһأƲɵǡ׺̤˵һЩΪϵ֮ˣΪ֮ˣ֮ܵƬ̣ҲҪң
Եֿס˴˿һۣͬʱ˵ߣ£ʱһʧˡ
ʧķü˺һںߵƲηѣɡӣˡղˣӿ֪ʲôˣ
ɲһʵֻ֪̫ص𣿡
ֻ̫ص
˫üͷ˼Ƭ̺뵽ʲôȻ̧ͷҲȫˣ˵ղˡֻ̫صˣ
š
΢΢ͷˡ
ֻ̫صˣôᡭ
ɫɷף˿̲һ֪ģֻ̫ص䣬ǿĴ֮һһʱħӲ𣬿ƫƫֻ̫صǿߣһ֮ܿ١
ƾ֮һǺεȿ£ЩֻǴ˵ţһжģֻ̫صܹ֮ܿ٣һǽǺ£
˵̧֣ǰֻ񣬲üһƻعӣǣô죿
Ϲ¶֮Ȫֻɳ̵ʱڣҵ
һֻ̣üôƻδʱصӣҲɣ˵ͷã
֮һɹȣֻлƽŨһϵҲЩˣʱǰߣǹȪˮüҼǵǰǻɹȣѵʧô
ں棬û˿̵Ļһü΢ָᴥؿڵֻ񣬼ǰѾ⿪ֻķӡˣ棬ȴûκһϢѵһգĹô
ӣôˣ
Ƽ˵תּʱüĲչӣҲµʲôˣΪʱҲ˿оĴˡ
û¡
ַȥһ֮ڣֻΪֻ̫صĳ֣ĵǣһգͻȻ֮
ƼȻüĲչ˵ӣ㲻õģҲɹȣ֪ǰиطܴһЩõĶ


1651 Ϲ¶
֮һΪƶĵط˳ǲСλʮɽ֮ϣʮɽ֧ţƣУɾûзˣ֮ʿ
ʱֵɶϲ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵Ҽǵõһʱ常ģȥˣһ仯ҲûУǺ͵һ
Ĭһ˵ƶмС˴Σֻǽȥ̽ϢСһЩ⼸ע⣬಻ǣֻǡ
˵˴ͣͣûټ˵ȥĵģ޷һƶ棬ضһЩ˵ע⣬ֻϣʱ򣬲Ҫ֦ڡ
ұ㲻ˣȥɡ
Ӳȥô
㶣漴˵ͷҲãӾҡһ˵ţһƵĳȥˡ
һϣ±һù£ֻȡ洫ıϢѾչȥˣֻûϢ
ֻ̫صѾ֣ϴˣΪ㲻һʱ䣬ŲŻ֮ˡ
ƻ֮ʱƶǱ߷򣬺ȻһϢվֻƼ߷˹
ӡߣ
ɫҴҵӣ֪ǷдʲôõϢüͷһ壺ôˣ
ƵҵϹ¶ˣоɳֻ·˵
š
ԣǰȥˣһ·ϣƱ㽫ƶϢ˵˳
֮ء
ǰ治Զһձ㵽
ǰĺȽȽ˵֮أǰֵģһʺ쳾ǰҲϹ¶ȻС
˵˴ͣͣɳ֮ȪֻϢƶģزдֻû뵽ɳѰǺ쳾ɵۣһˣɳó
ü΢ʵղ˵ں쳾ʲôط
ƿ˿ֵӣ㻹ǵøʱ˵Ǽطһʺ쳾ܴ󣬶˵һҲ߲ȥһʺ쳾֮⣬иĵطƮƾ̫֮ۡɿླƮƾһأΪں쳾ں쳾ˣǺ쳾ɵۡ
֮ĬȻƽŵ¥Ϣһ򲻻󣬿ɳпǺ쳾ɵ۵ˣΪߣҪõֻΪס
ֻ֮Ȫһʺ쳾ļ֮أ

Ƶ˵ͷ˵ػ֮Ȫֻģϵ壬ǶҲó֮ȪֻڿϹ¶ڹ֮ǧᣬȴõġ
ߡ
ҲٶԥȽϹ¶õ˵֮ȥˣڶʱһ֮ɽ룬ֻǰϼɽ֮ˡ
֮أǰֵģ֪Ϊ֣ϢҲֶߣ̶£Ѿһʺ쳾Ĳʿ
Ӧþ֮֮ˡ
ǰɽһϼ⣬ֻعͷߵ˿˵֮غܴ󣬲֪ҪղУѰϹ¶ڼ䣬ҲܻһЩˣǶҲΪϹ¶
š
΢΢ףԣɽȥˣҲԥ漴ȥգϵѾõ߰˰ˣҲΪۡ
֮Ѿ֮أ֮أΧ֮󣬻˵Ԥ룬ʹˣطʮ
һƹǳһʺ쳾֮⣬һ֪صطֻĻյյԼɼ֮ϣŵһӰ
˹ɭɭһҲ·ȥʱʬһֱһ͸۾֮ͫУԼ̵Ĺâһţֻ⣬߽һӰİ£Լɼһӡ
ʹε񡭡ʧˡ
ӵĿڣһ˵ţһȥʱһӴߵһΣʱſ壬ǵŵģһߣͷϡ裬˫ݣǹײĸʬһģЩ¡
ϵˣˣƾʹ޿Ķ֣Ǵݾˡ
׵ߣ˵ţʮɳƣȥҲһֲĸо
һУ˵ǵ̫꣬ˡ˭뵽Ȼա
һ߻˵ţһѾߵǰͣͣת꣬ĻĻ죬ᾪ磬ʱ룬ҵڶ֪ˣ˭
ߡ
֮ϣһߣ˵ĻɱɳȥˣΪ֪ǰӡǣ治֪ԭġ
ϧڣҲѾˡ
ӵصĻѷǵɱȣĻˣ澳ѾԺǶԿȥ澳ҲδؼĶ֣ǣǼλ̫ŽڣȻܡ
ߣ
һߣһ̣øɭֲˣұ֯һ³ȵ磬ҡ
ˣȲ˵ˡ
̾һϵߣֵϣڣ˭ȥԸˣ常ϴˣšмɰգ
ԣһ䣬˲һ㺮˪ص۶ÿĹ
ðһӲѹҪȻȥʬ磬ڤʥ
ʬ磬ڤʥ
ԣһ𽥱֣˵ڤʥѾ˯ǧ꣬ҪʹѪ
ӵѪ꣬ѣ£ȥǡ
½ãӲŴӵ߳ʱڵϣǿߵɫʮֿ¡
㵱꣬Ҳʧ˲ǡ

֮أһ¹ɽۣѾƬŵصʱܵѾԽԽŨˡ
Ѿܽˡ
С˵֮ʱǰȻһҹ￴Ϊԡ
ǰˣӣ㿴
ǰ⣬ԽԽǿҲٱ˹ȥ죬øľᡣ
ߡ
һ˲չɲǰȥƽϣϹ¶֣ض֮ʿҪЩ˵ǰ棬Ϲ¶ƻ


1652 ɹ
ܿ죬һɹǰֻǹйâ䣬͸һɼǿķһ㼫ǿĽ磬ΪǿҲ޷ǿн룬ֻܵɹȴ򿪡
ӣ㿴
ȿڴָָֻս磬͸Ȼֻܴɹȡ
ٺ٣Ȼ
ͻȻ䣬һЦԶһӰ˹ֻӣŸɫľȣȴһòձߡ
Ȼ˱Ϸ
ձ߷ɹȸƣһϢز¶ҲΪӡûˣĪǶ̶һʺ쳾ô֣
϶֣һ
ʱԶмӰİ׷ߣмòׯϵӣƲһЩˣȻûмоóЩˣǻ˼꣬ǧϹô£һʺ쳾ôͻȻðô֡
ף
ǼˣƼɹȸƺҲЩԾ벻˴ؽƣǸŵ
֪λγƺ
ǼӣʱĿһϣɾҲƮƮȻ벻䣬˳ŮӣֻǱӣʱϹ£ɼ
ɳɳɳ
ʱ˷˱ɹȵ˹ȥİˣŶ̶Ƭ̣Ѿôˣ֪ж
Щ˵УмΪ͵ģӣ㿴Σ
һţһȥһԼ徳ΪǼǧϹΪҲ֮£Щ˲Ķ֣ɼϹ¶֮ʱܷһϹ¶ǾͲˡ
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ʱɹȻһ𵴣ܵѸȥһĻЩ񵱳ɾɽ¶ʱ龰
ٺ٣ұ㲻λˣȽȥ˵
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ٺ٣϶֣ô죬Ҳȥʱиͷ׵ͷϷЦ
⡭ֻҪɹȲ򿪣ҿ˭Ҳȥһ̽
ձ˫һţ˼䣬ַ˻ȥֻԼ֪ղһжΣգҪʱ˻ȥֻ·ǵ˲ɡ
ɹȸˣѾԽԽˣЩ棬ΪߵģҲֻиտʼǼˣһЩˣ֪ôġ
ʱһĪչò׽֮صҵϹʱɹȣȴ絲棬ûһ˽ȥ
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ڸԥʱͻȻһ𣬶˵֮ˣǱˣȴֻվɹȸƮƮһ̣˶óˡ
˵ֻҪﵽһ̶ʱɹȱԶ򿪣ô

Ƶһ˵꣬һһɫķʱɹȹȿڴĽȥ
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ɹȣ漴һ΢𵴣ϱǼ˼Ƭ̣ҲȿڵĽȥ
һֱ֮ʱȿڴĽ磬ڴһС϶˼ǽ򿪣һʱڣȴһһˣ漴һ̹⣬ȥ
СǣȻûģ
Ǽ˷ӦҪȥʱȴѾˣֻһȿڵɽ´ȥ¡һʯһ±㽫ȿڶסˡ
ЩʯͷȻסЩߣЩʯͷȴǹȿڴĽ϶ֺЩҪٴδ򿪣ֵûЩ
λڴˣȺӴɡ
ʱƵɹڴЩѰ֮ʿԿձǼˣΪ֮£ʱƽСӣĻÿ
ЦЦǸղѾ˵ˣͲظλҪڴĳֵĻҪˣ⸽ĽýԲע⣬¾鷳ˡ
Сӡ
ձһ¹һղǼ˳Ϊ϶֡˱ضö뵱Сġ
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Сӣе㱾¡
ձ˫һУжһ죬ƶʱһɹڣһͨʮĹӦԴ˵ĶȥԼʱ䣬ʱɹ棬ֻľȪȻϹɾһ㡣
ʢĵطҲֻ֮һȪ˳ɰǧ⣬¶飬Ө͸
һʱЩһſֻﴦ¶УʮΡٵΡǧΡΣһЩϹ¶
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ԥ̴ȡһֻɫƿ˫ָһУεεϹ¶ƿ˹
ڼʮСģһϹ¶ܵ𵴣ţɢȥͨ¶ʱҲʧȥЧˡ
¡
ʱȻһ죬üͷһ壬ȻЩˣͼһЩ˴ضƻ˴˴Ϲ¶


1653 Ʈƾ
ԽԽȻѾֵסЩˣ˫ü΢Ԫһ⸽Ϲ¶Ѹƿ
ڣһ̹ȥˣ⸽Ϲ¶ҲѲɼϣʱֻ¡һ죬ĽˣЩ
ӣ
Ҳŷ˽ʱŵƿ⸽ŵ⣬˿ӣѾɹɼϹ¶ˡ
ţûˣ
ձǼΣٲһϹ¶ּŵֻƿмʱŭӣδҲ̫ˣǹͬ򿪵ģôȴȫһ˸ˡⲻУٵ÷ֵ
˿ŵƿ޲ΣϹ¶һΣǱٰ꣬ٲȾһΣǸǹ컯Ϊ
κǼ˸оóӵΪɲ⣬»ҪǼ֮ϣȥǿǻûǸֲģԴʱֻţöԷ뿪
˿ƿ̧ͷǼˣ˵УϹ¶Ҿá
㣬⡭Ҳ߯˵
ûа취ƿڱǸϻֱȥˣ֪Ķֻ֣ܸԷ˵¿ԷһҲøˣķô෨򿪽磬ȫɰ׸ˡ
λǸһ˵ţһ߽ƿСķҲֻ۰ͰͲţ˭ȥ
˫ǰǼ˸ɰͰ͵۵ӣһʱֻЦЩ˻ǧ꣬ȴӸŪˣǰæ򿪹ȿڵĽ磬ҪȻ̫һϹ¶һ̺ȫûˡ
ձ߼ǷЦñףСӣղҪ㵲ţϷôˣ򲻹ǽƤˣ
ҪƿɲˣѸһߣձΪߵֻͣľȣֵָСӣֺҿǲӣ
һΧһ°ˣ˶ȥһ̣ҲûκЦŭƨ
Ѿˣɵ֮飬ȻɽƣȫȻǱվ֮롣
ƣ߰ɡ
˿ԣɹȥƸԣձߣΧҲ˸ȥ˵ȥ·
ˣȥ𴦣ôϹɹȣ˵أ
һɢܿ𴦶ȥɹһȤҲûУϹ¶ѾõˣǾɳ֮Ȫֻ֮ģˡ
˻ص棬һޱߵƼʣƵϹ¶Ѿõˣ֮ȪֻԶ̫ңԶȥƮƾҵں쳾ΪΣ
ǰһ޼ʵƺƮƾں쳾Ӵ˵һʺ쳾֮϶ȥٵûԵܽƮƾ֪һȥ쳾䡣
Ƽʱ飬֪ѾȥƮƾƮƾûзˣ֮УɾסŵĽˣȥ˼õˣҲܹȥƮƾ
ᴥǰֻ񣬴ȥƮƾѰں쳾ģֻһȥһأҪʱ̫ˡ
ƿʱеǣ˵²˳٣ӣھͶɡ
š
֮Ѿ뿪һʺ쳾֮أһ·ϣǽٶ˼ޣƬҲδЪϢ
ʱ·ȻоǳЩ̫ʵû뵽һ죬뿪һʺ쳾ôԶң뵱꣬常ǵȾΪҲѴ뿪һʺ쳾Ҫķõʱ䡣
ӡ㿴
ָָϣֻƲ죬ޱ޼ʣҪȥƮƾ֮ѣΪ̫ʥ֮Ҳ˵ȥȥõġ
㻹֧ŵס𣿡
ҡ
̧̧ƣȷʵеֳ֮ǰһ··ϼûͣ¹ΪٸߣҲܵûָԪ
޷ϢƬȥɡ
һ˵ţһȥһô£ָЩĵԪҲԣ漴ȥһߣҲ˹ָ
ʱ۾ָҲеˬ˵ӣҺˣ߰ɡ
š
΢΢ףָһ֮ϷȥҲ漴ȥɣǧɣɡ
Ѳ֪ߣȻδƮƾԽϣԽǰУѾеЩƲ֮ϣ¶Ҳ轵࣬Ʋȫһһı˪ǵи֮ˣ⺮֮ϣֻ̼㱻ɱˡ
ԽϣԽԼǰУϣѾһıԭΪΪ̤ʥϵ£ȥ磬ڿ֮ԶܼԦ
ֲ֪˶ã˴Ѿȫܲһˣƽеټϣ±֧ŲסˣţԷ֮ͼ죬վǾˮ¡
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֪˶ãָһ˲仯һ̹⣬ڳƶƶ֮ϣ֮죬ɽ磬Ŀȥƺ֮ϣɽٲа׺׵С
⡭
һʱЩ棬δ˵ط·˴˵еɽһƮƾ𣿹ȻǷܵ
쳾֮ϣƮƾ֮ں쳾
Զƺϵɽ죬ʮ֣Ƶ֮ں쳾֮ӣȥѰҡ
š
ٶԣǰȥƮƾѾûиղ±ʱϢˡ
ȥգûҵں쳾ڣһ·޲棬ʵЩţһʺ쳾֮ϣȻɽ磬Ʈƾ᲻˵еϹˣ
˵ܶǰ쳾ɵ۱ȥ˾⣬ں쳾ģֻһ
ƻ˵ţЩҲһգ¥֪ģ٣ѱˡ
ӡ㿴
ʱǰȻһɵɵ֮ϣһòƽһ쵭ɫĻ꣬׷Ʈƺɾۼ
Ӣͷ׵ĵϣƢĻ㣬ں쳾Ӧÿ쵽ˡ
ԣ㶣֪
˻ֻӦ˼УѵüѰ
֣ǳǳɫĻָ꣬ϣ㶣仰ԭӦ˵ֻӦУ˼ѵüѰȴ˵⻨ʲôΨ˼УûС


1654 ں쳾
˰죬Ҳ֪֮գƻƷǻҲָδǻԻ
֮ʱϺȻһƬӰѵƮƾ֮ϣҲͻȻ죿̧ͷȥȴϣһֻɹչ
ڤ㣬Ϊ֮󣬲֪伸ǧҲΪΪ֪֮伸ǧҲ
΢΢̧ͷǾ֮չĴȴһ⡭ѵǴ˵е
ֻ˵ûмǧôţһչᣬȴҲʮ֮󣬷ڷĻһǻˣ޹ƻ˾ȣȴ˵ϹޣҲټܳڷ䡣

˵ͷһ̣Ȼͷһʺ쳾֮ضȥ̫ңԶȥĻձɵִڵٶȿȥ죬չᣬŭɣ˲Ϣûκ׷ϡ

˫һ㣬׷ȥˣһ£Ҳ漴ȥ濴ʱֻ̫Ӵ󣬾ʮңԶԿȥٶȺʵȴǺܿģһ֮ˣ׷ϡ
ء
ճХȻؼĺŽһ˲ȥƼǿվȣ徳Ϊ˿̶ҡҡλεģ·ʱᱻȥ
ء
ǲ˷ɵˣ˫һŭɣһԾǼǧɣƮƾɽ죬ʱ±ߣΰС
ƽקһëⱻȥ˿˵סȥԣܷ˵꣬ɲһ̤Ѹͷλȥˡ
Ϲʵ̫޴󣬻˺һľλֻǶԱԵ̫Сˣһë
ء
ӭչᣬճХȻתסΣٴչɲͷȥԵ̫СֻʩչءʹԼΣһ˲ûǧ֮˿ȥЭһЩ
תͷգһ˫۾ؿһһֻСȻѾ˺ܶ꣬ԶɱȣֻСֻ൱˾Сͯ
ء
һХƺҲܺ棬ȥų߽һЩḧϵëһЩ
ء
ܹԣٶȣȻһգգؿͷϲ˲䣬ƺϲӡ
û뵽ֻСﾹ׽࣬غðˣӡӣʱҲˣȴ㣬֮ʱ˫һ𣬾Щһ½ɳȥ
ѣ
˸ëԣȻֹͣᣬգһ˫۾Щ档
ںߣһ֮ɫʵЩţϹޣȻĻǸ㡭Ϊ
һĿվ˵һֻС
СС
ܿ˿ûСˣϹޣšҲֻһ˰ɡ
ţعͷȥ䣬ֿȥḧͷϵëƲһ㶣ôǼģû뵽ȻҲСһ棿
֪ں쳾𣿡
ء
ХһȻ˵ͷãڴҹȥƻԭأû뵽ϹޣĻʲô
ɣٶһ±ü죬ԭҪһʱܵں쳾ؾȻ̶ֻƬ̣㵽ˡ
ں쳾𣿡
·ȥֻطɵһţɫʤգƬں쳾ܴ󣬿ɺ쳾ɵӣںδ
һ㡣
ʶ̽ѰȥԼһ̽Ѱ⣬һһɾɾ棬ֻ¥ٲȻͬʱһ㳡ϣȺɾۼһȺ硣
ǡ쳾ɵڡ
ƵʶҲɾÿ꣬쳾ɵ۶ٰһһ硯Ʈƾɣԭġ
ֻ㳡仨׷ɣƮ˾յƮɵķ֮䣬Ʈƾûзˣʱڹ㳡ϵЩˣҪô֮ˣҪôõ֮ˣ뷲ߣһ
겻ӣԽɾˡ
˿һһ£ֻһ覵ӣǳǳЦʱһһһҲ˵ĳ⸽ɣʧ˼ɫ
Ƿ绪ıӣں쳾Ψһӣǰ˸ٳӣյĺ쳾֮һ쳾ɵˣһˣǺ쳾ɵۡ
ɾĸ֣ҿɲҡ
ϴǳǳЦݣ̸·ţһ˵ƷɾǺ˳Ƶã
⻹˵𣿡
ǳǳһЦ̧ͷ㳡Ϸȥֻǰ̨棬֪ʱѾվһӰ
һɫ£ϵŵһ壬κһ˿װΣƵ֮У߷ֳ
쳾ɵۣ
쳾ɵۡ
ʱķɣվǰ³ӣǱˣǴ˼ˣ쳾ɵۡ
һͷ٣üһ쳾ӡǳ˿̣һףһɣȻɫ
λɣ
̧Ʈ̬ҲĶţ㳡ϲӣóˡ
䣬ˡ
һ£ƺΪ䣬ϣҲֻһˣ˳ƺӡ
쳾
ӿһӣһ껨ʱҲӳһֻź쳾ɵʱŻС
ֻϧ仨⣬ˮģ쳾ɵҲ⣬һǧ꣬һֱ쳾ɵ۶ֻǰÿ
Ŵʱ컨Ӱ£쳾ɵ۵ıӰһָ̣еһɬʧ䣬ˣÿһΣԼֻ˵һ仰תȥ
쳾ɵۣں쳾һҿǿøʢˣϲɵۣϲɵۡ
ÿ쳾ɵ۵ģҿһǽ꣬мˣ˷ڶ
ˣԶߣǰţ
ǡǲҪ˵
ӱ˵һ죬ֿ࣬Ǵʱɻں쳾󣬿ɳԼ˭Ϻ쳾ɵۣǣȴһֻ쳾쳾ȴʼղʺ쳾
λɣ˵Цˡ
쳾ɵţϵһ䣬ķϣ˫ϣʹü֮䣬ֶ˼־
˵Ц˿ɶģ
ɴЦϣϺȻһƬӰ£ʣͻȻƻ̧ۣͷһһǡ

в˶˳ƮƾɣҲټϹޣο⴫˵֮е


1655 
ڤ㣬ΪΪΪϹȻ
㳡棬˶¶ɫֻƽѼϹޣΪνգں쳾
ȵȡˣ
˿ƣ˸ţ˳Īλɵˣ
ء
֮ϣһ˫ԲʱƲ㷭ӿֹ·㳡ҲȻһɿ磬֦ҲһĴ׷ɣϵľ룬õҷɡ
⣬⡭
ɾһϹϹҲѼʱХ㳡ϵΣöᣬҷң˻æܣǱ
ء
·һǱӴܵӣƺȤ˫ȶԽԽ죬ʱƾ䣬֮߳׺·ĵ칬¥ҪĿηˡ
⣬⡭
㳡棬һЩҲöᣬΪǱ쳾ɵ治ɫʱ㳡ǰȥ˫΢΢һ̧һͷųȥ㳡ʱЪֹЩƮڰеľ룬Ѹٻָԭ˸˵ϡ
֪λѵá
쳾ɵۿǾ֮ϣ̬䣬ȻʣⷽԲ﷭ӿƲ㣬Ҳ
֮ϣƿǹ㳡ϣأǱɣһֱҲ̫ϲˣ쳾ɵ۵һ綼ҵң쳾ɵۿĪˡ
ḧ˸ë˵ڸҪԶˡ˵꣬ں쳾ɹһԾ£һ£Ҳȥ
㳡ϣʱܵһŹ㳡ЩˣвһĪЩƮƾˣ
ɵĿҲϣȻܵó˲Ʈƾɣһʺ쳾ܹһʺ쳾ƮƾģطѰ֮
¡

ɾһĿһϣǴһʺ쳾ɳƮƾɣҲ
ᴵصһ׷ļϣϡ
쳾ɵۿһ̣׹òŻع˵֪ӣں쳾Ϊ£
㳡棬Ҳعǣ쳾ɵۣڸղһµһ˲䣬ʧˡ
һ£𽥱ñ䣬·μһĪĵղһ˲ֱд쳾ɵۿŮӣֱڣĿⶼƿʱ㿴Լ
˱Ƿˣ֪
Ļӱӿеֻһɢصһ㳡棬ɶһ£ȻܵóʱɺϢ
ҲعΪɳˣ㲻ܵ쳾ɵ۵Ŀˣ˵ƣһʺ쳾ˣ˴ͬӣǰں쳾
ԣɾһȻһʺ쳾ˣһʺ쳾ˣܹƮƾҵں쳾ǳŴˣضͷҿô˵
ǰߣ˵£Ϊһ
Ŷ
ԣָеЩ棬˲ԶȴΪ˺һλ뷢׵ʵ֪λӣΪ
ں쳾һԻɳΪ֮ãɫʯ൱
㳡Ȼðֻᴵص仨ɶû뵽ȻΪɳ
Ǻǡ
ʱһһ£Цɻعȴ˹Ŀϣ֪ɳǺҪҪģ
˿ĿⲢδ϶ͣתƵ˺쳾ɵϣ˵֪д棬Կ롭쳾ɵܹ
⡭
Ŵԣ˾һ㶣֮ʱҲвɳħµħ棬ǰղк쳾ɵ۶ߣƮƾ꣬ȴûϢ
һЦûҸղŵĻɳܽκˣοһˡ
˵ֿ꣬ЦЦɳ쳾ɵ۲øκˣһ½ķˣ֪ڡ
ֳ£˶˵жףɳغź쳾ɵպɽ٣һɽʧܣþɳԼ
û˾ɳһɽʧܣûˣħҲΪպɽ١
ԭΪ쳾ɵۻֱӿھܾȴϣֻ֪ӣҪɳã
ԣһ㶣Ǳӣ˹ȥĿ˵ɫ
ȻҲ˵һͽǰб⣬ҵֵǧ٣٣Ҫô
Ŵԣ㳡һɽ۷׷ףǧ٣ǧ٣һߣǧ٣Ȼܹǧ٣⵲֮ˣҲš
ǧ٣쳾ɵϣһҲЩ΢΢仯ָܿ糣˵ɳҿܡ޷øӡ
𽥱ñ䣬Ҳͺ쳾ɵۣһƬֻ̺ΨдܹͽܣԡұҪõɳ
һնʱü֮ϣҲһХȻȶ˫Ʒӿ𣬸˽һѵҪǿɣ

һ·˹һ㳡ϵĿȻֹֻΪʲôˣһ粻˵δػǿɳһΪ֮ףȥɵ֮£δз
һ±øӱˣ쳾ɵӿȥһ䡭
쳾
飬ЩżѲɳ˲ɣɳǹغԼܷɽ١
쳾ɵۿ˵ͷʾ˻ȥһۣջ쳾ɵ۵Ļ˻ȥ
ֳգδ˶ȻʮֽţźһҲ˵ʲô
һֻ쳾ɵȥʱղԵԻһЩֻӣҪִþɳҲȫС
˴ɾһ쳾ɵ۴ίߣǴӦˣôһسŵɰɳˣԼɽˣǹغԼһ
쳾
ɫһ䣬֪Ȱ˵쳾ɵֻۣҪԼ飬ϣҲûκܹġ
źں쳾ɵ۵ΪˣԷ˿̣Ǳ˵˵ǵ԰Ѿɳó£Ҳֻþ䡣
ź쳾ɵһ飬Ȼ䣺쳾ɵۣ˵޷
쳾ɵǰ˽ľ룬ĿԣԿԷ룬ֻ쳾ɵۿڵҪɳͽҲǲܣܹ£ɳұضϡ


1656 
ܹ£ɳұضϡ
Ŵһ㳡һ±ðˣɶһ룬쳾ɵҪ£Žɳó£ضͬһ㣬ҿô˵
Ҳý쳾ɵ۵£ضɣǴĵѣҲƽ֮
ɫ䣬˵֪쳾ɵҪɵģ¡
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쳾һ£˫üһ壬ҲѸٸȥڳˣ˴˿˿ȥˡ
Ƭ̺󣬺쳾ɵ˺ɽһǰȻɺԣûһˮڳӵԱߣһʯ׭š¡֡
Ҳ˳Ӹ쳾ɵȥ˵˴Ϊ³ءÿ֮ҹˮڼǰ֪Ǻԭ³һҹɺˣӴûһˮʹעˮܿҲʧҳһá
쳾
һ£ѵҪŮ³ˮ
ң뵱꣬ҲΪ³طѾ񣬿Ҳûκΰ취һ³޹ʸɿˣעٶˮҲûãٳ棬ܿ죬ˮͻٴθɿݣҲˮ֮Ҳһź
ʱǸɿݵ³أҲ˴۷׷ףȻҲ֪³ظɿһ£쳾ɵ˸ְ취޷³ػָԭӣǵУȻҲ취նûá
һ£Ҫң³صˮ

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³صˮĲ˵ڳˣ˭ܹ쳾ɵԼ˼ʱ䣬Ҳκΰ취֮ˮʲô취
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ԣ˾һȥôʹӦˣѵа취äĿţ
쳾ɵ۵żһ£ٸӵڶ¡
⡭
ɱ˴ӣȴ˵ʲôںţЩվ쳾ɵۣðֻ£쳾ɵ۲˵ãǵʱ˭ʲô£
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ԡ
Щ˵ϣδԣҲδʣֱӱӦƲһҲǵ³޷ˮһ¹˭õڶʲôһ쳾ɵҪϵǳҲҪժ
쳾ɵ۵Ǳʱ䣬ʱ䣬취³أˮ
һʱɽδ뿪Ҫʲôɺ˼³أˮ
ڶʱƺѾ׼һУֻվ³Աߣ̧е״һɲǣӿŴɽԸܵһȵ£
ǡ
һ̣ϣ޲¶˾ɫֻ췭ӿƲ޸ˮк£ӵˮֱ³˽
ôᡭ
ԶҲһôϵ޸ˮ쳾ɵվһԣǲ꣬Ҳ¹ˮϧδܳŹһ̣ӵˮƾʧˡ
ʱ֣壬ôˮϪˮ³أȻûˮϪô򵥡
Ȼ֮䣬һɼǿӿɢ˳ֱ³ص͸ȥ³棬ϸСͬľ֮˵ѪֻЩήˣ쳾ɵǷˣ෽Ҳ޷޸³ص
ǿ
һ̣ɶס˺оеЩ𺳣ʲôˣΪξǿǴ˼ȴʤƮƾɡ
һΣ쳾ɵҲ΢΢仯ѵҪǿ޸³ص
ԽԽǿȻں쳾ɾϵҲգһ˫ۣһʱһХƺܸȤ
ʱ³صĳˮˣֻˮ΢ֹʱ羵һƽӳɽˮơ
⡭
ʵȻ³صĳˮʱһصĳˮ˿ûʧļΪ³صȻȫ޸
³»⸽Ҳǿ࣬ϢɾһøӲˡ
ôܡ
۽ǲţͺ쳾ɵ˼ʱ䣬Ҳ޷⣬һ⣬ʲôˣ
һ˲䣬ʱһ˿ʻ
һ£ˡ
쳾ɵȴأδع³صˮѵע֮𡭡
쳾ɵۣ㲻ʳ԰ɣ
Ƽ˵ʱڵ쳾ɵعЦ紺磺һ£ˣǵڶ£ûôˡ
ֳգ𽥱ýһ£ˣڶ£ʲô
쳾ɵۣ˵޷
Ӳ
쳾ɵһ˵ţһƮȻһɾȥˣҲ漴ȥ뿴һΣҪʲô⡣
Ƭ̺һͷ׵ɾֻɾ棬ɫʯһһɷǺÿȴһֱЩʯ򿴾˻þ
쳾ɵ۵˴ɾӣ롣
ǰȥһþǰ棬ڻþǰһøߴ֦ΧþֻȴѾήˣ滹һЩҲȫˣȻ޹⡣

ǰÿήĻϲ¶һ֮ɫң뵱꣬öôãȴȫήˣҲῪһ仨
ҲϢ˵֮УΣصǰῴǰһУˣ޵ˣˡ㣬ȴҲήˡ
һ̣У̲סȻˣҲ㣬кˣǵǰԵ
ƿǰήҲ㯣ֻ𣬽һС
쳾ɵ۵ΪѾήڶ£Ҫ취˴ٿ
ԣɶعʹ֮ǰѾ뵽ʲôɴʱҲ̲ס¶˾ɫѾήλٿ
ͬ˵ǰԶҲٻȥһܣ³صˮȴԶҲ޷ٿǣܹתʱգ죬صή֮ǰ


1657 
һ̣ڳ֮˽о룬ܹ³صˮܹٿ߼ѶȣͬնοҪٿȥҵıԴڡ
Уأһ֣˵ǣǺ쳾ɵۣҲ׶ǰ
˿ڣɾǰΧŵĻþڣһ֮󣬻жκϵ޷֪棬Ҳ޷֪档
쳾ɵ۵ҪٿΨнҵıԴ
һԣɾһȻˣҵıԴΣգȴѲ⣬޹ô쳾ɵҲûа취ٿ
ʱ˶һվһԣȻ̫˽Ӵ˿ɫпó棬ض쳣ô꣬Ϊκ쳾ɵԼ룿
쳾ɵۣеɻ󣬲֪ɷ񽲳
˿̣ǰ쳾ɵȥ΢΢̧̧֣λѣ˵޷
濴˿˵ЩΣգɷ쳾ɵۣ˵һЩ
һʣ˶Σգ˭֪򵥱ˣʱһЦǲңǻǲҪȥˣΣգҲǷܳܡ
쳾ɵ۵УΣĪڣһǰ䵱У޷԰Ρ
Ŵԣһ㶣Ȼˣ䣬˽Уܹ˯ģҲֻһ䣬֮Ҫѳ˯Դ
棬Ի䣬յģһ㲻쳾ɵԣԶУҲˡ
һأȫˣ鲻ɵ΢΢һ䣬쳾ɵȥգȷʵϣӿԷǡЩʱգ㡣
ˡ
תȥƻع˵ӣһȥ
档
̧̧֣ٶԣҲԥֱȥһ˲䣬ʧ棬ܿϢҲʧˡ
ʧĻþڣʱδعۺ䣬Ĭ쳾ɵվһԣʱ񣬿ȥȴһ˿˵ĸӡ

Уһǰ̽ѰɫʯЩʯ棬һĻĻֳģʵ֪Ǳ˵ǰ䣬ֻǻѡ
еʯ棬⻬羵߹ʱܹĵӰʱôһ˲䣬·𿴼Լһˣɵգ۹ʯϣ羵һֳģֻԼھеĵӰѡ
ȥʱ䣬棬ɵȻδ뿪˶ǻþΪֹҲûκٿļ棬Ҳûκζѵʧ
ڳ˵Ув˶СۣԶޱ飬һߣǷܹ룬ΪٸߣΣ
þڸţѾȥʱ䣬ȴûκζòʲô˰ɣϣ¡
쳾ɵҲǰԹкܹ˵
þУأþ죬ʱѾЩȴȻҵıԴںδ
Ŷ

ȻЩѣΣԺУ·ˣЩʱǸԼԼǾڲԶ
ޣѡȼӣƺϲţ˵ŶÿοʦóԵˣܸô
˭˭˵
ΧȥȴκӰֻ⸽ɫʯ浹ӳԼӰ
Ŷֺ֣Ϊʦ㣬Ѿ鳭дһٱ飬һ£ٳȥˡ

ءʦʦˡЩҩô࣬ҲûãǻΪʲôһҪŶ£Ҳûã͵͵

˭˭
ȻͷʹѣǰľģЩʯ棬ӳģԭӰһ̣ȴϹʱڣٻȣۣ񡭡һһУһĻһĻʯ档

һֻͷѵؼǰȥȻѾĬķľҲԵֵЩһĻһĻԺ
ҽоŶأô󣬾ֻһ𡭡
ңǰٻ֮񡭡

֪˶ãһ⻬羵ʯǰֳģ֮ǰһ·ĻֻǰһУģ𽥱ڸһЩĵӰıԴˡ
ҪʯĻ棬˷ܻ˯ļ䣬ֻҪıԴôҲٴʢˣֻǷ棬пܣԶҲ޷ٳڽ֮ǰ

̧ᴥǰֻüͷһ壬ԥŲһ̤ʯĻȥ
¡¡
̤һɲǣǰľȻ䣬ǻƽϹŰٻȣǿֲ׽ֻ֮Ϻƹŭӿڣ׽٣ȴµʮ٣
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¡һʹ£֮ܽˣȻǡ

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侲ܣܡǰһУãġãΪδʱһУʵ
ʱ棬ҲоˣȻ޷֪һУǸղ⸽һ£ıԴˡ
ҵˡ
϶¶˾ɫû뵽ȻҵıԴһˡ
˿̣쳾ɵҲҲҽıԴһȥûгĿܡ

棬ŬʹԼѹǰһУҵԴ֮Ԫһһ°档

һɲǣͷʹѣзǧЩϤİĻ棬Ժ︡֡
ӽǾŮˡ
ҪŶҪ󡭡ʦ
¡¡
Ů񣬽ȴΪһˣֵô
ʮ٣ܡ
ʦҪ

ֻؼѣصȻһһֿˣ棬޲ĿɿڴֻǰԭѾήʱ˿̣Ȼһһ䣬ˡ
⡭⣬
ɼֱţ³ˮھȻҲٿˣʲôˣ
ٿʱ쳾ɵҲڰ಻סʱ飬ѾȫˣȻܹٿ


1658 
ôܡ
Ҳȫɫδ˾Ȼܹٿˣ֮֮꣡꣬һ
ܡܣ޿ܣϾܴ֮ˣ춼˴ôܻ
𣿡
ʢ쳾ɵҲţλԴģӵĻȻУǡ
һɲǣ쳾ɵȻ뵽ʲôɫȻ䣬Ժ棬ϻʱԷ˵Ļһͽǰб⣬ҵֵǧ٣٣Ҫô
ǧ٣⣬٣ֻǡѵѵǣ
˿̣쳾ɵѾȫɫѵٿģеǸͽܡͽܣǡ
쳾ɵԽԽ侲Χɲû뵽˿뵽һ㣬˶ĿΪʱֻΪٿ𾪡

У˫̧ǰԼղ˻þĽƣһûдϣһߴĻӰþֵ
ء
Ŷ£ʦڡ
ءŶʦĻԺҲˣء
Ŷˣû¡ЩԺ󶼲ˡ
ءʦղΪʲôɱˡ
顭Ŷס
Ҳ𣿡
ȻŶߣʦȥ
ʦһֱžŶһֱھŶ𡭡
ȾŶԺ󳤴ˣʱ㲻Ҫʦˡ
ǾŶԶҲҪ󡣡

Ļɢȥ˫֣⸽ѾŵԴǸղšղ׽٣ΪΣΪȴʲôҲûз
𣿡
ѸתȥȻѾʲôҲûˣû˸ղǵһеĻӰҲûκλûκ
Ǵ˿̣ȴȻһȻʧ֮Уֹ꣬ˮΪδʱȴһ֮У·ǰ£Ŀ

棬ã·ħһɢĻ㣬ܹǰ֮£ǰ֮£־źֻ̲ס
ŴʱĻ㣬Ѿ̲סֻۣ𣬽һУǸСߵģĵСѾͷԸǣԸǣʹʹ࣬ҲԸǡ

һХͣ˴˿Լںδδס䣬ȻѾɱװΣȴҲزˣǰܾҪءɱԨ׼ţһһҲ
˿̣˱һͻĳХˣ׷ȥ˫ͨ죬߻ħӣ˶æȥȥ࿴һۡ
ѣСġ
ʱ쳾ɵѸԣְϣһע룬ʹѹ
ҡ
عղţղʱ̲סȥ⻨ȴһ㣬ˡ
쳾ɵת˵ʹ˳֮£λ˺ʳĻ㡭߻ħ֮ա
˵֮ʱһӰӻþ˳ɼӣ̲סһĪת
쳾ɵ۴ʱ񣬷һЩ仯֮Уȴһ˿ӣֻ֣һ仨ժȥ
Сģ
Ҫժ쳾ɵۼæֹӵģ⻨о綾ǧ򲻿ɱĴ̴ˣ
û¡
̧ӣָСȥժϵĻһĻ쳾ɵź۾Ҳգһ£Ĵˣֱ˳ժһ仨˿ַŻȥ
ԶӼ˹еֱָ죬Ǻÿ¡
£ЩӣһԪСİ
һУ쳾ɵȥڶ£Ѿˣ֪£ΪΡ
쳾ɵۿˣҲǰ˳ˣ£Ȼ򵥣²ôˡ
Ƶ£쳾ɵ۲ΪѰɣ
Ȼ
쳾ɵĿϣãڿڵҪҵ£һһ
һɲǣɾޱȰɽԴľɣԼǲˣ
ǧ쳾ɵʼһˣƮƾЩ֪жӷİȴһֻɣȴ쳾֮£գȻȻҪһŮӣΪ£
ԶҲȫסˣؿ쳾


1659 Ʋ֮
һ±ýƶ֪˵ʲôˣʵû뵽쳾ɵ£Ȼˣֿժǳֱժǳѣ
ɶĿһϣȻʼգɫûбһ¡ⲻɸеԾֻһ򵥵ӷŮӣھ֮ʱ̩Ȼ
˿ֳ򶨣ûں쳾ɵ֮⣬ֻǰߣ˵ȻΪʹƽ֮ӿҽһԾʤˣֱӴ߾ɳӰˣ밴Լɳͬøӡ
Ŵԣڳ˷滺һ΢Щ쳾ɵۣƽԾҲȷʵƽӮˣֱӴ߾ɳˣȻõɳ
֮۽Σܹõɳܷ뿪ں쳾ҪԼıˣȻҲѡʱǺ׼
ʱ쳾ɵۿһЦʱ䣬ӿԿ֮ӻ׼ʱ䣬Щ޷
˵ʱɫɣһصӣƲʼȻ֪Ϊɲ⣬ǰˣں쳾˰
Ǵ˵˱գȥ⣬Ʈƾ쳾ɵֻۣѣ˵ĻֻҲĶ֡
ӡ
һ̣ǽŵȥ˵ʲôֹʶãҲѾˣôգԺԥؽУֻǡ
Ȼδ˼ϣƵصգձɡ
ӣ
ƶȻһôʹӦˣ붼ɲģһˣǡ
á
쳾ɵ¶ЦʱԶӵ飬ɷŭԹޡˣֻһ䣬ȥˣ˴ʱע⣬ں쳾ɵۺϣҲûע⵽ȥ
ӣ
쳾ɵ̧̧֣漴򸽽˿ȥ˵ҲλԺƲ̨ڴˣ֤
Ƭ̺ں쳾ɾ̨һ޴ƽ̨ܽԲ󷨣涷ȴΧݻˡ
ӣ롣
̨֮ϣ쳾ɵ̧̧֣ȥһɽһһ죬һһɽԣһȥ
콣ʱ˷̨һɲǣɫӰΧˡ
ÿĽ
߹ս֮˾еһϣû뵽һ֣˼ң쳾ɵۼԷͣʱҲԥ΢һһǰʱһɽ
ƴ˽˫ѩף⣬Ψ洦һ⣬ȥʮֲں쳾

˵ĽʱһʹȻʮر｣䣬Ӱ޺ۣ쳾ɵʹΪڽ׽侫֮һʱ䣬ƾУѷָ¡
ԶˣȴǿԽԽţģҲ˵Ľֻ̨֮ϣ˵ĽԽԽ죬ص̨϶˵ĽӰ֮ڶ

һ죬쳾ɵһͦں쳾Ϲž񽣣Ľʮ֮ǿؽһˣһȴδǿеֵ
쳾ɵۼ״ջں쳾δ׷˵ӸմҪȻպӻָԪٱȰɡ
˾룬쳾ɵ۵Ҳǳ֮Σˣ³صˮķȥ棬ٿȻļ󣬴˿̶ԾԣȷʵǼΪƽǴսȴַǶϷ˫ȫԸȻԪδָ쳾ɵҲ֡
Ȼƺô飬Ӱһһȥˡ
δ䣬ѵǰ쳾ɵ۲Ҵ⣬ὣ࿹˵ĽֶһһΣ˱ƴ˸ڽעһһ춯صʹԶҲʱ˼Ѫӿֹ
¡¡
˶Ƭ̨֮Ѿ𵴲ݣ˵̫ǿѾԶԶ̨ܳܵļޣΧʮ󷨣ʱбĿܣһ󷨱˵Ŀֲȥһ˲䣬ܽ⸽ʮΪƽء
˺󣡡
ۼɫһ䣬ѸԶȥֻƻվԭһŵؿ̨϶˶źһֱ
䣡
һϣʱ÷ԲƲ㷭ӿֹһɲǣ̨ڳܲסˣм䣬ѿһɳѺۣҪٶȥ̨ȻķѣĹ¥Ҳݻ١
ƺʶ⣬ʱĬһ㣬ͬʱϷȥȥ˼ˡ
˴̨֮ϣһ·ȥӿؼ䣬˶˵Ŀ½
ڳɣ޲ĿɿڴµⷲŮӲ򵥣Ҳû뵽Ȼ֮ǿ쳾ɵ۽˰У˿ãҪ֪ǵһں쳾ɵйʮеˣ¶ѡ
ء
ʱһХֻԶ˹˫һȣһɿȻ쳾ɵ۹ȥ
Ϲ֮һ𣬾Ǻ쳾ɵۣҲɵһˣعͷȥҪ֡
ءգһ˫ۿƺǲ⣬Ҳֹͣȶ
ֶһ𣬵󣬾Ǿ֮ϷȥһֱɵƲ֮ĵطѾˣҲûз磬һƬţ·棬УʱѾ붯ҲȥˣҲǴ˵ľɡ
쳾ɵ۵ӵ治𣿡û˵ʱȻĽѾ˺쳾ɵ۴𰸡
쳾ɵֵӳԵδҿԵȣʮ꣬꣬Եȡ
ҲӦ㡣
һΣ˵ȥ㿪ڴˣ˾ӣ쳾ɵ۲ɵÿЦһ̧еں쳾ǡǸӣðˡ
£ֻһָ죬һɲǣǱ棬һϢں쳾ڣһ˲䱩Ȼӽ֮
ǣ
Զվϣ۾֮ɫ˴Ѱ֮ѾϲǳģʱһĻȻһģһ
Ʈƾĺ쳾ɵֻۣһѣĺ쳾ɵۣգȥ⡭ǰ쳾ɵֶۣͨΣı֮
˴ؽԶ±ߣ·֮Ҳ췣ˣ
һ˲䣬ʱȻһ˲䣬ֻ쳾ɵȫƣȫһˣʱɢϢǡ֮ǿߵϢ


1660 ħ
ǡɫ󾪣ϢǾ⡭λ쳾ɵ۵Ϣ
Ȱ
ֻ쳾ɵ˲Ϣ۶һնȥ֮ƣȻأȻ˴޷ҲƣûǿŰŭӿ֮ɴʱ쳾ɵһȴһ㣬ƴʱüԶɱǽһҲֻеѣѪڲֹ
ӣ
ɫ󾪣Ƿ֮ȻʱǶ֮Ľ£˿޷һ˲³
Сȥ
æ֮£Ƽһ䣬Ҳ֪ܷĻֻգ˫ۣһԶһĻƺδȥæ
ӣ㵱Ҫһ𣿡
֮ϣ쳾ɵ˽ƣǲԸȻʼգԴʱɷ֮ǿߵϢɫδб
ʱĺ쳾ɵۣûȫﵽ֮ϢȷʵǷ֮ǿ߲еϢȻǾϢ
Ҳա
ۼ޶ԣ쳾ɵ̾һٴηſƣֻһܣ
һɲǣ֮ƣƲɵɫ䣬˫ĿԲȴֻһնȥ֮˵ǿֲ±ߣһ췣
ǧɡɣһԽԽȻһɾ֮ʱȻ֮䣬ĳ־ָһ͵سüĵȥĿһ˲䣬ɲǹƽһ
һ̣̫飬ֻе䣬Ȼһ壬ʱ䣬ֹͣת
ӵУȫķΪ񡣡
ӽ֣Ů
ɲǼ䣬ǰĿȻ۾ʱ˫ͫ׵һ֮ӰʱϹϢ
ǡ
쳾ɵɫȻһ䣬ţԶҲסˣֻһһɲǣͻȻ˸ˣһһֱ쳾ɵնһȥ
飡
վһ쳾ɵ۶ʱȫһһƴƾҲһ𣬡ۡһѪӿˣֱ׹ȥ
Զʯһ㣬ĿɿڴһƣֻһƱ˺쳾ɵۣѵ̤뷽ֻ֮±ߵؽ̫ǿ˴ؽƣûôǿ

ʱͻȻȫһͫ֮ӰѸʧˣһֻ̣ɫɷףۡһҲһѪӿ˳
ӣ
ɫһ䣬ʱҲô࣬һ·˹ȥסӣ
ʱһѾʧˣϹϢҲûˣֻһʱЩ벻ףղŽ⿪ķӡ֮ʲôȻԼ˿Ҳܵصķɡ
û¡
Ѹٻָ˹濴˿쳾ɵ۸ղűһˣȥ
Ѹٻص±ں쳾ɾֻ̨֮ϣ̳ڸɶȻʧɫղǿ쳾ɵ׹̨ҵó죬ʱּƮȻ£˸һǲ֪ղƲ֮Ϸ˺£ʤУض˵ʲôˡ
ȡȿȣ
ֻ쳾ɵ̨ϵʯվؿڣǺ·ϻմѪѲǳ̬֮ȥЩǱ
쳾ɵۡɶסˣ쳾ɵ۾ȻܣǰܸһŮӣôܡ
ȥȻʱҲЩɫ԰ףҲǳǳѪ˴ʱȴ޲һӷΪ̤εȾ磬ƮƾҲҲֳ
ɵۡɵۣ
ʱԶһһӰ䵽̨֮ϣ̼仯һŮһŮ
˫正Ѱ֮ˣǺ쳾ɵۡ˫Ľ飬ŮŮ
˿̣ŮŲԶŮһŵطź쳾ɵۣѽĽ飬ԽȻ෴콣ɱأ飬ལ飬ͣ
ȡû£¡
쳾ɵ̧̧֣ŲԶЦһӣʤˡ
̨һ±Ϊɶګګ쳾ɵ۰ˣȻˡ
Լɳҵӡ
쳾ɵ۵Ҳ䣬ʳ֮ˣ˵꣬ȥѺ쳾򿪡
ɵۡ
üͷһ壬ȻԸú쳾ɵóɳ쳾ɵ۵ȣʧˣȥ
ǡ
գ飬ֻһӰ쳾ķȥˡ쳾ɵתӣ
Ƭ̺쳾棬Ҳź쳾ɵ۵ı⣬䱦ֻȴδ˼ʶ
ǱҲһɾһ㣬򿪵һ˲䣬϶ʱϼڣһʺ磬ɿ񣬴ʱܵϹ䱦Ϣɵ۱⣬Ȼ鴫ˡ
쳾ɵ۵ȡɳʮСģܲ𵴣ԺƬ̣ҽɳ
˵գϷ˫һһǱעȥһ̣ɶϢ۾Ҳգһ£뿴ɳǺε©һۡ
˵ɳ̫ʱڣһö֮ʯǳ֮ɣϹżһֱ۵ı⵱У֪ô˼ˡ
ϢһգգؿţڣǱϷ߲⻪ֳһɲǣһɳϢʱں쳾ɾʱھ֮ϵضſ
һ̣ɸ۾ֻ쳾ɵ˫һ߲ʹâڴӱֳֻǹ״߲ɳһɻϢ
ǱǾɳ
ɽһ˵еľɳܹܹ̫ǳľһһ䱦쳾ɵܹԼ׳ȷʵһŵȳʧˡ
˿ֻ̣쳾ɵСͷҲһ㺹飬ɳͬСɣȻȡһܵ˿𵴣ɢؼ䣬ع֮
ҲŵĿţʱһڸ˽֮ʱں쳾ɾ棬ȻһɾϢʱڳһʲôˡ
ͺʱ壬ȫƣ˺쳾ɵԣʱǵϢѾԽԽ쳾ɵ۲üͷһ壺ǳȥ
Ȼδ䣬ȴͻȻһЦ֮쳾ɵۣǰҲϽɳңħ¿꣬ȴҪɳˣ
ħ棡
ڳɣһ˲ɫɿֲϢ£Ĳ쳾ɵҲüͷһ壬ħ棬ؿЩ鷳ˡ


1661 쳾
ܿ죬һӰѾǿϢڳ˽Ըеֻ뷢ףһۣһ޵֮ˣü֮ϣȴһɫħӡƵǵħħ
࡭ħ棡
ڳ˶ǶԷʱɢϢѹڳˡ
վԣʱҲס˺ˣǿϢħħƵǵòǵħ˫ްɣ
÷ߣƮƾ֮ŷɥħ棬˵޵֮ˣƫƫħ˵ħ֮ˣһȴֱ֮˻Ҫ
УֻħһɨӺ쳾ﻺľɳ飬𽥱øΪ˵õɳ˲ٹ򣬿ȴǹһ
ǽգʧˣһɲǣֻ𽥱ú쳾ɵ۵ħ棬꣬ҿɴûŵҪɳ㣬ҽգѽɳӣ˵Ļǲջء

ԣħ淴һЦһЦ쳾ɵۣҽտɲⶫø˭ģɳ²òˡ
һ˵꣬ԶʣӰһӣЮһˡ
ӣ
ڳ˽һʱˣħͽܣһ쳣ߴ֮ˣһĵĺŮӣһŰаӣʱаܣǱӡ
䣡
쳾ɵɫ΢΢һ䣬ܿħ棺֮ĶԹαǣˣ

ħͷһЦ쳾ɵۣɾӣаˣֶˣɳңǱʬ
ڳˣһħɱ˲գۣ˻Σ
䣡
쳾Ȼѱħ˹ʱаţ˿á
Ǻǡ
аЦЦ˵쳾ɵۣǹԹǾɳԹԽĻһ֮ǰãܡɺͷ˳űѩ׵ľϣһֱߡ
쳾ɵ˫ĿԲʱȴ޷־ˣԭħǴɳ֮ǰԹ޵ȥȥû߶Զȴײ
ħۣ䲻Σ쳾ɵۣôǾǼȡ
ձ˪ʮֽţڳ˶ϢжʱóӺͺ쳾ɵ۹ϵǳɳֻһݣֻº쳾ɵΪ˾ˣòѾɳħ档
֮ʱȴ쳾ɵҡҡͷɳѾӦøӣձðвңҲûá
˵ʲô
δܴﵽԤڣħŭɫ쳾ɵۣΪ˵Цǲǣһ飬ٻشңɳǲ
쳾ɵһԴʣɳҲ㡣
һ̣ڳ˶סˣɿűħҲѾɳȥˣ˶ף쳾ɵһԳУվ㲻ֻҪӦˣ㲻ٰѾɳøˡ
쳾
ģ˫棬һ߱ģģԸѾɳǸŮӣҲԸԼô
ܺã
ħŭһ죬նסӵĺһ½˹쳾ɵɫһ䣺䣡
һ飬ɳǲ
ħ£ͻȻһɱڳˣԸеһ
ǺǺǣ
ڸ˽֮ʱȴӺȻЦһٱҲûãˣɱҰɣǺǺǺǡ
ЦУȴǲţʧԹҲûˣеֻʧ·⳾һУԣѾȻζˣ˵ãһ˰ˡ
䡭
쳾ɵ˫ԲʱٳԼŭħ棬һֻ̣ħ䣬صãұɱ㣡£һ̧ƣ͵ͷȥ
䣡
쳾ɵɫ䣬һ죬˲һ顱һħһƵֵסˡ
Ȼֻôһ£ǱϷľɳЩɢȥԪһæɳȹסˡ
ڳɣס˺ղһ£գգɳҲգȴȫɺ쳾ɵһ˳š
һֻ̣쳾ɵñصħ棬ħں쳾Ѿల£գһ֣쳾ض̤ħ£
һɲǣձñ˪׹̶ֻеһɵ֮⣬жֻ쳾ɵ溮˪˴δʱµӣ֮ʱңѣΪҲʮͣ˿ɱصɱ
ղԳơ쳾ˣ˶Ѿˣı쳾֪֣ҲѾܾûˣƮƾˣ쳾ɵۡ
һ̣ħͽܣҲ˵ĵ֮⣬쳾ɵ۵ʵɲ⡣

Ȼһ̣ȴɫһףﴫһƺߣǿнһѪȥԭһ˵òᣬʱһ֧žɳһߵֵħĹǣơ
ɵۣ
Աͺһħһ¿ԭǿ֧ţЦ쳾ɵۣԭôصˣô˵
һɲǣֻħɱŨа˼⣬յҲôʱȥ쳾ɵۣʱ
ֻһ˲仯һâȻ쳾ɵɱȥһ»˫˺쳾ɵңȻƾֻǧеĽ飬εֵס̫徳ħ棿
˵ǵֵסħ棬˼ֵסһЩΪԵ֮ˣֱӱħĿ磬Ʒ˳ȥ
ҲܲסϢ⡱ȥħϮһ˲䣬һһӰ赲ȴ֪ʱ˺쳾ɵǰߣħһ
ӡ
쳾ɵЩɫҰףɫҲòȥֻĿħϣصþɳˣԸ
ħ˫ĿһаĪǱ쳾ɵ˵֮أ¿ƺҲ˲ˣõúܣõúܣˣ˭ס
رɡ𣡡
ͻȻħ˫һ̧ƾɰ˷ԪΪãһʱŭӿȻһУֱȥ־ǲһ˿أ
أһɲǣ淨Ĭģ֣ģ顱һ˶˲䣬ʱ쳾ɽһɣڳ֮ˣ޲һ˳ȥ


1662 
һ֮ǿȴȫħ֮⣬ɻŮӾǺ֮ʱδ˵ôһˣѵǴӹŽĵط
ӣô
ԶǽţȥһϾ֮ǰƲ֮⣬˶δܷɣȴʱ룬Ҳͺ쳾ɵһǿ֧Űˣһħ濴ʵֻ²
޷㿴ʱ±ӡ
ɫʱȷʵǿţ֮ǰǾ֮ϣóȻ⿪ӡ֮𣬶ղǿħһƶϣʱϢЩңֻδ¶ѡ
üͷ壬Զаŵıӿ˿ӣǰһֱӣȴȥҲ޹֣ħͽȻʹ쳾ɵ۷񣬵ھɳȴǳκβ
˿̣Ʊһ㺹ˮ취±ӣֻħͽţΪԼ֮£óȻȥֻЩΣգ˵Ǳ쳾ɵ۷ĻǾʹˡ
ʱԶľں쳾࣬˿ȴһ˸ǰ±Ӵʱ֣Ҳ˸ȥȣǲָЩܹæˡ
һߣ쳾ɵСɳһֻ飬ң粽롣
Уħ˫Ŀһа˼⣬ŮΪͣں쳾ɵȡɳ֮ǰ취ʰˣһ˶ѾˣҲöԸ
˼⼰ˣԥ˫һ֮ϣһɫԪ֮ϣȴһɫħԪԶɽһǡԪ߷ħԪ
ӡСģ
쳾ɵ֪ħԪ߷ħԪ϶Ϊһȡɳ֮࣬Բȥһѡ
һ˲䣬ħԪ߷ħԪָһ£Ҳ˲һ֮ⱻħ߷ħԪˡ
飡
Ƽâٽӣħ㾡ħ˫޵ȫһʱħԪӿں쳾ɾһʱ𵴲ѡ
ڳˣΪ֮һȥ֣֮жƮһߵֿħԪ߷ħԪһŻѰҼ϶ʮָشˡ
ʦģ
ħͽܣҲʮֽţħܲСģ룬ⱻָˡ
˿Ƭ̣⸽̳𵴲ѣʱͻȻɫһףո֮һɢˣȻܷɣѾǿѹˡ
ûᡭ
ħ񣬼ƷʱʱֻȻһ߹ڽԪ߷ħԪ϶ΪһɲǼ
ӣ
ܵħһ˲䶸ɱ쳾ɵһʱȴ޷ڿȥ֧ԮԷһߣҲϵűӣԽˣɳԽǳٳȡ
ء
һ̣֮ϣȻһХһƬӰ֪ķ˻
ֻ˫һ𣬶ʱһڳ֮ˣвվȣεöᡣ
ħղŹԪ߷ħԪҲϹɢˣһϹޣڴˣ
ۼħ治ԥͽܴȥ취ߣ
ѸٷӦһɲǣ׼ᣬһ˲аǰһƷȥ顱һؿڣʱȫһȥŵıӣҲһ˳ȥ
Ƹԥ˲סӣһչԶȥص棬ָһϼѨ⿪ϵķӡʵû°ɣ
ϱһֵ飬أԴżԹޣ˵Ҫܡ
˫ü΢ȻҲԣʱѾħͽ𴦣ȴδָħɱһ֣߷ħԪپۣһ˲ֳȥ
Сģ
ɫһʱ˲ñӣһ˲Ǳ߷ȥֻ徳ΪȻͨʮֵܵסħԪ߷ħԪֻһҪǣ
Ȼ֪֪Ϊһ˲䵲ǰ˫ֽӡͬʱҧ⣬һھѪ֪ͨʮʲôһɲǣǰȻһѪӡ䡱һǵֵסħһ
ɱϾʵ⣬ͨʮϹ飬ҲħһѣһѪһ󵹷˳ȥͨʮղһ£Ѿ
ơ
һ죬ס׹֮ƣͬʱһƷ顱һɢħһ£ҲһɫȥӲ԰ˡ
Զ˶ɤۣǰͺ쳾ɵ۶ȴ˫˫ˣҪȻħ˿ӣǺá
ߡ㻹ܳżء
ħ˫һ𣬽ⷽԲʮԪԾ˹һ˲䣬һɺɫӡ߷ħԪ͵سȥһɲǼ䣬ƾ䣬ʧɫ
ӣ
쳾ɵȻһһУħѧ֮һѻơ֮ˣٸߵĵУҲضش
һУħıɱ֮УԶˣԱɫֻϢһҪپ֮ɵﴫһʹȴò˲ɢˡ
ħһѻƣ˲Ϣ˿أ䡱һǸʱһ޲¶ɫ쳾ɢȥ֮ʱȴ˿վԭأǰһӰħǰԾһơ
ǣǡ
ڳ֮ˣĿ¶ɫֻվǰˣһͷ׷Ȼֻƾһ֣㽫ħֵסˣϸ֮£˾Ȼһ꣡

عǰӰһɲǣȴȻɫһ䣬ɻϢ


1663 
ţ
ħһǰ⾿ʲôˣһ½ѻƵҴʱԷȥƺûʲô
ѵǡ
Զ˽Ŀ֮ɫһ˲ֵĻ꣬ѵ֮ǰ˵ͽܣԱǧ٣٣ֻʣ»ǵͽܡ
ߣҵҪһ꣬кα£
һɲǼ䣬ħħԪ֮ǿ߷֣صһУȻֹȥԲʮʱӿ޷
ȻȴǻӰһ̧һ˲䣬ʱһ羲ˣҲֹˣǿޱȵħԪ֮һɲǣʧһ
Զˣز£ôᣬһѾǿ𣬽ǺεΪѵǷ֮
ħȻҲδϵǰһ֮꣬ǿ⵽ʲôˣʱ룬ħԪһΧʱ̷Ȼȴ޷Էֺ
⣬յ𡭡
ʱڳһһֻ̣ǻӰһ̧ħδӦʱشһѪһ󵹷˳ȥ
ˣΣɷϵǣһ֮ǿΪ̤̫徳磬Եֿ
Զ˶ĿɿڴһħͽܼһĻҲţ䣬ȥһ˲˻ħס
ʦ
һӰתģȷʵʱһӰʧˣжжȥδ˿ĺۼϢʱǰֻɱģûκλϢ
һ̣ͻȻʧһһؿţѾʲôҲûеգ
Զ쳾ɵҲ޷ţղһӰѵǸͽ֮ǰĪ
ߣ
ħɫɷףȷʵǴˣɴʱѾˣʱ˹ָֻ»˿̵ϣ˿ԥͽܣʱʶˡ
绺ֳɰޱȣ˶Ȼ쳾ɵҲڽɳȡˣʱ߷˹
عٶ룬̷ɵߣԪһؿϡ
һ£һںѪӿħ߷ħԪˣʱѾħԪˡ
ӡ𶯣
쳾ɵһ˲˴ָһϼѨ漴ȡһöҩ¡
ħ߷ħԪóȻԪֻʵ䷴쳾ɵһ˵ţһȥղһĻڻЩš
ƵƴϺ󣬺쳾ɵǱ߷˹ȥ䣬
ҡû¡
˵ʲôȴֻǵͷȥԹޣɴʱ쳾ɵ۷ɹһʱĹȴ̲סֻ˵Ŀɬˡ
һ̧ͷԶֻղһĻʱȻٽԷһͨˣ˺ͽܣʲôˣղһشħ棬ʵš

죬ں쳾ɵۺͱ£ϵ߷ħԪѾȥֻǱħһشƴŻЩʱղָܻ
ȡȿȡ
գƵɫЩɷףЦΪ̫ͣһˡ˴̧ͷãϹ¶;ɳˣֻʣ֮Ȫֻ֮ˣӦһ𣬶һʺ쳾֮ء
δǿţһͬȥ֮ء
ǡ
Щԥδһͬȥ֮صĻȷʵ۶Է˵֮أϵ壬µʱһˣ
޷ƻָʱҪǡ
ˡҲáƲٶԣ̫أжֻܵƺЩ˵
ڼ֮أһλ֣ӵλֻ֣һֱ߼ɡ壬ֱũɽһϣ活һ壬˻塭
˿̣ƽ֪ģȫ˵˳֮ĬȻũŮ洣ˡĺô
ħңΪսң˽磬սƽϢص磬һ֣Ȼ˼䣬ˡǵʹ
ʱһʵ룬ֻ쳾ɵ˽˿ֽŵȻҲֻ˵ЩϹʱĴ˵ˣڵǷ˼䣬ǷңԼȵȡЩ֪
󣬺쳾ɵƿ˿תͷղС˵ûڼ֮ػ֮ȪѾãǲ׽ӣʱӣǺú˵ˡ
ЩҲ룬ֻȹȥ˵ˣһ㶯̣ȥԭԶ֮أգִܵ

Ѿһʺ쳾ļ֮أ˵֮غ󣬱ǡɿླɿླ棬ԻƮƾħ쳾ɵЩˣȥɿླ
ʱǰ棬ֻ仨һƬϼã˵λѾˣϹϢ̫ǿĻע⣬㲻ٳǰУ˵СϣҪ⸽ˡ˵꣬һԾӢͷ׵λƮȥ
棬ֻﻨ񣬷紵ʱĻ裬һ㣬̸ܵһϢϢƵϢ֮Ȫλˡ
ס
ͷָᴥؿڵֻ񣬵Ȼ޷ӦĻϢں쳾һӰȴֲƣǣֳԼΪʦ
ݣ
Գ֮ʣԶȻһ˲عָһһסǷȴһ֧̲żǿĽѰ֮ˣֻ±һ֮ˡ
ηСˣ


1664 Ѫʬ
ηСˣ
˪ָһӣݡһ֧˳ȥһΣľ׷ɣҶ£ֻ⸽ȻʮӰΪ׵ģһ˫ɫͫ׵ӡ
Ѱ֮˲ͬӡǣһŽ𹭣ϢΪղһ
ǰЩˣɱ䣬ǽͫӿһЦôһΣһ
֪˵ʲôʲôˣιȥ·
ߣ
ǽͫһߣЦ֪ʣܿ죬ͻ֪ʲôˡһ˵ָ꣬һ乭ǲɷ˵һȥ
ݣ
һΣһǼâ˲ϢһԭһӰɲǼ֧֧ܿȴƲѪ飬ڰһ¼תֳȥ
ٶʱʮˣҲɷ˵˹𷨱ɽʩչ׻𣬹ʮ͡
Ƭ̣ѾµЩ˶ˣóȻλ֣ӦһЩᡣ
ݣ
ĽâҴܣȴһܹǽͫӲüͷһ壬ʲôˣѸݣ˼֮࣬⸽Ӱʵʵ飬ʵʵǶʮȫȻֱ治ˡ
סҸ磬⣬˺ҪȳˣͷЩ
мۼУѸ˽ͫߣʱֻڶǵĹδֹĻʮˣܳŵƬ̣
ߣҵҪǺηʥ
ͫһ䣬ٴ乭һɲǣֻü֮Ȼһɫƣ£гɫĻǰѽ𹭣ͻȻһɿֱȥǶʮˣԸеһϡ
ףҸ硭
Ƕʮ˽һȻܵõʱҶȻǿһԶɽһϵѪ֮УٱˣһֻԽԽ鷳
Ȼ֮ʣԶȻһңס֣
磿
ǽͫͣڴʱֻԶһӰҲһһ˫ĳɫͫףģƣͬǣ˿ȥ࣬ҲԴһЩ
ҡͣ£Ҫ񣡡
һ·˹ͫӰͷԣ˵磬ǹġ

λйأο֣ǻվ˵꣬ת˹֣λӣǸһ³çղŶð
ϵƣ˵ũɽһϵˡ
æδüӽܣɽŲģܣҡң㻹񣡡
⡭ʲôʲô
ǰǽͫһȻͷ˿ֿ˿ԱߵĶ磬СղǴӹǱ߹ġ
ֵܣһңһģũɽˣʱĻعͷٴ˹֣ЩεЦǸӣܣһˣӭӣȴû뵽һͿϳɵˡ
ţ
ֵܶˣĪ֪ԼҪô£Ľ͵մף˵λҪ֮λ֣˵ıˣ֪γƺ

ԭӡĹ˹֣˵ףռһʮ׼ȷӴ˴ǰλ֣Ѱŵأӣ
ٶԣֵܶλȥˣ㵽ԼҪΪλ˴ɣĪǳʲôʣղ˵ʲô֮ȥ˵
һͻȻԴǸӣղŲ˼û°ɣ
š
΢΢ͷûжԣһ·ϣ⸽ϢλֵϢȷʵͬѰǲ֪ΪΣȴָһ˵ĸо֮Ȫֻϣ⡣

ͬʱĳһ֪ĵطŵɭϣڵſǰվӰһ֮ǰֻ̫صǿߣһӣˣ˴ˡ
ڵǰվãʵȥ򣬿Ѿ
ӵǰһȥƮƾں쳾õ˾ɳڡѾȥһʺ쳾ļ֮ء
֮ء
Ŀ΢΢΢ͷǣΪֻȥλѾȥˣڡֻڤʥˡ
š
΢΢ףǰŵȥĿ͸һ˿η֮ɫãŵߡ
ŵȥˣʱȴԭһ磬ڽһߣѪ͸һŨŨѪ֮ΪٸߵˣҲһɵ֮⡣
ӵ֮ǰѾ֮ѪΪؽգڤʥѾˣ常ڽȥ𣿡
߳ĬѪġѪʬ硱һ˵ĵڤʥǳµĴڣһΣɽ˶ԸԲòȥѪʬڤʥ
߰ɡգָֻһȫһǽ̤ȥ
һѪʬ磬ʱһͷƤХֻѪʬѪɫģŵȫѪʱĹХǴѪﴫֻѪʬֱۣģȥֲ
ӸеͷƤ飬ֻ뾡뿪ط˼ӿ˲һʬɽǰȥֻɽ˺ǣѪһѪ֮ʱ
ӣѪʬ磬ν£
ʱʬɽȻһ߻һϥȥӣɷʬڤλǰ
ǡ˵ɣʲô飬Ҫ鷳Һʦˣʬɽִһаȵ
ӱ亹乣ŬʹԼ˵˴ΣλǰɽԸһˡ
Ŷ
Ȼ䣬һѪܵɵǰЦʲôˣҪҺʦֶԸ˼ôأʦֳȥȻҲա˵˵ʲôˣֵֵãʦֳȥ
ԴʱʬڤϢѹȣ岻زˡʮ
Ŷ˵˵ж
ѪΧӷȥǲΪȻһĭ亹ֱ˵졭۶
ʲô
ʬɽ˲ɳһӰɷڣڤʥġɷҲǡʬڤʦ֡
ʬڤҲӰлһѪӰɷԣ˶һۣ۶ȡãؽͻǧ


1665 ֮Ȫֻ
ӵϥڵϣҳվһԣҲ˵һɷʬڤӣԣ󡭡
ǧȷ
Ӳ˿ԥæͷ֪Ѿǰһʺ쳾֮أλˡ
ǺǡʬڤɭɭһЦɺͷԱɷȥʦ֣ΪΡ
ɷĬԣȻ֪£ûô򵥣ӸܵʱĿ⣬ϣһֻ̫صԣʮҪĶұ뽫ȡأһΣѪʬ磬Ŷλǰ
ǺǡʬڤЦЦ˵㲻˺£ա

λ֣һɵأ˴ľ죬ƽлϹ󷨣Щ󷨣඼ʧȥȻһ֮С
ΪĿģƵľ޴ʯʯϹŴˡũŮ洡
ӣ롣ǰ棬һ֣Ե㿴ǱǷˣũŮˡ
ʯ񣬸ƣһţվһֵܶˣȥ
棬ӳ棬Ҳʮΰ׳ۣɽ˼˽ʮֺΧ
㣬㡭ۣƯ
ɽɿɰŮһЩƤ꣬˴׷˹Ҹ磡ˣңϦַˣҪңӴ
Ҹ磬ȶִҵġףλ˭ôˡ
ʱŮΧؿǰЩŮԶЩϵˣᣬȥȴ˼ˡ
뵽֮ǰͻϣٿɽ˻ϣ活˶ͳѪҲ֮
ȿȡǲ񣬻ÿ
ʱȺ洫һɳƵһŮÿˣףţ
ֻȺߣһ׷ԲԵţľȣ·Щǣĺȥף
š
׷ɽĴףʱֻߵǰӡˡ
ǰλףһʱֻЩϤȴ˵˵ǰ֪ҽյ
šӣ
ףתɽȥһһƽɽ´ףŵӣһΪ֮Ȫֻɡ
һµԼĿģҲȣǷƵ΢΢ͷ˴ΣΪ֮ȪֻҲҪһͽܡ

֮󣬴ףԶߣƣ̾ǰι̾Ϣ

ףҡҡͷ˵áЩʱ򰡡
ţ
ԣ˫üһʱһ·ֵܶᵽ˹塢壬Īйأʵǰ˻
ףתͷ֮ȪֻѾǰɺԿήˡ
ʲô
üͷһ壬ֲʱȷʵܵһϢϢȴһ˵ĸоȻЩ⣬Ȼ֮ȪֻѾɺԿήˣԴԴϵϢǴӺζ
ףԶƿȥ˵ʵٶǰ֮ȪֻиɺԿή֮ʱ棬ɳһλΪļ˾λ˾ȥѰֹ֮ȪֻɺԿήİ취ȴһȥ񣬶Ѷ
˵˴ͣͣתǰʱ֮ȪֻѾɺԿήˣ֮ڻ֮ǵʱʥŮһ֧֮ġɰ󣬰
󣬴ףֻǲҡͷ֮̾ȪֻѾɺԿήˣȥʥŮ֮Ҳпݽ֮ʱ
֮üָܹ֮Ȫֻڿܹ֮Ȫֻ١
ǰ㣬ȥô
޷ӣɡ
£ף֮Ȫȥ;һ£ʵ֮ǰ˵֣ףǰɷ֪ô£
š
ף΢΢ͷ˵ͺ壬֮ȪֻѲһգɴҲ֪֮ȪֻǰѾɺԿήˣʱ䣬ֹͺ壬һЩطʿҲвλֵģĿģҲ֮Ȫֻйء
˵֮䣬ѾƼ֮ȪԶԶȥȪһ⸽ɲľʢ㣬ֻȪѾɺˮˡ
ȪϷֻԼ¥ߣǰ֦ҶïҲѾήˣһˣ˱ʥŮ
٣֮ϣΪƣ˫Ŀգ˫ύţܸŵ̵⻪ȥӵĴʥࡣ
ף˭ˡ
ʥŮᴫƷһԼףǰ˵ԵģӣԪŵض
Ԫŵء
ʥŮᶯƺ֪ԪŵأǰѾɺԵ֮ȪήֻϣʥޱȵʥŮһУʶ֮Уȴ˵
֮ȪֻѾɺԿήˣȫʥŮһ֧ţɾʥŮǿҲкľһ죬عףʵǰ֪֮ȪֻɺԿήԭ򣿡
⡭
ף룬һǰȥһ߻˵ɺԿή֮Ǵٶǰʼģ񡭡Ҳûҳκԭ
ô
ҲȥȪԱߣŴ˴ϢȪֻ¡޷泾Ҫΰ죿
һɲǣȻܵһ˿쳣ϢϢƺǴȪߴ
һȪȥϢҲԽԽǿˣʱֻϣʥŮȻִӣСġҪٹȥˡ
ţ
漴ͣ쳣ϢڣʱףȪĺ棬Ȼɫһף૵ֳˡ


1666 ֮
ʲôԶһʵ
ף˼Ƭ̣˵֮ҲٶǰֵģÿЩ꣬һΣãֻʧ
֮
һǺ֮У֪ʲôʶ޷棬ܹоһΣյϢ
ף΢΢ͷ˵˳Թ̽Ѱȥ֮󣬱Ҳδл֪֮ͨδԺ彫ΪΣ֮أκ˿һγ֣ǰ֮ȪֻɺԿή֮ʱʱֳ֮꣬ˡ
һʵ֮ȪֻɺԿήǷ֮йأ
⡭
ףϸ룬ջҡҡͷĿǰʱûֱ֤ӱ֮ȪֻĸɺԿή֮йء
ô
ϸ˼֮棬ȥƺĳѺֻۣΪѺۣܲԵ޹ʰɡ
ף֮ÿγ֣άֶãһٳʱضһηΧЩ
˴عͷҲ˵ܻһ죬֮ɵ֮Ȫֻ
ĬھͲ֮ȪֻˣҲܵ飬λ֣֮أ֮ʮֳ棬ٹգ͸˰ɣڴ֮ǰҪҵ֮Ȫֻ¡
ȥ濴
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ףһ£ĿԶĺ۶޾κ˵ǰõģΣգһἰʱ
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ףȻЩ֮ɫҲȥ˲ˣȴûһ˻֮澿ʲô֪
²˳٣ھͽȥ
ԥָһһ֮˫һ㣬Զĺȥ
Сģףһ죬û뵽ʱҲ룬ǺȥֻܿʧŨ
ףȥ֮𡭡
ֻϣʥŮף˵ͷǺֳɫ֮ΣأҲ֪

ܿ죬Ѿذ涫ϱƾʶȻ찵֮£Ȼܹۻ𣬷Щںڰ֮϶
Щ֮϶棬Ǵף˵ġ֮˿̣Ѿ̽Ѱˣ޹֮ЩҲûлǿ֮УҲδظ˵ܳ
ʱڰ֮кȻ΢΢ԭȴǰֻ񷢳˹âһһڰпȴ

ַֻϣֻܵһ˿Ϣ޷ӦĻϢһϣֻ̫صˣ֮󣬱˳˯ǰЩں쳾Ҳ˵ô¡
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ʱȻһϢһ㳯عһѸԱȥڰֻɳɳʲô˵ص£ܿͲӰҲûϢ
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һɲǣȻиͷԺһһ̣ԥʩչ֮ܿ˵ص
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صܹԼһ˲䣬ʶ̽Ѱȥص֮϶һЩ״ڲȪǸ
ԭˡ
һ£ô£֮ȪֻĸɺԿήȫЩ״δ֪֮Щԭ棬ҪģСնЩ
һ֮Ȫ΢΢춯ףȻһʱڼȥ˳
ӣû°ɣ
ʱףһ֮ɫҡҡͷؿȥǵص˵ˣ֮󣬴ףЩţѵ֮ȪֻɺԿή뼸ǰͻȻֵ֮йأ
ѽЩֵնϣ֮ķ֮Ȫֻ
ԣǵ桭
ʱִֻʥŮǰʱ֮Ȫֻ⣬֮ǰǳ׸ɺԿήа취֮Ȫֻ»ָ𣿡
һ⸽¾󷨣֮ҽģ˷ɰλ徳Ϊĳάȹ̣֮ȪָֻʱʥŮɴϽѡ
ҪġΣգ𣿡
ֻϣٴδʥŮһΣû˵ֻһѾɺԵ֮ȪΣգ취֮Ȫֻػ
Ƭ̺תͷԵף֮Ȫָֻһ󡣡
ӣ˵޷ף·ʱȫϣˡ
һؿڵֻ˵ʱҪ֮Ȫֻ֮ģͽ
֮󣬴ףͷ˵֮ȪϢֻ֮ģǧһᣬȻ⣬ֻǡ
˵˴üͷ˼Ƭ̣˵λֽ˲ʿĿıҵ֮ȪֻЩˣйͺ廢ڴ˲¾󷨣ʱȻὫЩмˣǳ
Ȼпǹ⣬˵ҪϵˣϵֵסЩˣҪգʱ䣬֮Ȫָֻ


1667 
֮Ȫֻ»ָһ£ϵļ˾һЩڱչصļ˾ҲǰˣȻ¶϶ԣͬСɣмκβ
׼֮󣬹棬ѾطЩԭѾʧȥĹŴ󷨣Ҳ¼ˡ
⼸գļ˾ҲܹԲѾвһʺ쳾طʿλ֣ڴʱʹ֮ȪֻػضЩ
˾˾
ʱм꼱ҴҴ˻ʱվڵǰһλ׷ߣȥʮׯϣ˻Ĵ˾糤⼸Żŵӣʵ¾ţ
ǼͣΪһ˵ϷǷ˹ټǱضˡ

ʱһмǰҴҵ˾в֮ˣˡ
š
ԣ糤ţҲԤϵУ󷨸ճɣһЩˣ֪漸󷨣ʱ⸽콵󣬱ضˡ
ЩҲҪǣҪ֤ܹ˳ȥᱻ;ϣ˼⼰ˣ糤˻ˣ˵ţһΣر֤˳󷨣ڴڼ䣬κ˿ûУ
ף
죬ϵˣŮһóòٿأܹ֮ũһóԶƵУԼԸ󷨽ãһ壬óս
ʱȪѾ󷨣Ҫ֮ȪָȻҪϴں쳾³ˮࡣ
׼һкԥ̽ģ֮ΧʱХ˷߾˹
˸λϰλѾ̤̫ʥ֮ļ˾󣬴ʱŰλ˾ų⸽һ죬֮ϣһϼ⽵£öĿ
ʱ䣬ӿ֮£ԭѾɺԵ֮ȪȪˮӿ֮ȪԱߵֻҲָ
һĻλ˾Ͼϲ֮ɫ¶ʱȴиԶףҲϢĿߣؼ֮ʱܳκβ
¡¡
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ףǰʹЩ˽֮Уףȥһ
յ֮󣬴ף濴˿ʱҲԥľһ㣬̼һȥˡ
ǺǣСӻе㱾£Ǿͺú
Уһ;乭ݡ֧â紩֮ƣʱǲɢںɢȥһɲǣȴһɫӡͳ
Сģ
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΢΢һԱߣԵý࣬ĿʼڰǼϣ˵˺һЩ
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Сģ
һ˲ȥȻǿֲ֮£еҲֵܶˣӰĶ֣
Σһ̣һӰһɰӿ˲γһ磬䡱һֵס˰ǵͶ
סףš
ֵ˾긦ſǰ֮ˣǴףղһ˲䣬Ǵףֵ֣ܶˣձ㽻ˡ
ʱڰУֻǵɫӰƣòǺ֮µϢȴһ˱ضһ֮ˡ
ϵˣܿۼ˹䱸ţ֪ǰеĺɫӰʲôˣضǳ
Ǻǡ
ʱǺӰ洫һɭɭЦ겻ףȻꡭ
ǡ
ɭɭףʱһǺɢȥֳˣֻգƣüһɫӡ˫ָǰ͸һ˵Ϣ
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ڳһˣһȻǹĴ˾ߣֲһΣķױ㱻ȥ
Ǻǡ
ɭɭһЦ˫һ̧ĺʱǵض˾ɫһ䣬мλ˻ĳϷǰɻδȥ㱻ǿֲ֮˳ȥ
˺󣡡
ףǰһ̤һ½еľȥ漴˫ֽӡһɽӿȥһɲǣϵ˶еһϣǿ
ֻһ˲䣬ޱߵһ磬һ½߷棬˽һû뵽ףԭ֮ǿ

ףɫһףվȣȥҺһ˲סףţ
ûû¡
ֻף亹乣ɫֽһĲ԰ףȻΪ˷סߣ
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棬Цֻ磬Ӧֻ֧һʱɡ
ԣڳ˽һѸ˴ףԣߴΪֲף֣˾ЩѾȥȪһ˳ƽ磬˵ֵס

һȪֻȪˮ飬֮Ȫֻһ»ָֻϣʥŮƮΧ뵳һѩϾѣϡ
ӡ
ʥŮ֮ҲˣʱȻһ죬⸽
濴һۣ˵ʥŮڴȶҳȥ˵գʱһâȥ
ʱ棬˾ߣѾƴףĽ磬ڳ֮ˣû˭ֵܹ֮£вˣףҲء
ݣ
ʱһâӺһ½˳ȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ棬ףʱ˿֮ȪֻѾָˡ
Ǻˣ
У䣬ĿһϣͺˣҲˣܹܵǹɾ
˿̣ΧǽһƬûбֳʲôֻȥҪЩڴ˴š
ߡǾҪ㣬ûˣһ˲ɷڣڲԶףɫЩ԰ףӡСģ
üͷһ壬ԣָһȫԪָ⣬ʮָһ˲飡ָʱһѪһ󵹷˻ȥ
˾
ߣ˼һĻĿôܣһָ㽫˾ش
ȥһ
һΣñ࣬ɫһ䣬û뵽徹İ֣
ߣ
߲ǲ֪֮ˣΪԶԶǰ֮˶֣ʱȥˣʺѹѹһƬͺ糱ˮת˲֮䣬糱ˮȥܿ㲻Ӱ


1668 ̫þ
ֱã⸽ָƽλ˾ҲȪǱ߸˹Ƽɫɷ׵ӣȻЩҲķ˲Ԫ
˿ؿŸղһĻȻƾһָ˹˾ʵΪѾ˺εȾ硣
һԣҲסˣһգȥԷʱеһûɵĺ䣬ȻǶ˵ֻûжǳֶѣǵΪܺúվţ
ףǰɻã
ʱףȥףع˵ͷһΣڣǹϮ
̾ʵʵֻЩΪֹ֮ȪֻɺԿή嶼ľѪҵ꣬Ǽλ֣뿪λȥѰֹ֮ȪֻɺԿήķѶ˵ĻЩͺ壬ҲƵƵ
ҵָʮڣ
⡭
ԣ˸һ㶣û뵽ʵԭ֮ǿֲ֮ǰһˣ֮ȻĻ
ףǷҪ׼ͽ֮£
š
˵ͷһ̣δԵʮż˵ڴ֮ǰףǰҲһԡ
ռ֮£棬û˭ȴףӾͨʱף֪Ҫ֮ԣ֣صص˵ͷá
һգλ˾Ҫ׼ˣȥռ⣬ȺףͬʱҲָһԪ
峿ףˣɫȥǺܺãվʵΣףǰн
ֻףüǰǵ˵ͷʱɫҲµʲô˵ףǰ˵޷
һһǰ
գף߸˵˳ԭΪ˽仯ʱûκα仯ֻ˵ͷлǰ
ӵȵȣףһ죬û뵽̩Ȼ˵׷ͬСɡӣ㡭
ףǰصġûκα仯һһлᣬֻҪ˫׼ɡ
Ƭ̺ʹףԼʥŮȪҪֻѡڴ˴
ӣ׼𣿵ʱ򸴻ӵͽܣӦҲһ֮ʥŮ˵
Ĭ˼Ƭ̣ŵףǰʥŮһط
ףʥŮ֪ҪȥδƬ̺һɽȣף˴ɽȣҲܳ棬ӣʲô
û˵Ƭ̺һǹ֮ʱȪֻԼʥŮȵȣ棬ȥʵһģһûκβ
⡭
һĻףһ͵Ϊ̫þ
̫þ
ףʥŮͬʱһ㶣̫þ濴ȥֱһʵ̫þķǿ˺εȳ̶ȣλ˾Ҳױһ̫þ
λҹ붨ξ棬ҿˣ˷ǳ
ŴԣףʥŮˣʵʲôˡ
Ӧֻ̫صˣҪץͽܵĻǣ֮ǰˣһ֡
ֻ̫ص
֣ףʥŮһ𣬹Ž棬Ϊص֮һֻ̫صֻ̫صˡ
̫þ˵ˣǳûʮնԸˣڴ˲̫þʱǽ̫þա
⡭
ףòֲҪԼȲһԣʾΪףǵһ취Ҳûˡ
ʥŮ̫þ棬ǸʵԼʵӣһУȫǼٵ𣿡

ֻµǸԼ˵ҵһ塯
ʲô
ԣףʥŮЩţʵʵ飬ʵʵȫȻ˱治塣
Ҹղ˵ˣ˷ǳֻ̫þƭǣķġ
ӣ㡭
ףѾȫɫһΣǰ֮ˣ漴뵽ʲô˵һʮΣգ
̫þķĬȻʱԺ棬ֳָôҲɿ֡һǵȥʱķ
Ҫ֮ʱһһ
ϣȻûκα仯ûзĺ棬ǰƽԱףʥŮˣȴȫɫ
Ѱ֮ˣҪ޳ɡһ塱Ǻ֮ѣѰһһҲԴһżò޳һ壬Ȼϧһ
תŴףʥŮһУףǰʥŮˣλ˾
ӣġһΣҾƴϹͷҲ̤Ȫ벽
ףʱޱȼᶨһδŮӡ
˻صȪһ⸽һŨʱ棬ҲŴףµĽ硣
׼һУԥֻ̼Ϲ¶;ɳȡﵱУɳΪҪĻ֮ֻ֮ģϵܷɹʹԪλ֮ȪӵϢ֮Ϲ¶ʹѸٻָ
գ֮£Ѿ𽥳ͣʱȻָ֮ǰһģһûκβ
ʥŮԿţԭӵͽܣüӢͦ󳤷ѩһ۱һֲĸо

ͬʱǧ֮⣬һһ˴˽֯ţһ㣬ѸڵĹŵض
Ǻǡˣˣ׼ôǺǺǡ


1669 Ϯ
ȪȻӦΣյϢѪʬɷʬڤˣѸٵ߿
ӡ
ԶʥŮȻҲӦˣüͷһ壬Ȼ߷ͬһ㣬ʱȪ棬ףλ˾ͬܵõʮֿµϢѸ߿
¡
ʱһ촫Ȼз󷨱ˣţӰֲֻʻ߷˹˾ˣˣסǡ
ԣףһȻ˵ˣһӾ޿ܵסˣǿеֻֿͽҪˣǰӲµ̫þ
˼⼰ˣףԥǻŻļ˵ԸȥͬСɣκ˽Բ׳ȥ
ԣǼ˸һѵˣЩ˻Ҫ
ף˵˵Ǵ˼ֻؽƶѣôˣ±ʮ嶼Ҫ¡
ǺǺǡ
֮ʣԶʣȻһЦֻһֲ֮УףӦ˹Ѿ󷨣ˡ
ȻֻԶʣһһý˲仯ֲӰһɷڣһģǿ£·Ѫʬһ㣬ǿֲѪ֮Ҳ֮˹
ˣ֮ǰֻ̫صȥѪʬԸˣɷʬڤ
⣬⡭
ֲӰ棬в˶ɫɷף˵ˣ೤Ϻͼ˾һ̸ܵǶϵϢ󣬶Ĳ
ߺˣ
˻˾糤ǰһ̤һϢͷų赲ѪʬϢŵ͸Ϣ֮£һЩ
ǺǺǺǡ
ʬڤһЦɺͷЦǰŮڡ˵ɷŹˣ򣬺ǺǺǡ
ʬڤµģˣһЩŮӣŵɫɷףҳ
ʥأɲ
ʱмλѾ̤徳ļ˾˫ֽӡһͷųȥʱ⸽һƬĻԵֵǶϵ֡
СС徳ҲڱǰСС
ɷɫ䣬µһ˲䣬һָȥݣһɫָٿȻߴƻһ㣬ָδ޷
Сģ
˾糤һȫһɲǶ䡱һȻ⸽ŷ󷨺ͽ࿹ɷһȪָҲȫһ𣬡⡱ȥ
糤˾
ףһ˲ǰȣӰвһȻԣͬСɣѶԸ
ʱȪǱߣȻһ죬ɷʬڤ˵ע
ҵˡ
ʬڤ˫һԥһ˲⴫ȥɷҲ룬ҲһѸٸȥ
Ȫ棬ⲻ֪˴µ壬̫þһУʵһ㣬ɢ۶ϢǽŲɡ
Ȼ۶
ɫһһ̣н͸һɳȵ񣬴ʱ̫þ棬ֳһУԼɢϢ˿ʵһģһûκβɷʬڤҲܵˣʱ͸һɣΪϢ
ǡ
ʬڤ˫΢ĿһϣԱɷأ˵˱ֻ̫صҪˣϣĪǡˣ˱˴˶һۣΣô˸
һ˲䳯̫þȥ䡱һٽ̫þʱǱĽ裬̶ֳȵĽ磬ȫ޷赲ˡ
ʱԶһɽϣһӰһ·ɵأ˲ǱˣƣϵѾˡ
ˡ
ʱҲ¶˾ɫȻҲ֪̫þʵµ壬ֻǳȥؽ
ߣС
ʬڤ䣬˫һ̧һѪӿ¡һһ±ǽ磬ɢ˸ԥһ˲ȥ
Ѫʬ䣡
һ̫þֱǲκأѪʬȻȥ˹֮ʱֻһ죬һӿ䡱һ˫ײʱ̫þһ
һɲǣһнɢȥˣ֮ȪֻʧˣʥŮҲʧˣһл󣬾ʧ
⣡
һ˲䣬ڤʶмˣҲѾˣ̫þȻ档
λȲǲ磬°ɡ
̫þ棬ֻʵģʱֻһڤʥǴݲȣ绪ղġ
ô¡
ԶһȻ֪ô£ֻȪǱߣһͬʱھ֮ϣҲȻ˴Ƭƣ󣬷ٽһ֮Ҳֱ
ǣ
ȪһĻ֮ƲڷӦԭϵֻ̫ص֮Ըǰ̫þ
һ·˺þãҪǰѶϧٶȲڤʥ´ݾߣֻһ·ǿں棬ʱһĻ԰һЩ
ֻȪһ죬ʱѾȫҲ죬һģһûκα仯
ʥŮԿţһֱֶͨͨΣؽ췣ʱܴţ¶в
¡¡
˼֮࣬һ췣£ףֱ˺Ѳ񷣬ľŴףʹ˾ǰµĽ磬ֵܹס췣
̫þ棬ɷʬڤȻҲ֪˺£վǴˣ֮ǰӱѹǣǳԶԸֻǵʱǲΪȻڿԷϵǻǰ壬һϧһΪն
Ǻǣ
ڤˣʱɫҪжʬڤȻˣǾɣ£һ˲乥ȥ
̫þ֮Уһ޳һ֮ķѰ֮ķɱȣ뱾̫塱Ƶʵ
Ȼһ壬ʱ塱塱̫塱һӦķҲ仯̫屾壬ôΪ̫һڣѰ֮Զ԰쵽ġ
ʱڤʥһ˲䣬籾һ㣬ɲһ˲չܿ˶˵Ĺƣͬʱһָ͡һֱȥ
ʦܵģ
ɷʬڤһܿǵָʱһһܺͱһ۶ǡһ壡


1670 
̫þ˫Ƭ̣⸽𵴲ֹ̫þĽȴʮι̣ǿǳƷ֮ǿƿ
ΪڴסҶˣ´ô
ʬڤȫѪƣ𺣬ֻ̫صһƾЩˣ㵲סǣ룡䣬ֻһѪ⣬ͳȥ
ҵսһ⣬Լףܿ㽫⸽֮ʿ˹
ǡ
֮ʿʱɵһĻϾ¶˾ɫǱΪѰ֮Ȫֻҵˣȴʲô
˲ҿ̫һȪ󣬶̫þڤʥϢʵľ
ݣ
ʱԶȻĵӰһɲǶǿϢʱ⸽ӿ˸Ϣѣǡ̫徳ǿߣ
ĵӰת˲ǿϢ⸽޷һЩδ̤ʥߣǿϢ֮£ǻֲ̿˿ɣʱĵӰֻҪһϢ
ˡ
ԶҲʱ˶ֻ̫صĸˣĸĸ˽̤̫徳ֻ̫صȻ£һλ̫徳ǿߡ
棬Ǹܵõ˵ĿΪϢֻзӿ˽һۣǿòĸ뷢׵ߣü֮ϣһֻӡǡ
ֻ̫ص
һĵӲϵֻӡǣһЩϵļ˾ȴһ۱ϳӡǣֻ̫صֻӡ
ˣǳɽĴ󻤷ϣ׻ȸ䣬ֻ̫ص棬˵ƽɽֻ̫صһֵ
˿̣λϿ̫þһĻҲסˣһ̣㴫ڤʥ
˻عȪ濴˿˿ԥһ˲㳯Ǳ߷˹ȥȻ֮ʱȴһǿĽ磬
ʱȪĽ磬Ϲ֮ĽɱȣλѾ̤̫徳ĳϣҪǿйĽ磬Ҳһ
ʱ裬һڼ˾ȥҪֻ̫صΪУ
ֻ̫ص
һ֣ԶЩΧ۵ߣһֲ˴ֱʣһλ̤̫徳ǿߣԭֻ̫صֻ̫ص˭Ҫ˸ȥǣ
棬ϵľʱһӰȻȺ˳ȴңֻֻ̫صֻ̫صֻ̫صͿ˼𣡡
ң
ǰ˻ȥһۣѹЩףʹ˾ǻᴦҪԣһȥ
ʱ棬λɫЩˣ䳤Ǵ򿪽磬ǵȻǿйƣҪʶô
ձ˪˶̫ʥÿһֿɷΪأÿһصʵ޴ǵ̫徳֮һ֮֮ңǰĸˣ̫徳ء
̫徳أѾǷǳ˵ã۷Ļô֮£ܵУοﻹĸ
ʱ˾亹ΪܹԸһˣĸˡûκʤ㡣
ôǻҪô
ǰߣһϢʱڳ֮һһЩΪԵ֮ˣѪӿֹ·ʱϢ
˾ףǽ
ʱȪ棬ʥŮȻһ˾һ˵˴ʥأݲλȥɡ
ߡ
һߣһһɲǣɫǱñˣǾǲײģˡ
һ˵꣬һ̧жʱһɫӡ͵سȥ¡һ죬ʱһȥ
ҪҪһ¡
ɫ˵֮ʱ־һԪӿ͸һɿµϢ˿̱ԶЩΧߣҲŵòȥµȻ꼰
ţ
糤˾˫һһɲǣһҲӿ˳ȥȸһЦ˼ǲײĲᡭҲգһƣһҲ
¡¡
磬λϹ£𵴲ֹ·ʱ飬죬棬ǲѺۡ
ȪԪȻֻص֮УʱȴȻ޷޷۾ȴܹ֪ʱһС
ʦ
˿̣޷ۣʶҲʱʱģ֪õʱһУȴǻص죬·ǰţˮǧѣüʦ
һɲǼ䣬ǻص˵֮˶Ҫɱһתֻۣص֮죬Ѫ׷׵̣ʦͽԵ
ʦʦ
ʶԽԽң޷ȫع޷ȫʥŮһԿýŲѣۼĽͿ챻ˣʱ˳˽ֻʦͽ˶ѱ
ס
ɫɷף亹Σһɲǣ˫ֲϽӡдʣתᣬ컯
¡¡
췣£֮٣Ͼ֮£ۼ״ʥŮɫһ䣬Ľ磬ѾԵס췣ˡ
һ̣ԥΧ֮ɫĹĻףԵֵ⡣
ʥŮ
һ֮ȪֵףףҲɫһ䣬һˣǵֵס
ʥŮţ㣡
ʱ活ǱжʮŮӷ˹ʥŮػ֮ˣһ̣ʮͬʱ÷ģγһƬɫĹâףֵ⡣
ס
亹˫һӡֻϣʱʢһɲǣ׸쳣̫þ棬ڤʥͬʱܵһǿĻϢϾһֹ


1671 ػ
Ȫ⣬ֻ̫صϾùƣּһ𣬴ʱЩļκδ˴̫ϵڶ˾֧ţھͲôһ㣬޷ƽ롣
ˣ
ʱ̫þִڤʥյڤʥϾһ˴˶һۣҲ룬ͬʱһʱ䣬ӿ粻ֹһɿֲϢֱ
⡭
棬糤˾Ȼһ˲䣬һ𣬡¡һ磬ʱӦƣһɲǱ˽
ֹǣ
λ˾һ˲ǰ⼸λ˾Լףˣǿ֮ãԪģʱֵܵסˣ

һƣ϶ʱ׹¶һƷȥ䡱һʱòѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ۣ
糤˾ӲһƣѪӿˣѪڶҲֵסļ˾ֵܵסȥٶ࣬Ҳֻѡ
ǿ֮Ȫ
ȪǱߣʥŮٴμһȻһ֮ȪҪֹǾֻһǳ׻ȥ֮Ȫֻһֹѡ
Ҫȥ֮Ȫֻסǣ
棬೤ϼ˾߷˹һЩӣ𷨱󷨡
ɹƾǣֵܵסĸѾ̤̫徳صĸ֣ǵȥѰֹ֮ȪֻɺԿήǼλ˾
ǲײĲᡭ
һ̣׹¶ͬһ㿴Щֹˣ䳤һ̧һɫֱЩ˴ȥܹһƽЩ˴ûɢһƴȥȴЩһ裬Լһˡ

䳤Ŀһ䣬ʱŭݣһĳһ½ýΪһƬѪ
֮ԷŭƺΪЩǰһֻܹԹղţȻҧһڣҪŤ֫ĥ
ƺһ㣬ǲ֮ˣѵڱ˵ļ˳ַˣǺε׺ݱ塣
ţȥֹˣ
Ĺ䳤ϲͬҲûôأ˿һֹֻ˶ԣɱɱǶνֻߣȻͷƽǡ
סǣ
糤˾һ˲ȥѾˣȼѪ֮ܵסˣ
飡
һ죬˾һƴؿڣʱǴϣһѪһ󵹷˳ȥͬ߸ļλ˾ɿֲѪ˳ȥ

ʱһӰ˲ǱˣȴǴףֻǴ˿̣ѲǷӣһ˭ǿ
ף
Զǽһֻף˫ţһɲǣηŴࣺգ˭Ҳȥ
£ľһ壬˫ֿٽӡϣһɽƺʱӿ
ǿֻ֮ǸƵʯһɲǣųɹԣϣ˲γһ磬
ף
Զũϵ˶һ̺ۣףȼԪȼȫľɡ
䣡䣡䣡
˲ϳȥһʱؾȴʼ޷磬ÿһΣףϣһѪɫ
ףףţ
ҡȥ
ţֻ۾ҲѪ˿ֻܿţֻܿɴףһ֧Ľ磬˹ȥ˹֮£ûлĻᡣ
̫šе㱾¡
䳤Ŀ׺ݣȴ޿κΣѾ磬Ͳһˣȴôף
ȼߣ㻹ʣ¶ȼգ
Ŀ䣬䣬˫һˣ̫֣һɲγһڰס̫ӡͳףĽȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˲Ϻ֮£ףɫԽӲҰףһ̣ľ

ֻתͷȪǱߣֿ췣ʥŮһۣȻعͷ˫ַǰͷ˳
ףԶϵĵ˻ߵغ˭Ҳֹʲô
ףҪ磬ſң磡ſң
˫ᣬֵܼˣǴףģȴҪŴףȥô
ң侲
ĽסʱŴףֺγˮףռ֮δйʧ󣬽һУû㵽
ףʥŮתͷԶĴףˣһ´סˡ

㿴𣿽ҪػһС
šףţ˵֮Ȫֻ𣿡
ȥػػ֮ȪػֻػˣػһС
ţȰˣһᱣһС

ףҪ
ʥŮ˻ߵĺУֻףȫͷ˳һɲǣȪǰ棬γһ᲻ɴݵıݣֻԭߴӰһ˻ȥһһ㣬ð׷Բԣơ
̫š
䳤˫ĿѣͲһ㣬ȴûа취ƽȥˣԶѾʿ˶ؿһĻĬ
һԣҲļ٣ô죿ֻǽҲŲסãܰʲôæȻǽͨʮת£Ҳˡ
ǽͨʮתأ
һɲǣԺȻһͷûͨʮתǵõ常ͨʮʱ˵Ļ
ͨʮǧʼ˽⿪أ常ޣȻЩĹ裬Ҳֻ΢΢żʩУƣ츳ޣԶ常֮ϣҲܽ⿪ͨʮǰ˶޷⿪ء
һ̣Ժ˼ң常츳ʵһˣҲ޷⿪ͨʮأԼҪν⿪ŵܣ
ѵ
һɲǣԺȻһͷʯһȴԺѵҪͨʮ
뵽˴ʱǷˣοУͨʮȴֻǰһĸ޷᲻ǡҪͨʮһҳеİء
¡
˼֮ʣԶȻһֲ죬һع
⣡
ʱȻ̶ֻʧɲǣµ̫þȻɷʬڤˣˣ


1672 ʧ
ɷɷɷ
֮УʱѪڤʥ棬ʬڤһ˲̫þ˳޲ɫ䣺ˣ
ɷʬڤѪʬ˵ĿֲֶΣ˿ɱȣ˼дؽƣ˵ʵӿ¡
ÿ
ʬڤһһѪԪһͳףµĽȥ¡һ죬ʱӦ飬ףҲʱܵشһѪ󵹷˳ȥ
ף
ԶĿѣɿֲϢ£ûκܹ
һֻ̣ʬڤŴףɫֲ̫ţȻôɢ
£һƳףȥʱѪӿһȥףɣ
ףҪ
ȪǱߣʥŮ˫Ŀѣ⾪һ̣һӰ˲Ϣ˴ףǰ顱һʬڤһƣ˵ʱһѪӿȴǵ
ţ
ʬڤ˫һ¶֮һ˲ץסᣬԥϴʮơ
ۣһѪӿףһ½סˣӣ

ȪܴҲܵһЩӰ죬ɫһ±ò԰Уȴδͣ¡
ʦ
ʱ˿̣ѾȫܹӦ淢һУƫƫ޷۾޷ȫ嶯ãԪ޷ˡ
ߣ
ʬڤ¶׹⣬βô˻ᣬ˴ֻһ̧Ѫ͵سȥ
ӣ
һ˲ʬڤжһɭ̵ذףͣԼٶȣʬڤͱ߰˵
ʲôˣ
ʬڤ˫һ죬һƷȥ顱һһ½ƴ˳ȥһɲǣָָԪһһָʬڤؿڡ
ͣ
ѪɽʬڤһָؿֱӱһѪܵĴ󶴣̿ɼֱѪӿҲˣȥֲ
ʦܣɷһ˲˹漴˵ȥ
󣬸ԥʱĵâȪȥ
ʱ׽ѾɢȥʥŮ˳˽˫һ˲ȻǿҲֵֻסһˣʣµˣ͵سȥ
ʦ
񣡡
˹һ˲䣬ֻһӣжʱٻһ塱䡱һһ½ˡ
һͨ
Զһʿ޲¶ɫǵʲôˣȻһܵķǿߣ̫ˡ
ǰһġ塱ǡ̫塱岢ָʵĻ֣Ϊ壬Ϊ壬һ֮ѲֱͬΪͬΪ
һ壬ĿǰȻδ뻯ʴʱеЩڴ˿̣˴ˣҲԪģ޷ٷֿǼˡ
ߣ
һ˲䣬ɷʬڤҲ˽ʵѾԶԶ˵ԤϣֲλѪ꣬Ѫʬǡ
䣡
˫һ𣬶ʱ⸽ضɽҡŨԶһգգţ޲ľȻǻδȼҵսλ֣һѼȿֲս
ֻȪҲ˺ˣڤʥ̫þʵȻ˵Ԥ룬̫ˣͶ䣬·Żص˼дؽƣʵ˻ж¡
¡¡
춯صֹŨ̹Ȫ棬Ѿڤʥս˫ذ
ǿˣѾ̤̫徳أʱڤʥм䣬Ǳд⣬ض档
ǿ֮սʥŮѾ޷룬ֻԲʮ֮Ȫֻ⵽ƻֱʡ
¡¡
Զˣ޲ľս˷ֹѣʱԶʣȻйӿǺŵģһµ֮
ˡ
ӿ棬ףʹ˾˽ɫһ䣬ǡ֮
֮ˣ
棬˱ɫǰЩʱգ֮ѾʧΪδʱֳˣñκʱҪ£ѵΪʱսؾ䡭һؾ䣬֮ǡˣ
ʲô
Զһ߲֪ĺʲôȴܹܵǹɵصĿϢ
ߣ뿪
ۼǺԽԽϢҲԽԽأ˶ֻʧɫѸԶȥ
¡¡
ת˲֮䣬֮Ѿ˹Ѹײڶ֮ƣû⸽Ƶɽ壬һ˲䣬Ȫ⸽˹
֮
ɫһ䣬һɲǣ֮Ѿɹ¡¡Բʮʱɽѣ̳ٶ֮죬ɷʬڤ˶δܷӦ
¡
һ죬ѣˣֱӱֲѪ˳ȥȪһУһɲʧˣֻ̳


1673 
Ȫɢ̳һߣأ£ղǼʱȥˣֻҲҪ꣬ǵȿֲ֮ΪѾ̤̫徳ǿߣ޷ֿ
ӡ
棬ʥŮ˫ĿԲղһ˲侪֮ĿֲƾĿǰΪȫֿһ˲˳
˳һ˲䣬ûпڤˣƺҲûиųֻĸֻ̫صĳϣ˳
ף
ǿʥŮһ˴ףԣɫ԰ף̽ţڶһɴף
ȡȿȡ
ղŴףֱʬڤһˣΣʱһ£³ˡ
ȿȣȿȡû£û¡
ףҡҡͷɫ԰ף̳ȪղһɲǣѾܲϢˣڤǶ˵ϢҲȫܲˣˣ·ͻȻʧһ
֮Ȫֻڣֻӡ
ף̳ɢȪŨ̹ʲôҲֻҡҡͷӲˣˣǱ֮ˣͽܣӵͽܣҲ˽ȥȵȣȵȣһһǰĪǡ
һɲǣףɫøӲ԰ˣµһ˲䣬Ȫ̳֮УȻһƵ֮
ˡˡˡ
ˡˡˡ
ɵ·֮ԽԽǿѸ٣ԽԽȪ̳һ̣Ѹɢȥ
ǡ
˶ס˺һ̳棬ǰ֮ɳˣʱشڵԶһ˲䣬̳棬һ˫ɫԨ㺮۾
˶ʱһһɲǣҲ׹޵Ԩһغ֮УȫҪȥƫƫܴ̫أʱԪӳȥ
ѵǡ
棬ףʹ˾˶ס˺һֵ̳ӰҲϢ񣬸ղʬڤһƴɳȥҶͨʮ壬δ̫ܵصĴˡ
ડડડ
صĽŲ̳洫ԽԽһ̣˶ɤۣ̳ɢȥһЩʱڿˣ׷ѩ˪ֻһۣһ׹Ԩĺ֮С
ǰ׷ӰҲ΢΢һ£ӵͽܣһ
һ
ѾˣȻ˴δʱ߳ģ˻˭ˣһβΪΪǵǽȥڤʥԸġ
û뵽ͲôһˣȴͻȻ˾޴ʣ˶ˣҪôԸˣ

ҪǿоǸһ˹ﴦ㴫һ˺ѾʹһҲ޷·һȫûκΪͨˣʱһССӣҪɱǶ׾١
ણણડ
һ˳Ϣ콵˪⸽ˣ޲һ׹˪ѩ޷
һ
˵ڵϣʱԼ˹ƫƫ޷۹ֻòȥ˫棬͸һɿ־֮ɫɿ־壬Ա

һ佣Х۹½ִԨؼһ㣬ɣɣϵĹ¼ţҲɡ
һ㡭
䳤ǰûκθ飬ûκι˼ɣ䣬͡һѪĽһֱն䳤ϵ׼۹½ն׼ûκΪ£ԪҲһɲ

棬вˣһЩŮӣͻһĻˣ˾Ҳ̲ס΢΢һһҲ˵ֱȡ̸κ˿أˡصɱ
һ㡭
ۼ䳤ϲ˽£ˣŵĵѣڵأȥֻմѪۺ

һȸǰӸµؿ۹½ϣڲϵ䳤ϵѪ
ȸϿʱ⺮񣬵ʱ׹Ԩûü˵һ֣һ͡һѪɽͬһն׼
ֵܡ
ԶҲסˣصɱδܹصɱһͽܣɱء
ʿǾסˣһ仰Ҳ˵նɱֻ̫صλ̫徳ĳϣˡɱϣ
һ㡭ס֣
ʣͰ׻ˣŵøεѣ˫ԲǾ֮ɫȻûǶ˵һֻ֣ȡ
Ȼ֮䣬׻ϲ֪ξ˹˫һĵ棬ȻԶȥȻδɳʮɾ룬ֻһ죬˲ʩչ˳ֻһҽУ׻˫Ѹٲ˺ɫѪ˿ͨһ׹ȥκһ˿Ϣ
ǡ
棬ʥŮһ¶ɫ֮ΪУԸ֪ϢǸղǹѵǡ
߸ǾĿɿڴǾʲôɱֶΣûκ˿ڣûκֻôһ̧֣׻Ͼͳˣһʲô
ણણડ
ĽŲٴߵǰؿ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
һ㡭
Ͼ״ΪѾһѾ̤̫֮ˣԪδ£Ǻεȿϧ
ͣ
һ죬ѪĽδڣͷ­ֱһȥܶʱޱȰ˶Ŀɿڴؿһɺ֮УȻ
ͣ
Ŀȫǵͷ­γΧһۣʱ˸ʶȥֻһҲǺ²ѡ
ԶЩ߶еһֻ̫ص˸ȥڸղţۿ˶˵ɱֻ̫صλ̫徳ĳϣǺ¡
˿вɵĳϣסˡһ֣˴λصɺǱؽ֣ؾµӣΣǴˣɴ֣֮
쪣ɢ˳̣Ŀ⣬ϣǰһ·ֻǸӦˣǵȥʱ
ֵܡ
ƼԼɵ΢΢һûжԣĿֽʥŮʹף˿ȥյһУӦ
Ǻ̳ȫɢˣ֮ȪֻڣǴĿĵսۼҲڣֻѾûڤʥӰˣ˿ϢҲû£·ȫʧһ
ڲԶֻ֮һԨȣԨ֮£һ׵ѺۣһƬɫ磬ʲôҲȴ͸һʮΣտµϢͬʱҲһԼԼصĶϢ
֮
ף΢΢һؿԨµѺۣȻÿЩ֮꣬һΣÿγ֣Ȼ޾֣Դ˿֮ӣҲ֪澿ʲôڣڿ֮ԭӣ˿¡


1674 عʬ
ֻԨµѺۣɣޱ޾һڲף͸һɿµΣϢڳ֮ˣ޲ľղһĻǵѣ˿û˸ǰȥ
Ψɱֻ̫صĸ֮󣬽һһԨȥδ±ϣȴȻܵһʮֿµ֮
ֵܣ
Ԩȥһ죬ϲ¶΢΢ɫǸоó֮ȵնѲ㣬Ҫµö࣬ûз֮ΪȥѰ·
ǱߣҲס˺ѵҪȥѰ
±ϣԨ֮£ڲ׵Ѻۣո֮ɹһ˲䣬ʦһƽѺ˳ԼԼȴһ˲䣬ɷʬڤˣһ׹֮
ݣ
һ죬ʥŮһԣ˿Ԩ׵ѺۣҲͷһ˵֮ûô򵥣Ȼȥʦһ취Ҳҵ
û˵ӭ紵İ׷ôһ棬Ϊ֮ѡ
ֻ̼ǵãڳ˯棬ȥ˺ܶ꣬һǧ꣬һ꣬ʱһѰһˣȴʼտ壬˵ģ
ʦ
Ȼ֮䣬ֻһԾ֮ȥʥŮԣû뵽ͻȻ֮٣ץסȴֻһ˿½ǣȻ㿴һ˲ʧ֮ϢҲһ˲ʧˣ·磬ʧó׵ףδ

棬˶ŵþ˳ףҲһ˲Ԩȸ˫ĿԲźһ֮һɵ֮⣬Ȼ
ʱֿʼʥŮ˼˵ȥˡ˵꣬عͷףʱܻףȻȥ
¡¡
⸽ʮг̷ԶźǰѸȥƻվԭأؿţղȥĵط
һعͷľʬ忴ȥ˾̫徳Ϊֻ̫صҲضͣ˴ֵܽȫɱˣȻֻ̫صһֻ½ֻ̫صˡ
Ӻֵ֮ܶþ뿪˴һʱ䣬Ҫֻ̫صĶ

ȥգλһ£Ȼһʺ쳾Ȼ󲨣Ʈƾ쳾ɵҲ֪ܿ˴¡
ֻ̫ص
һɸ棬ֻ쳾ɵףü΢ֻ̫صѾãƵƵҪô
ɵۡ
ʱɸ棬һŮͺŮ˽Ǻ쳾ɵѽĽ飬ͺ
ΣѾȷϣ˫歴ʱ߽쳾ɵ۷ףʵ
ͺ˴˶һۣعͷ˵ȷһգӺѪʬˣͬ׹֮ӵͽܣҲȥ
֮
ԣ쳾ɵ𽥱أǺȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䣺ѵǡǸط
ͺվ±ߣ֪ɵΪͻȻ䣬಻֪ʱ˵Ǹطָĸطʵɵ˵Ǹط
쳾ɵ۳Ĭһ̵飬ȻʮǸط֮أʮ֮ء

һ޹⣬ɽԵÿն־ף˴ڣֻ̫صһСķֵ
֮ϣģڵ֮ϣĬʱŵ˫֣ȴڰʾţĲƽǣǳ
ϾһΣû׽סûûλ̫徳ĳλһοȫһˡ
һֵ֮ҲѾ֪ˣԽеҪûܰŪãӳͷͷԳܲסġ
常˽ţ飬Ҳȫûлˡ
ʱվ±ߵӺȻڣ亹أأҪСӻڵãƴȫҲҪ׽أǴҲ֮ѲҪҲȥ
ֻһ취±棬뷣ΨˣȥµĳͷΣҲϡ
ʱȻһ紵˽ߵһȫϨˣһϢһ
ˡ
һɲǣӻһҲֹֻͣİ֮УһŲ
ણણડ
ĽŲÿһ̤֮ϣԽҺҳڣһӰˣƹһ㣬վڵſڣһ
һ̣·ʱҲֹͣˣֻñϣӣôĵӣ˴£ȻҲ
˽ӵʱŵû겻壬ȥͨһڵϣ޴ˣ޴ˡ
ߡ
һǰصΪѪʬǶˣͿԶԸһ̰ðֻ̫صһռλ̫徳ĸ֡ӣõ
ȫɸɫɷףΡΡֻû뵽ʦͽˣ֪ˣұضȸţһΡһҲֻǣֻֻ̫صû
Ŷ
ؿΪֻ̫صԼӡ
ԣӵʱ׹̶ŵɫɷףһҲҶ˵ˣƬ̣Żع˵Ӷֻ̫صĹ޶ģ޴졭
ˣ
һ˵ȥ俴һۣӣ˿˵Ҫˣѱ䣬³Ρߣ
˴һߣŴҹɫҲ𽥱꣬ǲ֮ǰĹˣ˳ɹŶߣ£ҲѰ졭
ԣֻǻֹסĲ̧ͷһԣ亹ʱҲ
һ޲ӿȥӣǾ죬ҵһںδһΣ̰ð£ȸҲסˡ
ԣӶʱ⣬Ͽͷл޴ˣлȸ

˵֮ܵһ𵴣˹ȥ֪˶ãŻָʶ֮ȴ֪ںδܹ߻谵·ա
ʦʦ
һ֧Ҳ֪˶ãֻǵ֮һ˲䣬·ȫ֫ٺ챻˺ˣֻֻ¸תۼֻȥˡ

˿ֻоȫʹѣվʱע⵽ȣʯȻǡһӴĹʬ
ʶһˣʱſ壬һ֮ʬͷ­նˣһ׹ʬƮ
˵ش͸һɹϢ䱸һŷ֣ԭֹµ߹ʬ⸽Ȼʬ壬һɺ֮Уʱͷôʬ塭Щʲô


1675 ͻ
ΧЩĹʬҵģ˵ش˹죬ǿ˺֮ЩѾȥǧصĹʬȴģֽʲô
˿ܹоõЩʬѾȥǧأǰضʮôǿߣȴڴˣﵽʲôط
Ȼ䣬·뵽ʲôһɺ䳹ǵĸоʱͷţȫһ
֪֮дɣʵΩ޵֮ȣ޵סԻ档
һɲǣ뵽ģǴ˵ΪصĹ磬˴ųȷʵǴ˵Ĺ磬ڹ磬Ѿеİ
һ磬ǵȥħڣʱʮָħԷԣ磬ħ֮أн޳Ψʮ󣬷ܽһѺۡǵ꣬ʧҵҵģҵת֮ˡ
磬Ϲʱڣħ֮أһ棬ħҲãҲգźεͨ챾죬ٴĺ˻ģʮ磬Ψ棬н޳ġ
˿̣뵽ڹЩ˵еĺ֮ˣܣﲻܻǹ磬ô״򿪣
ǹ棬ôʲôطųﻹƮôĹʬǴ˵ĹһһɱϢ
Գ֮ʣһɲǣ֪ǴʲôȻоµͷʬղźһ£ɵ쿴ʱֻһȥıʬ壬ȻڻдһЩûκôܻᶯǴˡ
ʱѾһ亹ղһ˲䣬ܷӦҪɳȥǷɳȥȥΧȫһ߾ȥĹʬɳȥ޷һ߹ʬ档
˴֮ͬ淲֮أ淲֮أΪأ谭ƬšЩʬУƾԼƬҷɵĻܿͻԪݽߣϾṳ̂뷽֮ܳ
뵽˴Χޱ޼ʣʦأʦ֮ǰҲ䵽֮棬ΪδʱԼȴһҲܲʦϢ
ֻкȴ޷ƾֻ񣬸Ӧʦڡ
ѵʦڤˣδ䵽棿ֻѾȥˡ
ֻ۲Χ֮ǰ䵽Ϊδֵܵס֮ʦΪҲδҲ˵׼
Ҫĵ⣬뿪Ƭ⣬ڤˣҪʦ۶⣬˶ԸʦضԼΪЮԼĿǰΪ˵Ļûκʤԣһǲ
ڤˣֻ̫صɱֻ̫صĸ̫徳ĳϣ⣬Էض֮ˣոۺãΪûôǾž֮£޵֣˵̫ʥ֮ߣȻжµħڵĻ˵͸ҡ

ȥ죬Լһ֮ãʱܷҵ·뿪ƬգտˣЩĹʬҲûпκζ
̫óȻˣҲ룬Σ֮أǲȥδѰʦ
ҺһһЩ֮δΣգֻãã޾ҪЩʬƮʱܳȥֻߣûг·ԼȥѰҡ
ЩʬƾԼΪѰңܿԪͻľָо˵ħڣӳջǳʱ䣬جһ㡣
ѵĳȥô
˿̣Ĵţޱ޾ıգ㣬һǼЩʬƯһܹҵ·뿪ЩʬƾԼʶΪޱ֮ҵȥ·
ѡߵĻҪԪݽߵΣգƬû޷ĵԪһԪľ¶˺򣬺ܿҲȥȻҲЩʬһƮãã޾ôоһ֮أ
ԥ֮ʱȻ뵽һ⣬ЩʬҪƮδԺδһоõЩʬĿĵĴƮȥͬһطƺԽԽˡ
뵽˴һ˶ȥѰҳ·뷨ֻҪЩʬͱضܹҵĳطֻϣǸΣվ֮ء
ֲ֪ȥգЩ߹ʬ棬ϥĿ˹ȥô࣬þָȫʢʱڡ
Լֹ˰£һգȻϥĿϣֻһ֣һɫ˳澭ϢٲȻͻ֮
ʮ죬ߣβ֪˼١ȱԲ临
ֻ˫գֲֻϱӡ϶ʱֳһӡķԭеĻϣԴһסʮ޾
һʮ޾ԴһЩν̫ŹҪһǣһ׹ϣκεų⣬ʹõͨʮҲ޷⡣
һɲǣֻе𣬶һ̣˵һĻˣ⸽Ĺʬ඼дŵһЩȴȫڣκų⡣
һĻ߿ˣ֪Ҫĺ䶯Ҳ֪Ĺܹɹʬ֮Ǻεȷ˼
ܹɹʬ֮Ҳ޷ֿǳȻ˿޾壬ܹͣϿЩȥǧħӰӡ
һ̣ħӰһγܣãã޾֮УһĻԵġ
֪ȥã۵һ˲䣬ͫ·ҲЩħĵӰЩӰӣȫɢˡ
̧ĴʧĽɫԺ棬Ȼһ죬ʦڶ½ʱǼ˵йءž𾳡ɲĸ֮Ĵ˵
֮ȷʵڣֻǲ˼䣬˼ǳ˷֮ʱؾ䡣
¡
˼֮ʣǰȻһ죬ʹعԭȴǼ߹ʬײһϣǵײ÷顣
ɫһʬδκζվһ챻ʬײˣǰ桭ȵȣ
һɲǣǺȻӦʲôЩͻƣʶֱ࣬ӦˣǰߡضĳǿĴڣԭЩʬȥ


1676 ӡ
ʱȫϢϢЩʬУ˲Ϊǰ棬ʲôղһ˲䣬пѾöԷˡ
˿źҲѹ࣬ЩʬǰƮȥǴ˿뿪Щʬ˿տ֮أȻᱻԷһ·֡
֮һųĴɽЩɽûлľֻʯᾣһɱš
ܱĹʬδʱ˶ʯɽ壬Щʯ֮ϣ͸һɽϢ˿鲢Ѱ
ΧĹʬƮٶҲ𽥱ûˣ˲֪ãڿˣҲܵˣ֮ǰǵϢԴȻǡ
ֻǰһɫʯ壬ʯ˷˩Сʯ壬ÿһʯ棬һǿĽϢЩС壬мʯ壬Ǻʯ֮¡
һɲǣܵˣ֮ǰܵǿϢȻǱѹʯ֮£ʲôˣҪǿķӡѹ
⸽ǹʬЩʬһȴһɽײȥȻƾЩȥǧصĹʬʹڻһЩɺԺ˴ǿķӡ
ֻЩʬһһ߻Ϊҽһ̣Ȼô£Ƿӡ֮µˣĳֶΣƬĹʬƮЩʬ֮ƴ˴ķӡ
뵽˴ֻеЩͷƤ飬ôĹʬȻ˹ʯ֮ѹŵģһڣ
ʱµĹʬҲһʯƮȥײڽʯ棬ֻҲҪһ̣˿ԥ˫һ̤ԷȥһСϡ
ţ
ôһ˲䣬ƺѾ֮˵ע⣬ֻ洫һϵô꣬벻л
ɫһδҲδκϢܶԷطӡ֮£ԷϸԼϤ˴֮ǰҲóȻ
Ƭ̣ٶȴӺʯ崫СѼѵιǻǰĪһҲ£
һ£ǺʯϺȻһ𵴣ɽϷײ⸽ƮĹʬҲһ±ɢˡ
ŵӴʯͷ˳ѾȷǰΪٸߣȴԽֶΣѹӡڴ˴ֻԪ޷
ţ
ʯԴɻƺδ뵽һ֮ˣ档
ʯ˳Ҳδɾ裬˱꣬Ԫ𣬶ӡ˵Ǹˣ޷䳹ɱֻѡӡ
ʱܿ˿Ǻʯʵǰ֪Ǻδ
Ǻǣʲôط֪Ҳҽʯߵ
ٴܿ˿ﴦһɹţ֪ʲôطʱߵٴ𣺡㿴⸽ʬʲôط
ѵ
Ŵԣüͷһ壬˶ʬ壬ѲһĹ£ôһĹ
ߡ
ʯٴδߵɿླһѺۣϹħ֮أΪգΪӴн޳㿴Χʬûеս֮ˣе֮ˣãҲΪЩʬ֮һ
ԣüһ֮ǰ룬ɿླɿླһѺۣ統ħڣջһ
˿δиܵʦϢʦˣδ棬Ѿɿླ
ɺ쳾׷ããӣɿླǱһʺ쳾ĵطߣڴˣϡ
˿̣عʦѾɿླˣֻɿླ֮ҪδȥѰΣȴط뿪˵
˼⼰ˣǺʯ濴ȥһ֪ǰγƺ
º衣ʯ洫֣һԭǳǰ
֣Ѿûм˼ǵˡҲգСܴ򿪴˴ӡҾȳұɴ뿪ʯº
ԣΪֻһЦصǰ˵Цˣ˴ӡ֮أҽ򿪣Ԫݽߣʱǰֻ΢΢һܽҶᣬһա

ºЦһֶȻһ˾֮ģѹܻ
ˣҪСһЩ˵꣬˫һ㣬չɲؽƣǺʯȥ
̼ǵõڷħʱҲСģ񣬹ħǴҲ֪ˡ
߳߳߳
ΧĽƣʱЩȻֻҪȥǿΪҪܿҲʲô¡
ܿ죬Ѿ˺ʯϣʱչֳʵƺҲºЩĿ࿴Ѱ֮ˣֻ»ûʯϣѾؽ»ҷˡ
СܿʯϵĽƣɽ֮ɽһڣ棬ԭһŵͬأºԪ񣬱㱻ӡ档
ֻ׷ԲԣɢڼϣȻֻһԪ񣬵һɲǿϢҲЩѰ֮˿ɱȣӡ֮ǰضһһĸ֣Ǻˣܹӡڴˣ
ŴʱɷǱѰϢϢһ֮еģЩѾ̤̫ʥ֮ˣҲͬϢѵǡ
һѵǡϢһΣʦڶʱǼ˿˵ڷ֮ĸ
˼壬˵̤֮ľ磬ΪأΪƣȥ磬
ž֮ˣ񷣬գ֮춯ء
𾳣ħ֮ˣħȼɵأʮ磬ΨҶ
ɲ֮࣬һָʮɲǣһɲǾŰ𣬷ħһ֮䡣
ĸ֮ÿʮأĸǿԹ˵Կ϶ǣһصˣǼž֮˵Ķ֣֮Ȼ֮ʮÿһض֮
˿̣鲻䣬ȴƼǧˣǰѵһλǿߣ˼侹ѳַ֮ˣ⡭
ţ
º̧ͷһ˲䣬ƺҲϷʲô飬Ҳһ±ϣȻʬħ
ʬħ
һ˲ع˾ȻһۣͷϵʬħʬħѽΣѱȵǿ࣬ԪֻҪдһ㣬ʬħܻʧˡ
ǵ֮ʱʱʬħҲδɳʱˣʬħҲʧȴԶԶûôˡ
ϵʬħѲʶȴ񶼻δ㣬ʬħ˼
º˫΢ʱӺ棬ǰ⾿ʲôˣҲ֪ͬĪǰһλ̤뷽֮ǿߣǿߣ˭ȥӡڴˣ


1677 ɿླ
һ̣˶ˣи뷨һŴƽ֣ʵ֪ǰȴڴˣ
ߡ
ºһߣҲ޷ڴˣǧ꣬˰㣬ڵȥԪҲڴˣȥ⡭ߣϣû
˿̣˵ţȴδпٺ⣬ǧ꣬ʼʱʱȫǺ⣬ǧһҲƽˡ
ˣվ£Ҳûʲôġº˫һʵأε
Ȼʱϱֳʮƽóвǵƽô֮󣬻ܿһ˴·Уȼ˳ȥϣֻе
Ǿ⣬ҲǵһˣʱҲоóº輫ҪȥǾ⣬ϧ˰㣬ûȥʧӲȥˡ
һſڵǽ˵ġ
ˣߣºһȫˣ˭
˵Ѱʦתһ룬ڻ֪ǵѣֱ˵ѰʦĿδԣĿڵˣһɷһʬڤ
ڤʥ֣֮ǰʱʦʱ֪ģ˿Ҳ˳㽫˵òһ¡
º΢΢һʵˣʲôˣ
ʦ
ߣ
ϳºһĿһʬħȴһǿԪѹţղˣаħʦСӣ㲻ǰݣĳڴ˴ǧ꣬ûκв
΢һ˼֪˵ѣ֪ʦ˾û棬ʵǰǼҸղ˵ˡ
ûС
ºֱ˵ػشֵ뿪Ψн⿪ܵķӡƣҴ
а˼Ҫ뿪ûбİ취ˣ˵ȻԣղҲ˵ˣǰ֮ӲţƺҲûκΰ취Ҷԣ̫Σա
أº迴
ԡ
鲻䣬һʱһħ֮ʶǵħ̨ϣħ֮ӵеͨħƵЩɽ˵ֶΡ
һħ֮ʶԼԷԪֻħֶ֮һ̤ľߣôħܹʩչֶΣҲ
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ĬȻһŵֻҪǰӦԺ󣬲²⣬ѰһˣͬʱҲڱ׷ɱǰҵˣҵ֮Ի⿪ħ
ȻһУϸˣǰº裬ʵǿֻԪֻҪֻ̫صٶ̫徳ĸ֣Ҳ޾ˣҵʦʱҲ³ºˡ
֮󣬳ºһߣ׷ɱˣʲôˡ㲻ˣֱԵֻ̫صǰӦ֪
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һɲǣºΪأղ˵׷ɱģֻ̫ص
ʱصӣҲе죬˵ǡ
ֻ̫ص׷ɱ㣿ϣضĳҪĶСӣ㾿ʲôˡ
º飬ԽԽˣ⵹ЩԤϣ˵ɱĸ̫徳ĳϡ
ƨ
ϳºһ룬Ŀһ±úƾڵı£ɱĸ̫徳ĳϣŲɱ徳࣡
֪νͣڣԼֻ̫صǳʲôӸӵǣڵ길׵һУ벻ףֻ̫صˡ
ڴ֮ǰֻ̫صûҹ鷳Լ֪һڣֻ̫صȴͻȻôֻһֿܣԷѾ֪ݣҲӡ֤ˣ̫û˵ѣȷʵֻ̫صĳ˵Ĺϵ
һº˼ߵֻ̫صϣһѣǵõǼҪĶ򡭡ߣҪԸǣơ
ˣǰˣ±ضǰȳ
ԣºа˼⣬ڴ˴ǧ꣬ûκΰ취뿪ЩȻܹԪ֮ĹʬɵƾЩʬ֮ҪƷӡ֪Ҫ£ǰ˷Ѱ֮ˣγȥΨһˡ
Ҳգճĳһħ
ˣǰǾ͵ˡ
˿һħգʱ¶Էڣԥָһһħ֮ʶ˳ºüĴȥûʲô仯
ǰʾ˴ӡƣν⿪
ߣϸˣ˴ƣô򵥣вǻҷ³
º֪˴Ʒӡⷨʱ䣬Ž⿪Ľƣֻʱ䣬⿪ŵķӡ
¡
ʯ壬ķѣºһ´ʱ⸽һһˣ̸оĶǣǿĻ
ߡ
º󣬲ûվԭظпʲôֱӴ֮Ϸȥٶ̫죬һ·ϣеϢʵǰҪȥδ
ɿླ
ºһ˵ţһͶһö񣺡ȥָ֮պá
סͶĻ񣬽ϵϣûж˵ʲô˼켸ҹһѺǰֻǰƷ籩һ͸һɿֲϢ·ֻҪȥͻһ˲ҷ
º迴Ƿ籩ģ˵Ӵ˴ͨ棬ûԪԳ֮ȥصģһԻ㡣
ǰշ籩ͬȥɽʱɽ籩һҪ࣬ĿǰΪŶµħ޿ܳóȥ
ºסһȥˣͲҪԥҲû·˵꣬һ½˻С
һɲǣȫΪһɻ֣Լоһ˲ǿղŵĵȫǶġ
ߡ
棬˳ºʶҲԥ˫һ̤ѺȥӰһ˲ʧ

֪˶ãǰľֻµգɣɽ࣬Ȼͷ
ɿླ
Χ̣Ҳһֻʶһ˲̽˳ȥºҲӻˣһ°ϣСӣպʶ
ԣ̽ʶȻ⸽˵أСһЩΪ
¹£ȴº費ֻĬĬµɽ룬֪˿ڸп׺ɣڹ۲Ρ
һżת˵Ӧɿླĳ֮أСһЩ뿪
š
ѯʣɿླеЩ̫һΣ취ܷʦ䡣


1678 
ڶ죬һɽȣвľ棬ƣһɲǣܵһɼǿ֮
ɽ֮£һ֧
һû뵽طһº˴ۣǷǣǾ뿪
ȥ
ǿһЩѾۼ˲֮Բδһӹɽһɽ¶ȴ֪ܹŵöá
ܿ죬ѾУʱ֮ܵǿˣӦǾĽŵ£Ȼ֮̽ʱϺȻһն֮£˲Ƴȥܿһ
쪣
䣬ֻɽȻߵӰߣĸˣԳųŴӦĳŵˡ
˲һֻмһ˴ѾѣƲ𴦲ɼ

¿һۣһʱֻЦЩۼ֮Ҳ˵Щˣ컯֮ҲΪأĪ֮ϣ
㣡
һ˵һ˳һͦʱŭСӣղʦѾ˵װףҪʶô
Ҳա
һ˵ҲաΪҪ뿪ˣȴ˵Ȼ˵ˣˣȥգҪҵߡ
㣡
־ŭСӵʲôͷѵ֪˭˶һۣȻֵֽľ˴˴˲Ҵ
ͬ¾ŵֻ˹ʱɲһչһ˲仯ߵӰؿڵһָ

ָʱȫһ˳ȥ˫ȷؿھʹһʱվҲվȡ
˵һΣǾŵ˴˴ݹֱ顣
̧ͷ˿ȥһ̣˿ĿﾡǾ֮ɫû뵽ԷΪȻԶ֮ϡ
ʱȻһ˲Ϣ֮䣬һ£뷢׵ߣ߽̤ɽüһɫӡһɽķҲֹͣˣһΪ͡
ϣ
˻һɫʮɷףһȥԴ˼ֶ񶾡
ߣĿҲϣòŵλСѣȥɡ
ȻҲоóΪ²֮£һԷ֣뾪˴˴
Ͼ翽ںòʮǰ֣ڴ˽ʮʱ䣬ڵȵȶٹЩʱգȶˣʱţʱṰˡ
ȻҲ־ڱصãȻòϣñߣЩ˷ҪĻɱЩˡ
ֻǰߣû뵽ȻѾƵھž̤̫ʥ֮ȻĿǰ徳ڣһ徳ߣֻǳڣҲǾž֮˿ɱȡ
֮ǰĻȻҴ⣬ǧ٣Ծɳټǰʮ޾ͻƣ˵徳ߣ徳Ҳܴһս
ţ
ܵʱɱһɲǣҲ䱸֮УҲһɱСѣִҪȾָ˴ˡ
û˵𽥺ɱȴڸ߶Էû˿ֹõ֮Уػƴ
һЩϹŹɽ鵤ҩЩԲҪ֮һǾͱȡãû˿ֹ
ߣǾͿ㣬ûˣ
ٶԣһ缲罣Ӱһ㣬ȻֱʮѸ˽ס˺ºһ֣ͻᾪ˴
ȻΪ̫ʥ֮գѷ±ߵ߿ɱȣʱߣܹڲ£һ
ָֻһָ۵κνҪָ֮ͣˣǽϹۣɢһɲǣȴͻȻԭʧˣ顱һһָȥֻԶʯڣһ
ţ
ʱÿٶȣȻӦ֮ʱһ㣬˲Ϣ󣬿ϾΪһ˲ת˹ȥͬʱȫһ⣬ԷԷ
ȻվǲһһɲǣѽȫԪģ顱һһƴϣһ⣬ʱӦ飬ʱһѪһ󵹷˳ȥ
ϣ
߸˽һ򲻸ţȲ˵ֻһƣȻ˺ϵĻشѵѵһλ徳ǿߣ

վȺѸٵԼؿڼѨʱסɢһ̧ͷʱţһ֮ˣȻ徳Ϊֹܻ
ַ£ĿԶǼˣڣҿȡ𣿻ߣǵҲһȡߡ
ԣ˽һɫɷףȳһѪ˴翽ʮǰڴ˷֣ڴػʮ꣬СִȡߣĳչȻֹˣɴ˴֮£ļλϣѸӦСѾͲ½
ȵȣ
ʱ棬ºȻȥһղ˵翽ڣ
΢һﴫôĪǰ֪ɣ
ºѾջﱻǧ֪꣬ɣǱȻҲǧǰɣ̱ضʮֺ
ºʿǵʦΪġ
ԣʵ㣬ǵʦǷΪġ
һµʦ翽𡱵ţ˽һ˾ʲôߣҲ˱ɫܿ˵ʦ꣬գ̤⣬СѼȻ֪ʦĪǻҪ𣿡
ûȥ˵ʲôֻﴫȥǽ֡
ﲻٴˣãº˸˵Сжɡ


1679 翹ºӰ
ɽɪɪûٶԣղºˣÿˣŲԸἰĹҲȥʡ
翽ڣɿླȻҲЩʵҪõ֮û̫ϵ
ԶߣԼߵ߸ˣΪջ˴ȴֻӭԷϢ֮ڣ뿪˵ء
ԣǰ˸˽ǻһһ̣ݲǶ룬Ϣ֮ڣֻϢʱ뿪ϢһԷɱ֣
ߣ
ɷףоõϵĺɱͬһ㣬˻Żǡ
ת˲֮䣬˸˱㻯ʶˣɽȸָֻûȥЩˣֱ·Ȼղй򶷣ڲδ˴
˲֪ãźò׽ص׵֮ʱ䣬ɽ𵴲ֹɽǾҡ·ʱ
ԥһ֮ǬӡԪ֮УϴȻȥЩȴδ١
¡¡
ɽȣ𵴵ԽԽˣ˽ضƻ˴ɽˮ֮飬߽ظʱȡߴȡߣ翽ȡߣĳնƻ֮顣
Ϊδ֮ѿȻۣǧˣҲϧ
¡
ڱˣޱ֮飬һɲǣ֮ȥ֮˿ԥָһ֮Ԫ漴˫һţʷȥֻẠ̊́ɽȶˡ

ƻ轥٣Ҳ֪Ѿ˶Զȴδ뿪Ƭ֮أóȻȡ⸽ʧ⣬𵴲ֹҲһЩѺۡ
һУ֪Ƿ˿һ·ǳСĵϢʱԶһ֮ɨһ˲𴦷ȥĴҴȴ֪ʱ뿪Ƭ֮أʱһãƣ
¡¡
𵴵ԽԽüһҲϤҪδߣ
ڣ洫˳ºﱾǽ֮أͬСɣѹŴ˵翽ڴ˿ʮ꣬ҲȡߣȴһȡߣûɽѾˡ
ǰô˵
ߣ˵ˣδؾͻ
üǰΪңһУ㣬ҲѾû·Ҫ
ߣߣ
ʱºĻΪһϣ֮ͬǰջһǰǿг˹ȥ
һֱҹʱ뿪Ƭ֮أһɽ֮ϣʱһбң¹䣬ˮһɽͷߵ±ϣ쪣ѩ
ôЩ죬ɿˣҲ֪ʦʱںδǷҲܿһ¡
ºҲӻˣվԶĵط˫ָһţϵ
˲ʱ£չˡ
º£һ̾ת۾ǧѹϣټǵ˰ɣ
ȥһ·ϣδʱпǧӣ˵˶˵ؼ䣬׾Թ϶Ȼѣǰǧ꣬ÿһգ緲˵һδ֪̣ȴֲ׺ɣѱױ䡣
˿һ˵ţвκ鸡ң뵱꣬Ϳ֮ΣҲһġ
ºתͷɻǵãҽʲô֡
ǰճº衣
ºֵ֪ºֵĺ塣
ϵĹ£ȱ¹ͩ©˳˭˶翹ºӰ

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Ѿ޹ҰôʵԼǧ󣬲׺ɣʦˣδ벻ˡϤˣˣʱԼȻ̩Ȼ
Ȼֻ˫һһħ֮ʶʱӳºüķ˳һħ֮ʶʱֻصģһħ֮ʶصңȻǰѡ
ºתͷ˫Ŀ΢㲻Ҷˡ
ǰ޹ҰǣһƽȴֺγǣʱһˣȻǰҶᣬҲ޷ֻǶˣһ߿տǶѡ

ºͷһЦָָСӣҼѰ֮ˣֻϧ
ȥʵǰֺι̾Ϊ̾ϢԼΪʬħ϶Էȴк쳾Ѷϣѳɴ
ѳɴ
عͷϵ£˵ǰ˵Ĵָʲôɺ쳾֮˾˼ĳ
졣
º˫ָǳ񷶥˵˾˼ȻǳҲ֮䣬Ψ֮ϣΪ֮ϣһ֮䣬Ρ
תͷû뵽о˴֣Ѱ֮м룿
Ƭ̣ºֵҹΪӦ徳ۣ֮õõ徳֮ˣܴӦԣ̫徳ˣͲ׶Ըˡ
üһȻºŵʣȻˣʬħ޷㣬Ҫ֪Щν̫徳ǿߣҲסʬħȴܡĻ꣬ԶǿǣΪȴ̫ͣĻ̫ԶΪӦ̫徳Ŷԡ
󣬳ºתͷһؿòֵһֻͻ徳̤̫֮֮ͬУһƥУ˵֮ͬУǵľм䣬Ҳһϯ֮ء
ĬУȷʵǣ̫࣬һֻǣˣĿģʲô
ˣһЩطΪ̫ͣȥˡº迴ʵҪҵǸˣȷɿླ
عʱҲˣ㽫յ˵˳֮ºҲüãƶصҸղ˵ҪҵǸˣĿǰ֮أΪȴˡ
ʲô˼
һ˵üһֻº˫ָڵȥ˵ɿླޱ޼ʣܶطѰ֮ˣһҲ޷ȥеĵطȥһ޷
˼ǡʦпܱĳطˡ
üͷԽԽϸ䵱յΣʦһΪȻԶԼ֮ϣǼΪԼֶԸڤˣѾĹأ֮ûʱǿнԼ˳
ǷΣգһգһ㣬һ˿˿޷ӦʦϢˣԷͻȻʧһ


1680 ֮
½±ߵӰҹɫһֻ񣬳ĬЩգʦֻһֱϣ죬ﶼɴʱʹƾֻҲ޷ӦԷκһϢ
Ҳա
ֻº迴ȥʵǰڣӦȥδ
ɿླڻϤгºҪҵʦ࣬ͬʱҲٺܶ鷳
ȥڣܹȥĵطһһҵֻգ翽ǰ˸ˣЩ鷳º軺˵
շǰ˸ˣΪ翽ڱûʲôԹɱǰ˸ˣδҲϲɱ̫صӡ
Щҹ۹Ϊ飬ʹеɱ֮ԽԽأɾصɱ֮ҲУԭǸģ
ÿÿȥһطǻ鷳٣ɱɱЩˣһԶģɽӰ˵
ºתͷǰˣĸоԽԽˣһѰ֮ˣͨŵӣȻΪĿǰޣɽǱȴޣĳЩν̫徳ǿ߶Ҫ¡
ҪǣϣһѰӵеţţΨһϲſܻУհʱ֣Щ˵գ֮ʱüͷûһ£ЩˣΪԷһ̤Ͼʦ
ɸ֮Ѿ¶ɣʱգضΪһѹֻ̫صҲҪʲô־жܣ
ǰôˣ
ʱһԼʵºû£֮뿪Ƭ֮˵һֱߡ˵꣬Ӱһãֻص˻֮С
˿ϵŵĻ񣬴ʱҲԥ֮ǾϤɿླȻ취ҵʦ
ҹϰϰһ·ɽգΪҲƽأ˷УֻǴʱ֮£ʹҲ˼Ȼ
δ֮һ£Ȼ᲻£ڣԼһУʼ벻ףֻ̫صʲôϵĸףض֪һС
꣬ԼʦҲδ˵һ䡭ˣȻ뵽Ǵȥǣ׸ԼһǣֻʱδԵգ벢δøԼҲδ˵ʲô
ڣֻ̫صѾʼˮˣʱҲӦõ˰ɣһλȥ֮ضҪٸһǣǡҲȷʵһʮصĴڣɴĺ棬ԶԶֹڿһ㡣
Ļ죬Ļ졭ĻʵҲС
סָ£Ȼֻ̫صڱ󲼿أɵڻȪȣȴĻɱĸף˳𲻹죬Ļ쵱꣬ҲΪ˸ϵȵȣ
һɲǣǺȻ뵽ʲô길׾ֻ̫صʲôһԼòǵģֻ̫صҪ׷صɣ
˿̣ƽһУҲֻĿǰĲ²⣬һУҪȻȥ˲֪
δҲûиԼɣ̼ǵõһȥ澳ҵҽʥˮ̺ҩʥ֮ĻҲˮ̺Ͳۣʱδ뾹һڵ˹ĻĻ顣
Щδ֪ģѲɣǰЩй
³֪Ѿˣǰȥ⸽Ѿƽ࣬Ҳ뿪Ƭ֮ˣҲգڱЩ£רĽǰ⡣
ʱһطɽ֮ϣվʮӰм˲ȴ֮ǰ翽ڵЩˡ
ʦ壬ˡΪ֮ϣԵգղˡ
֮ǰ亹徳ΪǰλѾ̤徳ʦǰͷҲ̧һ£ʧأλɣҪܷĿɲֹһˣͬǰλʦ壬Ҳӳϵ𷣡
ߡǧ˸Ҵ翽֮⣬ҵҪǺηʥ
ʱվɽϵӰĿһǴźµ꣬һλ뷢׵ߣ˴ʱɫЩѿ
Ȼ翽ɿླȷʵЩʵһЩССɣɳλ̤̫ʥĸ֣
ؼǴ󿪣̫ʥ֮Ȼ伫ٵĴڣһܳһ徳ĸ֣ţܳһ̫徳ĸ֣Ǹ֮ڣ˸ҷǸһǧǰЧ
ֻɺֹǧǧ򣬲еĬĬеĴڶ˰ˣЩ±ߵɶԣ˵̫ʥ磬ʥ˾žǶԣǶǿɼĴڡ
һЩϡطڷ״̬ĵطԣЩط׼ʥѾǾˣʥ˼Ǵ˵֮ʲôģ֪Ķû
ɿླޱ޾ƶĵطǳ֮࣬ʤǸպ棬Ҳ֮ذˡ

֮Ѿ뿪Ƭ֮أʱһƬҰȻǲ̣ѾûѺЩвˡ
쪣
ʱǰȻһͣϵɱҲȻǿ˼֣
ݣ
֮ʣʮӰѾˣ翽ڵˣ֮ǰǰ˸ҲڣֻǴ˿ֻ̿ΣǸеһĻš
ԴʱЩˣȻԷ徳ĸڣ治ɫҷȥգλǲԸˡ
䵭Ϊϵ͵߸˽ǻһʶԱߵλϿȥ
𣿡
ĿʵԱߵ΢΢һʱ̧ͷֻ˵ͷ
ߣ
һߣȥȰһ䣬²ҪʶôҶֻض˼λ̫ϳϣʮ߳
Ŵһһ±ýҲƵһ㣬ϣʹ
鵭Ȼһǰȥһߵصÿҵ·
ʱԼ޶ãǺɱһߣߵɫҲһ±˲õĶ뿪ô
һɲǣҲֹͣˣһɺɱʱ֣翽ʮˣʱ׹̶ͻȻĺɱλϣǡǶԷ
һֻ̣ɫ˪϶Ȼɱղһ仰·ţֻ̫ص׷ɱʱһģһĻ
صɱ
ʱǺҲһ˸ղŻƽƽһνӣգ֮䣬ϵɱʮֹ
ʱ󷽺Ȼһʵ벻һɽҰҲ֣ȤȤ
ʲôˣ
Ŵ翽ʮ̻عڻ֮ʱֻ־ͷҶ𣬾а˸ˣ̧һΣ߷˹


1681 
һ棬黷ƣװݻҲ죬ֻ֮䣬ӱ
ʱֻ洫һΪ˭ԭ翽½λϣʧʧ
˵䣬ֻ棬һֻ֣Ůӵһ׾ƿһ»ӣӽ
Ƥϸ壬ŮӵļȴüĿӢͦҲʧţ䣬ϵһöε壬ⲻ˹֮͢ȻҲһ㡣
ۡһֻеȴ򿪣Ŵʱǰʮ翽ڵˣһȥʱ翽ϣҲϳˣ˲üһ˴˴೯ӣ䡣
仺ߵԣҡΣŶʮ翽ڵˣأ̬ɣȻص翽ڱһøʢȻ·˵ƺǺǡ
ԣǺߵĿ⣬ǱЩ䣬ֻ˴೯أ£°ɣ
𽥱ý೯ʵǿླ֮Ʈޱߣ˵೯Ļӣ೯Ļʵ೯أҲ볣졣
ֻ䵭һЦ˵˴ȷʵ೯֮أƻù೯һӷҼǵû˴Ӧƻùı߾ҪǰǼɽ೯޹ء翽ڵλϣⶼɣ˵ԭǿ೯֮أɱˡ
һո˲˪翽ڵڴ£˿գǵ೯ӵ棬޼ɣǿģ֮ˡ
΢±С£ƫƫҪǹȥֵǵȵز̫徳ΪƳе
һɲǣĿ⣬ǽ֮£֪أ˴ɽҰ룬ƻùͻפء
ʱ˿̣Ҳܵˣϣɱϣ鲻䣬еȣҲҡš
ȥϵɱ˴˴ڴˣƥ򣬶Ҳڸ
ȻʱһصҶȴһӰһλص͵ߡ
ӣߵ̫ˣҸȥǱ߼ɽǷ쳣ת۾ûӰˡ
翽Щ˿ȥһЦԭ翽ڵĶλѣΥˡ
̫ò
ߺĿ΢Ҳˣ֮£ֻգ˲ʵһۣСӣˣٻᡣ˵꣬ȥˡ
ЩԶȥӰüһЦŽȺϣת߻ǰ棬Цλ̨㰲ȫˡ
ҼʱΣա
ȴǱ˪ӣ˵ǰȥԭأһŻعֺ̨ȵȡ
㻹£
ͣ½Ų΢΢תͷ䵭ص
⡭
Цãˣ˱䣬˵Ǹǰ·߲ͨҿ̨ƺǱˣ⸽·ӵúܣ֮أҪȻ̨ͬаɣ
ء
˵תߣʱ̫ҲǰһֵСֵܣ
ţ
ֻͣϴЦ˵ʵģǰ빫ӹ֮ʱ⸽죬ǰȷʵ·ߣСǿǱȥᾪŵ
Цˡǰ·ӣ̨ʶ·ĻҪʧУҪȻһɡ
ü΢ֲãܸоԭ·Ҳգǰͬаɡ
ϱ𽥻ЦŶˣδܣҽ䣬̨أ
һ
ޡԭ֡
ͷǰ˵ڹŶδʱһ̫ϣΪǳ
½Ϊһ㲻Ѱ֮ˣʱЦʵӣƺǿླˡ
Ǵһʺ쳾
һʺ쳾ۣ֣˲ãһʺ쳾ʮǧأ˵ǰûؾ䣬سˣȻܴһʺ쳾ɿླ
Ը˵ͣһŷӦڴ˵飬Ц֣Ͻ˵
һ·ϣڽӣ˵ͣŴ⼫ٷŵӰȻʦδ롣
ޣ˶ˣ֣Ҳȥɶ𣿺ٺ٣˵δ䶷ླ˷ۣʱҪϼǧˣǿླˣɶʱ򣬺ٺ٣ܿɷѩأ֪ɷѩ̫ĴŮأҪһǣ֪ǡ
ӵ˵ţ֮Уƺ⽣ɷѩĽòˣ˵˴תͷĿϣһؿҲ˵
֣㣬ôʲô
ֵͣĿԼæҡֵ֣ǧĪҪᣬҿ೯أʲôŮûм˵ˣǾ仰Ǿ仰ô˵ţŶŮˣֻӰҰνٶȡ
ղ˵ʲô
ʵ
šŮˣֻӰҰνٶȣ
һ䡣
ѵҲ᣿һ䣬һ䣬Ŷҿ೯ӣʲôŮ
һ䡣
ţһ䡭ٺ٣ܿɷѩأ̫
ϡ
šδ䶷ླ˷ۣǧߣǿླˣʱһɶ
˵˴ü΢תͷȥŽŵľɶʲôط䶷ʲôмǧ߶Ҫȥܲ˵ӣʱʦ
Ҹղ˵ġɶǶôУڡ䶷ǿɾͲˣǿླһһε»䣬ٰ죬ʱȺۣԻᵽ֣㲻Ҳǡ˵ٺ٣ʵҲǳŷѩ
ŮˣҲӰҰνٶȡ
ӰţҶ졭Ƭ̺󣬽洫һЦû

ͬʱһƮѩĴ֮˿һСʱڳߵһǱ棬ֻһŮƾĳ۵ס
ѩ٣գȾһ˿̣˫ַϣѩָ֣ϸᣬ·Ҳ̶ɵһ㡣
ü䣬͸һɲʳ˼ֻ̻Ǵ濴̫ˣʱİѩĴѩ·Ҳ£ѩȴݶ



1682 
ѩ
ʱǰŮӵһλīɫ۵İ׷ߣŮתȥϡ
š
ī³˹Цݺ㣬⣬ѩƮľɫЦѩѾþǫ̀ѩˣ̼ǵõ꣬ǰѩµÿǱڴˡ
ʦ
Ů׷״ѩѩӰУ·ֻصǸĶ죬ÿʧȥʶ֮ʱһȻڴѩ֮£ˡ
Ѿʮʱ䣬ûмʦˡ
ŮӻعǰѩСһЩԵī³ϿЦǰһײβ֪ڰ֮ǰѾʧ꣬ûκ˼Ҳ֪ȥ˺δ
˴ī³ϻعͷѩ׷ףһ̾߰ǰܹͳһΣҲһΣʱֻʮһ㡭תۼ䣬ʮͷˡ
ŮӲټ⣬˵ϺͶϣǻڱչ𣿡
š
ī³˵ͷϣλǰλʦܹɡ
˴תͷŰŮӣüԥƬ̣ǵѩЩ飬ǰʱǾ㻹̫СԸǡ
ѩ֪
Ůһֿ滺Ʈѩī³̾Щ̫ڶϣ֮䣬ͺʵڱ˭˲һ
Ϸģһλ䣬ѩһᾡȫ
Ůһ棬˫·ֵӳˣѩ֮£һӰ
ī³üһŵ˵Ʒ磬ǰһӣѾͻ徳ˣҲ֪Ƿ񡭡Ѿ̫֮̽
˾˵һī³ϵѩȥһЩ飬ٹգɾˣЩʱգúϢҪ̫ǿԼˡ˵꣬תȥˡ
ŮȻվǰ֪˶ãһһѽǽѩףⲻ֮ԣѩ֮覡
ݶѩ

֮Ѿﴦ֣ʵ롰ࡱմϰϵȻɿླĿ֣ǿʹ˼Ϊ̬
Ի˿࣬ϡ󲻵áԹᡢ롢ʢΪ˿࣬һУ֮࣬ླĿ֣ȡ⡣
ʱڳҲ˷ܣ¹ѩˣַǷߵﶼУ
֣ϴǲǻ˸˵⽣ɷѩ
ڽ̫ҲûԸ˵⽣ɷѩǲС֪𣿹㲻˵ǿ϶ǲ֪ˣҸ˵ɣǰ˲ãɿླΪصĽɣ̫ʷǿ֮һûʤùеĽֻײβٶǰˣһγ֣ʮǰ
֣㻹˵𣿡
Ҫ˵˵ǡ
ŶŶҸ˵ʮǰʱ򣬱ǽŽѩ͵ģ֪𣿽ŴӲͽɵȴ˷ѩΪͽ˷ѩ̫ľȾ̫ؽѩˣ֪̫ؽǿŽ磬Ѿ֮һ
ǰѷѩ͵֮ʧˣû֪ȥЩ꣬ѩֵλϵ洫ǲˡ
֣㿴ô춼˵϶֪һϹķ˪ķ˪ķܹǰ޷֪ôɷѩȻܹķλָ£Ľֱֻۡ
˪ķܹأÿһأһԾתһʱữѩ̬ڳѩ̬֮£ͣɵתڶʱữΪ˪̬һ˸ҿκοˣᱻΧ˪֮סҲʧȥˡ
ɷнµ˵ţֺٺһЦ֣֪ʲô𣿡
Ŷ
ٺ٣һͲ֪Ҹ˵ɣɷѩģǽ˪ķתأ˪ķתʱữΪݶ̬ݶ̬ðɣʵû˼ǺҲµģǳˡ
ͣͣһֱ֮ʱһ㳡ǰֻ㳡ɽ˺봦һӣΧˡ
ǰ⣬ԿһЩ棬˵ˣ֣ʮĸ֣ϴδ䶷ǰʮǿˣÿˣν
һ˵ţһŬ漷ȥһãһãǶôˣ߶һãҺֽȥ֣ҡ
ò׼ȥҲȥ˿ǰ֣ϷǸһŵ֣ȴǽɷѩɷѩ֣֮£ڵڶ


1683 ɷѩ
Ŀһǵһ棬Ʒ硱֣ԵΪעĿ⸽ЩֵүǣԶҲһЩ毺õŮӣǿһ֣˫ųգ·Ѿ̲סĵ
ԴһĻ޸УֻصղŰ˵似ôһȴ

ԳԸĻУʱһŻعЦһ㣡֣ҸղŲ˵𣿽ɷѩʮǰǰ͵ģʱʮɣһ»䣬㣬Ҳʮ꣬ʱʮ꣬ȴǼѹȺˣжֱӴ򵽵ڶȥˣǳȻ̫Ʒ磬츳ٸߣɱϾֻʮ겻Ʒ˶ꣿܱ𣿡
š㣡
˵˴ϧһ̾ҵʱ̨¿ۿģ˪ķתڶأ˪̬֧Ųסֱӻ˹ȥɲˣ˵֮˯Ǵοǰλ϶ŻˣȥǰҲҲ
ӵ˵ţȴüһ˯ΪδʱšδЩƣ
ĺɫĺϣ㳡ȴԽԽ࣬ǰϹ⻪֣֣ҹɫ£עĿˡ
֣ôһڣͲˣɶأɱ·ˡ

ҹյɽȥǺӵޱȣһѩվǰȾ֮
յƵ˫ۣҲӳǺӡ

ļգڳĴҹ䣬˺Щ죬Ҳû꣬Щ죬Ҳ˲ˣླ˷ߣò֡
һգѾˣԼԼܹɽһƵĹű
ո⸽ʱܵˣһ޵ǿϢ𲻱Ҫ鷳ûʶǱ̽ȥ̶һ˲䣬һϢûˡ
֣㿴ˣ
ָƶ˵ĹűƺԵ÷ǳ˷ܣЩ죬Ҳ˵һЩɿླ
̫ɿླһӴĳɣ±ߣɵģĸΪǿĸɱǣ¥̫ƹ
Щ̫ɼ俴ƽͣʵȴϣ˽ﲻԼһ
ٺ٣֣Ҹ˵ǲˣ㿴Щ죬ôߣ˭ڳµģôˣ㶼ûп԰ɣ
ЦٺٵҸ˵ǰ˵ǳһλǿߵģɣȻֻǴ˵иˣȴеģ֮ǰᵽλţǰǲˣһΪܼһ˵գȥ⣬һֱʧɷѩʮǰġ˵Щ˵룬ٺ١֮ǳˡ
ʱ˵ЩȤΨһֻ룬ҵʦټʦһΪ˼ڿླܲע⣿ôˣΪȴһҲ̽йʦϢѵûڿླ

ٹ죬»ĳ֮գʱƵ˲μӱԣʤһֱԣ߿ѡ֮бԣԱõӿǰ
˸ΪģֱǶϡϡϡҲǶӦ𡱡ҡ롱㡱ޡǬ˸˾С
ĹҲܼ򵥣ҪߣֻбʯɣȻƥ֣һһϣȻҲʵһ֣ã˵һ·ƥ䵽ΪԼĶֿ֣սܵһ־ƥ䵽Ͻǰʮǿˡ
˱һ죬˸˿˶ȥ˻̨ۿɽ˺ַǷ
֣֣ղŻڣôһգֲۣˡãã֣ģ֡
Ⱥ棬һżѰʱֻԶһӰ˹˰ѩȾ˳貨һˡƮƮһʯ̨ϡ
ɷѩɷѩ
һ£ʱ·ȺѣһλİŮӣǽɷѩһ̣ɽ˺ϣ䱾ѰʱĿڽɷѩϣҲƴסһ㣬Լʲôġ
̨֮ϣֻƮƮ˫գ覣òʳ˼ֻ̻峺ŵֳ֮ȴ˲ҿ
ݶһڱѩ֮Уڱѩ֮Уķѩĸ衣
ʱȺ֮УҲԶԶؿһۿʱԺ棬뵽ǧѣ־òǧѱһЩأǧѸһɺ䡣
ʱԶȻкһģһοݵӣüĿͬһʮֲĸо
Ʒ硭ҲˣƷ磡
Ʒ磡
Ʒ磡
һ̣±߲֪жŮҵػţ׵ӣڽɷѩ֮¡
̫ĳҲڣ±߸вţˣһǲ׵֮ӣһǽʮȵ֮ŮŵĴˣһεĻ䣬пͷˡ
ѩʦãþò
ƷԶĽɷѩȥкһЦݣ뽣ɷѩݶһĺ䣬ȻɶԱȡ
±ȺҲ۲ֹһεİ֮Ϊҵһˣ»İ֮ɰм֪̫󶷵öôң
ڣһҪʼˣֻǶ̨İϣֳ֣ѩ󿵡
⡭
±߲˾һɷѩϤˣ˭ûô˵δҲ̫ù˰ɣһϷѩˡ
һѩ󿵣λһϳʧܡ
ʱֻĳҲ̨ˣƷɷѩȥЦ벻һԣǷѩʦõ
Ȼɷѩﲻ࣬˫һ㣬Ƕ̨Ϸȥ󿵵Ĳߣȴٳδ̨
ʦ֣Ҳ̫ù˰ɣһˣҪˣۻܽŲμӺ̭ҪȻ˵Ļɻ
䣿ƾɶ䣿ǽˣǵ̨ɣҪûдô似
ֻһ׳˶ӷɵ̨ȥ쳣ߴƤڣֳѴͷһʮִ󣬺ͽɷѩѩ̬Աȡ
٣Ǹˣ˵Щ׻ɷѩ֪Ҳ飬ȳˣѽѽѽ
һ˵ţһ߳˫ͷɷѩȥ±߲˶ȻʧЦ⻹вġ
˿ƴ³ʵȴƤһСӣжȥȴɷѩȻʱֱ΢΢һ̧һɳǺһ±㽫󿵶˱ּ˸ᵯָĶ󿵱Ʊһ˳ȥ
ޣ
Ⱥһ»ⲢδϣȻ£˱ٰʮ꣬ҲǽɷѩĶ֣ļ֡ǰϣ󿵵ʧˣֻĳϿЦһѩʤ
ֻ˫һ㣬˶̨ѩ˽ƿôһ㣬볡ƣôÿ
Ƭ֮ǰϣֳµ֣һ
֣˼ǵãһƺǫ̂£𽥰ֻĳϸһһλ
ţ
ΪˣǰϿȥֻ棬ȷʵԼ֣ô¡ĪǾԼͬͬգ


1684 һ
˴λ䣬һ㾡ȫҲعڽţ֪𣿡
Զϯλϣ뷢׵ߣһµӣԼΧٵʦʦá
ӱǷһε»䣬δܽǰ٣ܹڼ˵ӱ˵ռһɷ֣ʵҲǲС
λʦ壬İɡ
ֻ˵ͷϴǳǳŵЦݣղλʦֵֺҲ˿һδ˵ʲôϴνʮǿˣǾ鷳ˡ
ȥɡ
ʦ֣ͣ
ΧʦʦãҲһЦٶԣǶ̨ϷȥƮݵˣ˿ˮ
ǰڵķ
ȻЩ±в˶ǵң뵱꣬ٿգȷʵ뵱ǲͬˣһΣֻҪƷͽɷѩЩˣҪǰ٣ǲġ
˿̣վ̨ϣȻһΣɲΪǰٶʮǿֻҪʮǿЩϵڣҲӶʢ
һ£һɵУǰʮǿĴڣ¼䣬ж֮ͣȿֺİ룿
˵ʵҲ˸Ÿɵͨɶ׿Խ֮ţô׿Խ֮ˣοһ׿Խ֮ˣһĬĬŵɣ
һʮǿôʱڶü˶Ľʱڻղˣŵż࣬һΣλϣҲ˲Сϣ
ʱֻĳҲЦЦǵƬ̣ȴһ̨һȺﶼʼС
ȿȡ
ֻĳɤӣٴ±һ̨ԣһӺδʱ̨ʧܡ
һԲ̨ȺﶼĪһӳ˲
⵹Ҳ֣֪еĻ䣬һɱʵӦһȡ̭õߵΣĻղһ֪УѻʯװԪŪһӮģȴˡ
һ̨
ֳ˼Ȼûκ̨һأ˶üҪĻǾˣҲʲô˵£װʱ䣬߻мǧ˵أÿξΪЩʱڣŵ±һ¾ܽĻ䣬ǵô²ꡣ
˶ȵЩͷˣڰǱߣʦʦǶ˵ûǸһʦ֣ӳˣٺ١
Աߣλȴʼն̨ϣĬɸɵôãҲԵЩͷˣ̨µλ֣ǲ򣬱˵һ˰װ׺ķʱ䣬ʲô˼
̨˵̨ɰմ涨˲̨ҲȵһӺ󣬲Ȩⳡֱֿս
Ⱥ棬ѾʼˣΣѰǸһˣʱѾЩԾˣƺûԼ֮ͬͬˡ
֣֡
ʱֻȺ棬漷˹áãһðιιιһðȼаУһãûʱˡ֣֣
òڼ˽ڴֹ֣ôˣ졭죬죬ûʱˣ̨
ô£˵
üһĿǱЩ£ڨڨһЦͷٺٺٺ١죬Ҹ㱨ģϲⲻ⣿
㡭
ղһµˣʱֳִ̨ϵһ̨
ֿ죡ˡ
عæ̨ϺˣЬЬӾϣȵȡ
˵꣬æعͷʹ֣ȥˣ찡ͷٸ͡
˶߿˹ϳ䣬һֵǲ೯𣿡
ˡúܣĪȥ㿴Աǰ׷ӣĪǱһղһֱվ̨ȥҲ֡
ʱ̨ϣҲ±߿˹㵽״򲻴򣿡
֡찡
һƣüջһԾһǶ̨ϣʱһƬĪμླ»䣬ҲաʦڸܿԼûҵʦֻ̫صˡ
ֻվڶ̨Ե׷ѩ޷Զһɲǣ̨µ˶ס˺Ȼǿ͸Ϊһ;ԲѰ֮
⡭
Ǳߣɫһ䣬ʱԱ߼쳣ʵʦ֣ôˣ
ãˡ
ֻĿһϣһ̣ңصϢѵǡ
ˣ²Ǵ˶֣
δ䣬ԱߵĵǶ̨ϣҲһгģ˵ǣαڴ˰װ׺ķʱ
ְɡ
һ֣Ҳ󣬷һ䣬ٶԣһһֱ򣬲˿أ
ֻ̨ϣӰһɲǣ̨˽ס˺ÿǿ
Ȼһ˲䣬ȴһ̧顱һǰǱ裬˿ǰвãȴǴ粽ƵվԭأȻҲδһ¡
֡
һأ䣬Ҳһ£Ⱥѻȸڳ֮ˣĿɿڴԶǱߣλ߸һվΧĵӣҲסˡ
飡
һ죬˷ӦֻһѪһ󵹷˳ȥȻǱԼˡ

Ǻһ˲ɵУסķһ֮̽£Ƕ˼˫һ²Ѫ˿˺úݣ
ݣղֻǶһ´Ʒѣ˷ģȫԼԼƶأǱ˶ء
Թŭ֮ɫһ̨ϿȥȻǶ̨ϣȴѾûӰ̨Ҳع˲ˡ
֣֡ôֲˣ֡
Žż⣬̨ϣղֻգһֲۣˣʱһ´ٸұҾͰ㶪ȥ
Ӵ
һתȥֻ֪ʱ󣬸ؿڵ֣ôûģ඼ųëˡ
ûתȥȥʱһ̨֮ϣվһѩŮӣԶȥ


1685 ¥
ҹ֣Сĵƻ̺졣
֣𰡣߰˴ɶҪȥ¥ǰһˣ죬Һòװ̫֧
һƻͨǰֻקͣߣֺٺЦ֣㲻ỹΪҸ㱨¶ɣҸ˵ɻøл֣
˴عͷˣַߣѹ֣ı£׼ǰʮ֪ǰʮʲô𣿡
ΪȻ䵭޷ɽֻǽʲôؾˡ

̧ͷһɫؿش֮Ƚ֪ˣٺ٣ǿߡ
ȥüͷһ塣
ղŲ˵¥ٺ١
һصӣȥˣ¥ŵͦţʲôõط
Цٺٵ֣Ҹ˵϶֪ɣ¥ɲˣǰǲǸ˵̫ĸʮӴ¥̫ƹƹĹǲˣ¥ȻҲƹµĲҵ
ƻ貵Ľ󣬶νġ¥Σ¥ɣֿժǳһ¥ȷʵģӴһվʱΰС¥˵ܹжٲ㣬ÿһ㶼а˸ǣ˸ϣңҡȥǻʡ
ֻԶŵ洫һ֬ԭȴһ绨ѩ֮ء
ˡ
̻֮أһȤҲޣתߣæס֣ˣûȥˣ鰡
תһۣ㲻˵ŮֻӰνٶ𣿡
ǰû
һӣȴ̯һЦֲ̨ԣö˶˵ģʲôߡ֣Ҹ˵ǧҪᣬ¥ǿɲʲô߰ĵطҲ˶ȥãǶʿȥʿ㶮𣿡

ｻľƳ˻˯֬˵ӢڣԹ߽жӢȴ
ӣѽ
Ǻǣ˶ߡ
ӣβһĪҪɫ
棬ͳǳãһ˸ʣһԵǳҹҲɡ
棬òֺ̤ϸЬ沽ûоӯɫݡ
һԣһˣ⣬˵ʿ֮أ

ÿϵɴǿɲǣ㿴
һ˵ţһױȻٱ£ӰˡҸǻӰҡǣоƽĪʹ׿ն¡㿴ĲˣŲʿ
Ʊһ󣬽һȥȴʱֻ֨ѽһŴ汻˴򿪣һ˱ǶֻǰȴվһԼʮòŮӡ
һǳǳɴ££ѩ֣ڴ˿̻谵ĵƹ£ǽѣ·ֻһۣѡ
̹
һ¾ѣ˴ϵеļλˣűߵŮӣҲվˡ
ǣȳȥɡ
ǡ
̵ķԸ£мλˣͷȥˣһ׷ȥǣ߰ſڣ˿ǰλ̴ˣֳ˿һЦٺ٣֣Ըȥ棬ˡ
תûʮɫĲ̿ǰӣδ¥ȴ˱ӡ
֨ѽһŹˣǳǳһЦǹд𣿹ӺԴҴұҪȥһ˵ţһ˻ȥҴǣǡ
˵ƺƣʮָ˳ģΣҲίʵɰʵǽ޷ò
ӣ롣ӯӯһЦ绨֮ģ֮ԼãȻˡ
ӹƱһֻУƻһƣָǳǳ㡣
湫ⱭƣǷζһˣ
ǳǳһЦһϣ˫ľϣ˿ӣ㵹˵
һֻ̣еЩͷΣѾǳˣ˵ھ¶
ۣ
̱һ仰ʱģǰϣЦҪڹӵľ¶¥ҪҪȥˣ
ΪΣоЩѣΣ
Ϊˡ
῿ϣɴµļѩ覣ţһѹţȥΣա
ŶжΣա
ЦȻǿϣˣ谵ĵƹ£˵Ҫж
Ǻǡ˰ˣˡ
̼ˣһЦһƣˣ˵հ죬̨һ£̾Ϊֹ
˴˹ƹĲɵӣعӦ˰ɡ
̧ͷ㻹֪Щʲô
ŶҲ¶ô
һЦģҹɫҲŷʵƹ⣬

֮μһԣʣϴһ㣬ԴƷֻȥ
һ£μ߰˳ԣÿһһдƷֻ̨Ŀ࣬һε»䣬һƥˣ֮ǰû˵
һЩ̫һ־翽ͽܣʯһλ䣬ǰʮǿһΣڽʮǿıϣǰ
ۣ
һѪӿʯһֻ֧ڵϣʵؿԶǵӰСУԷ˲
̨£˶ĿɿڴǰǼһнԷ̨һɸ˸е𺳣ʯ翽꣬ΪԶ˲һһǰ˲һ

翽Ǳߣڳļλ޲Ŀ¶ɫţ˾ȻǵˣȻֲʲô

̨ϣֻʯһʵŭ˫ѸٲѪ˿͵վپۣһ
Ȼûʲôãٿ죬ǿҲвʮ޾飡һؼ죬ֻһѪӿһΣڳܲסˣĽ˳ȥҲ˳ȥ

Ϸգһ½סˣʯʱѾʹȥվ̨ϣأûκα顣
㡭翽ڵĳԶԶĿѣգҲֻܴʯԶȥ
̨µ˻вȻľֻĳϣһʱûܷӦΪ̫徳֮£֣
ڳģȴ֪֪ʦкźɣֻ֪೯ƺϵãѵ೯ˣ೯У˵õ֮δ˵


1686 â¶
Զ̨֮ϣɷѩƮƮһ˵ӰûȺһطһӣҲȥķƷ磬ҲΪס
̨عȴѾӰˣʱв˶ۣ翽ڵʯ̫ϧˣܴǰʮģϧȴʲôˣ
Զмλ߳ĬأȻ̫ĳϣһΣԭΪƷĶֻ֣нɷѩɲȴͻȻһ˽֣һʲôͷ
֮һΣעĿһΪֲΪһ仰˵˴ΪͬУ˲δ˵֣Ϊء
һȻҲвʿĽʶڼ䣬䵹˽ʶ˲ˡ
˿һջķȴһˣдţֻд
ĸ
£ڼʶ٣λ̫峤ϣʱ䣬̫ңĸ಻صĺŶˣ;Уʶһλѡ

֪ǽʿ֪һɣ£δи֪֡

ϣعĸҲøҪлֺͻʽ㡭


˿һ¥ֻüѾȥˣʦİϢѵĲɿླôȥֻҪֻ̫صˡ
һ¥δ¥ȥѰʦֻˣɷʬڤˣΪ룬ֱѰʦĿ̫ˣʱ̫ƹȷʦǰ֪ʦĴڣֻºһ˵
λ֣֮ʦǺɷʬڤһͬ׹ȥģֻҪҵɷʬڤ˵ټôȻܹҵʦټ
ˡˡ
ʱȻһֻ𣬿ôˡ
֣ڰٺ١
ֻ˽Դ˵ⲻٹЩգҪȥμʮǿˣԹȽʮǿʱҪȥˣǿܣмʱˡ
ãûˡ
⡭
Ц֣Ҳ̫˰ɣ㿴£Ҵȥôĵط
ָ¥
ǣ꣡
æ˸ƣ濴˿С֣ǧȥ¥˵ȥ̫ڸء
ˣȥɣҪ׼ٹЩıˡ
һˣԭ֮ǰֻӦӦⳡ䣬Ҳ֪ģͻȻˡ
ЦЦٺ٣ãҲˡ
ȥգȻԽıԻԽѣ֮ǰһб㽫˴̨Ʒ硢ɷѩЩ˵ĿԣҲѾԽԽˡ

䣡
һ죬̨ϣХʯɽһƽ˳ȥȴȻԭزղһƣѾоˣԷĹʮҲ֮ãĶ֣ԽԽǿʦʦҲڸ
쪣
ֻԳƬ̣ѹһΣٱʮ޾˲ת鹦¡һ죬վȣֱȥʱֻݡһоһöٿسȥ
ֵģ
ĽţĶѾԽԽǿˣȻҲʼɣվһԣ˵Ц

ֻһ죬һöذʱ͵һ϶䣬¡һʱ쳾̨סˡ
֡
һĻţԶˣһ´λվˣܹǰʮ

˽֮ʱֻһҽд̨ϴֻ̳һӰ˳Ѫ
ƺƣ
뷢׵ʱȥӽסֻԷѪһ֮̽£ǽǴϣ
ƣ
ĿѣղŻúõģһ¾͡һ£һΪԼȴýǴϣô¡
̨̳ɢɵ̳ɢȥ֮ʱȴѲӰѰңҲҲ
֡
Ҳ죬ô£ôֲˣҸղţղһôоù졣


1687 춯
һž˵СֻɫЩɷףϣһϸ֡
һܸоʬħһЩ仯Ǳñǰǿˣ·ʱ׼ŷһõס
㲻ܿʬħʬħ㡣
ʱºԺ˫ü壬ָһ˳󼲼£Žһƺѹȥ
ãϵ亹ʧʬħѾˣʮǰʱʬħֻ粻Ŷ̶ʮȻһ֮
һʱʱʬħ׳֮ʱȵʬħ֮գʱϵ£֮ڣֹܹ
ıԣڵʬħǲҪ˷ˡ
ºٴδԺ˵ͷĬʱһٵ֣ôһˣþá㣬û°ɣ
û¡
תȥʲôҲûеӣʵΣ

þòŷӦһЦõӣô飬ԭĶֵðɣԼֶƺơе鷳ˣҪ鵤ҩ˵ûʮģԻָ
üղ̨ϣ̳ʱ֪ôʬħͻȻһɲǣǿнѹȥֻƺƣˣɱˣʦɱˡ
ʱģЦǸû̫鵤ҩأ峤Ҳڣƺ˵ģҸղŸ˵ġ
š
ûԣתһͷȥˣ뿪׷ȥ֣ȥİ
Ҫҡ
ðɡ
վں棬֪ΪΣܸоͻȻЩֵֹģȥıӰǸ֣ʮ㲻Ҫ˰лУǳϦҪһڿջģҾ㰡
֪ˡ
תۼ䣬Ӱʧ仹վӰʧҡͷЦһȻܸоģܺù͢Щίߵˡ
Ȼ䣬СƮ˴ѩ̧ͷȥֻĴѩƮ䣬Ϧ֮ҹ͢Ҳģĸ˵⣬ҪȥһˣɽЩʱû˵ƭˡ
ʱ˱¡ţһȻʼձ䣬ĸ˵Щƭ˵ˣƭ˵

ҹѩ׷ɣַǷ̻貣Ƹ
ʱһ׵Ĵֻżλ׷ߣ̫λݲ͵ĳϡ
峤ϸղ˵ڡ롯ܵһֵϢ
ߵϣһµĳϣλ³Ͽȥ³ϣǴ˴δ̫峤ϣ̫徳Ϊ
š
ֻ峤˫Ŀ΢ף˵һϢӦǴӶ̨ϴɵʶ̽ȥʱʧˡ
Ѹ٣ӹ峤ϵʶ
ԣߵϵĳϣüͷɫ𽥱ұһµĳϵʱ롯һӦһƺһѵ
·˶ϸ˼һϵĺ³ϲſڵһδڿླ˵һΣʵȴԶԶԤϣѵ
峤ϵ޶ۣλӲ²⡣
ǡ
Ǻüͷһ壬ֵڿླδ˵ˣͻȻðʼվáЩ̫
峤۰룬һ˵ླ֮һ磬Լǰؾ䣬ʦ˵ڼž֮ǱߣӦһʮ쳣ȴ˵Ǿʲôͷ·𡭡һ硣
⡭
˴·øˣһ磬δҲ̫ĵˡ
һұߵϣ³ϿڵһΣ峤Ǵ㣬ǰ˵İ˸ˣȥž֮һ̽

峤۰룬˵˼һΣ֪λк
⡭
±߼΢һ˼㲻뵽μž֮Ǳ춯ླֲֹ̫һЩϼһȥĻƱҲһЩϼһʱһȺϼһŤһ飬ǿɲÿ
ܹ»ǰ˵ˣ޲츳֮Ʒ硢ѩơЩˣļҲ˵ܹȡʤЩȥĻʲ
룬һλĳ˵Ʒͷѩǰȥ޷ֻǡ
˴̧ͷ̫峤ϣɫصʵҵҲȷʵӦ˼ž֮Ǳߣʱʱ춯֣ɷ峤˵⵽ʲôԭ򣬻ǰӵؾ䣬־ô¡
⼸˵ɻ峤˼һ˿ȥ˵дԣϹʱڣطѣ綯ңһħӡ˽Ըѹ
˵ЩϹŴ˵⼸ϵɻ󲻼ЩϹʱĴ˵ˣδػڣ


1688 ѩ׷
ϰһߵǺ³˵峤ϵ˼ǣĪǼž֮أһӡ֮أδЩοЩ˵ݿԣʷ伮ϣ޴˵ȼأҿ¡
ֹ峤ȥͷҸղ˵ȷʵֻϹʱĴ˵Ǽž֮أȷʵ쳣ƵƵֻߣЩڶ˵ǣ뾡֪﷢ʲôǰЩʱգʦɳӹȥ̽޹Ϊ̫ͣ档
š
Ŵԣ⼸λ϶˵ͷұߵλ³ֵǽһ£ȻУҲʱţЩħ˿ӣȴ˴ΰ˸˳˵
ߵϣһ˵֮εİ˸ˣЩˣ
ѩʵСƷҲض˵Ǹһ˵ء
֮漸ҿ˵

֮ʮʮԽԽңһ鵽ˡǩս֮ˣƹһŮӡ
˰ˣһҲˡ
ƹŮӿҡͷЦȴ޿κΣ֪Ķ֣Ҳѣһֱӽʮˡ
ʮǿѾ֣һֻһΣʵǿ࣬ĳ֣Ҳ֮⡣
ʮ˽Աŵ󣬽֮ıԣԱóȫ֮ʮ˵ıԣʱΪҡ
֮ʮˣ鵽ˡǬǩ˿̨̣˶ŵĿţҲʼΪȻʮӮˣɺǰ˵ģǹܹӮ𡭡
¡¡
˫Ƭ̨̣Ҳֹ̳ɢȥֻ̨վŵˣǡ
֣֣
ȥ̨Ƭ̣ҲڻعǰˡȻǰˣ
һգǰ˵˶ˣܹǰ˵ģܽʤΣǶѾǸ֮ˣߵģ𾴣˽ģʮպ󣬽С
ʱ˿̣˶ڲ²⣬˴һ˵ˣܹߵȻҲ˶Դ˲мһˣʱ̫ǱߣвٵӶЦ޷ðˣʮƹʦˣⳡʮˣһģҪʦ֣Ͳ֪䵽ȥˡ

ʱúܿ죬תѵʮԪ죬ϣƮŴѩȴȳϦҪ֡
һڴѩĽͷߵĻЦ·ȥԪϦδڷĽϡ
ôʲô
Ҳ
ѽô˵˼һ᲻˼㡭ϲ𣿡
¡
šҲϲ
ٲ¡
ţ㡭ܣ㿴򣡡
䣬ܹùϵģҲֻˡ
һĻһĻ·һ㡣
ӴⲻλǰôһĽϣһҲû𣿡
ʱ߰˸˹󻹸żСʦãǼСʦüֳںǣʦ֣¡
ι𣿡
޶ãֱû˸ﶯ䣬οǰˣҪﶯ£ֱȡʸЩˣ˿̲޿֣ǣ̫ˡ
ÿ
䣬ȥЩʲôִ˲ãƸţ˱˴˶һۣЦӴͦأҪأȥƿߣִҰ
ʲô
ʱһȴԶֻһӰ˹䡣
ӴⲻǴ೯𣿡
ʲôǲǣ
ָ̫ЩˣȻЩˣȴ˿޾ӵݣһЦôӵ£Ϊ೯
ǹˣ
һХֻһ¼һƽϵĽɫƣ͵ųһӰХѩ裬Ľʱ̫Щһˡ
ֲǶ֣
佫Уһʱʢ֮죬Ȼ˽೯ǵУ
̫Ǽ˾֮ǰȴ˲ˣʲô˸£
ôղﲻǺ𣿰
佣ָǼˣƵЩˣһɲǣϣҲ˲˼ɫӰʱְסֱۡ
֡
عͷ˿ȴֻҡҡͷֶǰȥ
֣
̫ǼһۣҪǰ׷ȥȴֻǰߴһ䵭Ҫҡ
֡
һԭأԶȥӰ·ϵѩµôһЩûӰ
ƣ˼һأǺǡ߿
̫ǼЦһԶȥˣϵѩԽԽ仹վԭأһʧӰ
ʵǰģΪ˶ãҪ೯ˣҲ֪ȥһǷټ졣

ѩԽԽĳ֣Ҳ䣬̧ͷƮĴѩͷİ׷Ҳѩ
ʮ죬ߣβ֪˼١ȱԲ临
Ըһ¶׷㣬ġ
ݵΪȴƫƫݲһ
İѩߺХ˫磬Ҳİ׷ֱһӰһֽɡϷ
Ըκ˲Ϊ뿪һ졭ж뿪ʱ򣬾ͻжѹͲᡣ
ô㣿
ͻȻعǰǳǳЦݣŮӣȴһ¥̹


1689 
Ҫ£ѾЩչˡ̿һЦ˵
Ŵԣһ±˵ƹϢѵѾ̽ɷʬڤǶ˵ټ
̼صӣһЦ˴˵
˵һļ֮أͣʵѾ̽Ҫҵټˣ
Ӳ
һ˵ţһȡһϸӹϸʱܵһѪɷʬȾѪѪӦǱȾʮˡ
̵ǰɳȥ̽ˣڱ帽һŮҵʱǶʬȫѪԪ񣬶ϣȴһɷ㿴ϸϲϢǷҪҵ
أϸӦϸѪɷʬ֮ȪʦãʱӦϢȷʵϸϲϢΪƣѵɷʬڤô
̹﷽˵壬ʲôط
Ӳ
ּ̿صӣ˵֮أΪħ̾ᣬڱҲһħ̣µӶа帽һŮȥħ֮ˣѾ˼׷飬ֻȺϢɡ
ȻóȻжɷʬڤˣΪߣڵΪ򲻿κһ˵Ķ֡
˵Ƕ˶֣ɿླ̫Щ̫徳ϣ벻ɷʬڤ˵Ķ֡
֮棬Щųϼһ𣬶ɷʬڤɱ˴Ϊȷʵʮֿ£ʦһͨҲӦ
һЦڴ£ڣҲعڷŶˣձǹӰ˽֮ԣǰף쿪ʤ

һҹδߣ峿ѩһҹղڷ磬ε»ѾӽβҲΪҵıԣһδ˱ѡλȴԿʼ
̨棬λҲӼ˷󷨣Ĵ̫ң˫ٶ̨У⡣
һΰ˽ģϵģȻһȥ׵ߣҲ֣ƷЩˣ඼ˣ֮òȥᣬֻΪ޳ֻԷϻ֮ͯػ֮ʱе˲ںòֻںΪߵֻͣں򲻻ط
ǺǣСһ·ȷʵĿ࣬С϶ٺ٣һأСǹȥˡ
й˵䣬ȷʵҪƷЩ곤һΪҲһλ䣬ĽһתķϧƷ磬˵
һҲǵƷ統ʱҲֻǽӮһҪǹͻȻܷɣֻôһ㣬ܵĽ֡
ʱĽʱƷܣһ۷Ծʱʮ˵ĽɷѩȻǹĶ֣ôǴλ䣬ǹռݰףϧͲôһ㣬һΣȻǳŰȥģһΣƣҲûлˡ
ʦ
ʱԶңȵЩӣһŵؿţԱ߻һߣ˫ָһǶ̨ϣǹʦ֣ҲңȵĹ
ٺ٣Сѣ׼𣿡
ְɡ
̨ϣһ֮УһԪԹ涨ֻܶɽıУʹʶƷЩ޷õġ
ٺ٣ˣ
һȻһӰһ˲䣬ѹǰ˼δӦ˲Ϣָ֣У͵سؿȥ
飡
ֵסһȴֻеؿһ𣬽Ųˣ⹫Ĺɼһߡ
ٺ٣Сѣעˣ
һɲǼ䣬ʩչ˶֣ǿ缲꣬κηĿ϶һ·˶̨Ե̨¹ս֮ˣ޲źԹۡ
飡
һһһֻѾ뿪ֻ̨һֻ̤Ƕ̨ıԵһĻʱ̨²һ
֣
˫ĿԲһֱ䲻ݷĵֻȫ֣˫ٳһǿһƣɽ֮һ£˶λվһһذɣ
ڽ֮ʣֻһ㣬͵̤գݷɶٲȻɲĲһȥӰһƴգЩԼ͵̨ȥȻعʱָֻһ콣꣬ٿȻն

ֻüϣ˫ƾͭһ㣬һնĽֵָסˡ

һ죬һԾ̨ϣҲסһƣٺЦСӣӡ
أָһһХֻصߣԶ̨µЩˣʼŻعǰߺǿƣߺĽ
ֻһ˫֣·պһ㣬ĿҲóһ˫֣¯࣬ˣǵƷ磬ҲЩһ˫֮£ѰҪһƴУǶһ˲䱻ɢ
ɽžûôˡ
Ȼֻһ̤䡱һȫԪһϵϢһ˲䣬ǿ࣬һ̨̣˶ס˺ңȵĶķ˲
˲ÿ̤һһ֣ɹȴǿ࣬УҲܵ˲˺ӳɣȻķʮ˼ңȵͨӣԲķްϴתķ·ɶܡ
ʦܡ
ԶңǱߣңüû뵽ô죬ʦܱ㶯ó˲ˣ˲ңʦ£ÿ̤һǹô򵥣ȻɷҲأҲֻ̤ϾʮΣˡ
ٺ٣Сѣˣ
ת˲֮䣬ѹ̨϶ʱƼ˼ԣףССһ̨ϣ쳾
ãȴأʤ֣ڴʱԶѾӰˣһ˰ƮƮǽɷѩ
ˣһ˿ݣ̫Ʒ磬һһϮ£٣ȥʮ¥¥֮ӣơ
ʣڰ˽У˶ʤˣʣµı͹ĶԾ˴ڣȻʤ
һ̨֮ϣֻһλɫ̫۵ߣŶ̨ϵĶԾ̫峤ϡ
˿ֻ̣ü΢ĿһϣϣδӦκϢһգӦһһŵĹϢ־Ժδ
뵱ܵϢһ˲ĲоǵһϣǿϢѾ̤̫徳磬ÿÿһգܵδ֪ϢȻϢĸо


1690 ǰ
䣡
һ죬峤֮ʱǶ̨ϣȻһ죬쳾̳ɢȥ֮ʱֻ̨ϣЩϣ˳ɫ·˫ƸǱһ㣬ȻѽңȵĶķת¡
ٺ٣СС϶˲̤ڶ
ң뵱Ʒһս˲̤һȫڶ̤֮ʱȴ÷ɵһһѾ̤˲ĵڶŵڣ˿ɵļҲûУǵ̤ؽƾ䡣
ٿԵУղǼ£ѾϢЩңǰ⹫ʵ֮ǰԤϡ
ʦܡ
Զ̨£ң˫ü֪Ѿܹ˲̤ǰˣΪ֮ߣҲ󳬳Ԥϡ
ٺ١
Ȼ䣬ֻ˫һ̧ȫһɳϢʱΪӿɢȻϺ֮£ڳˣҲܵһϢһѵҪ̤
̨ϣ˫һһɲǣȻܵһѹ˷ƶУô̤
ǰǹ۲쵽ˣķʮأÿ̤һʵһ˲࣬Էֻ̤ѾеЩ̤¶Ըˡ

ֻһȣ£ʱɴܣһɰϢΪӿɢ˳ȥ̨ʱӿɱڡ
Զڳ֮˽һ㶣Ʒվһ¥ϣʱҲü˵ңķˣ̤˲ذɣһսȻ¡
Ȱ
ӿɱһ̤ȥһ֮ǿҪ̨̤ϢһɲǣֻһХƳգȫ֣һȥ

Զ˽һܣȻֱ棡Ȼ֣壬ǹĵһ˲䣬ΧһУԻᱻһɲǵĿֲ÷飬κο֮ˣؽ겻棡
֣
̨£ʱŵɫһ䣬һ̣Ѿܵ˹һֲϢʱȴܣȥ֡ʯζ

ǣδʧһֻ̣̹ǲԴ͸һ˹ġѨ
һɲǣ˫۷Ʊӥۣ׼˫һ˹Ѩ
ʦܡ⣡
ԶңɫȻ䣬˲ȻÿһһšڣʦţѨСο͸ġ
ţ
Ȼһ˲乫ҲܵΣδȫ̤Ľ鼱֮£ò̧˫ƣһѹסˡ
Ȼ˫ѹסһ˲䣬вλӰˡ
ϧѾˣ˫ѹסһ˲䣬ͻȻԪһ㣬ӰзѳһӰһسϴȥ
飡
һƴУʱһѪӿһ̨µ˳ȥ˲ĵվδ̤
ǳֽӰһҲɢȥˣԭһӰԼı𣬲һӰӰ֮¡
̨˶Ŀɿڴ⾿ʲô˽ڻӰУҲδܲ
ʦܡ
ңѾסһöҩ˹סϢƣղһƣ飬Ļˣ
ٺ١ȻǺη
ҲֻǿϧҲûл֮ˣнʧ֮ıԣӦܹõ塣
ɪɪˣҲعǰѾˣ̫Ʒ磬Ľɷѩ¥ĶƣһΡ벻һ
ΪңҲڴİ֮棬˴ξ˭ף
Ⱥ˶ʼʱ̫һλ䵽һ̨ϣֱ˵֣˱ȥ̨ϡ
ҲˣֻǳϽöƣԽϣǻȥ׼ıԣдǶֵ֣סıԿʼǰýøκ˿
Լƣûκ¶Ҳ޴ȥ²⣬ǵĶ˭
ֿʼΪβԳǩʽˣôأ֪
֣֡
˳֮һ·͵͵棬תȥں棬ʵôˣ
ٺ١
ͷһЦܿ˿ˣС֣ܲܰӸҿ֪˭򡭡
üͷ΢΢һ壬Ҳûԣȡ̫öƣ˹ȥסһЦһˣ֡ɵ̧ͷʱǰȴѾûӰ
⡭ֲˡ䲻Цһͷϵʱȴֲóüġ
Ǻˣڴ˴
ʱȻһŮһЩƸ˦ȥתһ˲һסˣɣѩ


1691 
ǰ֮ˣѩ٣ϲһɲʳ˼̻ȴݶһ㣬̹ǡ

ɷѩΧûˣȻΪ೯ĻӣһʱҲ֧֧᲻֪˵ʲô
ɷѩŵƣüһ壺øˣ

䷴ӦƲ󣬺ٺЦ㣬ǲ֪ҺֵĹϵСڹһͳġ
˴˵Ȳڣȥ
ɷѩûֱһȥˣ俴ԶȥӰԭ˺þãֱʱŻعæݴȥɲĳϷˣȻʱ˵

ʱתۼţһ죬˲ˣõĶ̨Ѿĳ̨Ե˷󷨣ҲԶ֮ǰĶ̨̨࣬İлһѰѾ޽ԼһЩƵ죬ЩԿɹ֮ʹá
̨һΪ硱һΪơƱá
ʱ̨棬ѾΧˣŸɵĵӺͳϣնˣڵȵʱ֣Ʒ˫˫硱̨Ϸȥ
޽ƾնһƵ컷ƣԼ˽󷨣֮ʱҪ֣ҪС̨ϵĽơ
ԭǶԾ
˵̨ȺƻȻһ㣬һЩ뿴ɷѩԾˣæ̨Ǳ߸˹ȥ̨Զǿ˴ˣʱ̨Ǳ߷Ҳ߸˹ʦ֡ʦ֣
Щˣȴ̫ˣΪʦֺͽɷѩ̨սû뵽ʦȴһսһϹˡ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
±ʱвЩԹһ㽶ת˹ȥʲô㲻𣡡
ĸ⺿
̫Ǳߣ㽶Ƥʱǵس˹꼰æԶȥ˵Щ㽶Ƥˣһǲÿ
䲻ʾҲҹȥ˭Ҳ˹䣬һѵڶ࣬ܿǱͷȫ㽶Ƥ󻹱Ƶ÷͵ϮͷǷ֭
ӡʲôʱ̫˹̫ǱߣһȺֵĵҲλϺȳȥ
ûʲô԰ɡ
㽶ƤϺһҲһͻȻйһ㡣
ʱԶҲɵĳϱ˴Сţ඼ҡͷƺôһԡ
һΪһǺͶƱԣƵΪѷƷ磬ͶƴһлȡʤɶƷ硭
ûз֣Ʒڣû¶ʵһҿˡ
̨۲ֹһ߸мλ뷢׵Ҳ±ߵıԣ̨̨߶̫ܿ峤Ϻ̫¥ļλϡ
֣ˡ
̨ϣƷ˸ƣһ˲䣬ͬʱԭʧˣٳʱѸڱ˴ǰһƶϣ䡱һ̨ʱһԱߵСܲסȻ촷ۣʱ̨ɳ̡
̨£ʹŷ󷨺ͽҲһöᣬһЩýģֱӱ˳ȥ
һ̣˲۾û뵽һ֣Ǽԣκλء⸽ûз󷨣̨ûؽƵĻֻ¸ղһ£˱㽫ⷽԲһȥˡ
ȫع̨϶˵Ӱһ˲ʧˣٳʱͬײһ𣬾ףͬʱҲ̨쳾ҲöᣬæԶһĵطȥ
ɾԶ̨ϲϴľһδζ޲еϢ
Ƭֻ֮Ƿ̨ϣ󷨵Ѿ˻ȥ̨ϣҲ˲ѺۣĽ磬Ǳһ㣬ȥʱķѡ
˿ڸ߸֮ϣλ϶ų̈ķԶ̨֪˶˼ңӦ˷̨ԲŶԣ̨ǱߡǱ߿һۣѩͶҲ
䣡
ڼ˼֮ʣ̨Ǳߣִһ죬ų𵴲ֹ쳾ɢȥ֮ʱֻƷһѾ޽֮ϣУѾһɽ
ǰѽϲɫ⣬뽣Ȼһ壬һ㲻Ƿ̨˾һ̲ס˳̫
ѵǡ̫
ѹŽ֮ڳ֮ˣ޲ɫ䣬֪ɿླֹѾ񽣣ΪʱΪĸãȻλѾգȥ⣬ֻ񽣺ִ˵
񽣣ȡΪ̫ס̫̫ʼ̫ء̫
̫ؽǧǰΪãʮǰְ̫ؽ˽ɷѩ
˿ƷѹŽ彣֮һ̫ǵ̫һλò״һֱ̫ؾ֮ڣطӡƣԷ˿죬ֻŷʸ⡣
һΣ˽δ뵽̫ţ̫˳רԸɷѩ̫ؽˣѩΪޣ޷̫ؽȻҲˡ
ʦ֡
ʱ̫Ǳߣһʦʦܶסˣû뵽һž񽣽ʦ֣ǰƷ籾ǴڶϽɷѩʱչ¶˽û뵽ȴƵòǰ˽
̳ȫɢȥֻǷ̨ϣһѺۣǸղšƷһ¡
ڳ֮ˣ޲һ̨ϣطƣⶼնˣ֪ղһжֲѰ֮ˣֻŵ㽣ͻҷˣ̫񽣣Ȼ¡


1692 ̫
Ⱥһ±ѻȸ˶Ʒǰ̫ȻѾ񽣣жǿ֪һ񽣣д˵һѽͬʱ֣±Ȼ䡣
ЩǼûпѽӰʹ꣬Ž̫ؽ˷ѩʵ̫ؽƽѩʹʹǰѽΪ˪족
˿ƷĽȷʵ̫ˣӣת뽣Ȼһ壬ǿĽǸƾնľ޽Ҳ
ϢԶһӰҲŴʱ̨ϵһУƷǰѽ֣̫
Ӱʲôˣǳº裬ǰģԲܼڻ֮УΪ֮ˣֻԪڻʱ˵߶ϣܻ˲

һ佣Хֻ̨ϣƷ糤һбָ棬ϵĺʹԶҲܹĸܵ
ҲûϷѩ̫ؽ֮ǰȻܹƵǰֳֻ̫̫֮ǿ׼Ԧģ
ղһԸܵһɡ㡱֮УĻöԷɵֵ
˿̣Ʒ翴˿̫ѽ˵ǼλչزΪ̤̫徳̫ϳϣҲ˵ܹ׼Ԧ̫һսսپΪʱϵԽãԽԦ̫

һ佣ХһɲǣƷѲ룬һնȥԶˣһ̽ס˺һѾʯؽĽ֮ϣƷһٿȻ⸽ľ޽
һն˲䣬ָֻһ飬ʱһ̹ɵϣһƷӭȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϣ̨ϣʱ˸졢ʯؽǿµĽ£һ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ֻХ̳
̨ˣ޲ľȻһЩĩ˶ѸԶĵطȥ̨ܲס˵Ȼһ±꼰
䣡
̳֮УһϣһΣֻǹ֮УƷ˳վһϣеĽƽ˲˹ϷһĽХ
䴵ȫ£˵˽ס˺񲻶ղǼѾܵˣƷ̫ȷʵʮǿֻǴ˲ȫӴ˽֮
ܹٷӳѽɵͱ붯õ۹£ֵܵˣҲϾӲʦʱ
ֻе۹£ԪͨÿÿУϴı֮УֻܹܵҹյԨ۹½һɲǣ·Ϊһ壬۹µĹ¼ţҲĹ¼š
ֻǣ۹½ɱ̫֮ˣĽĳȻ෴Ըõ۹µԭʱһãԣҲⱻ۹Ӱ졣
ɪɪƷվһϣԶĶ֣˿̣ĽڲţڲţϧղǼûشԷ
̫ӹɣֻΪ໹а̣±Ԧס̫ˣʱԷδ£ôµˣп
ĶͷϣѾһ亹˳üģһελЩδ˶֣ǵһ
¡¡
֮ʱȻһǷ̨ϴֻ̨ϳط̮ˣ̨ѺۣǷ󷨺ͽ磬ˡ
⡭
һĻв˾һȻǸղ˵Ľ̫ǿ̨ҲȥˣֻһĻ̨ڶ˵Ŀֲ»ҷ
˺󡭡ˣ˺󣡡
ִ̫ϣʱվ˳ά򣬽֣֮ԶԶǵԤϣû뵽̨ι̣ټϲƣȴǳܲס˵Ĺ
̳ˣڽ룬һ̨Ľ糹ױ飬ν롣
ӡ߰ɣ
ʱ̫ҲߣעĿһǷ̨ϣӰ˵̫ٵȵȣȵȡ
¡
̨ԽԽˣطѾķѣĳˣֻʵԶȥֻ̫Щʦʦãǽŵؿ̨ϣҲû뵽˾ԶԸ
ۼ̨ʱ߸֮ϣλҲأȻ֮£ҲǵԤϣ̨Ѿܲסˣٴȥ̨Ʊػҷ
˿̣ڼ˶ڿǣҪҪֹԣպһ̨ϲֺµ̨ԡ
һ̫ϿȥЦ벻һΣǰ̫Ҳóˣ
̫λһȡ̫Ϊ˶Ըѩ̫ؽ̫̫ͬΪ񽣣ѩĹϾƷ磬ҪԦ̫ѡ
һΣ̫Ϊܹ̣˭Ҳûϵ·ɱһһһεľ֣Ϊˣ÷Ѳˡ
ߣǲҲǻһ̫ؽ
ʱλһ˿ڷ˵֮ʱֻ̨ϣȻһֱϾƣһɰ罣Ҳʱӿɢؼ䣬ʱ̨֮ϣɷѩͶƶܵˡ
һ̣ͬʱͣ򡰷̨Ǳ߷ȥֻһĽ⽣Ҫ񷶥һǡ̫⣬Ȼɣ
ѩͶƽδ뵽Ǳ˾˼ңƷ̫óˣһ
̨ˣղרĿŷѩͶ֮սȻҲ̨֪ǱߣƷѾˡ


1693 
Ȼ
̨棬ڳ֮޲¶ɫֻƷǰָһϻȥһԪעȥȫԪע̫ϣҪעһ
ʼɣһɲǣʢֻƷһնȥ罣һն£֮ƣ
ȻʱԶҲܵļɱһԽԽȫ֣Ȼ޿ɱܣ

Զв˶һĻŵþгԭֻ˫ԣһ̣ݻԾһ֮£ȻǱ֣֮
֡
Ҳסˣʱ˿̣·ʲôҲˣֻǷ̨ϣ⣬Ƭնӳ˽ɫ͵Ľһ½ûˡ
ӡߣ
̫֪һ½ţԶȥһɲǣˣΪٸߵģԶȥ
ˡ
߸֮ϣλҲʱһȥֻҪ̫峤ϸһ˲䷴Ӧ˹ܵĹϢǷǴӴϴܣۿƷ罣¡
Ȼ׼־֮ʱȴȻ˫һһһ
һɲǣת⣬˲γһƬɫĻ֣ϣһ̫ͼ֣

ֻһХһ»ѣѻİѣ֮䣬ǻѣУصĽӰȻһ˲䣬ϵ̫ͼصγһ޴̫ӡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
̫ն£ʱƾ䣬ɽһ˲ʧɫ̳֮УΨ̫ͼһɫĽâǳһƬɫĽֱǡ⣡
¡¡
̨һ˲߽⣬죬Ի촷ɢȥķ磬һ˲飬͵ĽȥǸһУ̨ͤ¥󣬾Դݻ٣ҺѾǰ룬һ֮£
ɪɪ̳þòɢԶҲĿ࣬һȫʯһ㣬ͬʱҲ£Զÿ죬ղһ£ֻ²ҲҪˡ
֡֡
Ҳסˣֵ̳ĳأȴʲôҲǸ̳Ѹɢɳһϯ˹գ֮䣬㽫˶棬նʱûһƬ˶ŰѾ޷ˡ
ã⸽̳ɢȥȥΧȻǽһƬκ֮ķ̨ϣȴƷˣǸվһʯϽ棬Լʮɾ룬еĽأָŶԷ
ס֣
ʱϼͬʱ£˼λϵģһµĳϼ˽յΪֹ
ȻΧķѾȫƻҪôȥֻ½ȥҲֲʤ
ʱڳ߶ţȻδսͨ󷨣ҲʵʱԵһĻҸղӿɢԶˣܵˣ̳֪ĻΪҷˡ
˿̣㳡һƬǽ壬Ҳعȴ֮ɫʵ˴˿̾Ȼ𣬸ղôǿĽײоȻû£ǹɡ
ȿȡ
λӸ߸ĳһʱҲ֪ǺãڳػˣȴѷʤҪ˭ʤ˭ƽֻ֣߸ս
һʱ䣬λ϶ò⣬ֻ̫峤Ͽȥֻ峤첽˹ŴʱƷ磬¶֮ɫ
˵ͷ۰룬˵˽ռʤδǱ̨֮֮ϣһʤɣ
ԣԶɵ˶׷׵ͷ¿ҲֻˣƷ翴ȥʵʵȻ֮ǿǰһ·˶ڱʵ
ԶҲһĻ˵ķڷҲδؼ˾ãֻź˲վδ̤Ļδزһơ
Ƭ֮ȥ棬һǱ·ȫǷ֭Щ߰Ķʵôˣ
ûûʲô֣û°ɣ
Ҳȫû뵽ƷһâҸղƷôֲһסˣΪѵѾ̤̫徳
̫վһԣҲվСˣһʺ쳾ˡ
ʱƷһʦʦôԾƷ翴˿ʱû˸ղ̨ϵıɱֱǸ˿ݵӣһЦڴֵһԡ
˵꣬һԶȥˣǰ֪˭һõķѣ˹һӣҪһȥȴһ°סҡҡͷ
֡
عͷһ̿ǰ֮ˣ𽥱ЩãȻԺֻɽʱ龰ʱû뵽ǿʵǿʵҪɱʱ翽Щˣֱ練ƣʱûС
ԪϦһָ̫ܽЩɳȥҲûС
һ̣ͻȻȻƺ֣ûЩһʶ
ǻص꣬ŵʱˣͬǴŻ䣬ڻ俪ʼǰͺͲطȵִ˽ѶԷˣֹˣţҲûٸ˴ܡ
ѲǸĵˣ֮ỹǰһЩӱִܶǶɱ̫ЩСʦСʦã޷ֻɰˡ
㡭
ͷЦֳƷЩȥķȥֳüңƷǰ̫̫ˡ
û˵֮ǰ̨ϣһֱҶȫ֪мλǰһֱڰţСģʬħһɲǣҺһ˲䣬ʱʬħѹ˻ȥȻ볡˲δ֣̫徳Ϊѷڵʬħ
ԭڣһƺпѹʬħϴǧ£ȥҲɢˣ֮䡣
ûһƺѹʬħ·ø޼ɵˣҵһѹʬħǰСܹ˹ʬħпɳ֮϶
ûһƺѹδʦҲߣһʬħ޷ĿǰĹ˼ɣһֱҽʵޱչֳ
ԶɷѩͶҲߣ֮ıԣվǶϧܣ벻ǸʮСѾͷѲˡ
ʱ˴ǽһƬ̨ûˣƲ֮ɫɷѩɫ糣ֻһĿţԶӰ


1694 Ѫ
ҹעƽŸɶۣڽհ죬̨ϣƷһսķˣһ»䣬ԶԶû˼ңһһǺ
һ쳣İߵϣоȼʱ죬ߣżˣǰļλϡ
һΣλʧ˰ɣ
ȻżλۣƷհǳ֮£εıԣȷʵ󳬳ǵԤϡ
Ϊأ˵һʺ쳾հʹǿû
ߵϣһλɫ۵ĳϻ˵⼸ԣ˳˼ãһ˿ڵҹȷʵΪѰƷһֵܵǿ֪
˳ĬȻ֮ˣŵΪ˽⣬ɽհʩչĵȴûм
˵ǿླһʺ쳾ټʵڿ⵽ɵĵ
ã޹Ƭ̣һֵ֮ıԣһƷ磬˭ʤ
⡭Щ˵
ǰã֮䣬ɶӿƷ磬ǽհһ춯صıԹ֮便ǿһʱԷֱ档
Ҳգǵ֮ٿɣҪ֮£Ǽž֮Ǳߣ죬ŶԽԽвħ֮ˣѾȥˣ£λο
ϣһְǰǿѾˣԭļƻЩձðȥž֮أòӺЩˣڼž֮ǱߣҲóȻ̽
һ˵ǼħͷһǰɳȥǼž֮أҿҲ򵥣Īߡʲô
Ŵһһ˳˼ԽԽֻеоȼʱᡰž졣
Ȼž֮ʲôô̫ҲӲ֣֮ɿླǼħ̴

ͬʱһƻͨĸ¥ֻվӰһǰƷ磬ձ֮ҹδһˣһλ׷ߣָֻ˫ü棬˿ȥʮࡣ
ʦ
Ʒͷû뵽ⳡԣȻʦˣǰλЦİ׷ߣ̫ŷ磬ҲƷʦ
ãŷתհƷǳԣδֻ֮󣬲ŸģȻҲһ֪
ˣΪΣ
ˡ
Ʒ̧ͷʦ˿̵ʣҲüտڵ˵Ϊֲڵ֮¡
š
ŷ˫΢΢һʱδڿླ˵һ֣Ҳ̫£ĴˣǺ
Ʒܴ˭ıԣӶᾡȫġ
ŷһתŴ⵭ɫòŵƷ磬Ѿúܺˡ
ʦ
Ʒһ̧ͷԭΪΪεʧʦϾһΣʦͳǣ̫ϣϣǴ˴Σδܽվԣܵ谭
ŷתὫַļϣģȻȥǲЦȴͣÿˣһļ裬ֻвϿЩ谭ʹøǿƷ磬һΣ͵һɡ
ʦ
ƷҲû뵽ҹʦҪԼԼ˵Щ
պıԣʱΪʦҲġ
ŷ˵ͷתҹɫصΪʦҲҪһʲôˡ
½ҹŷȥֻʣƷһڸ¥ĵƻ𣬷·ȻճţǰǸγġ
ʦһʧġ
Ʒָ̫ӽĦ̼ǵõ֮ʱһο˽ҹƻͨҲˣһο˽ʱĽӽǴ˿

һƷָѸٴӽϻýһĽȴС˽棬ĽУһ˿ڣѪҲ˽֮ϡ
հʱ޷Ԧס̫ܹٷӳ̫һɵҲڣƵòעһȫԪע˽ϣȻ㣬ȴ޷˼ˡ
ڴ˿̣˼޽֮ʣȻ䣬ڽϵѪȻģ˽һʧˣɫĽϣһѪ漴û޺ۡ
⡭
һĻƷ粻һɫףѵȻԣ̫Ѫ
ǵѪħ֮ˣаõķһ֮ˣ飬ѪֻҪʱһãķУͬ빲ʳСڣһ˵
Ϊθղţ̫ȻһɲǣƷ֮Уһâ

ܿ죬ֵ˱֮գһ죬ˣλϣҲӼ̨˲磬̨֮ϣҲӹֳ̨࣬⡣
㳡۷׷ףвˣ˶Լؾ˭ʤ˭ڶһ̨֮ϣֻһλЦİ׷ߣŷ硣
ΪŷͻȻҲвۣû뵽ؾȻ̫˹һԣȷʵʮּˡ
ڷ̨ϣֻƷˣվһվ޽棬ԼŰɾ룬ΧҲ˽󷨣ƾնľʯؽ
쪣̨˵𽥱СˣûбӮñԵɣǣߵһˣҲû˺ɣ͵һɣҲʦ˿ҲںԶĵطš
֣ˡ
Ʒ΢΢һ̧һֳ̫УǽϽɫĽâʱ̫öĿ

һХҲԣɫĽ⣬ԵԶ̫ǰâ¶
һ˲䣬һ㣬ͬʱʧˣٳʱһһϣʱ䡣



̨ϣӰ磬Կ쵽˼£߸ϣֻһһâײһÿÿײǷ
һ̨沼ؽ磬Ҳ̸һϢȻһΣ˵Ľƶǿ࣬Ʒ̫



һһȻһɫâѹס˱ɫĽâһ̣˶λվŷҲ˫һƷ̫ãѾȾ磬Ϊգ˲ʤԡ


1695 ˭

̨ϣâ䣬˿ȴû˿̫ɫõĽâһ˿ɼѪ⣬ֻһһˣ̫£ûκλֵء
ôᡭ
˲¶ɫʱһĻȥǱգΪ˲һһֲܲ٣ɽգЩֲסˡ
ΪˣƷ̫ãˣܷӳ̫Ҳǿˡ
֡
Զţô£ôŶ̶죬Ʒ̫ˣѵǡ
׸̨Ͼŷ翴ȥɣѵŷ磬ڽֽţ
˿̲ڻɣˣжɻǰʱƷ̫ûôǿŶ̶գȻܽһѹŴδЩھˡ



һһɽѣÿֵһ£е˫ѣ֣ѾЩľˣʦԾɳǰǾǿ࣬ʱѾܲס̫ǿˡ
ʱУȻҲɻ󣬲Ŷ̶գƷ̫ǿô࣬Զɱȣܿ죬Ѿܵˣǽвŵһ˿ѪԪϢԭˡѪ

һֱӱ˳ȥһ̣֣ҲϲţѣϷĽȻƷһ㡣
ʦ֣ʦ֣
һĻ̨в̫ʦʦöŸɵҲסˣƷչֳʵԶɱȣһΣǳ䶨ˡ
̨ϣƷҲһ˿ǳǳЦݣȻѪ֮󣬲̫ǿ̫࣬Ҳǿ˲٣Զһɱˡ
֣Ҫ𡭡
˿̳֣Ʒ翴Զ·Ѿʤȯգһ̨̣Ҳˣһ
ֻսָһΧľʯؽһǽԱһ㣬Ѹγһʱ佣ȣʹԶˣܵˡ
⡭
ͻȻĽԶ¶˾ɫܹˣ˵ĵȷʵ˵ã˵ĻڸղƷһ֮£ֻ±ܡ
ô
Ʒ翴ŶԷĽƺδԵ⣬гһ𣬾콣ȥȻҪǿ
̨һǿƽҪȶԷǿ
ٿԭزһľʯؽʱƷնȥȻǿĽ󣬾ҲֵסƷǰѽâ¶̫ľʯؽ̫һһնΪ촷ۣ

˲Ϣ֮䣬Ʒǿ˽һն࿹ײ潻֮䣬ȫһ𣬾ƵòȥСܶȫٽ⿪һΪʬħȻƷӡѹ

һ£˽ע֮£̫ͬӿĽһ¸˳ȥһΣҲȻ޹⣬Ϸء֮
޽֮ˣ޽нָһһҶԿΪҲãҲգΪֻϧδľ硣

һĽХƷԶЦЦص֣Ҫټôһҿɲˡ
ŴԣԶ˾һ𣬸ղһȻֵģǲ֣Ƿֽ̨ȥ
ڶ׸̨֮ϣ̫ļλϣȻжߣһŷԣСʦ֣㿴⡭
ŷΪԼƷ˽⣬λȻƷ硰Ѫˣʱڣ˴ͬʱҲȥղһûмܹӵסˣҲ治򵥡
ʦ֣㿴ҪҪ

ŷҡҡͷȻ̫ļλϵȥ̫ɣϾѪһΪ֮ȡ
ŷȴôΪ飬ƷȻܹѪ˵õ̫ϿɣܷԦסܷ񲻱̫ɣպܷɽͨԣҲһֿ顣
̨ϣŲ̋£Ϣ񣬾ʱȻֻƷɷ֮ɫһ̫֮Ҳһ˿Ѫ⣬ʱʮֶݣҲ˿ˡ
Ѫ
ʱ˳ֲýƷ̫ǿ࣬ԭѪ
ȷʵǵѪ
Ʒ絹Ҳ̹ȻԴʱ˵ɻҲ˾ͱϾѪҲһܹɹģ˵ܹԦ̫񽣣ˣܰ쵽
ܹѪԦס̫ȷʵ˵á
ԶвһĶף˵ѪΪȡ޾ԣ¿ƷܹѪǺ¶ǻ£ǼԦס̫̫ɣֻԴ䣬Ǿͳɻˡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ֽȥѵҪеֿ̫ͷǱѰƷ绹ܹѪǾ͸ǷͬСˣѱɫĽȻȥҲǷϾѵ̫֮Ψһܹ̫ģҲֻе꽣Ŵѩǰ̫ˣѽͬΪ񽣡
Ȼʱȴֻ˫һ̧ʧˣȴδһֻ̣Ϊģ·γһεǸʯ˿УȻ۾
СӣҪʲô
֮٣ɻֻתȥڽҷӡһ顣
ʲô
˶Щ˿֮٣Ϊˣ˿̻Լӡʲô
Զ߸֮ϣ̫峤Ҳɫһԣⲻڷӡӡסĳѵһʼ͡뵽˴峤ϲ΢΢һ䡣
ɷɷɷ
ͻȻ֮䣬̨̨ϵ죬ҡһɲǣҲ۾ͫ֮Ӱ֣·ɫĻ棬һ³֮ͫС
ǡ
˽Ըеһϣ֮˵ĿⲻͬͨˣȻԶСҲˣʱ˫֮вŵɫӰǾʲô
䲻֪ʲôȴܵõ֮ӰĿֲһҲǷͬСɣˡȻһʼʵ
֡
ԶҲסˣȻ˳Ծ֮ʱȴͫ֮ӰѸʧˣ·꼻һְ㣬ϢҲˡ
ˣʼɡ
д̨˽һ㶣ô£ѵ֮Ӱ
ڸ߸֮ϣ峤һһɲǣȷˣôһֱеɻԭˡղţ꼻һֵɫӰҪ֮Ӱ֮Ӱӡסĳִڣ


1696 佣
̨ϣŰ˵ѣ죬ȻΪŵʱ̣ʤܣڴһ
һ̨̣˶ס˺ֻƷһָ죬ʱ𣬶֮䣬纣֮֮䣬ɽ֮ᾣ̫֮ɺ
Ȼ䣬콣ֱ£Ƚ⣬ƿѵֱԶˣԸеһϣѸȥһ̨һ˲䱻ݻ١
̫ޣһ֮𡭡һţ
ʵ֮Ʒ罣ϣ̫϶ʱâʢ·һɲǼ䣬ǳ˹
ֻһն£һɽâ䣬ڹ˳̫˽һˣǺεȿµһ
һţ
̫ǱߣλȻ֮ɫƷ羹áһšǿĽʽ޲ʧɫ˵Ʒ磬ҲԦס⡰һš˶һԵŷ翴ȥ
Ȼŷȴֻŷ̨ϣһ˫Ҳӳ˴ʱ̫ϣɽâ˫ֽϵķ֣ҪֻһȻ˿̵ģƿȥƽ
һš
ʱʮ꣬ٿʽʱ̲סһһξУƷԽɷѩʹһо콣ʽʱƷʹġһšԶȵƴࡣ
Զ¥ϣɷѩҲʶһĻ꣬ڴ˽ʽ֮£ʱȴǿתڶķ˪̬ȴ֧ţ˹ȥһΣʱ䡣
䣡
һն£̨ʱľʯؽ죬һɲǻ촷ۡ
֣
ɫ䣬ȴһ̫ţڳˣ̫ǱߵˣʱҲĿɿڴ̳ȴǿ̨ϵˡ
ͻȻùİڳҲȻһ̣ܹԼ
֮ʱȻһ󡰶֮ԽԽ죬ԽԽܼ˲֪ʲô죬㼴֣һЩĽʣǸĽϻ治ϴײ
ô¡
ȡ彣һ̣ȴĽֹֹˣڳˣЯĽ˿̶
̫һ̳ķ̨ȥ̫֮򽣡
ԡ
һɲǣԶ̫ǼλϺŷȴһ˲ˣ̫⣬˱䣬ʱɽ⣬·겻յԨһֺ¼ŵĸо
ǡ
Ҳع̫ʱĽ⣬еĺ֮У̫
ڣ̳ɢȥǰһĻţһ̨̣ˣԷ·ʯһ㣬һؿţǷ̨ϡ
˵Ľ⣬ǴʱǰѽƵɫǲ⼣һΨһѪۣȥʮԣҲ͸һ˵Ĺ֮С
ǰѽ
ֻὣǰյֵסƷ̫ѽǵ۹¡
ĽڳˣĪ˸һԭҲǿľֻ֮ѽ־ʲôһɺĸо˿ѷǴ˵Ѿ񽣣ʱѽ͸Ľ⣬˵ĽƲһĲš
㡭
ƷҲȻû뵽ղǰԾµһԷˣһѾ̫ԪʱԿɼɫ͸һ˿԰ס

һһ½Ʒ˳ȥ۹²ѣһ򽣳˭棡

Ʒ类ƵòȥȻǵֵסʱ۹µĹơ
ƶת˵ĶŽһΣƷڽ˰ܣŷҲ̲סһ´վǾʲôѹ̫



һһڷΪĹƣ籩֮꣬ŭܿ죬ƷѾֵסÿŶԷնһϱֶһ˿԰ףһѪɫ̫˫֣ҲѪ

һն£Ʒ罫̫ٹͷԵֵһ֮˫㣬ȴһû˷̨ʯͷȻڿ֧š
ʦ֡
̫ǱߣһʦʦöˣĿɿڴ˵ԶҲͬʧЩĽƷŮӣʱܹţܹǰһĻ
գӰѾԺī׷ѩư磬ҹ
ʧ֮ʣһɲǣֻһɨ£һƷڳܲסһѪӿˣ˴һ˳ȥ
̨ͻȻ˽ǰѽĽģ佣ģ顣


1697 ֮
һʤ
ãλ䳤ϲŷӦȴһȻؿ̨£ŷѾ˲Ʒԣţ˫ԪԻƣΪҪǣ̫ɡ
ʦ
Ʒɫʮֲ԰ףһ̨ϵвʣղţѾˡ
ʦ֡ʦ֣
ʱԶЩ̫ʦʦҲ˹λʦһ֮ɫ޷ܣʦְʵ
̨ϣֱһ̧۹½ջԪ֮У˼ǽջ䣬һȻԪֲͨøղǵΪΣһʼ˽
ԶҲŷ̨ߣҲò̾ˣڳϣǶԷңķڷ̤롭ҲʹʱƷһ³
벻һΣͷѩķâ
ڹĲԶվһŮӣƹˣһΣҲǰ֮һԱߣվһο࣬ϸһѴ󽣵ӣǴ˴ڰ˵ˡ
һε»䣬ʣͽɷѩİ֮ƷͶƵ֮ʱ䶨֮

ʱ䣬ת˲ţƷͶƵ֮Ȼͽɷѩİ֮עĿƷͶƵıԣڡ̨չͽɷѩıԣȴһΪ֮ۡĵط
ۣ֮ߵĵطӴ˴¸ӣ򣬶۵ס
ԣҲܿʹڰ֮⣬áǧ֮һУ
һΣ󸽽ɽϣۼ˲ˣȻͽɷѩԵģҲһλã㲻õģ˻̫ǿ·ˡ
ҲǰЩôˣһӣӮˣǽɷѩӮˣѹ
ۣ̹֮ǣٿȻ䣬ӰһϣͽɷѩˣѰ֮ˣҪȥ֮۶Ϊףȴɣȥ
ȥˡ
Ⱥʱ۲Ҳ˳ճۣ֮ŴʱվˣԼ
ֻɷѩһɽһ²ȾĽ಻Ⱦѽ͸һɺϢԻ˪족ǰѡ̫ءѽ˪콣õĽ
վĶ棬Ҳӣϵ䣬ǽɷѩִ̹ǵĺ䣬һ֣޷ӽĹº
λУһˣ˾֣Ҳ˲ٷïĹٹúÿΪ˹ˣ˼ֻÿÿǹӣǸǳԽӽˣҲǰ˵
ʼɡ
ǰ˪֮Ůһʱз˳
֮ϣХڣһɲǳˣһ֣Ǿ˵ĽеĽ򲻵֮ʱ׶õ۹¡
ȻȪ棬ȡ۹նֻ̫صĸϵ׼㲻öõ۹֮һ֣ԵʱҲն˵ͷ­
˿̣˵Ľײһ֮ϣӿĽ鶯ʮر｣ʮ飬ѩĽѸͼѩһһ̹ǡ
·˶Ϣ벻һ֣ѸݵĽ֪ɷѩġ˪ķأÿһؽܻһʮ̬
еһأΪѩ̬ڶأΪ˪̬أΪݶ̬
ǰ̬˼̬˼಻֪ݶ̬жֲһηѩͶƵıϣѩ̬ûлûնֻΣ

ۣ֮˵ĽԽԽ죬ϢԴʱѩ˿⣬а˼⣬Ůȷʵ˵ãԡɡ֣ĽмܼЩѾ̤̫徳ǰڽ֮һϣҲδ
·ҲۻңǽŵĴˣڽ֮һѾ뻯˳ԾǣһȻҲܽӵʹʲôڣ
һ֮ŸոտʼѾ˼ң˿·˶ͷ֣ıԣضǾ֡

ʱ֮ϣһ죬˫ĿһֻϱߣڷֿˣĽӰҲ֮ɢȥ˿˶ƺѰ˼ţһҪʤ
ŶĽɷѩȻҵģʤ֮䣬ǿôأǴ˿ǵ˿ţʦĽˣʲôš
λҲŵؿţԭαǰǶѾãѩƷ֮ıԣȴ˭ϵã˴λ䣬ѩһˡ
ЩѾ֪ѩӣӣһΰܸƷ磬һΣҲ䡣
ǰصһƺҲ԰־ڱصã֮䣬ضֳһʤ˴˿ĵǣѩðճ˪ķأ˪ķ֮һ֪


1698 ˪
ۣ֮˪·˶Ϣţ棬вעһĻһɿླ֮Ůݶıѩһȴǽһ˵ˣ֮䣬˭ܶô˴֮
˼֮ʣȻ䣬ֻ֮ϣƮѩ澰ټݶѩҲڽӽʱųΡ
ڸ˾֮ʱּɷѩܣҲѩ裬ͷϣüϣȾһ˪˪ʹȥǸӱˣǶһ
ǳѩ
֮ѩ׷ɣ·˾һǽɷѩĳѩ̬벻ô죬ѻѩ̬һͶ֮ıԣͷβûлû̬նһȴòû̬
ԶƼһĻҲɵÿЦ绹ƷıԣһҲñˣ벻ƷĶ֡
ʱ˿̣ѩ䣬˶óˣҲ񣬳ѩ
˾δ뵽ƽĽɷѩȥǱģɵѩ̬󣬾ѩ䣬Ҳ

˼֮ʣһ佣Хһ½ʵѩ棬ȴǰɱ
ֻѩһȥһɲǣıѩҲƻ˷ĽıѩĽӰɱ
ѩһ˲ʧˣӰȫѩУȻʶ񣬿һ˲֮䣬Ҳ޷ıѩҳӰӡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ϸ촫ֻǶ̶̵ǻɲǣļϣ˫ۣϸϸĿӣеεѪ͸
ԾɳϹ¶֮Ȫֻ֮ģ˶ܱѩˣ⽣֮ɼһߣѰ˱һǴžͲһСôˡ
ݣݣݣ
ѩ֮ӰٶϮűѩˣʱӲҴ⣬ҲɷѩںδֻòȥȻıѩ飬δӣ
̶Ƭ̼䣬˷Ǳѩ֮ӰϮһʱѩۣ·ˣǿۻңҲ˪ķȻѹǧֻзѩһܹķǡѩǺߡ˪͡ݶأ
ͣ
һ죬֮ϣֱһӣѪȾѩ֮ϣȥⴥĿģݣת˲֮䣬ѩִ˷Ϯ鼱֮£ֻ˫һȫԪȣȻȴҲ޷ɢϮıѩ֮Ӱ
·ˣϢۿλϼڽڰˣʱҲ˿δ뵽ѩ񾹽˪ķ¯֮࣬ǰĵǣǶˡ
쪣
ѩϮȻɲʩչ£޴Ȼż죬Ҳıѩ
ÿһƬѩͨʵΪһĽǷѩУһеĻǽӿֲ
˿̣һ亹ոʱ˵ɷѩķ̬ʱΪȻû뵽⡰ѩ̬ԭҲԷڡ
ͣ
һ죬϶ʱһ˿ڣУȥذɣҵѩںδ
סȻٴΪ飬һΪʵ֮䣬Ӧ
һɲǣԺʦٴΪ飬һΪʵ֮䣬Ӧ
һ˲䣬۾һֻ̣е֮䣬໥Ӧκ谭ʱıѩÿһƬѩ
ҵˡ
ֻһɲǣҵˣڱѩ֮еĽɷѩʱȻһӺ˹һУҲҪˣ
ڽɷѩһ˲䣬ֻһתٿһ¿˷ѩϣһÿ磬·˸ûзӦѩʶ֮ʱѩֳ
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Ľٿһ㡣
סЩ䣬ղŷѩӺһɱǸӣͳشˣŮӣԲûɱֻ֣ǽסδû

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̼ǵõ꣬ǰհѷѩʱʱôСߵﶼЩָ꣬ѩЩͰԼŮһ㣬۸
Ա߶ϿЦһ°ɣԣԡ
֮ϣѩסһʱԶɵô˱һţɫһףкأһ֮УȻѱһ³
ɱϮһѩ˲ֱһն͡һһȴ׷

һ𣬷ѩ˲乥ȥıѩҲٴλĽУ͵سȥ
˶ãȻʤʱڷֿڿУɷѩղһɱƺδ֣Է֣ȴûκεɱ
±ߣֻſ˾ˣδ뵽һȥֻλϣʱ֮ϵӰףƺΪͣһߣ̫峤ͬӵԣȷʵǳֻܼһ졭
֮ʱ֪Ӻζһɺһ˶˸ֻ֮ϣıѩͻȻһ㣬ѩϽȾ˪ѩף˫üһͷī˿һ̾ף˪Ʊѩ
Ǻ˪˽һѵҪڶغ˪̬ˣ
һɲǣ˶ס˺̼ǵõ꣬ǿл˪̬ɻûгɹ˹ȥգҪ˪̬
ѩ
һţ˪ķǰҲ޽⣬ǲĻֻֻ񵱳
쪣
ɺͻȻԷѩӿɢ˳ȥһ̣ϵѣҲƻ˱˪һ㣬ΧĽ˱˪
һɳ֮ȻϮһˣһ˲䣬ܵԳܵϺ⳹֮ЩֻδϸܹΪǰŮӣҲ˳ǵĺ


1699 
캮ϮҪһб⣬֪ɷѩΪλصһɺڶغ˪̬ûֻ½ԶԸˣ˼⼰ˣԥһȥ
Ȼѩʱһɺʱȫһͷϣüϣһ㺮һ˲䲼˱м
Ȼֱȥѩĺ˪̬ɼΡ
±˼ֱӽɷѩҡͷ棬ǵĻҪѩû˪̬Ǳܶģ˻ҹȥ
ܿ죬Ͻϣһ㺮һ˲䣬սȥʱѩѾȫ˪ֻ̬ȫ˪Χƣܣγһǿı裬κηɽҲ޷͸㺮˪
ܺ˪̬Ѿʧȥ˳ѩȥӱ䣬±ߣ˿óԲѣһɲǣֻѩָһ̧ı裬ʱһУնȥ

Ͻı񿪣Ȼסı裬ǲ㺮ȴʴһɣܿ죬ȫһм
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һ¥ϣԵĴϿȥֻ֮ϣ΢΢ף˵ѩѾ˪ķڶأȫˡ
ԣϻһЦ˿Сӽпͷˡ
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վһԣ뵽ղǡᱡ֮٣Щɫһ䣬˵ԵͷСӻΪûˣ
ǺǣԣԡһЦ
ۣ֮˪֮ԽԽأȫһ㺮ʱɷѩȻһϮ˵öͣ״̬£ܴˡΣһ̣ԣһƱɳһס˷ѩһ
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ѩ䣬һ顱һһƴϣһ˵زأҲᣬȥ֮ʱһ㣬Ǻı֡
ĵָһϵȥ⺮壬ȴ֪ƷͬСɣǷѩ˪ķġ˪ơѰ֮˪ƣƬ̣㺮Ķ
һĻ±˶һһǾ÷ѩ̫ˣϾֻǱԶѣֲʲôսȴ֣ղûְǸû뵽˪ƣȻվš

ڣɫһף﷢һƺߣ˪ƺԷѨӦȷʵûȴȻδֹѩ˪ƺ壬ɼ˪ƣȷʵʮ
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ʹ䣬ұһ޾ȡɷѩʱŬҪƳӣȻ˵
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ʱϿȥȴʮ棬ֻ֮ϣ˵գҶСˣҲСѩˣһսǶ˶ͻޡ
ǡ
飬ԵЩģѩ˪ƣǿɲģһѾ˺˴󵨡
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һֻ̣˪ԭ֮أټ϶ԷһŮӣһֱɶԷ֣ȴгɱأȻˣҲ²ˣ
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һɲǣΥķȻи֣ķѩΧת·ΪһĻ·޲ȻһʲôȻܹýɷѩı˪


1700 ݶ
ֻıѩϻΧһĻ·ĿɿڴҲвסˣǾʲô
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һ£ȴδֹֻͣһ·ƵòȥȻк˪壬ҲӲֲӿĽ
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
֮ϣףɷѩһһֵ͹Ľƣɫ𽥱Щ
ٿһ·־ҲأֻɫԽԽҰףȻڼѹĺһֻѩԣܾȡ
Сӣ治Ҫˡ
زֹ󣬱̫¥ɵĳϣеԾ˵ղԷÿһ⺮һ֣˭ˡ
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ô
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һ˷ֿ±ߣ˶Ŀ¶ɫԶʮ֮ߣܵ˸ղһĿֲҺۣ֮±߾ĻҪѰ󶼸
ХѩϮɷѩǰ֣ʵǳԤϣⲢһ˿̣ɫɷףȻҲóԷģѾŲ˶ˣһȷʤ

һ佣Хֻһָ죬ʱӿѩХһ˲䣬γһµķ籩
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ѩ
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֮ϣ˪籩ת˲һǽɷѩ˪̬ǿһȻܵһȫ˺ѵʹɾһɲǣֻͬһָ죬Ȼ֮է죬Ǿ֮ϣʱܲ˺Ѳ񷣬˸һ𣺡췣췣
Сӡ
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¡¡
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֮ŭԺ˪籩˵ǿ˼ޣײϵһ˲䣬ʱѣƲ㼤ɽ𺳣ߣһ̣˫ֹðǣ£·Ҳֹͣˡ
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оɫһ̣ѩݶ̬ȫͷŶϣҲȻһâһɲǣ˾ž޴ʯһ㣬ű˴ײȥ


1701 
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ѩ
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֡
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ҲżλϴҴȥķüԽԽղϣһϢҲܲˣ˵ףһҪҲˣ᲻֣ᷴ뵽˴һʱֻЩ
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ʱȥ죬ڴ˴»䣬ѩ֮ıԣ֮Сȥȡ֮ģǿླߣһΪž֮ءĵطƵƵ춯Ѿ˲ٿླߣǰȥ̽Ǳ߷˺¡
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ʱڹһСƽģڴ˴Щ죬̫峤տ
»Ѿ˵峤þ췵̫ȴֻ̫ͻһš
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ᡭҪᣡ

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Ļ졭Ļ죡

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ϢԽԽˣһ˲䣬ʱ׹̶κ޷ȣ֮£ﴫȥǰǰ
Ȼ棬ûκλʱ֮ǰºѾ뿪ˣڲ֪ġ


1702 ʬħ
ŴʱϢԽԽʱһ׹̶ĸоκδʱȴԶǿ˹忪Ѩ֮ʱԶĵطȻһŮӵȣʲôˣվס
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峤Ͽ΢΢һЦȥЦݣɫ˵Сѿ֪ʬħ
ţ
ɫһɻ󣬹ڵʬħȷʵһֱ֪ںܾǰ˵ʬħγɣйأϵʬħûô򵥡
СѶԼϴڵһʬħҲ˽⡣峤ϼһɻӣ˵
ˡ볤ʾ
š
峤΢΢ͷߵߣ˵䣬ֹһΪ霡ʣ֮ǿԻһУǰŶ֮󣬴Ҳ֮ɢ˥ǿߣһֱ١
霡
ɫһδ˵֣峤ϵ˵ͷʧֱ꣬ǰͻȻ䣬һΣЩʧģ֪
ǰ
峤˵˴һȻ֮䣬뵽ۣЩǰľǿߡ
ΪǰЩǿߣʧˣûиκѵ˿峤⡰霡йأ

