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ݼ飺
ǧ磬ΨһΪ㣡
ָǳȭ棬̤죬ͨ
ƽСַ֮·


1 
֮˻İأǾ
ϵ˹

кѧͼݣɫЩ԰׵ַһŴѧ鼮ϸжţÿŴѧ鼮ͷôһ䡰ԡѧߣŴѧϵ˹ؽ˵Ļġۡ
ϵ˹ؽڵġۡΪǸأ̺ΪĳԭЩסˡĻһεġڵֻд˻ӵ糬˰
ͻ䣬Ա죬ǿԴƻӶ򣬳Ϊ˰ǿߡһѵҪڡǿǰ֮ϣ
ַüͷٵķҳѰʲô
һڻ鼮ʧĺ飬ҡҡͷ૵ȻҲ취ۣǿľǻǿ󣬲ͨƻӶѵûа취ڶʱڴƻȿȡ
ַҵĿĻ϶ַ̫꣬ƻǿǺεϡ٣ÿһλƻǿߵλ磬˵ʱˣһʱƻǶǿϲɺˡ
ַȴǸ꣬ԭġַС͵һֲֹǵ˥֢
ⲻһ˥ߣƵһֺ֮Ĺ̷ֲֲֹķʹȫ˥ߣҽжַֻܻʮꡣ
ַʮ꣬Ҳ˵ֻˡ
ֲֹԵģַŴĳֱ죬ֲֹˣͨҩƷʽͲκáֻдӸϣû飬пַĹֲ
ȻַܹĹֲڵĿƼû취飬Ǿ͸ˡֻһְ취Ǿ䣬ƻֻҪܹƻ飬ʱֲַֹȻܲζܻǿ
ȻƼ߶ȷ֪ȴ٣཮ֻռһɵķΧ
ųɷΧǶ޵£ֻпſƼԼǿߣܹܺƽ
ˣеĵλܸߣǴƻΪ˵ǿߣǸı񣬵λߣ˾
ܴƻΪǿߵȴһʮˡвпܳһλƻķǿߡ
ַС͵˹ֲͺ˵ƻˣͨ˶磬οƻ
ÿһʱ䣬ַ嶼кѧͼݣͼͼҵܿٴƻġݾϣҪƻ˳ǿ츳⣬ʲôݾ
ַʧͼκιڻ鼮ֻϵһϣ
ַҵһĴͷһͼ飬ͼֿյûһҲмʮ
һЩ쿪Ĺ۵㣬ַ嶼̲סֱҡͷʲô飬ĵ̯ѧʲôҲ֪ôкѧͼ
ַּ˼ҳûҵʲôõ㽫׼Žʱ۽һɨܺһӤȭͷСĽ
ַ彫ƺǿĵģأֻЩĴС
˭ϵģ
ַ忴˿ûֽ򣬿ҲСߣҲ֪˭ϣӦкܳʱˣ涼˻ҳ
ܹ⻬ֻмһȦѷ죬ǿַ˫һһ
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һ죬ھȻɢһ˿׹⣬ǳ˾˵ı仯һ̯ɫҺ̬ҽɵҺ̬һ¸סַƣһæ˦ȥȴôҲ˦
ַĴһҵʹЩҺ̬Ȼеһ˿˽ȥַоȫһʹ亹ֱð˸ǿϡ
ѡͼԲŮַæסַ壬ʵû°ɣ
ַʶ񶼱ÿհҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ʹһŻ
û£лл㡣
ַоһЩԲŮл󣬱㼱Ҵҵ뿪ͼݡ֪ղŵĽ򵽵ʲôôķʽڣǿɲǺ£뾡Ū

ַûסѧУᣬУһ׹ԢֻһסҴҵķصԢУƣлһǳϸС˿ڡ
Ȼû־ҵʹַȴܹܵƺһЩʲôǣܵĵɡ
һĻˣַ廰£оȻѸٵĳ֮ǰַ忴Ǹ
ַĸоǳ죬УͺѪĸоһַһͿʼ״һһֻһֱһַϡ
ַ仯״
Ⲣǽãַ˿ϵġɡ
ں
ˣ
ַеһһ׹ַǰѸٵڿγһƬĻ
ʣ0.92
0.81
ݣ0.78
ܣȭϰͨ
ںϣ

Ļϳôһֵݣ˵Ҳַֻ֣Ҫעܡÿһݡ
ʡݣַڵ״ֱֻ۵ĳ֣˵1
ˣַڵ״ʵѳƵǽҲʵϾַһֱ˥ߣȻԶԶȲһˡ
ڼܣƺֻһЩ似ĿǰַֻŻȭСʱΪϣƻֲġ
ؼǻںϺͻؼģںϴںϻҲǽãȻںĻ򡣶Ҳܼ򵥣ĿǰַɵĻ
ЩʶͨںȻȻĳַԺУԭ֪Щʶ
ַ˿ϵƽʵ̫ͻȻˣܱ򶨵̬
ںҪþںκĻڼҾ߱ЩںϵĻƺֻдһЩ췽ҹ̷ĿƻС˵ŻֵĶȻͳַǰ
ĿǰƼԻоޣ˵ܹںϣܹ飬ȴûһɹģֻܴϡںһǳƼһ
ںĻִƼģҲַ忴⣬ĻǿǲǾлƻӶĹֲ


2 ںϻ
ַ岢û̫ˣͷβ侲ʼϸ˽ںĸֹܡ
ַ弸Сʱоó˼ۡ
һںϲںֵͬĻ򡣱ַ࣬޷ں˵ĻΪϣǶ
ڶںֲ
ںϵĻ̫ǿ󣬳򣬷ͻᵼ»򷴿ΪַΪǻҲ˵ַֻںϱĻСֻ򡣵Ȼǿɻںжġ
⼸ҪôַʱںĻ򣬴ӶĻҲзյģںûô棬ַҲûаա
ַãֻʣĿǰκֶζĹֲ޲ߣˣںǸᣬΣҲҪһԡ
ôںĻأ
ַһ̴򿪱䣬ӱóһçţ⡣çţԭҲޣǻȴȽϵ£ѱ˹ɿڣӪֵǳḻַҲϲԣԱһֱçţ⡣
çţô˵ҲޣȻͨޣ򣬹ַһء
ǣַȡçţ򡣡
ɹȡçţ򣬿ںϣǷںϣ
ַһ£ܿһҧںϡ
ʼںçţ򣬳ʱһӡ
䣡
Żںʼںçţַо˶ھҵĲͺؿݺײɣȻڵϱݺѹһ
·ѪڵѪڻţԺеļ·һͷȫīޱǿ׳çţڻҰϼٵķɳš
ȻںϻĹֻ̽һӣַȴоһһǳȵѹʱϺûʲô仯
б仯ģûб仯ڣѪַ·оԼһͷçţڻҰбܡ
ںϲıçţɣ
ַԳƵЦЦçţֻĻںϣַĻΪˣǳ⣬ôǸıçţġ
ȻѾںϣַٴδ˹Ļ鿴ԡ
ʣ1.66
1.54
ݣ1.34
ܣȭϰͨ
ںϣçţں϶10%ڸٳɳעⱣӪ룩
6%
ԼĸԺһ侲ַҲ̲סˣѹоԴԴϵӿһɹɵԭһжǻþʵġͨںçţʡݼȫ
çţûȫٷְٵ뵽ַĻУˣçţĲںϣַĸԻһֱ
ȻҲûиãַܿ͸оˣǳĶֶĸоʵǺܲܣھһͷţַǰ˵ܽȫԵ
ǻںϺڻҲҪɳַҲƾճֵģⶼҪӪ롣
ǣַɴཫĶȫóˣ⻹ó˼ƿɫĸ߼ӪҺ
Ǹ߼һСƿӪֵܵϺܶӪʳˣһ˻ԲַҲΪС˥߿ܻûθڣԼһֱ׼Щ߼ӪҺ
ЩӪҺֱӷãҲע䡣ֱַӾͽƿӪҺעڣֱӷãעЧ϶졣
Ȼƿ߼ӪҺע䣬ֶַĸоƺ˺ܶ࣬ȫҲůģȪһÿϸڻǳ
ǣַ岻֪ůĸоУڴϳ˯ˡ
˯εеַһͷçţڻҰвϵķɱţƺƵçţڻҰϼۣ֮κ޶˱ᡣ
һͷçţʲôһͷʮͷۼһǾһ޿ƥе
ĳһ죬мǿ̤նһֻõһӣʱؼ䶼һ޵һ㣬ɽ嶼ضںŰҲçţȺ׽ɱ
ৣ
ַ˯оѣĶͷϻ亹
Σçţļ䣿
ַţղһΡΡʵ̫ʵˣʵˣɼǵãǸͲΣһʵļ䡣
ںçţоЯһЩçţļ䣬ͷçţǱ̤նǿնɱ
̤նУ޴Ǵƻķǿ𣿡
ַеЩĳȣС˵Ŵ˻ǿǵĴ˵ӵųǿﵽ˷˲ΡնУɽ壬̤ƴأ뺣ܡնɱ¥ľޣػƽ
ͨȴۿǿǳ֣ڳڣǿǶ֣ӸղŵļУַҲܴ֪һԭЩǿǵƻʵ̫ˣڳڶ֣жᱻǿǸײ
ַ忴˿ϻлںɵһҹĳ˯оǰֲģ֮
֪ںϳɹûУ
̵ַ鿴
ʣ4.36
4.12
ݣ3.34
ܣȭϰͨ
ںϣçţں϶35%ڸٳɳעⱣӪ룩
6%
ַ۾ʼһʵķԾʺﵽͨ˵ıҪһЩҲﵽͨ˵
Ҫ֪Žֻһҹʱɱˣҿں϶Ȳֻ35%Ҳ˵ڼɳԻܼ
ַ֣ʹÿʱÿ̶·ӿ룬ʸĲӦоַ廹ҪһʱӦı仯
֪ںçţܲҵĹֲ
ַĵĻĹֲֻﲢûרҵ豸Ҳ޷Ĳ顣
ַоһںںѾִƼķ룬Ǳʲô˷ϵģȻַõˣǾĶˣⱩ¶ַһϵĻںҲ˲ʧ뵽ڣֻҪҪʱ³֡
ࡣ
ַĶַ˿飬˶ĸоĳҲûӪҺˣֻȥԷӡϾںϵçţڸٵĳɳҪӪҲ磬ѧУʳҲˣַ뿪˳ݣѧУʳȥ
кѧʳúܴ󣬴ʱѾۼ˲ٵѧò͡ƽʱַʵǲѧУʳóԷģͨʳﶼûʲôθڣ˵ѧУʳĴˡ
Ķӷǳоʳõζ˶оࡣ
ַ忴ʳĿķˣ֪ԼҪӪרŵһЩӪֵḻ⣬ĸ˵ȫҲڼʹ£̾Ϳʼ̻ʡ
ַ壬ôʳˣ
ַ̻ʣǰЩʳʱߴһϤ̧ͷһǱΪŮ


3 çţ
Ű׵׺ڱߵĸӢһʳöܶ˵ע⡣ַҲĳԱǱøǿȥģʵûʲôȤϾ֮ǰ״޷䡣
Ȼûȥ缸ΣõĺѣҲʶ
ΪʲôҾͲʳˣ
ûʲôֻǾʳóԷ
ݸһЦ۾ֱˣڵţַġ޸ҲǴΪĽܹŮͬ
ո˰ɣΪѩ⣬ܲġ
ոַ廹̸Ա߾һѧԱַҲʶĸ糤ǿ
ǿǸ糤糤ǿһֱ׷綼˾֪ģַȻҲ֪Ҳ֪ԶǿûоξܾǿˣǿȴƫƫƤҩߡ
Ҳüͷѧˡ
ûϵģͳ԰ɡ
ǿ˵ˣ
ҲЩŭ֮ͥ£ҲöԶǿ
ַ忴һͶǿȴû˵ʲôһֱϵʳоĶӺ޵׶ƵģʳȥѸٵȻӪͽ뵽ΪһɹɵůçţٵĳɳĸҲڷɿš
ǿȴĮ̬ȣַʱȴһ˿죬ַߣļַ壬Ҳˣһðɡ
ǿεȵǿǸ糤ѾƷߣֻһƷܳΪְҵߡ
ַ֪岻ã⽫ַŪߡ
ţ
ַ弸ʶһ̧磬һǿԸоһɴ̲סһ£˼ˤǿɫЩŭ׼ǰַƿ
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㲻Ҫ߾ˡ
˵꣬ǿĿ⻹Ŀһַ壬֪ղַǲǹģסˣֻҪԷ磬а취ʰַ塣
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һĵǣû˵㱻ַֹˣַ˻ֵû¡
ַ壬пû
Ȼʵ
ֻһѡ޿Ρ
ѡ޿ʲôʱȥһһλƷְҵָѵõĻᣬɡ
ַ忼һǵ˵ͷðɣȥ硣
̫ˣһȥɡ
ܸˣַһ뿪ʳãѧУ硣
ַʱѾһٶˣǳ̨֡ϻһϤӰַʱҲ̨
磬ôˣǲΪ㰡
˵ַ磬ҲԱýοɰɢഺĻһ𣬱ΪŮ
ɫЩ΢죬ַ΢΢һЦ˵ƷְҵǰָҵȻ
磬ǾƷְҵһָ
ָָ̨һӣǾֻʱϥڵϣĿҲû˸ǰš
ִչѸ٣ѾϸƷ֣һƷƷΪ˾ŸסһƷƷʵҲΪҵߣܶͨ˶ܴﵽ̶ȣǿ壬ԸСˡ
һƷǾְҵƷƷһӲԵָ꣬Ǿﵽ500
Ҳ˵ҪΪƷְҵߣͱ뾭ԣ500ϵ
ƷƷҪרҵõְ֤ҵߡְҵĺôʵܹһЩȥĻᣬһЩҪȥأǾͱְҵ߲ܹȥȻΣգҲŻְֻҵ߲ʸȥĳЩ
ˣһְҵ֤൱ѵõģܶͨ˶µ䣬õְҵ֤飬Ȼȥ˾פҲΪġ
磬ְҵƷʵõְҵ֤ľֻһˡǸŮˣϸȴǸ۲۵ţҲΪһְҵߣƻķǿߡ
ְҵƷ֮ʵǴƻķǿˣһΣְҵߣʵܶҲܹƻΪˡ
ַŮ̸ԱĽͼʣȺеĶǿи¶һ˿֮ɫ
ܿ죬ԽԽ࣬磬ʱҲˣΪ糤Ҳְ̨ҵƷΪָһӭ
ףһֱĿҲһ۾վĿ絶ѧԺһɨ
Ƕ䣬֪ѧ似֮֡ѧǿ壬Ӷƻɾͷˣ似һַļɣսļɣҽҪľ似çţΪ
çţǵ͵ѧҲģһЩ޶似似ͣһƷ似Ȼֻʽÿһʽȴçţľ衣ֻţܹʹãвУֻʹͬЧӦԲͬǾͨ
ȻҪ˵Ĳ⣡ھ֮ͨϣһ⣬çţ˶·ΪһͷçţʱçţųƵǴɣܱǰδе
٩٩̸Ҫľ似⡣似ֻ⣬ܳ뻯ȫⱾ似սзӳ˼á
ַĺϸΪ似çţģçţڼϰǼʽʽ͸о˶Уһ궯
ˣҶһ¡
˵ٴһߣٿ˵ԵЩĮҲǵһ˵о棬׷ʽ
ʱǿַƺҲڱ۾ʽԺ̾һ뷨Ǵ˵ҸոϰçţһЩĵãҺһЩԱдȶһ£ҲôҸõçţ
Ҳ׷׵ͷоЩԾǶǿĿ⻹ʱʱַɨһ˿ǡûü˵ǿغַ壬ոտʽдһçţΣ
һ¶ַǺûڸеģҴҶַ֪岻ã磬ƫƫַֺߵĺܽȻһֱ׷ĶǿĲ
ζǿ֮ⲻھơ
ǿҪҺ
̾վ˳ǺַĲöǿóѣ
Ҳüͷ¶ãǿȴַַ壬ʽĵûУǻʲô䣬뿪ɡ
ǿȵȻַ岻Ӧд裬ҲһҪַѿҪַܱ뿪Ǿٺòˡ
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һֱçţָоеַ壬й궯²졣ǣ۾Ӧ˶ǿ


4 ؼ
磬㲻Ҫǿ
ģû¡
ַļһ̨綼ܰǾַ̨壬ƺѾûƽʱĸоˡ
ǿҲоһЩԾԼʵҲţƷߣѾӽְҵˣˣԸһַ壬ǻ򵥣
ܺãַ壬ɿˣçţ̤ɽ
çţĵһУǿҲȷе츳ô̵ʱѾܹʹçţʽˣҿ࣬ӡ
ַУǿçţ̤ɽȴֻβֻǸӻ
ַ΢΢۾ڸڵ궯궯ԽԽǿң·ɽ㣬һըˡ
䣡
ַ۾ʱ۾ȴһ㣬˱Ű֮ɫȻȻҲһȭͬçţ̤ɽ
һַ̣Ļһͷçţçţ̤ɽһʹǿͺĿһͷ͵çţݺһ̤
飡
ǿıüΪ㵣׶Ťȫ·𱻻ͷײһ㣬ڣֱ˲ۣһ졣˸Ǳֱײ÷˳ȥصˤ̨£ֱӾͻ˹ȥ
һȭǿܣ
һ̣ޱȵİǷ·𶼲վ̨ϵƽʱַ꣬壿
磬û°ɣ
ַ壬ôˣ
Ů񣬴ʱææַ̨꺮ů絹ҲˣɵҲַܿͬһĺøС
ԱеĻ䣬ȻҲкܶǼʡٿѾȥĸ糤ǿַµ
µǶǿ
죬죬ǿѧͽҽԺ
Ѿ˷Ӧ˹æҵĽǿͽУ԰ҽ񴦣εȻѾ޷ȥˣˣ֪ʲô¡
ৣ
һֱԵúĮְҵȴ·ʲô͵̧ͷֱĶַçţ⣿
çţ⣿ҲֻǸоһɲǣԼΪһͷçţ
ַ˵ǲ⣬ոһɲǣȷǸоԼΪçţӶǷ񡢱ŰͷڶЩ
ˣǾçţ⣬û뵽çţ⣬ѹܴղһȭ
ҡҡͷֱӵһƬַҵƬ츳ȤԵԴֲҡ
ַƬҲֱ뿪磬ҲòŻص˳
뿪ַ弱æ鿴Ȼڼһµı仯
ܣȭϰͨçţɣçţ⣩
ϸղŵָоڳʹçţʱԸоֱŰĸоΪçţһçţ⣬ȴĿƣƺʧصĸо
ѵǻںϵĸã
ֲַ²⣬ôçţ⣬ºںçţܲɷֵĹϵϾҪçţ⣬Ǻѵģںçţ򣬴ĳ̶ֳһͷġçţȻçţҪçţ⣬ǻ򵥣
似ҪһӷӳԼսмΪ¡ַҲÿƺԼںϻĸãԲܱçţıŰӰ죬ͿıһͷʧصĹ
ںϻĺôһĸãҪԼǿ־־
ַҲ뵽һ취ʼϰçţӦçţֱŰӶһĽڲдçţŰ

ڶĩַĩĿζ̫࣬һҲؼһˡ
һ磬ַĳַˣַ̨ϴ˶ǿʵ̫ˣַ֪йֲ磬ʵǺܵĵġ
磬û°ɣ
Ȼûˣܴܶǿ
ַҲЦ˵õ˻ںںçţÿ춼ʹҲ
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ַ³綼ø߸ˣں²˵ǣַģɵ˵гɣҲɻ󣬻ûؼϸһ¼С
ԶԣϽؼһϸļ飬ǧʲô⡣
ҲЩżǱַһ뿪ѧУѧУ⣬һɫγڵȺˣַ常ĸררĩַؼҡ
˽γڣγַ忴Ŵķ羰ȴƽʵĻһĹֲܱܲںϵĻκãҲûһա
ûãγʻһƬıһǰַͣ˳ֱӾ˱
֡衣
߽ͿһŽ˿۾ӣţַĸףۡ
۰ңټϼţкҲһָĴͼţ̽ۡ
ĸҲǴķװʦһװţϼţȴɵηװܹʡ
һͥǮǲȱģҲΪˣַȻ˹ֲĿǰΪֹȴɻúúõġ
ÿܵĩۺöзæĹؼҺͶַһĩΪǶַ֪ӿܲˡ
裬Ͻҽ顣
һصҾͼе˵
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ۺ̾ͽ֪ӵĹֲʱ⣬˼רŽһרҵҽңרŵҽΪ˸ʱ塣
򵥵Ľ˵һ飬ָĸһۣЩ˼飬Щġ
ʲôʱгˣòʲôɣϽҽҽҸ顣
һ˶
֡裬Ӧû£оͦõġˣû𣿡
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ڽּͣһһŮϴ£ɹ˾ļ̳ˣһֱڹ˾ۡ
϶ֺѾ˾ӣһУһλʶھ˸ҲָĸĽ
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ּңϴ϶ּҵĽȻͻСҲһ츳пܳΪְҵߣּҵķ֣ɾҲС
ַֻ壬С͵ùֲȻȫҵӰȴĹֲΪָĸַֻܹĵĹʣµļ
ҽӵ绰ܿˣ򵥼һַ壬ȴЩȷ˵үͽҽҰɣһȫϸļ顣
ǣһַҽҡҽҵ豸ȽģǴһҽҾͺʼڣҲֻּƴֲרŽһҽҸַơ
ַҲȻںçţ򣬸оǰδеĺãСĹֲȴûаա
һļҽıȴԽԽأּҲŽ


5 ַʵ
ҽʲôԾ𣿡
ۺöܽţĶҽı顣
ҽ˼鱨棬ɫ˵Ծȷ̫Ծˡݼ飬ү˥ߣûʲô仯үȴ˺ܴı仯ϸ񶼳˻ʵ̫ˡ
ҽֹ˰죬רҵʣҽϸͣȴˡ
ַĲûкã˥ߣַ˿ȴһ˵壬ϸǳл򵥵˵ڵַǳǿ׳
ⱾЩԾַǸ֢ˣǰʶȲϳˣȴȳ˵廹Ҫǿ׳βҽе
۳һ˵ҽҲ˵Ĳûкãȴǿ׳㣳
ȷ
ҽһֱԥԥ˵Ϊԭܲ˵ַǸӣӵǿǡ
ҽгأ
гɣĻȷܳ
ҽ΢΢һ㶣뵽ֿܣ漴ȻˡּӴ󣬻ַҵʲô취ַͻͽҲǲܡ
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ҽһ˶ַߡȻ˶ûʣַȴ͵ʱȷЩĵãоÿ춼гľƺҲһˡ
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ںĳ֣ȴַȼϣֻҪ䣬ŻںһһԼմƻɾͷˣʱĹֲȻȬˡ
ʱ䣬ƻɾͷˣַ岻֪ûѡֻƴһУŬ
ǽ¶һ˿΢ЦĿһַȻܺãǰһֱûʲôչгˡҺĸ׶ȫ֧䣬ʲôҪֱӺͼ˵һȫ㣡
ҲµˣַͻͽһЩԭ򣬵̫ںֻںַ塣ֻҪַܿģȫ֧֡ϾַҲֻʱˡ
ʱƻɾͷˣ۸붼룬ôôƣ·ǿ߾ˡ
ָĸֶһַҽϢҽõ豸ÿַвҽϢ
Ÿĸҽ뿪ˣַӴվֱۣλؼҼ飬Ҳȫ˽һԼͨļ豸ͼ鲻ʵĻѾںçţԲŵʼ
Ŀǰçţûȫɳҽдĸ߼ӪҺַҲλᣬ̵ʱڣçţ򳹵׳ɳ
ǣַ忪ʼֱעӪҺһ֧֧֧
ַע֧ӪҺֻоǳʡӪҺӪȽ嶼ýʵһЩ
Ȼֻһ仯·޷ַȴĸܵʵѾ˷츲صɱ䡣
ǰעӪҺַ嶼Ҫ˯Ϊʱǳ鲻ܲұͻ˯
ʱַѾ˵ıˣǺǿ׳ע֧߼ӪҺҲֻǸֹͣȴûڳ˯
һСʱַ۾һϵĻں̾ͳˣͶһƬĻַڵĸݡ
ʣ8.41
8.18
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ںϣçţں϶100%ѳںϣ
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ʲô̶ʱ䣬ַʾͼһʵֱǲ˼飬ʣְ߽ҵˡ
ַҽǰȻܻϾֻһݣҲԿжǿ
ǣ˿΢΢£һͦȫȭϣݺһȭϡ
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ְҵߣҲƷߵӲԱ׼Ǿﵽٹƾһ㣬ַͲ׼ˡ
⻹ַǿ״̬ߣǾһ似ղַֻͨһûʹ似
ǣַٴ˿Ժһͷ񱩵çţӰһַ̣·ΪһͷŰçţ
çţ
飡
һαȸղŵĶҪ𶯡ʾһ֡1920
˻
ַ嵹һ1920⼸ˣçţȻʵǲ˼顣ѹ磬һȭʵ׵Ķǿûȥ
Ȼͨϰ似϶ûôǿַںçţçţ⣬ʩչçţȻʹһˡ
1920ַҲ֪ʲôˮ׼Ϊְҵ˳иٹӲԱ׼ڶƷʱ͵ʵսˡƴʵսٱƴݡ
е˿ǺǿٶȺܿ죬ӭ¶֣ʤǿʤ
ַҲûְҵ߽ˣֻиŵжϣĿǰӦǲѷƷˣǿ
ַ弸һ죬һӳΪ˸ְ߽ҵߣ⿴ͺλһ㣬ַⲢλãǻںĸı䡣
ںԼں򣬶ĿǰȻֻﵽ6%ҲʵĻҪϸǡû۹ѡһЩӦ似⡣
ַ忪ʼԽĻں滮Ļܴ󣬻ں򣬵ںϻ򡣱ںһֻСèСĻʲôãװ˷˻
ҼȻںһЩ⣬ȻáҪʱѡַҲż˻ںһߴʱ䣬̶̼ʱܴﵽһ߼ʮĻۡ
Ϊַ͸öںϵĻϸѡˡ

Թַͣ˻԰һص˵磬û°ɣиʱװչᣬȥɡ
ַ忴һ磬ͻȻʵ˵ɣ㻹˭ȥ
㡣
ַ֪壬Դ󷽵ĳˡ
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磬ѵ˼ҵ⣬ҲǴӦġ磬ȥһ˰ɣҶӦ㣬һȥġ
ַĬʵиоֺγֻ֪ΪĹֲֻʱ䣬עκθ飬ֻ޾˸кʹࡣ
磬Ӧ֪ҵҺܡ
磬ôʲô˿ҪˣҾ͵Ӧˣȥ㣬ʱڳǱǹ⿧棬һȥչᡣ
˵꣬Ҳַ𲻴ӦֱӾת뿪ˡ
ַҡҡͷǻȥ·ϼĳųǱǹ⿧ȥ


6 
ǹ⿧ַ嵥ڿλãһȣſ滺֣Ŵ⴨ϢȺľƽ
⼸ַʵٳţԼûиоѾùƧȺڿڣȴһ
Ҳϣйأһϣʲôá
ڿ˴Сʱַĵ绰ˣġ
磬㵽Ķˣ
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ˣܸ㶨ȵһǺܿ͵
˵绰ַ뿿ϣſȹŮĸ
ĿˣҪ𣿡
˴СʱԱ˹ַѯʡַϵĿѾˣȴûкһڡ
һ
ַüͷôûó˵绰ͨĺ롣
Բĵ绰ѹػ
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ַоЩ֣ƽʱúٹػѵûˣַ룬ַĵ绰룬ջǲ˳ȥ
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ͬĹػʾַȻѣͬʱػˣЩ̫ԾɺϵĻδҲ̫ɺˣ
֮ǰͯУַᵽ˶ǿھѵǳˣ
뵽ַҲûټڿȴֱ˾ȥкѧ
ܿ죬ַ͵кѧѧУſڣַһ۾Ϳͣ·ߵһɫܳ
ﻹûôʱˣܣ
ַһ½뵽˶ǿֱ̾ǿᡣ

кѧڣǿļѶо֣ǿȥôôͻˣҿǿɫ԰ףͷ󺹵ģʮֵ֡
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ϾԴӿǵзģƽҲ׷磬ˣǿȥסȴһѹûнϡ
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绰ַ㾲ĵš
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γ̼۶ȥַڳڣĿȴ꺮һ䣬йɱŰš
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7 
ɽׯһݻķ綼סȫ־ǰһźɫзӡ
ƽ֪֪ڸʲôϽǷˣȻǱҼ֪ˣˣ
ȻţҪ΢һ㡣
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˵գƽһһЦߣǿǸ˰ٵȴˡҲãȻҲϲ͵ģҲǸŮҲһˡ
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ƽѾ̬ˣмΪŭַ廵ĺ£һҪַܾ衣

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ʱָĸд¶ۼڼҶһصı飬ʮѹ֡


8 Լ
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֪ټһּңʵȴܴ

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9 
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çţַ򿪻ں壬鿴״
ʣ8.46
8.21
ݣ6.56
ܣȭϰͨçţɣçţ⣩
ںϣçţں϶100%ѳںϣ
6%
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10 
ԼұŶ³ƽĸԱʤʱһ̲סԶʤʵ磬ѵôˣƽΨһĶӣΨһֶӣٲҲԼҵѪƽˣѵҪԼҶ𣿡
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˵꣬ԶʤҲ뿪ԼұԱʤȴһ˿֮ɫ

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11 뿪к
ڻˣ˼ѧԺ绹һ䶯ϾѧԺѧԺ֮һܱѧԺ¼ȡպǰ;
ڶǿַҲûдŹּһСֶΣȻǿͱѧˣֻûйԭˡ
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12 
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ַû뵽ǰٻɫͷҲ֪ѧԺ
ѧԺѧɣҲǲҪȥѧԺߣһȥ
һӾЦ˵绰ŮѯһһƬǶû°ɣ¿ԴƬеĵ绰Ȼ˸ǴˣҺλҪȥѧԺˣټ
ܿ죬һӱܳ˿˳վʮԱǰ¹ʣٻɫ̷Ӱŵġ
ַЩǣٻɫ̷˵ɣղֶȤû뵽˹ϡһԶʻİɡ
ִһ㶼ԶʻܰȫֶٿػȡˣҲֻһЩܳϲֶٿصĹܡղŵ¹ʾΪٻɫ̷ֶٿأų⡣
ַȻðʧЩҲô˺̹Ҳûټƽϣֱ˳Ѹٵ뿪˳վ
Щɵ˵ŮƺûعһԱ˵λٽ¹ʵˣʲôҪԺ˵Ƕ㡣
˷·𶼻ЩΣǾܾ˹ԱİʵǸûʲôˣֻЩŰˡ
ղᵽѧԺ
ǣλ˧ҲѧԺѧ
ѧԺǿǺ̾޸ܽ롣ǰѧԺЩӸ綼ǻ쵰λ˧ƺ
ҺһգһҪȦúһ£ε̫̼ˡ
Ůһϲ߸˵뿪˳վ


13 ѧԺ
ڣַٻɫ̷Ӷںšٻɫҽܵǣʶһ£ҽ漣ְҵƷߣԺǿɾͬѧˡ
ַ嵭˵ַ壬Ʒ
ƷңѧԺˣôûƷף
漣ɴ۾Ȼ̫š
ַҡҡͷҵȷûƷףΪûȥμӶƷˣְҵ֤鶼ûС
漣΢΢һ㶣ɫȴصͷ֪ˣǣһרΪţղһȭҵܳʵ̫˧ˣ϶и߽ߵʵˣǲ֪ǼƷ
ô˵ҲӦǸְ֣ٺ٣ȥѧԺˣÿлǮݲ椣ȥѧԺҼͷӲԸⰡҪŪѧԺһڵĽѧԺ鷳ڣӦúܰȫˡַ壬ҽòãѧԺң뿪ѧԺޣʲôУٺ٣ҿǱ׼ĵͷߡ
ַЩ漣ģһ׼ӵܻ߸ѧԺĻᣬ֪Ľȴһӡ
漣ֱڿ죬ΪѣҲַеֻᷳ΢΢һЦȻǵͷߣǵøҺúýһѧԺ
ǿ϶û⣬ϵѧԺˣȽѧԺٸϸܡȻûѧԺ£ûһҲ֪ģҿ˹Ρ
ܿ죬ַͣ漣˳һ۾Ϳһ޴ĵ
жʮ׸ߣһͭ񣬵̵һλӣȭ죬Ͱơ
ַҲͭΪ֮һͣһǻ漣죬ֻܵܵ磬𺳰ɣѧԺĿߣŴʥ֮һ޵ȭʥ
޵ȭʥ
ַҲһȻû䣬Ҳ˵޵ȭʥֵ̤ʬɽѪ޵ǿߣĴڡ
Ȼǿܱ߱ΪʥߡģҲֻоˣ޵ȭʥеٮٮߡ
޵ȭʥ˵޵ȭʥСʱҲǺһӵܣÿججٺ٣˭뵽һͲʰΪ˾Ŵʥ֮һ˵ҲˣҲ޵ȭʥһ𡣡
漣޵ȭʥͭɵЦţÿһλʥ¼ᱻооȥ˶ԴҵԼӰӡ
ʵϣŴʥѾľķܶѧԺ֮ôǿƵĵλΪѧԺ֮һ޵ȭʥҲǷǳҪġ
߽ѧԺ漣Ĵ£ȥ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȷ˵ָƺĤȷ˵ʵݣٸһݿӴ˾ѧԺѧˡ
ѧԺ˲࣬Ҳͼˣռȴ㣬һûʲôѧܿ죬˸ݵͼָʾᡣ
ѧԺᶼǱ׼ĵ˼䣬ֻҪݿͿѡ漣ַȻѡڵᡣ
ǲǺʧ
漣üŪ۵ʵ
ַȴĵ˵ͷеСʧ
ַУѧԺӦǿƣַ꣬ǷȴӰûּҴӽѧУʼڣûʲôӴǣƺѧУͲһ
Ŀγ̰ŶûУһϤѧУ
漣Ц˵磬ѧԺɺһѧԺֻͬҪõݿѧԺеһԱˡʵѧԺҲûʲô̶Ŀγ̣żһЩ˻ǿ߽ΣǶҪȡѧԺ֡
ˣѧԺʵҿԶһһһһֵ㣬˵Ŀγ̣һÿζҪһ֡ٺ٣ѧԺǮһУʲôҪǮȻ˵ǻֵ㣬ʵǮʲô𣿡
ûй̶Ŀγ̣ȻҲûеʦ뵼ʦ̵û⣬ûֵ㡣ϰѧû⣬ûֵ֮ѧԺǮԳͨ裬ϰ°빦ûǮǾʹ粽СοûǮҲýѧԺˣϾѿɾʮڡ
漣Ļַ弸ĿɿڴѧԺȫǡʽһжֻܿԼ
Ҫѧʦ豸ԴȵȣѧԺӦоУһǰᶼǮ漣˵ĿǰַһǧһѧԺȴֻܶһʮһ֡
Щ㶼Ǵ֪ģ
ǰѧԺ£ˣӵľǻӣŬͷҲܳͷǮûٻҼ⣬ѧԺһǮ⣬һûˣϸ˽⣬ݿУ԰ɣָϣԴ˽һѧԺ
˵꣬漣ַĴ۾Ҳ֪Щʲô
ַҲæݿ½磬ܿ죬ͽ뵽У԰
У԰ǳƣű࣬ѧγ̶š磬һÿγ̣һλ˻ǿλʦϸϡҪΣ͵ǰſγ̣һ֡
Щйѧ似ԼһЩĵطַһɨ̾ɵˣЩѧ似ʮϣеʮٸ֡
ȻҪֵ̫ѧַûԺʱɡ
ȻѧԺ̳涼ѧԺѧ֮һЩĶһЩѧԺķ
ĳĳĳʲôõ˶ٻ֡˭˭˭ִսңõ˺εȵȣȻ߰㣬ۻңЩ̳Ļ⣬ַһһҲǶѧԺһ˽⡣
ԭѧԺҲȫǮһ֣ȥһЩȡ֡ЩʵƣʵսҵΣֻԽߣôԽ׽ӵ񣬴Ӷ׬ȡԽĻ֡
ַֻһԵ˽⣬ûȥյѧԺǽʱ򣬵˽ѧԺƶһķչ滮
ڱ˽һԼʵսƺǸĵطΣգҲֵܳķԼʵܾȷ֪ԼʵΡпɵĻԺҲа
ַ嵱ȥսҡ
漣ַ˽Ĳˣ磬ǸյѧԺҪҪȥֺһ£
ˣȥһսҡ
սңǿǱ̬ǵҾ֪㵽ѧԺһȥĵط϶սҡðɣҲȥԣϣҪҳβ
ַû뵽漣ҲսҸȤʵҲܺ⣬սҿɲǼ򵥵ϵͳһ¿ƼھܵĿƼӴǮٶĸҲϵͳȫ⣬ȴʵܵϵͳ漣Ըһˡ
ǣ˱뿪ᣬսȥ


14 ս
սңͬʱʮսҲҪɻ֣ˣս˳ӣѧԺֵĵط֮һ
ַ漣սŶʱҲûʲôע⣬Ͼ˶ֻˡ
˶˸߲ҵš
磬ϴһǧ˰ʮΰɣ
˵ȻһЩѧԺ˶˵˵ٴһʱˣûϣƻʱ͵뿪ѧԺֻϣ뿪ǰܹԼھˡ
ǰҪڿѣ˵ƻˣ治֪ЩܹѸսǰٵô䣿
쿴һʦֳˣ˵ĵرϴξο϶ﵽ˰ɡ
һʦ˵õְҵƷ֤飬ְҵƷʵɣ
˵Ľ㣬λһʦһͷ緢һ˶Ե÷ǳԵ
ǰѯʣһ̾һͷ̧ĸˣԵ÷ǳš
һʦָղսɹһǧŰپʮһ뵽ˡ
ѧԺʷѧܹǧһʦڣȷ˵һʦֲѧԺʱ䣬Ժ϶ͻơ
ַ漣ҲһȻ˶ûʲô̫ᣬ˿Ҳ֪ǱضǷǳĳɾˡ
磬ҪŬһΡ
ʵ漣ѣַҲȫԸҪȷڵʵʲôΡ
ֵַܿ漣˽սңѧЩ졣
ûˣ
Ӧɣһδսңס
ҲһŶ˵ˣһδսҾʹڣǰΪʲô콾ЦұΪ콾ֱҹԴ󡣡
Ҳ˵ˣֵ÷зģ콾Ĵ£ҲȻߣҲһһƽϰˡ
˵һЩеǿҲ콾Щˣٺ٣Űɣʱ϶кϷ
ַ漣Ȼ֪Щ˵ۣ˷ֱ̤սڣѾֿˡַһȽխӣܵǽϵɨ
Σ뽫ݿС
ַ彫ݿУɨͨ
Σɨͨա
Сַ忴һǾͲĶӦþա˽ȥ
ৣ
ոɽȥͺһӺᴩռ䣬ɫһڣѾվһƬѤġ̨ϡ
⼼档
ַ循̾ѣȻʹ⼼ѾˣȴûƳü⼼һֱھ͹ҵУһЩѧԺҲС
ܵĻǳʵַ޷ֱ١
ѡս󡣡
ַǰһӰǰ滹ս¼ѧԺУеѧһǧٰʮһˣȻû¼ַ漣
ǧٰʮһˣ϶ǿ״̬ѧԺֻܴʮ꣬ʮ껹ûдƻǾֻ뿪ѧԺˣսҴ󲿷˶Ѿ뿪ѧԺ
ϾѧԺѧҲֻм˰ˡ
Ļ϶ĿǰѧԺѧַ룬ǵϤһѧԺѧʵǣ˵ս
ʵַֻһɨеģǧʮӦĿǰѧԺѧ
ַĻ£Χ΢΢һַǰѸٵ۳Ӱ
õǵһ֣ʲôҲû˵ֱӾһ˹
ৣ
ܿ죬ҷǳ׼һգ۾͵ַǰ
飡
ַҲû㣬ֱһȭȥӰһ㣬˲䱬
սɹַ壬Ŀǰǧʮѡս˳սҡ
ַüͷĵһоʵ̫ˡѧԺ󶥼ѧԺ֮һƣǿ꣬һŶԣôô
ʵַһѧԺÿһ˶ǿ漣ֻ֣ǽƽӣǿȥ
ղһȷҲǿӦһָĵֻϧ̫ۺʵ̫ֵסַһȭ
ַһǿٵϷ
սһ
ܿ죬սҾ۳һӰһΣַǴ̤ԽʽսһѧԺҲǿˣһܴһ


15 
һͬõʵ򣬺ܶ߶õΪʵԸһЩʹмѵЧ
һһ֣еĵնַ壬һ·𻹰һһŸ似
Хķַ߻صټӴѹ·ַ嶼ҪϢһ㡣һһַ֣֪֮ǰսҪǿ̫ˡ
ٶȡ似򣬶ҪԶǿ
ַһȭȭͷΧĿŤһ㣬ǽѹ˼¶
ַһȭжǿ
飡
ַȭͷǳӲҲǿƾԷĵնϣֻȭͷѪ죬һˣȴ޷ַ˺
һֱӾͱַȭ𱬣۵Ӱ˲ɢսɹ
սɹַ壬Ŀǰѡս˳սҡ
ַ΢΢۾һɲߣսһˡ
ַղŽֻˣֿȭԸЩбƺЩԿսңһжģָղˣѾȫָֻҪսɹǾͻ»ָѵ״̬
ս޿˵У
ַһҲ˴Խսһǧ޿˵С
ʵսַҲһЩϲĳЩְҵƷǿߣֻܴ˰ٹ
ְҵƷһǧһٹְҵƷһǧİٹְҵƷһǧ߰ٹְҵƷǧϡ
⵱ȻֻǴŹ㣬Ͼְҵ֮Ĳ༫󣬵Ȼⶼûʹ似£ְܹҵƷʼϾٹġ
ַ岻һں޻ȻûȫԼȫȴҲ״ǧˡ
˵ѾְҵƷߣ
ΪַԼʵβȷԲսңһҪս޿˵УһǧսʱѾӵְҵƷ֤顣
޿˵еʵȷǿֻϧַʵȴǿûʹçţֻôͻ޿˵С
ǣַսһǧһǧһǧһ
ְҵƷְҵƷգַһڣһΣҲսһλְҵƷߡ
ǧְҵƷŷ죡
ŷһŰɫӣĮֳֶ̽˫УȵҪ̵Ķ̽
ݣ
һַо˶Ľסһһֲɵֵͷ
çţ̤ɽ
ַԺиֳһͷçţɷ죬һȭ񱩵ƺܴΧһС
ʩչçţַ壬һȭԴﵽֶ࣬Ƕôµ
ƾžԵַһ·սûκζ֡
ͣ
һƺͬˣַеһۣΧĳ̾ͱַ۾֮С
Ұˣ
ַ嶼ЩãȻ޵еģ·˶޵ͳͳܡղŷһ·ӰдĹ켣ûп壬Ѿʧˡ
սô˿ַѾˡ
ûô򵥣
ղһһĳָĽȷܿлںҲС
ַԸоŷٶҲ㲻̫죬ȴ׾ٵɱá
սʧַܺ߳ա
ս⣬漣ͳˡַ漣æʵ磬ôʱų϶ɣ
أ
ַ巴ʵ
һ򲻹Ŀǰס漣ʵȷ̫պְҵƷߣְҵƷǸԴѻģʲôս
˷磬һܸ߰ɣ
ַһ£ǻشߣǧ
ʲôǧ
漣һ̲סԱߵ˶ˣһӽĿ⼯ַ漣ϡ
ǧʵ̫ˣ콾һδ³ɼҲȲַ塣
ǰǧĻǡְҵƷƷʵ
漣ţ˶ˡȻַСһ꣬һˣĿǰְֻҵƷַȴпְҵƷˡ
٣ɣǧһǧܡ
ȷûˣӦǧʮˣ
ν콾Ҳܴǧ
ַ嵹ûЩ˵ķ飬漣ǺƺܲҪִַֹˡ
߰ɡ
ִַͲȤ
ַ漣ȻˣʵһЩЩɣǣ½սңĵսǧߡ
ǣڸҽУַϢȴֶߣܿʹѧԺ


16 ѡѧ
磬֪û뵽ôͣһδսҾǧʲô콾ˡһ콾
ʵַ嵹ûô˷ܣԱߵ漣һ˷ܡʲô콾ַûʲôȤѧԺΨһĿľǴƻɾͷˡ
ûдﵽĿ꣬ǿٴʲôãͻΪֲȥû˻ټס
磬ҾͲˣǳȥúףףǸӷϴ
漣̵ת뿪ˣѧԺǻӣܡϡַôһλţ֪ж˷ܡ漣޳Ǻܴ󣬵ѧԺһѣοѧԺȵ漣ѧԺȫǲûʲôڸС
ַҡҡͷҲ漣
صĻղսսˣʵʵԾʽսĻ϶ڸߵöַ࣬˵ûʲô壬ֻսһĿǰʵޡ
սַҲ֪ʵȷǿְҵƷְҵƷǿߡڶƷʱһЩȽְҵߣȷǴпܳΪְҵƷ
ôսַҲĲ㣬Ƕŷʱǹһ˺ӡ
ѧַȱǸѧԼ似⿿çţԶԶοçţ޷ȫȫ޷ȫ
ַںϵĵڶ޻򣬶޵ĻǱڣçţҲ޷һֵ
ѧڱĵطܺѻãѧԺȴһûֹ򡣡
ǣַ̾ʹУʼһЩѧԼ似ѧ似һá
ַڵҪʲôѧֱܹȫڵǱܷӵµѧ
ַֻܹں޻򣬳ϵǿʡ
ѧԺ¼ѧ似ְҵѧֱţëַûЩְҵѧνְҵѧ˵ְҵϰģְҵѧЩ߶ûдƻϰЩѧʲôã
־ڴƻַ˵ֻܹƻɾͷ˵ѧܽܵѧ
ѧܹܹͨٶҪʮ֣һһ򣬼ʮֿɾǼǧ
Ⲣ췽ҹ̷һܹƻѧѧԺͨǮҲ򲻵
ȻûѧҲǲܴƻϾʷϵһƻķǿߣҲûѧûѧǾ൱ûָҪƻɷǳѡ
ַʣµʱ䲻ˣ㣬ʵֻвʱ䣬ˣץסһлᣬϧһдڴƻɾͷˡ
ˣͨѧַ嶼ϡַ廹Ҫ󣬱͸ѧſԡ
عȭ
һרŴѧҲ辶ϧַҲǺ⣬ټѡ
ѪԴؾ
ַϸ˿ۼ۵ͦߣҪʮ֡һŸѧרŴоߵѪͼѪΪý飬ϤأӶƻɾͷˡ
ѧַЩĶֻϧרŴоѪģܰȫ
ˣַ
ѧԺĸѧȷܸߣַȥʲô㹦󹦡һȵȣЩѧǴ˻ķǿ
ʲôˮȵȣǧٹֵѧֱûһѧַر⡣
ֱַ忴ۼһٻֵѧ
ű壬޵ȭʥѧһٻֿɹһ㡣
ѧַ޷Ųˡ
޵ȭʥǿѧԺĿߣŴʥ֮һѧһ㣿
ַּæ鿴űϸܣһԶΪȫǱǰδеǿѧ
һ˵һ㣬Ǿһֵַܱɾű壬ǾܴĶֵ
еڶ㣬ǾԴƣŵھŲӾű
ֱֲѧַû˵
ҸҪѧעصľǶ壬ǱҪȫÿһ磬ȫԽĿǰַ޷յı׶ˡ
ѧű壡
ַ鼤¶һ˿âѧֱΪ졣ǿľںϻֱоűѧַжǿ޷
űΪ޵ȭʥѧ۸ҲǰͻʣֻǵһҪһٻ֡
ǵһ㣬ȫľű壬ȴ󲿷ѧҪöࡣ
ֻǵһ㣬ַһ£űĵڶҪһǧ֣Ҫһ֡
ַҲֻ죬ʲôҲ˵


17 
űֻǰԽףˣҲκѧҪֻϧְļ۸η
һҪһٻ֣ǾͲһԪڶҪһǧ֣൱ʮԪҪһ֣൱һԪ
ѧԺѧǺ̾޸ݱһ㣬ۼۻ˸е𺳡
ҵϣûгۡ
ַҲ뻻ѧңֻоűʺǣַһҧѾ˾ѡűˡ
ֻеһ㣬Ҳ㹻ˣһȫȫܹһƾںϸ޻򣬽ֻǵһľű壬κζѧЧ
һٻҲȷǸ鷳
ĿǰַпһǧһԪȫһɻ֣ҲŽֻʮһ֡ʵԴ绰Ҫ뵽ϼŵܵŵĴѹʽǳţʱٸˡ
Ȼ룬ǾֻܿԼˡѧԺڵĻֳ˿ýǮһ⣬׬ȡ
ǣַ㿪̳Щ󲿷ֶ񣬱绤ĳ򣬱籣ĳȥ
ܹѧԺǱض˴ǮˣЩҲ򵥡ʵΣյģʡǸְ߽ҵߣһµޣǾͿ
ѧԺÿ궼ָ꣬ΪִѧѧԺκ⳥ҲҪƻؾ·
һ̶ȣͱɱѧȥµɱӶ֮ƻ
ЩĻֶܸߣַʱûȥˣֻܷ
ڣ޳Ҳ񣬵ЩĻֶǳ٣Эץĳﷸֻܵõһ֡
ֱ磬ȥĳڿһʱ䣬֡
ĳһʱ䣬һ֡
Щֻм֣ʮϵ֮٣Ͼһֿ൱һû˭˷ǮѧԺһЩҪ
ף񲻴׼ҺĳԱʱ䣬֡ɱ׷Իʮ֣
ַ̾ͱסˣһҲһ֣ҳʱ䶼ͦġȻֻҪʱ䣬ܻ֡
棬Ǿζſܻи߷գѶһܴ󡣶ɱ׷ǿԵõʮ֣ʮʲôǿ൱ǧ
ѧԺĹ涨ѧԺѧԺԶȡһӶҲ˵׼Ҿ׼һڵӶ
ַû̽񣬶Ǽ鿴ϸ
ԭе׷һְҵƷĿߣһǴһ߶ǳ£ǳ޲ɱսȻںƽ³ɳܱġ
׷ƽȥʱֻһְҵƷ߰ˣһҹ˾ѡе˻
һУ˾ܵ˳˶ˣƽҲӰ£ƽͿж
˭뵽ƽȻˣһʵɳ˷˼ĵز
ƽ󣬷ԼŮһоȻˡƽĵ飬ԭĳ֮ӿƽŮֶζûеóѣ˰ײƽӺŮ
ƽȻŭֱӽȫҶɱҲʲôȨģο»ǸһҵĴƽɱһҲʲôͷ
Ҳ֪ƽǲɱ¾̫࣬ܵ˴̼˶÷ɱʼиȨһɱ߼ңʮ
Ӱǳӣ޵ľ־ֳ˶˼Σûץƽƽֳˣɳ˼ǿְҵƷǿΧɱƽЩȴΣǿͨ죬Լļͨߣ޷ֵƽ
ˣЩ½ѧԺڷ
ַȥȷкüͬı񣬵µĻ׼ҡ
׼ҺĳԱʱܵõ֣ǳ޸ô࣬ƽĿԺСƽҵʵӦҲ塣
ʵַ嵹ȥ׷ɱƽֻϧûЩƽֻܹ֣Ҳֿ֪ԺС
ַܿ˾̽˱׼ҵ
ַ壬սǧȡȡɹ뾡ǰ׼ң񣡡
ַüëһѹ񷢲˼СʱȴûȡԭƵġսһڵѧȡַǡ÷
Ҳԣ˭ȡ׼ǿˣ
׼ҲûôɵȻһ޶սһڣʵְҵƷˣ㲻ƽҲֵܵһʱ䣬㹻׼ˡ
ȡַ׼ȥ׼ˣոտţվ漣
磬쿴ˡ
漣óֻһţַһȭ漣ʧܳŮ£Ƶ
Ƶȵ㣬öڲ²ַݣһȭʵ̫̫ˡ
ַҡҡͷɲԸķͷ
磬׼ȥģ
ҽһ񣬱׼ҺĳԱʱ䣬ҵþȥ
׼ңǲǳǱɽİ׼ң
ô֪
ַ忴漣ɫ죬ͣ
ٺ٣Ȼ֪׼Ҵ£Ƿһƽ°ɣ磬ȥ׼졣
ַһ£˵ͷһȥҲȷ鷳
ǣַ漣ĳ뿪ѧԺ


18 ׼
ڳϣַϸѯ漣ڰ׼ҵ¡
漣ڰ׼Ҳȷ˽⡣
׼޳Ƕҵ֮һֻûʲôϵҵ壬ʲ漣ڵļ塣
Ȼ׼Ҳ壬ûдƻķǿ򣬵ȴкܺõĺϵҲĺܴ
Ȼйϵƽвѵ᲻ܣ
ַɻʵ
ٺ٣ô᲻ܣ϶ǲǰȥƽǣĲһ壬ֵֶοЩְҵƷϵǿߣ԰׼Һ;Ĺϵ϶һְҵ߽ߡ
ټϻоԼ׼ļϵĸ߽ߣˣ׼ҼһʧģȥֻǴոˡ
ոһǧ򣿡
ַ΢԰׼ҵġһܣҪ֪ѧԺֻҪ˽ʱͻõֵ㣬׼Ҿ͵ٸһǧԪӶ
ɲһǮ¡
ɱƽҲ˵ܻܲɱƽƽ׼ҵĿԾͺܵ͡ˣֵܶƽһһǧͻĲԩ
漣԰׼˽ô࣬²ΪǶ޳ǵļɣ
ַҲһ˿ɻ漣һҪȥ׼ңôڣ鲻漣˵ô򵥡
Ȼ漣Ц˵ʵҺͰ׼СѾлԼˣٺ٣Ҳ˳ȥδޣô
ַȻԭôɵ£漣ô竵ӣΪȥһŮˣδ޵ݣҲЩ̫š
漣ĽַͣҲס漣ּЩеģܲԸ⣬⻨ڼ׼С׾һ̣ȴȫ׾סˡ
Ӵˣ漣ƽʱ޶ȵΪڰ׾ǰһøС
ַ嵹Щ֣ʲôŮ漣ӵ
׼ҵıڳģռؼ㣬һȺ̾ǰ׼ңˣ׼ұһׯ԰
漣ĳڰ׼ұǰͣʱ̾һЩǰѯʡڰ׼ұܣ򰵶оػţһĿעűǰĶ
漣˵׼ҵıʩѾܵλˣֻһ˹ûֵġ
ѧԺģר׼ҡ
ѧԺ
һȷַ漣ݣŷ˽ȥ
׼ңַ巢ֿˣɳϵӦþǰ׼ҵĺĳԱˣŮУһһŮߣӦþǰ׼ҵˡ
˰׼ҺĳԱΧǹʵľ죬Լ±ڡַӵĻǿڰүߵһĸߴվֱͦīӣһվ˾Ǿˣϣַеһ˿޵ΣϢ
ַں޻Ϊֱ۵ĸо
漣ѧԺ
үȻʶ漣Ҳ֪漣üͷ΢΢һ壬׼ȻǮ࣬Ҳɵӣ漣ܶʲôã
漣æҡͷ壬ˣңҵַ壡ɱˣȻսѧԺʵǿҲ񡣡

үӻЩǣȻ̫ѧԺʵϾпܶԸƽ׷ȻѧԺѾ˽ˣҲ˵ʲô
ַ壬׼һӭ㡣͵öˡ
үӿˣҵְ𡣡
ַ嵭Ӧ¥¥Ĵ˿ѰеһЩĵطÿһǣÿһĵطѾտˣͲġ
Ȼһж׼׵ַҲֵð֣ǱһĿ
漣Ҳû׼е׾ȥ
⼸춼˰ɣԷˣзڣһû⣬ƽˣҲ޻ء
漣ظĵ˵ַǺĵġ
ͣ
Ȼ׼ҶС̲סЦһĿַ˵漣㽻ʲôѵǻ֪ǸǮģҲ֪ôȡġ
漣üͷ֪ڰ׼󲻺ãⶼǰΪ˰׾ѾŬڸˡ
ο׼ҶС㻹ַ壬漣ܵģǣ漣̲סߣɲǰǮģƽĸǻúúøлҺͷ硣
׼ҶСЦһĲš
׾Ҳһַ壬Ը񵹺ºͣ˵漣ô˵лл㣬ֻƽɱǵŷУҲ˵ʤƽ
׾˵ŷУڰүߵīӣǾרүӵġ
ξҰɣοרűүӵģһΣգܱǣзڣҵϣһȫԸıǡ
׾ҲһҲȷӵֻǰүһˣڰ׼˵İΣʲôϵҪΣգҲֻᱣүӡ
лл㣬漣ϣƽĶȹɡ
׾ţʱ䣬ҲǿΧɱƽʱ䣬ΣһὫƽץסɱ
ˣֻҪȹʱˡ


19 
漣һĺͰ׾죬飬ȫȻΣգ˵ܸ׾ദһʱ䣬ٴΣն¡
ַż۾漣ϵЦݣǼҲ¶һ˿΢Ц漣ʶʱ䣬Ҳǵһο漣ôȷǶ԰׾ģ漣ӣ
׾Ҳȷ󷽣ԸᣬߵһĻȷһ׮Ե
׾ַԺоͽֳӰҲ֪ȥ˼ѧԺôˣҪ֪󶥼ѧԺʵܼҵģҲ֪ܲܳס
ЩͷַֻԺһܿЩҵͷƻʲôҲˡĿǴƻɾͷˣ£Ժ˵
ʱһȥһ졢졭
һϣʱƽ׼ûκ鷳
˵ƽûץǼְҵƷǿѾҵƽ٣볹ץסƽѾԶˡ
ַԺ飬ʱڸԼڵçţ⣬˿ĸܵçţ
ںϵĶ޻ַȴһֱûܸܵ޵κϢûܵһӰ졣
ǷǳģһֱܲǾζַ岢ûն޻ں˻ǻݷַڣַû취
޷޻Ǽټںϻʲô壿Զ޷ƻҲΪʲôַеҪűԭ
һ˾ű壬⻹ǴҪģؼַںϵлַܼںںϻ򣬽Ҳлƻ
ַԺܿ飬ʱѾȫ뵽çţ⵱УΪһͷçţڻҰбڡ
ָо̫ˡ
ʱѾϣǳİֻķĴŴ
Ȼַֿ״̬£оһɡɷϢĿ徭çţںϣȫʣԱְҵƷ߻Ҫǿ
ˣ
ַ͵۾һڣ˶ǰүߵŷУ̱壬Ŀڿɨһ
ȥ
еľ˿ַŷУһҧƿ˿š
⣬ХȻ㣬ȴûʲôӰ컹氵ػľ죬Ҳûзʲô
ûз֡
ݺݵĶַһۡ
үӿһߵŷУʵŷУ㷢ʲô𣿡
ŷУһ£ַһۣȴҡҡͷҲûз֡
ŷУĻ˶׼ҶСǷ˷ۣûжͲҪŻˡ
漣æ˵粻˵һǸղ˿
ѵŷУ
漣磬ȴû˵ʲôˣŷУǾĸַ֣ѧԺţҲ˵ʤ֡
˵Ĳַ治ɫԵú򶨡ȻǾͲֻǰǮ
ղĸодԴںçţַĸ֪ǳ񣬸ղŵȷ˿
ǰػˣֻǶСĽһ㲻д
ҿҲ£ⶼһˣҵȥ˯
׼ҶСҪ׼ҺĳԱڿôˣϢã
ڰ׼ҶСҲ̲סطϢˡ
ҲöûʲôˣЩɡַĸ֪ȴָо˿ˡ
һܵ˶ԷۻѪ
ˣ
ƭң
׼ҶСЦһ䣬ӿĿ¥ݵĵطһӰȻֱײǽ롣
飡
ǽڱײһӰһ㣬˲ͷ˰׼ҶС㡣
˶ˣһʱ䶼ûκζ
ӰһͿ˰׼ҶС㣬ָſһץ׼ҶСľ֮ɫҲ޼¡ֻ׼ҶСԴͬһӰ˲ץİ׵Ľһء
ǹҿǹ
㣡
ƽˣ
ֳһƬң˭Ҳû뵽ַ˵ľȻģƽȻˣһͻʩ֣ɱ˰׼ҶС㡣
׼ҶСһǺͱҲӦ˹ǷĿǹҲǰƽ
һλְҵƷ۷ǿߣЩͳͳá
ƽѪһըһѪɫӰ˼һӰӣգۼɱʮں;죬ٶ˰׾
漣һҧ̵˰׾ǰôҲְҵƷߣʱҲֻͦ
ŷУȴһƺûгֵĴ㣬漣˵ŷУֻ뱣үһˣڰ׼˵İΣ޹أ


20 ַ
漣㡭
׾漣һ¾ͷ˵ǰǰʵҲܸж׮Ǻܲģ漣һ׼ӵܣÿ椡ֺ
ˣ漣ƣɶ漣ûʲôɫ
׾û뵽ʱ̣漣Ȼ飬ͦײеƽ漣ְҵƷʲôã
ʵ漣Ҳܿ־壬ţַ߶ţ磬ϽְȻҾ군ˡ
䣡
ַȷˣĿ漣ǰһȫԸ·һͷçţһ㣬˲Ծһȭ
ַʩչçţԴﵽֶ࣬ˣѹǿԶԶŵ漣Ͱ׾·оҪϢһ㣬οƽ
ǧһ֮ʣƽ͵Ļһצ̽Ѫɫ罬ɷ֪ɱ¾˶ޣȻ˿µɱֻ־΢һߣվƽǰûС
飡
ӲһǣַռţƽľܹŹ֣Ȼַ꣬Ҳ˼˾ƽɫ
ʵҲȷַʣѾﵽְҵƷĵزǿʣƽȫһҲܹܵס
ĿǰַǷȱľֻǸѧԼľˡƽȽǿܷḻиѧʶȲַ壬ȴܲ·磬ַ൱
λ߽߽ε֮ǿֻನѾһƬǽ壬϶ѿһͬ֩Ƶѷ졣
ַ۽ǵ⿴һŷУŷУæ
ȷַȻܺƽ൱ȴռݲϷ磬£ƽܡ
Ͼ൱ʮְֻҪɱƽܵõʮַ֣ζû뵽Ĵ£ˡ
Ҳҿ֮ǰַսսܶೡս飬ټϵȷǸƽһͷԲ൱ĻѾ൱Σˡ
Ͼǿߣһɱĥģƽ̨ߣԶԶɱߡ
Աߵİ׾Ѿôסˣû뵽ַ徹Ȼô漣һҲûдţ
漣ǵ⼫ˣЦ˵ôɣûƭ㣬ţ
׾ĵģŰүӵַ֣һˣסƽ
үӵȻ֪Ů˼һԱߵŷУ˵ŷУɱƽõĻᣬЭַ壬ɱƽɡ
ŷУҲڹעսڵȷɱƽһᣬֻҪɱƽҲǰˣһֱڰүӵߡ
á
ŷУҲˣһȭڿգХΧĿ˲ѹ˼¡
ǿȭǸѧ
ַ̧ͷһŷУԷȭѹȣһս̾ѹסƽ
ϾƽԵĿ˿ѷɫǿߡ
ƽŭһϵѪϢһըһ㣬һԾҪˡ
ӣ
ŷУȣһգʱ͵ƽ赲סƽĺ֮·ŷУôҲУȷܹȣַ嶼Ӱӡ
ŷУֻǣסƽҪɱƽǿַ塣
ƽ۾Ѫ죬Ƿ֮ɫ裬ֻܽ߾ȫȥӦƽȴ¶˳
ûᡣ
ַһ˿
裡
ͻȻͺһͷçţһ㣬ӻҰп񱼶һ̤ȥ
çţ̤ɽ
һȭַ巢ӵ쾡£Ѿȫʶ뵽ѧ⵱У˿̾ͷ·ĻΪһͷçţˡ
䣡
ַһȭݺݵӡƽؿڣ𶯣ƽؿһ˽ȥͬһ㣬صˤ˵ϡ
ҡҲģ
ƽѾˣӣΪԼӺŮ֮Ӷıߵĩ·
Ҳһ֮ˣ

ƽˣ黹ûֵѸٵĴ绰ǼְҵƷߣȷƽݡ
ܿ˾ˣ˽⵽󣬺ܲĿ˿ַ壬ʵںƽַɱġ
ַѧԺѧѧԺ´˻ķǿ߶ɵ֣οǣ
ˣƽݺܿȷҲַɱʮֿ˳ˡټϱ׼֣һʮ֣ջȷܷ
үӣҵûѧУˣǡ
ַҪߣүȴסַַ壬ղҪ㣬ǰ׼׶༪ˡɱƽô죬ԸǧӶԱл⡣
ǧ򣿡
ַתһˣǰ׼ʾãǧԺ׼Ƶ鷳ͲͨѧԺˣֱϵַ弴ɡ
ַҲҪǮǱûоܾ
Ǿ͸лүˣҵϵʽԺƵ£ҡ
˵գַͰ׼ҸǺ漣һ뿪˰׼ҡ


21 ѧ
˺ܿͻصѧԺַһʱֱύ
ɣʮ֡񷢲߸׷˶ʮ֣һʮ֡
ַһͻʮ֣Աߵ漣Ӷ˳ȻǸҲûôǮʱ䣬һѧͻ˲ǧֱǮ졣
ѹֶΪߣ߽׬Ǯ˿£Щ˻ķǿأ
漣ԼûΪǿˣȴַ彻ãַкܴϣƻɾͷ˵ġ
ַȴû̫ˣԭʮһֻ֣ʮ֣һǰʮ֡
ȻѾܶˣһűһһٻֻвСĲࡣһ񣬿»УҺķʱ̫ˣַȱľʱ䡣պÿһÿһӣӻ˷ѡ
ַЩˣüͷ漣ʵ磬ôˣõôֻˣ
ʵҲַҲѡ
ǲˣһһѧһЩ֡
ַҲʵʵ˵û
ʲôѧô󣿡
űһ㡣
漣̾ͲѯűĽܺ˶Ŀɿڴƿԡ
һٻֵѧֻǵһ㡣޵ȭʥֱǮס
漣ҡҡͷǿʵ磬㻹ٵ֣
ʮĸְɡ
ַɻĿ漣ѵ漣а취
ֻʮĵ֣
漣ɫһɣЦ˵磬÷ﻹжʮ֣ҼѧԺõġѧԺǻӣôָҲûãתʮ֣Ƚűһ㹺˰ɡ
ַЩݣʮɲСĿǿ൱һǧԪ漣˵ɣ漣ÿ¼Ҳܸ̫ǮҲǼ֡
ܿЩǮ漣һЩ˽˻ϾΪǮеġ
漣лл㡣
ַ˿Ķ漣ûоܾڵȷҪ֡
磬ǰ;ԺѧԺҾˣзţһǺߣ
һЦ漣ѸٵĽʮתַ塣
ת֮漣Ҳ뿪ˣûطú˯һʱڰ׼ңҲûôϢ
ֱַӽѧԺ̳ǣѸٵҵ˾űһ㡣漣ʮַ֣Ѿӵһһ֣㹻űһˡ
򣡡
ַ̹˾űһ㣬ʱһٻ־ʧˡҹܿĹ
ǧһιҲ˵֮ǰѾǧ˹˾ű壿
ַЩȣϸҲ̫⡣űٰҲڸǲһλʥѧƾһ㣬㹻˶ˡ
ô࣬ȴһ˶ɡ
ΣľűһѧѾ͵˽䣬ա
̵ַ㿪ԼѧԺ˽䣬Ȼ˾űһĿھͼ񣬻ͼĲï
ҲһЩѣ磬űһֻ޹Լϰδ޵ȭʥͬ⣬˽Դڣȥ
ĻһʵǾ͵ųһλʥߵŭɡ
û˭ôɵһλʥߣҲΪˣ󶥼ѧԺڵĸѧûȥ
õ˾ű壬ַ̾Ϳʼϰ
űçţһǵøʲô⣬ҲǾϰʽȵѰԼڵġʶͨʶ˽ȫÿһ缡⣬ÿһǡ
ֻƿȫȻܽһϰ
ʶ
ַЩˣʵϲַ巸ѣϰű߶᷸ѣ󲿷ֵ߾ͿһءǸ޷ҵԼġʶȻҲ޷ɾű塣
ˣűһǧٴεĹƺϰ˺ܶ࣬ɵȴ٣ַȷűڶĹһ١Ͼһ㶼ûɣôȥڶ㣿
ַû٣ǰվűĿھ׼һ¡
Ǳ۾ƽעԺУѰҡԼġʶ
ַ尴տھϵĲ裬עʱ˼ҲƮƮӷڷ˳ȥɵ˻ҰУһͷçţڻҰбܡ
ַѾ׵ĳĸо֮Уçţ⣬ǰһƺͬվűĿھçţƺɡ
çţڲϵıʱȻһͷޣ⻹ַһΡΡޡָоǳʵһͷçţһͷޣһͺƵģʼսš
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬çţͶ޺ȻͬʱʧַҲ͵ĴӺڰ˹


22 ƿ
ʶʶ
ַоЩԾʶôçţͶޣ
ȻںçţͶ޻򣬵ֻںϣҵĻΪλˣҲܱçţҲܱɶޣҾң
ַ岻çţͶ޻ʶĻôûиκα仯վű˵һҵԼġʶǼܸܵÿһѪ⣬ÿһǣѪҺѪܹ
ǶԼԵƿأַûĸоˣûҵԼġʶ
Ѿϣַȴ٣Ҳûгԣ¿ʼ۾ѰԼġʶ
ģַַ·çţһַ·˶ޣϵϢҲ׺ݡŰ޵Ϣɢ
ַֻһˣ˿϶ᾪʧ롣
Ϣַı鶼ʵַΣգûںں˻ȴһֱûܳ׽çţͶ޻Ƕ޻򣬸Ǳַ
պں޻ôַĿܲǴƻǳת޻򣬱ɹ
ַԽԽÿ£þűˣԼڵǶôĿ¡
һΡΡΡ
ַѾǲжٴˣһֱŬѰԼġʶȴһֱûܳɹʶѾʧһ㣬ֻçţͶ޵ʶ
ַû٣һδεĳԣУصСʱ򣬻ص˼Си磬ãмˡڴУַ塰ǸڲϵСк
СкôôĴƺʱȥ
ҽϧһдۣһҪκ÷
ϰ۵
һģǧҪ
ĸõ
ǿһ㣬ȫ˶ڿ㡣
Ҹϲ֮һ˭죿
ǴºͶֺ
磬㲻Ҫ˯ˣһҪ
ַ֣ҡš
ַ·Ѿ£ӡԶǵĻ档
ַʮһʱˣķǵ˥֢һǳΣյľأڼ˵ĲиŬ£ַûзƣ漣ͦ˹
ңҾַ壡
ַһŭΧĻ˲飬ͬʱ·çţͶޣֻ˲Ǹ꣬ȴżᶨ־Ск
Ҳ֪˶ãçţͶ޶ʧˣֻʣǸСкǿĴӲվ
䣡
ַ۾ԺеĻ˲ʧ
ҹɫɣΧʮֵַȴƽ
ʶʵѰԼ
ַţһжˣűҪѰġԼȫԼʶôԼ塣
ַһѪҺѪﱼڣͬӲΰ㱼ӿǿܸܵÿһѪ̺űըçţǶ޵ַֻ屾ȫַܹƿصǶַ
һ̣ԣַ嶼֪ܵƾĶֵѾȫçţͶ޻ǶԼľƿأ
ַǵ˻ں鿴ݡ
ʣ19.56
18.85
ݣ11.34
ܣȭϰͨçţɣçţ⣩
ںϣçţں϶100%ѳںϣ޻ں϶100%ѳںϣ
16%
ûκα仯ַȴѾ̥ˣڲſޣڵȫΪһ塣
ƽַһȭܽƽ򱬣޹ѧֻǴѹ
ΪַѰҵʶҲĸܵڲϵ˥ߣѾڼӿٶˡ
ϸڽɥʧʧתǻ顣
ˣԭҽжһٵ˥ٶȣ룬ʱ̣ҾͻΪٳ˥߶ȥ
ַ˼ȸУܹܵԼһţԼһĽӽǺεȵĲ̣
ַסǿΪǳֻԼԼ
ҵԼʶֻǾűĵһȻҲǹؼһɾű壬һξ롣
űܹһ࣬ԭΪűһ㣬Ҫ۳һھűеľ
Ҫ۳ǳѣѰԼʶƿȫҲֻΪ»ѡ
ȻѾҹˣַ徫ʢ棬ûϢٽʼ۳


23 
ϸ˵һ֡ʵľΪְҵ߽׶Σûʲôνġ
ְҵ߶Լʣս似һּɣԼȫһķʽȥӶúԵЧ
Ȼ߲ûʲôȴ޷ϰ෴ԭϻʵϣеͨ
ؼھűĻ֮һƿȫ
ͨƿȫȻסȫγһķʽʵھűУķʽ۳
ۿȴܹĸܵ·ʵһ㡣
ô
ַ˾űԭֻ۳һűĵһǴɡ
ǣַ㿪ʼվűϵĲ裬һһȻܹƿȫҪεľ۳״ұʵǷǳѵģһСľͻ塣
һ壬Ҫʮ£ַʿǽӽͨ˵Ķʮʣַ岻ΪжְҵܹȵһְҵƷߣҲֵֻܴ
ַƿȫȻûоԹֻܹǵƾҲĶϵԶһְҵƷߡ
Ȼ˵ַ޵ˣʵһְҵߣǾƷְҵߣһҲƻɾͷˣܹɾͷ˵ģʶǳɫѰְҵƷߵ
Ȼߺ٣ֻǲôһ˿ϣƻɾͷˡַ˿̵ʣȻҲͳٲַǳ֮һˡ
ңպַܼں޻򣬲ϵʣԽһְҵߣ
ͣ
ַȻеһۣǼһ˿Ѫһγˡ
ܿ죬͸оڵϸڿ޸ոܵ˼ۿɼٶѸٻָš
ǳǿĺôǰַ֪ĳǿʵʲôãֱѰҵʶȫƿס׳ǿʵĿ¡
ǱַǿֲҪµԣⳬǿʣַԳޱǿһָˡڣʧܣһҲʮ£أһ򣬿ӻӣƱϻָˡ
µʣµĻָ
ҲַϰűṩױȵƣһδεĳһβǾΣβǾΣβǾĴΡ
ʮΡٴǧζУַͲ۲
ʵ֤Ҫϰٴεĳԣȷѣַڳʮκڣ΢΢һһȭΧĿѹһ£䶼𶯡
ˣ
˼飬ڴһɲǣҵĹȻķˣǡţʥߴѧ
ַϲɫʥߵļʶԶԶ˾űһ㣬Ҳ޷ݳڶ㡣
һô治֪ڶ㡢ǺεȵĿֲ
ַһ϶ϰű壬ڴˣɫҲѴ׼ȥ緹ȻͨѶҵ
磬ңѧԺ㳡
ַһ漣漣鷳
ַ緹ҲˣֱӱѧԺ㳡ȥΣ漣ѧԺΨһѣ漣ܳ¡

ѧԺ㳡ʱѾۼѧ󲿷ѧǿֵġ
Ⱥм䣬漣һѧýŲţһһ飬Ѿ׳ͷҡ
ޣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǵȷˣҲ÷漣
˵һܿӣ䲻󣬵ȴܳȣ˿ɫҲܲÿ
ҹôƨ콾ƾǣսһûܴģҲܳ콾ڱҺúýѵһ٣Ҳǵĸ߳ȥѧԺ档
ֺЦ˵
սȭͷһߵģ
ʵ»漣漣ԭʳôַɱƽ¼ټַΪվһȭܳ˵Ƶˡˡַʱ䣬ʹѧԺ
ƫƫַѧԺһֱìܵģܵ۸
ˣôͷͿߣ˫̶չ֮ġԾ
콾Ȼʾֻһս콾ͲһԶˡ
ޣսڰ˰λЩĶȥ⣬޼ƵѧԺڡһ֡ˡ
콾ˣߣȴŭԡ
Ȼһƽ˽Ҳѵһ٣涪ѧԺ
ˣ磬ң
漣дϲ


24 ɻ
Ⱥַֿ˽һ۾Ϳ˱޲ڽµ漣Ŀһӱɭ
һ콾ַ壿
Ҳϸַ壬ȴư֮ɫ
û˽ַˣӦþˡ
ַҲЩ죬ʲôʱ˵һ콾Ҫ֪ԴѧԺ󣬳漣⣬ûкѧй
ַȴ֪ȻӼֻ漣ѧԺȴĴ˵롣
ϴεľƵһַˡˡͱѧԺѧǶ꣬Ǿһȭ֪öҲȥ
ȴǱײˡ֮Щѧְ֪ҵ߶һȭ򱬱е
ȻַһδսҾǧֱڣõҲһ⡣
Ȼ漣ַƽǿǻӣѪܵսˣַȻûôѧԺѧȴһ콾λá
޵Ŀʵַ壬һǧֱ֪ߵغѾսҵڰ˰ַ֪߶ˡ
漣ǲˬˣҲһѵ֪ѧԺǵţüβˡ
ʵЩַ֮Ͳ룬ʱȣ˷κһʱ䣬֮˷ʱ䡣
ǣ浽漣漣ҲΪôңôַҲͲһˡڵʵ˴˻ķǿ߶⣬ûʲôη塣
ҴһӮˣκˣǾ漣Ǹ뿪ѧԺȥ򡣡
ţȥ򣿡
ַô˵޵ǺܲˣȥǷǳΣյģΪΣգԳٳٲȥȻ̬ˣһҲͱƻˡ
޿ɲΪܣǣһڴӦУҪˣҲȥ򡣡
磬Ӧȥ
漣ԭܸˣַͱˡڣΪַˣȴҪȥǿΣյġ
ַ忴һ漣˵ͷҴӦҾʹȥˡ
ǧȥȥô
޴Ц
ַɣĿⶢŷޣ÷޵ЦԽԽΣ󲻵òЦݣһŽ漣߿
ȥ֮ǰȽѵһ٣ȥͽЩ޿ɲὲ
âһžһ죬һȭ·һ㡣һŸѧ׹ֵʮ֣ϳѧˡ
һȭѹ·ѹ˼£ҿ𶯡һϣͻпµ֮
һȭǿǿַԤ⣬Ѿ֡ǰĻַֻçţӲӲһܿռ·硣
ڣַȴһֻƽ棬һȭ
ž
ֻһȭַַȫӿÿϸڻÿѪڵȫ˳κʽçţûʩչֻһȭ
飡
ӲӲֻȭͷײһ
˲䣬ɫǺ죬ȫڲ˶ڼĿʲôֱ۸͵ء
ۼѾ޵ֱƲסĲţһȭУ
ֳܰ˷·𶼲Լ۾޿ְҵƷߣһϰ׹ս˰٣ְҵеٮٮߡ
ЩѾǰ־ƻɾͷ˵Ŷ⣬ѧԺȷûǷ޵Ķ֡
ڣȴˣһǰܸһֻǧ
޻û䣬ַȻҲûͣ£ƽһȭûʩչçţûбһСģᱻһȭ
д󺧣Ѿʹˣֻһҧӭ
飡
ӲӲһΣС˺ܶķޣֱ۷һ죬̲סղͣ
Ѿɫ԰ףֱֻ۶޷ˣˣĺܲңֱҲʮ²ָܻ
ô
ַɫȻУʵ̫ˣʩչѧҲŽֶֻܴȴһȭĶϵ
ԣֱر
ˣ
ҧгݣǳԼʧܡ
Ȼ˾͸漣Ǹ֮ڣϣ뵽Ϣ
ɫһ󷢰ףûȥ˵֮¡ַĮı飬һȥΪַ׷Ź
ѧԺҪһʵ̫ˡ
漣Բ𣬲ð㣡
˵˵
漣Цţô˵޶ѧԺķǸҲˡ
һȥܷˡ
ԣùʱҲȥ򡣡
ַ嵹Ҳûбȵֻ̫ҪȥǽͲܸġο˼ףޱ취ӣʱҲҪȥ
ߡ
ҧ뿪˹㳡


25 ֵ
뿪һ󻶺ν콾֮ǰַһ˼ȺĬˡ
ַ콾ǲһȺЦˡ
ַǰϵ漣漣۵죬ȴɺ˷ܣЦ˵Ҿ֪һ޶ˣԺѧԺܺˣ˭ң
漣ûûεӣַεҡҡͷѾҪȥҽˡ
ȥôȥǸ쵰ֿɲᣬҪ°̺۾鷳ˣϽȥҽԺ
ǣַȺ뿪漣ȥҽԺҡոߵ·漣ȴɫһµʵ磬Ҫȥ򣿡
ǵģ˵ѧԺɫѧȥҵĿǴƻɾͷˣȥ޲ɱ֮䣬ܴƻ
ַռڷǿǵ¼ƻǳԷˮҪ׳ҪͰΪһЩ书ܳɹġ
ʵϣųɾϵķǿߣ޲ɱ֮У֮䣬ھ²ܼǱܣܴƻ
ںƽĻ޷ƻ󶥼ѧԺѧԺڵѧҲֻǴ»ǿʵһжȥ׼
ַʵѾĲˣں޻˾űһ㣬ְͨҵƷߣѾԶԶַĶˡ
ַƻҲֻȥ
漣˿̾Ϣһ磬ѾˡԷĿǰʵȥȷû⣬ҲһҪ׼޶಻ʤÿ겻֪жְҵȥְҵƷҲգҼҹ˾ҵÿ궼һְҵߡˣȥ׼
һЩȵȣ׼׵磬ҪһЩɹЩǼֵĵطЩԺ֣Լû¶ǮĿǰаǧԪʮְɣҶת㣬׼
ַ죬ܾȴôҲ˵
ֻصĵͷֵܣǷġ
ֵ֮ܣ˵ʲôǷǷġʵҲͶʣôţȥ˵ȱǮ֪ϸǮԺǴƻɾ˷ˣҲѧԺڿԺߣѧԺҲܺˣʱɱҾС
Ȼ漣˵ѣַĺܸж
֮ǰ漣͸ʮ֣и˰ʮ֣һһٵ֣һԪˡ
ɲǱСĿһЩͲţڵַǸţžһܴƻǿɲһ෴ŵʻܸߡΪŶҪƻͻη壬ԸǰΣյĵطߡ
ˣܹƻɾͷ˵ǿҲ޼˵ǵġͶʡͻˮƯˣ漣˵ôɣ
Ƿˣ
ַҲȷҪ֣ڵȫĶΪƻ׼ˣֻܽ漣İĬĬļĵס
պгһմƻɾͷˣǾǰٱǧ򱶻ر漣Σˣһнݣ޹ˡ
ǣַ忪ʼռһЩϸϣʵĻ֣Ҫ˽
ľޣЩ಻Զͨ޾ְҵƷߣҲΪʲôȥҪְҵߵʵС
ֻͨޣоӢޣְҵƷߣǿְҵƷ۷Ŀ´ڡ
д˵еߣǳƵְҵ߼޵Уֻдƻǿ߲ɱЩ߼ޡ
ϣǿߵľˣһΧǺģֵڶ࣬ǳΣա
ͬȼ޽ʱʵռһƣΪ书ʵȴʧء
Ϊ޺ܶ඼ǳȺӵĻһȺȫпܵġ
˽⵽޵ַҲ֤һԼʵȥǰԼʵһ׼ȷĶλǳбҪҪ鷳
֤ʵõĵطȻսˡ
ַսʱдѧ׼սҡַĬĬڶĩβ
ַѾȣѧԺڵġһˡˣ̾˽ַ˳
ַѧҲҪսˡ
˵ַѧһսҾǧô̵ʱڣʵͷ˰ٵķѧ
ַ֪ѧŴսңܵʲô̶ȣܲܽǰ٣
ЩѧȲ뿴ַսҵһǫַȥսҡ
ַû뵽ִҲֱߵǰλáһĵȴŶӣҪһСʱֵڿԽʡôʱ䣬Ȼ
ַսңϢɿѧԺڴţѧԺһˡʵѧܺ档
ǣս⣬̶ʮӾ;ۼˣս⡰Χۡĵȴ


26 ٴս
濴ս
ôѵõĻᣬЩȥѧ⣬ѧԺھַֻѧǿ˰ɣϧַѧս档
ʵҲûа취սڵսһսһ־ܿ
ò˵ѧԺĹ߿϶ǸˣѧԺʲôûǮֿҲûǮҼֵơ
һսһ֣ǿһԪһԪһսѧԺ⣬˾췽ҹ̷ѧԺڣ£ѧǮһܿŵսҲԸ⡣
ǣһѧǰȥֱݿˢһ֣ʱսĴĻϾͽַӰ
쿴ַѧ
ַѧȻһӾսٵѧ
ѧѾҵˣ˵ʱѧԺڣҲȥɱޣֻϧʮûܴƻȻ뿪ѧԺ
ַսڣɲ֪սĻ汻˹ۿ
սĵȷٵӡԷҲְҵƷŲ׵սʵԶޡңӻȥɱ޵ߣõԽʯ
çţ̤ɽ
ַ岻ҵһʼ˲ʩչçţȫӿƺƵһͷ񱼵çţ㣬ӡ
çţַյĵһѧվֻͨѧտʼַСһ
ڣַܹƿסȫĵҲⶼܴĶϵˣڵçţַֻĹﵽֵĵز󣬵ȴС
һְҵƷҲֵѧܴﵽϣﵽĶֵĶǳǿˡ
ְҵƷеٮٮߣҲұѧܴﵽǧٹѾǳˣַ壬ȴһ¶ֵס˲ͱӰ
սɹ
ô
ַЩ죬ܿӣϾܹ޲ɱǿߣȴַһȭס
ʵַ̫ǿˣԴѰҵʶܹȫǿں޻ۺʴﵽһĵز
ˣҲ׾ˡ
ӣѧȻ󲨣Ѿַ֪ʵǿ󲿷˱Ͼûۼ񿴵սڵ˶һ
Ӷסһȭҿַ廹ûóȫóȫַжǿ
ַѧаǿʵ˰ɣ
ǿѧԺ٣綼ܵĹעܹﵽǿߣ޲Ϊ۷ְҵߣײɱӢޣҲܿ⡣
ˣѧԺİǿߣ϶ְҵߵеϣƻǿߣ
ַոյѧԺܴﵽǿ⼴ѧԺжǷǳټģѧԺʮֻȼʵһңлǿ̵֧ʵ
һַĵһսˡ֮ǰЩԥͬһΣ˲һ֣ٴβ鿴ַս档
ַһսǵһʮκգ
ַսκյԭܼ򵥣ΪκյϽһĿĽܣκնɱһͷǿ
ޣǷͬСɣ𿴺ͬȾҪռƣޣѪﵽ۷塣һЩ̺ǿѪޣǿְҵƷ߶һ֡
ܵɱһͷ޵ߣǴǳǿ
ַΪ˲һԼʵˣɱޣȻһʱս
κǸͨЩªˣĿ࣬ϳ˸񣬿ǳ׺
ݣ
κһ־һնƺƵĵâסַӰô㶼㲻ֱ
׻絶
ַһ۾ϳѧԺڴ׻絶ۼ۸ߴʮ֣һλǿ
ĺҲܼ򵥣Ǿǿ죬ױȵĿ죬âһ㡣
Ȼκյĵٶȿ϶ԶԶ޷ﵽ٣˵УκյĵһâĿ켣
ַٶȲ൱Ŀ죬ϾҲܸߡһҲ޷㣬һΣַΣյĸо
ҲַѪڣҪսҪĶ֣
ûκԥַһ𣺡ƣ
ǼһȭȴǼ򵥵һȭΪַ嶯
űһ㣬ֻһַһʩչ壬ǲ򵥣ַһ͸оںһͬɽ˲䱬嶼Ҫըһ㡣
ڶһȭȥһɡ״ľѹ˼£ڰоײκյĵâ
䣡
ײ˴˷ַӰһûľ޷Ļϣһҫ۵İ׹⡣
˭Ӯˣ
սʧˣ
ְҵߵ
ѧһɫãȻǱղŵսסˡ


27 ǿ
һַվսУκյӰѾʧˡ
κհˣôܣ
ֲκѧ׻絶Ȼʧˡ
ղַѧһȭϤƺЩǾűһ
˵
ǣղŷ·һ޿ƥеűһܹɵ˶Ƿëǰ
ЩѧԺѧҲеģַľűһ϶˶áϾϰű˾Ͳ٣ȻɵָһЩص㻹֪ġ
οűһҲֻһУűҲʽȡʤı⿿ѹ
ַվսڣŸղŵսʵһͰˣЩ͹׻絶ٲ㣬κյ׻絶˲俳ַĲӣһſµɱ¾
κʵǿַκղӦֻһٶλ
ȻӮˣҪսΣַսǵھʮĶ졣
սǿˣҪۼ֤һ漣ĵ
˼飬ǲ˼飬Ȼսǿˡ
սڣ˶۾ֳΪ
սǿʢ¼ѧԺҲѵһʸսǿģЩعǿߡ
սǿҲûзҲǰһλѧˣַܹɹݳΪǿ֣ǾѧԺһˣ
ǴѧԺһСļ¼
սڣַ嶢ǰĶ졣һӰ͸ַ弫ѹȸСַ岻˿Сʵսκվַһѹ˵սʮŵĶˡ
һΣַҲȫԸ
䣡
ˣַһûʹκҲһλȭĸ֣ս
Էһȭַɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪȻܵ˼ǿѹ
ϵں޻⣬ôǿ
ַˣʵ֪ͨȻôֲȴͨˣһλ֮ӡ
ĸĸǴ˻ǿߣҲ˵Ǽ̳˸ĸ˵Ļһ˵һ˻ͺٵã˻ķǿߺͨ˵õĸʲһɡͬΪǿߣʵõĸҲΪɡ
һãǸĸ˻ôͻἯɸĸ˵ĻһڳˣпܳһЩ죬ӵܡ
˺٣ͨ˿һӶˣѧԺѧԺУȴʲô
οսҿ¼ѧԺȫѧһţĸĸ˻ˣڳһ̣עƽ
Ȼٲƽ䵥ҲܴﵽĶϣӦĳȭܹ࣬ﵽ֡
ſֲӸ似ܹǰ١
ַսǲκˡҶսʽַóģԸԸ죬κġ

ַҲûκԥһȭ˶ֵƺƵͬɽӿ
űһɣַܱǿçţѰҵʶҲ޷ܶ죬ᱻܡ
ڣӲӲ˭ǿ˭սʤ֡
ʣַȻǿԴݿ֮ƣֱѹ˶죬Ӱķ顣
սɹϲΪѧԺʷϰǿѧ
սҷ΢𶯣һµİǿѧսҶ𶯡
ǿ
ַȴûʲôͬܶоȻκҪһЩ⵱ȻսʽĲͬӶ˲ͬЧսʽȫַˡ
ַһǿ֮ˣôַҲᱻ׿ơ
ַðǿ񲢲ʲôս⣬ʱȴһƬں֮
ǿȻµİǿѧˣһһλʵ̫˼ˣַ徹ȻĳɹˣܹΪǿģַǵһˣ
ԭַ˵ķ޻ЩǺַ壬취ַ塣ڣַѾ˰ǿ˼ʧˡ
ˣǸַʵʵȥɡ
еܿɬôȥôһ⻹ôֱЩɱҪֲ
˶ܺ棬һսַֻѡ˭


28 ħ
ˡ
սڣַţʵղѾˡԸʮĶ죬ѾȫԸҽֻȶ߳ˡ
ǶԸߵģβֹۡ
Ȼѡ񣬳Ҳǲܣʲô壿һԼľʵΪ˳ͷġ
ˣַ屾ʹ˳սʱ۽ǿЩǿѧ
ǰһضѧԺɫĵӣȻһ˻򣬾Ͳʹսˡ
ʵַ忴ʵѾǿǿˣ춼ֻھʮţһǺεǿ
ʵսһˣַ廹˵ǿνѧԺʷϵһ棬Ѿ۰ѧԺսҵһλó˶ʮꡣ
Ԥ⣬Էܼ۰Եһλһ꣡
ħʤ
ַбһ˿âսһ۰Եһλöʮ֮ãѧԺѧ֮ΪħĶʤ
ҿ㵽жǿ
ַҲټˣ˻ῴһʶһ´ħ
սʤ
̶ַսҵϵͳ˵
ս⣬ĻȴһӰû˻档
ô£
ôûлˣ
û˳ַѧڼս
˶ЩĪ֪ô¡
ȻЩ׼һֵˣȴ͵ɫ䣬衭Ҫʮֲܹսˣ
ʮ֣ǲֻսħʱŻ𣿡
ѵַѧҪսħ
ħһαսǶãǰɣʱѾԴƻѧǰȥսʧܶ顣ַѧôսħ
һħ֣ѧɲһˣħѧԺһδ棬ҲѧԺĽ
ȻħѾ˻ѧԺҵˣħѧԺµһ¼漣ȴܹơħͳѧԺĴ
˶ܴħûһܹɹġ
ħ˹עȣ˴ĻԣΪѧԺôôһ׬ǮĻ᣿ˣսħǶһκ䶯¼Ҫۿı븶ʮֲС
ǿǧԪΪ˹ۿһս
ʮ̫࣬һ˳һ֡
ЩѧɰͲסģǹ˵㣬ܹСοһＯ֡
ܿ죬ʮֳＯϣսľĻֳַӰʱսûпʼǻܹһ

սڣַ廰£ܵĻʼ仯Ȼһޱ߿Ļԭ
ԭɪľʵģĳЩطֻսħʱŻսı仯
ħӰҲĳˡ
ħʤһĮִϽս׵ӣӿǳֻ꺮һ㣬˸е⡣
䣬ȷǴħϢħͬλ˻ķǿѪҴħ˱ܣһʣսɶﵽ۷塣
ַһսħһ־ʹױȵѹ

ַȳ֣һȭçţҲ·Ϊһͷçţһ㡣
⾳У·һͷޣһ̵ַĽ޻ȫ˳
һŭ𣬹һȭѾְҵƷ۷߸еĿɿڴԵֵˡ
űһ㡢޻çţȵȣκһֶǷǳǿ󣬸ο֣
һȭַ˰˶ֶѾӽ˾Ŷ֣һ¥Ҳ
Լַ廹Ǻŵġ
ħֲַһȭΪȵȭס˴ħ̧ͷĿ·ʯ
䣡
ħˣҲһȭȴűܣɫ˪ɫܣŹâһ㣬Ŵħһȭַһ
ž
ûκͽңַһɲǺ޿ƥеѹȫӲ·лա
˲ɢˣͳܲסħ
һȭַܣ

ȻˣħǴħ
ּʶħˣַѧҲŽֻˣһȥĥ꣬˵ٴսħˡ
ٺ٣˵ףսħģƻˣڴƻ֮ǰûʤħҿħǷǿµĵһˣûܴ
ɲһ
˶ʼۣħȷǸÿսħ˵ۡ
ʱսڣַҲĿûǷϣûоɥеȴս⡣
û뵽£ôǿ
ַĸе⣬ħ֮ǿ񣬼ں޻治һܹܴħ
һĺԶڱˡ
ַ屻ħܣҲһѡΪܳΪǿѧƺͺˣ˱ˣҲһܹƻ
ȻʧܣַⷴĶ


29 ׼
뿪սңѹѹһȺˣַ嶼Щ㵡
ȻַսħʧˣϾҲǰǿѧЩ˶ַʮֹһѧеĽš
ʵϣַֻǸˣЩ˲ѧ
ַûжֱӾ뿪սҡΪ˰ǿѧ¼Ǻܿʹˣ˳ַѧԺڵĵһǿߣ
ַȴûںЩѾҪˣˣѾʼ׼ˡսڣַ巢ֺܶ˶ʹõ
ȻһУ԰̳ѯʣҲЩˡЩսõЧʿ϶ֻȭҪߵö࣬ҲΪʲôôʹսԵʡ
ַ御޵ȭűҲȭȻȥǾҪ׼֣οһŵҲǻ¡
ǣַһҧðʮֶһ׻絶һǴ似ҲѧԺ似֮һ
սңַѾ̹׻絶ˣҪѡһŵȻѡ׻
׻ҲȽǴٶȣٶȡʤַϰһ֪ⲻǶʱɵġǱֻȷһߣպϰ
˵ս
սͺܱˣѧԺڵ̳УսۣиսгۣҼ۸񻹲ֻҪһ֡
ˡ
ַ忴һɫиս̾ѡս
ܿ죬ս͵ַУиսҪʯв䡣ʱʯܹսܳʱˡ
ַ彫ս˳ɫսޱȵķһš𵴡ЧǷǳµɱ
׻絶޲ɱûʲôˡ
ַ⡣
ôĻֵ㣬Ҳֻʣ˼֣ԭ빺һ׻׵ģѾ
Ҳգȥɣҵʵȫбϵġ㹻Ļ֣Ȼʲôʲô
ַѾ׼׵ˣҪǰʵַ
һ־ͨѧԺڲķɴһ·˾ܵѧԺĻأܶѧķȥ
ַŵǺܰȫɴлϵͳǿĻѧԺƻǿȥѧԺĻǰǳİȫȱҲԣһεķþ͵ʮֵ㡣
ؼַʮֶûˡ
ڶְ취ѧԺȡһȥҲִܹһûκηãûֵΪꡣ
ȻַҲΣգȻǻһ;ΣգǱֵġȻȥ·Ѿ̶ܹˣżеù̶ޣӶʧأΣա
̶пûдƻǿߡ
ַûпǶ೤ʱ䣬Ȼѡ˵ڶ֡ȥҲΪɱĥôΣգ
οܽԼֵ㣬ַǿҲٸ鷳ˡ
ǣַ㿪ʼ̳Ҫȥ
ʵȥַܶ࣬御ѡĿĵѧԺڽܿų˴󲿷ֵ
ҵˡ
ַһ̳ϸոշһҪļѧԺѧְҵƷϡһȥɽء
ǡѧԺĻؾɽ
ˡ
ַûκγɣҪѧԺѧַһ̾ϵ˷ޡ
ޣϽһȥĿĵɽأѾˡ֡
΢΢һ㶣ڶַѾķڷЩη壬ҾܾǱ㰴ַ˵Ҳ
ʱ̣Ҳг׼ʱ䡣

ַʱڣڽ׻絶ˣֻţսҲǿðˡ
Ҳ㹻ˣֵǵʵսɱһһ
ۿȥʱԽԽٽˣַȥ漣漣
漣ܶݣַ޳Ƿһϡ漣ھưɺˣһĺҲܴ漣Ŀе֪漣ӵʵܿƣҲΪĶֻϧû
ַ漣Դ漣ѧУᡣ
Σ漣ֵܣ˻ɾͷˣҲչһ漣
˯е漣Ű׾֣ó漣԰׾ĺġ
ֵܣˣԺԵټ
ַ漣ߵ˵ʵѾ⣬ȥһҪƻûܳɹԶҲزˡ
ܿ죬ˣַٿһ漣󣬱ʰһ뿪ѧԺ


30 
޳ʢ㳡ַͷ޳ʱѾۼˣҸְҵߡ
ǻ񼯺ϵص㣬޻ЩԸְҵƷѧԺ֮ӣɲЩְͨҵ߻һ
κַҪҲ޿κΡ
ߵ˱˸Ե֣ȻһӢŮӭ
ӭλԵһŵʱ׼ʱ
һĸ߰˭ܿóַȻûи߰ӣϿɷǳĮŮһЩΡ
ŮԱиͷСŮƲƲ죬µߣѧԺѧôʲô˲ġ
СİҪ˵
Ů˵棬޺ַǸ
ַ嵹⣬ͷһڹ㳡Ͼĵȴš
㳡½ˣлмˡǱȽְ֪ҵƷߣְҵƷ̶ֻ֧ˡ
ȻⲢ޺ַ壬˭뵽λְҵƷѧԺѧֵֻ
ϾѧԺҲֻҪְҵƷ߰ˡ
һСʱѾĲˡ
ʱղŮ˿ʼ˵λĶˣɽͻֻһ㣬ǾȽΣգһޣһҪڲߣȨ߳飬ܾ֧꣡
˶ޱ飬ǽӵˣ߶ԴΪְҵÿλԱ߻ȥ򣬾ʱܻһЩΣգȴܸߣֵȥðˡ
ѧԺѧϺٲμ񡣱ϾѧԺѧҸԣ˭ϡٶûٱ
ҲΪʲôڵַ֪ͷ޵ݺ˵Ŀⶼ̲סͶ˵ԭ
ˣҼȻû飬Ǿ̣
㳡ϿǾͻʹùܣڷɴļ۸̫߰һиͲʹ÷ɴ䣬Ļȥһ˵󶼲ɴѵġ
ַͷ޶һУĿռ仹Ͼʮڳַ忴лΪ׵ǸŮˣǸСİĿɰŮ
㣬ȥûΣհ˵򶼺Σա
Сİƺǵһȥкģηġ
Ц˵̫ΣգϾολְҵƷߡǶ·ߣȻḻһЩޣҲܽ
ְҵƷߣǿʲôʱܳΪְҵƷ߰
СİֻҪŬһܳΪְҵƷߵġ
㣬˵ǰڼѧԺô뿪ˣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Щȴʲôû˵
ЩŹַ֣ͷ޶ܲ죬ӢŮˣȻҲǼѧԺѧ
ҪΪѧԺѧǿɲ򵥣ֻܹ뼫ѧԺѧԺȻͬΪ󶥼ѧԺѧԺѧٻˮ֣Ǯܽˮܲô
󶥼ѧԺҲǼѧԺѧԺȻҲȻǳԶҲǶӶࡣ
޳ǣѧԺôʵ̫಻ѧӵˡ
㡱ܽѧԺ϶츳Ͳ֪ʲôԭѧˣҲһι¡
СİҲ֪˵ˣǼæ˵㣬ﶼšѧԺЩˣһ竡ѧ
ţСѾͷ˵ʲôأ
۾һɣСŮһ٣ٶġơǣͱһˡ
ַҲüͷ£СİһʼƺǣҲһ˿ᷳ
ǣѧԺһЩӵܣȻܽ񣿡
Сİ죬¡
Сİ
ǳ⣬ȻҲЩϲѧԺѧϾַͷǽģҲܵǳ
СѾͷܽǵˡߣһСѾͷҲһʶҪ;ΣʱɱޱǾ㡣
ǻʵǣ¿޾ŵܲ˰ɣ
һְҵƷѧԺţȴһСѾͷƫƫȴܽСѾͷô
磬Ҫǡ
˵
ַüëһĸ֪ƺʲô
磬ôˣ
ϸ
ʲô
нŲܶࡣ
ַɫ㱾ҲΪ⣬ϸɫȴһӱò԰
ޣˣСİڳϱ
ӳȥ


31 
ʮͣӳˣְҵߡ޶ǳ֣Ǵ󲿷ֶر޴ĻûЧ
ҲΪʲô߳Ϊصˡ
ַͷҲȥǰһȺޣЩ񹷣ͷҪö࣬ȫʻҰɫ飬мֻ
ǣͨޡ
޶Ҳһ˽⣬ʵϺܶ˶˳ǳǡͨǻҲͨޣֻбȽǿĲӢޡ
ǲ࣬󲿷ֶͨޣֻܶ࣬Щ̫öԸ
ɢ
㣬ŮƺᣬʮϵѧԺʵҲһ
һ£߶óЩΪɱЩǣΪŻҽɢ
ž޴ƻ൱ģ̾һ˿ңǶ̲סˡ
ء
ȻһǺЩЩҵǣȻָֽ򣬲һĶųӡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ĿЩǵм䣬һͷͨСľǡ
ͷǣȺоȻͷǣ鷳ˡ
ɫЩ̫ãͷǣҲһ֧Ⱥ죬Ǿ൱ͨޣƺôǿͷǵʵȴǳ£
ÿһͷǿɶְҵƷ۷ߣһһĻһְҵƷԶԶ֡
ǻôͨǣı˴սǱضһսʤҲǲʤ
˿ܿ˾˳ǿλְҵƷߣѯʵλǾḻְҵƷߣ֪λܷԸͷǣ
˳һ˵ԸͷǵĻӦò⡣ͷôͨǹҲΧɱͷǡ
򵥣ǻһǣλֻҪרĶԸͷǾˡ
û⡣
ҲԵúţȻͷҲûɱ
̾˲ã˴󲿷ֵߣͻӣλְҵƷȥΧɱͷǡ
ʣµԭأӡ
ַ塢ޣλﱣӰɣҲ뱣һСİֻЩλûʲô⡣
㶼˵ˣַҲ˵ͷǵְ𡣡
ȻǽǾһᱣóӵˡ
ߡ
޵̫ԸСİѾͷʵ̫ࡱˣַڣ˵ϻСİҲ죬ƺԸⱻַͷޱ㶼ȥΧɱˣҲ϶ܲ
ַ嵹ûСİʵȺ󷽣ǳ֮ǰͲʲôΣա
ʱѾʼ֯߶ǶˡַҲǵһο֮սȻսѾǳоˡ
֯ʮְҵߣٶְҵƷϣ󲿷ְҵƷлλְҵƷĶߡ
Щ߸ֳ־ִ󵶻սõսȷռ˱ˣЩҲͷǵ£ߡ
ЩͨǸ޷ôʲôвˣƽٶȺܿ죬СӾѾƽͷ첻Զλá
ɱ
ְҵƷȺӰһѸٵͷǡҪͷǣֵסλְҵƷߣ
οڲͣͷΧǡ
ͷǲûܣһȻִһȦְҵƷսһȦ
һ˿·硣
٣Ҳˡ
޵Ϊ⣬ְҵƷߣսܷḻʵȴô޶аһ
Ͼ޿ѧԺѧѧԺܹϰָѧЩѧԺ֮߿ûôˡ
СİЩŭսȭͷߣϰһɱͷǣЩǣЩѧԺĹӸ磬ֻ֪Ժ֣¶ûô׺ްɣ
ɫһٲһСŮһʶʱҲùǺְҵƷ۷ߣѧԺѧﲻܵӡƫƫôһССĳУȴһСѾͷҡ
÷޶ըˡ
ǣЦðǾͿܲܽЩ޻ˣ
Щַ岢ûᣬΪĸ֪Ⱥƺһ˿Źֵı仯ĳΣյϢ
ﲻԾ
ַ͵̧ͷĿޱȵء
Сģͷǣ
ַ̲ס


32 һȭ
ʲôͷǣ
˶ˣһ֧Ⱥô֧ͷǣ
ಣ
ַע⵽ͷ͵ĸ߸ԾȻʼѸͣգۼͱ˼屶ͨˡ
ﻹͨǣͷǣ
ַѵĺܼʱְҵƷߵķӦһ㣬ӴͷǷǳƻһӷѸ
飡
ְҵƷһȭ͵ϮͷǣͷǵȻϵǿһ֮£ְҵƷ߶е飬̲ס˼ֱ۶ֻһʵˡ

˲Ӳͷͷǰ̾ͷΧɱ֮ǰͷͷǣǻصߵС
ʮְҵߣǽˣְҵߣܵˣȴͷͷǻ
ء
ͷ캿ͬʱǶһǱƽ
߶ǷǳΣյͷǱȴΧסˡ
Ⱥôͷͷǣ
ͷͷǣѾԶһ˰ɡ
鷳ˡ
ЩǾܶḻҲΪ
ʱҲɫһһ˵ûͷͷǣֻһͷͷǣ͵ϮλְҵƷߵޣͷǣ̫ƻˣһͷѷɫǵע⣬ȻŻ͵Ϯ뽫һ򾡡ͷͷǵǻۼߣΣˡ
Ҳһ۸ղųѵַ壬ַֻһְҵƷߣʲôãλְҵƷ߶סˡ
ͷǣƺһ۷˵ְҵƷλˣͷµͷҲһռơ
Ⱥһıƽ˶Щں󷽵˸Ķᵽɤۡ
СİҲ֪ʱβ
޿һСİֿ˿ȺͷͿŵͷǣЦһͷǰˣõôС𣿡
Сİ̲ס˵㡭̫ɶˣû㶼Σ֮ˣǰƴȴں˵
ǷôһͷͷǸͲʲô
ȥɱͷǰ
ΪʲôҪȥ㲻Ǹֻںˡ
㡭
Сİɫͨ죬ȴ˵ʲôۿŶҪˣỨ۾תվֻǸСŮˡ
ޣú󷽡
磬㲻ôȥǣǵӣ֧һʱ䡣
ȻǽǾ͵ó
޺ַһɵӣԱߵСİ죬ȴסʲôû˵
ѧԺĹӸ磬ȥ𣿡
Сİţܵͣȴûб
ַ嵹ˣͲ⡣
飡
ַһ̤ƺ涼𶯣ţϳһӣڵһ㣬˲ȺзԾȥ
ǣ
ѧԺѧ
ѧԺĹӸ磿竰ˣȥô
ղһôǿ²򵥰ɣܶ
ֱַӳȺսûУ˶ܾȣҲǲмѧԺţ󲿷ֻһЩ竣Դѻְҵߵģʲôã
ȻҲַ壬ѱȻҲ޷ַˡ
䣡
ַһȺУһȭµȭ˷ǣûַ壬ͱַһȭ
ңַ廹һһޱȼᶨĳͷƽһֻһֻǷϣ޼¡
ַսһ㣬Ⱥ޿ƥС
⡭
ְҵƷְҵƷ۷߰ɡ
϶ѧԺţ̶ӾȻţ֪Ͳõˡ
ѧԺȻӺܶ࣬Ҳǳ¡˵ʵԶһְҵƷߣϣˡ
ַ˭ַ֪ʵְҵƷ
СİʱҲŴ죬һŵģ÷ãЦСѾͷ֪ǵ˰ɣ
СİƲƲҲ˼㡣ܴùͷͷ𣿡
統ȻңȻҲЩèǿˡͷǣٺ٣ɱͷǶóڶȭ
ţ
СİȻǲţͷͷһ;֪ͬСɣְҵƷߣҲ˵һȭܻͷǡ
Сİ֪ѧԺǿѧĿֲ
ʱַѾһ·ɱͷǰһͷޡ
ء
ͷƺַܹܵвˣͺĿĶַ塣
ৣ
ͷǶˣһͷһַ塣
Сġ
̲סѣﶼЩԹַʵǿҲӦô⣬ӦúǻϣȻһնɱͷǡ
çţ̤ɽ
ַһȭһͷçţڻҰбһ㣬Яֵľֱסͷޡ
飡
һȭͷӴֱӾͱַһȭɣصˤ˵ϡͷǰ˼һȻѾ
ַȭһƵģ
ʣµģˡ
˵ַ꣬»ص˺󷽵ȺС


33 ɽ
һȺԵޣǷͷȥǾͻܿ뿪
Ѹٵĳˣתۼֻʣ˴ʬ壬жŨѪζ
ٿַʱĿѾ𺳼ӾηˣʲôˣӵǿʵȻ𾴡
һ˿âǼѧԺѧǺղַһȭͷζʲô
ʵѧԺжھԵǰУϣƻɾͷˡ
ַȥ򣬿¾Ϊĥµгһ»ֻЩףΪʲôַôһٵ
ַʲôԭ˶飬㶼ʾлûַĻǿɾ鷳ˡ
ǣֱǰȥַл⡣
ллĳ֡
ҽȻӦó֣л
ԱСİɫͨ죬Եúܲڡĺεȷַ˴ҡ
Цз֣Ȼܽһ⡣İɣзڣֻҪߣǻϲ鷳
ߣִţ
Сİͷ޾ǲԸַ֪ʵ϶ǿȴ÷Щڿˡ
ǵʵǿޣҲи֣֮Щ׺ޣʮ˸ְҵƷ۷ҲС
ߣǼֱѣһ֣֧ӶҪȫû
ţѧԺսҵİǿѧ
һĳ羴ȻַʧܣЩԴַ崳սǰ֮ͳ׷ˡ
ҲľôĸԸĸַһȥ
սңʲô
СİԴһɻ󡣶Աߵɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪѧԺѧȻ֪սʲô󶥼ѧԺеģҲǿζʲô
λܹǵҡֻҪλܹǰȫִɽأԸԸλٶʮ֡
ʮ֣ǿɾһǧ˾ǧⲻһС֣ǶһС˵֮УҲ׬һڡһٳĸλְҵߵı꣬ʵûʣ¶ˡ
㡣
СİЩżȴһֹ֣Сİ˵
ַ忴һ㣬ľܾǵ˵ͷá
ٺ٣СѾͷǧҲ׬ˡ
Ц˵
ַı֤΢˿ܶǧĿȴֵõģѾȺˣַλѧԺǿѧڣȫһϡ
·̾˳ˣӾҲżһЩޣƾ賵ְҵߣ׽Ҳòַ֡
ڣʮ󣬳Ӹϵɽء
ɽطǳӴ󣬶Ҳ֣ڶĻ֮һһڱȽϰȫĻء
ˣҵҲȽϷ١
߻ðߣ򴳵ؾЪšĵط
ַ߽ɽʱͿһææµµġʱֱһͷСɽޣһ˷ܡ
ʱ˾ͻĽЩߣܹɱһͷޣһת˵Ҳǧࡣ
ˣְҵߣ򴳵ߣ඼Ƚϸԣǹǿɱޣܻȡʽ
ʽܴԴǵʵγһѭ
ֻܹɱ޵ĸ߽ʵ̫ˣҲΣգ˵ͻᱻ޸ֱ̳ˡ
еִԤصͿʼ㱨ꡣ
Щ߻л޳ǣЩɽɱ׬Ǯ
ַͷ޶õ˱֣꣬һǧԪҲʮ֣һַ׬ʮ֡
ʵҲǳˣ൱ɱһͷޡ
⻹ַֹɱͷͷǣ޲Σ̶Ҳʬһ˻ءһǧַԵɣʣĳɸӡ
ˣǲһǧٰʮ˶ʮ˸һһǧİ򣬲ʮĵ֡
Ҳ˵ַֻһ˻񣬾ͻ˶ʮߵ֣Ҫӽǧˡ
߶ĽѣһҲ׬͵ˣðΣա
ȻĽַ壬Ҳַ֪Ķ׬ǮٶǺܿģλҲ
õ˶ʮߵַ֣Ҳ⡣
ˣǵȥѧԺפرˣԺϣܺ
Ц˵Ķҿ벻Ժټ
ǺַͷһѧԺפء
뿪ıӰСİŵ㣬ҪǳǼ£ڼѧԺҲ϶˲
ҡҡͷ̾һСİ㲻һڼѧԺҲԶԶȲַ塣꣬ɽؾͻһλǿˡ
㣬ܴƻ
Сİ۾š


34 פ
ѧԺפغܴҲ൱ҡַͷ޺ܿҵפء
פƺȽ֣󲿷ֶһЩԱѧԺѧȴȽ١
ַͷҪפʱסˡ
ѧԺפأ˵Ȳý롣
ѧԺѧ򡣡
Ŷ뵽ôǵݿҿ
ַͷ޵һŮӣڿ˵ݿ󣬱˽פء
޲ʵôûѧԺѧҼǵѧԺ뵽ѧǣ½½Ҳϰ˰ɡ
ŮӿַͷһۣҡҡͷĿɲʱʱ൱Σյġ֮ûѧԺѧΪǶȥμսˡ
սս
ɫһ䣬ƺ뵽ʲô
ɽں޽дģսһǾսһɹɽؾͿǰƶǧķΧˡ󳡡ƽԭһɭ֣ͶԻ鵽Ľˡ
˵Ůϻһ˿Цݡ
磬Ļ治ʱ򡭡
޿Ц˵ַ岻˽⣬ϸĽһ顣
཮ʵֻռһңʣ¾ųȫǱռݵ򡣶ʱ䣬ǿ߱Ҳʼ˿
һһǰأʵϾһͷһƽʳأΪĿռ䡣
Ȼϣ޺ǿռݾųɵĵطҲĶࡣ޲ûһǿͳΣȺΪ
ˣ߾ͿԸƣۼһһȺȻôԴء
ɽ֮ԽɽΪ﷽ԲһǧϿտͺһͷһ㣬ɽصĴĿģΪ˶ȡƬء
ڿɽѾʼ޾սˡһսܹ棬ʵϣսҪܶߵġǴ˻ķǿߣҲп䡣
ߵλܸߣҲһδδԡѪƴɱõġ
ŮӴ˵Ǽǣѯʵ߻ѧԺߣ
ʲô𣿡
ȻܹѧԺ͸֧ȣһһٵֵ͸֧ȡѧԺڵĶʱԴۡԳԱһйѫ㣬һѫﵽһ̶ȣڲѧԺĶʱԽһŻݡбףѧԴϽɡ
ߣҲǾɣҪѧԺİšȴû͸֧ȣڲʱҲŻݣÿõԴֻϽɡ
ַͷ޻һۣȻϽɶֻһɣƺܴ󣬵ڲʱۿۣԺ󻹻Żݡ
ߣѧԺչˡ
Ǿ߰ɡ
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ѡʵϵѧԺѧų϶ѡΪߡ
Ů¶ЦݣѸٵΪ˰ߵݿ
ˣӴ˾ɽأѧԺˡһҪδǵݿɽ񣬻ɨʱսƾ֤ɱ˶ޣһһ¼ʱͻתɻֺ͹ѫֵ
Ůִַͷһŵͼǰָŵͼ˵ɽһǧĵͼֻΧڣɱ޲ŻᱻתΪֵ㡣Ļֻ޵ʬЩˡ
Ƭһͷֻͨ0.1ֵ㣬Ҳ˵ɱʮͷͨޣܻһ֡
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ַüëһʵأ
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ѵɱ߾ûл֣
ַɳʵס
Ȼл֣ɱһͷߣԻһٻ֣
ŮַֻЩøԶܴѧԺ뵽ѧ϶ѧԺٮٮߣҲǺġ
ֻҪĥһʱ䣬ͻ֪Щ޵Ŀˡ˵ߣޣҲѧԺѧǶеͷۡ
ˣڿȥǰ˰ɣ
ǰߣҿɲȥǰߣǿزԶĵطɨһ£϶Ҳ©ޣɱܻû֡
ˡ
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ַͷ޶˵ͷŮȻһ㣬ɽصҲԻصṩᣬȺúõļƻһ


35 
ַͷ޸ɽأʲô˽⣬ҲֻŮ˵һððʧʧĳȥɱ
޴Ϊ
Ҳ˽ɽڵ
ɽأ˽ɽվݿ֮˳Ľվ
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ͻûһģҲһЩͬǾǼд˻ķǿҪɱһͷߣ߶ͷߣʱǿһЩȥΧ
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ڹѫֵãҲܼ򵥣ùѧԺڲĸԴʱۿŻݡ߹ѫֵˣɽҲȨ
֮ѫֵǸö
ֻйѫֵﵽһ򣬲ʸۿŻݣŻۿǰۡ
ѫֵﵽʮôۿŻۡ
ѫֵܴﵽۿֱӽۣ
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ৣ
޵ıǿַȴһץֱӾץס޵ıӡ
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̶һڣַɱ˳ʮͷޣֻеͷ֮÷޺١
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ˣˡ磬ԭ㻹׻絶ɱ¾ҿɱȲ
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͵׼ѰʱȻ˵ڶһȵϢ


36 
ȣ˴ޣаͷϰͷ޾ӢͨޣԾǳΣա븽ߣǹѫֵһϵӪȡ
Ϣֵķǳͻأַͷ޶΢΢һ㶡
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ַһ˵ǶԷֻйѫֵһϵߣ㹻ʵǡǸᣬôҲѵãһȫɱǿǴĻֺ͹ѫֵ
ȷǸĻᡣȻǶʵ߶ԣʵߣǿɾǸ鷳óȻȥΣա
磬ǣ
ҪΪ˻֡
Ȼûʲô飬ЦַڣʲôΣ
ǣ˸Ϣڵ꣬Ѹٵĸ˹ȥ

һбϣѧԺѧ񶼱ɽϡ
磬Ϣȥˣǻָ֧СʱСʱûô죿
СʱûˣǾֻƴͻΧˡ
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ôޣһȥҲûʲôõİ취ֻܵȣϣܹ漣
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˺ˣ־ˣϣ漣ʵֺڴ󲿷ְֵҵ߶ȥǰߣ󷽾ˣʲôǿߣ
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˶ĬˣǴӿϲ˹ȻˣûйѫֵմѧԺѧʲôʵ
˶ְҵƷѧԺٮٮߣְҵƷ߼ֱȱȽǡ߶ҪӲŸҵɱޣܸʲô
԰׵¶һ˿ЦһϢллܲΣǡ̫գǾȲˣǸϽͣ°ɣõˡ
˵꣬˻һۣոյĿϲѾʧӰ١
磬ɣǵ򣬾Ѿ׼
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һ𣿾ҲҪɱһЩޡ
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ʱڷٸַͷ޵Щ졣ԷһϢǽǲҪȥ
ȵ˵Щ˼ޣӿٶȣֻܸʬˡ
ַصĻЩޣϾЩ޿ɶǴĻ֣ǹѫֵڣߵˡ
ܿ죬ԶԶı㿴ɽϣ޷ɽϳšЩ޳ˣӦǷϢˡ
ãǶû
Ȼַ˿ͷޣϰͷӢԼͨޣɲһ򵥵ݡѰְҵƷ۷壬ҲƲҳôޡ
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İɣûаҲô
ַ˿ս͵һ̤
䣡
Ƶ涼𶯣ַһųŵڵһ㣬͵ĳȺС


37 һһ
磬쿴ˡ
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ͣ
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ĳ϶ԣַһͷֲޣڴ󲿷֮ϡ
ˣˡ
ڻǡ漣
˷ս˼СʱڣŰͷ޶ɱȺҲڿʼ˳ˡ˽ٺڵϣڴڴϢš
˵Ǹ漣Ҳ֪ܹΪģ漣˭ǣ˵ĿⶼԼַͬ塣


38 ں޻
ַս۾ڵķ֮Ҳˡߣһصʬ壬ȫ޵ʬ塣
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16%
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ںϣ
ںں˻ַ峤˿
޵е
ڸо̹һǰδеǿоС


39 ո
ں޵Ļַܺĸܵڲͺڲϵķһ㣬ǰں޻˽Ȼͬĸо
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26.35
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48%
ַ˴ȵʮ㣬ǸģҲΪ޵ص㣬Ƥ񣬷ˡ
ݶһ̶ȵӣȴӵ48%ⲻַüͷϵԺںϼ޻򣬷ǳҪǰںçţͶ޻һҲֻռ16%Ļ
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һǿô࣬Ҳ˼һ롣ַڻ޷ȫӦԼ뻨һʱ䣬ӦԼ³ֵ
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飡
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ĸûܣֻԷǿΣ˶Ǿʮ֣ʮֲǾʮ֡
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ڶ죬ַһһʮŵ֡
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죬ַһʮһ֡
죬ַһʮ֡

һºַݿڵĻѾԽǧѫֵҲﵽǧ
һ֣һʱ䣬ɽضַ֪ôһſˣɽɨޣֱͬոһ㣬¾ޡ
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ֱʱַʱͣѫֵһѧԺ̳ڹԴˣˣʱűڶԼˡ
ûֱַӹűǰ㣡


40 ѧ
쿴ǲפ³ֵո𣿡
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41 
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ǣ̾ǰַᣬѰַ塣

䣡
ֱַۺȻۿɼٶʹһȦȦֱ۱ñȴȻ֣һȭ·ᶼ𶯡
ˣʵֲ̫ˣڵЩܲס治֪Щɾű㡣
ַ峤˿ھű⡣һһ𱬷ǿɾ˲ܱʮֵ
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Ҳַ˺ܴѹʣԼܹάʮΣ͵ˡҪǿбǾͻ
ĻһĿɿڴ˾˾ű㣬ǶΪĵʹá
ϱһΣ͵ʧȥսַάʮεıӲҪƴ𣬶ʮεıûġ
ǿʣҲַں޵Ļܴﵽ˾ҲԶԶܴﵽ
磬Ҫ㡣
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42 ǰ
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߰ɣȥǰߡ
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Ͼֻʱ齨Ķ飬ʵǿȻܹôҵӵҲġ
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ʱڴƻ򣬼ʵǿҲչӲʹĥ


43 ƻ
ǰߵʱƶԽԽѹˣЩײе޶ðԽգԽ˽š
˶֪ǱǰƽһսǾѪĿ顣
ʵߵƺܴɽʱսʤʮþˣ֮ԻᱬսΪЩѾ޷ˡ
ɽЩ޵أ޶ʶǷǳǿҵģһߣҲĵط޵أǾǲݡ
ˣɽѾ˲ˣǲòƴһս
֮֮սνԴֻغ档

ǰܲأʮλӳһáǶǴ˻ķǿߣӵΰЩµ
֯սʵʮλ˻ķǿΪǸסЩ޵еʣµģ򽻸ְҵȥ
ȻܲһָӣǾǵһӶӳ¡ࡣȻ¡೤һ˵ףȴ۲ǸĶˡ
¡ʵǳǿڶʮǰ˻ΪպյķǿߡɽأΪ˳ռɽ򣬽ƬĽ
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εĽߣʵʮλǿ߻˴۵ģǳڴܹƻɾͷˡ

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һʮ֣
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ڣַʶˣóʮ֣ɴ˿ɼЩǿжôĸԣ
ٸԣҲӦôŶԣҵһʮ֣ڶ͵ֻһ֡
Ҳ̫ˣǣֻһԭǾεĽĿʵֻһǾ߶һΡ
ʮ֣ѧԺڵ̳ϹԴۣұһӴԴ֡Ļ֣ҲԶһɸԴĻؼңһЩ
ַҲˣʮ֣Ųκ˶ᶯġ
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ַЦЦȴûлشǰĿɲǰǵһ

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Ƕˣǧ˵Ƴضһ㡣
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45 ս
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ַ̧ͷȥڻȫڻսˣǴͨޡ޺;Ӣ޶Ⱥ֮
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ȻԸһ糺Ӱһ˿⣺糺֮ˮԭһҵģ
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ַȻûмΣҲһЩжϡ
һԺɫеĿ϶ǹѫһ糺֮ˮԭҲֻˮԭôһԺɫĳܹڷ֮ǰշС
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ôٶȣôɾɱ¾ˮԭͬܳԾһǲ֮以Ϊˣټһ֪ðĿ¸֡


47 
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ҲҪˣ಻ΣҲˣˮԭɱ¾ٶģҲûʲô̫Σա
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ԸҲ֮ʵܶ࣬ǾӢ޻ޣֵס͵һҸͳּΪ񱩣ҲɢűŰƣ¸͵¼ûһʬ塣
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48 
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49 
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ֻǣԽʵˮԭԽᵽʤжôֱֲڣսսʤû߹һС
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ˮԭƲƲ죬͵ʵڿ״̬£һжסǾֻˡ


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ֻһͷߵĻǻΧ㲻Ҳǣƣȴͷߣεֵ
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ʱԶķǿ֮ĴսҲ뵽˸߳ˮԭЩǿߣҲûжķǿܹϹ
ˣֻܿԼʣѾΣյľ֮С
ղͷ޷·ܵư㣬ٴηĳ˹ĿȻǸ͡
ˮԭ˿ͷ߳ȥǾȫˣ룡
ˮԭĿⶢɽԼַϣ˼ȷǾҪ֮ͬ赲ͷߡ
ǰһ˵һҲʲôеˣǾսһˣս߽ȫܡͷߴȺУǼֱͻȺߣ޷ΥԼ
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ڿеˮԭɵ˾޵ͷϵĳɫâֱѪһѪɫԲ
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Բ򲻶ϵͣƺſµϢɢ˸еһ˿塣
ʮʱ䣡
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նһת
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飡
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طȻԸ͵帺أʩչ˶תϢǰθߵ˷˼ĵز
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Ҳ˶ˣҵʹþ޳׷һ˸͵ϣֱӾͱ߷ɣص˵ϣеľ޸䵽һԡ
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Сġ
ˮԭнһĶͷߣһͷ̣һޡѾϢĿˮԭϵļ̾Ȼһ㳯ˮԭǵصȥ
ˮԭķӦܿ죬ķӦٿ죬ǵصļҲ޿κΣ˲˸Ǳֱĵ˵ϡ
ಣ
ɽ죬һӰһ㣬ͷ⬰֮ǰһץס˵ϵˮԭӵ˺档
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ܿ죬ϵĳɫ汻ˣҲѪ죬ɢűŰϢȻղһ£Ҳ˺ܴĴˡ
ҲֻǴ˰ˣɱޣʵ̫̫ѣͷеκһͷһֿܹġ
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ͷƽɽҲվסսҲͬһ
չˣｻˡ
Ȼַǰһվͷߵǰ


51 ն
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Ⲣûַ߿һۣصĻһͷߣͷ߻һֻһ㡣
ǵģͷߺͷȻǲģӦͬһޣֻߣ
޶ܳΪߣܹΪߵģһĳЩĵطȳߣٳΪǱضΪԶһ
ˣһʵµġ
һ߱˵ͷˣһͷҲԶԶǶ֡ˮԭ͸ʹʱģ֪ˡ
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ÿ춼ǵص޵ײУӢۣЩӢͨߣдƻķǿߡ
һ⣬Ƕǰ޽ҵɱ
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ֻд˻ķǿ߲ſУ⼸ѾɣڣַȴҪսɣ
ݣ
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ַʮȴӵ侲

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Σе޵Σ
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52 ΣڵϦ
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Сġ
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⬰ޣϸֱ̣͵սҪŶԷĿ񱼣ڿַһļ̱͵ַ
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ʱɽЩûڣƽʱɽػΪԼǿˣЩޣ֪ԼжôС
ַһδεıתۼ䣬Ѿ˳ʮ˵ƤѾȫѣһѪˣڽֻ־֧š

ַٴҧʱڳˡžͷһ𣬸̲סһѪ
;ƿݣѾַļˣ޷ٱˮԭԼɽһѾʧȥս
ˣˣҲҪ׳ˡ
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ˮԭԼɽʱѾ˵ַֿ֪ѾֵסˡѾΣڵϦ


53 ˮԭ֮
ͨ
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ڵַ壬ѪѾ֪˼飬⿿־Ѿ޷֧ˣɽַȷѾ;ƿݣѾˡ
ս˸ŹâַؿھҵţڴڴڵĴϢһ̣Ժ뵽ã뵽˸ף뵽˴硢硣ԺһֱȴǵӰԼǷ˶Էܶ࡭
ѵҵһҪƻһҪֲһҪȥ㰡
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ˮԭ˫һȼǱܣڵڶʱڵõһĻָǵһʱ޳ȥ
һ롢롢롭
ˮԭ嵽ߣҲӲӲޱȣСһɧޡ
롢롭ʮ롣
ʮӹȥ޲ϱɧţ޷ǰһǣʮַŭ룬֯һŴǵصˮԭȥ
飡
ˮԭվ޷ӳŴݺУȻһȻֱӾסˮԭ޵Ŀȥ
꣡
գһѪڣˮԭ㱻̽˿С
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ͺɽ۾Ѫ죬ɽعѫһѧԺѧϣƻɾͷ˵糺֮ˮԭ֮ڡ
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54 һӣ
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ɽ͸ͻһۣ˶ܿԷǼᶨˮԭѾˣǾ޳ˮԭԲܺ޼ֵ
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͸ҵͣһΣ͵ñ֮ǰҪӴӽףһСˡ
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ƺλĸߣǰ棬ҲûлĶ֣Ǹ޵ĺ棬⵹ҲΪͺɽһЩѹֻҪǣס޾ˡ
ʮ롢ʮ롢ʮ롭
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ַҪһ̣սûãεĻ˫ְ
˫ȭַȻȭ

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55 
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ַԼ磬ֻǰޣɻӿӴʱΪڻҰڵçţֺһͷޡ
çţޡԼڵޣ޵ĻһַȴֻԼ
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56 
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57 
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58 
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60 ʳ
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󶥼ѧԺУħʤ֮ҲպգǼǹϵķµǿߡ
ַսħȴȫͬ壬оԵʵȥսħ޺ܳɰܣⶼעһ䶯ԵϢ
Ҳһսʤˣܳ벻ɣԺҶսԹۿһսҪˡ
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Ҳ˵Ǻܿʳߣ
κڵĻǿ϶¶𾪵ɫ
ʳߣ̫ˣǲһޣǶЩײе޵ͳơһͬȳһΪʳޣΪʳߡ
ǿɲ޻ֻ֮࣬ҪǾͳͳɣͬȳһ㣬ʳʮѲһ֣һƽ١
κڣȷ޾ʳ𣿵Ƿ֣ǲûеǻһ𲢼ս
Ҳ飬ǹ˽⣬ʳ֮ǼǴݲһﶼɣͲ޳֡
κٴƱϵ۾侲˵ֵĵطʳҪǲܹά裬˲Ż֮ݲǵԡЩȴƫƫû̫ˡ
ңϻһֵֺԣĿǰоźܿͻϢˣһϢһ֪ͨλ޾ȫޣҹԺǿкܴĿһµʳߣҽ龡ɽأ˵󷽣֧Ԯ
κ˵㲻˵ˣȻѧϵĵλܸߣɽصȨȴʮλǿС
κڵĻǶˣܿһȫµʳߣɽصѵֵ˲ˣҾֱ
ָҲû׸ԣֱӿʼҲǵһ֣ͬκڵ
𿴺ЩҲûɽأ˭֪Щʲôıһǻ۾ͼûʲôˡ
ҪʳߣǼɽǺΣյġ
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˲ܴƻǻ˭ܴƻ
ǶúÿɣҽսҵĻй
¡ɽкܸߵȨޣսҵĻ浱ȻҲܹл
ܿ죬ڻĴĻϣַ붫ʤĻ档
֮սЩǷǿߣҲܸȤһĶȤĶŴĻϵĻ档

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ַȴʮ㣬˿Ҳ֣ȫ汬ӿȵ޵

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ըַ̨⣬Ѿǿһˡ
ʤԭǿҲôԶ
ַţǿһϰٶֵַѾӽ֣ﵽַ֣Լòܡ
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ַԺͷô룬սɹˣħʤˣȡ֮ѧԺµĴ棡


62 վǿ
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޻ʮ֣ȫ̹ۿַħʤ֮սȻַģϾħѧԺĲ񻰣Ѿʮˣûܹܡ
ڣַȴĻ˴ħЦȻˡֻϧսֻһˣҸҫС
ô˵ַ壬Ժһǰ;Щ⣬Һõַѵһ٣Ȼлַߣ
ڱַѵġԹɢˣڶַѾֻæµĳ羴ˣַһλĴ棡
Ƿޣڣ˶ַ붫ʤһսĽ
ȴǻʦҺַܰһȭ˶ʤ˵ı鶼
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ȴַˣǵĳʵ̫ˡ
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Ȼְҵ߽׶ɾű㣬˼飬ǲ˼顣
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63 ԭ
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ȻҵԭǾҪİ취޷ǾǴ޵Ļַⷽȴûκξ顣
Щ˻ķǿҲûκξ飬ϾЩҲܴƻ
ͨ޴ƻԼ֪δơ


64 
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ȻõͬʱҪʧȥһЩʲôǹƽġַ޵Ļ򣬼Ϊ˷µһˣӵͬʵջĽôƻ͵ø߸Ŭ
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֪ˣҲûʲô׼ģʱԳ롣
磬Ǿ߰ɡ
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ȫҪ룬㼸ʮҷɴ͵ִ˻أ½ĽԱ


65 ҽԺ
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ʵ޵̬ƻǴƣǰߵĻس󷽵ĳУǷǳټġ
ܿ죬صСʱѾȫ˷ɴֻʣһЩоԺԼ˻ķǿߡ
оԺоԱϡЩɶǷǳģԲȻǳˣǾͱȫ룬оԺ˻רųһҷɴרΪ׼ġ
ָ¡ҲоԺκԴڻڵǰæµţƺڷһ鸴ӵݡ
κڣ뿪ˡ
¡˵κԴڿ˺ôŴѧԺģЩҲɽṩ˲ٵİ
κԴѾƣˣ۾Ѫ˿ȴ񡣿¡֮ų̾һͲһ㣬ٸ죬ʱ䣬һܹ޳о͸
¡Ц˵κڣ֪һܹоûʱˣ̳롣УôоУȴС
Ҳֻ¡ܡ붯κԴڣ˵κԴڴоԺ뿪ʱ롱κ뿪
κԴԵЩģüͷҵоѾһЩüĿȫµ޲ô򵥡ϧҲûʱʵݡðɣ뿪أصкһȫо
κԴʰʵݣоԺĳԱ˷ɴ
¡Ҳ˷ɴĿһɽأĿҲǲᡣȻǷǿߣʵǳǿܹһأҲǷ˲ٵ
һ룬ǰĳɹȫˣԺܲܶһɾͺ˵ˡȴòѵľɽʧ̫أѴ̡
ɴܿɽصĳԱѸź󷽵зȥ

ɽصĳ룬Ǻ𾪵ģѾ˵ԭ򣬲Ϊɽصס޵Ĺֻǡսԡˡ
⡰սԡ˵ô£ȻһЩרҳͣԭֻɽصĸ߲֪
ɽصʵҲ̫ǲμǰߵľսƺӮˣûʧܣӮΪʲôҪˣ
ˣʱкۣܶǹɽس˵ԭۣ˵ĶУȴûʲôҥԣΪ˸ִʩǴҥģһɱȴС
ⷽ棬ЧʿǺܸߵġ
Сʱʮҷɴ䵽Уڻص˾Υ֮Сǰ޲ɱ񾭶ܽţǳˣҲԺúõķɡ
ַͷҲӷɴһŽѧԺʱס˷ܵ˵磬ò׻ص󷽳ˣɱߺöˣҪҪȥú棿мѾС
ĻַҲûȥҡҡͷԼȥɣȻסˡ
˵ַ꣬һ뿪ˡҧҧַ֪塰̿ࡱԼȴû
⼸ǰߣ񾭶ǽģ»ᵽ˷ĳú棿
ǣһת۾뿪ʱסȥļѳȥˡ
ַȷܿ̿࣬Ϊò̿࣬ʱ䲻ˣմƻ
ң֮ǰѾӦ޵Ļˣֻʣһ޻ҪڶʱڸӦ
ֻǣһޣҲַںϵޣҪӦȴЩѡַ峢֮ǰļָӦ취ȴЩ̫ɹ
Ϊ޵˽ʵ̫ˣ˵һ֪ҲΪֻ֪źǿĻָ
ģַ֪ࡣ
һʱ䣬ַ嶼ûиӦ޵ĻҲһ˿ҲЩĸꡣ
״̬¾͸Ӧˡ
룬ַɴ뿪סУûȥɽУɽͬĺѣǹĽ飬ǡ
ܿ죬ַҽԺˣɽڵԱͽеҽԺҽԺַҲȷ˵ߡ
Щ˵߻϶ǰ߾սʱ˵ģ󲿷˵ĶǺأֻһЩˣ϶һ˿Цݡ
ַѯɽʱȴ֪ɽǰѾԺ뿪С
ɽǽ֫ôԺ
˻ָȽϺãҲǲԼǿҵԸԺȻ͸˳Ժ
ҽ֪ȥ𣿡
ǻؼȥˡ
ַֻõЩϢϸ룬ɽǸߣȻʧȥ˫ȣ϶ϤߣȻԺ
ԺҲͦãؼҲܰĹһԺַܴƻܹղţǻлȥɽļȥɽ
ַ׼ת뿪ҽԺʱȴȻһĲҽҽԺ¥һƬңƺʲô¡


66 
ʲôˣ
ַ¥һ󼱴ٵĽŲ໤ʿͲ˶ʧĴ¥ǵ飬֪˶ôµ¡
죬бСй
һҽ˵
ʲô
¥µ˲֪룬֪ʲô¡Ҳ͸ϵˣַ۹⿴ȥǸְҵ߽ߡ
ϾҽԺɲһѰĵλ൱ܵģﻹת൱ɽصԱӵܡ
ʼɢԱȻȥ¥ϡ
飡
¥Ϸ˼ҵսܿսƽϢˣѪȻһֵ
֡
ҽԺͿʼɢűڣ¥ҵġҲˡ
ֻһŰɫŷĲˣҲֲŮˣȫѪĵĴӶ¥ı鼫λĿѾɢˣֻֻǰƺץסʲô
ͣ
ͻȻ˵ԴһըѪ罦ԴоȻһ޴棬ͷһ֣̾콫˵ʬһ£Ҳ͡
ޣ
ַĿһУҲŴ죬ǲ˼֮ɫ
ޣʵ˽ⲻˣֲ֪ɱ˶ͷޣе޶ַС
޵ģַһҲǣǰʲô˵Դ޵ʽ
ʵ̫˼Ҳ̫ˡ
žžž
ʱ¥ٴ˼ͷ棬һԶԶȲϵַǰߵЩӴ󣬵ÿ̳һ˵ʬ壬ǵͻһ֡

ַɱŷЩô˵ԴģЩײеޣַɱ죬̱ޡ

УоԺʱо
оԺһֱһ˶ǳκԴڶģЩ˼ѧоҲвʿ
κԴѧϵλܴʵҲǷǳϸǰյУ˸طʱоԺȥͿʼ
ҹκԴϢʱûʮСʱҲߣҵ߶ǣޣʱ˶Ųס
κԴȴһҪʵΪϾҪˣʵһֱֲõԤУȫµޣǰ˽ʳ߶Ҫ¡
ڣˡţⲻܣûмޡ
оԺһλʿ˼ⱨ棬ɫЩס
κԴһѽӹ˼ⱨ棬泤һݣɫҲһӱò԰ֽڲš
ȷûг
ڣԲģǡ
Ѿ˵ȥˡ
ģǾһƽ٣
κԴ˿ݱζʲô
ȥָӣ˶ʵоһ˿ҵǵɡ
κԴҲ֪ҪҵЩ޵жôѡ
ܿ죬κԴ뿪ʵңٶȣҵɽصָ¡ࡣ
ʱ¡࣬ʵеԱˣϾɽڶʱڣ͵ˣеĵعԱùǺбҪġ
ָӣһݱҪ㱨ǳҪ
κԴʽϣĴ˻᳡
֪ʲô£ҲʶκԴڣһûǽĿ¡ࡣ
¡΢΢һЦκڣʲôˣ
ָӣǹȫ޵ļⱨ棬ѾЩ޵
˶٣κԴȴûм˵ȥǵĵȴ˵һС
¡ͷһ֪ܲʲôϢ˸ǣԴκԴȥһ䰲ӡ
κڣֱ˵ɣоԺʲô
κԴƽһ˵ָӣʱһֱоȫµޣǲ²пʳߣѾ֤ʵǵȷʳߣ
Ȼʳߡ
¡Ҳеͷһ
ʳߣǹȻ£ѾжԸľ顣εʳȴͬСɣϸѺܿ죬ӵž˵Ļԣǵо۲죬ǵϸĸʮңһĹܼѣΪµĸ塣
ʲô˼
ҵ˼ǣЩ޿Լ

¡ͷݺһ𣬼ôµĴǿƻõӰһֿޡ
κڣⲻǿЦȷЩм
ҿȷӵмǵķһһǱڣʱ쵽ʮңⶼҪʵ顣һȷǵļǳǿҼֶΣĿǰ޴ӵ֪
ߵʮ졭ôô죿
¡վǷǿߣܿ侲ϸ˼
ܿ죬¡Ժһ˾뷨
Ǽ޵һıôڼǰˣΪַɱǵޣѾ˼ﵽĿģ͵ǵ˻سеУ⣬̹رУɽصߣһ뿪У
¡̾뵽Ľ
ˣ
¡ҵ
ָӣҽԺ﷢Ϯ¹ʣЩޣȻӲ˵ˡ̬һѾɢҽԺѧУ̳ȫ޵ĳ֡
ϵݣ¡ɫһף÷ǿߣȻ˹ȥ
ˡ
¡ֻһͷˣˡ


67 
ҽԺˡҽʿʧ룬ǶûʲôͻȻͻûо顣
οͻȻֵ޶ǿ󣬲Ǹ߽߶ԶԸ
ԲбƺϲɣǵжٶҲܿ죬תۼһͷ޾͵һǰ
ǸСкŲŷһֻŵûɪɪ
ҪҪҵܵܡ
СкֻһʮŮŮҲܿ־壬ŵɪɪȴҧ촽ıסܵܡ
㣬¡
СƣҪ£нڡ
ŮıסСк˻ߵΧȣӴֲޣ˭Ҳǰһ
ſѪڣȻҪһڽСкŮһ£ŮֻıסܵܵԴΪ¶Ҳš
ҲҪܵܡ

ȻһͳĺҽԺţһӰ޵ĺ棬һȭ޾ͺ⵽ױȵӴ˲䱶ķѣƵѪһء
ˣŮЩ㶡һƽ͵ܵܲ
Ƕû°ɣϽﲻȫ
лл㡣
Ůû˵׳ʲôģֻǰƺһʹ͵ܵܶˡ
ಣ
ת뿪ˣ׷ɱЩµޡ
ˡһû֡
ŮţҽԺܻңȷȫֻܽǵӰӡԺУ㱧ŵܸܵϽܳҽԺ
˵Ȼַ壬ĿŲҾ緢
ʱַѾսʱЯսһȭɱһͷ޺˫͵һ̤ͬŵڵһ㣬Щ޳ȥ
䣬޸޷ֵַһһһ
飡
ַһ˶¥иޣҴ󲿷ֶһЩ˱ޣʮͷǼ˾ͳԣޱȵײС
Ӵһͷͨ޵Ѿʮˣͱ÷ǳӴ
ַҲû֧һУַһԴ
Щ޶кܿµĻָֻпԴܹɱǡ
ʵЩ޾ͺ͵ַǰЩͨ޲࣬һͷӢ޶ûУֻΪǿĻָȣټһ˾㤵ķʽ֣Բη塣
ֻҪȷķҪɱЩҲѣǿĻָϾûдﵽ޵ĳ̶ȣԴͲˡ
ҽԺ¥ޣַ뿪ҽԺȴڼֶ뵽˻ҵУѾʮͷ޳ˣϼһƬǽ塣
ôôޣ
ַüͷҲм뵽˻֮УǿΣһһնɱ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
Щ޳ֵʵ̫ˣ˵Ǽ

ʱһȥж뵽˻ҵУ߲Լɽصĸ߲ȴȫۼ˻ڡ
ָ¡һأ˵ƽĿǰЩѾȷӵмǱֻмʱ䡣нϣʵоܣֻʲôˣڣûҵǷЯ޼ӵ֮£˭뿪УΥԷ۴
¡̾ۿˣͬİ취ǹϵǵ
ָӣһֱҲİ취ǲǾ͵һֱУ
ǵģҲǾᣡ
ʲô
ӼЩһĹԱҲǿɲᡣ
УҷԣԲС
̬Ҳİ취гѵҪ᣿
ʵ̫ˣԲС
ָһ䣬ͳ˵Ѿλǿ߰˳վ·ڣǾ㲻ͬҲ޷뿪뱻۴
ڵɫѿǼصˣһˣǣͥ÷
ǾܲԸҲĳЩ·ڣ˽С
κڣ͵оԺˣһоԱָӡκ̵ʱҵμ޵ļӣЧЩޣοƼӡ
ڣκˡ
˵ָ꣬¡ԸκԴھһ
ָģƴҲһ񣡡
˵꣬κڱֱת뿪˻ҡ
ָӣǽô죿
˶¡ࡣ
Ѿе߲㱨ڣ̲ţ֪ľǣȻȥɱޡ
˵꣬¡뿪ˣĲ࣬ɱ޶⣬ֻܵȴκԴڵоԺоɹˡ


68 ػ
һƬңŰš޹ͨ˷ӴţЩ޷߱ڼܣסڸ¥УҲȥ
ο޾μģû֪;֪η˭Ҳ֪Լ᲻ᱻ
̶̼СʱټоѾ뵽˻ҵС
ͣ
ַһһͷ޵Դ󣬺Ȼ㳡ϵĴĻӳһװӡ
ǹ㳡ϵľ޷ĻеӶӵӰеһ۾˳ег
гһ࣬ص˵е񣬼зصϮ¼̬ڲϵȫ̽ϣʵоܣκ˲뿪УΥԷ۴
ǲҪţڼѾ֧Ԯܿͻ֧ԮǵоԱҲץʱо޵ļʽԼ;źܹܿƽϢϮ¼
ߣǿɱޣԼԼˣгԱҲУսһ̣
гӰʧֵϵȺǴӳĬһӳױ˳Уܣһ뿪С
˭֪ζʲôζֻУһбЩռ죬Ҳֻܺᡣ
һʱ䣬ֿ˷еѾȻ׻ɢ
ַҲȻ֪г֪ͨҲ֪ζʲôͨ˲ͬǣҲվĽǶȥ롣
Щܹ;һе뿪Ǿͬ߻ȾһΪطΣա
п϶Ҫϣ֮ǰ뿪ˣҲ
ЩЩԱ߷ǿӦÿǵ⣬ַģǾɱɱһޣ
Ȼ׻ˣĽ룬о졢ԼߣʼΧɱЩޣˣҲѪȵɱ¾нƽ
Űɵ˶⣬˻ڵ֪ܿ˶ʼ
ҲѸٵ
ҪǣҪ˺ҵŮ
һĻ𱬣ְҵŮˣధżӡ
ٺ٣ҪŮҲУ棬ǶˣȻŮ
ЩǼ¶һ˿ЦݣŮһ
ҸǮǲҪ˺ҡ
Ǯʲôã֪жҪˣ˵ͻΪһǡǰȻҪܣ
ǵúúܣŮƯ˵Ǽܲõ飬ġ
ЩһĿŮˣŮֻӣסԼ·ĩкһӾͱĩһ
ûûйеֻбɱ¾١ǿ飬ÿһ̶ֱ緢
ͣ
ȻԭЦŵͷӣЦһӽסˣţԴ΢΢һƫȻһӵȪˮһѪӿ

Ů̾ͼ˵ͬҲ͵תǵ֪ʲôʱһֳսˡ
䡭ߡ
ġǣһʱͿġ
Щ˫ȶʼȻһϦͱˣһЩͦ׷ɱޣ
Ƕ
䣬Ӷһɱ
ɱ˵ַ壬һ·׷ɱޣ޵٣Ϊķȴӣ洦ɼ
ھ֮£˶񣬶Щûеߵˣַ岻˿Դһնɱ
Ҳ֪ͨ졢Ӷڽ룬зΪģһɱ⡣
ллǡ
Ů˼æסԼŮַŸл
ȥɣڼﲻҪ
ַ˵תֿʼ׷ɱޡ
һʱ䣬ַ弸ûϢǼޣɱ˷Ҳɱ
ַɱ˺ܶˣͬʱҲ˺ܶˣѾ˼ֵǼֵʱǰȫˡ
ַ֪ɱٶˣʵҲ𲻵áֻиеϣеŻָ
ϣַҲ֪оԱҲ޼;ԼҲпܱ
ǰߣַҲЩãȻżҲЩޡڣ˼һĳǰߵ塣
ػػźĺƽػźల
ˣ
Ȼַҵ洫һϤ磬Ⱦǰɣҿ쿹סˡ


69 
ޣôˣ˵㡣
ַһ֪ǷޡԴӳк󣬷޾ֵҰһһ춼Ӱ֪ȥˡ
û뵽ȴ⡣
磬һҪȾҡԭھưɺѺȾƣȻ޳֣ҷɱ˼ͷ־ư⵽ޡѾΧסˣЩܶ࣬ƺ޳֡Ҳҿмǻسߣưɵ˶Σˡ
ַҲˣ޵Ĵȷ᧿ΣԷ޵ʵȫͻΧ˵кܶࡣ
ǵĵַ
ְݾưɡ
ַرٶ򶫴ֿ񱼶ȥ

ưڣǼζжɢžƾˮԼѪȵĻζǳš
ű¶ŮʱڽɪɪĿžư⡣
Լߣſڣޣһͻ˴ųưɣưＸ˿ɾˡ
ܷ޵ʵǿܲס࣬Զˣ޵ֱҲһˣܼס
ޣʶַѧ
٣İɣһֻҪټһС
ޱ̵ģȴЩķңҲһ̡Уʼַ嵱ڻɨЩʱ龰
ޣû£ôѾŧˡ
Ȼ޵ֱϵС˿ڣȴаɫ͵СЩġ
˵˿ڣⲻˣϴھսʱܵˣûʲô¡
ҡҡͷͲ⡣
ԽԽ࣬Ҳơò׻ص˷ĳУͼ׼һɷɡ
Ͼǰߣÿһ񾭶ڻص˳УȻҪúõķɡ
һ˾ưɣ˼Ůˣ׼Ҹӣ˭뵽ưͻȻ˱ޡ
ȻһƬң޳֡ưһӱĩգҲֻ֣ܳҲֻǿסˡ
Լסˣͳ岻ưɡ
ܼʱϵжޣǶһƽĳȥ
Ҳοߡ
䣡
ưɵĵ涼𶯣ưɴŸ⵽޵ҽ
ɫһ䣬סһҪסǳ
ȻΪһ˽ˣΪߣôײеʱȻҪͦͨˡ
ߣػ࣬⼸˴СͽܵĽΣҲͦ
ȻһͷӴһӼ˽ſѪڣһҧһߵԴϡ
ʱ˶޸˽ȥǿְҵƷߣһס
ޣ
ͷӴޣһ۾Ϳ˳ޡһ޿ְҵƷߣޣһޡ
ְҵƷ۷ߣһսʤе
𿴵ַ塢ˮԭ˶Ը޺񿳹вˣʵ϶ЩְͨҵƷ˵һͷޣǾĪΣա
ͷ޷ǳ׺һ̿һԼͨ˺Ӵ
ƺͨͨ˺ߵӶѸٵʵڴսսϣȴûɹκʬ壬ǰֽȻͬı֣ɵӶ֪⡣
ܾܿ޹Ϊ֮ΪʲôҪ޾Ͳˣ޵ĳЩıڣеĻҡ
ҲְҵƷ۷ߣһѧԺšַôʱ䣬Ҳ˲ٵĻ֣ҲתΪʵ
٣ϰĸѧǰǿˡ
ݣ
һնȥһĨݺն޵ĸ̾ͳһ޴Ѫۡ
޷ŭĴһ
飡
Լս޵Ĵ룬ѡʱٴɱޡ޻ָȴ÷޶е𾪡
ԭܴһ˺ۣ޾Ȼڶ̶ʮӾͻϻָˣͺûһ
Щͨ޾ҲһĻָȴûôֲ
ֻܿԴ˺ܳɱ
ɫȻ֪޵ҪǾԴ
⿴ͷӴͣҪȥԷԴ̸ףʮˡ

ô죿
ҲЩżˣͷ޳֣Ǹ͵סưɴҲƻһųƻ޾һӿ롣ʱưɵ˾Ͷˡ
磬ﰡٲĻֻܸʬˣʬ嶼ûС
Ҳֻٴַ壬ˡԡ


70 
ÿ˶Ҳһ޵Ĵݺһ飬˶Ҫɢһֱӳɣصĵ˵ϡ
뵱ѧԺǺεȵ磿붼˴ӵţֱһ
ֱַ壬ݺݻܣĶ׻顣ַ嵽Σյǰߡ
ǰߣȴо˶̥һûоǰߵɱԶߵ塣
ǰ֮ǰ˶ûɱﾭôҵɱߵĺ壬һֱѧԺһ϶޷ƻֻȻ뿪ѧԺ
ڼн⣬Ȼͨˣ˴
һжһˣҪΪߣƻԭĺ͹Ϊһǿߡ
ܸмַ壬˿̣Ҫˣ˺ƬɣΪߵ
ֲѾ˴ţ߶޹ϷɣѪưɡ
ûƻ˰ǰߣҲڡ
֮ʣǷ¶һ˿Цݡ
ݣ
Ȼ谵ľưڣһ磬޷ֱӡ
֣ſڵޣȻ׷״мѿȻڵϣͷҲһԴһг롣
Դг룬޿ɻˣϾÿͷ޶ˡ
Ⲣûнֻǵ⣬һӰһս䣬ûκһͷܹסһС
޵ʬѾѻɽˣư˶Ŀɿڴͬʱһֽٺĸо
Ƿǿ𣿡
֪Ҳλǿ߰ɣȻôô׾ɱôޡ
ư˶𾪣һĻǴûԭпֲǿҲ˴һ棬ȫһߵɱ
ֻڵϵķޣȴ̲סЦǷ磬Ƿˡ
ûһ޾ͱɨһգַսæ˷޵ǰһ۷޵ƣȴ˿
ãļʱˡ
޿ַһѧԺǰߵģѧԺЩѺãַ塰вȡŷǰߵġ
ǰôʱ䣬ʵҲַ꣬ȻӷΣնܣԲʱϵ˾ưɡ
ҺãĻ
磬־һǰߣѾǲ㵽׾ҶٴΣҡ
Ҫ˵ȻˣҲҪʱϴȥҽԺ
磬ưô죿
ַ忴һ۾ưˣȻ˵޶ˣܲȫǻǸϿ뿪صУסҪ뿪ҡ
õģлл㡣
ллˣ֪ôƺһ𡣡
ǳл
ư˶Ҵҵ뿪ˣе˻ַ֪֣һһܾȹʤҪЩ˵ı
ַҲһѱ˵ķޣ׼ȥҽԺ
һߣһ磬֪Щô𣿡
Ҳ̫Щ޺Ǵ˵ģҲµûӦǼɡ
Ҳ˵ͷǰ϶Ǽû뵽ЩޣȻӵмӦöǰ߾սʱЩ޿ʼġ
˶٣Щɵ˵磬˵һ᲻ᱻ
ַ΢΢һ㶣ʵ޵ļ;;ҲֻҪμӹսˣʵпܱ
ַ塢Ȼ⡣
ģôᱻ
ַҡҡͷܳأҲ˵
ҲЦ˵ɲһô˶ˣְҵƷ۷߱Ҳ⡣浽Ǹʱ򣬷磬ϣ㲻Ҫ飬һҪɱˣҿɲɴһô󡭡
˵˵ţַоЩԾˣ޵ɫԽԽףҲԽԽС۾ƺͨ졣
ޣ
ַҡҡޣַ޵ڻɢ޸ղܵҲô
ޣѡ
ַоԽԽԾëȻĸоƺһ˿
飡
ף޵Դһ±İ׵Ⱦַһ
̱ǵѪζַıУӷ޵͵Ĵܳһͷޣһ־׺ݵĳַһҧȥ

ַһȭոյޣֱӱһȭ˸ϡã͵඼һء
ޡ
ַлŷ޵ʬ壬ѾûԴϸûϢ
Ҳˣǰսһ̣޾ͱˣֻǵڲŷˡ
ַͷ޵Ľ̸϶ĿŷǰȴΪĸоͺ񵱳ֻĿˮԭ͸ǰһô
֨֨֨֨
ȻַԺгһֵܹڵĳʶ궯
ͬʱԭڽֵŰЩޣҲͬʱֹͣ˷ɱ¾Ŷʲô
һ̣ж
ַոջڷȥıʹ֮УڣѾ֮ɫ
ղֵȻȫܡƺĳٻޡ
ˣ⣬ˡ
ַ˿޵ʬ·һȻ̳ųȥ


71 ʮСʱ
ָӣʮ⣬ִޣҡ
ʲôֱ˵
¡һȭǰʮͷޡЩͨޣȫޣ¡˵ҲǿɱûʲôѶȡ
֮дңΪЩ޷ֲ̫㣬̫࣬һʱ޷ϣɽصʵֻҪʱ㣬Щޡ
ЩзִԹʮͷϡ
ܣ
ָ¡ɫ͵һ䣬ʮͷôܣھսǰʱҲŽֻʮͷɽصķǿ߻Ҫһͷ
룬һжıĻǵսʱԷֻɽصķǿһͷɺϻǹģ
¡ԽԽԾǲıҪвˡ֮ǰȻ޼ʹдҡ
δң¡໹ܹƾƵģǵʧضѡڣŴ޴ʱ򲻽УʮλǿߣҲΣա
㱨δ֪޴Ϯʱʮͷϵ֧Ԯʮλӳϡ
˵գ¡תȥ
ʵĺô֧Ԯ֧Ԯֱأ
ˣܹľֻɽԼе

εεεΣ
һĴæµľˡ
Ϊ׵һߣɫϣ˿ȴĶĻ
ǻװȫо
ѾˣÿһӵжȨȨȴͳһ쵼
˵װһоλԪ˧ͳ죬ֽλʥߣִȫ
û㣬ʵ޵£ôѸôĽ
λʥԪ˧ͬʱÿװȫȨָߺ;һ֮ٶ޷֡
ʱװѾͷöͻȻļΣʵֻз
ȫضзԭѾҵˣһ⣬Щطджˡ
Ѿȫصеˣȫ룬⾿𵽶ûö֪֪ⲻܶס
Ͼһ¼ĵطпܻ˱޷ȵǱһ϶м¼ı
ֻϣоܹоαϳߣ˲ܹƽϢ¼
УȻҲעϾڡ
ɽָ¡࣬ԼгַϢ֧ԮִޣгʮͷѾ᧿Σ
ʮͷ
ڵѪȻ֪˿еĴ֪¡жôѡҲΪѡ
ĿǰޱжΪɼʳߣһȫµޣģΣʽΣ;εȵȣȫ֪
ôȥԮ
ɴǿ߹ȥһҲأֻʹø⡣
ҲΪʲô´Լֵԭûɳһһ䣬ǵӰ졣
Ȼеں̣ܲȴǱҪȡᣡ
ڣЩʻĲǲ֧ԮжᱻЩ޹룬ʱܼͷޣ
ֱǰǳ֮Σˡ
֪ͨУǻǲɴս´ʣ֧ԮǣʮСʱʮСʱһоԮ
ĿھôС
ʮСʱ
˶ܲ⣬ʮСʱʲôӻߣ
ǣʮСʱ󣬾ʹʥ֮һ޵ȭʥԪ˧ԸϵоԮ
ʲô޵ȭʥˣ
˶ˣǿǾŴʥ֮һװλԪ˧֮һֻ޵ȭʥԼλʥߣ
ϾҲмµĴڣⶼҪλʥȥ򣬲Щֲ޲ҳ֣ŵôɣ
ԣ޵ȭʥԪ˧¡뾢һа취ʮСʱ
ʵûϵ޵ȭʥ޵ȭʥ޵ȭʥ˽⡣޵ȭʥôĿУһ֡
ǰǣеüʮСʱϾ޵ȭʥٶٿ죬Ҳ˲͵ִУҲҪʮСʱ
ﶼģʮСʱĻ̵̻ټڶ
ܼʮСʱ


72 ս
г⣬ԣ¡Ϊףʮλǿ߶Ѿˡȴ½½ֻǧˡ
ɽأһǧңھȻֻʣǧˣ֮ǰ뿪УʣµҪôûнӵҪôӵ󲻵⡣
һֿܣǾЩԶҲӲˣǱˣ޲ɱʱˡ
¡࿴һߣȺУַ壬Ǹ˹ֲȴѧԺǿţȴվȺС
¡˿ʮλǿ˵ʮͷ޴ڡһսǵʤһɶûС
ָӣǴƻǰô꣬¹ҲһΣֻҪڣ;޳У
ԴҴƻҵļˡѶ˸ѾûʲôźˣսһӢۣҵļ˻Ϊҽ
ǲһ
ʮλǿ߶һǶ֪һսζʲôܿЩǿ߶
˵Σ߾Ϊ˱࣬ػƽѾõܸҲһΪӢۣˡܵչˣѾûк֮ˡ
ʮλǿߣǧҲһ˼ҲһһΪӢۣ˻ܵչˡ
ǰսӢǼΪģҸҲǳĶ࣬ԲӢѪ¡٣߾͸ƴĽѸţԽԽ߳֡
¡⣬ûдƻʱǰսҲ
ЩսߣеԺ
ܺãûԼΪӦеΣҲᱻеҲᱻװͳ˧֮һŴʥе޵ȭʥʮСʱϵС
ֻҪǼʮСʱֵ޵ȭʥ˵ǰǾ͵þˣھ͵þˣ
¡ĻƺƵĴܣ߶Ϣ¡Ҳеڣгù㲥ӵȵȷʽ֪ͨеˡ
ھбҪϣˣϢǳʱ
õϢڣ˳޽£һߡоԼһ߼ɱЩޣǰȫġ
Σյľǳ⣬ʮͷԼ޴һֲʮСʱ˶ԣǾǻ𣬾ĩգ
¡¡
ߴѾܹе𶯣ԶԶȥһ·̳޴ڻˣҺƺƵгǧͷ
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ַҲȺУֳսĿЩޡ
ȫޣȻû˵ǰ߾սʱޡ޵ȵȣǧޣȫޡ
ôޣȫޣ˶֪һս׶༪ˣǷ˲εսϣ޴Զǿڳߡ
ôޣεֵʮСʱ
¡࿴һĻЦǰôޣҲʲôսˣΪûá
Ҳãڿʹɱһˡ
¡Դӳָӣ³սʱѾԽԽˡһΣͲҪָӡ
ɱ
¡һһһ㡣
ɱ
Ҳ֪սûκνңֵסҲЩ޳С
䣡
Ƕˣ˹ʮλǿߣǳߵǰ档
¡һģƽԲʮ֮ڵĿգһѹ֮£ʮͷһӶ뱬׳һ⡣
ǿҲǸͨÿһλ˻ķǿߣһֻ߼ǵǰͨ޻ޣޣûκ
һȥȫĳѪ
Щ޵Ҳһʮͷ
ٷǿҲǵһοôʮͷͶӴʮСɽһ㣬޵зǳۡ
Էǿ߶ͨ޵ɱʮͷֻĮĿţûеһʱ֣ƺǵУͨ޸Ͳʲô
Щǻ۶˲࣬ǲͨ޵ʵϸ룬ǿԲϵļֻҪ㹻ļ壬Ҫ޶С
ЩͨޣȷֻڻҰˡ
ʹ죬ʹ졣
һǿߣֳִ󸫣һȥʮͷޱиء
һǿߣһ㣬Сһ㣬һȦһȦ̳֮һѪ·
ʮͷһֱĮĿһУڣһͷ͵з˼ġ֨֨
޶·һ㣬֨֨ĽڻӦš
̾ͷˣʮͷҲһӶĿֱָʮǿߣ


73 ȫֱ
е̨Ϊĵ̨רҵת豸ǳȫң̨רһ֧ӡ
пǰߣˣ̨ҲһЩ޵ļ¼ƬûлӵıߺӰʦҲ뵽ǰߡ
ڣ޳֣ж뵽Σʱ򣬵̨һ˵ľ
¼Ƭ
гսΪ⣬һ¼Ƭ־ͽʮСʱ
ңⲿ¼ƬĲֱķʽԡֱ¼ƬַʽĹʵչе
ⲻͷǲأΪ̨ΪýҵĲء
̨˶ΣڵϦǰ֧ŲסʮСʱ޳Уоͽһ˼
ģǽʵĳָȫˡ
̨߲Ѿֱķʽⲿļ¼ƬѯʱȴټĳĬ
ȥ¼ƬǶôΣգлӵıҲпܱ˺Ƭ
ȴһ벻վ˳е̨һޱվ˳ԸȥôһΣյļ¼Ƭ
ޱֻжʮ꣬ȴѾеĵһǰ;ƽȴ¼
ޱվ˶ﰵĸ̾
ʱޱԼӰʦվڳ⣬ʮλӵĳԱȫְҵƷϵߡ
̨ⷽ滹˴ǲĶ鱣ޱ
ǣǽ쿴һļ¼Ƭеֱ̨ޱ
ޱְҵװܾɹ΢Цⲿȫļ¼ƬֱҲһֽĿˣƾ
ͷһת˴ޣЩײеһڻУǱ˺Ƭ߸ɴͱ޸ɡ
ѪȣͬʱҲʵ
ޱ֪ⳡȫֱ¼ƬѾеӵʣȫ򼸺˳ϵĵӣڹۿ¼Ƭ
ֱͬе̨źŵֱ˶ڹעⲿļ¼Ƭ˶ٵĴ
ȫ򱬷ġޡӰܴ󣬵˶ûеһϣ޴ôһ¡
ڣͨⲿļ¼Ƭֱ˽⵽˼޵ĿҲ˽⵽о¡
ڵһսҵս
ܶ˴СڰȫƽĻУ񲻵սжôĲпᡣǲ֪кƽǰߵ޲ɱġ
Щצһޱֲף˶ĬˣЩСǱſޣſޣҲúǹۿ¼Ƭ
ʵһΣ֪֮ף޾ĵˣһ
޹ضԴֻغ棡
ޱǸ߱Ե˺ͼߣӰʦСҲĬѾĿǰˣޱɲ⡣
룬ǵü뵽սУֻܵõһֵϣĳսʵ
ޱ㣬ˣĻͻޣΣա
СȰ˵ţͱޱ󣬵ޱǿƣ̨˶ƺޱΪޱ㡣
ڣޱǿƵһҲչֵ쾡¡
һҪ룬ǵߣԡѪսǲʲô
ޱһҪ룬СҲֻܸ档
¼ƬӽǺҪͬʱ¼ƬҲСǡСǡɻ¼Ƭĵ÷ǳɣҲӵʵ
ԣޱսеġǡ
ǡһҪдԣúܶ˹սϲңʱ˼ͷޡ
лӵıޱС嶼ȻֻޱҲմȾһŵѪ
ף
ޱǱͬʱҲȺһͬѰߡ
ߺᣬֻжʮңӶЩۡߵȴƽƽЩ¡
ߵߣѾͷޣЩһ⣬ȫ֧⣬߸ɴԴпǳֲ
ޱ˷ĵĿֲ˷ܡ
С壬ͷ׼ԣߣһҪ
ޱһеĳ߳ȥ

ֳַսվԭأ֪оͷѾ׼֪и󵨵ļġǡһļ¼Ƭ
ѾһͷһͷޣȴûκεĸˡЩֻڻңɱ֮
ɱٶͨޣҲ޷Ťתս֡
սߵӰԽԽˣӴ޸ûˡһֱǰɱȥٶȲ죬赲ȴ׷׵£ӲɱһѪ·
Ȼַͣ˲ԶһͷޣԼһȺޡ
䣡
ַ˫һ̤ƺ𶯣һųŵڵԾȥ


74 ͷµ
ַһųŵڵһԾȥȴ֪һĻͨӰͷȫ˵ǰ
ôᣬ»Ǹѧɣ
ǰ˵кܶ߶ѧԺѧˣ²ŶʮɣôᣬȴҪͿֲɱ
ҪǧҪ
ޱжϵַ壬ЩۣҲǿ׳Щ
ôһͨˣȴ˴󲿷˵Ĺ
ǿַ壬ͺ񿴵ԼĶӡֵܡѧھһôߣܶûн飬ô޷˵ĳЩײеޡ
˶ַӰסˣĶǰţַǧҪ¡
ŵȴԶкָĸ
ô¼ּô֪ܲ
ָĸҲȻֱǿӻǵϤӰʱϵıҲ΢΢һ

ôܣȥѧԺôȥ򣬶һ뵽У
̴绰ѧԺһʧǵĻص˿
ȥ򣬺Ϳ
ˣҲûа취ֻĬĬַ岻Ҫ¡

кѧ硣
ĳԱĶǿ޷Ļ
ĻϳǵӰʱһ۾ĶĻ·𲻸Ƶġ
ߵͬѧҲƺʲôʧ磬ǲĸַôУ
ôַֻ֪֪ȥѧԺˣôͻȻУ
ϴǾַ塣
磬һҪ°
ԴǼºͺܼǿ˿̣ĬĬ۾ȴ̲סˮôΣյĵطޣַܻ

ѧԺΪȫѧԺ֮һѧԺѧѧԺϢǺܹעġ
ʱ༫ѧԺѧѧԺĶǿ޴Ļֱеһ¼Ƭ
ѧԺѧͨ˲ͬѾ˽¼ʼĩԼһЩҡĻ
ǣ˸̾ѧԺοҪܵشˣɽѧԺߣ񶼱С
ǰѧԺյĶһЩӣҲȷжţ統ѧԺĴħʤǺѹһʱŰ
ιѧԺȻܵش
һתͷгһʱ˶΢΢һ
Ƿ˰ɡ
ĿһȺޣţôͣޣ
ֹޣһȺޡӦѧԺŰɣֻϧʹޣ˴˻ķǿ߶⣬ٶҲȥ޻ء
ô͵򣬿ϧ
ѧԺȻ۹ģЩԺܲһ㣬޺ޡ
˷ǿߣ˭ܻޣ
ĿһͬᣬǵͻҪСߣҪ֮ˣҲݡ
˵Ķ֪ߵΡ
ڼѧԺһȺУΪʮŮ֮һȻ¡˿̣ɫȴЩף΢΢Ĳš
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ߵͬŵʵԴӺʶ󣬻ûмӡ
ȴûлش𣬶ǽ֣۾ĶĻϵǵӰ
ѾѧԺµʱˣôַ壿
ַ壬ôȥѧԺһ򡭡
ҧ촽ҧһӡͷŲַ塣ʱȻַΣգﻹ򶨣
ߵͬƺҲһ˿ߣк𾪣ѵΪĻϵǸߣҪ֪ԴѧԺ󣬾ʾãȴûж˭ʾ׽
ѵһֱиˣ
ʶ
ʶԶҲˡ
ַ޷˵ĳȺУȦΪ֮һ졣һ̵ɽŮ񡱵ģ

ַԾޱԼӰʦľͷ
ޱ˴棬ʲôڣֱַӳǰȺҲܲƽ
ɱְҵأžͷ˵λߣҲ֪֣֪¼óᣬҪԵ޵еߣޣ
μסӰޣûκְҵֵܹλȴűģȥ
ھͷУַеսѾ߸ߵľޣû˾û漣λߣעԼı׳֮٣ǣȫڵ顣
ߵľľ


75 
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һҡҷɫâѪȵսϣҲ˸оһַǳµС
һ
ޱŴ죬˵Щʲô˿ȴʲôҲ˵ֻܴĿǵ⣬ǵ֮С
ޱ֪ζʲôһⶼܹоС
һЩȴ֪ζʲôԲ뻯һЩ˻ķǿߣҲһܶѧ衣
뻯
ӵĳЩ߸̾̾Ϣȴ͸¶һ˿ϧ
ʹ뻯һΣַԵĿǺųְҵ׶޵еް
ն
ͻȻдһ۶Įַһն£ǿһһ˼һ
޿һ
ûκԥַ屬ֲѸٵڱ
ƺҲַܵĵ棬ͺһʮִĴݺַ
ХķЯǿһַϣǿҲһܹס
һַ̣ȴη塣۾Ժֳ︡ˮԭ͡ɽ޵Ӱ
ַ岢սĺѡ
ڹַΪػڣ˽ַǵΪѱ
ݣ
ַĵƺһ֣۶ֻܿһ貵İ׹⡣
ݣ
һϣ
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޷ŭĺࡰ֪ôģַܹܹͷ޵ĺУƺԴԱܡ
ܹЩ޲Ҫ֣ҪԼ
ַɺ侲ʱûʲôܹ赲
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ޱбһŹâܼʱԺֻ֡Ӣۡ
Ӣۣǣһ־ľ֮£ҪʲôʣӢۣ
ңûдƻҲǷǿߣֻһͨߣһͨȴھбһնɱ׺ޡ
ַ岻Ӣۣ˭Ӣۣ
һ˶סӰסһסһλߡ
죬죬ϽһҪ
ޱ˷ܣʶ̫Ĵ棬֮£С漣Ҳ˷ܺͼ
ַûͣ£ֻɱһͷްˣгǧΧǣһһ绢Ⱥһ㣬ȺС
Щ޿ɶްַһһǵֱһսѪ⣬޵ıҽ
ַ˿̾սߵһǰδе
дֲдǱ
Ҳ֪жߣַһһȺУȴûκһͷַܶв
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76 㿴
޵飬ʵ̫̫ˣƺޡߵȴԽԽ٣֮ǰܹɱʱһţսĵطȴԽԽ١
᧿Σ
ЩǿҲ뵽ΣУսһ浹ʵ̫̫ˡ
ͷµַȴһָоĻǰ˶ǵӰ䣬һͷһͷĵ¡
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Ժƺֳôһʣ޵Уַڵı־޵еģǾӢҲãֻҲãַ֮ضʬѻɽ
Σסַ
ޱ˷ܣֱζ벻Ϻáزġû뵽һ۾͡СַλӢۣһ͡
ַ翳в˰¾ЩֲʱޱΪַǷǿأ㲻ߣʶҲַ֪Իûдƻ
ַһֱ룬޶࣬ǿɱȥޱһֱַ壬֪УʵѾ뵽޵ذΧ֮С
ޱ㣬鷳ˡ
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80 Ϊ
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һƬڰַȴۼޣ޸ԵͺвʣҲƺ˷ܡ
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ˣȴûһ֪ߵ֡
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ַüͷЩ޳ˣȴӮˣ෴Щʼնһ
ΪЩ޲û뿪̫ԶֻھĵطͣƺǻģҲŶԲߡ
ϸ룬ʵҲܺ⡣ȻЩޣַֻǴǣһͷûа취նɱЩθģ
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ˣǲľôߵġֻʱˣһŶԸַİ취
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ҪԸЩӵвԵַҲͷۣοҪʮͷǾ͸鷳ˡ
ַ壬û뵽ʱƻȻдֲͬдԵ
ʱѾ΢ָһЩָ¡࣬ʣµǿַǰЩǿ߸ǱͬʱҲܸˡ
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˭ҲûַʵΪʲôôǿûַ˼츳ʱڸ˵˽Ƕڷǿ˵˽׽ˣ˭ܸߡ
ַҡҡͷֻʱЩ޶ѣǻģȴû취ɱʮͷ
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88 ôһֻƣ
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ЩţڿȾ˵󣬾㲻ţʥҲľη
ַ壬ͨͷһĻȫˣĵĸе𺳡
ʥ֮ȫ缸˲֪Ȼﵽȫ磬ȴ١
˵ʶЩʥߵġˣڿһգȫӳճһƬ죬ž̾ʥ֮ܣֱ˼顣
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ֻʮľӣȴѧԺĿߣŴʥ֮һѾİˡ
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ٵǰ¼ϾΪֹ֪Щ޵ļʽԼ;Щˣ˵Щ˾ͱˣȵʱ̾ͻޡ
޷֧ԮЩִ־漸Ǳ֮ˡ
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ǣһʥۣ֪ǲֻ֪һЩ;˵۵ݱڷʥߵжǿ
Сޡ˵ߵȵȣͱͨԺˣģֻȤ¸Ȥ
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Уַ޵ȭʥԼٶȳоԺȥ
һ·ϣַ˺ܾãʣˣڻѯʵʱ
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90 ָ
ȷһѵõĻᣬַ嵱Ȼֻ֯ԣһ˼·޵ȭʥʵԺƻ츳壬ƺô޷ﵽĵزɡ
ַѾܡίˣеȷɻ󣬾㲻ϵĶ壬ϵھܴﵽ޵ȭʥĵز
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оӦǺǿҵͺһ⣬ԲϵھǱٴǱҲĵز
ȷַĸоƻȻǿƺ޵ȭʥȫܻΪһ̸
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һδƻһεõԾǨǳ֮Ϊɷ˼ɱ䣬뷲˱òͬ
ڶδƻõ˵ڶԾǨǸʱıѾһ˲ͬˣָƹʱ˵е飬Ҳ֮Ϊ񾳡ڿƼը֮ǰ񻰴˵ʵһЩߣλӶµһЩ˵ʵڣʵֻǴλ߰ˡ
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Ժôǳ֮
Щֻ֪ʶһѡѧԺȻܵõϵָˣϰűĻǾͼѧԺɣֻѧԺķǿߣʸűϵݡ
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˵꣬޵ȭʥˣʥߣܹشַ⼸Ѿܿɹַˡ
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ҪܵǳΪɷѡĻᡣ֮ǰʲôһ˻ôȫе㶼ѡЩɢˡԼѧԺһ
Уѡ񡣶ϣԹһλµɷߡ򵥵˵ڿģǸ£Ķ󡣡
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95 
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96 
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ǰɽȫΨһϣɽҲûüʧ츳һ䣬߽߾ȥǰߡ
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ɽԷѳΪѧԺѧʵҲһȻȥɽأӴһʰ
ֱϴξսַȣȻסˣȴʧȥ˫ȣòصϼҡ
ˣҲɽһ˳ţɽƴʱ֪жٴΣ֮Уǿżͥų˹
֡裬ǳأҵŮѡ
أҰ裬϶Сá
ɽ֮ǰȻҲĸϵһ˲⡣
ҲԵúòҺܹɣһ˵Ҳڡ
ڸĸЩĸԣͱø̬϶Ȼŵ壬ȴԵЩ񣬶Щ
СãͬΪŮ˵ԭҲû̫󣬺ͳĵ
һ˳Թ󣬳شСȥ԰ˣֻʣɽ͸ĸԼ϶ˮ
֡裬ҵ˫ѾˣԺ޷ΪˣγԺЩ飬Լһ乫˾ҷǮж٣Ⱥϼһ£ܹʲôģ
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һˣ˾׬ǮһҲǡ
˾뷨󣬸ĸɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ЩȻ


98 ĺ
ڸĸɫЩȻɽƺҲʲôüͷʵ֡裬ʲô𣿡
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ڸĳ˵ɽĸЩԾ
֡裬йܵʽڻʣ¶ˣ
ûûжˣͼ򡭡
ڸĸ֧֧˵˳ɽȴɫ䡣
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ɽܷŭЩ˽İĸҪʲô͸ʲôһ˵ĸȫṩġ
ǰƴȴԹ޻ڡ
Թ޻ڲɵԲЩǮҪ֪ЩǮﻹһǰ߾սĸƴǮ
ڸĸ֧֧ᣬЩ֪롣󣬻ڸС˵ɽӣĸǵǮȷܶ࣬ǲƣȥɣȫˡ
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ʱһ϶ˮվ˵֡裬ҲҪˣƭ˴磬ôЩǮҲǴ׬ģûˣҲøʵ顣
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ɽɫ࣬Ѫ죬ĶŸĸǿĻ
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϶ˮȴ⣬ƲƲ˵磬ΪЩ»ֽţǮתƵ˻Ȼ󾭹εĽףѾϴˡô飬ЩǮͨʽ׬ġ
ʵ磬ǺģҪһֱǰ߶ðԴԴϵ׬ǮҲԾľТ裬ȫ𣿡
϶ҶģǲʧˣҲ׬ǮĻ
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ķϣҸ뿪Ҫ׷еǮŵĻԡ
ˮ˺ܲҲ˿µĳš
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ڸ̾һǶԲɽӰ϶õõ㶼õˣǧҪΪ簡
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϶һƿƣҡŲƱһڣô⡣


99 
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˻صԺɽȻڣСأôô£
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ƺͲɽӴĲƸУɽҪġ
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İɣ϶ûһͣһȥ顢ߣҵģǾһҵģοҲҹӡ
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ڶ죬ɽʼУ˽̽飬ֵȷ϶˵ˮԸָķʽƭڸĸȥи֡ͶʡȻǮʹˮƯԸӵʽתɽС
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ˮ˵ڸĸĸԸóЩǮȥСͶʡʵȴˮȦס
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ȻˮĸƵϣһƣǾǳڸĸߣɽΪ˸ṩõ궼һμҡ
͸ˮᣬڸĸǰ֣һյĸȥͶʣǮȫС
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ɽĻˣһȥĵĻںޡʹࡢÿÿҹĥɽ
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ɽսصĺʹںǮںЩƸںɽܿɽôȥ
ɽһа취ģһеģҪ
ʣɽȴͷû̧ĻʲôϣĽ緢̶̼ʱڣ÷顣
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Ҫģһϣģ˰æ
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ʱ䣬ɽϵ˺ܶˣȴûһԮֵġ
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100 ѫ
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һ롢롢롭
ʧ󣬳ȴסˣû˽ӣǹⲻûн
زģٴβͨ
ʮ󣬳طû˽һȻʧģ૵Ҳϰɽ𣿡
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Ϣǹɽ£ַİַ岻ܿϢɣ
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طϢ󣬱ķ˯ɽӣ絶ʡôϣɽǸˣܹƴһػͨ˵߰
ڳصУɽӢۣ

ڣλǿԼװ߲ȫһã滹е̨ļߡ
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ѫʲô
ѫɲǹѫֵʵѫֵҲ̥ڹѫ㡣򵥵˵ѫǴ˻ڸԵйƷĻҡѧԺĻһ;㣬ѧԺ̳̳Ҳ򣬽㶼ùѫ㡣
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ƺҲַ֪ɻ¡͵ַ壬Ϊѫʲôνѫ㣬Ǽѻõģֻд˻ķǿߣشĹײܻùѫ㡣ɽʮ꣬ÿҲŽֻܻʮ㹦ѫ㣬⻹Ϊɽصĸˣͨķǿ߾͸ˡ
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˹ѫ㣬ĸ߲ûбݣҲͬΪķչŬôܹ꣬ʼŽᣬ⹦ѫ˺ܴáˣѾһλѧԺķǿˣѾȨޣȥ֪ೣʶ
ַ˵ͷѾЩȲȥϸ˽ˡ
ˣҳѧԺҪӰţһᱻȥ
ַҲ֪һЩɷߵĻһΪɷߣϳ궼ǴǰߣܺͨһС
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ַϲ⣬ԭоԺô죬ļԼӵҩƷҲƳˣǽȻͿԽˡ
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ˣһַ嵱СֵܣȸмַҲֵķΧУ֪뵽ЩɷߵȦС


101 
ַ嶼ȵЩˣȻǿ󣬵Ҳû߾ƾЩƿרΪЩɷƵģȻܱ֤ɷǺȵ
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ҲģǻλƵĵ˴ϣûע˸ŵĺơ

ڶһ磬ַˬܾû˯ˡǰΪ˾ƻÿ춼йɵ˯ô
һǽϵʱӣѾϾŵˣѸ𴲡ǽʲô£ЩУҪȥϵ̳ǹ䡣
ַܿͽ磬ѧԺ̳˾һڣֻгΪǿߣóϲӵȨ޵߲ܹ롣
ͨ߸޷롣
̵ַӣʱһڡ
Ȩޡ
Ȩͨӭַ
ַǰһǰѾ
һȫµĵطҲ̳һЩ򵥵˵ȫзǿ߽ƽ̨κһ
ˣ̳ǰǷΪ飬İ⣬һɰ顱ɽ׵ĵطĿĹϡŹֵĶһЩϵĶΪࡣ
ʬ壬ϵĳһַܷΪ̾
ַ巢ĸһϢ̵˽ȥ
ӭȫߡѧҡ˵ȵȣΪҪ׵˽԰ùѫ㹺̳ϵĶҲȨ޲תˡ
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˸ֶƼѧȵȣɵĽ׺ͽΨһҾǹѫ㣬ҹѫĻüΪѣɾλʥ߹ͬϸĿŹѫ㣬ͨͻ߽
ˣĹѫֵǼߵġ
ַǰûнӴΣѾϲˣ˷ǿ߶⣬ҪнȨޣֻ;ӢдãǸиҵܳ˲ŲſԽ
ҲԴһַʽ
ַ廹ע⵽ڲǽ׻̳ԣȫʵƣûݵĿܡ
˽һַȲĽ뵽̳УȻѡѧԺ̳ǡ
ৣ
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ǲģֻǶ⣬Ҳǹ̶ġ
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102 
ַҲȥһű㣬ѧԺ̳ڵȷоű壬ȴϡ١
ַϸ룬Ҳ֪һЩԭ
ű㣬ÿһҪһٹѫ㣬ֱ١ļ۸񣬼ûԸ⹺ʵ̫ˡ
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Ǵ˻ķǿߣǵĶתƵ˶оˡɷһΪһҲǰٶҵˡ
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⻹ֻɷһףǶסףڶԾǨﵽ񾳣ĺôͻࡣ
޵ȭʥľű壬ʵֻʧƷ޵ȭʥУ봴һܹϵѧߺһ˲䱬ʮٱ
ֻǣ뷨ʵ̫ˣű£ҲŽֻӾűʮٱ
ˣ޵ȭʥҲͽʧƷ̳ǣȻʧƷϾʥ֣֮۸һֱ;Ӹ߲£˻ỨѴĹѫȥϰű塣
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ű㹦۸ٹѫ㣬ַۣܰҪİٰʮѫ㣬ټַ幺ʮ˹ѫ㣬ַһӾͻ528ѫ㡣
Լű⣬һɷ߻ṺһЩѧǷ
Щѧַܰ⿴һۣձ鶼Ҫһٹѫϡַ嵹Ҳ˻ڻʣ472ѫ㣬Թһϳ˵ѧˣżҲǹѧʱ
Ͼַû۳ѧҲûʲôã֮ǵ
ǣַ˳ڸ˵ĿռյԼűĺ
ַȲĲ鿴ȻһЩҪѣ˽Դ֮ģַҲμסʵ̳ڹһЩѧ϶˽ԴڣֻԼϰ
ҲǺܸӣǽǳ֮
Ϊǳ֮
ִƼоʵڵһ壬Ӵ󵽼㣬ǵϿһĻ
Ļ֮ǿգѾоĳɹרһſѧѧ磬֮Ϊ
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Щǳ֮ϣ˵Ҳ塣ִĿƼķɴɳ򣬽Ǻ׵ġ
ȴٳûгɹΪǵ֮һ㡰Ļ˭Ҳ֪㡰Ļ˭ġֻȻγɵģ
֮Ļĳ룬޷ǿգͬʱʥоʱ֣ԭǺܿ񱩵ģѱա
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ΪĻĳ֣༴ڿƼը֮ǰҲɷߣҲ٣Щ񾳾ܹԾǨ
ǿߣƽ˿ƼķչƼǼٽճĴԾǨʥߡ
ĻڱףǱ״˭Ҳ˵
ַ֪ĻĴڣ֪Ļ߾ȻôҪ˽⵽ǳ֮󣬽ͼˡ
ʵҪģѣȻĻ赲ͻȴû赲ߣͨһЩԶƼ豸ܹǿյһЩ
ǳں嫵֮Уγɵһֶ澰ԶԶȥͺһһ
ģѣǳ֮뵽ڣӶ۵ٶȡ
ǰʱ㹻ǿͲʺ
ַȻʼԽеɷߣߣʣҲһַǿ
ˣַͲǳܹ֧֮šҪľٶȿһЩɲķѴʱȥ
ǣַϥ˵ϣǳ֮޿ײ룬ڼʵҲûʲôӰ죬Ҫ⵽յȥ
ַԺйȫעûһ˿ܿ죬ͳ׳˺ӴС
ͬʱַһоĶڡ


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ƺǳ֮Ҳûô񱩣
ַЩ⣬ȻĻԶˣˣǳ֮ҲǺܿ񱩵ģɷ߶óԺܶβܹ۳һ˿
һ׼ǳ֮壬ٵһ˿ʮҵʱ䣬һ¾ܹ˿
Ҫ۳ʮ˿Ҫӽʱ䡣ʱҲձʱ䣬ɷߴӴƻɷһ׵۷壬һ㶼ʱ䡣
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ַ嵱Ȼ뾡۳һоȫע롰ʱֱĸоֳˣһַûзģȫעļ롰
Ŵǳ֮뵽ںַڸоЩǳ֮Űһ档ǳַ֮ڷҴܣƻַڵѪ⡢
ҺַԶһˣ˲ûбǳ֮ƻΪǿɵǳ֮ҲѰߵ
ǳ֮ûκԼںֱײַ־㶼ûܹסջҧͦסˣǳ֮ϵƻַĲҲӵ쾡£ڵѪⱻƻһ㣬Ծָ̻
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Ȼֻһ˿ȴȫַָӣʹָһ˿ܹ뵽Ѫ֮Уǿ
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һ˿ַСʱڵǳ֮кܶࡣʱ򣬾ǿɷߣܲסǳ֮ƻˣ벻ټ
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ͣ
ڣַһ۳ʮ˿ʱͣΪѾоЩԾˣ˲һ˿ô
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ʵǺţЩ˼顣
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ҾٶȺܿ죬ַϸһڵʹָǳ˳ûκβ׵ĵط
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ٶȼֱ˸ûκܹȵϣǰ޹ˣҲпܺߡ
Ѿˣǲ״֮ˣ

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Ϣݣַɫһ˿ɷɽͬĺѣôܵ裿
ϢѾǰģַ岻ԥ̻ز˹ȥ


104 
ʱ䣬ؾľչɽֻԺķúܸߣǺܸߵԺϴε¹ˮû֧ɽԺķˡ
ˣԺѾɽȥ
ɽԽԽ춼ججȫûǰǰ緢ǰϣ
óغʹȴûκΰ취
죬ڸĸԼ϶ˮԺˮżıڣһְҵߡ
ڸĸɽôһǷϵģ˶̲סݺᡣ
ɽӰ㲻ĥԼܵܵĴ
ڸҲȵ϶ѵ𣿰约ӣͰǮɣѵǼһȱʳ
ڸĸֻʵͨˣǲϣӱϣɽһֱȥ
ҺˣȴΪǮֵܷĿɳҲʹġ
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οˮҲĸϾɱͽ⡱ˡ
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105 
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ڸĸһۣ󶼳̾ӷĿɳ𣬶ǵĴϣܺͽɡ
زֻͨˣҲʲô

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Ѹٵҵһװݻķ䣬һӣͼŮڵЦš
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ŻԸӣŮҲôӣƽʱͷţûˮ¡ǣˮú㿪ʼˮһĽɽĲƸȫΪС
ҲʲôŻԻˮֵܷĿѾõˣɽһ߽ѵ鷳
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رŻĿⲻƵĶˮ޲ܽˮɱˣôȾûɽַʶ


106 
Ŀ⣬ˮһֺܲõԤС
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أŻֻǸˣһߥޡˮɽĲƸסˮ·Żȴû·
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ŻԵĻˮһϲæʵʲô취
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ˮæҡҡͷ˼ܼʴɽҲڿŴһ泬ɽ
ĴûҪɱɽһͷûС
ŻǰһץסˮڣЦ֪ˣĲƸʱû磿Ƶôҵĵزû磿ǿЦ˵Ƿﻹ̧ˣ޶ɷ򣬸οھϴɽһԭ𣿡
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107 
ôûУɻǲɣ
ŻԺг˵Ŀ⣬ˮĿⲻϵ˸Ҳֻһҧɣȥˡ٣ȷַû취
Ȼû취ֻҪҧɽˣַûκΰ취סһ͸¶֮ĹϵʱǶҪϵֻϵ㣬ϵң֪𣿡
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ҪңֻˣҲȫ
ŻԵţЩŤ

оԺʵ䣬ַоԺһӱá䡱
оԺ˲࣬һЩ߹ԼһЩľӢ˲ţȻᳫƽȣһôȫƽȣ
оԺƳĵһԼҩƷЩ˾Ϳȵõʹá
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䣬žͱƿ¶⼸İ˵Ӱ


108 һ֪
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İˣһվɽ
СأǶߡ
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硣
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ˮ˽󻹸ߡ
߳ؿɽȴܿ˸ְҵƷߣǵϻɢһ˿˿ɷ
ֻɱʱŻʣɽǳ
ˮǰûô򵥡
ˮ㻹ʲô
ɽĶˮˮʹࡢʣܸ֮ӣ۾лѪ˿
磬ҺϵĽһ磡СʱǼﶼҲʱ۸ҸЩ۸ҵˣҲľͱ˼ͥصƴ䣬Ȼһһߵ˽졣
ʵ̫ˣ㵽ǰ̧ͷÿһҶԲλ࣬˵ĸжֻгĻǴ
ԣĽ㣬㣬ҲΪˣҲǰͦţҾǸ޴־ͨ˰ˡ
ˮ·̣ɽȴΪЦıĲƸ;ǰͦˣ
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ˮıЩɽֲõԤУ̾;
ͬʱˮһͷʱ̾Ͷˡ
Ǹʲô
ɽ˫һţҪĳһƣû˫ţ޷֧ţж裬ֻӲһ߶һơ
飡
ɽǿס˶ԷһƣԷˣ˸̱ƽһ֣ɽϣɽˡ
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϶˵Сأԭ㣬Ҷԭ㣬Сطˡ
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Ҳߵȼܿȼܵһ𣬽һĺۼճ˻ҽ

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Żˮļ
Ҫʲô
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ˮҲ̫޴Щġ
ʲô£ҸִһкҲʯҷĸҲǸ߽ߣˣѵֲμֻҪˣǾʹˣ֮ͥ£ھǰѵַ廹ɱ㣿
⵹Ҳǡ
ô˵ˮˡϲʿ־ֳҪ룬һЩ߹٣װһЩС٣ԼһЩ̵ȵȣֻҪȫ롣
ʱַˣٷŭڴ֮ͥ£ôϲʿǰǷǿҲ׶ɱ˰ɡ
ˣȻȥ˯һúϢɻҪӦַ塣
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ˮ뿪ŻǼ¶һ˿Цң˭ô޴Էǿһ֪أӢѫ¡ʮƻţɱΣҲãˣַܵ¾ˣҲͰȫˡ
ŻԴһƿƣһڣ˳ˮһЩ˻ֻŻ֪
ȸһأͷȥܽˮ˻ǮΪУƿһеĸо̫ˡ


109 
ʯǺվ¥ַ߳˷ɴһʱ׼ϵɽ
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Ҳûʱȥ飬ǣɴֱȥ˺վ¥Ĺҡ
ãҪʲô񣿡
ҵǰ̨С¶һЦݡ
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ǿȨģܹڹҵǰ̨С㣬Ȼ֪Ƶĺ塣
Եȡ
ܿ죬ǰ̨СһˣװһĹ
ַɣĸˣҪʲô񣿡
֪ҵݣ
ַ嵹Щ죬ֻó˷ǿߵ֤ûֱӱݡ
ַ˵ЦˣרŸģķǿߣǵϿжУֻҪҪǶܹṩܼķ񡣡
ãҪһԼһ˾֪ʯڼһλ˵ɽ
ڼң˵ߣ
ӳһ£˵ͷȻ֪ǼҿǷ˲ٵ£μɽ񣿡
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ַ͵վ˾ͬһͷһ㣬絶ƺ̩ɽѹ뿪˵ѡ
ΧҲæԶַ塣
ַ˵ڼҽΪɽ׷ᣬμɽ𣿡
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ַԵȣȥ׼
ҲƵ뿪ˣźЩǿ߿ɲһַ壬ղŵӺҪɱһ̫ˡ

ڼұˡ
ڸĸݺᣬ۾ˣôҲţɽôˣһһֵУյĿȫǡ
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ڵ£ôͻȻŻ𣬻ɽ
־ֳҲʽˮʶǰҵˮ
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ֳһˮҡҡͷڻѽ綨ģΪһץ֣
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ˮһĸм̬ȺܳϿҡ
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Ҳû˾ΣڼֵܲͣϴɽȻˣôֶ֡ûվˮ˵ʲô
Ǹˮڼһӣμɽʽˣ£ûκιϵ
ڼҵԽԽ࣬ʱ䵽ˣˮȴʱʱ̧ͷ˱Ĵ⣬ڵȴʲô
϶ʼˣôɡ
ڸ۾ˣЩȻֻܽ϶
õģʽϿʼ
ˮüͷûпӦóֵˣЩ̤ʵѵǸ˲
ˮЩĲɣʽȴ뿪ʼһʱ䰧ǰμɽ˶ǰһ㡣
ƣˮһĺЩǰμʽ˱лʱԽãȴԽЩ
ѵĲˣ
ˮţЩ̫ٵϢˡ
ʱȻһʮӣɫĮĿֱĶɽ˵˽
ˣ
Įӣˮһ̾ͱ


110 
ַڼұ߽ʱһ۾ͿǰǷ޴
ɽֵܣĺѣͬڣȴ
ַ廹ǵõپսսͷޣˮԭ壬ҲɽҲҪˡ
ַ֮ȴûжôĸˣΪɽ֮·Ͼˣʧȥ˫ȵɽͺʧȥйʣʧȥϣ
ɽĬĬ뿪ǶʵַûйֹɽϾҲˡ
ַһһɽǰˮǰһַ۾һɣȴһһ㣬亹ֱðӲǲǰ
ˣַʱȴѾ죬һŵģ
ȻǶϳַ塣ϾַѾĬĬŵˣγ¼ַڡҴ˻Ӣѫ£˭˲֪˭˲
˵е̨ǲġ¼Ƭǽַһ¡
ôַ壿
ڼϴǴ컯϶ַսѣҼǵڼϴҲɽأ
ͶˣڼϴѧԺѧַҲǡ˶һɽأսꡣֻϧɽ̫ˡ
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ٺ٣Ǿô򵥣ɽַˣôɺϣҿûô򵥣ɽ֮ͺΣַӣɲôúŪģǾ͵ſϷɡ
Щ˶μ񣬵ʵϺڼûʲôϵǳˮμҲ͸һӡ
ַܹĵѾ֮ϲˣڼһᷢʲô£ҲûʲôϵֵÿЦ
ˮȴôҲЦ֮ǰѾƻ˸ô˵ַȴֺʲô˵ˣļƲסڿ־塣
ַһ㣬ĲɽǰɫƽƽЩ£кܶ˶ϳַݣȴûκ˵նԵúܹ졣
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ַͺѼ꺮ůһƽ죬ԽƽȴԽëȻĸо
ǰƽ˭ܿóַһɽ緢
ô죿
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ˮôԴУôѹ֡
ǣˮǰһ׼˵Щʲôʱַȴ͵תͷĿ絶һɨˮ
ˮ
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ǣҾɽĵܵˮַԶʯǣȥϢһ
ˮǿѹסĵĿֻţС˵
ַȴ΢΢۾͵

ʲô
ˮȫû뵽ַôˣס
˵㺦ɽǧҲΪ
ַһһˮ˿̣ɱڣ
ˮʼ־ˣһַ㵽˵ʲôҴڴĿǰ⻹Ϊֻڵ顣
ˮĿ⿴֣ҲһȻˮѾᵽ˾֣ͱվ͡
ǣǰһ͵ַɽҲʹġĿǰǻڵ飬ֻҪκ֤ݣǶȡʩԲң⡣ǵĵ飬ɽ⻹ɱڻûȷĶۣǻҪҸ֤ݡ
֤ݣҪˣǾ죬Ӧ֪ɱִհɣǲ˶ɽıκˣӲ
ַֿһĳˮƽʱҲо鲻ԾˣַѾ϶ˮɱɽ
ţҪַｫˮɱˣַ᲻ֳ֪ȴͷˡ
ַǷǿߣӦǩ˷Э飬ǾͲһҪ侲ǾһὫˮʯ
ˮʯ˵ˮɱǲܣʲôɽǰ߳޲ںźƽȴĻıɽ
֤ݣҪô鷳
ַϵƽɢһͷ˶ɵһ㣬˶ٴС
һҧַ壬ǷǿߣҲҪطЭ飡װЭˣ㲻ž֣ܲЩ𣿡
ͷ󺹣ϧţ֮һҪַֹ塣ַǿһֱ֣롣


111 ѪծѪ
𣿡
ַĿ֣ĿתȺС
Э
ַЭĴɽ£ЭҲ˽һЩǶɽźЭᣬһע£ֱΪֹ
˵һʮߣĸߴѪۻ룬һ֪Ǹ߽ߡ
ַȴһɽЭĳԱɣôģ
ЩΣҡҡͷ˵ɽȷЭᣬһ£ڼҲ£ЭҲΪϾڼҵļ£ֻṩɽҪķԮ
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г顣
ɽȥԺ˾ɣôеģ
֤ݲ㣬ǲɽ󡣡
һ֤ݲ㣬ǾϹ۾֪ڼҵǮ˭ģȴ۾˵Ϲ޶ԡ
ַһһЭᣬװֱ߳һ߽ߡ
ַݷЭ飬ͨ˳֣ðûκðΪװȡҪĴʩ
ҪʩǰԡѪƴػ󷽵ļ԰ǾҪҲȡҪʩ
ַʧ׵ʧ
ৣ
ַû˵תͷĶˮ
ĸ

ַ嶯ˣȻֱӳˮһץֲܵĿȫѹװĸ߽ߣͺ֮ѹסһ㣬˿á
ס֣
߽ߴʧɫҲ߶ͳǹȴңһλǿߣǹһǹǿ߾ðɱ
ֲǹװ߽ҲֹʲôЦǩ˷ЭķǿߣҲȨģ㷸ҲɷǿץЩְҵߡ
οֹֹһλǿߣ
ž
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ǣһЩҪĵ뿪ǲ뿴ϷˣϾַ忴Σգǿɲա
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УҪ뿪ûȨѺǡ
ַ壬ݷЭ飬Ҳطɣ㲻˽ԿѺǡ
ַ壬㼴ٷŭҲ֤ݰˮǾҳ֤ݣѺʲôοʯҲֻǷˣǵȵװŵķǿˣ鷳ˡ
Щ˶Ҫ뿪ַΪֻһһˮĿͷ
ˮģʧѪ࣬˶ˣĻ˵ο𣿲ʱ̣ЭһҪҧؼ֣Բɿڣˡ
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ݷЭ飬зǿ߶ص𺦣ȨֱӽץУ
ǿߵִӸˣ˶˿ǿڣַķǵҲܱס
ǣһϲ㾫Ӣʿ׷ǿִ߿࣬Ҫദַ壬ַΪɷǳӵӰ졣

ǰҵĳǿ̲סһǾַķŭɲҪץַġŭַ壬˾޴ִҲѴ̡
ַ壬㵽ô
ڣַתһ̯ڵˮ˵Ҫĺܼ򵥣ѪծѪ


112 ֮ս
Уַ壬ʯ˽ɱˣǿǩ˷Э飬еӦúˮҲҪռ֤ݣķԺУ㲻ܶ˽̣
ִն˵ûκתأΪ漰һҪ⣬ȨܲԼǿߣ
Χ⣬Լ˼ҵۣһЭа취
κһеķǿߣ¾ƻȶôȨЩǿߵġ
ַԾҪԼ֣Ҫ֤ݣƻЭƻΪ
ִߺܷŭǶɵִӣȻҪάһ涨
֤ݣ֤ݡǺǡ
ַ忴һɽ񣬵ɽû֤ݣˮûκΰ취û֤
²ãûκ޷ģˮǮϴˣٸӵϴǮֶΣֻҪһ׷ȥܲ鲻˿
ֻߣˮôһݰѧӵܣôôǮϸһ飬ѵ淢ֲһ˿
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ֱ죬ɽȴûһվַʧҲĺ޷ں󷽵ܰǣԴһλѫߣ
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䡢ԼİѾ׵ĸ˳еˣܻŵޡ
ƺѾˣ˭˰
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ڣַȴû顣
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ַûκζܵΪҲûκη˫ֻɷߡ
ɷȴһַǷô˻˵Ĵ򷨣ֻץַ壬ûҪַ壬˻ˣǿɲɡ
οַεǿ㻹ĺԶܸܵХƿҪǴʵˣһܡ
ַȭٶȺܿ죬ұױȣڰ;Ҫ֣ôף
䣡
ǿǵսεȼң֮Ӳƴһǣͺһ㣬̹ѣש鲼֩Ƶơ
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սڵʯ䣬ַһлɷߺ˫͵һ̤
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ִ߼æһˣգۼ˳˱ַȻ׷˳˳ȥ


113 û
ಣ
׷Ӽ䣬Ѿ˱ɵ˱һƬ԰Ͽա
Ǳ˿ڲܼˣվ໥š
ַ壬㲻ҪִԲ򡣡
ַȴ˵ֻĶˡ
ߣְɡ
Ҳ÷ǿߣȻַ岻ȰҲˡ

һǿһţ¾ȻȼܵĻ棬Ʊһ޴Ļˣب֮С
һҲʾһָΧպһӾͺ԰ڵľݶһӱסˣ˱
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⣡
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εǿһ𣬱ͱ飬ͬʱȴԴԴϵĺֶסַ塣
ʱƣַҲסѸٵĶһ߱
һ߱񣬺ب֮УôĹŹ֣һĻ˱ڵͨ˵ע⡣
桢շ֮УǺεȵĺ
ҲûмʶȻǿߺڴǰʾǿ˭ֻ֪зǿ߲ܹնС
ʣλǿߣҷڴս
һЩѾʼƵѸٵϴϡ
һƵʵ̫ˣ֮սô
ˣƵԼٶȴܿϷ
λǿߴսǺҿƺھǿǸھڴսͲ𣿡
˵ķκִִ߰רЩƻķǿߣҪץҲǷǿߡ
ףûзҪץǸ˺𣿵ȵȣ룬ǰʱеĴӢַɣ
ʲôַ壬ִôַͻַǸոյӢѫµӢ۰
ѾһƬڣǿߴսִߡӢַۡȵȹؼʣ磬˶֪࣬Ӣôִͻ
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̬һǺܿȻ󲨡
ǣŲȻŭִţǾ̹󣬹ͬȷ
ǷǿҲִܷӣȨ
ǣ̼˸ķǿߣҪַסֹ̬Ľһ

ϿգȻַ屻סˣִȴɷǳСġ
ΪַȻûеȥվ֮У˵ʲô˵Ͷַûð
꣡
Ȼûãı飬ƬһأַƱûκˡ
ǶԷ츳ϧ̫ˣ޷סַ塣һ˵Ļ棬Ϊʲôûгűַʱ֡
ʵй˼ɣ㵽ڣҲɱַ壬˭ַ֪ݵ⣬ɱһλӢۣʲôЦͲܡ
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ۿַѾ˹޿ɱܣִҲڷ˺ݡ
ھʮ˿


֮£˵˲ٶ֡İٶ֡ٶٶֵ˿ַ屬һҪ

ַȴûκαãֻһȭֻһȭܵĿ񱻼ѹ˼ޣһɿµȭȻ
䣡
߰ٶֵټԭʮַһȭͲ೬ǧֵǺεȵǿ
ȭŰִ߱ȫ滷ƣַſµȭȴûַ壬ͱȭ֮ƣݺҵ˵ϡ
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ִڵҳӣŵϷַ壬ִߣȻַ˶
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ΧҲĿɿڴһƬǽĻ԰ֱĩһۼǿߵƻĵױȵġ
ˮҲɵˣ˫ȱϣʱû߶ֻĿɱһַ壬һһӿ
ˣɽǰл
ַһˮɽǰûκֹܹɱˮľģ
ˮˣĸܵϢ֪ǰˣһƾ׽ʱƺϵʹʲôˡ
ҪɱңҪɱҰ硭û
ˮͬɱĺУصڴڡ


114 Ӣۣ
ˮͷ󺹣ˣַĮ־ױˣ֮䣬Ļʲô
˵ʲô
ַıһδ䣬嶼ڲΪ
ҴɽûҴûҪɱҾ竣ٻ쵰ҲûҪɱ
ˮѾڵأޣ񾭳ױˣһеƣһеıַɱǰʲôã
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ԭЩǰμɽϲ㾫ӢʿˮĻҲȻɽûʲôЦ
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ʱȴѾ졣ǿ֮ĴսǺεȵĺ仹ڳ֮Уһǣ浽Ӣַ壡
ַһִ֮ߣЩִ߿ɶǷǿߣǰûжԱȣҶַ֪λӢ۵һԱȣַɻǿߣ⺬ͺܸˡ
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Ҳһ˿ɻַڳ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫʲô
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ַողΪӢۣôԵ޹ʶͨ˶֣һʲô顣
ҾʯˣƵıҺϤʯǵڼΪһ߾ڼҵһ˲֪ҴŻ֪һЩ˵ڼֵΪ˲ƲĿɳڼϴͻȻˣû飿
ַ֣ӦþǺڼϴ֮йϵ
ϸϢɣҥԣ˭Ҳ˵˭̬Ѿ󻯣ڹע̬ķչ
ַĵɱˣǲʲôԭ鷳ɾʹˣ

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ҲҵȻַֹ壬ǾֻܸȥԷַʲôľٶ


115 ټɽ
ַץˮ뿪ˣλִӵĸӳҲȥԭǰμҲȥ֣Ͼֿɲ˭ܿģǲǷˣַ˵ٶȣֻա
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󲿷ֵֻǱһֿϷ̬ȣϾº޹أЩšװЭȵȵȴûˣ֮ǰǿǱַƿԣ档
ȷʵڻŻԡ
꣡
ŻеľƱͨһЩߣȻ֪ڼұ﷢һСһжԤڵڷչִַӵ˳ͻ֡
ַҲ׼ɱˮֻҪˮһôͰȫˡ˭뵽ˮȻûɱɽ
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ŻԺܷŭͬʱҲܻ֣̿ɽûˮҲûһıˣַɽһ֪Ļıܻ
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ŻԵϣ׼ˣĶһ⡣⣬һӴ˶ںڰУֲߣ˵ʲô¾ˡ
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ӣԲ䵽ַϡԣؼңһж߸ףһж̹ףûɱˣһжˮʵʲ㱻ץˣҲֻΣֻҪԭңΰˣżҵıӡ
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żһ᲻Ὣַ壬ŻԿ˺ܾãӦòᣬżλ˶ķˣֻὫ֣շС
ַ壬ַ˽Դżλ޹⣬ҲΥĴ̶Ĺء
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뵽ŻԵϣ뿪˻żҸȥλȥһҪ̹ףҪ뱣һκˣ

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ڴԣһŮӣЩҵŲֿš
㡭ַ壿
Ů˿ַƺϳַ壬¶˾ϲı顣
ַ忴һŮˣɵ˵ɽŮѣϢң
ǣҽгءˣȾɽ
ɽôˣ
ַһ˴ǰɽԲѣ˿ڣɴˡ
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ַĶˮˮеľսǼæ˵ҲҲɱ磬ֲ뱻˷ֻ֣ṩ㶫ߣʲôɣ
ˮҲЩˣĴûɱɽǱϾԼĴ磬ɽҲ϶ͷϡ
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ַתϸ۲촲ϵɽ
ɽȻԲѣʧѪҲ࣬ҶֹסˣҪַȻĸоɽϵϢ·𽥵ࡣ
ڵѪҲڲϵıţڷһ㡣ͬʱɽһٵĸо
ָоַʵ̫ϤˣΪǴƻɱ


116 
ʯżڼʮǰѾʯǵĶˡԭܼ򵥣żߣ˻ɾ˷ˡ
Ȼ͵ĴЩûܹƻȴԽԼ̽磬ķˮΪӴ
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ڴƻǾ͸ˣǵǵĴƺû츳Ȼżҵ͵ĴЩû䣬ֻżλǿ߻ڣ˭ָСżң
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֪Ҫ뱣סŻԺѣΨһİ취ŻȥףŻԳֻһЩ֮֡䵽ַУǿɾ
ŻҲеǼæͷԸӼİš
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ŻԿǵַ֪ڼҵıжôײСֱӻִӣӲǴˮ˫ȡҲַӲҪɱǾ鷳ˡ
оâһߣ㶮ʲôµΪ»ַֻڼҵ£ûôˣǿϰͳȥַ崦ãҲͬģϵȨǵôĴ۲ȡģοΪһַɨأ

Ż죬Ͳ˵ʲôҲûнͣǣ浽ĲģŻһӵܣôǣж㣿
֪ССһ£ȴѾǣе񾭣ַҪɱŻԻˮǾƻȨΪζ̵ġ
ֻ֪֪Ҫԭԭżλǿ߻㱨żλǿ߶ʱҲܽ
ַҲ֪ʯǣѾĵ֮С


117 ɽɱ
ˮȻڻ״̬ȴʢϸڲϵķѡҪһʱĹ̡
ַ壬ɽо𣿡
һĵģɽô˯ȥһ˯ˡ
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ûĻַӦѾ˻ɱڣɽԾͺǿҲ͸ôƻˣû뵽صʯǾЩĥѣȴ˻
ַǷĵĸˣɽǹĽ飬ˮԭͲҲпܴ˻
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ַɽڵӪҺЧɽ˫ȿʼĳ⣬ϸϵķѡѡ
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ڵȴУַ巢ִӵĸӳҲſڣǴ粽롣ַüͷ
ʵûʯִӶ֣ʵǿ㵥һˣַҲǶ֡
ЩִӵɷߣַǷǳİģǰкҲûнӴ棬ƺ
ᣬַɴóֱͨҵ̳
ҪռһЩԼִɷߵϢ
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Ȼ̳ҲΪ˲ٵİ飬ѧԺ顢ȵȣʵǿŵģֻҪȨ޽̳˶ܿ
ֱִַ͡ӡĹؼʣ˴ӡлһЩרŽԼִӵӡ
ַϸĲ鿴齨ִӣʵάȨҲƵ֯
ִӳԱɷߣÿҪжһλʹұǾԾǨǿ߲ܵΡ
ַڷʱⷢĴִ֮һЩսһֹһӣǺܶࡣ
ҲܸȤһһĵȥϸ鿴
һ鿴ȴַɫ
ɷǻ࿴˳ۣ໥֮ҲھϻǺŽģŽԭֻһǾޣ
ΧǿȺಢףɷ߶ǰսŬٳռ䡣
ֻ⣬ΪӵȨǼɷߣȥ֮פء
ִӾǱȽϳģЭᡣ
Ҫôķǿ߹ȻҲǰ߻أķǿȴ޼
󲿷ɷߣûϹսֻǶں󷽣ʹſЦġȨʵϾڶսޡ
ԣɷߣĴ֮߳Ϊų򣬸ƲߣʱսĴǰƴȴں󷽵
ؼǣһЩǿߵȨЩӲǰսǿߣҲܣ
ǰƴǵˡҪܵЩųߵĹϽѹեɽǰˣӶصʯǡ
ҪʱǸͲܲˣȴȨЩΪŰ
ַ˳ĿĵĶִߣĮ


118 ȥɱ
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˶ͬʱ˿ɽûֱңַزưոݣʱҲΪѡ
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Ҳ˵ͷɽһѣַҲڷַλӢۣʵкܴѹ
οַѧԺߣַıҲѧԺȻ򲻵ѣҲַ塣

ַջԼĿ⣬ѾûκκøУɽѵĴѵǰƴߣ³
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ˮȴûɱûеɥĲĵزֻǣɽȴҲû˰顣
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119 ǲ

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Щų棬ַѾɱ⣬Բһȭ
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츳
żŭ𣬷񱬷Լе赲ַ⾪һȭ


120 ڵĦ
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ԭĵƵĽӳɫıҲһӽӲ


123 ǿһ
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ӳղŻĵΪסַ壬һָ㼤ѵַ·ߴˣתۼƾͱˡ
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޴ԲԽԽ󣬼ͣѸٵĻΪһֲУ·κζҪʵ÷顣

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ԲоҵţǿƺηԲڵĽɱ֮
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ԭﵽһ̶ȣҲ˿ֲ


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132 ʥ߻
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ǸʱƼոմ󱬷඼̽ûпĴԾǨʥ߾͸ָһ·
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ʥߵʵȴʥǿģЩƫȴǱصʥߡ
ĸҪҿʥ߻һλʥߣ̬ȻҪ


133 ĸ
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134 Ƽ
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ǳַ֮ûκ谭ٴ۳һ˿ˣַھѾһ˿Խɷһ׵ļޣ
ַԽ˾ʮ˿ļޣ̾ͣϸ¶һ˿Źֵɫ
ȫûκ۳һ˿ûκεı仯ͺϡƽһԼǲͻƵɷס
ɷһģڶʱһʽʮ˿˲䱩һٶ˿ٶ˿
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ַ廹ңȴֹ񾳵ȴˣ̳ҲûУܹҵҲһЩƤë
ϾǿѾǸ߶սˣУǿ߱ʹһϽʮˡ
ַ岢ûҵȷĴ𰸣ȴ֪ɷһߣ۳ʮ˿󣬾ͻԸоѾ˼ޡ
ַأ۳һ˿Ҳûκε޵ĸо֤ڽֻɷһף˾硣
ɷһ۳ʮ˿ַҲϸңûκ߳ޣоЩΣȻûʲô׵ĵطǾͼļ޵ܹ۳
ǣַҲͷϰУ
һһ˿һ˿һһʮ˿
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ͨ˸оǳ֮ĲƵﻹһλǿߣʿʮһ
۾ĿЩɻַ巿ķ
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ʮһ־ЩܣϾַţƻŶ೤ʱ䣿ֻǼѣھͻƵɷף
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ĳЩʮһҲûֻǺˣϾ˵ʵںһ㡣
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Ѿӵ޵ȭʥġַûȥţǷԸƵˣͷ⣬κ˶ַܿķ䣬ַ԰ĵ


135 ֮·
ʱֹȥҹַٶҲԽԽ죬ʱ䣬۳һ˿
ԭһ˿ַ˿ڵﵽ˿ֲ˿
ַٶȻӣÿʮ˿ÿʮ˿ַߵԽԽֲٶȻӡ
˿Ѿֲܿˣؼַûиеޣһ㵽޵׶ûС
ַڵҲ˳˿ͿƼʮ˿ûκֻǱǿˡȻûеޣַҲͼ
һ졢졢졭
ʱ䣬ַڵȻѾ˿ˣֱţ˵ȥûš
ַ嶼Щ̤ʵʱڣ۵ٶʮ˿ʱо˼ޣǷٶȡ
ٶʮһ˿ٶʮ˿ٶʮ˿
ڣַļ޵ˣٶʮ˿ôһ˿ˡ
жôȡ嫵뵽ڣͻɢһִʹС
ļˣҲ޷ַܹﵽɷףĿǰַ嶼ûгɱ䣬ûɱͽɷף߻Уַû˵

ַ峤˿ֹͣ诹ϵҲѸٵʧɢ󷿼Ҳûǳ֮Ĳ
ϸ۲ڵЩĸ뼯оͼУ뱬ͱʹָǳ
ĴڣƺԴ̼壬ַǱĬУϱøǿ
˿ָоʵ̫ˣַһڵѸٵĻγһס
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ָоǷǳģ׵ʵ̫ˣǽΪףҪ˿ÿһӵάֶҪ
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˵ʩչϱһǧİٶֵһ˿ܱİٶֵ˿ǾͲǧԭһǧİٶǧİٶֵ
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ӳͲȫսУȻҲǳ֮תΪЧʵ̫ˣһеûɷǷǳΣյġ
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ַܼΪҵɷ׶Ҫߵ·ֹɷԺҲͬ·Ǿͬ
֮û·ԭҲܼ򵥣мޣ屾ͺ޸ǲֵһᣬôҲ޷ǿĵز
ַɲһлںں޻ʹԼЩޣЩҪǿ
ƣô巽Ĵ
ˣͬʱպҪߵ֮·


136 
ַԽԽÿУҪ֪ɱڣʻڷٵţȵɱʻǿ
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ʮһַӣҲ⣬ƲһЩνŵģЩſʵһĸܹԾǨΪж٣
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ʮһˣԸܴܱܲȥɽϻصָӣԸȥһͨߡУȡҲͰˣôһ֮ڶҼڣ
СӻּۻۣʥߴľҪּۻ۾ȥʥߴ˰ɡ
ַΣ֪Ѹıˡ
ԭμڻȥĸˣøĸ׷ģڼȡ̸ɽϻأ޷ȥ
ڽһʱɽϻأؼҶС
ʮһˣллʥߴˡ֪ҵֵɽô죿
ַ嵣ĵɽ
ɽѾ˻ûѡĸʲô뷨
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СӵҲûȨһλǿߵģҲգҰ㣬ֻҪɽͬѧԺҾͽɽϻء
ַϲȻܸмʮһ
ڿ뿪Ƶ˰ɣ
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Ϊ޵ȭʥġĸʮһ֪ʥ߻ٿһЩݣĳ̶ֳ϶ԣַƶġı䡱
ַֻһжһ֪ˡ


137 Ƽ
ַ뿪˾Ƶ꣬û÷УڳﻹӦһЩˣѡ˾ƵĳþƵȥԺ
뿪Ƶǰַϵɽ֪ɽԺûлڼҵıס˵ͳʶԺ
ܿ죬ַ嵽ԺɽԺӭַˣͳվ⣬ҲַۣҲɵ΢΢һɡ
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ԺĻַҲ˵ͷǲɽ㲻ܴԺɣˮ׼ô
ղ·ϵ˽⣬ַѾ֪ɽˮ˾죬Բдһʡ
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ܹʮһƼѧԺȻٺòˣʮһܴӦ𣿡
ɽЩɣǿǿߣɽ˽⣬͸ʶʮһ
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ɽҲЩĶóԺţַһ𷵻ؾƵꡣ
ַҲд⣬̴ɽص˾Ƶֱ꣬ʮһķ䡣
ʮһ˿ڣ

ַɽʮһǰֱ˵ʮһˣȻ㶼ӦæɽɽϻˣǸɴͰ˰ﵽװɣɽڻûмѧԺΪɽƼô
˵ַ꣬廹ڴĿʮһ


138 ѧ
Сӡ
ʮһЦҡҡͷΪǿߣȻ֪ƼѧԺͨƼˣʵʵڵĺô
ûֱӺôԺҲмӺôַźƤΪɽƼˡʵƼһ˶ʮһ˵Ȼûʲô⣬ֻǾ֮ͣҲַܿ壬ַһҲ޷
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ΪѧԺԼɢˣףǺܿͻϵ㣬һЩĴǷҪȨ
ַ·Ҳ򵥵ɽһ飬ɽҲ˾ǣɽҡҡͷֱ˵ÿˣѧԺ
ܺãǾΪƼˣƼѧԺҪһЩʱ䣬ͻỤַȥɽϻأ㡣ԸһϵʽҽύȻѧԺ˸ϵ
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ǱԶԶʤҪ󣬵ȵպԾǨΪ񾳣ԾǨпܣżӦżķԼңƽ
͸ĸϵַ屾۵ĿǰѾ˼ޣ޷ˡ
ھű㣬Ҫʱϰ̶һϣϰҲʲôá
ȻűϰҪܳʱ䣬ַ뵽ѧ
ѧ˼壬ѧʵϴ˻ǵĻ϶еϡ
ȻȻθЧͳһ⣬̶ѧ͵ˡ
ֻǣһѧҪȽӴɷһߣѧҲûʲôãϾһѧҪһԱʮ˿ɷһ׵õϣ
ˣһɷ߶Ǵﵽɷף˿󣬲Żῼϰѧ
ַ岻һɷһߵļޣȻֻɷһףȴӵٶ˿ȫѷһɷӵе
ҲЩɷ۷壬ڵﵽ˼޵߲űַࡣ
ˣַٶ˿ĹģȫϰѧˣȿһӴһûʲô
ǣַ̽뵽ҵѧԺ̳ǣֱѰѧ


139 ѡ
ַһѧͳˣͨѧҪࡣ
Ϊ̳ǣ϶Щɷ߲ܽ룬ѧҪȻܴ󣬷ͨߣֻǶЩְҵѣڴ˻ɷ˵С˺ܶࡣ
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ѧļ۸ַüͷȴ΢΢һ壬Щѧļ۸̫ˡ
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ǿ߻ǿߣķ˾޴ѪѧȻҪȡ߰Ĺѫ㣬Ҳ޿ɺǣһЩѧĴΪԭȥЩȥѧôҪȡ߰Ĺѫ㣿
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Ȼַйѫ㣬ȴ˷ѣһǧѫһ꣬ôѫɾˣøֱõϲС
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ϴεĲʹѵǿΪǰָǰиΣϴεıˡ

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ҲнܣһַǳǿޣƤͬʯһ㣬ǳļӲҶǷǳѲޡ
ҪǣȻûпµĻָҲûвԣȴӵСءܹڼ̵ʱھڵһͨ
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ַѾЩˣѩ֮ǰȻϵУпܻ¹ϵսѩһʱ֮Ȼ޷ͻ
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ӵصһӿĴޣ飬ͨһֱ굽˻ڣȻضơɽؼʱ֧ԮǣʹϹϴ˳֣ȶס˾档
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ֻϧ½ΰָӣҲȰסˣԲһɽϻصĲҰܡ


146 Ϊ
ַɽϻأǰʱ䣬ÿ춼ɽϻصʮ֧˽жʮ֧ʧ˴ӳûзǿߡ
ַÿõ֧ʱΪӳֻǴȴἤңֵ֧࣬Ǿáս˭Ϊӳ
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Ȼʱ䣬ַֻôһȴѸٵĽʮ֧ӵȨץУһλӳҲǹĿ࿴
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ΪζƽӹƽӹΣյǰ߻أǡǡԭ
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ˣʱ̶š𾢡һҲÿʱÿ̶ţȵɱܹ
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սϺɱ죬ַҲͣһʮһλǿߣҪͨ޾ƻж
սϣзǿ߶ҪԸЩ֮ЩҪģֻҪЩͨȻͻȥ
Ǳͨ޾סˣǿɾ͵òʧ˵п뵽޷ΧУ߶
ɱ
˭û뵽һȥǳѩⳡսŮˣ˵׶Ϊⳡս󣬲ʤΣѩᱻ߷ͥ
ڳѩһǿߣɽϻصĴӳ¸ұ֣Ҳἤߡ
ɱ
ַ岻ܳѩôģѾѡĿ꣬ͷޣͷرǿӦȺеǿߡ
ַ͵ڿնֱ󷽵Щ֮ͬʱǿҲ׷׷ʱսͨ޵Χ
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ȴûƤӲצӷѸٵڳһĵͨȴ޷С
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ٶȣ˵ЩˣЩǿߣֻҪûоٶ츳Ȳַٶȡ
ͷ֮ǻҲܸߣַġ˼ȻҪսͷ
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156 
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һúϻİ취ԸˣЩ֮ǻ۲͡
ɡ
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157 
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ղŶͷ֣֮һһˣսʵأ⣬ַ弸Ѿʩչȫʵ
ղŶ֮Чϼ֮ǣܹشһͷ֮ĵϼ֮ǣֱܹӺɱһͷ֮
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ȫͬȫƤӲġԵֵǿĳ
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158 
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170 ںı仯
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תۼ䣬Ⱥ֮ɢˣĴɢսһƬǽ壬ַһ˲ɱ˶ʮһͷ֮
սǷǳֲģʮһͷ֮Ī׵˼ûַһɱöࡣ
ʮһͷ֮õĹѫ105㣬ָӣҲʮܹһٹѫ㡣
Ǵջַ廹Ī׵ˣо޴ջ
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ȷûϺЩ޵׷ʲô
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İɣ֮ҺҿƣٶĵޣҲɲʲôвҲԼЦһᾡ
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ڣĪֲԸ⣬ȴҲԸַȥΣյĵصðգĪ׻Ǻеġ
Ϊȥص̽޵ıʣַȻܾĪףϾĪҲɷߣʵǺǿģĪ׸ţҲܸӵİȫ
ַοȥѰһں壬ϵںܣַܣΪֹ˭ûи߹ȻĪ׸š
Ī֣ĵĲ˰ɣָҲҪһʱ䣬޷Ƶ֮ȥʵҲ𲻵ʲôáİɣһᾡ
ĪЩΣǰѾĵĲ࣬Ե֮ʵҲ𲻵̫ãֻЩЦû뵽ɷߣȻҲˡ׸
ȻִֵַˣҾͲˡʱ䣬ֵַܻûгһԴȥصףֵַա
ַ룬ʱҲ㹻Ѱҵںˣǵ˵ͷУҾڻ
˵꣬һԾ˵ͨ


171 ʹ

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ܿ죬͵СͻǱ㽫ɨøɸɾַſﲻǵ壬ӦһҷɴһδӴɴ
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179 
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182 ջ
ַڷصʱʵҲഩԼޣǴ޻ߵޣַ޶ãûз֡
ˣַķ֮·쳣˳ܿͨͨ˵档
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أȻô鵽ȫᱳԭ𣿡
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188 
ܣ㶼ȫĲͬѰôҲ̫
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ַЩ㶣ΪǰѾкܳʱˣûһۣи֧ߣ˭Ҳ˵˭
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ҲһյԴͷǴӾλʥߴġľλʥߺ˼һ㲻ķչˣȴǸ⣬һʲôԭ򡣵漰һֵϢ٣Ҳ޷ЧϢ
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ʱʹɷһͻƵɷףٶȲ˵ߣǰ޹ˡȻһע⣬ַҲûа취
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ֵַܣҵߣȡĲźδƻȥѧԺҪץסᰡѭԼģȡˣһҪȡʵĳɾͣ㻹ʲô
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189 س
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190 
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191 
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īҲҧ촽黹ȽϸӡַͱСˣȻѾɷףֱ˼顣
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192 ͨ
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ģַ˭ڼѧԺкܶᡣţϣ㣬һܹ


193 ˵
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㹻ˣѾ˻ֲܵľӴƻһ𣬱ոµһҳ
ҲӦýҿոµһҳˡ

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ˣ߿ֱӽ룬һЩ߲㡢ߵȵȣҪ֤ܹ롣
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окԼˣΪƽԭ򣬾ַʲôⶼԼҵһַ̣ʵԽǿλԽߣӰԽԼҾԽǲ
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195 սϵͳ
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196 һλ
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ҲһЩΪԭ򣬱ʵǿʤȽ٣ǿĶ֡
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ϵͳĻ£в߶һݣæ¼ƽȫȫĿκһ߶ġ

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197 ̭
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ʵλʥѾ½żǿжϳЩͬһʱͬһǷֱͬ
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ϳ̾һʥߵĿַЩĻϡ
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198 ʤ
߶ʤʮ𣿿С߰
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̫˵ϵͳὫȽǿ߶£ҲȽ鷳
ǣַҲ׼ӿٶˡ

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ݣ
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ؿ˵ţ·šֺšᣬʵؿһ㶼ᣬ͡
СϰǴɱ֮йһκڰĵͶɢˣǶκڰ
ؿ˵ʵǿڼ뵽ɢ˺βμȫҲ봳ǰַʱѾʤ
û뵽ڵĳͱ̭ˡ
ǿݣѵݣ
ؿ˼ʶ㣬ַʩչѧ
ݣôǿ
ؿ˲ʵַ֪ܶһݵı֮٣ǳϰɹ
ϰɹˣȻҲ޷һλɷɱղؿȫǱѹ֮ûУⲻ
ؿҲ֪̭ߵ˭ˣĶĻţȻԷܹ̭ԼǾһܹǰһ١
Ҫϸ̭ʲôˣ

սϵͳڣַüͷѾʤˣôоһһ
ϵͳ䣬ǽˡӡרŷһЩȽǿߡ
ַҡҡͷȵ˵ٴα仯ִֵ֮УܵǸ¥
ĶѾˣһɷ׵ߣַʱܽš
ݣ
ַҡҡͷֱһ֣ݰŶ˲̮һ˿֮ûУֱӾͱ̭ˡ
ˣѵҽսʤǿߣϵͳжұȽǿҲѡֵĴˣ
ַϵͳԲ䣬һ㶼һЩӡ
ԽǿӣǱȽĶַ֣ͨʤǿߣ춨ѡ֡ĵλ
ԣ߾ͱȽˡ
ȻַֻĲ²⣬Ĳ²ڵĳ峡ȵȳΣѾõ֤
ַɷߵֶҲȽˣЩɷ۷ߵʵҲһֱ۵˽⡣
仰˵Ѿʧȥ١۲족Ȥ
ˣ漸սַ弸ɱһ·ɱ
߳ڰ˳ھųʮ
ÿһζַ֣սʱ䶼ûгʮ룬ַʩչҲԽԽǰϰʵսкܴĲ
ʩչҲԽԽӦ֣ʱ뵽ݵУֻҪݻû̮С
ַû뵽֮ϲսиƵʩչݡ
ַʤĲӣҲȲ
ʤʮʤʮʤʮ
ڣֵַһʾǰоʮλ


199 
쿴ѧǰ٣λоʮλ
ѧǼѧԺߣôͳǰ٣ѧʵ϶ܹһ
ѧս˧ÿһζһȭ֣̫ǿˡ
ѧԺҲǰʱüѧԺһ
ҲɵһЦһߵ˵Ҵǰǳ¡ٶȿ죬ǿȴгԵġҴһܹȲǰվ벻ǰʮҲ϶ǰʮ֮У
ȷԺĴ磬Ľȫۼȫɷߣܹλǰ٣Ѿǲ˼ĳɾˡ
Ҳ˵ͷϲѧˡ
ԱߵͬҲЦ˵ѧô㣬ԺѧҲ
Ѿ׼ƻˣһ꣬¾ܼ
鲻Ц˵
ʲôѧҲҪƻˣǹϲѧѧһƻɣ
ȴЩĲɣĻƺѰʲôȴʼûҵǸϤ֣ûпǣҵӰ
ͬѯʣ˵ͷǾףѧճɹƻ
ԭܵ⣬ôͿҪƻˣѧԺǱȽϳɫˣĲɣƵףغȴܲζ
֪ʲôַ֣
ߣַ岻մƻʱ䣬µһͱ̭ˣôλǰ٣
ЩҲûбֳϲȻðĹȥԼ֤˭Ÿʺ
¶ҪŬʱȻһĶĻԱߵͬҲʧɫãѧ˳ˣеھʮи³ֵ֡
ʲô
һʱ޴Ļϣھʮλôһַ֡壡
׻˶סˡ
ôܣַ岻ǲŴƻʱ䣬һ꣬μȫҲǸ͵ĽɫʶʶǸڻҡ
ôһӳǰ٣ѹĿһĴ裬ôܣַôܱĴ绹ǿ
һ̣ˣոս˲˻Σܱȵϴ綼Ȳϣôȵϱȴ绹ǿַ壿
ַ岻ܱȴ绹Ҫǿֻһʱ⣬һѹַ壡
΢ĲҪǿ򶨶޷
ַʱȴǷĵϲһʱҵַս档
ǰĲߣս档Ļϵַ壬ƺǰкһˣɫûô԰ˣȴø䡣
ȴֺϤĸоĻеַ壬ԺеĻ䣬·ӰҲڽصΪһ塣
ĻϵǰΣÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯ǰʮԺλãʱ̶ڱ䶯ţЩ˸ոջǰһͱȥ
ַĳ֣ȴһЩע⣬ΪַʮλΪȶ
ǵģȶַʤʮκζ֣ͳͳһл֣ܶսʱûг롣
ʤҲѸٵߡ
ʮһʮʮʮ峡
תۼ䣬ַȲʮʤҲӾʮһ·˰ʮʮ
СʮַȲʵ̫ټˣЩܸߵߣ϶Ǻ֮ǰˣռƣҪʵ̫̫ѡ
ַֻΣһֱȲ
Сӣǳϰ
Уʮһ۾ţǼȴ޷ε¶һ˿΢ЦܵĿһߵϹ
ϹƲƲʮһʲôַСֵҲĵӡ
ϹĽɣַ䲻ҵĵӣȴȹӷǸǻȻɱַ壬Ҷò񫣬Ӧһ١
⵹Ҳǣ޵ȭʥ۹ðһʼ͹עַ壬ҲʥߴȥʯǾַİɣ
Ϲƺº˽⡣
ǵȻʥߴ˵۹ôܱȵģСӲݣƺ־رǿҲ֪ʲô취ݵһ£ֱң޿赲
ϹһԶīҡҡͷȷܲ򵥣ɷףѧˣСӵȷ뷨ֻǿϧīһٳ˵ĺ£Сӻ飬ߣѵҼīͲˣ
ϹҲ˼ýСֵպǰ;ԶȻѭԼģϲϲϲǲϲΥģ֮·ɾͲô˳ˡҿɾ㣬ʲôԽ
˵ʮһıҲüΪࡣ
˰ɣѵҲôСֵܣ
ǵȻŰɣҾǰʮӦû⣬ܳһһСҰĴأԭôһУһֱû
ʮһЦе˵ıжôˡ


200 
ַͻҲ˵ע⣬Ͼַһ·Ӿʮ˰ʮǿʵʵʤξġ
ַɣҼǵиеӢ۾ͽַ壬ˣ
ӦǣҿƵַ岻Ǹոմƻôʵôǿˣǰ١
ǿݣⱾѧҲǳҲû˿µɣ
̫ǿˣֱɱǶɷߣҲֱѹѹ
ԽԽ˹עַ壬Ҳַ֪ݣԼʩչݡһʱ䣬˶ѯôǿ
Щݣ߶˽ߣҲƣôôǿ
ɷߣھǧŰپʮ˿Ȼûκεֿ֮⻹ݣ
ôǿϰҲһϰġ
ˣ˶Σ֪νַ͡ʩչĵȷݣȴͨݲһ
˿λʥῴ
Ҳעַ壬Ц޵ȭʥʵҪСһɣܽӳܲľ־ǿôǿľ־ٴĥ꣬¶ԾǨ̤ûʲô⡣
ʥߵ۹䶾Ȼһ۾ͿַݵʵΪ־̫ǿԲܹǿסݣɢӶӳǿ
޵ȭʥȴһЦϣСһɲǲô򵥣֪ƻŶ೤ʱ䣿
೤ʱ䣿һɣǰ䷢Ӣѫ£Ǿ˶ͬ˵ġ
ʵҲǲ̫ˣϾһɷߣôܿȥעΪϴ޵ȭʥҪӡϲַ塣
ٺ٣ַСһɲһ㣬ҼǵúƻڣҲŽӽŸµʱˡ
Ÿ£ûһꣿ
Щ졣
ʥ߽ʵַﵽɷ˰ɣǱѧԺĶʤõʱ仹Ҫˣ
Ծλʥߵ۹⣬ȻַܿѾﵽɷףֻ˲Ÿµʱ䣬ҲЩȡ
ϾϵĿǰɷһ׵ɷףʱ̵ѧԺĶʤҲһµʱ䡣
˹ʥҲЩĽ˵޵У治ǰжʤһַ壬ôŶѧԺȥˣ±ʥ߸ż˰ɣ
ʥ˵ʤҲˣѾǳߣϣΪʥߡַɷߣ̤񾳶δ֪붫ʤȣ
ʥߣɾͲ֪ˣʤȻţַҲٺ٣ǴΣҾСܹõһ
޵ȭʥЦе˵
ģϴδˣˣڶûаѶҡ
޵ȭʥʱɫ΢죬Ϊ˺Ҳϲģʮľ䣬ڳλʥߣû˶Ӯ޵ȭʥΡ
ڴĵĶ޵ȭʥһˣ˵޵ȭʥǡԡҲΪ
ٺ٣βһ
ʱʥҲЦ˵ôСһܲܲǴżܸһЩϲ
ʥҲ΢΢ͷ
ʥַۣ֮ɲ֪ɱʤͷ
ʤʮʤʮһʤʮ
ַٶȿôʵ죬ǳȶǿߣһЩȽߣһʤ
ͷǳˣ߶ַĵϸ
ַҲѹķʽһ·Ӱʮ˲ʮһӿԽʮ
Ѿ˶ԣַлǰʮлǰ
Ǻһƥĺ
ַսĻҲҡҡͷķڷ
ؿҲϳַ壬Ȼǽ̭ˡԸǰٵʵַı֣ҲĲԩ
ַǰʮʵǿ
ַ岻ֳô𣬶ȫĹǰҲ˲ˡЩתĵ̨С϶ѡʱͻһЩԵѡ
һЩרҡˡԱȵȣʼַսҽַϸݹ˳
һַ̣Զʱӻ𱬣ȫĿ
Ӣѫ»ߡȫĺǵģѾ˽ĺַˣַҲݣһ·ȶǰ˶ӹעַ塣
ȻַĸĸöڵϿַˡ
ĸЩȻַָֹ̲ͨˣַڲμȫʱôͨ
ȻַһӳȫָĸܾȣǳοҲǳĽ
ȫֱַҪĴԺ֮ˣɱ뵽ǰʮ֮УǺεȵ
һܽǰʮһܣ
ָĸҲַµΡ


201 Ծ
ৣ
ĪҲ̭ˣֻʤ˶ʮೡÿһǿսȴùʮһİ
뵽Īоһ˿âֱ̫ˣóǻþѧĳЩѧҲлþġ
߷ǳ£־ᶨʵǿһʩչþֵסĻ׸ˡ
Ī׾Ǳ뵽˻þУܾĥ󱻰һȭ˽ᡣ
þеʹ࣬̾ڼʱڸ޷ҲΪˣ㱻̭ˣ뿪սϵͳܸоʹࡣ
ʵȫԲ뵽þк̾ͿɱԷȴϲݶֵľ񣬺ϲֱʱʹࡣ
ҲΪˣһЩ˰񣬸ɴ䣬ûս
Īױ̭ȻַӰַڽҲܾȡȻַɽչֳ˲ѷɫɷߵʵϾɷס
ڣַȻѾһƥ
ţôǰ񣿡
Ī׻ڹעַ壬û뵽ַһ־Ȼǰ뵽ĿֲĪҧгݣҲ޿κΡ
ֵַܣϣ㲻Ҫ̫ܵʹࡣ
ĪҡҡͷҲް񣬵°񣬶ԷĻþѾһ˿ѺֻۣҪٶϰĪʮɵʵһ붼Ӳ
ַսʤ
Ī׸ûĻþѧֲ̫ˣûκζ֡
ʣһս̾ͳһֶսĹؼΣ˶Ŀһϡ
ַĺһ·ʮʮһϰĻþѧɱΡ
˫棬һ棡
ڴҲ˵ǡ
üͷ壬֪ģҲȽϹעʵϰĻþѧֱû˷ʤ֪ʲôʱ˻þ
ЩԼ㵸ࡣ
Щַ壬ֵסĻþѧ
Ѿû֮ǰɣ֮ΪĴ磬ͱ̭ˣַȴҡֱϣԺ֮ˣһ·ʮ
Ը⿴һĻǵķǰ
ǵɫɫԼ֮ǰôĿЦַȣֱǳ˵Ρ
Щ뿪ˡ
˵꣬뿪ˡ
˼ջ΢΢һ̾˼᲻֪һֱǵӰ֮ȥҲװˡ
ȥӰȫĻȣΪַ弴ս֮ײѸ
ݲȫͳƣȫнӽ˳ɵտȫˣһֲ֣
˭ֻҪⳡгɫı֣ܵȫע֮ĸֺô
֮һĿɲǰʮǰʮǰ
Ҫֳ㹻ɫ츳Ҫ֤뿪˰׼ң츳ߣ
ɢ˵ߣʵϣ׼ȴպգǲеһӴҡ׼һλ򣬼ڶ࣬һʼôӰ
ѳ˰׼ңɢˣһλߵʶӴˣ׼Ʋ֮ǰ˰׼ҵˣ׸硣
ûǡŰɱ׸磬˵оð׼Һ֮ǣȴеܳ죬Լ齥ԲˣþɣڶԾǨ̤񾳣
ַ壿
һ㶼⣬ûӹַƥ
սϵͳڶַҲûмŶ֡Ǹ֣Ȼ֪սϵͳڣս˫ܻöԷս
ʣսַӳɫ
Ļþѧǿ
ַ嵭˵û̾Ͷ֣ѵһɷߡ
ʩչݰɣǲ֪þݻܲʩչ
Ҳƽ˵һ£һߣǹŴӸһֻЩ
ôᣬмͥɣɸܵ˱ѣĸܣ
񻺻ǰһĲʩչĻþѧˣǷǳһѧ
õ˿ʲô˾ܹʲôӶ뵽þ֮УȫԶϵ㡣
ĻþȫѾԲˬûκֵܹҲŵԭ
ַߣܶ࣬ͥҪˣΪַͥ
ԲиղŰ˵һ仰Ϊ˺ַ飬ҵַ
ԼĻþѧǳţˣǻ¶һ˿Цݣ͵ַڻþˡ


202 ʧ
ַֻоһɹסȫԺڵľ֮һתƺʲôˣ鲼Ժַ徫һ
ûʲôо
ַЩĿŰ񣬰΢ЦţôűЩΣ
ȷЩΣַǼͥôַͥûã
ǣ˿ַ壬йϲ𣿡
ϲˣ
ַԺҲ˶ѡɫͨ죬ĸˣַûκθо
ǹˮ
ַЩɰڿЦˡ
ôܣ㲻ûκô᲻þ
ɫЩΣᵽͥϲ˵ȵȴʻʱַıб仯˵ַȱݵġ
ȱݵ飬Ϻ뵽ĻþУôַû뵽þ
ò˼飬ȫ޷⡣
ŶĻþ
ַҡҡͷʵѾˣνþʵ飬оػþʲô
Ծãڵַλʥ߶ҪǿϾϵµľ֮
Űַ岢ûж֣Ҳûһʱ䣬սˣԼӻǰտֱˣЩԡ
ڸʲôô֣
лþѧôûʩչ
ѵ˫мɵηηβ
߶Щ۵һЩȴߣȻʵһǿʶȴһܹ㡣
ԱͷƣѾˣʩչ˻þѧƺַ岻á
þѧȷƣǾͲֵһᡣ
ʮһҡҡͷں˵ַЩģڿַľ־лҪǿ
ȻĻþֱӣöǿľ־
ãôǿľ־ӰĻþַСֵ̤Ӧû̫⡣
Ϲ˴֣Ҳ˷ܡ
߶ǾԵ޷ԾǨַȴ෴ǿԶһҪǿöࡣ
ҪԾǨҲôףΪǴϵս壬Ҫľ͵úǿ޷Ծǿʹս顣
ַľԶԶûдﵽԾǨĵزǻԵˣϾԾǨҲ޷޳ս塣
ڵľֵĻþѧȴ׾ˡ
ܣҲôҵĻþڤۣ֮
ıЩˣ޷ĴԼĻþѧΪţַܹӡ
ˣûκαȫͬʱĶͷȻѿһֱɢʻɫâ۾
ֻ۾ţַоԺеľ֮򼱾תͷųľסԺ
츳
ַЩԾﻹܲףѵ츳Ǿ츳
츳ǳټ
һ־츳þѧ°빦ǳףѹֱѡϰþѧһþ軹ôߡ
ַ˾֮֮ǰַľ־ҲѵֵסĻþ
ʩչ˻ڤۣ֮λʥ߶һ˿Ȥ
Ԫһʥߣɢ˵˰ɣȻ˻þ츳ǲ
Ҳ̾
Ԫһʥߵ˵ͷɢ˵ˣֻϧΪ׼ҵ£һЩȱݡȱݣ̤񾳶ѡ
񾳵Ļþ߰ȷټ£ɢ˴Ҳ̩ʥҲǺʵĻᡣ
ҲԸˣеߣһλʥߣӵгߵλͬʱҲ뾡һа취ʵһЩ棬ô⡣
ֻһɷߣܹɳΪߣպԸЩޣֱһ
þڶԸǻ۵ʥʱʵ̫ռˡ
̩ʥҲ˵ͷȻ϶ô˵ˣͷҾһ°׼ңԴΪأϣСһֲܹϵȱݡ
֮ãȴСһлл̩ʥˡ
ԪһʥҲܸˣϾɢ˵ţɢպܹһλ񾳻þߣǶɢ˵Ҳһ¡
ҿַСһȴ˲ðʩչ侫츳ȴ޷ַ뵽þУСһľ־ǳ
޵ȭʥȴַ壬ʥҲ˵ͷַȷ˭ܹڰ˿ֲĻþʯġ
ôһöûУ
ʩչ˻ڤۣ֮ȴַɣǶַûκá
Ļþûãˣ
ַ忴ŰԽԽ԰׵ɫҡҡͷЩʧ
ʶһ°Ļþ棬ڿĻþǰöûУʵ̫ʧˡ
ȻĻþʧܣַҲͲˣֵˡ
ݣ
ۼݣ˲㽫˽ȥ
ǻþߣȻûбԻ󣬵ݰס̺ܵĿֲ֪һˡ
̮
ַ廰£ۼ˲̮Ӱ֮ҷ𣬻Ϊҽ
ĻϵʧַҲһʮλ
һԾַʤ̭