[n]ͬ


1703 
霵ԶԶ󡭡ͼӡһǣɡ峤ϻ˵ţһɲǣҲ뵽ʲô岻ɵһ¡
峤תʱЩ˵ĸӣԭΪǰһΣѾʧˣû뵽СѵڣȻһ霡Ĵڡ
ԣЩľګ̧֣һƣϱһԼ糤ĺ
˿̣ϵĺ˵˵һʬħԭǰһ霡
峤Ͽһֵĺÿɷֻ֮ٳ֣ȫ֮ʱСѿɻǵãһʬħǴӺʱʼѼģ
ҺСʱ򡭡
ϵĺм飬һֱǵú֮ǰż۸ϹȥһΣҲ֪ôʱΣڶǵúﱻһȭѪ˳ȥҪǽ໤µʱһȭˡ
ǱĸоҲǵһ꣬Ӧصɱ֮ʱȻɱʱǹʬħˣֻһֱʦԪѹš
峤ϼʱ飬΢΢ͷȷˣһλ֮ͨˣһԪѹʬħûκ˷ڵʬħ
Ĭǵ꣬־˭ʬħԼڣ峤ϸղԣʬħԭǰһʧġ霡ôһСֻ̫ص
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôֻ̫صҪϵõʲôڴ֮ǰһֱΪֻ񣬿ڿֻ̫صҪϵõģѵڵʬħ
˵Ļǵꡭ׷ɱףҪûصģȻʬħʬħǱǵ길ס
һ̣ɫʱɷףңԺ棬ϸξһĻ
磬ãǵĺӡټ
ᡭҪᣡ
Ļ졭Ļɱĸס
ֻ̫صŹ
һõĶ


Сѣ
峤ϼ죬һְסļ򣺡Сѣʬħ񡣡
ѹƴجһ㣬ɫɷףȫ亹ôᣬôᡭ
̼ǵõ˵廹ϵˣֻҵǸʬħڵˣܽ⿪һУһֱѰйصΪΡѵ꣬ǸףʬħԼڵģ
ǵ꣬Ǹغ˭˴̫ԼԹ⹫һߣħˣǵˣ˭
˼ֿʼ˭ʬħԼڵģǸˣǸסֻĻ졭һ̣Ժ˼ԽԽң֮ϣһ¸˳
峤ϼ״ɫ΢΢һ䣬һְס򣺡Сѣ£ʱһԪʹ侲
û¡
侲ָһһĨȥˣ峤ϼ״һЩ˵СѾãСѾҵƴķˡ
û˵ʵÿһοʬħ·ԵǻڣһƺѾɢˣƷıУ֮ӰʱסʬħⲢǳ֮ơ
ġΡѾɢˣǧ£Ҳ֮ɢȥֻ¡֮ӰԪ֮С
컯֮ʹɢˣֻҵһʹΡֻڴ֮ǰ˹ܻܿʹʬħ忪ӡֻѩ
ãƽʵ⡮霡峤Ͽǻ֪һЩ
š
峤΢΢ף˵̫ʱڣһطħ֮أн޳Сѿ֪ʲôط
ɫһ˵ԣָ棿Ī⡮霡Ǵӹ
Ҳȫˡ
峤ҡҡͷ˵霵ɵ߸أ޷֮𣬿ɼԶ霣Ӻζζ֪ǰֵġ霡йء
ԣ霵ѷ赲ֻ̫صǧټҪõ霡־Ϊʲô

ֹã峤ϼѾƽ˵СϵܣһСѱأСҲؼסһʬħȫΣ霵Ƴؽһƽ٣ʱΨɱСѣֹһУСպУʱ̽ǣʬħӰ񡣡
Ĭ꣬ʦֱɱԼʬħҲûˡһУͶᷢ
Ŷˣ⻹һҪСѡ
峤Ͽ˵ڿླıߣһΪž֮ءĵطʱ춯ε»䣬̫ǰ֮ˣͬȥž֮̽һͷѩջԲѣʮ֮ǰƷͶѾȥˡ
ླߣž֮ء
΢һ˼ƺ¥˵ģڱ߷̽쵽Ѫɷʬڤ٣֪ôȥˣ׷鵽һЩʲô
š
峤΢΢ͷͷѩСҲȥ̽һĻЩҰǹȥ⻹оǣ˴ͷѩɽؾѡȡһΪ˴»Ľ
⡭
ü΢ʲôģνֻ뾡ҵʦټ峤ϼüʵСѿǻʲô֮
ûС
ҡҡͷ˵ʦ֮£ֻһȥġ
峤ϵ˵ͷ⼸գС׼һ£ұ㲻Сˡ˵꣬һȥн硣
峤ߺͥԺԺлƽ磬ȴĹͣһľűߣųмȥǸղ峤˵Щ
һ죬ʬħȫˣΨɱԼֹ霵Ƴôһ죬ʦɱԼ𡭡


1704 ľ괺
ʬħΣʦɱԼ
ᴵͥԺĻ㣬վűߣˮЩԼӰȥԳʱȻһԾͨһǱˮףȴɢˮĵӰ
ˮƽʱ·ˮ棬ֿʦɽǰϦˮԼϣ˯ţ˵λĳ
ʦ֣ιˣͲ˺òãԺϣʦʦ֣ˮˡ
ʦÿ죬ʦ֣ˮҲʦ֡
ʦ֣˶ˣмһ֪ɣȥˮϪȥˮòáˮ֮ǰ棬ˮϪˮô䣬ôأʦÿʦǲ˵ʦңԭʦСʱرƤÿ͵ɽ׽һʦƼˣ
ЩϰɽµůͣŵˮϪ϶ɣɲ֪ôʦԺЩԽԽ࡭ֲÿʦЩǻȻˡ
ʦ֣ʲôʱ϶֪ˮϪÿ춼ȥɡ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôľʱˮӰһ㣬һӴӣʦҪɱ㣬ΪλҪǧҪɱ㣬УҲҪ㡭
ȫµ˶Ҫɱ㣬ʦҲһᵲǰ档
ʦ
̧ͷʰƣһ̣һҵ㣬
ˡ
ʱͥԺ棬һ̽µŮӣŮò䣬Լʮ£δӦˣɫݣȽֲѰӣʵǣ
ŮӲδĻֻȡ麯һܺӡһͨš
˸š
Ůӽŵ˹ӹȰǷܺˣԭ¥̹ܺᵽˡž֮ءһ¡
һͨţд£ѾȻ೯ˣ֮󣬸һ⣬ġ
ޱ£뿪ˡ
ȵȡŵݸ˵һһ⣬˵Ѿް
šŮ˵ͷԣȥˡ
ԶȥӰعͷܺᵽйž֮춯֮£ʱ㣬춯֮ʱȷʵ뵱֮һգʮֽӽбҪȥ̽һ
֮ͷѩѻָ峤ϴ£λһؾ
˴ؾ䱦ܷȡãȫƾԵǺֻҪƾԼıõˣ̫ջء
ͷѩؾǰÿλ䣬ֻжð֮˲ܹУһΣͷѩʵˣٱȥҲѷʤ̫վ飬˴˴βаס
Сһ㣬ؾ洦գһͳһˡ
ѩؾ棬صһѩӣʱıЩҪؾ֮Уһԡ
ѩгĪǽȥ
ߡ
ԣѩһٹ˫һ㣬ؾȥһΰܸƷ磬ȻԵؾ
ҲԥָһһԪȥˣ˵ҪþҵһܹѹʬħĶ쿪ܹҵһõĶҲǲٲãȤĶȥøɶˣ
ȺؾؾоŲ㣬һԣԽϵĶԽãҲԽΣգһͳȥְͬһˣʲôҲò
һرȻûһۣƬֱ̺㣬ʶһɨ˲ķؼ۵ףѰãһע⡣
ܣȡ£ȥĻҳľ괺ĸ֣ʱӳУͬʱһŷСҲƮ𣺿ľ괺޷һ֮
һ⹦ƺе˼ͬã֮ˣǵдˣһҲ˵ľ괺˶ԣûκá
޷˹ܻܲΪһֵֹʹԼΣѰɣ
һþ֮Убؼ챦ڵĲ㣬㣬ϱߣҲиõرǴ˿̣ⱾֵĹȴЩ֡
գֻŻԭĵط׼ȥʱȴͣ˽Ųתȥϸ˿˷˼κ󣬲ȥˡ
պýɷѩҲһ㣬һҪ뿪˵ô죬ѡˣ
ˮǧֻȡһư˴䱦Ŀĳܲܣߡ˵꣬ĳǱȥˡ
ĵУһ̰֣ȥһ㣬ȴδҵʺԼĶʱҲϲȥҲ²αѰա
㣬һ㡣
˵꣬ؾһԾȥѩüͷһ壺ģҵģ˭Ҫͬ·
ؾ棬峤ϼôͳˣһЦСѵı£ҪȥҲδɣɸղţƺȴֻ˵㡣
̰ɿա
Ŷǲ֪Сȡ֮Ǻ
峤ԣ£㽫˹ȥ峤˫ĿһϸС֣˵֪λǰԻľ괺Ǿܷ˹һɴ˹˶ԣ֮û뵽Сջѡ
˵꣬һĨϵķӡݸһֵȥž֮أСмǵġ
һѩҲӻؾˣĵطǵ㣬ϣû̫ˣοڵ㣬ҲҵһʺԼ֮
峤ϼѩ֪ѡǺɷѩû˵˹µݳԭȴһѹӵɫʣȥƽƽûκγ֮
峤Ͻ˵ѽʣԻط桯ж¶˻ѡʶҪѩܺá˵꣬ͬһȥķӡ˷ѩ
ͷѩҪȥླߵļž֮أƺƷ˻ˣȥ·;ңԶֶ֮࣬ħ֮̾ᣬ˰нУشģȥ;ħߣԳ
磬Ѿ뿪ȥ·ǽͬУɷѩһϲ˵Ҳˣһ·ϣʼδ˵һ仰
ʱһɽ֮У˴ɽ죬ٶȣȻڵ˵һϮ㡣
ɷѩأרûһȷˣŵ̫صаħˡ
Ŷ
˿˵ǷѩҪˣЩаħδһ·иҲδûпܡ
ߡ
ѩһߣҾã㻹ǵԼɡ˵ָ꣬һɽѸǰȥ


1705 ž֮
һƬӲϵɽʱֵ£ѩڣ︴գԽǰȴԽǸܵһϢȻϢѰ
ѩͣʱɫصؿǰ˵ǰĵؽ磬ǲܴȥ
塭
ɽȥ̸帽ҵ״صʬףʬ棬һ˿ѪɷʬĪǱǰ档
ɷɷɷ
ʱȻϢڿϢӦϢ
ʱˡ
һ˲䣬֮£ѾһԪѩ˹ʱҲ˵ʲôţһ·иҲδûпܣô
ʲôˣ
ѩ˫һתȥȴֻ紵ݶκӰղһŵϢҲˡ

һӣĵ˲仯Уһ³ղϢĵطնȥѩҲһ˲䣬ͬʱ֡
ʣ
ֻһȻ֮նȥɷɷɷľ׷ȴֻӰ˳
Ƕ˽ۣò˫ڰУһѺɫĻһ㣬͸һϢ
ȷֻ̫صˣ֮ǰ˲֪׷ٵʦģ±ʦ֣ʦߣǱ󣬵ȴҵѩǱȥˡ
ѩʱȻҲһϳˣϣӰϢҲûдȴ֪˵ݣֻ̫صɽ¹ʹ֪ʵΪĿ겢
ʲôˡ
˿̣ѩĿ䣬ʹȴԣһ˲ԭʧˣһ˲ٳʱǾ˲ɾ롣
ÿٶȡ
ѩ°һһ̣ٲ룬ָһеķɽʱһӰͳնȥ
Ҳһ֣ͬɵѽնȥʱʹһ˲ʧˣٳʱѾ˲ʮɾ룬ʵ䣬Ī⡣
֪ʮѲȻ㲻öͣȴǹ죬ȫǴ±ߣʦָԴǡ
ѩȴû뵽˹죬ֲܹϢǱλ϶ûз֡
ۼһ˲ʧһɲǣٲԥ˪ķһ˲չܣʱ˪ѩ裺˪ѩᣡ
ѩХǧѷĽУ쳹ǵĺ˪Ϣ˲䶳ǰڵһҲǶ˴γҲࡣ
ѩץ׼һ˲ŵĻᣬʩչȴһְסļ򣬴Ҳ˵Ķ֣ߡ˵գջʩչɲԶȥ
Ƭ֮䣬˱Ѷݳ룬ʱعͷȥѾܲʹϢǱ߷˵ǳ֮ʱ㱻ˡ
˴ѩȥһʵˣΪҪ׷ɱ㣿
ֻѩ˫ü΢ʱ˼ʲôһ˵Ҳ֪ܡ뵱ʦйء
ʦ
ʱӣ·Լˣ˲׷ɱģֵʦǽţ˵Ѿʧܶˡ
θɣ
ѩعͷһۣټ˵ȥղʱķȥ˵ӻؾǰҴӦ峤ϣһ·ϣᱣġ
˭Ҫ㱣ˣ㱣ԼɣղҪ㵲ţұһնǶ׼ˡ
֪ǷΪղᵽ˽ţѩʱЩɫ˵Լǰȥˡ
ȥӰղʱĵط˿ֻ̫صڲһգĳὫ̤ƽ
˻Ҫž֮ضȥΪⱻʹ׷ٵһ·øСĽȥƿ֮Уⱻ˵ʶ
ڶʱѾž֮ԽԽˣ죬ѩ϶ģһ仰Ҳδ˵
磬ĵ֮ʱȻָܵ˺ϢǹʹҪ¶Ϣ෴ڼڲϢͷѩʶиҪöࡣ
ˣԩ겻ɢ
̾ʹֺҲڲزأһ´˳һΣѩˣǱñջҪ䣬һ仰Ҳ˵ֱɽն˹ȥ
Ƭ̣ǹʹʵѲһߣսɲһչԶˡ
ĺü죬һ·ʹ׷˼ž֮رԵǰţҲ͸ȥûκһų
ѩüǰԶž֮ˡ
š
˵ͷ֮ǰ峤ϸ˵ž֮ʮطнɣϹ̾ᣬʮСģؽֻ̫صǶ˱㲻׷ٵˡ
ɷɷɷ
һɲǣϢ׷һΣʹٶʮѸݣһ³˲Զ
ˡ
ЩѩǷʤÿγ֣Ϣѵǹɣ

һ佣Х˪콣һΣʹڿ˵ˣ˻ǰǼž֮أ㻹Ҫټô
ұˣѩصЩ켸ӣȰһ䣬Ҫټ¡
ʲô
ѩһһɲǣ뵽ʲôԭˣǳһ
ؽš
ʱȥһԺԺ˪סǣʩչ˲ǬҶž֮أȽ˼ž֮أ˱ض׷ٲˡ
ʲô£ѩȥһۣ֪׷ɱ㣬ǲǣ
Ѿ֪һЩˣǲŹģֻҶ˺ӿǡ
㡭
ѩһҧɴʱ򹴻ʹȥҲܵóϱɱһԣˣջɱڡ
ÿɡ
ʹѾԽԽüͷһ壬ٴѩȥһסǣҶӲ
˪ѩᣡ
һɲǣѩǰŭȫ˹ʹϣֱӻ˪̬ǰʮʱһƬѩأ֮һ˲䱻ˡ
⡭
ʹ¶ٿ죬Ҳδܶ⣬һ±㱻档
ߣһ̣Ҳԥ̴Ϸѩʩչ˲Ǭ˲Ϣѵǧ֮⡣
˵ƴ׹һ㣬صҶڴ˴Ѿȫ˹ʹ׷ٴ󷨡
Ǽž֮ء
Χһ£һ̣ѩǺĿ⣬ҲҪסһ


1706 
Ǹ˵
˵ʲôʱѩȻһ̧һ裬һµǰ㵽ʲôˣ⼸׷ɱˣʲôˡ
ǰı裬䲦˵ˣֻ̫صˡ
ֻ̫ص
ԣѩһȻⶫŽˣԪߣֻ̫صʲô
㵽ʲôˣ
һɲǣѩĿøɭˣֻ̫صǧ꣬׳ֻ̫ص׷ɱݾһ㣡ʵӦ뵽һ֮ˣΪ
һ±ñ˪ܸǰޱȣ۵ı裬˵ʱ֪δȻһġɳɳ
Сġ
Ȼ֣˸ղŴ˵⸽һЩȻ֮ʱ⸽ȻܳһЩѪܵĹЩӿ£͸һѪ֮Ȼʳˡ
ɳɳɳ
һ˲䣬Щ˹ȴѩȥѩɫһָһʣһɳٿȻ콣Ӱ͡һ죬Ƭ̼㽫ЩѪȹȫն
ʣ
ָֻһǰ콣Ӱֻһɫ⣬ĽʣĽʣ뽣ʲֹԲط棬ԭҲǿ
ѩԼһۺ˹δȴ˵ˣû壡
˵ش͸һɹ죬ٳȥֻ»Ĺ뿪ҵ˵
ߡ
ѩһߣһѪܣӳªޱȵĹʬ壬üͷһ壬Ѹǰȥû߶Զ㿴һЩ״صʬ塣
СĽ¡
ѩǰȥʱȻһ䣬ѩʶͷһֻۣҶŰʬ壬æջؽŲȥ
ǰ棬ǰ߿ȥʮʬ壬״ʮֲֿǱʲô˺ѵģԪ񶼱ˣδߡ
ҺÿδЩʬɢζйܵˣ⸽˿ȥЩˣһŻ˵ҾãӦûһ·
ѩüͷž֮֮ǰѵģЩ챻ֻ̫ص׷Ųţʱ任·
ߡ
˼ǰУһ·ϣǿ˲״ֲʬ壬ЩǣǰóȻž֮صˡ˴عͷһ۷ѩʵЩ
ѩû˵ֻȡһö㣬ϸӦһŽü˵ߡ
һ·ž֮ȥһ·ϣʬ壬ڼҲ˼ιϮΨûпһˡ
ǰҪž֮ˣȫˡ
صʬ壬ԽһֲõԤУ̫͹һУֻһЩǰ̽죬ʲô⡣
֮Ѳ֪δڼ⵽ιϮѩһ£ҲմѪۣǸղնɱһͷŪȫǷ֭Һԣܱȱ˺˻ܡ
ڣǰˮ߽һЩһɽֻһٲֱ£·۳̶̶ˮ̿ɼףɫĶʯ£һһ⡣
ȥǰ߻·ɣڴ˴㡣
ѩѾȲɽ·ȥȥıӰ˵Сһ㣬ˮ׵Ӱ˵ЩӰҲŹ
㡣
ѩͺһ䣬ѸǰȥˣЩž֮صĹţʱôһ˵ˮͻȻһˮ
̶ˮߣȷˣҲûй󣬷ѩ˿ղƬȥ˵Ҫ͵Ļ۾
ٳȥĹöһζ
棬ѹ͵̶ֻˮǰһ̣Ժﲻ˵꣬ݳŵδʱ龰ʱһšɽܣ֪ϱŵģȴһŮ
̶ˮѩȡһɫѷ̶ߣ󣬲ŴҴȥŪ·Ѹȥˮ
ˮ̫ξˣʹˮѩҲȻɼѩ⸽ͻȻˣԲҵ飬Ҵϴȥϵ۹󣬱Ҫϰ£ʱȴȻоˮʲôԼһƣʱһֻˮµӰȻʮµˮ֣һ㣬˹
˪
ѩһ֮£ֱӻѩ̬һ˲䣬ˮ̶ˣɽϷٲһ
ʮˮ֣Ҳסˣʱȴԥӱ̶ɳһ죬ȡ̶ߵ·ϣʱҲôˣ
תȥ
ѩ̶ˮߣһֻֽѣһֻһ裬Ȼŷơ
Ŵʱڱˮ֣ϷɱٲܸоŮ˵ʵֹۣ֮ġ

ѩԼһۣղͻȻ󶯹ʱЩ΢졣
һնתȥѩ˿һǱ̶ﱻסˮֻ֣ޱȣѸٴ·Ь࣬Ǳ˹ȥ
ղû°ɡ
㣡ѻ죡
ѩһۣҺ㣬ͳѻˣѲҲ˵Щˮ־Ͳ𣿡
͹㣡
ѩһۣһһǰȥСģǰܻС
죡
վں棬ԶӰŮӣȻ㲻ô

ֹȥգž֮صЩ˵ĹˣЩ죬ȷʵܵһЩ춯ȴ֪ӺζָоҲЩ˵ɸоʲô
Ӧþ⸽ˡ
˿̣ѩһǰһɽȣɽ棬һϢǳ
ȵȡ
ҲѸȥϢܸоǰɽȣЩ˵쳣Ʒ±ߣ˰
ʱɽ·ֻһŶ棬ϥӰ˱һ˩һ𣬲ǱˣƷˡ
ƷͶƣˣһµŮӣƹġȾ˴λԱǸ󽣵Ŀ꣬Ǵ˴εڰˣ콣ȵġ
֮⣬һȥƷ硢Ʋӣƽ֮ӣ磬˴λߵˡ
һǰһž֮أʱֻƷˣΪͣȴǱڴˣ
ʱֻƹȾ˫ü΢Եȥһʦ֣ô졭
˵֮ʱᶯһ£һСǹŶ棬ҲʱһߵҪߣֻһᷢ죬һ죬Ȼ˲ϢǧϷҲһ˲佫ܻ
Ŷﴫ˶ٶһˣãƷҡҡͷʾ⼸˲Ҫ
ʱƺȻɫһѩѩڸ
ꡭ
ƷѸӦѩ㣬˾⸽Ҵһö˲ֻҪѷѩҲǣʱ˱ܣ˭ҲӲˣڷѩ棬ٻ̫ȣ̫徳ĳϸȡ


1707 ڷ
ʱŶ춯Ʒ缸̰ţֻǹŶ棬߳һߡ
뷢ףһʯɫĵۣȥħ֮ˣŰƵĹžʱ˿ϵ䲻Ǹղųʲô
ղżֻﴫδֻ˿̼˶ĬһƷſڵ֪ǰҪҼ˵ʱ
ߣ
һߣ˵Ҳ͸ⱾžҵΪֹڼ䣬㼸˱㰲ĸߣߣҲһԡ
ŴԣһĶ˹ȵףȣħˣȾ˫üһ˵ǰҪһֱҲҪһֱסˡ
ܾҵ
˵ţʱǺȻϷһϢɽϷ¼ȥʲôˣ
ɽ棬ͷѩˣһ˲䣬ס˷ѩļʩס˵Ϣ
ɽ棬һ֮ɫ˵ڴ˴ҪҶ˵꣬һ⸽·ӡƣ漴һԾɽ档
֪λѵˣһ
СľѲΧʱϢ̫徳ߣҲ׷
ѩҲҷκܹסƷ缸ˣԶ׼һλѾ̤̫徳ǿߡ
ڸѰƬ޹ȥɵ±ʱȻһ֮УʱʮӰ͵سһƬնȥ̶һ˲䣬ȥƬ֣ǸһƬǽ塣
ֻǺߣ޶תһۣŴЩģ˫һԾɽȥʱ棬Ʒ缸˱϶һ亹ղűȻǷѩڸ˰ɡ
±ߣǼŹ֣ղſǵڸ
ԣо΢΢һָˣѩҲ⣬ǿǽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
ƵҼ˽ѱסкǰ
ߣˡ
һ䣬Ŷȥ߼˶һۣɽȥϣղһͨնûдзѩ
ʱɽϷͷѩźҶ˺һȷղ˲ͻȻɱѩ˿ʾ뿪
Ϣ뿪Ƭ֮һطʵղˣɿʲôˣ
ѩ˫üĬ˼ʲô˺һŵûп壬ղƷ缸˳Ϊǰѵǵ꣬ѳ̫Ǹӣֲõ̫׷ٲԭӵž֮ˡ
˵˴ʱѾɫ̫飬ûʲôȤֻʵΣ
ѩ̧ͷղɽȵķȥü΢˵ղ˵ƺѰĳҵ˾ͻˣҲôΪ޳ȶҵ֮󣬱ضɱڣҪ취ƷǾȳ
˴üԽԽЩ̫漸ϣɱϾͬţƷ缸ڷοҪ̽˵ط˺£ƾһ֮ԶԶ
̫徳صΪǧĵУƾȥˣֻ·һڻ⴫Ѷ㻹Ǿ촫Ѷ̫ɡ
Ȼž֮صҲԶԶԤϣһ·ϣʬ壬ڻ̫徳ĸ֣ýʲô
ѩ˼Ƭ̣˵ڼž֮֪ܷȥ֮Զֻܡһˡ
һֱ֮ʱųԽȥʱƷ˵λ˱仯̽ȡ˵뿪֮ǰɽˡ
Ͽ
һ·СƷ˺棬ΪϢ¶ӷ֣ʼǱŰ룬գҲ֪ӵҪȥ֪ΪƷˡ
һգ˺Ȼָ׹ǣЩ׹ǿȥѰȥܾõˣ绯ɰ׹ǣûʲô֣ǰЩ׹ǣǸõˣȻͷȴһѪҲˣǱҰ޿ʳҲе˸ɾ
ȵȡ
ͣϸ鿴⸽İ׹ǣÿһ߽ˣѩɻӣʵôˣ
û֣ЩʬǺô
վЩʬ棬ûһ˿ˣ˵ǰδκιȥá
һ˵ѩҲʼעˣصİ׹ǣ֪Ʒ缸αܵģȥ
Ƭ̣ǰȥѩͣԭأ㣬˵Ǻͣˡ
֮ǰֱӷ֣ʼղҿ̫ʱΧ˿˵⸽ЩѰȥ
ȥȫϢСǰȥˣһ±ߣֻӺƷ缸ͣһɽǰ֪ɽʲô˿ȥǳóȻ롣
ǰ
ɫ䣬ԼǰȴƷȥܹһѾ̤̫徳˼ɵɽ澿ʲô˿£
Ʒ缸˱˴˶ӣȴǰӼǰɨһۣĿƹȾϣȥ
ң
ȾһǳϢɽȥǸеĪһʶ޷̽ȥʲôɲóȻȥ
һ㣡
ЩͷˣȾҧ촽ԵʦͶȥĿ⡣
ȥɡվ˳Ⱦ΢΢һֵʦ֣СһЩ
š
һۣٶԣСɽȥˣƬ̣Բ˶Щ
ʱڴֻɫֻʵ˳ߣǹ
ȻżصĽƣǼ˵ΪȻΣգҲһ˲ߡ
ʱһ֣˾ɫһ䣬ȴ𶯣£һ˲ȡŻӣҲͬʱֻɽ棬һڷ׷˳
ӲֻץϵĴ󽣣ȻһɺڷȻýֱֻۣһҽдǰѴ󽣡ѵأֱۣһ˲䱻ڷɳ˰׹ǡ
ʦ֣
ȾʱһۼǺڷҪɣŵûɢʱһӣһŻӷ˹ȥһ⣬Ǻڷƺ⣬ڲҼ׷
أһУһ𣬽ǻ˻
ʦ֣
ֻʣɭɭ׹ǵұۣȾŵɫһ˿ĺȥȥҪ嶼ɳɰ׹ǡ


1708 ɷ
ȾʦСģ
Ʒһߣָһϴȥһ˺֮£Žһ˿ĺȥ
ʦ֣ô
Ⱦ岻ͣɫɷףȫ£ղʴ֮ʹڶ˵һδ̤徳˹ȥֻһ˲ûˡ
ʦ֣Բ𡭡
Ⱦɬţ˵ǸΣղҪȥˣǺڷ繥ģˡ˿̣ĮվһԵӵȥڸˣʦָղŲǹ֮£㻹Ҫ
Σɽȣû˵һŵߡ
һҪɽȥһʹ̣£ǿڵ棬ȫǹ
ֻһ·ߣ
Żӣɫ䣬ѾΣҲҪȥ
Ʒ缸ȴûɷ۵ġ˻׻顱ȥĻ˵ǾһȾԼ£ֺգҪȥԼȥˣûеɷ𣬽ȥͬ
֮ʱתͷĿ⣺ھɱ㡭
ܵɺɱƷסȾ䣬ҡҡͷ
һɽȻδע⵽ʱϵˣ棬ѩҲΪղһڷʱӴż˽ɽֲõԤУǺڷ˿£ʲô
һղǵڷ磬˵ȥʱڷϣҲ˿µĹڷ磬ǴΪӱЩڷ磬Ŵһǹŵɽȣһŵ˹ħ
Щڷ磬֪ӺζΪž֮ҲƵĺڷ磬ǹŶһƬƬѵЩڷ磬Ŷйأ
霡
һ˲䣬뵽峤˵ġ霡Щڷ磬òǵꡰ霡ϯŶµ֮ɣ
ʲô
ѩһԣȴ֪˵ʲôɽڴҡҡͷûʲôǱ뻻·ˡ
ЩڷǷ롰霡йأȥðգղǺڷĿֲѾʶˣһ˲䣬ܽһʥɳɰ׹ǡ
ѩǹɽȿȥž֮صĵʮָӣЩط˽ƣЩط̾ޣﶼȥĻղҲִҪɽˣĵֻ±ӵˡ
һϵʧˣƷȫʧȥ˸Ӧ֪ǼɽΣգ̫صԵʡ
߰ɡ
Ĵ˴䣬ټֻͣȥˣ˸ղһ·˸ǱСĽǹڷ硣
֮Ѿ֪ʱҪȥֻҲΪˣֻһ·ߡ
һ磬һɽȣж˸ƣѩʶ̽ȥȴֻһĸݵӣ׷һ԰ֵӡ
ʦܣӲģͣ°ɣǹ磬ֻ·һ
ʦ֣Ҳ׷ˣǲģͬһŹҰɡ
ǰڲͣǰȥȻѾʮֳӻ׷ᣬЦŰ˻׻飬Ҳ벻ñȥʦء
ֻǸӼĿ𺣬ȥʲôˣһ˵ָ꣬һ顱һڴڰϣǰӱڵأҲܣʱ־ʦ֣һ㣬㲻Ҫҡ
һЦͳұˣʦԸ˻׻ңڱô
㡭
˵Ŀһ᣺ƽ㲻Ҫ̫ԼѾһŰ˻׻ˣԼҵģƾʲôҪ㣿ǰҵҲˣ
һЦ˭˻׻ģһţǱǶһ
ֻ˴ڷʵգɽΨ˻׻ĵɷ𣬶˻׻飬Ǽž֮صĵɷȻγ֮Կƴ˴ڷĻкľ֮ʱһȻǶһ
ʵֻҪҵһŵɷһԣ㹻˵ˣ̰ò׽㲻ԸϹʵҲ޹֣ҵһϹǹؼð֮ҲֵˣҲð
˿̣ƽĸӣȻʦϵŵɷ־ڱصãԽԽǰȥУȴѾһѷɽֻϧΪǰλʦֻ֣Զôһɱ㱻Էܵˡ
㾹Ȼɱң
ƽȻӿ˲ŵûһ£Ҫҵİ˻׻飬ѵҲҪɱң
ðοҿ봿Щ꣬ѧ˼ɱ¡
ƽɷ˵ǰкοİӶʱŵɫһףݡһһɫзɳȻȴһһ±㱻ƽˣȻʵ⡣
ʦ֡
οŵȫһٻطɽȴһ˲䣬Էס˺Ҳһ¡
Ǻǡô㱾£㻹ɱң
ƽЦݣοźҪ͸ˣǵͨ죺ʦ֡ԲңҴˡ
Ѱ˻׻齻ʦؾ㣬˳㻹ȥ
οѹţã֧֧˻ġ˻׻飬ʵʵŪˡ
ûϻ˵ҪԶ֣ڿԪӤ
ͻȻ䣬ƽޱȣοԭǵͨӣһʧȥѪɫΡΡƽҶ֪ţ㣬㡭
Ǻǡ
ƽһЦͷһ궼һذɣҪǵ˹ʺˣСʦõӣڻɨذɣŶˣ˵ʦá
˴ЦЦο£Цðž֮أҲһΪСʦðɣǰҵϹؼ޳ɾ񹦣Ӵµһʦñᴹ㡭
ƨ£
οݺݵһۣƽһЦʱ¶Щ֮ɫ϶֪ʦö֧ӣʵʮ꣬ʦɣôŵѰҡ
οɫƽŶ϶֪ϣ·ʦֵͥԺֵ洫͵͵ǽȥһҿʲôˣ
ұ죡
ʱο˫ѾѪ˿һͷŭҰޣݺݵƽ·Ҫһһ˺һ
ô
ƽһЦе֮ɫ˼֣ҿСʦڴʦϲͣζС鰡ҵ
ɱ㣡ɱ㣡ƽƾʲôƽ޹ʦףɱ㣡ƾʲôʦã
ο۲Ѫ˿һͷҰްŭʣŭʣԱ֯ϣڴʱƽֻд֣
ˣٻܵõͷأˣʱˣȻ㲻Լóôʦֻ֣Զȡˡ
£ƽĿȻú£һ̧ںοУֻοһҽдǱƽǿдԪӤһŵɷȡ˳
ƽ㣬㡭
οѪɫɷƽһŽ߿ԼǿŵɷҲȡŻӷһ棬Ҳ͸Ȼ档
һ˲䣬һɺɱ͸οһȥƽʲô㲻˵Ҫҳȥ𡭡
һΣиܵԷɱˣΡΡġ£Ҿ˵ȥҸոգոƭġ
Ǻǡһ˹ʺˣôأ
һɲǣƽɱ¶οʱ׹ѣһأӲˡ
Զϣѩһ䣺Ҳɣ˶ԴͬţҲ׺ݣµһ˲䣬ȴͻȻʧˡ
ʲôˣ
ǰһ׳ֵĺ°׷ӣƽʱһæŵɷؽ
ղŲصɷӿ˿ó
ƽɫһף˭εģԼ˿δо죬ΪϢҲȫֻֿܲܣһǶԷûκΪǶԷΪԶԼ֮ϡ
ʱ룬һɽһ㳯նȥȻݽķɽһʱһ㻤˲ϳأҷ˳ȥ
㡭
ƽһɫǰµİ׷ӣѵѵһλ̫ʥǿߣ

Ȼ䣬Ǳһ֮ס˺գ˿ãһԺοһĻѾŵûɢʱŷӦæԶȥˡ
ŵɷҲƽ˳С
ͨһƽڵϣŵĵѣϢ֮ڣӱǰʧ
ƽŵûһ̫ʥǿߣһʶܽɱˣʱԥһ˲չԶȥˡ


1709 
ûȥƽŻɫӣǵ죬ӱǽһӶȥ⣬ŽǺڷ絲סղҲֻдܹǹŹֺڷ硣
ɷ𡭡
ʶ΢΢һ̽ϳ˴ԭǴ˵ǧĵɷ۶ɣ˴˻һ·ػᰲȫࡣ
ʱѩҲԶ䵽˸ȥ˵ղ˿еġ˻׻顯Ǵ˴ɷ۶ɣɵֵǹڷ硣˴һŹȥ
ѩסĵɷ飬һۣȴüüӣʵôӣġ
ѩ̧ͷ˫ü΢˵£һ𣿡
ֻſʼġ
һۣ˵ţ˵꣬תɽһȥˣѩԶȥӰǰ
ͣ΢΢תͷҶֱɱˡ
㡭ѩһԭأһŻعֹȻʲôˣ̫ˡ
ںСֹתȥһ죺ǰӻҡѩһߣǰȥˣ
ļգԽǰУԽܹܵ˵صΣգգѩѾȫӦƷ缸ˣֲõĸо
ǰֶϰСһЩ
⼸գ˼ǹڷ磬ϵĵɷ𣬲δգǰ棬һɸصΣϢҲʼС
ĵɷ𣬲֪üΣÿһΣӾͻðһЩĵɷ𣬱Ȼкľ֮ʱڵɷľǰ취ҵŵɷ顣
ڶŸʱȻֻǰ춯ֻʮӰ߼Ӵʮ󣬸һڷ磬м˱ӲǺڷһ֣ҽжûüѾ˲һ߰׹ǣԪδѡ

תۼ䣬м˱ڷ˽ȥʣ߰˸˾ŵûɢһ˲䣬ۼǺڷˣһ죬еĵɷɳ˲ճһƬ⣬ʹǺڷɢߡ
߰˸δŵòᣬǰ°׷ӣ˺һǼ˲ŷӦæл̨ȣ
ǰʱѩӺ⼸ŵɫΪͣŪǱƺֻǺڷ硭
Ǵʲôطģѩżˣʵ
Ǽһ£Щ˵һָǰߣȻ˾֮ɫ棬ǴܽȥܽȥˡǺòӳ
棿
ѩɫһȻ⼸˴ʱ˵ġ桱ָǰɽȣǰɽȣֻǱǺڷֶѣ˿⼸˵棬Ȼָž֮صȽ£˿ڣֻǼž֮صΧ
ħħ¡ħأ桭
ǼƺѾʲô˵ɫɷף״ε˵ʲôѩǰȥȷʵԼԼоһ˿쳣Ϣ⼸ŵöɥǣʲôô£
˿˹ʵ棬ǿ֮ˣ
桭֮ˡһ£һڵʵʲô֮ˣָ̨ǡ
һϺڣʱԺ̬֣һѪ̬֣ϲʳѪ
£㽫Ѫʬɷʬڤ˵òһ£Ǽһһ£ҡͷûûп
ǿǿһ£Ůӣ
ٴʵμϸ룬ջҡͷŮӼŮҲûпµŮӡ
˿̣ѩ˫ü΢˿ʲôˣ
һǰȻ춯Ǽ˸ŵ˫ȷɫҰףһ̣ƶ˻һظˣˡ
˴Σգ߰ɡ
Ǽ˿һۣ֪ʲʲôʱ˻عԥҲƵȥƬ̱㲻Ӱ
ǰ洫춯ʧˣѩüʵ˭
ǰ棬δ˵һȥ˵ղǼ˵ġءһΪΣյĵط㻹Ҫȥô
أѩɫصʵ
û˵תͷǰȻҪȥʹղûܴǼϴʲô֮ǰ̵ᵽž֮أȻдֻһܣҲҪȥԡ
ѩʱѾģȷˣ˴ž֮أȻΪ飬ʵ㵽ҡ
һҪˡȥתͷ
һ̣ѩ񣬺Ȼסˣ֮ǰʱ̨ϵı䣬̨µĹ°ֻǲɷ˵߱˵ĶЩϲ
ǾڸղţԷ˵һҪˡʱ񣬷һЩ仯һԭҲҪô
һɡ
ѩǰ濴ȥ˵ҲҪȥ澿ʲôȻϢȥ
˿˵̫һʧˣû뵽ž֮ôӣֻǰ棬
ѩδ˿˵ֻע֡ǡҲ˵ûаԼǺһġ
ڷãƷǼ˸ߣȫġ
һ˵ţһǰȥѩһ£ȥʲôˣȻһģҪһųȥδ˵꣬ͻȻͣˣҲ漴ͣʵôˡ˵𣿡
֪ղ˵ӣʲô𣿡΢΢תͷ
ʲôѩüͷһ塣
һʮŮ棬а
㡭
һ浽ǸʱֻţԼȥһ˵ţһǰȥˡ
ѩں棬һŻعԶӰȻһˡѵ֮ʣͿԲͬ
ֻΪµ谭߾磬ûκ谭ʦҲ޵òô
㡭
ͻȻ䣬ѩһ䣬һһնȥΧʱϮĺ佣ָһҲ˲һĽײһ
˵ʦ
һֻ̣ѩĿ䣬һɺ͸ⷽԲʮɵĻľ˲䶳˼
˫ۣһջܿ˿˵Ҫž֮ȫ֮ߣҪҵ㹻ĵɷ𣬷ǻûȥܾͱЩڷˡУԺҪӱ͵Ϯңܻܿᱻҵɵɱ
ߣѩһߣһ˪콣ջ˲ط潣


1710 ص֮
Χ˿ղЩ˳ĵطʮΣգֻ취ܷԲƹȥͷѩڵλãӦǺЩ˿˵ġءźԶһξ룬ڼ䣬뾡ҵġɷ𡱡
֮һ͹ȣ˵سȣҹл죬ɽ֮£һ㣬ȵҽ
ЩǵĻ𣬿ܹӴ˴۵һЩɷ顯
һϷȵϢѾϲһ㺹飬ң뵱ȥǴ֮ۡաҽ׺׺֮أ̺֮ǱﻹҪ¡
ѩԱߣһ㺮˪Ϣ֣Ѱ֮أҲ޶£ɽҽ·ǳȵҽһ˲ܽ˻Ϊҽ֮׹ȥҲһ
Ҫ۵ɷֻ±ߣɷҽѩ·ӿҽ˵
Ȼ޷ȥҽ£һҽܹԺ˪ֵ֮סԽ£¶Խߣܲס
ȥ±߽ɷСĿţ˳󷨣ɷ֮ʱɢؼ䡣
׹֮£ֹҽȻһΣֻȥðһˣȡ֮ʱЩ׺֮УϣһΣܹһЩ
ѩվһԣôΣյĵطĻҲðȥȴ֪ʲôܹһС
СһЩ
ѩָһһ㺮˪֮Ψһܹˣ˵㺮˪ֵֻ֮ܵһʱ䣬㾡졣
š
˵ͷ򸽽˿ɷϡȱ֮Ҳ֪Ƿ˿ţ˵ϱ߿ãҪ˴ţɷ֮ʱۡ˵꣬ԥȫһҽȥ
䣡
Ӵҽһ˲䣬ɽȣʱ죬Ũ̹ѩһˣŨɢȥ֮ʱҽ棬Ѿһ˿Ӱˡ

ҽ֮£ԶĻҪȣûһʱ䣬ѩ۵ĺ˪֮Ѿɢˣʹź˪ֵ֮ɳϢʮܣҽʲôҲΨнʶǿų̽ɷټ
Խ£ԽǳѵȻС˴˵أȻѾ±ߣΣֻܼ̽졣
֪˶ãѩ۵ĺ˪֮Ѿȫɢˣֻеֵ˴ϢԽ£ϢԽأΪټӾɳҲֵסá
ˡˡˡ
Ѿʼ٣ԽԽңѾ£ȫҽʶҲ̽Զʹһɿ־֮С
ˡˡˡ
ʱ֪ǲ˻þȻһ֮ΪԼϸһⲢԼ
ҽ֮£ô֮һɲǣصҽУҲеһɺͷأûκļ֮֮Ǵﴫ
ˡˡˡ
ʮֻ޷ֱ棬Ǵĸһ˲䣬ȻʮֲõԤУЩԥҪҪص棬Ǽ̽ɷڡ
ˡˡˡ
ɻʵЩδ֪Ĵڣʹ־塣
ʱ׹ϷѩȥѾһ̶ʱˣڻûĺ˪֮ӦѾɢˣ±ߣʲôΣհɡ
֪Ӻʱʼᵣİˣʱ׹ȵһߣȻӰǺǣ±ߣ̲Ųٵɷ𡭡
˵һµӣһȣǿü֮ȴһϢȥ򵥡
ԣһ£欵ŮӣŮ˿ѩ˫ֻϣҲһɺƵϢˣˡ
ʦ˵ò˳һϢȻܹҵڴ˴ĵɷ𡭡Ǻǡ
ֻŮŤӣߵǰ˵ʱ׹ȶķѩȥһЦףⲻ̫֮ŮɷѩôҲ׶֮ء
ѩŶˣһһŮϣܵһ˿ħϢȻϵˣӴʱοԷѷִ˵أ޷ȥɷ𣬶òգɽտ˵أ˱ضһֱڰڣװ׼ˡ
ѩ˴ɷһλȷ֣λȡɷ𣬻ȥ𴦡
ӿһۣȣأҡΣЦ֮䣬˴ɷλȡãʦãȡˣ
ѩ֪ҪӲˣҲ˵ǣֻҽ´ȥһһ𣿸ˣЩ
Ȼصҽղʶģ˿̴ӵصĹ֮йɵȴֲ֪Ǵĸ
齥Ҫ̽𣿿֮ʵЩž֮أһʲôڣ֮ǰ峤ϲû˵
գһǼȥˣܹоɷ⸽Զˣҵ֮뿪˵ء
ֹƬ̣ҵ˴ĵɷڣǻҲȻڲ𣬲ƺǴӼԶĵطʹ΢һЩͷǣʱҵɷ󣬸ԥ˫ֽӡ̽
¡¡
صȻϱ߸ҽݣɷ¶ȣȸҽߣܿⱻˡ
ɷ֮ԥٶȣȥˣɾȥһɲǣȻһһ¾׹ԨĸоΪղһֱڵǹ֮Ȼֹͣˡ
һ̣ɫأһҲҲܵɷˣ֪ΪΣʱ˿̣һɱ˶ŵĸоָо˵
ˡˡˡ
ڣǹͣƬֻ̺عһɲǣҲԥٶȣȥˡ
ʱɽϷǵɷٶȱ죬͹ȶʱ죬Ũֻ̹ҽ棬лͬɽһ㣬Ũ̳죬Ļ棬ǵɷ
ѩڸһ󷨣ʱɷԥҪЩɷȫ۹ɾжһ˲䣬ǸµӣҲж

һ˪콣һ´ӽ˳ѩǶˣ¶ˣǵɷˡ
Ǻǡ
ӵһЦ֮˵ء˴Աߵʦÿ˿ʦã㽻ˡ
Ǻǣõġ
ŮЦЦȻһӣŷѩѩãǾý㣬ˡ


1711 
Ůӻһ˵꣬˲ϢѩĽǰһ죬ǳ綾һ㣬͵سѩȥ

ѩĽһµס˳޵Ľͬʱǵɷ۹ƺСǰŮӣȻɽס˶ԷıУɶԷȴһ˲Ϯ
飡
ѩһƽ𿪣ȥɷŮһЦãôרģɱֽȻŪŶ
һ˵꣬һ裬жʱһ棬һ㣬»࣬͵سѩȥ
ѩֻջعרȥԸĹƣϾٹ˼ǵɷ𣬶ʱڰУֻ˫ֲϽӡϵϢȻøˣǰеĵɷҲ
ǵʲôˡ
ѩ䣬еĽƸһ㣬ŮӹȥŮ䣬ڰȥӰȻڷѩ֮ϣһ죬ꡣ
Ǻǣ°
ŮһЦн˸ӡһ»ӰصѩȥӰûм˷ס
˪ѩ裡
ѩг̼裬ʱγһƬ±˪籩иǰ˪콣Ľһ¾Ӱˡ
ۼ⽣ѵŮ㲻ֱˣŲһӰѸȥܿĽӰֻӯӯһЦŽǧ꣬ӲչһͽֱʮǰһͽǽΨһĴˣȻý
ѩָһ˪콣ֻصߣֻŮӣŮҳؽڲѣ
ʱϣȻһ㺮˪̫֮ؽʮδֳâһΣ̫زڽ֮Уâ

ŮҡͷһЦãҪŵͽܣҪ㣬һ㶼ϧŶ
һߣѾɷ۳ΣŻӣֻЦʦãаúõһŮǹһϲ赶Ūģʲô
а
ѩһԭˣаˣаλڿླ˵󲻴˵СС֮Щħ֮ˣֻߵа֮ˣȻҲĸˣֻЩˣƽаٳ߶һμž֮ش춯аҲˣⲢδ֮⡣
Ǻǣѩãڲŷ𣿡
ŮһЦѩĿ䣬ղŴŮӵĹ·֮УʵѾһЩаˣֻδҲδţʦƣȴ֪ʦаˡ
ʱڰУµӣѾ콫ŵɷãٲһ㣬ܽȫɷˣѩüͷһ壬ȴ˽ɷȫۺãʱ޷׷ˡ
һ̣ԥ˪콣ǰһɲǻ˪̬ĺ˪裬һȵ͹ȣú˲١
˪죬ѩᣡ
ѩ˫һһɿµĺʱΪıѩ裬Ҫ⸽һжɱ
ʦãСġŮӴȥһ
ʦֻ۵ɷ𣬲õҡ
Ů棬˪Ϯһ˲䣬ֻһ裬·ɽȵҽɽҽֵѩ˪ѩᡣ
ĺ˪֮ɢȥֻһЦɽȵĵĻ𣬶ƺܲѺð
ѩѾһ㺹飬ղǼ£ҲԪ˹ȵŵĻ𣬶ԣȷʵʮֲ
䣡
˫֮ʣǹȵҽ棬Ȼһ⣬ֻһӰøʱŨ̹
СӾȻû
ʱҽӺӾɫһѩҲӦһ˵ɷ𣡡
ɫӿȥл۵ɷڣˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦһɲǣͫӳɫӰӣһ˲䣬ʮɫĻ棬ͳ˹
Сġ
ѩ֪аΪܸߣȴأУʮɫ湥֮ʱһ˲仯һâɳĽһ½ӵʮɫ棬ȫֵסˡ
Ŷ
ЦЦȻˣɷʱҪˣ㡭ú˵
һ˵꣬ȻһɫӰȻа˼꣬ΪͣǲҴ⣬ָһȫһеҲһ½â
һߣѩҲһκŮӴһ˫ʱ׹֮չ·ҽֱǧһ㼤ûɽȡ
Ƭ̣ӷ̫ĽɷѩѲȻЩϣ˿̣Ҳδȫ
е˼ǱҶþвˡ
ӺȻһˣ˫΢һӡü֮ϣȻһӡϣҲ˼ɫ棬Ϣһ˲䣬ǿࡣ
ʦ֡
һߣŮӼʦ־ħԪ֮˫һгһ裬͵سһɫ棬ѩ״ָһ˪콣ݡһɹȥ͵Ϯǵˡ
Ǻǡ
ŮһЦô˹ϲˣ˵ɷѩ洫һУΨ˷ܿ߾磬ӣ
Ů
ѩȥϻָһ˪콣ӦɻأһسŮնȥһһȴȫԷ˿ȥ
Ǻǡ
ŮЦʦĽǲ˲ֹһǰǺǡ㻹Ƕء
ϻ࣡
ѩӰ֪Ůǹ񣬶޽֮ˣ֮ʱҡ
һ棬սδ⵽ʱɷѾɣٲߣֻ׹ҽ棬ֻɷصص֮¡
䣡䣡䣡
˫⸽ɽѣӴ͹˶ֵƺʱʶԷΪ֮¡
סɷ
Ȼ䣬ΧдƬɫͬʱ֣һɿֲϢ˲˷Բʮ
һأŮҲɵ΢΢һʦΪԸˣȼħԪⲢ֮ͬ˵ԪһħԪģʱ޷ֲģҲʩչһйδܳɹƵУ
Сӣˡ
Ȼӷǳţһйض֮أһкķħԪҲȷʵʮֲֿУʱǻһƬɫ𺣣ŭܵף˲۳һѾ޽Ż֮Ȼն
⡭
һǳͣҪܣѾˣ˷ѱӷȻչɲҲұ֤һ˲ȥδȥؽش
һ
һĻѩҲһһ֮Ҳ޷ֵֻ¡һ죬ɽȶʱҽҽŨ̹
һɫʱЩɷף⸽ҲѾûϢӰˣȥڸղһ֮£ҷˡ
һ
Χİʹ÷ѩϾɫȻţҲȫ޷֪ϢԷǳʧһѵˣ
ʦ֡ģ
һ˲䣬ŮӺȻһɲǣһͷϷһƴȥһأǲ
ڲ֮£һ˲䣬޷Ѿûһֻؿǰ
ʩչһ˲䣬ԶһӰݡһһ´ֵ½˾ˣܹ֮ǿа˾ߣȻΪ


1712 ɱ
δǺ˴½˾ߣʱŵɷѾΣֻһ죬ȡС
ڣǵӰֳȴһµߣ˫Ŀ棬ϣһϢ
һ±ʱѩԣǺʱͷҲ΢΢һǡɱɡ
ʦôˡ
Ӿ긦ЩɫɷףŮҲһ˲ߣǺ߹˹֣ʦ
ĿһҲһԵķѩȥ˭
аħ֮һлɱɡˣԭͽܣס
ɱɣ
š
ѩأԭţѾ˼ǵãרɱЩа֮ˣȡԪӤֶ̣֮ʹħˣеа棬һɱɡĳƺţŽţԼҲԳơɱˣҲ˳ƺɱɡˣǰյͽܣŮĽгеĽס
˿ѩ˵ţЩ˽⣬ԶǸɱɡղŴܹ֮½˾ߣʣʵȻ̫徳ħ治ôԳΪʵȷʵﵽ̫徳磬ǧĵС
ǧĵУԷͬСɣ֮ˣһҲֻ޵ǧУǧУӦΪ磬ʥ֮ǰĺϺڶѣÿһ޵ĵУɰٶȣֱԪľ֮ʱҲѿʥ֮
ʥʵ;УܴһڶǾž̫֮ʥ֮ͬһطܹ˳̤̫ʥ֮ģʵѾ޼֮Կ࣬Ϊصǿ߾һ̫ʥķ֮˼񲻼һйط֮ģĿǰȫֻǴ˵
˿̣ǰɱɣȻԷϢز¶ܹоӦûûе̫徳أǵ̫徳أղűضѾˡ
ʱɱҲ񲻶ؿղ֣ض޷һ˲ӣһ˲䣬ϸܵϢһ˵ĺ䣬һͽܣɥˡ
ڣҲ޷ȷǰ˵ΪʵǹѲ⣬ȥֻ徳ΪΪθղȴǵȿиΪҪһ㣬Ŀӣ棬û˿⡭
ǰҲˣЩʱҲȻ壬Щ棬һװģװһӣöԷԼеӣҲ⣬һ̫徳ǿߵ壬Ҳһװ򶨣ʵȴǷǳ
Ǵ˿޷װģ˿ĸоһѾ̤˸߾ˣᱻ壿
ʦ
ʱվһԵĳʱͬ£ʦɷ˵ֱӳֽԷˣǴ˿ΪοȥЩɵǰˣ
һߣѩҲͬĻһ̫徳ǿߵʱҲԱݲȣ֪˿ɱɶţһöԷκһ˿ߣֻԼˣվΣˡ
ŴʱɱɵĿ壬񲻶ǰˣû̫徳صΪɼǶصΪҲĿǰܿ⡣
ڹɽʱѾ򵽲⾳ĵ㡰ҾҲ˶Ĳǿ⾳䣬˵һ̫徳صߣ̫徳صߣҲԽ塣
˺ǿ컯⾳
ɱɷ֣ʱҲ޷嵽ʱв˼⣬ӾǺɴδ˵̫˵õˡ
ʦŵɷȫˡʱʦԲ֣Сѵ
ɱ˫ĿһǻаܴǷᱻסѳˣԥ
Ǽž֮ȴͬа֪⸽Ȼ϶ڰ벶ȸںǲףԣԸ赶ɱˣҲ벻֮ȴ̵
Ϸɱɣ֪СѣγƺƬ֮ˣҲɫݣֻصһ
ɱɲһأһ£ĪǴ̫һĺˣ
ʦڴΣԱߣ׼ʦ˿й˼ɣʵ
ɱ˫һ˵˿С罫Ƚ˴
ʦ˼ǣ
һԣҲɵɻ󣬶ʱȻӦԶһʮǿϢѸ߿ˡ
ɱɵղʱѾˣڴˡȽӴɡ
ʦˡ
أҲʦ⣬ֻǸղЩȴʦסвʡ
ӡ
һɲǣѩҲܵˣһٶϢӣ֮⣬ӦƷˡ
Ȼ̶һ˲䣬ӱ⸽󣬻ƷȾˡ
ѩ
ʱѩһȾɵһ¾˳һʱ¶˷ѩһݡ
ʶ񣬼ʹȾѩ֣Ҳϳˣշѩһɽ棬ӦϢϢûˡ
쵽ִ֮Ҵȥ֮ˣǸ¶λˡ
ӵĿ⣬˷ѩϣһߣɱŴԣּץ̫ļСʱ֪˼֣ѣǷˣ
ɱɡ
ӵĿ⣬ɱɿȥĿ䣬Ȼ˷ǵзѣɱɵѲᣬͽֻڴ˴ˡ
ŵŵɷ𣬿ɶһȥˡ
ԣȥĿһ±øˣʱֲõԤУر˼лǰлвǣҪȫˣЩ鷳ˡ
ҲѲͷһˣʱܿӦ֮ƣһԵķѩȥԺҸһٶȷɳȥӱȻһ˲ԥһ˲䣬Ļᡣ
ԣѩһ£Ʒǡ
ǲƷˣֻĿǰΪ̫徳ĸ֣Աѣֺȥȱˣ˵ͬһʱȥҪκԥһ
ѩԴʱԥһ˲Զȥˣ෴ķȥһ˲䣬ӹȻԥһ£Ҫȥץһ
ץסһ˲ŵĻᣬҪչ˲ǬȴûϵһȻ˹顱һ֮ϣʱȫԪһʧܡ
һ
Ѿߵķѩʱ⣬һ˲䣬ַ˻ţ
û¡
ɫɷףǿźһѪʱһ֮ѾɲǼ㽫Уλ°ɡ
ߣƷ˶ס˺һ˵ͻ䣬û뵽ѩһ˲ɻ̼ǵۣ֮òݣôת֮䣬ϵͱôˣ
ղŴӰ͵ϮһȻǻɱɷ˿ֻվڲԶһƵӣȥǰһƣĳסˡ


1713 
ֳ£ɱ鵭ȻδԣҲղ͵ϮһκνͣԣӶһЦҾӦңʦһƣδȡ
һɱɲӿȥɫƽص£Ҫˡ
˵꣬ͽףߡʱ⣬ԶȥˣƬ̼㲻Ӱ
ڸղŵļʱ͹ȣ±ҽŨ̲ϳգȴʹ˸еѡ
ԶƷ缸˶Ųԭǻϣţѩܹ취ǣصãȫˡ
˿̣һһͷѩѱĽ֣֮ҲĴʱߣֻȻһģǽҲȻһɡ
ӡ㵽ҪǴδ
Ⱦָ֮ǰʦȥɽȣڷϮҼһɴӴȴʧһۣ죬ٴգЩɥŴˣ֪ҪʲôΣյ顣
Ȳضʣȥ˱֪
ӲԣҲ˵ҪȥʲôطʱֱͷѩǰŶ˵;£Ҫϴһӡǡ
£˫ѸٽӡһѪɫӡǣǰѸγɣȻһӡǣȻƣƷ˶һӡǣ޷ˡ
ۼѪӡǳԼѩ΢΢һʱӵĽ֮ƾĿǰΪ޷һѾ̤̫徳ĸֿ⡣
ˣҪô
ڷѩƷ˾ھ֮ʣȴȻ䵭˵һ仰ʱͣȥţ
ʵӸղ㷢֣ǰ°׷ӣƷЩȫͬƷͶЩˣ֮󣬸Сϣȴһʡ
ʣʲôһʱƬҲ˵ֻоǰ׷ˣ򵥣ʶʱһ˵֮ͣ
ʱƷҲȥ̼ǵõʱʼӣû뵽ӣɫȻ
ôСĪǻʲôҪ˵
ǻƷˣӸȥᣬоǰ˲򵥣ԷʲôҪ˵ܷߡ
ֻǰȥ΢΢عͷķѩ˿漴˵ǽŵͽܣȷҪϴӡ𣿡
ŴһƷȾ˶ס˺ɫҲ𽥽ֻһߣµӣ˵֪һδͽСҪڲƭϷҲҸĻѻ
Ȼ鲻䣬ǰž֮أжˡ
һʣ˫ĿһȻҲӷѩ֪ˣӣпܱǰǰ뿪̫Ǹӡ
꣬ΡĿ΢
ꡭ
ǷƵӣصǰ֪󿪣ȻֻȥһգҲǷ˲䣬ǰ֪һǰűһͽܣ󡣡
ţ
˵֮飬Ա˼֣ʱѩȥղȷʵƳ˷ѩĹĹɽ⣬Ѱ֮˾ɣĪСԣǽŵͽܣ
ʦǽţ
˿̣Ӳò֣̫ЩˣΪ֮ϣž֮Ҳη壬ɽȴͬˣڽŵĴ࣬տླǿ֮һû˸Ҳ
ǣΡѩص
š
˵ȻǽŵͽܣϷ㲻ΪѣסҪͼߣʹթŵͽܣϷҲ
ԣѩȻȴ˿ʱȥĿǴżָл
ȥʵţϡɻչڶͽܣ
һһ㣬ŴԣƷ缸˶ҲҡҡͷûС
šǾͺá
˵ͷһ˲䣬еӡǣȻȥһÿ磬֮У޷ܿ顱һһѪӡǴؿڣ֮ϣʱһʹ


1714 ע
һ
ѩǰȥ˿ӵȥʲôȻӴϵӡǣƷ缸˵Ķͬ
һ̧ʾ£ʱĿȻϣ鵭Ȼ˿ˣֵŸղţС˴˵ŵɷôڣȫóɡ
Ʒ缸ˣѾһ亹ʱﻹ˵ϵɷʲôģ̩Ȼнղյõŵɷ飬ȡ˳
ȴֻŽӣʣһţ˷ѩ˵ǰȻϣŵͽܱ֮ʱʲôɣ
ѩ˿ֿ˿һߣǲٶԣֻߡֱʱƷͶƵ˲ȫع󲻾Ѿһ亹

ҹһһɽƺΣϢȻ
˼ž֮ض֪꣬˴طҹﶼ߶һɽǰ˵ߣǲ뿪˴֮⡣
˵꣬ɽȥˣҪоһžˣƷ缸ˣǲԸͬһطȥһɽ
ڼ䣬ѩǸž֮زãӣʱ棬ֻйˣˣסˡ
ҹɽӼžѩһɽϿȥ˵ȥ˵꣬һԾȥ
ϴϣ绺ļ򣬷ѩִֿ߽ŵֻΣ
һۣѾް˵꣬վԶɽӰ
ѩһձֳ򶨣ʵǸʱѾЩˣЩ꣬ڽ߶ͻ¼һʱ޴롣
ʱȻתͷָһ˸һ磬ѩͻȻд˾ٶüһôˣ
˵ʲôҲµûҪȥĵطӦǡءҪȥĵط֮ǰȥĵطҪΣǧٱ
һ˵ѩüĽˣסǣҲԭֻһҪȥǸطܴĳֽƣ޷򿪣ǣ򿪽ơ
ѩɫһʱ˵ڷɽ桭

Ҳˣ˸Ʒ˵֪ǹΣգȴҪȥ̽·ȻȵĿĵ֮Ӳǵǵȥ򿪽ơƴ֮ɱڡ
˴ѩֻеϮЩ֮ǰȴû˵ĻôҪɱǣֻ飬˹ز¶ڶû¶κһɱ
˼˵ѩֻпˣӴΪ̫ߣû̫գһʧܣܻẦˡ
ѩһҲԽԽأʵҪΣ
һʱɫɺƽ˵һգѶӦûܴ̫ԣԻȥ˵һи֪̫Ǿǰ
ѩ˫üأ뿪ˣӴ˿ܻǡ
˵ܾǰʦң֮ʱΪκǣûκһ˿ԥˣȻ񡣡
һ˵ѩһˣĬĬͷĽʼղ죬ѵΪһֱкʦ𣿶ʦܹΪĽûκûκθ顭ô
á֪ˡ
һ̣ѩϺȻһƿȻ˵ͷִȡһŵɷ飬֮ǰһţ˵һŵɷţӦܹʹ㰲ȫ뿪ˡ
ô졭
ѩ̧ͷ鲻ɵһΨһһŵɷҲԼǡ
š
ԥˣһ̣ѩӹɷ飬ֻһŵɷ飬ޱȡ
ԶɽӰȥ˵ĿĴﵽ֮ǰǶġ˴عͷ˿תͷڴʱȥض֣ҹ۴˴죬֮ڣһ䣬ʱһ취һЩǣסˣûߡ
ѩ¹µĲֱڣףǰӣˡհʱѾ񣬲֪룬ɶԷΣ֮£ȴѾǺһС
ס뿪֮󣬲Ҫͷתͷ
á
ѩ˵ͷ飬Щģʲôˣ磬ȥ֮ʿЩħˣҲȫͬ


1715 ı
ҹɫףʱһطɽ׻ģ΢ĹߣԼɼӰһˣǻɱɣˣͽܳס
հʱǳսУЩˣҲ󣬴ʱڻɱ˹֮£ָһЩ
лʦӣѾˡ
˫֣׸ڻɱߣ꣬ʦͽԲضԡ
š
ɱվǰȥսڵ¹⣬˵ףһս֪ģ
ԣײصͷ˵ĵУ֮£ʱգֻһӣ˼꣬ȴЩڶԷ£һʱֻգ˵ǵѧղʱգӶڼʦ֮

ɱתһ̣Ǳ⣬˵Ϊʦ㣬֪֮Ĳ࣬ġ
һ̧ͷʦʱĿ⣬һʱЩվһԣҲ̫ʦ˼˵ʦָǣСʮأհʱҲȷʵˣһ£֪αܿʦֹģǹϢǡ
˵ȥɱɱתɽȥתߣҲͣ²ˣ漴ȥ
ʱѹҹɪɪ½ɱɿԶһƬֵɽӰ˵˵컯Ϊʦһˣд컯
컯
ʦһ˵׺ͳ˾һʦ˿ָ컯Īǡ

ɱתǰ˵컯ǷԼʱ⣬޵óΪ԰ʱ䣬ؽͻ˼̤Ǵ˵֮
˴׾ѱɫ䵱˶컯֮ˣһӱ޵óΪǰʱ䣬̤봫˵ķ֮
˿ױϲðһ亹հ죬˶֮ʱѲɴˡûоȫ
뵽˴׸ǸеϮ˼꣬һΪɾħʥŲСһξ룬Ƿ⡰𾳡붼ȥ롣
ɱɿף֪ĻᡭѾˡ
ᡭ
һ£̧ͷʦָǡѵһɲǣɫ䣬ѵʦȻҪȥ

ɱһݣ˫֮һ˵컯Ƿܽ컯ᣬձؽͻ˼
컯
Ѿ뵽֣ɴʱʦ׿ڽһ𣬶һԣҲסˣʦȻҪʦȥ컯ֲýհʱʦֻǽδɱ֡
жԪӤǣЩ飬Ϊ֣ɲǶǻǶЩΪ³ˡϳˣ֮Ƕ컯֮ת֮ܡ
һ˵컯Ҳ֮٣ɹֻɲֶȴԶԶ߹ԪӤЩ³֮١
ڷ֮Уĳ˱ŵ֮࣬Ϊ컯ǵʩ컯ᣬô˽ضʧδΪʱ˶컯ΪͷؤΪ컯úظӡ
컯ǽһ˵ˡ츳Ԫ࣬һȫߣĳ˽һ֮Ǳ˶컯ôһжڣ컯֮ˣһԾϡ
һ̣׵ĿҲ͸һɳȣǳɹ컯Լһɳˣ
ԱߣګګʦҪʦȥ컯ءЩ꣬ʦһͬʦһԾ죬Ǳһ˼䣿
ȻҲȥѩ컯ǸֶΣҲûǸӣ˵Ѿʧ֪꣬Լͽ컯ᣬǿаðˡ
ȥ˳˵ʦкοɵģʱеپʵʱѵᶪʦһ˲𣿡
𡭡
ȥֳСʱһĻĻɱɿŶ˵ʱ˫ޣȻҲͻ
ʦġһὫ컯
׽ָһΣĻˣΣҲҪץס˴λᣬܶô컯ضǳɾޣ֮ǰ̤Ƿ𾳣Ϊִһħ𡭡
ɱɻתȥһֽɽĬȻ֪컯ǷȴͽȥᣬԼҪȻдıѸߣ˵컯Ҳͽá
һֵӡʦΣ
ӡ
ɱ˫Ŀһһӣûз˵ҪȥͼΣһʱǴںˡ

󣬹Ȼԣ֮ڣž֮رһ䣬һոչ磬춯㻺ֻɽҡѺ۳֣ЩѺһڷ֮䣬ɥ
һˣոһɽ룬Ҳ˾䣬˿̸ɽ𵴲ݣѣγһ׵ĺڰԨȣµǣɽлһЩϹޱˡ
Ǹң
Ȼľ䣬ѷǵһˣ˿ֻ򶨵ȡɷ飬ɫ䣬ĴܣȻ£ǱԭزԽܣԽ޷ӦԵΣա
Ҫߣ
һ죬ֹ뿪˵˴ǲغ£Źһʱ춯ֹͣ뿪
Ƽ˶Щ㷲˵ǲؾ䣬˭˵׼һ˵ر̫徳ΪԿһ˲ߣΪ˵ˣ
¡¡
ԽԽͣΧɽ壬Ѿʼ̣ۼ춯ԽԽǿһأҲü˼ž֮ض֪꣬˵գΣգҪȥǸطգ⼸һҲȥôȥǸطҲɡ
ʦ֡
Ⱦվԣ˵ǼˣǿླٮٮߣȴмʱվأЩ⣬Щ֮صˣѽ·ɱ򶨲ҡ
¡¡
쳾ѩһۣղôʱһָȥʮ֮һͷϡ
𣡡
޷һŭʱ߱˹ٶ֮죬磬֮ͣ羪κˣ̼⸽𵴵øͣƼ˽һֻ޸Լʮɣֻ۾Ѫĵӿֲѡ
𡪡
޷һһצʱ̳ӿɢ˳ȥɫһ䣬Ȼ̫徳ΪҲСž֮صϹޣ˫һ̧䡱һֵס޵һצǵһצҲһˡ
𡪡
޹Ʊ裬ŭѣ£ʱ棬ҪǰһУԻΪҽ
ɫֱ䣬ὫϹ춯ڼ䣬ӵĻֻ»ޣǻס
ƼɫɷףǰޣҪǶˣʱҲ˲ôֻ࣬ǰӺֵޡ
ѩһۣʱѾˣž֮أΣգҲֻΨһĻᡣ
ѩ˿Ҳԥתһ⣬ʷȥˡʧӰʵһΣ÷ѩϻȥž֮صֻ̫Ϊӣһԭ


1716 
ã⸽𵴲ֹͣϹ˷ҹƬ̼䣬Ҳˡ
ӰȥֻԽԽ߶춯Ѿͣˣþ뿪˵ء
˼⼰ˣԥһԪԵֵ޽һ䣬˲һƬ⣬УһԶʶȥˡ
Ƭ֮Ӵż䵽һɽϣ˴׷ȴЩǱƷ磬ղЩȥ
һˡ
̲ѩˣղֵ޽ϾԹˣѩûӡǣԵʱѩ뿪ʱδһʱ䷢֡
ʱҲŷ֣ѩѾˣ˵Ŀ⣬ϡ
ȥˣ
һ˲䣬ɫƵĿϣֱʱ뵽ԭ졭ȫСӵƣ
ղؾ䣬Ҳûע⵽ȥδˡӵʣɫʡ
㵱治˵
һɲǣӺȻǰһ̧ܵʱһɿ磬߼˽һƷ缲ǰ
һƣվͣ˰УȴҲδգһ£ԴҲɣ˵ˣ֪
á
˫һûа취ôɱˣɨһۣƼˣʱıĿ⣬ɵһˡ
òҪ֪ǵл˭Ҫߡߣ
˵꣬һһֳʱżһ߷ȥˣѩѾߣ˵ز˾Ҳûʱȥѷѩһ
֮ʱ˸ӣֲ֪ʲôطֻãĺɫ£Χȫһһ߼ʵɽ壬ʱȴǰϸϸƺˡ
ϸˣ˵ǡħԪǴɾ棬˵һΣôЩȫ˼ž֮أȻ򵥡
ħԪٺ٣˵ҪϢȥ¥öǮ
¥Ҫ֪£½ƹֱ˰ɣħԪഫǵһλħ̲صٺ١ǿ˵á
ǮҲ͡
ֻһСϣӽ˵Ϣصüߵʱ򣬲ŷָȻˡ
ȵȣס
ߡ
ˣûϳȴƷϳˣ˵ͷҴԶȥˡ
Ǹղ˵ĶԻħԪһ£ȴƷ缸˴˿̾룬ħԪʲô˹ӣǴʲôط
ٿӣϾȻݣûһ˿仯ǴżˣǰȥҲûסղˡ
ֱҹĻᴹ֮ʱΧɽһƬӲŴż˵һɽǰͣ£˵ҳȥһ£ڴ˵һ
˵꣬һȥˣƷ缸˿ȥķֱҲ޷ӦϢˣŻعַ׷ȥ֣ѩǳȥˣ
˼һۣ˵õĻҲܹϢȥٺһЩ峤ϵˣ˵ܹ
Ŵԣ˿ǽţȻЩҲˣȻʱûжǱֳκһ˿ɱģԽŴߣԽΣյĸо
һȾȻ뵽ʲô˵ˣղŴ˴Ҵȥȥʲôòǡʱˣ˵ʲôħԪѵ
˴߼˶˸ЩʼصģҪȥֻ˵ҪҵĳطѰĳ֮뿪ѵĿľǶ˿˵ʲôħԪ
ħԪǾʲôղųȥѵɱǶڣ
ȾɫһףƺƷ磬ҲɫһףˣǵҵʲôħԪ֮ҲҪɱڣ
˵УΨ侲Ϊ㵽ӵĿģ򵥣һҲûв´
˿ֻϥһʯ£Ʒ缸˶˹֣Ϊߣ˵ô
ƺʱ˶ѾȫˣҲ֣Σ£ǣ벻÷ѩɹȥķȴڶ̶Ƭ̼侲뵽Բߣһ㣬ڳǱٶҲûá
ʦ֡а취ӳȥ𣿡
ȾȻ뵽÷ѩȥİ취ҲһԼߵİ취ɣ
̧ͷ˿ˣ˵̫徳صΪҼ˼һҲĶ֣οҼ˽ӡǣӵûá
ô졭
һ˵Ⱦɫְ˼֣ӣԽԽ³ÿ죬ȴ̶ֻӣԼû
ħԪĸ֣֮òҪ𣬻нհˣҲûпҪ̸۴¡ˣɼһЩ⡭
˵˴ͣһ£Žŵ֪ѩȥܿͻὫȱԽضӿȥǽɾأһȥˣʱʹ峤ϵ˸ҲûˣԽҪ취ϻٶȣ̫ǰǣȡʱ䡣
˵꣬˶ͷ˼Ⱦֻ𡭡
Ψˣܱס
ʱֻ֮һ£ǰʱ߻пӣйħҹһΡֻԼˡ


1717 
ӽҹ֮ʱӲŴʱ½ƣţκ춯˾˿̼ԭЩ˯ļˣʱźһ
£̡
Ӳԣ°˸֣ɽȥˣƷ缸źЩţ˵˻ϲûκβͬôһʱ䣬ȥ
Ҳʯ棬۾һƷ缸ûܹȴľ쵽ˣӸղŻʱѾһԷֵѪϢѾɱ˽հˡ
˿̫֮徳صΪϣ¶κɱѰ֮ˣֻҪԶһ˿ɱȻΪȴȫɫȻɱΡ֮
ǰһ·ϣƷ缸˸ûջɱǣΪֻҪԸҵĳ֮󣬴˱ǣ֮ǻˣΪӽɱص̫

峿һ˼ž֮ȥڼ伸˰ԣħԪһ£ڲᣬҲ̸κ֮ʲôˣһӾˡ
һ·ҲȷʵԣӼӿٶȣƷ缸ˣ򲻶ɫþһзϻٶȡ
ºǲˣ⼸ʱ䣬һɽǰͣ˼Ȼͣ£䱸ǰΪΡͻȻͣ£
תĿڼϣ˶һֻѾܽˣҪټˣ˿ɱԹҡ
Ŵԣ΢΢һѾǾغܽôˣҲ֪ѩص̫û
ʱȾվ˳ʵʱſϷȥ
ߡ
һߣȵǴطԻȥڼ䣬Ƿҿɲұ֤ܹ뿪
Ʒ缸ʵѾ֪㵽ǸطҵҪ֮󣬴˱ضҲɱڣûҪߡ
Ǵ˿̣Ϊȫ˶װ֪ȾǼǰ˵Ҫ㻰ȵǴطҵǰ֮뿪
Ȼ
˳ŵ󣬼˲Ź¶һĵģȴԼǵĻΣڽǴɾǰһҪϵ̫ǰ

ʱԶȻһЦ֮ӣѾ˼ڲƭС棬ҪҪˣ
ʲôˣ
˫һ˳ķȥֻӰ֮䣬߳һӰձɫԻƣݿ£ȥһ֮ˣһľȣǺľ棬˼һɭɭĸо
ӡ
һϳձߣɿླҲС˳ơˡǹŵĳϣ֪Ǻԭ뿪ţž֮صʱ䣬Ӷ̡
˵ϢӲ£ȻҲ̫֮Ʒ缸˶ס˺һΣž֮ع˲ٸ֣Ŷ̶ǾѾλ̫徳ǿˣǽɾأֻи̫徳ǿ߰ɣ
˵ǼˣǺٮٮߣ徳̫徳Ĳ࣬ԶԶ徳徳Ĳ֮࣬ݣҲΪʮ徳۷֣Ҳһ̫徳ǿߡ
οӺǰˣ͸Ϣ⻹̫徳ڣǶ֮ˣֻһϢκ徳߲ҶĻƷ缸˵ıˣֺξӣ¶Է׷ŭֱ֮ӷǵΪ
˿ֻ̣źľȣٺЦӣǲ֪εĽƴ򿪣ͬСɣȺС޹ȥ˵ˡҿˣȥʱߡ
ԣƷ缸˶һӣŹӣкιϵ
ٺ١
ЦЦľȣƷ缸ָָģԼҪȥʲôط֪ôϡͿȥֻǺһˡ
ߡһߣ䣺ʱԻᱣǣġ

ЦЦʱһҵԹ˲ϾĪӣͷ۲ɣ
ԣɫԽˣص㵽˵ʲô
ٺ١
ЦЦ˵μž֮ôˣΪζҲɣ
˴˿Ʒ缸ˣŵ⼸ˣСҪ˾̫Щˡֻ½鷳һӦ˵ģ㲻Ҫˣ˴ģɲֹླˡ
ߣ
һ䣬ɫǱ䣺ҵĴ㣬ÿ

ҡͷЦջһÿˣȻͻֻǿŶԷ뿪ʱĿƷ缸ɨͣϣһϡعʱһѾӰ

ʮ죬Ʒ缸ƺѾϰ侲˹˿˵Щ֮󣬱֪ȥǾһ佹ǲ侲úԲߡ
ܹһֱգɫȻûʲô仯Խǿ͸﾿ʲôѵһҲĽҪ
һգһƿ֮أ˴Ѳǰ಻ɽ壬ȥΨһЩƽ꣬沼ι״ľʯ
Ȼ˿֮ʱȻֻ¡һ죬һ˾뼸˲ɵĵطʱøһæȥǱеĵطѻһƬڣѿѺ̡ۣðŰ̡
ǡ
һĻ˾䱸ʱǸˣ˵ʱƺ˵һ䡰ĪǾ
¡¡
ڼ˾֮ʣǾ֮ϣȻƷӿһ绮գ·ԶžҪ˺Ѳ񷡣
˻δ棬Ȼܵ洫ĿֲϢֹӿ棬һµԶŽơ
Ʒ缸ΪͣʱҲľĸо֮Թ̤̫ʥ֮Ҳ˸С
˿̣ȾӿȥҪǴȥ
ԱߣƷ硢ơ硢˶ֲһ˵Լ˶ȥû̫徳ΪȷʵС
ӿŭҴܵľüͷ΢΢һ壬˵Ժǽ߱ǡ
ԣڱɫ̫徳Ϊ޾壬ԼҪ״У㲻ҲҪ˵С


1718 
ŭ磬裬˸ҿת˿һۣ˵Ժֻң׼¡
˿˵ĵƷ缸ȴţ棬ܵĽϢѾ˿ˣοȥ棿
ãӼǳǰһʱЩͷɫһһ裬ףδػǲɣؼˣҲ£̫СҿԽԽûϢˣ
һ˵Ⱦˣüǰ˵õɣһУԿȥ磬ҼûһС
ڴ˷Ӹǲͷˣ˵˵ԺᱣǣԻᱣ£ϻô
ҪŭˣƷǰһȾ˻ȥ˵ȻˣҼǰˡ
ߣ
һߣǸң˵գֻһʱɳһ⣬Уһͭӡ
ͭԿС֣Ӵʱ䣬ϵСʱһƬɫķӡ漴ҲԽԽճһƬ⣬С
ߡ
Ӽͭӣżȥһ˽ʱƷӿøͣһ磬ֱһĻʹƷ缸˽źҶ
¡¡
ֲڸ˶𣬵һ磬ȫӵͭӵֵˣȻͭҲһ㷨ž֮ҵġ
Լгʮ룬ԽԽͣͭСҲԽԽܼǽһµ赲⡣
ӻͷ˼һۣ˵Σ˵˲£ô
ϢӸհѻ˵֮ʱϺȻһŭ׽£һףȴǱǰ׸ࡣ
ǰģ

һ죬ͭӵסһ׺󣬵ʱѣ£챻һ㣬ΪԵ֮ˣûˡ
صģѡ
Ӻղǵô£ţʱסͭӺ˫΢һӡǰʱѷɽָһѷɽƿ֮ʱһƬƷȥ
ѷɽףһ±ɢһƬƣ֮£һͷԡԼĪʮɣȫһɫ磬Ŀ¶׹⣬ղһף¡
ССޣҪ·ȥ
˫Ѹٽӡѷɽʱʮɫ׭ʹѷɽâʢһ³նȥ
𡪡
ȻԵĵвߣֻǧңһͷеϹޣ̫صΪҲҪͷ·
ԼмܲסӵĹֻȥӼˣջطɽֻͷ˿һۣԥ̼ӿٶǰȥǵҹζ࣬仯
ʱ֣һ˲ڴƬڼޣ׹˿̼˶ЩǱҲãǰȫˡ
ǰ棬ĺɫãЩУȴܹܵһΪϢֻǰ߲Զνġءˡ
Ⱦǰ˼ʱԨĸоһɺ֮Уʱͷʹɵ˫ۣѸ˻ʵǰʲôط
Ʒ缸ˣȻҲܸܵ˵ĺ䣬⺮֮УݶϺһɡıϢ
˶˸ȻǼ˶δܹ˱ϢʱƺֻΪ򶨣ʼûκα仯Ϊɱ֮Уԣ̫Ϥˡ
û⼸ˣĿֱֱϣĪСѣ˴
ԣƷ缸Ҳʶ˹ˣӸղһ·𣬵ڶûκα仯Դʱδ֪ı֮Уû˿ݣѲ
һ̼ǵõ˵֮ʱһľĸоҼǰСӡ򶨣ѵһҲܲ˵صıϢ
ûС
֣Ĵ˵ЩɵĿС̫ѰˣúúÿһЩ
ǰǰ桭ʲôطΪһ˵Ϣ
ʱǰʵɲش𣬼ʼղ𻰣Ⱦֵǰֲ˵Ҽˣ㲻ȥˡ
Ҳա
ڿˣ˿ˣ˵ǿɻǵãˣǿ˵
ԣ˾һȻѾ˵ˣɴʱ׿˵Щȡ
ӵµҲˣĽƷǳһӣƿ֮գʱһЩͼ룬ա
˵˴ȻͣҲ˫֮У·ֳָһε龰岻ɵ΢΢һʱʮ꣬ǹɿ־֮УȻ˲صϡ
ͻȻ˵ƼҲЩţȾʵաΣ
ӻع˵֮ҪλСҽ룬³֮ҶǾˡ


1719 ֮
Ʒ缸˲Ųʲô֮Ĺ£Ҳûа취ˣֻܸһһôȥˣ֪ѩǷѾϢɹ̫
ʱĺɫĺϣԶɽӰʯᾣ͸һ˵ĹɭȻΧ˿ЩǸطҲ֪ҹﲻ˸·˵ȥǰҴطЪϢһߡ
˸ǰȥܿ죬ӰʧƬĺɫãɽӰ֮£ʱڸղŵĵطֻһӰ˳
ձһľȣһԶȥķ¶ЦݣǱˣȴ켸Ĺˡ
ӣ̵Ǵòֻϧˡٺ١

ҹȻΪһϢ֣հʱΪƬǽƣɵϣϢϮ£ȴֲҷϢ
ʱȾ˾һ𣬲֪СʲôһԣĿѾΣȻ޷⿪ӡϵӡǡ
ȷʵ͹һ̫徳ߵֶΣҪǿг忪ӡǣıҲǲܣֻһ˼ͬʱҲᱻԷ
ʦ֡ʦ֡
ʱȾС˹˿ʵʲô𣿡ȻҲƹˣ¥һȣ侲Ļ˽Ȼͬ
ȾΧ˿ûӵĶС˵һ˶Ǵȥʦ֡뵽ʲô취ûУ
ѩ뿪Ѿһˣգû̫ĶҪ̫˸Щˡ
ʦ֡ô˵ȾĬﲻɵһָСʵ
һ̧ͷ˵ؽߣҪ뿪
ʲô
һ˵Ⱦһ£֮ǰ˶취ˣȴ˵ҪһĸŴˣѵ
˵ò
ʱƷҲ˹˿ֿȾ˵˹ˣض̫徳ǿߣʱ粽ĸߣٴˣʱ֣һаЩħˡ
˵˴Ⱦɵȫ˸׹ȿĻɱɣ˻ãֻǰɱ˻ȡԪӤһЩħͷЩħͷȡŮԪֶθҪµö࣬಻һŮУǼֱ
Ʒɫɷ׵ӣ˵ȾʦãҲعڵģ̫λǰضѾڸ·ˡ
š˰οȾ˿ֻţһΣأ

ҹɫޱߣͬʱһ׵ɽϣ±վӰǻɱͽܣס
ʦ˵ûȻˡ׺ͳҹĻµɽӰͷһЦʦǺʱ

ɱĻµļž֮أһֿڵǸطĽδȥҲǰ׵ȣһɡ
һЦʱЩְԼɱʱʦ֮СӡͽʦˣǺǡ

峿˼ǰȥ֮һһļ֮أ˵ܹԸܵһųϢϢǴǰߴ
ͣǰĺں򣬱طΧˣλСѣ׼ˣ
Ʒ缸˶ͣǰƬļ֮أĬѵڣ˻ѡ
塭塭
ʱԶȻһԶѭȥֻԶһԼжʮˣŮŮС
Ϊ׵ǸˣȴһµߣŸľȣľϵһͭ壬ͬʱǶʮŮ䣬Ҳϵһͭ壬·ġ塱
嶾棿
˫һһϳ˴ʱߣǵڿླһִ嶾ʥ̡棬Ѳִ嶾̣һ֣޲ԶԶġ
ѣҲˡ
ʱ嶾ǶʮŮһͷųųӣȻҲǱץ֮ˡ
ʮ˵žûƷ缸˺ˣƷ缸ֻǱӴһӡǣʮˣԱ嶾嶾ƣÿսƣƶÿһʱһΣ
˿ǶʮϿ˿Ҳ֪ô£嶾ҲƷ缸˿˿֪ͬô£ֻǵĿʱɵöͣһȻڵѣɷ񽫴˻ңЩˣʮ
ԣ嶾Ƕʮľһ㣬ǵͷûһߣƷ硢Ⱦȴɵ΢΢һûɣ˻ˣЩ˵ʲô
ɲɫ˿ֿ˿Ʒ缸ˣعͷȥ˵⼸λСѣǺϵ嶾棬Ǹˡ

嶾Ŀ⣬ϣҡҡͷһЦǿǿϧˡ
˴ڽĿջأ˵а£ǽɿ֮ˣһΣ׼ˣ
ԣǰƬļ֮ؿȥ˵һŵʱˣȴǹȥˣǺߣӦǻһЩˡ˵꣬Ʒ缸˿˿ߡ
һ˽ԶȥӰ嶾Ŀ⣬ҡҡͷϧˣϧˡ
ںһƬɳĮɳ쳣ͣԽߣԽɳۣӼһɫӣֵ⣬˴һգһ˲ڴƬɳĮ
˿ѾھطΧܹиܵŵϢӿǰļ֮أ˵ȵɿ֮գҵȲſɿǴ֮أպ߰ɡ
죬һӼżǰУʱ䣬ǽ֮صĸɽδκҲ޷ȥǰ֮ǿ̫徳ǿȥˣҲҪҷ
ʱ䣬ҲˣΪȥǽ֮صģһأЩˣǽ֮ʲôħԪʲôŻˣô̫徳ǿߡ
һ̣뵽죬׹֮£ĹҪһ˵ĸоѵô̫徳֣һ
ʦʦǰ棬ǰȥˡ
ʱԶ棬ȻѭȥֻУԼԼŽˣΪ֮ˣһ£ģüһħӡӡ
а
һɫ΢΢һ䣬Ʒ缸˴ȥǻаΪߣСһЩȻ῿һЩҪߡ


1720 ɿ
˵䣬аѾ˹һаԶŵóȺӡ߹ˣҲƨƨ߸ӽµιˣʦΪβ񣡡
ȻȺӡʶӣаȴһϳˣǵӽ֮ӳӡ
аò
˹Ҳɱка˫˸˸Ŀϣָ˭
ӵʮǰյͽܡ
ͽܣ
а˫һȻһ׵ȥһɾʱƷ缸˽һˡ
ͻһĻ˽δϵȴ׼ڻаֵ˲䣬ѵǰ顱һаһƶϣΧʱֹ
а
һַڵһֵֿŻа˺Ƭ̣аŽջأ˫ָ۵ûʲôֻԣͽܵĵΡ
Ҳջ˵а˵ЦˣССӣܽӵסаһ
Ҳǡ
а۾ĿһϣƬ̣ȻڵιԸҵͽܣ
ԣƷ缸˾һ⡰ͽܡ˵ӵ
˵аȺӡʱιأСӣʦǿ㣬ĪҪʶôⷽԲʮﶼ֪ʦͨ󣬷ޱߣǾʮ磬˻ʥ·㻹ʦͷ
ЩˣһһȤаںӣһ䣺ιСӣڹҿͷӴ˱ҵ£㡣˵ָָһԵӡ
ȴ˫ָ󣬵ص㻹䡣
һܵʱ纮Ʒ缸סˣӶû뵽ƽһԹԻаͻȻðһ仰
СӡõúܣǾʶһ£ǲ䣡
Ȼаȫɱ͵һ±㳯˹һεĹƣȻˣƷ缸˱һƣԲȥû˿м֮
⡭
Ӱһ˲䵲ȥŴãΣڻа
飡
һƶϣԲɶʱӿȥаȺӡ˳ȥ
аϢŭգҶڴ˴֣˭Ҳ
ȫȻɿдҪͰԪĹ⣬Ȼаȴɷ˵һһƣֱӿƽƾԽԽ͡
ȴԶ˽սղǾ仰ʵȴΪ˵ԣ㲻û¡
ԱߣȾ˻δӦʱһ㵵ؿʱһӰȻ䵽ߣ˿ǰ˴򶷣Цٺٵÿÿ˵ˣ˭Ӯ
š˵˶˭ҲӮ˭
ԣ˵꣬˿ȥձһ±ϳˣĹˡ
šЦٺٵְ˵
΢΢һšǰ
ٺ٣˵أ
˲سһЦȻһץסֱۣСӣ߰գһ˵꣬ʱһ̣Զȥˣգ۱㲻Ӱ
һ
Ⱦץסһ¾˳ʱڰаòɿӷץˣʱٹ˲а򶷣Ѹ棬һһƬ⣬ƷУ׷ȥˡ
ӣҾˮˮιҵˣ
ܿ죬ӱ׷˹ˣһۣԽԽһСӣҲ̫ˣô׷ˣҲ
һ˵꣬ӳһɫ׭ݡһЯʧˣ˫һҲԥһɫ׭һ˲׷ȥ
Ӵ
˸Թݳȴһ³ǰĵӣҪҳ֣֪˭á
˰ˣѣģСӣȥɡ
һ˵ţľһƣ˳ȥ̽ʵû
û¡
ɫƽ˵꣬ԶȻһ춯ֻһһɿֲĽϢֱ߷ӿ˹
ɿˡģ˺󣡡
ɫһȥʱƷ缸Ҳǵˣʱؾľ󣬼϶¶˾ɫǡ
ˡˡˡ
ʱǸ֮ɫһȻˡ
Ȼ˿̣Ʒ缸ȴǲûǿȥüʵ𣿡
ʲô
˲֪ԣüû𣿡
ʲôȾһ㶣˿ֻüԼ
ˡˡˡ
ͳ֮ԽԽ·ڶʱеһͷƤ飬ѵֻԼü


1721 ֣
ʱǰ涯֮ȻһƬϹɢæס۾Ϲɢȥ֮ʱǰһľͨǽ֮صͨ
ɿˡߣ
ǰһľ֣ٲԥʱȿֺǽ֮ӿȥ
ߣƷ缸Ҳعˣ˫һҲԥߣ£̴żǽ֮صķȥˡ
Žдԣ˵Ϲʱڣһλħ˼䣬ħ֮أ㻯ΪһƬ֮أǧʼܹ롣
֮ؾж󣬴֪Ϊǧ棬ǧ֮һƴԼÿһӱһΣླ߽Ϊɿ֮ա
һδܴ򿪣ôκҲ޷УǴˣҪˣҲٴžŰʮһƣܹžŰʮһƵˣ࣬δܴ³ֻһǾǻҷ
ܿ죬ѾǾžŰʮһǰֻ棬ѾܵõǹɿµĽϢˣһ棬Բ񣬱ǻҷ³
˿̣һ棬øһΣǱóȻУջųģʮ֮һ
һǷ֣Ľƣ˵ĵСأԽߣԽҪܵĽƣҲԽأһΣ˶˲֮ˣǰƿơ
ʱͨаѾʼжһǧġӡ˵Щ䲻󣬵ǳ˴žŰʮһҲǾһ
ʦʦ𡭡⣬̫أǽȥ
˿̼ľһǧŵ˫ȷﻹҽУ
ϻνǧգñһʱΪʦҪǣҽȥƿƣ
аһһɾӿʱٶȥȻһĽƣٶˣʱһ룬ʣµҲǲֻʲѣѾ棬Ҳ޷ٳˡ
ĵӿһĻŵɫһ˸ǰаüͷֵ࣬ȴһȫǷͰ
ϣ
ֻһֽٶ˽ȥȫȻЩ˵ֻҪƿͨɡ
ط嶾Զ֮żʮˣǼʮȻҪǿаֵȺں֮ڣ棬ȻҲ
ȥɣ
嶾Ŷ֮ʮ֮ȫ˽ͨں󣬲ȥǰ档
Թ֮һЩżһЩ˵ĻǣҲЩá
طŲˣʱڳԽ棬Щǽ֮£״ûҷ𣬾ʵ²ѡ
ߣƷ缸ɫɷףףӽһ·ȥƿơ
ȾȷӦȥɫԭ㽫ΪƣȽƣһȥˣûڡ

ʦ𡭡Ҫ

ԶһƬͷƤĲҽֱƷ缸ëȻƺ˿ɫҲʮֲ԰ףĽƣͻƲˡ
ӵЩͻƲˣΪӣλСȴһǶǿླٮٮߣͻƴ˴ơ
Ⱦףô˵һô죿
һƽ˵һں濴ţһⷢһһʱ䣬Ǿȳ
һ˵˽Žɣͨ棬ƺһЩĽƣѾԽԽˡ
ԣ˶濴ȥֿ𴦣ƺΪ𴦵ͨһ򿪣ڵͨƱԽԽء
üͷһ壺λûʱԥˣԽ󣬽ֻԽԽأЩգ
һ˵꣬һ̧һԪԶ׼ҪٲڵĻҲҪͻаһֱӳֽͽˡ
ۼԽԽأƷüͷһ壺߰ɣգΣֻý棬һ룬״
֮˵Ŀޱȣ˲Ҵ⣬ɽ࿹Ȼǽ׵ֵˣһʱҲǰС
ߣӼ裬üͷһ壬ȥСѣȥǰգ
Ľƣʮֿ£Ǳϵǧ٣࣬ԥ̷ǰһ״Ȼȴָһ¡һ׻ȥˡ
һ±㻯ȥףӲ΢΢һ㶣ƺС˴˵ı£Ʒ缸˼׻ȥƣһΰ쵽ģ
߰ɡ
ԣ̴żǰȥǰ濪·Ʒ缸࣬ԽĽԽǿȵǺʱҲ˿ɡ
ȥͬʱ˺ͨ˸׼ˣƷ缸ǰ·ܿ죬ԶԶ˦ˣ˼һĻ޲Ŀ¶ɫȷʵûпۣСúܣҲȫǵԤϡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ʒ缸֮£ҲƷ֮£ʵȴƷ֮ϣרΪ
Сӡ
ƿƣа˫۷죬¶ɱ֪ˣҲҪץ㲻ץҲһҪɱȽ档
һߣ嶾桢˵ͬĿ¶ʣﰵţȽ֮ҲҪС׽׽ҲҪס
֪ܲЩڴʲộȻҲ㡣
һߣɱҲͨͽ׺ͳǰ·˵ٶûһ˿죬ǺùаЩˡ
˹ȥ죬ƿǾžŰʮһƣ棬ֻϰƲܲȥصʬǶѻɽ͸һϢǽɾأ˵꣬λħȥ֮ء

˴¾󣬼ʹƷˣҲ¶˾ɫǲز
ȴɫݣң뵱꣬ȥħڣʮָħһӣȥϣȥɽħɽϹۣ֮ġ
ϸĵطһԽռɾأҲȻԱ򶨡
ҲضѻɽʬǣҲЩľȻδܽҲ֪澿һȷʵЩ⡣
ֻóžչžϵļأλħڴˣеһšħԪһȣȣ־ںδ
ֻȥѰˣĹž˵˴һЩƣСһЩ


1722 ħϢɽ
մƷ缸ˣ˿ǲ⣬ȻȥΣ֮أܹһδδЩطųһٲ˵ģǱΣġ
ʱʬɽĽɾأӲ⣬ҲΪʬһߡ
һС̽Ѱţ֮һϷ⸽ǶһƷţͬľžŰʮһƣĽƣƺ޷򿪣ֻ
ȸȥɫֻ·ħӿ˿µ龰ʵԼ
ﵽʲôط
·Ƭޱ޾ĺɫħȾɷףҲزʬҲͰˣȻ˿µһħϢɽȣȻص棬һҪθ֪̫
Щ
ʹ̫徳Ϊ˿ɽȸǹӿħһľĸоѵǴ˵ħȥ֮ħⷽԲȫһƬ֮ء
ɫ糣Ĳ˿ɽ·Ĺħޱ޾ħʹħڣҲټ֮ԻƽΪƵľ
һȥϣڵʱҲһħϢԨֵǣϣһŮҲ̽ħϢԨΪζһ·ȥŮӲζǧѡ
طȥʮƣ·ħҲ˵
Сѣɷа취ȥ
ϸ˼֮ʱӺȻߣع˿·Ĺħ˵޾ħ֮ڲ֪±ʲô£óȻȥһ£ο⸽ŽƣҲ²ȥ
˵ؽأ±ߵħκҲ²ȥ
˵ţֻ֮üδΪΪ˴֮ǿԼҲ²ȥ
ʦ㿴Ȼǰϣ±ߣħ
ʱһߺȻиӵѭȥֻԶһߣһŮӣһӡ
˫һ벻գҲˣܹؽƣͽܣȷʵ˵á
ѣּˡ
Ǻ߿Ӵкаħ֮һĻɱɣԱˣȻͽܳˡ
ЩƷ缸˶ǷΪвһԿ϶ǣ˾ѣǰǣڲǣӲǡ
׹ȣͷѩѾɱͽܽˣʱǶ˿˹ȥܹߵҲΪˡ
ԣ˫кһ֣֮һֱһؾ棬ŶԷܿҪˣҲֻЦһȥᡣ
Ա߳ĵЦЦҲͦģܷŴ߳ȥǿɾ˵ˡ
ȴ裬ɱɴմһƽкıˣлᣬֳܹ֮ȥˣòֻǴΪ֮ߣ»֮ϣҪ֮ȥΪס
ʱж⿴һۣ˽Ҳˣû뵽Щ˻֮죬һν֮ؿȷʵϴ࣬Ҳǣһӹȥˣ˵Ϊ֪ˡ
֮󣬻аˡ嶾˶ˣħϢɽȵĽƣѾ࣬·ħƺҲȥȻ޷ȥ
±ߣʲô
գԼʮλ̫徳ǿ˽֮أ̫徳ΪҲȫ޷ƿħϢɽȵĽƣһǿĽƹò˻
һЩǳǰȥȻҲСˣЩΪ̫ͣǲԵֵ˴ơ
ȥ
аɽȸһǧǰɵգѾʣ²һˣЩӡŵĵѣʱﻹȥɽȣ
ʦʦ𡭡±ߣ±ߡ
ʲôȥȥ
аһǿнɽȥ˻δȥһƴʱ˴
һĻ˶ŵһˣӳŻ֮ʱ뿪˵أɻδ߶Զ㱻һ˽סˣٺ٣ӣҪȥģ
˵֮ˣձúľȣȴǹˣȻһ̣עһֱûƿ


1723 
ʱҲӿȥֿ˿뵽ǰЩգչֳı£һΣҲֻܹȥɽˣȻˣǾӽߡ
ӣô
ʶȥ֮ģ˲ֻ֪˿ЦٺٵСӣӵ׸ʲôôǵ߲ɣҪȻϷһѧɴһ룬Σ
˿̣˶˿ǰĹ̫֮£ѧˡ

ҡͷЦЦˣҪѧ֮ҪȻΪͽ£Σ
ԣ˶޳ܣﵭǸѾʦˣͶɣνʦ档
СӣҲΪͽ
ʱаҲһ˿һЦаհԼͽ£ɲҰΪʦ
㣡
а˫Ŀһɣһ⻰ȴڰзЦʱ嶾Ҳ˳СӣΪʦΣ߾ƣ£߾ƣҲҪԹΣѧô
ǵһЦƶ֮ˣʦ˵Щ˴򽻵
㡭

˴Цһ϶֣û˼һƲűأ˵꣬عͷȥСӣǴҪΪʦˣ
嶾Цû˼Ҹղ˵Ѿʦô
⻹򵥣
ۣ˵޷һʤµĹأֻҪҴӮλʦӴ˱ҵͽܡȻˣСӣλʦгգһ򣡡
ԣֻǺЦԣ˼һмӣ˫ĿһôСĪƲϷһ£ҪȻϷھʶʶΡ
ĺȻһӼɱģһµǰӣ
˿ֹ̲ǹˣа嶾ˣɱģǲܰԼǾɱ֮˱Ǹȥɽ±ߡ
˫һʲôСӣղǱʲô˼Сӣб£վ˵
˳Сӣղǲǿң
ҡҡ֣ǰҪᣬҲֻ㣬ҵ˼ǣĸλ
ѻ˵꣬ɽ棬Ȼһ춯ǷӡƼһЩ濴ȥֻ±ߵĹħȻɢˡ
ĽơһЩ
ħɢ֮ͼȥȻûܹȥ㱻ǽ˻ʹղһ춯󣬴˴Ƽ࣬޷
춯ͣҲջĿ⣬ȥСӣղ˵ʲôţ
˿̣ҲħϢɽջĿ⣬˵˵ĸλһҲвʦ˼һָ
Сӣ˵ʲô
аʱһŭѾɱģʱһɺɱ˿ˡ
˵ʦ˼ҪڴˣֻλһҪŵñβ·ˡ
Сӣ
һϣʱһ˲䣬ˡ嶾˶Χҵɱһǰһ̻Ҫͽһ̣ȴһ׹¶
λʲô
ӵǰߣ˫ԪϵϢҲһǿ࣬˵ССӣλȴ޲һ˱ҪɱйߣȥҲδ̫λˡ
ôһ˵˻ͣҪôһ˵ĻǻЩˣϾҲһͷ
ʱں棬Ʒ缸һļҪţʱȾ͡һЦ˳վԱߵĶƣһ㵵ĿȾʦãЦʲô
ҡֻǾãʦȻƽ￴ȥģʱҲͦȤģղţͰЩá
ЩˣͶɱġ
ʱƷ˹ԶԶأǲò˵ӦˣѲЩ˵ɱģԸղŹ˵ЩЩɱɣʵȴ»
ЩҪɱǾӸղſԣЩͷȴֻһԲϣ֪ʹɱ֣˵ȥȷû档
ԭˡ
ƷôһѣȾҲˣʦֹȻͻһɱֻЩȻϷŹ


1724 ֮
а˶˻ȥҲ˫ƣȥһټŭǣҿɲұ֤ܾȵ㣡һʱȴû׸ղŵĵ
ʱɽȺȻһ𵴣˶ŵԶȥ𵴴Լһʱ䣬ֹ֮ͣʱֻɽ棬Ѿκħˣڰɽ֣Ҳס
ȥ
ħɢȥ֮ͼȥɻûȥȻһЩ˶˻Ҫǿͻƽȥ³ֻһǺ֮ǰһҷ
±ߡô£Щ벻ˣȻħѾɢȥΪλǿĽƣ
λСѣǹȥҲƷ缸Ǳ߹ȥҲһ˻
̫徳ΪĿǰǾԲͻƵģƷ缸ȻǿȻôһЩ޷ͨ˴Ľơ
а˼⣬ĿǰֻһܹµȥˣȴܵЩ˵ȥ취Ҹ˿üĵطȥ
£ˡ嶾桢аЩ˶ټԶһɱɣ˵ĿģƺӲ򵥡
ҪȻСȥΣ
ʱֳ˹˵ĿҲ̶ֽǽάȣ˵ȥɽ棬һ
ð
ţɽȱȥԽǿ£ԽأѾ޷ŹȥˣһƼأҲ޷ȥˡ
ȵ¸ʱԶȻһ£ֻɱͻȻ߷˹ȻСҪȥ±ߣΪСϴһӡΪãС߶ˡ
˵꣬˫Ѹٽӡ͵سһֱŴˣֵ˲䣬㷴Ӧ˹Ŵ˴֮˫һ䡱һһ
ٺ٣ɱ֮
ЦһȻҲڱ͵Ϯݡһһ㳯
⡭
ʱҪջĹɴʱŷ֣ɱɽһһʱ޷ջأɱɵĿԶ׼˴֮Ը
ߣٵһݣ
аһߣһƴ֮Уһɫġӡ顱һһ±ϡ
Сѷ˵֮ǰˣСѻΪ𣿡
嶾Ҳ˸˵֮ʱһɫ򼣬˲

ʱɷף˫һ𣬽ɴ˵ؽƣǿ˻ɱɵʱȴй˵ġаġӡ嶾ġ߾ơ
߾ƣĹƣСѾͲĻ뽫ڱƳˡ
嶾ɭǿסˣ˵˵ֶҲţǿ߾ƣֻҪôӣҵɽħԪ
ǡ
ϵЩ˱ضᰵʩ͵ϮǸղһͻȻҲֹ⼸ˡ
˿ӣ㲻ΪСӻİɣҪʹֶΣͷħԪô죿
֪ЩãֻٴȥʱüͷӵİаĻӡ嶾߾ƣǵУ߾ƣʹҲû취ô졭
Уɱ˻ȥŴˣû뵽ͬһΡ
ԶЦЦһƣҪҪҲ
ûа˿һۣԣͻȻһɽȥ
ʦ֣
ȾȻһû뵽˵±߿ǳ˽ƣոֱǼ͵Ϯûָ
ȥ
ͻȻȥҲһ׷ǰɸһһ͵Ľʱɽȵ£ֻƮ죬ȴ˿Ӱ
ôһ¾ûˡ
˲ľղһҲһôͲӰòǽ֮£ҷ˰ɣ

ɽ֮£죬ǲ֮ͨ䵽棬ʯᾣûκ⣬ҲѰɽѾ֮ܲǰǹħˡ
ˣҲ˿⣬οڣϻЩ˵İ㣬һͻȻеؿڴһʹضǼˣ̽ûС
С
̧ƣ˿Ѿʼڵģ취Ƚ˵ĹаĻӡ嶾߾ƱƳ˵ؽˡ
ҪαƳ˲ֶҾ̫徳ǿߣȻӣŶûа취Ƴ
ľ괺޷һ֮
һɲǣȻ֮ǰ̫ؾõġľ괺ľ괺ܷһ֮ʱ㲻ѾˣҲȻЩô
˼⼰ˣԥһطȷΧûΣպϥ£ǡľ괺ؼȡϸϸ
һһҹʱ䣬ŽƪȫμУΪýֽ


1725 ɽ
ɽϷ˱˴˽䱸ţѾȥһ죬±κζŽƣҲܹȥ
ι˵СӸò±𣿡
ҿܵĻ󡣡
ܵٺ٣߾ϣһԿ
嶾濴˿ԶǼˣЦһֻعͷעɽ±ߣѾȥһ죬ȴʲôҲûСӾ±
һߣͬţԱƷ缸Ҳֻܴ粽ĸߣ˿£ߡ
ʦܸӦС𣿡
ԶɱͽҲɽ·ɱɾһԲƬ̣ӲƬ򡭡
ţ
ͬʱعͷһʱʦ˼ɱ΢ԶһƬɽ˿⸽ǽƣǰɽҲûгڣߣҵܿ졭ͻṦʧ
ԣ¶һ˿Ц֪Ļˣֻȴ˴ټһЩˣı£ҪȥҲѡ
±κζ֮ʱ²źȻһ𵴣һɽ·һ⣬⻹һɹɺɫħɷ
صɷ˶һˣϸ֮£ħɷⲢ棬ѵǡ
ħԪ
ħԪˣ
ԭǴ˵ġ
ͻʱһɧˡа嶾̫徳ǿ߶ɽȸǱǽ裬˱ǿҲ޷̸ȥ
ħԪ
һ̣Ҳס˺˵ħԪǵλħһΪξһһɫȫͬϢ
Сѣ˵𣿡
ʱҲ˲ȥôˣ̳ǵԪӡǴȥɲ֪Ǳ裬ڴʱ䣬޷ȥҲȫӦǵԪӡǡ
ܹӦ𣿡
Ⱦ˹ɽ棬ҡҡͷεѾȫƿطΧ
һߣɱɵͽҲעɽ棬عͷ˿ʱɫʦʵʦܸӦ𣿡
ɱ˫֣ȴڰͣ任ӡ

ʱɽ棬ϥĿȫڱϣ㲻ˡľ괺޷ȴתޡ
ʱֻݡһһɫ˳ȥȴ֮ǰ˴ϵġȻѱɹƳ
һѪɫӡɳһǻаڵġӡʱҲ˳ϵԪӡǣͬɾ
˿ɽϷȻӦõһѾԷƳ⣬ɵɫһ䣬СνƳģ
һߣаҲűɫȻҲǸӦĻӡѾʧڱ𴦣嶾濴ʱ飬ѾµˣвɵЦؾֻʣ߾ˣСӱٴ±Ҳûκΰ취߾ƱƳ⡣
߾ƣǻʱ䣬ɵģһƣҪΪħԪ᲻ýⱦóá
ԶüĽոҲӦˣϵǵԪӡѾʧʱȴƽˮϵӷǷκֶΣԽơ
ʦƼˡ
һط׼ɽȸ⽥ˣƺһ̣Ѿܾˣɱɫ䣬ڻʦȥ±ߣСӡа취Ը
ǣʦ
֮ɫκʱŹ׼ţ˵ʦ÷ģСӲġ˴ԵʦȥʦҲģȥ֮󣬱ضҵħԪ
šȥɡ
ɱϥȥ˫ַڵﴦѾһɫС治кðȥʮֹ졣

ɽȵ£ѾһɫƺС߾ƣ˹޷֮Ƴ⣬вؽöġ
֪ȥãǺ£ɫҲʮֲ԰ףڿҪƳ߾ʱȴȻеﴫһʹǱ˺ݺݴһȭʹ亹ֱ
ô¡
һɲǣԭϵȻѸʧˣﴦ۵ԪҲѸɢš
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲôǻɱɡǰν֣˾Ȼ֪ϴһӡ
Ǻǡʦ˵ûζܰɣ
ʱһʯϣȻһɭɭЦ̧ͷֻһӻ˹ǰֵǸס
ԭˡ
һ˲䣬ˣģǹˣǻаҲ嶾棬ӣʼնδ¶ıĻɱɣ˲ص֮ȻҲûܲ

ﴫľʹһɫøӲ԰ˣѾ޷˹Խ˹ڵʧԽ죬߾Ҳᷴ


1726 ʬħ
ǺǡҪ׷ˣʡٵʹ࣬ô
Ц˹ѾϣԽ˹ֻʧԽ졭ʱ򣬻ᱻ߾ģαأ
ܿ侲޷˹ֻʱ䣬˵ΪжνаħҲˣԭֻᰵˡ
Цһ˵ܿܣںֶΣҲգҲˣô˵ɡǰҪˡ
ȷĻ𣿡߽ɫݣֻϧѪ벻ϣסˡ
ȻȷһԼ϶
׻ǰһЦһ˲䣬ȴɱ¶˫һ°ͷϣһɾ磬ʱɽʯɡ

ѣһ˲䣬ֻеȫǣҪһ㣬ЦҲ͸һɳȣʦ˵컯޽е컯ȻˣҾȴ֮ˣһУ桭
һɲǣɽǿһѪ⣬ϳ𣬶һ̣Ҫ˺һ㣬пδ룬ʦ溣ˣȻˣڽԶȥʧ

˫ѸٲѪ˿Ȼʱȴɱɵġţ޷ס
ֻҪ컯ӴԺҾ޽еѡ֮ˣ֮Ҫʮ𣡲Ϊף
һֻ̣ͬ˫Ѫ˿Ʒһ㣬ȫħԪת˼ޣȫȻκηɡ
㡭Ҫɱ

ʱɽϷɱеĺڶϲϣҲһ亹վһԣΣҲɵýʦô£ʦ
Сӵ־̫ǿˡΪʦһΣҲʧˡ
ɱ亹û뵽Ҳ޷ȫסӣӵϣʲô
ô졭
ɫǲ԰ˣɽһۣвʦֲ˶֣һ
õġΪʦԻбİ취
˿ֻ̣ɱﺮâһȻָһҧָ⣬ѪǺڶ棬һ˲䣬ڶϢˣδܳƬ̣𶯵ԽԽҪʧһȻ顱һķˡ
ʦ
Ա߳һɱɫһף˿ָ̼һ㣬䣺סˣ

㡭Ҫɱ
ɽȵ£һɲǣͻȻ˸ˣɷڣ˫۱Ѫ죬һסˣ㡭ܣôᡭ
һ죬һ¶סĺһ˲ʩչ˳
ʦң
ֻ۾Ѹʧȥɫʣһ˲䣬ŴһѪӡȻǻɱϵһ
ϧǣһӡδܶκ˺һ˲䣬һƺܳ׵һħԪѸټȡ˹
ʦ
׼ĹȫħԪʱˮк̶ɲǼ䣬ȫ˹ȥһ߿ʬ顱һڵϣΪҽƮɢ

ɽϷֻɱɫɷף׶
ʦ֡ʦһԳɫ԰ףֻɱɱ˫ۣ¶֮ɫҡҡͷ
ʦֱ𣡡
һ±˫Ѫ죬Ҫɽȷȥɱȴһֽסˣȥˡʦһȫˣ㲻Ķ֡
ʦ֡ʦ֡
һֻ̣еһת˸˸ˣˡʦִδ

ɽȵ£ϵɷȥˣ棬Ȼ֣ʬħղһħԪĲʬħ
霵ǳ󣬵ǿߣҲ޷ֻ֮˶ȡӡֶΣһѣؽٶͿ̿Смǣмǡ
һ̣Ժ峤ϵĻ霵ܹԽʬħѾʼħԪˣǷѾʶգѾԶ𡭡
˵ղţʬħԡһõͷ
Ȼô߾ҲŪɡ
ϵĺָһȻɫһ±ʬħɷ˳Ҫߵ˲䣬ָһӡסˣ߾պó
ǽʬħô죿
ͷϽʧĺʬħѾ֮ǿ¾һƺػϣҲ޷֮ѹסˡ
֮Ѿɢֻ֮ӰԪ֮УҲѾŲסˣʬħ´ǰ취ҪôҵʦҪôҵһǿܹѹʬħĴڡ
¡¡
ʱصȻһ𵴣УֻǹȵȻѿˣڵص֮£һһâ֯һʮ֮ǿ
ǡ
ɫһѵħԪϾȻֶ𡭡ʱһϹ


1727 ħԪ
ʱһһâ֯һΧѺҲԽԽ࣬һԾɵУһⱻâˡ
ΪȷǵʲôͨʶԼԼԿصһӣһһâ
ʱɽж̧ͷ˿ֻĽƣѾԽԽˣһȫʧʱ˾ͻǰӣѵ˿˵ħԪ
ʱص춯ҲԽԽңһŲڵµӣҪؼһ㣬̲ţһɼֲ
˿̣üͷ壬˽ѵľأȨ֮ѡðһԣȥǵ£ܷȡ
˼⼰ˣԥǵѷȥԽ£Ҳţǹ
һΣûκ谭˵صһӾǰϸ֮£棬ֳһһɫǽ滹ǰ棬͸һԣħԪ
¡¡
ʱϷȻһ죬ͬʱһ𵴣ص·ʯͷѸٱܿ׹ʯ̧ͷϿȥضϱЩˣѾʼͻƽˣһЩֻº
ʱħԪǰһܹ̲ܵصֻʶҲ޷̽ħԪڲ֪澿Իһһ硱֪ħԪ棬ǷҲΪһ硣
۲һܸоЩԾһμž֮شôĶаˡ嶾桢ɱЩˣȫ֪ħԪһ£ҲΪ˶̫᲻֪
̫һֻð˸ǰž֮أѵĲ֪ž֮ط˺ѵħԪһ£һ֪
ԽԽ鲻ϳɿླħЩš̫徳ʵǿ߶֪ħԪһ£Ϊ̫̫徳ǿߣȴ֪ħԪ£ЩΣֻ⾿
һɲǣȻϣֻ̫صˣȻǱ峤̫徳ΪһҲûз
һ죬ͷѩ뿪ߵأǰһߣͱֻ̫ص˶ˡ
¡¡
ʱִһ죬عϱߵĶѾԽԽˣڲȥʱ򣬵ħԪȥ
ܿ죬ѻصɽֻΧûг·Ҫ뿪˵صĻص棬ϱлаЩţͻƳȥûκοܡ
һصˣҲֻܼƬ֮صȥŽ֮һЩƣܹ˦Щˡ
ʱĴĶѾԽԽɽϷĽƣʱпܱЩͻƣһƱͻƣЩ˳͸·ˣûʱǣֻȥ
ʱɽ棬˼䱸ɽȸĽѾҡҡ׹һʱƬ̣޷ǰа俴СӣħԪǲǱˣ
ȻħԪϢ̫ǿʹǬҲڸϢİӤ޷ȻҲ޷ħԪսԪӤ档
ħԪھҵ
ƺһɵҲûУֱӽħԪ˳һһâѾ࣬ǸеһϣħԪ
ԶƷ缸һ㶣û뵽ȻõħԪˣһԣҲţҪνħԪõ֡
СӣħԪ
ħԪ֣ˡ嶾桢а˶ѸǰȴɽȵĽ裬޷
˿ֳսţ˶ź˵ħԪǵλħһǵõǾͬõһħ֮˭˲죿
һ̣а嶾ˣڳ̫徳ǿߣƴ׼ΣҲҪħԪ
ħԪҪǾ͹á
ĿϻɨԶɱɵϣֻɱĿ䣬Եͽܳϸд˳ޣһҪΪʦֱӡ
СӣħԪҵ棿Ȱ㻹գԹԽܱһɭɭ
嶾ŵСӣҵ߾ƣ볢ĵζǾ͹ԹԽħԪ
λ˵öеħԪҪø˭أ嶾ǰǰҪɱң˻ǰǰҪɱң⡭¿ɾѰˡ
аɭɭСӣҼڴɱϻ㽫ħԪˡ
ʱ⸽Ȼִһ𵴣ɽȸĽƣּһЩѾҡҡ׹ʱ
ʶ̽̽ǺߵĽƷӡҲɶˣ취ЩˣħԪǲܽȥģ㽻ȥˣҲһȻˣֻƴһˡףҡ
˿ַֻ̣ϣ洫ıϢÿһΣֻ񶼻ᱣѲϣһΣҲ⡣
ӡλҪħԪˣȻˣǾ͡Ŀˣδ˵꣬ȻħԪһȥ


1728 
Сӡʲô
ȻħԪȥˣ
ħԪ븹Уڳ˶˳ħԪȻ˶õҲֱ븹еģǼλ̫徳ʵǿߣҲܲסħԪĿֱ븹УؽС
ɱСӣħԪȥˣ
˫ĿԲһƷһ㣬ɽȸĽƣ͵سȥȻһ֮ʱȴһޱȵ˳ȥ֪⸽Ľ֮ħԪ

ֻ˫һ²Ѫ˿ֶֻźһպȥӺǻҪӴһ
һԶȾҲˣû뵽ȻħԪ˸У
ħԪ
ɱһ˲ȥһ̧һƴ˴ƣ˶δӦʱǰָһ㳯ظץȥȻҪƶǣħԪȡ
⡭
а˼ץȥﰵҲųȥɾڻɱָظ֮ʱȴһµɴ˫ۣѪ죬ǿ²ѣһ½ץסˣɱҡ
㡭
ɱȻеһϣһɲǣڵʬħһ˲˹һɱɵħԪԴԴ

һ̣ɱɾ޷ջǱԷסһ㣬ħԪڲϱԷȡȥ
һĻԭĻаˣͣԶһѵʧϹžѧԪ񹦣
ʦ
ߣɫһ䣬ɱۿһħԪҪͻȻȫһһ˻ȥһ½סʦ
Сӡ
ɱɷףĿ¶Ȼ֮ɫ͸ղô̶Ƭ̣ٱУСľʲôֲ׻ᡭ


ʱȺ󷽺ȻһҽУֻѪɽмħֵ׼
ģ̫ˣ
⸽඼ǿླħˣʱԶֻ̫ĸֵˡ
ѩѩˣ
峤ϡ峤ϣ
ʦ
ס

ֻԶʮ˷ѩλϣԼ̫峤ϡ
Ʒʦ̫ŷ磬Ƶĸ¥¥һƮƮԼɵŮӣò˫İŮӣƹĹ˳ƹ弧Ա߻һӣĸףƽ
ħˡ
ŷ̫ɽâһնɽȣʱʯɣħֶܲһ֮£
һµĵطǻаڣǰӣֱһ˲ҷ𣬾Լæ֮Ҳδֵܵס̫͡һѪĽۣն

аŶϱ֮ĿѵԶŷ磬ɵǰѽâҫ۵̫Ҳһ
̫ŷǱƷǿһն
˿̫Ĺͣ⸽ħһֲ嶾ҲǷ֮ʱӦ˫սһ
ԶӸղſ̫ˣѾϢȥ
ʦ
ƷȥȾƹǰ뵽ʱܵίľһºۣ
š
弧˵ͷԶȥɻδϸһ֮ȥˡ
һ
ѩոոδħԪһĻʱ峤Ҳϵǰȥķ򣬼ѩȥ׷ǧħ֮죡
ţ
ѩҲϸ˼̼ɽ׷ȥǰ߽أ̫徳ǿ߶ҵģ˵ѳ뻯ҲҴ⣬˺һ׷
һǷѩǷѩ
ȻںôʼٶȲԽԽ죬ǰȥǰ棬ѾԽԽأѺ۳֣һ˫˫
һǰΣգͣ
ѩһ߱ܿƣһȻԷʼղͣҲĻ
һǷѩǰȫˣǶˣǰȫˣͣ°
ǰߵĽѾԽԽأΣգȴȻδͣٶԽԽ죬ȫǰĽˡ

ʱڣƣħԪڷڲʱѩѾ׷ʮɣʱ˲ô࣬һֽٶ࣬öԷ׷ϡ
ħԪ飬˼룬̫⣬ɿླκһˣκһ仰ţ

κǻħԪڵԽԽȫƣʶѾʼģǰһУŤ
ʱԺ棬ҲͻȻһͳֲһɷһħ졭

ʱͷʹѣƣƼ尾Ժ棬ȻֳָǴڶ¼һĻƺƷħա
һɷһȣһħȡȡһħȡ죡

ҵԺ𣬿µ䣬֮綯һĻһĻȫԺ
һһôˣͣ£ǰ治ȥˣͣ°
ѩһļѾˣ֪ôˣҲ֪ΪʲôԷҪܣǰ洫һɿµϢԲȥˣǰȥ׶༪٣

ʶѾȫʧȥˣʱǰһ£о޴ˮǰһϿȣ±һˮļĴľˣֱʮɸߡ
ˡ
ѩһϿȣȫǽƣԹȥʱֻһԾϿȥ
һҪ
ѩɫ䣬һȥȻδץסһ˲䣬ۿļĺˮˡ
һһ⸽ľȫס
ѩ
ʱһӰȴ峤ϣѩعľɫȥˡ
·ļĺ峤Ҳ˾ɫ±ȫǽƣҲ޷ȥֻ׹ȥҲʬ޴档
˺һ峤ϲŻعѩѩ߰ɣ뿪ѩһ£Ǻȥһأô죿
峤̾ҡͷֻİ취ˣ⸽˺ܶħˣ뿪˵һΡܾܿ¥Ҳˡ
¥
֣ѩɫһ㶣ɿླ̫ΪףħǾ¥


1729 
ѩ߰ɡ
峤˿תǰȥѩع·ļĺһۣԺֻһŵɷøԼ龰ԼӳȥԮ̫ǰˣΪȴ
ѩ峤ϼδиתͷһ
ˡ
ʱѩҲȥôˣڲ֪ǰΣǾ¥Ҳˣֻž֮أѾħĸˡʹмλϣ̫ƹǣҲԶԸһղҲͣ£ѵʲô

ص֮ǰɽȣֻ⸽ǽ壬Ѿɱɡˡа嶾˵Ӱˣ̫Ҳλ徳ĳ䡣
峤ϣ
ʱ峤ϻһ˵̫һλµĳǰղڴնɱ˲ħ֣Ҳ̫徳Ϊˣʵ峤ϣΣҵλСˣ
ԣ峤üҡҡͷǺ³¶ЩɻĿ˷ѩϡ
ڳҲѩ˹ȻЩߣȾȽϹϾôֻͬʵѩô׷ȥ𣿡
ѩ˫ü΢տڵ׷ȥʱаļ׷ɱһ˼±߽̫أûȥ
ô
ȾɫЩ԰ףǼ˵У˭ҲûϵεͻȻǼ˽ž֮ǰû˸ӣƺһΣ̫λǰҲʧˡ
š
³ѩԣĿ΢΢һ˵ħԪϣ¥а˶ŹǱ뾡ҵһȷİȫʹħԪħ
˴峤Ͽȥ峤Ϸֿж峤ϣ
ţ
峤ϸղڿʲô飬ûע⵽˵³Ŀ΢峤ϣôˣ
û£ղ˵ʲô
³Ͽһֵۣ˵ҷֿжμž֮ص飬ûô򵥡
ϼԼǣ£ҿȷʵ򵥡
ʱƹǰλ̫ĳϣ˵˴ħԪһ£а¥ЩˣյϢƫƫ̫һ㶼֪淢˺£Ȼھٰʲô»䣬ѡ˸ǰž֮̽죬Ȱ˸̽쵽ʱֻħԪѾа;¥Щ˰ɣ
˵ţ˶Ҳ֪⻰м˼Ǻ³Ϊϼʱȥ˵»䣬֮ڼž֮һ£̫ȷʵδڵһʱȷϢħˣȻ
ƹзѩϢҪȻҵĵˣɱ¥ĳϣ˵ȥ
һ˵ţһḧ˸ȾͷȾŴԣپһůֻϧʦΪ˱ʧһۡ
ʦ塭ʦ壡
ʱԶȻеŮѭȥֻһһ죬Ůӣ峤ǰ
˪ôˣ
Ůһź£òȥԼʮ£һɫѣòȥֻʮ߰꣬ӶϢֱ徳Ϊˡ
ԭһԽã˪ǵ峤һλʦ֮ͽǰаһս峤λʦ㲻аħѪħ֣֮Ӵ˽ö˱峤£Ϊʦ壬Щ˵峤Ͻ̵ʦͽ졣
˿ֻöɫżպȿڵյϢ¥ħͷΪʦλϣ׼
˵꣬Χƹ̫Լλһۣô̫ڣһ֮ɫȻ˵Сġ֮ˣǳ
ġ
֣ʹǳϼϣҲɫһƹڵŴǰѪɷʹħͻƣ۷Ϊλˣ֪мʤ㣿
ԣŷ˾üسڵΪʮ˵ã۷壬һʤҲûС
ϼҲ˵˴һᾡ֪ʥһϣλǰԭȼƻֿжؾҵһڼ価٣¥ˣΪأѱзʵ£мǲ

֮󣬷ѩλһ𣬻һЩ̶֣գѾħˣ˫ս֮£ˡ
峤ϴź˪ȥڼҲаˣаħˣöǺ֮ǣֺ飬ЩҲ峤ϣֻߡ
һգһֵɽ룬ħԪ죬Ѿȥգʱ棬ħˣڼѰ䡣
ʦ壬ϵλѩ˵аħˣһͬ׹˺ʦ
峤üϵʱֻзѩһˣʱڸδħµϢ
˪̧ͷü˵ʼյģҪ˴ޱȣֵ»ħ̸֣԰˾ȳĻض׶༪١ϣʥһϣܹЩҪʥһڣͲˡ
峤ϻعͷǰöˣ˵˪ҵһмǲţκ֪
šף
š
峤ϵ˵ͷΧ˿˵УħԽԽˣмǣΪأκʱ򶼲ɳǿ
ʦ壬֪
ʱһ˵ö˶ҧ촽棬¶һĨ⣬ǵʦѪħ£Ԫ񶼱ԷˣʹѾȥʱ䣬ƽö˶δʮֵ꣬껪ȴĿ˶ʦ
峤Ͽǰˣĵģгޣ֮ʱ谭һƫֻպħ԰ΣնħԨٲ
Щö˳ԽԽ飬ʵЩǣħþˣҲħ

˵˲֪ãָʶδ۾ȴ߲ɱ֮ԽԽܹоѪԼϣ͸һ˿ȡ
һһѣѣߡߣ

֪ԼںδʱģģԼ¼ȫǽƣȻʧȥʶ
ץס
һѣ
һɲǣ۾ֻǰʬƬѪɺӣУɽҷɣħˣ˿ɱһ
һ
ѩһ˲ǰ𣬼㻹𣿿ߡҵˣߣ
˭˭
һʱЩʶģѩ˵ˣߣסǧҪſκˣ̫ңȫѣλ϶ˡ
ѩδ˵꣬һѳضһŴʱڷѩĺˣûħϢ̫ˣ
߰
ѩһѪӿ˫һƣͳ˰ɾ룬һ˲ʩչ˪ѩᡱǸˣסˡ
ѩ
һŴʱԼ׷ɱˣѷֱ治壬Щаħˣ̫ˣֻ˲չɲԶȥ


1730 ħָ
ߣҪκˡҪκˣ
ʱԺ棬ʼһ𣬶ں棬Ѿ׷ӰӰһ˾峤ϣһ˿ȥƺҲ̫ĳϡ
Сѡңͣ£
ܿ죬峤Ϻһλϱ׷عͷȥһˣѾûźۣһϵó֮ǰɱѩĺˡ
ɱ˷ѩ
Сѣ˵ʲôͣ¡
峤һ׷סʹһɲǣԪޣչɲǰȥ
Сѣͣ£
׷ᣬ˿ͷʹѣԺ治һߣҪκˡ
峤ϣŲţղҿɱ˷ѩ
һ˵꣬ɲʩչ£˲ݳ룬ʱǰо޴ˮκˣȻֵǼϷ
ô¡ôֻصˡ
һ㶣ʱӰ˲Ϣ峤Ϻһ̫ĳѾ׷
СѣѾ·ˣͣ°ɡ
峤һȥʱѾʱԶȻһӰ˾ǻɱɡ
ɱɣʲô
峤Ϻһ䱸ֻɱ޷ǣҲֻҪõħԪѡ
ۼ˫ţһ̣ץס˻һҪ֮ʱ˾һͬץ̫徳ֲ˲䶯ãһɲǣҪ˵˺Ƭ
ǧһ֮ʣһָ顱һͬʱ˳ȥϢʦ

ʱ˿̣ƮȻߵˣҹѰҵʦ˭֮󣬶˾һɱǺˣ
뿪
һɱϢ͸ͬʱ˸˱˴˿˿һ˲ʧ
ʦ𣿡
һֻ̣ЩʵΧһУƻãξһʦΪλͻȻ
ܿˡ
֣ϣȫ΢΢һһ̣סǰʦʦҵˡԣԡ
ͻȻ䣬־ﲻԣʦôᣬ˿ָоôδ롭
֮ʱߺȻδߣ֪˰ɣԺ󻹸ҲҳԶˡ

ͻȻеƣ֮ǰµħԪһ̣ʶģٴʱ˫ֱŵģʦҲδ룬һֻɰɫС¹ա
ʦδ롭
ʶȫˣæɿﱧŵС¹ʱԶϪˮԭǺˮ嵽һɹڸղŷһУȫȻΡ
ֻ棬˺濴ʦδʱλǰһУǷѩɱʵһʵѪҺ¶ȣܻ

ʱﴦִһ֮УħԪδֻݴڣƺҲų
¼ʶģģƺǡľ괺ãȫת˲δǼֻ֮ǺħԪʹ֮У˹ȥ
ԵǶʱƺһֱоõħԪﲻͣͬʱԺͬǱʶξһԼԼǵãξ棬ƺһϹžѧħָ
ħָ
Ѹ̧֣ƺûʲô仯棬ǵѾˡħָѵֻħԪĻ
һָɽӣһָǳһָ𡣲ԣԡԲĻ룬ħָضʵĴڣȻɣβһΣ
ֻǰǰɽǷ̫аħˣܿ˿óȻʶ̽ȥ˷֡
ɶ֮֮ȥպ̫Ҳˣѩһ·׷ûͣ£ΪʱѾо̫ЩԾΣղŵһڣκһ˶š
£ҲܲµħˣѰ䣬Щҵɽ֮ǰȫָֻǽҪħˣߣЩӦˡ
˼⼰ˣԥɽһɽڸȥ棬һʯڷסˡ
ʱȥˣʱϣΪһ֣ԭڵɽյͨﴦƣħԪƺܹʱѹסʬħ˹ʬħѵļ
죡ħָ
һɲǣԺ֣ͬеһﴦħԪѸһɫâһɫâһɹɽɫ
Ȼ֪⾿ħұɫʱһɹɽɫȫʳָָϣʳָѨָгѨʹָͬһ㣬̽ԡ
˿̧̣Ѿָܹ̲ͬ̽ܵʳָѨָгѨһΣ
ξ֮еħָףҲסһָȻξ淢ħָ˲ǵħ֮ӰƺħԪˡ
̫ģδǵħӰʲôˣܹоǾԲֹϹħô򵥡

һ񲻶ɫָӦóȥˣָָֻһһ̽ʱʧˣֱָԭӣħָȻҲ¶
Ҫ뿪ɽȣԭž֮ǰĿѰʦҳɷʬڤ˵ټһ鷳취Ӧ̫аˡ


1731 ɱ
뿪ɽ֮󣬷ƺԤĸҪӣ̫Ϳླħ˴òɿ⼸գҲ˹ڡ¥һЩţɿླжգȻҲ֪¥̫
ֻǾ¥һµ͵̫㣬ÿһӻҪһ»䡣
ȻߴԽԽ˫ڶ޷ǶҪõϵħԪħԪ򲻿ٽȥˣ㽻ȥЩҲҪɱħԪڣؼʱ̻
ž֮أȻо򵥣ε춯ֻħԪģ׹֮£ĹѰ
Ҳ֪֮ǴӺδȴʼոһ֣˵ѹָоָо·ص˵꣬δţȴɽɽ֮£ֹɭȻĸо
һ·ǳСģڵʮʱڻٴ嶾ͻаЩˣЩһǱӣƺĶӣܹ⼸̫徳ʵħͷĶӵģ̫һˡ
û뵽ЩȥʥһΪøղߵüʱҪȻͽˡ
ĶԸҵȻǾȥҵСˣСҪȱɱҵħԪ붼ˡ
ˡ嶾桢аһЩħѸ߶źҳط̫Сˣ΢һرЩ˷֡
ղ˿ᵽġʥһӡġ֣ЩҲжţʥһ̫ʥ֮һΪʮ֮ߣǾ¥ĳϣƺͷ
ȵȣ
˼֮ʣ嶾ȻͣܣԱ߹˺ͻаһ֮ɫʵ϶֣ôˣ
С⸽
һɲǣ嶾ޱȣԱ߼ŴԣҲ䱸ʲô
Զʯ֮䣬вɵðһѾȫϢصó׵ףöԷ֣ˡ߾ƣ
һ뵽ˣ֮ǰ嶾߾˹Ʒͬһ㣬ǾңԶҲͰˣǾĻض嶾ĳָӦ
϶֣ȷ
д
嶾Ŀһ˵ţһߴȡһֻֻ治ϷϸСһ߾ơ
߾ڸСӿ϶Ҳڸǡ׼ãرˣ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡭡
˺ͻа˶̼˷ɽ˵Сӣ㲻ˣЩɣҼֻҪϵħԪҪ
⡭
ڰ߾ƶȥҲûˣᱩ¶ȷλã⼸˾̫徳صʵԼ򲻿ܶԸ˵ġ
СӣҪٲ㳢ʲôаȻһ˵ţһʶѰŸɽȡ

һɲǣ嶾ƺȷ߾Ƶλˣһʯȥ˲ڰγһɫӡ˺գһæԾ𣬡䡱һʯʱûҷ
ȻСӡа䱸û뵽ڴ˴ǵȫѹ
⼸˶ڣһ˼֮ƣһ뼸ʱ䣬˵λǰԵּˡ
аĿСӣ߲ˣԹԽħԪҼ˻һȥ𣡡
ЦһЦ˵ὫħԪ㽻ˣ⼸ҲɱڣѵųȥȻħԪѾǼ𣿻Ҳᡣ
˿̣аտյƮ˵Ű²аôûˣ
ԣаһʱ˪챻̫ͻϮܲŷ̫նۣ˳رɣǴ˿̣ȴиҪҪСӣϻħԪҪҸ㿪ƶȡ
һ߰תԪһû֣Ժͦİɣ
㣡Сӡ
а֮ɫ·˿̣˿ϲһСһʼʩϻˣϣ
ȥһ˲䣬嶾ȴȻһ죬е
ôˣ
˻ͷһֻۣСӣħԪҲҪˣϷ߾ƻ
Ŵԣ˺ͻаˣ߾ƣķٶѪ֪þٹ֣ɹģ˿ҪȽȡء
Ŷǰ˵š룬ǰ죬׽ˡ
Сӡ
嶾Ҳ̲סһ³ȥ˼߾ƣʱһЯɱ顱һһ½˳ȥ
ʲôˣ
һƽˣ˾֮ʣֻǵӰǰߣǱˣȴǻɱɡ
аɱɣҾˮˮʲô˼
ȻɱɵΪҪ֮һ㣬˿Ŀ䶢ϣɱ
Ȼ˻ãĿֻħԪҲħԪй˼ɣŪ̫󶯾ɱֶҪħԪȡԼǣͽ׵Ԫ
ħԪҲܣ˻ǣҪߡɱͳĿǺޱȣһ˵꣬ԥȻȥ
һεľ飬ٲᱻȡħԪֻһ죬ʱʮ΢ɼϸ˿һ˲㴩͸ϼѨ

ֻеȫһʹһɲǣ·˻ɱɵǣľżһãԪҲǱԷһ˲ˣ̫徳ֶʵ£οɱɵʵǵء
ʦ㣡
ʱɱɵͽܳҲˣһһâɳ˲仯һޣϣֻĿǳޣСӣԪʦ֣
Զ嶾漸˶˴˶һۣҡҡͷʾȾ䣬ɱҪΡ
ֻɱǰȥ֮ɫǰСӣ֪ɱ֣ô𣿵Ȼ֪ġ
䣬ֻһ̧ƣ͵سͷȥԲʮʱ쪣Х֮ϣƴӵֱͷƤ顣
˫ĿԲס˺ѽǰһ˲䣬ȫԪ˾תƻɱɵķӡҲ˳ĳޡ
һ˲䣬ȫʳָָָʱýҫۣԶаҲɫһ䡭ǣ
ʦСģ
УҲһ˲ɫɱɱһ̧˲һɫħԪǰ֪˿õʲô
һָʱƾ䣬ȻΨָϵһ⣬ҫ۶ĿؼΨһɫʣԭƵգһɲҲúܲа˽һǡħ
һ̣ɱƺҲڲһָѰҲѾˡ
ͣ
ֻһ˲䣬ħָ㶴ħԪһָüģʱѪɽһֱָӴͷ­ԪҲһ˲䱻ħָ𣡶ָƻɱͷ­֮ǽ漸ɽҲˣ̳
ɱɵʬӿ׹ȥԶа˶ʯһ˫ĿԲګګǳħ߸ȻȻһָɱа֮һĻɱɣ


1732 
ƬգǺܲϹħ֮ĺ˻ģʮ磬Ҳȫû뵽һָ˿ֲ֮⻹ֻĿǰָܷħָ
ʦ
ԭһ£漴һ˲ɹȥӰнסʦ׹ʬɱɶͷһָڲðѪ
ʦʦҲŹ㣡󣬳ݺݵһۣŻɱɵʬԶˡ
ԶڻعղһָǾǡʱ˾˳ħָħָǴ˵ħָ
ħָ
аҲסˣ˵֮Уλħľ֮һСӣСӾͨħԪħָ
˽һ׹˱̶һ㣬ֻеⲻϴӱϮղһָɱѽصΪȴһ˲䣬ͱɱˡ
ΣλڣҪϵħԪ𣿡
ָһָ̽ԣڳˣʵղһָѾ˲ԪʹǿڶָҲһָˡ
а˱˴˶һۣһ̣ˣǵСӣֻǼɵԷϵħָȻԷû̫徳Ϊħָȴȫܹɱһص̫徳֡
СӣղһָѾ㲻ԪڶָǷ˰ɡ˫΢УȻ̽
ǰԡ
δ䣬Ȼһָ˶ߵȥ顱һһָӹȥʱһôˡ
˾бܿʱֻģһָδ𣬿ȴǰ޲һСӡ
Ȼһָħָһԣа嶾ԸΪɵˣСħָǺãȫħָɱɶɥָˣǾƲҴ⡣
аħָΣ໹ʹһָѲһָ˲ͬʱɱˣ
ǾҪ˵У˭ˡ
ָ̧ǰĿ·һ㣬ɨˣЩ˿ȥʱĿɨЩħֶʱеһͷƤ飬æԶȥ
Ȼа˶ǳܹһָȡ߻ɱɵǵУ˭Ҳûбµסһָ˭Ըȥȫˣ
һ߻ָһ˼֮ƣ뾡뿪ֵ׷鷳
ղŻаԣħָȡ˵κһ˵޷ȫɱ
ʱԶһǿϢ͸ƺǸղħָ̫ˣϲܲ˸ĳ֮ˡ
ϢķȥֻƲ㷭ӿʥһˣ˵꣬תʩչɲˡ
а˸մʥһֵӹһ٣ʱʥһ֣һʶعͷȥȴκӰʶмˣٻعͷʱѲӰ
Сˣ׷
嶾߾ƣˣĶ߶ȥ׷ħԪѾϣˣֻܹ߾ջ
ȵȣ
һ죬Ϣķ򣬼˲Ϣ䣬ǵϢѽǰͬʱһġ
µ˲䣬һӰߣһۣ棬һϢվԭزҶһ˲ŷӦæμĴˣ
š
Ǿ¥ĳϣʱ۷Ϣûа˶ҲҶһ¡
ղŴ˴¡Ŀŵһ̯Ѫ˷Ӧ㽫ղһʵ˵ˡ
Ŷ
꣬ȴδ¶ʲôɫתˣĿ𽥱罣һ˵ڴħԪˣ
ҡң
˻һ¥ĴȱȽǣģΨܸһ̶ĸоԴ˵Ƕ׹һ䡣
ڴ֮ǰȻõħԪȻɱ㲻֪ЩˣȫԼˣҲЩ˻˵ȥ
˿Ŀɨˡ
ԣ˲˿̧ͷǰλɲĴССӸղˣĴˣô죿
û˵ֻȥķȥҪ˼һܣҲָܲɽ

ҹ֮ɣҹ˸·ʱȴδͣ£ܵǵϢʥһӣҲ۷ˣӦǾ¥ġ
ĿǰΪħָֻô˲ɵ䲻ҹڿûܴУΣˣհһָɱɱɣǴ˶Էһֲ
ħָܴδζ׼УĿǰͨ쳹صı죬ʱյģֻ֮ʱܵʩչΪħԪڡ
ڣԼȥԸһ۷ǿߣ۷壬Щص̫徳ߣȫһġ
Ҫģ¥̫Ψˣܳû룬̫˴ž֮ص棬ֻǸʥһӣܹԸģ峤ϣҲǴ˶֣Ӧ⸽㿴֮ˡ


1733 
֮һָɱɱ֮£Ѵž֮أؼ˶֪ħָһ£ڸط̫;¥ҲԽԽһɱһҲѰڡ
ѩգпħ˵ټ
һ䣬һбңʱһһѣλϣԼ̫һЩ֣зѩڡ
ʱ̫;¥˫أླ֮Ů˴չֳʵʵ˳Ծһ·ϣɱħңмħĳϣĽ¡
ǰЩһָɱаħɱɵ飬Ȼ˸е𾪣ɱɽصΪһĶ۷嶼Ķ֣һ󱲵ħָ
ѩôˣԣλϼѩǰʲô¡
ž
ﴫһıѩʱعҡҡͷҹʱħ̵ˣѾȫˡ
ԣλϸϸ˼¥ħ֮˼аթͻȻʧȥ²ʲôط֮ɴġ
һλ˵ѩҵһ֮ǰмǲɴ⣬Щħ̫λȥԸǡ
֮⣬ȻҵΪЩħ̵ˣ˷Ѿɱˡ
ѩžһһľ֦۶ϣ˻ѣǻʹ·ֿһһŵɷ𽻸ʱ龰
ϼڵʱѳǱħ̵׷ɱ¼ΪҪ˵ȻҲоЩ̫򵥡

ֹգʱڼž֮رһɽʬǽ壬Ӭҷɣɢһɶ˪öűӣü΢͸һ飬ϵʬ壬ȫħˣѾмˣ֪Ǳնɱڴˣôࡣ
㣬˵ʥһʦȥϲ飬ʦڱǲʦǰ﷢ʲô⸽ôˣȥʦɱ
šҲ̫Ȼʦ⸽飬ȻټСһЩ¥˶ȻҲ⸽˶ڣǾҪˡ
ڽö˵֮ʣɽһߣȻж˪ɫһǱȥֻеӹ˵㣬ǹȥ˵꣬չǱ߷ȥˡ
˪
΢΢һǰ洫Ϣղ˵Ҫ¥ϣôתۣ˪ͰĻԷˣʱҲ˲ôˣ˪£׷ȥ
㣬㿴
ꡭ˪˵
һСģʱȥ˪ϵϢö˲һɽµĲݴʶС̽ȥֻɽ棬ʮ¥׷һˣī°׷

꣡
ƣüͷһ壬û뵽Ҫҵˣʦ⸽ѰȻеġ
ھʹѶʦ塣˪̴ȡ˴Ѷ㣬Աߺȴһ½ְסˣȵȣ
㣬ôˣ
˪ʵ·׷ɱ֮ǰʦ˵ҵټмǲ˷Ѷȥ֪ѶᱻأǱ¶λá

֮˪һ·ӦˣԼô˴Ĵأʵô죿
ӰԶȥ˵ĸȥȻ취ӽʱݣٰнʦκ˷֡
ţ˪˵ͷö˲ԥչȥ

ɽ棬¥ʮ׷ᣬЩΪ˵߲ߣ˵ͲͣԸǾħָЩϣȺҲҪƵģһ·׷ãȻҲó׶ħָ
գһڣͣʮҲƽһ¶֮ɫȻЩҲЩݽɫ򲻸׷ˡ
λǰһ㽫ڴ˵ء
ԽԽʮˣָһָнâ͸ƽһ顣
ʮȴδ˺󣬷һЦֻɱһˣȴҪˣ⸽
ĿǰΪȷʵϢһ˲ɱЩˣһ˲ɱЩˣһƱؾˣⲢ뿴ġ
ʮԽԽʹɱһˣҲ嵽ˣ̫徳ʵ
Ϊ׵СѻǽħԪɣֻҪħԪҵȾΪСѣȷ̫֮ˣôԺǻѡ
䵭֮䣬͸̹ƺλδ̹ϣϲǡҲǾ¥ˡ
Ŷ
һɲǣȻһɱڰ˪ͺһЩ˵Ŵ磬ħˣϢҲЩħ֮˲еģɾȻǾ¥ˣ
ȻСִˣǾͱϷûˡ
ڣɱ¶ʮӰһ˲һɲǣһɫһЩ
ʲôˣ
ͣĿһɨֻһһӰѾȻ˪ͺˡ
˿ˣ̫ˣŶʮӰ˪ȥһ˪뿪סЩˡ
ǽ㣬ǡ
صģʦķ׭
š
ԣ˪ԥȥȻδ˵һȥ˪չ׷ȥʮҲ׷ȥȴһɫ׭зɳ˲ɵӡʮ
ͣ¡峤ģ
˪׷˼·ȴδͣ£ֻ֮ﵽ˽ƣɲ˦Էˡ
ͣ¡
ڣ˪׷ȥҲͣһۣҲ˭ģҲ˭뿪ĳ顭
㡭
ӣ˪һ漴˵㲻Ҫᣬ峤ģںΣգһþ¥ҵ֮˵߰ɣ
Цһߣȥ̫ôʱֻһΣհɡ
㡭
˪һ£֪ΪҪô˵仰ʲô˼峤ϣһֱҪ㰡
俴κˣǰʱֻ̫صˣ벻ֻ̫صˣҲҵˣû뵽ǣֻ̫صһģһ۵ˣȻ֪Ǻ˭ȷ̫ˡ
ڵĴΣգ¥ˣǡ߰ɣʦᱣģͷ˵
˪ʱԶȻһǿϢʱ⸽ƷӿȻߣصΪ


1734 ʥһ
ˡ
˪ʱһǰ䣬˵ˣΪߣʦҲĶ֣ҸطȣȻʥһϹ򲻹ʥһϡ
߿
һ˦֣ˣôĶ֪ǾԶһ㣡˵꣬һչɲԶˡ

˪һ㶣ԶȥǹϢѾԽԽһ׷ϣ˭ҲӲˣ۷ΪģʦȫʢʱڣҲ߲ʮС
һ·չɲܿΧĽƣգ׷ˡ
ĵΪĿǰܶԿʱǺ֮£Ŀ⣬ɭƥħԪóܱ
óȷܴ𡭡
˵ţڻ֮ʱԶһϢɫ䣬̫ĶλȻˣɡ
ԣ˿̲ڰ˪΢΢һȻԱߺȴһ°סļҡҡͷǶΪеֻͣҪסˣͲ˲˿˵Ȼָǣˡ
ȻֻԶӰһźɫۣ峤һĳϼϣһˣī೤ۣ׷٣ϲϣǸӡ
ǡʥһϡ
˪һס˺ЩʥһϼҲϵóа;¥һսʥһϿնɱ˲ħ֣ΪȻɲˡ
ʥһӣּˡ
ʥһ߳Ȼɫ䣬ǰ⻪̫꣬ʥ֮һʥһӣȻģȥ峤Ϻͳϼ϶Ҫᣬʵϱֺ䣬ڶ֮ϡ
ϼϣ뿪ˡ
ʥһӿǰģеġȻָ˿ˣλֶԾ¾Ͳˡ˵꣬һԶȥ
ȵȣ
ϼһ˿ԥ׷ȥ̫徳صΪԶ˪ͺ֮ϣҪ׷˵׾٣֮ĶɣԽ֮ԽǲҴ⣬˻˴Լʱ䣬׷
ͣ£
ϼһչһ½㵽ʲôֲẦ㣡
ÿ
䣬ԣָһââ¶̸һϢ֮Уϼϼħָһ㶣ʶԶһЩ˵⵱ǲЩʲô᣿ҵȶ޶⡭
˵һ飬ÿ
ĿħָȻԶԸĺʥһǿߣǶһû֮߶ԣǾʮִвģ˳ϼϲóȻǰ
˵
ϼ˵ʲôʱȴѲԣָԪһָۣȻһ³ȥʱøƷӿʧɫ
ϼɫһ䣬æܿ顱һһָǰһƵɽ壬ֱӴˣʱӿ
ϼϰһѾһ亹ħָ𣿾˿£ӸղһָԷֻʹѾ
ʱһӰȻһ˳ϼߣɫǸղŵʥһϣȻ¥ĶѾˡ
ʥһϡϼһ£ʶʥһķ˿ʵˡ
ҵīʱˡ
ԣϼ˿īټʥһϵľѧмܽ⣬һīͬԪڣᱻīһһپֻʹȥ
˿̣ʥһǰĿϣһͫףûµҹ䣬˿͸ֻ𣿡
ϼΧ˿ҡͷûˡʥһϣΣЩᡭ
ôܿͲˡ
ʥһǰµ˲䣬һ̧ϼһ˫أǱסվ϶ʱ˾֣ʥһϣ㡭ʲô
˵꣬ʥһ֮кȻܳһɫ棬һ½ȫֻī棬ϴϼϵĲҽУʥһϣգʥһӵīټ֮£ΪҽԪδ¡
һĻȴĺ˪˿˪ŵɫһЩţͬʱڲŶ˵Ϣ
峤ϸķ׭¶˽ϢصҲѾʥһϲˡ


1735 ͻ
Ŀʥһɱϼϣһ̣Ѿܽеȫˣǰҹֻ̫صһǸˣǰʥһӡ
һ֮ǰֻ̫صҹǱԼͷѩ뿪ͱֻ̫ص׷ٵˣ£˵ͨˡ
ֻû뵽ǣǰʥһӣȻ̫ʥ֮һ
ʱʥһһ˹֪Ǵ˵Ķ֣ܹ˾¥ģ˿سڵΪʱϣɱֵ£˵һΣ飬Ǹڱˡ
Ŷ
ʥһһ˵еϢһ̫Ͳ֪ħԪһ£ħԪͻ˳¥ʱ򣬸ֻҪӾ¥ħԪһֻ֪ħԪ˾¥ȥδȴ֪֪ʥһ
ܴҲܽϧô˵ط
ʥһһ˹ղŵһУ˵öû֮ǰ²ģҲûд
ʥһӴֻ̫죬Ϣһ̫Ͳ֪ž֮澿ʲôͨİţֻɳ󱲽̽졣
󱲣Ȼ츳˵ٮٮߣܶù¥Щˣ޷ѡ
գħԪ˳¥һȫʥһӵƿˡ
һε»䣬ҲĲֻû뵽ǣĳ֣ȫ̼ƻû뵽а취÷ѩӳѶû뵽ħԪջħ˫
ҪħԪ̫֮ǰõ֣һΣòԳˡ
ôڣͽħԪɡ
ʥһԽԽˣ񲻶˼֮ƣȻħԪʥһӸղɱ˳ϼϣҲɱڡ
涼ͱڣԨףżǿĽƣ·ӣ׹ȥ¾ûϴôˡ
ħԪ
Ȼ䣬ʥһĿЩˣҲͻȻ˸ˣ޵еֻ׹⡣
ҪħԪǾðɡ
һ˵꣬ȻһԾҪԨȥȫǽƣΪԽ֮ˣҪܵĽԽأֻܶһˡ
ƺЩ͹ʥһӵֶˣһ˲䣬ʥһһ죬Ԫһɿ磬Ӳ˻
⡭
ʱһ˲䣬ʥһѳϮһʱãһ˲䣬ԶȻһһǿʥһ赲һ¡
峤ϡ
һͻȻ䵽ǰˣȻ峤ϣ峤ϵΪȻԵʥһӡ
塭
ʥһӿŴʱǰ峤ϣ΢ƺҲһЩ⣬漴Ȼ˵ôղŵһУ峤϶ˡ
һ̣峤ֻеʹʣֿ˿ʥһӽǶīҽ絶ɱ˳ϼϣΪʲô
ʦ壡
ʱһֱڰĺ˪̲סˣ峤һ˪Ҫ
һ±ý˪ֻվԭزˣʥһǿ˿ֻعͷ峤ϣǵȥϱߣȴƫҪڱߣҸ·ԼҪ
ʥһϡ
˪ĿɿڴǶţħʥһϣ񾹱ñħ¡
ΪʲôʥһϣһУΪʲô
峤Ͻָ絶ʣȻڴ֮ǰҲɣԲûȥϱߣ˿޷ţһоȻģڸղţʥһϾȻɱ˶Ĺĳϼϡ
Ϊʲô
ʥһ˹壬ѵ֪һУΪ̫ĽΪླĽôһˣӴǧҲսҡ
סڣ
峤ָ۽Ѫ˿Ϊģֻһˣڸղţɱ˳ϼϣ֪ϼ羴ˣһֱô
ʥһĮȻƺڳϼϵһҲûУֻܹԼ羴ֺγһ컯
㡭
峤˫ĿԲԶҲ޷ţǸˣΪΪħˡ񾹱¡
Ҳա
ʥһһ䣬һ±ȻǶˣǾ͡ȫ°ɡһ˵֮꣬ϣȻɫīҲīȼֻ۾ҲīӰӡ
㡭
ʥһӴʱͫīӰ峤ƺô£ʥһӼԦסīΪīģħ
ʦ塭ߣ
ʱȻֽͼסʥһӣȡʱ峤ϴ뿪ϧĹ֮ʵࡣ
ֻʥһһ̧һīɳ˲ϣֻһҽ𣬼һ˲䣬㱻īΪ˻ҽԪҲˣֻʣǰѽѵһ˵ϡ

峤˫ĿԲ˪ԭأֱǰѽڵҲˣŻعһ³ȥ㣡
ʥһָһڵϵǰѽݡһɹȥһ½ضһѪձһǽƵ¡
˪峤Ŀѣ䴵ɽȣ죬ؼı
ɱǡ
ɱǡ
ʥһһ߹ӦҵĻȥϱߣһУͶᷢڣ˪ˣҲˣΪˣǸ޹ϵôңһУֵô塭
㲻׵ġ
峤ϿŭʧҲƽһֻ̣˫һ̧ȫΧʱϣҲһ⡭ϵϢֱ֮
ǰһղһУ峤ϣΪ˾
Ҳգνˡ
ʥһ񵭵һ˵꣬һ죬ȫīϯһ㣬Ȼ峤Ϲȥ
Ȱ
峤˫һϣޣ϶ʱâʢȻˣҲֵסʥһӵġīټգһīͻǰĽ磬͡һؿϣʱ˴󵹷˳ȥ
ǰ
һ˲ǰţ峤ɫɷףۡһѪӿһѪǺɫģŴҲȼһīȻʥһӵīټ

峤Ŭ֧壬ȴֻţʥһһһ̣Ժֳ˵ʦģֳ˳ϼϵģֳˣ˪
ˣ塣
ʥһĮȻһ˵꣬һ̧īϮҪ峤ϻΪҽʱȫָʱâҫۣһָħָʥһӴȥ
ħָһƾ䣬ʧɫȻʥһ̤س֮ҲӲһָɾͷһܵ˲䣬ǱܿһħָȴûϵһӰܳһ

ʥһӼæסһӰȴ嶾߾ƣô˻ᣬһ·峤ϣʩչ˲ǬɲʧӰ


1736 ī
У峤ϣһ·֮صҳһεɽɽ棬ʱɼؿڵī
ǰ
£漴˹ԽīƳ⣬īʥһӵľѧܹģ
ֱҹ֮ʱ峤һѪӿɫǲ԰ײѣؿڵīûκμļ
ǰס
峤ȴһְסЩصСѡС˹⡭ʥһӵˡ
¡
ֹע峤ѽЯĴѶȥ⴫ѶһѶᱻأѾ֪̫ﻹк˿ˡ
ǰãһһЩҽʹ޷īҲʱѹơ
һ˵ţһֽȣ峤ȴҡҡͷûõġʥһӵīģ޽⡭Сѣҵʱܲˣ˵
ǰϵӣһֻ̣пɬѣǰǾңҲ˵ī𡭡

峤ҡҡͷصֻΪСѡħԪʥһӵླͿ̿
ǰ
һ̣ˣʵҲͿʼ˰ɡʥһԣҪȥ£һֻԼǡ
޷Ӳܣʹ֪ȥᶪҲ޷Ӳǵ磬Ҫһˣֻˡ̫٣̫ˡ
һѬģ಻磬ܶ˶ᱻŤ̵ǣʥһˣܹźۼڸʵȻǰļ棬˽Ը߾ģӴӭһ˵̫ƽ
¡¡
ϣ峤ץ֣ɫ԰׵Сѿ֪ϣһصΡħԪħԪʥһ
¶Ȼ֮ɫǰģұҲõħԪ
šš
һ˵峤˵ͷϢȥŵعšױضѡСѲͬţῴ˫ۣû
ǰǰ
Ϣǰ̽̽кֻιȥˣ¡¡ʱ꽥濴˿ﻹ㲻ðȫҪҸӰȫĵط취峤ѹסī
˼⼰ˣԥ̽峤ϱȥˣ꼱Уײֱֹ峿ҵһɽȣ죬¶Գɣһ֮ء
峤УС£ڸѰһЩɲҩѹؿڵī֮ˡ
˿ڴīʴ֮ʮֲֹۣһʴģ٣ʱҲ޾ȡ
Ǵ˿溡ҽʥҩʥλڵĻа취ֹīθӣڣֻܽ߾ȫˡ
īģٲֹԪһ
һʱ滨ҩƳҩЧãī֮ӣ峤ϵɫҲԽԽˡ
ڶʱԡ֮峤ʩ룬ؼҶСθҲܽӹŹȻҽǸ߳࣬ȴƫƫ޷κī
ʱַԱˣ峤ϵȴԽԽīѾһѾںڣҲȫںڵīӺۼǳŲסˡ
üͷ壬ѵֻҵʦܾ峤ʦ۶ʬħѹܻī𣬿ʦֻ峤ϣŲסˡ
ȡȿȡ
ǰ
ֻ峤ϻ۾ȳѪȫ˱īʴĺɫŶ̶գȥȴ·꣬ȧ͹˫հݣһҲȥ޷һǸɷǵ峤һ
ǰסа취ֻҪҵһˣܾǰ
ȡȿȣСѣл˵
ǰ˵
˹ȥǰ峤ϻһ룬Ҳ霵ȫȻ޽⣬ˣӡպպСмǡҪ㡭
ǰģҶᡭʬħΡ
šš峤ϻ˵ͷʱʮˣ˵ãһ顭
ǰ㡭
ã
峤ɫȻһ±ûƬ̣ȥȥһֱΪЩñ飬ѲΪκˣԭˡ
ãá
峤ϼã˵ͷһ˲䣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣٵϼѨһˡ
ǰʲô
ɫ΢΢һ䣬峤ϣһȼԼԪˣһһâɽҲʱ
ֻʱղ࣬Ϲ߳ɡգ㾡Сˡһ˵ֻ꣬˫ԪһϣԪ֮ĹԴԴڶȥ
ǰǰ
˫ĿԲȴ޷̫徳峤ϵСѿʱСڳˣԳܣصĹ
ǰҪ
޷峤ǰȥЩһֱΪԴ˲֮󣬱̫ΪѲΪκ˵ԭˡ
˿̣峤̫徳۷Ĺһ㣬ԴԴھ峤ϵ壬ȴڲϱ䵭ԪҲʣ޼
һ;ħ֣Ķħħ˶춷ħʥһϣվΪħ󣬸ΪħԦ׹ħСѣҪס
ǰǰ
ۣ֮С֮ҲҪӡסʬħɴ˿ɼСѱʤħնһΪ
˵һ䣬峤ϱھɴϣһɲǣܶˣֵһ˲䣬峤ˣȴѾɢؼ䡭
磬ɣϣΣΨƴҳɡ
峤ϡ
ãȻؿ֮䣬ʱһɳȵϢӵӿһȫǵͨ죬һɣ̫徳Ϊ

ȻеһϣȻ壬ʦԾɳͻ̫徳ΪʹӦ
¡¡
ʱϺȻ󣬿缱ֻеѪ嶥һʱͷĿѣֹɽȥ
¡
ϣ겻Ъ˼ҲԽԽҡΪʦ˵²Ϊף峤ϵȡ壿Щ꣬Ѿɱ̫ˡ

һ̣ͷʹѣ˫ͷԺ棬ϸֳ˹ȥЩ꣬һĻĻǸجΣ棬˫մѪЩ꣬ɱ̫ˡ
¡

˫ͷһģ·ӣ˳ɽ£ȥһ̣ԺﲻϸյһĻһĻ
ϣЩˡ
һ
ǡ

һҲŹ㣡

㣬롭

ݺһ벻ȴ³Թ˭Թ˭

ѾˡϣЩˣδã


˫ͷ̶ԽԽҲԽԽգ˹ȥ


1737 ҹ꺮
ԽԽѾ˹ȥʶȴǽĳֿľ磬ǰ£Ŀ֮䣬ͨ͸ףһ˿ңָоδй
ǸСɽ壬Ǹ˴ܵ꣬Ҳڴǰ氢֯Ⱦꡣ
嵽ƽ壬ٴƽ嵽Ż䣬ֶ٣֮󡭡ɹº
һԼ
ҡ
ˮ棬ߵˮ棬羵ԿˮеĵӰ꣬Ҳ˱֮
ҪǧΪҪѡ񣿡һˮеӰﴫ֪Ǻ˵Ҳ·Լ
˵ǾҪǧ˵Ը⣬һǧ˵
ǸҲٴ𣺡к壿Ǻܶˣɱ˶ᱦֶΣҲΪһΪϧǵΪеˣǿȡԪӤ컯
˵˵ЩˣΪ޶ûԭΪǿһǿʳ磬ǿʳĸָ֣ľûԵҰޣҿֻδ̻Ұޡ
Ǹٴ𣺡ƫƫˣΪеˣȴѾȥ
˵ÿ˶ữ磬ܶˣѾŤˣΪ񼫣ǿҲֻȻ£ᱻܣᱻ˵ʥˣԵɥʧҲԵ˽̰ǣʴһС
˵ıԣԱ񡣡һ
˵峤֪ʥһӵĶ֣Ȼû˺һЩ飬֪ͦЩΪĻ쵰ͻһֱң⡭ĳЩѾŤ޴ǻá
Ҳ沨ҵ·ҪߣȻ·ûн
ЩһҪЩˣﲻ
ʥһӣǰߡ
ǶˣһգҲȥ㣬һ

ͣˣҹˣһϣ۾һ£ӳ·δ˳γ
峤ϡ
̧ƣʱڣһ̫徳ΪʱȴֻеһԵİˣ峤ϵġġ
ʥһӣһġһ죬ܳ
̶վңԶʹںҹһҲʮ뵤ﴦһɻ֮УͻȻӵе̫徳ΪеʮֲӦ
ʶˣʹڰ⣬͸֮صĲƣҲҲΪ˷֣һɽߣмֻ̫صˣѰټһв̫ˣҲѰټ
ϼѾˣ峤Ҳˡûκˣܹ֤ģҲûκˣָʥһЩС
ʥһһɱڣҲһ뾡һа취ħԪԵģѾµˣûܹ֤ס
¡¡ҹȻ죬·ԤʾţҪ顣

֮󣬹Ȼϣʥһ˵ɱ峤ϺͳϼϣˣûκȥʥһӵĻҲûκһˣȥ͡¥аˣҲླħǶŹˡ
Ϊۿħָɱ˻ɱɣԲ˻ɣɱ峤ϺͳϼϣǶԷûκηʱ
˿Уӯħͷ̳˾¥аЩħˣ˿ʷҪ峤Ϻͳϼ
£Ҳʥһڸˡ
һжСģླҪɱȴʧɱ̫κһˣ׹ʥһӸµ壬Ҳ޷ˡ
Ȼ̳峤̫徳ΪླԣΪȥ硭ģһ峤ϱһǰ¶ʥһӵα档
Щ飬ȥЩΪĻ쵰ͻһֱң⡣
¡¡
𣬸ղһ磬ɵĵط쳹أ춼ʥһЩ
֪ླѾκˣأһ˳»䣬ٽž֮أԤıһȻʥһֵЩɿһ׵ףʮĴˣҲܹһС
ҹ޹⣬Ŵ꣬ڸϢʱ̫ռ֮صĳɽл⴫ʯӳżӰһˣǷѩ˷ѩȾƷˣԼɵĳϡ
ɱ峤ϡ
ȾЩţȻʼգ㲻˽⣬Ҳ޷ţɱ峤ϡ
ˣĬȻ·ѾʵѩһԣǻĻ棬ޱ顣
Щ棬ΨǺһͬž֮صģ˱ֻ̫ص׷ɱȻദʱղ澭ȴ٣󣬵Ҳʱ
¡¡ҲԽԽ紵ɽ棬ǻҷɡ
һһλϲ̾Ὺڵɽϣ˵ʱвٶԡԪ󷨡˻ɱɰУ峤ϺͳϼϵһҲ
˴㲻ټ˵ȥˣһɫ˵ΪٸߣһΣҲѣ

һ̾Ϣ촫ǴϧѩһԣɳĬһλȥѩôˣ
ûʲô
ʱɽ棬Ϣ񣬹Ȼླ棬˶ɱ峤ϺͳϼϣˣҪˡ
а£ɾҪرˣʱ˶Ҫȥѩôˣ
ûʲôȥ濴¥ҹ͵Ϯ
ѩҡҡͷȥˣʱֻһ˾ں棬Ʒ缸˶ȻҲóѽʵģǷѩɡ
ԽԽѩɽ˳֪Ӧ뿪ˣɾתȥһɲǣȴ÷ѩϢ
ʲôˣ
ѩľԣһЩϣܿ죬׷ȥںɽλ洫ĶҲ˳ѩʲôˣ
ˡ
׷

ҹ꼱Уһ·ǰȥ̫徳ʵ֮أٶȣѩ֮뻯ֻ׷
һʵɽϣͣˣ϶ʪ͸ˣˮ˳ŷѩջ䣬һŴʱԼӰȻ㣬һ


1738 
ҡתб꣬ʱû뵽ȴǴ˾

һĽХڷѩĽϣָ䣺峤ϣɱ
˵ǣôɫƽ˵
㵽ʲôˡ
ѩָԽԽڽ֮ϣΧһ㺮˵ʥһɱ峤Ϻͳϼϣ
һɺԣ
ѩһͦһȥΧˮȴһǰѳָסˡ
㡭
۷ѩ˹ѽԷǱգҲͽֽסĽ˫Ϊ࣬
һһ˵ླ㣬˿šҹ˵ҲգҲգ֮´ΣҪɱңҲ顣
һ˵꣬һ˻ȥѩһˣվȻعʱǰֻɣӰˡ
ѩ
ʱλϲ׷˾ؿΧּѩվԭګګʵѩոտħ̵ڸ
ѩعʧĵط˵һ·׷˴ӰǾ¥ˣλϣСһЩ
λʮ־裬һ˵¥ˣƶˣ֪ڴʲô⣬Ҳա⼸ɵ˻ˣ뿪˴ɿ֮Ѿȥ£ɹر֮ҲˣǱڴ֮ǰص档

֮֮ǰĵط룬ʥһѾ˲ڸѰʥһֵµЩˣֻ̫صˣ˫Ǵĳֹʶһ޲þ߽ҳ
磬һɽʱڻ˷ˣֻɽĵӰۣһϢֻ̫صˣˣ뷢ףȥΪӦʥһֵµˡ
ʥһԲĻﾭ
ֻ̫ص˻̫һϱ㲻¶ɱһڳˣ
ŶǰˣλѾڴ˵Ⱥĳˡ
ߵȻԼˣҲҵȥѰˣڣȥʥ쳤ϡ
ʱֻ̫صǰһɭɭˣҪȥ
ԣ̫˫һ˵Ȳ˵ãȴȥʥһϣʱԻٽô
б䣬ô
ǡ
ߵˣѽһȫ˶ԷΪˣô
ܿͺá
ֻ̫صȴһ˲ԭʧˣһ˲ٳʱһǰһ죬֨һֱһĳ顱һԪҲ˲
һ˼״ȻӦ̫徳һ˲䣬ҪӶݶߣϧһһ£һӡ顱һֱӽ
㡭㡭
̫û뵽Ӿ̫徳صΪһ˲䣬˷ӦԼɽɻûüһ˲ǰס˵ĺ

أź˵̫徳صֻҪЩ˲
һ㣬㡭ɱ峤ϡ񡭡ɱǡླ
˶϶˵ţǾֲʤҸ¾
㣬㡭
ŵĵѣ˵ˣŶ˵峤Ǻˣ˵ԸĹҲǣһǧֶԸ˵ķ
ʱ˲ŵ˫ȷģҪɱǣҪɱǡ
ɱǣҲᡣ
俴ŶˣȥʥһӣһΣǴˡ׼ãһָĺԼѪأȻھȥһ˵꣬˳ȥ
Ƕ֣ӵϲֻҪȥ֮ʱȴͻȻסǣȵȡ
˶ʱ׹ѣתȥɫɷףҲҶһ£㣬㻹ʲô¡
Ŷ˽һĶǶˡ
˻һʶͷ˿ǵڵϵģȴ˵ĴѶ㣬רԴѶʥһϵ㡣

ˣص
˻һڣұ˲Ŷȥһöȴ˿ﴫ̫صҪɱǣֱ練ƣûﴫˡ
˹ȥһץ洫ȥһʥһϣɻá
һ棬Ȼʥһһ
㲻üңһ㣬һ죬ܿ졣
Ǻǡ֮ΪΪҶԿˣ
ڣԿʼţԼΪʱˡ
ǺǣҲ˵ͬĻȥظʣжˡ
㲻ȵ̫á
һ仰˵꣬һȷ˳ȥǶŵûɢʱҲ˲ʥһӴѶæչȥ
ʱڼԶ֮Ľ֮رԵʥһ㣬ޱȣ顱һ÷顣
ʥһϡȥãȥã
ʱ̫˹Ҫ֮ȥ˵ʥһϣɹر֮գѾûˣڽȥ̫Σˡ
ʥһϣʥһϣ
ʱԶм̫˼ҴҷǼɫɷ׵ӣ̫ʲô£ʥһһݣʵ»ţ˵
ʥһϣˡһ˲ոյϢ¥¥ͻȻ


1739 ɹر
¥
ʥһĿһ¥ʱĿȻ򵥣̫Ҫ֮ڣһ䣬䡣
ʥһϣΪأҪȻȻȥţ±Ҳܲ
Ա߼̫ĳɫɷף㷲ǰһӣΥ档
һΣ̫ʧ˳ϼλ̫徳ĳϣν¥ֽѩϼ˪仯ֻ̫Ҫ֧ˡ
һ˽ŵ쳤Ϻ³ʱ޷ʥһϣֻȥˡ
Ҳա
գʥһӲò˿һۣغô˴Σ׽סˣ
ǡǣ

˵֮棬ŻƣһȴͻȻܲΧɽ壬Ҳʼ䱸ǰЩЩ˵ɹر֮Ѿûˣڽɹر֮ǰȥ
һ˴ɹرգʱƱˮûδ뿪֮ˣ棬뿪
֮棬δ̽쵽ǹͳѰҲûҵɷʬڤ˺ʦټ뿪ˡ
¡¡
𵴳Ƭ̣ͣˣʱӦԶм˿峤ϵһΪʶü񣬼ʹǼ˽ϢصҲʶ
Ǽˣɲɣȴǹˡ嶾桢аˣһˣϢ˺档
ա
˵ķȥ䵭ֻ˳˸ʮСˣԷǿµħָڻһ̫徳صΪֱȵ˵˿еĹˡ
ٺ٣ϲСѣ񹦴ɣ컯
˵һԲӣ嶾ͻаȥ࣬ʱ׿ڸղһУԶȴʶ̽
ֻЦٺ˹СѸղڴɱˣ֪̫ˣǱʲôˡ
˴˫۾Сȥ䵭ص¿֪Ҳû֪
ԣæҡֵСǧҪᣬ˾ȥ˵˵ֻٺ٣˶˵Сɱ̫峤ϺͳϼϣСǰٴĪ簡
أ
ɨһۣʱΪټħָټɵˣϼ޻ضڴʲô⣬±Ҳ鷳ˡ
Цν˵ĵˣѣСѴ˷ȥʥһӣ棬˶ʥһӵĻСѣСѾȥҲǹҿ硭
ʲô
߽Ҳһ±úæһˣҡЦٺ٣СѽȣС϶ɲٴСϵκˣҲᣬҵ˼ǣҲɱ˻ɱɣ磬а𡭡Σ
嶾ŵСѵʵݺаܵУС𣬺˸ҳа֮𣿡
ǰȫ˸֪ܲ룿ħ˶Ѿˣʥһ沼޵̫ɵʵС⼸ôȥض裬˴˿̣ԼǼ٣ʵĿģȴԼΪڻ˳ӳȥ
˿ˣ˵ƽ̫æˣһȥǿԡ
ԣ˱˴˶һۣãʥһҪ̫̫࣬ǳȥҲֲźãСסЩˣԼ˳뿪ž֮ˡ
û˴ʱʲôԶȥǰҲɡ
Ҳˣ
˻عͷһȻһ߳һӰһ£˴磬ӡ
ٺ٣ӣԭҲû߰
ȥϷЦô㻹ħԪҲˣҪþðɣٺ١
ֻδȥԣֻǰ濴˿˵̫沼ˡ콣󡯺͡󡯣˶ͬСɣΪңһ֮Ҳ׶༪١
ԣɫҲ˵Цˣӣǰ̫ˣ֪⽣󣿡
࣬˵ԽԶԽã콣򱱶콣󷨣ơ
˺ٺЦһ˵õǼ򵥣ҲҲգʥһ뽫ҵһ򾡣ӳȥҲһɫ


1740 
֮󣬼˻ص˽֮ڸȻȻפŲ̫ˣҲȷʵԣ⸽Ѿ˽ͬСɡ
ô죬Щȫ
嶾ԶЩɵˣȫ̫ˣȻǱͨ죬Ҳǿдء
ԶЩˣЩ˵УЩʥһӵˣЩ̫ಢ֪ˣԷֱóһЩ峤ǰˣɱȥôֻܡ
һ̣˿ȥ˷Ӧ˫һˣѸײڶ֮ƣʩչƷ˶˳ȥ
ǣ
˶ȥ˻Ӧ㱻̫˷ˣ콣Ӱʱն˹
ɱСӡ
˾Уæмķɽһߣ˲չɲһ̰ȥˣӽ
Ǳ߻ˡ׷

֮ڴ֮ǰص˼ž֮Χһ·ϣҲһ˲δ̫׷ڹ˺嶾桢аˣͲ˵ˡ
һɽϣ˿ǰ̫ĲȻ˽
ӵһΪѲ֮£һǰǲҵˡ
һ
м飬ǰæ
Сѵ˵޷
Ҫһݣ̫Ĳͼ
Ҫȥɱʥһӣ
Ӳһ㶣عҡҡͷԶƼ˵ȥֻҲ˵ʥһӴ˵Ϊ֮ϣ¸а˲ϣһͳϼˣߡ
˴عͷླ棬˶Ҫ㣬»ûȥʥһӵʥ壬Ѿ޷ˡ֪屨𣬿㶷ʥһӣĺɱ˳ϼӦ֪¹ϲۼȥˣ»˵꣬ҲǿһЩܣŲòҹ̫
ǰصģܴ̫룬֪̫Ĳͼ
ˡ
գ̾ȡһö㣬˵ͼˡ
л£ʵǰȥδ
˫һԶƼʣ˵֮أǲܻȥˣҴ㴩аȥߵһأԻ˺˵ǰó֮϶ھ¥̫ͣȥ濴
Ŷ
ӻعͷ˿˵󿪣ϹŹ屦Ҳ׷ٵһʤꡭˣ챦֣ȥԵúãɣɱ˶ᱦֻǡɱᱦϰˡ
ұףǰˡ
˷ֿҲȥòص䱸ɭϣΪһ·ϣȻ˵˾¥һ£ڿԷƺѾʱˡ
ླңȥ֮ʱһ֮һ֮峤ϾͰˣеˡѪծѪ
Ǿ֮ϣ̫ڵġ̫ɾȥ̫ɾطʥһڵġʥ塱쳤ڵġԷ塱³ڵġϼ塱ˣ̫ʥϡ
ҴȥԣĿǰʵʥһӵĶ֣ʥһֵЩ֣ԶԸˡ
ο˶ʥһӵĻɱ峤ϺͳϼϣֻҪһ֣Ʊ鷳ǡҵ֤ݣ¶ʥһӵС
Ҳԣླûһֻһˣ̫صΪħָǹʥһӲӲ֮١
Խҵ֤ݣҿʥһӵα棬һʱһСȻ˸ˣѸƹӺߵߵʲôˡ
֣΢΢һѸת֣Ȼ㡭
ƣ
һû뵽ǰˣǵʦһŽƣʵôɿླˣʦϢ
˵֣ﲻ˵֮أ
Ƶ괩Խ֪֮Ϊ֮ǰһʺ쳾ʱסϢԸղţϳˡ
һһ¥˴У˻ǰվ¥һ£ûע⵽ݺ
ȥ¥ϣҪһݣ漴¸磬ʵ֣ô£Ļ˵ɱ̫峤Ϻͳϼϣ𣿡
㽫ž֮һ£ȫ˵ˣ峤ϴ
Ҿ֪֡Ϊ˽ǣȴ벻峤˿֮ϧĳδۼλǰ
Ƶͷ棬ϧ֮ɫ¶벻ླֻһʶãȴΨһһܹΣҲˡ
ãƲ̧ͷü˵֣֪ںǰ𣬵ʱǱ뿪
ʱ棬ԤУüҵʦˣ
ԣƳ˼ã̧ͷ˵ȷпܡ
˵δ
һΪ˺ĵطླ֮󣬸飬մ˺һǰ䣬ǳ֮϶֮϶ڣʱĻпܱһǰһʺ쳾֮
˺
ɫһⲻ֮ǰ˵ҪȥĵطƼʱ˼˵֣˵ز˾뾡硭֣ôˣ
Ƽɫûд뿪˼һ֣ѵҪȥɱʥһӣһȰӱʮ겻ʱҸȥ⣬ҪǣҵӣȻǾ뿪ླҴֻ̫صɿླҲвСȻӵиϾ֣ôʲô
ƼһԼæҡֵ֣ǧҪᣬţĳӾȵģҶֻо⣬޷Ƿ֮룬һʺ쳾Ҳ֪ȥģǲܻȥˣԲ˿ླ
ƣ˵
Щеûģ˵ڣҲȥ˺
һ˵һ£濴˿ѹ֣֪뱨ֺγ常𣬿ȥԨֻһһ䣬ӱʮ겻
̫ˡ
˵ҪɱʥһӣֻΪ峤ϱ𣬴ֶˣֻ̫ص˰ǵģᱻ׷ٵܻûеִ˺ͱֻ̫صˡ
֮Ҳˣګګˡ
˵ƣܹһȥ˺𣿡ԣ̧ͷ˿ʵ֡ʲô˼
ʥһҪϵħԪĺ¹һ̫ΣˣǱ֣ɱڡ
ƿ㶣Цһ֣ҵС󣿻ǹ


1741 
¥֣ǰʦѣһ˵һƻǱǶʥһӲɣʹɣעҲС
ƿ˼һڵֵ˼ǽڽ֮﷢飬ͨҥķʽɢȥ᲻ݾߣ
ᡣ
֪һͰҵļƻУƻһ㡣
á£ͽˣַļǡ
ƺг񣬽ļգڳɢҥԡͨ˸ؾ¥ݵϷӣԭЩϷӣǾ¥һϷɾһģȴǰѵս֮أʥһɱϼϣɱ峤ʦֶһĻֵس˳
ϷҪȥʥһӵ˵֣ЩϷ֪ɶֻ֪˸ǮǱôⲻ֪һȴǳǷƮҡ
˭˾ϲ⣬ڳɢЩԣЩϷĻϹͣ
ҿǾ¥ˣڸЩıơ
¥ˣȻѾǱˣЩ鷳ˡ
ϣװͨգȥпǺɢЩԡ
šѩôˣɫֵֹġ
ûûʲô
֮󣬳еĴԲЩĿʼһʮʮ٣ȻҲʹˡ
Ҳ֪ô£⼸̫ץ˲١ҥ¡֮ˣƫƫ⼸Ƥӵ£ѡҥԡøˡ

ʮ֮˵һСҲ֣̫λԶеĶߣ֮ͥϣԻ̫ɾ
̫ɾɽ壬˴Զʥһڣǡʥ塱ɽ֮ƣܣͽƣһ¥
ʥʥһΣĿֻһۣһĪѹҿڵ·λߣš
ã߲Сڵʱ䣬ϵЩ֮ϣ㿴ҪҪ
ߣСѣᡣ
ʥһĿ䣬±˲Ҷԣһұߵֿ߲ڵ֮󣬲׷һսϿҪȥ
һΣʥһ֮ϸ˼ǰվ¥иСˡĽ󣬿δ˵¥ôһ֪˾˭ܸģΪضҲ͵ȥĪǶԷǼչص϶ˣ
ߵĿ⣬˵ҿ᲻Ǹ壿ˣδ˵ʲôˣµʱ򡭡ҾãǽһЩȽϺá
ҵҪǺηʥ
ʥһ΢Ŀøӱˣ˵ʱǷԸˣÿĶҵһˣߣ⣬̫ƹҲȥϼӷظأɴɱҲɷŹ
ԣ±߾΢΢һвϵɱ֪ѾԽԽˡ
ǡϷģҵȶ顣

ɴɣ̫¥ƹĸԼ̫ȻҲյϢɵƺδ¶̬ȣҲе˽۴¡
Լս׷嵹вȥˣˣҲħˣһЩȲ̫Ҳ¥ɢˣЩΪֶȥġ
׷ߣʮһɽ壬ɽվλ֮ʱѾ˲ˣٽ֮ʱɽϸӰ´£ȥԱ߼ɽϣҲͷܶ
⡰ˡ˶ܸȤʲôˣҪȡ̫ʥϵͷ
ʱֻǱߣһӰ̤δϢ׷帽һϣ׷ס˺ʥһˣ
ǵӰѩģʥһӣ󣬻̫ˣǧ֮һС
¥˽磬Ѿռ˲׷壬ʥһϷ±һ䣬ӣʥһѵ˺ڣ
֮£вپ¥˶öᣬȥɾΪǱʱһӰӺһԪ֮ʱȶ
ǹˣ
ʥһӿǰˣ棬òϵϢҲصʮ֮֪ʲôˡ
֮£ĵ֣տնģҲʲôˡ
۴ˣͷš
±ʱв˾¥˺ȻҲ̫һ¥ħɣĸɵĵӣɳΪ¥ӣ˿Щ¥ӣ֪ǴģǶϵ۴ˡ
ǱҪ㾿ǹ
ʥһһ䣬䣬˲Ϣ˹ȻһƹǰʱԷȴȻһʧˡ
ˣһĻ˽һһ˲ͲˣϢʧˣ

ʱ˾˳ֻǹˣһ˲䣬ʥһ󣬾ǴƬ߳һʵ
ߡ
ʥһһߣת˲ֳ˹ȥһԺ͸ղһǹһ˲ʧˣٳʱһʥһӹ
飡
һƶϣȥʱøΪ֮һˣɾڶƵһ˲֮ǹʧˡ
˶Ƭ̣˿ۻңɵаˣȥӰ٣һ㡣
֮С
ʥһĿ䣬˫ֽӡʱ֣ӳ֮£ǹ˵Ӱָ˳
̶ֻһɲǣʥһȴץ˻һһ˲Ǽī˹ȥһ¿磬Ծ𣬱ܿϮļī𣬶ʥһȴһϮǰƷ缤֮£ͷϵĶۣڱȥ
һ̣˶ס˺¥в˳һȻǡ
ô㡭
ǰ֮ʥһҲһɲǵʧ񣬵ָܿ糣аܣҵī𣬾㻹ûҲضǶĳط˹ˣһҲûˡ
ǲǺ⣿īҾȻܻúúõġ
˻˵ţȥЩģʱ棬¥ЩӷŷӦԭĴˣҾ˵
ǰˣȴǾ¥ģʥһһܣԷīĶӣʲôҲûУǰģ˭
ֻĵǲʥһΪīټ޽⣬ī֮ˣɡĳϼϣ峤ϡ
ʲôʲô
һԣ˶һ棬вЩԣһЩ֮ҴҲͰˣþ¥ĳϣħˣҲһںԵģղǾ仰ʲô˼


1742 ı
㵽˭
һɲǣʥһӵɫøˣĿʥһӣ㵱ʲôǵһ㣬һգħԪһϣóϼȥ׷㻹ǵ÷ʲô𣿡
ߣ
ʥһһߣɲǼֹԶ˶źʱļѻ˵ˡ
䣡
һƶϣʱ쳾һ䣬ƿʮɾ룬˵īټΪˣҲûУһ·ں棬£ҿʲô
Իڡ
ʥһ˫һ̧ɲǼ𼸵ɫīһ߶㿪Ĺһ߼˵Ҫ˽ħԪԣɱ˳ϼϡ
ʲô
ԣв˽һ֮ˣ˿˵ЩĴԣһ
һֻ̣ʥһɫ䣬ȴңһ߶㿪īһ߼û뵽峤Ҳڸɱʦֶɱʦֶ˪
⡭ѵģ
Χ˶¶ɫ۷׷ףʱ̫ĳѾȫɫŭаħҪڴԻڣ
ɱ峤ϡʱ峤ϲδ㣬Ҳһ߾ƣôһ˲䣬һ峤ˣʥһϣЩ㶼𣿡
ĵ˵ţһյľϸ΢ǵڳһзһ
ʥһɫڿʼ࣬ԣ˲ѽâķɽһɲǣ콣ֲʹˣеһϣ׷帽ˣæԶܣѷɽնʱ꼰
ն
ʥһָһѲټ˵ȥѷɽ˲䱻һ͵سնȥһʱ䣬÷ƾ䣬ʧɫ׷嶼
ѷɽʮĲֱ棬һ˲չǹܿѷɽĹ˵ôʥһϣ㻹ûҾһ¡߾ƣ嶾ķʱʹƱƳⷽƶҲ֮ã磬ʥһֱ̧ۿ棬Ƿе߾Ƶĺۼһȫˡ
⣬𣿡
Զ˽һʶʥһ˫ֿȥֻ˫ַԿǷ˿˵ֱ֮ϣ߾µĺۼ
һɺԣֱһɺԣ
ʥļλߣƺѾסˣʱۿ˹ԣΪʥһӲ˫֣֤Լף
̫λһߣʥһϺεݣаħҪ֤ףˣٶаħǲ춼ˣ壬Ҫȥ֤ף
ŴԣƺҲЩΪһ¥ĳ˵ЩʥһӱҪȥ֤֤Է˵Ǽٻ
㵽ʲôˡ
׷ϣʥһɫ䣬һΣȫ϶ǰģԲˣɾʲôˣȻġͨ£Ҳ޷ԷĿ
ʱХѹ˿ŵ˵ʥһϣ㲻ǵˣ˵ܿ죬ͻġ
ԭ㡭
һɲǣʥһɱ¶ǰģǾ¥ģݡ
δ˫ҲԿȻѧһЩ£˿̣Ϊ֮ˣöҲãҲãֻʥһӵͨ޷
ôʥһϣٻˡ
˵һ䣬ȻһԾʥһΪͨ죬²ʥһϵĶ֣ڡ˵꣬·ľ¥ӵ¥ӣߣ
һ˵ȣʱƺƵԶȥʱڲ׷ϣʥһĿ䣬û׷ȥ۲ֹ
һʥ߷ȥķɫЩɷף㷲ϣΡ
ʥһĿ䣬һȥ

һעƽеطۿ˹ڽհ֮£ЩԣɵˣѾԽԽˡ
ʱ̫¥ƹȵط⼸ȻҲʼ˱Ĵ㡣
ʱƹƻͨһ棬յչƣŮӵӰӳ֮ϡ
ŮӣһʤѩԼɣվȥʮ߰ŮʱŵƣȴŮеġ
˳弧ƹԱϼĶ˵Ůӣȴǰʶ¥̹
£ôʥһϵĴԣѾʼһߵˡ
Ψ֮ʱŻ弧̸۴£Ͼ弧ݲһ㣬Що֮ͽԽõϣ෹̸ʡ
ã弧̧˳ָ˵˴μž֮ص飬ȷʵЩŹ֣ʥһӡҲ򵥣֮ƹǲˣȼ˹̣Ҹڴ߱ǡ
˼ǡˡ

ʱ̫¥ȵط弧һླƽţʥһӵԴ̫ʢǽԲʱʥһй׷ԽڣǲѸ˼
һ̣һջ棬ѾԭģԱߣ뵽հݳĵʥһӶսڶеļ¡
һżʵ֡Σ
ҡΣŵоº費ߣƾƵʵǲʥһӲӲЩ飬ѾЧˣǷ硣
ֻһ̫֮±߼Ȼ׷ʥһ룬ı㡭
Ȼǰǵ÷ǳϸ֪̫±߼֦ͬ弧ŷǼˣò룬ƽˮ棬ֻҪ˳Խһ£̾ˮµİ
ЩһУҪıʥһڽһʱԮ¥ٴʱòһѣԮһѣֻ̫ص
֮ǰ¥ֻ̽̽ʵٹգ¥ǼضǰԵģ̫ǡʥһӡ
˴Ҳ˼֣ʥһ޷ٵǲƹЩôضֻ̫صѶţ̽鵽ģĸʱضĸȥֻ̫ص
һĻֻҪһǣҽס˵ԪضЩʥһӰЩ£ʱֻ뽫ǹ֮ڼɡ
⣬һöӡרֻ̫صϵĶ;ʧȥĸѶţضԴӡֻ̫صѶţֻ̫ص֤ݣұ취ҵӡ
ԣ΢΢һ֣ѵǱʥ壿̫Σˣһ֣ʥأֻʱˡ
óӸ㣬˵뻢ѨɵûӣһΣ̶ѨҴҲҪȥһˡ


1743 ӡ
֮ƺʥҲʶˣԴԽ죬ʥһӶԣԽǲɴʱҪѹסѾˡ
֮ǰ˶ʥһӵĻۣͬʮִΪõħԪɱ峤ϺͳϼϣһƺѾʵЩԴٿ죬ʼʥһӣʥһӻǴһ̫ƽʢӴ˿ླзʧ
ԳۣҲͬòȥЩԣѾҪˣܿ죬˽Ḷۡ
գ¥ٶһξǰ̽ˣ˴棬λһšġһš޳һΣƺרΪʥһӶ
ʱʥ壬֮ϣʥһɫ࣬ȻҲյϢĺ޳ˣΪݣ֮ϣһֶרΪˡ
ϣڡΣ
·㷲ܹ̫ƹЩ˵ãڣǼ˽ڣĺ޳ˣǵʥһġ
֮ϣֻʥһɫ࣬ĺ޳ˣڴʱȥҲδأ̫ˣȻûŷЩˣΪһֶҲûˡ
ɫԽԽ±߶һһ˲ſʵָǡ
ʥһûлش˵Ļֻˣȥɣ飬һԸǡ
ǡҲҶʣ˳ȥˡ
ãȵϰʥһӲſŵ⣬ģ޳ƾɱ
˴Ȼһ䣺ǻ꣬ǣ
¡ڡ
֮ʣﾹֳӰУسһɫǳۣһ°׳ۣϽԴߣĿ
ˣһǻ꣬һǣ̫棬û˵֣̫Ҳû֪ǡ
֮ǰڽ֮ûгʱֻ̫ͨ̽صһ˵Ԫ䣬֪ĸ
˿̣ʥһӿǰˣױ䣬̫ƹЩһ֪ǰˣԶ䣬ǻǵûҲֻѡ
ǻ꣬ǡţҪȥҹޣҵҪˣܿҾͻȥһΣҪҶԸĺ޳ˡ
ǡϡ
Ӱͬһ㣬һ˲ʧûκ˵ϢΨϢҲΪʲôټһ̫ô궼˷ʥһߵˣΪˣԷϢ

ҹ
˭
ѩзһ˲׷˳ȥһǰǵӰͣ
һ
Ӱ涣ѩϡܹһͷѩĳʱδκξ裬ܹϢģǵ֮
ҡ
תѩʱĽ䱸δи˵Щ飬Ūġ㵽ʲôˣʲô
峤ϱ𡣡
𡭡
ѩһ˵㣿˵ʥһɱ峤Ϻͳϼϣֱƣ
֪ˡƽ˵
أ
ѩδзκξ裬˵ҹˣʲôˣĵΣĻҪϤ
սףǴΪ̫ߣ̫֣㣬ȥԷϼ壬λϳ
˵˴ͣƬ̣λϣչж̫꣬ĳϣҲȥţ㲻һǽŵΨһˣضܹȥϳ
ѩ䶢ô֪᲻ĹơʼգҶ֪㾿ʲôˣɿླʲôĿġ
ҲãҲա뿴ѪɺӣǾ͵ҽûǡ˵꣬һһ˲û˺ҹ

峿¥ٶϮмΪͣʥһӲòȥӦսô˻ᣬǱʥ壬Ҫʥһӻ֮ǰҵǸӡڡ
ӡԣʥһӲЯڽںδֻСʶ̽ˡ
ֱʱʥһӺȻҴһһ·ֱȥʥؾûãִؾˣؾڴŵӵտ˽ؾ
һ£ʦ𼱴Ҵҵӣæ˵ʦڼ䣬Ӷ˲δκ
ţ
ʥһɫһ¶ɻĪϴ˷Żȥʱ䣬ӵô˴κ˿˵꣬һ·żǰȥˡ
Ƭ̺ص壬һҲûУҲڣǵ֮ϣԭλãʱȴһ׷ӡ
ʥһϡѰҴ
ֻǵŵİ׷ӣǱˣȻʱһöӡӡȻʥһѰҵҲǴϵֻ̫صĶ
˿öӡʥһӴҴһѰҴȻѾˡ
ãȻܿ졭
ʥһɫȻϣűȣӡУ졣
ҡ
ʥһ֣˿ӡɫҪ
ҡ
ʥһɫһЩʧȥˣȴɷƵվҪ˵㲻˵ô֪㵽벻Ҫ
ϡôˣʱ洫һߵʥһ£¡
ǣǡ
ԶȥʥһӻعͷĿϣһΪǰһ㣬뱾ˣҪɱ㣬ֻʱѡ
ϧʣʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ӡһɲǣʥһӵڱú䳹ǣδ䣬Ȼʱ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ʩչɲܿ˴˹ĿǰΪȥһѾΪӲӲ֮١
ҪûӡǾ͸
˿ԥһ˲չɲȥʥĲȻأᴳЩ档ʥһں棬ʥĲϤҲµ˼֡
ܿ죬ѽʥһϷʱһڳۣâһǿǡ
һ
һˣ
ʧյͻȻڳϷȺһը˹һʱĴŲϣ˵ڼž֮ΪõħԪɱ˳ϼϺ峤ϣѾˣܲд˰ɣ
ȵȣ滹һˣǡʥһϣ
ʥһϡ
̫ҲӦ˹ҪǰһΪܹģ
´ˣ


1744 
Ϸ׷ʥһӿһۣ㻹׷Ȼʥһ飬ʼ糣㲻Χ
ֻΧȻ˲̫ˣиΪű֮ǰ˵ģ˲ϣͳϼʣϡ
Хһ±ýʥһһһ˹ȥ㲻ΪҰȫɳȥԸ¥˰ɣ˵Ҫɱ㣬ֻʱѣֻڱæû桭Ѷ
ոһ±˪һλһ㻹־ܣ
·Ҳס˺ȻЩʥһӵԲϣϾ̫ʥ쳤ϣԴΣʱѲ˸ȥ˸ȥ׽
һʼͱ϶ɱ峤Ϻͳϼϵ֣ھ㵱ʥһӶʣҲǰٿĪ硣
ô㻹ڵô
ʥһӿһ˹ڵ쳤Ϻ³ϳڵλѻ
̫ԽԽˣƺѾ˲֮ԶȾƷҲѶʱһĻȾ˲ɵһһ
Ĵ˵硣˵ɱ峤ϺͳϼϣҲ˵;¥ıƣˣʼ棬ҲǾˣ˵
һɱ峤Ϻͳϼϣеֿݹ飡
ֻΧһ̫ĳ϶ԼɽҲǰϾΪ֮ˣһħԪˡħֲָͨ£һָǵκһҲܲס
Х۹·˷ȴʼղλϳ֣ҲƳ֣ѵб䣿ʥһӣƺҪѶԸһЩɽѾߵⲽû·ˣΨʱ䡣
ô㻹ġ
ʥһӵĿ⣬úʱһ죬ӡ߸߾±˾һŵʲô
ǿϸˡ
ˣ˿ڿҪ̫ƽҪÿླûзûЩֻ̫صıа;¥սνģ̫ƽǡһ˵£
ʲô⣬⡭
һԣȻ±֮ˣɾ֮ٴҲû˸ʥһǰΡ
ģ˵֮Сȥʥһǰһ㿴𣿡
쳤Ϻ³ϲڣ˵ʥһֻ죬Ҳ֣̫ûκ˸Υ
̫ŷ磬ƹЩˣʱҲֻڰ۲죬֪ʵҲ˸վʥһӿ⣬֮У˶֪ܱ
һʱգ㻹ںԣˣҽ£зɱۣ
ͻȻϣԼ֣ΧʱԶȻһŮ
ͻȻһʱ˶ס˺̧ͷȥֻƲһӰ˰ѩǽɷѩ
ѩ߶ʥһ˿Ǻˡѩӷѩʦǰ
Ŷŵͽܡ
ʥһֻعͷѩ˵λϵˣΣضλϻжϡ
ȥջѡ˵ĻΪҪŶԷһʱ䣬Ҳ˵ס
ʱԶǱ߼λϼѩͻȻȥˣоһæ䴫ȥѩʲô
ȻѩûлȥҲ֪һ࣬ʱԶȾҲˣƣƷ˶ڣһĶܱƫƫЩˣһ첻µزµ˼
˼
ʥһȥʼգûнһΣƺҲЩʧˡ
ʱȻϼâӳ֮£һʱЩۿ֮ʱֻǰУȻӰ
˾뷢׵ߣһԷ쳤ϡ
һɷǣһ°׳ۣ÷ֻһۣȻ֮У˱ϼ³ϡ
ʥһӣ̫ʥϣֻƽʱ쳤³϶ڱչ̫ĴСʥһȫȨ
쳤Ϻ³ϣλˡ
±Ⱥֿʼû뵽һΣȻλϣȴҪΣ
쳤Ϻ³·һۣ漴ʥһӿȥʵʥһϣ˴£
ʥһĿȻϣɫҲ˿δ䣬صλҪ׽ôˡ
ԣ쳤Ϻ³Ͼȥ΢΢һƬ̣³ϻعͷʥһӿȥʵ֪ӣ˺£ʥһʦ׽á
ʥһĿȻϣҲʮִݣɱ峤Ϻͳϼϣѵλϣû˵𡭡
쳤Ϻ³о΢΢һƽ鶼ʥһڴ峤ϺͳϼҲֵµİ˲ϣ飬ǲ˲֡
ʱ·Ȼһӵ˭ɱ峤Ϻͳϼϣڣ˵úء


1745 
ֻȺ棬һȥʮ߰˵˳ﻹѺˣˣ֮ǰʥһɳȥǻǣӣȻˡ
һΣԪһʺ쳾Խ½ڵϹ֮أһ֮ͬͬϣòƣպҲȥãԺ֪ʮ
Ϊ֮ţΪͲͣ츳ǹˣֻΪͨʮչܵ谭
һΪˡͨʮΪȻƷ֮£ȫͨʮǷǷҶ꣬ôܹסǻˣҲûκֿԡ
˿ֻ̣ѺǻǶˣзʥһӵʥһϣˣϵá
ǻ꣬ǡ
ʥһϣ̩ȻûоˣȻҲóĸλϣûмˡ
Σң䲻ʥһϣĳֻǲ֪ʥһϻܷ˿ˡ
ʥһӿһۣһЦ˵ˣˣʥһӵ£Ҫ֪ЩǷʥһܼ򵥣ֻҪ˵Ԫȡ֮ڼɡ
⡭
ԣ˶һǿгȡһ˵Ԫ䣬ʮΣգȡ֮ˣ־ߵңԪشжֶ㣵ʶֶֹֹֻ̫̫ΣǸصˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʥˡ㣬˻㣬ѵ˰ԪŪŪУֻһᣬԣ
棬ޣɷŹҲɱħУɱһǧҲŹһ
Դ˿̣˵Ҫڳǻꡢ˵Ԫ䣬ȻǲģգҲбʲôûм
˿ֻ˵ȡԪĳóˣҪǵȻԪû⣬ƣվһ
ԣԶһóҲǸݽɫ̫ʥϽڴˣȻҪǿг˵Ԫ䣿
Ǻǡ
ʱֻ˴һЦ˻ϣ̽Ҷ˵Ԫһǰϣںδ򹷣ÿء
ƴսˣЦһҪû⣬СүͰˡһ˵꣬˫һ̧ͳͷ£ܵʱһɼǿĻϢ˽һˡ
Ȼ
˽δϵ¾˹ϣ⻹İԶλһס֣
һ˲䣬Ƽѳ֣ûֵĵû뵽ǣǻˣȻӣԱԪҲԪ
ơСģ
һ˲䣬ԱԪ񣬴Ʒ˲Ϣһ˲佫˹ֻ¡һףԪԱ޴죬ǸһУըûҷ
⣬⡭
Զ˶ˣû뵽˾ȻԱԪ񣬻øղѾԶڰԱԪ񣬷ֻ³˲ˡ
˾
ƾ긦ȻҲ͹ǻ˶ʥһӵĳ̶ȣû뵽˻ͻȻԱԪһе֤ݣȫûˡ
ֻХɢΧĳ̣ʥһһ˹䵭˵ԻԪǡϡ
ˡ
ưɣǻ֤ݣȴ˵ϣô죿ȫ̫ˣӸȣɶȲˡ
֡ô죿
űŸƽ̫֣һΣֻ̰֮δ̫ˡ
˭ҿ
һ̧ǽʥһӺֻ̫صӡԶѩһֱҲû뵽ֳأƣ߲ˡ
ʱ³ʥһӿȥüʵʥһϣӡǺ
ʥһƣ˵Щȷʵֻ̫ص
ԣ̫ٳ϶ɫ·Ҳһ˵İɣ
ǡ
ʥһƣһУΪ˳ȥ¥Ǽµħͷླһȶѡ
ǰɳǻǣȥֻ֪̫ͨصĺ޳ħͷֻ̫صȥ¥󷽣ǰлܸ¥ش
ˣȴɳȥ£ҵӡߣ޷ʱѶֻ̫صһ¥һóͨ蹥
ʥһ˵Χ˶סˣƺ⻰˵ȫеǾҲκβԵĵط
ˡƸǰѾȫѰ׵˵ɺڵģѺڵ˵ɰ׵ˡ
ʥһŶˣˡĪǾ¥ļϸ£зɱۣ
䣬ϣ̫֣ڳϢһü֮϶ȻһħӡһɰϢӲǽΧˡ
û뵽֮»ҳȥĿܣܴƣˡ
ȫͻ䣬ֻƴһսˣʥһȻʱɱԼһɱƣκԥ
벻ǻûƹˡˣˡ
ƿЦһҲٶˣȫϢһ͵ؽͨʮתȫ£ʱһӰӸ֡
£
ʥһٴһ£Զ֣ҪˣѪλϣʱҲòʥ顣
ʥһϣ͵컻յı£ܼѹʦɵɵôꡭǺǡ
ʱȺȻһŮӵһͻʱΧѻȸ˽ЩҲͣͬʱķȥ
ֻһŮŮմѪɫҲʮɷףƺˡ
˪˪
Ůӳ֣̫˽һʥһϲ˵ͺѾһɱΪΡ
ݣ
˪ڴ˵صһ˲䣬мȻɱȥƲɱһ˲˹ȥͨʮһˣǼ
˪żĳڴˣû˵㣬һյΣ˵
ƻ˪ԣˣֻһ֤ˣ˪ʧȥԺ棬ʱֳյΣʥһһ£ȫǽƣɵȥҲҪǣȻû
ʱѩҲһ·˹гֽ˪ԣ˷ѩȾͶƵˣʱҲ˹˪Χκ˿
⼸ˡ
Զв˾һǰ֣֮ƱĪ⣬ֻ⼸ˣ첻µزˡ
˪ʦ㣬һգ˺£峤ϵǱɱȾѹ˪ȥǰ˪峤ϵʦֶȻ˵ѡ
˪ʱĿ䶢ϵʥһӣ̺޲ãгˣʱʥһӿ֣ȻǲǺˣ
ǡ
˪һЦΪʹԭ԰׵ϣһЩѪɫ
ʥһϣ㻹Ҫװʲôʱ򡭡
˪ǿˣǰˣ˫Ⱦ˵Ѫɱ˳ϼϣɱʦ塭ˣɱģ


1746 ī֮
˫Ⱦ˵Ѫɱ˳ϼϣɱʦ塭ˣɱģ
˿˪һһһ㣬˶ˣǰŮӣ峤ʦֶ
̫ʱѾʼˣţʥһƽǱЩôЩ飿
Ƶ˪ģȫ˵ɣλϻġ
һ̣˶ס˺ʥļߣѾʼЩˣһ⼸ˣԻڣھ¥Ϯ֮ʣͼŪǷǣĿˡ£
˭Ҷԡ
䣬̫徳ΪһΧ˲˪ǺĿ⣬һʥһϡ
ֻһڽ֮أʦδҺͽȥһ·ҵټʱڱ׷ɱΪħԪ¥ĳˣħԪ
ʱ
˪ʥһӣһһ䣬˵˳ʥһӴųϼͻȻ֣óϼȥ׷ԼԸˡ
Һͽ㰵׷ȥδʥһӻĺҵ˳ϼϺҺͽҲŵǣʥһӣΪ˲ħԪһ±¶ȥȻɱ˳ϼڡ˽ħԪ
⣬⡭
˪Щ˵˳޲е𾪣ǰЩյԣȫһޣ
ʱԶ̫ŷƹ弧˶۲죬վ弧ԣĿ΢ѵЩģʥһ
弧ȥž֮صʱ򣬾˴֮йŹ֣ħԪһ£¥а˶յϢˣΪ̫δյκϢ
ڿ˪ʵôһУͶýˣʥһӷϢĿıħ̵˳õħԪȻٴħߣһħԪħκ뵽ħԪվȻ̫ʥ
пˡ
弧΢ֻʥһӴȥħħԪһɲǣȻ뵽ʲô˸òǣħﻹһݰɣ
ʥһӣ򵥡֮£б䡣

ֳԽԽţʥļߣѾȫɫһɺԡֱһɺԣˣ£
ǡеˣѾסˡһЦԶЩʥĳϣ˵˪˵ȥ
˪ʥһӣĳ֮ˣʱˣħԪ˲䣬峤ϸϵˡҺͽҲȥˣʥһӣīɱ˽㣬ֽһɽ£δۿܹµõʦīǰһΪɴ
⣬ģ
Χˣ޲ȻʧɫʥһӴʱ˪ûκα飬˭Ҳ޷µʱʲô
Ȼλǻ˵ɳȡҵԪ䣡
˪ʥһԣˣȻø׼ֻҪʦ屨һжϧ
쳤ϡ³ϣô죿
ʱмλ̫ĳ졢λǰ±䣬Ѿ֪ôˡ
Ԫ䡭ʥһӿ˪ɫ糣صԪ䣬Ҳ١
ôǡ
˪Цһϵ˵ʱʥһϵīܲмٰɣ²ỹеڶˣʥһϵīټɣ
˵˴Ȼ½ֻؿ棬һĿĵĽڣ˿ڸȴīĺۼ
֮ǰĽϣմī𣬶ʥһԴ˽ȻҲһīմϡ
ǣǡǵīĵĺۼ
һ£ڳ֮ˣ޲ʧɫīôǼ٣˵ղ˪˵һУˣ
ʥһô£
һ̣λϣҲͬʱʥһӿȥ쳤ϵī֮ˣ¡ʥһϣ
һ±ñ˪ûһ˵һУѵʥһϣȻ
Ǻǡ
һЦϵʥһӿȥ֤֤ڣô޻˵ô̫ɷɱ峤Ϻͳϼϣͼı졭Ӧֱ˰ɣ
ˣʥһ£
쳤һȣȻ⸽ȴûκ˸ǰϵˣŵɫɷס

˽֮ʱԶȻһӰո¥¥ģ޳ǡˣ
⡭
һ£̫˶ûüëˣ¥粻ƫƫʱ׼ʱô죬ǰ֮ңȥֵУ
ٿʥһӣֱɫģ򶨴ݣֻΪڻȶԸ¥˵飬ݺ飬λϡΣ
ʥһӣ
˪ŭһ²Ѫ˿Χɱ峤ϺͳϼϣΪʲôûȥסΪʲôǲȥס
쳤Ϻ³üھ¥Ϯ⻼ʱȥסʥһӣ
ֻʥһ䵭Ѻҳǣӭս޳ˡ
⡭
Χ˶סˣʱܷʩ𣿸µǣϵڻĻѾֻ𡭡
Сġ
ѩ˪ԣ俴ʥһӣʥһӣ㷸վ֮ʦڴˣض鰸
֡ô죿
ȥһʥһӴΪ̫ߣλҲֻǿƽ˳ȥī֮¸ھ¥Ϯλϣȥסѵɴˣң
ʥһӣҲŹ㣡
޹ۼΧٳǰ׽ʥһӣ˪ͻȻȥƼæһӣȥ


1747 
ֳɽţ֮û˸ǰ׽ʥһӣһΪݼߣΪҲǼߣΪھ¥λϣôڴϮ֮ʱҡ
ܹóֻҪеκһʥһӾͲ˿򶨡

ʱԶַɻӰֻ˼λϣ¥ĺ޳ˣѾѾٳˣ
⡭
ˣҪô죿׽ʥһǲܵģ¥Ѿǲʱȥ׽ʥһӣڵ֮ǻ˾¥ģֻݺˡ
쳤ϣΪΣ
ʱ³ҲЩò⣬ʥһɱ峤ϺͳϼϣͼڸʵѾ䶨һ̫棬ʱضֱܲǾ¥Ҫġ
ʥһӣ
쳤Ŀһ֮󣬼˶һҪڹʥһϣ
ʱʥһҲ˹ȥص쳤Īǲǰ֮£ô
쳤ϣ
³վһԣʵЩԥģȷʵ׽ʥһӣ쳤ӣֻ½֮ˡ
ӣ쳤һҲΣ£Ѵˡ£
һ̫֮λϺ͸֣ԼʥһֵµϣеĽʥһָȥмλɷף㷲ʥһϡˡ
ǡˣ
ʥһ俴ΧЩһۣĸ֣һЩվԭأҼǰˡ
ʱķ򣬺ȻǿϢǷƱãǱԭգȻܲƣѹ˹
Ǿ¥ǹˣ
ﲻ߶һ̱ɫҪĻ˵¥Թ˫ضЩ߷ϣǶѾƣˣȥͻǲ
ϢԽԽ䣬ǳʥһģ˿ʥһɷƵɫݣ˭֮£Ѿƿأֻˡ
ħѾݲˣʥһҲǸˣ硭
˴ָһһѽȥǽɵʥһǰ˼˶ϡ
ǺǡʥһһЦȥΪӮˣ
Ȼءʥһϣְɡ̧̧֡
棡
ʥһһһǰѽһȻֳ˻֮ͣøˣ׷Զ롣

ֵסɻĳʱԷλϺ͸Ҳˣ쳤һ£Щ˲ʥ±ЩˣǲẦʥһӣʱԥʥһΧȥ
ߣ
ʥһһߣһһɴӿ䡱һʮˣȫѪ˻ȥ
£
쳤ĿбһףʱǱȴӭųɹâֱʥһȥ
ʥһ֪հܾѶһɲǣԥ˲ȥ
ߣ
˪׼ߵһ˲䣬͵طȥߣʥһһߣָһһɫīһ³˹

һ˲ȥָһʱâҫۣƾ䣬ħָ˲Ϣɣվһʥһһī𣬺ݺһ£˪
ͣ
Ҳͬһ˲䣬ħָһָıϣʥһӱħָУʱһѪӿ쳤ҲڳˣûϵʥһӴˣһ̧ץн޹֮ˣЩ˵ס쳤ϵĹƣһ˲䣬һâʧʡ

˪īﲻӿɫѪͬ죬峤һ㣬ţϼѨīȥ
˪
ʱҲ˪ʱΣҲ¶˾ɫʥһߵķȥˡ
Ƭ̣³ϵҲѸٷ˹³һΪʱ˪ļ򣬽һɼΪԪڶȥȻˣҲֹסʱơ
콫ȥ󣡡
˵ؾ˪ϵƵ󲻵ãֻȥƣ⸽ˣѾˣղһĻû뵽ʥһϣȻ
˾֮ʣⷽ򣬺ȻƷӿɼǿϢֻУ޴Ӱ
ӰԼǧɣȻֻӰɾӰҲóﲻ߲һЩΪǳģѾŵ˫ȷ̱ڵأҲҶһˡ


1748 ׼
޴ӰȻǾ¥Ĺĺ޳Ҳŵ̫ͬصΪˣ򲻻ƾӰ͸ǵˣһֺѹǳݵϢ֮С
˿̣Ψλʮ򶨣ͬʱϿȥԪӣ¥Ķλѣղ֪£ǡ
Ǿ֮ϣǺƷӿƬ֮ȴһλҪᣬҵȽǰֻһˣҪʥһ㡣
Ŷ
³ϵӰ˵ʥһӷλѸղˣѾηӡ
ʱٴδҵȣҲΪ¶ǲ鵽Щ꣬ʥһӰва;¥Ҳ̫;¥֮ླˮȣ˵Ϊ֮ס
һһ䣬ʱ쳹ǣ˶סˣЩķȻȫʥһڰ𡭡ԭΪʥһҪǴһ̫ƽʢû뵽˲ǷսҪȨǸˡ
ϵ𣺡ȻʥһѲ̫ôΪЩ꣬¥̫֮սҲӦڽսˡӴԺ˫ַ֪̫λѣΣ
ս𣿡
սˡ
ˡڽˣ
ǣȻЩ̫꣬¥аϣսҡȻȨߣԶȨߣȥģԶǡ
һֻ̣ϵĺɢȥˣӰҲʧˣ֮䣬¥˱ˣǣһʱʢ˴꣬ҪϴĻǡ

ڶգ۷׷ףת֮䣬ɱ˵ĶħӢۣյȨߣΪս
Σսˣÿ˶ڻϲصףȥˣױ
󣬰ٻ
˪֮أɲɣǵ֮峤˵ǼͥԺһһľǵ뿪ʱ龰
ͥԺʮְʱλϴĬĬ˳Ӽϵƺ˪̫á
ˡ
˪ôˣ
˹ء
֪ˡ
˪ķ䣬ǵ˵Ǽӣʱ˪ڴ棬Ѿ˿ʥһӵī̫̫أǼλϣҲ޲ߡ
˪
ߵ˴ǰ˪죬ȴһҲ˵ˣһɲǣԺֻΣԷ䣺ˣΪߣʦҲĶ֣ҸطȣȻʥһϹ򲻹ʥһϡ
㲻Ҫᣬ峤ģںΣգһþ¥ҵ֮˵߰ɣ
峤ϣʦһֱҪ㰡

Ǹһ죬ӦĻ
Ѿ֣˪ʱ죬ȴһҲ˵ֻôһڿ
˫ۣ֪һġܿ졣

գ˪û˺ûϢ۾ţһ֣˫ۡ
Դ˲Ժ󣬲֪Ѿ̫̫ˣǰȥÿһȥƺֻһЩ仯
ͥԺ棬ѩ֪Ǻʱģʱ￴һۣ˵ҺܱǸ
û˵ֻȥûʲôҼ̫ȥˡ
һѩһ£̧ͷȥʼն䣬ûи
ʱһӰ˹ƣͥԺ￴˿һ֪̾˪ˣϧգûܽ˪¡ŽҲһ˪ʥһӵīҲ֪һ·߻ġ
֣˵
ʱԣΧ˿Ҳ鵽˺ǱߣѾв˹ȥþ죬ҵɷʬڤҲǶ˵ʵҲС»ֻ̫صĴҲ֡
š
˵ͷʵǺʱѾ׼ˡ
ȥ˺֮ǰһҪһ¡ĿǰǸʥһߵķ
һ˵ּʱ飬Ȼµ֣һ£漴عѹߵ֣Ϊ̫ߣû˵̫;¥ǧķѾˣڸȥʥһӣ̫˶ȥģֺαءһ䣬һоҪҵӲǡ
ǿʥһߵķ˵Һ֮䣬ûнҪôҪô
֣㡭
һסˣʥһΪ͵ҲͰˣɴΪ̫ߣ̫ŲæֻȥƾˣǲǾһ
תͷ˵¥˵ʥһЩ갵ва;¥ķһɣ˼паһݣԷ£ҵħָԪˣضӻаˣƣٰһæ
֣˵
ȥƹƹһ飬ҪҳаݣҵĲ֮
֣㡭
һ£㵱桭Ҫȥðɣգҧ˵ͷ̧ͷΣҲգȥһˡ
ƣлˡ

֮Ѿʵﵽ۷״̬ҲϢˡ
ΣѾ鵽аݡ
š
ˣҲѹࣺ֣һ뵽ʥһа˭
˫üһ˭
һЦа֮һڤݣܲˡ
ڤ𡭡΢벻ʥһӵһݣȻа֮һ
ƵӦǻĲؽɽˡţڤڣǲؽɽ
á
վһԲᣬʥһлָԪƼҪȥʥһӣ㶵֣㵱Ҫȥ𣿼ʹħָϾ̫صΪܶԸ
˵ΪȷʵߣһΣƣ㡭
סס
Ƽʱִ˵ȥ˵ƣʲôӢۣҲ̰֮˰ˣһΡ͵ླİգ°ɡ
ҹǣаȥˣƹֻ̻Իͣ弧޹Ǹûʣݻ
һǰվԼĪʮŮˣϣȻ弧ˡ
ɴǰС˵֪˽Ѿǣȷȥ𣿡
һ弧¶Ըֵ飬ȥ˵ˣ֪ʥһӵΪ֮ټī𣬱˵һһħָָϣҲмʤ㡭˰ˣˣЩͷ飬ǽȥɡ

ҹžƻɺΨɽӰһһأ޾


1749 а׷
е䲢ħ֣֮еֻǲͬĶҪ£ΪϵĶߣʥһӡ
аһݣȻһݣݣֻĹ߶ѣɹ֮ݣȻᱻɱҲ˳£ΪеӢۡ
ڤа֮һ˼ɵ֮ˣʵֻʥһаķЩڤڰва;¥ķһ棬̫¥ĳͻͼ߽¥
Ȼﲢûʲôħֻ֣֮ǣ¥Ϊһͳླϰԣɨ¥ϰ
ܶսģΪ˳Լһϵ硰¥͵Ϯ̫֮¼
¼䣬Ҫһƺ⣬ʥһӣƫƫҪƺ⣬ΪµĶߣ̫ԣ¥һƺ⣬û˾¥ôʥһȨߣֻԽԽ࣬±ߵˣ𽥳Ȩڲ
֮ھ¥Ҳһû̫ƺ⣬Ը޼ɵϣΪ
ؽɽʥһаΨһݵ㣬֪ڣڤݣҲʮأа漸û֪ڤʥһӡ
ҹϰϰؽɽҹǺģʥһӴ֮صһħָȷʵ˲ᣬû£Իָġ
Ǻǡ
İĵǰȻһӰ߽ƹһżۣµӡ
ޡ
ʥһ̧ͷǰֵӰǰˣйޣֻ̫صˣ֮ǰڳɽһΣ˵ĳ֣ʮֲ
Ǻǡ
һЦ벻ʥһϣξȻһСʵǣⰡ
ʱ䳰ȷʥһĺʢˣѲʥһӣκι˼ɣ˺ãұؽСӵԪ񣬻
ôϣһΣʥһϲԸͷˣǺǡ

ºҵ˲ؽɽ׼ȷλãֻһ룬ûлͷ·ˡ
ʥһӴΪߣһħָԴ˵Ϊ¶ҲָܻһЩԪˡ
֣ôȥˣпܾͳˡ
ҹƿߵһȰÿһΣ˶õͷġ
һΣһ
ɽ棬Ȼǲͷ
ðɡ
Ҳˣһȥˣһ·ϣƣʶڳˣܹСЩơ
֡㿴
ҹʱѾҵ˲ؽɽؽɽɽ֮УɽĽƣʮǿһ
ɽŽƣ޷ֱôɽȥֻдɽ½룬ɽ£פʥһͷ˴ˡ
ߡ
һɽ·ȥҪǱȥźˣôǿȥ
ʲôˣվסˣƾЩˣסˣ
飡飡飡
һ󣬼˳ȥʣµŵϲǰһƽȥʥһӣ
˭˭ŵûҲڤ𣡡
ǡϵģ
ȻؽɽЩӣ֪ǵڤ𣬾̫ʥһϡ
ˣ˵ˡ
һ죬ʱһ磬һӿһ°˵ͷһɲǣʶԪֱӿ̽˲ؽɽ档
ʲôˣ
ȻʥһӲһǿʶԭ˹ʱ˫ۡ
ʥһӣ˵һġ
һ
ʥһһû뵽ô죬СӾҵˣҪɱңģ
ˡص
Ŷ
ʥһЦһôΪ峤϶ˣ׸ʲôֵΪƴһΪҿԸ࡭
㲻ס±ߣ峤ͬĻ˵
ô޴ġңʱī˶á
㲻̫áһ½˳ȥжʥһӵʶӦ漴תͷƵ棬ӣƻء
ƺءٺòߣ
Ҳԥɽȥˣɸյɽвؽɽӣ߰˸ΪѾ̤ʥĳϡ
ԸЩˣ֣ȥˡ
š
ߣƶԸסؽɽĸ֣Ѹղʶ̽쵽Ǽصȥˣǵȵ˵ʱȴһˣʥһӲˡ
Ƭ֮Ҳˣտյʵ֡أΧ˿ҡͷѾˡ
ˣҲΧ˿ˣ˵ñĻҪأأ
ʱȻϣһ죬նס˺˵ȥˣ
ȴӲݺݵϻؽǶԪ
һλᡭȥˣ
һʱѪƣ˷ʱˣǲ֪ߡ
ˡ
ƽӿ漴ȥˣ⸽ûκϢԷֱ棬ʥһĸˡ
ɵüǴ˿׷ھͺˣġ׷ضܹ׷ٵʥһĸӵġ
֡㿴Щӡ
ʱָȥ˵⼸¹꣬ӡȥЩңϸһӡʧġ
׷
ȷʥһӷչ׷ȥ׷ʱֱʱ׷ٵʥһӵһϢ
ʥһӣӲˡ
׷ٵʥһӵϢٶǰ׷ȥʱǰ棬ʥһͬٶ˼ޣɫԲ԰׵ӣȻһ·ӣǣϵơ
һ
ʱ־ŭû뵽˾׷аܹ鵽аݣû뵽гһգᱻΪôĺ׷ɱǸһ֮
ƻָؽˣãܡ
ʥһһۣʱ͸һɳǺ⣬޲ýʬΣʱǳһħָشˡڤ
˾Ȼܻƣȴħķġ̫Ϊˣʱܴ󶯹һ߻ħٲˣ֮£ҲС
˿̻£ֻ˫ֲϽӡ漴ҧ⣬һھѪǰһѪӡһ˲㻯ѪǰȥǲϧһѪԪѪ֮


1750 ɳ
Ƭ̺׷ѾʥһӵӰֻԭزһ˿Ϣ
ʩչѪˡ
Ƹܵ˴һ˿ѪԪϢ˿ܹȷʥһߵķ
׷
֡ȵȣ
Ҫǰ׷ȥʱƺȻסǰа̫ͬڵĵطÿ춼ɱÿ춼֡ҿСһЩΪʥһڤаҡ׷ɱֻ»鷳
š
ʥһߵķ˵ͷ˵ȷȫ£뵱˷ͻ
׷ҹٴ׷ٵʥһӵϢԼǰﴦ
⸽ɳʱгϯأóȻУʧһɳϣԶ˵֣㿴Ƿ籩׾
ֻɳ籩УһĹӣȻЩõ׾룬ضʧС
ʥһȥˣ׷
֡ȵȣСһЩ
ɳȥˣǶΪֻһУǴ粽УѰ֮˽룬ʮһ

ķɳ˶߿Хɳۣ찵أԽУԽΣ֮Уʵƣ֪ʲôط
ס۾˵֮ǰаĵͼӦǡ⡯˵ǣԻɳǡ˱ضɳȥˡ
ߣ
֣ȵȡɳǵˣײУҪ֪Ǵ̫Ǳģֻ¶鷳

ɳϯڸƵǰߣһգ۱㲻ӰֻѸٸȥ

һ֮ʥһѾɳ棬ɳɻɳУڳ棬ȴǱһ󣬶ҪǣҲһ¡
˿̣ʥһ濴˿ȻѾ׷ˣ˲ö룬˫ַǰ˸ӡһǰȥɳ֮УȻֳһֻ˫һţȥգ֮䣬һɳ֮С
ܿ죬Ҳ˹ɳ棬ȴ֮һͲ󷨣÷ƾ䣬һʱ䣬ֻɳ裬ɳϣҪûһ㡣
֡ģ
ƼæܿϮɳˣȴӭһ㣬ɳ̤ȥһն£ɽâȻǳźȻڶǰĿɳҲ֮ɢȥˡ
֡ƾ긦ǰ֣ԥȥˡ
˹ɳȻһ󣬴˳Զǰ㷱֣Ҳв֮̾ᣬﵽ죬Щ棬޽๬¥֮ǰ˸սɳʱĺ¥
ˡʲôˣ
ڸղǿƳ󷨽Ȼ˲ע⣬ǰЩˣаߣδȥᣬʶ̽ϸѰʥһӵټ
Сʲôˣڹɳǣ˭ҷʶģ
հʶ̽ȥһɲǣյһ侯棬ȻÿطÿطĽɣ˵ɳĵطҲҷʶ
֡СЩߡ
ѾֲõԤУΧˣѾԽԽˣһɲǣѰʥһӵټ˵Ǳߣߣ
Ǳ߷ȥ·ûǵ߷һǴҡڵа׷ɱʥһӡ
ʥһӴʱǰţûһ죬ᱻС׷ɱǱʱ׷ɱȺȥһܣһߵˣ̫ˡ
һ̫ˣΧ̫ˣղžͿ˲ץסǣ
ÿһã
ƿˣ׷ʥһӵϢԽԽ࣬ձӰסˡ
ץסǣ
ɳˣƷһɫһˣˣ˵ģ
ˣȥҰɣ
Щ˲ɷ˵𲻱Ҫ鷳ܳЩˣЩƬ̣ʧȥʥһӵϢ
֡ô죿
ƿЩˣʧǣʱӰ֣һ½Χȫ˳ȥ
ֻΧֲĻӰӡ½塢ɽԪࡢڣɱ֮ˣΪ
֡
һĻϲ¶˾ɫΪȻʱһ±㿴ˣЩΪҾ֣֮û뵽꣬ˡ
˭ٿǰһݹĳ
ΧˣɱϢǹɳЩ׶񼫹ˣҲֵӱ
¶λǺˣιʴҹɳǡ
ʱԶһӰ߷˹˽»Ǹѩӣ߻˲ٵӣϢԿΪߵͣɳҲ͡

ʱ»İ׷ˣˣ׷״кڹɳǣȷʵЩ
룬Щͻ¶Цݣ˹˹֣˵ĪҪᣬҶɳǣǡ
˵ȥԱֹסˣǰеӣ䵭ڤںδ
ԣһһ۱ΪᣬȴһΪֱ˼ߵ⼸ֻꡭһֵ֮С
֪СγƺӿտʵҲĨǣֱӵһ
һ
֣Χ˽һѵǰӣڼž֮أɱа֮һɱɵǸһ
Ŷ
ϾӷѰˣʱ֣Ҳ޾ɫ¶ɫ糣˵Сǰøڼž֮ɱ˻ɱɣֵа׷ɱڤĪСѣаг𣿡
ý鲻䣬Դʣ
˫һСӣȻЩͬѰ˵СаʲôԹǹɳǣڹɳǣȻйɳǵĹأֹκ˽
ˣĳԼȥˡ
ɫ˵һӡ½塢ɽԪࡢڡҳˣ

һȣһ±˪Χ˶еһҲʱֲõԤУѸߣѹ֣˶ڣǿ
ʱԶȻһڤ𣡡ƺǱ˷ʥһӣʱҲǱ߿ȥ𣿡
ڣʥһˣ߷˹˿΢΢һʵڤ⵽ô£
ô£
ʥһӿˣʱһƵӣصǰڲؽɽչ֪Σ˴˽ҵʱؼ˴ϣ˷֮ˣ蹷һ·׷˴
ʥһӣ㻹װ
һָΧ˿ȥ˵ǿϸˣʲôڤ̫ʥһӣǰʱ飬ǲ֪𣿡
ǺǡʥһЦЦԵӵû˵蹷ûɣ
ʥһӣҲƻĹأ㲻ҪΪڳûˡλǸҲҪڳ£ֻǴˣҷɱɡ
һ˵꣬ǲΧˣԪһʱӰһâ͵سʥһɱȥ


1751 ɽ
֣
Ҳû뵽˵־Ͷ֣κλأɳߣҲࡣ
ߣ
ۼ˾ǽһһɿ缤ȥܹ϶ԷӿǷһˣ¶ɫ˵Ϊ
Сģ
ۼҲסˣΧӶ˳ʱƲȻһСѺҹɳ£
桭
ڳ˾һ׷̧ͷȥǻµһ˲䣬Ͼһɫӡ֮ͣ赲ֱȥ
֡ģ
ɫһ䣬һӡ֮ǿȻ̫徳ǿֵֻܵҲ׵ֵ
ǽɫӡһ˲䣬ָһɽâָ顱һһħָǽɫӡڰһײʱðǾһ˶ŵԶȥ
⡭
Զв϶¶˾ɫ棬صΪղһƣôһָ͵ֵᣬѲҲصΪˣ
šħָ
ʱִ֮ɻȻλ˳桱ߣΪʶҲĹ㣬һ±ϳղһָǴ˵еħָ
ǰǽ꣬šħָ֣Ҳɵٴ¶ɫ˾紫ԣħָղһָܹӡ࿹һָ
ߡ
Ȼ֪ǰ˱¼ߣǽӣǰȥȻɹɳǣҲֲ¡
ƣ°ɡ
ʱߵٴδǽ겻һ㶣棬ǹɳǡ
°ɡ
ǡ
գǽ겻ʵؿһۣȥٽκǽգѵҪ˵֮˵棬ѹɳǧĹػ
ɽţϿ˿ʱļƻȫһ
ʱٴδλСѣڤ֮ĶԹҹɳǱǲùʣҹɳйɳǵĹأκ˽Բƻɡ
˵˴ͣƬ̣ʥһӵڤɱ֤һڣҵ鷳
仰˼ѾԲˣڤ뿪ɳǣһڣȥ׷ɱ
߶Ψ˲Уͬʱ뿪ɳǣȻЩ̫ʵڤߡ
Ǻǡ
ʥһһЦţҪڤɣŪǱֻҪٵȰ£ƽˣʱԸ˲١
ٻˣһ
˵꣬ʥһһ˲仯һӰⷽȥˣգ۱㲻Ӱ
Ҫǰ׷ȥȴһ죬ֹסʥһӷߵķ򣬵һʱ䡣
ȻҲԳУȻ˵һڣκȥ׷ɱʥһӣôȻ˵˫һҲûҪһʱ䡣
ڣһʱȥˣ˿ԥһ˲׷ȥʱѾ˲ˣ϶¶ɫʵţڤ𾹻ᱻһС׷ɱ
ˣǰڼž֮ɱа֮һɱɵˣĪǵагǽѪħҲ鷳ˡ
ʱǰǽҲعв⣬ȥ棬ղΪΡ

ֻ洫һ̾ϢƣղſˣһħָҵĽӡƽɫ䡭ҿ಻һӣһӰ޵˾硭
治̾ǽҲһ»Ȼ֮Ϊǧ֮ãѾﵽˣһССһӣȻܡ
ƣ˵˺ǱҲƽаǰӿһ£һ£𣿡
Լǣˡ
š˺Ǳ߶ԽԽ󣬼ˣһΣҲóȥ߶߶ˡ

˵ƣһ·׷ɱʥһӣ׷ҹڽ׷ϣһ˫һ֪ɽ룬ɽ׷磬ɽѻڷȥ
ʥһ亹ɫɷź͵֮ƣȻǲáڤˡ
ʱƵϢѾԽԽˣʥһӸĵݺླǧأħ֮䣬δйʧ֣ѵһΣҪС֪ˣΣҲڤˡ
ĪҪҡ
ʥһɫɷףֻѡһӣ÷ɸأ̺׷ɱԽħһҲûлͷ·ˣΪħħָаħ֮ˣħ
ɷɷɷ
ʱǺ󷽵ĺɱѾƽܹ˵ķɻ̤Ҷ֮ˣһɲǣɤۣһΣûѡ
ͻȻǰһʥһǿһʲôطһ·ֻ˵ñӣ֪δˣʱɭɭĹѵǡ
˼⼰ˣɵУһƣʱ¹ˮһγҫ±ߵһһľɼ
Ȼ޾֮·
ʥһдϲû뵽һ·ײܵɽ桱ĵؽˣԻɽǹɽĵطɽ棬ڤݽʶˣ벻ҹܵˡ
ʥһӣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ʱѾ׷ʥһ˫Ŀһûκλ֮ɫƽͳǶˣƶᡭ˵ͺܶˣΪƫƫеˣҪأ
ʹթ֡ϻˣ
Ԫһˣܵʱ಻κԥԪһߣһƣʥһ䣬һͷ֮ͣʥһκζֻ˫Ӳ
顱һײʱ쳾ʥһӱòȥڤģաۡһѪӿ˳
ܴٶǿȥϴʱʥһӺȻһӣʮ׭з˳лʮɫīɫһ䣺֡ģ
ʮīͣ಻ӲӣȻֻô̶̵һɲǣʥһӾɽȥ
׷
ѭѪϢǰ׷ȥɸ׷ûԶȻһֹããһƬҲ
֡ȵȣǡ
Ѹٴóͼһϲһ±ɫ֣Щʲôɽиħ桭
ߣΣɱˣʲô棬赲
ʱǰ棬ʥһ֮һ·Ѿ˹ɽĵطǰɽơ
ôɽͣ£
ʱǰһʥһ̧ͷֻ֮濴һۣƶδ׷˿æ˵Ѿң


1752 
˭ڤ𣿡
ҡңѾ
ʥһӼǰȥʱǰĹɢˣЩҲʱȥˣһɽϣֻһӰǰź£ݲϣ񣬵һ˫۾ȴӥһʥһϣһ
ѡңڤӣ
ʥһӼɽǰòţȻ롰ʥһӡʱò죬ɽһ۱ϳּ˲ˣĿʵѣô£żʮ겻ģˣ
һѾһѾ
ʥһ¶һ֮ɫɽ˫Ŀ΢ʵ˺£Ѳ˵㲻ڲؽɽúõôᡭ

ʥһ̾ŵûˣûˣؽɽûˣҶЩûˣ
ʱġʹࡱģɽţ˵ȴȥˣ˵ô¡
˵ɽ棬ʥһ˵ѣ֪ǰӣž֮һ£
ž֮ء
ɽ΢΢һž֮ôˣǰȷʵţ˵Ǳ춯Ͼȥ
ǻﰡ
ʥһֹһ̾ɽӺˣüʵѾʲô鷳˵
ʥһҡͷ̾ҵʱ̰ħ֮õһ̫ħ̫ħ˶õ֪ƥﻳ
˵˴ɽһʵȻأ
Ȼ󡭡
ʥһһ̾˵Һò׽̫ħϵ⹦̫£ֻһ˵Ļ޷¡
˵˴ɽ治ɵһһ޷˼˵Ҫ˹ͬˣ
ʥһӲɫŵҵʱ龫ǣ˷ɣǿû뵽ʱˣҵҲؽɽˣҵʱǶ˴ϣħɣһ·׷ɱˡ
֮󣬹ɽ˫һ˵Ҿ˵ڤѵı£ˣԭˡѷģҼʶһҹɽѣͷ˰ɣȥǶˡ
ѡ
ʥһ¶һмӣֵˣΪͣһͷģħָҵڤ𽣣Ҫܹ̫ħһɣҲˣ
һ˵ɽ룬˵뵣ǣɽأ±˱ͷۣҲȥ硭ѣȰ㵽ˡ
ˡлˣ
ˣڤȥ

ʥһȥ󣬹ɽعϸϸ˼̫ħղϵķ֮ˣֲǿտڱġ
ɷɷɷ
ʱȻһ紵ݶ֮ɽ񾯽˵λѣȻҹɽһɣ
֮ʱɽĹɢȥˣˣȻͻĽƣ棬ֻɽϻطƣ˲ǿ
ƿǰˣˣӦǹɽˣʥһӣضǶ棬ֻɽǰĪҪᣬ׷һˣˣڿڹ󴦣
ߣ
ɽһߣ˵ڤʶ꣬鷳ȹһذɣ
£ܶʱư˵ɽǰ㱻ƭˣʲôڤ̫ʥһӣ
ߣ
ɽδϷԼ˶ϴˣҪôȥҪô
˵棬ְɡ
˷ʱˣѾȥô죬ʥһӸ˸ôõĵطˣһϵ˺ˣǾѶԸˡ
ߣ
ɽǿй˫һɽƼ˺һ㣬һµĽƣֱ˴ȥ