203 ǰʮ
ৣ
۾ܺһЩãȻʧߣǶǱ̭ߣҲеһԱˡ
ҾȻ̭ˡ
Щɬոַ̮һɲǣоʹʵģսϵͳҲͬģʹࡣ
ĸоԼ˲ҷ־ҵʹֱ裬ʱ̣ܶȴһӶ
Щ뵽þеߣҲʹ࣬ʹࡣ
ַ塭
񿴵ĻϵǵӰַ̭壬һøûκвߣȴˣܵôǱôķ̡
˿ƺ󵽣׼ҵȺЦ
һܵɣһܵ⣬⳰Цҵʧܣ
սȭͷܽʧܣܽκδ޷̰׼˳Цӣ޷ڰ׼ǰӡ
ڣⳡȫֱ׼Ҳһڿ൱ڰ׼ǰܣ񱻰׼һ
սȭͷĶЩŤ
йעɢ˵ߣһЩߣҡҡͷǶܿʵкܴȱݣȱݾǰ׼ң
߲޷ֲȱݣһҲԾǨ

ַ˰񣬳ʵ
Ǵʱ߸ϣһʼλеһĸҲע⵽ַ塣
ÿһλսϵͳߣҲȫ˽෴ǶǰҲܿ
ȻλеһʵϹעȴûж٣ΪͣʥѧԺߣѧԺĶʤѧԺ½ܡ
ǵѧԺš
ʱգ˵ͶʤˣǺ½ȣҲԶԶ硣½ʮǰڶԾǨɾ񾳣ʤǰԾǨ˳񾳡
أȴͣɷֹǰڣȴҪЩʮɷΣĸĸԣһ裡
ȻһֱͣɷʵȷǿһֱλеһڶбȽϴĲࡣ
ַȲѾԽԽƽǰʮиܵһЩвĽ㲻綫ʤ½Щǰκˡ
ַ岢֪Ѿע⵽ˣڻ˰һλλʮλߣʵȻɷף˭ַһ֮У
ˣַ弸ÿսʤһߣͻһ㣬ǰʮʵ඼СЩֻһĲࡣ
һʼڣַ嶼ʩչݣսپʵҲֻʵսϵͳΪֻҪսʤ֣һ˲ָ
ʵսУַɲô޼ɵʩչݣǻģǸʱƴľǶɾãԼ־ԣһЩ츳
˵սϵͳʵսʵһ𣬵𲢲
Ҫַһʩչݣսϵͳֵסʵεֵ
ʮʮĳʮ峡
ַȲʮʱѾλеʮˣ
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ͬӵʮڶ඼ȽСΨһѾʤʮ˳ˣȽϴ

ַȻע⵽ʱһĸַһҲû֣ȻҲΪûʲôĶַ֡ȴ˰񣬱ʵǰʮǰʮʵ
ڴ󲿷˶עַ壬뿴ַƥĺܹڵʲô̶ȣ
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ܶ˶ڹעַ壬ַһһԷǳȶٶǰҲȲһַ֧ߡ
ʮʮ˳ʮʮ
˶ˣתۼַѾʤʮʵϣʮѾʹַ˵ڶλá
ʱĵһѾʤʮһͲʮһַ׷ϵٶҲþˡ


204 
׷ô죿ҵüӿٶˣܱһСȥ
Ȼַڴʱ򣬺ʣַѾλá
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205 ֻһ
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ЩԸԸǶ޷ıѾȫߵʵˡ
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Ҳбףѧﵽͬ޵УУսʤʵҲһùأ½ʤ½̤񾳣˫ѾһΣǿܱȵˣ
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206 
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ĵõһֵλݣֱǿ߶ѷɫ
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ҪԸһλǿߣ̸ףԼҶּҽּͣҸͲ̸Լʲô̸ģżԼҡ
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ԴϴַʯðӷϾʹ𡣺һ֣ʹɡ
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ԪһʥҲɫһȻ֪ϵ˼ʲô
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࣬ڴ壬ʲô
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˵꣬±۾ףַĴȽΣգγֲһ߱ؾ·
ĶʤԼţĥ³ɳģʥܸһȴ޷ʱ̰ǡ
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ʵַʽ֮ǰ̭ķʽƽһǿǰأԭԵõڶģҲǵ
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ַ忴Ŷ˷磬Ҳһ֪˶ԷĿġ
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㶴ϤĻַܻˣվǰʮλõĿܾˣ˷硣


208 㣿
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˿ַڵľǧŰپʮ˿ȴһ˲䱬ը


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ĵ𺳣˶ŵĻĿɿڴ
ߵʵǵȲεƻԶԶһЩݣרǿеݴҪ𺳵öࡣ
ĻڱúܰһǾ׵ӲӲ˭ʤߣ


209 һǸϲȭͷ
Ļڣ׷ԲһƬǽ塣
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սϵͳԻطţˣתкܶϾлطšͨطţǿĿַһȭ̺Ŷôµ
ҲǿֱֲӾͽ˷飬һֿ֮ûУȫѹʵУղһȭ˷ܾͱ򱬳һѪˡ
һ̣ǺǻʵĶߣַһ·Ĳݣʵ
ЩԭĽ˷磬Щںûзַġ㡱ߣʱҲĿɿڴ֮ɫ
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ûݣַҲֲɷ֮һ

ַ֮ǿ˷ҲӵоǧŰپʮ˿ôô󣿱һ´򱬣˼顣
ǵȻ츳㿴ַϵףನϣһöûУַѵ츳ǿ
һַǰеսƵڶ˵޵ȭʥľű壬û´Ļһڼű壬
Ǻܹսλõģַֻˣ
˷ˣַʤˣһԾԵѹ˷磬˶ķڷ
ַȱ㣿ǸЦеЦˣû˻ַνġȱ㡱ˣûݣַɲһɷġ
ַսʤ֣Ҳܿ˽
ասʤ˶ֻ֣ŷݼ֮սŷݼʤ
ҲϷӦ̭ʵǱȽϿ׵ģ϶ߵʤˡŷݼͣȴսʤ˶֣Ҳ˵ͺܽӽһһʵҲû̫Ĳࡣ
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ȷַ御֮ǰһȭ˷磬ֵĺܱȨĻ϶ԸַԸݡ
ֻѡ񿪷ʽսַܱܿݡ
ҡҡͷʵ֪ԼĶ֣ǿʽսҶûκʤ㡣
˶ܾ棬ѵҪ䣿ֺ񲻻䡣
ǷѧҾѵ츳ҲǷʵģԺľҵķټڵκι
ҿݺҲΪˡԣҲĶ֣һһ£ݾжǿ֪֮Ĳ࣡
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210 ۷Ծ
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ѧα仯ܸıʵһ֡͡
ʽΪֻһǷѧǹѧֻٶѧֻΪѧĲͬӶص㲻ͬҲͬͬ
ַսʵҲһһ֡
Ծѧһ츳³ɫƬһۼףһͷһ
ҲǴ츳ַֻײôġءʵߣѳһЩϡŹֵ츳
ɣҸһݣ
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ַƽǰһۼݳˣһΣַԸھǧŰپʮ˿ȫ뵽֮С
ַľԣƿؾǧ˿ںϵݣȻ׾١
׾پͽˣҴҲûоҵķԭۼԻЧ
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ڹ㳡۾ᵽˣҲܵˣ̮ʱǹΰ·ûʲôֵܹס̮
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Щãû˻ʵϾ̭׶ξܹλеĽַ֪γǩ˵Σ
ǩܿ쿪ʼַȳ顣
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վַĶ棬ǸŮˣҳ˳ζһͷԺ˶ԵӢ
ȴ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵㿴棬жڹעҺ֮սǶڴ͸֮սҷ˳С
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ܴ㣬ҾͲ˵ôˡܹõѾˣңᣬ͸ᡣȻעǳУҿɲﶪ䣡ϣһ˵ţȫᵱ֮ĵһԣǧҪʧ
˵꣬յӰʧˣϵ䡣
䣿˼Ӧòʧ
ַһЦȻ׸յ˼õһվҲֻǶȫһ䡣
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յ䣬ûʲôƲʵַ壬˸⣬˭ַĶ֣
ַѾʵ֤пܻһڵ׵ĺˣûκεĽңߵڣȫƾǿʵ
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ַһڵףǸһŵϣ
һ̣˵۶СǶȫעĶĻڣַ۷Ծ
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211 ޻ָ
ৣ
ˣһʽս˵ҲǼɵַݣҺַӲ
ֲôһǧѷĻᣬѾʧȥ˳Ϊ񾳵ˣһõδȵһƾŷĽԼȫһģ˵ܹԾǨ
ˣһڱصã
ͬڵһڱصõĻַ壬ֶڶ࣬ҲסԷˣͺúһս

ַ͵ȥӰѸٵ׷š
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ַ壬һɲҲΪȫֻĿŸϡ

˸ŷ֮ɫַʵǿΣ츳ΣΣսУʤĽֻһɲǵʱ䶼Ѿ㹻ˣ
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ףַױǿһѶָ̻׼˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳ֪ΨһʤĻᣬ᲻ȫԸ
ˣҲѿˣѣַط˲ƿ
ַһķϾʷǳǿԸı뻹ϵַϣǿεֵ
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ˣûгΪһѪ⣬ܺңĲҲãۿɼٶѸٵĻָš
ܣⲻܡ
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ַжңԴɣȥǺõģ岿Ѿûˡɲ֣Ҳǧٿף顣
ƣǿҲ죬ֻܵ
ַȴΪʵģԭʵҲʹľǿپҵʹҲ޷ιȥ
ʵôصˣַҲٳ֣ʵУԼôصˡˣַһԵĻָޣҲû취ԡ
ܲԲУԼŪİɣһ޷ָĻǲԩ
ȫôȽսϵͳַ廹ôصˣƺֻһԴ
ַָоֻҪԴ飬ĲԾܷãɼӲԼĲԼޡ
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Ҫָôصƣ϶ҪӴȻһ˿ƣԱȴʱѾûһ˿ĸС
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ʧǣ֪ˣ͹ַ壬ݣַĻָ츳ֲܲġڼַķסʯһ˲佫ַɱ˭ַܻ壿
ˣûκλᣬȻ𣬵ʧȥԼûκ˵ַ壬Ѿһʤˡ
ս䣬ַʤ
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212 ռ츳
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˵ͷ츳⼸ʮʱ䣬һֱ뾡취Ҫ츳ʹ츳ǿж̶һӵʱҲãϧҲŽֻͣͺ̵ܶʱ䡣Ӯˣķڷ
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һλܹռ䴩ʵΣ֪еĵλжô˵ɣϵΰÿͿĶԴЩܹռ䴩͸һˣеЩ֣ǷˣֻΪõһ˶ϧ
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213 ʥټ
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214 
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226 
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228 ɽˮ
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ַһֱãںϵ޻Ψ޵ĻǿΪʲôΪⲻԣֱ̫ǿˣô޻ߴ˭ܹӵĲԣ
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230 
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ǵȷһѣͬʱҲпһĻԵܹЩƼͬĻˣԸ޾׶ˡɾڴʱӲС
ǿɶЩۼǣƣǾŴʥߣκһλֶ׻ǳѡ
ԪһʥЩʣǾŴʥʵΪۼЩۼҲΪթһʥ뿪Ǿп뿪
ǵĸأܹۼҲɻǵĴȫһѡ
ǰεۼƽ٣ˣŴʥҲͲ뿪ˡ
ȰɣϣʤҪǵĺܹٶһλʥߣǵĴҪúܶˡ
ʥŵĻ۾
ֶѣЩʥߺῴƷƽȴ߸˿вͻ
ʱ̶ڳž޴ѹ
żڵַˣʥߺԪһʥѾʲôϣˡ

ַУ뵽һƬڰУѡ˹ָʶ
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Ȼַ忴ǰһ޴ġֱһɽô޴滹һЩ·˺֣ǳ
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ǣ
ַŴ죬Ϊ޴Ȼķѳһ޴ͨӵ·ת
շѳһȫһģһûκ
ѣ
ַԺһƺץסʲôֺܾûȱʲô
ַԱߣһСʱСʱСʱ
ַ·֪ƣ룬ĶЩǰ͸ģԿһЩڲϵӵתܷѳһ
ѭһֱѣ·ûоͷ
ڤڤУַ˵ʲô
ַ壬ѡ
Ȼַ·˭ںܵĺڰһʧˣת̲ס۾


231 
ַ۾Ĵ˿ȴûзʲôߡ
ַ壬ˣһΪһ˯Ҳˡ
˵¡ֱ̹ӳַԺС
˯˶ã
Ѿʱˡ
ô˵⴦żѾʱˣ
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ƣĺ棬ʱȥڵȫָˣһ̺۶ûУûоһսƵġ
֪뿪ûУڳȥĻ᲻棿
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ַ壬ǧųȥ⴦żһһооķѾЩʵǷƣûɱ֮ǰǲʧġһ뿪˭Ҳܱ֤㻹ôõ
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ԾǨҲ룬̫ˣһͷûС
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ԭΪֻһСӣϸһȴԼشһСӣֱһ޴ġ
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ռޱȾ޴̧ͷϿ׸ߣߣǵ㣬·ҹһ㣬м޴Ĺܵš
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Ȼܵںһľʯʹ͵һСѻ
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һߣ˵򵥵˵ߴоԱϵǳ֮תγʵʵ顣ȻִתϵͳӦԶתĵҲڲ䡣ˣϣֻҪתϵͳ𻵣ϵͳͿһֱת
˼ܻܿ˺ܶ
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תͶѻڵֿѾѻһֿ⡣
棬ǾȻܹǳ֮תΪʵʵ飬̫˼ˡ
ַܳԾĿǰĿƼûʲôоֻΪɷܹתһ
ʵϣʣȴԶԶߴ
ûʲô˼ģǶǳ֮ȷʹ÷νߣȻǳֱ̫ЦˣǵߣڵҲ൱ڼʮϰٿˣʲô
ַĬһʵЩʲôã
ôɴˣ˵ߴǵֿҪ֧šзɴҲҪ飬Ҫǵޣ֮ǰ󣬺棬ʵҪܹ֧ж˰ɣνʵһˣ
ǰѻɽ飬ٿǻԶתתϵͳߣַѾ˾κˡ


232 ϸ
ַ𾪣Ĭ
ﻹܲףʵߴˣĿǰҲߴˡ
ȷӦоȴӦýת飬ϵ⴦żķвʥߣǿŴĶѻô
޾ɱʥҲʲô
ҲпƼƣеĿƼܹԸϵΰ
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ǰô飬㹻ַ۳κսˣǰܹԾǨ
ԾǨôף
ַƻڣҲһʱˣһʱٴδƻԾǨٶʵ̫ˣַԼﶼûס
οַҲֻһķˣһ˿նûСŬԾǨȥҲ
ˣ
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Ҳ״ַ塰ðա˼
ȻǻǱоһԾǨ⣬һЩջ񣬸ο֮ǰַѾ˷
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ַĸ츳츳츳ʯ츳֮츳Լ츳
ֵ츳ʵǻͷŵַھЩ츳Ϊ۲ı仯ͼŪİء
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Ҳַصоġʩչ츳ʱᱬһɴ۲ϸȴϸһ˲ͣ൱ϸС
ϸɣϸϷѣ³´лάĻ츳츳Ǽ֮ǵȵȣϸϵı仯
ڸΣϸڲȵȣַ廹ûо
۲ô츳ʵϻһ֣ҲַΪҪ츳ԣ
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ҲַֻܵصˣܹѸٵĻָǲԣ
ַԺз·һ⣬һţץסܾú˵ʲôʱ۾ϸղŹ۲ĲԣϸĲϷѡ
ϸԷѣܵʲô֧ţôٵķѣǿʲô֧ţ
ַԺл֮ǰ˯ʱһƬڰУһſɽһľ޴
Щޱȵ·ָͨӵתַѳһ
ٽϸʱĳϸһԱȣǲϸ
Щѵϸ
ַ𾪣ͬʱԺе·һıɢԺҲԽԽ·Ѱҵĳְء
ϸϵķѣܹԼʶϸϵķѣǻᷢʲô
ַԺͻȻðһͷͷһ֣͸о޷ƣҲ֮ȥ
ޱȵķʹ󵨣Ȳľ볢ԡ
Σգδ֪
ַͲ⣬ͺϤİһȲҪ̳ԡ
ʱַӴľҲûҪеϸѣǽֻһϸ
ֳԣν󵨣ν񣬵ַȴˮˣץסһݣ˭Ҳ޷ֹ
ѣ
ַͺһӴľ̿һϸʼѣ


233 
ҪһϸѣַǰûиɹѾڳˡӴľһشһݺݵĿһϸ
ѣ
һϸǶôСһҳҪһϸҪӴöַ࣬ľϸѣûκѡ
ǣϸˡ
һššĿš˿šʮš
ַֻǿһϸڣϸȴķţԱݽһϸַͲɡ
ôšĿš˿šʮţǰϸַͻһĳˡôϸѣֻᷢʲô
ַѵϵһϸϸϵķѣַоƺ˺һ㣬ۿɼٶȣѸٵ
ʵ̫ˣϸķѣַȴϲҵˣԾǨַʽ
ԭԾǨķʽһֱ̲ҵ֮С
ַ岻֪ԾǨķʽǲȴǴӲϵõУȻϸо壬ϸѵķʽɵڶԾǨ
ϸΣҲûгʲô׵ĵطַҲԥˣԾǨΪߣ޳սܹǰΣ
ǣַеľסȫϸ
ѣ
䣡
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Ͼַľ֮Ѿһɱ䣬ﵽ˱ɾĵڶ㡣Ǿ㹻ǿַԾǨʽͲܡ
ȻĿʼԾǨˣԾǨʽǡû
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ʵϣÿһ忪ʼԾǨ䷽ʽһûʲôضԾǨʽЩĪԾǨˣЩҪһЩ̼ܹԾǨ
ЩǱо壬ӶԾǨ
ַҲоԼ壬ӶԾǨģַȴϸѵķʽԾǨᵼʲô
ᵼַҪԾǨҪӴöϸϵķѣַҪԽӴô۵սʵҲԽǿ
ս϶ǲ࣬иָͬĲص㣬ͬս壬ҲǷָߵ͵ģʵԾǨķʽ
ַԾǨķʽʺսķʽ۵սҲʺսս壡
жȽϺ
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ʵԴַһδ˻󣬾ͺּĸоˣû뵽ھȻô
ȥһֿ⣬д顣ַ壬סս壬Ϊʺϵս壡
¡ַ̹ԺҲַ壬ڿԾǨϸѣҪǺεȿֲ
ǵߴµô飬ѾһˣַҪٶܹҵ
ǣַҲԥ̱˵һֿ⡣
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ټһֿ飬ȻҲۿɼķʽ˿ַյжôӴ
ȻڲͣϸĹУַҲûսս˵ԾǨʱǿľϸ飬޳ս塣
ַϸϵķѣѾҪַþˣԶţٶȻǳ졣
ַԺ̾͸ֳսĸս壬ÿһս壬εӡַļС
ַҪѡս壬Щսÿһвص㣬ûǿս壬ֻʺϵս壬ˣַѡһʺս塣


234 ϫս
ַԺʮս壬ǱռЩǱԴġûǿս壬ֻʺԼս壬ַεļס仰
ʲôսʺԼ
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ܿ죬ַͷһս壬ϫս塣
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ˣսǿطս壬һܹ𣬷Ļָ죬ɱ
ȻսҲǳǿ
ص㣬ַóϫս壬ʵʺǣַҲԥѡ˳ϫս壬ԺȻֳϫսϸϢ
ǣַ忪ʼڵϸϵ飬ųϫսķʽС顣
һḶ́ÿһϸķѡ飬ҪַþȷҪǿľַǾһ㣬޷˳۳ϫս塣
ַ忪ʼ۳ϫս壬Ҳһͣһǳйɵͣÿһϸ飬ͻһΡ
ԭַֻһ׶ߣϸϵķѡ飬д֧ţҲʼ͡
סססס
תۼ䣬ַͣΪһСˣ
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ַ岻֪ܹߣҲû˼ȥ룬ȫľսϡ
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㣬ַԽϫս۵״̬ǣʮ׵Ӵֱһƣ׾Ͳ˵һֿ⡣
˵ڶֿ⣬ַһƣҲ׽ڶֿ𿪣һֿɢһء
ַһͬˮһ㣬ŵϴ顣
ǣ
ʮסʮסʮסʮס
˰ʮףַѾ̫Ӵˣֱͬʷǰһ㡣
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תۼ䣬ַȻѾһʮסҲҿΪǳ֮ݶܸߺܸߣףҵطҲַܿĿս塣
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ڣϫսﵽ׺ַͣһ֡Բĸо·ڵս壬ѾﵽԲ״̬


235 ԾǨ
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ǿУʵ츳ʵ̫̫ˣЩ൱ĴԾǨ൱ԾǨǿȴѵһԾǨ
һЩ츳ܲС볾ȴԼŬֻܶԵں嫵֮зܽԾǨΪΰ
޳ÿһ壬츳ٲ޵ĿܣǻеΪʺе壬¡̹֪ҲһЩеΪ壿
¡̹ǧ࣬ԸΪɴеػߣʻɴǰѰԵˣҲΪһϣ
ַЩãȻЩ۵ף¡̹һξãַҲȫǿܹﵽĵز
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ǣսϵķӴս忪ʼѸٵССַԭ͡
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ǶԾǨĻ֣ھˣ
ʵϣֻ״Сַ壬ʵҲѾԽ˽
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ѾַĶˣڳߣʥߣַҲҪս֪


236 
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֣н۳һŽԲ򣬺Ȼǻں
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258 
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һ֮УƳ޷
ǳ߱Ϊ֮ԭһʩչʮߣһסҲǱɣ
ַ֮ǰֻɷߣϳɾ͸Ͳʲô֪񾳲εֶѾܲˣڳ񾳣ûмô˽ⳬߵֶΣ
ڣַ˳ߵǿֻ֮һ߾֮ϣ˫ŲԽĺ蹵
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259 ս
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ЩͳͳڵһУȫɣսʿҲãҲãʧȥǾʲôҲǡ
˵µĶƬ֮Уǿ϶ǱɣһλߣҲӶˣ
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ʥߣ벻˭ַܹʥ
ǵһʱҡҡͷ˵ַʥߣԼšԾǨĴԾǨʵ̫ˣǲַܿĵȷȷǶԾǨ
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أ
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260 
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ߣַİһߣ131ߣַҿߵһɲǣ۾ȴ͵һ

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ڣһɳƣе
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ںĳߣһص˶ġΪһλ漣ߣ
ಣ
ɴѸٵĽ˻ڣŴ򿪣һߴӷɴ˳


262 벻
һأ֪ǰλ߶ӭӡ
ɴŴ򿪺󣬴߳һλЩֵߣǻΣãȴɲɴеڶ߳
ѵǰ߾Ǻ᲻Щˣ
ȻǷǿߣȦպΪȴܵ͵˼ݣӰ񶼺
һڵľ񾳶ûмȻ֪ǰǲǺʱ򣬳˺˭һأ
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ֻǣһ˵꣬ȴһǰġƺЦҲЩ䣬һɽһ
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ַ壿
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Ȼ˳
ȫַ壿

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һ϶ôϢǾֻһϢˡ
鵽ֺʧڻһء
ǿʶֺ
ֺʶΣʶΣڻǸϽ߰ɣ㲻Ǿߣ߻ü
һظҡͷЦѱʲôֺ
ַĿںһɨûֺ֪Ͼֺźʧ
벻
ַȻʵ
˭ʲôãûûгߣ˭ǻ
߶ҡҡͷ
ֺҾ
ķɴ뿪ɣضˣοǾˣǵǼػأ˭Ҳ뿪Ҳ뿪
ǰܹ뿪뿪ˣȴû´ﳷ˵Ǿˣֻܼأ֪صĴ
ֺϢҰǽص鷳
ַĿĻˣЩò˰Сʱ¾ܹһˣʱ򣬻һص˶
ǵ鷳㣿
Ȼ˶ţַֻɷߣš˵ɷˣ񾳡񾳣ҲһܹĿǰ鷳οַ塣
ַ壬ֺ֪ϢҲ֪ĵܵܣ㻹ǿ߰ɣֺ֮飬Ҳһϣ¡
ȻȺһɷ˳ɫӵĿַ塣
ţ֪ҶϢңһһʮң
ַӰһգۼ͵ɷǰйӴѹһ˲Ǿ߶еѹ֡


263 ʥ֮µһ
ֻһͨɷߣͻַϱĿֲѹһʱ˵˵ˣɫ͵ͨ졣
ַüͷ΢΢һ壬Ҳ˶ԷҲЩпû뵽ֻͷһЩƾɷ߶ܲˡ
ǣַ˵㶼֪ЩʲôһһʮĶҡ
߿ЩԥʱҲ˲ʲôˡ
ֺ֪һж̽һżֻǣֺһȥأǳ˴鷳ЩˣǴżгֵġҪѰֺǾȥż
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ǸеˣǰھΪּңΪּܹһλǿߡԴַճ󣬶;ˣּѾûôҪˡ
ԣ缴ɷߣҲû֪ͨˣôΣյľҲûкͼ
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οַҪȥʬΪ籨ЩˣǴżǺƶףַȻŹ֮ƣ״ݻ٣


264 
׵Ӵȷ̫𺳣ַͷ·ΪһˣĻ˰ΧȴûκӰ졣
ֻǣһͷĻ˵ȷһ鷳Ǻ޾ԴԴϵӿȻַţǲʲôвȴܹ赲ǰ
ϫսȷǿңݺ޵Уһ·ѹ飬ڶĻˣݻٻ˵ٶЩЧҲЩ͡
ַɴ֣һֻƵϸѸУѸٵıձ˰״СֻһһƬƣѹѹһƬ
䣡
ַֻѸȥһ¾׵ķΧͬĲӬһ߻˶һĶɢ
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еĴԾǨʥߣϵµĴԾǨ
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ѵ¡̹еĵһ͵ڶ


265 ֮
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֮ݺݵĺַսϣҲַһ׵ĳϫս壬ӲĿƼ
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ǻ֮⣬һɲǣַսʧ˰ٷ֮һϸٷ֮һԴַսɣδܵصĴˡ
һΣַȷˣһΪأĳϫս壬óָó˵ϫս壬ǳѡ
֮ǰߣ޷ַĳϫսˡ
ڣԻ֮⣬ַĳϫսܵ˺صˣˣԵˡ
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ַٶȲ죬ͺӴһкԶľ롣
ˣַȫıܣżֻˣ׵ľ룬ȴ롣
ˣ
żڵһ㣬һɹɿµڷĻţַܹоǰżԽԽǿҵв
˰ססס
䣡
ڣǻ֮ⱬˣһεĻ֮⣬ֱǵأʮ֮⳹ױˡ
ԭЩ谵գƺ֮ĹâˣúԶĵطܹʮµĻ֮⡣
ʱʩչ¾Щˣ̫ˣҲ粽С
ǻ֮⣿һʮ
͵̧ͷԶʮ֮⣬ɫúѿ
ʮ֮ⰡҲֵסǷǻһصķ
֪ĻһˣϾѾ赲ܳʱˣûȥ֧Ԯһ赲Щˣ
ʮ֮ȷڻһصķѵλͼż
ֻϧ˭ͼżǳߣʮ֮Ҳ·һ
ǾЩˣȥһؿһϣʱܹš
ֻܱۣܾȥȻһҴˡ
ϣʱһص˻˴ֻһǶˡ


266 
ʮ֮⣬춯أԭЩ谵ն
䣡
֮ݺݵĺַϣôٶȣַӶӲʱַ壬ҲֻѡӲ
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֮еһ˲ϸַһĺۣϸһ˲𣬾ͺԼѪⱻȥһ㡣
Դ޳ս壬ַʵϾתѾǵѪ֮ˣǻ
ÿһѪ˺ÿһѪҲ̺ſµ
һսˣǺѳѪ
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ʮ֮⣬ַսʧأʧ˶ʮϵս壬ټ֮ǰһ֮⣬Ǿʧ˶ʮս塣
Եˣ޷ָֻҲҪַΪ˽żҲǸ˾޴Ĵۡ
ˣ
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ʱѸٱȾѪɫѸٵɢתۼ䷽Բ׵ĵطȫȾѪɫһڼɢ
ѪɲһѪ̺ſֲܶｫȻҲһЩǿ޻߱
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ַ΢΢һɣղȷƴҲçײȥƴ²⣬ôֲĻ֮⣬ôܲҪ
ȻҪǿ϶ͻһĳʱ䣬һʱ䡣ʱ䣬ַĻᡣ
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ߣ
ַûκԥֱһŲȥ˫ͬԲ˾޴һ㣬ݺݵЩΧĻ˲ȥ
תۼ䣬Ҿͱһ٣߳ĻҲļ١
ʵҪԸЩҲûôѣֻҪݻЩ˵ĲңǾ޷ˣ죬Ҳ뿪ż
ؼûܹʮ֮⣬ܹżģַֻųϫս壬ӲܹżݻЩ˵Ĳҡ

ַ岻ҵ飬ܸоЩ֮ľУſµĻ֮⣬һٴַɾ͵üʮ֮ˡѾʧأ볱ϫսܵ޴ˡ
ǣַһץݺݵץסżһţϫս񱬷ټӲĽٺصĴţᱻ˺
꣡
ַ˺һ޴ĿӣѸٵСս壬Ż֮ûһʱż

ڸϵˣϣü
ڰЩˣԭҪʮСʱһСʱˣҲûֺЩ˾ǵһʱϵ˻һء
Ͼ֮ǰǴǰԮһء
֪жܻڣһܱסǣ
ȣһؾλߣϰɷߣǾҲʧһӴ
ಣ
һ˷ɵ˻ҳʱֻҳĲ˻˵ʬ壬ȴյģֻжʮߣҸˡ
սô𣿡
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ֻʣ˶ʮ˵ߣЩȥߣȫӢۣҲȻ𾴣
Ƕʮ߻࿴˿
󣬻һɷ׵ߣЩεĿ˵ˣʲôӢֻۣһȺùôĹͶֲϣĽǰܹ׷ַˣ׬ȡ͡
۾ǰ񾭴ңʶ壬ǾͺпģЩûȥ桰ɱˣ׬ȡˣ
һʱ䣬Ҳеš
ַ壬ǿֱѹЩˣһ·ɱǴż
˵һƬǽսַģʮ֮⣬пǶԸַģ
˾Ųʮ
𾪣һѹЩѲĻˣҲַʲôˣǿʵ
ַпʮ֮⣬ɫ΢һҲЩżЩ˵ַʵǿʮ֮⣬ַεֵ
̫çײˣǿʮ֮⣡ӲҲǱɣΣøϽȥϣоȡ
ת뿪˻һأѸٳżķȥ


267 һϣ
һ·ϣ˴˵ƬһƬǽ壬սǺεȵĲҡ֡ҡƺֻЩˡ
·ûһߵʬ壬ʵ̫Ѱˡ
ѵַʵܹѹһУ
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ַһ·ѹġԾǨǾʵ̫ˡ
һڣԾǨٶȣλʥ߶𾪡
żˣ
Ȼ̧ͷԶǴżż⣬дĻˣмҵս
ףս
ǰмҵսĻΧߡ
ǣˡ
籩磡
Ǳ磬ͺûʲôϵǷ籩ȫǿֲĻ籩
䣡
ŷ籩罵٣ķ籩ɱǷ籩ֵĵطĻȫ籩ɱƬ
Ǻ
ڵˣǵĻᰡż
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ͿžԼһٶɷߣ봳żʵ̫çײˡ
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͸ոʮ֮⣬Ļ˺ֵסҲܵش
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֮ҲòǼٵģϾô߶ۿˡ
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Щһɷߡһ࣬ɷҲԱΧ
Ȼǵһվǿֲս
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ַһжʮһʬ塣ǰ滹ŨѪζǰȥǰ飬ȫʬ塣
мʮʬ壬ַϸЩʬ壬֮ǰڻһеѯʣַĶǲμƱжμƱжϰˡ
Ȼܶʬ嶼˺飬ַϸһһıһаʮʬ壬ȴûһǶʬ塣
ûʬ壬ֿܣһǶʬ屻ٵˣҽû¡
ƺ̫ܣϾôʬ壬ûƫƫʬͳ˻ҽʲôû¡
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268 
ڰĵңܶĻˣֺʱ˵϶Ĺӡ
ᡢֺһĻʮˣͳͳ˹ӣϱһĽס
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ϢÿʥߺԪһʥߺ𾪣ǰҲһЩżõƵϢ
ЩǿʢһʱĹˣ֪ĩ
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277 ʮ׵ս
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278 Դ
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ȫںϻ֮ìû;ֻһĲ֮ìڵԴһź̮ʱȫܹ򣬶պԾǨΪкܴİ
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λʥ߷ֱʥߺʥߣ˶ҡҡͷȻ·ǳϾǴ󽫿϶Ȼ㱨λʥߡ
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ʥ߿˵
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ףʮλʥߵַʥߣ


280 ַʥߣ
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Ȼĳһ죬һڱг֣ԽԽӴӴƬϵĺǡУȻĳˡ
ȻַҲ֪ǲǻþ֮һ쳣貵Ĺâ͵һۣ󽥽γһ
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295 漣ķ
Ԫһʥߣ㿴ҵжûɣ
ʥָĻ˵
ĻĽ棬ʥߺȻָػ̳ڣػ˵ǿ
ԪһҲĶǿɫص˵ַȷĳֹУۣܴޣôǰδ
ǵÿˣһһĴǸͲܴޡصǿӦܹȵʣԲܹޡʵǰǲҲйֻһֱûʵ֣û뵽ַʵˡ
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ʥȴЦԪһ㲻ָ˶Ǵ˽Ǿλʥߣ˭˽ӹõĳֱʥ߷𣿡
ַܹóЩѾ㹻ˣȻֻػڲͨҲ׳ʵοַ岻ѾЩ㹻ʵȵˣַ⣡
ǿַѾΪָ˷ѵǲ뷽跨һЩߵʣʮꡢʮʮ꣬ǿѾˡ
ʥߵԵúܴȣʵǿ͸ġǴΪҵʱһߵĵز̫նġ
Ȼ֪Ҫһһѭ򽥽
Ҷ˽¾ûлȥ̽ʲôˣûԸȥðˡ
Ա˽Щʱ򣬡˽ܹķչ
ʥߣҵЩִԲˡǿһַʥߵػ˷չͷɾͻǳˣԺ󽫻֮ϣ
Ԫһ˿ú׼֪ǿô󲿷߶ˡػ˵ķչƲɵ
ַʥ߽ػڻߵԳɨһƬȫ򡣶ҲڽǣЩûбյߣֱӳͻԪһ˵Ǵǻ۰
ʥƺַ⣬ޡ
ʥߣҿǴǻۣ飬ַ֧ΪʮλʥߣЩַ»һֱǲʧ
ԪһʥߺͿʥ߶Ц

޳ǣ漣ǣŰ׾֡
һŬ漣׷˰׾ҲģʽȷµĹϵ
ȴ˷գ׼Ҳżŵԣż֧漣׷׾ġ׼үҲ漣Ƚ⡣
ȻǰȽ竣ǻӣӻͷ𲻻漣ѾѧԺѧʼרĴżҵ⡣
ڼȴһ£ð׼ҺżҵĹϵȽϽš
޳ǵʹһλʮʹҲѧԺѧ漣ѧ
λѧ֪ôͰ׾ʹ԰׾һЩøУ漣֪󣬻ֳһЦ
漣ȥλʹҲҺʹСǼˣȻ֪漣Ͱ׾మҲûپ׾ˡ
Ϊ¾ôȥˣȴû뵽׼ҵ˸֪ˡ
үӵʸ֮׼ңֱϵϵ׼Ҳֻǰүӵİ׼ҡ
Щ˾ַȰ˵׾ϾһλʹƵǷ⽮պпܳΪߣεȷ⣿
Ա漣ǰһӵܣӣȻˣȴûдƣ㱳żôȵһλʹ
׾ǺܼᶨҪ漣һЩ׼ҵˣȻżңż¶ܲʹ죬Ѿżҵ˾ð׾ԵҲȰ˵漣
׼Һż½ţүӺ漣ĸףȴܼᶨ˶˻ڣҾһº;С
ȻڶˣȴûƽϢżҺͰ׼¶ǰӿǰ׾漣պ϶ᱻҴ
ҲǼ£ð׾漣ƣӦ
׾һºǾҪˣԽԽ࣬ҶԲ㡣
漣ܰ׾öóһЩԼ쿸סˡ
漣ⲻĴ
׾ս˫֣ȻķǳᶨЩҲȷһ̶ϣӰ쵽漣
Ͼ˶ڴУһͣպǶ԰׾Ƕ漣ʵûкô
׾һºĻ׼һˣǸǵ鷳Ͷˡ
漣˭
׾ǰһ˭ô˭޷ƽϢ
˭һ˹ң̶һʱѾ۷ĸǣʵҲӦַ֪塭ӦóƺΪʥˣ
漣̾˿Щ˷ܣ͸¶һ˿Ρ


296 
ػ˵ַʥߣ
׾գգ۾ַ֪ģϾǵصֻû뵽漣ַȻʶ
Ҳϴǰ׼Σգַǰ
׾ʵǼûô⣬Ͼַʥ߸߸ϣ֪ýҲ漣ϵϡ
Ͼʵ̫ˡ
뵽׾˷
漣Ͻַʥ߰Ļʲô°׼ҺżҶȫ֧ǡ
漣ʼ磬Щε˵Դַ뿪ҾûϵˣΪʥߣҶ֪ˡһλʥߣ𣿡
漣ЩᣬôҲ󣬵ַ壬Ȼһת۾ͳΪ˸߸ϵʥߡ
ʵ̫λˡ
漣ַʥ߻᲻ڲʥߣ᲻
漣룬ն˵һ
׾ЦЦ˵ˣǲʥߣֻˣǵĻ¸𣿾μӻ񣡡
漣ǰһȷ飬ȻҪյĺѣַҲС
ǣ漣ҵַ֣ȴûвͨǷһ̵Ϣ

ô𱬣
ַ忴̳ϣǹػ˺ǿӣ˶ڼҵۣ
ػ˵ʽԱԣַҲûֹͦõģǣ֪ǿЧ
ܹޣػҲкܴĺôԺ÷ɷˡ
ǿ⣬ʵַҲע
һߣѾϰ߹ˣҪ֪һǹٶҪϰٹѫ㣬ǺεȰ
һҲҪѫ㣬ǹҪ󣬵Ҳ赲Щߵ飬ӵһܹɱЩ޺ʱܹ㸶ٴĴҲϧ
һ飬ܹػ׬ȡĹѫ㣬ַЩѫ㣬ԴԴػ˵ߡ
Ҳͽܹγѭ
ַиεĿģΪͷ⡣
ӵżеõһЩ䣬ȻѾʮλʥߣͻеʥߵΡ
ַͷŵ⣬ſʥߡ޵ȭʥ⡣
ػܲѾݸһˣѭ򽥽պֻҪʱƣػȻܹԽԽǿ
ػ˵ıԱȷһ鷳ַѾûȥ½һأЩˣַڶ̶̼ʱܹһӴֺĽ
ַٴʮУʱѡѡʮɷߣúðЩԱʮ߹ѫĽҲǵĵһ
ֻǣԱҲһĹƶȣֻһʱ취ַҵܹػ˱ԱˣұֵεģԺ󻹻кܶ鷳
εεΣ
Ȼַһ
˭Ϣ
ַһ˷Ϣ
¸°˺ţ漣ˣ
ַ΢΢Щ㵣Ȼǵ漣ȥɽʱ漣ַ廹Ƿ漣һ顣
漣ϢǺͰ׾飬ַҲɵûһЦ
漣Ǹӣӵܣ˰׾漣ʵԭַΪ漣ֻһʱˣû뵽ôʱ䣬׷˰׾
ַҲȥ׼ңҲ׾һľ֪ĺŮ漣Ͱ׾飬Щϡ
漣Ͱ׾޳ַףǡ
ܵ˴̼ѪַȻǿҵԸȥϴȫᣬѾܳʱûȥˡ
ôʱ䣬̫æûϵ
кѧʱѾַļһֱڣѾȥˣʱһûдƻŮ˵õʱ䡣
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ʣַĵˣ
λᣬȥ޳Ǻúɢɢġ
ַҲæôʱ䣬Ǹȥúˡ
ǣַ򵥽һػ˵ߣػ˵İȫַҲ˿ģػ򣬳ʥ߻ߵۼвػܲ
źһУַŷɴѸٵżسǷȥ


297 ټѧԺ
ѧԺ죬Щꡣ
ڵͬǣַ֪Ĺϵǰǻ̲סȤ䣬ڣַѾΪʥߣһλ߸ϵʥߣ˭㿪Ц
оڵһЩͬ飬Щ𾴡ͷˣЩ̫ӦķΧ
ͨͬ飬ѧԱǰѧ̲ס׷Ȼľܾ
ڣѧУ쵼Ǻ˵ҲǿͿģЩС
ѾˣоƽʱȽҪõĹۣ롣
֪ΪݲͬˣѧԺ˭ַ֪֮Ĺϵ
˵ַɷߣߣҲôСַʮλʥߣǾȫͬˡ
һλʥߵŮѣ˭ǣ
һǿɾ鷳ˡ
Щ棬ܹ˷ǸϲˣһҲܹڼѧԺúôš
ȴЩģַʵ̫ҫۣ̫ˡ
ѾǸ߸ϵʥߣͺλƵģһֱˣȻһλʥߣ
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ô죬ַ嶼ûиϵЩķҡ
ôˣôо
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Χԭ뿴ɴʲôݣַӷɴзɳ󣬸ɫÿ
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ַٶ̫죬ʱ̫̣ʵ̫ˣֿҲûС
ֱ죬ַȻ˼ѧԺ׿ڳŮѵġһʱ䣬ѧԺѧ˷ˣ׷һʮʮҪΧۡ
ѧԺ֪Ϣ̾˴ԱŮᡣ
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ŷɴ뿪ѧԺڵķȴûмںܳʱڣһĻΪѧԺ̸ʡ

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ϴΣַ廹ֻȫĵһȻҲԶҲûôһҺɴ
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նԥĻش
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ʥսһõ˲ĹС
Ҳ֪УЩ룬Ժ֪ġ
ַҲûϸ˵ûдƣ֪ЩҲûʲôãӰ쵽պ֮·
ˣȥĶ
ŷɴ⣬ѾһƬ̣ȻѾַ֪嵽ҪȥҲЩɻ


298 ѧ
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ǰδеİȫгУһ̣ԸԶܰķΧС
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ˣػ˵ĵλѾбˡĸĵλÿһλ߶ܹûдơ
һʱ䣬ַȫʣѡ޻򣬶رʺ
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ַ·Ҳ˶ѡܴܲƻÿԼַҲ޿κΡ
ᣬżԼҲţպĳʱΣһܹƻ
ʱת˲ţһµʱܿ͹ȥˡ
ַ֮䣬罺ᣬ˵ĸѾȶˣַ嶼Ҹʱȶ飬ȻٰһʢĻ
˵żַ彫ػ˰һж죬پٰ충ʽҲ١ַҲ˳
һʱ䣬漣ĻʱҲˣַȻûǡ׼󣬱һɴ뿪ػܲ


299 Σ
޳ǣƵ꣡
ǸӣżҴ漣Ͱ׼ǧ׾飬żҺͰ׼Ҷ޳ǵ塣
żҲҵ壬߼壡ֻЩ꣬ӵܶûʲô츳ԼѸķҵϡ
żһڵһЩǿߣż޳ǵĵλء
׼Щ⣬׼Ȼ߼壬Ҳûʲôߣ׼Һ;ϵУϵЩӵзǿļ壬ҲС׼ҡ
忴ǿǿϣٳһμѻʵϣ׼ҺżҶһԹص
ҲͰүӺүУǬٶϣûð׼ҺżֳЦҲԼС
׼ҺżңǰӿԱ⡣
ʱһžϣһ漣мƵӣԹԵĺźƣֻĿ漣Щ⡣
٣漣鷳ˣٺ٣ִҪȢ׾ѾǵüڵһЩߺܲˡ
Աһװͦӣɭɭ˵
Σ漣żҴ٣һμܲãִżҴȨ
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˵һֱĮ٣Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
漣̨ϴ⣬Ҳ漣ĵˣò˶ãżҸӶΪ˸ۣ
ٶԴĵѾõϢżҾ漣Ӷˣ漣ӣż棬ִ׾
λʹȣûżң޳ǣ֪¡
Щ£˵òźԵĶܲӰ죬żұԱķգΪ漣ִ׼żεľء
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׾ôͿ漣竻ӣʹ漣ʲôһŸżӵܰˡ
治֪үôôִԲ漣ʲôõģ
漣Ե˰׾үôˣܲҲ漣ƭ˰ɣôүҲô漣
ҿүˣӲˣ׼ȻүӰҴģôһݲҵûйҲпͰүӲôԡ
ǰǰ׼ҿԽʹһ̨ףΪүӺͰ׾Ĺִλᣬ´ξûлˡҰ׼һ޳ǵһЦ
׼ҵ˶漣ܲүҲԹصżҲͬ׼ǰүӰңһһƴġ
ˣүڰ׼һԾŶ׼ҵҲ˽±Թ䣬ȴ޷ıүӵľ
ү漣ϰ˵ЦƺʲôܿģƵϵķΧȴôЩ졣
ǰ׼˺żˣ࿴ߣɫʵЩΡ
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ǰƵĿԽԽ࣬ȻǰһӺӳ˾ƵǰŴӳ߳һӣ漣Ͱ׾ɫ΢΢һ䡣
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İԣżҺͰ׼˵һ˺
漣ӣ޹⣬ʹȻѾˣѵǻܽʹϳȥɣ
һʱ䣬漣ŭ죬ȴ޴
żԹۣžƵڹգ֪һ߶ˡ
ʹʲôû˵ֻҪʹˣⳡһ漣ӳΪ޳ǵЦ
ʱ漣ӻʲôʸִżҼţ
漣漣ʼնһ竣ϰ֣Ȣ˰׼ǧΪλˣ棡ο㻹ô죿޳ǵЦżһôҰѼŽ㣿
żıôʱ䣬Ϊ˽漣ɨء
ڿһмƻ˳漣ӵⲻ˶೤ʱˡ
ʱʲô취ʲôˣ漣ӣעΪȫЦ
֧żٵˣȻ˷ܣżҾͻˣ

Ƶ꣬ˡ
ɴڣַѾԶĻƵ꣬滹һӭӿˡ
漣Сӣ仯ͦ࡭
ַҲ漣͵ɬģѾ˺ܴı仯
Ҫ˵仯˭ı仯󣿡
ַ֣Ц˵Ҫ˵仯˭ûַı仯󣬴һͨߣΪʥߣһʱ䡣
ֱǴ棬񻰣
ಣ
ɴȵͣ˻ƵϿգȻĽ䵽˾Ƶǰĵϣʱ˶Ŀ˽˷ɴסˡ


300 ͵
˭ףˣżҵĹͻǰ׼ҵĹͣ
żҵĹͶѾˣǰ׼ң˵ϵУ᲻Ǿˣ
ôһ˽˷ɴ͵ķɴһ˸򲻵߱ض󣬷ͬСɡ
ŷɴĽ䵽˾Ƶǰ˵Ŀⶼ˷ɴϡ׾漣Ҳܺ棬˭
꣡
ɴŴ򿪣ֱշɳӰַ֣䵽˵ϡ
漣ôʶˣ
ַ忴漣Ŀɿڴӣ΢΢һЦ漣˸к
漣Ļַ֪ܲ壬ʵ̫Ϥˣ漣һЩھƵſڵĿˣҲŴ죬һĿɿڴģ
ַ壬ʮλʥߣô
ַʥߡ
漣ǰӭַ壬ַȴҡҡͷ漣ǰɲôƺҵġ
塭磡
漣ɫ͵ͨ죬ǰѧԺʱһһ磬ڵķ磬ݡλǴһˡ
ʮλʥ߰
һڣֻһƺ˶һ
磿漣ԭַʥߵĹϵôУ֮ǰ뿴漣ӵЦԴ¿ˡ
ǣ˶оЩҴҵܽ˾ƵʲôЦʥߴ󽱹٣ѵǴݵţ
ַһ漣Ͱ׾ǰҲʢװϯɲ붪ַӣˣһʢװգϻòϣҪѹ˰׾һ
׾ûһ㲻ַģǱضϵǳпַķˣһλʥ߷ˣĹ⻷һ˿Աȵ˼ûˡ
塭磬ˣôû֪ͨң
漣ܼ״Ρһ̣ȥ˵ı飬Ѿ֪ǵ뷨
֮ǰıơίŭȫһɨգЩַ壬ʲô
漣û뵽Сٶô죬潫׾СȢˡ׾С㣬Ժɵúúùܹ漣Ҳʰ漣ˡ
ַ忪ЦƵ˵ǰѧԺ漣ַ󣬾ͺСһˣַҲ֪漣Ը񣬼ֱǻӣһ첻ȥ˶˵ʲô
û뵽׷׾׾ӣҲ漣ʰ÷ˣַǷǸˡ
磬룡
漣Դַֺ䣬ʲͬ⣬ǰǸ硣
ˣû
ַ忴һԱߵóһµĺӣЦŶ԰׾˵ף»֣Һַһ⡣
׾æӹ˺ӣ򿪺ʱһ̵ıʯƺЩͬһıʯﻹһ˿
ַЦ˵鱦ʯϣµĻܹʣٲ
漣Ͱ׾ǰ֣Ȼ֪۸񣬵Ҳ֪ʵ̫ˡ
鱦ʯȷܹأַ̳ڹģһλɱһͷڷֵġ
ۼ۸ߴʮѫ㣡
Ȼ鱦ʯЩ棬ܹʣЧ̫ҽֻʰˣɷϵ߶Ը⻨ôĴ۹
ַ鱦ʯƯ͸ͨӦúܺʣǾͽ乺Ϊ漣Ͱ׾Ľˡ
͸Ǿţ
ʮ㹦ѫַ˵Ͳֵһᡣ
ǣ漣Դ·ַͽ˾Ƶꡣ

żٴʱƷźƣһ⣬ʹ˵ЦΧҲһƬά˭֪漣ˣִżҴȨĿ϶ٸˡ
ʱһֺģо
ô£
żɫһ
٣йˡ
ͣǰ׼һżҵĹͣ
漣ϰֶȥӭˣӦżҵĹ͡
żҹͶѾˣҲ֪żҹͣѵżⳡϵĹͣ
żѳζǣʾ֭û뵽żһʲôͣ漣ϰֶȥӭӡ
ߣأżҵĹͶѾˣҲ漣ӻ뵽ʲô˲õĹ͡
żЦһͲ漣ӻʲô͡
йͣѵ漣ŤתƣͲܣֻҪץסʹô漣ôҲûκá
Ȼƿ漣ǰ·һһŮװʲ
ھƵĵƹЩ谵ҲȽӣˣżһʱҲû塰͡ģֺĸо
˭
żüͷ
ৣ
ͻȻһֱżԱߣһĮģʹʱ𾪡վֱš͡ȥ
ѧԺ޳ʹĪ룬ݼַʥߣ
ʹĪ룬ַһ񣬻ޱȵļ
ַʥߣ
Īʹżٵɫ͵һеĺƱ˲㻬䵽˵ϣˤ÷顣


301 ʥߵӰ

˶ˣƵڵն
ʥߣôʥǰ
ǿ漣ʱһĶڼˡ
ַʥߣʮλʥߣ
ǰʱǵصַ¼˲֪˲ˣַˣҲȷʥˡ
ַʥߺ漣ϵô
漣һһ硱˶ĿɿڴһЩ˸֪漣ҪˣżҪˡ
Ҫַ˵ʲôƾַԲμ漣ĻľٶѾ㹻ˡ
żҺͰ׼ҵ˶֮ǰЩһֱ漣Ͱ׾ˣȴһɵۣһĿɿڴı顣
ܿ죬Ǿ˷
ǿַʥ߰һλΰʥߣվۣ֮Һżйϵ½ֻһϵҲͬСɡ
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˵ַʥѧԺʱ䣬漣ѧԺʱ𣿻пʶҽꡣ
漣СҲǣַʥ߹ϵôô˵Ҫ֪ϵʹΣżҿɲ£
ٺ٣֮ǰɲô˵ģ漣˵ַʥйϵǻ漣˰ɣ
⡭
żҵЩΣȴûӰż˵˷ܡ
֮ǰǶ漣жôʧ漣ڻżҵˣҼпִżңַʥһϵż޳ǻƽƣֱӳΪĺţ
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ҿżٶ漣е⣬Ӧյ޳ǡ
ҲãԲܷ巴Ŀ£ҪδȻ
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֮ǰ֧żٵˣһˣżȴңһŭûСַ֪ʥһˣó׵ףûκη֮
ûʹѾȥӭַʥ𣿶̬˵ĵ͡
żҵˣ׼ҵҲһ֮ǰðүִ̫׾̫ɵڿ漣緢Ĵַʥ߽Ƶ꣬һĶ̵ת˿ڷ硣
ү۹⣬ϵ
ǿ϶ģҪȻүôңôĲҵ
׾۹Ҳ׼漣һ˲ţӻͷ𲻻ο漣ַʥһϵֻҪ漣żҾ޳ǾصĶ壡
Ժǰ׼Ҿ㲻;ˣҲζЩˣ̫޴ˣȻߥŰ׾漣֣ǡҿ׾ˡ
ٺ٣漣ʹʲô
Щ׼˵Ļ˰үӵĶУҲֻεҡҡͷָЩ˽ְ׼ҵĲҵԸ׼ҵĲҵȫȥ
үҲο֮ͬ漣Ͱ׾һҲǱ漣ĳĸжˡ˺׼漣ӻͷ𲻻
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֮ǰүҲȷ˺ܴѹ漣ܹط֮ǰЩ˵ĵ˱죬үҲο
ַ˰үӵϣԭˣԶ뿪ˣֻʣ˰үӺ漣ϰ֡
үӣǵҰɣ
ַЦʵ
ǵãַʥߣѧԺǰ׼ңɱƽȫ˰׼ң
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漣ϰֻ֪ԭַͰ׼һһԨԴүӣַǰࡣ
ϾǰַѾʥߣһλ߸ϵʥζʲô˭رϤַˣүۣ˭ַǰ̸Ц
ַʥߣרǰμ漣Ͱ׾Ļʵ漣Ͱ׾Īӡ
үЩ̾ȻҲַܲҲ;ַܹƻ˭̶֪һַܹ꣬ߵֽĵز
үӣ˵һǷ漣һ飬Ĵ£Ȼ
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˺漣֮׽ô漣ʲô鷳¶ӭжˡ
ʥߵӰ
ȻǷ漣һ飬ַҲ漣һѣοЩ¶ַ˵ֻǾ֮Ͱˡ


302 
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ڼ䣬һЩ޳ǵĸ߲㣬ѧԺĸ߲㣬ûյżҺͰ׼ҵ룬ȴˡ
׷һݺҪԭݼַģϾһλʥ߼٣ǺεȵĴ£Ǿʧ
ַҲסżң漣ɡ
漣˵ѾѧԺѧˣ
ַ漣Ļ԰漣׾һ졣֮ǰ漣һţڣѾȫ̬
磬Ҳ֪ʵûж츳ѧԺҲǻһűҵ֤ܶʲôãѧҰִƼ񡣡
ַ忴һ۰׾Ȥ˵Ϊ˰׾ɣСһѵôеһΡ
ٺ٣Ƿ˽ҡǰ޾ʲô͸ʲôҰֶܲҡȻ;һˣȻΪĽ㡣ҾǸ竣ż͸ײִ弯ţҲֻˡ
漣Ͱ׾һЦ⣬ͬʱЩΣּҵ漣ܸʲô
漣û뿪ּҵȻףͬʱҲܶࡣٽ죬ҾܸоʵǼڲһź
ַμ˽Ļʲô
磬ֻǸѧӵܣҲû츳˽ּҵܸʲô
漣ҲԳЦЦԵúΡ
漣һᣡǰ竣û츳ڲͬˣ˵Ƿһ顣ҸһᣬػˣҹػʮԱͰ׾һպһɼżļҵǰ;ˡ
ַҲûд漣ȥػ˵ıԱġϾȻǱԱڶ࣬ҲһЩǳ߻Ӣ漣ǰǸ竻ӣַͲῼǡ
漣漣ѾˣҲǵǸӣһЩأʼ˵
ַҲ̾黹ܹıһˣҸıôס
ԣַ漣һᣬҲǳ顣żҵļҵżҵļҵٴһٱҲ϶ԶԶȲϹػ˵ıԱ
ػպ󲻶Ϸչ׳󣬿֪ЩԱˣһλһԣλߣλȾǴ󽫣
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漣Ҳ۾ĺܼ
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ػպչ׳ĳΪ˵ܹԱǺεȵķ⣿
漣ôҲû뵽ַԸһĻᡣ
㵱ȻУڲУԺҲУ츳ȻͣҲǲֲãܹƻԺúÿǿǣٻشҡ
ÿˣԸȥ
ʱ׾ѾȲȿˡ
ԣԸȥ
Ű׾漣һѣ漣۵죬Ҳ֪ǸǧѷĻᣬҲæͷ
׾Ȼ֪ǧѷˣҵʲôο˼ҵҲֻڼĿ£չٺҲڼ塣
ܹػˣԺܿԼĻԻͳɾˣ
߸޷Ტۣţżһǰ׼ңһ֧Ǽػˡ
ãǾ˵ˣȰһ¼ͻ뿪ʱǳɴֱӵֵػܲˣһᰲ˽Ӵǡ
ôߣ
漣΢΢һ㶡
ǰûؼҿҺҲöˡ
ַ忴һԱߵǼҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
磬ɩӣϲˡ
漣ҲɵȻ֪ô£Цַףء
ڶ죬ַ漣𣬳ɴֱӷкС

кּңȻּҳһλʥߣּסԭıΪּҵԭ򣬱İʩǿࡣ
кеִӣרŰ˼ɷڰб
Ͼּ˲һ⣬һλʥߵļ˶⣬кеִӶѴ̡
һ㣬ȴּԼ֪
ˣ
ȻԶ߷һҷɴֱ
зɴ
бּҵɷߣ̽
ţûַʥ߻ˣ
һλִӳԱϴμַķɴһ۾˳
ַʥ߻ˣ֪ͨʹˡ
ɷӰ


303 ؼ
꣡
ɴڵĲŴ򿪣ֱַӻɵ˵ϡ
Ŀȴ񲻾һԱ߸ղǼɷߵķһۡ
ִӳԱôˡ
ַ尵ͷӵʥսԼİȫѾ˱֤ĵľǼ˵İȫ
кִɳֱļˣַԼ
ɴĶָܴĸˣ磬Ҳæ˳
ַʱ۾
磬㣬ǣ
ɫЩ΢죬Ǵ󷽷˵ĸ
ããɣ㣬һŮΪԵ޷ݣû뵽һˣϽɡ
ĸ˵סַ֣嶪һԡ
ַҡҡͷҲ߽˱
֡裬ȶ顣
ַҲ˵ľָĸһۣжϲɫ
Ƕͦģ磬ԸֺãټϺַҲʶ˺ܳʱ䣬ڼ֮ͥ࣬ʵּҲǺܿء
ǿǿùַλʥߣ
ˣǿַҲãԸͺҪˣֻҪַúãǾȫ֧֡
ĸǿŮһ꺮ůòѯһЩļͥ
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ȻָһֱҡͷлǺܸ˵ģϾ˭ҲŰ񣬹˾ܹչҪѶȻٺòˡ
ѾŮһˣ
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ҲУȻݵλܸߣҲҪŮ˵˼ŮǶܶˡ
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ڼ˷һҲڣҲֵĺܺãĸϲ
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ַĸܼᶨûøĸǨˣֻǰȫҪͷַ׼ǲһЩװ˹ˣܹ⿿ЩִӵĳԱ
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ҲֻйˣĶĹ˾
֪ܲһ꣬罫չĺܺãѾ½ֿҹģһѾһ乫˾
绹ܸͦɡ
ЦЦңǴ绹Ǹĸʵͦ
ˣ㻹û˵ʲô£ڼѧԺĺúõģôͻȻˣ
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˵ʲô磡Ҳã׼֪ͨһһˣڵʡ
ĻЩɻ󣺡磬ʲô£
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ҵãʶʥѧԺʲôŮûУƬȴЩ⡣׼׹Ӽһ棬ǶߣӦкܶ๲ͬ⡣
Ŵ˸߲ңһ˷ܵӣֱһ֣ҡҡͷȵȣ磬ôûʹңѾϲˣ


304 ҵľ
ϲˣ
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ʲôʱϲˣǰʱ㣬㶼˵ûС
ЩǲǷġ
ϲˣλҾǺ˵£׼ˣ
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ǰʲôʱʶģ
ĸһʵ
裬Һʶˣкѧʱ
кѧʶˣкѧͬѧǼѧԺ
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ԣԣȼ׹ΣҲ˵׹ͣЩӵܣȫһǶߣպǽϣҲܰߵĸԶ
ҲȰ˵š
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ôҲ֪Ƣǲĵġҿ˰ɣ׹㣬ϲҲû취
ԣԣóίȻǴ󸻴֮ңҲҪŮһݸ󡣡
ĸ̬Щҡæ˵裬ʲôأǿһݸΪúãֻǵóã£ֻһȽϣһѵʶ
Ҿ׹ͳ棬죬׹ӵķȣԼʣҲòкøС
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ôĺŮͼ޸һ֮ңһЩǮʲôǲǵ󳿳ǰ;𣿡
ĸҲ˵ˣǰǮǮʲôϵ
׼֮ңеĳ֣ԼͺܳɫҲ˻Ϊ˻ôºͣԸҲǫ飬ȥң
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ܺ׹һϵİԶԶܹͨģȻһЩ˽ģϻڿǡ
ðɣ׹ʵûкøУǾͲҪǿˡ
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ȥϵ׹ˣţֻҪ׹ӣǿ϶кøеġ
ҪĳûȤѯˡ


305 ûɣ
˷䣬һʱͲַͨ
ôˣ
ͷַҲȲѯʡ
죬֪ô˵̾˿ԭԭ˵˳
еַȴûʲôˣЦ
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ΪǸʲô׹Ĭˡ
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ַЦ˵ûʲôȻŭ뷨ǼѧԺѧһλߣǺ¡
ϧַ壬עλ׹һЩšҲһССġѵ

ڶ죬һѾˡ
Ҳûȥ˾ĸ˵·Ϊӭӡ׹ӡǿɲ׹²õӡ
ϾΪԺҸа
֡裬ܻ
һ֪ͨ˸ĸʹ硣
Ȼָ֪˭һ˿âȴûֹǵ˵ͷҲã˳ҲǴӦҲôӦ׹ʱ򣬲ҪҷƢҪ׹ѿ
ʲôҲˣǺ˵Ҳ𣿲УҲġ
һԭ;֣Ϊʲôһ縸ĸˣ綼ȥ˾ԭΪӭ׹ӵġ
ɲַ棬ַ岻⣬ȴܡ
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ߵһǹʯ򣬳ԲΣ䷽Բϰ
еĴ֮һͷʮʯߣ
һʯڵϣһž޴ͷһضϡ
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Զ͵ķһӰӸ¸ͷʮʯߡȻʮʥ֮һѧԺԺ޵ȭʥ
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ͷʮʯͷۼҳֻܶԸһͷǳ룡ֻǣʥߡԪһʥߵȵȣصĽƺвȵļ˭Ҳ鲻ʱһ֮
޵ȭʥüͷλʥߣԳŽͷʮʯһ̽
ˣôˡ
Ȼ޵ȭʥüͷչƺ뵽ʲôһȻı顣


307 ޵ȭʥ
ַڼδ޺ǣÿĵǺ⣬жˡ
ַıˣֻ磬ַľѾﵽ˵㣬ѾԾǨ
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ַ츳ֻһ㣬ܹôͶԾǨҲֵɺϻԵľһЩϰľ࣬ԲܹԾǨ
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308 һȭҳ
ŶԺһݵĽͷʮʯߵ⣿
ַЩԾĴص֪ʵҲ࣬Ҳ֪ĴһֱڣľλʥҲûκΰ취
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ͷۼ⣬ͷʮʯ߻Ǹǳصĵطǰһ棬оһǿҵвٱͷۼɧţֻε˳ˡͲһˣ֣˵ܳɱͷۼʱ̽ͷʮʯߣһݵĽأʹӽг
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Щ޶̮ȫݣڵγһԲ׵ľ޶ڰĺХɢعϢ


309 ͷʮʯ
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޵ȭʥϵĻ棬ƽƽ棬˭뵽ղĿֲӰ޵ȭʥ
ÿһλʥ߶ͬһ㣬ԶԶߡ
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ʯ飬Ȼһֻֻɫļ׳棬ҸӹŹֵǣɫļ׳ϻһѪɫĻơ

Щɫ׳漸ӭͳʱ䣬ѾһӤСǳֲ
СЩҪǽ
Щɫ׳棬ֱַ޵ȭʥ˹޵ȭʥһ֣һŻɳʮֻ׳涼סȼ
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311 ۼ
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312 ս
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޵ȭʥʩչַҲѹս塣
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ַʮ׵ս壬޵ȭʥĿҲ𺳡
ȻǰƵˣַ֪һֶΣܹͣƵ￴ģۼᲢۣ
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ģԭǵĿģ
ַȻסܹʯڵǿ޴ģҲַ𺳡


313 
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īֱӵ˴󶴣ǧҲŭţһȥ
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ܲһеȥðա
ַ壬һҪţ
޵ȭʥһҧΪһ⣬Ѹٵķȥ

޾ĺڰַѾԨ֮С
֪ʲôطܸоһֱµ˼ӣȴһֱûмס
ַ˫ץסīǧ
īϵԽԽƺͣһЩѪɫĹâ·̺ſµϡ
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䣡
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ַҲ׼ԣ˫͵һ˺ֱӽīϵۼ˺飬ȻһţҲīĶһҧȥ
ʱīİ߶ӣַҧס


314 ϣã
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315 
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ַˣҪ֧֮ì
̩ʥоâһ̻ظϢǺͨôصϢ֪
̩ʥɶԷǲĳλʥߣôصϢֻʥǲŻһʱ֪
Ҫͼ²ҵݣֻҪ֪õ˶ٺôһΣҵ֮ìһҪĶ
Ҫʲô
Ҫǰ·ԾǨѾ˺ܾá
Ϣ̩ʥߵһ
ĿǰֻĴԾǨʥߣô֪ԾǨܣ
뵽˴ԾǨʱҵ˰̩ʥߡȻṩ˰̩ʥĴԾǨܡֻʮ̩꣬ʥ߾ĴԾǨˣΪʥߡ
ˣʵ̫ˣɲ⡣
̩ܰʥЩ̫ţԷһֱĪ⣬̫ܡ˵ԾǨܡ
ڶԷ˭
̩ʥҲħʲôˣ޷϶
ֻҪԾǨܳΪߴڡʱҪҳװŪ˻򵥣
ߣ֮ìҲ֤ܹҵػ˵ǾʥսĻ˱ңҪܹǾ߻˵İ취
ɽǾ߻ֻҪܺľˣܼ򵥣ҷһγʱƷǾ߻ˣˣȻˡ
ܿ죬̩ʥߵָֻ˰
ҹħ㵽˭ߣҵõ˻ˣѸԾǨصöʱҷһΣ
̩ʥҧУȻһöҹħѫ¡

漣ʱĺܺãػ˵ıԱȻӵ˰֮ڣ
ػܲػܲһȨޣˣһֱַܲ忴ػˡ
ʱ䣬ػ˵ķչܿ죬ǱԱ漣ȫȨں̵ܶʱڣѾչɫˡ
ɩӣɲʲôͣԱȿֺػˣֻƶһЩ³̰ˡ
漣ԱֻǱԱػ˵ĸЩʽԱ
ˣ绹û𣿡
ûУʲôµ˰ɡ
Ҳ΢΢üͷⶼˣַҲûлһϢûСȻַʥߣǲЩġ
ƺЩģ漣Ц˵ɩӣõģʥߣʲôΣգ˵ĳЩĴء
⵹ǿҫĻʥߵȷ縺ȫలȫΣַΪʥߣµȷΪ˱ࡣ
εεΣ֣֣֣
Ȼػܲ˽ľػ߶ˡ


316 ֣
֣
漣վ
ػ˵ķʩַõģֻҪ˲ͬ⣬Խ뵽ػܲķΧ֡
ûޣʲô˸ػˣ
ಣ
漣˳ȥʱȻһСͷɴֱ߳һӰ
ǰ̩ʥߣ
ԣҼӰ񣬲İ̩ʥߣ
ɴǰ̩ʥߣ΢΢˿ȻЩɻ󣬰̩ʥôͻȻػܲ
Ȩޣر˾
رպԭػߣкâһҲͺһһػš
ҲֻػߵȨޣ
̩ʥߣʧԶӭ
̩ʥػڵҲ̩ʥ߱𾴡
̩ʥһ˵ϡ
ַδޣ
̩ʥĿ⿴Ȼַ嶩ܵ͵Щʥ߻֪ġַ廹ػ˵һȨ޶תƸôĵλ͸Ҫˡ
̩ʥߣػܲʲô𣿡
ʥҲֵòϾ˿̴Ĳˣػˣַ壡
޵ȭʥûаϢɣǺãҸҵϢ
漣һͻȻֲԤС
ʲôҵϢ
ַʥͷʮʯڣսͷۼɣ
䣡
̩ʥߵĻһһ㣬˲漣ԺһƬհףվȽŸһ漣Ӱ׾סˡ
ܣⲻܡ
֪Ѿ۾۾ͨ죬ϵҡͷϢͲš
̩ʥ߳̾һñ˵˵ҪڰַʥΪ赲ۼӢۣ
粻ܻϵ硣
漣ַֻ̲ǣôƺ޷ͨ
ûõģַʥ߱˵صʥ߶޷ҳʬǡ
˶ʧȥ˾һԺиֳַĵεΣζţϴζݵ뿪Ȼˡ
漣ǳˣػҲǴˡ
Щ߶ػ˵ʽԱǱػǳַλ½ʥߣǰ;Զ˲ż롣
ڳجģЩ߻ȻһƬЩҡ
ҲûңַʥʮλʥߣΪ˵ֵۼĴӢۣԴӢۣȻ亮ģˣػ˲ɢά״ĳЩܵĶȽʥ߱ܡ
ȽػܲȨƽҰɣģ಻ַʥߵĹף
ƽȨޣ
͵̧ͷһػܣĿ¶һ˿ǿ֮ɫ
̩ʥߣػַһжѪһסѪ̩ʥ½⣡
ţ
̩ʥȻȻɢһơ
Ȼ뽻ػܲȨޣʵػˣ̩ʥûжҰĺ뷨Ŀֻл֮ìԼ߱ʥսĻˣ
ƽȨʥǵľϾػ¹ش󣬻ʥսĻˣװˣһκ⣬ǻᶼһƽ٣ԴΪأ
̩ʥߵЩˡ
ʥߵľѯһ޵ȭʥˡ
óڰ̩ʥߣ޵ȭʥϾַҲǳѧԺַǰ޵ȭʥͿʥߵϵʽ¾޵ȭʥͿʥߡ
Ҫͨ޵ȭʥ̩ʥһӣе͵˰̩ʥߵС
ǶˣַʥѾɣػʱҽӹܣߣԷ۴
̩ʥҲáװȥˣģһҪõʥսĻ˺ͻ֮ì
̩ʥߣǾôԴַʥߵļˣ
漣ȻʥߵЩܲסȴӲͷƤ߶µ˵
˶ˣ̩ʥʲôʥ߾飿ҪıػˣַʥŸ̩ʥ߾ʵ˺ġ
ʥߵϣεȿֲ
ػ˵ʽԱҲǰ
ƽȨޣ
̩ʥ䡣
ҧһܵػˣЦ
һסѪػߣ
䣡
£ػǾӴĻˣ̾վĿҲס˰̩ʥߡ
֣սģʽ
ӵʥսػߣһʱͿսģʽ
Ȼҹʥߣ
̩ʥ߼Ϊŭ޲ֱΪǿֲĻѾ˹


317 ̤ն
أ
ΪսػһսģʽǾ͸ûʲôԥȫ
ػһĳֱӽ̩ʥķɣǰ̩ʥڵһʱסȫҲ޼¡
űײһ󶴣ػ߽Ҳ˳ȥ
ɩӣǸϽ뿪ɣʲôȫĵط𣿡
У
Ҳ֪̬ˣػսģʽʱ̬ѾǳϾˡ̩ʥ߿Ǹ߸ϵʥߣػ˵ĶԿ
̩ʥҪǿػˣ˫Ѿû˺ͽĿܡ
ǣ漣Ͱ׾ҴҵĽ뵽˵ͨһƬӴĵҡ
ʵǵµżػˣַֻû޽ġ
죬תϵͳֻǻ˴ƬصסַֻȨ޽
漣Ҳû˼Ƭΰĵ½æʵܿɣ
ܣȥң
漣Ͱ׾ȥ˿ңڿڣܹػ˵л棬Ҳװ˺ܶͷ
ʱػѾ׷˳ȥ̩ʥʥߣػߴ˸ֲ󣬽ֻǱ
󣬰̩ʥ߾ʩչ䱳Уһ޴ˮˣػߵͶҪӴö࣬η
漣˿̺侲Ǿ޴ˮˣֿ˿ػߣҧ˵ɩӣҪ뱣סѪͲһжָػߡ̩ʥһûʥߵľ飬ҲʥǻôԴ磬㻹ϵһʥߡ
ԣϵʥߣ
Ҳع֮ǰ̩ʥ߷Ӧôңˣ顣̩ʥ߿϶ûлʥߵ֧֡
ǣӹ漣޵ȭʥͿʥߡ

ʱˣ޵ȭʥлǳ˱˺ͻںޣַ壬ַȥ̽ͷʮʯߣַͲ
ֻǣٻںҲ޼ˣ޵ȭʥֻŹʱ䣬ûص£Ȼȥкַļ
Ȼʥߣȴ䣬ַ壬ͻеΣַַ廹мˣ٣ַļһǡ
εεΣ
Ȼ޵ȭʥһȴһİ롣
Ҫ֪ʥǵרŶƵģϢҲܵģʲôİ
ԭ֪ĺ롣
޵ȭʥͨ绰ͷһ󽹼
ʲô
޵ȭʥϢޱȵĿ񱩣ͺɽһ㣬ʵʰɭȻɱ⡣
̩
䣡
޵ȭʥϵϢȫ͵ĳ˷䣬ֱͣķɴ

ʥߺԪһʥߣڹעŵߴżķԭǺ£ҲɵĺܺãҲӿ졣
ַ䣬ȴ˷ܵȻ޴档
ЩʱܾòôʵǸǴ漣ַ壬ˣ
㵽ڣʥ߶Щ̫ţ˵Ըš
ԭö˶˵ʮλʥߣַǿʥսλʥߵѹͻࡣ
ڣ˵ʲôûˡ
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ʥߵϳһİ롣
ʥüͷ֪ˣҲ϶עˣͻȻһİ룬Ǻټ
ǽͨ
ž
ʥߵɫԽԽѿֱӹҶ
̩ǡΪ
ſʥҧгݣԵޱȵķŭԪһʥ߼æʵʥߣô£
̩ػܲҪǿػˣַδѾǾʥսĻˣ̩ս
ԪһʥҲɫ䣺̩ѬģַոɣԴַѪʥߣ׼ô죿ٿʥ߻飿
ַŵĲң޵ȭʥȻϵˣǾһȸ޵ȭʥϵˣ޵ȭʥƢܻɱ˰̩
ʥǣ涼ˣ޵ȭʥͰ̩ʥߣһƴսʧκһˣʧ
ҵȥػֹ̩ԪһʥߣǧúڷϿٳ¶ˡ
ʥߣϿȥɣﶼҡ
ǣʥҲٳɣ̳ɴػ˸ȥ

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һִ˵еġˮÿһˮޱȵĳأڣˮˣս̩ʥ߲޵ȭʥ
ˮϣƾŴʥǿ
䣡
ĴػϣȻػӵʥսҲ˶Ѱˡûػ߷ǳԿֶ̫һˡ
л֮ìڣ᲻һû˻֮ìػߵʵȷҪöࡣ
ˮУνػסɽѹػߵϣػ޷
ߣ˾ǻˣ̫ˣһֻǲġ
̩ʥ߿ػߣó˷Ƕγ
ܿ죬ػ۾еĺâʧٹһػȻ̧ͷе𣺡ܳ򣬰Ȩޣȷ
У
̩ʥһ֣ſ˶ػߵҲһЩȻػ߶һһǶγ򣬰̩ʥĿסػߡ
̩ʥڸ˵ͬʱҲǸ˸Ӽɵˡ
ػߣ֮ì
֮ìѱ˴ߡ
ˣ
̩ʥЩ⣬ɥû˻֮ìãҲ͹ֲͷˣϾûŵԣǸҲ֮ì
ջķᣬػߣػ˵ȨҲȻУػ˾ͱ׾ˡ
ڴѰҵַϵء
̩ʥ׼ػܲʱȻһŭߴ˹
̩
ɲǼ䣬ƬնһƬȼյĻƣһӴĻˣ̤ն


318 ʥ֮ս
ţ޵ȭʥ
һſֲĻ棬ΪһƬƣӻһӴĻˣ̤նɢ
޵ȭʥ
˵ģ޵ȭʥ߰˷ֵƶȡ
һ֣ɢȻɱ⣬һŭ𣬿ֲĻϯݺݵ˰̩ʥߡ
أ
̩ʥߵˮ·𱻻ţһˮ˲䱻̩ʥ˸ǱͷһֱӺɡ
޵ȭʥ
̩ʥŭһ̷գ󣬺ȻҲһ̤˻ȫˮ۶ɵľˣ˷ŭ
޵ȭʥˣ
޵ȭʥˣλʥߴսѵҪսˣ
һսֱʥǣǧս
߶޵ȭʥˣһŭֱ̩ʥ߶֣Ȼɱ⣬ͨɷ߶ܹо
ʥһŭرɫ
Ļ棬ȼա
ֲΣĴŴء
ˮײ޵ȭʥ̩ʥ߶ţʥ֮Ĵս˭˭Ӯ˵һƽ١
̩ʥʵ̫֣ȴϲʥߴսӶս
ػ˵ĵ£漣޵ȭʥĵλʥ֮ײǳң޵ȭʥŭĿ⣬漣΢΢˿
޵ȭʥڵˣӣ޵ȭʥǺܷŭġǻܳȥȿķչ
漣ʵҲڵģʥ֮Ĵսܿһ¼ƽʱ϶Ը⿴ʥ֮ĴսڵΪػˣΪַѪȴڴʥߴս
ֻԽԽǲпסػˣ
У̩ʥɫ࣬ղſǳһΪǱ
޵Уҿս𣿡
̩ʥȵ
ս̫߿Լˣɱ㰡
޵ȭʥɱ죬ַŸһΪôĿŰ̩ʥ߳룬ַѪ
޵Уַ֪ĹϵַѾˣػ˻ʣʲôѵҪһЩͨߣǾŴʥᲢֻۣҪ߻ˣҲƽ֣Ŷ඼кôѵ㲻𣿡
ҵȷףҲΪʲô޳̶ֳܵȣΪࣿΪԼɣ
޵ȭʥͰ̩ʥߵڼҵײţֲನɢܣضΪ֮ɫ
̩ʥɫһ䣬ɭɭ˵޵УҪΪУ
̩˲޳̶ֳܵȣʥߣ޳ܣַȲǿгѪַ֪Ϊʲô
Ϊ˵ֵͷۼΪ˾Ҷػ˵κζ
޵ȭʥͰ̩ʥ֮ҲлԹģǰֻһЩͬһЩСìܰˡΣ̩ʥߵΪ޵ȭʥǳŭɱ⡣
ˣ޳ֵܵز
̩ʥ۾΢΢һУҲһ˿ɱ⡣
ߣ޵УǾսһɣ˵ʵǿʥλǰ֮УҵҪжǿ

޵ȭʥǴűɱɱ⣬ʵʡڣǿµĻ档
У·һǻ꣬ǵصĳŰ̩ʥߺȥ
̩ʥ˿Ϊ⣬ˮҲʩչ£޵ȭʥϵĽ֯ײĽɱš
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˶ľս·ضҪƣշ·ڰط·ʹ
һһƳ֣ͬ֩ƵģԶɽ嶼ΪƽءػܲཨҲɨΪһƬ档
ʥߵƻˣ仹λʥ֮Ĵս͸Ǿˣ˫ɱ⣬֮ûһ֣ȫȫԸ
ˮݣ޵ȭʥͰ̩ʥߣһһˮˮܸ棬ܹͬոˮ
λʥߵÿһײʵƾУ޵ȭʥųơȭʥȻֲܿԶʥߡ
̩ʥߵˮÿһˮǧأ֮ڣ̩ʥˮҲ˿ѷ޵ȭʥ
ƾУ֣˭Ҳκβ˭
޵УϧѾˣػߣ֣
̩ʥоâһ޵ȭʥƾУֲ£Ѿ˾߱ʥսĻˡ
ǣ˶ˡ
޵ȭʥ˻ˣҲ޼£̩ʥߵˮΧסѲҪԸˣ͵ñ̩ʥߵˮش
ˣ޵ȭʥֻѡӲ
أ
ʥսĻˣֲ
һȭ֮£޵ȭʥоɢȫܵػһ㡣
޵У
̩ʥдϲˮٴηڣ޾ˮ۳һΣݺݵ޵ȭʥȥ


319 ʥߵĴ
ã
޵ȭʥΣˣ
漣һֱĵǶôϣ޵ȭʥսʤ̩ʥ߰
ڣȷʵ̩ʥ޳ܵػ˵ػߣ޵ȭʥһ
ǲʥҲܿ޵ȭʥУҲҪܵش
ס֣
˵ĶᵽɤʱһӰԶѸӹٶȺܿ죬ʱԶû£Ѿ޵ȭʥǰ
䣡
ˮκݺݵ޵ȭʥһ֣γһɷ籩˲ͽˮθֵסˡ
ʥߣ
̩ʥ߿˵ģɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǿʥߣ
пʥߣܹλʥ֮Ĵսˡ
ǿʥ֣߳߶̲ס
λʥУʥߵʵǿģȴġһλĴԾǨʥߣ֮Ϊߡ
شףνһΪࡣ
ϣãһɱ˰̩
޵ȭʥ۾ͨ죬԰̩ʥߵɱ˿
̩۾΢΢һϣҲҪҳ֣
ʥ߿һ޵ȭʥͰ̩ʥߣҡҡͷҲ뱬ʥ֮սΪǻս˭ˣǶشʧѾʧȥַʥߣʧȥκһλʥߣ
̩΢΢˿Ȼ念ʥߣʥĺ޵ȭʥ֣Ҳ鷳
ʥһΪ룬ǰ̩ʥ߾ͷˡ
ǶʥߣʯȻԵһ㣬ҲֻռȻˣοѾòˣػûʥ򣬻ӵôԴⱾͲƽķչ
޳ܣ
޵ȭʥЦһ
޵Уַ֮Ĺϵ˾֪Ҳַۡʥ߹ȻӢۣϵĳЩܣ²ֹҸȤɣȻѾˣػҲûбҪڣǾλʥоջǶĹף
𣿰̩ʥߣ㽫ж׳ɣΪ࣬ɺã
޵ȭʥ̩ʥߵĽƱ硣
޵УǺҿڴģһ죬˲⣬ǹϷ֣Σ
ߣΪ˶ô˽Լˣ˿֮ˡػڻַδޣʥսĻˣΪβػˣ
˵˽޵УѧԺѵ˽ߣѧԺʥߣռ˶ԴƽʱпʥΪ˹ȫ֣ûкͺѧԺ棬㵱ΪҲǣ
̩ʥߺ޵ʥǳ׾ˣһ˲ѧԺ
һ£ΪǶ˵һѡ
ˣʲô£ٿʥ߻飬ʥ߻
ʥ˿˵µΪֹ̩ҲҪ˱˻ˡʥսĻˣȱܣػˣʥ߻鶨ᡣ
УҲܴߣ
޵ȭʥĶŰ̩ʥߡ
̩Щ̫⣬ϾѲһػˣַǷһЩܷػˡ
ֻϧ;޵ȭʥֹˡ
ڿʥѾˣ̩ܹõʥսĻˣѾ˴ջΪλʥеĵһˡ
ԣҲ˳ſʥߵĻ˵Ҳãһжʥ߻ɡ
ǣ̩ʥߴػ뿪ػˡ
Ű̩ʥԶȥӰ޵ȭʥһֱҧһԲ
޵У¾͵Ϊֹɡ
ʥ߳̾һ
޵ȭʥĿſʥߣޱ˵ʥߣͣ
޵ȭʥеıУʥ죬ȴʲôû˵
£Σ
Ϊ˹ȫ֣ʥ֮䱬ս뿴еֱսҲֻѡϢˡ
ܣҲ̩ܲͬʥߵľٶַΪʥߣһٳɡ
Ϊеġ֡ʥѡַʥߣ޵ȭʥҲ֪½չ󣬾λʥ֮Ҳǰˡ
ˣʥֻܹάʥ֮ĺ࣬սĴݲˣ
һᾡٿʥ߻飬ػ˵Ĺ
ʥ˵ֱ꣬ӳɴ뿪ˡ
޵ȭʥſʥԶȥӰҲ¶һ˿Ρ漴˿ֱüᶨֱӷػܲ
Ƕɡ
޵ȭʥػ˵ܲ
ʱػܲѾΪһƬ棬ֻмģղʥ֮սನɱ˼ɷߡ
꣡
ϣһεĶڻ򿪣漣ӶѸٵ˳
ʥߴˣַġ
ɻһ˿Σ׶޵ȭʥĻش


320 ǿ
޵ȭʥһڴ죬ȴʲô˵
¹ף𣬵ţַȴˡ
ַˣ
޵ȭʥһҧƭĻӲ
޵ȭʥ˵ġࡱôĲ̣ɫɷףȴһ仰˵
漣Ҳҧס촽ȴЩ޷޲ƽ˵޵ȭʥˣһҪػʥߣۣô󻹻⵽Ĵ
޵ȭʥһ˿⣬˵ǷģҲð̩ʥ߶ػһë
ʱҲǿ˵޵ȭʥˣػһҪסַѪˣ
޵ȭʥһҲֻ޵ȭʥܹˡ
ػߣѾ̩ʥȥ漣Ѿȫϣˣֻ뱣סػˡ
޵ȭʥޱھΣһҧ˲ڿն»ص˷ɴʧӰΣҪסַػˣ
޵ȭʥ뿪ػܲͻȻúܰ
ʱ䣬ػѸͷչ֮ǰʮʽԱչһٰʮʽԱ
֮ǰΪʥߴսನߣػ˵ʽԱһʮ
ʱһʮߣѾػܵķ棬¶˷ǳӵĿ⡣
ַʥˣػҲˣػ߶̩ʥ߸ˣһЩͶߣҲ̻
ȻûдƻеĻ䣬ڼѧԺѧʱҲ˺ܶʶ
ЩߵĿ⣬Щߵ뷨
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ǣ˵һ뿪߾еڶһһ׿ϣػлǵ֡
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321 
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εʥ߻飬ҩζʮ㣬޵ȭʥΪ׵ѧԺλʥߣԲİ̩ʥ߽˼ҵԴǽ档
˫һ棬̩ʥҲ֪ŵʲôôȻĿ˹ʥߡ
˫ƾУòɿ
ѧԺҪð̩ʥ߽ػߣ̩ͲܽػߣҪɢػˣػڵĻ˼ͳͳ׳
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ʥ߻ìͷֱָʥߣ䡰
޵ȭʥλʥ뿪ʥ߻飬̩ʥߺͿ˹Ҳ뿪ˣһֱûô˵ľλʥҲ뿪ˡ
ʥ߻ֻʣ˿ʥߺԪһʥߡ
ԪһǲĲ
ʥߺȻʵ
Ԫһʥɫӣ֪ʥߵѴ֪ʥһĶڹȫ֡
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ڱĵصװӣһ֧ìںڰвĹ⣬ض졣
ַֻʣһѪ⣬ȴǿ޴ѪɫˮģȻֻеƬȴ൱ڰٷ֮һˡ
ٷ֮һƬַѪţƬž޴ѪҲڲϵ䶯ţͼۡ
ַ壬ȴ뵽һƬڰС
ʶƯһƬ嫵ǿ֮УһͷֵľޣСڱˮ֮С
ңһ֣ܺ
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ڣҲ֪ǧѾˮе֮İˡ
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Щȴַ̹ģ¹һǧꡢһҲǡ
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ַˣʶˣҲʶղļ仭棬ǲȱȫļ仭档
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ַܿ͸ܵûˣֻһѪ⣬ʶĵС
ʶɢַѪҲСԡˣ½ֻʣһѪ⣬Ҳܹۡ

ַһʱӿ룬ѪѸٵ۳ΣѸٵ͡


322 ԾǨ
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ܲΧкܶ棬ƺˣһ춯صʥߴս
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325 ɱ⣡
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ҿʤѧҲַܼܿʥ֮ѧԺĵλʥߣ
˶ʤѧ˷ܵĵšΪѧԺѧҲǷǳġ
ǰ󶥼ѧԺѧԺռϷ磬ѧԺ֮׵ơ
Դַɾʥ֮ѧԺƴ񣬽ǳĻ𱬡
ʤٳΪʥߣôѧԺ޵ȭʥǾλʥߣʱѧԺǺεȵĻԻͣ
ʤݽ˰ɣ
ԺЦʵ
ǾͿʼɡ
ʤ˵ȻЩ䣬ȴû˺ͻأúţӦʡ
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ַָѧԺſڵһƽ˵Ĳʱ򡣡
ʤ
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ѧԺʱʱŶʤħĴ¼սңַܸʤһΡ
ַ˶ʤǶսҵһıֱڣҲû˭ܹսַ嵱սӰ
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ַȴһΪʮλʥߣѹʤ
ַѧԺڣѾʱ䡣
ʱУַûмʤȴӱ˵ĿУεʤ¼ڶʤַ嵱Ѿˡ
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ַҪˣȻͲܾһķʽȻѾȷѧԺַȻҲа취
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˵ַ꣬۾Ժеľ֮͵һ
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һ˲䣬ַڱһɿµľ籩һ㣬˲˷ƺƵϯȥ


331 㲻Ƕʤ
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޵ȭʥܸоһɡ硱ȫȻʧ
ַ֪ʲô취ȴûдַ塣
ƺƵľ˷ɢȥַľ˵ѧԺˣ޳ǣַҲɨ
ַľɨ˹㳡Щͨѧûдƻûһоʮֵңżҵ
Щɷߣһ˿⡱üͷܿ˿ȴҲû̫⡣
硱˹㳡ɢѧԺϯ̨ϣʤ٩٩̸û˿ɫ
һжƽһжƺûκͻأĵط
ৣ
ַ۾Ŀȴ͵˹㳡
ַ壬ôˣ
޵ȭʥŵѯʣϾǣ浽ѧԺʥߣҲܽš
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ûзκ쳣һжƽ̫ƽ˰
ಣ
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ʱ㳡ϣ˶ʤ֪ʶԨݽҲǼ׶úܶ˶ĺܳԡ
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ַʥߣ滹޵ȭʥʱ˶ˡ
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ʲôӣʤѧصĸУַʥ߶صĸУ
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ԺһַͶʤ֪ʲôϵ
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޵ȭʥҲɵϯ̨ϣüͷ˵
԰Ƕʤ
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ֻ޴ƣ̺ϢϢϯ̨иԺˣ񾳻߳ߣȴֵûС
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̳ϯ̨ô޴ʥ֣߳˵ʤŸոԾǨΪߣЩĳߣҲסַһơ
ʤôòףһʱ䣬㳡˴ҳܶȴһ˿ŭ
ʥ߾ͿԺɱˣ
ʤѧ̫ԩˡ
ʲôַʥ߲ϧԳ֣
ԭʤѧϣΪʥߣڣַʥȴֻһУΪʲô
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ַȴΪĿһֱ̳ϯ̨
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һƬУһӰȻվԭأֻһֻ֣ץסַֻƣ
صôôҵģ
ʤɫ糣Ŀ絶ֱĶַ塣


332 
ǰص˭㣿
ʵҲûз㣬Ϊ̫ˣҵľ籩һЩͨ˸ûκӰ죬ҲֻЩ˻߲ܸܵҵľ籩ɨ֮£ȴûκһ仯
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˾ʹˣʥߣɱһλߣˣҲܳܣܳ𣿡
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ʤһģַ˲һ㣬ȻֱˡҪַ֪ս壡ûбĳϫս壬սַ֮ʵʥҲƻٵһֱۡ
һֱ۰ˣֻʧһЩϸս΢΢䶯һѪûѸٵľѾ³һֱۡ
Һܺ棬㵽˭
ַҲƽĶŶʤǰȻûбƣȴһǿҵΣոоַڵʵܸоΣգǾ;Բֹʥô򵥡
ʤһЦ¶˽׵ݣɵ˵˭㲻Ƕ֪ԽҹħߣʤҲСôˣҶѾϰʹöʤˡ
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ʤ֣һһ̤֮УϵϢȴһš
ɷ񾳡񾳣
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ʥߵĶʵ󣬱ϾҪպǳ֮תΪôĶԲصġ
ʥ߰أȻôǿһЩϡŹֵҲ˵𣿡
ʤ֣Ӹ£·߸ϵ֮һ㡣ͷϵĳ޷ԶһȵϢȻ䱬ƺƵסѧԺ




Ŷʤʩչһһ桢粻ϵĽ֯Ű޵ȭʥӿʼ𾪣ڽľ
ľˣʲôʱҲһһ޾ˣ
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ַ壬Ѿַɱİ̩ʥ߶⣬еʥˡ
Ŵʥһ֣ͬʱصĽأʱеۼߣ϶ʧء
ǣȴòΪʤԶЩۼҪ¡
ЩʥȻ޵ȭʥ֪ͨģȻܵͬ๲ͬĵǰȴͬ
ʤʲôˣǱôʱ䣬ɱ
ʥһȣѾȻɱ̵ıǡࡱ⡰ʤ࣬ʵϣȴ࣬һǡࡱ
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ܺãŴʥ߶ˡҲգҲˣȤĶڶǷˣǾǰɡ
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333 Ҫ
䣡
ͻȻһضɽҡַֻ޴ĽƲ£ʤʧˡ
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ŶʤһʼͣѸٵı仯ûЩڵȡ֮ĳƺַЩϤϢ
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ʤ׿񱩣ӵ͵ĳ˳һβͺݺݳַϡͬʱλʥٴʩչһľɽһ㣬ѹ˶ʤϡ

ʤϵЩѪɫ۾Ȼ䡰ˣǧѪɫâЩѪɫâкǿҵĴ͸ԣ˲˺˰λʥߵ
ǰλʥߵȫѪɫâ˺ѣƬնȾһƬѪɫ
λʥƣȫܵشǿ˺ѣȻûΣգȴʧȥս
⵽ʲôࣿ
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ͣ
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ԭʤӴʱȴһ㣬˲ɱȥַĸܵʤġ֮ԴԴϵı֮ìš
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ۿŶʤɱϢѾʣ޼ˣʤȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ĺŽѾ죬ĩռǾ黶ɣҪˡ

ַ˻֮ìʤҲɱ绯ĸʬһ㣬Ȼ˵ϡ


334 
ˣ
ַ忴һۻΪʬĶʤǶԷʵ͡ڶʤĳı仯֮ͺַĳϫսһԸоϸеĻ仯һҲôѡ
ַʥߣʤʲôࣿ
ʥ˹λʥȻ˺ѣްϢһʱָܹˡ
ڶʤֿµġࡱλʥ߶Щ
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֪ʵֻ࣬ЩǴԶЩۼ
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ʤǿǿǿףҪԱȣֻԾǨʥǲܹ
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ʥ߶ĿԪһʥߣַҲ⡣
ĺŽѾ죬ĩռԣ仰ҵȷʥߣҲӦÿǵһǰǹͬ̽ڷϿȣһϵʯּ߲仰𣿡
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ʤϵĶѹˣֻһмֵϢȫɾˡʤƺһգĪͳˣ൱Уصôλʥ߶Ƕ֡
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ȻַյһϢǰ̩ʥߵҲʱţֻλʥ֪
Ϣǿʥ߷ģ渽ŶԶʤĵϡ
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ַ΢΢۾ͷԺ˸š
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335 
¡ַ̹˳ͶŵӰƺҲЩԥ
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ˣڶ࣬һԾǨΡĴԾǨǶ಻ʤΨԾǨķǳϡ٣Ҳ֪ûУϾڶѾĩˡǸʱ򣬵ڶҲٱΪһͷޣ
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ͼ磬Ȼڻ֮У̶֮ɱΪֻϧÿһζʧˡȻȴûΪϻĻ̶֣ĵǵΡĴΡֱǵھŴ
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ӵڶڰ˴Щǿʢһδεĸƺԭַ֪һжΪޡ
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ֻӳ˰ٷ֮һϾĻ֮ìǱԴ̺һźǵԴȫӳܹشɱ
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336 
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ַ˿ԭΪԾǨԸˣԺɨޣȴͻȻһͷޡ
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ַ·ɻ˷ɴ޵ȭʥǣػܲء

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ΪԺйڡļ䡣
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Ҹҿ϶ͷģȴֻʣһСƬô϶Ƭɢ磡ֻҪܹҵЩƬĻĴԾǨԾǨҲȫûϣ
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337 ʥ
ַ壬ܹɱһͷҶȡģ仯ΪƬϡʵֲ̫Ҳϵΰ
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ǣ浽ϵ붼롣ʲôֵ֮һλϵӣ
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ͷʮʯѾûƬˣǾ͵طȥѰңءڷϿȶ⣬أ
ַѾ˴㣬ѰƬǵ֮ţһкܶƬɢϣܾĳȴһֱûб֡
ַ壬һ˵ҪѰҵƬʵ̫ˡҲûʲôãӦԼƣôֻΪԼΪԣӦ÷ˣѰƬ
԰Ӧ÷ȫһѰңҪ˵λʥ߿ɲףиɡ
ɻ򵥣ڵʵʲô㶼Ҫͣͽ޵˵ʥһ㣡ΪΨһϣˣЩʥߣһ˼ʮϰʱ䣬Ȼ֪ζʲô
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ַϵλʥߡ

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ǵһε֪޵ϢʱһżᵽޡԭҲ⣬ϰʱ䣬½಻ͬĹᵽޣǵӡ
ǵĵ㣬ǻɺڷϿڣޣҲΪʲôԪһʥߺͿʥ߻ڷϿȵԭ򡣡
޵ȭʥ渵֪ȫ˵˳
ԭҲѾһЩ˿˽⣬㵽޾ںڷϿȡ
ַʥߣȻ֪޻ǰѣûа취Ըޣ
ʥߺȻѯʣĿҲ¶һ˿ڴ
ڣ˭ַ֪õ˾˵ĹУڶѾĵһʥˣȴûٸʵףÿһλʥ߶ԼܣֻҪַ廹࣬ΪսǾˡ
ڣΨһϣҲַˡ
˵ڴַȴҡҡͷҲ޷Ըޡһ취
ʲô취
Ҷ֪ҵõһЩУҪһѪɫˮҳ֮ΪģԺҲͷʮʯ߷ֵġܹҵ㹻ģ˵ҵʵܽһʱ򿹺Ҳǲܡ
ַ彫ĵͼʥ߿һۡ
ã̷ȫ뾡һа취ѰģַʥߣʵѾԶʥˣΪķչҲΪ˸õĻʵַʥ߿ɷԳ֣ȥЩۼ
ʥ˵ʥҲڴĿַ塣


338 ж
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˵ַ꣬ͳͶӰֻ˿ʥһ˼ı顣

ڶ죬ػܲһһҵķɴ
ӷɴ߳ˣȴػ˵ÿһλ߶ޱȵ𺳡
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ڳжҲǺֵ֧ģֻЩַ壬Ҳַ֪ʥߣǾͱ縺Σ

һҷɴֱӴػܲգѸٵĳʲɳĮȥ

ĳڵأɪɪƺڿ־ʲô
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339 ʲɳĮ
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ǣҲ˻ǧĳ壬·һ֧һ㣬ųɽȡ

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Դַľ˵ûԹľļǶ٣ˣžĲӡַ̽Ҳ֪ļޡ
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340 һ
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341 츲
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342 Ԩ
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ΪĴһأԨΪصĵطѧԺıʥߺͿ˹ʥߣʵǳԨ
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Ȼһɴ׳ˮȻϯ˲䳯еһҷɴȥˮϯƽ·һӱӿ


343 ë

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344 򻯰ս
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345 ʹ
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346 
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ټɺúƫģԴɺʹãԷ߶Ѫˮߡ
ȴû뵽䵽³
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ģȥʹҿ϶ˣȻǵʹע⣬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
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ַӵļƬΣҲûַʧƬļƬΣƺѾˣƬеѾΪϵ档
棬ַʵûʲô֪ûĻȻҲ޷뵽У棬ַֻ֪ܺ嫡䡣
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ַһ˿⣬ոڲһСֶΣֻҪһٿ϶ͻᱻ֡
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ȻѾˣַ巴
·
ַƽ˵Ҳ뿴һͳƬмսĺʣʲô


347 
ڰĺʵַȻƽʵҲڰ
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348 ȡ
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349 ʵĳ
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Ѿʮְȫַ
еֳڣ˶Сֳˣÿ˵϶ҸЦݡ
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350 
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޵ȭʥҲս˫֣Ϊȴึ˲صĴۡ
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351 ĸ
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ʵãʹǱ𽥵ĺľԾǨþȻȻκȻȻԾǨ
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еĹеľֻ磬ΪʲôתΪʲô̮Ϊʲô籩ʵǷߣ֮ΪеУıʡЩƼ֮ΪҲо򣬵ǽԼĳЩߣɴڵȵȡסֻ߲ܹռУ߷򣡡
ǳϫս壬Ҹս壬ʺķ򣬾ǳϫ򣡳ϫʲôһЩϣϫˮˣˮ֮Щطϫǹ⣬ǾͿ֮ЩеĳѣǾĳЩѵķ򡣡
һ򣬿ӳϫսսܹԾǨ磬ԭʼ򣬶Գϫսʮ򣬶ԳϫսаٱԽߣôսԽǿԾǨҲзǳĺô
СһһͶӰʱ䲻ˣ㿴ˣһʱ䣬ݻһ鳱ϫ򡭡
ɵĻ£ַ͸оתӴʧˡǿ֮Уȴһɺ嫵ĺƺƵϯ
ϫ
ַк𺳣ˮĳϫô泱ϫ
泱ϫƺƵϯַ͡վڡǿ֮Уƾ泱ϫͣĳˢ
Ⲣ泱ϫǱݻģĿľΪַúõĸһȡϫ
֮У泱ϫΣڵϦ˵ȥϫˡ
ַܵ泱ϫϵĳʶʶȴѡָоǳһʼ𺳹Ѿ˹ʼϫˡ
⳱ϫƺƵϸܣȴܹܵϫ̺һƺϫһй˶̺С
Ƿ
йľֻˮơȵȣʵĳҲǷһ֡
ѧͣЩĳԭγɣֿѧԭֺγǷ
ֲֻͬˣɶ˵ƼҲоֻǽЩõһЩȥʹĳЩ߾߱ſֲ
ַ泱ϫ֮Уôϣݻĳϫܹʱ䳤һ㣬ܹõϫ
ֻϧݻĳϫܿʧˣַʶҲѸٵ³ȥ
ৣ
ַ۾ʱȴѾصҵУеǿ߲ʯͷѾΪʯۣɢһء
򴫳Уԭϵĸ
ַţ˱ɵĴУڿʼϵߡ
ƺԾǨû̫Ĺϵʵϣеĸһйľֻ
ﵽҪԾǨԵ÷ǳҪˡ
ҷսϣȫбЩűܵޡ
űܣճΪ
ʵ̫ˣûЩ߱ȫ֮
һλߣԭʼôսﵽʮǶôĿ£һ򵥵ӣַڵսʮһʮǾζźܿһʮս塣
οﵽ򼶣򼶷ĳ׶ΣҲսٱ
ԱһͷֻҪ˷ߣ¸ոԾǨΪɵޡ
ͬӴ󣬵ŷͬʵϣȫѹЩޡ
޳Ϊеףľ
һﵽ򼶷ȣûԾǨյĳǿ򣬶һĳЩ档
תֱ֮࣬׾١


363 
Ϊԭʼ򼶣ϣиıϵ漶ȵȡ
ַ彫Ҫǳϫ򣬶սǿ
Ȼ򲢲ֻһֻ֣Ϊַǳϫս壬ôϫ򣬶ڳϫսܴ
򣬶ԳϫսϾûʲôˡʱȴܹΪ
磬շ
пռ츳̶շܹռ䣬ռ֮ͨжֵ˲š
淨кܶ࣬ȴôףڣַۿ˱ݻĳϫʵڳϫҲûж
֮·
ӽ쿪ʼǱɵļˣ
ַ뿪ң棬¡̹
ˣѾΪ˵ļӡҾūͣһ·ߵ۷壡
¡̹ϥڵϡ
һͨĻелᱻѡУʻŷɴѰܹܱɴе
һȥʱ䡣
׹䵽Ƭ󣬾ÿһҲ޷طˡ
ַ壬ȫַ壬ȴû뵽ַһϲʱڣѾĴԾǨñɵУΪ˱ɵļӡ
һ˱ĴУ¡ַ̹ūͣκθı䡣
ַ˵ͷ¡̹˵ɣңպϣۣ֮ȻҪĶ
лˣ
¡̹Ҳܸˣַʱ䣬ȫ֤ġ츳
֡츳¡̹ܿģַȫû츳ǸͲô̵ʱڣĴԾǨ
ⲻǹ⿿Ƭܹﵽĳɾ͡
⿿ƬܹĴԾǨԾǨԾǨ治֪жˡ
ʵȴǣ˵Ƿǳϡ١
ˣ׼ʱعϵ
¡̹۾¶һ˿Ρ
ַȻ֪¡̹˼һĴԾǨ˱ɵĴУǱļӡ
ˣʵַͿԼʻɴصϵˡ
ַֺγ嫵ǿգ
ȴ࣬ϣǶԿΨһϣܾôһ֮
¡̹֪ҵ˼ûг֮ǰǲ뿪ġο뿪ܴĻ𣿡
ȷĻҲƲȥļ
ˣֻҪϫֻҪﵽԭʼԾǨǾͺпܴĻȻҲ׶Ը
¡̹ŵ˵
ַҲ˵ͷһ¡̹ûпʡϫﵽԭʼԳϫսʹﵽʮʱ򣬾ûԾǨսЩûԾǨˡ
ټϻ֮ìԸ޻治̫⣬οԾǨˣǻϾѹ
ϫεȺ嫣
ַۼ˱ݻһγϫȴûκͷ
ˣķɴûʲô
ȻľϵͳҲԸޡ
¡ַ̹֪뷨ķɴǻеȽķɴԸޡǻеȽķɴ˵ˣһҲֱһں䱬
ڷɴǿаɣȷػ˵
¡̹㿪ʼɴ
¡¡
¡̹ĲɴʼƬض𶯡
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Ͻ֪ͨصս׼
ɽصߺ͵ս˲֪ˣȻʱҪһЩɲҵġ
ԽԽң󣬵濪ʼѿһ޴ѷ֣ޱȵڰ·жħӵصѷƵġ
ಣ
ɳѷĲʲôħҲʲôޣһӴķɴ
ҷɴǳŹ֣ԲΣ¶͵ĹâĴӵص׷˳
ʲôɴ
ûм
Ӧòķɴɣѵǹķɴ
ɽصĵصйż
߶Ķι״ķɴѾʼϼ㱨ˣϾôŹֵ£ɽܹ˵ġ
ɴɹɽʱӷɴڴһ
ַ壬ҷɴһùɴǲþȡ
˵꣬ɴԶɽضȥ
ַʥߣ
ַʥߣû뵽﷢˹żķɴ
ԣַʥ߻ûгΪʥʱɽأǲǾǸʱַʥ߷˹ż
ЩѾһЩ²⡣
µΣַ壬ѾηˣѾվ߷壬ܣԼûκܹǿ


364 ʵķŭ
ַ巵ػˣػ˵һȨ޶¡̹¡̹ػܲ
¡ַ̹ǳˡ
¡̹ĹҲͲҪôķˡ
ΪӦ޵Σַ忪ʼװˣһ¡̹һЩеĿƼƳ
ȻҲһḶ́ģɱ¡̹϶첻ȴһЩеĳ
ԴʵƶĿƼչ
ܲܶԸޣַʵʲôϣܶԸЩޣԺǿЩܶԿˡ
࣬ΪƬף
ʽַ廹ǾǱ̫Сˡս;ⶼǱɵĲ֮أԲ˽Դڡ
ɲַֹһӵս壬̾뵽ԨеĺǣǶӵĳЩ򻯰ս塱
ӵս
ַ̾ǰԨֱӽ˺ʹ
վסʲô
ʹڵĺ޶ַӡ൱̣ÿַƺͲʲô¡
ʱ£
ַҲԵúܿϾ
ʱѾ˯ˣʲôº˵
Щַ塣
ţ
ַһ䣬ôǸӣɲǸЩӡ
䣡
ַһ֣Щ޾ͱֱҷɣԴ˿ַʵ㲻ʩչս壬ҲǶ֡
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Щ̾ͽʩչ򻯰ս壬ַΧס
ַȴ˿ţǸ˵ʱ£ٲЩ¾ͶҪˡ
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ЩŭɶЩ޵뿪ʹˣûпַǿֲս壬˸ܷŭ
ַһѸʩչϫս壬͵ʮ
޴ս壬ɢϢѹϢЩɫ䡣ʮս壬ǾԶԶǶ֡

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ȥɡ
ʳˣЩȻвʣǿַӴս壬Ҳ֪Ƕֻ֣Ȼȥ
ַ壬Ҫǣ˵һӶû뿪ԨһҲûмʶգǾеİȻЩ
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ַ΢΢һЦںʣôЩޣ
ַ壬ǰΪ£
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ѾĶˣ㻹ҪģҲֻܱܺǸ
Ҳȡĵģȡս֮;֮
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ҵȷУЩǲ֮أ޷ڸˡΪǰȡս֮
ַ壬ѾƬս壬£˴ս֮ҲȨڡ
ֱӾ;ܾˡ
Ǻʱ»սֻ֮Ҫս֮ԡ
ûˣҵһܹҵս֮
ַĬһѾˣֻʣ˺ʣʲô
ʲϣʵַҲ⣬ϾҲս֮Ҳ˽Դڡʵûúʴڡ
Ѿ޹غԴˣ档
ʱ£޳ѣҪԿޣǾ͵Ӧȥ赲ޡԺʱҲģʱ¶ùǰĸôܱ֤ÿһζܶȥǱ޷Ԩʱ»ܶȥ𣿡
вң
ʵҲЩ߳ŭ
ʱ£࣬ʵʵڰﺣʹ
ַᶨ˵
У˵컨׹ս֮Ҳᴫڳȥ㿴µЩޣҴڵҲǼ򻯰ս壬ĥСֶΡ
ַʵҲûжʧѾͲµˣ˿϶ô˳
ˣַֻ²ˡ
ʱ£Ǿ͵ˣ
˲䣬ַͣתۼ͵ʮһ
Ӵúʹ𶯡
ͬʱֱַӴźʵڵĺץȥ
ַ壬ң
ʴŭţӴҲ̾Ͷ
ʵһߣֻǣߵʵ̫ӴˡӺʵ˲䡰վ
ַһοʵġĿ
ʵս壬ʮϵϢҲĴԾǨԶַĿǰκεˡ
࣬壡
ʮֵķŭʹΪʵķŭڲϵĻζţ·ʱ̮


365 
źʷŭģַȴޱ顣
µȷЩǷϾʸַƬַĴԾǨڣȴвȺʡ
Ķ֣ȻʲĶ֣֮ġꡱҪȻ޴ˡ򲻵ѣǾԲвȺʣͺʶ֡
ʣ¹ˣѵûһתأ
ַʮһսبںʹУʵǿ
䣡
źʵվʹڲͣš
תأַ壬ս֮ʵҲǲܸ㣬Ҫȼ۵Ľ
Ҫʲô
ַһϲ򲻵ѣͺʶֵģȻɿڣǾٺòˡ
֮ìҲһ£ңպԾǨҪһ֮
ãһΪ
ַûκԥ֮ìʲַ岻κϰڵڶʵںʲᣬƬĶ飬ַͲǣպԾǨȻʡ
ǣֱַӸ˻֮ìʡ
Ȼ֮ì֮ǿҲĴԾǨˣǿѹס֮ìԴַҲºʸڡˣϾַѾ˻֮ì׵ջС
һº󣬺ʽ֮ìַ塣
ս֮;֮㡣
ʸսַ֮۹⣬Ȼܿȷս֮
ǣַһϲллʱˣԺ޿⣬ԨԶǺʵأò֣
˵ַ꣬˳ϫս壬Ѹ뿪˺ʹ

õս֮;ֱַ֮ٿʥ߻顣
ʥߣַ壬ֻʣλ˹ʥߺͿ˹ʥսʥƺû߳
Ȼַսˣʵȴһַ嵲סޣָʲôֵ
λʥߣٿʥ߻飬һϢ
ֱַ˵˵
ϢʲôϢ
λʥҲ˺ģڻʲôϢ
λʥ߶֪սˣĿǰֻĴԾǨȴΪԶλʥߵսҵȷĳִУǹĴУĴУ
ĴУ
ʥҲ궯һۣĿжһ˿ڴ
ַܣô᲻֪
ÿ϶ܣַʥϵܣǲȥ̽ϾǸһףпַʥ߶Ŀɳ
ˣλʥߣ˵İ̩ʥ߶⣬ʥ߶ַϵܣǱ̸ַܶἰǾֻһֿˣ
ַ彫ṫܣ
Ȼַ˵ʽϵҪս;ҵôӴʵս壬ԾǨս壬ȽǿģĴԾǨʥˣ
Σյʱ̣޵вһṫս֮;֮λʥ߿ۿʥѾĴԾǨеǱʵѾˡЩոմƻΡԾǨߣĻҲһá
ַ彫뷨˵˳ͬƹ㡣
ȻҲҪùѫйκ֮гġ
ζۣ޶ȵ飬ѸʵҪʥǽˡ
ַ彫ս֮;֮λʥߡ
λʥȻߣԴģܹԴһߵĴԾǨĵز츳Ǻεȵľˣ
ˣǿ֮󣬶ǳ𺳡
ԭоӰεľ
ս壬ȻȫνֻսԴ֮һˡ
£ǿ£ϵȻôǿ
λʥ߶ȫˣһȫµĴţǴδ򿪹Ĵšַս֮ΪǴȫµĴš
ֻǺܿϧѾĴԾǨʥǣʵǱѾԾǨսΣ
սս壬ԶҲ޷Ϊ
ս֮ϣͬʱλʥ˵ʵҲǳĲ̣Ѿ֪ǰ·ȴԶҲ޷ȥˡ
ʥ˵ǶϾǵǰ֮·
һõս֮һܹս壬һ
޵ȭʥܼʵҲɹɹĵ·ֻϧһ޷ϵģգҲֻǰ˵·ȥ
ȴû뵽һ·
һλߣһλգǶôĲ̺;
˭뵽ԭϵҴˡ
ʥ߳̾һַĿҲĪеӡ
Ȼǿʥȴб޶ȵˣߣһ׷ĽŲΪʥߡ
Ϊ˸е
أʥȴˣô츳׵˸һĵ·
֮ʥȴţһӭһ󱬷


366 
ػڣַ߶Ƚš
죬ƻ
䣡
Ȼַоˣһɿ񱩵Ĵд
ֲʣսĲ
Ϊ˳ƻս壬ַǽػڻ۵飬ŽҵС
һСʱ˳гˡ
ˣ
ַЩţЩϲʵ
磬㶼ĴԾǨһʥˣѵɩһԾǨ㻹ģİɣɩӿ϶ɹˡ
漣ҲЦ˵
΢΢ͷɫЩ΢죬˵һ˳Ѿɹ۳ս壡
׿ڻشַݺ˿
漣Ѿ˻Ҳץˡ
ַعͷ漣˵

漣ֻܿЦ˵ʲôȻƿػ˱Աʱ䣬ַ幫µϵ֮Ϊսϵػ̾ͻˡ
ǱԱߴͷ롣
ˣ漣ûдƻѹҲܴ
磬ˡ
漣æ뿪ʲôЦʱ²֪Ҫַѵ೤ʱ䣬ַ塣
Сӡ
ַЦЦϴٿʥ߻飬ս֮Ѿʱˡ
ڼ䣬ʢĻ񣬵Ϊ˲ƻ˶ûҪӡ¡̹Ҳ˵ַİʵǿĻܶûкӡ
ϾַĴԾǨĻεǿʵǱȽѵġȻܹԾǨַҪиҲôѡ
ַ壬츳̫ãԾǨ˺ӡ
ⲻܹ㡣ͰУôԴ޷ԾǨ𣿡
ַ尲ο
ʵַԼûкӣǲ̫ġԼٳ޷ϫȴЩڻ
ǣ޷ϫ򣬶ҾҲûжͻƣԾǨҲ͸ûӰˣʱ䣬ַ뵽ƿУʵûκ
ַ˵ǵһΣҲЩż
Ͼַ˵ʱʵǺˣֻʱ䣬ʹһְͨҵߣΪĴԾǨǿߣĵһʥߣ
ʥߵȰ˵ַſģʱˣôһֱַȴһЩꡣ
û޵вϣﵽǰδеķ٣Σޣɲһ
ַ壬вڵʲô
Ϊַ׽ˣҲַֻܸܵĵĲ
ַգ૵Σһֱûнܲʱˣһֱûκһ˳ȥߡ
ȥ
һ
ȥߣڳУ򣬷ģҲȥڷϿȵġֻѰѰĵĸжϫˡ
ַ֪޲ԵģȻս壬֪ģȴֻ¡̹ˣַεˡ
˿ֻҪȥڷϿȾͺãַ嶯óȻڷϿȣޣǿɾΣˡ
ںġ֡ΪŮˣֻںԼ˵İȫ
ȥɣȥҲãҲˣʲôҶ֧㣡
󷽵˵
ʱ䣬ַ֪Ϊһʥߣķ񡣲Ҫػ˵£ҪĴ¡
Ĳַ
ƽ⣬ַ֪ҪʲôȻַֹ塣
лл㣬ܺһˣ
֣ͷһ˿֮ܰ顣

ڶ죬ַͳˣûгɴҲûзУǸͷ棬һͨ˵ݣ뿪ػܲ
Ƚػ֮ǣػܲĳС
ػ˵׳Բǧ֮أѾȫγһĳУ˳Ⱥľػܲ
Ⱥ˿һڣ
ַڳǼгϣ׼뿪ػ֮ǡ
ǼгȫģٶȿԴﵽ屶ϣٶȼ죬ѷһЩɴٶȡ
Щ¼ǵػļʵ¡̹ػ˵ġ
ַڿλϣŮӣΪӢ䣬Ӧöģɫɥͷɥġ
ʧˣػѧԺôôѽ룿ҶѾʧΡ
ãʧΰˣҸ綼ʧΡֻҪػˣǴƻĸʣȴǸߴųϣ
ҵǼػѧԺΰĵһʥߴ˿룡
Ȼʧˣٽ˾ֱӴƻֻҪܹڶʮǰƻս壬ǾֱӽػѧԺˣ
ŮģҲʮ߰꣬û뵽ȴѾ־ػѧԺˡ
ǼػѧԺΪʲô
ַȻˣֱӶŮʡ


367 ֮·
ŮЩסˣΪʲôҪȥػѧԺ⻹һ⣬ƺûкúõĿǹ⡣
ΪʲôػѧԺȻΪ˼ػˣ˵ػرϸս룬òˣɸ󲿷ֵˡֻҪػѧԺһɹҵ˳ļػˡ
ԣǶػˡػ˵ּػˣػˣػ࣡ҾػҵĸĸãҵһУ
ػ˵߶ȥսǰߣսػˣϣΪеһԱ
Ůûκι˼ɣ˵˳
ã˵ĺã
гڵ˿ͣʮ߰Ů־ҪػѧԺһĶкãҹʾ⡣
ŮԵЩ̫Ȼ
ףղŵأ
ŮعǰӲˣǼǵøոӻʣôһת۾Ͳˡ
ʲô
ϣһŽɫĿƬ滭ػ˵ı־
⡭п
ûػѧԺпţղǸˣػѧԺĵʦɣ˵ֻеʦп
ԣʦпֻһˣܹ˵п
ŮѾˡǼæƬֻǣ¿ƬȴûӰ
ַ뿪˳ǼгղпҲŮһССػ˵ʥߣһʮػѧԺ
ŮҲʲô
ʱ䣬ᶼ˷츲صı仯
ַһʥߣػ˳ΪеʥءػܲػѧԺҲΪ˵һѧԺ
ַйأػйصģʱڼ͡
ʣػˣѾһ
һУΪַ壡
ַȴûκνֻǾš
ֵϣÿ˵ЦݣѧУУѧר־ѧϰҲУ츳ǺܺõߣŬϰš
ã˰ַô޽ƻ
ַĵּᶨһ֡
ַ崩һĳУȫĿţһ¡¡¡
֪䣬ַѾкĸĸ˶кԸ⵽ػȥַҲûǿ
ּкһָĴ壬磬һָĴ塣
ַԼ˵ĹҲϣҺô硢СãǵˣˣҲûгӵܡ
кУַûдؼһˣֻǸԼģ뵽͵кУһ뵽ȴкѧ
ǣַ嵽кѧ
кѧſڣһ޴ʯһЩѧУڵǰפͣ¶һ˿羴֮ɫ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣĵ
ΪһʥߣͶкѧôõᣬкѧô᲻
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373 ̣
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ĩ٣ɻڣɻڣǲӣǻˮҵˣͳͳԼ̡
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374 ĩ
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ʮ幫ս壬תۼѿַҲһӻָ͡
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375 кΣ
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376 ʥԱ
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377 
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378 ָ
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ͬһɽֲϢһβ֮֮ǰַȫʢʱҲ޷ֵ˵ڲֻʣλʥߡ
ۿ޵βҪַʱ
ৣ
ַ۾յӴֻһָ³֣𣡡
һ˲䣬綼ֹͣˣûо춯صҲûпַױҳһ̯ࡣ
ַָֻһָ޵βͣȻͬʲôֱӷֽƵģ̼ͻΪ˻ҽֻһ磬ַ
⡭
˶ˣʣµλʥ߶Ѷ۾·𲻸Լ۾
ûս壬ַջս壬ַ˿̵״̬޷ʩչս塣
ַڵȷǳ΢СҲƵģʱᵹ¡վ޵ǰֱͬһֻһ㣬ϸ
ֻСϵĴڣȴһָͽ޵βͻΪ˻ҽ
޵βͣҲʮռӴʮ֮һ
һʧʮ֮һβŭ
ȴ޵۾п˿־壬ǵģǿ־壬޾ȻҲ־ˡ
־Ķ󣬺ȻǵϣСϰַ壬һĿޣ˿ʲôǿơ
ȴԽ޿־壬˲ĵͺ
ϵϢԽԽǿңϵš
ַͣǼ¶һ˿Цݣһ֡
ˣ
޵ϵĲţٷŭţԴڣȴ͵һը֮ì·ɵַС
ַס֮ìһۻ֮ìڵ֮ȴҡҡͷ޲һ㡣ҲǣǱԴԾǨôջ֮ì
뿿֮ìԾǨ޸Ͳɹ
𡭡
޺ܿ־壬ַǳŭ֮ìĸǰܴвоҲһҪ
ǣַȥ
ַ۾ĸӦУֻʵĻɫ֮ϣɢŨ֮
򣬴ʱҲŴ֮
Ϊ޵Ű
ʱַȴǰַˣսƣûһһԾǨսǿ
ʱ˿̵ַȴǿģΪ
ַһ̣һ̣ԭʼ򼶡
⻹Īķַ̣̽Ѱųϫ򣬵ȴûһͷ
ԭʼ򣬳΢һЩ֮ìʵûκô٣ַʵͺޡ
һ򼶣Ǿʵˣ
򼶷ܹӰ쵽һתĳ˵ֻܹ򼶷
¶⣬֮治Сȴ򼶷ֱ̫˼ˡ
ַôĲ˼飬򼶷ֱӳΪҪѣȴ
򼶷򣬶Ӱޣµȴıɱ
ʹˣɡ
ַһָޡ
ʱ޵ʼһı𣬻ΪƬҽ
޲ϵţ޼£޷ֹ֮Ϊҽֱˡ
Ǵ޷赲
ַƵᣬһָ֮£̶Ƭʱ䣬޾ʹͷβջΪ˻ҽʧڷС
ˣ綼
ʥ۾Ҳһ̰
ô£
ûףҲûܿΣôˣ
ӵŻذֲޣ˰˴֣ôַ赭дƬ̼仯Ϊҽ
ˣô󵨵뷨
򡭡
ַ̧ͷ·𿴵һͬķ֮ϣÿһ򣬶ô嫡
ַ嶼ָоһͷ߶ϵһͷ£ͳͳ𣬻Ϊҽ
֮£һнΪϣ


379 ʢ
þˡ
ϲЩɻ󣬾ЩȣˣǱѹҲǱӡǳ׵ˡ
һ̣ȫ˶ϲֽٺĸо
ޣˣ
ʥ۾Щţղƺܻ磬תۼ䣬ȴˡ
ַ壬ô磬ս嶼޷ʩչɱޣ
ַ忴һۿʥߡʥߡ޵ȭʥʮʥߣҲֻʣλ
ʧεȲأ
λʥȥʮб١
ʤˣ޿ɵʤ
ַ̧ͷޱϲȴˣѾ֪˽֡
ʥߣʣµ½ǣڡֻؼң
ַӰһʧӰ١

Σˣһʱ䣬඼ڻΰʤÿ϶ϲõЦݡ
ײ㣬²˳ĥˣҲĵĸˡٿѣҲܱĩҪá
ǶȹĩգôǵҲӭոµһ棡
ַ壬㿴һжôãӣһֱȥ
ַڳУ˶ıһòˣûϳַλľʥߣ
ǵģַѾΪʥˣΪ˶λʥ֮һ仹࣬磬ַĵλ֮УѾﵽһ㡣
ַҲ΢΢һЦǰôãһжˡ
ȻĿǰֻʣλʥߣַڣʵ֪ǰǿ˶١ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ֻµսߣĴԾǨսҲ֡
ַ壬һϢ
ʲôϢ
һˡ
У
ַ΢΢һ㶣漴ľǿϲڵĵλѾûʲôܹôˡ
Уֱ͸ַõ
ԭַĴԾǨǿǣҪһӣʵǱȽѵģû뵽ھȻ˺ӡ
úϢҪʲô;˵
ʲôҪֻ顣
һҸַĻ

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һʢ£ȫý嶼ǵصıһţʥŮˣ⼸һСܵȫ˵ϲ
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˲սߣǶԾǨսߣѾͻһǧ֮˶ʮһλԾǨսߡ
ĴԾǨս߻ûеţĴԾǨս߳綼ᵮ
ڴͳѾױ̭ĩΣλʥߣѾ֧սУ˾Ļ
λʥߵʵѾǶʮһλԾǨսˣÿһλԾǨսߣԺɨǡ
ȴ˿ԺǵĵλĩΣλʥߣƾݣĽܵĳ羴
Ը˾Ļ󣬽ȨøսߣչʾǸ߷ڡ
ս߾֮⣬ĿƼҲһǧͿƼͬ㵮Ⱥ˷¡޲ȵȡ
֮ſƼ󱬷û࣬ҲӳǱ𣬲ʲô켲û޲Ҳ
˴󱬷ʱ
ԭڣػˣȫһή
ǰŽᣬǰǿǣ࿪ʼ򣬽İͼ
ȻЩޣҲûиϾɱרȦһأЩ޷ϢҲṩһЩֶоǿĿƼ
޵еĵۼȴǱϸƣһ˵ۼս߾ͻնɱ
ƿƬ綼ͳηΧ֮СżҲ̱ƬҲʱз֣ͳͳ͵ַС
ʱһΣʮʱȥˡ
ַûͻԾǨҲûʮʱ䣬ֻһǾӺͶŮ
ʮʱ䣬һϸɷҲһϸĸסȴԾǨ£ȴ˷£һͨһżˡ
ʮʱ䣬ַѾõ
ˣѾʮˣ׼ʲôʱ뿪
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380 Ի
Ѿʮˣǲᡭ
ַƽ˵Щӡ
ˣƿˣ뿪򣬿һҲ޷ԾǨ˵Ϊˡ
¡̹Щżȷַ嵣ġ
ַȷƿˣʮ䣬ûпԾǨ£ԴԴ͵УҲգȴûκͻơ
͸˵ԾǨˣĴԾǨͷ·ļˣһɽһ㣬ôŬ޷Ὺɽ
ַ֪ĳ־ޣ򣬱Ͼ̫Сˣ
Һú㺢Ӱɡ
¡̹˵ʲôַȴ˻֣¡ֻ̹εת뿪
ϣַŮͶʢڻ԰ɢ
һתۣˣʢҲˡ
Ȼп˵
ǰô죬оһתۣǶôˡ
ַ§ӣǰδеİ
ַ壬ȥӦ°ɡ
ţ
ַüͷЩĿӡ
Ц˵¡̹ҹˡ
¡̹˵Щʲô
ʲôû˵֪˵ʲôʮˣӦð˰ɣǾȥ°ɣѾʮ꣬Ҳ˽Ľȫռݣ㲻ҵһ֣㣬׷󡣡
֣µ˵ʵʮʱ䣬Ȼϲַߵӣֺγַ֪ʵ̫ϲӡ
ַʥߣһǾʥߣԶҲ׷ϵˣַܹʮ꣬Ѿˡ
ַ˿˵ɵϣİɣԺԾǨԾǨһֱȥǻԶһ𣡡
ַܼᶨʵ֪ڵʲôǱѾԾǨԾǨҲôס
ֻܻʱ䣬ַأǧû⣬պǧ궼пܡ
ʱ䣬һ޷ѵĲпʵ
ЦЦȴû˵ַֻڵÿһ죡

ػܲһƬտǶַ
а﷽ԲһˣֻһЩӲݡľʯͷȽϻ
ַϥһյϣɫƽ
쿪ʼˣս壬Ƿ
ʮˣʮڼ䣬ַûһζù֮Ѿﵽ򼶵λǣ
ˣ
ַһ綼ˡԭɭ֡ݡʯͷգʱѾ˻һƬ
УһжǺ۵ģĮע硣
ƬУһЩǧ
ЩдִҲϸСÿһһνǧǿʡ
򣡡
ַһӣǧ֮УһִķֶʱΧЩϸС׷ױˣΨب֮С

ʵַûһֱţֻȱﵽ򼶣ܹ÷֣ܹĿ
Ļԭʼȣ޷޷÷֡
ַ߶޴ķϵĽţܵϸСֱӻƬնŨ֮
ڷ֮£ֻҪôһнϣ
ⲻַַǽ˷Բܹɱޡ
սϣܹ֮ߵĸԶȱκһ֣ٲά衣
ַܹĴԾǨʵ򼶷򣬼ں嫵֮жǳټ
ﵽ򼶣ַʮ꣬ϴ飬ʹ鳹װҲ޷򼶵һ
ַʮʱ䣬ʹ鰲һҪϫ
ϫַĳϫսϢϢصķֻϧַսϢϢصĳϫַû򣬷ﵽ򼶡
ַ嶼Щʼδ
򼶵Ҳַϫž޴İΪܹʹԻǧ֮УַһĸЩ
ڣʱ䣬ַһĿա
Щǧ鲻ķ֮Уҵ˳ϫ
ˣ
ַԻֱֲӽһҪСһЩûǿ֮֡
Ҳ򣬻ҪǿһЩ֮Уһ򣬷ǿͻת
ϫ򣡡
ַǰһֱҪĳϫ


381 ϫ
ϫ򣡡
ַŴִķﵽ򼶣ô룬һֱۿϫ붼Ҫ롣
Ҳַܹļˡ
ڽĹ۲£ϫֻ˵ַʵ̫̫ˣͲʺϳϫ
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䣡
ַ忴ʲô
ĺˣֲĿ磬ȵĻ棬һһؼŰš
ϫǳϫ
ϫָˣп糱ϫ泱ϫ泱ϫȵȣķ򣬽ֻһֹ
ƺƵи߾еͣϫ֮ض졣
ַ峹׵ĳ˳ϫķ֮Уһ졢졢졭
һֱ죬ڼһֱûǰַ壬ַ֪ʲôҲ֪һַζʲô
ڣַ͵۾
ؼɵѾʧˣַѸٵͣգۼ͵ʮ幫ѾַĿǰļˡ
ĴԾǨļޣս壬ַ岻޵Ķ֡
ڣһսеÿһϸͺϫһ㣬Ĳ춯սÿһϸ۵˼ޡ
䣡
ַһȭض·ݣ֮Уһɫѷ죬ת˲šַȻܹһȭռѷ죬ʵǲ˼顣
ȻַһȭѾĴԾǨȫһȭôˣǳϫ
ǳϫֻԭʼַսǿʮϣ
ʱ䣬ַˮ¥̨ȵ£ôĸϫˣܸϫǼֱûκγϫ츳
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Ҳ˶ѣϫﵽԭʼʵ£ܶ˶ܹϫԭʼ
ֻǳϫ򣬻ķֻҪܹ÷Իķ򣬸Ͳ⡣
ϾԭʼķȣͲʲôֻдﵽ򼶵ķȣѵġ
ȻĳЩķ򣬱ʱ䷨򡢿ռ䷨ȵȣЩķ϶ˡ磬ַ򼶵ˣԻôķ򣬵ΨԻʱ䷨ҲԻռ䷨
ķ򣬼ԭʼҲǳ¡
ַ嵹֪пռ츳ռ䷨Ҳǳѡ
ˣϲ㣬˳ϫ򣡡
¡ֳ̹һַУԺַʱ
ַ鵭Ȼƽ˵ⶼ򵽳ϫ򣬿ʧˡֻԭʼȣﵽȣʱڸܡ
ַҲҡҡͷȻ֪ϫжô򣬾ԭʼȶİ²Ŵﵽġ
պҪﵽ򼶣ǱĳֻԵ߼
ַﵽ򼶣Ҳƾմﵽģʱ̣ڵϸһſŵıʱУﵽ򼶡
߰ɣȥ濴
ַս壬͵һԾֱӳϫշȥ
㣬ַܿ͵ִ㣬ٴοǲĻַתʱĻȴѾˡ
ĻȻһ𣬼ѾΪһ֣ƿĻǾͱƿ򣬾߱ź򿹺
ԭˣѹ־˵ҪƿĻ
ַ˿ʩչ˳ϫս壬ʮ幫ĳϫս壬ټϳϫ
䣡
ַһȭڳϫļӳ֮£սоÿϸÿϸս⡣
һȭ
ǲӴĻҲͬˮĲһѸٵ˷ɢš
ˣ
ַȻӦƺص׵ĵھҵţһȭĻϣȻǣ˵
Ļϵʵ̫ˡ
ַһȭĶҲܴĻϵ˸Źâƺܵ˼𶯣Ͼַһȭгϫȫѷɫޡ
Ļָֻԭûκα仯
ַҲû̫ʧ֮СϾгϫΣҲûƿĻȻҲ޷ƿĻ
ѵҪȵԾǨǳϫﵽ򼶣
ַ齥ƽȻ֡
ৣ
ַг˻֮ì˭ַ֪ڴﵽʱʵѾȫ˻֮ì
ǵģԴַȣ֮ìȫ
ʱһ˿ѷɫһ
֮ì
ַǰֱ˻һƬ󣬻֮ìȻ䳤һֱ˼һֲֻì滹Ĳ˻ơ
ǻ֮ì̬
ͣ
֮ìڵ֮ӿΪһ̣ݺݵĴĻ֮ϡ


382 Ȼ뿪

ַͺһʱ֮ìڵ֮͵ı
ǱԴܹ˵ȫ˿Ҳѷɫһ
ǣַ߶֮ìȫһǲĻȻ˺һӡ
ӣ𶯣޾ѹл֮ìڣַ岢η塣
˳ӣַ忴ǿա
嫡ڰ֮ƬǿպԶǿգƺЩ̫һַֻһۣƺܸܵ͹¼š
ַ峢Ҫ˳ӳȥԥˡ
ڻʱ򡭡
ַסĵĳ嶯ջ˻֮ìû˻֮ìѹƣĻֽĻָ
Ļ򼶵ܹƣ֮⣬ַȻûгΪﵽ򼶣ܹ֮ìȫ
ˣŻ֮ìԴַž߱ǿԲܹ˺Ļһӡ
ĻѾַָҲڴֱͣӷػܲ
̫ˣˣܹ˺ĻǾܹˡ
¡̹͸¶˷֮飬ȴһʵѾȴ˺ܳʱ䣬һûзĿˡ
ǰȥˣЩ±ðźá
ַصػˣػȫ޸¡̹ķɴϾֻ¡̹ҷɴž߱溽еƼۺǰ漸ιĿƼʵҲ޷ǼʺС
޸ɴַڸĸػˣҲ¡̹һЩˣֻˣַΪע֮ǶԾǨһɱ
Ļ֮ìһ֮Ͼֻл֮ìڵ֮ǴӺлֲܾ֮߱
Ϊ˱ˣһЩ֮ìڵַ֮Ҳϧ
Ϊˣַڼڼ䣬¡̹ļԼػ˵»صĲϣһ߻ˡ
߻õҺ̬ϣɴСǿԱ仯ġȻȫǻ֮ìڵ֮
߻ûػ˵κε֮УֻȨޡ߻ˣԺɱԾǨˣֻҪԷû򡣻ޣ֮һԵ߻˶ܶԸ
߻ˣԱַˡ
Ȼ߻ֶΣַµĵơϣַ𽥵ķػ˵Ȩ֣漣ңػ˵װ˵ȨޣҲա
һַ뿪ˣҲܰȫ
תֹ꣬ŶӺŮ𽥳綼ѾɼңַҲ궯
Ҫ뿪ˣȥ׷ѰԼ룡
ˣˣ
ˣ
¡̹㲻˵ˣɴѾȫ޸ˣʱ뿪
ַҪ뿪ʵַֻ̫׼һˣεˣ

ҹĻ٣ַһ˻԰
Уҫһſҫ۵ǳ׺źڰǿա
治֪֮еǳǺεȵģ
ַ忪˵
ȴû̽ӻǳһĵ˵ַ壬ȻЩ᲻ã֪Ҫȥ׷Լ롣ȥɣһסػˣסļң

ַû뵽ôͨʵ˳Ϊ޺ʲôס
ȥɣ˩ҵߣ̫̣Ҳ̫˽ˡ֮ҲȡԾǨԾǨܹ黹мûֻϣ뿪󣬲Ҫңʲôʱﶼĸ
ַᱧסͳ˵İɣֻȥ̽һģʱһԴĻ˶֮С
һҹ˯ĺ죬ٽɫֻǻɵģַȴѾˡ
ˣҪ𣿡
߰ɣѾ֪ˡ
ַٻͷһ̤뿪ҡ
¡̹Ѿ׼׵ɴʼɣػܲˣҲͱ¡̹֧ˣˣַѡʱ뿪˭Ҳ֪
ַߺҲַչأ൱ʱǲַ֪Ѿ뿪˵¡
ŷɴɣػܲҲԽԽСһڵ㣬ֱʧ
ַ岢ûпڷɴɺ󲻾ãվ˴ǰĿŷɴɣĿвᣬȴź
ԣʵϣַһ뿪ܣ˵ַĸΨһģΪַػ


383 Ǽʺ
ɴٴĻ£ַ˳ȥ߶еĻ֮ìʱ֮ì˺һ޴Ŀӡ
ɴ˳Ĵ˺ѵĻз˳ȥ
ಣ
ڷɳַٻͷһʱȻھӦ֮Уȫʧˡ
ʧˣ
ַЩԾٴε֮Ӵľһɨȥ֮ǰĸӦһľӦȫʧˡ
ַȴԺĿ
ѵΪǲĻԭ򣬵εĸӦ
ַֿԺܴ¡̹˵ĻǱҲǽ
ܹھСءһֱܡϾЩӦΧǷǳֲģַڣܸӦϰٹ򣬸˵Щˡ
ܾһɨ֮£ܷһЩĻ͸ӦΪһƬհףʲôûС
ֻĵִ۾
¡̹ô򣿡
ľȻ֮еˣ֪ƯҲȫ⡣÷ɴϵ̽̽Ҳһֻ۾ܹ򡣡
ַ˵ͷȷܹŹ֡
ˣȻƯҵķɴһֱм¼ˣȷꡣˣҪεļס꣬Ժֻܹҵһҵ溽ߣҾͻɾɴһ·
ַ˵ͷ¡̹ܽ
֮УӵӵܶࡣһûеһλǷǳΣյġǿǿпΪ̰
ˣַûսΪǰûе㹻ǿʱǲλñ¶
һ¶ĸǴľǻ
Ҽסˣ뿪ɡ
ַٴĿһĸǣɴ㿪ʼȥ
嫵棬ַ廹ǵһεִ֮У䡢ڰҳŸָҵ
ַ廹ɳɴ֮Уĳϫսܹסʴ֮ڣԳ̫ˡ
ĴԾǨں嫵֮УͲʲôҲǸͼȻַǾͷͬһˡ
ַ峢Թ֮Уǿ֮һ籩
ԭʼĳϫȴһ֮У𲻵ʲôáֻϳϫս壬ϫս
ַףֻе򼶣ܹ֮һá
֮У͵סį
տʼַ廹˷ܣΪ֮еʵĶЩ򣬻ʯĳ
ƺһжô档
ʱƣһ¡¡¡
ºַ;һжܷζˣƺɴ˼ʱ䣬һ㲻䣬Ǳڵ档
ζ溽е
¡̹ȷ·ȷģ
һַ̲ס¡̹ɡ
ɴ屶ٷУҲǷһʱ䣬ľ룬ȴûκα仯ɴûܷɳƬϵ
ʵˣһϵǼǧֱм򡢼ʮֱϵ
ַķɴŷɳľ룬Ͳʲô
ҷɴʵٿԵõʮ٣ĵȴһ֡˵ʮˣʮ٣ڷɴϵҲ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
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386 ǵ
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388 ն׶ӣ
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ַ˵꣬ȻôеӻһҲûҪ뿪Ĵ㡣


389 Ǯ
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Ƽֶڶ࣬սϣʵǿƼȡʤ
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ЩǿĿƼǶԱԵҿֲսЩϵΰս
̻óҼǽһһң
ַȻˣӵл֮ìµıԴһ߶Ͳѷ
οַ廹ִﵽ򼶵ķ򣬳ϫ
ֻҪͬʱԼǧҼǽַη塣һ̻ᣬַں
ȱǮİɣǮöˣ
ַڡ̻ûһ

أ
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ǿն׶ӰܶԸԾǨն׶ӣȻʧһ룬ʧ˲أն׶ӳĵһΡ
᳤߻˵һλ򡭡ɱ̻ܲ
˵̻꣬Աæͷ̻߲Ƕôıŭ
һȴûп̻߲㱩ŭĶǱԵ
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᳤㣬ӦòԷڻն׶ʱʹõֶΣӦǷ򣬶򼶷жԷһڷż츳ߣ򵥡
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򼶷Ȼ֪ζʲôսߣһܹ򣬶һЩѪǿЩޣ޷
Ҫԣս֮ϣ
ܹĴԾǨݣܹ򼶷ⱳζʲô̻߲Ȼ֪
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ϵΰǸ붼ûȥ롣ʲôЦϵΰں֮УҲǶΰڡ
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Щðգ̻ʧôأһһЩʧֲһ£̻ǵǿ澡ʧûʲôԡ
ǽܶãϸߣǶԸЩɿϸǿսΣ֮һϧһдۣҪץסߣ
̻߲Ѹ˾ϸҲĳ֡һΪǵ۹ƿء
̻ᱳˣӴ󣬸㵽ҲͲʲôˡ
ǻҪ´㣬ֳһЩĶ鷳ΣһҪץסʳꡣ
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̳ǧն׶ӣؿó֧ϸУҼǽۿڣʱ
̻һҲֻҼǽˣһӾͳҼǽ
ȻֻΪ壬̻ް̣֮浽򲻵ѣǽӰٴҲòˡ̻ḶһЩشֲۣǵ۹ʧˡ
ڵǵ۹ƿͲǰϸǽսô̻У

ַںһСʱʱʱ䡣
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ݣ
ַ廹ûпˣȻһɫĹ͵һգۼ͵ַǰ
ͣ
ַͷԼ壬ǵɫƺûʲôɱѪû
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ˣϸԶµսϸʹʧȥκη֮
¡̹ʧɫû뵽̻ϸУҪ֪ϸǷǳֲԸЩսߵ
ַ屻סˣʩչս壬޷ʩչ

ܿ죬ӿ˴ʿȻ̻ľʿ
ߣ˰ɣ̻Ծ·һ
ŶԷԽԽַ巴ûˡ
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ַһӣʱƾչһ磬һ㣬ԽԽֱֲϯһУжƷ
򼶵ķεȿֲ
˵һˣǸۿڶױ١һЩС͵ǣ򼶷ܴݻһ
ս壬ȫǶڣս޷ܹʩչ
ЩѲϽϸһҪץס
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ټĺб٣̻Թʧ
ಣ
ϸ䣬һɫâͬһ㣬ַ
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ַһѾ׼ôܻ̻˵óѣ
Ȼϸַȴ޲ߡǰһɻ籩ѸٵЩɫâС
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Ȼûиߵ֣֮ÿַصã򣬾ϸҲܹġ
ַ廹򣬽뵽ڵϸֱַоָֻ
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ַҲٿֱʩչ˳ϫս壬ʮ幫ս壬ĴԾǨȷ㲻ǿǵǣͻȻʩչս壬Ƿǳʵġ
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ǽΣ̻һЩѵǲԹǮġ
ַ˿ӴȻֱ˿Уһ˫ֺݺݵץҼǽ
̻üֶΣһжС
ǽ̻ĸǿ壬߽Ҽǽٵ̿𣬺ɱߣ
᳤̻һҧɫԵ
λǳˣ˭Ҳû뵽߻˿ֲϸκβ˶Է
ҲֻĴ㣬ǽַɱ
ҼǽҲ¶˳ڹܣǼǾڣһȥһҪܵش
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䣡
Ҽǽȫһ뿪
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Ȼ˿̵ĳϫսͬˣϫԭʼϫʮ򼶳ϫﵽһٱ
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Ҽǽ˲䱻ץ쳹Ƭա


391 ռ֮

̻߲ĿҼǽֱַץĻӳƬգ᳤ҲĿһĻ
ˣˣ̻ûܵ˲صĴ
ڣȴַûʲô취ǿҼǽһֱܹӱ򱬣ַȴûˡ
ʵҲûãַĳϫսȷܵ˺ǿĳս嶼άֲסҺóϫﵽ򼶣ʹս涼һٱԲܹǿֵס
ǽң¾͵ֵסˡ
ǣΪ˶Ըַ壬רŴ㣬ǵҪ£ˣֻĿַɱ̻˺ͷɴûа취
µǣַѾƽ̻ܲ
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һλȻܶ࣬ҲóܹƽϢߵŭ̻ỹܼչԺҲֲʧ
ôˣϽȥ߽ӴҪƽ
̻߲㼯巴ˮ᳤̴̻ȵУǵôģһ߾ǱϥǻҼǽǻܴطӡ
᳤Ĵʹ̻˲ɹľ޴ʧһ飬᳤ͬжΣ¹ѡµĻ᳤
ǲ̻һִġ
᳤̻оԼȨޱˣµȨûˡþʧĴţֻϧôУ޷ıʵ
̻Ტһ˵̻ᣬ˴ľ᳤λҲͷˡ

ַѾ̻ܲվˡװԱͳͳĿַ塣
𾴵ߣһжᡣ
Ӵ߳һӣַ幧
᣿ǽˣҲʲôᡣ
𾴵ߣһе׶̻Ļ᳤˴жϣҲ˴ľ̻ĵѾʧȥ˻᳤֮λұһͷš
˵գԷַһƵƵУ̻Ļ᳤ֱӱǿд˻ңȻ󶪽ڵĴС
ַף̻ǵĻ᳤û᳤ƽϢַŭ
Ȼǻ᳤ľǻ᳤Ŀ̻ᣡ
ǵȻԣ׼һλ𾴵ߡ
Էһ֣̾һλ
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𾴵ߣ̻Ĩȥʲôôأֻйһʱ֮߰ˡ
Ȼ뱻ĨȥǾó⡣λһֶ٣
⡭
̸еԥˣλ⿰һˣûȫ
ʵϣ̻ĸ߲Ҳע̸еḶ̌λ֣ǵɫҲͨ졣
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ַ˵̻ܲ⣬ӦǾͽ̻ǵĨȥַʵ
λͳͳǽѵ̻븶ʹĽѵ޴Ļ᳤鷳
ԣ޴Ļ᳤޴ľڵ鷳ܽѵ
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磬һλʵܹ൱λ飬ڷɴС
ַƴ֣ӵλľ޿ﻹں˷һ㣿
ǣֱӴλ˸ۿڵķɴС
¡̹֣ȥռͨ
ǣɴУ˸ۿſռͨȥ
Լʱ󣬱ִ˿ռͨ
νĿռͨһ޴Żب֮УרһӴĻάſռͨ
ַɴ˿ռͨǰҲܻڿء
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ռ֮ſʼҵ𶯣һɴѾʧӰ


392 Իռ䷨
ɴڣַ巢ַɴ⵽߲ʵĹâʣֻܸоԼڷɣԾ
ʱʧظУɴϵͳҲ޷⡣
˳ȥҪ̽ռͨ
ոȥоܾͺһ׵ͨһ㣬֪ͨȥ
ַЩˣʵÿһͨй̶Ŀռͨ÷ɴͣ£ͽһͨôͿִܵһϵ
ռͨ棡
ַԿռ䷨ҲŨȤΪռͨ߱ռ䷨ܹңռ䴩ĻҲþ߱ռ䷨򣬶һôﵽ򼶣ܹ֮д
ˣռ䷨򣬶ʯпռ䷨𣿡
ַһó˶ʯ
ǰֻ֪ʯԻ򣬵Լ˷򣬲ܹڶʯԻҳָһķͿʱˡ
Լûķ򣬿Ի
ַǰûԣҲǿΧĿռͨ뵽˿ռ䷨򣬶Կռ䷨ȤԲһԡ
ַþסʯȻԺвϵ߶ſռ䷨
һӡʮӡһʱ
ַǸɵۣΪʯûκα仯
ַЩʧȻʯҲܵģ޷ԻԼûķʵַ͸뵽ģöʯԻ򣬶ֱʩչסʯԶʯŻзӦ
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ֱַóϫס˶ʯ
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ģʯȻһ˿仯ԭԻĳϫ򽥽ʧֲãռš嫵ĸо
⡭ǿռ䷨򣿡
ַ۾ʯеķ򣬾ԲǳϫҲ򣬵ǺĿռͨƵϢ
ֻԶԶûռͨڵϢǿС
ǿռ䷨ҲһԭʼĿռ䷨
ʯʲô
ַĺ𾪣Ѿܸ߿ʯˣڿǵ͹˶ʯʯȫ
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ϫַʵˣһǻһ̶Ӱġ
ռ䷨Ƿзǳһ֣ʱ䷨һʱշ
ȻǾ̫ңԶˡ
ַ廹ܹöʯԻʱ䷨򣬵ûмʱ䷨ҲûöʯԻʱ䷨
Ͼռ䷨ҲΪַ˿ռͨռͨģöʯԻռ䷨
ৣ
ɴһ󶶶ַͷ֣ΧĿռͨѾʧˣȡ֮Ǻɵǿա
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¡̹ܼ˵Ǿġҡ
ˣ¡̹˵ǻеӦڻеɣôڱϵ
ַѯˡ
ˣȻǻеҴСڱϵϵһݲ磬ڱϵƼȵȣԺƽ壬ܵˣΰϵɴ˵ı
򵥵˵ϵûʲô˱ɴ˵أϵڣֻҪûΥɴ˵˭ǸݵΰԱϵҼģƽȶˡ
ԭˡ
ַ˵ͷ¡̹ı֪ڱϵģʽǷǳӵġ
ϵǱɵأһжԱɸ˵־תַ;ÿֲǺεǿӵӰ
ܿҪˣϣɻʦһλΰϵַ뿴ϵΰǺεģ
߰ɣȥǣ
ַڱҲڴǣɴĳŲԶǿ˿ѷɫǵǣҪӴȥ


393 ӻع
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ˣв²Ҳֻǵ;˵ĻϡԥǻеϵٶȺܿ졣
ˣѾˡ
Ŷвһжˣ
вкܶ࣬һʮǧˣԾǨռݰ˳ϣ
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ˣ˵Ҳصһ
ҵݣʲôݣ
ַ嶼оĪвоһжôʣණƫƧطңԶϵġһַ廹֪֮ġ
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ַ°ͣϸƺӵӵȷ⡣ܹõУһЩƫƧɳͺܲףοҪع
ַĸǻع;鷳ɣʵȷǿ¹ǵ̻鷳ˣܲ˳ص˵
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ﵽ򼶷ȣǸǿ֮д
ڿռ䷨ַ廹Ǻĵġ
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οַаһڽռ䷨ԭʼĳ̶ȡ
ռ䷨żҲûãÿ컨ѵʱٶ࣬ʵҲû̫ãַûټǱˡ
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ÿʣµʱ䣬ַȻеĶȹ뵽Ķ̰塪ս壡
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Щ򲢲ƾճֵģǱԻһڷϵҲǾ춯ء
ܳΪеٮٮߣ
ϫ򣡡
ַ۾ϣֳ˳ϫ򣬶ʱһ㷨ڶŴĳϫ
ԣǳϫ
ĳϫ໥ײַܾ죬ǵһοͬķײȻһĳϫ򣬽ֻԭʼȴһ
ƺڵԭʼϫַĳϫҲһЩͬ
ǵģͬķ򣬵ϸҲ㲻ͬ
ַڳϫҲ˸̵⡣
ַ˳ϫ򣬻򣡲֪ⷨڣû


400 ϲָ
ַַǳϫ򣬶Ѿﵽ򼶣Ҳֻǳ
жʯܹԻַķȼһǧûӡ֤ķվȱһЩôơ
ڣڿͬײַӡ֤ԼȱݣˣҲǴϲ
򣡡
ַϣٴθֳ÷һռ䳹ױ
ˣ
ַϣڵһռ䣬ȻҲ
ԭʼҸӵĿ񱩡
ַ岢֪ʩչַʱӴı⣬ڶĿֲˡ
ַ򣬶ﵽ򼶣ûгΪ˼СһӵӡҲգܾûпôȤСһˣȻﵽ򼶣Ǿϲɡ
ӴƺڵţռΪҽ˵껰󣬾Ҳ±۾

棬Ȼô档ֻϧһûռ䷨򣬷Ļӡ֤ؿռ䷨Ľ졣
ַЩϧһѾӡ֤ĲˣԭʼҲûʲôӡ֤ģֱӽ˵ڶ㡣
ڶ㷨򼶷򣬵Ȼֻǳ
СЩʩչ£ͳͳϡ޹ǿˣأ
ַĳһֵûС
вν֮ӣλԭʼַֻҪʩչԺɨһС
вǿҲֵס
Ƿ֮
СϣҲ׺ɨʱգվۣ֮
ȻҪƽ⣬Сϵģ޷ôǿķ򡣾һµʵҲ޷򼶷
ַǸرҲΪرԲԵ
ڶķǳϫ򣬶ַ弫Ĵͬײӡַַ֤һǧ
պжʯϵ߼˵պո߼ˡһ˸߼ǿܹݻٺǵĿֲ
սѣѣ
ַȻ˵ڶ㣬ȴûе㣬ΪĹأȴﵽĳ̶ֳȣܹӦĸ
Ϊ߻ӡ֤
ַ˿򹦵Բ̶̵ʱڣͳϫ˸̵ĥһ£ܹʼ߼ˡ
ĺôַԾǨĺôҪ
ৣ
ַ屻ͳΧ˶۾һŵģ
вǿˣ˿̵Ŀж𾪡
ǿʲô
ַȻ˷ĵڶ㣬ֻҪвһʱ䣬Ǿ֪ĵڶζʲô
ζ򼶷
򼶷򰡣ǼֱԾǨΪҪѡϲһЩҲû򼶷
µ򼶷Ǹδš
ٱʷϣʹûгֹž޵һЩӵӣҲû˭ַһûгΪ򼶷
˲õĴ¡¡̹ʷϷڶкܶ˰ɣ
ַ¡̹ʵ
ˣʷϷڶкܶ࣬ûгΪȴ˵ڶģֻһ
ԭˡ
ַ֪ЩΪʲôôˣԭһСľʹһ¼һпܺߵļ¼
Щַ֪򼶣ڳֿռ䷨򣬲֪ᾪȵʲôģ
Ҳַʶ򼶷Ǻεȵ򡣾вţǿеٮٮߣû򼶷򣬸οˡ
ַãԽͻ֮ìɱﵣؼʱдá
ϣչ¶ϫ򼴿ɡ
ŵ˿Ķַ壬ôַҲܹ򼶷ˣɣǲǷˣ
⼸ûгֹ˵ΰעô
ৣ
ʱһӰ˷⡣
⡭ϲָߣ
˭Ϊ𣿡
û˵˭Ϊϲָ˭ȥϲ
ЩӰϲָߣ˶鼤
ǿϲһϲǱĺĵˣǻᱻԽӼӴ˱ע
ÿһλϲĵӣǶ۰һİһӴ䣡
ˣ²вÿ˵ռĿ꣬ϲ
ϲֻгΪ󣬲ʸ룬вô˶ΪĿܶ˳ɵ˶ԾǨˡ
ԾǨΪȴָǧڶһܹΪ
𾴵ַ£ּ򼶷򣬵ͬһλϲָߣַʰö׼׵ǽϲ
䣡
ָߵĻ£˶Ŵ죬Ŀɿڴַ塣


401 ϲ
ңȥϲ
ַЩȻŸյвµʱ䣬ͿԽϲˣϲһֱɶֻдﵽܹ롣
ԣַ£´ַָϲ
˵꣬⼸ָ߾뿪ˡ
һ£ٿַĿȻͲͬˣϲĵӣҲҪƺΪһ¡
ϲв²ϸĻ֣֮еĵλҲ֮
ϲĵӣλв²ȫһǺĵӣڱĺĳԱ
ӵôŸջع£Ѿϲ
ţӵӻعܲڿȻˡַ壬ûгΪڷϵ츳ֱֲ
ǰȻܹ򼶣ʲô츳û򼶷򡣡
򼶷ַȫѷɫκһλϲҲȻЦŵȻҳЦַĶţ
ŵأûٴ˰ɡ
ŵȷѾˣѾûٴַ岻ǺĻһλϲĵӣöֻ֣Ҫ͸¶һЩвΪЧ
ʱŵӿɾѹˡ
ûҲûжͣ¡̹ܿ뿪ˡ
صס¡̹Ȼ˷ܵУַЦ˵¡̹ǰ֪ҵķȴﵽ򼶣ʲôø˵ģ
ˣǰҹªˣ֪˵ķ츳˳ɫ
¡̹ϣȷû˽Ȼ֪Ҳ֪ƺѣ֪ѵʲô̶ȡ
ϾǰҲֻǱһͨĻеˣ²ûȥұѡУӷ
Ͳ֪жôѣ֪򼶷ζʲô
ڣ֪򼶷壬˿Ҳһλλֱܹϲ
ʵַҲ𾪣ϿƵᣬȴ
˵˵ѣжʯ˵ȻҲȽѣȴûѵĵز
ܹǰķ򣬲һֱǰС
ʯ֮Ѿϵ֪٣ϵΰͬȲߡ
ˣʯκַֻ֪ĵܣ
ַռ䷨עˣ׵¶ռ䷨
ʱһζʱ䣬вַ壬ȴﵽ򼶵ϢҲв
ַϲ֪öĽ
ʱ˲֪ԭֻҪ򼶷Ҳܹϲġﰵ¶ģҪ
ԹȴһͷûУ֪Ҫжôѡ
ַҲûʲô׼ģȵָٴַ¡̹װϲ
ţϲȻܲһ㣡
ַϲ֮ȻǺ嫵ܿ޴ǡǣԼֲĺڶ
ϲƺǵһռһ֮С
ַ£ǲǺ֣ʵϲв²űʵĲͬϲڱǣ֮У
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ַ𾪣ϲ֮Уôȫûκθо
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ַ˵ͷڷǳӡҲ⣬Ϊʲôַ򼶷򣬾ܹϲˡ
ַ£סϲһУ׷߿һϡڣ¸߰ɣȥΰ£

ַһݣǿΰϵ
ԣһϲǾζµ״ˣȻټرͳӣܹعϲµӡ
ַ˵ͷҲȥΰϵжôĿֲ
¡̹򱻴ȥַϲסַָǰȥ
ˣ
˷ɽָ߾ֹͣǰֱַƿ˴ţûκγɣֱ˽ȥ
ַ߽˴ţһ޴Ĵİȴǳļ򵥣Եÿտյġ
ַ巢ڴУһӰôվڴУѵ£
£
ַ˿غ
ӰƺΪú󣬲ת


402 
Сһôӵӣʵǿ츳Ҳǿȴоϲһ
תģֻֻͨͨǳ䣬ȴûΪѹͺһͨһ
Ҳͨˣַ֣ܹ֮ܵԷɢŨȴйֵĸо
΢ĩ˵ҲֻǺͨһ棬󲿷ʵֻģˡ
һͨȴɳΪΰϵ붼ò˼飬һ棡
ˡ
ޣַ򣬳ϫţӦԴڵǼԴɡ
ַɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻչֳͳϫ򣬵֮ìȴû¶Ȼһ۾Ϳˡ
ȴһЦýţһ䱾ԴҲʲôϲбԴҲкܶ࣬ıԴǿġ
ַ΢΢˿ǰһԴʲôĻ֮ì֮Ҳպ̮е֮ϵΰ´ܻǡ
߸޷Ტۡ
ϫսȷǿȻΪβʺս壬ͬʱӵս壿
ַ΢΢һ㶣ӵս壿
£˵ͬʱӵս壬ôܣ
Ϊʲôܣս壬ʵҲϸеһַʽȻϫս壬Ǿս塣ֻսˣʵǺ£ǣܴľ㶼Ѿһƥս壬̫˷ˣ
ַȻʱԺҲ⡣
ǰսҲһϸеķʽˣֻҪܹסսзʽʵ޳ɶս嶼ʲô
ֻǣһսҲþǺ¡
ȣɢϾиľս壬߻ҪҲҪʱ䡣ȥоսˣʱ
οӵжս壬ҲֶζһЩˣƲǺܴ
ַ岻һַһƥս壬˲սܹٱ
ʵɲһ㡣
лָ㣡
ڻ
ʦ𣡡
ַ˴ʵڿʼǱĵӣǰвҲֻǼӡ
ǽֻһֺĳƺˣӣһӶ档
ϲȴǺĵӣǾͲһˡ
ַ壬ϲΨһһûԾǨΪĵˡԣŬԾǨΪɡ
ǣʦ𣡡
ַ̧ͷһ۱ȴЩֹƺЩԥ
ַ壬ʲô
ʦϵΰʱϵΰȴԵһԡ
ҵı壿
壿
ַЩסˡ
㲻ڵǱɣֻҵһϸˡ
һϸ
ַ۾š
һϸܱһˣһ
ȴǴңԶϵǾͿϸˡ
ӰһΣֱץסַ壬뿪ѸٵڣƺѾ뿪ϲַ嶼ܸܵеĸˡ
Ȼϲǽ֮еĶ
ɣǰҵı塣
ʦı壿
ַ̧ͷڵ֮Уֻһ޴ĺڶЩ񣬷һ͵壬ƺȳǶҪӴ
ˣ
Ȼž޴ġ΢΢һͺһʧˣǱʲôֲľ޸һ
ʲôôһ
ʦıҸղſһų򣬺ʧˡ
ǲ
ַ۾ǿž޴ֳˡ
ַ壬㿴ǿž޴Ӧþҵ飬ʧˣգһ۾
飬գһ۾
ַ죬˵ЩʲôȴоôĲ԰
۾ǿž޴ĳ򣬾ȻֻǱˡ
ַʶȥ롱ʱ˵ǻһ۾ԱߺԶľ룬һһģһӦһ۾
öôӴ
ַѾ޷ˣôӴս壬ܻǣ⻹治ǿʣԱԣֱ׾١
ôӴһϸһʲô
Ա棬˵ˣΪһűǶᱻ١
ѹֱģֻһ򣬿¾ܲסһ


403 ս
ಣ
ַĻ»صϲȻѾַҲûмţǡ
뿪صԼס󣬷¡̹Ѿϣһȵģ
ôʲô£
ַЦʵ
ˣϲǡѾ޷ˣֱߵã
ʲô˼
ˣϲԲ鿴κս壬ȫǹģÿһλϲĵӶԲ鿴Ѽսֱ಻ʤ
зΰ£ģ෨򣬵Ȼ򼶷Ҳͬˣϲ˷кֻܶ࣬඼ԭʼˡ
оԴһЩԴֻҪѼ˲ϣôͿϲһЩǿΪơ֮ϲܵĴвܵĴǿ˰ٱ
ַ˵ͷ¡̹˵ϲȷܲ
ȥ£ǲ˼飬ԭϵȻ˿ֲ
ַ嵽ڶűжôӴ󣿻һӴϵˣһһӵĪΰ
ˣҪս壬ȥĸط
ˣս֮սгǧָָս塣
ַ˵ͷҲżʵһҰҪƥս壬Ҫռ䷨ƥս塣
ŶʯԽԽоռ䷨ͽˡ
ˣַ岢ż
Դϲַʱޡ˵УȷڿޣַУÿ춼ܹܵԼʵǶô
ʱ̣
Ŷʯַȫռ䷨򣬶ʯҲûַʧڣһºַ
ˣ
ַһһصĸо֮֡Уֱӻһѷ졣
ѷСתۼͻָˣַȴĸоռ䱻˺ˣղһ
ûжַֻ˿ռ䷨
ԭʼռ䷨򣡵֮Уռ̫̣ԭʼĿռ䷨޷нпռ䴩󡣳ǽռ䷨򼶡
ַüͷ΢΢һ壬ܸоռ䷨ƺЩ̫һǰսϸû̫á
ռ䷨Ϊⷨһܹռ䴩󣬵Ǹʱþʹˡ֮󣬼Σգӵпռ䷨ôҲдˡ
ΣգҲͨռ䴩뿪ڲ֮ء
ȻѾ˿ռ䷨򣬾򼶿ռ䷨кԶľ룬ַҲͲٱչˣǳأ׼ȥһս
Ҫƥս壬ԵĻռ䷨ƥս塣
û¡̹·ַԼŵͼҵս
սΪ׳ۣȴһˡս˶ֻһս壬ֻҪѡ˾Ͳٸı䡣
ˣսȻûʲô˹ˡ
ңսҲ˿أȴܷʩֻϲĵӲܹ롣ַݱȷ˳Ľ뵽սС
սڣû鼮֮࣬һŵĹ
еս壬ڹ֮ڣڹ֮⣬ǶսһЩ򵥽ܡ
ôս壬ֱǧ
֮еս巨ţȻкܶ࣬ҲֻڱϲܹĴս鿴
в²Ҫһս嶼ѡ
ȻսҲ鿴ȴ˽Դڣһ֣רŵִϳͲ
Ǻ棬ҪӹִԱҲǳ롣ִ֣ûκһʧܹ
ȻҲû˭ױһλΰϵ
ַۻƵĲ鿴һһֵս壬Ѱҹս塣ս壬ضóս塣
ϾʹŻ
йصս壬ʵ٣Ͼ֮УҲһֱȽϳķ֮ʱ̶𡢱ըˣƻȻõǿߵ
ͬҲܲ
ս壡ԴУս壬򣬷ʮһ
ַһս塣
ǿ飬սͷͬ찡ȻǴлСǿһҪ֮ôֲ
ս壬ûʲôָеֻлһʩչս壬ǰһоԻڷǳ˵ս塣
ּ˵ս壬ܹʤǿмѣ̫ʱҲǺ¡ңûսƽƽԶԶһЩս塣
ַȴ⣬Ͼֻһս壬Ǽս塣սֻضʱʩչӰַСңպܸǿҲϴսС


404 ս
ַ˴ս壬ȴûмսɲһһϦܹɹģڵĳϫսѾ㹻ǿˣ֧ս塣
ռ䷨ϵս壡
ַѡ˴սֽ˼˿ռ䷨֮ϡ
ʱ䷨򡢿ռ䷨ззǳķ֮һǧʱΪ˵
ӵпռ츳ں嫵֮УλǳߡһĿռͨʵЩ˿ռ䷨˴ġ
ʱ䷨Ǿʵ̫̫ˣַ嶼û˵˭ʱ䷨򣬼ַӵжʯʱ䷨Ҳܡ
Ȼʱ䷨򣬵ַȴѾ˿ռ䷨򣬶жʯڣĿռ䷨һɳ÷ǳǿ
ˣѡһռ䷨ϵսͺбҪˣûʲôãԺҲһá
սռ䷨ϵսʵ̫ϡˣٵַѾѰ˺ܾãûҵ
ս¼űеս壬ϡ٣ռ䷨ϵսҲеġ
գַҵռ䷨ϵս壬ҲֻһսˣˣַҲûѡء
սжݿս塣
һս壬ûпռ䷨Ҳܹġսǿսս壬һָս塣
һ˶ݿս壬ܹСΧġ˲ƶǵģ˲ƶҪռ䷨򣬵һҪпռ츳
νСΧ˲ƣֻǳ֮ڣһ̫ǿ̫ǿڲռȹ̣˶ݿսۣҪ˲ƶҲѡ
ǡǵǵȵӴƾŶݿս˲ƶǼܡΪЩӴڲռʵ̫ȹˡ
ݿսЩߣΪһĸս壬Ͳʹõġݿսĸԭʵܹռ䷨
ݿս屾ͼкϿռ䷨һԴмȡУӶռ䷨һ˿ռ䷨ݿսϣǾͺܲһˡ
ԭʼռ䷨ܹݿսڿռӷʮ
ǸʱǱǡǵĳǣܹ˲ƶ֮УԭʼĿռ䷨϶ݿս壬ܹ̾ƶ
ȻֻǶϾ룬ҶԶݿս廹һĸֻпռ䷨ﵽ򼶣ʱĶݿսſ֮нпռ䴩󣬵ʱ֮ƾŶݿս壬ȥá
սˣսͶݿս壡
ַѡս壬һץסţʱԺг˴սͶݿսϸš
νţʵϸзʽÿһȫµս壬еǣεĳԡƣճΡ
еս֮ȫӡԺ֮УͲǡ
ַѡս󣬾뿪սصסͿʼ˳ս塣
Ǵս塣
ַϫս壬ڴս־ͱȽסս֮䣬ӴΪ׼ġ
ͬ͵ս֮䣬ѵͲָߵˣ
սвͬս屬ƻս忰ƿֲһӲӲַĳϫսҲǶ֡
仹ӳ֣Ǿ͸ӿֲˣս֮һоԻΪҽⱾרΪתͻս塣
սϸеķʽһַѾˡ
ǣַʩչ˳ϫս壬ʮĳϫսǿǿƺÿһϸܳ˻
һϸܹΪһַȴԶԶ
ȴԿսڵϸʼѸٵı仯ǡǧ򻯡
ڣַȴϸ£Ӵ󵨣
Ҫϫսϸȫһ飬ͷǳˣҲսıؾ̡
ַ彫ƽоһж׵̿ʼж
¡¡
ַĳϫսȻǵģͺɳһ˲ˡʮս壬ȫǾǺ׳۵ġ
ս岢ɳǡˣʵÿϸַĿ֮СԺиֳ˴սϸзʽ
ǣϸʼ飬ϸʼ䶯ţѸٵšУĴطôģ۲ˡ
ϾпӲͨʲô٣Ψ
ڱϲΰıרʩչΰŲʮϰٿųԼǡ
֮Ӵ󣬼ֱ󡣱˵ʮսˣս壬Ҳ׾٣Ҳǳĳ㡣
Բϵĳԣõá


405 ս
ս飬ַս塣
ϸϵںϣںϣںϣת۾Ѿʮϰٹˡ
꣡
֪ˣս漴
ַϸٴ˳ϫս塣
ʧˡ
ַüͷʵʧҲ֮УϾϸף֪ϸзʽҪһξͳɹҲܡ
гһβоΣβоΣһܹɹ
ǣַһδεĳԣÿһεʧܣ۸ľ顣žĻַۣĴսҲһһ˳
һºַϸһȫµսˣʮս壬ɢϢȴͳϫսȫһ
ǻϢޱߵɷǴս壡
ڳɹˡ
ַԵúܼһµʱ䣬һδεʧܣʧ˶ٴΣԼҲǵˡ
սһʩչӰ쵽ַԣʹ˿񱩡𡢱ŰС
Ǵսġáս屾ģ𣬳˻ʵ̫ˣȻӰԣַֻżʩչѾ򼶣´սӰ쵽ԡ
ս޳ɣַȻϲȻֻһʱմս壬Լս֮ת⡣
һδεĳԣַĳϫսʹս֮䣬תҲܹﵽ⶯ˣں̵ܶʱսл
˴ս⣬ַ廹ݿս壬Ѿڶսľ飬ݿսͱȽϵ˳
ַ廨˰ʱ䣬ͽݿս۳ɹˡ
ݿս嵱ǳһ۳ݿս壬ַܹоƺΧĿռܵϵ
ѵݿս壬ʵΪЩûпռ츳ģ
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ݿսҲַ⣬ֹһʱ䣬ַܹȫսɵлȻûгΪսǱ˺ܴ

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ַ岻ǿУһֱһЩ޴壬ҲΪЩԵʣϲûаͺҹ֣֮Ϊÿ춼ǰ졣
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ҪҪѰһЩԵ޳Բս壿
Բս壬ɲǵ޾ܹɹġ


406 ŵ
ַ߽ģҲ١
ЩӦöϲĵӣַʱҲ΢΢ЩԾ
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ЩΧڱϵڣϾϵɱƿأڱϵڵ£ȻҪ
鿴źǻԭ򣬳ƱԴǡߵȥ񡣡
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ЩһĶ̫ѣ̫Σգַ岢ԸôðգϾǻʵ
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ʧҲûϵûκγͷ
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ˣһ죬Ҳûȡڴ󲿷ϲĵǿʵ̫ˣûһսԡ
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ˣ
ַӰ˲ʧ˿ռͨС


407 ǵɰͿ
ŵ򣬴ʱŵڶ̻ƺ𵴡
֮УʮӴս
ʮսѾŵЩǵս
ŵһ۹ҲǿƼȴոշչ߳ĵزЩǵǿսǼûһ㷴֮
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ŵһǧʷѵҪսˣ
ŵǻҵĻʵۡӻǶʹ飬ȻŵǿƼԴ߳򣬽ӴҲ˱ĹϽΧ֮ڡ
֪еǿӡʵҲУǿѾԾǨˡ
һϣһλԾǨʵ̫ˡԴӽӴеѾһʷȴûеһλ
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ʵ۽ŴţȴûκáЩŰǵԣǲҪƸ˿ڣӶе˷ܺͿС
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սɰͿһֱΪӣλ΢ūѧȻūһõǵǵʶʽǵеһԱ
ɰͿûǳޣƽһЩǵ˳ȥһʱͻȻѣһǵսǵս֮һ档
ɰͿΪ˱ˣȴѾû˼ң෴ϲǵǣһսңɰͿ˵׺ݡƻ̣ܿͷչ׳󣬲Ҿ˸ǵװŰ֮С
·Ѿ˵ǵʹ࣬ʹ࣬ǳ˷ܡ
ϴǱϵҾǻǵץʱ䣬ȻɳǾ鷳ˡ
ʲôǼеĵҲеЩСĳӼȻ뷴ǾͳͳɱˡȻ뿪ϵ
ɰͿ˲ںһСĲƸԣûҪȻŵ鲻ˣǾͳ׻ٵ


408 ս
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嫵֮Уһҷɴд
ɴڣַ忴ͼϵ꣬ھŵѾһľˡռ䣬һ򣬱ϾռͨһҪάģױƻˣǿɾʧˡ
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409 ߱װ
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ͨԶǿŵǳսֲľ֣һѾǵսֲˡ
ʣһǱĵӵˣǵþˣ
ߣߣЩǵսڱǰûκεֿ֮һ˴ݻ֧ӣǲ˼顭
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ܳһﻹʲôǵ
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Щǵ÷սûټڶ߱ǹֲ÷֮ѾϯȫΪ˻ҽ
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ַһû뵽Դôֲɴ֮ŰŵҲòˣ»ᱻֱ֮Ӵݻ١
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ѵǰǵһĶ
ַһԭһλǵǷĹӦĳֿƼ֮ìݻˡǹַȴ˲ͬĿ
ԲǿƼ


410 Ϥĸо
ַһץɫǹץСɫǹĲʣҲûиܵơ

ַסǹܸܵǹ̺Ŀֲƺھҵ𶯡æǹָֻƽ
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ѡеˣһзᣬһǣַǰܹŵʵҲ󲿷һЩԴһԸ˷ǡ
ǣŵ˵ϣǵϣúҪŵ˵ĺ
СһȻͷӦַص˷ɴ׼ر
ɴвãַȴЩŹ֣·˺ܶ򣬵һƬһ˿ַϤĸо


411 
ָоĺϤ
ַ÷ɴͣǰռŵ档ǰȻյģܸоЩԾȴ˵ﲻԾ
ͼ
̵ַͼʵ֮ǰЩоԾӿռͨ߳һ·ŵ١
ҪôŵûκҪôǿյֻʣ泾
ַ嵱ԵĲ鿴ͼӦͦģȻֻŵһȴ
һ·߹ȴûпٵûʵЩ֡
ǣַͼ
ЩͼÿһΣϵУһЩ˥ܣҲʧô죬ʱ㹻ˡ
ͼַ忴ͼϱע
ǵ
ڣַֻȫļŵȻʧˣǵģʧˣͺûгֹƵġ
ֻֿܣҪôͼˣҪôˡ
ͼĸ·ǳϽͼŻһǧ꣬Ȼ˥ܣȻ󳹵ʧһ˿ۼûС
Ȼ˥ܵҪôȫɻļһƬҪôķѣʯһۼûС
йŹ֣
鿴¼
ַ̿ʼڲϵͳ鿴ϵ¼
ʧ
Ħʧ
ܰ˿ųʼʧ
Щ¼ַһݡٵͼͼҵЩʧλãȻһ
γһߣǳһȶ
Щ֮£ַڵλá

ַһѹĸоϤԭ
֮УͿƼУһ֣ж
ΪֻƻɡһͷֻܹɡɰǧΣʵ̫ˡ
ֱĶǷչ̹ÿһϵ
ַܸоϤʵΪõģǵ͵ΪҲǿĸǣɱ䡣
ַ忴ļ䣬ӳһ·ɵΪ󼸺򶼳Թ⣬һĸǡ
ɱΪ󣬸֮вϵƯˣֱߺͿƼĴС
ǿƼ޷
ַ̽Ϣ͸κιϢǳҪ
ܿ죬ַ巴ҲɣڸӦһͷΣر޴
ַѰҵͷʵʩأȻȴǿߵĵ
ǿַ岻ƴǣοҲûƴǡԲ̣񵱳ޣʵϸ˵ҲĳΪ˻
ַ£ʲô
ŵĻ壬ʱҲַء
̫ΣգȥռͨȻȥ͵ҵ־ˡʱȻ˰ȥ
ַıأٶȣɴ˿ռͨ˻ͻȥ󣬱۷
˳ͼߣɨƬ
һѰңһ߲鿴ͼϵһſЩ򣬸Ҫص̽顣
ֻϧַһ·׷ѰȥɫȴԽԽԽԽءѾܹһȫʧ١
ѾͷˡвϢҲԽԽŨң˵ַѾĿͷˡ
ӿٶȣ
ַ÷ɴٶȼӿ죬ֱЩ
ڣַҵһŵǻչֻܵ£ŽֻǿƼ𲽣û뿪
ڵȴܶ࣬ǻʮڡֱջ
ַҲɴţţֻҪǶԷͿ϶ܹҵԲŹŵ˴
ַҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱܵͷУķɴʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ˱ݾߣַɴʻŷɴֱӷɽ
Ŵˮ򣬲೬߳ɶˮǻռͳελͳζǽ½ϣˮȴûнͳΡ
ַϢĽɴ䵽˺ϵһЩСϣ뿪˷ɴֻһ˷˺󣬳ǻۼĴ½ȥ


412 
ܿ죬ַͷһУҲַ࣬Ҳࡣ
ˣַҲ΢΢ıһϵķװ˺Ƶװ硣
ַ巢Ҳ磬Ǳ򵥵Ĳѯһ¡
ΪˮǣΪ˴ССٶңϯȫľҴսѾƽˡ
ַЩ˼飬һ򣬾Ȼٶ壬֮жЩš
ˮǵĿƼ㷢ûɴѾˣǿܽ뵽浱Уȴ޷溽С
֮֮࣬Ϊԭʼ
ַ岻֪ͷ׻õҲԸȴַоЩϤͺĸǵĳʱһ
ȻھŴĳʱҲߣˮǣַƺûзʲôߵĴڡ
磬ƼռݾԵλ
ַڽֵϣܿ죬ɫĻ谵ҹ˶˯Ժܶ˵ʵҹŸոտʼ
ַ˹㳡ϵһϣͬһ۾ĿڵʵĻõ˯Ѿ˯ĸоˡ
ΧҲ˾ַ֣忴һҲؤȴһô䣬ַдıȽϵȻע⡣
ȴûǰѯʡ
գĿİɣ
ܿġ
һ´ӹ㳡߹յŮַ壬ȴЩ֣࿴˼ۡ
Ǹ˺֣ôôţ
գȥ˵˺Σյġ
кæգɲ鷳Щ˺˵һЩŮѺ˺ǣʲôϵ
üͷЩԥѵѸٵ뿪˹㳡
ڶһ磬㳡ʱǸֵϡ
վⴱҵ¥ϰ࣬һְͨԱƽʱʲô档ַӣҲ˺ȴϹһҹ
ᶳ˰ɣ
Щ棬Ƕ֮ġ
ǣ˹ȥ
ôؼң
ʵһԱߣ·½߹Էġ
ַ۾ǰŮƽ˵ûмҡ
˺
ǰɡ
Ͼһҹ
ǵġ
ô
һҧóһЩǮæ˵ȥЩɣҵϰˡ
˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ַ忴һЩǮˮǼʱ䣬ѾЩǮĹٳϼٱûʲô⡣
Ҫʲô
ַ̧ͷĿȴֱԽ˴㣬֮С
Ѿ˼ʱ䣬ȴûзѵԷˣ
Щ̫ܣǾ;ԲŹˮǣϾˮʮǻ
ַܹ壬ǳ˽⣬ǻѾ˱ܣ̫ܷŹ
ǣֻĵĵȴ
磬շֹ㳡ϵǸǮҲûжȥѯʣ־ùЩ֣ջûȥѯʡ
һ죬նڹ㳡Ϸ˹ˣԽԽˣܿó˼ʱ䶼ûжѵҪԷˮ
ҿ񻹺ܺãǰǮûж
ϢᱻΪȫһа̡ͨ͸šսѾСص˵ѣһǧ򡣸˶վϷԺᡭ
㳡ϵĴĻֲš
ںżֱǵأƾðһտʼһЩСʢУȻֹĴһаۣ֮ࡣ
Ѹٷչ׳һЩǳֶΣҶңỹֱӿס˼С˿ֲ˵ѡ
а̣ǰδеа̣ȫע⡣
һЩѾʼ׼ԺᶯˣȴһֱΪ֮ìܵĲɵͣκ׳
ַЩȻ̫ȤȤգǸЩŮˡԭֻһͨŮˣ֮ǰַҲûзκرĶ
죬ȴͻȻһرĶһַеϤĶ
Դ
ַӡǵģԴһЩУҲˡ
һӵдǻ򣬶ᵮһģʶȻȻı磬ӻǻ
ľˡ
һˣһܸɳһҵӰ쵽硣
һЩӰӻ񻰴˵еӢۣ˵ˡ
ͨ˵ĳ֣ҲѾΣ˲Ż֣ʵҲһȵķʽ
Σգ
ַüͷܸоƺЩԾ


413 Ϸ
Σ
ַһ㶼ûвʵҲãԴҲգַȻŵģΪ
ĸǣ֮ΣַʵǱ֡
Ȼַܵõ֮ì
ôؼʱ̣
ֵһУôַʵ̫ˣ̫ãʵֵ֮һ
ַһ㶼ɣĸǵھŴġǡԷչŻô˳
޵Σ綼пܻһֺˮ֮Σ
ȫʵǺܺƽģ֮䶼к壬Ͳᱬս
ΨһĻҾǳһᣬȻڵĹģȻСֻҪˣôҲͱQ˼졣
Ϊʲôֻ֣
ĳ̶ֳ˵ֵģǾġǡģݾĽɫ
籾ԴԵ޹ʽˣѡһǡ
ֻ޴Σǰ籾ԴŻѡ
ѵ
ַ뵽ȴô죬ûеθܵΣ

ַ벻ʲôΣϧˣѡǡ
ûϵǡǡֻ֣ҪעգǾһܹҵԭ

°ˣȴֹ㳡ϵǸ˺ѾӰ
𣿡
վǸ˺Щ֣ȻѾˣҲûж롣
˰ؼң·ͻȻһ˵Ϯ
ֻͨˣȴѵء
ʱһͻȻ֣ɢããĹ⣬Щʱͷһḷ́˾͵ڵϣһ߾߿µĸʬ
Żˣֻͨˣ֮ǰҲͨ˵Ȼֹ£Ȼʴӡ
ף㲻죿
ϸⲻĸͬѧ
бҵʧˣ˼һ˭֪ȥû뵽ͻȻ֣ķʽ档
ȴأǶ²鿴˵ϡ
ȻǺˣ
ɫƺϵˡ
գþòڲɵʱҲҪؼˣܻΣգߣ
ֱ뿪ЩŤ˸ղһĻôҲľˣɴ뿪ˡ
뿪ǵ󽥽ĸֳһӰȻַ塣
ʵһֱգֻû뵽һĻ
ԭ˵˱ոŨô
ַܸܵϵ˱յҪӴ󼸱ĴߣսֻǷǳҪϵǳԲŻˡ
Щһˣַһ۾ͿˣһЩˣֱֵһᣬ
粻û
һӳ죬Щˣ绹ַ岻֪ġ
ǣգֻҪǣ֪Σʲô

һ谵ķ䣬滹еصһ޴ĵ´
ǰһ´ȻкܶˣˡŮˡ˺ͺӶС
죬ˡ
λհɣ
һλͰ߿һգЦʵ
գǣ
ɣЩ֪
ߴս뵽СУİܼªȴһֹӵϢ
ҽһ£ԳΪϣգ֣ʲôˣΪʲôҪ㣿ʵôһϵĹ˵𡣡
ںܹϵңԶʱпֲħǻһУһУֻǵʳˡ
ĳһ죬콵ʯȵõʯҽʯĥһָֻǳ֮Ϊ䣡ֻӵǿеħմħؽ˼԰
ħûбȫǻвϵĻۣھǵΪδΪ֣ʵ±ܡ
ഫЩ˸Ͳ֪Щ£֪塣գһ䱣ߵĺˣöһ֣
ϵĹ£Ŵ죬˵Ļ
˶ʮĿѧͲϵĹ¡
ʲôħʲô䣬һЩֲƵӰһȫǳ
Ǳңʲô
źգǾ֮һ
ЦˣҡҡͷǸղ˵ЩǺᣬǸа֯ҾӦ㱨ܿͻᱻɳľӲƽǸҲϣǵľϷ
ʼ磬ɲ̫ʲôνľ
ֻǸͨŮʲô
գҪʵ
䣡
컰û˵꣬´;ҵҡ


414 
ô£
ըըըǵͨǺˣϿս
ҵ̾ж챣߳˷䣬ִӿ˽ֳǹ֧ըɱŵҵˡ
죬뿪ɣҪԲˡѾаʴаںǿǱΪΨһľ
ϳһ¸ҵʿһĺ˳˳ȥ
䣡
¸ҵϣֱӾͱһըըɵ÷ǣŨѪζŻ
ͷ·˼նǰһĻˡ
Ͻߣ
ɴһѿգѸͨͨȥ
һֱţǾڸʱڱʱһֱڵ£ڰа
ôˣӼԼǾ
ڣ쿸뿪˵ңӳ졣մ죬죬ǸϽȥֱ
ȥʲôã춼ͨˣǶԸ˺ᡣ
ʲô졣
ǷˣղЩʹõǹ֧ըֻо;ܹԸǡ˵ҲãǼٵҲաʱѾˣѾСڵĿƼչЩħҲñըƬ
տǼᶨΨߣһЩ족ɶԿƼš
ԶжôĿ£ֻǣֻܹЩа
ԵúִܹĶա
ӣҪǰɣҰ㣡
ֱӴӻóָĸģǰҲֻǼƷھȻðô£ƺҲǣһЩӵľƵС
Ա㽫ָ졣
쿴ⲿֵ䣬ܼȴҡҡͷûãһ޷ʹ䣬ֻһ𣬲ָܹЩа磡գӱܲˣǾ
ӣҲġҲǾҲûоȥֱ
˵꣬ձ뿪ˡ
죬ȴʲôû˵ֻʧ
Ҳ֪֪࣬ĲпᣬʹӰһҲʧӰ
׵Ĺ°˼
뿪ַˣƺһ˿ζ΢Ц

֣һһʮ򾯲˺ºѸٵıתƵһܵĵط˵ǹҰȫֵĵط
ʱһ߽˷䡣
Ůʿṩ鱨ãǲ㣬ͬ顣ˣԳǾͬɣ
˵꣬˵´һӽ
죬ôˣ
պܳԾողźֿʱ䣬ôͳӣǳǱ
ǰôˣ
ʵ
ŮʿˣǰŪӣ෴ǾǸŮʿṩܿ죬ϧҵʱһȺΧӦþǺװԱ
Ǹ˺ܴĴۣȳͬ顣ͬȻǲΣԼǾ״̬ô磿
ʼ磬ԵúΡ
ǺǣϿǡǾֻǲȫ磬˾ˣǲ֪Щжֲ
˵һᡣ
ҡҡͷҲ̫͹ˣ˵ĺѾץ˺ܶǵȷӵкǿƻ֮£ͲһҾûλŮʿǣʱһˣûνľУǾԼ
󣬿ӱȥһ
ƺһ޴ʵң͸Ĳڣֵ࣬ϲĹӣƺʵ顣
һЩˣȴֲͬҰһ
ôᡭ
ĺ𾪣ϰپ߹Ȼץ޷֮Ҫ֪ҪɱһͷĹô¡
Ҳ𾪣ͬʱ˷ܣ;ܹԸЩҲٱžĳذˡ
ȴҡҡͷЩȻǿȷһսϻ˸ڼǰͲһˣͻȻһЩԶЩֲʮǳ֮Ϊ͹
ǵľһۣˣǵ䣬ҲҵһЩϡھͲʵˣǵ԰Ъãһܹо͵ԸЩ
ܳԾƣӦľʵЩЩս˼꣬춼ء
ڣЩȻ˵ɲֵһᣬƺ׶Ըеƺʼˡ
ԣ䣬һ䣬һǾ
͵̧ͷóеһ䣬һݸգг˼ᶨ֮ɫ


415 
˶԰ɣҲоһںȷͦ鷳ġȷЧǾͻԺܹᷢ׽а̡
˵ɫҲƺʮӡ
ݷϵĴ˵ǿѨ磬Ҳ뿴˵еǲƥܹЩа
ң
ЩɣͲ֪ô߶䡣
ȴ͵֮һˣҪоԺĬˡ
ô򵥣
ԣô򵥣Ǿ͸õõΪܶôӣ
Щħ;ԼǾĵǾˣ
Ҳһ£Ҳô򵥡
ǣ΢΢۾оƺһָֽҲС
һӡӡʮӡ
϶¶˺ˮƺûκζ
ˣ
Ȼ˻һͬʱԭĽָȻɢһҫ۵İ׹⣬׹ԽԽʢָֽĺһ
ն۾һĻϲţûУûУǾֻҲ磡
Ҳо˼飬Ưڿе䣬Ѿȫĺһ𣬿ûκѷ죬ֱ覡
ӵɫҲ֪˵е䲻ǿѨ磬ۿһĻǺ𺳵ġ
ৣ
Ȼ͵ɢâ뵽յڡд󲿷ֹâû뵽ڡ
ʱ˶صĸоԼڳһĿֲһ˲䣬е綼·˾޴ı仯
͵۾еҲһתֱӷɵУָϡ
ĸоǿǾ
ϵƣʧӰˣʱ죬оԼϵ飬ӵƥ
ಣ
ӰһһӰһ㣬ʧ˵УȵٴγʱȴѾץסЩĹ
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ʱġ
⡭ѵһжģǾ
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˿ܸоԼӵӿȵһâסͷ
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Ӱһֱһȭ˿ӵеֱţһȭʹ˱Դ󣬱ڵأû˶
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ЩӵЧ̫ãôըһͻһҵս
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¶һ˿Ȼɫ
ţڻߣо磬ǵ˾ɵġ
һ֣ʮװԱ˹
ߣ
һ֣ʱʮװԱͺǿѹһòˡ
Ǹʲô
̾ͳǹ
е߷£ǾȻȥӦ¡ǲҪ赲ң򡭡
Įֱ߹ЩװԱӵеֱ˼飬ЩͨˣȫװУСһ㡣
ӼţľЩ£ȥɣ
ԭˣʵǹͨԴý顭
Ȼһĵ̾Ϣصڴڡ
֪ʲôʱյǰһصӣĿ˼ָϵ䡣


416 Դ
㡭
۾˳˲ڹ㳡ϵ˺ôͻȻ
ȴٴУǰôֵ֪ڶԷֺȻһ˿ǿҵΣոо
С㣬ּˡ
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һ·գʵ뿴ν䵽ʲô
ڣڿˣʵ籾Դͨý顣䣬籾ԴԴԴϵĽ뵽ˣҲνڣӵųǿ
ַܺ棬Ƕ̺ıԴӵĺ棬֣һץ
ˣ
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ʲô
ɫ䣬߶ڵھǿյĿֲַĽ֮£ȴ޷
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ַָһָϵͲΡΡܲԸһ㣬ֱӷɵַС
仹ַֻ΢չʾһʱʵˡ
һ䣬ʵһýˣַ岢ȤȤܹͨԴ
һԴܹܹԴĻѳԴ
֮ìҲбԴȴһźǻ֮󣬴гıԴ
ԴĸһԴʧôһҲ˥ߣճΪһŵ
һûܵʲô̫ˣҪԴȻ˥ܣҪʮ꣬ꡣ
ڶ࣬߿ƼܹôıԴͻõǿڼǧꡢ궼ʲô
ĸǣַҲûиܵԴ
ˮıԴƺһ㱾ܵ־ǳ棬ַҲǵһȻϸһ
õַ壬Ѹ뵽Уоһϸ΢ͨ˳ͨ͵˽ȥ
䣡
ַоݺݵһ£ܵ޾ıԴ
ǵģˮıԴ
ЩԴƺַе⣬Ѹٵַľ
ַ弱æɢһ˿˿⣬ͨĲˮǵԴĲĳ־ĻǾһܹܵɢ⡣
Ȼַɢ⣬ӴıԴҲͽ˿ˡһɺƴصľͻȻַľϣ߻ʵڴϢ
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ַˣˮǵıԴھַ壬ַ뿪
ˮϵ˲ַ֪ݣԴô᲻ַ֪ͣߡ
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ַһݣ־ǺܾܿһЩʵʶǾཻܹ
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ԴĬãҲڡ˼
żӺԴٴδϢûж⣬Ҫİæаߣľꡣ
ȻԴݵϢô˳ַ˶Է˼
Դ԰֮ϲȻԲս壬ȻȻȻԾǨΪ
ܹͻƣ˵ԲսҲкô
Դ˵аʲô˼
ᡭ
Դ϶ĴݳôһϢǷݡ
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419 
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٣һڼ
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ﲻԲҲ̶ܹܴȵս壬ַ˵ôֱ
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423 
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424 
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425 ʸ
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430 
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431 ӵ۹
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Ȼӵ۹һ۹ַ˽⵽ӵ۹һѹ̬Ƶĵ۹
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433 
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434 
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Щðпħ𣿿ַԼţħȥ̽գħҲûκεĺô
ûɣûдǻʧַһθоĹ졣ħھУΪʲô
Ҫ֪ħɵĻ޷ģ˵ԾǨˡֻвͣɣħܹϵ
ھϺܳһʱˡ
ַҲûз񲻻ô򵥣Ҳôķ
ַɴھס͵οͣúõһ¾ķַֻ˵Ҳ࣬Դ浱Уǿɮһһ̲ͣĶʱһķ٣
ھȨΣҲһԼ
ֱַסһҸߵƵ꣬ŴĵλȫӲͨھԺһǧ꣬Ҳòô
ˮƵ꣬ߵƵ֮һӴصˣȻ۸Ҳˡ
ˮƵڻṩŸָġĿĳЩҲеģַЩ
òĴŹھһЩ¡Ƶ깤ԱҲ֪޲ԣͲҪַôСĽ
Ŀԣַ嶼ܳԾ
ھϴʮ죬ַÿ춼ֳ۲žһС֣һжȻ򣬸ûлҡ
Ҿ߲㣬ƺҲħʮ־裬һЩͨ˶֪ħĴڡھħν˺
ûħַ岻òɣܲɣ
˵ûħ
ַڿǲ뿪»صʱȻӵһϢ
Σϲӣھʧȥϵʱ䣬кܴΣաѰҶ£ͬʱħټɣ
ַ忴ͻϢɫҲ
ʧ٣ϲĵӣɾˡûǶȥĳطȻϵǸͲܡ
Ϊһλѵ᲻ҪԣԲַֹһ˽ܣϢʧˣ˲ͱϾ


440 ˿
¡ֱ̹ͬϵռµϢϣܹõھϵĻ켣
ǣˡ
ǣ¡̹ʼͨϵǺ׾͵õˣڶȴ޷֪
ˣǳһǰȡ˾񣬿ʼھ顣һֱھϣڰǰʧȥϵ
¡̹õһЩڶϢַ⣬ΪЩϢܼªҲûʲô̫ļֵ
ȵȣô֪ʧȥϵ
ˣҲ׷ߡһµ׷Ҳֳһʶ׷Ŷ¡ǰߵ׷ʶȻʧŻɶʧ١
ַȻԭ׷ߵԭ
׷߶˵ǳҪҲͨ׷ߵȷߵİȫʵȫ¡
Ѿʧ˰ʱ𣿡
ַüͷʱ˵˵Ҳ̣ûоĵַѰҡħĻͽкۼĨȥˡ
¡̹һλԾǨߣȥʲôط
ַ˼ʵ
ˣһλߣǽ˾ҲΪ˽ĿߣһжΪ񣬿µһʱͻħ
ַǰһ
ԣǵôħ֡ʧħйϵǾ˵ѾҵħһЩ˿ԲŻᱻħϡ㣬еУпҵħ˿
ַоѾҵȷ˼·
ǣٴ˹ħһЩϣ鱨ʾкܿħټҲ֪ʵĿġ
ڿħûҲûɴǻǱȺУǿ϶شͼı
ӵ۹£ַ岻Сκˡ
ħǱıǾ޷죬Ҫҳǣʵ̫ˡ
ȥңǾռͨԶĵطһҵѰҡ
ַһ˿ᶨ
ԼƶǿߣһԸ˷һֵʱ䡣϶ҪҲѯھĴ¼
ΪַԼҲôģǡǡһߣ
ţҲһȥҡ
ǣַ忪ʼһѰңó˶Ӱ˱ϡ
ڣַȻھռͨԶһУҵ˶ͣĺۼ
мؿԿӰǡһǰ
ַ¡ָ̹ļϵͳ¡̹˵ֻС¡ܿ죬ͨļأַҵ˶Ӱ
һʮʱ䣬ڸתƣڲʲô
ڵڶʮ죬Ӱʧˣмصݣƺƾһء
˶ֽš
ַҿ϶п϶йڶʧٵĺۼ
Ȼر˶ֽţַȥ˶齵ľƵ꣬ҶַԵȻѡˮƵꡣ
ַţܹܿ˳ϣҵʧٵࡣ

ѰҶ١
֪Ǳˣһʧ٣һưոݡ
ͺ˵ˣҪǱˣǵļƻҪһ˿㶼ʲôȻ˱ϲĵӣ
ңͷǵļƻˣõȵڣ
˳ĬڰȴܿӰ
ô죿
ú󣬺ڰһͳ
飬ˣ
ǽ˶Ѿ˱ĸ߶Ⱦ裬ٸɵˣֱǲ˹ǵļƻ̫ðˣҲͬ⡣
㻹иõİ취𣿡
ҾӦüӿƻˣ죬죬ƻУ
죿Ҳҿ϶ѧԺЩϼһ᲻ͬ⡣ǵСĽֱвǵ
ҵȻףðһЩҲֵõģһƻɹʱǾͶɱˣϵ˭κεǣ
ɣʱ䣬ҪȥǸĵӣ顣
ƺ˾ǣںڰУ˵ӰѾϢʧˡ

ˮƵ긺ˣЩˡ
ͻһߣӲûаƢһδεĵأһδεȥĳ䷿Ѱʲô
ҲһЩ߹ȴ涼ûмЩ߾ͱˡ
֪һǿߣӴҲҷߵ¡
Ȼַ壬ˮƵѾܳʱˣȴһͷûС
ʱס֮ǰסķ䡣
ֻһЩɢҵ־ûʲôĵط
ϻڲţ죬һֱڷһ£ǾǾѧԺҪһشʵ顪ڶ


441 ð
ڶһ壬ⶼ޷ݣƼ޷ڶ
Ҳһһ磬ΪߵԼռ
һ͸ߵڶֻռܹڶ⡣
ˣڶ۶ԿƼضΣյġ
ξĿѧԺȻ벶ڶһɹ˲ĳɾͣھ˵ܹڿƼһʵķԾ
ԣżǷ֣ͨ˶ܹ֪شϢ
ԭַҲûעţַһЩ־оһЩ־ںǡڶ֪ʶ
ǶںڶϸоͽܣһЩڶ൱һǧźϣ
һǧźǵǺεȵĿֲҪ֪֮ìڵ֮ҲֻǺ̮ʱֻ֮ռݺĺСһ֡
һǧźǣ൱һ֧֮ìϣࡣ
ȵȣڶ̺Ӵûпܱħɣ
ַԺһ˿⣬ƺ뵽ʲôԺвһ󵨵ͷ
ˣǸܡڶǺֲħôҿǸߵһҿڶǾͲħɺڶˣǺڶħˡϣλߵҪȥ̽һСͺڶߵڶˣֻʣһλߵ˳
¡̸ַ̹ռʶڶĿֲѾģǿƼߣںڶ޿κΡ
ַȴҡҡͷص˵ħȻҿڶڶأ
¡̹΢΢һ㶣ֿ˿ţ𾪵˵ˣ˵ЩħھУΪ˲ڶ⡭̫ˣ
ǰδй·
ħǱƼİɺڶ붼÷˼ϸ룬ƺҲǲܡ
ĿѧԺܹɹڶĻһ˺ڶЩħпܽڶӴɱ䡣
ǸߵĻпܾɱռǸʱ򣬶ϵһ޴ѡ
Ҫ֪ħ湫У֮ȫһաһռħǼֱµ㡣
ǧǣᱻһգһ޿κΡǱıԳ֣ûܿռħ
¡̹ѧԺ鿴ѧԺڲڶƻĽȣǷаղڶ
¡̹жȴûֿܹѧԺϵͳ
ˣԿѧԺܣ޷ϵͳ
ַüͷԿѧԺı൱ܰȻ¡̹ǻеĻеĿƼѷɫе
˴ѧԺ¡̹Ҳ޷֡
ܲܲ鵽ѧԺβ벶ڶƻľ
ˣҪܹɴȥڶ𣿡
ԣħţһС
ַԽԽ϶Ϊ鵽ĳЩ˿Բšʧ١ˣڶ׶༪١
ЩħΪ˲ڶٶǸߵϾǳǲ˺ڶҲ޴֣޷ɣʵ̫
ߵħҪϢĽǾ׺ܶˡ
¡̹ûַʧȻԿѧԺܣֻԲڶƻ
ڲ벶ڶƻĿԱȻҲһıѲס¡̹¡̹Ըַʽ˳
ˣҵһǧ˰پʮˣȷҪμӲڶƻġпԱǧˣʣµĶǺڡսԱȵȡ
ôˣЩ鷳
ַҪڶʱųôˣҳصġħ»ѡϾһжֻĲ²⣬һûħأ
ӵ۹ַ岻κιǣͳͳץʾˡھȴܺɱߵǿϲӣҲȨھΪ
ǿʳûзսСûĸ߸Сġ
ֱǿץʣʱֽȣѧԺѾڶƻʱħıóѣַ֪Ҳûʲôˡ
ֻðһˣβڶԱУעⲶڶƻħˣǾƻħıʱҲжɡ
ַĺֻѰҶ£ħټһʵ֤ݣǾ
ؼǣû֤ݣȡ֤ݲС
¡̹̽ĿǰõϢԼҵƲⷢʱ׼
ַѾˣðջ벶ڶƻԱУֻҪҵħȷ֤ݾС㱻ħ֣Ҳÿռ䷨ֱ롣


442 ƻ
Ԫִһ񣬲ҼԶˣܻܲ˵ˣص˼٣úһʱ䡣
Ҳһʱ䡣
ԪһϽ׼㶫ʱȴֲԾˡԭֵĽֵϣһӰƺֻһˡ
ΪһѵİȫԱԪľԷǳǿܹǿܲǿ̫ߵı׼ʵѾﵽһԾǨˡ
ҲֻʸȥִĿ
ڣո׼ȴֻҲãһǿ
ǰ棬һİӡ
ԪִкڶսȫԱˡ
ԪӵĻɫ˲䡣ڶһʱ񣬾κ⡣
ڼ仹˲׼͸У˳û뵽ա
ӵôˣһߡ
Ԫſ죬˷Ϣ޷Ժкһʶڽʧ
ԪҪԼʶѣȴ󳹵ʧȥʶ
˺Ȼַ壬ڶУоԱأһСľͻ¶ţˣûѡоԱǰȫԱ
ѡ˶Ԫ
ַ彫Ԫһʳˮ֧ŶԪȥµʱˡԪҲߣϵ
ԺַѾ뿪˾
ʵ׵İ취ǽԪɱˣŲκһַԭΥȻôںԵ޹ʾɱһͨˣַҲ
Ԫַ߶սϸʼı仯ձ˶Ԫֱһģһϸһ£ַǧ򻯡
һԪֱ׾١
˶Ԫģַ¡̹ռ˶Ԫһϣ֪Ԫͻݼ١ܻأ׼ִвڶƻ
Ȼʱַͽӵ˻صٰ֪ͨԪͶԪļ˸󣬾ֱӻᵽܻء
⴦غӴ󣬶һжΪȿǣȫԱʵ࣬Ϊʱս͡
ǽֻǱоԱĸ˰ȫˣֹͻ¼ķ
Ԫ˳ġ롱˰ȫԱУӦĿǰġֻˣʵС
ܿ͵˲ڶļƻʱ䡣ǳӣǲǧս͡
ЩսУսܹɱߵ⣬Ƚ䱸ˡ
ȼǾڻҪֲкܶ࣬˳֧׾ܽɱ
ַ壬ֱһ֧ǿ󽢶ӡ
ǿƼַҲп֮ȻΪƼռҪλ֮дȻ֮
ַľǾĵȴעⷢȺصġħ֪ħʲôʱᡰֳԭΡʱע⡣
ΪһħֳԭΡˣǾζһжҪˣħĿľͿҪɣǸʱ򣬱ֹħ
սſзɴ˾ǣǹ۲⵽ĺڶȥ
Ȼڶ֮˲֪˲ڶȴָһĿƼµǸݿѧƲ⣬кڶĴڣ۲ڶ
ܹ۲쵽ڶѾ൱˲ˡ
ȻƻŲڶǾ̫˼ˣеܹڶоڶʱ򣬾ϣоԸռĿֲ
ϾڶֻռܹĿֲ塣
ڶǧ꣬൱ңԶˣɴͽӵٶȶܿ죬ֻµʱ䣬Ѿӽ˺ڶ
սܻͷɴڶ̫ľ룬Ļսпܱڶɡ
Ϊ˱֤ɴľ԰ȫӿʼ峡ڶٹڶɨһգȷûв󣬽Ӳֹͣж
ǿԱˣڶƻʽ
ַڿԱķɴϣΪȫԱڿϵ¿νһϲ֪ͨڶƻĽչ
ǿЩԱϵı֪ˣпԱһĽš
ˣˡ
ڿԱУףȴܼԱ˷ܲͬƺ˼⣬һ˿̰
ڶƻͷԪʣ
μƻĿԱᶨ´


443 ڶ
ˣ
ɴʼ𶯣ɳһҵСͷɴгǧңǵصԶĺڶȥ
ЩɴСԪʡǾѧԺ·ֵʣǷ֣ԪʣܹЧĵֵڶɡ
Ԫʵԣͼƻڶ
ȻǰֻʵһЩʵ飬ȡ˳ɹҪʵôһӴĺڶǵһΡ
ַҲǵһμڶһ˿Щɴϡ
ŷɴڶͲҪٷˣڶǿֱӾͽǧҷɴ˽ȥ
ַ帽ڷɴϵľҪջȻ޷ջڶš
ַһθܵ˺ڶĿֲƴ·ܹһС
ַһʱжһ˿ȫҪڶɡɣַӵСĽˡ
ڵʵһڶ׽ɣ׶༪٣ϾߵԺڶһ
䣡
ųǧСͷɴڶɣڿڶʱЩɴеļȶ򣬿ʼ͵ıըըĻ⣬һʧˣӴĺڶ˽ȥ
󣬾ȻһɫʣڵĺڶƯ
⡭
˶һЩѧԱҲ˷ܣЩɫʾԪʣһַǳصʡ
ֿܹڶɣԭǰֻʵֳܹĻ棬ڣӴĺڶǰЩԪʾȻҲֵܵڶɡ
Ԫͷųɹ̽һ׶ΣԪڶ
ǣȵļƻѧԺʼԪʴͷš֮ǰǧҷɴֻһ֣дСͷɴŸԪʽڶ
һҵķɴɽ˺ڶԪҲԽԽ࣬󣬺ڶнһƬɫĹĻ˵һʼƬĻֻһС֣ƴС
ԪʵԽԽ࣬ƬĻҲԽԽȻסһֵĺڶһѸٵ͡
Щɴƺû̫ܵ
ˣˣڶһܹ񣡡
Աǣ۾ĶŹĻڶƻɲһʱ䣬ӷԪʵڣѾȥϰʱ䡣
ǿƼӳͨ˵Ҳʱ䣬Ϊ˸˴Ѫ
Ԫ۳һšڶסʵ֣ѾԽԽˡ
һ˺ڶǾʹʷǽԶǣ
ʱһĹȥһԪʵͷţԪγɵĹĻѾԽԽӴԶԶȥһŴһڶΧ
ȻҪססڶҪԪʽһ֡ԪʱͺأһԪʣͷųǿþˣܹסһƬĺڶ
ַҲʱעȺе֪Խǹؼʱ̣ԽǿҪɹʱ̣ЩħԽпܰͲס֡
һ졢졢졭
ɴͷһԪʣһֱϣͷһµʱ䣬ڣڶѾˣֻʣһ㡣
һԪʱͷţԪһ۳ΣǾܳ׷סڶӴˣڶͳ˾֮塣мֵ֮󣬼ֱ
ڶھҪħҲҪ
һԪͷţȻըγһƬġڶ׷ҷɴͱըˡ
ǵģը׾پͱըˣӻгӴĿֲ
ħħˣ
ڶǺڶȻĽڶˡ
һħЦ
Ϊһ죬ѾϰʱˣԴ֪˾ȻԪʣǾƶ˲ڶļƻû뵽ĳɹˡ
һڶɣǶкܴɱ䣬ʱֲ֮ȥ
ħɷѿģȻھǱϰʱ䡣
ַս֮Уûκζڷɴըһ̣ÿռ䷨ֱŲƳ˷ɴһעħ
μƻпԱϸϣˣһ۾ϳħȻβڶƻĿĴʼߡ
˶ǴʼˣڶƻһƶģԲڶ̶̰ʱ䣬չ١
ַҲ壬̰ʱ䣬רƶһмƻһжΪǵҰġþڴĿģɹĲ˺ڶ
Ļֱȵӵ۹ĻʺҪǿϺܶࡣ
ңµǣħȻǸߵʩչս壬ǣԶԶȥͷ·ޣʱǶɡ
ҲΪʲôַһֱھȴԭߵѾԲֵˡ
ڵһʱ䣬ͽĻ涼͸еǿܼܲʱϵͲַҵ˵ġ


444 վ
ߵħ޼ɵĶѾ񡱵ĺڶ¶̰֮ɫǵһѾ̫á
ħ˲ɱ˷ɴϵˣЩɶǾоԱ̶ȣǧҷɴҪ
ȴȫˣ
ǣǧսʼҵĺ
һĿֲâ˲䴩ңԶľ룬ݺݵĺħϣЩɶܹɱοǧս
ܼĺըߵħҲһвǣħתۼͽǧս̽˿С
ǿħ˵ûʲôǲɵģɣһԼǿǾɡ
ʱ֮ѾħɨһˣַúԶҲҲ鿴ֻԶԶĿħӴս壬Ҳ޷֪ħʲô
ַ御Զħ֮ǰ΢һ㣬ǿҵĸܵħϵĿֲϢħ֣һӶ޷ֱ֣Ӿͻᱻɡ
ĳ˵ħͺڶһģʲôֱɡ
ϴ󣬻һֻСӡ
ӦǱĵӣҲѾ֪ͨ˱
ûϵֻҪ˺ڶʱ뿪ѵ׷ɱǣһɱ䣬Ϊռ֮ﲻݺ᣿
ַ˿Ҳ֪ħͷֻһֱûжְˡ
϶Сӽ˰ɣɺڶκ⡣
ס
ǣħ͵һ
䣡
ǵսεӴ󣿼൱һźǣȫһٶж죿
ַֻоħͺһգ۾͵Զĵط
ˣ
ַһţħһţֲͽַסҲɿħĴȥ
ٺ٣һڶĹ˷ֻ֣ҪźڶҾɱռϵΰ˭ܶҹв֮ҿԲκηˣ
ΨһħӴȻ͵ڶײȥĴԽԽȻӴԽڶһ¡
ıʲַܳԾħҲŭ
ϴ㾹Ҷ̺ڶ
ħֱǷҪ·ֹϴ󣬵ôüž죬һ֮Ǻεȿֲһӽڶɡ
ַ壬ħʱѾϾ˼ˡ
ħƺڧַҲ⡣ֱӴռȥһ뿪ûܸϵ֤ݣռħɲʲô¡
ңַ廹һܹõ
ȻҪ̣Ҿ̲ɣ
ַӰһֱӴռ䡣ٶȣҲϲˣռ䴩󣬽ֻһգַۣ͸ϵ˺ڶǰ
һߵħַûаʤ㣬¶Էվﲻַ֣幥ַҲ޿κΡ
ַ岢ҪһߵսĲ࣬Ψһİ취ƻԪʣúڶٱ
ϫ򣡡
ַʩչϫںڶзܹˡ
ַʩչϫЩԪʷ׷ױϫƻЩԪʵǺܴģȻܹڶֻǶԺڶеֿȴûжĵֵ֮
ǣž޴һҧʱַѾʩչϫ򣬡Ԫʣԭĺڶ³ˡ
ڶжôĿֲ
ַԼС˺ڶԪʱƻһ̣ڶĿֲֳˡ
ԭħѾҪ̵ڶѾǿеˣźڶķƣڶĿֱֲӷħĴ̡ˡ

ڶħһҽУղŻãԼܹɱռһ̣ȴҪٿµĺڶ
޷ֿ
ǣħӴսȻڿֲĺڶǰûκãֱӾͱˣøߵ֮ûУѾû뵽˺ڶ֮С
ַҲܵ˺ڶ̾ʩչռ䷨Ҫռͨ뿪
ʱڶ˾ҵı仯
䣡
ڶͺ˱ըһһǿʮϣҺڶȻۿɼٶѸٵ͡
һַ̣޷ռֱͨӾͱ˺ڶ
ħҲǣıȽԶǵӴҪܶô޴οڶһ˲ʮ
ǣħҲѸٵı˺ڶ
ڶ˸ߵħߵʵ̺˿Ҳѷɫһźǣ൱һźǵĺڶȻͣ
ۿžڶԽԽַҲ¶һ˿ҡ
ʧˣԭΪռ䷨ߣ˭뵽ڶħ͵ô죿
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ݿսĳַ֣ģĿռӦһǿַӦ˿ռ䣬ֻǣڶַΧڵĿռ䣬Ѿ֧顣
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ֻǵռ䷨ַӦЩĿռ䣬ǸͲܡжݿսͲͬˣרΪռ䴩ս巨ţڸӦռϣȻ֮
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ַѾĺڶˣƺĿ־壬ַֻǿһۣеľս
ৣ
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446 
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447 ճԲ
ˣϲûԴҺϢ͵ĽϢйԴҲ

ˣԴҺϴըʱڣɱըõһʡֲܹ޸һϸƣǿϸǿȣһԴҺ̺̺ʵ޸ϸϸҶ汾ʣȵȣмĺô֮һ
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449 ԾǨ
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450 ʷ
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ԴҺ֧£ַսٶ޼
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ÿе
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תַ壬¶һ˿οЦݣҵǵԴҺû˷ѡ
µǵԴҺ򣬵Ӳ֪Ҫ߶·
ַ嵹ʵĸм
ⶼӦõģӣܻعȴָ֮һԶԶӵӸӳɫ۵Բսɣ
ַһȻѾµˣȻµˣûʲôģ˵ͷӵȷȽսԲ״̬ɱ
Բս尡ԴҴûܹ޳Բս壬ǵһȻѾǿ֮ϣ㲻ҪŽֻǵһˣֻȱ΢һ㡣Ժ·ܳԲ֮עǳѣҲԲս壬ɾֻϧһɱʼû޳Բս壬ͣϵꡣϣ㲻Ҫصҵĸޡ
ԭҲԲ֮۳Բս壬Բսɱ
ѹֱܹΪ߸ϵΰ۷ǿ֮һԭҲ˿ַ
Ȼÿһλܹվ۷ΰַ֮ɾͣЩ۷ȣҲ㲻ʲô
Բ֮ΪҲҪŬﵽԲһԺ˱ĵزͻ׷Ī
ϵָ㣬һԱָ㣬ǳѵáȻϣϲӣǺĵӣǱصĵӡ
ʵϣУָĵӣ޼ָܵõָ㣬֪Ľ
ȻԲ֮պĵ·ΣգһЩ񣬿ҲᱻЩϼһЦ
Ӱһַһ˿֮ûУѾ֮Сٴο˱ǿֲı壬൱һϵôӴôӴǰַСͬɳһ㣬ۡ
ַ岻֪жôӴ󣬵֪һϵһϵǺһϵֱ10ꡣ
һ94000ڹַĿǰսأʮһͷûУοӵʮı
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452 
ڶ˵ӴӴַúԶܹܵڶַˣڶǼ̡
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453 
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Щֿڣַˡңͷ֮ĶԻô˵أЩ죬ԼԼ˵˵ʲôַҲ֪˼
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οҪ·ĸǣŻġ
ˣַֻʱ䣬ս峹ȹ̲պ;ҪĸˣΪˣ
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454 
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ռͨǵ۹һռͨݳƷӶ࣬񵱳ַһеˣռͨ붼롣
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ৣ
ڣһӰӿռͨڳ֡
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Ǹ̻ʧصߣ̻߲֮ǣʱ᳤̻˺ڹʣµά̻ת
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̻Ļ᳤ޣرǿӲԴƶ̻󣬾һϵеֶΣ̻Ťתϡ
ৣ
ڰ칫æµĹȻƺоЩ̧ͷǰϣȻһİӡ
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޻᳤ǰûң»ûΪ̻Ļ᳤ɣˣǰλ᳤򡣡
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ڻǰ̻ٱ̣ǰ᳤̻Ҳлλ᳤֮λһߵ˽졣
ǰλ᳤֮ԻΪһصߡ
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ڣֻˣǰţһʱ䣬Ҳ顣
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սһƺԶĺǣӴ󵽼ս壬Ѿʧ˱ڰ֮Уĳǰ

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472 
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474 ѹ
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485 
𾴵Ĺ֪ͣľλãǿṩ۸񡭡
ˡ
ʢ뿪ˡЩ鱨ûʲôøУľλãò֪
ˮǾֻһǾԪµĳͳ죬ˮǡ
ҪɱĳǳĵܵܳɽҲΪʲôɽôǿΪţʵźܴĹϵ
ɱʧܣΪɽ壬ȴ֪ڴɱʱץסˡ
ȴûɱΪǼ챦ó嶼Ϊ֮ĿǼ챦ǳ֣ûķţ޷ʹá
Ϊ˵õ챦ķţųٳûɱʢ˶ĥ
ٵȵȣҺܿͻˡףֻİˡ
ʢս˫ȭţȻⴳôʱ䣬һֱû֪αˡ
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486 Ǳ
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ʢüͷ΢壬ԪߵȷǸ鷳ԷҲߣһǾøʢߡ⿴Ԫ֪ˣһ˿ǣֻ΢һ㡣ȵû̲֮ǰ춼Ҫǿ
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һľҲڵѪʮ䣬ʢͬôң죬ֵʮꡣ
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ڴ˽ŲһĿ࣬һͷɫ˴̤˵ǰ
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忴һĥˣȴڣ޿κΡ
ģһֱĥôʱ䡣ţֵܹʱܾȡ
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488 ǲ

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489 
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ԴʢϧðʩչֵֶΣռ챦УĲµʢı򵥡
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ַЦЦʵ⸱飬ʢЩ˼ǽס֣֣ص˵ףҪȵѣ

Щɬʢ֣Ǵ󷽷ַٲСڣʢļǰҲ뱣ò
ʢҲڳ˰ĸҴǻȥúÿʢϵŮʲô֮ͬ
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ַһݣϻǺƽЦ˵Ȼ˵ģֻԷ˳˵һ죬ϸѯʾûˣҲ⡣
ԭˣأѯˣ඼졣
εˡһЩԼһºۼʼǰ󱬷֮ء
ַҲȻӦ
ɸַصסӶ۵£һλܹ棬ͼɱ漶ΰڣµĶѰ
ַ־ڶ޷ˡ
񹬣ҵȥһˣڲУۣѹһݺǿ޵Уؿ¶ԳõĲ࣬ȥҵ񹬣ҲûʲôáпΪڵı鷳
ҪȥĻ󱬷֮ȡõɱɸߵʱ򣬲ȥѰ񹬵ʱ
ַţʵַܹΪ֮ȥѰ񹬣Ķ϶á
бɽܷβܣַѾ㹻ˣĻھǰϵѰˡ
ʱ仹һ£ַҲû˷һµʱ䡣һڳϫǰвϫ
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ȥ²һ˶֪ʲôǲǶţ
ңַ廹зʦȨص²ԷӴĵӣʱҲԵв
Ҳ²Ӷ׷ױμӡ
ʱһζַ彵ٵвʱвĹ㳡ϣȻӡ
ǵ飬ַԤϣԭΪһǧ˾Ͳˣû뵽ôࡣ
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501 ̽
ַһڶҲǡȻûнãôһΣܾûˡ
ַҲЩǾá
ڳϫַر̣ܵһķ򣬵ϫȴַӲŬ򵽵ġ
ͱĹϵϫȫַȥģˣԳϫҲи̵ĸд
ַûн̫ֻǽԭʼĳϫ򣬸ָ֣ȵȡ
ȫַԼľ̸֮ȻûϵͳԹʵߡ
ˣַһǴɹӶδֻϧַֻСʱ
һµõַը֮ػˡ
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ַڷϵ裬ȷŵϺšȻ⻹Ϊûַ֪ķѾ򵽸ߵ򼶵ĳ̶ȣĻУԷ֮ķһˣ
һʱҴҶɵԼʱѾˡ
ѾһˣƮȻ뿪סǰɵµľ
ַҲˣ͵ˡ
ˬʵЦţַĴڴڣɶ⣬һһŮλߡ
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ַһĵӣѹɺݼߵλպǿߡʷҲûж١
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Ц˵ɺݼҲæַ塰̽һҪУܱ̽ȥըٹĶҪúܶࡣ
ַ御ЩӾþ֤Ա֮ĺìܲҪȽìܡ;ìܱǲΣա
ַҲûнСڻݼͬСӲ΢һ֮ǰ˵Ļ߼ƻڶԹˡ


502 澡ͷ
Уϵʵǿǧս壬԰ȺۣϲҲǿߡ
Ȼַ嶯ø߼ǾͲͬˡ
һ˵ʵԽǿȨҲԽ󡣵˵ȴЩͬʵǿַԸоóʵɡ
ƶƻһҲᷴԣݼҲͬһȻģַЩ档
Ц˵ַ¿֪ʵѾܶˣ֪˴ˡҽַǵСУºݼ²ЩģҪ̽һ¡
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˾֣ʵɵļƻַҲͷ
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Ϊˣ׼һҷɴƻ·߶滮ˣַ嵱ȻûݼҲϰɰһС
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Ĥľͷ棬ͺһһʵڲϵšըĤţÿһţ涼ʡ
Щʣ󲿷ʵɵʣǲġ
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Ĥԭӣ֪Ĥ֮⣬ʲô
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ַҲǵһ˵
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ߵߣ
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ҲԶԶĿַһܾͬ衣ûжͣԶԶ뿪ˣַ˱ž롣
߶½ռλãطĤ̫һը׵壬ɣԶ
Ҳ˵ͷ滹ƽȻõġһ󱬷ôܲըʱĳΣգοߵ
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503 ٽ
˸·ʱ䣬ըʱ仹мˣ½˵ִִĻ϶һЩߵ߳
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Щ͸õˣǵĿֻǺĲ㣡ըĺĲ㣬ıĲܴ󣬶ҳû˸ҽ룬´ҲһЩʱԽĲ㣬ҲҪôļǵռλãԾըٽҲ١
ЩΧߣͱֶ롣ΧȻҲܹ󣬵ߵҲܶ࣬ʱΪʣ֡ԣǲŻôռλá
ַ˵ͷѾˣûдۺǰǴۺżըʼٽ룬Ҳ١
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˾۶⣬ֽһЩۡУһЩޣߡ
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ַۣƺЩߡȻ嫣ߴ󲿷ֶ𣬵ҲСԲȫͬ
۲ߣǿվޣҲ

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506 
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Խ֤Խֲֲ̺ʣܲ󣿾òˣպҲܽ׸Ҫʹá
ɺ䶼ͷȻ֪ʵľãȴԴԵķֱǷ
ְ취ȷҲֻǼ򵥴ֱİ취ȴҲֱӣЧİ취
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ַɲڽֻõһʣõʡһЩʣֻһ㣬ʶҪ
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ֻԶľ֣˲ͱ򱬣˶Էŭַᣬʹٶȣյ˿ռ֮У̽ûʱ䡣

Զ棬תۼͷλߣҸս嶼Ϊţٶǧϡ
һս峬ԽǧӽǧĿֲߣﵽߵ۷塣䶼Ϊ֮ɫһ䣬ԵüΪء
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Ϊ׵ӽǧߣɣըжһ˿˿
ɡݼԼ䣬ɫءԷˣλǧսߣλǧսߡ
ԱɡݼˣѹɡݼҲߣҿ϶еƣǿıԴȵȡ
ܹըԵ˭ûеƣ
һƴս»ɵ׶༪١
˭Ǳӡ
ɻû˵꣬Էһʲôһ̵ӣ
һ̣
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ըڼ䣬϶ǸƾʡҲбƴģɢ޵ĻӣһЩġ
һ̣ǿǲȱѷɫȱǿ
ԭܼ򵥣һ̽һλ𣬱ӿµλʢ˸ϵ
һ̵ˣ϶Ű裬޼ɣǿеĶֻģû˭֮Կ
οϵʵɵ˻ԶԶһ̵ĵӡһʱ䣬ɡݼ뵽˳ĬС


507 ɵѡ
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ȻûнַУǴַ塣ӵĻ䣬ϾҲǧս壬
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ַɫҲĸӦУʵ˿ռ豸УҲɻʮ㣬Ƿǳʡ
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ΪⳡըַҲ׼֮ǰʵҲΪڹؼʱܸ䲻ôѾˣҵˣҪóʣôܣ
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ַҡҡͷ£ɵ£ݼ£Ƿģûз衣֮ǰȣҷģƾˣûʸʣ

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սǧĿֲߣ͵İһƣգɡ˶һӸоҪϢһ㡣
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ǳϫս壬ʮĳϫս壬һַ̣ȴʩչ˸ߵ򼶵ĳϫ
ը֮Уǳϫ֮ĳϫŨ˼㡣ﶯóϫܹһϡ
ˣַ嶯˸ߵ򼶵ĳϫսѸ棬ĳϫսڳϫ£൱ڹս塣
ըĳϫ֮£ĳϫֻǿˣַԼҲ֪ھжǿ
ַһĳǧսһƱֱСһһ̣ȴдĳϫַ֮ƣһʱ䣬ƱԽԽգһֻƣַսҪ
ңһ̵˺Ȼо˾Ȼַסˣûгֵ˶סˡ
ɫ䣬ƺЩԾ
䣡
ֻǣûʱٸǿˣַһ˳ȥƬǿգƺһĳǿնˣоֻһơ


508 ׼ۣ
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һ죬ڼžǿԵôࡣ
Ŀⶼһ̵ǧսߣַƴʱ棬ͺһͲȡ
һģ˶˹飬ϸ

һ̵ǧսߣսȻͬѩڻһ㣬ۿɼٶȣѸٵı
ַƣȴ㣬һסһߣݺݵȥ
ôܣ
ۣѵǴۣ
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ǿһӰˣһ˿ۼûУλ߰лһλǧս۷ߡ
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ַܹõʯǼֱַ֮ԼҲ챦Բ¶ֺ
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509 ջ
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Ưʡ
ɵ˶ϸʣ͸ͷ׵ĹâԿͺһһȴڲϵ䶯ǳ档
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ֱǼκ鶼Ҫ̺߸Ტۡ
οôһʣ̺ôֲѹܹô˳Ȼͬһ㡣
ֻǣôӴʲôã
ַ˼ʱմϵһ˿˿ʣȴһӡһ㣬ȻΪһ˿ߣһַС
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ߣߣ
ȻѾըһըһķΧԺըеڶĲȵεıըܹϯٸϵ档
ˣӵԶҲûϵܸըôĴۣҪоʣֻԶЩۡ


510 սƷķָ
ˣѾˣѾ㹻ңԶǵڶը϶Შ
ַһտǿգĴˣоʵѵط
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ҵַ¹󣬼һ֮õʡˣַ¿Էֵþųɵʣƽֵһʡ䣬ݼǾΣ
ųɵʶַ壬ܹսѣʹúʵ̾һӾͷֳȥ˾ųɣݼЩۡ
ȴɵĻ֣ʵѾռһЩˡĻֲС̾ͻֱ
Ƿֵַλ׼ۣըУܻöʣ
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ƽ˵ȴһ㶼ƽսƷĻ֣һпܷĿɳǷǳ־棬ҪƽС


511 ԾǨ
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ַҲͬˣ΢΢˿ڿ˵ַϿĻ֡
ַȻҲԼĿܻʣƺһ˵ĹͣȫҲʲôɵҲ϶һɢ
ʵϣû֮ǰɵļƻһֱ룬ַһֱ
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²˳٣ըڶˣҪӦʱֵ⣬ǵʵȻԽǿԽáҾʹʣսʵɡ
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Ϊ˸ߵﵽǧȻʱ䣬ս嵽ǧĳ̶ȣ͵˼ޣ޷ˡ
ս壬ַʮս壬ֱС׼סοַս廹ڼ
ɺݼǱ䶼Ҫѷɫ࣬˵ַᲢˡ
Ŀ䣬ţѵַҪ޳Բս壿
Ҳ֪Բս壬ݼҲ֪
ֻǣ⼸Ϊ˵ˣ򼶵Բս壬Ǳ˵ˣû˵ֻǴڴ˵С
ǲԲս壬Ҳַ֪£עҪ޳ɱʷǿĳս壡
Ŀ¶âǰַֻ֪һϢڣַ彥չʾܡм𶯡
ַͺһһȫܣÿһܶôľ춯أġ
ַʱϸϷѣս岻͵泩ĸо֡ȻϸЩʹ࣬仹ѵô죬Դʱַ־˵ȴֵһᡣ
ĸоϸϵķѣս岻ϵڴ
ʱַ壬ȻָоܴšˣߵţԾǨţ
ƺֻҪһܹԾǨܹɱΪߵָоǳ֣ȫȻȻĲ
ڿԾǨ
ַЩĶǺĶû˻ԾǨĶǿԾǨһַʮսԾǨΪߣǱضǿߣ
иߵǿǧַһԾΪǿ׼֮һڴ֮¡
ջ˭ֵܵ
ԾǨ
ַ۾Ҳ˾ᣬƺ˽棬ָͷԺС
ԾǨɱ䣡ԾǨ
ֻҪһͷ־һᶨ׾ٵɱΪߡĻᣬ󣬴Σٵ´ξͲ֪Ҫȶ೤ʱˡ
λᣬԶûлˡ
ৣ
ַ͵۾Ŀޱȵļᶨһ̣Ѿ˾


512 ᶨ
ѹơ
ַԺ˽սͷ뷨ײջǵֵסˡջ󡱣ᶨûԾǨ
Ȼֻʱûɱ䣬һѵĻᣬκߣ¶ᡣ
ַˣʮԾǨƷǳˣַĻҪԲսɱ䡣
ΪԲսɱ䣬ʵܴ󣬸ҪԭַҪ·ߵĸԶ
ֻΪۣΪۣ棬Ϊ
Ҫ·ߵĸԶȻûһҪҪԲս壬еÿһǴԽι̣ôԺвŻӵȹ̣ӵףҲߵĸԶ
Ϊһ翵δһɱľѻᣬֵ
ܶ˻òֵãַȴֵãᣬ·һֱ˳˳ˮڸʣַܹӽӽԲս壬ʲôģ
պкܳʱ䣬ţһһս壬޳Բս塣
ַļᶨսٴ͡
ʮһʮʮ
ȻַսڲϵͣٶȻܿ죬ȴɱ䡣ַɱһ̣Ѿʧȥᡣ
ȻʱʧȥɱĻᣬַսȴʵ£ϵɱ䡣
ʮʮʮʮʮ
ַսٶԽԽ죬תۼѾ͵ʮѾ֮ǰַս
ʮս壬ֻǳ˭
Աߵ䡢ԼݼΪַ廤ַսٶȣĿࡣ
ʵЧôã
ݼ̲סЩһս尡ҿӻڼӡս壬ɾˡ
ɫӵ˵²ʵԭַµս壬û´¾Բս壬ɱ
ʲôԲսɱ
ݼĿɿڴ䶼һǶ֪ɼʶ㣬һֱŷɣڣȴЩš
ɣǲǿˣԲս壬Ǹ˵ˣַôԲսɱģ
Ҳ̫ţԲս壬Ȼ˵ֻǴ˵˭Ҳûмڱû˭޳ɹԲս塣
˵ַȷʵǿڷϼֱ񣬷ǳĲ˼顣Ҫ˵ַ޳Բս壬һͲš
˿˵Բս岢Ǵ˵Ǳһλ޳Բսˡ
Ǳ޳ԲսĵӣܣеĻҲ֪ܲ
ţڱʱ䣬ɶû˵λ޳Բս塣
ȴƵ˵˭˵ǵˣ
ǵӣǡ
µԲսɱģ
ʲô£
ݼһۣ
߸ϵıУǾͬǿһ䲻׽ڱϲĺĵӣʵҲ֪֮١
¾һλԲսߡֻϧʱû޳Բս塣ַ£϶ǵõµӣ»ַµϼһ˿ϣ
Ҳ֪ĸϢ֪ЩܣݼûлɡʶѾܳʱˣһ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ǧϣ
˵ǰһҿ϶ַԲսɱĻôΣַʹʣȴսôࡣһޱȹ̵Ļܹġַ֪ܴܲ漣޳򼶵Բս壬ұպ󽫻һλ޵еĴˣϣΪڶλ
ĿȣĶǿеǵӰ
Խ˽ַ壬ɾԽңַӣĿǰΪַֹĹϵ
ƾһϵɡԼݼ֪ܻöٺô
ʱַ壬ȫעĹ۲ս壬֪Ѿĵð˾Ųʮˡ֪ҲʲôֻǻһЦˡ
ΪɵӣһΣյը˳Уǳᱩ¶ֵֶκܡ
¶Ҳ޷ֻҪʵǿǾû˸Ҷʲô˼
ַͶϤһУˣеҪ޳Բս壬޷ﵽԲս壬ҲҪĽӽԲս塣
ˣͶ˰ٷְٵľںʣƶս͡


513 
ַս岻ϵͣԽԽӴַڸоһ˿ԲϢ
ʮ
ַսն֣ʮս壬һֻǳϣֱ˼顣
ŵս壬һһ·ЯĪܡַ֣δоǿ
ս壡
ңҪǣַоԲϢǵģԲܸоֻҪһ㣬ܰʮս壬ֻ߾ʮս壬һܹ޳򼶵Բս塣
Ǳû׳١
֮ǰַᶨԾǨûмʱߣڿȷģѾˡԲ֮·
ֻһ㣬ܹ޳ԲսˡҪֻһ£Ǿɨɨʡ
ҵƵʣӶ޳Բս壬ַĸоֻһܴﵽԲսˣѾֿɼ
ʱ˭赲ǰ˭ַ嶼Ҫͳͳƿͳͳѹ
ಣ
ɡݼԼ䣬ַսѾͣӦѾںϽˣǷ׷׵ķ˹
ַ£оΣ
ַһڣû˿Ĳף
оǰδеĺãҲϽʹʰɣܹǿһʵܱҪȫӭӵڶըҪɨڶը˳еʣҪΣյĶࡣ
ףַˡ
˶˵ͷɫΪӡǵȻַ˼ڿַǵսӦÿҪﵽԲˣԲŻôȲҪɨʡ
һܻΣգϾһЩ߻׼ۣҲǲܵ¡
ܶһʵܶһֱϡ
ַΪ˻Ҳʼںʡ
ݼɣֻмս壬Ȼӽһǧȴһ㡣˿ʵİݼɶ˫˫ͻͽսѸͣȻһǧأ
ַע䣬ʹʣҲЧõġ
䱾ܲսǧɺݼҲĶ֡ôǿս壬˿ںʣսҲѸٵ
ǧǧǧ
ݼɵս壬϶ֻҵս壬ͻһǧĴأҲеٮٮˡ
ȻͲԶˣս壬⣬ǧҲģĸϵ⡣
ڣںʺս屩ɣ˲ʹﵽǧս塣Уַ޳Բս⣬ܹԽˡ
ַǿߣҲֻǧսˣǧս壬սַǿˡ
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ַҲΪеˣؼʱ̣ʵԽǿַԼСҲԽ
ⶼַ±סʡ
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ʲôǻǻ
ͰⱲӶܽսǧĳ̶ȡ䡢ԼݼΪʲôðǰը˳еʣ
Ϊǻһ˻ʣ㲻ɱ䣬ʵҲܴȵ
ַλ׼۵Ĵ죬ٻôʵĻ˵䶼ôһ˿ϣɾʹۣ
ۣ⼸һӵĿˣܹΪۣǾѾȴԸĿҲǴۣûлܳΪۡ
ֻըŸָʣôһоͶϣ
ҶѾʵȼƻһ¡
ַĿɵϣò˵ڹ滮ı㷽棬ȷǿģ滮ַҲܷġ
Ҳ΢΢ͷЦ˵ջķᣬҶõ˺ôôҲмƻڴ֮ǰҪѯʴҵĿꡣ
ַ£ĿʲôʣһʣǿЩʵҪɱ䣿
ֱѯַˣ˵Ŀⶼַϡ
ַ֪Ŀ꣬ʵ;Ժļƻ
ַ˿û˿ĳɣᶨ˵ҪŬǿսʵԽǿԽãΪˣðգ
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ַǿս壬Ǿͱʡ֮ǰʣ·ǳϡ٣֣Ҳпַܳ£ҪѯһҪ⣬ϣʵش𡣡
ʰɡ
ַ¿аնԸۣ
ۣ
ַһԴۣҲǶ֣ƽסһʱ䡣
ãǾͺðˡ
Ŀ⾼ж͸¶˷ܣǽļƻܼ򵥣Ǿɨɨֵܷʣ֮£Ƕη壬ܶĻʣַܹɱ䡣
һᵽɨݼ˷ϵı黹Щӡ
ըڼ䣬ɨģǾֻǴۣû뵽ǾȻҲĺʼɨˣ
Ȼɨ϶ַ塣
û⣬ɨʣһŹ
ַҲ¶һ˿âϵ޳ɵԲս壬㸶ٴĴ۶Ը⡣


514 ڶ
䣡
ըڶڿʼˡ嫱֮У·һƬ޴˳ϯǿգһС
һЩոոϵߣĿɿڴſֲըըǳ£ǳֲûۼһ˭ֻըôֲ
ڣ˵ǰըʶըû˻нҵը²Ǻ򣬿۶䡣
ըʵֲ̫ˡ
ըΣգͬʱҲǻ
δը֪᲻д䣿
߸ۣ̾ѾܹǿˣϾһƬϵİ϶¶档
һߣܽӴǿߣǴۣ
ݺǿգǴ䣬еһ׮¡
ŵڶըı߶˭֪ըűըʡ
ߵĻᣡ
һըΧȽСһķΧ֮ڣڶҪöˣķΧ
꣬൱Ӵľˣɼ۵ļҲɱҪ֪۵սɲôҵģһۼǽս֪ٿ
޼ɵĴսϵҪһ
ڵڶըЩƺ޶ԡЩͨдߣѾȴʮֵƽ
ûһ۽뱬ը
ʵԭҲܼ򵥣ۻʡ
ըһһͣըԽͣ緢ʾԽ࣬ҲԽ󡣴ۻڵȴŸҵıը
޶ԣƺϵڶըʣЩͨԼ˵ЩȴӵԵֿջ
ըڶߣڵһעὫøӼҡ
ߡ׼۶һһ֣Щֵ˵Ƭ򣬺ܾܿһƬ޳
Ʋģ޳Ҳ߸Ըա

ǿУܿһˡ
ˣ
Ȼը˳ϯֲĳϫ֮ŰܣһĴ̽šߵսҲΪӴǧ
ǧսߣѾܱ֮Ϊˡλ߽ףһƫƧϵеĴ
Ѿһǧ꣬ԴսﵽǧԺ󣬻ǧʱûκν
̫ˣҲ̫ˣҪ졣
ڣ׵֪ըϢĻ󣬴ΣһΣ֪Ҫˡ
ѾȲһˡ
ǣ¶˾ģҪһΡ澡ͷȻըĵһãûдڶ
ܺƺƵĳϫ籩ǿֵסûѰʵֶΣֻײˡ
ʵϣ󲿷ѰʣײˣҲֻЩ˷ߣܸһЩ쳣ӶѰҵʵ
Ȼײˣ治ո뵽Ĺ򣬾Ѿһϫ˳УԼжڷڡ
ʣ
һϲը˳зڣߣǾһֻˡ
ôãҵˣ
þ޴ԶץȡҵĲһ˷ɢȥ˳һӷˣ·ɽ緢һֲ˷ɢȥ
ǡ
ɫ䣬һǳʣһǷǳ󣬷ôĶ
־ϲòһʣȻϣԽԽáŪôĶǱ߸ˣɾΣˡ
ҹ
̱ȫǧսȫ汬ʱγһֻյĿֲ֣ݺһץ
أ
׷ʺأץУͺɳһ㣬ǳɢһѣһɢǵĹԡ
ܲ
֪һܲȻ֪ʲôãȻʣͼֵǣܹʣѾײˡ
ΪϢʱԶǿѾӴӰ
һʣֻһλߵõʡ
⼸Ӱս嶼ǧϣлһǧսĶߡ
һ֣Ϳһɫ
ߣ
ûκԥ׵һʱʣӴսȥ


515 峡
ӣӲû뵽սը򣬾ջ񣬿ε
λǧսӣ͸һ˿ϲ
ǧսȫֲѹ˷ס˻ףϢסˡ
Ӳ
׵ɫѿò¶ģըû뵽ȻΣա
еκһ˶߶ܡ
ʣǣ
һҧٲᣬ֪Ǽֲ䲻ԶˡҪֻлŲϣ
һʱ䣬Щˡ
˿̣ûѡֻӳʡ
ʶ࣡
ʱˣȴȻһֻ֣һץסʡ˱һĿһӱɭ
˭˭ҽغ
˼ֱŭɶǽغֱǴǵʡǿкйˣû
ֵֻˣȻһŮӣֻս壬ȴӵӴ󣬽ǧ
ǧս壬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ڶ࣬Ҳûв̫Զ
ǣ̽ŮӰΧ

ŮĮһ˲䣬Ӵս壬ͷ·һӻΪһž޴ʯ£ѹһС
ǹɿµֱľս

ߣǧս壬ȻһɲǼ䣬ͱֱˡ
Դ
ʣµ˾ŭޱȣԴȻǱԴŮӲǧս壬һǿıԴ
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ӣϽӣ
˸Ͻߣﻹʣ
ĶӣѾעߣһĬˡȵõʵĻףǾ㣬Ѿ֪˶Զ
λ߰һǧսϵĶߣôױѹ˳Ϊǿյһ֡
ƽʱĸϵһ䣬ǿ϶Ǵ¡ըڼ䣬˵ˣ۶п䡣
ڵһըʱܻûôġѪȡڣŴ߽ըԽԽʳ֣ᡢɱ㲻ɱ⡣
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ԣᣬ۵İʮһλ֮һǺϲĵӡھѾǧս壬пܳΪۣ
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ԽԽ࣬ϵ߶С
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ո׼뿪ĵӰͻȻ֡
峡ʣԲ
һͻأĳ֣ղܴȴɴΧߵĶС
߶΢΢һ㶣Ǻֲʵĸоʲô˸ţǴۣҲŰɡ
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û˵жǿ
Ǳϵİһûж߸ǡ
ʲô
ѾˣըɢԽԽ࣬иǿ֡
ȷǿ۶кüôŵôǿӲ̬ѵеĴǿߣ
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Ҳţ۶кü
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ûصĴۣһλҪأʵ̫ˡǴۣҲûصıҪ
֣һһѹǿգ򶼻ܵš
֮ǿѾģһϢ֪ǲǴˡʣֵߣûдۡ
ǴۣȴôĿ
кâһû˵ǧսһӱȫ˲㽫ս幥Χ֮ڡ
䣡
ͻȻһʩչս壬һӾ͵ǧ
ƣ
ʩչսȻ䣬˵峡ˣҲַֻˡ
̫ãѰôʱ䣬ַķҲûʡڸӦĶ˷֮࣬̾͸˹
ҺãȻʾһҵᣬõʵ߻û뿪ǣַ˽סˡ
ʩչǧս壬ҲݺݵġһΧߣᣬΪ֮ӣϣɾʹۡ
ʱǧս壬ĿҲһ˿âܽսǧߣѾܿɹ
սǧǸϡһϵܵһλǧս߾Ͳˡ
䣬սȻǧǼֱǲеš
ﾪ̾ȴûֵͣĴ㡣սȻҪֶҲͬҪʵɲǵƴս塣
磬ʦ𺮱۴ıԴ


516 ŰԵ
ǡ飿
ţ۳ѾõıԴ˵Ǻ۳ΪǰһֱʹõıԴû뵽ȴᡣ
鶼ᣬŲ٣Ѿᵱ²ˣ뽫ɵڶλۣ
ʩչ˺飬Χ߶һܵΣȴǳش󣬼һλ۵
ȻҲǳֲǻĺսϣܷӳܡ
䣡
Ӵս壬ݺݵĽ棬ƺǿնΪ֮һըĳϫ˳Ҳɱһ˿˿Ѹٵ˷ɢ
꣡
ǧս壬ǿһ֮£ײɣĺҲȷǧŷս壬ȻҲһӱסˡ
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ңɺܹ͸ս壬ƻսϸǧǿս壬ҲһӶá
һĻ˶ܾȣͬʱ־Ȼ
кλ۴ıҲߣ߾޵Сĵӣӵǧս壬ȷܿɹ󣬵Σ
Ǻ۾ȫĵӣֺࣿҲֻһλӰˡ
ٺ٣⵹˼ող˵Ҫ峡ôˣ
峡ӣΪͷɨһУǿЦ
۵ôǵģ
Ƕˣ⼸ӣʵûжǿȴܴ󣬲֪ǻȥ󣬻ûȥӡ
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ڱӣ߿ûôõĹ۸С
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518 
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520 벶
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521 ڰ
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527 㵱Ϊۣ
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ߵߣҲܴﵽ̶ֳȣڹս尡棬˵ڹսˣǳһڹս߿ܶûС
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534 Դ
ҵǿ֣Ҫܳʱָܻۣҿ޷֮ǰסԷˡ
ħЫ۲ַ֪ôӴۣΧɱӴۣǿɲס
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ħЫҲ˵ͷַס˴ۣǽõΡ֣Ѱˡ
λۣʩչսٶȺ죿Ǵۻ˷Ŵս壬ȻȻ򼶷
ǳ򼶷˳УҲ㹻̽ʵĲˣοַ壬˸ߵȷ̽ķΧ㡢ϸ
λ֣֮Ȼûʲô˸赲һЩȷʣҲ޼£ùԹԵ뿪
۾ôԵַ˵ʲô峡ĻַħЫ۵ģתӡ
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ҲƱԴʵԴֻʺԼĲõģһԴܹһ·ߵ۷壡֪ǿıԴСʱıԴһɳġѵûƱԴ
ħЫЩ棬֮ǰַһֱûжñԴΪַıԴڻַ̫岻ԸⱩ¶ơ
ڿַòѹûбԴ


535 ƱԴ
ַЦ˵ʱҲһٶ꣬һĶڷսϣ˼ȥоԴˣûƱԴ
һٶꡭ
ħЫ۳Ĭˣ뿪˵ˣΪ֪οڡѾַˣһٶʱ䣬ͳɾʹսл˭
ħЫۣûбһС𣬳ΪպħЫۡɾͱַ˵ֱֵһᡣ
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ڴ۵־ǳᶨܿͻָ˹ֻɫ仹ЩӡħЫۿЦ˵Ҳǣһٶʱȷܽţս壬ʱ䶼ţοƱԴ
˶٣ħЫۼ˵ʵԴҲûôӣ㻹ӵ˴սƱԴĻͲ֪Ǹ˶١ҵǿ֣ڻźʹõĲϺͨĻǿֵǿһƱԴĻҽҪƾõģЩȣ
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ַ˵ͷħЫ۵뷨Ǻ뷨ıϡȻַѾ˴ۣܻøõĲϣҪƾõġ
ͷҲһҪһáıԴ̫ƣƳҲȻˣٻйһ壬ҺǿıԴ
ҪƵȻҪõģַʵȥռָĲϣҲʱơ
ַԺоڲϵ˸ŸָͷҪ빥һıԴǵһ˼·
ʲôıԴǹһģ
ҪƱԴýƲСַʲôƣԲսָߵȷ
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ַǰһӺڶõУ뵽׹ߣԷٻȻһͷţֲ
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ҪıԴȾ͵㣬ϱ㹻ǿô򣿶ңÿռ㹻󣬲ҪʱܶãƽʱһͨӡȻѹô۶ܲΪѣѵ˭챳ж
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ַ彫ӵһ汬ըռʲϣȫ˳ЩʲϣԶǶǴӻн棬ûЯŻ֮ȴܵ˻֮ڵĲϲ֪Ҫ˶ٱ
ˣַҲֻʲƱԴ
𣡡
ַгһŻ棬ħЫ۵ָ㣬ʼЩڵʣֻʲĲ֡
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ַٴδ߶棬ЩʲϾһѹγһӣӵһıѹֱ
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ַ˿ԴĳѾˣؼģ̿ռơеıԴ벻ɣͿռƵˡ