ʱڹɽһĶһӽʥһ͵˴˵ڤǰڴ˰ɣˣǶʦ𡣡
š͸ˡ
ʥһ˹ϢӶգܺú˹ָһˣйɽ浲ţ±Ƕ˾£һʱƬ̣Ҳ
ǵӾͲǰˡɽ˵ţǷȥˡ
Լһʥһȫ˳žڤķѹȥһʼˣҲͲʲô⣬ʱ׷ŲţϢοղţ˶Էһơ
һ
ʱʥһҪຮжຮ䣬аģƻָضҪСܣȻõħԪ֮ȥаҵĵط֮ءʮȥҹġ޳졢Ǽˡ
֮ʱʶȻڶжʦ֡ʲôѽʦ˼Уȴðɡ
ɶã֮ҹҪʮˣ˵ˣˣʦĶ֣İɣùܡ
һƻ谵Ķ̼һһŮִȥòһ㣬Ůȴɫɲͣòˣˮ֮飬⻬ˮ
˿̣Ů΢죬εεģʵϴЦ˵ʦãǵǵһΣǡ
ѽ㻹˵˼ҡˣ
Ůᴷһ£ߵģǽεĻһӸ̲סа⣬ḧһ£˵һ˫޹ǵͺϾͻơ
˵䣬ѾߵһźǰŮϺϼͷɬʦ֣һΣɲϴˣŪ˼ҡᡣ
ʦֽػġ
ӽϺϣսӴǺһ˲䣬Ů˫΢̲סһߣ˸д󶯣£㽫ϵȫȥˡ
һĻȴǽ̸ʥһӵʶ̽һ΢һ˼Ѿ뷨ĵµô齣һ䶴ȥˡ
ȵʯʱֻһ˴ʲϴǶˣȴ淭Ƹ꣬
ʥһͷ΢΢һ̽һ۱㼴ƳֲܹͺϾԭһ֮һ֮Ҳȡ˵ľԪڤķ֮ˣȻȥ
ʦ֡㣬㡭㻵ˡ㣬㲻˵ôôôˡ
ʦòһ̣ء
ڶ֮ʱʥһӺȻ˽ȥǶ˾˴룬ʱһæֿҺûδʼͺϾһǵԪ˲ɡ
㡭ʲôˣ
Ӵ֮£ʶĽŮӱڻŮŵûʧɫ˫ӣ
ʥһӵʦ濹УǶȴڴЩɲ֮¡֪ܣ
šƨ
ӾʲôɲˣʦͺϾǵõʦ˼׼ģ㡭㣬ʲô£㵽˭ܵˡȥ


1753 ɱ
ǰһĻʵϣһԳŮ§һȫǾ֮ɫʥһӲû˳ȥһһ˱ƽ˹ȥ˷˾ţʱҲֻܿһԼ߽
㡭㣬󵨣
澪֮ɫ˵˭һʱδף§ŵŮһ뵽ʲôڤ𡭡ڤ𣡡

ʥһɫƽڵ
ڤ𡭡
Ҳһ·Ӧ˹ԭʦʶλˣּ¶ƣ˵ڤʦ㣬ԸУ㵹ã͵͵ﵽʦĵطˣ㡭ʲô
ŮҲŵòסԼ˿ɫһ±øɷˣҺʦ֡ʦĵմӣʦ˼ң۰Һʦˣ㣬㡭ʲôҪ
ʲô
ʥһƽ񴲣˫ģҲһɫī𣬴϶ˣŵûɢֱе˰˰ʦ
ϧʥһȻ沼˸磬ʱ˺ٴҲκζ
㣬㡭Ҫ
Ůŵľѣʱвǲմƣﶼܣֻòȥ
λؽţֻǡλԪһã
ʥһӻ䣬¶˫һ̧˸ץ˹ֻڶͷ䶴ʱХֹ֮
ҪҪ

ʦ֪ˣһŹ㡭

ΰʥһ׹⣬ûκͣ˼ʱɽǱߣɽɽĽƣ˶ңʱ亹ӣȻڤ˵ˣͷģȻöԸ
ʦʦ
ʱʶ棬ȻͽĺȣȻͽҪ̳²ĵӣԪ㣬֮ãʱ棬һ㡣
ǶһĻʱȫȻʶУһĻɽҲɵһڤɱģס֣
ɽ¶ɫʱҲ˲öԸˣһ˲תǶڵķȥˡ
ƺһۣղŹɽæȥӣҲµ˼֣ʱҲԥȥ
ȵʱɽ漲ȥһĻȴǲҲ̶ãֻͽһ˿ҵڵϣȻѾûϢԪ񣬶ʥһˡ

ɽĿѣһȥԼѸסͽ壬̧ͷŶһ˹ʥһӣ˫۸һ²Ѫ˿ڤ𡭡ʴ㲻㾹޲㡭㡭
䣬Ѿ¶ɱʥһ۾ӶѣͷɫʸõģƲָܻ˴ҶҪ꣬ѣ˵ǲ
ʱҲѾ˽ǰһĻȻ֪˺¡
Ĳ㣡
ɽ˫Ŀѣһ´ӵϵ͵һƱ㳯ʥһӴȥƺ͹˶ԷʱΪǰƶôãһʱҲδָֻʥһһ顱һɽ汻һƴؿڣʱһѪһ˳ȥײʯ棬ײѿˡ
ڤ㡭㡭ɽѪֻ̫徳صΪܵסʥһһ֮
ߣҲɵðһ⣬Ϊָ˲٣ǲ׶Ըˡ
ʱʥһվŶڵˣ·ֱʥһӣֻˣһУӦýˡ
δ˵꣬ͻȻһƺߣɫҲһ±òҰףȴɽ浹һԣ˫ֲϽӡдʣȻղһ£ȻʥһشĹɽӡҲϢ˶Էڡ
ô˻ᣬһ˲乥ȥʥһϾɫһæ˫ƣ顱һײΧʯۼҪˡ
ãõúܡ
ʥһ֪ʱ⼸˾һƺƶ漴һ⣬ȥ
׷
չɲ׷ȥʥһȡ˵ľԪƱѻָ٣ܳôʱȡһȴ˻ָǱؽһս
׷һһҹǰѾ֪ʲôط£֮
ݣݣ
Ӱһƣһǰһ󣬽ʥһӷסˣأ㻹ܡ
ǺǣأҲˡ
ͻȻʥһ¶ɱһʱ˶Ѿָ鷳ˣһս
ȻҲܸܴܳδָȫʢʱڣ˿Ӧ֮ʵˣСƴΪƣ㵱ġ
ѣ̫صΪǳζʲôĿǰΪһ£Ƿˣֻѡ񣬽ͨʮתޣ˻ܵסʥһӼι
˵˵ͺܶݣˣȴƫƫҪҲգҹͳȫǣ
Ȼ䣬ֻʥһ˫һ̧ˣɽ룬ʱһɿµɱֱȥ


1754 һս
֡ģ
ʥһһطɳʯ͵ֱȥһ˲䷴ӦԪһˣѸһ⻪ʥһ£ǱƵòȥ
飡
һƶϣʱضɽҡľۼУ˫΢һӡһѪɳֱʥһɱȥϸȴһѪķɽ
ߣ
ʥһɫһ顱һһ½նĽ˳ȥһ£δܴת˲֮䣬ҲѼԪעУһʥһɱȥ

ʥһӵһЦŵʱûи߹㣬ûʵȴ˳ͷֻߵˣҲһȥ
峤ҪҰͷ÷ϻô࡭
ŶôǺǣ
ʥһЦһһߣȻѷɽѽĽ֮ϣĻƣȻͬһ㣬Ȼаšڤһݣý֮Ҳһ㡣

ѽʥһٿ֮£ͬʱɱȥһʮͣѽΪĻʮֲֿһĻմϣͬīһǵյͷȥɡ

ֵĻ𽣣ʥһӵΪϾԶ֮ϣȻ飬ȻһʱƬ̣ҲԵֵĻ𽣵ͬʱ

ۼѽ쳣Ҫͻķٲԥ̼۹£һ˲䣬쾪ӿֲףԲ£һָ죬ŭףһʥһնȥ
¡¡
ƲɵȻʥһӴ˿صΪҲֱ棬˲ܿͬʱҪջĻ𽣣ɲ۹һն֮£Ļ𽣵ĽѸٲѺۣȫϡ
¡
һն£ɽѣϳ׹ʥһľ֮࣬Ŀĵ۹½ϣСʲô֮аΪڤ𡱣Ȼˡ
ʱĿȻҲˣԵ۹½һУҪˣ¡һֳ˴˹ȥ
ϵɽ꣬ԽԽңǿ⸽ˮûü㱻һƬɽ롣


ãٴν棬ʥһϲѪ䣬Ǹղű۹½˵ģ£Ҳ۹¸һ
ֵֻĻڣҲѱѣѪ˳ˮ£ղؿʥһһƣʱҲѪȻ˶˲ˡ
ֵô
ʥһӺݺݵҪ屨Щȥ˱ֵô֪ģϣÿ궼֪жȥ岻ֻһѡ
еˣšе˻ţܿˣ
ʹȫԪһʥһӺȥһδһľ磬ʥһУվˣһ죬˫ƵסĽҪɱң
Уɱǿ˼£ȷħָܷһָУԲ׶ãֻһλᣬΨħָɱˣʧ֡
ʥһĿǰˣȻ̫ʥϣŪȨڹ֮䣬ڣһжûˣòа
ʱԽԽأ𽥻һī˹
֡
Ѫղűʥһһ߹ǣʱǿҧվȻȡɫ̣Ҳǵ֮
һɲǣǿ͵ط˹͡һѪḶ̌ݺݴ̽ʥһӱϵ߹

ͻ͵Ϯʥһ⧲ɫһ±øӲ԰ףһ𣬡顱һƱݺ˳ȥʱѪֹ
ץסᣬһ̳͡һ۹½һʥһӸᴩȫһʹΪȾ磬ӲҲԪһĽ֣۹һػǵУ

֮£ֻʥһץŵ۹½һͳѸװһδܶ㿪һؿڣʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥ˽һֻҲ˼ͷ
¡¡
ʢưã粻ֹֻʥһ˫ŸѪֹصѪˮ˴Ŀġ
ſڵϣѪϣղһƣͷ֮һƣ˵˵ѣѰ֮ˣˡ
СӡʬΡ
ʥһǿֹסѪݺݵԽһҡҡλ˹ȻҲشɽӡԭڤɣԼǰһħָ

ѪֹղһʵʦԾɳ壬ҲԳܣʱֻʹޱȣ·ȫ£ÿͷһء
ۣ
ͻȻʥһһѪӿô˻ᣬһ´ӵϵ͵һ˹ȥʥһӼʱعһƶϣ顱һΧһ
ԶҲǿϾʹ͵һ·˹ʱȫȻǿͨʮҲʥһˡ
ʱʥһӼϮҲٴ⣬ֵֿһƻӳ顱һƶһ
֡
һۣԪһߣʥһȥǺ棬һʯ͡һʯһ½ʥһӴ͸ˡ
֮ơšһڣΪءʥһӵأǡⱳ

ʱʥһѪģҪֲжֲ˫ĿŭƾҪɱһ𣬽ˣ˳ȥ
û뵽֮£һɲǣʮ޾תȫ£ʱһ⣬ɽ꣬һ֮⡣

һҲ·֮ˣȻͨʮתȫʱһ⣬˵ﵽ۷壬ͬʱʥһɱȥ
ǡҪɱң
Ȼʥһȫһ𣬽ɽʯ÷飬һɲǣƺҲĳȫѪ֣һ˲䣬˵ײһ𣬾֮
¡¡
һʹȻ״˵Ĺ赲⣬γһ硣

ʥһ˫۲Ѫ˿һ̣Ĺȫʧȥ˿ƣֹĹʧȥ˿ƣƵĹͬҲʧȥ˿ƣ֯һʱὫ˺ѣ
¡¡
ף޷˴ʱڲǿ˵Ĺƺˮբһкȥ˫ؽͬھ
һ̣ʥһ¶˾֮ɫ˵ͬʱջعһ

˫ĿԲֻ۾ҲѪ˿һߣͨʮʱһ⣬ͬʱҲʮ޾ת˼£ʥһӱһƣѣҲֻٴδر˵Ĺѹ
һɲǣ˵ڴﵽǿ⸽ҲŤˣһˣʱѺ۰ɡ
¡
һһҫǿ⣬ڴﵽ˼ޣʻαδüӦһ˲䱻˳ȥ


1755 鳾
𿪵һ˲䣬ʱֻǰһڣһƬңֱ죬Ѿʧȥʶ֪ںδ߲һЩҵ
֣֡
Смǡ򲻿ɣ霷㡭
ʱղ࣬Ϲ߳ɡգ㾡Сˡ
һ;ħ֣Ķħħ˶춷ħ

֡ѣ
ˡˡˣ

ʦ磬ûŹҡ
м˳ɹɹߣҲضͬۡΨ
䷲ľ֮ѩˣҵ֣δ롭

֡ѣ
ӣҪţŲɸ˵ĿġһҼ
ˡˡˣ
ʦʦ
ǧѡɱ㣡

֣ѣ
硭ߣǵĺߡ
ᣡ
㸸磬ֻ̫صˡ
һõĶ
ֻ̫صػȡ

֡ѣ
ˡˡˣ

ۣǰһƬϵϣؿڴ˺Ѱľʹ

ſؿϣѲн˽ȥڹͷãҧѶϽǻ߹˳˿ڴʱѪ飬ѪҺð
ơƣ
ĨһϵѪˮſſһߣȻҲشʱվҲ޷վˣֻŬǰȥҪõԶһѽ

ˮҧǰȥһߣʥһҡҡλվղһҲ˲ᣬϾһԶܱȡ
ǺǡǺǡ
ֻʥһ¶ЦҧǰȥҪõһѽɸһץס㱻ʥһһţݺݸסˡ

ֻеһ֮ʹ·ܹͷѵʥһӽϵĽ˳ƻӽն£һնƣϿ֮ʱѪӿ

ơ
һҲʹࡰˡˡˡţȴվҲûС
ɽڣ
һ̣Ҳ޷ٻԽԽʥһĿ¶׺֮ɫ˵Ҫˣãܡ

Ŷϵ󴦣ɫɷֽЦŵɱôˣҹﻹ˯𣿲Ǳɹ𡭡㿴㿴˭ϼϣ峤ϣ˪ˣ󣡡
죡
ʥһ˫ԲɱЩΣҪӢۣҪǱͬǣ޹޼ľţ򣬶һκһʧκӰ졭ͬЩȥˣôװʥˣЩɱţҲΪСɱҲΪͬ飿ǲǺʥɱЩˣ
ǺǣǺǡ
ɷףЦŵҶˣҶˣɱЩԼˣǿʳĹɣκӰ죬ɱɱΪұǿ
ʥһӺݺݵˣϧ㶮̫ˣ±ߵˣ϶ѣɱȨԶȨҪǱҪǱ
ԵģҶ̫ˡ
Ц˼ǿʳôҲ˵ҰɱˣҲûκιϵˡǿʳһΪ϶Ҫǿ԰ɡ
¡
һ绮ʥһӵӳøˣԶת֪˿̣ڼʱ䡣
ƿʥһӣЦô˵ˣǿʳ𡭡϶ǿģҰɱˣӦûɡǸһô㣬ƺˣû衭
ʥһĿһͷϣһ£ʱѪ
ƣ˫ĿԲһƣſѪҲһˡ
ơƣ㡭ɱ
ߣӦðȥ
ɱ֮ʥһӻعͷȥһĽһһȥ
¡¡
ϵʥһӵģӳյøײˣǽϲϵѪˮϣҲմѪ·մ޵ﴳĶһɢһһ˹ȥ

ʹȫҲԶԪ޷ֻࡰˡˡš
ʥһһһ˹ȥһ㻹ǵҵĻʹ㣬ʱ˶ãǺǡڣǲǺһ

һ˲䣬ԭѾȥƺȻʮ깦
һͬ⧲ʥһû뵽ƻͻȻһ˲䣬ûӦ㱻Էסˣһֻ̣ϻӰƣǶԪ֮
֡
Ѿûʣˣ⡰깦ҲֻסʥһӶ̶Ƭ̣Ŀǰ״̬ܿͻᱻԷǿгƣһǿгƣϣɡ

һХһͷ׷裬һɲǣĿ֮ȻųһƬâľ괺ȫȻһ˲䣬ȫָ
⡭ʥһ¶ɫһȥ֣֣
ۣ
ƱòѪȴʥһӸš
ְְ֣֣֡
ۼħָѳɣʥһһ̼ˣȻƴȫҲ޷Ƶġ깦

һ˲䣬ָųĽɫâҹΪ˰磬һ˲䣬һָʥһüĵȥ
飡
һֱָӶʥһӵͷ­Ϣ˲ɢ

ȼȫԪħָɱʥһӺֻеȫһҲûκϢˣһϵȥ
ơ
һ죬סԼҲûˣˤ˵ϣ꣬񷶥أԵֹ
ȵȡȵȣԪˣ
ϺȻ¶˾ɫӦΪ񣬸ղһ˲䣬ʥһӵһƾԪˣ
Ӳˡ
һ˲䣬Ӵڵġʩչ˳жʱɫ͵ʥһߵԪ׷ȥһ±㽫סˡ

ʥһԪסϷ֮¡¡ϵֹӿҲסˣ⣬ʲô̫Ž
ܣɱңɱң
ʥһԪ񽥽ŤĿֲ䣬˫ֲסӡ֮ļš



ص֮䣬ʥһӷһʵХգǱļ֮Уʧ


1756 
¡¡
Ƴûˣ˶ˮ泯ϣһ绮ɱϡ
СŬŲһӣƿȥ֡
ȿȡȿȡûϵ֮
ƽϵƽ󴦣ʱһ𣬹һʵ֡ղšȣȿȡղУǸʲôãȥӡ
һλǰҵģ˵˷ӡˡ
ȡȿȿȣ

ûû¡ȿȡ
ﲻϿȳѪȻղʥһǼƣˣΪߣͨʮֻˡ
û£û¡
ͨʮϹ飬ʱȻ޸Ҳã߹Ƕ˼·߲ˡ
壬Ծɳ֮Ȫֻ֮ģϹ¶Ѱ˵ǿͬųǿ
ƿϵ˵ʵ룬Ҳղʥһ˵û磬˲пᣬҲãҲգʵһ
СʱʧǺ常ˣҺЩ٣Ǳӻһԣѹաʵ϶ԶҲܲš
ʥһ˵ʵûд޹޼ؼ䣬ؼ䣬ǵ˵ϣȴ˹֮֡еȨ󣬶еˣ渻Ȩµū
ɽ棬ʳݶԶʳݶһǣǣӴҲֻʳ⶯ĸˡ
ȡȿȡ֣˵˵ö𡭡ϣɱϣģ
û˵ͨͻԵı䣬ڷ䣬Щ飬Զı䡣
꣬СˣƻָһЩʵ֣һжˡ˵һжˡ飬ʲô
ôϣһſڵ˼
ʲôһ£̧ͷѲɣҰģʥһӻҪ
ˣֻǽһ£Ҫ֮Ϲһˣ

ԣƸһ֮£֮ԹϳɹߣᳬˣǳɹˣҲضḶͬĴۣһһ֣㡭㵽ף˭
ûټ˵ȥˣʵأ飬ʲô
ô
һɻˮϣ˵飬Ǻȥɽ£Ǽӣֻţ򡭡ȻҪһСӣһСҽգ黭
˴ǲԾ¶ЦɵЦɣһУˡ
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𣬾ʱ֪δȻһɭɭҾãʱ̫࡭
ʲôˣ
˽һȻ˿Ƕδ˿Զһ£ʱǣϵƣʹ
Ǻǡ
Ϣҹ֮£ǸһëȻĸоƺ磬ܹҲܹܵϢȴƫƫӰԷǹһûڰҹɫС
ȵȡ
һɲǣƸܵˣڻӦȳ񣬶ʱϢȻǻꡭ
ڣڰ֮гһӰȫһ֮£ȫģϢȴһ֣ΪѰ֮С
ԭͲ԰׵ӣһ¸ûѪɫ˿ȻԷϢѹôֻһ꣬ǿˡ
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һɲǣҲӦˣǰˣֻ̫صˣֻǱǰκһҪöࡣ
ǺӰɭɭصȸ硭ޡ
ޡ
ס˺ֻ̫صˣֻ̫صˣĪ⣬ǰޣδţȴǿʵֻ̫صﻹŶʵɲĿֲ֮ˡ

մ˹֮㴫һҵľʹȻľ괺ղɱʥһӣѾľȫԪʹǿ˹ҲԷӳʵˡ
ʥһѾˡˣ⡣
ڰУ˫سŶƮ˹ŬŲȥƫƫ嶯á
ҪģҶѡ
һֻ̣ɫ򶨣ƮĹޣһһ˵߱ǣ޹ء
֡һԷҪ뿪
ĿȻڹϣʱҲƴȥǰޣΪ̫ˣ˵˴ʱѾûȫʢʱڣҲδضԸˡ
£ֻ跨ȫƣһлҵʦʦȥֻ̫صԼ
ˣֺαأΪһˣķô
Ʈ˹棬ĿϣһԵƿȥɭɭֻǱ£ϲɾ䣬ۼλѣֻˡ
һɲǣɱ¶һɺɱʱȥס˺ĪһΣֻٻʬħˡ
ǧһ֮ʣԶȻһȻһҲɢǶˣԶһ㡣


1757 ả
ʲôˣ
ܹ̾Ϣûκξ£֮ˣطǵ֮
Ҳɵһǡ
ꡭ
Ҳһ˲ˣͬһֻ꣬һ꣬ȻӸһɲĸо
ֻҹĻ֮£һӰһӰûʲôϣλ뷢׵ߣƵ˪һ
Ȼǡº衣
º֣˿֮ǰʱº֪ȥ˺δ˵Ҫ֮Ѷ
ԭΪºѾ뿪ˣϾ֮ǰ⿪˶ԷϵħԷûκαҪڸԣǴ˿̣ԷȻֳˡ
ʲôˡ
һ䣬ϵϢˣȻҲоõԷȻʱһһ飬ֱֻԨĸоеֲ
ºɫϾͷ¶βģҲֳˣ֪Ϸ֡
һɲǣոǱ˪񲻶СߣǸʦʱһ顭ԣ˵ʲôˣѵҲΪˡ
˼⼰ˣٶ룬һ죬ֱӳץȥҲȥһԵˡ
ߡºһߣָһһӡ˹ȥ顱һһ´˹ϡ

ޱһ´˳ȥлӡ֮һʹ̧̣ͷһ̣µøӺˣ㵽ʲôˣѲɣҪֻ̫ص顭
ֻ̫صߣ
ºһߣ˵Щ˲̫ŽﲻЩСҲҶͽֻ̫صֹߣ֪֣ĺ壿Ĳ˵ֻض֣֪⣿
㡭㡭
޸ǸеһѹϢ֮У˵ʲôͷôֱԼֻ̫صĸоΣһǲˡ
˿ȥСӣһΣˣ´Σδػ˺ˡһ˵꣬һʧ˺ڰκϢӰ
ǰ
º迴ȥԱҲڻعˣŲԶĳº裬ʵ֣λǡ
һۣ˵λǰҵ֮ʶһλǰպ˵
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Ʋɫ΢΢һ䣬һ֮ĸ֣֪ǰλǰ򵥡
ǰΪڴˣ
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ǰĳºԸԷһħϤ֮ջǵħ
˿̣º˹˵ҼǴӦ㣬ҵҪҵˣ㲻һСʳԡ
һ˵ˣԭΪºһ֮û뵽Ҳ֮ˣǰ֮ǧ꣬һˣһȥ⣬ȴǴƣ񡭡Ǵˣȥ⣬̤뷽֮ˡ
˼䲻ڷ֮ˣĿǰڣԳº֮ǰ뿪ضȥѰйصǴ˵ȥˡ
λСǣ
ƣδ̣ǰγƺ
ƿǰλǰɵȻ𾴣˼ǿֻ߰ϧֻʣһԪ
º衣
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Сѷ˲ᣬȴĹͬһ㡣
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һѵЩ꣬Լг̫ԡԿģҲǳ
常Լͨʮ뿪Ƽұ常ϵ٣һ常ȴûκԹޡ
һ̣ǺȻȻһͨʮҲãʮҲãʵģһ
лǰָ㣬ˡ
šº΢΢ף˵ȥʵǰҵģ
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ǰ濴ȥһƬֻ˵ĺ֮Уʵʲôط
ả
ả
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ºߵôƺҪǰảǽȥ׼ʱҪôɱˣҪôɱ
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š
ȥգƺϵ˶ָһЩ⼸Ҳ˳㽫ʥһӵˣʥһɱˣҲĽļ֮УΪٻʹ
ʥһǰ̫֮Ϊ൱ߣһ̫صĸֱһʱȥảͲ˺Ҳһʵкڵǿߣ뺦¡
ڳº裬ϾޣԸֻ̫صˣѾΪˣһУܷ˳ảܷҵʦֻܿԼ
ʱֹȥգʱϵˣָ߰˰ˣº裬Ѿص֮Ԫ
֪ΪΣܸоºγ֣ȥƺЩƣˣ֮ǰ֮ʱЩ̫һʱȥʲôº費˵Ҳȥʡ
СӣҪǾȥảˣȥɣԪЩˣҪڻһʱ䣬ȵả֮ĸ֣Ҳ
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ȻһҲֻĲ²⣬º費˵ҲÿȥʣƼһɻӣʵôˣǰ˵ʲôˣ
ûʲô߰ɡҡҡͷСպã˱㼴ảˡ
һ֮ảһ룬ܵһĺ䣬ΧһƬţʯЩʯͷ棬֪˶ȥˣ˿̲ɱ֮Ψ׹ᾡ


1758 ˺
Ȼ֮ء
ƿΧЩİ׹ǣеѾãѾʯеĴŲ꣬ʬҰ
֮Ѿ棬Щ죬˷νảҲûгºǰ˵£ʱ̫ԶԵʣѾǧǰɱˡ
洦ɼʬǣǸһֲĸоЩսµĺۼǸһִĿ֮УһУһڸߺˣйĲпᣬŽˣʮоŸѾϵĿݹǡ
֣㿴
һգһϿϷĿȥ澹һѺۣϿȣȥҲƺȻγɣǱһġ
Ͽȵһһʯ壬ʯԿɼһ޴ӡѳӲݣȻܹĳˣġ
СһЩ
ջʶϿȣһ·ǰڼ価ȥЩѺۣЩѺۣ֪һֵģǴѾã֮ɴ⡣
ảΣգֻߣﱾеΣգкܶط޷ȥģѺĵطҲֻ취·
ֹȥգʱһɽϣΧɽɽһһ޾Щɽ֮䣬˽ƣУϸЩ󷨣ƺ˿Ϊ֮
мɽ壬Լʮŵÿһ棬ŲѲߣߵһʱˡһ£üһѪӡ˫ͫҲѪɫʹ˿ȥа
ԱߵˣŲյһɫۣ뷢ףüһӡ˿ȥɷǣȴаɭɭĺȫȻͬ
˵ˣҲ֮أħΪˣ֮Ŀʲôµ豭ﴵ˿һʵ
šԣһ¶˼ȥʵΪΣ
µһڲ裬輸Ϸȥһ˵ɱ˻ɱɣǰ׷ɱڤаڤҲˣôа𣬾ֻʣħһˡ
һ˵Ӳеһϣʵ⻰ʲô˼
ӲǱˣȴа֮һѪħµ˿ʵħǷǹʲôˣ
Ѫħϴ̫һս겻ȥʲôˣ
Ǿˡ
µۣ˵˵ˣ鷳ңΪξƫƫа鷳أ
ѵ
Ѫħ˫һѵаˣ
µ۰룬˵аˣ˵ˡһ˵ţһϵĲյ
ߣ
ѪħһߣҵҪǺηʥûͷۣ

һ˵֮ʱȻææܽһСӣǵŵӣ֪ʲô飬ŵáͨһֱϹȥʦʦ𣡲ˣ棬ˣǺʦס
ѪħһӣʲôˣҴҡ˴źȻʶʲôԵľ˿һۣ漴Ѹתͷſڵϵĵʵǿ壬˵ò
أʦĻ
ǵſڵϣֹ϶ˡһ£һȦӣȥʮ߰˵ӣһһ£˫ָ˱䣬Сͷǰ׵ġ
ѪħԳī°׷˪⡣һ̣аǴ򶨣ǵӵ֪ˣȳȥɡ
ǡǣǵӴӵŵö߶ȥˡ
ǵߺѪħһ±أľˣ˵ˣˣؿɵðҡ
Ҳա
ĲյصƶͳȥʲôˣҲδȫȻãħ鷳ġ
˵ţһһâȥ

ʱԶɽˣƺоѪħֵǼˣʱǿϢ֮£òȥûһ˸ǰϾҲ̤̫徳ˡ
ǰɽ壬˵˵ѪħЩ֮أ½Ʒӡס֮ˣᷨʯúÿŮӣǻᱻץߣȡԪħ
㿴úÿŮ𣿡濴˿ҡҡͷƺûС
ֵϣо𣿡ŴԣЦЦǲ٣ͿûǸˡ
˵֮࣬ǰһһѾӰͣ˶ǰ߲ԶѪħ;ˡ
Ŀƺϣƻδ̫徳磬ǲۣһΪȴЩƬֻ̺ƶ֪λСѣγƺ
һ
֣ѪħһˣѲɽգԼģԱ߾˲ɫʵ֪Сѽˣȴν£
λҪᣬ;أҵ·ͨħ򿪴˴ƣ㣬ֹȥ
ԣ˺Ѫħһֻۣ·
Ѫħа㣬Ǵ򿪽ƣСӲʹթɣ˵˵ǰɱ˻ɱɺڤˣ
ôħǶˡ
㡭
٩ѪħһԾ˽һһ²һ£СҲ鷳ģҿȥˡ
žԣѪħ˼ϸ룬һɱаյԼԼȴУǴ´˳ȥЩͼӴһԼЦǸղžԣҲеһ²һ£СͷСز¶ԼûҪġ
ѪħȻܳΪа֮һǾȻֲ֪˵çͷ࣬˿ֻ˿򿪸󷨣λѹȥ
߲˶һ£˸棬æȥ򿪸ţʱֻɽ֮ϵ𣬸ĽѾˡ
ƴ򿪣ЦЦյߵ֣Ļá
߰ɡ
ǰȥѪħ;ʱ˶ŵòʵСѴдҴң֪Ҫȥδ
ͣ˿ˣ˵˺䣬˵챦λĪǻ֪𣿡
Ŷ
Ȼˣ챦֣ȥԵúãɣɱ˶ᱦֻǱɱϰˡһ˵ţһ߼ǰȥ
վں棬˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵ǸգƶСѣ˺ټˡ
ûٴ𻰣뿪˴ֹ˼գڽảԭảаΪҵĵطÿ춼ŲͬɱɽЩȴ쳣ƺˣ˺Ǳȥˡ
Ҳãֻ뾡뿪Ȼ̫صΪʥһôǿһٻϾһ²һ¡
֮˲˺˴аͬȻ˳аǺ˺ȴһƬޱ޾Ĵ󺣣ӿԻˡֻǰؾ䣬ˮ౻֮϶棬ЩϿȹԨһס
벻ླȻһط
վڷɽ棬¸ӣһ׵ĺһ˫˫۾ʱĸо̾ȻĹ񹤣ϳЩƵɽ壬ص׵ĺɽٸоͷ֪⺣Ƿ޵ף
ûκˣȥĴºˮɿˣҲȻ޷ȥҪȥף̱ȵѣأʧΪ֮
ƣСġټȥˡ
ҪǺһЩʱֽ˻ƻعͷһۣ֣ôˣ
·һ׵ĺʶȻҲ޷̽쵽ȥ˵ҪЩ̫
ţ
һ˵ƺŷӦղźһʱһ亹Щȥɣ
߰ɡ
׼֮ʱȴȻеоһʹȻߣ֮ǰڼž֮ǹƵ֮ˡˡˡ
֣ôˣƼϺȻ¶һɷףʵͬʱ䱸
ꡭ
ʲô
𣿡
ʲô
𣿡
ܰǣ㣬Լ𣿡
ʲô
һ»عƵֹͣˣȻϴڼž֮أѩˣΨԼܹ
֣ôˣ
û¡
ҡҡͷ·Щڵĺȥһֻ̣ЩһɹظУǵصʲôΪֻԼ
Ƽʱ겻ӣͻȻ˸ˣС֣ҾáӦȥˡ
š
عԶ˿ʦĻϴڼž֮ûҵ˲˺ܹҵ𡭡
̼ǵһ죬ƴԼ֮һ˲䣬Լ˳ڤʥˣȴ˽ȥ
֪ΪΣһΣܸоЩԾ뵱·Ѿȥһʱˣһʱ䣬ȴûʦκһѶôߵΪ伸м֣ûκѶǾֻһֿܣĳطˡ


1759 
֮һϿشȥֻʯ½ϵɽϿȣֻǴ˴ʯ෺ڣʹѾȥǧ꣬Ȼɼﱻˮʴĺۼ
㿴ȻָԶһЩµĴ򶷺ۼ˵Ｘǰƺ
հѻ˵֮ʱԶȻһЦƣô˵ţ˵ֻɣ
ֻһڵĽʯ棬߳ʮӰЩĿƣűУӦаħ֮ˣ֪ĸŵˣ˵Щڲ˺·١
ιǱߵС˵أĿүү
ʮ˳ԽԽˣĴ˿˵ĳ񣬲ǰɣ
㿴𣿡
ûˡ
ιǳ۾Ŀ𣿡
ң
ָԼӣʮˣ̲סЦȥ֣˵ǳء
̵߯ģֻС񣬻Ҳү
Ϊ׵һ׳Ҫ˳Ȼһɾ粻֪Ӻδһ½ʮˣȫ˻ȥ
˭˭˭߯͵Ϯҡ
׳ʧɫĴȴκӰʱ󣬺Ȼһߵǰλɲʲôϵݣ۾Դȥ˲ɡ
ʱһӰҲųˣһīɫĳۣ˫̸ָɷǣҲûʲôаֻȴʮ˻һæС飬֪ǹһǰˣ˹һǰĵСȥ
š
߽סǣʮʱҶˣΪ׳һǰǰ·Ը
˿ʮ˵ǿ֪˿վǰ˭

ʮһȻϢΪԶԶˣǲ֪ΪֻǼģᣬ۸
ߵڼž֮ɱ˻ɱɣɱڤˡ
һ
֣аǿ˽֪ˣЩ˲˺ˣڶ֪ôһɷǣ˭ȥǣȺˣջһ
ССûۣүү·
Ϊ׵׳æԼͣȻ󾪿ֵؿɱ˲գۣǵģǶʬ޴桭ɱɺڤˣЩˣֱһ㣬ûˡ
ЦЦƿȥЦλСѣǰ֪ɻǵã
ȻϳԷϢˣڹɳǣһɫӡһħָסˣҲǣɳλĪġ桱
ԭǹǰһᡣ
ɫ糣ȴ룬ЩǧϹﶼ׷׳ˣʱˣԪ澳ɽ硢ĺ˻ģЩΪߵϹֻҲס˰ɣ
̫徳ΪʵЩ֮ÿÿ뵽һΪ峤ȡ壬вֶ˼Ȼˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦǲ֪ʱʲô˵Сѳҹһǡ
һߣʮ˼ʶ˿ɴʱȻҶ泯ǿȥʵʦأ

Ϊ׳һ̧ͷֿһ˵ĸǰʦ⼸λǰȥڶûŶ̫֮ǿҲҽȥԡ
Ծ͸ɴ·ˣ
һǰǣǡ
˰ˡ
ҡҡ֣ʮ˵δ˵һǰ˴ؾ䣬ı䣬Ǵȥɡ

ʮһǾ°Ͷˣôʲô𣿡

ʮæҡ֣Ϊ׳˵һǰǰɡ֪ģڵѺۣǼΪĸҸǰȣȥ磬һ¡
˵󣬷Щ˼ˣͷСҪǸǰָָ·ȻԸȥ𡭡
šҲС
΢΢ףҲΪЩˣ֮ʮ˶ʱһ㣬Χְ˽űȻһͨˣתƿһۣСѣСѣһ𣿡
Ƶã֣Ҫȥ
š߰ɡ
治ԣһ˲仯һǰȥ漴Ҳȥ
ʮʧķ򣬹˺Ƭ̲ŻһСʦ֣ҪۻǱ¶ˣǰˣҪǿʦϣָֽŶжˣҪһǰûˡ
̸ܡҿضضضضʦ

ơ棬ԵشĿȥֻǰ沼ѺۣһЩϿ˽ȥУٸߵΪҲ׶༪١
ˡ
۰룬üǰҲ˺ʱû̫徳ΪҲˣŶ̶꣬˺Ȼ£̫徳˽ȥˣСġ
ƿǰЩѺۣüЩѺۣӦöһǰǴؾµġ
ȥĪСѣ֪һЩ
ֻ˫ü΢ǰһԨѺۣ˵ȷһǰһʺ쳾ʱƵѺۣǰЩֲˣѰһʺ쳾ˣȴͻȻʧˡ
Ŷ
΢΢һǰߵѺۿȥ˵λСѣɸһ̽
߰ɡ
ȥѹ֮ǰʮ˲ҽѺۣ飬ĳ֮ΪҲд⣬ƣӲҴ⡣
һ·ҹҹƾǾţ˿⣬˿Ѿ˲˺ѺۣЩڲ׵ĺ᲻ͻȻܳʲôԶδ֪
һ·ϣҷ˿䱸ȻʱȻеؿһƣﴫһƺߣٶҲһ¼ࡣ
֡ôˣ
Ʋ̷˻ȥ˫ֽţǰߣҲͣ⸽ƶѺۣ˲ڴ˶ͣ˻λСѣǻܳס
޷
ɫȻЩ԰ףղǹļµĸоô£ѵѵʦΣˣ
ˣһΣһʦʱҲйͬļ¸Уѵʦ桭Σ


1760 غ
Сѡôˣɫ죬ʵ
ǰ濴˿ҡͷûʲôЩڽˡǰ棬ʲôط
תǰ濴˿˵ǰһǳ̲ãǹȥЪϢһټ߰ɡ
š
ǰȥһƽԣȻղû˵ܹоĪ֣Ӧӣ
˴Լһʱ䣬ڵǰߵǳ̲⸽֮ǰһ·ȥȫ࣬ûЩǳǳĹ֣ҲûѺˡ
ЪϢһʼüղŵļ֮УʦΣô
֣㿴Ǳ˹ˣǡȵȡ
ƶһƣֻһӰ߶еˣ֮ǰѪħǾ˻ÿ졭
Ѫħ;ˣһȥааͷһ˫۾ת׻ĺɱЩ˶ǴаģаҲ֡
ӴӴӴѵһѵһһ϶ϴǹɳǳˣٺٺ١
ߵĹ棬ааͷʱ˹һ߰źһڹϴ˲ˣŶ̶̼꣬Ϊ
Цһ̷аҲϴɽˡ
ǿɲǡޣǶ츣㶮øƨɽءʮ죬ʮأ˼
̷ааһ˵ţһֽĿתƵϣ´סСһһ϶㲻ǲͽ𣿡
ߣѪħ;˽ĬԶͷƣֻû뵽˾Ȼ͹һ
˿ֻһЦ˵ҿû£СΪͽ
ţСѡ
̷а˫һУ˿˿Ź֣һ·Ӧ˹ָ¶һľɫ㡭һ

Цһǣңòˡ
ҵθ񡭡
̷а˸ؿڣ˾һ㣬һ˫۾תҿҲûͷ۰ɱɺڤˣ˵ûûˡ
˴ٺһЦֵСӣɱ˻ɱɺڤŲٺñɣ
˿ôаǰҪ
ӴӴӴҲҡ̷аæҡȥٺЦаֻûɲ벽ĺ󳾡
ʱѪħ;˿΢΢һЦСѿɻǵã˵ǻڲ˺ټ벻ô죬ּˡ
ͦ졣
ԭͼٺ٣Ҿ˵ղŸԶͲԾ
̷а˵ʱһ߷ֺȻһ̶ɱСӣ
ף
̷аĿһķȥֻӰ߶һձ
ǹӣǻа嶾棬벻ôҲˣǰӲǻڼž֮𣿡
̷а˵ʱԶѾɽˣˣϴκһӽ֮سĹˡа嶾棬ֻ汻ʥһӵ˷סˣ˲ԴƷ˶˳ȥסЩ˵ߡ
ɱСӣԭ㡭㿴ҽþò棡
ɷɵߵĹʱǱšˤ˸ͷŵվվˡ
Ҳ޹֣صΪڶ֮Ƕ۷壬ҲҪȻҲǹ¶ϢȻԼ飬׼ǰڹɳʲô¡
ȥӣþòϻء
ᣡǸᣡ
ֻæҡ֣˵ȥʱ˰֣˰ˣѾȥôãҲùˡ
ԣ˿һֿ̣Ǹղţ˵Сѡ
ᣡǸᣡˣˡæվЦҸСѣϵء
Ŷ
ֽĿϣֻϻڼž֮أλҲƽ³
ǰɣǺǺǡ
ƤЦⲻЦ󰵰Ĩһ亹СӣʲôʱָɳǵϹϵˡ

ʱɫ˺ϹŽ֮أҲҹ֣֮˵ɫҿλڴЪϢһٶǰɡ
ˣҲáһͬ⣬֮ǰЩѺ˶Ѿƣˡ
һҹߣһʦ£޲һɵ˺ȥ
֮ٶ̣Խ룬طҲƣһЩΪǿЩ̫徳ĸ֣Ҳҿ֡
⼸Ҳƻõĸоǰڼž֮أص׷ɱ벻Ŷ̶£һ̫徳ĸƽƽˡ嶾Щˣ˵ԵСĽˡ
ΪһаŵĶΪʱɨصĶһۣΪʱЩ˸дҲҪ㿿£
ЩʵѼֲ֣ŵҲһС䣬˭㣿˲ˮС˶к㣬ǴԹ󡭡ʥһ˵û޹޼ֻǵ˵ϣͷˡ
֮һһ棬ǰ񸽽ˮѽߣԶȥȴһڿеɽˡ
ʮִ֮󣬼оԼһϣΧΡɽ壬ľ֣йڵĺ
磬ڴһߣ⺣һߣֱĿ࣬һʧϹ磬±һ׵ĺ˶ס˺Դӽ˺δ˴ĺǰһ·춼ܹȥԡ棬һ족ɣ
λǰˣ
ʱһߺȻѭȥֻԶжʮӰȴһЩŮ
Щ˿ȥΪ׵ǼˣƷ˲࣬аһеٮٮˣ̫ƷȽܳ󱲣аȻҲˡ
ǰˣ
Ȼļаˣϵù棬һµŮӣмģʣֻ϶ٴЩаӡ
ǿȥüʵʦأ
ԣ˶һۣǺŮ˵ʦ⼸λǰһǰȥ±ߣûѶ
±߿˿һü͸һʮֹصϢһĸо澿ʲôط
±ߣʶ̽ȥʶκһ˶Ҫ񣬿ɾʶ޷̽Ǻȥ


1761 
˿ʵСѣ̽쵽ʲôһ߻ҡҡͷʶ޷̽ȥ
ʮа˶ӦԼ˲࣬ΪθоǰͿģ
š
˵ͷ˵±߹Ī⣬Ϊȥȹ۲켸գǵɱ˵ɡ
̷а֮óȻȥһ£ʣЩС桭ǿɾѰˡһ˵ţһš깬ļŮӡ
ֻþ͵Ӫ֪ΪΣ˴ЩЩ߶ȽţҪҸطϢһ¡
ʱڸߴһɽϣмŮ³Ĳ֪ʲô
ʦʦ㣬쿴ȥǱˡ
Сӣʲôˣܺ͹ǰһ𣬶ҡûͦεģľګһ㡣
ۣʦ㣬㿴ĵģˮ㲻ǿ˰ɣ
߿߿Ϲ˵˵С⻰ʦˡ

ҹʱţ˶˴طЪϢʱһ±ߣ¹ɼſһŮӣС·غҹ֮ǳһɹ֮С
Ҳ֪ʦʲôʱŻ
Ů̾ãվ׼ȥ֮ʱһתȴǰһӰŵܷӦһˣЩ¡
Сʦֶţ
һ§һ½˻Ůһס˺̷̷ǰô㡭㡭
Ǻǣҹ룬СʦֶҲ
̷аһЦ˵ʱȻδŮÿŮǡ깬ɱµӣ֪ǰ̷аϲŮɫʱɫ΢΢һףСңûˣ̷ǰ㣬һȥɣʦǻء
ǺǡǶ˯ˡ
̷аٺһЦ˺ˣ̫ûŮˣһаԣɱͽܵⶼҴҪɱ֪ˣֻҪǻն˲ɡ
ǰ𣬱ãá
̷а۽һ˳ƽŮӵ·Ůһһףֲҷֻ̫òҡͷ̷а
ȻԽˣ̷аԽ´󶯣ٺ٣ɶõġҼΪ缸λʦ㣬ЩԪ㣬깦⻹ã
̷аһ߳ջһ߸Ǵ󵨣·֣ҲʼҶ

ŮӱһһǾ깦һˣǰҪһʦ֪ҵġ
ôأ㲻˵Ҳ˵ٺ٣˭֪Сʦֶ˵ǲǡ
ǣǡǡǰ𡭡ʦ֪ˣҵġ

һߣϥȴҲ޷ģ˼ԽԽңʼͷʹԼ亹С֣㻹ڵ𡭡
Ƭ̣۾˵֣Ҫ붨ܰһ𣿡
š
ü΢˫ƹһˣıϣ漴ѾаûúЪϢˣЩ̫ţֶ̫ʶѾʼȥʲôˣӦԡ
ֱҹ֮ʱ붨ûã侹ʦںԼ
ʦʦ𣿡
ߣǧҪߡ
ʦ˵ʲô壬ʦ
ߡΪʦ߲ˣǧҪߡ뿪ˡߣ
ʦʦʦ
ʦʦ
֣֡ôˣ
ѾˣоѣѾ亹ʪƼɫɷѿʵ֡ôˣһֱ
ʦʦ
δȫعؿĹغɫʣ⺣Ҳһɴһ㶣𣿡
ǲΣҿģǲΡʦ棡
ʲô
ƾѹһ½סˣ֡Ҫʲô
ʦ棬Ҫȥ
ȵȣ
Χ˿ѹչ˵ˣȹ۲գǵɱЩ֮ҪȥҲҪ취һ֣㲻һ˵ж
֮ʱжܿ죬⸽˶ˣ߷˹
¡
һ죬ֻĺһƱˣȻ棬мӰٷ
ʦʦǣ˶±ߣ֣ʦʦ
ߡߣ뿪
洫һеϱߵ˶סˣôˣʦǣѵʲô鷳
ߣ뿪


1762 ɱ
һӰ±ϣͷ׷ɢڼϣģϣһӣһѽɽѾϣϵ·Ҳ飬ʮǱ
ʦʦ
м˹ȥ׷꣬аɱһǧǰɱڣӴһ
ʦʦˣ
һߣŮҲźֻһӰ±ϣͬɱһҲһѽɱǱģԵöׯ࣬ȻΪɱ֮ϡ
ȥֻѩȴֱ˪а֮ˣһۿȥȴʥӣһɳ
ɵɶɶħˣһ࣬ȴʤˡ
ʦʦ
мŮΧİӣ깬˳ơɱӡླ˼ɵаħ֮ˣֻҪһ֣Ǳ˲еһ䡣
ֻ飬˲䣬ضȡòжɱľж£а˸ȥ
Ϊòȴ˱£ǶһЩòúÿӣǳֺ飬˴ԣһǧǰҲˣȴĽʦ֣ƭȡʦҩʦţҩʦһ˷£ʦһ˵ɽ磬ھ⡣
ʦʦ
ʱһµŮųų˹Ůӣ̷а°ưŮӣɱһۣһâ漴Զ̷аȥ
̷аײĿ⣬еһëȻЦɱӣ棬зʲô
ɱӽ˻ȥ䵭ɱɡ
ʱһߣҲеͷһ䣬ÿµɱղһ˲䣬˶ûо쵽ʶɱϣܵһҲɱ
Ůӻܰɱص֮Щ¡
ʱһӰطģһ뷢ף÷ȥмɷǵߣһϳˣǰʱ䣬˵Ҫ˺ӡ
СѣôҲˣȻҲһϳʱǰ
ɱ±ߣ׷£
ʱ˹ɱҲˣʱһЩɫЩɷף亹乣˵뿪
ʦʦأʦôûʱм±ߣκ±Ҳ˷ˡ
һǼɱ˹ɱ㿴ʦ𣿡
ɱһʱѾ侲۵ˡǣȫˣֻˣ˳
ʲô
һ£ڳ˶סˣʹѪħЩɱħͷʱ϶¶˾ɫ
깬깬
ʱмŮɱ˹⼸ˣŮģеʩ˷һƤŮӻ𪣬Ǻϻĵӣʦкϻӡ
깬ʦأ㿴ʦ𣿡
˼еɱѯʦڴҪ֪ʦǷȫϧɱӵĻشԵ飺ˡ
ʲôܣܡ
ϻļˣһȫˣͬԶһЩˣ±߶ʱ޵úأ
һߣѪħһľ˲ɫŴʱˣɣǼˣˣ˵顭
˿±߿޳һƬЩˣüͷһ壬ǰʵǰɷ˵˵Σ
ҡҡͷСòʱ򰡣桭ȥˡ
뿪˵
ʱɱǰʵɱ±ߣʲô
ǰɱ˵˵棬ʲôʱһֱԲɫľˣҲȥ
ɱĶϽǶϽ˵ϣ˵ħ
ħ
Ѫħ˫һҪ˵ħĻмħ֮ˣɱ֪ʲôϹŴħ
ϹŴħ
ԣˡа˾һ֪еġħָʲôħ֮ˣֻħ֮ˣǧ꣬޳ħ棬ҲˣʲôϹŴħ
ħ˵ǰͳʧˣǸ仹лŵϹħǴ˿ɱƺֲڿЦ
һԣ⼸ˣʲôħǹһħ᲻±ҵʲôǼɱˡҲûܡ


1763 ̽ħ
˿ֻ̣ǰߣɱɱпǴħʲô
Ŵһ˶Ŀɱϣһ˵ʱΣʮΣҵֻħӿڵǴħʲôȴ˿塭
ɱôλΪ˵ЦǿµħХ֮һǵϹŴħʲô
ԣϸϸ˼һʵǿǸܵħϢ
дʣɱȥѣѵҲңҡҡͷֻ֪ģʲô
ӺɱӶһɱŵƺûиܵκĴڡ
⡭
һ˵һ¶ɫûϢѲɣһȥĴħ
ôܣȥĴħ
˲ҡͷ˵һȥĴħ̫徳ǿǺţ˵ȥ˭ţ
ɱҲãҲã֮Σ뿪˵±ߣĿǰȥˡ
˵
ʱվ˳˶ȥɱӵĿ⣬Ҳϣƺʱע⵽
ʲôˣ
ȻɱҲһۿĲͬѰ䲻󣬿ɴʱΪϢȻ̫徳أôܣ
ʲô˲Ҫղ˵ÿһҶšΪҲƵ龰
ɱĿһϣСʲôͷ䣬ᳬһӣôϾһǧĹ˴һǧĹѰ֮ܳ
Ŷ̷а˫΢УźСѣҲȥĴħ

ڳһۣ˵ǰȥһħڣĵطʱʮˣһȥħħһƣ㽫ʮˣȫ桭ʱʮˣ߸Ϊħħ֪ħȥµĲħѣΪǲ˽ƣ
˿Щٲΰ룬˽ŽɣЩϸ룬ɱȥ˵ĳϲӦˣҵħڣͬΡ
һ£˶ϸϸ˼ֻͨͨһӣĻ˵ôá
ʱҲתСѣ㷽ԣ棿
λţһۡ
˵ţָһüһ㣬ü֮ϣʱһħӡǣ˼֮󣬾һħ֮ʶ
ǵ꣬ħĲÿϵħ֮ʶ޷
ʵħ֮ʶǵڻȪȵص֮£ħһħ֮ʶħڣã֮ҪƭЩţĿȻҪЩˣȥһˡ
һΣ˶ղŵĻŲˣɱҲϸϸ˼ѵġֻһħһδ̫ˣǾʲôơ
ɱӵ˿ǻȥһˣ֪ôˡ
㻹Ҫȥ
ɱȥ¶΢΢ɫ˵ղ˵йСһЩɸոմô죬ȥðΣա
ɱӲˣҲĬˣЩˣаǿˣ̫֮ǵô׵ģĸǧнճɾͣ
ϧһǿޣ˼Դͻһأڷ֮Ǹ붼ȥģȥ⣬̤뷽֮񣬲òգרȥһЩϹŽ֮أѰԵԪݽǰҵͻƵİ취
һ֮˵Ѱ޷ʲôϹŹЩ˲һʲôǶԶѾû̫ˣͻ⣬̤֮ǵ׷󣬷Щ֮ð֮գ
ʵǰǱ˺ֻʱܶطȥһǡϴ˴ؾ䣬һЩطѺ۴ˣǲ档
޹Ҳٵȸٰʮ꣬ʱһ̽ʱֻܷʣǾ˵ˡ
˵ΪǿСһЩȥ̫Щ˻ûҡɱΪأ
ɱܿЩ˸ղС˵ڶȥһ̽С˵ҵϹŻԵԼȥĻǰһˣ죬졭βϵȥ죿ϹŽ֮أǷоܣ
ɱӣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ԶɱӿȥɱӳĬɫȻˣѾ׼ãȥһˡ
ӣҲҪȥ
ɱɱѾӿȥӽϣһŵӴȥһΣҲȥ޷
ʦ
ϱߵĵȴǸģһΣô죿˵ζ˼λǰ֣ȥ棬˶еġ
Ϊأ濴ȥʵ
š
ϸһ濴˿ʱҲƲƬ̣ڵλȥһ̽ôȥɣֻǴ֣ΪӦѡһ죬ȵ棬ʣ˶Ҫ¡ҡ
̷а⵹Ǹð취Թ֮أ
ʱһվ˳ŪɳʹԵЦһǰߣȻɹһǰˡ

˵꣬ȥΪ֮ˣСãǰСйƵľҵˣӦ֮
ԣڳ˾һһСӣôǰ֣վҲɫһϼһ«ʲôҩ
濴΢΢һ̧֣СѣΣ
֮⣬ֻǹǰֻùˣֻǲ֪λ
˴ɱӡɱԼѪħˡ̷аˡ嶾桢а˿˿
ɱӵˣȵǸطҵȱΪװɡ
ɱӶԣˣҲĬˣת˿ƣ˵ƣϱ߰ɡ
ǣ֡
˵ȥִˣ֣˵ΣξҲֻΣʦܿ棬ұȥҲ֪ʲô಻֪ᷢ£㣬桭Ѿ·ֻ̫صˣǰԸ
֡
ƲüһؿȻһöӲӲԭͰһ׼ˣѳǰڻԼϣԼǲΣˣһ
š
˵ͷ漴תȥ˵λھȥ𣿡
²˳٣ڰɡ
˲ԥ־֪֮ͨ±ΣգҲûʲôõӵģϱߵĵǣۼȥˣ޲ɫҰס


1764 
±ߣȻǱж죬濴ʱ޵ףɵʱҲֲָߴԼܹֻʯһЩƵĹ¥Ǳˮûĵط
˿ܹʮһˣɱСĽѾûǴħΣϢȻ¡
ǰһξ룬ܿһЩѺˣЩѺۡеʮΣգеģܽĵط
ʵħǸطȥҪã
ɱӵǰȥǸطʧˣһΡһǰһΣܹȥ߸ˣҵһЩ֮϶ǰ˴Լʱ䣬ҵǸط
˿ٴεҲ˵ҪȥͬҪϰµʱˣ
ɱӵԡ
ʱһǰǴΣɱӵһǸطģ֮ǰڼž֮أҲ֪˺﷢ʲôһΣ˲ˡ
ʱֻոʱЩ˵ǱЩȥˣõȥ˵
˵˴ͣһżǻɣǸطܴһ޷磬СӦ˵Ϲžʮɣ
ʮ硭
ɫ΢΢һνʮ磬ȷеָŸ죬ʮ磬Ƕ̫ʱڣͳƶѣ˼Ϊһ磬ڤΪһ磬Ϊһ磬Ϊһȵȣ졢졢ЩΪʮĸ족
ֵǸطܷӡһ졯
죿
ʶһƬһۣƬ޾գ·ܹһ棬Ȼһ족˵ȥţ
֤ʵˣֻ²ɿླһʺ쳾ԪǱߣطߣΪ𾪡
ɱӽŵǵطħ죬Ĵһ졯롭ҲȻħ졣
ħ졭
˫һ΢΢˵죬죬ħ졭
˿̣˵ţͻȻ뵽һΣڶ񺣼Ŀֲ棬ƺƷ֮ϣȻħ졭
һɷһħ졭
һͳԺͬʱڵħԪҲӦһ㣬֮ͻȻһȡ
СѣôˣͻȻɫ죬ʵ
ع·һƬһۣ˵˿еԤоǺǻֻҡҡͷû£֮һСȵ˵ɡ
Сȥ֪˶ãһ֮϶ǰ棬һƬʲôҲֻһɱš
ɱǰԻһЩǣʱɱӺӿһۣʵǵˣҪٻصǸط𣿡
ȻǸطѾΪڣɱӺӽԲѾѵ۷ȥ
ɱ˿˿飬ǷȥˣͷãǾٻȥһˡ
˲ԥ֮϶ȥ±ûҹ棬ʱ䣬ȵһħ֮ʱѾȥ졣
ȵȡ
±֮ɱԵøСģ·ֻصǸجѾȥգǰߣвħ
Щħڵнǳ֮˶ԣȻģʮһˣȥͲħɷ֮ʮˣҲѰܹ֮ħ
ǰЩԭΪ˺޵׵ģھȻҲ±ǲգ֪ʲô΢΢ʹܹһԶһ㣬޷ˡ
һΣ󵽵ĵط
̷аǰ棬ϸǰ뽫ʶ̽ȥȴ±߲֪ʲôƻΣʶȻ޷̽ȥ
СһЩҪҷʶ
ɱǰ棬üͷ壬ҪֲСľǴħ¾ûϴôõˡ
ɱӵǰŽƣǲСĴЩƣΣλ˵˰ɣ
ʱ˶ˣ˵ЩˣŴͨˣ֮£ҲȥСѣ㿴Σ
λԺ󣬽Һ漴ɡ
ǰȥ±ǰ̽ȥܴ˴ŲƣҲ޷ʶ̽ȥħԪϵȪȵħһħ֮ʶ˴ʲôħڵһʱ䷢쳣
Լһʱǰ潥ˣȻܹԼԼһЩƵĹŵЩŵģʮֺ󣬸˽δ뵽˺棬һ磬棬ĺ䶯
һ¡
ʱȻͣţʱͣ£ȥСѣôˣ
ǰЩƣҪ취ƿ
ǰŨǰʲôҲ壬ȴܹоĳֽɣָоħڣʱ
ߡ
£ǰ·˸нƵĵطҪôƿҪôƿ˰£Ѿ뵽棬ط˹죬ɱӵˣ֮ǰҲû
ȵȡ
ʱ̷аȻͣϴżɻ󣺡ѾˣСѣ㵽Ҫȥ
һˣȥʼո˵ģǱģܸоЩԣȴ˵
ʱҲͣ΢΢תͷ˵ǰԺ⣿ȻȥǸӡġ졯ˡ
˴˴ðΪȥѰǸʧϹ磬Ҳ֮ǰ˵ġ족ţҵǸ족ôضܹҵԼҪĶʲôҲʲôϹŷܹͻȥĶǲðΣ
Ǵ˿̷аɻҲͻȻʶƺ¶һСӵĻСԪúܣȫһȻˣֺιð֮գСʲô
˴ʱԼ˻ɣ˵˲ɣ˲áλŲĳֺαĳǰߣ
±ĿȷʵѰʦƾһ˵棬طĽƣҪ˺ƿ
̷аۣ˵ҲǻСѣֻǡ˴ǰȻһϢһ˾
عͷȥֻǰ棬˼ӰϢʮֿ£˵ˣɢ
˸ԥ̷ֿͬʱԼıзʱһӰȻǰվԣȴɱӡ
˺󡣡
ɱһѱĳ֣Ȼڶ˵˻Ҫ죬ǲʧǰֵʲôƺɱӱÿ˶


1765 
Сġ꣡
ɱţȻһ֮ʱȻûҲһЩ꣬Щˣûκʶֻṥκ
ɷɷɷ
ŨɢȥǰĻӰԽԽ˶ס˺ʱӺȻɫһȵȣԡδ䣬ǰӰ֣ӰȻǡ
ˣɱɫһ䣬һۿͷȥôᡭ
ֻӰɫɷףûκϢȻѾǻˡ
ɱ俴Ӱ˵ѾǾͷˡġ
֮ʱͷ˺Ȼһ¹˹ˣм꣬ͬʮ
ˡңס֣ˣ
ɷɷɷ
Ѿûʶˡģ
飡
ֳһ±û󣬵ȥֻʣ˵Щ꣬Ѿǲ˲޷ɱǣ취뿪
ݣݣݣ
ɱ佣ʹЩµ꣬ɲð֣Ѹǰһһֻ꣬˵ӣߣ
ߣɱӺ͹棬Ѫħ˶Ϻսˣһ·һȥ֪˶ã˦Щ꣬ʱڣѲ֪ʲôط
ȵȣǡ
˶䱸ֻ⸽๬Щʮΰһ㹬ֻ࣬Ѿã֪ħ
Ǹо𣿡
̷аһ·ԼԼܹܵһ˿ͬѰϢƺ⸽ĳֿĽ磬磬Ҳһء
˵ش͸һɹ죬λСΪϣҪ׿Щŵ
ǰߣ˵֮ʱ֪Ȼһ춯ЩߴĹҡϷĳ䡣
СЩ
ѾоˣʦڸȻ⸽ʱһ̹⣬һӦʦ
¡¡
ʱΧĹŵȻҡһЩѾʼˣͻıʣ˱򶨣춯ȴԽԽǿһգҲҪһ
ʦһΪʲôһϢҲо־ʲôط
⸽ҪˣСġ
˺һڻʱΧĹŵѾʼʯͬʱһ͵ĽɢˣֻòֻʶܣǽȴԽԽͣΧѺۡ
һ£ʹڳλ̫徳ĸ֣ҲɵñɫһЩѺûᷢʲô¡
ģ
һɲǣԲʮѣĹŵǿ֮˺£˲ҷǿľ֣Ҳδܶһ˲䣬㱻Ѻ
ʥһӣ
鼱֮£Ҫٻʥһӵֵȴ֣֮أȻʥһӺͷڵҲ޷ٳ
¡
һ죬Χճױˣֻȫϣһ˲䣬Ѳ֪ںεأʱ־һطֻĽƣƺøӹˡ
ӡǰ
ȴκλһԶŴһСӣˡû䵽
ĿȥֻԶһӰ˾Ȼ̷а
̷аΧ˿˵ֻˣ취뿪˵
˵زһأΧʮޣȥһϹŽ󷨣ƺ䵽
СӣħԪǲ
Ȼ̷а˹ϴһ˿Цһ䱸ܣһôҪ
ǺǡЦѣСѲ˽š
̷аЦЦһǰȥں棬δɾ裬ٻʥһӣ̷аʼգһֱΪ˶ѾصΪһ·ʱ̾ˡ
ǺǡҵЩ棬㵽ɱ˻ɱɺڤ˵ģ
á
ŶǺǡ
̷аЦЦȻǰ棬ں棬ʼոоЩգ˾һǰһţ˵ˡ
Լʱ䣬̷аȻͣ˫ָ󣬶Ҳֻͣǰ棬ԼԼһӰ
ɱӡô
ǰǵӰģģЩУ̷а˫ɷ󣬵ȴܹʱİɱ
Сѡġ
˿̷̣аԣһɲǣҲˣǰǵӰúɱ


1766 
ɱӡô
̷аһ䱸ţһٴǰǵԼԼӰһڣһӰ˳ֻѩɱӣֻǸղǹɺɱǴ
ҡ
ʱɱ˹̷аҲ˿н䱸ջأ˵ɱӣֻһ𣿡
ûпˡ
ɱ˶ǰֿ˿ֿ˿ʱķʵأǷ񿴼ˣ
̷а΢΢һ˵Ӧû⸽ֻǸղҹʱֻСѡ
Ŷ
ɱһۣʵӣûп𣿡
֪ΪΣʼոоɱϲһʮֿµɱƫƫɱ˻ֻһعˣûпˡ
ʱ˶ˣΧ˿˴ڣһ磬һʮ޵Ŀռ䣬˾Ǳһܹס̫徳ǿߵĵطҲ룬֪жˡ
ҿûг·ɡ
ɱתǰȥ̷а˿ʾϣ˾һ·˴˽䱸ͬʱҲѰҳȥķ
ͬûҹ棬ʱ䣬Լȥ죬ȻûҵȥķȷӦһϹ档
Щһ룬ͬĳصУҲ޷ˣȻʱţ󷨽Ƽǿ档
ʱĳ˵УƬ̣ؽΪһ̯Ѫˮ֮ĻΣЩȷʵ¡
ʱڣȻĳϹŽɴ󣬾ЩѰܱȣ˴˿źаִġ
ֹȥգһʱҵһϹż̳ĵط̳ʮ֮󣬿ȥҲǳ죬Ǽ̳ߣʮֹĵ
ԼĪʮߣ֪ʲô֮һʮɭĸоͷˣ˫ؿڣұ˫һѽԼࡣ
ʲô
ɱһüĵ̫ɭֲˣ֮£ҲǼ̳ߣһѪأѪΧʺѪڤ͸һʮϢ
ӦĳϹż̳ȵȡ
Ȼͣڼ̳м䷢һЩֵķģһЩתʯָ̣ǿǳڡСһȥ
Ƭ̺Źּ̳ϣķģȴ޷Щʯͷת̣Ҳ׳ԣŪ
ʱΧȻһ춯ţ̳ߵѪһѪˮ̳ͨϵĹۣ˷棬̳ʱһѪ⣬ߵĹҲȻ˼̳ϵˣͻȻһĿˡ
뿪̳ɱһȥȻȴҡҡͷѾˣǿ
ֻķգȻ̳˹ͬʱһɼǿĽƣɱӺ̷аɫ΢΢һ䣬ղţǴĽƣ˲룬̻ص˼̳档
Ψ̳ǰȫģʱһãѹ̳Ҳһ˲ҷ˸
ż̳ķӡ˵ΨƬ֮ǰ̳ˣߡ
ԣɱӺ̷аһۣҲԥ̳Ѱ
ʱһһȥΧĽѾԽԽǿķҲѾԽԽ£ˣԶɽԨȣ𣬻ΪޣһʱһƬնڡ
һ㣡
ԽԽȣȻ˸޷ҵ򿪼̳ķСĴһЩƺʹΧգԽԽˡ
⡭
̷аʱ̨棬ҲѾܹܵΧѹĽϢˣѵҪ˲ɣ
ȵȣǿ
˿̣Ȼע⵽˼̳ߣµѪأԼѪΧڤȻ̳ʮ־ܣ֮ᴥĽơ
һ̣ɱӺ̷аҲʲôˣ˵Ϣ̫ǿ̳ƣʹʧ⣬Լʹ⿪зӡҲ޷̳򿪡
˵һ㣬һˣ˵Ѫ̳Ѫ棬Ѫأ̳Ȼʹˡ
ķڲ𣬿ɼ̳֮ϣȴȻùİվڼ̳棬һ̶˵ˣȻ֪ô£˴˽䱸š
ԽԽţһɲǣָܵһɱɱɱɱӡ
ȵȣǿʲô
ʱ˿̷̣аƺɱվλãƺЩãɱӣұ
䣬ɱϵɱѾԽԽˣ̷аȻҲϵɱ˵УһɱӣɱСӣħԪѵҪ𣿡
ɽţһ˲䣬ܵһɱɱǴ̷аϴ

һɲǣɱȳˣ⺮â̷ֱаȥ̷аϵᳯԼɱҲ׼һһаɭɭĺڽס⡰ɱĽ
ɱӣҪɱң
̷аĿ䣬סɱӡɱĽͬʱȥһСѣɱػɱ㣡
µƣҪģ棬㿴֮⣬˵ǰ֮ĶԹ»ǲˡ
£һԣһ߿һ߼ѰŴ򿪼̳ķƺɱӺ̷аʹΧ𶯵ԽԽǼ̳ߵѪأѪˮҲӿֱٳߣĴߵħ档

ɱӽɱ䣬֮ϣѪ͸̷аɫһף֪ɱѡɱĽʮамܵУڤնɵ֣ԼġаɱĽĶ֡
ɱӣҵҪƴƲɣ
Ϊͽ飬Ҳ֪𡭡
һɲǣɱеĽˣ̷а΢΢һʱҪŪȥ˵ʲô
Щ£Ҫ˵ϸһЩô
ɱۺ䣬һݳ͡һѪɽ̷а·һʱȫһһȥһ߼˵Ըģ
ߣ
ɱӽ䣬̶Ƭ֮䣬̷аʮལѪ죬£ͷ¶ˣȥΪֲǰѺɫаҲɱӵġɱĽնˡ
֮У޷ʩųЩص̷ͨаֶɱӵɱĽƾ֣֮䣬ˣȻڼ̳һߣɫ


1767 
ۼɱеĽԽԽ̷а磬ɱӻδʩչµľСɱĽһʩչɱĽֻԼ̾Ҫڴˡ
һأڻˣҪסʱ䣬ָԼĹ˵ɱӣлŮ֮飬ԼЩϾҲͰˣƾʲôҪµҲһֲĹ

ɱӲԣһݺݴ̷аæرܣֵͺϣϢ֮Ů֮ҲһЩϻ鰮ѾˣƾʲôΥȻɣ

ɱţһ͡һѪɽ̷аʱһҽУһ
鼱֮£˫һϣץסֻƵСָָʱϣѪ飬ֻʣָˣۼָҲҪϣһɿ㱻ɱһĶˡ
㡭
̷аѪһɲǣϺȻҲգӽƴˣûضҪһǧ飬ɱ㣡ӣ·ж࡭
£ȫѪʱѪ֣ǲϧȼѪԪһѪԪȼʱҲɡ
¡¡
Χһ¾üһ˿ķѾֻ̳ҲŲסˡ

У̷аȼѪ֮ȻɱӵĶ֣ǱɱĽ޵һκҲס̷аѾԼзɱ꺮ɱĽ£ͭ졣
ɱĽɱĽͬɱأʮԶе󵨺Ů˹Ȼÿ£ɱĽô
ܹĽǱȻˣʦı｣ɱԶԶûء

̷аһҽУֱɱӴһ˼˳ȥҪߣʱΧѾҪ𣬼̳ҲҪˣüͷ壬ȥֻ˽Ҫﲻɡ
̷аɹһ˲䣬ָһһ̷ָаȥ̷аϵⱳͻָ顱һָУʱȫһһͣסˣҲֻô̶һɲǼ䣬ɱһ͡һﴩ˹ȥ
㡭
̷а˫ĿԲѪŬתͷʵؿһ㡭
ɱ㣬޹ء
ͣ
ɱӸԥһ̷а׼ʬӰ׹ѪҺ̳ѪۣȻΧʱֹͣˡ
˿̷аʬ壬ɫϸ˿У̷аվԼġɫ档
¡¡
ֹܸͣˣƬգδֹͣɱӶһۣʱĬվڼ̳ߣһǵȥ֮£̳м䣬Ȼһ¾ʹˡ
ߣ
˸ԥƬһ˲䣬Ǽ̳мѷǰʱһƬڣʱģΧһƬ
ô¡
ɱӺû뵽һ¾һطϰϰŨĻ㣬컨裬ⳡֱξһۼ˺棬һƬֲǻþξ
һЩ
ɱĽڵѪһһΣ˽µĻ֮ϣԱߣܶѾʱΣգҲҷκһ˿裬Ůˣɱ̫ˡ
ã̲ľͷȷǣǻþھʲôطһʱҲ˵
ˡˡˡ
ʱͻȻƵ֪ǴﴫȴػʮֲЭ
ôˣɱǽĽȻͣʵ
𣿡
ԭزҪҵ֮Ǵﴫɱӿ˿Χʵʲô

ɱϿ˿ң˵Լ𣿡
ԣһ£漴ƷĿڣȻȻɣһģһʱֵԼ
Ǻǡ
ʱ֪ȻһŮӵЦ֮ɱ̾ʲôˣ
ǺǺǡɱģּˡ
ЦԽԽ컨֮УȻһɫѵŮӣŮӷ֬þ֣ϸ֮£ƺֻһꡣ
ӡ
ɱһǰŮӣȻǺϻӣǶԷӦѾ˲Ŷԡ
Ǻǡ
ӿһЦҪ㣬±ߣ㡭ûӵóȥԱˣ˭Ǻǡ
عǻеĺŮӣȻһ۾Ϳˣ֮ǰˡһŶѾǡħꡣ
ʱɱһĴˡ
ڻ֮ʱӺȻչ˹ƣˣͱ뿪ˡ
Ƽӹɱ˿ԥгһһȥ컨ʱĻ꣬ʱҲǱ˷ĽС
ɱӸղ̷аսһʱδȫָԪֻɱҪԥҶȥ
ǺǣҪ֡ɱң
һЦ˫һĻ꣬һѰѷĵУ˹˹
һ̣ҲԥˣǰɱӲһԸӣȻãӿô˴ΣɱӺķԪҲδ˵ӡ
ǺǣôǶô죬Ͳˡ
컨֮УֳӵӰɱĿ䣬һɲǣʲôһ˵ӣȥҺߡ
ղŰװ׺ķ๦ʱԥȥ˺߻ָԪһֻ̣ɱ˫һ̧ǰɱĽͻȻϣҲ˲㺮佣
ǿĽʹ˿ںߣҲеһϣɽȷʵǿ
Ŷ
ӵһЦɱɱĽǧһ֣ʱ꣬Ҫʹ⡮ɱĽôǾ֪ġɱδȫɣǿжɱĽֻҲҪɣ
㣬ԡ
ɱӡɱĽѳɣһɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫһɱĽƾջǧѣƲɵĻ꣬ҲƬƬ㣬÷顣

ӷһХɱĽ£Ǳ޿ɱܣʱںߣҲɵһϣɱĽ
𣡡
ɱһֵɱĽնӵֵסջɢֻһԶԶԻΪۣҪ˳˼ζȻͬ޾
֮ʧĻҲƬƬƮȥɱɫһף﷢һƺߣѸȥ

׿ղɱĽҲֵסɱֻصΪΪʥһҲĶְɣ
ɱû˵͵ϥ˹ɫָ糣һϢƽ֮󣬲Զȥ˵⻨ƽ֮
£ɫں棬ãҲͷڣŨĻ㣬֪ΪΣﾹЩˣһ뵽ղ欵ģһֿ컨Ӱ˸裬һգֶֻۣʧˡ
ôˣɱӼ죬ͣת
ҡһͷʹԼѹɵ̧ͷʱȴɱϺϼĽ˵ӣ㡭ôô졣
ʲô
ưĺɱʶϣһ̾ϳޱȣδйˣô£ѵǸղԼ˹ˡ


1768 
ӣ㡭û°ɣ
ﻨϺϼʮ߰ŮģΣίʵѣ֪ΪΣһʱ̲סӿ죬·ǰģɱӣһδ룬ǰá
㡭£ϱ˵
ɱҲ֪ΪΣʱ˵ĸоһ˵ѸŤͷȥȴֲһô£ղԼǰСŮеĽ̬ԾԾ
ﻨԽԽŨвɫĺڶԣһ̣ɱҲ΢΢һеϣԽԽȡ
ңߣ
ɱŬʹԼѹһ·һɵ㣬ʹԽԽ죬㣬֪صĻǴɱɢġ
ãĻ裬ǻԹһôҲ߲ȥôҲͷ
ɱǰ棬ʱֻеԽԽ̣ҪŸˣֻ޲ȫǺ̶棬֮ʱǰˮ뵽ʲôʲô
㿴ǰˮ
ҡ죬˵
ɱҡҡλǰϪˮȥϪˮγˮһһˮϽȥ֮Լᣬϵ·ˮʪˣżɢ㡣
ҲϪˮߣˮʹڣĨȥʹԼһЩһ̧ͷȴɱΣˮεСţһˮδȥŻһȫ˳㣬ܱܲˮˡ
ɱ̧ͷһۣʲô£߿ҡ˵̧⽦ˮϴȥ
㣬㡭
ˮȫˣĨȥϵˮһ̿Ϫߵɱӣ֪ôֻеһѣΣɱôأΪδʱɰ
ɱҲ˸ô£ԼղšղСŮе̬ԾԾ
һɲǣ˲ƺʶ⣬ͬʱ㡭𿿽ң
һ˵꣬ͬʱ˸ɱѸתͷȥҴææЬ࣬չṦϪˮ԰ȥĽڰߣȻϡ
Ľ
߹ȥڰߵĽʰɱĽǱ䣬ɱأǴ˿ȴ֪ΪΣﾹеһȣϻϵĵ㡭

ҡһԴ漴ҲɵϪˮȥĽá
ɱӴʱֻеȫȲѣִû˽ȴδȥææǰȥ⣬ҿңɱ㣡
ǰһɱѾʼӿʹиܹǿнҵѹȥؿڴȣȴԶԸ

գֻһΣһԵȥѸǰס
˫ַϵһ˲䣬ȫһ£ɱҲͬһһֻе飬ȫȻһ˵ĸоδй˹ĸо
㡭ң
ɱƿһ̣ϸӺˣȲĸоҲǿҪƳһ
ˡ
˿̣ƺôˣҲһ뵽ˣ֮ǰǾ仰ԻΪۣҪ˳˼ζȻͬ޾
˶һۣ˸ɱӵϻ󷨡⻨㣬ϻ󷨡
ϻ󷨡һʵʲô
˵ʲô
ɱԹؿһۣ֪ʣô죬ӵĵУ֮£˾ϻ󷨵ģ

ؿڵ֮УԽԽǿˣ̲סҪ˺ǰ½󣬲СС
һɲǣһɱ͸زһɱһ˲䣬ֻɱӾγһɱ˹

Ľ棬飬æܿһֳֻǴ˿̣ɱҡҡλΣҲȫʧ⽣֮ȴȻδ䣬ҪһͬǴԪ
һ߱ܿĽһ߼ʲôҪɱң
Ȼ˿˶Ѿ޷ùˣվЩվȣ˵ʹЩ׵ĽˣɱӴ˿̣ȫһһҳȥ
㡭侲
ԭЩȵʱֱɷףɱӻһһƺҪء
䡭侲ˣ
һɱһȴ²ȣһģȥûĳһӵ˱ȥ˵

ɱָһȥƽ֮ʱһ±ԷĺǴ˿ָ̣Ȼò
㡭
ÿ촭ˣֻһ£סҪǾһ
㣬㡭ſҡСӣſҡ
˽ţɱӸһѪ嶥Ҳǹ֮ˣۼҪˣȴֻϴȥſҡſҡ
š㣬Ҫɱҡ
شţһʱҲ̵ﴦǹ֮УɱԽԽȣţضҪ¡
㡭ſҡɱ־Ѿʼңָɿĺץȥ
šһҧס֣۵һߣҲһҧסļ
ɿڣ
㣬ɡ
ȡ
ȡ
ۡһɿҧŶԷ˵ţһɿ˳ȥ
컨裬㸡磬֪Ѿϻ󷨣ޱȣɱӾʹ˺ϻ˱ؽԪľʧͬ⻨֮£˲ϻձؽңӿѪ
ϻҲϻҲаΪĵطʱһһף¿ֻгŵľˡ
ŵĵʦӴһ̫ʱղֻ򵥻ľԼķ
˿̣ѸϥãʱȴһԵɱӣƺѾȫˣʱ뵽๦ķɱӲûУؿҪˡ
ССӡ㡭
ȻɱӾ£˹˫պ룬㺹죬ȻѾȫϻơ

֮УԽܣһ̣˺ϵһļȱѩ覣һ
ˡ
Ȼعӵϻ󷨱ʮ˿ɱҪôȥֻԼǶ๦Ҳ޷ϻѹȥˡ


1769 ๦
ССӣ㡭
ɱɫ룬˿˹һַֻһֻ֣·ȥҡ
ʱһʱϴ㣬̣УСһԣԼ޷ר˹ȥؽҪ¡
ңҪɱ㡭
ɱȻңȻʼ˺ѣҲԽԽ٣壺㡭ҵĽˣңҪɱ㡭
㵽ڡȻҪɱҡ
Ҳеȫͣƿʱתģϣһ⣬ɱƿɱӣȴûôˣղһʹԣһǣҲ·Ѿɥʧˡ
ֻУɫĳȹĻ깲裬ΣȻȫң͡һȻ˺ǰ½ǹ֮Եͷţ컨ֵ壬ȴһһ㣬¶ǰ
ˡ
ʱϻ󷨣δҲֲ̫ˣڸûȥɱӣǶԷһĻĻȴȫԺ档
ǺǺǡ
ɱӽһҵ˺Լϵһ߷ƬƬѣȥӣȴ¶С壬Ʈݵĳ컨꣬续ɡ

ɫһףѪ˳űǻ˳ʱһȥض߻ħѪ
ӡ𣿡
ʵţһ˪ɱӣȻ˴˿⽿ģħŮһ㣬˵֣ӣӣĦš
㡭
ǿתķ๦ڷתÿһڵ񱩵Ҫľһȥؽ٣

һѪӿ˳һ֪Լ߻ħֹ֮ͣת๦ֿϻ󷨣һҲؽɱһ˶
УûҵʦûлȥδһۡУ

ͷһХһɲǣ๦Ȼʧȥ˿ƣȻתͬʱڻһҲתһȻ飡
ô¡
ɫһ䣬๦飬˿̾Ȼศɣһһһ㣬ôܣ
һ̣ɵ˵ʱڵ飬๦չһ˶ʵⲢ๦ĹǱѹһ
ʱֽȻͬĹôᡭ

ֹʱڷתܿ죬˫ҲѪ๦鹦Ȼȫͣˣδֹ䣬ȫ֪
๦ǵ鹦ħħôܻศɣôȫͬԴһѵ˵๦ħ
ܡܣ
ɫɷףԺ뷨ϻ󷨣ʹʧȥƣʹ๦ʧȥƣһֱ֣ᷢ๦Ȼܹϣ

棬һ㣬ԽԽܣ߻ħ֮󣬶ɱӻϣҲѾԽԽԣ֪·Ҳ˺ˡ
ˡ
๦Ҳˣֻʮ
һ˲䣬ϣȿסɱӣȻôŪȥԼܲסϻ󷨡
˼⼰ˣٲԥһ°סɱӣѸȥ˫ƽϣһˣڶȥ
ȻԼ͸๦鹦վô£ǲԽɱӵڣȻϸ۲졣
๦۵鹦۵ʱɱڣʮΣգܻɱӵ϶Ѿˣֻˡ
㡭ңʲô
ŴʱĶ룬ɱƺҲڻָһʶ־ʮңѣʧȥǣﲻϷ˫ҲԼؿڲϸŪ
Ϻ£ɫǲ԰๦飬澿ʲôܣҵʦһʱƬ̣ѽˡ
Լһʱ๦鹦£ϵϻƺȥˣһ˲䣬ɱѹǰһĻٻղŵȫһɫɷףһ죬Ѹʰһѣǿסӡ
㡭
ɱӿǰӣʵţղŶ˾Ȼһ͡
һɲǣоһɺɱһ˲䣬ȷӦɱӵɱĽѷɻأһնɱ˹
˵ĹʱָһЩһͬСɣæ㿪䡱һһնڵϣʱ컨ɢƮ㡣
Ҫɱң
֮ǰʶŮɱĽĿֲ˿ɫ԰׵صҸղž㣬ôԴ˵𡭡
һΣиܵˣɱɱɱɱ̷аʱҪصöࡣ


1770 ħ

˵꣬ɱһɱ˹컨ɢƮ㣬ɱƬղһĻʵ̫Զ
ۼԷֺ飬һһȫȻȡҲ̼ɱӵɱĽһ
ղűϾĹ󣬼ɱΪ֮ϣɱĽҲͬСɣܿ죬ѳֳƣȥذɣ
ʱֻһɣ˫ֲסɱڵȻɱӳ׷ɱһ˲䣬ȴͻȻסСɫһһףɱĽҲѵһڵϡ
㡭
һ̣ɱֻеСﴦƣ쳣Ҫȫһһ˲䣬㲻ҶˣǼ˹ȥȻͻʱѿ
㡭ʲô
ɱӺ޺޵˿ڣòҪټ˹ĳһСʧˣҳ壬ʱٻȫǿԹ¡
㡭
ɱӵֱָ죬벻ɱݺླǧأаŷɥȴһС
Ȼղϻʱ˵ֽţΪˡ
У˶ţɱδѾʱơסҲҾʹ˵ģ˵֮ǰӣôˣĳ̲סˣڣȴ䣬ɱӣҲϲ
˵ʲô
ɱɫӱ˪ˣһ뵽ղһĻҧгݣֻ޲á
ᴵĻַ˿ɱվԭأһֻؿڣȹƮƮ֮ǰϵ·˺ˣھʣһȹӹϣǽӣ컨ϡȻɼ
ƽҲַȥԺֳָղŻǡޡһĻҪʱϻ󷨣ֻ»桭
Сӣʲô֮£˵ȥ֣ұɱ㣡
˿ֻһͷ·㱻ɱһ۶ˣϵĺ˪˼֡
㵽ڻɱңǴ˿̴߶ֻģͲˡ
ԿɱȻ䣬Ǵ˿̣ȴûκΰ취
ȻҲĶ֣һĴ߶ɱӵĵУˣʱҲù˱⻨棬Ψб˴˺κһ˶С
ˣǰ治֪ʲôΣգ׼ˣ͸ɡһ˵ţһǰȥܿ죬Ӱʧ컨
ɱӿԶȥӰһ̧ջɱĽ漴ȥһõѣɵЩ˺Ƭ֪ģһһףһߣЩ·ƬΪ˻ҽ
˴Լһʱ䣬ͣˡ
ɱߵԣ俴˵֮£ȳȥ˵һ֣ұضء
Ļ꣬˵õĻ䣬ĳҪСղøء
㣡
ɱһ޵ҧгݣֻһƽԼҲȥˡ
ŭģ֪ΪΣñɱıӿɰˣ˵ĳǱ޳֮ͽôӦѾ಻ˡ
סڣ
ɱһ޺޵һۣǰȥһ·˶ûκһֱҹ֮ʱ
Ƭҹ֣֮ҹǺ貣ξһ㣬ټ˳ξգЩһһǳγһƬһƬɫƣ飬·ϲԶֻҪȥܴ
ǿա
ϵǺ貣ۼȻ뽫һƬǺӣȥ͸δ롭һᣬϲɣ
ɱҲͣǺӣ棬Ҳġ·Щǳֻ߾һֱɴ죬졭ǺӣǾ
˿Ǻӳճճ˵ţһϹʧ𣿡
ɱӻعͷһۣʲôϵ
Ȼûйϵֻ룬Ϊȵز־񹦣ЩŶԴˣҪģǳǲ࣬ȥ⣬һ֮̽
ɱһߣĬعͷһۣô˵ˣӣȹЩˣҪȥ⡭ʹǲһкҲҪȥô
θɣ
ɱһۣǱ˵ˣֻӲΪֻҪȥ⣬ѷ˰ɣΪ̤뷽֮˰ɣ
˴ֻعͷ˿һĿԼ漴תͷǳ˵˵򵥵ģӿǺ˰ɣڵⷽءҲֻһǳѣǴ˿ǳЩǰĹâ֪룬жңԶ𣿡
˵˴ͣͣʹȥ⣬Σѷ𣿾⣬ʲôǱ棿棬ʲôޱ޾ĺڰǺڰľͷʲô˿ϵǳǷҲǳ֮ϣ㣿
ʹ򵥵ıȷʱʱһЩҴδȥĵطʱһЩҴδʶˡָоǣԺңԶδӣأ
ˣ֪˵ʲô
ɱӿʱͻȻãǰ֮ˣҪôǸӣҪôǸɵӣҪȻ˵Щ߶߶Ļ
˿˵һ죬׵ģǧҲʱֻѲǵñ˴ˣҲֻ·ˣֻߣҲĳطǰǰ
׽ΪҾͲɱˡ
ɣˣɱң˯ŵʱ֡

峿ģģЩˣֻĻ̫ˣ˶Ժ˯˹ȥ
˿ĿԣɱӸϽ˸ô£ԼڳԽ⿪ôСӣһ˯ͷˡѵһУֻξ
ӣ簡
߿
ɱӴҴȥޱ޾ĻվԶƬоͷҪĳЩ󷨣һ·Ҫˡ
ȥ˰£ڻѰѰ٣ҵһЩ󷨣ɲ֪ΪΣÿϣŻ㣬ܻ˯
һʱҵϹ󷨣ֻʧȥҪ¿Ƭ
ˡ
ڣ˵ңܽ۹ֻд󷨣ǲܳȥ
ɱҲԥվߣʼ⻨ʱ䣬Դ󷨡
¡¡
󷨿һ˲䣬ǰһ֮϶ǵ֮϶Լʮߣ˱˴˶һۣ֮϶ͨˣΪʱܹܵǹɱϢ
߰ɡ
ʱԥ֮϶ȥˣɱӽϣ֪˶ã˲ڻص档
һɺ֮УʱϮ˿ֻص˲˺£ֻ֮ǰµǸطƺͬˣһ˵Ĺذ˵ǣһƬȫš
ʲôط
ɱΧһ˲뵽ʲô˵ʼļ̳ǽڣƬ磬Ѿ磬ˡҲһֱҵǸط
ħĵط
ɱüһһ̣øСˣҲӿ죬֮ǰǺϣ￴ĵطﲻдǵһжģξʦȻ˴˴ĳطҪȥѰҡ
һɲǣȻ˷ӦѸٽֻѽѣ֮ϣǲϷųâ
һ̽УȻûˣ˿ѾӦʦ


1771 һ
ôˣɱӿּ죬ʵ
û¡
СĽǰ˿˵ǰߡҺӦµϢˡ
ɱǰ濴˿ǵѾȥһˣ̷аˣ֪Ρ
¿СӣܹΣˣҲ̷а֮ζҪСġ
ߣȥ
ɱһ˵ţһǰȥںߣ˳ϦദҲʶˣʼտ͸ŮӣһȷŮʮ飬ȥ̷аɱκһˡ
ڵѾʮֵҲѾǻԽСģڻɾˡ
𣿡
ɱӼٳٲͣ˽Ų΢΢תͷһֻۣһۣܵһɺ䡣
ȻŮģʹˡͬҪɱԼĻҲգһۣοֻԼЩǡͬĨȥġ
û¡
ȥװ£Ѿʼ䱸ţ±ߣ޷ٻ꣬Ψһɱֻ֣ħָˣϣõ
ǰ˴Լһʱ䣬Ѿܹо˵Ϣˣ˵Ϣ⣬һʮƺһɼǿķӡ֮ǰ洫
Ǻǰˣߣȥ
£˼ӿٶȣԼгڿˣ桢ˡѪħˡӵ˽ڡ
ȵȣǰǡ
ɱһƺѾ﷢ʲôפ㲻ǰ֮ǰܵǹɼǿӡ֮ҲǴﴫ
ɱӣСѣ𣿡
Ϊһ̣Ҳ˴ӺǣˡѪħɱˣʱ˿ȥ
֮ǰܹʮһа˸ˣɱӣܹʮˣ˵һȻ̷аˡ
˿̷аӰʵֻǶ̷аûһ𣿡
ֻɱӣûпǰȥؼ̳飬ûҪȥ˵ˡ
ʲôˣ
ɱµȥ˿˵ɱӣСѣ
ȥǰ棬ֻǰһɽ壬ɽ岢ߣȴһ޴ϹŽ󷨣Ǵ󣬽ɽӡɽ棬֮Ȼ棬Ҫҵĵط
ɱǰҵ˴취Ҳ޷ȥɽУ಻֪棬ʲôֻǿƿ˴ƣܹȥ
ӽŵǿƿһǴħһΣ˭Ҳ޷ˡ
ɽϣһɲǣеһʮңĸӦҲдɽ棬ضһأ뵱֮ʦ棡
ȵȡʦ棬δôɷʬڤҲ棿֮ǰ¥ϢĪ󡭡
СѣôˣԱߣأʵ
û¡
һŻعؽ࣬ɷʬڤѪʬ˶˼ǧ꣬һûؽƣǳ˼伸ҵ֡
ˣҲѪħЩ˼ħ֮˿ɱȣʦҲҪһ壬ܶùˣΣ뱣򶨣ħԪħָҪ֮ʱɽħԪ
ɱɽ壬˵˴󷨣ɶҲʣ޼ǿֶΣδزܴ򿪡
һ˵ɱûɱǲˣﻹһʱĴħǴħٴһΣܹӵóȥ𣿡
ͬӵĿ
ʱʲôħ֮Ҫ취ʦ֮ȳɽ棬ܱܿͨƬ֮
ɱ˿ˣ䲻Ŷ̶̰£ǶˣѾɹʶˡδ˵꣬ͻȻܵɱһɺû
ΪأɱûȥɱתͷһԵĹ濴ȥ
š
棬΢΢ͷ˵Щ죬Ҳ˲ٷãȷԣ˴ҪһЩǿֶˡ
νǿֶΣȻƾǿƿ󷨣һһδ֪Ĵħ˶Ըġ
СһЩ޷
۰룬Ҳͬǿ󣬱ϾǵһδδǴħĿֲ
ˡ
ɱֹˣҲֻͬǿ󣬽ļգ󣬻˴Լʱ䣬ڽ˴ƿҲֻʱѡ
šֻʣɽˡ
˿ǰɽ壬ɽϵĽѾʱƿɽҲһǿƣҪƿҲһ
գ˳෽Ҳ޷ɽƿһգͻȻеһļ£ξһټȥˡ
˺󡣡
СѣΣ
ɽ
ʲô
˿Ϊ˵ЦһϹŽƵɽ壬Ǻ޷ƿҪε֮ܽǴ˵̹ſ츫ࡣ
ɱҿʱɽδ㵹ȰǴħˡ
Ǿһˡ
ٶԣߵǰߣһ죬һ缤𵴣۹½ѳС
ǡ
ʹѪħˣһҲеһϣǷܹܵǰѽ˿ֲĽݺаǧ꣬Ҳδ
ǽǰѽҲû˰ԵĽԵҽвŵĽɷ֮Ѱ֮˿²Ƭ̣㱻ɷɣСӿȥ˿޾壬ѵǲ֮𡭡
˿̣۹½ֹǿĽʱ·Ÿܵ۹½̫֮һ֮ϣһ㣿
һ˲䣬ˣ۹Ҳޣ棬ؽ࣬Ե۹µҲǿ࣬պܹȥ⣬ȫûƣֽΣ
˿̣ɵɽϷӵ۹½ĦŽϵ¼ź䣬۹£۹¡һΣܷȳʦȫˡ

۹½Ԫͨ·ܹܵһɲǣϾǹâڻӦղŵĻһ
ǿĽ
ҲһഫླѾ̫֮ס̫̫ʼ̫ء̫±ѽһҲѵǰһѽӾǺħָǵͨѧ˾񽣡
ɱӴ˿ҲһҲû뵽Сԭһѽǲصù
쪣һ̣ٲԥ˫ս͵һǽɽնȥһնʱ𵴣һ㣬Ϸųɽɫâԭ谵գ˲ӳưһ㣡
˿µĽɱȻһСӣֻҪǴħ
Ѿ˲ôˣ㾡ȫһǽɽնȥںߣ缤˲֪һնȥʲô޷ֹֻܲȥ˵ȫ֮ء


1772 
գһǰһĻţǲ֮Уֻһλ˫ۣ˯һ
ڱߣҲӰһɷħȻ㺮ҲԷסǳصɷ
ұߣһѪѪħħɷʬڤΪǵı壬һɷһǧѪʬ
ʱߵıȻܿ죬ѾѺۣɷʬڤħͷʱͻȻ˹
ߵı𶯵ԽԽһɷҶڴ˴ΪҶ˳ȥô
һߵıҲʬڤǾ˴˴Ǹħˣ˭ҲųȥʦֵһƾԪѾȥ㣬žˡ
ɷȸǼ˵ˣʱ³Ǹ
ô˵мǱӣʼձ۾ûκһȴţˣҲ޷Ƭơ
ô¡ôôûκ
ȵȡʦ֣㿴ô⵱ǸŮˣôое㲻񡭡
˭ιҪװŪҪΪ˵ܡ
¡¡
ɷδ䣬ԶպȻһǿ⣬Ƭգӳһ֮ģһɼǿ֮Ƭգ
ǡ
һɲǣɷʬڤ˾ɫһԶǰ׹ĵطƬ̺󣬶ɭɭЦͽѾȲˣĽƴˣǺǺǡ

ʱ棬һɽ屻һˣһ֮϶ͬʱɰâ
⡭
ɱ˶Щţڽɽ屻һ˲䣬Ҳܵ˴Ƭı䣬һ֮϶һ׹𣬴Ҳͨ˺
ڿˣֱ֮ͨ϶ˡ
ǰߣǰһѾ򿪣þڣѾͨ棬˶ãͻܶˡ
ʦ
ǰ֮϶·Ѿܹܵ洫ʦϢ档
ʱɱߣҲԨһ֮϶󣬹ˣǰ֮϶ھ˵ǰһ̣Ǵżԥ
Ҳǳʦ棬棬ȻҲĳЩƣΣһУ˵ڽѿλô
ò״ˣ˻صĵ
ǰа嶾˿һۣǲȥ𣿡
߾ߣξ֮С
а嶾Ҳ˱˴˶һۣڲԥǵ֮϶롣
Ƭ̺ʮ˶ȥƮһʯûκϢһƬ
ɱĸоϤˣ뵱ħڣʱƬգơʹѾȥô꣬ɵǹɱĸоֻҪԻٴθȫ
䡣
ܿ죬ֽ϶һм˴ĺ䣬Ǳǵи֮ˣѰһһ˲㱻סˡ
ǰƬ򣬸Ŀ΢΢ɫ͸ӵʮ磬Щ硯ѾȥǰƬĪǱһѾȥ磿
Ǵħһͬȥ磿
˱˴˶ӣһ̶ëȻĸоһѾȥ磬ǡȥĴħп桭룬䡣
ʲô磬ȻˣǾȥ
Ѫħһ˵꣬ǰȥߣСһЩΪ
һ·ǰ֪̽Ѱ˶ãƬޱ߱Уûκ֮ԽȥֱŵĸоԽѹ֣һˣµٸߣҲҼ̽롣
ġô˹죿˰죬ҵôһطһ
а̲סһ䣬˱£ÿжһѹ֮С
ȵȡ˵
ʱȻͣҲŵǰ棬ȻʲôҲ壬ɾڸղŻаѻ˵һ˲䣬ǶӦˣǰл˵Ϣ
л˵Ϣ˶̲ס˸ܻ˱ǸȽطǰ洫Ϣô£
СһЩ
һ̣˶СˣҲźŬеʦһʦ
ԼʱڿˣֻǰһĻʵţһλӣħ
ǡ
Ѫħ˶סˣǱıӣ˯꣬·ϹŴ˵ľŮʹ˿͸㺮ҲܹܵõϢԷ䣡
ʲôˡ
ʹǹ;ˣҲסˣƬһλӣдڴˣꡭ
ʦ
ǰǱˣʦûΪΣһ̣оһĸо
һֲ׺ɣطĸоָоֺһˣļ䡣
ӭ磬ǰȥֻ۾Ҳˣƴʱطĸо֪ǴΪʵ棬йһһѰٵˡ
ǰˣ˭˭
ѰѰ٣ȻףҪҵˣ˭
ʦҵˡ
һһǰȥǱˣֻ۾ͨ죬Աߵ˶סˣȻƺǱŮΪʦּ˫ͨ죬ò߻ħֻ֮а˰ɣ
Сѡ
ǰȥһֽסˣ˫ü΢أСѣôˣ
˺嶾ҲΪаˣǲ㺮Ůӣڴ˱꣬ʦ


1773 ձ
ʦ
ǲӰһɲǣȻǱ߷˹ȥ˾ȴ߼˶һСѡҪ
䣡
ȻһƬ֮ʱһ͵س˹һ½󵹷˻ȥ壬ֻһ£ǽϹۡ
¡¡
Ƭգһɫ΢΢һ䣬ԣǰƬ𵴲ֹգ˵СѣҪ⣬˴̫ǿһ仯ֻʱձʱҵȱ棬¾ͳȥˡ
ǿ
ʱӡסɷʬڤ˵ı㣬ѿˣµѪɷ֮͸˳
صɷ
ʹѪħЩаħ֮ˣʱҲеһħʲô
ͬʱסıҲѿˣ״ٴγԷ˹ȥͬϴһֻҪһǸһǿĽƳ˵ֻ̫徳صĹЩ˼һҲ޷Ʒֺ
Ҫ
ʱǱڴ˽һǱӣȻ˵ˣѲɻһʦ
ڻµһ˲䣬棬һ̹һ±ˣɷʬڤˣҲǺˡ
ڳô
ɷʬڤɷڣֻΣʱѪɷϢʹˣеһϢȻҲˣħ²˼ħ
һأ׼ãôӡ
ɷʬڤϵɱԽԽأȻǵ֮ǰλȪļƣʬڤһָشδȫָ
£ͬʱȥ棬ؽܹ࣬õȻҲԶλʱɱˡ
ʦ
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ʱЩķѹƿƣȻǲܵģҲָЩˣʱٴμ۹½һǲƵնȥ
¡¡
γԹƬյĽڱƿһЩԥһ˲ȥʦ㣡
ġ
һ˶սɷʬڤˣл࣬Ī⣬ˣʹ⸽Ҳ
ʦܣԸȥסСӡ
ɷ˵ʱȻȥʬڤһЦĿ漴˳ϣСӣʱ򡣡
ʬڤѪʬ˼ǧ꣬Ȼʦɷв磬ǴȪһָУڻδȫָҲܹԸġ
ɷɷɷ
ԲʱѪʹˣһСҲħͷĶ֡
Ѫֱ֮ŻȻʹ峤ϵһΪҲȲѪʬħͷҪˣﻹŵ۹½
ʬڤһ˲䣬һնֲƬգʬڤע⵽ѽܹƿĽƣѰ֮ɴʱѽʱ֪˽ֲӲ鼱֮£һܿһ
õ۹½ʹҲܲסѾʼð亹ʬڤģЦǺýϧУٷ
ȻҲˣ˾֮һλ֮ǿǿնɣˣɱϾһввȫԦ˽
㣬ˡ
һӣǿѽ϶ʱùâҫۣһɻ̫ŽȻ˳ȥ
ɷһ߶Ըһ߿һۣʬڤ˽ǵǰѵ۹£֪ô䵽СӽӴ˽
֪ˣ鷳
ʬڤǰѽа˼⣬ҪǼɵѽղһ£ͰСˣҲգ͵СӰԪľ
Ƭ֮ɫѾʼף亹乣±ߣؽС࣬۹µԤϣÿնһضԪ֮۹ǿȴᶯ
ǺǺǡСӣôûô
ѾʼʬڤЦֱϣҲһ²Ѫɷ֮ƺѾˡ
а˼±ߣ۹½ǿ࣬ħͷΪ߳Լ̫࣬۹½УװԪ֮ٳ䲻ħָشˣȽ˴ˣȥʦԸһ
ʬڤôҿҲǰ˼ǧ꣬Ѫʬ磬ǧССħɷУҲʦУ
˵ʲô
ʬڤԭЦһ⻰֮ǰȪһָشڶûָϲһ²˺˪
˵ʦһָܰϼңһʬڤնȥһ࣬ʬڤ䣺
ʦܣСıļƣ
ʱɷʬڤһһ˲䣬ʬڤѳһɲǣеĵ۹˳ȥ漴ȫԪָħָһ˲ɣʱâɣҲһǴ˵еħָô
ˡ
ɷ֪ʦçײҪ£һʼʦܾС˴ˣʱҪȥֹѾˡ
ʬڤδϵСӷѾƵ·ˣôᡭ
ˡ
Ŵʱʬڤħָһ˲üϣ飡һ죬ʬڤһ±󵹷˳ȥ
ʦܣ

ʬڤȫѪ죬ҽвֹһ£ԭΣٲȻһֻµѪʬûƤȫѪѪ⣬Ѫħ˿ˣе󲻺УǽͷƤ鲻ѡ
ʦܣ
ۼʦܱԭΣɷ˫ѣʦֵܶˣ˼ǧ꣬źòΣرԭΣ֪Ҫǧ
ʦ֡ɱɱұ𡭡ұ𣡰
ʬڤХֱѪħͷƤ飬Ҳû뵽ֱӱħָͷ­ȻûֻǱԭΡ
СӣһָҼסˣ
ɷݺݵһۣ漴ʬڤһڷ磬ȥǰһͳߴ
Сģ
һ˲ɷһƶϣ䡱һΧսˡ
ͽվɣ
ɷɵ֮󣬾ȫħɷ֮Ƭգ˲ҿʱѸԶȥ
¡
һ죬⸽ƬնˣԭͿµĽƣûܹһ˲ȥʦͽˣƬ


1774 
ֱãΧ𵴲ֹͣɱȥԶǰһƬգǾ¡
ֻƬգѾѺۣǿЩˣʱҲȻ׿ˡ
ǡûܳ
ǰǰһѺۣʱأԾĶǣ֮ǰ˵⸽̫أһ䣬ֻձһˣٴͨ죬ҲԳˡ
ã˲عղһĻȻĸڸǰСȻֻжصΪǰѽǿֲħָȫܺһأصĸӲܡ
ʦղһ£ѲɾܿסձҪ֪һձܴҲһ
ʦͽˣʲôͷһȥ²Ҫླ췭ظʲôʥһӣ죬£ģ޳̫;¥Щˣֵһᡣ
šձ
ƺǰһУ֮һѪħѺۣʱһأԾֹղһĻһħָĿֱֲôһָͷ­ԪҪ÷顣
һ̣ȻЩңǣûкСͻһѾͻɱɡڤظȥˡ
Ҫˡ˫Ŀ΢ƬգȻ˵һ仰
ѪħعȥʵʲôҪˣ
Ŀ⣬˵㿴Сӣꣿ̫ܺ徳ǿߴƽ˵磬Ҫˣʲô
Ŵԣڳ˶üʱǷ׷𣬿ЩϼһȻһķǿߣ̧־һ𣬱·Ʊãûĸ󱲸ǰΣһһ˵ĳ֣磬ȷʵҪˡ
֮󣬾ֹһˣܿ죬ԽԽܺЩϼһһâδʱЩ˵ʱǵʱվҪȥˡ
󣬲õĽ䣬£ʱѾȫЩϼһ˵㡣
ɱҵǸӶǸʦȤЩǿŹ֣
ԣ༸˶ϸ䣬֣Ų٣ˣȴδţɿླ֮ˡ
аĿɿླˣһʺ쳾ˣĪǡƮƾˣֻߡ̫ۣ֮
Ҳλ˵ˡ
ʱ˿ȥ˵ֹ֮һɿླһһʺ쳾չŶƬ£ԸԶĵط
Զĵط˵Ԫŵأ
ʱɱ˿ȥһ⼸˾һԪŵءطֻڹż˵˽⣬ҲãֻǴ֪ôطѣҲ֪һЩطĴ˵
Ŀ΢˹˵ƺɱӡԪŵغ˽⣿
˿̣˵ĿⶼɱϣʱƺЩϸ΢仯ָܿ糣֪һѡ
ʱѪħ˿˵ģλΣòһˣܲܣôȥ˰ɣ
ղ⸽ձԶѾһ֮϶ֱӻص棬Ҳ֮ͨ϶
ʱǰ˵Ҳ¹˶ãȻдҪʦͽˣûôƨΣڼ䣬Ҳ˳㵽̽һ£ܹҵõĶ
ˡҲá

ʦʦ
һƬ֮У˲֪ãģģ˴ڡ֪ںδ·֮⣬ûǳû£ûɽӣеֻһƬ޾š
ֱĸоȫ˸·һ˲䣬ֻص˵ǸجΣħڣ׹ջ棬ֱľ֮У·һʼղͷ

ߣʱƾһ֮ƬգתպÿΧһһӹѺۡ
ӹѺۣ·Ҫʦͽˣûڰһһɲǣֻص˵꣬ٵɽ
˴ѾΪʦ֧֮һЩʱգ
ʦҡû¡
ߣܸղţձܳܣʱֻеȫϣֻԶһ£еһĵʹ
ʹʱܺʦվһʲôһѰѰ٣ҵԷղʱĸоȻļ䣬ʱǰˣһ˵ĸо
̧ͷһǰʦԵ֮䣬ʦͽ˷֮󣬾Ҳûкúһ˵ˣÿÿҲֻٻص壬صǰһС
ʦͽջ࣬ҲûҲû˵ƫҲûκι˼ɡ֮䣬Ҳûиңͬһûţ覡

ͻȻ֮䣬ﴦһʹɫҲһ±ò԰ǰ̫󣬼ϴ˿ջЩܲסˡ
һ죬סһԪڣһ˲䣬쳣ʵһģ
һλС塯ǰ
ʥһֻҪһ峤ϣȻеЩȻˣ˵Ժٸʦ
š
΢΢ͷʵħָأ
ħָ
룬ֲԸʦ֪ԼħԪһ£˵ǰãһмž֮صĵطҡһ֪ʲôĶȻ󡭡ȻĪѧħָ
ţ
ʱ˵úǣü΢΢һʳħԪʦôȥ⸽ա
ҡҡͷ˵Ϊʦֻ֮ʱ֧סƬղҪȥ˴Ѻۡ


1775 Ԯ
桭
һ뵽ʲô˵ʦõģ棬취ǳȥġ
ơҲô
š
˵ͷֵ˴գΪʦ֧ŴԼһʱ䣬һºδΪʦʱԡ
˵꣬һ֣Ĵߣֹס˵ȥҡͷġ
һһȥƬջûҹֻ֣ܴ֮ʱ䣬ʱţΧ¶ԽԽͣȫ£һ㱡ıмʶҲʼģ
Լȥ˰£ΪЩܲסƬջ磬һֻ۷֧Ƭղһֻֽţ˵ϣһ㺮
ʦ
ʶԽԽģ˫ֽţָоֻصСʱҧˮϪٵľǿȴԼˣԹȥʱʦš
ʱֹȥ˰£˱Ƭջһ֮ãʱȻûκζѾȫʧȥʶ棬·ˮ
ʦ֣ʲôʱѽ϶֪ˮϪÿ춼ȥ˰ɡ
ˮ֮ǰ棬ˮϪˮô䣬ôأʦÿʦǲ˵ʦңԭʦСʱرƤÿ͵ɽ׽һʦƼˣ
ԭЩǻɵģɲ֪ôԴʦԺЩԽԽ࡭ֲÿʦЩǻȻˡ
ʦ֣ʲôʱ壬ˮʦʦ֣ԺǾ
ʦˮ
ʶԽԽģ¶ҲԽԽͣ󣬾ȻѸţȻһƬջ磬ȵħڣʱջҪö࣬ʹΪҲܲס

ţһ̽ѸʱһƬ磬ѾҪȫʧˣֻڴ֮ǰǿա
ǿգǵУĿǰҲֻɰգһͳȥĻᣬֻɣһͳȥĻᣬֻһɲ
ʦǣǳȥô
ʶģһȥϵıм˵Ϊʦȥġ

Ȼ䣬ץˣûûǲǡʦߣҲߡ
ʦߣҲߡ
һɲǣ·ֻص˵꣬ɽǸǿꡣ
ʦߡҲߣ
ҲҲˣǣҲߣ
ǹżоһš
Ĺһҹ֧Ŷã˵ǹżоڣǷʦͽȥ
ħб±󷨣ʦһսʦǴϡã


ΧգѾʼüʱѾʣ࣬ʦͽˣ
һ˲䣬ԶڰУȻһսţһ˽֡ӣ֡ӣ𡭡֣ӡ֡
ơѣ
ơơ𡭡Ծʶģʱֻǿ۾΢΢ڰһâ
Ϣ洫ȥһƣ棬취Ƭ𣿡
̫ˡ
ִƵӣһЩǰǧҪСģȻѺʱƬʱпܳױ١
ţ֪ˡ
ã
ʱ棬ȫӰЩ˲Ǳˣȫ̫ˣļλϣ¥̫ƹǰƹˣ̫ĲٳϣԼ졢λ̫ʥҲڡ
˿̣ѩƿ˹üʵǻ𣿡
ţ
ص˵ͷԶ̫λǰȥ˵־棬ƬձѾȫһ֧ţûгױ飬ԽλҪСģǧܽŪˣӺ־ͳˡ
ԣ˾еЩ𾪣ֿѺۣձȴƾһ֧֮סǾǺεΪѲѾ̤뷽֮ˣ
³߿˹˵ģԺҵȻὫ˴Ѻ۴򿪣ڣͷѩ˺һЩ
ȻҪƬվ£ֻЩѾ̤̫徳ǰˣǿƺͷѩҲܿΣա
һΣô̫ǰæȻȫǿŷѩ֪±ߵٶȸϻȫ֪ѩȻɷѩŴˡ棬붯ô
ʼɡ
У쳤Ϻ³˿˿ԥѺ۴ȥ
¡¡
Ƭʱ⸽Ѿҡҡ׹˱СĽˣ޷Ѻۣǿˣܻձ٣ǲձ٣ʮǣҲᱻ֮ˡ
ʱԶӺɱҲص⸽̫һڸֺѺۣ˶Ĭ
ʱһһȥλ϶һ亹ߵĵҲ޲¶֮ɫͻȻһ±ˣʱȫҪꡣ
Ѻһһ㣬ˣҲָǺ£ʱ⣬Բ洫ȥѩһڵѺ棬ɫƽûκα仯
Ϊŵʱ̣г϶Ѿɫɷף亹֮ʱڣһ̹Ѻ˳
ˣǳˣ
ġҪҶ
쳤Ϻ³亹ֹ̺ˣѾƬգһʱᱬըףһ˶Ҫش
˿̣ɲһ̤ѸǰƼ־ģ΢΢һ
տ
͵һ˵꣬ѸƬշ˻ȥ˫סƬգ˵λڣջ
˿ɹһһ֧סƬƾһ˵Ȼ֧סƬաλҲɵһΪ̤εȾ硣
£ԣջأ漴ѸԶȥƬջͻȻ١
ֻʣһˣһסƬգ˶˵˰ȫĵطȥ
Ϊ㹻ĻôɽƬֱһĹ󣬼ʹ⿪ӡ֮Ҳ԰쵽ֻſƬʧ

˶֮ʱյһͷȴͻȻһصЦӣƾһ֮Ƭա


1776 Χ
ʲôˣ
ͻЦڳ˶ֻȴˣ಻֪Ǵĸ
ղµȳϣΪ˴ѺۣĲԪǿеǿЩѶԸˡ
λؽţˣΪˣֻΪ˶
ԽԽˣʱ˲ڿ壬ǺڰһӰ߳źɫѣüĿӢӣģᣬɶԷϢȴڳһЩѾ̤̫徳ĳϣҲеһϣϢǧϵĵУ
һ̣˵ס˺˵֮λ֮ϣʲôˣղ˵ֻΪ˶ѵǡ
ƣʲôˡ
ʱָѣһ߽ţһԶֵӰȥ˵Ǹ·ӣΪܸߡвˣȵȣǸˡϣǸʲôȸ磬ޣ
šޣֻ̫صˣȻǡƣ˹
ŬɫЩ԰ף˿˫һڵǿԼָ
֡Сġ
ǿ˹߻ħ˫Ԫһϵȥʱ˳
ѩվԱߣĽȻϷ֮˵һ
ֻ̫ص
ʱΨλ򶨣ĺӣԼЩˣһ۵ˣЩ˵Ϊ͡
ֻ̫صȸ
˿̣ǺԱݣڳ˸һȻֻ̫صˣҲǲ֪ʲôֻ̫صЩһˣܲã
Զɲɫһ٣飬ʱֻ̫صƾλǿ֮һ磬Ի̫Ž硱Ӷܹһ֮١
٣Ҳ㲻ֻ̫صʱǿӲֶ࿹Լһ磬ƺ⣬֪ʱֻ̫صʵжǿǺġ
ֻ̫ص͹һֻ̫صǵʵѲ統ֻ̫صʮ֮һҲѰ
˵һֱ̫ŽΪǧȴƵƵ߶
Ŀ΢۰룬ȴһԣòŵĸ֣ͼ
˿ֳ̣սţ̫ҲľǰڳûԸȥһĪֻ̫ص
λҲһѸٻָŹһ߰˼ǵ֪Щʥһһֱֻ̫صȴ֪ıʲô򵥣ʥһҲ޴ȥˡ
һƬʧ˲ԪʱתǺӣɫƽǡ̫ȸ
ȸһЦܵҲˡ
ֻ̫صĽ磬Ľ磬ǡ硱ȸ硱硱硱䣬ֻ̫صҪһȸһֱ׷£Ѿнһˡ
޳ϣȥ飬ӣС
ȸ£Ȼѳԭŵգһߣ˷лһķһ˲γһɻƣ͵سȥ
ȵĻϢҪΧһзٻǸüԶĹˣһɲǣܸܵǻ̲صĿֲѰܹ¡
ԼɱʹԪδָȴ̩ȻϮ˲䣬ֻ΢΢һ̧ӡ˲ɣȻ̹ȫӰ䡱һȸһƣȫֵסˡ
ȵϢԶ̫߾еһϣʱ˸ǰ׷Զ˱ȥ
鴫
ȸɫƽһƣȻֻ̽ԷʵΣҲֵס
һߣ޼ȸѾһ𣬴ʱ಻ԥǱ߷ȥѩ߶гһ̽䱸ƾ̫ǿ߶Կ
С˺ա
ʱһӰж֣ȴǳºһ˲ӻˣһ͵ˣȻǵǰӰ
ֻ̫صԣ㾿˭
䣬յĻϢһԪҪǿ࣬ǰصĻ꣬ʮּɵ
ºϷ˵ͷ¶β֮ˣ֪Ϸ֡
Ŷ
һЦôǲô
̫˶ס˺һǺηʥȻǿóֻһ꣬һ꣬ǿϢ䱾̤εȾ磬ĪǾǼǧǰĳλǰ
˭
ԶҲʶº裬ϾºǼǧǰˣ仹˭ϵͬʱˣҪôѾˣҪôѾھˣֻߡھˡ
Ҿ¡
ͻȻ޴ԭʧˣһ˲ٳʱѳº蹥ĻʹλҲеһϣֻˣҲǳ
ߡ
ºһߣһһɫӡзɳ޵Ļӡײһ𣬡䡱һ˵Ļø𵴲ֹ
ΧԶȥˣΨѩʱɳֽƺԣŴʱλϻȥ֮
ôĻֻ꣬㣿
º䣬ȫȻǲмص۷壬Сһɱ
˿̣ɫղһ£Ѿ֪Էʵȸ֣ͻƴ˷ҲԷģ֮£أǳ
µΪȷֻܼϧѻ٣ԪάֲסãҪҷɣǺǡ
һЦ˵һ仰һ˵꣬ȸǱ߷˹ȥºʱȸһ𣬼üʵô
˿˵֮һиȸͬԸɡ
㡣
ȸ䣬ٴγȥߣҲչƣˣвֻ̫صĸ֣һ̾Χ֮ơ
ԶϢȻգʲôһһƽԾֻ̫صĿĺȷǲһֶΣʦͽˡ
³ϣΣ
Զ쳤³ϴȥһգֻ³ҡҡͷ¹ش˲ֻǽڴˣһܣɽ£ȴܲáǣ°ɡ
ܿ죬̫˶˵Զȥ˹ָʱҲ亹ۼǱֻ̫صΧֻ̫صЩˣ˶࣬һ޳һǿߡ


1777 ս
ɫ԰ףۼЩ˳Χ֮ƣƣǵʦΣһһâʱǱ߷˹ȥȥʦ

飬˲仯ɱâһ³ֻ̫صЩˣȥסһɲǣǳ˯ǧĽǺȻһѽâʢһն𵴣ʮֻ̫ص˳ȥ
Сġ
һ̧ۻסһֲȸ䣬۶ȻǷá̫ŷ롰̫ŷ󡱣´ˡ
˿ֻ̣֣üһӡѾ֣ƮƮ죬·ǲаɷɫâ
Զˣ޲Ϣľսǰķ෨ھƾһ֮Կֻ̫صЩˣʵ벻
ݣݣݣ
˽֮ʱԶգӰٶ˾һǿĵϢ߱Ϊ黯Ÿ֣
ת˲䣬ӰѾϸһλ뷢׵ߣһѷȥɷǣһ㡣
ˣȸ磬ϡ
ȸһ
һ˿˵ˣһעȸ޵꣬Ϊ˫淲ܱȣֱռֻ˶Էһۣ֪ԭ졣
١
ȸĿϣ䣬һйҲڴʱӰһ˲һ
ϱ˴˶һۣ˿Ҳ˿ԥͬΪ޵֮ˣˣ顣
ʱ˾ǵ֮ȸһ֮˿־壬۶޷Ը
˿̣ȸαĪ⣬ϣߣӲ
ΧһĻԶ亹޲ĵǻǣһϣҲδʤ㣬οʱֻһˣ
ʦ
ԭɷ׵ӣһȴǵͨ죬Ƽ𽥿ʼңһ̰סļѸٶԪʹϢƽȥ
֣صģһУܼǼ˱ضĶ֡
ƻδ˵꣬ǱߺȻһ죬ֻϹâһɲǣĳ󷨣ͻȻмȥ
˵һǵУһԾΧ֣֮ǿס˵Ĺƣʱʩչһͨ
ʩչһ壬ܶԸˣѾĹ󣬴ʱǿʩչһ壬ʹ𣬹޴󣬵ʱױ˻ơ
ϣʱ˿̣Ȼܹ䲻
ȸȻ䣬˫һΧһƬ𺣣̫ȸ񹦣ҲǵУԶɱˣȻеһϢ
⼸Ҳ֮ʱ˫һķʱת⣬ΧһУʱ䣬ռ䣬ѸٱֻеһͷĿѣֲԼʱںδǰһУģŤ
һķءﻻơһ˲䣬ƾһӣ϶ʱǱһУ͵˳ȥ
ùĹ
ǹαòһҲ֪ԼںδȷӦʱǰһѱ̹ⳤ͡һһ½ݺ˳ȥ
ƣ
Ψȸʱܱѣһġﻻơû뵽ԷһǡָѾ㵽üǰ
⡭
ȸȻһʱκηӦֻ͵ɳȥһָۼҪȴڴʱﴦͻȻһɻưʹֻɫһףָһɢˡ
ȻһʱĹأղֶáﻻơشϺ͹޼ˣˡ
ʦˡ
һһ˲䣬ȸץסᣬ˫һߣ顱һһ½˳ȥ

ȸһɫһ±ò԰һ̣¾Щҡҡλվȣϼ״һ۵ĵץסᣬȻһɨȥ
һüȿף˿أ顱һһ´͵ϮشУǵʱһѪӿ
Ͼһ֮ˣʱܴҲԷγֵĻᣬֻһһҲش͵Ϯ֮˵ĸϣһ˳ȥ
ʦ
ۼʦ͵Ϯˣʱŭӿϣ˴ʱԪδָһǱ߷˹ȥ
ֲɣ
һɴʱѾֹֻ˫۲Ѫ˿һɲǣǲƺǿȫָâҫۣħָ֣
ʦܡģ
ۼһָͣʦܴȥ˾һ۵˸ղһƣʱδӦһת㱻һħָͷ­顱һͷ­ֱӱ飬ԪҲһ˲䱻ħָˡ
ۣ
һѪӿɱ۵˺ħָĽâѸȥ֮ģﴦһ˺ѵʹղһָľȫԪ

˲ɹסˣָһѸٵϼѨҲܷɡ
ʦܡʦܣ
ĿѣʦǰԪ񶼱ˣʵţʱһȥ֮УͬʱҲһ˿ɫʦܵĵУһ¾ͱԪ񣬸ղһָʲô


1778 ̫ŷ
֮Уǹ˵ı֮ϮԶ˶㵲ڸղһָɱ۵˵һĻħָʵֲ̫ˣΪٸ߶ֵסʦͽ˶ˣܴͻΧȥ滹ôֻ̫صĸ֡
ô죿
쳤Ͻָ뿴ʦֻ̫صղð֮գòײŽʦͽ˴ǱȳѵһתۣҪֻ̫صץ
£ֶй˼ɣΪԷֻ̫صǾ¥аĸССɣԾ

û£ʦ
ɫ԰ףղһħָѾļˣҲֻɱһ˶ѣʦǻѪһжΪձΪ˱ʦľԪǺľԪвֻ̫صЩˡ
Ĵһ˲䣬·ֻص壬صʱ棺ԺҳˣһҪʦ
㣬ɣΪʲô
ΪԺ󣬱ʦ
ҵ֮ˣ²Ϊף㽫Ҫػģ²ֻΪһˣΪʦ㣬Ϊʲô
Ϊ˽ػʦ
㣬Ϊʲô
ΪˡػʦҲܣ²Ҿֻػʦһˡ
˵ˣһʦ
ԭұˡǾãǾҡ

ͻȻ䣬ﴫһɻ֮УһɲǣԭʧѸٻһָоԣܲԡ
ҵҪɱȺϣֱ練ơΪΣҸңҡ
һ̣ԺﲻиֵԽԽ㱣˭
霵ǳǿԭӰΣɴ޷ʬħγ֣ѾǣСмǡмǲ霣㡣


ҳɱǡ⿪ӡҳɱǡ
ɣ
һɲǣ棬һƺ֣ٲȻʬħѵļʬħòĹٽħԪܹȫӡѹסɸղһħָľԪʬħгƷӡ֮
۶ӡʬħĺɷ֮ѹȥʱѹղţղԺǸ
ʦңҡ
̧֣ϵĺѾѹȥǸղţǸʵĻþѵ峤ϵԣѾ

ҡҡͷΣʬħѣҲǳǵʲô
ǺǣʦͽǸ˰
ȸȻһЦղ˵עϣûע⵽ʱЦſֱϣһѪǰգһѺۣ澹Ѫӿ
ǡ
˽һһɲǣŵһɴ̱ǵѪϢͬʱһɿµ̫Ϣٻʲô
ȻѷᣬԱʦͽˣԶҪֿˡ
ȸ£˫һ̧ǰѺѪӿͬʱ֮洫
ʲô
Զ˽¶ɫвס˶䣬֮ӦǺ֮䣬ɴʱȴһʮаĸоХаһϷʮֲ
˾֮ʱֻǹѪ棬һڶǶ֪Ϊ͸һɻ̫Ϣоͼڣ飬
ǡ
Զ˽һȻǶܵóѰ̫ϢǷ
̫ŷ
ȸ˶ȶϾһǻǵǵΪȸҲ֣̫ŷ£Ӳһǣ̫ŷشԪ񣬼ǲҲܻˡ
֮Ѫ
ͻȻֻȸָһ󣬾һƾѪǶУɲǼ䣬ѪʢǶϵľͼڣ۶ѪޱȣǲпֲХ
Ǻǡ
һ̣ȸɫ𽥱ЩɷףһЦ벻Ҫ̫ŷԴ˶شҲ˲ѪԪΪֹڴˣҪô˶Ը
ȥ
ָֻһУ̫ŷʱѪâһͳȥһ¿磬Ҳ֪ⶦжֲ
ȥ
Σһ̣һƽȥʦһһ˲䣬Ʒɹˣ֣ߣ
ȵȣƣʦֻǶʦѹȥ
һ˲䣬Ƿɢһɻ̫ϢȻѹȥ۶ҲǵУһɲǣ֮嶥Ƿ̫Ϣֵ⡣
ӡ
Զв˶סˣû뵽Ӿƾһ֮Ӳס̫Ϣ̫ϢѹǵĻֻ̼ɢˡ۶Ȼ˼ǿ


1779 Ŷ
̫ŷ£ɫԽԽ԰ˣ۶ԿⶦʱϾ̫󣬻ֵܵס̫ŷΪףѰ֮ˣܰ쵽
Ǻǡ
ʱ޺Ȼһߣ̫ŷµɭɭӵ۶鴫Գ̫ŷҽջ׼һЩ
£˫ֲϽӡһȣŶ󣡡
һɲǣкȻֳ˰˿ڶֱλڡǬ뿲Ȱ˸λм̫ŷһ󷨣̫ŷۣ˿ڶҲһ˲ųѪâΧۣת
һֲͳХ֮ϴ洫һ̣ھŶ£ɫ԰ˣϵ۶Ѫѹȥ
ɭɭЦӲٰ׷ˣŶ󣬻ܴӳǽʦˣҲûа취ȥټֻֿһ³ڷΪһ̯Ѫˮ
ʦҸǣ
˫Ŀѣôδʦȳģʱɫ԰ֽϼѱ亹ʪ͸ֻ̫صˣηǳԼģʦǡΪ˱Լ
Ǻǡ
վһЦһΣȸֻϷǣɹ˵˲׶Ը˰˶ҲˣԲ¾Ŷ
ۼǾŶ棬ԶˣɱЩħ֮ˣֻ̫ص޳ܡ
տʼһȺΧһҲͰˣڻ㡭ԭΪֻ̫صжҲֻǽ޳õ˶ѡ
λǰȥһ֧̿ţһ
ʦҲߡ
۲Ѫ˿ݺȸ͹˵ȥģҪʬΣһգҪ̫ŽɱѪɺӣ
Сӣ߰ɡ
ʱºҲԺ𣺡ʦڻٳһٵƬ̣ŲסˣʱҲ޷뿪ˡ

˫ĿԲʱȥܣʵǰȥʦҰ㡭
ܡ
ºնصѾˣ̫С̫ŷ;Ŷˣ˶ֻ̫صġ޽ɡƣʦֻ֡ء̤뷽֮ʵ֮ǿ㵱ֻһССҲܶԸұؽɢ
˴ºͣͣҵǣδؽƣ޽ɺֻĿǰ̫ŽСӣ߰ɣͷ취ȥȸʦֻˣգʦͽһҲ߲ˡ
֡߰ɣ
˫ͨ죬۽۸ֻ֣ԼţһգȴֻŶԷѣʲôҲˣΨһģֻл뿪
Сӣ㻹𣿡
ºٴĿǰĻ˳ûסǵȻ֧ŲסˣԷȫֻ˸ˣʱ˵ˡ
ٲߡԽԽ߲࣬ˣСӣ㻹ԥʲôܲɱʥһʱһϣ
ܣ
˫۲Ѫ˿岻סôߣôܶʦһߣòײҵʦ
ߡ
ŶԽԽǿˣɫ԰ף۶ѸʧǳŲסˡ
ʦҲߡʦߣҲߡ
ߣΪʦԪѿľߣûлˣΪʦҷӡ˲ΪʦΪʦĻߣ
ʦʦ
ͨһʯͷϣᣬʱĿ˫ֽţָģѪҲڲѪᣬѪᡣ
ʦһһ㡭һᣬɱ⡭ţѪ䣬棬ҲȫȵѪ
ѩվԱߣٿһĻʱżĴţδιʦţܹͻȻ֡ϧûС
֡ߣ
ȥ۽ۣ漴קϵһ֮϶ȥȸҪߣһ£ϧһдۡץס
ȶϵ׷ȥղɱʦܣܷŶԷߣͬʮֻ̫صĸ֣һ˲䣬׷ȥ
ɾ׷ȥһ˲䣬һӰ֣һ͵Ļɿ¡һЩȫ˳ȥ
¾˭Ϊֻ̫صԣ
ȸÿ£Ҫά־Ŷ󣬴ʱ޷º跢ֻܺݺݵŶԷ
޳С㲻֪Ϸ֡ߣ
ºһߣһתƣ֮϶ȥ̼䲻Ӱ


1780 ѩ
ʱ˼Ǵѩ׷ɣĶ죬ϾҲƮ˶ëѩһƬһƬƻã壬װع
ʦˣҲ˴ѩÿ궬죬ʦڣڡ
ֻѩһòʮ˵Ů߳ѩŮͷ˫磬һ˫䳤Ľë
칥գѾȥ꣬ˮ뵱δ䣬Ȼǵʮ꣬͵͵ɽɽˮȥѰʦֵСѾͷ
屾䣬ûһɽϣǹ¹µÿǻȥۣʦʦܻ
ʱһһ죬ȥ˴ģﶬѾˣҲʦֻƶĺ׶ÿʱ֣ǻۣԣ˵˵ö֮ɺףҲһ
ʦʦֶڣֻˮһˣء
ŮţȻֲֻ۾۽ǾӨ͸飬Ƕߵһϴϻ䣬Ȼʯĳˣ˴˿һĻҲ⡣
ʱѩ׷ֻһӰ߷˹ƮƮŮǰˮ
ءʦ㡭
ˮ̧ͷǰʦ㣬ۡһ¿޵øˣһֹסĻµ
ءüʦ˵ʦͿˣˮô죬ʦҲû
ãˮ̧ͷ䳤ĽëϣżξӨ͸飬·Сèһ޵ñҲˡ
Сè
ǧϹһ£ˮʲءءʦ㿴ˣء
ǧѿ˿ΧĹ¥˵ʦ壬ӦǺܿͻ˰ɡ
أǣǡ
ˮСʳţ˲۾̧ͷεؿǧѣʦ㣬ȥʦòãüʦ˵ʦʦ֣ȥ˶ߵһŽ硭
ǧḧգҡҡͷ̫Σˡһ˵ţһ̧ͷһԨһѺۡ
Ǻġ
ˮҲϵġԨȥԺһĻһĻʦɽٵ龰ҪħʦҲᡭ
ء
ţһ뵽֮£ʦˣˮ̲סȽһҪʦʦֱ𡭡

ϣأ߷壬ȥ壬ֻδ룬˴أ໹£ټ٣ʵʵЩħͷ׶ơ
ʦá
ϣ̴ƣ໹ͻȻֱϣ¯̴㣬ȼһ룬ȴжϵˡ
һ̣໹üͷһվӣʦ붨ǰ˰ʱ΢΢ǷǷϡ
š
໹濴˿ſڵӣ˵Ҫȥ壬һ֮ǰҪƶ˵꣬㻯һƽ⣬Ƽȥ
һͷˮ˴˿˿ҡҡͷڴ˴
ϣǴѩ׷ɣջȥĹ¥궼޺ˣɽҲ޸κۼ
㳡ѾһĴѩ໹һ㱻ĵϡ
š
໹㳡Ͽ˿ѩأӡҲûУ붬ѵʦִδ
ʦ֡
໹ǰӿ˿ʾÿȻĸϣȴԵЩΪѣһ˵ڵвԸǣʱ䣬κ˽š
ԣ໹ü΢΢һҲ𣿡
롭ҪõΪѣϡϸ
ĸӵͷʱųųӣ˵Щ뵽ǰЩգˣǱƢһĸ֣ȴֲ˵ĵһգǲðͷһٺ󣬲뿪
ðɡ
գ໹沢δΪĸӣֻתɽȥˣû߳Խʦܡ
üʦ㣿
໹ѭȥüʦ㣬˹ȥüʦ㣬ڴˣĪҲǡʦҲǳ˸Ÿ
üҡҡͷƾѩ׷ɣòŻعͷǰ໹棬ʵʦܽմҴ壬кҪ£
໹ʱķ˿ֻعͷ˵֪ʦûз֣ʦ֡ƺЩֵֹģ
Ŵԣü˫üһΧ˿һŻعͷʦܺγԣ
໹֮ʱʦ㣬Ԩʦ֣ʦ֣ʦû󣬵ʱһɲǣҴʦϣܵһɼصɱ
˴˫üѾʦ޵֮꣬ҽ֪˵ΣϣӦôصɱ
ü¾ѻ˵꣬Ǽħͷ֮ʱˮвʱҲܵˣʦǹɱǲ˺öꡣ
ʦ˵ģѵǵꡭ

໹̨һɱƵ£ʱʦֱȻһ㡮ħˡ
ʦܣ
üɫһ䣬ֹס˵ȥˣҡͷʦܣԡ
໹ü˵Ǽ˵УʦֵߣҲˣһִǡˡ
˴ټ˵ȥˣʦֱŲڲʦǱ̫
šôˣü²֪ΪͻȻ̫໹ʦĶ̫
ûУôˣ
һҾ飬Ի̫ǵʦӴ£ŵһЩԴ˾ݻ㲻£޷롰̫Ტۡ
Ȿݣ䱾޷ģ಻κιķԵǴ඼֪⡶̫Ĵڣ꣬Ҳδ˵
˾ıΨܹģҲûôˣüº໹ҪĶҲֹһ飬ʲô񹦾ѧʳ֮ζ˵мֻȱʧ֪ƣҲ˻Ứ˼ȥĶ
˿ü²֪໹ΪͻȻἰ˾飬ʵʦܣôˣҿգЩֵֹġ
ûУֻͻȻ뵽
໹˵˴ü£ʦɻǵãʮǰҲһ꣬ʦһǼħ֮˵ƣɽϣһΡħ̣ӦΪ̫ɣ
ü¿˼Ƭ̣˵¹ȥ̫ãʦáֻʦһɽʦòδϸᵽоʦܣͻȻᵽЩ飿
໹һѩƮ䣬˵붨֮ʱ֪ΪΣкȻһ£¯㣬ȼһϣпɷ֮ףҵʦá
ѵʦóˣ
üҲһ½뿪֮ʱǧѵⲻˣ
໹ʦһ½಻֮£ҵģΨֻС
һü˫üӹĻ
ţ໹ͷΨһĽ٣ҲҴʼĵġ
̧̾ͷƮѩƶ֮ϣԨһѺۣϴ֮ûκζԽˣԽԲ²⡣
üϿһ˵ʦһ£ʦֳһѯ컢˼ѾãţݲóκβСһ


1781 ̿
졣
ʹ˼ѩٴϣʼ紺Ļ׷һʮŮ˫֧ãһ滨£տյǰŮɶ

ǵģǸɾһŮ˿滨ģѩһ覡
ɶ㣬ɶ㡭
ʱԶһŰٻȹСŮ˹Сʱһҵ歷ȣԶֻʮģԣÿЩҲһΡ
ˣ绹ûδҲ˯ѡʲôʱģɶ滨꣬һʱδע⵽˶á
Сգһ˫ˮĴۣ滨ȥãһ˵šղţ˵иˣʦǱ߹ȥˣҾˡ
и㣬˭
ǹȥɡ
š
£Χˣ󷨶ˣĵӣٴһ㣬һƺŮӡ
ˡǿϢ
ֻƺ֮ϣһŮӣ²һ̨̨ųĹâһΪĸо
Ǻˣ죬ν£
ϣվĵӣЩǵΪͻͽǰŮӣȥͬ䣬ΪϢɲ⣬ʵ󣬳ϣʲô
ҽζҡϣһ𣿡
̨ϵİŮӣٲȻζʱ꣬ģûκα仯һϢ뵱ȫ磬֪֮ȥʲôطƺ淢ʲô¶
ϲڣذɡʱһŮӴ˳ĵӶ׷״к¹
¹˳ζʱûʲôɫҲ֪ǰʲô£ϡ
ƺ֮ϣζ˫ü΢˵¡
˵˲ھǲڣ˷㵱ʲô֪𣿡
£ǿͣҪ񡣡ʱ歷˴˳ζӣǸ
ζǰЩˣ𵱳ڹɽ磬ô˵ҲǾѵˣڻص˼䣬⡰֮ӻһ涼ѣ˵һ𣿡
ζ㡭ʱɶС˹ζȻҲһϳɶ
ζ㣬ءʱɶɽĹˣҲ̲סۡһ˳
⡭ô£ζһͷˮѵһˣ歷˵ӣ˵
£ζ歷ȥˣһ·ϣɣɵٲֱ£ɸ߿գϹɾһ㣬Ҳﰵ档
˵ϣǰЩֹˮʱҲɵ¶˾ɫǧ£
Ҳ벻ڹɽ磬ôĥѣħɽϹ֮ۡġô֮أǰħۣؽѣնû£һΣôᡭ
ء
ɶһֿ歷ḧ˸ĳζȥ¶Щ֮ɫˡ

ζګګһĻһĻӸһʶͷͻȪȱ˴ƣٵ໥󵽹ɽ磬ͬ
һĻһĻָļ䣬һ̣еЩ֣·䣬һ˵ѣ֮⣬ûбҲ֪Ҳ֪һΣΪʲô뵽ˣҲɵʦʦ㡣
˿̵ȻˣΨɶĿĿ֮ϵҲƱȾһ歷˫΢죬ʵӣϡʲô𣿡
ûûСֻǣ겻ζ㱵վɶʵζ㣬Ҫ𡭡
ɾɶ۵һۿ˾뿪ɾֻζӡˮϤûˣʱζ𵱳ڹɽǸӱ֡
ζᱧڻḧĳɶԺпˣٻ㣬ڽ㣬ЩҪȥ
ء
ɶһ¿޵øˣζ㣬ȥӰɣˣҲˡɾذٻȣҲˣһȥС¹С棬ء
ģζȥ۽ǵˮ˵ɶ죬ģ߰ɣȥߡ
˵꣬ζ歷ʾʾ⣬ǣɶȥˣſ歷ϣգһ˫ۣǲʵʦɶΪʲôްΪʲôˣϲ𡭡
û£ɶͻġɶζȥӰ歷˫ҲЩʪˡ
ֱĺɫʱ֣ζɶߵǱߣɶȥɡȻܽɶߡ
ζ㡭㻹𣿡
š
ζ˵ͷ漴޹̨ɶ˿ȥˣɳԶһξ룬عͷȥɶվǿһ£ʵ
δ̤뷽֮ȥ˵ǧ٣Ҽ޴ġ׳աζһһ䣬ٿǱߣ޹̨Զȥˡ
Ļ꣬׷ƻá
߽նģΪʦþһ߽ٺһܵС㶼𣿡
ţҼסˣʦ㡭

ʦɫôѿ
ȡȿȣл˵
ʦ˵
˹ȥǰһУξϤʦգôЩֵֹġ
Ϊʦ˵һ룬Ҳ霵ȫȻ޽⣬ˣӡպҪмǡҪ霣㡭
ʦģҶᡭʬħΡ
ššǰ˵ͷʱ𽥱ˣ˵ãһ顭
ʦ㡭
ã
ɫȻһ±΢΢һʦһֱôֻȥȴ֪ʦҪʲô
ţá
˵ͷһ˲䣬Ѹײڶ֮ƣٵϼѨһˡ
ʦʲô
ɫһ䣬磬ֻΪʦ֪ʱղ࣬Ϲ߳ɡգ㾡ˡ
ʦҪҪ
ʦҪ
֣֡
ʦ
Ȼ˹ʱһʪɽ¹꣬һɲľ㣬ƾվǰһŵؿ֣ج𣿡
ԭΡ˲ϵ亹Ƽ겻ģüʵǡ𣿡
šμ峤ǰһҵĳֻ棬峤ϱʦμ
˴ҡҡͷʦ˵߽նģ߽ٺһЩûн̹ңûҲ



1782 ֮
洵˽۾Ժ棬ڲ˺һĻһĻʦΪ˱뵱գѾȥһˣһֻҪһ˯ȥͻμĳ
֡
Աߣ֪οڰοÿÿ뵽ĳǷȥƴζƿһ죬̫ô˶ڣЩ˿ϳҲ󡭡
ϧЩ˲ңҲֲЩˣֻ̫صʵǿ˭ȥԣûˣླ̫Ǿ¥û˸ȥֻ̫صԣΪ֪³Ρ
ڣѾԮˣҪȥȸȳӣ̸ףóȻǰȥȸ»ʱҲȸ
һȸ磬ƣǸûκʤ㣬гºɳºϾֻһ꣬ЩһǧֶԸķ
ǰȥȸˣʮûκοܰӾȳʱ֪ô죬뿪Ž̫ˣҲ֪Щʲô仯
˿̣ҲǳڵʵԶԸһֻ̫صȸ̸ȥȸʦȳʵʵ
һ̣Ϊʵһ죬ֻʦֻʦץߡ
֣㣬Ҳ̫ǡ
Ʋ֪οڰοһʱ˵Ҳԥһµɽ֣˵ǰȥ𣿡
š
Ƶ˵ͷ˵Ҵ˺棬ƺʲô˶Ҵ˳ֻ̫صˣ˲٣ȸ͹ޣӣҲӳģˣˣģһҲûӳ
ţ
˵˴һ±룬˵Ƭյ棬ӡһħĳһ֣Ĵ򶷣Ǿ˴ħɵʱû˿ǴħʲôҲħ˵ʲôûħĶ֣ħȻ
ħ
üͷһ壬һ̣ȻָеһƣԺ棬·Īǵͳֲһɷһħ졭
ڽ֮أħԪ֮ȫʧȥʶԺһʶǿֲͳӵħָȾͨħԪħָħϵ
š
˵ͷ˵ڲ˺ѾָƽǴħټ졭֣㲻صģҲˣºǰ뿪۶ҷӡȸЩ˸޷˴һߵġ
˴ͣһŵʹӱǴȸ磬ҲضǰȫģЩ޷ֻܽѹھŶ棬Ŷ̫ŷºǰ˵ҲȷʵôߵΪҲ޷󷨡
ʵǰأЩ㿴𣿡һ˵ţһ濴ȥ沢ûгºĻϢ
ƵǰЩ飬ǰȥˣŽձˡ֣ϵΣ
̧ƿ˿Ԫݽߣ÷ɣЩʱеʹҲƱһܡ
û¡
ҡҡͷȥ£ԺֳΣûгº裬ʱֻ᲻ԼҲӲڣҪȥ̫ȸȥʦȳ
ǳǰҵĵطԹȥˣǰ˵㣬ʹϵķ֮˺õÿһЩ
Ҳɽ˳ıӰҲ̲סһֻ̾ˣгǰҪȥֻ̫صֻһССȸ磬ƣȥ
ʱºڴˣѣʵСӣϵ˺û
𵱳֮ԪǽƷӡȳɲΪԼðգһ֮ȴ˵лǰʱϣ
㣬ϵ˺ûУ
˵ȥºˣһ£˵ˡ
š
º΢΢ͷֵҪȥȸ磬ʦԣһ½ǰа취𣿡
ºڵʵȥȸ磬ֻһֿܣǾ޵ڶֿܣҲ˵ȸأƣ̫ŷ;ŶʦҲû취ԸѵܶԸ𣿡
ţҲüʹûȥȸҲܾȵóӣȸ͹ˣǾͶԸˡ
ȸ˵Ϊڲ˺棬ĿãĵУƲ˶Էȸ񹦣ǿֲȸҪ۶ܵȸ𣬶ֻ̼ͱճɻҽˡ
ºĬСӣɻǵã˵̫ŷ;Ŷ
ԣ̧ͷ˵ǰᵽ̫Žˣ޽ɺֻء

º轫˫ָɽĺȽȽ˵޽ɣó̫ŷʮѪҲˣȸ˵вʹʮ֮һ
ţֻ亹ֱʮ֮һѾ˿ˣһ֮ǡ
ºֻأó󷨣Ŷ԰޽Ƶ̫ŷΪۣǱȸвʦ۶Ѱ̫徳ĵУƬ̣ҲҪлΪһ̯ŧѪ֪ΪҪ뿪ˣƬ̣ʦͽ˶Ӳ󡣡
ָѵûİ취𣿲ǰȻ˵ô࣬ǾͱȻֻ֮ضҲ֣ʵǰƴķ
վһԣҲŵؿųº裬Ƭֻ̺ۡ
ۣ
ƾһǺѵܹƿ̫ŷ;Ŷ
º˫ָ˵ۣ̫źħ֮̫ʱڣ֮ϵһƬ
⡭
ƹţĶǣÿ϶ֻһƬۣһƬۣ̺ۣǡ̫ʱڣÿϵ۶ˣ˴ı¡
Ҳţºۿɻס롮߲ͬʱڣΪʱ򷨲֣ٱƣԻۼסΪ֮ʱ޲ˣ򷨿ƣԻۡ
֮۲ɴ֮
ֻ֮еľȿΪ򷨲ֵǿҲΪ޲˵ɱ䵱˿֮


1783 ˮ
ΪʱԻۡΪʱԻۡƬ̣˵õۣɾȳʦˣ

ºתֻۣƿ̫ŷ;ŶȸƣĵУʹȥ磿Ĳ˵һ̫ȸ˼ǧĵУȸ𣿡
ָʹۣҲȸȥ磬̸ӾŶ¾ȳʦ˵ףΪ
ºҪȥ׷ȸĵУЩʵΨдӱ֣ƫ档
ƫ棿
ɫһǰĪָħָԼɳͨѧ
º迴ħָҪʹָٶȣ⾳κһжҪǿУе۹½֣Ҳǻװ׸ȥһ񡣡
º˵꣬ˣͬм޵Уͬе˵УҲ޵УȸΪ̫߳ˣҪԽնɱˣ̱ȷ˵ѡ
кΪ棬ʱǲָ׷ȸˣԣֻܽеһУ¯࣬ó뻯ܼļ
ԭˡ
Ҳһˣһʱ䣬ǰضҪԳʮ֮ѵ֣˲йȸʵǳǰղ˵ۣҪȥδѰң

ºĿȻϣ˵ڣ˭ȥڵʵֻ»δ̤ǸطѾˣҪȴȥһط
֮󣬳º֮һԨ֮£֮аҵĵطԨ£ﲻ˼еֻһµϢ͵صðġˮ
Щˮʺɫ治֪ʲôζ޺һ㣬һ۾ͷƤ顣
ǰʲôطЩˮʲô
ȻѾٶ꣬ҲδͷƤĶЩɫˮ¾ʲôˮ˰׹ǣֱ޷룬ﵽ˰
º˵ǰả˴ԻˮǿˮЩ׹û˵Ҳ֪ôİɡ
֪ˡ
һֻ̣оȫë׿ˮЩˮȫꡭǻ˽ȥ˲ͻᱻЩɳɰ׹ǣȻҲΪˮﲻɢ

º迴ҪˮУһˮһʱÿһ죬һʱֱ˹ֿҲˮдҹˮʴ
⡭
ʹµһ֣ɴʱº˵ǸеЩȻˮǧ꣬ȥ±ߣٻų
á
ȴûκԥȻºδ˵ΪˣȻʡ
º׼ˣȥɣʵܲסǣʧܣռ
ԥȥ£ˮȥˣһˮУȻˮȫɶһͷƤĹǺ֮ƴʱڰ϶е󲻺

һ˲䣬ܵһǧеľʹˮ꣬ҪǶһʱֻתֿЩʴ
Ȼ֮ʹȴ˿δһ£Լ屻һȺҰ˺飬һɾʹҪܵʹҰ˺ʹҪǿǧٱҧ֣̲ס˱ʦץ龰
һ죬һʱڹȥˣ˲Ǻˮ˳һЩҧɿڣϵϺЩֻصˮϣɼ飬Ŀĵ˿ڣЩ˿ڿɲѰ˿ڡ
֣㡭û°ɣ
ǿľԾɳģȻܲסˮʴ
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˿ϵ˿ڣЩˣʲôڶ죬ȻճºķԸˮʱºܹںˮһʱˡ
Ȼֻÿˮ壬ͬʱҪܳºĸϸʵѵ
̫ˣ
ٿһ㣡
̫ᣡ
Ӧ̫٣
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޸֮
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һ죬ڱºһָ˳ȥʱһѪӿ
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ɫһ䣬һ´Զסˣֻһһ飬ȫ£ûû˵ĵط
ºҡҡͷϴʧ֮ɫڵʵ̫ȸʮУɡ
ǰ
ɫһף˵ǰ˶ûãǰյأղһָ̫صҲܲסҪָֻˡ
ָ
ºһ䣺ȥȸ᲻ָ˵ָ꣬һһöҩɵ£ռ
ǰ
ĵҩֱЩ΢΢˵ʲôʱƿˣĿֱųº裬˵ղҴˣǰɡ
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Ƹһ̶ֳȵһһʽɽѣɳǰ֮ǿܹܵסٴȥҪģ
º迴ʵҲǳ츳־δġ
ѵˣ̫ЩʲôϣҲûһܹܵסȸĵи̫߳ˣҪԽȥɱԷ־ǲġ


1784 ں
š
գº迴˵ˣһϰɣֻҪܹУյ
Сã
һˣתγһɫâ漴ȥ֣֮ƹ䣬ʱչΣº跢˹

̫ˣһ㡣
вУ֣Ъɡ
ȥתѾȥˣƺ϶˼仯ųĺˮԨȣҲʼ
ȥˮУõʱܳ
⡭
ˣܲˡ
ճʱܲסӺˮ˳ˮУ˫գֹˮһ㣬ʱڵĺ̶κβ
ǰʱʱЩĸ꣬ÿҪȥʦȥʱ䣬ڳº輫ѵ֮£ʵʵķԾľҲ֪˱仯
һɲǣ·𿴼ʱţ֮䣬ȴǹȥﶬ統ħڣʮָħһӡ
Զº農ףѷóͰǰѾĥȫһˡҲʱͿ쵽ˡ
֡
һߣվڰϣ벻ѾһŸģȽ꣬ȴԷľˣڳºָ֮£ġͨʮҲɡ

ƼתѾȥһ꣬һգֻˮ£Ԩ𵴲ֹЩײе꣬ҲȫŵǱˮȥ
һڳº輫ѵ֮£ÿںˮ壬壬ǰɸ֣νɳħ֮ӵ˼£Ȼû׺ۣѰ˵ĵ壬Ҳǲˡ
ǿ⣬ٶȡӦʶѷһǰɱȣħָҲѾʹָˡ
ЩһΪҪġ⾳ͻƵ㡰Ҿ߲㾳磬߲㾳磬ԭǡ޾
ʮ죬ߡплӯ࣬Ī
һˣ٣ÿÿվۣȴ޾࣬ʮ޾δΨȫͻƵ߲㡰޾ʱܲİ塣
Զº農һһ쿴ɱ䣬ʱҲοûʦͽ֮Ҳʦˣֻжݵһ꣬һľ
绺ϵĿҶһɲǣºԺ棬ֳָ˶ǰļ䣬ЩѲļ䡣
㣬ɱʦְ
ɱʦ֣Ϊʦ֣ʦԶõĸҪģøҡ
㡭롭ΪʦؾΪ֪ᣬ־вᶨڴʱؾ䷴ɣ˵У߻ħӴ˶ħԣ㣬ѵΪʦؾ

߰ɣΪʦ󡭡Ҳûͽܣ
ʦ㡭ΪһΪúݵġ

ǺǣʦôˣǵŶˣ˵֣ġ
գǾǺǡ

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֪ʱѾºǰһºӻǰˣֻ˵ͷ
һ̣˶óǰЩ֣ղһɲǣ˷Уһ˿ɣį
ջҪȥǺˮ֮ƺЩ꣬⼸춼ҿˡ
ˡº˵ͷͣһ˵󣬶ȥˮˡ
Ŵԣƺһ漴㷴Ӧ˹ڽˣ
ֱ̧ۣ߰ɸֵ壬ǿ֮δ־磬һһԽԽ
ȲǰҪȥ㻹û˵۵ʲôط
š
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Σյĵط
ϸѰ˼뿪˹Ž̫ã֮ǰҲһֱһʺ쳾ɿླΣյĵطо˺棬Σյĵطˡ
ºǸطħԻںں棬һڻ磬̫徳ΪⷽҲԽ룬ǿڣֻᱻ޾ڻɡ
ں
ɫһʱºţһ±뵽һطħڣ
½ħڣΣյĵط֮һ̽ħڣҲ֪ħڣʲôʱº˵ĺںħڣЩơ
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Ҳһ·Ӧ˹˵ˣҼǵǰ常˵ΣյĵطںΣɽ롭
š
º˵ͷ˵ʹѾǧȥˣ˶ԺںĿ־壬δ˿١
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Ԩº˵ĸ֡
Ԩ
һ£δ˵һ֪ʲôõطҪȲ˺Σյöࡣ
š
º΢΢룬˵ؾ䣬ֱħ䣬ۣҲ˴Ԩ棬˴潫ⲢֻǴ˵
˵ţʣ˵ȷǴ˵ǰ֪ǧѹڴԨ棬δ˴
º̫žһȻ䶯ᣬ֮ǰҳȥ̽ླƽƽûκι۵Ĵţɼ⼸ǧȷʵųҪõۣ˳ɹ
ԭˡ
΢΢һ֮ǰǰ³ȥԭѾǰ̽˹з֮¡
ºֵʹѾȥǧ꣬۵ĸԷֻ̫صõֻδԸ
˴ü΢΢һ˵Ȼˣ²˳٣ǰǻǾȥںɡ
š
º˵ͷ˵ں棬һڻ磬ѰڣǶˣһںˮ壬Ѿ޾Ǻڻʴˡ
ŴԣֲһȻǰд֣ѽһãһںˮ壬ֻΪǶǿҪǣ޾Ǻںĺڻʴ
߰ɡ
º˵ţһԾˮԨȥ漴ϣصȻĸо֪Ǻˮ棬һʱ䡣ʦץҲȥһˣֻ̫ص̫ȸţĳܿͻ
Ӵ˴һֱߣһ£ܵں߰ɡ
ڳº£һº˺ں棬ûеں⸽ǧˣããһƬߣź䡣
ǰǺں𡭡
ǰ޼ʵɽЩɽ嶼ǺɫģûлľŹ֮УľûԼ֮꣬ںȴ˵֮ء
ҲѾܵǱĺڻϢħڣܵħϢȷʵżơ
ˣ콫ϵϢסʱºȻǰɽһ˵
⸽𣿡
ųºԣƲһȴδǱȻ˵Էмߡ
һ̣˸ԥ̽ϵϢסˣͬʱҲʶС


1785 ں
ڳºָ£ɽ棬һɺϢǰԶͿһɫϢȥ·
ЩڿеġɫϢǺںеġڻꡱžħڣħϢһڻʴ總֮ң޷ѣֻʹȥ
׼ˣͽУڻ̫أ޷ˣһ·Ǿ١
洫ºûһĺڻʴʮأ˽ں֮󣬾Ͳ״ӻˡ
߰ɡ
ҲٶԥǺڻȥˣ˵棬Χĺڻ꣬ʱǵؾϯһںˮ壬ãЩڻȻͣɵ֮ʱȴҲ޷ʴˡ
ڻ棬Щڻ꣬һЩƴڣҲСĽԼ֮󣬶˲ڴڻ磬˺ں档
ȥɽޱ޾ΪﱻںˣɽϿȣȴκλľޣ֮һƬųΨЩɫɽ壬͸һɸɭȻĸо
ں֮٣Ŵͨ죬Ҫֻں죬ܹˣһЩۺʵĴ壬ţǿ󷨣Ҳ÷ʹܴ˴ڻʴ
ȻںҲǶΪ۶۸ƮõĴ˵֮ðսںȻҪҵһЩϹʱĹ屦Ͼ˶һЩδ֪ǻֹȥ̽
Ŷ䶦ʢһЩδٵĹ屦ȻĳЩطЩطδؼöǺںħڣЩ֮أһ£Ѱ֮صĹ屦ѱ̽ȥˣʣµǾֻںЩΣյط
ΪʲôһЩ屦ܻһЩƫƧΣ֮أΣ֮صĶ˼ˡ
Ŵʱ˵Ľ룬ǰһ洫ºܹںˣȻЩʵǿܻ˵صߣܲͻ⣬ס˴νĿģֱȥԨҪطʱ䣬һǽôߣڣһ·ǰɡ
áƶԥ˴˶һۣǰɽȥˡ

ѩ׷ɣʱ봺ɽǵѩȴûûˣ¸ͣǲòա
ѩ
ɷѩһÿÿչسϰ̨ƾųдѩ׷ɣԺ棬ֳָ걻ʦ񵽵Ǹѩҹ
룬ԼΪʲôΪռʦ𣿿ʦѾһӶ಻ˡ
ԼΪʲôǺһΪ޵ĳ·ǺʥһһΪϵȨϧ;
ΪʲôΪ²֮£һڲ˺棬ΪֻţȴʲôҲˣ
ΪԼûʦʵΪβʦң֮䣬޾˭Ҳֻ̫صҲãҲա
һ̫չΪг˪ķתأءݶ̬Ǳ̫徳ǿ߿⣬Ҳˣڲ˺棬Ѫģ
ԼأԼʦֻ̫صܣһ죬Լֻ᲻ƴ
ѩôˣ
īµϲ֪ʱԣعҡҡͷֻѩ֪Ҫµʱˡ
ʱģ飬ϲһ֪̾һǰӲ˺ѩʼնԵ֮¹ģûа취ֻ̫صʵ̫ǿǰڳǸ޷֣Ȼֻѡ
ǰ꣬ҼǵѩҲµô¡
ʦ꣬𡭡
ѩĴѩǸʦģδ䣬ǵõһοʱһһԼѩﱧ
֮󣬲Ŵ˿е֪ԭʦɿླһָĽǰǿླǿ֮һûʤùĽ
ֻǧܹͳΣһΣ¥аڶΣǽԼ͵󣬶ǰγ֣ٶꡣ
˵գȥ⣬˼ڵģֻǧǰµһһУҲֻǴ˵
ѩǵãʦȥʱ߹һ죬̤뷽֮򣬾ͲҪȥҲҲȻʱףʲô֮ʦһκĺ֮
ֱˣ֪֮Ƿ˸޷󼰵ľ磬һֱŬֻΪܹһʦ
ᣬŲһӶʱ䣬Ϊ磬ȴѳ˼ǰ
˿̣ȡһͨѩɽָӽĦѽԻ̫ءʦĽʦǧ꣬ԽҲմȾʦ꣬ʦȴ˽Լ

аһƺƽմӲ˺ЩˣһＸԼĵطѪħǹ棬ɱӡ
ʱɱӵ깬У궼ɭ֣࣬һֻȸҲɲ
һص棬Ļ𸡶Ĺâɱǰڷһʲô
˿̣ϷаðǶһϹġԴ֮ǵʱɱڲ˺ĽãܽһƱԴ֮壬Ϊٻ󾳡
±֮˶˳һ·˼һûκϢླ˶Դ۲ֹɱӲԵ⣬ÿÿ뵽֮ǰǻһĻǻ̲סķҡ

ںʱѾȥ£ƽѾ˺ںƬںޱ޾ǧɽ֣֪ŶٴԨʹѰۣûʮϰ꣬ҲҲһǡԨºƺΪϤȻֹһ
ǰҪãŵԨ
šӦǿˡ
洫ºǰɽǱؾ֮أܹӦ˵Ϣأ
š
ƶ˵ͷȻҲܵõǰ֮˵Ϣ٣ΪҲͣӦһЩŵˡ
ߡ
ǰһɽɽһЩƵĹŵϹʱĶѾ˰ˣЩڵµĹŵ˽ƣѰ֮ˣ벻á
סϵϢǰ˴Լʮһɽ´شֻǰŴԼʮˣڴӵصϳһЩȻһЩɫĴ
ʲô˫üЩ˾Ȼںںռ꣬ռô꣬Ҫʲô
šӦڵˣǧˣǾȻûš棬˳º
ڣ
˫Ŀ΢֣֪࣬ºǣ취ɽƺأɽڻŲŵˣҪȥ
ŴԣƲԥһɽȥˣԼʱ䣬ɽвºɽʮգһƬῴһĹŵƬ򣬾ԨԶˣʱһιȥ
ǰƺϤȻҲõº赱꣬Ȼֹһ
ʱȻһ𵴣ֻƣȻԾ֮ѹ
˴ɽнƣߣڴ˴Ʊ֮ǰ뿪
ʱ洫ºһȻֻ˺ں£֪Ķ࣬ʱ಻ԥڳºָ£Ѹչǰȥ
¡¡
ƲѹЩɽ壬֮£˲ҷ𣬻̳ʵֲѡ
˭ﴥĽơ
Щɽ˲ʵĶǲѣɣҪЩ棬ҲЩɽһ³
ˣߡཫٶ˼ޣĽƣɵضһС
Լһʱ˲Ʊ⸽Сȫֹͣʱǰ治Զȴмҵ
ҪǴŵµĽƣǸңͨˣιȥǣҵۣҿûԨںˣ
Ҫǰߵ·ǻ±ߣ
ˣˣǵǽʲôģȵȡ˭
ֻǰһɽŴԼˣЩ˲ͬһţŵˡ
ʲôˣȻղƼǱɽӳ˷ˡ
Щ棬ÿŶһλΪߵĳϣȻҲǴ˺üǧĴţѽ
Ҫ֪Ȼֻ˰£ͽˣȫųºָֻ¶˾Ǻʮʱ䣬Ҳδҵ˵ˡ
˿̣˳ǰЩˣЩˣӦѾںܾˣһֹһνǵĿģȻҲۡ
ĸɵˣ
ＸŵˣʱͻȻֵƣܹģѰ֮ĳ֣д⣬һʱ䣬˾òᣬҲΪ۶ɣղŵĻȥˡ
ϡϣ
ʱɽһߣȻкƺ˭׷ţˣһɲǣӦĳϢϢЩϤ


1786 ԩ·խ
ϡ
ԽԽýֻ߷˹˽һɫ׭ȻѲ׷ɱ
ôˣ
һµվ˳˵װ磬֮ǰƼڵˣΪ̫صӣҲˡ
С׷ɱǣ
ӼҴԣŵɫɷףֹסĲʦ֡λʦ֣ɱˡǵĻ궦Ҫ볤ϸҲӲˡ
д
ʱһ۵ŭݣһڴٶ꣬˸д£һ˵ţһ⼸ŵɨȥ˵ɱڵӵˣ档
㿴ʲôѲɱˣ
ߣ
Ǻһ䣬ǰӿȥǿǿǵӣ֪ǵݣ
ڵĵŵĵѣֱҡͷһǻ궦Ǳɱˡ
죡
Ǻ߸˪Աһְסļ򣺡ʦգԷǳģΪȻͣʱ취ѴԨһ¸֪볤˵
ʱԶһһλųϵڵĶλϣҿ绹ǽǰ鷳ɡ
Ŵһ˵ĿȫϣһɲǣպȻñһЩˣѶɱģ˵ļųϣΪ㲻÷ǳߣںںȻΪߵĳϡ
ʱλڳҲ˿˹ɱһǰߵ֪λСγƺ
˵֮ʱзһɫƾܵɱʱﴫ˳ºšڣѾڣˣֻжڵΪҪ֣͸ɾһЩ֣ߡ
λСѡβ˵
ɱԽԽأֹڵϣͬŵˣͬҲɱġʱղڵķ򣬺мӰ˹
ϣǣǣˣ
ӰڵĵӶʱŵû겻壬ֻӰɽ棬ˣ뷢׵ߣֻǰˣƺδ̫徳ɺǸɫĮµߣƺǶ۷塣
ؽš
ڵĳŶˣǰûκвǸж۷Ϊȴò裬ֻжڵΪ֣ҲδصеùԷ
ʱ߿ڵδ̣λγƺιڴɱһڵӣ
𽥱ñڳ˶ǰߣȻȥֻж۷ΪɱϢȴ˴һأ֮ѹЩݶǲһ㡣
߲δڣɫĮǰû̫徳ߣʱȥ˿δλ̫徳ĳϷһ䵭ѸղŵĻ꣬
⼸ŵ˾һ˺Ըţ徳Ϊ͸ҽ̫徳޶ãֻһֿܣЩ˱ʵ޴󡭡
ϡ
ڵĵŵɫҰףȫ²ֹŻһ̣ڵλϸɫ˪ˣ۳ϵɱһڵӣһ֮ǻб¡
µ˲䣬ܺȻһȦɫףϢһ˲ǿ࣬ɾʱԶִһǵ۾úÿվǰ˭ڣֻ̫صҪڣֱѴ֮
ǻ£мӰ߷˹Ϊ׵һµӣһȣֻɫǰȣ΢΢ǷǷϣǱʣµļˣˡ
˵꣬Ǻǰȣֻ̫صĶҲãӻǲС
ֻ̫ص
⼸ŵˣþڵϣʱͬоɫ¶ӸղǾ仰ʣ¼ˣˡ˵Ѿʣµˣȫɱ
ôҪҿ˵ڶ𣿡ǺĮһ˵꣬һӣһöﳯλϷȥ
ݡһ³ϽסʱһȻֻ̫ص
ѸղŵĻ꣬򡭡
һɲǣȻЩˣ³ɫ΢΢һ䣬ӳ˵
ϡ
һ૵ǡǴ˴۵Ļ겻Ļ볤Ǳߡ

³ɫһӻһټ˵ȥˣֻȡĺɫ궦ΡΡǺȥ
ˣ͵ˡ
ȥɱ˰ڣʱʦܣڶ˵Ļ궦ȥ
ߡ
˻궦֮󣬺תߣ⸽ż̫徳ųϣ˭Ҳȥֻ̫ص顣
ڽҲֻԣʱϽָֻŶԷɱ˶꣬ȥ˵Ƕˣǽ볤ڴˣ֮ΪҲδظҶֻ̫صˡ
š
˽֮ʱȻ䲻֪δһ䵭꣬Ҫʲô
عѭȥ˵ģǸղصˣղעֻ̫صЩϣ·ˡ
ô£
ʱǺҲ߿˹ڷ򣬲ǣһʱƬ̣δϳ
룬֮ô꣬ǲΪŶ֮ˣҪѹס۶ˣ
ԣֻ̫صǼ˽һһ߼ʲôˣʱһֱɫߣҲ˹
ӣ˵ˣںϹħ꣬۶ȷʵʧΪһЩ޴ڴ߱ˣһھŶµˣҲԸˣ
㣡
ǰߵߣɫߣ𽥱ص㣬ת



1787 
㡭ת
ֳսţ˿ڵˣǼŵˣɫض棬ǽںѾã鲢Ҳжţȥڲ˺Щ顣
ھʲôǲֻֻ̫صйأǰˣȥֻ̫صżĹڡ
תûУ
Ǻ䣬ҲȻһɱѻ˵֮ʱתһ˫Ԩ㺮۾ֻ̫صǼȫ˸ڳŵˣһ˲䣬еһ޾ǵĺ䡣
㡭һ
ģ߶ʱɫһ䣬ڴ֮ǰһֱһɽӣɴʱһоܵطӦ˳
һֻ̫صĴѰ䣬ǰǰɳȥ˲֪ˣȻླҲѰˣƫƫԷ˼һȴڴ˴ǼܲЩӸûм֣ˡ
һ˲䣬ǰ߷ӦҲ룬Ѹٴȡһö㣬㣬ָһҪ洫ȥɻûüﴫһѪɽߵʱһҽУ˫ۣˡ
ÿٶȡ
˸ûܿ壬ڳѾ̤̫徳ųϣҲȫӰ˻δӦֻֻ̫صüѱһѪԪҲ˲ˣͨһϵȥ
ԱһͬûܷӦûʦôģԼ׼Ҳ˳ȥ
һ㡭
ǿͷڿУȻ˵ֻ϶Ǿ֮ɫԪҪһ˲ӳȥʱһ䡱һӲǽ
һ̫죬˸ûγֵģһɲǣɽȵʱ̫۷ߣ˫ֲϽӡδʩչֻеϢһϣסˡ
㡭ܡ
۾֮ɫ̫ˣ쵽㲻ʶȫ϶Էٶȡ
쪣ֶָֻߵĺָԳʽɫħָħָס˵ֻж۷ΪصΪҲѲ
ѽħָ¯ֻ࣬ʼֻһָȥˣڿ˵ȫʹָˡ
ȫˣղһ˲䣬һ˲䣬ûκ˿壬ٶȣֱ޷
㡭һ
߽ЩѣĿֵؿǰ˪ˣôܣŶ̶һ꣬лԵ컯̶һʱ䣬ΪҲˡ
Ŀˡ
ħָһ󣬡һҽУ߾ֿӲǰ𣬻ɣΪɻҡ
硭糤ϣ
ԺΪ׵ǼӣŵûɢվԭһҲҶĿֵؿ糤϶۷ΪôܣֵضûС
ŵĳĿۿŸղһĻȻҲע⵽ɫָǾʲô˿ֲһѾ̤۷֮ˣⲻһ˲
˵棬ϲŵһˣҿǰˡ
ʣ⼸ˣԼɡһ˵ţһǰȥˣ仰ȻڶԻ˵
ֱʱϲŻعֻ̫صʣǼˣһƴ׵ĸһŲǿǺ۳µ⼸˸׹Ԩæ֮ǰĻ궦óŻŷ˽¡
ǡ
һȥѰ˼֮ƣһ˲䣬Ǻ۳ǰһ죬סĺݺݵղǲ˵ֻ̫صҪһڣ練ơ

Ǻӱס˵ղķ糤ϣӻڵλ̫徳ϣƾУԷҪɱֱһֻϻ򵥡
Ҿ·
۳ɱģʱһ£顱һǺһ±㱻ĵ
ʦʦ֡
ʦǼӸŵ޴룬Ҳѣ۳һ䣬һֻ̧һƬҽǼ˵ĻǣǱ˳˵ϵĻ궦
ɽȣһ±ðֻϵļʬ壬ȥ⾪Ŀ״µĺǰȥŵæ˿ҵ·
ǰ·ΣգλǾʹֹáװ׶һ˵ţһߺǰȥˣӰԶȥ
ֱãɽＸŵ˲ȫعŵֻ̫صЩ˵ʬ壬ʱ˲е£Һǿʼûж֣޷뵽˾˿ֲʵ
ʦ֣㿴ղˣΪڼأʱĳһ۵Եʦֿʵһɲ
Աߵʦ˫üò˵ΪϢҲῴֻжأǸղšղչֳʵֹأءܣԲܣû˿˼ޡ
ô죿Ҫȥô֪ͨλ̫ϳ˵
ԱߵʦԵΪղŶԷǾ仰ھǣ˱ضҲΪ۶һִֻ̫ص˶ɱҪɱǵĻӲκԥ

ʮ֮һɽ˴͵֣Ҳһ컯֮أֻʣһƬƬĺɫɽ壬һϢ
ЩɫɽϣԿɼһĹŵʹúԶҲܸܵ洫ĽϢ
ǳǰ˵Ƭˡ
ǰ棬Զһ۴αȵĹŵǵﻹǵ⣬ֻһɫɽ壬˽ƣҪȥû㱾Ǿֻһ
ǰһɽŵƬ̺Żعͷ洫ȥһǰǵ˵Ľˣôߣ
šô
һŴºԨѾܽˣ˴ϹŽƣͬһ㣬ƽ֮޿ֻͨߡһУͲٻͷˣ׼ˣȥɣһһ·ôߣԼƿĽƣšҪһҵʱ䡣
á
ԥƶһۣ̽Ƭһ棬ʱܵһɿµϹŽƣѰǽУСĲвòȵĵطⲻ˻ɢ³
һ·гºڰָơᳵ·˽¹ȥˣˣû꣬ǵ
һգһ֮أ￴ȥĹѨһΧʮŵаײɥң˻δ߽ܵһɷֹ֮ǰ
ȵȡ
ʱҲ˳ºǰĽ̫ɷ˵񣬽Թȥҳ󡣡
ǰҪ𣿡
˿ﵽϹŽƣǰһΪȻߣɱϾûһĽˣ»Ԫشο˵ɷ֮ʵ죬Ҫʲô󷨲ܶԸ
š
ʱºѾ棬ǰ漸ŵǧˣһУûб䣬ҲȻֹһ򲻻Ϥ
죬Ҫڴ˲һмǣǳ֮ףҪΪɡ
ºأ˿̾˵ЦҲҴ⣬ʵ󣿡
㡢׻ʬȸͷº轫һһ˳
㣬׻ʬѵǣ
Ƶʱɫһ䣬̫ʱڣ׵Ҳ޷ѹֻԸ׼񣬶ҵ죬Ҳ޷֮Ĵ״֮ˡ
ɷѹɷ
ʱƲһǰҪԴԸɷ֮⸽ĹѨ֮£Щʲô֮ˣţɷ֮޷ĥ𡭡
ºᣬǡ˻׻ꡣ


1788 ˻׻
˻׻ꡭԣһʱԺ𵱳常˵һЩ
ǰԶЩɷڵ׵˵Ϲǿߣɢؼ䣬ǵɷ֮γ׻꣬Щ׻겻Ϲս꣬ղ𣬳ֻءһ֮أۼ֮ʹЩ׻ɷء
šº΢΢ף֪һЩ
ĬȻβ֪ΧôϹŵħ꣬ʱоԼһ֮أһΧꡣ
ºֵֻ˵һ룬ȷʵ˻׻꣬⸽Ĺŵʵһס˵ɷ󷨣֪ΪҪѹס˵ɷ𣿡
ϲ⣬ʵΪΣ
º迴ǰһŵʱ·ǰĻһ˵һˣɱأһռɱʮˣ˳ɱΪһĹ̫أʹɷɢ
˴ºͣͣǰ߹ŵ͸ɷ֮˵Ϲս꽫ɷѹȴû뵽ɷ֮أö֮ЩϹս꣬ؼɷ֮γ׻ꡭЩ׻ֻ꣬أ֮УɳΪ˻׻ꡣ
֮¶˾ɫǰһŵȥ૵ǰ˵ɱ֮Ĺò±߰ɡ

º֮ѹ˴׻ֲ꣬¡̫Ű˻ڴˣǺ˴ֱʣ̫ã޴׷ݡ
֪ˡ
ƿǰһŵһˣ˵Ȼ˴֮Ͱ˻ס׻꣬ʱվˣҲۼ֮ϵЩ׻ԭеɷ֮ʹŴҲѱ֤Щɷ֮͸Ѿȥôã󷨵Ҳͺľˡ
š
ºͷˣ˵ȥҪڴ˲󡣡
֮ѳɣ㡢׻ʬȸͷѪ֣ºλ󷨵м䣬߻һʱ䣬Хֱ֮ͷƤ顣
⡭
׹է֣һֱǰµ㲻üף˴ѪҪɷǧѪÿ󷨵۴һס÷ɲ֮ˣ֮ʮ鷳Σա
ʱ󷨻δɷĳ̶ȣɳº£Ҳһ㣬ʱ󷨵۴Ѫɳ潫ǰǹŵµɷ֮ѹ˵صס
ʱۼǰǰ˻ɷ֮챻صصˣȴʱȻһ𵴣ºλ󷨵м䣬ʱҲԪһ
ǰôˣ
ƲҲղǹ춯ѵǴ˵ѹİ˻׻ꣿԡղŵ춯Ǵ֮ǵصװ˻׻괫춯
иڸ
ºһȫһӣ֪λڴˣɷһֱ룬һڸѵղŵ춯
ɫһղ벻ڸңüǰΣ𣿡
ȵȡ
ʱºλм䣬Ȼﻢ£ʱɣô˵䣬һǵصĹѨİ˻׻ƴ˴ƾ鷳ˡ
ʱٴδ춯ֻ۴׹һһѪ⣬ͬʱº֮ףյٸߣֻʣ»꣬ĵѪУҲǵԪشɡ
ǰСģɫ䣬ɴʱȹ󷨣ȴǰ
ؽš
ĵѪһ˲䣬º˫ֽӡ϶ʱΪӰ֣ĵѪ赲档
˵ĵУ²֮¡
º΢ղŵסĵѪʱԳ˵վҴˣΪңôҵ
Χ˿˭ڸ
ȻΧտյֻЩŵκλüʵʶܹ̽쵽Է𣿡
ҡҡͷܲ˵꣬мĳº迴ȥǰҪȥҿ𣿡

ºɫһ˵ܹԶҵ󷨣˱ضżǧĵУ㲻Ķ֣ߡڲ뿪
΢΢һͳǰһĵУѵҲǼǧǰˣҲһꣿ
šס󷨣ҿҪΡ
ºѸ侲ѡһСĳ󷨣һǰһõɷ֮ӿ½ʮ֮ڣܴȥˡ
ڶѡ񣬱գȫȥһ밵˶Կһ߼ѹ˴˻ɷ֮գܽɷ֮ʱѹȥ


1789 ׻
ڳº˼֮ʣ棬һѪһø쳣ɫһ䣺ǰСģ
ºһ˲䷴Ӧ˫һ̧ĵѪֵ⣬ʱһ˵ҴˣԭΪǧѹ˵ɷһЩ룬ˡ
ǳ֮ǰᵽ˴ʱǰͷǳ֣أЩû˵ԭΪ˳ȥⲻ˻Ҫղ鷳ʵ֮⣬ʵЩʲô
šʱȹ̺󷨱ǡº΢΢Ŀ⣬˵ԷҪҶұ
£ֻȫһ˫ֲסӡܵʱɷɷ׹ԭɷޱȵĵѪ⣬һɲǣȻ淴˻ȥ
ͬʱڰ֮⣬Ƭһطֻһŵ沼һ󷨣׹˸֮ϥһµߣ߿ȥʲôаޣȴһ꣬꿴ȥаɷࡣ
̫һϣôˣ
ʱ棬һӣŻһö壬ŰӣΣ֮أȥУ֪Ǻźɵ£һԿתܹ⸽ɷ֮ȫ⣬һ
š
˿̣۴Ͽʼð亹˵ԷӦǲˣڿʼˡ
ϻ
ʱĹŻ󷨣ܷ֣ǲŽйˡе˼ܹһʱҵĴڣһǽҾú档
ԣĽЦǰò׳һΣɱһС˸ͷȥɲ
ǹŻתͷ俴һۣ죬˵û˵ư͡ʼ磬ֻЦЦ
ǹŻתͷ˵˵ĵУ֮£еúˡ

˵Ǳߣ棬׹ԽԽأºһӦ԰˵ֶΣһά󷨣˴ɷ֮ӿ
ڰʱΧ󷨺Ȼ䣬Ѫз֮󣬳ºֶ֪ĳֶΣʱԥ˫ӡһ䣬Χ󷨣Ȼƶʼ任λá
¡¡
ףĹŵҲصµɷ֮ԭѹȥһ֣ʱֿʼϻӿ
ǰ
һ˱任λãɵֵ˵Ĺһ󷨲ȣܻܿᾪµ׻ꡣ
ˣ˺󡣡
º˿ϵı飬ƺǴ㶯üˣüͷ壬ջǺ档
㡢׻ʬȸסɷ
ֻºָһۻ͵һȥĵֱעۣʱΧɷ֮ȫӿȥ

֮⣬ŵ֮£߱ɷһ壬ʱɫҰףǵŻ꣬ҲͻȻ˴һ㣬Ԫ͵һЩ֮ɳȥ
̫һϣǰ
һأǸһֱԵĽӣҲɫһܿ죬һһ
ȻûͲ˱ԪҲգҾͺú桭
Ȼ֮䣬ǹŻɫñ䣬䣬Ҳָһ͵һ³ȥһָǵصİ˻׻꣡
¡
һ죬Բﶼص׵ɷ֮ͻȻðºɫһ䣺ˣ˻׻ꡭ
ɷɷɷ
صɷ֮ͻȻ淭ӿһʱΣУº輲˺󣡡
ǰ
¶ɫ֪ʱΪͻȻһ¶ˣɳǰѵƾһס˻׻֮
ƣ˺󡣡
糱ˮӿɷ֮ʱ˿ңļ֮Уһٻʥһӣʥһӣ
ɷɷɷ
֮Ϣӿʥһƾնֻ֣ʥһӣҲûκεҲаеֻϺڣһΪľĸо
֡
ʱֵʥһ꣬һһ֪ʲôһ½ʥһӽסˣʥһӣȻꡭ˵ʥһѾˣǰ꣬㲻ʥһӡ
ɷɷɷ
ӿɷ֮ʥһӵ˿޾壬һ£ӿȥǲɷ֮ȫȻֵ档
ǣʥһӵֵǵضɷ֮ҲǲΧɷ֮ԽԽأǵصҲʼпֲǵһľѡ
Բɷ֮𵴲ֹһŵȻʼѺۣҪһ
ˡ
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¡
һ죬ȸȻƣص׵ɷ֮һ·ӿɷҰиХ֮ڶ˿ֻ󣬵󷨶ѲѺۣҲ֧Ųסˡ
ǰɣ
üͷ壬Ҳ𽥱ýȻҲ뾡ȥԨõۻȥʦɳºӿʼѾˣöԷڴ𣬴˴֧ŲסֻѰ·ˡ
˻׻Ѿʱȥ󷨣¡
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ǰ˻
µ׻ѾҲȫɫһ̣ºڲò˻ضߣҲͬʱһԶ֮أһʶԪ񣺡º裬ôˣȻôδëͷСôҪȥԨô
ʶȫ֪ҲǴ⸽ǼԶһطº贫ʶ޹ء
޹أǺǡǣ޹أǧˣº裬Ը˵꣬κǸ˵ˣ㲻Ϊƾɷ󣬾ס˵صİ˻׻ɣο˵Ļ꣬൱
ʶºһʱЩԺ˰죬ҲûӦǰô죿ҪȻ߰ɣǰǰ
ºڻعӿɷ֮üѾˡ
֮ʱºȻһֲţЩ˻׻꣬Ȼ˳ؼ䣬ͻȻ֮Ǳ˿µһ㣬İ˻׻꣬ŵϹħ
⡭
׻꣬ɫɷףֹߵħӰʱ׻꣬ࡣ
ֻҲоóЩ׻ɲʲôħӰӣʵʵĴڣÿһϹ׻꣬ʵС̶ȣҲ
İ˻׻꣬ܵص֮£һӿµĴڣҪΧķӡƳˡ


1790 Ԩ
ɷɷɷ
׻꣬ĹХ֮Ѱ֮˼һĻֻŵý̱򶨣
һ̣ȴǰȥŴ˿İ˻׻꣬ؽڣںҲ⡣
ȻЩ˻׻Ѳ𣬿֮䣬ҲͬΣʱ˿̣Ѿ뷨뷨ճֱ֮ʱѾȻˡ
֡Ҫʲô
һԺһֳָ龰֪ҪʲôǰЩ˻׻겻ʥһӣЩ˻׻ܹԦȻһŽҲԽЩ׻ꡣ
ȻͻƲˣǾԿ
£һ·ɵ˿УΧɷ֮ӿǳܹס˻׻꣬Ϊãôȥȸȳʦʤ㣬󣬶ºҲ֪һϹʱ಻ԡ
ɷɷɷ
һ˲䣬׻͵س˹̲֮ڶĿЩ׻һɲǣʩչ˳֮䣬ʱ֮ϣ졣

˻׻꣬ײбʩչһ˲䣬ЩϹ׻꣬Ȼȫ˿УǱһ֮סˡ
ɷɷɷ
һʱ֮䣬֮쳹أ֮ϣҲһ绮Ƴգ﷭ӿҪж¡
⡭
ɷףһĻҪ£Žʲô˿̣ºҲü˵Ҳδ
ʵ̫һŽɴ󷨣ԻֻؽǵʥһܼºԶ֮ϣҪҲԶԶ
ֻؽ֪ǿã˻֮һڤˣı֮£Կӵľ츳ܼĻ֮һڤҲĶ֡
ӴŻۻ̻Żܹۻ͹̻õ٣ûá
ڻ֮һϵ츳ҲԶԶ˿ӵԤϣֶΣǼΣգδʧܹ
Ҫ˵ʧܵĻҲΨǰһΣǴ壬Զ˵һػ֣ȴ˶ԷƣõʱпڣǴαضԪˣһΣҲ״ζýʧ⣬ࡣ
˿̣׻걻Ԫ֮ޣ׻꣬汻ֻؽˡ
⡭
ĿɿڴºȻó˿ҲգУҲɻŻȻǻһˣ˻׻꣬С˻׻궼Ǻ
ʱصȻһɼµ֮ºɫ΢΢һСܹס˵صİ˻׻꣬ԪܳܵļˣܻԸ˵ǸڣҲǡ˴ĹѨˡ
֡
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Сӡ£
һɲǣº赱ϣǰʣΧŵҲδȫֻܽˣѹȥ

Լʱ⸽ȶѾصصףĹѨ˳˯˻׻ҲˣΧ𽥱ð
ǰ
ֻºӰ֣ȻգԪ֮ҲĹ󣬱̻ص롣
ȵȡһûн
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ԣƲɵ΢΢һʱ뵽˵ǽˣ֮ǰǰˡô
Ǻǡ
ʱԶһЦ˻׻꣬ɷ벻СС˸ˣѵһ
ʱֻԶһŵ棬߳һӰ˽»ֳȣ֮ǰǸӣ£һɰزɼϢ˴ɷ֮׵ֵ⡣
ڰе
е
ӵһЦ˵ϣҸĿģǸڴ˲󷨣˵кһ£Ҳ޲ס
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˼Ƭ̣ºλĳԸ㵽ס
Ŷ
ǽӵһЦǲ⣬ƿ⸱ģ˵оգҪڰеΣգʲôˣ
ʲôˣЦЦ磬²¿
һӣ䵭ôòֻ̫ص׷ɱĳ˰ɡ

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ԼԲмŶô˵¿϶ûֵˡ
Ȼ֪ǰˣֻ̫صˣֻ̫صϣһϢĹйأǰϣǵûκһ˿ϢһϢԵϢ
߰ɣҪڴ˵ʱˡ
º֪򵥣һ˻Ϣ伸ܹɣٿ䣬ڻǾȥԨΪ
ߺŵ棬߳һӰȴ֮ǰߣȥķ˵Σٰǿ⼸˵
Ǻǡ
ȣȥķ򣬵ЦһǧǰĻ꣬ټ߶ѡ
ʱģ飬߲üͷ΢΢һ壬˵ٰǵó֮ǰʦ˵ĻԶҪС
֪֪ˣ޷ʲôۣŮЩҶ˵һٱˣ̫š
ꡭ
û漸˵ڣ߱ҡҡͷٴοȥķ˵꣬ð棬Ҳδȥһ㣬Ӧаʱ˰ɣ
ǡʲô
֮󣬽ЦǱ̾Ը棬ڷյͽܻĲͻأҲ׷ɱڵãߣˣʵ
ٰһºֹ˵ȥ飬𽥱
ӿȴδͣ£ѵ˵ΪҲ֪Щ꣬ʱ޿̵̲ҪЩǰţ̵̫һϣѵ֪һ𣿡
㡭
һʱ˵ߵʲôúܣ˲һĿ꣬ȸˣǰҪǲ̫ԸΪƾһ֮ܡ
㶮ʲô
ɫһ±ࣺЩܵȥֻһˣ˶Ըȥðգֻ֪һ֪ΪҲҪ
Ϊ
һ䣺ҪԸ޴ֻ̫صԪûӳҲûֱǸЦ
סڣ
ͻȻ䣬˫ĿԲŭȫ£Ȼ˻ϢΧգҲŤһ㡣
ǿİ˻֮һ𣬽Ӷʱȫһǰ̫һҪƵģ㲻֨ˡ
ûУ
ʱǹŻŽϵİ˻֮ȥȴǵǽӣһ䡣
ˣ͸ϽȥԨȸղȵ۵ˡ


1791 Զ
ںޱ޾ǧɽܲԨǲѰһҵԨûпܣǸҲ޲ǽϰꡣ
ǧںĵα仯󣬳ºڵĵΣҲȻǵƬ֮ʱ䣬ҵԨ
Ԩ޾Ҳ޵ףΣϵԣΣȣư磬̾Ϊֹ֮ϣ𵴣ʧ׹ԨҲҪ
ǴԨô
޾޵׵Ԩһɲǣһվƶ˵Ĵ±޵׵Ԩ·Ϲžһ̴棬ǴսһЩǷ紵Ͽȵһ㣬ľ
š
º迴ǰԨԨˮ¸޵ףǴ˿ɽһǶ㲻ϣ˺δǷԨ£ΣյĵطԹҲ֪
ǧʹҵԨˣҲ˵ǲңΪǣԨ֮ˣܹ۴Ԩ´޵Ԩ֮£ĳϹŽһȥˣҲ޷
ʱºȥ˵ǴԨ֮һΣСӣҪȥô
ȻԨ´ĳЩϹŽɣһ·ĽƸҪµö࣬ºڣ޷ûһЩɣԪҲҪС
ΪͻͽͨʮҲ࣬ɱϾΪû̫֮±ߵĽɶԣͬģֻһȥ
˿̣վ±ϣΣԨһѾǵΣ֮ˣһΣоõԨ£ΣѶţ֪жˣǱΪߵǿߣȥˣҲû
ǣֻһλᣬҵۣȥȸʦ
ǰ֣ǡϱ߰ɡ
תƺͳº迴һۣȻѾȻòҵԨˣ֪һ˺һ
֡
ƽָֿ·ƵԨüһҪСģʵڲУ취
š
˵ͷº迴ȥʵǰۣǻʲô
ºۣԶʱڣɣۣÿϽһƬ۵ϢʮǿʶܸӦõڣҲضʮգѰжΣա
ã֪ˡ
˵ͷºֵڽˣҲˣȥ֮󣬿ܻһЩ
š
Ԩ濴˿ղԥͷ˿ƺͳº󣬱һԾԨȥ
֣
һ̤ǰôȥˣʵľѣºһ죬Ԩ·ѾʧӰ˵Ԩ֮£Ѳ⣬ҵڣܳɹ

£δԨ»ˮĲ֣棬ѾǺ֣Ԩ£ѾԶˡ
Ȼºԣ治䳹ǣͬʱϹŽƣʶֻܹܵСܿЩڣⴥ
Լһ˴Ԩ棬ܹ׵ĺˮˣҲͬʱ֪Ƿ֮ԽԽԽԽ֮Ƿ
ɫһѵ±ߣĴ𣿶ǧһ
żмأһʱѾǰǳؾ֮ٿ˵еˣЩ񻰴˵һռټһӴʧ˵УҲ
ɽ飬ˮ
ǰԨˮ濪ʼǧˣһ֮ҲϴС


һ֮ʱ쳹Ԩֻˮ淭ڣһˮԾ˳νԾԨˡ
ס˺ǰһĻ˿һΧߣϷ̱֮ǧħӰҪģϸ֮£ЩʵѾˣ̴ֻ棬Ų
ˡ
ԨȵϹ꣬һ̣֪ΪΣͻȻһɣ֮УϹŴ˵ǲĴڣһʱҲˣ¼ʲôųģ


쳹أΧߣɵһʱͻȻˣʱˮƽųʲôҲûУûϹ꣬Ҳûֻ֮Ƿᴵ֮ѡ
һǸղָоޱʵĸоʱǻļһΪΡῴЩŵꣿ񵱳Ǻϣǧŵħ
Ǻǣ㻹±߰˼֮ʱԶȻһЦ


1792 
ķȥֻһվһͱͻʯϣȣ֮ǰǽŵˣû˵Ϣֻһˡ
ôҲ۵ģ
ӿһЦȣָָ·Ԩֵǧ֪жѰۣնԨˣΪܹҵۣ
㣬Ͳڴ˷ʱ䡣
Ŷô
ӵһЦֽȴ򿪣˵ǾͿҶˣ˭ҵˡ£һ˲ʧӰ
عͷ·ԨԨˮ֮£֪ߣԨ޾۱ȻԨ֮£Ԩ棬֪ŶΣգҪҵۣһյ顣
£ҲԥԨˮȥˣһˮףʱֻ統ɽǱ̶ˮ֮£Ѱҡ̶֮ۡʱһʱɱ䳹ǵĺ⣬ȴ֪Ժδ
Խ£ɺԽܵҲԽԽǿźΪҪˮϢѲʲô£ֻǲ֪Ԩµж֮ˣ⣬ȴǱԨ
֪˶ãԨףѰգֻһЩǷ΢âʵţԨ֮£ϹһɳǣԶž£ģ
źѰңԨ֮²ƽ̹ЩطЩطŰʹٸߵΪҲ׿
ȥ˴߰գÿһգصԨˮ͸ԻָЩˮǱȥֱգδҵ۵ټüΣյİ
ʮʱһգԨװӿĵطһŵǣȥĿģΧ洦ɼİһ֪ᱻ뵽ȥ
֮ʱȻһԨ£Ҵ⣬һǿܿһˮ£ٶȼ࣬ʵҲ޷ʩչʶ޷̫̽Զ
ݣݣݣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һܣͬʱָһҲǼķһָʱſ壬֮ˣصĽӡ
벻ȻҲҵ
벻ģȥˡ
˵ʱһǰȥԨ£ƵǲСԨ£֮𣬷·Щ꣬ͻȻ˹һ
Ǻǣ˼
ǽһҲͣǹɰ˻֮ʵһƴȥױ㱻ֵ
棬Ҫɱʲô£Ԩ֮£˵ʵѹһ¡
˶ãԨµİԽԽӿ𽥿˹ʶ̽׼λãƷһˣⰵǽȥ
⡭
ӰҪ밵򣬿ɲ֪ģһ˲䣬Ǳĳ֮סˣ޷ӿձǰһ¾˽ȥܿʧ
ջأɾջһ˲䣬һҲͳ˹һ̫죬ַڿУҲδܱܿⰵһʱʧȥ˿ƣһ²֪ȥ
ٴʱԼһŵŵˮ²֪ˣɿȥȴư磬ߣʮҸ˸ƺһɼصĽơ
𡪡
ŵ֮ʱȻһ洫һɿֲӿһˡ
ˣ
ֻǹŵ棬һ˳ֻȫ£ۣȫɷڣȥΪа¡
һ½Χһ˫飬һϣһҲҶоóǰֻʣ꣬ѲڣʵҲܶԿ˵ˮ£һھܽˡ
Сӣʲôˣôģ˵һ㣡
꿴ƺ쳣·ѾǧûпԨ֮ˡ
˿һ˶ۣ˵ҡȿȣţ͵±ˡ
ƨ
Ǻһ㵱СƭôϱؽƣСҲ򲻿ٲ˵ģһ㣡
ǰͷϹԲϹһϹŶ׶Ķ
ҡðɣǱһġ
ţǺһ˫۾ʵʲô֪ʲôط𣿡
ҡ˵Ǳˮģ϶ţðɡѰ۵ġ
ۣ
ǺͻȻЦβһɨʱŵҡΨǵʮʼտȻ
ãҸ㿴ΧʮûУ
šˣΣ
ȥʮĽƿۣͱѹŵ£򿪽ƣ²ȥ

˿Χʮֿ˿ǰ˵ǰʵǷˣûô²µòʮӦǡѹĲŶ԰ɡ
ɶķˣʲôʱ˽ƻˣҪһ㣡
ǰ
һ죬ҡҡͷ˫ŭɣСӣʲôûнϽģӶˣ
Ҫңûܹ⿪ˣҪȻƽ۸ңʮƣΣ

һЦ˫Ŀˣ֪ʲô𣿾ƾ㣬һδɵķˡȵȣϡ
ͻȻ䣬սϲһͷţֻеһͷƤ飬˵ǰҪˣóԵģûζ졭
ȵȡϣϤζ˭ʲô֣
֡һ
һʲôƨ֣ԣԣ㲻֣㲻֡
ǺͻȻһãҲ벻ǸǰûУ
СӣϻȥʮͨĽƴ򿪣Ұ۸㣡
Уһ㷴ô죿ʱһˡ
ӸۣҲһڰˣ֪˭Ӿһ죡СѣӶܸˣ
졭
ǰͷһ˲䣬о򵥣ųȥ᲻´ңǱ˭ѹԨµģ
ôˣӾ˵꣬ҺӦ췭ظ綼ˣʱ˸з˵СӺӦԪˣһ죬ӺӦӺӦң˵Ǹ
١һѵ˵ģȻǷ٣
Ƿ٣
ݺݵС٣͸һѣʲôٻ࣬ʲôš
ۣ
˳Ϊۣʱ䣬Ѿȥǧˡ
ǧꡭ
һѵǰĴ˵𣿲ԣ˿˵ۣǰ˼ۡ
Ȼأ˵
ѾЩȲҪ֪ЩԶʱڵ񻰴˵ˣΪߣǻһЩȥħ
Сзӡǧβɽ⿪ӡֽ´ҡû뵽ٻĴҴӦӦ㽫ٷӡ⿪ҺӦ˳Ѿ˻Ϊңûˣ
ü΢ʵȻأӦ𣿡
Ȼ˭죬ȻӦ񣬾Ͳֻǡ
ֻʲôԼˣȲʵ
Ļ䣬òŵ֪꣬ʲôС˵ʲôӼǵˣСΨв֮ĵλ԰ߣҪȥ񡭡˵֮󣬾ճ嵽̫ϣɱĴ
㣡
û뵽˴󣬸ȥ磿˵㱻ѹڴˣ

޵ҧгݣֵǡѵ񣿡

ʥڿ֣⣬ңӦϱᵽŶ


1793 
ô񣿡
쿴һֲۣʵصȻʱȷʵ˵ô磬˽ԻԼûסңһ֮£ǱԨֹ֮꣬Ҳ֪Ѿ
ôˣ
֪ΪΣ˿˵ЩϹ񻰴˵оԼͺѾһ죬оǺʱһĻ˵ĸоô£
̾˵ˣ˵ˡ
ʵһϹŶô˶ĸʵ㻹ûиң˭ѹģʮҲ˲µ𣿡
Сӣϻôô࣡
ͻȻֱɷ꣬ҪӦôãԪģСסңҪǷСңңܶˣǸˣȫʢʱڣһܸ
ЩֵĻʵԽϹ֪ˣپԼߣֻΣһ룬ʱ֪ˡ
һһͣ˵ˣСӣȥʮĽƴ򿪣һƿĽƣ
Ȱ۸ҡһ죬˵
𣡳Сӣӿ̫ŵһû˸ҸּۻۣŲһ㣡
˫ĿŭɣղͰٻЩº󣬵Ҳûд˵ô£˵֪ʮĽжǿһұǻҷ³û۱ˣ
ţ
ߵӿ˿˵ôӾȻˣֻǸˡţһЩ
ˣֻ֮һŵϣһƬƬ۷ɳԭ۸֮ϡ
ˮһƬƬɫۣǴ˵еۣЩһƺһЩɷ
ۣ֮Ͳ򵥣ʧȥۣʧȥһķۡס
֮һɫۣһϷȥ˲۳һۼסϡ
һɲǣֻеһɱϢ߱ȫͬʱԺ治Ԩ֮۵ǿѾܵˣ֪ΪΣһֲĸо
ۿɻס롮߲ͬʱڣΪʱ򷨲֣ٱƣԻۼסΪ֮ʱ޲ˣ򷨿ƣԻۡ
ճºһһ䣬ʱֶԺΪʱ򷨲֣Ϊ֮ʱ򷨿ơ
ʱģߵСӣһûʲôʶۣ֪Ǻˣ˷ӡѴǰҲˣ⣬ѸϣҪȡܹ֮ʹ˵ûѣԼһ£һƬһƬƬʹʹ۵Ѿˡֵˣ죬ȥƿЩϵĽƣ
ûǾ仰ۣ׻ʴ֮ʹ֮ǰºû˵
ʱعʱ۵ʴ֮ʹˣ˿ΧʮЩĽƷͬһ㣬Ѿȥô꣬Ľ֮˲٣ҪƿҲʮСģۣҲδصס
תһ룬ųȥջ᲻ѣ
Сӣʲô뷴𣡡ĥĥĻԥʱ¶һ׶ģŭ
Ȼᡣ
Χӣ˵ܵøңδĽƣȴһʼһŪˣ鷳ˡ
š⵹Ҳǡ
룬ϸƿƵķѸٻصǹŵƺԵЩСӣСһ㣬ŪˣСûˣ
ѣҲʮСģ֪˶೤ʱ䣬һһʮĽһһ򿪡
¡¡
Ԩ£ʱ𵴲ֹһ´ǹŵ˳ܹȥˣСӣ
⸽𵴲ֹ浣Ӳţ˿վԭأ䱸ţûϹȥ
վŲ͹ĥĥʲô
ðɡ
СĽ˹ȥצһ죬еǰ˶ۿ˵ҪĽƳȥһɣҪȽͳȥ
㻹ͦ塣
˵ʲô
ȡȿȣûʲô˵ǰ⡣
ã׼ˣ
ȵȡôҶȥ
ǲȻأѵð̧θ̧ȥ
⡭
׼ã
˲һǿ֮ͬʱһϢ³ȫ͵һ½ȥ
СӡлᣬǻټϣϤζڣӻбҪȥ
仰ˣֻգһۣѾؽƣصԨϷ⾪̾ϹȻǿ
ϵıϢڣ۵Ϣ۷ϹΪʱϣһֲ֮УԺ棬ҲԼԨľô¡
ۣ֮Ͳ򵥣ʧȥۣʧȥһķۡ
ʱߣĻۣϹãȴû֪۵ġҲȥ⡣

˼֮ʱؼȻһ߿Х֮ף쳹ɢʯ
һ»عס˺Х֮ض췢ġ
ֱãХ֮ʧؼ䣬ϵۣʶУסµĬģϵʱȥ״
Ҫȥƺͳº裬صʱȲ˹֣ΣҵղХ֮𣿡
š
˵ͷ벻ôԶҲˣºѾ˻ʱ洫һѾҵˡ
۵ƺ˷ӡһ֣Ҳã̫ǿҷܲסͬʱҲ󣬱졣
šܺá
洫º۵ϢиղŵХ֮ȻѾĳЩע⣬ڣٶ뿪ںߣ
á
һʱ䣬ƲŻص棬Ҫ飬ﶼǳжΣա
Ѿõˣڽ㻹˰˻׻꣬Σ洫˳º
ǰƳգȸ֮ǿڵΪȥʦۺͰ˻׻꣬ҲͬΣգǾʦץߣѾȥһˣٵˣϵԽãʦԽΣգֻ̫صЩˣȻҳԸʦ۶ķ
ߣ
ҲߡʦߣҲߡ
һ̣Ժ棬ֳָĳÿÿ۾ܿ췢һС
֡Ƽٳָһ˵һΣҲһȥɣ
Сҡҡͷȸ̫Σˡ
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˶˳ĬҲǳȸ磬ܿܡҲˡ
ѣΪ㣬ҲԸκȥϾȸȸЩߣĸȸ磬Ϊ֮ˡ
ʱºӻˣǰʲôºǽŵ棬ǿɻǵã
ɱ֮Ĺ𣿡
ƵȻǵɷѹסǹŵµ˰˻׻꣬һʲô´ڣǴ˵ɱ֮صɱ
һ̣ǲµ˳º뷨üǰ˵취ǹŵĴڣȸ硭

ºһͨһҲʱ¶ϲɫüüôû뵽Ųɱ񡭡һݴȥȸ磬ضǼɹ
СӣȱŸˡ
º迴˿ֵΪҪһµĶȸҪûȸʱ˭֪ء
⡭
Ŵԣһüʵǰ֪νɱȸ
ºȣҪȸġλáȻһ֮϶ʹ֮ǹŵµɱ֮Ĺܽɱ񣬳ɹȸ硣
ȸλá
üһҵȸһڣ⵹Ǽ򵥣ӵĳɽһȸڣ֮ǰ׷ɱҲ֪˳ɽġ
ھͬλãҪȸλã̸ףλͱ¶˳ȥˣ
üҪ˭ȸλڣླͨ챾£Уοϰǣ
Ҳܹȸλõˣ˾򵥣֪棬žֻ໹£ѵڣҪ̫ԶˣʦѾ֧Ųסˡ


1794 Ŵ
һǰǰʶ֪һ֮ˣʵǰ֪ܹȸλ֮ˣ
š
գº˵ͷ˵һһλ棬Щֻǲ֪ĺˣϲ
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ɫһºôһ˵һˣǲ򵥣֪ǿླη
º֮ڣ֮ͨ£ɽһ塣
һ塭
ĸ֣һǰ常˵صϣ˵ǵĹܹ֮κ֮£һǧǰй¶˥ܣѾˡ
š
º˵ͷ񣬾֪ŻʣһˣˡҲΨһĹŴˡ
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ܿ죬Ѿ棬ЩϵĽ̦ȻɼºǵһЩ̨ͤ¥߹ĹţһĻĻԼǰ
ƿЩ̦µĸߴҲЩԾǰֻ常˵һ壬ѳΪ˵ѾôһϵĴڣһУġ
ܹ棬²Ѱ֮ˡʱŵȻһĵһλߡ
ƺ䱸º̧̧֣ʾţǰһŵ˵á
ˣǰ˵ǼĹˡ洫ߵºѾ㵽һˡ
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ʦϵĶ
üһһ뵽ʲô̽˳˵ѽʦҵģ𣿡
Ĭº˿ϿȥʵǡǴӦ𣿡
š
ʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ͬʱҲм飬ǰæ
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Ҳáº΢΢ףȥСѣ㽫ѽȥɡ
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һ磬ŽˣºʵΣѾˣ
ƺҲŵĿţŴ˶ûа취㵽ȸλãǿ¿ླûܹ쵽ˡ
š
ֻݻִȡһö㽻º裬˵λãѾöˡ
Ŵԣ˿׻ǹŴˣֻƾһѽʦλãͨʦλãȸλá
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лѣһעġ
º˱ȭҪغںȥ²˵飬һȸȸλˣٸһµĻôһж׷ˣݾߡ
˲ԥ뿪ɽص棬ºǷֿжһغںʱһ֮϶ǽµɱ֮ǵ޷֮ͨ϶ȸ磬ֻȥɽһͨö񣬸Ӧǡ
ӹĻ񣬽ںأûһ˽룬ʵΣգοҪǰ˻ɱ׻꣬˵ǰҲСһЩ
šȥɡ
ºһʱٶԣںķȥˣƿʧĻӰ˫üջعͷ²˳٣֣Ҳȥɽɡ
ɽλһʺ쳾ɿླ֮ĳɽڣطΣɵɳô׷ɱҲɱˣѾλڡ
ʱ䣬ɿླһʺ쳾ǳƽȥȸ磬¶ླһʺ쳾κˡ
Ͼȸֻ̫ص±Ľ磬һɱȸ磬ҲǱ־ţֻ̫صʽսˣ˴νǺںɱ׻ȸ磬ضȸѪɺӣô˫Ȼǲݵľˡ
ͺñ˽һֲ׻죬Ѫɺӣ溵ȫ׻ŹֻҲǻ䲻ݰɡ
¡¡
һϹѾȥˣسºѾںںúһУ͵ƣȸˡ
˿̣ѾܹҹĻµĳɽˣ꼱УÿڲסǵӰϢɽǰ졣
֣취Ǳȸ磬ֱӴӳɽɱȥƿһֻ̣ȶԷ
ϢһŵֻҪһȸ磬Ȼᱻȸ֪ҪǱȥǲܵġ
Ǿֻһ·ɱȥˣһΣֻˡ
ƿЦһϹһʥһѪսЦ֣ܲܰҼ飬ҪΡ
ĳԼȥ˵꣬ǰȥˣƿЦһһ˲䣬ѽͨʮת
վסʲôˣ
ƳϢ˹󣬺ܿ㱻ɽˣЩǰνһһɽעѪɺӡ

һҽУ˲ѵѪԶ˾Ѹٸ˹Ҳֻͽѡ
ʥһӣ
еĽڵѪʱֱٻʥһӵ꣬ɽ˼˿һӰŵĵѡ


1795 ȸ
һ·ɽֱɱĵϣʥһڣ˶˿Ҫɱ볤ĵʱȻӰ˳
һ
ۣһѺɫµĹʹùֵˣЩˡ
ݣݣ
һ˲乥ⰵҹ֮£ӰΣʵ˵Ϊ̫徳ǿﲢ̫ߣĹȴǹ
֡ģ
ƻûӦ˲乥ȻĹֱԪ񣬾ΪٸߣҲֱӲ
ķӦٶȶһǰɱȣһ˲ܿˣһָȥݡһһָһϣȻȴʯһδκһ˿˺
Ŷ
ˣһ˲䣬ʥһѹһ̧еʱһ޴ĺɫӡǿīһ򹴻ʹȥ
Сġ
һ˲ܿǵĹֻ֮ãʥһ꣬ѾûκˣֻҪʥһһ£Ƿˡ
ʱڳĵһصصһʯ̨ʯ̨ϥһߣ亹乣ƣƺʲôӡ
ӵԣվһӣӵӣ˿Ĵϴϳüչʱʱ濴ȥȻֻعͷʯ̨ŵ常
常޷ͻ𣿡
šʱ漤ҵĴʵˣ
ӵ˽ڣȻб¹ʹŲסã常硭㡣
ôҪɽ𣿡
ͻȻĿһ䣬֪ѷǵɱȣҹͻʧܣҲẦ¶Է
˫ü˵˼ֻǡѽȣλѾڣ޷ڤλǰҲѾѪʬ硭
ߣҵҪûͷۣߣ
Ŀ¶⣬˵һȥˣüͷ壬ջǸȥ
˸һĴϣֻˡʬ˽ڶ˵Ľ£ʬǹʹ
ʹ
Ͼɫһ漴̧ͷǰģӣһ±͸һǿҵĳޣϹŵɱ˳ɽλΪ͵ĳϣҲ׹
ϣڼˡǰߣǴˣε׷ɱ
á
䣬䣬͵תһ¹ȥĴʱ缤Ϊڹʹ֮ϣֻȴûйʹ
飡һ죬һһƣȴױ㱻ֵ˰С
常
һôܣ常۷ΪȻδͻƣôᣬ۷Ĺ˿޷ˣ
㡭
ҲڱɫĿŵؿôܣܵõԷֻ̫صΪΪξ˿ȻĽס۷Ĺܣ޿ܡ
飡
ӻδعֻһɽѹһ˳ȥ
常
ɫһ䣬ѸǰӷסһɲǣѹӼӡ䷨δʩչ㱻ԷһѪ˳ȥ
ɫɷףſһ£ݡһһѪзɳȴһʮѪɽ͵سϮȥȻѷɽڶԷؿУȴһһײϳأ˳ȥ
㡭
Ӹɫ䣬ʱʶԷԭһףֲղһƴȥԷױסˡ
ȥѪʬ硭ɷǰ
һ̣Ѹ˷Ӧȫ͹˶ԷʵӻعҲ˿ԥһ˲ĵȥˣƼߣҲһɲ׷ȥ
һȸɣ
ۣ֪ɱ˿̣ܹסʱ䣬ȥѪʬ罫ɷ֮ǰʬڤǳɷɱСӡ
ĳǸξһȸ䣬䣬һ˲乥ȥ϶ʱ
ԷһķӲ˿⣬Ƭ̣ˣŶѾʥһɱˣһŨŨѪϢ˽
⡭
ŴʱѪϢһѾ𽥰ɱɽˣ˳ֻٱ
һ̣ϣһһѾԸˣ깥ɡ
Ǭλ
ͻȻһȣĵԭⳤĵ£ȴһ󷨣ʱŴ̮ǽһ˲㽫Уһ˲ѪʬǱȥ
ϹɽѪɺӣڸղĲУҲˣʱѪ죬һ·ֻʵ˽Ѫʬŵǰ
ʱŵȴЩ쳣ԪۣСǹŵȥɷǰûС𣿡
ǹŵûκҲܲϵϢЩѲӣҹˣ
һһСĽؿŵʱһ紵˳һ洫㡭𣿡
£һﱻ˳ˡһӽűߣȴһѪܵͷ

ӵʱĿѣ̧ͷŵſڳֵǵӰݺݵǺˣԩ޳Ҳˣҳɽɱ˸ɸɾ
˿̵ƣɫ䣬ɱ䣬񵱳Ϲ֮Ǳߣŷɥֻú롣
㣬Īǡ
һһ˲䣬һɱ䳹ǵĺ⣬Ӻʱһ׹档
ડડડ
ǱĽŲԽԽһˣСôƿĵˡ
˿ߵģʥһӣǿϢӶҲҶһ¡
ҲǸˣȸڽ磬ҿԸһʹ죬Ȼ֪
ƽƽԽƽԽǳ˾
ٺ٣ٺ١벻ݺһȴһҲգҲա
ӲЦһ֪ѾӲҹˣȻֻ˫һ̧ͳԼͷȥǣһɲǣһ˲Ϣһֶסĺ

ħָסȻصΪҲ˲Ϣ֮
˵ô
һ㡭ɫ԰˿֣ȴԼҲ
úʥһһͰ˵ȥ
ٺ٣ãá
𣬴ɱϣҹɽһˣܻóɣȻҪȥȸ磬ʹȸ磬ȸԸ


1796 Ϲ׻
ȸ磬磬һ岼ϷһĹֻ̫صȸڵĺ󷽣оŵֱʣǾŶ󷨽ơ
ΪסһȸȸĴ󲿷֮ȫ۵ȸά־Ŷ֮ĴÿҪĵǳ
ھŶ⣬ŰλΪĳҹأκ˿λϣ滹ʮȸ֣ԼȫѲأûκһ˿϶
ʱȸһûʵ޹ڵƻͨ˿һŮȸŮòȸߵŮˣȴûʢ˵ĸоǸһ޾֮С
ŮȸԵһֻǸ˼ҵŮһȸִʱ׹£Ϊȣ˴Ӵ˱Ե
ϧԪоʱʹȸҲΪһֻȥȥȻֻת⡭Ѿǵˡ
վֻǷˣʹȸ֮£ʹżתͬʱҲ޵һԪӤֻѾҪľһܻ˥ܣһֻΪ㣬ҲΪˡ
ʵȸݣֻ̫ص֪жŮҪԵƫƫȴֻһŮӡ
Ǹ磬㻹û˯ôᱧȸǸ绹ΪЩô
û¡
ȸḧ˸ͷתͷ棬˵۶ýûϵ۶Ԫľ֮ʱεֿѽȫټŶľʱҲλϵ֧š
š
˵ͷ῿ȸϣЩȻôף֪ǸʲôǶԵġ

ȸḧգʵ뵽ᣬ¹ϺȸҲˮһ档
ֻ̾˵꣬Ҫǲߣ񣬴Ҳᡭ
˵˴һ̧ͷ¶˳ɻ󣺡Ǹ磬ΪʲôǶ˵ѱˣö˶˵ģΪʲôҪѱ䣿
ȸü΢ջǿڵЩ飬ʵһֱ֪ʱգʵҲ޷ĲڰǰѾˣѱǸֻ̫صߵĲ
ʲôһʱЩģˣм
ȸ˫ü΢Ŵҹɫ˵Ӧֻ֪̫صͷһֱ̫Ű˻˰ɣǼ£ҲǺ֪ģǰ˻˳һˣǰ˻˵Ĳֻ̫صĿıǵֻϧҵʱˣҷʱѾˡ
ʵǾʲôǸ磬Ը𣿡
ȸعͷ׷ŮӣȴҡҡͷָգһὫһģû˿ֹҡ
ţǸ硭
῿ϣҲټ׷ʲôˣôҪ𣿹һ⼸գ֪ΪΣЩ£ղŻһجΣμ
ģȽһһ취ȥ̫Ž磬һöɵʱؿ֣Ӵȥ֮
Ǹ硭ʵͦãδҪɣֻܹǸߣͺˡ
ɵ
ȸһЦҪ֮ʱȻһ󶯾üͷһ壬תͷ濴ȥ
Ǹ磬桭ôˣ
ǾŶǱֳʲôˣ˲ʡģȥ
ȸӴһ˵ţһߴ·һ޹洫һˣ
֪ˣϾüλס󷨣
ǡ
ȸӾŵһ֪ôġѾɱǺöˣ
ʲô
ȸ΢΢һ漴һ䣺ãûطȥȻԼˣ
Ǹ磬ʲôˣ
Ҳȸתȥᱧ˱û£ڹУ淢£ҪϣҪȡ
⡭ǸĻ
šʦҵģϡ
Ǹ磬㡭
Ҫȥˡ

˿棬ɱ죬ǰУ˻׻ŰȻȸٶ̫ǿߣҲֵסֲİ˻׻ꡣ
ȸ˲仯һâ޹˳ǰһĻҲɵһ˻׻ꡭһ
˿һۿȺĿһ±ú䳹ǣ䵭ǰΣĳһݱ񣬿ɻȸۣ
˺һĻĻʱϸԺʱһ࣬ˡ
ȸȻҲóϣһֺ͵ȫһϢϢ뵱ȫˡ
ܺá
ȸֱָ죬ȸżһݴӦǿ쵽ˡ
Ҫʦʦͽ˽žۣ
ͻȻȸȫϢһΧʱ淭ڣɾʱԶȻһ죬֮оһѺۣȻһµİɻӰѺ˳
ǡ
һɲǣȸȻҲܵϹ׻ĿϢǶѺۣ׼ȸλãƿһ֮϶
𡪡
ֻϹ׻ɣ˫Ѫϲһɿµɷ֮ȸߣ˵ȥ赲Աɷ֮ʴǷˡ
𡪡
Ϲ׻һ̤ʱضɽҡ¥̼ҷһЩӿߣҲ˲䱻
µϹ׻꣬Ҳһǵǽŵѹŵ˿¡
һ㡭
Σȸݴɽӵ£
䵭Ҫȸ췭ظȻʦߣȻҲ֪ȸĸ֣ԶֹڿЩϹɱ׻꣬Щ˽Ӧæˡ


1797 ɱ

ʱԶмȸĵӻŻ˹ָǱߵϹ׻꣺ǱߣǱߡ
ҿˡ
ȸͳ䣬Զһ𵴴֮䣬Ϲ׻Ѿҷ֮ǽһƬ±ߵֻ˲ֻҳȥ
ɱɱɱɱ
ɷ֮£˿ֲȸ绹δֹ
ʱ֮ĵһɰϢһ½ǲɷ֮ɢˣǾδĵӰʱһλʥ𡭡
ηȸ磡
˲ɽ󣬳Ϲ׻ȥˣ֮ǰºУȸλǿߡ
Ϊֻȸ֮ϣȸ֮£ȸδΪ֮ʱѾȸĳϣʱΪǵǷ켫
ɱɱɱɱ
Ϲ׻ɷ֮һ𣬾һ±㽫ĽˣҲȻû뵽ﾹǿ
ʦ֣Ҫ⣡
̱任ͣͬʱӡΧмɽ峯߷˹һɽ棬ȻżµĽơ
ǱߣȸλʥֵסϹ׻꣬ߣȸԽԽ䣬Ҫ֮ʱȸߣȴͻȻһ𵴣ȻǾŶˡ
ǣȥ
ʱмλȸߣֱܹӳƺȸ֣Ȼ⼸˵Ϊ͡
λϣ´ˡ
ȸݺݵһۣȸǱ߸ϹȥأǷֱȻǱ£һӾŶʦͽ֣ǳΡ
½ҹȸ磬ˣǼȸ糤䣬չ˹ơ

һȸ磬Ҳһֱ峿Ѿһ·ɱȸˣһ·ʬǽ壬ѪɺӣЩ˽ڵ۹½£ʱ۹½ѾѪȾ죬ÿԺ뵽һ죬ϵɱͻһ֡
֡
ߣȻѾЩԾѽԽԽа죬·ԣķϵɱأѽ̫аˡ
ס
Զ˳Ȼû̫ϵߣЩٶ۹½Ѿʮֿ£οȥһ꣬ڳºѵ֮£ûκһʧ֣ÿһؽѪ飡
ܿ죬ʬǽ壬۹½ѾȫȾ죬֮ϣһ˿˿ѪѽԽԽаɹѪƵϣ˫ۣҲЩѪˡ
֡ͣ£ѽ
Ȼڣ˿̾ȸЩ˵ѽ̫аˣѪԽ࣬аԽأֻȥضֵԡ
Ȼ˿̣ѾȫĻ֮һ·ǰɱȥϵѪԽԽأɱҲԽԽأѾȫǻһˡ
Ŷ棬ȸȸȹ󷨣ʱԶҲܸܵǹɿµɱ΢΢һͻȻֲõԤУȸˣ
ͣ
նɱһˣȸǰʬǽ壬ȷ󣬾ʱȸһϹ˳ȴһɫķɽʩ֮ˣ಻ո޳ԪӤ

һ죬ѷɽ֮ʱֱӱһָˣײʯͷϣһ¶ϳء
û˿ֹǸ磬Ҳ⡭
һӰ˳Ŀ䣬˫Ľӡһ֣

˺һ䷨ʩչֻһƣ˲佫棬ƺĳֽƷ̶ֳȵĽƣΪֻôƿ
֡ˣƺûʲôΪ
ȻҲˣǰŮӣŸոԪӤѣղʩӣ뻹ȸԪӤģֻһ˶ѡ
Ǵʱ˫Ѫ죬ɱָһһ۹½һ·˹ȥֲĽǳܲסƵòȥۼһҪʱһؿţһһֵס˵۹½ȴȸĻ
ȥ
ŶǱߣȸһĻһλϣȳסƬ̣ȥȥ䣬һ³ȸǱ߷ȥ
䣬ٴָһڶһ죬һ£ǻ棬ԶѺۣ޿ٳܵ۹½
ס֮֡ĶԹ
ȸĿѣһɲǣٶ˼ޣȴһ顱һǻӦ飬һֱӽض
ۣ
ˣǷĺһѪƮ˳ȥ

ȸ˫Ŀѣ˲˹ȥӿнסҲ룬ԪһڶȥȻȥȴǿտյģȫϣ޻֮
Ǹ硭Բ𡭡ס
ҪҪ
ȸ˫һ±ͨ죬ᣬĻ֣ȥ۽ǵˮǸ磬ޡԺ󡭡ԺڿԲٸǸ鷳ˡԺԺǸ磬רԼˣҲá

һХصȸԶЩȸӣŵòҶˣ߿
֡
ɫЩ΢΢ף˹ʱϵɱȥ˫۽ָеĵ۹½ѪҲȥˡ
ɱ
ȸ̧ͷ˫۲Ѫ˿ֻһˡȴɱɱĶ֣ɱ
Ρ
ʹɱȥɴʱɱ䡣

һɲǣȸһ㣬͵ԾȻһ쳤ˡȸ񽣡ȻѰ֮
֡ģ
һȻδ䣬һĽֱ˳ȥʱѪӿֹһѪӺӿ˳

һ᳤磬ɽ֮ƣһֱȻʱȴһ̶죬øȸһȸ˻عʱȴһǰΣҲ˲˶Է
˽һȸ񽣣εȷ˵ȸһΪСӣôܡ
ʱԨ֮ϣԼԼ۵ӰӣŷӦԭб׻
ۡ
ʱϵۣȸ˫Ŀѣǿдһʹ̣ȴһ죬ݽȸ񽣣һɲǣѣʹϳأҲ޷κһ˿ۼ


1798 򷨲

һĻԶȸЩӸǾɫȸ޼᲻ݣɴʱȻ˶޷˷ֺ
Ԩ֮죬Ԫһ۵ȥ䡱һһ½ȸ˳ȥ
ֻȸɢﻹȸĽھŶǱߵĸϣʱһĻҲаǼ̫ǿˣȸ񽣣Ҳ˲ֺ
۵ǿȣҲԤڣ⻹۱ӡδӡǽǺ֮ǿ
֮ǰףǷǿɾǿҲֻ֮ķȴϹɣȥֹǧ
쪣ȸ˫۲Ѫ˿ҷ裬ֻһȣ˫һ⸽ڵϵĽȫ˹ȸ񹦴֮£һѰѽȫȼ˳Ȼ棬͵ɱȥ
ǧĽ꣬˲Ϣ



ȴһ죬ǧѽѽȴûһѽ˵ÿһѽײʱϵĶϣ۵ۡܿ죬Ѷ˶ϽС

ԶȸӶסˣ벻򽣣ȸ棬˲˴ˣƲ˴˵ۡ
ۡȸ˫ĿԲζӰֻ۾ﲼѪ˿
ǣ
ʱһߣ˿ʬҲ¶˿ɬ
뿪
ȸ˵ʱڵ񹦣Ѿת߼лȼһҲԥ̽ʬ˸
ҵҪۣܻ㵽ʱ
ͻȻ䣬ֻȫƣһɲǣǶĳᷴȴ˲ǿࡣ
ǣ
Զλһһ˲䣬ȸѳɣϲ˻·һ̧ǳ֮һ֮Ʋɵ
֡
ƼʹԶҲܸܵһƵĿֲǿ󣬿ɸղѳܶ˺ֻһΣȸֱԪ
Сӡ£
ʱԶһӰ缲һ˲ǰһȸһƶϣ䡱һΧֱӱûҷ𣬾ȸһѿѺۡ
һӰȻǳºˣȸĿһ±øӺ£ףΪܹ֮϶Ϲ׻ŽˣԭǴˡ
µ˭
䳹ǣºȴδȥᣬֻȥһȥŶǱߣȳʦҪԥ죡
ԣҲٶԥгºԸȸ˷κʱ䣬̱ŶǱ߷ȥˡ
ҪǱʱȻһӰ顱һֻ˺գ͸һϢǹޡ
ޡ
ǰغˣڲ˺棬ʦǱ˵ľŶס˰ı㣬ȸвлᣬնҪȥˡ
Ǻǡ
Ӱһ˲乥֮СӣʵҲһǰɱȡ
ݣ
ٶȽԿ˼ޣ˸νֵģغ޲аػȻܹڶ̶һʱѵҵۡ
ݣ
ת˲䣬ֹȥһÿ磬˲Ϣܿɭɭղɱһ޴Ůӡ˶˵ɱϣӲκ飬Ȼˡ
Զ°ȥһ֣񣬱Ļ
Ȼ޵ĿģʱԥֻͻƴˣȥŶ¾ȳʦ
Ǻǡ֪Ѿֻ˥һȫնˣҲֻתˡ
Щ϶ԣҪɱˣԼ˰ɣǺǡ
޵ϳԺһɲǣ·ֿ˸ղŮǰһĻ

Смǣպ򲻿霣㡭
޹ߣΪа󣬳ס
һ;ħ֣Ķħħ˶춷ħ
Сҹ˽ദֻԣҲڲ֪䣬ܵ˽Ӱ졭

ʧɲǣ޺Ȼһƹ˹һƿȴǹֱ
飡
Ӧȴδܿһ˳ȥһһ˲סˣԪһסļۻɸղŹһƣҡ
ۡ
˫Ŀ΢а۹ղһƣȻûܹ˵Է
û¡
عŰеĹޣؾƲӰ죬һˣʱʹƽ
ٶȽ棬һΣʵõ˼£޲аÿٶȣ̶ֻƬ̵˼⹤һ˲࣬һʮӿȥ顱һ˳ȥ
޴ˣ
ʱмȸĸַ˹У¡£ֻϲһԪϢ·һ˲ǿࡣ
ݣ
һ˲䣬չ˹ƣһɲǣʧУ˵˿Ӱǹޣ޷ӰȷӦʱԷѾ
飡
һƼ£ȫ޷ܿһƺݺݴУʱԪһڶԷڶֽʱһ˲˱˳ȥ
˶Ƭ̣ʼ޷ͻ۵ķȴʮּɵжԷǰѽ۹½նУؽԪ
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ʱŶǱߺȻ춯ֻһһɼǿ֮ʱ˷ɢȥ
һһȫȹֻµʱ۽Ҳƿ
ʥһӣ
һ£жȻʥһӵĻӰ˫һŶȻĻ꣬Ϊá
ߣʥһӵԸסޣŶǱȥˣ󷨸ֻ̫ŷ£˫գѾҷӡΧѪϢϳȾȥϵ۶Ѿһһ㱻ѹȥ
ʦ
һĻһٿΧѪӿһɹѪټһЩǵĻǣʴȥһȸѪ꣬Ⱦ۶ֶονݡ
ס
˸ϼϮʦһѪȾһɱ⣬ݡ۹½һ˲ɳ͡һѪĽʱȡһ
ģ
ʣ˽һû뵽ˣΪ˸ߣѽǿֲǵķ
գһҲ
Ȼ֮䣬ɱ֮ȻԱߵƣ΢΢һں̶ϣֻһɺⲻϮֻ۹½ϣȻһѪ


1799 ֮
ϣ
ۼɱʣµ߸ϸִһʱΧ֮ɱ˹ЩΪǲͣһΪ˼ӹ̾ŶѾĹ󣬼ϴʱɱʢе۹£ۣǼʹ˶࣬Ҳѻʯ
һմ˵أ֮أ
ͻȻһϵչ˹ƣһȻȸҲ޷֣Ѱɽ

ֻһ̶죬ǳеĽȻĴϿǰκɽУ졣
ͣ
һⳤϸд͸˹ȥص֮ء

ǳϵʱǰһڣһ˲䣬δ˳ȥ۹½ϺȻѪת˲֮䣬ѽһƤǵĸʬ
īϣ
ʣ˸һæɽɱȥȻķɽҲ˲ֺǣ۹¿һش
̶Ƭ̼䣬ȸ˵ˣԶĵӾŵɫûһ˸ǰ
֡
ԣֻ۹½Ѫ˼֣ղһԿѽǼϵѪˣʵ̫аˡ
û¡
˾Ŷ£ű۴ʦǱݺݴһ˺һĻһĻʱָԺ棬Ǳ棬£ʧȥʶ
֣˺󡭡
׼ȡˣȻǵõ˵Ļһȡۣؽܳ޷ܵʹ࣬жǿҪܶصʹࡣ
ۣ֮Ͳ򵥣ʧȥۣʧȥһķۡ

ԥ̴һƬۣ˳ϵۣҲһƬһƬѪ룬罫ϵÿһƬ뿪壬ܸܵʹοۣ

ܿ죬Ѫ죬һԿôĿģǰû˵ȡۣ˿¡

֮ʹǿнϵȡһɲǣ֪Ƿǻþ·𿴼׹ԨХ֮ؼ䡣

ڣһƬҲϷ˳ۣһ˲ۺϳһ֮ϣѪ졣
Ŷ󣬷ǱѰʹ۹½ǿҲƿΨ۽ϡ֮ƿŶ
ʦˡ
ȫѪϵƬΣѪֹһǾŶһ£һǶնȥ¡һ󷨶ʱһеѪϢһ±øˡ
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һһ̣ǿ˶ߣ˵ѾóȻƿ󷨵ĻֻᱻЩѪ귴ɣǱ취ЩѪ
ô
вʴʦѪͻȻһ֣еѪȫԼ
֣
ƶȻһǶʱ⣬ƺҲûбİ취ˡ
ʬħЩ
֮䣬ѽѪԼϣ󷨣ʱ𵴲ֹ⸽Ҳ
֣˺һЩҪˡ
Ŀ䣬һĶնȥԨХ֮ľ䡱һǶܲס֮ķѣһһ۽ˣŶʱ

ȥ֮һԷӡ˹Ѫʱһ֣һ۶ȥ

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۽ϢƣԨ֮濴һۣһ±֪ô£ֲܴȸ磬ԭд
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ʦͽˣȥˣ֮ǰֻعͷһ̫֮ŷ˶̫ȸ磬˼⼰ˣһ죬һֶ̫ŷһս档
¡
ʱԶһ죬ֻϹ׻һ̤ڳȸλʥ󷨽ɽͷʱҷǸ̳Ҫֲжֲ
ɱɱɱɱ
Ϲ׻ģֲſһ̣Ǹİ˻׻ȫ˽ȥһ±øӿ¡
ˡ
һΣȸλΪʥҲɫ׻Ѿǲȥֻȸ磬Σӣ
ʱϵѺͻȻһӡһɳ̫Ϣֱȸ
䣡
һ죬һӡϹ׻סˣȸľʱѺֵӡƬ̲Żعѵ̫Žĳϳˣ
ȻؽƼأ̫Žĳ޷ȴҵȸλãһ֮϶Ϲ׻ʱһ
ʦ
ȻҲܵˣһܿסϹ׻֪꣬Ϊ̫Ž磬˿¡
õġһ죬Ҳ۽»ۼףصϡ
ߣ
ʱºһ˲ɵǰ˵̫ŽˣһǷȸ磬Ǿͳȥˣ뿪ȸ磡
ǣ
ȸɢ˫Ѫ죬Ѿˣͬɱһ۹½ֳ
ʦͽˣ뿪ȸ硭
ͻȻ䣬ȸȫȼһɻ棬ҲһԻǿϢʱĳϵһȼ˱Ѫ֮


1800 
˺󡣡
һ˲䣬ȸѴ˹ȴƲ㼤ˣһ½Щ˳ȥȸʹȼ˱Ѫ֮һʱ֮䣬Ҳѵ

ߵȸ֣һЩΪߵĳϣһ̶ס˶䣬ʹ֮ɫ֮ǿ
ֻ״࣬ƮƮվһԣһֱ֪ʦ֮ϵ裬ǳܱ⣬Ҳδʦ
ҲסˣֲǳƺΪӣ֮û£ȸЩˣֵסԱ߳ºҲĬȻ˼֮ˣߣǴڡ
Ƭ̣ͣˣȸЩ֣ɾȸҲͷɢһһ˫۲Ѫ˿ݺݵ
ߡ
Ҫ뿪֮ʱǵѺȻһλȻˣԴҴұȥ£һӡʱ֮д
˿
һʮͣָһһʮָâһ顱һӡײ±ߵѪӿֹ
ţ
Ѻ棬һɻƺһߵЩ⣬ССȻҲܹ׵סˡ
ߡ
ȥ֮ǰ˻׻Ϲɱ׻˲٣ʣµģҲûʱȥˣ֮϶ǰ棬ȸδʱ뿪

º˫һ֮϶ʱ˼ǰƣһԾ֮϶˽ȥ
ǣ
ȸ׷վһºѽ֮϶رգܿ죬Ѿص棬ﲢǳɽǺںƬŵ
ΧųһƬһŵȥӹˣʹڰ죬Ҳʮɭĸо
⸽µ󷨺ۼ֪ºضǺķ˼˼ŽϹ׻ȸ磬˵ǰлˡ
λǣ
΢Ȼóºֻһ꣬һ֮ǿ˾Ѱ֮
ʦλǳǰڵ֮ʶġ
˵ͷºԪŵأ
º衣
ºҲȥ˿˵֮϶ȻѾرգȸˣҵ뿪˵
£ںȥˣһȸֳ˴Ķ˳ɽ±ȻѾһʺ쳾ɿླһ粨̫;¥Լаˣ֪ˡ
֮󣬼˻ص棬Ȼǰ룬ȸһ£ɿླ˾κˣѩȻҲ˵ˣֻţʧһ࣬ξȻֱӴȸˡ
ȻЩԣѾҪˣκֻ̫صµĳԹ˫ȻǲݣûκԺ͵Ŀܡ
ǰҪȥ
šȻˣһҪȥɽţԺлᣬСѾټ
⡭
⼸֣ѾˣΣº趼ִҪȥ⣬ҪԪŵأ˼䣬ûĻˡ
ˡףǰһ˳
šҲأٻᡣ
ºǶˣʱһ˵꣬ɽ֮ȥˣʧıӰһҲҲգǱպԵ
ʦҲ߰ɡ
ѾʱˣҲ̫ˣϴڲ˺Σл̫˴գ֪ΪѩЩ˲Ż
ȸѾ̫Žˣǲʦȥ̫Է鷳
º˻صһʺ쳾ֻص˵ڵλ֣һУȥû̫仯֮ȪֻѾָÿ춼µȪˮȪ
Ҫһˡ
á
Ͽǰ˲СæҪȥ
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ӡ㣬û¡
ȻʥŮЩȣףƺ㵽統λʱһ
ƣȥɣЩҪףʥŮ˵űߵƿ˿֪ʲô飬ҪףʥŮ˵
š
Ҳʣ漴ȥ棬ֻɽʣƺãʵˡ
һƲſʵ֣ҪӻԪŵ𣿡
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תͷȥʦԪŵصˣⶫŽ磬һʺ쳾ˡ
ƿԶɽ磬˵һ£δ˵һ常ֻ򣬱ʹһҳ
˵˴üǺºָһ꣬ƵΪѷǵɱȣһʺ쳾ҲǱ濴ȥô򵥣˴ɺ棬Ȼʲôɸ˵飬һˡ
֣㲻صġ
֪ʲôһΣӻȥɣȽʱˣһȥġһϹ֮صʱ򣬻ȥ˵㡣
š
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ʱˣתȥǼ￴˿ʵʦϵ˵ʲô
ûʲô߰ɡ
ӡ
ʱףʥŮ׷˳˵飬ղŲһˣֻףӣȥأӸղ棬ϣΣһסʹ
š
˵ͷûٶԣ뿪Ϻʵʦ㵽˵ʲôΪθղҼǡ
ûʲô߰ɡ
˵֮ʱϺȻһӰԭգǺȻһƬڱˣϸ֮£ǲʲôơ
˹һϲ벻СһȻûߡ
һֻס˰Ϲ˵˵Сһ
ϹĺһֻСԴԼ൱߰굽ʮĺͯɡ˵֣꣬С
ء
һХʱŷչ˫Ʒӿɷ׳ۡ
ߡ
ƣϣ֪ΪΣһֻСƺرϲȻֻ߰ĺͯƣϹǷֻСпѾϡ
һ·ϣƽ飬¶ʥһӵα棬ԼǺˮĥһȵȡ
ڴԨǱߣϹŶ죬ɻ˵ʦǰôû˵ٵңϹӦϹŶ
š˵ͷ˵Щ飬ΪʦǴԺٸ㡭
ô
ܸокܶ飬ûиԼǵŴ飬Ǳ٣ûܹҵ֡
ǵˡ
ٶȼ죬ֻʱ䣬ص˵Žĵطֻǰ֮ƺѾˣҪصԪŵǱߣս硣
ƵϹޣܴǳս硭
ƣأ
ת˿ЦЦվһʺ쳾ˣԺˣһȥԪŵء
š
˵ͷٶ˵ˣֵӣ֣ǻȥҪСģһξ̫Žˣ֮ǰǰ˵ǺпѾҵİ취ˣֻǵʱ򡭡
̫Ž硭
ͻȻֱúĸĳûб˿˵ֻ̫صɱ٣ɼʦԱߣҲͲȥ˵ЩɱĻˡ
ء
ʱһХЦˣӣ֣ȥɣСﶼڴˡ
֣ء˱ȭʦصϡ
վˡ
֣һХֻ֮еһ𣬵ȻعʱѾս磬Ϲޣ뵱֮ʱƴԪŵع˲

ֻصԪŵأǵȥŽϹ֮أʱصһУƺЩͬˡ
ð
ǰֵɽ֣Ȼ֮ǰʱһֱֻҲоóЩһˣģ·ʱһҲһɳʪܵϢղǹһʺ쳾ȫͬ
ء
һХ˫һ񣬽ǰɽֵɢˣûãŨȻ־£
ߣǰ
֪ЩԾָһһ۶ϣȥǰʱǰգҪж¡
Щǡħ
ɫһѣѵ֮ǰĶ½֮ң뵽֮ǰʦʱ½֮ңϹ֮ضѾħˣò½Ѿȫ˰ɣ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôһ˽ħڣ򣬶ǽʼܹȥȥˣҲûع֪澿ʲô᲻֮ǰڲ˺桭Ǵ˵ȥĴħйأ
ˣ֮ǰһֱûʹʦڲ˺棬ʲôѵȥĴħֻ𣿵ʱʱĹ֮ᡭǴħࣿ
СһЩ
һ̣Ҳأ飬ܱеĻҪأ½Ԫ򣬽һ֮һ½䣬ֻԪǱҲˡ


1801 ֮
ǰħԽԽأʬħ޾ħ۶ͬ޾ħɷʴ
һХ˫Щħȿƺϲħ
ҡֱϣڶʱ㴩ƬϹ֮أ뵱ʱ򣬻Ҫ˴˴󣬲ܵƬϹ֮ء
ǰȻһɼصħϢʱ˻ħڣħ֮ˣⲻⶫ½֮ҡ
һգɵ˾֮ȥ鿴ʱǰмϢ⼸Ϣȴ֮˵ϢôȻħڣħ֮˵Ϣˡ
ȵȣϢ
ɫһĪ⼸Ϣ棬һϢЩϤ뿪½Ѿãѵǡ
ˡ
ʱԷҲǵϢ˫֮ʱһ⼸һ˾ǡһħڣյǼˣеĹˡ
ˣ
޳Сѣ
統һ㣬һ֮£͸һصϢʱʮ꣬Ϊѷǵɱȡ
ǹȥʮ꣬һͷҲѩףϵϢб仯˻ϳˣֻЩţǴ׹ջȻţΪϢѵ̫徳磡
ܵصϢ󣬹˲һôܣŶ̶ʮ꣬ٸߵ츳Ҳ̫徳磬ڵǶԣ˵ʲô̫徳磬һʥ֣ǶǴ˵ľˡ
ˣʶˣ
ʱڹǼ˶䱸ħڣħ֮ˣʱȻܹܵǹɴϢ
ϵáȻϵã
о㿴ǳ֮ֻû뵽ʮ󣬶Է˼ǧ궼޷󼰵ľ硣
λˣǵħڣʶġ
š
ͷҲ֪ʦϲħ֮ˣʱҲ˵ˣ˻عͷʵ޳СѣǡǴǱ߹ģ
ǡ
һԣǼ˾оɫ¶Ǳصħɷ֮ǶιȴȣħڣΪħ֮ҵԷġ
˿Ǽ˾ȵӣʵˣﵽ׷˺£ôħ
˿˿ǰˣ˵޳Сѻ֪Сѿɻǵãħڣиطȥõģȥ˵ˣҲûл
΢һ˵Ǽǵãôѵȥ桭
ҡҡͷ˵֮򲻸ȥ棬ԭ棬š
˰ȥ˵֮Ҳһ⾹Ȼ˺±ߵƣѵħڣĽҲһħԣԡ
ʦôˣ
ʱȥδʦʱصӣѵʦҲʲô𣿶һ˲䣬Ȼ뵽棬Ƭƺ
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ع˵Ǿȥ
š˵ͷ˵ʦҪˣˣڡ
޳Сѣٻᡣ
Ҳ˱ȭ˽Զȥ˺һǼ˲Żعͷʵˣ˵˭
ҡҡͷֻʦͽˣ
ʦͽˣֻصϣ߿¸ӣɽӾ۵ףֻطѱħ֣ʵĶ½
СɿһЩ
໡
˫ɽӣ˲ϢţҡֱϾҪ˶ãܻصԪ

ʱԪ졣
ʱֵĩһȴʢʱδ빬滨ѩƬƬ䣬ֻŹ
δ룬պЩ𣿡
šѾްˣΣħǱߣж
˿ڹУ歷˺δ룬Ǵ칥źδһֱ˯ѣֱǰġ
ֻ歷ü΢Ȼǰ칥ǴΣ˶Ϊ»ҷˣͨҲֻת˲֪ʱֻ̫ʹ֮£Ҳܱ겻
ȴΪˣЩĻɢʹ歷ҲΪħ̳ûħԭħͼʱһһӦ
Ĵħڷͥĸ֣ѲڣΨħһҪ˭˭Щͷ̹ʢ졣
ϴϮʧأɣҲֻħսǿȥԪ֮ơ
歷üħõǡ˲顯ġħƪоħɣ棬ˣ֡
˲飬ħƪо
ЩۣδҲһü歷˵˵飬ǰħ޲˲飬֪⼫ħƪĲо䵽˼ˡһ£ƴĶǷҲ֮¡
š
δ˫üһøˣֻ£Ҳ¾ˣҪǻϹŽƣħֻϺ꣬Ѿڹ˰ɣ
ħδʽ죬ȴĶදǹȥЩ꣬Ĵ۶֮ħ̿ѾãһΣǲȵһ̶֮ʱǱȻġ
ֻǰħҪߵһӦһͳĴħڣӴң¥Ƹħڣֻħ̵ֽ̡
֮󣬱ˡ


1802 ħ
ڣ֡
ƽ죬֮¥֣һɹˮӳرϣһŮӣŮӳ٣˫ѩָḧųˮһƬƬ꣬ļϣϡ
ŮӲòˣϵǲǳӣɶĴħ˺µħġŮľʹϵʤˡ
һ覵ħ棬ûУ˿ˮһ׵һһȾ
ˮرϣһֻССƿƿ棬ɫĻһֻССƿȴһֱߡ
˿ֻ̣ƿƿ໨òҡҡͷֽƿŻԭε٣һħҲûκμɵˡ
һֻƿǵ׷ɱ˽ˣһŶʱȴֻһƿҩˣʳҩ
һִ죬콥ƴħŸɣɶ̿˵ѵ꣬±ߵɳ֣ħ汽໨ƿ͵ȥһףˣƿͻ
һֻССƿŵĲ¶յꡣ
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ħô£˳֣
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ɶڲ棿ҿҪˣ
а޵ԽԽɶһ˹ԡ֮أҽԣ˵ʱһ̧ˮɳ롣
Ҿԣ
а޻ҪǿȣɽŸ̧ö롰ݡɳ˲ǰֻǰһ磬ȡ
а⽫δһҲֻ֪ı£ɽڣ常֪ģ²»Σ
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аһЦջջ˽Ųȥ̼ǵõ±⼸ˣɽסʱҲֻǶݺˣħҪ̲ڣ֮䣬ûʲô֡ýˡ
Ƭֻ̣ɶɹ˳ʤѩĳˮаһӣһ
ǻǰʵ֮ʱǸʱɶҲ˵ɶݸһǰ㣬Ϊһָɱ
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˵ص㡣
ɶʱķϻ
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Ŷ
ɶ񵭵ǲ˳أ
аһЦһӣȻһȴһöƣɶ˿ôħ棬Ѿħ𣿡
а޵ǲӣ

Աħ汵˶ħһвӣؽħ׷ɱħϺһǽ赶ɱ˰
Ǻǡ
а޵һЦǴˣӦ֪常ϲõȣһʱúÿǣ¾Ͳˣǡ
аȥӰħ汵ֱָ죬һССаޣ񶼸Ҳȵͷˣã˲Żعͷɶô죿
ɶħкһֱħ涼һͳħΪһʦǧǰʦһͳħʱħ䶦ʢʱţҲҪ˱ᡣ
ǺһΣʦΪ׵ˣԪ򣬴Ų˵㣬ħɣҲֱ
ħɵʦģħʦţҪһͳħеʲôɶ֪һֻϧƵħ̿⣬ǣҵһħ


1803 һ˼һңϣ
죬δ빬
歷˵ҷ֣ݳǸЩ쳣ҿħ̵ˣҪǱ⡭
ݳǡ
δüһ˵ҲҶͷһ𣬵ʱֲϣҰǾȻ
歷˵Ͼħˡ
ң뵱꣬ȥδһ˵ݳǾŲǧ֮ңϺ꣬ǲŷˣ正ôˣ
˿̣δ뷢ᵽʱ歷죬üһʵôˣ
歷üòŵ˵ϴιһֱչδ飬Ĵӷħ̶֮ŶûκηӦƺЩ
ŴԣδҲüΪ֮ףϴϮ´Ԫɰ˵ħ̶ƵƵҲһ㷴ӦûС
һ歷˲ſʵδ룬Σ
δָüҲԽԽСҪСʹڣϺꡭ
δ룬˵ʲô
ûʲô
δҡҡͷü˵Ҵ㣬ȥݳǿݳǱߵ챱ߵħʱݳǵȻҡ
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歷˵˵ͷ˵棬ҵǲģֻǡ˵˴Ȼͷȥ̾
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歷˵ͷ˿üͷƽţɲԿʣÿЦ绨
δš£ãգȥɢɢģһȥɡ
ѽѽȥİ
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δ漴˸ƣһηУȻҪĵģħ̰̽ӷˡ

֮󣬻δѾݳǣʱֵĩɻʢδ֣ͷϣ˾ƺýһֻòߵⷲ·˶࿴ۡ
ȥ̫ɣþöûⷲˡ
ð
δղڸӦ¼Ϊⷲϣ˵İɣôͨ죬һҵ취ġ
˶Ϊˣµãϲûлɢ٣ֻסԪ
š
δЦЦ֣̫Ǳȥˣֻ֮һŴӭҡҷĴŮ档
δĿԶֻɽɫʤգɵһΣУ֮ųˡ
㿴㿴Ǻôֻͦεġ
ָźһֻˮЦǰϣ֦Ҳһ·ֻŹ̫羰ûǰи
Ǹͷ·һɥǵӣﻹ֪ʲôֻ˽£Ҳûǰһ±ײ˸
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£ˣ߰ɡ
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ۣ˵˼ϸ£רȥ⣬ϣժһꡮ˼أûȸˤϡ

һ·ϣºͻδ˶ʲôţС㣬ة֮Ļ
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ͣȥ˵ʲôţòǸղײǵǸɵӰɣ
ţôˣ
δҲͣתȥȴѲղӰӣü΢Ҫǻȥղź̫ȥģҿʧǵӣѽˣòҪȥɣǿȥˣ
á
Ѹȥˣ̫ϣֻ׵̯Աô΢泯ˮԹ̾Ϣ鲻ƶ࣬һ绹ǧơĵؽʱֻ˼޾һʫһ߲סҡͷ̾Ϣ¼״æֵι
һǰŵòȥתǸղλɽ㣬һ¾ʧ룬æλ㣬񣬳ײ˶λ㡭
ססִʵղţҪԾ

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вУ
æüһղײҺС㣬ҪԾĻԹҺСˣ
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ңҡ
ƺԼʲôӣæ˵С䣬λֱӽͺˡ
ʱӣƺѻδµ·ˣµǺã䣬㣬ղһ·ϣЩ˵飬Կ棿
Цǰ˶֪ˣֻԼƭԼϲģֻеĹ£ϲģȴⱾ͡ˣˡ


1804 һ˼һңУ
ﳤ̾˴죬˵Щеûģȴû˵ص㣬ԵЩͷˣõõãֱ˵ƼСʲôˣةĶʲôˣúһ¡
⣬⡭
ݣֻǲסҡͷ̾ݳ˶ֻ䣬һЦѣҲֻǲ෹ЦˣҲãҳ롭
٣ˣʲôëԹ԰ʲôã
¼ⴹͷɥӣҪ˵ȥδ֣ǰһˡȥͷβ˵һ°ɣҲô£ź⡣

䳤̾һˮ˵Ҫȥ˵ƽϲ̫˵飬ЩŹֵĹ£øˣǮֻߴ̯ϣ򼸷ֻ
һգ֪˼֮ˣ˵й²ͨЩеûĴ̶ЩĻ̯
ʱûһ˳˵ֱƬ̺Ⱥһƹӡˣֻվ˵ѵǼ֮ˡ
ƹӣ
°룬֪Ը뵽ʲô棬ָ㣬ԭϲˣ
⡭ֻҡͷһ̾δµ˵ɫʾ˵ȥҪϡ
ÿµ³Уĩ죬ƹӶ̯飬ÿÿ̶ƹӶվ˵һΣȻΪң˶֣˸ģƹǳ˿
š
˴µ˵ͷ˵ƹӣҲˡ˵Σ
һΣĩȥĽգһգҵã¶˵ˣҲƹϺȻܲ׹ҪˣǶҴˣƹˣУȵ֮ʱ
˰֮ʱƹӲûȴѾСѾ˵Щտˣ֪кĹ£Ѿ߼ǲסֽд˳һֱ֮ʱŽֽīѾߣȥ
£Ҳûмƹӣÿ죬Ѿ߶Ҳһǰдֽϣȥ
һգұ̲סƹӾʲôΪζ˻ٳٲãѾȴʼղ˵ֽīߣʵǵǣһ·ĸں桭
һ·ȥѾ߽̫ĸۡʱһƹӣ̫֮ӣתһƺЩԣ̫ŮֻһŮĹӣ
ҵʱҲ֪ôģһȣĴӸۡɽ˽ȥȴÿС¥ǣǡԣһֽīЩдƹӵĹ£ԭƹӡ
˼˼
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š
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ԣЦЦдǣɽƣ׼֮ǰ͵֪һѻŴ
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֮ʱ˱ϢƸҵѩƵĹѾϣ²ɵһЦ̫ΪȨƣôϧŮ𣿡
δȨ󣬶ˣ£СһЩҪ˸ļҶ



1805 һ˼һң£
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£СǸ¥߽֮ʱֻϸϸȻƼС㣬ѩˡ
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ͱˣţҴӴ㣬úÿδ𸴡
˵ţߵϣˣֻôȴķ϶ｫ˽ȥ
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ǿݣʱѩƺҲˣºͻδȻóֻӣʲôҲ֪ʲôҲҡ
ãŴѩƵҡȥǣа취ҳȥЩԽ
ԣһЦ˵û⣬ǽʱ̫ϣʱһȥ
ãáѩ֪λ˭γƺ
ƽͺˡ
£Ϣ뿪Ƹص̫ϣǻʵλΣѩ˵ʲô
Цʱڴ˼˱֪˵ЩҪԸ˵мҪֽ㡣
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һʱ֮䣬ֻЩţѵѩһֱֻƸôϣҪγ
һЦģͱˣ׼ʱڴ˱ǣʱţȥɣȿ쵽ʱ
ʱȻ£ֻһҼ䶨һƼС˭һʱѣ棬ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
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塭硭
գѩ̧ͷ۾ЩģǵͣȻʱӡȴ˿ۡ
ѩѩơ
գһʱ䣬ζѳֺ飬顣
Զδ¾֮£ǲܹԤοơ֮飬Ҳû취Ԥ
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ѩơ
һګګؿȴò˵ʱԥģѩЦЦûû˵ġ
ҡ
ָĿɬȴһҲ˵ѩƲ˲ۣ˵磬Ҫȥˣ㡭
һ˵ţһߴȡһȴһµ־ŰٻͤĵʢдСС֡
磬ˡѩƽ־תʱ·ȥˡ
ѩơһ죬ȴδܿ۽һᡣ

ļգ㱣Ƕ˻һѩƸ־С֣ʱɵЦʱ񣬱˽Ҳ
⼸գûȥ̫˵ˣݳǶС壬С塱סŴԼʮ˼ңЩƶգĵضҲǵģǳһ󸻵Ĵģÿÿ轻Ҳ
סڶһڿݾмСӣǼªЩɾֻÿµôЩݶǻ©꣬˼ûãҲԲˡ
׸ĸһҪȡ֪ٳڰնûô򵥣̫ѧȥ̸ȡдЩī̫ʵûѾǺõˡ
ףϲдһЩŹֵ£̵̵ʥϣһֻʲʹܲ˽ᵳӪ˽Ū±߰ռ಻ѡ

һ̾죬һ꽫ҡͷ̾ջվľȥݶһްɣŪʪӵֻ
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ס֣컯֮£ѹڣ
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رõĹư裬ʱһŭӿŭǼԣ궼Ƕӵ𣬽ΪͻȻʮأ
Ǻǡ
ǼЦΪ˭ȺҲү˵ȥҲЦһȺ񡭡
ؼ䣬ǣˡ
ҵ˭ⲻǣ𣿡
ʱǼԺ߳һˣ˽»壬һȣһ㲻ͨˣʱЦŲ

׽ôˣǰˣة֮ӣϱ߽ᵳӪ˽±ѹա
ԡԹӡ
Χһة֮ӣæߵԹӡ
ǺǣҲԡ
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һ˵ţһǰȥӽǼһ·ߵģǾ͸ģҿ˭ȥ˵飬˭ֻ
ȥ
ȥ
ˣֱһҰ磬Ҫҡβġ

ݳ꼱滨δڵŷ꣬˵ҸطɣƺЩȣᶯգȥһ߿Ҫħ̵ڸǱȻҲѰʵ㡭
š
գ³ߣδʲôһ¼һ춼˵ʵôˣ
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δֻ壬ÿĽգСǻһ볤棬ЩȤСѾȥô꣬ûлȥһΡ
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ţ
£ȵȡ
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šһһȥɡδ룬һⷲ¶һȽϺá
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ÿÿÿ
˭
ȵȣǡ𣿵ģˣԶ㣬Զ㡭
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ô
߰˸ˣһҹкȥܿ콫ſڵأѪֹһҲˣһѪ֣Ƹ棺ѩơѩơ

һ䣬Ȣףȴڰ˲ٴʱԶȻӰס֣
ºͻδ뵽ˣչṦһƸ棬ʱΧֹ˳ȥ
䣡
ϱð䣬µʱɫһ䣬ȥڶһԪԻƣͬʱΧӹȥ컯֮£Ҫ˻û𣡡
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˶ղǿۿССôһ¾ˡ
ס֣
ʱ̫˳˫޼ףһ书ڣһϸڣһۿŮ书ͣ˵λպԲƼҼ£
µԵǸʲôﲻΪʸȨƣԼŮ룬㻹Ϊ˸𣿡

ƸܼҪ̫һ죬˫ۣǰȥ˵ĳ֪λѰ֮֮ĪջɲǶˣڴ˽ѵϷ򣡡

ͷһЦŲŹ̴һ̾ҷ𣡡
⣬⡭
˶סˣ˵ʲôˣ̫ǰ˵Ļδ⵨Ҳ̫ˣ治ɱͷ
ˣ
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£
ٱһЦãǿ̵ı¡һ˵꣬һΧʱЩٱıȫ˹šһţһѷ
ְ֡
Ǿְܰ

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Ȼ̫ҲһĻסˣʲô书ŵѲǴ˵֮ˣ
Ҳŵɫٶ㵽˺ȥߵôҪٳһ𣿡
ΧͻȻʱ洫ѩƵ磬𡭡𣿡
ѩơѩƣ
ղ£ϵ޴󰭣ʱֻƸ漱һˣ˷ϼƽߵϼҪѩơ
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һĻ̫ɫ࣬ºͻδڣҲſǱߣɫƫƫǰֻŽԼҪӭȢӣȴңسУδ棿Ц
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̫ɫԽԽѿһգɱϾѸߣѩתͷ۵ˮҸ޸Ϊ㶨Ҫҡ
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ΪҺáѩƿЦһˮֻΪˣڳȨɡ
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δ뻰䣬֣ѩĿڸһɲǣҲɫȻ˼֮Ҿ˵ⷲʲô˼ֻ˼ӣ֮
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־ֿ֣ͬˮһ̣Ǵѩ˵Ҫ˼һ˼ԭ͡
ѩơѩƣλ㣬ǾȾǾȾѩơ䱯ǻˣѾ˿֮Ѽޡ
δ૵˼֮Ī˼˼ˣ绯˼ҩɽ⡭
ѩơΪʲôΪʲôҪƭңԭϸû˼ֻ˼ӡΪʲôΪʲô
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£ĻǣˣСһҲˡ
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УһƮ˳һѩ͸־ظӣ߹ȥ־ʰֻСд
쪶ϸܽס
룬ǣ˿ء
Ͽ٣κš
Īһ˼һҡ


1806 ħ
뿪Ƹ֮һ·δʼղ˵ЩտյǶʧʲôһ̫ɫҲȥˣֻ䣬Ϊξô౯ϡ
˵¸һЩԼ˼ֻٴһЩƹ뿪ݣһУ᲻ᶼһ
ˮ²һ̾һ˼һҡÿһ֣дƹﵱʱľô˵ˣ
δ뾲ϵ£ǺĴ˫Եԧ죬˼Ƕ飬ֻԧ첻ɡ

δǾ仰²ɵһҲһסˣؿǰˡ
֮ˣ˾˼ɣ磬ֻգǾ⣬ǹϲȴ˼䡭
δǰߣ֪һ뵽ʲôںϱϣͻȻͿһµǰһæȥôˡ
֮ʱÿÿ˯ߣңҲ֪ʲôʱŻףˣǣҡȴʲôҲˡ
ء˺ˣ޲ޣһƽ»ġޣԹԡ
ᱧôˣδδô޹ֻⷲߣǾ˸ղѩƵ
˺һδ̧ͷ޵۾Ӻģ·ֻصСʱÿһޣǻС
ȥ歡
šȥɣ⡣
š
ȥݳ棬ڸطѰ쳣ʱ䣬ʱҵһй©֮أ˴ݳǴԼ룬һֻΣݳǡ
˴й©ԣǡ
δϸӦŸµԱһ˴䣬ҲȻ䣬ʱһ˿֮
ȵȡˣ
һɲǣ²˸ʶǣ䱸ܹϢ˸ȻԷΪͣһ֮ˡ
δҲˣʱվأԲ䣬ԶһλǰȻѵˣβһ
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ŵؽ䱸ţδ߳Ԥϵһ޲м˴ˣ˵Ҿ˵ڴ˲󣬽ԷԲɽ֮飬˵֮ģҶ㣬˭
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ħ𡭡
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߰ǰʱ֪ΪΣǵʱ棬ħ棬ЩͨǰͻȻˣǶһطȵķ֮ŵطˣЩˣԼǰħ
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ұǸΪ׻ʦĹĪ⣬ģҲ޷ߡмˣز¶ǸղŻδ˵Ҷˡ
Ҷһڲ֮գҲ֮Ȼδ룬ƽƽȴǷˡ
һ޳òǧ궼˥ϣһһ濴ҲжȦ֣ԷԶδµʵ䡣
֮ȴһǵиߵģòΣһۿ⡰֡Ҳܹһ۶ĳ˵ʵΪ䣬ڹླЩ̫徳ǿҲһۿΪ䲻ᳬһӡ
ڸղţҶĻδ룬Ȼ꿴Ļδ룬޼м꣬ȥˣ
ȥˣ侹δκα仯ֶΣ䶨סĪǱһ̽Ѱĳ֮
һˣ۵ٸߣԪ޵ģԪ᲻ϼ٣Դӹ񣬶˲͸֮գΪû˵еùţû˿ʱֹͣ
˿̣δϣǷƵʹǰԵģλɲħǰλǰҲվħһˡ˿˵š
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δλǰճɽҪħ棬һͳˣҶ˱ۣ˵죬һ谭ˡ
׻ʦŵֻϧһСӣϣվ˵طǰһΣشŵĴʱȻΪʵʧ
֪ˡ
δ뿴ǰˣһսˣ˵˴뷲̫λǰ⻻طɣ

һʱ˿̣ȻҲǰ˵ͼħͳһħ̵һ谭һֻ֧Ҫ֧ˣ죬Ҳ߽⡣
δ빬롣
Ҷһ֣δҲԥ̴£Զݳǣĵطȥˡ
ȥǧ֮󣬻δٴοˣ˵һʱһʱħѱ䣬λǰǵ𣿻˵λǰʵҲд㡭
촴֮ǰδҲǰħˣ֪ħһҪͳһħħֵʦʱĻԻ͡
ֻǴǰħ棬ħ顰ħƪĹ˹Ȼħ޷ͷѾǴǰħˡ
δ빬ԭҲʥˣõʦ洫Դδ빬ʶ֮ͽ㴦ʥԣʵǡʹġ

һԣɵһʲôݣϵˣʱ˵ƺǰԨԴʥ̡˵ʥ̣ѵָħδֱ֮ǰħǵ꣬ʦһִħ̡˵ݣǲֻħô򵥡


1807 ع
δ빬Բסˡ
Ҷ˻䣬չ˹ƣһ͵ֱδֹ·ؽƼǿҶһƣҲ赲δȳܲסδǿȫԪһӿȥ顱һҶһƶһ˵ʱΧɽҡ

¾긦Ҳתδˣħ𣬾ǵУ˶Ϊ٣źȻʧؼżǿƣܶõȻС
˫˿̶һΧƲ㷭ӿҶ˲һһδȫ췣û뵽ǣδʹô꣬Ȼ֮ǿ
ݣ
ʱ׻ʦҲ߹һ³Χ֮ƣδǿҲмܲסˣ˵Ŀģסδ룬ȻҲὲʲôԶٲԶˡ
Сģ
¾УȻɷʯ׾˿Уųɷ顱һһң׻ʦ赲
ֻʯкɫɷ͸֮ףǷǳ󣬼ֱ¡
ʲô
׻ʦΪҲˣɴʱȻȫ޷ͻʯף֪ʲô˿¡
ʯģȻǵδߵġϡˣϺƵġʮħǿֻܣҲʵһǿģһʮֻͨԵġ
ˣˣˣ
˿ʯ棬ײɷðʲôҪһ׻ʦ˲ɫһ䣬ǲ澿ʲôֻܹܵʯѹŵһɿµʹǣҲСӹ֮
ǡѵǵꡭ
Ҷ˿ʯףԼܵʯ͸ɷǱø꣬ʯףǸһʯ׵ӣòϡ仹Ժ
δ빬ݣȷʵһ㡭Ҷ΢µ˲䣬зһɨȻδ˹
Сģ
£˺󣡡
δǰҶɲģҲܲס˹ơ
һ˲䣬ҶѹǱֻһķƣҲŷʵ
δ벻Ҵ⣬һѶһտɫĽ˽ԼߣӽԳտ֮ɫкƣˮѽ͸һʮֲϢ
˽Իѩʱ硱ϹʱڣһŽʮǿŽˮ൱ûܹʹ˽ֻлδܹá

콣ݺᣬҶǱҲ˲Ϣ䣬뻨δеĳսһ𣬷뽣֮˿̾ƽɫ
ں߿ýŲѣȻóһδԶǿǰˣǰĻûпܶԸҶˣпѩʱ֣Ҳбذܡ
ɴʱ˾ѿʮУ⸽ɽȴأԲʤߣ׻ʦԸϺ
Ȼδÿ˯һΣ´ʱӡؽһ㣬ҲΪʲôڴڻ˯ÿȻñϴθǿһΣʵ
˿̣ܹҶ˳ƽȻκʱҪǿÿӡⲢһ¡
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˶ü֮ʱϺȻгֻԭʵʣȻܲⲢǽ֮󣬶˴ʱʩչѾ˴˴ƣټȥؽ췣췣֮ºֲѲض˵ˡ
δҶˣǻˡ
ȻÿطĽƶͬԽӽĵطؽԽǿҶΪˣǽݳǣԷΪ»ûȥһֱӱ㳯
ǰ˼ǿͻȻʧųһЩǶȥˣΪΪѾ˼ƣ٣Ҫϴɽ٣мܹɹɽ٣Դˣѡ˶١
˵ؽѾȻСӣԪǾ뷲ĵط˽طԣҲصģʹݳǸҲܶɿླ̫徳صȻ췣
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ϻ˵꣬¡һϱһ״Ҷ˲Ųæһ̧кȻɳһӲӵķ׭Ƿ׭У˲һƬɫĻһף˱𴦡
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´ʱٶԣԶ췣ֵķΧƳһ˲䣬ֻδָһһһɺ˪֮ʱΪļ˿ʹԶİ׻ʦһɲҲܵɿµĳ֮
̶֮
Ȼóδ붯˺̶̶֮˼֮һ䳹ܹ֮ס˼û˿ֱӶú̶֮δ壬ɳκκΨһֱܹӶú̶֮ˡ
ʱ˪ֳ֮ȥһɲǣϵ׸ˣһ췣£Ҷǹ׭Ҳٽ
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Ҷ˲һδ֮ǿȫԤϣԶȴǰҪʧˡ
Ȼһ˲䣬һɰȻԻδӿ˳ʹԶİ׻ʦҲһǿϺ̶֮Ҷ⿪ȫΪӡѵֵһ⿪ӡ췣ֻ׶༪٣
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ڻδӿȥһ˲䣬ףȻȻʱѾԶԶ˴˵ƣԽ࣬췣Խأ

¶ʱɫ䣬δѾ޷ջأۼ췣ʹҶҲɫһ˲Զȥˡ
ǧһ֮ʣһϤ֮˲Ϣδ¼ͬʱܵˣϤĸодд


1808 ػ
ʲôˣ
ȻһɲǣҶ˺Ͱ㡢׻ʦҲܵˣһϢֱ췣
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ҫǿɢȥ֮ʱֻǵͿУ׾һ裬һͷ׷裬ΧӰէ֣˲ϣ˭
ϡ
˶סˣǴʱ췣֮ʵޱȣΪԼ棬ͻȻ֣һǴɡ
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ףڲϳȴֵסˣȻǿеֵס췣ûǲܵġ
ԶҲоɫ¶ǵȻ֪ϹΪƾһ֮ǿн췣ֿˡ
췣ڽȥ˻δߣδؿ׵ĳ֣Ժôʱ龰ȴ׵ĳ֡
δ롭
ȥδһϣһ̣ˮƶߵһԺ棬һĳ
ԶҲ䱸ǰˣһȻû
˺һδ̧ͷֿ޵۾Ӻģʱᵽ֮ʱÿĸо
δ룬Ǵ𣿡
ûС
δ벻ͣҡͷ۾ģḧգʱԶ˿ȥλǰվͲҪⷲҪսĳ㵽ס
㵽ĸһ˾һҲ˵ԷΪΣǴ˿伸ֲܼ˶̵ʱ°ħ
Ҷ˽зĿϣ˵һ鴫Ǿ͸ٻᡭ˵꣬˱˴˶һֱۣ⣬Զȥˡ
ΧָֽƽϺڸղʱѾȥˣ˴ΨЩɷ
ϡ
ʱҲǰϣЩţӵҲϴţϷ٣񲻵Ϣ뵱겻ͬһ硣
š
˵ͷʵǡʦ𣿡
ӣΧ˿ҡҡͷûаҲڸ𣿡
ʦѾˣոյ棬歷˵ݣҵб䣬ˡħ̵飬Ѿ֪ˡ
δ۾ЩģӶ䣬ֱۣǰǼٵġ
ʦԾɳϹ¶֮Ȫֻ֮ġ
⡭
ʵЩţӵֶΣδҲ̫ˣⶼֺܹ
̫飬֪Ӻ˵ҲֻܵȻȥ֮˵δˣƣԲɵģε֪ԼħҲڿҪ಻ס˰ɣ
δ룬£Ȼ죬µ飬˵
ݸֻܻͷ˹޸ڵȽǰ鷳ʵڻ֮ǰϵˣڵ꣬ħȻֻû뵽һζԷҡ

˵ţȥŵĵӿôһƬӰֹΪˣϸ֮£Ӱ֮ϣϡ
ʦء
ˮϣƵˮһ棬ʱ䣬ʦڻˡ
໡
˫һξٱСϣˮһ˫۾ҿһҡͷԵģ־ÿɰʵʦʲôѽ


ˮһǴ˵Ϲ𣿸ղôתһ¾ͱôСˡ
˶ˣʦأʦûкʦһ𣿡ˮĴţȴʦֵӰӣֽѾȥˡ
ˮԶƲ죬ûܹʦֺʦһ˵Щʧ䣬Щĵģˡ
ʦá
ʱһӰ˿ݣü໹档
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ˮȥߡ
ţ
ˮһ£Ȼʦջʦһ𣬿Ҳ֪ʱ໹ʦʦȻҪ֮£㲻ˣ̴طȥˡ
Ҵȥǵ塭
ˮԶȥŴʱ໹֪뿪⼸꣬űȻʲôط⣬ղʱҲˣʦ壬Ϊ壿

졣
˴ϢѾħ˾κˣԭɵˣΪѾˣ˭ţͻȻҲ˲ţΪֻڹŪˡ
磡硭ء
ɶ޵øСèƵģᱧԺһĻһĻֻ˵ڹɽ磬ɶٻؾģԼȴ
ɶûˣһˡޡ
˿ὫţδʱиζѳδʦһܾȻԼһֱϣɶȴΪԼѾˣҲˣ꣬ιģҪ֪ջᷢ飬ΣҲҪȰɶȥ
硭
ʱ׺溡𽡢𰡭Ϥ֮˶ڣô꣬׺ҲѲǵʶǸˣСļ䲻ǰһΣѾǵˡ
šƽô
ʱ洫һŮӵǻħЩһֱ棬ɴ˵ΪҲͻơ

Żħ뿪ʱħȻ첻飬ֻħһ£ԻħΪҲԸ
ף
ħĿϣȻ˻ܲΪħܹܵó֪츳һ㣬Ҳţ̶˾磬Ȼǵ˻Ե컯Ҳȷʵˣ峤ϴҪ̤̫徳磬ôܣ
ϡϣ
ʱһֻ׷Ҵ˵ϣϴ޶һ£׷˼أѻָ
׷ôˣ
ɿɶ֪׷һֱ̽ϢӦյϢҲҴҸϻˡ
׷˿ʱˣ˵¸ղ̽ħǱߣħ桭Ѿˡ
Ŷô죬͵Ȳô
΢΢һȻħʱ޿̲ڹ۲죬˴λܱܹħĶĿأ
ءջҪǳȥǶȥɶ۾ˮҲ뿪ˣһѽסȥ
ɶޣҲȥ
ḧĳħڣοյħѾֻ˵ΪѾֻ̫֮ԪؽԶǿɿླǲòӡΪˡ
ħͷͣԳȥǲܵģ㽫ɽƵЩ˽ȥҲѵħ̹ƣħһ飬ΪСӡ


1809 ħ
ҹʱ֣ƺ֮ϣǧɵٲÿһطϹɾΨһطÿÿҹ֮󣬸졣
˵ҹ죬ǰ죬Ҳһɭµĺʱʱ͸Ǹط̫Ҳղȥջ谵ɭƺ
꣬죬¸Խƺ󷨵ҲûɶֻǱʱʱ΢춯
ƺĽأ¹κ˽Բ˽ԿƺΥ߱ؽܵطЩ꣬Ҳȥƺ

С¹СãǲҪܣˡèץסֻè
棬ɶ˵λһ˯ȵһˣڴߣһֱ˯ţǺñӣȥˡ
ɶ˯𣿡
δ벻֪ʱվűߣղһֱţҲټӣɶá
š
ὫϣŪ춯δŷ￴һۣһ죺ãһֻ뵽ˡ
һ£˼롣˵ǣ֣ȥˡ
棬ӭ죬Ȼص֮һϤĸо֮ǰɿླ˺Щطľڻξһ
˵˵ڶŽ磬Щʲôɣ
š
ǣһ±ߣ¹µƺ̫࣬һʱȴ֪Ӻ˵ֿЩĶǵģġ
ǱʶһӣҲͦ˼ģţұ˸Ե
šȻأ
ȻȻĪҾõһˡ
ۣ
δһЦؿϴһ£㶼ˣȥСԣߡţأ
СţǱߣʶһλƵѣ˵ľҲۣǰɱԼ常˴׷ɱȥ֮ʱϲˣѾ˺ˡ
˴δЦʧȻ˲ǰݣƹĹ£ʱ࣬Īɡ
δ룬ͻȻ˸ˣɫͻȻ˸У֮ǰȥЩʲô
ûС
δҡҡͷ῿ļϣǰƺ˵һ죬Ҫ޸ˣ㡭

˵ȥϣû˸Ȣ򲻹
δ뵽ѩƶ˵Ĺ£Щ˸Уʱôһ˵ֲⱻЦˡ
⹦ô£
δ뿿ôȻóɹ죬ǰƺҲ峤ϣһ̾˵һλǰǰһɴҵġ
ǰ
δʱ飬֪ɿླǱ߾Щʲôʵλǰ˵˵
£㽫̫ʥһӣ峤һ˵ˣδ֮󣬲֪ģͻȻüʥһ棬ص֮껹峤ȴȶħ˸ߣҲܵħô˵Խ֮ˣħ֮ԽԻͷ
δ룬ôˣͻȻ죬ʵ
ûûʲô
δ뱻һﾪѣʱعתˣ˵һǰǸζҹ㡣
ζң
һӹɽôˣζͻȻԼʲôһǰԼѵһ㶼֪ǰ
δҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳû˵ʲô£ˡҪȥ𣿡
ˡ
ҡҡͷζδػң߹ȥôˣҲ֪ʲô飬˰ɡ
δʵħأһΣΡ
š
΢΢Դħһ飬ѷǵɱȣУΪٸߣѵֻΪȫԭزҲܣлԵ컯ѵ˾Ͳ
˵ˣħЩˣͷӡΪ٣⿪ӡʵԲСһħֻ̣̫صԣҲ̫š
ֻδ룬λм飬Ҫ㣬ħ㲻ʲôĴУֻ̫ص
£㽫ȸһ˵ˣδ֮Ҳɵסˣֻ̫صǾĿŵˣץӣڣֻ˰ȸ硭˫Ȼǲˡ
̫ȸˣȻѰδ룬ĵģǴҲҵλá
δ룬˵һϹŽƣഫ£ƣǴֻҪЩ⣬κҲ⵹صģĵǡ
˵˴̧ͣͷ壬ʲô᲻ǡ
Ҳ֪
ҡҡͷ˵֪ñȽ϶࣬뻹кܶûиңǰ鴦ˣһȥһǡ
šʱһȥ
ãˣδ룬ø㿴Ҵȸġ
һ˵ţһ߽̫ŷȡ˳˶ʦѹ棬֮ǰ뿪ȸʱ˶Ҳˡ
˿̣͸һɻ̫Ϣоͼڣ飬һ㲻Ƿ
ǡ
δִڶϣʱܵһɻ̫Ϣ̫ŷȸô˶ʦץߵġϧҲδ룬ܿôⶦ𣿡
š
δ˵ͷڷЩһҪͨö࣬κηֻҪնΪá
ʱϸ̽ŶڲһаһЦٺٺٺ٣ȹգô˶ʰħ棬öԸ֡
ȻǵħһʮħԻ֡ɽѪġɱ󡱣̫ͬŷŶһʦסʹȥô꣬ɲС

ǲһطȴǹɭɭħ̣ʱ䣬ɽɷ֮أħ̵ĵǣʱֲ֮С
ʱɽȻһѪɽɷ֮ͻȻƵģһ±øˣֻѪ棬ٲȻһӰ˻Ѫ֣ģʵǽ˺£Ǳˣħ档
ħ棬֮ȷʵ뵱һˣģЩ仯ϢȫȫһˣħһеģȫȻһɿµħϢ
Ȼֻ֮ʱֳӣȥʱϵħϢٻȥһЩ
˿̣ɽѪʧɽ£ֻһӰǸµӣüħεˣ
ˡ
ħϵħϢȥ˫Ѫ죬ü֮ϣҲһѪħӡ


1810 ٸ
Σ
ħɫЩģԣյ˻Ϣ±мɣʼסˡ
ô
һɲǣħһ˿֮ɫħ̣죬ֻҪĸ󻼣һͳħָտɴ£ȴˣ£ȷʵü
գһȥҲûˡ
ħ䣬ڼʮǰͿǳϧʱδܳȥԷĸ󻼣ҲѹסԷһõĻᣬҲʧĻôǧƣת˲ɿա

֮󣬹ħһ£Ѿ÷зԪħ棬ͥ񣬾˵˫죬»档
һȥ壬ѾǵǶǰˣҪϸһĻʮǰ˰ɣʱʲô֮Ҳûʲôֻһͽ
ǸʱҲû˻ɵһȥ壬˱˵ļƣΧδ뱻ܣǺ˼ȴȥ˾ȳġ
һлĿ·չȥûһתۼ䣬Ѿһ֮ˣԪ򣬲֪ж˼ɵҲǰ
ʱٰǰоžŻѪ룬ԼǰĸֻȫˣҲ޸
֣ӷĦһţͬ٣ҹ˯
δ֮£ȥЩʦãЩġ
ǧô
ǰЩƺûйǧѵϢЩ꣬۶ˣֻΪҲѳǰɡ
δ˵üϣһ
ʲô
֮΢΢һüϽһ֮λ֮һˣü뵽ʱλ
δŵ飬Ҳ˵˵Щ꣬Ҳչز飬ȫĴӷӣһˡ
š
̧ͷŴ仨оոչȥûãʵ뿪࣬ѾȥܶˣִţҲ߰ˡ
ֻţɣҲһɣѣһҪò˥Ȼഫֻ׸ģȵǧЩɻţطȡǸʱѾµɰɡ
Ψ٣꣬𡭡
ʱᴥң˵δ룬֪ٵ𣿡
ţ٣˵ǵ˴ͨ󴻡ȡһľƣ˼ҲǷ˴ȡģôˣ
δ뿴֪ֲʲô¡
˵ңһϹӦһϹŶʱòɿѣ󱻷˴Уˡġ䡯ҡ
šȻأ
Ȼ󡭡
ϵƵΣ˵˴ٻǺѣ˴ٻ񣬲ΣҲɽųٴ´ҡ
˴δһЦҲ²£ٻʹϹŶҲ⣬Ժǽų˰ɡ
š˵ͷ˵ʱӦٻ񣬳ȥ֮Ϊ񡭡
šԼ𣿡δʵ
ûС
ҡҡͷҵջΥٻ֮Լ
ΪΣ˴δҲ֪Ϊ첻ԼͣһŵΪˡٻ񡣡
ô
δ῿ļϣ۾һ˵֪ÿγ˯֮ʱҶһܳܳΣ棬ɽϵһһֱ˯ţ˭ҷģֱܾúܾԺҲнŲۣһۿˣ㡭
߹ĵطѩ֮£˰ٻ㣬˵˼䣬ϲ˵ϲϲˡ
δ롭
תͷδҲ۾˱˴ӣԽԽܹŵԷϢδԽԽ죬ҲȾһźƣʱȴͻȻһĿ
δһ¾ѹæֿͷͷ£ʲôʱģ·ôġ
ҡȿȣҲǸոġ
ȣ£ʲô𣿡

˽ת˿δ֮󣬲˵һ׼ǱߣȻѾȥˣħȥ˲ˣϣʲôʱ
ȥҪһЩʱ䣬ڰɡ
վٵȫջһȥ壬ҲţɶҲȥȨǳȥˣˡ

壬ѩ֮ϣֻӰζħѾ˲ˣͤǱа޴ռˣǡµһʯµһĸ֣ˣȴ˭ܵµһĸ֣
ղħˣħҲ˲ˣ뿴һɽҲ뿴Ƿʵ
ȵʱԲ˵аЦòСˣɣ
ϻһ˵꣬ɽºȻһ񹦸ĺ˻ģΨҶ𣡡
ԽԽҲԽԽҪѩɽҲһаĿһԭȻˣӰӡ
񹦸ĺ˻ģΨҶ𣡡
ܿ죬ȻѾ˴ûϻضֻ࣬ǧˣħ̵ʮˣԵЩ˲ϾҪѹԷ
⼸ǧҲƣаЦһһ죬ʮҲߺħ棬鸣죬һͳ£ޱߣ
֮֮㣬ܿ㽫ȻļǧѹûȻһۣʲôûԷ𣡸Һ񹦸ĺ˻ģΨҶ𣡡
ħ棬鸣죬һͳ£ޱߣ
˫ѩɽ֮۸ø±ߵĻѩ䣬ۼ˫ҪɽҲˣʱһŵ۵İ߷˹ЦǲҪٺˣٺȥҪѩˡ
ͣȻǰ˼ŶаޣЦҲվ⡮µһԱߣ
а޵ôͳ첻Ҫһܣ
ĳ˻㣿
Ȼ˶ԷһۣͷһЦ£ȺССϺȻһˡ
δ˵꣬ͻȻûתһղŻȺˣʱȫ˵ԶȥȺˣȫˣ
а޼һ˻վЦͳղ˵ʲôţһˣһô
ȻһһɫصһˡҲҪϵĻ˵ˣ£ˣʰǡһ˵ţһת뿪ˡ
С
а˶һЦʱɽۺȻǿϢһһмѹ˹
ˡ
ɵˣһʱϢм䣬ҲҪһ㣬ʣħһˡ
ֻʺƷӿǺ֮УһӰ̤նϢ֮ǿҪ嶼Ϊ
ϱʣҲһӰն˫ָ󣬲̤նһͷ׷
һ
˽һǿϢʵ𺳣ٸ߳ˣҲϣһǿϢϢ
ܿ죬ħ˫˫Ϸɽۣʱѩ裬˵ǿϢ·Ҫ⸽Ҳһ㣬ڳ֮ˣһܹ͸
¡¡
ԭʵգŴʱ˵ĵһɲǣȻƹ죬֮ϣϢ췣
˸һ֮ǿȻ˼ƣŸһδ֣췣ʵ󣬶˵Ϊ̤εȾ硣


1811 ѩԾ
ħ桭
þò
˿ɽ֮ϣ˵ϢţΧ޲ľһѳħ죬һǽʮ꣬һħǧֵˣǽ棬µĸֻ֣»ٴ𵴡
磡
ߣɶҲˣ溣׺˽ڣһߣпӣЦ죬ԼһЩΪϸߵĳϡ
Ѿȥô꣬ЦͿȻҲóٵûԵ컯һΪʶԪۣ֮ʹǰЩΪٶǿߣٳҲʵһâһ죬̤ǿ֮ˡ
ʱһǿϢֱƲ㷭ӿֹɵһվжǿҪ
ܿ죬ϢȽ֮ǰħҶˡ㡢׻ʦϵǵ˲࣬Ǻǣδ˵ǵţǴ˿ϵϢȴڳκһɵ˸еϢ
λǰҲˡ
ķ򵭵һۣ˲ħ̣ħ£ݣҲħƽƽڴʱһߵɶȴҪħЩ˵һħ֮ʱʱδء
ħ𡭡
˶ȻЩ˲δħ𣬵һ˵ţֻҪ΢ЩʶˣٻǼǵû뵽˴ħ֮ȻλǿҲˡ
˿̸ˣеħеħ棬еǰǴΣ֮𣿶ڲû£һΪϢ֮ǿ
ԶɶĿҲһϣʵΪѾܹħ桢ħЩ˷ͥĵزȻͨ󣬼ʹ٣Ҳ
ɽ۷Хѩ裬ʱ´ˣŶħ棬ĳˣȻҲħ汸ЩС񡣡
˴
һȣѺήҲ·Եóаһˣʱһ䣺ʦܡ
棬ΪһħĵմӣңһΪҲͣܳΪħմӵģ츳ȻҲȥɴʱ̧ͷԶħ棬ϾήҲ񣺡ʦʦ
⡭
ΧҲ˶ħ̵ˣңħ״ӣôˣ
Ȼħɳߣһֱڰп졣
ɽ֮ϣѩˣŶħ棬ǰҷ⼸ˣϣ̽أħ棬ϵЩˣ
ˣס˺ǵȻ֪Щħɳȥˣʱħ治ϵĻһʱɱˣǳϵĻ³ˡ
ձԽԽţʱħ߳һˣһ£üǳűܵˣ˵ǺôӣȥĵطΣǡ
ⲻǾˣĹأߣһɴħķϣˣֻǵΪǰǻħɡ
һΧ˸һȥһΪֱɱ˻̣ңħ״ӰһҲû
Ȼħʱ˪£ɫƽȻ˴ȥ
ǡ
Ȼߵǰܳڶˣһϣ̧ͷߣ
һƴϣʹһΪҲͻȻѪӿŭȻûϵԷžһƣϣʲôɣߣһɻʹ˪Ҫ̹ǡ
Χȫ˽źƣɲȻϣһħϡ
ԶħҲǰ֮֮ǰϤϴڷҲֻҴһؼˣףԷ䣬ħ棬ǵĻһƣҲҴɣ
ãܺá
ħһ㺮˪Ҳʮֿ£ΧˣʶԶȥ
ƲϷ򲻲ţվ㡭
£ħħһͻȻһ¹֮ǿʱɽѩҷɣʹԶˣҲһѪӿֹȥ
ͻȻϮҲ׼һԪѾģ䡱һһƶϣɽۣʱѩ裬缤һɿֲȥҪɽһ˶ȥܲס˵κһ˵
¡¡
է죬ͻȻƷӿֹۿ˵Ѿͻƴ˴ƣҪ췣ˣ˸һȥ
¡¡
ǿɶŵþһɫһ±ɷףһͷδ뻳ءҪס
ɶ¡
δὫţĿҲһħϣ˵ɶ£ܴܻ˵ġ
š
ɶЩʱץδֱۣ͵͵Ǳ߿ȥʮֺ£ȴװµӣ
ϸڴʱ֮£Ȼ˵ԽԽǿħһɫħԪü֮ϵħӡҲ¶һɲǣѾܵһɰɽ
Ϊ䣬ɳǷ켫οʹħ飬Ҳκβ
ȻħʱҲоóһ֮ԶԶԤϣȻǶԷӦеĹ
ߡ
һħ桰ħ֮һߣΧħӰɵһ㣬ֱӿȥ
硭Сģ
ۼһĻɶ־˳ڿླľҲǰʱţȫԪһһ֮ӰţȻħǰħӰֵסˡ
¡¡һΣ˵ȥ췣Ʋɵֱ˳


1812 ѹ
췣֮£˽ŵԶȥɾ췣ʱֻħͬʱһ̧֣һԪһħԪ¡һγһĻǿ赲
⡭
Զ˶ˣʵȻǿԵֿ췣ĳ̶ȣ붼һɺ
ϡ
Ǳߣµ˶źʱ췣㲻üǿܹǿеֵһϻ٣ҪΣ
ԭ谵գʱӳҫ۶Ŀû˸ٿ֮ڣħ𣬴ʱҲϢɽ۽Զ
¡¡췣ԽԽǿħȻţͬˮ𣬻á
ȻչֳʵԶԶħԤϣǰΪ಻̤徳磬û뵽Է̫徳Ĺû˴ˣţ̶ʮѣ̤Ѱһ޷󼰵ľ硣
ٿʱУ׷ѩķѩ֯һֻħһܺڣûɱĳɡ
ħȻȷʵڣڵܹɱʱȴûɱ˶ԷԷƳɣҪɱԷǲˡ
˾ڷѩжãڣɢȥˣһɲǣħٿȻջأͬʱħ˼ޣһħϢϱ˳Զ˽һǣ
ħ֮ӡ
ħһȣ֮ϺȻһɫħӡӡͬСɣһУ̤ʥˣҲҪ˲ɢ
ϵģ
ۼһħӡͻȻȥһȴûע⵽һ˲䣬ָ˽ɫֱǼħ֮ӡӭȥ
䣡
ħָ⼫ħ֮ӡʱһɾ˵ɽ۾һڳ֮˽ԱһˣģףһΣħδӲ췣ͬʱһԾ¡һ췣һǴ˵ֻ壬Ѿҷˡ
Զȥ⸽ǿ缤ѩ裬Զ˶Ϣղһʵľ˿ֻ̣ɽ֮ϣָ󣬶ָĽâѾȥˡ
ٿħ棬ղһƽɫʱȴǵͨ죬ҲЩеģγԱȣһС
ħΪȷʵǵǷ켫˼̫أʩչǿֶϾѾˣܱȵѪյ֮ˣսٻغϣʱذ֮¡
常
аϾɫڣҪǰħһ̧Ŀϣںߣ˼֮ǰ˶ţѾ˲ħԪղһ¼ħ֮ӡԪһָҲʵܽħ֮ӡ׵ֵսپֻǶԽΪ
֣֡
һɲǣħó˼УֻУȻһѪ֣ѪԼĪһɣѪ⣬һƥķ֮ʱɽ۸ѹ
ϵ֣а޵Դ˷ټӾɱ󣬽ʦԼɽʱ꣬ħ£ǿ
ݣ
ת˲֮䣬ѳѹа޶֣Ȼѹסħһˡ
ϣ
µ˽֮ʱδȻָӡ˲ɳһɷɷɷֱײȥ
飡
ڰһײʱ˶Ĥѣһʱδʲôܵסħ֡
ɷɷɷ
һɷڿ壬һɫľǶϾ֮ڶ棬ȴкɫɷȥЩаɭȻ
ǡ
δ̫ŷǲ֪ǰ̫Žλ֮ͨˡ޽ɡƣħֿɱȣ
ֻ̫ŷڻδֻܷӳʮ֮һħȴɷȫˣʱһҲԲ̫ŷ
ѵǡ
ʱںߣһۿⶦ˼֮˾ǴӺζ
飡飡飡
˿̫ŷϽѹȥħҲ¶˳֮ɫһ߿ŷһҪͻȻϮа޵˶Ѿ֪ģǽķɴʱȻһ
ħǰⷨҪ¯һˡ
δһЦ˵ʱ˶ħһ֮ӣɸղħȼģֵ˭
£ֻδ˫͵һӡ̫ŷʱɷأ֮ϴӶдΧȫס˫Ϊ͵ˣǵХ֮һǶҪǶɢ
ȥ
δ˫ӡһ䣬̫ŷʱѹȥ顱һ澹һ²Ѻۣħʱɫһףȥֻ·Ҫ٣æ䣬˻
Ǳסˣһ£̫ŷȴȻѹɷѰ˿Ե¡
⡭
һ˲֣Ҳͬʱ֣һ죬ǿнħ̫ŷڻδʹ£һ˲ѹ
ˡڷһصһ½ħѹ档

ħ˫ס㣬˫ţȴһʯ̫ŷڲϽѹѰ֮ˣͱⶦѹ÷ˣⶦѹóħοסⶦ

ۼٲסⶦˣЩħ̵ĵӽŵĵѣæǰɾǺ֮Ҳ޷ⶦֺ
ⶦʲô
ԶŸɵ˶ˣû뵽ﾹһֲ޿֡
ԶҶˡ㡢׻ʦҲЩɫΪǼʶԶˣɴʱҲ޷˶

ħ˫ŶȴҲ޷ⶦӲǣⶦɷѾ𽥳ʴ
Ѱ˱ⶦѹסһʱƬ̲ѹ飬ֻҪʱһãҲڶ»Ϊһ̯ŧѪǱ붦УǸٳˣؽ궼̫ŷ

ħ潫ħת˼ޣȻ޷ⶦһ˹ħʱģҲʶˣֻ̫صĿ£һˣ̫ŽﻹŶٿµĶ
һΪƾһܽѹ壿ħĿѣʱϣѾħƣ˫ҲѪޱȡ
Ȼ֪ƾһԽħѹڴˣǡþŶ


1813 
Ŷ֪̫ŷҲʱӲյԽգƱԽħ
ȻˣֻΪɣħ𣬵ҲҪħѹ塣
ǳħһΪ£ǶԷƼˣգ½ҲֲźãԼþգȷġ
˿̣һħȥŶԷ̫ŷ³ģ˵ħ̣ǾˮˮЩ꣬Ҳڣȴڱ˲顭
ٺ١
ħȻһЦνľˮˮ̲ɣ£ӴΪ֮Чô
ɫȻ˫ָ˵Ը£ôкβɣ
Ը¡
ħһЦݺݵصһϷ˵㣬ɱңҲûôס
ɱ㣿
ﵭ˿̫ŷ˵ⶦ£κҲŲһʱһʱ֮󣬱ؽΪһ̯ŧѪϾħǰĳɱһǰء
һ˵꣬һ̧̫ŷʱħڵԴʱǵͨ죬ֻǿ
ϣףӽҲٿЩ鷢򡭡ĳ⣬κһʧ񡭡Ыһ
һħ̵ЩˣŸɵһű׶£ʵľֶ֮ݣħҲټ
ħָ˫ǿҪһЫţȷʵŵģԭ̽һĵߣȴû뵽š
һ֣֮Ҳȷʵ˲û˸ΪС
ˣվ͵Ϊֹɣĳæʧˡ
һ˵ţһתǱȥɽ۷ѩң˶Ϣһˡ
磡
ɶһ´Ⱥ˳ϣὫţ˸ͷɶ𣿡˵ʱԱȻӹһ磬ϡ
ɶ䡣
šǣǻȥɡ
ţ
ɶЦݴʹѾɾ꣬統һаȻǰɱˣһɱԶҲû뵽֮ˣȻҲһ棬ʵ
Ŷˡ
ǣɶ֣תͷԶħȥ˵λǰˣĳʱɨӭ
һڳһѲҪħһħҲ죬ôʱԪ򣬿µһˡ
ˣʱδ̬ҲδͶħ̣֮ǰħ棬ȻԼ뷨
߰ɡ
һɽȥˣѩڸ˸ӡǸϢ񣬿нԶʧڷѩеӰʴ˭ǽʮԪͷʢ֮һľν֮档

ص֮һ±þȻһ壬¸ɣشӽ˸ٿ
ʣ·֮һƬҡҷӳӰӣ˿̷ǰֻͿˣʱô꣬ûѰٵһߺʵĻȻǿҲΪº裬Ļ꣬ȴȳºĻǿ
ʱɿླľҲǸ̾ʵͿˣһضഫֻû뵽һλ̫徳ǿߣʱһΪ
ں׷ɱʥһӣ峤ϱһ£Ȼ˵÷Ƶǿܹ󵽣һضһߣʥһľˡСӴ֮ˣͬһðգóҲ֮ˡ
飬Сӣúܺá
ô꣬ǳϴˣܱʹ峤һΪҲðȥɱʥһӡˣʵ֮ˡ
Щ飬ȥ˶Ҳ֪ʧܵı󣬾ֻûԸȥ
̨ϵĵƻԺֻƸʦ˵ºһ䡰úܺáôˣǵһʦϿɡ
š˵Σһֱ̤̫֮ɱϾ
ϣΨӿˣĹƣˮʵҲȫ磬һϣ̲ħ鼫ħƪ
ȻҲף֮ǰڿླǺˮ˳ºһѵ磬Ҳֻ磬ĹһЩġ
޷ȹЩʱգܽȫ磬ʮ꣬ꡣ
һ˵ţһߵ˴̨ߣŴҹɫЩ꣬ʦѣ˵㣬ϼһҵ취ȥڤûˡ
¡ʱ򡣡Ͽվ˹ȥתô˵
ߵԱߣŴ£˫ָ˵ڤûô򵥣ڤϾǧǰѾʥʵΪ˺εȾ硭ߣĺ˻ģһħô򵥣ǵ֮ǿ߷һ֮סȥ
ӣʱȻףЩ꣬Ԫͷʢɵ̲ûоǿȫϹŽƣַ
˼ǣ취ħ
š
ӵ˵ͷԸ죬Ǽã˵ӣǶǲ
ü˵ף촴ʮ꣬ȵù졢ֻ̫صĺ˻Щ
죬ֻ̫صĺ˻ģΪ˼ؽƼأһؽ𽥱ˣʱֻʱվڴ֮ǰܹ䡣
¡һȥɡ
Ŵ⣬ڹɽ磬һ֮족ȻСö֮࣬棬Ҳ˵־ǿߡ
ҹʱ뿪˹·壬صʱһڵ⣬
ϡˡ
š𰣬⼸գ㿴Цǰ𣿡
Цǰ
ͷȥʱģ飬֮ǰ¸˵ģĪģʱ䣬ǰĿʱ
̧ͷ˵֮Цǰͻ˶·壬û
ԣüһʵ֮ǰ˵Ŀ񼲣ԽԽƵˣô£
ңҲ֪
Ҳһü˵ǰµʱʱûЦǰмζЩδ빬歷ˣÿǰ񼲷ʮֹܹԸˡ


1814 
Ըˡ
ôһ˵֮ü֮ǰЦ񼲷ңȷʵʮֿ£һδ룬ЩڶԷ⾿ô£
Цȷʵʦһָüģ֮ҲٵЦʱʱԷ˵֮־
ʱӲЦ񼲷񼲾Ǵʲôʱʼģѵͬʱ˾Ե;ôû£
˵ÿÿЦǰ񼲷ʱҪʲôȴּǲܸоǰʧȥһЩ䡣
룬ʵ罧ҽʥҩʥλǰҲûа취ǰκ𣿡
ҡҡͷҽʥҩʥλǰҲ취գʧˡ
֮Ǳǰ񼲵ʲôҽʥҩʥ޲ߣ¼䣬ܹκĿˡ
𰣬˵˵ǰÿο񼲷ʱӡ
⡭
룬ѧЦ񼲷ʱģ˫סͷɱɱɱˣһ죬ɱɱɱɱɱɱɱɱ֮ɱɱطɱɱɱɱɱɱɱ
ã֪ˣЩʱգȥǰ⡭
ϻʲô𣿡
ֹģʵ
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飬ͷҧ촽ϸ°²
˵
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Ϣŭ
𰼱æ˵֮ǰһֱ˵£ʼ޹׷ȥˡȻûҵκһ£ʵ̫ΣЩҲ֪
˵˴С̧ͷټ˵ˣɫ˵˵ǡ
ż֮ǰ׷ȥҲʮ棬ɽ£˸ȥŵɱˣҸεǣ弸ٿˣһҹɱֱڶ죬űŵ˷֣ôܣλͨôǵʱҲδ
˵˴𽥱˵£ҲѲ˹ϵ𡭡
ŴԣһæͷЩ´˵Ҳֻ¸˵Ĳ²ѡ
ˣ°ɡ
һֻ̣һ֮ӿͷĸѪѱԼѾҳ˳ˣ塭ɱ˭Լ֪
Դȥź󣬼ÿÿҹﶼԼʲôʱܻȥһˣֻһųԶٷ
ÿĶ죬һԼ֯ѣ޻Լˣ֪Լһ䣬Ҳٶ˫ַˡ
ϡ
û£ȥɡ
ȥǺʹǰһټģڵʱû壬ˣȴøˡ

֮Цڶ·ʼûжմȥδȴЩģ֮ǰЦ񼲷ʱģ̫£κ˶ܿ
δ룬û£桭
ʱḧ˸δͷصȥ棬ʮְֻһĵˮ洫
ǰ𣿡
󣬲֪ΪΣом䣬ЦԵʣϾǰǱ˳Ѫħġ
šš
֮ʱصЦЩͳеڴС˽ȥֻص棬Ѫ󣬶ЦϥѪм䣬һͷҷɢڼϣģȥȷʵмֿ¡
ЦʱģȻ˵źɽ棬ʱԷҲɢͷ
ǰ
ʱ˹ȥЦЩ΢΢ҡҡͷû¡ͻȻô
ҹǰ֮ǰ˵ǰ
š
Ц˵ͷ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʵʱ˳Ǿ졭
ǡЦҡҡͷʱ̧ͷСӣһģ
£ֽŽ˵һ飬֮Ц˵ͷҲһԵˣֻǿϧλ峤ϡ
ʱԵϵĿ񼲣ȴֲ֪οڣЦ쿴һۣ˵֪ʲô񼲷Լ֪Լ˭ҺЩ飬ǲˡСӡ
ǰ˵
֪ʱΪͻȻ֣һżָָԼţ˵
ǰôˣ
һЩɫЦָԼͷ˵СӡĻϸˣһɡһˣһԪˣмҪ飬һֱ벻ÿο񼲷Һܹ֮ȫûӡ󡣡
ʲô
΢΢һʲôˣͨ챾£ܹǰһԪߣ
һ̣ǴЦ񼲷ʱҹ־ʱסʱҹǰһʶ䣬ܿǱǿĨˣѵҹԾģֶΡ
Ц˿Ҳо֮СҪסҪСκһӽߵˡ
֪ˡǣǰ㡭
ŸղԣЩЦ죬ܸоûô򵥣Цҡҡͷһ̣ɫͻȻЩ԰ףû£ȥɡصҡ
ǰأʲô飬Ըҡ
գ뿪ˣ뿪֮Ц̧ͷŵķԺֻ˵ǸСС꣬СӣѾˣΪԼͿҪˣʱܵһ飬ҲǣҵĴɡȿȣȿȣ
ͻȻҿ죬ſʱ棬һѪ
Ǻǡʱվǿ쵽ˡȡȿȡ

˵뿪صܸ֮оղŹǰЩûиָо˵ɽ£һԷ
ǰΣ
ʱδ֮ɫ￴˿Ϊĵʵ
û¡
ҡҡͷ˵ǰʱصġ
š
ôһ˵󣬻δԷһЩȥ·ʵˣħΣһֱûг
ħδЦЦӷҲȥˣվ񡣡
ˡҲá
˵ͷ֮ǰȥɽһ·йħæӦԷлˣʹȥħڣϹħ֮꣬󣬶һλĺɣħħڣЩħҪõöࡣ
һӣȵｫʱδߣһգȴһλؿˣһŹţǴǷġ


1815 
ϡô˵
δټʱأһԲӣţһŵţʱ䣬ȥһˡ
ţ
δһ֪Ϊأ죬ûô򵥡
ţһΣԸ繫һʱǴ֮ǰȥʴ֮صʱ򣬾ǣȥһ
ʱ߹һ˵ʱδδҲδ˵ǾǺ
һȥʴ֮أң׺Ͳϵǳ˵һֻǵʱδʱ
һδɫһһ̣Ѿµʲôǣѵǡ
Ҵչȥһˡ
ţڴ֮ǰʹȥһǣڶԷţҲ˵ʱѾˡ
ǡһȥɡ
δҲ֪оʲô֮˷룬Ϊ֮ˣϴ̫ȴ˵ֻ̫صˣ⣬ܿҪ⿪ˡ
á
˼Щңÿÿ뵽길ĸ֮£һۣͻῴĸȥػ
ռǧΨһӵʮˣ֮ǿ˼һ̣ػԼ

ºͻδ˻֮ǣ˲еİ
ǣ˼֮أǰʱֲϣʬҰ޾һ֮أûܹȥ
֪һ꣬һλ˴۴˵֮£һո֣˴Ϊ𡱣
˺ǧ֮£սǿΪ֮һǣ۴˳ǣʱգɴ˲ɷ
˵֮澳ҵĵطôǣ֮Ϊĵطûκ˿ڳΪ˱ǿ
ڵϹʱλ
һɸ߿֮ϣͻδһֻ棬˫мߣЩ԰ף˳Ϊ롱
ߵ·ֱǣ׻ȸ
ȥ棬Ȼ˫㲻ߣΪȴǼ˵ɲģҲ˹ϣ棬ѶԸһˣ˫мȴӰƮսѰһ˿½Ҳš
Ǻǣˡ
棬ϴЦתΣӭ˳ʵɲ⣬ȴʼЦ紺磬һõĸо
λǣδ룬Σͣ
δ빰˹֣δ롣
ŶԭδȻ֪һͬǰǣǿԷġ
ǰյţ֪˴Ρк£
ص֪
δصӣҲȥԼ֮һؾǰؾ͸ΪʶҲ޷̽档
һؾڣʵ˴˴ǡ
ȥ֪˵꣬δ뿴ȥһЦͷδȺƬˡ
á
롣
ʱؾǰؾڣǰҲԥȥ
ؾ棬ж죬棬ܵһ쳣ֻܷ͵֣һϹɹһޣɹһǹȥˡ
빬棬ָܵһׯϵգһſڵɻǵãϴǣ˵㸸磬һ
Ǽǵã˵ʱδʱô
˵ڣֻ̫صӦЩ˽˰ɣһΣȸ֮£Ѿ˵ˡ
ǣȻ֪¡
û뵽ôԶ飬йֻ̫صģȻ֪ˣǺ˵ʱ־ָʲô
ҽ֪ˡ
˹һ㣬һ棬ׯϣصʯ̨һʯ̨Уʯ̨ϷԼĪһߴһǡ
ߡ
ʯ̨ϵǲûдţǲڰǰ⣬Ӵˣδ߳֡
һŲߣȻһֱ˵Ǹģ־ô£һߺ棬˶ܣֻ²ֻô򵥡
˿̣һָоҲ飬Ҫˮʯˣʬħ霣ףֻ̫صĻ


1816 ߵı

תΣȥʯ̨ϣִǲ֮ϣһɲǣܵһңԶ̫ŵİ˻Ϣ
⡭
һ˲䣬ǴһܷӦ֣ȻһŲ߲򵥣֪ߴǰ˭𣿡
˭
ȥߵˣȻ򵥣ǲ˭ǲݣ־ʲô
ڴ֮ǰһΪֻ̫ص䣬Ѿûе˰ɣʵˣǵĵ֣̫Ű˻ˡ
̫Ű˻ˣ
ɫһ֣ǰδֻһڣѵҲֻ̫صһ̫ʱڣ
˵ֻ̫ص֮ǿȷʵǿ⣬ʱҲû̫Ű˻ˣ̫Ű˻ˣǺֵġ
Ȼأߣ̫Ű˻ʲôϵʵ

תΣʯ̨ǰ棬Ĳߣ˵̫Ű˻ˣΪĸĸֱǶ׻ϷȸĵϣһߣǰǴӲժߣԱ˴֮䣬δԷģҲ֪ԷǷݡ
˴ͣͣż¿ŲߣǲΨһϴ֮ˣΪϡ
ѻ˵ֻ꣬תȥʯ̨ϵߣ֪Ǻ˴
ˣѵǶǰĳλϣ

ͷǺܶǰʱλ澳ﴴģֻ̫ص澳иĻѾ֪ˣ̫Ű˻澳ǣ𣿡ȥ
ˡ
ʯ̨ϵĲߣʱһһ㣬ˣߣУʱգߺ棬µ־ĥ־Ҫˣȥ
ʵǡһҲ˵Ҹף˵߽Ҹеλϣڣ
ˡ
ˣ
šˡ
̾һ˵ʱѾش̫ŽһλǿճֵģûܹǰʣµĹȫӡ㸸ڣͷԪ֮һѺۣ㸸״ɹ˳
ʲô
˴еЩ𾪣һĻˣ峤ǰһΪԼ
ǰϲӰ˻ĽʱǱֻ̫صĲ磬ĿģҪҵһȻʼգϲδʲô֪ǶһʮΣյĶ̫ŽǼ롭
عʵȻˣǱֻ̫ص֪Σ֮£һǲΪβǵǰȥ
ҡҡͷֻ̫ص̫ˣϲǱȥҪʮʱ䣬ҵĿŵȸˣʱԷǱ룬ֻڲ磬ݱ¶ˣʱɱ˲֮Ȼαװɲ֮Ǳ漸ʮꡭ
˴ȻȻ飬ǰɱŵˣȻαװˣǱʱ䡭ĿģȴȻͬ
ʮϲķҲǵĲĸף꣬㸸׻ֻǸСС꣬ϲ꣬ҵʱ⣬㸸׵ǱȴƷΣ㲻óȻ⡣
˵븸йصˣϢ
ҰϲķԸĸףЩСү෴ƽƽ棬ݡ˵Ǻ΢ˣҷ֣㸸׵ȴܾˣԶЩʳүɱȣͬʱ㸸׵ıԣҲҺ⣬ʱֻһСС꣬Ϊȴǹ䣬еһţ䲻ٵԶʤЩ֮ͬˡ
ʱ޸ΪˣҲɵһů⣬ֻůȴһɬδĸһۣҲֻǵʱ
˵ҺϲƷжԸʤ֮ͬСϲ㸸ΪͽѰ㸸϶Ϊ˵ѡˡ
أΣѾȲ֪ˣͲµ˽֡
㸸׳ΪʮʥһֱǵϲĻκ֪ˣϲ֮ĹϵȻ㸸ԳУ۵ʱЩα˵йϲκһ֡
Щˡ
ᵽЩˣ붼Ըȥ룬ʱ˲ٿɣΪûһүݡ
㸸ףһˣҲѹأ֮һУʶĸףҲռҴС㣬ᣬҺռҵĹϵҲ֪ݣҴӹ񶼲ʱˣܵҼԣǼλϣҪ㸸
ǡ
ָ˲ٿģֻǸףĸףδ䣬ȴԼᱻοԸ׷Ÿף롣
ڶ꣬ϲڲ磬ҵ֪޷ֻ˽ȥ֪꣬㸸һУᵽֻԲ֮ݣ㸸Ϊ紫ˣ㸸׽ֻ̫ص˲лᣬ㸸װȥ
ʱ㸸֮һʼȻҲţջǽʵʱϲδǿ磬˵Իȥʮʥ츳澳ǴΪѡ磬޷֤ܷųȥһ¶ҶˡҪڲ硣
Ȼءȥ𣿡
Ȳʵһ̣ѾʼЩ֪ΪΪ֮ĸأĸô졭
̾˵ʱЩԥԲ̰ǵʱĸ׿Уʵڸ᲻ĸףԺ飬ĸף뵽ĸҲǸŮӣ̫ŽǼᵼ´ңͿ̿Ļô㸸ףϲԣȥ̫Ų磬óûܳȥ
ĸס
ָһ󣬴ʱ˫棬Ѿ̲סˮǰŲߣߵıʲô
һ̾ߵ֪ߵıʲô𣿡
ָ֪֪ߵı󣬿ĸ֡ȡ塣
ȡ壬׵ȡ塭


1817 
뿴ʯ̨ϵĲߣ˵淢飬Ѿ֪ˣջǰ¶ˣΪõش̫Žһλ֮£ˣȸǸǣз֣ҲܶԸ˲
ղ˵̫أǶǺȸǼִɢ˼ʣĹ㸸ڣ˲ķӡ㸸ףͲߣ˳ȥ
뽫߱Ĺ½꣬κţõسοˣס
ʱ˫ѾЩᣬһʯ̨ϵĲߣߵı̫أûõ޹ֵ˵ʱδ˳أʱԼܹõġ
ȻӲ˳ֻ̫صŹĻ죬Ҫ׽ȥǣ̫󣬲ܾˣ֪ԵʱĻ̫ӣ㸸װһĪе˵Ϊɽɱˡ
˴ͣ̾żӣǲҵģ뿪ңǴҼλ˺һ·׷ɱĪеҲΪˣɰֻ̫صĻ׷ɱȴûһֻ֪̫صһУĻڸˣ˺ܿ£ΪߣǸҲҲҪõ
Ļ졭
ָ۱ͨ죬ɱɱĸ֮Ѫ𣬲죬ɱˡ
ΪεײŲ߻ذ˻Ľ磿ֻ̫ص޼ɵҲ׷ɱ˻Ľɡ
ġ
ҡҡͷ˵ʱĸѾ㣬ذ˻Ľ磬̳в֮λԵʱܽİʱ޷ٳˣʱᶪĸ׺ء
ʵ˵Ҳ뵽ʱĸѾԼǸ֮ˣᶪ뿪ء
ؼ֮⣬ѩ֮ҹһѪսˣĸ׺ԼûЩˣ̤ؼһ
̾գ㸸׽߽ң˵δܻҽߣһ֮˼̳С
ǸҪȥᵽ
ûС
ҡҡͷ˵ֻʴ֮Ǳ߶ȥû˵Ҫȥ׼ȷطҲ룬ӦҪҸطٴֻ̫ص
ʲôüͷ壬ʵ
粢δ˵
һ꣬òŵǲ˼Ҫܣκ֪Ǽʲô
Ҳټ׷ˣ˿Ժ˼ңÿÿǸΣǻңԼһ
˵飬ӦѾ֪ˣĸԼδµ㣬ӵȪȣͱ̫׷ˣĻҲˡ
飬̫˵ֻϧ̫ӻûüѺĻ˵꣬ͱԶԪ֮⣬ɱӰΣʮɱֶΣδҲ֪˭ɱ̫ӡ
е飬ˡ
תΣʯ̨һЩϤͼڣҲ̾Ϣ˸Уʶ꣬ʦѣգ޷⣬ɢҲ֮
֮󣬲Ҫһ֮˼̳в֮λ룬Ѿˡ
һЩĲߣ˵Ҫңذ˻Ľ磬̳в֮λ
롭ûбʵˣߡֻ̳˲֮λֻ̫صŻ㣬ɵ
󣬽ĲߣݵС
һŲߣʱֻޱȣδйĳ֮УЩ͸
̳в֮λ󣬲ð˻˵֪ԭݣͬʱҲκ͸¶ݣǰժߣδȫεˡ
֪ô
ĲߣȻܹ̲ܵصķߣǲΨһֻһͨͨڵò߶ѡ
ķ˿ƣֻҪߺʹͨˣҲ޷ò޷֪̽Ϊ޷֪Ϣı䡭ֻ֮Ҫϲߣ׽ˣҲ޷ϳˣҪס
˴ͣòֽŵϲһͲֻǴǰˣҪ̳еģֻǲ֮λС㸸׵־ˣͳҰɡ
˵֮תΣȥˣ֮ʧټصֻеһâĲϡ
Ʈɢ


1818 
ãŴؾɫδһֱȵ˿̼죬ȥǹĵʵôˣ˵ʲôˣ
ĬһŽóδһߣӶ϶֮ǰĲ²⣬૵ǡġ
š
˵ͷ˿̵Ϊ̳в֮¶ÿÿ뵽׺ĸף˳ʱܱȥ˻ˡ
Ǻ°
δƵӣס֣˵˻˵Դö࣬ȥ˻ˣ̳в֮λǶҲĻԵ
δ룬ô֪˻ˣҸղŲû˵
һ֮ǰֻ̫صĻҲȽϤΪЩԼ֪飬ȴ֪ΪλԼ֪ô࡭
δͷͲµ
ô
ͷ뽻Ĳߣ̫Ű˻һڣڲ˵ĸӴɣĸֱǶ׻Ϸȸ䡣
ȥ˻˼̳в֮λǱȻģὫµĲߣأ̳в֮λҲλϲ𣬾񵱳峤ϱһ
ֻʱ꣬һѾаûлȥˣҲ֪ڰ˻һڣǰٷϴˡ
ȥ˻֮ǰұһ߰ɣȥ롣
ҹĻᴹʱ˻صŲ߻֪Ѿ˾Ѿ̫ڣ˴Ų߻ȥˡ
ȥ˻֮ǰҪһ£뷨˵˳ȥ˻ˣһ档
š
˵ͷ׼һУ˿ֻ̣ȡһֻССͭ˵ϲµһư˻֮һ˻֮˵꣬еĶȥ
ֵֻͭǱѰҵһĺ֮
һоɳΪҪȻһòô鷳ֻҵһ֮Ｔɡ
δϹԻ֮ľΪΪʳ֮
һЦδһȥأҵȡһ֦԰˻֮
˵˴ֽͣͣŵرȽϤգһȥذɡ
˿˵أȻָ˼ɽλԪ֮ͻδɽϣʱҵһɹȣδɹ棬ҵһ

ڶգϣδ뿴Ŵʱ߽İвһԭŮӡ
ǵˣߵΨһŮӣƽʱһ£ϴһŰߣ˿ò
룬𣿡
ʱ˽תΣòȥ˴ȥأҵ֮ľ
ԣͻδ뿴˿Ѿ׼֣ͷá
˲飬̣ɽϣֻǧ⣬ѩƮ֮䣬ããһƬ
˼أĶ࣬ҲǸп꣬뻨δأȥ֮һαתۡ
֮ľɾɾ֮⣬зѩΪ裬Ǹҡ
һ·ϣĻ࣬Ҳһº͵ĸоֱ֮Уɽϵıѩ
ڹȥǧ֪жҵɾڣ޹ֻ֮£ѩ·Ҳţ̸ȥɾ
ƺܹӦɾڣºһǰ⸽ѩıѩХ֮⣬ʲôҲˡ
ѩģȴһ쳣͸δʱҲܵˣ˵ɾ⸽ˡ
ڲУߡ˵꣬˫һ㣬ǾȥıѩһЩƸǿѰ˸ϲȥ
δ룬СһЩ
Żδ룬ҲǾȥ˵˾мʱѩˣܹܳѰıѩȻɾĽƣΪѵ
ߣ
£һˣŰδ룬ǿǾȥԼ˲ڵ
֮ǰһжʱȻʣǱѩأҲûǻ찵صıѩˣеǰٻţ滨ܣͱּϪޡ
ɾô
δؿǰɾЩ񻰴˵ȻģɾֻǷ˸Ҳˣɾδʧ
Ҳؿǰɾһɲǣ˵壬ĸоЩޣط·ʱ
ֻɾһǴ˵еİٻɾҲˣҲǰѾޱ޾ıѩ֮£߰ɡǽȥ
ɾ֮һλϹŵĸоһУ治һɫĺ̲ĿҰּ飬С¹ӣ˲
ǿ𣿡
˳ʱָԶһ£ͻδɾ棬ʱ˵Ļ󣬲Żعȥ
ֻۣ֮ʲôһһʮƯϸ֮£һøߴȻ̵һ֦һ䣬ƻǱҪҵˡ
ػȥޣȥȡľ֦֮˵ţȥֵСһЩ
š
ûжԣϷȥȻһʱһʮɳߴ˳
˫ͨ죬ţҲ߰ǧеˣʵǱѰ˫ֽӡʩչߣ˱𴦡
ɹͻδҲԥ֮۷ȥ
£ʱܵһϹ֮ǰ±ߵʱ򻹲ãʱ£ŷ֮꣬ɵˮ̨ǿƣĪҲʦɾֲ
죬ȡ֮ľ
š
عԥɵǰҪȡһ֮ľʱϺȻһӰһ̫죬һ棬δӦ
Сģ
δһ˲ǰһӰȴһߣδ뵲ǰߣʱ㱻ǰҧһڡ
δʱеһĴʹһ֣ǰҧ֮Ҳģһȥ
δ룡
һ֣ǰҧѪֺ̽סѶδҡͷûû£Ұٶ֡˵ˣ飬ûġ
ԣŷģϵİ߿ȥ仹ţ׵ӣָһһ˷ɽȵߣ
𣡱δѸס˵ڴػǧ꣬Ҫ
ȻֻǼɽҪ߶ѣǰ߼ɽһʱȴˡ
δ뿴ССףֻȡһľÿɡ
һ˵ţһ˫ֽӡ⣬Ʈǰϣǰ߸֪󣬾Ȼı˳ˡ


1819 ̫Ű˻Ľ
ڣȡľ
δѸ˵һ̣ҲԥɽСȡһľõ֮ľ˲ԥɹȷȥ
ҲɻˣˣΣȡ֮ľ𣿡
š
֮ľȡһ֮ľ̺ϹȻܹһҪһȴֻһô򵥡
Χ˿˵˴ɹ棬ɣδ룬š
á
ԥ£Ȼշ֮ǰδйʮֽ
δ룬ֻ𣿡˿̻δϻЩ֮ɫ߽һЩ
ˡδҡҡͷվһԣֿ˿ʵôˣ
û£͸ոգһСҧһ¡
š߰ɡ
˵ͷٶʣ漴ɹȥˣδ뿴˿ҲٶԣŰһȥˡ
ɹ棬Ҳòһ󷨣߳ɹᣬ֮ľΪԴɾİ˻֮һѡ
ڣɹһƾԪҪֿ٣й̾ʧܣһʧܵĻһ˲ҷԪҲҪܵصĴˡ
ʱһȥԭʵɹȣЩ죬ʱ֮ϣҲһ񷣣ÿһʱ䣬ή¡
УҪʮŵ٣ĻķҲֻǿܣûбǣ㲻ϵķ
ʱ䣬δһֱ棬ʧܣĻشڷ֪֮һˣ˵ķ֮֮ڣܼ˱˾˾ġ
˾ķ֮ѳ뻯ֻ봵һһѲֱΪ𣬱ΪٻֻҪһδǱܹɱ
Ȼķ֮˶һ壬˾ķ֮ѷһ
ȥһ£ʮŵѹһգֻɹ죬δʱЦտɹˣ
š
һԣǲ棬޷ɹĻѷɫһˡ
߰ɣǽȥ
£ͻδɹȥȥ֮ʱȻվһĻϸһֱܹó˭Ƿ˭Ǳ
δ룬󡣡˹ȥʵΣǿܹ壬ĸҷ
ԣδһЦӴӣԼˣԼ˵ˣ⻹ò𣿡
šҲǡ
عͷ˿ģһ£ϢҲһģһʵĿǰȴֻһ룬Ͼûʦһͨ
ܹһѾΪˣҪһͨű۶С
һһԪɣȫĳֽޣģȻܹͨӦʹһ죬һڰ˻Ľ磬ҲܹӦ
֮ڰ˻ˣҲܹ֪ͨ飬죬Ҳܹ֪ͨ˻˵顣
Ҫһȡ֣ģǲ⾳ǾԵĲ⾳ΪΪ顱
δ죬ǣ׼֮ȥ̫Ű˻һ£̫žʮ磬˻ĽȻҲǾʮеһ
֮Ͱصǣȥ̫Ű˻һ£Ѱ׵ɼ˺֮İ˻ķ
˰˻Ƕǰĳλ£󣬿ʹ֮һͨ˻Ľ֮϶Ҫ˻Ľˣֻվ֮мɡ
һʱ˻Ѿ׼ãɰ׻䡢ȸ󷨣ͬ˻Ľ硣
׼ˣɡ
ϣվԱߣĴ⣬ȥ˻ˣһʱ䲻ܻˡĲߣɳأȸͰҲĬȻĿ
ϲһͲֻǴǰˣҪ̳еģֻǲ֮λС㸸׵־
ʱ˿̣Ժص˵ĻϲһͲǴǰǸˡ
ĲߣͻȻǱøˣһɲǣ֪Ƿǻþ·ߵĺ棬һǸ׵ۺʱҪҪǰѡߵ·
ס
еߣûκһ̣Ĳͼڣ·ˣҲøӼˡ
ۺʱҪ
ˡ
ᶨеĲߣ길ףȻδһߴȥǵѡȥֻ̫صһѾǲˡۺʱδ
ȸˣһҲϢˣһŲߴȥ
¡¡
ԭʵգȻߴȥһ˲䣬ƷӿǾ֮ϣֻ֮ǲۣ֮˲֮Ӱ
һ̣ΧҲӰ𣬰ǵֱ֮ơ
ʱңԶ̫Ű˻Ľ磬عϵĲϿգҲ֮·λ߾һĿŵؿӰڵһĻ
ǲλˣ
ڼλ߾֮ʣķȻת۳һ󷨣ֱʣĲ֮Ӱӳ
ͬʱڰ׻ȸطĳص棬Ҳͬʱһ
ˡ

ǣǾһĻӰ裬ǧ˵澰
Ǻǡķ򣿡
֮ѵǲ𣿡
ǵߣȫ֪֪̫Ű˻ˣʱӰҲֻԼ롣
֪˶ãӰ澰Žʧʱ֮ϣ˻ķѾ˲ߣ룬һȥ
ŷ󷢶һ˲䣬ǽ޾ǰһƬʲôҲʲôҲܲٴʱǰ֮Ȼһ£֮ˣһصϹ硣
ֻΧ͵֣һɽ壬ֱϷϹЩʮ־޴в˫ֱӿȥȫƶһЩ񻰴˵
ǰ˻Ľ磿
ǰȫİֹϹ磬£һȻֻһ޴Ӱ¡һǰߵϣǿϹʱɽһͬʱ֮˫ѣȥ
ʱǰģһͷϹŻ˫չܹǰɽһ˲ҷʮֿ¡
˫Ŀƻ𣬿Ҳ»棬ɳȵϢܹһ㣬δȿϹʱҲ֪ݣֻܹܵЩ̲ŵĿֲ
΢Ц˵ϹǵŶʱʱջңǲ½ģ㲻ؽţǲһĲ֮
š
ָϵĲߣһɲǣϵĲͼƻһһɲ֮˲߱ȫģһ֮
֮£ϹŻʱŵȥ˫ͷУЩԭڰϹʱҲŵ˸ɽϣеڵأɪɪе˫ͷҶ
ǲ֮ô
ַʱܸܵתϢĲ֮ƺڣѾᵽ֮
֮ʧ֮ɽͷϹѸٷŵԶˡ
Ѿ˶Բ֮ãһЦò֮ѾˣղЩϹЩһ׵ģ߽׵Ĳܹ֮ͬǣ߽ϵģǺǣĿǰΪǿҪСඡ
š
˵ͷϵĲ֮תһΣ˵˴һ·̣йذ˻˵飬Ǳ߱˵ɣ·һһЩ飬Ȼգһ㡣
š
漴̣һ·ϣ̫Ű˻˵飬˵˻ĽЩطҲɣʹǲҲȥ
׻ȸԼЩ˴֮ҲЩԺ׵ġ
˵࣬ȻҲףһʮǰˣҲ֮𣬲ϢסȻ֪Ĳĵʵˡ


1820 
һ·Ȼʵ˻Ľ磬ֻ̫Ű˻𣿡
̫ŽȻֻֻ̫صΪֻ̫ص۷ǿԼһ磬ô˻Ľأޱ޾ǷҲֻ̫Ű˻ˣ

ҡҡͷԶ԰˻Ϊ壬˻ĽҲǶǰ˻˵ԺϤ
룬ʵҵ˭
ǲĸϡ
˿˵˳үϲ֮ǰѾλˣ˵Ҳǳˣĵֻб䣬˶Բģӹɡ
š
˵ͷĬĬֵ֣˻ĵ֮£ޣ߹߹ֱǽ޹޹ص޹޹޹β޹޹߹ϳΪޡ
ȸ߹Ϊȸޣ߹Ϊޣ׻߹Ϊ׻ޡ
ˡ
˵ͷּһԣ߹һλͬʱԼĳϣλʮλȣ඼ڱչ޹ϴ𣬾һֱûйֻλϣһλǧһλľλҲϴʵǳǿպǽ
ǧľ
֣ҲĬĬУһֵģ޹޹Ϊºһλʦ㣬ڡǰ׻޹Ĺ
˴ɵһ޹׻޹ʦͬţ
šҪӺܶǰ˵ˣʦͬţĹȴȻͬǻºġ
˴Ȼͣʵºʲô


šºǳ¼ܱȵùģûмˣšҪġ
ǰ뿪Ц棬һЦЦ˵룬ûӣڲǰΡ
š
˵ͷºͱ֣ҲĬĬ
һֵģҲ㣬֮Ҫʱ̼סǲ˵㣬Խ޴ңӦ֪ôȥ
Զƺ˵ĻҪԽ޴ң˵׻ô
ԣһЦǰƺ˵ǰƴˣƴ߲Զ㵽ӦҲ쵽ˡ
ʱǰƺһӰԽԽҴ߶붨һȻЦ㿴˵㵽
գۼ䣬ǵӰ˶ǰЦүò
ӴΥˣΥˣ
һѵߣȧǸʣ촽ϱŸֺ±ŸòȥԴֻ
ʱע⵽ԵϴŲߣҲ֪˭ݵݼ
ŴˣǸղ·ϣ˵λĸôôȥϻ
ʱ˫־ٹͷҲ̧ͷһŻع˵񡣡
ٺ١
ʱ̧ͷһЦôɵЦȻ΢Цү
ڣڣʲô˵أ
һֳ뿴ȥϴЦ˵˿үǰĲϲ
֪֪㲻˵Ҳ֪ٺ٣
ٺЦͣҲ֪Цʲô۾Цˣվһԣôϻ⸨Ŀ
ЦǡҾʹˡ
߷ЦЦڳƣ룡
뿴˿ղٶԣǰƬƺȥˣعͷһЦˣ
á
һЦ˿Ȼϣֱ˵ӰʧƺϵЦݲ𽥵ȥֻ̾磬Ѿˣ͡

Ƭƴޱ޾һϰɹºҲˣԱһ·ϻĶ࣬ɴ֪ڽʲôʲôÿһͽܣΪˣҪ䡭Щ̫鷳ֻЩʲôӡ
֪˶ã˲ڴƬƺǰܿһƵɽ壬ɽ壬һ潣ϣƣֱָ񷣬ΧȺɽԵСˣһɽ֮ϣһơ
ɽ֮ϣȻⲢʯ̵ֻãδҲ̫ˣצۣŭɵۣһɽӰơ
ֻԶ߽һЩʱܸܵİƣ֮Ӵ󣬲ֹɣÿһƬۣɼÿһƬ֮󣬶ˣϣֱһС
վɽ£ֻβٸ߱㱻ڵסˣ˫۸ǧɸ߿֮ϣܿɽצףɽ֮ˣҲǲڡ


1821 
ٺ٣ǵˣ㿴ǰɽ壬Ǿ۲壬桭
ָԶĲɽ壬Цݣǰһξ룬˿̻δϵ壬ѾȸܵɽӰ֮ˡ
߰ɡǰȥһǰֻĪ⣬ʵǺ󣿡
ٺһЦ˵֪ǲĴҲǷ󷨣ý֣ϣ߰ٶʮķ󣬵롣Ƿ˸ơ
ԥ漴뷨棬ҲЦ˽֪˸ʲôֻǰһٿʱѾһط˴ƣɺƣӦɽ֮ˡ
ЦЦֵڣȥһ󡣡
š
ѯʣ֮߳󣬹ȻܵһɳʱλһƬ֮ϣһƬ۵ĴС൱һɵĹ㳡ˣˡ
֮ȫ󣬴ʱһǰЦڣͨ˺üɽ֮һ·ҲԵ˲ΰ
˿վۣȥɽӾ۵ףСղʱһЩΰʱҲΰС
ɣѰ֮ϱߣ͸ˣ죬ϰȹº
ǰ治Զˣ롣
һ·ϣʼЦݣϹϾȴһ˼ϲϲȴһҲѹӡҲԣ˺üϰ˰ɣ죬ԼҲˣҲӭһɡ
Ƭ̺ǰ֪⼸ãǲʱһߣǱ߶϶ѭȥֻλߣһЩͷĵӣԼһµӣֺӣ֪˵Щʲôǲˡ
ϣǱ߷£µʲôˣ
Ǳ߿ȥ֮ǰһֱЦݣʱǱЦҲһסһܿ㷴ӦЦû£û£ǵֲˣѵˣù¶ͷ˵˵ǣߣȥ
š
ճҲȥˣȥȷʵʮֺֻֻǿȥԵ䣬˵ʲôϣһӶҪ䡣
ôûˣ
üһδҲôɣѲȫˣΪ޹ڱչأҲһӭɣȻһ˶
⡭
ЦЦ˵ղͻȻ±ߣûü׼أû¶ЩգǶ
š
Ҳȥ˿˵ġǡЩˣֱȥ̨׵ذ嶼԰ɣ˵ʮָûˣֻܸоЩʲôһʱ֮䣬Ҳ˵Щʲô
롣
ӸղŽһֱǸЦǺǵģʱ׵ϣ±ߣһЩʲôˣȷʵϣȴһЩǡ
ЦЪƬ̣ȥ衭
ˣû¡
̧̧֣û뵽Ȼ˲ˮˮĵӶûУɺͳ
Ӵ˵ãأٺ٣ҡ
һ˵ţһȥʱϲˮЦò裡
š
ӹĲˮδ̫ˣôǰ˻ˣ춼ʮӣ˻ˣѲһٸӶû𣿴첻ˣЩ˶ȥˣ
ϣ㣬ܹжٵڣ
⡭룬ЩΪѵӣտ˵޹ĻšŻӰɡ
Żӣ룬ҲˣôȴӰ
⣬⡭
Դ˵ϵڵʱܹʮӣ±߻Ųϵһߡ
ã֪ˡ
ĲյʵӣƽﶼʲôôҸղʱҲˣ
⡭
룬˵ƽﶼæееڲɼ񡭡ԣԵǰû׼á
޹ء
һ̣ȷˣȻĳЩ⣬ֵҪʲô
ԵȻȥѻ
š
ȥӰüղʱһ·ϸ۲ˣʵǲɶõһأʮûвĵӽеҪˡ
ʱ㽫һյˣǻһöʯÿһʱ򣬶ҪһξѪ˻ƱһĳϨҲ˵Ѿˡ
ƣİҹӰʮ˵Ļƶ죬һ˭ĻˣǱ˵ִʱɥˣһҲûиĿܡ
˿̣СŻƣָĻʯϵһξѪģ棬ɢ˵Ĺâ
Ļƣƽͷڲ棬ʱһ˺߻谵ֻĻƣĹâҲòˣķ䣬֩һЩ̨棬Ҳ˻ҳ
˿̣Ϸһ̨ǰֻѾڷһյƣֻǻϨ˻ҳ
ʵǡϵĻƣ
ǰôˣһֱδϵĻƿһֱλãһ죬ͻȻأ˵ǲǺǡ
ҡͷЦţϵĻƣȥЩ
ʵҪδϵĻƣ
Ƿȥˡ
һɣҲǡϵӹˡ
⣬ⲻɡ
ôҲȥ
һΪѵӣЦ⵹ҲǣֻǵոǱȥˣ̫á
޷һȥɡ
£һ˳һ߽ܵһĵĸоҲ˵һָо
һ̴Ϣȼ򣬹Щ谵ֻЩ̨棬ڷһյյѾϨĻƣЩ棬Ѿ
ЩĻƣǶˣˣղΪȰҲһûʲôɻ䣬һˣĻƣҲͬ
ЦˣﶼߵĵطϵⶼѾλĻƣַˡ
ҡͷЦҪ죬ҲĻҪˣҲַⳤޣ죬˵˵Щʲôء
û£˵òûд
һڷŵĻƣҲ˵һָоֻ̾˾˼ȴû뵽֮󣬲Żⳤ
ʱﻹϵĻƣ⻰عͷȻµòܹоóһλˣһλؿˡ


1822 º
˴ӳǱ˸һҲ˵ˣȥƺࡣ
˿ҲԼ֮ǰһϣҲĳ죬ϵĻˣ񡭡֪ˣϵĻƣҲˣͺͳһĲһڣԳˡ
ʵһֱ𣿡
ʻŻع˵ţҲǡЩ꣬λݴ
ݴ
š
͵Ψһûвߣ˭Ҳ޷ΪǰλֻݴˣǱҪλ
ںδôûп

һΪѵӣ˵޷
ЦЦ˵ǻûȵжְȥˣԡԺЩ꣬һֱ
˴һתЦˣ˭˵ǲ
š
Ҳٶˣɫ֪ǷҪһ·ЦձЪţȥЩ飬ͷգ޹ˣʱʽ֮ա
á
˵ͷҲˣڲŻкܶȥ
˼գЩգйزͰ˻˵ĵ伮ף֪İ˻ˣҲַֺϺΣγĵ֮ƣнˡ
ʱĵʵһɲ䣬׻һȸҲһԼ⡣
Ĳĵ棬ʵǿһﵽδĸ߶ȣֻǲ֪˺£һֱ˥ˣһʱʮֵ㣬񣬸ǰٷϴˡ
ڣ˻ʵǿģ䳤ϱΪɲ⣬޹żλʵͬɲĳϡ
˼֮ʣȻԽԽһŮӵ
ĲأҪȥʲô
㣬Сºҿɸ㣬˲ɲˡ
ߺߣڽ£
Ҿڽ£Ҫ֪ô
ң߿
˵ԽԽ𣬽ʽ֮գô޹һ
ܿ죬ϣһˣŮӣŮӿȥòʮˣһһѩȹһѩ毺ãֻԶԶһۣһĸо߽ˣҪȥ
ŮӣˣƫƫΨǰŮӣһȫͬĸоϼгӵҲ鹬Ľģδഺãɶ鶯ɰ
һ̣ĿϣһƬ̺ѹĿתƿˣʱ뵽֮ǰ˵ģȻ֮ûʩչԼֻǿôһͲЩУȻ
ºҲϰ׷ѩȴַǸˣȻסòһ˫۾ȴϺټһ˫۾˵һָо
ϣλǣ
Цص޹˴عͷº˵ɫ
Ŷ
ºղ滹ҪʱˣȴԸӣк
޹Ǵʱк
º̧ͷ֪˵ʲôһŵǣ˵ãȻǲȴܲңǰԺ޹ֻԼ˵㡣
٣񣡡
û뵽ᵱŵ˵Ļȥɫ
ߣ
ȴºһߣͷתһԣǰϵڵʱң˭ܵҡ
ҿ͵Ҹ˹ܹܣü˭񣡡
һۣ漴ЦǺȥЦɶСһˣϵʱҲղЩɱȥ
ǾЩɰתһ룬˵ղȷʵЩ񣬵ȥ֮գȻ޹ȴֻºһˣ˵ϣӶû
ºʱһԼ˫һģôʲô
£ǰԺֻҪԲ޹ʲôҶܡ
ߺߣ
ԣºһЦȥû˵
㣬⡭
Цԣû˹ܵСˣһºֿԥһǿʵǸϵǰû˵ʲô
档
Ŷ
º죬ʱȻһüһ濴ȥ𣿿ⳳƺԡ
ˡ
濴ȥʱĵ¶ˣ粻Ѳ׼
ºȻҲʲôæ޹Ϥһ²ҳȥ
һ˵꣬ͼææȥˣûʾһ˼ǻӣ϶ʲôˣºʵôˣ

ºҲԳ񣬴ʱع˵һһǵ±ߴˣе¶е¶ܣүȥõġ
ԡ
棬ղżӣһʱĺ񣬴˿棬ǵǴˡ


1823 
ȥ
ӵºһ£ֽסɴʱѾȥˣº߳Ӱҡҡͷɣˡ
ʱڲ±ߵһ㳡ϣֻΧ˲ˣƽﲻӰȴôǹˡ
˵ˣɹһö٣ĿͷʦǵãӵĻȫԷ˲ǣ
˿Ⱥ棬ֻһʢ˵վڹ㳡룬½ϵͼ䣬Ȼˣǲˣ󣬻мˣʱҲֺؿΧЩĵӡ
Ȼ㹻ˣ
ʱȺһµӣ½ŲͼڣȻǲĳλʦֻ֣ŭȻӣֿ˿Χ˴˵ʮʦܣɢһصŭҪ߱ǣΪҪˣ
ʦ֣û£û¡
Χʮ˵ĲӣæӵµصԼСģײʦ֣ԼײģԼײġ
Ǻǡ
ȻӣЦô裬Ҫǳͷ
ð
ӺȻһˣΧʱɻԪȻָһһ顱һһ½ش˳ȥ
ۣжʱһѪӿĵУ˶Է̫࣬һģһ£ˡ
ʦ֡ʦ֣Ĳŵɫɷףæȥ鿴ơ
ǸʲôҲڱǰССȻһȥϵĳʱڸϵˣס֣
ϣϣǣǡ
ʱϳˣί۾ģֻ޳ˣȻȴһ죬ֹס˵ȥȥѦҽΣ˵֣꣬ʾ˺
漴ȥǰ棬ȻЦЦͿȻ㿴Ҫͷգ˰͹ȥΣһö١
Ȼˣ˹ߵϣǸӣҪʶ̧٣ɹ񣬽ҾҪߣһö١
⣬⡭⻰ǻٵ𣿡
Цͣͣȴ¶ЩԥӣСɽ죬¶Ҫ죬Ըȥټɣ㿴Σ
ȻɫȻһ±ñ֪ģˣ˵һ˵Ǿûиּۻ۵ʸô
⡭亹ʱһϣôˣ˭
ƽƽȴһ˵ĸоǶһķȥֻһӰ˹ϣŲߡ

Ƕһ㶣ڴ֮ǰλݴǰ˻˼λϰŵģǰλĵƺǰλݴЩһ
ʱӱҲһæתȥЦݵôˣûʲôûʲôһᴦ
㣬﷢˺£ʲôˡ
ĿһϣϴŲߣ±ߵĿ⣬ȴ̸һϢĸо
ýΧ˵˶Ϣڴ֮ǰǲû˴λĵֻΪ֮ǰݴһǹҸͷѡ
ʱºҲӺվһԣɫؿǰһС
ŶʱȻǰЦݴ
ǲ˵
ǡһ
һ
Ŀϣʵ˭
⣬⡭
վһԣ¶һΪ֮ɫȻЦ޷ү͸˭
⡭
ɫ±ߵߣȥɣһᴦܣȻ䳤ϵӣĵմӣǲ𡭡
Ŷ
ǰ˼ȻˣҲҲĵӣĵӣܴ󡭡

ʱȻͦǰָעݣΪڸ˭˵
ڸ˭˵
˫ָ󣬵صҲҲ˵Ҫעݣ˼˼
ʲôˣ
ʱ˼ĳϣǰһĻ˾һܿ㷴Ӧͷ֪ݰ٣ҵʧ
޷
˫ָĿһȻϣص̷ϺڣҰ
ҡڡ
ʱһīɫѵ˳ǰĲ̷ϼϣƽʱ˾£кЩ仯̷ϵģȥҲɣࡣ
ȻҲ޹ߣҲɷӦԺ۴
⡭
һŴԣΧոǱ˪˽Ϣ£Ҫܹȥûˣ˭ҸȻﰡ
˵
һɲǣȻ࣬ϢҲ˶һδ֪ѹȸС
ۼԽԽţһֱߣҿ͵ˡ¶͵Ϊֹɣִˣ˭á͵ˡ
ȻȻǵûаֺ£ϵ棬øʢˣĿҲͬϣЦ޷͸ǲɷõΡ
⣬⡭
㳡ϼλ϶ȥԥԭǻΪĲ֮ǰݴһڿȫһ֮ǰݴ䳤ҲǱϹϾһ˳ܹˣȻҳһڣǰλµֻҪֳ
ڲԶºҲһؿ񽥽оˣǰˣƺȷʵЩ̫һκβһ
գ̷˳˵Ҳ޹ˣ˲ߣҲʮ
Ȼ̣̾ͨͨǴϣ˵ʮȥǶҪ²ˣʮҪһȥǿֻʣˡ
ֳսŵ˼£Ȼɽȵ˭Ҷһ£
Ǻǡ
˿̣Ȼǵ£һһЦŵɷˣôĹ˵Ҫʦ˼֪ˣǲǣøǸͷЦֹ

ǼˣҲŴЦֻвˣʱһֱû˸ҶȻȻ䳤Ǳû
ߣ
Ȼһ޶ãתȥˣǰֻعͷԵһۣǼǵøղŵĻ֮ڣҪɹ֪ʲôߡ
ۼ⼸ڿȥˣҲ˿һȴʱһһɲǼ䣬ҪѸҲɱһ
˵ô


1824 
˵ô
ڳ˽ԸеһһӦæǰߣߣɨжԶԶǧһʶˡ
Ǻǡ
ձ˪Ȼתô㻹ʲô𣿡
˿˶ޱȣѲɽգҪȻϴʮԽҪ¶ˣ
̷ϣ
ڣڣ
̷ϴʱҲŻһʱ侹Щ޴룬һŷӦ˫ֽ˸ӡʱмһ½Ȼסˡ
ǸҶһ£
Ǽʱֽɲ˶࣬һʱ֮䣬Ҳ
ȻȻҲûϵԷĽסܿ侲صǽգ˭Ҷһ£
̷ϣʲô
䵭ʱ̷ĵѾˣһӣǹأƣ˾ѰǺųơ̷֮һǰ¶²˴
ʮһ٣Ҵ򣡡
һ£̷ȥȻ¶˾ɫҶһԣʦ
Ҵ򣡡
һһһ̷ĵȴŵòҶ̷ֻ֣Ͽȥ
ȵȡȵȣ
ϲ˾ɫһ߽ס̷ˣһ򲻵ã򲻵ð
Ϊδ򲻵ãҴ򣡡
򣡡
̷ĵӺһ䣬漴תͷߵ䳤ϵĵմӣ򲻵ãضꡭ
ã˵þʹãҴ򣡡
ȵȣ
ļˣһߺֹס̷ˣһסǱãǱãڻʱ򡭡Ǳã
˵꣬תͷ̷ĵӺȵʲôȥʲô
˭ߵģ
һôһô̷ĵҲˣ̷ֻϿȥ̷Ͽҽд
ͣɫ͵ˡ㿴ŵ˵ˣǵ˴ˣӮ˾ͷһˡ
ǺǺǣ
˿ȻͻȻЦĲӣҲ˸ҳ򣬶ĬĬȥ
ָȻ㿴ˣЦóﱻˣҴ򣡡
򣡡
̷ĵӺһֻعͷߵ򲻵ãҪ¡
ã˵þʹá
򲻵á
ãǲǣ
ǡǡ
Ǿ˵㣬Ҵ򣡡
Сܴ򣡡
˭ţһ򣡡
ܴ򣡡
򣡡

ڻ֮ʱȻͻȻһҽУ㳡һ°ˣΧĵӶĿɿڴš
˭˭ˣ
ʱһ̷ֻһɫŴ岻ס˵ңҡˡ
úã򣡡
һָұ̷ҲѹҪʱȻŭҴҡ
ֻֻˣæ
ֻȻ亹ΣȻղһϣ˴ͷʱߵǼӣȥˣŵôסˣղŽȴûһҳȥˡ
ʲôʮһҲ٣Ҵ򣡡
һ£ұ̷һ£ʱһƬհףӱ㳯Ȼϴȥ

һҽһסӴιˣҵḶ́ˡ

ˣˡ
ˡ
ҹһң磬ӵⴵ˽ڵϷʱɥǵ˽ʵϣôˣ
ˡˡ
һ˻ǵӣԴߵǰ˫ۿնؿˣ
ϵ˵ƽﲻ⸱ģôˣ
ôˣ
ɥŸ˵Ȼʮһ٣ֳƵģôͰ¶ˣ
Ŷ°룬ʵΣ
Σ
һ࣬ɥصȻ¶˻ˣ¶֪ˣʮÿһӣǽʵʵ䳤ϰ
Ŷ
°ͣǸղǾ仰Σ
Ρ
ϻƨһţŵˣأȫø군
ôأ
վͷУУУǻǺú룬ôɣ䳤ڴһܰ۵ĵˡ
šһ롣
ִӰ̨һöֻޱȣ̲زؽʯ֪ǿ˶ٱǰ죬ȻҪĶ˺öҲģοЩأ
ϣ㣬ЩǴӺζ
⡭
ŵĹ˵ǰ˻Ĺǲĵ֮飬Ȳ˵ġ
Ͷˡ
תŵ⣬˵ǲĵ֮飬ϵڵʱ᲻úķһ㣬ȴ˴͸ˣ𣿡
⣬⡭ʲô취
Щ꣬ǲٵ֮ɣһöҲøˡ
⡭
һתʲô⣿һöҲˣһҪǰ֮ǰȫ³
⣡
һֿɥŸСڣˣǸ֪֮Ұȥؾú¶ʱ˳𣿡

ڣڣ˵
ʱǴߣҲʱ֣أֻʵ˭
㶣ص
ָָ£ʲôط
һ£ص
һЩ˭˵㣡
һΣ˺һ˵䳤ϡ
һȥָǲҲվȴҪ䳤˵㣬ٸ˵һΣ˭˵㣡
һ£һɲ֮ȥʱһ£Ҳŵûһһſɥһٱ飬Ҳô˵֮ǰλݴĸΥ䳤ϡ
˵һ飡
תڴŵĲߣһˣֻ̫صģǲʲôݴûУ
㣬ϵڵʱҲҪ䳤ϵĻ˭˵㣡
꣬Ÿɬ˵ϵڵʱһӦܹԿǵٿΧޣĸģ˵ߵˣҪǽȻʮӣ˼Ҷ֪


1825 
ҹһ˵һ̲ס̾Ϣһֿ֪ҲرܣǲܺӲֻʱ̡о仰֪ûУӲʱʱδʱˣٺݺݸһֲ
νָ̣ľ˳ܣ˳䳤˵ʲôǾ͵ʲôô
ô첻ҲΨ踺أһĽʱ֮֡
ⲻ踺أ¹򡭡
ԣЦһԳһ㣬ڿЩʱ˻͵ѧţֻйţ˲ŲΪвֻйţܻȥֻлȥ㽫пܣڵϡ
߽һЩһһǰֻֻ̫ص֪ȥʮȴͷһɲǣѧ¹ʱ˲ܹ£һ£ͻһֱȥþˣվˡòվô˴ҡڴ˽ûһ˸ǰΪҲͰˣЩϣǵʱǲѾ̫ãˡ

֮һʱ֪˵ʲôֻǲס̾Ϣֵ֪ĵһ죬ҾͿˣϵؾûпۣӵһ죬һȥʱҾͿˣһ
˴̧ͷ˿̾ͷ˵һΣ˵ǿƣֻΪһ䳤ϣ䳤ϵΪȻɲ⣬ı󣬻иˣԼߣǿ࡭ڣ𣿽Ȼֻ´˻ԴΪɣǲԵ
֮ĬȻһſں
ڣڣ˵̧ͷ֪ԷҪʲô
ͻȻʵô
£¡ʶĻشɵԷʱĿڵ¡£
£ǲ¡
⡭
ԥ˰ΣҡͷЦϣвˡ
¾Ͷˣ˻ţһˣͲˡ

㶵ؿէһƺô£ܾ仰ֵֹģŽ˯}ûš
ȥɣ֮£д㣬ٶԡֻص˵֮ϣ̨滹һҪĿ
˿һտڵҲŵˣҲЩȥϢѾˡ
š
˵ͷûٶԣһȥˣ紵˽˫üôоϵһ̯ӸԼ

ͬʱЩ˵ı䣬һˣֻŲһֳɽѹȸУڴʱҵߣͷҶԡ
Ȼ˿ߣ棬ѿɫҪѿжѿ
ڡô죿
ã˲СڣȻһ£˻ˣ¶֪ˣĲҪһ
ˣĻϣűͬĸϣЩʱţӶԴ䳤ȴһ䳤Ҫģ
κΣЩɳȥˣҲߣ˻а˻˵ĹأʵǿҲأҪ²ҪΪĿܣͱ뽫һ
˺һˣÿ湻ʱ꣬ߣٴ
ŴԣߵĻ϶ĬȻȻҲǳ꣬ǰ˴Ų߻ذ˻ˣһȻʮ꣬²δᣬֻһڱᱻ䳤ϸ̵Ӵ˳Ϊܡ
Ե꣬ˣ⼸ʮ꣬ò𲽲ʳҲ²Ųذ˻ˡ
һұߵĻϵʱʮ꣬²ŻȻѳɣȻŲ߻ǴȻǴ˻˿
ߡ
䳤һߣȷʵܲһ㣬취ڷ
⡭
ԣߵĻϾһ㶣˺Ƭ̣ߵĻϲſڵ֪ǲܵġժ
䳤ȻһұߵĻֵǽΣ
һ̣䳤µøӺˣȻҪһɫҲ˵ȥ죬ȥжϲؽһ
⡭
ԣλϾһһ˵жϲؽ˵һˣҲûкôǡ
ô˵ôȥ
䳤䣬飬ΣȥмܹпҵҪĲûͷۡ


1826 
ȥ˼죬飬ʱǵӻǳϣЩ㷲ڲϣҲʱǦ֣һֳѹֵĸо
һգڵϷȻ֮䣬洫һ𵴣ֻҡΣܿͱüΪң嶼ҪƵġ
ô£
ңѰ˹壬߰ٶʮ󷨣䳤ҲǾֻһֿܣɽµ˶ֽˡ
֮ǰʱע⵽ˣʮر𣬵صµҲʮ⣬ڵѪֲһһֱʣ˥Сһʯ̮ˣֻ壬Ҫһ˲ҷ
¡¡
ԽԽңǶŵòֻʧ룬޹ʱºԸܵõǱߴǿ𵴡
塭ˡ
ʱºѸ棬Ǳ߷ȥֻ嶥ܲ˵Ĺ졣
ôҪȥ
ʱ߳һ޹ĳϣʱҲŲǱߣ飬ȴԵʮƽصһͳײ䣬ģһǷȰһ䣬ԶһЩõʱʧ꼰㡭
Ҫȥ
ºû˵һ˵꣬˸ʱһ⣬Ǳ߷ȥˡ
ȥȥɡ
ӿʧӰصһҪһô


ϣѸȥ棬ҲҴææϹϲ˾֮ɫ
ϣһŻعæ˵Ȼȥ
㴦ʲô֪𣡡
ԶλϿȥˣԶÿһ󣡲¿ɽ
Ǽλĺκ˿󣬲£ɽ
λϵص壬þòϢصľԭȥˣͣ
̶Ƭ̼䣬Щ棬ͻȻӿǿһɲǱ㽫ΧһУ˷ɻҡ
⡭⣡
һĻԭЩȥĵӣŵȥղžͲһ㣬Ҫûгϵľ棬Ѿҷˡ
ô¡
λڿУһĻҲˣ棬˻Եӿ
ڲǰҲסˣ㶵ؿô֪
ҵȻ֪
һ̣ͳָάˣԶ󷨡죬ĵطͨͨԶ룡
ǡأ
ϾɫڣҲпһۣ˵Ҫȥ޸Ѻۣ±ߵжˣ޸ϡ
ȵȣ̫Σˡ
һ½סˣ̫Σˣ㲻ȥȥǲ㲻ܳ¡
ˣ˭ô
һۣңڲ˭ܳܵס֣£һ˦֣һâ˳ʯȥ

ɣ
ȥǲĵӣǳϣһ̶˳ȴ޷ȥ̫ǿܲסвԪҲҪҷ
̫ˡϾɫδʱһӰԣأ
عº˵ɽ⣬ղȥˡ
ȫ
ºɽӿȥҵʱ˳ʯ񣬲¶ȥԽ£Խ쳣
Сģ
һĶź۾Ҳգһ£ȥ
ʱɽµԽԽǿźɲʩչ˼£һ߶Χӿһ˳ʯ񣬲ɽ¶ȥ
ʹۣҲС֮۵ǹ룬򷨲֣ҲѱᱻԵˡ
ܿ죬Ѿɽˣ̼ǵõɱžڵˣ˥ߣʱδ޸ģʱҲֻܹ޸ڵѺۡ
ڣжˣֻȥ޸Ȼ˵ԶǿڵֻǱʱжϣǾö֮ԼѵģҪ޸ֻ࣬⸽ӿЩΣհˡ
ڣɽ£ҵжϵĵط˴һЩܹǿж֮ԷΪ̫֮õķҲ򵥡
⸽ӿͣҵģҵǺˮ棬ºѵһ꣬ʹܹЩΣա
˿ֻ̣٣һ̧һǿķӿͬʱٵ⸽ӿǿ˷޸
Լһڱ޸ˣ壬ֹͣ𵴣ƻʯɽϣûܵˡ
˻Ŵ˴Ե޹ʱжϣҲû˭ǸӸƻ˥ˣҲǲ˾ҿӡ
ֻһˣ䳤ϣһε飬Ȼԣ䣬Ҫһˣƻֻһͷ
ʱɽϣ˼ֹͣˣ˿ɹˣɹˡ
ϣתΪϲҲ˿ɾڸջʱ㳡棬ȴִһǵµЩ£Ǹ˵ԣԼʲôˣ𣿡
˭ʲôˣ
ڳλϾһҲȫٳһϢϵǸղ˳ҽˡ


1827 
ֻ㳡棬ӰһˣǸµӣϴż֮ɫ
Σ޹
в˾һǰ˻ˣʮ֮Σ޹Σ࣬ˣѵΪǰЩգȻһ£
Ȼ⼸ƽ˾ԽƽʱͻԽңʱԱߣһΪϢز¶ҲǷ֮
ˡ
Ѿȫɫģ˶ãƫƫΣ࣬ˡǿɲһˣǶʮΣ޹ĹҲʵΣ޹ǿģݣȴºһ
Ȼº޹ͬΪʮ޹ĹɶʮޣҲ˵ÿһ޵ʵ޴⹬ݣҲͬ⣬Ȼڰ˻ΣԶº˽ǰֻҪִˡ
ºʱҲǳΣж˵Ϊжڰ˻жָһͷ¹˵±߾û˸˵¹
˿̣תΪϲĲӣûüʱΣ޹ǹϢϢ󣬸һֲΣÿǰһǶʶһ
Σ޹ôԶˡ
ǿһЦǰȥǳԷΪζҪסЩӣֻܰȥ˴򣬶Էøˣˣǽ¶ҲȥˣЩǿأȴù
þò
Σ࿴ŴʱһЦôϵЦ˿﷢š
˫֣ЦǺþòΣ޹ôͻȻǲˣ
Σ࿴˿ĲӣһվŲҲԼ˵˵ضǻƽ𣬿ΪʲôҿЩ̫񡭡
⣬⡭
ЦܱضǻƽΣ޹ˣˡ
ô
Σֿ˿ΧĵӣعͷֿЦûˣһĸС˵Σ޹˵죬ǸᣬΪңȻ
ס
Σֹ̧̧֣ס˵ȥµأҡ
ǰһ̻Цݣһ˵ͱ䣬˵ʱһ˪ʹʮԶܸܵ͸ɺ
亹ֱЦ¶ȥˣȥˣվͻ
˭˵ҹջⲻ𡣡ʱԶһȴˡ
ʱ㳡һ±øӽӲˣҲɫ
֣ߵΣǰϣǸղʲôҿĵõͦ˵ġ
Զԡͦ˵ġ
һЦ˵Σ޹أ˵ǲضǻƽ⣬Ҷ˼ˡ
ء
Σ࣬˵
ң˵ЦΣ޹أء
亹꣬ȴҪǿмЦããҪҸ׼׼Σ޹һ۳Ըȸƣɶ¶Ͷûˣ˵ǲ
¡
ĿһΣϣȻߣûܹʱɫҲ˺µġ
ƣʱһסʹãʹãǶʮޡ
¡
һ̣ЩˣôЩδϸܵ˺µϢһʱЩʶɿ֡
Σ߽˼ˣ˵֪±ߵŪġ
ΣЦЦƾ޾ݵģɲ˵
á
Ҳ˵ϻˣֱӵ˵ҷ㵽ס
ǺǡĪҪᣬҽտɲҲģֻǼƺ±ߵĵӣЩ̫ء
ΣϴЦһ˵ţһΧĲӿȥĿϣЦŵ̽㣬Ժʲôᣬ·ϡ

ΣղôһĲӣ˵ĺ£ԷݣΪǸе²ѡ

ʱΣͻȻһȣһ㣬ʱŵøĵһڴ˿̫徳Ϣ£˸̲סҪſڵˡ
һ̣ߵɫͻȻü£صѵ֪ʮ޹Ҫ𣡻ҹ£
ף˵ǳܲסˣڳһЩϣӾ磬ɫɷײѡ

ǲѣֻȥȻеʵڳܲסϢѹˣͨһΣȥ
£
̫徳ٴһȣµΪϢ£һأһҲڱˣһһȥ
ǡǡ
ôӹڵϣºһ´סˣ˭˵˶ʮ޹Ҫ¹ģûû˵Ҫ¹򰡣
Ǻǡ
Σ൭һЦĿϣ˵ʲôţǲضǻƽûдɣҪȻǹڵʲô
˿㳡ĵӣŵòѣΣֱָ࣬죬һŭˣŭˣȺˣ䲻ңŭ䲻

֣ŭҲһ·Ѿжˡ
Σ൭һЦûһԿ
ǡǶͻȻ䣬º˳ץŵϵĵӣʹȴ
򣡡
㣡㣡㣡վûУվ
Ƕ򣡡
ºЩˣһһֹȥˣģ۾ˮϵĲôΪʲôˣ̫ǿԼԼѾˡԭ˵ģһȥˣҲˡ
򡭡º˻ߣȴˣڵϣ˫ֱȣ
Ǻǣڣ㿴ѧ˵˵˭˵㡭
Σ߽ЩʼմЦݣһһ㲻ΪֻҪߣǲ˰ɣ㲻Ϊвʵ䳤Ͽɡʡʡɡ֣Ĳ棬¡
һɲǣԪһۣ·ȫһ˲䣬ƣһƣƲɵسΣȥ
Сģ
̫徳߾ԣɳ֮ʱѾˣ顱һһشΣؿϡ
ۡΣʱһѪһ󵹷˳ȥûκһ˿֮
һĻг϶ˣΣ޹̫徳Ϊһ㷴֮ҲûСһ£ֻǽϹۣȫϣ
ˡ
˸ǴľǻѾһֻվԭأһҲ
㣡
̫徳־ŭ˵һ㳯ٶȣǺˮѵһ֮ʵ̫ˣδȫԪ˲ָָʱýâҫۣħָһ˲ɣ˽δ壬ѱס˺á

ħָסȻ̫徳ΪһҲްֻҪһ˲ҷ


1828 Ұ֮
һĻڳĿɿڴֻһΪԶԶǵ󣬸𾪵ǣ⼸ʮǴΥ䳤ϣ֮ǰλݴͬǶ˱ϹϾڡ

̫徳߱ħָź޷ѾʱҲԭأ֪ǺãɱˣҲ֪ʲôˡ
ȡȿȡ
Σ౻ղһ˵üأʱǿվҪʱָһһɽ˹ȥ͡һʱѪɽһΣඤ˹㳡һʯ档
⡭⡭
ǱȾʯ˵Ǹ񣬱ǲļλϣҲʧ˻һֻо֮ɫ
ºҲȫû뵽̼ǵһοʱ˵ԷʼղЦҲºͺ͵ģʱԷɱһĲȫˡ
㡭㡭
̫徳Ҳڲ˾֮ɫʱܹظܵԷɿµɱδܵĺ䡣
һɲǣ׹˵Ԩһ·ѾԼˣڶԷɣԷҪɱκιǡ
ͻȻָһһɺµɱʱ㳡ڳˣס˺֪ǻþΣǾԼԼһ˿˿ɫϢѵʵɱ
û˸ܹصɱڻعһ³ȥ֣ɱãɱãϢŭɱãɱð
ȻƽﲻͲζɱϾΣ̫Ű˻˶ʮ֮һɱˣ¼ʣȫıˣǴ˰˻˵Ľɡ

ܴʱţ̫徳ߣϢѣȻ˿ɣԷҪɱô˻˵ĽҲ
ʱɱӣŵɫ
ˣˣҲԶֲҰô
䣬һһ˵ţ߲ϵͷˣˡ
ڸң˭˵㡭
˵㡭
ҿǳڲһΣǳ׻ҷ𡭡
һ½˳ȥĿ֣һ̣ǴһҲҶ˱ʯϵΣһۣȥԶˡ
شţ㳡ͻȻ˶˵ˣҲ˵ˣһһ˻ȥûκˣǹš

һһӵվˣתȥӰڳĵӣжˮ

ҹһбңҶϷɳɳ죬ҹĲ˾ףû˰ǹ˺µɱ
ʱڲڵײһĻڻ޷ԶǵһĻ
ĲһɢɳԲߵߣɢɢ޹ʵôǿȴֻܱ˭Ը⣬ȥ⡣
ɳɳ
һżƬҶ˽ֻ˽ȴ˵ֻǵͷվ±ߣҲ֪ʲô
˺һȿڣҴˣôϣûл˵𣿡
ʱŻعЦЦˣʹ£
š
˵ͷֵ˻ʲô£һ˵ţôͷϣġ
ԣֿЦ⻰˵ãЩ£ʵҲֻһΣ䳤Ǳߡ
ôһۣ˵Ҫң¹ˣ

ҡ֣Ҳ¹ˣվȥ˵Ҹ㽲°ɡ
˵š
š
˵ͷҳڷһСҼǵʱиΪʣ˶иӣСһϲ۸ˣʮ˴ĺӣϲڱϣҲϲб˸¿ͷǶԲòһ죬ңôţ
˴룬ʵǡ
ŵҲ£ҪͷûͳһƣȻתЦҫ֮ʱһʯͷݺݳԴȥ
⡭
һ£ʵǺأˣ
ұһȺ˰ڵϴ򣬴ȫˣﶼһأ°֪˴ˣ˵ԼץҰСˤŵģС˵ԺһΣҪһΡ
⡭
룬ʵȻһΣ͡

˵һΣͳңÿһΣҶƴһΣҲҧ۾ڵһΣˣԺңҪûˣߡ
֮˳˼ٸ㽲һ°ɣܾǰиׯĳһ죬ǿǿֻ̽Ͼ˶࣬Ҳй˼ɣɺǷ֣࣬ȴһµöǣֽǿ˸ǿ޼ɵڼ˵ĴɱӶᡭ
⡭
أȫˣǵģûû취ŵǿ⣬ǣһѪԣǳȥҧһǿĶ䣬ʣµǿҲɵ
ûֻҪضѪ˶ǣǻţûУֻ֪һˣǲҷǵ֣ū
˵꣬򴰱ȥŴҹɫ˵ɽҰޣȺǿͬ鱻Ұ˺ҧҲȥͬ飬ܶԷжǿ󡭡һֶǿͬ鱻Ұ˺ҧʳǻ޶ԣǣԱеسԲݣҲţͷҰ޽ԱˣͲԼˡ
ת˵Щʱ˻ţ͵һҰ֮ģ»Ѫ
ˡ
Ŵҹɫ૵ǰһֱΪڱңԭҴˣÿһֻôߡ
һϵ£˵Щգ޹ˣټɣЩ뿪ˣٻɢ̫ãʱòһˡ
ã£ұضյķԸȥ
š
˵ͷһֵ⣬հ±޸ʱҷ֣ؽ֮ƺЩԡ
ʲô⣿һڲôöû⣬ô⣿
ڼǧǰʱѾ˰жֽš
ʲô
һôܣĵغĵԵˣڼǧǰϢֽţ˭ô£
ܡǣȻ䣬뵽ʲôǧǰˣյĲ䶦ʢǳĵ֮ҲΪȻǴӼǧǰʼǸʱʼ⼸ǧ˥ˡ
˽˵һֱ˸׸֪һЩȻĸӦûδô񣬵ȷʵӦһ˿쳣ֻһţȷһɲǣǴֻ˵ǧû˷֣˵ֶΣʮָ


1829 
棬һ̣ҹɫҲǱùоɫ¶ȥȴƽֻ࣬ҹȻȥɣڸղ˵ģʱ֪ȹЩգһȥ鿴һ¡
ãáʱŻع˵ʲôȴֹһȥˡ
תŴҹɫȻ̫Ű˻ˣû֮ǰô򵥣ղŹ飬֮ԸΪΣˣʱؾΪá
£Ҫǰ鷳Կ뽫⼸ǧȻ˥࣬ɱϾ̫Ű˻ˣ֮ǿܱȣҲ⼸
ҹɫŨʱΣ
ʱħϣʣ죬ߵһ£Ҳĵط
ħ棬һ̶ƽ塱̶֮Уʱʱ̶ˮ̽ͷ档
ˡˡ
ʱǺɫ̶ˮ£ðֻһ¹£ֻһɫԴ˳ˮ
棬ӰСʱ棬վһӰġ
塭
֣ᴥͷƬΨһɫۣԭϹʱڣŶһͷԣϧǴλʧܣ٣ҲȻʧܣھλʧܺԻ꣬Ѿ˥ˡ
һħڣһλʧܵʱʱһˣ¹ȥҲܽԻշ
ȥʮ꣬ˮ̶£Ϲ۳ֻϧҲ޷ˡ
壬ôˣ
ʱƺоЩֻħԵƬҹգϷء֮дһһɺɫħ֮ʱϵƬ͸˳
壬㷢ʲôˣ
ʱ뱾ʵ̫ʶҲԶԶԲδ岻Ե޹ˣܵʲô
ôˣ
ʱѸһӰǻδ룬תȥӦʲô
𡭡
ʱȻħԵķĿ¶׹⣬ϷͳδǰȥḧϵƬ壬ôˣ㿴ʲôˣ
Ǹƺѵ
һȻ޷Ӧǰǰ棬ƺûбʲôܹעĵطˡ
ƺ
֣δҲһ±Դϴ˺¸Ժƺû춯ٴˣЩ꣬ÿһʱ䣬歶˼ӹһ󷨣ѵƺֳ
һƽΧֱðˣֻз紵£
𡪡
巢һһڣͨһ˺ˮ̶棬κ
һδҲĿƺǱ߷˻ȥΣʱڰ˻ˣ𣿡
ڰ˻˵飬˻δ룬δˣȻԿӶĸӦһ̣Է㷢ֻһȥ˺δӲûѯʡ
ô˵ǲǣ̫˳δòʵ
ûС
ҡҡͷ˿ڰ˻Ľıһϵ£˵һж˳޹ļλ飬Ҳڷܡ
Ǿͺá
δһЦ¹ϣҲʶô꣬Էһ˵ѣͿóǴ˿̣
δ롭
֣ģֻб¹⡣
ȥգ⼸죬̫Ű˻ﲢƽͷһȻʮֻǼëƤС¡Ȼ䳤ϵ״ӣڰ˻ȴûʲôݿԣΣȴһˣΣǰ˻˶ʮ֮һֽˣ飬Ȼ˲С粨
˻ˣ£ڶĲǺηʥǰ˻ۣ˻棬һЩ˻Ľ
ϾΣǶʮ֮һǲˣˣҪ֮ˡ
Ĳһʲôˣ
ʱȸĳֻһλµⲽ߽һӣ벻ôˣΪֻ̫صû˰ߴ
ٰˡ
˿ߺͽӣǱˣȻϴȥںԨѰʱ;׻֮ˣԭˣȴ̫Ű˻ȸ޹ˡ
Ľٰ޹¹µӣԱߣ޹̫һϡ
ȻһڴԨۣ޹
˿̣Ľٰ˽䲻粻֣֣ƫƫʱ֣òֻ̫ص˰ɣ
ٰúԣ
̫һһۣʶ⿴˿˾Ҫǰ⻰ˣҴȥָҪʲôӡ

Ҿ˵˵ôʲô
Ľٰǲӣֵ˵ˣֻ̫ص˭ߣǲֻ̫ص
죡㻹˵ǲǣ
̫һϼҲͰˣص˻˻ˣֵһۣѹߣطֻ̫صЩߵģǲഫ˭Ҳ޷⿪طߵˣȻд
ҡ
Ľٰһۣĵ˵ףԼЩ²濴㶼תϰˡ
һΣ̫һϵǲˣüһ͸䳤϶Կʵ֮ǿȷʵʮֲѰ浽ѡһˡ
ĽٰʲôأɶɣǶ췭ظԽԽáͿЩ˲ˬˡ
飬ûô򵥣ղ˵òߣ粻֣֣ΪƫƫҪʱ֣

⼸ְȥ鿴˲帽ȴҲӦ쳣ˣȷǴܿڼǧǰͱ˰ֽţʹˣһֱʧ
ЩҲһֱЩ㷲һ뵽飬뵽ϣ˵ܲڼǧǰͱֽţ⼸ǧȻȻ
ԽԽеԲǿѨ磬λÿһˣʵ̫Σһλ᲻ᡭˣ
ϣôˣ겻ֳ߽ʲô
һ·ͷ˵£ûע⵽Ѿߵˡ
ӵһȥϣԽԽˣϰһЩİ֮㿴ҪҪ㡭
û£û¡
æյ˵ͷҲգãм¡
ңҲм¡
Ŷ
˵ʲô¡


1830 
תͷ⿴˿תͷС˵ʮ壬˻и飬ʱĵ˶ҪȥԵ㣬ҲҪȥ
ŶǺ°
ʲô°
üͷһšߣѹ˻ڴ඼䳤һɵˣţϴε飬롭
š֪
ҶƮƮ˵˵ϴε飬һ˵˵ˣǷҲȣΪ·ϣҳֽѵһ£Σ
⡭
һ˵ô˵ɵʱڰ˻ĵϣ˶࣬µһˣмܲס䳤һɵˣʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ã֪ˡ
䳤ЩˣʲôƲ磬ҲʲôӣһΣ޷ڰ˻㣬ʵȥˣ죬ħЩ˻ôа塣
һһüӣƺһ£ʵôˣϿǻб£
⡭ȷʵм飬ϸʱҲûü˵
һΪѣÿڵӣ˿˵к£˵޷
ġ
һ˴ǣſ˵ÿһ˰˻֮󣬶ڰ֮ڣһţӣѪģͶʦţñʦţΪˣ˾УҪͨ˻˲ɸѡͨ棬ѡһˡ
˵ã˼˵˼һڰ˻ˣԺ£ɴ˽β֮λ𣿡
ǣ
ͷǰ˻˵ĹأֻǲҲˡ
˴ͣͣһֽŵһȥ˻ĵλ˻ĳϣȻ̸£Ҫ㾡һˣǡһΣ˻Ҳ쿪ʼˣ˻ϵ󣬺˵
Ŷ
΢΢һһˣɰ˻ѡôоûô򵥣ʵϵأô˵ĻҲӦһڰ˻ˣôûп
⡭
һʣʱ·ϣѾˣɴʱ¶Щ֮ɫ죬˵޷˵˵ô£λԭǲ˵ˣںδ

̾ҡҡͷϵȷʵһλˣǾϵ뿪֮󣬵İ˻ϣλˡһΪԷˡ
ʲô
üһһΪԷˣΪˣ³
˵ɡ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷˣղţ˵ʲôҪ˵ţ
ôһҪ˵ʲôˡ
⡣
ͷڨڨһЦǵȵˣ˵Ҳ٣ˣҰŵ飬Ҷźˣ޹ˣձ㵽
šЩˣ
޵ĹֻºĹûЩӦڱչɣ
Ц޹ǧľλ϶޹ػҲ޹⼸޵ĹڱչΪͻƹؼڣ޷ֻùȨλߵĳ㿴ûɣ
šû⡣
˵ͷڱչȷʵ˴ţչҲκ˴š
Ǿͺá
ЦЦ֮ǰ᲻ˣ¿λҲ£˵¾ˣ֮ǰ޹ĳ϶ᵽ롣

ڶ죬磬Ȼ޹ĳ϶ˣ޹ĳϣиĵӡ֮ҲˣʹԭĲһֳ֮󣬼ʹǧˣҲɵ¡
޹ǧľλϣ֮ǰʱ˵Ȼһһ±ܵˣλϵΪȷʵɲ⣬궴֮Ҳ޷ԷΪΪȻʥһ֮¡
޹ûйֻǧľλλȨصĳϣƽǧϱȽ˲ЦһǶеһɽŲľϿȥº࣬ʱЦõϲ
ڿ޹ػϣһΪͬɲ⣬ص޹³ϣ޹β޹޹λϾǼߵΪʹ̫徳λҲǿˡ
Ǽʶˣ̫Ű˻̣˥ˣҲЩɱȣֲôʼֻܹ̫صͥ
ٲǰܹһҲһܱȡ
ֻϧЩ޷ɢΪѹ֮£ҲֻܱʵʹģȻһҲʵ֮ǿӲС
˿ڵ֮ϣΪȻвǣһ˼ʹλãҲƣԵòײ࣬ΪЦ
Щ죬ȻȻϣ˿ֻҪһ±ߵʱܹܵõ
޹ĳϷߵϣмӣӣڵ⣬ŵ֮ϣλĲ
ʱ򣬱˵޹ˣǲĵӣ֪Ǻ֪
֮ǰʱ򣬸˻룬λһˣһ͸䳤϶Կյ˲ϣܵһŭǺ󣬸Ҳˡ
λϣؾ񡣡
ʱ±λ϶˵ֵ̧̧֣̼ǵãϵŲ߽ʱ˵һ仰λϿ֪ϵ˵Ǿ仰ʲô
ԣ±߼λ϶˴˶һм˲֮ϿȥǾ仰ʲô
ϵ˵ޣΪһ壬ǡصġβκһټ֮Ϊ
Ȼóʱ⣬˶ˣ˵֪Щףʹдңûţ񣬲ѹλ;κˣҲһһ֮أ


1831 
˿̣г±߶ɫضЩ꣬ģ涼ǳ
ʱڴ棬ҲָЩǳ̫࣬޹ĵӻһЩɲϵĵӣ˴磬ǶҪһ£֪Щιġ
ڵ֮ϣ·ˣȻҲǳ˵ٶ࣬óЩ֤ԼʵҲֻᵱǿ̸˵컨׹
һֱ֮ʱеİ˻˻飬ʱ򣬶ľϣػϣ¹˵˴º˸񣺡޹
ŶŶ޹漴Ŀڣ˵ʱ޹ػϣľϣλͬȥɡ
á
ػϺͶľͬʱӦºԲ˵ˣȻ֣ǵʱһȥˡ
޹Ͼۻᣬ⣬һ²ãתҲ쵽ˡ
˼գеİ˻˻黹죬չڲ淭ʱòЩɫǲи
ʱȻ߽һӰרĿΪˣ˵ϣãҸոտ
˴Ȼŵһĵ̧ͷһվ̨ǰģº

ºż⣬˿ʵ㿴ʲôأôԡ
޹ôˣ
ºһЦ޹ȥߣ˳·壬͹
šԭˡ
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аа
º漴ߵ˵ôã壬϶ΧܶطϤɣҴȥ
šû£Ͼ֮ʱȥϤͲͷ޹ˡ
º˴ˣүһͷӣ֪ﾰɫãҹ䣬ҴȥأҿϤˣ˲壬һ֪öطǲĵط
š
룬ȥЩطܹҵ˵Ҳã޹á
ºʱüЦ߰ɣЩ߰飬Ȼͷү
ǣ޹
ôˣ
š
ָָӵ˵㿴Щһ£һ࡭
ǡǵ㣬أ
ºؿôɶʱ갡ˣʱ춼ˣᣬҪϺԼȥɣ⣬̫ðɣʶһҲúߡ
޹ôˣ
Īһʱ֪ģҲͻȻӿ죬ºȫЦݣûû£ãңҰЩɡ
ţǾ͹ˡ
Ӧõģ̫ˡ
ºæҡ֣˵ͷתȥºһ£ֺȥﰡ
ͣ˽ŲתղŲ˵⸽кöطҲϤȥϣȥ

ºһ´סˣͷţЩҪϻһҪͷ޹ҪϸҪŪˡ˵꣬תȥˡ
ǣ㣬㡭㡭Ǹңҡι߰ȵȡº߳Ӱ˺ð죬һţʲôʲô
˵꣬ӵ˫һ壬ཱུѵһûһͷˣô飬ҵʲôʱ򰡣ء

ˡ
š
ɽ帽˿˵ϣȥܹҳ
⡭
ɽ¿˿鲼أ˵Ѫһڣ࣬ĿȥѰҵĻǴ룬ҵʲôʱ
תһ룬Ҳûа취飬ϵ̫ʱ˹ҲֻȥѰңܷҵǾֻܿ찲ˡ
ʱȥ棬·ϸѰǧһ֧ϣȥǱߣϷ򡣡
á˵ͷֻعͷǵһЩˣǻûȥ׼հ˻˻һ£Ҫ̫Զ
š
˵ͷ˱㼴ֿߣֿ֮һ·УٶȺܿ죬ţƺҲ˸ղ˵ĲҪ̫Զ
һֱĺɫʱѾ֪ΧЩ谵ɽʯᾣЩ˵Ĺɭɭ
ɽͽǰǰ治֪ʲôطԽǰߣԽܹܵһ˵䡣
ԽԽˣһ˿ϦͣҲҪڰûˣƺȫĻʱδͣ½Ųһֱǰɽȥ
ɽʱһɳǵĺ䣬ʱϮȫ˸ɺ⡭
ǰ澹һԨ̫ҲղµһطʲôطΪδԼ˵
ԽԨɺԽ˲һĸоǰ澿ʲôطΪθһѹֵĸоµĸоʲô
ɫԽԽˣڰҰޣһһ㣬ɣס˺̧ͷϿ˿ͻȻĻѾˣԼǲǸûȥˣ
ǣҵһֵĵطʱЩǰǾʲôطһֲĸо
ĽŲǲһǰȥԽǰԽܹԼ
ˡˡ
ң֪Ѿһ亹ǸǰһʮΣյĵطټǰˣǴ˿̣̲סеĺ棬Ҫȥ﾿ʲôط

ʱȻľ˾֮Уһعͷȥʲô
ôˣ
֮ɫԴ˲δ˾ֲӣʹ䣬ΣϮҲʱ־ֵӣʵôʲôطΪûи߹ң棬һԨ
Ժٸ㣬ˣ뿪
亹һ˵֣꣬ȥһɲǣһ˿ͣҲȥˣ磬ͻȻһƬڰ
ɷɷɷ
ʱһϢȻԨӹֻеһëȻȫëָһһʱߣ»ξĹâʹΧһЩ
ˣˡ
Ͼ״֮ʱԨ֮£ȻһЦǺǺǡ


1832 ڵ֮Ԩ
ߣ
Ҳ룬ȥɴʱһϮγһ֮˵ȥ·ˡ
ߣ
ۼǰ·裬һȥͬûܹܳȥһϮ˶˵ȥ·
ˡ
һļҪţʱǿ˫ֲסӡһȣǰһ±ȥˡ
ߣ
ƿǰһٴȥһΣԨ֮£ȻһǿĻϢӿͬʱŵģһɷɷ֮ưٹХҹ˲
⡭ڵˡ
ɫһ䣬ԣ˵ʲôڵۡһʱЩԨµĴڣԲ򵥡
ǺǺǡ
ʱԨ棬ִ˹Цƺǵãܶǰĳλ˵Σ῿ǲû
ŵɫɷףæ˵ڵգλã֪һУ⣬δ˵ط
ŶһôҲ˵һˡǺǺǡ
Ԩ棬ϴЦ仰ȴɵһҲ˵һˡ仰·ڰʾʲôѵԷ֪ʲô
Ǻǡ
ʱִ˺ڵ۵֪Ҳã֪ҲգܷǾͿǵˡ
£һɷɷ֮Ԩ´ǰٹҹУ˾ӿ
⡭
ɫһ䣬һ˲䣬˫ֲסӡҲдʣ⣬ʱһȣ⼤ȥʱɿ磬Ƿʱֵסˡ
վһԣϣԭҲ˸ߵΪƽҪԸԨ³ˣЩ
ߣһ߽Ž󷨣һ˵
ߣô
Ԩ治ϳˣʱҲٶԥָһʱһХ콣Ӱصնȥ
һֱҹ֮ʱ£¹Ҳ޷յԨΧԽԽˣն֮⸽Ҳڵ۲˼磬޷ƿȥ
ɷɷɷ
ֲԽԽ࣬·ˣȥؽԨû
ΧԽԽأ֪Ѿӽʱˣһʱ̣ʱ棬һ֮ʱʱֻ˷ǵﲻɣУ취ﵽ֮ǰ뿪
˼⼰ˣָֻһٻһɲǣ֮𣬰֮ģһɫӰһǲ֮
Ŷ
ʱԨִ˺ڵ۵ģһɫĻӡֱ˶
ģ
ɫ䣬ڵ۵һǵУȻֻʮ֮һҲܵ
˺󣡡
ת˲֮䣬һɫӡѳ˴һ죬ȥͬʱһƴ֮ʱ쳹Ԩ䡱һײʱɽѣ˽ԱɢˣҲòȥ

һ˲ǰסʹ۵ֵʱҲѪӿֹȻȫˣû۵Ļֻ¸ղһ£Ѿ顣
Ϥ
ʱִ˺ڵ۵һ̣һ죬ץļ򣬴ȥղΧĻѾˡ
ԼѾԶԶԨʱǧ¹ҫ֮£޸ղɭɭĸоˡ

ͻȻ䣬ɫһףֻвڵղڵһӡϣʹۣҲ˲ˡ

δǰס
û¡
תǿȶϢȥʵղţʲôطΪڲؽһط
⡭
뵽ղԨһĻЩ£ò̧ͷ˵֮ǰһֱû˵ԨΪڵ֮ԨղģǺڵۡ
ڵۣ
һڵǴδ˵ղܹоԷʵ֮ǿֻԪ񣬿ôǿǰ¡ЩˣͬһʱǿߣֻЩˣܹΪǿߣΪλؽ磬Ҫ֪ˡ
룬˵⡭ڵһֱǴʲôʱʼ⡭Ҫʳˣںڵ۵Ǵֻ֪֪ڵ֮ԨǾԲȥģܰ컹ϣȥ
˵ʱԻЩ£һ̧ͷ֮ǰ˸˵Ǻڵ֮ԨڣʱҲ׷һΣá
ô
Ŀ΢ڵۣʼոо򵥣֮ǰԷһ仰һôҲ˵һˡ
仰ڰʾʲô֮ԨǰȥȥѰ쳣ڣ֮ʱƺ֣һ˿쳣Ԩȥˡ
֮Ժڵ֮Ԩȥˣ˵ڵѾãӲǵˣֻҪǵ˲ȥҲǲȥѱнĺ
š֪ˣȻȥɡ
ǵղš𣿡
ûУ߰ɡ
ֱҹ֮ʱ˲Żص壬ʱţڸղźڵһ£ǲ˵ȥܸоҲȥһΡ
صϣߵ棬ֻºȻſ˯ˣﻹż
ϣ㸡ϢҲ˯ʱӣҲ˲ȥѡ
޹ѡ
˭˭
ҡ
ʲôʱģҡô˯ˡ
ºһʱЩȻ𰣬ǰ죬ÿÿԼһЩҲῴſű˯š
ҹ޹Ȼȥɡ
ŶŶţԡȥˣôôҹŻţȵȣϢң𣿡
ºʲôԣʱ¶һĽ֮ɫûУһ·ߵüЩѡ
𡭡ǲǣˣ
ԷһŵӣҡҡͷûСһ˵ţһȥ
ǡǺðɡ
ºЩɫʲʲôȻȥˣ죬ǰ˻˻飬գúϢһ£ЩѾˡ
ţȥɡ
˵ͷº뿪֮ͻȻؿڣҿﾹһѪ˳
ղںڵ֮Ԩڵ۵һȻˣֻǹǰ˻˻飬Ϊ˱ʹģһ·һֱתǿûֳ
벻ʹۣûȫһµֵסڵǰȻһλѾ̤뷽֮ǿߡ
˫ַڵﴦȶϢձǰ˻˻飬ڵһ£ʱ£ڱ뾡ʹƻָʱ˿ˡ


1833 ˻ĵ
󣬰˻˻飬ĵ۰˻ĵ˻ĵλĵ֮УӶ׻ȸϷӱ
ʱׯϣλ˻ĳڳϯλϣڶλϣ׻ȸԼλϡ
Ͼߣ޷˵òҲ޷֪˵ΪϢ׻һλӣȸЩǣȸһλŮӡ
֮ǰ˵ЩڣȸҲһЩ飬ĻֻѾؽ󲿷ֵطɵˡ
ҲȸΪΰд󲿷ԭ򣬴ŻǴݺĹϵɣһ̲˲ʱ޼ɵȸȻ
ճȸЩ⣬ˣҲû뵽ʱȸ棬иز¶ӣ¹ȸ£޹ʱԣˣȻǴںںˣû뵽ԭǰ˻˵ˣ⵹Щ˼
Ǳߣ䳤ģʹϴߣߺҲ
һΣֻ޹º޹Ķľϣ޹ػϣȻҲԼһЩӹʱǶڵ⡣
ڰ׻Ǳߣ׻иϢŮӣŮºһϲһֻһԿһ˫۾·ûµҹһ䣬޷ģǰ׻£޹ڣҲ֮ǰģºλʦ㡣
˿̣ׯϣǶڵ⣬СۣĲϣǺηʥ䳤϶ԿֻǵСۣ˻೤Ҳû뵽ĲȻһˡ
˵޷ΪϢһ˵ϢǺܺ÷ֱģһˣܹ̳в֮λǾһˡ
ˡǲ𣿡
ϻôᣬ֮ǰΪǸͷء
ۣ˵˵㿴
ôҲһúܺÿɡ
ιιι㷢ʲôհǲҮ
֪֪Ҫ˵
߿߿ǿôˣҿ
ſǱߣΧŮǰ˻ĵĵӣһ˵ϻᣬ˱㶼̽ͷţ˵ϴŲߣһͷѩĳݷǷӰⲻЩŮ룬ɽһ˭ϲ
ڰ˻λȻҲߵ֣֮׻һλ壬ƽƽһͷӣôûϲôߵģȸˡ
ȸһأ˼ĿеӣŮӣ治ѣȻһλΪòҲض˫ŮӡڣһλĲȻΪĶˡ
ﰲƬ̣һλ˻ĳȥڵ㡭ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ʼʱº±ߣһ䳤ϣȻרġ
ʱ˵ǰЩգ䳤Σ޹޹ʴҲҳֽѵһ£Ӧûɣ
Ŵһһ±Щˣˣʱܹܵ䳤ǹɺֻһ֣ǲᰡ
Ŷ
ǰĲյﴵһصҵǾãء
⻰һֳոǽֻ䳤һЦôϸպ󡭡ǲǻҪˣ
䣬һɰԵϢȥʱϵ˸еһϣһɲǣ˪ղŻ۵ĵӣһҲס˺
缤һͷѩ׷Ȼȴֻ豭ߣᴵһ䳤Ͽȥص䳤ˣ˵ζŨ
䳤һϢϢġ⾳ѾͻƵ㡰Ҿڹɽ磬Ѿ򵽶ǵǿ⾳񲻻κˣܹΪϢסǷ֮Ҳ⡣
ʱ˵Ϣţȴ͸ˣۼԽԽţλ˻ĳվֱ̧̧֣˰ˣλˣִġ
ߣ
䳤һ䣬ŽϢȥĲյȥص磬Ҹ䳤ϣһ°ɣ
˵ܾǰиҪͼһأǲϣ˼å죬ȥŴЩˣǿߡ
ǲţֻԹһŭ֮£óͷ죬죬ŵˣֳȻҲ˹ٸ
˿̣˶ר£˵˴˻˵ЩϿ˿ŵԭΪٸǵϹٸһȨе棬ȻƫǵһЩν¡Ĵ񣬹˴񡣡
⡭
˴вٰ˻ĳϣ˴˶˴˽飬ڷٳʱ˵Īڰµİ˻ˣҲԲ˵ȥ
˿䳤ϣ䳤֪𣿡
ŶǺΣ
䳤ǵ޼ɵˣҲˣɾʱиԸ£Ϊ˲ô˼ѹðȥɱǵǻϣ͵͵Ǳǵƴɱǵǵ֪˹һȼϵǻһͬھˡ
⣬⡭
£м϶ɫҲδ⣬̫ˡ
İ˻ĵҲһ֮ɫ૵ȷʵˣֲڷٸ˽ЩҪ˶ǡ
ǾͲѹˣ֪⣬˭Ҫˣ죬ôһ䣬ܿûǱϴסˡ
棬䳤ϿЦǸˣҪϷͬھ
գһֱñʱ䳤һЦĹ£Ǿʰ磬Ҳһ°ɡ
ֻ䳤߳һӣüһȣһ۾͸˲򵥵ĸо䳤ϵĴˣ£ڰ˻һ棬ΪǶˡ
˿̣˳ŲλϵϴŵЦ˵ܾǰСʱʱÿ꣬ﶼҪЩҵʱɱֻĶˣʣһֻסֻ׼׵ʱֻȻݺһڣһڣҵֶѪˣǺǡ£ôˣ


1834 
ȻݺһڣһڣҵֶѪˣǺǡ£ôˣ
Цݵؿʱ⣬˶˵˵Ľš
˶£֪Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴºһЦ£㵹˵˵Ǽһںôˣ˼˷磿ܹô󣬲ѽ
ۣ½㣬ҪЦ𣿼
ԭգ⼸ŮЦһ¸ˣֹǵļŮм϶Щ̿䳤̫ǿǾԲʱЦ
ۣ
ٰʲô
ûûʲô˼֣Ǹûס
˻ȥ
̫һϵĽٰһۣĽٰ죬̿Զ¿ȥֻ¸ղŻЦϾǱ˲һһѿ
ȡȿȣ
λ˻ĳϿһȺƤĵӲסʱ¿ȥˣ
´ʱ˪Ŀ¶׹⣬صǽĳšϣٽ˫šϣĲӣˣŽͷš
⡭Ŵһԭ⻹ڷЦһЩӣʱסˣδҲ̫ײˣ
˻ĵϣмλҲһ㶣һ£ǵȻ֪С䳤鹹ģţҲȷʵδоײһЩ
£ָ²֮ǰλݴǶǹԹ䳤ϵĻԹԴף²䳤ȴݺݡġһڣĵֶѪ
һסˣ˶һż˼ƣȷʵǡù°
¼ϻˣǰһƵģ¶Ц򿪣ˡ
ĸ⡰¡ｲʲôºһվЦҿ»û˵ɣ
Ŷ
ºȥô޹в𣿡
ºЦЦȻˣ˵ʱñ߹ˣһٺô򡭡ҴҴˣأҴˣأһ˵ţһ۴޵ӡ
ʱһ󻶿Ц
ۡ
ٰЦ
ãá̫һϣˣ
⣬һ³˻Цʱ䳤ɫҪѿжѿҪţֻµŵ˲Цˡ
££
ǡ
ºݺݵºһۣȴԷ˫ǰЦһӣаŮˣһ죬ҵºԹҲǽһˡ
䳤͸ʱϵýλ˻ĳ϶һۣھ˼˵ȥˣһλתƻڣ˵˵һ°ɡ
󣬼λͬʱȥһλϿʵһ˽߽Ƿ񻹽Ķһ㣿
Ŵһ漸λ϶ˣõ뿪󻺻ļŸˡ
˻Ĵһ±ЩˣҲҿЦһſڵλʵǣϴֻ̫ص󵽵ûаɹɣ
ôһ˵˸ɫȸͰ׻һҲͬʱ˹ߵػϺͶľϣɫأĬ
Ҫ֪˻˵ֻ֪̫صһһ̫ŽǼ֮룬ڵʱȴ֪ǾʲôҲվֻвһˣգǰֻ̫ص
ǷɹˣҲ֪ЩȻ˻ɳȥѰңһֱûҵͲߵ䣬ֻ֪
ڣ²ͻȻʱŲ߻Щɣתһ룬ǴˣǾ޷ߴϣܹߴϣһؾ
ʱ̫ңƴҳȴڻʧˣ֪䵽˺δȥ
⣬⡭
ôһ˵˻ĵλϾһһʱ֪οڣȻԷѾ˵ˣ֪Ҳܲ׷ʰɣ
ʱһλʵǲʱɿ֪ʲô𣿡
δ
ܷһϴδ򿪹ʲôҲû˵
⡭
һʱ䣬ɻǾʲôںδǷֻ̫ص˻ȥҪǱֻ̫ص˻ȥһУûκ壿
ȻҲ˶Դ˿˵Щֻ̬ȣΪ˵ѣ˵ھͲϣȴԸó
ãûа취޷ټ׷׷Ҳ޹һλϿڵջм飬Ҫ㡣
ȥ£ϵ˵޷
š
λϵ˵ͷſ˵˻λ֮Ҫڰ֮һˣ£֪Ƿи߹㣿
ǰȷʵ˵¡
Ŷ
λ˻ĳϿ˿һʵǲ֪˿̣Ƿк֮ˣ
ʱûСҡͷ˵
Ŷô
λ룬һ˵Ļձɰ˻˴˵ѡһˣΪˣ˱ؽ֪Σ
ԡûжԣƺҲЩλ˻ĳϵϡ
ʱڵ⣬ȻѾˣЩƤİ˻˵ӴʱŷϣһҪմˣһ˷
ҪյӣҪ£
ң˰ɣʱһб´ȥ𣿵ʱ¾ͱ˴̨ˡ
ޣû˵һҪˣһϾƫƫأߺߺߡ

ֱƻ轫ʱļŲ򿪣ֻλͼλ˻ĳϵȴ߳ˣ֪˺ʲô˿䳤һɺԶܽ˶ɱһ
㳡Ϻ䳤Ͽһۣص䳤ϣٻˡ˵꣬һȥˣ䳤ϿȥӰǺ䲻ѡ
˹㳡ߣһ·л˵ȴÿÿֹʵϿʲôҪ˵
⡭
룬ѹܸоЩѰ
ָʲô£
ʲô£
˿ΧθǽѹࣺȻǲһ£ղһԣ±Ǽ˵񣬶Щԡ
Ŷ
δԵ̫⣬ʱԶȻһȺŮ˹ϣϣ


1835 
ϣϣ
ֻһȺ˻˵˹һ˶ͣǰȺĵŮʵôˣ
Ҫ£
Ůа˿˵Цȴִż棬º˿º̻⣬ȻЦѽҪܹҵĿ飬Ǿǰ¡
ߺߣ½㣬ɣ
ǺǣǾͿˣһʽ￴ˮ£
ºһһɵֶĺǱŨĻһֻеͷĿѣѣ·𿴼Ļ裬ֿˮģӰ֮ѹʱǰһˡ
ϲˣ
ǿı𡭡

뿪˻ĵһ˾ֱ߲ؽȥ·˵Լѡ
˻˲ãڲĵӣϤڰ˻ĵϣ£һĵ棬ȷʵǵǷ켫ˣЩ걾˲ŵ㣬ǸҲһӡ
һ˵̾˵صİ˻ˣֻҪӮΣʱ͡
˻ĸ֣֮ǰղڰ˻ĵѾλ˵ˣ˻̫Ű˻ÿһӵĴĵƴնߣܹõĳʸ񣬶ʸڰ˻ĵԼԼƺйء
ʱ٣˶ȥǾ⣬̫Ű˻ˣһЩǿȥ⣬ֻȥ֮󣬾ҲûлˣһЩĵ
º´ҺֶμҲ֪޹ȷʵûһ⡭
Ա߶ľϺػҲȻڽ޹Ϳ޹ҲûеܹʤˣϾ䴫ˣΪ츳ߵԴ˻˵ܱȵġ
Ҳ˵˻ﶼҳ࿹ĵ죬Ҳˣ˵׺Ҳӣ׺Ϊֻ°оͻᱻԷûɢȥ롣
ֻǧѣζЩˣпܶù£ҪǧѣζЩĵӣҲǲܵġ
һʵϣ֮ǰ˵λˣ˵һΰ˻֮ȫΪˣô£
⡭
̾ºһԣͻȻһ䣬˵ô£ȻǷˣ
Ŷ
һ䴫˶Կգȴ䴫˷һΪ
ºһΣҵһܺ࿹ˣôˣһһĽ
ˣҸŰɣ˻Ŷʱ䡣

һʱ䣬ѡһ£Ҳڰ˻еݱŲҪˣ˻Ľ磬򣬶˻˶
£δԵжģһδȥ˻ĵѡеˡ
޹ºҪ֮ʱһɫѵӣȻ󣺡ƺʱ¹ȥĴԽԽƵˡ
űº漴ͣ΢΢תͷôȥĳҲҪԤ𣿡
Ҫᡭ
ӣо£޹ĳϣºδΪ޹֮ʱѾ޹ĳˡ
ʱ˵ڰ˻ˣνֿȣ䣬ֻȰһ䣬¡ҪԼ鷳
ºתȥҪ̵òһ˳֣˵ֿĳϣĪǿ
µ˾ǽ񷣬ǵԨһУδ֪β˵ѡиġ꣬޺ۣܵСС꣬ȴһʵټš
ºǲһ֮ˣܹ¶Կ˴ΰ˻Уһѩǰܡ
飬̫ˡ
ǰߣԶֵĲ壬˵һǧ겻꣬Ϊģ
ԣºһ˼Ƭ̣˵ģ
µʵݣǰǰǱߣյӣ²޼֪
˵ʲô
ԣºɫһ䣬˿̾ĳ棬ôĿģԶ׼Ҫ
ڣһУʵնӲƿء¿ºص
˺Ƭ̣ºع̧ͷ˻ˣȻûʲô飬ܹסĳϵġ
ˡ
ҿûп㣡
ºȻ֪ˣΪڲŸңµ֮ڲŸ߹ǲ빬ԽԽ
ߣҲŲܣȻ֪ˣ¹شҪ̸߲ȥ˵ţ˫΢һӡʱһǱ߷ȥˡ

¿ԶȥʧӰֻҡͷ̾ººʼջǣ̫ˣʦһĳǸ

ϣأֻڣ˿üëǿҪšһƵģһŻڣ֣ġ
Ǵˡ
Ա߿һۣ˼Ƭ̣Żعͷ˵ҸҶ϶ȻˣһΪҲȷʵˣܹ˵ӱ䶯һ壬һΣġ
˼ܵҲҪ԰ŵˣĿܵƿزˡ
ˡ
һ䶯ô˼ƣȻǼĳΪˣȻȻԵ㲻ɼĽβһʽƿزˡ
Ѿһˡ
ɬһ壬Ҳ׵һвȫ̽䣬㿴Ӧ
š
۾һ壬ȷʵԶԸмĵˣʵ֮ǿܵУȻڴ˴ѡӱ˻඼һɵˣʱֻûѣȻҪΪˡ

ʱ⴫һţֻºɫæ˽һʱϵգºʱµ˼֣૵Ѿ֪ˡ
š
˵ͷֵ޹ڴ֮ǰѾ֪ĵ
ţ
º˵ͷ˵ԭģǰǰһյӣ£˻ûм֪
⡭
һӣϸһ±Ȼ޹ˣûа취ˣӣҪ߷ܡ
ô죿
ºЩ΢΢ףŵؿŵŵʱҲ˳˼һҪΣܲɫӮ䳤һ壿


1836 ½
ҹϡ˼Ǻ֮ѩ׷ɣХ죬紺֮һ
㡭ʲô𣿡
±ϣ˽ƺƸ£δЩʱʱг⸡ϣ֪Ȼǰ˻˵飬ʹġ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷƺϵ£ȻʱģֻһɵһƾԪȻҲ᲻¶
δ߽һЩصǴʲôʱʼģ
ʲô
һʱδָʲôδ뿴˵Ǵʲôʱʼܰǰʱ򣬾㲻ңҲº˵
δ롭
ʱĻɵ΢΢һǴʲôʱʼҲ˵šǴӹɽԺɡ
δһ죬ң˵ĳǺ飬˵ҲܺѧʱҾ֪˵ĶǼٵġ
һƺϵ£֪Щ飬Է󣬻ǽ˻˵飬һһ˵ˡ
δ֮ԭΪԼһüͷȴ룬ֻһЦĺˡ
ʲô
ʱɵӣѵа취ˣδ뿴˿ǰƺתͷЦ䳤һ֮ʱעǰܾˡ
Ŷ
һĪӣѵ˼Ʋߣ

˻ֹȥһʱ䣬ʱºΪ˲һ£ԴҲҲ취Ը䳤һö壬ѵһУע䳤ܲڰǰͰһ˰ɣ
޹λҲЩ취취޷ҳĵӣȥ˻ĵμӲѡʱȴһ⣬Ǽʵ̫ǿʵе֡

һ磬ڴϷĲȥľڣͻȻææ˽Ҫ֮£ľڣʵ˴æֳʲôˣ
ڻһû˵ӣһšüͷն𣿡
ģ
վصģʼջкã
⡭
һô˵һ£ٺٺٵЦǰͻȻת˾޴߽һЩ˿ϣ㡭û°ɣ
û£Ȼû£ٺٺ٣õúأ
ͻȻЦŵ˵ǣزõˣǼģ˶Ըˣ
ŶüЦӣȻ˵棬ʵʲôˣ
߽һЩ˵Ҳһ꣬ڻ̫Գʲô½ٰšϸһѳҿЩͷ
½٣š
һɲǣԺﲻ뵽δ˵ʱ䣬ûӰǡ
ϣ㣬ǰ½٣ʲôӣ
⡭
룬˵ʼմһߣû˼ʲôģ
ߡ
һתһ룬δ˫˿ģߣֻһ£ԼҲϲݳԼӣƭôɵųϡ
˼⼰ˣʵɿ壬֮ʲôģ
ԣЦһ˵һͨٲͨôһͨͨһ·ȴܹĽ߹С
Ŷ
룬˵һǣܸˡ
ߣߣ
Ŷθߣ
ˮ㡢ݡáһһƻƺ֮ˮ
ǰ½˵似һţ΢΢ͷգٿɡ
߷ģһһֱǰ½ٵġ
š
ֹ˼죬⼸ĺͰ½˵֣˻˵ĵӶ֪ˣûܹǶ˵Ľ߹ʮУʮ֮ڣذɡ
գǼĺͰ½ĶԾ˶˵Ľ£հ˻ĵĹ㳡ϣˣ˶뿴Īİ½٣һ˵ļģ˾˭ʤһ
쪣㳡ϵҶ̨ϣϷɳɳ죬ʱ˴Լʮɾ룬ϵĽѾ̨ʹǸüԶˣҲܸܵõ
һ£˫۱䣬ֻн½һ覣ϴһߣ˿üò
ʱ̨µ˶۷׷ף꣬ǧһţᣬȴ˾裬һ̲ˣʵ޷ʱգؽгɾͣǰ;
㿴Σ
Ҳˣ˿ڹ㳡һ̨ϣڲԶмλΪİ˻ĳϣҲڿŽⳡؼıԣ˭Ӯˣ˭ǲˡ
ϸŴʱ̨ϵˣǺģ˵ǰǰ˽ӣΪԼϢȷʵһꣿ
ǰ갢ţʱȥϢƺҲ಻ʮꡭ


1837 
㳡ϣϢһλ˻ĳΪһʱ䣬һ˭վ̨ϣ˭ǽʤ֮ˣڡʼ
ųϻ£̨ϣǼһĽ̨˶źһʵһһ־֮С

һĽХ𣬺ĵȳ֣һǻֱָ갢Ŷȥ
û˿ԶҵĽҲһ
֮У˱ţҲ·𲻴κһ˿飬ת˲֮䣬δ䣬һѽѵݵ½ٵǰ

½ٻӽ񵲣û˿üµҲӲ˵ֻеĽȥӭӶԷһһʽĽơ

˵Ľڶ̨ϵ磬ӰԽԽ죬ҲԽԽǿĵĽɱԽԽأһһʮֳͣ½ٵĽȴʼƮ飬ǽ׽͸
Ƭ̨̣֮ϣ˵ӰӰ֯һ̨沼󷨷ֻ¶˵ĽѼ棬˵ս֮ˡ
ʹˣ̨Ҳܹܵ˵Ľǿ˼£꣬˸ĪΪҲ˵ǶչֳΪֻ˶ѣ
̨֮ϣλ˻ĳҲսи뷨Ҳţֻˡ
ԴԼ˰ʱ䣬˿Ƕ̨棬Ѿȫ˵Ľ֣û󷨷κ˿رĽˡ
㿴ʲô𣿡
һԣϸۿ̨˱ԣĵĽɱ̫ˣһһʽ֮䣬ֱȡԷȥصɱȴء
ǰ½ĽʼĪ⣬Ʈһͨͨɽ֮ȴһɼǿ˲ܶϼɱ֮۶ϣֻͶϳһһصˡ
˵ĽԽԽ죬̨ϣǶ˵ĽӰ
ʱָֻһһеĽȾѪһ¸ѪȻһֱ½նȥ
һɲǣ½Ҳ˿ãָͬһڳ֮ϣֱ棬һػȥ

˵Ľնһ𣬶ʱһľ죬һɽʻμȥʹ̨󷨷̨µҲͻĽöᣬһЩΪϵ͵ĵӣ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ϵɱȻüأҲͬһ˲䣬һӰ˲ϢַĵĽַ½ٵĽһ±㽫òɿ˷ֿˡ
ϡ̨˽һͻȻɵ̨ϸԤ֮ˣȻǲ
˿̨ϣֹͣ˶̨Ҳź˵ֻҪһδ»䣬ôʹǲҲøԤԽС
̨֮ϣλ˻ĳϱ˴˶һۣҡҡͷҿҪʲô
ֻĿǰ½ϣ½ҲƬ̣ʵʲô֡
ҽаšǳ峺峺þɽĹȪһȾ⳾ķ׷š
Զ˶̨ϲȸͰ׻˽ҲڣȸϷ̨ϣĬȻ޹̫һϣĽٰҲս
һʼذ֣ʼû˵ʱ˵ԭ˵峺
˵ߣժ
ԣ̨˶ס˺ǵҲ뿴峺һ꣬ʲôӣǰ½ȴƽһ£漴ˣ˵ժ
⡭
⡰ժ֣ʱ±һƬۣǲ׿ժߣժˣ˵Щţ
ժ¡
߽һ̨˸ϢΪԹժߣȴȻת̨ȥ
վס
Ӱ˲һǰߣһ죬ץȥȴһһƿˡ
ÿ
̨һ㶣ղֻǼĶԾʱӰƮû뵽ʱȻܴӲѣʵ˵á
ѣһɲһչһ˲ǰһûӿֿ磬Ӱ޺ۣһ±ץסϵߣһˣʱһͷƮɢһ˲䣬̨Ĺڶôλվ㵲˺һƬŲűơ
ô£ôǸŮӣλ˻ĳҲɫһ䣬һ´λվ
⣬⡭Ǹʲô
ҲסˣԶºˣһĿɿڴֻ̨ǡꡱü续γһŮʲôꣿ
ȸǱߣĽٰҲסˣ̨ϵŮǶ˻һ૵νߣԻΪòΪΪΪ̬ΪǣԱѩΪˮΪˡ
ٰʲô
̫һϣûûʲôĽٰعʱ̨Ůһʱ䣬ֻеƮ⡣
˿̰˻˶סˣ½ٰţôǸŮֲøղժƺȷʵûŮΪ˵
ʱվ̨ϣһߣǰŮòŵһ½٣һš
⡭
˻ĵλҲüͷҲû뵽꣬ȻһŮαװɣô죿Իȥ𣿿ǲȴûŮΪ˵
ʱһλȥʵڡԻ𣿡
ǰŮ˵ˣӽҲĴˡ
⡭
Ŵһ̨˶һŮΪˣǰڲƺûйŮӣűȻҲǼڶ֪һǾϲ֮ˣô죿
ʱһλ˻ĳ˹˵һŮӰ
Ůôˣ
λ˻ĳϻδ˵꣬Ϸ̨Ǳߣ㴫ȸʱȸȻ˶һ£λ˻ĳҲǰѺ˵Ļ˻ȥ漴Ŀڵȸ㲻Ҫᣬҵ˼
ǳϵ˼ʲô˵Ůӵôˣ
ȸܴߣµȴԽԽƱˣǰ˻ĵĳϲٽ˵ȥˣֻԽ˵Խҡ
Ǻǣһ½٣š
ʱºҲλվ֮ǰ½ٶôôԽղһصã⽣뻯İ½٣һ±˸ϲİСѾͷ


1838 ˻
˿㳡ϣ۷׷ף֮ʱȷʵûκһŮΪˣҲûй涨˵ŮΪˣοǲ׿˵ģҪŮΪˡ
λ˻ĳϴʱҲӣŮţǲˣʦͽˣҪ

һ˻ƺƽʱһµĲѡڽˣԭ˶ΪΪˣȴû뵽;ɱһ½٣û뵽ǣ½٣ʲô꣬һΪߵѾͷ
ʱ䳤ɫҪжҺţȻҪλ϶ŵò˵ˡ
½١ܺá
䳤ϵɱۿһͿˣϵãȫ½١ˣδרԵģ
䳤ϡϢŭ
ǻǷ˵˴Ѿֻǰ½٣ҿ˲򵥣ܹһδ׽סĵĽУ¶ԼĹ˵ֻһͨŮ˵ȥ䳤ϣ𣿡
Ȼֻͨˡ
䳤ԭΪⲽɱƵò·ߣڿҪٻһˡ
ұߵĻСڴ£䳤Ҳż֮󣬱ǰ˻ˣʱ򡭡
˵˴ЦЦһˣðϣһεĲˡϣ˵أ

ǰ⡰šҡҡͷת⣺δ룬̫ˡ
ⲻ
ԭ½ٰţȴǻδ룬Ҳ֪ȥǣ˻Ľģֻû뵽˴£Լ
Ϊβ˵عͷһۣмֵ˼
ߺߣ˭֮ǰʲô¶˵ǳƽ
֡
תͷȥҹɫµĲ壬ص°˻˵ľƣ֪жΣļƻʱ˰ɱô죿ֲ֪½㡭
أʦס
㡭
عͷίģ˵ôһ˵ô
ء
δ뱾͹龫֣ʱһ͵͵һۿģҲûޣ˺ˣ
ʲôߣԼ
δһ̧֣ץ֣һʱӦмһԼԼĺ͸
ţ㿴հ죬ڳǼ֤£Ѿڣˡ
㡭
һʱЩ֪˵ʲôǸоûȸԼһ̫ˣ˻Ľ磬ǰ˻Ǳգ̶£Ѿܵˣɲ죬Ȼһ
ˡ
˵ˣȡһȴֻúϵһС˵ͬ壬֮ǰҵģע˻ΣգҡҶü
Ưδ뽫ֻСϣһҡ㷢һ󡰶塱
壬塭
ʦʦŶ𣿡
šΣգҡ壬ΪʦԻ
ŶŶ

壬塭
Ŷôˣ
ҡҡʦ

壬塭
Ŷôˣ
ŶʦˣҡȻʦͳ

ʦĻֻзŶӵСȫķΪ񡣡
Ŷסӽ֣Ů

壬塭
壬塭
ʦ㻹ü𡭡
壬塭
壬塭
ƻ֮£ֻһµ

δ룬ôˣ
ղŻúõģȴͻȻ߽һЩδ̧ͷһЩʧ񣺡Ҳ֪Ҹղſֻ֪Ϊʲô
ôˣ
ңҡ
δ벻֪ôһͻȻ˵ѹɴʲôҲ˵ϡ
δ룬ǲǸ˻ˣ㻹ЩϰߣҸղţû㡭
˿̣Ҳ࣬δҡҡͷȴ˵һſڵ㻹ǵãǸʶõʱһΣɽϣҵһȣһǻ桭
ҵһŶڹŶ棬ҵһڣд֣Ȼķѣһ
յΣԭ©˵˳ֵգһִй۵Ĵ˵
δʱһֱѰй۵Ĵ˵ȥɵȡ飬ҲΪҵ֪ҵģֻǰ۴˵ǰء
ǰ
һʱЩδҡҡͷ֪ôͻȻЩɬûûʲôҲס
ʱȻнŲ𣬻δɿֻ˽ҹǰȻҪ֮¡
ţôûлȥǲ֪δĹϵֻǼҹڲЩɻ
޷ҹǰк£ȥƺڻδڳδ˵¡
ǡȻȥˣʦˡδ˵ţһȥ
֮Żعͷ֪Ҫ˵ʲôȿڵϽǰΪİ˻
ϴΰ˻˻֮ʱѾλ˻ĳ˵ʱ˻ҲеİҪΪһϸĴˣĸҪͨ˻Ŀ飬ĵһʤ
˻ʤйϵܴĿǰ֪ò̫࣬ʱģ飬ض򵥣Ż򵥵ıԡ
˿˵Ϊ¶˼룬һΣ䳤ϡڰ˻֣ҵģ
Ҷֺұضڡ
һɲǣеһϣôǵһθܵеɱ⣬ǰžʲôˡ
һع˵˵ȻѡԿǾͱȻ䣬һεİ˻ҪΣǶӮ֪Ϊ𣿡
ΪΣʵ
ʱãʱ㽫е뷨˵˳Ҳ˵˻ϵԺĵλ˵ڣڴ˴ʤô޹λͳϣŻĿ࿴ʱ޲ҲŻΪ𣿡
ҵȻ֪
ȥκ˶˻˻ǲޣĲûмˣڰ˻ĵҪǺȸǾ仰ֻǼ˻ĳϣҪԡŮӡΪɣɣ
ЩȷʵᣬûʵܹڣʹǲҲ⣬ǧϣľЩΪĳϣĻԸ
һΣڰ˻ʤôͲһˣֻҪʤ̸ףҲδȥðգϾֶκδ벻Ǵ˵Ķ֡
ǣһΰô·¸ˣ䳤ֵǿߣиˣأʲôûУ޷ûʵ⡭


1839 ̫Ű˻ľ
ɫܣվڴ̨ߣĬ֪δһֱһɼǿÿ볤õĳ˯ѹʱķӡͻһ㣬ܶõҲ͸ǿһ¡
һΣδħҶˡ㡢׻ʦ˽֣⿪ӡʱ췣ʱʱ췣ֵģһɲǣоõδµ췣򵥣Ѱ˶ùǿ췣
δµ췣ʲôһʱҲ˵ףֻһɲõĸоһ֣춼ڵĸо
һֱϣδ⿪ӡΪ췣ÿ⿪һӡһΣͱȻõĳ˯Щеһֱȥһ죬˯ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ꡭǣܹ
һΰ˻⿪ӡµĶ֣꣬һΪѲڰ˻һЩ֮£ɽӱ˿ο䴫ˣһ֮ҲС
һתʵˣһΣ˵ģǡ̫Ű˻ľһ£Σ
̫Ű˻ľ
룬ع˵ҵҲҪ˵£Ѿ˴ˣôհ˻˵ĹԴŰţȥҳҪ̫Ű˻ľķˡ
˵ͷ˵ϴθ˵̫Ű˻ľΪ־־־ô
ˡ
˵ͷҪ־ķǲУ־ķڽ޹ǧڣȥǧͨλϿ飬õ
ǵ־־أʵ
ЦЦ־ڰ˻ĵҪĻֻܴŰȥ˻˵ͨλ˻ĳϵĿ飬õ־εİ˻Ӯûʸõ־ңҲûм־
Ŷ
һ𵱳ںںȸˣʱԷϵİ˻֮ȷʵº󷨿⣬̫Ű˻ľԵʣ̫Ű˻ľҲѰôֻ̫ص⣿
͵־أ־Ҳأ־ͬأÿһأԶ
Ŷ
˿ʵϵ̫Ű˻ľһһˣ
⡭ʼԼֲ˼СڨڨЦ磬²¿
ؾ
ٺ١ء
˼ЦЦԴ̫Ű˻ľҲֶֻؾѣ˵ؾĻ֪ЩλǧľλϣǷѾˣšҲûаɡ
˼ѣ
Ϊ̫Ű˻ľܺʵǰ˻ж־ˣ
ۣ
ûһڿˮԼǺţ̧ͷ⻰Ѳɣ־ģһץһѰʵ˵˰ɣôҲû˭̫Ű˻ľ־ȥˣȸ׻Ҳڵؾ䳤ϣҲ֪û־ż
ôѣ
Ϊأ
һۣ̤̫徳ҪϰٱҾֻ˵Ǻܶǰˣʱмλ츳ĳϰ̫Ű˻ľ־ǵѾȥˡ
ԭˡ
ϸϸ˼̫Ű˻ľȷʵ򵥣ϲµһư˻֮Լǽ̫Ű˻ľ־ʵжǿ־İ˻֮ǿеħָͨһ
̫Ű˻ľ˻֮ôǷͿֲδӡһĲ㣿ʹڲ⿪ӡ£δҲܹͬʤ¡
šұȥ밢˵˵£аǰ˻ˣãʱЩִ٣֪ܹڼء
ġ
ЦЦ˵԰ŵ츳׼úܣʱҰȥؾؾ֮У˲֮һգɱʮա
á

˵ڶ죬ֱʱҲδ֣ûѵǸЩϰߣ
ϣ㿴𣿡
ţ
⿴˿ɻѵճʱû裿
ûʵ˵
ӣ⻹ˣ
һ䣬˵ͷһô֪˵ãȥԵһ
ϣȵȡվֽס
ôˣ
Ҫȥתֻӵ˵ˣȥɡ
⡭ҲС
룬ֵСѾͷ֪أɲܹ߼أǲϷˣҪúýѵ䡣
šȻ
˵ͷȥˣӲͬԼͥԺ¥ߵ¥ϣδʵţδ룬û𣿡
ţ
棬δ˯ʵǻδ˯ѣ˽ȥδ룬ˣѾˡ
ţδ߽һ½ͷ˱Ҫ˯һ
ˣûϣѾˡ
ءֲͽ
ȻҲˡ
ءʦסδ˫űӣ¶СԹؿ
ˣҺҪ֮Ҫ˵
ء
δڴϲ𣬹һһתЦʦҪȻͲ
㡭
գֲֻýӴϱδϲ˲䣺Ժÿ죬ʦҪ尢ţȻͲ𴲡
㰡·ãϴǻҪȥϡ
ߣ
δСһ٣ģǿɰȻ䣬Сʱ壬ʦôЦɲδƤ

ϣãʦͽˣ˵ţôϸʦ裿֪ΪˣҪһ㣬ʦص
δ˵꣬δȻһۣͷԡ
㣡㣡⡭㿴㿴
ȿȣ
ǰߣһ˵ţö񡣡
ޡδ˹죬ֳϿһۣ˸㵽ȥ
⡭ˣˣ
ӶˣǰߣҲЦãӽֻеˡ


1840 
ȥ֮£δ·һǰڵϣ㽫飬˵һ°ɡ
ߣ
Żδغһſڵţ֪ǲˣǰһˣ
ߣҵȻ֪ˣδ뽫ͷһ˵֪ʵϣûʲô仯
˰ˡ
Ҳˣ˵а꣬ǰ˻ˣ飬Ҳ֪ˡ
δЦǰ˻ʲôѵġ
٣СѾͷϵ
챻Цˣ˵ɲҪС˻أʧˣҲûлˣ֪
֪˵صɡ
СѾͷ
ͻȻţԺصģͲֹºһˣһֿڵˣҪʦȥ޹̫Ű˻ľġ־ûʲôѶȣ־Ҫȥ˻ĵɾˡ
δһߣСֹȥķһΪʲôأҡ
ţֹʲô
ûʲôûʲô
գͻδҪȥ޹̫Ű˻ľ־ʱڴϣϸߣδܵ˵ȥʦȥ޹𣿡
㰡Ҫȥϡ
һ£֪ΪΣܸо˲ΪԼġͽ󣬾ͱñƤ࣬ǰȻ龫֣ɲôƤ

δһЦǸƤһһǰϣʱ߽һˣȴº֪ǰк¡
ȿȣ
ʱδȻܵȥˣҡڵϣºһ˵ţʲô񣬻
ԡϻδתͷȥҲͷ
٣üһ
ºµؿһ߲Цţһ߳˹ȥδץԼһֻö￪ˣؿ
ºһǰ֣һסٸԿ
ۣɿɿ
δ뱻öһ㱻š˹ȥ۵ֱתʦ㿴㿴
٣ʦҲûá
ºšǰңңӦýʲô
ءװͰ͵Ůˣ
üһ
ۣʦң
ʦ˶ûãˣңҪô޹Ҫô³ϣѧʦصû
ء
ȿȣʲôʱſںȻһ֮ϣƤ֣ɺͳ
ǧϡ
ºʱһæɿ˻δ룬תſǱȥֻһӰվ溮˪ɫޱȣǽ޹ǧϡ
ǧǧϣôôˡ
ºҲû뵽ǰŸԷôʹӽ޹ˣٶδҲ̫ˡ
ߣ
ǧһ֮ɫ˽δλһΪϢʵɲ⣬ȫͬһʱҲˡ
ǧϽк£
ǧ߽׼δȥ޹û뵽ԷȴˣǰλǧϣһΪɲ⣬ڲλߣԷȻҲ

ǧϹ˹֣ʱŴȡһ˵̫Ű˻ľ־ŵҪȥ˻ĵõ־ǧλһΪԲʵܹȡ־ʽ˾ֱӴ˹Խʡʱ䡣
Ŷ
Щ⣬ԭΪǧЩīسɹ棬벻ͨãʡʱ䡣
˿̣ȥǧнӹ˵ˣлǧˡ
ˡ
ǧһ˵ţһºͻδ˿һۣ˵ޱ£ǧˡ
ǧϣ롭
Խ⣬Ŀһȥתºͻδ룺ֲˣ
δͷºСʵո˭׵ӡ
ͶϡºͷһۣСĵǧϣء
ޡ
δż⣬ȥǧԶû򣬵һֻ֣днǿϢԺ
Ȼ䣬ϣǺڵ֮ԨһС˺ڵ۵磬ֲõʱȥôԭõı̫Ű˻ľʽ仰ǳԡ׾ȥŵʱȻ伮ŪǹǰϸƣҲʮִ档
ҿҿ
δҲù򣬵Ȼ־ǳ࣬һдģдֻĿ¼ϸķȫ棬ҪĶʱֻһɡ
ºҲ˹ŻδЦ벻ǧЩϹŶҲͨʱ򡭡
š
ûжԣŸղǧȥķ򣬿һΣ޹ܴҲ뿴ıµΣôһΣ;Բʧ
գδ˻ĵλ˻ĳ˵⣬λϣǶˣȥ
ʮ㣬Ϊʮ족ֱ߲Ҫõ־ͨؿ飬ȥʮ㣬õûʸ־
˴Żδõ־Ȼۣ֮ʱεĵǲǶ־ѻʵˣŻŴ˵ȡ־
£ҪŴõ־ģ⾿ŻԸһʧܣʮ꣬ˡ
ڣþأΣأ㵱𣿡
š뼸λϣ򿪽ɡ
á
һڼλϺʩ£ڽˣԥδ̤ȥȻ缸λ˻ĳԣһУֻǵһ㣬˱ܵһΣϢ


Ϊõ־ܹҿô
䳤ͳԱλЦЦ̫Ըɲ򣬵ΰ˻֮ʰ١
˵Ψһĵǣܵ춯
ͻȻ֮䣬䳤ϵøˣԱλ㶣ʵĵģָʲô
ܴ˿䳤ϴߣܸоóʱ飬˼ɵܹΪ֮ɵģǾͱȻʲô򵥵Ķ
棬Ԩ桭ˣûʲô
һ룬䳤ͻȻֲ˵ˣλվԱߣΣҲÿѯʡ

죬һʱһճһ˲䣬δѾˡ
ǳˣ
⼸вٵӶ棬ʱ˳һղһ⣬Ǵӵʮճģ˵Ѿʮ㣬Ŷ̶죬Ȼȥʮ㣬ѵ־õˣʵʵǾˡ



1841 ӡ
ϲõ־
ʱλ˻ĳ϶ʱ䣬ֻʱõ˵־ʦͽʵΣȻض˵
ʵʵԼȥһ㣬־ѾõûбҪˣҪؾδ̫Ű˻ľӭӰİ˻
ȻԲʵҪȥʮõ־Ҳɡ
ϣˡ
ϣϣ
ʱ˻ĵĵΧԶһЩţλĲĪġ죬ֻʱ䣬ͨλϵĿ飬ɹϵʮ㣬õ˵־ȥļǧⲢ
ͻδصİ£ؾ̫Ű˻ľ
ؾ棬ȷʵ棬棬ؾ֮еʺֲð˻Щϣ궼ؾչزҪܹģĻؾ֮󣬴Ҳ׳ȥˡ
δ룬㿴˴Σ
뻨δؾһ滷ɽк֣Ƿƽ紵ʱĻ꣬˿ʱҲڿԽϵĲժˣ˴Բᱻ˿ӡ
š
δȻҲܵõ˴ؾУǷδ֮ǰؽ֮飬Ȱ˻ˣټ£δĸӦ࣬Ӧܹҵڡ
ҵ۵ģڸ¾󷨣ſʼ̫Ű˻ľ
һЩҪ죬֮ǰѾˣ־ѣټͻδĸҪҲһ˿ࡣ
һºѾ־Ҫ죬δҲܹ۳˻֮ˣһ£ڸδ۶ٰ˻֮ʹ۳Ҳˡ
δ룬˻֮еĽ
š
⼸գؾϰδ˻֮ãԽԽ죬ټΪȷʵ˼
ʱ⣬ʮغδϽ亹ȴδǰѽ
С
ʱﰵֻ˵Ļֻµ˰˻ʱδ벻µĶ֣´ֶȻԼʱ˵
ߣ㲻ҪСҡ
ͻȻ䣬δʹһС￴㻨ӰʱǵسϮǻӰ棬δӰصʵѱ棬ʹʶһʱҲѰڡ
ֻһ˲䣬컨ӰУδһͻϮһ죬顱һһƣ˵ȥʱصĻꡣ

δὣʧܣһãһСѰһΣ㻨ӰסӰûͬʱȥһǡֻ̽һ̽һһסеĽ
һԭǽߣϴʱһ˲䷴ӦԪһһȥ顱һһ½˳ȥ
δ룡
ܿ죬ʶ˲
㡭۸ˣ
δ촽һҧͻȻͦǰһΣڵɰ˻֮ںһǻţɴʱǿһʱͱÿ
⡭
ʱδǹ֮ǿʹҲӲοʱں˰˻֮ʱĵģ޷δֿδ˶ֻЩ
Ȼʱֻδɫһף﷢һƺߣɿ񱩵ͻȻʧһһ½⸽ĻľҲ÷飬ûҪǹɼǿƲǣǹɼǿ
δ룡
ƲԣҲ˲еĽһӣ˹ȥȻδɿͶʹҲܲס
㡭ÿ
δҲɫȻһڵʧȥˣ¡¡һ죬ؾԭգһܲ죬췣Ҫһ¡
δ룡
˲ô࣬һ˲ǰɶԷ֮ǿò۵һɲǣԨХ֮ͬʱϵģӰ֣䡱һ۵ֵס˻δһδ뱻۵һ浹˳ȥ
δ롭
ɫһ䣬һ˲ȥסˣͬʱָһסѨپ
˿̣δɫ԰ףҲЩʹֻ࣬ؿᴷһ£Թ۸ˣ˵ֻҪֵġƭӡ
δ룬Ҳá
䵽棬ʱһ̽һ˿ңϵİ˻֮ȫҳһţѰ֮ˣֻ¸ղһ£Ѿˡ

δɫҰף﷢һƺߣţ˵ϢһҪ˹һ¾˵ţϼѨʹʱ˯˹ȥ
˿̣亹乣̫Ű˻ľȻҲǳΣգղֹһδʧأֻºϡ
ʱὫδƽڵϣ˼վڵʱӡ
̫Ű˻ľڰԵ˻֮ҲʮְԵڵʮǿ֯һһʧصĻֱ޷󣬸ղǻֻһѣֵסֻܣӡ
δ룬Ǹ
Żδʱؿڣ΢΢ĽëһʱҲ˳˼ʵҪӡסδڵδڵǿʱ췣˵ױ˿ӣͬʱҲ˵Լ
̫Ű˻Ӳ˲δڵҪ鷳
˿̣ڻδǰ˫һָ̧һٵء桱⡱ѨֻһѨķӡһ½⿪ˣһ֮ӰеġѨϡ
Ϲǵڹɽ磬ãӡѨУǴ֮£٣֮ɢȥˣֻࡰ֮Ӱ֮Ӱͬ˵ĻԪպֻѰһԿ֮Ρ
յķӡֻ֮֮ӡ֮ӡʱӡδڵȻУС򲻵ԼҲδ롣
׼úԥ˫һԪδ磬ÿ˵ľѨλϸ΢죬׼֮󣬷ʩзӡһŪĻûӡˣǰδΪӡˡ
˼ʱδڴ֮ӡ֮ӡֻӡסǹ쳣ǿӡƽ

˿̣δת˹԰ףȫ亹ȻӡԪ
㡭ʲô
ӡδһֻ˾ŵС¹˫ؿڣ˼¡
δ룬¡
˵֮ӡʱǹǿӡסˡ
㡭
δؿһʱ˵Ǹţûȸ㣬ǣұôδ룬֪𣿡
˵˴ۻδߵͷÿ㶯ǹ֮һαؽõĳ˯Һһ졭
˵ˡġ
δָᵲĴߣҡҡͷһֵӡͷӡ˰ɡҲãʧء
ʵǳҲξۺʱɶΪ
һ԰׵ɫ˵˲ٷɡ
û¡
ҡҡͷȻӡԪؾ棬˶ãָܻ
δ룬Ǽ̫Ű˻ľ־ǰأѾˣһºء
š
ֹȥ£δ٣Ѿ־ҲˣҲЩ⣬˵̫Ű˻ľ־δٶȣܹ̫Ű˻ǰˣ޷δҪĽѾˡ
δ룬ܺá
Ҳû뵽δ̫Ű˻ľ棬ǿ츳˵ĵǼλ־ĳϣҲ˰ɣ
º˵µѾ־۷壬Ӧ־˰ɣδ룬־أĵ־һأмʤ㣿
š£
ţҲ¡
룬˵Ҳ£ֻʤ㡣
δһЦʦ˵ˣʮɣΪǻµʱ䡣


֮ϣ䳤Σճλϣ£ԼȻȵӶڡ
£ǰ˻ˣһΣ£׼ô
ϣأȻͷЩʣϴȥʮΪ̫ͣڶֻܿʦˡ
µһˣҷ˰һˣҲ⡭
ãȻָݺ˵ҪǲԵ³
䳤£һſڵˣһܱȣڰ֮ڣ̫Ű˻ľ־мʤ㣿
ɫģ˵ʮɡ
Ŷ
䳤һô˵ֻɫɣЦ֮ڣû˿Խ̫Ű˻ľ־־ɡ


1842 ʼ
ܿ죬ʣµҲȥˣ˻ڼһգֻؾ棬һϼ𣬵Ƕ˹ͼλĳҲؾȺա
֮ʱֻؾڴȻ֣Ƽһ㣬ӰЯֶ
ӭأ
λϺߵĵǶ׷ǰӭӣδһֱؾ̫Ű˻ľٳ̼ǵðǰ˽ؾʱ滹캮ضתѾ¿֮ʡ
ˡӭǰδվԱߣЦЦϣþòѽ
Ѿͷˣ
ٺ٣һˣţ㿴
δһЦ£һ˲ԭʧˣһ˲ٳʱѾǰ
üһҹУ
ͻȻϮʽɲ϶Էٶ̫죬һޣԷһϮʱֻɹ顱һˡ
Сӣ٣
вһܿعôڳɶôȻת̫Ű˻ľʱ򣬶ԷһϮᡣ
ѾͷٶȺÿ졭
廨δӰֻһɾӶӹűδЦϣأ
棿
ǴӺ洫תȥȻǰȴǿһʶ˶Էĵתȥʱ򣬻δ벻֪ð˳һ־סС
ӴӴӴѾͷ֣֣

δƤһЦɿͬʱһǰȥƷХ̴һɰ˻֮һæ顱һԷһϣһȥˤڵء
һĻʱΧһЦϣ㲻ˣ
⣬⡭Ѿͷˣˣ
ű°ͣ۵ֱתȻ֣ɸղŶԷһ£ҲȷʵľһƣѵСѾͷ̫Ű˻ľ־ˣ
Űʱ䣬ôܣ˵Ļ츳Ǳȵ־ǼλϻҪǿˣСѾͷǺ˾ˣѵǷˣ
Ŵʱһ㵵ӣδһЦΣϣǲǲһˣ
㡭㿴϶Ϸˡ
ϣԼˡ
ǺȻЦʱȺִһŮŶ겻СѾͷ²
ǻعͷȥ޹޹
ߣǵȻ㣬ڿɲˣδ뽫ͷһ˫ǰЦŵ
ӴðǾԡ
Ծԣ
δһ˿飬һ˲ȥղŶԸ֪ǣһΪʵͣ˼֣ºǾͲһˡ
Ȼһȥ͸ܵ˶ԷĹΧĵǼ˴ˣæԶȥôԼˡ
ߣ
δһߣ˫һǻ˲䣬Ļʱصº
СѾͷе㱾
ºЦһʱ컨ȫǻδӰѰ֮ˣֱ治䱾ڣҲ֪ԷӺδϮ
ºȴأУһЦһ˲䣬ֻֻͫףȻ˽ɫǰһУƺˣԭõĻʱһƬɫΨлδһ±쵽ˡ
֮ͫ
һºЩ˽⣬δ￴ȻҲӲԷĽ֮ͫ
СѾͷҵˡ
ºЦһһ˲δץȥδȻҲӦ˹˫Ԫһ顱һϣ˵İ˻֮ȥʱΧĵ޷
Ǻǡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ºһЦһֻ̣ɫͫףֱ˵ɫĻӰҲһ±֮ڣа㸡
üһǡ糺֮ͫ⣬Щδ봫ȥһδ룡Ҫ۾
ȻѾˣδ뿴º糺֮ͫһɲǣֻеһͷĿѣڱ֮Уŵһɵ˵ĺţֻƮƮɡ
ңҡͷΡġ
Ǻǣã˯ɣ㻳
㣬Ļģůůġ촽ģģ
ֻδ˫շ죬һʱ֮䣬ȫУͷһ⡭ȻӣŮҲȻ
ǺǡѾͷˡ
ºȻ֮δ˸飬ѹѹʱԼѾ䵽˶ԷȻֻձԷֻסˡ
ءۣſҡ
ǡϴôţңҪʲô
ءװͰ͵Ůˡ
㣬Ҷ졭
º˫һ󣬻δ۵ֱתֲ֪ѧ˫ָһؿץȥͬʱ߳һھ

һ˲䣬ȫʯǸĿɿڴڳļλϣҲסˡ
ºһȥһֻؿڣһָֻѾͷѧĹ򣿡
ߣűأȻңδһһֻƤĺһԾ̻صߡ
ºؿڣԷղôһ󣬾ʹʱߵĵӸĿɿڴؿ
ʲô
ºһȣŵæȥٿ
룡֪ˣʱºȥ˵ᣬ϶ʦģ
ȿȣ޹ô˵أöԵ񣡵Ϊ˹䣬ᴫ˽ƻʽҿѾͷԼҸѧġ
ȡ
Ҳһδ뿴ȥţѧˡֵֹĹ򣿡
ߣδ볯ŬŬӣܵӣ˵̵ģ
ɼǲʲôʱֵֹ̹ĹˣҪϸĻƺܾǰǴƽɽԼģƭ˸ŸɵˣԼ׷ȥƺһע⣬ץ˵طŷŮ֮
ȿȡǸȻصϣ׼º󣬰˻һ¡

ʱ
º󣬾ǰ˻ˣ£׼ô
ǺǣʦģһΣͽʧ
Ǿͺá

£ܿȥˣհ˻ʽʼÿһεİ˻Ȼ̫Ű˻ˣһֵʱ
˻˻λ϶ǰۿʮ޹ҲٻһλΪĳϣǸʤ
̫Ű˻˵⣬ڰ˻ĽһЩҲǰۿЩȻһĴЩǹϵ壬Щʵǿɡ
һ磬ѾŻδ㳡ϣԶв˶
ˡһ²
˵ʱ򣬾ͬˮ𣬽кϷˡ
ҵҲ뿴ʵΡ
ǺǣǾͿŰɡ

˿üȺ֮Щ֮棬Ųм֮ЩҲ⣬ʱᣬֱ˹㳡롣
˴ΰ˻ĵλ˽ձԣڴ֮ǰʮ޹Ҳɳһӣбƴİ˻ĵأǰһֱ


1843 ֮
ʱ˲඼ˣЩӴȻģЩʽ΢ߵߣʣµˣʮ֮һ
˻ǰգɶʮ޹ӽᡰ˻񡱣ʤܼ򵥣֮ڣ˭࣬ΪһӰĵ֮ıԡ
˿̣ȸǱߣȸ޵ӶˣĽٰУ޹ӣ޹ˣ⣬һ޹
ٰʲô
ûûʲô
ĽٰԶδӰֱ̫һѣŻعæջĿ⣬˷ˡ
ԴӰǰһǸŵ꣬Ůʱ㲻֪һ㺣Ű˻ܹһЩܹԷˡ
׼ãҪˡ
š
ʱڲǱߣ޵Ҳˣʵ޵ӣȷʵŲ𣬱ϾЩ꣬ռϺõԴ޹и˲żüãһ㣬Ŀǰ޷ġ
ʮ棬һλ˻ĳĹѾ֪лþ֮ڣõ񡣡
£λϺĽڣʮ޹ҲԥֱĸڽС
þأΣأҲԼһЩʮֿµĻޣԽϵĲԽΣգȻҲԽࡣ
ʮ˽УҪͻޣҪˣϾҲǿԴӶԷ
ʱ棬޷ܵļᣬ죬ĵĵӿдԣӰĵڲĵӶԣȴġ
̼ǵϴεİ˻ĵӲϱƣջԷɾһΣȻڣΪܸԤ֮д衣
ˣƺǹҪѿһνһεƣ̱ϴλҪĵӣٴαɾԡսٽκ˵дˣһУ֮УܴùˣǲŽйˡ
ôʱһӣˣһ㳤ҲûУôҷ𣿹
ʱ˼ĵȫˣԣѷǹȥǸ꣬Щ֮ԣȫȻ֮
̫ˡ
δվһԣЩȥˣ˵֮ʱԶȻһҽУֻĵӣܲһ˹ڵϷ˼
һĻºʱһŭʲôûҵ˴ΰ˻ǰ˶ô
ǡ
Ǽӱ˴ñϣæӵŽ͵ҪǴǣǿйҪд衭
֮ºֱָ죬ԶȺҫӣκ޹ĹȻҲܳȥѵĵӡ
ǿ̣벻̣
ʱδͻȻһ·˳ȥסֻһ½ǣԷ䵽±Ⱥ֮С
ӴⲻǲôҲ
ðж٣һϣ²
û˲ǲأҪһʮ
ǲˣһֱһʮ𣿹
ιɶ
ҪϻδڣһӰٿȻžһƣشһϡ
ʦû̹㣬˱Ҫò𣿡
δһҲץˣֱȥ漸һ£漴ӦһȥɾƾΪҲǰ
žžž
δץųǰ죬ֱӼȥ
ιдд裬ʲô
нƣרⲻƣ˼û˵Ҵ򡣡
žžž
δӰ˲ƣһƽһƣҲΧĿɿڴһһƵģ˵ʲôרⲻǴǸ̨ϣ䳤ϵ
ʮӣת˲䣬һͨ죬ȫָӡһĻ޼۾ˡ
Զ̨ϣһ䣬ȥȴ䳤һ½סˣеǻᣬڴʱ
⣬˵ͷǵçײˡһ˵ţһֳδ俴һۣʱȥ˻δ룬Ȼ鷳̨ϣ˶ԷһΪҲʲô⡣
ţ
ߣ
ʮһͨ󣬻δźЦһҪɻߣʮͨӲһŭߣ
ð
δЦһͻȻַ˻˫һˣһɰ˻֮ӿȥ䡱һʱʮúҷ˳ȥǱ
⡭
˶ôˣδһߣǸղŶˣԼұߵġ
㿴ҿ㣬ʱ룬ĵӺ۸ˣǡ
صߺ󣬻δƤͷʦҸղһƴΣ
ҡҡͷ߱紵ҵķ˿ⱾƽСٶѣɴʱ˿Щ̫ͽˣղһƽһƣȫǴ䳤ϡ
ʱʮ޹ӣˣҲ䶨˴׾ӵһܹõʮöȸӵڶõһʮö񣬰׻õʮöڲֻõʮö
˿̲޵ӣ߸˿ȥЩήҲԭõҲ٣ɱߴ󲿷ֱ֣׻һЩʣ¶ʮöѾǲˡ
׻ˣҲô
º׻Ǳ߿˿Ҳ⣬ĵֻҪģ˭˭λжʮöϴεİ˻ȫˡ
߰ɡ
ȻˣҲڴ˶ˣȥ׼յԣǿԶȥӰҲĬĬͷһΣһʧ˰ɣ
һߣ˴õ񣬱Ҫ࣬ʵȻӹɣ֮԰˻˻ҪŴλһʤΪֻʤĻôһĸ֣ǧ䶯λһʤʵǸĻᡣ
һ磬վڴ̨ߣҹߣֱҹҲδɢȥ֮˵ʧҲ̸ϣ֮һУÿյ
δģˣҲԹˣҲ·ĵģǰķȻӦһʶڿ죬ǵʶԺԶĵطһš


1844 ֮
峿ո㳡ѾΧˣ˴Գǩʽ֣δеǩǰ׻ˣҲǽյһ¡
ӣܺá
δߣµһЦ漴߷ȥˣһԣǬ̨δͰ׻Ǭ̨ϱԣºȸڱߵ̨ϱԡ
λˣԷǵ֮ΪѾһЩϣϾܹĵ£Ƕһ۰ĴڣϺԴͻΪԶ֮ͬȻ
׻ˣףһλοӣ֮Уó𡱣ʱһɰ˻ϢʹԿһ㣬ԳܵϢ֮С
ʦãͽ̡
˿̧̧̣֣ûδȳУδҲ˵֮ˣֱһ͸Ǻȥ

˼δ֣һԺԸϢ뷨Ȼû׵ڳˣǧѵһ֮ġ̫ϢǸһĹѰ֮ãҲ޷¶ҪɵϢֱӲڰ˻û˵˭ĺܹԸ׵Ϣ
Ҳ֪δĺ伫亱֮һ˲䣬ԭȵĶ̨ǺȻ콵˪һڱԵ֮һ㺮΢ýˣз󷨣ǵͷüϣҲѸһװ׵ıм
⡭˾һƺЩǵϣĺ
ҲʱɺĲͬѰһ˲չܿͬʱһɳȵϢػ
˾һһɳ֮һɷ֮ףǽǶ̨룬һ𺣣һȴ˪ѩأ̲֮ס档
ºҲû뵽ԭСѾͷز¶Ȼһɿµĺ
ǿϧûκһֺԵסҵİ˻Ϣ
ţڻ˵֮ʱϺȻһ棬˫ͫҲ˽ɫ֡
ǡ˻Ϣ
̨˽һһ˲䣬ܵһɳȵ̨ϲз󷨣˽ľ룬ûܹ˻Ϣĳȡ
ɵأܿѾռ˴̨δĺɳȵϢ£ҲѸڻˡ
һĻĵӾһʦõĺȻӲ׵İ˻ϢӮˡ
ɣ㲻ҵĶ֣ҵĶ֣¡
һ˫ɫͫףлӴ˻棬ʱȥϵһ
˿̿Żδ룬ֳһʮƽţΪҲͼԺԸϢһ⣬󶼱սˡ
šϢкľ֮ʱɣ
δ治ɫ׵ʱѾΪҽˡ£һɸǿİ˻Ϣӿ˳ȥ̨˽һǿİ˻ϢѵĴһֱӲȥ
̨֮ϣλ˻ĳϱ˴˶һۣҡҡͷʾ⾲䣬һΣգʱԻ֡
ڲǱߣǶźʮֽţĬδϺǳһԣױذɣʹǧһİ˻ϢҲвһ֮壬οδ뻹˺̶֮
һʱ䣬ƺҲڷˣǰŮϵĺ򵥣ӿʼڣİ˻ϢѾĲ٣ɶԷɺȴ޾һ㡣
šϵİ˻ϢѾĵòˣôһ޷ǣʲô֮
ڻδ뻰µһ˲䣬һɳ֮ʱΪӿɢ˳ȥһɲǣ̨̨¹㳡ҲͻȻ콵˪㺮˳ȥ
ģ
˽һû뵽̨󷨣޷ɺΪⱻ⺮ˣֻ˳ȥ
ԭգһ̣㳡ϵȴ׹˺һֱ£⵽ʲô˿ֲ
ʱڶ̨ϣ׵İ˻Ϣɳ֮סˣԶ̨ϣ׻һվףţ侹˳֮

׵ֽţܿһ㺮ʹа˻ϢҲסⲻֻǻδ뱾֮ĺҵлź̶֮
飡
һƣδһƽ״˳ȥʱɺֹͣʱ̨ϣһĺ㳡ΧĻľȫһ˪
⡭
֮˲عԭʵ˿£Զǵ
СѾͷصÿ湻
ºҲȫû뵽Էʵǿ֮ǰǿΪˡ


1845 
ʦ֣
׻ĵʱŷӦæǰסףû뵽һԷ壬꺮һһ½˻ȥ˵ֱϣһ˪ֻôһ¶ѡ
׵֮ǿס⳹֮ЩѰӣһ⺮ǲñˣ
δ뿴˪ףָһһ˹ȥһ´ϣԱ߰׻Ӽ״ʲôӮ˻ˣ
δ뵭⿪ϵĺС
⡭
һԣʮӾһʱʦֿȥȻʦϵĺѾֻ࣬ɫЩ԰ס
û£Ҽˡ
׵Ҳ𣬿ŴʱȻվ̨ϵĻδ룬˱ȭǲˣС㡭Ӯˡ
׻ʦ֣á
δҲѧӵģ˱ȭ漴һԾ䵽ߣ˲ֱǸͽЦʦҴòɣ
š
˵ͷƽһ㣬紵ҵͷ˿ţֻǲû뵽Ϊأ˼֣಻֪ΪΣˣڵӱУȷʵһЩΪĳϣֻҲܲסǳ֮ɣ
ף
˿ڰ׻Ǳߣ׻ҲʧܣϾղҲˣɺ򵥣׵İ˻Ϣڴ֡
ʦҡˡ
ؿڣΰ˻Ҫһʤû뵽һͰˣһǲˣȸҲȷʵҲ
ʦã
Ǳߣһ˸߲ң޹ӱ˴˶һۣҲڲôˣǸղſˣдʹ죬˵׻ûкͬˮ𣬿棬׻Ҳûĸˡ
ȺΧδò⣬üЦʲôʦãûûСҽ㡣
Ŷ㣬ѽʱмŮ޹ĵӣŲá
ߣǵȻ
δЦһһҲǫ飬üһ£üŪ۵ʦ㶼һ𣿡
㰡
ҡҡͷʵδһϵ˽ֻǽһ¾ûôˣϱ̨ԶղҲܵˣλȸ˰ˣܸ££»ûжȫʵ
ʱֶ̨Ǳ߷򼲼һӰȴĽֻٰææǬ̨ѾˣʵΣӮˣǰ׻Ӯˣ
ⲻϻԼţ
ԣĽٰ׻Ǳȥ׻ĵһͷɥǱߣüɫ裬ͣ˵ʲôԽΣȻضʡ
Ӯˡ
ĽٰŻδӰȻ˿ֻңңŶԷҲ鲻Խ¶Ц⣬ԶԶŮЦ·ҲС
ιٰʦ磬ɵЦʲôأʦ㶼ˣ㻹Цóʲôأôҿ
ûûʲô
Ľٰæعͷ˷֣Աʦüһʧӣüһ˿ɻ󣺡ոڿǸаŵĲ𣿡
ûûУĽٰæת⣺ʦֻһ㣬Щϧ
㣬ô˵ôܣ
𣿰
Ľٰ̾һ̾ϢҲģԭΪЩʦΪѾ㹻ǿˣû뵽£ȻʤʦһһΪ˿¡
ֶ̨ǱߣһȺʦôӵ£ߵ棬ȸһЦʦãˡ
沢δչΣɵȸǰͷʦӡˡ
ȸûʲô仯϶һ㣬µԶȥӰֻѾ־أܸ֡
ʲô
治ɫ΢΢һ䣬ٴ±ӰȥʱԶһЩ仯־أȻ־ˣ
˵־۷͵־һ֮䣬㲻̫Ű˻ľķˮĻô־أԿķˮˣΪ־أࡱߡޡ
ޣ೤϶δأ¾ȻѾ˵أǿʩչղŲûУѵΪ˽
߰ɡ
ȸ´츳ȷʵǿһӹɣǼʱգ˿һ̽ǰ컯
յһԽˣδ½˽󣬽նԾգ׵֮
һ壬˻ĵڵڶ԰ı۲ºһԣû֮⣬δ׵ıԣȴ˾ȡ
һ³֮붼ñ䣬֪µĶԾ¹˭֣
˵εİ˻ղ˻ʤ䴫˻ʤ
˭ãҿһֱʵֻأʤ˵úܡ
ˣ״Ҳˣ֪ʦʲôΪ˵̫Ű˻ľѾ־ˡ
ôܣ㡭
˭ƭˣꡭСҸ˵ǳԽԶȸ׿˵ģҿδȸῴۣ
ȵȣ־أǡ



1846 
˿һС¥ֻеƻţֽӳһӰ˫֧ãǰǽҹߣ֪ʲô
δ룬û˯𣿡
űߣеƻͨհô๦ӦЪϢǡ
أʦ˯š
δί˽ȥֻǰ˫֧ãίͰ͵ؿԼ
ǰ˻ĵǲҲЩϰߣδҪǻزɣԵʱ
Сҡҡͷ˵һ˻ʼˣͲ뿪˻ĵˡ
ءδίؿȥŰɣҾţߡ
ߣ
δһ߱ӣ˺ð죬źò׽嵽ȥһűӣһ˵´ΪܸߣҹĹ˻Щһʱ㶨Ҫ⡭
ţ֪
δڱֻ¶һ˫۾һֶµͻȻЩ䣬ģ˻ĵôô䰡
ȥһ
˵ţҪδһֽסˣ𡭡ôˣǱȥˡ
㡭
ء
δ쿴һ˹ҡҡͷУǰ˻ĵһ˿á
ߣ
δһߣһŤͷȥˣһԸίҪɶ˯ţͻᡭ๾๾࡭
δ룬˵ʲô
ߣû˵ʲô
δתĵؿһۣԽԽˣһ´ӴҲ˯ˣߣ
ҡҡͷ˻ȥǺñӣǺãˡ
ߣ˯˯Ͳ˯
δڴŤŤȥָŴ㿴㿴ϹŵôôԲû˯ô˯
þ񣬹컹Ҫԡ
ҪҪͲҪ
ڴϣ˸ʱһ¥Ȼһ˭ҹڳ쳳쳳
ۣ
δһס죬˫۾Цã˸ƣС㿴ѱ˶ˡ
ԡ
δ볯ͷ㰲ˣȻ˯˵㽲º˯ɡ
šʲô£

š롣
һܾǰһλ㽫ӡһλѣλѣҲɽųΪ䡭
ٻǽųӦ񣬲Ϊ񣬿ȴʳˡĹ֮ǰʱ͸ҽˡ
š
˵ͷ´ֶκʵȡδϣǵڴԨ棬ƺ˷ֻܴϣĿǰ
ղ㲻㡭ٸҽһ
šá
룬ֵǰֻззÿʮɾ룬зÿֻɾ룬˵˭ܵԶ
δһЦȻз
ŶΪʲô
Ϊзˣôܰ
㰡ͷһ£δűӵвУһ
ţðɡ
룬֮ǰɶ˯Ĺȫ˳ֵǰڴ棬ֻڹ꣬һֻӣһ죬
֪֪ڹӮܵһ˯ˡ
㡭
СʱЩ£粻֪ҽ˶ٻء
ʲô
ûûʲô
ˣδ룬˯ˡ
ء˯˯
δ죬СԹضһԸӣ˰죬㽫ŹԹ˯ˡ
°ҹʱڴ齱ߣȻܵһɺ棬δҲʶض䡭䡭
δ롭
һȥȻ˲䣬ûзϾ˲һ˪
ˡһɲǣʱɣհ춯֮Եʡ
䡭䡭ʦŶ䡭
δ롭δ룡
溲ڣǺã˲ô࣬ԪһˣľתʱóȣȻѸٽסˣδ룬û£ûˡ
ȻʹǾټĴ֮ҲԵֵ֮ɣܿ죬Ѿһ㺮ѪҺ챻סˡ
ǰʱԵδڵɺΪˣȴֵסˣɣԽԽء
δ롭δ룡
ʱѾȫɫδһ˯˻ԣҪ£һδ˯֪£ǷѲ׺ɣ
䡭ʦ䡭䡭ҪߣʦҪߡҪ¾Ŷһˡ
δѾȫʧȥʶֻɵʹ࣬ĥ
δ룬¡
һһΣֻˣñӽ˽һһˣδϵɺԼϾ˹ȻﴦһöħԪ


1847 ˻֮
ħԪǵڼž֮أᣬ£һֱѹڵʬħ˿̣δڵ֮ħԪȻħԪʱѹ
ܿ죬ѾһıмӶ֣ΰʺʹ棬һı˪
һֱʱδɲŽˣĺҲʧˣѾħԪʱסֻõȵ棬ٽͷųȥ
δ룬Щô
ʱеĻδ룬ڲٷˣʹѾ࣬ʹֿ԰ȳ˯ѩڣٻʢʼһˣһֱ
֮壬ǲ棬Ҳǲɸģһҵķ
£Ѿˣδ񾲵ӣǰʱһõΣǴһطıһЩ顣

ȸͰ׻׵ıԣδ뱧Ҳûȥۿ˰ʱ˵Ӯˣ죬ǲ֮
δ룬պЩ𣿡
šû
ʱ򣬻δɫѾ࣬ÿÿ֮ʱʹ࣬ǹ֮󣬾ûһ
˵ҪȻȥ˻˵˵ѱ֮գĵ¸¡
òá
δæҡ֣ʱֱǸĿɰŵûİɣʰ¡

ڵȵ죬δ磬㳡Ѿˣȥͷܶڹ㳡룬һõĽ̨̨Լɣλ󷨡
ڹ㳡׵ĸ̨ϣŰ˻˵λϣӣ߷ǰ˻ĽˣҲһ֮
ϱ߷ĸ̨ϣڵıλԣʱԱһӶϲò衣
ӹǵӵĲյĿȻڽ̨ϣֻ޽ƾնδվһѽĽϣվһѽĽ֮ϣм䣬Ÿжʮɾ롣
쪣£ԭĿ֮ʣɴʱ±ߵȴܲһȣһ˵ĺ䣬֪ͬˮ˲֮λȻ䳤϶Կ
ղߣ޹棬޹ޣһλϣ޵Ķľϣ޵ػϣص޵³ϡºܹˡ
Ǳߣͬ䳤ϣ޵ĳϣʵɲ⣬˫ʱĿţˮݣ㳡ˣܹܵŵա
ڰ֮ǰ˺䴫˾ѾϽ̨ˣѾվ˰ʱ䣬ɵڣְ˻ļλ棬Ȼûһʼ˵Ŀ⣬䳤ȥ
ڲߣĲյһ裬һ룬ʱŵڵʼɡ
ڣλ϶˹һߵ䳤ϿȥȻҪ䳤ʾ⡣
ʼ
䳤£Ҳڴ֣֣˻ĵǼλϣ˿̲ŷ·һһһʱһ㣬Կʼ
µ˲䣬̨֮ϣȻһ磬֮Уֻδһâչ˹ƣУһѺâɽǹŽѩʱ硱
ѩʱĽδʹ¯࣬ʱĽӰȫնȥ
˶ס˺벻һ֣Ľ
Ǻǣˡ⣿
ϮĽ꣬ȴ˿ɣʱֻȫԪһ£⣬һһȫֵ
֮һĻ̨һ֮ƣ鴫
Ľƺ졣
ȻһЦ׺֮ɫ¶ǰĶ֣绨֮ò֮񣬿ȴĽٰϧˡ

ֻһ죬µ֮ʱ˻δ콣ƣһ˲䣬һȥδֻеһɽѹֻսһˣԶ˶ԷĹƷΧ

³ʤ׷Χʱ֮Ӱ֣һ֮Ӱ»δеĽǿҲ
飡
һ죬һǽɫӡ£ʱĳʹ˿̨µˣҲܸܵһ֮ĳذԵδƮ鶯Ӳܿһֻ֮һ컨Ӱ֣㽫С
Ѱ
ĻӰ̨ĿϾӣ±Уһʱҳδ
ǱߣڵʱЦȻֻŮ˲ŻʹϷ
ǡ֮ѡ
ʹ֮У¶мһ˲䣬ֻȫԪһ𣬡䡱һ̨һƾ֮ǿɢĻȻڻɢȥһ˲䣬δһ̵
ʦֵģ
һûʮĵӾһ̨һǡһ
δһȷʵʹʮԵκΣ»г֮ʱ֮裬Ҳǰ֡
ǡĵл
Цһ˻֮һһӿȥδʱػˣ˴һ˳ȥ
Ŷ㣡Ǳߣ޹Ůɳȥʧ˳
δվΣɻδüٴһٿȻƲɵһ˲ٶȹ
ָֻУ͵һ³ץһü죬δ˲һԣ顱һָץʯϣʱʯһ÷飬һץڻδϣҲˡ
һ̨̣˾Щľ˵ֻǱԣƴÿαⷢǻ¿һ绨Ů⽣̨ûɢƮ㣬档


1848 
ʱڲǱߣ˶źȻóδǽʽʮֻ֮ʵ̫ǿʹĹҲ޷ƿµĹƹڰԵδû֮޷Ӳֻ乥֮䡣
˰ʱ䣬̨ҲĿתţ˵µĹȷʵԵû뵽ǣ˵ɣڶԷع£ʵѰ˿ɱȡ
ߡ㻹ܶ˼ʱ
ͻȻ׹¶һ˲䣬֮죬ֻһת˲֮䣬һɫҫ۵Ľ
ǰ˻Ľ
̨˽һ벻¾ȻѾ̫Ű˻ľ˵־۷壬˵Ļʩչ˻Ľ
˻Ľ⡣
Ǳߣʱ˻Ľжǿÿ˶ǳ˵־۷壬ʩչİ˻Ľ˵־أʩչм˻Ľ
ּİ˻Ľǵõ־˻ڳ֮˻û˭ּİ˻Ľ˵ѾǻصĴڣһն
¡¡
죬һɲǣµİ˻ĽѳɣȻ̨涼з󷨣ɴʱ̨µˣҲ̨ܸܵǿֲĽ
ն
ָһİ˻Ľʱͳδնȥ̨Ա֣ʱҲ
š㿪
ºһ˲Ϣİ˻Ľ˿϶̨Ȼδɣɽ̨ô㣿һ뿪̨ˡ
ľһֻ̣δ˫ֲϽӡһ˲䣬Ҳһɻİ˻֮ڳ˳
ǣ
˻һɰ˻֮ѵҲǵ־ôܣŰ꣬ųΪ˰ѣ
¡¡
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Ȼİ˻֮µİ˻Ľһ࣬Ϊʹ޴ɱܣʶ˻Ľɢ̨һĻδʹ˵־İ˻֮Ҳ޷Ӳ
ڣֻǵסɢһְ˻Ľ־İ˻ܹ֮ġ
¡¡
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ôܡ
̳ɢȥȴɫȸǱߣĽٰҲɫɷףղŰһ亹
Ŷ㡭
δɹסĽЩŮʱ۾ǽ̨棬
İ˻ĽҲô
δ뿴Ŷ£ʱĿ¶һӣ̫Ű˻ľȷʵ꣬Ȼٸʱ䣬ſԽǰˣڽ¡
ʱڸ̨֮ϣ˻˵ļλϻŲ־ղǾǵ־İ˻̫֮Ű˻ľ꣬ʱ䣬򵽵־ȥ츳ǱȵϵǼλȥˣ֮ϡôܣ
ǧˣѾǧˣ˻ˣҲû־ǼʱգǱ־ȥ⼸ǧһֱ˥ˣܳһ־ˣƱһתǬ
ƺСˡ
ҲȻû뵽ԷȻĽ̫Ű˻ľ־ȥˣ⵱оʲô⣬츳ôǿǿ츳Ҳܡ
ʱǱߣ䳤ͬɫֻڵ˿ѣЩ꣬Ųһֱ˥ˣҲ⣬Ȼڣ˶в˴һˡ
֮ǰһֱΪĲвڿƺˣǰˣвһô־ʱĲֽصǧǰĶʢһвڡ
׸̨֮ϣλԱߵһѾȼˣһһʱޣյıԾͽδֳʤôֻٱˡ
Ǻǡ
̨֮ϣϺȻ¶һ˿Цһɱ¶ȻҲǰˣɱġ
ȷʵһǿ࣬ϧգҲһ
ڻµ˲䣬㳡֮ϣȻһ磬صҶϣԭգһ̾Ȼܲ
ô¡
˽һΪǳĵӲԣһЩиǰʱѾܹܵǽ̨֮ϣһɽɵϢ
ǡ
˽һϣֻϣȻһѪ⸡֣ͫףҲ𽥱Ѫɫ˫֣۾Ѫ͸
ޣ
˻ĵλϽһ̫Ű˻ľ־һˮ룬һ˵־أ񹦣ֻȡ֮һһΪࡱһΪޡ
񹦣֮࣬໯̫࣬ܹŪʶ˻Ȼռ˾ȴ޼ܷӳ
ޣһһаĸоʵϣ޲аֻ򹦷̫Ե׷츳ǿ֮ˣ׳ԡ
һ϶±ߵޣȻ࣬Զޣٲᷴһ߻ħ
ͬʱޣҲ޷࣬ܵ޵Ӱ죬֮Ҳһ
ǡޣ
ʱ߹㳡˻ĽҲеԾȻҲ֪̫Ű˻˵ޣΪֻ̫࣬˵ޣȴδۼͬʱҲܺ棬Ȼ޵Զǿ࣬Ϊΰ˻˵ˣֻ࣬ޣ
һǻˣʱ̨棬ѾѪ⣬ˣҲѪӳͨ죬Ϲа䣬ǿ񱩵Ϣ籡ʹ̨沼з󷨣˶ܵʱʶԶȥµȻ˼
ˡ
һΣǱߣѾȫɫû־أ벻¾Ȼһ־ˣһޣֻ²
˼⼰ˣȥһˡðɣӮޡ
˿̣Ҳ񲻶ѵ˱ӵδ룿Ȼܣ֪ʹδδҲĻ䣬Ѿó־˵׼ˡ
ղһɲǣܵ䳤Ϻµɱˣ˵δֺ
㳡쪣˶ס˺־صޣһΣҲ޿߹ʮУʮ֮ڣذɣشúһˣͬ³


1849 
㳡Σ׹ŵգ˶޷һɲǣѳɣ˫һ𣬶ʱӿﾡʧȥɫ
˶ס˺֪һ˲䣬֮䣬ʤһ˾޷ٳôΨһֻС
Ŷ㣡
ѱа£һδȥʱǱߣһŮŵʧ˳
һ̣ڳ˶۾ܣ޿ܳסһǰ˻ھǳ֮
ھһĻǶ׸̨֮ϣȻһӵһ㵽˫֣ͣ
һɲǣ·ҲֹˣʱֹͣڰзҶһ̶Ʈ˵ϡ
㳡üȻ˶źһǽ̨֮ϣֻȫѪ֣һǡ޻֡뻨δ벻룬վͣ
عǶ׸̨ȥλҲͷ󺹣ڼԵ¯ϣһҲȼˣһʱ䵽ˣչ涨˫ͣ
Ŷ㡭
ǱߣŮҲĿɿڴ亹乣ղһ˲䣬һļš
㳡£һʱѾˣɼλϣʱȴò⣬һ򱱱߹㳡䳤Ͽȥ˼䳤϶ᡣ
ʱڱ߹㳡ĸ̨ϣֻ䳤Σ֮䣬һ֮Уһе֣
عʱϱ߹㳡ĸ̨ϣҲһٱȡ
һ䳤ֱֳýѭȥ˵֮ˣȻǲˡ
⡭
׸̨ϣλһʱ֮հ˻Ĺһʱ޵֮˫δֳʤôߵͬԼУĻͰ涨ٱȡ
䳤ҪԣȴҪٱȣô˭أ
̨µȻҲóԵĻڲ˶ԣʮֲģٱȣѾˣʱͻȻֹԣʮֲģпɣյıԣһͿء
ڼλϷ֮ʱߴһλ˻ĳϵǾͰմ涨ټԣ˫Ϊֹ
ڳ˾һȻҲλ˻ĳƫǰ˻˵ϲɷΪЩ䳤ϵиǾͻ˹ء
ʱǱߣҲ˿ڽ̨棬¶мδ뿴һۣЦܺãսһƴҲֻӻʱѡ˵գһһӰ̨ȥ

һ죬ȥˣڲֱ֮ҹʱ۲˵ʵԶԶǵԤϣ־أ񹦣û뵽ġ
ʱڰ˻һصֻһʯ̨ϣϥλߣλ˻ĳϣڰ˻ĵܹŰλ˻ĳϣΪɲ⡣
հ죬ҲˡλʦܣھôΣ
׵һλ˻ĳϻʵԱˣȻóʦִʱʵģ£ǸصĲˡ
µΪ츳Ȼǿں󱲵УɳһˣǸˣŲ꣬ȴѽ̫Ű˻ľ˵־ȥֱЩţǼλ棬Ҳˡ
һһλϲŵһսʱҽ뾯裬Ҫ֮ʱɳֹ
š
һҲ˵ͷȻգǶ䳤ϵɱģҲǳһˣвȷʵǷǳģΣϴΰ˻£һнʱλȫϡ
ͬʱС¥滨δһ¾֮ǰڲؾ֮ӡδڵǹɼǿӡˣĻհһսƱֽʧأһʧأ롣
δ룬ҪȻ
Ҫ
δ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲ֪Լ񹦣ȷʵǳ޿ȥӲдһһ񹦴УֻһҲضش
ֻİɣȻԽˣȻԽǴƺˡ

˵ڶ죬㳡ϸһˣ̨棬Ҳλٴμӹ󷨣棬ȻʯЩʯȹ󷨷֮á
δѾ̨ϣյգøӽˣ̨쪣գҲģһ꽫
Ǻǡûôˡ
ϴŲ̵Цݣһϧˣʱ·ѾԷȫʱͣʹģˡ
ȸͰ׻ˣҲͬˣȸŽⳡԣԵģĴ棬Ľٰˡ
յıԣһΪޣʼ
Ŷ׸̨ϣһλϻ£˫һչҽ棬һΣ²κԥһֱӶ񹦣̨棬ʱѪ֣һɿµϢֱ
⡭
ʹռµˣɽٴοǸеһδ飬һδرܶԷĹƣ˿Ӳ
ôֻ𣿡
̨棬죬Ѱ֮ˣһֻµŵֱ̱ˣδ룬ȴ̨˰ʱ䡣
¡¡
ǽ̨棬һѽһѵʯǿ͹ƺ÷飬˿̻δ뻹̨ܽϵ󷨷һʯȫȥʱҲ޴ɱˡ
Ŷ㡭
ǱߣһŮýŲѣѱ亹ʪ͸Ȼʱδ̨飬񣬵һ۾ܿǲòµķâνһʼ˱Ľ֣һδֻҪһεʧ󣬱һУضشذɣ
ߡ㻹ӣ
ͻȻһ޻ִѪӳһѪӡ޻ִУƾٸߵΪҲضϹ̨ۣ޲ľﻹǱԣɱʽֱƳ
䣡
һ죬һǻִδһ˲ܳȥֻ룬һ㣬㱻С
ֻһ㡭ȸǱߣĽٰɫһ±ɷףһδʵľ
׸̨ϣλ˻ĳϽڣûǳֵʱ򣬿ǣµԽԽ񱩣˵֮ʱʱü


1850 ǧ˿
˿̣δ߰ɾ룬źһ£ȻҲܸܳ˵񹦣ѾԽԽֲԽԽǿԳܲסκһ£Խˣ񹦵ͱضԽԣҳ˵
ʮ֮ڣ㣡
˫ѾѪ죬ɱҲɣٴιһ˲䣬δҵˡ
ţģ
һΣҲ̲ס˳һ´У԰ҲͰˣɻδһΪֻҲˣ
£
ʱػϺȻվǰ·ֳָ˵һĻҲ⽣̨֮ϣʱĲˣһΪϣǱ£ȥһģ
¡
һ죬̨һʱ̹һɲǣδȴʩչ￴´еģֻµһӰ
һ˲䣬ָֻһһ˿΢ɼȻ±ϴȥ̡һһ˿εƺ˶Էڡ
̨µˣȴδֻ֣ΪΪڳֹֻĹڴʱ¶ԣʵ̫ˣ۲
תȻҲûз֣ղһ˿дڵΨǱߣ䳤Ϻ⼸λƺһЩߡ
ȸǱߣ˼˵Ĺ˿ЧҲɫһ䣬ΨȸʼƽƽڸղûпߣͲö֪ˡ
ߡֻ㱾ô
ٶȹδղǰ㣬֮˲䣬һ˿˶ԷڣöԷȻ
һĻ̨˿Ĺ޷κ˺ĹǱߣλȴԽԽˣŮӡʲô
ܡ֪Ĺ޷κ˺֮ΪλҪðճֹЩ˵ȥ
ֳ˽ʱ䣬һʱѾ쵽ˣȴʤδ֣¯棬Ѿȼλ϶ͷϣһ亹
䣡䣡䣡
̨֮ϣоʯѱȫȥҲ˺Щôȥֻ̨Ҫȥˣ֮ȷʵܵ
ʮѹˣһվ̨ϡ
δһһ۶ϵʯ棬˫Ѫ죬Ұһݺݵ
˻ӣʲôб£һСͳҲҰ޵ŭһ̨µˣЩ
һΣҿӣȰ
ͻȻ䣬·һҰްĳһ˲䣬ֻͻȻ࣬͡һϵҲŵ÷飬¶Ұһ̬

һɲǣ˫֮УѪ͸ϾҲȼһɿֱֲ˷ȥ̨÷飡
¡
һΣλҲɫ˻λϸǿóʱ½ת˼ޣܳܵļޣܷɣ
Ŷ
һֱȸʱҲݣĲյص֪ҪܷɣǡҪˡ
ԱߣѾµʵ죬һʼͶˣֻԼ߲С

ҰްĿ˻ĵֻһԾ𣬴ֲĹƣ˿أһδ빥ȥ
ʽһʽ޿ɣ
һʽƻأһɲǼ䣬ƽһ㣬ķԪΪãʹδ֮䣬Ҳӣ
¡һδվ֮ΪģʱѿѺ̨ۣʯɣһƥ֮ȫסҲ޷ܣȻǱ֣֮
⡭
Ǳߣλͬʱվķս֮ˣһҲͬʱλվ
һ㡭һ㵽ˣ
һ̣罫¯֮УһǻҲˣһȼʱ䵽
ʱ䵽˫֣ͣ
λ޶ȵĴ˳ȥص㳡ȴȫȻûһ㣬ǲأһδȥȥɣһҪɱ˶ԷﻹǱԣ
ʱѵ¡ס֣
һɲǣλ˻ĳվҪ־ˣǱߣҲһ˲վɾ䲻ݷһɲǣ㳡ͻȻֻǽ̨棬ԭ͵Ĺƣȴھ뻨δ뻹֮ңʱͻȻͣ
ô¡
һ̣˶ˣֻУǱδ빥ȥƣʱϣȴ¶һʹ֮ɫδ̧˫֣ʮָڲʲôȻʹ޷ˡ

¶ʱɫһףҲ˹һ£쪣ʱ˲ڿϣǧ˿һϸ˿͸
һ˿˿һ΢ɼϸ˿һδٿţ˿̵£ǣľżһڻδ֮£Ҳ޷
ô£
˶ˣ˸ɫ䣬ôܣôܣȻղʩչ޿֮ʱ¶ôܣѵһʼ
ʱ˲뵽֮ǰһһУ´ȥɲκһ˿˺ȴȻðռ֣ѵһ¾ѾˣһȻ
⡮ǧ˿ơζΡ
˿̣δǧ˿ֻһʱܴݻȫ
㡭
ɫɷףʱκζٶٿ죬ҲԿ첻Էʱǧ˿ƣ
Ҳ벻˶أ˳뻯ľ磬Ϣڴһһٻǧ˿ƣ¼µĶһ㣬ݷȫÿһһƱһ˲䣬߻ȫٵһΪ
ԭˡ
һ̨̣µҲˣֻǺ˸ţܹõ˵Ƿ켫ľ磡ܣڳˣһܹˣ˭ã˳뻯˿׼Էÿһ
ܣ޿ܡ
뵽˾ȫλһ±ɫǾţ˿ˣǾ֮ⷽˣҲܶյ˾׼
δ롭
ղҲһ亹ֱʱŻδãܼȻԼ֮ӡǹɼǿãȴ˿ֻܹˣ޵ڶܹʩչóžǧ˿ơ
ʵδܹ֮˳ʩչǧ˿ơҲΪµ̫ԽȻԽ󣬿ҲԽԽԷ࣬δܹ׼ڶԷǧ˿ˡ


1851 棡
Ȼ
̨ķţԭΪⳡذɣúһͬ³µǰһֻСûκη֮ڿһֻţҧͷǵʵ
㡭
亹Ҷһ£ʱвʣҲŭָӵȫ֯һ
ң
δ뿴һ̣ȫ˸ˣ쵽ڣ̨֮ʱܸһֹԹͽܵĸоһͷ˳С¹Ǵ˿̣ǴǰǸǸֻҪţͻ鲻Խһµħ̹
ղšҪɱң
ʱ䵭Ļ˾˹һֻ˳˳С¹ʱ񣬾ֺµĸо

µƺûʶʱѾ֣һʼͰѻδ뵱һֻ˳С¹һ
Բ뵽ԷҪɱҪһΪκһ˿˼ɣԷûнʦ˭ħĵ۵Ů
Ȼˣȥɡ
˶û뵽һֻ̣δ˫һ̧Ҫ⡰ǧ˿ơսȫһɲǣҲڱɫڳ֮˸޲¶ɫθң
βң
ס֣
䲻ݷһ˲֮ʣ䳤һƱ㳯δ˹ǰ˵һΪ
һ֮ǵУѾ̤̫徳ĳϣӲһƵĻҲҪýϹ۲ɣ
ȫˣλ˻ĳҲûϵ䳤Ϊһ֮ᳯһ󱲳֣Щ˸סˣû뵽ͻһĻͷǰ
䳤ϵӰת˲Ҳͬһ˲䣬ϱ߸̨ϣһӰ
䳤ϵ̫ǿԶ¿ɱȣɲʩչ˼£һ˲ִƷһˣδץ˻һǡľ䳤һӭȥ
䡪
ϵһ˲䣬̨ʱķѣȻʱ쳾̹һɿֱֲ֮˷ӿɢȥǸһУ÷顣
Һøгϲ²󷨣һ֮£룬ɼˣڳ֮ˣҲ޲ǱһˣһЩΪе͵ĵӣѪӿֹ
Ǹɢȥֻ䳤նţһһƣδջδ뻤󣬴ʱ΢΢תͷû°ɣ
ûû¡
δҲƲŻʱǰ棬һִδйİȫ֮УֻҪڣʲôˡ
˶ĿɿڴΧǽһƬȫĽ̨ʯϣȻţǸγһɼǿûκܹ

ڳˣȸǰ׻߰˻ˣǲλϣһĻסˣڴ֮ǰǶ֪λ²ΪΣߣܹΪڻõ˵ܹ䳤һƽ£˵ΪΣ
ޱ𺳣˻ûмܺ䳤࿹ģ䳤֮нһ컯ǿǧضǰᣬһ
˵Ȼ֪ҲʱϵۣǺεԶʹ۵Ѿӡ˾
䳤һƣȷʵԵûֵۣۣʱҲѾҲֻŲߣܹѡ
쪣䳤û˿ջ˼عͷ䳤Ͻڴˣһӳ֣δЩʰɡ
ŴһҲͻȻѹһղ䳤һƣҪǲʱֹֻ´ʱλѾ˰ɣ
ǡ
ʱԶһЦֻȸŲյĽ̨һۣ䣬һƣҪˣɱˣ
£һ仰ʵģڳ֮˾һĿ¶ɫؿ䳤ϣˡ䳤ϸղŽϵɱȫסˣû˲ɱǸղһ֮ǿֻΪ£ȡ˵
һ£ձøӽˣλϾɫɷף飬ȻЩ֪룬һ߲ڴһλ˻ĳϵλְɣӼһԣλ֣
Ϊʱһλ˻ĳվˣˣôҲüþˣ˴˶и̨£ϵãԣ޳ع˼
⡭
ˣһ£Ȼûڰ˻ˣҲ֪ĲһˮݣǰҲᣬǵˡ
λס֣ǰ˻ĵݲλ
ʱһλ˻ĳǰһϵӣɾȻҲûã˻ĳϣȻֹסˡ
ǡ
Ȼ˻ĵλҲû뵽һ겻˾ȻѾԹ֮ѾȻڴ˽ˣպ˽Ҫƴһʱúֻ̫صЩ˵⣡
ߡ
ͻȻ䣬ֻ䳤һһ͵ȥһ˲䣬ȴȫһɽ֣һ¾ǿ࣬Χʯɣ˶ŵȥµȻ˵ǡ
ͬʱҲԴƷδ͵˺ȥģһȵĲ֮
𡪡
֮ϣӰƣһĻԶ˶ˣȻ䳤ƽµʵ

Ҳû뵽Ȼǿʵѵںڵ֮Ԩɽһǣ
ľϡػϡºһ֮ˣ˲ʵǲ֪֪λص֮
ˣȫ˺󡣡
λ˻ĳ֪Ѿֹˣ˱ضҪֻ֣ΧѾȥ٣ЩֻܷǵΪܷס䳤Ϊ
ˣ˺󣡡
˻˵ĳԶȥͬʱҲڸ˽磬Էֹ˵ٰ˻ĵ
ߣ
˿䳤Ҳû˹˼ɣһɿֲʱΪӿɢ˳ʹԶҲܸܵõɿµϢ
Ϣͬ˲һأ˻굴㡣
ڳ棬ֻлδɫɷףǳ䳤ϵΪԶ֮ϣ֮ԻţΪղһ˲䣬Ѿ˶ȥĻֻ¡
¡¡
ʱԭͻ谵գһ̸ܲǾ֮ϣг𣬶Ѱף
ˡ
δɫһ䣬Ȼ뷢飬Ҫˣ˴ùݷʬħڱˡ