536 Ա
ʵַԿռƵҲϵĿռƣַҲŲһ롣һѾ൱ˣеıԴ㹻ˡ
ǣַռ䷨򣬰ڿռƵĲ򣬿ʼ̿ռơ
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Ѿѵߡܽռ䷨򵽸ߵȵĶ޼οþͨռƣǾ͸ˡ
ַûеõ飬ҲܲռƣַԼҲû뵽ռƾȻ֮أֻΪռ䷨򣬻ƱԴ

ŵһռƳ֣޴΢΢һͻָƽַȴĸоڲı仯
ӴĿռ䣡
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ԺַһЩռ䱦װƷʮֵķ㡣ȻҲǿռ䱦ƵĿǱԴװģҪװУӳ
ҪĿռƣһԡ
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ħЫַ֪Ŀռ䷨򵽼ĵزû뵽ַȻƿռ䱾Դ
ַ嵽׻жܣ
һʱ䣬ħЫ۶Щַˡ
ַ岻֪䣬֡𺳡һħЫۣȫĵĹ۲ڵղһԽӽӣûκ⣬ռ仹Ӵ

ǣַŲƸħЫҲæŲƣһѰʣһŲ
ʮšʮšһٿšٿš
ַڣѾŲٿ򣬵ȴûκεı仯ռӴ
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537 
䣡
Ӻݺһңǿž޴ܵ˾һ㣬˲ķѣΪƬ
ַһץץС
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ûмռƣӿǳأϾװ˼ٿͨǣһҲﵽһĳ̶ȡ
ȻٿͨǣȲЩߣĺԶַıԴҲǿԼŲƸ
ֻǼٿͨǣǼٿźأһ֮׼ˡ
ȻҲӳܵ𼸰ٿźǲС
ۣԴûҲǿԳɳԼǿֻҪϵŲƽˡ
ħЫۺεȼʶȻһ۾ͿַƵЩӵص㡣
Ӽ޵Ǳܣܹﵽʲô̶ȣħЫ۶޷󡣵֪Σ
ӵĹؼַַַֻ˵ǳͨؼǲϣóܵסĲϣֻʲϣǴʲϲܳܵס
оǿռƣֻпռԽ࣬ԽǿôڵĿռԽ󣬲ɸӵܳǿ
ȱһɣˣħЫ֪ư취ȻҲûʲôá
ϲˣⱾԴˣʣµľˡ
ħЫַϲַҲǳ⡣Դȷˣһ൱ɹȻв˴ֻۣҪϵŲһ죬ܳɳô۶̾ĵز
ȡʲôأ
ԴѾɣܲû֣һַƵĵһԴ
ħЫЦ˵ۣҿԴĹʽȥɡǴǾ͸ɴ飬Σ
飬顭
ַϸϸƷζţҲͷ
ֺУԺͽˣ
ַãɹ˱Դ顣ңħЫ۲֪ǣɲֻܹܷ
Ҳܼ򵥣ڵĿռӴ󣬶ҳ˴սʽͺܼ򵥣ǶŵҾˣ򵥴ֱȴֱЧ
ǿĵˣַһ㣬ֱӲս鱻ݻǰκΣա
ĿռԽ࣬Խ࣬ôԽԱݻ٣һգɳԴݻٵı
ַĿУһıԴ
Ƴ飬ַ͸ѰˣϾҪɳҪʲԼĿռơ
ռƣַʱҲʮϻʮһҲһռƣַʱûа취
ֻܽȫľռʲˡըʱڣʲϱȱȽǣַҲܹչ֡
ַħЫ֣ɨ汬ը˳ջ˴ʣʲ϶⣬ǿԷսϸġ
̫ܲ࣬Ҳַսǿ࣬ĿǰѾﵽһһʮڹʵǿ
ڵӵٶţȻһʵҲŽӽЩߵһ׼ҲңԶ˵ˡ
ֻϧըڼ䣬кǶݻˣĻŲƸĺǣ׼ˡ
Ͼһĺǣʮϰٿͨǡ
ۣˡĲ汬ըҪ٣ѾɨĲˣ뿪ˡ
ħЫʱ䣬ҲˣһĲըǰǿɾ鷳ˡ
ַܹͨռ䴩ߣħЫۿûһӭĲըĳɡ
ˣħЫһ򶼺ܽ
ˣ뿪ɡ
ַ˵ͷħЫ۵ջ񶼺ܲ˸Եõһջ񣬶⡣
ãǾ뿪ɣ
ħЫۺַҲ׼뿪ˣ׼뿪һɿµĲ㴫˹˵Ķ΢΢һ͡
дս
ûǴսĲȫս򲻿ֳ˴Ĳ
ԣ˴ۣзĲսôз򲨶
ַüͷڤ˼룬Ȼǲ̫ܣϾ÷˱ܣսзĲ
ʲôȥһ֪ˣ
ħЫһλ۲ĪĴսһȫսƴಫǿ϶Ŀġ
˵ʣ
ܹλ۲ϧսʣָǺεȵ
ַҲȻ뵽һ㣬˵ͷãȥ˵ǻлᡣ
ǣַħЫһŲԴͷȥ


538 Ӵ
ǿУѾۼһս嶼꣬ÿһͣƺƵನ˷ɢȥ򶼻Ϊ촷ۡ
λһʣһƬݺеУ·ʲô
⿴ƣ֪һѰʣҲѹ۶ˡ
䣡
λӲƴһǣʤ΢΢һξ롣
Ԩۣ֮սϼ궼δֳܷʤôĶ˴ۣҲæһɣʣ˸һ룬Σ
ɫĿ˸ȻѾٴˣһһ롣ټȥ¾̵ְˡ
ɲְ
Ԩ۳һ˵ɫۣһҲ˭ܣ
Ȼңҷֵġ
ɫ۵ʲá
ٺ٣ɫۣˣ˭Ҫɫ̣ѵںҿұá
㣿ԨۣԨΧλۣ㶼ǽáõʣĻֳһң
ɫ۵ȻԸ⣬ǻ඼Ρ
Ǿ͵ˣ
Ҳãˣ
Ԩɫ۵֣ҪõʱƬϿղ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻһӰ
˼λۣʣҪˣ
ৣ
ʱǵӰһץӴֱȥתۼ˺Զ
ң
Ӵۣʣ
Ԩɫޱȵķŭû뵽ʾȻӴ۸õˣսҲһʱˣʱ䣬һЩԽĴ۸ϵˡ
˶ޱȵķŭôҲû뵽Ӵۻô죬һõʣֻܷں׷ϡ
ֻϧӴ۵ٶȱǿ죬ֻĿӴۺǵľԽԽԶ
ţ
ӴȫߣͻȻ̧ͷǰӰȴȥ
ۡħЫۡ
Ӵɫӣôζۣ
ֻһۣҲˣȴһħЫۡ
Ӵۣʰɡ
ħЫ͵ʩչս壬ݺһץ
أ
Ӵ۵ĻӲƴһǣ˫ȴǸԺ˼ʤԱ߻һۻ񣬻Ӵ֪ʺѱסˡ
ʱԨۺɫ۴ϲҲ˹һʱ䣬۽ӴΧм䡣
ԨۺɫȻҲַħЫۣһȴ̫ȻӴۣһӴһŭ֮½ʸħЫۺأ
Ӵۣɣּˡ
ַЦЦϸͻӴۻǡԵΣҶΪʡ
Ӵܿ˿Ӳˡ˼λڣʮֵѣܵش䡣
ðգ
ˣҸø˭
Ӵ˵һɨ
ɫۺȻڵӴۣʸң֣ͻΧһһ룬Σ
ٺ٣ɫۣⷬ˭ţͻΧѵ˻סǣ
ԨЦһ˵Ӵۣ㻹֪һϢɣվǰˣ˵ɱء
ţΪΣ
ӴĿ⾫âһЩɻ۳ֻΪʣħЫ۸ԩ޳ôɱ
Ӵۣǵȷԩ޳𣬵˴ۿɲһ˴ΪͷȴħЫɱѾǿգȻ֪
˴ˣ
Ӵ۳ĬˣĲ֪֪Ԩ۲ƭοħЫ۵ʵԨ۸ò˵ˡ
ַħЫһۣû뵽Ӵۻ֪¡׼Ӵ۳֪ġ
ӴۣΪ˴۱ĻͶְɣʱ򣡡
ַ䣬ǵˡ
𣿱ΪҪ𣿹ҹϵҲֻǷ֮ˣˣĽȰƢҪô𱬡ɱպҲᱻɱ
Ӵҡҡͷһ˿˵ģûУַܳԾ
㲻뱨𣿡
롣Ϊһȥĺѣ۽𣬲ֵã
ַĶŻӴۣԷɫȴûκα仯·Ȼ
Ǵۣ
ȻַߴħЫ۵ڱϵħЫۼ̫̫ˡ˵ˣߡνĺѣһĲֵ
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ַظ仰ȻЩ˴ˣù˴治ֵ˴۲Ƣ𱩣һʶ˲
ַѾ׼ҪԻӴ۵ĸˡڣӴȴûб˼
Ӵڵַ֪дս󣬵һʱת뿪ͻ䡣Ѿ˵ӴǶôġʵ
ۣԵʻǸɡ
ַ廹ûӦӴ۾ֱӽʶ˹
ৣ
ʵ֣ûκıʡ
Ӵۣôģ͸
һʱ䣬ַԼЩˡ


539 Χ
ַˣħЫۡɫԼԨ۶ˣ˭û뵽ӴۻôϵĽӸַ塣
ʲô̬
㲻ѱҲòűַɣ
ȻҶЩɣַķӦȴܿ죬һʱͽװ֮С
ܹװ룬οһʡ
ռ䱦
գۼͲˣд۶ַһռ䱦Ѿ˿ռ䱦еʣַ³Ǿˡ
ֻɱַ壡ɱһλۣɲô׵ġ
ʱӴоâһ˵ɫۡԨۡħЫۣõʣǾͺһΧֻۣҪɱۣܵõʣʱҲʡ
Ӵ۵Ļ˶Ȼ
ݣݣ
Ӵ˼֮Զ˴۰ǲ˴۱𣬷Ǳɱ۰
ʵնʸԨۻɫۣתӣͻӴһΧɱֻۣ۵õʣЩ۲ŻᾡľһΧۡıݣ
ӣд۶˻Ӵ۵˼ıݲ۲ľֶַȻʡ
ˣעһ춯صĴսӴۻ׼ֻħЫۣ£ħЫۡ
Ϊ棬ʲôܱѣ
Ӵһ˼˼㣬֪ȹ˴ѶԸٱ
ۣ
ۣʣ
ַȴ򶨣ĿĶŻӴۣ¶һ˿Цݣ˵Ӵۣҿˣ˴ĺѣҲΪͷ
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ƾǣסң
ַһһʮڹսǿգʩչǳϫս壬ڷָ棬ϫսǿġ
ս壬вص㡣
ӴۣҲ̫Сˡɱ˴ۣҲһݣ
ħЫҲʩչս壬һս壬ױȣַսվһħЫ۵̬Ҳȷˡ
ʵħЫҲ̾ϢӴ۵ıνɫֻϧӴ۲ַʵ
ַжݿս壬ҿռ䷨򻹵õ˸ߵȣ
˵ǼΧַˣٶһַҲܴݵ뿪ħЫʱˮַ岻ûκӰ죬෴ַ廹ѵֱӴռ뿪ôսˡ
עʤսħЫķˮ
οַܿģջҲܶ࣬ŲΪ翣ܵõʣͺַ巭
ս
ɫ۱ս壬ֱӳַ塣
ħЫַǰ
ԨۺͻӴۣҲ׷ʩչս壬ַ壬λΧַ壬һλסħЫۡ
ħЫȴ˿Ϊַеġ
ħЫۣһߡǶΪеʣȻ㣬뿪ҲֱӴռ뿪
ַħЫ۴
ħЫۼæӦȷڷַĺˣûֱַӴռ뿪ַûдռ뿪ħЫ뿪ҲħЫΪж
٣˵ʱ龭һΣҲһȹ̡
ʱ۲ҪҲա
ħЫ۴ЦһɫӲһǣ˳ֱ뿪ˡ
ɫ۵Ȼ׷ȥΪʣַϣȻħЫƴһȻħЫ뿪ǾõĽ
ǣɫ۷أԨۡӴһΧַ塣
䣡
ַһʼӴۡԨӲƴһǣʩչǳϫս壬óͻָڸߵȷǧ£ҪǿӴۻԨ۵һˡ
ַ֣ȴǶ֣սܵ˾ҵ𵴣һӾһˡ
ɫҲΧ˽ַΧס
ʣ뿪αƴ
ɫۺԨֻΪʣҲĺַಫϾ˭ַ֪ʲôƣ
ÿλ۶ٶһЩƣһʩչƣ˭Ҳܱ֤Ȼ򲻵ѣǶƴ
Ӵȴһһֻɱַ壬Ϊ˴۸ˣû˵ֱӽȫ
ߣӴۣɱң
ַ˿ӴۣӲӲҪǿڻӴۡʣȻûҪȥ
λ۴սַҲ֪ĿǰʵλʵǸۣͨʵ޷һλѹһλַֻۣѹƣɱԷͲܡ
λַۣ֧ŵʱ䲻̫λַۣתӣκԥ
Ҳˣַ忴λ۶ս˲ת˶ݿս塣
Ӵۣһμ棬㻹öٴΧң
ţ
͵̧ͷƺѾʲô
ֻϧַڵĶݿսǿ󣿼һ˲䣬Ѿ˿ռͨռ뿪ˣûӴ۵Ĺ䵽˿մ
ַʧӰ٣λ۶ɫЩѿ
ռ䷨򣡡
Ӵۿһһ䣬ʱ˹ȵס


540 
Ӵ۵ĳ˹ȵףΪûַ壬Ҫǣһλ˿ռ䷨Ĵۡ
ĴۣѲ
Ӵû۵Ŀռ䷨ӦѾﵽ˸ߵȵĵزߵ򼶿ռ䷨򣬱˲֮أٶĴΧûá
ܷռ䣬пֲһ˲ɱ۵ս壬Ļ۾ͼԱɱ
Ĵۣ˭ǣӴƫƫˣһΧַһսַ岻ǡ
ԨۺɫҲɫλһΧۣȻ۸ˣλ޴档
ҪǣԨۺɫȷֵģȴۡ
Ҳӵпռ䷨ĴѲ˵ǣٶһҲûʲôãַ塣
ĿһۻӴۣЩͬӴˣһλ˿ռ䷨ĴۼǺޣǿɲʲôζ
ߣ
λûІ£ֱ뿪ˣϾĲըͿ챬
ӴһǿҲͷҲأѸٵ뿪ˡ

ˣ
ʮ⣬һȦȦĿռ˷ɢȥ
һȻӿռ˳ȻǴλ۵Χߵַ塣
లȫˡ
ַ忴һܣƺڵ汬ը֮⣬ʱǰȫˡ
֮ǰλΧַҲЩơսϣʵˣɫ۶ûֻ֣лӴԨˣַͿסˡ
ÿλ۶С뵽ӴַۣҲɱ⡣Ӵۣ˼ȹ˴ˡ
ˣʵ࣬ҲǳѲ˭Ҳ֪Էʲôıһһ
Ӵ۱ҵʵЩˣԵҶû취ɱӴۡ
ַüͷԭѾӵ˴սѾеĶһˣַȻŵܹɱۡ
Ҫ֪ˣ²֪ʲôɱǹϵģĴۣҲ˵ܹɱκһλۡ
Щս۷Ķۡ
ַж೤ʱ䣿ųɾʹս೤ʱ䣿Ϊۣӵеɱ۵ǸͲܡ
ҵսܸǿ󣬵ҪѹסһλۣսҪȶԷǿһ롣ɱԷսҪǿһ϶ԷһЩֶΣս廹øǿ
ַš
ƺѣսĿǰһһʮڹһﵽʮڹˡ
ǵɶٻ
ܹõͻ䣬ַײˣټþͻʣ̺ĻѶ̫
ε汬ը֪ˣʵַ岢ûлʲô̺ʡ
սǿ⣬ַ廹а취Ǿ顣
ǱޣֻҪܹϵŲƽһգܶԴ۶˺
ʱַϴۣһңʲôƣǰͳͳҸ顣
ﲻкܶ𣿡
ַ̧ͷһѾ뿪˵汬ը򣬿ʮ֮ˣ򡣶Ϊ澡ͷ󲿷ֵŵ
ôʺǿ
ǣַʩչս壬ɨΧͳͳŲƽڡ
ʮšʮšһٿšٿšٿš
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Ȼһǧں嫵иͲʲô׺һڰˡ
ǣ
ַȻǰǿУһž޴ĺǡŲ˳һǧͨ뵽ڣȴûһǺǡ
һźǣ൱ڼʮϰٿͨźǲ̫󣬵Ҳ൱һٿͨȼţͷŴ
Ȼںǵַ˵ͲʲôˣһźǣƽԿĳ촷ۡźȴַפ㲻ǰΪ뽫źŲƵڡ
ֻǲ֪ڣܲܳܺǣϾǺͨͬÿʱÿ̶ȼţͷӴ
ַ廹׼һԡ
գ
ַ˾޴ƣһץͽץϣɢųĺǲ
Ǻֱַźǡ
޴ĺǱսڣ̾ʹƽ⡣
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ڵĿռƺ𵴣𶯣ڶЩȡ
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ŲƸĺˣ
ַ¶һ˿ЦݣͨǺǣ顣ԴҲĲ࣬һԾʽѸٵǿ


541 
һǧǧǧ򡭡
תۼ䣬ַھѾһˣһǧǺǡ̶ֳȣַ巢ǲϳܲסˣ߾ǿռƺҲЩãĿռѾˣܼŲƸ
һһǧźǣһǧźǣ൱ʮڹϵս壬ʣµľǧ򣬲൱һڹս塣
൱ʮһڹϵս壡
ôӴѾȵַ廹δɱʱǿˣ൱ڶ׼۵ˣﵽĵزǲϻǿռƣƺˡ
ռƵǿַ̣ʮռƣϵĿռҲżˡ
Ȼ˵һռĿռ䶼ǹ̶ģ˵ҲпһƣͿܱʮռƶҪǿ
ռƿԼ̣ϵȴЩ鷳ˡ
޷ǧûǿҲԼ֮һַҲԤϡ
ڵ飬ʵѾ㹻ǿˣ൱ʮһڹϵսεȿֲǵ飬ϱ˹׹ԼڰߣĻõ϶ս壿
ֱ飬һһ׼Ǻڰ߿¶סһ
ַĶֶһЩۣЩ۵սɶһϣ൱ھǧڹϡ
൱ʮһڹս壬ֱǴսľţһëڴУָԿ𣬸Ͳʲô
˵ϣֱַӴóոմӼλУӲʡ
ʷǳӴ󣬾ͺһźֱһ㣬ַδӴʡ
ǵľͻ䣬ҲûôӴ
ʿһǵģһɺڶǳӴȴûκϢһ˿˿ķ򣬶ǽԵķ
ַħЫ۸ܵķ򲨶Ӧþʴķ򲨶
һʲϣ
ַʶôʣȻһ۾Ϳ޷սϸȴһʲϡ
һ˿ϢûлȴлϢ˵ڻеʱܳܳˣпܱڻ򲻻ֻϢ
ȴûϢ
ַĿ˸²͸ʵ籾ͺأЩ漶˭ûм硣
еʲôַ岻֪Ҳ֪Ҳ֪
Ȼ֪ʵʲôַ飬׼ȷ˵ǿ飡
ǿԳǿģֻҪϵȵĲϣͿԴԴϵǿĳڣַҪʲϣеľ뵽֮ڡ
𣡡
ֱַû濪ʼʲϡ
ʣҪеľҲѣַ˼ʱ䣬˴Űʾ
൱ӴģַҲֻʲϰˡɣҲֻм
ַͷųϵĿռƣѸٱ󣬱˼͵һ·ʲϵľС鿪ʼںЩʾ
ˣ
鿪ʼͣѸ͵˼ʮȻ͡
ʾһСӰС˼ʮΪںˡ
ʲϵľڣǷǳģַҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬죬ʮ졣
Ĳըûеַ԰ģԷĵںʲϵľ
ʮٹǧ
ַ鲻ϵͣһεʾ𵱳ַʱʾҪ˼
գں˴󲿷ֵʾޱȵӴֱﵽʮ
ַȴڼ飬һ˿˿ʱ˳ϵľĽṹҲԽԽȹ̣޷ʱ˵ͳȹˡ
ʱֱ䵽
飬ֱһž޴ȻԶԶȲϺǣһЩͨҪӴˡ
һͨҲֻһ£ȴЩͨС
СʵӰ첻󣬱ϾﻹԴһս壬
ؼ鱻¾һ飬ں˴ʲϾܳܶٿ
¡¡
ַҪ벶ĺǣܵһɿµ籡
Ĳըˣ


542 
Ĳը
ַɫ͵һ䣬Ȼ֪Ĳը٣ȴΪʱ䡣
Ĳը٣Զ汬ըʮ⣬澡ͷĤӦϰٹˡ
ĲըܾܿͻḲٹꡣ
ˣַ岻ðգлݿս塣
ߡ
ַ飬ϵĿռƣ̻ΪӤȭͷСֱӱַ̽˿Уڱš
ݿսѸٽ뵽ռͨڣֱӴռ뿪

Ĳըˣ
ԶƺƵĿֲˡڻĻǶ߻׼ۡ
֮⣬Щˣ
۵ҪЩߺ׼ۣĲըǴǵսɿµըɡ
ƽ˳У߶Ǿٲά裬ֻдһսж磬ˣĲ汬ըҲΪս
һĿֲۣѾ۾ɢſµϢĶԶ˳ˡ
ţ
ȻħЫۿԶ˻Ӵۡ
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۶Ҳ൱ӡǣ߽شַۣ廻ۣǿƽ


564 ɣ
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Ȼд⣬Ҫȥϵһˣȴûó׼öʯٳһѣܷռռ䷨
Ȼַڿռ䷨Ҫռռ䷨򣬻Щѡٶʱڸ޷
ַһֱǱʱ䣬ȴûκνչⲻַ峹ģҪռȳɾʹ۸ס
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߽ǿգһͷ
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ռһ˿˿ַӿռһԾ
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ر߽ɲҪУһʲôͻ¼ſܵһʱӦԡ
ʵΪλصĴۣҲǴһѹ
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ˣ
Ȼ߽һž޴Уңһ־ڼšϯ߽紦ƺ߽綼С
мޣ
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Ȼ޴צУĮһ̣۵ֻмᶨ;

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䣡
צƺŭһӰȥ۵սҲ˲䱻ûϢһӾһ㣬˲Ϩ
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ַ״Ȼڱ߽һСεʱ䣬ۡԴۣǺַȽϽõĴˡ
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ಣ
ַһʱ˱߽磬ֻǣѾû۵Ӱ
УֻƯŰɢĹâѾһıԴˡ
ۡ
ַƵ޷Ƶӿһ˿ˡ
ôۣôˡֻʣôزƵƺ֤۵Ĵڡ
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565 
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ʵ̫ˣǿһͷ­Ӽϵ˳һͷӴ󵽼ļޡ
ڱ߽紦ʱԴۣûмôӴĹޡ
ս׼ս
ԴһŭҲܷŭǵġ۶ͷ޵һͷжǿٶˡ

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ͷӴĹҲŭһԴսһӲԴ˼ȴɺХų˹
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ԴۿǶۣôᱻһͷ޾͸ˣ
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οзЩبǿеķ󣬻ԴûʲôãЩȴܻʮ
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ҲַֻһһռƣĿռڿϵĴս塣
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Ҫַ֪һ飬˶ʲϣסڿĳ̶ȡ
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ҲһֿǣҪһۺϿǡ
㹻ռҲ㹻һֱǺαȥƸ飿ǸǶѡ
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ַһ뵽˺ܶ࣬ڣȴֻһͷǾɱǰͷޡ
һδε飬һδε˼޵ϣʹ޷ǳķŭҲֻöԷŭˡ
ͨۼޣвϻָοͷԶһۼǿޣĻָӾˡ
ַ塢Դۣϵ˺ٳɶࡣ
ַ廹֮Źκһ޵
ģ޵ӴҲڽļСһɣСɣСɡ
һΧʮʱ䣬޵ƲǱȽء
𡭡
ڣͷˣӱϵ˻˼ϵ
ǿٴλָƽǵĿȴأɫҲЩ˭Ҳ֪ͷʲôʱֻ֡


566 ϵ
ַ£
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պأԴ˵ϵܳ⣬ôǿļޣҴδΪ˱ⲻҪʧд۶Էһ
Ҳûа취İ취һλۣͷٳ֣ǿɾΣˡԴҲеѹ۵ʵвսʤޣοˣ
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ͺһʯͶ뵽˺С
ַûпռ䴩󣬶˳ű߽紦ֱӷ˽
ոշɽ͸оһɿµס
ޣͷ۵ļޣ
ַһô뿴ͷޣبǿ֮У䡢ڰ˻Ϣڹ޺棬Ȼһͷ޶ûС
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޴ĹޣֱӴһţȻΧĿռ䣬Զϡϡ䣬żһЩ޷ֲʱӴܡ
ַһͷЩǱ̽޵ĿУǿɾͲôˡ
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һʱ䣬ַ˿ռ֮У˳ſռͨĿĵĴš֪ڻͷޡˡʱ򡣾ַȫԸϧһдۣҲɱͷޡ
ԾֱӴռ뿪ȱ֤ԼİȫȻַŻᰴռƻ¡
ַļƻҲܼ򵥣ǾѰ񹬣
ֻҪܹҵ񹬣ַðսϵĿ꣬Ѿһ롣


567 
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۵ѹǺܴģͷ޾ۣȶۻҪǿַûܵסͷ޵һ
ĿռЩԾ
ַոմӿռͨڴͲЩԾ
Ŀռ񲢲ƺʱ̶״̬УҲƬ⣬ϵĿռ䣬񶼴״̬
ɾͷǳټˣһֱ״̬Ŀռ䣬ַһΣǾըڼ䣬ըУܵ汬ըĿռһֱ״̬
״̬µĿռ䣬Щ˿ռ䷨˵ܲ򼶷ռ䶼ܵӰ졣
ַȻ˸ߵȿռ䷨򣬵״̬´ռ䣬ΨһܵӰǾ롣
пһԴľ룬ܹ֮һǼһ붼пܡ
ûʲô̫Ӱ졣
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ܿռңЩطռݣͺʲôŤһһով˼սս
ַĿĵķ˺Զľ룬Ѱ򡣵ҵһЩ򣬵涼ûκϢ
飡
ַг飬͸飬ַԼӦԶĳ񹬵
ҾƺңԶ
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һһΣַҲ֪˶Զľ롣
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һַֹʼϵתȦҲַӵ飬һ·ҵ
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ЩһͺС൱ϰٹַУǾʵǲֵһˡ
ȻͺСעǵǺǿʵ̫࣬ƺɱЩҲֻɴֵ
ַ۾΢΢һЩޣĵЩϾסĶһЩʲôˣ
˵ʲôڵֵЩޣ


568 
޲ϵĽЩ򣬵ȴʼչķ
ЩƺҲˣһɿµ˲Ӵڱһҫ۵Ĺâϯ˲㽫С
䣡
ޱâ֣ܵ˳صĴһ޶Ϊ˳һâ˲ﵽ۵ĳ̶ȡ
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׼۶ܴЩ淨󣬸˵ˡϵЩ󣬾ǿҲ޷סۡ
ڣʲô
һ淨󣬾Ȼ˲䱬˴۵Щ޶Ϊ˻ҽ
ʵǲ˼飬ַڷ֪
ңҲַڱϵûпģƺܹϡ
ޱҲĻָƽ󽥽ʧ
淨ַ廹ǱȽ˽ģϾڱϵҲ˰ʱ䡣һ淨Ҫ֣ԶתķҲҪ֡
ûֵķ󣬾ûʲôԵһЩޣˣڻ˹޺󣬷ʧ
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ڣܵϢַ嶼ϲ⡣
ַڵλһƬϿգޱ޼ʶǺ
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ڣַ巢һǵĵ죬Щ춼Ӵ潨߳ǳأŨҵϢ
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޺ƴϲ˴ˣǼæ˵𾴵߷ģ֪һط԰
޺ƴַ߹հ˹գһľԺ䣬濴ǼΪַͨ徫һɨȴж졣
߽ȥһˡ
Сӣ˿
ƺ޺ƺϤ
ٺ٣ϰοǴ𾴵ߴǰ
ߣ
ҲߣʵѾԾǨʵˣٲһ㣬ԾǨ
ƺѾʵˡ
˿ַ󣬾Ȼ޷͸һʱҲ
Ұһ䰲ķ䡣

˿һ޺ƣЩĿ࿴ˣû뵽޺ƻܴôһǰ
ַ屻һķУ·ϣַ徫Ҳڹ۲ԺӡǿϢв٣кܶԾǨϢ
ֻϢƺͨϢЩһǹ졣
ط͸¶Ź죬ַҪϸ˽⡣
֮ǰ˵ǹޣôģ
ֱַ˵޺ʵ


569 
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޺΢΢һ㶣Ц˵ҶߣôܿǲǹޣֻҼһЩޣʹƣ˲Ų²ǹޡ
ַȻ޺ƣСͻ켣ڵײУһ˫۽𾦣ҲͰ˾Ųʮ
Թ˽٣
ַһʵȻ޺Щ棬ַ֪ôѯʹޡȻߴ˵ѯʣ޺Ȼ֪޲ԡ
˿һʲʮ񣬵ֵ޺һµˣˣ֪޲ԡ
ߴˣֻһͨˣҲ־ΪһΰߣֻϧҪųΪߣ۸ʵ̫ˣұûгΪߣҵÿдɵĵӣˣҶߵ˽ɲ١
֪ѭŹϵзרս塣ķԴʵ̫ˣȻ޳ɺʵˣ̫ԴˣǴ󸻴֮ң޷ڹ޴·ϳȥ
Ƿޣܱ޲ս壬ǴС򣬲ҪʲôԴֻ츳ԡ
޺ܿ츳ǳΪ޺֪츳ȴڳΪ֮ǰܲԳãǿǱȽϺˮԵ츳Ըˮַ򡣡
޺ƶߵĺгַҲ΢΢Щȡ
ޣս壬㵹Ǻûʲô𡣵ȴѾûˣǷޡ
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޺ƣ֪뷨еǿߣﵽʲô磿
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570 
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571 
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572 
𺳣ױȵ𺳣
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𾪹ɵĵӣһʱһǾ
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޺Ҳһʱ䣬ʼڵϼЩʲôЦΪɵӣҲҪġ
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ŭĿԲɣޱȵķŭƿŷͼַʩչĳϫ˳ȷҲǿһĹҪ
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573 
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ʱһλ񣬰ڣѾܵľۼС

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574 
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濴ַȻ˻һۣɫ
ʱˡ
ʱܴˣ
ãǾͶ֣
ſһ磬ӿӡ
ӱȻѸٵΪһ塣
飬˱ܣ
λһ𣬷·źƵġӵһתֱӷɵǰһҫڷԲһڹﷶΧ֮ڡ
âַΧ̫㣬ַս廹ս壬ֻסһֵط
ŹâסսַȴоҲ޷÷ˣǳϫֻǿռ䷨򡣶һסƵģô޷ʩչ
ɫٴδ䡣
Ҳڶɫ䡣һΣַ֪жʯɫ䣬ڶξǿĽ顣
֮ǰַʩչ飬һҵƣɫûκα仯ɺ򶨡
ڣɫ䣬ƺܹס÷޷ӳá
ǾȻ˽飿
ķ򱻽ϵϢҲѸٵ˥䡣
ַߣ֣
洫ַ壬ַҲ֪˽Ȼܹס˱ܣռ򣬿ҲӲЧ
Ҳζţû˷ս壬ֻǽӽڹսˡ飬ЩĴۣܲûʲôãԷӵдսߣźܴĿá
ԭɱﵣ
飬ȥ
ַҲܿͷӦ˹ȻҲܵӰ죬սʵɱ
ȫӰ졣
ˣֳַ飬ץסᣬֱȥ
ֲѹסͷ·ҪϢһ㣬ַķӦ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ˴˿ȴ򶨡
վռǿڣռյ㣬һǾϵѾǿԻϵһ籩
һȫû󣬶ռյ㣬Ȼǿȴ޷ȫסռ
ǣӴս壬һգʱѾ˿ռ֮С
䣡
ַϣ棬ûڽռеһս壬ֱҵķ顣
ռ䶼ŷ飬ֻϧӰѾʧˡ


581 չ
ˣ
涼ЩƺûӦ׼ôʱ䣬Ȼˡ
ռ򡭡
ַɫأռǿĽ飬ĸߵȷ򶼱ȫڽǰַֻٰܱʮڹս壬޷÷ս塣
ȴܹ£ռ뵽ռ֮ߡַҵһ£ӦشҲòӡ
Ŀȴַ塣ˣǾ͸öԸַˡ
Ȼǰļƻڣƻøˣǲַ嶯֣Ϊղַƴִ£ôиӰ죿
Ϊַʵ֣ܶȴԲҶַ嶯֣ԭܼ򵥡Ľַܹķַ޷÷
ַ岻÷ս壬Ҳ鰡
ղҲѾˣоľֻһĴ۶סַһңοˣǿ۰ˡ
ಫҲռʲôˡ
ַҲƴƴԷĽȷûоԵİǰַȻ̫ðա
οֻˣûڲõĽ϶ָܻʱһڰеĶۻǶô£
⿿ַԼҲûκΰնԸ˫ʱôںϵС
ַߣȻˣվˣǶСռ鶼޷ȫڣǱú
ջս壬ַʾá
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ַƽʵ
ܼ򵥣һʮһǷֳķݣַ߻öʮΣ
ַ۾Ժͷ۾ֱ˵˵ԣһҪ󡣡
˵
ʮһ淨ҵķ֮һ
淨ַҲǳӡӦƻ淨󣬹ǿ淨ܵס档
ˣ淨ַ㲻УҲԲ淨Ը
λ滥һۣ˵ͷͲµַҪˡ
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ʲϣԼУֻûкʵĻʹðˡҲʲϣ󲿷ֶڣˣһһʲϡ
˵ʮһϵˡ
УЩʲϺҲҪ
λַܾһ
źĻҲ޷֤ΪЩϣһ᲻֡
ַǰƯ飬вֱӵв
һҧֻܳ˵ãǴӦ㣡֣֡
ȻҲˣҺһĵˣ
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣĿĻϴﵽˡ
ǻָԵΧˣǰڣûЩǵڲһˣˣôַ˾ǿĴڣȻȨϷְʮһ
ȷһЩʲϣ󲿷ֶУˡϵ˵Ҳ֣ʱһЩʲϣǷϸʡ
Ҳ֪ǴֵģõʣҲܽսڹĳ̶ȡ
ַƿŶʮֺ֮Э飬ˣϺʲϣ͵ַǰ
ڶѻɽĸʲϣַ嶼𾪡ֲըʱڣôôʲϣ
λıԴܲûʲϣͲƳɹҲ˿µ
ôʲϣҲַԤϣֱ֮ϲ
ЩʲϷסַ塣
Ŀǰܵ˿ռƵԼֻڿ޷ɸˡڶʱڣַ¶ѵõµĿռơ
ôĲϣȫڣҲ޷ʵȫ˷ѡ
ַڼʶ˼ϵ淨֮Ҳ淨ǿ
취Ҳܼ򵥣ȻܵռƵԼ޷ټˣǾЩʲϣƵڶ顣
飬淨ĵӣҲܱ൱ֲ


582 
ַ뵽ʼƵڶ顣
ʵҲһҪʲϣһЩҲ൱ҼϵЩƱԴַҲ൱졣ոַ߳ƼҲࡣ
ַǱ飬ڶܿƳɹˣַ廹һռơ
ǵţΪ˴ĲϣַƵһЩѣϲô죿
ܼ򵥣档
ܲԸ⣬ַһ˵ǣһе㡰ơ˼Ҳֻܽǻϸַ塣
һ۹ַǳɹƳ˵顣
飡
ַĿǰ飬˵һŶ⣬ڶֻǿռӣûһ
ַҲƳˣŲǿҲǳ¡ַѾʮһ򶼺ݺݵġչΡһ飬涼ѹեɾˣƳĿš顣
ˣַ͵ѡһʵķ
飬ֱʮͲ඼൱һЩСͺˣˣҲԽ鵱
ɵ淨ȴ൱٣ҲûУڼϵѾչ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
Ƿ󣡡
ص󣡡
Ԫ󣡡
ַʱҲϸ˽෨󣬲зʺģѡһʵ淨˲ܽӣܸǿ
շ󣡡
գַ淨Уѡһֺܲ۵ķ󣬽շЧҲƽƽ棬ֻֻܵܵӾſ
֮⣬ûʲôصˣһЩǿ淨󣬵շʵûʲôơ
淨ҪôǽԷܷӳٷ֮٣ٷ֮ٵҪôǷͷ󣬼һЩءԻãܵΧڵķ򹥻ȵȡ
֮շֻǺһķ
ַѡֻѡʺķһЩ淨ԻáػߵһЩʲôã
ûκôǵշ󣬾Ǽ򵥵飬ܵӣǶôֲ
ַҪķ󡣶ܹӾſ飬Ҳ൱ˣַѾչôĲϣܹƳ飬жôĲϡ
٣ʲϣ޷ô
ַƳ飬ҪƳſ飬֪úˣˣշȫá
ѡ淨ַǱоշҲܼ򵥣ǶôӵķֻÿһЩ֮ӡ
ƾŷ֮ӡ˲ɵշٶȺܿ죬ͲҪȥá㣬Ϊܹսϵķ󣬵Ϊǿ仯̫٣һֱо
ڵǱַ·˳
ЧΣԹ֪
ַ彫շյĲҲ֮ӡַ뿪򣬳żϵȥ
ҪѰҴԳʵ顣
ȻַҲڰϾڰУж»Σաˣҵǰ漸һ𣬾Բҵ뿪
ַ岻ͬԼռ䷨ӵжսһ㲻Уô߻ûģûн飬ַȻûôη塣
ϵʵ̫ˣַ˵ȴһôǾǴʵ顣
ǣַʩչս壬ڼϵУ˼ɣ޼ɵŲ򣬲ͨǺǣͳͳŲƽڡ
ַȫŲƣ򣬼Ǽϵ򣬵ַ֮Ϊ֮һա
ͺɹһ㣬ǳĿտ
ַջȻҲС
šǧšһڡڡ
˺̵ܶʱ䣬ַͽڶˣڿ򣬺͵һûκ
ַ岢ûͣе飬Ҳ˺ٵʱ䣬ͽҲˡ
һʱ䣬ȫﵽ˼ޣ޷ټŲˡ
ַ¶һ˿Цݣ飬ȫˣҲ޼
Ϳշܷˡ
շ󣡡
ַһ˲ֱַͣȥ
䣡
һ̣·һ㣬ǿնˣ˿µĳ˷ȥ
飬ÿһŶ൱ڶʮڹĴս壬൱һ㡣˿µһҳţֲ
οеշ
һȥ˿ĴսҪǿࡣ
ַԵշ⣬֣㶥ΣַҲһս
ţ
Ȼַ͵̧ͷ
ɣزأɲķ񣡡
ַ۾΢΢һУעǰǿա


583 ս
ˣ
ǿУһӰĳˣȻʮǰߵ
Դߺַ飬Ų飬鶼ѾɣѾȥʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ָˣڿѾȫָƣ۷״̬
ַ壬ʵַԼһҲȡ
ѵҡ䵥ַ壬ȴȥұŵ棿οַǿĶ֣Ҳûн顣
ַߣҪҲôס
һ߸ϵĮģƽȻַղڲ飬ʵЩľ
Ȼ֪Ϊλ뿪
뿪ΪҪ뿪ɣ綼һսܺҲ£һһݴ񣡡
񣿡
ַҡҡͷҪĴǶʯὫʯ
䣡
ʩչս壬ҲûжΪַֻһ飬Ͳο飬һס
ֻս壬Լռ۵սǿ
飬ȥ
ַǰƯ飬дȫʩչ˳ң黹γ˵շ
˲ͣγɵշ򣬱ֱַʱǣ֮ռ䶼׷飬ַ嶼ļµĸо
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ȻݺһңռսȴҲһӱз谭ɸ˺
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ͣ°ɣټսȥҲûκ塣
ȻˣַҲͬĸоǱջ飬ɱž衣˿ĻַŽ£ĻᶼûС
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ĻͲ֡
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з֮ʯɣ
˵
֮ʯҳ֮Ϊʯ
ʲôƺ֮ҶҪԣûҲ޷򵽸ߵȷûҲ޷ռ򡣡
⵹ʵʯҪԣַ廹
ַߣ֮ǰɱ㣬Ȼȥɱ棬ʵѾҹĿ࿴㵥ԵҲ޷㡣
㵹ǳʵ
ַЦһ˿ûҪɱ뷨ַֺγɱ˫жʯ˭õԷĶʯ
ʵȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
Ȼɱ㣬Ҳ˶۵ʵһطǿԺ

ַһ
ǺҶߣΪĲҲˡ֪һطĳλΰڵĶڶУλΰĶ֪ҪʲϣıԴǸһкܶʲϡ

ַ̾뵽񹬣񹬹ȻһЩϵȴɫ˵ĶңΪ㲻ȥʱʵΪĴۣɨҺʲô
ĿַһۣܵȥȻ㡣ܿϧ˺ܶ취ȴ޷붴УҪһ֣һӵжսİ֣ˣҽ붴
Ҳûֱӵԭ


584 
ô˵һЩ˸ߵȷ߶УʵռˣܳΪ򿪶ˣ
ƵĿַһ۵ЩǷޣռҲ޷ҹвռҽ붴֮Сֻϧô꣬Ϥȴû˭ܹռ򡣡
ԵЩźռûôʵ׼ֻǲİˣҽ
Ҳŷ֮ʯ֪˶೤ʱռз֮ʯռôѣ˵ˡ
֪˺ܶ츳ǿķţջȴ޼Щأ
ȻˣûռʱҲȥһ£ڽ붴ʱķɱˡ
ô˵ȥΣյģ
Σա
ַüͷú̧ͷ˵ϢԶԶҪ֪һϸϡҲ
ַ̬Ⱥܼ򵥣ѾһЩ²⣬˽ϸпܱˡ
ˣַ˽Ը
ԥһ£ǾҪҵַսڼϵʵ̫ˣΣܾûһˡ
ˣǡʵ˵Ҳ޷ûңҲҲ͵Ľһλΰڣۡ
Ȼַͷһ𣬹Ȼۣ
ĺϸ񹬣ַۣҪ˽Ķˡ
ⱻ˼ϵŷ֮ʯķΣգƬա
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Ƭ򽥽վȽŸϵУϵյ˾žŰʮһ򣬻ߡ
ֻϧĿûдﵽûܽ񹬡
ʱ䣬ûܽ񹬣ַƷԼ飬ĺķʱǿܽ񹬡
ַѾɳƾеĵزˣҲֻܻһǾǺַһ񹬡
û뷨Ǿ͵ÿַԼжˡ
񹬰
ַҵ񹬵ϵΪҵҵַҲܼȴڳǡ
Ҳûдߴ٣Ǿĵȴš
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ʲô
ң뿪ϵ˵ʵ֪뿪ϵ
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ɲţʱ䣬᲻֪뿪ϵǲ֪뿪ϵôеҪ񹬣޵ˣҲǱڼϵУʲôã
ַЩ⣬һַ壬˵ûʹ⡣棬ǶǴĿ⣬ΪڼϵܳưˣǿЦûңһдۼޣεֵӵеķ̼ܸ𡣡
ܲмزɳ棬ַҲΪȻ
ȷĿ⣬н飬Ǳʵǿһļ޵ֵܵǶۼļأ
ڵķȫ⵹ʵЩ޿ûκãһۼļ޳֣淨޷ֵԼʮһߣͳͳᱻ
˵ɣô뿪ϵ
Ҳ˵Ҫ뿪ϵʵҲܼ򵥣Ǿռռ䷨Ҳ֪㵽ûз֣ϵʵһּȶĿռ״̬֮УĿռ䵽ģҷǳȶ
ҲֲȶĿռ״̬˿ռҡûռռ䷨𣬶ᱻڼϵСһռռ䷨ô뿪ϵ׾ˡз֮ʯռռ䷨򲻹ǳ°ˡ
ܽ񹬣Ϸֱٻص֮УĴۣʲôǶϣɾϵ
ĿȣƺѪڡַȴɺ侲Ļֻһ룬ҲҪʱ־衣
ˣûˣʱԳ
ַҲ뿴񹬵


585 
ַһ·ַ嶼ܽעһЩ淨ĺۼһ淨ַײ̤롣
ַһյĿռ䣬ΧһҲûС
ַߣܷʲô𣿡
Ȼͣʵ
֣
ַϸþ̽飬ÿռ䷨ҲڸӦȴ˿ûиӦʲôһжƽ
ûзʲô
ַҡҡͷĺۼûз֣ʲô
ҲûзʲôҵĿռ䷨ﵽռ󡭡
ᳯһ
ͣ
ռ飬һ߳ǿУͬʱѸٵ󣬻Ϊһ޴ѷ죬ԽԽ
ʱַڵȻҵ
񹬣񹬣
ַһϲֻ񹬳֣Żҵ𶯡ַ֮ԴӦʵҲеġ
Ϊ񹬵Կףַ׵Ľ񹬣Ҵ񹬣û飬ֻ취ǿƻ񹬡
ſռѷԽԽȫռռ䷨֧ţַҲףΪʲôʼûܷˡԭֻռռ䷨򣬲ܹ֡
ռռ䷨򣬽ѷ򿪣һûʣӴһľ޴󹬵ˡ
ڿռ֮ͨУſµĿռȴһֱز֪ʱˣʼ
ǿռ籩Ҳ޷ݻ񹬡
ңַ廹ĸоƺƶ
ǵģƶſռ񹬾ȻƶҲ˵һʼ񹬲ܿңԶ
ǺεȵֶΣʱ䣬񹬾ڿռвϵƮȴһֱ۶ڿռַ嶼޷
ˣ
Ҳ¶һ˿֮̾ɫĵ̾۶Կռ裬ֱ˼顣Ŀǰռռ䷨裬Ҳ޷ڿռ֮ж磬˵֮ˡ
һֱתλãô񹬣
ַЩ棬ǹ̶λãǻһ㣬Լסطһֱƶǿɾ鷳ˡ
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ַ˵ͷѹܹ׾ҵ񹬡
ˣǽȥɡ
һַ壬ȷɽ˿ռ֮ͨС
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Ӱɽ˿ռַͨ岻ǵһνռͨȴǵһڿռͨпôӴĹ
һ˸ŵĹâЩڿռƣ֣ڿռƽأȷ̾Ϊֹ
ֻǣ񹬵Ĵȴţַþ̽ÿռ䷨ȥӦûκô
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ⲻַӽˣǱ¶飬ȴûаĻһַ˿ռͨǵַԼ޷ҵ񹬡
ˣСĽȫİܹ뵽񹬣ȻַŻᶯ֡
ȴڣڵÿʲôֶΡ
ֱǰȵ̤˿ռ֮ϣַҲȥȴܵĿռ䷨ǳң߼ռ䷨裬Ҳ޷ȶסЩҵĿռ䷨
ȴƽһռȻͬһ㡣
ַߣ񹬣Գһ£óֶܷ򿪣
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飬ȥ
ַȻҲֱʩչ飬ݺݵײϡ
䣡
񹬺ݺһ飬ַҲֻʩչһţײɿֲַײʱȻֱײˡ
ͺ񹬲һڿռ֮УգۼѾʧӰˣַҲ޷׽񹬵Ӱ
⡭
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һ򶨣˵񹬿ڿռȥ磬һǿͻռߡÿһʹսǿдʱͻҲΪʲôԭ򡣡
ûϵ˾˰ɣӡǣҵ
ַһҲ޷뿪ϵ
ȻҲ޷뿪ϵһ׷٣߰ɣȥԡ
һѾÿռͨȥˡ
ַһ˿âѲûȫİ֮ǰַ嶼ý
ǣ⣬ַҲռȥ


586 Ϊͣ£
ৣ
ַһӿռдոմַ͸о˲Ծ

䣡
һɿµϢַ岻ԶһͷͷµļޣĶַЩУͷۼޣ
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飡
ַݺԶļ޺ݺһҡ
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䣬꺮һ㡣£ܵĿռ䶼·Уһͷͷļޣ˲ͱиء
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Ƕۣʵ綥ۣԶۣǸһᶼûС
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һΣַ岻⹥ˣ
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Բս壬ǿЩ˾ѵֶΣһ޳Բս壬ǼֱǱޣ


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Դӽ񹬵ңʲϺ󣬾Щϣʼ
СʱƳıԴȻҲǿûдﵽ۵ĲΣвַ顣
ȴԳĳɳٶȱ󣬼ʲϣЩϣҲ޷õֻܹõ
ЩʲϿɶ۵أǳˣ¡һΣȵȻﵽ˿۵ĳ̶ȡ
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ܳ죬һֱûжַϵķ֮ʯģõҲǷ֮ʯ
ֻǣַ֣ҲûκζԸİ취ܶԸ飬Ҳַ嶯֡
ԸԳǿΪרѹıԴһﵽ˶۲ΣǷǳµġ
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ܿ죬ַ巢ǰȻ籩ϯַ㶼û㡣
ַҲǺܵģ籩ѣ㲻ǾͿסˡǣַʩչŰʮڹս壬Ӳ

籩ϯַսȷסϾĿ飬籩̫ǿһӴ籩ȴɫ䡣
ⲻ籩
ַɫ䣬ⲻ籩˵ⲻ籩
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ܿ죬ַ͸һƬǿգ鲻ͣתţͲٷˣ񹬺ܾܿڸĿռ֮С
ǰַӦΪûռռ䷨򡣶ڣַѾռռ䷨ˣռռ䷨̾Ͳĳռ֮е쳣

ַһռռ䷨һռ䣬ĿռͨУǿռһֺ޴ĹƯڿռ֮С
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600 
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602 
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603 
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ֻϧַĪʧˣ˲֪ʲôԭ֮Ҳַַֻ֪֡뵽˼ϵ
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ۡ²ֻǶô򵥡٣Դ¾ûַǿƺ໹ܴ󡣡

ܣεȿֲϢɢЩ޾Ͳҿ
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ͷļޣַ嶼ѹʮļޣַܹһѹɱȴѡ
ǵԵַ˭ǿûǿܹ˲ɱЩްԼ޵ĳ̶ȡ޷˲ɱǣƾǿֲĻַָ彫ɱǡ
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ƺҲַ˿̵ЩϾԴ۴
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ˣͷ޶ѣܶԸ
ַ˿ſ黯Ϊһ⣬ֱӳһͷ޳ȥͬʱַսҲˡ
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һӲӲַɫ΢΢һ䡣Ķݿս̼˿ռ䣬ӿռһͷ˳
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610 ռ
ʣͳͳַ£֪ܷ޳Բս壬ָоԲԶˡ
ôִ١ʣַı⣬Ҳ˲ˡʵ޷ٶҲֻͷޱ־̬ƣ޷ɱͷޣ޷ָϵ
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ַսھҵţսϸʼ˷ѡԽǵַսϸѾԽѡ
ÿһηѣַս嶼ܰٳ߸ͷһ
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ֻһڹͣٶٶȺַȴûżܸоڵܳ棬ܹһֱ͡
ǹԲĸоҲԽԽˡ
⻹ԶԶ
ңͷôַɱ䣿
ͷַķ˹ĴսһҲ岻ֻ֣ԶԶ˿Ҫ뿪ϰٹ֮ŲᱻսನС
顣
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ŰپʮڹŰپʮڹһǧڹ
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սȻͣҲûκεĶַȴеܳ죬˷ܣˣַжûйôĸоˣ
һǧڹս壬ս壬Щ˵Ҫѷɫַ࣬ȴûκβԭܼ򵥣ΪǸߵھϻֻߡ
һǧڹս壬ѾﵽԲ
ߵԲս壬棬ǣ˭ܴﵽߵԲս壿ʷУй޳˸ߵԲս壬ȴѾǸ˵ˡ
ַȴ޳˸ߵԲս壬ԲĸоַѾܹܶˣֻһΣܵΪ̡
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ַû뵽ߵԲս壬Ȼܰ
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һжôȻ
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ַˣﵽԲս壬ǸߵԲս壬Ѿռżʱɱ䡣
ռߣҲǴۣս˱ܣս淨ȻȻ򼶷
սȻȻɱ䣬Ҳַռ
ַл˴ս壬ȻҲٴԭʼ˳µռ
Ӵˣַռ䷨򡢳ϫռ֮󣬽Կȥã
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䣡
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˿̣Ƭǿյķ򶼻ˣߣͳͳѹơսҲڳϫս塢ս塢ռսսвϵлš
һĻ߶Ŵ죬𺳣ַĿⶼޱȵĺȻ
Ϊַɱһ̣Ƕַġܡ
ôܣ򣬶ռ򣡡
˼飬ǲ˼飬ԭַ»ûнۣȴһɱޡһ˴ۣǳΪǿۣ
Ҳַ֪ܲܳΪеǿۣʣַ´˿ɱַĴۣѾ޼ˡ
ԭַ̰
߶Ŀɿڴ֮ǰַ֡¡Ĵ޿⣬ֱĴ۱֡
û˻ỳַûгΪַۣʵôǿ
ڣַǰɱ䡱ٲţҲϣַȷŽֻߣ
ַɱڼΪĴۣʵָʲô̶ȣ


611 ճɴۣ
˶ڴţַɱ䣬ѾĿ
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ռӳƬǿգַսǷͣγһڶһ㣬һС
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ԴԴϵĸַսڣַɾò
䣡
ͷ޽ֱַײɣַƺѡ˹ֻǣڵַ忴ͷȴµĿ
ս壬ȵġ͡Ҫʲôܱȵͷ
ͷޣȫǻƻַռĴս֮
ǣַսڷʱһſ˴죬ݺһ
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ַһ£ʮļʵ̫Ӵˣַ弴ڷͣսҲֻǧڹˣֻһСּ޵
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Ӹߵɱ䵽ռһ㶼ʮ򱶵磬һ׼ۣһڹս塣
һɱΪռҲǴۣĴ۶һϵս壬ɹǿɾǲǧڹս壬ʮ򱶣
ַʮ򱶵ɱ䣬Ǹöôֲ
ûַ֪սܴﵽʲô̶ȣַԼҲֻ֪֪ÿһŶڱǿÿһϸѳʮţҪ
ͻܡƬǿնˡȴҪΪǰͷޣʮӴļޡ
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ַһ˼ޣӴըܼ޵Ļָжôˣֱַ̽ڣǾǿĻָҲûΪҽΪַսһ֣
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ַս֮ͣǰѾӵһٹ֮Щߣ˿̸Ƿĳ룬ַսٶʵ̫죬һҪַսѹ
һӵǧ֮⣬Զʱ˿
Ѿ޷ַսˣֻܸܵһ֡
ױȣ
ַ¸òֱӳΪɣ
ֱӳΪܣûйǿҲֱӳΪսͣҲǰ˴ԾǨҪΪŴԾǨС
ôӴս壬²ֱ׷
ս壬ҲһϵСϵҲɡǵı£սﵽʮϣ
ʵͨУٹͼ궼ûʲô𣬷Ƕңɼ
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˰ٹꡢŰٹꡢһǧ꣡
ڣַս͵һǧ󣬱㽥ַͣɱǰһǧڹս壬պʮ򱶣
ʮ򱶣Ǹߵռ֮ߴԾǨͰ˴ԾǨ֮
£Ǽûʲôɱԣ˵ر𶼲Ϊڵַ壬ɱǰҲر
һǧս壬λ۹ս˿ֲַû˵
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ʮַܷӳһս壬⼸ѾǱʮ֮һˣ
ǴۣԲսĴۣ
һַ̣ãеǿۣ֮


612 һӣ
ۣǴۣ
ַ֣ƺָоƬǿգֶܴ򱬡ټıϵֻҪԸ⣬ϵҲò̫ʱ䡣
۾·Ѿܹ汾ʣӴˡǵսǿһ̶ȣȻȻı仯
棬һķɣϵĽ֯һŴסˡŷܹѸ٣ܹĳַ򣬴Ӷ˶ĳ淨
ռ䷨ַ˶ռ䷨򣬴Ӷܹд
ܰʵֲ˼ͬģͬҲ߸Ƭ档
е飬淨µһС㣬ʵǿߣǾǾްƵĴ㡣
ͬҲ㣬޷淨
ѣǳѣ
ַףΪʲôЩһĶ볬ˡۣУ޾ΪλҪ뾡취ѣ
ʵǲܵסٵĸоԽǿ߸дԽ
ˣֻҪôһϣǿĿĶ롰ѡҲѳƬ
ַȻϤأϤǶϤ֪Ҳѡ
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ȵִַߵԴۡ
˿̵Դۣƺɴ֮ɫֻʵǰҲݲš
Բս壿
ַ˵ͷȻ֪Դʲô˼ԸߵԲսɱɵĶۣݺ棬ûλַᲢۡ
ǿַǧս壬Դ۸еͷƤ飬ޱȵļ¡ҲǶַۣ壬һָͷܻˡ
ǿۣ
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һҲ׷׷˻ַĿЩ棬Щη
ַ˵ͷԴ˵Դ£أ
Ѿ뿪˱ϵȥϵһ޵ˡ½ңտû뵽Ҳһͻٵǲ
Դ۲˱ˣ붼¡Һַˣס˱ǵȵع飬治֪
Դ£ҲⲻĴǻ֪µس̶ȡ
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пܣַ֪һڼϵʵܡ
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ԴȥɨսȻٺַһص˱
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ַĽͣԴ۵ɫҲúء
ǹصȻַ嶼еļ£Ǿ;Բһܣǹ߸ϵΪ涼ѡ
ôļϵ־嵽ϵ
ϢҪ»㱨ֻϧҲ֪ȥһֱûлظ
ԴԵúż
ѵȥ˼ϵ
ַ뵽һֿܣ漴ҡҡͷϵûܳӦòȥðա
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̫ˣ߽紦ַˣ
Դ۴ϲͬʱҲ΢΢˿µľǱ߽紦ӼϵԴԴϵĳļޡ
Щļޣһϵ޷
ַȥ˱߽紦أǾ;ԵİȫˣԴҲŽϵڵļ޳ɨһա
²˳٣̾ȥ߽硣
ȵȣһЩȥЭ㡣
ַҡҡͷᶨ˵ˣر߽磬һӣ
͸¶ַǿţ
˵ֱַ꣬˿ռͨűϵϵı߽紦ȥ


613 
žǿУǿյһƬ
ַڱ߽紦۾·һ㣬ôǿһ
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䣡
ƣ˲գ·Ƭǿաһ£߽紦°м޵ҲԽԽСԽԽԶӦǽԶȥˡ
ַѾڱ߽紦ʱ䣬ڣκμ޶޷ϵȴûκЦݡ
ΪٴθоǹɿµϢԽԽǿˣѾ˴ۣǿۣɸеļ£
Ŀ·ܹƬϵһֱϵڵƣſµַҲ֪ƾãһ꣬ʮ꣬ꡢǧҲһ
Ҳ죬һ̣
ַ岻֪ڵĿֲʲôʱ򱬷ԼϵΧϵ˵һڵĿֲգٵĿ½޿ɵֵĻ
ѭֻгѣ㡭
ַƺʲôֿԴ뿪ĸǣ浱У̫ɱ¾ͻ
ϵҲʲô嫵˵׺һڰˣƲʲôˡ
⣬ը嫵治Ҳܿͻָˣ
ʱҲоͷַ֪Ҳġ˥ϡҲ𣬵ʱûгѵȫһ
볬ѣַ廹ĺԶ˷Ǿ档Ҫ棬ռ䷨ز١
ĿǰַĿռ䷨Ѿռһǧѡ
ңַҲռ֮ϣʲô
ʯ֪
ַƣʯС
ʯǰҪ࣬Ϊַںķ֮ʯЧʣ˱仯
ˣ
ַԻռռ䷨򣬶ʱʯ΢΢𶯣һâַСַͺͻȻڿռ䷨֮һ
ܶ޾Ŀռ䷨ޱȵ貣֯һ
׷Դռ䷨ֻһǽ֯ɴ޾Ŀռ䷨򣬶һִĿռ䷨ϸСĿռ䷨
ַܿʹصĸӦ˹˿еĶʯ֪ԶʯЧȻԻռռ䷨ôʯͻӦֱռһķ
Ǹղʲô˼
ôĿռ䷨飬֯һŴʲô˼
ַüͷ˼⡣ǵһΣڶʯԻķһ֪
ʵѾַ֪ԭʼ򣬻򼶷ֻռʵһЩ伮Уܹҵ
һЩԾǨߣҲ֪ռ֪ۡ
ռ֮ϵʲôȴû֪ˡҲЩ֪ʱ䣬Ȼַ֪أ
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ǿɽۺǿһЩ˽²²⣬ɽ۵ʵϵŽ۵ǰλ
ַüͷһλɽ۾ͿԷħŰ
ɽǲħ
ַҲ˵ħǿֻߣΪһߣƱػܴĹעص
У޳ߵħ٣˵ϵĴˣħÿÿ¶һȻ󲨡
ַɻɱɽۣϾɽâǱɽ۵ĵܵܣһħɽâµļλߣҲħ
һӳôħǳ
żҡҡͷɽǲħҲȴһ֪ɽâħߣɽâŰ裬޼ɵ˱ɽ۵
ɽҲħұس֮
ַ䣬ܱɽжǿԷħַͲβܡвַͲ⡣
ǿĴֻۣҪǴַۣη塣Ϊǿۣдеǿߣû֮һ
ַǰ۾ͺ߲࣬־
ۣʵǿɽ֮ڱϵô꣬ʵ⣬һҪԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿡
űɽǱĵӣǼ٣ȴ޴ӵ֪ɽȴȷÿʮ궼ȥһ˱
ַ۾΢΢һȻǣ˱ɽ۵ĹϵǴ۸ӣС
֪ˡ
ַ΢΢żͷֱת뿪ˣɽâˣɽ۵ǲħַ岻֪ħַ岻ΣȻ֪Ȼ
ڴ֮ǰҪȻصػһˡ

ɽ죬ɽھޡ
Ȼɽ͵۾ǰֳ˵ܱܵɽâӰ
磬ңңڴż졭
ɽâı鼫Ϊϻ¶һ˿־֮ɫ
꣡
ɽâ䣬Ӱ˲ʧ٣ֻµһ澫ѿΪƬɢһء
ӣң
ɽűɽâѳƬľƣĿһ˿ͬغâ


620 ̵ĻӴ
ۣкηԸ
Ӵ̬Ⱥܹ˳ƺ޷ǰӰϵϡ
ɽĿޱ飬Ŀ˻һۣƽ˵ɽâˣͻȥһ˴ż죬ɽâڴż죬ĨȥɣΪɽâᣡ
ǣ۷ּ
ӹ˵Ҫת뿪ɽȴͻȻڵӣҺ㣬£ۻȥ
ӻһѾ̫̫ˡ
лۣ
˵꣬һ˲˱ɽ죬Ŵżȥ
뿪ɽ󣬻΢΢ŵȴ˲ֱͦˣлǵĹâҲһӺҫϸɢİ
˴ۣôۣȴίڱɽǰΪͳ죬֮֮ȥ̣Ϊʲô
ˣİɣˣĴͿ챨ˣ
кƽĿԽƽľԽĳȡһʵ̫ˣΪ˶Ըۣѣ׼ꡣ
ֻϧһ˵ҪԸۣЩѡɫԭӴѾ׼ҪĴۣԸⲼ꣬ٳʱ䶼ܵȣȱıġ
۱̫ˣЩ֪ҪԸ̡ۣνġꡱͲֵһᡣ
ûЩѡȭӴα
ٶȣַ塣츳Ҳַ塣۱ǲַ壬ǧ꣬α
ַ˱ӣ˵豣ıôɱģ
Ӵ۵ЩѡǸףַ岻ǣ¶İӣһܳɹǿɲáˣǸỌ̇̄һա
׻Ӵ˴֮Ĺϵ
Ӵַ֪屳ǿġѡǶԸͷÿԼ
ԣӴԸ̣Ͷ˱ɽۣ۵ͷͶɽ۵ʱӴ۷Ϊ۵ϣľΪɽ¡
ΪĲǵõɽ۵Σ
űɽԽԽλӴۣص¶ɻӴȥġҲ˽⵽ɽ۵ĺĻܡ
Ȼģɽ뱱Ĺϵܲһ㡣
񣬻ӴڵóԸܹñɽ۴ȥһ汱ʹţѾ˱ɽ۵ĸ
ʱϣԳ֡
ηɲη壡
ֻб֣һʧɱۣ˴۱
Ϊһ죬Ӵ۵̫̫ãѾӭˡ
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ܿ죬ż͵ˣӴ䣬£һҪƯ
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ۣʣһλۣ
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Ӵ۵ż죬ڴ۵£żҲֻսսķɵ˻Ӵ۵ǰ
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żòͷȻĲ²ǶԵġɽĳˣһֱɳ˻Ӵۣɽ۶Աɽâӡ
ҵ⣬㶼֪
֪Ҷ֪
żﲻ֪ɽâˣɽ˻Ӵǰ̬ȾѾôż֪ɽ۵Ŀġ
ˣңɽâôģ
Ӵ۱֣ʵ
ż˿Ӵֿۣ˿ż죬һҧӴۣӦ֪żûɱɽâ˵ɱɽâ֮˵ݣܷŹż죿
˵
Ӵ۲Ըѿࡣ
ӦˡҲ˵
ӴҲ˵һץֱץס˴żļ򣬺ݺһ
䣡
˲䱻󱬣ֱ֣֮ӻΪ泾
żɫ԰ף
㻹һλᡣ
ӴĶŴżһߣҲ̸
Ӵ־˼ǣȫǴż񡣴żҲʱеľ˲ˡ
ۣ
ţ˵˭ɱ˱ɽâ
ַ塭
ٴδӴżеõȷϣӴ۷סˡ

ӴͻȻЦЦ죬ЦᶼƺҪˡյᣬ·һӶڻЦС
ӴΪ˶Ըַ壬뾡˰취꣬ڱɽԹһ΢ūͣôۣ
ôʱ䣬Ϊʲôñɽܹȥ󱱺ñԳ֣
أ
ûӴȥ󱱺ˣַɱ˱ɽâ͵˱ɽۡбɽԳ֣±ɽʧˣҲб
ֱǡϵµڱ˻ӴۡⲻûӴޱȵ˷ܣ踺ô꣬Ըɣв֪ж೩죿
ӴۣɱɽâۣҴż޹أӴ̧֡
żŻӴ۸̧֣Ŵżһ
ӴãǼȴ¶һ˿Цݣɽ۷ּĨȥż죡

ż۾͵˻ߣȴûκá
Ӵ۵һץż춼ץУֱһ
䣡
żڣż˲䱻ĨȥΪ泾ǿûһ˿ۼ


621 ʢɱ
ɽ죬Ӵۻع鱱ɽ󣬵һʱȥ˱ɽۡ
ۣżɱɽâ֮ҵˡ
ˣ
ɽû۾ʵ
ַ壡
ţ
ɽȻ۾ĶŻӴۡ
ӣ㵱ңΪʲô
ҸΪ˱𣡡
ӴûκҲ£ɽȻûѯʣ֪ɽۿ϶֪һ
ĳ˭
ַۣ壡
˵㲻֪ɽ۵˼£ɽ֪
һʵ䷴
ַۣҵĳˣҲ˽Ǵż׿˵
ӴҲ׼Ѿ¼˴żӰڱɽ۵ǰ
ɽۿ΢˵ͷȻ㣬ַô֪ըʱڣ֮ն˴ۣӶɾ֮˵Ҳһ߰ˡ
ıЩ鷳ٴҲܲϵϵֻǱµĵ̣
˵ɽһ˿âǱɽۣȴܲѾ㹻˵ܶˡ
ӴЩȴʲôû˵֪ɽȻ
ɽۿһۻӣ˵ҲգַĳˣҲɱ˱ɽâĳ뱱ɽâĳһ㣬ӣȥػ졣
лۣ
Ӵܼбɽλ۳ַ֣ǿΣַսۣվֻ֮ɽڶжٮٮߣϵŽǰ塣
Ķһ֣Ǳضʯ쾪
ַ壬ˡ
Ӵ۵ţ¶һ˿ɱ⡣

ػ죡
ǿУһȦȦĿռϵɢţַӿռֱͨӿԽǰȻػ졣
뿪ǰȣػûٱ仯Աߵ죬Ҳûʲô仯Ҫ˵仯Ǿػøӷˡ
еϢǱַ뿪ǰ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ףػ죿ңƺˡ
ַһӰһֱӿػ졣
ػڣħЫ̸Ц
ۣʢܳɹ𣿡
ˣЩҵĽ̵ټػĸԴҪԺܸߣԾǨɱӦòʲô⡣
ħЫЦ˵ƺʢġ
ǵȻʢСܰݴΪʦĸ
ĽĿҵķʢͼԾǨɱٶȣѾǺܿܿˡ
ַڶԴԭ⣬һҪأΪħЫ۵ĵһʢΪӣЩһֱػϤĽ̵
ܹ׵һλ۽̵߶ûĸ֣˵ʢǡҲĽĽħЫܹħЫػ죬רΪʢΪӣɴסػϸĽ̵ʢ
ԭʲô
»ػַйأ
ֵַۣܵϢ𣿡
ֱֵַƣҲħЫܹƽȶԻԭƺ漰ַ壬ħЫ۵̬ȶܺơ
ħЫҡҡͷȥƺȥĳطڱأһ̽鲻ˣһֱû۵Ϣ
ôʱˣһֱûϢֵַܻ᲻Σˣ
ЩģȻַ֪ǿȴħЫô˽⡣
ħЫ۶ַ˽⣬뵽ַըʱڵı֣ҡҡͷᣬ˭Σգ۲Σգ
ħЫۺţַǱȥִһЩʱ䳤Ҳַʵ嫵Ужַܶ幹в
㲻Ƕַ֣ӣ˭Ҳס
ħЫ۶ַôţŽɡ
ʱʢϢƺһӷ˾ҵı仯
䣡
ƿʢӰһգͬʱʩչս壬ھҵ͡
ԼּҵˣеʢΪַΨһĶӣʵʢСѹͺء
ּҶڴʢΪػ죬ַĵһλڣһƺˡ
ϳˣ
ǰɱɹˣϲСˡ
ħЫ۶ߣһλߣһλǴۣȻú׼ʢѾɱɹΪκˡ
ֵַۣܻʢѾΪ֪ˣⶼǴ۵Ĺͣ
Ƿ۵ģ
ħЫҡҡͷǷַ壬ըУַߣѾˣﻹн죿
ʢԽԽӴϢҲԽԽǿֱӷɵǿСħЫҲɵǿС
ֻǣǷɵǿʱȴⷢһϤӰѾվǿС
ħЫ۶һ˻һۣܿԷеľϲ֮ɫ


622 ַع飡
ֵַܣ
ۣ
ǵӰʵ̫ϤˣħЫһ۾Ϳ˳
ħЫۡ
ַ忴ŷħЫۣ΢΢һЦʵսػʱѾ֪˶ڡ
ʢҪɱˡ
ַʢǲ͵
Ҫɱˡֵַܣ֪ܲʢôɱɶħЫۣЩһֱػ죬ϤĽ̵ʢ
ַĿһħЫۣлħЫۣܶСľĽ̵
ʢʦ𣬽̵ҲӦõġԿǿƺػǵߣԶЩҲӣúպٳΪ⡣
ħЫһ㶼ûпţػ죬ԭֻʢΪӣǡַըڼ䣬һ֮
ħЫ۽֣ػӣкܴĿɱΪɷͬһ㣬ôۣ²֪жߺƺǴײˡ
ʵϣҪ뵮һλǷǳ׵ġǧ򶼲һܹһλħЫµЩߡͳͳǴϵж
ħЫ飬Ҳͽֻһλ
ػǽֻһ򣬾ȻпܵλħЫ۶ܳԾ
ַ˼ػȻأĸǣһһЩأַ嶼ûܷ֡ȻһЩ
ػϵֳܹ츳л½ر֮
ϾʢΪԹ鹦ַѪ˿ûַѪ
ʢڸٵɱ䣬ƺȱһЩս͵ٶе
ֱַӴóһЩ͵ӽʢս֮Сʢսֱɣʱս֮ڣʢսҲѸٵ͡
һһǧǧ
̶̵ʱʢսһ·ͣתۼѾﵽ
ȴǽʢս͵ٶԽԽ졣

գʢսͣ
һΪ𾪵֣ħЫۺ𶼱סˡ
ֵַܣղʢʲô
ħЫֹղŸܵһ˿ϤϢ
һ֮ˡ
ַҡҡͷƽ˵ڣַǰʣµģʵһ֮Ȼַ˵ֻһ㣬ʤޡ
˵Ƕʢһոɱ˵Ǽֱϱ
֮
Ͼֻߣ֪ʲôǻ֮ħЫȴŴ죬ǹŹ֮ɫ
ǿǻ֮ǶΪ֮Ļ֮Ȼַ־͸ʢħЫۿֱǡ
ղһ֮ǸһλۣһϸսҲֹ
ʢ˷ܣս尡ֱԭãܹﵽѾ˲õĳɾˣ˭뵽Ȼﵽ
Ȼ֪֮ıļʵҲ˻֮һоͶһˡ
Ҳַֻô󷽡ӳһ֮ɱ䣬ħЫĽΡ
ףˣ
ʢս壬Ҳֱӷ˹ղҲַ֪塰һ֮ʲôȴ

ַֻǵĵ˵ͷ˻֮Žﵽս壬УҲֻϡƽ
ʢȴЩףս壡ֻǳ򼶣սܴﵽ֪ϵԾǨﵽĶָҿͨս
ħЫۿЦҡҡͷʢҪַ֪Ǹһ֮۶Ϊ֮Ļ֮
ַȴûᵽ֮ƽ˵
ףԾǨ϶Ҳûɣ
ַ忴һʢǼ¶һ˿ЦݣڱԾǨɱȻʱЩˣҼǵúսӦʮ
ʮ
ʢŴ죬ֹһŵģ
ħЫۺһۣȻַʶҲַ֪Ĺȥ
ڣַԾǨʱսѾﵽʮ˵Ŀж¶һ˿֮ɫ
ֱ̬Ǵ̬
ԭһʼַѾ󲿷˦֪Զľˡ


623 ˣ
ˣˣȣҵȶҪɱˡ
ħЫۿЦҡҡͷ;˺ַ˼ǰַֻ֪츳׿֮սۣպɾʹӦ嶤ܳΪۣ
ڿʲôַ廹пܳΪ
ΰڣħЫ۶ֻϵҲֻһˡ
ʢȥ̾ɣһҪľ硣˵֮·ڲŸոտʼ
ʢ˵ͷѾܵ棬ȷҪһʱúõĥ̡
ַħЫۡɻػǣԼּ˿ַҲܸˡ
ַ򵥵˽һػǵҲĵ˵ͷػǵ̲㣬ܷչ׶ΣѾǳˡ
ħЫۡ𣬶Щػչˡ
ַʵħЫ۱ʾŸлħЫۣһλôۣܹʮһգػػϣΪ˽̵һλԾǨĵӣ
˭֪Ϊַ壡
С£۵һǣƼλۣҵⰲȫ뿪Ǿ֮ǲ
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ǺãҲһƺΪֵַˡ
ħЫҲЦ˹ϵһ
ַҲħЫֵýύˣϵĺѣʵ٣ĿǰҲħЫۡ𣬻ԴҲһ
ȼˣܵõַġϡɲһ׵¡
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ӴۣȻǵá
ַûǻӴۣһһֱڰУ˵ʲôʱͻᱬ
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ַ漴صϵʱ˱ɽâ¼һ顣
ܻΪΣҶҪȥұɽһˡħЫۣڱϵô֪꣬ɽĵϸǲħ
ħЫüͷǱɽ۵ĻǾ鷳ˡڱϵô꣬Ȼ֪һЩϢţɽ۵ĵܱܵɽâħ۶ܲмȴû˭֣ǼɵɽۡΪɽʵǿ󣬸Ϊɽۺͱ֮йϵ
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Ӧģ֪ɽ۾Ǳļӣ
ԣַҲĬǣ浽ȷЩ鷳ʵǿĶ֣Ҳֻݱܷâˡ
ȻɱַҲܣռռ䷨򣬶ʵһսǿս߻ǲ⡣
ֻǣ򲻵ѣַ岻սߣػȴ޷ߡ
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ħ˺򣬲֧ħοַ屳ҲûˣǱӣб
ҲԣֵַбǱüɵһ
ħЫЦΪַ嵣ġ
ˣһ¡Щػ죬˽̵ʢ⣬һԭҸоڿ̽ػ졣ҾһߣһǻӴۣ
Ӵۣ
ַ룬пܡӴΪ˸˴۱𣬶踺ͶɽۣԸػʲô
⵹ˣǳлħЫۣ
ַվħЫ۹һ
ãá
ħЫû뵽ַдɴ˿ɼַУػλжˡַǣҲ࣬ػҪģۣ˭ܴ
һֱħЫҲʵҲħЫҪ򣬿ҶȥɽһˡΪɽâ£ΪӴۡ
ַƽ˵Ӵʼնһв
ɽɲôֵַȻսۣɽǶۣʵǷֵַҪȥʹһɡ٣Ըһܰæġ
ħЫ۲ַ֪Ѿɾ˴ۣΪַֻߡַҪȥɽ죬ΪۣħЫȴԸһͬǰȥðգַο
٣ûпˣ
ţ
ַ˵ʲôȻ͵̧ͷǿ֮С
ħЫۣѾȥɽˡ
ȥˣ
ħЫƺûзʲô쳣ˣɻ
ԣȥˡΪѾˡ
ˣ
ʱǿ͵һɾ춯صϢħЫۺɫ䣬˲ַĿǿա
λȥӭͰɣ
ַƽȴ


624 һԣ
ӭͣ
ħЫۻŽɣôۣղǹɿֲϢûзκˡ
ַħЫһɵǿգǿУվӰ
Ӵۣ
ħЫ۾͵һû뵽ǻӴۣߵλ򶨣ϵƺƺƵͬһ㣬ӴվȻҲͺ֮
ɽۣ˱ɽۣûûӴô
ȥסػǰɡ
ħЫɫأ
˵ͷȻ֪ħЫΪˡչˡӰˡʵӽػǡ
лӴ뱱ɽǰ涯ֻ֣һսನҲܲס
ħЫֵַۣܣСģ
ֱӷصػǣȥˡ
ǿУַ嵭ʵӴۣܾˡ
ӴƺڱɽǰǸͨһ㡣УӴ۾Ǳɽ۵һǱɽ۵ūͣǿѨ硣
ַ壬ħЫػ죬λ¾Ϳػˡ
ӴҲûܻƣƽ˵ôЩ̽ػ죬֣ûлᡣ
ħЫۿɲô׶ԸģΪ˲ǲҪ鷳Ӵ۷һֱűɽۡ
ַ۾һУȴǲƵһɱ⡣
ӣƾ仰ĺǣûĲ֮ˣ
ַ壬ػۣǷ֪Ҳҵۣ
ӴǸоޱȣộڱɽǰһһȫô۵ϡ
ĿʲôΪ˽죡
ַûȥӴˣУѾǸˡΣˡ
ַ彫Ŀϵˣӵ̬ȣ֪Էݡ
ɽۣҪΪӳͷ
ַƽʵ
ɽĸߴ󣬿һΪ۵ϡ˵ɽâɱģ

Ǿˣɱ˱ɽâ۾ɱ㣬Ĩȥػ죬ɽâ֮Ҳ㱨ˡ
ţ
ַȻЦˣԴͻȻΪۣû˹Ŀ
ɽۣȥһ˱ɽ죬ħһԷһڣ㲻ħ仰˭ҲȲˡ
ַͬʱϵϢҲɢš
ߡ׼ۡۡ
ַϢԽԽӴѾԽһۣﵽ˶۵ĳ̶ȣɽ۵һ¶һ˿صı顣
ۣΪۣ
ɽ㹻𾪣ַΪ˴ۣʵҲ̫ȡϾַǱţ֮սۡ
ַɱɴۣʵҲǿԤġ
ַΪۣɽҲѹƣۣɽ۸ûַܳΪۡ
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ַϢԽԽǿȱɽиǿħЫһҲޱȵľ̾Ѿַĺǿˣڿͨ˼άƲַ壬
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񹬾Ҳչ۵ıֵַı飬ַһʼСʱƵĿɳɳıԴ
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630 Ҳħ
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631 Ȧ
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632 ħ

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633 
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635 
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ССȴܳϵ©ǣһԩѸٷ룬սҲڲϵС
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սսǿһδεַս壬ַһδεĻָ˹
ϵϢûκα仯
Ĳ֮Ҳ
ַ̧ͷϡܹܵǹɺƴصϢ֪
֮ǰĴʵַ˹˵ַľģе˹
ַ嶴ϤıʣɡÿһǶһ޶ɣÿһԼѡȨ
ԱʱַϧȥػЩͨǣһ̣˴
̶ȻȻ
ǵģ򣬶Ļռԭʼ򼶡ߵ򼶵ֱռ
ǴĹַͣġ
ʱ䡢ռ䣬ַΪءУʱ䷨Ϊأû˭ܹʱ䷨
ξÿһ棬ÿһϵЩޣҲķ롣
Ҳû˵˭ܹ½ֻԭʼҲû˭ܹ
ǿռ䣬ҲҲϡ١
ʱһصɴַҲͼöʯϣܹʱ
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ΣַΪ˶Ը㾡ȫʵ⣬ĿôɣҪħ
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Ȼ˵ˣεȺ嫣Ҫ򣬲֪öĻԵ
ַռȴѾܵ档оƺܹƿƿ
޷ƿصģȴܹƿ
ֻҪ飬ϲʵʧռַ壬Ƶ飬ַҲ׾Ȼ꣬ûʲôѶȡ
Ȼͨվֻͨ飬еĻ鲻ᶨҪʱ䣬־
־Īˣ㻹ҲһƤҰˣû꣬ǾͲˡ
ˣַռ棬ҲšռַԼϣЧͺԡ
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Ĳ
ǱЯ֮һδνַĳѪһδεַϸռڣַͲ׾پ۳
ǲǸΪַûǸۣ
ռֻҪƬ֮УַͿ򣬻ڲ֮أɾĲ֮
ԽȻַ֪壬п˴˵Удûгֹ̫ţʵ̫˼ˡ
ַսСС˿ڣϵʧ㱱ٲţҲòš
ˣܸǿۣһǿۣ


636 
ַĿűռַ壬ܺĿġ㡱ǾǱս壡
ʮս壬̫ǿ̫ǿ
ħǿսһδε޾飬ǿս壬ղ۳ʮս塣
ħܺܿʵҼûƿڶ̶̵ʱھӵǿʵҲΪʲôôѡΪħԭ
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ַֻ壬ռƿܡսǺ޾ͬģҲһͨЩԩꡱ
ǣַռ򣬡šЩԩ꣬Ǵ뿪Ӵ˽ѡ
ԴˣӴսͳױһǧ
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תۼ䣬սϵ˿ڣѾһ귶ΧһڳıұٶҲԽԽ졣
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ʮϰٹս˲ġԩꡱڻȸԾ飬ǧ飬顣
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һٹꡢһǧꡢǧꡢǧꡢǧꡭ
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ַ壬ֹֹħֹҵıϵ𣿹ֹ˵ģû˱ûħɻụɱңࡣ
ַҡҡͷҲΪħɣϵԻָ㣬ԼħͶԶΪʷɡ
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Ǹ߸ϣһСû˵µնɱַд˵ǿۡ
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Щ̫ţַǿ۲٣ǿۣ±סѾܲˡ
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ַУߵȴŸԵĲ𡣱ʢͬ¯ֱκκǶҪǿ󡣶ǽ߲Ტۡ
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ˣûıȫֻʩչɵɵҲͬСɣַǷʮҲֵס
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ǿһƬѪסˡ
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ţѪˣˣǿĻָҲ޷ָһС
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۾ⲻǼ򵥵Ļָ
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ãǳã֮ռû˭ɱˡЩϼһﻹʲôɣȥϵ
ţַ֮ǿ۵ͷ쳹棬ѷɫκ
ռ򣬳ַ壬˭ڲ׾ǸûҪַռ˭ɱ
Ӵˣ۷ǿУҲַǿ۵һϯ֮أ


638 Ϊħ
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һλῪٳԼⱱϵպ¾ַΧˣַĸ
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⿴һǧս壬޳˴˵еԲս塣
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ħȴռǰڳΪħ֮ǰҲ츳ףΪ˾ʵȴ;
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639 ħ
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640 
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ϵ淨ʵֲ̫ˣַڼϵѧ淨ٽַĿռ䷨ַ廨ʱ䣬ڲóһӴ淨
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ַ壬ºͱһЩ࣬ԷҲɱοһЩСսûдﵽʮַ忿飬ʵҲѷɫ
ˣַӵսûκοţַѾʸˡ
һͿƾ֮ѹķȷϵµˡ
֮ͽػɣ
ַѾһЩ룬ҪҲ롰ػϢϢء


641 
ƬΪһƬأûʲô谭ǳ˳ϾƬصڡħЫ졢Լػ죬ػΪҲûʲôۡ
ַնʵѾӹˡ
ַ彨ΡͳΡϵȴǸ⡣
ԱǿƿصĻ»ƻϵĸշıϵ»һȥ
Ҳַϣġ
ǺǰһȻ⣬ʵϰƲϵķƣҲַĿġ
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Щȡ֮ģģе򣬾뻯
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һϵħһħ٣߶ػ㱨ɱħ֪鲻ߣħͬ
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ʵܼ򵥣ۺ˱ͱַ岻ᰵƲҪʵǵػΪʼɱϵڶš
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⵱ȻһḶ́ңػҲҪóԴΪַҪеʽ֮ʵǵʹõİ취
ֻ޷սһΪս壬Ҳȫս壬ԷΪսΪ
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ֻҪȥȴܹػӰǱĬӰűϵȹ˳ǧ꣬ϵѾ׵ĸıˡ
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ʱ䣬ַҲûôæµˣػҲĲ죬ߡ׼ǰͶ
ַҲյȫգڵȷ֮ʣֻܲħЫ۹ɣ
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Ȼǿ۵ĻۣһŴԾǨǾͲôˣпֱӾۣ
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642 Ϊ棿
ڣַ۾
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Ϳռ䣬ȫ
ʱ䡢ռ䣬һԴĻҪء
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ӼһºַҲٵ飬ػڣϢ˿ռֱͨӴռ䣬űȥ

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643 
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644 ߴ
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һΣȴҡҡͷҵҲܵģණ㡣Ǽϵʵ̫ˣдеļۣһЩҲУûгˡģҲ룬Ҳûгˣϵ̫ӣҲ޷㡣
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645 ϵ
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ϴν룬ûгν룬ȴΪ˼ϵֱ仯

ǰһۺϼϵĸִ˵ʵϵкܶ࣬ϵ
ǣûκһλڽϵܳЩߡۣżãܹ뿪ϵ
ַ壬ϴξ뿪˼ϵ
ǿ۵˼ǣϵĳִֶΣͺ淨һﵽһΣͻᴥ淨󣿡
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ʲô淨סַڼϵпǿ淨Ҳûĸ淨ܹסģ˵ˡ
鷳ˡ
ʼУҲʼܷУǿմ򱬣ûκáǲûзɳȥһͷ޶ûٿˡ
ͺһһޱ޼ʡ
棬һ桭
ַţǵĸооһһ棬
ڵƬ棬Ƭ棬Ҳסλ
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ˣȫˡǿǸոսϵʱǿգѾȫˡ
ѵһ棿
˵Ǿšַ񹬣ĿùƬ档
ˣϵһ棬ʲô֣
һʱ䣬ַԺиͷңһ󵨵Ĳ²⽥ĸԺС


647 ÿǿ
ַһֱһʶ棬ԴġΪеӡǡ˵ġ
ַһֱΪ档
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ΪôϵϵҲĺõط
棬۶ڽϵ󣬲ŵõķţ˵ŵõһ˿ƣҲпܡ
˵ͨˣڼϵַ廹д󵨵Ĳ²⣬ϵʵһƵ棬ʧܺġ
񹬣Ų󣬵Ȼ̺棬һƬжӴ󣿱˵ˣʮսҲɡ
һƬ棬ǱУͺһƬһҲ޷
ԭˡ
ַˣһжȻֻܹϵĳϵܻΪһƬƵ棬סЩϵǿߣԶҲ޷뿪
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ƺʱ̶עַ壬ַɫ쳣
ǿۣа취
ϣַˡտʼǻΪĽһС£òַ塣
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԰ɣλҪ׶
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ַܿ͸Ӧ˿ռ䷨򣬲ƬȻǲƵ棬ȻҲпռ䷨򣬵Ŀռ䷨򣬺ʣռ䷨ȣʵ̫ˡ
ַ廹ϸĸӦռ䷨ռռ䷨򣬼Ƭ棬Ҳûа취ȫռ䷨
ڣַӦռ䷨򣬾ռ䡰ɵȻַ֣ȴȫܹӦ񵱳뿪ϵһ
ৣ
ַ۾Ŀһ˿â
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Ϊζ߳Ƭǿա
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648 ˼
λҪˣɱ
ߴʩչս壬ͳͳﵽʮս壬ǵһ𷢶ַ壬о·ҪϢһ㡣
˿ֲ棬һϵ˲䶼Ҫ
ƺܴܴƺ̺ſµ
ˣ
ߴʩչս壬ֱֲӺƺƺԽԽԽԽ١
أ
һ죬ߴѾУʱټƶһ޴Ļڣ¶ڲ
һУ޴Уһֱ쵽δ֪Ҳ֪浽ʲô
ߴȫһʱ飬ж·ϵ
ء
һͳĺ˳쳹ַĶСͬʱһɿµķ֮˲дλɫ΢΢һ䣬ս嶼һӱˡ
ߴһʲôܵס
һ֮У·ֳԽε
Сģ
ͻȻֹͣˣţתĸӿ٣ԼһӰȻн˳
ƣͺƿأޱȵءǿ
Ƿһ
˭
ܽţͻȻһİƺߣܲţղһûʲô
ৣ
Ӱ͵۾һ˫۾
һֻ۾У·һû˿ĸ鲨һֻ۾ɱ¾ޱȵıŰ
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λٹ죬λҲӰ죬ӵľ衣
Ӱ۾ƺЩãȻ
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Ӱüͷ·ϸĻš
ģӰƺʲô΢΢һ̧֣һŵϢХ
ˡ˼𣡡
𣿡
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ಣ
˲䣬ߴַ壬ʧӰǵӰǼ΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ

Ӵս壬ת䣬һӿ
Լַ壬ԳƼӰʧӰܿյģôɣûκεı仯
ͺ֮ǰһǿһôɶɲȥ
һʱ䣬һ
סˣ
ңûַ壬뿪

ȴ侲һֱʲô
ۣôܣ
ĵڶ𺳣ǼۣǾ鷳ˣ˵λλ
ǼۣΪνǷֱס

޸ֱסˣܵǿҲһֱûκζ
ΨһصӰߡ
ţ
ҲߴУʵģսҲǿֻʮꡣ
أ
޴ս͵һץӰ˲顣
ת˲䣬ǵӰٴγ֡
˼϶Ϊһգ
˷·𵽴Ӱ

Ӵս˷ţҲǾѣ־ܣ
Ӱƺüͷİ취ûá
ܿӰѾ¶˾ġ
ˣǾҵֶΡ
Ӱ䣬ǿ˲ͳһСнɢȻ¶һࡣ
ǵģֻһ࣬ϻƣѪһ࣬ȴ޴ϰ¶ֹ
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ܳԾûô¡
޴͵İסôӰֻ¶ʹ֮ɫɰסӴս壬·һŴһ㣬Ӵս彥ɡ
ˣˡ
ǿž޴ƣȻһЩֻһЩӰԵú⡣
һ
Ӱ˲ʧ


649 㲻Ǽۣ
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ַҲڿյĿռ֮У⴦ռ䣬ַʵ̫ϤˡΪѾ˲ֹһΡ
棬ҵĲ²ǶԵģ
ַ뵽ڵĲ棬Ƭƺǿ󡢸Ҳǲ棬ûκġ
ַ廹һ󵨵Ĳ²⣬Ƭ棬Ǽµġ
˵УѾˣڿ¼۲ûгѳɹһпܺһʧܡ
棡
Ƭɣ۵Ĳûбʵпܣ۵ϵΪѰķš
գ۵õ˷ţ˵õһЩУȻԼ˷šֻϧʧˣҲʧˡ
ַƲȷ֮ǰǵӰԳơ𡱣ֵʲô
ۼȻѾˣǾͲٻǸ⡣
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˿̵УԼɼһӴ࣬ʺ滹һĿĵ˺ۣһ˿˿Ѫ
ңЩѪµ˲䣬Ȼһصķʽݱ䡱ţУѪݱ䣬γһͷͷСޡ
ַ΢һӦ漴ɫ䣬ǺȻǼޣ
ЩѪݱ˼ޣ
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޴͵һ𣬽ţϵһ㡣
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ڶӴˣûô泩ˣܽЩȭɣƾ޷ָҲܿסˡ
ӰոѾ˵ڶ
΢ǿôһ㣬ûãɱӰ߶޴ֱ࣬ˡ
ǲƵģ˵ģƻأһλ۵࣬һλʧܺࡣ
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䣡
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˭
״񣬵һʱʧ˿յĿռС

ķǿǿ濴֩Ƶ˺ַۣ弸δ߶飬ȴһζûҳ˿ڡ
ַ岢ûֹͣһһΣ׼һλã¡
ΡʮΡʮΡ
ַʮ֮ڣ޴гһӡ
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ৣ
ڵӰ˲۾Ŀгŭ
㣿
𿴵ַ壬ߴԼһַ塣
ߴ֪ΪʲôַϵϢСڻһü֡ļ¡ĸо
ˣλַ塣
û뵽ھȻַȳˣıˡ
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ַһڶԷ˵һɲǣпΪһֱûжĶʯȻ˶
ࡢʯ
ַĶǿž޴࣬ûӰ
˼ۣҵŭɣ
ʱ޴ͷųֲϢסַ塣
ַ·ŵһʶӰĶӰǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
㲻Ǽۣ
ƽصӰĶУȴ


650 ҽģ
ôܣ˼ۣ
ӰĴͬʱǿž޴Ҳʼÿһǿһ֡
տʼֻͨϢ಻ϵһԶѹǵصַ塣
ַıȴûκθı䣬ҡҡͷһı飺Լ˭֪ȴͼԳƼۣǼۣαذλֿ
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ңַ廹ָоƺʯŶʯںϣƺҲֻһС֡
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Ψصʱ䷨޷ѵʯԻַ
ַҲȴЩ²⡣Ƕʯģǹжǿ󣬻᲻Իصʱ䷨
ֿԽֻ֮һַ嶼ԸŹٴĴۣðٴգҲһҪõŶʯ
ϾַĿܸߺԶɲŴԾǨɱۣĸĻǳѡ
ͬۡ棬ȴʧܣַ岻Ը棬ѾһЩƲ⡣
ʱռȱһɣ뱸Ҳһʧܶһİա
ôһİգַԸȥðա
οַͳƲðգռ򣬼㱻̡ˣҲûʲôΣա
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ַܼĵزһǧѡܸоǾŴԾǨ˵ѡ
ŶʯҲܰһĴӶлŴԾǨɱۡ
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Ȼַ̧ͷھ޴м䣬ľѪڻ֮һź۵ͨʯͷƯѪҺС


651 ۾Ѫ
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ϤϢ
ַָӦϤϢһԣӴս壬ֻǣսѾǧٿףѾʧȥϢ
ϢȴַϤ

ַϸ䣬սˣȻֻһ֮ԵߴϢַ嶼ǵú
λȻôˣĸˡ֪жˣ
ôȥˣྡʴǿԽս嶼ɡڻ򣬸ʴ֮ڵľѪҵĴ֮
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ĻһЩޣʮսļޣַսûκΰַҪõʯͱҪĺģЩľѪϴ񡱡
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ַҲ⣬սȻǿϫսӵмǿķָֻڴ۶ԣȲϣ˵ྫѪˡ
ַոս룬սͬѩһ㣬˲ڻˣַ巴Ӧʱ䶼ûУûκεֿ֮
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ַռսڻһ̣۳ΣȻֱڻܶʼַҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ÿһαڻóʹࡣ
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࣬Ͼĵġ塱Ҳ൮ʶ۾Կƣ˭Ҳġ
֮ǰĲַ֪Ȼɱ͵͵ôľѪֱڲȻˣͲַڡ
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ʯֱɽַĿУŵĻξѪҲַ̽˿С
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ѾһЩһЩ൱ˣһĴ⣬ַսϣѾһλˣ
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ּüͷһ壬ƺԵΪôۣ⣬˸ߵȳϫ򣬾ͲһռϫϣΪۣһĴۣ
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ַ뿪ˣּɯС㷴Щˣڰ׺ӴûжֵĴ㣬ַԡֳʤǰ׺Ӵ۶ɯСԼּôġ
ʮ̻ᶼ׷׽Ϣܻᣬ̻ᣬҲ϶һʱ佫Ϣ̻ܲᡣ
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686 һ֪
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ÿһõɣĵսȴȻұٶԽԽ졣
һٹꡢһǧꡢһꡢʮꡭ
սٶȣֱľ𣬾ô׾٣սͱˣĲʵŭŴ߶壬Ҳһ
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ַĶģҪĶˣ磬ϵѾĸˣʵϵǵʧܺĲ档
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ǿսϵǿߴսһЩ⣬ַҲ޷֤ʩչսһ˵һЩ
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ҲַռܸӦԶƲ⣬ӦĳλصߡĻַҲ޷
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ַɲҵġҲΪѹģ;ڲܹңݺ޵ˡ
ʼǲĲһ㣬ַڲʲô£һƲ
ǣȫĿַʮնɱѹĵọ̈̄ȴһֱ䲻֣ѰζˣòСġ
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Դ󣬾һֱûȥʵѾ˵һˣԲһЩǵġ
֮ǰ뷨ȴû뷨ΪΣ
ۺα֪ʣ˿ռϫһ𣬵ɱӵĴۣңҲ޷ס۴ռ뿪Ǳʲô뷨
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ۼȻ֪ʯãһʯճΪһʱǶʯļ;Բǡ
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ַɰԭƻ˴ᣬʵĴûие⡣;УʱȴЩִ١
ۣʱ䣬ʵִ̫ˣʱ²̫࣬޼ӳһʱ䡣

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˶֪ŭˣŭ죡
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ɱ¾Ļһ֮ǰѾ֪ܳ˴£䣬˶֪롣
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֪ԲҪȥ飡ţ֮ǰȥһϵĵطмƺ̫볼˴۷ٸʮλͨȥϵһ˵ǲϵйأִ̤ƽϵ
ɱ¾һԣҲ΢΢һ
֪ŭˣɱ졣ɱ¾Ѿܾúܾöûŭˣɱ¾ŭ
ǱĿǣסɱ¾Զǰϵˡ
ּһ̤ƽϵ
ʱټʮλһʱ䣬ɱڣɱ죬ƺƵĸŰűϵȥ
ǴȥĿֻһ̤ƽϵ


698 ų
ŵƽʣһƬɫɫҲƽ˼ϲ죬ñһɨա
ĵӣæµ²вӣڱӴϲĺĵӶȥӴˡ
ʵ̫ˣԱԼһλǿַ壬룬ȫ롣
κϵκֻҪеԮֻҪеƵμε˴ᡣ
ҲַһţտʼֶλϵˣַˡҪҪȫ洫պܲϵпһЩСҲ롣
ˣǳƤǾͳ㣬ֱӽˣ
ֵȻϵΣֻǿűһ㶣Ǽλټǿۣ͸ٿ˴ˣ˵ȥ¶Щˡ
ַֻ֪Ҫܿɱ¾һأǾͲǶˣʵʱʱ
ûַǴεΣΣΪתɱ¾׽˴档
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ǻе˵Ԯ֣ﻹлеﻹлеϵ۳ˣǻеϵȻ岻ݴǣ
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ȻеϵսûУ΢ȴûκԥΪַǣרŸַ塰ų桱
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վ֮۷ɱ¾µɱ¾ǿƣʮ۷Ҳʮλ
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Ƣ𱩣ʱҲڰͲסˡ
֮ǰ׼ô֣ȫ淢룬λһλǿۣأ˽ٿ˴ʱȻֻлеϵһϵǰ
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699 ޽٣
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ݴȻַ⡣
ٿ˴ᣬַԤϵˣڴ֮ǰ롣
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ַҲûаղ᲻ֻܾһԡ
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Ϣһٻɱ¾𣬵Ǹʱ˲ʱڵˣҪľӰ
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ĴǰҲţæ񡣲Ҳ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
Ĵô벻ȻǰμӣһַӣҲΪַŻǰμ˴ᡣ
Ҳ˵ǻеϵҲãǲҲգַ塰ų桱ġʱĴƺףַѾٽǴˣĳԽͨ

ַָԱλλַġ
ãͲˣ
𵱼һλƺյĴҲ;òôյˣﶼ˵
˲˾;ԲСС֣֣пĳΪһȻ
Ųִ
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ĪϵĪ
ʪϵʪ

һλλĵǴһϵﲻ̾ͱ
ЩϵЩַĴûʲôܹʱǰμˣʣ϶ǲĹ͡
Ϊһλ𣬼㲻ɱ¾ҲһӦǲΪϵ֮һ
ĲҲϵԸŲǰμ˴ᡣ
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ܿ죬ȻЩճλʮλüһãһλ˭Сˡ
λȻѾμˣǴӴ˾һңǸɢҲһЩأҿԶ˽һ
˳ĿֻһǾǱȡůǲǱˣǴҪǣǵеĸϵԣ˵ĺġ
ַ򵥵ĽŹ˵Ĺ¡ĿĵȵϸڡЩǿڲϲż룬ȴַ崫ĹؼȻúúõľӪ
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˵ǰɱ¾µһλ۷ʮλһʮλ
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гɱ⣬ǽɱ¾ŭɱ¾һαشʮλƫƧıϵ
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һѾˣĴԼǿۣɱ˽
Ĵǿۣ
ԣǡȻĺأҴ߶ûʲôҡ
ܺã
ڱٿ˴ᡣ
۾΢΢һУȻ䣬ɱ죬ߵʮλ󺰵̤ƽϵ
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ʱʮλ׷ʩչս壬ǹɿֲĳɱ⣬ǴϵƺϵǿնȾɱ¾硣
԰Ϊףһ̤ĵطضΪµˣҲг޵
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700 ޵
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Ц˵̻Щ󣬾ɱȥǰɡ
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ˣ
ַһӿռ˳һ͸ܵ˿µһɣʮɿµϢ
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ۣϵϢǴ۵Ϣɱ˽дţԴ֮նǿַ壿
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Ȼһǰеʶʲô취նɱ˽նĲ㡣ҪбϵҲҪ̤ƽıϵҲͳͳҪ̤ƽˣҪ
ɱ죬һڣͷ·ԩŰһ㣬˻𣬾ҪܵӰ졣
ַ۾΢΢һУǺǿɱδܹǿҵɱǵħûôǿҵɱ
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һʱ䣬ԩꡢ˻𡢿ߣָһӵϣϵΧַߡַ¿ȥ·һѪϯҪ뵽ããѪС
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·Զһ㣬ƬѪ𣬺ƺƵϵĻصַĶߡ
ַѾȫΪѪɫâѪѾͬһ㣬ַϯ롣
ǰ޵ɱ۵һ챦ѹ۷һ˰޵ǾҪѹ޷


701 а֮
ϫս壡
ѪУͻȻһĮţѪڣһɿµϢսҲѸٵ͡
ַսѸ͵꣬ټϻʮˣ൱ʮս塣
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Ҫַֻ֪۰ˣۣս۷˵ˣû˵
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ַ壬
䣬̺ɱ⡣
䣡
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702 ַսޣ
Ҫݰս壬Ǿֻһ֡
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703 ӣң
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ַҲ˿ʾ㣬ǣңѵĴûôƻĴ˭ҲúУֻĿŻ֮ɢ֮С
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714 ϶۾
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ĴȴԥĶַ塣
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ȻҲĴ𲻻ôˣҪݡܹвַ岻ò
ַȴڣ֮ĴĻԵֺγĻԵһλ֮İ취õ֮Ͳ֪õȶ೤ʱˣҲˡ
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715 
ѷԽԽֱͨĪĻ磬۾ˣַѾµˣ
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ַѾ֪ڵ棬ʵԴ棬Դ֮⣬ǺޱߵĻ磬ڻ֮У޾Դ棬ֻǲ׺һڰˡ
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ǹһԼ䣬ַ·оУڤڤеĳطһɺƴءסַս塣

ַһݣڸղţĸоԴռûио
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716 ֮
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717 ۣ
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718 
žڰǿյУԶҲðյǿðա
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˵Ǹǿλǿֱۣ洫棬ʱǾȥһ˰ɡ
ŮЩУ˿ȵ𣬲ڶ룬λ롣
ȴƫƫһλۣλȴеĴ棬ûκ
˶˺ܺ棬Ȼðգôܲȥȥһ
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ȻŮ۾һǿУƺһʯôبǿ֮С
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꣡
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䣡
ʯ΢һҲ˲ʧǿʯȴѾһӣ۾Ưǿ֮С
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ޱȵľſ־壬ֻǣûκã̶̼߾ûκϢΪ泾
ôһȥˣµӣҲõջļڣϣβҪʧˣֻһ㣬ܳԲ
վӰǿһ磬Ѿ̤˿ռ֮ͨУʧӰ٣ûгֹƵġ
žǿգֻʣһҷɴƯںڰС

ǲ˵㡣
˵ҵУַüͷ
Դ˲Ŀ󣬾ͿʼչأҪץסӦ˿⡣
оѾٽ㣬ץסǷȱʲô
ˣµʱ䣬ַ嶼Уͼץס˿⣬ʱţ˿Ҳʧ
ץס˿⣬ǿɾ͹һˣ֪òܹл
ʱ仹̫ˣٶĦһʱۣ֮Ӧһˣ
ַ̾ţúźͲôһ㣬⳹ţЩ̫ġܹٶӦһ˵ץסǵ⣬Ӷˡ
ڵַ壬Ѿһٽ㣬ȴǴٽ㣬ʼ޷
ǣٴγۣ֮ٴθӦ
ţٴγۣ֮
ȻַǰһԺҲԼһ뷨


719 ֮
ַԺгһ󵨵ͷ֮ٴγ֣Ҳǲܣַһμ֮ʲôʱ
۵Ĳ棡
ַ˼۵Ĳ棬۵Ĳ汩¶֮У˲ųۣ֮٣඼Ƭ
Ȼַ֮۳ֵһΣξͲֵܳڶΣ
ο棬ֲַûУ˼۵Ĳ⣬ַ廹۵Ĳ档
ǰַһֱĲ棬ռռˣַ滹ȱЩʲô
ַѾ϶ŪˣˣַԣѾû̫ãַ嵱Ϊ棬ü۵Ĳ汩¶֮У
ַԺвͷҲУһ۵Ĳ汩¶֮УôƱػ֮ۡ
ַҲйǣȻѾٽ㣬ٽ˭֪ܴܲƣ
ЩѾٽ㣬ȴķʱ䣬ûܴƣҲǲܡң۵Ĳ棬ֻһ˲ܼӵʱ䣬۵Ĳ滹۵Ĳ棬ֶܼã
һʱ̫ݣַ¾ͻṦһ񣬰װ˷۵Ĳ档ң۵Ĳһ壬һ汻٣ôҲᱻ١
񹬿һѵõ챦ƻû˿ֵ
ʱ̡̫
ַҲڶʱǾͲò߽ݾȻʯûа취Իַ֮
Ȿûдؼʱ̫̣ʲôֵܹۣ֮ǣ֮һʱ䣿ַܹиʱȥú
ǣ֮ۡ
֮۵ַǺģ˵ͷצӣֵܹһ۵඼޷ֵ೤ʱ䡣
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ַǰһһػצ
ǣֱӴڣóǽצӡ
צûʲôãΨһþӲǳļӲַȫ޷𻵷ֺ
Ͼ֮۵ĺȴȻôһأ϶ǳӲ֮۶һܹڶʱڻٵ
۵Ĳ棬вǺܴô֮۵Ҳ϶ܴצΪڻܹ֮۳Ƚϳһʱ䡣
ַԽ룬ԽǾúпԡ
ֺúоһ񹬣ַ廹õŵĶͳͳᵽڣֻʣ˿յһ񹬡
Ψһڵĺۼ
ֻһ˿ϣҲҪһԡ
ַջ˾ļƻȫҲܱ֤֮۳֣ܹ
һ˭Ҳұ֤οΪء嫵ĴҪʵ̫̫ѡ
бǻȡǧľţ˭ȫİգֻһ˿˿ϣӦһԡ
οַоӦóɹļʲС޷ɹܹٴθӦҲǺкôġ
뵽ַҲԥᶨ
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ַ˲䴩ռ䣬һյ档
֮һ֣ǿ޲ĹַɲܲΪһƬ棬ˣ⴦յǿա
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ַ˿оЩš
񹬣
ַٳ񹬣񹬻Ǻǰһûκα仯沼Ŀռơ
ַڿռϵ裬ʵѾۡ۲̫ˣЩռƣѾⲢ͸ˡ
ôһ챦֮ʵ̫ϧַҲûа취ȫ۵Ĳ档ˣҲֻܺĽ֮۵Ĺ֮ˡ
漴漴ַó˻Ķצʱ׼
ˣ
ַ忴ʱѾˣֱһ֣񹬴󿪣һץ۵Ĳ潥ıץ˳ȫ¶֮С
ʱǿտʼ𶯣ڻۡ
ַ̧ͷѾһƬǿУĻţγһž޴۾ɢſֲѹ
ۣ֮
ַأ˽˷뼤
ַۣ֮μ֮ˡһ⣬û뵽۵Ĳ棬Ȼ֮ۡڶǻĳ֣֮ٴγ֡
ֻеΣҲһΣַ֮ۡ
֮۵ĳַ֣Ҳڹ۲֮۵ĴСȻ²û̫ĳ롣εۣ֮ϴμ۲ʱֵ֮۲
Ըֵۣ֮һᡣ
ôСۣ֮Ҳַۣ֮ɲκСҿ̫
ȥ
ַ彫Ķצӵ񹬵Ϸγһϣ񹬣֮۳ֵʱһ㡣
Ȼַ˺ܳһξ롣

ַ忪ʼȫĸӦ۵Ĳʱַ岢ûд֮۸Ӧ
ֻоЩģ
ΪַĸӦ򣬻ԶԶûдﵽٽ㡣ǴӻֺǸ޴֮УַĸӦҶͻͽ
ڣַѾﵽٽ㣬ˣС֮УַڲģģĸӦĸӦһ˿Ϣ
ȻĸӦ
ַкϲƺһжԤƻûԤ⡣ܷں̵ܶʱڣ͵ÿַԼˡ
ַ˿ʼȫ
䣡
֮û೤ʱ䣬ֱһǿյĴ֮ݺݵ·񹬺ȥ


720 
֮һּȫ൱ֲַѾʶˣĺԶȴɸо¡
֮۱һɲǣַ·оһݣĸӦԽԽпռϫԼɱ¾
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֪䣬ַѾ׵ĳ֮УȫߵһУǿе֮ۡ
ֻ뿿ԽԽãƺ־ܹ
Ķߣ·Ļַ֪֮սţڸַս壬ʹЩͬѰ
䣡
ַ岢֪֮۵ĵһκµĶצ赲ûκεˡ
֮ûû˿ƣֻĳֹܵת
һûгɹ֮ۿʼͣƺ֮ǰҪ࣬ǣڶκ˲併١
¡
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ǻµĶצһ֮ۺµĶצӲ̶ȣԽһʡ
ǵΡĴΡΡ
񹬿Ȼжצı֮۾ʮҲκβ񹬡
ܿ죬֮ѾʮΡ
ʮκûκε˶צǣ֮ƺҲŭҲûټǲϵ
תۼ䣬֮۾Ѿ˴ۣ֮ȵצӳʱҪӴ󣬹ǿֲѹκľս֮£ʮʵһ붼Ӳ
һΣ֮˺ܳʱ䣬һɫ֮֮¡
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꣡
צѣͬʱɫನһϡʱ񹬻Ϊ촷ۣһ˿Ƭû¡
۵Ĳ棬ȻɢΪ泾ûгֹƵġ
֮ȴûʧƺڡѰҡʲô֮ƺҲûҵֻɢ
»ָƽûˣ۵ĲҲûˣַֻ壬ϥǿ֮У۾·Ѿ׵ĳ֮С
ֻǣַȻŨ֮ѾʧˣҲʧˣʲô
ৣ
Ȼַ۾
һַ̣Ǽ¶һ˿ƽЦݣĿ֮ǰ񹬵ķ漴񹬵ķһݡ
ۣл񹬣лĲ棬ҳɵ
ɵ
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䣡
ַ͵ıһɿµƣ
ǿУֹһںƺںƬǿաһе𺳡
ǿϯ·ûһУݻһУǳϫ
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ľɱ¾ϢսսĿǣɱ¾
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һ̣ǿ𶯣ںȴһȫµĴһبδУδгֹĴȴбزٵĴ
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ӴˣַԴ֮УǾĲۣ֮Ҳɱַ壬ΪַѾʹıʡ
ռ䡢棡
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ŻĶצ֮۳ֵʱȻʱҪôʱַû񹬰װ׵˷ѡ
ץס˻ᣬץסԺеһ˿⣬
ˣŷĵĸмۡȻδı棬ȻѾˣַȴ顣
ַμǣ
һַҲ˼ˣĲ֮ϣԳ࣬ʧܣ˸Ҳɱ
ңռʵûôĲ࣬ศɡʱ䡢ռ䣬ศɡ
ںϣ
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䣡
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һַо֮ǣһָǿУ۳һ۾
ۣ֮Ȼۣ֮
Ȼ̫֮С̫СҲԶԶûôǿ󣬵Ϣȴôƣ΢С͵ۣ֮ȴַȫƿء
ԭ֮ĸ
ַˣĸǴս壬ƺʹûʲôϵش
ַи󵨵Ĳ²⣬ս֮Ӧ֮⣬Ҳ˵ܿԻ磡
ս֮ƺ˭Ҳ֪Ǻ˴µġս֮ȴ棬Ϊ
֮ȷҲǿڻ֮УҲǿַоսʵǸ룬û̫Ĺ
硢Դ桭
ʲôַ岻ۿҲ
гһգַܹ棬׳ѣ磬Ǹʱ򣬻һоˡ


721 ѣʣ
һ
ַ΢֮֮ۡ͡ۿ϶࣬ر𣬵䱾ʣʵࡣ
ۣ֮ǻ棬ǧִΪصʱ̺С
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ֻǿϧ񹬣ûˣ۵ĲҲûˡַҲﾡˡ
ȥ
ֱַӴռ䣬صܲʱ䣬˹⣬ԼʯϵĳһЩ
ˮдȵȣдԶԣǱȽϳҲͬȽ˶ʯַ²ôûʲôġ
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⻹ַ˿ռڴĻһ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
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Ƕôٶȣַ֪һֻҪһ֪꣬𾪳ʲôģ
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ָֻоĴԽ࣬ʵܸǿպʱҲܸаա
䣡
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ղǹ΢𶯣ҲַֻܹܵΪռռ䷨Уǿռ𶯣
΢𶯣ɱ䣬ԾǨɱ
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ˣռϸ΢𶯣ַһʱͲˡ
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ַ˵ͷʵĸҲȽǿˣеԴҲȷпɱ
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յ棬ͷӴľ޾ٶȷ͡
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Ҳǵһɱ䣬ôеգǵһλûдʵɱ¾Σˡ
ҲգǷ˺ʣȻɱ䣬Ǿһ֮
ַһָǿ𶯣ͬʱƾմǿӿǿʮ귶ΧڵֱַӸۡƬ
Ҳ˲øлַ壬һʱɴʼɱ䡣
Ҳеս壬սƺˮԵս壬õ˴󣬷š
һǧǧǧǧһ
ܿ죬ʵսѾ͵һǺʵļˣֻǺͨ
дȴܸһٴζǧ
գɱսһǧ
ַ壬ллһ֮
۾Ŀһʱַϣ֪ղַһ֮εɱܲܳɹ˵
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ַЩ죬ʾȻûиһǹĸǵġ


722 ĸ֮
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һ뺣ʹַ巢֣ڵĺʹѾ͵Ĵһˣı仯Ǻˡ
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⻹ΪԨ̫ʺͨĺĻ᲻֪Ӷ١
ӣԨҲ˼޴ˮ³УǱһ¡
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ҡҡͷ̾һзմλǿ۵ĹⰡĸǣֻһôԴ
ԨĺнգнգĸнյĻԻͣΪǰˣǿַ壡
ַ壬һССһ·߳򣬿棬Խ¼һߵ˽죬棬һССôôԴôô٣
ַЦЦûϼǰÿǷʣô꣬Ҳɱô˵Ҳֲˡ
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ĸһСС˵ͨʵҲͨôޡţĻ֣ѵַͲɣ
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ַոսˮУʱɫһڣܵĻһ䣬ͻȻͺһĿƼС
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ৣ
ַ˳˼ˮĿ˸һ˿֮ɫ


723 ħ
ʣˮݣҲˣ
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ħôĴͲǰħԼһ˿츳ģѾ츳ķ롣
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ܹɱһ𣬱ϾһҲֻһڹս壬ַ΢ۣ֮һɱһڹս塣Ѿǳֲˣζţ΢֮ۼɱһ
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731 ͨ
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ЩϵУἰħֻʱ̫ԶˣԶúܹϣ˲ûʲô֪ħ
ЩУħһ֣ƽ٣ȴԴ޿κΡħһʱ䣬ͻ᳹׳ٹʱ䣬»Ծ
һʱ䣬һΰħԾʱ䣬ȷѾʱˡ
ǣͨܿͷ͵أ֪ˡħ񡱣һʱ䣬涼Ϊһͨ
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733 гѷ
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ңҪ棬ǾҪʵĻÿλַһԲսɱģǲôһ˿ϣѡ

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Ϊ棿ʵƬ棬ʲôؼʱ䡢ռؼȱһɣչһЩĴ˲γһ档
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ȶ𵱼ַ幧һ


741 湫У
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ַҲûԤϵħѾ湫У


742 ħĴ
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743 

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ڰħжǿҲһЩ׼οҲֻǴסħ񣬵ȴǿǰ
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ħЦһѷǵĴӦúúһ룬ַסңֻܷͨƾʲô±
ţ
ٴУȴûκ
Ϊ˳ѷҲƴˣΣգΣţ֧һСʱ仹ûġ
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ֵһᣬȴ˰ħϵһʱ䣬ħɱ졣
ħˣֱһֻ֣ż͵ȥ
Ŵ죬һ̣ов
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۾·š۷϶֧һʱ䣬ڣ԰ħķŭһƣֵס͵ס
䣡
ǿ𶯣һûܵסս˲ͱħľ޴Ƹĳ촷ۡ
һ˲䣡
ߣǴΪ翵ĳѷ͸ðգ
ħһҲûзϣȴܵġͨķԼַ峬ѷġջ󡱡
ħѹҲԽԽˣĶõûб˷ݡ
εѹðħЩðյжĻհħԸǵǧ󣬲Żոӡ
ţ
ڰħԷɣ׼ϵʱȻܵһ޵Ϣ
ַ壿
ħɫ˲䡣


744 Χɱħ
ħּˡ
ַӿռһЦЦĶŰħ
ַ壬ħϵЦݶһӽסˡַ󾢵УһξԱܾ˶ˣ
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˵Ѿˣ
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ħսҲڻţǿԼٴγĺ
һԵַǼȴʼչһ˿΢Ц˿ûֹħ
䣡
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ħɫԽԽַľУ赲γɵֳޣѾ죬ˡ
һǿۣһַ壡ߣĸǣһΣȥĸǣȻܹһӣҲһ㡣
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һӲƴʮλ𣬸ɫ䣬ػһ㡣
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ͳͳҪַ壬Щͼ뱾ħһսǷ
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ħѹǿ۶޲ߣǿ»
ѷôõģħĳ̶ֳϣǿ۶Ҫ¡
ŰħϢʮλ۷һɫܶѿյַ뺯ʱߣ۷Ĵ֮һˡ
ֱȥַ壬ַ廹ڵİħ񣬶ԶԶǵ
ʱǰǾ֮ˡ
𣿰ħҲӵв֮㲻֪ζΰ󡣽գ㿴ΰ֮
ַ徲ǿ֮Уǿе΢΢һ漴쳹Ƭǿա


745 ˿ţ
ǡ
ǿУ˶̧ͷΪء嫵ִ֮һ
Щ۷Ҳǵһο֣·޾İأ̺С
ֻϧûˣ޷ܵĺ嫡
ħԶҲ֪ΰ󣡡
ַԶ飬ͷԻ󣬴֮˲ס˶ʮλ
ŨϢڶʮλɢڶ𶼾ķ֣ǵսȻѸٵĻָңڷ·޾Ļһ㡣
صĲĿսȻۿɼٶѸٵĻָһĻޱȵ𾪣·š
⡭ⲻܣ

棬̫ˣ̫˼ˣҵƾȻָˣ˲ͻָˣôܣ
˵еӵлΪˣ˼顭
𶼷·ţ̫˼ˣǷѾˣأȻ˲ͻָˣζʲô
ζţֻҪ˲䱻նɱôַӳ֣ѣַĵƣ̣
ħҲĿɿڴֻܵ૵ԭİء
ӵ˲֮ǲ֮ʵַѾˣƺûоʲôر֮
Լǲ֮ʲôã
ַ巢֣ԼӳκֻҪļӳ֣ѡ
֮£ַҲټʮλһΧɱħ
֮û͸¶ʮλΪ˿˭ֵڳѷڿʮλ𶼺ܲ٣˳ŵħƴ
ħ񣬱˵㻹ûгΪˣΪΣգۣҲնۣ
ȶҲ緢ӳ֣Ǿͼ൱ӵ˲֮ǻʲôηģ
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ʮλʿǣһϵϢ˼£η壬ȫһ
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ڣĸܵϢ
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ַ忴ŰħΧȦκһλ𶼲ǰħĶ֣ʮλ
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䣡
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ǧڹꡢǧڹꡢǧڹꡢǧڹꡭ
ħֻϧûͻưΧȦսȴѾʧ˴룬Ŀǰͽֻʣһǧڹս塣
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ֻǣԶʮλԼǿַ壬ħ񶼲κϣˡ
ҪˣĿޣΪС
ħ۾ѾͨһƬĶַ塣
ַ壬һðħ񣬾ҪΧɱ

ǿУ·һ΢紵ҵսϣַһ͵̧ͷ
ţ˿ţ
ƺƵſռصǿС


746 ۣۣ
˿ţ
ַһȣ΢֮Ѹٵסĳ򣬲ڿռ֮ͨڣַĿռѹռ䣬ô˴ռͨ
ǿۣԴӱѺ󣬾˵ǿ۵¼ĽһȻ
Զգۼ䣬һӰʹɵսС
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ս嶼ûʩչվȴûκ˸С
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ַȷļУ˽⵽УûߣңҲʮλĴսضһˡ
ôˣѾû֪ô
¶һ˿ЦݣĿȴһ˿Ȼ
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Ȼȶƺ뵽ʲô͵̧ͷһ򶨵Ķȶǿ־֮ɫԭȶҲ־塣
ۣôܣǴѾ𣿡
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ǰͰסˣȻǴ˵еۣ
ۣ
ַ۾΢΢һۣѾ˵̫̫Ĵˣõۡ۵Ĳ档
һλۣǵһΣ
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ڳ˯طܶ𶼼ûмۻΪöûлһЩɣڵ浽ûۣ
۳ˣǰ
˼ǵñۡǶȶɣҲеĹϴˣеϼһǣʣ¶٣
۱𿴿ܺķżȻǡҲʲô֮
ۣ۵ĺħĴڣСģ
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ۣħ뽻ħ񣡡
ѵѹħ㻹ģ
ھ͵ɱ˰ħ񣬷򣬻Ƿ㡣
ַ̬ҲǿӲͻȻսͽħѹˣȴûֱɱַ۴߰ħ
Էַۣ̬ǿӲοħϻжʯַڱصõĶΪ۽ͷ
ϵЦݽҲ̾һûлˣѾˣΪۣ
һûʲôɣҲֻǾŴԾǨٶ𣬶ûκð
ҡҡͷȻһֻ֡
֣
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䣡
΢֮˲£ͬʱʮλҲûκԥҲһ֡
ֲһ޽ӽ۵İħ޷ֵĹȴҡҡͷֻһֻơ
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Ʒ·̩ɽѹһ㣬ʮλĹԼ΢֮۵Ĵֻ֮Ʒ׷׷顣žһգǿе΢ֱۣ֮Ӿͱ󱬡
⡭
ַҲ۾һݣ΢֮۱󱬣ʮλĹȻ޹ľ޴ƺ
Ѿַ۵֪
̫ǿ̫ǿˣ
ۣս͵һ̶ȣʱ䣬е𹥻Ѿûκá
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һ֣ѹŰħ챦ôΪһ⣬ѸٵʧǿգۼʧӰ١
һʱ䣬ַ廹Ƕʮλ𣬶վǿ֮Уþûлع