1852 
һ̣˻ĵϿ֣֮ϸ˽֮ʱ֮䣬Ȼһƹ֮
ˡˡ
ˡˡ
һ֮ػصÿ˵Ķߡ
⣬ǡ
ͻȻĹ˽һ޲¶֮ɫ֮
⡭һɲǣʱʬħʬħҪˣ
ţ
һ˲䣬ȸͰ׻Լ˻˵ļλ˻ĳϣƺҲ֮ԴĿͬʱϡ
ߡ
䳤ȻҲ쳣һߣһӿֻӲʱѾԽԽ죬ܹоʬħҪħԪķӡ
СԲʬħԲð˻κһ˷ڵʬħ飬Ȼ飬йء
飬ѾЩͷðžһ֮գȥֻ̫صҪҵܱܿ霣ҲǴ˿̴ڵʬħ
길ƴֻ̫صڵʬħûκ֪
ΪΣΪε길Ҫʬħӡڣֻ֪֪ʬħӡ£ð˻κһ֪ˡ
ˡˡˡ
ԽԽңʧأһɲǣľػºλϣͻȻһޣ
˲󷨣ǿۺϳһͬʱ䳤ϳȥ¡һһ£㳡һ䳤ڴʱ޳£ҲȻһ

ԶЩϼ޵˾ȻһˣʱҪǰȴЩǣһ˫Ҷһֻ½հ˻ĵҪ˲ˡ
˺󣡡
䳤һȣЩǰȫ˻ȥһ˲䣬ֻȫһ⣬ΧʱǸΪģȻһ֮Ӱ
֮ɽ
һĻڳ֮޲¶ɫ䳤ϵġɽûƵˣʹǲҲУ

ޣλϣһɲҲ˼ޣĲɽʵڳ˺ȻҲȫ޷Էֺ˵ǣϲҲ⡰ɽ
ߡƾǣ
䳤˫һһɿֱֲ֮ӳ˹˱ƵһˣʹԲ󷨣˿̾Ҳֵס
һ˲䣬ϲƺȻһǰͳһ֮ǰʬħصʯԱƷ˳ȥ
ԡ
Զȸƺһ˲ʱľϵ˷ӦٲԥԽޣһƣ͵س˹ȥ
䡪
һ죬㳡һ䳤ϵǵ֮ӰʱѿѺۣһ˲䣬Ȼ飬ˣ˳ȥ

˽ԲţҲסˣôܣ䳤ϵĲɽˡ
飡飡飡
һɷ֮Ҳľ˽Ա󵹷˳ȥһΣһҲվȣֻһʱһѪҪӿȴǿи˻ȥ

ֳһƬң˻ܣδҲһ˲ס
û¡
ϢѾȫˣղһ˲䣬һִоʦֽ֧顣
䳤ϵʵ̫ǿˣȻ˶ԷĲɽɷ֮ҲСһȭڼӲʯͷϣȻʯͷˣȭͷҲѪˣľ˶˻ȥѳ
쪣س̣ãһ㣬ǹ㳡һƬǽ壬ʵţղһĻ䳤ϲɽȻòˣȻȥƺҲ˲Сķˡ
ʦ
¼ǰ䳤ϣţĲȻʵܹʦ⣬ǿʦġɽȻҲض˼صķˡ
ʱ䳤ؿڵ֣ȥĿȴϣղǹʲôǿҵһѹȸС
ʱԶȸҲɻ֮ɫϵĺѾɢˣ֮ҲʧˣղǹϢһţֻж̶һɲǣǾԲǴǾʲô
棬˴˿ҲĬ֮ǰֻţŴ˴εĲǸ޾֮ˣû뵽ĺʹȫһģһˡ
ą̃ǼϲŻǰǽһƬһʱЩ֪룬˭Ҳûϵô
ʱǸ̨Ͽȥ䣬ƽƽѾλϣӦΣ
Ŵһˣ˻ûнڽ̨ѻ٣ô㣿ƽ֣ǲӮˣ˵ٱȣٱȣЩܰɣߵĵնˡ
⡭
λϿǱȥĽ̨һʱҲЩΪѣôж˭ʤ˭ղһʱ޵ʱ˫ûͣ֡
ǡ
ʱº˳Ц⻹𣿸ղѵû˿Ҫ˭˭˭ͻȻ֣˭˭˭˭˭˭ûˣ˵˭ʤ˭
һλϿЦſ˿˵³ϣ˭˭˭ģ㵽˵˭أŪôͿġ
ºʱû˼˵ЦȻ˵˭ѵû˿𣿻˵ҪװͿ˭ʤʤλϣﵱһû𣿡
⡭
ȻղŵıԣӮˣȻͻʣһУ˶ǿģҪ䳤ͻȻֻ֣ڣѾǸˡ
λϴʱΪѣҲƫǸղŵıԽһʱ֮ģһʱڣȻΪѡ
ߵս̨ѻ٣ΣҪٱȣĳԵ㵽סԣºȥЦ£㻹Ǹ˲㻹ҪҪ
˵ʲô
˵ʲô
ºͷһЦһĿȻñ䣬ָһʱ޵ʱ򣬼λ϶Ѿͣ㵱ʱͣƺδ֣ͣȻˣҪȥڣˣͲˣ㻹ٷһ𣡡
㣡
һʱԣԭЩɷ׵ӣʱǵͨ죬ΧҲѾǳףһԽǲӮˣټ˵ȥҲûж塣
£¡
ʦ
£
ǡʱʦӣҲٶԣֻȥ
ʦ֡
߿
ѻ⣬öԷԼڣֻ޲ãԷﵱʡ
ձԣʤ
ʱ洫һλ˻ĳϵǰ߼λϲٶ˵ʲôĬĬȥλ˻ĳǰ䳤ϿȥڽձԽ𣿡
ûС
䳤ͳĿȻϣյıԽˣ飬ԶԶûн
ԽȻѳҾͲˣиǣˣߡ
һ˵㳡ȥˣʱڵҲþһطϢܻԺ²谭


1853 
Ųˣ㳡ȥˣ̨ϼλ˻ĳ϶ĬȻ㳡صǽ壬һ˾㵵Ŀ⡣

ҹ˻ĵУλ϶һԣڷ·ԸڼǰԲض˵ˣ츳컯Ѱ˿ɱȡڣɻ󲻽ģǲ
ʱǹֻһ˲䣬Ȼûˣǣʱܵ˰ɣãһ˲Żڣͬʱ⼸˿ȥ
һ˵ǹǴӲϴģвڣҵ޷ȥӣ಻֪ǹԴںΣܹĲɽǾ;򵥡
᲻ǡ
ʱһλµĳ˵ʲôȴüͷֹߵĻ˻ȥ
ɽϣ˵ʲô˵޷ֻҼˡ
ʱ⼸ˣȥһżɿüͷ˵꣬һðȥֻ̫صҪȡ
⡭
Լ֮£˾һ֮£޼֪飬ǣ֪Ҳࡣ
һһλµĳϲŻ˵ֻǱֻ̫صҪҵʼնû˼Ҳ֪ʲôһжֻǲ²⣬֮ʱҲδ˽Ϣδ͸¶йκһֱ֣ôȥˣߣͻȻ
ɽϣղŵ˼Īָϴȥֻ̫صҪҵϣ
˿̣һλΪɽĳϿȥʵ
³ϵǵڵڣ˵նʧˡλУмֿŶȣ
⡭
⼸λ϶ϸϸ˼Ҫ˵ֿŶȣ˵Էӣʲôа֮ˣ˵Ҳûѣлǣһ飬һ֪顣
λȷʵš
ʱλīɫ۵ĳͻȻ˵⼸˶ȥҹϣ˻ν⣿
λī۳ۺ룬˵ҹ䣬뵱ȥʱЩԲϣϲм䡭ӦǻһŶԣ˵ߣһֱڵĳ֡
ʲô
Ŵԣ±߼˸ɻ֮ɫҹϴ˿ԣǵ˻ĵϣλΪβʵ˵ʹ˵ʵ飬Ҳûʲôɣ
˿̣ϼ˶˳˼һУô£ĲΪβ˰Ϣذ˻ˣֻ̫صʲôΪҪһУصأ֮ʱ͸¶֡УΪʲô
һ·һ˵ǡҹϣ㿴£Ҫ棬λ̫ϳ𣿡
ʱáī۳Ŀ⣬±߼ˣҲ֪ʱ﾿ʲô

֮󣬲ؾɹŨٻƽȪӿˮΪ¶
⼸գؾϢδһֱ˹ֱ֮ʱϢƽ
Щ𣿡˿̣δɫתǹĵʵ
š࣬ûˡ
һԺֻ죬ȷʵգʬħһͻƷӡˣʱһ˲䣬ʬħϢȻΪȸЩΪ֮˲ˣãֻǶ̶һŵ˲䡣
ڣȻѾ˻˼λϵľҲֻúòסʬħϢɣ˲
δΪȻ
죬ûжȫ
ûжȫδ벻üͷһ壬˵ĪҲʲô˼ɣ
š
˵ͷ˿Ժ棬ֻʱĻ棬Ųߣ޷Ϊͬ䳤ϴߣҲ޷ԷΪܹоʱ䳤ϱȻҲĳּɵûоȫ
ܹɵģȻһ㡭δ˵š
š
˵ͷֵˣ飬ʱȲˣ˴ΰ˻λһУ޳Ϻϴڡ
˵˴عͷδ̫Ű˻ľδ̣˴һ£㹮һΪ
飬ȫͲλȥؾרδ빮̫Ű˻ľ
Ȼδ츳ˣô˴㽫̫Ű˻ľ˵־ȥÿһأδ̣˶̫Ű˻ľò٣ҪĻȹ̣谭
棬ڴ˴ΰ˻棬չֳķǷʵܹ䳤Ϸͥ񣬻˶ԷĲɽ˻Ҳ˸СҲû˸ҽһ޾ˡ
һ£֮ʱδϸֳһ㵭⣬Ϊһǰ࣬ҲЩһ컯ֱ˵Ƕ컯ˣд󲿷֣Ŷãûκܱȡ
ؾʵ̫ˣԣһգԵֹüգδô˴һտɱȱʮա
δ룬ǳȥɡ
ţ
ڻصȥϣģֲ֪ʲôȥˣ๬ţ㳡Ҳ
Щӣò͵ȥ˰ɣ
δˣ˫ü΢ܿ˿˵˵ҪʲôɽϣǶȥ˰ɡĴ߿
һһֻ֣һҶϵҶҲήˣһ㻺Ʈ䵽˵ϡ
£ļչôҶȫήˡ
⸽ĲľŸǰ֮ȴĺʱһˣ
δ룬ߣȥ𴦿
˼ӿ첽طߣȴֹ֣Ǹղһ֣طĲľǰήˡ
ѷ
δӦʮ񣬴ʱβǰʱ֪ƺϡࡣ
ѷ˵󷨣ѵǡδ룬ߣȥط
һ̣ͻȻ뵽ʲô뻨δȥˣһ޹ɽϣȻҲǲľ㣬ô£
㣬ôͻȻˣʲôʱؾġ
ºӹ˳ֿ˿⸽Ĳľüʵô£ôݲݣȫήˣ
⣬⡭
º˿ΧήĲľǵܣ͵ڴɡ
ƨδѷ
٣СѾͷô˵أ
ߺߣǡ
δ˫ǰͷһºȥȻĸӦ绨δ룬Ҳᵽʲôֲ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ţߣȥ޹
ºһ˵ţһ˳ȥºһҪȥ޹ôԶȥʲô
ûٶԣŻδ룬޹ǱȥˣºʧӰһ湬Ż߳һīµӣ飬ڻǱˡǺǡ


1854 
Ƭ̺ͻδһɽϣ¸Ʈ죬Ȼǣ΢ͨʶʹۣʹ˲Σգ˴ǲһޣǲʤأ޹ڡ
޹Ϊǧ֣ǧǧڣǶľڣʱͻδ٣ǶľڵȣһС
ͻٽ޹ܿ죬ƮеǰӭӣʮòµŮٽ޹Ƕʮȡ
з£Ȫ飬һ֮󣬿Щ֮أҲлݿή
գͻȻˣ
ͻȻǰܿ죬б߰λӭ˳⼸λϣЩĵӣŲˣҲ׷ǰΧۡ
ϡϣ
޹ĵӺ飬˿̶һЩŮ͵͵һλʷĲ
ǲ𣿡
һ㶼ϰ
ˣǲ𣿡
Զߴߴ˵ţߣ˿ľϵӰǰλȵĳʵľϴ˿̺ڣ
ľϡ
ŶԷѰҶľϣλ϶Щԥʮ񣬹һһ˲Ź˵ľڹȣʲô𣿡
ѲƸǻΰ˻棬˶Ŀ࿴˻˸
޷ղž֮ʱָ쳣ʶ
ԭˣ롭
£ɼλȵĳϴڹȶȥʱպöľϴΧ˿˴֮͸ʵľϣ󷨣죿
ôˡ
ľû뵽ͻȻӲؾʱǰ˵ЩɶҸղšȥӹһ¡
Ŷ
ڹ˵ľϿɷҽȥ
⡭
ľϿ˿ʵա£
û£ֻǡ·ָЩȣԹ
⡭ðɡ
ڹǽڣǾʹֹֻͻδ룬ľλȥˣȵʱֻɣ⸽ȴвľή֮
ľϣô£˫ָľϿȥʵ
⡭
ľϿǰ֮һʱҲ֪οڣ˺һԱһλϲɬصҵǡ֪ǴӶǰʼҲ֪һ꣬ؽ𽥿ʼ˥ˡҵʵҲԭڡ
˥ˡ
δһǰɽȣ˲ôãȻҲ̽ؽʮ֮ǿԵ޹˥أ
һ̣ɵ𵱳ɱžʱȥ󡰻Ҷӡʱ˥ˣпݽߵΣգΪڵѺۣҪ޸
ؽö˶˵ģκ⣬ô˥أ˵ȥ
˴£ȴû˵κһ䡣
ļ˿ȥǼ˲ֱĿ⣬Ψжľϴʱǰɪ֮˵£ұǴ㣬ȹʱ䣬ٸߵġ
Ҳգ£һȥһϡȥȥˣҲ޹޹һ
ص壬ȴδҵѯʺ˵һȥ˲ġҶȡڰ˻û

Ǳߵ󷨣Ҫȹ̡ȵȣߵ󷨣Ǳ߲¡
ɽȷҶƻ𣬴ʱһָһЩӲ󣬴Լİٸӣʱ۵ͷ󺹡
ϣ󷨣Ƴ֮󣬻ʹɢҪȻɡ
У赲󷨵볷
ǣ⡭ðɡ
ϣ󷨣ʲô
ʱ洫һתȥֻͻδ
㣬ʲôʱġȻЩȣǴʱˣҲͣ
˿󷨣˵ٲǲǴ㣬ؽȫۼؾ
㡭
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Χ˿ǰѹ£һͷ˵
ȵȡ
δ뿴ΧЩ󷨣мٸ۵ͷ󺹵ĵӣһ̣ɫҲ쳣˵ؾԭǡط۹ģֲЩطϡ
⡭
һʱ䣬ҲɬĲؾ㣬ҪǴӺܶǰʼؽһֱ˥ˣڵάֲؾ
ʱҲһ϶֮ɫ˵㲻Ҫûи£һֱӶǵڲѾʣˣֻܱ֤ؾ˥
ǡ
أδҲˣΪβؾʼ棬ܹڶ̶̰ʱͽ̫Ű˻ľ־ԭˡ
ǣÿһطһؾ˲ܱ֤ؾ˥֤ܹطȴ˥ˣʹ޷ټȥڴȱһ״̬ջᵼΪˡ
˿ڵӶͷǣòŵȻȥɡ
ǡһ̧ͷ˵Ǳ߻мδȹ̣ڡ
ȥɡ
ǡ
ٸӣ½½뿪ҶȣһòŵҸʱ˵ҲҪ飬ȥؾʱʹˡ
⡭
˵ʲôֻ̾ͷĬһ̧ͷЩ˵Ŀɬֻˣܱؾ˥
δˣȴΪҺϣ޷ˣΪ˵ķա
ȵȣ㡭ոճơ
Щֵؿδһ·ӦԼ˵©ˣôˣʦҳƺϣʲô𣿡
ûûС
ĬĬͷȥˣ£һȥ룬֮Щ󷨣ȳ

һʮּžԺ棬ǽհ죬ҶȵΡ
ʱΣ¹һȷʵЩʧڣЩӣΪòؾ˥ÿŬطͨ󷨣ȫ۵˲ؾԼȴ޷ˡ
֮㡣֮࡭
һطѾˣȴЩΪãδؾȻ£ʼ֪顣
֪ˣǾͱȻҪֹϼȥѪк
ણણડ
ĽŲ洫ֻδ˽һߣһֹʲô̫ɶˣ˲󲿷ڲô˥ˡ
Ѿ˵ϣ̧ͷ䳤ڱ󵷹ûϵܿ졭
˵ȥĻδ룬ʶڱŪģ
㡭
δһ£˺һСصԭ㶼֪ˡ
հ֮ʱȥ̽˲帽ֱҹʱŻܲؽֽţ
ֻ˵ԺͽķգԸողûеʵ飬ʱڸǹȥû뵽ԭԷ֪ˡ
һվ̨ȥŴҹɫĬòŵǧǰ˭жԲؽֽţ⼸ǧ˲
֮󣬻δҲܹǧð˻˵˲˵ֶΣȻʮ
ڲ˥ߣΪӶҲԭֻΪȻݽߣֶΣˣĿľΪΣ


1855 ʥ
ҹϰϰӴ˽վڴ̨ߣҹɫǣңɼҹա
˿̣δ˵ǧǰؽͱ˰жֽţ²⼸ǧһһ˥ˣһһʧֲǿĲá
˴ټ˵ȥˣֻ̾ǻ飬ȻҲһЩ˽⣬벻̫Ű˻˵Ĳĵǿģ㣬ҪˣΣ˵
һֿڵֻʧҲͰˣҿ취һЩ˥ˡ
˵˴ü˥ˣǾͺ鷳ˣڷÿ˶ÿ˵ˣʢģȨ󣬶˥ģһӶԷΪͷؤ
ˣҪȷЩ˵ˣΪҪһ֮ȫ˥֮ʱ֮ͨˣܹ˵Ľ֣һǱġ
̧ͷīһĲ񷣬˥л֮˥ˣһ˫֣ͨҲġܹ׸ڡ
һſʵδ룬ܹµǧǰǺ˶Բֽţ
δ룬üͷҲ̫ȷصѵǡ
Ȼҡҡͷȷʵͬˮ𣬵δҲͬˮ𣬿һΪûôı¡
ǡ
δüһٴοڵѵֻ̫صһܹǱֻ̫صֻ̫ص᲻ҲǱ˻ˣ
Ȼ̧ͷīɫԣ˵ҲδûܣΪ
Ϊʲô
δͻȻ˵ˣֻϣһɲǣҲȻ뵽ʲôɵȫ΢΢һ
⡣
һ̣˿Уͬʱĸ֡
Ǿˡ
δʵţǾˣǱȻһλѾ̤뷽֮ˣǺˣҪԲ˼ù£Ŀ־ΪΣ
ҹ죬ãתһֻڻδϣ˵δ룬飬ѰһΣʱŲ߻ذ˻ˣܶ򵥡
ǡ
һ˵ʵδҲܸоóûô򵥣꣬һȥֻ̫صҪҵЩ˶׷ɱ
Уֻǣ浽һ޷飬ڣѾģҲԳֻܡ֮ϣܿŵһС
˭ڱݣ࣬ᱻڳ֮¡
̧ͷڲ׵ҹգԺ棬ֿξһĻĸƴԼ
һᣬҳ
á
һ̣δҲüᶨΣҪҳ̣࣬ôװȥ
ǰΣǲؽգ˶ѰڣδĸӦѰҪȵĿĵѰң׶ˡ
һ磬˴ͻȻңһɲĸоͻȻӿͷδȻ죬ʵôˣ
ϴŲߣһɫ仯δôܣֲܷˣ
죬ˡ
֣еδʱӣ֪鲻С֮ǰ뿪ʱδ·֪ڳʲô£ʵʲô£
֪Щء
ָһ̫ѨϣȻʹǽ֮ʶ޷ͨķ֪ʱʧȥϵֻмֿܣڵӦ츽ܵһɼǿĻš
δźԾȥʱӦɹãȻûн
ǡӦ𣿡
š
ã۾ʱ޷ӦϾһãһԶмܵʲô谭ϵϵ
ô졭
δҲɵýôãҲûȥķ뱾ͻȻʧȥϵᵣºǡ
а취
侲Ȼڲ֪쾿ʲôġʶһ취ȡϵ

ʱ⣬ϹŽѾκҲԿ棬һҲѾ
ʥĪǵ棬Ҫˣ𣿡
ʱһ棬ٿֲӰһʱ˿ֻţҺһ㼫ǿϹŽƣκ˶ʱҲͻƽ
ڤλղҪ˴ߣʹͬô
ʱӰҲ£Ǽ֣ԭŵģɻһЩ
˿ֻ̣˫ָ󣬼׷ȻֻһȴʣǵǸ֮
Ŷ㡭󣬵⣬ԪһȻû͸
촫˽һɲǣ˶ܵˣһɿµĻϢ


1856 °ҹ
ʱˣ֮һڤĲ»ʥӱץߣȥȿӣòɱȴ硰벶ȸںһĳˡ
˿̣ǻǵʮǰʱΪԶڣʱĲ£ҲֻǶԷһССԪѣɼˣʱҲǾһսƴšͬھķԡֻؽֶΣ˶ԷһԪ
ɵʱԼҲش飬𣬺ǿӵˣȥɽʹӺķһʱ䣬ֶͨΣɽʮֽȻ˻
һΣҲӵһΪʱʮ֮ڸպ뻻ģɵʱδҵǿŶһ޶Ĳ֮ģֻڵĺʱѹסķɣʩչ
񣬺ɢܼѹסȫȻһΪټϹ
ЩΣվֻα겻αҲǳ˵Ļҵһһ޶Ĳ֮ģգʹٸߵΪһ
Ѿȥʮ꣬ɵһУһһڤĴʥ֮һһԪʹѵУǰ죬Ǹܵˡ
ڴ˿̣ϹŽƣƣϹʱڣ£κҲֺ˵ǿͻƽǿͻ˽ʱԷҲѻ𣬱شǲپд˿в
Ĳ£صʮǰ⣬»ʥһԪʱʮ꣬ôڻָô
ԣӽһԭʶǰˣʮǰͽˡ
ʱ棬һۣɫ˪ÿÿ뵽飬ͺ޲ýСʬΡ
ʱҲûԷܱƵáĻɷһԪԪҲ˴ˣֱô꣬ƲŻָΪˣڵΪ磬һ㡣
ʱڲԣһ۵ˣ˿ȥһλǰҹʥ˰ɣڤĴʥλǡĳССһ졣
ڤĴʥ˿ĵӣ޲¶˾ɫˣĺ˻ģڤλʥ
ڤĻʥֱǲ»ʥҹʥʥʥǵʥվڲԵģǰҹʥ
£Ǻҹʥ´ȥһ
ô
ĿϣǺޱȣģضҪһʮ꣬ԷΪҲѷǵɱȡ
ʮǰܹһԪ񣬿򵥡
²ҹʥĿϣˣӺˣ˿βֱӹȥ£ԭҲɵô
ߡ
һߣΪ˺ù˴ϹŽƣǿȻƣʱҲضԪˣʱ㻹Ϊܹ׽ס죿
졭
ҹʥĿ΢棬صһǧˣҺ֪죬ˡһ֮زƺһҲǸ졣
а취
һɲǣµĿüմϣѾԤеȻϹŽƱɣȴֻ󷨷ȻЩ󷨼ӹ࣬ҲԵֵסڤˡ
˿ֻ̣ǰһ̤һӣ죬˵һΣ뿴ڣ̳㵱걳ʦһǧˣΪ䣬öá
ף죬޲ľ˵죬ʲôһǧˣʦѵѵָǰ
뵽ˣץǰʱ˳ƺǰǰʲôˣһգܹѵǵڤĻʥ֮һ
˿̣ڹ·֮ϣһصϥڵϣһӡ֣ʲôȴϴ
ǲ£Ͱҹ
۾һɲǣͫĻӡȥ·ˣǵꡭ˺µʥ
ǰ뵣ġ
溴ʱҲص֮УЩţ˵棬ӦǰרͻƼǣڴʱ񡭡
˫Ŀ΢һǲºͰҹֻСӣӦ
Ҳȥæ
˵ţҪȥȴһ½סȵȣȥæ֪ˣʲôΪ𣿡
ͷȥǿĻܹҲ˵Ϊǳ֮ߡ
Һģڤ
һ۾ҲһΣٶȥˣǣˡ
ǰ
ʱ飬Ҳɵ΢΢һһ±˵꣬ץߣʱҲ顣
У
溲µҪʲôֵصſڣ˵ǰһΣζܳȥ
ϴֻһһΣڤҲȲˡ


1857 ˻
㲻֪ºͰҹˣΪжߡ
ЩʵһΣݱ¶֪һֻû뵽˿죬˲ɡ
ºͰҹ˵ΪΣǳڤĻʥǵֻ֮һԪǻð죬ϢϢȻ˵ı𡭡
ﻹһǳ´ĺֶΣǧǰˣǧֻˡ
溵ǰżʹΪٸߣϹŽƣͻƽ
ϣˡ
ͻȻ䣬һ˿âȻҲĴ㣬ܲ°ҹΪߣǿΪʥҲǳ˵ڡ
ǰ
Ŀ֪ΪΣһϣһҪԷʯٵĸо
ҹ֮ʱºͰҹѾȥˣ棬ǲδиԳ̶ֻʮ겻Ҳ˲ٴν
κһǧǧ󣬲ŻΪǿеĴ˵ֻʱ䣬ΪһС۵ĳû֪ĴڣҲûκ塣
ϣΣ
˶ڣڵ棬ĿĿǰ޿˵Ķ֡
ãżȥߵߣҹɫ˵صģˣʰˡ
ţ
һʱ䣬𰶼Щ⣬ѵҪȥɽ𣿿·;ңԶֻ´Ҵ֮£Щˡ

˻ˣӦһ۾վδͻȻüʵΣѾӦˣ
š
˵ͷһ̣΢΢͸δСʵֻ̫صȸˣ
ĺ˻ģڤˡ
һȥ˵δ룬ɻǵã⣬ֵǸ£
ȥȿӣ»δǼǵǲ»ʥΪ˵ãʱһԪʹѵУȻǵԪˣҲ˲ѣ֮ͨʵΡ
ǴˣһģǴ˵ıͬʱһλʥаҹ
£ҹ
δ΢һ룬ô£ڤĻʥһһڤںʹˣԱԪ򣬿һΣڤҪץˡ
ڤ
ȻҲ뵽ڤĺ˻ģ˻ĵ֮һʵΣڻ֪ºͰҹˣΪ˵ϾҲͣʹ棬ҲֻܶԸһˣ죬˿ӣܹԸˡ
㡭Σδ뿴ƺѾµҪôˡ
ţδ룬Ȼȥɣõġ
Ȼд㣬ҹ֮ʱ޹ºҹĪΪһ£
ô⣬ǡ£
š
ĹֻǸûʣϵ䣬˼ŨޣҲ͸һ㣬ţ˯
ȿȡôϰ첻˵չֵֹģһƼ಻ѽ
º͵͵һۣƴʱӣѲб飬ǽղһ£
³ϣ˵
ʱתʹ˿ϴ˲ߣºҲóʱ֣أʲôС££ҲЦˣ˵ʲô顭
Ҫգǧϣľϣȥһ˼硣

һ˵Ҫȥ˼磬ǧͶľλΪĳϣȻЩºϣö˶˵ģȥ˼
һ֪Լ뵽ʲôһ㵵ؿ㣬òǴ㣬˼֮롭

ҡҡͷڵΪûǸͰ˼֮˻Ľ磬˵ȥһĵط˵С
ʲô
ºԽԽԺˣʲôطö˶˵ģΪʲôҪȥ˵УͷǿСضбҪǧͶľλϳ
һ˵˼ڵؽʮأȥ˵Ļһֻ̫صע⡭
£뱣ܣ֪
תطĿǰԣʮҪر֤ʹ𣿡
Ŷ
ºһֵĿǧľλϵĻȻô࣬ôţǱôȥһ֣ºͺδһЩŹ֣ʲô棬Ͳժ
ĪʶǸʲô𣿡
ºһĿǵϣйһЩ֮£ж֪һҪ̽һ££ͽǧľλˣΪôԺٸ㡣
áģ£ͽǧľλˡ

˼գһգ棬ȻƺΣǿĻϢֱ˹ʧ˼ĲºͰҹֻˡ
ǣˡ
ˣ̽䱸գϹŽʮأҪƿҲô򵥣ڤҲһֻҪ˼ؽдһ̣ô컹ĺ˻ģκεطˣ붯ȫǲǾϵ췣׽١
󣡡
λָ£̲󷨣һЦ˿̾ǿһˣһ·Ǳߴȥһ죬ҸһЩҪҪ
ʱ˶ţڲ»ʱֻһһɳʣʱ֮Хʱ¡
ǣǡ
ʱˣһֻзɳһڿлһɫᦣǻӭ߰ɳӡʱ֮Ǵд
ǣ
ǽǵĺɫᦣ歷˶ʱɫһ䣬лǣȻЩɵˣв˾Щ޷֮ˣг˲п֮¡
Ǻǡ
ȻһЦ˵죬ٲҾͽ˻ǣͽˡ
һ˵ָ꣬һǻΧٵǣʹ£ֱ³ȥأ˵Щֻ»ǣڣǿƣҲǻҷ³
¡¡ٵǣһƣ£ɢ

һĻӶŵʧ˳մ죬𣿡
ס֣
ۼǻ棬лǳ˳һӰͻȻϣķ
ϣ
Ͱˣ̻ңҲԣָ°ҹˣ޺޵ҲڤλʥûʥżǧУȻԷ֮ͲպǴ𣡡
ǴʲôǴҡ
һЦһ˲䣬ָһǣֱĽײȥ

ϣҡ
Ͼҡ
ǵ֮ǰ𣬿һ˲䣬ȴĽ£ɢ


1858 ʥ
ϡϣ
һµǰ棬ָ°ҹˣλҲĺ˻ĵǰˣڴɱͲպۡ
Ρ
ȫȻһ׺֮ɫ⣬һԪҲܴڣҪһһ㣬ȥ
ɷɷɷ
ȻǺɫ棬Ǳ˳ϳµĽƳȥ
຿֮ʱڶ˶һĻŵôסˣδ̫׺ݣ
֮˵ĻǣĽƣƵ죬ò򿪽ƣ˵ֶΣȷʵ
˿ԶһϣֻиµŮӣŮǻħЩΪҲ࣬ɵľž̤̫ʥ֮ûСħ١޿ڤʥĶ֡
£ְͣɡ
ʱȻһһͬʱܵһʮǿĻϢͷȥֻ·ǱһӰת˲̸һϢĸо
·ǰ
ӣƺΪ·ǰΪû֪ǰ֣ǰ֣пӣǡ졣
Ǻǣ죬ڿϳô
ϴż䣬ӿȥʱ棬ľǰĹ·ǰǲһɻϢȫ֮¡
ҹҲˡ
һ˳ʱɻϢʹ˿ȥһˣʹûҲͬ˲˿ǴǰĿӣҲĹ·ˣգڤһ֮֮ϵʥ
ʥһǧˣѾ뿪̫ˡ
ʱҹʥӺĿڿϣһ˵һǧûĻ꣬Ȼǿ󣬲ǵڤµһˣΨһһδʥȴʥǿҲΪ֮ˡ
ǸĵطûκιϵΪǧҪơ
ҹʥڤˣڤꡭǰ仰㻹ǵã˭˵𣿲㡭Ϊε꣬ȴҪѻΪʲô
ΪʲôҲ֪Ϊʲô
ͳԺ棬·ֳָˣһĻҾ徵ɱصˣһУһУɱǸ졣
ʱĵӶѴסԭ·ǰǵĺ˻ģڤʥǰҹʥһǰ
ˡ
ҹʥϵĿӣ˵죬ӲģǻȥɣѾˡϰ˻ĲɱҶδܽĻȥգͻָˣӦñǶûܹõĲɱˣߵǣֱ߸ˣӳĺ˻ģߵǣҲûһӹĽ𡭡
Ǻǣɱ
Цһȴǵįɣꡭڤһѽ֣Щ̤ʥǿߣҲҪΪ֮һĲɱûܹӵõʹʮ磬Ҳ޴ӡ
ĺ˻ģηڤֻΪڤΪһ˿־ʥκ˵ĻǣûпܣĽѡ
ҹʥ죬һƱԪ񣬶ڻӵ֪
һԣ˸һԪûκĿܣǹ·ǰȻܹԷƿһǧ꣬һǧ꣬űԷҵ
ʵҹʥҲһֱܾȣ˵ıԪڤûκѵĿܣȴ֪ʲôȫնһƱԪϵ
ʥϳһˣûеڶ˻ܹˣĻڤ֮ϣһǧ꣬û䣬ܹôΪѾڤ֮¡
꣬ҹСģģ𾴣ǿǰһ㣬ԭ棬ȱΪʥģȴԶأԶ죬Ƕʼɵġ
Ǻǣɣô
ʱǰһ̧ǻĻǣʱϷХ֮һӡ棬ֻľѡ
죬ϹԹǻȥһ˵Ļǣұˣ򡭡֮ʮ˵Ļǣ
һ׹¶һǻʱս洫ҽ֮ˡ
ס֣
ɫһǰһ̤򿪽ƣ
ǰ
ǰ
ҪȥΧĵӶһסˣǲڤʥʼĹ·ǰ
Щ꣬ϳڣÿд˵ǰ棬ڤҪץץߣ
ǰҲһ׷
ƴˣ
ʱӶųŭĲ£¿ǰЩˣƸһ㣬صƴˣʲôƴҪȻ˵˴ָȥŵûб£ƴ
ϡ
ȥ˵ʵҪϹŽƣ͹ˣֻϣҲԸˡ
¡
ӷԸ£漴ǰȥߣ죬ȴδóĿ֣ͣտ溡
ǰǰҪ
ȻȻȥǱҪǰڤɣ
ǺǣͶһЦиЦֹ죬벻㣬Ҳҵͷһ졣
ȻڿӽҪ̤ʱȴͻȻסļ򣬿΢΢תͷôˣ
ϼһһΣӦòˡ
֮ʱԶʣȻƲ㷭ӿֹǿϢֱ͸˹ʱ䣬׹ֹ
ʲôˣ
һɲǣȻºͰҹҲܵˣϢ˼ߵϢ


1859 ǧľ
ʲôˡ
ĵ΢΢һϢѾ췣£Ϊ֮ߣԹơ
ת˲֮䣬Ӱ߷һλī۵ߣһλ۵ߣһλ޲ɷŮӡ
ǡ
˽ԸеһϣϵϢԪ֮ˣԪҲû˵ˡ
ת˲Ӱ˿ºǧľλϣ˵һ
˿ǧϺͶľϾѽϵϢǵΪȸ̫һ֮ϣ⳾ΪϢأؽ췣˿˵ĵǾ֮Ѿǰܲ·ʱ
죿
ºǰߣƺ֮ϣһ죬һٲԭ֮ǰó粻ˣ죬һʱҲΪ˴Ϲ𺳣һأǴǰֱ󣬹ֲϲ˵ԶҪС䡭
֪λʲôˡ
˿̣µĺ֮£һͳº˿ˣǵҪǻ˵ˣΪжҲ˶ѡ
λĪǽִµģŮоȻ͸֮ɫһɲǣµ񣬱øˡ
ºǰеĺɫᦿ˿˵ﱾһѵϹɾȻȴСˣвףȥһҲÿЩȥ

ºȻͳشЦһ˲䣬ü£Ͳ󣬿ǲС֪˭𡭡
֪˭𣿡º俴̫Ű˻Ϊеģ⳾Żûмˡ
ߡܿ죬ͻ֪
䣬һ̧һĺɫӡ͵سº˹ƺΪǿˣ˴ʱºΪɲˡ
ǻӡһ˲䣬ǧϺͶľҲˣֻһƻӳһɰ˻֮ӿɢȥʱ㽫ǻӡɢˡ
¡¡
췣£ºЦһŲºͰҹˣλϣһ㣬ˣ˿ɳܲס
ǿ
ʱ棬ӶסˣղȻֻǧͶľλ֣һɰ˻֮ױɢ˲µĻӡ书֮񣬿ɼһߡ
ˣǺ
Ҳɣղһ£ǸܵõΪߣֻؽƣǶԼΪ
»ʥô죿
ҹʥվһԣȻҲܵó˵ΪСҪǿǾֲκκôˣ棬ǻһʥ
ߡҵҪж
ȫһͻȻһ޴ĻӰȪӡһȣⷽԲʮʱɷɷһɫӡ͵سǧľλȥ
ߡ
ǧɫָһһԪʱ߱ȫһɲǣϾһɫ·ɴܡ
ס˺ǡ̫࣡Ű˻ľ࣬ȻûͰԵĹƣҲʮĹ
֮࣡
һɲǣǧʮӰӣÿһӰʵѱ棬ԴӲµĻӡﴩ˹ȥ
ÿٶȡ
˽һѾȫǧϵӰˣ֮ʱǧϾͻƲǲӡ˲Ϣǰ
㡭
ͻȻӰʹòͫһδӦԷٿһ顱һָشС
ۣ
¶ʱһѪһ󵹷˳ȥʹм׻֮ҲǧӡһͨӡǱԷǻİ˻֮Ҳ
£
ҹʥһһ˲ɹȥ´Ӱнסû뵽˵Ϊ֮ߣ
ߡȡ
ǧʱԣһ̧жʱһɽɫӡ͵سץȥ
ģ
ɫ䣬һ˲䣬ҹ磬飡飡飡ȴһ죬ԭĻ磬ǧǽɫӡ֮£һ飬ֻʣһ㣬˵ɫһɲǱɷײѡ
¡
һ죬ǧϵ췣һ˲䣬ľ˫һһ˲䣬Ϲһһɫ磬ףֵ档
һĻҲһҲ񹦣ԭǧͶľλϣо˸Զֹģ˸ߵĵУȻֲ˲ؽ
ʱĵҲסˣλǰøΪϾǴ֮ˣ

ºͰҹǿֵס˻ǿǧȴǧϸټǧһ˻֮񹦣Ƕ˱֣Ƕ֣
˿̣ºӺǣһЦڣ֪˭𣿡


1860 ڵ
ڣ֪˭𣿡
ºͰҹ̧ͷһٿºֻԷ˫ͫ糺죬ǡ֮
ģ
ºͰҹȻһֻôʧĶ̶ɲǣǧѹƶ˻磬˲Ϣ顱һƸϡ
ۣ
˽һѪһƴУԪºһЦǺǡ㿴𣿡
㡭
¿ѪֹԷ֮סĻһ޷ٶûǻ˵ϲͬǧǧϣҲ޷ˣʲô
ߣ
һ̣˵ϣٴȥ˷ﲻɣΪɲ֮ˣټһŻ֮Ůӣ˲ܶԸˡ
ݡ
һ˲䣬˱㻯Ӱʶȥһ죬Ǻɫᦣ治ϴĻХ֮·˻£һʱζѳ
лλѣճ
һǧľ˹˹֣ʱ׽ȥǧͶľλϿŲ¶ķĬȻԶħĿøղọ̈̄˼ˣʱȻһۿóҲǷˣֻǲ֪Ϲžʮ磬һˡ
ǡ
ºŲֻߵĲ°ҹˣЦһ˫һգֱͫԭɫղв˿糺֮ͫһʱҲ֮У˵ЩеӣһЩŮĵˣֱʱѹ󲻾һ亹
лλ˵С
ʱǰ˳ղһĻǧľλϵ񹦣ȷʵº䲻ˣǻ֮ҲʵĽ֮ͫ˿ҲԼǲɣ
歷˺µҲ˾ϴˣ˵ãΨһܹ뵽ģֻйɽ硣
Ǻǡ
ºһЦʱѾûнƣӰһΣ䵽֮ʱص仨ЩߣһƬһƬƻãֱúЩӣһһҲƲˡ
ʱºһ˹ǽĵӣЩһƶһƮƮȻ
ȿȡ
һֱϣʱǰǰߣüôһֱϣ
𰣬¡
Ŷ
˹죬ֿ˿ºԱȥºһ˵лλ
Ǻǡ
ºЦЦ˵лǣҪллǵɡ
Ŷ
Ŀϣɫ䲢ޱ仯ֵǾ͡лǵˡ仰˵ܸоЩֵֹģл˭лԼô
ºߵǰһ˫ĿӸղŵڣĿûдƿҪЩʲôһ
գ
ŶǺǡºһЦҽаţҾŶͺˡ
ȡԭǰŹ֪Źʲô𣿡
û¡
ºĿϣתһȦϿ¿ƺҲʲôԱߣĵʲôҲʣʲôҲ˵ֻš
ʱºȻյĶߣĲʶǵ𣿡
Ŷǵǡ
Ǻǣˡ
ºȥ˫һ㣬ȥպԵǻټ졭ϡ
ƺϣ˵λǹͣղһ𣿡
ǺǣˣҪȥءŶˣղشʱ䣬Ӧǲˡ
˵꣬ºЦЦһǧľλƮȻȥˡ
ڵȻԭأ˽ʧƺӰһоλһ㣬˱˵ãʲôˣ
ղŶԷ˵ĵʲôϵ·һ̣վǰλϣҲԽԽˡ

˻ˣ

šڤˣѾˡ
ŴݻƵҶһֵ˵ڤԿӷˡϰ˻Ĳɱ˴ʧԷض¾¡
ʲô
δһһҲµеĵǣȸ硢ĻĻôãǸصĻ죬Ҳ˰ɡ
˵֮󣬻δҲɵüĻأĻһֱڰ˴飬ȻҲ֮С
һ̧ͷʵ㡭Σ

˼Ƭ̣һһǧľϳȥʱһãȻע⣬£⣬⣬±Ƚسɴ󻼣죬д㡣
º㱨һ£Ѿ֪ʵм谭
ºšһж˳˲ǧľλϵĶֻ֣ǡ
ֻʲôʵ
º̧ͷֻǸ֮ȥ񲢲ʶ
Ŷ˵ͷ˵֪ڰ˻˵ݡ
ţ
ºǰŰɿ˴γȥû˷֣
Ӧûаɡ
ºҲЩ̫ȷתһ룬˷ȥ棬ΣЩ䳤ԼҲɳ˵ѰҲ
šûˣҪǰ⡣

ֹȥգ⼸죬һֱڴһЩ飬δ룬Ѱؽ⡣
һգ֮ʱδδϵ飬ŷӰбѾ磬ǰ漸죬δ붼ǰɽչ绹ûʱֲõԤС
ȻǰԷ˵嶫ϷԨ򲻿ȥδӣǱ֮쳣Ȼȥ
ˡ
һ̣мֿ϶δȥڵ֮Ԩʱԥ̷ľڣȥˣǰ죬Ԩ̫أ̫Ҳղδ֮壬ȥ


1861 δ
չδһƬʯ᾵ɽͷϷƻ𣬿ȴһҲܲȣԽǰߣԽܹܵһϢ
֮壬Ϣܹܵǰ棬Ȼ˵ĹԨڻҪǰ
ǰǧҪȥԨǸղţԼһ˿ֵߴ͸ȥҪҵһ˿Դͷ
ˡˡˡ
ĺȻδͣؿڣܹʱģйҵʱǰ桭ʲôط
Ǿǰһ̽ڴһ߸ߵɽ̫޷䵽ˣǰƬ谵ɽ֣ʯᾣ͸һ˵Ĺɭ
ʮְѻһֻеֻһ
ǰ棬Ȼ˵ĹԨˣʱδס˺һһСǰţ֮ǰֻ˵һʱҲЩţؽ磬һֲĵط
ɷɷɷɷ
Ȼ䣬һ紵δ벻һ亹ؿڣԼȥ
ɷɷɷɷ
紵δԽӸеһëȻ˫΢һӡǰʱһһ͸ȫ˲һЩ⡣
ȴǵɽϣǻҵ
˿̣һյƣ覵ĹâɢһЩΧǹɴԨ´Ϣڣʹе¡
ɷɷ
ʱһ󼲼δһæתȥ˫ֽӡǰǺ棬ȴʲôûУֻмƬҶӿ䡣
ġ³ϣ𣿱𣬱ˣȻҸʦ۸ҡ
ǺǺǡ
ʱȻһЦδŵʧɫһ²ֻʵתʲʲôˣ㣬ǹ
˫ֽӡŵؿǰ棬ղŵĹЦǴԨ´ģһ̣ǰȻâһյһΧյͨ
ǺǺǺǡ
ЦִԨ´δ΢΢ţЩڣһ֪ͺһˡ
ӦĻһˣ
ڵ֮Ԩ棬˺ڵδ׹̶ĸоСʵ㡭ô֪ʲô㵽˭
Ǻǡڵۡ
ڵۡ
δڲţÿ˶ÿ˺µĶµģ䣬䣬ָо޷ݣžǡ֮ȥظһУǰʲôẦ¡
Ǻǡǰһ
Ԩ棬ڵ۵δһ̣Ҳ֪ôŲǲʹһǰȥ
ɷɷɷ
һ紵ŵͣס˽Ųϵ亹Ҳʪˣʱڼϣ紵ţӺ̹ǡ
˼˼Ǻǡ
Ԩ棬ڵ۹ɭɭԪѾˣ㱾һӦȥˣˣȴǿ˼˼Ǻǡ
㣬˵˵ʲô
˵ЩʲôԼĻδѪɫȫޣҲԽԽˣԨ£ִڵɭɭǣ˿̣ôʲô
㣬㡭
δ뽫һͦװµӣֱ׳˵ģ˭˲°㣬˵𣿡
ǺǺǺǣ
Ȼ䣬ΧصҶǻһ㣬Ϸɳɳ֮졣

δŵɫֻʣҪһߣתһ˲䣬˫ȴ·ʲôסһȻ޷Ų
ҿĹȥδţԼ

һɲǣδ˻þһǰһУƱŤһХ֮𣬾飬ǵس
Ҫ߿
δŵòֻʧ룬˫ֲסӡɻ֮£ӡûܻΧ飬Ԩ飬ȫ
ĻǣЩ飬ζʳǺǺǡ
߿Ҫ߿Ҫ
ÿ˽ÿ˺µĶδСͲҿЩ֮Щ鿿ιȥٶ˯
һɲǣǿ˻þһƮƮҲ·⣬ԼڱһؿѾû
ġ
δʶ𽥱ģһ˲䣬飬Хųɶһ˲䣬Ҫһ
δ룡
ǧһ֮ʣӰˣһһƥӿ䡱һ鶼ˡ
δ롭δ룡
ɲһչ˲˹δ뱧סˣʱѾԹȥɫֽһ԰ףδɫ԰׵ӡ
ʲô
˿̣ԨŭӶȥһ̣Ԩ֮£˺ڵ۵ֻδѡǺǺǡ
δ
ָδ뱧δû˿Կ
ǺǺǡȷʵû˿ԿδҿԣΪǺڵۣδҲԿ
˵Ҿô
Żδ룬а˼֮ƣԨµĺڵΪʮֿ£ֻ֮һ꣬Ҳܵ
ǺǺǣ㲢֪ԪӦþˣӦãȥˡ
һɺԣ
ԨһۣʱᱻڵЩ񣬶ղδضǱ˵Ļ
һ˲䣬ȻԾȥһɲǣԨ棬һϮʹȲѣֻת࿹
顱һһƽǹֵסˣɾһ˲䣬һӡͻȻһ¾͸Ĳߣü֮С

δ룬ȥһ̣Ԩ棬ͻȻ˺ڵ۵ĴЦ֮ԭҲһҲһ


1862 
ԭҲһ
ڵ۵ЦصԨֻ˸еһĵԨЩ飬ŵӰˡ
δ뱧ڻУղһ£ѵڵۣڵʬħǣղһӡĪǿ̽δɶԷ˵ʲôһʲô˼
˸Ĺһǵ˸Ĺ
Ԩºڵ۵ͻȻʮֵͳһ˸Ĺʲô˼
ǺǺǺǡ˼˼ڵ۵ԽԽͳصԨϷ粻ϴ𣬸˵ľ
һֻ̣˼Щң˸Ĺʲô˼ղ˵ҵ˸Ĺ֪
ǺǺǡ
Ԩ´ڵ۵ղţǲ˵Ļôôڣڿʼô
Ҳ£˵ҵ˸ĹԭָΣ
Ǻ£ԼҲòһЩ飬ΪܹЩŵħ
ΪܿһЩֵξ·һһģһˡΪܸо˹켣˶һ
ʼһͯţΪӵͽܡ·һʼڤڤ֮оһ˫ε֣ʱǣˡ
˸ĹΣ
ǺǺǺǣ
Ԩ棬ٴδڵ۵ͳˣֶͨ죬ҿǱڸǵһУҲ޷
أ
Ԩʵ˵һҲ˸ĹǺˣֶͨΣܹ
ңǺǺǺǡ
ͻȻ䣬գԨ£һһǰһɫӰӡ
һ̣ס˺ǰӰѵǺڵ۵ӰϢ֮ǿܹǰһУѰ֮ˣϢҲ޷
˿̣ǰ˺ڵ۵ҵ˸ˣⰵյԨ̫Ҳղеֻǻ谵䡭˵أ
ĬȻֱ¶ĸоûоյԨ棬۹½ǱԨ£۹½˳ҹܹоӵ۹½͸ǱĹ¼š
˶˵۹а̫֮ŵһа˵ԣʹ˱ɱ޳а֮Ǵû˸ܵ۹½ŵһݹ¶ȡ
ÿһĵ۹½ˣô۹½Ĺ¶һһοŽȥԼյԨӴҲκˣĹ¶
ǰյԨ棬Ҳһ¶Ļǡ
Ȼ֪˭һǿȻһλǰǿߡ
ǰӰ˵ţڵ۵ΪôߣܹߣȻҲһλΪ֮ͨ

ͻȻ䣬ڵ۷Цһֳ̣ʲôƨǿߣһСˣһֻڱ˵Сˣ
⡭
һʱЩǰڵۣһλϹǿߣ˵ôһС
ߣ
ڵһߣֵСӣĲһ˸ĹҲ޷⼸ǧÿһˣ㡭Ҳܹȥ˴ΪΣҲһ£ǺǺǺǡ
Żеδ룬һΣǧԲڵ֮ԨһԷƺûҪֵ˼ʱҲ˿Ҳǰڵۣǡˡ
ڿʼݽˣô
˺ڵ۵һеģһһΣûǰڵۣȻ֪Щʲô

ڵۼͻȻִЦÿһĲȷʵ̫һǧˣ˷֣ȴ㷢ˡô

ŻԹȥδ룬˵ǰȷʵ֣ؽ˶ڼǧǰͱ˰ֽţʹ⼸ǧˣһֱϢ˥ʼû˷֡ȷ֮ʱѾˡ

ڵִЦȷʵͨ˲һ˵꣬Ϊֶͨ죬Ϊ޷죬Ϊ˻ǧ궼˷֣û뵽ȴ㷢ˡ
źڵ۴ʱԣɫһᶨ˴ǰе뷨Ȼǰ²һУǿѨ磬ڵ֪һС
꣬ڰԲֽţһУΪ֪һУȴȫԨµĺڵۿ


1863 ֮Դ
Ըң˭𣿡
ǰһֱ±򵥣ԲֽŵǸˣʲôˣĿʲôһУ¶
Ǻǡ֪
棬˺ڵ۵ƺδ̸
ǵģ֪
ǳᶨѡ֪飬޹أڣ޷֮죬Ĳ

ͻȻһתһȦִڵ۵֪ҲûãΪ½졭
Ǿˣ𣿡
ǰĺʮּᶨ֪ڵΪȻڹɽ磬Ѿ˶ǿ⾳ǿ֮źԶһ·
ǺǺǺǡȻ֪Ǿ⣬ֺαʣ
ڵ仰˼ڵΪ̫ͣ޷漰ǿƵҲǰʣʡһЩȥ֪ģ˻˵Ĳʵٶǿ½һ֮ˡ
֮ڤߣΪΪϹдߣ԰ǧΪǧΪϣΪС꣬Ϊꣿ
Сӣڷң

ǰĺ˵ֻΪÿˣǾǿߣҲĬĬţ£ȻţȻ˳Խ񻰡ڶ֮ǰ˭ʶö£
һ֮ǰ˭ʶö£СӣΪ㽫ܳΪĴ棿
һֱŬ
ܺáҸ˭Ҳ޷ΪûҪ֪֪ˣҲûκã˿ԣܹȥ⣬ʱԻҲ֪һ
ڵ۴˿̣ǻвػϸ˼Ƭ̣ʵԸңǵž𾳡ɲУһ𣿡
ž𾳡ɲĸ֮
˼壬һΪ̤֮뾳磬ΪأΪƣȥ磬
ž֮ˣ񷣬գ֮춯ء
𾳣ħ֮ˣħȼɵأʮ磬ΨҶ
ɲ֮࣬һָʮɲǣһɲǾŰ𣬷ħһ֮䡣
ľ֮УǿԹûһȷĽޡ

ʱ洫˺ڵ۵֡
Ȼ
ɫһ֮ǰҲ²⣬ǵˣܹжԲֽţǧΪ˲ǵ֮ˣǵ
ԭΪ޵֮ˣľʦǰ㣬²ΪסΪԽǵ֮ˣȴԽǱħҪ£벻˵
һʵǺڵۿ֪˾ڲؽʲôֽţ
ǺǣôΪ㷢ˣԭһУֻĲ²ô洫˺ڵЦ
ǰȷʵ쳣һʱҲ˵Ǿʲôڲؽͬһ󺣣˲Ϣ֮䣬㲻Ӱ
ߡҾ͸㣬ˣһơ֮Դ˲
졭֮Դ
˿̺ڵ۵ĻЩϣôְǣˣ֮Դ֮ǰδ˵νһ֮Դ˻Ľģ
Ŷ֪һЩ
ţȷʵ֪һЩ
˿̣ϸ䣬һ칥֮ʱδ˵ʱǧһ𣬷ˣһ˿бʳЩбᵽ֮Դ
˼併¡֮Դһ֮Դ˼䣬ʱ˼ȫȾʧħʱ˼䶼Ϊ
֮ԴʲôûмҲ˵Բʲô򵥵Ķ
ڵۼʱ˼ʵ㣬ǽһһ˵ľ֮Уڴ˵ջΣ
ع˵һһ谭Уǧ˿ƣ֮ͬңϡǲܵģһ֮ˣڴһһʼͲܽȫ

ڵԵˣΪ˱һ֮Դ˻˵˷֣ͬʱⱻųȥıһ֮ԴһơұԴһ֮ԴͿαװؽУǧ˿ƣ總֮ңµǣΪ˲ףΪ⼸ǧһһҲ𣿡
ֲá
һ£ȫȻˣֶȷʵ޹⼸ǧҵڣƾһ⡰֮ԴһơұԴı¡
һھĵǿߣѾ̤뷽֮ǿߣǧǰΪλ½һ֣֪оԲ򵥡
һ֮ԴѾɢǧ鲼ؽ֮ǰӦһһ˲ŵ쳣ȻһδĸӦǿҵ
һֵȷʵֶ֮ԴѾɢǧƣȫ֮УҲ˵ҵȫҵҪ֮ǿȥֻҲ𼰲ؽ

洫˺ڵ۵˾Ĳµľ֣ܹȥģ
ɵȴû뵽Ϊ޷죬һУȴȫڵۿһСӣһ

ﴫ˺ڵ۵ĴЦ֮Сӣֺ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ڵ۸ңʲô취ƳֶΡ
Ǻǡ
ڵһЦ˵Ҳ޷ܷ쵽ͿûǸˣûǸ£³ЩһģһǺǣȰֻ֮µĲڵ֮Ԩ


1864 
ڹȥļǧÿһˣһҲ⣬·һһڵѾ̫Ĳˡ
ǰ˵޷ڵ۸ңƳֶεķ
Ǻǡ
洫ڵ۵ˣҪҵȱһɣֱǡǡصġβ
֮һڵ˵ǲޣ
ǲޡ
һ±ûࣺޣ߼ڶǰѾʧɢ䣬ֻһЩ֮֮Ψ߼ۺһ𣬷Ĳޣܶǳ֮
ˡ
˿̣ϸ䣬һޡʱǴιһϣرˣ޷򿪣ʱᵽҵޣǳ֮ƿ硣
ʧʱ˵ֻϲ֪ϲҲѾˣ֪޵ġ
ؽ˥ߣⲢصģص⣬ǲ˥ˣ㽫˲µġ֮ԴҲŤתΨжòޣǳ֮ŤתǬ
˿̣ѾȫˣҪҵޣŤתǬˣͬˣǳǰܣ
ڵ۵Ѿˣұٸ㣬Ӧ߼ֱǡལ顢ߡӡľ⹳񡣡
Ŵʱڵ˵ü΢Ҳ˵ལӦǣӦ߶ӦصӡӦľӦģ⹳ӦβӦ
ˡ
աлڵ档

ﴫڵ۵һЦлأֻ뿴һĲܷ֮֡
֮֡
һѵˣҪ˥ˣҪÿһĲնú³ʲôޡ
֪һУȻףճɹˣĲ֮ͬԼ
˾ǿߣؾ֮·
˿̣Żл˯ѵδ룬˵մźڵѾãȥһκ˽ԵźڵС
㣬˭ڵ֮Ԩˣȥɡ
䣬紵һԨǱȥֻڵ۵պܷģȫԼǺǺǺǡ
ֵͷ˿ɫ԰׵δ룬ղδɫ԰׵ӣʵŵˣôδԷѪɫӣڻǰһ̣ʲô
δ뿪ڵ֮ԨԨ£ڵɭɭΪ֣Ϊӣزݵһӣȴƭ𣬺ǺǺǡԽԽ˼ˡ

صѾǰ˰첻ʦͽӰʱŻԲѵĻδһδɫ˲԰ףһôˣ
û˵ʱһۿʲôɫ䣬ګګ㣬ȥڵ֮Ԩˡ
š
δϣڲ޵飬Щ˵Ҫǣδѹ˵ȴȥ£պ˵
ãá
԰֮ɫŻδȥӰѾһ亹ǲҪˣȻȥڵ֮ԨΪȥһҲûУ
ȥ˺Щ죬һʱδˣɫգѾࡣ
ʦ
ɺãҪҶ
˿룬ʩ룬˵ҽͨ죬ҲѾʤˣ⼸ʩδ뿴ȥѾࡣ
㡭
δѹԼֻһᱡ£һߵͨ죬ס۾㣬أߡ
Ҷ⼸³µġ

š
ʩ룬һ˵ںڵ֮Ԩ˾ţεȥˣڡЩ𣿡

δ뿴Ժںڵ֮Ԩʱȴ벻ǰ󿴼Ļˡ
˶ˣʱҷ֣һ˿쳣
š
㽫һգںڵ֮Ԩ˵ˣδ֮ɫҲһ±Ȼˡ
Ѿˡ
ǵġ
δϸ룬Ӧûκ쳣ӹĸӦȻֶͨΣ֮Դˡ˰˻˵۾ӵùʶӦ
ֻҲû뵽һ˿쳣Ȼ֮Դð˻ˣ˻Ľ֪ˣôڰ˻֮أһˣ
ѵҲйأ
δʵ벻˱£ܹõ֮ԴҴ޵֮ˣһλ̤뷽֮ĵǿߡ


1865 
Ƿйأڻʱ֪ڵ۸ңҵޣûа취˵ֶΣѾʧҵ˵ֻϲ֪޵䣬ϲû֪޵ˡ
ô죿
δҲü˥ˣֻҵޣܽ⣬˻֮˴ѰңǴ룬ȥң
˼Ƭ̣˵飬һ㲻صģúûָ
ֹգһգҵ޵˵ˣ֮Ӳ˰Ҳûعƽﻰô࣬ȴһ仰Ҳ˵Ȼţʵϣôˣ
ûûУޣޡ
һŵӣʲôûиһ֧֧ᣬ˵Ȼ
ޣôˣ
ŵӣ߽һЩ̧ͷ񣬸һ˵ޣѾʧ꣬񡭡δȫһأҼǵãľ޹Ǽǰĳһģ˫ǧľλģ񡭡񶼻ûҵ
񣿡
ʱģ϶Լʵǵ꣬ʧģ
⡭
룬˾Զ飬Ѿȥǧˣֻ֪ϡǵ˵ǧǰ˻֮ң޾ʱʧģҲ֪䵽˺δշתǧ꣬һˣģȻ֪ġ
£㽫֪˵֮˼Ƭ̣ޣǲʢ֮ʱԲ£ȴֻڲʧ䡣
ԡϣǲǣʲôûиң
⡭
Դ׷£ڰʵ˵˳ʵڰǰϵ뿪֮ʱ˵йز޵£Ҳ˵˼ط˵δܻȥ⼸طѰҲޣ£Բκ֪ˡһֱš
üһ
˴߽һЩһǻᱣܣ£㻹Ҷã

ԣæҡ֣˵¹شǰһֱæڰ˻飬һֱûҵ˵ֵ©֪ˣԵ㿴ⲻٺ١
ԭˡ
һȻûô򵥣ҲãΪȻõģ䳤ϷˣƣʱһҵޣʱҪٴˡ
ٺ١
˼ӣսһЩֵ㲻֪ʮǰǵ˾ͳȥˣһֱǼطѰ޵䡭
Ŷ
Ŀһһ濴˿С㲻Ϊǲˣȫ˰ɣ
ֲôġ
һ£ȫȻˣٺһЦɲ㻹Ϊǲôû˵߾߰Դӵϵ뿪ҰľԽԽԣǲòâʮǰϵϨʱ֪ϵӢ𣬴ס
˵˴̾˵ϵҪ̵ģȻңѾצ˲ʱǶΨһ뵽ϵ뿪ǰ˵Ĳޣֻһزޣܹ⡣
̾ϵ뿪֮ʱʱ㵽һУҼǵ뿪ǰһ׿˵ȷˣȥǼطѰҲޡ
ȻأΣʵ
ŵȷϵֻ취ȥѰҲޣɵʱѾκη紵ݶȻ䣬ǼطΣأǵȥģҪΪĳȥһ³ȥô೤ϣܲ仳ɣһ֪˲޵飬ֻʱǾҲûκΰ취ˡ
㵱ʱڲɿɿ뿪˲źЩȥѰҲ޵ĳϰɳ²֣뿪
ٺ١
ڨڨһЦ֣ˣʱһһұ㻨˼ʱ䣬±ɿʹ󲿷ֵ뿪һڶʹڳϡڶղȥȻǵУȥˣЩгȥѰҲ޵ĳϣҲɹߣ䶼֪ڰѰҲޡ
֮Ҳòǰ˹Ŀ࿴ƽһϻģ˭ҲƲȳ˸̣ıԡֲǲļθϡ
ϣͦİ
ٺ٣Ȼ
ţ
ģһڹԴ˻ȥ
˵ԽԽϲˡ
ļ̨ȥʱˣʱΪֻ̣˳ܣֻ¹Աȫ
ڿ˱УѰö࣬Щڣ²ѾΪ֮˰ɣ
ҶƮƮһƬһƬ
ӲʱʱѾ쵽ˣ䳤ϣӦʱֻأЩӲߵһˡ
һ£ĵҶ÷顣
ӺСʵǵ㿴ǡ
ȻǲɫѰҡ
תʵ㻹ûиң޵䡭Ǽطǰ˻֮أļط


1866 ɽ¥
˻֮طǳ󣬵ȻԶԶֹ̫Ű˻Ƭأսʱ˵ڰ˻⣬಻ȥĵطô˰˻ˣڰ˻֮أȻҲ
ʱȷ̽󣬲Сϵ˵ĸطĸطֱǱߵ֮أϱߵ򣬶ߵŵߵ麣
˿˵ϸ˼ĸط˻˶ȽԶЩطȻҲ̫Ű˻ˣ̾ᡣ
һʵλϳȥѾʮ꣬ڣҵ޵ˣ
⡭
ЩԥͷƬ̣һ̧ͷСҸղ˵ĸطÿһطܴ˴ĵطѰң©ʹǳǣķϼʮʱҲЩȷʵҵһЩҲֻҵһЩ
š
˵ͷȻ֪ûôҵֻҪҵһЩǾǺõģаţҪ֮£ǳȥڲؽߡ

֮ճأ䳤ڵ֮ϣŭԱλϣ˵Щʲô
ߡ
һֻһߣʵʱ䣬Ǳߣʲô
⡭
ߵĻ룬˵ƺǰãºǧľˣȥһ˷䡭
ȥ棿
䳤һ˼ãֿڵ֪ȥ˺δ
⡭ǻ룬ҡҡͷͲ֪ˣƺܿ죬˾ֻˡ
ߡ
䳤һߣʱұߵĻֵ⻹м£ҵ֪Щ죬ǰǱߵˣҳ࡭ƺѾڿʼųǲڲؽˣ㿴Σ

ڻϻ֮ʱ漲һֻ֣һĵӣɥǵ˽
»ţ
䳤ʱŵǵһģ˵ڵأ˵أ糿糿ǵˡȫȫΪ
飡
һ죬䳤ϽԵĲ輸һĵ÷飬豭Ҳһأˮ˳̨ףȥ
ŵɫ԰ףڵϣҲҲֱƬ̺һλϵ𣺡ˣȥɡ
ǡǡǵӻŻվͷȥˡ
ΪΪھˡ
ʱ䳤ͳʹϴߣҲزסʱɱԣҲԥϵΪ
ϴʱҲҽӻһǳϲŵϢŭҿˡ
ߣ
䳤һߣԽˣǾԽ˵ʱ䣬дǸҿϸֻҪһлᣬضشˡ

˿̣ڲ⣬һĸ˱׽סˣһȥǲ˵Ҳ̽ܣΡǺܿˡ

ҧݺݵƺǰλ֮ǰݴһ
룬Ǽԡ
䣬˫ֲĵֱӴڣһ˲˵ľ˵Ϊ

ҽ֮쳹֣ϵѻڶȥһĻĵӶþˡ
ȥǵӣ˶࣬;ٶЩ
ãŻָͷѾһ亹ʱعګګǲ̫
ϣסʱ򡭡˲ݣվȡ
˫ָһ˵ţһתһͷȥˣȥһʱ䣬һڲؽ֮ˣ˳Ǳҵģ޲ǱΪҲŵò׽ˡ
һգȥؾδ̫Ű˻ľˣͻȻɫֻʵشŻŵӣʵϣôˣ

̧ͷ亹ƣżǰ飬ҵˡ
ʲô
һ̣ҲеЩͻȻ˼ʮ궼ûҵȴͻȻ֮һ飬Ѿҵˡ
˿ɫ԰ף֪Ϊܵ˾ţ侲˵˵ô¡
һȫһڿˮ˵֮أ֮ҵģλϴŵһ·ɱ;λϣʣλϣڴ飬ˡ
֮أλϣλ
Ϣһ̣ԭЩ˵ģͻȻó֪²ǰʱҪȷʣµλϣܹƽܹ˳ز
Ȼٴضڰ˻֮أһȷѪꡣʱ⴫һ


1867 ˻Ĺ
ţ㣬ôûؾ
һ£ʱӵ߽ˣǻδ룬˿˵ϸղŵĻҶˡ
㣬㡭
ϣ޷
ʱҲδ뿴ȥڲһ£֮ǰиδ˵ʱԷҲûʲô
δǰƵӣ²ֻΪλ֮أΪҪΰȫؽز֮ؾ˻ңԶм·;˵ҲҪˡ
һֱ߱·ȻģҲȻĵؽ磬ȥʮ䲻֪ܻ֪Ȼ
˿̻δ˵ղ뵽ˣֱ߱·ضᾭؽ磬ҲضᱻʵС֮Բ£Ϊһֱڲؽ磬ȥԷĵ̣Է̫徳ĳϣҲмܲס
䳤϶֮ǣΪждֻ̣޲ý̳ȥڣԲȥؽ硣
ţ˵û˱ضὫǵһ䵽±Ҳòˡ
룬˵߱·߶֮أƿؽ磬˻Ҫʱ䣬ִܵ
ԣ֮ǰҲôģֻǡ˿̣Щԥ״ʵֻʲô
һ̧ͷ˵ֻǶ֮ҲߣмҪǰ˻Ĺ壬ĵ̣Ǿ壬ֻ±Ҳòȥ
˻Ĺ壬塭
ŴԣҲɵü̫Ű˻ôãҲ˵˻֮صһЩ˻Ĺʵͬں̫Ű˻˵ĹϵšûţǾˮˮˣžһɽݶˡ
ǿ̫Ű˻˳֮ǿߣھ⣬˻ĹͬҲ֮ǿߣҲھ⣬Ա˴˼䣬ԶԷżɵ˫ˣ˻֮أȻѪɺӵľ棬ղûй
δʵϣʵΣ
ЦЦΣںܾǰ廹ܳΪ壬ţҲǵĳλ棬һվ̤뷽֮ϼԺһԾΪ˰˻Ĺ֮һ
꣬δЦһ˵ףҲڵĸˡ
⡭
ЦһȻλѲڰ˻Ľ磬һλ֮ǿߵĹ⻷֣ټһԾΪ˰˻Ĺ֮һʵͬС
ʦ㿴ô죿ʱδȥҪѯһ
ü߱·ǾԲߵģضὫһӹɣôʣµһ·ֻ߶֮أĿĵؽˡ
ʱӣҲ³˼֣ع˵Σ߱·ʣλϣ˭
صǷǳϺ³ϡ
š
˳˼·˰ȥӦڣ뾡һϵŵģֻ飬зλϵ
ԡ㿴ıߣҺð˰ȥӦ
߶֮ذɡ
գ˾߶֮أСһЩݶУֱܹ߱·λϵİ˻֮ҲӲĶ죬Ȼᱻ
á
ʵ֮ǰһ·ҲˣȻ·ʮΣգɱ·Ǳߣע·

ȥ£һ죬ڻǴ˻Ϣ
ϣôˣ
ˡˡ
һ̻̲ӣüһʲôˣ
㿴
ΡΡһѪüͷ壬ùһϸһǦֻ֣вڵš
ôˣ
ʱδҲˣղ棬һ·ɫҴҲһ·
Ѫ飬˵λϣסˣλϱסˣɹȥӦˣҲǿסˡ
ˡ
δɫҲһ±ЩˣһС©أ
Ѫȥ˵ԷҪʮ˻Ĺ񣬶Ҫ͹ȥǲſϷˣҲ飬Ҳ
⡭
δһüùѪ飬һۣ˵ڱʮ˻ĹΪʯͷô
һ˫ָ󣬿ŴҶ˵˥ˣʢ֮ʱҲòʮ˻Ĺ
˻Ĺ񣬲ͨʯʮʯõóԷҲƲϡ˻Ĺ̲˰˻ֻһЩ֮زܲһ֮أۣ˻֮飬ʤ
㿴ô죿Ҫִ¡
ɫɷףȻ֪еǣһֿˣֻ½ˣʮ˻Ĺȥң
һżת˵ϣȥҰ˸

һ£ѲɻҪʮ˻Ĺ񰡣ֱӻ˲
ÿӣװʯͷ
ʲô
һ£漴Ӧ뵽ʲôæ˵⡭ⳣԵǿѹͷߣο壬ǵͷߣһͷͻҪǡ


1868 
ڣ㿴бİ취𣿡
ʮ˻ĹҲòģô̶ǻѨҪȥһˣʵױҲ
ױ壬ռһǣΪ׼ҳǡڶࡣ
ߡ
һߣһ˵⼸գ㽫ǵϸ

֮
˵أԭҲޡǺǣҵޣԸô
Ҳ֪Щ갵ȥ˶ˣƿǵߡ񵹺ãȻѾҵˡ
ߡ
䳤һߣƹȴԸ䵽˰˻ĹǺǣ
ǡ
ԱЦЦһ˵ΣҪ顭
ǳʲô
䳤ȻҪɽۻ˵ãһΣˣ˭˭ƴܾˡ
һЦǣһΣ;ĸۻ𡣡
ͬʱ˻ĵλ˻ĳҲΪ·ǱС£Ȼᾪλ˻ĳϣüλ˻ĳϹֶͬԲߣһΣ¹شС˵źͲìܣ˵ǰ˻ĹͰ˻˵ĳͻ
ҹϣ£ο
ϳĬƬ̣һ۵ĳϣһλī۵ĳϿʵ
š
ī۳۰룬˵ˣʢΪֲͣҲҵһΡ
šȷʵǸ⡣
漸λϣҲŵͷȻ˻˺Ͱ˻Ĺ壬Щ꾮ˮˮҪ˵ĻҲף¼Ϊ˫պ˵ĵϾ̫Ű˻˻һУֻ̫ص
һλϵҪȻȥҲ˵˵Ρ
˵ô˵
ʱһ۵ĳûױ㲻ĵ̣ӣҪɱ˭˶ûãǿˣҿǰ˻ƣǼ壬뿪ս˰ɣ
⡭ɽϣҲҪŭǲ˻Ĺͻ
ߣ
ҿ£Ҫú˵˵

գյ˻ĵϵţᵽһ£˼Է˵ĪҪͻ
ߣվ˵ۡӵһԣ±ʵΣ׼ûУ
Ц˴ӣȫյԸװˡһ뵽ױӣȫʯͷʵ޷ǻһ棬ܶԷĻᡰ˰ɡ
á
һһˮҪһˣϧҹӰڣҹӰı£γɹ˾ȳĻᣬܶ࣬ϧˣҲкܶ飬ҹӰܳ
ү
ʱº˽ûӣɽգɫȴ쳣ĳء
³ϣˡ
˿һȥŵ˲࣬ܰȫ˶ߣԷֹ롣
ȥŵģֻºǧϡػϡΪ֮ˣټһЩˡ
š
ºһصӣʵ³ϣôˣ磬һֱ׼飬˲֪˺¡
³ϣҡ
˿̣ºͷֹջǿڵڸղšױѾɱ³ϡ
˵ʲô
һɫһ±ò԰ײѣ˫ҡҡλΣǿҪվһ£¡
š
ºͷ£أټ˵ȥˣ֪ڲϵõģ³ϡ
²˳٣̶ɡָʱ洫һһȥ
ֻδ˽ȥ΢΢һ£漴˵ţ㲻ȥ
ΪʲôҲȥδ뿴˿Ҫһȥ˻ĹյĵطʵڷĲ¡
ºȥ˵ˣһ㲻ͬʱ
ǡ
δü΢ǿºǰͷ˵Ŷǲˣסʦڵʱǲ
ҡ
δָʱִһˣڲɡ
£ֻ˲벽˽һɫһɷǣ÷ȴǽ޹ǧϣͿ޹ػϡ
ǡǺðɡգδ뿴ֻ񽻻㣬֪ʶ꣬ʱʤٶ˵ʲô
߰ɡ
Ҳٵ飬ȥţ·;ңԶǼΪ˻֮طͬѰٿҲҪ£ܵǱߡ


1869 
º֮ء
׼ҳǽ䱸ɭϣ棬һֻȸҲɲȥ£Ÿ֡
ţ˵ǿǿ˵ҲʵǾʹˣױֻʮ֮һʮϣиĴڡ
ʱţһصֻһµⲽ׹⸡֣һ۱һʮױĸоҿ
ױϥһӣԻ׻շǺλҪ֮أǱױĶ׻ˣʱλϴ֮ɱѾ֮ܶùŵһڳϸ֣
˿ױ֮ϣһŻӣлʱ֮Ӱʱӣʵһ㡣
棬ײʲôܣ
ױ΢Щ෽ҲҲŵܣҲ޷ӣֻܾܲÿɣ֮ôͷôһûõӣ
ԣһЦݵߣֻЦɲ֪˵Ϲʱڣʺ֮ܽǿɾ͡ٺ١
ϻ
ױһҶҪܲܣҪȥũɣ£˸ְ취ӣҲûʲôá
ٺ٣飬֮أ
ЦЦܲױ룬˵ûõӣûõӣβӣϽȥ˽˵ףб˽Ұ
ˡ
ױһʵ׻Сأ⼸죬ôûпˣ
С߹ЦЦ˵⼸죬Ӧ
ƨ
ױһɫҲ֪⼸ҿˣȥ˵һ©˷ͷǼϹ֪ˣʱ򡭡ߣ㶮ģ顭
ٺ٣ǣǡ
Цڻ֮ʱȻһص
ô£ôˣ
⡭
Ŵʱ治ϴķһ뵽ʲô˵Ѿȥ£ҿǲЩˣ
Ŷʮ˻Ĺô
ױһЦĿн͸һɺ֮ɫ˵ĲǸݽɫһͷ䲻ˣҵҪжݡߣȥ

ʱķһƬһƬֳϷƣףʵľѡ
Щ඼ޣ˻֮صʱ򣬾Ϳķŵķ뵱ķЩһ
ŵķȻҲǵͽ׷ÿһͷ͸һб֮˫ۣҲѪ֮ɫȥѪֲ
𡪡
ʱķ˵ͷһ㣬Ѫֱ֮һ˳мͷӼͷӹŰԵ
Щ඼͸һѪ֮ƽױûѪȥιЩ
Ѫι˿ţѾһʮֲõԤС
վסʲôˣ
ǰȻŵˣЩˣ˻˲ʮˡ
Ȼǲˡ
ߣʱŵ˿˿Է̧ŵİ˸ӣͷȵʵ㣬
Щˣò
漴˸ȥ棬ǧϺػ̫徳ǿߣǰЩСආ
֮أĵ̣ױǵصʵۣŵ˸ҶǴСУҲ֣ʱķһ
һ˵ֻһ׶ƻǣֱ߽ŵĴС
֡
ױڴϷЦĿ֪ʲôط𣿻ĸ
Ȼ룬в֮
˵̧̧֣ʮĵӣʱ˸صĴӷȥ
Сӡ֣
ױݺһЦϵİ˸ӣĿһˣҰӴ򿪣
š
ǰһҵˣױɫûӵĻҪȿ˶Żˡ
ˣӲ򿪡

ױͷһЦĿһ׺ݵΪǰ˻˵ʲôʲôӶһԿ
£棬Ȼһ±࣬ˣڴſڣͻȻŵĸ֡


1870 
һ±쳣̣ǧϺػ֮УѾһԪߣмŵǰһ̧ʱһֻҪӻ֣˸ӣʱ촷ۡ
ţš
ʱǰױ߼ʾߵ£Ц޷Ҫ˿ѣ˵˵
ɻһЩȺŵĸ֣ȻΧſڣߣ֣ŵˣѺŶʮ
ǳϣ
һ𣬶ʮ˵УΪǸһѪµˣǷǳϣֻѾĥòȫѪ죬Ϻϵⶼȥˣ¶ɭɭĹͷ˵Ҳ֪ô¡
ү
ǳ԰ףǣֱ´ţûΪϢȫױˣһΪĶʮ΢һЩֻǸ찤һٴģûȱ첲ȡ
ױЦ˶ˣӴ򿪡
ǰʮˣ鲻䣬˵˵һʮˣҿȴֻжʮˣһء
ױһЦ˵ʱûɵЩӵ˰£ιóԷ𣿡
ױʱ۾ָԶţ˵һҲ٣һٶأ
ױͷһЦݺݿӸղ˵ѾǶȥιˣôţҪҵЩ³𣿡
㡭㡭
۲Ѫ˿ŭױ÷ʱӺᰴסļ򣬿ױأ˵ʮһˣһ黹

ױЦһ˳Ц˵ͻȻıˣ
ױ㣡
˫ŭֱָ죬ױЦ룬ӣ˵ҲֵʮɣڣҪʮ񡭡
ػϵҲ֮ԶţպͬЦ
ƨ
ױһָϣȥöʮˡȫ£
жĲӣʱѾɫɷףȻױҪһУ˲ţҲ黹
ױһܽţҪʮҾ͸ˣƽģǲŵˡ
ױݺһЦӵĵط˵ʲôʲô˵پǶ٣ûѡŶˣ˵ǸˣҲױҪжݡ
ܿ죬ͻԸ
ƽ֮ʱȻһŮӵǺǣһҲ֣ô֣ҹȴӰ
˭棡£ױһȣֻһΡΡ𣺡ǣҡ

ױһֻŸֶÿˣһŮЮĶӣ˽
Ǻǡɫϸ˿У׹ӣ˵أ
˿Ю׻ˣȻºˣֻ£ط֮£ϢǱ˽ȥ
Сӡˡױ߼׻ʱЮסʱ
׻ʲô
ʱ׻¹ڲӣױȻŭ׻ʱºţãɥңǣŮԻңΪΪ
Ǻǡӣƽԩ˼ңᡣºһЦʱӣĸ˼˲ᱻס
֡
ױָǿ죬ŭӶȥҸģȡôڣԷ𣿡
ããھͷˡ
ױŭɶһ죬ץһˣָһ͡һʱѪɽһֻ
ѪԴʱʹĲҽС
ױݺݵٲſӾͽʮ˸ˣȫɱ˶ι

ʱһȥţױó֮ݣʮ棬ǳġ
˿̣Ȼɫ䣬׻ȥ׻˿̲ˣֺ㻹ҷſ
á
˵ͷһɲǣָ⣬͡һһҲ׻һֻ

׻ѪţʱҽвֹһĻŵһڳĿɿڴܿҲ˺ѹѹһƬŵĸ֡

׻ţѪϴָҽصֱͷƤ顣

ױʱ˫ĿѣôһӣȻƽӴСйˣ±ߵ˶֪˭һ¡

ױĿѣһ̧ҪɱǸȥˣһɲǣָһ׻ʺϣ㶯Կ


1871 
һ˲ü㳡Ѿŵĸ֣ûһ˸ϵļλҲûϵ
λ侲
˿ױҲ亹ֻȰױƷڲͷָҲ׻ʺϣħָһҲ˾ߡ
𡪡
ʱȻһҲŲеķŵſݶֹ
һͷ߽׵ķ
΢΢һԭһͷ峤ѱĸ߽׷ǿ֮ǳЩͽ׷ܱȵġ
ʱϵŴòסҡΣͳڹ㳡ϣһƬӰŵŵĵҲҶͷ׾ǰһλģǶҪöࡣ
ͷ߽׾
ºȥһ߽׾ƤޱȣٶҲʮ־ˣʮԶԸ
ɫ䣬ױص𣿡ױ׺ݣ׹⣬ص߲ǡ
ҽܹ߳ǡ˴̫ͣͣ徳ߣãǵߣмʤ㣿
ۼ˫ţ˭Ҳãòױȥһˣȷ˰ɣСʧ
ױҲµòֻһӰɣˣ˭̳ţҿţҪˡ

˿̸ܵϵɱ׻ŵ״Σˣ˰ɡ
ӱ죡ױ˫Ŀŭ𣬽Ҫ׻Сӻ£˱
֣ƣҵҪڣܷߵó֮زֻҪһûصͱؽܵ峤ֹ׷ɱ
ױ䣬ݺݵ̧̧֣Ա˿æߵ˵ȥɫʾ⽫͹ȥ
ǡ
̽˵ķǳϷסһ֮̽£ȻȫϣѾ֮κΣ
ȿȡ
ǳѪϣߵ³ϵĻǣԪӤ桭ԪӤûб١
ãá
˫磬˫̲ס˫Ҳͨ죬ºȥһȳȥ
šСġ
ºһۣԥ̴ȥˣһֶֻ׻ĺױ飬ҲӦԭɣ

ܵʱıɱ׻ŵȫֹױ˫Ŀŭɣûа취һӣȥ
һ죬ס飬漴һͣݵǧױŭ㻹ˡ
뿪ǣȫ֮ԻˣҸҿɲұ֤᲻ȱ첲ȡߣ
ҡ
׻ŵɷףɴʱЮ£˹ſڣֵŶˣʮ˻Ĺҿ͵ˡ˵꣬Ю׻ȥ
һ㳡ʱȻһ桭ȫʯͷ
ʲôģƽ޲ŵˣ£һҲߣ
һ˻δ뿪㳡ת˲֮䣬ѱָסˣֻױŭɶ˳ˣӣ
𡪡
Ҳһһͷ׾ͻȻ˫۶ݺݵһ˵ȥ·
ô졭
ºһ½˵ǼΪߣȥ磬ɲʮߣ˵߾ߵ˵ģҪȻղźαױôϻ
ʲô˼
ױŭƽصʲô˼ɱһٶˣûиˣ˵ʲô˼
ãõúܣҿһĲж
ͻȻױһ̧϶ʱ׵磬һƥѪֱ֮Χ˳ȥ

ױһȣξһ˲䱩࣬ȻһƳ˹
ģ
ºһһɲǣԥһ½׻˹ȥ漴ԪһƳױӭȥ
䣡
һƶϣ㳡Ȼŷ󷨣Ҳ˲ԲɣʱǿȥһЩŷ󷨱Ĺ¥󶼸Ʒˡ
ʱڳһҲĿɿڴʵ𣿷֮ǿߵѪȻͬһ㣬ʹôԶǶܹܵǹɿµĵѪϢ
˶ϢĸоǶԣⴿһѪѹƣǷ֮ǿߵѪѹƣλȥ֮ǰȻһѪ壬ǿܳΪ˻Ĺ֮һ
㳡ϣɳʯ˴˽֯һκ˶޷֮ѪȻֲױΪԶԶ䳤ϣڴʱѪӳ£˰Եţֻһ֧ѣ֮ǿߣ˿ֲ

׻ºʱҲŵɫ˫̱ղױͻһ£Ҳʵŵûɢ
ΪȻһ㣬㲻ΪƾһСС壬̫Ű˻˿ɣǰҰ˻ݺ֮ʱûλڵӰ


1872 ɱ
㳡ϣ缤սţŴʱһһǹɲϢǸŵˣԶڳΧ۵ߣʱס˺
ǰ˻˵ĲʱǵģԶչֳĲʵɵȻĵ̣Ҳͬ˾ηĵ
ױѪ֮ȼյ˼£Ȼ޷ԷԷŲߣ޷ԷΪ
֮ǰ˸˵ǿѹͷߣȷʵˡǿվֻһߣΪռһ֮أ࿹㵱ô
ʱ˿ͱ˵ʵ˲ѣҲʵλ֮棬̫Ű˻ˣɲ⣬ܹ̫Ű˻˷ͥģ˻Ĺ壬һ塣
Ǻǡ
ױ¶Цӹ˭ӵĵ̣ҪӵĹ£ˣҲøߵͷһΪ̫Ű˻ˣ
Ŷ
𽥱ƽױݺһЦãӾ뿪˳ǷˣӾͿڣܲߵó֮ء
ܹ߳һȥº˵ߡ
Ȼһ˻û߳Զͷ׾Ȼ˷һ˫Ŀ׺ݣ֮㳡ֹ
⡭
ŵĳ϶ס˺ͷ׷ǼǰһλģǿɿƲסͷ
𡪡׷һѣŵĻ棬ܷپһС
ߡ
һߣһɲǣԪԶ֮쳹һƥĲ֮ӿ˳ȥ׷òȥ߼¥ײ÷顣
͸иӡ
䵭˵ȥˣֻ¸ˣһĿɿڴʯһ㡣
ߣҵһ˳˳ǣ׻ŵɷף㡭ڿԷҰɡǰ˵õģ˳ǣͷˡ
һ˫۾ʱŵûҲҪԶţ㣬㲻ԡ
ܺôɱ³ϵ죬ǲҲһֽкá
һɲǣ׻µ˼㣬ŵһҲ˵ˣֻǻֹ
ҵȻ㡭Ϣʱ䣬ѡ

׻ŵȫһĿ¶֮ɫҲ룬һ˲˻ȥƾΪܹϢ֮ڣӹһλ̫徳ǿߵĻɱ
һϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
һ£һգָʱýâҫۣħָ˲Ϣֱƾ䣬һƥĽɫֱָзȥûκһܹ赲

׻ŵĵѣһɲǣױѾ˸һɫָƿշɫ䣺磡
λŵĳϸԥһ˲磬飡һħָײֱӷ飡飡ڶ磬ҲɲǼ飬λϾɫһףһ˲䣬˼ޣ֧һ硣
飡
һ磬ڴħָ˲䣬Ӧ飬λϽһѪ󵹷˳ȥ

ױʱĿѣһѽͶ˹ȥλϺµҲֵסħָһССĽ赲
ֻ顱һǰѽֱӱħָأһɲǣ͡һħָ͸׻ԴʱѪɽ

Ŷǰûɢױεѣ˫һ²Ѫ˿ֽס׻ʬ
ŵӺͳϣԼߣһ̶ˣղһָǾʲôķ󷨵סżλĽҲס
ʱڳ⣬һת˵Ǵȥ飬
ǡ
ºһҪһϺδ̫Σˣźܿ죬ĳϾͻʱһסǣߣҪ˳ȥ
ǧϺػ״֮󣬵²ԥ֣صص˵ͷҲСġ
š
˵ͷĿһԶȥ󣬲ع׼ҳȥ֮ǰΪŹ˼ɣ˶ˣκι˼ɡ
ܿ죬ױѾɱ˳ձɣ
Ŷ˫ָ󣬿ǰȺŵˣ˭һء
ҽʬΣ
ױ˫Ѫ죬ɱ¾֮ģȻֹ֪ǰ̫Ű˻˵Ĳ֮أôؽ˫սƽ˶İ˻֮أڲƽˡ
ǡ
һȺŸ֣һЦһ˲䣬ϾһɫѪƣԶ˽һصɱǼǡһʵɱ


1873 ն
ɱµɱŵиֽԸеһϣһ˲䣬Ѿһѽǽϸǳһ֮һѪۣ˲䣬ƣҲʱˣ졣
ǣǡ
Զߣһ̶ס˺ܹܵʱǰѽ͸Ϲ֮
׵Ľ
мλѾܳˣǰѽ֮۵֮Ѱ˸ܲסʱһã䷴ɣ˾һѽϣʱ뽣飬ֲϣصɱ
̧֣ὣǰһɲǣϵɱ·˼֣ǺɫѪҪһһΪһ塣
һٶ֣ڴʱɱ£̲סÿ˶ΪߵĽͣɱܶˣɱһΪЧ
ϵɱһ˶࣬Ǵ˿ǰһһɱ£Ǿִ粽еϢС
ɱ
֪˭һһٶˣȫһɱĽ⣬ɱ
ߡ
һߣΪһͣȴ֪ܺԷĽǿȴҪҲ֪޴
䣬Ѫһһҽһ˵ڵ۹½£иĲҽһƬһƬѪ졣
̶Ƭ̣һٶŸ֣ȫѪ۹½£ֶһ꣬⽼֣һ±Ѫ˱ǣּ䣬Ѫ
ĽڵѪصʬ壬ŵļ϶ˣЩ߸Ŀɿڴ̶Ƭ̣ɱһٶλ֡
ɱ³ϺҲһٶʱûһš
˿䣬ɱҲڲأֻһ׹ԨĸоǼŵĳϸһˡҪţ
ƾ㡭
ױ˫ĿѣͻȻ֮䣬ȫѪ֮ȼһ˲ɽ͵һն˹һ»Ƭ֡
ȻҵĽ
䣬˲ӰΣ͵һѪһױѾ˫ס˺˫ĿԲҲţղһ쵽˾磬˿̣Ѫ˳ָ˳

żλŵĵѣں߸ŵӣһͬʯһ㣬վԭأҲҶһ£ţһ
㡭ܡ
ױ˫źҲţһܽǵģǰûУˡ
ĵ۹½ʱܹܵдı֮У¼ţֻܸо
۹½Ҳֻʱܷӳκˣ˶õ۹¡
㣬ʲôҪ𣿡
ʱױױŬҪתͷתͷ΢һͷ͵ˡ
ţǾûˡ
˵ͷһͣ͡һ۹½ɳȥһ±նױ׼۹½նףҲ˲

նףŵĵھ˹һΣҲסˣû뵽˾Ȼ֮أɱһλԣո˵ģҪţ
һɲǣߣ׹˱ԨһֵؿųǸµĲ
㡭㡭
ŵļϣɱױʱҲŵһǿӲģݺݵɱ峤ϣؽչֹ׷ɱ
˳뿪֮ء
Ȼ仰һ̣仰˳뿪֮أҪѪɺӡ
𡪡
ʱ׾Ȼӳз˳չ˫ưصĻҳ
ߡ
ǰͷȻһԾ𣬶һնȥһ죬ԷȫԤϣ۹½Ҳûһͷն汻۹նеĵطȴƬɣѪܵһƬ
𡪡
ʹһ±ÿ˫һ𺣽£ΧһУɲǼΪ˻ҽ
Χ۵߶ѸԶȥһͷ׾ͬСɣһɵĳһЩΪе͵˶ԣǻԵġ
𡪡
쳹أһﵽ֮ϣķ̫ǿ㹥֮
ǾﵽԼһŭȥڰڣҪˤȥȻԡ֡ץˣҲᱻ˦ȥ
ϲ⣬ѪôԸ
ͻȻ䣬ŵ۹½žһֻ۾ȥ͡һѪĽǿ۾ȴǱ֮һ±㱻͸ˡ


1874 Ϊƽ
𡪡
Ϲһֻ۾ʱڿзڵø±߳߶ˣûмǴĻͷ׾Ǽǰһλ峤ģֻʱŰɣ
ߡ
۹£һ۴ȥ̶Ƭ̼䣬ֻ۾Ϲˣдʹ࣬춯أ±˶ס˶䡣

һ£䣬һͷдȥ͡һһֱӴͷ۹½һ½ͷˡ
ֹͣ˷ڣƬգѪһ£Ӵ׹ȥ¡һཨҵ÷飬̳þòɢ

Զ߶ˣڸղţ˾նɱһͷ׾ͷ׾Ǽǰλ峤ѱİתһ룬ױɱˣɱһͷʲô
˲ϵѪƮƮ˵ϣʱŵ˶ŵö²ѣʱԶȥ·ɱһѡ
ղǼųϣҲŵòᣬɫɷףȻ˵ˡ
˲۹½ϵѪҪţģھͿ뿪ˡ
һԣһ£˷ӦչԶȥҲһš
ʱǼŵĳϷӦҲȥ佣һָû˵Ҳߡ
ڵ۹£Ǽ϶ʱŵûҲһӣΧʱֻУȻֲĻӰһ̣Ƭܲ˵Ŀ¡
ӰʥһӡڡԪࡢɽ½塢ӡ
˿ͻȻֵ»ӰŵɫǸˣѵϹꣿ˾Ȼһλصʦ
ʦ
ŵĳҲˣʦ֣ǽһĴڣΪֲ̫ҲڣԺеʦͻȻʧһҲֻش˵˵ܹѾȥصԶħ֮꣬Ϊã˵ս޲ʤ֮ŷɥ
գͻȻֵĿֲӰܹʲôˣΪξꡭһ£ꡣ
ŵĳϣһ
֣еһ˲䣬ʥһѳǼŵĳչƣīټ
Сģ
ǼųϾѹƾǵΪֵܵסʥһӵľɱֶΣ

ֻһҽУǼϸĻҲûУһ˲㱻ʥһӵīΪ˻ҽ
ɷɷɷ
ɱ⼸ϺӰ˲Ϣŷȥһ·ϣƿֲŵóæȥ
ϿգֻеŵӴܣʣµʮϣʱ棬ԲԸţڿ֧ŷ󷨡
𣡡

ɲ𣡡

ҡ飡

ӰʱչһֽһֵĿըУ̼䱻ΪƽأˣһЩչصĳϣӳ档
ֱù̳ɢȥһЩӴǰһУţǿʢţ˿̾һƬ棬Ƭ߲棬ˡΧѲӰҲӰˡ
һմδţԼҵĵطˡֻٲһȷѪˡ

ʱѾ⣬֮ţֻΪױɱ³ϺһٶˣΪ塣
ʵ뵽ױȻһ޼ɣֻһŵĻһٸӣҲҶˣΪο˺޹˼ɣȻµıͰ˻Ĺ岢Ǻ֪顣
Ͱ˻Ĺ岻֪ױס˲ˣĬͬױʣòԴ˻ʾôΪģ
Щ˻Ĺ̫Ű˻ȻദھˮˮĹϵ˵УϾǰҶᡣ
ֻһΣ˻ĹҲãǵһҲգǶ̣ΪӺȴû뵽ߵӲһˡ
ǱȻģղţվͻиġš֣˻Ĺ壬˵һ壬壬Ҳͬš

һ֮Ѿһɽûпȥ׷ˣĿģҪ׷ˣܹɹ뿪֮ء
ϺȻһƬƸǶһ㣬֪Щѱķٶȼ죬ܹ׷ٵϵϢ
һʱȻӦǿϢǧ֮⣬ֱ壬Ѿɳλ̫徳ǿ׷ɱֹڰ˻Ĺļ壬Ҳпڰġ
˼ƺѾܾãûֱ׷ɱĸоˡţǻ
ķλ̫徳ǿߣĳϣױЩˣӴʱϢֱٶ֮ˣټλķ֮Ѫۺ͵۹½Ҳô׶Ըġ


1875 
֮ʱһɽϣɽưܵĹһ߽ϱһףűǶ
˰ʱ䣬˦׷ɱ峤ϣʩչɲʱѸеЩǰȥ
֨ѽ
Űţ·һͻᵹ֪ں꣬ճĺģϾŴѾưܲ紵òײડ죬ɫ谵꼱УһЩɭֲĸо
˽ȥֻϼᦲһµķ棬ܽƺ˽Щ֩붼㵽Ľȥ
˴ɣֻзܿ£δȥҲ˳ȥݷǰ֪Ǻ޽ѾЩˡ
ߵ׵ǰᵧȥĻҳķˣһ˵سɷ𡭡֣üԿࡣ
˵֮ʱȻеһʹҲԺ棬ԼԼ˵ħԪǸֲһɷһħ졭

ؿڣһɲǣ·ħԪﴦһɷһħ졭
¡¡
ͻȻŰǸոձķһ£ͻȻһµ

һ죬סһ˻ȥֱһԺǸʧ꣬ҲСһЩ
عǰϣղԺǸ˭һ֮ǰµħԪйأһɷһħħħǰѵǷħ˭
˺һƽСˣϣ˹ָԪʱͻȻӦ棬ɱڿ
˴ɽɲλȴɱǲҪɱ˴˴ƽɡ
۾Ѿͣˣվȥ棬ãĺɫ£ɽ֣ǿϢֱһɽϴ
мһɽ֮ϣϥĿһīµߣתһεѽǸգסˣ̸һɲĸо
ߵһվһµߣָָǰһ޷ȫΪͬһɲĸо
ұһһµߣָָϣм²ǸգҲγһƬ
šָоڿʼȤˡɽϵ峤ϣˣҲɡ
֮ʱɽĺ棬ҲӰҹĻᴹЩ˵ӣ͸Ϣɱ֮ǰЩҪǿࡣ
ʱмɽǸī۾δڣȴͨ͸˹ɱˣջδߣ
ŴҡβֹţֻһЩֱ̮ˡ
½߲ˣժ²ߣһ˰ɡ
ɽǸ䣬ָһ֮ϣȻɫĽΪʥһ֮¡
ժ²ߣұ㲻ǲš峤ạ̊́ϧˣΪϣΪ֮٣еڡ
ߣϷ򲻲ţһ²ĸУ
ͻȻұɽһ죬һƿնѸײڶ֮ƣ͵
߳
һ죬ɲ÷飬Ӱȴһ˲ʧˣ˿֮ʱɽ۵ķȥ
ӣ
ʱӦ˹Ȼ˷򣬵ķȴ˷˱ضԴ˷ѡ
ס
һɲǣͬʱ֣̫徳˺գһ³ͷȥסȥɽ۵·
ɾһ˲䣬Ӱִԭʧˣһ˲䣬˵ĺ档
ԭҪͨɽ۵ķ룬ɽ۷ȥ˳ֶѣһ˵ʵʵ飬ɲڣ˸޷жͼȴ˲ıλ
ÿٶȡ
ʹΪٸߣһҲȫûзӦ˿ٶȣղҪ͵Ϯǣǡһ̣üǰˣɵֶһ㡣
˵ƾˣҪסңûκοܣô׵ĻҲ׷ˡţѾܾûᱻ׷ɱĸоˣôϰɡһ˵꣬ɲչӰһ˲ʧˡ
׷
һ·Ӧ˹ȻӰΪ֮ߣܸܵԷϢ
һ죬һ޾ɽ԰˻֮ػϤֻǿ˿λڣˣӦѾ뿪֮˰ɣ
¡
ϺȻ𣬽˴꣬˿Զʵɽ壬λΪͣǾһԶԸֻ취˷ֿȻƣⳡͼҹĻõĻᣬһ£û˻ʶ񡭡Կʼˡ


1876 
ϸѰңдµϢȻڸûԶ
Ϲ󣬼겻Ъ˽µɽ·Ţˣ˿Լʮˣĸ֣Ѱټ
Ȼ֪ڸȴҪɼΡ
һʮ˵ͻȻһһɲǣĺ꣬Ǳøӱ䳹ˣʮͬʱתȥ绮һŲ֮ϣ˼ɭȻ¡

ʮ־һһ˲䣬뵽ĲǰΧɱ򸽽λϴѶϧһΪ֮˸ó㣬δȥͷѾɵϣʬͨһˮ
ϣ
ʣµʮҲ룬һߣΨɱ˶ԷǲлĻᣬǵΪԳ˶ԣǼߣɶԣ΢
ͣͣͣ
һ죬۹½Ѫ˲Ϣ䣬ѽʮȫնɱЪȴҲڸǲˣŨŨѪ֮
۹½ֻصߣʮʬ壬ûκЩɱ֣ûи飬ֻΪɱ˶ڡɱֵ³˵Ľ¡
ʱ⣬峤ƺӦߵʮˣ˾ɫһ䣬߸ˣɵǸϵ֮ʱµʮʬ廹ţɸȴûӰ
¡¡
ϵֹŽʮʬ壬һ̣峤ڱɫʱ뵽ʲôԷյ룬ơˣˣ

ʱȥҹҹһ·УԶԶ˦׷ɱ֮ˣҹɫΪڣȻɱ׷ɱˣգ˲أ׷ɱˣ٣ȴѾ߰˰ˡ
հʱѾҪ뿪ɽˣ԰˻֮ػϤֻƾĵͼҵ˻ڷλҪǰص˻˵ĵؽ磬ҪһΪҡĵطǰ˻Ĺһؿ뿪˻ĹĵؽˣҪ׷ɱҲûôˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ뿪ЩˣӦѾ˳뿪˻Ĺĵؽ˰ɣ
ҲҪ뿪ص˻ˣˣѾɱùˣĿ׷ɱߣܹ˳뿪ĿѾɣ򲻱ټˡ
˼⼰ˣԥͼȥϢһ·ҵķȥ

ͬʱ׷ɱλϣ˿˽ɫ˪ǵ˱ɱ䣬ȴûκΰ취סԷһʧأ񣬾ݲֻͣ»ȥҲѴ̡
˿̣īɫ֮УǶһɱֻղţյﴫˡ
Σ
ŴԣԱ˶ԽīһаصɱһЩ˵˾ͽ˵Σô˳ص˻ˡ
⡭
һԣҲܿ췴ӦˣߵһЩţ˵⻰˾ͽϴѵ
Ҫ֮ʱֱӻɱһ̣īɱ¶ٲɷǣֻһɷ֮
֪ˡ
˿̣Ҳʶˣô˻ص˻˵ĵؽ磬һص˻˵ĵؽ磬ǲ׷ɱȥôֻһطңǴ˱ؾ֮ء

⴦Ϊҡĵطɽ壬ÿһ涼˽ƣҪǿдҪôͨ쳹ΪҪôδȥֻ±ǽˡ
λѾڴ˵Ⱥˡ
˿̣һɽǰǰϣˣȻڴ˲Ϣʮ֮ǿϣһ
֪ҵڴˣȴȻǰأԼš
ʱӰˣ֮ǰϣī߾УĿ䣬ϣѾԶһɿɱ
Ŷ
ңңˣȻҲоó˵ɱѾ࣬Ѿɱģǰ漸죬ֻҪסѡ˵λҲţһܹһɱڴˡ
գ߲
ƽϵɱԽԽأﲻ֮ͬǰɽɲﵽǽƣʹɲΧ֮£Ҳû֮ǰô뿪ˡ
ʱգ𽥱ýһЩطһЩˣǰһУЩ˲֪ǲǰ˻Ĺˣˡ


1877 
Ǻš
ǰ˼İ׷ǲµʼҹһ䣬ΪŲߣҲ޷͸Ϊ
ߣ
³һߣ˫һ̧Χʱ״Ҳһֹ췣һ㡣
棬³֮³ó֮ī³óսܹ֮ҵĽƣ˵УѶԸһ
ղʱѾܵˣ⸽طѾ½ƣʱԶīߣһԷµĽУҪֻ¾ˡ

ת˲䣬³Ѿ˵ΪѾ˽⣬īΪɲ⣬Σ׵߾Ϊ͵ģҲСӡ
һߣ³Ҳһལһ๥Ϯ˵ҼйҴ⣬һ˲չɲͬʱʥһӵٻ˳
ɷɷɷ
Χʱ⼸ͻȻֵĻӰī߲˫Ŀһǡģ
£Ѿȥʥһӵʱסī³Ϻ³ϣרȥԸ׵³ϣ˶Ƭ̣⸽ĽƺһЩԶս֮˶ǰһ£ڰ˻֮ش÷з
ʦܣĴˡ
Զī³ϴһ˵ʱӿеӡͼʥһӵΪʥһ֮ϣʥһ꣬𣬾ô׶Ը
ߡ
³һߣ׵ƣЩ׵ʮͬһһϴ˵Ѫ֮ʹԵ۹½ҲشˣʩչŽľɱ
˿̣ӿ˴ѾԽԽǿ뾡ȥˣһȼ걻ʱ˳Χ֮ƣȻ׶༪١
ߣ
³ǿͼʱ˫һᣬ£ʱ׵Űһҵġž֮һƣףֱ˹
Ǳơ
Զս֮ˣһ̶ס˺ʹԶҲܹܳ³һưصĿֲɽͷ
ˡ
һҪɱˣֻˣһת˲׵磬Ҳͻⱻ׵ˣ³һƳԼϴԶī³ǿ˼ֶߣɫʱһ䣬֮ʣ³ϴһʦܣĪҪмƣ
³ֻɱ֪Էһƴȥʱ͵ش߶˵Ԩ棬һɲǣ۵ӰֳԨХ֮춯أһӰ·ɴܡ
ǡ֮
Զ˲֪۵Ϊǲ֮³ҲûϵʱҪƣȴѾˡ
顱һһش棬ʹܵһ𣬿³ȴøأΪֱֻۣûˡ
ǡ
˿̣³Ϣңɫɷѿղһ£ܵõĳȫֵסˣǾԲǲ֮
ʦܵģ
ī³ϼһ³Ҳ˲䷴Ӧ˹ȴѾˣղһ£ħָѳɣʱһָ˹ʹףҲԵֵħָ
ˡ
³ɫ䣬ղһ£Ҳʱ˲ɣֻǿǰһ׵磬ȻƾһʱĽ磬εסħָ
顱һӦ飬һָص³ؿڣʱһѪһ˳ȥ
˽뱻ħָУ㲻ҲضشһָȻѴѣϣԪ񣬶ش
ϡ
³أԶɽϣЩҲˣʱī³ϷӦԥһһɾ³³һ͵Զɽ档

³Ѫ˿Ѫֹ˵ʮ˽ŵĵѣæǰס˹ָơ
ղһָ
ԶļɽϣսҲѾһָ㽫һλ̫徳ǿشǾǺεͨʹڰ˻Ҳδ˵ͨ˵ʵֿ¡

³ɱ£¶ʱʮ׷ɴָܶһʮף۳һལһͳն
һ춯أƲɵʱӿʹ˿ԶˣҲȫܲסɰԵĽ
һնʱ۹½һ˲һȥøɽһ
Ѱ֮ѵֵ۹·â³ϵ֮ѳ뻯˿׽ʲ۹µɷ֮


1878 ӡ
ʦܣĴˣ
Զī³ʥһӵ꽺һһʱ޷鿪³ϣԱȸղ³Ͻ࣬ó֮Զ̶ԵУʶʼž롣
˿̣۹½׽һøӿ֮ϣɲɲ죬·췣ʱή١
ڰ˻ĽؽƼһЩĳط˼ޣԻ췣ֱƾͼصĵط
׵硪
ͻȻ䣬³ؽʱɫɽĽȺγһƬɫĻŷ֮ƣն
˽ȺƲɵȻۣҲӲ⽣Ⱥó֮佣󣬷ܽܡ
һɲǣɫѾնԶ߶ס˺ʹԶʱҲܸܵɻصĽ
콣µһ˲䣬Ȼһоһɳϸ֮£һ⣬һѰϹŲнܹ߰ٶʮѲнǵڹɽ磬򽣹ʱյϹŽȺ

콣ݺᣬȻ߰ٶʮѽǲнûһģȴǾˣΪϹŽȺҲǿ
̶Ƭ̣³ɽԭƲɵɴʱϹŽȺ£б֮ƣԶһĿɿڴǵʲôÿһѽǲнÿһѣ˿µ
³һ֮˿߰ٶʮѲнʲôһ۱㿴ˣϹʱڣɽ֮Ȼȫ˲нɾˣǷ֮ˣεõϹɽ֮ģܹԦ˵ɽ֮
߰ٶʮѽȷʵʮ᲻ɴݣǧ£٣߰ٶʮѽȴӲǷֺֻȥ߰ٶʮѲн׹䵽
ܿ죬³ϵĽȺѾֵס߰ٶʮѲнĹƣƵòȥеѾϵ
³亹˫ֽϱãʱɫԽԽ԰ףȴǾϹŽȺ֪⽣Ⱥֻû뵽ԶԸԶԶ˵Ԥϡ
ʦܣ
ī³Ҳ¶˾ɫһƬɫȺʲôʦܿؽҲȫֵס
Զ˸Ѿһָش̫ǿߵľѧٻ̫ǿƥе꣬ڻܼԦȿµĽɫȺǰδ̫ˡ
ߡ
һߣָһ߰ٶʮϹŲнƲɵһ³ϵĽ
ۣ
һ£³ʱ˲ĴˣѪһ󵹷˳ȥȻû³ôأɱ߰ٶʮϹŽȺˣһʱҲԻ
һ˲䣬ħָָʱýâҫۣһָ³ϵȥ
ʦܣ
ī³϶Ȼһ䲻ָ֪ʲôͨѧղѾʶʱԥӡһ䣬ڽʥһӵһͬʱУһɳ顱һһɫָײһ𣬵ʱøɽͷһԶߣһæ˹ס
ʦܣ
סħָī³һ˲˹ȥ³Ϸסʱ³ɫɷףҡҡͷû£ҡӡѹķ£˾ͽϹ
ӡ
ղŻ룬ʲôܹסħָʱǰжһƣһɫӡķӡԭһķ
ǰ˻Ĺӡ
ԶһЩҲϳ˴ԭǰ˻Ĺӡӡһֱ˾ͽ
˾ͽڰ˻ĹλܸߣΪɲ⣬ͬʱҲΨһһϣȴݵˣӡ˾ͽġ
˼
еӡ֮Ҫסģֻˡ
벻ջҪӡ
ī³üһ̾һֻ̣˫ֲϽӡӡһ³ȥ
ӡϣʢ͸һɼǿķӡ֮Сӣָһ߰ٶʮϹŽȺַ˻͵سǷӡնȥ

ȴֻһ̶죬߰ٶʮϹɽ޼᲻ݣʱӡ޷ס
ķɫһۼӡѹһջ߰ٶʮѲнͬʱչɲһɽϷȥ
ӣ
ī³ϼһɽϷȥӡһ䣬ǰеӡʱʢݡһ·һ㣬˲Ϣ׷һ͵سѹȥҪѹķ¡


1879 Ϲа
ӡī³ϴ֮£ӡһ·Ŵ࣬Ʋ赲
Զ˶ס˺ӡķĽƣһѹ棬Ҳδػѵõ
ɾӡѹȥһ˲䣬Ȼһڷз˳顱һӡһײʱɽһ
һ£˶Ըܵ˾𵴣ȥֻǿһɺڷɷɷɢ֮󣬸˲ڿ壬ղӡײһģȻһɫĹ
Ƕž֮ڶ棬ȴкɫɷȥЩаɭȻ
ǡ
һ̣Զ˶ס˺˽δ̫ŷǲ֪˿ĺڶֻ̫صķ̫ŷϾŶߺ϶ΪһͬСɣƾͨˣһУҲ
ī³˫һڶаɭȻӡһҲǷֻǶгһɺɫɷѪ͸֪Զ˵ѪɣǬӡȣⶦʵа֮
ֻ벻òԭҲ˺˵а
ŷӡһ𣬵аΪаааԶֻˡ
ߣ³һߣվаͬڴˣպΪ
Ǻǡ˼
챻˶Цˣص׷ɱңڵĿУǳ֮ʿаţλϣ̫ˣڵüʲô޳ܡ
ʦ֣ԣѹɽ£
³˵ʱѸٻָԪī³ϲԣҲãаҲգ۳ںԭ򣬽öԷȥ̫£һݻɽֺֻ
һ˲䣬ֻ˫ֲϽӡдʣһɫɵӡϣʱӡʢһ˲ǿ͵س̫ŷѹȥ
̫ŷԷӳԭеϾǷӡȻҲǷī³ͬӲԴ˿̣ڿУһʱ䣬ʤѷ֡
˴Լʱ䣬ɽ壬𵴲ѣиʱûκܹһ£
ʱī³Ƭսƣʥһӵܹ꣬ˡ
ˡ
ƺī³ҲˣսѾʱһ𣬷һǼֻº
ߡ
һһɲǣʥһѴƬս˳ȻһƳī³ϱȥīټ
һīټʥһǰľκīͬԪڣᱻīһһɣֻʹȥҩɽ⣬峤īʹٸߵҽҲûκΰ취ֻŶԷȥ
飡
һ죬ʥһһشī³ϱϣī˲ȫ
ۡ
ī³ȫһ𣬶ʱһѪӡƲסҲȻһ˳ȥһ죬һ½ⷨĵȻǺ÷ʥһ͵Ϯīһ£ܹõⷨ

ٿī³ϣɫѿ³һʥһӣסʦ֣

һʱ䣬ī³Ͼ޷˵Ĳϣѽīʴ֮³Ͽī֮󣬲ɵһǡ
лλķ
˿еӡһԶ˽һȻӡˣ
ӡڴˣ
ī³ϸһ±ɫһɲǣѾܵīģ̷ɰ޾ȡն׶༪ˣǴˡζ뿪
Ȼ˵аǾǿʲôа
һ˵꣬һǰе̫ŷȻɷɷ磬Զɽȥɽ֮ϣ֮ǰ³ϣħָشʱһߣ˺˹ӻơ
ʦܡˣ
ۼаʦܷȥī³϶ʱɫ䣬ɴʱѾˣֻ̫ŷɵͷϣʱѪХ󣬿ֲ
˶ˣϹаŵòҶһ˲䣬£̫ŷȻһѹ䡱һɽͷϵˣȫһƬѪ³ڣ˶УֻƬ̣ܽԪ
ʦܡ
ī³϶ʱĿѣ۲Ѫ˿ʱϵī֮ѾԽԽԣԱߵ³Ҳˣţʦа֮£Ƕδȥ


1880 ɱ
Զ޲һĻ𾪣ǹڶ˿£˵ľԪ񣬵а֮
ɷɷɷ
ת˲֮䣬̫ŷ£ֳī³Ϻ³Ϸһ˾δӦһɫɷ³ʱѪΧХֹ
Сģ
ī³ɫһ䣬ûӡʱֻǿ˹ֵʥһֹ³ָһ˲ʮѷɽһƬɫĻʥһӵֵ˺档
ʦ֣
³亹ǲ԰ûѪɫңǱռƣϵͻʣԷϻаķ
ɷɷɷ
̫ŷ׹ī³ǵֵסղʥһһīټʱīģԽǴ˹ֻյø죬һΪ֧Ųס
Сȥֻᡭ
ī³Ϻ£֪ԼŲ˶ˣʦҲˣһԼûˣƾʦһˣ޿Ǵ˶֣¡ֻһˡ
ʦ֣Ҫʲôʦֵģһ̣³Ҳܵˣ󡭡ʦֵľ
ʦܡҸղţ͵Ϯһ£٣ҩɽ⡭ҵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ʦ֣
³ϸ˫Ŀѣ˵˾ͽѾ쵽ˡʦ֣סǧҪ
Ѿˡ
ī³ɫԽԽ԰ףһΣҶС˴ˣʦܣ˵ķƼǿΨɽĽƣסˣڵΪɽ壬ΨмԪ񣬽߷֮ɱ󡭡
ʦ֣
³ϸһղѾµˣʦһн֮ľѪгɱ󣬿ɱ̫壬Ψв֮ˣԪ󡭡
ʦܡһΣҿܻزȥˣеӣˡ
һ˵꣬ī³˫ֽӡ͵ԼŴȥһɲǣŴһѪ顱һ̫ŷ˳ȥ
ţ
һ˲䣬Ѿܵһ쳣ĻϢһ˲䣬ī³аɻӰ𣬾֮ϣʱƳֱ߷帲ѹ
⡭
һɲǣʹԶˣҲܵһɿµĽϢ׷Զĵطȥٿɽ塣
ʱɽͻȻѸƶض¡¡ֱɳ̣һĻԶйս֮ˣǡٿؽ֮
Ҳܵʦɽļ䣬ʱһĻĻֳԺ
һɲǣ룬ջطһ˲չɲԶȥΧĽƣͬɽ壬һ˲סȥ·ϱĸһܹȥ
Ȱ
ֻī³˫һ̧ģ£һԪ֮ӿɢ˳ȥվһɽɵ󷨣һ˲棬Ҳѡ
棬ʥһӵ꣬Ҳһ˲ɢȥˡ
ʦ֣
³ɫ䣬Ȼʱʱӡס˲ʦֵԪ񡭡
˿ֻ̣ī³ɫɷף׷ԲԣϵҲ࣬·һӾͲͬһ֮ˣ;ƿݡ
ϡ
ԶҲˣţǺľԪ֮Ž˷ӡס
Ȼɱ󡭡
һҲסˣԪȼȻ棬ԼҲɡ
ʦ֡
³ϻţī³˹ȥ̧ͷԷΪʱԷģһ߿ʬһǰī𹥻ȻǱ֮֡
ʦܡΣôȥȵ˾ͽϸҸղţﴫ
ī³Ϣһһ˵ţĿǰ״̬໹֧գ֮󣬻꣬;ƿݣɡ
ãá
³ɬɱѳɣΣҪ˿棬ȵ˾ͽϸ
ǺǺǺǡ
ʱɱȻһЦΪƾ⼸ɽ壬סôߣ档
ֻ˼ɽм䣬£ӰƣԶ߽һϣǡ֮
Ѱˣɽѹѹɽ³ˣȻ޷ɱĽƣٻж
ԶҲѵɱҲѹס³Ҳס˺ôܣˡ
ʦܣõġ֮ڣܳҵɱ󡣡
ī³Ϣ΢΢̧̧֣³󣬿ɱ˵µʵȷʵҵԤϣɱұѪܡ


1881 
ߡ
һߣһ̧һ֮ХȻǽ棬ȴֻɽһ£޷Ʒֺ
һ²üղ͸ܵˣ󷨷ǱѰڿȷʵôȥġ
ͰĴɡī³Ͽ˵ʱ˫ڲϱӡɱȹ̡
˿Ե򶨴ݣΪסϧȼԪ˼ֻǽȵģ֪ˣҰ˻˵أ
һԣʱڳ˽ɱ֧ʱ䣬֮󣬻ĳȸϵǰ˻˵ȵȷʵһ⡣
³϶ͷҲ亹鵽һȻûκλأǰ˻˵ȵǾˡ
ʦܣýš
ī³ɫ԰ףʮ򶨣˻˾˴ңԶûô죬˾ͽ֮ڱص죬Ҫס
ˡ
³亹ʱȥмᶨһ뷨ǱΣҲҪסա
ܴʱԷʶóҪסʱ䣬ȻǿߵʱȻѲˡ
ղ˵˻˵˻˵ô˵Ҫȥ;л֪ҪʲôԲˣ޷ȡ
ʣµģֻа˻ĵǼλûбչصĳˣɰ˻ĵ˴ңԶٶٿ죬Ҳ첻ˣôΨԼ취ͻ󷨣һȶԷˣʱ߲ˣɲʬħѡ
ҪƴΨҵš˿̣ɽ忴ȥȻɱ߸ţɽ壬ѵǣҲ˵ɱߴŽǼڣɽĽƣҪεϣҲԺ޹˼ɵһС
ʱȥһգδҵ֮ǿֻǰװԼԪգī³ϿȥҲˣƣ컹ǰ׷ԲԣͷѾϡϡ裬īټԪȼջԪ֮ҲŲ˶ˡ
ɱϸʶ̽ɽ壬ɱȷʵǳ˵̫صΪصΪҲδܹȥǴﵽأֶΣǿдݻɽ塣

ʶܵ̽ȥ󷨣ȻڣϾܴһûκ󷨣Ǵ˵̫ŵһʮҲͬѾڡ
ҪҵɱڣĿǰһΣģͨ˲̵ʱҳ󷨵
Ѱ֮˽ģɣһ˵ɽ屾ʹʮֿµĽƣû˸ȥԣʹҲҪգȷһߡ
ɽ㴦ڣĽҲ׵ģãվһԣоõǿѾ쵽ˣټȴȥ
׼úֻһԾ֮ȥ߼۶ȥһɱ׵ĵطۣ
Ҳס˺ī³ϵҪҵܹ뵽֣Ҳˡ
ô죿
³üͷ壬ɱ֧Ųסī³ɫ򶨣˵صģƲ󡭡˵꣬۾Ĭ
ٿɱĵһɲǣɽԾҲס˺Ȼˣֻܳŵסãһ㣬ͻɣ
ĺҲʱһ˵ĸоҺ໤Գɽ屾Ľƣֻǽĺʶָо־ʲô
ڣģֻǵһҪǣͨ˲ܿ󷨵ڡ
ҪͨһͬǾвлҷ
׼úԥϥ£ͨɾһɲǣ֪ΪΣȻеظһʹ﷢һƺߣԺһİϤǶǰħڣǴǹʶ
ʧܡʧˡʧ𡭡桭ʧ뿪

һɲǣǸеоʹѣɫһ±ò԰ΪλͻȻ


1882 
ħ桭
ģҵת֮ˡ
һֵ̣ԺͷʹѣɫԽԽ԰ףʱˣʱʹӣΪֻǳܲסɱ
³ϼ״Ҳ˿ʦ˵ûɱʦֺľѪгģͨƵóȻڣͽԸ
һ֮ʱɱһҲͬʱһ˲䣬ī³Ȼ۾۾ǲŵɫ
ʦ֣ôˣ
Ա³ϲ쳣һ·Ӧ˹ֻī³ɫ۾ֵؿ棬૵ôܣͨˣôܡ
ͨ
³һ͵ɱ￴ȥֻת·ɱΪһ塣
Ȼɱ˽⣬ǡͨ仰ܲףܹͨοɱ󡭡
ܣܡ
ī³۾֣Ĵǻ֪˺£ֻ档
һɲǣ۾һɫ⣬ϳ𣬰𺳵֮
ôܡ
ԶҲˣѵ֮Ȼҳ֮ʲôˣΪξһܵĸоɱа취Ƴ𡭡
ԭˡ
Ѿҵɱڣԭ߸棬ģ󷨵ġڡ
ۺɽĽƹȻǿ󣬿ī³ѾشʱɽΪãȼջԪ֮Ҳһ֮ȻأҲĵط
˿̣֮зңңī³ϣҲµòĻԪӦѾȼյʣ޼ˡ
ԣī³ϲɵӾһһ˲䣬ֻжһɷĽһնȥ
䣡
һ죬ɽ𵴲ֹһ˲ĳ̣Զ˶ŵüȥɽ꼰

ī³ɫһ±ò԰ֽյ۹£һնȥ֮ɱѾҡҡ׹Ȼһ㣬޷󷨳ƿ
ܵ۹½ǿɱϾҲҪ䳹ƿ붯øĽУǵؤġŽ
Ž޴󣬵ȴᶯǡ콣ûùһΣΪ콣ֻʹһΣһʩչ콣һ˲佫Ԫȼ֪δһеУԪֺľ£Ǳɡ
ؽ࣬ΪÿʩչֻǰһԪʩչڶεʱֻͬĵǰһԪʩչΣȻֻĵǰԪһ룬ÿһεҲһ롣
˿̣Ĵʩչ콣ǲܵģʩչ˽ĵԪ٣δһƣװ׺ķԪԵؽõġ
˼⼰ˣԥָһĨȥһɲǣ㽫һԪע˽Уÿǵ۹½Ҫǻһͨɽ»δסһԪýˡ
һ˲䣬ƾ䣬ʧɫһһ·һΪһ壬һɫҫ۵ĹâֱĴնȥ
¡
ı٣ɱһ˲䳹ױɽ壬ҲȻ³̹࣬ףǸ̫֮徳ǿߣҲ޷
һ̣߶ˣһƬ̷գɽ³࣬·Ľƣʧˡ
ãǲſһӰ̳˳˰׷ѩ䣬ֻһۣ͸һϢĸо
˵סҡ
صڼɽ֮䣬˶סˣղɱǸһнԱݻ٣Ȼش˳
˿˶ˣǰĪĲҲһʼ̫޵ĸоǽÿһΣһθһ⣬𾪡ʧһǰһεĲʲôˣ
㡭
һأī³Ҳ¶˾֮ɫǰˣѵڰ˻֮ѾõĴ˵Ǹ𣿴˵ÿһĲնȥֱһλĳ֡
Ļ꣬ӦѾʣ˰ɡ
ӳ˳ղʩչؽԪһ룬ʱԲ˿ŲߣҲʵ
ʣ²ˣǡ
һ˲䣬ī³ٴγһӰҲ࣬ȻȼĻԪ
ϷʹɢҲҪ£
ī³˫һ𣬡¡¡Ͼһɲǣﵽ˼ޣ·оϨǰȼһ˲ĹâȻ󳹵׹ںڰ
ʦ֣
³˫ĿѣȻҲˣʦԻɢΪۣҪԷͬھ


1883 ɢ
𣬵桪뷣
ī³ϷһХһɲǣǿ֮ȼ֮ʹﵽ˴ǿ磬һ޷ͻƵľ硭ȴյ֮ʱﵽˡ
ϡϣ
ī³ȼ֮Զŵӣʹ˳һҪﵽľ磬ȴֻͷʱӵǶ̶̵һɲǣһ;ԭһ·
һɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫһɰƷ츲һ㣬ֱӿȥ
δӿȻ޷ղŷؽһԪʱе۹֣Ҳʩչֵܹī³һʽ
Ҳ޷ʩչʩչһ˲䣬ҲԽסī³ϵĻǣʹ
ʲôʽܹһī³һ˿ǿԽԽҪ˺ѣŵ۹½֣Ҳ̲ס
ڻӿһ˲䣬Ժ棬Ȼһһʽ񷣡
ӵبųǵڹɽ磬򣬶Ը֮ʱµʽ
һʽ񷣡һ˲һͬ罣Ʋɵ
ī³ǻײʱ˵ƣɽ壬һɲǻҷʹ˿ԶˣҲһˡ
¡¡
¡¡֮׹ңվȻˣУɳ̣գֱã̳һһɢ¶һֻĲ
Զ˶Ϧ£ֻŵ۹½֣Ѫγıˣī³棬ǲʵؿգһһ㣬Ϊҽƻ֮У
ϡ
˶ĿɿڴؿţԶҲګګʱϦø
ʦ֡
³˫ᣬ̧ͷһˣ֪ʱǴ˶֣һ˲䣬ԥ˫͵һӡԶߣֻ̰лȥлᱨ
īټ
ǣתߵһ˲䣬ʥһȴһƾն֣ǰѸײڶ֮ƴһī𣬡顱һ³ϱش˳ȥʱѪֹ
뿪أ
ɱ
֣һ³ɫ䣬˹ǻȴһȵʹ·һ˲ٻˣͷһؿڣʥһӴˣȫǺɫī
㡭
³һ²Ѫ˿һѾʼ־ģǰֻһֲӰ
¡
һ죬³ϱʥһһƴɽͷҲûҷ
쪣˶㵲Żƻ£һűĲߣɱλϣǲ߲ǲ壬Ȼǲݵľˡ
飡
ָһʥһӵĻӰһ˲ʧ˿С
ԶɽϣЩĿɿڴ˿ȥɱλϣѾˣǰЩν
ڣ뾡뿪Ϊղôһ˲䣬ѾӦһǿʶ̽˹
ңɽѾ˲٣ǰûκ谭Ҳûκ˸ȥ·ֻǴﵽ˻˵ĵؽ磬ٻҪʱ䡣
λղŶˣǱɲһУǾȡ
һߵ˵ţһԶȥˣ˿ȥӰĿɫʱȻ޷ع
ʱԶȻһǿϢԭѾȥʣʱͻȻһɫ⣬߷˹˲Ϣ
ǡ
һ̣ڳˣһ⣬һ͵һϣһЩ΢ĩ֮ˣ˿Ϣ£ŵ̲סҪϹȥ
˾ͽ
мΪԸߵȷӦǿϢϢ˾ͽˣϣȴϣ⼸ǧΨһһϣȴΪϵˡ
ת˲䣬һɫ֮ϣһһɫۣҹĻᴹϡɼµգ뷢ףȴ˲ϵĸоֻһɽĸо
֮䣬һֳɽѹֻһվ⸽֮ˣûһҶġ
˾˾ͽϡ
ǿϢ£±˶һЩӴģ˴к
֮ˣϣ˾ͽһΪɲ⣬ǧǰѾڰ˻֮سΪǺǺˣ˿ԿӣģȻ𣬶һ
˶ϢòҶղʣµЩˣѾŻ뿪ˣ˾ͽļδǡ
ʱҹĻᴹ˾ͽϵϡɼ⸽ٵɽ壬򶷺ۼǴĿģϣʼûκα顣
ˣȥˡ
ãŴ洫±ߵ˾һΡΡղȥķָȥ
˾ͽĿһһ˲䣬ɽ׷ȥ̼ʧҹĻС


1884 ˾ͽ
ʱѾǧ֮⣬һбҲ񷣬Ʊĵ棬˿Ѿܵ˾ͽ׷ϢˣôԶҲܵõϢ֮ˣѴ֮޿Ǵ˶ֻ֣ӣӻذ˻˵ĵؽ磬Ͱȫˡ
ȥʱ䣬һ߻ָԪһ˻˵ĵؽȥһ·ϣвٰ˻Ĺڽӵ˾ͽЩ׷
ЩССɣһ̫徳ǿ߶ûУ޷Ƭ̶ѣգʥһһɺʣµĶˣҲĿŵ
ʱɱλϣ£ҲȻڰ˻֮شˣɱλ̫徳ǿߣǺ侪ˣ
Ϊ˻Ĺ֮һʹŷ֮ǿѪ̫徳Ҳָһ£ֱӾʧλ̫徳ǿߣԣǳصĴ

˿̣ڰ˻ĵλأһε飬ȻҲ˵ˣڴ֮ǰû뵽һôھ˾ͽϹˡ
ô죿
˶ŵλīɫ۵ĳϣ˵ʦ֣Ϊߣҹ
ãҹϲſڵһΣ˾ͽˣΣҪȷȫ
ҹϣ˼ǡ
±һλµĳȥղҹôһ˵˶֪ôˣð˻˵Ĳڰ˻Ĺأ
ʱڲδЩüչڲϣʱ֣񵱳һܸоʲôҪ
ϵ˻ûϢҲ֪·Ƿ谭ǱߣΣգ˾ͽ׷ɱܲģ
һĶ棬ҹò˯ˣֻᱻجξѣμѪ׷ɱ
塭
˿̣δվڴ̨ߣָһ̣Ȼü亮£ǴǰǸƤɰһ֣ұȫ嶼̳ʢ֮࡭

һգһϷɽվмˮļ˵һֽ˻˵ĵؽ磬һβСľ롣
չ˹֣㿴ɽͷϣмӰмǸ׷꣬Ǽ뷢׵ߣ⼸ϵϢ̱ǰǿࡣ
׷ɱ·ϣڱ׷ɱ·ϣţǶ˽ˡܺá
е߽ˣǼЩУԽ£ֻ˾ͽ׷ᣬ󲻵á
һ߿Ȼˣ߲־ܰɣҵҲֻǷã˻ڡ
ƾǣҪң֪³Ρ
ǾͱǸˡ
£ͻȻ⼸˱Ϊ㲻öߣ֪ôǽ˵ĳ󷨣ʹü˵࣬ͬʱһɽƣ
˵ͺܶݣƫƫеˣ
ЩΪ˾ͽ׷ɱԪģҪԸ⼸δ̫徳ߣȻ׾١
ֻƷһˣһ±ɢ˼˵󷨣Ǽʧȥƣȴܿȶٴ
ûйĻٻʥһӣʱ⼸˾һƽ𿪺󣬱չɲ뿪⼸˿뷨ƫƫӣӲȴϽס
ܿ죬Ѿܵ˾ͽϢˣʱϺȻһһƬӰΧһ𣬾һͷ޴ķ
׷á
һ¸ܳǰͷϢ֮ǰͷ࣬ˣٶȿ磬Щͽ׷ܱȣͷڣҲӲ⼸˵ľ
ֻǷչ˫צ繳͵سץҪڵϣһͷ׷ֲᱻ֮ˣһ˫ֲצڵϣһʱƬ̾ѡ
ڷһ˲䣬׼ᣬʱչɲһ³˷Ϸڷıϻվһӣͬһһ㡭
ͷҵˡ
˵ʲô
վҵϡ
һŽӴȥ֮ϣʱϲϷڣҪ˦ȥ
Դ͸ʵ㡣
ָһħָ˲һ°֮ϣٶǰɣԴϻһ
𡪡
׷ǿ񱩲ѣƺҲܸܵħָ̲صĿֲΣֻ˻˵ķȥ
ʲʲôȥǸһȻͷ׷ʧˡ
ʱ˾ͽҲ׷˿һۣǼ˶ʱŵûֹڵϲģ˾ͽˡʵڡ
ǻһ𣡡
˾ͽɫһ⼸ڴ˴һ£ûסԷͷ׷
˾ͽϣ㣬ҽ͡
ŵû겻壬ͷҲ̧һ£˾ͽûĥߴָһֻһâ׷ȥˡ
⼸죬ÿο׷϶ԷʱԷһ˲룬κЩŭ꣬ԳȣղſǼ˸Էͷ׷㷢ˡ
ܿ죬׷Ӱǰ棬ŷô׷ЩָһŷԴҷɿһ㣡
𡪡
һʵŭ˫һٶʱӿ첻٣˲Ϣֽ˾ͽ˾롣
ߡ
˾ͽɫ䣬һ̧֪ʩչʲôֶͨΣֻΧɽȻѸСϣһֻɽƣֱѹ



1885 ʱ
ΧľѸСһֻƣԽԽؿһֻۣ˾ͽӰ˲ϢȽ
⡭
һ£ʱаض̫徳ǿߵĳͨʱٿٶȣҲƬգΪһƬգѾ˾ͽ̫徳ֶΣĳ֡򡱣κһУӲ⡰򡱣նᱻѹָɽ¡
һֻƣѾԽԽһɲǣϣǰһУ񣬽˾ͽķ򣬵ǲҪһ㣬ԪӤźİӤ
ȻԴκԪӤ򣬲ԼһСأ޷˾ͽ˿һַ棬˾ͽͬһĴڣûκ˿Դ
һӤȻɴ취򣬵ΪˣûзûзҲǲκηޡ
һֻƣѾѹֲ򣬾ͬؽһûκܹѡ
𡪡
׷Ҳڴʱ֮ⷨ£ɪɪֲ̿Դȥ
־岻ѣʱѾûа취ֻóϸѹƳȥȻѹһ˲䣬Ӵ˲Ѫɣһƴ÷飬һĻҲˣ͸һһ¾֮д͸˳ȥһ˲ʧʲ
ţôᡭ
˾ͽ׷ղһĻЩţԪ֮ԪӤķôܻᱻֱӴƣԲܣô£
ٻ⼸죬ÿ׷ʱԷһ˲ʧӰʵ̫ˣھȻķԽԽԿ͸ˣԷŲߣҲ޷ȥ͸Ϊٸߡ

ȥգһգѾӽ˻˵ĵؽ磬ǰһˮļ˻ϡ
Իӡӣǰ˻˵ĵؽ磬⸽սۣʹѾȥ£ΧɽԿɼٻۼźӣȴʼҹᣬ򶫡
ת˲䣬Ѿں棬˾ͽϢҲƽˣЩ˾ͽҹ׷ɱѾľƣǲܶԷԪӤƣֻ׶༪١
Ҫӻذ˻ôߣ
˾ͽ۱䣬ɱŨһ˲׷ָһһƥֱָȥ
Ϯɱһһ̸룬ǿȫԪħָһ˲ɣ顱һָײʱ·ˮǧ߸ߡ
֮ⷴһ䵽ߣʱѾڰ˻˵ĵؽ磬˾ͽںӵĶ棬ʣƥȻ׷ɱѾǰ˻˵ĵؽ硣
ղһħָ˾ͽһǧ꣬ΪԶ֮ϣԷ׷ɱ׶༪ˡ
˾ͽô̫Ű˻˵ĵؽ磬
ѾľʱϵĲƣⱼڵĺһ磬Է˾ͽôĸ֣ضɵ
Ǵ˿̣˾ͽϣȴκһ˿ɵеֻ޾ĺɱҵҪǲġ
£˾ͽȻһƹ˹ͣ·ˮڲֹǿƵһˣʱãҪӲ˾ͽһƣʬħɣ
Σһ̣ߺȻ䡱һһµס˾ͽһ˲䣬ֻӰѾǰ
˽뷢׵ߣһī£Ϣһ£ɷǣһ£۱䡭ˣǰ˻ĵλϡ
Ŷ˾ͽͻȻֵˣҹʯɽһ˰ɡ
ҹУһЦ겻ˣǲ֪˾ͽϣպιʴ̫Ű˻˵ĵط
˾ͽȻĿ䣬ָָˡǰɱλϡ
ߣ
ɽһӼң˿̸Ǽģð˾ͽҪĻվ̤Կ
һ±ýҹɴŵЦݣĿһ˾ͽϣȥͺͿ˾ͽ̤ӣ˻˵ĵؽ磬顣
Ǻǡ
գ˾ͽһЦʹٸߵΪɶԷʱˣټһزɵʱҪǿжɺץˡ
ɽ˵Цˣҵ˼ǡð֮ڣҪ뿪˻˵ĵؽˡ
˾ͽ䣬ɱͿţȥĿȫ֮ɫ
ꡭһۣص°֮ķͷݶѾ߸ˡ
ߣ
˾ͽһߣһһ⣬ʱķȥˡ
ȥķ򣬴ʱ˼ƥΪôöԸ⼸˲ٿ࣬лᣬҪɱ˴ˡ
ã˾ͽϢȫʧҹϲһҲ˿ʵû°ɣ
޴󰭣лλϷų֡
ǰλΪİ˻ĳϣ˿һֻ֣һ˵ĸоˡ
šû¾ͺá
ҹϵ˵ͷ˾ͽ뿪ķȥ˵˾ͽΪߣ̫Ű˻ľδȹ̣ܹӴֵѣѾǷǳסҪסĵˣֻԽԽǿ
ǰλҹϣܸоԷʱлּ죬ʵλϽǰǷбʲô飿
Ŵԣ˱˴˶һۣҹϵȷһ£Ǳ߱˵
£˻ĵķȥһ·ϣҹֻ˵£Ҫȥ˻ĵȴδ˵ǹʲô飬룬λϲ˵ǾͱȻʲôС¡
£δյ˵ѶϢ֪Ƿȫص˲˵ǰϵȻزѾȥ£֪ǷѾȻأҪȻزڸղλԣǲһ˻ĵ
⡭λϱ˴˿˿ҹϵ˵ͷҲУżȻȥ
ã£ȸˡ
뵽ôã˻δѶϢЩĲ£ʱλϹ˹֣ȥʱҹͻȻסȵȡ
ҹϣʲô𣿡
ͣҹϿ˵ʲôȴֹֻûʲô㡭·Сġ
šáûٶչؽǱ߷ȥˡ
ãֱߵûӰҹԵʯϲſڵҹϣȷôҪ¸𣿡
ҹȥķ򣬹ãһ˵Ͼǲ


1886 
˵һˣز;Ҳ⵽˰˻ĹǧػλϣҲΪġ
һգʱ֣ĵؽ磬Ѿ̫Զˣһ㣬վִܵһ㣬ܵ
ǰϿˣˣ߾衣
ǧأϿأǰһЩ㵽ؽ磬ھʣһ·ˣϣʲôʧ
ǧϡ
ʱºģҲʮأ˿ǰĺɫãĳɽ룬˵ѾˣϿҹ޳ûҪҪЪһޣߣ
ʱ˶ͣĺɫµһɽ壬Խ˵ɭоϿҹ޳ûǲ٣ʱó³ĵǣҹޣҹϿ
ءء
ʱȻһƬѻڶϳȥȻޣǲ˸մ֮ӳ־ŵ֮ͬ
š
ǧϿǰߵɽ룬һԵػϿȥػϣΪΣ
ػǰĺɫãɽ壬ֿ˿ʱŷǳϣüͷʵϣҪ𣿡
Ȼ˶뾡زҹζ࣬ھͲһ·ˣ;谭Űҹʱܻص塣
³ҲеϿصվҹﲻߣһֲֻ׶Ը
λϡҪȻ
ʱһģǰɽ뿴һۣԸ˵ʦǰ̽һλڴ˵ȺƬ̡
šգػϵ˵ͷ˵СһЩҪɽޡ
áӵ˵ͷ󼸸ʦܿ˿Ǽ
ܿ죬˵ӰѾʧĺɫֵɽǶǴ֮ǵյطģΣյĸӦҪѰ౶
ԼһɫˣղȥļˣʱڳˣΪӹֵλϣղʦܽ룬δ쳣
š
ԣǧػ϶һۣºȥȻûΣգ²˳٣Ǿ綯Ϊá
վҹ̴Ͽأ±㲻ٶԥɽͦǧҵɽɫøӻ谵ˣط̫ղʯᾣվǺһڴʱĺɫã£Եɭ¡
ע۲ܣЩ
һ˶ϢСƬ̣֪Ȼţʱ滺٣ʱתɴʱ棬ȴǸһĸо֪Ǻڴ˴ࡣ
СһЩǧ䱸Ͽأ˻ڴ˴
ϡ㿴
ȻһԶһɽ壬Ŀ¶ɫֻɽ۵ͱ֮ϣһ˰״Ǹѩߣһɫۣ˫գǴﴫֻǾɽȷص˲Ǵĸ
ǧ̽䱸ҹĻ٣ڴ˴˱йŹ֡
һɽ۶Դ࣬۾ƺδע⵽·һˡ
߰ɡˡ
ͬ񾭣ʱĵӣСϿﴩ˹ȥֱã
ղˡùŹ֡
º˫ü˵ʱؿһۣȴ֪Ǵʲôһۣɽ֮ϸʲôҲûУ˴
ˡߣ
ǧأػǰ·һɫˣʱ֪ͻȻ
ϸת磬ˬĸо棬ԽԽ죬ƽ̤ɽȡ
˭ڵ٣
羪֮ɱصʱԭأټǰ˺Ƭ̣滺ֻԶһɽͷϣ±߿ɵң£һµİ׷ߣ٣ϥϣղǴƣҲԹԵıĿࡣ
һ̣˶һشߣֳһ֮ˣ棬ʲôŹ֣
ߣ
ǧ䣬ҲȻһɱҪʲôŪ飡
һƬ̣ǺҲʧˣʱɫҹĻѿ콵٣ֻһ˿ˣʱ˵ǰֳһɽ壬ɽ֮ϣؾһñʵߡ
īɫ£罣ϻ裬ˮһҲһž׵Ľ


1887 
ǧϡ
ػɽϵīߣǧϿһЩںߣǰ̽·һȻ૵ôᡭˣǸղʱ򣬸ûп
ºҲǰɽдֵīߣһ̣ǺȻʲô૵١ʷ棬ˣѵǡ
ߡ
ǧĿһ˼ǰɫԽԽһ˿ͣҲ𽥱ڰɣ˾ţߵʱʱмֻѻɳˡ
ȵȡ
ʱǧͻȻͣҲͣǵǣʱԵýţգʵ˸еϢ
ģһŨ˶ʶ˴˿£˹ǧɢһЩҪ
ԣԭڿ£ˣ˴˶һۺֶѸٷɢ˿ڸ˽֮ʱ֪Ȼһͻأƽĺ棬Ȼ˳ӿɵһš
װŪ
ǧһһɾ³һ½Ũɢˣ˵ǰĶɽ壬ҹĻᴹ£Լɼɽ棬վһӰ֮ǰģ֮ˣ֮ˣ֮ˡ
ɽϣǴߣʱֿʼ˫мɽϣҲʼ٣ұɽϣīʼӣڰдһ
ºǰһվͿ⣡ڴװŪ

һ˽Ըܵûɣ˵ĵУʮֲֻֿˣ־ʲôȥư˻Ĺˡ
ǧǰߣɽϵˣ䵭δ̣λγƺ
ڣֹͣˣмǸ֮˴ʵ飬ˣԹȥ
һԣǸǽλվǰ棬·ˣȻܹܳ˵ĵоԲǳΪǲûмҲû˵ˣ٣ʡ
ػϵλڴ˹ʲĿľΪ顭ޣҲǰʧ֮ˣȴ뽫УգҵȲó飬λѣִΣ
Ҳס
֮˵˵ţ䣬һھֱ͸ԪǣǧϺػϵһָ顱һ˵ָһ𣬾ŽһֵסΧĲľɽʯһƬ촷ۡ
һأɱɸղһȴƺɱ˵Ϊǳߡ
˿̣ߵĶֿ֮ˣˣǶ֣飬ǻ£Ҫ˳֡
ߡôĿ
ǧ䣬һɲǣɫתһɻİ˻֮ϼ˳
š־أǽ޹ǧϡ
мĸִ̧֮𣬵صǽ֣Ҳ˵λܷȻȥǼλЩӣǵУһܹס
ԣǶһʶȥΪߣ֪δ˶֣οǾƣԪġ
飬ɱ
ʱұߵīҲеıʣǿϢͬʱѹʵϢѡ
֮ʣ֪ȻнŲŵ£һĽŲע⡣
Ǻǡ
һĵЦӺڰд˾һʲôˣһˣ˿޷֪Ϣ
Ŷʱмɽϵĸ֮˵ڵԭеڴˣһ
Ͽأ֣Ǻǡ
ԽԽȴʼտҲ޷ֱϢڣͬһĴڡ
˭
ºһǺڰһվԣ䱸֪˴ˣ־ǵѡ
ڣڰһӰ˳һۣϻһߣȻǲԸ˿òҲʮֿ飬˭
ºһˣԷϵϢȫ֪˺øߵΪ
ĪϤ֮У־ô£Ϊܸо·ˣģڲһ˫۾һ˫۾
㣡
ºȻһǺܶǰˣǴΣգ㶪һˣҲǴߣ޷֪Ϣһ˫۾дһ˫۾


1888 ʥ
³ϣʶˣ
ºȻʶغӣ⼸ҲЩ죬Ϊͣʱȴȫ޷ӵΪӸܲϢ޷ж϶Էʲôˡ

ºȻʹ˿ѾڣǣһǵǸˣǵ꣬Ҳ֪Է˭Ĵȥҹһˣ˻֮أû˵һˣ⽫ʱԷҲʧһҲûгֹ
û뵽գԷֳˣΪλֵɣʲôˡ
Ǻǡ
Ӻڰ˳ɽ忴ȥЦ棬ʦվȻңܹڴͬʱλ
桭ʦ
ţɵ΢΢һһȻǲû˵ţˣ꣬ǲŲ֪
ԭλѡ
ǧɽϵˣǰ߳ǰˣǵʢһʱġʥ
岻κǰ֪ʲôʣһҹʧͬ桢ʦˣҲӴʧ䡣
벻ʱ꣬˾ˣ벻ǣ񲻵ģϢ˷츲ر仯ϻһɿıɱΪλͻȻ¾Ѱ
벻ʱ꣬Ȼ˼ǵ˵֡
ɽϴʦ䵭ӵȻһЦλĸմʹȥǧ꣬ǡ
ߣºûȥɽϵ˭Ŀֻǰغϣ˭
ôǻô
ʱӻعͷǿһۣ֮ȻԲҪһڴ˵ֵʥ
ߣ
Ҳȥôˣ˭ҲʥΪλͻȻҪǣȫز
δ£ߣ
мɽϣʦָһһʱ˫ѣһ죬һ³顱һʦһֵסˡ
ߣ
д˵ֵʥԥ̴ȥˣɽ棬ͬʱ֣Ҫˣɾ˳ֵ˲䣬Ӿһ»˸赲סˡ
һƼͨʦ˫һµǺˡ
ôǺǡӵһЦҰ׶ѣܱȵλͷ˵Ҳա
Զº߻ͷһۣ˭˵˭
ߣ
ǧҲԥ赲ʥ뾡콫ز
һֱ°ҹʱһбңڴϿأǰһЩǲĵؽˡ
³ϣˡʶ𣿡
˿̣ºԾЩګګʧԺ棬ϿһĻ˹ʵ
ˡ
ºعҡҡͷ꣬ϵߺûȥһߵ麣Ҳ޵䣬ǴΣգ˾ңʱǸˡҲߣҿòҲܲϢֻ֪ΪܸߣһˣҴ麣˳ʱѾˣЩ׷ɱҵˣȫˡ
˱֮ˡ
˿˵ػҲ˳˼ԷһΪĪ⣬ȴĿʾˣǵѣ־ʲôˡ
ǧϣô
˼Ƭ̣ػǧϿȥʱǧüƺδӵ飬˵˭ʱò²⣬ʥǲ𣿡
˻һ˶ʥκʧô꣬Ϊδ˴λͻȻһ·飿
ػ룬˵һҲʥɣҲûޣѵǡָʹֻ˭ָʹ
ٴĬʱһֱûпڵķǳϣȻ˵꣬ϵ뿪֮ʱ˵ٶؽһȷѪ꣬޾ۺϣ޷룬´ңǡһ˳ֹ֣
ԣֳĬϵĻ̫˵й¶Ǹˣָ˭
߰ɣȻز塣

շת˴ҹص˲壬ʱ£ڽ飬ȫĴ˻
ϡ
˻δ뼲˽˿˶ڣȴΨ
ºȥ֪ģ˵ţ㲻õģʦ£ܿͻ
أ
δ뿴ǰˣʱĵֻ˻ȴηģ
ǧϵյߣסˣѾȫأػϣȥӦ˵꣬ػ϶һۣ˸飬ˮҲ˲úһڣȥˡ
ǧػ
һ죬ҪסǶˣǳҡҡͷû¡λΪȥɡ
գǧػλӰʧҹĻ£һŻعͷһ·ľգ飬ˣ˫ڽ޹ľ޹Ҳˣ޾ˡ


1889 
֮ʱѾŷǳȥؾˣʣºڲδ˰ҹ
ţҪȻ޹ʦõģ˻ĵҹ֮ǰѾȥˣѾˡ
š
δ˵ͷ漴ºȥ棬Ŀȥʱǳ֮ѷطĲľѾʼή㣬Ҳ֪괺죬ա
Ȼ䣬֪ΪΣȥȥݣƼСĹ£ãȴ޾
˼ӣڷ˶ԣ֮ʹҲ޲ߣ˼ӣѩƵѾûֶΣܹһ˸֡˵˵ھڤҪһ˵ȥڤ磬۸ڤ
һɲǣԺǰãµĺڵ֮Ԩڵ۵Ļ
ԪѾˣ㱾һӦȥˣˣȴǿ˼˼Ǻǡ
ҿĹȥδţԼ
һ̣δһںڵ֮Ԩֲĳ߲ϻڵ۵Ļ
ˣˣ
ԽԽǻңֻ˫ֱţڵۣڵۣˣˣˣ
šŶ㡣
Զ֪ʱŮʱģ˶ԭأδعǰŮһʱֻβѣʵǡôˣ

ŮګګĿ˺һʵŶ㣬ո˵ĳڵۣڵۡ˭
⣬⡭δЦЦҡҡֵһر˷ļһ
ޣ˷
Ůգһ˫ˮĴۿǸãǲ֪ڵ֮Ԩ֪һֲĴڣǻδ˵ر˷ļһ

˵޹ºߵ棬δ빬УԶһɫѵ
ĳϣô⣿
ºͣǻӣӣ޹Ĵϣо£ǰƾһ֮ľһʵɼһߡ
˵ǽˡ
˹ºһûشĻǶϣʵĳϣϢƺЩңǸմӱĵط𣿡
Ǻǡ
һЦֱһ񣬲Ҹմ֮ʱһõξϢ
ô
ºһתһȦٴʵ뿪ʱ䣬ĳһֱ޹ûгȥ𣿡
Ȼ
µ˵ţºЩŰɣſʵղ˵֮ʱһξ㿴ʲôˣ
һ˵ţһϸϸ˼ĳһΪɲ⣬ĵУΪһξϢ
ûʲôķȥǻʱ򣬿ʲôˣ
º˵ҲͲˣ˵ϿػʱѾʧʥˡ
Ŷʥ˼
µһЦ˵棬ʦڰ˰ǰʧ䣬οҲ˼ĿǺԶ϶ˣʥ
ʲô
ôһ˵ºҲһԺ棬ϸϿһĻ
һ̧ͷǰľĳϣ˵ΪܸߣϢز¶һһ˫һ罣ǳ˵á
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ¼䣬ʹ˶ȥˣˣ϶˾ʥô
⡭
ºһüһŵһˣʥݣ˵ġ
Ŷ߽һЩصǰǲǽ̹㣬Ҫףκˡ
ǡȹң
ºһ̧ͷһ̣ӾпһЩһı仯ɶԷʼûκα仯ͷ·ûµҹգƽ䡣
µ֪ûбĿģʥҲǼٵġ
㡭
һʱƬ̣º˵ˣһۣκˣˣø˵ˣˣҪعϢˣҪģԼһȥͣҡ
¡
ͻȻסºͣ΢΢תͷһЩ˵ˡ³ϣ޹
úúáҡҡͷεص³ϣ޹ܿ˰ɣ
ߣ
ºһߣһۣ˵ɣʲô£µǾ仰ǸˣԶһЩ
ֿʼˡ
ºתЩ΢΢ɫ˵һԶڻȥţҪ飬һ
һ˵ողңξ棬ʲô𣿡
ʲôʱ˵ξ飬ºüһ˵ʲô˹Ĩǣ
µξ棬˲ȷǵ۾һģһǡĲ
˵ʲô
һ£º׹Щ˵ʲôˣʲôĲĲ˭Ĳ
߽һЩһһ˵Ĳû
ȵȡͣͣͣͣͣһ£
º˸ͣµƣһɫؿ㵽˵ʲôʲôĲʲôĲû˵ϵϵĻƶϨˣۡ

ҡҡͷҲ˵ϵ˵ǣϵֽߵǸˡ
㡭
º˶סˣһأȴ˵ʲôˡ
תȥһ߻ȥһ˵ǼٵģҲǼٵġԼúɡ
ٵġ
ºԭأžĳϽԶӰǼٵģĿģѵǲ𡭡

ϿأѾϿأ߲ԶǲĵؽˣٶȿһЩŽհܻȥ
ʲôˣ
ҪڣһɲǣܵϢֻӰ˳
ǧϣػϣ
ǰӰǧϺػϣڴ˽ӦԼϱѾȫͻز
ǧϵػȥѰҹֻڴ˵Ⱥ򡭡飬Ѿزˡ
ԭˡǰˣ˵һߣһ˵
£˱Ͽȥһ·ϣ׷ɱһ£Լ˻ĳһ˵ˡ
ػϵ˾ͽΪߣҺλϼʱϵϡ
˵ʱѾǾĵطﲢδ¶ٴ򶷺ۼʶһЩѰ
ȵȡ
һɲǣƺܵһ˿Ϣͣǧɫصؿôˣ


1890 
ûʲôڵϣһЩΧ˿ʵ죬˱ǳڴˡ
ǵġػϵ˵ͷ
š
⸽˿ĿһСϣ˵ţǸغˣ֡
ǡ
ǧǰСԺ棬ֳָһĻ˵˵ΪܸߣϢȴصʮ֮ʱ֪ݣ³˵ǰƺˡ
Ŷ
һվػϼ˼ӣʵǷʲô
ûʲôǻȥɡ

ʱŻصȻ˶˿ʱ䣬ɱϵ飬Ȼ˻֮ش÷зһأûĸСˡ
һСС飬ȴôˡ
ʱڴϣδ뿴飬ⲻʳɫлʱ֮ӰʱӰӣȥȷʵǳ򵥡
ޣÿһУԲܣȴ֪ܣʲôٴȻɱ
飬ֻһ飬֮ǱһȷѪ꣬ȻδĿṇܹ̀õж༤ңλϣλһ·ɱ
֪ʱ֮ص¸Ѫɺӣʬɽɣ˶ˣ޷ơ
صޱߣӡβ޾⹳񣬰ϲǰ˵ĸطŵ麣ϱߵ򣬱֮ءѾ֮شôޣпܳطˡ
Σ
δߵߣ飬ڰ˻֮һСķ粨Ū˽֪䣬Ȼ
ʮǰܰ˳ȥѰҲ޵䣬ڲռƣҲҵޣǸ֪޻ЩطϢ֮ʱҲֲˡ
ͬ˴֮أȻǲλȷֵģȻ©Ϣ֮صԼ֮ȫ飬ɲ˴˳
һУȻǳ±ӣʶһϷɳ˳ȥѰҲ䣬ʱѾ𽥳죬֪ˣҲûˡ
˿̣ߵ̨ߣŴƮҶʱ龰̫һˣ𽥿ݽߣǧ꣬ĳˣжԲֽš
Ҫı˥ܵˣΨҵޣ֮ǰںڵ֮Ԩڵ۸ģֻвޣܸĲˣı֡
δߵߣֱۣ˵ûڵ۵Ļпƭ˵ġ
ƭ˵ģ
һ»عͷԺ棬ںڵ֮Ԩڵ˵Ļǧǰ˶Բֽţֻв޲ܸıˣһȥô
δһ̧ͷŴƮҶҡҡͷҲ֪͸оκ˵ĻҪţοǸڵۣʼգǸ֪ʲôˡ
Ӧûƭҡ
ҡҡͷʱּᶨ׾һˣܹоڵ۲ûƭڵԲֽ˭ĿΪΣһУҪȵ˾⣬֪ˡ
ط麣ŵ򡭡
ŴҶ˵֮һ£ӦѾľˣҲµ⼸طûϵĲѾǼʮǰˡ
𽥱µûϿһ˻زʥӦþ䰲ŵˣܹʧʥҳȷʵ
δҲܿʱ뷨˵ǿлţ仢񣬽·ܲߡ
޷ȥؾǳˡ
£뻨δȥؾ棬˴ؾҪһЩʺˣֻηǳƹأȫϣ𣬼ʹȳϺҲʹָΪ
³ϣױɱˣΣһ̣ǷǳƴԪԪӤУɢ⡣
ˡ
ؾ棬мλǳˣϾ亹ǳȶˣ֮ǣȫױŪϣһΪ޷ָˣҲ޷Ӵֻꡣ
ҿ
˹ȥһϥ˷ǳ˫Ƶ䱳ϣãջ
Σ
ʱ˶ŵؿƺѾϣȫиϣױֶ̫ݣǶûа취ǳҲûа취ǴžĻ췦ˡ
š
ü΢ϣױֶΣȷʵһ㣬ֻѰıϾôҽױõֶʮֶ޷ǳһˣС



1891 ٲݹ
ȡȿȡ
ǳϿһɫ԰ףϢ˵һ޷ˡΪҷ񣬽ҵޣҪġ
ˣĬȫΪ˲ޣλϣ޷ˣȥ֮أһȥǼʮ꣬ȴ
Ѿûа취𣿡ٴ˹ڴ֮ɫȻԸ
һˣС
˵ţһԣǾһ񣬺ܹǳʵ˭ܷ
ϣ˿ǳһɽʹӣһˡ
꣬鹬ҽ˫ѳɡࡱ롰ʡɣӴһɣ溡๬Ψһˡ
꣬£ǰϣʱܹ溵ҽѷǼʮǰɱȣױֶٶԳ֣Ǿûβõˡ
˿̣δһҲµ˵ǸˣȻˣ溵ҽô̲ҽʥҩʥλ֮£Ȼܹǳ
ֻһĻǲױ¶ݣǿлţݣ֪
ˣ淲ʶģ˻Ľ磬޷Ұűǡ
Ŵԣ˿ڵʶһЩˣҲ֣Ͼϵ淲ʶġ
һҹɫ޹⣬ڴϣղ˵һ£˿̣üһֳ֮˴Ķڲһ£˶֪ˡ
޲õޣǿɲޣԭǲ֮Խ⼸طѲ޴ֻ֮ʱѣټϣ֮Ҳػӡ
뵣ģ£ţǱҪĻһԳȥһˡ
⡭
˿ȥţѾôýֳʲô
š
˵ͷֵ˾ͽ׷ɱʱҹǸʱҹȥ˻ĵӦʲôҪ֮£֮ʲô£
ʱȥ˻ĵһ£뵽ʲô૵Ѳɡ
ôˣȻ죬ʵ
̧ͷйء֮ʱ䣬ҪΪá
⡭
Ŀ⣬ãҹɫ˼һŻعͷ˵ҲգЩգһ³ͷǳȥ棬³ϻһ£ˡ
šá
˵ͷȥգ죬Ѿźãȥ棬һΪٲݹȡĵط棬滨ҩ࣬Ҳǳʺˣʱǳˡ
˭Ūصģ
˿죬ǻ֪˻һ£ҲûиֻϴΣǽΧģеˣ˲ˣȫϡ
ţ
һ˿ɫ˵ϴλ˲ºͰҹҲصģʱ˺øߵΪʶģôδ

ֹգʱ붬ڰٲݹȣǲľ˥أˡ
ڴ˵صһЩɲҩ޷ֲȥҲڹиһСͥԺ統ĵһ
һգͰˣѾºˣ˴滨ҩºҲɵһ벻Ҳ֮أصɲ滨Ȼһ㡣
˴ɡ
ʱһﴫ溵СӰ͡ɲֻҩˡ
ǡҩˣ
˿̴Ժ߳ӰɲºһûκϢȴһ޶ʹǿܣҲˣ˵ĿѾ˳뻯ľ硣
ҽɵֻҩˣӰɲ

ºĿֻҩϣŽǳͽУȥ죬棬ȥţһ̣ٲݹȣӳյøξ
Ϊ˴ţͰʱһֱڹȿڣû뿪ºȥȿڣ֪ΪΣԺ죬ĳ˵Щ
Źôˣ
ûûʲô
ºȿڴһƺϣ˫֧ãګګϵʱ¹ϣҲ·὿
һͻȻʵǸϣһ˰
ţ
Ȼʳôһ仰˫ü΢΢һ壬ֵĿһۣʵôˣ
ºû£Ǻ棬ʣԸ𣿱ǰһЩ飬һЩʲôġ
ôһʣ˫ü΢ŵҲʲôˣҲ޷ܾúܾǰʵţµӵͽܣ֪𣿾ǡ
£˵һЩǰ飬ºһԣڳ֮ǰΪⷲˣǼ򵥵ģû뵽Ҳо˶֮ˡ
ǡأӳˣΣͣºʵ
졭ףԡ
ֵĿ˿üιôϴϵ鰡룡ˣϻ죬㻹϶Ͽǲϲˣ
ºһסˣԱ߰һС𰣬Ҫ
ߺߡ
һֿº˵ղŲңһ𣿡
ţһˣ
㿴ϵ𣿡

º̧ͷ£˲ʱ£չˡ˽ˮ½ˡ
æҡִϵѽҲʫ˵㿴ϵû
šˣô
ǲִԲգһ˫ۣʵ
šôôԲºͷһʱȴ֪˵ʲô
ǾͶˣϸ
ţ
ºϿȥĲϣֻһԣһɲǣƺʲô
ʱ𽿪ڵϣϵǸһֹ䣬ңɼĸоÿÿҹ٣ҲΧ
ǹ䣬ȴֶҹ⡭
ºŴʱһֹڸϵĹ£һסˣⲻ˵ġԴԺ󡭡
ȿȣ𽣬𰣬ʲô
ʱԶһӵͰŻعֻǰϲ֪ʱˣ˾һ㶣ϣʲôʱġ
ոչǱΣŹеƻδشʱҹ溻ǳ
ŹҲڡ
ºȥºʱŻعګګؿǰ׷ӣղһ˲䣬Ϊоǰǵˡ


1892 Ϣ
˺һºŻعǰ¹γˮվǰӣһģЩġ
ι˵㣬Ϊʲôÿοϣһֱſ㲻֪ô˿ûò𣿡
˫üʱģҲɰĿºϣ𰣬Ҫ񡣡
Ŷ
˹죬ºһЦϣôˣ
ҹ
һ˵ţһٲݹȥͰöڹȿڴºһȥˡ
ͥԺ棬￴ȥ͸ϡɼϲķǳϣѾ˯ȥ
ʲôˣ˵֮ءʵʱģ˿
º˵ңϱ˷һΪȫϡ
š
˵ͷһȥһϣºҲԱߣ¶¹⣬ȻŶˣϴߵôæҶʣ֡
һ
Ŷϵ
һ
ºһƬ̺ѵǡ˵ʧ̫ϣһĺˣ
ʦȡġƽ޲˵
Ŷԭˡ
º˵ͷֵʦղ棬ȿڵ˵ʦţӣð֮踣ҲҪػ㡭ʦһǸر˰ɣ
ʦô
̧ͷŸһֹ£һòʦʱ䣬ҲûϢ֪ʦΡˮǧѣΡ
ʲôһ΢΢תͷ˿º
ûûʲôʡ
ºƬֵ̣ʵãǵͦġôĬԣЦƽҲֻаŻڰ֮ǰҲǡ¹µģʱȥ˼˵лֻаѾͷƽNɪˣ첻µز¡
ţ
˵ǣһšˣϴƭģҲаţҽ¡
ԭ¹
ƽʱ¹⣬ûκβº޲ӣһʱЩԣδµҲ֪ǷҲǰһ£һ֮¡
Ҫȥˣյλǰ˺ˣ˵ǡ
һ˵ţһתȥˣºȥӰ¹µİ׷ǧ˪ĺϣһͲ˿ҲıӰ
ιǸһ㡭Ĳʶǵ𣿡ͻȻºֽס
ͣ΢΢תͷȴδڣºεЦЦ˵û£ԺлˣǼ档
š
ûٶԣֱȥˣºվ±ߣԶӰȻģҹǰȻҲΪŷǳϵưɣˣ֡

ȥʱ䣬ϴδɻӡøδ룬δس뻯ܹĨӡӡǣ´ӡǣ˷Ϊã̫ŷһκηֻҪˣնһΪá
һգϣ㼱Ҵҵӣڣʵôˣк£
ƴסһ㣬ګګصءˡ
ţ
ʱģڿЦӣѲҵ⼸޵ˣʵйأ
ǡ
˵ͷһɫصطϢأǾϴ֮һº󣬰˻ĹҲԲ޻ֻһΣǵ޷˳޴ǱȥӦ
˵֮ˣҪͬʱȥطĻȻֲ㣬ܰȫɳȥ޵Ĺ£Էʱͼı졣
ΣǵԳȥһˡ
ӵޣ¹ش󣬾ʧΣҪȥһˡ
ȻµˣֻеǣϴȥǱߣ˴ֻһΡ
ôˣϻʲô𣿡¶Ϊ֮ɫʵ
⡭
˵ʲô˵ֹӣ˵ģһΣһзִ磬塭
˴𲻾ǰӣ˾ͽ뿪ʱв֮ڣ뿪ĵؽ磬Էضչֹ׷ɱ
ʵ塭ڰ˻ĹҲ㲻öǿ˻Ĺ壬ʥ塢塢塢ϫ塭Щǿֹϵϡ
Ŷ
Ŀ⣬˵ҼǵãƺǲûʲôԹЦһûɱϾ˻ĹҲҪõޣ¾¡
ûʲôµġ
ᶨֱ˵ޣǲ֮Щ⣬˲ɣ֮ΣһҪ޴ز˭ӣɱ
ɱ֣΢΢һϴصɱ

˿̣䳤ڵ֮ϣ䣬ԱߵģȻϡ
˵Ǽطв޵Ϣʱ䣬ضǰȥ㿴
ߡ
䳤һߣµԽ£϶ʮǰѣȻŵһϷ⼸ʮ꣬ǰѰ޵䣬ȴȻ
һ˵ǡ㿴ҪҪ
ʱء
䳤ԸһΣ˻Ĺúöһ£̵ְ
һ˸Ц벶ȸں󡭡
һΡ
һ̣䳤ֱϴγϿصǸˣڰʱǰٳֹΣز鵽˵

˼죬ִϢβޡ⹳麣麣ڰ˻֮صߣһʮ֮أ𱱱֮صΣգй֮޲
麣
˼ãҪȥһ麣ǰºȥ麣ڷǳǱ߻ûкãºûֻǰȥˣˣȥߵŵϱߵһβֻ֪ʲô谭ΣҪ޴

Ҫȥ麣̫Σˡ
δһҪȥ麣˶ɫϴȥţйյˣȥ麣ûᷢʲô˻֮ؿɲԪûôصؽƣҪ˾ͽǧϹҪգ
ģ˾ͽҲ˲ңµģΣǺһȥһˡ
ǡ
δüָҧгݵ˻Ĺ壬ǵ
޷ǺޣͬʱԼҲõ
ɶúܡ
δָҧ촽һ޺޵ӣаҪæͺˣֻߣȴȫãҪλ綼ڣЩҪȻ͵͵ȥҸæ
δ룬ʲôͻȻЩֵʵ
ûûʲôδعһ֪λ磬ڲܡ


1893 麣
ʱӼҴҶ⿴ȥʵʲô£
õڹȥһˡ
ɫż룬ʱȥҪǰ麣ˣ˵ãȥϣϾ͹
ǡ
ִҴҸˣعͷǰĻδ룬˵صģ˴ΣҺܿͻ㣬̫Ű˻ľҪú츳ӦǺܿܲ־أʱࡣ
̫Ű˻ľǰ˻ĹΪ󾳣־־־ܹ־ģ˵Ƿ۰Ĵڡ
⼸ǧֻе꼸λ˻ĳ־ԴǼλȥ˾֮ļǧ˻ˣûһ˽̫Ű˻ľ־ȥ
δ̫Ű˻ľһϣŶһ޶츳ϴΰ˻½սǰ˻λĿõġ
֪ˡ
˿̣δ뿴ΪܺһȥԵڻЩˣʱ뼸λ϶ڣģȥ˻ĵҹǣ츳سǺԸ㡣
ԡδ볯ͷ
ãҹȥˣõȡ

֮ϣⲽʵΣ϶Ѿ׼𣿡
ˡ
˹ȥƼûˣǧǣҶѾźˣھʣңȥ麣
š
˵ͷ֮أȻǷˣʵȥ麣Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
룬˵Ļһ£Ļ˵׼ˣҽյϢԪλϣǱڻ棬ȫǵˣڳֻǽȥ
һ¡
˼Ƭ̣濴˿˵ۺôô˻ˣͲѧѧ˼ңͷ𣿡
˿ʦԵֻСˣҪڵĻҪһ£ҡֱϾִܵ麣Щʲôǰȸ졣
⡭
ԣЦã˵۲д󣬻ʯҲúܣҿҪһ¡
У߰ɡ
źһ֮㲻ٵ飬麣ϴȥţһȥһػһʱ䣬ȥ麣Ȼûôɡ
麣ڰ˻֮صߣϹʱһƬޱ޼ʵĺ򣬴˵Զʱڣйһħ֮ºˮ࣬麣棬Ҳ½ء
麣֣Ǻȡ֣˵֮޾޵ףͨڤ֮磬麣ǰʲôѾ˼ǵá
һºһհѾִ麣ȥֻϲӿ죬ڴ˿Ϧӳ£ˮȾѪһ죬ζ˱ǣߵĽʯʱһãȾ˰һƬ
麣ô
վʯ棬ǰƬӿĺҲȥຣ򣬵δǰƬô׵ģǧˣһ˲ܰɣ뺣Уʬ޴档
һƬ½أԪǣͱڻ½أ⹳ѾҵˣڳֻǽȥӦѾһˣ֪Σ⸽̫ңҸӦˡ
²˳٣߰ɡ
ԥʹʯȥĽ룬ԭ͵ľˣǲ㳯˴Ҫһ
ޱ޾ںϷҹԲ½ڣÿľˣֻһЩȥߣҶ˴˽䱸š
ʱһƬޱ޼ʵɽΣľ죬ǻڲ½أպˮ½仯ʱݻγһƬޱ޾ɽ
˿̣һɽϣΧɽԲ˽ƣΨɽϣԼʮˣһµߣһµߣ˵ΪȥͣʱѾˣɫЩɷףķ֧Ľ󷨣ں棬㷲
࣬Ԫ˻öã⹳˴һƣؽǣɢ
ʱ洫һǶŵûһλϿȥϣô죿ǿ칥ˡ
غ¡³ɫ侲˵빥ƴ˴˻ҿҲûôס
Щˣǲˣµĳ࣬µĳԪʮǰ麣ֱ񣬲źòҵ⹳ȴ˻֮˶ˡ
󷨡֧Ųסˣ࣬졣
೤ü̫ˣƾԪˣټЩӣҲɱȥ⹳һЩ


1894 Χ
࣬ԪΪƾ⼸󷨣ܹס˰ɣ
˿Զһɽϣֻɽ֮վһɫ۵ߣϴһаȴ󣬴Լٵӡ
ɽ壬Զ⼸ɽϣͬŲˣԲʮڵĵط񣬵ȴһǰ
ʦô죿
мǺԣǰ˵⣬˻ҲýôƵġ
š
Ŀ⣬Զɽϵ˿˿˶ҪһǰԲô˵ĵƲ󣬶ǾˣʱҲԪľǰЩģһʧȥƣֻЩΪ˲ޣ򡭡һ˵ЩԾõ⹳óȥ
˿ֻ̣ǰһվԪһᣬɽ崫࣬Ԫֺαǿţ뿪ܹ֤Ž⹳ȥܱ֤ЩܰȻ
ʮŸһ˿мԪλԣʵϣô죿
غ¡
Ԫɫ࣬ҲԪһᣬɽ洫ȥӣ˵ûҽ⹳㣬ܱ֤ܻ뿪麣жõޣûôЩӣܻ
ֱȥʮ˿ںЩԣҲɵһ·ѾˣѪȾ麣һĻ붼ÿֲ
ߵϷ棬ǧӣ˵أ
ǧӣ麣һս԰飬ձ˺ףǧӣ
ִԪϻߣӣԼһ츣أµӹ˳棬ҲǧĺݽɫΪѾ̤̫֮麣Ͱ˻Ĺ弰ޡ
棬ô˵
˿̣ԶļӶ߿˹˼ӣһźµŮӣԼµߣЩΪġ
š
˫Ŀ΢Ǽɽϵİ˻˺ҪҲѣԣΨһĵģЩˣǰ˻ĹˣղԪԣõ˾⹳ҪȥҲǸ鷳
ǰЩΨͼȻԺŽЩ붯ˣЩ˾ᵱ¡
ʱ䣬õ˾⹳Ҳˣÿγ֣һȷѪǱȻġ
ʦ𡭡ô죿
˿ٶӣЩ㷲ȻΪ̫̫ͣ徳ǿ⹳ʱʦϾԹ˵ĻԷһƾ
󣡡
գ˫Ŀһ˾Ѿȥһ£ټȥȵȫʱ߶߲ˡ
ɡ
Զ⼸ɽϵҲ׼ٴǿȥ˵λģȰѾ⹳ȥϷǰŵλģؽ֣ʳԡ
ǺǡµŮһЦ˵˽֪ǰһŵǧǷġ
°ɡ
˲ԥ̺Ǽɽȥ¡¡ɽʱࡢԪڵɽ壬𶶵þң·ʱһ
ϣ
ʮŵɫɷףЩ麣ҲΣգƽ²ţɽ֣֮ѾǱ֣֮Թ˭˲
ţ
೤һȣ漴˫һϣɴܶһɰİ˻֮ʱӿɢ˳ȥ󷨣ǿȹ
ߣϼһ˻˹
Щˣٴδ뷨˻ʱʹԪλϵİ˻֮ôΧ֮£ҲŲסˡ
˫һа˼⣬ƿ󷨣ʱҲĲСʱУֻӦ˵࣬Ԫڴ󷨣⹳ұ֤κһҹƴ󣬲˱ɣͬʮӣҲؽΪ
ԣĵӸһԪλϿȥ
ԣԪɫ࣬벻ս֮ô飡
೤ϵٳգϱ㵽ˣ溣죬ǲܵ谭Ӧÿˣס
¡¡
죬漸Ŷˣۼ˻ѾŲסãǶȫɫ
ϣˣ롭λˣ
ϣλˣ
ǬǬλҲˣ
˻󣬻ʣҡҡ׹һƣ󷨺Ȼʱκηƿԡ
ߡ϶Ҵ£ز˻Բĵʯ
䣬׹¶Χɽȫˣʣһɽ壬ɾ󷨿Ҫȥ֮ʱԶȻмɫϮ͡һ죬ʱв⽣֮¡
ģ
ɫնӾһæԶȥĵĽ
ʲôˣ
ӼתնķȥЩѲô죬ЩѾˣϢԣ


1895 ⹳
ֻӰٶһŲߣһȫ˻֣֮ˣ̫Ű˻ľֻ־أ֮Щӱ˿ɱȡ
ܿ죬ѾϵϢӵ˾ǡʲôˣ

֣еʱɽ棬һ֣һѾڼʮǰ͡

һͷһЦĿһ䣬ΪŸߣͿ˵ԼǲˣˣŸߣŻ˭أ
šȷʵѾܾûгȥˡ˵ʱǰȥȫȻӵ˲
һʱ䣬Щò⣬а˼⣬ǰˣһĲƺǸˣϢȴز¶
Σ
ȻһӰνǿʱΧɽһ乥֮ʱָһ˲͡һѪĽ
ֻӷһҽУŽұۣ˳ȥڳ֮޲ȻһûпԷγֵġ
̸ҹ
ǿڳˣӣһʱƬҲˣΪư˻ѾĲСʱԷֲ֣źá
˿̣мɽϣԪҲסˣһߣ׷ѩ˪ʹŲߣҲһ̶ĺ䣬ˡµĲ𣿲˼ٰ磬ƭȡ⹳İɣ
࣡Ԫ
ʱ˹ԪһҲ˵ˣ˵ǲϵãǰλѣʱʮ꣬ϴ
ط꣬һʱԣ뿪һĻĻʱָͷֻϧЩѹʣҲزȥˡ
ү
Ԫλϣһ̾Ȼͬʱ۾ںߵĵӣҲһӯϡϣ
ǡ
ǰ⼸ʮˣ۾Ҳһ±紵ˣ꼸ˣھֻʣЩˡ
ϣȥɣЩˣԸ
䣬䣬۹½ѳϣһɱĽʱøһˣû˸ǰ
㵱ġһۣԥԪǱ߷ȥ
ߣΣƾһˣվѾ⹳ߣ䣬䣬Ȼ˹ȴֻǣ̽һ
ԡ
䵭䣬һն£ɽʱХΧȺһɽ֮ƣ
ʦСģ
ӺٶӽһǿĽʹǸüԶʱҲ޷͸
һɲǸܵˣɿµĽڶԷǰѽ
ֻһ죬Χɽ屻þһʯ£˫ǿ۹½ֵסȴѹò³ȥ
ʦ𣡡
һĻٶӸľսʦȻЩֵס˵һ
ϣ
˼״Ҳһ̳ģҪǾ⹳ûܴȥβͰð
ߡ档
佣һӣʻμȥ䡱һǼӣߣǺŮӣ˳ȥҲһˣɷס
˺øߵΪ
вһԶԶ͹ǰλʵ֮ˣһΪ˿ֲ
ƾΪҲҽ麣ޣɼΡ˵꣬ջص۹½һɽȥЩˡ
棬ô죿
ǺŮؿڣԣЩ޺޲ʵؿɽ壬Ϊ̫ߣǶԸѵôѼӷðս麣ڣ
ߡ
Ŀɽ壬ԸЩԸʱǼ£ߡ˵̴꣬ȥ
ЩˣԪҲ˿ǰλµĲһʱȴ֪˵ʲôϵϨ֮ǰǽߣ𡭡
ʮҲ㶿ǰĲӡĲһλײβߣǰͻȻһˣһʱЩϰߡ
˿̣˵࣬Ԫδǽܣǰλһ
ԣԪŻع˹֣࣬Ԫ
λϣض񡣡
ǰЩӿ˿Щǵ꣬ɳѰҲ޵ˡЩˣѾԶزȥˡ
೤ֵϣʱ򣬿ǿжˣξֻǰ𣿡
Ȼǵ̫࣬⹳ȥЩˣλϲصģ⹳
⹳ϡ೤ϲԥ̽⹳ȡȥ
⹳֪ԺȥͭƽǽƵǵһɫĹâУʱܵһɲϢɱĸо͵۹мơ


1896 

ž⹳ָ佣串һ㱡ͭߣȴһ󱦽ʵ
һѺý
Ѿ⹳ɵǰһʹǧ꣬âȴʧޣ⹳Ӧǡβޡ
ȵȡ
һɲǣӾ⹳УӦʱ⹳ҲϷһ֮ΣɫһѲɣһ麣ԪλϿȥ
һûа
¾⹳ԪλϿȥ೤һɫŷӦ˵ȷʵһ麣
λϣֱ˵
š
˼Ƭ̣೤ϲſڵΪֻо⹳麣ɺǻ鵽һ£ǰǲλǰ麣˻Ĺʥһλ̫徳ǿߣչԾʱλǰϴŵĲǾ⹳⹳Ǻ䵽麣ģʱλǰϴŵǡߡ
صޣߡ΢һ˼˵˵麣һǱˡ
ǡ
೤ϵ˵ͷʱλǰűߣʤ㱾ǺܴģʥλǿߣϾҲʥˣɽХҲѷʤ
˿೤˵ţûĿãҲܹ󵽣ǳҵԾ
ʱԪϽŵҵλǰʥλǿߣǴ麣ġ

һ֮ǰ˵麣Ȼܴ󣬿ٴҲȻһĵ㣬ĺ򣬱㱻
˶ȥģճ̶ȣԶ滷ɱȣ̫徳ǿҪУҲҪȵ֣ԼûǸ»ų˿ɼʱλǰʥλǿߣʮ
š
Ԫϵ˵ͷ˵ʱλǰʥλǿߵսġϫˣûܹ档
ϫ
ڳϫȻҲ˵麣Զ֮أվͨħҲвеģο˼أ麣Īڡϫ
ϫʱһȥޱ޾ɽҲ˲䱻ˮûδܼʱȥ档
ųϫȻĳϫӿֲͬ˺һûߵģȥǱѺһһ꣬λǰʥλ֣ôλǿߣնûܹ
˵ߺʥˡ
Զɽȥ麣žͬħڣĽһ˿־壬ȴ̲סҪһ̽
ħڣŵܣǧδܹ֮ڣ麣ҲһϹܣδ
ǵ㿴
˹֪߾麣֮أóȻǰȥýǧǽһ롣
ȰѾ⹳ȥɡ
˿ľ⹳⹳λģɴȥðգΣҪȽ⹳麣ȥ
桭
ȻԪλϻЩģ룬ȻѾˣõޣѾ⹳ȥֻⲻһɱؿҪѪȾ麣ˡ
λϣΣ
ɫ԰ף֮ǰܹˣ⼸ά󷨣Ԫģ״̬Ҫ뿪麣ֻЩѡ
޴󰭡
˲˵Լжأܿ˿⹳ݵһԪ˫ƹһˣ˵ļϡ

˽΢΢һ༱æ˵ǿлţʱΪҶ˺ķѹϴž⹳ȥҺԪסǡ
λϣ
ԣ˫һ˰˵ϣ漴һˣһɴԪʱ˹ȥ˵ϣ˲һɫ⻪
⡭
ԪһԭΪλĲֻΪɴʱžɴһ֮ӵеģ
һԿţҲϢһ̣ϣ֮Ӱţ˫ͫҲӳӰӣܿ죬Ԫľ֮Ӱ£Ѹٻָ

ЩҲôˣû뵽²Ĺ˳ֶΡ
ڶ糿Ԫ˵Ѿָ࣬ɫȥҲ࣬ջƣͫе֮ӰѾʧˡ
Ѿָˡ
Ԫ̧˫֣Ծɲ첻ѣϵ˿ˣľҲ޸ˣֶΣϵҲûС
š
վԪλˣδĶٹȻΪδͻ̫徳أķȴǳȣǱһ࣬Ҳ󣬸ûеġ
Ҫž⹳ȥɽȥ䣬ƺѾܵЩ𽥱ƽϢˡ
Ҳһɽ忴ȥ˵Ѿȥһʱ䣬գ·ѾǷˡ
Ǿɱȥ
䵭ɵ΢΢һʶ˿ղһ˲䣬ָܵ˶Էǹɺɱ


1897 ɱΧ
ߡ
һ˲ԥȥɻδ߳ǰһɱ
ȵȡкܶˣ
һ¾أԪλţʮӣס˺ڴʱ£һҲҶ
桭жˣ
ĵǰǰֵɽ壬˵ĵɱˣһ̣˷·˽ʱجΣΧɱߵȥ
غ£ߡ
Ŀ䣬ǰ·ȴǰ漸ɽ󣬹ȻǰһƬȫӰ嵽ж١
ˣǳˡ
һ˴ˣҲ䱸һ˵⹳ϣ
Ρ
䵭·δһ˷̼ǵõħڣҲǱüΧɱ
ߡ⹳ɱ⣡
ˣΧ£ޣҲ֮λֱ׳
ٷϻ
мʮ˳Ȼ⼸ʮ˻δжȻһֲӰһ£䡱һһ죬ԲɶʱǼʮˣһ֮£
ǡǣ
ֻУͻȻֲӰһʱ䣬˸һ棬Ҳ̫徳ĸ֡
ٲ֮ߣɱ⡭
ֱȥʮڳ֮ˣ޲һƺȫ͹ˣǰʵ
ߡ
յ۹½ɱ䣬Ӱڰп·ͼ֮ˣԻӰĿֲ¡
һ·ֻϲӿ죬ʱĺɫϻȽȽɫϦ£̿ɼӰУвһЩΪߵߡ
㿴
Ԫλ϶̽䱸ղһ·ɱڻ˸࣬ҪɱΧֻ²һ¡
ؽš
ɫݣǰȥϦߣλףÿɡ
ߣ˵ԸȻˣ㱾ٴ󣬿ƾǼˣɱȥδ棡⹳һ
Ǿǡûˡ
̧еĵ۹½һɲǣ۹½ȾѪһ㣬Ϧӳ£кɫѪơ
ǡ
һ̣˶ܵԵ۹µĺɱĽܿƵĲڿ־һ
˿̣Ҳܹܵ۹½͸ı֮Уǹȥҹܸܵģӵ۹½ﴫĹ¼ű䡣
ɱ
ȻǰӿƬǺ죬ǰЩˣӽһնǿĽһ˲佫·ĺˮҲֿˣһЩΪԵ͵ˣܲסǿĽδӦֱӱȥűˣһ¸˺С
ɱ
ͻȻ䣬Ƭɱ죬ǰ˾ħһ֪һ̾ҲںѾɫΪٸߣеĽǿʱһãԪģλܳЩ˵Χɱ
ģ
ԪңԷֹ͵Ϯ䣬Ĳ£ηɱÿһնضڵ۹½¡
ܿ죬⸽ĺˮҲȾˣһϦҲȾѪһ㣬𽥱ͨ졣
ɱɱɱ
ȻȥٶˣǰЩˣħһϳÿһսҲˣ֪ҲҪȥȡз׼
ȴ֪һǿݣÿһʤսۣ涼Ѫ⣬ǰЩҲ⣬Ȼ֪ҲҪһ̣ȡ²׼
ԽԽˡ
ɫԽԽѿЩƴһԪľʱԷ̫徳ǿٳ֣ǿ¾׶༪ˣڱ취ͻΧҪô˻ظղʱɽһܡ
λһ·ɱȥ
һ̣Ҳɱһȫ£ͬ۹½ϣһɫѪǼʵɱ

ɱ
Ƭϣɱ죬һ·ǿͻΧѾѪȾ죬ÿһն£ϰɥ۹½¡˿̣һͷ׷ҲѪȾ죬·ɱһ㣬ܵ
УȥжϺ·ֻʱӲ
Ԫ˼ߣʹһ·ѾնɱǧˣɶԷʵ̫ˣжˣ˵ʮˣֻҲΪ
ɫԽԽƻ£ҲǱѪȾˣΨѡҪôһ·ɱȥҪô˻ظղŵɽʱâ㣬ɱȥʱҲȥضᱻжϺ·һԪľ롣
ȻԣԸѡԸһѷĽʱҲԼ߲ˣ⹳ˣҪɥ麣
ʱԶȻһȴֻˡ
ͷ¶βɸ뱾һս䣬ὣһӣѪֳȥȫȻʵɱ˲η岻ѡ


1898 ϫ
߲ˣ¾⹳
ʱɢֻǰһߣʼ˵ˣָһˣ˴ʱƾն޾ˣΪȾ磬뺣ȥ硣
ˣӡﲢδˣ˿ȥƺҲĳϣƺδλ
мߵҪ⹳գ߲
Ŷˡ
̧еĵ۹½ΪΪʳȻѡǾɡ
ȡ׼ߣǧ񣡡
֪˭һȻ˳ߡЩˣὣһնɽХȳһˣֱڽ»ΪѪ
ɱ
ȻЩˣħһ޾ĳҲסˣ麣ĪйЩĲˣ
ɱ
ٴɱʶϣһն۹½ֱһնȥ
СģӦ䡱һֵסһ۹½
ˣձɡ
ķģҲ˭ģձҪնڽ£ˡ
ƾ㣿ΪҲͣһ˲䣬Ϣǣ⸽ĺҲ
ߡСѡĿ䣬䣬滮սһնȥ

˼࿹ȴѵѪĵ۹ƣһɲǣһһƴأøɽХ˿ͬʱӭսˣ˿е
еĽ
ʱܹоԷѽ̫ɷбâ˶ɽҲס˽ɷ֮
˱˴˶һۣȻɢȥԶһС󣡡
ȻߣֻԱӵֶΡ
޾ϮĽƣһ󵴳һϮ˳ȥ
ʱڰǰӵҲϢۿţ˿̼һҲû뵽£¾⹳ôõû
棬ô˵
ǺŮȥ֮£Ȼ˸ʱԤϣսУҪõ⹳ҲǼ׵飬οôպɽﲻ
䡭
˫ĿʱҪȥ⹳δܹ֣ο̫ˣҪ⹳ߣպ鷳ϣ
ɱ
ͻȻ䣬ɱֻߵˣͻȻԪɱȥͣɱƬ
ˡ
ԪλʱѾָ࣬ɶԷ̫ˣȥذɡ
ɷɷɷ
ʱϺȻһѪĺڶһ³ǱߵȺѹȥ䡱һһ˲仯ΪѪȻѪȫ˶С
ʲô
˽ɫһ䣬ŵһˣֻǺڶаɭȻԶޣʳвкںɫɷ͸ľ̫ŷ˵Ȼûм
һߣҲӡ˳ͬһ˲䣬ѹȥʮ֮Ѱֵܵ
ӡ
Ȼϲ̫ŷ˿ȴһϳӡû뵽˾ͽķ
ӡ̫ŷʱڰдʣ赲ߵ˽ڣ˵ķɽ·𶼱ͭ
ߡ
һߣٴγ߹ȥʱǺȻһ𵴣úˮӿǧߣδܷӦߣ캣һ¸ȥ
Сģ
߾˴Ҫ֮ʱ˲͡һһһ˵׼ն
ʦܣ
һɫ䣬һ˲䣬ۿʦܵ壬Ǻ˸ȥһʧӰ

Ǳն׼ߣȻûͷ­һ·˫Ѫݺݵɱң
һĻ߶˾ţæȥֻͷ­ϣ˫ĿŭѪֹԵùֲֿ
ߡ
һߣָһʱâҫۣһħָ顱һһͷ­÷飬ԪҲ˲
ʦܣ
һĿѣʱ׺Ȼ𵴴оһĴøߣҪˣȫ뺣ס
Сģ
Ҳѱɫ麣ͻ춯Ѳǡ
ɱ֮󣬲δ뿪Ƭ򣬳ʧ֮ʣһ˲ֹȥ͡һѪɣ۹֮棬񲻿ɵһնһ׼
㡭
̶Ƭ̣նɱˣһأʣµڱɫҪչߣɲϸһжǰ澹һĴʹòȥ
һ˲䣬ɱȻɫ䣬֪ԼӲˣΣһ̣ҧ⣬һھѪɻûüʩչѪ͡һһӺ潫ض
㡭
ɷףһ˲䣬͵Ծ𣬱ܿһˣߣȴһ˲䣬˾˺
Զ޲Ŀ¶֮ɫֻնɱˣдʱ麣ͻ춯ѵǡ
ǿ
ʱ˾˳ѭȥֻԶǧɾӿЩɽ嵺죬һ˲䱻ûˡ
ˣԪҲ˲ɫǳϫϫ٣ûκܹ麣


1899 ժ
ܿ죬һ˹ƬɽҲ̼䱻ˣɫ䣬һ˲ߣǳϫߣ
¡¡
ףǧɾˣת˲һЩҪߣɻûüɽһ˲㱻˸˽ȥ
һЩΪϸߵߣҪߣԽǧɾˣǸһȥϾһ֮ӿһֽȥ㱻ǧɾ˸˽ȥ
ߣ
һɲǣҲܵˣ麣ϫĿֲһǾȥûĿܡ
ߣ
һˣȥʱߣҲ˲þ⹳ˣƴȥǵٶȣ첻麣ϫٵٶȣܿ˱˾
ϡ
ʮĵӣ¶֮ɫΪȻһ˲䣬ԥѸٵؿڡء桢⡱Ѩ⿪ӡһ֮Ӱһ½ʮסȥ
죡
ɫż麣ֲıǳϫϫ֮ǰԤףһΣôͻȻãֻǻΧ
֮ӳ麣ϫĿֲȻͷȥļʮ麣ûгֹϫɳϫǰԤףһɺɫ
ʱҲʱȳϫˣٽ棬ѰҾ⹳䣬˵麣һѪ£˶볷пܻ棬һΣȴûκס
û°ɣ
˿ȥѾɵԾɫɷףδ⼸ľجһڸļ䡣
ûû¡
ԪλҲЩδתǺȥϫѾȥһУָֻƽ
ȻεĳϫúףҲһæͻȻٵĳϫڣ棬ûܹ
ؿڣ˶˵ھ⹳Ѿˣ뿪
š
ҲԥȥϵϢǰȥˣʱĺɫȵҹ֮ʱΧһƬڣϲ£˷֮ҹֲָ
ʱͣͻȻͣ£Ҳͣʵôˣ
ǰ˿Χδְ˻Ĺ֮˵Ϣ˵˷֮ҹǲغϵϢ뿪˷ǡ
ŴԣԪһ㶣һŻعʵǵء
һתȥ麣ķ򣬻˵߻麣ұȥҵ
У
һ˵Ҫ麣ն̫Σˣһȥ麣ԲУȰѾ⹳ȥȻٽˣֲȥ˻ĵλ˻ĳ϶ġ

ҡҡͷ˵һȥһأĻҲҪһ£ʱˡ
ǡ
㶿ǲҡͷУԲУҪð֪һȥֻڳϫûԤףʱϫУԲУ
ϣ˵
һһ˵֮ǰѾ֣˻ĹҲҲޣǵȫڰȻǵγϫȥȻٽ麣һҵߣʱǾҲòˡ
ǡ
ޣһϣӦñҸζʲô˿һһ䣬ʮֿ϶
ת麣ķʵ֮ǰҲܻ֮գһУֵ
һУֵ
ժߣˣȻԻȥ֮ˣкθɣ
꣬ҲԣʮʥţΪҪΪҲˣ֪ǰ£ҲҪ̤һ
ΪЩ飬ȥ֪֪ΪҲҪΪ֮峤ˣϲˣȻˡ
˿̣Ԫλϣʮӣǰλµ
ϡ
һ̣תǰ˵ǵøʱʹ㣬˵˵˭һΣҪ㷢ģҲҪ⹳ز

ȫһָҧãģҲһὫ⹳ز
ĵӸҲ⹳ȥ
Ԫλ϶Ĭ˫֮УѾᣬΪҵޣЩ꣬Ѿ̫ˡһΣΣҲҪ⹳ĵط
ǰˣ˵Ž˷£뿪׷ٵǵϢں׷ߣһȫصġ
ҲҪСģȽ⹳ȥһ̴ˣ麣㡭
šȥɡ
أ
ԪλҲ˹֣˲ԥǰȥˣܿʧҹɫκһϢ
ʧķ򣬹ãŻתȥصȻˡɡ
ɷɷɷ
ҹɫȻӰˣѾˣšܺãҲʡñһһȥˡ
һ˵ţһ߾֣ժϵĲߣһĻ˽һժˣ
šһ뿴µǾǰһԸˡ
£ժϵĲߣʱϺȻһ𣬹֮У˿һ˲䣬˶׹ɺԨ


1900 ʥŮ
㡭
һɲǣ˶ס˺ȻҲûϵ֮ûϵһˡڵ˲䣬˻δӦֻеһ䣬ǰģ
¡¡
ϺȻһ绮ҹգ΢΢תͷʮʬ壬ĵ۹½һһΣѪ
Ҫٻ麣ڲߣǱҪ֮ʱôˣûʶϲߣֻ鷳ֻ֪ǲ
߿ڲϢΪժߣͬһˣ˾ͽվǰҲϲǲ

ڶ죬Ѿһװѩĳɫѣ֪ǲ
յĳϫѾȥյ麣ȥƽ࣬Ҳ˲ˣҲ֪ˣ˻Ĺ˹Ȼ⸽ˣһΣ麣ֻǲ޵ϢЩ麣뻹űĿġ
λСѣҲΪ麣ŵܶˡ
ʱԺȻһߵʶΧ˿⸽ûбˣԷ˵
ֻ߾壬һ£˫ָɫ󣬲֪ķˣδˣǸ麣ĿġȥƺҲǲޣԼղſ˵ģ麣ܡ
ĬԹԵ˵ܾǰ麣һֱи˵˵֮޾֮Ԩͨ磬ɿֻϧǧ龫ǣҲҲ޾֮ԨڡҪô㬶飬Ҫô˺㸹
ޱ޼ʵĺ棬˿˵޾֮Ԩѵǵ꣬λǰ˻Ĺʥλǿߣȥĵطߣô
ٺ١
߼ɲ˵ЦЦôСѶЩ˵һҲȤһҲ𣿡
棬ֻẦԼ
ֻһ仰漴ɽȥԶ˿ʲôˣһ˾͸ҽ麣ȥƺܲ˵ӡ
죬ϫȥ麣ȵһʱ򣬿ȥƽ࣬ҲֻǱƽ˾ѣںˮ棬ǰӿ಻ɼУšڵİ˻֮أԪÿطˡ
ϫȥһɽ嵺죬ָ˳һпȥûб仯ܹǰϫʱĿֲЩδӳȥߣ˺ס
ǰЩӹɽ壬ʱ˻½أǰۿЩ½أˮûʱ˳Щδӳߣʬ廹棬Ԫѱɢ
ĳϫѾ˿£ϫʱֻϣһΣ̫ֻÿȥһطƺ̫ƽ
𡪡
ʱ·ɽȻһްͳĺ̷ŻٶȣĿȥֻȻֵֹЩƷЩƴ˵еޣһ⣬ЩûϢеѾãеѾֻʣ¹ǻ
𡪡
һͣЩϹŲӦڳϫֵ֮ģ麣͹ˣЩҲ֡
š߰ɡ
˿ջĿ⣬ȥЩ֮׼뿪ʱȴȻʮͷЩĿȫǣѾ߶ȸã֣ʮֿ¡

̼覣֣һаɷҪԸЩ֮ȵ۹½Ч
𣡡
ͻȻʮͷָһĶһƿնȥȻǧаɷҲ޷ɱЩ֮
ţ
üһ麣Ĳ֮ʵ죬ιЩ֮ûκ£Ǳնͷܷɵ
𡪡
ʱ·ɽִһֶֻ಻ЩӴ󣬷·һСɽ㣬ƺѾ
üУҪЩס鷳ˣʱսչɲԶȥˡ
˺Щ죬һ죬Ѿ˻֪жԶ˴Ĳ֮ԽԽˣҲԽԽֻסˣ麣ߣҲЩ֮סˡ
𡪡
֮һ⸽ȫǲ֮ЩǷЩϹޣеģһЩϹߵʬ壬麣棬վ˶飬ֲô˵ͨڤĵط
ЩЩʲô
Сģ
ʦ֡ң
ˣ˷ȫǿµĲ֮ûκһطǰȫģҲ
ô¡
Ҳ޷ɱЩ֮ԭȥΪһγϫ֮󣬾ͻȻȫ˹
취ȥΧȫЩ֮ҪγȥһЩ֮ﶼԼˣʱ⣬ɲ뻹û
޷ɱЩ֮ѵֻв
һ˲䣬뵽ˣĲ֮ܳɱЩ֮׶òϴѾȥжʱˣûҵǿһ޶Ĳ֮ģһٴɣ롣
ô졭
ۼΧĲ֮ԽԽ࣬һü취ȥɲЩһˣòһΡ
Σʱ̣ϺȻһҫ۹â·̫һ㣬ֱ
콣䣡
ֻһŮһ˲䣬ҫ۵Ĺâǧɫ⣬ǵն⸽Ĳ֮һǰɫʱ㻯Ϊ˻ҽ
ܿ죬⸽Ĳ֮ﶼˣһҫ۵ĹâҲɢȥˣʱ˲ڵԿ壬ϵˣȻһѩŮӣϹ⻪֣ʥޱȣͬϹһʥַ
һʱ֮䣬˶ôˣҲϢѩŮ˭ɴ覵
һɲǣȻܵ˶ԷϼǿΪϢǡ̫徳أֹܻǶԷϢơôܣ츳ѵζǧ֮ϣ
ʥŮʥŮʥŮ
һ̣Ȼ˾˳Ҳ˹ڵأߵллŮȣлŮȡ
ʥŮ覵Ůӣԭǰ˻Ĺ壬ʥˡ
ʱʥŮĿ⣬Ҳ±ߵȺһɨĿûκͣҲһɨû˿ע⡣
ѰΪϢ˾̾ʹ˿ÿһˣûκηֱ


1901 
ʱ±ߣвλʥŮλʥŮΪǧʥһˣ֪ǧǰҲһλŮֻλŮѾپ⡭
֪֪λŮ뿪ʥʱһѪǧʥȴһںѪʥǿѪֱλŮĳ֣ȫںһѪ
˵꣬콵󡭡Ȼ
Ⱥ۷׷ף˿й̸ۣʥŮȴ⣬һȺ𽥰ˣǰߺΣգòҪٹȥˡ˵꣬һֻһҫ۵Ĺâǰȥˡ
ߺȺֿʼ̸˵ΪǰѾ೤ϣ治٣Ǹղſŵڼˣٸʮ꣬ǡ
ǰ˻Ĺ尡ƨǰ巭׶죬ҳʥŮֲϴòɱôˡ
˿̣Ⱥﳳ£ŸղʥŮȥķĬȻʱȻ˲̫徳ǿߣЩ˼ǧϹ
ղǸʥŮ伸һȴѾ̤̫徳أֱ޷룬һΪǵ峤ϴ峤մô̤̫徳硣
λʥŮ֮ǿΪ츳ѵζǧ֮ϣ
ζӵһԶѪܽϣܹ̫ҵǧѣ޳˺ʦһ۶һ˶ǷˣղʥŮΣ
˶˵ʱѾ˥䣬ҲǰĻԻͣʱ˿̣ȴôΪΪǡǡ˵ˣʱ˥䣬һԻ͡Ϊζǧѡ顭иղǸʥŮЩһţͬһʱʱؽӭһը
ȻУζЩ⣬һˣҲԸǸˣѾΪӵ
ħڣͬǻȴ֪´ټǷǱ֮֡
٣ֵܣţ˶ѾԶˣ׷ȥ˵׷
֮ʣԺȻһϷʵתͷȥ˵һӣΪһʥŮԵߵˡ
ûԱˣ˫һ㣬ǰȥղλʥŮòǲ˵ˣŮ񶼻Ϊħ˵Ϊ츳ǸĽѣᡣ
ղһ̣λʥŮչֳģȷʵһʥϢʥַΪʥǧһˣΪ֮ԡ
ղôһ˲䣬ϣܵһĺ֮⣬صı䣬Щ˺£ʶڳԲӦλʥŮǱ濴ȥô򵥡
˿̣ǰѾûʥŮϢˣȻҲȥ׷ܹ뵽ʥŮڴˣôȻֻһĿģȥҵλʥǿߣʥ
⸽ܻʥ֣Լ˻ĹˣСĽЩ֮ǰҵĵطλǿߵһսǾ춯أߺʥֻ
ȥ£գѲ֪˳֮ǰ⹳ĸӦӦѾԽԽˣ£м׷ٵλʥŮϢԶԷΪҲˡ
֮һƬӲɽѭŸӦһֱߣƬɽʱȴǰйʮǿ쳣֮
ͽǰˣĿǰΪȴ޷ǿƿǰǵ֮Ǻ͵ȥɽʱһԽɽ֮϶Ŷµħ
ڸѰ˽£ʱ䣬ĻˣӦѾ⹳˳زˣûܹҲ֪麣˻ĹЩˣǷѾһ
һհʱȻӦһ֮ܿûˣȥϢ⸽Ȼˣղǹ֮Ѱ
˿̣סС˳ŸղŸӦ֮ѰȥҹĻᴹ֮ʱһصɽȣɽһΧɽΪģǰ˸Ϊȥ͵ߡ
Щǡ
ĿĺɫΪڣСĽβ֮ǰӦ֮ȻǰˣʲôģЩϵϢѰʲôˣ
ʱһâ棬һѩŮӣƮƮ⻪֣һʮֲʥϢŮһ㡣
һλʥŮڴˣô˸ߣѵʥĳϣ


1902 󷨿
ϢţʶҲ˻ⱻЩ˷ֻ֣ʥŮ棬ǰ˸ߣһ˵£ˡ
š
ʥŮ˵ͷ⣬ʵ⡮ϫ֮󡯣Żжòܿ
˿̣һʯ棬ʥŮԭ£ǰԻϫ֮󡱣麣ĳϫʲôⲻɵһǰǳͻĳϫĪǰЩ
ֻһµߵ죬󷨱ȫȹˣʱɿ£㲻żϾ⳱ϫ֮Ѿãǵ󷨲ȣΣա
ʥŮҲżֻҲҹˣѾãȴаǵʱ䣬ԡ䡯麣ЩϹ˻赲һ󡭡
˿̣棬һһ䶼ԭ֮ǰͻȻֵЩ֮ǰλʥŮŪġ
ֲãһۿʱʹӶԷϲһɺϢһ죬ˡаֻĶѣһ䡰ǰߺΣգòҪٹȥˡƹģʵȴǾ桭
һɲǣͻȻоһĺ⣬ŮӺĳǸʥӣʥַʥŮʵϡΪ˴ﵽĿģ˲ֶΡ
ǸᣬһֲΪµġ
Ƭ̺ٴϸĻʱһλʥ峤ϵʱգɻ֣
ʱûС
߽˼Ƭֵ̣֮ǰʱ򣬷ƺڸҡ
ʲô
Ŵԣλʥ峤Ͼɫһµ˽ϢصúҲȷʲôˣҲ֪Ƿˡ
ȵȡλʥ峤һ֣֮ɫµĳϿʵ£ȷ𣿡
š
µ˵ͷŴʱλϽŵӣ˵λϵҲ˽ţǰ𴦶ȥӦǽˡ
ǡ
³¶΢΢ɫ˵ղ춯һСɢ˳ȥԣ˸пܡ󷨵
أ³ԣɫҲһſڵλϲصģ⼸հڴȹ󷨣һȥ
һϻعͷβĲƣ£ҵ֪ô
֪µ˵ͷûκα顣
˿̣֮ϣȴܵһ˿ɱѰ˸ܲʶڳܹܵʥŮȻɱġ
˴󷨣ˣȻͨĴ͹󣬻죬󷨾ȶʱǻʥŮѰǧǰʧǼΪȴаʥ
˿źһҲ죬ζЩ˷֣ʥŮ֣󣬴˴󷨴򿪣Ż
ſҹûһ£ȷʵʧΪϹɷκαзסϢǱԨΪ
һգ棬ڳһѺۣѺ棬ȴһƬܹһɽ嵺죬һЩѸɺԵĺ
źѺȥ˿ֳӰ棬ȻһκˮҲûУ
󷨴ˣ
ѺֵӰλʥ峤Ͼ¶ϲɫʱһ׹ֻʥŮ档
󷨿ˣ
󷨿һЩȻһȻͬϫ֮ҲǰеӰһ±ŤѺۣʱʧһ
ô£
Σ²üͷһ壬λϵЦҲһסˣһµĳϵǡô죿Ҫȡ
ţ̫ûпǺԡ
ܿ죬λϱ̺˹ͼȶȻԣעٶҲûã󷨣𵴲ֹ
ˡ
ʱӰ˵ҾȥɣϴŮµѪ󷨱Ҳ˲ҡ
С
ʱҪλϾһһ˼˵£򲻿ðգô򵥣ǵλǰҲ
һ˽ŵҪȻǵȴ˾ˣΣ˾ΪⷽԲʹȶ
ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵棬ѾˣǱȻҲнķһֻ¡
ǡ£̫Σˣһ
ȴаһѾλϣ˵
ᶨʱ棬ѺۣѾˣǲһ˼⼰ˣһ˲չɲȥ
ʲôˣ
Ĵ룬󷨶ʱһ𣬰λʥ峤ϻδӦӰѴǰʧѺ
ˣͬɫ䣬һ˲䣬Ҳ룬ҲѺȥ
¡¡
ͻȻʧȥ˿һ㣬λϾɫһ䣺ˣ£


1903 µʵ
֪˶ã䵽棬һֻ̣ȫʹޱȣ֫ٺǿҪɢһղŵ󷨳⣬ۣŲҲҪˡ

̧ͷܿ˿һƬţûκ֮ҲûǳΨһЩĹߣ֪ǴӺδⲻɵħڣĽħڣĽȷʵмƣų찵ء
ԡ
һ̣ȻʶӦǺףֻǺˮѿݽߣԱӣһϫ٣ôͻᱻȫûڳϫ֮ǰҵߣȻ뿪˴һѺۣͨЩѺۣӦǾܻصˡ
ŵʱͻȻɱһɲǣҲ룬һ˲չɲܿһ˲ɱС
ǽһǵ󷨣Ҫȡɣ
һתȥǰλɽˣǰˣǸղ׷¡
ʥŮɱصù
µʲôˡ
俴˵ʱָȻϢƺԼ£һΪҲ˵ãÿ졭
Ǻˣθɣ
ԭһοʱ򣬼Щ֮ʱλʥŮЩøУζǧһ
Щ֮ԼŪģЩǴ˿̣ɱģ˾֮ò棬ȴһ㺮֮ģʲôƨŮ
µģ
šˣٲ²¡
µ˲䣬µɱ֣һ˲䣬ֹǿϢ˺ա
̫صǵУοǰˣʥѪֱ棬һ˲չɲâ
ߡ
䣬ָһ콣Ȼ֣ǵسնȥЩ֮һЩʮ
ʥһӣ
˿ԥֲźãΪͻһ磬̫徳֮ʱ鹦ǰʥŮӲ
ɷɷɷʥһӵĿֲӰ˲ڿУֵסĽ
ꣿ
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һɲǣԲɶʱûüʩչɲѱԷľ֣Ƕá
ȫ͹λʥŮʵʵԶԶ˵ɱ峤ϡ
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ڱ˵Ը˾ͽһͬʥŮ˳ȥ⣬ȥĻ֮ˣȥ游ĸȥֻ̫ص絹˯һʲôУһĨȥϵѪǰȥˡ
ʱڸղŵĵطֹͣˣ¿ʧķ򣬾ʱͻȻһƺߣ˿̲żִӱóֻģȫѪ
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ʥ¹ش֦ϣղԣˣ麣ֻǸȡѡ


1904 ޾֮Ԩ
ȥ죬ѭ΢ĸӦһ·Ѱң֮ǰ麣棬иֵߵʱᵽˡ޾֮Ԩпܵ꣬λǰʥλǿߣȥĵط޾֮Ԩ˵Ļôߺʥ㼫п޾֮Ԩˡ
ʱұˣҲҲν޾֮Ԩ˵ûǧ龫ǣҪҵ޾֮Ԩ޹Ҫô麣
ͺ͵۵ĴԨһҪôҵĻǱߺʥҲѲˡ
ʱִ˴ѷ죬ѷ츽֣Щ棬еϹɽ֮еħ֮ǧٹ֣ȴͬʵһ־֮˿Ϲɽ磬һʱᱻɽȥ
Ҳ麣Σڣʱʱ̶ѣЩѷ죬ЩԻĵĻҲȥ࿴һۡ
Щѷ죬ɽ֮䣬һЩӰЩӰʱȺħ裬ʱʱĳɽϣһЩɽɣԴһ㣬Щ˵߽һǰ󣬱纣¥һԶȥȻʧ
ڽ֮ǰû·һΣյ磬ʵѱ棬ʱῴһЩŮҴ߾һ˲ʧͬξһ
ʱûߣҲ֪ǷߣϣûУĻһ£ܹΣ֮ģѰ
ֹ죬ʱ䣬һˣȴҲ޾֮Ԩڡ
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һɲǣǵʯһͻȻЩͷ˼ȴɳһţűֿЩǰЩȥĻЦŮǶңЦ
˵ش͸Ź죬СһЩΪá
Ϊ˱ѣԣаϢ̷ʾ
ڸղţԺ뷨УϵĻ󣬻ҵ޾֮Ԩڣ뱣֤ܳԽЩУĻʹǰЩһԶҲȥˡ
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ǰԨʹԨƣ˺䳹ǣվ棬ԨȻȻһֿ־壬·Ԩһ˫۾ԼԨԨԼ
Ԩ棬Ѿɺˣһûе׵ɽȣվ棬涪ȥһʯӣֻһų·Ǵ˵ͨڤ
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֪׹˶ãǰȻһµʯͷҲ͹࣬ס׹֮ƣǹ֮ʱŷ֣⸽˲˷ӡӡƺͬһ¡
˴˷ӡʹ޷ټȥˣǱߵĸӦԽԽǿңȻ棬˿Ҫͻӡ
š
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һĻüû뵽۹֮޷ƿӡ˵ĿǰΪ
˭˭˴ӡ
ʱ֪ȻһŮӵͻȻȴʮס˺ƺǻ󣬿Ǹûиܵ˵Ϣ


1905 ǰ
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ʱڷˣǴϷԶһɽﴫģԥҲȥķӡˣɽȥ
ʱ·ЩѵֻеʥλǿߣλǰأѾ˰ɡ
ҪºͼǧǰλʥŮֵĻǿԼ˵ȥõߣܷȫ뿪ﶼǸˡ
ǰ𣿡
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ǰԭ㡭
ЩţλµŮʧˣ麣Ѷȫޣ˭֪麣Ҫ鵽ȴаʧ麣ԼҲ뵽ȴаˣʧٵŮһоΪʲô
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ʱĲߣ߲ɫһ䣬ʹѾȥô꣬ϲŲֽ꣬λģ֣½죬ǵλĸϡ

½쳤һ̾ʱɫЩ͸òŵǧˣǧ꣬ǲҵ˰ɣվǣûܾȻ

ǰɣߣӶԷ۾˺ƵǰλǰǵĳλĸϰɣԷʱеġӦþָĵλɡ
ˣˡ
һ̣½̲סȻ̾Թ˭ܵУţ±Ǩ˹š
ʱǿʹӣʹѾȥô꣬Ȼǹŵλ֪ÿһⲻ˱֮֡
Լ֮ǰλȻ䣬𣬸ȥĵһ죬ȥʱϲĻƣʱҲǿͱ˰ɡ
һ䡰Ҫ죬ĻҪˣҲַⳤޣ죬˵˵ЩʲôءһʱʧԵĻȴκͱˡ
һǰߣʵ꣬ǰΪҪ˴

½һ̾˵ҽ½죬λһλҽ߽˵ڶλΪʦܶһΣˣΣʱô˻ĳҲ޲ߣ˵麣£ͨڤʱұ룬ҵڤеı˰ǧ˰ĻƳɾžŻ굤ǷȲһҴű뿪˲
˴½ֳһ̾ʱʥŮ£Һͷ麣ս죬ϳϫ˫˫ڴˣҲȥˣߺʥҲ䵽޾֮Ԩȥ
˿̣½˵֮ҲȻЩԵˣ½λ֮ˣ֪ʹڤҵǧ˰ƳɾžŻ굤Ҳɡ
½ǰ֪˾žŻ굤󡭡Ҳͬ
˻
½쿴һʱ
һ۾˿Щ֪ô˵ںܶǰͱ˰жֽţ˱˸ˣÿһĲնӲĽ֡
һŻ۾ڼǧǰͱ˰жֽһ˵ˡ
˵ʲô
һ̣½ȫ֮ɫ૵б˶ֽţôܣֶͨΡЩ˭ģ


1906 
Щ˭ģã½š
صǺڵ۸ҵģǰӦ֪ڲ棬Ԩ£λڵ۰ɣ
ڵۡ½һ˿ɫڵأĻδȫȻš
ʱȷʵ֤ڵԣˣԲֽˣˡ
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ᵽ죬½¶ЩɫĿڵ˵ˣǾ⡭ֻõģ֮Դ
֮ˡ
һ̣½øˣǰмȥ˾⣬ѵھǵ˾˶±ߵĲֽţл˲ˣһļλҲƱʢȻһУҲֻĲ²⡣
˴ΪҵޣΨĲޣܳȥ֮ԴһĲˣһĲ֮֡
ԭˡ½̧ͷʵڣҵˣ
ص˫顢ľ⹳ߡӡ񡣡
š½˵ͷʵ֪֮أ
ֵϴµĻֵͣͣ˶˵ܣ½ǰ֪ܣ
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ôʵ߾Ԩ£Ҫȥһ
ò
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ǷӡȷʵղԵ۹֮ȫ޷ӡֺô죿˵ԼҲҪȥʥ𣿡
š
½˵ͷ˵Ǳ֮ǰҲֻˡ
ʲôüһʵ
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½쿴һ̣鲻򵥣Ϊʱ½˵峤մʱ
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һؿ½˵ͷұֻһɲֻо㣬ܶùˡ
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һ㶣һǰҲɢСҪĻǴز
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½ҡͷһЦЦȴࣺããһȥк桭Ҳд֮Գŵ񣬱ڵһ˽Ҫ͵͵ʹʧǧ꣬Ҳֲҵ그µĴɡ
ǰ
һʱ֮䣬ҲЩɬǰΪֿѣ֪ǰ·ããҲͷδ֮С

½ҡͷһ̧̾ͷˣ°ɣȻɴ㣬ҲŲסˡ˼ǧ꣬ڻҪŮǰͷˡ
ڲ˵ԭΪ˲֮Ҳ̫Ѳٶκθоɴ˿ȴȻ͵峤ȥʱһεĸо
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ԷһʣһʱЩƿԣ½ʱɫüͷ΢΢һ壺ôˣ
ûûʲô
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һ£½ɫ䣬ţ㣬Ϊô̫Ű˻ľû㡭
½ֻǲϴض㣬̾ɬû־أô㣿γܵס˻֮˰ˣ۶ˣڳȥˣתȥ泯ʯֹ̾
һյӣ˵ǰȻδ̫Ű˻ľһŹܹǰİ˻
㡭Ե棿
½һת˻·ֿϣ˵ͷٶԣġ顱䲻֮Īڡ㷨ʲôܹգΪá
統ţ࣬˶ˣδʵ츳ˣҲΪЦ촫๦ͻĹȫߡˡ
Ȼһֻ˶ѣԼѧƲװ˷ѵˡҿԿˡ
һĹйΪͣʵȳ࣬ࡣ
иΪҪһǣ飬Ǳ㲻ᱻǿ߹Ҳ飬ñ
ֵŹʣҲڳˡ
šҿˡ½˵ͷ˵ãȥвʣ̸֪ҡ
á
ҲٶˣˣΣֻϣǰɢĴ㣬ԽȲѵķѶԷز


1907 Ԩ֮
š
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˵ֻ꣬˫һˣ˻֮ʱӿֳһɲǣһϣɽʱ𵴲ѣֻһǣɹ֮ǿ
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⣬湦ʹû̫Ű˻ľҲȻܹ½̫Ű˻
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һɲǣԺҲѸ˵ǰ˸֣ģ½ԴԴϵİ˻̫֮Ű˻ľĹûʱȴһĻһĻԼһȫԺʵ湦Ǻ
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䡱һΧһҲͬʱȫһһ˳ȥ
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˵Ϣȴӹɵģڴʱ˵Ϣ˳ײ£ΧգҲֹ
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кʱҲֻ֪뽫߼ɣ˼⼰ˣԥһ죬ץסߵһͷһʯͷﳶ٣ȴֱʲô裬ˡ
±ߵأҶ±߱ϣô׶ϣҲǲˣǵԨ׵ʱ仯ϫ
˿̣߽һЩʱڿ壬ԭߵһͷʲôסˣϸһһ֧񴿰覣ͬ͸һɲϢ뵽ʲôűʥȴаˣȻ߲һ
ʱһϮ˲䷴Ӧһܿһƣ䵽±ȻҲһ˲䷢ʥȴаһ죬һ½ȴаʯͷ˳
Ȼһǧ꣬ȴֿܹģƾ˵ĹԽķֿ
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ץסȴаȴаţֱץһʱ䣬Ҫ˭֣
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¼߲ϣһ䣬ȻȥϮҲ˿ãתֶһһʱԨײֹ
Ƭ̣ϵŸԵ޷ȫʩչֽţŴʱһߣеЩַɳҿʱץסĩ˵ıߣδԷȥ
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ȵȣ
ס˹ƣһ˲䣬ܵһɿµӿ˱˴˶һۣɫһ䣺ϫ


1908 Ԩ
ϫ
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ߣ
˸ԥһ˲ȥǷ캣ˣҲȻΪٸߣҲ͹˳ϫӿٶȣʱ۶ٶٿ죬ǳϫǵٶȣʼձ˸һЩ
ˡ
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ߣ
һ侲ʱҲɫٶȾǼ죬ȴȻű߲֣һӰж
һۣ˵ɿߣҲһۣôɿ
˵ʱˣȻɾ룬·ԶźľſѪڣһڱܽɽȥ
ߣ
ƴȫԨȥʱϫٶȽ
˿̣Ϸ½ҲԸܵض¡¡ĳϫ֮˴ʱվڶڣһŵ档
̶Ƭ̣ǳϫ֮ѾԽԽ½ȻٺһЦ¿ȥ£ҪȻģģʥĴˣҰ˻˵Ĵˣ
´ʱһţʲôģڣƬ֮ѾܹͷӿĳˮˣͬʱҲС糾Ӱ¡
ǰ
ͬʱһĳˮҲȻߣ˵½ǽԱʪֻһ㣬˾ܽɽȥˡ
ǡ
һ̣ľˣ½ҲͬʱɫһξȻ⡰ϫ
ǰߣ
ѽޣĳˮת˲֮䣬ҪûȥȻӲˡ

½ɫ䣬һɲǣҲԥͬʱ̧˫ƣϻʱǵӿɢ˳ȥŽĳˮһЩ
ڵԴϢһ˲½ȻԻʱ赲ųˮӿȻѾľɱϾһǿߣֻһƲл꣬ǽͷųҲͬС
ǰ
ǰһĻľֲϫȻλǿߵĻǿ赲סˡ
Сӡʲôߣ
½Ѿ¶֮ɫ⳱ϫĿֲӹɣֱµ񼴱ͷųȫҲֵסá
˫ĿԲ֪½ҪʲôΨͷųǶ˵ȫֵܵ⳱ϫƬ̣һ˻ɢֻҲ벻ˡԶ׵ʧ
㣬Ҫ½Ļǣز
СӣΣҪߴزû½һɲǣӰͻȻŴ࣬ȻǽĻͷ˳
£
´˿Ҳ½һĻͷŵ˼£µס˵ĻûһҪҵλŮߣȴаȥ
Ҽסˡһᡭ˫΢΢죬ƵʥŮҲ˸֮ʱ
˿źô죬ô죿ʱʩչܴ½ǰĻǣһϫӿʱ˭Ӳˡ
Сӣ㻹ʲô
½ٴδɷ֮䣬֮䣬㻹ĥʲôСӴȥ죡
´ʱ½һۣҲ£㻹ʲôСӴȥ
Щ飬ܵȥ
·һԺǱ۾һ˲ʩչɲ£ȥֻңң棬ƺԼԼ½ǰ
أأϲŭԹ鳾£Ҷһ벻ȴҪͬڴˣٺ١

ڷ䵽޾֮ԨϷͷȥǹҲӿֻǵԨڸʱˮ㲻ټӿˡ
ǰ
¿ǰĹˮֻ۾һ±øˣվԱߣԨΣǳĬú˶Ѿˣʲôá
»عͷȥһۣһĮӣһ±ǰûи飬ǲǰˣһҲѹ
ѹ
俴Ҳ̲סˣָָԨĳˮָȥҪҪ޾֮ԨĳϫұɽǰĻǴز
㻹˵ңµҪ㣬ҲܽǰĻǴʥ塭
֣
ϻˣһקߣ±ǰһΣҲֱ̧ۣԼһӦ֣
û˵䣬ˣȻʱȻ춯ֻ޾֮ԨĳˮͻȻֿʼǣ˻ֱĴǧ߸ߡ
ȵȡ
Χ˿ֹĸо˵ɭ䣬Ҳס˺Ƭ̺˶һۣʱڴ˹ʶһͬ뿪˵
ʱķȥһ·ϣȻ˭ҲԸ֣ɾ˴š
˲֪ãȻضɽҡй֮𣬵ĻӦϴɴʱǴӵ´
㿴
ͻȻɫһ䣬ֻ˸һЩݴȻˮʼӿ飬Ҳһ±أĳϫҪˡ


1909 
ߣ
չǰȥ֮Ѿдˮӿ֮ǰʱ·ҲѾһƬ󺣣Щɽ嵺죬ȫû˺ˮ档
죬ֻߴߣ⳱ˮһӿˣٶȱ㳬˶󣬺ܿ죬Χһɽ壬Ҳ̼䱻ϫûˣˣҪߣ
ߣ
ߣ
˼ͬһʱȷܷȻȴ෴ķ򣬴ʱ߻ϣԷôһָԷק˻
㵽Ҫıߣ
Ҫıߣ
˱˴˿һۣһ̣ͬʱԷķȥֱק˻
㡭
Ǵĵİɣ
¡¡
ߵȻӿ̼䣬һıߣ
ı߶
ǿڳϫӿĳϫжֲȻض˵½λǿߣҲοˣ
ߵת˲ʱĿǰĺȻҲкˮӿµľˣٻһûʱ俼ˣֻƴһ
ߣ
һ̣ٲԥǰƬȥһʲô

ˣ
Ŀ¶ɫʱߵˣѾߣﱻ˴÷ǣˡ˵꣬ԥһǰĺȥ
ûʱ俼ǣοʱűߣֻܸȥȥ˲䣬ϷĳϫѾӿ߾˳ײһ𣬡¡֮ʱֲֹӿɢȥƬ򶼷˿ɶ붼ӷǵ³
˵£ǺˮϷϫǣ£ͬðӿΪٸߣɳϫ֮£΢޷Լ壬ֻܱĴײ
⺣Ӳİڶ˾۷̥ʹײҲ̫ܵ˺ֻʹ⡣
¡£
±ߺһƬΨбߺʥ΢âʱ⳱ϫ֮£Ȼ޷ס壬űߵ󣬸ǴʹҪնһ
ƫƫʱ²һ𣬱ϫ֮Ĵײֱ߲޷룬ǿɱҲǷս˵󱻻նϣֱ۶
¡¡
ϫ֮ȻδͣԽԽͣ󴦴֮ʹѾܹպۣѪ͸˳´ʱҲ࣬ôȥ˵رնϡ
Ǵ˿̳ϫ֮ǿȣԶԶԤ룬ڸ޷Լ壬޷Է
Σһ̣µ͵ײһʯϣǽʯӲûһ·飬ʹµʱ棬ô˻ᣬ˳űߣһ³˹ȥĬʱâһȦһȦ½һ
ʲô
Լһɫ΢΢һ䣬֮ʱ˲ЩȽڣʥŮһӰһ𣬳ɺͳ
ͱ𶯣
һɲǣϫ֮ˣҲͬʱһ˲䣬֮УȻ֮ȴ߶˵ڴԨ棬̸۵޶ȼ˳Ψ۵ʱĳϫ֮Կ
ǡ
¿֮ͻȻֵӰҲɵһЩӰ麣ĳϫ࿹
¡¡
Ȼǵ͹⳱ϫټϹʱڱ·ӡʮ֮һܷӵó
ܿ죬⸽ӰһһɢɫɷףǾҲѣ۶ֵסˣѵҪ
ʱü֮ϺȻһʥӡǣһǿѪ֮ӿһλ֮ǿߵѪȻϣԾӣҲǱѰˡ
µʥѪ۵ȴԲԵֵʱĳϫ֮һɲǣڵѪҲȼһͻȻһɸǿԶҲеһǡ
¡¡
ɳϫ̶֮۵Ӱһ˲˵Ѫ֮Ҳһ˲䣬ɿµĳϫ֮ûˡ

֪˶ãϫƺʱȥˣҲˮ嵽˲֪δѾ˫˫ʧȥʶ⸽ųûκϢֻһĺˣظĴڰߡ
û£û̫һЩ谵Ĺߣȴ֪ǴӺδԶԼԼܹɽӰӣƺ֮ǰӹˡ


1910 ֮
ǺˮϮҲǴʱϴľʹ˹ʶ̧̧ڣһߣҲɺһ
һ˲䣬ϫٵʱʧȥʶҲ֪嵽ʲôط֪˶ãʱֻӻģҲʹ
˺һҡҡλվǱȥԷһҲʱʧȥʶڻδ
ûУ
˹Ȼк㲻ȥˣ̧ѱȡǱ߲ϣȻʩ˷һʱƬ޷ȡ¡
ŮˡŪãҲ޷ȡ£ܲýնɣ
㡭ʲô
ʱҲת˹ԼʪڰߣܷӦҪԾӸһʱһʹ·ȫһ޷ʹˡ
ʲô
ɫ󾪣һֻؿڣһֻֽűߣʥŮԣʧȥһһֲ£ǺεΣգ
ʱܾģ䵭ҪңˣҶʲô˵Ҷʲô
㡭
¿֮ǰ飬ֱһȻϫ٣ʧȥʶ
ô
߽һЩע⣬ٴߵĿھߣһ·Ĺâ˿ɼһ㣬Ѹٽ
ʲôȻñ߽Լסˣɫһ䣬ͬʱĿ͸һɺ䡣
ҾãţܻһЩõȻᣬָЩ
㡭ɿң
ȴҲã߿ӳͬһķһס类סһ˵ʱʹΪȫʢʱڣҲδܹǿѱߣԽֻԽԽǲϼһ棬ʱ͸ӱˡ
Ȱ㻹ʡЩߣĿǰֻøɿҹָˣʱԻɰ󡣡
˵ţȻĴ㣬Ȼ˶޷˹Ա˴˶ûвŮΪߣһλ֮ǿߵѪһлָʱԼô죿
Լǲն󣬿أŮ֮ǰ棬Ϊ赲˻Ĺˣ԰麣Щ֮Ū˰װɥĺδؼòնԼɱԼ
㡭
½ָҧаģҹָˣҪ㡣
ۺ޺޵ӣ˵ʲôأڴ⣬ǲǣˡ˵꣬ߡ
ֻøȥƽȴδܹܴ裬ǣߣǲǳţ
ԽԽ޷˹ѣŭ֮£һ߳ǰһʯͷ߷˳ȥǰϡ
ʲôתȥȵˣ㻹ʵ

ĿԲŭһۣûҧ촽Ա߸һʯͷȥŴʯͷۣʯͷǶ˵һȥʯͷûԼ۵ֱ
ء
Ҹ˵ʲôţ
ʼ򣬿߲ţֶ̧ײȥģֺֺЦ֮ĲУͽʯͷԼĽš
㡭ұ죡˫糺죬٣˵ӣͦɰ
㡭ˣһڿˮȥܿҡҡͷˡ˵꣬Ҫ뿪֮ʱǰȴȻҰһ
ȵȡ
һɲǣӦΣϢȻʶȴͬһʱҲܵˣѸٿΣϢ
ɿңһۣʮֵ͵
𳳡
ָһʱԣⲻͣ˸ȻҲӦɷ֮
ڣһӰˣϸ֮£һ߹Ǻк͸ϲκϢǲ֮֮ǰڻЩ֮Щ̫һ
ǡѵ֮ء
ʱֵһ麣ȻҪö࣬ԭˣ䵽Ƭء֮ˣҪγȥ
ģˣһ˶Ըɿң
𳳣
תۼ䣬ѳӹͷ͸ĺô򵥣µٸߵˣһմȾʬ總֮ңһ԰
ָһʱȥȻڹаɷҲԶԸһֻ
ɷɷɷ
ת˲֮䣬ϵʬøˣ⸽һѪȥ»ĹԼ˹ѣʱض
ʥһӣ
ȻȻʥһҲ޷ٻһ˲䣬ϵʬøˣҪɡ
ɿң
Ͼɫ۹һʬȾһΪȫˣҲٲܼΪʥŮ
ۼԽԽǿô򶼴Ҳ˲ôˣָһһڱϣʱɿ¡
콣а
һѸʱһ⣬նȥҲͬʱѽһնȥȴһĹͷ˲
ɷɷɷ
һɲǣѪأͷҲѪ͸ɫһ䣺Ҫˣһ䣬ҹָ޿֣
ô죿
üͷ壬벻ϫײôһͷĹүǴûʧ
Ѹʥ巨ӡܹԸ޷˹ӡ̫֮Բɱôһͷ
ʱ˲ڱмʥһ뵽ʲô˵ȴаȴаɱ
ԣҲԥ֮ʱͬʱչȦȦؽ߲ϣʥȴаϡ

סʱһͳµĺ¹Щȥ
㣡ץűߣһ̣ܶõõ˼ޡ
ҡ
˫üһֻקűߣһֲֻϽӡͬʱвֻʥ棬ʱһҫ۵ĹâǼ˹ĹһðΪ˻ҽ
ﻯΪҽ˲˿ǰߣŵѷپĺɫۼʵʲô
˵꣬һ̧ͷȴ²ſھھǸղԱ߲ƶԷʱĿھû뵽ô죬ͱѧȥһ˲䣬㱻Լı߸סˡ
ʲô
£ȴ޷ѱߣһЦ˹ѧ֮ǰĻҾãţܻһЩо仰ô˵ţʮӶʮ벻ô죬ҵˡ
һҲں˵ҾãΡŮ˵Ů𡣡
ǡ
һЦͬѧĻȰ㻹ʡЩߣĿǰҲֻɿ
ûϵԼᡣ
˵ţ˸ʱɿˣŵһˣæýָ㡭


1911 
˹ȥһֱߵԣʱŵڵǵã´βҪˡһ䣬Ļҡ
㡭
һʱһ½޺޵ȴûа취´һֻֻøȥ

ߡ
ߡ
㵽Ҫıߣ
Ҫıߣ
ǻգ˵ʼմﲻһ£¼ԼԣƽϲŭɫʱҲ̲סˣϤ麣Ϥ麣вУ
ת麣һûϤΣյĸӦұղɽȡˣ˵ףĸҴС㣬ҲֻŹˣΣʱΪٸߣʲôá
㣡
ô˵Լ¸һ˵˭ŵĴС㣿
㿴⸽ңе𣿡һߵ˵ţһּǰȥ
㡭㡭
ݽҧָá죬ѲŭҪ֮ʱȴֺȻ뵽ƽԼƽӲ׿ԼϲŭΪһǰˣÿζŭ˳
ԡһ̣뵽ʲôһ·ǹģԼĹƽľһһμŭԼʹԼԻָһĹָˣɳû߱ߺȴа˺ա
ںվŲߣŮˣҲͦԼҪƻľһԼȻָˣǿƿķ߱ߡ
ôʼˣСƢˣˣ
˿̣ղǰ㣬¿뷨طǲˣԱ֮ʩʵ㵽ʲôˣ
㿴Ǹ𣿡
˵Ǻǡ
һЦ˵֪ˣǸåƦӣ졭Сʱ϶ûٸ˴ܰɣ
ˣ˵ˡ
Ȼɫƽ¼ףȴģЦˣСʱ򣬿϶ûиĸɣ
һΣͻȻˣЦһʹˣǰ˼ֱ˵ˣŶԣиĸԵᣬĸĸһС͵ɣֻоͷ죬òǡ
˵ȥȻתͷһɲǣԸܵһɺ䣬ظҪµĺ䣬һ˫۾һ˫۾
һסˣΪδܹ˱ĺ⣬ǰӡ
Ҹ㣬иĸҵĸףˣҵĸףһӢۡ
ͳֱ䣬źһֲֻİһԪԷǰ֮ˣͻȻ
ʬιҰޣһ·Ͱ㡭˵꣬ǰȥ
¿תȥıӰֱ󱻱ʱŻعߵʲôף߾ˡ
һ·ûʲôֻרѰҳȥķȻƬ֮شΣգֻҪСһЩȥһЩҲûж顣
һգҵһѷ죬ܹԸܵϢӦòжΣգĿǰ˵ĹӦǿܹԦס΢֮
˱˴˶һۣһ·Զûʲô˿ϵһ𣬱ûбǣţҲҪ뿪һ˫ӣ˭С
ߣ
¼˵ͷһƫ˫ǰҲȥһܿ˿ɫ谵ĳٿ䣬˵Һȥ
ߡ
Żعͷǰѷ죬˵Ȼɲ֪͵ʲôطȥǸһ㡣
ˣ߰ɡ
ٶԣϼʩ˸漴̤ѷһ̤ѷ죬̸ܵΧһ֮ӿҪѹƬһ
֮˵ط΢࣬ڴʱ˶ԣͬ쫷һ˾ǽ쫷ģԱȶбǣű˴ˣʧС
֪˶ãֻصϫѾȥΧɽ¶˳֪´γϫֽǺʱﶼǳ´γϫ֮ǰָȻҵȥķ
šһУ˳
˿Ĺѻָɣ棬ƺ޷ٻʥһӵ꣬СĽŮˡ
ȥͨ·û̫ĻҪж֮ʱȴͻȻץס˱ߣȵȡ
ôˣ
ˡ
ˣ
ˡ
һǰ˵ʱѾһһɲǣҲڸӦˣǰˡȻҲ
˵ϢӦҲѾˡ׼ãսɡ
Ŀ𽥱ñ䣬ȷǰˣʥˣǵĻͲˡ
Ҳס˺ȫʢʱڣκˣֻɹǶԷ棬һ̫徳ǿߣֻ½նΣӡܹģǾԲ򵥡
ղǵ֮ǰˡ
˵ĽŲԽԽҲ䱸ţҪӣӲģԷ˵Уضһ̫徳ǿߡ


1912 ɱ
ܿ죬Ѿ֣ߣװѰЩ̫һǰˣź£Ϊ֮ϡ
һ̣ͻȻЩӲ˫Ƭ̣ߣѾ亹ҲҳȻϳǰ£λʥŮ
ǰǺĿ񣬶ϣûȥעԱߵΪԶλʦֶ֮ϣԴ˿̸ܵõµĹֻɣʲôʡ
Ƭ̣ż̽Եؿڵ벻ڴ˴ӡ
ĿƵмʥ棬˿߲ϵڸ󣬲Щ֡
侲ǰˣЦҲû뵽ڴˣλǰŶˣǿ˾ǰЩգ⸽ɢˡ
˫һ˵ûмǴǴ˾Ӧ桭
һɲǣձøӱˣǺˣͷ亹ðʱڵ˼˻Ĺ壬иȤö࡭
λС˭
˵ǺֽĿϣӡδһˣԷȥҲʥˡ
һ·˶ѡ⡣
Ȼƽһ˵ţһԱߵʯͷϣǿһǰЩˣʱһҲɱڣһ𡭡
ڣҰæ𣿡ص
鲻䣬ʱѾܵԷɱȫʢʱڣױȡȴɲ
Ǻ߽һЩ˿ȴаͱߣ˵ӦþʥȴаͲ֮һı˰ɣţȻġ
ʥޡ
Ҳһºغӿ˿߲ϣһʱЩŪ˵Ĺϵˡ
ߵ˵Ĺֻʣɲںʲô
ɹ
ԣһ£ܿ㷴ӦֻʣɲĹڴʱȥʱһɲǣ˵ĿҲɱ¶
Ȼܵ˵ɱɴ䲻˵ɹҪԸǣҲ㹻ˣοߣһˡ
ȵȡһվǴǵģҿû˵Ҫ˭
ߣǾһϣ
ͻȻɱй˵棬Žƣʹ̫ǿߣҲóȻΪֻɹӲԷһ
һ˲䣬Ȼܵ˵Ϣѹһ̧ñһ½˹ȥ˵Ӳм
¿һۣʱչ֮ǰԸȥԸĳϡ
ܸղ˵ǲɴһʼ͸ܵ峤ϵɱ⣬վһϣĲ֣
˫Ƭֻ̣ɹȻ峤ϵĶ֣˾ǵ֮ڶԷƷ£οԶԷɽϮˡ
Сüͷ壬ù£ȥҹľضڴС
һ̣˶һۣղʳ࣬Ǻ³ʱʱ˺Ȼһǰһͬʱ߶ߵǺȫû˾ͬʱò֮һıߣȷӦʱѾ߲סˡ
ʦ壡
ʦ屻߲סԶ߾һҪǰʦͻȻָһѽɹȥ͡һѪĽһ½Ƕ˵
㣡
͵һԭŮ˴һʼһֱʵղ¶࣬ҲڵϹ
ٺ٣õúܣʥŮȻơ
˿̣ǺݺݵصΪƾھסң£ϺȻһ𣬾ǿгƱ֮ơ
Ȼܡ
һ̣úһ˲䣬ҧ⣬һھѪǲϧѪ֮һָǺüĵȥ
ʱǺ߼Ѫ֮ʱҲڱɫȻһʱƬѲã顱һһָüģʱǴˣһѪӿ
£
ֻǺɢѪĿ׶صǰˣ¶Ѫ֮һָȻûܻɱȻϾһ̫徳ߣô׻ɱģ
ʱħָҲɣֻɹҲɷͬСɣ顱һһָ׽λ̫峤ϵ


1913 
һֻۣعͷǰ峤ϵʬ壬˵Ļ죬ɱҶ˺๼
û˵޹߰ɣȻЩʬ塣
˵ţǰȥа룬˻Ĺ壬Ҳ̫Ű˻һڲϣȰ˻˸ҪأԣǼ¡

߳ʮºȻڵղšллˡ
лôǰѱ߽⿪Ұɡһ죬㶣ٽصһֻ£
һֵҪȻͷ⿪ɣüλϣǺܽߺȴаֿʱһὫ߻㡣
ǡ
һЦ㵱СôһȥЩֱֻ֣ӱ㽫ɱˣӴ˭֪֮һʥ塭
㡭
˫üһ壬˵ҲãҲգ˵ֿҶὫ߻㡣
˰ɡ
Զ˿һֵҶȷʵУ˭úûָȻҪˣνأ
Ǽֵ⿪ͷһһ죬㿴У
ðһתͷƺôãҲò𣿡
Ȼ²ϵͷһֻҰɣһ죬ܡ
ˣû˵
ǰȥ׷ȥҪȻһ˱һʱһʱܣܿ˰ɣ
ͻȻãʵôһ飬ͦãҪ롣
㡭å

ֹȥգ⼸ָŹ飬ʥЩ֮ǰָ±ߺʥȻ޷ֿʱһߣҲڶԷá
һգºȻŤŤ⵹Щתȥ˫Ƚ£ţϻЩ΢΢죬ʵôˣ𣿡
ۣ
̧ͷһֺۣЩݣջŤŤɿôˣҪҪǸɿǣܲվһԿŰɣ
Ҳǲԡ
㡭å
ˡףߡ
úܣΪȾ磬ôʧȥҲһ¾ͱúͷһ֮ˣһڱǸɸɾˡ
˼Էʶƣֻҧ޺޵һۣŲʵǰȥ
ȴڰ˼Уȥ֮ǰεýõ֣ôţһȥΣգ治οӣ˿һӰһ𣬱ϾԿηԺôʥŮ

ͬʱڻһǰŰλʥ峤ϣλϣһ۵ˡ
ϵϢȰλϼǿ˿̾λʥ峤ϣҲǱϹϾǰҴһڴʥĴ˾
̫ˣδȣУΪβ
ʱ洫˾λʥ峤϶Щʱ䣬ѾȥˣûκϢҪʲô飬˿ɵ𣬴ʱӲ˵컹һˡ
һ˵Ϊ˾ļǣοŵλŮѪ֮ΣѪض
š
˾۾˫ָҪΪ⼸ļϼһԽȥһˡȣĳϫʱ٣ʱңȥ
סλϻһһ˵ٵգŮϢҰ˱ضԽѰҡ

ֹ죬һգĹѾָһ룬ʱҲҵһ£棬һͨѷ졣
㿴
ָָ£ȴûиеκϲ˵ϫʱþ뿪ڹָֻһ룬ȥ֮һûˣʥô죿
߰ɡ
ȥѷǰʱܵһɼǿ֮֮ǰǴسǵѷ죬ǿࡣ
¿ǰѷ죬̽һʶһ˵֮ЩǿûϵҺӦǲ⡭˵ȳȥֿҶὫ߻㡣
߰ɡ
ҲٶˣˣֻһһˣЮס£ʥ˲ȻҵˣǣڶȻ滷ˡ
š
˵ͷֵҸղ̽˴֮Щǿʩϡһ˵ţһ߿ʼʩ
ȥҲĬĬʩȴʮ־裬͵͵һۣһ˲䣬ͻȻˡ
һúףȻûзȻŮĺݣ⼸һֱһ֣ϧ£ˣڻߴһ


1914 ʥ˾
һ˲䣬һϮûз̧Ƶɲǣһɢˣȫһ
㡭
һƴȴֿ֪ʲôʱ˶Էİ㣬顱һһƴؿڣҿ۵ֵδܵˣˣ׹ȥһϵıҲɿˡ
£һҵ㡭
׹£һ仰¿ǰյ£΢΢üֻ˵һ䡰ǸѷԾȥ
棬һƬ£ˡһµ£֫ٺƶһ㴫ʹ
ɷɷɷ
׹֮⸽һƬڰȻЩʲôѸٿ˹ȻһЩȥ顣
л׹ⳤݷµµ飬ʱ糱ˮһȿֺӿҪѪʳ

˹һ𣬽Χ˳ȥҲҫ۽⣬ʹø飬ٿ
¡
̧󣬿ϼȦպۣ֪ΰֽˣͨߡԭĹͻָˣһ·װóǡϷŮˡ
ɷɷɷ
ʱٴγԿ£˹һΣٸҿǻҷ𣡡
һΣΧ鶼ɲϢɢȥˣ糱ˮ̼糱ˮȥ
һ壬׷ȥҲµĶ֣ο棬ܶʥˣùָ½ǰĹڻͨжԷ̫Ű˻ľ

󣬻ʥ弸λˣʥĴ˾ʼźɫۣˡ
˾
˺˾˹֣ȻʥŮʥߵȨ˾Ͼĳο˾Ϊɲ⣬ģȻֻһ
£ȥôãʲôˣһȥǸˣҳûУ
ʱһλ۵ĳϣȲʵ
˫ü΢صˣ˵ȳȥ˵⣬ȴаҵˣֻǡУЩ⡣
ʲô⣿λý˾Ŷۣʱɫ
Ҳʲô⡭
һ˵ţһ߽ʥͱȡ˳λһһ㶣͸˿ǡ
ޣߡ棬˴˾ġ
ߡλʥ峤һȴаһ
µ֮ǰԹ취޷ֿ뼸λϺֿ
ɡ
˾ǰ˼¿˿Ǳʹ˾ˡ˵ţߺȴа˹ȥ
˾Ա߼λ϶亹ֱʶ߿˿ɲģһȥҲᱻֲըûҷ
š
˾ϸȻһˣģһǧ꣬һ±ֿˡ
²һ˾Ϊָ࡭
ȴаڻˡ
˾ʥȻűߣȴûɿ˼ѿ֣˼˵ʥһأ˾߸Ұɡ
Ҫʲô˾һۣʵ
ʵߺȴаһҵģҴӦὫ߻
˵Ļ߰˸ʥ峤϶һһ̣·Ѿܹܵ˾ǿµϢˡ
һȴа£úܺãڲޣ£㲻ùˡ
˾֮⣬Ȼǲ黹ˣһ죺ǡ
û˵ȥԷϵ£֪Ǻ𣿲֮һܹҳŵܣ֪ʥԣζʲô𣿲ޣ֮ѷǲ֮
ַȥ߰λϼջ֣Ҳ˿û뵽һ仰ְһ
˾ѱ߸ҡ
µͻȻЩˣҲ˼Ӳλʥ峤ɫ䣬֪µӣС˾ǿһȵ£
Ŷ
˾תȥʱͣǲء
һɲǣͻȻǰһҪӴ˾رߣһ£Ѻλ϶ŵû⣬ɢ

˾һȣһ𵴳ȥֻеǰһ쫷ѹòȥ˵ףĹҲδȫָȫָˣҲȻӲס˾Ĺ
Ů
漸λæǰסһ˼˾ͷֵ˾ϢŭŮᣬƽ֪ն񣬷ƭղųײ˴˾
ߣ
˾һ䣬Ҫȥ֮ʱȻһɾҵ𵴣߰λʥ峤Ͼɫһ䣺ѵϫҪˣ
ϫ
һ̣ҲеЩʱͻȻƸӦʲôһֻ̧棬еĺ˸


1915 С
¿Ϻ˸ʱ֪ʲôʵϫҲˣ
ԣλϲһ³ϲŵҲǺ֪ûãһ·͵͵˳Һõ麣λϣûΣգǰЩգͻȻгϫ٣ɢˡ
֡
½ָϫã֪õӣС͵ƤҲøСһҪ͵͵ס
Ǵ˿̣²ϫ֣ôˣ˾ʥҲȥϫ
ˡ
ʱ˾ڿڵ߰ɣ뿪ȥǡ

ϫϫϫ𣿡
֮طҲϫλϵӰӦڸΪҲˣ
¡¡ʱΧͻȻо𵴴ѹֵĸоƺǳϫҪˡ
һ·ϣλɫţһҪСһֵĳϫˣ˭Ҳȥ
ϫϫڽϫ
½ȴ޻ӦʱֲóȻɵϣϵ̫ǿϫ
ʱΧԽԽˣɿµϢٲȻǳϫ麣ĳϫڻͬ˿־塣
ڣһλµĳ̲סɿ־ˣ˵ϫҪˡ
ϫûҵ
ʱ˶˾ȥһֻ洫ҲͶλϣѾȥˡ
˵һ̧󣬿˸ĺ⣬˵ܸӦڸ
ϫϢԽԽλ϶ɫز߻üһϫˣǻΧд˾ڣҲº뿪
գ˾նʥѾʧǧ꣬һΣȥ£ﲻ𣿡
ǡ
Ȼ˾˿̵˼ǲϫˣ˵ͷã˾뼸λȻȥȥá
վס
˾һ䣬ʥŮ㲻֪㣬ȴа֮ͬ޷𣡡
߰λ϶쾪㵲ȴа֮ǴͨӵΨһ⼸ǧʥˣûзܻڽա
Ů߰ɣ
ʱλҲĿ⽹ؿ£Ȼ̬ȼ俴Ŵ˾ıӰҵϫ֮ǰҾ뿪麣
ôŮðˡ
˾һ죬һɾ³ȥȻһɲǣԶȻһŮ㡭㣡
ϫϫϫ
㣬
˾֮ʣֻһŮһӲݴľ˳ŮԼĪʮ꣬ýС磬϶ˣϴһٻСȹ̤鲽ּİٻСһ˭˿˲ϲ
ϫ
һΪʱ󣬻һˣ˴һŲߣ׷ѩһ˫۾

˾ŴӲݴľ߳ˣ֮£ֳԱ߼λʥ峤Ͼһǲңɱλ̫徳ϵĲ
˭ſã¿ߺߵһ˫۾ǹɲõԤУԽԽǿˡ
ôôͲǵô£˵ҵġ´˳µʱ׹ѣԭ㾹ǲ
ʲôǣſã
½ָһֱȻ˵˻λµĲֶ֮ݣ˵Ų˵ɱλ̫徳ĳϡôҲ벻֮ǰǸˣȻǲ
ûû£㣬û¡λû˺ң֮ǰҺͳ߶ˣޣǸҡ
˿ϫҡС֣ƺܶµӡ
Ŀ䣬ŶʥˣˣӦþ֮ǰ˵Ĵ˾ˣ˵Ϊܸߡ
ѱ߽¡
ǲ侲䲻ҾãûǷſ
棬˴˾ͬʱϢı
ôҲͬ䵭˾Ҫһԣܷ˾ߣ
˿̳ϫϢѾԽԽ˫ȴλʥ峤ϼ亹ֱһ˵ҪȻȥ棬ȥ˵Σ
ߡ
˾һߣٿһ³һƺͣ¶Ȼһ˾ã
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۼ˾Ϯһգϫֿľ˲Ϣ֮쳹أֻǿľһɼ̫Ű˻֮
䣡
һ죬Χɽʯ飬Ի۳ɢȥ˸ʥ峤ϾһˣĿ¶ɫôܣʮѣ˹˾һƽ֣


1916 ħ
ܿ죬侲ǰŲߵӣѵһһǸˣĲֻһǱ𡭡
Ĺ̫죬Ψһܹ뵽ģֻˣֻߣԷ֮ǰʱԷѾˣʧȥ˲ֹ
Σ˾ǰţܹа˾ô
·һƴȥ˿Ҳûһλʥ峤ϾѲȻ֮ɫܹɱλ̫徳ĳϣΪ֪ŲߣҲ޷ΪӸղһصĹˡ
䣬²࣬Ϊѵ̫徳أԲܡ
¡¡
ʱȻɽһԶȥֻһɽ壬Ȼˮˣĳˮֱӿ˹
ϫˣ
λʥ峤һʱ˾Ȼţһ˲䣬ѾȫԤϡ
ϫļһ½ǰһ̻վŵĵطһ̣ѱˮû
ϫ
´һҪɹȥˣʱһ˴һ½赲ˣ죬һ˫ܿѾõӰˡ
ߣ
λϾѹҪȥ˾ڳȥˣҸȫط˵
ȫĵطϫ֮£ȫ֮أ
˿Ůϫǧﴩ󣬸ղǹɳϫ̫֮ǿµˣҲҲԷģֻһȫĵط
ץˡ
࣬ղһƣ̫Ű˻ľĸҪʥ˾ҲһڻЩҡ

ˣϫŵñ۾ֻץһֻ˾Сèš
¡
ףһ˴ɲʩչ˼ޣϫһ˲䴩˹ȥ

ϫŵþһǲֻؿڣҡͷأϫ¡
㲻¡
ٽɲһչֱܿһӿľˣ֪˶ãڿһɽأͦ²ԥɽϷȥ
ء磬ǵ𣿡Сϫŵòס£ץ·
ءǰƬĺ򣬴ʱҲкܲҪж¡
ҾãӦûô졣
ϫ͵͵һֻ۾ǰ¾ŵһ£æ۾Ȼץɿ
ˣˮʱǵȥԱߣҡ
˵꣬ϥȥʱɫɷףֻڵŶѣ뾡˹Ϣ
ޡ
ϫɿ׵ȥȴ̫ԶȻҲ𣬿ǻҪߵġ
Լһʱ±ߺˮȻɽ壬ľ죬ϫӺ£͵͵һЩץ½ǲš
˵㲻£òź¡
ȻЩϫ죬ɿ½ǣϸ˵磬㲻ҪòãĶһỹġ
ûֱڶʱˮʱȥˣɽ棬ԭ׵Ԩȡ
ߡվգϢѾȣ´γϫ֮ǰҵȥ·
˼죬мСĳϫ죬ӦѾ߳ˣҲ֪µġ
磬磬Һۡ
˷ɽԽ룬ִƬ򣬱գϫѾ߲·ˣЩע⵽ǿΪȴǳ͡
Ϣһ߰ɡ
̫
һϢһϫһɽȥһ£֣磬߲ݵġ
ЩϦദʹ뵽ɶ
ǲ뱻Ұ޵ߣͲҪ뿪ɷΧ
һȥĿָԪЩ챼Ҳúûָһ¾
ޡϫ죬գһ˫϶˵۾ȻߵԱߣɵĿ
˵ɷΧ㲻ÿô
ޡ
ϫ˹죬ԱŲһ磬ûзӦȻЦ磬磬ժɣϫ뿴ӡ
ȥ棬Ҫҡ
ޡ
ϫͷȥ̽ͷ磬ˡ
Բø˵
ޡ
һϫȻ˹ȸղЦøˣ磬磬ժɣϫ뿴
ȥ档
ޡ

죡
ɫ𽥰˼죬ظ֮ʱߺȻϫЦ磬ժ
ظһ䣬Ҿͽ˵

ϫŵסС죬æȥ棬ʱ۾˰ˣѾͷ
磡
ϫͻȻһ³ǰһۣüôˣ

ϫС죬ȹǣСҸոϰȹӹˣܰҲһ𣿡
Щͷˣûߣΰ㲹ȹӣͷȥ
ѽԭû߰ܰժϫ뿴ŮһʱЦû֦Ҳ

һʣ麣ټҹϫѾŴ˯ˣﲻ֪߽ʲô˹ȥóһѣϣȻߵһԣ˹ɴʱУ뵽ɶ
Ȼһʱ䣬Ҳæʱɶ麣޷Ӧˣ֪Ρ

죬¹ƺ覶־ףħϣķڶȻֻһͬҪҲ̤̫徳硣
ʱ죬ħ£Ȼ𡰻һˮֻһ˶ͷˮ̽˳Ĺ۲ܡ
壬ôˣ
Ӷ˳Ӵһ´Ӻˮ̶Ƿʲôһͣܿȥ
壿忿һЩټʱӣȻ츽ʲô
һɲǣҲˣǾһơħ
ʲôˣ
ֻһʶһ˲һħһ˳ȥҲһ´̶ˮŷ˳ȥ
վס
׷棬ȻħѾ֮£һڼߡ
ߣ
ɲһ̤˲׷ȥָһһħնȥնһ֮ϣ˲ʧˡ
ϣ
ʱһӰǰҲ𰣬Ƕڰٲݹȣ˿̳ǰģ׷
ϣղšȻ׷ʶҹӰˣԸղţֻһħ
ħ
ŸղһƺʧĵطԲӦղŵħͬ˼ħ֮ˣҲͬħڣħͬڹɽħԨħһɡʮִħʲôطħŻ˴ħ


1917 
ϣҪȥ׷𣿡
׷ǰӿƺһħʵǲѰղӦģƺҲħħǻʲôطħ
ˡ
ջĿ⣬ҲߣŸղħʧĵطͳ
ˣٲݹǱߣջϢ𣿡
˫ָԵ׷˿ϴȥٲݹȣѾ£ʱæҲϾȥٲݹȣ֪ǷǳϽϡ
׷ǰЩսϢأ˵λǰѾתò˶ãжˡ
š
΢΢ףѾȥ꣬Ҳ֪ǷѾҵԴӱȥ麣ķҲ޷以Ӧˡ
߰ɣȥʱ䣬లЩ棬ϼӷ
һ˵ţһתȥˣʱлǹһ£ţϴһ¹ƺҲûгֹˣʵЩ֣ǧҲصġ
֮⣬ڤǱ޶ϴβºͰҹߣӦˣһģܽڤˣ޷һزޣǰ鷳ӽû

麣շƺС࣬ϫһԴ˹ʱȥһҹҲָòˣ붯̣ȥ棬ҵһˡ
ѽ
Сϫ˯سﻹϵ·Ҳ۾ճȥὫ߻ҡ

Ůǰˣ˯һȫޣﻹѣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˣһһġ
ߡ
ٶԣȥգڻصΧߣҲ
ҸӦˣǰߣϫȻָǰ漸ɽ壬˳
ߡ̴ǰǼɽȥٽʱȷʵܵµϢ
ϫ
㣡
˫ٴ棬ջЩˣʥİλϣ˾£ֻһ·ϣδˣɸղϴŵ㣬ЩӦӲˣѾ麣ˡ
ּˡ
˾˹ֱñְϫļϣϻ˵ߣ򡭡һɲǣһµĺâ
ңɺɱͦվ˳ҪѰһˡ
ԡ
䵭ʥļλϣնԷ˾һƣѾˣûпܴϫȹһϫ
㣬û¡磬û˺ϫ˿СϫȻʮֶ£˾˾ѱ߻ɡ
סڡ
˾Ŀϣ˫ԾɶŲ£һֻ´һȷܹŽߴȥô
ص˾Ҷ϶ʱģʥˣҲˡ
˫ٴαýţ̣һΣ˾δϴóȻ֣ƺǰˣҲһЩɵϾ˿ģֻһѡ
һٴεҵģһֱȥǻδߣ˾֪Ρ

˫ĿһǳߺĲɱϣһ£ʶǸåˣ˿˾ȥ˾

ϵɱˣλʥ峤ϣʱҲ̲סڣ˾´һЦǲηڻǽ˳
״λϺ¶˿Ȼϫϣù
¿Ĵ˾һۣԣ߹ȥȡߣȻһһ˹һֱߵǰá
Ȼüͷһ壬ǰߣ
һ˲䣬߶ߵһ²䣬һͻȻλϾδӦ˾һ˲ˣһ˲佫ϫ˹ȥ£ȥ
㣡ͻһ£ϫҲŵûʧɫ
£
λһ׷ȥʱ˾ϫ͵أȥ׷䣬˲Ϣһڷ磬׷ȥ

±߲ţһʱѲãΪôױȫղһĶϣûϵԷͻȻ͵Ϯ
ܿͻ֪
䵭ţͷһȻǣʱԷȥһơ
Ϣ֮ڣſҽɢ麣ʱ洫һµ˲Ϣ䣬˾Ѿ׷
һֻۣعͷ㲻Ǵ˾Ķ֣Ұɡ
ߡ
û˵ʱһ;ϮȻǴ˾ˣ⺣ϣûгϫĹǺƺǿˡ
Ȼһʱȥһ£Ҳһ󷽴˾״ջ̿¡


1918 Ю
µѨΪܣһ·麣ȥʱѵΧ𽥶һЩߣȻҲа˻Ĺˡ
ʲô
ǡ
ȵȡץŵǸˣǲʥŮ𣡡
Ƽ⺱һĻһʱĿɿڴڲĴţֵ÷зţɱϣ˾ͽĴţѲڶɽռʥŮ˸һôʥŮ
Ǻ񡭡¡
һʱţ£˻Ĺ֮Ůᣬ̤̫徳أԽǧϹʵһţʵӹɣǸĳϣʥѪΪɵʱڲҪȥδ̫ˡ
㡭ſң
أҲɫ·ôָָ㣬һʱҲеѣʥŮܱ
ڲˡ
˿̣ǰ¸ȫĿԲ㵽ҲǴһƣڻҲˣ
ȻѾҵòҾͰزҵѹˡΣ
㣡
ŭءޡһʲôƨһåƦ
ſң
Ȱ㣬ǲҪҶҵġӡⲻ
ԭղţϴһӡʱסŮýʹб߰Ҳд⡣
㡭㡭ȫ£ˣһҧϡ
˻
˵һҧۣͦ۵üͷһšɿڣ
²ɿڣҧøˣʹѸȥһסգʩ˸ӡҲˡ
ءأأ
ʵˡ
תͷ麣ɣ±ס죬˵̧ȣ϶ȥһײʹˣָһ㣬ذ˫Ҳסˡ
ء
ȥ죬Ѿɳ麣ˣǰȻһɾˣһµ֮ҴðգֻҴطȳˮȥ˵
䵽һļ˵ɽ¶һ£㼴Դ˹ָЩĵԪ
ءأ
𳳡
أ
ˡ
ֻܲ۷Ƶڶ߷ȥ˹ȥģԼʵҧ˲
ءҡҡͷ
֪ˣαص
ȥգ⿪˷ӡһ˲䣬Ϸӡս⿪һҧƣǰָҧϲɣҿзһ½˻ȥ

ֻһ죬ҧʱ۵ֱתʼ磺عֲңԼ
ءº޺޵ص˫ҲѨãȶˣ
ҡҡͷȥ˫΢ѩ⻬񣬶¼ôſʱһ漴ɫ㿴û
ûᣬָһϵȥֻеһӿ漴һϵȥ
һץסĽףʲôʵǲǣ
㣬㡭
¼̧Լȣ˵֣һʱ߷ѵңôˣå֣
ĽŶȥһԣ˾뿪òҪҶ
º޺޵ĵһۣڲ˵ĵװģضҪ
ƻʱˮȥ֮󣬾ʱزһ˿ɱϢ£Ȼɫ£˫գһϢˣλ£˳֮⡣
һǴ˾ʥλϡ
Ȼ֮ϢԶȥˣǲðˡ
ߡ
ԥԪѾָò࣬վɽȥˡ
㵽Ҫȥģ
ҰȫˣȻ㡣
һߣߡЮʣɲ¡
һΣȷʵ£׽ס£Ϊʥ׷ɱڵΪ˵Щ׷׷ˣΣ
ΨһĹ˼ɣʥǸ˾Ȼ˵޷뿪麣Ǿ뿪麣ٻҪһ²ܻصڴ֮ǰ취شˣ;ʡ
ߡ
˿̣¶ԣţȥˣѾӦ˵㣬˿Ѿ쵽ˣڱضȺ
ڣ˵ڶʱѾܹ麣ɽӰʱһǿϢҲ׷ʥĴ˾
ߡ
һߣһ˿ڽ˹ȥ˾˲Ϣ½סٵϼѨȥķΣû
ûС
¾긦˵ֻǱ˹ڷӡѽ⣬áʱǰѾӰˡ
λϾں棬ȥǻϡ
˾˵ţһǰ׷ȥһ죺˾ȵȣȻδ˵꣬Ѿ˾Ӱ
ղһ·бһֱֲõĸоԸǵĴ˾׷ԲЮסԼĿ˾ȥˣ˾Σգ


1919 ɱ
˾ĸ׷
һɽӿȥǰһ³Ӱǧϣľϣв֣жʮˣڡ

˿̣ȥͬʱ׷ŵǸض˿ȥ
ˣøߵΪǧϵһʱ˲һ̣ӶԷϵϢܳˣǰ˻Ĺ壬ʥλ˾
ߡ
ʹԴ˿̲֣˾ȻȻ׷ǾԷ档
Ҫޣλһ𣬽¡
һɲǣɱ¶Ҳڲأһ˲䣬㳯˾ȥǧϵ̫徳ĸ֣ͬԥΧ֮ƣ˾ȥ
¡¡ף̳˫þ춯أܿ㽫˹
ǡ
Զ˶һƣһϳЩǲˣм䱻ΧǸʥĴ˾
ܿ죬˵ĹѾԽԽ籩꣬˾ΪٸߣǧľˣǷ֮
ʱһȻһ³˾ͷȥȴӡ
ӡѰ֮ͬСɣ˾Ҫâһ˲䣬ǧľȴ·
һӡѹ˾ȫƾһֵסˣΣǰ˻Ĺķɻ˵ùȥ
Զ˶ˣ˾ͽӡ䵽԰˻ĹķԸ˻Ĺˣ
˾һ۲סվС˶Էʱк֮է죬Χӿȥƺһżǧľˣһ˲䣬ܵǿ
᣿۳֮ʱħָҲһ˲ɣһָȥ
ɽâʱҫ۶Ŀ𵴻ԶսЩߣһɲǶܵˣɿµ
⡭
˾Ҳɫһָ֮ʱ˲һףһףֵܵסħָ
飡
һָɽ֮ƣ֮ϣʱӿǧˣ˾һָʱһѪӿһ󵹷˳ȥǷɱħָش˿ʥıҲضԪ
˾
µڸϵˣһĻҲñǿ޲¶֮ɫһָ˾ش
ܿ죬ѷ˾סħָһָشڴ˾˹һۣҲ÷顣
ȥ˫ĿԲǰˣٴγϣԷղʹĽɫָΣһǳμʱֱʥӡڶֻɱ峤ʱղһָܹش˾ķǿࡣ
ʱԶսˣҲס˺а룬Ȼ˵á
߰ɡ
˿̴˾ѾħָˣҲûκιǣڿ԰Ĵű߻زˡ
ʱºȻסͣ΢΢תͷʥŮô
¿ǰӣһʱ䣬ޱȸӣΪ֮ͬУѾ֣ǰӡ
Щģգֻ⣬ټ
ԣ߾һ˵ټѵʥѾȥķ˼̤뷽ܹ֮ȥ⣬ôõĽʥ彫ٶһλ֮ǿߡ
ð
ֻƽƽֺͲһ˵Ӱʧ˲ãĺɫ¡
㡭
ʱϫһλϵͬ£Ҳߣ˵Ĵ˾ŵһס죬˳ŽĿǰɽ￴ȥ
¿һʧķ򣬲´ټһڡ

һºһ˻ص˲ڴ֮ǰǧϵѽӶߵŵˣڲһֻһӡˣӡϱߵ
һΣܹ˳һزޣ໹Ϊϲ뿪֮ǰ˵⼸طټҲȼ֮ʮǰͰ˵⼸طѰҲޣ˸벻Ҳ֪ģȶ֮ʱѱҵ
һУΪһزޣҲܴ󣬵ȥôˣȥǼطѰҲޣЩ棬ʣ¶ˣܶˣҲزˡ
¡¡
꽻ӣưãڴߣ˿ϣȴûκηӦֻմˮĲߣĬ
꣬ϲ߽ף׳ΪһĲʼնûΪĸף͵ʱδԼ
ʱϸϸĽŲ𣬽һ˫֣Ӻرס
δ룿
ʱģǻδ롣δ῿ϣ۾Σһѡ
뿪˰꣬ÿÿ꣬ҶˣڴߣÿһΣΡδ뿿ϣ˵š
һתȥպÿԼ
Ҫʲôʱ˵һжˣȥ̽ģ裬ȥ仨䣬İĺ쳾һԿɾ¡
δ롭
ꡣ
˵ʲôʱ򣬻δָĴߣȻ῿ؿڣ۾
˲֪ã꽥СˣſڵھͲӡˣܣܿҪ⿪ˡʱ䣬ҲȥػǴѶ
δȻţ۵ȥ˰꣬ʧǧı߶麣һˣգػǻûϢء
˼ػ鷳δȸһ֧ǿǰ˻Ĺġ塣۾̧ͷһĿ

ҹ
ޣѾһӡԲһء
䳤ϵЩ£ԱϾĬһΣǶСԶԶС˶Էı¡
ǡ˼Ƭ̣˵һΣΡ
䳤ϣ
¡
ʱһһ˽ӳ䳤ϵϣȥм֮£ǳɱĿ
϶еһϣǵһģһ񡭡ұ˵ѵһΣҪԳˡ
䳤ȻһߵĻСǵԳ嵹鷳ҵĵǡȸ
ͣһּ˵Ů̫ء´˲²͸ǰҾͻɣֻǡĳ˵ķ
¡¡
ʱͻȻֹһλϣѾȫɫ
˵ۣ±д䡭



1920 
֮ϱڴϢػϺ³ϵˣҵӡɵ֮ʱȴ⵽ڶս֮УػϺ³ϾˣмλӡҲٴʧ
ϣλɫأ֮ǰʵһΣ²ô˳̾򣬾ȸǶʱű߽ɣοǲأ
Ҳüͷϵ鲻ô˳һΣ鵹ҲûϴôػϵûҲûõӡ
㿴Σ
·ˣʱȥλϣκλ²ܹһ˴麣޾֮Ԩһرߣ˭ܹ
ʱҲüڵĵĵ壬ǡ䡣
䲻ޣӡһһΣ˱ضԳ֣⽫Ǹܴ鷳ĸ֣ɱȲࡣ
·̶ǰ򡣡
գ˾·Ҫ·ȻףǷֹء
²˳٣

һ˱·ȥȸĵؽ磬ǰ˻Ĺڣû麣ôңԶһΣֻûʮ㵽ˡ
δѾܵһɵصϢǿƬϣﱧ˸¯£ˮʪ͸ˣ֮ˣҲֵסԭʼط
Ӧÿ쵽ˡ
ԱߣѾȵðϵ·ȥһЩԽǰԽѵѾȫɺԹѣһˮľҲѿԶЩɽǲԴεɽһ緢ҽĻɽǰѾܹŵһɴ̱ǵʯζ
ҲЩڸ⻹ûѾˣж£麣ȻΣգġ
š˿Ѿȵò˵ֻ˵ͷ
ǰ漸ڵĻɽ˵˵ȵĵطΪǵѪڳˣÿһˣӵſػ츳ǣҲ»棬ܹɻ棬츳ǿߣлһĻûܻûκ˵òҲױ
ΪλƵƵȸ
̻»ûЩ֪壬ڹȥļΪλȸͻ
ʱǧϿڵȸһŹҪɼĻ𣬶˵ףЩطҲȫģȴռΪУ˫Ȼⲻ˳ͻ
ԭˡ
ˣ˵֮࣬ѾܹǰĴƬҽˣǰ֮Ҳ˸еЩ𺳣ҽӵص麣ľһǧɸߣȻֻ׹䣬γһƬޱ޾Ļ
ǰϢѾЩǺˣӵصģȵҽһŨҵĻϢ֮ʣǹ΢ĩ֮˵ˣĻ̼䣬ȫʯʹȥ
ʹˣ̫徳ΪͬС֮ǰ˶ѾһöɶľƵġŵɱ֤˴ˡ
߰ɡ
һȥΪ˶СסϢʹ¶ڶԷʶ֮£ҪĲҵӡҵػϵˣȷǵİȫ
ڴ֮ǰػϵѾˣֱذΧ޷Լһץ»ϴŸ⡣
ػϵ⵽ģΧӿֲͬ麣һΣգʹ壬Ҳֻ̾ΧĲʺ档
֮Ѿ˳ΧĽ磬࣬ҽһƬ𺣣ͬһ㣬ʵ󣬻һµĵط
šӦػˡ
㣬ʱ浽ˣػϵˣȻǲָˡ
ߣߡ
Լʱһҵػϣ޹λϣԼһЩĵӣ˶˲̶ͬȵˡ

ʱˣػϼϲǲΰ룬ϲˣǵǺòҵӡûˣ³ϵҲδ
գ׷£
ѯʵ·ػϼһǳ㽫յ龭˵ˣΪȻͣó˶սϺƾʣ϶Էֶ࣬ӡʧˣǻ˲ˡ
š
֮˵ͷӡػϵˣ뾡콫ͳȥ³ϵˣҲ뾡ҵ
ǧϣľϣǻػǳȥ
˿̣ѾӡȻҪҲûػϵ˵ҪѾˣܼ򣬴˴ϢʴƳز˵ױҵ
ϣȥѰ³Ϻˣҵ֮̽ǰȫͳȥӡȥһ
ȻһȻ˲ˣǶѰӡģǧϵ˵øػǳȥȻֻһȥӡˡ
㶨ҪСģΣգ㷢źţҵ
˿˿ɫҲʮأ˵ϴδ麣ֻ赭дһܹ뵽澭Σա
ϡ
ʱػһö㣬˵ӡŴӦܸӦӡֻǡ
˴Իһŵջսҽп˳ҽ䵽ĳ¡
ػϣصġ
˵ȥӹ㣬˿˿ҲСһЩкܶˡ˵꣬㲻ٳɣȥˡ
˿ʧŨӰʱҲֻϣһܹ˳һЩޣͲһˡ


1921 
ڶգ˵ػ죬ҽȻû麣µĳϫǰȫģطҲһЩƣһЩ֮һȥ㲻֮˺ѣҲ˲䱻Ļճɻҡ
ܿ죬Ѿ˳ҵӡĴλãӦ׹䵽˵صȥҽӡ׹䵽£ϴ׺ᡰ֮ۡҲȳ棬ɱȵ׺ࡣ
ȻҲֻȥܽӡֻĻʮֲֿˣҲδظұ֤µȥֻܾһԣӦֵֵܵĻ𣬶ʦԾɳȵ׺ʱǿӦܹܵס
ǵȥʱȻһ
˭
ΪδˣתһһȹϻһɴʱѸٷ˹˲ǻδ룬ºڰٲݹѵǳѾˡ
³ϣ㲻޹𣿡αװʵ
ºߵҸջ˵ˮûһڣֽŸˣҡ
Ȼž裬Ͼ˵֮ˣҲóû֮Կ
ɵҵȻǴӰٲݹȻˣȥ𣿡
ºһֵؿ߽Щֵûѽ㲻ǼٵĲɣ
šûˡûˣҲֻºô˵ˡ
ʲô
֮ǰ˵óû֮ڰٲݹȣ˿
룡ðôΣս㣬Ȼңأ˼Һѹ
ˣ³ϣ֣Ҹղŷӡ棬Դ㣬ȥѰҡһ˵ţһµĹҽȥ
ºյóҽһۣŵһˣ㣬ɵȫǵĻ㲻ճɸͷ
ᡣ
ҡҡͷ棬ۣʦӰĸ׵ֻ񡭡෨µģܲܣǧٻɣ
ˣղʱп𣿡
аǧǣ˵ˣҾ͸
š
˵ͷȥ˵Ҫȥˣ³ϣ棬Сĸܲˡ
㡭СһЩʵڲоİ취
ºЩģϾĵĻɲģͷ׼ȥʱ򣬶Էżסȵȣ
ôˣ
عͷֻºŵǼɴȻϣ˵Ǳ£ֵһЩϢ
šл³ϡ
ϱºֻеһĸоǰȸоһɨգ²ԥһԾҽȥȥ˲䣬±ʱһɺɫŨ̳ºһס۾ճһ߹ͷ
һֱȵڶʱȻºѾʼЩżʱ±ߵҽȻһɲǣҲڸܵϢˡ
ι𣿡
±ֻҽȴˣºʮֽţڻ֮ʱڿһӰ
š
䵽ϣϲδĻˣѾջˣºЩŵģһû·ӣһס۾ӷӡ
Ȼһŷӣȴ˳ϴһ£Ȼżһֽ˻ȥ
ȡӡѾõˡ
һһ˵ţһֽ֮ǰı˳ºЩ֣ôûдϣ
±¶̫ߣջˡ
ɵѽ
º㶵ؿ·ջջ£Ȼ˵ҲԶȥຮ֮أ˼ʱҵıߣֻ˼ʱ䣬һһ֯ģ˼ʱȥɽ꺮Լ
˺֪ˡ
һ죬˵ȥ춼Ҫˣļϣ˵ӡѾõߡ
ߣ㿴Ҷá
º˼üۣ뿪֮ʱһ˲䣬ȴһ˿صüɱȻڻ֮С

һ˲䣬۹½˳ͬʱº󡣡ʲôˣºҲһһɫıӡ
Ǻǣǲ취Ҳ޷ȥĵȻȥӡ
ʱΧȻʮӰЩˣȻǴ⸽ĻϢûǲڻУΪһ壬Դ˵ŨŨϢŨΪڣ޹һʼûз
ˡ
º΢΢һ֪á֮ͫ̽һ¸ˣֻû뵽˿ڻص֮
ô˼ʮôʹ֮£Ȼһ׹뺮ĸо

Ϊһ˳ֻȫƣüһӡǣΪ徳ӣ徳ˣ͸̫徳ǿߣȻЩ˵ȥ
˵ԸҵҪգҵ󡣡
Ȼ׼ǺӻʱΧȻ죬а˵˱񽣣ࡢȡơ̡ࡢϡףɫ죬˲۳һ󷨡
󡭡ˡ
ºɫһ䣬ȥһǼǺ𣬷ǳССһƣܽ˷Ϊҽ
ǺǡôѾʼô¡
ǰЦӡҿԿǣúÿһЩ򣬺ǺǡԪŮһһŪ


1922 
ڵСѣô𣿱ҪҼ󡭡
һ䡱һ󷨾һΧʱҽǰ˱񽣣ʱųһƬ
ģ
ºܿգ˴ʱ棬½ȥã˷ҲѱۿİѽᱻգɲѰ棬̫徳ǿߣҲ޷⡣

ǺӼǱΣЦΪжҲˣǼ治
ô죿
ºһЩѰ֮޷俹⣬ǰ˱񽣣ֹȻ˱񽣣
š
ü΢һң˵ɱΪҵģͨÿһΣôˣ˿ȻɱͬҪ󣬾ôס
ǺЦ˻񽣣ÿһʱСһɷΧʮʱ˱УΪҽ궼ӳȥ
һʱ˱񽣹ȻСһɷΧɳ֮Уʱǿ࣬ʹºű£ܹܵ
һʱ䣬ºΧİ˱񽣣ѾСɷΧƻΪһ棬˱ɫϣ²ʱܽ˻Ϊҽ
ô졭
ºѾˮʪ͸·żϺ£ʹб£Ҳ޷ȫĳȣϾⲻǷôȥ˻ûбΪҽѾɸʬˡ
ǺӼ˾֧һһҹЦһ˱ֿʼˣɳ֮УѾ͸ֱڡº˱Ѹپ£ʱɫһ䣺ˡ
Ǻǡ
ӼȻ֮Ҳһ£Цǲͷˣ򶨲ңϧɣҲס𡭡
˱񽣵ѾɹºѾ޴ɶ㣬һۣƴˣ
Ȼһ˲䣬ȴסˣ£Ҫ嶯ɡȻֻʥһӵīǿĵ
а취ˣºϣĿ
ûС
ءǾҪһˡ
š
ǰиԸԴӦ𣿡
˵
Ҫ㳤ʲô
С
ء

˶ˣôϻ
ǺӼ˸ûкµӣԼ޶ãЩŭǶˣôϻ𣿡
׼ȷ˵ˡ
һ˲䣬ͻȻ۾һɲǣԺ棬Ѹ˰˸֣ǬΪ
һɲǣΧ׷һ˲䣬ǼʮҲ벻һĻˣǰ˱𣬾Ȼ˽ȥ
ʲô
Ǻû뵽˫ĿԲǼ˹һ˵֮Ѫ죬棬ɻ棬Ҳֻڷԡ
Ī˵ɣǲҲСģһԷٵ³ǰˣȻ
ʱºҲһȷھ
ӡߣ
ʱм˷Ӧ˹ƾЩˣٶʮҲǲĶ֣һöԷߵĻᶼûˡ
ߣ
һɲǣѽ˱񽣵ɸɾһ̣˫ͫԼԼӰӸ֡
ʧȥ𣬲ƣһ˱У£ʱֻһƬҽʮ˱ճ˻ңˣҲܵס
ʣµˣͬǺڣŵĵѣæȥȻмӵù
㡭ȵȣû°ɣ
ºɫţ⵽ʲôһ˲佫ɣŻΪá
û¡
ԶĶӵļ֮ˣҲȥ׷ˣ֮ԸһŶΪǵѾĲСһʱָԪȷһʧ
ߣ뿪˵ء
˲飬õӡ뾡صۺϲޣҹζࡣ
һ֮˾ͿҪ뿪ʱǰȻмǿϢһӵ𣺡ɱˣôһ֮𣿡
ףʹüԶҲܹܵԷΪߣ̫徳ϡ
Ҳ⣬ٶɱ
ǰֵӰĿ䣬һ죬۹ٴγ֣һΣԶһɱ
˺ܶ࣬ġºźǰߺȻֵĴƬӰԽԽ죬Ҳŷ
š
ûжԣǰһƬӰºﵽǵĻ޷ֻ꣬ɱһѪ·ˡ



1923 
ǾɱһѪ·
ºĳޣǰԽԽ࣬糱ˮӿ֣һ̣һͬȥ
סߣһ
ɱ
˫սһ棬ȻΪ֮˶֮࣬ǰǼʮ֮˿ɱȣͬʱмλΪߵĳϡ
ɱ
һʱɱ죬Ե۹½·ɱ񣬷ɱƷ֮䣬˻֮Ǭ
ֱڶ죬˴ɱ˳ȥɶԷ֮࣬ʵǳǵ󣬼ϴ˴裬˾ļ

ͻȻ֮䣬ֻеﴦһʹһ֮ӿǳв֮
ôˣ
º̷ɵؿڣһ֮ǰ麣ˣ
š
ֻ˵ͷûʱȥô࣬麣ˣʱ˹Ȼɡ
ߣ
£ºһȥ;ֻͫһ±糺죬âЩ˿۾ʱߵԭء
ֱ֮ʱºһϣиҶ·ǳȵĻ棬Ѿȥֻˣϣ˲ôҵ
˹ˡ
ºҶȥҡҡͷ˵沼󷨣赲ǵ׷ֻԼ˹ָмǡ˹֮ʱ˽š
һǼΪ˵ʱɫɷף亹꣬вڵֻºҲһ
á
ºҲ֪С²ţȥҶ棬ڸ²磬Է˹͵Ϯ
ȥʱҶ棬͸ϴѾȻҪһһ޶Ĳ֮ġ
ķɣһӰΣ㻻һٸ壬Ҳ޼£ֻ¶һ޶Ĳ֮ģԿǲ
˿棬ºҲԼɻϣһѵȥ麣˵֮ء
ҵˣ
ʱԶڻˣȥԼʮˣЩΪߣºı£ܶԸˡ
ˡϣ
ֲҶ˺ЩºĿһ䣬һɲǣֱͫ糺ɫ糺֮ͫȻ֮Ի˵־ʹԼͬ֡
ɱɱɱɱ
ʲô
ܿ죬⼸ʮº糺֮ͫ£Ѿʼ־壬ߵңߵͬ鷢˹
ʱԶȻ߷Ӧλϣ˿ʱΣ㹦һȣŽʮ˻ѹ
ġҪ۾
ʹΪ峤ϣʱºȻ֮ͬʮֽСģһһҹºߣʹ糺֮ͫλϡ
ºס
ʱҶ棬ɫɷףƣļҴ򶷣ʱţжϣ뽫ѹȥȻĻΣ
һĴԽԽңѶҲɱӣƾºһˣЩֵס
Ⱥ֮Ӱ
ͻȻͫâһΧʱ߰˵ӰȫȻ˷ֱ治١
ģ
峤ʼնʮСĽʱԷ߶߰˵ӰӲҴ⣬һ񣬱˶Է
ŴʱӰ֮º˽һʱ䣬ɶԷѾԽԽ࣬ȥҶǰĽ磬رͻơ
콵
ʱһ𣬽𣬲׹һ¾Ӱȫȥˡ
ߡ
ʱԶȥΪ͵߷˹ºӰʶعͷҶǱһֻۣϣ˴Ľ磬ܹƬ̡
ʦܣȥԸȥƿ硣
ܿ죬峤߷һ˽ºסһˣȥҶµĽ硣
¡¡첻ϴͬʱҲ·ҽ
º亹ʱֻ¡һ峤һ磬ʣ㡣
ˣ
º˫ĿԲʱ첻Ӧеصز飬ǧǲ֪ģ绹ʣ㣬㶼֧Ųסˡ
¡
һ죬ڶҲȥˣºҪȥֹбȻǼǰγһǽȥ·
䣡
һ죬Ҷһ磬Ҳڱ峤ȥˡ
Сģº˫ĿԲʱ޷ȥֻ洫ȥһ
峤ƿҶ֮һ˲ȥҪôʱһֲȻȴû뵽ɽҶһɲǣ·˲׹˺
ԭ˴λҽ֮ϣڣʱܵģһޱ޾ĺϢǺڰ֮УŵǵӰȫƣǡ

һ˲䣬۾µ񣬷·峤ȻһҪȥȻһɲǣȴǱĳεסˣȻ޷ӿ
Ȼ󣬼ۿɼٶȣȫƤѸٸɱȥϢȻˣ

֮ǰ峤Ϸֲľ֮ȻĴ̫ңû˻ҶѸٶ
Ҫߣ
峤Ͼ״֮ǰܷһˣЩֻ֣мλΪĳϣһ˲Ҷɫһ䣺
ϧѾˣһֳ嵽ҶʱһϢ˲˳


ֻһƬҽЩһ˲䱻ס˺һʧȥϢɱʬ壬Ĺҽ׹ȥʱðɫŨ̡


1924 ֮
ºҲͻһ¾סˣ֪ҶʲôȴѸһɲõԤС
ˡԶҶ
ڳλ峤ϾȻ֮ɫǲ֪ղô£ɼλΪĳϣȴһ˲оˣһɡŨŨ֮
ڴ˿̣ѾҶˣֻǴ˿ģʵ𾪺£ֻȫƣϻǸ峤ϸɱʬ塣
ʦ֣
⼸λĿѣǼʱֲģһµûһ˸ȥ

ͻȻ峤ϵʬ嶪ȥȻסͷӿȥƺǳʹࡣ

ԶºͬɫȻʱЩ£⸱ģȻһг˹
Ҫң
һ죬ºҲԭأټʲô麣ʲôˣʲô
ڡɱ
Զ峤ϼʱʹӣһ˲乥ȻǼ˿֮ʱһȻϱ˳

һɲǣͻȻħһ㣬һ˲۹£ὣһն峤ܣֱӱնϣ̼ͻ˵۹½ꡣ

Ȼδֹͣյ۹£·ͻȻʧȥˣÿһն£֮ɥ
һĻ֮ŵĵѣﻹǰ׷Զӡ

һƬɱ
̼䣬˴˹룬㻹ʣһЩҲŵöɥǣȥ

ͻȻ֮䣬־ʹޱȣʱԶһӰһһ֮ƲɵɽҲصΪֹ

º˫Բһ̣룬һ˲ʹȫһӡȻƾΪܵסһλ̫徳صߣοһƣ
飡
һ죬ԷһƣֱӡȻһشϡ
ۡ
ºһѪˣƷвеƮȥһƣϡ
º
һ˲˹һ죬סʱºѪѾһҲ˵ˡ
㡪ȥ
Ȼعͷָһ۹½϶ʱѪһ͵Ϯ֮˷ȥ͡һѪĽ˹ضһµߡ
ϣ
ԭߣϣֲһشºʱĸ֣Աǰһ˸Ҫöࡣ
ȫҡ
һɲǣҲʲôˣ޹˼ɵͷ˳ȥ֮һ˲䣬ҽжѾûϢ
ǡ
һ˲䣬Ǻ´˫ԲûüߣѾһֻ֣֮նס˺
Ҳҡ
֮£·Եһ̣³ǿʲôµһȻģٶϢȫޣ֮ˣҲȫ˲֮¡
һĻԶûļ֮ȫһʱ䣬۾֣ţʱع˴˶һۣҲκԥķȥ
ºº
֮ȫɱָѣһֻȻץºº̫أѾ˿ԼҲĺˡ

ͻȻ䣬оһʹץº֣ҲɿˣۼԷҪ׹ȥһ˲䣬ֽԷץסˣǹҽ׹ȥɡ

˿̣һֻץºһֻ֣ͷɴʹ࣬ûмܳܵˡ
ˡˡˡ
ʱҲȻȻʬħ֮һ£ǸеתɣʬħѵգҪ
³ϡ
ºһۣԷϢԽԽһ̣ʹȫȥסһὫȥ
һֱҹڴº嵽Χʱ⣬Ƭӳͨһ
³ϣ³ϣ
ʱºѾûϢˣϵʱʧˣղʬħ֮ʬħΪҪǾ;Լ¯ȥӦʬħʱѹȥˡ
º˵𣿡º˵ϣ΢΢һ̽ʱԷѾʮ΢ڼ񻯡
ȡҺȡڣ˹ֻʶƺЩģ
޹ðˡ
˿ֻ̣н⿪ѣ鿴ؿһƵƣȻãһҲסˣһĻϤ͵ī峤ϣһģһֻī𻻳
ȡȡ
ºʶѾԽԽģʼȥϵ˳ѩ׵ļ䣬һץס֣³ϣҪҶ̴ȥǧǣһа취ġ
ȡ
ºԭΪƹضɷ׵ӣһͻȻǺΣȻīһѾʼˣһģīһҲ޾ȡ
³ϡס
ѸٽѴãֽһ·ɣٶʩչ˼ޡ
ǲǡҪˡ
Ҫ˵ɵвô
һ·һ㣬ٿһ㣡ȥҵǧǡһ̣Ժֳָ˵峤ǰӣȲˣвҲǾȲ峤ϡ
֮ǰһм飬м֪
˵˵
㵽ףǲǲ
º΢΢ۣȻֻܿ°ͣ촽ӱϣ㱻ڵסˡ
һ̣ͻȻͣͷĬ
ºҲ˿㲻ǲԲԡѾˡԲԡߣϵġ


1925 ˾ͽɱ
㲻ǲԲԡ
ºʱû˵һ½ţȥ³ϣסǾͿ쵽ˣ

ǲסǣ
ͻȻ䣬ǰ죬˴ƬӰȫˡɱˣվһ֮

һ˲䣬ɱ۹½һ˲ߣͬʱʥһӵ꣬ҲˣѾΧܹٻˡ
ǡǣ
Сģ
ʮ֮ߣɱ⣡
˫۲Ѫ˿һ£ʥһӵ̷ɵǰ߿·ͬһ·ɱͻΧڶ֮ʱڳ򣬶ʥһӵ꣬ϺʱֵˣԷֹ׷ɱ

ʱԶʮӰˣǧϣзǳϣƸպãжһ˵߳ˣҲˡ
ϣǧϣ죡³ϡˣ
ºһ·˹ȥǳϼΣһô£ô˵أǰ˲ŴӰٲݹȻһ·ϻ˵Цôת۾ˡ
ϵ𣡡
Ѹٽº˵ϣһĸ֣λϾɫһ䣬ʱԥº˹Խ⣬ʮҲŻˣܿ侲һԻ

ʱҲһѪӿһҲˣ
û£˵òءлָɡһ˵ţһ߽۹·ԣ漴ϥ˹ǧϵ
ǣ
Ǳ̷ֳ˸ĵӣվһ󷨣ⰵ͵Ϯ
һֱʱǿָһЩºǱߣȴԽԽλϼ˴빦Ҳֻǿӻĵٶȣ޷⡣
ϡϣ޹첻ˡ
ԱߵĵҲˣֻǻɫ·Ѿʼӵºľϡ
ⲻܡ
λľȻΪԲͣǧϣһǼ񣬿ɾȻ̫Ű˻ľġࡱ񹦣޷ºڵֻѰ壬ⲻܣԷʹģʲôƷ
С
ɷףѾ磬˵̫ʱҵ˵ǵðز̫Σˣ
Уǧն˵Ѿģܶһɡ

ºʶʱѣʱģǰΰ֮䣬ǿܹϢ΢صҪˡӡȥ
գ˭Ҫˡ
ʱԶȻһ˽һԷѾǾȻûܲղŶԷͻȻ֣ǡ
ʲôˣ
ʮӣ̳ķ䱸
ô죬ǵ˵Ļˣ˵֮ڣòҪ뿪ؽ磬ô
ԶһӰڳ֣˽һ˾ͽ
ֻϴһɫһϡɼµò뷢ףȴԵòϣֻһԨĺ䡣
ϣ˾ͽ⼸ǧΨһһϣȴΪϵˣĴϣڰ˻Ĺ壬Ҳһݡ
˸ң򣬿ˣû˵ѡ
˾ͽԽԽˣϵɱҲԽԽԣǿϢ£ʮӶ̲סһص̫徳֣һܽǴɻҡ
˿̣ϥڵϣȻָһЩһ۹˵˾ͽ֮ĶԹǣ˰ɡ
˵Щ㲻е𡭡˵ʱ˾ͽˣѾʮ֮ң
߲ƣʮӣ֪УȴҲǰ˾ͽǰ档
ߡ
˾ͽһߣһɨһɾ³ֱӽһĵӾǰǲĵӵʱŵûɢδü˵һ䣬ֻ˾ͽһɨ£顱һͷʱѪ
ʦܣ
ʮĿѣۿһĻĵӾǰɱϢһִ֮һʹ
㲻ܶǲǣãҾ㿴ţߵһɱȴЩ˿ʼˡ
˾ͽĿ񣬱ֱӹȥЧ䣬ֻһɨ顱һѪĽʱ
˾ͽ
һ̣Ҳɴ۾ŵӲǰȴܶҲ˵˵ھѾĹһĻº𡭡˾ͽڴˣ
˾ͽڶ½̧ʱһ˲䣬ھյ۹£һâһնȥ
飡
һ죬۹½˾ͽķһײʱһɿ磬سķӿɢ˳ȥ
˾ͽ˵Ҳ򵥣Ժ͵۹½Ტۣ˾ͽʤΪһ㣬ȴĿǰ
ĿţһɲǣϾɱӿֻ˾ͽɣܿ죬ҲᣬȪ·ϣӦǲµ
ƾô
˾ͽɺ䳹ǣһһ䣬ɱһ޵֮ˣϻصɱ֮
ƾҡ
һɣ;Ԫ˻֮Ե۹Ϊأ͵ؼ˳ȥ䣡͵ʹ˷ֿһ˲䣬˾ͽһɨ꣬Ŵ

Ե۹½˾ͽĹƣȴֻеһ飬Է֮ʵСϴδ뿪ʱ˾ͽĶ֣½ɴһɽ̫أʵӲ


1926 ת
ٿ˾ͽĿһշ磬Ҫĵ۹½
Ҳǳǧ˿ƣÿһ˾ͽƥһ£ȥ
ǲǣ
˾ͽ֪ܴ󶯹ʱԥһۣȻɱ
Դ˼ɱΪӪʱ״̬ʩչŽĴʽο˳ʽδشжԷ˵˼ԱˣԴ˿̣˾ͽ£ֻԱ｣齣УǿػʱһãĹȴƳ֡
ߡ
˾ͽһߣ˿ƳڣȻһԾ϶£Ʒֱ£͵һ³ͷȥ
һͻȻδѸֱ֮ͷѹܳһ˲סȫ˫֮أҲ͵Χѿˡ
ģ
ۼ˾ͽһɱ˲Ϣ޲ʧɫһ˲䣬͵ؽ⿪Ѩӡһɲǣͫ֣һ˲䣬ѸٿһɫӰէ֣
䣡
һ죬Χʱ쳾˾ͽһУûκƣԼ֮һ²ȥһƣһɫȻ£ǲӰУַֺ
ʱ֮ӰҲɫһ±øӲ԰ףֻвڵֿѡ
˾ͽ˼Ǻ˷Ӳֻ°װĹšһ̣Զڽº˹ˣкƣȻһ£Ǳ߹ȥ
ϣģ
˾ͽһͰԵ߰˸ĵӻλΧɸס͵Ĺƣһ±㱻ҷ˳ȥ
ۼ˾ͽɱ˲ԥһ˲ȥһԵ۹½˾ͽ˻ȥ
ԭΪֶжҲ䡣
ǰߣԼ˾ͽ޳͵Ϯղһ£ʵ˾һ亹ʱºǵͨ죬üͷ壬ʱ֮ʹ಻ѣȻ
ߡԹֻгܿܣ䣿˾ͽȻɱ㣬ǽվһ𣬹Ȫ
£Ȼ˫һ𣬶ʱӿ·˷Ԫһ˲䣬˹
쪣һ̣˶ܹܵ˾ͽɱǵϢֻâ֣ҫ۶ĿӰ·һ˲ŴһԪֱܼ˿
Ȱ
һȣ˾ͽ͵һƳߴ˹ֻһˣڵˣ
һ˲䣬ƾ䣬ʧɫֻУȻӡһɽɫӡǴ֮ƣֱ˶
Сģѵƣ
ǧϷһ棬ѣܸܵЯصİƣ
ѵƣеƷǰ˻Ĺͬ˻˵̫Ű˻ľһ޵ãҲ޵á
ۼһƲɵһɲǣԥȫ˫ƣ˻֮ѧһ˲䣬˳
¡
˼ԣ֮ƣ츲أɽΪ֮һɳ̳𣬶˱Էһ壬ܵǣȥؿڣѵδֱ͸ۣͬʱ𣬵ʱѪ

ǧϵ˾һû뵽Ӳ˾ͽһСѵơ˾ͽΪǷѵƣԴκһ̫֮徳ǿߣ
Ȼ˾ͽҲûϵƴȫΪһѵƣûɱԷҲܵ˷֮ˡ

ʱԶĲӷžѹæʯѸ˹š
¡
һĨѪ˿̾棬ҲմѪ֮жδˡ
ˡˡˡ
࿪ʼԶʯϵ˾ͽɱ⣬һ࣬ձǲһУƴһҲҪɱ˾ͽΪ̫ˣղһƣ໤ֻܳԪضܵش
˾ͽʱжɱһҲ䶨Ϊ̫ߣΣ뽫֮ȥݻɽձΪ󻼣ôһµǿлϣ£һգ
˼һɲǣͬʱΧʱʯɣֻ˾ͽ˫ƶ̫֮ƣһһתѧɲǼ¡
һ̣ΪϢֱ̫徳أȻ˱Ԫȼ֮ϧչΪˣҲҪɱ
ٿһɲǣͬâէ֣ԲʮɵصʯҲɵ˰УΪģ·ǳһ㣬Χת
ǣ
ǧϵ˽һⲻ̫Ű˻ľ˿µ̫Ϣ⾿ʲô
ƣġӯ꾣ţ
һɲǣٽתһɰ̫֮ʱΪӿɢ˳һϢ̫Ϣ
·Ϊ󣬶ڡ


1927 
һ̣ҲﵽĿǰޣǳ˲ƺĴ󶯹֮ؽ޾ɣ˲ôˣձɱ˾ͽ
Ȼ˿̣ȴȻһõԤУ˾ͽΪ֪

ͻȻ䣬˾ͽһȣɣܷ񣬲ԥԥͻȥһ˲䣬ͬʱ֣ԷҵĹƣ
Ȼ˾ͽҲܵɿµ̫ϢѾûѡûκ·ֻܡƴһ

ͬʱޣϸԹâʢһɰӿɢ֮䣬Զ˽ס˺֪һ̣֮䣬ʤ
ħָ
ѵƣ
һɲǣָâҫۣӳأһָ˾ͽüĵȥ˾ͽѵƣأͬâĿ⽻ӵһɲǣɷ䣬֮䣬ʱ֮ڣΪڸǣֻе𺳣ȴѲ֪̳棬Ρ
һ˲䣬ȴһָ˾ͽü֮ϣħָͷ­ش꣬˾ͽһǡѵơҲϣʹ໤Ҳܴͬᣬ˸Դǳ֮е˳
ۣ
ϣʱһѪѹľܵ˴ˣ˻ȥû£ǻָˡ

ԶĵӼ˹ȴ˲ƣ֪ղһ£δɱ˾ͽɱ죡
ڵӷӦȥʱ̳ɢֻ˾ͽʯϵĶ飬ˣɼǣǶͷһɭȻѪëȻ

˿̣˾ͽ·һ㣬ģ£ȻΪٸߣħָǵУԪ񶼱ˡ
죡
һȣʱԥղһ£λΪסºʱҲشѪֹ޷ɱ˾ͽһȶԷƴָǽգûһܻ
ϡϣ
ľ֣ʱҲ˲ôˣ̼ɽƴ˾ͽɱȥ
ƾǡɱϷ򣿡
˾ͽɢͷѪѪ飬ǣŰɫԽ̫ܲأֲ

ֻ˾ͽһ𣬷ԲڵʯͷԱ÷飬߰˸ճȥĲӣδԱɿµѪ˳ȥ
ǽգ
˾ͽˣһɲǣϵ¾£˻Ҫͬھ
˫ĿԲƴһһ¸ٻص۹½Ҫȥɻû߼һΣˤڵأۡһһѪӿ
ʱϵҲش޷Σһ̣ԶȻһֵһӵЦǾʰ̫ˡ
˭˭
ʱֻԶ֮⣬Ӱֳ̳ˣȴ˭һ̣֮ǰǹɲԤУڻˡ
ڣ˳һ˴ߣһˣ¡
䡭˽һһأҲˣ˾ͽΪλ
ԭǡ
˾ͽʱҲˣɳѰҲ˻򣬿Щҵٵģе˵ʥʥ˵ġ
Ǻǡ
Ű˾ͽЦ˾ͽ㻹ǷﰡǶ˳ˣȻƴûɱһ
˵ʲô
˾ͽãԹģʱ䳰ȷƴɱȻûϵһһ֮ԲԶһ¸նסĺ
䣬㡭
˾ͽ֮ٵ˰У䣬һ󣬡֨һ˾ͽĺԪҲһ˲䱻顣
顱һ˾ͽʬڵĳԶĵӶˣ䳤ɱ˾ͽ
䣡ʲô
һɱϣղһ˲䣬Ѿܵ˴棬صɱ
䡭
ԽԽǳҲʱɫ԰˵̫Ű˻ˣ֮£Ͳ¡
ŶͲʲô
䣬һһ䵭ص˾ͽͬھʲô£𡭡
㡭
ۼɱ˫ĿԲˣô졭û˿ɱˣ˾ͽ˳׵׵
ȿȡ䳤ϣһ赶ɱˡʱº˹ղŵĻȫˡ
Ŷ
˹һһɾӿȥһ½λƷ˳ȥߵºǰӸ´Цⲻ޹ôˡ
¡ס֣ǧɫɸղشʱѾ˹ˡ

ҡͷЦûǧϣĿȻֱºϣ߿һЩЦ޹㻹ǲǵã֮ǰ˵ҪҵˣһƮƮɡ
ޣ
ºһĭϣȴŭȻЦݣֻȥϵĭȻһţݺݲºؿϡ

ºģһ¸ʹ಻ѡ
¡ס֣˫ĿԲκδʱشѾ޷˹ˡ
ǺǣŮˣҶ᲻ɱˡֱɱˣ̫˷ˣҪȻҵ¯ɡ
Цһ˵һýžºš

ʱһ˹ȥȴƴȫ۹˳ȥȻ۹δ£ȴһ֮һָ˻ȥһ²ǰ
µǱͻһ¾Ƭֻ̣ܿعҪ̤֮ʱԶһӰ˲ϢһΣҲûܼʱӦ
飡
һؼ죬ʲôҲûֻеؿǱһֻ󴸺ݺݴһ£һ˲䣬ѷɳȥʱѪֹ


1928 Ԩ
һĻ̫ͻȻ˽δ壬ֻӰһʯºѾڣһӰһ֮ء
һ۵ˣϾҲһߣȻԸ֪ݣղٶȣΪ
㡭
ºһϳˣǵǸغˣ뿪ȴģֻܶý˵ϡ
Ǻˡ
ʱסµƣ±ߣĿ˺ϣˣôʥӦѾˡ
˵Ҳܣ㲻ܶ
棬һһˣ˭
ʦ
ؿڣɫ԰ףѪڣղһûпԷҪȡֱ練ơ
һ̧֣䣬û˵ȥһɲǣܵɱǴ˿̣޷޷۹˵̫ˡ
̫ˡ
˿̣һһ˹ȥϵɱԽԽأһʶغӿȥ˿̶Էºֹסƣ˿ûҪֵ˼ղԣֻºһˡ
ԡº΢΢˵ǺӲûȥһۣҲûȥ䡣
ӡ
ۺ䣬ʹǺҪ֣Ҳ޾壬ƾΪӣһĶ֣޷ǡɱһ˶ѡ
Ȼˡ
ûҪӡ˼µԽԽ䣬һɲǣɱ¶ָһ͵һ³ץȥҵҪ㾿˭
¡¡
ʱͻȻֹԭգȻӿƣ·Ҫһ˿¾Ҳһ
ô¡
ס֣ں棬һҲǰǰѹֹϷĽХ֮
ǡ
ºԱǺȻҲܵˣԨϢ겻յϢ
գˣΪգգԴ˿̣ϲźܲ˺ҹֻһյ磬ҫɹâʲôҪˣ

۹½ԽԽʱ羹ǹƣգԲգ
˿Щ峤ϣͻȻҹҲסˣϺƱգô£һ̣Ǿܵһģĸо
۹¡
һɲǣܵˣǹȥҹӽиܵıֻһܹܵ¼ţûָоĹ¶ֱһɲյԨ£˳
װŪ
Ȼһ䣬͵һ£ȥȻһ˲䣬¡һһȻʲô赲ˡ
ڳ֮ˣǺƲɫ˽ĿɿڴһӰΰĻ꣡
һͷѪĳȾ˵Ѫһ裬˫֮ϣһڴ˫ۣҲĹ¼š
ֻд˿ָܹܵоÿһӵ۹ܵı¼šǵ۹µĽꡣ
¡¡
һ̣ϸǵֹƷӿգǵ۹֮꣬ա
ƣ۹֮굲סˣ˿̾Ȼ˿ãǰĽ꣬Ȼ˿ʱµɫܹʱ￴һǾ״ġ
ͻȻһɻӿֻ֨һ죬ұ۵Ĺ飬ȻһѪ³һ󵹷˳ȥһߣһԪӤǿһûκη֮߸ͬһ硣
ʦ
Ҳˣȥסɻʦһ̣Ժ棬ֻĸ֣֮
һ죬۹½ڴӵϷһ˵۹֮
۹¡
֣жֺֻὣֻӽĦ֮һǳĹ¼š
һն۹֮Ʋɵ㾡ȫش¸Ǳһնֱۣ䵲ţǵ

·һ˺ѷεʹֱֻۣ֮ǱԲһ£㱬һƬѪ
ߣ
شһɲǣҲ룬һھѪǰһѪĻһ˲䣬ʧȥ˫۵£ʧѪĻ
¡¡
ǵ˶ˣͬʱҲ²ѣ⵽ʲô
㡭˭
ǰ꣬£ֻһ֣˵ĸоҹ۹ĸо
תͷһ̣ϵˣֻУĸ֣Ԩ
ͳ£һ۹½ǰ꣬ѾʧˣʱһͻȻϵҲֹͣˣɢȥա
Իعʱ·һղһĻ˵ȥţ
Ҳ㶵ģղǽͷųޱǿϢʵҲ仹˭ǿϢҪ˵һĻôҲֻв棬޵Ԩ֮µġغڵˡ
ָһЩʱ۹½ĦŽջ䣬ºǱȥˡ
㵽ס˭
ȻղһĻºҲȫˣߵߣһǺײˣȻȥ³ϣҲȥġ

ºѾԽԽʹǺӣҲûа취ͺ͵ī峤һ졣
Ǵ˿̣һƣΪܣǶòҲҪȻ
УƣÿһЩͷ²ҪҶ
ʱԶȻһŮӵȻӰֻˡ
˭
ȥȻӰʶҲ޷̽쵽Էڣʱٴ𣺡ϹʱڣȸһȻ֪꣬ȴ˱Դ֮Ӳ˵ǵġ
ԽԽˣΣšȸ֣һ»عȸ


1929 ޵
ڣԶǵӰˣһѣϴŻȸߣȸ
˵ǲˣȸͲҪãοղȸ˼Īа취³ϣ
뵽˴һ˹ļǵصȸа취޹
ȸ˹¡
ԽºСȥȸ˹óһöɫĵҩȥ´˵ʱơ
ӹĵҩδ̷£ҲŵؿţȸϲܻẦ
ôǶҩô
ȸйǣһۣ˵
ûٶԣ㽫ҩ̷ȥһʱڻղŵƣȻһһסˣֻʱƣȬҩһǻص˿ӡ
ȸºǰԼַº϶ദѨºһ½üҲһЩʹࡣ
סá
ȸδͣ£˫ԽԽ죬ֶΣʱסȫ֮󣬿ȥȷʵࡣ
ֻʱסҪֻıԴ֮𣬲ܽڲ⡣
ȸ˵ţֻһˣֵֻ䣬֮ҵķӡʧȥЧãʱ޾ȡ
ղ˵ıԴ֮Ҳ˵Ҫȥ壬ȡⱾԴ֮𡣡

ȸתͷ
ãͬȥ
ҲףղԼһҩ⡣

ʱ˴̶ѨɲģôҲǰ˻Ĺ֮һղŵĽֲ꣬Ǵδζܳ
޷ڴˣտ³ϣ֮ڣȸضűԴ֮
ĿǰڵղŷȸĵҩѾʼָȥжʱ䣬Ӧָܻˡ
Ǿ߰ɡ
ȸ˵ţһǰȥ˼ӰԶȥûаյ飬Σг
£Ҳȥ˵һʱӿȸһۣɻܵס
޷
ǰһ籡ĻɽܴֵطǲΧ
Ǳ飬ţЩ
ȸȡһžӨ͸ӣݸᣬס֮󣬹Ȼеȫһˬ˵лȸ
Ǻǣ߰ɡȸЦٻ⣬ӰҲʮ벻˭

Ƭ򣬵ƻͦкü壬һ˲ҵȸǳĦǶǲյһ
ҹ֮ʱ죬ȫƣȸˣѾɱˡ
ˣ峤ˣ
ʱһ˵ӣȥǵ֮ϣһѵӣ˫ﵹӳ棬йɼǿϢ峤ġ
ôˣ˵ɫ֪࣬ҹղѾĶˡ
棬졭ȸͲԲԲԣѾȫ󷨡ŵɫ˵´ʲˡ
ʲôİһ͸ŭ𣺡
˵꣬ǵ·ͻȻһҽУȻ˹顱һϣǱһѽӺᴩˡ
ô鷳ˣɡ
ʱ洫һ䵭Ůɫһȸһ˲䣬ԥ̷˳ȥ
ֻУȸΧ˲ĸֺͳϣȴһŵöɥǣûһҳȥ˵ģղһ·ɱֱ֮ء
Ǻǣ峤þòȸŵǰģһЦ
ȸ
ʮʬ壬˫ĿѣּԱǲһŭɱϣҹˣ
ɱɱˣҪߣסô䣬һУǴĵ۹½ַɻ滹Ѫ
㡭
ļţҵɱˣŭգʱǳ֣һˣǶ֣ˣȥˣ
ȸһЦô峤ڵĸ֣ǰ֧Ԯ𣿲ǽʱ£ˡ
ȸ
ҧгݣֱָ죬Ȼڴ֮ǰѾȸ޹ĸ֣ȥסˣǳգ屻ô֮ʱˣѾȫˡ
ŮˣƻҪȻ䣬ֻ۾лϢһ˲䣬ࡣ
Ŷ
ȸתͷߵҵģô
Ȼ
Ŀе۹һָģ𣬷ҹҵƽ˴
ȸΪҸδɵСҾͻ㣡
ͻȻȫ˻棬һ˲䣬ȸͬʱʧˣһ˲ٳʱĵǰ
ôܡ
ͫһȴҲûܿǰģٶȡܣ˽Ů˵ΪѵΪ˿вڣ
ͣ
һ죬ѪĽһķһҽУһ˲䣬ֻһѱȸָסʺ
ءȸһЦ˵
ǡܣ
˫ĿԲʱ棬ĳϺ͸Ҳˣôܣһôôױ󷨣ڸһƷ峤
ŶȸһЦ˵˸˵ȸ֣޵Сǲ޵֮һ
㡭
ĲŲ˵׻޵УʱǺݺݵŶˡȸһۣعͷȸ˵ǡǣ㷴𣿡


1930 Դ֮
ǡ
ĿǰˣڲϣҶһ
ʱִһɧֻǰգ֮УͻȻ˼ֲӰӸһŵĵѡ
峤㻹Ҫ𡭡䣬вֻҪһ£ûһܻųȥ
Ǻǡȸб£ãá
޿κΣô˵ܲˣλϣȥ𾳣ȡԴ֮𡣡
峤
漸λ峤һҪԴ֮𽻳ȥһԴ֮𣬺ܿͻϨ
ˡҾã峤ҶˣȥΪãƾǣ»ûţѾΪҽˡ
ȸָĵʺĲòӣ۹½γּϣۣ峤СһЩ
һЮؾ棬˴·һ¯о̳мһΪ̳м̳ȥм̳Ϸһɫ棬ĳɫɫ죬ǱıԴ֮ˡ
𣬲˽ԿɿοǱԴ֮Բע⣬һ˲㱻Ϊҽ
ۿҪߣĿ¶֮ɫˡ
ˡ
ȸǰȥδ̳лܹлκ˿̳Իܵ
ȸתģȥ̳ϵķ󡣡
ȥĺüĿߵģҲûа취Ҫȡ𣬾Լȥ
ղ˵˰ѱԴ֮ȡ
ϻ
俴һۣȡģ𣿡
㻹̹ϡ
۹½ȻĲϣʥһҲڣ±ҲˣʲôֻıԴ֮ҪβȡãʶȻܵõǼ̳ķ󣬿²ô׹ȥġ
һ𣿡
СС󷨶ѣˡ
ȸ˵ţǼ̳ȥ̳ϵĻ飬ʱʱ䣬ַ˻
ļһһЦôһΪж£㣬Ҳߡ
ٷϻҾͰ㶪̳ȥ
ȸ˻˵ʱȥǼ̨ϵĻ棬˼Ƭ̣˵Ҫ֡
Ͼ޵УСС󷨣ȻҲڻ¡ȸӹĻ
˿ǰģֿ˿һԵļ峤ϣһ۹½˻վﲻ˵꣬ȸǼ̳Ϸȥ
Ҫȸһ࣬ϹŻȻ֣Ҳܽܡ
棬Ŀ䣬ʱ⼸Ͽ˿ŲŲȥ֮ʱһ۹½һ´ɳǰż̳ﴫٶһ£ұ֤ڡ
ʱǼ峤ϱ϶һ亹Ŀ˿üҡҡͷ
Լһ̳󷨣ƿˣȸм̳ϣʱܵϢ
ȸıԴа취ȡɣ
Ȼ
ȸż̳мһرԴ𣬴ʱԥ˫΢һӡһзɳȴһֻСС϶
ⶦס𣿡СЩɡ
ɱСⶦ
ȸһ˵ţһ߽˸ӡǶʱŴ࣬һ³̳мȥⶦ֪ǺȻ޾£ʹıԴ֮Ҳû£ʱȸвǱԴ֮𣬹Ȼһһ㣬˶С
Լһ󣬱Դ֮ȫ˶Уȸٻأ洵˿ʱֱƴС
ˣ߰ɣ
ת뿪̳֮ʱؾȻ̳Ҳʼˡ
Ҫ̮ˣߣ
ȸһ֣ȥĺǼ峤һ˴ؾģʧɢȻ
峤ߣ峤ҲӦ˹һؾֻ˶Ҫˡ
վˡҡͷһ̾ȫΪأҲԥˣһȥ
¡¡
˴ؾӳʱؾˣǸʱ죬һɿµΧ˳ȥΧһЩҲݻˡ
ܵÿ졭һ㣬ˡȸǺ濴һۣȴûʶڻš
ôȸҲ»ô
Ȼ¡
ȸعͷʱŷֻ֣һɿˣĿȥһ෸û
ߡһߣҲȥȸĶԹ˽ˣǵĻûС
ɱôˣ㻹Σɫһֱˡ
û¡һᡣ
˵һ䣬һȥʥһӵԣûһ˸ҿ
ʱȸڻص棬˼ǻ̽ΣõıԴ𣿡
š˵ͷ漴ԵȸȥȸȡԴ֮𡣡
ȸҲԥºߣǰ϶ȡָһһƱԴֻ֮ºһ˿˿˳žȻһһ㣬һƱԴɣֻص϶
ˡ
ºȥȸվ϶УʱºϳȥֱЩɷףȻȥˣһƣȴʵʵڵģֻҲҪ²ָܻˡ
лȸһ˵ţһֽǱȡ˳ȥǱ飬
Ȼȸȴҡҡ֣ˣˡ˵ţԶȥˣԼ߳߰Զͣʵˣҹϣûȥ˻ĵ
Ȼдһʣϴҹȷʵ˵ڣиҪ飬룬뾡ȥ˵ǰǰô
пˣһȥ
á
Ӱʧʱºվȸʧĵطʵ𣿡
ʶɡ
ôô졭
𣿡
ȸʧĵطֻعͷһı飬ȸ˭


1931 ޾ۺ
֮˲عʱ˲ˡ
ԣ￴˿Ѳ֮ǰǺˣٲҲδʱγ֣ЩɣʲôˣºҲʼղ֪˭

֮˸ϻ˲ʱѾؾ棬δˡ
ÿζԼ˵ôأͲܣ˲Ҫô𡭡
δǳǿʱһһ㣬޸ľһʱǰѾ˯ȥ
֮תʱδѾģɫЩ԰ףβЩεȥ
δ룡
ˣԼ˹ˣ֣סһȫ֫ٺһʹһΣȷʵ˵̫ˣ棬˾ͽƴ࿹һ¡
оΡ
δϸ·ʱ˵ûˣʱĵؿһۣչԼ˵ôػ
ûˣ㲻ҪҺķˡ
ţƽڲݵϢؾ棬ﻨ㣬ĵָܻܿ
˭ϡˡδСȭͷؿڴһ£ĵص
ȻһأºҲ˼صˣ޹ǧϣ˾в̶ͬˣҲأǽһˡ
һ䱻۹½ˣӦѾƵ˰ɣڰ˻Ĺ壬˾ͽһ֮Ҳɣ壬𶼱ˣǸǶ򲻸ҳˡ
˵ۣ±ؽ䣬ҲԤʾţޣƽ¡
䱻۹½شǲˡ
۹½ΪλͻȻ֣
δЩ֣ȻЩҲܸܳ۹µҲ֪бȻؽ꣬û뵽Σ۹½ͻȻ֣ѵҲԤʾʲô𣿹ڵ۹µģǸ´˵
Ҳ֪ÿŵ۹µʱ򣬶ܹоǹɱϢӦþǵ۹½ˣ֣Ԩ
Ԩ
һţδҲ˵һָоһֵ޷˺֮ٳȥҳ޵ܣؽ֮Դ

ͬʱؾ䱻۹½شʱļλ֣˹ˡ
û뵽ǰѽȻĽꡭ
ѽпܣǴ˵ĵ۹ˣ̫֮һҲϣа֮
û뵽ͣܽȫһأ䣬˰ɡ

һºѾָ࣬ͬʱҲһ£ڲؾ棬麣£½촫ڵ̫Ű˻ľڻͨһ£̫Ű˻ľڻͨˣҲȫķδ롣
һգºҲָһЩ۲壬޵ĹˣϾ˴¹شǱչأҲó
⼸޵Ĺ˲ôãջ״μ飬޹ؾ棬ȴ֪
һ¸ˣɫأһԣԲޣǷܽǳ֮ȥؽ֮Դ
˽޷ֱò棬󷨿ߵһֱ֮ơ
¡¡
Ȼ˵޿֮ʱȻ󶯣ΪԵҲֻţֻǿϵߵ⣬ڲ޵֪ܹǣǳ֮
λλϣ˿ǣ󷨣ͬʱע߼һɲǣҫ۹ԣ壬ӳһ
һԣ۲죬ޣߵʱֱͨ춥ȥ˺δǺǿգǾ⣿Ҳδ˵
һֱҹ֮ʱ˲иŬ֮£ֻϣ涷תƣһɰǳ֮ɲޣֱ
ɹˣ
ܵһɺ嫵ǳ֮Ƕ˳˵Ȼģޣܹǣǳ֮
һֹ̣ǲ壬طȸ׻ܹܵһɺޱߵĲ֮
ʱǳ֮ԾΪδʱĸоԾ߹
ΣߵԲΪۺڲ壬Ȼܹ֮ԴڲˣգȻҲ𽥺תˣΪˡ
ٴκߵɸ󷨣صʹ֮֮Դ
֮֮ӿֹʱ֣ʱϼ⣬֮Դȴôܹģʹλڶ೤ѾȫȻ޷֮Դҵ
һУǵɻδĸӦûκֻܼܹҳȫ֮ԴȻԲ޵֮
׼ú󣬻δ벻ԥ̽棬ڵҲ˿˿ƣ֮ضȥ
ʱһһȥ˶ŵؿţڵʱ򣬴֮ԴѾһЩҲѾδҳˡ
˵ֶȷʵ֮Դ֮У޹ּǧҲڣΪ⼸ǧûһǿʶ
ղʼգԭһЩѾήĲľһЩʧȥķһҲתֲƣɢȥˡ
ʱڲĺڵ֮ԨԨ֮£Ҳ˺ڵ۵ޣˣҲ벻ɣǺǡ


1932 
һգ֮أ︴գʧ»ˣ˻ĵҲ˴֮£̫Ű˻˵ľڡ
һº󣬲ؾ
Ⱥ׷ɣٻؾۼϹɾһ𵱳ʱŨ˲֪٣Ҳûκһʡ
ʱϥһȪϣǰڷһɫĽϻǽϻļвͼ͸һص
һǰ֮ص󣬲ޱۺϳһɫĽϻֻϻɳ
֮ǰоãҲо޵ܣѵֻˣǲ޷Ҳֻ߼޴ѣοôȷѪ겻ϣ
޾˭ģ֪̫Ű˻˶ûʱʱǾѾΪͷˣֻǺȻʧȥѰأ
˿ڲؾҲ˰£ͬһͷҲûУ˼ȥ棬һĳܣֹһ򲻿ôȥഫ˵

ʱԶȻһŰٻȹŮŮǱˣȴδ룬һǰģһڲؾ棬ָ˸ࡣ
ģ͸һʮ߰Ůһ⣬͸һഺÿɰϢ
δ룬ôˣ
㶼оˣҺİ
δ׵ǰ˫°ͣŵһɵ˱ǶһϵŨ࣬Ǽ¡
ͻȻ䣬뵽ʲôǰŵĲޣһԺ˵δ룬뵽ˣһʶ˵ҳܡ
һ˵ţһ߽ϻ·㿴߸ͼûУÿһͼһޡ
δ˵Ŀȥϻļȷʵܹ߸ͼÿһͼģҲ֪ʲôЩͼȥͲûκιϵ
һԡ
£˶ţһһߣŽϻȥ֪޵ڲ
ޣʶǿδ룬ҲһһϦ̽쵽޵ڲȥ
֮Ȼ۾һһ̽ڲʹҲĲ˶ֻʮ˵ľ
Լֹ˰£һ죬̽쵽ܣղһɲǣܵһϢһϢ·ĳдϹģһָо
Ϲžʮ磬ѵޡ
һ̣δҲˣ˱˴˶һۣͬʱһ꣬ϻ̽ȥ
һɲǣϻ߸ͼȻʼλã϶תƣһ˲䣬ֻоһȫİ硣
ǡ
һƬžܹһЩǳһЩǳѾʧȥԣеѾ䣬·һħ֮ս
ǲ硣
ܿȥһЩǳеЩ𺳣翴ȥӦһƵ硣
ޣѵÿһޣһ硭
δҲϸ˼֮ǰϻ߸ͼ߸硣
ǲŵ𣿡
ϸ룬ԣܲ޵ܣֹڴˣһ̣Ȼ뵽ʲô
δʱ飬üʵ뵽ʲôˣ
δ룬ϸӦ
ʶֹųȥδҲӦܿ죬˱㷢һơԴ֮
һıԴ֮ͬسʱǻ֮һһʼӣɴݻֻм䣬ʱ䡣
˿ͻδܵıԴ֮Ǿ˵磬ʵڵһ磬ֻоܹ룬ͬһУܽҽ֮󣬲ط
˿̣˱˴˶ӣͬʱ뵽ʲôߣ
˵꣬һ˳ȥʶصĲؾǰĽϻһЩ֮ɫ͸ղô̶һǹȥһޣ˶ܣ
ֳԷȥղѾ˿޵ķʱԥһδ򿪲ޣһΣ˵ӰֱӴӲؾʧˣɫϻҲȫʧˣκһϢ

졣

ķͻȻһɷףԱͰ״ǰϣôˣ
û¡
ָղһɲǣͱȫʧȥ˸Ӧǳ׵ףȫʧȥ˸Ӧ͵ȥ麣ȥָоһ
һΣǳʧˡ߷Ѿ˱֪ղһ˲䣬ʲô
Ƶǵû
Ӧǿˡ
濴˿ֻ⣬ӿһɿֲϢȻ쿿
һǰķ޷뱾ͨѶϢˣֻܲӦڰǰʱ춯
һѺۣҲ죬˼֮߳ΪԨķӡڰǰѾӽȫɶһģ½ʮȥɽˣһΣŮҲˣйɽ˵ļλϣֶԿ졣
ɾڸղһ˲䣬뱾ȫʧȥ˸ӦҲ֪˺£ڿѾϾȥܱˣھǱ
𰣬𽣬ˣ֮ڣ⡣
ϡ
ԣһʱΣҲڳ죬ΪһϹŽƣˣҲƣԵ棬ȫģһΣΪҪȫ죿ϴʱɫԲֻΪ졭
һ۾ʱһֱĸоЩգָоǿˣ죬ǡƺ
ղһɲǣͱ𳹵ʧȥ˸ӦһУ߷ϣһ߷Ǳˡ
ϰһܹӵкͱһʵĺпܻһ߷òķɲôûˣοڣѾ֪ȥ


1933 
⼸գ˼춯ƵƵֻ죬ͬššԼطȵڣϿսħ֡
֮أ˳ħ֣˵ʹľЩħǴԨһߣӣ졣
֮أ󷨣ɽЩħʱֵ⣬ʹ˼ܺƽ٣һЩħӿ͸˼أʱ룬Ҳֻصţͬаˡ
ڹȥǧ֮Ķǲͬ飬ŽһµʱһЩ̫ɣҲǰӣͬ֡
ʱϣһԨѺۣȻĿģ˵ǰ˼䲼·ӡ׷˼ͨӡɣѾܹͨԨ˼䡣
ķӡҲδȫʧȻܹ˼䣬Ҳֻһ֣ʣµͨԨķӡ˼֮Դ
ҪƳӡɵµķӡѰʹǼǰǿߣĴۣħۣӹĸˣҲͬҲƳӡķΨƻ˼Ŧɽһʹӡ򿪡
˼Ŧɽ֮һΪҪһЩ⣬ڣһԴҪŦ
ҪݻɽȲ˵ʵΣɽ壬컯ܹƻģ
һѾԹˣȻǴŪЩǱҲֻŶѣɽȴǿȻɽµûܵκһƻ
һΣȻĿ죬ȻнƣѹɱϾɸ߿֮ϣҪƻȻɽࡣ
֮
ѾͨӼѳ죬ɽƵ˵ѾˣƺƵҲ٣֮鹬⣬Ĵ̫סɷࡢһ
һΣ̫׵棬ɷɷһ˾иǰ󣬹ɽһԲ
⣬ŮδѾˣɽĹˣ˵λ˻Ůһ
˹ɽˣͬ澳Ҳ˲ˣˣζˣζˣг¼ҵĳ磬ռƵˣЩǰȻǵá
һ˼ۼκһζҪǿɼˣЩüĲչʱвõԤг֡
ɲõԤУ죬ƬƺһΡ˼佫дҪƫƫҪͷ֪ȥЩԼһ쵽ˡ
ζ㣬㡭
ɶּζˣǸ˵òˣ֪ʱһС
ʱ꣬ӵΪѱȹȥ߳࣬ζЩ벻Ϊ޷ȷи֪ζΪƺرأҲ֪ӹɽЩ꣬ȥ
ɶЩ꣬ûкúϰҽķ
аа㿴
ɶüɫ裬һ˵ţһ˫ֲͣȻʩչһЩ򵥵һЩ֦ӣݲݱɺ
šɶ
ЦȻһԣζһۣ˷·𶼻˵ڹɽľѾʮˡ
һϡǳ֮·һ±øˣϣֻ仨Ʈ㣬ȴһӰ
ζǰƺζ̧ͷһµѺۣ벻˼䣬᧿Σ죬Щħͷ
޷Ҫռ˼䣬ȡ˼
˵ţһ±ߣʱתζȥֻ¹µʥӣһ覣¹ϣҲ·һ׵ɴ
ôˣ
ζͻȻĿתԼ˹ҡҡͷʱҲ֪ΪΣԺ棬һЩֵ뷨˵Ǽǧʱϵñ˴Ǹʱһ̤뷽֮˰ɡ
ζ֪ΪͻȻ˵ЩֵֹĻһ̣˵ЩʲôǧĻͷȥüϣһĨӿ
ôˣԼĻг֣ĪΪ֮·
ûʲô
ζҡҡͷʲôҲ˵˵ҲͲˣʱ뵽£ʵˣ˵ǰҹң
š
ζ˵ͷǰƺ˵ʱҲ֪飬ʱһΪˡ
ƺʱ˶ΪѾˡ
ʦ󡣡ζعͷ仰ƺǻл
˶˵жɾӡɾӡǶ뿴⵱ˣ˭
ζûнĻΪɾĵӣȻϣԼʦˣСʱ򣬾ͰɣȻһֱʱȥǰĵεΣǵá
㻹ǵãǴ˵ʦ޵𣿡
ζͻȻתͷ˵ڹɽʱ˵Ǹ¡Ȼǵá
ζתȥǰƺ˵һ̰棬ȥɽأȴ֪һǧǰʦӡһͷϹޣͷ޷ǳҲܽƻƭȥʦʱڱչأӦɽӡ򿪣˹ɵ֮ʱѾץסˡ
ӹĻʱ˵ҪǲӷˣӾһͽܣʦȴ˵ǲܵģޣ⿪ʱͬ⣬˵ã͹Ӵ£׼˹ֵӾͷ
ζǰƺʹȥôˣʦϵ˻ڣÿһʮ壬˿ڱʹ̣û˵һ֣Ҳûйֹҡ
һʵˣǰңк£


1934 ƺħ
ǰ飬ζԻѹòŵĸ֣⡣
⣿ɫһûô򵥣ѵ֮ǰζʲô
㻹ǵãǵʱôӹɽ𣿡ζһ̣⡣
ʱ
룬𵱳ڹɽ飬˵ʱɽ֮϶ʱˣҪ˼Ļɹ˴һ֮ͨǴһ顯ĵطʹ͸ɽ
ζ֪ʲôط
صӣʵʲôط
ζƺȥ˵е飬ʲôԴǡͨһŵ
ʲô
˴Ҳɫ΢΢һ䣬Ļǵ˲ƭԼ𣿻ŮۣǶ֪ȴδԼ
飬ǵĿѵҪͨͨǵʱϸ۲棬ƺȥκҲ޷ȥҲûá
ζֵѰ֮ˣѰ֮ȷʵ޷棬ǹЩˣҲ޷룬оŮۣҲһǣѰķѰأ˵˴񣬸ӱ
Եңȥ˹ɽ磬еһǸ飿

ζ飬ֱǰ̫һ壬̫ܣӦö˾⣬еۣ£Щ̤뷽֮ǿߣΪͻȻʧˣûиκһ
˿˵ţҲЩ飬ȻҲ⣬˶ȥ⣬ǵһط
ζѵȥ⣬һ̽𣿡
Ĭôܻ᲻ȥأҲ˵ЩʲôܣҪҵϹ֮󣬶ҲֻھҵҪδѱΨнʮ֮һ㣬ҲҪȥ⡣
ʱ˶˴˶ӳĬˣǸ뷨ȥ⣬Ϊδζأ˵ȻΪҡ
˳Ĭ֮ʱȻ䣬֪ﴫһ춯ζҲ˲ˡ
죿
һط
һɲǣ쳣ζҪһ𣿡
š
ζ˵ͷûԣ̸ȥˣʱȥƬƺ

ͬʱڲ޵
δ룬㿴
Ѿ֪޶ãûʱҲûҹֻ֣֮һƵ硣
˿̣δһǳ֮ϣǳԭܴ󣬵ʱڣֻԭǳϵġһѣֻ糾Сܹɽ֮ò
ԶĺѿݽߣɽҲѾûвľûκϢ֪ǰһò
δǰȥ˵磬Ѿγɣ֪ζ飬ȻܹܵţŨ
˵˴ͻȻֻعͷĲ磬Բֹһ棬ֻ֪һ˵߸Ҹղ룬Ȼܹͨޣ磬ô磬пܱҲֶͨν롭
˼˵˼䲢ûз֮ǿߣпܶһƵһ棬ơ
δ˼ҲѾµˣͷ˵ģˡıԴ֮ȻΪߣܵκơ
ѵǲ޵𡭡
ΧɽӣıԴ֮ôףʱͨޣ磬ͻȻǰʧˣٴͨˣҲǿн˿ڵ硣
ġ硱ֹܲһҲˣѾһ磬ֻ֪ѡҲ˵һ硣
š
δͷˣڳһ£ıԴ֮İӤų⡣
á
˿̣Ҳԥϥ£ղŲ²һУĻܹıԴ֮ôͬһ磬޷ͻƵľ磬棬һܹͻƣҲκơ

ƺħ죬ǰ𺳣˿ֻζ˲ûиŹ
ǡ
ζֱ󣬻ɾ棬Ȼһµħ򣬽ʱ䣬͸ħѾֲˣ˴ħһȣֱС׼ס
ֻҹħۣѾ˿ֲǰ죬ֽǺεȿµľ
һ̣ζͻȻ뵽һطǰ֮Լżƣڵ㻹ǵãȥ𣿡
졭
ǻǵõȥ죬ʵ˵ڵġħϢԨ
ԡ
ζǰƬħ˵ȥħǰħ񣬲ǰƬħҾûħӿ£ΪҸо
˵˴һעƺһŽŵҸо棬ʲôҪѹˡ


1935 ħ
һֱǵãڶµħ֮·𿴼˶µļ䣬ƺƷ֮ϣħӿһµһɷһħ졭
ڶŽ磬Ǽž֮棬ðһöħԪҲ
ʱζʱҲǲµ˼֣ʵǲǣ֪һЩʲô
ǰƬħòŻعħ˵棬ܷӡһħ
ħ
ŴԣζҲһ±ˣЩϹħ֮£ǰʧˣ˼ôӡһħ˴ı¡
һɡ
˿̣ԽԽˣ˴ȴֻصƺټ˵
ζֹʵ㻳ʲô
һɴ˴ӡŵģֻħһ֣⻹кü֣ɢ䣬ħϢԨҲֻһ
ʲô
һ˵ζǾ÷˼˵ͷкܾǰ޾ɽһƬħ֮£ҲˡһЩƵϢ
꣬ɶʶʱʱ׷ɱɶɶȥǽħ£Ѱһֱҵġħһ˽ˣŶ棬֮ʱһħʶԵصЩʧܡ
ζ˻䣬˵˵޾ɽ棬Ҳħһֲˡ
пܡ
Ŀ޾ɽеħڣһֱ޷ȥĵط棬ҲһħԼɱž켫档
켫һʱ䣬ʱܸо켫ʲôһλȥ켫պǻȥ켫֮
ʱ켫ڰʮһ㣬ٶǰȥһҶǰʱһҶ켫棬ȷʵѹһħħһйء
⼸طһΣǶŽļž֮ˣһֱǸ֮˶ǾԲĻþУһ
࡭
ͻȻ䣬뵽ʲôζɫ䣬ʵʲôࣿ
ħࡣ
˿̣ɫ쳣أ뵽ˣŽž֮ӡŵģħ࣡
һ̣ȫˣʱعƺȥž֮ص࣬ƺģʲôأͷˡ
һħķѵطӡأ룬˺ˣƺӡŵģȻħ֮ףһħʱλֱӳƸطӡջƺħ
ʱƺħӿøӾˣܷӦζһˣԶһЩմȾЩħ
ζǰƬڵħǽ˵ЩҲš֮󣬵ǰһƬħ΢ƽЩˣ˵ôˣΪ죬Ϊħ

ҡҡͷΪ죬˴յϢܿܳĸˣħʥֶʮҵĶԸˣҲ˵֡
˴תͷζһһ㣬ħ̶ֲȣҸ޷˼ûκܹԸħʹʦʦҲԸˡ
˵ţζôδй棬֪һˣһĵȫߣԭΪ죬ΪǰʱḴյħ
ƺڣֻõĴ㣬˳⣬ħҪݻĻ˵ǧ˼䣬һ˲Ϊħû˭ӵˡ
ֱڣԺȻܹظֳڶ¼ĿһĻҲκβ˵ħ˼кܹԸˣ˵ؽƣ¾ħѾ˸޾췣ĳ̶ȡ
һ˼ƽ٣ǡ
Ǿ⣬ǿ߽٣ۣǿ߻
ζһһ˵ţ˼䣬ûз֮ǿߣܶԸħħҪݻ䣬ô˼߶ԣĩ١

֮󣬲
һƱԴ֮ȻֻӿΪͻ֮
δһԣϺէ֣ϣİӤһҲųıԴ֮һֻʱգƵ磬޷ͻƵľ磬棬Ȼܹͻƣǡ֮
ˣôΪ˼һ̤뷽֮ǿߡ
оΣ
š벻ӤܽһƱԴ֮
̼ǵõȥ켫ʱ򣬹µ˵ԪӤźİӤͬԪӤ޷û뵽ǣӤıԴ֮Ļ棬ͻһ硱
δ룬ȳȥɣ޵ܣѾ⿪֣ʣµģͷٿ
š
ʱһֻص棬뿪ؾʱͨķӦһС
ˡ
ôˣ
δӲؾʱɫһҲµ֣ʵˣ

ҡҡͷβ죬˼䣬¶Ҫˡ
˼䡭ѵ죿
ֹ죬ƺȥ


1936 
һգƳʱѼ̫£ѾգҹһȻ޹⡣
ʱǹ֮УӰɳЩӰƶˣ飬˼ϹŽƣҿϸһЩħ͸֡
ţӰɳһˣǸа˫ѪаӣǵţԡħԪơϵ޵ˡ
һˣź£̨֣ǧ˳ơǧ涡
һˣһܿӺﻯɷڣ˫Ѫ죬ϲ˳ħƣĳٶħ֮Ԩĳ
оģ˵ķ˼䣬ֻ˾ĵĻ룬˵ķԱ
˼䱻ϵıҲȻܵش˼ģǱ𣬶Ƿˡ
˵ķʦ𣬽ձ𻹸Ҳգ˵ı𣬽Ҳ°ɡ
ʱϳһӰϵϢȥһ½µĲɢˣ
Ŷⲻ֮£ûȥѽǧ߳ص
ȿħ˼䣬ձؽ޻أ
ʱζҲӺ˳ζȻӵˣֽ죬Ҳ޾˿ˡ
СЩħݹ֡ǳҪˡ
λСǴӺζ
ǧζȥϵЦҪȻûȥҵ¯ˡ
ҪǷϻˣְɣ
ƺûģħһħɷ֮ʱ¸ӿ˹ɢħʴ
ߡ
ζƮƮ¼̨һâ˳ȥǧ涶һ𣬵Ӱ֣Ǹħֵ⣬Ҳֺֽ
ǺǡСãе㱾¡
ǧһзɳ˲ûһ¶ľɫ֮ζȥ
ߡ
ζȻЩԻϴʱ̫һѪһʱгһɨʱɢЩ
һߣҲаӡ𡱶һ𣺡ñ㵽ʲôˡ
˭ͱһս
ħ죬һʱҲŶˣʱȻһЦ
ǻ£׹߷˳ٲȻǴĹħħԺ󣬾һֱǴˡ
ʲô
һƣð׹ǳԼȥԼֲ⵽˭ħ
Ϸħ
ϴڤĲ°ҹϮ֮ʱħûܹܹǴ󳹵ںˣƺ˷ܣǴҲ·Ϊһ㣬ԴҲϳȥˡ
Գ
һȣһ̧ħӿȥȻЩħǴ棬޷Թħκ˺죬ڿ¾ǴĹħǿˡ
Сģ󲻼򵥡ʱһ
뱾սҷô
һնǵسնȥ˵ΪвЩ顢̫Ű˻ľЩģһ١
ԴʱǵնĽҲд⣬̻һܿȴڰ룬СԴϴ׽û֮󣬺ǿ࣬ղɴС
һҪֻ֪ǸǲǻȣȱһҲӡ
ٶ治棿˿̣ĹħȻʼ
ͷħɷ
ܻһٻһֻħ֮Ԩħһֻħʱˮ˫赸նˣصħȥӿֲ߰ɣħɷڣԶӵ˶Ծ
𡪡
ħһʱ²ȻһЦϷ̵ͷʣ
£ǴܲħɷӦİ׹ǣѪڣһڽ˽ȥȻ淢һ󡰿֨֨ΧħɢħĹͷû³ȫ
ӵħɷˣŭĿԲʱףҲסˣ⵽˭ħ
ϲⲻ⣿˹ħĴЦ֮
һߣڶԸħ͸֣ӣƵˣڣЩħǽڽڰˡ
ʱһӰɳһڸѪɳȴЦˣȻôõıչأΪҲǿ࣬Ҳ˲֡
λĻ꣬տˡ
ʱһֻ֮֮ϣȻһɻӰǲǿӣǧǰʥ
һɲǣϺȻ˾ŵᦣŵӭչÿһʮɳһ½ħ˵Ļ˽ȥشߣѣһ˲䱻С
ɣ
ŭɶʱмˣһγ׵׵͹ʵΪħʥ̰ðغˡ
ߣ
˱ʱ룬ʱִһŮߣǲ˵㣿
䣬űһǿ˹ˣʱƺɿǿˣһҲʱѪӿֹһЩĸ֮£ֱӻһƬѪԪҲѣ㱻Ǿŵᦸˡ
ƶϸٵŮӣǻħĻʹҲʱϥϷŵ٣ȥΪ޷ǵȾҲˡ
𡪡
ʱħǱߣһֲ쳹Ƭƺ̶ֻˮҲ߷˹ħ֮ƣ˫Ŀƣŵһڸĵѡ


1937 ħʥ
ˡ
˰·סˣŮʲô˵ãȥ˼ߡ
أǺˣڴ˵·
ŭɣף˵ͬʱ˫һħֱħӿȥ
ߡ
ħһߣڹɽħԨǵ׼֮ǧ꣬ħֻһһʵһ㣬ȥӿħ̼ɢˡ
СŮ˵̫ǿá
һ룬Ѱ֮ƣɾʱ淽ǱߣͻȻҲɱ˶һƣֻǱߵˣҲɱ˹
ʲôˣ
ǧֻ߷ӰɱΪˣһİӣһϴŰߣȵӣһƵˣ˵ĵпȥҲֵͣ¸֡
ԭȴĴħ棬ɶƸң¥ˣֻħ̵ħû
ŷ˼䡭ﵱƸһӣɫ£һնħ
λáɶԶԶһۣ󣬽ħƱҪĶˡ
ġͻȻôˣ
ȥ־ŭֻƺ֮ϣˣĸ֣֮䣬˵ˣʬǱĹħˣֱϾŵᦸˣؿʧء
𡭡ͻΧ
ǧ°ȥǵһֵ꣬ˣһΣǻǴǰǸ죬ȴԶԶ͹ֵʵ
ʱȻһ⳯նһüȿͣʹʱܿԱһˣʱŭɶѾͷһҵ
ֻԶζ̨֮ϣгĽʣղһն
һߣҲͻľڳ޷еĹħˡ
𡪡
巢һһڣһ½ʮħ˴ѪģǱ߷ȥԸ
˫һֱˣȻɾˣΧ֮£Ҳ˲̶ͬȵˡ
ħ죡
ͻȻ˫һ𣬺ʱħЩħǳһ˼߱ħȾ˵Уħ壬Ҳữħ
Сģ
Щħ糱ˮӿȥƣǵصĽâն£һ˹ħ
ô룬岻ħβһºɨ˹䡱һһ½ײɻȥһ˵òᡣ

ܴǧҲľѣҲСǰѾͷԷ̨ɹأǱȻҲħɷ֮ѾͷϰģȫӿһȴҲ֮ߣ
˴ʱǱӣһߣϴʦɽ٣ұδǾѾ·ˣԹɡ
֮ʱǾ֮ϺȻӿ𣬷·ʲôֲĶҪˣűһ˵Ϣֱ츽
⡭
ܵͻĿϢ˾԰Ȼ֮Ҫˣһز΢Ůǻûħʥȴȵһˡ
ʲôˣ
ʱζҲ˲ȥǧˣ̨ɵϺӿ˵ħʥаӤᡣ
ħʥˣ˼ǣǹԹɣ
ʱЦֹԶ롢Ƶˡ歷ˡӡɶˣɫһȻҲܵˣʱĵµϢģǼˡ
磬硭ʲôˣȥܺӡ
¼СΨ²ңһ𽾪ﻷֳߣǾ֮ӿĺƣһԾԾԵӡ
Сؿֲˣ쵽ȥ
˵ţħʲôҲӦһƱ㽫ȥ
磡ֲ˵һ
ҹϣԽԽֱͣѹƵߣǼҵٮٮߣҲϹϵѪϾΪЩ̫徳Ϲ֣ʱòСĽ
֣Ҫ˻죿
ˡ
ѹĺƣһɲǣĵֲӰڳˣĵֲħӰڳ˽һһЩΪǳˣһ̸͸ˡ
ֻĵħӰ߰ɣ·̧־֮䣬ܻأʵ˺¡
ħʥ١˻ٹ³ݣ
ĵħӰ棬һֲڳ֮˫ѣæ˹ס
ߡħʥħҲҳʥҲգħʥսԽ޻أ
ֻһ죬Ȼһ𣬽ֻϣһһ񽣣
ֻǽϹ˽ɫ磬žֱ죬˽ǵ۹£ҲѰ֮ǽϵĽƣҲһħͷܳ
ߡөҲԣ
ͻȻĵħӰһһ̧Уʱ񺿣һɺɫӡƾն֣Ȼ
ӡδ·ǾˣһЩΪԵ֮ˣܲסһЩħˣ꼰ˣѪֹ
𡪡
巢һҪֲֵһƣһ˲䣬Զȴһȷ䡱һһ½ħʥӡɢˡ
˭ˣ
һ㽫ǿµӡɢڳ˽һ׷׳ǽķȥֻƲһ޴Ӱ״֮һգۣɽˡ
ǡ
һϳˣֻޱȵĴ񣬾Ȼ񻰴˵Ϲ
ʱıϣȻӰֻ޴Ӱ֥һС
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ뼸λˣҺѽɿһ㣡


1938 ΢Ů
תۼ䣬ǰ˫ҲѸСһЩվӰˮǧѡ
ղһǧѷ˿üӡɼȻֻ۶ܷǿһ
ζ۶Ȼֲ
ˮȥ棡
˹ǴеǰˮΪֻ³ܲסЩħ˵Ĺ
ʦ֣Ҫң
ˮ£ñˮԶЩħˣЩԾԾԵӣǧ΢΢תͷһۣʦֵĻȥ棬滹ĸģ𣿡
ðɡ
ˮһԾȻϣ˼϶ˣ͸һϹ˭
ⲻ֪յĵڶӣȴͬһĵӣ֪⡣
ߣ˼ߣɣ
ϣħʥħӰɿֲΧȴûһףĸϡ
˵ţаӤᡣ
ء
ͷһХ˫һӿһ磬ֱ˴ȥ
ССҲ£
ӣ˫һ𣬾һ˲仯ɰԳ֮ףֵ⡣
۵һҲһһɲǻȥ廹Ҫµöࡣ
ߡ
ǧɫݣˮݡһɳâֱħʥնȥһߣ޽ζһ̫Ҳһ˲ǿࡣ
ڳˣ಻ԥ׷ϵħʥȻѰֶΣ˲ħʥֺħʥĹûм˵ס֮䣬Ҳʼˡ
Уĸħͷ̫ѶԸˡ
ǧԣ˱˴˶һۣ˫赣ɽâֱ춥˲ԽһЩɺ߻оӤаħһֻʱ롣
Σһ̣ԶʺȻһŮͥӷ˼䣬ﲻ
Ů֮ȴڳһˣתȥֻϼɣʰ쵣·ƽ⣬˲Ϣ
˵УΪ׵ŮƮƮ绪üһɵ֮ӡŮ˸ղħʥΪͥӷѲ֮·
΢Ůۡ
Ψɽ˴ʱһϳ绪Ůӣʲô·Ůǹɽ΢ŮۣһΪɲ⣬ǹˣ˷֮һ
һЦηСԼ֮ˣ
ԭħʥħǵħӵȥֻЩ΢Ů֪ģ
ȥ绪˼ʦȣ϶һֵ£ƣʱģǹ˵峾Ӻӣ
ϣ
΢Ůɫ˪ָһʱһѰǿħʥӲϣҲֳʹ
·Щħˣһâ޲˲ԪϵľŵߣѾˡ
ģ
ǧ涵ʱæܣ˿ûħʥǰƤӲ΢ĻҲҪˣŮ˵Ϊʵֲ̫ˡ
ܿ죬ħѾ΢Ů۵Ľ޲Ŀ࣬һΪ˼˼дƣû˽ƣʵֱƷ֮
̲סһݣȵڹɽʱǿ̫ˣҲ޹֣ڹɽ磬ҲûԷʵûģȻǱˣоҲĶˣôһԱȣ˾ͽЩƨ
Ůˣе㱾£
Ӥ¶ɫ󷢳һӤ֮ŴʱͷĿѣֹΨΪ̤徳ϵˣܹš
ߡ
΢Ůɫ䣬һһƬʱɢĺǾӤ֮ҲսС
˼ôһʱ׷Աߣǲᱻаħˡ
Ůۡ
ʱζǧѡӵ˶˹ȥϣ¼СãɶˮЩŮȴһ˷ܵòˡ
쿴쿴ɽ΢ŮۣۡҽȻ΢Ůˣ
ɶͼˡ
ţŮۡʦЩѽ

Ůۣ
ʱŮ۵ԣħʥ˵ĸħܴͥѣУֻȻ׶Ը
š
Ůǿˣ˼Ľƻأ׶ȫΪ췣ϵħҲһ
ϣԶ歷˴ȥһ歷ˣȽ죬Ҫô˴ϹŽơ
歷һҪϹŽƣ¸ԥȥ֮ǲֵҵġ
Ůۡ
˿ʼ泷ˣ΢ŮߣԴ˴ƣԸħ
΢ŮۻΧһۣϹŽƣ˵ǵ£ʮԸĸӷúʡ


1939 
ϹŽԸħʥȷʵʣһ㣬ҲǵģƺħóȻĽƣؽţʱӰƺķӡ
£Ѿ˼ôˣǰħʥ̫ͣŮǿһ˫֣ѵħצȥֽء
˺󣡡
һ̣ٲԥ˫ȻӡΧʱ׹һǿµĽϢ͵س˷ӿɢ˿
λǰĴ˴ƣ
ǧ涵̳ѣħʥУһĵʱܶ
ߣ
Ȼħʥ߰ýаСĽƣҲסˣƾСС˼ƣҺΣ
˵գȻһйʱӿϵһδ֮кȻ磬뷢һ㳯ȥžһսζʹæ˻ȥ
һߣСЩɣҿ򵥣˵ˣҽգѲЩС֮һɢǧ
ĿȷʵС
΢Ů˵ʱ˫Ҳǰ㲻Ͻӡʱ磬ħʥȥ
Сġ˺󣡡
ʹǿħʥҲСĽƣοǴʱŮ۶Էǣ֮һ
˫һֱҹĻ٣ħʥƲ˽ƣˣ棬˼ĸֲħߣҲ˿Զ׼ħֻʱߣĹƣؽ͡
磡㣡
Ů˻£ɶһλɽŮۣΪǿġ
ħͷʱˡ
ζҲԣڹɽʱŮۣԴ˿̲İǧѴʱԶԶģδ
Ůۿ˿˵ħʱߣ´νƱظͣڴ֮ǰ뾡ô㡣
ȻÿжϹŽȷʵҲ޿õģһħҵ˷Ƶķֻºϡ
󷨣赲ħĽ֮
ʱǧ˹˶ȥ۶亱ϵĵӣǧӣû˸СοղһĿãܹɢħ֮ģѰ
΢ŮҲȥһۿĲѰʵ֪λʦкδ
ǧѵţ请壬ǧѡ
Ŷ
΢Ůһһʦͬţ˵һΣ˼䣬һ£ϻģҪȥһʦһ档
ֻǧӣƺħ˽⣿
Ŵһ˸ǽĿλǧһˣֻǧ֪һ
£㽫Ըħ֮˵˳󣬾ֻҪ´󣬺Ǳ²סħĴ󣿶ҪʲôסħҪ֤ħ޷
˼Ƭ̣Ǵ϶ǲˣǴֻסħ֮һȴסҪԺԸأ
һ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ˣڶŽ磬ºȥԨѰʱһƬ׵أ׵֮ɱѹɷ֮ʹǰȫɹʱºµģ׵󣺲㡢׻ʬȸͷ
ԭ̫ʱ׵󣬾Ҳ޷ѹֻԸ׼񣬶ҵ죬Ҳ޷֮Ĵ״֮ˣԸħʥССħ´ࡣ
˵񲻿˲̫ʱǵ󣬵ħʥҲôĴڣԴ˷С
󣬵ϸˣҪ²£Ҳʲô£ڣ֮󣬱ؽļȥӴһܲܲ˶ǽǽȥƺĸ˰ɣ
ҵУв㡣
ˣڻһȲѵİ취Ǻֲ֮֮Ĳ㣬ҲУȻҪһġ
ɶ
ʱɶǰһ˫۾۵ӣ޲ϲֻһССŮ˵Щڲͬôǿ
Ů۵ˣ֪ɶı£Ҫ֪ģϹҪ᧿ΣʱŮۡоŮЩǿ߶ûκΰ취ȴСѾͷȳһ֮ʤħ𣬾󷨸ӡסˣϵ֮ôǿ
磬磡ϻǿµĵطɶӡأ
ʱֻɶͣҡ䣬˼ȴǲ֪˿˵Ŀµطָ
ʱüԥ֮ɫȴɶҪµĿȫ֮ɶȫ֮һȾô죿
ߣҲԣҲһɺǿ
ʱˮҲ˹ɶҡʦֵ֣һͦЩɶعͷͻȻ˸ұʶ硣
ߣˮͷһòԶҹĻµƺǿδء
֪ˮҲһɼǿ֪ǾʲôǴܵҲеľ·ˮСС棬̲һԻĿֲʦ²ӡ򶯲õġ
ɡ
Ϊ֮ʣǧһۣ˵֪Ҫʲôҵ۶κҲȾˡ仰˵÷ǳš
ˣҲæɡ
ζҲŴʱվǧѣɲΪ۶һ̫Ѫǿˡ


1940 ħ
ǰˣǧѵ۶ζ̫ѪټȻ˿ȥЩζǧˣȴֻ֪֮
ҹʱ˴඼ȥϢˣԶԸ֮Уˮһԣѯų˺¡
ˮ֧֧˰죬˵ҡҲ̫񣬺ɽµʲôˣʦǶŵġ
ɽ£
һ˿ϸһ룬һܲܣɽҲѹħֲɣ
һ룬ƺܣһżܵɽҹȥ棬ȷʵܵһƲͬѰʱǧѣһҲڸ
ʱӦģֻһƲͬѰƺֿħɽҲѹħֲǰ˵ɽҲᱻħ֣֮ףħ֣⻹˵ãǻô¾֪
ɽʼնûгֹħôҲ˵ɽ棬ûѹħΪΣƵƵ춯أ
˳˼ѵǳĴţһΪ֪ܣһܡ
֮Ƚǰ鷳ɡ
ҹʱŮۺȻҵƺĲѰƺǱߴħϢʹи赲Ҳ㲻ʶ
ƺЩ⡣
Ů۷ˡ
ô£
˵Ůһ֪
£ƺǱȥˣͨ󣬲֪ûа취
˵ƺ¹֮£ħ죬ʹŮۣҲɵһɾ˭֪ɾĺ棬һƬµħ
㷢ִ˴ħˣ
šӦǶʮǰɣ˴ħм֮󡣡
£ֽħһ˵ˣŮǱأʱħͻȻһ춯ѸʮƬ̺춯СŮ۲ſڵ뿪˴ʱ䣬Ҫ˹ߡ
ֻص죬գ׼ˣ㡢׻ʬȸͷֱ֪󷨼壬˶ſţ⵱У⡣
ʵҪ󣬲ܳɹģֻʱ󷨣㲻ҲֻʱסħҪĻ׼֮Ѫ̫ŷΪۣٺò̫ŷҲҪѪһ
ǱؽɷѰ֮Ī˵УԿһ㣬ɷ֮ȾҲضУΣڲ֮ˣǾ͸ˣ󷨷ɡ
֮ɷ֮أô󷨵֮ʹ󷨱ԺǸȻԴ꣬ɢȥԲǧ֮ڣ̡

һֱ󷨲ųɣŮ۵ֶͨΣʱ䣬Ҳ뿪죬صļϸ⸽κ˵ʶѾȥ
ֻħʥˣ죬ȻħԲģһһΣ֪ʲôƸˡ
˼Сձؽ޴ӣ
ϺƱգֲ·ţסħ
ӣ㿴Щ죬˭ӹ𣿵Ǽǰ֪˭ˡ·
֪С֪ʲô־彵٣
ͻȻħ͹޾⸽ĽһϸԭϣһǿɵϹŽơ
ǲŻ֪ʲô־塣
ħ֮ʱ߶󷨣󱾾ټǧѵУħûӦһ˲㱻С
ǰģ󷨣
ǧ涵˾һħʥ̫ˣ˼޵֣˼ɣصã˶Էơ
󷨣
аͷһЦĽշħκβң˽󷨡ȵȣǣ
һɲǣһ֮ͳħȥ󷨵Уʹǿħһʱ侹Ҳ޷֮
㣬׻ʬȸͷɷ˼˲󷨣ߣ
ħʥڱɫӳ֮ʱкȻѪâ׹Ϲɵأһ½ħѹУѷɡ
ˣ
Զ˰ħ󣬿̫ˣԵ壬ǾȻԼȽȥ
ҪҲֻħ̫УΪ䵱ûκεˡ
СӣɷǺ˽ģ
棬ħʥ־ŭȻǰɷԶԶȲ̫󣬿Ҫ´һܹ쵽֮ͨҲȻɣСӿȥΪ˿û£
ʦͨΡλãζɻУ
Լ걻˰̣ħɷޱȣСӣҳؽˣ
һ㣬Ȼôά󷨵
һ˵ħΧһȻϵ֮Խأ֮Ҳűء
ˣ֮ԽɷҲԽףȻôԸ춼ѹ˵ɷڣ

ʱɶ˳ЦĸСħħڱˣزˡ
Сӡ
ħʥ߷߲ѣðŭ𣬿תһ룬ԡСӵɷȻеķ֪󣬿Լ棿


1941 ħ
˿̣ħʥڿһ߽ӡǧѣʱŭȼԭǵĹ˭˵á
ߣĸħ֣ڻʵֻʦ㣬Ҫʦˣȫսȥ
ˮħԱӣò⣬˫ǰЦʲôƨħʥ̫ˣ
ɷҲɷҲ
˿̣ħʥ棬һһ
Ů۵Ȱλʡɣ÷ľǰﻯΪһ̯ŧѪ
Ц
ħǲݺݵ˼СǻΪ󷨣סˣԪָҪ˴һҷ𣡡
£˺Ȼȥ˴Է˹ʱ䣬ƾ֪˶ʲô⸽ͻȻ𵴲ֹҲб֮ơ
ˡ
·˶ħȻûôױҪôȥĻܹ֧һգһ֮󣬱ر˳ơ
˾֮ʣȻһӰϷȥǱˣǧѣֻ˫ֲסӡü֮۶֣֪ʲôطͻȻдȥΧվһֹͣ𵴡

ħһ̣ػһ¾ͱˣ̧ͷʩŮӣ־ŭ㵽ʲôˣƫƫҪԣ
ʱ˲ԣֻŵΨŮ۴ʱһ˿ɻǧѡʲôˣΪ֪ķ
λҿϼհɡ
ǧѵ˵գָһһ۶ӡȥһأħʥҪ˹ɷֻ֮ûôˣǲϧС
ҳؽʬΣҪܡ
ܳ˵ɡ
ǧһӣƮƮ츽ƮƮɽŮ۶治Ⱦһ˿֮

ȥգʱɷ֮Ѿ࣬Ͼֻʱָ֮һֱħУ⼸ħƺҲ࣬ԶǧЩˣֻԶҿˡ
Сӡ󷨣Ų˶ˣ
ɷ棬ħʥֱ󷨵ѾҪľֻסħˡ
˫üѾܹӦˣǴ˿ǹɲĸоҲԽԽǿˡ
¡¡
ͻȻ䣬ֻϺֹܲ·ʲôµħҪֻ̫ǱʲôһƬգΪڰ֣Ƭ֮Ҳ⡣
ǡ
һ̣˶ֻˣͬⷽԲǧŵߣǷ⡰ʴ֮Ҳסˣ׷ؽѶȥ
ʴ١ǾĴ۵գˡ
ǧѵʱɫԶҲסˣ㵵ؿʴ֮ѵǸǣôܣǾ޿ʱ˼䣬ʲô
ˣȫ˻ȥ
ǧһƵУֻʣһȦֵѪջȻǾĵġաˣڰ֮£ӡǷ֮еֶͨΣҿֹ췣
ȫ˻ȥ
Ҳ棬ǧѲѪջʱǧ΢΢תͷһۣҲȥ
ʦ֣ʦ㣡Ƕϣˮŵس˺
ʲô
˿̣ϵѪջвԤУԽԽǿңɲںΣһ̣Ҳ˵ˡ
ǾĴۡǰǸʱǿߣ֮£ڳˣܵУҲӣ췣
ǧɫأһۣ䲻֪Ϊ˵ĲдˣĴۡա
ߡ
ʱҲħˣţһ£һѾܾû׽ľٶˡ
ʦ֣ʦ㣡
Яֻˮææһץסǧѵӣ̽ͷǿֲʴҲɵ־
ĺͳٵˣǱɡ˼ڽգ棬ħʥҲԽò
ϣô졭
ʱߣȻҲܹܵǲƺ棬µϢڽ١
Ĵۣħۡ
Ů۴ʱҲѪջ塢޵̨̰աħ֮Ԩ֮šգλǰǿҪˡ
ľĴۣħ֮Ԩĳħ̨ۣľӹĸ޵촴ߣ̰յ棬֮ŵа۾Щɶǵ괫˵࿹ǿߡ
ʱƺǱͻȻҲħӿħֱ߳ʱ𵴲ֹ
ƺˣ
歷ƺǱȥҲ¶˾ɫʱƺǱҪٳ⣬鷳ˡ
˿ֻ̣Ƭƺ춯ɱžʱ౻ħ֣켫𵴲ֹҡҡ׹켫ĵӣǳϣλˣѾȫɫ
һɷһħ졭
ֱֲӵصǾʧ룬ȻЩ켫ʱ춯ȴδ㣬ƬգΪħ֣
ɱžж½ħڣǽͬпֲħŵħڣȺħɢ
жŽ磬ž֮أһص֮Ӽž֮棬Щطµ
ʣ֣ߣˣɷѩվ̨ʱ쳹ص֮Ȼ𵱳ž֮أѵǡ

ʱͻδѾصԪ̧ͷֻӿգδͻȻʴ
ʴǾĴۡ
ѪջĴ۵գ˿ֲǴ˿̣Ȼˡˡˡѣǵڼžָ֮о
Ĵۣ
ԣδɫһ䣬ȻǳǼħӦڳ˯УΪܹ˼䣿ѵǰ˼䲼µķӡѾɶ
δ롭ǿȥֲõĸо
ʱǹɲõԤУϵʴǾĴۣʱͻȻӾ


1942 ħ
죬ԭɾʱȴħ죬ʣһϹŽƣħֵ⡣
ˣˣ
ѷѾħʥܿܳƳ
ô죿
ɶƸ˶߾£˹Σֻһֵħ
գȷдˡ
ʱҲߣʱ仰л֪˵죬˵ƺ
ʱǾ֮ϣ֮УڻɲħӰǶħƸԼɣһһң˰졣
м䣬ֻһӰһŮӣΣѣԱħӰԱȡ
²μĸ
ԶǧλŮӲΰȥԭŮӱǼ̨ľӹĸħӰȻض˵ˣǾĴۺͳħۡ
²μĴۣ
ħʱҲĴ۲ΰȥڳϸӰҲһ¹ȥ
ֲϢѹʱ˴ţǰħǿߣ
˵ϢЩ֡
Ψʱ΢Ů侲񲻶ˣϵϢȷʵǳ£ϢʥµˣԿ϶ǣȷʵǾĴۡħۡӹĸǡӦò˵ıҲǷǣܡ
Կ֮ƿӡƣ˼䡭Ȼ
Ů񲻶˵ֻ˵Ŀܣ棬ͬ˵һƱԪ޼١
ģ˵ģ˼Ǵӡ֮һ
š˴йɺǿĽơ
ʱϵĶħȻ·ˣڴ˽̸Ҳ֣ǿܣɱϾǱһƾԪǰЩ˼˿ϵһѵ˵Ҫȥܵϵ
ǽ˴ŦȥӡͻһЩ𣿡
ʱħۿžĴֻۣŽ̸û±ʲôطʲô죿Ǹֻ֪֪һŦҪȥµķӡǾͱȥ
š˴ưٴۣд
Ĵ۸죬ûȥעʱЩߣͬ˷ѵҪȥµѨ
ȵȣʲô
ʱĴͻȻע⵽ƺƬӿħ飬һ±
ôܡ
ħҲע⵽ƺ춯ɫһ±˼ܻǿĴڣģֲõԤС
ʱϣڶħĿֲϢ£߶ɪɪҲ֣ϾԷǻҷ𣬺ڴʱ滹һϹŽơ
ӹĸܲȰˣ飿
棬ħʥλħ۾ֻ۷ӡŦˣȫûǣͷһ
ĸûá
ֻоӹĸ΢ע⵽ǣЩߣֻһһһ±㽫ȥˡ
ħʥڵʱŭӶȥСӣҪǻҷ𣡡
˸һȥȴϹŽƸ˻ȥ⼸ǽƣʱﻹƽƣھĴ˶ˣô
ÿɣ
ӹĸָһһɫȻʱƾ䣬䡱һһɫĽϣصϲֱӱ˳ȥ
Сġ˺󣡡
̵ǰ棬˿µϹŽƣҲܲס𵴣ֻЩΪߵģֵ
˽ƣȻЩ
Ȼղžӹĸһ£ֻ̽ѣҪֵĻֹղǵ
ȥƿƣ
ʱǧЩȺħӿƾǵҪƿһƣȻǲܵģֻпĴˡ
˿
ӹĸһ䣬Щ˵ǰְ߰ţġٶ˿ȥ٣ģǻʲôȥ˴ƣ顣
ĴۺͳħۻعͷȥƺǱߵħˣֻһ죬ֲĺɫֱĽƴ
¡¡
һʱصƺӿֹ죬Ҫһ㣬ϹŽƣܲסħĹơ
ô졭ʱˣ඼˵˺ȥȻٿ¡
Ȼڳħۺ;Ĵ۶ûע⵽ǣҲȥǣ˴˿ҪģֻǰĽƴ򿪣Ȼ󳹵׽ȥ˱ߡ
ǻǶ࿴һۣⷽԲǻѣǶȥᣬǻ᲻Щ˵ѵѨ¹ȥ̿ˮʱûѵȼ䳲ʱϡ۷֮Ȼûκθо
һơǱɣ
˿棬ɫɷףҪȻȥƴˡ
ƴ
Ůת˿һۣ֪һһȥֱӻҷ𡭡ĵգѾ췣ȫ赲Ϸ
һԣ˸ɫ˿ħõģ˼ǶħȴֶͨΣ췣ȫ赲˾֮⡭ô죿
ء
վˮߣҲǶħϷ֮ϧڻ̫Сħ
Сӣûˡ˼û˭ùǰǿߡʱħڴǴˡ
һɲǣѾоˣ˾֮ʱһһ»¡¡һɰ֮ĳٶ۵ʱֵסˡ
ʲô˿ʱ߼ʵһ˼ǿ
ޡ
뻺תΣԱߣıˣޣͲ˼Ǽǿ֮ǲɹϾװһ硣


1943 ħ
ʲôˡ
һ˲䣬ֻ˾Ĵ۵ġա˲Ϣ֮䣬㵽츽
ǿϢ
һ̣Ȼܹܵõֻ߼ͬ˱ϢҲʮ֮ǿֻǴ˿̣϶ߣ˲֪˭

˿̣ǧѵĿ⣬ϣ̫Ű˻ˣҲЩ˽⣬ٱһЩԪҪ
ζҲϣ˺ֵϢȴֱ治ԱߣδҲһߣ歷˺µˣǲ֪ˡ
㿴ϡ
δ뿴Ǿġٶħʱ΢΢ɫһܿƽħľĴۺͳħֻۣ˷˼ĿܣǿܣҲСǾӹĸ
ߣ
ʱ϶ħʩ߼ϣڲע⵽·ССӰʲôˣ
޾ʱ棬ħɷ֮϶ħô˼Ϊȡùһ𣿡
Ц
ħ۵˼ᵱȡ뷲ˣкθϵ
ħ˼߷ȥһۣǺĿˣ˵ң뵱꣬Ƕֻ֮˱ᣬ꣬ȴִ˼⣬ֱ˼۷ӡ죬뵱꣬ȿħˣǰ˵ͬĻ
Ŵԣ˵󣬾ȻǶħǰ˵˻
Ȼ֮ʱĴʱĿ⣺Ǻˣ룡
£оɫ˾һӣȻһֵܹ
Сģ
Ա߻δһ˰Զֻ䡱һĴӴڸղŶվһϣʱǵҷ
˲һ˵ǴŲ֮ˣȥȷʵ򵥣ɸղҪӲĴһĻֻ³Ҳòȥ
̧ͷϣݲȣôˣǻ˵޹ֵ꣬۴ãҲһ
ȷˡ
ħһħƶʱѹŻδһԾɳ˰ɾ롣
ģ٣רƽƣԸ±Щˡӹĸ˵ţȻʶʱӿ
ȻȥƺʱľġٶЩͬȴһС
һɲǣһϹɳȴ΢Ů۷˳һߣķζǧѵҲԥһ˳֮ܵסӹĸĹơ
ӡ
ֻӹĸ˫һ̧֮䣬оŸħӤɳŸħӤȫħڣʵȴǿ
ġ
΢Ů˫ֽӡǰһϹֳϹʱסˡ
һߣЩħ˼״ʱǧ涡˴£ֹǰħʥԪˣʱԶָ
ɱ
⣬һʱٴɱ˫ɱһף취裬ѤĿ
ƽơ
ϣĴħ۶һۣ˲ԥϹŽƴȥһʱ䣬𵴲ֹһЩ죬Ѿʼ׹䡣
ˡ
棬歷˺µ˾ʱΣȻһ⣬˳ȥĪ˫㲻Уٶ֮죬˴ȴ޼ܼ
׻̸ŷȥֻ˫ֲϽӡ߼ȥʱ䣬߼ٴι⻪Ŀ̻ޣ¾ǳ֮ħۺ;Ĵ۵ķԵֵ⡣
ţ
϶ħ·赲һʱüŭĿ˫һħԾ콵٣Хų
Сģ
ʱζѵҪԸӹĸϾ˼Щħʱֻһ𣬾廯ǧɾԣһڽЩħɲ١
ЩħǵУһײϣҿ˺ҧܿѪ죬Ƭɡ
塭
ȫѪӣδ벻һһһɲǣ֮кȻʯףǹɷðԼٶȣħײȥ
䣡
ЩħײУɱʱʯһײʱҷ𣬶ʯǵڻδߵġϡ
ǡ
ʱδʯףвһ˿ɻ
ɶķˡ
Լħ걻һһ𣬳ħۺȻŭٶȳ֮ʱƺķ򣬺Ȼһ𵴡
һͻ𵴣Ҳһܿ죬ǹʧΧһУֶָƽ
ţ
Ĵƺķ򣬸ղһ̣Ѿܵһɼǿħֻħһɡ
Ѹƽƣʱ˾ŵľӹĸȻϱ߶˴ȥһ
ߣ
ħһߣ±ʵһ̣ٲԥ١
һɲǣȻʧɫƱȾĴոӿ£ʱɫһףһ̣һѪͬ߰׻ˣԱ˳ȥ
룡
һһ˲˹ȥǻסɴʱܡ١Ĺ߼ͻȻâȥѾ֧Ųסˡ
ˡ
ߣɫۼһڰϮܹסħһ
ء
ʱһƷХ˾ӱһ쫷ӹʹһ˲䣬ɣһ·˳ȥƾһ֮Ӳǵס˳ħֲһ١
ء
ʲֹԳ·ʮʹ࣬±ߣˮÿ޳ˣ
ССϹޣ£
ͻȻĴһСķɷĺڻ𣬾ëţһս֮ʱɢˣǷʹȻƾӴ赲ħ


1944 죡
𣡡
󣬾Ĵۺͳħͬʱ֣˺һεȾһ´Уڵֵסһ쵹˻ԭ֮һ±ȸСήҲ
ء
ˮڻһʱ۲ѣˮۿֱת
ؿǻͣ
ĳٶٴγֹħӿ˵Ԩ֮ʱƺǱߣͻȻ춯
һɿֲ֮÷ԲʱǱ߶ܵɿµ𵴡
ħҪˣ
ĳٶ˲òסƣҲȫסˣԼԼֻƺǱߣһµһɷһħ졭
¡¡
£һɲǣƺķӡȫһɿֲܳܵסһ˲䣬Ȼ޴棡

ɶ˶ͻһĻˣֻƺħһ½סˣֱȾĴ۵ջҪ£
һɷһħ죡
һԺҲڷԺǰ·ֳ˺ƺƷħֵһĻ

һ̣֮ͻȻһճħԪ
ˣˣˣ
һ˶һ̣ӹĸҲһ£ǡ
һ˲䣬ȾӹĸӦĵﴦȻһɳ֮䡱һûзľӹĸϣ󵹷˳ȥ
ĸ
±ǧ涵˶ˣղʲô
ҲĿɿڴոǵΪθоʱƺǱߴϢЩƣħħƷǷ𣬾ǰħ
һ˲䣬ĴȫȷˣղŸܵϢһɡħϢħͬʱ֣ѵǡղǸһɷһħ죡
ȡ죡
һֻƺ𣬴˿ɱž켫桢ħڣȵأͬʱȻֻ⼸طж֫Ƶص׷ӡħգ
ǡǣ
˿ڳˣǰħĶ֫޲ŵûɢڶŽž֮صģһ࣡
ʱӡصħͻȻ⣬ȻֻԼĸ֣⻯죡
ĸһ£ʧˣħҲʧˣ·ûгֹ켫ħڣǼž֮أһɲǣðޱȣҲκħ
⻯죡
ĸ֣һ쳹죬Ȼһ˲䣬ܵʣǱ˺˳һѷ죬ħȻѷз˳ͬʱƺ
ʲô
ڳ˲޷ţղǿʲôħն
츺ңңħ꣬ħ𣡡
ʱһֱֲƺǱܴħʱַԲٲգ
һ̣ıͷסˣڣħǳˣ
ɿħ£˶ŵĵѣһ̣ǲ֪ʲôĿֲ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
֮䣬һصĽŲÿ̤һһ
һƬӰֹ˾ѣڿˣȻһɵħӰ
ħϣ˫̤أֻħ֮ʵ̫ӴԼɵ죬Ҳֻظ֮䣡
ʲôϹŽƣʲôӡ·˿ֻ̣Ҫ̧һƬ죬ֱﻯɻң˿ǾĴۣħۣǰСһˡ
ǡ
񲻸壬ֻǴħ˫ֺʮǰһ飬飬һǷ飬һߣȻһſͷã
ٿͷͬһǷһȴ׹Ԩħü֮ϣһѪɫġeӡŵġdӡǡǡ෴
ǰħδħӣǴ˿̣һĪϤУֲ׺ɣĸо˵ǰʶǴҴ½ãã
Ȼ졭
һ̣ӹĸҲסˣ۲ţħۺ;ĴˣٴУŵؽ䱸ܹ˺µģǼ
졭
±ǧ涡ˣ֪ӹĸʱе˭Щħ͸ǲ֪ˡ
ӹĸԶħګګ꣬ߣ֪ζħǱ˵ħ죡ǰ죬ǡ졯һ
졭
Ҳګګؿǰħԭ죬ħһô
ţ
ʱȻһɻħڴˡ
׹һ㣬˶һЩ΢ĩ֮ˣܲס
ħ
仰ڳ֮ˣַ׷ױɫ˵磬ħ֮أн޳˹磬ҲãҲգƾֶͨΣҲٴӹˡ
Ǵ˿̣ħ˵仰ʲô˼ѵǰĴۣħۣӹĸˡ
ȼȱ棬㲻ٳ
ף˵ʱ̧ƣһɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫڳˣʱɫ䣬仰ʲô˼
Ȼ䣬뵽ʲôһʼʵͺ֣ǳΪθԼȻԼ˵һ仰ҸǼλˣ˯꣬ΪλʱͻȻѵʵǱħˣ
⣡
˰ˣؽб䣬һΣ˼䣬ж⣬硭ڣص죡
ʱħۡĴۡӹĸҲɫһ䣬һ˲䣬Ҫ˴
ߣ⻯죡
һ̧һɲǣԲأǱӡסˣĴ֮ǰġաһɲǶɢȥˣھ֮ϣ췣ȴȫ赲ˡ⻯쾳棡
ûκܹ롰족ġ⻯족ǾĴۡħ۶˱ڴҲһ


1945 ͻ
⻯졭ˣ
ӹĸħۡĴۣ˾԰Ƿǳġ⻯족жôֲʹˣҲ޽⡣
һ˲䣬Բ޴ɶӣǧ涺һħˣҲŵûɥɿֲϢ֣Ҷ
ħʥҲǾֲʤǴʱħ˶޴ӣδ
⻯쾳
һ̧һħ֮ǬھĴϷȻһɫ֮϶δһɫ֮϶ȻӰ
䣡
һ죬Ϊһ֮϶Ĵδܱܿһ˲䣬ǳˣ·˲仯Ϊҽһһ֮϶ͬʱʧˡ
ġ
Ĵ۸ղǿֲ³ħۺ;ӹĸһ𣬶·ħˣʯ
ˣҲӣ
һ̧֣ƺƷħ֮ӿɢȥ˲еϢ
ħ۶ʱ¶֣ΪʱͷϷһ͸ղȥĴһ֮϶

ǰ˵˭±߳һȻڸͷ֮϶ɫһ
һ˲䣬˷Ӧһ֮϶˲Ϣ䡱һͬղžĴ۵³һħҲ˲ˡ
λħ۶ŵûɢӹĸʾɫɱǣһ˲䣬ͷϷҲһµ֮϶
ĸ
±ߣǧ涵˶ʧ˳һ˲䣬һ֮϶ǳȥ
ˡ
ӹĸ¶֣һ˲ųŵħӰ䡱һ֮϶˾ŵħӰȴһ١
Ӳˣ
һ̧һɲǣھӹĸϱĸ򣬾һ֮϶֣һ£ңҲӲˡ
䣡
һ죬ĵ֮϶ͬʱɶһ˲䣬ӹĸҲС
ȫž˶ŵòҶħʥ಻⣬ʱõ
棬׹һ㣬ŸղһĻ̶Ƭ̼䣬һ֮ǿӲֶΣֱħͷǰʣµģЩħˣԼħʥ
ħ಻ó˼䣬𣡡
ʱһ̧һɫšdӡȻģһɽɫ𻪣ƾ٣
䡱һɣħ˲𣬰ǧ涡ڣ˶ûܹӦ
һĻǾˣʱ˲ھѹһħһȴǷ𣬶ʱŵģǡ𡱵һ룬ȻǷǱ㲻ħ䡣
ʣħʥʱǿֲģŵȫҲҳһڣֻŶԷֱܹӵǡ
ȻԸΥգĿ⻹ϣ˵ʱһһ̣类֮۶һ㣬ҲҶ
ӷﲻ
һ̧֣ʼʱ֣Ҫˣħʥʧɫ㡭ģ¡ʲô
ִ
˵գһǷԴءȡ䡢ˣֻӡһˡ䣬ħʥ˲֮Уҷ
Ǿֲѣ˼ЩħȷʵǷˣһħӣʵ˿־岻
ѵķԣħѹԣʱǷ̧֮䣬䣿
ţһ
ʧ֮ʣͻȻܵһµĿ⣬ֻϣ۾쿴˹
һɲǣ׹Ԩħ֮£ҲҶ֡
ߡ㲻ˣ
ͻȻֻһ̧֮УһɫdӡһdӡаɳСֻһƴСȴȻ
û뵽һǡdӡȻǳһ
ϣ
ɫһ䣬һ˲ƾǵΪǶʮ˾һܵסһ
һdӡδѱһɿɳȥdӡʱڿ壬ԭǹһǹʱվԵǧѣ
䣡
Ǹʱ𵴣ɫһ䣬ôǧѡ

û˲䷴ӦһǸҲǧѣ³֮ǰħʥЩһҷˡ
ʦ㣡
ˮϴ󾪣һ˲䣬ֻ֮ϣȻһӰƮƮȫ֣֮ǲǧ

ʵţȻӴħһǹˣ


1946 ǧѵ
ʦ㣡
ܸղһоգˮɷףн˴ԭأҲҶһ¡
ߣ
һߣȻ֮䣬ϳ˷ֱǧѹһһΣǧ֮ϣ񣬽ķ𷨣ȫܿˡ
ô¡
±޲¶ɫһǲ֪ΪΣħͻȻǧѷ
ǧѵ۶δҲ̫ǿˣֻȫɹ֣ٶȾȻȸղžӹĸЩ˻Ҫ죡
ҲϢ⵽ô£ΪλͻȻǧѣ
һɲǣȻʲô¸ʱƺ춯󣬲һʧˣǧͻȻųɹ¸
Σ歷˵ڵʱǧ죬֮ǰڷʱħϢԨʱܸоǧҲڸ
ءȡ䡢ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ӡֻӡһذ㣬𻪣ǧġ
ʦ㡭
ˮǧѱǴħһ¸ǻʧɫҪȥɴʱȴһ˲䵲ǰˮҪ
˿Ȼ֪ħΪҪǧѳ֣ˮһɻصħֻ֣ˮҲŹ
ʱ·˶ס˺ħûղŶԸħħʱһֱ⻯쾳ֶȥǧѣǽǧ֮УΪΣ
ͻȻ˷˼֮ʣֻǧ˫ֲϽӡдʣʱᷨӡǵӡǷŽӡ
ǰ붮ʱһɫӡ³ϳ˷𷨣Ϊξ֮
һͬСɣǵˣ޵۶ΪȻͨ˸ķ֮
ֻнӡһԣȻһ±ȥˣһɫ⣬ʱɢ
ôܡ
˸ţˮͷβסˣ֪ʦȻ𷨣
ʲôˡ
һ̣ŮҲ¶˻֮ɫϳ˷Ҳδһ˼֮ˣ˷žѧŮʲô
˾֮ʣȻһ춯صֻǴħͻȻ̧˫֣ͷͷϣǸѪɫġeӡͻȻһɫĹâĳּǿӡ

˫ͷʹ಻ѣұϵĽɫ𻪽Ȼȥȡ֮ģһħ
ˣ
˾вֻ֮䣬ȻħĿֲǴħϷ𻪽ȥľһԨµħ
һɷһħ졭
ֲٴλصؼ䣬һɲǣڳ֮޲֣ķʧˣħѹˣ
⻯쾳
ͻȻһɫ֮϶ǧͷһ̣ڱɫ֮϶ɶ˲䣬һӰ˹ȥһ죬츽߼Ҳ˲۶Ϊһһâ˹ȥ
𣡡
ħ֮£һ۹ȥӰǧѣԼ߼һ˲ʧˡ
ʦ㣡
ˮʱֻеһڣҡҡ׹ղһĻȻǧú֮ǰħЩһ³ڴħ⻯쾳ֶ£ҷˡ
ʵ˿ֻлδղһ˲䣬ðչȥǧѣ˲˲Ĳ硣
ʦ㣬ʦ㣬ҪҪ
ˮ϶ʱ£Ѹٹȥסˮû£ˮûµġ
ءʦˣħɱˡأ
ˮֹıǱ˭Ȼ˿Ӧڣղһ˲䣬Ȼûʧ֣ɹǧѴ˲Ǹ档
𣿡
˶Ŀղһ˲䣬ǲûпǧѷɹȥǵӰʲôֻħ֮϶£ǧһ˲ҷˣʲôû£Ϣˡ
ء
ˮǿֹһһᣬϣʪʪȵġ
ţ
֮ϣ־ֽѣҲ֪ûɱǧѡ

ʱ޵Ĳ
ǣ
ǧѿǰƬŵ磬һʱȻղһ˲䣬˾һˣ磬ȻһƵϹ硣
ǲ޵硣
˹˿ȻŲߣǧѸܲϢҲ仯
ȵȣ˭
һ̣ǧѺȻǰŲߣ·İȴϤˡ
Ϥģһ˫۾һô仯۾仯Ϊʶ֮ˣһϳ
Ȼشң˭
˿̣һһƽˣµһ˫۾˼ֺĹâ


1947 ֮
㵽ʲôˡΪǴħ֡
ʱһһǧ߽ǧӭĿ⣬ʱ˿ܿ˭Ȱժ£㶼Ŀʾˣ㻹ʱ˭ⲻЦ𣿡
ǧѻһ˵꣬ȻϣժĲߣһˣĵôĵӣѵ֪ε
ҿ
ǧ˵ţһǰ֮죬ҲĿ
ʲô
һ½ֵǧӰһΣ˲ߣһ죬̽
ÿ
һµס֣ǧϸỬһֱֱۣ̽ȥ
һˣָұ㲻ˡ
ð
ǧѴʱ˼ֵƤһ˵꣬һθѸݣ磬ǧѷ
һְסϲߣֵֻסĹƣˣˣûòҾ㣬ӦлҲǡ
ߡ
ǧһߣ㻹ûң㾿˭һԣұǴħɱͺ𣿡
һʣѾ֪ԼˣȻƤǧѼҲˣˣһ֪㣬ժ߰ɡ
ߡ
һڽժ£ǧѿ»¶Ϊղ˼ţǰˣʦأǣΣˣ
ǧѣ㵽ʲôˡ
ʱһһ˹ǧʱĲʣһĿȴܲ۾ұңǰңڻңʦ磬㻹ǲǵãǰϡ
ˣ
˵ʱĿ俴شңΪʲôǴħṥ㡣
ô֪
ģ̌ͷͦأֱ׳صǴħ񲣬Ҫ˭˭Ϊҳ֣ͻôԼ֪Լڻʲôң˭˭
һķʣ޴ʵϵϳ˷𷨣Ժδϰ
ǧдǺˣʱӭĿ⣬ܲˣ侫ڣΪβϰ淨ղҲˣħǴħӡ
ŬҪʱһЩ仯Ȼʼգǧվǰûκα仯ûһ˿˸
ҡ
ǧѿһһЩϸ΢仯ȴǶһ˿Թɫţһ·ˡһЩ֮أһЩħħȴ죬֪Ժδ𣿡
Σ
ѻ˵꣬ΪϣҲ棬һ˿ħϢǲħ
ǧѵ˼ģɲֹһ졣
Ĭ˼Ƭ̣Ҳټ׷ȥˣ׷Ҳ޹ǧѣСһЩղ˶ˣǴħ֣֪ζʲô𡭡
Σ
ǧѴʱȻη壬ߵ£ǰ˵˵ȥ˵˵ȥҺΣ
뵽ǰΪôߣ۶Σ񵱳ԼΣǧȥ
ʱȻһ𵴣ǧ̽䱸Ǵħˣ
Ӧ洫𵴡
һ𵴱ֹͣˣǧ߽һЩͷ·ǰʱʦ磬Σ۽ʲôһҪҺ𡭡
仰ֹ˵һˡ

ʱ棬ɫĿֲħһЩֻǾ֮ȥ𽥱õͳ졭
˾ע£˫һ̧⻯죡
һɲǣǾ֮ϣǱ˺ѳһѺۣȻĿ֮£ʧǵѺ۵С
ǾþԻعãĲħɢȥˣĺҲɢˣһ⸽һЩٻɵ·ʲôҲûз
ħʧˣ
ʱع뵽ħ˵һ䡰족ѵǱžȥˣ˲ȥĵطȻֱնȥˣ
澪ɫ֮ʱ֮ϣȻֳӰȻǸղʧǧѣǸŲߵ֮ˡ
ʦ㣡
ˮǧѰȻ£һּӿ˳ǧһʱһư㣬ƮȻˮǰὫţˮûˡ
Աƺˮⲻһ
һߣŮҲɻ
ţߡ
ƺ֮ϣҲԥˣδ룬߷ȥˡ
ʱ˲ŷӦѵղһ£ִħֵ¾ǧѣˣղһ߼ʲôˡ
ϣǡ
ʱګګŲԶȥӰȻ֪ˣϡ
һѡ
˵Ҳȥһѣ˵ãǲȻأܲ˵ҡ
츽ָֻƽһû뵽ˣղǴħӰǻ·һš
ƺķȥ۽һΣȴһ׮£ԺٲΪƺ֮¶ˡ
Ҫ𣿡
˰֮ʱȻһ˾һ㶣ѭȥȴ΢Ůȥ
˹ɽˣԪĸ֪ŵĹϵǴ඼̸ܶˣҲڴ֮ͥ£ʳһ仰
Ůȴ̫˼飬ûʲôɻ䣬ֻǵã˵أһʦӡ
ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷڻ̫飬οˣûܣ
ʦ֡
ȥˮЩʧ䣬ϣʲôʱʦܻȥʦʦ֣ǱˣʦڣҲԺʦһÿˣʦֱ𴲣ȥ֣ȥˮϪһеĳ
ˮǻȥɡ
գګګˮ΢Ůۿ˿Ǽʦá
ʱΧ˶ħҲãҲգοʦʼʦ
š
΢ŮҲˣתӵҪȥӣȻɽɡ
ǣŮۡ
ӹ˹֣Ů֮£ȵĹŮ֮ءڹһʱ䣬ǴʵϣȴΪ˱
ʱҲλɽ΢ŮۣҪȥŵӣк£ȻЩҲ֪ˡ
ءˣڷɲˡ
ˮŻƣС۽ۣʱʦǲӰҲֻϵ棬ʱɵԶĵطȥһ֮ǰɽ
ڤ㣬ΪΪΪţ
΢ŮԱߣԪһϣԪڣһƺָֻ࣬Ԫųգһ˫۾̬䡣

ˮΪЦְֲ䣬Ǣ
߰ɡ
Ůָһһǰ˱һɽķȥˡ
ʧĵط֮ǰˮ˵ɽƺһЩ⣬ڣȷʵϾ˴οΣоաֻһͷĴ飬ں档
һΣҲ뽫ӵûˣ˵ʥǧ

ʱǧ֮⣬뻨δȥ
ǧѣ׸˵ʲôˣ
һ·ϣδԸоЩԡ
ûʲôδ룬߰ɡ
ȥذ˻𣿡
ʱأȥһط
ǰһƬõϼδʱҲһ׹ˣҪȥĺ˻ģڤڤûؿӵ
ǡ𣿡
ԡ
ʱҲú֮ǰЩ̫һˣв˼䲻мĶ֣һڤѣѪУܽϼһû
š
δͷʱֲ뵽꣬ɱžʱڵĿӣʱԼȥڣǴӦһ벻һŵʱʮ֣ܶһΣҲҪڤѿӵû
߰ɡ
˸㻯һâʷȥˣΪҪȥĺ֮ڤ׾٣ȵȥ麣ࡣ

ţ졣
ض¡¡ɽ壬𵴲ֹҺüλʮⲼ󷨣ǿҵֻ·Щ̼ͻҷˡ
ϡϣ
ˡߣߵ󷨣챻ˣ
ʦãڴ˶֧Ƭ̣ȥȥ
˵ţָһ˲仯һâɽȥ󷨲죬Ծ
ֻɽ壬Ĵγһʮɫ⣬ɽ棬һɼǿҪʱ߷ѹһ·ܻһС
ŵǴħϮҲûд˴ôֲڴǧɽ·վҪһɽ壬Ҫλϵֻ֮Ѿȥˡ
ϡϣ
ʱԶȻӣ壬˿Ҳֻһˣ֧ߵ󷨣ĵӸϹܷʲôæ
ϡҪǰæ𣿡
ǿһ֧֮󷨣ʵ𺳣ϵΪҲ̫˰ɡ
أȥ⼸忴ûɶ֮
áã
ԣָϽȥˣƲ֮䣬ƮƮȫ£һ㷨
ֻһ̨̲ˮϪۣ֡⼸طֱһ֮£ʱ䣬帽֮ϣȻϼɣȹ
ʱոչȥߵ໹ֻˣλΪ͵ĳϣǣʦˣԹ
󷨺ô
޸ʱް
໹ĸ֧ͬƬ󣬿ɹƬ̣üԽԽʵʦã֪˴߷·ͻȻΪΣ
Ĭ˶߷֮£ѹһԻԨ˼̶աԨǡաȪ죬һ̶ĳ֮շپĳȣǵļ᲻ɴݣյȪĿϤȥδ֮
Ԩеһƥеǿӡ
źŽ˱㶼Ϊ߷ǰ۲µķӡŦʵԶԶûô򵥡
˿̣໹Ĭʵʦã뵽ˣ
ȻûлشĻʵʦֵı£ɿĪʦ֡治֪
˴˿̣Ȼ˴˴գֻǣ˶Ը⿪ڣ˵


1948 ڤ
档
˶ӳĬãֵͬ˳
໹ǰ󷨣˵֪֮дɣʵΩ޵֮ȣ޵סԻ档
˵˴ֻعͷŲԶʦãഫ磬ޱ޾̫ʱڣħ֮أн޳ħ𣬷ߣٳ
ͣͣ໹ֿǰƬ⣬˵ܲ͸磬п϶֮ʦǷΪ߷壬ʵΪӡŦڡ
֮Ĭã˼ķӡֻһ
໹عͷ˼⴦ӡֻһطܻУֻ߷棬ӡŦڣһŦȥôӡӦҲˣһܹ跨򿪹һ϶
˿ϴϮбΡ໹룬˵
ʵ֮ǰϮһ£Ȼûбô򵥣濴ȥ߷壬ֻǵ۲˼ķӡԷֹٶ˼䣬飬Ҫ˼䣬ҪƳ˷ӡԲ࡭
һпƺйء
գɽ𵴲ֹ޲ֿ̻֣̿ʱʱϱһϼӰȻϼ֮ϣһվϼϣ˾Ϊ·ɴϸһƣŮǲˮʦ𣿶ұѵŮӣǧʦ㰡
мλӣһʱôˣŮӳƣɹĸϵһʵ˾ȡ
ʦʦ
ˮǱ߻ʱϷάȶʱէϼ̧ͷ΢ŮĿԣƶ˳˼

ҹɫˮæŴˣϮǰӳ룬ֻӲء
ʱ覣ϣǰƬϹɾհ죬ħ֮·Ŀ
ؽգˮӦѾص˰ɣ΢Ůȥʦˣ֪˼棬Ρ
һ
ʱɽºȻһӰ¹֮£ֻ˰覣˫һ㣬һߣȾζ
ôˣ
հʱûпΪˣԭ죬ʱü΢ӣʲô֮һټζˣˣûʣ죬Ŀĵʲô
ζ㻹ǵãڹɽʱ˵һ𣿡
˭
һʱ벻ˣԼ˵˭
ζһߵ±ߣԶɵ֣˵ٶǰǸҵˡ
ޣ
ôһ˵һˣڹɽʱζ˵˱츳ߣЩŴο̽ҽַ̫֪˺£ձңӴ˲֪١
ζҲ̫츳ߣһѰĿǰҵѶԸүүͼλֻ̫֣ҲյϢ֪˼ǳħ桭
Ŷ
Ŀһ˻ֻΪ˱𣿡

ζҡҡͷüƬ̺ŵ㻹ǵãʱ˵ģ𣿴ʵĿģҵһʧȥӴңҪЩУҲ롭
ԭˡ
ˣ˵˴ΣĿġ
ζ̧ͷĿӣ𣿻˵ҡ
ǰ㡣
ĸ˵ǰζңѽкθϵ
ڹɽʱӦζһ֮ʱԭǣҲ֪κˣպ󣬴ǻѰΣѣһһ֮ʱҲ¶ݡ
ʱζһãʵǵʱ𣿡
ʵҲһֱ룬֮˿ĳ֣ʱΣδ˵ĸףңдţֻǶԴ»Īѡ
ǰƺ˵ʱһһѹ㡣
ѣ
ζüһһ±뵽ǸŲߵӣ˵˺֣񣬺˵ʱЩĪơʵ˭
һѡ˵
˿̣ζߵǰ۾ɻ󣬵ǿʵ˵ѣǲԼ
ţ˵޷ζϸ˫ۣδ˵תȥ
ζתߵǰţ
ת˹ȥζ˻Ŀԣڵ֮Ȼȥʱλѣһ
ðɡ
ζǽŽɣǻ˿̵Ļǻɣ˵Ǹѣ᲻Լ

˵ͻδ룬֮˱⣬ڤڣ˴麣ƣҪ˵ͬĻû麣ǿֲĳϫȴһɸ˵ɭϢ
һ·ϣغǣǰ׹·ǰһֲǰ̨ףȻ޴׹ɣߣ׹ãЩ׹ãһ˿ʱۿﲻϷ̹âѰŵûɥ
ذ׹ǣãԶһѪ̳֪ʲô˵ش͸Ź죬˽ǰһЩ塣
ʲôˣôڤǰһɱ⣡
ʱǿֲһȻĴǲ뱾˵ڤҡ

Ѱ£棬ʱɳˣиΪڤϣɴʱδ֪ˣ˶ֻԶԶš
ͬĻ˵ڶ飬ʮϢ֮ڣҾͽΪƽء
Ӳ´ԶڤЩӳϣ޲һˡ׺ηʥĺ˻ڤ£
ʱ֮£ڴһĵ֪գڤкιɡ
ǰĵӳϣһæ߸£ӭأ
˻䣬ֻǴ֮ϣȻ˷ƾ£һڷлһڷڴǰ棬Ȼһӡ
ǺĿҰףˣɻϢȴΪ£ǿΪϢⷽԲǧϹ꣬Ҳ
ˣǰ˻֮һڤ


1949 ֮
ǿΪϢһ̣ѾܵˣϾǰ˻֮һ˵Ϊɲ⣬ֻ֮ϣ֮£ϻ⸽ǧϹ꣬Ҳ
˵Ŀӣ·𽣼ϵķâǰڤӳϣʱȻϥûڤһ仰˸ֱ
˿̣ڤһһ̨Զٴοڣ֪ڤкιɡ
ȻΪ˻֮һڤһŲߣ֪Է˭
̨ܹ֮Уֻһ
Ŷ
ڤĿ⣬Ծǧ̶һ䣺ҪģǺ
һλ˵ġ
ŴԣǰЩϵӾһһλ˵ʲô
ڤĿ⣬øˣλˡ
ʥ
ĸ֣лǴڤϵӣǻһɫɷף·һ㣬ĸ֣ػصڴأ
ţֳգһ±ụ̈ͻȻڤͷЦԭˡ
ȴƽƽΣʥӡǧ꣬տǿϹ黹ˡ
šʱһڤĳϿɫǰҰ
˵𣡡
ڤһһɾ³顱һһ½ǳѪ˳ȥԱߵ˸ŵɫͷҲҶһ䡣
ڤתͷٴȥЦ̲ܽϣòЦˡ
ôҪĶԸ𡭡
ǰȥ̤صİ׹ǣδԣԪۣ׼ʱ֡
һ±øӱˣڤʱκһ˿ɵЦ˵Ҫ𣿲
˵
һһǰ˵ľԽԽˣ⸽ҲȻһ磬Χİ׹ãʱĹХֱ֮˲
ڣǰǴĳϵӣȻֱڴʱλǿϢ£޲ɪɪ
ڤ˫ۣһһ˵Ȼ֪˻ףڤԶֹǰһ㣬ԽҶ֮ȷʵԺڤǡ
˵˴ּڤ߽һЩҶ˲Ҿͻزսʮ̫徳ǿߣʮǲǾͶʮʮ̫徳ǿߣӦܹһ˲䣬ﻯΪ˰ɣڤ˵ء
˪вڤˣֹȻնԷֻǰ˵ϢԸǹڤˡ
Ŀ⣬ԣڤҪ˵ȷջ뿪սʮ̫徳ǿ𡭡
˵ء
߽һЩˣ˾룬Ѳ֮䡣ʱ˭֣ܹشԷǣڤðܱ֤Ǹˣ𡭡
ʱվǰģֻһ֮ͲͬˣϾ̫Ű˻ˣֻ̫صͥĴڣ˥䲻ǰɶʮ޹УȻǿơ

Ϊ֮ʱֻڤȻͷһЦһ̧ˣȥڤ꾳ǧ꺮ף
ǡǣ
ŵû겻壬ĵȥˡ
ǰڤʶʱΪܡڤȻûñʧ
˿̣ڤɱҲֻܽŭǿȥðգǰ˻ףڤ˼޼ɣɱϾԷ̫Ű˻ˣһɲ˶вգԷϼʮ̫ʥ֮ǿǰҪӦ
ʱ֮ǰĵĳϱ̧һھųߺףڤһ£̧̻̲ź
ǧ꺮ףκ˵棬ḯǧ֮ȻѨһܵˡ
˿λС׷£һɺʱֻǹг˯֮ˣɫ󣬾Ȼһòʮ߰˵ӣüһӡʹûκϢȥҲΪ
ǿӣ
δһ죬ԭΪǸü𩷢ߣɾû뵽ȻһӣһʱЩ
⵹Ҳ֣ʥڤ֮ʱһˣ޳ղ˥Ҳʲô֮¡
ڿ⸱ģȻڶˣѲ統꣬˥ϣοʱɽʧܣڶĵְ㣬٣˥飬ȴʧܣԪ˥󻹱סӡֱ꣬ǵù벻˥϶ѡ
ڵºͰҹλʥϳȻƾŵʥĻԪϢˣģα仯һƻԪϢǾת֮󣬷򶼲ı䣬ΪڤĻʥºͰҹ˱Ͳͬڳˣܹϳ
˿̣Źӣ벻ϼһǰͦģ˵ԼǲôһЩԺǼϼһأƺЩΪѣΪѵģӦ˰ɣ
һֱǰأʦĹˣʦĹˣȴͻȻһӣǶʱӦ
ǧˣ㻹ʲô𣿡ڤ
һŴӹջĿ⣬ʵһƱԪڣ
Ǵ°ҹ˵첻ڤӡˣһƱԪҲ˶ԷǱԪһһɱϾʥѰ֮
ڤԪͲüĵӡ֮УԼɣ
ӡ
ʲôӡû˵ʱüһӡȥл֣ʶڤӦʱԷˡ
ţߡ
һ죬ٶԣ̧뿪֮ʱ΢΢תͷŶˡǧǰĶԹͲˡ


1950 ǽ
뿪ڤǧ꺮췽ȥʱǧȴٶȻδʵڤҪǲϽӵĻ϶ʮ̫徳Ϲ𣿡
תͷ˿ЦŻġ

δЦǰϣһ½ߴûˣժ͸͸
ҡͷһЦֵʱҿǰתӣûסЦҺûЦȻʹˣȥҶʮ̫徳ǿ߸ʱǧľǶҳˣҪҪˡ
δʱ˵ţָϹ˹ΣƤ˵ô£Ҷˡ
תͷ˿еǧף˵񡭡Ҳȴϼһһ׮ԸˣǿЩȥȻȥ֮󣬻Ҫȥһط
ȥʲôطδ֮ǰδԼ˵ʱЩɻ
ҡ
֣е˳һɲǣҲƱЩ̫һˣκЦ⡣
ң
δҲһ£ͻȻȥʲôܶǰиˣ˳ȥ񣬻ˡ
ţ
ôһ˵δˣΪλͻȻ뵽ȥңο֪һ̣뵽ʲô죬Ǹζģüȥġ
Ŷ֪ˣһ˭˵ģûаֹϵ⻰˭˵ģ
ʱδѧŵĵӣĻ˵˳ȻһбƳƳдб֮ɫһȥñ˭졭
˭˵ˣ
δͦأֱ׳Ȼã׷ǹʵģôɻɽʸأСҿпɶء
Ҳ˵ǽ㡣
㣡ˣˣӶҪ
û
㡭
ˣδ룬Ǹûȥˡ
˵ţһסǰȥδȴʵĴؿڡ

ɱžʱ߿գ켫Ϊֻʶһ֪̽·һУ켫ΡȻǰħƷӡδ̫ƻеߣŵòᡣ
գ㲻ȥˣֻҴһƳӳϷ߿ӹʱڳ棬һЩͨûвϢ켫˪⼸ȴһЩϸӦһ˿ǿϢӹ
ֻһţҲǴһɼصѹϢУһЩڱչĳϣһɲǶѹˣڸղţǸܵһλǿߵϢӳϷ߿ӹ
ʱ켫µҲһۣ绨ѩļ֮ղһŵϢѵǡλС

ɽʹʱҲûпֻңңһۣǷѩɽϵɹںʱӦһʶ۾ɵ֮ʱѩ죬ûκ˵Ϣ
ոա

֮ͻδѾصƼˣʱָ򣬵Ҳˣڹ·֮ϣӱָű䡱ɾһɲǣȻһ̧ͷ֮Уãüᶨ󶨸һǧɣ
ǰôˣǰ
溲֪ǰΪͻȻδǰʱ飬ʯһôҲӦ
ʱһŲȻӰſڡ
Сӣ㡭
Ӵʱڻعˣ۲ŵؿص˵ǰȴԸ
㡭û˵
ȻоɫȻ˿ָǣȥڤһ£Ȼûǰ˵һ
ǡ˵ʲô
Ƕ˴ʱ׹ڴʲôաʱȻһʵ֮
˽һΪʲôǿ׷״ӹ¥ˣһȴ⣬һ˾ſںףԱ߻һˣ˽Դߣⲻæ
ܿ죬ķѴʱɾҲ֪ʲôĸоƽվʱʲôоžԼֺÿһЩˣ
š
һͣǧ꺮ױϷȥֽסߵӶȻ⺮Ǻ
ˡ
𻰲˵ֱδƮȻԶȥգ۱ʧƼ˻δعʱԱߣŶʧƼʣʵϣ˭
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ƺ֮ϣعͷ򺮱¾ǣ
ʥ
ĸ֣е˳ӡӦ˵죬ѾûڻҲѾԶԶ˵꣬ܿ죬ʵᳬ
Ҫ츳Ļʥ츳Զʤڤ꣬ΨһһδʥȴԽʥǿҲˣڤһ֮£֮ϡ
ڣˣԪҲˣüһӡڤǧҲĪġ
ͲҪȥĳԼȥɱڤȻΪµڤס
츳ʵټǿµ̫Žֻ֮ؽԽκһɱˣڤҲ⣬޹ֵ꣬ڤôɵҪֻؽ
˵һͳ˻ģΪΨһİ˻ףǰ˻֮һ

澳
λвȺɽƣﻨ㣬ʮֳ棬ʤռڵļط壬ȻգȴΪ֣üɽ󣬶Ѿҡҡ׹ˣǰɽ壬Ѿ˻ȥ
ԶϴɱľȾѪɽʯѣ˫ˣɱǽһذѪɺӣһ˵á
ҡˣ
ɱ֮УֻһȫѪҵӣϴء߼˹һʬ壬һӣߣλϣհɱĵ˻˳ȥ
¾ţ
һλͬѪתȫѪ׵ͷҲѪȾˣӦǵ˵ѪǼԭغɫʱȴ˰ɫۣѪӦԼˣΪ£һĿĵĽˣڲѪ˿¼磬ǿ²ҲҪشˡ
Ѫİ׷ߣμ磬ҲζүүһΪζˡ
ⲻԶλҳϣҲѪղΪ˻˵ˣƴȫΪ˲¶ʮѪȪӿһǾĺĿ
⸽˵˲ʬ壬֮˵ģҲн֮˵ģ˫˸ΰɡ
ʱѪĵܵǰɫɷףҭ̨󷨱
˵꣬һɫķɽӺ͡һضѪһǡ
ͬʱһ˵ĴЦҲӹ̨Ǳߴ˹磬ԹԴ֮ţϵһ⣡


1951 
ͻȻλҳϾһֻ̨ǱߣмʮӰΪ׵ģһµӣüһӡﻹסһʮ߰Ů
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Ů毺ãѩϵӵܣͬ϶ˣֻϧųơǧִݻ޽ⲻûɢƮĽˡ
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һ˵ţһȾѪָŮϣϣŮãҲȻǱѨʱ˫ۣȻ˵ļȿ־壬ղۿ
ã
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޽ɴЦһ˵ţһŮ۵ļḧţŮ۾ȴֻܿԶ֣һҲ˵
ſã
˫Ŀѣֻ۾Ѫ˿޽޶ԣһЦð
˵ţֻֻŮ£ȻһŤ֨һŮĲӱŤˣֻ۾Ѫϴ󣬷·𻹿Զ֣աͨһȵʬ嵹˵ϡ
á
Ž磬˷ƵĳȥȻδȿһѷɽ͡һֱȡ׼ǰܳԶһȥѪҽһƬݵȾѪ졣

λҳ϶ԣ˾ˣʱеӣڴ¡
Ǻǡ
޽ϴŲ̵Цһ˹ôûǺûϵеʱ俼ǣȻÿһϢһɱʮˣֱˣɱΪֹ
δ֮ʣԶȻһɫһ˲ܿˣ̫ǿ屻һΣʱеһʹֱ۶նˣѪҽ

һնۺ󣬲δͣ£ǸһȦֻһƬҽ֮ǸʱѪļʮˣһͻĽɱˡ
ڣԶһӰƮƮ̨̤ӣղһɫ⣬
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޽ˣʱɫһѵϢζӦˡ
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ζڴˣɫ΢΢һ䣬̼ȥζôˡ
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ͬʱľ֮۵̹⣬Ҳλ˵ĳƮȥܿʹϵĽˡ
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˴Ȼɫһη濴ȥʱص飬Ҳ¶֮ɫζôˡ
ˡ
ζ棬һ̣Ŀ⽥еĳĽҲ·һ㡣
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ϲһѭĿȥȴ˿ܲ޵ϢֱƬ̺ڸܵʱԷȻҲѾ߷ܽˡ
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ζ߷棬еĳĽһʱ𶶵øˣ֮ϣâ
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ʱԶڴһֻȴˡη塭ٶˣֻˡ
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˿̲ηϵ֮ˣЩͳѪ֮ˣز
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Ȼ޵ΪǳߣΪǳߣҵ̫ˣ꣬ʮѡ
ڣ֮£һӵӰˣֻһѪ˫ѪüҲһѪɫӡ˫֣ؼ
̤գÿǰһӰһ˲ӽηɾ룬֮䣬档
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˶סˣҲǿϢòҶȻĪ˵һĵûмޣǻˣҲûмޣ뿪ҵʱǻûгأȴһһϡ
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˹ЦԽԽˣһ֮ȻҪ㵽Ůҡܲ군ǧ󡭡Ŷõȵǧˣҵ֮ˣ֮ˣһҲܻ
ȭͷԭѾϵ˿ڣʱֱѪ˳ֱۣϡ
ΪԶޣҲûʲôֵģٶǰʱң֮ͬУĸܼޣ꣬޲ҵһ֧ȻЩνġͳѪ֮ˣȻһаʽӲס

һĽХ˴ʱĽֻ֣ζָޣޣڴˣһֲҰ
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СôšǲӦãһǰ
һ±øӽˣŵɫϵĳҲûǰˣʱֻ̲סɪɪ
ޡһУվǳ룬Թаѹǣ֮ǣ
˿̣ǰ˫۵ޣȻ޿ȴƽƽ͵һûκα仯һݱ΢ϵӣĹӣȴƽ
޴СͺܾЩͳѪӡǧС㣬ᱰϥϵģͶãҲˣ񣬿ǡд
аѹǺǡ
޵һЦŴʱüĿ磬ͷ·һ޺޵ؿȴûа취һҲûб䡣
磬գҲ󷨣ԻҴ򿪡
ͻȻ䣬˵ôһ仰ڳĳϣ޲Ծɫһ䣬æתͷζζб䣡ȥ
Ȼ֮ʱ߷壬Ȼ󷨣һһ󷨣Ҳˣһ¡¶˳죬ٻɾȴ᧿Σ


1952 
ˡ
󿪣¶ǰʧɫæζζȥ
ʱ棬һ֮еǾֺ
ҡ㣡Ȼ㣡㰵ж󷨡

棬ֻһ£ͷɢ״񣬷ЦֹѪȻղΪƻ󷨣ԼҲ˲ˣ߹Ƕ˼
£
һԱȴ˸ҶҲ˵ղһʹ೤϶ˣǰˣΪҲͣңҲҵĳϣΪΣȴҪѣ
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ʱҲ˸ϻ棬鿴£ǰΣȻһֲ֪ý߷󷨻ױȥԭ棬Ȼػģ
ˣôĳңЩҾҵҵҲ˲飬ΪνգͻȻ
󷨡ˣ
һڳϣɫ䣬ǸǾʧ룬ԭز֪Ǻá
ԭգҵĶֺͳϣȹ󷨣ʹ߷ӭУΪҲɵֵգ󷨣ô׾ͱȥˡ
ڵã󷨲ûȹڻƻˣƻˣλϸ֣Ҳڸղһˣص˽ֱ֮أңΣѡ
ζԥһ¼̨ȥ󷨵ģ˫һⷽԲǧľ֮ʱάסһ󷨳ױޱֱӴ˹ֶβ̺涼Ź
㡭㣡
ʱһССŮҲˣС磬ӯܿȥǵڹ֮Ǳߣ׺һɽ֮Ůζͬĸ
ڴ˿λϵŮЩƽŵĵϵС㣬ʣʱһһԭز֪Ǻá
ζöˣҡҡ׹ҴǿȶҲֹֻУԽȼü֮ѻҪȫ޸ʮգɵʮֻ֮Щ֣͹ˡ
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λһȣʱɫȴЩȻģַ·ڿҲҪ˵ˣȥ£ȥˣҪ
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״ǼָȥҾҪǻ¼ǧˣǺúûһ£꣬νһ޹ˣġ
ʲô
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סڣҽסڣվͻи޹֮ˣȺνͳѪ֮˵ȭͷ£
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ҡºαᣡ
ɫ侲ڱۣҲʹ֮ɫ⼸ҳϣԭ˶ɷ׵ӣڴʱֺ֡󣬸ǳûѪɫ
ҧ꣬Ϫ츳Զ֮ϣɳǧһˣԣǱ㿴һϵӵܣʲôʸǺ£ǽĳλã
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ЦһΣںԺ͵ѧϵȭߣպñֿˣֳƴǲûͣϪܳܵסȭߣ֣ǻˡ
ʲô
⻰˲ٶǰʱλϣӦöֻ꣬ǡʱڣȻɱˣ
㡭
棬Ҳסˣ㶵ؿԶǼλϣλƽԴ˶ôãôܻɱˡ
ζʱά󷨣飬ûκα仯
ôǽգѾ޻˵ô
ҳ϶ͷһЦ飬𽥱ǸʱҾͶںԺĲ͸ŷ죬ĿһУʱСҳǴҡȵڵʱҲŸҳҿϪڵһҲ۾һҲûУֵֻʬԺһϣڶű˷֣ˡ

Ȼ䣬̬ĴЦȻĿһǼҳһָȥɽأֻǱաһȴֻǱգΪǵĳгϣͳѪĵϵ֮ˣڡһһȻҵĳϣһòȻӣǲǶˣһ˫Ѫ֣ܵ
ô
һܿ죬˶ɧ޲ɫּǼλ϶ͷĬôĳϴ˿ԣǾʵ
ʱһ̧ͷ˵ҵȵ֮¡һѾ֮Եл
ԣһʱ洫һ䵭лһлǰݻ˼꣬ʱл¼䣬ôõ¡
ޣ
˷׷ѭȥ޲һǸɱĺӣޣ˵Ϫ
Ϫ
ʱҲ濴ȥ¿꣬һ׷ԲԣһȴǵӣֻǺߵ񣬱ʮֿˡϪ˵Ҹղԣһ䲻ʵ
ţ˵桭ҽգġ
޵Ŀ⣬һ㣬ǼϵϣǼˣûһתͷӡ
ǣ𣡡
ͻȻЦֿڳϣҲָȥЩˣȨϸýдһѣǿڿ˵ӵܣһһϪô츳ˣȴҪ·ϱƣЩλ𣿹
ҴЦֹʱ¶ʹ֮ɫָȥ㣡ǲѾˣʮǰһˡ
硭
֣ڳ֮ˣȻһ˵Ϫ֣ûм˼ǵãɡ硱֣˲֪һ˲䣬뵱Ϫ֮޹صЩҳϣҲɫҡ


1953 
һ±üžֹǳǣҵӣҲסˡ
ô޻˵ˣ˵ʲôţǾֻȨһ˽λԼ½ñˣΪ磬ϵˣǣҲ񵱳԰Ϫƣң
˵ϽԲ˾ɫʱһλ׷ͯյĳϳ˳ʱټһңȴֻһվ˵Ǳҵģ
ô£
ԣһڵ֮£һֱܲ鳤ҲڲᣬǴഫԣΪȡʲôɽʸɱ֮ĻȻ㱻ҡ
ھǲǱȥģãôǰˣʱζûгء
ꡭ硭Ǳҵġ
Ǻ׷ͯյĳϣ֪Ϊʲôǵͨ죬㯣ֻǲҡͷظһ䡰Ǳҵġ
ҵϣɽҲүү
үүʱүүʱģҲɵýС֡
ҲĬãֻһ֧길ĸ˫¿֧һλֱִһִ˵츳֮ʱڰй۲졣
ϼӲ츳ƷҲʤĵϵӵܣΪԼĵӣӴ˳Ϊϵˡ
ںԣ⼸λ϶овǲˣ֪ǽҲ۵ѣƫƫ츳ˣΪʮʥΪ̳˵ʱЩϣûκһӵ
ַʲôʵ룬αңҲ˵
磬꣬뿪ҵġ
˳Ĭ֮ʱԶʣȻһ˶һѭȥȴֲӰǸܲϢȻԷԡǧﴫĹ򣬹֮ɼһߣ
ζҲɵһ̧ͷ֪ͬԷϢ
˭
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ʲôˣ
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λˡ
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ȻҲǵ֮˿೤϶߷ѾԶѾɼƬӰȫ޽մˡ
ʱɳӰˣȴҵλ̫ϳϣ۱֣֮ϣ֮ǰһֱȹ󷨡
ϪմôҪΣ
˿λ̫ϳϣɫЩɷףȻղһҲЩˣˣǷǳ֮£Ѿȥٶˡ
ҪΡ
ʱ޿λ̫ϳϣصҲ˵𣿽ա֮ˣһҲܻҪңϣԶʧ
ƾ㣡
λ̫ϳϺüŭĿһ˵꣬һɼǿӿɢȥϣһ֣ʱҫ۶Ŀ
ˡ
ζȫʢʱڣλ̫ϳϻֵֿ޴˵̫λ̫ϳϾˣοɲֹһޣĸΪͬˣһ󷨱ƣ֮ѡ
ʦɾڴˣһ֮ԶԸˣʦԣΣɶ֮Խղܻġ
ħ棬ӣˡλ֣ʱ
ĿЩˣ֮Уûκθ飬ѲٽԼ֮ˣ֮ԻգΪһ֣ʱҪ
ǺǺǡ˵
һ˲䣬ħ̷ĸͬʱȥ˷ɽһʱ䣬𵴲ֹ̳ҴǰѾ𣬴ʱĹ£ҡҡ׹ǻζ֧ţȻ
ʱ󷨺Ȼһȱڣһ㣡סȥǱߣ˵գһ߷ȥΪߣȴʮǿ
Сģ
ζɫһ䣬ǻδ䣬ǰѾӰ
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Сģ
סһλɻĳϣڵϣ漴ȱڷȥȷʵܹ˴˺ò׳忪һȱڣָϣ

ǳϴʧɫɺУѾȱǱ߷ȥ󷨳ȱڣζţûκα

Ҳһ˲ɫȻûȽϣһɫӰһ½׽ȥ

Ӱ׽סã棬ζ϶ɫ
үү㡭
Ӱ׽ȥһ±˹ħǰʬģ£ʱŵûʧɫ˳
ٺٺ٣һ¯ӡ
ħ潫׽۷Ź⣬Զ޿ȥģҪ¯ûɣ
һҪԼ¯ŵľѣᣬ棬ζȻɫħ棡ոð֣ұ׷ɱĺǣ
㡣
޵֣ħһϲòˣȥζ˵ʲôҶˣպ׷ɱԼรɡ

ɳˣɻûɳһɰ֮ӿʱ˻ȥǳ֮ˣȴޣֻգ֮ˣһҲ뿪
ٺ٣õúܣøӡ
ħааһЦһſѪڣ븹֮Уһ£ŵûɢ±Ҳĵѣǧһ֮ʣԶһ顱һһ½ħ˳ȥҲһ´˳ȥ
ʲôˣ
һߣӵ˾һʲôҲû壬ֻǰһӰӹѷɹȥ԰нס׹
֮ˣʵ͵ˣһֱδֻ뿴Ҿʲô£־ʲôˣ֮ޣͬʱҲ֪길ףǱ˵


1954 Ծ
ͻȻһ°˽ԿͻȻֵӰ̫Զǿ˵òֻܿһͷ׷ϵһߡ
Ҳѹʶ˾ˣʱС۾ԭΪǽĳϣȻʱȥģȴһİˡ
ϴߣϲǵڹ֮Ǹ磬˿ŶԷµ۾˵ϤУﲻẰһ硭
һԺǽϣʱˣ˲֪˭ζƼߣʱ˿һ˵λˣ̫Ű˻ˣ
߾أСӣǺˣҲҴˣ
ħʱղһ£ʵᣬСӴŹߣǺֲĿʾˣģʲôˣתһ룬ƺҲʲôˡ
ûȥǼ˿˿λ͵Ҳһӣҵ£Լ˽ǾͲҪвУ

һ֣棬˽һʲôʱǲ뵽̫Ű˻˵ĲΨ缸ɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ãܴӹħжˣΪɲ⣬ѵǰЩգζ˵ģջˣ
δ̣մ
ʱ練Ӧ֣ĸм֮ɫղҪȻ
ҸղŲ˵ô΢΢תͷЩͷظڶ顣
ԡ
˻ûӦֽв⡰ʲô⺬壿

ʱħǱߴһЦֻЦҹǲǲߣٲСѾͷһֻԳ棡

ħǹģˣ뵽ղŲ㱻ԷԵʱʶȥħſµ
ḧ˸ͷʾⲻ뺦´ˣħ濴ȥϻڣԷȴŴЦôˣʲôԳ棬˸涪Ͱ
صǲǾãĬ
һ䣬һħҲֹͣ˴ЦףСӣҿûүţ
Χ˱˵Īֻ̽ͷʵʲô˼
ˣ
ħֽűҪҲ֪ʲôڲķŵæͷ˻ȥ
¡
һְֻһֻһӣʱɳһɫâȴһɫϻǽϻȴͨϻǲޡ
飡
ħ汻ϻһײ˴ķһ±ײ˳ȥû˿ֿ֮˼ⷨ˵ãʱɱ˶ᱦ֮⣬˸ռԼķǽϻȻɳһ߲⣬ɷǺÿһڵӣôˡ
飡飡飡
ֻһ죬Ǽ˵ķֵסǱ˶˳ȥЦĴۡħ۵ܵסƾǼķڲǰǲһͭ
⡭ʲô
ȻħǼˣһӶûĶ˿һУһַɻ˽ϻ֮УȻ
ǾϲִŽϻһ˵ĸо·ϻ棬װŵĲЩһǳС档
磬磬ʲôѽ
ϻ
ϻǸǽ𣿡
ǰɡ
˿Ѿ泯ħ˼ʶֶΣʱˣˣһ˵Ϊɲ⣬ǽϻδҲ̫ˡ
ΨһڳϣʱؿԺǽϵӰµһ˫۾˷·ͻȻʧ˻һһˡ
ܣܡ
ϣʱɫµ۾ظܡ֡
ܣܡ
Խ˫۾Խˣʱһģһ磬Ѿˣܻš
үүүүôˡʱүүҲ΢΢һ
ȥɡ˵ţһͣһͻ
үүүүôˣ
æ˹ȥɫɷףԺǽһӰﲻظܡ֡
Ǻǡޡ
ʱЦܹ̫Ű˻ˣζȻ²С
̫Ű˻ˡ
⼸֣ηѣ֣׹ǰˣǴ˵˻Ľˣ̫Ű˻ˣ
ֲղԳƲ
ʱħ漸ҲڷӦˣӣϾɫȻ̫Ű˻˵ĲһȻҲһͷѩ׷Ǹˡ
Щ˶ˣ˫һ㣬ȥص֮£Ҳ֣Ҫֲ֡塣˵ţһϡ
һأħ˾һа룬ɲǣرûţǰ
ħȴùģЦɶͻȻ𡭡
Ҫߣ硣
ȥˣǺݺݵЩˣĺ֮ɫ˿ձһˣҲҪƽ˴
ǡ
ˡҲ룬ôôߣӰ̼ʧʣһ澳ҲͰˣǿɲƽ޹ǵ̫Ű˻˵ˡ
ʱ޺ЩˣҲһ㿴ҿ㣬û˸ǰˣʱȥ뿪ҵķΧһѾöԸˣһĸ֣붼¡
Ⱥˣ˿ɽԣ֮£ǰޣζֻҲ֡
㶷
Ϣ֮ʱζȻ˳̤޹̨óĽָޡ
ðͳѪΨһһǧһ֮Ů
ҲĽһѣѪƵĽϷڵѪһ
Ѫ
Ѫ֮ҳϾһһ˲䣬Ѿܵǽϴ֮ˣѽԻѪ֪ΪϹź䣬صĽ
ңֻʤ
һһ䣬޿ǳԼκ·Ľһ
ֻʤ
ζҲ俴£أ֮˵ʬǡ
ζ
λϾһǿɹ޸ߣοʱǰѽѪ֮
˺󣬽ԾˣĪҪԤ
ζһһ䣬ͬǱ䣬Ҳһ仰նԼ·֮䣬һ˻


1955 ħ
Ҫǿˣ᲻־
ʱߺȻһԴƤȴδ벻֪ʱߣϴһߣ˫ַҲǰһĻ
ûлشĻǿǰѪĽ˵ǰѽص
ι㲻ת⣬أ
δǰȻǹС죬С۵񣬻һۼ
ûղ˵Ҫ˲ô
δ뿴˿ԶŵˣСߵô˵ҾͲţһҪɱˣվ޶ԣô˵ˣҡ
ҡҡͷ
ߡ
δ˺߱ӣɣҾ֪ʲôƽԾȻģ϶Ǹˡ
Ҳδء
ԶˣζΪЩ͸ޣЩ͸ˣΪԴʱ˶ԣѾûжˣ˶̫һ̫
ԽҪƴģ̫ˡ
֮ǰζ˵⡰̫̫һңǵ֮һ̫һ壬ڵʱҲɿһ޶Ĺˣ⹦ȴʮֹ죬˶ֻмٵˣܹ֮ᡭħ
񻹱ҵ̫ȻѾǲƪǧ⹦ģҲֻˣһޣһζ
ζܹ֮˹Ϊ˶ɾ£ϰһƾһѹס̫ħԡ
ʵʱ̫֮գΪ֪˴˹ضһ֮˻̫޵Ķ֣Ϊϡֻ̫ܴӮ̫
ʵڴ֮ǰһһλſ̫ǵ磬ֻǵʱ翴֮󣬱ҡͷ˻ȥղûѡ˹

ʱϷΪǿϢ֣˻δ֣ѾˣȻһ֪
ζ˿벻޶ֻ֣ʱȹһܵĻܻܿٶʧ⣬ʱ󷨱滹ô棬ܲס޵
˼ˣζԥ̨߷嵱һȥ޵Ȼ⣬ҪԾɱȥɱЩˣһ
˿̣ҲһɽϷȥȵѾɽ嶼
ߣԶһЩ
һ̣ҲץԵĻδ룬ԶһɽȥЩˣжԶ߶Զˣĸҿǿ֮ս
ܿ죬ζ޽ѵϷۣһ˴ɱȥȴһ𣬾һʱɿ֮ϣк졣
һΧɽҡβֹʹͻδѾýԶҲܹоһ֮ȷʵǿмܹɽ¡
Σ㿴Ϊ𣿡
δʵĬƾһԿζȫʵ֮ǿˣһ֮УԼǧЩˣҲû˭࿹ˣ˼ˣǾ⣬Ǿ˵ˡ
ǡǧһš
һȻֻ̽һ޵ʵ䡱һζһ˳ȥһʱ䣬Ѫӿֹ
ֻһ㵭ѪǰѡѪѪˣҲԽ¡
̫
ζһۿˣ̫ȴԣһն֮伸ûʲôڵʽƴһѪâɱʮ㣬±߲֮˶סˡ
ζüָ̻зһɨ̨ʱӰ䡱һѪâնֻ̨һδƵ֮Ӱ
ɵĵô
޲δ̫⣬䣬ٶȹһΣζʹӰ໤ҲӲˣȻĹܱȵģֱӲƴȻαԼ֮ᣬ֮ǿ
һΣζչΣ̨ȥӰзѧ˼ޡ
˶Ƭ̣⸽ɽɽͷȥˣʯ䣬ѳΪ棬ң󷨱ʱ¡
ζ̨ƿ˵̫ȻĿǰܱȣ˵ѷ֮ˣֺαٶ̫
ЦһʱϾħ֣Цȷ̫ҵĹ𡭡
һʱ±߲֮ɻڴ֮ǰǴûлɹ̫ȷ̫һ崫
ʱԣټ̫촦ȷʵ˷ѽ⣬ܹĻħôһҸеĹ
ô
ζ̨֮ϣһɲǣϺе֣һɼǿϢҲӿɢ˿
̫
±߲֮˶ʧ˳ζ̫ȴЩһѪ⣬ζʱϵģȴһ⣬ѵ̫𣿿ʹ֮˲ħ
뵽˴λҲǺеţ˵ĻǽǺܶ˱㶼ˣʱػصԻˣ
ǡ
ʱԶɽϣδ뿴һЩҳϣȴǲмһЦãϵ츳ǲһ㣬Ȼܹѹסħħ±ЩΪħӰ졭ϧϧˡ
ϧʲô
ʵȥƺ˽ҡ̫ӡԼҲܺ棬Ϊλ˹ħ
δһʼ磬һҡͷ̾ϢϧҾҪħˣǧҪգۣϸţħ䡭νˣħġ


1956 ħ
ħ䣿
ɫһƺǵǰ˵ˣǴ˿ѾܳˣϵħԽԽأǵ߻ħζϣϵĵҲڼ٣̫ħԣôѹƵġ
˿̣˵Ϣڲǿ⸽춯صɽҡֹ·󷨷ֻҲܲסϢˡ
ʱٶȽ֣Яɱƺ˴ˣɽһ߷󷨣δһЩС壬еȴѾ̮֮䣬ɡ
ζʹ̫Ҳд⣬޽̨̼֮ȥ˵ĵڶɱС
ôô죬;ô
޿԰ӣĹζ֮ϣζӲӲѻʯֲκκôζʤڻһԱ
ǽ»ˡ
ʱϵħøˣ˫ҲѪ죬һȣΧɽ壺ħһ䣡
֮ϣȻ죬֮£ֻǿֲӰħһ㣬ȫѪƣʹǴʱˣҲŵĵѣЩΪ͵ĵӣѾŵ̯ڵϲҶ
ħ䡭
ʹϵʱۼζǲһħ䣬̫ԵʹϰȫҲ֮Կ
ħ䣬Ϊ˹ȻħʹٸߵĵҲѹƣվħ䡣
˹䣬ÿһ䣬ԾΪۣʹħҲضⷴɣ˷ܷɣҪʱ䣬ȵħɡ

һȣѪһնʱ䣿Ѫɫգ˲Ϣʹζ̨ٿ죬Ҳ޷㿪
䣡
Ȼ㲻ζֻӲһ͹ħһֱµ޹̨ʧȥɫʣȻ
ʦã
ʱԶһһףӰɫ⻯һӣɫ⻯һŮӣŮӿȥζһЩ
ˣζʦģͶʦƻɾ»һӣҹ£û
ʦá
ĿǱ߲֣Ȼһʱʦ뿪ʱֻ˵£δ˵һǿҪһ˵
ʦܣҪ嶯
ԱƻǱ߷ȥ̽סˣҲ˵ʱʦöһ˹δܹܵסħ֮߳ʱʦɸԤ飬ʦĻ⣬Ϊʦ㣬ˡ
һߣζҲʦʦϢʱȴȥ˼ǣ´ǰ޶ħʵֲз
ģȻɡ
ֻζзһɨµ޹̨ʱӰУѪħֵ⣬ʹٸߣһħȾҲش
صģʦõĵҶ֮ϣο
ƻϷս˴˿Ȼ⸽ɽ⵽ٻһЩľд棬˵ʦÿ۸ľ֮ɵĵħ⡣
ⲻħһѡ
һߣδ˫ǰƺЩԤϣζûħ䣬ζٸߣʹ壬հڲľı£ҲŸո¶ɽһǡ
صħħ䣬ʲô
Ϸ˶Ƭ̣Χ𵴲ֹ޵ԽԽǿζȥ֧ٶȥֽܡ
߹УţҲòԩˡ
Ȼħ󶯣˫۲Ѫ˿һɿѪⷭӿϳ׹粻¡
ħٱ䣡
һɲǣ޵ħǿħ͸ȥڸĲľһմȾħʱήˡ
˺һЩ
δץɳ˰ɾ룬ⱻħȾϵħɲֻħС
һأҿε
һɨȥħǽƲɵһ죬ζֱӱ˳ȥӰɲʧ޺ۡ
䣡
ţζײһɽϣʱɽͷײķѣ̳
ʦã
һΣĺƻҲɫһ˲ɹȥǱʯɽϣ̳ҵζȻ̨ϣֻǸղһ£ֱӱƣȻҲˡ
ʦ֣ƻʦ㡭ÿ
̳棬ٶϮζ˲ʦʦ˵һͳɾ롣
ʱ̳棬һħӰٿȻǿϢζԱĸо
£˼һɨӰ֣ͬʱҵġơʩչ˳
ͣʱƽƽ棬󷢾ŵһǿһܹ
ôǡ
֮ˣϤʱȴδ㿪֪ƺ󷢾ŵɽ֮Ӳƾһֱ棡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ףΧСñζ·ɽҲҷˣ̳֣Ѿľˣֻܿӿϵħ˽ֻʤһ˻


1957 ʤ
ħӿѾڸζĵϢϢԽԽ΢˿̳ľһ̶ĵס˺
ʦá
Ҳ۾ңղһ֮ǿĻǵûɢɣ˾˭һֲĴڡ
Ǻǡô
̳棬Цáħ䡱ϵǿ࣬ħҲԽ˲
Զסָδ״һס֣ҡҡͷħ䣬ô򵥣ʬħҲ޷ħ
˵˴Ȼһ£ſ˫֣סˣ㲻ܹȥðա¶ԷͻȻɹȥһ
סָǴȥˣǸղһ̣ܵһѪ֮ѪӦ϶ϵѪˣôζϵѪζҵϵ׵ֻϵôءѵһңҲè̫Ӳɣ
˽֮ʱֻ̳棬Ȼһ˳̫Ʋһһһҫ۶Ŀ
ǣ
棬˽һһɲǣԸܵһɼǿѪ֮ѪϢҵѪϢǡ˵̫һ壡϶ûѪ
̫һ塭
˿ֻ̧̣棬ȻһɽɫѪ֣ôܡѵҲ̫һѪǰΪδоףʲôˡ
Ա߻δķžһָȥȻֽˣȥ
Ҳȥδ룬㿴
̳ĵ⣬˵һ˲䣬̳ɢȥˣ޵ħҲɢࡣ
ֻζվ̨֮ϣһЩ¶ǣԲʧţһټʱȫ֣üĳֵһԶѪӡǣʱ̲סĤݵĸоԶʱڵѪԶʱǸң棬˶
ζ
ҲסˣԭζԶѪѾˣؽ̤뷽֮ңܵԻ͡
ԶѪôǺǣ˼
һЦΪȻȫħһħٶȷӿȥζǽɫѪֿ֮һ
ڣƾУǾͿ˭ܼסˣζѪ֮ȥôɣ޵ħˣҲһ
ɣҿ㻹ܲܣøǿ
ϺȻ¶Цһ˲䣬ֻѪһԼؿڲȥħ䣡
һɲǣ˽һѪӿһɿµϢֱ˷ӿɢ
һΣڳ֮޲𾪣ġƻЩˣԼձ޴ʱѾԶЩߡ
޲¶Ȼ֮ɫδ붼һǡҪͬھ𣿾ɱζҲˡ
˿ζϣҲ¶΢΢ɫԺֻ֣ӡ
Ǻǣɡ
޻ѾˣͷˣۿȥֵʬһޣΪ˱Ϊɽյħ䣬Ѿ˲ˣǹˡ
Ϫ
һ̣վң֮УҲᣬЩΪҵĳϣһٻ󣬿֪ιġ
޹ħӿԲʮԱħ֣ʱ췣Ҳȫ赲ħ֮⡣
һ±ðգζʹ̫Ѫɴʱħ֮ޣȻС
ħ䣬ֻһƤëѣ㿴𣿾Ѿˡ
δ뿴ħ̫Ͳҵħ䣬Ӳǣڵ̫꣬һ˵ˣܿܣĳһ˵йء
Ϸ˵սʱҪӦ޵ħ䣿¾ҲӦɡ
˶Ƭ̣ϵ£Գ˶˵սû˸ҿܻٵҲȥˣ߷壬ٵòˣҪؽûʱ䣿
䣡
һ£ζ˳ȥϵĽ⣬һȥ٣վѵԶѪ֮ѾҪľˣѪ֮ľ֮ʱ޿ٳħһ
Ǻǡô
ЦȴִЩȻ֮ɫ䣬һζһ£ȴͻȻһףҲһƺߣƺħķɵˡ
ûᡭ
ζץסһ˲ŵʱȻһȥһѪɽһ޹ض

һѪӿߵ޷ͻȻȾ˪һһ¾ͱˣһ˲䣬һɿֲӿһ½ζ˴˳ȥ
ۣ
˽뱻ħ֮һζѪѣ壬ҲܲסˣȻڸղһ˴ˡ
ζ
㣡
±ߣ֮˶ȻһʧɫվүүԵӸղŵڣһʼδֹͣڣȴҪֹͣһ
Ҳһһϵˣ˶ѾˣȴδһУʤ


1958 
ܺá
ĨȥǵѪһ̣˫޵İ׷ֶһЩʱġѪɽӿһɰֱ˷ȥһ̣̫ѪѵζҲԳܡ
Ǿ͡ҿǿɣ֮ˡ
ԶԶζеѪȻԽԽǿζңħֲ̫ˣٳһƱͬ𣬲С˷ϵŲסΪֹȻ˼Ʋ䣬ɽգԴΪأһʼͲ֮սҪ±Щ֮ˡ
ߡ
ο뷨ŴʱδȫһΣζ칥ơ
䣡䣡䣡
˵ÿһԾɣһһƴأĪܿĺƻλɾµӣ˿ҲֻԶԶģԲע⣬Ƕκһ˵ĽϣǷˡ

һһںͻ֣ٲκһ˿أ֮䣬ֹƲɢȥֻ¶һһѤĿĽˡ
ȴûмע⵽˫Ⱦ˪ȻȫˣмͷҲۿɼٶȣһһף۽ǣƣⲻħķɣԪѾ쾡ˡ
Ҫˡ
Ȼδһ仰ʱĿż·ࡣ
˵ʲô
һԵûӦʱȥէΪξ˺һɲ
һ˵Ԫ췦
δһȻ޲һҲħķɣ̫ԪѾľˡʹңҲֻһµˡ޷ġ
ʲô
Ȼɵζ˵ģ޴ΪʵΪʲôȻ޶ˣҪʲкôζƭҡ
δ뿴Զ޵ӰʱĿΪޣΪԼԪҲ쾡ˡ
δ롭
סļ˵õģܿ죬Ҿͻȥ⣬һҵֻ֮Ҫ֮Ĵأһܹ
ɵϡ
δḧ򢣬ѣ룬һ죬Ժȥ鳾Ĵ£İ쳾̽ģ裬ҲԹˣҲãֻصҲգһжǹ̡
ϧܵȲһˡ
δ롭
˿̣ᶨؿҡҡͷҪ
¡
ʱϷȻһ죬ֻؼ̳ղһ£޺ζˣһѶԷˡ
ۣ
ζ覵ѣѾѪѪҲ޵Ѫһͷ׷ͷƣʹȥ·һ²ꡣ
ţǿϧϧ
ͻȻ֮䣬޼Ѫ֮һɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫζʧɫˣԳܲסһˣ
ȡȿȣ
Σ֮ʱͻȻؿھҿ춼Ѫζ״ûᣡɵˣ
һɲǣٲκԥڳĽУһͳ޹ȥ
ͣͣͣ
콣ӰңѪɽ֮䣬ζѴȫʮҪѨһۡһѪҽһĶ

±Щ֮ˣҲĿɿڴԶ޽ЩˣеѾֻʶˣеĻԭأ·˻һɵվŲ
ǺǣǺǡ
޿մŵһġѪȥҲûնɱζˣҲûˡ
̧ͷǰ֮ˣͷѾȫˣϣҲƣһͻȻȥˡ
㡭
һɲǣǵ۾棬ζͻȻʶʲôⲻħķɣԪѾˣ
ǺǣǺǡվǣ㣬㡭
ڴӿ׹ȥΧͲƵûֱˤȥˤ÷ǣƮƮǲԫϱ۾ҵķǵ꣬ͥԺô
ϣȻˣ꣬ҪûûǸ¿ꡣ
ϪϪ
ʱ꣬ˮˮҪˣֻǿţϪڵϣһ˫۾Ҳˣֻϧ£ҴӲһΣƴԷȥҲûˣˡ
ϪϪ
ϪҪޣָͰԡ
Ϫˣˡ
Ϫ㿴ˡ
磬硭ôˣֿˡ

Զɽ⣬δ뿿̲סʹʱˮһᱧţδ룬ޡ
ûޡ
δʣ̧ͷϸ˿ߴⳤؼ䣬˵㿴𣿡
˵ϱʧҲһͶݣؼꡣ
δ롭

ң棬Χһѳϣȴ˸ǰҲ֪δ޵ʬ塣
ζŵϣ۾Ȼޣǰһ̣ʲô
ǳĺޣ
ǵꡭִȰЦ
ҹĹɡ
ζһתȥˣղϣһۣˣԭ޵ԪѾˣղңҲֻʣһˡ
ԭֻǻģûκιϵ
˿ǸŴοԽˡ
ֻһڲˡ


1959 
δ뿪ңҲûиζ˵һҲûע⵽뿪
Ѿͣˣֻһ·ϣδ붼Ĭ£֪Ÿղ޵飬ڲΪޣʲô
δ룬ˣû¡
ǣһ¡
ʲô£
üһѵΪղһ¶ѹ
ʱδ̧ͷڻδ˻Ľ磬Ҳժˣδ뿴ɫص̫ħ䡣
̫ħ䣬ôˣһʱ˵ʲô
δͷȥã̧ͷǸȷһ£˵֮ԪľΪħ䡣
һ˵ҲüƺԼԼǵãϴζ˵ħȷʵǳ죬Ǵ󣬵Ǳ׶Ҳԣħ˵Ҫ֮˵ľԾΪۣǲԪΪ
ʱپδôһ㣬ʱˣΪħ䣬Ԫľɡ
ϣûʲôȳ޸˿̹ġ
ʵ꣬еĳҲأ˿顢ˣδʼߣδˮһһ㣬еĳ޺ȻĻǷһԼҲ֪
˿̻δ뻹üͷʵδ룬㻹ʲô𣿡
ûôļ򵥡
δüͻȻҡͷ˵һЩĪĻһʱҲ⣬δ룬˵ʲô˵˴ֻҶˣ
δ룬̧ͷؿ㻹ǲǵã֮ǰζ˵м̫
мˡ
룬˵˵ģֻޣñ࣬ħ䣬ûС
ңֻ
ȵȡ
ɫһͣ˽ŲһҲһһҼǵã˵길Ҳ̫ʱײûѡ
һ̣ܺȻδϢпʯͷȥˣ壬Ҳ̫
ףʱû˹
ǵģʱû
һɲǣձøˣôδй棬һŻδ۾δ룬ղǾ仰ʲô˼
δҡҡͷû£ֻҲµĶѣǸЩˡ
û¡
̧ͷԶɽ̫᲻ᣬĻһδֻ֮᲻ħ䣬𡭡
ף׻
һ̣ȻЩ飬СδֻˡİôϤ

ͻȻ䣬δ뷢һߣɫҲһ±ò԰
δ룡ôˣ
ͻȻعţ·һ£˫һҪ̽δȴһ°ס֣ʱ˫ҲòҰûѪɫˣû£û¡
ôû£
һ뵽ʲôϴΣΪؽ֮ԴΪʹգģΪ̫Ű˻ľܹѹƣǣܵģһ޽⡭ǣ

δַһƺߣһ£ϢҲ˲٣һ̽˿Ϣޣ
Ҵȥ
һ½ڻģȻǻ溺ҽʥҩʥλҽˣѵز

죬⼸׹ܲǴϮǿӡ˵죬ʹ¹λ
Ѿʱǧ꣬ټתһΣҪ¹λ֮ѣҺһƱԪʼոϣ±ԶҲ鲻λˡ
⡭
һɲǣ˫ۣһɾǿϢ£
ǰ
һԿţţ侹ǰڻϵ裬κܼҪǻˣڤҲδ
溡
ʱѱشǰʥò峺һʱ䣬Щģԣ޷Ӧ
㡭ǰ𣿡
ҵȻǡ
쿴һ̣Ҳǿŵ÷һڶĺ֪ϧ÷֣֮Ȼѵñȴܸ÷ϣΨһĵˣǹЩ溵Լ״ӣǰǣǣǡ
Ը⣬һʦ𣿡
쿴ʥӲͽΪЩ꣬ҲӲöʦͽƣΪ֪ԼܷȥǷɢһգڣȷˣܿ죬Ϊܳڤ
ګګؿһʱ䲻֪λش𣬽ôǰһʱοڣģȫˡģֻʱԼҲʼգǿŵʦһ
溣溣
ʱ洫ǰʦ֮£պ˵溣̸ҳһˡ
ôˣ
ͻȻײʱһĻ溲ɵһ죬һʱ޴롣
ŴʱĶˣګګδˡ
ʲʲô
һʱδӦȴղѾһΣضͬʵСѾͷôˣ
δ룬֮塣


1960 
һйػδ֮壬ּͣһ溻ȴ˵һȥˣƱҪеӣΪ֪ǻδ£ֻ¡
˿̣δ빬µҲסˣһͥԺĻշúúõģħͥ仨δӰ죬ʱȴͥԺĻлˣһء
δ룬δ롭
歷ڻδĴǰļǣδγȥôãͻȻˣ
һ£
ܿ죬ѾϹˣǰδһ̽ɫأԺҲУΪġϢڲϼ֮ķɲûѵԪ
ؾ溣ҲһΰٲˣԪһ£һ˫֣ɷ˺Ըģ
溣δ歷˼ĬȻʱżʵ
û£һ˻˯ȳȥɣҪڴ˴š
ȴ֪һΣֻ˯ȥˣһΣʲôԶ˯ȥ
ʱ棬ҲͥԺⲽͥԺ仨ͥԺ仨·еĳһδ仨ȥô׷Ҳ׷ϣôҲҲţȻһͷ㿴ͥԺĻήˡ
δ롭
뵽ﳡȻվȥ歷˴歷̧ͷδ
ûԣֱȥ棬ģ溳ĬʹʲôҲ˵β֪ڻδһ·ͻģ֪ܲʱ
ˡ
תؿĬĬͷȥԲʱÿһΣǼææܽȻһ仰ѯʣ溣δΣ
һΣûʣֻһһ򴲱ȥδϢޣϵϢΪһ·Բ
ʱģıȻǷѣ˿̱ڣ֮⣬һ졣
ȡȿȡ
һ·̫ˣؿڣΪϵ·ȳأһ·϶ò
Ų֮ȴ׶ãáᱻɣǶáĵģԪ
һ·ϣûйôֻ࣬ԲάδϢͻ죬ΪϹ֣ϹӵϢʱˣ뿪죬뿪
Ȼ棬粽δ룬ʱһʯͷϥĿҪδȫȶͬʱҲҪָһ¾óȻãǡˡôʣµģǡ
ʱԶнŲƲ֮ϣãۣȴһѵŮӣ
ʦã
֪ǧΪλͻȻڴˣǺˮŮۣһճڴˣŵΣѾˡ
λŮۣڣɽѾûˡ
ʱǧһֵѾܾãû˵ˡ
ȡȿȡ
ɫԾЩ԰ףǧӰһǰѸٶȥָԵġѨϡ
ް
Ϊ̫徳ǿߵΧҲᴭһ벻ġˡ
Ϳˡô
ǧѿɫƽûлشһתͷʦǰѻôԵڴˣ
ҵ֪߳ˣԹǧվһ˵ţһķȥ
ش𣬵֪ûô򵥣ǧѽˣȻб顣
⡣
գǧѿĸֵ˳µˣйأһΣζҲἰ

һ֮歷˵ˣ֣ʱһϼʶ¸һλӣ̤ƣǲǰȥŵ΢Ůۡ
΢Ůۣ롭
΢Ůۣǹӭӣ֮ǰڹɽ磬Űٻá֮ʱŮãδһ
棬˾˳ֻŮۺˣŮδãֱ۷Ż˽ֻ˵ĸ֣
ʹѲµɴʱŮôһ˵̲ס΢΢һǰһ˿ϻԲѵδ룬ֿŮۣŮۡҲ𣿡
С
Ů˵Ӧ֪Թ߽ܹɹߣǧһˣǶḶͬĴۡ
׸Ρ
ãʲô۲ۣԹм˳ɹȻ˳ɹǱ˵˿С
ҳ
Ů˫ָȥȥͥԺص仨һȥĿҲѾȥ棬ҽš
Ůת˵ҹʮ쳣ǰַѰ֮ˣҪϼѡ
ϸ˵ţȥϣȴ룬δǰδǰǺˣ
˵ڸ֮£ҪҪһ󷨣Ѱ֮֮ǰһֱѰҵ֮ͬʱҪһɼǿ󷨣֮ǰһֱĴۼ֮
ʱŮ۲ټ˵֮ǰȥʦģ飬ʦһʣ̸ɣʵˣʦ˵ʲô𣿡
˵ˡ
˵ʲô
˵ǰϰ˴ܣײϣ̰棬úùɽܣ׽һˮϪϪ㸡ʮⶼŵһɳζ
Ůһ˵ţһڽѵһ㶵ţ˵һ£ʦ˵ʲôˣ
ûˣЩ
Щ
һʱЩΪʲôʦרǰ£ȫŮۣˣ̸
ˣ˵ؾɣ֪㲻ƺĲ
Ůۿ뵽ɽ磬ȥɽ¶Ȼδ룬ȥ⣬ҵǾĵģһ죬˼ϣŪɹʦԣ˴С
ղſʣ鵽ʲôط

ʱ֣飬ǰζʱ֮ǰĸоڿԶ϶ˣȷʵǹɽĿǰΨһܹȥĵط
ðɣ֮ǰȷʵûи㣬Ǹطͨĵطǣûô򵥣ھ⣬ûɡ
Ů۴ʱ飬ֱ˿һһ䣬ˣ飬ȥ⣬һǻɢҷ𡭡оЩˣ޷棬ǿɲǿ˭Ϊ߾ܽȥġ
Ůʾ
һ̣ˣһΣҪǿƵ֮ˣÿζţȽΪ̤ǿܹ֮ЩǿһʱһĿڣ·ǰˣôңɼˡ
Ů۵Ҫȥ⣬Ҫܳʱ䣬ж೤Ҳ֪һ㣬Ҫ·ǿ˭Ϊߵͣǿ£֮ԽСԽȥҺо˶Уһ룬ɡ
ˡ
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Ů۵ͷֽŵֻһ֪֪⣬һط𣿡
Σ
һǿƵĵطｫؽƣҲ˵ȥ֮һӽ֮ˣǵˣһûˣ˵˼䡢ɽ磬ҴҴҪӡԼΪΪ˼ɽ磬ؽơ
һΣŮ˵꣬׵ˣҪȥĵطŽһȥģֲĵطʲô麣ħڣ;һȣֱֵһᡣ
һ㣬ûнƣİӤҲûзĲޣ̲磬ôҲܣھ̤뷽֮
ǣһ̤뷽֮ıҲܴܿӴ޷ٻص˼ˣǣܹĳǰ˶޷Ƶع
ھжӦñʮ˼϶ɡ
˵סźۣܶɵۡҲȥϧϲȥǲܵˣһ죬Ʒ֮նȥ
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ͷǰֵԣһȥǲеģʱȥˣһ̫֮ԣҪˡ
ˡ
һ̣ʱֻ뵽ˣˣǧѺζһ۶һ̫Ѫûбˣǿˡ
գǧҵı𣬱̸һ£ζǸ˵ˣֹһ¡
Ук֮ˡ
Ůۿü΢˼ҲѾµˣ˵ǣһֻܽһˣԣ㻹Ҫҵܹͨĵط
ˡ
΢΢ͷһȻ뵽̫Ű˻ˣϴҹλᵽһ£ÿȥ˰˻ĵҲǾһˣȻûô򵥣ǻ̫Ű˻йء
š
Ůͷ׼ˣʱңһ£һᴦоңصġ
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һ̣Ҳˣ뵽һգǧѡΪħ죬ҪֹЩ飬ʼղ˵ָоẦԼһ˵ݼٺãһݲǧѵ浹ӳһˡǸˣ

Ҫ׼ˣڴ֮ǰȷʵҪȥһɽأΪģԵŮһ¡µ겻
ڹɽ磬ܹܺõħںϣصʱȥ˾⣬Σɼµħǰľǿߣû˽֮󣬲һģְܲɣ

ºѴҴҸϻ̫Ű˻ˣȻȴֻһˣأһͬȥͲˣԭͲˣһǲһȥģȻⲻ˽š
ʱ£ˡ
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£㽫һ£ˣ֮Ӳ˰ŻعɵȻعǰѿһˣ֪ȥˡ
ȥ˺ڵ֮Ԩ֪ΣоǻҪȥǸصĺڵۣ֪飬ƺܶ࣬ǹڲ֮Ĺϵ
ǺǣСӣˣҲ²£Ϳˣǲǡ
һɺڷԨ׷ǰγһɫӰӡ
ڵ۹Ȼ񡭡
ǰӰǲһ£δһУǰڵ˵ˡ
ǺǺǡ
Ӱ洫ڵЦٲ²£ܿ죬Ҫȥˣǲǡ
һУڵۡ

Ӱ棬Ȼڵ۵ĴЦ֮ǧˣǧˣǼиûȥˣһܳԾɡ
ˣ˭
һܸоǰڵ˵صģÿ˵벻˵ʲô˿˵ˣӦòָ갵жԲֽǸ˰ɣо˵һˡ
޷˵ġǺǺǺǡ
ӰȻֻһڷ磬Ԩ׷˻ȥȥɣҪ˵ҸģʱǧҪ㣬ͰĲóǵãһҪغˣǺǺǺǡ


1961 
Щɻ뿪˺ڵ֮Ԩȥ˻ĵ֮ǰʱȸ˵пˣһȥ˻ĵˣǾһɡ
ȻǲܸоͰ˻ĵЩЩİǰҲû棬̸øȸ˵ҲδйѡǴһȥ壬ȡԴ֮ҲǺһأؾʱ͹һһذɡ
̫֮Ű˻ûмεˣȸܸһصĸоݿܲ򵥣Σһɡ
˵ôãԭϡ͵ˡ
ʱȸӹĮ̇ϣģһװ磬紵ȹ¶ѩļҲȷʵˣӼˣĸϲֻϴһȸߣȴ֪òΣҲǻòˡ
ȸ
ʱҲȥϴ˹򣬴壬Ҳʶˣÿ˴İʶһһű˴
ǡҲ²£Ҫȥ˻ĵšΪһˡ
ȸƺѾǰ֪ˣȻҲ䣬˵⣬˱㲻飬δڣ˻ĵȥ󣬰׻ȻҲҪȥˣֻû뵽Ƕ˾Ȼһʲôʱֱôˣ
ϻ棬䰵һ£ûǣգԷ鿴ȥûʲôһǲ֪۹½ɵˣûУ²ˣǷһˡ
λ롣
˻ĵļλϣһصصδҲ֪ʱڵ棬ȻѾλϣҿȥλΪͣͬߡ
̫Ű˻ˣбҪôôΪ֪֮ݣ鷳Ͳϣⲻ˵ȸôһ绨ĴˣҲҪŸߣǲɽҹô
λˡ
µ£λмһλڿˣԼλϣĬĬ
ҹϵˣԱߣԭλߵߣ̫Ű˻İ˻ĳϣǴ¶棬֪Ǵڵ˶١
ƴʱӣƺȸ׻Ƕ֪λ˻ĳϵĴڣֻи˻˵֪ѡ
ʱλֿڵλˣλҲ֪ʲô˰ɡ
ȸ׻˶ĬȻȥһĪӣڸղʱһ·ȸֻἰ⣬ģֻδᣬʱ˶˵һһصӣǶ֪Ҳ֪Ҳֻװ֪ˡ
ȡ
ʱҹϿһ⿴һۣ˵ֻ̫ص⼸ǰһ䣬ʱֻ̫صϴϧա
ػ˵еûģˣֻ̫صˣһǰ޽ɣ̫ŷˣһʦֻ֣أ¾ŶǸˡ
ǳһҪ̫Ű˻˼Ѵ̫֮Ű˻ȷʵʵһʵѾǿиˣССİ˻Ĺ嶼ܲȵͷǿǿȥ
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ǣϡ
ҹһۣʱɫƺԽԽÿˣʹߣҲ˸ܵ
Ȼҹ˹˵֮һΪʵˡ
ң
Щϼһﰵﲻ֪ڸʲôԭ;Ҫȥʹȥ⣬ԭûȥأǷ⼸ҲҪȥðգȥ־һĵطֵΪʲô
ʱһԣɫԽԽѿģȻѾȥ⣬ֺαظЩʲô˻ȻҲȥ⣬ĿǰȻܣΪ˻˵ͨ͹ɽ飬һ

ҹϵ˵ͷʵ˼أ
ңʲô˼ȻǶѾˡ
ڳһϴ󲻸˵ӣ˫ǰһŻŪҹλԵЩΣȷʵûбӺʵˣһ
ʱȸЩ˳䣬С˵㣬ͲҪ˱˻ˣȥȥءѽŷȥûò
ʵҲ룬Ǿ⵽һطΪ˶ȥȥﵽʲôԡ
ȸ붮ӣߣС㲻Ĳ֪ʲôطɣʤ½ʮֹͺñ˶ȥһȻ㲻ҪȥЩΣյĵطʵҲûôֲ㵽ʱȥ˶ˡ
ˣȥɡ
ȸԣ˻˿λߵĳϣʵֻǵ棬ҵǣҵָ˵ʲô
صһƬƬ̣һ˵Ĳߣ
ȥɣҪ˵ҸģʱǧҪ㣬ͰĲóǵãһҪغˣǺǺǺǡ
һɲǣԺ˺ڵ۵Ļûȥڵ֮ԨԴ˿λϵĻκģڿ鲢ûô򵥣ڵûҪ˵ЩֹֺɵĻ֮һۡ
˿̣ϲɫֻƽƽ֪ˣֻϣһ֮ʱɱҵĲ˸ˡ˴⿴һ䣬ɫĬ
ҹЦ˵Цˡ

뿪˻ĵһ·ϣȸĬһЦôղų˵Щ
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㡭ˡ
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ֻˣɱܿ˥ϴγĵģֻһԪѣһԪǿˣɼжǿƾܹ赲˥Ͳ򵥣Ͼһǿ߶µʦ
˴ǰи֮롭
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ǰĺɽûйĸоȥκβᣬһ̣֪ΪΣ֮飬ơ
ĻزˣҲһ뾡һа취»գҲҪ֮͵˼
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
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ˮȥȴֻһƬʲôҲûУǸղһɲǣô£㿴ʦ𣿡
ذأ

ڶطǵ꣬˵ĵȣӣѾӲڸˣǵãʱһĻĻһʱ䣬ʧȥһһһ
ص죬ΪԺ󣬱ṳ̂ˣһΣԱģѾرˡ
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û£ҳһ졣
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ҹȥɶûнݣվš
磬Ҫ𡭡
ɶҲߡ
ȥɶ˯ۣС棺μˣһ仰˵ˡȻȻֺǴһҲˡءӦɶġ
۾ﾹˮȥ۽ǵˮɶҲߣ𣬸ÿ춼ɶ
𣿡
Ȼʲôƭ㡭
˵㻰
š
ȵҹɶٴ˯ź뿪˷䣬뿪죬壬Ҳû˿
忴ԶȥӰֻǴ˫ۣȻֿ˿ħǸ


1962 һ
ص̫Ű˻ˣѾȥ£ºһУ벻ȻΪв棬ʱ̣Ҫ뿪һλݹ꣬ʮ꣬࣬Ҫߵģ

ǰɬһʱ֪˵ʲôʹλ̵λҲа꣬ϴٶ꣬ǰڲʱ䣬ȥм֮ʱҲࡣ
̼ǵõʱ򣬲꣬ѹȣ˿಻ԣʱͿҪûˣȫȻһĲʱ֣֮˲ַ벽
̼ǵõǴ㣬µλ󣬱ȥؾ飬ЩԻᰲţµĲ⣬뵽λ²˵ãһзˡ
̼ǵø죬ˣϲĻƣȥ˳İȫѹʵĿʱкεȲѾλȥˣٿλҲȥ
Ҫ죬ҲĻҪˣҲַⳤޣ죬˵˵Щʲôء
û£˵òûд
һĻĻ·ʱֳָˡ
ϡ
ڣ˵
죬ҵĻҲϨˣң볤ɡ
ǰһ°ˣһ˫ؿЩʪȻ˵ͷҶġ
˵˵˵˵˵˵
ʱºóѹᣬ˿м䣬һһҰƿ˵Ĳô
вʱ̵ģȴرһ˼£ºʹȥ꣬ǧ꣬ʱȻһλ
³ϣȥһЩǰľڹɣϣЩ˵
ºȥҪŪһЩ飬ôͿȥˡ
ǣǺðɡ
գºǱȥˣ˲ټĵãֻˡ
ղţ˵ʲô
óǹ⽫º֧ģȻʲô飬ǳҪҪ̸̸
˿̣ģ飬ȷʵߵ֮ϣ̲סʵйأ

ȷʵҪŪһЩ飬ûȥڵ֮ԨҲκλɣڣܸоЩ鲢ô򵥣һżʵǷйλȥ⣿
ʵ£ɫҲղµľڿȷʵˣڼǧǰкöȥ˾⡭
Ǿмأȥ⣬ʲôʵ
⡭
룬ҡҡͷЩز࣬ӦãйءܣֻߣȥһֻΪҵ̫Ű˻˵ļλλԶǿߡ
ʱ˵òףһüֵԴǧǰʼʱһֱûвȥˣΪÿһˡ
֪
֮ǰڵ˵ģ꣬иˣжԲֽţ²˴˥ÿһⲻ˱Ľ֣һȻûвܹȥˣһСĪʲô
һһ㣬Ϊʲôƫƫǲء
뵽ʲô
ʱ˼ӣʵڵ£ԼҲЩ棬Ҳ°¶˵òףȥ˾Щλûһģߵʱ򣬲ûнһϣһΣ˻ĵλزĳϣõѲҲϣ
û¡
ղٶˣһ̣ȷһ£ȥ⣬²Ѱλ˻ĵϣûи֪УҲУȻˣҲԷ֪йغڵһ¡
˵ʲô
ʱºЩ˽һ˱ôҲûӴ֣ȥֵһЩ˽Щһӡ
޷ҴٿЩϵļأȥ˻ĵȻȰˣȻȥҲ١
һﰲģѾȥ׼ˣֻºˡ
طŲڣЩϵļأǼǧǰµģܱ漸ǧ꣬ʩ˷Ҳ𻵣ЩڣֶǾһһֳˣҲг©֮
һЩǳҪļأԿڡ棬׸ֻҪõʹŸǧҲû⣬Ҳв֮һܵ𵴣֣汣֣ɢÿһʱ䣬Ҳ˼𻵡
˿̣ϸļأԼʱ£ΪŪֱʶɨÿһÿһϸز鿴Ȼǰܲҳʲô©ɵ㡣
ֱҹ֮ʱºԱߣ֧ãƤϣ˯ˣ㻹Ҫð
޷³ˣȥЪϢɣҡ
Ȼžڣüţº̧ͷҡ˼ԴвУҪˣ˵Ҫġ
һԣɲ֪ΪΣÿÿĲЩڣſԺ˯ȥˣл߽ţŰţȥصãˣҲˡԺˡ
˿̲סһ̾һԷŵ·ϣȻּĶ
Щ棬ҵһЩǧǰƺںܾǰλȥ˾⣬Ѿ꣬沢ûϸأļǧֲ֪ȥ˶ٴֱǧǰʼûвټȥˡ
Щоô򵥣˵ܾкܶ鶼Ҫ⿪ˣֻ̫ص̫Ű˻ˣ̫ʱڶڵӴȻѾ˥䣬ǰߵǿ̫Žߵǿߣȥ˾Ѷ
ڵ길ףϲһеһУҲһΣˮʯˡ
Ȼ䣬뵽ϴϮҪƻ˼һЩӡɺħ֮ʱ־ĴۡħۡӹĸˣǰǿߣȻǱ˲ݵġܡоȻǣˡ硱
ˣǶȻȥģȥԺҲȥȥһطӦþǾˣеһУھˮʯֻǲ֪ʱǷܽ࣬
ǣزأЩȥ˾ĲһһûһģʱЩÿһǸʱ̫Ű˻ǿǿߣΪߵö࡭
һΣδȥ⣬ʵȴǣ̤Ŵֵˡ
ҳŲ֮ˡ
Ϊ֣Ϊ̣ħΪӣţҲֻһӡ˵̫Ű˻˺ֻ̫صһöӣӡ
ŶˣܹЩŵħЩħ֮ӰʹѾȥ꣬ҲȻΧߣ˵Χ˵ǡ޷ȥ⣬ħӰܣҲһܽ⿪Щɣ
е꣬ƬɳĮ£ƬʧϹ磬񵽵ʯ̣ҪͻȻܶˣϴǧ٣٣ССʯ̣ȻһҲû𻵡
֪ʱѾˣº˯ۣһҹδߣ㻹Ŀһ
³ϣˡ
ڷľڣЩڣѾˣҲûʲôٿˣҪȥ˻ĵ׼ȥ֮ˡ
ָٷϴˣ飬ûдģȥһҲضºѣȥҪˣº֣뿪ĵؽ磬;ǧһ
Ǹ㣬㶼ҪˣԴӦңһ𣿡
Ͽ⣬ºᣬס½ǣҲһԺҲˣȥ˾ĲҲûһġǧˣˣû֪
ת֪һֱŵʲôʱסϵĲߣȻժ
ºҲסˣһģһȻǣȻͬһˣԭĲϲߵǸ
ȵȣ
ºȻһץס֣ʱ壬ʼ΢΢ջһһ䣬˳ҴǸˣ˭
ҡ
֣ػصºĶߣţֲһ䣺㿴ˣһֱҡ
ᴵ˵ߣºһ˫۾Щʪʪģһ½סˡ
ġ³ϣ
ͻһĻʹЩ޴ˣգὫַıϣ˴˿ӵűǣ˷ֱʱĲɡ
ϴεˣѾô
Ѿûˡ
ºͻȻЩʣգɿ˵δܻ̳в֮λˣ³ϣء
˵꣬ͷҲصǰȥˣºԽԽԶӰȻ׷ȥ
³ϣ𣿡
ͣתʱºֻ۾Ѿͨͨģˮӯ˵ɲԲҪȥ
һ£ҪЦǣЦó˵Ҳȥȥ
ȥ
º˳һֻ۾ˮ˳ջҡҡͷɵϣȥɡ˵ţҲͷ
ι
ºȻ׷վһССɽϣмССĲ軨ҡתȥӰ³ϣʲô𣿡
һ̣ºֻңңʱѾ棺ڲһꡣ
һꡭ
һꡭ
ܶҲȻĶߣȻʱѾصˣԭڵĵط
һΣҲûлͷˣйԪӿĲ⾳ͻˣһɲǣȫͻƵ߲㡰޾ˣƾ·ңѳɡǡ紺ݣиԶ
⾳㣬ڰ˲ǡȥĵھŲǡ𾳡

׼ô
׼ˣͼλϣ󷨰ɡ
סͨ㲻ж̵ʱڣȥ⣬Ҽ˵ķټ˻˵󷨣Ҳ֧Ų˶á
һ֮ȫľᱻͨҲϲȥջǽɢ
ȥ֮󣬵ʱҪλ

ðɣ֪ˡ
һˣǵֻ̣ȥķûнķܷٻֻпԼ
ˣͷλҿãǰ֮Ȼδ飬ʱҵĵӡŶΪһ

󷨣ǰһڣʲôҲܲˣ·꣬뵽Уָоǵ꣬ħڣޱߵգЩ䣬ΧҲûκֻ³һ䡰һꡱ·ڶߡ


 


1963 
֪˶ãͷϷ棬ƺǡһ족˵˿ģֻһͨͨҲоءС족
⡰족ܵ⣬Ҫ̵ʱڣһ̫Ű˻˵֮ľϲȥҲ²Ǽԣֻ翵Ļɢ
ڵ˾⣬䵽ʲôط򣿼򣿻ɲֻһЩֵֹĵطܷζǧ˻ϣҲֻ֪ǰһһˡ
˼⼰ˣԥ㹦ϷȥûʲôƣֻǾңԶòŶµħ
ʱ䣬ųƵһ죬ζ̨ʦ˵ٶȣҲԼ١
žһ˶ʮʱ䣬Ȼͨûҹֵ֮ģһжԼƾоʱ䣬Ѿȥʮˣֻͻƺʱͨտʼ̫Ű˻˵֮Ѿľˣһ죬ԥ
һ죬֪ʲô죬һƬ𺣣δѾȣɲܻҲãɽҲգҪһǰһɲǣһ⣬죬ۣص˾⣬ûн֮۵ǿ
ǵھϳȥȻƻ𺣵ɽʵǰһнΪ뵽ʲôʲô뵽ѩأﺮ
ʱͨȻѾˣÿε󣬲״ԲƺţŴʱͨδ˼ޣһ³Ƶھ죬ǰȻһƬڡ
ģ
ʲôҲʲôҲܲ·աѾˣʲôûУѵǾ
⣬û죬û죬ʲôûУʲôڣֻһʶĴڣ뵽˴Īֻ̻̲ĸоʲôڣҲΪһʶǲͿԻͬΪһ壬𣿴졣
ܸоЩʲôط벻ͨŵʱǰ澹ȻԼԼһ⣬ԽԽ󣬵Ѿ֪ȥãûʱĸˣ·ȥһ꣬꣬ÿһ꣬ǹͻһЩ֪ȥ˶ٸ꣬һ㣬űǰ硣
ǡ
ʶ֪Ƿ⣬ղĸоղȷʵָоǹȥ꣬ǰǸ㣬ųΪһ硣
ǰһƬⰻȻ磬ɽˮҺ̣չšѵǾ⣿˴˼ǿ
һʱЩסˣ⣬ƺеľ⣬Щ̫һӦһƬ񵱳ɽϹۣ֮û̫û£ûǳֻħȥѣգ
ǰ˺гչﴫһֻϣ˲
ԶɽӰһһأ಻̧ͷһƣȻ죬ô£
ȻԭΪͲˣԭ⻹죬˵ĻЩ֮ϵЩѷǿߣΪѾ޾ʵ֮䡣
ûʲôܹԽģֻղָоǲŷ·һֳԽصĸоȥ꣬ǰ磬ԼʶΣ磬ҲֻԼһʶȻ޵ʱγɵĶѣԼ·һ죬һ죬ԳԽ
ǰȥ·ﻨ㣬͵֣̫ŨˣԶȹɽҪŨܹδ˴ɣһᷢɣ
δ룬죬ˡֲȸ˵ʵҲûô£ֹûô£ֱһ֮أѹ˶ˣ˾ͲˣŸһʱȫˡ
ǳ⣬ǰ򵥣ǰֻ᲻ֻǻѣһв֮ȷʵղָоκһУֻһԷǺ䳤Ƕղŵĸоԣֻһ˲ŵǻ
֮ʱȻ֮䣬Ʋ㷭ӿ޾ɢüǿϢֱ߶÷ԲɽƺУˡ
ôɰɣһô̼
˳Ϣķȥֻһϼϸ֮£ǲϼһһϮµŮӣϽ²ϼղȸܵϢˣֻʱƺѾˡ
Ůۣ㱻ѪѪˣӵٽ
ֻм׷˲Ϣ⸽תߣҲˣЩ˵ٶ̫ˣȻûʲôƣȵȣǰɣ⼸˿ȥֻ˭µĵӣ̫徳ĵӣ
ǡĳȥˣϧƾǼСС̫徳
ȵȣСС̫徳ǺϼŮӣоóŮȷʵǿֻǴ˿˼صˣˣȻŲ׵ʵⲻһλ֮ǿ߰ɣһ֮׷ɱ̫̼˰ɣ߰ɡ
ɲôĪǷ֮£ٵŪƣɾڴʱҪչʱ󼸵Ȼն˹Ȼôգ֮ˣ
һۣȥܴܲ׼һ㣬ȫкˣֲ˼ôصˣǶ׷ϣ⽣Ҳ̫˰ɣһţһչɲԶһɽȥ¡¡һ죬ղǸѱΪƽء
ǰɣô򣬾Ҳô塭
˼䣬Ѿ䵽һɽϣԭΪǼѾԶˣû뵽ת˲֮䣬˾룬ǣ⵽׷ɱң׷ɱʲôŮۣ
ȡۣ
ŮһѪӿǸղ˹ˣʱɾ룬ܹϵѪ߰ߣҺһ£ǰ£ֻ¿ȥӿֲˣȻصˣԲǶǼýĿģղǼ˵ĽôΣ޿˵ֺˣҲǷ֣֮Ҵǰֹһλ
ȵȣղ˵ʲôѪ֣ôЩ죿
ǺǣŮۣڳŲסˣԪǿأҲȲ˰ɡ
ǼԽԽԣִЩ裬ϾǰλٹŮۣһŮۣǿߣҲǲɷɾ裬мλͬʦֵܣԪ֮ˡ
ǡԿ
ŮĨȥϵѪŵԿ壬ȻֻĲҲ΢΢һϾ˾ˡԣ֣ô˾֮󣬷·˸ˣԣԣԼ˭ôоӸղ翵ĵطʶ桭ǶһǱʶ
ŮؿڣɫԽӲ԰ԪȷʵŲסˣɺޣҪȺѪħ޳֮˳͵ϮһŮۣˣСС̫徳ϣ׷ɱ˰졭ҵļͽʲôʱŸӪΪʦ


1964 
Ůۣղӣʹһ㣬ҪȻǺǡ
ǼԽԽˣʡΡŮΧܹˣмаЦҪȻһŮۣ࣬ȴʬҰ˿ˣô룬ǺǺǡ
ߡ
Ůһ䱸һѰ˼֮ƣʬҰ飬Զܳϣˣ𣬵һλǿߣߵ֪֮ж˻ΪͷѪɲֻΪľò
ʱ䣬ָߣɱ
ʱǿŮ۵뷨һ˲͹˾޽֮ˣκʵ⣬ǵķɽ˲ŮۣҲδαԷȥֻн˻ȥԷԪ
Ȼ˵Ľȷʵõˣ֪ô̫徳ģһԣֱҡͷղһǹǼɹͻ˵ˣϧϧ
ˣ㻹ߣͲ˵Լ𣿡
̫ˣʲôõҵĽӦôұߵġѨʵڲУ޳һ㣬ԪѨȥ̡Ѩ𣿡
˴ˣһִˣýƶˣ㻹˼˵Լ޽ģҪղһûýֶˡ
ʲôƨûûһСÿ
һԿôҡͷ˫ǰȻ⼸˵Ľͷ
߾ǱߵĳСӣ˭
ƺע⵽ԶڶǵĽָָˣһɲҲعǰԼ˭ոΪʶ࣬⽣ԼĽ䲻ͣǸղţΪθоԼϵ裬־һ㣿
ţ
ŮҲһղ˿һٺָӣʵִҪ˵˵ȥղֻԼΣӣ˵ʲôͷʱڴ˵ģ
ǸǣǴǵģ··˴š
ĬĬ˳ȥ뿪˵ʱŮһ³˹СֵܣͼһƬ̡
˭ʶ㰡
һۣеֻĽƺһ±øӺˡ
һ£нп಻ղֻǡԹ塱һ˵˼䣬ҪΧܱλõȥ
Ǹ㡭
һֻۣŮɫҰֽȻղǼ£ǺľʲôԪľԪǿֲƣҲδسܵסôãֻ¼ֲ˶ˡ
Сֵܡҵס⼸ˣպ󡭡лۣ
Ů˵ţһѪӿ˳½ȫѪľˣ㲻˵ͱ˵ˣϽĹɡ
һǿߵġлҲˣοһλ绪Ůۣ¾˸ţղʲôͷһãʱɱԼˡ
һһɱŮͷˡ
ţѾɱڵˣȻܹܵŮӣȷʵûɱ⣬ˣضɱڣʲô

ͻȻ䣬ҲŸһƺߣɫ䣬˴˶һۣˣǸղƬһ֣ġ㡱һΪڣýƻŮˣҲ˶ˣǿгƾһԾӰպ
Ůʱ˿ɫԻָЩдڵġ㡱ѾЧˣֻҪָһɵĹҪɱˣ練ơ
ͼСֵܡһ
Ů۲Ҵ⣬˹֮ʱðžϵķճĽʱΣˡ
ҲòĿϣСӣһƣϴ򣬿죡
һۣ˰£Ҳ̫˰ɣѵ˸ˣ˵ڽ°˵ˣ㿴˼ҽ㣬ò绨ǣٿǣһ˹֣߳ƵģҰɱ𣿡
Сӣ˵ʲô
˶ʱɱأϻˣһɱˣ
룬һСӣһСӣ䲻ǣȴδ֮¡
Сֵܡģʱƣ޷ȫɡɷ󡯣С
Ȼ˽ɽ⽣󣬺οһ빦£Ȼһ죬ľһ˿˿εɳȥǧ˿һ㣬ұ˵ڡ