747 
ۣ۲а
ȶҲ̲ס¶֮ɫʶۣйһ֮Ե֮Ҳû̹
ڣ̹ˣȴܾ
޵Уֱ޵У
Ȼе۷λ𣬶ȶҲ壬۵Ѿ
ڸղţ۵һƣԸ⣬ʮλ𶼽һƺɱҲ޷赲
ԭܼ򵥣һƣѾ㹻ɱκˣֻܰǻָһ˲ͱɱҲû֮
ۣ
ַҲ캣ˣ̫Сˣѹ֣һᵽ۾ͻĪѹ֣ۼ˴˵
Ϊ֮ģѾˣ
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۵УҲ죬
ۣվۣ֮
ۣ۽ħˣô죿
ɫЩȻۣǼƻ֮
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ַҡҡͷЦ˵ħ䵽УǺǣȰħģץħģĸĿģΪѹħ񣡡
ַʵлû˵ۣͶ˰ħǰûҵڰħֱַסˣˣһٳ֣ѹ˰ħ
ַ廹и²⣬ѹħ񣬿ҲΪ˰ħϵܡ
ħʲôܣʣʯ¾ǰħܡ
һʱ䣬ַҲһ˿ȸСۣȻ۶ˣԤУۻ
ٳ֣ɾͲô״ˡ
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ʲô£ܷԸҵȶ߾ȫ
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󾪡

ಣ
ңԶİǿգһŹب֮УһƬš
һֱӽٵС
챦˳ܿ챦ڵİħƺƽ
Ѿָˣ氡۶޲ֻϧȴǲŶ롣
¶һ˿ơЦݣ챦ڵİħУȴħЦݡ
ۣлܾңҪʲô˵ɡ
ħλῴۿɲǵġȡǽѹסˡ챦ҲԹˣӽ۵Ȼ޷ơ
ˣֶΣ챦ô
˿ռ룬ȴûռֻܱѹ챦
ħ֪жãǰ۾Ѿע⵽ˣĴ򣬻ӵֶΣ̾Ϊֹۺܺϵܣֻϧǰ꼻һ֣ܿʧҲ޴ѰҡҺãαҵˣ
۵Ļðħﲻ΢΢һ
ǰע⵽Ϊ¶СĽû뵽Ȼͱһλ۸ˡ
ۣҲżȻ򣬸żȻ
أ
û˵꣬ħоǼ챦ڴ˿ֲսȻһ˲ͱѹΪѪ
ܹѸٻָʹȴܡ
ħ񣬴ѣ츳Цˣһôޣ˵˵ɣϵܡ
ۼȻ˰ħ᲻
ħԼִ۶ôĴοǰħ
ħȴҧֻ֣ۣܿԼʲôݾҴˡ
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΢΢һЦ챦˲û졣
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أ
󣬰ħѡԱһ𡣵Ѹٻָһָֻ֡
һδεգֱ޾ƺκϣͷ
ħܹ޳𣬶ҴӡзţҲ־ᶨ֮ʹ࣬Ҳס
һ졢졢졭
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Űħ񱻷գʹ಻Ϊʱ䳤ΪܵĴͼ෴ʱƣħʱʱ̶̿ʹֱ࣬ʹ꣬κεϣǾ͸˾
ʱ򣬲ƺ׸͸ħôϣû򣬶ôϣڻоôճɻҽ
ֻϧһδζ¡ͬʹĥ
һꡢꡢꡭ
ۺģѾȴô꣬ںʱ䣿
ż۾ûͷ·˯һ㣬ĵȴŰħĿڣûħ᲻ڡ
һסûϵʮҲʲôǳɰǧ꣬Ҳȵ
ʱ䣬˵ûκ塣
ۣ˵˵ҪҶ˵
챦ڣħĴı鶼Ѿ׵ŤЪ˹
Ŷʮʱˡ
۾Ǽɹһ˿Цݡ


748 Ҫɨһе
ʮ꣬ħֻʮʱ䡣
˵ʮʱʲôֻǱ۾۾ʮˣ԰ħ˵ȴҹҹ޷ݵĥ
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֮ʯΪҵõ˴֮ʯԣҲܹô뷨򡣡
ħʮĥ׽־ԭ޵־Ȼֲʮĥ
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ħ֣гһſͨͨʯͷһʯͷʹ챦зɳץС
ȤĶʯͷܱħ֮Ϊ֮ʯģ¾йء
ʹã
֮ʯԻ߼ķ÷֮ס֮ʯɡ
һʱ䣬ҲһЩ򣬵ûм򣬶۶ԣֻдһЩá
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۽淨ڴ֮ʯϣʱԭֻԭʼĻ淢ڴ֮ʯеӳ£򼶷
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ۣ֮ʯ޷Իʱ䡢ռҵҲİ취ġ
Ӱ취ɣȷ棬зҲۡ
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Ķˣ֮ʯΪ˼ƬƬԽ࣬ôЧԽԣԽ
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ǸʱֹܳΪ𣬳ư棬гѵϣ
ȴҡҡͷ۴Ӳûаյ£סַ壬Ҳɱַ壬αȥǣ
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ңԨһߣ˵֣ĻǸ鷳
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ַһ˿âû˵ʲôǴܸоĳƺڻУҲеλǺǿĴڡ
ΰûȥ磬ڻУҲͨǴӻеʵȴһ㣬֪С֪УһЩѪеô֮󣬻ϾͶǰ
Ҿһ壬һУһλûУڻֻһСȺˡԭֵڻдϣһЩԵʵʱתȻ˻ԵԴ档
ûа취Ĥֻʳһǰʳǻޣʵ䲻Ǻǿ츳ʴ֮ǳܹʴĤˣǿŷʳ츳ֶΣĤϸʴһӣȻͽˣ˭֪
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ַ˼ĵ˵ͷô˵ڻдԴ棬ýԴͼԺɨԴڵʲôţǾÿԺɨԴ棬ռ棿

ǴЩΣС˵ǰодţһҵԴͻᷢңǶԴ˽⣬һԴڵȷСһڵԴ棬Щ⡭
ǴҲСڶףôϡͿսԴ棬ͱ˸ֲ޻֮
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ৣ
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ַ岻ƺйأûԴʯκá
ȻʯѾˣַҲֱӷܲ
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ˣˣˣ
Ǵ춼ַܹ磬Դʵ̫ˡֻһˣΪΪɴԴ϶ִ˲ƣַɲô
ˣǴǷǳյġ
ַ嵭ĿһǴûǴĿеġԹƽʵǴ֪Դʯ
Դʯܺͻйأû˵ˣֻڻ˵֮ͨһϢ޷˽⡣ֻΰĻпܽӴϢֻҪ磬֪ʲôѡ
磬д㡣
ַһ֣Ǵ뿪ˡ
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ֻҪκһִ˵ǳǷҲС
ԴˣַҲʮ㡣
ֻϧһꡢꡢꡭ
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡭ
ַ㻨ʮʱ䣬ӡˣʮʱ䡣ҲŮͶʾʮĴ
ֻϧһû򣬵һЩ򣬵ʱ䡢ռȴһͷûС
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ЩˣжʯһҲ޷κһ
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ˣˣʲôʱ磿
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һΣַ峤̾һˣҲȷõ뿪ʱˡ
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ַʮʱ䣬Ѿһжźˣοֻ뿪Զˡüѡ
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뷨ʱȴ⵽˼ǵһ·ԡ
ӣֻԴڣǵļңǵĸʶ˶޷Դ档
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ʱԴ棬ôԴַĸ˻еԴ涼ĸ
Ǵ׼뿪Դ棬ɡ
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Ѿ׵û˺֮ǣڣַֻȥ磬ʶиľʡ
ַ˿Ǵһ澡ͷ
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ˣ
ַո׼Ĥǿȴ֮ۡ
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ַ֪汾Դʵĳ򣬶һʶҲ򵥵Ĺͨ
ȻǹͨҲÿҲַֻĳߣԴ涼κβ˵ģ־ͨ
Ȼַ廰£֮ҲûʧĤȴĳһӣĿ֮Ļ硣
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ಣ
ַ۾ԥ漴һԴ档


780 ɱ䣬
ಣ
ַһȻ뿪Դ棬˻֮Сܵǻ֮һƬڰͿ塣
ͷʱһӴ󵽼Ʋ㣬ĺبڻ֮С
Դ棡
濴Դ棬ޱȵأ̲סһֻ̽ϧԴѾΪַ˴š
Ȼַ峬ߵݣԴ׾٣ҪסַȻѾ뿪Դ棬ȻʱͲٻȥ
ֻص˻硣
ǴԵú⣬֡˻֮оȫԱߵƺҲ綶ڻ֮УĻ
ţ
ַȴüͷԾ̫Ծˡ
Ϊ̤Դ棬뵽һ̣Ȼо˳صѹΧĻֱ֮޿ײ룬ڸʴһ
ս屾ͺǿѾ֮ʴױըˡ
ѹ֣Ǵ˵ǿ߽Լ磬Ҳʲô鶼ܹġ
ս壡
ַҪʩչս壬Ӵսոʩչһ㣬Ȼܵ޾ļѹսԽӴܵļѹԽǿҡ
꣡
ڣսܲסʼˡҪַ֪ڿɲԴ֮ڣûѾǲ֮ˡ
һڻˣˡ
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ַɫһ䣬ոս磬ʲôûΣա
Ǵ󿴵ַ⸱ģæ˵ˣˣҪͼֿ֮Ҫ磬ڻ㣬Ͷñ֮졣ǳߣһ죬ǾĻ

ַһ԰ˣǴ˵һ˻磬ܹΪ
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䣡
ڣڴĻ֮ѹ£ַսˣױˡ
ԭ֪ڹս壬˲䱻Ļ֮ݻ٣Ļ֮뵽ַڣĸ졣
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ַǳߣûԴ棬ļӳ֡
ˣսڳĻ֮סĵʶƾ֮ϵĸ졣
ģַڻ֮ܣļ⡢ÿһϸȫ֮ȡ
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Ҫɱɻ͵óѣܹס֮׵ĸ졣ǴͳܲסˣǴѳΪĻûĻԵǴļˡ
ַϱ죬ģַ˳
ģǰ࣬ƺԵøӿһָ߹ʡ
ǲ֪ڹս壬Ҳױˣڵַ壬;ͺͨһǻĻѪ֮ˣȫ¸ǻ֮
ַȻ
ԭϵѪɱ䵽ȫȫɻ֮ɣһһޱĻһĪܡ
ַʲôǻҲΪʲôôǿ󡣸ԭڻ֮֮ͱһԴҪǿ֪ٱ
һ˿ַ֮սܶ࣬ο֮ڣ֪жٻ֮
ַڸоһһƺΰԴ棬Ҳ״򱬡񣬲Ҳ塣
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ַӿȵĻ֮ǴǺĽġ
һӵĿΪΪһΰĴڣֻϧȥô꣬ڻˡô꣬ҲֻǰΪһ˿ϣûС
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ֻǴԴеԴ߳ȻȻȻܳΪ˵ǲܵġ
Դʱ˽⵽ַһЩ¼Ҳأ֪˶ĥѣԴ𣬳Ϊ
˵ҪһѹأȳΪ򵥶١
ȻǴЩĽȴ˷ܡ
ǳΪһΰĻūͣλݶˮǴߣԺûлԵֻҪַ壬˵ԺǴҲܳΪ
һ̣ǴѾ¶˾ģ˵ʲôҪúõıסַȡǡȡԴеĳߣжޱȵϡ٣պǰ;Բֻͨô򵥡
ַɲ֪Ǵʱ˺ܶͷϤȫµĻ֮ڸղɱʱǿܱ֮סʶ𣬴Ӷ˳ĳΪ˻
ַĸڵ棬ǻ֮
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⡭ô£
ַ忴еһĻʱϾȻ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ


781 ǧħ
ַʶʱȻ֣Ѿ˷츲صı仯ǻһƬ˷ķ籩л֮ϯ档
ǻ֮뵽֮еĺַ嵹㲻̫ȣȵĴ֮
֮ڻ֮Ĵ̼֮£ƺøӵӴˣҾ޴ҶϣɢһɹصϢɢ浱Уƺ涼ڻš
ڻ֮ϣһſӣЩ飬һǧӣ滹̺Ũ
ͺʲôһ
ֱ֮仯ַ岻òעϾڵĻַ֮汾Դ׵ںһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣǳһЩ仯һӰ쵽ַ棬ɲַ岻ġ
֮֮ƺҪĻ֮
ַо֮ϵǧӣƺ̫ŨˣϢ̫ŨЩͨӡ
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ˣ
ַһץ˶γһ籩ŴĻַ֮Ļ֮һһ֮ƻ֮ͬԷˮһ㣬ǻֶΡ
ŴĻ֮ӿ֮ڣʱ֮ҲʼЩ֮ҴתΪӦ˻ڡ
ÿһӶԲԽԽŨ
Ҳ֪˶ãַڴĿУڣӡ͡һ͵ѿ
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Ҫ֪ǲŸոյǻ֮
ŵһѣڶššĿš
ӷ׷ѣһι״ǿһԾַһǧӻΪ
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Щɻ֮ѵ֮˵Ϊַ֮汾Դںϣ˱ʣصķʽǧ
ַ岻ǧɲôģƺ߱ս츳һ־Ϳʼɱ
Уһӳֵ󺺣ʵǿֳһ޸ֱ޵С
˫ϵɱ涼Ū˵ѶΪ
Щĳַ֣巢ڵƺ࣬·ǧԽá

ַףһҪƣôͱز١˵ܹƾմܡ
һԴ棬ȴȻȻ֡
ڣַѾȻԻ֮֡족ķʽչǵˣַŻԲ
ĵַ桰ԶŵٶҲӿࡣȻ棬Ǳ档
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ַţĳһ죬л᲻ֳߣ
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ڵ棬Դ滹кܴ
ЩڲϵɱȻǶǿ󣬺ܶʱɱһӵֳ־޸ȴǳ͡
ַָоһӵܹɱġַɲ浮ĵһɱ
ǣַʶˡ
䣡
رɫ𶯣һɿµѹƬ档
ɱǧͳͳֹͣɱ¶һ˿ɫ
ݼ񣡡
ǧӡַӡǣ˵ַ죬һеףǵĸ
Ȼǧڻɱȴҿ֮ǵĵطĺģǱʶУǾͲҿ
ַ壬ӡһַ֪λ񡱵ĴڣҲκһ˿һͷ
Ƚ֮ӣҪٻɱܴǴԶСеĵһͺսϲɱˣǾͳΪħὫ֣档
ַһŵһħ˵ʵǿ浮ĵһ͡սͳǧħ֣Ϊ̣
л񣡡
ֳ̹־޸˷ܵŭʣµǧħҲһĵ˸߰ͷ­ʾ̵ĳ
Ӵˣ̾ͳǧħ֮ףͳ˧ǧħ
ַ¶һ˿Цݣ˳档
Ȼʱֻǧħ̫̫ˣţպ֮һܹЩħպҲᵮ
Ӵˣַͻ٣ҲţҲ͸ǿγѭ
ַʵڲϵ
ǳߣӵĳߵǿ֮Ǹ֮Դ


782 ͳͳɱ䣡
ַǧħܺ棬ѵǧħ񣬽ֻôһã
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ַѸٽʶ֮Уҵ̡
̡
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ʲôԸ
̣ҪŲƵ磬Ҫе׼ܻΣգԸ⣿
ԸΪЧ
ַ˵ͷЩеħַλ񡱿ǾԵķӡ
ৣ
ַһ֮˲Ų˳
ǣ
̳죬ܶǴĻ֮һ֣Ļ֮ͷӿ̵ڡ
ˣ
̵̱֮ĸˣŭţͼֹЩ֮ƺûκá
ۿ̵ϢٵĻ䣬ַ彫Ųƽڡ
֮Уַָ̻֮
֮ƻʵ̫ˣ̺ôҲǻ֮еĵһλʾͺܲͨ顣
ˣ֧Ųס֮ӿҲһ˲ͱŲƻַ̺֮ܿͻָˡ
ң̵һǻ֮
̹˸ĺǸطֲ̫ˣ̸оƺǿˣӦֵܵסǸط
ŶǺãȥһԡ
ַٴνŲƳ棬˲˻֮С
ʱĻ֮ӿ̣һΣ׼¶һβͬ̾Ȼջ֮
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Ҳ֪˶ã̵ͣȻ͵ʮ״СǴ󶼻Ҫࡣ
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ǴЩ֣ɴûм̡
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һĻǴܻ壬̶ϣоԼҪϢһ㣬Ǳ޸о˼ΣյϢ
һսܿܲӵĶ֡
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ַ彫Ųƽ档
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кβɣ
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϶ܹ޳ɰ֮Ϊ٣պǧħްתΪ˰֮ʵдȵ
ַ룬Ȼ߶к棬ҲܷγߵĵǲǾζûκεĳ·
ַ岢롣
޷ѣȴԳΪ
ַ彫ǧħͳͳתΪ˰СȻֻǴṩĺܴǳĻ֮ܲеº˵
ҲһϣպַлһЩ֮еǧħ񣬶ϣ޳ɻ
һַе˻ַֽǿʲô̶ȣ
ʱַ廹ܶһЩİ֡
ڣַͿٳǧħ񣬸ǰǴ󶼿Ŀɿڴš
ǧ붼ÿ£ڻ֮УЩ߸ϵΰǧΪЧѵá
ַŸոճѣոճΪȴѾǧЧˡ
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ˣ
ַɱĻֽǧħɱ˰Ѿ㹻̣Ǵ綼㹻ˡ
ǣַһ֣óǴķۣǴ񣬳ããĻȥ


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ۻţڷڣַĻ磬ܻһûʲô
Ǵ󣬻ж󣿡
Ǵҡҡͷˣ̫̫ˣڻд˺ܶ꣬Ҳûе߼ʡ˵ˣĻҲִܵı߼ʡ
⵹ҲǣһԴѾ㹻Ӵˣ˵п̺Դ档
ַҡҡͷǴҲǰʡǴֻǰڻУ൱ڵײ㣬֪ж㣿
Ǵڻ紳ôܸ֪꣬һľưɡ磬Щ
ƣ
ǴΣ룬˵֪ʥǡţʥǷֲڻиǻʥء
ʥǣ
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ַΪУҵеķţһĵط²̫ҵеķšʥǿɾͲһˣϾʥء
ˣǸҲֻ˵ʥǣھҲ֪
ַ˵ʣ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫǴڻлĿңʥǶ֪
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ңƺҲһֱڻдûȥʥǡĻͱǿĻץס
ڻһֱʱ䣬ȴκһͷû˵Դˡ
һƬֱޱ޼ʡ
˵£ꡢʮ꣬ҲһܹϾʵ̫̫ˡ
Ǵ󣬳ʥǣѵ߰ûһЩ̶г߾ۼأ磬̶Դ֮ġ
ַ̲סǴѯʣܻгʥǶ⣬ûŵĵطˡѵ߻߰ڻˣ
Ǵ룬Щ̫϶˵ˣҵ˵һЩǿ߽Ļ֮ǻ߻½ЩطҶҽ룬һ壬ڻдһǿĻܾͻᱻץס롣
ַˣԭǴһʲô壬ʥǶҽ룬Ǳǿͻᱻץ
ˣǴʳʲôЧϢͲܡ
ô˵ֻײˣ
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ţˣʵʱˣʱҲһЩʱѯһ֪ˡ
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֪η
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Ҳڹ۲Լ棬ԴǧħɱΪ󣬾һֱƽ֮Ҳûٵµӣûгµ
ַҲܼҪԶĵʲôʱٵµԼҲ
ûб仯ַ巴ʼо˻֮ʩչս֮ҲѾû˿ôˡ
ƺ֮Уս֮ܵƣʩչӴս壬ܡ
ǴԼƺսǿҲ츳ֶΣǻ档
Щ޳ɵĻս
Ҳһȭһơ
лרںкսֶΡ
磬ַ˵һȫµ㣬ණҪ˽⡣
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ַڻƯʱ䡣
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Դ
ַû֮ıʶ˽⣬֮ԭҲԴƾ󣬾ԴģҪԻк˽⣬ܳԴ
䣡
Ȼдһҵıը֮Ҳڲϵķƺлھҵս
ս
ַһˣڻƯ꣬һǲǻַ廹ÿ֪
ߣߣȥϸ
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㲻ǵĿңֻؼҵĹõΪ㣬Ҳʱ޶ˣôҲðαظ᣿
ӼһʱҲòǿڡȰ˵
٣ҵ˰ɣΪϢҾͲ֪ˣõĵͳǡСȣȻҴӦִС꣬Ǿ;ʧԣǴСֽҵģҪɱң
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ûҿ͸ˡ
ѲҲֻһˣ
ߣκβ㣬ס㡣ȵʱһ͸ˣСҲˣߣʱ㻹ôŵԣ
һȷֻһˣΧסͳ鲻Σް취
ǿԸ𣬵СҪգ
纮䣬жеһļ¡

ʱӻȻһҷۡ
ǵԮ
ҵķбǡӦߡ
ߣϽߣҪײλߣܹߣֶ죬Ѱ
ҷ۷˹Ӽæá
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784 ½
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ţЩɫˣǾͽɡ
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Ͳܡ

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ܣܣԼҵǧзҲƽⲻˣôץסң
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֮ǰԹӾɫףλԼҰ۷סĹҲûпס೤ʱ䣬˵Ҳ̫ǿ

ַ忴ûһۡ
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ʲôҪԼҵĸѧⲻܣ֪ԼѧȥԼұض׷ɱϢ
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Թ΢΢һ㶣ȷַѾԼҵˣɱλ۷ѾԼôܷŹַ壿
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ʱҪʳʲôףԼǴʮĹңеǧϳѧ
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ףסģһ߾ܣԱзصǰԻջ񡣡
ڣԹﻹܲףַпܣһλߣһλ޵еˣ


795 ԼӦ
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Ҳû̳ȥǵͺȻҲо˳صѹ
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˰λȻǺܶ࣬Լʮң̶ֻ֧Ű˰λߡ
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799 ǧħư˰
Сħħ
Դɰ˰ɵСħٶͱ仯һȻɱϢ
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ǧħַǧħ񣬱ַͳͳ˰
ңΪǧħȻ츳ֶͨΣΨһ㣬޷ɴˣ˰Ҫѷɫࡣ
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ٶĲ²Ҳ÷ԺڣǧħвԴѹǳ󡣰˰ɵСħȷǿǧħһӳɵƻҲǳ޴
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ַ徲վŲڹ۲ǧħı֡
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ǧħܵ谭֮ɱһħ
Сħ¾ħ
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ַҲԥٴʩչɽһɽ壬ݺݵĳСħȥһδңСħҲǧħĳ֮£ٱٽ㣬һΣ֧Ųס
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Դһ˿Ű˰ڱ¾Լҵĸǿ̣ԼҺķѪԴġ
ڣԴûһ˿ԥתߣ˵ͷ
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ַ嵱ȻйעԴɻСħץסЩûãЩֻǲˣֻ֪ɷ󣬶Сħľ壬Ͳ
ִԴȴһ֪ˣ˭ߣԴȴߣ
СŲ
ַһ˲ԽףӰͬһ㣬Դ
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800 ӣ
ǧħ񽫰˰ͳͳնɱһʣҲڰ
˶ĬˣֻĿеַ壬ޱȵ𺳡
һս˶ˡԴΪ׵İ˰Сħ󣬿նˣһ㶼ûпš
ȴȫû˰նɱһʣԴλԼҵ֮ӣϣɱɻߣҲַĽ
ԼҾ㲻꣬Ҳ˽ǣ˵˸
ԹĿɿڴ૵ôܣԴˣ˰
㵱Թַ֪ǻˣַ֪ѶԸɶԼһǿҵģΪа˰
ڣ˰ûˣԴҲˣַħô
˻ϲ˳ַչնɱ˰ԴоޱȵĻȡ
Ϊ뵽˵ԼҵλˣճԼʮҡ
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ַΪصúԼŮһ˿ҲãҲãֻҪַܺ島һ˿ϵǾͳɹˡ
˵˼ַһֱץסԹԴػ˲
£Ȼҵȥ

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ǿҪɱɻߣߣ
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ףһΪⲻ˵ء
ܷңΪβ˵ش󣬶ûԼ󣡡
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㲻ɱҡԴ˵㲻˵ԼҲˣοΪԼ᣿ԴҪҲһ
ԹЪ˹ĴԴȴһҲûпԹһۡ
ܿ죬ǴЦŽԹ˳ȥְ
ʵɱԴҲУܹԵĿסԴϾԴһַɲԴصĸ
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801 Դı仯
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ǣԴһھͷ˿ӡַҲû˵ǾĿԴӵãַԼ̫
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Դʲôо
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֮һжַ壬ԴԼȴһҲûоʲôԾ
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ҲܲˣֻҪƵõַÿӣ׷ߡ
ŽֻǿӣƺַеĻַ֮嶼ûгŪá
ÿӣַõСħĲ֮
󷨣ǿʱҪǧλһɴܹߵȻ⣡
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նɱˣѲڻ£ԶԶȵԼҵİ˰Ҫǿöࡣ
ֻϧԴҲûлεзšȻԴûУԴҲᵽԼеǧ
еԼµĻεзţֻѧԼʮĲռУ˲١
ǧԼңұȥһˣ
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802 ʯ
Լң˿´ڣһĳš
ˣ˰ȻˣһûӻȫնɱԴˡ
Լңδй˴ʧ
ңǰһ⣬λˣ᲻ûɱԼ
λܺţȴʵԴͰ˰ˣڣԼʱ̣һҪһ취
ԴɫأԭΪʮþȣԴȥһֵܹãû뵽ȻʧˡɾˣƷǳϾ
ԼЩ͵ǣʱҲûзѡΪ˭ףһԼˣ˾Ͷˡ
ҿӦͣ
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ǰһڵȷԼҵĴΣʧ˰˰ԼһʲôסΧ
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ԼҴסԻ챦ɱѡ񣬲򲻵ѣİ취ȽͣԷֵ̫ҪԼ£ݷ꣬Լҵĵֻ̣ܹԻ͡
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ģϷȻ
ǣԼҲ׷׵ͷʮȥ׳ǣַ彲͡

׳ǣҡ
տ䳡յһƬֻˣУǴˣж¶һ˿˷֮ɫĶԶһӰ
ַɫƽĿҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
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ԴѱɻַҲȷԴȷǱӸ׸ıǣŸԴɱġ
Դôַֺ꣬һսڿٽ㣬ˣɱɻԴԣ˳£ȻȻ¡
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ַһ䣬ղоҾ֮ȻǶʯ


803 Լҵ
Ƕʯ
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Դʯַ˵Ƿͬһ㣬ԴܹߵѵĵزԴʯû
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ڣԴʯôͻȻˣ
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ǣַľѸٵ˻ԴʯС
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ʮһ̷֣˴
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ԼѾ֪ˣԭҾʹԼһˡʵҺҲǲʶᾡһһ֮ɱ˻
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ʮһϲԭַԴѾͣǾ̫ˡ
ᣬһжҴˣϷܼ֮ǰԼһˣ̡
ĳҲʶʶԼʮҵķˡ
ʮһֱЦݣ·Ѽһ˿û˰£·֮ǰһУᡣ
Ǵ߰ɣȥǿ
ַ嵱˾ֺúõİһǴˣʮϣǷȥ


804 ʸ
Լңʮϸո뿪һʱ䣬ԼҾյʮϵһδѶһ򶨵ļԴҲ̲ס
죬죬ټλϣ
ϸʱԴƲסļøλ϶ܲ죬ʲôʱһ̩Ȼ֮ļҲ˼ˣ
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̲סʵǵ˰ҲûԴ˵ļ
λϣϲ£ϲ¡ոʮϴѶϢѾ˳׳ǣҼλصĻַ塣ַҲӦǰǡ
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ַԸ⽲ͣҲ˵ļ
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ַѾӵԶĺѣٶȣ׷ϺˡǣУһӶһɫСӡ
ַ彫ɫСһףʱɫСӭǣ˲ͱˣɢڵĹԣȻǻ۷챦ӡ

ַ߶ӣʱӷԶĺѣԼٶȴҽһһȻôֱӿеȥ
ܹס֮𵴾񣬺һʱ죬Ȼͱסˡ
ಣ
ַʩչŲתۼ͵˺ѵߣںѿ־ĿУһȥ

ĲҽصڿУַķӡȴûκԥһ£ʹҪֵַ춴֮ȫʩչķӡεǿ
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814 ִƳ
ַһȷźѵȷˡ
ѵѲַҲǽ춴󻹶ӲŽ䳹ɱ˵жǿֶβ죬ʵȺǿĻˣһСĶп﷭
ԭַ廹һѺѵĶѵճɻҽˣɽҲ˷棬ַҲա
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Դһصı顣
ȷѲǱɱˣԺ󲻻ǵ鷳ˡ
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ңϺֶ꣬Ҳʹã˵Ǻܼɵǡȵηƶ֮Ҿˡ
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ַ嵱˻ۣɲôߵϾƳǳǷˣһλ޽ӽ۷ǿߡ
ַıϣȻҲԴһ󹷡ȻЩŹ֣Ƴʲô˶Уһ󹷵ҲͲôעˡ
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Ƿ˵ĹأĻ˶⶯֣ʲôƶʢ᣿
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815 ƶ
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ãȴٳûдѶʱɫ
ѳٳٲţ׶༪ˡֶι죬Ϸ϶СĽ˵Ϸ󣬲ɱڵԵϷҲֻѹѣɱǧѡ
Щͷˣֶι죬ǿڣѾȻˣпɾûôˡ
ԴոɱɻԸѻֻǸصĻַ壬ȻնɱѣǸ
Ҳû뵽ԭԴַ壬ַҲͺ;Ҽ൱
ڿַ岻ȾҼȾ涼ôһУպصңаӣ
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ֻǣӡؾеıҲ۲ĺܣȴΪɱַ壬òóˡ
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²˳٣ϷȥϵһЩϼһ
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ˡˣǾסڵھŲɡλ˵Ҳз䣬ÿ㶼ŮʲôҪ󣬾ܷԸŮ
ַ˴˵ھŲ󣬾͸뿪ˡ
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ңھŲ֮ϻ㣬ЩˣЩûаţҲ֪ΰŵġ
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ַɫЩأξǱӡؾʱӡؾһǲǰװ˷ʱ;
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ˣ˷ģһȥռӡؾϡ
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˰Ͳסįѵʢ£ˣȥһˣַҲûֹ෴Ǵ棬ʲôʱʹѶ
ڷƳǣַ廹ǺܷĵģǻҲ׶֣ȫбϵġ
ַ壬ٷĳǳҲˣƳǷûȤˣھ;ĵȴԴռϡ
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ˣעžλˣǾ棬ƺƵ뿪㣬˸Ĵѡ
ѣǷô򵥡ģϵˣҲ塣οҲɵû̫棬˭;һ֣
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Ǵﵽ˰۷ôһöܰɱ䡣ɱʧܣʵҲܸһ¥νΪı
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ӡؾȻܻûַҲܿܲջһЩһЩַǿ
һްԵҲǲܡ


816 ؾ
ƶһ͹㳡ϣмӴ̨
̨ǰһڷʮŰӣЩӣЩĻǵλҲ˵˷˶⣬ҪӡؾĻˣʮˡ
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״½Ӵƽ˾кܾãһܹһλˣڣȴʮλˡ
ַԴľ˹㳡ϣҵǵӣÿһӶַ֡ԴԿλϡ
ৣ
ȻмĿַԴϴš
ԴѰңЩĿ̾˻ȥûҵˡ۵ľλˣڶ档
ˣղŵĿⲻⰡ滹ҵ˲ٻˡ
ַ˵ͷľЦЦ⼸ȷһЩջ񡣲Σ
ܿ죬˵ˣ˵Ŀⶼе˷˵ϡλˣǶһڳлΪߣʵǿˡһλߵȻ޽ӽ۷״½պ
ַ嶼оһ˿ǿҵв˺ܲ򵥡
ַĿⲻϵ˸ţ˼ȻҹӡؾϾȡһı϶ֻ̡ǣǵõǿıأ
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ļֵ޷ʱ򣬿·˾͵ƾʵӲˡ
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ΣЦеķˣַ嶼ýԴ
ڳеĻˣΨˣַܴѹ
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УҲбزٵģҲû˾òƽ
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817 սˣ
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824 ĸ춴
гôĻʬ壬Ҹ˷ǳ𺳣ͬʱҲ˷ܡ
ôĻʬ壬ַ˵Ļǳ
޵ʬ壬ʵϺߵĻһһĻǵͻɢһһʧڻ֮С
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826 ɱ
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827 սˣ
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828 ӳ֣
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·Ļʹ֮Уһѩ״󹷣Լѩ״󹷱ϵһӣƵŮߡ
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ˣ÷ϻˣַΣǵķˣĴݣѵܱǿһְɣû·ˣ
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Ҳһҧٱκνң֮սյһսˡ


844 ֻһʼ
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ŮѾеֶΣˣĴԵľַֻ塣
ɡֱֶӶ׼ַ壬Ҫַ峹и
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гˡҲһһ֣ĴȫԸŮзӳ֣챦ѹƣնɱĴ֣ƾѾ۷ˣ۷Ҳ۷
ַĿһ˿ɫ֡
ҸպԴӡĵʽǾӡ֤һ°ɡӡ
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⡭ǣ
Ĵ˻һ𣬸о˷εĴ֣ǺݺסѹѸٵ
ǵĻ֮ƺ޷ܡ
꣡
ڣɡ飬֮ǰɡѾһ˿ƣڣַӡУַ˿̵ʵʩչӡѾȫ۷һ
ˣɡҲ֧Ųס˲顣
ûɡиַӡӵĿֲɽҲھҵ䵽ַͷȴôҲ䲻
أ
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ӣӣС
Ĵˣһޱȵ𾪣˿־塣
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飬˷ɢȥ֮˶΢΢һ𣬻ýӲޱȡ
ŮʳǶþֹһ㣬漫Ϊ졣
Сȥɡ
ַٻͻΪһ⣬ٶ֮죬ֱ˼գۼʹ˵Աߡ
ǻ档

Ů
ٶ죬գۼû֮ɱˡ
˱סʱֻ̣ܶһ˲ַȴֹһδ߶ӡ

һδ𣬼Ѿû֮𣬽Ĵ˴лˣͳͳոɾ
ǺҲ⡣
۷챦ַҲܷӳȫ治Լµ챦ǿĿ¡
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ǰҿˣⲻһֱҪĹֻǣΪˣĴ˽䣬ǲǺ¹ѵĿʼ
ַҡҡͷĳ棬ֺγûоĸǵľʥߣߵﲻܵ羴
ŮҲһǺ¹ġʥˡǺ¹˵ϣ
ֻϧȴûַôˣҪڷ״½߸֮ǰĸ֣ٵѣ
Ĵ˵䣬ֻһʼ


845 ۣ
ʲôˣ
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Ǻ¹ŮʣһλİˣڷƳնɱ˵ַˣ¹ŮʣնɱĴˣ
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״½ܴ󣬵ըԵϢٴĴ½Ҳڶʱڴ½ַնɱˣѾ˾̾ˡ
ڣַһ֮նɱĴˣϢ𺳣˿նɱҪҪӵľ
䣬ַ廹ͺ¹Ůһ𣬺¹ŮʣǿǷ״½ĴȻʲôķһִĺ¹ڷ״½һУ
˭ܷϺ¹ŮʵĶظΪһЩ˶ԸŮʹ
ַǿˣڰ¹Ůʣѵ¹Ҫˣ
һʱ䣬״½ĶЩ¹ΧĴССһ뾡취ҪסС

۷壬״½ϹŵĴţɽǹУ۳ɵĵΪ۷塣
վֻ񻰴˵״½ԴӵԺ󣬾Ѿ֪ʲôۣ
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ۣ״½˴۷֮һһЩͻƣֻ۷ˣô˴۷ǿ
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۵ţ޾ϵϣȻ¶һ˿į֮ɫôڵкȻУ꣬Ҳûм⸱顣
۵𶯡
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Ϊ˰Եᣬ˸ȥùͷ
ɫˣҲΣҲûϵҵʦǾԶǣ˭ɱͽһΪѪծѪ
¶һ˿Ȼɱ⣬Ǹ߸ϵۣ״½İ֮һǷʧٵ֮£Ҫɱˣû˭ܹѡ
۰£˼˺ֻǺһЩ£һЩԲ˵£һֱ뷽跨ֲ
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һ֣ʱĽ񽫶վ֪Ҫˣ۳Ǿս޲ʤ޲ˣ˷񹬶⣬ûʲô۳Ա
̤ƽ¹
۱·ּ
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ˣĴµĶǴĻˣҲһЩȫսƷ
ʹڣŮĽݹöǡرЦҡַȴƽĿһŮеĶȷǴջ
ַҲӹЩЩȷսƷ
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ַ岻ȱѧȱзţȱҲȱһѾ㹻ˣοַ廹߿ŷ飬ԸĴˣ鶼ûʹá
ַȱǳߵ֮ȱǻԪ澭Ҫ
Ůʱ¿л޵ʬ壿
޵ʬ壬Ҫ֮ã
һķţҪ߶۵Ŀǰֻл޵ʬҵ󡣷Ļ⿿ޣ²֪òһĽдʬĻЩͶŮʱ£͵ǽƷ
Щַ˵ȷûʲôãŮ˵ȴдá
Ůʳһ˵޵ʬûУ߶۵ﵹһ㡣ˣΣ
˵գŮƣ۵Уһ˿İɫԡ


846 ֮Դ
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ַüëһĸоŹâ̺ĿȫǾµĻ
ǻ֮Դڻ֮жΪһݻ֮ԴҪʱ䣬ܹ۳һСݡп°빦Ȼһƿǻ֮ԴҲáҵǵõݻ֮ԴܹҲźķ˴ɵĻɡƿݻ֮ԴҲûˣ֪ݻ֮Դ˵ЩսƷΣ
Ȼǻ֮Դ˵ʣ߳ɻֻʣɻҲռˡ
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ŮʣĿҲǵ߸״½ĸ֣ΪĿģԲϧһдۣĵһ֮ϣ
Ů뿪ַ鿴ݻ֮Դ
ݻ֮Դƻ֮Դƺϡƽʵϣ̺ſµŮһ·еߵȻҲֻɵˡ
֮ԴежôĿֲ⼸ַԪ澭
ֻϧڻ֮УҲҪʱ䣬п۳һݻ֮Դһʱϵ֮£п֮ܵԴ
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Ůó֮Դɲ˵ô򵥡ַսƷʵһݻ֮ԴŮڸмַԲŸַ֮Դ
ݻ֮ԴȻǽףҲǸм
ַ嵱ȻõŮʵĺ⣬οҲȷҪݻ֮ԴʵĴֻ֮һʼַ˭
뱻鷳֮УԴְŮһ̣Ѿ뵽еУ޷
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ˣں¹ŮʳǣӭӽĸսʵΪҪˡ
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ַ۾ʼջ֮ԴеĻ
ʱڱ⣬ַδо˳ɱɻɱɸߵȻʱҲû˵ĳ졣
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ڣ˻֮Դ⣬ʱ䣬ĵһ춴ȻѾˡ
ˣ
һ˿˿Ļ֮硱˳ţڵһ춴ԱߣȻһγ˵ڶ춴ĳΡ
ڶ춴
ַһ𣬽ʱ۳˵ڶ춴ĳΣ֮ԴЧֱš
ҲֻлԪ澭ĻԪ֮˿񱩣ƴ۵ķջŮʣˣθô񱩵ջ
οǼҲûʲôãϾ˵ڿл춴
ַܣǣٶȳȫлԪ澭

ʹڣŮȡŴ󳼵Ļ㱨
£Դ˴Ĵ֮Һ¹չѸ٣߶ԸΪҺ¹񡣲꣬Һ¹һܹĻˡ
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Ĵ˵¼֮󣬺¹ķչɽ˿쳵һַ֪նɱĴһսַ£״½ź¹Ҳ£߶֪ôһطԻøָзţķŲصķǳܣӵܣ
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аʱ䣬¹һᷢչһȻ
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847 ̤ƽŮʳǣһ
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ŮҲ̲סѯʡ
ȷ۷ˣ۾ڲУû̽鵽
ˣȥɡ
Ů˿ۣ֣Ѿ˿־ˡǷ״½ˣ֪ζʲô
֮ûʧֹΪ״½˴۷֮һѾ״½
ûֻҪ۷ִ£¹Ҳ鷳ˡ
һֵһЩ󳼣ﶼʼ˿־壬֮ʢѾԶԶһߵ
£۵ĻӦþ֪ͨˡ
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Ůȴҡҡͷַոյõ֮Դȫο۶ûھ;ʧȥַ壿
ܣǺ¹ŮʣΪһ־;ʧ룿
ˣûţŮʳǽϣнԴʱɴ󣡡
ŮһȥܿȶŮʳǵοŮʳҲǾþսˣǰûĴˣξ۷壬Σ
ŮУȴվЩ
۶ˣѵݲ˺¹
ŮվŮˣǰǿ˺һŮˡʹ漣ҲվǸŮˣվʱ
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ʱŮַ壬ǸҲߴҲû̫ϵӡͬһůһ㣬Ｄһ˿˿
Ůʳǽϣ˶֪ˡ
ȻʱŮʳϿվͳ˴ͬһƬһ㣬סŮʳǡ
۷ǧǰɷ󣬿ߵȻ⡣ֻΣ˺պս
ЩɢŽǿǽ񽫣۷УҲֻʮλ
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ۣѹ״½꣬죬֮ͬ״½֮˷񹬵λʧٵ˭ܶԿۣ
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Ҫַ֪ĿǻԪ澭ڶأÿһ춴ۣǰ߸춴Ҫࡣ
ˣǿޣÿһ춴Ҫʮϰʱ䣬ûл֮Դַô̵ʱھ۳춴붼ȥ롣
ҲǻԪ澭ı׶ˣԪ澭޳ɣȷǳֲ൱֮ͬ˵Խ󣬲Խ
ͬģԪ澭ҲǳĻһʱֻǱȱ˶໨ʱ䣬ƺַ۳߸춴ҲûôѾûкķѶʱ䡣
ַ彫Ԫ澭ڶʱԵᵽ˻Ԫ澭ı׶ˣڴ½ôʱ䣬ƺûиоΪʲô
ҪޣĽ߸춴ͳͳԲҲҪǧʱˡң˵أķѵʱ
ÿһ춴Ҫǧ꣬ǧʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬һǾǰ
ˣԪ澭ǲɵģ뿿ֻԵַ͵õ˻֮ԴĻԵ
Ż֮Դַֻ˼ʱ䣬ھͶ춴
ֻϧ֮Դˣмݻ֮ԴܽԪ澭ڶضԲ״̬
ַЩźʵҲ֪֮ԴܹҵõһݣѾĻԵõݣ
ʱһȻ쳹ڿУ֮еַ嶼
۷ּ̤ƽŮʳǣһ
ƺƵ
ôˣ
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ৣ
ַվӰһҴ򿪣ַӰѾʧӰ


848 ޵Сħ
ŮʳǣȺڴϣˡ
ûдڼУǸֳֵǹһսܵ˭ǶҪػԼļˣػԼļ԰
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˺¹ôʱ䣬езţѧ͵ȵͨ˶ܹУϣܿһĻ
˶ԼԼǽϣڱ˵ϡ
ϴĴϮŮʻûпһĻڣһĻôѪ˺¹ϣ˻ر뿴Ľպ¹ûܹڷ״½
Ůʺοˣ֮УǼɢ޾ϵƺоûô־ˡ
󣡡
Ůһȥÿһƾһ֡ŮʳǵĴ󣬽еӳŮʵϡ
һ̣Ůޱƽ۷
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ܿߵȻ׾ٵɱߵȻ
ԣʮ񽫣Ҳ˴󣡡
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ڷ״½ûгֹߵȻˣܹ۷˵ġַǿǰҲûյ档
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Ůɫӣɫ԰ףַ֣֪Ϊʲôȴһ˿ʹǵģʹ·ַһ֣ҲƵġ
Ůףǰַ֣ǾͼûʲôΪΪŮʳǣַԸȥ
ˣŮʵܸӡ
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ڷ״½ߵȻʵкܶģʱ䣬΢еԵܹ޳ɸߵȻ
۷ȴһֱָ״½ϣҲֻа˴۷˰ˣ۷Ǻεȵѣ
ûм۷ˣԶҲ޷۷ǿִײ۷ȴѾޱȵˡ
ѹǧ׾ܹ״½ɿµԵƽκκˡǣַ岻֪ǧߣǰɴ󣬾ȻҲǧ׾Ტۡ
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ȼձԴҲ޷նɱۡ
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ַӰһֱӽٵ˻֮ǰ
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ַ΢Щڴϴǧӣ͵ǧħôӣֻᵮʲô
֮ҪӣҪʲôܼӿӵ
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Ϊֻ֮Ҫ淢£ַ壬ˣַܿͷ֣仯ĸԴˡ
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Ĵţ˭Ҳܿ϶۷ʷƾǿ϶ġܱƳɻ챦Ҳ൱ѵá
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۷⣬ʲô
ַ˿Ѿ۷Խ۷ʹָˣľҲʼ۷֮С
۷弫ΪӴ󣬵ַľʱҲܵһЩûϵַ۷壬Ҫֹľ졣
ģַľѾ۷ĵĵط
ȻַоһġϡǿϢ˵޾Ļָоͷ·ַһͷͷޡΪϵĻޣһ

ַڡǰһĻ۷ĵĵطһޱӴ󣬴ﵽǧ׳Ӵ
ֹԲߵĹֻл޵ĹпôӴ
ЩӴĻޣôĹҲЩַ̫ޣЩ۷ޣҪӵ̶ֳȵĹͲܡ
һػ֮ǣ
ַ帣飬Ժ뵽һֿܡޣֻл޲ſӵôӴ
ԴǴһԴڣߵս壬Թ㡣ǵ˻֮УܵƣԼ֮Ŀֲѹ
Ӵս壬Ҳ߽⡣ǻޣһͷҲ󣬼Ѿ൱ˡ
ڸ͵ĻޣҲУѾǻޣǴĻޣÿһͷޣȻû飬Ҳ飬ǻۼߣʵǿ
ڻҲǷǳټģһҲնɱһͷޡ
ڣ۷ھȻһػ޵ĹʵЩַԤϡ


854 ڶ
ѹ֣ѹ۷汾ԴȻһػ޵Ĺ
ַҲ΢΢Щǻ޵Ĺڻ֮˲ַ֪꣬潥չеһ˿Ϊ汾ԴԳƵԴԴϡ
֮ϲַõ۷챦Ҫַ˵öࡣ
ӦҲ֪۷ػ޵Ĺ޺ǿǿĿ´ڣһعҲá
۷ܹ֮ãʵΪعԵʡ۵ַ΢ֲһЩҲ޷ȫػ޹
ַҪһڻУַû¼۷壬֮У֮ܣ¼һ۷кη

ַ֮Ѹٵİס۷壬۷ʯ׷׵޳Ҫǿ۷Ӳ۷˶޷ơ
ַ֮У֮ܵϵĳˢټӲ֮Ҳɶ۷Ҳˣʯʼɶı֮
ȻٶȺܻʤڼ֣Ҳϵİ룬ֻ۷ѾȻ׻Ϊһʯ¶һӴĹ
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عĳַ֣巢ֻ֮Ըӵġܹ汾Դۿɼٶȣ
Сػ޵Ĺ
ַЩף̫Сػ޵Ĺû뵽޹У̺ôֲ֮պܹתô汾Դ
ͬʱַҲоţʼ췭ظı仯
ԭַ棬ոյʱֻһڹֱһЩʵһǧֱûŹ
ڣַĿ棬ۿɼٶڷţÿһţ԰ֱ㡣
ˣ涼Ե췭ظ
ַ֮ţ汾Դӣֱַ۵ĸоǿǿ֮ܵҲǿ
ߵĸ棬ֻҪǿôȻҲͻǿ
˷츲صı仯ַ㾲ĵȴţֱ仯ҪҪеĵڡ
ŵʱЩΪǽػ޹̺ʵ̫Ӵˣˣʮʱ䣬ƽ
泹׵ƽַǽػ޹ȻôӴ󣬵ַȴо˵ʲô̺һַˡ
ֱ˶٣ַҲϸһӦ۾͵¶һ˿֮̾ɫ
һǧֱ
ַ循ֱ̾Ȼһ룬Ҫ֪ǧֱɲôŵġַԴӳѺһֱڣ滹ǵһôࡣ
Щ꣬Ǽûд
ң˺ܶ࣬汾ԴҲࡣ
꣡
Ȼַһ죬һ˲ŲƵ˻֮ǰ
֮ƺΪ˴汾ԴԵʣ汾Դ࣬Ҳࡣ
ң˳ǧӣھȻѾˡ
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ַĶŻӣղŵĴһӵıѾƣһǿϢɢ
ǻ֮ĵڶôŨϢ˵϶ܲ

ȻˣҲһ飬ţ
飬浮ͷֵĹޣħģǹޣͷǳӴﳤһ־һŭʮ㡣
ңͷ޻һۣоЩԸгս⡣
ݼ񡣡
ͷ޾ܻ඼ųս⣬ȴһʱԣַǴӳһ̣ͱ˶ַλ֮֮ľҳϡ
˭һһһ
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ǶǿʤһΪ֮ס
ʲô
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꣡
ʱ֮еƵӣȻҲʱ׷顣


855 ԸĴ
ƵĻӷ׷飬浮һͷͷĹޡЩ޵ģ޲࣬еǽޣеľޣеˮ޵ȵȣ֮ͬ
ݼ񣡡
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ȥɣƬǵļ԰úػǵļ԰
ַ˻֣ҲŸԵ뿪뵽һǧֱ棬Ѿ㹻Щˡ
Щ޵ڣ
ַʵһֱûŪǧħҲãЩҲãΪʲô֮ᵮЩ
ַ岻ߵϢҲ֪ЩǺûǻ
ǧħֱʱֻкôûʲô̫Ļ
οɲǧħˣƵޣޡľޡˮޡޡޣżǧˣ뵽֮С
Ÿոռʱ޾Ѿ֮дսƺ͵жԣÿÿһս
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˵ڶĻ֮ƺЩήҡַ֪ҲһЩ汾Դ
Ŀǰַз治˽⣬Ҳֻܷˡ
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ңһΣַ廹еʯһЩӲĲʣʹ۷øǿ
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856 ͷĴɽ
񹬣ڷ״½ͷһӰû˭ܹѷ񹬵Ӱ졣
ȻƷ񹬳Ȼ⣬ƾ״½ĸȨʵأȴ߸ϣǽԼװһþߡĽɫ
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ţַ֪ˣ
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ˣÿһ¡񹬣ȴأ÷ŭںɷɭ֣ɷɭֶᱻƽ
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ǸŮߣƺַϵһ㡣ˣַзţξ͵Ķ顣
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ˣܿ˾
˲仯Ϊһ磬ɳ˺ɷɭ֣ĳȥգۼʧʡ


857 ħٽ
汾Դô࣬ô֮࣬Ҷ۳һ춴ˡ
ַ١ĻԪ澭ǰòŸոɵڶأ۳춴
ַǿַҪ֮ۻ춴
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ڽ֮춴ַѾԵᳵ·ˣˣ֮ӿ뵽ַڣַҲתԪ澭Ӵַ岻Ѵ֮۳˵ĸ춴
ĸ춴ۺ˳ַ巢֣ڵĸ춴ԱߣȻֽ۳һ춴Ρ
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ַЩϲ⣬ľϲû뵽źôЧֱַܹ춴
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ַԼһ⣬ƺԼԼץס˳ߵһЩʡûлóз֮ǰûо֮ǰַҲֻܿ
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һǧħޣҲеΨһˡ
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ԼǧħĹϵַҲû˭˵ûа֣棬õİ֡
һǧħ񣬶ɱ˻ʵǿᵽʲôز


858 ٣
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ַ忴һᣬͬʱҲǸһݻԵȻǻޣ߶ҪŵԣǶԹ
ĿַһۣǻۣȻַ֪ġ⡱ȴҡҡͷϵľܾˡ
ַˣ֮ǰţֱӾȻŷ񣬾Ϊ񹬡ԵģҲҪԼûȥȡݻԵ񹬣״½ô꣬Ϊ۷ˣǡ˵еλ
˵꣬ת뿪ˣû˿ԥֻһַУַˣгһգǳ̤񹬵ʱ򡣷Ȱ㻹Ͱɡ
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նɱۣȻӦã۶ʧߣҲˣ۷ȴǷ״½ο۷þӦý۷ǡˣҷҲ˲þ˲úҷҲȥѰˡ
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ʵҲл棬ˣַڿɷĻ沢İȼյĻ棬ϣ˲ס۷塣
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ȴûκİա
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Ǿֻһ취ˡ棡
ֻб棬㾡ܴ֮񹬵Ĵ


862 £
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汬ַͷ·Զoһ㣬ٷڣ֮תǧħ޶ֹͣԹԼ
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Ȼ󣬷Ҳûбơ
ʵϣ˶һ𣬷״½£Ѿıˣ
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863 Ůʲ
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Щ硣
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鴫ַֻ֪Ϊ飬ôǿ
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Ůתһ룬ܿŷΪѡˣԭܼ򵥣ַں¹ڵַ壬ѹ񹬣÷۷˲뿪񹬣״½˭ַĶ֣
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Ůʣڷ񹬲ðͷʼǸвһ취вڴ֮ǰĺ¹Ѿû谭ҲãִҲգԵõչˣΣÿԼ
ף֮Ϊ
Ů죬¶һ˿Σ΢У˷·ַ飬ַ壬ûˣһʱҲЩóˡ
ַ廹˹ҡҡͷŮʲˡ
˵꣬ת뿪˻ʹֻŮַ뿪ıӰϵѲ


864 ͷޣ
뿪ʹַ˾ңš
ո֮޷Ʒ񹬵ĴǾЩ鷳ˡʱڣַΪͲܡ
Ψһİ취ǵѰҡ
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ַ֪Լɳһɳʵͻǧħ񣬶пɱɻ
浽Ǹʱַ廹õ޵ǿ㹻Ļɿο
棬ǧħɱɻǳѡ뵱ַǧħɱɰһ
ÿһͷÿԼ֪ǧħܲܡȡɡϾħַĵһ
Ҫ汾ԴǾ͵㹻Ļޣ
ڻжڷ״½ַȴ֪дĻޣֻǣַҲûаգԷ𲻴Ӧ
ܴ𲻴Ӧַ嶼Ҫȥһԡ
ȥɷɭ֣
ַ뿪˾ңɵıϣźɷɭַȥ

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䵽ɽʱɽڵСϪУ̽һ˶ԴȻǺ
һЩϴΣǷǳ£ڣȴѾܹվںǰˡ
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ԣǷûУϵϢ۷˵Ϣֱǿˣ
۷ˣ԰֮ǰֻǸߵȻˣ⡭
η鷳ˡ
վ󣬷ƣַ˼ʵǿˣΣ
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Ϊɱﵣǿֶλûжá
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ƣҲÿ˭ִ۷ˣվֻǻ˰ˣ󣬳ֻܷӳ߰˳ɵ
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ַ֮ʱַ˲䱬һɺ嫣·ޱ޼ʵӿַڡ
˿̵ַѾһһ棬һԴ棡
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ַһȭ£ڵ֮Ҳ˲䱬ݺݵѹ˷񹬵Ĵ֮ϡ
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870 ħ޵
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ͺ¹㲻ʲô̫ĹϵŮҲ㲻ʲô꼴ԵȻֽ񹬣ǾҪף󻼡
Ժ᲻ع飬ַȴѾܲôˡοʵŮġ롱Ůʵĵõ˹᳹龳һһ·һ˿ϣ顣
Ժ£ַܲˣǰ£ȴһҪܡ
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֮ڣˡԼˣ۷ˣһɫѿˣȻˣûֿܡ
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߰ɣµҲ޷ӱˣҲ㲻ȥǷ񹬵һ٣
һҧ۷ˣԼڵлˣ뿪˷񹬣ַǰ
ˣǰˣʲôҪ󣬿Ծᣡ
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۷Ҳ֮ǰҲǹֿܣַ岻ϷŹǣǾӣӳ״½Ѳַ廹׷ȥɣ
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ַܵ۷壬εȿֲһѹ£ǳ䲻⣬ֱ˶ȥ˱۷ʵģϴξͲ㱻ַնɱ
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ַǧħó޵ʱ޵ĸ棬˲ܸٹķΧǧﶼܸǡ
ˣѾɳһξ룬ǧħó޵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
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ܣ޵ҷ񹬵Ĵסǣ
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ˣ˽޵Ҹ棬ﲻ٣ˣŻգǧħֻ֧һСҪƿ
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ַѾ˹λ۷˵ȷЩѲл棬ﲻ٣Ҫߣֹ

ִַ߶ӣһΣҲƴķӣһ˲ѡһַ̣Ѿ棬֮΢΢һס˻ˡ
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871 ִ񹬣
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Щ˶ܿʵ񹬰ˣҰܵĺܲңǸǻˣ֪лȥ
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ЩƺڻഫַҲֹЩѡһ֣ûʧ
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ԭܼ򵥣磬Ǽɣ
ΪΣ
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˻ۣڻΣҲߣϾ۵ٶȻ൱졣
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ЩݵתҲǳ죬̾ͱϹϾ
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ַ÷Ƿ״½һ꣬ͳڳӦһЩ˽ǡ
ȴЦ˵ˣǷ񹬾ܴоԶ񣬵ϾֻһƫƧһڻк۵Ļ½Ҳûг߽ٹûдʲôǿзšѧǵ棬뿪˷״½ʲôߵϢ
ڻЩˣΪʲôַ񹬡²Ϊ˺¹һҪԭ򣬾ַһλĳߡ
һλߣǴԴ泬ѶһУе߾磿񹬴꣬˽ⳬߵõط
뵽ֻпЦ⻹֣֮˭뵽ַһλߣ
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ʥǣߴʥǿ϶У˵ߴʥǣģһйڳߵļ¼
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ַѾֹһ˻ʥǵֻ֣ϧһֱ֪ʥ
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ˣδǣ
Сʵ
Σλ۷ˣ˭ôȥ
֪ҳߵݣӦ֪ܣҲܷ뿪ɱǣƺҲûʲôá
ѡһǾʵҵ֮УСгһգҳɴй¶ˣԷɡ
ڶҽնɱ󻼣
˻һۣ൱Ρ
Ըһֱ
ԶҲҪáֻҪţǾϣϣǳã
ܺãǽž޴֮Сסûҵ뿪򣡡
ֱַŲһ򣬽˶ϣûˡ
֮ûնɱˣҲַ뿴λ۷УʲôӰ졣
͵һ飬ϾַûеõߵзţҲֻܿԼһ
ǺûǻַҲ޷Ԥ⣬Ҳֻһһʲô˼ĻַҲ⽫ɱУ˵λ۷ˣǶʮλ۷ַҲ


872 澭
ַʶع󣬾ͿʼչΡˡϾ꣬һͳǵУ
ַɲװ״Ļᡣ
ȥ˲ر⣬涼һЩ챦ȵȣǷǳϡ֮ַ򿪲ر⣬ʱ磬ָıֱۻҡ
ͨ챦۷챦ӦоС
ֵַǣûм۷ʹ۷챦ȷǱȽϹŹ֡
ַ˽һرļ۷챦ַˡԭ⼸۷챦̫ʺ۷ʹá
ΪǶһЩĻ챦ЩһЩصĻѧܷӳȫ
۷ˣѾ˻棬ʲô챦ĹлϾﲻ١
ַǧħɵ޵󣬱ѾһǳĴˣаʮһλĻ൱¡
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ȻҲΪǧħ񣬽ֻаʮһλ޵̫ǿ
󣬿Ҳֵס棬жôǿôǿĹֶΣ۷˻ҪʲôĻ챦
ǿҲ޵еġ۷ˣַ塣һ𣬾𵴾ﻹʩչ棿
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ˣ۷˴һʼͱַĿסҲַ浱УԶҲ޷뿪ˡ
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ر˻챦ĻۣǵУ
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еΪ˴񹬵ĵӣЩΪΪЩԷд׵Ļˡ
Щҩڶַ壬ַɨһա
ѩ໨ƼݡѪٵȵȣǷ״½Ϊ֮һеκһԵһҵĴ֮ˡ
ڷ񹬵ĲرУȴȱȽǣһѵĶѻڲرСҵͳȻͬ졣
ЩҩַȻһһЦɣ˻Ԫ澭ĵأֱǸ޵׶
ַƣ۳ڶ춴֪ĶôֲС
ֻϧַ巭ر⣬ûзֻ֮Դ֮Դǻ籦ڻжޱȵǶ֮͡Ļۣûһݻ֮Դ
ַ彫ҩﶼչһ飬汦⡣Ļ챦ԸŮʣٸԼһЩҲַİš
չ˲رַ˷񹬵Ĳ󡣸ոս룬ַͿһһŵܣ棬ֱ飬ǸзšѧԼ
УµѧֻռܣϵĻѧԼзţܡ
ʣµһܣһЩӼǡ伮¼һЩ̸ۣһЩļصȵȡ
ַϸһµѧԼзţûʲôȤֻ㷭˷Ѿһԡ
εѧԼзţַ˵ȴ
Ｘ״½лεзšѧԼԼҵзŻԪ澭
ǿʢʱռ½ĻѧԼзţвߣ
ˣ֪ڵĲжôķḻ
ڷ񹬵ĲжҲзŻѧڴ½طҲһҲ
ַ屾ռһЩзţڸʡȴ鷳һһȥ½ռֻҪȫ伮ˡ
ȣַ巭߲εšܹķţոձ񹬴ŷϵõӡУҲϡ
֮⣬лԪ澭澭Ħ澭Ѫ澭ڤ澭澭ټӡ澭Ǿһ澭ͳͳֱָ
澭һǱضƬ½һѪȷ磬۷ˣҲ̲סҪᡣ
ΪЩ۷ˣûֱָзţ۾ûС
Ƿ񹬵ĵ̣괫Уͳĵ̣


873 棡
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ѹַ񹬵ͳǿ߲괫Уܹڷ״½ϣȻ⣬ʵƬ½ף
˵ֶΣ÷ģʵֵ̡ߣΪһγɾͻзŶƴʱķżֱȱȽǡ
磬۷˶ûķţҪ۳飬εѣֱ졣
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ַĿǰѾӡ澭ԼԪ澭ˣ޹ǻԪ澭֮⣬Ĳ澭ַȴûп
ɽ֮ʯԹַҲĴ澭Ҫ֪ÿһֱָ澭Ƕǧзţ̺İء
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ȵȻǷ澭ϾǷķšΪõһ澭ܹ״½顣
澭ԭַҲˣ棡
ԭ۷ˣľǷ澭ⲿ澭ڲĹУԲӻе顣
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츳Ҳ൱Ҫûл츳޷棬޷ƿػ档
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棬֪澭ר棬֪ǷУ
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Ħ澭һŷǳħţħзšǳаֲַüͷֻ΢˿û롣ⲿ澭ͬҲûо
Ѫ澭ڤ澭
澭ȴǲѪ澭רռһЩ޵ѪҺȻʹ֮ӵǿѪ
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ң޵Ѫ߻ǻޣķţҲпȡ֮
۵飬Լ飬飬Ԧʶһзš
ڤ澭Ҫ࣬һ֮ǳصзš
Ҫһֿڤ״̬Ȼ״̬УƾڤԼ顣зţûֶͨΣҲҪԴ
ȴַ֮忴ö֪ơ
澭ַһ£ʵӡ澭澭ԼԪ澭ȽϿףȽ
У澭ǿΪԵӡ澭ΪƽͣԪ澭ףʵѡ
ַ࣬䳹澭ҲַУ˽⡣
ַеģԣ֮ܲģ
ǣַ忪ʼշ澭еķţڤֻ棬Ϊ˰ȫַ֮鲼ʲô⣬֮ѹһУʱΣա
ַڤеֻ棬ѧϰҲлԵĻˣڻ棬ַ岢İ
շ澭еķţַоܵ¶ȿʼߣܵһпʼʧ˿״̬
ֿ״̬£ַ·𡰿һػ棬һغСĻ棬ͬ΢ĵƻһ㣬ַǰ
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ַ֪һǻ棡


874 ֮ģ

ַһţ״̬ʧǴػҲ֮ʧ
桭ӦҸӦĻ棬ʵϣвûĻ棬ղŸӦģֻǻйڻһֻҪõ棬͵ۻ֮ģӶĻۡ
ַˣҲйءֻ۳󣬲û
ˣЩܹӦ޷Ӵ޷á
ŷ澭ȴһ򣬴Ӷջۣ档
ַٴγŽ״̬Ѿһξ飬ˣΣַϤܿ͸Ӧһػ档
Żǳ΢ַػ档
ৣ
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ѵ޷棿
ַףӦûл츳ˣһۻ֮ľʧˡȷ棬ַ˵Ȼá
棬ﲻ٣Ǻεȵİõõ۷塢ӣַӡҪǿöࡣ
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츳֮ﻹҪʲô츳ӲҪ˵츳츳Ӧ߱ڻ򡣻˵Իϡ
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Դʯ
ַг˻ԴʯԴ֪ԴʯϸַͺٷԴʯˣϾԴʯһ¶롣
Ի˽⣬ȴǻԴʯĪַ棬ָĹС
ֻĹ򣬼ǿҲ޷ͨá
ֻлԴʯƺеĹ
ǣַó˻Դʯľܿͳ˻ԴʯС
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һ޴Ĺâַ·ܹܵĻ򣬵ȴͬ￴Ϳ塣
棡
ַһϵĳڤ档
ȻԴʯ˱仯·ܶ˴Ļ棬ɽ󺣣ȼſռ䣬ԴʯĿռ䡣
ڴƬĻ֮УʼһŻɫĹâƯڿУ·İء
ӦþǻеĻ
ԴʯУֹСд˵е߻Ϊ߻߲ܳΪ߸ϣٶʥ
Ȼַ岢ʲô߹ֻǸӦ˻֪ԴʯУӦл򣬵û뵽ֻҪ룬ͻĳЩ
ƴĻ򣬾ͳַǰַ֮ȴЩ㱣û飬лԴʯַҲ֪İء
ַҲҪջҪ΢һˣͲջҲղס
ַֻҪúõġӦһˣӦԽۻ֮ľԽкô
ַھ֮У˻ԴʯеĻʱ䡣
ৣ
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Ӧòˡ
ַ˻Դʯʱ䣬ÿʱỵ̈ԺжŻʱ䣬ڻĸӦѾﵽ˼ĵز
û򣬵١˽⡱㹻
ǣַתŷ澭ϵķţ̬ʼÿ飬ûһȻָӦһػ档
ػ棬һתַ£˲ûַڡ
䣡
һɺϴһ·˲͡ȼַڵĻ֮һܵȼա
һַȴΪƾܵȼաϸȴܿЩȼյĻ棬Ȼһضķʽȼš

ַһһҲԥת澭ϵĿھķʽ͵۳һС
ԽԽӴͬ޵׶һл涼֮С
ž
һ˿û뵽֮УвϵתԼһŻһ㣬Ưַڡ
֮ģ
ַ۾ǿŻ֮ģǼ¶һ˿Цݡ


875 Ҫ뿪
ǻ֮ģַ屾ûл桰츳лԴʯŻԴʯ淨׽Ӳַӵ˻桰츳Ӷ۳˻֮ġ
֮һɣͿԴԴϴӻȡ棬֮ĵתɶĻ档
澭ˣԻΪиַ岢Ҫ澭ֻҪˡ
ʵ֮Ҳиߵֵ֮ģߵȼĻ֮ģתЧʷǳߡ͵ȵĻ֮ģֻǿת棬Чʺܵ͡
ܲңַȡɵķʽ۳˻֮ģתʵ̫ˡ
ַ廨˼ʱ䣬۳һƻ棬ȥõȵ£۳㹻Ļ档
Ұ̫ˡ
ַҲ΢΢ҡҡͷôĻ棬ô͵תЧʣֱ˷ʱ䡣ڻ֮ǿԡġ
ֻҪϵƻ֮ģϵǻ֮ľ
ַлԴʯҲȫϣ
ȻѾ۳˻֮ģַҲͷλ֮ȻĴӻջ档
Ѿ˻֮ģַҲͳ׷顣ûнڷջܶ࣬ԣڷչôҩ
ǣͳͳȥͼ۳ڶ춴
ֻϧַ彫ҩﶼȥҲֻõһֳӯĸоȴûܹڶ춴ⲻַЩʧ
ĵ뿪״½ˡ
ַҡҡͷ̾һڻдֻΪʵе۷塣״½괫еİ񹬣ôĻۣȻûַ۳ڶ춴
˵״½ԴʵҲֻôһˣ˵ַ߸춴ˣ¾춴ƶѡ
뿪Ļַ½ںܳʱڣûκν
ַȴ޷ܳʱ䶼ûκνĸоˣַ뿪
뿪ǰַ廹һЩҪȾǺ¹£ں¹ŮĽ磬û񹬣ַٵȴһʱ䡣
ڣлѧַһ飬εļԺСǻѧַ屾ʹܳӡĵʽ
ΪǰʽƺѾַʵˡ
ʽܣȴô˳ַѧѾˡҺз񹬲ڵĻѧַѧٶȼ
ˣַҲʱ䣬úõУܳӡĵʽ
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⣬һ
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ȫµѧͷǳѡʱл𻨣ȴץסץסϸ˼ҲòС
ˣѧҲһһϦ£
ȥɣ
ַվƿ˾Ҵš
ʱڷڣŮĽŷ񹬡ζ벻гһգķʽ񹬡
ÿ˶ϹϾ·Ƿ񹬵ˣ
񹬣ڷ״½κһλͷӰʡͬһɽһ㣬ѹŮʵͷ
ڣɽῪˣӰҲʧˣȴŮֲʵĸоһжģ
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ȻһϤŮʲһַʱС⡱һ£Ȼˡ
ڿַһ̣žһжʵַ漣Ѿַ崴̫̫漣
ˣû뵽ˣϲˣ
ŮҲòŶַ𾴣Ͼݻ˷񹬣ַ弸վƬ½ۣ֮Ƿ״½һˣǼӡ֮ĵλ޵а
ַû˿̵ֻҪ͸¶һķ߷ӿַ£˲ܽһӴΪ״½İ
һʱ䣬ŮЩհǰ˺󣬾һжлˮһĺַôַ彫涼
ûУһ涼ûС
ַں¹ĻʼҲۿѧȵ鼮⡣ַ弸Ⱥ¹Ѿǻ
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ŮʺڲַǷ¹ʲôǺ¹Ƿַ壡
Ůʱ£˽ӹܷ񹬰ɣԺͳΪ¹ܲ󻹿޸󣬼뿪ˣ¹Ҳܰȫ
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Ů͵̧ͷƺһ˹ץסַ廰еĹؼ
ˣ㡭Ҫ뿪


876 ʽӡ
ַû˵ֻǾĿŮʡ
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Ů죬˵Щʲôȴֹƺһ˲ͲһλߵȻˣպյŮˣǱһŮˣһԵŮˡ
ʲôʱ뿪
Ůڿ˵
ʲôʱ˷״½£ʲôʱ뿪ˣŮʣҴȥرɣһЩ챦Ҫúõķ䡣
ַŮʽ˲ر⣬ôĻ챦ǷĻۣŮȴôҲ˲
з񹬵ַҲ޸ʱŮҲաܳΪ¹ܲˣڷ׷帽ٳһͳǳأΪ¹µĶǡ
ַΪ¹滮һУ뿪ǰַ廹Ҫ롱¹ʣµĴ۷ˣǺúõġ̸һ̸׽¹ĺ󻼣һУŮʶƺû̫⣬˶л㱡
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Ůҧ촽ȷַ˵ŮҲã¹Ҳգ״½ַ嶼ֻһ͡

ź¹ĽפԼ֮ǰһЩսԴϢϢҲܿʹ״½
ţưķ񹬣
һЩڴŷعˣҲɵˡھɵҲ֪ûлع飬һǳˡ
ˣ˵죬˾ţȴǸᡣʲôˣϢ˵Ƿǳ𺳵ġ
λ۷ˣޱȵĳĬʵϣĴ۷ˣȴ𺳵ġ
񹬵ĴֺγûгԹ۷˵Ļ涼вοǴ
ڣַˣͼлͷһλֲڣ䲻ʵѾûжˣʤ
Ҳ֣Ĵ۷ޱȵĵ͵Ҳȥ߶ͶڼУ͵Щ˾ȡ
Ĵ۷ˣܲ͵ǰϣз񹬵ĴڣΪ񹬺ǿƣͷӰλ۷ˣҪвҪܵ
Ȼ룬ˣǰ뷽跨Ҫܷ񹬣÷κβǡأ
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һ뿪񹬣λ۷ˣֱ뿪˷״½뵽ããд
ȴλ۷ҳΪ˺¹Ĺ
Ĵ۷ˣߵߣ״½ǿݻˡ¹Ϊ˵֮İ
ڣ¹ֻҪʱ䣬Ľշ״½һΪ״½İҲָտɴ
ڷ״½ϵķûˣȴ¶һ¹Һ¹񹬻һ¹Ҫƿط״½ķ档
ڷ״½ں¹£ᷢչ̶ֳȣȴû֪

񹬣Ѿ˺¹Ļʹ
ַھ֮УԴλ۷ˡλ۷ѡԺ¹λ۷ѡԶ߻磬ԶҲٻ
˺¹ĺ֮Ǻַ㿪ʼչء
ԺиеĻ𻨣ڲϵײţ֯ţΪһУַԺš
ӡĵʽȴʼնûܳɹ
ѵǵǳˣܳʽ
ַüͷȴЩ̫񣬵ʽӡֻǴﵽ۷ѧĲΣԶԶûнӽѧĲΡ
Ҫ֪ѧҲиߵ֣֮ѧ֮Ͼѧ
ĿǰַӡǰʽʵҲֻǻѧֻǻѧеٮٮߣӽѧĳ̶ȶûдﵽ
ַеĵʽѧʵǽӽѧΣȴһֱûܹܳ
ѧַ̣庣ɰٴ񹬵Ļѧ
ΪַҲﵽ۷˵ĲΣȻμ⣬Ҳٮٮߡ
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뵽ַԺһ֪ˣǰܵĵʽǾǿռ֮
ѧѾԶԶĳѧĲΣַ̫ѧ̣ܴǵȲεѧ
뵽ַҡҡͷܵʽ
ѾܵĿ̫󣬸ܳѧǣַͲϵСܵĿȡ
ַԺ뵽۷壬뵽ƴѧ뵽˰ɽһЩҲַԺ˸
ѧ̵ĺôпץס
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ӡΪգһ֮£˲Ϊջֽܾ޴ѹӡҪǿ
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ӡʽѾ޽ӽѧˣַȴѧɻһξ롣
ƾһʽӡַܺɨлˣֻҪûƥǿ챦ǿѧ¶סַһʽӡ


877 磡
ӡĿǰѾʽˣֱǷӡӡӡԼӡÿһʽͬȻԽԽǿ
ңַΪʩչӡֻǷӡߵȻˣ۷ҲС
ʽӡѾľַѧ̣Ҫڶʱܳӡĵʽˡ
뿪ˡ
ַվڷڴôʱ䣬ڷ񹬶⣬Ҫʵӡĵʽ
ӡѾܳɹ˵ʽʱַҲõ뿪ʱ
ַ뿪˾ңһɨ񹬵֡ڷ⣬һ޴ĳǳأ󶼻޽Ѿסߵ顣
ҲȫŮʡ
ŮʵѾ棬ѾͻƵļˣɱ۷Ů˵嶤
һɱ۷ˣŮԼ¹ĵλӵȹ̣ûַ壬ҲǷ״½İ
ಣ
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ַȴʲôûбʾֻǳ̾һŮʱִѳպǰ;飬Ҳǲܡ
ȷ״½ַл⣬пܵĲЩ۷ˣŮʡ
Ůʽ¹һѪһӵִȻˣͷͨһ򣬵ֻҪܹʹ¹ﵽеĵλôŮʾ൱µĺԸ
ֱһӴ֮Ůʵһһǧ˾ȡ
Ůгһգ˻ǻԵټ
ַ˵ֱ꣬ת뿪̤ıϣûоκˣôΪһ⣬ʧʡ
ַʧıӰŮɫӣţɣԵټ

ৣ
һһޣ˻֮С
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Ҳˣ״½ʷУҲŵλڷ״½ϣҪΪжôѡ
Ҳſ˳Ŀ˶ͷ­ڻҲڷ״½ﻵˡһ½Ȼ޳۳ҵĵطˣ뿪˷״½ҲԵ÷ǳĳ졣
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ַҲоˣ֮ǳŨԶȷ״½ŨöࡣڻУããһƬҲֲ巽
ַûгۣıϣȫ񱼡
ߵȻ޵ʵٷӳ츳ٶ֮죬˿ѷɫۣϣҲԶԶǻܱġ
ңһԴ³һâַУ۷ٶȶô죬ַ岻κӰ졣
ַףΪڻбˣӵһͷȷ̫ˡããĻ֮УȻۺ̫࣬ǻеĳǰԤ֪һЩΣյĵطӶܹ
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ޣѾս˲֪ꡣ磬ƺһʱǼַҲ̫
һ죬ʮҡ
ʱٲַͬڵԴҲˣԴĻ֮Уת׼Դ棬ԴڵʱȴѾȥ˼ʱ䡣
ʱٲô󣬻ʲôӰ죬ַҲʱַ˵ûʲôӰġ
ǻ޾ʱʲôӰ죿ο֮ףٿʱҲ׾١
Ϊƽ⣬ַһǲת
֮ĴսַҲ֡
ڣַȴòˣٲ֣¾ͳˡ
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ַħб䷢չ
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ǣѧϰ޵ֶΣѧСǵȫҲ˳һܹеļֶΡ
ȫԣԼǱȻռϷ磬ѹסޡ
޻֮棬Ҳȵ޵ʼ棬ǿĴڡ
ʼĶ֣ڶ࣬ƽӹϧԼѹʼ档
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в֣ͷʼ˳ǵʹѾˡǣַͷ޵ʼ棬ǧħУպҲ޵
źռλǿʼ棬ҲѸٵķܣϵ࣬Ƭ涼
ǲˣ֪С񡱵ĴڣʲôֻԼԼܹıһУԼף
ַҲûв֣ȤĹ۲뿴Щᷢչһ
Уַĸоƺǳߵ汾ʡһЩɣ˽汾ʣԶԶһЩŸӵҪ
ʱٺܿ죬еʱҲ
ʮʱٲ࣬ȥ˰ʱ䣬ҲŹȥʮꡣ
ʮʱ䣬ʵڻҲ߲жԶٶȫҲˣַҲѹûоһ½
ȥʥǣԶߵʥأʥǣ
ֻϧַ֪ʥǵĻᣬ΢΢
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878 
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ڻУ޵ļʵ󣬲Ҳǲ
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ַҲη壬ڵʵûʲôηġ
ѸǰȥܿͿ˻УˣֻͨˣȻһͷ޴ս
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죬Ҫٿ㣬ԮˣǾˡ
òͷ޽磬ٸˡ
ɱɱƴһУɱ
ͷߵȻޣֲ㱻һŴסھҵţ֮ޱȵļͣƾλ˷ĹȻֻˣûбնɱ
ˣʱһ˾Щżˡ

ȻһŴ˲䱻˺ѣ޷ŭһצӱǰһˡ

˷ˣ¶˾ֵɫһûз챦һУǾֻ·һ
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ַǰ
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е治УѹߵĻ½ͨ˶ҪѹһʵЩͨߣûɱɻģǱѹƵģ
ʥ޴½Ҳء
أ
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ץĶͨߣ֡
ΪͨʵϣڻУҲ൱ǿ󡣹һٶȣڲ֮أռơ
ӵдɱ棬Ҫʱۣһ㹻ĻǷǳµģﲻ٣߻ޣвˡ
Ƥǿٶ죬ޱȵĻޣƵġ
޷ŭҪ񣬵ȴӰӶץȫץൽѪۡ
Ҳ˶ѣѪٶ࣬ҲӰޡ
ৣ
ͣĿͷ­ڲϵĻζţһ˿˿ȵϢڻ֮С
䣡
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ãǵ޵£ʱ̫ˣ޵Ѿǰ֧Ԯʮͷϵĵޡ
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879 ʥ޴½
ӣǸϽӡ
˵ϣ׼ߡμƻ൱ðյģҲߵ׼
Ѿˡ
䣬ǰĻУԼһɷ籩籩ϯһͷͷӴĵޣѾΧ
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ַ廰£ƬռһӶŤˣַϵϢһӱʮϰٱͬԶoһ㣬Яΰ䣡


902 ֮⣡
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൱Դ棬ңַܹӳٷ֮ٵǳߣ޶Сκһλߡ
οַ棬ִȵˡ
ԭֱֻǧ꣬ڣʮͷ۷ޣˣҲڷšңֱҲһڰǧ꣬ͷͷ۷ޣֱַǧꡣ
ڣַ棬һǧꡣڹֱ𵱳ոճΪߣʱֱַѾ
ֱ֮˲֪ʮٱӿȵ֮˲ӿַڣַϢڽ
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903 
ջ뿪ˣַû׷Ϊ׷Σǿ֮ӵ
Ҫնɱȴɲʵ
Ϊһ߻ޣǿʵ̫󣬾߱ѹʵпƵֶΣĻҪնɱһͷޣܡ
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漴ַʣµߣǡ

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ǾԵַҲΪǣľͷ֮һˣʧٶĻˣҲһλ


904 
صۡľڣַ鿴档
ַ棬һ㲻ʹãһʹãضַ˶֣ȫı֮Ҳκβ˾
ңӲ֮⣬һЩ֮⻹ַڣܲ࣬ȴ˾޴ƻ
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ķ౾ԴһѣаٺһǿһЩʩչε֮⣬ַпܱ
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ַ忴ۣϥӣдһ˿ء֪ǰλͨӣ֮Ĵ֮׵


905 Ҿǳߣ
ৣ
۾һ˫۾Ψһ㣬ǳ峺ͬʱҲ̺䣬·Ļһ˿ǳ

ƽûоϲҲûκεĸоôƽַҲûκαĸо
·ַܽ忴͸ַ˿ȴûָо⵱Ȼۿ͸飬αȲ޿͸
ַȴûбӵĸоΪûϸַ̽ܣһλ̽ǼΪǵΪ
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ʲô飿
Ҳüͷ΢壬ƺҲû뵽ַ⡣һ뵽ַղ˵Ҳĵ˵ͷ
Ҳһͬ¶֪Ϊ۷ֺķǧʱ䣬ʥ޴½ϵĴһ飬Ӷǡ
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ԭܼ򵥣ڳѵһ̣ʵѾγԼصӡˡ԰Դ棬һ΢С͵Ļ磬飬֮⣬ܻˣߣʮþȣֻҪ䣬顣ҳΪ󣬶Ѹϻ򣬴ӶΪ۷һ
һţǹڻߴʥ֮㲻λʥ𡣴ţλʥ𣬾λʥ𣬶ǳߣ
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ַ־˿ԺҲȻը죬ͬһһ㣬Ժ˲һƬհס
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ң߼ʮþ飬Ϊ󣬻ܳΪ۷һ˵ߵˡ
۾΢΢һУĿ·𶴴һУЦЦ˵ʵһλߣҲ˿ˡ
ĿⶴϤһУַ˿̵ģҲһЩ²⡣
Ҿǳߣ
ַعһȴҲƽ˵


906 ж
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ַ׿ڳϣƵϣҲ̲ס¶һ˿ݡ֮ǰ²ǲ²⣬ַ׿ڳϣֲһ
Ȼǳ֮߰ǰҾ˵֮սһЩ̫šϾжǿҿǺģҺ;սҲʤˡһλսһƽɫ
ˣߣǲϴ漣ߡ
ҡҡͷҲ¶֮͡ɫʶ˵ߣߣ⻹ǵһΡ
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ַҲƽȴԽԽԾᵽĳߣƺַ棬ȫһ
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ֲͬĳѷ
ڣַ巢֣ͽֻ֪һֳߣ֪ǸûУ
ʥ޴½г𣿡
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ַҲǴﵽĿģǣת뿪ĸۡ

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ˣַҲԼƣǸ򲻵ѣܱ١
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棬ӦòӰ쵽顣ҪҲһҪ
棬뾡취չ⣬ַѰ߸춴һһ߸춴һһ̡
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907 
Ǵ⣬ȻһͷȳΪַһֱЩڡַ𽥱ǿҲԽԽӦˡ
ڵַԭΪַ
ߣ൱ڻеĻޣ߸ϣεԾǨһԾǨôͨǸߵȻֻ۷㲻ϵԾǨ
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˳ΪǵǱҲˣʱǵߣ»ﲻλȨȻҲԽ˵һ˿ᣬôԴӶ顣
ܳô룬ַ彫񽻸󣬾߽˴Сոַ߽͸оĿ⼯ϡ
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Ӧģ޵Ļ֮ҲҪǿ̫̫ģɱǵĻ֮Ӷնɱܡ
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908 նޣ
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ʥ޴½Ȼûߵķʵǲ˼顣ϸ룬ƺҲô˼顣
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909 ǰ
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˵ʲôɰˡǽ֪Щ޴սٴˣȴûпκһͷ䡣
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ַҲԥ̸ÿλˣԼһֵķֻ֮ǸԴһ֣ҪƳ޵Ǹܡ
ַֻһˣ޵Ĳ֮
ַ崫޵Щ۷ˣޱȵ𾪡
ȻǷ󣬴˵еĻ編󣡡
ֱʣǴֱʰл˾編󣬵ȴһֱԸ⴫ڸǣû뵽ӵл編󡣡
ѹĴôʦڣ編жǿ
˶ĳȣ編Ҳֻ˵ʥ޴½編Ϊ˴˵
оϲȻҲǡ
Ƕߣջ編ٶȺܿ졣ֻʱϾȫˡ
ãھһ޵ƣ
ַվԼռȶλãʼ޵


911 Ϊ
ʵַҲǵһβ޵ǰֻǧħо޵ǧħɴ
ַʵˮǴߣѾò޵ˡ
һȴһλɴʮһλ۷ˣһɺεǿ
˶ַ崫ڵķֶΣʼ޵ÿһλˣַ崫ڵĶһҪӡ֤Ͳܡ
ַУƿ֮
䣡
һ˲䣬ַ뵽޵֮Уûд߶󣬽ֻ˷ַĸӦ˿̷֪֮ǿ˺̶ֳȣеЩļ¡
ɱ
ַһַߣֻҪˡʱַһȭֻͨһȭ˲˺˿ռ䣬ռ䶼򱬣γһ޴
⡭
˺ѿռˣ
ֲʵֲ̫ˣλ֣Ҳ޷˺ѿռɡ
ĴޣҲô׾˺ѿռ䡣
ռ䶼򱬣˶ǰһЩ˿ɲͨߣǶ۷ˣȻҪ˺ѻռжôѡ
¶
ַսʱǾʩչ֮⣬Ҳֻǳһ˿˿ĺɫѷ죬ǽֻѷ죬ԶԶڣַ֮һȭͺһ޴Ŀռڡ
ȻռҲܿպϣָȴܴӲ֤ʵ޵֮£жôĿֲ
д˷ﺦޣ
Ц
޵оȣʵֲ̫ˣԶԶԭΪֻǳһû뵽ֹһ㣬Ѿʮϡ
ڣѾ̸ܲնɱޣնɱͷ⡣
޵ҵ󡣿֮ǰƶļƻҪһˣеĻȡͷһ򾡣ֻ壡
Ŀ˸һ˿˿ľâʵ̫ˣҪնɱͷޣ֮ǰ붼
ڣȴ뷨ͷϧƶƻ
ҲǲԣúıһЩߣնɱǾˡ
ַҲ룬ƺҲǲܡ
Ȼֻܾܲնɱͷޣÿҵǽ飬һĿ꣬ӥʨϣܹУٶ죬ޣǻ׷ϣֻӥʨһߣ޿κΡ
ĴҲʼ飬Ҫ뽫ͷ޶նɱĴ壬Ǿͱúõıһ

ǣ׷׽ϡ
ûκһλ뿪ǣǷ쳣İ
ƽıӿ˶ʶԼһҵķ籩ҪϯǡȻ˵ıĺܺãЩͨߣﻹʶԾ
һʱ䣬ʷ׷ױɹûжͨڴϻơˣƺ˲١
鱨׼ȷ𣿡
ַ嵭ʵ
˿ַ̣塢鼫Լֽʮһλ۷ˣѾ׼׵ˡ
ĴҲź˺֣һնɱ˻ޣռƣôھͻԴԴϵĻˣǣĴ巢𹥻
鱨׼ȷȥ̽ӥʨһ壬ڽ׸ӥʨƷӥʨһĴͳֻӥʨܹܼƷʱ䣬Ҳӥʨһɾʱ򣬾߶ࡣ
ַ˵ͷô꣬Ȼ˼Ϊ׵鱨ӥʨڲҲһ
Ǻãֱնɱӥʨ
ַҲûκԥ֮ǰѾ̶ˣսʱַָӣһΪҲַ
Ͼַ޵впܳ⡣ˣȫַ
ַΪĴ֮һҲʸ

ַһ£ƺƵĶǳˣһĻҲزס
ǡɣ
ֹ鼫ֽ
Ϊ׵ƺµĵλԸҪʲô
λˣţ۷ˣƣƺšսĴ¶˾ģҪĻ޴ս˰
ֻǲ֪λѡһֻ޴ս۾˻ӥʨޣ
ôƣȷֵ÷зҲûа취ڣûл޵ĶĿֵٷзҲЩ޵ĶС


912 ѹӥʨ
ַԼλ۷ˣݵȷǿ󡣵ͬҲһ㡣
ʵַ嵹ǿԽЩԼˣս浱УͲʲô̫Ķ
ַܣɲⱩ¶ο˭֪ǿԼô۷ˣ뵽֮У᲻ַӰ졣
ⶼǲԤ֪أַɲðա
Ȼһ㣬ǵٶ㹻죬ΪӥʨܼƷԵʣҲ࣬һֱӥʨϳﷶΧ֮ڣȻûб֡
ξӥʨߣˣһִ֮󣬾̲󣬽ӥʨϳ
ַ˵Ҳ˵ͷ
޵󣬿ɲǹҪģķ󣬷ν޵һҪѳȥͷǳˡ
ʱӥʨأӥʨӥʨ׼Ʒӥʨ޵Ĵͳ
ӥʨͼΪӴӥһͷʨӣŭɢһɿ񱩵ϢԴһͷʨӣӥһ˫޴ĳ򣬴˿ſڵϣ΢۾ƾӥʨ޽ϼƷ
ֻҪĸƷͻֱſɡ
ڵϣġӥʨ۾ĶҲŵùԲ֪˶ټƷö
ৣ
Ȼмͷӥʨ޷˹ӥʨ˵˼䡣
𡭡
ӥʨһɢſֲϢ籩һ㡣ſ˫ᣬһ˷
ߣõΧɱңҾǣ
ӥʨȻŰҲɵͬʱǵһʱû޵ֶΣΧľѶ
Ĵ壬Ȼƽʱ˴˶˳ۣڶԴߵϣĴ޿ɶĬ
ĻһһĲƽĴ壬ɵǾΧΧ
Ĵ壬Ҳֻⷽ΢һĬ볹ϣͬԸǣڳ˵Ρ

һ·𴵹ӥʨ޵ء
ԶУһͳ󣡡
䣡
ʱʮһλˣټλһʱ俪ʼ޵һַͣԲ֮ء
ӥʨ޵أͲڻ¡

ַм䣬޵ĳַͣо޾ԶԶԼǿʮ񶼿ʹָ㣬׵ĵ
䣡
ټ޵˲סӥʨ޵أֱӽ١
ӥʨϳУͷӥʨޣǻޣǰ޶١һĿ¶׹⣬Ķеַһˡ
ӥʨΪޣһθоЩԾ
ˡѡ鼫Լֽͬʱֵ֮١ͬʱ֣Ҳܡ
˭֪ӥʨٶ˫λΧɱͲܣοͷһ
ӥʨ
¶һ˿Į
ߣ
ӥʨһĽɲ٣˫ǡѡˡ
ֻӥʨһͺ𣬱ϵ˫͵һչ˲գֲϢӥʨɢ
ಣ
ӥʨ˫һȣڿն𣬻Ϊһ⣬ٶȼֱľˣ۸޷ӥʨӰֻþܿҾ޷
ӥʨĳ򣬷·һ˿˿ķϵٶޱȣһ׷ӥʨѣ˵նɱˡ
һΣַ˿ǲ޵
޵
ַһʱ޵ʼѸٵΧͬʱ֮ʼַĵ֮£ӥʨѹȥ
䣡
ӥʨȻоƺԽԽˣͬشɽһ㡣ǻޣѹҲЩԲ
Ҫǣٶȼˣǰʮ֮һٶȶ
ô£
ӥʨЩʧûô¡
ѵǻ챦
ӥʨЩɲǻ챦ƻ޵жûޣǿĻ챦Ҳ޿κΡ
ٶȣĳЩϵ򣬻챦޷ס
ˣ
ַ忴ӥʨٶԽԽҲ¶һ˿Цݡ޵ողóȻ׶ԻãַҲûס
ڣӥʨɶɲˣͬѹشɽٲά裬˵޵ˡ
ɲô
ַͬԶoһ㣬޵󸲸ǵĵطžԵƿһץԲ֮صĴ֮ȫۼ͵һȭ
Ĵʮһλ۷˵ǿһؼĳֹ֮ޱȾˡ
ӥʨ޵ѹס˵ˣһѡ
籩
ӥʨܵввжޱȵľšҿ϶һַһ£Ļֵ֮ס
ˣһ˫һ˿˿ɫâ˷ϵһɿֲĻ籩
ӥʨ޵츳ͨҲӥʨƴֶˡ


913 ˣ
䣡
籩ϯ˲ƬգԲ֮أͳͳǿֲķ籩
ӥʨ޵츳ͨһӥʨޣֻһСɵĻ籩ӥʨɱ˻ޣޱĳֻ籩Ǽֱǵأǿÿ¡
ַ壬ǵصĻ籩ʱжһĿȫһȫһΧǲ壬޵ʹ˵áĶ۷ˣܲܿסôֲĻ籩˭Ҳûаա
ǿסַҲӥʨܡ
޵Ϊһֻȭͷݺݽ١޵Ľӥʨһ¶ѣ˵ˡ
ַһȭ͸˻籩䵽ӥʨϡ
ʱӥʨҽһûޣ֮𣬵һȭ֮£Ȼһ󶴣֮ϻһƣͬһ㣬Ŀġ
ͬʱ籩ҲϯХķ籩ݺݵĺ޵ϡ˶оһûе֮֮£ַ嶼о֮ܵ˾ҵ𵴡
޵ߣԵԴԴϵֵס֮߸춴ȫֵܹ
鼫ֽҲֵܵ˵˴󣬾һһҲܿס۷ˣһĻ΢΢һȻЩ޷ס𶯡
ַѸٵ֮Ѹɻ籩Ļ˵һ籩ܽ޵
ǻޣȻÿһͷ޶С
ַһݣ֮ǰȷЩСӥʨˡ޵ǿǿַãնɱӥʨ
Ҫ֪ǿһͷޣĴκβ˵Ĵڡ
ڣӥʨľطַ徯裬ַ޵ļӳ֣ҪնɱһͷޣҲôס
ס˷ַӥʨ
˿̵ӥʨȷңĻ֮ȻҲܵش޵Ĵʮһλ۷˵ɲô׳ܵġ
ˣӥʨҲֵסҪָû̫ʱ䡣
𡭡
ӥʨܵвŭһ̺ſ־塣
ӥʨƺܵӥʨΣմҲ׷ŭ׷ʩչ˫ᣬһ˿˿ɫâ˫ϣһɹɵĻ籩
Ȼͷӥʨޣ׷ʩչ籩ЩͨӥʨޣӥʨʩչĻ籩޷޵
Ҫ֪޵ӷڱȽȫķ˷ƾʵû̫á
Ʒ
ӥʨӴ΢΢һͣƺѳ޵ҲֻʱѳһŭһЩӥʨ޳һ£ȴûг̫ʱ䡣
Ȼ׷׵ӥʨ
ͣ
ӥʨһţȻֱӾһͷͷӥʨޡ
ţӥʨޣָ
ַɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ӥʨֶΡɻޣӶǿ
ʱӥʨӥʨѪŻеӥʨޣԶʥޡֻһ˿˿ѪӥʨޣԶ޷Ϊʥޣȴ̳һӥʨʥ޵ǱͬѪɣܲͣǿʵ
ԭӥʨڲϵµģӥʨǿһӥʨޣԳ
ַˣӥʨޱǴӻѡǿߣӥʨġˣӥʨԲϵӥʨ޻ָ
ַӥʨóѣ
䣡
ַ޵֮˲ѹסӥʨޣӥʨѹС࣬ȴûκһͷӥʨ޿ԳΪƷӥʨˡ
ͬʱַ֮һţһͷͷӥʨ޶Ųƽ֮УѸٵ
޷ӻ磬ȴҲֱͱԴʹ治ͣţȴܱӥʨ
𡭡
ӥʨǳŭŸո˴ӥʨޣָһЩٶ˫һչʩչ˻籩
籩ϯַ˾飬ܿȶס޵
Ӳ
ַ޵һȭ¡
㷨֮ѹӥʨϣֱþٲά衣л籩Ҳ޷ӥʨĴ
䣡
һȭӥʨоҪըһ㣬Ѿ˱ıԵ
ŭţĵڵѪֻ֮ϧȴʼ޷ѳ޵
ۿӥʨѾһϢ˱ıԵ
Ȼַо޵ھҵţͬʱһҫ۵Ĺâƿն
֮⣡
ַһݣ֮⣬Ϥˡ
Ǿ
ַüͷһ壬֪֣֮ǾһǾˡ


914 Ĵޣ
ȷϵˣһ֣һ֮⣬޵öѡ޵ֻΧռơڶķڡ
湥޵󣬵ȷ׽޵ơַβõ޵ĴԼʮһλ۷ɣʵܲĻһ֮⣬˺Ѵˡ
¡¡
˾ַ廹һͬʷǰһ㣬ǾǹḶ́ļ¡
һͷţţĻޣһֻŽɫļǣϣַҲܲ³Էǽ
Լټϱ޵סѾһϢӥʨĴѾˡ
ӥʨ
˵
ޣҲΣ޵Χͷޣһ񹥻޵ܹ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ַҲûס
ֻϧûܽӥʨ޳նɱĻնɱһͷӥʨޣǶԸ޾Ҫˡ
ڣӥʨޣޣַ˸ܵеΣմС
ô죿ܿסܿסǽ߾ȫȽӥʨնɱ
ĴʵϵزڵĴЩ̫ѾһϢӥʨʵЩ̫İ
ˣǾֻҪܿסҪȽӥʨնɱĻλᣬ´õĻᣬɾϼˡ
ַҡҡͷѣǼȫնɱӥʨôιܳ˺޵˵ܰȻʮһλ۷ˣ¾Σˡ
ô죿
Ҳû⣬ʵǵľϣʧʮһλ۷ˣҪնɱӥʨ
ʧȥʮһλ۷ˣǻ޵Կͺˡοִַ֮ˣӦַ¡
ô죿ʵܼ򵥣棬޵޷棬Ĵʮһλ۷ɵ޵δĴһս
ַ͸¶һ˿ᶨ
˼ҪͬʱԸĴޣ
Ҳַ֮⡣
ͬʱԸĴޡ
ַĿأҲͬʱս⣬ĴΣĴ֮ټʮһλ۷ˣԼ޵֮
Ĵޣ
ã֮ȻնѾ˺ƤӥʨҲһϢ򲻿ɰ;ϣƴһѣ
ƴһѣܳɹǾܳնɱĴޣĴɨһգɱ갲
ˣǾͶְɣ
ַͬķ뷨
ַõ֧֣Ҳʮһλ۷ˣλˣˣգһɱĴޣ
ǣַ͵ĵ޵֮˲䳯Χš
޵
䣡
ַ廰£޵Ѹٵţգۼŵ֮أԼЩԶЩֲ޵С
ţ뽫Ҳס֣
ַͼǣޣʩչֶΣҪѳ޵
ַҲأ޵źܴķΧΧһô޵ȻҲͻ½
ڼҲͷ޹ٶȡ
ڣֻӲ
֮⣡
֮⣬Ϊһâգݺݵĺ޵֮ϣ޵˶һ
Ҳ˶ѣ޵棬޵¡οַ廹лˣԼޱıǿ
ƣ
Ľ˸ŽɫâĽǣ޼᲻ݣһɽ壬Ҳױݻ١ַʩչ۷壬½һܽ۷ݻ١
Ľ֮ҲӲ
أ
ݺһ޵ھҵţ˶һһص˲䴫˴ˡ
ַ壬о˼ѹ
ǿĽǣ޼᲻ݣȻ鴫
ַһݣȻСκһͷޡ츳ͨʵ̫£ôһַ涼ᱻ˺ѡ
ԽĹ޵ȴֵסˣסˣ
йƽʱһһʱܹʮֿ¡ƳϣĴȴû̫ãвԶԶ;ӥʨ硣
סˣ
ַһϲڣֵˣ
޵գ
ַһͺȣʱ޵ʼգҪƾ޵󣬽Ĵ޶һ򾡣


915 ӥʨ䣡
ˣ
޵޵ҲԽԽǿ
ͬʱԼӥʨۼһͷޣ϶вѹ·𱳸һĴɽһ㣬ޱȵĳء
ӥʨǿ಻ԣһϢءоȻ޵ľԮһЩϢĻᣬ˶̵ʱڣܽȫָ
ˣͷޣӥʨѾΪǣֻʣͷޡ
̧ͷ˿գַ壬ֽԼ鼫۷ˡ
һʱ䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲѾЩԤС
ʦڣ㳲ڱصˣ
˵
ҵȴǽվ͵ڴˣ뿪ˣ
ַһ޵һ߲ϵŴ֮ݺݵѹͷޡ޵ԽԽ죬ԽԽʹָĴޣҲ˿塣
Ƿ󣬴˵еĻ編ǾȻõ˻編󣿡
͵뵽ʲôһ˿塣
編ֻ봫˵еĻ編󡣳˻編벻ʲôͷޣоѹٲά衣
֪Ѿˣ
޵һ̶ʱַͣСΧ޵ǿģڣոʱˡ

ַ޵顢ʮһλ۷˵ȫԴԴϵĻַһϣȫӳַϡ
ַϵϢҲڲϵţﵽĳٽ㡣ڵ߸춴·ҲڡҲڡڡ
ǰδеоַ嶼һ¡šǻ֮ţź󣬾ǻ򣬻ıʡԴͷͽߣ·־ܴ
֮⣡
Լӥʨʩչ˻籩Ҳ֪ƴʱˣڲƴԺûᡣ
¡
ֲݺݵײһ޵ߣ޲һ𣬸о֮·Ҫܲסﵽٽˡ
ͣ
һЩˣһڽɫѪ֮УҲǻܵشʣڸղţַĴӲƴһǣ󲿷ֻ˶ܵش
ǲܣЩܡ
ŭһĵ˵£ϸ飬һƣĿġ
ҲͬܣĽǣ޼᲻ݣȴ޹⣬˵ɫ⣬Եð޹⡣
ˣԵήҲڵš
ڻӥʨ֮ǰܵشһӲӲУǲҽһǿ˲䱻˺ѡ
Ϣתۼʧˡ
ûޣݺʥ޴½֮õӥʨʹ䣬ʬ޴棡
ˣӥʨˣ
ӥʨˣɹˣ編ɹˣ
ǵĴ֮һӥʨ䣬Ӵˣӥʨһ壬ʹʥ޴½г
ӥʨ䣬ַ廹ֻ۷ˡܸܴأȴޱ˷ܡ
ˣһͷˣǻ˺ܴһԺĸоȻǻ編ܻ˵ɳˮɺӣӶƽʱ޷¡
û޵Ĵ֣նɱӥʨ
ֻϧӥʨʬ޴棬ַҪʬӱԴûлᡣĻַ»ܼš
ӥʨʬ޴³׵ޣǾԷ
䣡
ͷޣƴǾǽֻǹ۷ԶԶӥʨҪǿöࡣ
һƴܵش޵󣬶ѾҪ֧Ųסˡ
Ŀ
ʩչĿһ֮⣬ͬһ㣬к
֮⣡
Ľǣ޼᲻ݣҲ߶Ѫģ޵
йһŴ·һУӴ޵ϣҲȫܵס
޵ͷ·еСһƮҡڲϵĻζš
ͣ
һλ۷˱ٱ
꣡
ڣһλ۷ˣܲס˾ҵĳ֮ѣʱ޵󣬾̰ͬһ㣬һССѷ졣
ѷ죬޵ٳ
أ
ͷ޷Ĺ޵еһ۷ˣֲ֮顣
תۼ䣬ͳ˰λ۷䡣
Щ۷˿û飬һ䣬Ǿˣ
סˡ
ַĿЩʣȴ޷ά޵
䣡
ڣл˻һɳȥ漴޵ҲȻ


916 涴춴

޵۷䡣صĽӥʨˣۣνߴȫʤ
ϾѰʱ򣬱˵ʧ˼λ۷ˣʧʮλλ۷Ҳһλ޵䡣
ַȴ⣬μƻ뽫Ĵȫնɱȴֻնɱһͷӥʨ
ˣˡ
編󣬾ȻҵǱڻ編ǻʲôֶֹǣ
ɱɱЩͳͳɱ⣬йͷ֮ޣ
Լַ˺֮ǡɱѵɱЩˣ
ݣ
һ֮⣬͵ĳַ˺Щ۷ˣֵ֮ûУǱ֮У˲ͻҷ𣬻Ϊ˻ҽ
ҲʩչֶΣֶͨΣǵأͬɽһ㣬к
λ۷ˣΣÿһ룬λʮλ۷䡣
ƣ
˷ŭţ飬ûл編ҲѷɫκλޡֻϧͷޱȵĽթͲ˾רɱ¾Щ۷ˡ
۷ӣӵù֮ٶȣ
նɱͷޣǸǲܡ
ַۼ˵ƣݺݵ˹ϣҲֻùһ𣬻֮Ѹٵľͻָˡ
û飬ǵȴԶǿ̫̫ˣѰǼλΧһͷޣҲκεͷޣ˵һιˡ
ӡ
ַҲû˿ԥ̱߸춴ʱ߸춴֮Ϊѹ£ͷ޺ȥ
䣡
ֻǣһδεķ飬ȴ˶˲ޡǾҲãǹҲգǽַĹ޹ʹûκá
ץס˻ᣬ˲ַǰ֧ɢ⵭ɫâĶǣ޼᲻ݣﲻƣַ嶼ļµĸо
ݣ
ĽǣΪһ⣬ַݺݴ˹
һַ̣ĪĿֲ·һ㣬Ľǣ޼᲻ݣﲻƣȾĿҪֲ
潵٣
ַ弸ǵһʱ䣬ڵ֮
ڹֱĿ棬ȫ֮˲ַڱַı󣬳ֳһ޴Ӱ·̺һ޾硣
֮߸춴Ⲣ
۷壡
ַΣգսʱûйĸоĴ޵Уʵֻŵڶ
ĵһǽ
ֻǣӼ¶ٺ٣ֻнֱʱֲܸ֮ܵԷ츳ͨʵǿ¡
䣡
Ǻݺһ۷弸һɲǶûеֵס
꣡
ˣ۷峹飬ڷ״½֮õɽ񱻽һȻ飬Ƭܷɽ
ַĺͷŭΪѾ͸۷壬ݺݵײϡ
ͣ
һ˵ĸо˵ж󣬵ҲãԶȲϾӽϣݳһĴ͸˲䴩ַط
棬Ҳһ̣·𱻶
¡¡
ַ񱬷漸ɽһڷڣֱɡ
ַȥ𣬽ȴ۾·ЩšĽ޼᲻ݣﲻƣôַã
ʵϣǽǶַãѾ˺ܴá
ַ棬Ѿһַ̣ڵ˲䱩ңַδܹصʧ
֮Ѿһ˿˿ɫĹâεȶס棬Ŀסı
汻֪˶ôеѡַҲȻ治޵УܵģҲпܱġ
ַ汻ٵַȶס棬ȻܸӣʵϽֻһ˲䡣
ҽĽǣֻǶ棬ַַͬĻԪ֮ҲѾٱȫ֧֮š
ڶһɲǣַڵ߸춴ҲܵصĴ
߸춴Ѿʧȥƽ⣬һĻ춴ʼ񱩣Ҫɢһ춴ɢַҪۣ²֪ˡ
һɢַ廹ܲۻ춴һ
Ƕַǰ·
һַ̣û˿ԥдֲҲдԵһַ̣һУԴ߸춴顣
䣡
߸춴Ȼ飬һַ̣ѾתŻԪ澭ʹ߸춴һΨһ߸춴İ취Ǿ߸춴һ飡


917 鵮
ԭַҪѰһʧ
ϸ֮·һʧܰٷְٰգ
ǵַ棬飬ôаٷְٵİգ汻춴֮£ַֻܵϣֱӷ춴߸춴һתԪ澭ȡ顣
߸춴飬ַԺһƬհסڿ񱩵·ûκԼǧ֮һɲǣַоֹܶһʱ侲ֹܵһӰ
ַԺпʼ־һʼĸǵ䣬ս֮·ֳѣɱɻ
ֻѧ֣ƺַСʼм俪ʼеļ䣬еľͳͳһ顣
̺ƺһʱ䣬ֻֻһɲǣַԺлһ棬һĻĻ
һĻĻĳһĻ棬ַһУЩ䣬Щ֮С
ںҪ
Ҫַ嵱˻ںܹߵ۷塣
Դʯֻ棬ЩҪ
ȻҪַͬһ棬һĻĻһȻҪȫɸᣬЩ֮ַ
ֻһĻ棬ֻһĻĻĳֻĵεΣֻȱļ䣬ַ
䣡
ַԺо𶯣м䣬·ܵ޾Ŀʼѹ
һһΣѹһ㣬㣬ƺ㲻ںڰУɢӨӨĹԣҫַ·
ַȻĸıʡֻҪԣַǱˣǶһ޶ַ塣
飬飡
ַȻʣΧһУȴһ»ָ˹л˵Ĳҽо¾
飬ûо춯أûΪǽֻһһһҵԼıԴҵԼĸ
飬ַˣҲҫַ壬һԼ
飡
Ҳʣ־֣͸飬ַܹܵУĹ
򣬿ĸоĻ֮ģҲһַ̣ܵ
𣡡
ַ⶯ޱĻ˲ͳַǰֱַò·̺İء
У֮ķŻ棬ѸٵתΪ˻档ﲻٵĻ档Чʱǰֹʮٱ
飬ޱϻֻ飬п򣬲ܽ
ַΪζǿ󣬾ǻ
޷ҲܽĳЩʹԼʵޱȵǿ󡣱鼫Īˡ
ֽҲˣӦýֻ׶ΣֻܽһСֵĻ
ⲿֻ޷Ի̫в
ַ岻ͬڵһ̣ͷ·һ㣬ޱȳĸоƺӦôﵽľ硣
ϾǴʼ֮棬ٵأԼһ棬ǵ֮ʼ淨ְأġ
˵淨ʲôͬǾǵЩ߷ıԴͬ
淨汾ԴģַƲ⣬Ӧþǻ籾Դַ汾Դ˽͸ȴԻ籾Դһ㶼˽⡣
ҪƿػҲôסȴԶԶ鼫Լֽǿöˡ
ˣַ弸һʱ䣬󣬾Ѿû򣬽֮Ѹٵ˼ȼ
ʹ֮ڣ˴Ļ档
ûʲô̫ôﲻ٣ֻǻ۵棬κβЩޡ
ʱַ飬һûʲô󣬿ǳƽ
ͷޣоЩ̫һˡ
ӡ
ַһĳ
䣡
ֻǼ򵥵ķӡ޵ƤҲƣڣַٴʩչȴޱϷӡе⾳
ѧ⾳⾳ﵽ£Ǿǹ
緭ӡļ£ʵ򣬻߿ռ
ַ˿̣ʩչӡʮʮ
ת޹⣬ַһƷ·ضתһ㣬޴һֻ۵Ĵ룬Žݺݿ¡
⧲֮£Ȼһӿסݺݵҽ˵档
⡭
ô£Щ̫һˡ
̫һĲ̫һˣϢ飬飿
ʲô˿̵飿
λʧɫսУһУ飬ɱΪʵ̫˼ˣʹʶ㣬Ҳδ
ַϵϢƮݣƺ֡ԴĸоǾ飬׷ԴΪ飬˵ַѾҵԼĸԼıʡ
ӴˣַǺһʣ粻ƣ


918 սᣡ
𡭡
ַһĽ˵ĽޱȵķŭûޣһߣǵԵսҲѷɫ
΢ռһϷ磬ƾǿǣҲ˿塣
˿̣ȴַһĽ˵棬澡ʧ
ˣǳķŭһ˫۾ͬͭ㣬Ķַ壬ɢѪϢַȴΪǼƣһơ
ӡ
¡
һƣұȷӡҪǿֵ֮ûУֱӾֱĽ˵£¶һ޴ӡ
Ҫ㣡
ŭɷ֮죬۾Ѫ죬͵ĴӿӶڷ˳ֱĳַȥ
ӡ
ַֻһգʱܵĿռһӱóϣ·𱳸żɽٲά裬ڿеҲһӵ˵ϡ
ǿѹŽȫýʹ಻ʹַʩչӡܲڣȴҲκβ˽
ӡ
һƣ·ܵĿռ䣬һΣյĴ֮Сӡӡýٲά裬һ¶úķѾ޴
꣡
ͷĽǣ˸ص˲˺ַʩչӡӡػɡ
ַüͷ΢΢һ壬޹ȻܲöԸףҪնɱ̫̫ѡѾɾ飬߶ӡһʽ޲ʮʮ
޷ɱ
ַ岢û٣һĳһȴӡĵʽҲĿǰַǿѧӡ
䣡
ܵĿռ䶼·Ƶģһӣһ󶴡һ൱ַ޵󣬵ȫһ
ڹϣѾﵽһֲĵز
Ҳһ˲ΣյУ˺ѣͷĽǣ˺ַķӡæֻĻ˳
ѾӷŭľˣЩ־塣
Ͳһ㣬ˡ
ַ޶ԣ黹Ե÷ǳƽʵһ̣߶ӡǷӡǷӡѾﵽΡ
ǱһѧҪǿ󣬿˵ʵѧ
ַһֱûŪףʲôѧΪҲûзĹѧֻһֱܡ
Լܣܹܳѧʵȴܡѧ£Ͳܵĳ
ܳҲ޷ʩչ
ΪѧҪ߶ܷӳǿĻܹõһЩѧû飬ӳ»ԶԶһĻѧ
ַ嵱ȴ֪ѧİأֻǴӻѧ֣ϵĻѧ̣һһεۡ
һֱ뾡취ѧӵһʽӡӡڶʽʽʽһֱʽķӡ
Ѿ޵Ľӽεˡ
ַͲ֪ܳķӡӡӡӡԼӡζʲô֪ʽѧµ⾳
ֲÿһʽ¶ܳƵϵȵѧ⾳ǿѧеٮٮߡ
߶ǿµ¡
еķӡһ֮£շ飬Ĵʮһλ۷ɵ޵һʽѧ⾳жôǿ
⻹ԶԶַԺиָͷжڻײţŷһ˿˿л𻨡
һֱַ嶼ԼԼƺоеʽӡǾѧָоƺҪܳˡ
Ͳôһ㣬ǰַΪѧַ̲Ĵսȫ߶ӡʽȴַܳʽĸо
ƺѧ̲ԭ
ղţַ嵮飬߶ӡʽʱַһָصĸоƺһʶӡʽһ
߶ӡʽȻַ嵱ЧȫһֱոµѧҲǻѧѧ
ң߶ӡʽַԺбŷʽҲĳͣҲ޷ס
ʽͽսɡ
ַ۾һ̣ԺУѧ̣ȫΪһʽ֮ǰӡʽеѧȫΪһʽ
䣡
һƣһƣ񺭸أգ·ǳ䣬ŻĲ
һʽӡǰʽӡӡӡӡӡ·ͳͳС
Ǽɵһʽսһʽ
ַ֪һʽ֮Ҳ޷ܳʽˣΪһʽѾսһУӵһʽʼʽγһѭӿʼ
ϣǾͲѧķˣǻ
ˣһʽַѧߵһʽսַԺУѧ̵һʽ
ƽƽһƣڽУȴƺ˷޾޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
գֻܱһ֡
ܡ
ŭֳӴֻϧһûô춯أһƮƮ£ȫͷ·ĭһ㣬һƣڶ̶һɲǵʱ䣬ͳ׻Ϊ˻ҽ
ûޣĴ֮ףȾҪǿĽˣ


919 
ʲô
ˣһĻʵֻǺ̵ܶʱ䣬һʱ䶼ûСͿַƽƽһ£ͲҽŻΪ˻ҽ
Ǿǹֻֽˣ𾪲ѡǿûޣܹѹסնɱͲܡ
ֽˣھͽѹסˣûʲôã˶˲СľķΪһǿµ֮⣬ܴܿݻ˵Ļ֮
ɲȻޣ֮Ƚһݻ٣Ǿֻתޣǡһˡ
ڣǿʲôַ嵥һˣһƣͽĴǿĽնɱˣʬ޴棬ֱӻΪ˻ҽ
ַ飬߶ѧҲôǿ
˼飬ǲ˼飡
޶նɱ˵ҵУҲʲô
ǰʲô
Ǻ°ľס͹һҪЩһ򾡣
ַһ֮նɱˣо̾ϲҲһЩįȻַնɱޣǲҲնɱ
һֱһĴʵһ΢ƽ⡣ǿҲǿޣκβκһλ˵նɱˡ
ڣַճȴƽ⡣ͷŵһѵ˭Ըͷһѵ
Щ̫֪ڸʲôвǻޣˣᣬҲƴס͹
ͷޣٶĻޣˣǵһʱд󾪣̾׼ߡκٶ̫ҲĹסͷޡ
ַĿת˹ޱ飬ֻĮ
սᣡ
һƮƮ£ͷޡ
ʱǾǹо·صѹǵϣ·һƣ̺İء
Ǿַ彻ַ֣֪ӡʽһУӡʽӰӡ
оޱȵϤʽӰӣȴоҲ޷ѣĴֲо
ҳҾһԸ⳼

ţ
ַȴΪЩޣûаտơ㳼ַҲûа취аռԦ
Ͼǻ۵£ЩޣȴǸǴ󿪣˿ѷɫߡַնɱǣʱ䣬˵ǾˡԻ˵ʲô壬ʲô̶ûԼҪ
ʥ޴½̫ǿӵʲôطַѰңˣʱĳֻǲԣֻ뱣
ԣҹһҲ
ҲӦ˹̱ʾַһ̫ˣов޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
ƺû˿ȫġ
ѧ
֪ǵУ˿ַʩչѧģԶԶܹƵġ
ͷû޶ģֽ鼫и̾ѡ
ʥ޴½ʮʱ䣬￴ģ´򲻹ҲߣǳʵԶЩޣҲκβЩޡ
û޶ĵģǱضû޿ӣܹնɱޡ
Ĵڣʥ޴½ָһĴڡ
û뵽ַոճɾ飬Ѿܹûģնɱޣǲַ֪ģʵǰɲǲš
Щ޿ɶǴ
һ˵

ַҡҡͷ޷ƿǣǻԣ鳾գ
ַû˿ɣݺһѹ
أ
ͷޣȻһѹȻûлΪҽѪȴĴɽַ͵һţͷ޵ѪⶼŲƽ浱С
ǻޣǵʬ˷ѣַȵˡ
ˣ
ͷ޵Ӵ˲䱬һѪûϢɫܸӣ;ҲǴ򽻵ôʱ䣬˭Ҳκβ˭
ͷǿĻޣȴַһƾ͸ıΪ촷ۡ
ָоˣͬʱЩյġ
ԭƻλжˣĴ壡
ַٶҲع֣صĵ˵ͷ
ռƻնɱͷޣֻǿʼҪɱĴ塣
ô죿
ָӥʨһ壬ӥʨһϳ

ַ忴Ƭ棬ԭӥʨһϳȴѾսǧٿףǿӿݡ
ַ崦Ȼûκ⡣ǣλ۷ˣ뿪ȥ
ַͷӥʨޣԶгǧͷͨӥʨޡЩӥʨޣַûдŹ
Ѿ飬滹ûôš
䣡
ַ޼ɵͷų棬ס˷ԲҲϵ쵽ǧ֮أ̺֮ſֲκλޣֻҪûгΪޣԿ֮
գ
һ˲䣬嫵֮˷Բǧ֮صӥʨޡǻǰ֮еӥʨޣ˲ͱ֮Ųƽ֮С
ټӥʨһ壬תۼѾÿտյֻ޼һЩӥʨɢڸܡ
һ٣ӥʨʥ޴½ѾǱˣ


920 
ַһţ˲串ǷԲǧ֮أʵܸǸԶûʲôҪΪ⣬󲿷ֵӥʨ޶
Բǧ֮أѾЩӥʨȫŲƽ档
ӥʨʵ̫࣬гǧͷڽֻһСʱ䣬Ѿн췭ظַ棬Ҳûа취ȫѹ
⻹ͷޱַնɱ֮󣬽ֻŲǵʬѪ⡣ǻߵĻޣַ˿̵棬ԶԶ޷ѹͷޣһͷ޶޷ѹͬһ˲䶴ַ档
һŲƽ˻ޣַ͵ű˺Ѱɡ
ַ淭츲أǴӥʨޣ˴ѡ֮ǰĽǶʧ˴ıԴ
˼һ˿
ַʶٵʱƬ˿ƣǾͲһˡ
֮ѹ
ַ֮ǧħҲڹԼַ循ķ֣ԭУҲܹǧħ
ǧħֻΪַսΪַṩ
ǼͷҲһҲΪַṩЩĳֲ֪£ҲΪַṩ
ַȻףекˡ
ѹԴڣԽ࣬ʵҲԽǿ棬Ƕ෴Ӧศɡֻܹṩ̫ܶ࣬١ÿһṩ٣ȴ޾
ַȫ֮ƺƵ˲ѹסЩǧͷӥʨ޵Ļң䳹׽
˿ַ̣ſʼͷ޵Ѫ⡣
ʵϣַ彫ͷ޵ѪŲƽʱѾˡͷޣԶκһͷ۷
ԶַţʮλʮλǻԵɺϣַ棬ұʵַҲûжٰ
Ϊе飬ǿľ顣ʲôֻһĹ켣γһ㲻ĵ㡣
˵ֻǼ䡣ַҪţǿҪʵʵڵ
ͬû飬ľǻ֮ǵ˼˿ֲĵزͬҲκβһͷޡ
ΪʲôԵ˿·磬ȴʼκβͷ޵ԭ
޷նɱ
ַ޵նɱӥʨֵ飬߶ӡӡʽ˳ۺѧ̣ѧ˼¡
ĻַҲնɱͷޡ
ַͷ޵Ѫ⣬ʱַо涼𶯡
¡
֮һӷԭ֮Ѿ㹻Ӵˣڣȴڼš
֮ǰܵĴˣȻۿɼٶȣѸٵĻָšңͬʱҲڲϵš
ֱһǧ꣬ʼٵ
ǧꡢǧꡢǧꡢڰǧꡭ
ֱٶԽԽ죬󣬼ֱò˼飬ÿһȻһڹΪλ
ڹꡢڹꡢڹꡢڹꡢڹꡭ
ַֻͷ۷ޣֱǧꡣڣͷޣ൱ڶͷ۷ޣʮͷͷ
ַѾŵٶȣֱŵĵز
ʮڹ꿪ʼڹꡢڹꡢڹֱĵ
ʮڹꡢʮڹꡢʮڹꡢʮڹꡢʮڹꡢʮڹꡭ
ҵı仯ţ汾Դ֮ǰһεκһڵСϪ죬쳹档
֮Ҳ֪˶εȶסھŶĶ
ǧħ񣬸ŭ𣬷׷ɱ䡣
תۼ䣬ǧħȻͳͳɱ˻ңӻ֮УҲɢһ˿˿Ļ֮
̺Ļ֮Ȼǻ֮áЧ࣬ȴַ̺ڶصĻַ֮ܵλʼ֮ȫƿء
֮Ļ֮
ǧħԼڲϵŻ֮֮γһѭ
֮ǰûʱֻ֮һ˿˿ǳϡ٣ôڻ֮ѾһСϪƺƵ洦ɼ
Ųֻкô
ҲлǶЩ飬֮ǰʣµǳ˳Ĵ̨ĵ
ҳŵĻᣬҲѸٵɱ˻
ЩΪףΪܹƿһУΪܹ棬֪ϵ񻰴˵֪дʼ֮
ΪģҪ档
ֻϧǲû棬Ϊ֮ǰ汻ѣЩʧء
ַ岻ͷޣǰδеĴš췭ظı仯Ѹǿֲ
һ˲䣬飬ռѣµѴ˷
ΪǰͲֵһᡣ
ǣЩ׷׸ǧڼƵĺͳͳ֮УԭгŵϢһʧ˾ųɾš
ЩһЩĻ֣պ󻹻ٵ
Ǹʱ򣬿¾ǵڶˣߵڶԪˡ
ַлȻʣһ˿
𣬽ѰҲãҲãѭ֮Уһ֡һ硣
Щ󣬾ĳûκεĺۼ֮С
Ϊַ棬û˭顣
飬ԭˡ
ַӵ˽İأ棬ͷ·һСͻһûʲô̫
ȸСȫ
ַͨ𣬸ӶϤıʡ
ߣ粻ƣ鲻ɼƿأ飬
𣡡
ַ򣬸оԼ飬ƺӵļᶨԴݻ١