ֻһҽУʱɢѸײڶ֮ƣٳһ˿˿˿ɳֱ˵澭

⼸Ҳشһ㣬ȥѵһĽҲסĿŤڵϳ鴤ѣȥʲôаŹһ
Сӣ㡭㵽ʲôˡ
һ֪أ
Լ˫ƣ񲻶ɻ󣬸ղǵʲôǾԼĹԼĹָƣղһ˿˿˿һ㣬׼⼸˵ľ֮УԼʱһֵֹĹˣ


1965 ޾
Ȼ֮䣬뵽ոմ֮ʱһ㣬Ȼһ£ȻԼǽһ翵ĵط֪ȥ˶꣬棬·ԼҲֻһʶĴڡ
ǣԼԼǳʶ˭ղʹĹǲĹΪʲôһŹǶ𣿲Ӧãµħδ
֮ڣʱⱾ͹Ī⣬ʱһЩʱջңЩʶƬʶҲ֣һԿ϶ǣԭǸ֮һκμ䶼ûб仯Ҳ֪Լʲôġ
ȡȿȡ
Ů΢ָһЩԲãһۣһǿߣˣһСС̫徳ߣɱԡΪʲôԼҲ̫徳ǰϡССˣ
ʱǰȻһ춯صһɼǿϢ˹عǰˣ̫徳ߣʵΪߣ䡢˾ͽЩ˶οֱŮס˹ԼԸףǿƣһ̫徳߰صߣԼӦ¿ŮƺҲ첻ˡ
ȿȡСֵܣסҡ
ŮɫѻָһЩɴʱܵǹǿϢɫһ²Ұȥֻǿվ
ʱҲѡˣֻ߹ȥסڣչԶȥˣȻҪˣѲɻվȶԷ
һ·ϣŮۼݣƾǧ֣Ҳƽأᣬ˲裬Ѱ˵ӵܣʵСֵܡǺˣ
룬Ǻ㶼֪ҴôܣֶòΪò绨ʲôϣ治Ǵˣ
Ůǿ뷨˵ҹϣйɲĲа֮ˣеĶȻֻɷ
һۣףʬħʱ㻹ܲô򶨵˵˻ҽһ
ȡãһ
Ů۵ɫɲҰֽ˵úأҲоóҪǽԼ϶ˣҲ֪ãԼĪⳡǷǵС
ܹȵһ˴ΣĵǿߣҲѰĻԵ컯ˣգһѣز죬ζǧҲ֪˿ģһ·Ҳãʵأ
ȣȿȡ
Ůɫ԰׵곤࡭ˡ
ֵؿһֻۣҽбõģռˣ׽ҽ㶪ɽҰɣ˰ˣףͷ͵ٰһѺˡ
˼⼰ˣһַֻŮۣһֲֻϽӡһ½˲Ǭʩչ˳һɲǣǰݳԶľ룬һƬƴ֮ϣ벻ʦ˲Ǭ⣬Чղǡһֱֻ̤·̰ɣ
⡭
ȻŮҲЩ⹦ʵղʹǺ˽Ĳ
룬ԭǿҲᾪ̾ʦĹбȻһЩ˵Ȼʦ
ʦ
Ů룬ĪҲһλǿߣʵʦǺˣ
룬˵Ҳ֪ҵصŮ
ۣ
Ů۱ǻڵһѪһ˳æţôˡһ֮̽£ȷʵأҪ֪òָܻˣǿߣ˸ǧ궼Իָһֱ˰ɡ
ȣȿȡ
ŮۿȳѪֺüЩ㳣ĪҪˣǲҡٹŮۣǣ㡭ǻСӣϷŪģ
ʱüԲ˵ôһ촭ˣתһ룬ˣϾϣһλǿߣԼƽڷδôϷ˵ˣҲˣ˺ˣһʱڿ죬ðŮ֮⣬ĪҪˡ
ߡ
ŮһߣЩɫԭɷ׵ʱҲղһЩѪɫ紵˿趯ʹشҲȻ
ʹѾѪѪŨҲڲزסһ˿˿ƢİٻԭΪ֮ǿ߶˪߲ʵģƺȴЩһһ룬ֻ˶ѣָҲЩûʲôˡ
ŮתͷǡײԼæת˿ȥǰǺδ
ŮȴûлشĻǰǾŸղŵĻߵղǰϷ˵ҲͰˣպ˵ŮʦôĶ֪
룬ôǾŮ˭ʦ

ĺƻʱƲƲϣһһɽ֣ɾסĵطôߣʱߵͷ־Ҫȥ⣬ǱϹҪɣ˵ˣȣ̩ͬɽһʯͷ
һɽϣŮ۵һЪϢһʵҪȥ
Ůϥ£˫ַڵﴦ˴˴һЩľòŵҵġԡȵٹǾͰȫˡ
ǡģҪ߶ã
šĻɡ
ۣ
һأѪˣŮüͷһôˣ˵ţʶӦһ£δĳ׷ɱ
ЩͷΣʵǡĻأ
Ůһ˵ˣ߲죬ٱĳһ·׷ɱһʮ꣬ʮҲ˵׼ôˣ
Ҫôã
оԶԶ͹ķΧ֮㡣
⻹ã
Ůֵؿһֿǰƴ˵꣬λӣΪл֮ˣɱ¾ˣ˫㣬ֳ飬ʱУĺʱޱɲߵ޾֪м˶ʱһǧꡭ
һʵǡл𣿡
ԣŮüһصصǸ㣬겻㳤㵽Ǵģⶼ֪
ţֻ֪ǡ
룬ô죿˹ζǧԼͬһҪܼôԶľ룬ҲȫʧȥˣҪȥ֮󣬻̫Ű˻ЩˣںȻоһƬҡ
ʱԶƼʺȻӿֹһǿϢƴ֮һ쳹Ůۣԭڴ˴ջδߣ
ףع߿ֲ׶ԸҪŮȥŮȴ߲ˣĳµھŸӣ£Ϊ˵ãֶκǰѡ콣ԡ콣󡯣زĶ֣֮ǰ⼸ˡ
ΰ죿
ҲһüɲʱͰѵҲѷЩ󱲣ʹʣҲͬɫ
ԶϢѾԽԽˣƲҲӿøˣŮ˹Ȼصᵯ𣿡
˿ˣղ˵ٹǱȻйأ˵ͨһ
Ǳԡ
Ů˫һֻ̧ϣʱûһɫ鲼ľƣ߸ҾǺͷһⲻʱܵһ֮پǷ
ŮһֻĦһ±飬ü⣬ǰ٣˵٣Իϧˣͬ޷ٵԺҽΣΣмǣ㣬Īǿвңܷɡ
ӹ٣ʱܵһز¶֮⼸ڷˣҷȻ֪˷ӡԷȫÿһ£ĹӦڷϵķӡ
Ǵʱ٣ϲʣֱκһ˿ëپǺƣĪϤУСܾ٣㰡
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Ů۵԰ٻ̴ľƣߣҹ飬ҵϢ۾ԶҶٻӦ
عֲϣʼһɵİٻԣ仰ôо˵㲻ҪͼҵˣȻԼһߡ
ǡҾͷˣ°Ūˡ
䣬˵ʱԶϢѾԽԽˣԷˣѾˣҲˣ֣֣𽣣Ǹϲ٣ϧ׶÷٣ɱ˼ϣ˶֪Ǻǵģ٣á
һסԺҪ˵򡭡ڹܲסԼ
á
Ҳԣϥ£ٷ˫ϥ֮ϣһɲǣϣ٣ˣ֮侹һ˿˿
ԭڴˣ
ԶˣڵˣˣջһµӣüһӡһѳɫĽ˿ȥʢˣģᣬѾ˼ǧ궼˵ΪϢ̫徳߰صӣԶ˿ɱȣ֮ǿʹ֣಻д⡣
ˣĳĵھŸӣг£⣬޾һֵ£ʮɼҵӡ
ߡ
¿أ˹˵ŮۣһЦŮۣ޴˰ɣһ·ɱʦôˣڹԹԽҹͬȥʦ𣬻ֻԭΣһ
ŴԣвһݣŮۿ˿ԭΡѵλǿߣŮۣȻǷ֮
ǵģһǰֻһֻ׺
ع˫ַ֮ϣѾò׼ֵصŮ۲ǰΪѪħ۶شˣŵŮһϢŵòֻʶ˰ɣԸڴ˴СУ񣡡
Ǻˣ
µʱĿ⣬һͷѩȴ޷ʱӰ
ֻǺˣֲѯʣ䣬һһƺ쳹أң
Ҳһ٣Ϊξܲ٣˼̫۷ΪҲӲһæ˿˾ûôˣһײʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥҪղֻһң˿ѾӸϳˡ
ȥôģ
֮ǿҲȫԤϣղֻһҶûãֻѣû뵽˴
㡭ʲôȻŮҲһ£ոջڸ˵ָӣĪԼҶңûԷôһȥˣ


1966 
㵽ʲôˣ
佣һָɱһ±øˣ˫ַϣղţѾʹôôˣôô
˵ʲô
£
㣡
һ䣬һɲǣɱ¶еĽŮָȥЦҵ˭ԭŮۣ֪˸СΪƾСվܾ𡭡
Ůڹ£ƽˮֻƽƽ£ôҲĳµӣ˵ǵûʦ֮ô
áգͽ˶ɱˣ
ô䡣
ʱ֣䵭·٣˭ˣ˵֮ǿˣֱһ
ߡ
Ŀ䣬ͻȻָһĨ콣ʱһȻƺҲ߷ӿ˳ȥ

Ůʱһ֮˿ԥָһһ೤һǡɫģһ±㽫µĽɢˡ
Ȼ̡ǡ硢ÿһҵԲͬԲͬĽʵԿ˲ܴﵽ°빦֮ЧϾµΪ֮ϣο콣Ҳǵ֮
콣󣡡
һһˣȻܳɣʱ䣬ƬƺӿֹһɿֲΪϢʱӳӿɢ˳ֱư֮
ˣվԲͬλǰǸ˵ˣѾʧȥսֻ֮Զ˹ˡ
ʱѳɣԳ󣬱̫徳صߣ⽣֮£ҲɣŵһնԲ𵴲ֹһҪŮ۶ڵɽûҷ

ŮٴηһΣͬǡң֮೤ֵܹʱ罣ơ
䣡
һ죬ͽ˴˵ˣڳϣɱȴ˿ҪŮѣܵԼĽôԼ㻻ĽŮѡ
֮ϣٴιâһղһ࣬ûôأٶȴǼ죬Լʮɣ˲Ϣ

Ůѣֱԡ֮֮ȻݣɫߣƳ̶Ľ
ŮһۣҪԼʾ
ߣ
һߣһΣֱͬķ򣬶ҲһмΪٶ죬߳ұ߼
𣬹𡢽ǣ
ŮӦæѣ򵥽Ʋˣǰ׸ѧˡ



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Ȼ㵣֮ʱܲ˲Ϣֻ˫ʮָң缲һÿһ׼˳½֮ϡ

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һأŮҲΪ֮ȻԶԶ͹˴ˣȻΪߣܷ˾ѾЩ̫徳صˣЩˣҲδ˵١
ãҡ
µͷһɢ˿۵ΪԶȫ٣Ǳһɲǣе콣ǱóҫۣΪҲͻ۷壬ֱư֮һɿֲΪϢԲƲ㷭ӿֹ
޵֮ˣȴĸ꣬ʲôЩء
˵ţٴηһ̱ȽͣƬ̣⸽ɽѱ٣ɢ˫Ѫ죬ȥ߻ħһ㡣

һȣָֻһѪ뽣УѽϣƳ֣һѪ⣬˳
𣡡
Ǽ˽һҪô˹ȥȻͻƵؾ磬˹ȣֻý³
һ㣡
һɲǣֻ˫Ѫ죬֮һ»ɣâһˣվǰеĽȻҲŴһƴذ㳯ڵɽն
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ߡ
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𣡡
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ϴŲȻһ乭һ㣬աһɿңʱ֮͡һһնϳ°ֻƣѪƺ

¶ʱһҺУֻʣƣѪ£Ǻߵ߶ˣһȻϵ֮Ҫ֪˶޳ֻ֮޳֮Ÿҳ
Ǳߡ
ٷػܿ㱻ԭӣ˿Ѫ֮ƣʵȻлһ｣ҲٶԿ
޷ƾٶѣû٣һƱ㽫𣡡Ŀѣ۲Ѫ˿Ȼʣʰ¡
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ƺָֻƽһ죬ٻ｣ϸƣϻȻҲѾɢ룬٣Ůȥ
Ůۣ١
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Ů۲£ҽٴ뿪𡣡
˵ҶԶҶܸӦ
аɡ£͡Ϊѡ輸ա
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ԣŮ㶣漴һЦаɣҺĳѾˣɱһͽΡ
ܿ˿˵δڣЩ뿪ɣղŵĴ򶷣Ȼܿ׷
㵹ͦ
Ůۿ룬ҵȻˡ
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Ů֣˿㽫ţһǰȥˡ
Ѫ̫֮أŮ۵İٻ֮ᱻľգκϢѪ֮һ·ȴ⡣
֮ʱѾһɹȣԭҲƺϣ·ֿɼʹ죬Ҳۼɾֲ䣬˾ɼұء
֮ǰʱȸ˵ЩˣֻҪȥЩĵط˵
˴ɹȣ壬ȫûڴһգǵͬʮգһ죬ֻ᲻ǵһꣿ
ȡȿȡ
ŮͻȻ־ҿ¹£ɫøӲ԰ˣ˷ǳأʱˣҲ֪ŮԼ
㵽Ǳˣ
Ҳ˵ôѪħۡȣȿȡ
Ѫħۣ֮ǰѾˣǴȥɽ磬˵ģҵʱģһħۣħûħֻвл꣬ħͣž۳ħʱħֻۣһħѣħۣı
ʱŮɹȥʵħۻѪҴмĿܡ
һҲûУɡ
ŮͣȻתͷѪиʦƹŷֻʦסħۣԿΪ֮¡ĳҲ˱ᡣˣһɲһ𾳡󡭡
һ˵ţŮһǰȥɲȻ֪̤֮֮ǡΪžħΪ𾳡Ϊɲ
ĸǿԹҲû˵ֻǿߣʼմͣҶᡣ
ĸ򣬱ޱɲ޾޼򡣳ĸ򣬵ȻطֻЩط㲻ƴ˿ǰôˡ
˵
ʵ𣿡
Ůۿ¹ϣ˼ֲ԰ףҲ˼覡
ˡ
գҡҡͷߣȴ룬֮ǰƺ˾⣬ħҲ֪ȥɲ򣬵ȥģһ˰ɣ
ԣŮȥȡʲôȥޱɲ˳ò˰ɣҴ⻯쾳ߣȴ⵽ѪħۣһԶʤˣֻ¾ޱɲˣɾˣҲˣ֮ʱֱĳ˰һ·׷ɱֱգԼˡ
ǲһ
ꡭҡ


1967 ˰
㲻ȥˣ£ɹȥˣ仨׷£̶һˮ沨ԣӳϵ
ȡȿȡ
ŮɫӲ԰ˣǰüˣʱƽᣬϵˣѾԽԽˣǱʲôУհֻǼ˵ѪѪɳʲôѪأֻȥҲ˵粻ʰա
仨̶£̶ˮףӳŶ˵Ӱˮеӣƺֲ԰˼֡
ҪϴȥѪ֮ȥ棬һ
һ̣ŮҲϸ࣬浣һɿֱ׹̶ˮˣʵһΪأΪƵĵǿߣ֮󣬾ˡ
ŮСġ
ҲˣСɿ˿üͷȥˣҲȫȻֻϵƣͬأҲϵһˣһپ٣һ
ȥ棬ƬƬ仨䵽ϣƮüϣг⸡ϣܻǰǸһǿƣһҲûС˼һУ޷֪ˣ˸Ӧûһ
֮ô죬֮־ںδδ룬ʱ
հ죬ɱǳ£Էһ·׷ɱɱϾһλһλǿµӣԹǽˣպĳȻֻһսǿߡɲô֮ǿߡ
ŮۣΣҪ취Ů۵ƾָֻŮܶԸĳ
ϧŮ˵أƲתأ˽£ֻһ졭ȻʱԼ֣εס˷Ϯǿ߸֣棬Ҳ֪ʥһЩܷٻ۹½꣬Ҳٴ˯˰ɡ
뵽˴üŨˣתͷ̶ˮȥ¹֮£Ů۳٣Ὣѻ䣬ͻȻֹ΢΢תͷʦû˵ӣ
Ǹֻǡˡ
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հˣƴѨţǾѨٱһǾԶˡ
Ѫ֣Ѫһƣºѽ⣬ŮǳֻһĶȥ

ˮ峺һˮ˳ѩȥϴϵѪϲһˣܵȫȻˣ
Լһϰ»һ׸ɾѣ˳ֽԭǼѪ£Ϊ˻ҽ
𣿡
΢΢תͷʱŮѾߵĻ֣ʱϴϵѪպϵİٻ峺ˣţһֳ˯ĸо
ҡ
Ůۼһ
ţͷϻմˮͷֱֻ۱ģʵȥģ
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á
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Ҳ֪䵽˺δ޾򻹺ãʲô֮У˾޵֮ˣҪ䵽ħȥˣ˶Ҫɱǣ
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⡰ԪľΣʱҪôȥžֻܶáԪˣԪģȻ̤뷽ԪҲκܳܵסġ
Ů۾Ԫ޸ʵڣʦġһšһŲ㶯ãһţƱػԭΡ
һѴͨˣһѱԷ⡰һšġһϡУ⡰һϡϺδԼû֪
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ʱԶȻ߰˵Ӱò绨Ůӣееģϣһ˿޳λǧ꣬ɴЩ
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ãá
ʱע⵽һԵŮʵ㣬λǡ
ҸյĵӡһŮۿ˿ã
ʦ塣
ȻŮ۶ô˵ˣҪ˳Ļ£ȥһⱦǸûʣ϶˱ʯյҲ飬黷Ƶɹ˼伫ټûм
㣬㣬㾹Ȼȥޱɲ򡭡⣬̫Σˡ
˿̣Ů۽ȥޱɲȡһ˵ˣ֮󣬺Ĳ죬ַ߷ߵĳ̫ɶˣҪҵв϶ڶ
һţŮ۾͵ô𣿶˵ӲƲ¶ϴʲôͲ¡ˣ˼ҽõ£Լһˣʲôʸ๡
ԱЩŮСһһ飬һһϵҺȻСֻϲʲô˼ȴģȥƲˣһҺƺ㴼ǿɿڣһһ̰Щ΢ˡ
Сٺһ
С磬С磬Ɑġ
߿ҵľƸСȡ
СǵҲаȷЩŮˣһһС磬Ʋˣ˶ˡ
С磬
Ѿˣ⵽ʲôƣΪΪξȻⲻ֪˾Ϊ˵Щۣ̰Ҳǵϸҹɡ
ǣöԹ񣡡
ѾˣȺСһ䡣
ûû
С˵ÿСԺ˺òã
ߣߡ
ˣҲѹ֣ղΪֻѰƻ뵽Ƶĺңиֻͻ˯ȥˣʱŮ˹һ
Ůۣ㡭㡭
Ѿˣ˰죬ԼҪ˵ʲôҲԼ˭㣬ÿʲôԻΪòΪΪǣˮΪġҿò
㡭
Ůԭɷ׵ӣʱôһͨƺ˵Щˣһ仰ֱӱ¶ˣĵӡ
ۡһЦλӣû˵ѽ޾˵ڶ˵˵Լһ
ҲȡЦҡ
أŮһ¸ˣ·ʱҲһ˾ƣǰһŮۣĸģ
ˣˮأ
Ůæסˣղ˵̰Ҳ֪ЩƤС׸˶ٱѲԶˣ
㣬ȷȥ˯һɣԺԡǧ¶Ѿơ
á
֮ǰһ·ϣڻˣȵһ޵ĸ̲ס˿齵ȥֻץŮۣ˳㽫һҲȥԼ
㣬ʲô
Ůɫ΢䣬ˣʹʱֻֽţҪν͵壿
㣬㡭ôӣſſ
һ½øˣ޵ķ˴˿̵ƣ˵
δ롭δ룬ңҡһҵҵ֮󣬾㡭
϶ĻеŮһɫһСӷ˰ɣҪȥ֮δ룬δ˭
㣬㣬˯ôҰǧ¶ˡ
ʱȻ˺Ůɫ΢䣬æ֣Ѹһͷãˡ˯ˡ
ûϵҲιȥ
šǧ¶˽Сι£˾ƣ˯ҪȻ˯Ҳ˵׼
ˣӦûˣ֮
ллˡ
㣬ôʲô
ߣôòҶˣ϶˰ɣԲŲҺߣ
˵
˭ոհѽãס濴һֹۣʹһЦ
ԺͰɣڣˣ
֪֪󣬽

죬Ҳ죬ÿ춼һΡһΣʦһֻ񣬻ƺΪʦڶΣʦ˾ŮƺƺʲôţΡΪΣΪξǣ
Ȼ˹͵̧˫֣ΣΪξôֲ棬˫մѪǰμʣԭֵѪȻʦѪΪ棬Լɱʦ


1968 
ˡˡ
ʱһȻһŮ峺С磬С磬ˣ𣿡
ѹ˲ϵ亹ˣԼȻ죬μֵξƵʲôơ֡
ˡˡˡ
ˣŮС磬С磬֪ոˣѽ
ˡˡˡ
ͣԽԽ֣ôֵܳģ죬޹󣬱߿һֱ
Ƭ̺ѣȥţЩŮſ͵ĶһţЩŮȫ˵
ǡ
ǰЩÿɰŮеѾȫ޳ΣеĻûȫ޳ɣͷϻë׵ĺ䣬ѩ׵βͣҡҡȥҲǿɰ
ЩСͬЩʮŮһǵ񣬸峺ûκǣ˵ΪɣΪôΪЩһȴ峺Ʒܲ廨ŵ˼
С磬С磬ѽ
Сǻÿɰʱѣǲ£ʵǸŮأ
ѽʦȥŵúü²ųأȥɡ
Ҫô
ѽѽС磬Ǵȥ𻨺Ǳߣˡ
һȺС£һƬɫĻǻ裬ˣȴǺˣڷѼ֮ء
С磬С磬㿴Ƿ䣬Ҳĵط𣿡
š
Ҳ˵һָоܻûȫѹɣ̼ǵǱ֮ǵһξǸξȻʼտԼģǸ棬·֮ģʦԣ飬ʹݲݣҲӦȥݲУǸ棬磬ˣΪ
ڶξ˶£˫Ų£۷ҲΪΨʱЩأǸһõĺ˰ɡ
ڵڶ˶£СһλŮǲŮˣһͷ˵ޣʲôʲô軡
ڵξʬɽѪڻԾ䡣
С磬С磬ôѽ
Ȼ񣬼С궼ȥعȥֵֹξˣ˵û¡
С磬᲻ᣬϲѽ
Ůգһ˫ˮشۿë׵Ķ䣬βͣ㶯ˣѩӣ˭˲ϲأΪʣ
š
Ů죬һü˵Ϊүү˵˶ϲȥ˵磬ǱҪǣɱǡ
ġ
ҡҡͷ˼䣬ȷʵˣɣߣȻɱֻ׽ɣ֮˵ݲ
ǰ֪ʲôѾˣԼɡ
𣿡
Ůһ˵һֱøһٻȹŮЦտС磬С磬Ա𣿡
⡭
ǰЩɰŮȻ֪ǶЩС꣬ɱϾ⡭˿ðɣȻѾûбġˡˡ
֪֪үү˵ŮܲסǣͿ
߰˸Ůԭת˸ȦȦʱ˺ӣеһβеβеβûгβġ
С磬С磡
Сһֻһֻֻܵȥˣһֻ֣ȻſͷȥһĻа𰿴񲻾°ͶˣŽССݵ÷뿪ߣ
գСǴ£Ϥ˰һҲ·ˣ壬ˡ
һգһͷ׵İٻϣһйɺǿϢСƽյƤˣﶼȥΨǱ߲ȥæסСС磬Ǳ߲ܹȥˣٹȥˣʦˣԸǲùȥš
ô
Ǳ߰ٻ׷ɣŮˣҲȥˣֻǲ֪Ҫų²֪ζǧѺڣ̫Ű˻ˡ֮ЩǺͷ
ֹȥգѾȥһˣԲŮۣ룬˵ôأһЩҲ֮С
һ糿ڿŮ۵ãǸˣĵкܸߣϲκȥʼպŮЩͬ˵ΪȥԶϸ˵ָо
ŮۿȥȫˣģˣҲˣκεطκεص㣬˰һ𣬲ǰʲôھȷȷʵʵˣϵȻȫȥˣɾŮ̫ۡһȻȫû壬ȻǺ֮
һӣôһСûкһ𣿡
šҽգһ˹ŮΣ
Щоϲκα仯üˣ˵ƺأҪܾöܳ
ԣͷֲõĸоˣʵܾáǣŶã
šǿĻһӰɡ
һӣ
ʹѾ׼ҲһһӣһӺ˼䶼֪ˣԼҵδôܵȵһӣʮ갡ͬ˴ˡ
һӣЩ˼ЦЦһӣԣǺܿģˣǷ֮ˡ
ˡŮۣû˵ʲô

ͷЩΪѵӣֹ޷˵ǣŮԭô˵ģ
㣬
գ̧ͷ˵ߣ˺ˣҹӡ˴æҡҡ֣ҿɲǸߣֻҽԭǽԭ
֪ˡ
ü΢յ˵ͷһӣ¶ԣȷʵЩãҪһӺ󣬵ˣ˰ʱŮۻϡ
ã
ҵ˼ǣأˡ
š
ҲˣСʵǹӴ㣬ʱ
²˳٣ͽհɡ
͹ӡ
͹ˡ

ȥ棬ɫɣܣٻŮ۾˵ʲôһĻһȥŮ۵ĻΣķ£Լ
Ůӣǽܣ£ҲȻûиߺԺ֪Լϣԡ⣡
ˡǱŮΣգ
뵽ʲô۷ȥô˵С̫ߣϱ˰ҲȫСĴأ˺ȻˣǾҹǱȥˡ
ҿʮСÿҹ䣬˰Ľ󷨣ȫָƣҹǱȥСһЩ˷֡

ҹǧޱߣļ
ʵǺ֮أľֻתֻתȻ
ﲢֻб˰һֺĻŸָĻɫ෱࣬ǰˣĿѣѣǷ紵ɽһƬһƬĻƲһ㣬ֱĿϾӡ
ǵҹ٣ÿһ仨ĻеөЩөССâ۳һƬһȥۼЩĲľ
˿ڡŮ棬˵ĵڶʮ죬΢һЩؿһֲѪɫӡҲʧˣֻѪɫӡʧˣˣȻڡ
Ϊ˲Ӱմ˵زľȫѶȥˣʱŴƣڻөĲľͨ󷨾Ĺ覵ϣҲۼ
㡭
ʱƬиOO@@𣬽ֻһµŮ˹Ǻ
㣬ЩƺЩô
ߣܴʱŮһ˿մö˺ܣǲЩŮ۾Цʱ಼ļ󷨣Ҫģڲһ²㰡˴簮ع˹κСҲֻ뵽ˡ
ȻˣҴ
ͷһ֮һ֮ŮߣʼǸԶҲСꡣ
壬
¹֮£۳ճյؿŮ۵壬壬¼ˣЩʲôɵŮ˲֪١
ճյؿţ˫ϴѩģ·һСģͻⴵƵļ
㰡
ǰö˱ܣŮ۱Ҳֲˣֻ֣˳壬ؿڣһֱ·ÿһ缡ôԼԡ
ɵǧǰʱһֻ꣬Ԫ׽ȥһȺһ𣬹ԪҪǵѪŵҹҹҲԲŮǡþԪӵɹк֮һŮ۾ǡ
Ϊʲô壬ô
һ㣬ḧŮ۵壬£ŮҲˣ㲻֣ɵ˫־ԼḧȻ˫ȥŮ۲ȫ˸飬һ֮дüһôƤˡ
Ҫϲ塭
ԲȰȻһѹϣظϣص㣬Ϊʲôôȴأô
㡭ôˣ
ƺ˿̣ŮڷЩͬʱȻƤɴˣҹ֮УΪξһ˸֮⣿ѵΪǺ֮𡭡
㡭
һֻ֣δͣ£˳СѨƵ¡ԪѨȻ̽ȥŮ۵ʱȫһһ˲߱ȫɣ
ʱ֪ΣȫȻϱѹϣ޷ƿԷ
ʲôͣ£
ŮȻɫĺ̫ŹˣǵƤˣôˣ
ʱ´оɷ׵ӣһ紵޷ͣˣ˫ؿ㣬òá
㣬˵ʲôҪƤˣӽȥǳϽˣ˰
ϲģѷԸˣκ˶λѣҲˡ
˵ʲôһˣ
Ůɫһ䣬н磬˿޷Ӧ٣ѵԷ
ţǰƭ˾ǺƭϾˣѾߵúԶ˰ɡ
㣬㵽Ҫʲô
ŮһĿʼܣܵģ
Ҫ塭
㣬˵Ҫǣʲô˼
һ̣Ůɣ֪Ҫʲô˵ԵģǲĻӽȥ𡭡
ҾҪ壬Ҫ塭㣬㲻ۺ𡭡
һ̣ŤӣȴǺ棬ŮѾסˣһ̣ڲȫѨȻ޷˹ˣѵǸղš
ղź̽ȫĸʵȴһһסѨֻ̫أнȣ⸽ĹŹ󷨣Ȼ˿ûвȵʱѾˡ
Ȼ֮䣬ɵӴˣȴһƵȥıϣ˫ỷظ˵ҪǲԸҪȻѡһšòã


1969 ֮

һأŮǵɫһšĸֵʱ򣬾֪ԲڵƤˡ
㲻ǶԺô
һֱ̣ɵһˣӰһţܹ޳ˣҲ֮ˡ
˵ʲô
ŮȻɫ䣬ʱȫѨ⣬ãϽо֮ɫĻҪ˺𣿰ѽϵѨ⿪
ΪʲôΪʲôڣ㻹Ǿúֻںء
ģżԹżˣ֣Ƭĵө⣺㣬㿴ǺһĹޡֻתֻת֮ǻԶѲˡҲ룬Ҳ롭
˵˵ţѾЩʧأҲҪˣҲҪˣôˣʼΪʲôΪʲô
侲侲˵Ļ𣿡
ŮϽ£޷תͷȥ޷ʲôֻ졣
ҺޣҺޣҺҲˣΪʲôôҺޡ
ͣ£ͣ£
Ů˫ĿԲȴ󣬿˫ʮָ˷צӣԼץץѣҲץ˼ץԼѪ
㲻Ҫ˺Լ𣿺ĻҪ˺ԼΣǱ˵ˣⲻһء
Ů۳԰οĺʹ侲ڵº˺º᲻ͣ˺Լ
ʲôãپã㳤һ
ˮһһŮȻ㣬֪ôˣôŬôʼֻǺ޳Σʼ׺ʹ𣿼ǧҳǰΪҲҳȥһȥùԪ׽ȥˣҪΪʲô
ģġĻ𣿽⿪Ѩ뱧㣬𡭡
㡭
ˮһһߵ˫ȥɽ㲻ͬһţԶȥ֮ˣѾ˵ˡ
ŮۿֵץѪľΪʲôҪ˺Լ
ŮۣߵŮۣЩۣǸĽŽ㣬Ǻأʼգû˿϶࿴һۡ
Ȼ䣬˫ͫףҲ˺֮ͫᣬҺޣΪʲôǺΪʲôҪΪʲôһңԶԶģΪʲô
˵˵ţ˫ֲצӣһһŮ۵ļѪһһ͸˳

Ů۷һߣŻعæצӣŵص㣬Բ𣡺Ҫ˺ģ㣬𣿶Ǻã˵˽㡭
㲻ۣ⿪ϵѨ𣿽뱧㡭
Ů۽⣬κ˶ῴֻкܹ
ڵӣҲý㿴
ӰһƿȥĵصӽԸģΪǰȴλ۵һŶ˽㣬ΪȴԺ˲
˵˵ţĵؿŮ۴ʱȴ㯵һʣһգҲգؿǰƬЩөǵ㣬ƮԼؿһһ㣬˿ڡ
㣬һŸɡ
ͻȻ䣬˹Ůһ˹һܹԸоϴԴϢ
㣬㶼һˣúҲ˵ζ𣿽㣬㲻ۺ𡭡
ɹܵϢԽԽˣŮ۲һݣ˵вܲסһš
ûûϵһ°ɣ¶ϲɫе
С
ŮնһţǶϷвܲסһŵֻɢɡ
Ҳţ
ͻȻ䣬ʧˣ˫۱ɺͫзХǽ㲻ϣ᲻ã˵ʲôۺˣƭ˵ģ᲻ðһŸңҲҪƭң
侲侲
Ů˫ĿԲУҪ취ôȥ¡ǣҪΰѾʧȥˣԼֶˡ
㡭ҪǲңǺֻԼȡˡ
һ̣ͻȻЩˣŮһҪʲôҪҸһţҲȽ⿪ҵѨ
㣬㻹ΪôƭҺòס㣬ԽУˣҲ򲻹
ԽԽˣѾһѷذף¹£ɭ£㣬Ҫֺ˺㣬ǽ㡭
˿̣Ѿ߻Ůǰɫ£·ħһذףϼ
ذż˿˿䣬ŮԽԽ죬۾ҪȴֶˡҪʲôҪ
ȴûֻؿ壬һţϹáСڡ
һЩѨλһذ׻ͣˡѨϣ૵ڡţӦþˣԭһŲھѨһƣȴһҲûСţˡ
Ҫס֣
һ̣Ů¶֮ɫһϲھѨǾѨѪġѪ֡һԼɣǺ֪ѪӡûˣΪԼ˺ˣʵȻ
㣬Բˣ㲻Ҫֺ
ǧһ֮ʣɽǱһȻһúף顱һһ±㽫˳ȥ
ʲôˣ
˫һ±˳ɫܹںҹпκˡ
ңÿˡ
ɽǱ˹Ů־ϲϲˣڰѵһжˣԼʱմƣҺ⻨ïܣĻԼԼסԼӡ
ôûߣ
ĺͫһҲü࣬һЦߣΪˣôƭôǾãҺһ
˵˭죬Ŀ･͸׹⣬˫ֵצӣҲٴγ˳ôϢƿЩ󷨵ġ
ҪлЩСˣȻǡɡ󷨣֪һ
㡭ɶ񣡡
ǡôβ¶ô
ЦһŮβ͡ĸ֣һţȻ£򻨴Ůۿȥ㣬ô
ŮҲһ£˵һô˵
ղſҪɱأ
￴һۣⱿŮˣʲôʱѹղһҪѨ˽ȥѾ˵ˡ
㣬ʲôʱġ
Ůת⣬ЩѵڰѸղһж
˵һšʱ򡣡
ԣŮ˿ãҪ֮ǰסԼѨһĻȥˣԼԺ󣬻ôӣ붼߳ܣԼˣҲŮۡ
ôЩ
仰ŮǴЩŭҪͲкЩˣѵרϷ
ŲԶĺЦҪˣܿ¶βͣǴ˾ʾ׵һĻˡ
㡭Ҫɱ㣡
һʧˣ˫ѸٱѪ죬ƺáβ͡ĸ֣Цôʹˣ

Ȼ䣬£ɢȥ֮ʱһѪ⣬ԭ׵£һ̾Ѫɫ
βͷһɿµѪɫ˹ҲеϢȥǿ
ɺģֲһزëˡ
ˡ
ŮҲʧɫ˲ôʱûˣ⿪ҵѨ
ɴʱйȥѨⶼԹ˲Ͼˣһ˲䣬ľβɨһɿ磬ƬʱɢƮ㡣
ɶ࣬Ҫɱ㣡
Ҳˣÿֲѣ̫ǿ޷ӲļǧУҲǳصġ
ܿ죬ѱĴǱӴܣҲ˵ǿ󷨣˭׶ԸȻҪһ㣬ܲҪóŮ۵棬ɱðɣ
ˡǱˣ
ŮǱɫӴܣУôȥ֣ǰ취Ѿˣ뽫ס˼ˣֻһӣһ̹˳ȥʱɢΧѪʦаȻҲڡ

УʱһҽУ˳ȥҲѸСˣϵѸȥ
ԭһ̣ԥָһǹâʢһն˹ȥ

һأӴˣ˵ãһһ·סǰҵ·

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Ů۴ʧɫŵ㣬㿴۸ҡ
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ȻŮҲܵõѽʮֲѰܿ壬ͷһۣŮˣûпղҪɱ𣿡
㣡ֿʼ죬ֺǰ
ǡǽҵⲻˣ
ָһӣ˻մȥָ⿪ŮϵѨ
ŮѨԽ⿪̴·һ£ߣһ³˹ȥһ½ţ𣿡
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һ죬ֽһѨɣˣԼһ˳ȥʲôĳ
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СŮḧıοԽãֻҡͷȥԩԩ
ԼһŮ۲ߣ߰ɡ
أ
ʶ滨һۣԼɼС
Ů̾ǰȥˣ飬Ȼټڱ˰ˣֻúѹٵȼ꣬ɣϣʱѾˡ

ȥģ
˱˰棬һĿȥǧޱ޾ƺŮϵȻһЩȬúܣڲڱ˰ˣҪȥ
һ̣ҲȻһ֣ããȴ޴ȥĹ¶оҪԼûŮۣ
԰ɡŮۿǰһ޼ʵƺ˵
ϵأҪԣǵöꣿüҪǸղŷЩ£һõ֮ء
ûϵ
ŮҡҡͷعͷмͽôûлȥǱȻ֪ҳˣһȵģ˵Ѿ·ˡ
ͽ
ѾЩʼĻˣ֮ǰĵѱ˰˵ôãأʵǸͽΪΣ
Ů۵ǰ벽ȣǱ㲻£ĳСһ塯ı£Ա𲻻ǴһԸˡ
аɣһΡҲֻˣȻѵԼһȥζ
Ůۿ֮ǰǲҪˣ
ǡ
ǰƺζǧѣŮ͸¶һ㡣
ģٹڶ࣬ʱǳȥѰңȻޱ޾ҲҵõУ˵֮󡯣Ժٸ㡣
Ů֪֮󣿡
һ̣Ů۵˵ͷԺ˵һʱ˵壬ңҲȥ
á
ټˣֻҪܹҵ֮Ǿͺá

֮Ѿ˰ԶˣŮۼһ·²⣬ʵôˣ
ü΢ͻȻ뵽ǵٿѾ¶ˣ֮ǰڱ˰ͣһ£ĳˣ᲻ᡭ
Ů֪ĵǣ˵ģ˽Ὣǵøĳġ
˽ϻ㱻ɱˡ
ȥ£ͲҪˡȵȡ
һ̣ŮۺȻͣɫñ֮ǰκʱҪ棬һһէʵôˣ
ǵûȥ
Ůأصղ˵òǵٿѾ¶ˣԺӣԲܽҵٸ߸ĳˡΣգ嶼Σա
ȵȣ
һסһأһš
ܡ
ŮԽԽ֣أһˣǿЩȥʩչĲ
ǡˣ˰ɡ
޿κΣԩҽãϱҲֻôʩչ˲Ǭ˰ϻȥˡ

һΣŮۣȥˡٲڣͽﳹ׻ҷֻء
ԭλɾĻʱȴΪһֲ֣콣ն£С궼˻֮¡
ѪѾȾƬ


1970 ħ
˰ദ󷨶Ѿƻˣʣһ콣£Ҳҡҡ׹СǾӣӵӲնĽ
ʱ˰ģ˼ʮӣ߰˸ȥмߵߣԼһµӣüһɫӡǿΪϢ±Щ͸ˣȻһΪԶ֮ǰǳ֮ϣҲ̫֮
ĳĵĸӣСղԽ˱˰Ĵ󲿷ַ󷨡
治ô
±߲ӴܵĺǺ֮βʱѾ㾡ȫϧԪջδָҲܹһʱϣѾǽˣȴɺݺݵϵ
Ǿͱֱˡ
һУʱƷӿףҪ˰˲ûҷСŵƴӴܣǲǼˣѾڸ½磬κһֻҲӲȥǿ磬ֻûɢ³
ϣץ˼ֻ
ʱм˲ԣ⼸ץŵģ֮ǰմǼֻС꣬ʱŮŵþʧ룬֨
ǣ㻹۸ֻСʲô£б³
£лƣϧǰ죬Բ֮ҹǿü
ȴûȥǼ˾ŵŮȥ׽סһˣʵңһǰˣ
֪
ŮССӱסŵɫɷףֹҡҡͷ㲻˵ʵϲ
˵꣬Ǿ޴һ󣬵ʱѪҽֱӽŮһƬѪ⣬ȻһһƬѪ⣬ֻһѪɫġ

Ŀѣһ³ȻȴԵߣһնȥ
˵ѵ³
ǺŮ⼸ŵûʧɫŮǰӹһһӽסˣһȼɫ¯ʱϴҵĺ֮
˪Ҫ
Ѫᣬ¯ǻɢҷֻҲ벻ˣˡ
һ£⼸ŮŵĵѣȴÿǼӣ
ʦ𣬸
ʱһӾȥһŮŸղһĻǲ޶ԣԴΪһҲԣϾֻҲϣοأЩݲ죬ѵ˼껨ݲݣǻʹ
׽סѾŴ˵ĺŮʵң˺ڡ
ֻСë׵ĶβͶδյýȥʱŴﻹ˵
ۣ
һҲͬղǰ㣬ֱӽŮһƬѪ۳һ¯
̶ѪᣬƷ˿һ޷ǼߵĽ
ޱ˵ѵˣǣҶ¯
䣬һʣµļŮҲɱȻ۳¯ɢ
ڼǰǻ棬Ҫȥ˵ãˣ˺ǣҲǡ
ô뱾Ե³ʦĳԵ³
Ŀ䣬˵ȥЩȫ׽ȫ¯Ԫͨͨˡ
ǣʦ𡣡
¯ϴҵĺ֮ܿ죬Ů˽ȥеĶû۳ֱӰ˸˽ȥ
һʱ䣬

ĿѣѪ۾ǿֲʱ߼𣬽֮һͻȻʮӣûӦֱӱеնϣеĻΪѪԪ¯Ҳݻˡ
һ뿪
ʴֻƲӰ˲Ϣﱧ٣ݷ˵һǱ߹ȥ
̫۷ΪǻܿסǵЩӾ꣬ղŻڵ׽꣬ѾԹ˲Ͼ£Ѳˣеıնȥ׼еıնֽţеıг߰˶ΣѪȾƬ
߰˸̫徳ߣܹƾԵֲֵѱɫ޸ղǵȡǿĴ̬֮
˵ˣ죬һҲգѪϴ
ǣ쳹أƴصĽһ㣬̼䣬㽫Ǽʮȫնɱ
ƬʱѪ֣Ҳɫ䣬Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵ˣܶ٣Ҳû뵽

Ů۹˲ô࣬һ³Ǳ߷ȥһ±סҲ̲ס㣬ɱ˱𡭡
ãһɱ
һɲǣŮñ£һɿֲΪϢӿɢ˳ȥһ̣·ֱ˴ǰǸħҲηŮۣ
ɵϢ£˵ʱֿǰ˸߿Ҫ̲סϢˣѾ̤̫徳۷ĲҲ̲סһˣĿ¶ɫܣشѪѪħ͵Ϯָܻô졭
ΪһȴЩ޹С֣գŮۣ֮Ȫ
һɲǣһɰɽΪϢŮӿɢ˳ȥҲеһϣǿΪܣôᡭˣⱿŮˣ
ȻŮǿжˡԪɲġԪô򵥣ԪˣպԪˣͬԪֲû
ȻҲŵˣϾһŮۣҪǶԷûˣһҷﻹڶԷǰҰʱǿĵϢղǰ򶨲ң
һ˲䣬ֻ˫ϴѨһ͸˳ȻҲǽ⿪ĳַӡΪ̫徳ھأɾˣҲȻֻǱˮнŮһǡԪָʱѾܲסɿµֱ֮Ҫһ㡣
һ̣󣬺Ȼһ£㲻Ķ֡
ͻȻһӰҲٿȻǿΪϢʱӿ
ٴ΢΢һϣϢ벽
ʦ𡭡
ӦԷ˳ȥǵɫӰ˲Ϣɰ˷Ϊһƣ䡱һŮһָϣǿȥ˫ˣҲһˡ
ĳ
ֻһ£üһɫĵӡУָǰƮݣȻĳı𣬶ʹҲѾ˰벽Ϊ
Ůۣþò
ĳĿŮϣԶ˫Ŀ΢΢һ㣬ɱͽ¡
ɱɱˣͽܣҲɱˡ
Ŀ䣬ŸղĲԷ֮ǿΣµǿ⾳ľǿߣҲϢѹס
ȻĳҲóĲ̫֮Ȼ˿޾ԼĵϢ˾Ǻһ۾޷֮͸
ôĿ
ʱվ˳ղŮһ´ЩǱʦˣȻһСָյ˵ҪɱˣţôҲһ
ô㲻š
ؿһ֮˿֮ˣ񣬷Ƿ֮ǿ߿̫徳ߣһ̾ȻЩôܣСӡΣ˻
ҪռȻһɲǣѹǰҪδһɱδѶ̫ˣǰ֮ɲ֮

һ͵һˣΪ߳Է࣬ҲӲٵҪƾٽɱҲܣϾΪ̫ࡣ
һߣĳŮ۶ţŮۣͬΪ޾ĵѣսҲɱ㡣
ǡ
ŮЦһҪʲôߣǡ
Ŷ
һɲǣĳ͸һ㺮⣬һɴʱմЩ
޵֮ˣ㣬޾ҿ޾ħ򡯣Ҳûʲôɡ
Ȼˣ˵档
ĳһЯ֮ƹŮǿԪٶȽ֣ʱƺӿֹֻ벽֮˽֣һǱ𣬶һû˵Ļǿˡ
նһ󣬺ûָ˰ѿ֧ŲסһȫֻƬǿĹ£ʱҷ𣬵ʱСûһӡ
ʱĳδĶٷŮȴǿŲסˣ֮ʹǿԪܳŶãȥֻʹò׻ָһƣٴμ񻯡
Ů˿Ųסˡ
ĳɱ⣬һ˲䣬ֻн˸ɫӡȻŮ۹ȥգ
գĳġ֮һдӡߣȫϣˣһɲǣŮǸܵɱ˫һʱٻ׷ɣԡٻҡֵӡһʩϣСѨȻһʹѪѪʱˣһġٻҡȫɢ
ˡԶǲ쳣ɴʱһ𣬸ʩȡ
ûᡭ
ŴʱŮƷĳʹȫԪҪһشŮۣס
㣡
ۼҪĳһ̣±߻ָĺҲ˲ôˣһ³ĳȥҪ㵲һ
Ҫ
Ů˫ĿԲһ˲䣬ĳġաѾ˺ϡ
ۣ
һѪֱӱΣȫϣɢƷве׹ȥ
ɺޡ
ĳʱĿ¶⣬޷ڶΣۼҪشסˣ
ŴʱȻ޷ٷաɻܶһƣŮ۴ȥȴϣԶһһȻ
ʦ𡭡ʦ𣡡
С궼˹ˮɺϢŮۻѾ˵ҲеˣǧУܳܵסĳľͨһϣۼǻˡ
㣬㡭Բ𡭡
֮ǰŽ㣬Ů˫ᣬһ֮̽£飬ѻ١ˡ
ĳ¶ɱָһһɫķɽͻȻɱȥһ죬˻ȥ
СӣԺʰ㣡ĳָԪղһ¡աͬԪ
㡭ҰˡҵƱָܻһЩ
޶ʱֻһֻǿļ仰˵꣬һ˵꣬Լȴɢˣөһ㣬ɢƬ֮С

ŮŵөץȥȴʲôҲץסϻ䡣
ϲˣҪһڽߡ
㣬Բ𡭡
ŮˮǾ˵̣ǰһĻһĻ龰Ҫ뿪㣬Ҫ뿪𡭡
ڣөҲˣɢؼ䡣
ˡ
ˡ
·ѪȾĻµŮۣȻеͷʹ˫ͷ˫۱ԽԽ졣
ˡ
ˡ

ͷʹѣ֡ˡˡˡһɲǣ˫۱Ѫ죬Ͼһɿµħӿ˳ȥ
ħ
һ̣ĳǰ˸ߣһϣصħ
ȻħǱա˳ֳȥħ
һ
Ů۴оѹħҲסˣħǸˡ
¡¡
֮ϣȻƣӿֹ·춼һڣǺɫħѽ档
ûˣޡ
һɲǣɫħ棬һֲϸǵֹȻһ磬ȴȫħ赲档
ǿħ
һ̣ĳҲס˺ȸղŵħǿ࣬ܣСǿһħ˵ڴˣǱֻҲӦħˡ
ڣǹɫħѪ⣬۾һ˫Ѫɫ۾ĳȻһϣ˫۾ܣܣ



1971 ǰļ
ڣħɢȥˣֳǵӰ֮ɽӾֻϣȻһŲߡ
ڣ˭
˿⣬ǿĳЩˣҲ޷ͨߣµգֻܹһ˫Ѫɱ۾
ĳȫһ𣬵ܿ´ˡ޿ܣȽ֮ȥǡ
ħȻ޾֮Ҳգգ㽫ȥ
ĳһУ֮УէһϹ⣬ͬʱһһһϹ⣬Ȼ˲ۺϳһâ
ĳһѡ۫˵ֻķô˿۵ĽҲ۫ˡ
ħɲ𣡡
ĳ񽣣ԥһֱնɱȥһ֮񾪣벽ǿߣ˵ǿɾâɽ֮ʱָһһ족ɳ˲仯ʮɾ޽
⾹֮ǰնɱºȡõġ｣｣Ҳã콣ҲգʱһͬƲɵһײ䣬Ʋ㷭ӿĳһâв֮ơ
ôܣʦ𡭡
ǾɫʱʦĽȻ۫ȴ۫һҲѰɱȣʱΪξֲס˵Ľ˵ĽȻϳˣʦܳµ｣ʦҲ䵽ʵꡣ
ߣ콣ħ
ĳٴ𽣾ָһһָɳ˲âϣʹýϺһ¸࣬ɽҲס
ң
ħ´ֲֻһ̧ʮɾ޽Ȼɣһ䣬һĳâ˳ȥϹʱɢȥѽһ±Ȼ޹⡣
ʦ𣡡
һĻһ˸ղŲصΪôת۾˿£棬˭
棬ȻǶˣºҲ˳ƽħҲãħҲã֮Уɵ㻯Ϊ¾ʽкâ
סɻ｣ֻĳһѣ붯á¾ʽܽնɱҪ֪ڹɽ磬ʱʲôΪöµħܵˣʲôΪ
˿̣ס｣Ȼһĳնȥ䱾𣬵һնҪ
ʦСģ
һһɲǣҲɽʦУһ죬ҽʹ˿ʦͽ֣Ҳֵסǰ｣｣ڳ֮ڶǾԨˡ
ղţҪħô
һ𣬲һѪֱӱ˳ȥĳƬ̣а벽ʵҲȻֵס

Ȼ֮䣬｣ϲѺۣȻһ｣𣬽Ʊسܲסʱ˵ˣΨе۹¡ֻ˷ѣѶöµħ㲻ټ۹ˡ
һĳնȥ͡һѪɽĳ˳ż£｣ҲһɲǱˡ

ĳŶϱ۴ѪעԶǰ˸߾ŵɫŮҲһ棬˭һΪ
ĳɫɷף£ͻȻһ죬˲ٽâһնȥһնϣȻų𻨣ȴ޷ֺ
㡭˭ԣ塭
ĳɫ䣬һڷӦˣ߲֮Ľ˲ֺⲻСӵı壬ֲҪߣ
ġ
Ŀ£ͻȻץסұۣ㲻Ӧãޡ£һ͡һѪһ㣬ֱҰسĳұۡ

ϱ֮ʹȻǰ벽ķҲԳܣΪжߣжǿϱжʹԶ˸Ѿһ˲䣬ǷӦĳߣǡӵ
һ˲׷ȥʲôʽһȭĳźȥ䡱һʯ쾪һȭֱӴĳǻ࣬ȫһţҷ˳
ѪܵһĻ±ЩСҲŵôסˣһ¶סĳĺǱֲոաҪ𣿡
㡭
ĳѪ۾֣ʱźԪҲѲˡ
˵
һ󣬡ۡһֱĳĺµĲ׹ȥֻʣһͷ­С
㡪ȥ
ħһ㣬˫һģ顱һֱӽĳͷ­ˣԪɲ
Ȼֻһ塱ԪѣһĳҪǧ޳ɣȴɱ䱾ҲȻٻˡ
ʦ𡭡
ʦ𣬲Ѵľʯ붯ҲˣڴʱħϢ£ӣ
ǡϲ˻𣿡
ֲ쳹˶ߣڻعһɲǣǿµѪŵûɢҲ޷һ¡
Ҿͽǣһһˡ̫ŷ
һɲǣѪѪ֮УһɫĶǶУѪɷ֮ðһʱ֮䣬ƬգʱХ֮
ǣǡ
ͻȻֵ׶˶ŵû겻壬Ҫ룬ڶԷħϢ£ȴֶˡ
һ㡭
ǰ˸棬һ̫ŷʱ׹һ·˹ȥ߷ӦһѪֳƾոȥֻҽвϴӶдһʱ䣬ɷ֮أѪȸأ
ãǲҽ֮ʧѾǱ׶ˣ˽ŵûɢȴ١
ڶ㡭
һָ׶ɳһֽȥһˣ˸ȫѾĲ̫ŷҲ˹ȥ
ղţǽЩȫ¯𡭡ƫӦʮգͷ֮ޣ
һ̧Ѫ̫ŷǻ˺ޣһȥ

׶˫ĿԲɱһɱҲҪⶦӴ˻ҷ𣬻ɢֻҲ벻ˣһɲǣҪǣô˵£
⣬̫ŷѾѪڣһ½˽ȥ

ֻһҾ徵Ӷдŵ±ЩСɫҰףŲ
ڴʱȻһħ£ɢ֮ʱ⸽ħɢˣҲջ̫ŷͶµħʱŮǰ
˿Ůڣ۽ϻżžӨ͸飬뵽޾˷Ůۣ
ʱź
Ǹҡֻˡ
ŴʱŮһҲھβѣھһ˲ûܾºһ˲ȲˣҲͷųȥϾһ벽ǿߡ
˿ھεģ˵Щʱ᲻˺飬ȴ˵Щʲô¶β͡ĻˣһһȵںϣС˵Բ𡱣Ҳˡ
Ůȥȥ۽ǵˮԲ𡭡Բ𡱣վֻܶĽ˵ˡ
ļգڱ˰ˣ²󷨣ٺЩ˵˵ףⳡѣҲǴģҵǣǼʱϻˣҪȻ˰ȫûˡ
գ˻Ҫ뿪һºѾ֪˺δ޾ÿطƣƺɽҪôĹȡ
һŮʼѻÿÿҹһźºȻƻָһЩⲻܵģôȥҲºҲȰ£ΪºתĻᣬҲûˡ
յŮƺˣԽ롰ֻسءʹֻתȻת֮Ǻǣܰȥ˼䡣
ڷʶһλˣλʩʹһתΪˡ
ɹɫܣߵŮԣָλˣȻǿˣ˵ʥʥı£ҪһֻСתʲô¡
𣿡
Ůۿš˵ͷԶɽӰ˵ϣɼǱˣǱ㻹ħ޳ǾħȻȥĳ𣿡
ŮҡҡͷһıˣȻˣǾԸɣԺҪΪˡ
ȵԺлȥ
Զɽƺʵ֪ܷٻصȥ˼䣬˼һУ·Ѿնˣ㻹һҲͬûУȫӦ
㵽ʲôˣһ̣Ůۿһֽʵһģ˭
Щ£Ժлˣٸɡ
תͷƬַ̣ʵ㣬Һܺ棬ʦһˣ
ʦô
ʼʦŮתͷԶǿգ֧ã·ֻҪʦ𣬱õĻ䡣
ʦһͷͷʦͷܳϲģͷˣʦͷҹһ㣬ںīҵڻǵãʦķ㣬Ȱٻ壬ʦͷķ㡭
Ů˵˵ţǳǳЦݣһǵһοչգʦļ䣬ǿ̹ĵģžԼɣʹٹ꣬Ҳʦ
㲻һ㳤ѩûʦͷҲܺÿˡ
Ůһ˵ţһתͷʦ˱Ƚϣֿ۾֧ã˵ʦʵô񣬵ͬĵط۾
۾
ţ۾
Ůۿ۾˵ʦ۾۾ʦ۾һһʯһһľôԴ㲻һ
˵˴ҡҡͷҵһʱԼԼһɱӣʱͻȻɱЩ䣬죬̫ˣʦʹᡭ
ԭô
ʱ˵һʱҲЩԼɱʵãԺϵɱѾûйȥôˡ
šС
Ůϸؿ󣺡񡭡ʦôһ㡣
˵֣
ȻЩˡ
ۣû
ŮڴЦѵ˿ɰһ棬Ϊʦֻǰʱ˰ɣǸʦ£ǵС꣬ʱ򻹲ʲôŮۡ
ʱչնЦӣֻ޵ӣģŮۣһ㣬һЦǿ϶Ҳ֮ˣ԰ɣˣܲԶֻһ棬㵱˼䷢ЩβпᣬЩٶ࣬۹ɱأҲڲزˣԭеᡣ
Ǹոա˵ɱڣٿأ
ţ㣬ҿ塣
á
һЩҲһЩ˾Ŀӣ˴˾ԽԽֻܿԷ۾һˣܹŵ˴˺Ϣ
Ůϸؿ˫ۣδ룬׼ȷ˵ǳΪšǸδ룬ǵƤСͽһֻ̣ᣬֻҪԼڣκˣ˺
ʦ𡭡
¹µһ˫۾ŮסˣؿԽԽңգգ۾ڻɱ𣿡
㡭
ŮȻ˹һ½ƿˣɫͻȻЩŻţ㣬Ժ󣬲ң
ôˣ
գգ۾յǰ˫ۣѵɱ𣿲ӦðҸո۾ûգһ£ᶼˣôɱ
㣬߿
Ůһ½ƿȻŻǱȥ¹£ؿңһĵڻͨͨͣո˵񣬲ܣܡʦ㵽ģ㵽ȥġ˵Ϊξơ
޷ܣ޷ʦѾˣʦôܻʦѷֻأʦ𲻿Ѿˡ
һ꣬һꡭ
ʦҵһ꣬ôѾˡ
˵ġ
ƭңƭҡ
¹֮£ᣬ׵شջ䡣



1972 ٹ
㡭ôˣ
ߵ¸վϣ󳤷¹ϣ峺
û¡
Ůӭɽ´磬ѸɣʱҲƽֻ˶ѣѾ޾һŮˣܻ統һ޿أ
ʱվں棬ֻԶԶؿδãŮ۲תһ̣·ֱصһʱˣ޷ĳؽܳһʱ䣬׷ɱˡ
Ĭĳǲ׷ɱˣҪʱܻصԣٹ
ҪȥζǧˣһգŮԣƺ֪ڡ֮󡱵һЩ飬¿ƺȥǸط
˺Щ𣿡
һʱ䣬֪˵ʲôѯΣԼҪߣããޱߵľ⣬޾򣬻ޱ޾һ
޴󰭣ȥ
Ůۻ±Ṧһչ䵽ԣὫţСĽµʯͷ
ֲʲôţôʯͷδؿ𣿡
Ůۿһۣӣҡҡͷ㶼һˣ˵š
Ůһ£ָ󣺡˭ôƶģ
紵Ҳ⿪Ů۸ղе֮飬֮䣬Щ֮Ҳ·࣬ѾƸոʶ֮ʱǰİˣʱӲţһָ㽫Լɱڣ¿𲻲Ų֪֮ȷӡ
ôһλǿߣиоҲȻˣ޷õΪƻָ죬Լôһɽϵˣ
ʲôֱۣһֻ̫صЩǿߣ޽ɺֻΣ
ʱһƮƮȻĸоȻ뵽֮ǰʱ̫Ű˻Ǽ飬ʱģ˻ҲʲôܣڿŮôһɽߣʱʲô⣬Σ
šŮۣǡɾӡ
Ů۵Ȼ֪ʱʲôϣ˼·Իȥ·;ңԶ˵Ҳֻ̫۷ΪŮ۵ĵΪ˲ֹʮǧ
Ů۱۾һܷɳʮǧÿһ˲ǬЪϢշɼȥҪ²ܻٹǴʱڣд˷ˡ
֮ϷУԶһǿϢƲҲӿֹ
ʲôˣ
ΪеϮ䱸ǽת˲ƺҲʲôа֮ˣһһֻ
ǽ̫ˣ
Զ˲ϢǽŮʱ¶ϲɫּ˵ٸҡ
ţ
Ҳԥȡ٣Ů۽ٱǰǽȻ߷˹
紵ЩվȣֱԷӰСǿҵ緽ֹͣ
Ůۣ
ǽȴǻͨҲʮ֮ߣգһ˫۾´ŮۣԼԱվŵˡ˵Ҹո𣬱һȻ㣬Ůۣþò
òҪȥģ
šм£ϼ̵ٳˣҪȥŮۣڴˣ
˵˳·㲻⣬Ҷһ·̰ɣ
֮ɣ
˫һչһƮʱŮۺеȥ
Ůۣ𣿡
šһЩСˣ¡
ԱλյĵšΪõ͡
ǰɡ
ŮĵλǽٶȿɿˣҪ˼£ܻˡ
Ůۣ˵ʲôü
չɣƲ˲Ϣ룬νġɽǰ·ͷȻֱɡ
޾ȷʵʹǽ񣬴ӱ˰ǸԸҲ㻨ʱ䡣
ǰвԶŮ۵ˣٶȣϼڵġϼ򡱣ȴҪһˡ
Ů۵ɣǲȥϼˣҽʱæȥˣ㵽ˣʸá
޷Ůһ̣԰ɡ
˼ǾͶлˡ
ڻصԣȥɽɽ֮ƣǷǱѰɾ棬Ѿܹܵˡ
ŮۣҾ㵽ˣˡ
ټˡ
ԭҪټ·̣һ±ˣŮҲʱ࣬ȻٹٲĳˣͬʱԼҲڡϾءԷԲʮԵˣָܻˣڷһ·᫣תתҲǴˡ
ǰˣƬ򣬶ҵģ߰ɡ
ٴλһ·Ů۵ֻĸоʱǰȥȴһδиתô
ҲҪȥ𡭡
棬߸ɽ壬ƣ֪ιʣһĻ·ξʶ
ȻˣʲôأŮ֣ǰȥˡ
ֻ֣оģůů¶ȣϵİٻŮۣòʳ˼̻ԣ޾ˣʱ޷Ƿ֮룬ھһָоҲ˵
ôˣŮۼһ·Ĭˣ棬Ѳ
ûС
ǰһƵɽ壬ʵҵٹô˵ܲ˵յͽܰɣһĪʦֽ㡣
ŮһЦԽȻöͷؿһۣҽ㡣
㣿
ţԡ
Ůͷһܵܡʱӡ
ǣҸողǡ
ţҶ˵ˣ߰ɡ
ŮǣּߣͷһͣҲȥˣˣͽɣôÿΪôߣһŮۣżʮĽ㣬ϴҲҲŰˣôһ㣬Ժʲôˡ
Ů۵ƻָˣ˳ͨһ¾Ϊ̫ˡСǸӣΪߡ
ûȥ˵ʲôʦ˵һ;нݾߣý̤ʵأһһӡԼѾ˲ٽݾҲˡ
ֻôоģں棬ԽЩԾһŮȥȡĳһ·ս°˵Ѿ޾˲ǣŮ۵ĵطΪξȻһ㶯ҲûУ
ȵȡ
ͣϸ۲⸽Ůۼصӣʵôˣҵĵط㲻ؽš
ǡ㣬ѵûз֣ЩԾ𣿡
ۡ
Ůѡ㡱ֽеϿڣڴһЦɫȻˣ㿴ɣŲǺ˳ڣٽһ
ȴʮ棺û˵ЦŮۣ㵽ڶû壬һҲûС
֪
ŮۿɫһҲţ͵ҵĵӣһ߶ҲǾĵģô
ǡ
Ծﲻͷȥڻжˣ˵Ҳи˰ɣеӳҹԴԺҵڣһ·ϣûпκһ˳㣬ʦˣҲϵµȥܾЩԾҶˣСΪϡ
ôһ˵ŮҲˣԼȥôã˪̶СǡһҲԼ˵ΪǳǰұأұǴӣа벽ΪôҲ˳ѰԼ
˫磬Ůۣ˵ȻΪԶ㣬ҴǰڷǱ׷ɱɱ׷лݺԣһԣ£Ѱ
˵֮ŮɫҲÿ϶šһ˵òСΪϣӴ˴գܻصٹҡ
ҪַŮȴһ½˻ȥҡͷУƼ㣬Ǳض֪ˡ
ǣ㡣
˵꣬Ůۻػˣǣס֣Ůۿ˵ͷЯͬС
ǣһƵɽȥ紵˵ĳ컨ԣȥǽܣһԶ¡
ŮۣûʲôǷ֮룬Ů˵Ҳֻǰܵܶѡ

֮ڻصˡٹڣȥһɽ¥֡
ٹֻһɾ棬ɹʤǳǧ򣬶Ů۵洫ӣܹʮδʦȻٹģ߸
߸棬ӽұǼǧǰ޾麣żһ˵ġˣʱİұűͬʮ꺢ͯϰʱ䣬Ů۲ŽκãͬʱҲΪԼĵӡ
ѾʦЩͽܣеѾŻΪһۣ޾̫㣬ЩʦͽһҲδˡ
ٹô
ǰһ¥˻ֺɾ䣬ôҲġ
ţҴȥ
ȻٹⲼ󷨽ƣԷֹһЩ޴͵ʱŮ۴ϵһϸǰϸſʮɣʮɣǧһ㡣
ֵǣϸ壬ȻһҲޣŮʱ˴еӭͣλ콫أɽ콫ȥˣȥˣ
˺һŴҴææӣŮڴˣŻŵʦˣʦˣ
ŮۼЩӻŻŵӣͳüͷһ壺ôˣпǿ
ߵ⼸꣬ˣѵʲô𣿿ɾĻݲݣٲ¥󷨣Ҳûƻļǿᱣ
˵ˣΪ˷ĳ͵Ϯ뿪ǰٹ˾žŰʮһɲ족󷨣ͬʱСٻ󡱣ĳˣҲδƵ󷨣ϾʱʱȫʢʱڣٽԸʮơ
ǣ̫ûʦˣռʦ
⼸ӵģƺȷʵЩһ⼸˵ǻȥߴʦ֣ʦˣ
ʦ𣬿룡
ʦԱλǡ
Ժ˵ع
ǣʦ룡
Ůۻˣܿ죬ԭЩĹһ¾ͱַӭ˳һȥͷܶӰһЩϣԣаȵȣȫһЩϹ顣
ӭʦع
죬ƲʱϼųӼˡ
һģ
Ů֣һƽףǼʦܣЯֹѲδʦˣ
Ůɫȥʮֺã֮ǰ뿪ʱ죬⵱ȻԷǿŵˣڻ֮ҪʩԵСС˱㿴شˣ
˶ӣ޾ɲֹһĳһţмҲ֮ãЩˣɫߡ
ȫʢʱڣЩ˵Ȼ̤˵ذ벽ҪһϢȥֻ½鷳һĳѾ鷳ˡ
ʦ
ʱһâ˲ڶǰһµӣȴѰˣͷǣŮ۵Ĵӣұ
ͽұӭʦع
ұ̶Ů۵ϥȥһģкӣߺӭŮۻع
ôųȷʵûмҲûƣЩɲȫǵӣеĻأ۷бޣȥݡ
ʦʦ
ʱŮ˹Ůñ磬ȻŮΪʦȻҲŮ۵߸ͽ֮һˡ
˪
ŮŮҲǸˣĶ˪
£ˣұϣòʵʦλǡ
Ժ˵Ȼع
£˱ٹһ·ϣǻϲұΪʦ֣ǹؾصģ˵ʦ˴λβǰѶҲʦӷϴҴææʧ񡭡
ţΪʦüû˵ˣôСࡢС䡢̶Сأ
ʦܺʦڱչزʦǰµķؽգ֪ʦأȻȥǡ
ȻڱչǻǲҪˣұΪʦʱգΪΣ
ʦѰշԸʦȫꡭ
ţܺá
ٹδˣŮֻ뿪꣬ȴ뿪˼ʮһ
һյʱҪءɾˣǱߵɾ޹ڣһֻļŮȥãеڣұҲ⡣
λһֵܣҴȥԷǱɸɡ
ұҪȥһߣٹɾʮ֮Էɾ߷֮ãŮ۵޹ɾڶ߷ԶͬԪ֮һ˷ֿһ棬ֻ¶ҪķѲٹ
ˣΪʦһ𡣡
ʱŮתȥ֣ԱߵĵӶסˣѵλδʦҪȻʦһӣɾǧ»ͷһذɣ
ʦ
ұҲһ£ŮĿ⿴˵Ժǵʦˡ


1973 
֪Ůۺ«ʲôҩǰϣѰټٹƷΧͣʵ֡
һ
ڷ㶣Ůٴλһ£ֻ֣ǰȥܲʱʲôҲǡɣֲɵӣɵҲܿ˿ٹˡ
߰ɡ
Ů֣ɾǱ߷ȥЯ֣Ʋ£Ǻøɾ£ɷ
ʱһʻ黷ƣĿɼˣͷ̤ɫ¹ȷ糵ɼҳʱĳˡ
һ
Ůǣ֣ұԱߣͽ˪ԼһٹϵӣһУȵɾʱ˲ͣ½Ųټ泵ˡ
ʦʦþûˣҺʦһ𡭡
ۼҪʻƶϵɾ˪Ҳɾ档
ŮһЦǲε𣿡

˪ǻÿɰˣʱŮ֣Ӧ±Ůճ;ЪϢǲҪˡ
ʦʦᣬһͰʦռˣҲʦ㣬ô
˪ǿɰŽԵʦ˵ɫҲʦܾôʦռˡ
Ҳڣʦҵˡ
һҲԸСѾͷ˵СѾͷܱ˳ǧϰꡣ
˵ţһ½Ů뻳УŮһǣŪŮͨ죬ᴷһ£ƿˣ˺ٳνֻԧ첻ɡ̺ЩҲĽ۶ֱˡ
ءᣬʦǵˡ
ŮһģŮǺϼ˵Ȼȥɡ˵꣬Ա߰ұȥұ뿪ʱգ¯пã
ұֵʦ꣬ұÿնȥ鿴¯⼸յ¯ÿƣءʮգƳˡ

ʱŮ֡ΪЦ˵ţˣʱҪĺ˷ɶǿʦ¶ֻеϡϾɵ
Ǻǡţʱ䣬ˣΪʦڿҪʦ˫޲Բ£Ϊʦ˵
˫ޡأߡ
ŮǺֻſָ͵͵ʦԱӶӣŮ˵仰Ҳ㸡ԽȻˣѹɾۣĽ
ɾǰϹ𣬵бɾ֮ţɾ֮Ŵ򿪺Ů۶ˣʻȥں棬ܼǰˡ
ɾ棬ʮɫ仨ƴӲήһһЩ·á¹ۼɾҲδһʱмֳˡ
ǰһԻ硱һԻ¡ɸ󣬱ܿǰһ¥Ĺ߸ӳϼξ֡
ȻŮ۵ġ˽˹ˣ̨棬¼յǳɫĹӭҡҷŶд֣ǽ̻Իͣ˵ĸûʡ
ûʵĹ棬ŮƽЪϢ޹޹ҲͬǼݳޣ̽񣬾ϵŮͼǶһһߣ߲˿ķɵġ
ߣһյųչƣʹ޹ޣϵѩ״ᣣ㣬ʹŮ۲ڣҲÿһҲɸɾ˳Ⱦɢŵİٻ
˴߽˿棬ðŮ֡
Ȩ֮ƣ֡
ŮۿȻѡϷϷȻҪȫڹô˵ĶĿ
ȻǲϷģԴʱŮ۵Ľ˿齣аɾ롣
Ůڴϣ˫ֽץű죬üͷҲԽԽˣ·ʱšһŵıǡ
ȻջҲٹĲԾ֮ԶΪٹ֪Ҫ˭ΨһܹεģȻֻǰӣζҪһ𣬽ܳһʱ䣬ֿܷˡ
Ҳٹļֶߣ£ȴƹܡ
Ůۡղţǿʲôˣ
Ҳˣٹȷʵ⡣
ŮڴϣüվһԣغˣΪٹûˣڿƺŸոտʼ
ܾãǼͽܣ⡣Ĭһ˵
㶼ˡ
ŮۺȻһЦ˵ղ˪
˭
üһÿɰŮûпʲô̫ĲԾģǸұĴӣһ˵ĸо
ŮҡҡͷĿȻصղҵ˪˪ܡѾˡ
ʲô
أҲɫ΢䣬˪ֱĶӺӣصãһ˶ûţֱˣ
Ǹղ˭
֪
ŮҡͷԼͽδΣѵԼϲ
Էٰ棬޷Ϊʦͽ꣬ʱܳˢģݼˣ飬ҲԾݳ
һһٵվǰҲһ仰ֱ治ģܻɣ
ʲôݣƫƫݣʱԽȥݣá
ǸղһϷν٣͡˪ˣȴȫ֪ȥˣԽԽ׾ӣһԵİұ󶼿ɫ
˵Ǵӣʲôҹˡ
Ȼǰ룬һһۿǸұ͸оⲻʲôˣŮ۲ˣΪЩ񽫡ٹЩϣҲһվڰұһηηβұųһұŮ۰ǲŸߵ񣬰ұǲݣǷҲͲˣ
š
Ů۲Ըϣȴòϣ뿪꣬¡֮һ꣬ٹ˾䣬ұѾǵǸˣѾȫˣʱȫ˸ˣݣҲݲǰǸͽˡ
иҪһ㣬ұŬڲأƭӲķۣˣѾ̤ˡܡѾ̤ˡ
˵ʲô
ЩʼϲؾѰˣǿߣܿģжµħҲûá
µħȻǿǹ룬ԪʼԳһǿߵĺڶµħҲȻŪµħ˸ߡ
š
Ůڴϣ̾ҡͷ˵ոտʱҾͲˣǣô̤ٶûܣô̤Ǿֻһֿܡ
ʲôܣ
أƺŮ˵ұʵṳ̂ĻǾͻһ߻ᣬϧԸΥ
Ů۵ʲôԺ͡ұȻ͵ڲ̤һ֡αûܽ٣㲻̤ڵʵȷʵ͵һ֮ˣеһƴǿ
ţԹ֮ɫôҪĶٹ
ûа취
Ůҡͷһ̾¯ÿԡ𡯴ٸԵٻɣôЯʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ӧû¯вһ㡮̫塯
üҲ˵ʲôδȫƳɹʱ㽫֮ȡˡ

ŮȻҡͷδɣֻǼѣδ֮գ㿪¯ȡǾֻСԡ졯֮ʹǰˣһȻЩЧȻܹá
üʵδҩ
Ůһϸһ㰧֮ɫҸղŸ˵ģͽ˪ˡǶˣƽոص¯Ҳǹ֮һȴˡ
˼ǡ
һⰽұδ̫ˣǿʦðΪʹǰƳԷֹŮۻʱȻԼʦͶ뵤¯ʦûɢΪۡƳ
˾Ұģ𱨡
ڻһ·ϣŮ˵ͽǼǧǰ޾ߵ麣µһʱİұףһϢںۼҪ޳ˣǿŮ۾ٹˣһȻ𱨡Ůۿ̣̣
ֱָ죬Ҳ֪ʱΪλŭߣǻǰ죬޹֮£δ޹֮£Įмһ̸ʱͬˡ
Һۡ
ŮۺȻŶͷ˳ֳһǰδеƣ֮ɫˡҵͽ˪Ҳûˡӱѣ⼸ͽδ
޹һĵգŮɫֽò԰Ƿķʱ䵽ˡ
ȥ˫ַסļδŮ۴ʱƣģձĳ׷ɱˣҲʱƣ
һ
Ů̧ͷ˫ᣬһ۽ǣδ䣬ļ򣺡㣬Ҳ뿪ġ˵ţᱧסˣḧϳû£û£ޣ޳ɣҲЦġ
һ
һ̣ŮҲ̲סˣϣȻŮۣϾҲֻһŮӣ⧷ʣİúͽȥӻˣٹ֪ұʲôֶοˣȻ˭ܲˡ
û£Ҳ뿪ġ
ḧϵĳ벻˿ֻ̣Լһп֮ˣԼҲʱȥǾˡ
ԺʱȥȻⳡϷѾˣǾͰȥɣ㽫δ֪ˣҲԼǣԼ̰ʱŮ۶ߣǸҲῴıɣ
һ
Ů̧ͷĿתؿĽëϣż飬֣ȥ۽ǵۣϣˣ޻ɲÿ
ʱ˫˵ᣬ֮ˣϣ轣ǵᡭֻЩڲס˶ѡ
ɾձǰٻ֮أһͻıʣʹѩأ֪һѩ֮£ʢİٻ
ŮۣϢһһУ㾫˵
˵ţŮۺȻ֣Ĵߣҽ㡭Ժ󣬶ôС
ã㡭
˿̣·Ѿ׽ˣ㣬Ҳ㡣
£ǺñӣԼһţ˯ţһ·ĵᱻ׷ɱڣһ˴
Ů˯ˣԱ߿һ·Ҳһˣϣ֪һˣ֪˼ǼȴҲ֪ζǧˣںη
ܸоʲôҪˣԤУԴ˿Σķٹǡ⣬ƾǧħһΣ˭ҲӲ


1974 ҩ
ͬʱٹһط¹£ƺƺ֮ϣԼɼһΡĴ¥ȥŮ۵ġҪ˼֣Ů۵ĴӰұڡ
ܹݻͬ̽񣬶ԱȻûǰޣƽ⵱УȴǶ˼ɭȻһɭ֣Ѱӣ׿
ʱڹ棬һܲ͸ķֻŮǰǰһˣɫǸģȥԶǰұڴʱǰŮȻʦã˪ˡ
ŮڵϣƷһҪ۾ˮֱתȴֲҿ޳ǰˣµ˼ޡ
ˣǣ֪ˡ
Ůݺϸ壬ȷŮԣˣͽ˪˪ܲ⡣
ڵϹ˭ȻˣұԻǶԶλʦõӣͬʱѵģλʦõЦòһ˵Լˣƾ۽𾦣ҲƳжߡ
ŮһƳ⣬ұ˼⣬ĸڳ⣿ҲȷʦǷ淢λʦ⣬ֻǽռʦٶЩ죬ġ
ˣԲ𡭡
ʱŮڵϲͣϴ۳ģ˿ۣɰұȴʯĳһ㣬ƾŮڱӲĵϹ˴ҹʱҲûö˼
ߡ
ֻһߣʱ񣬱øӱˣ룬ҲںʦһǸϣܸһֲĸоܴĪĵ⣬·һ۱㽫һ޲ðһ˫۾ڳ
ˡǴˡ´Σ´һø񡭡
ŮڵϿధССӣøˣȻʱʮֿ־塣
ǰϵ·⿪ܿǱϡϡϣȫǴССı޺ۣȻЩǰұģƽֻҪ΢òãҹⲻһٱӡ
ɰұҲɵὫֱۡ˫ȡաЩ۵ĵط飬ʦ˺ۣλش
ˣǴˡ
ŮǱұˡɻơҲƲҷֹǣٹ˶Ѿұ⼫ġɻơû˸ҷ⡰ɻơǱҪһ˵ˡ
ʱŮұŲ˹һ˱סһֻţధ󣬿ɰұУȴûκ֮ɫһŰ߿ٸһλᣬȥҼʦˣ⵱Увء
Ůŵòģˣһá
ߣˡٳǡġζĻ
Ůһġ֣ŵûɫſڵϣҲҶһ£Ҳˡ

峿͸Ʋһ㵭̣Ůһҹ糱Ҳð˯ԣʱ֡塱˯
͸ʱŮˣڴǰһδۣԼ˯Щ˼㡭𣿡

صѷǷˣʹЩŸ·֮⣬һŵ⹬л㣬ԡУȫˣֻŮʣᣬ֮η
ɡ
š
£𴲣˯һϣͷЩңÿȻ¸覡
ŮۼĿתԼЩ˼ˣôʲô
ΪÿΪʹãʱȥЩѹ֮£ƶһ䡣
ƶ
Ů󣬻Щ˺ЩСͽûĸӸǰôƤģһ뵽ĵӾѲڣһȻˣͷ
ֽ£æ⣺оЩ𣿡
Ůظǿʲôˣƣô׺õģѪġѪ֡ħ۵ġħʮʽҪиСһš໤ֻⲻ⡣
޴󰭡ȥɡ
£ȥ棬С¥ױǰŮۣȥƽ׽ˣҪ֪ǰŮۣһŮۣ˪˭ߵô˭ܿʱ绨ģ
ͷɡ
Ů۴ϻȡᣬӣϲģŪˣ֮ǰ뿪ʱСϻδЯȥ
ùӣֻǳ֣㿴žͷǰʱҲδͷַ裬Ůۼ죬ֻ¶Ц⣬ûжԡ
ǰ˭ͷģ
ʱû˪
ԭˡ
ž棬ŮϵЦݣִˣֹס⣬ֵԺұһֱͷ
ԣŮһ£žЦЦ㲻Ҫ˵Щҿˣˣ񲻽ԺÿÿЩֻˣ
ȷʵҪᣬƻָһֱأѪָͣͣƣʹƼأʱðұֻ¶ʱΣˡ
ڰұ֮ԲŮ۵ʵԲóȻ֣һ֪Ů֮ˣ⣬ʱˣ
ӣϣԺͷŮ۽ױ̨ϵϻ˸
á
ϻ֮СʱŮ࣬±Ҳſࡣ
ŮִСóΣڷϣһƬ֬筴ϣʹɫһ¿ȥࡣ

žŮۣĿһ䣬ǰǴ֣ŮΪÿնҪô鷳Ļױֻͺԭױ˺ÿ
ֲǰ˵ʿΪ֪ŮΪüݡȥϲˣȻҪױˡ
㰡
Ůۻعͷһۣļ仰ȷʵвᣬЩɾòǵͽһ֮⣬мһǴʱ򵥵ļ֣ȴĿһ뵽ϣôˣܵܡһ£ǡ졣
ҷȥ档
һһ䡰㡱ǽеԽԽ˳ˣͻȻŮ֣ۡŤŤġ
ȥ棬ֻӢͷףƣɳƶϷɳ۶һƬƬ꣬ɾ
հлδãŷֽ
ǰϼεɾҲֻоϲɾˣ죬ǰƣ֮ȣҲһЩȻʧɫ
ŮۻعͷԺ㲻ˣһֱŽɡ̤Ҳˡ
ǰһ仰ڿЦһ仰ȴ˵棬һ£漴ЦЦصð
ƶ졣
Ůһ£Я̨ȥ˺ɾɾһ㡣
ȻԻָŮϵΪɾ棬һʮɫأҺ֮ڳˣϳ֮ѡĺɫʱ֣ŮҲڳԡ֮ѩǵȻһӿɱȡ
ȴСĽұȻ˵鿴ΣתܹϤһԲ񣬱㱩¶֮¡
ԽŮ۵취˵Ҫɾ˫ޡܼܲϷɣ
ȻˣŮ۵֮˵˫ޣҲδؼöҪͷЩ֮һ
½緲УŮ˫ޣ뽲ͺϣòҲǱһʹ֮޸ң˴תԷڣԶ˴棬ΪһտɽǧȻ֮˵˫ޣǳЩѰŮˮ֮˴һа룬ʧܣ䱾
ߣ֮٣ʶ˫¶Ψһģһһֻһ˫ˣһʣһ˫ޣЩһҸ㣬޶ȡ
ħ˫ޣЩƣЩҲԶԷΪһֹһ¯ЩħһɵŮӣʵ¯Щħһеӣ˵Ҳǹס
ȻЩ˵Զˣµ֮Ůƻָֻܽ衰˫ޡΪڣʵˡ
˫֮ҲֱŮͺϵ֮Ů۶еһ˫֮ʹŮӣҲǿһģ˹֮ʱֻ˱˴֣ʹתԷڼɡ
һգ㲻飬һӣ£쵭ӣ׷ˮˮƮһ̱δڣѾ֮ܵˣڵսǧ
£ɲԼģ˵˴ŨʹΪͻһؾ磬ûбҪΪͻƣǳ֮£뿼ʹŮƾָŮϵ˺ˣʱ˵ͻһΪͻƼأﵽ̫֮кѣ
ֱϥ˫ƽ壬ٽ˳ŶԷľ޸ֻû뵽˵أѪѪ֣ôһ£ֻŶµħҲˡ
ȥգÿڡ˫ޡʵȴϢŮˣ˷֡
⼸ʶȻѷ֣ǡ͡˪һֱڿУΪʹˡʵŮ۷ЩԧϷˮߵǶͨ졣
Σǲ̽ʲô
ɭĴ¥ұ˪Ůϥ£һųųءˣЩÿն̽ڣŮۺˣǣȷʵֻ˫ޡ
ţ
ұл֮ɫʦ࣬ˣͻȻһ˫ޣãʵˣнǷ֣
һŮΡΡأˡڲصúܺãδŮ۷֡
Ҽţκ쳣ң
ұ˪ɱܣʦޱɲѪħĺˣôбȻ⣬ƾ򭡢˪澣ֻ̽첻ʲô뻹ǰȥȴֲʱݾߡѵֵóȥ
ʦǧֵĺһţ̤֮ν˲Ϊ𡯡

ʮ֮Ů۵ɫ࣬壬޸ԡ˫ޡϵˣ⿿ɾ֮ǲģҪࡰ֥ҩ򼴱΢תΪҲԾָ
ȥȡЩ֥ҩȴһ鷳ܲҪҡڳȥȡЩҩɣЩ֮ҩұһֱ֪Ӹ߶Էش
뵣ģҹ͵͵ȥǡ
˰죬Ҳֻҹ͵ȥҩ취ǳ⣬кΰ취һ˿ţŮ⼸ͽҲ֪ںδҾҵǼˣҲ֪Ƿš
ٹ᧿Σ⣬ѾұͽˣŮڵ̫޷ӲǾֻգȥȡҩˡ
ߣһ취취Ů۶ԣǼΣյģ뿪ԣȥ롰ɡٹñϼ̵ٵʱ·ɣɾ۶ϸɵȻҲвŮ۵ĹˣЩ¶ԸһұȻеΪΣһŮۣĹ棬ѵûеɾ
һŮһһðұʶֻӻڣ̫ΣˣվȥѰ֥ҩӿף㵱вСĳ⣬Զµħʱٳ٣ҪŮɱٹܲɣ
ҹǱʱţΪʶҪܿŮ˵׾١
ٹĵΣɾڣŮȻҲѸ֮ҩеĲڡҩ®еɾҩ鿴أⲢѣŮѾƽ֣֮Ҳ˷֡
ЩڸɾҩֻһһȥѰˣգˣŮۡ˫ޡˣҹǱȥ͵͵Щҩ
һҪҵһΪǧ꼡ҩҩˣɵ⡰ɾʱ˰죬Ѱ꼻Ų٣ƫ޷ǧ꼻ҳǶ䡰ǧ꼡
ϣҲǧڣôȥֵľұǱߣһɾǰҹѰ޹ʱ棬Ȼĳһֻ֨֨иͣһ
¹ֻ󣬱㲻ᣬѰǧڣֻСһֱԣʱ֨֨иͣʱվȻȥԵӡ
վСҲԣĪֻС֪ǧںδ
֨֨֨֨֨
ͣлָָǰߣȻȥܳԶֻعͷ֨֨֨ϳȻ
ȥһֻС֪ҪѰҺǰұİɣѲʦͽ伫óˣ
ӦǲˣŸȥ˴ԼһʱһƬֻ֣꼻£էϹһƣ߽һȻҪѰҵǧ꼣ⲻһϲֻҪǧ꼴ȥŮ۵ˣܵõˣһǧҪٳʲôӡ

ע⣺˲Ϊ𡱣仰ԭⲢǰұе˼ΪӦǡΪ֮⣬仰ԭǣزݡ
⣬ѹǧѺζڣȻҲǳˡ


1975 
ˡǧ꼡Ҵұأһ·ֵֻ󣬻һ·֨֨֨иͣ˵Ҳһϡ
Сǰ·Σգҿ֮ǣȥɡ
ֻ˻֣㼴ȥǸȴκˣǸղž
룬ԣ֮ǰҵǧ꼣Լ˵ѵŮʲôϵ룬ϰɣֻ±ұֻ֣ܽؽ
ʱѵĩîͿҪˣ֮ǰȥһðұ˷ˣȻұľ
ȵɾʱѾˣҳ΢ﲢˣұɾŮҲӰ
ĵǱȥһɲǣȴȻܵһǿϢǰұ
ұѵ
£źӲƹȥֻСҲʮͨԣͬźκһ
һεĵطֻұվɾɾ֮ǰɾŹţҲʱǿֻʦ⡮¶ҹʱʱѾɣ㲻𣿡
Ϣ¶ʲôʲôⰽұҪۿŮۣȻȷԷǷˣȷʵѾʼˡ
һɾŴŮ۵ʱδΪʦЩʱ֮ʱ˪Ϊʦɡ
ұֵ޷ӴСʦ鲻ʦãʦɾ֮Űɡ
Ƭ̣ɾٴδŮ֮Ϊʦ˵ˣ˪ΪʦĻҲˣȥ
棬Ǵżɰұվɾ֮ǰȥ⣬˻ֵ⡮ٻ¶͡¶ʦ뿪ʱ֣ضӣؿãǲҵ飬ʦɾ֮ţõӽͽ
ұΪʦ˵ʲôΪʦԡΪʦγ㿪ţʱɾﴫŮ۸Ϊ
ԡ
ұĿһɾ滺˵ʦƺûڳʱԡϰߡ
ΪʦѡںʱԡѵҪ֪𣡡
ʱɾ洫ˣŮҩԡЩϣԼȥ֥ҩѵˣ
⣬ֻ²һصΪֻԼŮҲΪ֮ǿɲ˵˵ѣζǧҲڴˣܺԼ֣һ
ұɾ֮棬˵ʦ⡮ٻ¶͡¶¹ش󣬵ӲиȻʦǵӱɾ֮ţɾǰСʦȥȡǡ
˵ţȻҪǿŮ۵ɾʱ棬Ůδص֥ҩδѱɫұ󵨣Ϊʦ㵱ʲôطˣ
ұҪɾ֮ţǰһ˵Ǹ¶Ϊأֻʦˡ
˵գҪǿƿɾ֮ţʱԶһ
ֻһӰ̤ŸָұΪӣȴʦصǷҪʦˣ£
һŭʱøƾ䣬棬ŮɫɷףһһǰұĶ֣ұô죿úöţʱʲô
Ϊ˭
ұ۱䣬ͻȻˣоȻֳһѺɫꪣɱ¶Ҫɱˣɾ棬Ů۸ɫ䣬ұҪʦ񣡡
ʦ
ұͻȻͷЦֹĿһ䣬ͬһϣһһʦΪͽɵ˲û˫ޣϸûԪ֮ҹǶǷ߰ɡ

һɲǣڵġ̫Ű˻ģ֮ͷ˳ȥʱƾ䣬ʧɫƲ㷭ӿֹ֮쳹ٹףϵŵٹˣͷ£Ҷ
ǡ֮
ұ÷ꪣסǰɿӿĲ֮òȥ
ãֹ֮ͣӰҲʧⲻ̫Ű˻ĵĲ֮
㡭в֮㵽ʲôˣ
ұĿɫؿ־ֺޣһССߣǿĲ֮ǧ꣬ȴûⲻܣܣ
ϵΪ֣һԻԻ壬ΪɣκĺɡӦǣΪôҲӦڲ㼴֮ٻΪѡ
ղͷųġ֮֮ˣ̫壬ڰұһԣǵͬšѪѹơһЧ
Ҳû뵽ԭ֮ԸЧ±׳˼ֵʶʦ£
ұķꪣֻ뿪ţ¶أղŲҪøʦ𣿡
ߣ
ұһߣһŽһֻɫƿ˹ƿ뿪ûϢ󣬷ɾ㣬ˣҽȥ
ڻ򿪣ԥȥˣһϣ˴ȻŮµĽƷӡѰ״򿪲á
ظһ̱Ϸһӣ׷ˮУˮŮ۲ŴƣѶڳرߣԼԼʣԿ覵˫磬ظ
תȥ
á
࿴񣬱תȥֻŮ۰Ѵá
ˣɡ
š
ת˹ȥŮѴãɳŽţδЬģͷҲʪڼϣѾˣҲЩСڣ˹۽ǹػ֮ɫû°ɣ
ƼһĽ֮ɫȻղ°ұ㣬ô𣿡
ƶ
ŮһۣĴ֮ɫҺøղĲ֮ʱ˰ұұֱ֣룬ԹԺ󣬲ôˣˣô죿
֪ˡ
ʱദȷʵѱòǰǸ֮ˣʱ뵽ǧ꼣˵㣬Ұǧ꼴ˡ
˵ţҪȡʱһֻ˳֨֨֨Ůȥ۽ˮ
С⣿
Ůϲǰֻʩ˷С󣬾ȻСǸͽС⡣
֨֨֨֨֨֨
󲻶ϵͷ۾ˮԿţֲСԣȻŮ۵ߵӣ
С⣬£ʦ⿪
ŮȻһۿǰұʹķСһֻ󣬵Сӳ˽
ʱҪС⿪Ϸһ룬ⷨǰұʩչ⿪ұȻˣѾ˺ưˣұ췴ǳ֮¡
£㲻ԥָһʩչٻһֽСԭӣȴһʮĺ꣬ë׵ģһѩ׵ĺβ͡
ʦء
Сⷨһ⿪ʱ޵ϡﻩŮϣʦڼˡʦ㣬λʦˣҶźۿʦְͶ¯ճ˻ңɢء
С⣬ʦѾ֪ˡ
Ůᰲһ̣Ҳˣ뵽ͽ˪ұ¯˵ǧ뵽ҹ˪ߣǣˡ
С⣬ޣʦ㣬Сʦأ
ء
С޵ˮС̶ʦӳȥˣСʦΪ˱λʦߣץȥ
ӣ
Ůĸ֣ʱɫһ䣬һ̣ѾµʲôܾģӣǺҲ
ҵȻ˵
Ůۿ˿תͷСʵС⣬˵⵽ô£Сᱻץߣٹнƣνģ
СʵǴʦ֣ʦִ򿪵󷨡ʦֶǱŮԻˡء
֪ˡ
ŮȻһأôˣףұΪҪѱˡ
ʵӣʲôˣȥ˵á
Ů̧ͷ˵ӣǡǧ붴һֻ֩뾫аȡ˵ľԪ񣬺㱻ʦȥһʦĻֻѺδ뵽ֽˡ
ԭˡǵ꣬µĻˡ˵Ůһ̧ͷ֪ʦţ
⻹β֪˵һš

Ůҡͷһ֮̾ɫ꣬ʦ㲻Ӧ⺦˵ϣʦһʴȣȴ޹֮ˣΪ
˵˴ֻعͷǰС⣺С⣬ʦ˵˵ϸ
ţ
С˵ͷֲȥˮʦߺ󲻾ãٹ⣬һȻӣʦʱȻʦһߣҵȳȥֻдʦܴùʦŷһ֮ززʦȻ׷ȥǵɽ֮ƣԲҸųȥֵƶˣʦֱ㣬ص˺ö죬ʦֲŻʦֻԼͱЩһˣ۾ЩĹâ

˵һΣұ׷ʮ׷˼켸ҹ棬һ¡ĵط׷ӡ
ӣ
Ǻǣɾɱ𣿡
Һβң
Ǻǣ㲻Ҳ𡭡
㡭
ұһ𣬵ͦǰֱָʺŲţɱ㣡
Ǻǡ
ЦҲţɾҪɱңʩչǡʮ·ꪡˣһ·ء
ӣΣ
ұҲǷǳˣǵһһȥ֮ʱһӵĹֵܵס

ǺǣȻҪɾ˫ްôѵ㲻̤𡭡
Ѿ޴ƵسǰұǷңҪң
ǺǡδʦͰ㵱𣿡
㡭Ҫ䣡
Ǻǣһ·ʲôֱķꪣɱҲˡ뵱ֻ꣬ǱһΪʦ㵱ĴʼնǲµͲһˣ۵һţˣﻹЩɾ˵ء
һɺԣ
һɺԣǺǡ
ӼȻ㵱Ĵˣβġٻ㣿
ʦʦ˵ҵĲٻк桭
ǺǣΪΰѰٻλʦã㣬һֱ𡭡
㡭Ҫ˵
Һ˵Ϊβ˫ޣΪͷβûа㿴ұѰɡʲôˣһ֪Щµȵ£Ѿˣ꣬Ҫɱأ֪ɱ˶𣿡
㡭סڣʦܣܡ
ұ㣬ǲѡΪǣ
ҪһΪ̤ķ֮Ӵ˳Ҳȥһǡǣõϵһš
ֻҪõһţҴ˫֮Ҷ޳񣬵ʱ޾򣬾ͶǵˣֻҪһ𣬱۷ˣҲκβǡ
ɾҪԸ㣬ֻ㡭
ǺǺǡɾٿһ㣬ǺǺǡŪţˣ˫֮ɾ㻨ɾҪ𡭡ŶǺǺǡ

رϣŮ۱ۣʹļףұվӲԼĽ٣ǳܵ٣ؽҷ𡭡ֺ
С֮ģֹһΪһͽġŶˣղ˸һƿ˵ʲô¶㣬ԶһЩҴƿװʲôħ֡
һСЩӣɲ򵥡
İɡ
ŮۺСɾ룬Сƿڵϣ򿪣һƿ澹һֱܳϮŮ۴󾪣һ˿


1976 ʦͽ
ͻȻϮ׼ⰵ㣬Ѹһˣͬʱһһ½Ǻֱƻƿƿ˻ȥ
Ҫʦˡ
ԶԶƿŮ۸ղſˣƿأӵġĹơһ̣˫ãȻССһֻƿǧʦͽ꣬հұĹԸԼ
¶Ȼ˹ȥ˸񣬲Ȼƿйƶˣʦ棬˱ӵֶԸ㣬㵹Ҳģʼ㵱𱨣Ҳûʲô
ˣˡ
Ůֻǲҡͷֻ̾ڰұ뷨˰ɣֻҲһˣֻȻûвǼ緢֣ͨλɽȿƣȴ˿ӡ
ʦ
СˮôҲţʦ־˿£ɱλʦ㣬ȻȶʦˣɻƣҲӸģٹˣѾд˹ƣĹƱɻƸҪԸʦ
ܹţ̼ǵõٹʱһжôİ˵λʦ֣ÿս䣬ȥ棬Ǹʦ֣ȥġ
ڣô죿
ղǰұѾһˣصڶΣҲ쵽ˣµʱ˻ӣʱ͸ԶԸˡ
Ŷˣ㣬ǧ꼡
˵ţֽǧ˹ȥŮ۽꼻Ŀˣʹϵ˺ˣˣʱźãұѣ˪ˣСֻܾĥ֮ѱ˹ˣС̶δ
˿ֻ޳֪ʱ򣬽Ҫ취Ըұӣ˪ѾˣһСܵ˺
Ҫ󡯡
Ů񽥽üᶨһ̣κα֮ɫǶ˶Կ
üʵΪ󣿡
Ůۿ͵šššššššţܽɾ׷ֻܴ֮һ룬۹һţŵĽơ
˵ͷ󷨣ֵܵһ󣬲󷨿Ҳͬ˺ˡ
ŮҡҡͷΪ֮ƣֻˣǶ˹ҽԲǶ֡
ʵǽβã
Ů۵С⣬ֱҵڰ˸طмҪŶԣܳԺ֪ǣÿطӦ
š
Ůϸ˵˵šЩҲʲôǹģֻŮƽϵһЩƷǷǶ壬ȵȡ
ЩαͷǷŮ۳Ϧ飬ȻҲķԶʤЩνķ
úһкŮͷŷͲɾıһ쵽ʱâֱʣɫ죬ѤöĿ
Сź̧ͷ˵⣬ɾѾˣֻƿ󣬲ܽˣȻҲȥˡ
ûʲôоҪ˵ĻǴҪ׼һԿˣұӱػ뾡һа취Ҫģ˹֮ǰŮƻָһЩָܹˡ
ɾĶ˵⣬ܿҲٹˣ˽Ծ㵵ؿɾǱߺȻİ˵һִ̣ͷĸо
ǡʦ
ʱڰұĸ¥ϣվǰȻҲԶԶɾ˵Цʦ°һֱҰɣǺǡ˵òһգҵͽ˵ʲôƭ˵ġʦΪƾ󣬾ܹס𣿡

ɾŮΪ෨ʱɫЩɷף̽ţҪ˹ָָܻ٣١
С⡭ȥ鿴ǣ쳣̻֪ҡ
áʦСġ
СⲻԣԶȥˣŮ۶ˣӣ£˴˶ӣŮۿЦһ㣬ҲҪˡ
ǽùⲻȥԺͶҺЩֲˡ
ŮҡͷЦ㵽ڻƶǶˣʵҲûо԰գܹסǣʦٻؾȫҡ
濴һۣ·ѾνˣȻصܵãðɡˣ˹ˣǧ꼣ƺõÿһЩ
ȥգ죬ٹƺǳƽɾ棬κζ֮ǰҲƽġ
ٹĳϵӣЩ񽫣⼸ȴǻ̻̲գҪ֮£Ŷһ£ٹøˡ
˸֥ҩټǧ꼣Ůϵȷʵõü죬һΪҲһһ㣬ָš
ɱϾѪħλ֮ͨµĴˣȻЩ֥ҩټ֮Ҫ׻ָô׵һ£
Ҫ֪ھһط֮ǿشܹһҪ׸ԭжǻϰǧʱ䣿
һʱɾһ죬棬ΧʿԿһĻ
ΪʹõЩ֥ҩŮѾȥѣֻһıСѣʹСѣҲѾʪ͸ˣ֪Ǳصˮʪ͸˿ĺˮ
һһΣˮϣε˳ǧЧˣ޸ţĶ棬˫ӿ˹
㣬оЩ𣿡
ʣʹԼԲע⣬ֻ߲ʹŮ
һЩˡ
ˮ¶ŮǰջЩɷ׵ӣʱѾˮ˳ջ䣬ֻһۣ
ʦʦ
ʱԶСŻŵģԶʦˣ桭ʦִ˺ö
һߣڻǴ㶯ôҲ޷ֵܹЩա
ŮȻ۾򶨴ݣ˵С⣬Ҫţȥ󷨣󷨳ǣ쳣̻֪Ϊʦ
ǡǣ
С⿴棬£ʦʵӰ㲻ԥתȥ
ʱҲ˰ұʦ˺ô˵㱻ѪħˣͺˣõӸˣ˿ࣿαҪʲôõ֪ء
Ůۼʹ׼ɴʱԲ΢΢һ̵㣬Ҫ񣬲˵ʲôʲôֻר˹ǡ
ʦôһ仰ҲӶ˵𣿡
ɾûκζұٴοڣʱ⣬ɾ棬ٹ콫ЩˣѾˣԶһЩٹĳϣΪǲͣϧðұ㣬Сɻơò
ұֳַꪣѾɾ֮ţٴεʦ˵أͽ˲ͺˣٻ¶о¶Ҷˣʦƻָ
ʱɾ޶ãʦ󣬴Ů֮󣬱һնͷ
ԣұɱһ±øˣŭװǸʲôʦ˵ʱֵˣжԶԶ
ʱɾڴŮ۵ұʦͽһߵز޻˵꣬գͲҪǨŭˡ
ꡭ
ұЦһǵʱͷȥǧ꣬εΣֲʹЦÿɬڣ˵Щкã
Ǻǡ
ʱԶһĵǣʦͽ
ɾſڸв˽һֻ£ϼȴ¶棬·һŤһŤֻ֣һۣҲȥˡ
ӡ
ʱɾٴδŮ۵˿ɾŮӣӣ˵Ů޾ò˫绪֮ˣôǰӣĹǹˡ
ȫ£һһģֱǹǣκˣɾҲãҲգֻҪѣ˵޾вһη¡
ӵֶȷʵ˵ֶθһˣԽֻԽǳ£޷԰ΣҪôԪҪôΪūΪ澣˵ӣʱŮӶӲġǧơ
˿̣Ťϸ˫ִӺᱧסұļصɾɲҪˣʲôġҪʱһѽ
ұָʱɾ棬ʹŮ۱۾ҲܹʱǻһĻнաʥׯٹֻ¾ҪΪӵˣǻ棬룬㲻Ŀ
ϾӿɲֹһˣЩ֣רǵ֮ŮֻڣҲѾۼٹˣٹЩӣöǳûмֵܵסġ
㣬ҪŮ񣬱Ʋûָù
üĽʲôûССһֻѣѹվǰҲȻסֻŮϵЩٹӣһȻǧҲ֮ʱţƷ֮ǡ
š
˿̣Ů۳񣬲ȥ棬İ֧ŵסֻЩˣͿˡ
Ǻǡ
һЦ֩һڰұϣӣɾ㿴ʦˡ㵹˵仰
ұĿؿɾ棬ٴεʦҲԸߵһǡˣʦ㽫һšұ֤뿪ٹҲٹκһˡ
˵ʲôҪ뿪ٹ֮ĻʱֱŤһ£üŪۣʲô뿪ôøطҪ뿪𡭡
ұ˵˵ô˵ֻҪһõˣʱ߲ߣ˵㣿
ʦȻǾֵˡ
ұ˵ţǰһߣꪣһꪳŹȥ֮ϾͬСɣŸʱ춯صľ죬˶ȥֱȻʹǰұǿɰҲѰ֮ƾιʼտȻɾȻǡ
ôȥҲֻǰ׺ˣѰװ취
ұԣһ룬ȥֻٹ棬еƷһ֮ϣǧ˶ɲɹĵӣЩǷȥ½磬ĸǵߵŮ
ˡǺǡ
ӿƲϵЩӣһǧٹЩӣ۾ֱˣЦ£ֻҪ񣬵ʱȻù࡭
ұʦ֮ᣬˣҲܶҡ
ǺǡǿδأŮ֮ҲȫˡֻҪĴһ˿޵뷨Ѳ⡮ǧ˿ġ
˵ţЩӿȥֻЩӣһ֣ɫ̬֮˳ܵסһЩ˹ôǰֻŻ֣޲ʯˮϴ۾һŮƤģǹе̫Ҳδܵסοһأ
Ǻǡ
ŮӣЦ򸽽ЩٹϵӷȥƾЩ˵ټᣬǧ֮£нʣǣҲܿ쵴Ȼ޴档
ǺǺǡ
һЦڷеһ͵ѣʱҲĲ籣ƮȥЩŮӣȻڵسٹһȥ֮ǡ
Щħ֣ŮƤֶΣأֻŮԣļգׯٹܿҪΪӵˡ


1977 ɱΧ
⼸գ洫Ů˹£ʼ񲻶ֻҪһӱҲ϶ġ󡱣գƺҲͷˡ
һˣֶˣǸòȥСЩ꣬ȫǾήңŮ۵ͽܣС䡣
Ǻǡ
ӳɾЦŮۣ˵㲻ܣǰˣѵҲ𣿡
ʦʦ
С䱻ĵѺţûоʦʦҪŮĻ
С䡭
ʱɾ棬Ů۾ͽܣɾ棬СҲһ½Сʦ֣
Ҫġ
棬ȻŮר˹˵֩뾫Ҫһпɳ֮϶ǧĪҪϵСȻˣ֮ԲɱǵŽգԴҪЮ㡭
仰ȻЩ飬ɵˣŮͽܶ񣬽ΣԶŮ»
Ǻǡ
ٴδӵôԼͽҲˣǰǸ߸ϵŮۣЩͽأҰľԪһһ
ʱϴСĲҽȻͣǵʹ࣬ܵ
ֻЦŮۣٲ󷨣ͽҪҵĵԪһὫɹˣǺǺǡ
С䡭
棬Ůɫ𽥲԰ףϺˮҲԽԽܣȻ٣ܵһЩӰ졣
ǱΪ飬ʲô⼿ͨͨʹɣ
ֱĺɫĺϣɾ޶ǰʼҫ۶Ŀĺɫ￴
ұɾʦļ취ûãֻǿ
ǡ
Цһ䲻㿴˰ɣ֮ǰ˵ʲôţаǵͽǵܡ
߰ɣٴӳ顣
ұ޷ֻôظұڿⲽ벻Ĵϣϴ缡ɢǵζ
˵㣬ܱܲȥˣε۾ˡ
ѩ׵Ĵ棬һĵԹұͣҵ͹Ҳ͹ʦʵ
ǡ
Цһм֮⣺˵߼ǧ꣬ɱ¶ûѧ𣿡
ŴԣұʱĿ⣬ӼôԼһ²ˣӴʲôҪˣûңɳɲ£
ߣ
ұһߣձ䣬ЦЦʱգɾɣǲЩˣ˵ҲкóʱûмˣͲ𡭡
ұ˹ȥӲϣһ㣬ʱڱ֮УҪȥôˣȹգȥһƷǰæ۾ͲƲŮ˵󷨣ɾ

ڡࡢ̫ҡ⼸ѨѾͨٽúͨȻδҲָܻΪ
棬ŮɫЩɷףȻи֥ҩټǧ꼣ɾ֮˱Ͼûô׻ָֻǿȶʹ䲻ټ񻯣Ȼ취ָһЩΪ֮ƣֻˡ
⼸ղ涯ȻȥЩѣħˣȻһյʱٹ⣬һƷ磬һڷ磬ˡ
ٹεʥׯϣЩħ֣￿ð֣գȴȫ档
Щ֣еòеĿֲˣеĺ֣Գƴɣʲôǣܾȴȫɡ
ٹһڵӣôֽһŵɫɷףȴֲ
ٹ
棬ⲻ죬ΪŮۣǲ̤㣬ҿٹ֣˵Ů۴ӲҲֻǶԺԣЩƷ֣ܾĴԼǸʲôԼ𣿻ͷٵȥ˱˵Σ֮ˮȫŮȥžڡ
Щģ֣͸ˡ
գЩȫۼٹʺĵãٹŪø˵ЩģɱϾΪǳ˼ǧ꣬ĳЩҲȥǡ
Ůۣ㣬ȴǳ˸Ÿ㲻ǿɽˡ
Щָ֣£ʼ󷨣ƾһ֣ƿ󣬿СС֣ǳİǧ꣬꣬ǰҲԲ
ɾֹ·ʱѣһа֧ţۼطҲѾѺۣұһʵֵȺħݹֻ֣໹мգɾ㱻ˡ
㣬վΣ
棬Ȼר־ŮˣЩţŮɫȥѾ࣬ڣֻܲõ
һ
Ůʱ˵ʲôȴֹտڵ̫Σˡ
֪ʱָΣʲô˵£Щǳ˽ұ㵲ţҪ˺㣬Ǳ̤ҵʬ塣
һ
Ůۿһ£ᱧסˣΪΣҪôá
ḧϵĳǰΪʲô˵ףҲƼˮ꣬ǡҲ˵ΪʲôҪ˵ĻڷǸҪˣ˿ھϵҲǰҪˡ
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ʱ洫𵴸ˣЩħݹ֣Ѿҵ֮ˣЩ﷨Ů۵İ
ʦʦˣҪƿˣ
ʱСŻű˹ȴƼʦλһʦӵһæƲͷȥңûп
С⡭
Ů۴æɿ۶߷˿ʵС⣬ôˣ
Сʱת˵Щ֣֪ʲôȾʦ󷨣Ѿ쵲סˡ
ǵ취ɱȥˡ
ǶԷǧǧˣǣȴֻСԶ÷ˣŮʱָһЩΪֻҲܴ󶯣Ҫʱĳ֮ΣĻǾǽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
֮󣬰ҡҡ׹˵ҲȻֻ࣬໹ܳһʱ䣬ҪȺָˡ
ʱǰ棬Сȥ鿴ˣں棬ŮۺѾ׼ͻΧһߣǶϷЩݶħ֣顭
û£ɱȥ
һֱֻ٣һֻֽǣŮ۵֣Ŀ⿴ǰĹâӺͰұϾҪɱˡ
һ±޹أȴǣ˽
㣬ڵȻ빲ˡ
ǰĶԽԽ󣬿һ̣ŮȴЩԥǰͷһ£ţ˵ȻУ٣С뿪Ҫҵһţõһǰǲܽ
˵꣬Ů̧ͷ˫գ˫Щģ˵ʲôȴһ£˵Ļ
һǣ飬Ů֮飬ָУҪ뿪Ӷ֮ǣ㲻ָʲôаķԸô֣һ֮⣬ýȺħ
¡
洫һ춯صľ죬ˣЩħʱ糱ˮɾӵСֵסֻ˻ʦߣ֣ʦǳˣ
á
ᱧ٣ǰ㣬ָϣһɽϣ˷·ɾ˹
һ죬ɿƲɵһ½Щħ֣ȫѪ˳ȥе»ΪһƬѪ
һ֮ǿԤϣұӶûܳס˽Ա˳ȥ
ܣʦѾˣܻ
ұϲ˾ɫղһȷʵҲɫɷףû뵽٣꣬
ʱеļɵһɺ⣬ҲøŨˣΪ٣ǵ۵٣
һ
ɾ棬ֻɫЩ΢΢԰ףղһȻԡѪԪ֮ģȻǿ󣬿ĵģȴԪ
һ˺
Ůɫ䣬ԱСһȻԣŮȴǳ٣ѪԪ֮Ȼ֪ΪѪԪ֮ȥѪԪľҲˡ
ʱɾ棬Ⱥ˾ţղһֲһЩǳֱӱΪһƬѪʹǵûüӿҲˣŮۣ֮
ϣ
ұĿ䣬һ£Ⱥ־ۼʱҲڿˣԭʱٲŮԭղţǴ˷
ܿ죬СС־ӺͰұֵЩˣʱڶ£òȥ
ж١
ٽѪԪۣԱŮ۴ʧɫһεͣһһ·һоԻ촷ۣҲܲס֮£ҷ
һ£ָŵˣ˿ֲұӲȥȴǳȥ
򡭡ӣҲˣһ߰գ
Ҫߣһ̧㶾ζʱʣǰķ·ֻ˭ߣϣ
ұ٣ɫҲһ²԰̱֪࣬ѪԪ֮߷ѪԪ֮ܺĵ˼Σ˵ѪԪĲ˼Σϣ
ܿ죬־ۼۼƽŮɫһףһ°סɣ
俴Ⱥ֣аұˣ΢Щ˵նҪŽ뿪û˽֡ǰʳˣһ֮Ҳǽա㻻һ㣡
䣬ٴνָңһɲǣָһξѪУ٣ǹâ߲ʶĿƲ㷭ӿϼɣ·ؼһ̶ԴԴϵľ˹
һ
Ů۳סˣ˫ˮӯӯЩ΢΢ʱɾ棬Ⱥħּ˿µ֮һɢһֻµˣ˭ҲҪǰ壿
һ̣δһ̷׼ӣӣˣ
ӼȻҶ׼Լʱŵûɢæ˰ұ󣺡ɾס
һ٣δ죬֪ΣֻºʮҲܵħҲҪɲǻΪޣһǷҲȻء
ұķꪣ߲ʶĿ٣һڲǿ˵α̤ˣҲƳܲס˿Ҳֻܷһˣô죿


1978 
㣬ߡ
٣һ٣Ȼ׷ֻ¿ֻԴ壬뿪ٹ˵ٹ⣬ֻȱסһ¡
˿ЩҲãҲã˴ûиģӽСĵضڰұ󣬶ұһ٣Ҳ׳ԡ
ֻܷһ١
ɱԡ
Ҷ׼ұˣŮ󣬽Ÿ͵Ϯ
ʦ֡
ұǰʱСẰһɫ԰ף΢΢ʱգȻʦ֣Ȼܻͷʦ֣㲻Ҫһٴˡ
ߡ
ұһߣȥĿ⣬ŷꪣȻѰ˼֮ơ
ȷʵ亹ֱѪԪҲֻܷһˣδͬʱɱشұӣǽģͻˣŮҲЩ
ڲޣˣˣһ磬ԴŮ۽ȥһⲻ˼䣬ҲΪ˼нƣɾȴûʲôơ
ǰЩֵиӣұ˸ǿѰһЩ̫˾صҲͰˣˣҪҵޣֻʱ⣬ʱɺã˼ֱ׽
˿̣ңŮۺСȥұֻʼձһξ룬׷һ٣Ҳ׿ڣͿ˭סˡ
ۼҪ뿪ٹˣޱߣһŮٹˣʱҪҵ¾ˣ룬Һİ꣬Ҫҹҹðޡ
Ů۵ΪҪɱֱƵģֻǱѪħشŪٵСڣƻָʱʮͰұ򲻹ɲֱȥһС
Ҫˣȥס뿪֪ʲô
һѰұĸ첲ѾʼЩļ٣ΣŮ뿪һòֻΣ档
ҵȻ֪
ұˣûк·ˣѵҪͱ𣿿һֻΪҪ˻ذ벽
찡㻹ʲô
ԽżʵҲбƽΪˣȰ벽ҪǿһЩȴ٣ҪӲôһ£㲻ҲҪǧꡣ
ôϣ
ұķꪣСʼԥִʦְ֣ɣʦġ
ߡ𷣣ֻὫҴԭΣٷ麣ɡ
ұձƴˣҲ˻뿪ٹŻ˵ұվһ𣬹·
֪ҪǿȥˣȻᵱȻһ·ɲ֮
ʦԲˡգң
ұͱ֮һ»ɣһˣһʱŭ׹һɿֲϢŵøĴСһӴܡ

ұһնʱƾ䣬ŭţһ֮˵һص

ҲҶ׼һɿµ֮ҲӭȥʱŮɫһ䣺һɣ
˰ұһٷؽһɲǣǣָһʱס٣һʹϵĹâɢȥˡ
㣡
һ٣ɫһ䣬ɾһɲǣֻŮһϹһɺصŵɢӣѾˣŮɺ纣ֶδӳȥֱӱ
һţ
ɫ䣬˲仯һȥһɲǣŮ۵һ֮밽ұı֮ײ䡱һƲ㾡ɢɵɽ¥ֱһ˲䱻Ϊ촷ۣٹǻסֻѻȥһ롣
ۣ
ұһѪֱ󵹷˳ȥ˵òᣬӶ㿪˸ղһ£ʱľѣһţֲղһ£ҪԼȥܣֻѾɢˡ
һֳ̣̰֮ɫңǰԼ֣Ҫ۰һŸꡭԣԼˣ
е̰֮ɫԽԽأΣһҪõһţŮ۸ղŶùһһŵˣʱڣӦǷڶ˰ɣ
ӣ㻹ʲô
ұؿڣֻƿһ޴˿ڣѪעֲѣʱڣҲٷڶιˡ
á
۾ֳһ֮ɫһ̣㹥֩뾫ֶŮ۸ոնһһţô̻ʱ䣬޷ٶõڶΡ
ʦСģ
ʱСȻҲñ֮˵ұǲ࣬Ҳǿסһ
ʦߣ
ʱһߣһӰ˳ȥ֮ǰһϢС䣬ʱҲͬСһƴˡ
С⣡С䣡
˺ܿȥסӣ񶾣СҲң
˵ţһ죬һ¶סСĺСѾ޶ʱ˿̵ֵסֻǿ֮סӣʦߡ
ȥɣ
ɱ֨һ£СĺϵĽâˣȫȻʧɫ
С⶯֮קӵĽš
ÿһƽһƣСѪȴԲ֣ʦߡ
С⡭С䡭
ߣ
Ѿ˲ôˣһұȰұָ˽յˣһ˲䣬չ˲ǬŮ뿪ٹ
գԶԣұǶˣʱӦǲ׷ɱˣǽҪȥأ
ŮˣããأӦȥģ
һ覣¹ˮʹɽһƬξŮɫЩ԰ףͷϻֻë׵ĺ䣬Ȼ⶯һţ򽫻ữԭΣֱҲʧ
ʵŮ۶ֻѩë׵Ķ䣬ȥҲͦɰģڣûȥƶ죬ۼͽŮһİɡ
ȡȿȣ
㣬
סûû¡Ůҡҡͷֿ覣Ժ棬һĻһĻǴǰ뼸ͽһʱ⣬к
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ǽȥ
ʵȻʱӳˣɹ˶ãһָػѭϢ׷ɱ
ȥ
ŮһʱҲЩãˣڣҪȥô£Ѿ֪˭ˣС̶Ҳ֪δ
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ϼ̡
һ̣ŮҲ뵽ˣӣٵӦûδϼҲԶһڣܹϵ
ϼÿǧٰ꣬һ磬ķÿγһ£ڣӦǻδʦЩ飬Ҳʶߣȥϼ򣡡
²˳٣Ů·ʮ󣬱㵽ϼ˵ϼããһƬɽƺҪԻһЩϼ̣˵Ѿ˺ü꣬ϣۣʮ
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Ůۣ㲻ǲôˡ
˸һϼ򣬱˽רӭӿһ㡣
ŮЦ룬ʦ̽ãһһ˰ɣֻߵôҴңδб񡭡̿ɱС֪
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̫ˡ
λ𣿡
ŮҲ˿㣬˵ͷغˣʦõ۶ζѪ񹦣һ⣬޿ɴĴڣȻǰǴңҲһѪ֮ӡζѪá
ϽɽжԶ룿
šˣձ㵽ܼ𣿡

һ·أڲټ˰ɣŮʵλѡ𣿡
ֻÿЦ±ߣϱߣǱˡ
ô
Ů룬ֵ޷ʱ䣬˺һЩͨϣʱֱˡ

Ͻɽϣǧɼұأһ룬һλƼľȣüĿǺͰףü䴹Цгһ졣С
ɾǰŮһŮۣϼǰȻСˣң뵱꣬ʦ𶼳ƶԷǰء
̣üҴææûС
Ӵ˵ãСұˡλǣ
һλѣһ
һ̡
ԭһСѣסǷģˣɸﻹһλҲǷġ
˵λţ⣬Ӧһλѡ
Ŷôɣ롭
ϼǺͰף£Ůȥɸ棬һƬַǷˣЦ޼ɡ
ûпĳˣûУֻ鷳ˣϾɱ˶ԷͽܣѶԷһˡ
һ
Ѱʱ˽֣ѭȥǴһһ´ֻŵˣһվЩ˲ǧѣζ
ζ
˲ô࣬˹ȥĹˣǧѣʵֻʦû㿴ûУ
ǧѡ
ʣζһüͷֹɫƱЩŹ֣һ뵽֮ǰʱ΢ŮԼǧѣѵ⵱СȻʲô
һ𣿡
Ů˹ĿζϣһۿˣϣǿѪ֮ѵǣ̫һ壿
ζҲһ̧ͷλǲˣȻŮ֮ŮۣǿߵϢȻڣζ²΢΢һһʶôʵһ𣿡
һʱ֪뵽ǧѣҲ˵λԣٹŮۡ
Ůۡζ
ζ˹֣ЩʲôƵǰλŮۣҪͿġ
ã
Ůۿ˿ֿ˿ζ˶²СһƵѪϢʲô
⡭һʱ˵
һʱԲ֪ͣʱͷŵҲǧйص飬ζΪڴˣʣ¿õȵҹˣѯζ֮ǰǵ׳˺£ʱ䣬ϣһˡ


1979 ҹ
ҹ¥һƬһ˵ˣζ£ʱζŽ渵䵽޾֮䣬ǵطʮֻңұħ׷ɱ£ʦãħﱻ׷ɱħͷ׷ɱ˵ñء
˿̣ζ˵ţʹ˵÷Ƶܹħ͵֮䣬Ǻգôһ˵õģֱ˵
ζǧҲңû䵽ȥֻ¾ͳˣСŮǾҲټҪǵȵطǵħȫǿֲħͷԶ׼Ҳһ亹
أΣʵ
ζһ·£ڵ޾ʦ֮ǰһħͷľѧҺ۶ûħʴҲǳңҵʱûأǶ˱ЯǰҸȫĵطһˣܷϢֵ֪ʲôط
˴ɫ뵽֮ǰǧѺζƺԼԼЩ϶⣬ȻЯֽˣҲǺ£ʵǽʲôôֻһˣʦء
ζҡҡͷ˵ʱǽһСҹɳǡĵطšСһ˶࣬أϢͨ˴ҲôϢǡ
ʲô
˵˴üʵ
ز죬֪ҹɳǣ˭ĵط
ʱȴŮۣȥţֻ¹ʣŮۻһװޣԽȻˡ
㣬˺ЩôɫǰЩպ࣬ϼ鵤ҩ
޷һЩˡ
Ůζ˿ֿ˿ɻ󣺡㣿
ζƺŮΪ㣬Ҳ˳ƺ㣬˵ʱ
֪
ŮߵԱ£ߵͷȻЦ϶ˣӵùҹ۾
ԶԶԣ˾ҹ
ζϵͷŴϣҲ˻ҹôˣץǣ
ζʱǳէҲ֪ҹ˭֮ȥϢգջȻ˼Ϊˣһ㲻ͨգȥͣɵʱֲʶˣȥ
˴ζּͣͣǼҶһ۾ͿΪˣҵ˻ãѵȴƣúöĵر֥ҩǵʱŪ˱˵С
˴ѴЩͷ˵Ǿ͸ǣȥ

ζҡҡͷ˵ʦãǵȺ޾֮ĵˣô£СΪϣǿǼ˲⣬˵ڴ˵ˣڶȥǵϣǱ͵ǣδǵ׷ͷģǸҹ
üͷüȻǾͱץȥˣ

ζҡͷ˵ǡ롯ʱҹҲͿҶ֣˵Ҫǿж֣ʱҺʦþǷˣδ֣һãҪȥˣǼˣмв˼֪߲ˣҲֻ
Ȼأ
տʼǶʱ䣬ȷʵɺȴ֪˾Ҷ˳Ϊ˫޵¡
˵˴ζָŮһЦҾ֪ˣһ̤ҹɳǣҹѶˡ˵ҹй˫޵£Щ£ȫ֪ȥ򡣡
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üͷζӳģ
ζûʦôأѾˣϣѼӦҹ˫޵£Ȼ͵͵˳
һ˳
ǲȻأ
ζԼԹ֮ɫ˵ʱʦ߲ˣս˭Ҳ߲ˣû˻Щ
ˡ
Ů۰˰ļ򣺡˵òá
á
Ůۼ֮ζ˵òҹɳǣûô򵥣һӳǼΪףѰ˸첻ٴλ˵ʦã˭ҲӲǴݾߺԺûлӳˡ
Σ֮ȥʦãҪʦһͷұɱҹɳѪɺӡ
㰡˵ꡣ
ŮۼôʦãҹΪĳǼͽܲ࣬ⲻʲôиף֪𣿡
֪ʱζӹҹɵۣ𣿡
š
Ů۵ͷҹɵѾ̤ԲŸԷΪۡЩ֪꣬Σд˵Ӷ˲̣һ̫ɽһҹɳǣԶ
˵˴ŮͣͣôͣϾѪŨˮҹɳɱ췭ظǰŻδߣҹɵ۾׷ˣı£ҪұбԿ𣿡
˵ˣʲô˲ģЩ˲Ϊߵѣ̤ǲһŲһɵۡ
Ůۼ˵ӣһЦô
̧ͷǽ㣬Ҳǵʲôҹɵۣ˭
ŮһЦָϹһ£ȫʢʱڣһָܰأʲôԷɵۣڽǰƨҷһ
ζһôҹɵۣǿһɵۣǿߣֵ
ζԾӣҲЩ⣬˵Ȼˣ֪ҽ˭ǰ
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Ů󣬶ζһԿţ⡰ܡˣδҲ̫˰ɣһһôһ㣬Լʦã˵ùǱ׷ɱŻҹͼı졣
Ů۵㣬ˣȥʦþȳֳ̫󶯾ʲôҹɵ֪֮ˡ
š
Ů˵ͷҲ˵٣ϣԷһǾһУ֮·мǲɵ飬ҹɵ׷˭Ҳв
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ʱζҪż˵ʲôŮδ֪һЦҹǷиϽ𶦣ų㶷
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Ů΢Ц˶Բߣ˵зû𣿡˵ţһ̧ϱһССĳӣⲻȻҲǼɼҷ
㣬ǡ
Ƿ֣ʱųϽų֣𺣷ڣҲ
ô𣿡ζĻӣŮͷšպá
лл㡭
ζסԿţѷøԼζһۣ٣֣
²˳٣˷ձ㶯ǰҹɳǣҹɳǾ˴˵ԶԶ˵ζ޹̨ͬŴˣٶȿɷ˫ܱȡ
һգǰ֮𵴣ʹ̨ҵζǰƬ֮ץˣȥҿû취
ץ
˿̨ͺͺģץ
ţ
ζعͷɻؿһôоЩһˣ㲻Ǽٵİɣ
أ
Сģ
ǰȻһ½ץסֻͻȻôһգζܵضһ£ʲô
ץ
ɣȥˡ
ǰƬ򣬻Ѻۣһ½֫סˣôţζһˣڽķϣ
һº˱ҹɳǣֻǲ׽룬ǿѹͷߣοҹǳһͷͻмߣϻΪͬĳϡ
Ҫǹ˼ɶµħϢܻһЩǿע⣬ȻĻֱӼµħȥˡ
¿֣Ǿȥˣ˭ס
ȥ
ζС࣬ʱڳ棬ŵƽʣϣɷҲܣǲҹûȵԼҲˡ
ȥòҹǣ֣Ҳã̫Ļʹױ¶
֣֮ҼһǰƸΪձҹȢ֮գȢ˭ǧѣ˭ǰˣҪһ죬ǧѱˡ
ȢʦãҶûȢʦãôң
ǰƬûڵƺµͻȻðһ仰ζתͷֵؿ
˿ʲô
㲻Ծ
𣿡
ͷԼʦðɡ

ա
ҹ棬ɾ仨׷ףˣʱǧѱڴˣҹ˺֮ˣԹ⽫һ룬ֻ֮ǣȴԻָ
ʱһ仨׷׵ظһ̱棬ʱˮ
ȪˣҲãһλӣ٣ǣϸֱۣˮᵴ۵ָƬ꣬ӯӯһյϸ޲ԵᣬֻΣҲؿһơ
ʱˮһʣˮᵴƬ긡ؿڣǰһĻƽξһ㣬ԡ
ӣǧѣʱü֮ϣһ۶ӡɼҪ۶壬һǰٵġ߲ơˣܾͲˡ
ȻֻС벽𾳡Ϊ⡰߲ơȴͨѧдƣһһˣ˭ܳŵסһꣿ
ǧѴʱ۾ʱҹ˺֮ѣ˴˴ϵˣٳ޷ȬȴֲǴȻʱ䲢δǿȴǽȦɾһҲȥ
Ҳ޷ӳȬһΪǿƿɾڵĽƣǿɱɾǼ̫徳ߡ
ǧѵɱҪζضˣ֮۶ٸߣǿʱڲסһĨɱҪصɱ¶Ծ
Ҫ֪һǰֻħɱ˳һ·նɱħͷЩħͷΪǽεκ۸ŮӣͷûӦֱ
ֻϧһ£òٸ͵Ϯˣһơ߲ơҪӵÿ죬³ֱڵ³Ҫµö࣬ܵʱҲû뵽߲ƣӵ֮졣
ڣҪô죿ѵҪ޸ʲôҹ𣿱˵һССҹҹҹɵˣҲδؿۡ
Ǵ˿̣Σִ򲻹ҹ֮ҲˣζȥˣһĪչ֮ʣǰһö׹˸
ǧժ׹ϸغãвһݣ׹˷Ӧѵʦˡ


1980 Ϊƽأ
ǧţζζߣΪϣһ·ˣôҲǡͬѡˣͷǸԷɡ
Ҫ⼸СҹԸֻ˱ҪǿˣкüôΣգҹȵÿζֶţҪǼǣѴƵˮȥ溰ҹˮˣֻ±ûôӹħצˡ
ںˣʦԼˣҪ취ٻָһЩԪҹΪټɸﻹô೤ϣʦвޣҲδȫˣҹΪҪ˫ޣʦڴǾֱɱˡ
ʱȻѾߣǰˣһﴩѣһŷεΣˣ׼ı֬һˡ
ԡˣױ
ˣٵһʱ
ǡٵһʱˣʱ
ұ㲻ˣ
ǣǴˣϴһʱ
ĸѾ߿ɲҵæӣòԸˣҪΪ˼仰ˣֲޣǿҹɱĸ
Ǹţ
ǡ
ĸѾ˵ţݵȥѺΣҲҶһ¡
棬ǧѻ˹ֻһʱΣ¹˻ᷴɣҲҪ⡰߲ơʱѹȥ
⼸ɸ滹϶Ҳ͵͵͵ָоͺڵҹˣȻٰһڶʵȥ
гȺˣζѾǱ⣬ҪǳȺͨ籨ţҹô׷ǣղҹɳɱѪɺӣͲǧѣ
ǧԽԽƺ⣬ɱҲŴˣ̼ǵһ£ǹƥħɱʮɱһˣһӶûɱôˣҪеΪֻǷԲɱʬɽѪ
һʱĸѾ߶ЩˣһʱǼʱˣҪ˳ȥҲⲻܷô죿һ˴ŵӣʵϴ𡭡
ˡ
ǧҲ̫ܵãҹ˽ˣʱΪ鷳ˡ
һǧѴصˮգ˳£մžӨ͸ˮ飬ںڳմڱϣȫɢһɵ㡣
ĸѾ͸ˮ̣ԼԼܹӣһʱҲˣ
תȥ˭ǿˣ
ԲԲ𣬶̫ˣǲûס
ĸѾߵСúܣǧѴС£˹ǰѾǼ˼ڿϳˣæԹźѴϣˣһæױһͷ
æ˿һʱŪˣĸѾ߱Ҫȥȵȣǧȴһ½סˣ˻عʲôԸ𣿡
ӡ
ӣãѾ
ӵݵǰǧϸ˿ԱĸѾĽ٣ֲҴߴ٣ֻЦŵˣҹɳǣ˭Ȼˣһϲ
ߡ
ǧһߣֱӽӸˣôÿɲǳȥҹġ
ɾ棬һͷ׵ڿϳˣǼòˣӴιҵС̣϶˺üˣڳˣ
ɸ棬ŵƽʣ죬Ǹҹ˲Ψûаҹɵʢ˲ͣȷ¡
̨ǸѵӣҹˣüĿ߰˳ߣʮӢͦ
ѣˣ
Ӵźͷˣҹȥб䣬̲סͷƿˣһȻѣزڷԱߵţῴһֲۣ˼ϣô
ô෱Ƚˣѣ
ҹ˵ţǧѵ̨ϣ̨˵ҹȢ˸ޣó㣬߻Щ˻ţɵղźͷһ̨̣ŵıͶվŵ˽ż⣬Ҳ࿪ʼ壬⵱紫ǰ㣬Ҿ޳۶ֱǧһҹŪһλӣ
ʱ棬ζ̽棬̨Ϸϼ֮ˣȻǧѣô죿ֱӳȥ𣿳ֻʦҪ̴ռٱˣвУֱӳȥ˰գ
ȵȣʲô
ζҪֱӴ룬̽סˣ˵ҹɳƣҹɸΧ֣ЩΪĳϣôȥȷǾˣͶ
ǲȻأ
ͷһۣζ侲˵ȥУǵõȵ϶ʱʱҹȵ࣬֡
ޣ
˵ֱ꣬Ӽ٣ȥѵ˺ʦöҪҪٸɴȵϣ
һ
ζһţҲֻų̈׷ȥ
ɸ棬ǧѱЩżôʦ磬ʱˣһϲһ룬ôȫҹĸְ
ʲôˣ
˾Ҵҹ̵ֽ䱸һ̣ǧҲˣ˲ˮһҹӴȥ
ģ

һ죬ǧѵĽλɸĳϵˣһµգղһľϣֻ²ҲҪˡ
ѡ㣡
ҹҲһ±ɫղܵõλӡɱҪһ
ʦã
һ𿪳ߣʱһƬңҲˣĴҴܣĿ¶ɫô£˭ͻȻҪɱɡ
ʦ磡
ǧѴɱҹʧܣʱҲôˣ˫һţзȥǰʦ硭ˣҵþá
ǧѼϲˣ˭ܹᵽ⼸ľϣͻȻ֣ʱ飿
һĹģʦãûСϾǾ⣬ĿףֻˣôڷԴǧѡ
ǧѼǰʱһˣ˹иǸˣ̲סҪˣһܵίǼǿҲ̲סˡ
ûУûС
ǧᣬҡҡͷǿЦЦʦ磬㿴ҽ𣿡
˵ڣɱС
ʦеˮһɲǣñ·Ҳص˴ǰû˿۸ʦãʲôǵۣ
ʦ磬㿴
ǧѴѣǰתתлˮȴЦ绨ʦ磬㻹ǵãһң˵ʦãϲ𣿡㻹ǵ𣿵ʱ塭
һ㶣ʱЩ
˿̣ǧͷۿ˳ȴЦñȻϲϲʦӵϲ
㡭
أȫסˣܸоʲô̼Ҳǣ⼸ضίԼ̫ˡ
ζվһԣס˶ͷַһ
Ұ£
ҹŭѣ˿̵ô棬Ȼ˵Ҫ޸һˣ̵ȥ
ʦãСģ
ҹ³ǧѵһһһɳʱЩѪˤ˻ȥ
ô죿
ϼɵ٣Ȼղһ󣬿Ǹܵó̲ŵĿֲ֮
Ůĸ£еģҶƬ
ҹŭɶٽһҹʦãһͷٸ㣬ңҽҹɳǣɱʬɽǲš
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ҹһԾжһꪣ֮ǲСʱ͵һң֮Ʋɵ
ģ
̫徳ĳ˲䡱һ˺ֵδˣȴȥ
ҹ˫۲Ѫ˿ǿҪһ㣬ŶԷ٣ϳˣŮ۵٣ŭ٣У
ûˣ̼ѱΧ˸겻͸ҹɳɱ˵ЦģҪ뿪ֻ²ôˡ
ٽһÿҽҹɳΪƽء
˵ȥǧѺȻ٣ʦ磬ٸңһ٣ûӦֻÿһԴƥ֮ȥʱѪɣˣһЩ̨ͤ¥Ҳ˲䱻ˡ
ʦá
ɫ΢䣬û뵽ʦþҲܶ٣ǿе٣ֻ»ᷴ
գҪΪƽأ
ǧѺȻɱҲƷɲˣʮÿһԴŻ֮ء
ܿ죬£ɸ˷棬쳾̹ҹЩҲãҲգ̼
ӣ
ӣǧѽҶ׼ˣһȥһֱնɱһ˱һۣҽһѪˡ
һɱôˣҹɸ˲ԫ棬ʬǽ壬ѪʦɱأѵΪ
ȵȣʦãˣѵ
һ̣־ŭҲһӿɱҹձǲˣҲҪµħΪƽأҹɵѾ˳⣬ҲҪɱҹ
ûС
ǧᣬ޺˵ǹҼ£ߣжƻָˣΪ𡭡ʦ磬ɱǣ
áǾɱˡ
˾ɱͼ࣬ʬħҲȫ˯ˣɽգɱͻȻӿˡ

һ佣ХԭգȻƴһɿµϢͻȻҹɳǣҹɳǣԱסˣðգŹ·һ֮Ԩƶ
ɿϢ£߶ŵɫҵطȥٳԭַҹɳǣһ±һ
۹½һγھ⣬Ѫɫ˿ϣҲһѪһɣµĽɷ֮Ϊһ塣
һ
Ŵʱ˫Ѫ۾ѪƵĿӣζҲһϤɱ˼Ǹ˼ʶǸһɱأ
һˣѾסˣȻҹɵ۸˭Ҳ߲ˡ˿棬ֻζˡ
ߣʦãߣ
ͳһ̻عͷģ飬޻£ζסˡ
ٶԣһЩնȥѪƿնһɱԻѪ
һĻµЩɱȻٳּЩ϶ʼˣҲ׶ߣıͺЩѾŮڸղó۹½ʱ֮ززˡ
ǡ
ʱҹڿУǰѪ쳤ƹʵ޷ǽɱжء
ˡ
ϵɱԽԽأɵΣǿΣһǲκأ͵سҹնȥ

ҹϴʧɫæȻڵ۹½֮£ûκεֱֿ֮ӻѪ⽣δͣһ͵ҹնȥ
ͣ
ѪĽҹһҽУȥֵɾꪵֱۣն
һ̣ҹĿ֣Ŷϱ۴ѪһʩչѪ֮һѪ⣬Զȥ
ߣ
һնȥѪ콣âƲɵһɸҷ𣬴ɢΧ޻ˣҲ֪ҹǷߡ


1981 
ǰһնġ֡ζ˶סˣʱô˵ģŪ̫󶯾˾ߣأҹûˣǸӶٲͣҹɵ۶Ҫˡ
ѾƽҹϵɱȻδ˫ȻѪ죬ҲѪеĵ۹½Ȼɷϣ
ʦáɱ𣿡
˿̣ǧѿȥһ̣ǧѿֲӣҲһɱˡ٣һˡһ˵ţһ߽ٵݻ
棿ҪɱҾͽǵˣȫɱˡ
ͳ˫Ѫ죬·Ѿȫ˸ˣǧ΢΢һæֱۣʦ磬ɱˣɱˡһ˵ţһ߽Ľȥ
ã
۹½Ԫջȥһ˲䣬ƶʱɢȥϵѪʧˣɱʧˣ˫Ҳԭӡ

һɲǣֻеؿһʹղǹɱʱ·ѹһղŵ۹½ȫ޷ѹɱֻǵȫɱˣýʱ˻ȥ
۹½̫аˣ⣬Ϊû˽ɵճֵĵ۹½꣬ΪԨ
ʦ硭ģû𣿡
ǧЩģǱղɱˣǸͲòŵǰѽ̫аˡ
뿪ɡ
ܿ˿˶ѾӹˣղһҲ֪ɱҹûУɱʧܣ˱ضӻȥˣӶٲֻͣҲҪӳͷˣΪ
˴Ҵҳ˳ǣǵˣѾŵòҳ

ʦ磬ղŵӺÿ¡
ɱǵġ
ûǡ
´˵
ʱǧǰ棬ζں鿴ߵƬ̣ǧѺȻһߣƷˣղҶ٣÷ɡ
ʦá
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߰ɡ
뵽ղŵӣ⼸ض˲ί򲻻ҺҹûʧȥӣĻʧֻһ۶ҲȻᱻȾôһ̤ˡ
ʦ磬㱧Һ𡭡
ǧ˫۰ϣ˵Ҳ΢࣬Ͼƣ֮ɫһ½񱧹š
ššеˡ
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ôˣ
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̾˿ֻ̣Լ˯˰Ȱɡ
߰ɡ
ζ̨ŶǰȥֱҹʱǧѶû˿̣һ˯ǵһΰɣ°ŪѣҲһֱţûзȥ
Ҫ㱧һ𣿡
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ǰѾþˣԼһֱΪЩɱģʹˣЩɱģɱġ
ԴԺҲʼնиңһʱ䣬Ҳʮ˰ɡ
ʮˣ죬Ű仰˵
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ζϴ󲻸ˣ˻ڿһֱĪ˵ų̋ʷȥˡ
һ·ϣ죬Ҳą̃ɵ̫죬һգ۾͹ȥˣǧѱʦôţҪжһʱҲЦʦ磬̨ɵÿ찡ǰɣ
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Ҳʮǰǵ·֮󡭡֮䣬˴ʮĽᣬѾ⿪ˡ

һ£ҹɵ۲δ׷ɱһ·Ҳһǧˣƺ˵һС١ħͷģ˵һҪšôǳˡ
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ϼ£ûôӣǲҩͯӻŮ壬գһ徻򲢲ƽϽɽϣԭϼɣգȴӴ֣ɽΧ˸ˮйͨ
ͷĻǰұϼ̰Ů۽ǰѾۼˣֻǰϼ̵¸أټϽɽҲһЩ󷨣ǲóȻȥգϼǲϽˣǻṥȥ
˿̣ϼվһϣǴüĿӣСͯҲǰЩ֡
Ǻǡ
ŤˣȻѣ£ҹҹ밽ұ˫ޣұ˺ˣҲȡ˲ԪʹΪоѰİ벽֮ˣֶĶˡ
ֻЦϼ̣ϼ̳ϽɽӼ֪淢˺£Ů֮䣬Ҳһ˵ˣҲͲ˵ˣֻܰ˽ˣǼ˺ߣŪһһľ
ӣˡ


1982 Ů۳
ұô˵ŮҲʦ뾭ѵǧ붴˻һ𣿡
ʱɽϳ˲ˣЩˣȻ޾ˣЩͷףЩȥᡣ
ߡ
ұһߣЩ߸ϵǱʦҲһ
ұ㣬˵Ů۱ϾʦʦŮһ𣿱Ůƻ󣿡
ˣûеΪȻܵõұǵʵαҲãҲգ޷ӦԵģЩҲֻվϽɽ棬Ȱຣͷ
ϰұ꣬أһӣŭˣʦ֮飬ݲ๣
˵ֽ꣬ϼһָϼ̣ұ㣬գִⲻϽʦǽգݹְұ飬˴Ϊƽأ
һԣɽԾҪϽɽΪƽأΨϼȻ治ɫüĿұʦȷʵȬʦͽˣٻΣ
һһЦŮ˺ٳ㵱ҶвɣǰϼЦλղſǶˣ޹ߣɣɲۡ
⣬⡭
һʱ䣬˶ܲܣⰽұӣΪɣҪǶֵĻֻû˵Ķ֡
ִ̣ⲻϽˡ
һɲǣұĿϺȻɱϽɽͯŮǣŵȥǵǳɲǶ֡
ǺǡðɣˣǾƲԳԷƣײĲᡭȻˣɱֱӣϽɽΧһ㡮ǧƶˡ
һǧƶ֣ɽвٶŵñɫҪȻӺԽӣ޾㣿ЩˣһǧƶֻȫҪˣϽɽһЩƣҲѱǧƶһһ͸
ְɡ
ұٶԣȥαʵȴ٣һһϽɽɽϵ󷨷ɺԵ
Ǻǡϡ
һ£ȺҲȥɲװ˷ǧƶϾǧƶѪԪƶɵġ
ܿ죬ϽɽѾһ⣬Ƿһ赲ͰұĹôȥҲŲסá
̣ʹˣ˺һЩԸЩ
ϾѣɲУڴʱϧͷûʲôķԸȺħݹ֣Ůǵ֣ǲЩ֡
ŮۣٹѾûˣڣѵҪϽɽҲĻ͹ԹԳˣٲ۱ˡ
һ߶ڰұ󹥻һϽɽ˵
ʱϽɽ棬Ů۾䶼ڶɳ滹мСŮɫ΢䣬˵㣬ǧҪĻʦǵţֻ˹ˣ˺ˣȥܣ˲þͳȥͬŹǡ
Ůǳ£ʹ֪ʱΣҲŮ
šġ
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ֻѾȥ£˵һζҲû˰ɣ֪Ƿɹ˾Ȼأϣһ˳

ʱ棬ѾֵסұȷʵеʵǿֻϽɽķͿֵסˡ
Σ֮ʱԶȻһ׹˲ϢȻֻӰһʱ˳ȥ
ζǧѣǧϵѾ࣬ʱд󰭣ҲܶΪˡ
Сӣڳˣ
ұһСӣƳ˼ۺ죬СڣջǱһʰˣ
Ⱥ٣뵽ֲأ£ȥ
ʲôϣûѪԪˣ
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ҿӣ
ұ˫Ѫ죬ȻɱСǸ󻼣ζȥ
ʦ֣ÿ
ǧһµɫ΢䣺˵ΪСġ
αѣǿôοֻ֣
ǧ˿ⰽұƺЩħͷݶˣ󻹲۶ˣ
ָֻһüһ㣬۶ʱȫղƣһɹüճұξһͣƺϣ÷ꪵǰԽԽǿʹò˻ȥ
۶
ӿȻһŭָǧѣѾͷ;Ůʲôϵ
ǧһۣüһ۶ɹ⳯ȥŵɫһ䣬æԶȥˡ
ԭ۶ȴܹϽɽ棬ǴסˣλӣȻ޳۶Ҫ֪ô֪ģҲֻǰŮ۶
Щ糱ˮȥζҲˣóŮ۸ķֶԸЩأ֮ǰҹɳǣԸҹҹ𶦶ûóͱˣȤ
ߡ
Щȥǧһߣǣʦ磿ҲԼǳªģ
û뵽۶û˼Ľƺ󣬾ǿھԼڲõ۹ºͶħ£Ҳδְɣֲܴһ·ɱ
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ֻҪĴ˼伴ɣܸобػᷢ벻飬ԤУ⣬ʲôҪˣ˼Ǹ˵ء
Ϊʶһ⣬⣬ڣƺģһЩ̫徳߶ѣǾ⣬˼䣬Щ̫徳ߣҹЩҲǿߡ
˼䣬ǿߣľ⣬ϣѵľ⣿
ȻĻЩ̫ǿߣԶԶŴħɣôһҲ
ѵҲ˼˵һЩǿߣϸʱʧ
˿ֿ̣ʼЩˣļµĸоô£ʱʱ򣬽޾֮УܸоһԼʶ
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ʱұȫڣϾƬƬɫ۸ǣһأ㲻ǧѵ۶ˡ
ʦáСģ
ٴιعʱ񣿶ǧȴȻУ֮ʱֻ˸ƺĳַӡűһ죬һɫġdӡɳһɫdӡԽԽ˰ұǰһСɽ㣬ѹȥ
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ұȫϵȻɫġdִӡѹȥˣָ⡰dӡһ£ֱӻһɢȥ
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ұٴȻסǧѵ۶ӡͷӡǧѵɫЩףϾұҲʵʵĵΪô׶Ը
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ƷɣһҲ˲ôˣٴγУ԰ұǧ֮£ұڱˣвͣ

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嶾죡
ڣˣÿζһԿţҲóˣֻⷽԲɣв㰵ɫֳȥ嶾ǱѰκŶؽжܴ
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ÿȻζ̨
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ǧѼǰߣһ
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ȻһҪĶջϻûüζǷ֣Ķȫ˽ȥ
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Ӻ޺޲ѣ嶾죬ԡ򶾶˺þãһαһΣҪƣҪüʱ䣡
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ʱϽɽϣȻһ죬𣬿ɲɽϵ˶Ϣ񣬶ұɫ΢΢һ䣺ˡ
ôˣ
ҲԤвѵŮˣôͺˣǿѪħɵ˰
ܵˣӣһˣʦұɡ
ұѾ¶ģձƴŶ֮ҲҪˣɫòұ⣬ΪʦŹ㣿Ϊһָɣ
֪ˣָһ󣬿ֻܶ򶾶ˣճɰڴһ١

һ˲䣬ұֻ˰ɺɫ۸ǣкɫ͸Ҳһǿࡣ
򶾶
Ҳķ򶾶ֻ򶾶ڿУ治кɫĶðκɼҷϣֻҪһ㣬ȾҲǳСģ򲻵֮ʱ򶾶һˣԺʲô
ҪƴˣСġ
٣Ѿܵұǿµ֮ˣӵ򶾶һ£룬ЩԥҪҪ۹½ɵ۹½ھⲻܽƣɱ̫أɱʴһҹɳǣʵЩΣգʧˣһʧأʬħҲضѹ
Сӣձڣ
ұ˫˫ҲԸ£ζԥ𡰷֡ǧָһˮҲ˳ˮûе۹ǵǿ󣬿ʤͨʶ⣬Ǳ
䣡䣡䣡
˫ѣζѪ֮ڣü֮Ѿһ̫Ѫ֮ӡȻɶܹܵǿµ̫Ѫ֮ɽһһǧѵ۶ͷӡ̫Ѫ᲻ʲô˳Ծģ
ȻУǴ˿˿ΧЩȥħӰֻⶼҪ𾪣ԴЩħӰˡ
˫ãϾߵΪиͨӳ֣ڻǽ·磬˵ĵپһЩ˵ұӲǶ֣ЩˣҲҪ˵ˣζ̫ѪѹЩνġѪˡ
ԼһڿҪ֧ŲסǧζѪ֮Ҳ޶ãȻҲС
ô򶼴𣿡
İұǿ࣬Ůۣܹ£ʱϽɽϣһǧ򻯣һȵĵϢֱΧӿɢ˳
ˡ
ɫ΢䣬ΧЩ֣ŵĶߣŮǻָΪһܽǴûҷ
ڣϽɽϴŮͽס֣
һǿϢֳĶӣɫֱ䣬ѵǳŮˣΪָˣУˡ
ߣ
ͻȻζǧѵסȥ·ʱݺݵѾͷÿ

ǧ۶֣˿ӣ۶ʱϽɽһϹַԲҲ߲ˡ

ɫһ䣬ͷȥȻŮֻۣϽɽ߳ϼǧѻָΪ
ͽס֣
ŮָһһϹұæ÷ꪵֵһȴһ󵹷˳ȥ֮ǿҲסŮССһָ
˿δȫָµΪҪԸͷǴ´ࡣ



1983 ̫׵
ʦ
ұȫɷڣ˫Ѫ죬ȫħǰѷꪣҲкɫɷ͸ɷ֮麣Ů۾ʱ򣬾ôһ죬ʹѾǧ꣬ɷ֮ʼ޷ȥ
Ůۡ
ӿʱϽɽ߳Ůۣŵòѣ֪һΣŹϾɱٹôӡ
Ǵ˿̣ŮûȥĿֻȫɷڵİұϣһһұʱգȻ֪ڸô
ڸģ
ұͷЦͳҺδ֮СΪﾺǿʳķ𣡡
סڣ
Ůɫ˪ɱλʦãɱλʦܣڣԲ֪
ЩɣȡɵǳΪǡأ
ұָϽɽЩˣЦɱȡ¯ɵǶԵģҲɱˣɵͬΪʲôҾǴأ
ϡ
ŮһһɫۣϵϢһǿ࣬ұЦʦҪɱôɡãʦͽǾڴˣָɡ
£ȫѪȼ£ȼһɫ֮ȼձԪ
ұҲסˣȼձԪҪƴˣȼձԪҲĶ֣һԼô죿

ұȼȫѪŮ۷ǿһʱܲ׹ϽɽϵˣŵȥҪ߱ʦ
ұ
ŮǷһ̾Ϣһ̾Ϣȴκʹ࣬գָһһϹϣһɲǣɾܵһǿϢ㰽ұȼԪʦĶ֣ձɡ

ʱŮۺȻɫһףѪѪ֣˷ɺͽƣǿжΪȻƷ
ԶӼƷʱתΪϲץסһұڡɱ

ұ˫Ѫ죬ǲŮˣֱһնȥһꪣɱŮۣҲؽش
㡭
Ҳ˲ô࣬ɲһһ˲˹ȥ۹½ҲУһɲǣӿ۹ɷ֮ʱַԲ
͡
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ھ⣬۹Ѿܵƣ̫֪֮۹½նףǵǿߣҲ븴
ұˡ
ղһֻŮϣûзŴӲ͵ϮԱ۹½һնס
ұ
Űұ룬ƺ׹ȥŮһĿԺ棬һĻһĻСʱİұ
㡭㣬ģ
ٹ
Ҫɵ𡭡
ӽұʦˡ
ʦҸĸأǡ𡭡
ұ
ŮۿŰұ׹ƺʬۣʹ࣬ƱһһС
۹ɵߣ㣬
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Ů۾˸ղһұնס
ұ
ԶұնףҲŵĵѣҪܣһζˡ֡

⧲һ֣ʱֻϴƤˣʹ˻Ůۣ֪ˡŹҰɣ꣬ʦҲһ
һأ
Ůһ˪ӹƻұٹڶƣŮָһһϹɹȥһ±㽫ӴԭΣ˷档
ϼָֻϽɽϣЩҲұŮ֮ʹҲᡣ
СΣ
ʱϼŮԣŮתл̵鵤ҩѾʱް
ǻҪٵЩʱ𣿡
ˣ߶ѾãҲҪٹ
ŮҪԣȻҲ˴ţ˴ٹΣˣǽкܶ顣
һλʦ𣿡
š
ǧѡ
šǧѡ

һʱ˻صٹһֵطƻˣδ˥Щ֣˵ұһ֮ززٹϵĻƣӺͰұһҲԶˡ
ŮִٹٷϴˣͽˣС̶֪ںηǻţϢҲȻɡ
һ£Ů۲һƣǧѵˣҲ˳κˣǧһơ߲ơ£ܴɱŮҲЩԾһ뵽۶Ҳûʲôֵˣ۶ֻǸտʼˣǲŽһ
һգɸζǧ˵УŮ۵Ȼˣ֮Ũĵطˡ
ʱΪȻѾͻƣ⣬ҪͻΪ˼࣬ο֮˳棬̫֮ȷʵ֮ǰӯ࣬Ļԣǰؾأû̫塣
Ҫǿֻ̤㷽֮ɱ˻˼ǧ궼δһ֮츳ǿҲһ֮
һһ䡮㡯ûа׽УŮ۾ôһطˡ
֮ʱǧѺȻˣȻ۾˵ʦҪĻҰطҲС
Ӳ˰ɡ
ǧߵǰ۾һеӣʵ㲻𣿻˵˺˱ûˡ
ɽ˾ϣҪ㲻ҪȻȥɡ
˿̣˷·ֻص˴ǰӣ﷦ζȥһ
ˮһʽѾˣʲôġ
šʦ˵ģˮ顣
ң뵱꣬һʽǡˮ顱һ޴˹ͬ޴ѵС
ʦ磬ߣҴȥ棬ˣ
ȥģ
ûӦѾǧǿȥˣԽԽˣԽԽǸʦãܸоûô򵥡
⣬Ŀ֮󣬵֪ڵΪȥյĵطܳһʱ䣬ֻζоζһûи⣬ֻǰ֮ġ
ζԵĿģôǧأ
˿̣ں棬ǧǰ֣һ·СԽˣԽǸоԼǰһУֻΡ
ǧѣǲʲôûиң
ͻȻͣǧҲͣ΢΢תͷϵЦʧΪͻȻֽ֣
һ˺ò׽⿪ʮĽᣬҲٻصǱʱ򣬱ûʲôʦã߰ɣղţҪȥģ
ߣ
ǧһߣơԭ¡ˣǣ֣Цŵ֪ˣߡ
룬ٹѵ֪ĵط

ͥԺ仨ƮƮζרѾЩˣһҲδ뿪һ棬ֻ̿ࡱģǧѲ˵ˣɢԼúȥ
ʱ˫ϣͷϣϣѾ˻꣬ϢһˣЩƮɢˡ
šͻˡ
ζͻһ㣬Ϊͻƣڸϣ̫ͻƣΪΪͻƣ޷ʹ̤뷽̫֮ͬÿͻһ㣬ɱӣɴΪҲͻƣƸΪأ
һΣ뷽跨ϣȷʵĿģĿģֻͬһ˶ѣҪȵģҡ
ҵΣһޣǧˣҲδҵİ취ҵ
ҵݽˣһݽߣǧˣٵĲֻǡʧȥ԰ô򵥡
⣬Ҫҵһ̫ҵѪֻѪѣѪȻǿ󣬵ȴ޷һ¾̤뷽֮Ҫҵģǵһλ̫µġѪ
£˶ֻ֪峤֪Ȼͽ¸̫ʱڣλ̫棬ǵǿ֮һ̫ǿߣЩνġǿߡ
λ̫棬ȻһΡѪϣɾ˼䣬ǾֻⲻؽƵľˡ
ܹںһΡѪԪˣֻ̫Ѫ֮ˣһˣȻܹںλ̫Ѫǰǣܹҵ
ʣںһѪ󣬿ֱ̤뷽֮ЩҲϡ
Ȼһɱ֮ˣ̤뷽֮ȥɱ˱ģҪһǨȥһʹʧˣҲƾ֮άֺܳһʱ䣬ʹ֮˥
ζ𣿡
ζ˼֮ʱԺ棬ȻŮ۵ζعš㣬˺Щ𣿡
ް
Ů˽ﻹһˮʱζ㣬ֻǧȻƺΪŮۡ
ŮۼζٸеĿ̿ӣһЦˣˣԵ㶫˵ţˮʯϡ
áлл㡣
ζ˹Ůۿƿŵĺһһ뵽ˡ
ʱ䣬˵һֱûгȥ
Ů۵Ȼó棬ǰζǿ̿࣬ٹÿ춼һù
š𡣡
ζһ߳ˮһߵͷŮǿóζղ£⣬ʲô飬棬͸ģһǸʦá
ζ߽㣬⣬Ϊʲô
ţ
ζͻȻôʣ΢΢Щɻﻹˮ㣬ôˣ
û£ֻʣ˵𣿡
šҲǡ
ζˮȥֽüʵŮҲ޷һҲ죬ôطδȥλ̫µѪ㣬˵ʳʲô
Ůۼʱģ˵ҸܵóϵѪ̫һ壬šǸ˵࿹Ĺϡ
ζһҲ֪̫һ𣿡
Ȼ
ŮһЦ֪ܲأζչüͷ⣬ΪѰҡһλ̫µһѪ
̫֮Ѫ
أŮ۵Щ죬ܹ뵽һͨͨѪѣλ̫棬ΪһξѪˣôλ̫棬ȻǸʱǿ֮һߣû֮һ
ζ֮ҪҵһѪΪҵʧˣЩ֮꣬ԻܷϢȫڡԣұҵǵѪ˴̧ͷŮۡ
Ů۵ݽߣǲԻط𣿡
ζ֪ôʣҡҡͷ㲻ףǽǨô򵥡һʧˣȥ
ʲô
ŴԣŮ۸ǲ죬ȹ£ζšһɣô⡣
ԣֻҵ̫һѪ
š
ζ˵ͷҵλ̫µѪ»ָ̤뷽֮עµܱǧ겻˥ǧڣһֱ֧ȥѪ֮ľʱʱұȻҲµѪˣһһȥ
ˡ
Ů۵˵ͷ֪Ϊ˿̿ˣһΪԼΪȥᣬб˸ߵľ磬ѵãѾʤЩνˡ
㡭֪һЩط𣿡
ζʵȻλ̫棬пܽѪʲôط
Ů۵ղ˵һУȷµĻôһλ̫棬Ϊһ쾫Ѫ䱣ôпܵĵطȷʵ֪һ
ʲôط
ζ飬𽥱Ůۿ˵ãҪ֪ڵĵطһܵģģġеطԣǱɽһǡ
ţ
ζ˵ȥ
Ůۼھ⣬к֮ܶأ̫ʮ׵أÿһΪһ֮أ涼һ̫Ĺܹʮ̫ĹÿĹһλĹŵ̫ǿߡʵΣȻҲ˸ҿ
֮أ
ζɫһЩţŮ۵ͷʮ̫׵أʮ̫ĹֻʦǵŸ̤ǵ֮أڣҲ̤ʮ׵أʮ̫Ĺ
˵
ζͷȥѾŮ۵Ļˣʮ̫׵أʮ̫ĹĹһλ̫ǿߣҲͬһʱˣһǸǸʱǿˡ
ˣλ̫桭Ҳǣʮλǿ֮һ
ʲôʮ׵أʮĹ˵ʲô
ڴʱȻǧζˡ


1984 ʮ֮
ˡ
Ůתȥֹͣ˸ղŵĻ⣬ֻͥԺ棬ǧ˽
Ůۣ˺Щ𣿡ǧʺ뵽ǰӣֻԼˣ֪Ρ
ŮһЦ޴󰭡ʱҲɳˣȥѰС̶֪С̶ˣδ
Ǹո˵ʲôʮ̫Ĺ
ղǧԶֻŮۺ˵ʲôʮ̫׵غĹûǰ˵̫һ¡
ζˣҡҡͷû£ҺͽղģһЩΣյĵط˵ʮ̫ĹաȻǧ֪Ŀġ
ţ
˵°¶Ů۵ղ˵̫Ĺʲôط
ŮҡͷһЦ֪Ҫ˵Ļ˶һֱˣ㽫һЩʮ̫Ĺ˵ˡ
ǵǿߡҲ𣿡
Ů˵֮󣬲Щ֣Щ˱׷֮׷ˣ
š
Ů۵˵ͷ˵ʵЩв˶᳢ԽЩ׵أûֹͣǽȥֻųģʮһ
գЩΪλҪȥ
һ̣ԼЩ࣬˼ˣοأΪЩϹر֪һȻҪȥ꣬ħڣգҲȥˣ˵ǴΡ
ǧѵЩĹʬ壬ŸǵĶǣϧð֮ȥѰҵĶ
Ů۵ЩԺٸǣǺúٹãи桯ʱһȥǰǣҪűЩǿʵ˵ǲʵ
棿
һ֣оеʲô·棬ȥƺûô򵥣Ů۵Ժǻ֪ģڣú˵

ڷ棬ϸӦϢ仯ΪϾǶĸӦǶĸӦԽԽǿǽǷǳԵġ˺һ
ણણડ
ʱһĽŲ㣬С̶ǵ𣿡
ѾȥңõġŮһ˵ţһ˽ʵоΪΣ
辶Ҫ̤뷽֮ûٰʮ꣬붼롣
ʵ˵Ŀǰ״̬õ۹½ͶµħʵǧѺζǿ
޷㿴
Ů˹ָһüģϵ˻δȫָѾȶҪͨһ¾Σ׾١
ȻҲ˽Կˣǡ츳ѣñһ񣬷ɳ񣬵һʯͷҲ޷ĥ񣬾ְôҲá
šⲻͨ
Ůһ˫ϣԪ֮ʱӿ澭֮С
ƺġ
֮ǰδãʱŮΪָԪ֮תȫһ֪̽
šʦ
ʦ²С
Ů˫գԪ֮תȥһգڶʱ˲ͬʱ۾һε
šʲǸһЩɵá
ҩ
΢һüȻ뵽ʦ˵ҩȻΪһʱΪʮ鸡һԺ谭
ˡ
Ůһۿйǣ˵ָɵɲǷ߰ɵĵҩ޺ˡ
˵˴ͣͣѾûˣ޷¶УһƣҪüʱ䣬šζʦ˵ƫģһƳöһһö˵ġʡʱЩҿĶ
Ǻúκ¶صġ
ĳأ

Ů۲мһЦƻָûǸԣʱ򡭡ӦҲ֣޷ڣǲ¡
š
һأڸоٱ׷ɱˣȻҲڲͻȻʱһֱ룬ֻûҵŮ˵
ôˣ
Ůۼµӣ֮ǰ˵֮𣿿ڵΪȷʵȥ
㣬֪һڵ۵𣿡
ڵۣ
ŮɫһΪҪй֮飬֮ʼڵۣ뵽֮ǰ̫Ű˻˵飬ȻҪȥҵ̫Ű˻˵ˡ
Щӡȴּǲˡôˣ˭
Ůã벻ôˣôһܸоģģЩӡ
ûʲôһʡ
ҡҡͷǺڵ۵ݣΪأƺ֪̫Ű˻˵£ǲ顣
Щգͨһ¾
á
ĺɫĺϣŮߺãضҪٹܳһʱˣʱΪȥҲãõʱ򴦴ƣҪȥ֮Լ̫Ű˻Щ飬Ϊֻһٴζ
ֻ˼䣬Σˣ޷֪˼һУҲѳ׶ϵϵŮ˵Ĳú󣬿ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ãʮŮ۶ԣȻǲúʮ꼸һʱ䣬һգۡ
ò׺ɣ׼һ𣬾Ѿ׼ꡭ֮һ취֮ͻ˼䣬ʱزȥˣ˼ķ˼ȡֻıټЩʱҲѾȥܾˡʱߣ֪˭
ġ⾳߲㡰޾ɡҪܳһʱˡ

˼䣬߷壬Ρ
ʮżһͳΪ˵ڶš˵ǸʮѾʵˣ£ֻһšǾš
ʮһͳɣ˵˵˼
꣬ʦԽˡ
请ϣѩͤѩ׷ףͤվˣһ˻ѩ÷һ˱ƮƮüϺ
ʮǰǴϮ֮ʦֱչأʦȥ˶Ž磬ɴʱҾ͸оʦַ·˸ˡ
üϿͤƮѩüʱ䣬ȥ⣬Ҳʮˣʮˡ
š
ü˵ֻ࣬šһ£Щʦ仯ȻҲóǿӲֶΣһͳɣǷҪɨħŸˣˣĵ飬ȻᷢΪʮ꣬ǡ֮Ҳ䡭
ʦʮ꣬ʲôʱŻ
ϣѩ׷ɣˮϣǰѩһƬһƬƶʦģһʦ֡
ǰǴ͵͵ܳȥȥʦ֣һΡΪʲôʦ⣬Ǳ˸ˣôǰʦֲġ
ʮǰħۺ;ĴЩϮʱһʦֻôãǴʦǸߵʧΪʦ㱻ħɱˣֹʱʦֻ˵¡ǴΣʦôᡣ
Ϊǰȥʦ֣ʦ˾ͱˣǣǿŻģǰʦǼޣһᱧʦ֣Ѿɽһʦָİˡ
˵ʦ֣᲻Ǹٵʦ֣

գһ˫۾̬䣬ˮ˵ʲô

ʮɶΪͻ˼ƣʦ㡰һ
˵ǴȥɱסԪģϴѾȫˣʶˡ
ʦ𡭡ǣҲҪ˳𣿡
ʱȪ洫ħ汵ɶȪǣˮ˳żϻ£˳Ȼô죿Ѳ飬ɣҪ࿪սҪԪŵѪɺӣ㡭Ҳνˡ
ǡðɡ
ħ汵Զȥڱ㲻ˣֻ졭ɹ

ú󣬱ˮŴһ̾Ϣɶرߵһֻ໨ƿƿЩˣѾʧȥ󣬿ôš
ǵꡭһˣҩȴֻһƿֻܷʳһֻƿҩ
ǿӲֶΣһͳħɵˣѲǵʶǸˡ
ʦáôˣ
ʱȪԼԼһӰŮɶһòɶеϣȴһǵ
û¡
ɶƿ˻ȥرߣֻƿü΢˵Ҫ˳ˡ
š
ɶֻ˵ͷûжԡ
ǡԥһſڵ˵㡭𣿺οǴҵԪҲסġ
ǡ
ɶһЦѣ䲻ģֻ棬ѣˡɹɣԺƾǲ

죬ۡ
磬磬ȥɣ˵ǱߵĻˣɺÿˡ
ɶһδ빬⣬ʱڿˣһ±ȥ
ûգȥɡ
˵ţȥɶǰȥӰȥס䣺ǰǾͻ
˵ûգôˣ
һ˦ˣȻֱȥɶվں棬ګګؿű
ɶ㣬ɶ㡭ޡ
ʱ˹ȥᣬ΢Цŵ㲻ˣһΪδʦѲﷳ߰ɣȥ

δ롭
棬ģ뿪ţлƮδʮˣı뿪Ҳʮˡ
˿ֻ֮ÿοŴŵʱ˫棬Żԭеᡣ
ḧδգÿδ빬δһʱҲ˵ЩܶԷ
ʮˣ㻹δǰӲ˯ôõġ
صȥʮ꣬Ѿˣȥʲôûϵһ㣬¡ϧһдۡ
˿Ȼá֣ƺı
ϡ
ãŴδַŻȥ˵
ϣѾ˳ˣոȻﴫϢħǱߡȻԸ˳
Ŷ
վһȥ𰶼վ棬֣ȴ̧ͷһСĽصϡҪ¹ȥһ𣿡
ˡȥ

Ԫɽħܽڣʮħħɣе֣յħ𣬰㡢Ҷˡ׻ʦҲҪʰ·硣
ħ㵱𣿡
ʱħսţһˣȻˣǻħֱֻӱɱȻЩˣ񣬻治ɱ
Ĵ棬˵׵ħ棬·ħ𣬰㣬Ҷˣ׻ʦˣԼߣħ̵һڳϡ
˿ħɫҪຮжຮ䣬ħƼħ꣬ħļʮħţȫתͶӪȥһͳħɣֻħˡ
ȻǰһߣһЦνʶʱΪܡ֮ƣδػִԣûʲôýħ̣ʮӣ𡭡
ôвô
ħԲ輸һģһǿΪϢȻ˳ܲסʱȥȿµΪһ̫ʥߣҲһˣ˵Ȼ⼸ˡ
Ȼվ֮ȴ£ǴݲȵصҪɱңѴ֮ɽڶ֮ǰһҪˣĳһôûˣǾֻǰˡ
仰кü϶һ£ҪǰֻѪɺˣ꣬ǿӲֶɳвߣһ֣ڶձضʬɽѪһڣħʹٶֻ࣬Ҳܲס˴ͬʱ


1985 
ôħô
ȻɫݣƺȰһȷʵвߵĳ϶ԥϵĽȥʱգ⣬ħ񹦹Ȼǿû죬ʹһͳħҲǲܣʵһ
ǣ֮һЩ꽫оȫһͨܵУ˵ʮ棬һλʵɲġ𡱡
˴ƾħ񹦵ֵһʱƬ̣Ǳɣ궼Ӳ˵Ľ
˿̣ħɫָֺ࣬γף˫սƴ󣬶ħƹ£ʱ˷ӿĵˣħ̣ؽ˲أʹ󷨣ҲδֶܹãΪȻ±ߵˣҪ˴
ǣʦһͳħȻħַѣħʼʦһѵǧĻҵվҪӴ˳
ϣȻһƬħ𣬰㣬Ҷˣ׻ʦҲ·ʱħԱߣε˳ǸȵӣһħҲʮ˵á
ħӣаޣЩҲȻͷң뵱꣬Ȼӳ켣ЩħСɣһָܽԷȴ⡰ͳ족ħǾʹ˳죬պ棬ǻͳ
ʱаǰһվָȻȻһʱ䣬ȥӣҪħ̳ûеʦһͳµʵûУ͹
ȣʹϵգøˣ˴θȻģ⼸ˣȼƣǼҲֻͳ죬ħѸģ˿ڵϵƥһΪҲϷڽǺã
ȻͷҲħ̲ħڣħǸͷҪǽնԷɱˣﶼԩҪħûջȥͷô죿
¡¡
Ȼ죬Ƭ̣ȻһҲãͷôͷȥ񲻸ԵǱ
ɽʣɫһ»ް࣬Ȼ룬УռȻѾˣ޹ĵ˵ʲôҲҪƥףħ˳ӣֱȻֻ
׳˼ֵǰ˵ħĳ˵һΣҪôħ̹˳죬ˡʵ桯Ҫôʵ֮ħ̣
¡¡
ͻȻ״绮Ʋ񷣬ޣ̹ǡ
Ȼⷬݻ˵Լһħ˺һƾܸɾԩˡ
ٺ١֮ħ̡
ħ¶ЦߵĳϣĬĬͷʱվȻǼˣǸܵˣʱħɱٲߣֻ½߲ˡ
һ֮ħ̡
Ȼ䣬ħȥЦݣһɱȻʱˣذƥŭˡ
Ǽ˻֮ʱ֮УȻһĽŲ
ડડડ
ǲˮĽŲһɲǣһɺĸо˲˸ͷˣʶ⿴ȥ
ϡ
ȻҲӦ˹˿ץסһһת⿴ȥ
ȻһӰħ̵ӣȴŵòֹ·
˵á𣿡ڣһ˽ϸ׵罻ӣ꼱С
꣬紵˽̹ǣ˵ӰҲԽԽϢ
ϣ
Ȼˣ̳˰ȥһɫۣ׷˪
ʱżһģậĿڵ֮ϣһһ˵δֹһ磬˺ա
鲻˳
˽ŵϵħ棬ûȻôϻֻĸ֣ĸ֣ȴǧصѹõ˶͸
ħָ֪˵ʲôǶˣȻԷˣǽգȻһʲôҲûУȻôȥ
̡
ʱһЩ׿ȥ飬Ȼϣ˳ˣ˳ӣ޷ǱԺħѣڣһ˶٣ǲ˳ӣƱѪɺӣʮһҴ棬ǣҲӲ˵ơ
ˡ
ʱߵϣȻһλħ̵ĳ˳ֵϷ򡭡Ψհ
˵
Σǲһ𣿡
ˡգҲ齵ˡ
ܿ죬ߵϣ½½ħ̵ĳ߳棬Ǽ϶˳˴ˣһʱԭأ֪롣
Ŀ⣬ħϣǼԸ˳ҡϻδ˵꣬ղŹ˳߰˸棬һˣͻȻҪӺɱ
Сģ
Ȼ˾ɫһ䣬ٶ̫죬̫ǿֲҹӰˣܱˣ
ȻǳϸһδǱ˶ס˺˫أȻȫѪȫһ˲ˣϣһ֮УΪҽξ
볤ϡ
Χ˶ŵɫʼգ˫һֱ󣬸ûг֡
ɿŵϵħ棬Ѹղû˵Ļ˵˳ǼԸ˳ңҾͲɱǣء
Ϊղôͻһ£ձøӹˣħֱָ죬ʱһӰӵԸհ
һ£ϸһ㶣ǽص˰

а˫Ŀѣָ常˴㣡վȻ
ûһ·ߵ·Ṫʩ񣬵ȻղǸ볤һȥɱġ
ת泯ϵħ棬ֵһʱһʱ˳˰ɡ
⣬⡭
ȻȰ⣬ʱɢħ̵ĵӣҲ׷׽ˡ

ħȻͷЦʵûдΪǲ齵ˣôչϾҲûħˣʮӣһҴ档
áã
ħһ´վٲԸҲûа취ˣȣǹ齵ˣħ̣лһ˿
ʶʱΪܣħ
ȻһЦͷȴ룬ƥԺ󲻻Υɣձ˳죬᲻ᵳӪ˽ҪȻϣһԪˡ
Ȼֻħһ̧֮жһöɫƣһƣöɫƣʱХųȥ
һ죬תȥȻ£ˣ⣬λǰȥ⡣˶
ǣϡȻ˹֣Ҷʡ
Щħ̵ĵӣʱҲһͷǱˡ

ɽ⣬ˮʣ껹£Ҳɵһˣħ˳
ԽԽˣ£ӰԶ϶ʪˣǰ𰡣
ϣˡ
һɡȴֱм䴩˹ȥֻѱϣȥɡ
ص죬Ѿһ£ƺԴʮǰûƺƬħغ췽Բø峺ˡ
ϣ𣿡
Щ꣬ϱα飬𰣬ȻңֻҲǰǰʱʱƤһˣΪǰϣѾǴǰˡ
ǻȥɡ
ǰȥû˵ȥģһۣ˴ҡҡͷҲټȥˡ
棬ʵһƬܴĻ֮ǰƺķӡûе߹һΣɶ˷Ƭصġ
¹£һƬƬصʻҲƺһ㣬Ļ꣬㣬δܹһƬҲˡ
˽ŵһɰٻﰲģƺûɶӰӦáû
ڻվһժʮ֧ʻһȥ
ص壬壬ǰˣȣɶķ棬ţȴûκ
˯ô
ü΢ƿţһϣһȥ¹ӣӣȴûˡ
ɶ
Ằһɷ氲ֻз紵Ӱ涣ӵģڷôˣֻȥ
ȥ棬ѯʣ˶æû˿Ҳ˯ˣûһ
ϣôˣ
ô棬ʵɶ𣿡
ɶ
ҿ˿ո˶æ飬˭ȥע⵽ɶأ
ҿ
á
𰲻ԥ̵֣Ѱɶټ˴ҹҲҲӰ
ȥҿ
ȻҲֻȥңɶֻȥ

ƭˣƭɶġ
˵Ժÿ춼ɶȫƭ˵ġ
꼱Уɶ߱߿ޣããôôһСҹҪߣ
ǰ·ǲߣЩ帽ޣɱϾڹ¡˵ģϵЩ£˸ɽʱȥɽ棬Ծɿ޿䡣
ҪȥɵذٻɾҲˡ
һΣСƢǵʱ·Ѿˣôعɽ綼ˣλɾ
ڶ죬ͣˣɶ뿪ɽֻѭŵһЩģģļ䣬ǰȥҪܹҵͺˣʱعɽ磬ȥӡ
һ·ϣ뵽ɾ淲ǰĵεΣʮǰϡ̲סһһŵ
ȥˣҲȥˡҲˣɶϲѾûиˡ
һţһ߿ţ¶ģҲȥˣʱǰȻӰһµŮӣһµŮӡ
ˣˡ
Ŷ
ŮĿɶϣһСɽҰһ·һ·ȤЦŵСã˭ô˻ȥ·𡭡
ɶԵҲЩˣһ֪ǰǻˣҪתܣǺŮӣȴһ·ɵǰ棬šǺǣܣ
ſҡǷſңء
׽סɶһʱί޵ϡﻩŮ˹ЦСãңһʲôˣ
ʲôˣҲʶſңǷſҡ
˵ʵ𣿡
ǺŮһɣҪһϴȥɾʱԶȻһһԡ
硭ɶҲһ£ˡ
Ǻǡ֮ȻˣǾɡ
Ůӵη壬һֻɶϣղķãҪ͹á
ڣԶһӰаˣɶȵŮٲſؽ˻ɢ
ŮǺǡ
ŮӵһЦǲħ֮ˣôŮأ
ϲԣȻ뿪
һŮη壬ԱߺŮȴһˣɶϣһҪˣ𣿡
ٲˣһ
ϢԽԽ䣬ŮЩ£㽫ɶһ٣ɶһУСŵɷס
ٲ˺󡭡ɱ
ŮӸһʱѪߣֱۣŮӷһʹҽУȥһ˲ǰסɶһ߰Ǳȥ
Ůʹ˺ѷΣӦһ£ʱѪ
Ů˲˳ȥǱɫû뵽Ϊ֮ߣһˣɶԷӰҲҪ𣬾ʱԶһӵ£
һӡ顱һһƸնϣžһ
һ£ӣΪҲʮ֮ߣʱһ³˳ޣϵɱҲüء


1986 
ϣ
ͻȻֵĺӣ𰶼䱸˻֣ʾǴɶȻ졣
˴һۣ㲻ԥ̴ɶǱȥˣ˴첻ԶǽɶȥٸϹ
ǰĿĺӣصĳޣصɱȻ֪˭˵ֻкܾǰı˽֣ɱ˴İŮӡ
ǡ
˴˵֣ƽȻȻǵñļ䣬һΣʦڶŽ磬ʦ̫ŷ;Ŷ׽ȥȸ磬Ȼȥȸˡֻ̫صȸ֮ǡ
һ
ǿֻ۾ʱȼų޵Ļ棬ϵϢԽԽ£ΪϢȷʵǵȸɱˣʮһ˼ĽƣҲࡣ
š
ص̫żˣֻ̫ص˼䰵вͲʱҿôһֱпôϧˡ
ʲôˣ
ͳǰɱĳˣֻϧԷΪ̫ߣҪ𣬽տºѣοзԸʱ
˵ˣҪ𣬿ʮǰѾȥ˾⡭
ţ
һɲǣҲ쳣ֲղһʱ򣬾ָоǰ˺ɱһģһеǹɳԹʼЩԣԭˣ˼һ
ԭˡ
һ䣬һɲǣɱˣ㲻ֻǣһ
ŴԣŮӲһ֮Ȼֻ˵һһҲ
һ˼
أԽ˫ָ󣬵صҲ²¿̫ŽķӡƣҲҪ˰ɣһͨӦͨ⣬˼䡭ôȻͨһЩ취Ӿ⣬˼䡭
ȸˡŮӸһ£˾Ȼֻ̫صͼ

俴Ϊӵûˣ˲õĶ͵һӵʮҲûãܿ죬λ̫ǿ߾ͻȥҵ㣬Ӳ
Ŷ
һЦں󣺡ð޽ɺֻұǾҴ򣬴ݣ˭ġ
㲻ѣʲôŵģŮȵ
ѣ
һЦȥĿ⣺һҲԽȸ÷顭

Ůٴһȣȴ󣬲ǰԷһ֮ǿֱΥֻһƣܽĵ÷飬ú͸ղŮһ³
Ҳաҿķжǿ
һˣһһɫĻ棬ǿΪϢⷽԲڣ޾ɢ
ð
һ̧֮Уһİң뵱꣬ҲȸҪȥԨҵۣ񣬾ȸˡ

Լʱ󣬰ص⸽ȴΧɽ壬ΪƽأУȴѲղˣƺ˸뿪á
ϣ
ˣ˿Ѳղ˵ӰϢʵˣ𣿡
š
ͷûԣղŴǿе֪һΰ޽ɺֻأ̫Žǿߣȥ⣬һӡе鷳ˣ޷滹̫Ű˻˵ǿߣֻ̫صͷ
߰ɣҲȥ

棬ɶڿ޿䣬棬ţɶͷһ𣺡ɶڣ
գſվһתȥˣɶ£ǰŵһɫģһ䣬䣬䡭

ϡ
ţͶǱߣ󷨶Ѿúô
úˣֻǵС˵⡣
ʲô⣿
вŵˣһֱڸѰңƺǲµ󷨡
Ŷ
ŴͣصšѾô
ϡΣ
ʱͣ£һͷ뷽Ҫڴʱˡ
á
ºŻعͷŴȻѵĻδ룬ܰϣھǸϣԣҪԼ취㲻ϧ˼
ڣһ鷳ڣ벼ɽɽۣΨۼˣ֮󡱣С
۲ɽɽ֮£һǿķӡӡȻǡԨ֮˼֮һԨÿŸԵͨԨŵģǷӡ֮
һϣı棬Ӧ쳣ԨʱȻǧҲ棬ôһǧѣҲźͬĿġԼһغˡ
ɽķӡ֮£׷ӡʲôƺ£ԽԽˡΣһΣ˾ܹı䡣

⡣
ض¡¡Щƺ֮ϣɽʱ𵴲ѣΪ춯ǴǱߴɺ֣Ҳͬ춯򣬻ޱɲ޼Щطʱ춯
Ǹطֳô
ÿ֮꣬ǰÿӣʮһΣﴫ춯ѾԽԽƵˡϧҵΪȥ
һΣ
ǵȵٿɡ
һɸ˶Ի֪һһɵۡ

ʮ꣬ھ˶ԣҲֻǵָ䣬ɶԣʱͲˣǰ뿪ǴΣҲֻȥɽǴΣŻ˼䣬ΣѾȥʮˣԡ
оΣϢܹշˣ
š
棬ŮѾȥʮ꣬ٹֻо꣬Ϊ֮ǰȥһꡣ
֮ʮ˵Ϊͻͽǰ˶һŮۻʱ䣬ƳöҪ֪ұ͵˻δȫõɵΪֱ̤
ȻҲ˶ʺϷһЩΪ͵ģ츳еģҲûá˵츳ȻԶڰұ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬Ů۲ŰˣʹɵҩȫŮĵǿ˷Ҳԡɵ޷棬ӸΪ谭
ѲΪֻҪɵã֮󣬾ΪѵҪʱ˷Ҳûʱ
ںöˡ
ʱ䣬Žҩ⻹Ů֮£ŮֻԻʮʱ䣬δܹȫ
ΪΣʱ䣬ٹϷʱϹΪ̫徳أ˶ԣû̫ˡ
ҪģǷ֮֮ǵôףŮǷҪʮ̤㷽֮췽ҹ̷˵ıºΪֵĻ֮£Ƕ֡
統ŮԣЩʲôǣֻҲҪùˣһ˴ģǻҲǺЦ
ұҲ֮ǰôˣٻصҹɳǣǧһ˾ܴҹҴܡ
Ů۵ͽС̶ҲڼǰˣŮϵˣ˵ȫˣϾѪħɵˣȫָûôףҲӰˣٺЩ꣬Щ֥ҩûˡ
šȥζʦá
Ůȥ˲һһĻͣããҩȥѣ˱˴˼ϵٺãɱϾŮбܲ˳ԡ
ʱһɾضмһʮɸߵ仨׷ףƮء
һ㱡ˮԼɼӰһǧѣһζ˵ѣرϡ
ζѣոоΣ
ʱŮ۴ˣﵱȻӽǧѺζÿյŮΪһǧҲմ˻Ĺ⣬ϼôý㡣
оöˣŮ۸һöɵ̫ˡ
ˮ棬ǧ۾ΪʺͬԺŮۻζһöɵɵֱ֪ӲܷãȻܸ
ǧѺζ¾ɵʹҩǶϣҲһưٻ
šǾͺá
Ůߵǧѵưǧѩϣ˻ŵͷܺá˵ţһؿȥ͸ˮԼܿζıӰζɣǻҩ
ؽգһˣҩȫٹ̼գ˵Ϊؽٴͻơ
á
ζ۾ˮվ٣մڱϣ´ӳ߳Ȼﲻӳ֣ϾûǧôãٻЩŮ֣һѣסӣǧǱȥ
صҺʺ϶ģ̌ͷһۣżŤŤЦû˿㣬ʲôڡ
ôһ˵ζһ죬һۣƨ¡
ҡŮŮ˵໰ǧһЦֻعͷȥ˫ֳ黨ָϥϣ
ζ°ɡ
š
ζŮ۵Ļ㰤ǧȥСǻļˣǧʱһգصң߿㡣
˭ˣ
ζüһҲȥҲѶϰˡ
СŮһƲܽأϾǱǣˮᵴ˫ȣ֮أԼɼ

֮һգٹϺϹ죬ϼ⣬öĿٹĵӼ󣬾¶֮ɫ
˵Ϊͻˡ
һɸϣСɰŮǣ֣Ů£ұŮ£ƽãŮ۵ͽСͽ̶˵ٹһ·ҲǾء
ʱ󲽴߳ȥǧѺζˣΪͻƣ̤̫徳ڣʹ԰벽֮ˣҲһս֮
Ƕöµħ˵뷽⾳ǿһâҲԵǱˡ
ʮΪԤҲԽԽǿˣ£ȸ֪仯ģȻΪǿߣȻ±ߵˣһЩΪ̫͵ˣ޷֪һ˿˿ϸ΢ı仯Ϊָ֪ʮǰȻҲǿˡ
Ҳ֪˼ˣʮ꣬ʮꡭ˼Ѿ췭ظ˰ɣ
ˣȥʦúζûɣ˵ɾ⣬ﲻˮȴͻ룬ֻʲô
棬СŮȻŴƵڡϷˮǧѽˮζȥζҲˮ˿ɶδ·ʱͣʶȥ·ɳرߵѣȫŪʪˣЩƯڳˮһɫġ
ҽˡ
ңԣ
æ·סӣȻܽ˵ǿ㣬ǵý˵ĵҪȥɽˣǻôĥʲô
˺ˣ֪ˣߣ
ǧ⿴һۣѸùԼѣ˳ְζ·ҲˣζԼ·һɣ·ң

֮ŮĥãŹ·˳ȥһȥŵһ˱Ƕİٻ㣬˶ϵһɲɵϢüһȻǿС
óˡ
عһۣ˵Щˣ˴ɽԶٵ£졣
֮ǰŮ˵棬ɲƱô򵥣ﻹһЩ¡ȻڲδǣҲ򵥾ˣȥȻŮҲͬС


1987 ع
ΣǶ׼ô
һգ̿ϴʣŮۼͬ԰ͣδǰϹ⣬Ϊͻ֮󣬿˵Ϊͻƣټ롰Ӧ١ˡ
Ѿɽչÿγã꣬ȥɽҲ޷ܶɶȥġ
ڵ棬˵򵥵㣬ǵÿһΡ
ڹȥǧδ̤֮ҲͰˣЩѾ̤ǿߣ˭Ҳ˭˭ռݺõĵطһ˴˼Ȼгͻǵǿߴ֣ǺԤ룬Ծö֮棬ÿһξɸĴչʦս֣żҲʦֵ
ڹȥǧŮȥɽǰǴµ˪ǲ룬ΪµļӣֻаұߣЩ棬ɰұһֱԼݹģԸȥЩ֮ŮΣҲͲˡ
ǰǴΣұɽûȥʦʦʦˣԸڹһΣҲԶ׼Ů˪ˣĳǼͽܵĶ֣
ĳЩͽܣСĵӳ£Ѿһ˵ʦˣϷٹĵӻǡ໴ȸ˪С˲̨һԷ仨ˮǱʦֳ֣ܺݺݽѵЩˣƫƫʦɽû
һΣŮȥ棬Ҳ˵һǰӣһ͵ǳʶˣȻҪһ˵ʵУʦһħηʵǿڼġ
ǧʵŮۣε棬ֻ޾棬򣬸·ɵ𣿡
š
Ů۵˵ͷǣβͬ
βͬ
Ŵԣ˶һѵˣޱɲˣӦòɣ
棬ħ֮ˣԹħҲ⣬ѵЩħҳӣҲܡǽɲųĻôʣµģֻ޼ˡ
޼ǡ䡱֮ˣ䣬ͬﳣΪ޼ߣһȫǡ񡱣ǿɽ䡱۷壬ȫӿգ֮춯ء
ǲЩʵķ֮Աǣɸ֣޳ɲ֮Ѱɽǲá
ʵ޾棬޵֮ˣһϣԼɽ˲˶ԷôֻܵķݣӲöԷ׷ĿͨѧõģԪӣõģԪҲһ
֮⣬޵֮˿־ģЩ֮ˣڡؼ͡ã뻯һ£һĸ֣Χڣٽ֮Σ
ȻҲ˵֮޵ˣͬҲ޵֮ſ־ĵط޵ֲ֮һЩѲãǿƬ̣ҲлΪһ̯Ѫˮ
󣬻һЩķУʮպǾ㱻ЩȥӰķɽҲȡ׼ǧ֮⡣
ڷ֮žǿߺ͵ǿߣ֮便ǿԹûһȷе˵СݵԵ䡱֮˵Ҳֹĵ֮
˿̣Ůۼ˼ӣͷǲ¶ˣ޼ˣɽϣ˵ǵ棬˵ǡ桯С
棿
ǧһ룬ЦЦһԵζȥȴζأЦҪ˵ֻĻ˭ùʲôţңҡˣ񹦣
ǧѽĸ˵˳̫ǧѿһۣһ˼Ͷˡ
ҵġ̫ҲЩ˽⣬ŹΣԣ̫ǵǸ̫ҵĹڵ޵Уܵеù⹦ʱ˵Žǰǳơµһ񹦡Ҳ˸ҷԣǵʱ⼸ɵϣҲҪâ
⡰̫˭죬Ҳ޴׷ݣֽдĹΪƪǲƪϮ֮գҲʶˣϣҲ˸Сζô˹ĻؽһȻ󲨣Ҫ鷳
Ҫ⡰̫ҲΪ̣Ҫ츳һҪ̫ѪһǧټһңҲܹѾˣʣζ⻹һˡĸף硣
̫뽫תתǰתô򵥣Ҫ˵ľȫϸûġ֮ˡĿǰδ֮ˡ
Ȼ޷ѾתǾֻתˣʲôתǼΣյģв߻ħ³̫ת֮ˣ󶼻ħ
˸׵겢δ˹ޣսΣҲѾˣ̫ħһħ䡱ԪľʹңҲֻٻ£ɡ
ٿζֻʺ⡰̫ˣΪΣ츳ѪѾ㣬ֻ˲̫һҲ㡣
⣬ת߻ħҲӭж⣬Ϊ˫ޣС붫ɾ£֮ǳܱ⣬ÿáѹơħԡҲǵ꣬ΪҪǧټƣȥɣ츳ʹˣҲñɾˡ
Щȱһɣܹ̫Ľ֡
ȷʵʮֺ棬һŲĹŹˣôģһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬´˹ˣһλ֮ˣΪ˵ľͱ˲ͬŵģԴһž湦
Ȼһнֻǲ²ѣصǰŮ۵֮У޼ˣƫƫڴʱˣ濴ȥֻһâʵϣ᲻ᡭ
ţҲˡ
Ůɵͷ˵ģǼһʮصĹ壬壬ڼҲ¶棬˵ڶǰʧˣĹʮֲֹڼҲ˲һͻȻ֣ĵ򣬱濴սɣҲ²⡭ǶԴΪڣܡ˳˵޾Ǵ˴޾򣬱Ŀʲôʱö֪
ŴԣǧɫȻһ¾뵽⣬δص벻
ЩȻҲ뵽ֻع壬ʵʵ̫ǿ˾ֲ̫žѧܵУ˻ڱչʱǸѾɨ򣬸ˣһΣָգҪսǿɽ
ɽǵǿɶɣž൱˼䡰šˡһĴڣÿεĵ棬Ҳɽչ
һΣϰӿʧ̫ϣֵ򣬺ɨɣΪΣ
һ̣ζ̧ͷɫʮأŮۣСʵ֪ϣǵϣ
Ůҡҡͷ޼Ҳֻ֪֪ǵдˣԡšΪϡ


1988 
Ҫô
ԺֻǧѲΪ⣬ζأȥһɱ񣬷ɱ𡱵ģʲô壬ɻ䣬ҪͷϾˡ
ţϱˡ
Ů۵˵ͷ˿˿׼ˣǱ㶯̣ǰɽһΣҪܾòܻ
ȥǲ⣬˳ȥٹֳˣŮ֪룬˵ģٹٳ⡣
ǧѵǼȻˣ²˳٣ǾͶǰɽɣҵҲ뿴ǺųƵһɽɽ
Ů۵ͷǺãǻȥ׼һ£ɽ·˵ȥԶҪ²ŵ
һ˱׼գŮ۳ǰɽŮΪָǰУٶȺܿ죬ˣС̶Ҳˣֻϧͽһȥˡ
;Ϥķ羰뵽ͽÿζߴߴ˷ܲѣŮ۲˸С
ʦ
С̶ԣ֪ʱ˾£ģڻˣԺɰʦҡ
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ô
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š
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Ů۵һλ£Ϊɲ⣬Ҳ׽˵Уصġ
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ţɽλ𣬻λִΪҲܸߣȻǻδ̤֮£޵֡

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ܿ죬ʱѹɽϣչݱչ࣬Ůòڶûء
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Ҫ֪ɽ࣬Ϊһ£æòɿҪЩʲô˱ԸȥžǣĻųӭӣȻ˶ҲŮմˡ
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ɽΪһɽղϱʶ׳ˣ⻹ֻһ壬ѾƹпҪһۿɽȫòǻЩҲС
ϣ࣬СһÿȻ幬Ҳλִڣڽӽ۵ĵطŮۼʱǸǽҴܣɫǻĿ
Ů۵幬⣬ߣʱЦ̣Ůˣ׷ӭ
ĿȻҲϣȻóǴӷС̶֪Ů۵ͽܣ˿ȥǲǺҲŮһ
˶׷ײ²ʱһߣŮۣΥˡ
ڳ˶ѭȥֻԶˣһɫѣüһɫӡǲֻһۣͶص塣
ĳ
ĳ̤Ϊ˵ģȻǱǷ󣬻вٵӣųҪŮ۴ˡ
ĳòü
ŮҲȥĿƷâԣŪڳҲձЩڱȶʱĳŮ棬Ҳ׷סˣڶλǰΡ
ȻҲ֪Ůۺĳͣʱʮǰ˴֣ĳͽܣҲ֪ǼǷ棬ȷʵûпºͲ
ĳɽģвٵӣимˣĳ״ӣʱǼ˵Ŀ⣬ҲŮۣԼŮϡ
Щ˵Ŀ⣬С̶ЩֱӣϾΪ̫࣬ȴȻ壬ЩĿԼԼѵҪͷƫȥʾ
ʱĳĿҲϣʮǰڱ˰ĵӲ˶ԷҲԷˣܲ
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˵ΪɲͣǽԪ˵ѳ뻯ͬʱųžŰʮһνÿһԿأ˾С
̫ųơͭǽڡ򷨲ƣʮ־ˣǰ˵ӳ䣬ΪȻԶڳ֮ϡ
ʮǰ㣬ɱʦܡ
ʱȻ˳Ŀϣһ±øӺˣմԣһʮǰ±նɱ｣ȥ⴫ģ⴫棬ôഫţҲٲˡ
˿ָ̣ĿƶһϣЩ飬ǲᵽ̨˵ģռ˾ǰһûסɳ֮
ƽɱɱˣΣ޾ɱɱÿ첻֪жȥ˶ѣôˣɱģΡ뵱ǳ׷ҪɱԼͽ㣬ѵɱɱ𣿽ʴ˻ˣֱЦ
һΧ˾Ŀɿڴز£˾ηʥˣڶѾ
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ǺǡŮۣĳλһˣջԺΪԺΪ󡣡
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ǧһǲģλϴԲӣղûпǶĹҧ𣿡
⡭
ԣ˸΢΢һСѾͷ˭˵Ҳδ̫ˣŮ۵ѣλ峤ϡ
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ǧͷ峤ϼһСѣҲֻһЦŮӵһЩƣʹڳǰʧˣ¸ͷɰҲ͹ȥˣҪкӣٿɰҲⲻһٳ
ĳǱߣɫѿβǵôǼ̨ϼˡ
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ס֡
ãҼסˡ
ԪƺϲŭɫصҲǾžŰʮһνһһ㣬һ

һգôˣҹʱ˻۷׷ףѾչ£ɵԲǡ塱ˡ
ǰӣɨɣâ书ѧŷɥھȻûˣòɽЩӵˣ˰ɣˣʱ˭סǵķâ
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ζеغһšŮ۵ͷǰ˵Ϊͣǲɴ⣬ԪİʮһѡνʮӦ
ǧһЦг񣺡Ů۷İɣˣҿҲԪ΢е㱾ˣ
̫ͭǽҲǱѰɱˣֻҪͭǽڲƣκι˵ˣСӡŮٴѡ
ζ뵣ģͭǽڡķԪνʱȿ˵
ļգ˱ɽ棬ڲú棬һҲţڵĹʱҲ˽⵽ˣ򲢷ǡ̭ơą̇̄ơǳɣ˭ʹ˭˭˭˭ĵĻȥԼӦϡ
ڰ񵥣ʮλɷʮλҲܹһ˸ΣҪΪһ˸κܶ࣬޾򣬸ɣϷһʤҪȻÿε棬ܽ
ܹŽεģǷ֮ҲҪʮλʮΣԺ״ȥĳǼͽܣҲ˵ԼδζܴҪ֪ÿˣɶƣƱĪ⣬ܹϰģȼ˶ѡ
Ϊһ˸ΣȴмϰأΪԵˣҲ˫ˣˣ಻ˣͬʱһñһϣҲ˵ԴôԷ˵һԷ˵ȻΣҪһģʤһЩ
ҪȻֱȥѵһ˰ɡ
ͥԺ棬ǧ˰죬ͻȻðһ仰ζţûһˮǺţһۣΪִأôô򣿽춼˵ˣǰʮλѾռһǧ꣬׶򲻶˵ǰˡ
Сô
ǧƲƲ죬ԾԾԣȻҲûǰʮʵΡһֵˣգȥĳǼͽȫ


1989 
ǧѣζȫȻƴ˴ţʱɽ棬˵ɽʮ壬ǹô죬ȴһ嶼δȫò
һˣұذ֣ҲûҵĳǼͽ֣ܵѲɲŶ̶̼գ˾Ѿȥˣ
ôܣˣ
ذǰΧˣʯϵ֣ÿ춼ڲͣ仯ǧ˫ǰһԳ˴ǲм
֪ˡ
ʱζʯϵʮ˵ȴذȻٺݺݽ߳ȥ
Ĺʵܼ򵥣޷Ǳǡ߰롰ذ񡱣У߰ʧܣ߰ĻᣬֻܱذͬذʧܣҲ޷ֻܱ߰ذ
߰ذ˫βλԶ׼ҪϰȻٵˣݺݵزȥһβһΣֱβ꣬α
ǡ˼ǧЦһȻˣˣ
ζƾʵҲ˵ȫУֻǻߣ΢϶ѣҲҪʱ̷ŶԷ߰ʱҪ־棬պƣʱ߰Ǿû취ˡ
ȻҲһƳķǾǡһ·ȥóֻǵĽźţ˵ˣһ˺Ȼ󣬵ȴߡ
ǽաȴһ
ǧѿ˿ζ˵ζ°ͣ˵ǵиȫļƻ
ƻʲôΣʲôüƻģֱӴ򡣡
ʱǵذ棬Σ·˴׵ĸһʮʮһʮʮţʮˡ˵Ŀⶼʮ棬ȻԶĴˣѲɻһһȥ

ȻʮġڡкüСʦ԰æŰذΣΣյģÿ춼ڱȥ
ֻǰʮ֣ʼ̩ɽǰϣǰʮõģ˭Ҳ˭ȻҲû˭˸ȥǰʮİ˵ɽ˽˭鷳ǵ󣬳ɽأպ
˿̣˾ͷˣڡļʦܣʱվ˳ݺݵصˣ˵棬ǧѺζȳӣʹǾҲټɱϾ֮ǼˣҲ˲ǰˣΰˡ

ֱȥһ֣ӲǽǼ˺ðĺݻȫ˻ȥ
Ǻǡ˲
ۼʦмܲסˣǱߵʦڳˣʦǳˣǼʦ˿ֶݺݵһۣ˵ȻἸλʦʰ㡣
Ǿʹʮˣ
ûȥЩˣתͷǧѺζһΧĶ룬˺š
ζǧû˵ֻ˵ͷתͷȥǲڵļ˵ûУѡһԼȥȥ
մԣһÿ߰ĵǲ٣ôŰģδģ
Ǻǡ˼ĵģ
Ǽ߽ˣһɰԵϢֱӳѹ˹ʹԱߵˣҲѸȥǵذĩβܹģǹ֮
Ȼ˲֪ĸģ˴˴θŮǵȻԵˣˣŮǰõĹϵȻЩͲΪ˵ˡ
ȥ¼˫ȥ潣̨ν̨˫򣬷Χܴ󣬲ֻһ̨ѡ
ܹˣչأֻϳˣȥһ˺˶ԿΪ򲹣ͬʱ˹ƽ񣬵汾ͲʲôԹƽıԣ档
ʦãζսپ
̨ϣԷԣָһѼĹأǲֻķɽȻķܶãĻһ·ɱȥذ˭̫ܵͬŷЩҲķܶá
ζ޹̨ͳĽͨɽǧѣķɽˮˡ

ʱ⣬ݷ˵ֱӳɱȥǧѵˮζĳĽ⣬ƲɵǿĽʱƲ㣬Ҳӿ
ǿ
Զս˾һϣԭΪֻǱŶѣûʵҲǿ
˿⣬ҲҴ⣬æطųзɽֻһž˵ķɽ⣬ʱжһѤĿ
ʱͻȻ𣬲ȶ淴Ӧֱӱһǡʮơ˹ȥھûκνƣɪһȻ֮⣬ʱʡ
̺
ǧָһˮȻɽ⣬͵һնȥһͬƾˣζָһֱһǡơ˳ȥ˵Ŀ͹ƣֱĿɿڴ䡱һزˣֱӱ˳ȥĻᶼûС
Ҷ˵ˣֱȥÿ㣬Ҫȥҿԡ
ָһʱɻУǱ߻򲹣ʱҵ̨
˺һΧ˲Żع˺ηʥǰôûмʵԴذǰʮɣ
֪ղʩչʵֻôһء
ԶǿߣղʵҲ֪˾ʵΣղǲڣʵȷʵͨҪҲס
Σ
ʱλʦֿȥڶԷѾϰҪȥ֮ý˶࡭
ء
Ԫɫƽƽ޷ʲôֻЪȥɡ
á
գȥ˺ݺȥ

һΪΣô򵥡
ذǰǧҡҡͷƻò񫣬Ա˿ȥҪô
ʱһߣмѾɪɪǼǡذʮģȻԶĴ򣬽ǵùˡ
ˣհɡ
ԶǱ߿˿ˣûԪȷʵЩ£һ˻׶Ըζǧڣ˸Ƶġ
磬ԪȥˣϽʱǰˣڶѾ򵽵ذʮȥˣһ·ɱ񣬷ɱ𣬼ֱĿࡣ
һΣɽһЩϣҲʼע⵽ˣ󣬵֪Ů۵ˣҲͲˡ
˼죬˿νֱһ·ӵذȥ˵˵ذǰʮ󣬶Ҫ˼ɶԷ˭Ҫȥ߶ԷȵԼŵʵҪȻߵˣǿûùӳԡ
棬ˣ˵˽Կɲ룬ʵˮǳ󣬺ñǰʮģһֱûбЩˣԾǱЩʵǿڶˣ˸ȥ
Щ˶Ծûˣֲˣδش񣬻ȥ˽£Щж˭Ȼ´һ鷳
ɲôֻ࣬ܿ˭ǣ˭ӵĶӣǰQҲһţ۹½ûóأ
Ѿڶʮһ棬سˣ˵ǣ׷׷ˣһûд
գҲˣ±ߵҲû˭ǣ뿪ʱǡǼˣǧȻⲻҪԷһǲҪôڵذȰ
ָɽĹأǲ˽¶ҪĻֻ̨ϴ򣬿ڣ˸򲻽ԷĽźţͷȥȡѡ
ббƳһˣ䲻⼸ֻ۶ѣʦãߡ
ţ̫ˣ
ĪˣҲȷʵŵʸܹһ·ӵذģмҲҲˣǽһ·¾ûô˳ˣǰʮȫǲĵС
ʱԶһСϣŮϴЦһСϵĳȥĳΣյӣɻ˵ùȥ
ĳɫѿŭȻҲû뵽˾˵ʮǰһ֪ʱԷǾ壬Ȼ⣬βó
û뵽ǣԷʹǾ߲Ҳʮ꣬ȷʵֶΣΪͻͽʤǧꡣ
ǡ̶ߡŮ۷Ȼ˵ձСͽ˷ȥˡ
һ壬ͥԺ¹ˮ仨ͥԺճóξ
𣿡
ζˣֻó׷ϱˣĿѳɣں׷ϣֻܸɵֱۣȽȥ񫣬Ҫأ
򰡣ô򣬶ˣȻҪһǰʮˡ
棬ǧִ˲ƣƺ޲ȥǰʮİһ飬˭кκ̨ü΢ȴҡҡͷʱЪɡ
ôˣͲˣ
ǧü첻µز£ѵЩˣš
ʱܸоɽЩԾҲ˵ﲻԡ֮һʱ䣬뵽ȥҲЪЪЩ㻹û𣿡
ǧüֵһô죿
ǡһЦЦصƾǶˣδػԸЩˣ
룡Ҿ֪
ǧһվָԼȥȻذɣʱֱӵ콱ôõ£ôûϣ
˫ַھһɫɵص㿴ز𡣡
㣡
ǧҧ촽һʱҲʦ磬ʲôʱ˺޳ˣ

ɫŨʱɽλִϣҲˣڶδ¶汾£Ҳ֪Ů۵Ǵôˡ
ʵ֣ζǧˣģǶʶľ֮ˣ⣬츳ŴΨһȱݣ˻ΪϾֻ˼˼ʮ꣬ɾЩˣǧ֮꣬භ
һ㣬Ů۱ʮʱˣʮʱ䣬С
ʱɽλִϣЩˣҲڰۣϾһ̫ߵˣ벻עⶼѡ
գҲȥˣɽתתȻͨЩȥطסÿ󷨴δվɱǣҲ·
ļ죬ذ飬ǧѺζ򵽴תƣ֮ǰϣһ˿쳣ָоǵɽ´쳣ǵȥ̽ʱȴֲˡ
գ˳һ˿Ӧ֪˺δۼĺɫĺϣȴ֪ôȥˣ󷨱ȥԽԽԶȫ֪Լˡ
ɽҪô𣿡
ĹˣΨĺɫãµһɽȫ֪ĸˣô죿ɽȫ󷨽ƣҲˣ֮ǰС̶˵߶ˣŪü¶زȥˡ
ʱȻǰһŮһ䣬䣬䡭ţ߶䣬һΣɫ꼻úܺá
ѭȥһɽȣƽŨһԴɽһˣδĵطȻ·˼䣬Ҳˡ
һΣǧҪٵлˡ
ŮԽԽ˳˽ȥڿ컨ӰŮŮһİٻȹͷһǳɫķ裬һഺϢòȥʮӣɶ࣬Ҳ㽿С硣
߽ˣŮƺδע⵽ֻǰЩɫĻһ֦ϣ߶仨ÿһ仨ɫһ
ǸСãһڴ𣿡
ͻȻŵ⣬Ằһ϶ԷȴȫȻδһ㣬ȻרĿǰЩһɫĻٿһЩͺˣǷΪǰɫĻӰš
ԼΪû߽һЩҲһЩǸСã֪幬ô𣿡
šһɫĻһáŮȻһ˵ţһȥ֦ϵĻ
Сã
ѾߵԲԼ֦ϵ߶仨˿˵⻨˺ãɫ죬ժһ䣬˳ֻҪſήл
ʲôˣ
ʱŮڻعͷһֵۣǸˣֻ¸ղ·ʶô£幬ı߷ߡ
Խ˵ԽŮһ㺮˪δԼ˵æСãĪǡҲ߶𣿡
㡭ʲô
Сã
ʲô
ã
һ˵ţһˣ֪ΪΣһ̣ȻֲõԤУǰŮȷʵȥɶడϢ󡭡


1990 Ļ
˵һ顣
Ůϣһ㺮˪ͻȻо²ʱ֪ô֪²ɡá֣Ȼʹģж
ݣ
ŮһһնҿѲ̧Ƶ˲䣬չɲ㿪ʱ̧ƣæСãҽͣ
ݣݣݣ
Ůɷ˵Ϻ˪Ǽնû뵽һɶŮϣ˿µΪȽҲⲻסزǵһǵˡ
ҽ͡ҽͣ
ǱҴܣŮǵĴĻûȫ֣ͣӵù
ߣ
Ů˪ԣһ콣ȥ⽣ʮ˵ãûܴɢȥ⻨ľֺƿЩʲôǿߣҲδܹ˳뻯
ͣ
ҪӲˣæ˸ͣƣּ߶꼻ɫǶήˣ㿴
ŴһʮͣΧҲҶһ£˲亹ĵգʮܹоǿĽֻнܷóǰŮı£
ԡ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôǰʱ򣬽ô˵ģɽλ𣬳£̫ӣһʲôţ硭
ǰŮôɰɣ
ŮǱ˪ֵӣʱ׹̶߷·С̶Ļ˭ܵﻨ硭꣬ǧ˵˵ġ
ǰʲô硭뵽˴ǲˣԼղҽʲôСãûùӳˣٴҲͰˣɸղһһҪնԼ
Ůתȥ֦ϵ߶仨ΨɫĻòǺܺãղΪ˶̾ǡˡ
˿̣һ߶ɫ꼻ģǰЩˣ䣬˴ı죬ҲԤã⻨Ѱ֮
кȻһǰЩ˵⻨ǿüãϧ֦ͬͬһή䣬Ҳ֮ή֮ġ
㶮ʲô
˵桰֮ġ˸ʱŮһ뿪ҵû
뿪ĺɫãģȥ֪ߵȥˣһȥ˲ȥĵطʲôֵֹĸˣǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
µа취ܹ⻨
ŮΪ⣬бһۣ֪ʲô𣿾ƾ㣿
ʲô˵ܣǾܣŲţг˵ʱǰ߽Щ
Ů˼⣬֪ߵغСӣٻҴղƴ˵ͦ죬ܶԼġ˵˵˵仨һ
򵥡
˵ţ֣Ƕ컨ȥŮ״һ׽ס󣺡ʲô
Ϊǣģ½⻨Ūˣµ֡
һ˵ŮŽŽɵɿ֣ʲôĻʱɫ꼹Ȼüãɹ£мɫ䣬ֽή仨Ҳ㡭֮޷ġ
ˡվ޷ô
ġ
˵ָ֣΢΢һţмһɫ꼻һ˲ʩչ˳
һɲǣһϢ֮ưٻţԴԴ컨ԭЩ˵Ļ꣬ȻһƬһƬ»ָ컨ŵĻ٣ʱҲ֦ˣʱһ㣬Ǻÿ
⡭
ŮЩţ⡰ɫ꼡ͬѰ֮ѸԤ취ҲãСõʲô
㿴ⲻ𣿡
Ŵʱʢĺ컨飬Ҳһ࣬ղãֻǲǽ⸽Ĳľͨתע컨֮ϣһ컨ܿúˡ
ղõʲô
ŮʱѾЩɣ˵ʲôˣղʹʲôȷܣǰǳˣ˭ܹٻգ
ѾʼԼҲ˿ذһæֵܵùղŵ˰ɣҪԼǾͲˣ˵á
ŮĿϣʱɫĺȽȽѾֵܹ£ԼҪȥֵ֪幬ô𣿡
Ůһŵطͷȥ
ôðɡ
£ҲѡԼȥ˸Ҳ·ֻǲ֪ҪԼȥ

Ůһ±һŰƣ˵ɽܷ𣿲Ӧ˲Ϣ䣬µİƱ㽫һȡ
û
ӳϼͬǻƽϸһǰٻȴЩ𽥿ή㣬Ȼ꣬һֿήˡ
ǰһĻ֪ΪΣͻȻЩ˻ǰȥָЩѾήĻ䣺һľһ˻
Ȼָָʱ̰ʹһѪ˳ԭǶήĻϾдָ̣һ£ֻѲʲô已̥Ϊξᱻһ仨Ĵ̸ˣһôʹ
ģĻ
ŮĻĴУʹָֻʹԽ£Խʹ裬˿ʹ亹ʹΪͻȻ˾ңδ롭ѵ˼䣬δѾô


ȻҪźҪ˻źһŬѵ׷һУ⣬ۼ֮һУ
ΪΣΪΣ

ʹ裬̧࣬ͷϣᣬ׵ػһУһжաˡ
ûܹȵԼȥ
ʮˡ
Լʮûлȥһۣûܿ
ʮãã˼
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ԣΩǧС
ϵǣ޷ƣʹʣ۽Ǿ
Ůģаãƣһ˲ǰһһɻǣŶʱѣôˣղôˣΪξһľ
ĻĶ
ĻĶ
ָ̧һѪԭղŵһУǻþδһû£ֻԼĻþˡ
ŮԿֻˣŻĻĶղ棬ΪǸСͷԭˡ
ֻģδص̫ˣصҲزסĻĶ
˵⻨Ļ𣿡
šȵȣ
ŮȻһĻѿή꣬ΪΡΪδʱȻ
ֻ¹£һѾήڵĻ꾹ýףȻ»ָôܣѾȫήĻܸһôᡭ
һɲǣȻ뵽ʲôٴοĿԴһ㾪ɫѪѪĻ»˹
ҵѪ
ҲЩָ̧֣һѪѪȻܹΪδ֪
ǰȥ뽫ָѪЩѾήĻϣŮһ׽ס󣺡С˶٣ŵֱѪֻԪ
ô
ջأ㻹øղķԲľľתΪһϢϢעήĻϣһЩܸˡ
֮ҲȫǲھʲôΪٻգҲ֪
¹£ֻɽ棬һƬһƬЩѿήĻָֻȣǺÿ
Ůվһԣ¹µıӰʲôˣ

죬ڸŮЩήĻգʼղ֪ŮʲôˣҲҶ϶Էɽλ֮һĻ磬һ룬ˡ
տɿǧѺζڣ˱߰ûסѾӶʮһʮˣһ䣬ٵͬʱʧȥĻᣬֻһ·ذ޷ȥ߰ˡ
ǧѺζı£ǶԶƽԣһ۶һ̫ѪκӮǣƫƫǱˣսըûֱߣһһҲסǱˡ
Ҳַʽĺը˻Զս٣ȻڣҲˣԷԳˣͬʱ򲹣൱Զը˭ܿס
Ҫ֣͹֮ǰ̫ţȵòȵˡ
Թ۵ˣﶼô£ǡʮһλãԤõģǸˣԱԣŵװףһһȥߣֱλ꣬߳񻹲꣬ȥذ񶼱
˭˴ıͣǻ룬Ȼһİˣ񳽵ʦǰһִ鹬ӡ̤ɽ֮һĳǺѣҪȻ˴֮ͣϣҪ˭Ҫ˭ڣԣҪ
ҪȻզ˵ˮأ
Сôȥذɡ
ǧѺζЩסˣȻǶûжóɱﵣǧѵ۶ζġ̫ԶûжáҲ׶òãһãӮˣҲضҪһʱָǰûô죿ֱȥ񶼴ˡ
ȥˣ
ζЩˣֻ򣬵ˣڶѵǿȥ˵ʲȥǧѸʲȥ֪ɽˮû뵽Ҳ̫ˣ飬Ͼ˵Υ档
Ǻǣλˣ׼𣿡
ʱһӳ˲Զǧѵʱ˪ȥЩ˵е죬պԣЩֹȥȻȥֻҪ˲Σͳ׷ǣҲ˰ˡ
ǻٱ޳һ𣿡
ǧѾ̲סˣҪɽҪǻɵħ棬ͰЩ˿߰˶ˣΪ۸ǲ
Ǻǡֻ֪ԹʤΪΪܣˣĻ̨˵ɣλˣ롣
һЦò˸ƣȻһǳǧѺζ۵ýƣ
˵ˣӦսɡ
ζסǧѵ֣ڣֻп״̬Ŵ죬ֻ½׶༪١
ȳɽñҵ
ǧѺݺָһ̣ɱڣȳɽһ±ɱ˴ˣ˭סմˣ֮ʱסĺһŽ˳ȥ
Ǻǡ
һЦգǴֱһЩ˽ջǺţʵڲãá
ƨǲǣ
һΣζɱҲ¶ˣΪɱôȳɽһ±ɱ
ԣﶼ֪񳽵Ļѣоʵɺޣɺ޵ǣ棬ҪɱˣѴ֮ƫƫɽơ
ˡ¾Ͳ˵ˣʼɡ
ŴʱζǧѶûһ˲乥ԵˣҲͬʱҷ˹˵ΪʵǰʮģǧѺζֻˣѾļ۶̫ʤ㣬οȥԷ油ʱǼľʤ㣬ձôȥġ

̨棬ʱҴܣǧѵˮȷʵʹƣҲȻֵܵסֻôǿȥһľȫסһŸȥ
Ƿˮ顱ܷϵһˣɷϵһʲôãԷ油Ͼʱȴûͬʩչˮ飬ķϵˡ
˫Ƭ̣ǧѺζƾʣٴȥֻⲻΡ

һ죬ζĽ˳ȥǧ΢΢һֻôһɲǵʧһ´Ӳ泯͵ϮʱǰһˣͻȻֻڳһֻһӡ˹ȥ
ϧԪ𣬵ӡҲֱˣһ˲䣬ѷǰһɾѲá
ˣ
ǧѰһ˲䣬ԷؾסƣɵﴦȴȻһʹȻԪѾ÷ˡ
ǣˣղţҪɱ𣿡
һ죬һ¾ֶסĺһߣζ˺ɱʱɫһ䣺ѣ
ϧûлˡ
ݺһЦȻһƳǧؿڴһ֮ͣѵҪȡ˶̲ס˳С̶ŵûʧɫŮ۲ڣܹ˲־Ԯ
⡭
ǧɫһ䣬һɲǣҲ˲ô࣬ǿһǰ˸ӡֻһһɫġdӡؿڣ䡱һסɱһƣҲһ֮˳ȥӦǲء
ղѵǡؾ
ǽհ
ޱɲķ𷨣
ղżȫɫ֣˶ˣһ޵֮ˣΪϾֲ˸𷨣
˾֮ʣһӰȻ԰нǧѽסˣ˰׷ѩ
ؿڼѨʱģֻʣΣ


1991 ·
㡭㻹֪
ǧԹؿһۣίһ۶ȴҶãİ˸ȥˡ
飡
һ죬ζҲǽ̨ʵԸսǧѾһ˶֧ҲûãհܾͰˣǰֻΣһǲŻ֣ˣþٴȥǡ
Ҳ𣿡
ζȥ벻뿪죬Ȼô£Ϊ飬ƫƫҪȥ
û£ȿΡζûʲôˣֻԪأ뾡ָ
Ҳû¡
ǧȻҲʱʾݺݵǰҫˡ
Ŷ
ǲΪ⣬һЦĿϣһۣЦô˸ô
תͷȥʲô֡
һɲǣձ˪˾ϸܵһɺϢݣȴͬСɣ̫ţ̫Сͽܣʲô
ǡ
һЦôҰˣҵ֣
ãذ񣬶֣ҲСʦãߣȥˡ
ǧѣȺȥЩ˵ۣģ̌ͷ˿ЩԹ֣һ̶ɢˣղһ̣Ϊֻһˡ
ǣû°ɣ
棬̶ææղ濴ţҲųһ亹Լʦǿ֮أﻹʲôԣҪɱˡ
˿ǰˣʵŮأôڣ
ڣôҲˣѵû˳ܹ𣿾ͿЩ۸ǧѺζһһַЩ˻Ҫ
üǰͷ첻֪ʲô£ʦĹ𰡣Ǻȥ˸ؾʲô£Ҳ֪ʲô飬ڶûֹʦ˵ʦҲڡ
š֪ˡ
ͷɽƽ˾֮£ȻЩʲô飬Щ޹أҪֻһ£Щ˼ȻҪ£Ǿͷ㵽ס
ʱں棬˻ۣղǾ仰ʲô˼ҪǻͷȳɽֻҪ̫׷ɱס
ǡݻ˭˵
УԶȥıӰһЦԱһ˵ʦ֣죬ô죿ǵȥǣǵǡ
Ȼ˵꣬һۣ͵Ȼ󣬺ݺݲǣסһҪݣղˣҪһ˫֡סû

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ǧѻعͷĿһۣ㵱ţ̨϶챻˴ˣôϸˣ
Ȼ£˻䣬꣬Ǹǿꡣ
ߣ
ǧһߣίҪˣͷ˭˭˭˻˵ףҵİأҵİôˣʱ˭˭˭ң˵ûѰסˣͷҪǻָˣҷǵá
ίˣӵӣЦãֻʵ𣿡
ǧͣ¹˪İ׷˾ϣΪαˣˣǰôԼģֻԺ󡭡
ţøίˣһϣ죬òίӣۣȻˣڻأôһ˵þͺ𣿡
ޡѡ
һ㶣֪ʱǧ˵ģǰϵˣǵ꣬Լһˡ
Բ𡭡꣬ҡΪ
ΪʲôΪЩɱĶΪҾʦģ𣿡
ǧԽ˵Խί뵽ڣζ˴ôңиίֻ۾һ±ˮһҧȥ
˻
۵á˻һûŲ֣ᱧסˣǧҧҧţҲɿˣűȥ㣬˼ҿˣᡭ
һ̾ʵǲ֪ȥԣδ롣
ˣ죬ȥˣǧѺȻʵ

ʼ£ڰ־˵˳
磿
ǧһɿɴ۾ҡҡͷִ˸ƣС㣬Ҳȷ˵ǲǻ磬죬ҾڻЩήĻָ
㻹ֱ죿
ǧѿղŻڿޣЦˣ¹£۾ˮģһһ˿ܲ
ЦȻˣҿǰٻ񡣡
ޣﲻҪˣǰٻ˭
ǧѰһۣߵǣֶһɽˣɽ֮һأң˾죬޿ģÿء
ЦãʵЩ龫ֵӣ˾ϣЩδˡ
ΪΣڿ˭δأʦʦãδδ룬ˡתˣ˵˵쵽ô£ʲôˣ
˵Ҿ
ǧѹӣཱུǲǴʮһ𣿹ʮһðһ˵ģǶʮһǰһʦܣרһ·ģֲôںˣһ·ôˣðһȫˣһųݻҪԶϲ˰ϰһΣͽ˴һΡ
ɧüͷһ壺ⲻǸƾʵ𣿻棿ͣС˻Ҫ⵽
ǧѿһۣΪأ֪ͷˮôҾͲˣˣҪȥˣǸӣҪҪˣ
֪ﻢ£ǼȻˣҲĺˣǸ߰ν˲ã˴ʦãοһɲǣϾɱ˻ǧ
Ǹ˵ҿԽ𣿡
ʱԺζǧͷأԺüζ㷳ÿζһվΣ͵Һʦ˵
ôСҲǵˣ˭͵ˣ˭͵ˣ
ζ˽ϵûʲôˣǧƲƲ죬б۵ҹʲô
ݡ
ζһֻƿŵ˭˵첲ȶۣ͵ҩ󡣡
Уǧѣ۶һ˱ȫˣҪҩһ٣ûȥգ
ǧһӣؽƿ˻ȥζЦҪղ˭޿š
㣡ζ㷳´·вУ
ˣǱˡ
ôȥˣ˵죬ζԸЩˣǸСʲôһ
ζˮ²֪Щ˶ﶼǵˣǴһźܿһȺ˶Χǣ֪Ϊΰǰ˰ɣȫԤ˵ģ񣬵·ӣҪĪȥ
ȥֱӸвУ
ǧѿˣˣ˶ȵˣҪͿȥ·
ζ侲вУСģĳôɣɵ𣿡
ôɣ
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ȿȣʦã侲
δʱʦã˵ɰɣһӣǽϴϾҪһȺӳȥˣ˿ЦãʱҪˮˣǲĿ࣬ҹ
ζʱܻӣҲοˣСŮСŮ˵ģԣѽŷȥ
ǧüһ⻰ôôأ

գΧһˣпֵģҲаһųӡģڻûпһֻվڸߴ˵˵ЦЦ֪˵ʲôڵ߰˭˭ǹ̬ȡ
ˣˣ
ˣȺʱÿһ˼¼㲻˵ϻֱӷ̨
Ⱥ涼۷׷ף֮ǰǿɻǵãһ·ŵشˣ˭˭ŵˣĿʲô
Զ̶ĽţС֣֪ＸЩ˵ˣѣζһ̫ΣˣʦֲڣȻ˭ǣ
ߴ纮Ц׼ôô
䵭˵򹷻ҪˣɽҾ͵˴򹷣깷ٴˡ
˵ʲô
ʱɱ˭Ļǰ񳽰ŵģ⵹ãҪȥ񳽣͡
ǧѵ۵𣿡
á
һ䣬ȻɱһնһȷʵǿٶҲ죬ϧǣĶһУʶ֪£̫ˣһ
һնȴվԭأҪһնУҲҪشǿģֻӰѣı˲ϢϷ˵ֱӱһǡơȥ
ʲô
ȫȻδϵȷӦ֮ʱʱȫһʹȫ·һ˲ˣһѪֱӱȥˤ̨ϣصĻҳ
ô£
˶˳ٶδ̫ˣǸûп壬ѵ֮ǰһֱʵ
̨˼һܣҲһסˣ̨򲹣סûܷӦ
ˮ顪
һɲǣǧҲˣ۶ʱȫʹˣŮһ㣬˶˳۶۶
˼ֱҪˣһ𷨣վȻ۶ôܣôܳͬһϣ

ǧˣûзӦѪģ˳ȥͷˣ¶棬ĿģҪǻһΪֻһ֮£Ѿˡ
һζˣãζûôصɱ޹̨ɳȥҲˡ
滹򲹣ʱѾȫסˣȼƣ˵򲹣ʮҲδظҵ̨ˡ
գϵĹأøĸˡ
ڽ̨ϣһŲϣۣԷһѪ˫۲Ѫ˿ҡ
㣿㻹ǵã˵ʲô𡭡
ϵɱԽԽأ̨µˣҲλվӣλСѣֹͣĹ
ûȥϲҪɱʦã϶һȺѡˡɽ֣ơϡ֡
ȻֻֽǸĳϣҲֻϵĳ϶ѣһòƺˣɽϵĳϣϸ˵ֻλŮ˵λִϣǶǱ˽ģϧλִҲڡ
Ҷô
ƺڣ֪ǰ˭ΪЩڻܹŶԷܹöԷɵˣȷʵɵ̫ţɵʦ̫𣬿ϧ˿ǰˣǵˡ
˵˵ΪβҶ㡭
ô˵һЦȻµˣһ̫ŵģû˸ҶΪ̫ӵͽܡ
֪ʦ˭𣿡
Ŷʦ˭
Ȼϣݺݵʦ̫ٲѽ̧˫ȣͱҪˡ
̫𡭡ðɣûǸ
һ̧ЦɻûüЦһ˲䣬ȫֻһ̤顱һֱӽԴȱˣѪԽһء
ɱɱˣ
̨Χʱ״Ƕλϣŵĵѣ˵棬ۣ⣬ɸղ˿ɱģһȥԪûˣ̫ĵӰ


1992 ɱ
̫𡭡̫Σ
̧𣬿ŵǶѪ⣬Դ˾ϣѾܾãûصɱˣƫƫ˲аҪɱӷӡĺͷų
񽫵۹½Ԩ֮£һ
ԶδعζǧѶסˣղǹɱѵǰѽ
̶ˣŵɫɷף⼸ٹδһصɱ

ʱԶһɫӰڽ̨ϣһü𩷢µˣΪϢǿʱѪʬԪ񶼱ȥˣʱĿѣָȥɱʦ̫𽻴
ԭµˣȴ̫ӵʦܣɽˡȻ̫ʦͬţʦֵܶ˵츳컯ȴ̫̤뷽֮λ𣬿ɽˣٳͻһϰʼͣڰ벽޷ͻһ
ȻһΣ̫Ӳûǰɽֻλʦˣɽû뵽һɽڷһΣҪɱ˴̫ţƾʦִá
ǺǺǺǡ
ȻЦתɱ˱ɱˣҪ˽ôҪ£Ҳ⣬ɱһ
һɲǣ죬˽һö˶˵ģͻȻֹ
Զ˶ŵòǧҲãǰѽʦʱɱǱǰѽǰѽ̫ˡ
滹ˣĳͽܣԪ̫ˣֱţղŴˣɱ˱Ѿһ亹Щ£֮ǰڵذûжϴˣʦܵĳǱ뱨ˡ
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ǼĳϣҲҶˣۼ̬Ҫʧȥƣô죿λڣλִҲڣ˭Ƶסɽˣ
λл˵
ǰĳڿˣȴֻϣһˣڸϽ뿪ɽ˶֣ǿסƫƫʱҲĿ¶׹⣬ɽ˶š
ɽˣڷ·˵˿ƵסɽϾŹأأԺԶɽˣСԺҲɽˣҲҪܻ̫š
ԽԽձøӽˣۺ⣬һһ䣬϶
ΧԣȻʧɫȥŭɽˣٸߣҲɽ˵Ķ֣ⲻѰ·
á
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ѵ̫ŵһ׽
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˶˳͸Ŀ½ɷ֮򽣲ǵ괫˵еĵ۹½ֻǵ۹´˵ǰˣΪνգ˽Ȼڴ
дԣ۹Դ˽أ⽣ɷаţѰ֮ˣһ£һɷɣǧеУ񲻸֮
ˡ˿ȥѾ뽣Ԫͨ
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ʱ˫ԽԽѪǧҲסˣȻ׽⽣̫аˣʦѾӰ죬ѽϡ
ڡҪҽ𣿡
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ǧѴ˳Ů۸¥ĵƻһۣŻعͷСŮ˵ʲôѽ
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ңôˣ㻹һ˵ҡǧһ£ߣ

Щ˶飬˵ڰϣҲû˸ȥˣƵ³ΣõӣԪ񶼸ˡ
ǰǼλȻѾЩסˣǰһİ񳽣ֱ޲ýɻң˲ĸ󻼡
ԶҲĿ̣ɱϣɱȻ֪ڱٿأֻձضҪѰ鷳
ãСΪǿգѾʦʥ𴫻Ϣ˵ʦѾǰɽˣʦڱչأɽģβ֪ʲô£˼ҲɽˣŻмձ㵽ˣʦˣŮۣܸ˼˰ɣ

˼죬յ飬ƽϢˣˣֿʼ񣬶˼գȻҲҪˣɰ񳽲Ǳʹ˺ǰλЩˣвٿ˭˭ǵģԣ»꣬˵ˣ깷ҪŴˡ


1993 ѹ
һգΧ˲ˣȻֳˣ̶Щʱ˾һ·˵棬Щ˶ýˣ˿ͷذˣҲܰЩ˶µĹˣ׷״ʵƾʵʵģȥһʱ䣬Ҳʱ˽
治ĵĹأ²ˮ̣һ¸ŪˣԭЩ˴ǰ棬ǣƺûôˣһжҪɱʼ
ôȥ̬϶ҪʧأǵеӣҪϰƾʵôأȼˣѲɻҪЩνĹأ
˿ǧѣζ˱ڶΧţղ˳ͻЩµģ˵뿪̨˽¶Щ˲ֻ֣˲ߣͱ˶ˣȶֵĻЩ˵ֶΣɶء

Լжʮˣ˵ǰ棬滹һЩӦöǰ񳽰ŵˣ߰ͰҲһ֣֮ȥˡ
ߣ㻵˹֪֪
Щ˶ݺݵӣƺûãǾѾˣ֮ǰβġ
أʲôأ˵
ǧѿǰЩˣҪǲ˽¶֣ǰЩˣҲ͵ħЩΧͬ³ȫʬ
˵ؾǣҪһΣ˵ǲܸ㣬Ӱ˱֪𣿡
˵ɷнµӣЩúЦ棬ǼҵһҪϰ񣬻ǴкǸΣʵʵ±ߡ˼
˵һ飬Ҫôðһ˵
ὫǰЩ˷ɱɽҴЩƽˣѵ£֮£Щ˻±ߵħء
£
ʱȺ󷽴һ䵭Χһ°ˣ˶ķȥֻһɫƲһ޵ɱ
ʦ֡
ǳռһİ񳽣ʦ鹬ʥʵɲܱȵģ̨ϣδӮˣȻ̨ǲܶõ۹µġ
Ŵʱ񳽵ĵһ¸ǽ˶׷ȥˣ˵ɽ˽¶أѱ˲ͻ
ڰ񳽵󣬻һЩ鹬ĵӣԼߣ߿ȥΪƺûа񳽸ߡ
һȵȡ
ζ̽סˣŮ˵ǲҪɽ£¾ƶǲﶼǶԷˣʱֿˣ˵塣
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ǰһЩ飬ġ
˵߲࣬Щ꣬رϵҲ׼֮ȥҪ¹ӽ˶һЩֱ۶һȦŸǼͦ࣬ȥ֮ˡ
ֻǸһССѡ
߽ˣѾúܽ۾㲻ΪŮۿԱһ˰ɣô˵ɣҪɽ˽¶ڣѾʮˡ
Ŵһոһ±˪ǧѴ˵˰ɣ
ûĿȻֱ˫ۣɽ㶼δػܻ뿪𣿡
вң
Ҿв㣬Ρ
񳽿ƣƺѾѹˣΧ˶ЦǰʦֵĻãСӸղôţ԰ʦ֣ƨҷˡ
Сӣղ˵Ǻܳ𣿡
ʱ˽ûᣬĿҲȻڰϣһ磬ҴˣвУҪȻ㿴Ǳߡ
濴һۣûȷӦžһһ£Χ˶һȻһƣݺݴϣ˼
һƴڰϣΧ˸ĿɿڴǧѺζû뵽
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æ鹬ĵӣҲĿ¶ɫֱţȻ˸ҵˣ˰һơ
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˵ţһϼѨȥʱסȻŰ񳽣˵ɣ򵥣ԭʼķʽҶ֮
Χһ㶣סȷʵͲ㶷ˣ򵥣ԭʼķѵǴ㡭
ǧҲһ£ƣҪ˴ˡζֵؿһۣΪʲô˵֡
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ð
񳽵ڱһƣϻʹŭڣԭʼķҲ̨ϸЧ
ʦ֡
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ʦܻһԣһƳȥˣֻҲϼѨѹʱסˡ
ȡ
΢ף˵꣬ʳֻʽδ̫ģˣȻƣһѾס˹ûκһƴΪ˺ÿ
΢΢һƫֽưסȭͷһȭԴȥһ°Ѱ˸ðǣǰˤȥ

̼ȣղ½嶼ûһ£񳽰һȭϸѿһֳ
һΣȻģ˫ֳƣס˫˳ƻ˹ȥȻɿһȭ°ϣȰվȣһϥǣײϣ⣬ͷϣűһȭð񳽻
ܿ죬ѾҲʣ籩ȭͷûκγֵĻᣬΧˣ鹬ЩӺҲˡ
ζҲһһ㶵ģǧѵڣ֪˰ɣ
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ס֡ˣ
鹬ڳһһңӰ˶һۣղ㽫˫סˣܣ
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һ£񳽸ǱѪȥһˣӻ򲻹ƣһ˴Ӻ潫סһ˶ȥ˫Ÿסˡ
ȥ㣡
ˣ񳽱һؿڣ߻װģغǿѹסȴûȥ񳽣һţϺݺȥҲֻܰװţ߱ţѲ
С˴ܴ򵽴ʲôʱһҪȴܡģװģܣʵ㣬㱻ԷҪȻôȥס񳽣
϶޳ܣ
ǧͻȻ˹һʯש顱һ˫ֵͷȥʱѪֱ߲ҽһɿˡ
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ˣɵۣζǴסˣˡ治ʦãһʶʦöˡ
ѪͣҲһˮǧӣһ㶣ʦã˭ѧģ
ǧĳ̧Ӳ˲ϵĺˮѧģǵǴɽͷͷĸ˵˴ܣͷôģ˵ˤģôˤģ˵ȥ׷Ұȥ׷ʱˤģȥզ˵ȥ׷ϻˤģ
˵ԼСʱ£һסˡ
Ǳ߷£
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ס񳽣
صѪѪİ񳽣ɽĳϸ˹Ƶģ˺ðϳǰ񳽣һ¶סˡ
׽סˡɽ׳죬ҲҪڳȥ
Ѫ죬ܻվȻˣͷǶʬΣ㲻а񳽡
ȥ׽סˣ
һȣȻѾִˣ˵㶷ɱϾ񳽲һˣο죬ӾҪˡ
׹ӡ㣬㻹𣿡
ˣ׽סǣ

ʦ磬ȥģ
ꡭ
ǧѣ㵽棬ֻ죬Ҳвٵ⣬ɽġִӡѾ׽ˡ
׽סڲ֪ġ׽סⲻҪؽηߣ֪·
֮ǰȥĵطߣһһӰζ
ζ
ǧתֳô󶯾϶Ҫؽ棬ζãǰ󷨽ƣҷɲȥ̨ǳȥ
ζǰˣֱ֪˵ʲôãͲܽһЩ𣿡
ǧѿ˵㿴һשĵö׼⻹𣿻㣬𣿡
㡭ˡ
ζŶͷһʱֻͷʹѣȷϹϱҲضʦãһˣһš
̧ͷΧ˿ɽ׽ˣŮ۲ڣҪ׽סĻ϶ᱻؽηʵΣ
ǧʲôһģ
֮ȳȥܱܷͷӷˣٻ
ڸúڷһζҲֻεҡͷҲֻˣܿ˿˵ɣˣߡ
ں˱ζ̨뿪壬ɽܴɽϽҲ࣬󷨣Ϊ飬󷨶ˣĻԼɳȥζ
ǧϣȴʵÿοǰ󷨽ƣŵ㿪㣬ȫõȥ
ѻ죡
ζһۣ㲻ᣬרļԦ̨Ͼɽǵ֮ףɽ֮ԽأǷֹħǱʹ̨ҲҴ⡣
֮ڳˣǧվ̨ϣһ˸ɽֻ࣬˴˿ڣ֮ǰʱĵطǵɽıߡ
ⱱɭɭģͱڣַܸһĸоϾԱħڣȻ˴źԶһξ룬ζ̨Ҳ׵ˡ
ȵȣ
ڷˣ֮ǰӦһ˿쳣ʼҲԴȷˣǴⱱ洫ġ
ţ
ǧѺζҲѰ֮һ˲䣬ҲӦһ˿쳣ֻô̶ǻһ˲ɲǣʧˡ
ǸղŸӦ𣿾ǰ桭
ǰϿ߽ͱڣ̫ղ˵ɭ
ǰʲôط
ȻǧҲоóζü΢֮ǰ˵ɽ棬ѹȡԶ
ô˵ղһŵǴѹȴˣǧѿǰɽȣȻ£˵ȥΣ
У
ζأһ£Ͽ棺֮ǰǲҪܣⱱ棬ɽҲ֪ʲô£ֲõĸоǾɣҪȥˡ
ǧѵʲôɽôֱӻǣ̨ô죬˭׷ϰ߰߰ɣζ
ζǽüղһ˲ŵĸоô£Ϊѹ֡
һת˵û£ȥɣرǡһΣʲôʮĹʮĹӦñѹȸ°ɡ
ѽ߰߰ɣûµġ
ǧҲקζӣѹɽı棬ȴңԶûζ̨Ҫ߼¡
аɡ
ζãտǰˣһһ˵ȵ֮˵ҵģѹȿɲɽ˵Σգ˿Щ򡭡
˺ˣ֪ˣζ裬߰ɡ
ǧѱζ䣬ֻص̨ϣɽѹȥˡ


1994 ħ֮
ɽ⼸գѾָЩ򣬿в˽ۣڵǿûʲôˣλԼλ֮ֱǻ֮ƫƫڣҲˣҲãƽϢܺùһֱȥ
ʱһ¥񳽵ѾЩһһ飬Լˣס˹Щ˺⣬Ҫ£ȫԭ
ڴ̨ߣվһˣ˰ü𩷢˫ָɫǰ񳽵ʦӣһִ鹬Ϊ֮ɵҲһλ̤ǿߡ
Щû
΢΢תͷͽܿһۣʵɽ˻֮·ͽϡ
ӡް
񳽵ͷˣʵʦţڻռֱҪжƣʱֻ޲ý׽Ƭ
ߡ
һߣʮ񳽲ҶԣֻӶʦʧε棬˻ӱؽ̨ϡ
ˡ
Ӳ˵Щ֮ǰ飬ȷʵ֮ٻƣֻСӹҼңɱǣŮۡ
Ůۣ㵽Ҫʲô
Ŵ֮ɫԽӱ򣬹󣬵ԴȴޣǽЩԴԽԽ٣·й©һѸʧгͻ棬Ѳֻǵ֮ıԣǹغŸ˵棬غӵ棬һԴ֮
棬Ҳǵÿ򶼻μӣʵÿɽģɽԶһЩҲǲڵĸЩǼңÿÿɽμ档
Զһģ򣬻Ͻ޼ЩطǻɽҲɽ⸽ɽָʾ
Ů۵Դʮֳ㣬ᣬÿµǰɽҲֻǵԵӵѣһͬμӵֻӺ˿ȻҪԴˡ
ˣʦǰڱչΪδ˴ͻȻɽ񳽼ʦʱӣת
š
ȥеɱһͻȻɽȻˣ»˵һʱƬ̣Ҳ˵ĿǰֻԼһ²ѡ

˵ŮǱߣڴؾһǰЩյ飬΢΢һС̶˵˰Ѱ񳽴˸ϣѪ棬˻ʧˡ
ʦô죿
С̶ȥЩżǰɽЩȷʵڵ׽ˣƽϢҲûټץˣʦˣ˻ҲܵͷƫƫնûϢҲ֪ȥ
ʱŮҲüһѺҲͰˣζΪҲź֣ɽţʱĴܣ
ֻһҲͰˣ˿϶׳ȥζָ̨ѾȥˣϣҲ޷֪ںδ
Ůۡ
ʱ˽ɽλִ֮һ峤ϣ档
峤ϣʲô𣿡
ոŮ۲Ŵɽؾ첻Ĺ򣬶Էֹˣ϶Ϊһ˶£ͽʱ˱ܣͥԺ棬ֻ峤˵
峤˽ԺûӰЦŮۣˡ
Ůҡҡͷ뵽һڲ֪ȥģ֪ȥأ˵û£ǻһ˵˵ǣ峤ϣʲô𣿡
Ȼ峤ôרŹһΪˣֻЦȥɫضã̧ͷΪѹһ¡
ѹһ£峤ϻʲô𣿡
Ů۾Ͳµõ뻹Ϊ˴¶ղؾ棬º̫Ѿ˵ѹǱߵֻ̫ͳһڻ磬ɽ顣

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̫ŷӡۼ֮ѹǱʱӡκ˽룬ǲ֮һΡ
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Ůۿ峤ȥӰüĽڲΣҪһһڹϣôܣҲ֪ܵȥˡ

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ǰѹȻϾҲǰѹҲֻ֪֪ʱѹȣǰޱ޾ɽȣܲѰ˶ܹԼԼܵһ˿
ǧѺζ˲֪Դ˾ôãÿһطܵĶȻɽ֮أɽȣ
˵Ȼ򵥣ΪóȻΣգζ̨ȥͽУ˼֮ǰ澹ȻһһѺۡ
Сġ
ζסˣǰһѺۣԵʮֽټǰֻΣա
ǧѲΪ⣺ЩѺۣڷֲûûʲôµģΣգ̨Ǵˡ
ǧѺȥζɲȥ棬ǰЩѺۻΣգ뵱ȥɽЩ࣬Ϊǵɱȣ˵߰ɡ
˼ǰߣԽǰ֮϶Խ£Ҳã˶ѲѰܹ֮СıܿЩ֮϶
ǰߣƽѾһɽˣһȥ߶ͷҲ֪棬ǷѾϸһ룬ǿ϶ǵһ˵ġ
죬գȻܵһЩħϢżϤǵħڣħϢܵԱħڣħϢ£ʲôΪʲôΪ
ħ
ȻζҲܵõ棬ôħ֣
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СһЩ
ߣҲ֪ΪΣ֪ǰܻΣգҪǰȥʲôĶһ
˼ߣԽǰϢԽأʱѾ磬֪ǷɫԽԽԵʣһ֣ԽǰߣԽѹֵĸоħϢҲԽԽˡ
Ҫǰ𣿡
һϿǰζͣ˿ȥǧѵ쳣ɽӦ緢˲Ŷԣȴδһʱ乫֮ڣǲ𣿡
ζǧѼ˲˵ֽŵҾãҪˡ
ԣҪȥ𣿡ζ
ڣ
ǧҡͷǰ棬˵ȻǼǰ˵ܷʲô֮£ʱٰϢȥʱǶ˵顭
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ҲԥǰȴϿȣѾ֮ǰһЩˮ֮һЩѺۣѺȴͨѺһƬ澹Ȼĵطɽ壬е죬еĵطǵһЩ򣬶ЩطѪħħ
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Сġ
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˵ĸ֪Զܱȣ±Ƭˮ֮̽Ѱ֪ȥãһ޴ľˮǰ棬֮ǰǸܵħϢǴ洫ʵһطջ硣
Ҳ˵ĵطܾɽѹʮңԶƽʱҵõҲȥˣȴ֪ʲôԭģѹһѺֱۣӽ档
ֻһƬɳޱߵɳĮһѪһƬǹ̵ĳɳʹ˴ʱ棬ܹܵĳȡ
طƺЩѰҪȥ𣿡
ˣΪ࣬Ͼ˼䣬ҪСġ
ζü΢ޱ߳أ˵ҪȻȻȥ˰ɣʱһǰĵط֪ΣգǲҪΪá
ǧѵ۶޾ħϢ˵£ǽȥΣգԭ·رǣѺֲʧʱٴǣšԣҡ
ʦáСġ
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ǧѵǵӴ󣬱Ǿˮȥǰһ޴ľӣ棬һ硣
һߣˮһ˽ȥܸץһѵϿù̵ɳӡ
ȥɳյụ̀Ȱʦ磬ζ˵𣿡
ǧҲܹˣֻˣһƬãã޾ĳɳĮҲѪһƬʱʱһЩĵͳ𣬵Ǵӽ´Ǵϴ
ζȫ˵ʲôʶ޷ӦˣǧҲ˵ʲôִ˳ɣû£ɴ󡣡
ȷûΣպһΣһȥǰѪһƬ֪ʲôطԲǵ򣬵˿µĵط
һ̣֮ǰŮ˵ġ̫ʮ׵ءÿ׵ؽһ̫Ĺò֮һɣ
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أζҲˣ˱ȥһ·ʶӡǣããɳĮʱʧҲųȥ·ˡ
֪˶ãѾˣҲ֪ʲôطֻɳ֮£ʱо޴ĹǺ¶ǻþһʵĵطЩ޴ĹǺȥҲʲô޵ĹǺ˹ǣ˹Ļ˾޴
Щţɡ
ǰЩɳðľ޴׹ǣǧѸǾˣ૵ЩϸʱĴ˵Щ̫ǿߣħĹǺɣǰһߣͿĳλµĹǺ
˿ȥǧѴ˿˵ΪܹܵõѾȥ꣬ɲ𣬼ʹȥô꣬ЩǺ棬һɾ̫ǿߵϢ͸
һΣڸܵˣǿϢĳЩνġǿߡǰǰһƬʬǣһʱ̫ǿߡ
ǿߣȻѾȫˣȫɳ֮£Ŀݹǣ
ȵȣǿǰ棡
ζȻסˣټǰȥֻǰ棬ڡ족롰ء֮䣬һЩֲӰӣЩӰӰ͸εħ꣬Ѿȥ꣬Ǳ޷뿪
ЩħӿֲѪ죬Ƕ֫к֮ǰģȥЩ궼ããεƬħ֮أûʶҲûǰļˡ
ħϢ֮ء
ˣЩһʱȥħ𣬿־ʲôطΪλ˶ħ꣬ۼϸʱϸʱ
СһЩǰ߿
ǧȻŪﵽô£־ʲôط
£˱ȥϢס˺СĵǰȥƿЩħǺ꣬ƺȫǶģЩħ꣬ȥƺֻӰţãε֮䣬Ǵ߾û⣬ֱӴ͸ȥ


1995 ֮
Ƭ֮ãɳ󣬺ܿӡЩε֮ħ꣬ǹ»Ұһӿֲȴ㯣㯵εؼ䡣
ֲ֮࣬ҡͷ̾Ϣ㯵ƮţȥֻתˣֻسΪˣҲܺùΪĹ»Ұ
ȵȡ
˵ֻأǧͻȻʶһ飬ζһһէӣŵЩѾȥħл꣬˫ü΢壺С㣬ôˣ
Ծ
ǧѿε꣬ԲӰеħֻ֮꣬ʱ̫ãѾãѾʧȥңѲյħ
ôˣ
ζ߶߶˵°¶ӣʵʲôԾ
ǧ֣ҪȥЩħл꣬һ죬ֱ۰סˣҡҡͷȻҲóԲӰѣǾҪΪá
ǧѻعͷζȻζ㣬ҪˣԸôƮؼ䣬ȥֻת
ޣζһۣܲ˵ģ
ħλ꣬˵˼ЩħȥΪȴִˣȥֻתɻĹ»Ұ
ԶԡҾ˼
ǧѲסͷζüͷҲԽԽƮ꣬һҲͰˣǳǧ֮ħ꣬Ϊζȥֻתأ
ʵħҲ޷ֻأѣЩ̤뷽ˣδͼֻˣҪֻأΨûʲôģǴ˿ǰЩޱǿħҲȥ
ǲȥֻأǡܣϸЩħ꣬ǾǱһǴ˿̲Ǻ޹ɵصƮŸԵķ룬һֱĳתһһȦʮ꣬꣬ǧꡭôһֱȥ
ô˵ţǧѺζʱˣֻʲôĴڣסǧŵħ
˻׻꣬¡
һͻȻһγԺһʹȻֿˣŵħͻȻ֣ΧѾǵһˡ

ͷЩĲȣǧһ½סôˣ
˺һѹǰûЩħеĻꡣ
û°ɣ
ζҲ˹ܸоղЩֵֹģҡҡͷûʲôǻǾ뿪ɣе㲻ĸо
ʶζټ˵ĻǵʱǻȪ棬ţڤ磬㯵ħҲû˵ʲôµͷá
ǧҲ˵Ȼȥǰ濴ʦЩֻԼ±㽫ţִȥ
ղָоҲ˵ָо̫ˣֻܣͷʹѣһɣ˵ĸоҲħл֪꣬Լ˭֪ȥ֪û㯵Ʈţ޾ͷ
᲻ˣô죬ҵˣװ
ԭ·һͻȻһߴ˵˶һۣסԶһɳ
˽Ƭħأд죬ӦˣԭǳɳѪһƬ±߷ɳڸ𽥰һ˵ѹָо֮þ뿪֮ᷢʲô֪
ڣȴ˴ƬħأҪʲô˽ˡ
֮ôħҲһᣬǿֲ
꣬˵ˣСЩ꣬Ҫ̫
֮ǰ𣿡
أϰ£Сһ㣬졣
ǼԽԽˣܹа˸ˣȻûǰҲΪľ𺳡
ȵȣԡ
ʱΪ׵ĺͻȻͣϸ۲ΧǲǴǱ߹ģܹġˮ¡ֹһǴһ߹ģӦøòԶ򲻻ããأ

Ǻһ±ˣţҲ̽䱸ˣҲˣޱأеֻħ꣬Ϊ⸽˵Ϣ

һɲǣ˵Ϣƺ¶ˣǺָһоһѰɺɫ󵶣һ֮
䣡
һ죬һɳʱ飬ɳҷɣǺɫնһ˲䣬ѾܿˣܸܵղһİԵϢѰ֮ˣܲһֱһ֮˵
ˡ
ǰ˸˿ԶˣûνţУ޷ֻ̫徳߶ѣ̫ˡ
šǣǸˡ
Ŷ˸ˣ˸ϵϢȷʵһ㣬һ˵ĸоЩǿ࣬ǧڵľƺѪѪƺ죬øǿˡ
˵ĸо֮ǿֲڶ̶ʱɨɡǰ˸ˣϵϢѾ˰Եˣڹˣ⣬ӦѾɽ˰ɣһս˶Ŀһ߰
Ȼǰ²⣬ˣսɣʵϣűĿġ
ʲô
ζǰ˸ˣһ̣ȻʮĸоԷϵѪϢܣܣѪ죬ԭѪԶҲĨȥģѪϢܣ
ʲôˣ
Ȼǰ˸ˣҲϵϵѪϢ˵ĸоеɵе£ȴǣһǿҵޣ
ҿǲɣ
ǧѿ˸ˣЦ͵͵ʲôսֻǽڣΪ˶ĿĿģǼùɡ
Ȼ֪ˣǾͲǻ뿪ˡ
Ȼ˸֮һɱǧ˫ǰЦȥ̨ʣŶϷƵĶ죬ǾͲܻһ˵𣿡
Сģ
һ˲䣬ǺѾϮξǿӰǧǰ顱һ˶ϣִ֮δȫԪ˼
ʦ磡
ǧҲû뵽֮ղһƣҲоˣǼ֮ˣһƣм֮Ӳ
ˮ
ǧһųˮˮʱâʢżǿĽնȥȻ˸ٶ֮죬ܱܿķɽ
СģЩûô򵥣ǵѪ
ζѻ˵꣬ĸͬʱȥǫ̀ȥзһɨȫһ֮ӰԷ˶ڣ֮Ӳܣ֮Ӳܣûκκôοⲻһ֮ˡ
ʦãСģ
ɲһչǧ˳ȥһ˲䣬ˣǧѹЩߣ֮ǧǹƣ˻ʤ㣬ٶԶ࣬¾Ͳô׵ˣܹҵԷϵǧѶȱ֮˶սľ飬ôҳ
ˣ֮˱һšű֮ͬ˵أȻܹ֮Էɽ֮
ǡߣˡ
˳ɫŲмȴҴ⣬Ϊٸߣǰ˸֮ˣҲǧ֮ˣžҲԶˡ
ҹһʱҲ˲ǧǱˣˣΪͣԵ۹½⵶ǹġֻ֮ߣħָ̫죬ħָδܹһУٻߣöµħƬ֮أħݹǺ꣬۹½Ͷµħܶã֪ʲô䡣
ɫ˶ʮֳؼǶԷ˶ֶ࣬ʲôӱǹ֣ǧǱߣȻ۶Ҳֲźôһ𷨣ÿΣ֮ʱ÷𻪵ס˵Ĺơ
˫ޣ˼Ǿǧ𻪣
ӺȻһˣһǧѴȥһƿƽƽ棬ʵһۺǧĿǰֱܹӵֿ
ѣ㿪
ζϢͬѰǡƣ
ǧȴ˿֪̫һľƣƣʱƽƽ棬ʵؾŵھһһͣǽһǧħҲѵֵ
ǿǿǧֱӲضشȫԱ飡
ǧѲ֪ϮܷӦšֿϵһ˲䣬ƺ󷢾ŵʱɿҪû
󷢾ŵһǿһĵӿʱѾܲסҲӱܲھŵӿؽȫϣ
ʦá
ۼʦΣһ̣ٹ˲ô࣬һ죬жʱһɫӡһǿƿƵ֣ǧѸǾ¼ǰȥɳɣ֮װԶȥأ
ղǡ
ǧѾ긦û뵽Ʒ˾ˣվˣΣһ̣Ҫʦְ˹
ƣ
ζĿԲϾɫһѿڶǰ˸һơ֣Ҳһ˿棬ܿ
ǺȥһЦȻˣܹ˵֣˵ǺˡȻü亮£һɱ
֪ʲôˡ
һ̣ζǰ˸ˣ֮УȻ͸¶һǿҵĺ⣬ָÿֱ죬ҪѪһ㣡
δϣǿҵޣһ죬Ϯɱ֮ˣңŪĿǽ壬ûйǿҵޣ
ѵǡ
һɲǣҲ뵽ʲôϵع壬ǵ̫һһ֧
ֲζϳˣѪϢϵѪϢŵģȴ̫ҵϵѪҲ̫һͳѪ
Ϊʲô̫ϵھ⣬ǿʢ£̫ҵĵϵȴ˼䣬û䣿
Ѫǲƭ˵ģ˼Ǹûңû䣬ҲɷϣӵŵѪȷʵ̫ҵĵϵѪǰǿ󣬵ڵѪֻϵ


1996 Ѫ

һĽХĽζһɲǣϾǺϣҲһɫĹâ֣ǡ̫һѪ֮
Ȼǡ֮ˡ
ʱζϵѪֺ֮ǰ˸֮ϵɱһ±øˣȻϣҲвѪ֣֮ζͬǣϵѪ֮ǽɫģǳɫģһ˿˿аϢ
ô£
ǧѲһ㶣ȻҲܵˣ˸ϵѪ֮ȻζϵѪ֮ͬѪϢȴһɣͬģ֮ͬˣ޿ͬѪϢѵʲô壬Ȼһ֧ԭӦǸϣϡ
̫ͬ
ǰһĻҡͷ˵ţĲ²ȫǶԵģĹ壬̫һһֻ֧̫ҵˣô⣿ѵŶһ֧ˣӵ˾⣿
ʱζȻͶĿ⣬ͳܲȰɱˣȻʫ
ӡζһǳټԷʱصɱóҪɱЩˣ±֮ͬˡ
ϸһ룬ƺϵ˼ңûʲôͬڱԴĹϵҪ˵еĻҲֻһ֣Ǿǳйϵ
ã֮ˣҹһɱһ
ǹİ˸ˣҲĿޣͻȻζһζȴһˣڵѪ֮Ǹǿ˸ٶٿ죬ʱûޱȡ
飡
ȳˣһһƴؿڣʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥһһնУǵǹƵ֮һбն£˿ڳһߣҪһ㣬嶼гˡ
̫˰ɡ
ǧѻعҲٶԥ۶Ȼ֣˵ζ˸˳ֺݣղǸ˶־Ͳ
ȥԸˣˣ
Ǻ䣬֮ˣŹָֻһһɺɫ󵶣˲ж֣͵һζնȥһ죬ǶѪ֮ζɸеһȻǰ˸棬Ϊߵġ
ǡ˼
һѺɫ񵶣һһֱգζնȥ첻ϣÿһԴһɰԾµʮǰζδسܵסơ
ܿ죬ζǱƵòȥ⵶ʮͣǣÿնһһġӰʧնĴԽԽ࣬һһĵӰǡһ㣬ζնȥôնȥǽʬβɡ
˻Ͼƣ
޿֮ʱζָһͽȫָ⣬һʱ⻪貣âĿħָһ㣬һָǰ͹ĺӵȥ
飡飡飡
һɫָȻҲҵľѧһ½ӵĲ㵶âȥˣ⼸˾΢΢һȻˡնǵȻ֪ҵľѧ˻Ͼ
е˼֮ˣе㲻һ
ӹƣȴȣţһѪ֣һɰԾµϢ͸˳
Ǿ㿴֮˵ֶΡ
һ̣ζȫӿĳɳҲΧתһɿµΪӿɢ
źأģ߷ֹؾ
Ȼ˷ǳ֪ҵ书ֻû뵽Ǹ̫žңЩ񹦣ȻȻܹЩ񹦣뽫֮ȥ
߷֡ؾ
ζվ̨֮ϣȫâʢӿɽһƳȫʱɿƲɵصĳɳ͵سӹȥ
䡪
죬ȫһ𣬸ס߷ֹؾĹƣǿеֿȴһѪһ󵹷˳ȥ
ǧһ£ȥζصù

ͻȻζɫһףȻǿз߷ֹؾҲЩˣ̫ҵľȷʵԵǿжãҲܴǡ̫ͨ
ܺãʱǧ꣬һ֮ˡ
ӲȥϵѪһɲǣȫѪ˫۲Ѫ˿һɿֲȥɳ裬ȻҲ߶ĳּΪԵڹѧ
ʮն
ͻȻһζնȥֹһնһնһնͬһԽԽͣζһɲǣ˾࿹һƶһննǱ˺ˣǹɰԾµӿɢʹǧѺҲ̸һ
ۣ
ǺӺζͬʱһѪ󵹷˳ȥȻʮնϾƣעܾˣ
Ѫ
Զ߸֮˽һǰŮӣͨˣһλӵ̫Ѫ֮ˣΨһģΨһλ̫Ѫ
ζ
ۼζشǧһ·˹ȥסϲѪɫҲһõŸôƴô
ۣ
ζһѪӿ棬ȴ޾ĺ⣺֪ʲô壬һΣµˣնɱǧǰǷĺ˻ĵˣõʱİ˻ףչ˻ԹǵʱһλŮ
ʱô˵ţǧѲһ㶣ԭңȥô顭
ʱҲ˹һֽţ
ҡ
ζǿپϵĽɫѪ֮ٴȼһɽϢ
㣿ǹѪƲˡ˵
Ѫ֮
ζѪץſֻ֣֮УһɫѪ֮ӡȻ֡
ʦ磡
ǧҲһ̫һ塭Ѫ֮ӡ
ʵһңϮ֮գѾˣҲѪǺζһѪ˶ͬΪʲôҲ֪ҪҲֻʸס
ѪζͬǣζѪǡԡģѪǡԡġζѪѣѪҲԶ޷ѣǴ棬ζ̫Ѫ֮ʱ̫ѪҲ˳
ʱͬĵ
˼̫Ѫˣͬʱ֡
վȥϵѪһ̣𾪹ǹеɱˣΣҪȥ̫Ѫˣ
Ѫɲһ˶һЩ˵ѪǵϵҲֻͨѪѣɼˡ족֣ǾͲһˣǵλ̫Ѫλ࿹̫桭
˿̣ǧѻһţԭʦ羹Ȼǡ꣬갡
Ŵ֮䣬һҹ䣬ڷֻһӤڷǽ£ȡ˭֪Ӥ۸ӡ
̧ƣֵѪ֮ӡʵܲԸܣҲԸϣ̫ҵѪΪǶңǹȥǸңûκһоûκθ顣
˵ǣҵĴûκιϵ壬ĸ飬ԶԶҡ
һȥҰæֻǵİζѣң븸ףûκιϵҲѲ֮ˡ
һ
ζѪ棬һ˵壬ĸ
ã㣬ɱ
תȥһɲǣ۵ı䣬俴ԶǸĺӡ

þȫһնҪɱζȥӵ̫Ѫˣ
ȥɣ
䣬ǲֻܲն֮ʱ۹½˲֣һźնȥ

ĺɫ񵶣ֱӱ۹½һնϣȻǡ͡һѪߣǺӵͷ۹½նˡ
źأ
ͻȻն׼ʣµ߸֮˽Ȼһôܣ
۹½£ôܣοʱϻմζѪ
Ǻӱնףǰһξ룬ͨһزеɳ֮ϣѪȻӿɳ
ɱ
Ȼ߸֮ˣһ۾Ѫ˵ͷıɱˣӦĶӲǣǴ˿̣ǷǵûĶߣϵɱˣѪĿ֮Ҳøͣ
ħ䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һɿµϢ߸˱ÿֲƣħһ㣬ϻһѪ
ȥҪƴ𣿡
ǧˣЩСܵģƴģһ˿¹Ĺ
ħ䡭ζɫɷף̫ҵһ£ħһˡ
㱣
յ۹£ҲֻܱˮһսˣħʶֻºӦˣƴնɱˣҲضζһ˲ᣬҲ֪ܷ˳߳˴óȻȷʵˡ
ɷɷɷ
ʱȻһɿµħϢӿؼ䣬û谵һƬע⵽Ѿˡ
ʲô
Ҳͣ㶯ħ䣬ǲδʧȥǣǴ˿̣ܵһĪввǰˣħ֮꣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һͳؼ𣬹ֲ·ЩѾȥħȻѹˡ
ˡ
µ⸽ֲħϢǧҲʶ˲ʱЩħεؼ䣬ûκʶ֮ħ꣬ͽᡰǿ߲ˡ


1997 
һħХص֮䣬Ҫ˺Ƭż֮أؼεЩħ꣬һ̶ǻһʱģȻֲȴ㯣֮ʱЩ㯵ħ꣬ޱײУ
ߣ
ǧҪ뿪˴ѾܵħХǡħҪߣ
߸ˣǼһĻǱɫھ⣬Ǳ˸ЩȥħͻȻ֡˹ζʲô
ߣ
Ҳ˲ˣʱֻҸȫĵطǿǰȫĵطȻŵ뿪˴
ȻΧħл꣬µǣЩħлܹ꣬ƾϢҵǣӵﶼûá

ͻȻ䣬һֲħǰħԼʮɣǰǱһѷɽնɱֻʣ°ͷ­һɿµħϢ˶á
ߣ
˸һӦ룬ħһ䡱һ˲佫ĳѪ
һĻǧѸǺȻʧɫֲǣħˣֲѪ޴ɱܡ
ߣ
һ˲䣬չɲŶ˸ħһ£ʱɳɣҺӵÿ죬ȻҲ͸ղ֮һ³ˡ
ɾ˳кã⸽ħл꣬ܿ㷢˵ĻϢѸٳ߶ˡ
ˡ
ζҲɫô죬ѾȫЩֲħ
š
ʱ˫һ̧һӳܿγһӣУϵϢ
ȻһʱжϵĻϢħһʧȥ˶ǵĸӦ

ѾϵĻϢʱȻⲻãЩߴħ߶Ųأ䣬ÿһصĳɳһ¡
ǧѺζҲס˺ٿղǸطˣڻʣˣҲӲˣһƴҪӳȥϻδɳɾ룬ڰһֻһ½׽סˣȻֽӲͷƤĲҽС
ʣˣҲŵûɢһ˱ħ˺ֱӰͷζˣһ˱һм룬ԪδߣѪ紵ܿ˸ħл߶
䡢䡢䡭
صĽŲȻܻصãЩħδȥڸѰȻǲûǣղŻͻȻʧĻϢǴ˿̣Ѱˡ
Щµħ˾ſڱǣҺҳǹѾˣʣ±ֻˣûЩħע⣬һЩħ֣ûӵĿܡ
˶һɳ棬ſڵϣʹ屩¶ȥʱȻһħͷɵɳǰ棬ħͷѪܣ糵ǰ󣬶ĿƣѪضˡ
ǧŵɫһףһæסˣ𶯣ǡ
ȻѪܵħͷɳ𸽽Ȧȥˣã⸽ħлȥǿֲĵХ֮ؼ䲻ëȻ
Щħ꣬ʱ򰲰㯵εƬ֮أûκ˺вɵҹ˿£ﵽʲôط
ô
ֱħȫȥǧѲŸֱ壬ĿȥԶЩħȻֲһХҪ˺һ
ô죿
ǧѻعͷˣܸħѾ뿪ˣԶȻ࣬ǲʱȥߣֻȴˣ֮Щħֻع㯡
û˵ֻζȥɫЩ԰ףҲմѪʵЩô
ʱް
ζ˲ǵѪվԶղǼ֮˵Ĳ֫Ϻܿ죬ͻᱻ֮صķɳ
ǹˣô£ң־ô¡ǧѿʵ
ζۣã۾ԵǺܾǰ̫ҵһ֧
ȻأʲôϵǧѼʵ
ζҪӵ̫ҵϵѪˣҵϵѾɱˣֻʣ·磬澳һ֧Ҳǣҵˡ
ֻҪӵ̫ҵϵѪˣôǣͳˡϵ

ζͷǧ뷽跨µĵϵչ׷ɱһΣǧǰ޷˼䣬ĺ˻ģҷһΣǿߣһսȥˣҵҲ𣬴Ӵ˥䡭еһλ棬ʧˣΪ
ԭˡ
ˣֲң˥䣬ԭڼǧǰ治ǿҲȫսˡ
ڼʮǰҲסݽߣҸ˥䲻ѣһޣɽ֮һζһ̫Ѫˣֻ˰ɣ
ǧʵǵ꣬Ǹ֧ΪҪ뿪̫ңԳһ壿
˭֪ء
ζָ۵ĺ⣬΢΢һЦ˵óģǵϵѹϵرóŸϳţҿ˵ͺǼ²࡭
Ųǣ
ζһֱ壬Ǽ£Ҳɷϣ壬ղûпѪ棬һаϢ𣿾Ժ޲һ
˵ˣҶˡ
ʱǧѰס˵ҿ⣬ҰĲҪȡҵϵҪɱȫϵˣֻҪҵϵѪȻǵϵˡ
ԣ
ζڲԼ죬Լ˵ˣ࣬һۣżŭ
ʵղ֮ô˵ֻ뵽ףһʱﲻ̹Ƿɧ˵ѣû뵽ζ˻˼ҲȥˣһƽʵЩ
һΣζ˼ǧԱߣȻóضǲµЩʲôֻǿӣ˵
ζ˼ãôע£˵ʵ˵˰ɣ⣬Ϊһ
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ϽҵһЩ齻ҲȷǰĲ룬ζ⣬ȻĿĵġ
һλ̫ġѪ
ζ̧ͷǰˣһȻ֪ʱ˵ġѪָ֣ҵѪλ̫棬µһξѪ
λ̫ԱһѪ֮ܽںϣɲֹ֮ô򵥣Ȼλ̫棬һλǿߣھЩʲôɵܱȡ
̫֮Ѫԭˡ
֮ǧѲһֲҺʱŮ˵ʲô̫ʮĹԭüһ㶼û˵
ζĬǲ뽫̫֮Ѫ£ھ͸˵ģб䣬̫ͻȻˣ£Ҳټȥ
ϺƽҲ˵壬˵̫ҵǸ֧Ǵ˴ͻȻ֣ĿĺһˣҲҪҵλ̫棬µѪ
š
ζ˵ͷǶΪҵ̫֮Ѫ򲻻Ե޹ʳ޾򡣡
ǧѵץˣһҵʲô֮ѪʱǿͳˡǷɡҳӡˡ
˼
һЦе˾Ǻ棬뿿ڵһѪ͸ıǰһУңһһ˼
ÿ˵йҵ飬Ҫ䳰ȷһζ̲ס̧ͷ磬ˣû˵Լ⣬̫֮ѪҪıҵ
ǧѿһۣҳɼܴ󣬲Ҳ˵ˣô죿
ô죿
ԶЩֲħһۣھȣȵˣٳȥȻɽˣѹȷһС
˾ɳ棬˼ʱȵʱȻҹЩ׶ħ𽥰Х֮ʼʧˣȫʱЩħֺǽʱһͷ㯵εؼ䣬ʹ߳ȥЩħԱ߾ҲκΣˡ
ǧһħԣħֲȴ㯵ӣ̲ס̾ҹô˰죬㯣˭֪ħ
߰ɡ
һҲˣҹʱħ£֮ǰָоЩȥصħȴΧ˵ܵĸо
ڣֻصѹȣգҲûʲô仯ֻһЩѺۣƺʼòȶˣһЩѺ棬ħ֮
뿪ɡ
Ū˴ʲôǰóȻЩˮ¡ˣЩˮʵһռѺۣеĿͨһطǾЩȥĵط
պ˻صѹ棬ٻ׿ʱܸоѹȣҪɭȻࡣ
عͷζ˱ȻѾɽѡһĻȥҪ¶ݺѪϢй۲ǵҪʲô
ζɫ䣺˵ڶ
ڶѡ񡭡ֱɱȥɱѪɺӣƬײǰ˸ǰ϶Ѿ֪ҵĴڣȻŹ˵ѾѰˣǾΪǿһɱһҪȥʲôҲҪǽֱɱˡ
ڶ
˵꣬ζϱɱ¶ȻһΣɱˣٴ˴ЩˣһŹɱɱһڣ˫ǲݣ֣ѵȶԷ׼ɱЩԲκλˡ
ȵȵȵȡ
ǧѴˣ˵Ҳ˵ֱһ·ɱɽЩ峤ô죿ǱȻҲɽ
ǲҳ֡
ΪɽԶǲĳҳ֣ãɽλǲ𣿡
߰ɣȥδˣɱɸɾ


1998 Σһ
ʱ䣬ɽ꼱Ǽ»ûȥãڼǸعսɣѵذ˸飬ֵɽꡣ
λĵĻ壬ǽѹǱߴĶԽԽȥ¾סˣʱ򾪶ķӡ
˵뿪ѹȣҪ뿪ʱһŨŨĺ﷭ӿȾʵ˼ЩħҪ£˱㲻ٶͣɽȥˣҪȥûЩʱ䡣
գѾȥö죬ɽȻû˵κѶӵ·ڣѾȥһˣټģɽҲԺˣ֮λϣעϡ
˰£˼ȥЩʲôǰʮǰʱһһڿЩˣͷ·èһײߣĻȥս
󣬶Է˴ֻĸˣĸˣټһɽôɣҡ
֮ǰ˻̶ۣʱɨɣֻרЩСֶѣ˴αضɽΣǰͷհѻ˵꣬ͷֱ˴ˡ
һƣǴɽ±߸ɵˣ̧Ҳ˵֮˾Ҫȵ֮˸ǿʵ֮˲ͬѪ֮Ǽǿ֮ǵǹ롣
ټѪ֮໤κ˵ķɽ޷֮ƣЩûκã֮ǣԷķƲˣ˵ԷЩ͵似񹦣ʱѾ˲ٳɫӣһ仨ˮ
Ѿ˵̨ô
ɽϣʱƶһɽϣվӰο࣬ͷѪɫ˫ǣͷ췢ĿǼһ֮Ǭң˳ǬҴħ
ǬҴħԵˣֻ˫ڰУһۣ£ʮɫƮǼġа񡱣ͬǬҴħһգ̤žǿߣ޼žصĵλ
ǬҺ͹ˣǲսɵģȻҲӲǹˣֻǵԹУδζѷָ£ǿʤһҲ˵
һΣǬҴħ͹аˣֻ֤Էʹթѣǲ˴ε֮˸ʹթĻǱض֣ǳ֣ǾͲǹǼܱȵˡ
Ȼγ߸󱲣ȷʵϣǿãʵأӵмǿѪЩϹ񹦣ʵ벻ǾǺͼ򣬶첻ƽˡ
һɽϣɽλҲˣɽλ𣬻磬£̫ӣ˺ͬʱ֣һϴξһ𣬻Ǽǰ˰ɣ
ɽǳͨһЩ󷨵Ļӻ翷嵽µԪ壬Ҫһʱ䣬գȴͬʱ壬һβòΣһΣϾǼžΪһѹǱߵ飬Ҳܸôһˣһʱ䣬Ҳеæˡ
ɽϣȻŮʮģһ²Ⱦ˳˼ֻȥЩ䣬˲ҽӽ
̫ӣü𩷢ɷǣһҲȷŮԣȥȻ
˵£ȻҲиͽһβûȥ棬Ѿңǵǲ׳ȥҾȥ̫ӣǳµӣ˭ܶùЩˣ
Է֮ǿǼԵ似񹦣ǿµ̫ѪѪ֮ǵˣƲ˶ԷķƲѪ֮˲˶ԷֺǱԷһƴУˣѪ̫֮ˡ
Ǻǡνɽ֮ףҲˡ
ǱߣȻһЦǷЦ֮ˣȴһ̴ɫѵߣЩձ˫ָ󣬿ȥģġ
йųأҪСű˵ǵЩ߻ħжһϣŵ¼𣬲ˣһɰԵҲǳֵܵĳӲӡ
ˣĸߴǸߣй壣˵ΪɽλҲСκһǿߣСˡ
һϲŭɫǸһĸоˣйǹ棬ΪĪģǸҲʱվһԣû˵
Թļžǿߣѧ񹦣似񹦣ȵĸӿ£Ѫ֮Ҳǿû˲ɵȻҲ֣Ϊò˳֡
ʱڽ̨ϵӣйͣΪûеžＸѾ˸ٵ̨Ӧսˣǡֽ֮֡ݣ˵ڶ£Ǳֽǵˣûһش²мġ
ǵѾû𡭡
վ̨ϣųߣһᣬ¶˿˱㺦£һȭҹȥǲðԽҿһƴȥǲð˴飬һָȥ˾ϣϻմŴƬѪȻⲻѪ
ʱѾû˸ٵϽ̨ˣղ˵³ǶۿˣһһȭԴԽѪ̨ǣԪ񶼸ˣʦĿѣйλϣͼħа񡱶ڳ֮սʦҲ֣Ǿ
ûô
ʹЦһ񣬻ܣ۽壬һСɽһÿһ̨һ£ŵ±ߵŮǻʧɫƽǼŵģʱƮƮʦʦܣļ֮ˣǹͭɫƤ·ͭǽڣǹһ
Ӧս
ʱһӰݷ̨һ£ĿбӣͶһվǸһ
ʦ֣
鹬ĵӽһ˿̷̨ˣȻǰˣǰʮļ仨ˮһλãȻպһùס
ʱڽ̨棬Ҳüӷǳţһһ̫ǿˣûһ˵Ķ֣οʱģΪײеĹͣȥֻ׶༪١
㣿
б˰һۣӣ¶֮ɫһӣɣ㲻Ҷ֣иߣʮ
Ҫ񣡡
±鹬ĵӣ׷ŭʱλϣųǱ߿һۣЦҲһȥ±ߺ𣬡ƨ硯ô
˵ǵ̨Щ鹬ĵʱԴһû㵽ԼҳȥʦǸ£ǿûУһȥñ˵ȭҳࣿ
ϻ㵽״򲻴򣿡
򰡣ô򣿡
˵ţͺȻһȭ˹Ӵ󣬱ΪǣҲۻ룬ҲǼ죬һ棬ĥ̴ȭͷѾҵǰһȭȥǵýҵԽ䲻ɡ
񳽵ײѰӣһȭ֮ʱӰ˲ʧһȭӰϣһ˲䣬ѳڰУָһٵâһ㣬նȥ
Ȱ
˫һһͷһűϣ˲һɫնȥֺ
һĻڳ˶һ˵֮ǰЩΪҲͰˣɰһΪҲ˵ѵҲƲ˴˵ķ
һն¼ٵȻƲ˴Ѫ֮񳽲һ亹Ͼ򶨣ӡȻ䣬죬ֻ£׷ɴܣȻ鹬ĵ

˫һ̧߷ɴܵ׾۳һѰ޽Ȼأһնȥ
ӵ洫ӣһն£ڳЩνм˳ܵס޹һֱһѽΡ
ȻƽΪؽһǷ֮ǰǰӣ
ӣڿʼе˼ˡ
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ôܡ
˶ĿɫûмžΪȴǿֲ޽һնɽĳҲδظ˵Ӳ˾һָֻסˡ
ٺٺ١
޽һһ¶Цǻ£ӡƫƫնԷ޷նȥֺ
٣
ͺЦһȻһ󣬡һؽ棬Ȼһ²Ѻۣ˸һӶɫ˵ʵδ̫ǿˣն׶ܳȻܽ
Ȱ
һ𣬻ӿɽ顱һгնһؽʱƬ̨ҷ˳ȥ
ģ
æܷĽƬҪ⽣ƬУֱֻӰأĽƬҷɳȥһЩ춼ˡ
ڽһ˲䣬ҲʱһѪɽͻˣҲش
񳽣ģ
˲䷴Ӧһ죬һ̨ȥ뽫񳽾ߣϹųعЦһСĴܣϵĲʲô֡˵ָһһɫָƿշɳ顱һӲǽһˡ
شûܹܿʹһ죬һ£һɿֳʱ˹
ʦ֡
ۼʧֱܣһŮӵʱŵûʧɫǰ񳽵ʦã֮ǰڹЩˣǱġֽ֡Ū˷ˡ
񳽣
Ҳ¶֮ɫϾӰĵӣŶԷΪƫƫʱȲˣ
ٺ١
ͽץǰҲʧ룬˲һѳŹնȥɽնڹϣȻϷ֮ȫ˲˶Էֺ

ͻȻ񳽷һҽУȴŽֻ֣͵ġֽ֡Ťˣͷ¶˳
񳽵ʦôʧɫ

ٴηһ˺ѷεĲҽУȴ֮ĹͷǿиŪˣһ˲֪١
ס֣
˫Ŀѣųصȥס֣
ס֣ٺٺٺ١
ųعЦ˵Ѫ֮ȼ󣬾ͺͣˣϵѪǿ񱩵ģͽͷ䣬ͽʹһЩ

˺ѷεĲҽлصڸǴ죬ҲͷƤ鲻ѣȫͷ֪˶٣һŲ˵ϣѪ
ٺٺ١
һ̣Ѫ֮ӿ˫۶ѪˣȻųԣѪǼΪ񱩵ģһȼͣ¡
ϸ䣬ٶҿͷ˵ʦǸҾͷ㣬ٺٺ١ȻҾͲȱԴ
ͽŲȰţЦ˵˵ʦǸҲǷ
񳽡ɫ
ޣһѪ˹ϡ
ǾԼˡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ѫ̨Χ˶סˣһŲȥ񳽱ɣǸһҲǱһŲȱԴ

ԶŮǱߣ̶ŵס۾ٿȥ
Ҫʦ֣
˾֮ʣ̨棬һȻӰ̨Ϸкâһͱȥ
ȴǰ񳽵ʦãӵֱӣɰ񳽴
ʦáȥ
ʦһ̵ǶȫԪΪһϴڹϣȴһѽȻһ¶ϳ߰˽صˡ
ţ
ʹһ죬ƱĥһСһ׽סʦõҲӿ

ʦñʹֽţһɽǴϵʹ˲߱ȫʱ۵ֱ

ĿѣͺٺһЦðͷˡ˵ţְֻʦͷϣ˾У;һ£ʦԴšѪҽʦҲˡ

Ŀѣֻ̨ܶһѽͽҿȥȻȴһСһ˴˲ڽ£ֻһľ˵Ľȥ
̨ҲˣѼʶ˵ѪỴֱ̄Ӱ˵ͷš⻹ʲô
٣
Ѫ֣һЦҪŰ񳽵ͷһŲȥȻʱ棬һ׹ͬʱǿΪϢ
ţ
ͣǰ׹ķȥȻҲܵϢ֮䣬ǰ׹ѷ˶һһ̨̨棬ȻӰܹ󷨣
ˣ
һ¾˳ʱһǰɽˣžôʧһ¡


1999 Ѫ
һζѡ
ԽԽӰŮҲһôãûҵ˵ټղһ̨֪˻ˡ
ǣ
ڳ˾һʧһ£ƺǶˣֱ˻ǲֻ𣬵ţһģһһŸȱԴ
ǻˣ
ǣ
Ⱥ棬ʼľ˻˶Ըˣ֮һһݣˣҲǺˣǺ˶Ժˣ
˵㡣
ǧ̴ζ̨˳ǰһĻ˵Ҳ֪ôˡ
˭
˵ͻȻ֣ϴʱɽЩ˷·𿴼һĻǬҴħ͹аˣȻ̽עϣʲôˣ
ǬҴħ͹а񣬻йλϣͬһ½Ŀϣζǹ޵ѪϢ˵ע⡣
ȥ񳽣ôˡ
ŰѪӣǧ֪ⲻֻʱ򣬲ֻ֡ࡱĸоϰʦʬʱ
һ
Ѫӿ۲Ѫ˿ɱɱҴǰʲôޣҡɱ
ûлشĻҲԹۡ
ٺ١
һŽ˳ȥȻŰеˣЦǣһôһһٺ٣
أ
ǧѾ˹ȥѣĴˣҪ⣡
ǧѵȻ⣬ɹȥһ˲䣬һ۶ͬʱһƴ֮Уһɫġdӡ֣ͳͶͷϴȥѪ֮ӡס
٣
ܶϤ͸ʽһ˲䣬ĥ̴ȭһȭ˹ȥѵģζ棬ɲͨͨһȭҹġ촸ɶס
飡
ȭ飬мųһ⣬ȻȻǧ⽿εεӣʱ󵹷˻ȥ
ءۣ
ǧ䵽м䣬ͣ˦֣۵ᶼˣͨ죬Ǳպһ¡
ζüҸˣҪ
ءô֪ˣǧ۵ҧгݣֻһ̧ˮ˲ǰϹâ
ϡ
ԥ䣬һ˲ǧһһң͹ȥζ档
ٺ١Ҫ̫죡
Уȴ˿ţһȫγһ᲻ɴݵıݣǧȻֺ
⡭˼״һѵҲ˲˴ˣƲ˴˵Ѫ֮
ȥҴĹ𣿡
ˮ请ġˮǧ޼᲻ƣɴʱȴ˲˶ԷֺǧѲЩԾ˱֮ǰħǰ˸˸ѶԸ
ζ˵һ飬ǲ֮ˡ
аɣ˵ʲôʲôЩ
ǧѿʼɼʦ˫赣ȻҲ޷ƴ˵ķһѪɫǵǹ롣
֪Ǿ̫Ѫ֮ǧѶ޷ƣǿжõ۹£ҲܷɣһƴȥԼҲһѹˣǴ˶֣޷˴˷ֺ
˴˿ԻζΪܹ̫͡ħ䡯ǸѪ˾ҿӣɹˡ
ȥǹ
ԹһȭһȭԵѪ֮ǧԽԽе棬ҲźһԽԽңۼҲ˷ô죿
ٺٺ١
Զų˫ֱ󣬷һЦġ족ѪѪ֮˶Ҫ񱩣ܹƵģʬɡ
䣡
̨̳ǿֲӿʹվԶ˶е£ǵǿ֣߳͸ܵУǵǿߣҲδƿѪ֮
һɫѪ֮κҲԹƣҪǱ˵似Уǽϱǹۡ
ôȥ˵ľ
ŮҲüȻҲˣ͸ǹһ֮£ûе֣һֱôȥһζѣֻ׶༪٣ϧԷλ̤žĳϣǬҺ͹˿ţ޷ڰУ
˫֪Ѷ˰ʱ䣬Ǽ̨żλµķ󷨣ֻͱ˴ݻˡ
ȥĵԽãԽǶ˲˵ʱŶţǹ͵Ѫ֮ȻԽսԽǿ˿û֮󣬹һ㣬㹻˵ˡ
һ˵˫սΪ࣬ǾͿ˭ӯˣͣ˻֮ǰѾôೡڲûԽսԽֱͣǹеĹһ֧̫ϵĹ
󣬸ѪԽ˱˿ֲҵ̫֮Ѫˣֻ⣬Ҳˡ
Ȱ
һȭȭϽâ֣޼᲻ݣڹķ̫ҵġɽӲӲãǧһһȥʦ磬㿪
䡱һǸҵϡãʯһŽǧѲɰһ̫ѴˣôãȻ˿ˣѪֱ֮£ѵǵѪѪ̫ңôӵ˿ֲѪ
Ҳü͵Ѫ֮ñ֮ǰħǰ˸ǿˣһεģҪܺɨɣǲŽйˡ
Ҫƴ˵Ѫֻ֮ҪôζѪ֮˵ĻҪζѪԪ˲С
ڶַԼðһε۹½۹½ƴ˵Ѫ֮ԼҲܷ𣬿ֻˣ߶ħָħָǴ׼ˣҲƴѪ֮Ͷõ۹һǿлѪֶΣػܵ
ͣɱǡ
ۼѾ˰ʱ䣬ʱԶһ̨棬һƴйǹ͵ֳҲ˶ȥûйôֲ
á
ͳ䣬Ϻһ˿˿Ѫ͸һɲǣ˫۱Ѫ죬ϵĿֲϢһ¸࣬ڽ̨ЩˣֲϢ£Ҳ
ˡ
ǧѰҪٲȥ˵Ѫ֮ǽǵ׶༪ˣͷķ˵ȹǼ϶¡
ѪԪ
һغȣý̨˶ĤѣæȥϣѾȫѪ֣˫Ѫ죬ͻȻħһֲ޲¶ɫ⵽ǹʲôײп£
Ǻǡ
ųطһЦƵùͶáѪԪ˶Ҫȫʬˣٺٺ١
һζ
ʱԶŮڱɫٴȥˣͷ̫ΣˣǻûеΪһ£ˣ
һߣĳԹۣڰͲùͷ˺÷飬Ԫһȥ

ѳɣǴʱϢѾ˳ܲסˣ˶׷ԶȥһЩ֮ˣɫ

ֲϢζûиص֣һ̣ĽһһѪڽϣʱ䣬ƾ䣬ʧɫһǿԶѪ֮ʱӿɢ˳
Ѫǣ
ԶǲԣһЩ϶¶˾ɫζѪ֮͹Щ˵Ѫ֮ȫһȴСͬڱϢҡΪǿ
ţѵǡ
һ̣ɽ˱ɫλϸǱɫһĹųأ棬ʮĹϣʱ˵Ŀ⣬ζϣ˵¶֮ɫ
ܣܣѾȥ꣬ѾҵϵնɱϣôܻˣӵǸ˵Ѫܣ
ѵ㲻㣬ˣȻǡ
ľɫܿͱһɿ־֮ɫûã˱˴ղղΣһҪɱ˴ˣϣ֮³ǵԤϣﴫϢ
ϸԥ˫ָһüĵȥʱһƾԪȻһѪɫԪǹһ׭ʱһƺ̣ü֮С
˹ĴѶԪΪԶľ룬ܴܱ֤κϣһ㲻׶ôΪһƾԪ
һĻɱԶŮۿˣаһ˲䣬ѾôˣҲŲµΪ֮ǰζ̫ңλ̫Ѫ
Ů˼񣬹ͻȻԪѶضǽ´ع壬ϧһƾԪҲҪѶȥ֮أǹҪ֣׷ɱζˣȵȣһһƵѪϢ
Զ棬ɽλ񲻶Ŀ⣬ҲϣȻﲢû֪һǰ
գҪˡ
̫˵м䣬üǽ̨棬ȫѪ֮ӿζһʱҲ벻ŮϣźعͬڱѪҿȥƺΪǿ󡭡ˣѾɱ


2000 ¾ɱ
ٺ٣˼
ͻѪƣζϵѪ֮󣬲壬ɱʢһȣ£ȫһѪ֡
ζͲͬϵһɽɫȫ֣עѪ֮ĳĽҲһ±ùâĿһʹȥ

һ죬ζһڹϣ޷ƶԷѪ֮ڹܣһͭǽһûκܹ
ٺ٣ôעҪҵ
˫Ѫ죬ƹϲ¶Ц˫ֵζһϵѪϢԽԽǿγһ㻤
Ʋ˴˵Ѫ֮ô
˶۾Ȼ޷Ƴ˵Ѫ֮ǿ±ǵǿ֣߳ҲδƳˡ
ô
ζۼͷ񣬺Ȼ䣬һɰѪ֮ӿɢȥһɲǣƾ䣬ֻ֨һǲѪ֮۳ɵĻȻƣƣζǰѽΪģڲɢ
ôܡ
⼸̨棬⼸Ҳ۾ɫȻ˹͵Ѫ֮ô
ܣȰ
״һζ˳ȥԷѪ֮ѹ֮䣬ϵѪ֮ɢ
Ȼǡ
һ̣ϸǱɫѾ̲סҪˡųؼ͡ɱ
ߡ
ζһߣгһݣ䡱һ֮ƣһȥ͵Ѫ֮һشʹӴһ˳ȥȵ̨Ȼ졣
ܣܣ
ѣ˫һȫ£ٴһѪ֮һ㣬ȻûѪ֮ˡ
ϢƿѪ֮ˣڣն˴ˣ
ζѪһ㣡
ǧѵ˿ֱӷ˹ȥζѪѪȴͨͨһѪѣζѪԪѪԪƽʧһѪȫȻ¡
ζҲġָһһѪԪĽϣһ£ˮҲ֮˵Ѫ֮ˡ
һĻ˸𾪣˵ѪѪһܽѪԪøˣԹԣ⽫в
üһ
ǧˮϱˮһγʱ΢һѪ⣬ָһˮʱһɳ͡һȻ׶˹͵ķһϴ͸˹ȥһѪ
ͣ
Ǳߣ˽һɽߵҲסˣŮӵǺѪѹѪ
ն
ζѪԪǧ޹˼ɣˮնȥѪԪ֮վĵÿ죬һϵѪԪľˡ

ǧѰѽϵѪԪ֮ľˣȻȥѪΪѪԪ˵İ
ζɫѾʼЩ԰ףǱߵ˼״΢˿ҪֹضѪԪǻ˵ãҵǣܡ
ζɫѾʼЩ԰ף㲻ѪˣһһȵѪ֮Ҳͬղζһӿʧɫ

һֻ̣ȫһɫĹâǱߵٴһϾȻҲе˵Ѫ䣬ƺֺŮӲͬ
ţ
ԶɽϣüһհڰٻѪʹĻ˹ʱѪֻһͨѪѣʱѪ֮ԸĻģѪ֮޹ء
ٺ٣ã
Ŀʼζһۣ˲ԥͬʱնȥ

ͭǽڣ֮һҲֵס˵Ĺˣܿ죬˿籩ն£ѾȫѪؾͲǱ˵Ѫˡ
ɱ
棬Ѿ͵˿ˣŹͻѪ·ղŵĺҲһͷ˳ɱ˴ˣҲޣ
̶Ƭ̣ѾȫѪһѪˣζвֹʮĽҪȫѡ
ۣ
ӴһˣһѪ˳һĻЩ˸ˣųظɫ䣬;Բǽ̨漲֣ͣ
١ԶЦһѧ֮ǰĻģ˻ʹһЩ
㡭
ųǻŭ𣬵˲䳰ȷǽ̨ϴȥһɱұؽɽ
ð
ǧ˸ȻһŹͺȥͣһ죬ѪɽһǴ̴˹͵ĺ
˼ѪһĻǺĿģ˰˺飬ʲô
ɱ
˶ɽЩɣûһ뿴˲ģֻѴʬΣ
ס֣
ų˫ĿŭڹһҪ֣ȻʱԶɽϴһ壬ȴɽλ𣬵λɽ棬ȫ⻪֣ڣչ֡
ǬҴħҲųǱ߿һۣȻȻ˫ԣҿųسϻֵĺá
ųûа취ֻ̨ϵ˲ˣͣ

˿̹ѾѪ˫ѣǧһ͸ѪȻ£ֻмһģǧ˫ֻûĵǧϣ첲ʱѪ˳ȥȴζһһָն

ȥɣ
ǧѴֶ۾ٴ̳Ѫҷɣֻ۾ҲϹˡ
ҪɱǣͻѪ֣֮˫Ŀʧֻܳײ
ųشʧɫŭɱؽչȫ׷ɱӳ⣡
˵͸ӱ죡
һ̳һ͡һѪĽһӹ͸˳ȥѪһĻ˶ŵñۣͷƫųҲס˵ˡ
ͣ
ζὣһնѪɸߣն˴ͷ­ͨһӴڵȥ
̨һʱΪѪ֣֮˿ŵĹͣûκǧѵĴû͸ȥ˼ù֮˴˶㻹ʬ
͡
һ̨棬һĿޣǹ͵ֳۼܷܲŹˣ
ȥˣնɱ֮˵Ŀ⣬˹ʱ˻һ䡣
˴ι˲ˣֻ˳սǹ͹ֵܶˣԼ˿ˡ
ߡ
һ̨ȥǧѺζ˴λɲʲôԣʲôģɱЩ˵ġ
ġˣ
˼˵˵һ㳯̨̼Уת䱸ǵѪȻҲ죬ȴԶԶûйôǿ
ã
Ŀ׹⣬䣬һѪɫɻȶ似һնһҽУѪɽǳĶϱۣһ˳ȥ
һζնȥģλϸһʮ֮ˣԳ̨Ϸȥʱ򻹹ʲôƽȻҪնɱˣ˭ɱ˭һ
Сġ
ʮ֮ΧɱζҴ⣬ʹ̫Ѫ֮Ѫ֮Ͼ̫һ֧Ҳʮǿ
ãʡһһȥˡ
ָһٴһѪȾ棬һɰѪ֮ʱӿɢȻġѪԵģֻеζڸҾѪ֮ʱѪŻžѣֻһˣ޷Ѫ֮ģĿǰǡ
ʦ磬һ
ǧ˹ȥû̫ѪѪֲ֮ʴƷ
˵أ赺ϣɻǡ
С
ǧһߣԣ˫赣Ȼԣѽ֮ϵһѪ֮ʱˮϡ
ˮ
ʩչˮǵ干ͬĽԷǧҲԷ˭һʱ
ܿ죬˼Ĺ£ΧǵЩ֮ˣ˵ˣʣµѾ⣬ȥһߣζеĽǹɱͨ죬ЩӶûлᡣ
һĻҲˣʱƲɵӣ׷ɱȥӲǰɱջǱ¾ɱӣôף
ǬҴħ͹аԿţ֮ǿصѪ֮Լ似ˣѪ֮ƵģôʣµľֻƴΪˣǵƴΪĻЩ֮ˣвˡ
ܿ죬ʮֻ֮ʣ¼ֻʵȥҲþˣصѪͶ֫кﻹǱԣһ¾ɱ
ߣ
һ˲׷˳ȥߵˣ˱ն׼ʣһӵ˽̨棬Ϊӳ죬û뵽ųɽǽֱԺ
ųش󾪣ŭʲôѾ˳̨Ϊλɱ֣
ΪǱԣɱġ
ָһһɳȥǻæӴܵĹӸǴʧɫϾȡ
һֻ˵͡һ⵽Ѫ罦׼˳Źųؽµ̨׹ȥѪ˹ųǡ
㡭
Լ棬ɱԼĵӣųضʱŭɶ뵽Σ˻ţʱѸ˼ʲôˣɽԶڹˣָһ㣬һѪɫָʱżȥ־һɱ
һģ
Ů׼֪˱ػʩ͵Ϯʱͬһָ˹ȥ̫ңԶǹųصĹֻˡ
ǧһ֮ʣֻһ죬ųһ͵ָûдϣʱǰѾһӰһʮŮһϣһյŵ̹ġơס˸ղŹųһ


2001 ׹Ǽ
磡ʲô˼
ųضŻŭĿӣ˿̵ǰŮǻ磬˻ھ棬ղŹųһָ֣ðգǰͷתһҲˣɽƾ峤ڴɱأ
վǰ棬ȻĽС磬ɶߣһ㣬СС̲صȴǿµģֻĻҲҪһ
˿̻ķǧөơղŹųһָȻͣȴ˷棬ֻʲô˼֮ʦ𲻵ò֣Ϊ峤ϣĪǲ֪𣿡
ųŭɶָŭûпղ׷ɱҵĵҲȣϷձҪɱˣ
ƣ⣬Ƶϣֻô磬ֻһ¹񹦾ѧˡ˵ţ˿㻹£
źµȻٽʲôСãԭɽλ֮һ㹰˹֣л𡣡˵꣬һݣζǧǱ߷ȥ

û¡
ζųն磬ʵʶ
š˵ģ
һɲǣܵһɱɱ˲ζǧɳɾ룬䡱һղǸط̴ΧĽ̨ըϡãһɼǿӿɢø˶⵹˳ȥ
ĳɢȥֻղž͵ϮζҺŮ۵סһƣȻɲٿ죬ҲѴһžǿֵѣοǶԷ͵Ϯ
˺󡣡
ŮǰĹȻֻԸζƹѪ֮ǰһλʵʵļžǿߣûеΪһһʽܲס
λҪɽˡ
ۼλΪžĳ϶ˣΪɽλ֮һôţ˷飿
һ˲䣬֮Ϸ˳֮СЩѰܱ֮ȡ
ʱҲһ·˳ˣдʵصǶˣǰѳ֮˵ĺҪֹҵȽ׽أǱɽλıˡ
˲˳˵ʲôζͽˣֱĪ
ȴ֪٣ζأϸղϵѪ֮ȷʵͬڱԴĸоѵǴԣ֮ˣǵѳ֮˵ĺ
ƨ
ǧѿˮλĪҪߵǷǡ˵ţղ˵Ĺ壣伥ǵѳң϶ˣھȻ˵˲ͽ㻹Ҫ
һʱֱ治壬Ƕ˭˵ĲǶԵģǸղС˵ġҡѵʧ̫һ壿
Ȼ̫һ塭
һ£ڳ֮˸Ǹ¶ɫȸղſɱЩʱҪ𾪣ԭع壬Ȼǵ̫һֲ֧ӵѪġ족Ѫ
Ǹ̫һ壬춼棬Щܹģڣ˵ھңڣԼ˵㣬Ƕھ⣬̤˷֮˭ȥ࿹ɵǸһ͸ңǸΪ࿹ȻյĴ˵ϱ
ΣλҪô뿪Ҫô˱ԣ֮λСѣ򲻿ܵġ
ʱ棬̫Ҳ˳ڵʼԣɽζˣǰ췭Ҳǲܵ¡
Ȼɽִҹ֮£ǾĪˣ
λʱչƣѪ֮ȴǹЩӱܱˣ壬ʱҲѸɢ򲻸ȥλϵ
һߣǬҴħ͹аˣ˵ֻ֤˫ˣҲǼˣȻԹۣ򴫳ȥ˵Ǻɽû˼֮
ҲչʱŮۺ̫Ӷţæлλ
˲ᣬ˵ڼ˶ҪͽǣǬҴħ͹аɲʲôС֮Գ֣Ժ˵ɽͬ򣬶һԲǰ
λԶʤ٣ҿɽҲ䡣
а˵ţкȻɳһɫչһɫĴӣǡɷᦡʱаô輸£Բʮʱ󣬲ĺϣٻ˳˼ţ޲Ȼʧɫ
аǼ֮ˣҲôһ֮ãⲻ֡
ǬҴħ͹аǿ߲ս˫ʱƾУɽλЩӦȫŹ˼ɣɽ棬Կչֽţָţ±ȫɽ͸ɵĵӣǿɳܲס
ɽҲŲٴ󣬵ͬᶯǹЩ˴湥λԿƵǧ棬ǵȽ޲𹥻ܷ˹ˣֻɽĵҲ˴룬⽣򲻿׵ģ˫ֻһԲϽֶѣֲǵҪƴһ
ܿ죬˶˵Զȥ˵Щṳ̂ˣ̤˵ˣײЩˣڹͽˣûȥ£ĳ͸˵ˣͲù˰ǼɱˣڲȥѾˣӣȻҪʩ͵ϮһɱͽܣȻûǡ
ʦ𣿡ʱĳԣѾɱŴʱȥˣʱ

ĳĿ¶⣬ɽңŮʱ̾ڳ֣δصóѣݾǼ˽䱸ȴٴһЩŮϾԹ֮ʱٶֲ١
ʦ磬Сġ
ȻǧѸܵһĳɱҪڴʱ֣ǿɾ鷳ˡ
̨ϡ
ζһ޹̨ǧѽ£ʱǽ̨棬Ȼζ̨˲ߣ֮á
ԽԽңɳϴŵɾȥⱻˣʱĳڳˣζ̨Ϸһɫջ磬ǻ֮Уһֻɫ˳˴ȥ
ģ
ζһ˲䣬̨Ƴɾ룬㿪ĳһֻջ֡
Ȼĳʹ˷ٴչƣֳһɫƣȻץȥһΣȴŮ۵ˡ
Զɽλ˶һ𣬼ĳͻȻֹˣĳĪɽĹأ
ĳʱɫȥʲôزأɱͽܣܷŹ˵ţһιһεĹƸͣζȻֻ̨ӣӲϾһλǿߡ
䣡
ŮһϣһҪԸĹϣһʱ֧穣վζ̨ϣһɱҪҶöµħ͵۹½
ζƳ뷨ӣˣŲסá
棬ߡŮۣҲָʤˣ
ĳɱȥŮˣȥʮ֪꣬ԷΣʱԪһķʱһף͵سŮ۹ȥһߣҲŮش

ǿһ˹ĳȴŮۼ٣󣬼ǹ̫Ѫ֮ҲӲĳȻҲһ٣ĳûһ㷨
ɷ飡
ֻĳһȣ˷ʱɷͷϷһ³ӣâмһɫӣһѪɫӣұһɫӡ
ɷ顭
Զ˽һû뵽ĳѾɷɹˣ˷ͬСɣ󣬶ɷ£ѰԿã΢һ£ʱɷȾ׹ء
˿ĳųɷԸŮ۵٣ʹԭʵɽһ±ɷϹаǡɷᦡǰʤŪøħһɷ죬ⶼܿü
ǻҲѣҲ֪ĳŮۣ֮ޣбһ죬ɽ
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ʱ߷ɽλִϣ̫޷ȥŮֻۣǰȥ
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ҲܣСӣҽձȡ
ĳִҪɱɽλִ϶һһʱ䣬øӻ
ܿ죬ϵĵӣѾ뵽˰ȫ֮ȥٹһ׼׵֮λԶɽĽˡ
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ۼɽ֮ϣѾ𣬹λѾ⣬ֲôŹζô죿
ٺ٣磬ҿɽҲˣ޷Զٶѣиɣձ̤ɽҲңҳȥ򣿡
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Ҳһ˲֧İ׹Ǽ׹ǼѰ̫֮죬͡һ£һ˲߼£ֱӶһ㻤

׹ǼУһɫɷףһ֧׹Ǽ󣬾Ȼһʧˣ·ȫ͸
һ̫죬ʹ̫ӺͳˣûܷӦųؼ类һ֧׹Ǽ͵ϮˣҲһ£һɻγһɫӡͳȥһǴУʹش
ʱŮۺ̫ӾѷۼҪųشһɲǣȥ˲䷢ߵɫĹâ֮ͬϣû˼Ľƣ¡һס˹ųһɫӡ
ƾ䣬ضɽҡǲ޵ȫԤϣͬʱɹâһ°⸽ɷҲɢˣƲ֮죬һɼĲ֮


2002 ׹
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˿ϵĲޣâ֮ǿס˹ųһһλžǿߣο͵Ѫ֮˽ͷһǵʲôϹѰƵķ
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˿̣ҲѾӦ˹ȥΣղһ֧־Ǻ˷
ǺǺǡ
˾֮ʣȻһЦЦȴȫӰ˲΢΢һڸأӰղһ֧֮Ӱ١
ǺǺǡյɽְ
˾δִ˹Цڳ֮˾һĪǡ
һ̣ĳ͹˶ͣϸֱķ򣬿ʶ̽ѰҲ˵֮˵ġ
ǰ׹𡭡
˵磬ѨԷסǡİ׹Ǽ׻ɢȫ
׹𣬳գ
Ůۻ٣һȣʱԶֳһӰ˾ܲУûղһ֧ûļ
ϸһһۣʮ׻ֻ¶棬ֻȴѰֱۣ׹ǣǺ棬Ȼһ߰׹ãۿɫĻ
׹𣡡
ڳ˽һǰ׹ɽİ׹𣬰׹ɽɽԶ˶֪׹ɽЩԹ
˵׹ӣʳ˵ľԪǴΣɽŮӵľǣǡŮӣǳԪĵӡ
գ±׷ɱȥҵ˲֮˵Ԫ񣬰׹֪ͽ˳ȻŭҲֱɱɽȥ˫ⲻ˳гͻ
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ǺǺǣİ׹ǼζΣ
˿ֻ̣Ǻ棬һ׹ͷһһϣ洫׹ֻͷƤ顣
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ʱɫ𽥱ò԰ףľ׹Ƶľİ׹Ǽ£ÿһ֧Ҫķʮ굽Ѫ׻ÿ֧ϣ׻ǣѰһţʱ
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ʱڻԣԲޱⰵʩ͵Ϯǰ׹ȥӣ̲סֶڰˣʲôö
Сڱǰָֻţ
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ǺǺǡ
׹𷢳һЦ磬˱İ׹޶ʱϽȥɣӲȥֻµˣ

̫һնɽɫâƿնɷǾˣ׹æһܣ̫϶겻̫ɾһأЦٺٵ̫ӣͽܵ˱ľĵɷڻô

̫ӽɽһ߻˹ʱɽȻһ𵴣ǽһ漴ʮ
ֻԶɽ壬һɽâ죬һǿĽϢʱ˹
λȻҪɽǾͶ°գ
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׹ƻ·˵أ䲻˻һѾ׬ˣɽѿڴ˴ֻҪѪ޹顣
ܿ죬׹ѻһưԶˣȥĵطѹȵķ
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Ź˺Ǭҡ˵ȥõɽְȴǽ壬ղŵĴսУһ̨ݻˣͬɽ̨ͤ¥ɵҲƲ
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ʱɫͻȻһףŮ̽ס
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2003 
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2004 پ
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仰֪ں˵ûнӻ滹Ÿղ˵Щ෴ǸҲãǸ̫Ҳգûκιġ

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飬һɫصζҸ㣬飬Ȼص˼òҪ˵
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ζղ䡱ЦЦУ֮ˣԻܡ
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ֻ᲻˵ֻǣͬİ·˼Ǹ
Ϊʲôһֵͷ

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ڣ֮ǰζ·˵Щûпǵһ㣬ʱֻҪȥôȻҪһ졣
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ʱ뵽ģֻǵ֮ǰ̫Ű˻Щ˸߹ģܾǰǿߣЩ˾⣬Ҳûлȥˡ
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ɲ֮øǿˣŲߵ֮Բ̲ص֮ǰ벢ûи߹Ҳûи߹̫Ű˻κһˣûи߹Ҳ֪
ĸодԴ˾֮󣬷ֲƺЩһˣ˼ʱһڵﲻһҲ˵һָо
뵽֮ǰ̫Ű˻˵˸˾⣬ԴΪҵ̫Ű˻ھˣǵʱȥȥ棬Ǻڵ֮ԨҵغڵʱԷȴָҪóߡ
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ĳ˲Ӵһزޣ˲Ҳ͹ȥǧһһ֡
֮ڲܣҲŲ٣⣬ûºˣֻԼȥ̽ˡ
֮ɽɷˣЩѹǱȥˣĳڡ
ջڵİ׹׻඾Ѿϣ޴󰭣⼸գŮΪ嶾ĵҲ١
ЩĹ˸ʮǰѪħشѾȥ˲ûȫãԸĳ͹֮ʱôΪӦĳ͹֮ϲŶԡ
ֹ죬ɽȥѹȿλ𲻿ܶ뿪̫ɽºͻǰѹȣȻһΣҲһͬǰ
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ǰЩ̫ȶҵȲóȻ룬һ𵴣롣
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Щ֮˲ܽˣ˽ȥҪŪ澿˺£һ˻ȫ϶Ƿ̫žس֣ԲäĿӦ֮ߡ
ã˵ҲԼµĵǰһ̽ɱϾ̫Σˣǰʱ˵ˣǲԸԼЩɫĵȥðգǻһЩѰӣֻȥ棬졣
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ȥɡ
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ˡ
ǧҲǣҲ˭Ҳ׼ˣٴνѹȣһΣ¾ûϴôˡ
˽ĿϣǰĿȫǵɽȣû˵ΣյĵطѵȥǰѹȣʲôζеҪһ̽ó뻹Ϊ̫ѪԼһ¡
һΣһɲĸо˼Ѿ֪£һ̤־Ͳлͷ·ˣһ·סҵ֮


2005 Ѫ
˿̣˶ֵɽΧһ飬˵п봫˵ǡ̫žءйأǹ̫žأ֪ȴ࣬Ͼϴ̫žس֣֮ǰˣм˼˵ˣ˶̫žص˽⣬һЩżʹ˵ûȥ
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˽룬̫Σա
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¶˴ҲͬȥΣ
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ǰ󷽣ɹǲɶ࿴˼ۣ㱻һǧӣһ£Żع䲻룬㶢һ￴ᡣ
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İɡһǲǼ򵥵ķˡ
ŮۿŨֵɽȣղһǽȥ֮ٶ޷֪ˣҲԤ֮С

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ȡȣ

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ѾԶղ׹ĵطˣѰǵҲ𽥱٣ǰ治֪ʲôطһŨŨѪԽǰߣѪ֮Խء
Ҹҿ϶壬ʲôù顭
ǧס˿ڱǣѪ֮ѾʼЩ̱ǣζأʹǾˣҲ֪١
һ㣬̫ҵһ֧ǹŵѪҺһɡ淴ѪҺǲݷдı
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ѪصΧÿԶһ֮˿أطˣһĻǧѲɵ΢΢һȻ֮£ôѪأȫѪ


2006 Ѫʬ
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ǧѲͣ£Ϊ׷ɱˣʱԸܵˣղѪʬʲô£ֱȹЩΪžĳϻֲ


2007 
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ȵȡζ档
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ȡȿȣ
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ֱָ죬۵ɱһǶŭֻϣ˲֪˳׷ɱǧѣһɱģ
֮ǰЩ˵ʱʵûжɱζ֮ǣ෴ֻƽƽζҪɱЩˣζɱˣβһˣѪʬش廹ɳ׷ɱһΣҪȥҪȳζҪΪƽأ
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ҲǳھĻµϢȻһЩֲڷ֣־ͷְɣѾôˣ಻ٰʬħѣҪһɣҲˣŮ۶޷ȥһҲзȡ
ҪĻǾͰ컯Ϊҽɡ
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֪ʬħʼļ󣬻ΪأĻþ
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붼˾òѾʶѪʬˣŵȥĻ֮Щ̤ǿ߶ûа취ΨһѪʬģֻ̫ҵѪҲϵѪ
֮⣬͵һ𾪵飬ЩѪĹʬǹЩ˸սģҪЩʬۡѪԪȻһλ̫渴Щȥ̫ѪĿıùλ̫ɹǿѪȻͻȻˣ
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ѡһǼ̨һ˲ȥѪصµ棬ٶҲԲܹ׷ʮðա
ڶôȥÿһѪѪˮڵøӾңĳһ⸽Ĺ忴֮ˣ쳣ȻֲϢܿѪ춯
еַַǣһɲǣ޹̨ȥȻѪĹ棬ʱˣ޴ѪأѪһֲһ˲䣬ѪΧЩ˷Ӧֻһ죬һսЩ׽˹ƣѪﶪȥ

Щ֮˸շһҽУѪ棬һ㽫Ѫζôʱ˹ȥ
һ·֪ɳԶͣ⸽ӦǼ͵֮䣬ɽ֪жԶ϶ǲܻȥˣҲ޷Ӧǧˣ֪Ƿ˳ӳȥ˲ôֻ࣬һ·ǰӡ
ҪȥһطʱԨЩ˿͵ģڤ


2008 ѹ
֪ζҹӣżʹŭķ׷ѰңѾˣû˿δӵģӳˣѪĹʬһĳѪ
ʬٴδѪѾԨλϸ߶ӣЩڡѪһ²Σ׳˺£ѵŮй̫ˡ
죬Ԩһ֧˼ǿ˽䱸ż׷ѰζһգҲӰ㬹ȴֲʣֻǨŭˣЩȫǷһ˵˶ס
֪ζѾȬˣ֮ȻһεĶСѪҲܿ죬вٹ֮ȥģȴǧѡ
ȷҪֱôɱȥ𣿡
ʱѾԨ棬ѪĹʬһˣ˽һʱ䣬Žƻָһ£Ҳ֪ζˡ
񡭡棿
ǧ㣬棬ֻö໤Ӧ޷Ӧζζö㣬Ļжֿܣп̫ܵԶȻҲζˣмнĿܣζˡ
ߣȥ
ٴθܵѪĹʬϢͬʱԷҲܵܿ죬ѪѪˮϷӿƽر߸ߡ
ȥʰǹ
ԥֱӻµħǧѿʱ䣬Ƶӣһ˵ĸо˵ǰλǿߡ

¾ԿԳǿߣЩĳǹϣһģʹѪħۣҲҪһȡ
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һɲǣҲˣȫ˶µһΣ߶ˡ
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̤һƬӿħֱɽȥǧü΢ЩϲӣҲȥ
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һɲǣǼ϶˳Ȼһ˲䣬͸ܵɿµħ¿ǹħϷվŵӰ˶ŵĿɿڴ˭
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£һ̧һɺɫӡȥ±ߵˣŭҲãҲգһ˲䣬ȫҷԨΪ档
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˺ܿ뿪ȼʱǼΪ̤žĹ峤ϻһĻʱĿѣҪǶ˴ҡ


2009 
ºζҵ⡰ڤڣԭطһЩ󷨣Щ֮ͨÿطҪʮָߣܳһƫΪеͨͨһطʮ̫Ĺ֮һġࡱΪҪȥȻλ̫µѪ
࣬ʵڵ֮ĳһƬطӵܹȥ̫ΣգӼ޷ֱȥֻͨ󷨴͹ȥ
ǰڵĿıʺϲĵطڿǵѾˣһɽֻͨڤͣ󷨣޷д͡
ζûȥǧѣΪҪȥ̫ˣֻ౾գйˣȻ˼žǿȥȡѪʱ˺ܾãǧѸһȥðգοȥ࣬ԽԽãʱȣѾûжʱȥǧˣ岼ڸѳɣȻѾǰ࣬Ҫȥ
գڤиžϲڣɱһֱӴ˽ȥǿд򿪷ӡƣȥˣžϸϵ֮ʱֻصʬǽ壬̮ڡ
ûпʲôˣ
ǡһµŮӣ²һ̨ǳ˵á
ԭǰԨߵŮӣͬȻҲ⸽ң
ʵǼǿģһڣжλ̤žǿߣѹָڼߡ
˿žϣһ£һ£Ǻ³ֻΪǼǰԨйصˣ³룬ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫصص֮ǰɽʱƺﴫعϢѵ뵱Ѫйأˡ
ʱ˲뵽пܱǹ˵ˣֲҪȥ࣬ҲҵµѪһҵ롣
ô죿
Ǻ³ҲʼԨǼ޹أԨҲǹܣڤǵʧְ಻⻹ãҪʲô⣬ǿɳе
Ҳ̫š
³ϸ˼һ˵أƾһδ̤ˣȥο滹ǵˡ
ôһ˵³Ϸ΢һЩﻹֲõԤУǼǰԨôδ飬ˣʲôͷ
ֹһ£ǧҲڤ˴ǽһƬ֪ζȻˣСºۼڴˣԶɽ屻һ޴ӡˣȻľΪ
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ʱһɭɭǰ洫˹ֻˣһλ̤žĹǿߡ
ڰǰɵǣڣѲƺضöħ͵۹½Ǽžǿߣкξ壿
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ڣǰ˵񣬾׽סȻȥֲһǰǿز֮ڤ£ûҴ취ܷʹ󷨸ԭЩ󷨣ǹķôŲɵģܹ޸ģ
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Ըˣȥһˡ
³ǧѹȥǧڿɲҸһžǿ߹УŷؾҲֵס峤ϵһָһƣ۶ȫʹΪֱ̤ʱҪԸǰˣ׾١
˿̣Ǻ³϶Ը붯κηӵʽֱôһ죬ǧǰʱһɫӡץ
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ʱ³ϼδαܿԼĹڿʼһδ̤ˣȻܴδαܿĹٶѾˣÿһΣС
ǧҲ۶ǿһֱȥϴɽԪȻƣڵΪǰ˺һʱ䣬һԪģ¾Ͳ׶㿪ˣϣһʦܽǰǸ鷳
һߣ³Ҳüң³ϼžΪɲһǰѪʬһɵվŸ򣬴ʱҲܿ죬йʽȻѪʬѪʬѶԸˡ
ҪѪֻ֮ѪζڸѪ֮޷ֻѪѪ۹£״
³֪ǰѽҲܾӲ֣۹µɷֿʼˡ
ôʱģǶµħҲУˣ³ϲçײżžΪģԪԪľʱذɡ
ʦ磬ҪȻȳ
ʱǧһôȥ϶䣬ϾžǿߣοҵϵѪ֮
ȵȡ
ʱȻܵһǰϢһ˲䣬ͻȻһֱָ³ϴȥһ̫죬񵱳ɽ׹ȥһ֧׹Ǽû³һ⧲ָУѪһѪ󵹷˳ȥȻһָ׼ġѨϡ

³ɫһǧѾһһ⣬һ³ǱߣʱͻȻѹ
˭ڰ
³̽䱸ڰûвȻԷΪ֮ߣֻ֮ϣ֮¡
ҲϢ񣬻ͷȥκӰǸղųģ˭ǻǣǲʱֻ˭


2010 Է
ǧҲһߣղһ˲䣬Ӧ˰ֵˣڵδҲ˵ģԴʦ磬Сģ
ֻƲ㷭ӿת˲䣬һӰѾ䵽⸽һۣòΣΪ֮һɲĸо
Ǻˣ
λ䱸³ϸղ˶ԷһָʱɫȻɷףҲѪڣһʱƬ̣˻ָˡ
Ǻ˵˭ڶλѾƣʱǣͲô࣬뿪
һˣǰͻȻˣĪ⣬֮ǰڣһ±ˣˣһˣʣһѵҪһҲǲܵģ³ٲԥЯ˵³ϣһâ١
ãǺ˲Żǧδ¶ñӣǧѳһָվסǺˣ
ͣ˵Ҳǵˣ˾衭
ʦã˺󡣡
ǰһߣһɺʹֱԭӣǺ˿šȻʹϹħ֮治Ƿˣ⣬˲ٹɡ
üʵ˭
ѵӦ𣿡
˿˷ʣһֵϣӦƵϢšƵԼƵǲ
ԣǧѲһ˭Ϊ֪ʦ˼һݣѵҲǲֻǺܾǰĲ
Ѿܹµǰ˭ˣ̫Ű˻˵ˣһǡĳһ
˶ñһ׷ѩӣ˫ü棬ĿǳͬʱҲһɷĸоղһ¾شǸ峤ϣΪΣѲض˵
Ҹղã̫Ű˻ľġָͨûп𣿡˿˵
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δзɾ裬һ̣Ժȫ֮ǰĻ棬̫Ű˻ǼϣԲΪȸǿűϣ˵ʲôȸ֣޵Сڵ˵Ҫóߣĸģ
˹۾˵ߴԷ硭أ
ʮһ
ܲ˵ɣϸ˵ײʮǵʮĴ
Ѿʮô
Էϣ˫ָ󣬺Ȼ̾ͷʵ֮ʱǿ㽻ʲô
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ֻܷҵ̫Ű˻˵Щǿߣֻߴǰһ𣿡
ҽвԷ磬ҲԷǡ
Է翴һ˵ģֹһˣЩ˵ֻԺ˵ˡ˴˾ʱǾ뿪

ǲǰˣʵҪȥδ̫Ű˻ˣ
Էҡҡͷ⣬Ѿû̫Ű˻ˡ
仰˼ѵ˵ǰйˣ֮ΣҪȥڤˡ
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˵ţǧǱȥˣлҪǧ˵ǧǲˣ
صʲôǲˣ˵ûвߣ˭ȿ˵
ڵĸֻѾȻһղ峤ϲûн֮޸ǹȥˣҪȥࡱĻֻѰ·
Ѿˣ˭
ʱԷ˹ǰ󷨣Ȼ󷨲ٽȥˣתҵһλѣλŮӣһġ
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Ҳ̫ҡҡͷȻ˵ζȥʲôֵ뿪ɡ
·ϣʲԷôҵģηϢģԭһʱԷѾ֪ˣΪϴ˲ˣͬҵ̫ѪһһԶԷܹӦòޣöԷҵλá
ǵߴܹӦϵĲˡԷ翴ʱЩţ͵ʣ±
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ĵΪ죬ʲô˻ûʲôáǶȥͶˣϮҲһ¶⡣
˴Է΢΢һЦȻǰһȥ֮ʱ̫Ű˻ˣѾɢˣֻ̫ص˵Ρ
һʣǲأ
͸˼ˡȥʱ򣬻ûˡ
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ԷȻüѵھ⣬֪𣿡
ʲôգʱǧԣ̲סһ졣
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ԷָȻҲ֪ô£ʵȻҵˣǲ˵˵ǧǰ˭Բֽţʹ˴˺ÿⲻ˱֮֡
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ȵȣ˵ȸĸȸֻ̫صǡЩţĵôҲڵҪԷĵزɣ
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Է翴ʱѾˣôֻ̫صȸ˵ȸȻָ̫Ű˻˵ȸˡ
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óԷķǳżǹҪǰװһĲģ
ʵ˵ˣͲˣͬѲһȻѲġ֮ԴˣѲǿи˻
Էǳϣƾޣܰ쵽˵ֶΣû뵽
Ҫ˵ѵ˵ǲΪ˺ľΪˣ˳˯Ȼ⣬֮
̸ЩʱһΣǧԳĬˣʵһ⣬˼Ǹȸ˭
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ȥ֮ǰǰʱһֱҪֱɵˣ
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عͷԷҪȥ࣬λѡ
ԷҡͷΣգҪȥҿȥڲУҪһز࣬м£ȵٸ㣬ҪҲڲףȵ֮Ի㣬¹
ʱ˵ô棬棬ȥȥɣе۹ºͶµħҲ޾κˣֻǲںδôһȥ֪ʱܻɽ֪Ůǣ

˵ζս󷨣ֻоһתͷʹѣ֫ٺƶһ㣬ǰʲôҲЩµѺ֮һǰ𽥱ʱѾ֪ںεء⸽أصİ׹Ǻλ꣬뵱ǧѽħؼƣûЩµħ꣬ͬһط
ûߴĻӦþ̫ʮ׵֮һġࡱˣһ̫Ĺ棬ҲѰҡ
ٹŮ˵ʮ̫ĹÿһĹĹǸʱǿ֮ˣλ̫棬Ҳ̫Ĺ
㾡סϢù˷֣ļ£һֱиŹˣ˵ɽˣųء壡
ʱоһɼϢ֮䣬ҲѪһƬЩεڿе꣬ҲХ֮ڶ̫Ĺ⸽Զˡ
գǧѣҲѾԷ磬˲ԭһɳǣΪࡱĴɶ


2011 
Լ˿򣬲Էǳس֮գɽϼвݡ
£ѲǰˣҲδɶپ裬ɾ棬ɾ֮ڲɽϣ棬ɹڣϼɣЩǧѾٹˣҲ档
ʵտԸЩ𣿡ԷҲ˵ԣֻһ·ǡҪҪϢգ
ǧѵǾϢհɡ˵ţһۣҲգϤһǡ
Է˰סޣҹʱ࣬ǧ͵͵ķ䣬ִƣѷŹ
ôˣ
صӣʱûʲô쳣֮ǧѳ˹Сܸоֵֹģûоã
ûзһЩرֵĵطսʱӦһϢǲϢϴŵĲߣЩӦﻹĲɣҲС֣ȹվ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪òŲԷĻߴҪ˵ĻԷôһЩԨԴϾ麣棬ȥѰұߵʱ½쳤ϣ½һ̫Ű˻Ĺ֮⣬ԷǲϹߣϾ˲֮
ȸֵô£ΪҪ
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һŵûµģѾѹЩѺˣ˿޾򣬼ʹɽɽԶ٣ŮһܹӦģ˵Ҳˡ
ǺðɡһŮۻǧѱˡ

֮󣬲ԷȥһؾǧҲһ𣬱ԷǲǧһģƫҪţ˵ǲʦֿԷûа취Ҳֻôһˡ
ؾ棬ȫһ󷨣ܵһʮֲͬѰϢǲϢһûѵĻһλֻ˭ϣ
ԼʱԷһǼ̳ĵطڼ̳ģΪһŨ֣ʲôֻԼԼüеӰ棬ƺ޷뿪ܵĲϢǴ洫
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Էһֻ֣
ǧ΢΢һû뵽ȻǳĹԷǳĹ
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ǧֱӵһۣˣһȫ𣿳һ廹̫Ű˻˵ҲˣŰڸȻȥɱķ

Էҡҡͷ˵Ϊ˸ģˣ˵̫Ű˻˵ˣܹǱΪֻ̫ص𡭡
˵˴תͷһ֪̫Ű˻ˣʵѾֻ̫صһ˰ɣ
⵹ǲ֪ԷǺܾԶǰˣһΣǳ½̫Ű˻ˣǲ𣬳ܹ̫Ű˻ˣȻⲻ˱ĽһΣ˶㣬ңԲ⡭
ҪȥһѾȥˣǧѿʵ
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롣
ʱԷһԿʲôΪ˴ǣѾ˾Ԫ񣬵䣬ֶΣһԪԣǿԸġ
һ꣬ѰңʱԷĻû©ǧԼʣãұԣܹǣҪθЩ꣬õʲôֶΣ
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ںͣ棬һʲô⣬뽫߽Լ棬һûи

Ǽ̳棬ͳµ̳һ𵴵øӾˣЩ󷨣ǿҪһ
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ȸҪԲˣĲˣѣںڵ֮ԨڵҲ֪һУȴʲôҲû˵ֻԼҪóߣΪһó̱֪Լǵʮ
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ǧһѪӿΪʲô˵ңҶ˵ˣ˶⣬㻹
Էһ˱ƽ˹Ҳɱ㣬㲻ףм˳ڴˣжأҪôɱ㣬ʹ˳ҪôҵʮңеĲߣӺζ˭
˭ãھ͸㡭
ͻȻɫҲһһʮҵĸףΪǺֻ̫صǵ¡ҵĸףҵ棬һ
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һɿµĺڰʱؾһ̣ԷҲ̲ס


2012 
Է磬㻹ڵʲôɱ
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Է޵֮ˣȻв֮壬ʱҲȻ׽ӽǺʬħϢԪҲȾ
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һ죬Է߰ѷɽ߰ѷɽࡢȡơ̡ࡢϣɫ죬һѳལһ磬ֱն
Ȼƾһѽʬħɷֱǳ˵ΣһѽǰʱͣסҲǰΧɷбȾ֮ơ
ǧں濴ţҲоɫһ벻ʬħѾô£ʦ֪֪
ǡ
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Է״һһ֣ǰµɽҲһ˹ȥ֪ɽпܱԷʬħȾڲ۱ʱ
߰ѷɽǲԷǧųɣһնЩɵҲӲӣϵãʱ߰ѷɽȻ˿޷ȥԷʬħɷԷ׽ܲ£󱻺Ⱦȫˡߡһ㣬Ȼ޹⣬ҲήҲѵȫ׹ϡ
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Է۶ֳиһ˲䣬ǧѽˮѽһɳâֱԷȥһ֮Я֮ƣ֮£ǧҲѵС
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Է֪ʬħ̫ǿˣܵѴʱǧˮһǰѽһգͷ⣬Ծȥ˵˼̳ԵԿʬħ
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ļ٣֪Ǻ֮ʱȻһҵ𵴴Χɽ壬סʱɣͻ𵴣ƺԼ̳ҲԵصףϡ
ģ̌ͷϿȥֻ֮УȻһѺۣˣʱ뵽⴦ؾǲԷһԽ飬Ȼؾ⵽󷨣Ҫ֮飬̸ףʱж˭棿

һ˲䣬ԷӦ˹ϵѺۣ֪ôˣ벻Ů˾Ȼ沼µ󷨣θģ
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ʱϴһŮӵǴؾ洫ǧ֪ˣؾ󷨣϶ƻˡ
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ϵӰǸղŲԷеʱǧѴؾһǣҲܹؾˣ֪һɷʹѾµ֣ʱԲⰵһ
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ҲȻͳģ˫ѪӰ𽥱֮Ӱȡǵڹɽյ٣֮Ӱȴ
Уȫֳ֮Ӱʱϵʬħɷˣʬħٴ˯ǧ˿ʱԥѸǰһѽץϷȥʦ磬ߣ
˴ؾһӺ׷ȴǲԷҪӣų˷ɽ׷ûʬħɷҲǿ࣬ʱҲһһѲԷķɽֵסˣѷɽڿУһɫ⣬һɫ⣬졣
ɫĽ⣬ȻųˣǧҲôˣʦ磬һķ϶˳ȥӳؾʱֻʬǽ壬¥̮˴룬£Χ˸һɶﻹʱǸɾˣ
Ҳ֪ĺˣǧһۣУȻӶԷ綷ִЩģɱȴһҲ
ǻߣϷߣ졣
ֹŲԷ׷ǧҲôˣʦȥ˲ʱֻسݵ϶ҲɵˣҪҪ󷨡
һ֮ǧѾ뿪˲ĵؽ磬ʱҲָһЩԪǧѣؾ棬Էˣǰһֱ۶ǿѹƣҲ˰ٻ¶ʱڻ֧ŲסˣһѪӿ˳
ѡ
ţڶһԪסƣȶ˹ˡ
һͳˣš
ǧѲ˲ǵѪа룬̫֮ˣ취ٽ۶ͻһ㣬ֻǿֻΣա
޷ƽ뵽ڲؾ棬Щ飬ףѵûЩ꣬ʲôΪδ
ʦ硭
ǧתͷʱӣ֪һ飬ʵ֮ǰҲûʦ۸ӡ
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һֻܾȥЩ£רҪ飬ȸһһӣڣôˣҲ̫Ű˻˵Ҫʲô޹ء
ǧֵǸˣ϶ȸˣû˵ķߣһҲʲôˣô٣ʦ磬˵أ
հѻ˵֮ʱԶȻƮһСãڱ˱˵еŶ
ͻȻת˲Ҳˣɽ䱸ʱԶ߽ĺŮӣڲɾӳ
һϼʱųִ߷ֽΣһѵɫĻɡΧлӰ֣ɡָϸ̵ۣһ㣬Ⱦһ˿


2013 Ĺ
ʦ磬Сġ
ǧ̵ǰ棬࿴Ůһۣ㱻Էǽģסһ
ģýζˣ˵ҲתˣСãؽţҶǣûж⣬෴һһء
䲻ȵصÿ˵ĳֻ֣ɺϣ˵Ŀġ
ĿģǺǡ
һЦʱڱҵĿģֻһǾòԷļƻʧܣ˳
ԣ˼ķ֮Դĵ֮Уò˲˥ÿһⲻ˱֣֮һȻ͸ˡֲһ䣺Ҳʲôö
ƴʱΣûźͲԷһʵ޿֣ҪԷļƻ޷УǾ͵ԼˣΪԼ˸˳ֻҪԼôԷļƻͽԶ޷ȥֹڴˣò׻ָʶҲһһš
ʱĻҲһģЩ޹صҲΰǵڲ͵͵˵ֽţֻ񡭡
ȵȡ
ʱǧѴĻüʵ֮Դεģʲôϵ
Ǻǡ
һЦûκιϵ˼ˣҵֶΣҪŪ֮Դ𣿡
ԭɱңҲЩȥĲһֻû뵽ҾȻֶΣˣ˻
ǰû뵽һô󣬲ҵֶΣˣ˵ʵɣ˼ķҶϵԼ뷨šҲһҲһ˼ɣ
ȥԣҵҵģ
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Ҳ֪ˣһȸһȸôһ°ѵ˻ȸı˳ݡһ˹ȥĶûȥ
סı飬濴˿ֻعͷ㲻飬㲻֪˼ȸȻѴ㣬ؾûк֮ģͬҲûС
˵ţ߽ЩԷ϶ƭǣ˵ҰһĲȫɱ˶ԲԣƭǣЩȫͶ̳ˣԸɱģҡ
˴ǧѲЩľԷĿģҪҪȡ
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˵ţ˹ȡһǲߣα£ӲԷûģ
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߱ҪߣֵߣԷ׷ɱǰˣһҵõ㣬ڵĴ˵Σա
أ
Ϊһȸ㰲ȫˣԷ֪ȸҲɱ
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ˣǧѱǰߣȻȥĿ⣺Ҳ볢ʬħζ
ԣһȻͣͲԷһҲ޵֮ˣʬħˣΪٸߣǷ֮ҲһʬħڲԷѾʶˡ
ȵȡ
ס˵ʬħܿͻˣһ̤а취֮ѹƣ㲢ǳˣȥȸа취ʹͻڵ̤뷽֮
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ǧһϲŮۣķȥֻһ˲仯һµŮӣһȾȻŮۡ
˴ɽôңԶιģˣøʦ磬ܹӦڣʦһ뿪ѹЩѺۺܹ𽥸Ӧˡ
ʱŮۺȻҲһ漴ӯӯЦԭŮۣŮ۷ɣŲһ
ȸҲǡ
Ůߵߣ޾˵СҲṳֹ̂뷽֮˾ôЩȻ˴˼ûҲ˵ŮۺȻ֪˴ˣֻûʲô
һûŮǹż
û¡
ҡҡͷں棬ô޼䣬Ƕ˹ϵ˺ã
Ůۼֻǧˣζʵζأ
£ǧѱ㽫һ˵ˣڴˣûйϸ˵ֻ˵ζȥˡࡱ
Ů۲ԥ漴ãȥࡣ̫׵֮һΣգ֪ζ棬ҲܲܣգҲȥһˡ
ȵȣ࡭
̸Ҫȥǵ׵أ֣ȥʲô
תղû˵Ҫȥһ𣿡
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Ѿʮ棬ǵ׵أ£⵹ãֱӸԷʡȥ鷳ˡ
ΣյĵطҲȥ
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˵ֻһȥ˵ʲôŮ۰סļ򣺡շǳһˣһΣա֮ǰҪͬ⣬˿Ҫһȥ࣬Ǿȥɡ
˱㲻飬Ǳ߷ȥ·ɽǱߵŮüɫأȻɽǱߵֹۡ
Ǿһγ֣Ƕ˼йء
ʱȻڣŮ۲ͬǣŮ۲˼ˣȴǴ˼ģ˽˼䡣
ȸкμ⣿
Ůۿһŵ̫žس֣¶б䣬ԭֻǲ²⣬˼ǸӡйأҲ˵˼ķӡŦ˶ˡ
˴ǧѵɫҲ˿ԣ֮ǰƲⲻıϣǴ˼ģһѪˣֻ벻һȥɣ
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˵˴ҲΪ̫ûȥˣǸմ˼Ӧ֪±ߵɣˣ϶˴һ
Ŀ⣬ҪԼһҡҡͷ˵ܲҪ˵п˼ķԸţ飬죬ĺ˻Ⱥڸ¡

˵ζи˹弸£оһɼϢǰ棬֮䣬ҲѪһƬЩεڿе꣬ȻϷľХ̫֮Ĺ⸽ԶˣС˼գȻҵһĹڡ
Ĺһ׵Ԩ棬ǹҲ޷ȥҵˣȥ˺ü̽죬ȫˣ˲֪ҪҵĶ棬ҲóȻȥǵΪȥҲ
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ʱձѪһƬȾѪһѪÿ϶ӳѪ죬ȥЩ£Щεؼ꣬ҲÿֲԨ֮£ϳ֮û˸ټˡ
ζڰҲоˣλ̫µѪȻԨµĹ浽ʲô˿ֲҲ֪ڰ۲˺Щ죬ʱðȥĹ֮ˣȫˣûһġ
ô죿ѾƳﻢǲܵģòƴҲҪһԣô죿û˲Ҳ⣬οҪȥҪȥңѾݽˣһȫҵҲ˥˶ȥ
£ڰ۲˼գԨµĹ䲻֮Щ֮ĳֽƣĹˣĹӦȥŶԣĹˣ᲻ǵλ̫棿
ʱҵʱֵƵķȥ˲ˣȴĹҲ޷򿪣þһа취޷Ĺ
ֹ죬ڽգЩƺҵһЩ˵ѪһܰĹ򿪣λž棬ȥʱζǣʱ˷ˡ
һָžǿָͿ£ζ̨ɿһǸһɽ𱻴÷顣
ԭ㣡
ų˫һʱµҲ뵽ˣǰ󷨻ˣضǰŪģ벻һ·͵͵
ãûط㣬㵹Լ
ųȫӿҪζɱȴȻס֣ȵȣ֪ôˡ
˿̣壵Ŀһζϣòȷ˵ǵѪҲδܴĹѪǾһܹ򿪣ϣŵ˵ġѪ


2014 ̫Ѫ

˷ӦζѪĹʱԥһζ˾̤ž֮ʹζٽӽ䷽֮˵Ķ֣
˹һ˲䣬̨һȥˣУųߣұߣΧ֮ƣסȥ·
˹Ǽɵ˴ĹˣҶôʽټҪζֱӱͨˡ
ζһԽеǽ̨ܹ磬ܣУ㶷ȥԪľʱ֣֮³ΣղѾˡ
壣ˣ
ΪҪߣԸԭסζҲĹȥһұ˿϶ɹζץסһŵĻᣬֱ̨˹ȥ
סûϵûӣֱӳԨȵ·ȥһĻڳ˲׷ȥǵµ

ȻҲû뵽ΪҪȥϾֱĹȥζһҲȷʵգĹĿֲЩҲʶˣȥʮǴ˿̣Ѿû·ߣãã׵棬ӵù˵׷ɱȻˣǸɴһݣƴһѣ
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ųһ˲Ԩ׷һζȻֳһɫӡֱץȥһͻȻʹζ̨ٿ죬ҲЩԷסĶ࣬ǹųҲ¾ĹˣʶҴղһ£˵Ѿסˡ
ȥɣ
ųؼǿסԴգƭζģǧʱͷ
ųءСģ
ʱһӰǹҲͬųһ죬һӡ֣뽫ζסһ£Ǳζ㿪ˡ
ۼǵµĹԽԽһ֮ˣǿųغ͹ΪˣһɲǣҲ׹̶£һȫԶõĴ
ζѾǵµһѪˣĹڣ˴Ľƣ˵ˣʮžˣҪǿͻĹƣҲ·һ
ˡҪȥ
һأųغ͹ɫǲ֪Ĺ浽ʲô֪һԷУǱˣǴ˿̣ǰԽԽأζ֮ضɻҶԼϾΪȾ磬ۼ볤ôһ֮ңˣ˲ϧԼĳ̶ֳǱȷ˸öࡣ
Ĺǰζֻܶƴһˣһ̣Ժˣүүģģһգ޵ӣȻʦ𶫻ɾʦλʦ֡
󣬳Ժģģе˼ʱģҲӡ֮ˣһӦңȥң𡭡
ͷ£ζҲԥˣĹǰһգͬʱָһâȥһѪӿѪʱһ⣬ȫ֣ȻĹѪȥ
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ȥ
ۼѪҪųغ͹ԥչΣ˻ȥֻ˼Բˡ
ͬʱڼԶ֮أһһ˲䣬ͻȻеĿһʹֻ̧ĵѪ֮ӡ˸Ժζľ֮ԣˣһӦңȥҡ
ʦ磬ôˣ
ǧѼȻɫɷףּѪ֮ӡ˸Ѳζˣ
亹乣ĵѪ֮ӡѪ֮ӡֻζ಻ԶͬʱζѪʱѪŻ֣ζôԶѪҲֳˣôΨһĿܣֻζˡ
ζ
亹꣬ɫҲò԰ղǹѪĸо
ʱʱҲʼֻǽζѶѣڸղһ˲䣬оζˣһɲǵʹѪõĸоζ츸ĸûԵѪԵϵǣȴͬʱӵ̫Ѫ֮ˣĳ̶ֳӦǱøҪ׽Ŷԡ
ôˣ
ŮۼʱӣҲµһЩ̧ͷ˵ζܳˣ㣬ٿһ𣿡
ԣŮҲüһ˵ٿĻֻˣ̫ΣգΪܲס˺֮
󣬱ȥ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ʱӣԼ֣Ҫˣֻó飬Ů۵ŮۣҺӦܱ֤ˡ
ˣлȸˡ
˫Ҳôˣ±Ů۹ͬʩ˾ѷЩ̤ˣҪպףֻҪΣգʶǵ֮ˣҲա
һɲǣ飬һ˵ӰͬʱʧˣٴγʱѾǼԶ֮أһλֱӵ࣬Ͼ̫ԶҪպüΣܵÿ̫ŮۺֻʩչһΡ

˵ζĹ֮к󣬱ʧȥʶʱһѪ⣬޸ľղһ£ʹ̨໤Ҳ壬˲ˡ
ʱһʶ棬һĻһĻηΣ֮Ρ
ҽζ֪¡γƺ
ա
ƺЩ⣬ǡɣ
һʱĳȻоԼһֱ׹䣬ֻص˵ĻȪŵأǲյĵص·ЩľֻһǻȪŵأδ뿪
ʶҲ΢ˣǷеֻǻǻ֮⣬Ҳˣ磬ֻʣºڰȻʲôҲܲˡ
֪ȥ죬һѪ⣬޸ĵطһʱʶָˣۣ֪ԼںδԺҲһƬģǵ÷ʲô˺þãָ֮ǰƴĹ˽ûѵĹ
ܺģһЩ׻𸡶΢Ĺâ꣬һ׹ĻȪŵأˣղμˡ
ڵ壬ȻԶ˲֪ãǿߵö·޹̨һԣЩȻ޹⣬ֹ̨һȫжʱСǰ̽ȥ
뵽̫Ĺ֮һҴ⣬֪˴Ĺ˭ʱѾܹӦһѪϢǰԶ
ǰãĹѾԶط̮ˣ޷ͨÿһסĵطֻУһԹһ֪˶á
˳һ˿ѪϢĸӦһߴѾоѪϢԽԽˡ
Ĺ治ǳ·ʱţҲ仺࣬ĹģԭûĹˣĹѲˣǹտյģײĶˡ
˭ҵĹ̫Ĺˣ
֮ǰһ·ϣ˲ٿݹǣ֪һЩĹ֮µģһЩ֮˵ʬǣ֮ǳСġ
ѪϢ⸽ˣҲҲ뵽ӦԭûĹˣ˭˵Ĺһǵˣ
˵ҲδؼһġֻߣĹˣû֮һУҲ֪ô£֪λ̫µѪڴ˴
֮ȻҲ̫Ѫڣ뵽Ѫ֮Ȼ˷ЧѪʱǹ餺ȻܾѪۣȻһѪ⣬һѪԪһξѪ˹Ϸ
ҵˡ
ζϲʤû뵽ףҵ˵λ̫µѪǻû˶ãһ̣һ֮ͻȻӹĹӿɢȥĳַӡһĹҲֹһѪֱʡ
һɲǣֹԨ棬Щ˿һѪ⣬̫֮ܵط棬ЩħͷԸܵˣ̫֮
˴ǵ֮䣬һڸ;УҲ֮ܵѪ֮ӡ˷Ӧ
ǿ
ŮҲס˺ȻǶܵˣ⸽ˣԼЩˣȻܵˣܿᱻֻкܶն
ȥǵøôĶ𣿡
ǧҲܸܵѪ֮Ͼǵλ̫µѪǿ֮ˣȻѾȥô꣬Ѫ˿ֲ
һľʱ˸ܹӦѪ֮Ѫ֮֮ǿζܳܵסһܲס
ԣӦÿǵģζܷס̫Ѫǽ˽ܿ죬Щħͷնһָоһսˡ
һ뵽Ǹ棬һȺ𾳡ž֮˻ս㲻ܰƬն顣
ħۡ
һɲǣŮɫȻҸӦˣħˡԣһϢޣǿ


2015 ںѪ
ħۣҲˡ
ȻҲʶħۣһǰ߳ƵѪ˸췭ظΪ˹ͬ棬ȴܻΪѣ߻ΪҲɡ
ˣȥ࣬ߡ
Ů۸ԥ̴ǧѣȥ֮ѾܽˣܹһѪ⣬һɼǿѪϢķ⸽ЩžǿߵϢҲڸˡ
ʱȻвǵӿǹɿµħϢ⸽޲ľҲҪһ㡣
ħˡ
ŮۿǺӿķһ̣ԥȫһӦս׼һαѪħش˵ڶûкء

Ǻ棬һЦⷽԲߣеһϣȻഫ˴Ķֹˣ⸽ߣҲˣйˣԭ̫׵ųƽ˿ؿˡ
Ůۣ
ѸٱƽȻ棬ֳһߴӰȫħ֣üһѪӡģ¡
ļˣʱħֻۣǰħ۵һƾԪѣ㲻ϣʱɽһǿ߶Ǵ˶֣ǿŮԼ֮ǿʤɼħ֮ǿѰƥУԸƵۣ
ħۡþòš
Ů䱸Ŵˣһڴʱסˣȸӣȥ࡭
ʮħӰȻΪҲͣħ۶ϣɺͲԷ罻֡
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һ̣ħ۾Ȼ˳Ŀ⣬ǣºڣ
ڹɽģԶ֮ħһƾԪսʱħΪǶ£ħ۷ˣֻǶµĲ
ϵħۣߵҲᡮ¡ĸ֣

ħһ𴦣ħѹأֱӿŮۼ״һƣһϣӿħֵ⣬ߡ
Ҳԥˣɲħ۶ϣϵζΣʱҲ˲ڴħŮۻ㽫ٻԶԸħۡ
ת˲䣬Ѿǧѽ࣬ԭ⸽ǽأһԽڿȥƺƼֻ࣬һЩѺۣҪмɣ߱Щε꣬ԽԶԽá
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á
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ڣһԨȸԨȵ³Ѫ⣬֪Ĺڣζڶں̫ѪʱΣƺеòô˳
ʱĴҲˣвһЩ̤žĳϣ˫⸽죬գŮҲˣħۣԼˣ½½ˡ

ŮߣԨȵ¿һۣѪ֮ǿʶҲ޷̽ȥȻûκܹµȥ
Ҳ²ȥգζһѪĹǿдȥһܶöµħɽѾͬգҪȥĻƱرζҪΣյöࡣ
㲻ȥ
ţҲȥðգֹ˼գԽԽˣĳ˶ˣճɽ͵Ϯ˻һİ׹ɲѪˡ
ϣѪа֣ȴǷ֣ǲѪ֣˫ֺʮȾѪϹŵǴ顱һſűѪȾѪѪͷ
ħۡѪ֣˶͸Ȼư׹ȵǿߣǲӰ죬Щδ̤뷽֮ˣʱԶȴ̸Ϣ벻Σôഫ˵
ϵħ𣬼ʹΪҲЩôˣԷ϶Ҳ
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ʱԨ·һ𵴣һɿֲϢӿ˶ȥ˿ѪԨȣϢ
ζ
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ʱֻ̧ĵѪ֮ӡ˸ǧѼ״ʵʦ磬Ҫȥ𣿡
У
סǴ˵е̫Ĺƺ£ȥǿҲֻлҷ³οһδ̤뷽֮ˣ
ұȥ
ѪԨȣֻһѪȻǵĹ½ƣֻѪˣƾѪ֮ĹûдѪ֮ˣȥɾѪȥҲ쳣ա
סֻԨȥѪɣһļҪˣôԷļƻֿԼˡ
ʱħۡѪ˼ԨȥҲһֻѪ˸黨ָһѪɫdӡԨȴȥȴӲǱѪ֮Σһ£ǰ˾ȥ
Щ˼ȥˣʱҲֻܸżǻûҵȥİ취ȻǵУѪɱϾҲ֮ˣȻܹҵͻĹѪƵķ
ڣȴ˽ȵˣżѵǵðλԶ𣿹˱˴˶һۣˣѾȫǵԤϺƿأҲֻˡ
˵ƴžһΣգȫѪ֣ǿдĹȥҲͬζһȫ˺ѣԪ⣬ʧȥʶ
ز´˷ӡ֮ˣ뷨ǲҪѪһҪ̤뷽֮˵أ˲ںѪζδ̤뷽֮ǿʵ֡
Ĺζȫ£Ҳ޷ѪںϣѾƳﻢɹսֻ·һʮòײҵ̫Ѫòҵ˽֮ȥ
ĹѱѪȾ죬һ̫Ѫʼζüģ޷ںѪѪҪһˣ˱֮ǰûпǵġ
ΪƾһˣԽ̫Ѫںϣ̫͹̫Ѫˣһֱ̤뷽֮ѪͬǧѪôںϵģ
ѾЩܲסˣȥضʹȥЩĿǰȻҵһ֧Ѫò˶ãȻܹҵͻĹƵķʱȹЩ֮ˣ̫ѪᱻԷߣҲɡ
ʱӦһϢͷһʯ£գѭѪϢӦĹҵΣҲ΢΢һζ
ˡ
ζ˵Ҳѣԣȥǰʵô
ζ亹Σǿ˵Һ̫ѪںϣзǳѣֻҶ˵ѪʧܵĻ˴㲻ټ˵ˣ˶֪ʧܵĽΡ
֪ˡ
ԥˣҲֻˣںѪο̫ѪѰ֮£һţζٲ
֮˸ˣŮֺħۻѪϴε˻δȬ˵Ķ֣һߣĳҲȻûг֣ҪûŮһǳȥĺûᡣ
ڹЩˣ֮ǰ⸽ǷһϹۣ˴췭ظǺĳֲɸ˵顣


2016 
֮˸ˣû찵أ޹⣬ʶôȥǴһ꣬ԨȵµĹҲԼ򿪣Ȼˣȥʲôãһʲô
ǰЩˣȫ˵һȥЩ˴򶷣һҲ֣ڵȴʲôһ
ڣѪħ۶˻ԼǱȥŮ˻ȥվһһ˶ԸѪħ۱ͳҲŰĳԷŻ͵Ϯ
˶˻ԼǱȥΨǧѻ˼սϸҲһħħۣС׼ˣǵǧһ·ɱʱԡ߲ơ˵١
Ӳˣ
û뵽Źȥʮ꣬ʮԣֱͷ˹ȥһû𣬵ԷΪ˿£벽𾳵ΪȻвˡ
ˣ
ǧָһˮֻһն˹ȥٸղų˿򲻸ӲӣæһˣָݺݵĪΪҴ򲻹㣡
ϻࡣ
ǧ˪ǳ׷ɱȥȴûע⵽ѾǱˣȫˣȥѨٵȻҪǱ
ѡ
ۼǧѾǱȥˣŮЩģȻҳ£ǧȺȲ
˭Ϊ׷ٴ򣿡
Զǵˣǧ׷ɱһĻ˹˵ٻԶȲħۡѪЩǿߣҲСֻ벽𾳵Ϊ֮£е֣ǡ߲ơģûлһµġ
б¾͸
һ߶նĽ⣬һ߽ǧǱȥȵǱߣȻʰ
ߡ
ǧ˼ͻȻָһһĨˮʱ⻪ʢһ˳ȥٰæһźҪߣһǽ͡һѪĽһֶնˣҪǶһ£һֱӰ˶롣

һҽУϱ۴ѪעҪҲ˲ǶϱںδˣһѪԶȥˡ
Ȼûʲôϵŵ׷ɱӲܣЩҪ֮ʣǧѼջˮһһƽ⣬ɻŮߣЩˣŲ׷ɱ
ڰ׹ȫעŸղһУĿ⻹ǧϣСӵͦģ۶ú
ѣ
Ů۽ߣΧζҲ֪ʲôЩձضи˵ʱ̴ⲻá
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ǧѿŸղߵķոնһֱۣ·ڳ˿ڶҪǵʱ˵ôأҲкҹ¡
ֹ˼죬ԽԽ࣬ЩȻѲʼüңͻ⣬һֱĳѪħ۵ˣҲڵʲôᡣ
ŮڵĴ˵ʮֲ硢̫ӵ˶ɽǱߣ˵ƹ£Щ죬Ѿĳɱˣһʼڰİ׹𡭡ڣ۴Σգζûʱȥ
ʵĵģħۡѪĳЩˣ˵ףЩҲֻǳģĵǸ壬ʱԷԽǲԽ˵潫дǳζȥġ
գʼջˣλǿߣλݻΪǹųܱȵģѪħλʱԶˡ
Σ
ǿļžϢ˶ĬĬԶȥ
˱СϵΪһλܱȵģ£˱㽫˵һ飬֮󣬹Ҳһ˿ԨȵѾƿĹ
һҪǿĹųͬһЩˣһҶɣųת˵λ˺пߣݹֲ
һʱΧֲۣǰʱ䣬ǰԭڵеĸǰڹˣǱһ˰Եˣ˹ȥˣ

ԶǱߣħ۷һЦȻƾǣҪִΣ
ħϵħʹ˾Ϣǲǰ˵ħۺѪʵǿǲǰɣ
ϼħ۷϶δһ˵³Ҳֻһ𡣡
һΧһ±ñ˪˰Ե˶ǵ֮䣬Ҳ˵֮أûаֹϵɣ
ԡʱ棬һ˸˵ոǽħ۲δֻͷһЦĿһã۾ͿҪĹְɣ
Զ˶ס˺ħۣһ꣬ԭҲΪУҲѹ֣һΪ̤֮ˣع壬жټžǿûг
󡣡
Źһ£֮߷ͬʱһɫĶССһٶЩɣֱһݻЩһѪɷ֮͸治ȫѪɣ
Զ˶ľǲ¶ˣЩ棬Ѫ˼ȥվԡѪĹɷԭҲͬζѪĹ
󣡡
֮ˣٲԥɹϽ󷨿̻Щ̽ѪȥѪһƬһʱŵ˲١
йѪǧѼֲ֣ѪأֲһĻʶˡ
Щ̫
ŮüԽԽζǹĹںѪЩȴҪǿĹȥһЩ˽ȥζΣˣô죿
ųǲ壬Ĺϣ˵Ϊʮֿ£һпɣˣټӹųЩˣܶùЩˣǣһţǶһŵĺûô򵥡
ʱѪ󣬹ȻĹɷһһѹȥΧ˲һֶδҲֲ̫˰ɣ̫Ĺɷܸѹȥ⵽ʲôѪʲôѪ
Ҫ֪ѪɲѰ󷨣ڼõѪǾ͸ѰѪˣ̫ܽĹɷѹȥ
ʮۡ
Źһ˷ĹӲԥּʮѪ浹ѪѪѪһ㣬Բʮʱ񺿣죬ʵľ
ȻʮѪļ룬ĹɷǱѹȥһʱ䣬ǿн̫Ĺ򿪡
Զ˶Ϣǿдһ̫Ĺòϣʵ֮ǿӹɣ˺ܶ˶޷飬ǲ顣
ʱҲ뿴Ĺ浽ʲôǿ̫Ѫ֮ǵ֮ڳˣħ۶ҿȥҿȥǿˣֻʱ㱻ļžնɱˣûκΣ˭˼ʵǿأϸ˼ҰԵ
ˡ
ۼѪĹɷѹȥŮ۰һĹر򿪣ʱҪξˣ
ʦ硭
ǧҲָô죿ʵ̫ǿˣôžǿߣ˭ǣο֪һӿֲ飬ЩѪŵԶѪʬ彫ЩѪʬҲ˹ǿ¸ܵˡ
ŮۣΣ
ʱҲʼЩ飬޹ϵ˿Ĺ棬йϵˣΣ
ŮüΣĴ㣬Ƕһš


2017 Ĺ
ʱڹĹζŬںһ̫Ѫ˫ԣ߱˴
һ̫Ѫһλ࿹ľǿ߱ԪȻʱţѾȥ꣬ɴбԪ̲ϴ֮ܽںϣƱһ̤뷽⣬ɿ֮ա
ȻһѪܹںϵģ˾һǰδеֻȥ˰£棬˷·Ѿȥʮ꣬꣬ǧ֮á
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洫˾𵴣ȻʱţѪ󣬼ĹǿпζʱȴѾ洫춯ˣһ̫ѪѾֻƣӸüģһֱ͸Ԫ
ƣġӯ꾣š
һɲǣѾپĹǳлȻһ壬ģǳѾˣ·Ѿڡ
ζһҲһǰδе֮һλƳ˯ǿߣƾһ֧֮Կ𡭡λǿߣԼǺܶ
洫ԽԽңĹĽƣʱᱻƿʱ䣬һһţĹеĶˣȴǹȥǧ֮ãһɲǣͬʱһɼԶ˵𣬷·̧־㣬ǳ
Ϊ
ʱпģĴĲζǶԷģǳʱģζеĵӰζеĵӰԼ
һ̣ζΣζģһɰѪ֮һλǿߣģҲĵӰλǿ߾ڵ
ͬģǳҲڵ
˵ѪϢ͸˳ȥں̫Ѫᶯһ˲䣬˶ܵˣĹϣһ䣬ֻܸܵһʮǿѪϢ֪²ˡ
ƿĹ
Ҳ˲ôˣʱԳ֣ѪƹĹʱ䣬Ѫ֣ǸӳѪ죬ɭȻ
ŮѾܵϢʱؼ֮ʱݲ˴ţһ̣ҲԥǧкһģŹϼ֮ʱһԨǱ߷ȥϼʱ鲻ɱ
ų˸ԥ˶ߣҲһԸɿţԪһһ˹ȥɽͣѪ֮ҲССģ
ȸǱѰʱŽ⣬һ㣬ס˹һȸ𣬹壣ŮҪԸųأ׵öˡ
֮ȫΪˣϵŲԷǱ߳Ƿܹɹˣûʲô˵ġ
ǧһսһ߿ܷ۶ŻѪ󣬵ûע⵽һߣȻһڷ磬ת˲㽫棬һ̫죬Ӧʱ˫˫ţֻ׹ָסˡ
ԭ׹һֱڰŻŸղŮۺȥԸЩʱͻȻʩаǧסˡ
ǰ֮ʱǧٶɣ۶ʱ㶯˼ʱǧѱڷһ֣ʱã׹ɭɭһЦҪֽߣȴһʹǱ˴һ͵Ϯ˲ˣһתȴһλεĳŮ۴ԨǱ߷˻

һ죬Ů۽׹ˣһɢǧѵĺڷ磬ʵû
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Ů۽ǧѻʱΣĲһߣħֵµЩˣȻҲ˹ʮֲ
ŮۣǱߣ
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ʱڵǱߣҲвۿǧϵ۶ͻȻǿΪϢһЩΪ̤ˣҲò̾Ů츳֮ߣǼʱգħѪЩˣҲĶ֡
Ҫš
Щħͷɱ˹Ůһ̧ʱ٣һֻ٣һֲңˣɽ֮ƣЩħˣõ˳ȥ£ħЩΪ̤ĺˣ֮£ܵС
ŮһٶԵУһ潫ע˹ϣѪǳʱȻٶ׼еϣų˼ʶ׷׼ϵģ
£Ůѽ֮һɨȥƴŻ֮һ·Ĺ֮ˣѪ˳ȥеֱ»һƬѪ
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ס󷨣
Ϻһ˹ʱŮֽһһȵʱ˷ӿ٣ų⻪ǧɣһȥǵýѪЩĹȫɡ
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棬˷˳Ů۳֣ɾһ˲䣬ԨȻµϢӿڳ֮˽ɫһ䣬һɲǣŮѽƿնһѪļӣ˵ˣеĻһƬѪԪˡ
ˡ
ɫһ䣬ȻԨȵ£ͻȻӰһɺǳһ¾˳ȥ
ˣٲȻζ֮ǰѾͬˣ£һɫһɫ̫Ѫߺһʵ˭ܵУ
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һˣһȫɫڸղζʱ򣬹ųϱѲɫʱܵѪ˸ǳңҪѪû˵ˣǰסˣȻѪ֮ǿн̫ѪϷ룬緲˵졣
һζ
ʱζȫֵӣŮҲ˿Ѿ̫Ѫںˣ֣ڵѪƵģʵǿĹϣҲ˵Ķˡ
ȥԸˣЩҡ
ζǰĹϣڹųЩˣڴ˿̵ǲΪ档
ҲԣĿһɨѳʵŮʩ͵Ϯĳϡ
⡭
ĳַҲ˵ԷʵǿټħտҲǶˣɱŮֻۣ㡣
ֻһҪһһƽȥһ˲ǰɽһƴĳʧܣԪһ佻棬顱һһʱ𳾰ɣأУΡɽȻĳȴһƴǱȥһʵΣ
㡭
ĳ벻Ѫ֮˿ֲôһ̤˷֮ʵ֮ϣ⻹ûжħ£ħܵУ
Զ˼һлĳҲ֣ĹѪϢôǿ󣬰ȫ˹ǿ̫Ѫ֮ںϣʵܲһ̤뷽⾳


2018 
ĳۼ֣˼֮ƣȻһΪŮ۳ûѣæһݣΪǱϸһƣǽⲻŮ۷ǧѡ
ǧУˮסĳ·ˣԶ׹ǰɵڼСӳˣһʱ
ĳ˼޼ƣرǰйŮۻڲ࣬ߣҲ˵ˣӣҲӵõȻˣǾݹüˣ
ɷ飡
һȣâĳзɳȴɷصӣһΪɫһΪɫһΪɫɷ˲䣬ʱɷɷһɿµϢһ˿
ѣСģ
ʹղżζ˴ӹĹˣŮҲʼδɹ裬٣ĳȻҲɷ飬Զûô򵥡
ǧ۶ɷ飬Ҳͬ壬ȴϵãĳȻҧ⣬һھѪֱ棬ʱ䣬ܲв񺿣һƬѪɷ֮ɵһ㣬͵س
ⲻ֪ĳħ֮ɷǵ֮ʣ׶ãһΣһԪȻǱƼˣһᣬħ֮ʩչ˳
Զ˼Ѫɷ޲ĿҰףֱȥǾҲѪɷ˶Ŀɿڴ벻ĳ޵֮ˣȻҲ˿µħ֮
ѣ
Ů׼ɵصɷ˲䣬ָսǧץ˻۶ɷʴ⡰ɷĳƴʩչģǵУ˵ǧѣҲȥӲӡ
ĳɷҪȥʬħɷΣɷʱ壬һֱ̧Ӳʱ䣬ӿڳ֮޲ɫ벻ĳľɷҲܵס
һߣζҲüң˵ˣųΪӲأѾȦ⳷ȥ
߷ֹؾ
ζȫ֣ϵѪ֮ǿټ̫Ҿѧ߷ֹؾƾһ֮ʱսϣҪ֪ϵΪɷǹܱȣڹˣҲҿζϵ̫ѪԽ顣
ϼں̫ѪɾǸǿˣˣȻЩٶ࣬Ҳ޷ı
ٿԶɵĳľɷô㱾ĳ
ʱĳɫܣѪ֮ǿľɷ֪Էϵʬħ޾κħɷ
գעҪ
ٶԣһɢѪɷһӰĳȥҪɱĳֻΪŮۣеǱ˰ЩȥĺգҪ浱ˣǼС
ĳԷͣӣƲѣֻپԪһƶϣ顱һȴȥһѪѪ֮Ŀǰĵܿ⡣
Ҫɱĳ
ԶˣʱϢԿɱⲻֻҪشԷҪ׽Է𣬴Ӿʧ
ĳȻҲܸܵɱ޽մ⣬ȺҲûã˵ʲôˣҲ˲ôˣɷԸ˴ˣΣ˸ȥˡ
ߣ
һ˲׷ȥȻĳֻǡթߡ׷֮ʱͻȻųɷ飬ƣҪһ˲ɷ飬ɷɵķһˣҲ˵ϧҲ𣬿Ѿˣֻðһᣬ˧
һСɷ飡
Ůһۿĳһһ̫ˣĳһɷ˲ǰըˣʱѵ죬ǰ˷ӿȥΧʮɽֱըûҷ𣬻ЩߵߣҲһ˲䱻ը
һ
Ů澪ɫҲסˣղһ±ըҲҪը𲻿ɡ
ʦ硭
ǧҲɫ̫Ѫ֮ǿɸղһ£ɷʦǰըγܵס
һ
һߣζĳҲһ£漴ΪܹӦѪϢ˵Էǣһ£ֻҪˡ
Ǻǡ
Ŀע£̳棬ͻȻһЦһ¸ǰһղɷǰըܹû
ôܡ
ĳҲʱɫɷ鱬ըȻ˴˷ֺѪǲ̫ˡ
ȻȫΪѪ˿̣̳ɢȥ˳һҲûУһƬƬɫۣҲ˵
ۣ
ۣ
۾Ȼϣ
Զ˿۾ϣһǷͬСɣû뵽ۣȻ˴ϣ
ϡ
ԶǱߣħ˫һŴʱϵۣ棬͸һɳȣǵ괫˵۰
㡭ۡǣۡ
˿̳ϵۣĳһңһ˹Ϊɷ飬ңû뵽ɡ
㡭
ĳɫɷףʱҲ˲ô࣬תӣһˣƤӵܵɲһչ˲һǡʮơȥʱ쪣زҡ
顱һһƽʵʵĳϣĳʱһѪǰԵȥȻһֻܽشϾǸǿߣ޷һƽ
һ˲䣬ܲ죬۹½ѳ˿ĵ۹½һа۹£
˼Ҫˣۣǵ۹½˵ʲôͷ
㵽˭
ĳ˫ĿԲ۲Ѫ˿ѾˣղűһƴУԪҲش޷ӡʣôһͨ˼ߣҪ֪˭
޷Ȼ㿪ˣǱ͸㡭Ƕң֮
䣬һ仰˵꣬䣬һնȥһѰ֮Ƕµĵһʽ񷣡
һ˼һն£ҲҪһ㣬һ𵴹ǰնһɹ֣ã˲ع㵵ؿǰһУĳӦˣ
ȻǶµ书ô
Զĵطϳ˸ղʹһǶµľ书¾ʽܹһʽóΪѾܹˡ
Ȼܲ׹նɱĳδ̽۹½𣬶ԶЩǿߣǿ߿ȥ
ʱһ˫䣬ɱЩ𾳣ǿߣֲĸоʶˡ
˭
ɨڳλǿߣĿѪħЩɨ˰׹ϡ
׹ɭɭĿһʱֻеһ䣬ıԨĸоż˵Сӣҿûǹ㣡


2019 
Ҳû˵ǹôʲô
ģ˲ĸо׹ղſĳȻĵҪĳôһЩҲȥĳĺ󳾣Ǻڡ㻯һ磬ȥˡ
ûȥˣĿζǱ߿ȥζһսϣԥһ˲˹ȥһһնȥ
ϵģ
ʹ˳ѣһ̫ͣһˣնһֱǱһ£һնֱӰնˡ
һߣŮ۵ȻҲôţ٣Ҳ˹ȥһǹϣҲסڼǿĹ壬ȴǱ˲٣⼸Ϊ̤žĳϣҴܡ
˶սǵȻϣߴԽԽãνɽۻ
ζһ
Ů۷ɵмҲսˣĽ飬Ǿ뿪Ͼ׵أ˾οܸоûô򵥡
ζɱ𣿡
ζȥҲپˣȻǹĹζںλ̫µѪֱһ̤˷֮ʵԺһɲĸоǱʲôһ
ȻζʱҲսȻ壬Ҳ֪ھѶԷնݳҲǲܵģȻںѪѪδȫ
ߡ
ڣζҲͣ»뿪˵ȻǼ˴뿪ʱԶȻ͸һɿֲϢʱ䣬⸽죬ڳ֮ˣһϢĸоϢǡ
ղŽǲߣؿ߲ˡ
ǧһ±ϳɭֲϢѪѪʬȻЩˡ
˾֮ʣȻѪʱȷһӰѪ˳˹ˣЩµѪʬ
á
ЩѪʬζˣЩѪʬʮգͰˣϵһۡ
ɷɷɷ
ѪʬϮʮֿ£ζз֮ʵȻ壬ֻԶ˿һĻ޲ľЩȥʬ壬嵽ڰʲôȻЩȥĹʬ˹ʵ˿¡
ѰߣһЩ̤ˣҲѪʬֺζѪѪʬķĵ۹½һնȥܲƵģֱӿ롣
⣡
Щû뵽⡰𡱵ѪʬǰȻ˴һУЩѪʬߣҪȻʧʹˡ
ƼЩѪʬһһնɱһڳ۲ѣæѪף뽫ЩѪʬջȥɱˣˣ
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Ů̻٣ڷ磬ԶҲźһؿڷ磬룬Ǻڷʲô˿µϢ
ڣڷɢȥ棬Ȼһڹײġ
ײġ
˿ڹĹײģһײľԼʵȿֲˣһĳʮֿµĴڡ
ʱЩҲ˿ˣóǹЩ̤žˣҲʮηڹײģ֪ײ棬Ǻˡ
Сġ
ζߣǿͻȻֵĹײģȻ˸ܹӦʲôˡ
ʱǿڹײڰУȻҪթʬһһĻѹЩлĵӣŵɫ
ڣײ洫һͳµѪϣܣˡ
ǡ
أľһ˱նȥһۣսֻ˵ȥ
֪Ҫ뿪ûôˣɱ˹Щ˶ǿڹײģֲģղһ£ҿۣҪζײһ£ֻµѪˡ
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ζٻ̨޹̨ȥײӲ֮١£ײ浽ʲôˣʵ˿£Ȼ޲ߡ
˹ײģ׷
һ䣬ôˣ۹½һѪǹײȥȻײѪ˲䣬ʱð̣ٶһ»࣬ԭǾѪ
ײѪٶѪҲ˰죬򲻶ײģЩԷײϡ
һУ
Ѫζһ·˹˵ֻܴײ涨ǹ棬ҳ򲻶
ʵǿ󡭡
ϢһµħͲˣ˹ײıȶµħӲ
Ȼһ˲䣬ԶȻһǿϢԭоߵĴ򶷣δ뵽ôһֲˡ
ǲԷ硭ԣ
һɲǣɫ䣬ϢֹǲԷ磬ѵǳܡδܴ˼̳
ת˲֮䣬һֲϢѾˣʱ⸽ӿرɫһЩ̤ˣɿֲϢ£ɪɪ
λˣһ
ʱײִ˹ͳµ˲䣬һѪâƾһ֮ǿ˺գڳķ֮ǿߣ޷ˡ
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ˡ
ǧѶʱɫǲؾ棬Ǽ̳ĳǳ׷ɱģºˣͬʱԶǿߡ
ţ
˻ûӦ˲䣬ǹײĺȻһµǰߣ顱һø˶ĤѣײģסѪâһ


2020 ̫ž
ײѪâһһ׹ղһתְۣæˣ
ܿ죬ڳ֮˱㷴Ӧ˹ǰǹײ˵ҪץģΪڹĹѪںˣײҪںѪͱ뱣֤˲ȻĳֶΰѪںϹȥǸղŷɹǵѪâɱҪɱײˣȻҪֹԷˡ
ܿ죬ԶǵӰǿϢ£˵δ̤뷽֮ˣЩѾ̤뷽֮ˣҲ̸ľϸ֮£ȴֲ֪ǰ˭ûм
ǵȻûмˣΪǰˣǳǳǼ̳棬δȫܹ
һۿôˣԷ羹Ȼںˣǳ壬ǣֵ˭ǲԷ磬ǳ˭˭Ƕ߲棿
ʸºˡ
ײ洫ͳڴʱǿΪϢ£ͬһСͽˣ죬Щ֮ǿߺǿʢȴһҲҳڣǹЩžǿߣǹϣɲΨײʼղ䡣
δԣָһֳɱȥһײһ·˹ȥ顱һײʱ⸽쳾
ٲڣݹҲˡ
ʱײٴδʱײĿȥȴĹâǸʲôҲڱǰ˵գһƷȥУǹײҲֹ׸ҪһɿµѪɷ֮ϴ˳

еøˣŹײһ·Ѫ֣һλǿ߽֣˶Īľ
˾ȻˣǧҲеЩ⣬һȻôȥĹײİ嶼ǲסˡ
Ȼ֮ʣ顱һǹ׸һ·˳ȥһӰֱͦͦվһƶϣǴþˣʹ˲Զĵطȥ
ɢ֮ʱ˲ŵԿ壬ԭǹ֮ˣȻƹʬ˫Ѫ죬Ѫ֣ʵ£ǹĳλˡ
ˣԸǣˡ
ȫѪ֣͸һʵǲָ£һߣϺ͹ųص˲ֱӳȥԸζֻԶԷ˳ûѡ
ǻ̫ˣĪζʵҪδغѣħ֮һâ
ôʱߣڡߣ
δߣ
һֲָΧҲƱһ㣬ʱ춯춯ǴӺζ
˽ǼֲˣЩ̫ǿͻȻ֣޷ˣŮ۴˿ɫȴЩأԤеʲôһ
һζѣߣ
ʱŮڲԥһ˾˹漴һâȥЩҪסһ𣬱ͬݿһ㣬ЩˣҲһƽ⣬ȥ
뿪󣬳ŹͲδ׷Ů۸ԥ˸˲һ⻪סˣնȥˡ
ٴγʱǰһµ̫ϢζҲ˱ɫ㣬ôˣ
ʵϣ֮أȻҵģοǰ滹˿ֲϢǳʲô¡
Ŵʱɿµ̫Ϣϲ΢΢һ̫žسˡ˼ķӡܡ
˼ӡɽ
ǧͬʱɫһ䣬ζȻ£˼ǴӡŦȻɽˣɽǹķӡɽ棬˼֮һġԨӡš
࡭
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ȥǴ̫žؿ
ǧѻعھ⣬˼۷£Ƕ޷иԤҲʲô
ŮۿǰǴ̫žأ򡭡Ӧǳм䣬м䣬Ƭ֮أһȥˣڣӦòһˡ
üҪȥ𣿡
Ȼϣȥ׵ðգڳͲԷںˣ⣬ǰȫأֻȸҲòȫˣЩ󷨽ƣסԷ磬ס
߰ɡ
ȻҲȥˣҪҵ֮󣬿ܾǴˣҵ֮󣬻ȥδ롣˼£µòֻ̫صǿ߳ˣֻغͰ޽ˣֻǲ֪Ϊܹ˼䣬˵ӦóھŶԡ
ֻغͰ޽˺ǿ󣬾˼ؽƣֻҲˣǵû߾ͺˣ컹˼Ļֻ̫صˣȻɵ̤룬һߣ˼˵Ķˣ̫Ű˻Ⱥˣָˡ
ɽ
һֻ̣뵽ţǹɲԤҲԽԽǿˣһµξɽɽ嶼ˡϣʦˮ¡

һº󣬼̫žڵط֮䣬ջ֮أǷ֮ǿߣЩջУҲǾһ
ԭͳµˣѾǰ˱˴˽һ·飬һȥѹȵǼˣҵˣ£ѹǱߣһѺֱۣ̫ͨžء
һ̫žصɷױɽɽǱߣ󷨣ʱֵɷ֣δһֱֵסɽλڵģһɽ£ܶѱһΣ̫žصģֻɽˡ
û뵽̫žǰҲܵ谭Ѱ˸޷ȥɷ̫ˣΪ̤ǿߣȥҲͼʱɷʴ롣
̫žǰתתȥֻ˽ȥһ̽ʬħصɷҲ޾壬ǧѵ۶ͬа֣ζѪ̫塣
ǰߣѾܵˣ֮󣬱Ȼ̫žȥ󷨿̻ζһˣһȥðˣζҪҵĶѾҵ
ôǧأ
ʦãҪȻ
ЩȻ۶޾ɷʴζΪȥˣʦʼջһ֮ңʦøŽȥΣա
δ˵꣬ǧѱϴ󲻸ˣôھͿʼƲˣʼǰɣ
ζҡ
㣡
ǧֱţѪ˲𰡣۶ȫҴǸƵģ
ʱԶһǿϢ˾Ǿһʲôˣ
˹ײģ
ǧһϳˣǹ棬ǲأϸ룬ǹײųѪɷ߲֮˶ס˺
ʲôˣ
¿ǰĹײģʱ䱸һ뵽Ӧñ֮ǰŮ˵Ĺˡ
С˿
ײ棬ͳµƺˣڳһԣ־ŭ֮ˣδ̫˵㡣
겻ɢ
ʱ˳ǿڹײĵȻˣҾ͸һʹ죬Ҫڹײˣɡ
顱һǹ׸Ƿò˶һˣֱֻͦͦվһӰ֮ǰĹ档
ˣԼߣңԶ֡ͳҪѪںϹͲɱζ
ܸһ¡
ˣǰȥһ̣ƣɢȥ֮ʱǰģȻǶµӣΪڸ˭˵
⡭
˿һ±һϹħӣһɿµϢݺ˻ϣܵУѵǵλħ£


2021 
ҵҪħ֮ж
ȻһжʱѪƺ͹ʵ˵͹˶µʵ
ߡ棡
һ̧ħ֮ӿɢȥһ½ǲֶѪɢˣ֮УѪƣգһĻڳ֮ˣ޲е𺳡
һֱǵ꣬λħµħ֮Ϊλ
Ȼʱʶǰʵ֮ǿԶԶԤϣһ࣬Էֻûмħ֮ѡ
ʱһӰߣƮƮվ̨֮ϣζҪԸ棬ȻҲһԿš
ãõúܡվͽһܻء
ȻʹѧѪԪѪ֣ΪϢһǿֻеϢ
߷ֹؾ
ζҲʹ̫ҾѧϢȻǿ࣬ͬʱ湥ȥ
˫Ƭ̣мɵʹȫζȴɵȫˣҲȻشǿߡ
Ȼͳˣ֮ĶˣѪħЩ˸һ㣬ֻ̫صİ޽ɺֻأҲǹͳģҪ׼

ʱŮۼ٣Ҳս翴һͬǡ
ȷʵǿʯף磬ǹײ治Ѫɷ֮ƻЩ޵֮ˣһѪɷʴȻС
ҵҪкα£
һɲǣϵѪ֮ˣǰЩνķֻ֮϶ѣţһܽЩ˴ûҷ˫ͬһʱǿߡ
ǧһߣԽԽǲ֮ʦĵ۹½һҪΧҲȥæղСⶼȥɱ𣿡
ߡСҲڴ˼
ʱλ˷˹˽½ӦɽǱߵʱҲԥɽһͣ㳯ɱȥ
ã
ƾһ֣ס˵ķɽһߣֶζˣһˣܶôˣʵΣȻ
˫ãڣϵѪ֮ˣʼ˥ϵҲԽԽˣĳֱ׶˳ˡ

ЩȣصѪȥˣûиһܹõѪľԪʱ
ڣ򣡡
ǧѽ۶ޣ۶˲Ѫɷʴ˼̼ǿ˹ƣһʱ֮䣬ӦӲϾ
ߣСӣǶˣӲ
ڣ˻˹ײ顱һ׸ǺϣҪȥ׷ǰȥʯ׿˺üȴ޷ƻʯףֻŶԷߡ
ȥԼˣ˼˵ӲǸϲ֪߳ܵģ
ǧѳײķߵķ䣬űǱߴԽԽԶѾͷˣҲӣ
㰡߰ǧѻ׷ȥ䣬סˡ
Χµħ˻ȥת˵лλų
ղǧѵ۶ţ˾δѪɷ֮ʴֻǲ֪˻᲻ң뵽ǰɽ飬ôӲûв
ŸղŹߵķҲ˿Ϊˣ뵽ȻҲһûȫʹǺͲԷںˣͬż׶ˣȻãĻһ׶˽ҲûУ񲻿£
һֽעǰ̫ž棬мü𩷢ʵλСѽΣ
Ȼʹھ⣬ЩҲҪ˿ͿˣղŵʵҲˣڣƺֻˣܽȥ̫žء
һɼǿΣϢ͸ȥҪȥҵ֮󷨱Ȼ̫ž棬֮󣬺ʱܹǷܳЩҲ⣬뿼
ãվڴ˴󷨣֧֮϶һ֮϶ˣǾͽ̫ž棬ֱ´̫žسʱǲܳˣ˭֪ǧ󣬻
׼ô
ζǾȥ̫žصĻôһΣžͽھ⣬ȥĵطˡ
š
ãڽͷ˵㣬óζǧѸŽȥðգһܼѵľ
ȵȣ
ŮһΣɽ٣ǵӦҵ飬㻹Ҫź˼䣬תΪˡ

֮ڲɣ̫žȥˣһȥʱҲǼɡ
˼䣬ȥ
ϹŽѾ㼤ûƺƬħأĽƱøǿˣʱĴۡħЩһΣһ޷ǿƿơ
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ʱһӰ¹°ѩ£ЩҲ֪ΪαôĮˣѣȥΪѣ޶ԣ
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µͷ˺һſڵյϢˣҲҡˡ
Ŷ
ħ̶ˮ̶ˮ޲ҲûκβѾȺλˣˣˡʣλ
˵Щˣڿ֧ˣ

ҡҡͷЩȻɫ˵ʵϣֻϵʦֻӺ໹滹֧ţҪչһԨüλȻҪ
û˵Ҳ̶ˮ޲һ²ٴ̧ͷСʵϣġȥ֧Ԯ𣿡
ãǺ˴һΣ

ͷȥ΢ɼҾãڡڿܻ˵Ķ֡
ǾͶˣźúÿɣɽûô׹ƣ汻ˣ޽ɺֻˣҲضԪˡ
һʵǡЩ󷨣ô죿
֮Ȼڴʱֻֻ̫صƿķʱ򣬱һУǸ˼£ǡ෴ǽһУΪ·𣿡
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޷ԣֻһؿ֣ΨһƬۣ㣬ǧվǹһһ죬ֻܻһˣ壬ϣ˭
ء
ǿգһ˫۾Ҳ֪ûԼ˵Ļȥɡ˵ţḧһĶͷ塰ͨһˮ̶£̶ˮɸߡ
ʱнŲûлͷֻʥôˣкұ𣿡
ǿӣ˵ӦóƺΪʥ뿪ʱһ£ڤ˻˼䣬һĸˡ
ǰѾˣɱڤڤףûڤȻ죬Ϊ֪ǰˣҲˣǾûֹܹǰ˷֮ˡ
ڣӦγƺ㡣
ʥȡ֣飬Ҳɡ
á顣
ʥ¹˵ϣ˵覡
ʲôҪ˵˵ɡؿڡ
ʥһԶƺſڵһƣƾһˣֻ̫ص˵Ķ֡
֪Ҹ׼һЩ
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һɲǣʥ뵽ʲôɫ䣬ĿؿЩ󷨣Щ󷨲֮Ŀġ㣬ԭ͡
Щ󷨣ʵδ֮󣬶ǡɷ󡣡
Ȼɷ󡭡͸뵽㣬㾹Ȼ
Է׿˵ʥţʮһֱΪֻǲ֮Ϊ˾Ȼδ룬ʵЩ󷨵£ڲص̫
㣬׻ʬȸͷ
̫ǵڶŽǱߣºȥԨۣ;һ׵ʱ򵥲󷨣ѹɷǴΣҲ򵥲󷨣Եħʥ
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㡭㡭
ʥ𾪲ѣҪɷ󣬱ؽԪŵصķˣ󡭡δ̫ˣ
ɫƽԶƺ˵ɷұǸ׼ģڿòˡ
һأʥôˣֻЩ̫ţǰı֮ˣȻķΪξһѵһ𡭡
ʥ侲˵ԭһʼǴµ滨δ֮󡭡
˼
Ǻǡʥ΢΢һЦãơ
֮ھ⣬ûģ֪ο̻󷨣ǰ֮󣬿ǵ˵ģѵ㶼𡭡
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ʥֻǲסЦʮһֱΪΪ֮׼֣֪֮Ĳԭˡһɷ
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ֹ㣿ǡ
ʥһЦССһ죬ֹ㣿ãҾͿţ˼ɻʱѹˣҿҪνһС
Ҫͺá
˵һ䣬תȥʥȥӰҡͷһ̧̾ͷϣСӣ㵽ʲôʱٲ˼䣬Ҫķûˡ


2022 ֮
̫žأһ˺Щ죬طޱ޼ʣôȥֻ߸ʮ꣬ҲҲʲô

ζ̨˴ȥٶȻܹ࣬ӦһЩ֮Ŀǰ֪ǷҪҵֻ֮ҵ˵
֮Ѿ̫žص棬һ·һЩѺۣһЩԶλ꣬ʱҲῴһЩԶޣ֮ʹз֮ʵҲɴ⣬ԽߣԽҪСĽҲй˽̫ž̽죬档
̫žأһԣûܹȥصһߣഫһߣħ֮أڡ
˶Сǧѵ˵صһߣǹ磬ķӡ˼䣬ôҲ˵϶һطܹͨ˼ġǾأ
ζɽʱ˾ֹ˼ķʱζĵ˵ܹȥҲûȥ巽ʲô

һζǰһƬش˵̫žس֣˼ķӡйأȥصһߣﶨһطͨ˼ģȻĻ˼仯̫žҲɳھ⡣
ô˵ÿ˼ӡɶ̫žضֻ֣Ҫ˼ķӡסˣ̫žؾͻʧûܹסŵĻô̫žأԽԽͬڶһѾÿطɽȥ
š
ζ˵ͷֵҪҵǴͨҲףҾҵˣƾ˵϶޷֮ͨǰ뵽İ취ǽоЩǿߣͨͨ
ǧѸŵһ˼;˼ķӡˣҲᱻûšӦþ˵ġˡ٣ڶһжɣһ⡭
ԡ
ǰƬ꣬˺µ𣬾ϵħҲֵˣǰЩνķ֮ûһӣͬˮµȺĵطѲˣ˼Щط͸˵ˡ
˵ˣĩգҲѲ˵ĩա
ǧѺζ٣Ҫʲô
ҡ
ζСֻ̨֣ǧֵʱ˵Ŷֻ̫صֶΣԼһ磬أġ
ζûлشΪҲ֪һŵֻ̫صһ磬Ҳܡ
ǧѿεҲûȥֽĿϣʦ磬أ
ǰ꣬ĬȻ٣Ҫȥĵطءһ̣Ժֳָ˶ǰһĻǸСɽ塣
ö˶˵ģʲôɡ
ܣѧŵķˣҪ

ʱ̨ȻһҡΣӻôˣһ˲䣬ҲܵһЩͬѰ
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ζ̨סƬ̣ŵ󷨣Ѿܽˡ
š
ǰããһƬ֮꣬ҵˣҪ˼ˣһβҪȥδ룬а˼ǸϣսΣ޷ˡ
ԭ֮ǰʱûʲôԻص˼䣬ҵˣ⴦صķ϶£ҪȥЩ˵ʱҲҪǰæͨ
ֹ˼£ҵϹ󷨣ǰ󷨣Ԥϣһ󷨣ȻֱӰᵽ˼ȥû£Ҫģǽſ̻Ҫܳʱ䡣
ǰ󷨣޷ȥΪһ㡰̫һ̫󷨣ѸһЩѺҲš
ζǰһУһˣԭϹ󷨷ӡŵģͨ˼ͨû󷨷ӡͨҲ޷򿪡
ô죿
ζعͷվ̨ϣ󷨣ʹˣҲȫ̫ˣҪһһȥ̻֮ܽôƬ̫ţҲȥ
۶̫ˡ
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ζ̫һЩѺۣǽ֮ĻܻһЩ̫Ż֮޴
ǧȻпǹһ㣬˵ԿţҪЩȥˡ
ζ룬Ҳֻˣú˱㲻ɣζ̨ȥ̫ǳҪ֮ЩǿҲ޷ǧѵ۶С
Ҫ̫Զ
ǧǰȥ̫ʱܵţҲˣ̼µħⲻ֮ܶԸЩ֮ްɣ
ǧѿʼ󷨸̫ʱԶЩѺ۵̫ҲɢˣȻһض¡¡Щ޳˳Щޣ̫Ż֮ޣЩӴģһƶСɽ
סǡ
ۼЩ޳˳ǰЩʮͣв֮Ҳҳˣֻǲ֪棬Ƿиǿ޳
ʱȥ˰£ǧδƬ̫ϣգϵ۶ѾԽԽǿ֣Щޣˡ
Ҳó۶ͻڼȽƬ̫֮ʵҲȻͻͽ
ٹȥ£Χ̫ѾԽˣֻδ֪СĽǧѺζ棬취ЩѺ۶ϣû޳档
֮Ϊһ壬ܹظܵÿһڣ󷨣ţһֱòҪ뽫ôһ̻Ҫʱ䣬ͬʱҪʲô̻󷨣ȥɱžƬɳĮɳĮ¼񵽵ʯ̣óˣÿԽ󷨣̻ʯ档
ʯȡ棬һĻĻֻص˵꣬ʱ죬룬֮ûȥɱžԪɶħֽһ£
һ̣ƽʯ̷֮һâʯγɫâʱζҲˣһâ̫ҵϢ
һ¹ȥˣ£¡ֱһʱŽ֮󣬿̻ʯ档
ʯȷʵѰ֮ǧ£٣ʯ̶ûлȥܹһ󷨿̻ȥ֮ǾķҲܲסֱ֮ķˡ
ʯ̣֮ҵˣһʮǿ̫󷨣˼ϸãĻܹδ֮ˣ֮󣬲Ǵ˵ʮ󣬶

ʱĿͻȻһʹһɫҰףʹ࣬δˣҲ˼ʲô£Լʱ޿쵽ˡ
꣬ԻҶʮʮ֮ڵʱһΣһΣĻˡ񣬱Ҳ޷ֻҵһţ֮ġ
̤뷽֮Ҳ㲻վ˵ţԹǧħкܹ
ѿ͸һˣڵ֪ԼͿˣ˭ܹ̹Ȼԣ˭ܹ
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ʱԺȻһȻԼǡʬħ
ʬħȻѾܹʶˣ˵⿪ӡҳɳ

һ̣·Լ˵һ뵽ķˡˣҲɢˣڣԱˡ˵գͫһ֮Ӱʬħѹȥ
Χְʯ̣Ҫʯ̴˼䣬֮󣬿δ㵽ʱʱ֧ŲסˡҲһС
һ̣ԺͻȻֳָ˵峤ʥһӵīһ̣һΪʱĳʱ峤ϵȡ塣
ãɫָˣ߳ȥ棬ǧѺζѾЩѺ۶ϣʱ˶һʱ䣬Щˣֻǵָһ˲˶ԣѾˡ
󷨿̻𣿡ζʵ
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ͷδԣǧѿȥʱȻ۶ѾͻƣȻδȫľ磬һǰѾǿ̫ˡ
ʦ磬ɫá
ǧѱζϸģڸղһʱ򣬾ͷɫЩԡҪǽȥһ꣬ɫҲ̫á
ðɡ
ǧɫãֻΪһ̻󷨡
ζɿ󷨣˵ڴΣ
ֻعȥ󷨣ͨ棬취˽ƾˣ޷򿪡
£˱㲻飬ص棬ǰȥʱ䣬˶ԣǷǳݵģֻҪһڤ룬͹ȥˣͬ˯һ
ʱЩ˿ɲ˯ţŶ̶꣬⴦̫žؾ࣬ܶطѾˣôȥò˼꣬ûˣʱ󿪣Щبǿ߹Щ֮ȫϡ
˵ȻҪֹ鷢գڿ˳˶ȲǰѯҲ㽫˵ˣ󻹽˼ĹϵҲ˵ˣֻҪס˼Ǹӡ̫žȻʧ
ü˵Ҫǵ˼ȥѹķӡӹ̣
ҡҡͷǺȥ˼䣬ͨȣһˡΣ֪
ʵֺγϣЩǿȥ˼æȥԸֻ̫صˣңԶŮۺͻЩˣʼ޷ȥ˼䡣
Ҷˡ
ʱŮ˵ô࣬һ£ˣǴ˴˻ص˼󣬰˼ķӡӹ̣̫žʧͨһʧôˡҲˡ
˿̣ҲԺ棬両ֻ֣صһ졭һ̣ԣȥó٣ݻ˻ȥ


2023 ˼
Ů۽סݻ٣ʱҲԣʱ䳤ʶ˲ˣܶ˵Ѿˣʮԣʵܶݣת˲ŵǻ𣬿ǵһĻһĻػͷ·һ
ʱ˶ĬˣȻֻղ˵ǷУһ˲ô죿ɲġ
ʱ˵Ҫͨ¹ƾǣС
˱˴ӣСˣôǿߣҪ򿪳һͨ˼ͨɲǶϷʹǺ֮ҲδУ˲Ҳ
ȷʵЩ
ʱм׷˵ţƬ̫ž棬Ѿɢȥ࣬ǺҲܹ룬ҪµֻͨԶԶ
һʱ䣬һĪչô죿ѵҪȥѵ˶ټһЩˣδؿЩ¡
λΣ
˿ȥȻҲǳЩˣҪ̫žͨ˵Ц
һĪչ֮ʣԶȻһƬħӿһλѾ̤𾳵ǿߣֹһ
ˣģڳ֮ˣ䱸Թħ;ħʷݡ

Զĺˣ洫һЦ֪֮ħۣħۣ滹вǿߡ
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ߵķ֮ǿߣûзɾ裬ʱħۿڵǲ˲ЩˣΣ
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һؿɲˣôǿ߶̫ž棬ҪǳʲôµĻⶼҪ졣
֮ѾϹ֮󸽽棬ͨڣҪ󷨴򿪣Ȼٰͨ򿪡
ȵȡ
ʱŮʲôûһ̤޷ٻˡ
һ̣Ҳ˵ĸܣԺ棬һĻĻھЩ飬ʼŮ۱׷ɱһ·
ֱڣѾҵϹ֮ˣ˴ĿѾˣ˻˼ķΪһ̣л˲᣿
⾳Ѿ򵽵߲㡰޾ˣԭеֻһ㣬ڰ˲ǡȥھŲ㣬Ҳǲ⾳һ㡰𾳡
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ζѣأ
ŮһЦζǧѣǧѣĸоȷʵûζء
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һתˣҪ󷨣ҪͨٻҪʱ䣬ǰܾãʱԭֻһ˲Ŷѡ
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Ů˵ʲôȴ־úǱʲôסһ˵ɹʱ䣬˵ʦ뿪㲻գʲôҲ˵ˡ
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һôŮˣŮۿǿ
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ζҲ˵ʲôȴֲ֪οڣֻˣ㡭㱣ء
ǧҲȻŮ۵ĸоûζôأʮ棬ϾǶԷΪܲĻмҲһ㡣
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ŮϴЦݣȥȸӣлҪ˵𣿡
ʵˣûʲôرĸ飬ֻǲˣ˵ʲôֻ˵ĸ֣úûš
úûš
ĸ֣һֱԺ
߰ɡ
ע£ͨǱȥͷһŮۣһԾͨȥ
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Ůֻ۾ѾˮһƬͨҲ޷ܶԷϵϢߣģ
ʵģ𣬶֪һߣˡţ統꣬ʦ뿪һ
ߵߣ֣ҲڲףԨͨļ䣬ģɽˣԷЩգһߣЩָÿή˰ɡ

޾ͨǱջ磬˶ʧȥʶǱסһȥǧ꣬꣬꣬۵һɲǣ·ֻصˣʱ㡣
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ͬʱ۾Գ˯һУһһڸղţ˻һξǺܶܶԺһ׺ɣ硣

˿ȥո˶ڳ˯ʱ廹ЩľзѩӹһȥѩǧﾹȻ֮ۡ
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ˡ
ǧѸŴʱ˼ϢѾǾˣһУȻһһ
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һɲǣȫ䣬׹ıԨո￴ģʵ
ʦãôˣ
ղҲһ֣ȴʮʵξǺܶ󡭡ôǧѣҲһʲô
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ǧڻһУǾľսϣֻһζѡ
ζأ
ǧζȥһ̣ȴζأղ濴ģʲô
ңҿ
ζȷղξ濴ģһǺܶ飬˵ҿһˣңǸˡǸıˡ
ǧѶˣԻŸղξ濴ģЩǻᷢ
ã˵𽥻ָʱ䣬뿪ʮ꣬˼ĽѾʮֱܹܵõΪǵΪûбѹƶ١
뿪֮󣬾ڳ￴˼صضǳˣζҪ龳ңǧҪɽȻǻˣ˵Ϊһ⣬ת˲
˵ţǰĴսλλϺͲˣˣеӣ˲١
ɽ죬ֻ֣̫صʮ֮ǰЩǴԼǷ硰̫Ž硱ģһ˼û˽ƣǵĿֲ֪
Һɽڣǵ֮أ֮ǰ޽ɺֻˣҲ˵ܹǿȥɽ󷨷Ͼ˼ѱٻš
ɽϣŵˣˣŵļλˣλ϶ڣѾûˣȥˣҲһֻɽѣֻ̫ͬص֡
ֻ̫صȵˣ˵ǿдƣ֮ˣ²ֻ̫صЩˣ֪ʲô̫Žôǿ߶˼䣬˼Щ棬Ҳһţܹ
ɽ棬ȫֻ̫صˣҲڲͼ󷨹࣬ԨüλϣҪ˻ʣսģֻ໹棬Լ̨λˡ
նԷڣ໹ҲܳȥӭУ˶ҪԵֻ̫صЩˣ͵ĹƣڿˣҪ̨Ǳߡ
ֻ̫ص˲ˣɽϣź͸ɵ˶ľǳһ󷨱ƣǶҲֻ·һǰЩյĽսѾ˲ˡ
ʱֻ̫صֿʼͷĸˣǰ޽ֵµġ׽ʮײп£ǰʱ䷲ˣ÷ǳңǡ߾һ٣Ҳ˲
ʱɽϣʱʺȻһһɰΪϢʱɽһǳΪϢĪֻ̫صһ֣
ܿ죬ѷӦΪϢӦֻ̫صˣѵλʥǰ
ǽ˲ϢһӰһһŵˣʱǴסˣƮƮǧ𣿵꣬ǧѿǴŵģʹȥپãŵϲأ


2024 ħԨ
ôô죬һô
׽ϵǧѣЩΪȴǸεε˽СҪԲѷһâ͵һѪɽ׽Ϊ׵Ǹѱˮȡ׼׹ȥ
˶ȻһŷֶԷΪԭ˿£һ˸ԣҲһѪɫ⣬ӭǧѵĽնȥһѪɫⱾҲ̲ˡ߾УҲȾ׹³ɴʱһǧѵˮϡһʱһΪնΣӿ׹ȥȻ޹⡣
׽Լ٣ʧɫȷӦ͡һҲͬղһ룬Ѫߣɽ׹ȥ
ʣ˾ľѣʱ֮âţҲǸˣҪôɱҪôĶߣǼϣܵסǣôһС֮䣬Ȼ
ڶɢ֮ʣǧѵˮѷն˹ֽһȥǧҲżָһˮȥնһ׼ֻһ׷ȥڰ֮⣬ȡһ˵׼
׽̼Ա£ʱɽʣЩֻ̫صǸŵĵѣ˵ףҲֻ̫صЩԪϣʱλһ±ɢǧӵָһʹŵġ｣ˮʱǧһֻ̫صˣն¡
˼һĻҲˣ벻ʮΪҲ޹֣Ԫŵأǧһţкܹһ۶ϵ۶۶ȴǿ츳ɣĳѡ
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ɽϣŵļλ˺ͳ־ϲ벻Σѹͷ请һʦʦãҲû뵽ˡ
ʦã
ܿ죬˱㽫󷨴ˣȥ棬ǧѲҲ֪˺£һ·ϣԪĿ꣬ɶ⵽֣֮벻Źȥ̶ʮ꣬ô¡
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ʦڡˮ»졯棬˻
ǧѵ֪ʦʱ£请λϣһʦʦãҲһЩ߾üʩֶΣһ𣬴Ҳ޷ˡ
˺Ͳλϣѣĵӱʹѣ֪ϢǧѲһʧԺֳָ˵һĻĻɽϣʦǶײϣԺ󡭡Ҳˡ
ֻ̫ص
ǧ֪ûô򵥣ֻ̫صˣ඼̫ŽЩΪͨģӳһΣͨʲô˼ģµı󣬾Բ򵥡

˵죬֣ٴλصҲһ˵ĸоЩİЩϤûܵϢѵѾ޷֮Ӧȫĸ塣
ժϵĲߣ¿˹ȥЩ֣ԼĵطΪ֣ԼһС
һϹŽƣѰ˲ҿ֪ƵĿʱֱӴ򿪽ƣȥˡ
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˵ͷЩˣһһľյϤ֮Уһһˣ찡
ϣôôͻˣ
¿֮󣬲Ĳ죬ʱĻˣ뿪ãֻǲ֪ȥʲôط֮ǰȥˣ

¿˰죬һʱЩͷԣϽôֵֹģС˵ϣ㣬֮ǰȥħԨ㻹һȥ
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һħԨڹɽ˼ħԨ³ֵĵطˣ죬ֻп֪һ£ҪҿһС
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δ빬ɻл棬δ뾲ڴϣʮҲδһΣֻж֮󣬲ܽˡ
֮˻ڷﾲãʮھ⣬ÿÿֻܿ˴Ļ棬ʱΪҲز˼ˣҲδˡ
¾⣬ʱҲҽţãŴͷվ棬ƺԼӣʵأ

һ̧ͷ˵ǰڹ·壬ϣҪȥ𡭡
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˵ͷûԣ·Ǳȥˣ;оһԣȺŮЦ߹ȥһԭɶʮδɶռ統һԻãϲɶ
ȻɶعͷֻԶԶһۣȻûлشĻһȥˡ
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˰ΣԼ֮ʱɶǵһܳԼΪˣȻôİԼ
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μˣһ仰˵ˡȻȻֺǴһҲˡءӦɶġ
ɶҲߣ𣬸ÿ춼ɶ
𣿡
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˵㻰
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һȵҹɶٴ˯ź󣬲뿪䣬뿪죬ʱ壬Ҳû˿
վԭãŻعѲŮӰ·ȥˣղŻʱʵѾӦˣʱȻǸ
ڻˡ
ǰã컹˵ʲôʱ벻ôͻȻ
׷ʲô£
ջ֪˼˺£һ֮£ŵ֪Щ귢飬λҲһʧԺ棬һֻ˵꣬ÿÿײϣѶԷ̵ģ񡭡
֮ǰھʱѾԤУֻû뵽Щ꣬ôһͳħԪ򣬲󷨣ɡɷ󡱡
ɷǵӳºѧҲֻͨƤëѣ벻˵áǡʤô
ħԨǰڱƬɳĮģͬһѺۣޱ޾̫ŽˣǴ˼ģħԨƺأû̸ܹ֮ӡˡ
˼ãʵɷ󣬶Щطҡҡͷû֪
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ʱӣ֪ʲô˵ΪֻΪȥȰǣ
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üͷһ壬Ϊ֪һڣ̫Ž˰ץȥΪ˱ʳЩȻý֮ȥЩ󷨣òײµģƻȥȰ𰣬Ϊ󷨶ѡ
˵֮ٴ˳˼ã̧ͷȥһħԨ

һְסļҡҡͷħԨǱߣ㲻صģʵѲô򵥣̫ŽȺˣǰ޽ɺֻԳĶ֡ڣڣ취ҳЩ󷨵λ

ҡҡͷ˵һҪȥһˣЩ飬죬㲻סִȡ쿴ʣʲô
£⣬һ¼˵ˣ꣬˵ͷӹ˵£Ҽɡ
ܹתΪˣҲȴŮһ׮ԸҪȥħԨһǿħԨǸʲôطҲüִˣúεȿ¡

Ԫıߣǡ޼¥ȥɱžʱ˵أʶ˷¥¥ɲŮɲŮһͳǣǰħԨĳ֣̫Ž֣ѾݣɲŮ˶ˣڵĶǣ찵أɷ֣Ѿֻ̫صĵط
سǵˣǰ޽ɺֻʮֱǡͬࡱɱ
˱Ͼǰ޽ɺֻصĵӣΪʮֿ£Զʲô׽ɱȡ
ʱ⣬ɳ죬ⷽԲѳɳأľήɺԣһƬɳĮ
ʱһӰȻƬƻɳĮһۣ̿ɼ˪׷һ˫Ԩ۾
̫꣬ŽֻԪЩƴһһУʼϹۣҲ֣һΣͬࡢɱˣȻץˣǱǡ


2025 
ɷ֣գɷֻԷ˼޷ʹ̫ŽˣҲ˵˶ܵɷˡȷʵѾ˼߲һˣ˼ߣܹһЩ֮˼ôԱɷȾⲻҪ˵С
շֵĶǣǱԭеߣӵӣʣµģȫ߲˵ģֻ̫ص˵ҲûнȫɱЩͬϵ죬˭רȥһֻϣ
ƽʱ򣬶Щ˶ԼҵؽҲҳʱڳ֮һյġ޼뵱ΪɲŮھɲŮǱЩˣǰʱɲŮҲ֪ȥ
գģϵļƬҶ϶ɳɳ죬޼ˣһѪɫѵӣһò꣬һ׷ԲԵߡ
ˣǰ޽ɺֻصͽܣѪӱɱ࣬׷ͬʮͽܣ΢ʮŵģֻǵ֣̫ŽȨλ
΢ǴӣͬʱҲʮȨλߣΪߵģš΢Ȩλģˣֱǡ̫롰̫˱Ǵ˴ν˼죬ͬࡢɱˣ΢ǵĴʦ֣ͬʱҲ΢
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˵ʱȻһ춯ʹ˶䱸淢£
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俴һۣȻΪѲ֮£ο鹦ñʱԪһһɰ֮ɽƲɵһ½ͬ˳ȥ
㵣ܿ˵ǵ͹˴˵ΪҲʲôѰ֮ˣŸոսֶѣǻʧ룿οⶨѾǵ󷨽ƣ֮Σ˸塣
ϣСϵʵֻǽŶӵùô
ɱһЦ䣬оŵɷʱ˾ſھ޴ĺڶǵҲӲȥľŶ󣬴ֻشµ󷨣ʮ˵˵ס̫ŷȻС


2026 
ƾҲס桭
˫һ̧һ֮𵴳ȥʱŭΣĺĿһƬ첻ֹǾſڶ𵴵òסҡΣⷽԲʮ
ͬȻûϵĹ񣬿µĲֹһΪ󷨶ƿҪ忪һŶҲǵУʹܵ𵴣δƣſڶͬʱ׹⣬һŨŨѪɷϢֱӿȥ
ܳżʱ
ͬ˺ȻԾ𣬲֪ʲôֶΣſڶʱѪ⸽һƬյѪȾһɭȻ¡
Լһʱ䣬ȻŶʱ޷ѹסҲԴ˼״˴˶һۣᣬֻ뽫ϸ켸ҹʱԪĹ⣬ȥʰ٣
뵽ǰϾֻһ֮ûгأΣǾһʰˡ
˰ɹƺѾʼЩƮƮȻˣ˳ʱ΢ʦǣҲãҲգҪС
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ͬ˵ͽܣѦҹձְ𽼸˵٣֪ƾԼһ˾ҹӰЩ˵Ķ֣㰵дѶضǣλʦܷסˡ
ʱѦҹ׷һЦأ׼ôһҲ
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ѦҹЦǰбһǼ׷ϣһҲˣƤǸĿ
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һɲǣѦҹ¶˿־壬󷨷δƣӦó˭ǰ˭ѵ
ȥϸ룬ѲᣬһþʱһƬѪ
ɱѦҹǰ˵ˣԥһ̧һƬ⻪ȥЩĿĵı޺˿ڣʱۿɼٶˡ
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׷Ҳ漴Ӧˣ󷨻δȥϵϢ棬ǰ˭
ǰˣһʱζӳ£һŵҲϲ𣿡


2027 
ص棬Ƭ̣˳ؿǡϡ
۾û˵һ̣ϤĸоֻˣǰˣǵϣȻɫһ䣬ʼϵǵİΣȥʮǸϣİҲʶˡ
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ᣬ˳ԭǰˣǹȥϣ뿪ʮǸϡ
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ԵһʱƬ˵壬ҵķʶ±ˣȻͷٸǣߡȻ˶֪ȥ˾⡣
ȥʱÿ˾ŶͬˣղǼݵѾսʱҪߣȴһ죬׽סһˣɱֿһȥʱ˴һƬѪ
ҲδѣѾһҪһߣǰѽȴӲ׽ͬһ㶯ãձһ˽ֻͬһˣħԨǱˡ
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էԣЩϤ˹ȥǸԭأλϣһʱľ֪Ǻá
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뿪Ǹصǰ棬˹Ȼˣһʱ䣬˷ֱ治λϣֻܴжϡ
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ûжԣֻص˺ǰʱһǻ٣⣬һһ

գ֮һ¸֪ºҹӰˣȻҪ´˴󣬾һһϦ֮£Ҫ׼׵ڴ֮ǰҪ̫Ű˻ˡ
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˽ȥɶѱԴһ棺ɶ˯ˣʲô
ڴرϣ뵽ʮڣһʱ糱һŵɶҸʲôˡ

ɶñСԴɹһ̲סѱӴ򿪣¹ճ磬ɶŵģˣǺ«֮ȫϲġ
ЩеСɶɵһ񣬿Щ粻ΪνͻȻˡ
̧ͷÿĿ⣬һ̣סˣȻһͷԽ˶Է
磬𡭡
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һɶ·˵ĻҲ֪ȥʮǸ磬ǲԭǸ磬Կ϶ǣǰһǡ
ֱҹ֮ʱŰ˯ţʱһŲ꣬˯š˸ƣɶǺñӣݡ
ʱ׷ǹȥʮ꣬Ҳϣ㲻ˣڣҲ֪ԷҪôδ빬Ҫôɶ
׷ôˣ
ôҴңϱ鷢Ȼ׷̧ͷħԨǱߣж
š
ȥ棬űߵʣ⼸˺ܾãҲû̫ͨŽ羿ͨ˼ģյ˵޽ɺֻб£Ҳֻܴͨͨȥ⣬Ȼ˼䡣˲ûȥ⣬Ǵʲôط˼ģ̫Ž磬޷ֱ˼䡣


2028 
ȥħԨû
һת׷ʵ׷ҡҡͷ˵ǵط޷֮ǰаȥǸʱѾ޷ټȥˣһ
꣬ҲûʣҲûȥֻ̫صǱߣ룬ֻ̫صˣȻֶΣܴ֮ͨĿ϶ʲôֶΣҲ޷ȷŶٻ֪һЩ
׷ʵϣڴΣֻ̫ص䶼עɽϣ룬ǱиĴ㡣
š
Ҳף£ȷʵδãЩ죬Ѿ˵üΣδ޽ٲѣһһ˿ʧʱɢֻأ֮壬
ڣΪҪ˼䲼ЩˣȨȥ˵ǷǶԴΪһУִһֲִͬлʦ¡Уֻδִ
һ̣ۣΣֻһ£Ǿδ룬δ룬ôִͻ˼䣬ɻ𺣡
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۾׷ʱֵӣ˵Ҫ֮ʱƱذŵߣʱ˼ӲȣΣ£Ҳ޷Ԥ֪
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죬Ҫȥ˻ˣȥҪ֪һ£ͬʱҪ֮ԼʱҪ޹⻤󣬳˲йɽ磬ҲЩ󣬴˴ξδ¹ش󣬱ȷһʧ

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һʱŻţ֪룬ֻͷһ֪뵽ʲô־ϲ㵸ӣľֵºǣɣмҪ飬Ҫǡ
ȥ죬ºһˣΪûµǲһòԣٺͿ¿ЦҲƵģˡ

ºҴææϣǰԺ棬Ȼǵֱ֮ʱһĻһĻֳָʱΪԶˡ
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ʵһ󣬹һʮֲԪΪ󣬵Ĵ̫󣬶ʱѾˣšġҲʯ̣ʱʮֵ󷨲Уżǡ
գѳɣʮֵϿܲ󷨿֮ʱԪƱ춯ص
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2029 
ֹһ£һ׼Ϊڣ淽ԲǧڣܹദţЩŶʱδӹ̣ҪȻʱԶԶδѾٵȥֻܾߡ
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ȻһУҲˣʱǱضһʣ޽ɺֻһԼһҪδ룬һ׵顣
գºҲڣԽĵط췣ԽͣԽգ˼Щ̫徳ǿߣҲ޷⣬ºˣѡ⣬žһ֮գѲˡ
˴ѾλºУ棬ԲѵĻδ룬ʶĻδ룬Ǹţ龫ֵѾͷ
ΪˣûκһˣСѾͷϸˣˣҪаСѾͷ޷Ĺû뵽ǣСѾͷȻ˯ʮꡭ
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ʱֹȥ죬һգ׼ø׵ˣֻʣζֻҪζһ̱㿪֮󣬿ǵʱȻζһüѵʲôס
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С㿴
ϣˮС۵ϣҲګګؿϴ͵͵ȥʦ֣Ǵʦģ󣬱Ҳûгȥˣʱ·Ҳܵˣʦϵ
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ʱ£һ֮УȻӰ˴һһˣ໹档
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ΪɽķԷֹ̫ŽϮȴ̷֪ģֻµķ˶Ŀ֮ã˿£˭ҲĵطǶ˵ı


2030 췣
⣬󣬲Źȥ̶գʮ棬µĵط֮ڣֻмµҲ޷мΣűȻ٣˲òÿ֮
ڣ˴ܲĺ磬ԶźŭޣҪһû췣ֲģڻδޣÿһ췣ζֵסˡ
̨֮ϣƮƮζշѾѪ֮۳һ磬һ۵Ľ𲧣췣ףҲ򲻵
֮ѾգԪŵصԴԴ۶ֻ˰ܹάִת֮УâδɫҲŴʱ󷨵ӯú
ʱģ죬ˣһЩҿùڽӽ֮ҪΪδǲ壬һУȫ׷ˡ
գϿƷ췣֮ң֪󷨿ɣܷδڴһ٣Ըȥ˲λѸ󷨶ˣ
ЩɰѰæˣȥϽµ췣Σȴÿʱÿ̼ǷãǷһŻҵˣ޸ľ޴󷨣ദţʹһЩҲûɢվӰ죬޸ֻԽԽŸŻһ󷨣ȫ
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ȻʱǰǵӰȻϢҲѸʧˣٶ֮죬ܹǰѣ
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ת֮£׷˪Ǹһֱ˪ĸо飬ʱ׷䲻ҹӰܹ׷ģҲֻ׷ˡ
׷ع֪ǰλϡֻǵ˼ķҲȻðæ˵Ҫˣ˵ˣΪΡ

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׷˵ͷλϵĻǶһûˣȥɡ
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֮죬Щ˫ѣڽʱһ¡һϷ̫Ҳдѿˡ
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Ȼ˻Ʋ㸲ǣһɸӿµ췣Ϣһø˶ľѣϹΪ̤̫徳Σղǵ췣׽٣Ѿܹɰһ̫徳ǿߴûҷ
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ԼʱֹͣˣǽֻǾ֮ϣֵĺƾȻһγһУģһɿµϹԶ졢ɽЩطܹܵ
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죬歷˸ʮǱߴ췣Ϣֲ췣ϢҲ֪֮δ롭
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ݵȴƫƫݲ£һ
µһ˲䣬ֻߵɳΪģϷǲޣҪ֮ˣֲֵ췣


2031 ֮
䣡
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ղŵ췣ʱЩ΢΢Ҫֵ췣ʹвޣҲ̫ˡ
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췣ϢԽԽǿ۴δ뿴һۣǽȵľףѲٶԥֻһˣϵۣ˺һ㣬һƬһƬ

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Я۹½һһѪɫĽ⣬ڵǾ֮ϣеġ
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ˡˡˡ
ʱһص֮Ȼ֮ζźʬħ
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ʱҲӦˣδѾδȻһģһ
ˡˡˡ
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˾֮ʣ棬ȻһЦʱ֪ʮ棬ˣʲôܹƻ󷨣
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ֻ̫صˡ
ǧϺͶľϵһ±ܳ˶ԷϢضֻ̫صɣΪܸߡ
סǣ
ۼЩҪ߹Ҫάȶ޷ֻЩǰȻЩӲʲôΪһȥûֱԪ񶼱Էˡ


2032 ɱ
ʲôˡҴ˴
ͷͣºһ½䱸ԷΪ׵棬˲֪һӣµ˶ԣİֻ̫ص˼Ҳȸ֮ǡ
ڶŽǱߣ̫ŷ;ŶץƴȥȣйôһζԹҪǵʱɱǵǸԵ
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һһ˹ΪͲͣϽЩأֻ̫صĽ񹦣ΪºЩܹ⣬ǧľλϣҲǶ֡
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ǣһ󷨣ұؽ𣡡ʱ׹УҲͬһ
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ԵˣȻй˼ɣǵʱ֮ϣһܹ췣࿹ӰǸ˵ӡ
һΣ̫Ž´˶ǳأֻ֪һλԱɿ˽ˡ
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˶䱸ʱζ͸ΪϢԽ壬Ҫ˼˽ƣζھϷ֮ʵһϢԽ顣
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һ±Σºµ˶֪룬ǲûҲвǰЩˡ
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Ҳ˲ȥɱˣһ̧ҪʱбһѪɫ͡һѪɽֱۣ˳ȥ

䷢һҽУ˻ȥֻ̫صЩһ㵣ûߣһɼȫ˻ȥ
ߵһ㶣ڿߣǸ۵ˣѪɫַɻʱ洫һ˵ǣһҵ
˽һⲻϵˣһɲǣܵһʮֱµϢζҲס˺ɫأǷһǵ
ǰĺˣ飬ֻ˿һۣͷϴźñ޼˿ģ
ǣҲԤ֮ô
Ͱ׻ľܹܵɺµϢһϢϢˣղһֱնȥֱۣǽ֮죬ǶûӦ
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ؿǰǰˣʼֻ˵һѡ
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Ǻױնɱˣ·˸ǶȻһ㲻֪ǰ˵˭ֶ˵á

ڳһɱһ̣ȸвһɰϢӿɢȥǧľЩ̫徳ߣҲȻеһϣΪ˱ֻ̫صĽ񹦣ʵܱȵģ
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2033 
һĻѸ˸Ŀɿڴ˵˭ʵ֮ǿƾһˣֱɱֻ̫صˣҲòϣ֮ǰԶԶ͹ʵ
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ΪζӰ޴Ԫŵ棬һ֧ͨŸɽ壬ԴԴϸǸˣɽܲ
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Լһʱ𵴲ֹͣѾȹ̣ʱһ𣬽췣֮Ҳ赲档
֮ϵҲȥڿԻˣʱ棬Ϊ⾪ʱˣȫ뵽档
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δһʱЩֱ治ԼںδֻΧЩϤѵǡ
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ˡһΡδʲôű΢΢ɫ˼ˡ
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δ벻ҡͷ͸һЩ֮ɫЩ״Σ·ʶеģҲЩ˿˵Ļ˾˭

ۣ֮ѩӣվڻѩ±ߣķҲܹӦδѾѹˡ
أ㲻ϧǰ󷨣Ϊ˰ѹѹˣǵ𡭡
ʱһӰɫѣҲǰ׷ѩǸӡ
һһߵص飬ֻ߲Ż᲻ᣬ֮ںܶǰҾѾˡ㣬֪ŵҳЩڣðűֵΣգҲҪΪʲô
޹ء
Ȼķֻĸ֡


2034 ħԨ֮϶
ǰ޹ء
·ѩХ˵ֻƾһˣҪ򿪡Ԩǲеģп̨Ҳȥ
ӣ飬̨ȥһβûضܣܵˣҲֹһˡ

֮졣
һλӰҲһЩ챾Ϲ棬ܹɸ߿ۣ֮˺ܿͻָ˹
Щδ𽥺ת֮δܸģҪʵҲΨԪŵΪµ֮󣬲ԸЩûиδ룬֮û˵ȥҵġ
ʮ꣬Լֻ̫ص飬δҲ֪ˣ֪ñȱ˸̫࣬ŽԲֱӴͨһͨ˼䣬ѵ濴һУģ
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Щ죬һֱδ빬Уѩ׷ףȻһƬһƬѩĻ꣬ѩδϵĻԴδ֮Щδ뻨ֿòƣѩ
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δüȥЩ꣬Ѫܹɴ磬֮϶ķӡԽԽǿѾ޷ٴԽķӡˣλ磬ͨ챾죬Ҳ޷˼䣬˾Ԫ֮˫ͬҲ˼䣬һΣ֮϶ͨζţ˾˼ˡ
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δǰ˵ѾðȥˡҡҡͷһΣҴȥ

º󣬱ħԨԭһƬޱ޾ɳĮѾһ׵ĹԨҲޱ޾һû˸ҴȥҲ֪̫ŽЩˣͨԨ˽ġ
ܹﳹ׷ӡ˼еΣ
˵΢Ůۣ΢ŮۣŮҲڣȻȥɽģ΢ŮΪͣŮǶµʦȻ˥ֻһԪڣһԪ϶µħͬʮǿȥȻҪԸ޽ɺֻأԼ̫Žǿߡ
ӡ˴ܵġ
ʱδҲܰӡסʲôɲһѺô򵥣֮϶֮һҪӡ֮϶˵ۺ;ŮǵֶͨΣкٰܹ쵽
ҲǳǰħԨĳȵھκһѺ۶ѶԸɽǱߵѹȣҲԶԶǰħԨҪӡǾɽȺˣܰ쵽
ܹѴ˴ӡסģΨһ˼֮һġԨ˼ÿһӵжһ޶Ԩǿķӡ䣬ûʲôԨӡסģԨɽ£˼ӡŦڣǽ֮ƶӡ˴ħԨǹʲôӡס
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˿̣Ѿһָо֮˼䶨ᷢһ£Ҳġյ㡣


2035 ħ
Ȼ˻ص֮ûգǱߺȻٶϮ̨Ŀش̨ķӡɢȥһаħ֡ƷǳΣ
ϣ𽱨Ǳߵ飬̨İ꣬ΪҲʮָߣܹش̨ķӡɢȥȲȥܣֻ̫صĹƣֻ֧Ųסһŵ𣬽˼Ҫ˼䲼֮Ծֻ̫صƻ
˴ȥţΪţΪδ룬Բֻ̫صƻˡ
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ȵɽʱֻһƬƬƻۣصһ͵ÿҪɽѹּʮ裬߳
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ʱѵ˻ˣЩδȥǲ֮Уʱһаħҡ޹ĵĳٴγŷĹơ
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ʱּǲ֮УâһɽͷӰ˿ȥΪʮ֮ߣַų⣬֮ƣһȥɽ磬Ҳɶ
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ǧѣü˵һϮ֮ʱ请أǧ޸请󷨣Լ֮ˡ
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ħǧ˹ӣǧʶһ


2036 
ħǧѿ˹ɭɭЦһĻǿģʶҲ޷̽
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ħߵǧѵǰ˻ѾԹȥһۣȻɭɭһЦȥɱ˱̫󣬲
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ħعͷ壬ͳֲ㾹Ҷҳ֣ȥ֮ҶҪߵ۾ġ
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δ뽫ͷһƫ﷢һߣȥ뻹Ϊ˹ȥ˵ǻħȷʵҲһ㡭һ뵽հǻ棬ǰһУʵģֻص˵̨֮һĻһĻʵһ̲סһȻˣ棬δ룬͵
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ôһ˵һ㶣棬ԼһƣǵûԼһƣˣ᲻Լأ
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߽һЩ߱紵ҵͷһ·֪͹ȥôˣ꣬ûɽֻ᲻δء
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δ뽫ͷһƫԲȥһֻعͷҧҧǸ˼ƾѾԭˣֵ˶ˣм°һֱûҵ˵̫ˣ˵
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ôһ˵ȷʵЩ֣Ȳ˵ܵţΣȻλϳ⻹ܲ
δʦ໹治ھˣԨüҲڣǣˣ㲻˵Ѿؾչغöˡ
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һ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ʲôǧţĿģֻ᲻Ϊһ顭


2037 ޽ɣֻ
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δֳ죬ʵعҡҡͷûʲôǰȥ
һ·ϣֻʱȥǧѵ飬һ뵽飬Ըûδ뿴
δʵҲ³Ȼʱδ˼䷢ִ˾ˣûиӦ˿ϢԿ϶ǲû˼䣬֮ǰĲ²⣬ҲЩò׼ˡ
գֻصɽɽϸŸɵǻ̻̲·ҲԤеˣдȥ请壬鿴ǧѵƣһ֮ǧѱʱȥˡ
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ǧ۾ò˵˼䣬ֻҪҳ۾ķ
۾˭ʵ
ǧѿشа۾֮ŵף֮ŷΪ͡а۾һһɷΪסұǣɷġ
˴׷ӵɷ˺͵۾ͬ۾б̲ЩȻ˼䣬֮֮϶磬Ϊ֮֮ҰĲɷˡ֪ɷˣһǰʵ˼ˡ
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һ˲䣬ˣǴռң⹫ճ꾭ʱ˵ģиغԼ⹫ȥ׷ִ֮ˣħ֮ˣ󻹱ԷĹ䰵ˣ䣬е
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ɽ˼һپ٣һ뵽ֻ̫صЩֶգòǶԹɽҲֽţùɽ޷֧Ԯ˼䡭²Ƚ̨ߵ޸˵

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üͷ̨⣬ѾܵǹɳԽؽƵϢˣȻֻ̫ص˳ˡ
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ʱؾǱߣԨüһ¸ӦˣǿΪϢȻֻ̫صˣԭ˼дƣ˻޷˼䣬ڿҲסˡ
ʦܣʦãȳȥԸˣعҡ
ʱؾ洫˵Ԩü¶һۣǵʦ߻ħʲһֱڴ˴ҪȻͳȥӭˡ
ȥɣ˵Ϊǳ֮ߣɽĽƣ赲һ󡣡
ؾٴδ˵棬ǹɿֲϢѾԽԽˣԨü˲ԥȥˡ
ؾ棬ֻϣ˫֮䣬һ̫ͼһһ·˫֮䣬㽫ǳﾡС

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ĸֺ˲䣬һοֲ֮ϣһ췣ȫ赲˰֮⣬췣Ҳ˲˷ֺ
˸ǴĿģ֮ˣʦܰ޽ɣ̫ŷˣԱߵĺ֮ˣʦֻأ¾Ŷ֮ˡ
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վֻ̫صǿߣһڻˣ˵Ϣȷʵǿ˿ѷھЩˣӦ桢һĴڣȴϵ̫Ѫ
ֳգһ±ý޽ɺֻҲã޽ɲſڵ̫ŷϡ

鵭Ȼػص
ʱֻֿڵҲϡ
ԡ
У˵֮ʱѾ˶˵ʵΣ˼䡭ѾҲܹԸ˵ˡ
ܺá
Ȼֻһ̧бֳһɫӡһֱ̨ץ˹ԭ̨棬ŵ󷨽磬ЩƣһɲǷ·ͬʱʧȥã޷ֵסһɫӡ
ʱ̨Ӱһɫӡͬʱ֣䡱һ˷ֹмɽ壬ֱӱˣ̳Ԩüλϡ
ȻǶ˺Ҳ޿ֻء޽Ϲǿߣ޽ɺֻֻʣʮ֮һΪҲܶԸ˵ģǶԸһ΢ͬȸЩˣԣҪԸֻغͰ޽ˣֻǰѽɽϣŸɵ˼һ𣬶


2038 
Сģ
ǧһ˲ֵסֻһµֻһƱ֪ʵɷҲǶ֡
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ȥһԨüںҲܵˣʦֳأ˵Ķ֣üǧѵѣҲһЩ
ȻǧΪü֮ϣǺʵģûȥ⣬۶ҲȻԽüϡ
ʱԶӰ߶ưѸپϢ䲻޽ɺֻ֮ǿҲСӣǵΪ֮ˣǰ޽ɺֻصĴӣ΢߻ӡ
λʦ𡣡
΢⼸λʦԣһٿǱߣ˻ڵֿ΢ϣλʦ𣬻˿֮⣬˼Ѿ˵㣬ǵǰģǶ۵Ѱ·
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ŵ۹½ʱܹܵԷ֮ǿɿһѹһѺֵĽܹ۹࿹˽̫֮һǡ
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ǰѽǣ޷״ӣδ뻹һϳˣǴ˵֮һĹװ޽ɺֻ˼ˣԹ֮ƿĳĽ磬ǵطǷĽ磬Ҳʱ֪
ʱ۹࿹ѽĽʮͣͬΪ۹µĽɷ֮Ҳͬʮ塣
ʱǧҲ˳ˮһɳײһ𣬶ʱ죬һ۶Žֻ±ˮϹ񽣣ҲܵȾ
ʱֻһ֮ǧѺˣȴȻɫģʵΣȻԣڶ֮ϡ
һߣ޽ɲߣֱӳǱ߷ȥҪõϵ霣ɽķӡǶԣҲΪҪ໹ķӡˣǾõ霣Ҳٽӡ򿪡
Ԩü¼޽´ɫһ䣬ҪӲƴʵĻ˾Ʋǰ޽ɵĶ֣ΨŵĽ󷨣ǿסһͬʱ˸߷ɫγһؽƣѰ޽
ŵĽҲʮǿ޽ɴʱȴǺ޹˼ɣ˹޽ɣ˲䣬һν֮ӿȥһɫ⣬ʱȻʧɫ׷ɽ׹䡣
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ǿ󷨣ҲҪ֧ţ˿̫ŽЩǰԴԴ϶붦Уܹʮˣһʱ䣬ɷ֮أ˵˿ɽϵˣǺЩֻ̫صˣﲻϴ֮еͷƤ飬ȻֻΪ˲ٻ˵Ѫꡣ
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أǧҲɫ˸ǾŲѣȻҲˣֻ̫صˣҪɽ˭Ӳȥˡ
ҪȥҪȥ
ЩѾˣȥǸһɳȥֱ֮»ΪһƬѪȻǾŸ˽ȥʹ󷨵֮øˡ
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ޣͼȻֻزµľŶ󣬳ʮϵķ֮ǿߣʱǲޣҲ޷ƿŶιǾŸȻѪ졣
޽ɺֻĮȻؿɽЩˣЩ˼϶ѣǸںֻں˼ֻںɽķӡ

߷棬вѪڵϣѪ͸˳ѾʼãΪŧѪĿֲǳ
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ʱȥˣδɫѾʼЩ԰ףȻѪȴԽԽŨˣϢѾ͸ɽÿһ䣬ûһܹѣЩԭ˵ĵӣʱǳܲסΪһ̯ŧѪ
ʱһŨŨѪ֣ŵ˶ľ֣ãҲٷˣǲʶ֮գ࣬ԪŵأŸɶҪˡ
ΧϣһգлΪһ̯ŧѪ˫ĿԲô죿αסţ
ʱڵ̫ѪȻ˳ʮͻȻѵζˣ
ֻ̧ĵѪ֮ӡ˸ȫѪ֮ҪȼһȻһ޴ĺɫһ²ס΢ˣһ⧲΢Щ˷ӦʱѾһƬѪһˣǺɫס˲䣬ΪѪŶʱʧȥһ
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2039 Ļ
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Ŷٴݻһ֮ƻƫƫԷӰӶûгֻ֣һɫʧִ֣ȫû֪һγ֣
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Ȼδϵóض̫֮һ췣ӵмǿĽ֮Ǳ췣סģҲ롣
ʱǺɫʧֳ֮һֻһƬҽһˣҲ˲ҷ𣬻Ǳ֮ϣһŨŨĺȻһһ͸档
̫Žʮ֣ת˲֮䣬ֻʣˣŶҲֻʣˣʣµˣҲǾ֮񣬿Ǻ֣ܣѱסɲǼ

ֻǺɫʧĵطһȻǹҲδöԷֳʣˣľɫʤھʣҪôߣҪôұߡ
޽ɺֻضϢ䱸ţһ˲䣬ֳ֣ˣ޽ɺֻͬʱ֣ԾһһʣµˣƤӵ£ΪһƬѪ
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Ļ졭
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Ļ졭ˡ
δϢǰ˱ĪĻ֮꣬ɱĸ֮ˣΪڴˣΪҪȥ޽ɺֻص󷨣ѵܣôܡ
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ɽϵˣ˶֪ĻĻ죬ʹԨüλϣҲֻ֪һ֪ģĻֻ̫ص˼ĻĻˣҲֻ̫صˣΪε
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棬䵭ڳ˶еһղ̼ɱʮˣֶΣĲ֮С
Ļ죬Ȼ̫Ž硣޽ɺֻؿǰ֮ˣһ㺮ɱ⡣
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洫䵭ҲЩ˷ѽ⣬һɲǣ޽ɺֻϵɱøˣʱǾ㲻ɽߣҲҪȽǰ֮ɱ
һ˲䣬޽ɺֻٲԥͬʱȥһʱ׹´Ȼˣ˵ֿ׵ʵʱ״¡
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洫һмߣһ̣ĻϵϢҲüǿһ̫֮˵Ϣ췣֮ӶҲŻ֮һƥĽ֮ΧӿɢκŶ³

һľ죬췣һ߾̫ףʱһ𣬲ֲ١
Ÿɵ˵ڲžԶʱɢˣֻ̫صҲĻ춷һ˶ðȥŵһڳҲûκΣ׼ĪҲǶЩɽȥˡ
ܿ죬гϰڵ⳷룬ҲԸǽոȥЩӣŵָ˭֧ţοЩŵӺЩ˲ͬǶйеģŵ˳ҲԸʱͬŶߡ
ϣ޽˺Ļ춷ңʱеɱ⣬ҲԽԽˣһҲȥδ״ڴʱҲȥûб޳ͷԣʱȻĻ޽˶һǾʲôȽ˰޽ˣٱ
ǧҲȥ˫Ƭ̣ԨüҲˣˣһЩԸߵĳϣԼźɵĳϣҲ׷׼ɽȻǻ֪ĻͻȻֵкĿģڿش޽ɺֻò
˶һȴַɽ˵޽ɺֻˣ˵޷ˣǧѶ˵ˣ˾ĳ񹦻һư޽ɣ췣ֱӵ
Сװ׺ķԪ
ǧߣղǺֻضʱͷˣԷĳֽ֮ȥ֣֮õ۹½̫ҵѪ˵˷ֺ
˺һЩ
ȴа۹ҲƲ˵Ľ֮ʱѪָһĨѪѽʱѪ죬һɿֲ͸ֱӿ
һʽ񷣡
һ޽նȥһѰ֮ǶµĽһնɽΪ𣬽ƺͣɰ޽ȴ˿δзϣָһʱһɫĽ֮ӡ䡱һһɵˡ
ө֮⣬ԡ
޽ָһһɫĽ֮ӡת˲ֻһָͶǧѺͻδͬʱǰ˺Žһ֮ӡ¡
һߣֻصĹĻ췣֮һͻȻֻʹһйĪƷǡֻơǴ֮ˣضĻһҲٿطһƣײ춯أһɲǣֻڲ쳣һ±øˣ㲻Ļ졭Ǻˣ
ţ޽ҲͣǶôõˣȻĻ죬ֻ˭ΪλĻϢΪλֻ̫صϢ
Ļ죿ǺǡʱغҲͣջ䵭صˡ
ʲô
ԣɽϵ˾һǰˣ˰쾹ȻĻ죿˭
˭޽Ҳһ±øˣϢ˵
˭λ²¿
ԽһأǺֵɭһ˿͸ɽҲס˺Ψʱ̧ģѪ֮ӡܡ


2040 
ߣŪ飡ҵҪǺˣ
޽ָһţһɼǿĽֱ֮˷ӿȥһ˽ӵסǺ˫һ췣ʱ¡һ޽ɵֵ⡣
ʦܣĪԣԪ˵
ʱֻҲٴչƣָһһ˷˹ȥʱ䣬ɭɭһ۵£һɷᦡΪֻᦣκ˵ԪֻҪһУҲ룬ʱϣϴּ֮ɭɭԹƣ֪˶˵ľԪ
Ǻ̫ž췣֣Ҫһ֮޽ɺֻˣٴͨҲǾһʱһѪɷֱ߷ȴˣһֻնȥ

۹½ֻصĹֶһ𣬰޽ָһһ֮֮ͬСɣδ˲ǰһܶʱ⻪һǿŽ޽ɵĽ֮סǵɽٻؾѰԻҲǷǳ
˫һֻغͰ޽ʵɽϣǿüºԨҲɽŹȥһԷϵĽֱ֮ӻΪ׹ɽȡ
˵ǣĵ۹½˲˷ֺ˶ȥǲһԪľʱ͸ֹܹˡ
ͻȻ޽һ͹ϮδǧͬʱһɼʹˣҲδܹ׵סĽ֮ʱǺӰһΣ췣֮˲ǰ棬һ޽ɵʽֵס޽ֻһǹѣɱУȴʦֻ
ֹ𣡡
ֻһ̧һڷʱһ˲䣬㽫УΨǧһ۶ȫ˳ȥ
ʦ֣
ղˮһֱĵʱʦֱ˵ĺڷ˽ȥɫұ䡣
ǧԱߣҲأԾδֻֻһϣ˫ֿǡֹ𡱵Ĺʱ޷ټ߽ˣֻʣ°޽һˣٶȹ
ʱߣΨǧ۶ȫʵһսɵֻɽĽ󷨣Ը
һʱ䣬սٿǧƾһ˶Ը޽ɣȻǲܵ飬ֻϵһʱһʱ
˿Ǻڷ棬ĳֻһҲȥĵطֻصġ硱Ǳеģƿ磬Ҳӵóȥ죬գҪ
ʮְǺϥڵϣɫЩ԰ѿƺǸղˡͻδվԶĵطҲһ˾˭Ҳ˵ãȿʣ˭
ǺڵϣԾɲ˫Ŀգظʱ԰׵ɫȴԻָ
ڣδ˹ȥѰ˼ãСʵ㡭𣿡
бƱʲôݺһ£ļףĸףˣǰ˭ΪҪѪĸоô¡
ã˲۾ñȥǶµòͬǰ׷˪һǣϣǿ˷˪˫֮УҲһ˵Ĳɣ
һʱЩˣǰˣ濴ģǸϤİˣһģһ
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塭
ǰˣδһʱҲЩګګȻһʼĸоûдǰˣĻ죬壬ô£Ļ죬

Ӷʹǧһʱȴֲ֪Ӻ˵翴ԵĻδ룬ͷ·𿴼˵ԼĸףͰᣬ˶Եġ
ګګվԭأǰֻˣϤİĸоһԷ˹ȥտʣĸĸأ
ϣһʧȥ˼ѪɫһһĻһĻָǰΪ˱ճĺӺˡ
ԡĸףˣ
Щ˫Ҳ𽥺ˣ缴ʹۣһĻһĻҲǲǰһһٴ
㡭Ϊβ
Ȼʳһ仰Ա߻δȴȻһһס䣬ҡҡͷʾҪ˵ȥˣѾʹˡ
꣬ȲˣĻʵ̫ǿֻһӦڻȪȣĻ֮һƭͰᣬĻ쾹ϧһ
һУٴθѾ˳𣬵ǰᣬҲԶزˡʮĻݻţ뾡һа취վǲٸᡣ
ԣʬħҲڵġĻô뵽ʬħԼôңҲҲʬħˡ𣿡ʡ
𣿡翴
ޣֻЩԹԹûоĸףҲ֪길ѾȫǲȣǾȲˣΪڸ׵ŸոճԼ
۾ںˣתδӣŮʵǡ
δ롭
ԾЩʣ翴Żδ룬ΪһۿŮĲϾźͰһǿ갢Ϊ䲻ߣһȴܼ
ֻǡһ̣ȻҲˣδ֮壬Ԫһ뵽˰ᣬѵŮҲͰһһʱ̲ס
δʱܵõıˣæת⣺壬ʲôطγȥ
ع˿ΧһƬ˵ֻص磬ΨнƿܳȥǶ˹󣬴ָЩٽ˴ƿ
ԭˡ
δʣҿʮΪǶ˲ǣ
͵޽ɺֻأ̫ŽĽ֮һ֮ǵ̫ŽǼλǿµģǡ޽ɡʹ췣Ҳ˲Ƕˣܹƿ֮
֮üҪƿ㡰޽ɡѵֻпʬħ𡭡
뵣ģӦô˵ȴЩûףΪθ׵Ĺ֮
һʱָһЩδȥ漴һɫĹâճһɼǿ֮
һǡ̫
һ˲䣬뵽ˣ⼸ǧţζޣҲҪѷһ׵꿴̫Ȼʱûȴȫμ֮Ը׵츳̫ζ˼Ҫû˿ԳԽ


2041 
ǲҪ
ͻδ˵ȥʱ֮ԽԽǿźδҲһ̼ǵõңյĽʱ뵽ˣ츳Ϊ̱𣬱Ȼҵ̫̫ľԪԵʱʱû˵뵽ʲôڿʱò
ʱ棬ǧ޽ɶüңҺɽһЩ󷨣ȫֻµס޽ɣҲֻʱѣ˴ˣܡ
һߣֻʩչǹ罫˳׷ϴʱΧպȻһ֮Ǻ˳ֻصʱشһ˳ȥȻҲˡ
ʦ֣
޽ɲ죬ʱҲ˲ǧѶˣһɣѸֻصߣղһ£ֻزûˣֻ֮ɫҵ硭
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޽ɿ˵ţɽ棬һԣȴ޲¶ɫ仰ʲô˼˾Ȼһ֮
˷׷翴ȥ˵ģȷʵһ񣬵ǵ꣬δ˵֮иװڹŴ񵽵Ӥ𡭡
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ϵԽԽǿˣҲܹ̫ܵ͵ĺƣֻǲûħҲûôǿҵԹ塣
֮ˣ˿Ը
޽䵭仰˼ƺǰһλ潻ˡ
ڻµ˲䣬޽ɺֻͬʱ繥һɲǣƾ䣬ʧɫ޽һѪֻ֮һɫϢһƥ֮·𵽴ʱʦֵܶˣչֳʵ
״Ҫǰһһɾһ½ͳʮɾ룬˫ɫӿȥ䡱һزƾһ֮Ѱ޽ɺֻ˶赲
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״һҲȥˣʱڰУ˶ţϵĽɫ޽ϵѪɫֻ֮ϵĺɫ֮֮Ȼһ𣬼ǸҲʵŤˣκ˶޷ٿǵȿֲΧ£̫徳ǿߣҲҪ˲ҷ
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ס
վԶʱҲѾˣҲ룬ǰȥδδ룬ס
δڸղžѾ֪Ҫʲôˣһֱ׼ţʱһ˲ȥסˣҪȥ
δ룬ſң
˫ԲѲãǿδ룬ֻ翴ȥҪʲô
ȴû˵ǽľٶѾˣҪʲôһ˲䣬ȫ棬һһ˲䣬ɣ˶ˣ⡭ˣ

˫Ŀѣ˺ѷεĺѾֹˣ֮ܽȫͷųƿ޽ɺֻصĽ֮ܽش
ܡ
޽ɺֻǶȻһһ˲䣬ǰ֮˾һѪش󵹷˳ȥ֮ҲĽɫˡ
סжؼ䣬ؼ䣬ˣڼʬħҪˣ޷
ǷлȻ㻯ǵĹâ֣ǵĹâղŸոô˿Ժ棬һĻһĻϤİĳϤİˡ
ɽϣҲˣδվԣһĻ˫Ҳˣ
ǰУǵĹâʱһһĽɫͬʱеĸµһֱ˯ŵ˿ɫϣɲǼ侹ҫ۹ԡ
һ̣˫Ҳ͸ɫĹâȫ£һƥһʹﵽǰδеļޣ

Ʒһ޽ɺֻسȥղ˱شϵĽ֮Ѿƣʱδֻü֣ȴ䡱һƴ˾ܲסһѪ󵹷ɳȥǺɽͷײûҷĳ
ɽ棬Щ̫ŽĳϸֿһĻ޲ŵľѣʱҲ˲ôˣæҪ赲
ȥ
˫Ѫ죬״һ죬ʱ׹֮Уһɫ췣֮ʱ

һֻ췣֮ôһɨΧɽͷֱӱѣ̫Žĳϸ֣һ췣֮ٴı£Ҳ˲

Ȼȫ񣬻췣̫֮ŽЩɨȥ֮䣬Ѿȫҷ𣬾ǣ췣֮档
޽ɺֻؿһĻ¶ɫղǱ˵̫أ˽֮ǰϻһɼǿѣټ췣֮ǾƲǶ֣궼Ҫ췣档
ȻС˽磬˶һۣҪߣǶӵ췣֮˲ȥͬʱδҲһ˲ס˵·ôδйı£Ạ̊́ڻߣµ˲䣬Ҳһǿ˼޵ӿɢڳ֮ˣ޲һ


2042 
ֻغͰ޽֪ղͻȻ֣ǱȻ࣬ǷشֻҪص̫Ž磬ٰʮٳˡ
Ȼգ뿪˾ǰô׾뿪

һȣͨ죬е췣֮˲䳯˲ȥֻҪ췣֮סǶ˽ˣԪ϶ܣ췣ԪҲӲ
ۼʱ˲ӣͬʱ˸֪ʲôڶ˵ǰѸһѪ⣬䡱һ췣֮赲
ʱǧҲͻȻϮˮϺݣղ޽භЩʱƻ
˼ҲϮæһѪ⣬ǿסĽ⣬ɽ˼ƶת֧ŲסˣʱҲ׷׳ɽ˹ȥֵѪǿҲסô˹һѪⱻƣǶ˽տҪˡ
޽ɺֻ벻ʦֵܶˣվ˾ǱΣ֮ΣĪҪЩƴʯ٣Ҳͬղһ
˶һۣҲֻóץһͷһھѪʱ䣬ڶѪƣֲ֪˸ʲô䣬ֻһˡˡԶʩչʲôаѷɽ˻𴦡һѣΣϣһ֣δ֪һ·ɹȥסˡ
ԭˣʬħʱס˷ȴǵԪʱסˣ˸ԥ̱ҪߣüºԨλ׷ŵЩˣҲ׷׷պòشߣպȶ˺ˣǶ֣
򲻸Ұ˷ߣǾ޽ɺֻأҲܹģ׷޽һ죬һɫӡ⧲һʮ˱
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üϿ޽ǧʹɱУæǰʱֻһƴ顱һһشϣ󵹷˻ȥ

ɽϣ请ĵӶŵþ˳ǧɫһ䣺ʦһ̣ɱ޽˹ȥ֮ʣϧѪԪʵȷʵֱÿһܶԸ
Σһ̣ϺȻһɽһɰΪϢʱɽ˶ûӦһٿط˲仯һӰһɫĵۣ׷ƮƮȫ⻪֣һ㣬˶˳ˣ
ãɽš
޽ɺֻҲܵˣɿֲΪϢĳ֮ȫʢʱڣ֮һ˫˫𣬻ΪϲߣҲȥǧˣҪǿжߣһ̧һ⳯ȥűһ𣺡λռȻˣҿҲˡ
аɳһ¾ĳֽһֻغͰ޽ɽ棬޷ʩչѡ
˾˵£һʱϲˮղһֱǳţʱʦչسҲʱ˵úʦ棬ץס
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üºԨҲסˣ˴˿̱ǣǿ˴ʱģֻܹ޽ɺֻǾֵ˼޵˫ۡ

޽ɺֻͬʱһҽУһ̣ϵĹȻϱ˹ȥ˹ȥԪ񣬶ˡ

˲ҽвϣ̫Žδʱ˱˰ͷڶԷ֮£ѲһĹԪ񣬶޷Էһ˫ƣȫȡ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ȫȥĿ֮£ƤңԪ񣬶˸ˡ
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ת˿ʱģһ󺮲ҲǴǰǰɷˣ˿ü֮ϣһѪӡԭӡӦǽɫĲŶԣ˿ȴɭµѪɫ
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ˮҲסˣղŻڸˣʦܽǶ˷ڿʦµӣиղţʦ澹Ȼ˵ľԪˣ̫ˡⲻǴǰǸ۰ʦˡ
ԶѾʱʬħѹȥδԽţ˴ʱˣǧѴʱҲ˵ߣǻǱߣڽ䱸ˡ
ģ顭
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ʱ֪˴һʣգһ±ý̨ϣۣϵգҲ֪ŵǱ̫ʵ飬Ե꣬Ŷ˵ߣطʦ֣ŰŽĪҪɺ쳾֮СʧҰ
ʦ뿪֮ʱ˵źģδܿ𣬶һֱûĻҪ࣬ػջԻ͡
Թħ;һ;ƫƫħ޴ڣĶħħԣǧʮһָһ٣ؽ޷԰Σ
һĻĻڿ˵Ժʵ죬ѾˣˣѾĶѾħһ죬ˡ
ԭʦⱾ̫ʵŵľ飬мһ㣬һ㣬ǵħʦõһЦãЦְԼһӡԺ
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ˣԨü¾ɫһ䣬һɲǣоȻ͸һɱˮŵһ̱˵ϣĺ£૵ʦ桭
Ҳ޲¶ɫ̻ıͽΥٲĻһ䣬ڣȻͽɱôܣ
ü⡢лشĸͽܣҲסˡ
ʱһӰȻԣеĽָˣصʦʲô
ˣȴ


2043 ħ
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ʱڳģü⡢ˣýָˣ޲ɫ䣬һ̣˶ܵˣϵĺɱ

ֱһָ֮ףһ°ȫסˣʹǿ˰޽ɺֻһĹ;Ԫټ飬ô׿ģ

ʦʦֳ֣ˮֱŵʧ˳һ˲䣬һҲ˲ԡʮֵָȥ飡ָײʱɽѣΧһѿˡ
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һΣϵĺɱˣ˶ˣ޷һͨĺ֮ΪϾصɱοǶͽ
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ԴǣҲɾһôҲ˵䡰ӡܴ򿪡ʲôĻֱôΥˣ񲻸ǶԷɱ
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ˡ
Ÿɵ˶ˣʱΨһܹ뵽ģֻС߻ħѵ飬Ѿ߻ħˣ
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˲ͣȳѪֻףⲻΪ飬˵ħԣжǱصħԾжأˣһħԽǵĸ֮ˣԽ޷ͷ
˶˵ʵñȸղֻ̫ص˸Ҫµöֻ࣬ûֹˡ

ʱԶʣȻһʵ˾Ǿһֻɽ⣬һɫӰ˲ϢϢѵҲŵˣ
Ԩüµ˶סˣֻһɫĶۣϤϢѵǡ
˱ۣϥڵϣ˹ָƣ֪˿Ǻˡ
ƿñֳһŲϵòڳ֮ˣһЩС֪Щָߵˣ޲ʧ˳طţ
ԭˣŵʮţҲ˵ʦ˵ʦ֣طˣ߰ǰʱͰŽˣδǰ
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˵ϵóǰ˭ط˰ŽʱʱһĻһĻʱüºԨҲסˣطʦ𡭡
ֻط̾˵Լߣܴ̫飬ǽգ㶨Ҫ𣿡
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ʹڳ֮ˣѾ֪飬߻ħǴ˿һλϴԣ飬ԭһֱŵɵ伮һº˲ǵҲҲ飬ԭһֱ
Ҳۣòŵʦ˵Ҫ෢仰һֱûǣʦǷѾˡ
ԣڳ˶Ĭˣź䶦ʢ˥䣬Ŷ벻ˣֱٶǰɫԭ˵ħʱ򣬿ûһ档
ʹ˼ΪҲϧ𣿡طʵ

ʱ˴˵һּ̨̣ǱȥռʹʦˣҲҪҡ
ǰһԨزͷˡط˵
ڳ֮ˣګګ̨ϣ̼ǵõ꣬ȥǸ飬̼ǵõ꣬ȥǸһڡֵ
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˴ʱѾħһ˵ڷӡܹԨķӡ
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ͻȻٴγ̨һˮԶüһ½ˮסȥ档Ҳǰֵˣ֮ǿʵܵ
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̨ϣХü¡Ԩɡط˶ˣڻǧѵˣǿӣҲѰֹǵ͹ӵ͹˵ħԡ
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Ŷˣֻһʤ㣬һʤ㶼ҲҪֹˡ


2044 ħ
һɡǡ
Ҳԥˣ϶Ȼһ֮าԣѾν뿴˼ȫɣһսɱ⡣
Ҳԥͬʱ˹ȥ˶飬ʱͷųģһǿµ֮Ǳ飬˻ǲ˲١
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˿һۣ˲һ´ȥԷֹٶȹüºԨλϣȻҲشϾûзط˺ͿôأʱѸٴŷطˣ뿪⸽

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ˮʦȻʦ汳͵ϮȥҲŵþгҪֹǵΪļǧѰ㣬ʱֻţǧһʦԺش̵
һ˲䣬ǧѼ۶ޣһЯ֮ƣͳϮڳ֮޲Ȼɫɾһ˲䣬Ժһ顱һǧһȥ˿޷˵ˡ
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üˣһ亹ŸɵˣղһҲţٿ˾Ѿ򷨲֣Ĳˣ
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˪һ͸ɱԭ㣬һֱǱšգɣ䣬ɲ֮һֱӰǧѪ󵹷˳ȥ


2045 ɷ
һĻ˶סˣа۾ʱץס˻һаԪ֮ͳ˹
а۾㾡ȫʱǰаԪ֮󺣣ɲ⣬Ǽ֮ǿҲܲסƫƫʱ˿壬һ̧̫һ½а۾аԪ֮ͨͨ˼
⣡
а۾ʱɫʱаԪͺƺˮһԴԴϱԷ˹ȥ

֮䣬а۾ϴаԪ˹ȥʱ澪֣ȴ޷֮ͺƱԷסһ
ԶҲѾղǿ˰޽ɺֻ˵ľԪа۵һаԪֻ֣

а۾ѲãϽŤˣֻϵɷɣң
ȻʱɷϣҲ˵Ȳа۾ǾȵˣҪð˴գҲδؿȥ

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һ±һ̧һ֮Ȼǽ޷ȥɷ󣬾ܰҲ档
ɷ󣬱Ը޽ɺֻصģɱƺ߹ˡ
ʱԶȻһӰһۣͷϴŶñһʱ˵òֻܿһͷ˪׷иղŵΪΡΪΡ
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Ѿߵɽ˿ס˺ܹ󷨿ס˵ģʲôˣ
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鵭˵ţڳˣһ֮ʮԪŪȷѪ֮
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ˮҲģŴʱʦ֣ĸʦ֣
˾֮ʣ̨ȻʱŻعµ˼Σûнأ


2046 
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ǰ˹ȥ˵ţ⼸죬Ǻúôˡ
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鵭ص죬ѾûˣϹϵ֮󷨣һɱ󡣡
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˵꣬һԶȥˣ˶Լ׽ˣΨûС
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磬İ
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ԣҲѾûôҪˣ˿УѾû˳ޣһƽ·գֻصƽ
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˵ͷŷǰ˵Ҿ֪һ
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˵ţѾǣɶȥ棬ǧѻԭһҲȥˡһΣҪһսˡ

ɽĵطδ歷ˣ˴ѾûˣҲ֪ȥġ
ʱϺȻһ𵴣һ񷶥֮ϣֳ˼Ѻۣųҫ۵Ĺâ
δ̧ͷЩѺۿһ˵֮϶Ѿ正ȥɡ
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歷˺˶סˣδͷ֮˼ܻȥɡ˵ţֽɽϵõǶȡ˳歷ܹѺ۵ķ϶
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歷Щʵδ롭أ
δЦЦҡͷ˵Ҫ࣬һҲȥˡ

˶С歷˵䣬Ҳ޳ʦ棬һߺòá
δһЦȥգ棬һҪʦĻ𣿡
šʦĻˡСһѽסˡ


2047 ħ
˵飬˵δɣ뿪ɽ
ԪϣطڣʱҲ߶ȽţطΪĴ֮һԶϱߵǧɽԲδܵƻҲúþˡ
طȹѾڸ½Ʒ󣬷κߣֱɱ⣬ɼطҲ˾֮񣬲ľԱˡ
طȻһλ棬֮ΪҲʮָߣطһģʱ䣬ڹ򣬲طǰѹŽط桱Ƿǳ
գһӰɽ棬飬ģһӰ׷
ϡ
׷ߵʱգȻƺΪϡ
š
ǰţһߵأ¸ӣԼԼɼһЩطȵҲʮǿǡǡסϱߵ󷨣¿õĽ취ǽطɽΪã˼ǣҪѲط󣬺һĵ
ǲطȵ˿϶ͬ⣬˼ΣϾǼǧĻҵǶȻ׷ģ·˵һҪطȣǾһҪطȵ˲ϽɱˣԣЩͳԷ˯𣬱統һͳħԸ˳ģǾ͹˳Ը˳ģǾ
׷ȻҲóʱĴ㣬ʵϣڡ𣿡
鿴Ĳطȣһŵأȥ˵طҪˣһ뿪˵أǲԸǾɱˡ
á
׷˹֣һʱطȥˣ沼ؽ󷨣Щ󷨣ͨҲͰˣҪס׷û͡
׷֮󣬰ϵĻתˣܿ죬طȵ˶˳ϵŵɫɷף˵һλϲ㲻ȥԸֻ̫صˣһССط
Ȼطȵ֪ǱߵˣֻǶȥۏ˻ˮѡ
ʱطȹҲˣϵһڸղʱоͲѣʱɹ򶨣˵ط෸Ǻ⣿
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齫˫ָ󣬵ͬĻϲظһڣȫ뿪Ҫˡ
˶˼䣬ֻжɽ뿪طȣǻȥģҪǵ
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˶뿪У֮ͨ󷨣ķһһҹʱ䣬ȥԪۣͬķ뿪ţһ£ĴųŻǿڣɣûˣҲѾûˣЩССɣʱĶ£ҲѾ
ɽȣؼһƬ鸺ֶԶЩûڻƻɽӰһԫ桭ǣԪŵɵĻƻ衣
գ󷨣Ѿˣ׷ߵԣʵЩ󷨣Ը˵𣿡

ҡҡͷ˵󷨣֮󡣡
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׷һˣʱͷȥĬĬ̧ͷ˵֮ӦǿҪɷĽ˰ɡ
׷ϻʲôҪ𣿡
ʲôҪ𡭡
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ϡ
ҹӰΪκθһ̣׷֪ΪΣ˵仰ʱһ£һ˵

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ʢ˥˥ʢҲǧֽһոµʢǣǼ֤ǰʱˡ
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׼ô
˶̨һѪ⣬һΣûӱˣӱܣӵȥһ˰ѹ򿪣ʱ٣粻ڣӣЩֲħҲ˿һԼ棬Ҳ˺սĻᡣ
ȥӰ飬֮Ҳ֪Щɵˡ
һΣԪŵߴ඼ڴˣħŵˣҲˣ֮ʱħɱͣաȻվͬһߣѾ¹Ļʲôħ֮֡
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Ȼһֲ쳹أ̨ϵʮŸͨһ˲ڻǳ˽գϵϢǿֲջֻüһѪӡգ˫ҲѪ죬ϸħƣҲܻͷ
ɷ󱾾סֻǸ׼ʱѡ
ϰɡ
˲ԥȻ֪Ҳԥˣ죬Ѿ׽˸ˡ
Ǳ໹桢طɵΪףħΪףйɽ龳ˣ̫Ű˻˵ˣҲһЩΪףֻζûˣҪȫһ磬Чµ̫Ž磬ȫѣⳡغƽ٣ʱҲǼǧ꣬Ժˡ
ϣ
˽Բԥ֪Ҳû˺һ볯̨ȥ˻ǵ͹˵˴ͷҲܲסɻ֮һ˲䣬ɥڴˡ
ϣ
һһֳȥȫѣǿкľ֮ʱֻҪ˲ͻϣ


2048 δ
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ħˣʵܿ⣬˼ߣô˳ȥҲ޷ֻѡ
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໹һۣĬȥ֪Ҫˣ߷壬ܷסˡ
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ҲҪΪУ
˲֪ǷżѣʱȻǰС֪ǰˣѾյʦˡ
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˼ӡŦڣʹǴ˿ֲҲ޷һ°ɽȴǼǿٳȥҲ޷ѡ
ʦʱҲԥһ˲˹ȥͼסˣʦܹ󷨡
һ
δ˷ȥŵɫ԰ףղô˶вˣȥǾһʱҲôˣҲųȥ
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˿ڻȥŵˣ㣬ʦ
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ڣҲɫ֮϶֮ܵУյԽ࣬ԽǿԽ赲
֮϶֮ϱգһ̣Ҳڷ˵ֿŬǸı䲻˽֮϶ķӡѾ򿪣
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ԲڣҪʲôֹأǰ˼ɽȫۼҲ޿֮֮ܿ϶֮ˣ޵С

ͻȻһ죬ִ̨ѷ棬һ񽣣ǽϹâ貣ɾȡ˲䣬أƱһѣɽ壬һɲǱˣĳֱȥ
ǡ̫ᣡ
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һ̣˽ң׵ľˣ˼䣬ڱվˡ
֮ϱգ֮϶ҲˣʹԽԽǿ
Ȼһնһնȥ̫죬̫ףȻ۶ޣҲһشһѪӿ󵹷˳ȥ
ʦ
һ˲ǰҪֹһ˲䣬ٷһһնҲֵסεֵһ

δˮɫұ䣬һն£䡱һ춯صδܵˣϵۣһˣһƬһƬ۷ɽɢһҲˡ
˾δ˵ѷ˵̫ܵϵֵܹ֮֮֮
һ
ۼһնȥδһԾƵһΣһ֮£ͬʱСϺϺεֵˣֱӱ˳ȥҲ֪䵽
δ롭
ĿѣǱ˽һ֣޷ֻƵһУһͬʱһӰҲ˹飬ͬѾˣҲֵסǾһ
һɲǣͬȣؽ԰ʱҲֹͣţֻһͻδǹǿ߽棡
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һɽɣ鳾˾˳ȥ˴ˣ֮ҲȥˡδҲӿ׹·һƬҶ׹䡣



2049 ˮ
δ롭
һԾְδסҲƹڴʱļȣֻǿ۾Բ·һɲǰҲκһ죬ֹˣƾˣһжˡ

һ˲˹һ죬û歷˵뿪˿Ż۾δ룬ԺֻԷģ
ԶҲסˣǺܿ죬ָֻ˹Ȼղδشһ£Բմʱ̨͸֮Ҳܿ޸ˣűһߵն
һӰȥ飬ɼʹñҲֹһȼԪȫ˲ͷųôм飬ûɡ
Сģ
׷ԶţҲΪֻţ鱻һ˳ȥҺ֮໤δ̫ˡ
һնһߣղ̫ὣشʱҲδָԳʩȣֻǧѻһս֮ʱ㽫ˮų赲Ƭ̣ˮϴʱ̫񽣣ֱӱһ˻Ȼ޹⡣
ۼ̫ն裬ʱؼȻܲգһɿֲϢ·֮Ԩʱɷɷ񾪣Թ꣬ȫһһϢļ䣬Բǧա
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꣬Ҳң
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ڣԨҲֵסˣһ˵۹½Уٶ˯ȴΪȡؼʱ䣬һ̣ȫѪȼһ½סɻĵ۹£Ѫ֮ע˵۹½С
һɲǣ۹½ǿֹӿȫһɫѪ̫֮ҵѪ

һնȥ֮϶ʱøӿ£̫ͬһն棬ʱѣ˼䶼ƿҪˣ޷ǰ֮
ѽһ˫ҲѲѪ˿ʹѪ֮ǿҲ޷˷ֺ
˾ڰУҲ޷Ѫ֮ڲģȴڲ֮϶֮ϵԽԽǿһ˴˳ȥ
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գ֮֮ʱ｣һһϴ͸˹ȥ
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ˮɢǰӿԺһĻһĻֻص˵ɽǸɰŮ

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ˮ֮ǰ棬ˮϪˮô䣬ôأʦÿʦǲ˵ʦңԭʦСʱرƤÿ͵ɽ׽һʦƼˣ
ԭЩǻɵģɲ֪ôԴʦԺЩԽԽ࡭ֲÿʦЩǻȻˡ
ʦ֣ʲôʱ壬ˮʦʦ֣ԺǾ

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ˮҲһĳХȻɵУȻײȥҪײϾֻһֻС˵Ķ֣̫һնһ±㽫˳ȥҺϹޣȻһֱˡ
ˮˮ
ü⼸ˮҲȻȻһ죬ʦˮ»þ濴ģˮ֮¡ԭʦɱˮ
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Ȼ䣬һµЦ֮䣬ʱܲһƵ֮
ˡˡˡ
֮Ǵϴģֻȫ£һĺҲѾ֣һɿֲģصϢӿɢ˳

ɫɷף֪ڵʬħѾȫˣǽʬħͷųֻս˸ҪԶԸǲغƽ١
Ҫ
ҪֹѾˣһɲǣȻ⿪ʬħԪӡһɿµʱӿɢؼ䡣
࡭桭ˡ
˫Ѫ죬Ѳ֪ʱʬħֻŵ۹½һһȥһ̣࿹
磬硭
Զɶ޵滨꣬棬µξǸһֲħһ¼׵ħ˭Ҳɱħ


2050 
ʬħ
˿ǰҲܹܵʬħĴڣǹɼǿʬħϵ
霡
ʱѾȫˣõͳ£˸Ǳɫ⵽ʬħ
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䡪
һȥ춯صɽɽѾʼ³ݣ̨ķӡѺҲԽԽһ֮϶ƵĶһϳ˳ɢؼ䣬ǱȾˣҲ׹ħ֮
ģ
æ֧磬Եֵ̨һ̣˲֮ԽԽǿȻҲʼ֮ߵڲǿ
һ
üͽ˿ȻҲ֮ɫ֮϶£ȥһҲҪ׹ħˣ

Ҫֹɴʱȥֹ
ؼӿ֮һ̾Ȼ˺˽ȥҲȫħˣǶħʬħѾѣѾʼ
硭
ԽԽµӣɶ޵ԽԽѾʧȥ־Ѿʬħȫƿ壬ʱȻɶĿһ±־˹ǰһĻԼȻһ˫˫׹ħ֮϶֮

Ŀ£Ȼһնһ֮ǿκŶһҲ۹£һӭȥ¡һزޱħ֮ӿɢһܣȻֳЩֲŵǧħӰ
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˷һµЦһ裬ǧħӰҲֵסе̫ᣬֵס֮ܿɢȥ
ĿɿڴľȻȻʬħҲв𣿲ǣʬħδȫѣһѣҪʬħȫѣɱˡ
ɱң
Ѫ죬һնȫħὣ࿹ȥǺһɽ壬ײ÷顣
ôᡭ
ţ޷ʱ˲ſȻ̨ѾֹͣգȥĻʬħȻȫѡ

˵ڲǿǲֻǽ˶ѡ
䡪
һϣʹʬħҲȻֵסʬħ׽ɣҲͬһ֮϶
Сӣڵʲôһطӡ򿪡
ʱؼȻһֲ˽ɫһ䣬׷ȥȻϵʬħģʬħѾѵ̶ֳȣ
ɣ
ɫ䣬ǴʱΣѵƴʱ۶ʬħӡȥ˭Ըʱ۶Ҳľֻһ
ɱ
˫۲Ѫ˿صŶˣʱɱһѣһҲʧȥˣ֪ʲô
㲻ҳɱ
ʬħٶһͳ˾ѱɫü⼱һǧҪģ

ʼͷʹѣںֻۣۣ۾ȻһԶ˯ȥҲκˣԶؽˡ
㻹ڵʲô⿪ķӡȻһУȫˡ
ʬħȻصؼ䣬ŵò̧ӣһҲ𽥱ãˣҪ⿪һطӡ
ԣ⿪ӡȻʲôùˡ
һҪ
üȫʧɫһ̣ԶȻôͷˣͶ𣿡
˽һһ˲䣬˺ȻһնȻָѣԵ۹»ػ֮϶̫ǿסİʬħ˵
⿪ӡȫҪɱѾǲ֮ɱֻɱ򿪷ӡʬħϻؼ䣬ֲġ
ұ죡
һ˳ȥһֺȴ֮ȫʧȥѡ
֮϶ס
ʱڷӦ˹̨Ѻۣ˵֮ԻԴԴϵ֮ڲǿΪڲ֮϶ֻҪ֮ԴͷжϾͿֹˣ
ǣһѵ⣬֮϶ķӡѾ򿪣Ҳ޷ҪȥӡѺ۶סʲôȥ£

ʱһ̾ϢԶֻ˳Ѿħ޷ͷˣħ޴ڣĵģҲ𣿡
һ̣˶ĬˣԽĵģԽ޷ͷ
İ꣬һֱ̨ҶգҲա
˵꣬ȻһԾ̨ѺȥһĻ˶ˣԶҲߣſ˵ӰʧѺ૵ʦ
ʦܰ
ʱһ˳طˣգһۣԨˣȻҲѺȥ
ŵλǰ֮϶ѺͶȥڳ˳ĬԼȥ֮϶Ѻۡ
¡
һ촫̨ȻٿʱղλǰͶ棬ǷӡȷʵסһЩȻ֮϶֮ڲϴΪա
˱˴˿һۣҲ֪˭ͷȻѺȥһʱ䣬زң޹⣬˽֮϶ȥȥסѺۡ
ƾǡ֮ͽ޹
һѺ𿪣һסˡǣѾͶ벻˽ȥ޷סѺۣ֮϶֮͸
ʦãһУͿˡ໹˹ϣʱվȥҪʲô
ұ롭ֹʦ֡
໹̨Ѻۿȥĵ֪ҲҪѺͶȥˣ׷׳ŵʦ𣬲Ҫ
ղţʦ˵ûסţֻС
໹һȻһԾҲ̨Ѻȥ˿޳һƬű
ʦ֡
ʧѺӰվ
ʦܣҲȥɡ
üºԨҲ˹ٿʦãһУȫˡ
ʦ𣬲Ҫ
请ĵӺȨĵӣҲ˹һ棬סԼʦ֣ǹȥ
ʦ
ԶǧҲߣüϣ˫۽ˣüҲ˵ͷѣءȻԨҲѺȥ
ϧʦܺͲؾʦߵ̫ˣȻգǼʦֵܣܹһˡ
һ仰£üºԨλϵӰҲʧѺ֮У˲Ͷȥ̨Ѻۣһһ㣬ˡ


2051 
ԣҪĽš
ٴ̧еĵ۹£ָȥԣ㣬νĴǿߵˣһһȥ
˵桭Ϊݷס֮϶Ц
ϵٴǿ࣬Ȼһնȥײ춯صһΣ˼ƾУǲ֮ƾιҲֺ
Сӣҳɱ
ʬħٶͳ˺£ȴȥһһ˹ȥ񷣡һҲ
Сӣ˵ɱ׷ˣҳ霵𣡡
ұ죡
˫Ѫ죬Ƿ˿һһһնȥһһ۹½ϳأ˳ȥ±߰ػ棬ȫѪ
ϣ
ľսϵĵ۹½Ȼˡ
ǺǺǣǺǺǡ
˴̳˳ʱе̫ὣҲѺۣ顱һһ±Ƭǿ۹º̫ᣬҲܲס˴ʱˡ
𣡡
˺Ȼһƴƾأ˲ʮƻػ䡱һ˵ӿɢȥһ°Χɽ촷ۣ߷Ҳʼ³ݡ
ˡ
Զһֻղźò׷סѺۣʱɽʼ³ݣѺ۾Ȼֳˣ֮϶ٴοʼðҪգǶ֣
סѺۣ
вѺ۳ȥأʱóһƬѾû໹Щˣ϶
ʱԶȻмӰлһϣȻˣ롢׻䡢ֻˡ
һޣ
һӦͷ˳ȥϣʣղ໹ȼλϣˣѾѺ࣬òޣӦܹӡһ
Ҳԥ̿ƲѺ۷ȥϲ޾Ȼ޷ȥһɼǿ֮²ȥ
롭ô죿
⼸뿴˹һ̣ȴۣòŵһؽ٣ڴˡ
˲ɣ
˫Ŀм޷ʱȴκһ˶ǰΣգǽޣס֮϶Ѻۡ
á
˶ԥһ˲䣬㽫һ⣬˲棬һۣʲôҲû˵Ҳһ⣬˲档
롭ǿȥǼˣУ֮϶Ѻȥ
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Сӣ˵㵲סֻܹ֮ɱҳңнˣ˼䣬ȫΪҽ
ʬħͳͷʹѣҲֱ޽࣬ѾŲסˣܿ죬ʬħͻʱҲֹʣʱ䣬Ѿˡ
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΢΢۾ģģһ꣬˷١
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ɶ޵滨꣬ʱͻȻϵ꣬һʱҲסˣҹǷٻ꣬ᣬǵҹأ
СӣҼһЩйǰġ
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ɡ
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Сӣ÷٣ӡ
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ҹ
յļ䣬ָԺһμҹʱ壬Ҳֻҹ˵ˡ
Ҫԥ죡
ҹɵ˺ȥҲڲԥһףʱų߲ʹâһɰʱһ½˽档

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Ʒٺһٳһ㾡ȫʧɫòãһƬ֮޿ܵ

Զ˹ѱϣ۶ȫ˲Ϣ¡һؼ䱬һҫ۵ǿ⣬ǿɢ˿·˿Ǹղ㾡ȫһͣʲô˵
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˹һǲɺʦͽ㾡ȫѽȥʱ˵ĹȻʼָˣ֮һ±ɫ뵽ʹû֮϶֮֮ɽⷽԲǧȫΪã
ˡ
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ʬħһ½עһɲǣǵͳ֮ٴλصؼ䣬͵̧ͷ˫Ѫ⣬һɼǿӿɢ˿ͬʱҲһʮֿµħ

ɫһ䣬ѹ˲ô࣬ʱʬħһƽ̨ȥʬħȻֲһأҲֵסˣֻǵѺۻʮɾʱȴͻȻֿסˣҲټ³
ǡ붼롭
˷Ҳþȫȫ֮ٿһЩֻҲҪȥ

һʬħޣһֽѹɾ룬ӿ˶˳˫ԲһգҲգһ£ǳһ⣬ҲҪ磬Ҳ޷
磬ҪӦɶ뿪ɶģءƭӣƭӡ
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Сӣͣ£ʬħҪˣǴʱѾ޷ջˡ

˲סѺۣѾɣʱֻҪһ𣬱ܽȫȥľݡ
һ˲䣬һӰ͡һһذףУղ۹½˲ʱһذףȻ˲͸˽ȥ

˶ʱһѪӿԭذеĵطأأֻһ֪Ĵӣ
㡭
ʱϵǸˣǷ˵ʦǵҪ֮λң˵һħ֣ɱ㡭
ħħҳħ𣿡˵𽥱ã
ʦۺδӣһġ˵һ䣬ţѺȥ

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ʱڱ˹˶ϲӵƽٺһ㡣
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Ѻ۸ȥȴһֹ̧סʦҪҡ
̧ͷ˫֮УѾħƣϣϣȫһһɫħƣʬħѾʼˣ˹̲棬ʬħԼҲֹͣˡ
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һЦһۣȻתһһǹѺȥ

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ɶ޵˺ѷΣĲĿ°ס˫棬ˮҲ׹䡣
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˫һȻػְؿڣһ½ȡ˳Ȼ澪֮£ࡣ

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顭
ڵѺûӰ̧֣ŵһֱͬһξǸһģһˣԭϣˡ
硭
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2052 һ꣨ƪ
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һ촫ڳ˶˹˼Σûн𣬶ֹ֮϶Ѿֹ֣ŵһѺۣһѺۣҪģҲͨŹ磬뽫֮ȫӡһ󿪣ʱҲֹܹط֮϶ֻһһˡ
̧ͷϿȥֻ񷶥֮ϣ⻪ɣڹâ֮УƳһʰ쵵Ѻۣ뵱ͨһԨͬһʰ쵵Ѻۣһߣƺͨմ˵е硣
֮Ŵˡ
˶¶˾㵵ɫҲ˺һһϵѺۣǰ֮϶׷ʱԶˣôҲԷɣҲ޷˼䣬Ǵʱ֮ŴˣǷζţҲȥϣϵҲ
ʱһ촫̨Ѻۣͬʱһ֮϶һɹ֮عҪӡסǸղһսöѾˣʣЩ˷ֻԷסѺۡ
գ˵ĿⶼͶֻ۶֮ܰסˣֻܹԸ
Ҳԥ̿ʼӡ̨ѺۣǵѺۣԼ˼طѺۣʱֻȰǰ⴦Ŧӡ˵
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Ҳԥˣȥ׼£ʣ¼գ콵ף֮ڿ˼ΪɽӺȫ
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ʱ̨棬ҲھӡѺۣϾޣǧѲ֪ȥ˺δܹһ֮ǧѣҲԼĴɣǿһգ֮ſʱ
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ʱǵѺ棬Ȼ͸һɼǿϢ֮˶ŵòֹ׷̧ͷϿȥֻâѵ
һӰӹâɳͬʱҲǽ֣һɿµϢֱ˼ѹϢȷʵǿҲֻŵһЩѰֹ߲ڳһЩǰη壬ղѾǵˣҲѽ֮⣬ֻǴ˿̼Щˣƺ߲ƣǵԼǵĺòֹסĺƽ٣ٴν٣ڷӡѺۣ⵱пʲô
˼Ȼˡ
ʱһϵӰԽԽˣ˵ϢǿʲôˣǴ˼ģʱ˼Ⱥߣмȥһۣͺñһ
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ۼЩ˳Ϊ˼ֹƾ˽֮ܵסŵˣŵˣƺҲδע⵽µֱ߽ˣſ۶Ųһ֮Ϣѵǣ
ŵ˰ǺˣʱҪӡ棬ѾȥԸ⼸ˣֻ뽫ߣ⼸˺ƿڷϾû˵ֵסࡣ
ǧһ֮ʣȻһʱıͬʵʣµ󲿷ֻҪӡ˼֮϶ѾԻɱˡ
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ٲԥ˲Ϸ˻ȥǲŮӡֻ㣬ҲǱǼǧ֮ˡ
ŮӡҲķѹСɢˣͬʱһ𵴴Զ𵴲֮϶Ҳ磬ɽĲԶֻ֮âɣֱһ֮ƺ֮Χӿ˿

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ʱ˶һ˼Ҫһ̣˵ϣѾˣҲһˡ
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ڣһ𣬰ܵһУյͨ˶۾ˣ棬̫һɹԡ
һɹԣ췽ɢһ֮︴յ֮֮͸˳
ʱ棬һɽľԿή㣬𣬻ŵʶʹ㾡ȫҲֹ٣һ̣磬ǷҲٻˣһ𣬾ȴ١
δ롭
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ӡ
δһԾƾһ㣬ǰᱧһ̣ϣҲûκһ֮
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Ҳګګؿţֻ޸˼ǡȴɡ
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һһ麰֣еˮƾ˵һһ̣˼ֹͣ𵴣ЩѾήĻľҲ»ָ
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ŴԣŶ濴ȥ֮϶Ѿ򿪣Ǵ֮϶֮һġħԨ˽ģոδȻ޸˼֮϶ڣ޸˼ɱס˼䣬˭޸֮϶
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ɶѾ޵Ҳ˻ˣѾ޵ûˣа𽣬𰣬׷£溡ˡ
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һ˲䣬ųֻ񣬾һ£ֻѾѳĿ飬ʱܹס˵ԪؼɢĻԪ񣬱һһ㣬սֻС
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ֱָ죬áû㣬ҲһὫСþȻ

뿪ˣ컹˼䣬˼飬ûнҪħԨ׷ӡԱ⼸ǧ꣬ħ˾Ҳ޷۶֮Ԫλγһ󷨣׷ӡħԨɽҲƵһ𣬱ڣɽ壬Ϊɽ
һУȻ֮϶δȫ׵طӡסҲֻʱֹ˶ѣҪһˣȥһ֮¡
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š˷ΪزݣǱݣ֣һСԶҲ벻ֻأ˲
ʦáڵ𣿡
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˾죬á

Ҫ˲𣿡
ɽ棬һֻ̣ˣû˵ֻǿâ
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У֮١
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ɶ춥âȥҲûлһУǧȫ֪һ˵ʲôҪʦԪʲô
úâʧˣ˼Ҳ˷츲صı仯˵ĹʧһʹԶҲɱ⣬ߵܵطһȫʧˣ֮϶
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