921 ڹ꣡
ַţַо֮ҲűǿôȻȻҲԽԽǿ
ˣţַ֮׵ľѹ˳ǧͷӥʨޡЩӥʨޣڲַ浮ˣ룬ʵҲȴ˿ᷴ档
аٺһˣҲǵַΪʲôûдת뵽֮еԭ
Щͬһһ뵽棬ǾǼ棬ֻɣûзȻԽԽ˥ķչ

ַŵһ̶ȣͷ޵ʬ壬Ѿַ֮忪ʼڱѹסĳǧͷӥʨޡ
䣡
ǧͷӥʨޣи۷ޣһӿȣֻ֮ǰͷʱԲ
ӿ棬汾Դӡ
ԭѾӽʮڹֱ棬ɰĳ֮£˲Ѿ˾ʮڹ꣬Ȳ
ʮڹꡢʮڹꡢһڹ꣡
һڹַ꣬΢΢һ漴ָƽ
ַ棬ոʱһڹֱֱǵһٱٱ
˹棬ȻԶԶȲϵַԴ棬ַ˵Ŷꣿܹŵ̶ֳȣѾˡ
֮ǰڹֱʱַ屬֮߸춴ѾܿһĻޣһˡ
ֱʮٱַ֮жǿַѾˣ飬ʵʵ֮ǿַԼҲ
еĵزַѾ޿ɽΪҲ֪飬ָμУγΪٶʥ
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ַӰһУǰĿռɼһȭӳܹռ䣬ȴ޷ռ䡣
ַܸܿܵռ򣬵ȴ޷޹غԭƺϵصĻ籾Դ
ַڻ籾Դ֪֮١
Ȼ޷ռ䣬ַڵٶ֮죬˼ٶˣԶ
ƺַͶԸֻȽϣ˵Ƚ˽⡣޷򣬵һַ廹ܹġ
ʱ鼫ԼֱֽڶߣԸһֻ塣û˻ޣԸЩޣʵ̫ˡ
߶ۺֻǿ΢һ㣬ǿʮ
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ǣ˱鼫ǣһͬǰֽׯ԰


922 Ϊͨ
룡
ֽׯ԰ڣټͤַֻֽˣŮûС
ֽǿߣһЩǳܣУֻһλߣ֮á
ַֽԶַһֽ֪龳к˽⣿
ߣһĹ켣һ޶綼ûȫͬ顣Ϊ磬ȫͬˡ
ֽ˵飬Ȼź˽⡣һĿޣʲôԲ⣬ȴӵġ
ַ˵ͷֽһġ飬ûǿȴһ޶Ķصӡǡ
У
ᶨģϺʵɳԽǼᶨģҲԽǿԽǿ飬ԽĥһЩ˺Ҳκβһǿ飡
ַˣѹ֮ǰոյ飬켣ѹһ㣬Ǹ飬ַ̺ом䡣
ַӼᶨƺҲ͸ѹøӵǿˡҪ飬ѧ߻һЩ鱦ûʲôá
ֻԼһЩΪĻ鱦ܶߵӰ죬ɱ顣
飬ʹҷ񶨣ɡ
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ַĵڶ⣬ʵһǲͬġһ⣬ֽѾشַ壬ֻԼ
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ʵͲһˣߣҲΪŵȣҲʵߵ֮֡
ֽһַ壬䵭ߣʵҪѧ鱦ؼʵǹ򣬻򣡡
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ڶأ񣡻еһЩ񻰣Զߣƿط籩ɽȵȡⲢҥΪڶؾһѾֻܹԻ죬ֻ֮л򴦣񼸽޵Сλ磬ݺ磬ңoһ㣬˳֮Ϊ񣡡
أʥ飡һؾ磬֮ƿعƺܴĳĻʥ֮µ޵дڡʥޣվڻ۷塣أΪ龳ؾ磬̤ڶأʵױȡ
ֽϸ˵֪ĹһУ龳о綼ϸĽͣûһ˿
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ߣԻ죬ֻӵĪֻͨûʩչֶΣ֮ܳΪͨһ֮ͨ£Ƭ½໯Ϊҽʥ޴½û񣬷ûŰ
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ѧͨ⼸ǻǣʵɱ䣬յֶΡ
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ַûмֽͨصı飬ԼַҲ֪ͨĿ¡һ֮ͨ£ʥ޴½пܻҷ
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ַ忿ӡʽ֮ӳ֣Ҫʥ޴½ҲԶԶ
ֻͨд˵еͨ
ֽĻΪַһȫµдš


923 ͬ
лֽΪҽ󡣡
ַֽһ񣬵ֽȴûܡǵ˵лң߸мġҴСǣλҵСȴһһɳҵĸĸˣʦ˻޵ĿСɱͷޣĴ壬Ӧл㡣
ֽҲ̹ϣǿߣΪ̹ˡ
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ĿߣַֽܿеĴ⣬ǾǼǿĶ֣뾡һսִߡ
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ַҲûоֽܾôֽҲôæȻҪֽҪ󡣸οֻдˡ
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ַֽȥׯ԰֮з󱣻ַ޷һķ޵ȫһ֮ǻ֮
޵󣬻Сħϸ˵ʵս
սźܴĲͬʥ޴½ǲȱսȴһûУַСħԼ޵
վյУֽһޱȵרע
ս֮ʱ޷֣ˣע⡣ҲʩչˣǾ˰ɡ
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ַҲΪΣǿߣǵУоһСбҪҪŵϦӣ˵ľЩߡ
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ʵκλӲҪ˵ĳֻ뽣֮ͬֽȴԽɾ顣
飬Ϊ齣һڣֽȫȥֻͨ龳֮·
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һ֣˵һ֣ҵ飬Ѿ˽뽣ֱ˴ˡû˽಻ҡ
ַˣȫˣһų֮ģԴޱȳϵߡֽ飬˽뽣ֱ˴ˡ
û˽ֽͲǳֽôͻɢ
˳ϵߣַ˵û˵
ѧղֻĵһʽɣ
ԣǵһʽӡ
ַһһĽӡʽǰʽÿһʽ߶ԳƵѧÿһʽֶһѧ
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ѧļޣǻѧѧⶼǼޣ޷ܳʽ
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û·ǾŬԼ߳һ·
ֽᶨĵû·ҲҪ߳·Ҳĵ
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ַĵҪپɲΪ飬Ϊٶʥ
Ѿ·ַ岻·
ֽûж˵ʲôĵַַĵûжԴ
ʣµģǼԼĵһ·ȥ


924 
ַֽдһ͸뿪ˡѾӳֽĿУ֪ҪĶ
龳ַǰδе
һ磬ûʲôзšӲҪ˵еĻǾĳضĻ򣬿һЩСɡ
ȴԶԶ޷޳
ΪǲڼָܹĻ򣬱ֲܹйγͨ
̫֮ͨϡ٣ÿһͨһλĿұ죬ǲ֮ء
ΪһλʵͨҲޡеͨԼʵٴҲһá
龳ôһоͶÿԼˡ
ৣ
ַУһ鿴ͨʯͷмʶڴˣһ𾪡
ΪǻԴʯеûʲôܱȵϻԴʯˡ
Ͼ⼸ǳΪʥΨһ֤ͨ
ֻǰַ壬ΪʲôΨһġֻ֤֪ͨ˻Դʯܸ죬õ
ڻԴʯУָĻ򣬶Ի
ܲ򣬾͵ÿԼˡ
ַʶ˻ԴʯУһƬʣƺʲô塣Դʯڲл򣬵ַʶȴ޷ܡ
Ϊֻܸܣ
ֱַӵ飬ӦԴʯ
䣡
ַӦԴʯʱԴʯڵġͳͳˡԭʶоʵģĸӦ֮£ԴʯȫݺύһĻ֯ͬ֩Ƶġ
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ȫǻ򣡡
ַǰһЩĻ򣬾ôԻǰƣĪơ
ܻԴʯ޷ַǿ򣬵ȴܹԻַʱʱ̶̿
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ǻʱ䳤һ㣬ȥһЩȻͨ
ɾָտɴ
ʱǼ꣬ҲǼʮϰ꣬ǧꡣʱ䣬ʵҲпܡ
ַ岢żѾɾ飬𡣻粻ƣ鲻𡣶ңԽ࣬ԼԽᶨҲԽǿᡣĳЩطҲ޷˺顣
ˣʱܶ࣬һʱֻҪϣǾá
Դʯãɲܹ򣬰߳ΪԴʯΪ֮ϱ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪֻлԴʯ˳Ϊ߸ϵʥٶĲߴڣ
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ַѾ۳˻֮ģˣڻҲǱȽϤġǣ󣬵һθ򣬾ԻΪͻƿڡ

תۼ͹ȥʮʱ䣬ʮʱһƬڡ
֮ǰЩͨߣϢͨߣҲ֪Ƿľ޴仯Ǹͬ쫷һϢѾϯǡ
Ĵ壬ȫĴޣҲͳͳնɱϢͬʯ쾪㣬ǡȴ˶̫š
ޣǿһλΧһͷޡռϷ磬ȴûܹκεͷޡ
Ҫնɱһͷޣжôѣ˵ֱնɱͷ
ϢȴǧȷΪλڶˣЩʱûмκһͷ޵Ӱ
ʱƣЩ¼ҲסοϢͲҪҪϢ
նɱͷ޵ֻһˣȻַ
ȫȫһַ֮նɱĴޣҲΪǵ֮ĵһ
ַѾΧĳǳأʱգǴʥ޴½Ҳǲܡ
ܹնɱ޵ʥ޴½ǾԶĴˡ
ǵ˺ܸмַ壬ΪӴԺǳװȫˣⶼȫˡһЩͨˣܴӳû뿪ǡ
һ̣ȴ뿪ˡ
Ŵ򿪣Կ뷢԰׵ߣΪ΢һҲûʲôɾ͡ȻŻ֮󣬻ϼ겻⡣
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Ǵӳڣûȥӡڣȴ׷߳ǣ̤˳ء
ڿԳһˣǳ⣿
Ǻ嫵ذǰһֱųĺ嫣ʼԵһڣȴܹǰ̤ϳأҲ޺ˡ
лл̤ǡ
Щͨˣʥ޴½Ҳġ˶ݺᣬһûȥ⣬ָоǶôĿѹ֡
ڣһжôˡ
ǣһԾΪʥ޴½ȫĳǳ֮һ

ǰ˰ɣ
УӰΪ⼲ۡ
ԣǰˣĽܹһλɨ޵ǿӴˣǶܰȫˡ
ӰɢϢȻϢ
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£λĬΪһ⣬ԶǷȥ


925 

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926 ͨƪ
λԷΪףҲʯǹͬߣλʯͬԳַ壬ѾĪĳˡ
ַѯʣҲûκȻ׼
»ôһǰ˵һǰʯǻǺһǼλܶЩռһơ˶ԸȥնɱޡͻȻĳһ죬гǵĻǣ۷ˣͨˣͳͳţͺƾʧһ㡣
㱨ǼλǶúΡΪƽʱûзֵ¡ǣһλȥ̽飬ֻϧһȥء
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֮ԲܴݻߵĳǳأΪǳǳзػ⣬һҪԭǾЩ޲Žᣬ֡ޱ˴˼ҲìأǺõˡ
ڣͷصĻޣΧл޶ʱתʯǾͱ᧿Σˡͷ޵ĴڣЩ᧿ΣˣƽȣǲΧͬҲһЩͬ˰λЩһսһͿأֻӻʯǡʯҲ֧Ų˶೤ʱˡ
˶ܸܵеļС
Яرǰϣܹȥʯһˣʯǡ
˵գٴַ峤һݣҷˡر
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ϸĽͣ鼫˵ͷ
ֻͨƪĻǲܡʥ޴½ɲ٣ȥҲܶࡣһЩҲлԵõһЩͨƪֻû뵽ʯȻҲһƪͨƪ
Ц˵Ҳûٽ͡
ԭܼ򵥣ǵ򲻵ѵʱ򣬼ͨƪʯʾˣ˵Ҫˡ
ҲʯʵƽΣڵϦʯҲԸ׷ʯǡˣһ£ʹͨƪ͵ַǰ
Ͼ˵ǧãҲȲϵһ֮Ͼ½ֻһϣҲ
ͨĳˣ
̫ˣлʯоˣ
ϲ⣬ԵüΪˡ
ַ⣬˵նͷޣǺεȵİѾվʥ޴½ۣ֮֮һˡ
Ȼʥ޴½Ҳܹնɱ޵ĶЩһʯʵ̫ңԶˡٶȣ֪Ҫ϶òִܹҽӲ룬˵
ֻǵַַ֣ʯΣɾͽ˴롣


927 
ڷһ֮£ַûе೤ʱ䣬һ̳ʯǷȥ뿪֮ǰַ廹ѯһʯԼʯ
ҲۡϾʯҲʶʱ䣬ƵϺˡ
ʯǰǡ
ַıϣ۵糸һ㣬˿ѷɫٶȣʼնϷλٶȡ
ַעеǲƹżͨƪ
˵ǲƪȷǲƪȱ൱أֶ֪ͨ˵ˡΪοͦʡңַ廹зһϣǾƪ̺ͨһЩҪӦǻ
ֻлƺһЩ򣬱ϵ򡣻ֻΪƪַҲ޷Ʋˡ
ͨͨƪַһȽֱ۵˽⡣
Ȼͬ˵һԻԸֻ򣬶ʮֵ˽⣬ҲܽЩ
ͨҲͨЩУԸֻΪӶоĳͨ
ͨԴ
ȻҪ뿿ƪͨƪͨǳ˵Ρ˵ֻǲƪˣͨǰַҲɹ
Ҫͨǰ򣬶Ҳֹһַ֡ٻʵͽֻһ֣Ǿǻ
ַԻֻϤһЩˣ֮ģŶڻԽԽϤַĻ֮Ҳ˼¡
ٴӻջЧʴˡ
ﲻ٣ȻԸ飬Ը֮ޱǿĻޣҲһõģǰǻ㹻࣬㹻Ӵ
ַ˻֮ģÿʱÿ̶ŴĻ棬ڻ֮㹻ˣһôĻͷų˵ޡ
Ȼֻ˵ܲɱÿοַҲûָնɱޡӡʽԸһĻޣҲ㹻ˡ
֮һֱ֮ģ棬Ҳ˼Ի⣬ϣ
٣ҲһͻƿڣַĿǰеΨһͻƿڡ龳һоֻܿԼȥˣ֮⣬
ķٶȺܿ죬ֻСʱַѾԿǰ治ԶƺһΡĳǳء
ǳأȴЩ̫áǽϾȻ飬ǰ߲Ѫ⣬ȫǻ޵Ѫ⣬ǰ
ΪֻаѪ⡣֮ˡ
⣬飬޵ʬ壬жһֻҵϢ
ǰʯˡ֮ǰЩޣֹһ󣬻ʯӦǼסˡ
ʯǰȻ˿
ʯǿΣأλ뿪ھܻһЩ֧ԮҲ֮ˡ
ˣԼЩ֧ԮʯһҲͰλ
λƺܶ࣬ǿˡЩޣȴֻܿءȻ˺ܶ࣬޵ͺ֮ܶ࣬£ʯǵĻ編󶼲һܹ֧ŵס
ԣЩ޾Ǵʯǵһ飬ôʯǾˡ
ಣ
ַ彵ٵʯڡ
ոս٣ͼеĳ˳ۡ
ˡ
Ƿ˵Ԯȥˣڻˣλ
Σͷǿ󣬻ٶ࣬Ҳûð
֪ʲôη˵ȥϷǡиǵһλһ֮նͷޡǲܰȫһڴšѵλλ
վֻǴţʥ޴½һżʯǶ磬ܵԶﴫˡ
⣬ۼߡһЩƺҲž顣
ȻǶʯѾʲôϣˣȥǵæˡ
ַϣҲ˳
ųڵĳҲܵʯڵĲȷӲңƺ˶˾֮С
ಣ
ַո߽ʹɳ˼Ӱ
лܲԶʯǡҴʯߣл壡
һλĿ࣬ɫ΢ڣȴϢַǰһݡ
һԽܵλʯǳ
ַ˵ͷʯˣʯΣȻܸϣ֧Ԯһ£Ҳʲô
壬һ𣡡
λ˿ʯַ嶼ףλַ壬ڵʯǣоλ
ݣʥ޴½Ӵ
ֻϧݣڵȴûʲôϲɫһЩĿⶼַϴһЩɡַ⣬Ҳʱﴫģڴ֮ǰЩûκһ˼ַ壬˽ַˡ
óͨƪʯַܶɫ䣬ȴأһЩǡ
˺£
ҲЩ죬ȿʵ


928 Ѫ
ʯ˿˿ַ壬ֿ˿һżķһҧڷȥʱ䣬ʵѾͷ޵һЩüĿ
Ŷ
ַüëһѾͷصĻޣգͻȻˣȻܹշޣʵЩͬѰ
Ҫ֪޴򲻹ҪߣʵҲôѡӲίȫʱӦ£ӦҲѡ
Щޣɾǿǻۣѷɫһ̶ϣЩ޾ͿԱߡ
ǼܳĻޣȱȻ취ߡҪסޣǶûа취
Ļǿ²֪Ѿ˶ͷޡ
ȻûһЩֶΣôͷصĻޣܿޣΪЩ޵е䣿
Ȿʹ͸¶Ź졣
Ҳû˵ʲôԭҲ֪ʲôԭֻᵽػաڣʯȻѾػ޵һЩ˽⡣
ʯģƺͷػ޵ܲ
Ӧ֪龳ļо磬ֱʥ顣Ҳˣڻ֮ϣǻԼʥޣֱӦʥ顣
ͷصĻޣ֮ǰռϢټϷ뿪ʱͷػ֣ʯǣֻǰʯǵĻ編ŲòȥˣʯǵķҲ֧Ų˼ιˡ
Ҳռ㹻ϢڼȷӦһͷ޺ᡣ
ʯأ˵޺ᡱʱһƬĬǷŴ죬һš
ַֻ壬ȴֻ΢΢üͷ޺ᣬû̫ĸд
ܣʥ޴½δйޣô޺᣿
ҡҡͷͲš
ʯЦ˵Ҳţĵ伮ȷͷػޣ伮мصģ߳Ŀֲ߷ơ˵еĻƤѪӴʱһЩϵǻΪص֮һ˶ֻΡ
ңͷ޵Ĺ츳ǶΣ
츳λ˵˵ͷػ޵츳𣿡
ַȻȻҪԸͷޣȻ˽Է˽ԷһСֻ˽ԽϸܸõĲȡԡ
һ£ɫҲһַ壬漴͵ͷػ޵츳ȷܹ졣ֻһ⣬һڹ⡣ڹܣǵĸ֪񶼱ˣҲû˿áǵĳ֣ҲޱȵĻǳ֣Χһжûֻͷܹж֮£ǼҪֵ߹ҲΪʲôͷնɱԭĹǸֵ˿ûа취
ַ۾΢΢һУͬʱȴҲ΢΢һݡ
ֶΣʵ̫ˣҲδš츳ֶβ٣۾˵Ŀӥʨ޵Ļ籩
ܹͶʹܵһжֶΣ̫ˡ޷ƳĹֶΡ
ַ岻ˣ˽⵽һ֮£Ҳ˼ŶԲߡ
֪;߱ʱٿصֶΡԣȷǺʱйصֶΡͷޣúƣ츳ֶζ࣬жͷصĻޣ޺ᣬӵѪ
ʯ˿Ҳû˶ɡ
޺ᣬһѪκһͷ޺ᣬǶǾ춯أǻе޵дڡ
ҪսʤĻޣǶҲһܳɡ
Ϊβޣ
ַʵ
ʯҡҡͷܣԭܼ򵥣УֻһͷеڶͷУҲֻѪͲܳΪޡѪôŨѪ棬ҲԶܳΪޡеޣÿһͷգÿһͷÿһͷޣܵһ塣ˣͷصĻޣֻޣޡ
ַˣʵǳʶ
ؼޣԶֻһͷˣҲٳֵڶͷޡΪӵѪᣬѪǿޣҲܳΪޡ
ˣһͷӵѪĻޣҲµκ߶޲ˡ


929 
Ѫ޺ᡭ
Ҳʹı۾޺ʲôͷصĻޣûнڵѪȫҲԶԶһ߻еġ
ҲΪʲôЩԸ⳼ͷصĻޡЩޣʵҲǽѪͳģһλӵѪ޺ᣬѪͳǺܸ߹ġһֳ˳Ѱʵնɱޡ
Щޣλ᳼
һŴĻޣκһǳأκһ߶Ը⿴¡
ˣͷصĻޣʯʧܺȥ
ַʵ
ʯһ˵ǵĹ۲죬ͷ޳Թʯʧܺʱ뿪ˡû뿪ԶǼϷ򣬻һͷޣձ塣ͷޣž޴ҰģշĻޣĻޣ齨һӴĻɹˣ¾ͽʥ޴½ߵѡ
ʯأѾϵʯǵİΣˣʥ޴½
ַ嵹ǲȻͷôҰģΪʯǲţ

Ƿڽ͵ܺʯǵλйϵʯǰ࣬дĻޣһЩޡʯѹŷԲǧ֮صĻޡܳƲʲô̫ƣҲ·磬ÿǣҲնɱޡ
ͷ޽ʯǵжд̣֮졣һγʯǣԲ֮أȫǻ޵ĵˣеĻһ壬ʱ򣬿ͷ޵ĴƾѾˣ
ͳͼַȷʯǾͺһεռĵλáܵĻ޶и
ڣͷػޣùʯǣ͸ɴƵ˺ԶƹʯǣձࡱЩޣޡ
һɹʯܵĻɾһ壬ʱʯǾͽΪġµơ
ǰַ嶼ŪˡͷصĻޣַҲ˽߰˰ˣ˶ַ塣
ڴַĻش
ϾַôҲȵĶйնɱ޵ĻԻսڵ˴ȴ޷նɱκһͷޡ
ҪԸͷصĻޣʯǵΣÿַ塣
̽һͷ޵ľλðɣȥԻһ
ãַ忪˵
ѪҲã޺ҲգչֻǵһЩ²⣬ʵǿᣬй츳ֶΣַҲһԲ֪
ΣգΣգַҲţڵʵ֮ӳ֣㲻УҪӦò̫ѡ
֮һǻҪַ棬ҲܣϾڵѾȣֱѾﵽ˿ֲϰڹꡣ
ǺεȺ嫵
٣ĿǰΪַֹȵźûжù֮ԻԪ֮Լ飬߶ӡʽҲնɱһĻˡ
̫ˣʯоˣ
ʯϲ⣬ԭΪˡ޺ᡱʵ飬ַҲأԸ֡û뵽ַ廹׼ֻ֣Ҫַ֣ôΣʯһ˿ϣĻҲֻܷʯǡ
ʯǣʯǲ壬粻ƣ鲻𣬸ͲùҲתѸٵ
һʯǣʯǵߣ¾ųɾŶʯᡣ飬ǻޣޣµߣӳȥܡ
ַ忴ʯϵϲ֮ɫҡҡͷ˵̫磬ҲֻܾһԣκβͷޣĳҲûиõİ취
ʯæ˵ܷһԣܽǶѾ뾡˰취ҲǶʯһ޷ԸͷޣֻĴˡ
ַ˵ͷʯû̷ʯǣǿ뿪ûз⵹ַĿ࿴
ҲֵַҪԭ
ƪͨƪʵʯַ壬û𡣽ֻͨƪ޷һλ֡ǻпΣգַת뿪ʯҲ˵ʲô
Һãַû뿪Ǿ֡
ȥռͷ޵Ϣһռ٣Ҳ֡
ַ˵ͷЩ£ȻʯȥҵͳһԣͷصĻޣǲӵд˵еѪ


930 ˴
ʯַĵҲʯǱóһ˿ϣ٣ʯ֮£ַλӵնɱ޵ʵʯǵǶһ˿ϣ
ÿ˶ڽ߾ܵȥ̽ϢһЩˣԸǴ̽Ϣɲһ򵥵ľҪ֪ڵһǣпܻᱻ˺Ƭ
ʯǵߣŽһȫһģֻΪͬ۹ãȹһʯǵѹء
龰ַѾܾúܾûпˣڷ״½ַûмڷ״½Ǹ߸ϣÿһλǴǴ½Ķڣߡ
ʥ޴½һ٣ȴࡣʱܵ޵вÿλ߼սгɳȻ޺ܶ࣬ʺܸߣɳȴࡣʥ޴½ܴ󣬸ԴҲȱ»ԶԶ״½
Щˣȴûз״½Ļôһ߸ϡǾͺͨһÿʵ
Σ˶Žһһġ龰Ļ棬ֻеַĸʱΣʱĸһġ
ַܻǸʱˣʥ޴½ܻ޺УȴַһϤеĸо
ڣ߳ϣ飬ַҲһ˿˿Ĳ
Ըͷػޣַû˿İգҲֻܾһԡַʵҲƿ
Ҫϵĸ򣬿Ҫꡢǧʱ䣬ջ۵ĸ
ûԵʱٳܶˡ
ôøǻеͲôϡˡ
ַĿǰȽϤģҲֻлˣҲֻͣڻ֮Ĳϻۻĳ̶ȡ
һȴôס
ַҲİ취ԴϵƿֻһǾǵ档
ʱȷһǳѡջɹ档
ĵڶƿַͻȻãƺѾûеķеֻֻǲľ硣ͷ·ˮ¾лһƺɴ
ַʧȥеķˣûһҲûκε취˸ְ취ƺûʲôá
ǣַֽĿС
ʱַѾֱַƺǿˡԽԽĵеĻ֮Ѿܹγһѭ
֮ԽԽ࣬棬ѾŻֻ֮֮֮£СĻݣǰеĻݣøǿ
ǻ֮ã
ȻѾױˣԽԽ硣ȻĻ磬ַʵ̫С̫Сˣ֮һûС
ַ彫ʶ浱Уϸĸܵеķ淨ַţΪصʱ䷨Ҳ⡣
ֻҪַԸ⣬Ҫתʱ䣬Ҳǲܡַ岻Ϊתʱ䣬ǺεȿֲǴ֮ҪתôΧʱ䣬ĵֱ޷㡣
ǻ汾Դ»Ĵ汾Դᵼ
СΧʱתַ˵ȴʲôȫڳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ʱתɲʱݣܹȫȫһʱתһˣ˲תΪС״̬
ʱ䷨ַǰûκܣο
ַصо淨оĻ淨淨ʲôϣˣܹһЩ߰
ֻǣվַͬо˺ܳʱ䣬ڵķģûκһɻ󡣵صУȴûʲô
ֻʵʵĲϻŻ档
ʱһĹȥֻʱ䣬ʯ͸ַϢ
ͷ޵ľѾ̽鵽ˣĿǰʯϷǧĶϬصСշϬϢҲʯǶʮλ۷ˣĴ۲ŵõȷϢ
ʯɫأһӾʧ˶ʮλ۷ˣֻΪһϢҲЩʹ
˾ȴûиõİ취һһᾪޣǿʲôϢ̽Σա
ڵʯǣѾʧκһλˡ
ҵôҲãǾȥͷްɡʯѡλĳһȥɣܳɰ񣬶սһβ֪
ַĿҲ˸һ˿â
Ѿ׵ˣҺͷλһǰȥһλʯǼɣ
ʯҲ֪һȥܾǾսˣ۳ɰܣǶùԼһ
ã²˳٣̳
ַҲûκˮʯ֮󣬾һλڿն𣬻Ϊһ⣬뿪ʯǡ
ǧľ룬˵Ͳʲô˵⣬һ㣬˲仮գƾˡ
ôĶЩޣ
𡭡
һͷͷ޷ŭʮɿµϢͬһϰ㣬˰λǰ


931 ʮͷޣ
һͷͷͷͷͷ
ַȰλҪӽͷػʱʮͷޣǵǰҸĶַˡ
ߣɱ
һͷޣֻһֻ۾ޱȵĿ࣬¡ȻһͷǿĻޣϸ̣ͬһ㡣
ʮͷޣʯҲԵúܽšʮͷޣǻޣǺͬȲεĿ´ڡ
ʯһҧסЩޣֱȥͷػޡ
סЩޣ
ַ忴˿Щޣ⿴ǵʯҪסʵѡ
пܻΣգǲܡ
һ䣬תޣǱϾҲһˣת޹ֵ̣δ֪⡣
򲻵ѣλתޣ
ַҡҡͷЩµѣԸַ岻ͬУЩޣǿɶ汾ԴԵõ汾Դ
ڻУһͷ޶ȽοһʮͷҲֻʥ޴½ôĵطһôĻޡ
Ҳַٳû뿪ʥ޴½ԭʥ޴½ȴΣգҲŻ
ɣ
ַҡҡͷʮͷޣһ˳ȥ
䣡
ֲϢһͷޣȫļ̣ͺһ㣬Ϊһ⣬ַݺײ
ãΣգ
ʯɫ˲䡣˭֪óսһǿɾΣˡ
ֻǣʯ˼Ҫ赲Ҳˣͷ޵ٶ̫죬Ĳ˼飬˲͵ַǰ
ֲļ̣״̴ַ֮ͷǼЦݡֻǣһ̣ͷȴôҲЦˡ
䣡
ַһĳ
ӡ
ӡʽ߶ַ廹һЩ
ʱպһӱգͷӴĻޣܵļѹҪѳȥȴεķ֣ƺʱڸͲѣ·𱳸صѹһ㡣
ӡУַ嵱ȻὫͷնɱʩչӡʽսᣬͷޣᱻɻҽ
κһͷޣַ˵ǶӴԴṩ汾Դնɱֱ˷ѣ
գ
ַ֮һֱӽͷսڡ
ʱ˶΢΢һ㶡
ôûˣ
ռ䱦
ǿռ챦Ҳѹһͷްѵǻ鱦
ռ鱦ⲻܡ
ʯҲǼʶ㣬磬ȥһЩ½Ȼûеõ鱦Ҳʶ鱦
ڿռ鱦鱦е鱦ңܹѹ޵鱦Ǳض鱦
ַĻ鱦ʯһͲš
䣡
ַţͣĺ
Ȼûл鱦˵ռĻ鱦ˡѹ޵Ȼڵ档棬Щռ鱦֪Ҫǿ϶١
ǰַ壬Ϊ̫ͲѹޣҲѹס»һŲƽ浱Уͻᱻ޸˺ѡ
۾֮⣬Ͷַ棬Щ޵Ŀ¡
ڣַѾˡ۾սʱַڹֱأ
ֱַѾһڹ꣡
Ӵ棬ܵжǿˣַ彫ͷŲƽ֮󣬶ʱƾͷ޵ľַص֮Żֶȥ
ѹ
ַص֮Уһڹֱ棬Ӵ󣿶֮УַҲܵȫ
ʱ˵һͷˣʮͷʮͷޣҲ
𡭡
ͷƴţ֮ʵֲ̫ˣ·ԴԴһ㣬ѹ
գܶ޷ˣΪô޼¡
׾پͱѹȻҲַԤ֮У΢΢˿Ȼɹˣʮͷޣɾġˣһݻ֮ԵҪõöࡣ
潵٣
ַһһ䣬ͳ
䣡
ʱʥ޴½֮УַΪģһ޴Ӱ٣˲Ϣסʣµʮͷޡ
ֲѹл޶оĵĿֲΪϵѹƣҲǾϵѹƣǴѹơ
ǴƬӰУܵ˺ޱߵΰ


932 
ǡ
ʯ͵۾ޱ𺳡һ˲䣬ЩޣЩַ֮¡
ЩʶǣʱҲЩסˣͲַ֪ʩչľǺֶΡ
ֶΣѾԶԶĳǵ֪ƺҲͨ񣬸޷ʩչͨЩĳֻ鱦
ֻ鱦˿µƣ
ʮͷޣǵĿж¶һ˿־֮ɫƬѹʵ̫ˣӰʱַվм䣬·ӵţƿһеԶoһһĿȴûпЩһۣЩ޵
һͷ˿ۣȫػޣһֱŵ۾һ
ŶԷ۾ַо֮˲䶴ͬķˮһ㣬ҲھҵĶ
һ̣ʱ䶼·ֹˣޣѾַС

ַһһ䣬˵
ֱһַ̣ţԷ˵ӵѪػޣĸԸĿޡ
ڶԷ۾һɲǣ·ʱ侲ֵַֹ֮ķΧ֮ƺƵ֮УȻַֹܾʱ䡣
¶ԷǿҲתַʱ䡣ԭܼ򵥣ַٵ棬ַǴ֮ס
ȴֹܾеʱ䣬ʱһֹͻⲿַѹ
ˣ۾һɲǣַо֮Ҳڱ嫵ĻѹƣֵַܵҲûӲĴ㣬ϾֻӰֻһЩַ֮档
գ
ַһ֮˲һգ֮ʧˣͬʱʮͷҲʧս֮ѹ
ַ˵ѹʮͷˣǶʮͷޣҲûκ谭
ַȴûһ˿ˣأʱ̶ά֮ת䱳Ӱַеķ·ޱϡ
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ʯѾ˲ˣΪѾͷȫѪĻˡ
봫˵е޼һģһû޵ϡ
ߡ
ԣĿǱ֮ɫҪң
ַҡҡͷɫƽ˵㣬ߣǻޣʥ޴½ɱ¾ޱߣѾû˶Դ
ԣȷûжԴѪѪޱȾݷ֮ãڼڵѪҪһͳʥ޴½ҵ۷壬Ѫ棬ɾޣߣͺ赲߳ɵһǲ֮𣡡
䣬еȷ͸¶ޱߵɱ⡣
ͷҲʯ˷һȻкܴҰģҰ֮˵
ֻƲ⣬Ҫշޣ齨һӴ۰һû뵽־ڴˣҪռʥ޴½ΪΨһף
ʥ޴½֮ΪޣҰģκλ޵ҰĶҪ
ַҡҡͷѪ޺ᣬǾӦ֪ҲѪҲѪѪȻǿؼȴֻһͷޡǿѪ۷״̬ҲֻǻޣԶҲ޷Ϊޣ
ɣҲѪҲѪǿĻޣҲ޷
Цһһ˿֮ɫ
ٺ٣ֻ֪һ֪ؼȷֻһͷޣ˭˵ЩޣԶ޷Ϊޣһ취ǾѪ֮ԴѪ֮棬еͷɣôҾȡ֮ΪµޣҪɣҪǿֻнʥ޴½Ҳһ˿ϣ
ҵĵҵߣ
ɳ͸¶ű䡢ƫִ˵ĵ޹غԴߣǾУݡ
ַ۾͵
ĵҲҵĵߣôҵһ£ͼʥ޴½½֮Ǹ΢΢ֻһ˿˿ϣĳɵᡣԼߣ
ַɫ£ĵʵػû˿ԭû˿ԭַҲߵĵز
ڣͷͼʥ޴½ֻ·һҲַĵ
ͬΪı
ο˴˼仹вɵ͵ìܡ
ˣǾսɡҽͳͳˣû赲ˡ
۾΢΢һУ˲侲Ŀеķ֮ɫȴ·ˡ


933 ʱ侲ֹ
ʱ
У۾Ϊ磬۾ΪҹʵһֿŵĴ˵ܹһΧ֮ڣٿʱȴʵڡ
ΪʱеϵҲǴ˵Ϊǿص֮һУҲǶĴڡ
ʱ䣬뿪޿ĥַԴڣʱķ˶پʱ򣬺ƴء졢䡣
ʱǰȴһʱͺ񳹵ֹͣ
ʯŴ죬·ھַ֣·׼ַ塣һ˲䣬Ƕֹͣ˶·̶һ㡣
ַ壬Ҳһ̣·ֹˣ˼άֹͣˡ
ʱ侲ֹʱǰûгΪ޷ʱ䣬˵ʱɱС
ˣѾڲ֮ˡ
ֻһ˲ʱĻ˵ȴѾ㹻ܶˡ

һצַȥӵѪֻǿ츳ͨʵͱȱκλҪ
οʱֿµ츳ֶѹ־ЩޣĸԸΪɱЩޣҲѴ֮
䣡
ֵһɲǣҲʱһɲǡַȫֹ˼άֹͣˡֹ츳ֶΣ漰˵أʱַѾ飬ַѧ˿ֿ¹ֶΣȴҲû˿á
ˣʱˣ½һ˲䣬Ҳ㹻ɱˡȻҲûɱֶΣɱһλֻת
תǾֻһˣһʹѾǳ׵׵ʧܣ򲻵ѣλת
ž޴ĺַڵ֮ױַȻʱֶΣ׽˼άʱַȴһλĳߣǿ档
棬һڵ棬ԴûʲôΨһĲ𣬾ַΨһףǴ֮ƿһУ
Ҳ޷ʱ򣬸ıһԴ档ˣַ屻ʱֶνסһУַ֮ȴԶʱַ棬ȫûκá
ৣ
ַıַҲǧ֮һɲǵʱ˹һֱóɡ
ʱһצѾ˹
潵٣
ַûκԥ֮ͻ֮һƬַڱ˳һצȷǿҲûг޵ķ롣
أ
ַ֮ʱֻ̫̣ӲһצֱӴѣķ˳ȥ
սʱֻ̣ܶһ˲
ʱЧҲˣʯ˻ָ֪ʱַֻ屻һҷ˳ȥ֮ˣĻ֪ܲʲô£
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ֶֹΣʱ侲ֹû취ֵ
ΣˣȻѹޣܹնɱޣǿޱȡֶֹǰǿʲôãǱİӡ
ֲ̫ˣʱ侲ֹǵĻ֮ԶԶЩޡһ޶ܱ򱬣οЩ
ʯֻҧһľ裬ȴ˭û
̫ˣǶеֻƽʱսԷǿôλҲη塣
أ
ڹġʱֶǰ֮ûСʱ侲ֹʲôֻ֪Ǳ˿¶֪һֻȥת
˵ǲֵһᡣЩޣУȻ޸öԸ
ԭַָλȵնɱͷ޵ĶǰԸû뵽ַ˽ȥ
ڣַҲѱ
űҷɳȥַ壬Ц˵ҺͷͲܶԸġֻ񣬲ܶԸ
ҡҡͷѾ׾ӵе츳ֶΣʵ̫죬޽⣬ǿҲ޷赲кã
䣡
ͻȻҵ𶯣һͬʱһӰһ㣬ӵֱա
ǡ
̧ͷеӰȻַ壡һʱ䣬λܾϲЩɻͬʱеǡ

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Щȣһצ֮ԼǺģ޶޷赲ο
ַȴֵסˣһû⻹һ£սУԻ޻ֻҪʱֶΣʹʱ侲ֹ
ʣµ¾ͼˣǻ޻ֻ·һܶڳǳصĴ֮вܱס
ڣַȴֵסֶΣҿӣһʱ䣬۾Ҳ΢΢һУ·Ҫ׿ַ塣
վյеַҲڿҲû˰С
ڸղţһɲǣʵַѾˣѾˡĻֱ֮Ӵ򱬣κλ޻ˡ
û̵档ֻҪ治ôַͼ
ˣַȴǳĽǳСġǵһΣû˿֮Ϊǿַӡʽ˿ѷ
ǣ浽˹ʱַû˻֮
Һã棬ΨһӰ첻ҪԿÿڵ֮κκֶĹֶǰʧȥ֮ء


934 ʱ
ˣ
ַѾʧˣ˵ֻһ޴ӰźƺƵ֮
ַǿַ̡Ѿ֮Уڳǰģ棡
ʱ
Լ䣬·оһ˿в޴צһָʱиֳ飬ޱµ
·ڤڤ֮УһƵģƺŤſռ䣬ֶַȥ
ַ棬ʱ˻ѹơƿʱ䣬²񣬽ֻӵѪ޺ᡣ
ҲĳЩ츳ֶΣ硰ʱһ˲ʹһΧڵʱ侲ֹΧǺܴ󣬷ǳޣսʱȴռơ
һֶΣ׶ΣܵС
ټʵǿǿ߻ޣĶ֣ҲѹҪʥ޴½û޵ʥ޴½ȷӵжʥ޴½ʵ
ַ壬ȴȫһˡַһ࣬ԼûвȻǳߣȴһĳߣ棬һӴԴ棡
ĳߣδţ
ҲΪˣһԴӵԼصķάתʱʱʱҲȷԼӰ쵽ַ档
棬վһͿʼѹַ塣򲨶Խ󣬲ַӰ죬ͬʱҲԷʱҲһĪĸ
ûʱҲûʱֻĳЩѪĳЩ츳ܹʱһЩˡ
ҪԼеһ۵ġסǻޣ۸΢΢ҪסǴۿɾ̫ˣܲ
Ҫûʱѹסַ棬һӴ棬ҪȫûʱѹƣֱѹһλҪѡ
Ĵۣͳܲ
ˣոմ߶ʱղһסַʱ˲䣬ɫɷףϢһ
𾪵Ķַ磬·ڲ
ܣôֵܵסҵ츳ֶΣٶ߻ޣֵܵס
𾪣ղţʩչʱʱȴֲˡĸоʱѾסַƬӰ
ʱֵĽˣûã˾ҵķɡʩչʱҪһ۵ģڽֻһ˲䣬ոշɾѾˣִۣľ
еַ壬԰׵ɫʱ˼ĵ˵ͷ૵ȻˣҵĲ²ûֶǿܸ浽ҵ棿
ַû뿪ٶ۲۲죬ʲôֶΡ
԰Ƿ֮ɫͺܣһһЩӵֶΡΰѪһܳΪƿʱ䣬ʲôֵܵסʱ򣿽¸ٴĴۣҲһҪնɱ
һķʱ˫һӱɺڰɫһֻ۾ɫһֻ۾ɫϵϢҲÿ
ԭƽգ·׳ǲ׳ĳӰΣȴÿʱÿ̶š
ʱһʱ
ʱ
һ𡣶ʱĳ˲併١εķΧȴСֻǼַڵķ
ʯλڵĵطûбֶǣһΣǿۿַ֮ġ
Ľ棬ȴľ
ǿĻ򲨶ĪǴ˵еʱ򣿡
Ȼ˵Щɲ
Ƕ飬鱾ԣԻҲǳҲֻ飬߲ܸ򵽻
ˣһлĲȸܵģҲǸܵõ
ŭԼյеĻ򲨶ܲЩ롣뵽ʱйأǾ͸ˡ
ʱͷѾ콫ѪˣȻܶݵĵʱ½ֻһ˲ǶǲˡΣܵУ
ʯҲءҲʶǰͷĿ£ֻҪԸ⣬ǰͷҪɱǣֱ׾١
ҲǶڳǳУдػĻһȥ¾ֻתˡ
ܵס𣿡
ûܻش⡣
֮ǰַʲô취ֵסһҲ˽⡣ַҲ͸¶أڣȴ֪Ѿǿʼƴˡ
ַסղַҪǼλҲȫûһתֻܵȴһˡ


935 ѹ
𡭡
ڷĵȴʱһŭ𣬾޴ص֮СĿϵϢȻۿɼٶȣѸٵ½š
ͬʱһµη籩ǻķ籩ƺƵϯƬա
⡭
˶գ֪ʲô¡ַֻľ޴Ӱ·һʵ
ৣ
ַӰٴγ֮УûһˣϢήҲĿеķ֮ɫʧ˲١
ಣ
Ҫӣһʱת뿪ղѾȫ˻ʱĽ١ֻϧһɲǵʱ䶼ûУѾֲסˡ
·ҪסַƬӰҪеĴ̫̫󣬴ͳܲ˴Ĵۡ
ˣ츳ֶζַ岻úֻһͷǾӡʥ޴½ܴ󣬻Ҳܴ޺ᣬӵѪȥƬ½ܶһ½
ֻҪû޵еĴڣ
ӣ
ַȴûŹԷѪ̫ǿֶ̫죬ֱʤַ棬ԴԿʱ򣬿Ķ֡
䣡
ƺƵ˲併٣Բǧ֮ضС֮֮£о񱳸ɽһ㣬ַ·̶ٲά衣

һŭҪѳַ֮ǰáʱʱͼѹַ塣ѹɣȴ⵽ɣ˾޴Ĵۣء
ֱַǡѹܶ
ˣ޼£֮ѹ֮£ӴĻ֮һţͬһϼһ㣬ص֮ѹ
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ৣ
ַӰһΣʯԼǰ
Ҳˡ
ַƵ˵λȴ
ʯ·𻹲Ƶģʵ桭Ľˣ
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ʵҲ㲻ϱƣΪʱֶεȷǿʱҲǿһʱǿһЩҲѹַ档
ֻϧ޷ôʱ䡣˵еѹַ棬ȴͷᡣ
ˣڽˡҴʯߣл
ʯˣַһ񡣸м֮ҲԱʯʵ̫˷ˡ
ĳ֣ͬһصľʯ㣬εѹС
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ʯҲ֪ĵϸ
ˣַһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬һҲǴӻٵʥ޴½
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ԣԣȸϻȥ֪ͨϢ
ʯҲһԴʯڿĻ̻̣þϢ
ǣڶҲûٵ飬ٶȷʯǡ
ʯǻ֪һϢ޲ϲ˶ֽٺĸоȴ֪飬ַ֪һͷ޺ᡣ
ֻмλ֪顣
ޣһǴ˵еޣҲûмַ彫նɱпܣַ彫ͷѹˡ
ַѹʲôЩҲ֪ȤӲʡ
һͷ޺ᣬӵѪʱһ
һ֣κ߷ˡַѹǾѹһеĻԵҲַӦõģ
ڳڵַ˿ȴѾʯŵľ֮С
ʮͷԼѹ֮Уʼնһʮͷ޵Ҳˣͷ޺ᣬӵѪĪ⣬ò
ˣַصʯǵĵһʱ䣬Խ˾ңѸٽʶ浱С


936 ڹ
棬ʮͷޣ˿ҲáΨһһͷޣȻ΢΢ĶɵѣҲ΢Ķš
ǣַͼķѹʱȴЩûпѾ׷׷顣
ΪѪڣ̺츳ֶΣʱйô
ַ˼
ӲҪ˵淨ʲôĻǿ𡣻ô嫣Ҳ߱硣
лԴ棬ϸϣַѳԴ棬Ҳڻ硣
ô嫹󣬶ַأаڹֱʲôַ棬ҲĿǰ浽ڻ硣
ʵҲҪַѾܽѹˡֻǣѪ̺Ӱʱ츳ֶΣַܺˡ
Ȼʮͷޣַɾûôõˡ

ַû˿ԥʼʮͷޡ
ʱ֮ѸٵѹʮͷޣַѾй޵ľ飬ˣθᳵ·
һͷͷĻޣѸٱ֮ѹΪ촷ۣıԴҲţ֮ۿɼٶš
ֱַҲڷ
֮ǰַĻޣһͷޣܹʮڹҵֱʮͷӦҲࡣ
һڹꡢһʮڹꡢڹꡢʮڹꡢڹꡭ
ʮͷޣֱַ󡣴֮ıԴͬɽХһ㣬֮С
ַ棬ûνƿֻҪôַһܹš
Ȼţ汾Դ֧šַĿɶǻޣӴ汾Դˣַ岢汾Դ
ʮͷޣֱַڹֱԭһڹֱֱѾﵽڹֱ
ڹֱжôӴ󣿾ܻԶԶȲϵַڵԴ棬ַͨһЩϣҲ֪ԴдС
ֹԴ棬СֱȻֻʮڹâ⣬󲿷ֱֵԴ棬ֱһǧڹҡ
ֱֹʮڹϵӴ棬ǶǱΪԴ档飬ûɱɻȴǿᡣ
ԽԽǿᡣ
ַڵ棬ֱѾڹˣС棬һƫСȲһԴôӴ
ϾһԴ棬ֱҲһǧڹңַ棬Ѿӽһˡ
Ƿǳ׵ģ뵱ո棬ַŶֱֻһڹˡһڹֱ棬ûеַԴʱսӴ
أڹֱҲƫСģȴѾһԴˡ
Ҫǣڹֱ棬ÿһַ嶼ܹס
˿ַ屬жǿַԼ֪߻Ķˡ
¶Է޺ᣬ¶ԷӵвѪѹû˿ĵֵ֮
ڣбѹ
֮ǰ΢һ£ַʮͷޣţ֮ԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿڣҲûˡ
ַûнһ²⣬Ҫ֤ʵ
û´㲻ʥ޴½Ļްɣ
ַ嵭ʵͬʱһӣϵ΢һЩҲɵĿ˵ˡ
ʱɿ˵㾪ֵļ㡭ʲôطǿռ챦ǿռ鱦Ҳ˿£ѹʮͷޡοܵķڻ򣬸һԴ棡
ţ֪Դ棿
ַЩ죬ƺ֪ٵ£ȻֱܷǸԴ档
ֹһԴ棬ǸԴʵ̫ˣչһˡԴ棬ôôǿܸܵЩķȻǿ̫֮ǿ̫ǿ㵽ʲôˣ
ɫдɻͬʱҲһ˿ʡʧˣȴһ˿ҡ
ʲô㲻ùܣֻҪ֪ڵĴˣһͷܳ׽ɱڣشҵ⣬㻹һ
ʱԵ쳣侲ûٷˣƺҲĴѾûѡ


937 
ҵȷʥ޴½еĻޡ
ڡһַ壬ƺˣǼ˵ҴһĵĻ½ɳӵѪһͷҶǸ½С
Ǹ½šģʲôûУ쳣ӡҳʮ꣬ɱΪʼλ硣ҽڵѪȥ½Щ½еԴչһգʹҳɳѸ٣ɱΪ˻ޡ
Ϊ˻кã֪޺ᣬҲ֪磬Զֻһͷޣڻô꣬ԶԶļһͷޣֻһŭҾͲܲס̫ˣﰵ¶ģһҪΪޣ
ҴһЩ˵ĿУ֪ʥ޴½һĵǱĴ½ܶʥ޴½һ˿ҵԸֻǣû뵽ȴձѹˣ
˵ʼЩˣַ嵽ǲһλôôǿ󣬽ѹˣ
ɵĿ⣬ַ岢ûֱӻش𣬶ǳһ˵ڻôʱ䣬֪ߴʥǣ
ߴʥǣĸ֪
֪ߴʥǵľλã
ַ弱еʵ
ҲֻҡҡͷҲ֪˵ߴʥУǻҲãҲգֻҪʥǵĹأԽ롣ߴʥǾǻģǻףеʥءֻϧڻ紳ô꣬Ҳ֪ʥǵľλá
Ҳ֪ô
ַ̲סüͷ㲻˵ˣ
ԣҵȷˡ㲻˽ˣЩˣΨͼֻܴǡǲսԴҲһͬʣֻҪõóôܺǽסҵôչεıǸˣҲûлȡʥǵľλãֻȡʥ޴½ľλá
ַ˼ĳЩ˻ذֻףκ飿Ҫ֪֮䣬ȻƲ𣬵˫֮Բ̫ѺáһҪ֡
Щˣȴ⣬߻ǻޣһЩ½˶佻ס
ףǻ˵ΨһĿġ
ַԼãҪӻ˵Ŀе֪ߴʥǵľλã²ôסַռʥ޴½Դ޷û⣬¶ԷҲߴʥǵľλá
֪޺ᣬ㲻챦
ַȻһԭ뽫ͻȻ䣬ԺвһͷȻһжԽΪĿġ
ôַֻҪռָ챦Щ⡣
޺ᣬӵѪʱһЩϵġƷЩ˼пҲ⡣
뵽ַѹûн󣬳ҲֻʮڹֱַĿǰӰ첢
ңϸʱ˵ַڻʱһЩ˽⡣ܽǾ͸ˡ

ʯΣѾңΪַ彫ʮͷ޶Ųƽ棬ʯΧһЩ壬һͷ޶ûС
ǧѷĻᣬʯλܴ
ǣʯǰ˴Գ֡λΪһ򣬷Ϊĸ򣬿ʼЩޡ
ÿ춼дĻޱնɱ̶̰ʱ䣬ͽԲǧ֮أһաĻӵӣʯܶΪ֮һա
ʯܸˣȻ֪ⶼ˭Ĺ͡ˣַغʯһַ壬ҪΪַٰһ칦磬ַƴˡ
ͨƪͨƪĿǰַûʲô̫ô˫ȷһ׮ס㲻϶Ĺ͡
ҲǸʯһ£ȻҪʯ߼лޣǳһ壬
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˵ҰĵҲͦ˻ַΪϾҪΪʥ޴½һָǣΪ־ԵĳǳأûһλͲܳɹ
ַ룬ʥ޴½Ϻܳʱ䣬Ļ̫ˣַУЩ޿ɶԴ
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ʯͷ۲ѵĻޣַУȴʲô⡣ַȻѾӦΪ˳Ȼôϲ³ǵ
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938 £ڴһ
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֮ǰʯΣ䡣ôڷҪǺϲˣ
³򣬲ǳغϲλҵȣȻܲӡҲûʲô£ǰȥɡ
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ʱٽѾ½߸ϵʯǡȸϵʯǵߣ΢һ֮£𾪣ôв顣
Щոոϵʯǵǣһ˿ɻ̤˳



һλλѾִʯǣʯԽӴĴڣ˳ӿһİڣ
ֻǻˣǾֻڴţڣȫ
ַףʯҲֻ棬࣬һЩ֪λݵ߶еܾȡ
ʯʯǵĳʥ޴½ҲǴҲܹһǳأһά
λҪϲΪһǡԭһλ϶˵ΣһλΡ
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˼飬λʵ֮ǿô֮ǰĬĬţ
˵ڻвʥ޴½ʥ޴½ʱ
ǻഫѯʣڵַ֪¼һַĿУ˺棬Ǿء
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ʯӴ˼ʱ㿪˵λлλʯǹʯǽǺϲΪһǣ־ͽǣһγַ
ʯ̾ܺܶѾµʯ׿˵Ǻġ
ʯʯ֮䣬Ǹһξ롣Ļ޸޾ǳ֮Ļޣ
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ܽǳ֮ôϲ֮¾ǸЦûκ塣һϲɵǣҲ㲻ʥ޴½ǿĴ֮һ
ʯһۣ϶¶һ˿Цݡ
ǳ֮ĻޣȻҪλǰ񣬱λۿǵγַǳ֮Ļޡ
ʯ£˵Ŀⶼַϡ
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ʵϣɻʯҲɻһЩǡ
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׵ַ壬Ŀڶһɨ
ǳܲʥ޴½Ϳֶַˡ
λȥһۣ
ַΪһ⣬ֱӷɳʯǡ


939 ǵ־壡
ʯ⣬ַһȣɵʱźƺƵʮλ
кַܶ࣬壬һʮλ
ʥ޴½϶ԶԶֹʮλʯ룬ܹ뵽ôҲѾ൱ˡ
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ɻҲȤַ徿ζԸ޾Ļޣл鱦Ҳô׶Ը
ο鱦÷࣬иߵ֣֮һ鱦٣ʥ޴½鱦ҲеģҲû˭ŶԸôĻޡ
ʯû͸¶ζԸЩޣ
ҡҡͷûУףӦѾа취ˡ
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ЩҲоһ֡ѹ⻹ַûκҪԸЩ뷨˿µ罵٣ǻҲᱻ˲նɱ
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أ
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ֻ·һͷͷĻޣԱһ㣬ڶ⣬˲䱬ѿٶԽԽ죬ԽԽҡ
ͷǧͷͷʮͷ
ǧʮϰͷޣж٣ȫһˣǾǱѡ
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Ӵˣʯ֮䣬һ˿谭Ժϲһǡ
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ԭֱѾڹ꣬ڸһʮڹ꣬һͷӵıԴҪࡣ
⵹֮ϲԭַΪͨޣʵİѾ޼ҪţÿЩޡ
ڷ֣ͨޣֻҪ㹻ҲܹţȴҪࡣʥ޴½ʲôȱǲȱޡ
ַҲżڳǣ㣬ȻšҪıʥ޴½ľƣҲǵһ֮ǿѵһطһطɨȥ
ʥ޴½ôޱߣַɨȥǶöˡ
ˣַҪ֣ôͺҪڶǰչʾǿʵֻǵһˡ

ǳˣԭֻһС¡ǰȥ񣬻󣬸ǿڿഫҲͱ˴¡
ַ֮쳹ʥ޴½ַΪʥ޴½һ
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Ǿʱ󣬴һʼһʮλʮλǳҲһʯǺϲΪһǣһոµĴǣǳصм䡣
Ųɽ޽ɡʯǣҲûбǳΪݣǹм䡣
ңΪģַ忪ʼһһĳǳأԳǳΪݵ㣬ƽһǳصĽǾ͵Ļޡ
̶ʮʱ䣬½ĳǳرݣѾﵽһٶʮÿ¾ͻὨһǳرݣϵƽ
ǼţҲûйͻʥ޴½Ĵǻޣǳؾܽޣܲʲôжԡ
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Ҳûа취Χµĳǳأô죿
һЩԸǵҲʹ뿪ʥ޴½ȻǼһߣ󲿷߶Ըǡ
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ַַֻֻ֣һˣһնɱٻޣ
ַԹʥ޴½⵽ĳķвֱַ֮ͨӽ棬ɱʥ޴½ϵлޡ
ֻϧַûôʵ棬סʥ޴½ڵֿ
ַȫԸţǹҲ޿κΡҪܿһͽƬʥ޴½׻ˡ
ַɲԸðգʥ޴½лޣôߣַ岻ȥðա
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ڣʮʱ䣬ַڻ򣬼ûκεƺһٽ㣬ʼտסˣʼ޷и
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ȻҵˣַȻȥһˣǰװ˷ôռϺϢңַͬʱɻߣҲܺ档
һҹ֮串еɻƺʥ޴½Ųٵܡ
ѾȣǱޱȵİȫ˷ϰǳعţʥ޴½ȫĳǳˡ
ַ򵥵ĽһЩ£ͶԴ񣬳ɽȥ

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òףŵõ̽һ̺һ˿ԡĻ챦Ҫ볹ɱɻ鱦ȴѺѡ鱦Ѿǵļˡ
İ鱦ԸһĻ޶Ըͷֻޣȴˡ
ѾŬΣÿζʧܣ޷ͷֻ޵
һʧܺԧҲ֪һʱֻܵҡҡͷջ˶̽׼뿪
ţ
Ȼԧеһ˿޵Ϣڻ޵Ϣ
ɽл޺ͷֻ޵ĵ̣ͷ޸ҿ
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ԧĿ⳯ĳȥ
ͷҲ΢΢һ㶣漴ҲӦһ˿޵ĻޣǶĽ
ˣ
ַ忴µҡҡͷ֪ˣ񱻷ˣϾǻޣַһʱ죬֮Լȴ
ҲͷˣַȻ֣ҲͲأ֮˳


943 ַһָ
𡭡
ַƵ˳ҲͷֻƺͲͷޡ
⵹ͷ޺ܾ棬ԧҲܾ档Ҳǵһοл޸ġ
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ԧȥݷ㣬û뵽ȴɽˡ
ַ΢΢һЦĿƺ˿Ҳûһ˿ηŵ
ţ֪ң
ԧַ壬ȴûһ˿Ϥĸоȷţδַ壬ַȴһڽг֣ȻǶ˽⡣
ԧʥ޴½˲֪Ҳȷֳ߲Ҳȷˡ
ַ嵭˵ԧȻ߲һ鱦ʥ޴½ҲǴ̫ˣ׾ܲµ
֪
ԧĿ⾼ûСַ֡ܶɽһôȻԵãȫȻЩ޷Сɵӣ̵ֻǿ
ַɵ𣿲ܣǾֻһλˡ
ÿҽַ塣
ַ壿
ԧüͷƺ˼ʥ޴½λַġȻԺһ·һӡ
ַ壬
ԧһ˿ɫ
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ԭǵһ
ԧһַҲЩԨԴϾַһ֮ƣǴͷϡժߡġ
֮ǰԧʥ޴½ϵĵһַո¶ͷǣǳһս۷
һȻʣ䵽ַͷϡ
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ԧֱ˵˵ԣҲ֪֮ǰַһһʱ䣬ͷֻ˵ĻַӦöѾˣҲûʲôġ
񹬣
ַûֱӻӦԧʵ
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Ͻ뿪ﲻ̤ĵطٲ뿪ҵȱҪɱ䣬ֻתˡ
ͷֻЩסˣϾĵ˿ûη֮ɫȻҲöԸһܺԧ̸ЦǾ͸ˡ
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һԧ൱֮ˣǿ¾鷳ˡ
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ԧһҲ΢ЩʧΪ˽żȷ뾡˰취ʱ䶼ʥ޴½ϡ
ֻϧȴûа취ͷֻ޵赲żûп
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ԧҡҡͷܻǣͻˡͷֻޣѪҪ̸ף
ô
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ǡ
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ԧԺͷʥ޴½ߣǴӻ
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Ļַ˿µϢ
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ԧ֪ʱͷֻ޳ź̶ֳȵѹַһһûжֻ֣ǵһˡ
ˣֻһֵȴͷִֻΣգֲĸо
Ͼַѽȣѹֱǳһǧڹ꣬һԴ档
˿µֻй¶ʮ֮һҲǾ춯ء
򣡡
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ͷֻޣֻ֮ܵǰԧʱݣڣȴվôѡ
ԧĿ֮ɫ⻹ͷֻͲš
ַʲôûֻһ㣬ͷֻ޾ͱѹڵϣ˿ҲáֶΣѾķ룬ԧ𺳡


944 
ԭΪʲôҴսԧѾ׼ַһ֣ѹͷֻˡ
أ
ǰһĻԧԼ۾
ַָֻһ㣬ͷһֻޣͱѹסˣſڵһ¶ܡ

ǵһ
ԧ۾һ˿ɫַ˻鱦ĳЩֶΣֶֻΡ
׾ѹͷֻޣַǵ֮ʥ޴½һ磬ַп¶һ顣
ַһһȥͷֻ޵ǰʵͷֻޣôСܱѹ
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ء
ͷֻޣֻſڵϣϵĵţڶԵúѡַ֮ѹ֮£׷׵ı
ͷҲһѪ֮ĵַֿѹӦþڵѪˡ
Ļĳ֮ȫ٣ͷͱѹ촷ˡ
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ַ嵭ʵ漴ҲѹԼһЩͷܹڡ
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УһƬż˵ǾżһõأܳΪޡ
ͷֻ޼һԵĽԼ֪Ķ˵˳һ˿ǵշǣҲǿǿʵַԸǿ󣬸ѡͷֻȻѡ
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ͷֻ޺ԧҲ˹ĿһַǵһնɱޡڿŹȻ飬һ֮ʵ
ԧҲϨеǵǿʤ˼ʲַĶ֣߲֣Ҳ塣
߲ǻ鱦һ壬ҪǿһЩ˵ͷֻˣͷʮͷ治һܹκεԧ
٣ԱǲģҲΪʲôԧɽˣÿζûлͷֻޣȴȻ
ַͷֻޣǰһƬ̹;Ҳû谭ԧҲܼ
ˣ߲ǻ鱦ǲ
ַǵһμ鱦Ȼܺ档
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ǴԵŹʵҲһЩ½ֻϧûҵ񹬡ֻʥ޴½ҷ񹬵ټֻϧʱ䣬Ϊͷ޵ֹҶûҵ񹬡
ԧҲгҲź
񹬵Ĵ˵Ȼλ񣬵֮ʦˣѾ۷ˣȴ񹬣ѵ񹬲зŲɣ
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ԧҡҡͷȻЦ˵Ҳ̽ˣʲô֮಻ǰ˵һЩоĵðˡֻܿԼ򣬲пܳΪ񡣡
Ȼû֮ȴпܲͨͨ
ԧأȻҲΪͨ˼ҹ룬ҪѰҵ񹬡
ͨ
ַҲ΢΢һֻѰһЩзţ߻ѧûʲôȤ
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ԧҪַַҲҪԧ񹬵˽⡣ĻҪ񹬣¶ôס
ǻǸϽȥ񹬰ɣпܻһͷԣ
ԧ漴ǰ·ַ򲻽ĸں棬һǰһɽȥ


945 
ɽ֮ǰͷֻޣˣﵹûĻޡ֦ҶïⰻȻԵΪϡ
ԧһ·Ҳ߲ܽʱעܵԧ˵һͷԣǳһ˿Ѫ
νǿɷǳޣʥޣҲ⣬ڻз壬ֱ
ͷʵ̺һ˿Ѫҷǳѵõܹ˿Ѫʵǳֲܹշͷֻޣǿ
ˣԧɲκһ˿ɾ衣
˵룬ҲƺҲܵһ˿ͬѰѹϢ÷ǳ
ţ
ַȻ̧ͷǰ棬Լһ
񹬣
ַ˵
ԣ񹬣Ȼʥ޴½еȷ񹬣ҵˣ
ԧԵúܼڻôʱ䣬ǰǶˣһֱջۣҪ
ôģʱ䣬ԧ޴ֻڻвϵϣѰһԵ
Եıҵˣڻ˵Ĵ˵ǹ񹬵Ĵ˵λΰص½Уһ񹬣ڲиָзţпܻͨ
Ƕϣõķţ½ֻǽ˵ǶڻеĳЩиһ
ˣȻ񹬣ԧܲҵĻԵ
ַɫҲأԶԶȥֺ񹬣ƺûоµϴһûưܵĸоɢһɺƴׯϢ
񹬣Ե񹬣
Сģͷ
ԧһأûмǰˡַҲˣ⣬һͷޱӴڵأ˯ɢſµϢ
ַδϢӴĻޣϢҲԶԶȲǰͷʵÿǵ츳ֶΡ
ͷͷֻ޳֮ΪʵҲԶԶһġ
ߣҼǵϢԧѾɽΣͷסˡΣͷûٵס㡣
Ӵ̧ͷ۾һ˫۾У·䡢嫣ǿһ㡣
ˣ
ԧߵ߲Ȼסɢһ˿˿߲ʹâϵ£ԧС
鱦֮Ϊ鱦Ϊһ˿ԣܵвʱҲܹ鱦ԧڻд֪˶ٴνѡ
ܹ߲ģҲԤʾŵ˵ǿû鱦оһ˿в
ӵѪԣҲʮʱ˰ɣ϶񹬣ǾӦֻ֪ܽȥһΡֻһεĻᣬֻҪ޷ٽˣͽкã
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ǰֻܽһΡҲİͲһ㣬ҾܹҵΪ޵ķˣͲôһ㰡
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ԧҡҡͷ˽ܶ࣬ڻһλΰڡǿվڻ֮ۡ
µ񹬣һҲƲˣ˵ǿдˡҪ񹬣͵ѭ񹬵Ĺء
ÿλ飬ǻҲãҲգֻܽһΡһԽ롣
һΣ˲СĻԵݻԵȻļڵһ˿˿Ѫ
ΪʥޣǻΪϣҲΪǿĴ֮һµѪʵ̫̫ˣֱʤ
ȻΪʥޣµѪȴ鲼磬ˣӵһ˿˿ѪΪ档
ʥ޴½һޣҲӵѪ
һܹһ˿˿ѪǼֱײ˴ˣ󣬼ڻҲĻԵˡ
Ϊ񹬣ĻԵ
ֻϧѪȴ޴ˡΪޣڵѪʵһ˿˿ϣ
ϣǳãֱϵѪҲܹΪޣ˵ڽֻһ˿˿ʥѪˡ
չһ˿ϣͲǣٽһΣֻϧ뵽˺ְ취һЩޣҲ񹬣ûеõҪĶ
ǣڵȣµǧꡢʱ⣬Ըȥܹȥ
һֱȵĽгһգܹ½񹬣ҪĶ
̧ͷһַԧҡҡͷϣôãҶȡˣܴͷҲ㱾²ԵɲôõõģͷôҲôʱ䣬ܵñʾЩʲôɣңǿԽ񹬣
ӴʼһСɽһѹϢ


946 ǿУ
㣿
ԧҧ촽ոͷֻޣ޲ߣ޿κΡǰǿǾʥѪͷֻ޶շͷֻ޲֪ǿ˶ٱ
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ԧ־ŭջ߲ȴûκΰ취ͷֻޣǶ֡ͷ಻Ƕ֡
Ա߿ɻɲַ塣ԧ̲סĿԱߵַ壬ֱڣ϶ûпַʵǶԸͷֻޣַûж֣ѹͷֻޡ
ַ忴ԧʩչ鱦ķˣĲַҲûԴ󵽣ΪԺһУԲһжС
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أ
ӲӲһһצݺݵһ
ַһߣ·һͷڷšצϴֱ޿ƥУһ̲ס˼
ַѾֲڳˢַĻַ֮棬ˣɺƴֲ˺嫵֮󣬾ʧ٣ַҲͣ
۾΢΢һղӲӲ΢΢һȻҲܵ˾ҵĳǿڵѪŻǹӴ
⻹ǵһΣƴƾеˡ
һһѪ
ַ͵ķ˹վյУսⰻȻѾܾúܾãûˣ֮ǰͷֻޣʵҲˣַ׾͸ѹˡ
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Ӱ
ֻһӰȴҲͨƾˣƣȻַ࿹⡣
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ͬͬǻ޲Σԧȴоַ壬ԼȫһƵġ
Ȼ嫻磬ˣ졣Ż鱦Ϊܹݺ磬޵СڿˣҴĺס
ȴҿһ춯صĴսҲǴ۽硣


947 Ѫ
潵٣
ַأоһ˿˿вˣûԥȫ֮ʱıƬõ磬·һӽʵ
һɱ֮ǰʮƣǵصѹȥ
һӴѹҲЩԲ
Ѫ
Ҳ˲伤ڵѪʱͷľӰ·Ҳһӱʵ࣬Ϊһͷ񷣬ľ
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ȫһǧڹֱ֮жǿַԼԼЩͷֻޣѾַѹס˿Ҳá
Ҫ֪ЩޣɶӵѪǳַѹȴ׾٣ûʲôѡ˿֮жôǿַһȾãڼ޵УҲҪ֪֮˭ǿ
𡭡
һַ˶֮֡ٺһǧڹֱ棬εӴ󣿺εȺ嫣
޾һ˲䶼ܽѹסáǰǱľӰȴ͵
һޱȿֲ˲˺ַ档

汻˺ѣһġˡټ˵ͲֵһᣬžצűľӰһδη˺ַ档
ܿóƣͷϵľӰҲ֣ǾѪ֮Ҫ߶Ѫսʵ˵Ҳһ޴ĸ޷֧ųʱս
ַأ
汻˺һΣΣʵʲôǱ˺ʮΡʮΣǾЩ鷳ˣ涼ܵˡ
Ҫǣ˺棬ַ֮ȴ޷ѹס˺ѺֱӾ档
⻹ַһΣȫ棬޷ѹĶ֡
һַ̣ʶ֮ǰЩˣС˻еߡǻҲãҲգС˶Է
ԧȻǿУʵҲһ㡣ֻһ鱦ˣǼ鱦ҲǿĻ鱦
һλٳһ鱦жǿ˲˺ַ棬棬ĿǰԶԶ޷ﵽ޵еĵز
Ц֮ǰַȻãȼ硣ûмȻҲͲ֪жôĿֲ
ڣַսһδε˺棬ͿԿʵ֮ǿԶͷֻޡ
ʥ޴½һؾ͹ˡ
ûټսַȻһδε˺ѣڵôһ˸˴š
ҲһȻЩƣߣַҲס٣ַ弴㶯ȫֶΣκβǰͷ
ʥѪȻ
ַأ֪ͷͷӰӦþڵһ˿ѪʥޣԶǿ˲֪١
⻹ֻӵһ˿˿ѪѪŨټֻԵ˵пܳΪޡ
Ͼ˵ĺᣬҲȷһЩޡ
ߣҲǵһμô
ɫҲأһֱɽҲû뿪ɽ⣬ĵȴŻԵ
ⲢɽĻޣĶĿˣ֪жҲ֪ԧǵһ
ԧǰҲֵһᣬĶԧл鱦壬Ҳһȫˡ
ǰİȴûκ˽⣬ƺƾðһ㣬ȻоĪѹ
ǼսȻɣҲֻݱܷæʱߡ
ˣûٶ֣ǷǳأʱãϿַʵ
λɣʸ񹬣
˼漴ſڵϡ
ַ幰ֵлˡ
ַҲûʲô뷨ԷȻһҪҲû뿪ɽ㲻Ϊ
ҰĲɾ͵͵öˡֻҪɽҲȥΧߵĳǳأԸַ岢⡣
οϸ˵ַ崳ɽѹͷֻޡ
ַ˫ɵ˸һ޷ַֹ壬ַҲ޷նɱһַҲܽ񹬡
ԧ߰ɡ
ַ忴һԧԷԵúܼæͷл
ԧûַ壬ǧټƻͷֻޣڣֻ꣬Ҫûгɾ񣬿¶Ķ֣Ҫ񹬣ǳ˵Ρ
ַ壬һоͶôˣҲܽˡ
ǰż̻Իͣɢһ¡ֺϢ˸еޱȵʥ
ԧ˿Ҳԥַһǰһ̤񹬡


948 ͨ
ˣ
һɵĹâһַ̤񹬣ǲɵĹâͷ·̤һ硣
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949 ֮ͨ
طֻͨ棬Ҳô򵥡ͨҲܲΪ硢棬߹оأһرһǿ
һأǾǿˣһҪǿࡣǶءأǼӲĻ鱦
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950 ǧħ
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ͷֻޣѹסġַȻֻޣһĻ޶Ҫǿöַ࣬汾Դ

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952 ƽʥ޴½
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޵У޵Уͨ޵УһǿͨܵУ
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ͨͨҲܻͨأԶԶѧܱġ
ǻѧѧͨǰֵһᣬȫ޷Ტۡ
ѹ֣дųͨ׻һ½ǰַ廹Щ̫ţסʥ޴½Ҫһ˲ʥ޴½
ͨԣַţֻҪطͨɹֻҪءأһɣܳ׻ʥ޴½
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954 
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λɵַǰһ鶼ޱȵĹĿж˸һ˿˿˷ڴ
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ȴַ֪ڿϧЩޣԼʮһͷޡһͷޣĿǰֱַֻʮڹꡣʮһͷҲԽֱŵһǧһٶڹˡ
һôĻޣпʹֱַŵӽһǧڹꡣڣȴַһͨûҷȫΪ˻ҽȻǷǳĿϧ
ȻϧҲַ˽ͨͨҲͨԶκѧҪǿһ鱦ҲԶԶûͨǿᡣ
Žֻͨطͨ״̬ҲֻСͨˡд˵еĴָͨοֲ
񣬹Ȼ֮ϣڻжվ۷ΰڡ
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һʱ䣬˷ܡǵĳȻһλӵͨΰǿߣʥ޴½˭ֵַܵ壿
ʨ룬˽հɡ½һЩˣ֪ܲͨǣһ
ַ˵ֱ꣬ıϣ˲ʡ
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ȥϢȥʥ޴½֪ǵĳɾ񣡡
ǶϢʲô塣֮ǰǵķչһЩȴԸǡ
ַλһƺҲԶԶ
һϢȥǶǵɾʹöˡ̫һЩûһλ˽֮ء
ܹǣлõһλָ㣬ǵ߶·
ˣϢһʥ޴½

ʲôǳһַɾ񣿡
ܰɣʥ޴½ô꣬࣬ﵮҪΪ񣬿ɲôס
ߣεΰǹ⴫ˡ
˵ǵλѾͨһ֮ͨ£ǧԲ֮صʨ룬ѾΪһƬʨޣʮһͷʨҲˡ
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ߣȥʨ뿴ˣ
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Ϣͬһ˲ιʥ޴½СС߶Ѿ֪ϢһЩ޶֪ˡ
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˾ҥ¶ϸԽԽ࣬иҲúǣ׼ȥУַʩչͨʨ뿴һ
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955 ǧڹ꣡
ַȻ֪ǵô졣Ҳ֪֮£ΪһͨͳΪ
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ԧԣҲֻ΢΢һЦûС𴩡˼ַôҲǾʶַʵʥ޴½㲻Ҳˡ
ˣĳ˵Ҳҥ
ɽӲ̤ɽ벽ȻҲ޴ӡ𴩡ַˡ
ʱƣַ尴յͼһֱȥûʩչͨˣʩչͨ󣬵ȴл޶Ϊҽַûаţûеõֺôɵòʧ
ˣַڽơĹУעͨʹãֻͨǵ֮˲併١
ʥ޴½л޻߻ֵܵסַѹֻ޶ֻεıѹ
ͷͷӵʥѪҼʥһ˿Ѫƾ˿ʥѪܶԿַ档
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ܲסʥ޴½Լ޵డֱԴԴϣͬɳһ㣬ʵ̫ˣˣַҲڳϵš
һǧڹꡢһǧİڹꡢһǧڹꡢһǧڹꡢһǧ߰ڹꡭ
תۼ䣬ֱַѾﵽǧڹꡣ
ǴԹ㣬һǧڹֱֱ֮ǰһȫǻ޵ĻǾͲһͷޡ
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ƬĳǳأҲͶԷͻֻԹԵĽǣַĽŲǣƿظ
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˶֪ǵҰģȴûκֹܹΪûκγǳؿսҲûκ
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ַҲڲϵţÿһʱ䣬漸ʹ
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൱İͷޣȻٳĻޣʵϣַֻѹٰʮͷޣӽͷޡ
ʥ޴½ʣµĻ޿ֻʮͷˡ
ַ֮ǿԼҲ޷Ԥ⡣
ʥ޴½һƬڣȴһƬ⼸ǵĩաǣʣµļʮͷޣԼͬһɽ


956 ɽ
ɽʥ޴½ΣͬʱҲصĽ֮һ
˵Ｘǽ˸ҽ롣룬ȴҲûܳɽĿ¡
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ʮͷޣǰǲҽɽģҲɽΪɽһͷлеǿߣӵһ˿ʥ޵Ѫ
ǰǲҽɽΪ̫ԵǽɽĻޣΪūǱնɱ
ڣȴòۼɽˡ
Ϊҵ
ٲ֣ʥ޴½ͱˣҵȺҪˣ
ʥ޴½ٲ֣ǾҪϾɱ˵ɽҲڽˡ
Ⱦҵȡ
Щޣɽ֪ɽУΣҲֻˡ
Щ֪ǿǿַΪǲŵģһͨԻлˡ
һ㣬߻ҪΪɱɻʱѪ棬һЩѪ䡣
оͺжôǿ󡣶ͬȼģȻƲжǿ
ַ岻ʥ޴½ȴҲ޵УǱض޽ӽԶԶЩֵܵסġ
ֻӵһ˿ʥѪַԿοѾûѡ񣬲ֻҪַڣǾ޷ߡ
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Щޣޱȵ˷ܣ׷׽ɽҲ
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һЩ޾Ϳʼߡ˭뵽ټʥ޴½ǻǵ¡ȴתǷСĴ챻塣
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ǻ棬ǻ޵Ϣ֮Ѿʣ޼ˡܶɽڣܶãһͷ޶ûˣǳҲ·һ֣
ԣҲǻޣ綼ߣɽҲȫǣȥ磬Σأǻޣһȥ˻Ǿˡ
üͷһҲַĶ֣ѵָʥ޴½ĻԻͲɣ
Ҳ漴þɥǵȻָǰĻԻͣҲ֪Ͳʵ
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ԣֻҪϢأǾˡοɽҲϣΪ㣬Ψһһл޵ĵطɡ
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ĻûϢ֮أɽ϶೤ʱ䣿ʵܲˣ뿪ʥ޴½ȥ˻磬ǿɾˡ
ǵѪУ߿ɶûʲô³λģֻЩΰޡ
Ļǻ޻޷֤ڻеİȫ
ˣˡ
л̬ȳϿң֪޷⡣ôĮǻ޵ĳԱ
ʥ޴½Ƽתֱ£޼Ҫ壬Ϊǿߣ֮ˡ
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߰ɣȥַ塣
漴վӴ˲仯Ϊһ⣬ɳɽҲһ뿪ɽ滹ʮͷ޽

ûһͷޣ
ַʮʱ䣬ںʥ޴½ڽʥ޴½Ļ޶Ĳˣֻʣͷޡ
һƬҲһƬ򣬵ַľһɨȴûзκһͷޡЩˣûлޡ
ѵЩˣ
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ˣ
ַ̧ͷǵеϢʵ̫Ϥˣɽͷ̲סɽˣ


957 ͨս
䣡
Ӵ˵ϣ󻹸ʮͷޣһĶĶַ壬ȴûһͷǰ
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ַܴҲãԶﴫʮַÿʱÿ̶ڲͣɱ¾ޣųɻ޶¾һա
Ѿ˵һУûκһͷԴΪܹԸַ塣ܶԸַ壬ǾͲȥɽధˡ
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ŶӲ뿪ɽΪ뿪ɽĪҪֹң
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˵ʥ޴½лܺᲢ۵ģǾֻͷˡϴΣַȫԸҲûκεûܱƳļޡͷϴΣӦû
ҡҡͷ뿪ɽҲȲѣʥ޴½ɱ䣬˵Ҳǻޣɱ¾ޣӲ
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ַĿ䣬ҪǿͷҲٳֶΡ
ȴҡҡͷҷҪǿͷʥ޴½ܿܿҲãҲգҺθɣһߣЩѾҵǰҲ޶ԡһӿɷ񣿸ƬϢأ˫ַΣ
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һƬϢأҲʲôõʲô͵ԼȡҲǻޣӦףҪõʲô͵øۡ
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޵У⼸޵У
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958 ս
˶ھַ̾ͨĿֲƣַıȴءһֱĶǰ档
𡭡
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ڣӲַʩչͨ˿·磬ǲ֪Ѫζʲô
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ƿַͨվ֮УӰ֪߼ɣب֮УɢŹϡ嫡Ϣ
˿סˣ
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ס֣
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ǧڹֱ棬Ҫʥ޴½ƺҲôˣֻҪһʥ޴½֮£Ϊ촷ۡ
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ŭţôƬȴβơԴԴϵѹ
꣡
ʱӰѿˣһѷ죬ѷ֣ӰҲƺҪɢˡ
ᣬӵʥѪƴˣȼѪ٣
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ৣ
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961 ͨһأ
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ַֻǱչʱ䣬һȫµĻ򣬲֮󣬲ԧʧȥκġ

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οѾ֮·ѾˣѾԽʥ޴½ôôΪֹܹģҲͽַֻˡ
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طͨ
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𶯣籩ŰһĿģױȵѷѿƬʥ޴½ܵ˾ҵ𵴣·Ҫķѣʹ˱Ƶġ
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ЩַڵʵͲֵһᡣ


962 ˽٣
嫻УһҾ޴Ļۣڻдš˸ָĻģظС
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ڿڣʮλ޳顣
᳤ݻ·ͼǰӦûһȽĻ½ʥ޴½ǳӴ󣬴Ѿǳӽͻ½ˣǻ޵סҲޣָĵرȵ䶼С
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ܹӲһЩӲˣһûʲôãʥ޴½кԼĻޡ
ǻҲǿչΣĻ鷳ˡ̶֧УҲӰˡ

ǿǸ߸ϵĴÿһλǶĴڻʥǶǸ߸ϣλɲ̶ж
̶֧̻ᣬһ᳤̻ͨ֡һλ񣬵ֻһλˣǱȽС͵̻ˡ
һλڻеκεطܹ棬ռ½ʥУҲܿһǿڡ
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λ΢΢һ㶣漴Ҳ˵ͷ̻ĹΨһһλ̻ںϵϵ
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ԣԣʥǰ˭ȥʥǣЩ֪ʥǾλõߣһֵܹסջ󣿡
ҲŲɡšʥǡջ̶̻ӣһ·Ѿ֪˶ߣԸԼıֻýʥǵĻᡣ
۵ٶȺܿ죬תۼ䣬ѾԿǰһ޴Ļ½ˡ
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Դ֪˾طֻͨǵһؾսַ뷽跨Ҫ޳ͨڶء
Ժַȴ֣ûôסҪԷԻԼ̲С
ַ֮ǰֻ򣬽ֻŰˣ̸ֵ̡úķʱ䡣
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·;ңԶɣǲ֪ʲôʱٶȽ٣
ַһЩ²⣬ֲ²ⶼûκθݡŻܹʥ޴½һϣ֪ʥǵľλá
ʲôʱ˭Ҳ֪죬궼һ
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ַܼһҲ֪ͣ˻˵ľλú󣬵һʱԧԼ񣬳Ż˵λ÷ȥ


963 ǵһ
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964 ˵
Ҿַ壡
ַ۾΢΢һУߣֺģģͰףҲûʲôͱ˵ϢԵúԲ
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뵽Ⱥ˵ݣַҲȻˡȺ˱ǻˣȻ˺ܲʵͷҲûʲôǻཻף׬ȡˡģͰף鲻ƣ˽ף
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Ŷ̻ᵹǴֱʣ֪̻
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ַĿĮƺ⣬ʵϣĵȷˡЩʲô˵̾ߣַȻа취߲ˡ
̬֮ȣҲ뿴ЩǲĽװˡ
ַʥ޴½ռϣĻʥ޴½Ȼߵֻˣʵϻ˴Ľס
Ȼˣǻ˻ǷˣҪףĻڻдѵҪķԴ
ַղŸܵʮλϢ̻᲻Ҫۣܽףܹ׬ȡ
̣ЩˣַŶԷһסοʥ޴½칬׵ʱַ彻ףǾǲ칬ףƬ½󲿷Դ칬УȺ˻ʲôԣ
Ȼַ˸ɴ̬ȣֺĸ᳤ɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˿ײŭ֮ɫ
΢΢һЦֹαضŭ̻֮ԲԸ͸¶´޾鷳ȻֹѯʣҵȻʵԸ档̻ܲߴʥ֮һڤʥǡˣҲڤʥǡ
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ʥǣȻʥǣʥ֮һڤʥǣ
ַѾǵһνӴʥǵϢˣһ⣬Ȼ˵ʥǣȴ֪ʥǵ֡һʥǵҲ֪
ڣڴֺĸ᳤֪ԭʥУһʥǵֽڤʥǡ
𾪵ɫΧ۷׷ףһ˸߲ҵģ᳤ǼҲһ˿Цݡ
ȻԤϵһУûֵܹסʥǡջǰġֹʥǵϢϵҲβס𾪡
ղŵַ壬ڹ򶨰ˡַӵһ½Ϊ½ףȴŻʥǡ
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Ȼַһ󣬱صĵ˵ͷʥʥأôܲ븱᳤۸ɣ֪ЯǰʥǣҪ޴Ĵۡ
ַôֱӣ᳤ҲЦҪǰʥǣȷҪȡһЩáҵˣһԽΪ׼ͿֹܲóĶˡ
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Щſھһٽ֮Դ
һٽ֮ԴҲûУ̫źˣҪȻʮĻ羻ˮҲԡ
᳤ҡҡͷƺʮĻ羻ˮѾͱ׼ˡ
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᳤ͲҪ˵Щʵʵıˣǲ֪ЩļֵǾһ½ռЩ븱᳤ʵʵĶʥ޴½ܹı
ַ֪Щ˺ܼթҲû뵽ЩôթʨӴ󿪿ڵֵزǾǳˡ
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ЩﶼûУֹóʲô
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һƺƾԷѹΣַѹεѾѹˣΪûʲôΪȥʥǣҲֻܴӦ
ԴӦǣ˼޹ҿʲôõ칬е⡣
Ȼƣ̻һۣͯʥǵǼõġ
᳤ϲЦտȻһǴ׬ˣǽӽ͵Ļ½ȻԴ١ԭΪǰλѹһʲôû뵽ʮżƷԪ
ʮżƷԪ޼֮ڻʥڶǼֵǶĶʮżƷԪһ̻׬ˡ
οƪͨ
᳤ãַϣ϶һЩûóסкηһַ̤˻ַۣϵĶǵģ
뵽᳤ҲϲЦտ̻Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ濴ǽԴϲ


966 뿪칬
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᳤ȴҡҡͷ۳ޣ󲿷ֶЯʣûпռ챦Ȼпռ챦ܹģԽսռ챦ڣûκҪϻȴС
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һЩֵĿʯ칬Ҳ˽Ŀʯ˴ɣ˻֮С
˻ȥЩ޵ֻϧЩޱַֻʣʮͷޣҪҲڻ޵ϣûеõʲôô
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ַÿŹڻ˵ϢѹλԪѹһЩδ֪εҡҡͷ
̰ʵ̫̰ˣЩ˸ûһ˭֮ǰַӦˣοεİסַҪȥʥǵԩȻ޿֡
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Ⱥ̰Եģʲô֮Ⱥ˻᲻سŵǰʥǣַҲûκΰա
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ʱĴתơѹʱҲвٵǰסһЩ׵һЩѧҲкһЩ׵˻챦Щꡢʮ궼ʥ޴½ȻĻһЩö
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ֻһ鱦ȺҲӦԧǰʥǣԧ˻鱦⣬ȻһżƷԪ
ȻֻһţҲǳַ⣬ʥ޴½ΨһһżƷԪַЩȣϸ룬ʵҲǲܡ
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ַľôˣʥ޴½ֻʱʱͣһطˡַõĻԵ޳飬Ϊ
ַҪʥˣţֻлʥǲģǻģ̨
ʮһὫսһرУҪȣҪκεִһǰʥǣ
˵ַ֮꣬ɢ͵һ㽫ʮս֮Сȷûʲô⣬ַ㻯Ϊһ⣬뿪칬


967 
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Ȼַԧ˶ԼͬĸϵǡΧǣǻ˻ǻǳĽΪǽǰʥǵֻ
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ԧһԧǵһʵдĹͶǻ鱦һû˻鱦ԧʵ
ȻڵԧѾȣһˣԧʵɱ䡣
ʲôֵãֻҪִܹʥǣ˵һ鱦ʮֵáЩ꣬Ҳ̫鱦ˣԻ鱦ˣųٳ޷ȥһˣҲ򡣺οѾһҲ̥ǣ֮·鱦ûҲû˰ɡ
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Ȼ֪񹬱ڶ᳤࣬ȴһ뷨ûСûڻʥеߣͲ֪Ŀֲֻһĸ
᳤жôֲ˵һ֮ϵ޵дˣǻ飬羴ΰڡ
ʮżƷԪ
ַгʮŨ֮ıʯǼƷԪΪ֮Ķ
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᳤ʮżƷԪĵĻϲ
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ݣ
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ԧóһʯͷʱַͷһ浱һֱûжĻ֮ȴ趯Ҷƺ涼𶯡
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֮ݵǿϢַ΢΢һʯͷʲôȻû֮ôʧ̬ƺȿ
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ϾԷ̻ᣬǾûвܽ׵Ķ
᳤ЩЩﶼս˻УǣЦ˵λȻţϷ۰ɣ̻ķִۣܿܵڤʥǣ
ʥǰλǰʥǡ
Ľҵʥ޴½ô꣬޴ҲȥˣϣѰһЩ챦ٽʱϣܻǰʥǵʸ񡣡
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Ȼһ󼱴ٵ˵Ŀ˲ԧǵӰ


968 ҵĶû
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ַ۾΢΢һУĿӹһۣǳ˵᳤һۣƣ
᳤ȻЩ죬ǵ˵ͷһڤʥһλպƶɣʵһ鱦ҲֻĻ鱦ڻдңԶľ룬赲һЩѡ
鱦˵ֵѣһۿ»֮Чɣ
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᳤Įַüͷ΢ֻһˣ˵ȥʥǣɣҲһһۣҸڹ̻ķһǰʥǣΣ
ַĸ֪ǳ񣬲֪ôģĿӹһϵطʱ͸оľļµĸо
ˣַ廹ĴǣοȺҲַ࣬嵱Ȼ÷ŵ㡣
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ķٶȣ֪²ִܵڤʥǣ
Ÿ᳤粽ãԷŵ۾Ѿһ˿ͷַҲȷԷһ࣬Ļ죬Ǿ̤ԷķС
᳤Ѿٸ̻ǰʥˣ̻ʥ޴½ѹεһЩԪҲᡣҸʮżƷԪԼ̻ͨỹ
ʱԧҲһ㲻ԾһصĶȺˡ
ЦǽףղѾ׳ɹЭ飬ֹԸǰʥǣ̻ΥЭ顣ִֹⲻԸǰڤʥǣҲǿڱǽ׵һ֣Ѿ̻ıˣֹ޹ء
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Χ̶ɢȥʲôЦǻ棬ﲻٵĻ棡һմϣ½һ˿ˣǳ鷳
ڶߣƲ칬ػˣʱ佫ǵ˶ա
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Ǹ᳤ʮλƣ˿ҲԶԶûַǿ󡣵Щ̻Ķڶ·ݷһɿµǱԨһǾ춯أޱȡ
٣вͷ࣡ҲԣҲ¸ǣԭû͵ʥǣڻڣնɱǡȻǻǸʶˣǾûʲôù˼ɵġʮΧɱˣٽʥ޴½ߣͳͳѹһ飬Ҳʥ޴½һˡ
ۼѾ˺Ƥ᳤Ҳ¶ס
Ƚӽʹ½Ļ½Ǻѵãʱ䣬ȫѹһ飿
ԭͦģֻϧΪһ򣬾޵ˣֱЦ󷽣ȻǵķۣѰ·
Ҳ׼ѹЩʹ뿪ǣҲ˵û뵽Զģն٣ûնɱȥתµҲѲˣˡ
˫˺Ƥ̻ʮλ˲佫ַԧΧһĻ


969 ͨһ
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οԧʧȥ˻鱦ʵ󽵣޷ַ
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᳤ЦѾ¶ģһҪߣҲҪʥ޴½ѹһ顣Щɱȡѵ˼̻ò׵һ̣£ܻöͻö档
ˣȺˣʥ޴½ɱ֮޺
ַѾ˼ޣʮλҲԾˣΪȼյĻ棬пХ
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᳤ЩԾ򣡡
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ǻʥ޴½ڶߵĿУ֪һšַ嵱սʱʩչͨһ֮ͨ£ǧƾˡ
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ƣȻ
еùļʩչĻֱӱַһͨ˺ѣ֮һҲתȥˡڶʱڣܹ
ҲַһնɱܸܵЩһ̣һѸٵʧȴ޿κΣ¾˿ռ򣬽ռҲκβ˶Է顣
Ȼ棬鲻
ûԼ鱦˲飬ַնɱλҲ޷Է顣
ͨջָƽȼյĻ棬ַĿƽûзɣΪ֪ڻˣ鲢ûн
ʱڣ᳤ŷ龰ɫࡣ
ڸղһɲǣ̻ˣǿλȻûл鱦ǿǶЩһ
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ڣʵݺһơ
ʧλǸ᳤صʥҲһᱻ᳤𷣣ûд£᳤ŭ֮£ϳ͡
뵽᳤ܵŭ᳤;ò
Уܾô뿪ˣַ޳ͨһܡֻнץסնɱֲ̻ʧ
᳤һҧ漴¶˾ģ֣Σնɱַ壡
̻˳̣Ȼ˱ݻǾҲǻôУΨһһλ޳ͨǿ
ԭ᳤뾪ڿûκβַˡ


970 
»ѱ
ڣһͷ߹ڣĮվڸ᳤ǰ
᳤æ͵Ҳ֮١ǻ߲ˣһ鷳ʥ޴½һ޳ͨɱ̻λҲϱдܡˣնɱ
᳤̬ܵͣòŵͣǿڣĴڣֻǶôͿǰ벽ˡ
Ȱ벽񣬽пܳΪǿڣ񶼻֮񣬸οǸ᳤
ϸ˵᳤ҲûָʹȨʸֻ̻鷳ʱо֡
Ŷͨ
һ˻⡣ڻ⣬Ļ棬ԼվŵһӰ
ԣΪһףǸҪǻıôܣʹ֣Ϊǿᣬնɱλ֣
᳤ߵǷǣεڸ᳤Լ̻·Ȼ¶Ǹ᳤̰ԣײ壬˭뵽һͻ½㲻ϵĵطȻ޳ͨ
ʲôԭ򣬼Ȼ̻Ĺ̻λΪ̻ᱣݻô£͵ó֡
Ϲأҳһ֣ϱҵһ룡
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ǣǣһԡ
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ಣ
۴Ŵ򿪣͵ķ˳ȥ
᳤Ҳߣַ֣ˣֻϧûܽƭĻƾõﻹҪ֣
ڸ᳤ַֻϱڶ࣬һ룬ʣµһҲֲʧλĻ̻ʧأøҪΣ᳤̻ͷ

ַվյУûмųֻ֣û棬εİסﲻٵĻ棬ͣһۣȻκβ˻ۡ
ϵطģϵ˸ţԼһ㵭Ĺââ·̺ƾգûκô
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ַ壬Ŀеȷ¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫӸ᳤Ѿ˽⵽ַ񹬣ͨ
һžǾطͨڵءٽַķԻȻܲ³ַͨǾطͨ
ҲдԵһͨɹһֻͨǳţҲ൱ѵˣڻʥУҲš
̻ᶯΣ
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ȴҡҡͷҲǻԵɺϣڻҵ˻ʥǡڽʥǺ֪жôĿֲ
ף̻ᱳһζʲô
㲻ףߣǿ࣡ûлԴʯѾվ֮۷壬ΰڣġ̻Ļ᳤һλвף־ܣ̻ǰʥǡʱΪ᳤飬㵱ǣʥǣһԵ
Ŀ峺̬ȳϿҡַףԷû˵ѣһˣ븱᳤˲ͬһλ׷ѰߣҲм˵ѡ
ĺˣҵıﻹڻϣҵĶ˭Ҳղһ⣬಻ת
ţ
絶ַ̫ˡ
ãûȥʥǵߣΪ޳ͨ޵У㣬ǲ֪ˣġˣúÿʲôͨ
ֶϣҲһ˿棬ַĻ治ͬ˿ƺЩ䣬꺮һ㣬նᡣ


971 һ֮

֣ƣֱۣͬ˽ɫƽһ㡣ϻһɫĻ棬꺮͵˻֮УȻ졣
֣
Ҳͨǽսͨһֻƣ·꺮һ㣬ɫĻ棬ͬƽʥĸо
֮׷Ϩһ㡣
ͨҲһͨѷɫھطͨĿͨ
طͨ
ַ䣬ûκԥһƣĻ磬γһ޴ΣԲ֮ȫС
¡
λľִ˲ըһ˲䣬طͨҲֵ쾡£ַ壬϶סһ֮ܵನĳ
⼸ĿǰַܹǿͨˣľطͨϾŵһأǿһصļޣˡ
һҲԵֵס
ַ۾ȴ͵һӱըģͨǿģȻһֻƽĴ֣˲˺˻档
ֱֻӳַݺһץûץַ壬ַо̹ǵĺ䣬·֮ᱻᡣ΢һЩƺ֮Ӳ
ͨ
ַѾ㹻ˣСȻһͨӲѹסַľطͨ
ͨûдﵽɣȴԶԶֻһҪǿˣ־ܰɣ
ǸɵģĴ֣·ǧգַץһץƺضץС
ַŨҵвУƺֻץסҲ޷Ƶġ⻹ַһͬ״ڣռ·硣
ǿҲַҲͬףַֻԽսΣַռ·硣
ͨôãǾͿܷͨһ֮
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ڣƾеĶ֣Ϊ綼£ڻʥǡ
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ⲻʲô򣬾Ǻܴͨǳһȭһȭȴ·Ƭ½Ƭ½Ҫֲơ
Ϊһ֮
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ܣⲻܡ
۾ôģ֮ɫͨǽսͨԼȴϣһŴͨǷǳϵĴͨ
ֻŴͨһͨɣͿɳΪʥ֮塣ųٲ򷨲մ˻ʥޣܵС
ֻͨǼ򻯶ֻһֱֻ۵ͨˣˣҲԶһСͨûɣҲûʲôֱ۷ֺ
Թͨ˺ѻ鱦ֱ۱֮鱦֪ǿ˶ٱ
ͨݺ磬֮¼û֡
Ȼ޵УиǿĴڣƫƧ֮һʥ޴½ߣʥǶûȥȴԻ֮Ӳֱͨͨš
ʥ֣
һŭϽƵĹâʢһɽɫתţͬʱֱҲָͬһƽսһ㣬֮С

ַҡҡͷ֪ʩչ˺εܹôصƾָһḶصĴۡ
ֻǣַġһ֮ζʲô
Ϊһܷ̣ͨ
¡
ˣһΣȫԸֱѾ޽ӽʥˣֻܿʥ֮һܣҲٲƣ򷨲մʥ壡
ˣ
һƵַͨͨһȭһȭȴ̺һ֮һֱǧڹӴȫ
ǵöôֲ
ͨҲȷǿһھҵĲ۾ڱǡ䣬ëж˽ɫҺ壬Ѫһ㣡
ͣ
ɫ䣬Ҳ֧Ųס͵һڽɫҺ壬ֱӱɣݺݵײ˻֮ϣһƵ
һ̣ǻڵĻˣɢߣ𾪣


972 
ˣ
᳤һĿɿڴģôܣǿǻ᳤Ϊ̻Ĺ
᳤ᵽһ䣬£֡
أȻˣǰܸ񣬶ǰܸһƫƧ½еֻһλ
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᳤̻ҲĿɿڴ𺳡Ҳûг֣ÿһγֶǸɾĽ鷳
ǵУܡڣȴ˾Ȼû֮һȭģƵֱϣƣ·һ㣬ľ˥һ㡣
ʱͨȥתޡ
Ȼ𺳵ĻԼͨжǿֻͨһֱֻۣҲͨĻ֮ܿ⡣
ڣʵǰҲɲš
ߣߣϽߣ
᳤ַĿɨ˹һ£̿Ž˻ȻŻ׼ʥ޴½
ﻹնɱַ壬ѹַϵıֻһͷǾӣӵԽԶԽá

ԧͬ𺳣˵ЩʲôֹȻҲǶһ򣬵ղַ֮ĴսЩ١
ַʵ̫Զˡ
ˣҵĻ鱦Լֱﻹڻϡ
ԧѵֲεս岻֡
ַ˵ͷȻȺ׾ٵľ뿪һ۷ǳ⣬ͨ޷ƣƵı
ڣֻ֮ܶˡ
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һ֮һַ֮嶼ȫһȭжôĿֲִĳЩͨ
۲ϵĵڷĵֵַĹò˵õȷǿַ̺һ֮һȭûܺƻۡ
ңԷĻۻٶȣʥ޴½һ뿪ʥ޴½Ի۵ٶȣ¾ַҲ׷ϡ
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ˣ޵Уնɱˣ
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ңҲŲֹһͨǿɵ֮ͨǿֱ
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һ˻ǲҲͳ֮һ
ַԺԾԾԣջǰסջ뷨
ĳ̶ȣɲһڻ϶͸ֻҪڻ֮УôٶܸӦ
ܸԻĸӦȻɱ񡣵أô׸һռ鱦ɱˣôף
иĿܣַ彫棬ֻҪַԼڻ֮Уڻ֮£ôܸӦ򣬴Ӷַ򱬡
ַҡҡͷɱЩ쿪סǰһۣȴ׾١񣬻۱סҲ޷ӦȻ޷Ҳͳ˰衣

ַ֮ͬһشһ㣬ݺݳŻ͵һҡ
䣡
۾ҵ𶯣Ҳϣڻ۵Ĳ㹻ֵַͣܵĹ
꣡
ϣܿˣַһ֮£ʧȥ󱣻ĻۣѾһ˿˿ơ
£۱Ȼᱻҵ÷顣
ַȴûмǿһۣôҲһƵĻ鱦Բó
ֻǱ˻򣬷ӲӦеˡĻ鱦ַɲ׸ˡ
ȺѾ֮ѾӲˣַֺαػٵĻۣ
ɣټڻֻ·һ
ַ帺վյУ鵭ĮӸµеĻۡ


973 ȥֻأ
ڣ᳤ɫ԰ֽҲȫȻߣ֮ˡ
ô죬ô죿
᳤Ѿû˷ִ磬ŻһԵѺۣҲټֵȥľҪתˡ
תôףһ·زۣתޣпܶ޷ָ۷塣
ˣ򲻵ѣû˻Ըתޡ
СˣӦһռȻܹǶڻĸӦ󰡣ǰˡ򿪷۰ɣһ
ܵشӵŻַ塣ԭΪֵϧַ츳ԸַһλᣬȥʥѰһԵ
û뵽תۼƾѾתˡ
᳤ûа취ˡ
Ҳûκϣˡ
ţ
᳤һҧַˡĿԺСڻֻ·һ뿪ۣһλķϣһ
ǣ۵ĴŴ򿪣᳤Լһ뿪˻ۣվַǰƺܽš
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ʱĻڣѾһˣһڣѻŴıҲ̻Ҫκαﶼܷ˽˵Ŀռ챦С
οҲô׵õһռ챦
ϸһ»ۣȷûκ©ַ㽫
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᳤˼æͨԼֱﶼ˳Щ˽˵ı̻ı
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أ
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ţΪβɱң
ɫȻĿûһ˿η壬η壬ֻǿַĿ⣬һ˿֮ɫ
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Żϵƺָܻܿ
û뿪ҡҡͷ뿪Ͳһȥ᳤̻棿
Σ
᳤̻һλ񣡡
ҲȥڤʥǱˣʥǣѵ᳤̻ɱʥǣ
Ҳһ¶Цݡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ڻʥڷһλܶõֶΣȫ޷ʵҲ᳤Ҳ֪˭ɱ˸᳤ˣù򣬺ܿܲ鵽ԣ㻹ǸϽ뿪ʥ޴½ɣߵˣܴ߾ʹߣŭһ½Ҳ׾١
ַ˵ͷлѣҲСģ棬ҲǨŭ㡣
޷Ҳٻڤʥǣȥʥǣгһȥ˾ʥǣϵ
˵ַ꣬ϵʽ󣬱תΪһ⣬Ѹٵ뿪ʥ޴½


974 ֮ʯ
㣬һ̤Ⱥ˵ĻۣɲԼˡ
ԧһ꣬ҲôˣڻдĸСĽ֮ԻŵΪ̫ǰʥˡ
ʥǡĸ֣·ŷͬһħ㣬˲ѣٽˣҲпܱջת
˵飬ֻҪ粻ƣôͲת޵ĹУֵѣܲ۷壬һ⡣
ң⻹ǣĳֹһǾҪĳִۡתޣػ۷壬ԺҪһҲ鷳
򲻵ѣ˭ҲתޡˣԧַǷĵĸм
ַӻеıУ߲ԼһżƷԪݸԧǿصʯոճַ֣Ļ֮־ҵƺǳġ
ַɫ죬ԧһǲʯ쳣ʵʯǵڻʱõġҵʱڻ֮УһСʹ½Ҳǻ½һƬֻһյľ޴ֻϧƺѾ£ڵʯӲޱȣʲô취޷ֺ
ֲѯ伮ǵ֪пǴ˵еĻֻ֮ϧʯʲôûκϡʯҲûʲôãгһգܹﾡá
ַһĻ֮ѵһĻ֮ʵַУҲѯϣûл֮˿
ҾͲˡ
ַʯ漴ʵԧղᵽ˻֪֮ǻ֮к֮
֮ȷΪ졣ԧЦЦ˵ڲѯʱŵ֪ԭл֮Ӧ֪ԴĴڰɣԴγɣ˶žڻУʱ䣬Եɺܹ֮γɡ
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ѾˣһƣΪ󣬱ַ˻޷ӳЧԭ
ڻ»ص˻磬Ĳ޸֮£ʵѾָˣǻ鱦
鱦ԺܲλҲרƵģʹԺܲĻ鱦ֻҪټԾӡǣܲٿ磬ʺڻд
ַ忪ʼεջ
Ⱥϻõֱкܶ࣬һͨ鱦Сټϻ̻ı⣬Ǳɶѡ
ַϸһܹг˶ʮͨǼַ彻׵ͨ鱦оżƷԪһʮš
ڻ챦ѧԼ䣬ǸʤһЩеַ嶼ϲܹ̻޽ۣǿ϶Ҳܲһ㡣˻ʥǣַ֪Щʲôˡ
֮⣬ԧǿʯԭַҪϸ鿴һЩЩͨһЩ鱦ʯһ̣еĻ֮ȴ·һ㣬һǿҵϢ͸¶żȵġ
ǻ֮ôʯȻһĻ֮ĸ£ǱضԻ֮дáҲգɣ׻ʲôı仯
ַţ֮ѾΪһ壬˵ַĹؼ
һַ嶼û֮ðգڵ֪˻֮ǻʯû֮ô
ַɴͽʯֱŲƽ棬˻֮ǰ
䣡
֮ûκԥĸѾ֮У˿ȴ֮˳͵Ĳʯ֮ϡ
꣡
𾪵·ˣԭޱȼӲͨ޷俪ʯȻ֮ĸУʯ̾ͳơ


975 鱦
ţ
ַĶŻ֮
ʯĻ֮ҶϵĻζţۿɼٶȣ֮ţҷǳѸ٣תۼѾһ
ױȵӴ󣬱ǰ֮Ѿ㹻ӴˣڸգҶסԲꡣ
ǺεȵӴ
»жҵôӴĻ֮ˡַҲ֮Ӧַںϣ̫汾ԴӶѾ족ˣǴĻ֮
ʱһţ֮ƺҲˣǺʲô·һӡӣʲôӣ
ַѾ֮ӣֱӣǧħлӣֱǧħΪȵȡ
֮ӵȷ죬һƺڲͬʯӦǶԻ֮кܴĺôոջ֮һޱȵӴ󣬵ҲֻʹʯСһȦˡûնʯ
ڣΪӣʯȻڲϵСţҿһʱỹ
⾿ʲôӣ
ַҲź棬ʱӿַ뿪棬½ĿŻص˻ڵǶѱϡ
ѱУż鱦쳣ۣԲǿҡ
ַһץץһģյĻ鱦ǿҵԲ鱦ûʲôݷõĳϣĲݻ鱦
ɣ֪棬ٲ֣ҿɾͻ
ַ΢΢һЦڻ鱦Ҳ˽Ķࡣһ鱦Ҫץסѣ˵շˡ
ַ岻һڣлõģ䱦⣬鱦ɲȥ
ˣַҲЩ鱦ˡ
յȴûκεĶַɴֱû֮̽յӵյڴһܾ֡Ϣ
Ȼյַܿ壬Ͽַλˡ
˼ȻģǵյӦʶֻɣ
ַƣһŻ渲ϣɫĻ棬ɢȵϢ
ˣ
Żĳ֣յ˶
һֺһӤСкӵյԻ˳
ҵĳϣͨҵĿ顣
ֺСк˵
ַ֪Скʵǻ鱦顣
ʲô飿
ҽƣֻܽΪһ塣Ļ棬ֻֻһֶѣ⻹ԶԶ뽫ֻɹҲΪ
ֺӤһ֣µģ
Ҫֻֻ𣿡
˻⣬л𡢻Լֻһֶѣңˣֻ𡣡
ַЦЦ˻⣬û˵ˡ˵鱦ѲѣҪϼѡ
ڿȻˣһƣѾѲҪֻǵˡ
ǲģҵУѵӳȥɣ
ߣûдﵽҵҪƿơ
ֺӤĹĵʧˣָֻƽ
ַҡҡͷЦһͷԣ㻹κβ㣿
Щ鱦һĶѲַҲֱ֮һ
䣡
֮ѹ£һԴ֪ǻ棬ͨһκεЩ鱦
ɾͲһַ岻ţЩ鱦ʱôޣ޷Ǿκβǡ
ַ֮ϯʱҲâʢǻ鱦˲ݣҪ֮ʮֵѡ
ַɲͨο֮һûе
¡
֮˲ϯٶʮ
ʱϵĹâȻ΢·𲻿ظһ㡣ǻ鱦⣬һⱻƣ鱦ܵˡ
ৣ
ղǸֺӤּææԻ˳ʱֺӤϣȴһƬĽ֮ɫ
ԸΪ飬Ҹղŵð
ֺӤ˵ģַЦ˵ڻҪֻ𣿡
ˡ
ڻҪͨĿ𣿡
ˣǻһĶţΪָտɴܹϣҵҡ
ӤССϣȻҲ˹ά֮ɫҲ֪ѧģַ֮С
Щ鱦ҲӲд˵ôշ
ǻҿ¾ӡǣ
Ƽæâʢַ徫ӡǺ谭Уǳ鱦


976 ͨͨ
鱦ֻ΢һ㣬ֻҪõͬͷǳļ򵥡ַ׾پڿ˾ӡǡ
֮ԲӡǣΪߵĸʧ޷ɢһ顣
ܹɢһ飬ǽ뵽鱦ڣ鱦٣Ҳʧǿɾ͵òʧ
ˣûλӡ鱦
ַƺȻҲƵ죬ֻƺܹںһγһȫµĻ棬
кã
ܶһЩǿҵвַ˵Ķ֣ĵѾˣЩͨİ벽ΰ
ƶ⣬ַ½˼鱦ͬİ취һһַЩԵЩ鱦ԼѡַһҲ޷
ż鱦Уǽ͵Ļ鱦ʵ鱦ڻҲȽձ飬ַǡǡЩ͵Ļ鱦ûʲôȤ
ҪЩ͵Ļ鱦ԶԶȲַͨԼַ֮Ҫ֮ã
ʣµ鱦һǷ͵Ļ鱦ǿ⣬ֻ赲һͨһַ˵ʤޡ
Ǹ͵Ļ鱦һǴ͸ͻ鱦ԸˡУһĻ鱦Ȼϵıַ˵칬ַûʲôô
ֻһ鱦ҲأıһʯǻȻȻһ鱦ߵΧҪǶ鶼кô
ıӰ֮£õЩЧʴߣڸеĻ鱦ַպá
ǣַ㽫ıߣ鱦浱Уʲôʱóʹá
ַ彫ͨ˳ӻַõܹʮַͨԼͨʮͨ
ʮͨǷʥ޴½У֪Ѫȷ磬κλ½ͷѪ
Ͼһͨľĳλĳ̶ֻȡˣһ̶ֻܹͨսʵܹ߶ڻ򣬴Ӷһ
ʮͨСͨһڻеģҲֻСͨڴͨҪĿֲͨڻ֮У
ַԷȴʮֱֳͨ࣬ͨͨ
Ҳַ֪ԭͨΪࡣ
ܼͨ򵥣ԹΪӶֲַ֮ǰõͨˮ绹Ǵ֮ìֻɹľطͨʵͨķ롣
ͨҲҪ򣬵ȴԼĻ֮ϡͨƺĳͨ
һͨ߱ǿҪնɱ쳣ѡңͨЩģ»ʥ޶ˣһͨ㲻лʥޣʥµЩޣѿ֡
ֻϧͨǳͨҲ٣ǳĺַõʮͨУҲֻͨ
ַһͨĸȤʮͨʵطͨ
ͨھڶַܹ࣬طͨ磬Ѿ൱ˣͨ
ңͨҲҪĻǾ͸ˡ
ַܸͨȤȻȴ棬ȫһ֮һ
Ļ治Ķ֡ɼͨжôͬСͨУͨҲձͨҪռһЩƣȻҲء
ֱͨʥԼʥ塣
ʥ壬˼壬һλɱһͷͷᣬһͷޣ
ʥ壬ҪҲַһμͨҪģҲλ辶
ȻҪ򣬵ȴҪѪ
Ҳ˵Ҫ޵ľѪжѣͺٺ٣οӻ㵱ͨҲΪŭ֮£ֻһֱڻʥǡ
һ뿪Ϳܱŭնɱһλǿ޳˴ͨˣοˣ
ˣͨ
ַڿͨʱԺȴһһ뷨


977 
ַȻǲͨģҲû㣬ͨ˲仹ҪѪַ뷨
ৣ
ַһ֮һ˳
ףʮˣûȥʥǣ
ʮַʱս棬˵ڻַ֪Ѿնɱ¡ַ򵥵Ľ֮ǰ½һ飬ľսҲǲ첻ѡ
ˣᵽͨ
Űʥ塣
ַ彫ʥʮһۣʮҲܺ棬˰ʥ󣬻ҵĲĿǼ֮ɫ
⣬⡭Ը⽫ͨң
ȻŰʥ壬ҪѪȻûѪӵһ˿ѪҲӦͨҾӦûʲô⡣ƾͨΪ޵ļʽӡ
ްǿޣ
ûκһͷܹܾġջ󡱣οⲢǡջ󡱡ʥ壬ֱͨΪ졣
λҲû뵽гһգܹͨ䵽һͷϡͨĽܣһͨɣͨ
Ҳ˵һͨķʥɣ˵ΪΪȴûϣ
Слˡ
ʵⱻַշ̤̤ʵʵҲûκһ˿ġߣ˭Ὣһͨڸޣ
ַֻ壬ַĿУܵ޲ĶԴƺַѾԼˡ
ȻججַҲһ㶼ûп񡣸ˣһǰ;ˣ򸴺
ַ˵ͷҲвףǸ֮ģŽͨڸܲɣ͵ÿĻԵ컯ˡ
ˣȥͨɡ
ַ˻֣£֮ôʹ󷽵ĽʥʵϻΪַѾʺͨ
Ǿͨһͨʥ壡
ʥ壬գҲ֪Ⱥô޵ͨģ൱ĹءҲ޷ж䵽СͨǴͨ
ΪǲȱģֻһŲȱͨ
ǲȱͨѾʮֻ棬ֻҪͨķЩ涼֮У޳ʥ塣
ͨһҪǾǻ򡣲ֻ棬ֻҪǻ棬Ƕڻ֮¡
ֻ˻ʥʱŲᱻų⣬Ųᱻճɻҽ
һʥɣͨӵĪ֮
Ī֮ΣַҲгʮֻ棬ַ͸оǰһ
ʮֻ棬ַֻʶмְˡǽõʥ֪ͨԭжôĻ档
ҪʥͨȾǻһлĹǸ
ξոֻ棬Щʥ塣
ףƲֻѵʥͨйأ
ַһƺͨйأƾͨġ
ڻһЩ¼Ⱥ˼صġ
Уַ廹ҵ˴𰸡
ԭյԼͨǵһ½ǿߣԳҲΪȥʥǣӶ̤˻ۡͨԼƣ׵ġ
ֻϧ֪һ̤ϻۣǼѡˣѾ᳤ɱתȥˡ
ַͨõˡ
ַҲûгɣͨǲȱģ˵ǲȱȱͨʮֻ棬ҲΪһͨ
ˣ˵ͨҲ˵ùȥȫû⡣
ؼԺУȥ棬ҪģַΪ淢ھӵֻ棬ͨû⡣
ֱַóƣƵ˵ͨӦ֪ôɣ
ֺӤ鼱æͷֻ֪֪ܻ֮ѾϤˣû⡣
ıַ֤ҲܷġӵоطͨͨԶԶЩʱһЩսвû̫õİ취ֻ֮ܶ
Ǹһ˻ʥǣƵ¶棬ַܸоᱩ¶Լĵơ
ˣһֲ̰ͨڱˡ
ǣַ嵱칬ڣеֻ棬ʼͨ


978 ʥ
棡
ǻ棬ʵ棬ڻͨͬʱҲձĻ档һ˵棬ᵽ档
ﲻ٣ʵֻǻһֻ棬棬һɾˡ֮𡱵
ַڻϤˣͨʹõĵһֻǻ档
ˣ
ɢһ⣬ȵĻѸٰסַ塣Щ棬Ȼ˲ַ壬Ϊ˻
лЩ档
ͨһҲؼһܻ֮һνҪȻѾķˣһֻѾ̫
ͨͬͨԻôӣֻҪһ򣬾Ϳĳͨ
ͨǳֲעصҪҪɡʥ塱֡ʥ塱ҪģЩʥޡ
Щʥޣʵʥ壬ͨͨġʥ塱ʵʥޣʥ塣
ֻû˵λͨӶʥʥޡ
ⲢͨǿͨΪģ»ʥޣʥʥ壬ͨҲѵһλʥʥ顣
ʵûʲô̫
ַֻͨΪֲ̰壬սǲΪͨɿͨ򣬳Ϊ
ͣ
ַĻ֮ʵԭǻԪ֮ʥ壬ˣʼ죬Ļ뵽ַ֮Уһķʽַ
ַڶ⣬·𶼳ӿȵĻ棬ȼš

ΪôףٲôǳʹࡣǸıĸԳƵǡܡ
ַ־̲סкжôʹࡣͺһѪ⣬ÿһÿһ붼ܵ尾
ͨеһ֣ǵһҲؼһûĻͨ͹һ
ʱһĹȥһ졢졢졭
һµʱ䣬ַ˻һµʱ䡣ʹַ࣬嶼ףٳʹࡣ
ʹֻһΣֻڵһγ桰ܡʱŻôʹࡣ

ַ峤˿Ҳ۾һµġܡ֮ǳˡȻڵַԶԶƲʥ塣
ͨı׼ʮֻ棬ųƵʥ塣ʥ壬ûСɣ˵Ǵˡ
ˣʥ壬ַãСͨô򵥡ǲǴַͨҲΪҲûмͨԡ
ͨȷܲ򵥣ڽֻǡַֻһֻ桰͸о֮ڣ޾֮ǰʮ
ŽֻһֻˣֻǴ˸
ַƣŻ𡢻Լַֻ뵽ַڡ
̶ַʱ䣬ַġʥ塱ѾЧˡƤޱȵĹһ˿˿Ĺâȴûлȣּ͵ĸо
棬ȫȣкͬһҲһЩȵȣַ֮ġʥ塱Žֻ棬ѾȣͨѾľ
ַһѾطͨһصˣҷǿǾطͨҲһ˺ַʥķ
ͨ
ַҲǲһ̰壬ÿ뿪ң׼뿪ʥ޴½ʱȻһ滹һ֮ƺһʯʱˣҲ֪ʲô仯
ǣַ彫ʶ֮УҲ˻֮
֮ҲûˣַЩƵǿʯȴʧˡ
ʯʧˣ
пյһƬ֮ب֮СַĴ֮һеףʱһ£˲ˡ
ԭʱ䣬֮Ѿȫʯˣ֮Щ仯
ַϸһ仯С
֮ڣһ޴ӣڲͬɵģϻһЩֵ··Ȼɣİء
֮ӣ죬ֵӣַδǿʯӦǶԻ֮ǳõһʯ֮ɺҲôһӣӵڲͬ
ַ֮£þ̽ӡ


979 һһ
䣡
ַľסʱǰһ漴ܵĿռһ㱣ȵָʱȴѾһƬ֮䡣
⡭գ
ַ۾ڵľȷͣһƬ֮Сһİ磬ƮƮǳʣ±ǲӿĴ󺣣Լ಻ϵһƬߡ
ַľȥӲϵĺߣճһӴĴ½½֮ϣһͷͷʷǰ޳û
ЩޣӴӵſֲȻԶԶǧħ񣬵ƬҲ޵еİˣ൱ڰ
鲻Ǻܶ࣬ƺûʲôܵǻӴʷǰڲϵɱţķѾǳơ
ַþɨһȦ粻̫󣬲ֻ൱ϰٸĸôӴ󣬶Һռ߳ϡ
ַƣȻܣѾƵһˡ

ַ˺ܳʱ䣬˳ʱȴֽȥһСʱ䣬˵Ӧʱٲ
һС磬ǿԱȣʵʱٲַ棬ʵҲʱٲȡΪַڻ֮У˸Ըʹûʱ䡣
ղС磬ȣʱٲ໹ܴ
ǸСȥʮ꣬Žȥ£̵ʱ䡣
ַ忴Ż֮ϵӣһЩʲôˣѵԧᵽ֮ӣһһ磿
һһ磬ǲ˼顣
ַ壬ҲЩ˼顣˵һɳһ磬û뵽һҲܻһ硣治һȻַҲ̺һӴ棬ľѪһһ
治֪˶ٿͷڣֻ֮һʯȴһ磬ӵ硣
۴ķⶼһ硣
ַ뵽Ҳܹܹƿصġ
ǣַоӣȻľܿпӡǣһ鱦һôס
ƿס磬ַͺӵڵַ˵΢ȴԲϵĳɳ
ҸҪǣһ磬ӵ޵Ŀܣ
磬һЩĻ鱦Ҫ籾ԴôͿԶ֮УĲܾܿһ鱦
ֻߣҪһЩ˲ţǶ֮ȵȣ֮ƿһ̫ĺôһʵϵ
ңŽֻһ磬պʯ᲻ڶӣڶ磿
Ǽпܵ£ңͨӣַҲȷеӦþǻе֮ѾǴ˵еˣû뵽ַõ
ַõֻһӣԴ֮ϣ񶼳ɳһɳĻ֮
ַ֮໥ɾͣΪߣ˫ĳɹ
뿪ˡ
ַʱ䣬ʥ޴½ʱҲˡԣҲһĵ̻ᱳλŭӶǨŭʥ޴½ַڲߣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ǣַ뿪ңһͨ칬ټһЩ
ʯȵȣַйϵĻˡַٵ칬
ַĿֻһѯǵԸԸ뿪ʥ޴½һǰʥǡ
һĻԵʯ˾ͷ׷״ӦеַһЩˣҲ˸߲ңޱȵ˷ܡ
ȥʥǵĻᰡζ벻гһվȻǰʥǵĻᡣ
һЩͨķʽַ֪ǰʥǡһĶͨҪַ塣˸ı
ʱַ岢ûҲûжЩﶯġ
Ȼлۣܹ˸ǰʥǣЩŵùˣÿһ˶ߴܳʱ䡣
İˣ
ַҡҡͷĮȻԵʵʩģ
ִԵԵߵ֮ǸǻַҲʲôЩ˻ʥǣҲܳΪİס
ʥǣǿ߱أַҲֻԼһˡ
ʱˣ̣
ַ彫˶ٽ˻ۣ칬壬ɢһλ񣬺пǨŭʥ޴½һЩ˶ʱ뿪ʥ޴½ܷͷ
ϾַҲ̻λ񣬾᲻ŭӶǨŭʥ޴½б޻ûġ
뿪ˡ
ַ塢ԧʯˣ˶ʥ޴½˺ܳʱ䣬δ뿪ʥ޴½
ŻɣҪ뿪ʥ޴½ˣҲһ˿ᡣߣΪ׷ߵľ磬ʱ뿪ܿвᣬȴǶԼǰĻʥǺ档
ǻʥǣģߵʥأ˶ĵطĶŻʥǡ
Ҳڼ٣תۼʧ˻˶ĻʥǷȥ


980 ʥǣ
ʥǵʲô
ԧšǶʱҲƽûеʥǵߣڻʥǵħˡ
ôྪž޵ĶķԼͨ鱦˽ףֻΪ˵õһʥǵ
ʥǣʥأʲôӣ˭Ҳ
ַȻҲܼȴûôֹۣܶôõĶûмǰãһܾͲЩʧ
οַ廹ںȥʥǣ
ݻ˵ϣһʥǣҲֻλʥʥȻųƻģʵϣʥǵĵطġ
ôӴʲôƫԶ򣿷лʥĵطնܷʢ
ʥǷֱʥǡʥǡڤʥǡԪʥǡϼʥǡʥԼʥǡ
УڤʥǾ̻ܲڵأַȻͶȥڤʥǡ
ʥǣַʵһ֪֪һϢľǾʥǣΪȥ˾ʥǡ
Щʥλøַͬʥǵ̫˽⣬Ҳ¶ġ
ַ廹ѡֻһ֮Ե¹䣬ĺַ⡣
ˣַջѡ˾ʥǣȥʥǣ˽ʥǵһĴ㡣
ݻṩϢʥǵľʵͦԶַŻۣ˻ϵٶ֮죬ֱ˼
Ȿר·Ļ鱦Ȼͬһ㡣ٶȣֻҪʮʱ䣬ִܹʥǡ
·ǺܿģڻڣҲ׷׾ǱޣַҲĥеӣķչ
ͬʱҲŬûԴʯĻ򣬵ⶼһһϦܹɵ£ֻջۡ
ַҲᵽˣʮϰʱ䶼޴ĸо󣬵Ƕʼʱо˵Ļ
˵ʮϰ꣬ʱûдҲ
ַлԴʯͨοʮĵֻܹʱˡ
ַѡǻռ
ռʵǳ򣬵һ򣬺ôȴġһ˻ռ½ֻǳҲ˺ռˣпռ䴩
̫̫󣬹Ǹ·ŷУ֪ҪķѶ೤ʱ䡣˿ռǳգһԿռ䴩㲻̫ԶҲԶԶȻ۷Ҫ졣
ҸҪǣһ˻ռǱǴһЩΣյĽأҲȥ
ַлԴʯҲ˻ռ޷Ǻķʱ䳤һˡܺķѶ೤ʱ䣬ַ嶼Ҫռ
ʮʱҴҶַ廹ռʱȻһ·ܵһΡ롢嫵Ϣʱգַмһ˿Ҳ޷ƽ
ţ
ַ۾˻۵ĿڡڿڣѾվˣԧЩˣһĶ޶ƺûиӦʲô
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ַЩ졣
ԣӦˡ
ܼԧܼܼΨЩˣڱչصУûκζ
ĶӦˣ⵽ʲô
ַЩɻ
ԧ˵û´ӦǴ˵еĻ߹򣡡
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ַ΢΢һ㶣ʲôǻ߹
ҲڴĿԧۼʶḻ»˭ҲȲԧϾԧڻд֮ãһЩҲš
ԧ˿漴͵Ӧ˵ɣֻҪ飬ô飬򣬼̶Ϊ񡣶֮ϣһλʥ𣬻ʥϸϣʵҲֻʥǽڻ֮У粻ƣʥΰĲڡ
Ҫ뽫ڻ֮У⿿ûõģÿԴʯΪֻлԴʯУŻԻ߹ֻ߹򣬲ܽڻ֮С߹ͳһйһˣҲʥ֮£һоϵ˵ЩǿĻʥޣʥ֣Ҳɱ
ԧϸַͣһ
Դʯٴ˻ԴʯϢ֮ǰõ˻ԴʯϢֻ֪ӵлԴʯлΪʥ𡣵ȴ֪Դʯ
ڣַˣ߹ԭԴʯ̺߹ֻ߹򣬲ǵõ˻籾Դĳϣܽڻ֮УɾͲĻʥ
Դʯ൱һƾֻ֤еõƾ֤лõ߹Ͽɡֻеõ߹ϿɣϣΪʥ𣬲
Թ񣬻ʥһ֣Ҳûгֹʥ𣬿Ĳ𡣼Ҳпĥ𣬻һң
˲Ϊʥ𣬴Ӷ
ˣһ˻ԴʯϢԴʯ񣬻һЩϹ̲סᡣ
ǳɵ֮κ߶׷
ַҲӵĽУһŻԴʯܷܰȫأѱᱻ˷֡
ˣַСĽĻһй¶ϢַʵǿʮٱҲһܱסԴʯ
ڻԴʯȻûʲô뷨ǶǸͲʲô
ɺܼԭҲܼ򵥡
ȻﶼܸӦ߹ˣôԭҲֻһǾʥǣѾԶˣ
Ȼֹһʱ䣬˾Ѿǰһ·޾Ĵ½ب֮С
·ޱʥߡǿϢһ֮ʼֺһеĽ޾İء
ʥǣʥǣ
бκһ½ʥƲǴ½һڻ֮У·ģɢʥϢĳǳء
ֻһӴ󵽱Ȼ½ҪӴĳǳأȫһΰ֮Ӳɵһǳء
ʥʥʥΰһʥǡʥΧһ򣬸ʥ֮ϣ˱ܡ
Ǿ߹Ϊ֮߹
Ӵһǳأǻʥ𣿡
ǵģһǻʥǣǵĿĵأʥǣ
˵ʥоʥ򣬲֪٣
ȻģûӦһڲͬл֮ϵϢ𣿿Ǿ߹򡭡
˶ھ̾ʥǵΰھ̾߹ĺ嫡
ַֻ壬ڸܵʥϵ߹ڵǿԴʯȻף͵һ𶯡


981 ߹
Դʯ
ַһ𣬾ܱϲɫȴĺܽšǻԴʯһʲôע⣬ǲǵòʧ
һֱַ͵Ľ뵽ʥǺ󣬻Դʯ᲻ᱻֵ⡣
ڸոտʥǣûн룬ԴʯѾ˶ַβţҪǣַڻԴʯ˽ⲻ֪࣬ԴʯΪζ𶯣
ǣַѸٵĽʶ֮УһУԴʯץУȻԴʯھҵ𶯣ȴûзɳļ
ţϢ߹򣿡
ַһȻӻԴʯڣܵһϤİϢ˵ϤΪ֮ǰӦϢǰĻʥ֮С
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ַ򣬵߹ȴһ֪⣬ֻ֪Ӧͳлǻ֮ϵĹĳ̶ֳϣ߹ʹŻ硣
Դʯ̺߹ַǰҲ֪ԧ˵ҲֻǴšڣַӦˣȻ߹
֮İҲΪַ֮ǰڻԴʯУδܵ߹Ϣܵ˻ʥǵ߹Ĵ̼ˣԴʯڲŻ¶һ˿߹Ϣ
ַ彫˻ԴʯС
䣡
һɺ嫡ߡǿΰϢԴʯС
ַġڻԴʯУǰֹûгֹĻȻȫˣҡӵһɺ嫡ΰĹ
Ǿ߹߹֮£һл򾡽Գ
߹򰡣
ַҲܼҪȥӦ߹ֻǻûп͸ܵһȻԺһͬ
䣡
ַعȴѾ˳棬ǿԴʯѾûپҵˣǾ֮С
ַ˼ղͼ߹ͼ߹򣬵ûʲôãֱӱ߹𡱳˻Դʯ
ӦĿǰַΪ磬»߹ʸûС
Ǽǰʥǣ
ԧȻڶַع˵ĿⶼԼϡԭûַĲݣѾͣΪַʲôǡ
ԣȻѾˣʲôǣ߰ɣʥǣ
ַ˵ͷʼŻۣѸٵĳžʥǷȥԽǿʥǣַԽĸӦ߹
ʥе߹ƺԴʯе߹ͬﲻַͬ˵ֻǸоƺʥǵ߹򣬺һ˿鶯Ѿ˭ƿƵġ
ţʥǵ߹ѾʥաԴʯе߹ûб˭ס
ַаĲ²⣬ԴʯǳΪʥƾ֤ʧ
۵ٶȺܿ죬תۼ˾Ѿ˻ʥǵģɢĹâ߲ϵĽһͷͷĻޣҲɵĽʥǡ
ҲŻۣڵִʥǰ˻ۡ
ַҲͬˣԶԶı˻ֱۣӷгŻʥǷȥ
Ҳûʲôܿͽ뵽˻ʥǡ
ǻʥǣҺЩһ
ǲ̫һǻ֮ƺ
ƺлҲޱȵϢƺӵס
ԣǻˣ
ڶ˷ܣеľҪ򣬴Ӷ̤֮·ܹ̤֮·ǳϡ١
ԭڻ翣ֲ˭ӵлԴʯ˵ֲ˭нĻԵ
ַǿŻԴʯлԻǿֱԻȻٶ
ԧǽ뵽񹬣ڵ⻷İܹһ򡣵ûĻԵҪ̫ˡ
˾ʥǣǾȵķ֣ʥеĻȻ˵洦ԸӦҲһֻ򣬶л˵
򣬲֪жİ
츳ģ˵ջ֮£ҲһѹôߣôŻʥǡ
ǱΪߵʥأлֶΣͲ½طеġ
ַ峯Ϸ˿ԼԸӦһϵĹ֪֮ôԻô׾ٵĸӦ򣬾ǵϵ߹
߹ͳйһзԴͷһԴͷסʥǣȻͬסʥһ㡣
ʥѾˣס
ʱСʵʥ޴½Ҳݣ۰һʥǣȴԵС
ʵʥǵѾס


982 ٻ
ס
ַ忴˿ԧˡַֻԼνȥѰסУô˸ǾͲĿĵĴѰҡ
ãַھʥǻһˣ
ǣַ尴ϵʽһѶϢ
ܿ죬ܵĻظַԭصȴһԶɵһϤӰȻ
û뵽ô͵˾ʥǡ
λЩҪ鷳һ
˵˵Ϊúýһʥǡ
ǣַǰһ¥Ҫһż䣬ڱθӦڶ۽硣
洦ɼڻ½ֱ󡣱Ͼֻܹãһ¥ż䣬󣬲ǻʥǣ˵궼Ϊ
΢΢һЦλһ·ʥǣʲô鷳
鷳ûУʥȴܲ
ַҲп
ȻʥǣǾʥ߹򣬳Ϊʥʥǣ߶ѾѪҪʥǡֻ꣬ͨҲȱȽǡ˵ʥ޴½ˣǴͻ½ǧͻ½ҲԶԶȲʥǡ
ַ˵ͷҲʶˡڷ״½һλûмʥ޴½λҲܸߣȴ״½Ƭ½ûһλʮλϰλ
ĻޣַϵĻ޶ͷ
Žֻһʥ޴½ջǵʥ޴½Ȼӽͻ½ֻǽӽ
ʹ½֮ϻдͻ½гͻ½
ַһʥǣߵʥءжٻ½ʥ𶼲
ô½ô飬ھʥеж٣¶಻ʤ˵꣬Ϊǡ֡
ոַ˽ʥʱߣ󲿷ֶʥеʢ
ϸ㰵ͷ˵ʵʥǣҲͻ½һʥȻ⣬£ʥƼ̻ᡢš塢ߵȵȣָʤһ⣬Ψʥвվסš
ҲҲҲҪռ鱨ԴˣڻʥУʥǹ涨Ĳֶ⣬һнԿɡÿλ߶ΪԴŬҪôҪô齨һʥǣ鶼ʥأҲǳпᣬûԴһܿ϶١̻ᣬԼ̻ᣬ֮ڻð̣ĿĲҲΪѹԴ
ַ˵ͷʵλ⡣Ҷһһ޳飬ΪȻ֪в޾ûκġ԰
ֻҪУֻҪиߵֻͣҪҪԴôͻᣬʥҲ⡣
ֻǿޣҪʲôԴʥڿ꣬һֱΪΪֹ
ַȻ˵
ʥǵĻ˵ʥءǽʥǣǲûܵκεʥĵطʥ߹ｨһʥǣȫܰУôλΪûκδۣ
Ŷʲôۣ
ַһݣƺʥҲô򵥡
ȻдۣʥǶ߹֣κ鶼޷סʥ𡣾ʥ䳬Ȼ⣬֮ߣһ뵽˻ʥǣֻסʱ䡣ʱһ͵ýһ鼫ƷԪܼסһʱ䡣
£۾һš
ʲôʱҪһżƷԪ
⡭ʵ̫ˣһżƷԪ
أƷԪв٣ƷԪȴûеõκһš
ҡҡͷѾһİˣ̫ˣһܲ𡣱ַʮżƷԪԧҲһżƷԪ
ַһǶַ֣ʵ֮ǿõƷԪȻʲô
ԧʵҲ㹻ǿʥ޴½ĵһڻдʱ䡣ˣԧҲֻõһżƷԪˡ
ƷԪжôԻá
ѹֵַóƷԪʱȺ˻ôˡ
ȻʥǵȷãߵʥأҲȫ޴ۡ
ַﰵ뵽漴ʵǰһûмƷԪֻΣ
ʥǣҵƷԪĻҲ޷ʥǣ߹ļ֮£û
һʱ䣬ַȼλЩˣһĶĬ


983 
ȵȣ߹ļ֮£˭Ҳ޷Ǵڿռ챦еأ
ַȻ뵽һ֡ȡɡİ취
΢΢һ㶣漴Цŵ˵ͷռ챦ڻкټڻʥпɲټʥеóֱڿռ౦ﵱУȻް㲻ڻʥоסΪڿռ챦ڣҲ޷ܵʥǵֱôǴӻ챦гǾ͵ýɼƷԪˣһ⡣
ַˣʵЩ档
߹һУ᲻ҲʵڽʥʱַͲ߹϶һɨ
棬ƺּ졣߹Ҳܣַ廹ǵСĽ֮ãӦòᱻ֡
Ƕ֮汩¶߹ļ֮£ѱеĻԴʯ֡
ˣڻʥУַ²֮ܶĻַҲѱԴʯ֣ʥϵʥѾ߹򣬵Դʯȱʥòţѵܴˣ
ַ岻˿ķɣҺãʥǲַȻҲ趯֮ˡ
лΪҵȽ󡣡
ַһ񣬾ЩһЩʶϸ⣬ַڻʥУ·
ûȥֻأѾĶˡҿӣôˣӦùһԺУҵطܴ󡣡
Ŀһתַ󣬾ַ֪ܲΪҪôˣȻѾˣǾ͵ðúá
ԣƼĵط
ַǷȱľססܰ٣ֻҪƷԪ취οаʱ䣬ż
طУڻʥǣֻҪлԪʲô򲻵񣬶ǲܡסҲིڻʥǣӦöѾܵˣޱȵʵϣ̶ȣҲкܴ𡣡
ԽǿʥڵʥԽˣʥеǿ̻ỹţֻǿ඼ѡڿʥĵطԽǿʥĵط۸Խǰ󡣡
ַǰһȻЧ
ʵϸ룬ʥΪҪл߸ӦǴл
һҲܸӴٽǧټƵĽʥǶӡ
ʥĵط۸϶ܰ󣬼۸ҲԶԶܳܵġ˵˵һĵطɡ
ַ֪֮ȻҲСңʮżƷԪ⣬м鱦ҲֵһЩƷԪ
ҲֻмʮżƷԪˣ꣬ĻʥǵУʲô
΢΢һЦ֪һԺ䣬һλ벽ľλ벽ҪһĻ鱦ˣ׼ʮżƷԪȻǸطʥѾԶˣݾûġһд󣬹öҪˣǳķ㡣
ʮżƷԪôͷȥ
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ַ˷˰ʱѾܵˣԽɣĸӦԽģԶġ
ͣûмǰɣĻܸܲӦĻͺ˵ˡ
ַĿ֮ɽ塢̻ĿǸֽȺǶ಻ʤҴ󲿷
ʵʥѾкԶľˣΪʥǵķ
뿴ׯ԰
̧ͷһһ޴ׯ԰濴ƺããܹһǱȽϴġ
ɷȥһۣ
ַѯʵ
Ȼԡ
ϵʽׯ԰ˣҲһλ˳ַ档λǺ飬ַ˽ׯ԰
ׯ԰ĿȻǰ
ռ̨ͤ¥鿣һƬ˼ɾ˵סַˣס³ǧҲڻ¡
ԭ⴦ׯ԰Ҳλ׼ɣֻϧΪԭֵˡַ⣬˫־һּۻۣԾſżƷԪɽ
˫ԴϲλҲܺˬʰһĿƷַ󣬾Ͱׯ԰
ַҲܸлĽܡ
ҲǣǰȴַѵС̻Ļ᳤񣡡
ţǻʲôϢ
ҡҡͷûлʲôϢֶΣھʥǣҲһЩֶΣӰ쵽ǡˣСļɡ
ַ˵ͷĳˣлѡ
ǣҲַǣ뿪ׯ԰


984 
嫵ĻУ·һ⣬޵
䣡
һ΢⣬˲ӿռһ˳תۼͻһͷ߹ڣ˼ӣ޾Ϣ
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յͼʥ޴½һСͻ½ͻ½㲻ϣڣôʧܣ
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ǸϹ鿴ֻϧһۼûˡ
ûֶΣ
ʱݣ
ָһ㣬ʱзԲֻܽһСƬ򣬵ܸоϢŨ
ˣʩչʱݡȻǣ浽ʱ򣬵񱾾˸ֻҪݸ㷶Χʱ⣬ﷶΧʱݶ˵̫ѡ
ʱݣгһƬƣͬˮһ㣬ϵĻεгһĻ棬Ȼַȡ˻ַۣĻ档
أ
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Ҳң
ݽҧһִ̻ᣬҲǺķѪÿ궼Ϊ˲ٵ棬òײŷչĵز
ڣڶնתޣ֪೤ʱܹػ۷壬ʧɾʹˡ
Ȼ׻һַߡ
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۾΢΢һУʱݵĻҲַʥ޴½ߣһʲô칬Ĺ
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칬ַ壬ðձ񣬽칬𣡡
ƺƵһ㣬ʥ޴½ÿһ䣬ߣǻ˻ǻƲסĵĿ־塣
񣬽գ칬ڽˡ

ʥǵׯ԰ڣַ岢֪ңԶʥ޴½һִ칬Ѿ𣬾֪ˣҲ޿κΡ
ʥǣַ岢û̾СΪҲһһϦ£˽ʥǵ
ȻҲֻ˵ĺַܿȥˣһµʱ䣬ַ嶼ڻʥйš
Ҳ˽ʥǵ
ʥǣȻΪʥǡ˵һƬ½ΪǳĴ󣬾ȫУҲ޷ڶʱڷɵͷ
ʥڣûаҹ֣֮ÿ춼ǰ죬ɢ޾ĹȡԽǿʥ򣬻Խ
ʥڣóȷһƺԽסԻԪͨţ۸񰺹΢ֵһĶüƷԪס
ַǰʮżƷԪ֮ǰ⴦ׯ԰ȥ˾ſţʣ¶ʮ߿żƷԪ
ڻУȻһʺƣǸСڻʥڣңͲ
Ȼסڻʥڣۺܴ󣬵ȷʺСҪһЩԴҲܷ㡣
ͨ鱦챦ȵȣӦоС˵еĴͨ
Ȼּ۸񣬱˵ǻˣǻҲ
ַ岻֪ʥǽʥǵĿģĻʥǣ߶ȷ٣ߵʥءȻΪԴܶ뿪ʥǣŬ׬ȡĻԪҲеһ֡
һζޣõзʽĻһαչǧ꣬ʵ˶ǿˣ
ĿһԱչǧ꣬ûκε
ԭַ廹ڻʥȶػԴ棬ˡѶӳסڻʥСϾֻлʥȫ񶼲ڻʥж֣ȫĵطˡ
ԴȻҲȫΪԴλúƫƧǲСı֣Ǿ鷳ˡ
ֻϧʥǼ۸񰺹һסϰʱ䣬ҪһżƷԪԴ˿ַң͸ˡظ
˷Ž棬ҲΣաϾַ棬ʱ̶ڷű仯һСķѣпи֮Σַɲ˳¡
ֻٵȵˣڻʥվȽŸҪǣȶԴ
ַҲһʼȶԴˣλüƷԪΪԺӼ˵ʥΪַˣһ󣬾͵ýɼƷԪЩ˿ɶǸַǰʥǣҪ뿿Լ׬ȡƷԪºѡ
ַ취
ʱԧҵַ塣
ҵȼλ飬׼ȴȡһ׬ȡ𡣡
ţ񣿡
ԣȥʥǲԶ½һֻҪ̻ʮΣܻһżƷԪǼڻʥǣҲûʲô£ˣԼȥҵҲȡһЩƷԪȡһҲܴڻʥǡ
ַĬˣ֪ġ̻Ҳ֪һС̻ᣬҲ͵½ʮˣŽһżƷԪ
һܾͣ͵úķѼʱ䣬ʮҲǼʮʱ䣬Ž׬ȡһżƷԪ⼫ƷԪжôѻˡ
ѾЩΨһģҲҲ뿿ԼüƷԪ
ãҪǿҪһ֪ͨǡ
ԧ˵ͷ漴ת뿪ˡ


985 ֪Ҳң
ԧ뿪ıӰַ峤̾һʥǵȷǺõط˶ڻʥǣʵأ
ڻʥǵĴҲܴûĻԵûĻַĴ󲿷ˣ¶޷ڻʥˣֻȥһЩ½
ҲûֻԹַ塣
ַܹǴʥǣѾ御ѾİˣﻹַǺķѼƷԪ
Ҫ֪ƷԪڻУжôԻá
УǵÿԼ
ַڻʥǼµġ족ɲǰġ˽⵽ʥǣľ̻ᣬţһЩС
ռźܶ½Щ½дͻ½Ҳͻ½һЩ½ллԪԴԴĿɳԪ
ǼƷԪҲܿɳż룬Ӷ׳ţѭ
ҲΣգ緢һµĻ½༫ƷԪǾͿܺŲĦӶս
Ϊ˶Ѿˡ
ȻСţҲûмƷԪܹ㹻άˡУҲ˶ڻʥǣֻЩǱţһЩеĺĳϵˣŻڻʥǡ
ַҪţѾΪѾһǿȻܻӭֻһЩ䳤֮ݣסڻʥǣڸȻûС
ַɲֻԼΪˡڻʥı·ˣȻС
ڿţַڵʵǲЦ󷽡ȥһ½תۼͱĳλˡ
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994 ʱ䣡
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995 
죬죬죬Ҫٿ죡
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ٶ̫ˣסֻܾܲôѶ֪ͨܲ򿪷һͻܲ
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ַŭľ½ӿ޴һ˿ѷ죬¶һӣȻֻһӣѾ㹻ַӳˡ
ҲûԥѸٵ˻ۣ˲仯Ϊһ⣬ɳľ½
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996 Ԫ
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ϰٿżƷԪϰٿżƷԪҲھʥ¸ˣһʱ䣬һ
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ӣȻȥ½ߣα㻹ӣ
ԪɱɭɭӰһѾƿռ䣬ֱӳ½ȥ


1002 
Ҫң
ַ帺ֶĶǰλղžλ׽ɱͨϡ
УͬȴԼͬվһ
Ҫᣬǲ룬λ⣬Ҫ£ɺնɱЩ
ȴܶñ֮ͨǰַַ˳ͻµߣֻӴģͨģͲʲô
½᧿ΣܹĶʧλʲô
˵ĵˣѣ
ţ
Դµλɫ΢΢һ䣬ǵͨȻҪǿһ㣬ҲֻǿѹסԷλ
ַ룬ǿɾ˵ˣƶת
ҲڰԴ°Եˣ˿в־ܣǵǰʵˡ㡣ִԲ½һǾ·һѱο£ɵˡ
һλҲѵõ˲šǻʥǣһλ޳ͨĶλĸߣﶼܵӡˣԴµλҲͼ£ַ塣
Ȼ£Ǵһ˿в֮⡣
ַ۾΢΢һУԴ֮˾ףַû˿Ȥ룬ĿģͽֻΪ˴ԧ˰ˣ뵽ΣյľС
ǸκһֻΪ˾ˡ
ַҡҡͷܾ˫ġ⡱׼뿪
ߣҵȣɱô㻹ȫˣЦ
ԴλһģλȴڡϷ׼˫һ̶ȣ֮
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£Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ս
û˿ԥַ岻ܵȵԴ񶼾ٶ֡Ҫ뿪Щ˾
ˣַ康Ȼ֣һ־ǿֲġʥͨ
ַʥ壬ѾСɣһ֣ռ䶼飬µϯ·λԵĲһλһλo

۾һĶĴ߶ͨ
Ƕͷųַͨʥ֮£ȴһ˻Ҳڲַݿ㣬˲͸ˡ
¾ҡ
öʩչ֮ͨ£һֵ֮סַͨʥС
λֻܲҽһԴȣǵͱַһ󱬣һѸתֻȥˡ
ߣ
ַ˸ɾնɱλͷһǿǶ֮£޵С
صУȴͬһ㣬׾갢նɱ
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䣡
˲䣬һɺ嫵ٵƬޱȵĿ񱩣еĻ·𶼱ѹסˡп󺰵ǰԴˣ£
λд󾪣û뵽ԴȻôͽˡϾλնɱ԰Դ˵صơ
˵ɱ
Բǧ֮أ·λĿֲơ
ǣһλߡ
λ޳ͨνǰ벽񡣵ڰԴǰȴսս˿ֿûС
һ٣ѹƻ򣬾޳ͨĶͨҲ
ţ䲻ǣ϶ɱ
ԴˣĿһɨѾġ֡˭ˣ˵µһԭɱ

ŰԴûжֻͨһ񣬾ͬɽһ㣬ѹϡ
ȻǶ޾Ļ֮ҲֻֿĿԼһһıȴް취
λĶѾˣǺôҲǰ벽񣬺ųƶ޳˿ֲͨ
ǰȴһ˿ֿ֮ûУޱȵľ뱯
£
ҪĻ֮ʱһը죺һԴ񣬵ԵСҲֵ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Գ֣ҵˣ붯ǣ
ĳ֣кһշ籩ŰԴϯȥ¡¡Ѿѷɫһͨˡ
¡
λ߳һӣȻ񡣶һ׿ӣ¶·ɢ޾İԵϢǾǰԴ
λٶȶ
շ籩ûпԴ񣬾ԶˡԴĿһЦ飬ѱ뱣סˣߣվͲƽϣ
ԴЦһѵõû񱬷սֱһ֣·ƬضΪһֱƣԶһһȥ
ţ
Ŀһƿ½ﲻ֪ղŷʲô£ԴҪѵһ֪ðĶȻЩԸƱǿҲڻԴˡ
ֻĿһֻ޴£ƺһ̣۾ͻữΪƬ


1003 һ
ˣ
ڰĻУһȦȦĿռˮĲһѸٵɢ
һӰһ
½ˣ
ڸϵ½½ϵʱȴ΢΢üͷȻƣһǴԴ񽻶
ৣ
ʱоȻֳһȦȦĿռ˷ɢȥ
ţǰ
üͷһ壬һȦȦĿռӿռУһһӰϵϢƣ
Ԫ񣿡
۾΢΢һԵúءʶԪھʥǵУԪǴ
񣿡
ԪȻҲϳȻʥԶͬվ˻ۣ֮ʮʱ䣬ϸ˽һ
㻥ʶҲ档
λȻˣһǾסڲͬĻʥǡ
񣬲֪ԶڤʥǶΪʲô
ٺ٣ʵҲ޷иС̶̻ӣ˻ԼֱҺòײźķѾ޴Ĵۣҵ٣½ڡ
ȷûʲôģ΢һ¾֪
ţСۣ
ԪһƺһЩ²⡣
Ԫ㵽ΪΣ
ҲΪ׷һС죬Ȼľ½ȡԪҲ½
ǿͬʲôʱ񣬾ȻЩСˣʱչǵˡ
ǰԴõġݣóȻ½»һЩᡣ
кѣǶǵˣֻ˺һ϶ɡԪһˣ
ֱһ˺Ȼҵ𵴣ͱ˺һӡҪ˺ʵ̫ˡ
ԪҲͬ˺һӣ뵽½һЩᣬҲϧˡ

ڣַ塢ԧˣܵ˾ҵв
ǵصĿֲƣЯѹϢ۵ٶѾ㹻ˣֻ޴ǰƺǲ
ңܵĿƺҲԽԽճ۷·ܵ˷εļѹٶѾԽԽˡ
ַ֪ǻ֮Ҳֹһܹ֡һӵôģֻһֿܣǾˣ

ַ壬֮ǰѹһӵŭһֱѹֵУڻȻŭȴڵ֪ʱһˮͷһ㡣
޵еκߣo
ʵϣڻ֮УȷooҪǿ󣬼ܣ
գ
ַ嵱ϣ̷ɳ˻ۣҽս浱С
̧ͷһֻƣǵأûκͨĺۼõľǴĻ֮ȴֹһֻ򣬶ֻɣѷɫͨһ
½ֻǵ֮Ҳͨһֻܽڻͨͳͳ򣬼ַҲ塣
ȴǵˣУַ岻Ǿֻս
Ҳã԰ɣôʱʥ壬طǷʥ壬㾿жǿ
һʱ䣬ַս죬Ҳûκο־塣
䣡
һŵĻ棬ַϱγһȦΣַԺ󣬽еoһ㣬ʥ߹
һַ̣ѹƵлڴЩ󣬷׷飬޷ѹ
ʥ壡
ַһȭĻ棬ֱΧеĻ򣬿ռ䶼һӱһƬ׷׵ķ顣
һȭѾл˱ܣǵ򣬶űʵ
ôܣ
ַ񱩵һȭ·˺աǰԴǿһƣһƣҲ˲˺ѣΪ˻ҽ
Դɫ࣬Ŀһ˿š
ǰԴ񣬷ǿһĻߣǻҲãǻҲգ񣬶۾캣ˡ
ַȻ˰ԴһֻǰԴһͨҲǰԴһɵʵ
Ѿˡԭܼ򵥣޵УУһɣ޵УһЩǿĻ鱦ҲĶ֡
ڻȫˣѾ˲õĳɾˡ
ڣַ岻סһʩչͨ˰Դһд壬磡


1004 ַľ
Ǻͨ
ԴĮдһ˿ɣͬԾoһ㣬ƺ޷ܾİԵ֮⡣
ַûлش𣬵ϵϢȴڲϵѾ˵һС
Σ
ʥСɣַѾ㹻߿ʥˣղһǾСʥ壬Сɵʥ壬ƺѾĳֽޣַȴ֪
ƺҲûַô߲ʣûô޵У
٣ǿǱų޵еҲǰ˿ղһһɵûУƵΪףҲ˶Ѱˡ
գ֪ϲð
Դ£ɢ޾İԵϢͬʱĻ򣬷·һʱ䣬ֻӿͺһ㡣
һŭ׻һ½Ŀֲ
ţ
ȻԴȴͣΪڸղţоƺ˺ˡ֮ǰҲӦһΣޣʵģܿʧΪǴ
ڣԴĸӦ˺ˣһֹһΣǽ˺Ρܹ˺ģֻ
ৣ
Դ͵̧ͷֶЦһȻѾˣαزͷ¶βλݹ٣
Դ񡣡
УһӰӿռһϳ˿顢ʥϢȻԪ
Ԫ񣿲֪һλλ
Ԫ񣬰Դ۾ͫ΢΢һֲõԤУȻʵǿԪʵѷɫԷͻȻ½ѵܵ룿
û˵Ԫʲô顣
񣬳ɡ
ԪЦ˵ʵҲˣȻҲһִ˫Ŀ궼˼
ȻԪ£һλˣȻ
Դ񡣡
ţ񣬺ڤʥһλ񣿡
üͷ˵
ǴڤʥǸ
ǴڤʥǸԴ͸Ӻˣ˶ûκιϸ𣬱ϾԶͬһʥǣ£
ʲô񣡡
ͬˣַڿԪʱһλ񣬿Ƕ֮ǣַѾ㹻СĽˣȴû뵽Ǳλ׷
һַҪСĽûбҪҪ뿪ʥǡַʵ̫СĽˣôʱ䶼ûбԷӦûеʵݡ
ڿСĲûԭģַ廹СЩֶΣȻܹҵʵݡ
֪λ½Ҫ뱾ˣ
Դ̬ҲЩһλȻ壬λ֣Ҳòͷ
ԪҡҡͷǽĿȺС
ৣ
λĿ⣬ַϡ
Ϊ
Ԫ΢΢һЦȻЩ㵣֮ǰѾ²ˡȻǵĿͬһˡ
ȻͶλ׷ɱƾһ㣬ַҲ԰ˡ
ȻΪ
ԴһܱϺƽ򶨣ʵȴڴ⡣ַ嵽кݣλǰѰ
ѵ˲õı
λ񣬴նɱλɶ²ܽǡ
ãԴ˵λǰѰǰԴҲԸ׹ͷ
Ԫ΢΢һ㶣΢һ˼׿ǰԴˡ漴ЦҡҡͷԴˣһС̶ӣ˱ǰʱ仹ͬһλȡľ½һ·ֵĻԪٺ٣ǴǰɲΪ˱ǽңйͷ֮ޣ
˻棿
ԴҲЩ㵣Ǿ㵡̲ס࿴ַһַۣεºܣǳλҪҡ
λҧгݵģɲαĽַ֮ǡ
ǧȷӾȻ˰Դ񣿹治֪Դɱӣ⡣
ԪЦһƺ˿Ϊ⡣
ĻǣѾĿɿڴ죬ֹ
һλȻǵλ޲նɱôǻҲǶһˡ
ⲻ֪ʲôǲ֪
Ķôõ𣿡
λ񣬲úôڻʥпޣȻҵ½ˣֱѰ·
λַǰ֮·赲ˣҲҡҡͷַˣ˵ַֻľҲǳΣա
ΣգȷΣա
ַѾܵǿҵΣϢԪֻǰԴ񣬶񣬶Ըκҡ
ֻһλַƴܱ֮סһӶߡ
λַҪߣڳ˵Ρ
ӻַƺδվѾվˣǾľ


1005 
ַ忴һǰ棬ԴԪ
񾡹ûкΧ֮ƣλ񣬻õźΧַܴλǰߣǲЦ
ΣǰδеΣַûͬʱλ񣬹λվյУѹȣͲϢ޷Ϣ
ߣйܽйڻͨǰӤһ㡣ûͨʵûκΪǰʩչͨͨôᱻѹƵ㣬ͨƽʱһ룬
ȫĿסˣʵͲ񣬻ƣĶ֣
ҲΪˣ£ʹûܹĴڡ³ö鱦Ҳֻܴ߰ˡˣѾܹ飬Ϊˡ
ַûǿĻ鱦ͨгս⡣
Σ
䣡
ַƺͦˣͲһηˣĸޣδηԴ棬ԻʱҲδη塣
ڼλ߸ϵҲη壡
ַսⰻȻͨҲ߶ˡıһȦȦĹγ֣һһڱ
ֻһȻΪ棬ֵַĿɲһʮ
ңЩΣÿһȦһ档Ҳӻ棬ֻĻܶ࣬ͨǿһ㡣飬ĳܣͨ
ǻãͨãҲûл鱦һпܾͻὫճɻҽϵģҪնɱ̫̫ѡ
һĵ
ַ屳ĹԽԽ࣬ΧĻصĻ򣬾ȻѾʼŤ
ţ
ʱҲϷʵ̬ˣ齥ַս⻹Ҳ·ûмƵġ
ڣʮȫַıʱַϵҲ˼㣬һ̣ûκϡ
һλƣͨкã
ڣȴ¶һ˿صı顣
ৣ
ַ۾Ŀƽϸܣȴܸܵһ˿ķâҲ΢΢һ
ԴӾʥкַһֱͱѹ֣ѹšж񲻿ɵУԿûС
ǾͷĴɽûгɾǰѹַͷϣѹߵͷϡ
ַ棬ȴ׶áǶ棬Ҳûսʤİա
һֱѹַ֣񣬴ûѹֹڣַھѹˣΪǰѾλֱλ
ӿȵʥʮֻ棬Ϊһ壬Ҳܱ˴˷ֿ
ַĸܵʥڿֲǻһ̣Ҳֻ˱ᡣ
Σ
ַ̧ͷλڻͳ˵һֱ޵Уĳȴ̫šգ񣡡
䣡
ַ廰£ȫȻ
񣬻ûλǰôҲ˵
ַһҲ
ˣǲǷˣ
񰡣˵ǵʥǿһλҲֻǰˡ
֪η˿´ûм񣬲֪Ŀֲɣ쿪
߶ҡҡͷһ˿˿ֻֹȴ˵
ǴŽɣŲܣ
ǵģһ˵񡱣ַձɣ
Ȼλɫ͵һ䣬ƺܵĳ֡衱һŭ
ãһȻ񣬽ձն㣡
ǿСӣɱƺ㣬̣ĥ㣬ʹ
񣿱׼ʩչҲøܴĴۣȴһſٺ٣㻹ֻתοûˣ㽫ûһкۼ
ԪĻ΢΢һ
飿
ǿǴ˵еһֱţȴ˭ûмд˵һ뵽ַܿҪǿĻҷɢӴһкۼʧתֻصĻᡣ
µʲôɢֻתĻᶼûС
ǡԡ³
ϣð֮


1006 ͨˣ
ս
ַսѾˣʲôֻתںֻںһһûгɹﻹһ
һַĸ
ˣַ岻κκڣκγɣս
Σ
վҪ
Сѹ
Цһȳˡֻƣ˲䣬ֻƣ·
ӿĻ򶼻Уַо˷޾ϯ
񣬼㻹ûжͨҲɵСַֻֻ֮⣿
˵ʩչطͨˣͨҲҪԽͨĻѹƵġ
ַ廹ʥ壡
ͨ˵򣬽ֻˣʥҲ򣬶һĻ档
ʥ壡
ַֻ֣ϵʮ͵һ˲ƲԲ֮أ·֮С
ƣ
ַһȣлʲôӦ顣
꣡
⡭ⲻܣ
񶼺𾪣ַȻĹ˵Ļ֮ղſǵʮֻ֮صѹ£Ƕܲס
ַȴ׾Ļ֮л򣬷׷飬ַˡ
ַʮ滤ʲôܽ
ͨһŴͨ
Ԫƺʲô¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ͨԪ񡢰ԴҪǿһ㣬ҲǿޡԼͨҲֻСͨ
ͨ
ȻԹ򣬵ּ۸񶼳е
ڣȻһУһƴͨĿֲͨܲϲ⣿
ַͨǲҪ֪츳ϴͨĻҲϣŴͨŵġ
ն
ַܿλ˲¶̰֮ɫַͨԼҲ֪⾿ǲǴͨˡ
ʥ壬ǿ˵ǴͨҲô⡣
ûͨСɣٴûгֹ
ַ岻֪ǲǴֻ֪ͨʥǿǿھǿֵزַԼҲ
ֻ֪սֻսΣ
Σ
䣡
ַϵʮΣʮ棬Ѹٱ˳һĻ棬ַȫַеһ㡣
ͨҪˣַ岻˷Ѹٵĳλȥǳȥ
ҲܿóλУֻ
ŭϲЦúãȻκβ㣬㿴ͨ
ϺȻ˼صĻ֣Բ֮أ·һ̶
֮ͨȶᣡ
ǱԵͨƺܼ򵥣ȴһ֮ͨ󣬷˼ҲרַƺǻԵͨҪַͨ
ͨεȿֲ
֮ͨ£Χնסˣҳ˷ӡȻĿ껹ַϣصĺַס
½ֻɢһͨܣͶ﷽ԲбĵطǴءɽ壬˲䶳ס
ͨһ֮ԻأٴݻһƬ½Ͳʲôѡ
ã
ɫ΢΢һ䣬½ĸһݻˣǿǵòʧǣҲֻʩչͨŻס½
ֻͨನܻסĻͨ½ͽ½ݻˡ
ͨ
ַҲܵͨܣϵʮ棬Լڲϵ˸ţ֣·ʱϨ
Χ޾ĺ䣬裬л滤壬ƺҲ޷ȫ
ѾʮɷΧҲ˶Ѱˣȴٶ޷
ͨҲˣ
ַ쳤ХһʱһһɺƵȻ֮˲ϱһȦȦĻ棬ͬɽХһ㣬ϯ
ʲô
һַǷһ㣬˲Ƶͨ
ܣͨôᱻƣ
ֻͨһСͨҲСͨ
𺳣Աߵ񡢰ԴԼԪҲͬ𺳡ַͨ˵ַͨҲѾﵽΣ
ǿ
һλͨͨһ
⵽ʲôͨ
ͨˣ񣡡
ַ쳤Хսǿ·ĳֲսϯλҲоصѹ


1007 ⻹
䣡
ַ屳ʮΣ·һըһ㡣
˫һգͬ޴ݺһҡ
ʮ棬Ϊľ޴˱֮С
꣡
գ׷׵飬ͺ鱻һ㡣ʵĲǱ飬е뽾
ս޵еʩչͨȴһƵˣپ޴档ңֻ޴ô򵥣ʮĹΣ·㣬ݿ˺һУݺݵȥ
ƣҲΪ֮ľ
⻹
ĿһĻߣеʡ
ˣ
æļһĻ鱦ĵȻǳһķ鱦ҪǮƵģǰַͨһݺݵײһ
ʱ򣡡
ƺһֱڡԹۡİԴԪ񣬴ʱȻͶˣޱȵѸͣƺѾ׼׵ˡ
ǲŲȥˣҲ޹ءǵĿһֱֻһǾַ壡
ַսսʵ캣ˡ
ǿ񣬾Ȼսѽѷ֣ռϷ磬ޱȵǱ
ַ忿ʲôصͨ
λޱȵ𾪣һǴֻͨдͨе̰λ˾
ַʱϾˣ˵Ļᣡ
սꪣ
ԴһŭԶŵһ㣬·ΪһսꪡͨǴһͨ
Դһͨ磡
ڿַԥַϾʱʩչһͨ
޳ܣ
ʵðԴ޳ܣ񣬾ȻҪΧַ壬һǳ˲⼸Ѿ߸һеӡ
ԭҲûκֻǿһ㣬΢һˡҲ͵ϮҲ᲻ҪҲ޳ܡ
Դ޳ܣԪҲضãŰԴ֣ԪҲһߣ·һɫ˲仮˻硣
ǻ֮ף˶ֻ֮󣬼ֱ˼
ƻɫͨԶԶ񡢰ԴͨҪǿ󣬱Ͼһǿͨ
λ񣬷ֱһΧַ塣񣬿ַվҲͼַֹ塣
൱һ֣Χַ塣
һĻˢߵ֪⻹ǻַϢ̫أҲ̫ԣ㽫䵱һλǿҲʲô
ĳȣλ񰡣ֻλжôǿҲһλʵӦһλԴЩˡολΧλΧ񣬿֧Ųס񶼻ޡ
ӵǿʵ㵥Եδرκһλѷɫֻϧ̫ˣȻ񣬱λսΧ
ҡҡͷЩΪַеϧʵպΪأֱ
ڳַΪʥǵĵһҲʵ
ڱλΧҲַ壬һַ̣ͻ
һս񶼺𺳣˵Щͨˡˡλߣֻ֪
Ž֮󣬲ַע磬ʥǡܱλΧַ忰һˣ
գ
Դͨսꪣǿһ㣬ݺݵĺַϡԴԤַ屻סûа취ܡ
䣡
žԪͨһɫ˲ûַڡ
춼ԴԪʩչͨ󣬱㸺ֶλַͨϡ
һλ¾ٶĻ鱦Ҳ϶ֵס
λ׼ַĴռ䣬ϵıϾǣ浽һźܿǴͨĿֲͨҲʱ

΢΢˿ղ̫Σˣѹʵ̫ˡûֱַʥ壬Ͳ֪ʥжôĿֲ
ʮ棬Ϊһ壬ǵöôǿ
ᣬλͻȻ֣ĿסΣա
뵽Լ㱻һλնɱ־ŭֱͬһ㡣
һжˣַֻһλλǿͨһܻһ飬Ѿתֻȥˡ
׼ַĴռ䣬ͨ˭Ķ
ž
ȻɫУһ죬·ʲôȼһ㡣
λһ漴ɫм䡣
䣡
һֲĻ˲佫ɫɣֲĻ滹ӣһޱȾ޴ȼܵĻ棬ߴɣԶսһ㣬ب֮С


1008 ˺
ǡ
λˣ˶ˡ
ǰַ岻ûƸӵǿǸߴɵʥ壬ȻϿӿݣһĿĵѷ죬˺أ·ʱ
˿̵ַ壬죬ȴ𶯡
һìܵۺ壬һ˳ʶ
ৣ
ַ̧ͷĿƺҲ˻棬һ̣ʵʥУġʥ塱
ߴɵʥ壬ÿһ磬ÿһ֣ȫʮֻɡÿһֻ棬ƺʮ㣬ַͬʥ塣
Ǹߴʥ屳ʮΣ˿̾ȻһΣţַѾ˵ʮֻ档
Ҿڸղţ
Ԫҵлл㡣
ַĿԪúúллԪΪԪͨɫʵϣҲһֻ棬һǷǳĻ棬档
һʥж򲻵Ļ档
ʥмȷ٣ƺֻҪмƷԪǾʲôܹ򵽡Щ򲻵򲻵ͼƷԪ޹أΪûС
ԴʯõҵУ˭лԴʯ
ҲˣַұʥǣҲŹ˶ʮֻ棬֮ǰ֣ǿʮֻ档
ʮֻ棬ַ岻֪֣ҲûҵΪʥֻʣ˲ƪԵʡ
Ϊ̫ͨ죬̫СɼǼˣһܡΪʮֻ棬ѾǻܹɵĸձĻˡ
õʮֻ棬ѣѣѣȳΪҪѡ
ڸղţַ屻ԴԼԪͨУַʥ弴һɲǣַ̲ס֮ˡ
һ棬ܱܿ߹֣롣ʱַ̣ʥ壬ȴһɫˡ
ɫԪʩչĻ棬ȻҲһֻ档ַʥ壬Ҫľǻ棬֮ͨߣֱ޷󡣼һֻͨҪǻ棬ɡ
ǣʥ彫ɺ󣬾ʹʥСɵʮֻ档
ʥ˲䷢˷츲صı仯ȻӲĿס˰ԴԪһͨΪʥ塣
˿ַ̣ʥǧٿףƺٱÿʱỵַ̈嶼ܸܵ޾ĻһƵĻ棬뵽ַʥ嵱С
ʥƣҲۿɼٶѸٻָš
ʥ壬ǿҲǼǿʥСɣֻǵһֻ̤˵һܹӳʥĿֲܡ
ַ壬̤˵һǵڶûʥڶֵķţȴݵһֵķţɡ˵ʮֻ档
ǳûκų߲ס
Ӵʥ壬ʥ壬ſֲ޵е
һ̵ַ壬ƾʥ壬Ҳ
˵Ҫ񣬽վҪ񣡡
ַлصţ͵һ硣
¡
նھҵ𶯣һȦȦĿռ˲顣ַûгΪ񣬵ʥ壬ȴ߱ŴѾһ֮ϣ׷
ˣַһŶ£ձ飬ֲŰԴԪϯȥλ񲻸ҵ׷һˣʩչֵͨ
ַĿȴλ񣬶
ַһţ𶯣ӴʥֱֻۣǧɣԶ͵һץ

͵ʩչͨա֮УסֱַֻۣûκãֱַһĻ˲㽫ڻ
ºֵܹסһ棬ַϿʮĵ棬һһǿôֵ
գۼʱ䣬ֱַֻ۾Ѿǵأͷ
ӣӣӣ
Ŀ־ˣ񣬴û־壬֮Ŀ־壬ӣ֮ǡ
Ѿɾ񣬿ɺȥתֻأҲ֪Ǽǧˣ⣬ԶҲ޷۷塣
ৣ
һʱƿ˿ռ䣬Ȼ˿ռˣͨռֱͨӴռ뿪
ַսһҪǿȴûռ٣޷ռ䣬ռ뿪ûʲô취
޷ռ䣬ȴƻռ䣡
飡
ַ屳ʮ͵ķɳ͵һȼյĻ棬ԲﷶΧĿռ䣬ͳͳΪ˻ҽ
ֻһģȴ޷ռһʱ롣
ַֻֻܿ޴ֱֱۣץס

һ𣬵ȴûκãַ˫ץס漴ݺһ˺

˶ޱ𾪵ĿһĻ񣬾Ȼڴ֮ͥ£һλ˫˺ء
ʱ֮һ鲻ʵѸٷɽ˻ȥתֻȥˡ
ҲӲˣ


1009 ׳٣
Ԫ񡢰Դ񡣴˿̿һĻܵ飬Ѿʧλе𺳣ѾԸӵĵز
ãһ㡣
ղַ˫֣Ӳ˺񣬴Ǽд
ԭҲôĴҲô䣬޵УĲࡣ
ô
Ԫš
ԴɫҲѿ˭뵽һССĻȻ˺׳٣
׳١
ǻΪϵĴڣҲûмģߴʥʱҲû׺ܹĵز
ڣַһ׳٣Ȼɹ
ַһٶǶԻˡֻЩ߸ϵǣױȵ𺳡˭ţܹ
ַˣҶЩ˵ȴΪ𺳡ǴûȻĿǿֵز
Ҳ
ˣ޵еˣ塣ܶôǿûһ
ڣʶӴԺƿܾʹˡɸ߸ϣҲôûеˡ
ͨ£Ҳ
һʱ䣬߶ѴѶֻܲѶַϡϢͳͳѶȥ
ӽַȻ񣬵ȴʤ
ҿô
ַ帺ֶĿƽĴռ䱻ߣԴԪ񶼲˿顣
ʲôЦַող׺˺һλȻűҪǿҲǿޣѱᱻַնɱ
ǶȻַͨջǽžԵƣܻܡַĻ֮ϡ
ڣַַ֤ҪǿѾ߱˺ͬȵĵλһλǿݣⲢǵѡ
Դ񣬾ڵİԴѾҪǿˣôʱ䣬кˣ
¾ԴҲûܹնɱ񣬳½ˡʧܣֱ뿪ǣԴҲ޿κΡ
㵱Ȼˡ֮ǰһжᣬͨҵȿеġ
Դȿڣַ屾ûʲôԹַôһֲĴڲݣ
ԪҲ˿ȡľ½ĻԪ
ַ˵ͷ̹Ȼ˵ĳ
ߣˣǺڣ
ԪһҲûٺַս˼ַʵѾõϿɣΪһһλʵǿսֵ
ȻԪҲͰԴһַʾáˣֱƿռ䣬ռ뿪ˡ
ַĿһԪ뿪ķѾ񣬵ֻǱȽڹȻʵǿնɱԪԼԴҲûôס
οַҲԵС
ǣ
ֱַһ֣ƿ˻ۣѸٵķ½
ַ뿪ķֽĻָԴĿⶼޱȵĸӡأȴһЩš
ˣˡ飬Ҳˣ½һһ룬ˮˮΣ
Դԭ½ϾռơҪ볹׽壬Ҳôף½ճ־õĴս
ԭԴĲ½ԴһڿַһλͿͨ׳١ҲǺݺݵ𺳣ԴΣǱģܸһ
οԴҲͨȻַܿͨն֤ͨǱ֮
úõǱһͨ
Ҳ˵ͷãԴ˵½Ҹռһ룬ַ
˿˵ѾõĽˡҲ֪ⶼַĹַ͡ҲΪ½Ļս
½ָƽ磬ʥȴΪһըԵϢ
ˣ
񡱲£֮Գɱһλһλն񣬳֮Ϊ
Ϣͬ籩һ㣬ת˲Ѿʥǣҡ
˲ţ˶ɡ񹫿ŭϢЦҲ֮䣬ƺȷ¡
Σַ塱ȴѾߴʥǣ˾֪


1010 ʥ
ʥһƺ磬ƺǿռ䣬߸ϣƿһеӰе顣
ʥ𣡡
£
һŵӣ̤˽ϹϾ
ʥ𣬵Ӽʥǣһ£һλʩչͨնһλֵ÷з
ŶǶˣ
߸ϵľʥЦЦ죬ȴʲô˵˵ͨ˭ģ
Ǹ߸ϣĶ˴ͨĶȴΪ¸е𺳡
±Ѿ֪㲻ܶ
ţʥ𣬻еӲܶˣ
Ӻɻʥĵӣڻʥڣһ֮£֮ϣ޳˴ͨĶûʲôҶġ˵ʥҲ
ܼ򵥣ʥ尡
ʥĪ·ЩпЩź
ʥ壿Īڤʥĵӣλһͨ
֪Ϊβܶ˰ɡ
ףףӸˣҾʥǵжһɲö
дǺһͨʲôܵȷǴͨܲⲢǴͨǴ֮ͨϵͨ
ȻûгΪͨȷһĴͨҪǿöˡͲʲôһŴͨˣֲŴͨ塣
λر令̵ڤʥ
ǣ浽һλʥ𣬻Ϊ̣رڤʥ˭
ˣ°ɡ
ʥ˻֣õ¡
񰡡ϧˣ
ʥĿ¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫһ֣·͸ռ䣬뵽һʵؾ
⴦ؾڣһϵӣӰȴ͸¶޾ϡ
ৣ
͵۾ʥ𣬺½㴵ˣ
ڤʥѾڰǧ꣬ɴͨ
ʥЦѯʵ
ԭӱǺպһʥǵʥڤʥ
ڻλʥλǳߣλǻ籾ɾ͵ʥ𣬶λڤʥǽеλ籾֮һĻʥ
һʵҲǸĪ⣬յ߹򣬼λʥУҲǰȾʥҪǿ
ͨô״ģڰǧָ꣬һ˲ˣĿǰһͷ봴̸ͨף
ڤʥޱϲ˵
ʥг̾һ֪ڤʥôִڴͨԭʲôʵûͨʥԣûκ塣
ͨΣҲֻܴﵽʥ޵ĲΣΪ顣ڻʥУ߹򣬲Ϊʥϡ
ǻʥҲˣ϶ѡ
ڤʥһλ츳ĵӣһֱܹܡһܹͨΪʥ顣
³ΪʥҲʥޣﵽеļ¡ҲߵĿꡣ۾磬ʵʥľ磬ûʲô޷ܳͨ
ڤʥɻǵö񣿡
ţ
ڤʥɫ¶һ˿ɫ
񵱳ʥ壬ֻһܹͨǾžޣΪһˣֻϧӢţնˣ𡣡
ڤʥ˵ĶĵλӡڶӣӣϲĻӶ
츳ǿеһơǵʵ츳Ƶһ
ڤʥûзֻԴʯҲûлԴʯڤʥ᲻ϧһдۣΪûԴʯΪʥ
ֻϧһʹͨȴܴɣһͷʥ޾ͷѸˡ
ͷѣɣ֮ӣȴԵɺϣ֪Ϊʲô˾ſͷ­ȻһԾϣѪΪ˻ʥޡ
ңһĻʥ޻ҪӵĿֲһУǽ뵽еĶǻ鱦ֻĵرߵ飬Ӳ
ȻʵǿҲвͷѣһ£ҲˣתֻصĻᶼûС
ڤʥŭ֮£˾ͷѣ뽫ɱͷҲȷ˵ãȻûӽ޾ĻС
ޱ޼ʣǻ֮⣬ǻʥ޽Ҳ׶༪٣ʥȴ޷䵽ˣӽ˻ľͷѣ൱ڱˣ˭Ҳ֪
ܾͷΣȴҲˣξԴԺڤʥһֱչأͼһͨο
ЩǺܾõˣʥ¸ʲô
ڤʥҲЩ졣
ʥٶȳˣ
ʥԼ࣬˵ڤʥԣȴ͵һ


1011 һ
ʥˣ
ڤʥҡͷ̾ѾʥȥˣҲûдڸκˣڤڤ⣬ӦǶ񵱳ġҲѰԵˣܽͨơ˭õʥ壿
һַͨõʥ塣Сһ˲ã֮ʥ壬һն׳٣磬ʥѾ÷зˣһЩϼһڴ⡣ڤӣ㲻ټ
ڤʥҡҡͷټͲˣܵõʥ壬ĻԵ֮ն񣬿ҲʥĹͣһ˾õʥ壬Ҳôġһڤڤ⣬˳Ȼˡ
ڤʥ漴۾ʥҲжϵջĿ⡣
ʥ֪ڤʥǷŲ¶񣬲Ȼڤʥûټַ壬ʥȴ֪ڤʥ˼
СһҲлԵ֮ˡϣܽʥưɣһдԵ
ھʥ˵ֻС°ˣ¼֤СµеС¡ն׳٣
ʥУڤʥһ̬ȣûټ֪ʥЩ񣬶ַκ˼ˡ
ǣ浽һλʥû˸ַԣе鷳

ϵܣôƺɣ
ׯ԰ڣַ΢Цӭһλˣ
Ÿոճأȴһʱ͸ϵַׯ԰ڡַٴμʱϵϢѾǿһĻˣͨһνջ޴
˴αչأջĴ󰡣ϲϲ
ַҲЦϲ
ȴҡҡͷϲʵαչأҵȷջܶ࣬ҲܴЩԵã׼غϵдһ˭뵽ϵܽ٣Ƿ˼ҳغϵܵ¼š
۾ȷ£ϸϸĴַ塣һأַ¼ն׳٣
˵֣Ŀ࣬Щʶַ塣Ϣʹʥǣ΢һܴĺϸ
ȷʶַ壡
ˣغ󣬵һʱ͸ϵַׯ԰Կַ徿кα仯
ֻǣϸ۲һ飬ȴЩɻⲻʶַҲûϢ
ϵܣ洫ĻȻܹն׳٣ʵ̫˼ˡȷҶɣתˡ
ʵϲɣַʵݵĲ²⣬ѾȱȽǡһ۵㣬ַĳλǿת
Ҳ䣬һһ䣬ֻת۷壬Ҳûпܡ
ַתĻһ˼䣬鶼ָô׾٣ӦͳΪˣõȵڡ
ַȷֻֻˡ
˵ЦˣתﻹҪ̶̻ӣ֪ʥǵλã˻ʥǡԶﴫѨˣֵһᡣ
ַҡҡͷ紫תԼ޻̸֮
ʱ䣬ַȷǷʤ֮ն׳籩һ㣬ϯ磬ʥǶжš
˽ַ֮Ϊһ
ʢ֮£Ȼ˲̫ţɣҲ塣ǣַׯ԰ÿ춼ǰݷãʤ
϶ȴһû
Ѿӡǡ񣬼ֱ档
ΣҲı䲻ˣַһλն׳٣
ˣϵܣǱΪһ붼Щ˼飬ҳϵʱʥ޴½Ǹʱϵֻܽʥ޴½ĵһû뵽̶ʱϵѾΪĵһ
ȷܸ̾˭ֱ仯Щ˼顣Ҫ֪жôĺ嫣ʥǣжԻ֮
Щܹ棬Уȫ˵Ҳв١
ûܹ֮Ϊһַֻ壬ǵ֮ĵһ
ȻҲ˶ŷ
ַЦһĳƺţʱҷʤ
ѡĻַ岢Ҫʲôһĳƺţ鷳ôȴûм
һûôϵܣҾΪϵܴһϢ
ЦЦĶַ壬ġһƺţַȻ鷳Ҫ֪˿ַ֪ȣҲԶԶ


1012 
Ϣ
ַĿԷųأʲôϢ
ǧȷĺϢ˵ϵռ棿
ԣҵȷռ棬ȴûʲôջ񡣡
ַҡҡͷԴõ˵ʮֻ󣬱һ취ǾǷųϢ޸ֻ档Ȼǳʮֻ⡣
ַҪʵְֻ취һ־ǼĿǰַǻռһɹôͿֲĿǰĶ̰壬ռ䴩
ֻҪ˿ռ䴩ʱַûܳΪ񣬵ǿͨԼռϣַҲѷɫκһλ
ռ򣬾лԴʯҲһһϦɹġַֻܽעʥ֮ϡ֪ÿһֻ棬ʵȵ
ֻϧ̻ᶼûĻ棬ˣַ御ܷųϢȴһ
һϢһλϵȥμһۻᡣ³֮һֻϡ
Ŷ棿
ȻˣЩϵֱϵܣ֮ĹϵǺ׵ģҡ
ַüͷҲϸ˼֪Լ֮Ĺϵַ岢⡣Ѿ磬ٵ鲻ǲ֡
֪ҵǺ£
ַɲţԷװһֻ棬֪Ҫ棬ͣ
ţʵҲһ㣬ĲƺΪһµĻ½½˭Ҳ
µĻ½
ַһԼ֪˶Էͼǻ棬µĻ½ַֻкôûл
ãǾȥ
ϵʹ죬˵һøϵܵõһЩôˡ
Ǽ¶һ˿Цݣַ壬ֱ뿪ׯ԰
ڻʥڣַׯ԰кܳһξ룬ֻһСԺӣзãôַԶԶľܸоƺϢ
ˣ
΢һϵʱŴ򿪣ӭ˼λΪ׵һλͷ߹ڣ룬ǵһֲŭϢ
ԬĳʧԶӭ
ҲַܣλԬҲ۰һİѾͨһ壬һͨ
ʵҪǿ
߽СԺȻʮλһı㣬ɲ⡣٣ÿһλҪ
⼸ѾǻʥУܹ۵ǿһˡ
ЩһַĿⶼַϴţѱһ˿壬Ҳһ˿ɡ
֮ĿַѾ̫̫ˣʵΪšһͷȷЩۡ
ַǿû˻ɣ֮ϣѾˣٽҲðһλ
ַƫƫһһǵһ
ַ׳٣ۼΪʵÿˣɶûмַ塰񡱵׳٣һɣҲѰ
Ϊ˵Ԭ̬ȴԵúܹ˵Ԭоһֻ档

Ԭһͣȴַ׵λַ¼޿ɺǡ
һ˿ɣַȴҲ̹Ȼ
Դ׳ٺַһֱѹ֣Ҳ֮ͷˣͷûʲôѹˡ
ͺͻȻ֮䣬գַռǽ١ˣ̬Ҳ̹ȻַȻʲôٿףֱףЩɵĿ⣬
ܹǰԬĳҡն׳٣˵ʯ쾪֮£δţҲġҵһյĿޣȴսսıͷƺһֱһӰ
ڣΪҵȴӰԭԬĳԵ壡
ԬϣȷǷĵ塣ЩʵǿģҪ˵һʵԬҲľߡ
Դ˽⵽ַ¼ȴķڷҲȥʲôһˡĳһ죬Ҳն
ԽʱվãԽᵽĿֲնʵǲ˼顣
ַ岻ɫ˵˵Ԭһֻ棿
ԣ֣棡磬һǳƫƧĻ½еõġ
ԬóһŻ棬ȻǺɫģɢŨϢһͲǷƷַʥ壬ƺҲˣ˵ɫ棬ȷǻ档
ţƫƧĻ½
ַһѾԬ֮⡣


1013 кξգ
ԬЦ˵Ҳµˣټλһ£Ҫλ顣
ԬĿһɨ漴ɫص˵ܴҲ˵ˣԬĳһµĻ½ԬĳȷǷһµĻ½棬Ҳ½еõġټλλ֮ռ½Ϊã
䣡
𺳣֮ǰַ٣֪һϢЩҲ̽һϢ
˿Ԭ׿ڳϣȷһȫµĻ½Ļޱȵ𺳣ԺжһƬհס
һȫµĻ½ʲô
޾ԴԴԴϵļƷԪŸ챦֮һ½Ǿ޾ĲƸԴȪ
Ҳ˺ѣСʵһȫµĻ½ԬβԼɣΪҪϢɢ
ԣҲʣصһ£ԼһȫµĻ½ô죿
ǿ϶Լ԰
һɹĻ½ûпɹĻ½ȫ¡״½ʥ޴½ʵǱɹģַۼʥ޴½֮ռټƷԪ
Ȳľ½һССĻԪ
һȫµĻ½ֻҪлԪǾǧƵļƷԪεȾ޴
˵ˣ񶼻᲻һȥᣬὫϢɢǰ
ЩϺ
ԣԬֻܳ̾һЦ˵βһݴԵҵĻ棬ǧҳ£˵ڶͨǿһͨѵλûвʲô𣿡
ѵ½еļƷԪԴ
һͨΪͨͨͨҲˣֻҪܹ򣬲еɹ
ͨǾ͵ĴԴˣǡǮַ壬ûдƷԪʥСɣ
ˣԬһͨ޵Уɹ˵ķѴԴûš
Ԭ˵ͷһֱ͵͵Ŀɻ½еļƷԪҲ治ơԭһֱȥûв͸ǽǰЩӣҷһ̶֧ӣȻ½ʹҺķѾ޴Ĵۣס½ȱǶԷ϶ñǰʱʲô֪ˣ
ˣԭˡ
½ϢѾ¶ˡˣԬռݻ½ǾͱӦ֮ߡһˣԿǸͲܡ
Ȼһְ취ǾԬ½ľλ굱鱨¥ҲܵõһʲƵļƷԪ
ԬȻģȷֵĻ½ôˡ
Ĭĳȣޱȵļ
һȫδɵĻ½ܲԬ˼ǧ꣬Ԭһˣ˵ǧˣǼꡢʮ꣬Ҳɲ˶١
ռһȫµĻ½ʱ䣬ҲɻпΪ˵ˡ
ˣȫµĻ½ԴƸĶ
һʵ⣬̶֧ӷȫµĻ½
ҵһӦڤʥǵǧ̻ᣡ
Ԭ¶һ˿֮ɫȻǧ̻ºܲ򵥡
ʲôǧ̻᣿
ǧ̻ᣬǾ鷳ˡ
һء
ǧ̻ᣬк⣿
ַʥʱж̣Ծʥǵ˽ⶼȫ棬˵ʥˡ
͵ǧ̻ڤʥһ͵̻ᡣ̻Уλ񣬷ֱǧڤʥӰСµĶʮλͨǲǻᱻǧ̻֪ȫ»½¾ˡ
ǧֱ̻ӿƵĻ½ͳʮһ񣬶ǧ̻档
һ뵽ǧ̻һҲͷɥ϶ˡ½ȻԴҲҪɲС
ţǧ̻лɱǿһɱһ׼һ£ˣȻҪתޣлᡣ
鶼ǿɾĻҷҲûлˡ
Ŷλ񣬱֮񡢰ԴԼΣ
ַͻȻڣзâ¶͸¶ǿҵš
λԬĳԭǧ̻ΣλΣλȫˣնĵһλкξգ
ԬЦ͸¶һ˿֮ɫ


1014 ˣ
ৣ
˽Ŀⶼַϡ֮ǰҲãмҲգֻ߼ʣô룬ʱֱģַֻˣһĳƺţ
һ½ʵ̫ˡȴϲðգһΣ
һλЦ
Ѿһǧ̫꣬ˣʱ̫ˣȴ޴ٲƴһѣֻˣҲһ
ȻеһڣΣһ
ǣ½½дԸˣԸַ塢Ԭһѡ
ԬҲܼĿһַȫµĻ½֮Բ׸Щ񣬾ΪЩ񣬴ûнҵƽȵĵλϡϣԺҲҵʲôˡϴһȫ´½ԸˣΪͳһǿսԺǿȫµĻ½ɶ߳棡
ԬҲǳԸַΪԸó½߳档Ҫַ֪壬ɻôĻʣɡ
һЩ壬ϸһ룬ȴûпڡǱռݣЩ˵ˣһɶֵ
ңᣬܽ˶һ
߳ɡ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ⣬Ԭİţ߳ɽֻʱģǾһ٣˿¾ͽšһӣս
һӴĳΣԬ򵥣ܲ򵥣ҲҰ֮ˡ£ı½棬ˣһӴҲ棡
ԬҰΣ⻥˳󣬶ַֻкôûлΪԬһЩС˼ҲڿɿƵķΧ֮ڡ
ǡɣַҲ齨һԧˣʵ̫ˣҶʱҲ޷Ρ
⻥һȫɶɣһռһƬ½Ǳ֮󣬼ֱ
ڻʥǣûӴĻҪ׬ȡļƷԪҪôԴҲܡ
ãȻλдģҵȾͳˣɾʹ
ַ˲ԭϢԣҲһɢһ˿ԵǿϢ֮ϡ
ݼ
һ̣˳ˣţַƾ٣ԬθַҲܶ÷ȨֻҪʵǿռ弴ɡ
һЩˣȻǷȨλ
Ԭ˷ܣ⻥˵ıҲһˣ³̶Ѿĺˡ
ԬĽ飬ڻ˰ַڣܹʮλĿǰ˵ȫԱ
ַԼλ⣬ʮλȫΪĳš˵ĺĳţźܴȨһЩ£ĳŹͬ飬ȡúĳŵͬС
ҪЩεڻϣγһǿ
ҪΪĳųԱ޳ͨĶ
ʵѾ޶˺ĳŵ᷺ܻģڶʱڲܷġһ˴ǰḶһۣڶǼ뻥ĺôǵ۾Ͳֵһˡ
Ȼڻ˾ǸΣҪ뷢չ׳󣬻Ҫƣ
ƵĿ꣬ѾˣȫµĻ½˵һǧһ򣬶ȫµĻ½
Ƕ᲻£ʧˣôȻɢһ£˽ʥǣԺķչͲõˡ
²˳٣Ԭ½λþ
ַ忪ѯʣĿҲԬϡ
½
Ԭóһͼָĳλ˵
½ǾʥҲһξ룬ҹζ࣬ɣǱǧ̻һϵǾ鷳ˡ
ַҲ˵ͷܹռ䴩Щ޷ռ䣬ڸ·ҪѷɫЩࡣ
ã²˳٣
ֱַó˻ۣŻĿǰгԱѸٵĸȫµĻ½
ڻУԬҲ潻ַ塣
Ԭ½Уû棿
ַʵ⡣
ԬȴҡҡͷҲġڻ½У͵͵ҲɼƷԪΪȻ޷ȥѰһ档½Щ⣬챦٣Ļ档
ַ˵ͷϣ
ǣַҲ飬ֱӽʥ嵱СַѾܿ϶ʥ壬϶Ǵͨ
ֻҪϵĻ棬ôܳǿˣѰҸĻ棬ַڵҪз
һȫµĻ½мĻ档ˣַȫµĻ½Ҳڴ


1015 ´½

ַûж೤ʱ䣬ֻһֻˣѲ˶೤ʱ䡣棬ȻЩ⣬Ҳַʥĵʮֻˡ
һʥ壬ֻʥȫλȴûеʮֻࡣ
Ͼʮֻ棬ǴͻƣȻͬһ㡣
ˣַʥҲĵزͨһ㣬˲õĳɾˡ
ͨҪ£ͣĻۻһСûĻԵͨϾ͹̶ˣԶҲ޷ǿ
ĳһµлһͨȴٺ٣£ҲĥƽС
ַܼ棬ǿͨģֻд˵еĴͨˡгһգҲﵽ˼ޣַҲһͣ͡
ǺܾԺˡ
ˣ
º󣬻۵ִȫ»½λãȥȴƺ׽ӹȥпյģʲôûС
󣬿
Ԭһķ󣬿յĻУȻԼһ󣬴ҶһȻһ½
½ΪӴӦͻ½
Ԭ͵һ˾޴ĴۣĻ鱦ʲôĹܵǺܶ࣬书رǿˣѰ޷Ӧ
Ϊǧ̶̻֪
ǧ̻϶зʦĳıܲﲼ󡣵Ȼô󲿷Ĺܳܵסģ˲ûǧ̻˽뵽½档
˵˵ͷԬ漴ַٿŻۣѸٵķ˽ȥ

۱ַڶվյС
ȥ鶼Ӳɽ֣жһŨķҷϢĳĵرڿеζ
쿴ҵ죬ʱֻƬ̣뱣棬ͻ㣬ôô
ţιʮηΪιһöʮι̥ǣ˲ɱɻȻдƬι
һ֦Ҷռв㣬ռвмȡӪʲô¶ܴһ֦֦Ҷƻ鱦οһò
ڶͨǶҲǼʶ㣬ġʲô汦ûмʲôĻ½ûм
ͻ½Ҳ١
½ڶĵرֱ֮
ҵƲ⣬½Ӧڻ½ĳڣոγɺ󲻾ãԴΪḻ챦ʱۼֵһͻ½
ԬƲ⣬˵ͷʾͬػֻЩոճεĻ½һпܳ
ˣȻǸոγɲõĻ½ǻ
ȻУǿܶ࣬ǿߣҲǿްˣ½ȻǰҵȶУֵһᡣ
ȷ½Ȼ飬ܹߣѾǾ춯ˣڶ֮ͨ£ֵһᡣ
ܹޣҲ½Ǳ֮£Զ˵
λӦԻԪΪԼ£κ˲˽Կɿժĵرⶼǻ˵ġ󣬳䡢Чɻżá
ԬΪЩȻ˵Ͼ½̫ԣ̫ıˣ˶ֻԼ⻥ҲͳһЦ
Ȼ
ǣʮλʼɢȥѰҿˡ
ַ岢żۿҲãĵرҲգⶼǻ˵ġֻҪܹǧ̻ᣬռ½ôһУַͶзݡ
ǧ̻ܣôһᡣ
ô˻ᣬַȥѰһ棬ϾǿַʵһʵڽԸǧ̻Ҳһְա
ȥѰһˣʲôͻȻϵҡ
ַԼԬ˼䣬ɵԶȥȫµĻ½Ѱһˡ
½ʥ޴½Ҫ࣬ʹ½ַܸоƺǲһɳ
һγɵĻ½еġ
ַҪѰһ棬ҲäĿȥѰңʥ壬ʮֻ棬ڻ棬ȻŷǱѰĸӦ֮
ʥ壡
ַʩչ˻ʥ壬Ļ棬ͬʱʥĸӦҲ˼㡣
ţ
ַһʥȻһ˿Ӧ
ǣַѸٵĳŸӦķȥ


1016 ɫ
ಣ
ַٶȺεȿ죿ڻлֲ½ڣҪȥʲôطȴգۼܸϵ
ţˣ
ַ忴һ£ֻܿһЩޣȴ档
ַľŶһɨһϲѸٵķ˶¡
ڶ£ȻһӣڰУȴһͷĹޣϢҲǳǿ󣬺Ȼһͷޡ
۷ޣֻǾ޽һ֮ңԷȻججûпǣҲַܸܵϵľ޴в

ַָһһŻѸٷɳת˲ͱһŴȼ˲佫޵סת˲ͻΪ˻ҽ
Դ˿ַĻ²ʩչʥ壬Ҳ׽ճɻҽοһͷޣ
ַ߽˰µĶߣ˵Ҳ֣ⰵӺܱ䣬ȴȣԽԽȣޱȡ
Ȼǰڰгһƻ⣬Щȴһɫͷס
ַоڵʥ궯϶л档
ৣ
ַߣӿҽҽУȻһ䰵ɫľ޴󻨶䣬ƺÿһƬҶӣɻɡ
ЩҶӣƬֱֻ档
ѵǴ˵еɫ滨
ַһɫ滨ֻ棬ʮϣֻܹ䣬ϵͨž˵Ч
ֱһͷޣɱΪޣܹ
ֻڴţȴû˼û뵽ȴ⴦µĻ½ˡ
ɫ滨Ȼ󣬵ʵַصƬҶӣΪǴĻ档
ַʥ壬ĻѾʮˣֻ棬ʥֵ֪ز
ɱɫ滨ַôˣֻ棬Ѿֵַ½һˡ
ַһץɫ滨ץСֻͲƬҶӵС
²˳٣ַҲû˿ԥʩչʥ壬ƬҶֱɽڣʼֻ档

ǧ̻ᣬնҴҵĸ̻ܲ
ǧ£Ҫ
ն𲻹û̻ϵʽˣֻڸϻ̻󣬼Ҵҵϵ
ɡ
洫һնæ˽ȥϥһߴӣǵͷ­˵£̻;У·һƻ½ĵطֻ֣޷ȷ
ţ½
ǧȤȻ̻ͳϽźܶ½˭ӻ½ࣿ
˵
£Ǵطûмκλ½Ҳκ̻Χȴˣ²ɡңģ̶һλʦ¶Է֡˾Ĳ䣬ҲʲôµĻ½пֻһǿֵĻ½
ǧǰһ
˵㵱һ󹦣ˣȥɣѾλ£ȥһˡ
Ǳ£¸ˣ
նмһȫµĻ½ôǴһͷ϶õģʹͿ϶١
ǧ̻һϻԡƽʵǿĻն½
ֻϧԷпܲóĴֱʿɲһͨܶԸġ
ȫ»½˼ȫµĻ½˵ջͲСˡ
УǧǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
̻˷һµĻ½ȥ̻һˣÿˡ
ǧҲ֪ͨ
ţȫµĻ½ǧǣǵСĽһЩ˵ÿ塣
壿İɣ壬һһʱ֪ͨ㡣
˵꣬ǧֱӴռ䣬ȫ»½ȥȻȷһЩרš١һЩ壬һȫ»½Ϊ壬ûôֱʡ
ˣǧжһȫµĻ½
ˣ
ڰĻУһȦȦĿռϵļţ˷ɢȥ
ǧһӿռд
ˣ
ǧһ۾Ϳ˻յУ޵һ˿󲨶һ󣬵񣬶ԻޱӦһ˿˿򲨶
һ󣡲鱦öɣǿ϶ܹԲ󡣿¶벻桭
ǧһ˿˷֮ɫһָ

󼤵һ˿˿¶µһӴ½
Ȼȫ»½һûб˿ɹ˵Ǻ˵
ǧϲ漴һ϶˽ȥ


1017 ǧ٣
Ǹոγɲõһͻ½Դ̶ȣѷɫһͻ½
ǧϲ⡣ôһԴͻ½ĵطҲûǧ̻µĻ½󲿷ֶСͻ½ˡ
½ܱȷˣǧûзϡ
ţҪռ½ǵɨһЩϰñ˭½
ǧ漴۾ʼ򣬲̽½ϵ
ʵǧ˺̤½һ̣Ѿǰ
ţ˴󣬽˻½
Ԭɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻԼԲõģ鱦ҲǾ߱á
ˣκη紵ݶԬܷ֡
ˣ
Ԭһ֣ʼ󣬼½
ܿ죬о͸ֳһĻ棬ȻǧվյУߵĻŤ
ţҵˣ
ǧ·Ӧʲô͵̧ͷָһ
أ
ըѣҲѿˣԬǰĻҲ˲ʧͬˮĲһ˷ɢܿʧ١
ǧ񣡡
Ԭɫ䣬Դ֪ǧ̻пܷͶǧ̻ϸ˽⣬ǧ̻еλ񣬸ָơ
Ȼһ۾ϳˣԷǧ̻Ĵʼˣǧ
Ԭԭ͵ǧ̻ˣڿǧˣҲס̴Ѷˡ
ַ壬ǼæѶǧѾˣ׼ӭս

Ƨĵصװӣҽ˿ûбļ¶Ⱥܸߣַȴϥҽߣ˸һȦһȦĹâ
Щǻ棬һ
ߵ棬ַڼ̵ʱڣȫڡ
ÿһӣʵǿʥ壬˵ǿʥġ̡ʥ壬ԻΪ޻еĸ棬Ϊһ壬ɾʥ壡
ַĸо˿ʥ壬࣬ǰʮֻ棬ֻ棬ܹѾʮֻ档
֮ǰʮֻ棬Ѿࡣʥַ˿κˡ
ৣ
ַ۾ȫµĻ½ǱͺسһոγɵĻ½̺ŸָıԵ
½ܹˣεС
ˣ
ȻַĴѶ
ţǧˣ
ַ΢䣬ողų½ͷĴѰһܲһЩ档
û뵽ǧѾˣ
кξ壿
ַһâ漴ӰһѾɳ˵صװӡ

ˣ
Ԭɫأߣ󲿷ֵĻѾˣȻҪԸǧҲþۼе
ַ׳٣˭Ҳ顣ǶǶһЩõġ
䣡
Զǧһ·ƣжһ
񰡣
ڻУ񼸺ζ޵У£û˭ܹһλ񡣼ַôһλնĵһǶ񣬻̲סûᰫһͷ
ΪΪʵ
޵У޾£ԾԵʵƴĽն񣿿ֻڴŵС
֮ǰ˵һЩкԣʮλ֣ܶԿ񣬵ǧϵеĺƺʧˡ
һĻԬˣвɵһ
Ҳüܿ͸ϵˣǣǧһʱ䡣
ԬһַϵˣЩﾡܻһЩǣҲһ
һ֮磡ʵʵսһʱ䣬졣
ৣ
ǧͣһ߸ϵģĿ⸩
ݼǧ񣡡
ţϵñ
ȻʶڤʥǶǧܲʶǾʥǣ֮ˡ½ҵȷ֣ͣԵɨӭ
Ԭ̬ȴǧȻٺòˣϾһλַ֣λȵĵһҲûжٵ
ˣ
ǧҡҡͷʥǵССֻҪӦöš
ˣȴδ˵ҪôСûҪô³Ҳû񣬷ĻԬһἰ
ǣǧɫһ䣬û½ԻδɹƾЩصסҲвףβ뱾ǧ̻ᣬպ½Բǡ
£ǵɫһ䣬һ±ý
ǧǻ˵նĻһ
Ԭ֪ǧûнЩУҲַֻܱˣϣַ֮ǧɵ


1018 ǧ˭ϣ
һַ壿
ǧ۾΢΢һУҲЩסˣȻַ֪壬ַ֮˻磬ûô߶Ҳ˵ַ֮
һն׳٣
һ׮׮һЩµߣֱġ˵ȴԸϢʹ֮ˡ
ûλ̸ַϡ͡еֻз
ǧͶַܷУҲͷֱ棬񣬾Ȼһλնɱˡ
ת۷壬Ҳܵ޾ĳһҲ޷ϴˢĳ衣
ôһСҲѹȻǶ᲻Ƭ½ǾԶɣ
ǧһ˿â漴һֻ֡
Ļ𶯣۳һֻ޴ƣǵأͨͨ
һλʩչͨжôֲڿԬʮλصı֪ˡǸǶ޳ͨ˿ǧ񣬾Ȼе˾޴ѹ
ս
ԬҲûκ·û·ӻ˳һ̣Ǿ֪ôһա
ֻһǰ˶ѡ
ҲǶʮλβһս
ԣһսնʮλβ񿹺⣿
Ҳ񣡡
һ뵽ַҲʮλ֣ѵַǣս죬ĿҲûη塣
ܹе̶ȵߣ֮Ϊ벽ҲΪֻ벽ȴһһأ֮
ϣ
ǧ񿴵һȺս죬ҪǱ벻м֮ɫʲôʱҲˣ
䣡
ǧһ£ͬǳһΧĿռ䶼ޱȵġճ롰ء
ǧͨǧͨ
һ˲ˣгص
һʽͨҲǧͨһʽͨǧݺ磬δܼͬ׵Ҳѷɫ
ԬʮλҲʩչ˸ԵͨۻңһʩչҲǳˡ
ʮλ֣Ժһˡ
ԵԵ޵е
¡
ǧͨʮͨݺݵײһǺ޻ڣӲӲʮλս죬ɣҪ
ֻǣǧһͨͬݿ㣬ʮλֲͨѹ˲ʮλػ
ͣ
һ֪ͨжشʮλ֣һͨԺɱˡ
ҰܣǰδеĲҰܣ
ϣ
ǧ߸ϣĿĮĿʮλʮλУǺպ۰һ
ǧУȴֵһᣬϡ
£ϣ
ô
ǧĮĿ⣬ͬһ̽ʮλǸǶ۰һѾܹˡ
ΪʮλܹɨƽһУ²ҲӦܹ⡣Ͼַһ˶նβܣ
ԭʮλǧһӲӲ̾׹ѡ޵У޵У˵ʮλˣǶʮλʮλҲԶԶĶ֡
޵Уǿɲ˵˵ѡ
ǶЩˣȻ޵У˿£ַն׳٣
˵ʮλ֪ˣǧҲ֪Ҳ󣬲һܹն
ǿʣҲ֪񾿾жôùȻһλնɱˣֱ档
ǻ뱾ԿʲôˣʲôһҲҺųն񣿲ϰˣ
ǧĻɥһɫˮͷȴ˭ҲûзҲ޷
ǰˣܵĺܳף޷ǧ񿹺⡣
ʮλˣַһλкã
ô˭˵ϣ
Ȼ䣬һԶ˲Ϣ˹
ͣյУԻһӰֶɢǿϢΧĻŤ

ˣ
նҵѾˣ񲻿ɵа
ѾˣյַӰǳĸӡ
֮ǰǶַֺַҲˡڣȴַ壬ϣַܹ
ǧǿȴĿԺС
Ǽֱ޵еݻǵģַǧ񿹺ַԼԬﶼ
ţ
ǧ۾΢΢һУĿȴ¶һ˿֮ɫĸоַߵĻ򣬾ȻŤ޷
ζʲôλˡ
Ȼмַλһַܹն񡣵ַܴټ϶ǿѨ磬ǧıҲ
ַ帺ֶ˵Ȼô¡
ǧ˵ϣУҲϰˣ
䣡
ַ廰һ䣬Ժͬըһ㣬һƬհס


1019 ԭĿ
ϣַȻǧΪϡ
ֻ˵˵ˣһͷСĽǾܣִܹͨߵ㡣
ռߵ㣬ΪϣȻȴΪϣǱĩãǴ󲻾
󵨣ַ壬Ѿа·޿ɾȣ죬ñȥֻءϣһҪô֪ߵغ񣬸Ҫа·
ǧûвȻŭƽʵϣ˶֪ǧŭˣҷǳķŭɱȻ
ַһ䡰ϡǾǴǧ񣬻˵ۡ飬Ȼϡ
ϲ᷸
ԣ²Ϊ½ֻΪ仰ǧһҪַȥֻء
ǧͨ
ǧĮһ֣·תǳһʧȥɫеֻصݺݵѹַϣ·һ˲Ҫַѹࡣ
һĹâ£ÿһâԽκѹ촷ۣҲʩչͨܶԿ
ַܸо˻鱦ֻһ˲鱦ͻᱻ÷顣ͨǧͨ
֮ͨ˹
ǧʩչַ֪ͨǧǿԶԶȵҪǿѹܹټǧ̻ᡣ
ǧ񶼱ȰԴԪҪǿһ㣬˵¡
Σ
ַ嵱λֵ֣סˣοǧ
ʥ壡
ַĮıһȦȦĹ飬Ѹٵַеޱȵʥ
ÿһΣŵľÿһ档
ַĻѾʮ֣ĹҲʮȦ
䣡
תۼ䣬ַѸٵͣɸߣַʥ壬ȫʥ壬ɸߵʥ壬˿ֲѹΧŤûκһַֻܹʥ֮ϡ
ǿַڡ
ƣ
ַͬһ㣬һȡһȭǴʮֻȴû֡
һ̣飬һȦȦĿֲ֮֮⣬ǧľսĸо
ʮ棬ԶԶַĻҪǿ󡣵ǧͨݺݵĺַʥ֮ʱɸߵʥȴȻȼյĻ棬ӿȡ
񣬲ϣ
ַӸ£˿Ҳǧ񡣶ǧѾ۾Ŀ¶һ˿֮ɫ
УͨȻĲС
ʥ壬ƻ񼴱лҲ޷ѹơǾǧԽԽһ˲Ҫ¡
ң
ǧɫ䣬ڿ־ˣһʱԮ͵׳߰˼鱦ÿһǷʵĻ鱦
أ
ûκãǻ鱦ַʥ壬ַʥһıΪ촷ַۡһ񣬸޿ɵֵǻ鱦ͨƺûκá
͡޵У
˿ַʥ壬˵׺·Ҫ񣬼ֱǴԶʱ߳Ŀֲս񣬳Դ򱬻硣
ַĿȴ侲
ǧһʹⲻǷĿ񲻾ͳ
ϣԭַУľϰˣ
ǧмֵĳ·ͬһ㣬˲ѣһ˿˿޴ƣҲ޷ָ
ǧˣԬȶ˿̸Ŀɿڴ۾·š
ַ֪ǿѧ磬ն׳ٵĵһǵУ֮ǰʮλ׳־
ֻϧ񣬶ǱˣһͿأ飬ƺֱ˸߸ϣ·޵еĴڣ
ǵѾûˣַ壬ǵһҲãҲûκġ
ڣǿʲô
ַɸߵʥ壬Сһ㣬ֽǧͨ飬ͨܣ޷ַһֻơ
ֻһֻƣ·ַǰǧ˿ֿ֮ûеϡ
ǵģϣǧ˿̵ı֣ͷ·һ㡣
޷⣬һλȻֵͬһ
ԭ̫֪ܹ񣡡
ǰۿһĻǲšУΣϰˡ
ǰˣΪϵΣڣҲʲô
֤ˣܹ񣡡
һ̣ʮλ׹ˡ֮ǰиָ뷨иָͷ
ڣ뷨ͷȫɢѾ׵ĽԼ˻˵һԱַλϵΰڣǻʲôģ
гһգҲַĳɾͣ
䣡
ַľ޴ƣҪǧʱ͵ըѣ½Ҳһ̣ڱıԵ
һֻ޴֣ӻ֮Уַʥƣݺݵײһ


1020 һսغ
ţ
ַһָ̣ĸ֣ƺ˻ӣԺһƬң·ĸǣַ·Դ滹ڳʱ
󣿡
ַѾöûгֹˣѹһСַѾϰ߲棬ˣû֮ѹһУ˻
ַ壬ֻ֮һ㣬ת̾˹ɸߵʥĶӰ
ǵģӰһǧ񣬶һӰŻƳۣ˿ޱȵĿĿ
񣬿϶ûˣǧ̻һλ
ǧ̻λǧǧ̻ᣬǶȴһŹͨ˲֪뵽þУҲֵסΪ֮һ
ǧϣ˶񣬼˭ҲԸǡǧ̻ô½ԭ
ڣǧ̻ȫˣ
ãһ㣬һҾֻȥˡ
ǧɫɫЩ־塣񣬼ǰսǧͨҲǿδΣյĵز
ڸղţȻĲˣһһλС
ԭַһ֮ܣ
֪㣬֮ն׳ٵĵһַ壡
ֶɫԵúƽǧڿҲƽ
񣬼䣬Ҳָ̬ܺܿƽο֪֣ЩӵдͨĶ⣬кǶ֣
Ҳ֪㣬˵ǧ֣£޵֡
ްˡ
ƺûκγԹҲղûжһҳԽƽԽпǱǰƽ
ַ岻Сľ磬ʲôԻ󣿵Ļȥ
Ѿǻˣĳֽ˻ĳЩɵͨ
дţͨκ֮뵽޾ĻУһһ㣬޳У޷԰Ρ
һЩ۸˼䣬䣬ʵūͣµġ
£ǻܹı˼룬ı飬̫֡ͨ죬̫аš
ѹûжԸǧ̻ᣬʵǲԸ
˵պƽƽȴܹ졣˴ҳһ£˭֪˿ַٵĴǶôΣա
ַҪλ񣬶һԹ
ɱȵַԵλ񣬴ҪѡղַչֳΪϵ޵֮ˣѹ̫ˡ
ô죬ô죿
ûκΰ취֮ĴսֵʸûС
񰡣ɾ񣬵ȷϡϾÿλ
ģǲ󣬱½֮ͨԺ䣬Ǵͻ½Ҳпܱٱ
ԬඥоЩ޵ֵ֮ǣһ¶
ַֻһˣս

һ΢紵Ҳûие˿⡣ʱ񿪿ˣ½ոγɣ˾̫ϧˡ
ǰ֮ʤΣ½ӦսƷӦǨŭһ½Ǵɾʲôòˡ
ַ໥һЦܿԷеս⣬ɱ⡣
Ǿڻһս
֮ã
˴Цһǧȷɳ˻½Ȼ޷赲ǣֱӾͱ˺ѣ󶼲ƲҲ޷ټ
ַ忴һԬˣ󵭵˵ǻ½ȻˣǾͳ綼һսˣǵ󷽷ǻ˵ġһսɣԵ춨ǻ˵ĵλռ½ԴΪһ˵ĸʧܣһᣡ
˵ַ꣬ҲΪһ⣬ɽ˻֮С
Ԭַ뿪Ӱ漴һҧܵΣգҲǻᡣҷԼ̿ʼƣҪߴʥǡһԼǧĴս䶯ɣǻ˾ܳƶܣһᣡ
ƴҲһġ
֪һսѾһ½ˣǹغǵ֮ս


1021 ʥǺ䶯
ڤʥǣֻ̻ǿάֻ֣ʣһռӡȻмλάţŲǧ̻꣬϶᳹װ䡣
ǧʱ䣬ܹѣػ۷
еһж̫϶ڵ̻ᣬѾֱˣЩ̻ĹǣȻַ֮ǡ
һλȻ񣬶һǲ̻ϳֱܡʵãǿͶַ嶯ˡ
᳤᳤Ϣǧ̻ǧΪһȫµĻ½뻥ˡ
ˣû˵кθɣ
᳤ޱ飬ֻǿά̻ᣬûʲôȤˣȤҲǣ浽һʥǵᣬ˵ˣҲ޷ǧ̻һ½
᳤ǻ˵ֻǾʥʮλ½һַ尡
ʲôַ壿
᳤΢΢һ㶣漴ЦǿȻַôһ졣һЩıƣû᳤ȥֻˣΪ޵ˣǧַ֣һ֮أ
ԣԣǧ֣Щ񣬺ǵַ֣һˣ
ߣߣҲȥһҪۿַ³
ǣЩ˱㼱Ҵҵ׼¥Ϊ˭ܴռ䣿޷ռ䣬۹ȥ֪˺£սͽˡ
ȴ£¥һǲǰ¼սϸڣҲˡ

ʥǣԪ̻ᡣ
£Ϣַ˻ˣȻڤʥǵǧԼһ½Ŀǰڻжţս
ৣ
Ԫ͵۾
ˣٺ٣ǧϼһǿɲ򵥰֣ҶҪ˱ᡣַ򵥣ôֵ£ǧѷܴ꣬
Ԫ漴һӣ˲̤˿ռͨ

½ԭԴѾԹϷ½һһ룬ˮˮ
գȴԼͬ
Դ˵ַ£
Ȼ˵ˡô飬ҲҪȥս
ȻôһǧѷĻᣬַܴҲ̫ˣǧǿɲöԸ
ٺ٣ַһǧֶԸѾ˵ʵҵͬĿҸַ壬Ϊأ
Щ죬֪ԴǺַԶֵģַܶӵϤ
Ǿһȥɡ
ãһһ𡣡
ǣλͷҲܽС
죬죬Ͻȥ¥һַ壬սǧѷĻᣬɲܴ
һ˻ˣʤĻ⻥˿̾ܳƶɣҵץᣬ˵Ҳܼ롣
һս񣬲˼顣
ʱ˿̣龰ߴʥǼֱ಻ʤַ嶼С˿̵ǶЩ˵Ǵ
֮ǰַֻ׳٣ûǳźôһμ֤ʷĻᡣ
ڣȻĻᣬһǶսǧǿǸޱȵľ
¥ɳλǰȥ¼սϸڣ涼ֶδأ͵ۿʸ񣬾͵żƷԪ׬
ַЩǵĺǿӰҲԶԶһǷӵ¥
ǧ
һ֣ǧǰǧ֣һλպյ˭Ҳ֪ڵ񾿾жǿˡ
οһλĵĵһ֮ĴսǿԿռ䴩󣬲ȥ¥ȴϢֱӴռ˴սĵط
һʱ䣬ʥǣȫΪ¶ֵ÷з

ಣ
һλһλѾϵ˻С
ǿĿվַԼλ񣬵˫ȴû̴ս·ʲô
쿴µĻ½𣿡
һȫµĻ½
ѹǧ󶯸ɸ꣬һȫ»½ԴȻҪˡ
û뵽гһգֻ½ᡣ
һϣǿֻԵ񣬶ռûʶܹռϢôǿȻ
һӶûмô
Ѿ飬ˣ½Ҳزסˣ¶ڶǰǰԬ϶ǳ£ǳ̿֡
ڣǳһ˿˿Ƕ⣬ȴţ
ΪûκһλǰᣬǶĬ½ַǧ̻ʤߡ
ʵܽǧ̻λƣǧ̻½ʹ˻ˣ˴˿ַʵ
ڶƽƽʸ
ܣܶôԺܶôе֪һжϵڻеǵӰ֮ϡ
ַ壬һ
ɣ˽쳹磬ʧܣôһᣡ


1022 ֻ磡
ǧվڻյУΧĿ⣬ҲԿȻܹǶлĲ١ˡ
ַҲˣҲԪ񡢰Դȵȣַʶ񲻶࣬ȴ٣Ҳܲ³һ
ЩĿ⣬϶ַϴţһǺܲ޼ɵĴţһָ߸ϵζ
ַҲûзŭ֪Ǻģǵһն񣬵Σ
ûۼ˭Ҳ̫ĸдοЩ߸ϵ񣿲ַҲţӽһս󣬽ûλô޼ɵĿ
䣡
˫ƣַϵƣȱ
һȦȦĹΣַıɢһתۼѾγʮΡ
ÿһζһֻ档

ַһͺȣԴ޳ʥȻ֪ʥʵ̬ҪȫͷųʥοɲС
ǣַʥٶͣɸֱӰθߵ˽ʮɸߣҲʥʮֻ󣬴ﵽļ¡
ʥһԻӴѹΧһЩɫһ䡣
ַλһ鶼ܸӡЩȣЩмܻЩ档
ΣǶ޷ַͬȵĵλ
ڣַ廯ΪʮɸߵľˣԻʥǹɿµѹЩ񶼸еԾ
ʱҲһ
ʲôͨȻ˿µѹ
ӦĳֻԵͨһͨҪ̫Ļ򣬵ԴҪܸߣзǳ̣һ񶼲ôţ˵ˡ
ͨҲûʲôµģֻҪǱİӡһܼܳͨ
һЩмַͨȻǿ󣬵ȱҲֻܴҪ˾룬ʩչַͨͨǿܿס٣
ҲһЩ񣬱ءͨô׶Ը¾ûԸͨˡ
һЩǿͨӲʮͨĹǿ߶ԿǲǾһЩǿ޵ˡ
ͨ
ԴԪַǾ޴ʥ鶼ءǵַսַ̤ʯ
ֻΪַնɱϢ̫ûʲô˹עˡַ֪һ˴սλ
ԼɲһսǿĻͨǹܴɡһ̶ϣԪɾַ壬ַʥ˵ʮֻ档
ʮΣǾʹʮֻ档ȵսʱǿˣ
ԪţɫءַһսȻַͨϸڡһξʹһ档
ԽĻ棬ַʥǿͨǿ
ֻʮĵ棬ڣȴ˰ֻ棬Ѿʮ档
ַ壬ѽȡ
ǰԴԪأַͨΪɵǧҲܼͬɵСַͨȷǿҲһ֮ͨ¡
ƽʵҲɵ˼㡣
ְ֣ɡ
޶ãַͨǿΣԼͨţ
ֻͨ磬٣
һ֣Ļ򶼿ʼһεĲƺһסַ塣
䣡
һ˲䣬ַͷ·һȫµ硣ǼٵģһжõģȴҪС
Ĺֻͨ磡
ⲻһǵ磬һ磬һжõģȴ硣һн񹹽һķʽ뵽ֻ統С
ǳֻУ޷԰Σôö֮Լ˭пܳΪū͡
ֻĿ֮һŹ֪ͨö񶼼ɵѡ
ֻ磬ͨǿ£о˳õ޷԰Ρ
˵ͨԽƣôͨҲԽ󡣵ȵ糹ƣ޷©Ǹʱпܽͨͨ
ֱͨʤǧһԸ֣£޵У
ʩչֻͨ۾΢΢һУĿҲ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
˷ʤĹͨ˿־塣
Ϊ֪εֵ
ֻƾԼļᶨ־ܹ򣬵޷أ޷ƿصȻη塣
ղŻʩչʮɸߵʥַ壬ѹǿضԴ˿ַֻ̣ͨĿҲãѾ뵽ֻ޷԰Ρ
粻޷ֻֿ磬һֵֽܵ䶨ˣ
һλն˵ƺѾԤⳡսĽˡ
ǧͨ
ַֻУʮɸߵʥһûѹϢǧҲͨ
ֲͨͨϣЧĺá
Ҳλ֣ս޲ʤҪԭ
䣡
ǧ֮ͨסַӴʥ壬ַʥûУܿʥ壬ܿסͨ
ˣˡ
ȫǱİӡ
ǧֱ֣ͨңݺ޵С˵ַˣ˶λ֮⣿
ַӴʥ壬һǼǧͨϣ񶼲ô񱩵ַͨʥܼΣѾҪ֧Ųסˡ
ƺʧֻʱ⡣
Ѱ
Ԭź
ֻϧַȴû˿ĶܹѣǾͲ񶦶ĳͨˡ


1023 
ôôܿ
һΡΡΣǧһδεʩչǧͨʱԿ϶ַȷǳֻ޷԰Ρ
ûκηֻʥ¶ǰ
ʥǿֻǻӰˣǧĹʲôǧͨ޼ɵĹΣַȻܿסϢûм١
ôܣ
ǧ޷⣬ͬ޷⡣
ô£ǧͨɲôöԸΪǿ󣬰һ£ǿĻ鱦ס
ȴסͨƺϢûм٣ʲôͨ˿ֲ
ŵһһصͨӶն׳١ԭΪ⣬ڿͨһĴͨ
ʲôƾǧ񹥻ڲ֮أ
񿴵һĻһƬȻǶַ岻̫˽⣬˽ǧ񰡡ǧǧͨڹ͵Сͨж൱ˡ
ַľطͨΪԱȣ˿Բ״̬µľطͨҪǰǧϣǰͨûκ赲
赲һΣôΡҲ϶赲ˡ
ڣַ屻κϢȴû˥٣𾪡Ҳǵһʶַλһ
ȻǧĹûЧԬ񡢰Դȴüͷ
ţЩԾȥΣհ
ǰֻͨõ磬УһֱûѹǻӣһֱûѹʥǿҲһյֵס
ֲַ˶೤ʱˣ
Լã
㿴ַĹΣԭʮΣǾʹʮֻ档ͨĸʥܡȻǧͨʱںûЧʱ䳤أοǧͨҲûЧֻǲײˡַͨĹΣǲǾͼ
ǡ
ʵѾһЩ쳣
ҲˣĿ䣬˵ǧ񣬴ͨ죬ʥǿ󣬵Ҳ޵С٣ͨÿһκƵ棬ò˶ãܳ׽ɱ
ǧҲһҧҲˣǧͨһԾȻַֻܺ档ַһʮ棬ô˵Ҫʩչʮһͨ
λսöֺʮһͨ
ǧҲòϣûԶԶַĶ֣Ļ䡣
ֻǻӣȴҪʮһΡ
ͨû״̬ͨ˵Բ״̬ˡΪͨʥ壬ʹûгΪͨҲܱͨͨġ
ĴΡΡΡ
ַ״̬ܲãһδεͨȻǧҧгݣ澡ʧϾԸһܷĻӣҲҪķôʱ䡣
ֻҪַ岻ֻôһֱǻӣֻʱ⡣
ַأ
ȷѾֻ統УȴûУ׳С
ֻ磬ǹͨһнΪãһֽΪʵʵԽ綨
ַʵûгУѾ֪ͨ죬֮ǰѾ֮תȫʱ̶ѡ
ֻ뿴һĹͨкΰ
ʵҲһʥǿַԭ֮ǰʮֻʱʥ壬ֻǿסһͨ
ڣʮֻ棬ʥ֮кַʥѾǿվŲһСͨԺƣԿסܳʱ䡣
ˣַҲͲż
ָоֻ磬ȻųƵ磬ôܶ涼Щ
ַ棬ڻЩʲôʵַԼҲȴףѾﵽһƿ
ĴС޹أܹţŶ٣ַܸо滹Щʲô
׻ЩʲôԶҲ޷ƣôһ죬ٱ
ǵģ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪԴ棬Ҳ˥Ҳʱ޶һʱ䵽ˣԴͻ᳹˥
ַ岻ĳһ죬Ҳôһпʵôͱ泹ƣҵ㲻İ취
ַֻʵһָоȴʲôⶼֻ֪ܽһЩ磬档
Ȼûҵ磬ֻ磬Ҳһ磬һĲο
˭뵽ַս֮УȻ˼ֻ磿


1024 ֻ
ַ屣ѣȴԼֻ硣֮Գ֮Ϊֻ磬ַҲˡ
˿ֻУһСݣֻһ֮ȥֱһֻϣȥżʲô顣
ǧճΪˡȻȻˣҲֻдҴҼʮȥֻΪһòݣһֻء
޷ѣôͻֻ磬ֻأ޾ַѾֻУһֻ֡ء
ȷһ磬ʲôز޷ֱ٣˵ʵ磬Ҳû˻ỳɡ
ÿһڣ·Ȼɣûоκοġơ
ֻأֻأһΪֻأ޾ֻأƣûκ
ַ帣飬·һ˿Уʲôȴֺûץס
ֻأֻءѵҵ棬Ƿȱľֻأ
䣡
ַԺһƬհףͷӿ֡
ֻأǰֻأǷȱһֻءַһֱڵǣ˵һֱɻǧħ񣬱̣Ѿﵽ˻۷˵ľ硣
ȴһֱ޷顣Ҳ߻޵·ӣõ飬޳ɻޡ
רǣҲʧΪһְ취ֻȨ֮ƣ޷ڸַǷȱһЩʲô
ڣַǷȱʲôˣֻأ
ȱֻأ飬ҲˣƮɢ浱Уع棬ȴ޷γЧѭ
ֻأô
һ棬һ磬ʲôҪȻ
磬ܻң˻ʥǣڴɱɱǻ½Դ棬ƺȫ
ʵϣҲֻأֵֻܲġ
ֻλʥ𣬽˻磬ܡֻء
ΪֻأŲڸӵĻңֻǱĻңʵϻһֱ
ֻ
һŻ٣ܲϵš
ˣһжˣַԺлȻʣȻ
ֻ磬ǲҲýˣ
ַš
ৣ
֮һתʱܵĻƺ˲ͱ֧顣
䣡
һǧͨݺݵĺַϡ
꣡
ѾǵʮεĹˣַʥԭʮΣҲֻʣʮΡղһַͨʥ϶һơ
˵ַʥҲ쵽ˣѾ֧ŲסѺ۾ʹţַѾˡ
ټӰѾַɣ
ǧĿȣЩƽʱǧ̻ᣬλ߸ϣ
ʲôʱ澡ʧ
ǰսģǺպ񡣾Щû䳰ȷһĿ⣬ַԼǧɨζȴԶ
ǳĳ
񣬶һܷ൱ڻӵȻҲķôʱ䶼޿κΡܴ裡
ǧޱȵķŭ澡ʧҲ޿κΡַûж֣ǵĵȷȷڶʱڣκβַ塣
ڣַʥڿҪ֧Ųסˣǧܲϲ
ǧͨ
ʮһַͨʱĹʧˡֻʣʮΣҲַϵʮ档
ңַϵҲԽԽࡣ
ʱһֱ۾ַ壬ȴ͵۾
ৣ
ַ۾Ŀȴûãޱȵ侲š˵ַˣ
˶ǻȻһǧûʮͨ¶˳Ծ֮ɫ
бһ˿â
Ȼˣ
ƺЩ˼飬֮ǰڻ½УͻȻַ֣ҲˡǸʱûȫ˲ΪȻ
Σȴʩչֻ磬ͨǿͨѪϣЩ˭Ҳ޷ѳֻ硣
ڣַȴһӣѳֻ硣
ַͷһԼʥ壬˵ǧٿ׶ΪܹʮСͨĺʥ֮Ѿַ
ңʥǿΪȡʱ䣬˵Ҳ޷ֻУ޷ҳԼ治Ƶĵط
˵һøл㡣ֻ磬ֻأ
ַЦЦĿޱȵ䣬Ҳޱȵķɡ
㡭Ȼҵֻ磬
۾΢΢һšַѾĻǧѳֻ磬ܾȣҲ⡣
ڣַȴΪ˲ֻУɾͲһˣζţַֻͨûκá
ôܣ
ǧͨ
ǧȴŻᣬʩչ˵ʮͨ
ʱֲ񱩵֮ͨݺݵûַʥ塣ǧıޱȵķŤ
ַΣַǿ֮ĩʥ壬֧Ŷټͨ
ˣַ


1025 
Сģ
㰡
һַͨѣҲˡ
ǧʩչʮͨ˶ҡҡͷģ뿴ַ巭̣ƺ־òܡ
ͨѾַľ޴ʥûַӴʥ壬ûжܣҲܶܵù
ǣ̳ɢַʥϣƣͬ֩ƵģƺʱѿȻ
ַ壬ܴͨѹΣѾʧȥѵʱˣ
ǧЦ
ַ壬ȴһĮĿлһ˿ĳ·мĿ⣬ǰֻǧʲôʱַҲĿ⿴ˣ
ǧ񣬿㻹ǲףΪϣϾϣԶףʥǿ󣡡
ַҡҡͷУǧȷϣɾͲԶˡôһɵĻᣬֻܿܽһŴͨӶΪôǧһǴԶֹֻǰˡ
ʥ壡
ַʮɸߵӴʥݺݳһ硣
䣡
𶯣һ˲䣬˶оӻһɹӿȵ·𴩹ռ䣬˲ӿַڡ
һƵĻ棬ַʥ壬ܹȡеĻ棬ʵʥ
̶ַ̼ʥ֩ƣѾָ˴룬ϵϢٶǿ
ϵĻĹΣҲָʮ
ֱ˾
ܣѾǿ֮ĩҪƭ
ǧ꣬һķٴͨȻ
ַɫƽĿȴһ˿â
ϰˣҲգʵ
ַӴʥ嶯ˣӭͨߴʮɵʥ壬ȼſֲĻ棬ʮγеսһ㡣

ַֻ֣ͨݺһץ
޴ƣ˲ʹͨķǻأһƬ½ַͨľ֮£ȴֽͬһ㣬˺顣
ôܣ
ǧĺˣ˵ùַĴ֡
һ˲䣬ַĴֱݺһգӿĻֻǰͲá
أ
ַסǧҽţ֧֮Ųס˲һ󱬣Ϊ˻ҽһҲ֮ɽ˻תֻȥˡ
УȻޱȵļžžЩ졣
ˣһλˣһĿôġ֤֮£ֱһ󱬣Ϊҽ
ֻȥתֻޣҲڸʵ
һλ䣬ѾַеĵڶλˣɲڻʥҲкܶ࣬Ѿվ֮۷壬
ô꣬ʥȻҲ񣬵ҲǼټԵġôʱڣλ񣬻ͬһУֻһ
οնɱĻһλ
񣬶˵д⣬û˿ǿȫԿֲѹ
ûκַˣһսѹǧλ
ǧˡ
Ŀ䣬˳˼С
ȴ̲ס˷ܵĺʤˣַʤˣ˴Ӵ˿𣬲ǷƮҡĳΪһǿ֮Ҳָտɴ
񣬾Ȼˡ֮ǰǿһλ񰡣ֱˣǸǳһڶ
˼飬ǲ˼飬Ĳ
ȷǻʵϢûκα仯ֱͨ춯أȻѹš
ǵĻ裬󲿷񶼳Ĭ
ԴһۣܿԷеһ˿˿ɻ
ֱǿˣ
ȵ½ʱǿˣͨ
Դ񶼺ַжǿڣô̵ʱڣַȴȡַľûκ
ôԭֻһַͨȷǾ춯أ˼顣
뵽ַͨͬСɣԴҲ뵽ûвµ
۲ĽǰһַĿУȴṵֳ̂û˼
ԭҲܼ򵥣ַַ֤ʵѾλ֮СһҪӵǿ󣬽ڶ
ʵѾ㹻ӵǿͨ
˶ϣҪĳ֣
ַ帺ֶȻ˵û˿ҪŹĴ㣬һ˲䣬ͽȻţĿⶼϡ


1026 ѹ
ţ
̧ͷüëһղַ嶯֣Ҳסûںǧ˵ǧĽ顣˵ʱʲô
鲻Ǿͼĺܣںʱ⣿
񵱳ҲΪһŵǧ̻ᡣЩ꣬Ҳǧ£Ѿ顣
ûгЩ壬УҲϡƽֻҪԼСֻתҲ֪£۷壬ûλȥֻһ⡣
ڣַȻҪɱ
Ҫɱң
üͷһǧͬûޡ½ʤˣ½Թ㡣
½һȷֵġ
ַĿ䡣
ǧ̻ᣬҲһԸ㣬ܳ˰ɣ
治ȥֻһ⣬ˣǧ̻ᣬֻҪܻţƾʵǧ̻Ҳؽ

ʵַҲһҪնɱֻ񣬻Ҫ棬ѹ

üͷĸˣȴҲûзŭأʤˣʱնɱ֣ʴȣ
һһһ鱦С
鱦̺һصĻ棬еͨӦйذɣ鱦Լǧ̻ᣬ͵ҵ񣡡
һӣ鱦ݵַС
ţ
ַ忴һ鱦ʥȻ΢΢𶯣Ȼǵʮֻ棬Ȼϲ⣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ֻҲܲгΪͨǱһ챦ҲԱѡ
ԭˡ
Ŀַһۣ漴ֱƿռ䣬뿪˴˴
һĻףַ񣬶Ҳˣóǧ̻Լһ鱦
ĳ̶ֳϣǶ֮£ǳǿûԸս
ַȴܻȻ񲻸Сˡ
һ֮鴫ףˣ
һͨ˽Ҳָտɴϲɺء
лᵽҵׯ԰۵һΣҲͨ
ף
ǰַ幧أҲζţַõЩĳϡ
һλͬһλǻʷһΡ
ַҲûа죬΢΢һЦ˵ллλһܲûнãգһúýӴλ񡣡
˵˵ҵȾͲˡ
ǣһЦ׷ȥҲ½·صġѾĬ½ַԼռݡ
ȵһ뿪Ԭȴݵڵصݼ
һǺķڷ
ַҲ󷽷һҲʸĴûЩ¶ˡ
л½ȫµĻ½Ҳ򲻿ܱȫ
λ»һ󣬻ҪճԱ콫½ɳˣǻ˲ܲ졣
ַһһ´Ÿ
ʱ䲻̫ȴܷḻĸǵ棬ٵ磬ַչˣʮ˵ĻˣȻŵþ
ЩС¡û˼𣿡
һ˵׳ָտɴ
뻥ˣһȷѡ񡣡
ЩһĶɾʮ㣬ġ˻ܣȫµĻ½պǳɾƺҲǳ˵Ρ
ַ˵ͷ漴ɽ½½ѰûĻ档
УҪģ

һսַ֮һ֮ûܹˡʥеһϢƺŶͦ
Щᵽһ֮Ҳ͡мӡǻʷΪǿƵˡ
ַ֣˼ҵַۡǿͨҵۣŪûʥǶз
ڣ˵õһ
ڤʥǵУһЩ񣬻˵ڤʥһӣƺҪһͨͽʥ壡
ֻϧʧܣҶҲһͷʥ޸ɣ鶼𣬳ˡѾǺܹϵϢַλһֻ˶
һЩʵһЩ뷨ϾһλĿֲͨϢʥ壬пǵ񴴳ͨ
һʱ䣬ûʲôˡ
ǣ浽߸ϵʥ𣬼ֻôһ㣬һ˿˿ĿܣҲûλðաοַҲߣ
ϢַʱַҲܲ졣
񣿡
ַţƺѾʲô


1027 ռ
ʱҴҶתۼһʱ䡣
Ȼֻһʱ䣬ȴչѸ٣ԱѾһߣҴ󲿷ֶ
ȻͱȽˣҲϰλ
һţѾʵȻֻϧûκһλ롣
εȸ߰
߸ϣһһλ񣬸˵ˣֻһȺɵˡ
ûַλһ򣬻Ҳɲʲô򣬸޷ռһ½
ַ彫˵ĹˣԼԬ˿ɲһףһ½ǧ̻ᡣ
Ȼǧ̻Ѿ̻ˣչҲǳѸ͡˵һжѾĲ죬Ҫַġ
һʱһŻ½Ŀɣǧ̻Ĳ룬ַϵļƷԪǡȻȲЩҷ񣬵һĲضá
ַϵļƷԪȴû̫ࡣٶļƷԪתΪʵǾ˷ѡ
ˣַԻ˵壬Уؽչ档
ַ彫һЩͨĻһɨգһЩĻ棬ɱ÷ǳѣʮżƷԪһֻ棬ַһҲջȡֻõֻ棬ַʥ塣
һֻ棬ַĻ棬Ҳﵽʮ֡
Ȼһջֻ棬ʵҲˣֻһꡣַ屾ĻԽԽ࣬ҵµĻԽԽˣַ彫չ۸һᣬҲûκջ
û˻棬ģַʵҲ΢΢ͣ
ǣַԽռ档˵ܲȻھʥǣַȴһֱסڻ½С
½ʥǡڤʥǵ߹򣬲ûз䵽ˣַԷĵûԴʯռ򣬲˷֣ǳȫ
лԴʯַĽҲܻ
ռ򣬲ͬ򣬲ôġַȴִڻռΪַѾڻվȽŸܾصĸǣӻԴˡ
Ż۷УҪԴ棬֪Ҫ£ϾôĻۣҪɱ磬֪Ҫôʱ䡣
ˣֻпռ䴩ٶ졣
οַѾǵһնɱΨһ𣬾޷ռ䴩ΨһĶ̰塣
ֲ̰壬ַ񼸺ûʲô̫Ĳˡ򶼿򣬵ռַȴ뾡
һգַŬռôľʱĻˣİ
ˣ
ȻԴʯ΢ַ帣飬Ժгһ˿⡣˿ֵĺޣƺת˲šַȴһץס˿⡣
ռ䣬
ַһָһ㡣

У˲ͳһռѷ죬¶Ϣ
ţˣ
ַЩ죬ĿԼ˫֡ղûжκֻǸ飬ץסԺеһ˿УȻôһָ˺˿ռ䡣
ָоռƺ̫ˡ
ַϸŵĻռĿռ䷨ȣƺǳĺءգҲֻһ˿Ƥë
ֻܴռ䣬ֻ·ˡ
ռУ͸Դַ廹֪ԶزҲǴ󲿷ľ硣
󲿷ֵҲֻܹÿռ򣬴ռˡĳЩҪûռͨ
ÿռͨһǺպĴͨһ붼롣
ڳˣ
ַ峤˿ռ򣬲ӣȴ쳣ѣȫˮĥĹŽֻǻռ򣬻л֮ĹַҪ೤ʱȫ
ǧ껹ꣿʱ䣿
ַЦҡҡͷ̫ˣʵϣʱ̳ɾߣҲһꡣ
ַж೤ʱ䣿
ʱ򷵻Դˡ
ַվһ뵽ҪԴ棬Ժо͸ֳӰַϤ׽֮˵Ӱ
磬ʱ䲻㳤Ҳ̣ûгһǧʱ䣬Ҳֻмˡ
˵߶Ի˵ָ꣬һ˲ˣֵһᡣַ˵ʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ѾڻʥվȽŸȻҪ˽ӵʥкúðá
Ͼлǻʥȫ


1028 عǰϦ
ԧţԬ
һգַڻ½ŵùλԧ⣬λҲǻеĺģǸƹŻ˵ĴȨ
Ƭ½Ѿ˾Ӫȹָ̣󣬸ǱȱȽǡҲһˡٿסһʱûʲôģҲǻڲƴ֣ķؽе󷨴ʦŲö
ַԽƬ½Ϊʼζţ˵ĳʼһ֮ʼˣʼ½Ի˶ԣֻһƬ½ô򵥣Ǹϣ
ټҵǰ·Ը
ԬʵԬǴ⣬棬ִƻ˵Ȩַ񶼲Сﻥˡ
ԬҲһж˭ġˣҶַλ˿Ĳַ弸ô˵ˣǻ˵һϵ
ַ忴һԬԼԧ˿˵ԬʶʱҲˡԬҲҵһ˿²İɣ
λһۣ
ʵϹַĴкܶ࣬Ͼַǵһʷеһλ֮ն׳ٵǿڡһûκһ˿ҡ
ôһλǿߣ¶˴ɫʣ֮ΪҲΪ
ΧŴ˶ڵ飬ڲ²⣬ַΪ
ԼǴͨĿֲͨ⣬ַϣûʲôܣƾʲôһλǿͨ
ܶѾ²ˡ
ָЩ²⣿
Ԭ̽Եʵ
Щ²⡣
Щ޻̸֮طϡ
Щ²ġҵȷһߣ
䣡
ԬԺһ𣬳ߣַȻǳߡԧûô𾪡֪ˡ
ԬĿ⼤ζʲôÿһλߣ츳ԾѵĴڣʵ̫ϡˡ
ʵϣеǿǣֵԴҲˣȴ޼һΪ˳ߣպɾͼֱ
а˳ϸʣ߶Ϊ
иӿֲݣʥǵĽߣλڻеʥ𣬾λǳߡ
ֻλǻеı飬ߵĿֲˣǱԬңַ壬һȷľˡ
ַλߵ죬ֻԽԽ׳ôλȻҲˮǴߣպΪҲǲܡ
ЩʲôԸ
Ҫ뿪ˣΪߣмˣ˵ġҪصҵԴһˣ˽ӵʥǵСԴҲһͬŲƵʼ½
Ԭüͷ΢΢һļ˽ӵʥǣ׾٣ҪһԴҲŲƵʼ½̫ˡ
ԣƻһԴ棬׾١ͨԴ汾ԴһλˣһԴ档Ҫ뽫ټԴ棬磬ŲƵʼ½̫̫ˡ
ַüͷȷһȽ鷳¡ʵ֮ǰҲԴ涪浱УַѾǳӴˣһԴ棬Ӧû̫⡣
ǣԴ棬һǻͻģһַܿס棬ȴƲסĸǵԴ档
ˣַ뵽ټԬˣϣûеİ취ҵһ׵İ취ԴŲʼ½
λа취
ԧڤ˼롣ʵһԴѣôӣǳߣҲû˭Դ涼Ųĳط
೬ߣһѣԴ涼ٵĲˣ㻹𣬵ҲֻǴһЩ׽֮֮С
Դˣƾ𣬶ǸһЩеķšԵȵȣҲǶˡ
ַȴԴǱϾѵĵطܶĵطңַʥôʱ䣬Ҳ˽⵽˳ߵϸϢ
гߣǳԴ棬ҲǴͳĳѷʽǸиĻԵǸ߸ϵλʥҲˡ
û˵ļء
ַȴƫƫɹˣַķţԴҵģǰʧܡ
ַֻܰջķʽУĸȴ档ûָҲûǰ˵о飬ַһֱУĿѺܶࡣ
ַҪҵϸϢӾȷϣûصԴ档ˣԴܷβܡ


1029 
ʵҲûа취
ȻԬ̧ͷƺ뵽ʲô
ţкΰ취
ֻܹһԴ棬Ųƺܳľ롣ҪܸߺܸߣһƳ󶼲Уе󷨴ʦ󷨴ʦö
Ԭҡҡͷ
ڻͷܲʼ½ҲǰáƵ󷨴ʦģȴһûС
е󷨴ʦó󣬼ֱ˼ɱһλʲôˣÿһλ󷨴ʦλ߸ϣͬһλ
벻һ£ȥȥһ¡Ȼ󷨴ʦܹóŲԴȻҪȥݷһԬĿǰʥУǿ󷨴ʦλ
ǿ󷨴ʦھʥУӦ񣡡
ţ񣿡
ԣȻû޳ɴͨȴȫ֮ϣһܾͷޣʥǣһЩҲ˵ܹôĻޡ
ܾͷޣãλˣ׼һݺԵŰݷ񣡡
ַǰһܹó󣬲ܾͷޣⲢףǷǳѡжǿֻҪ
ͨҲ츳֮ͨ󣬷˼Ϊ޾ѪԵʣǿᵽ˿ֲĵزӲͨʲô
ǰޡޣˡʱ·磬ˡܡ¾һȺ޺ͻޡ
һɱ˻ޣƾתˡ˵ûд¾ô򵥣ռϷȴǺƽġ
ûǿͨԼ鱦Ļܻܿᱻ޸˺ѣһתޡ
û޳ɴͨǶ񡣵ȴܹóܾͷޡʵֱ׷Щ񣬿֮ڣǶһ㶥񶼻ҪֲϾǶҪɱͷһ޺ףҪܣǿɾϼˣܡ
ʱ䣬ȥͨʹͨĵز辶ȥо󣬵Чȴͬġ
󷨴ʦ֮ڣ
˵֮·кֻ֣ܶҪܹ͸ܴﵽ۷塣
ַҪȥݷ񣬻Ҳַ׼һݺ񣬱ַǰ˾ʥǡ
ַ岻ֹһǰʥǣһȴǾʥ֮ĸָܵĻԻ
ˣɽׯ
ַѾɽׯɽׯ֣֣ͿַþҲһǿӲҪ̽һļµĸо
Ȼʥǲ֣ܶǶҲҶ֡ǿ󣬱ɣҲͰʥҲʡ
ַļµĸоǿɽׯ¶ܱ֤ȫˡ
ֻһͨ󣿷̺ͨžɱ
񣡡
ַоɽׯķǱѰҲˡϵȻԽԽãδﵽַҪ
ַֻǵɽׯĴţȴӲֻվȴ
ܿ죬ɽׯŴ򿪣һܼʽ֣߳ȻһַüͷһǺˣ
ַ壬ݼ񣡡

ܼһȻҲĴַ£һӹַеİԼ׼һݺ
ǵ֮ĺ񣬼ǹܼҸߣ̫Ƕ񣬵ͳͼֵߴϰٿżƷԪĴֱʻǵһΡ
Ժȥͨ¡
ܼҲҵַ죬һܻ
κһǾ춯أοַ廹˼
ңͳôһġ񡱣ɲùܼҵ
ǣܼҼҴҵȥַͨ;վ⣬ڵĵλݣȴɻҪվ⣬ȴû˿Ĳͣ·ϡƽһ㣬ľͲһеġǸַļӣЩ߷߲ƽԼȴҲɵ塣

ȻɽׯžȻʧˣһŨѸٵĸַϡַ岻ɫƾŨǡ

Ҳ֪˶ãһ˲ֻǺܾãַĸ֪ˡ
ȵŨɢַһ
˿̵ﻹ⣿
ѾһСͤĶ棬һ΢Цŵİӣû˿Ϣ˵ϢѾȫƬڡ
񣡡
ַ˲˰ӵݣɽׯ֮ʥǷʦ


1030 ֻһŵ
΢΢һЦͤܶǲ᾵ĺôһСͤӣĴ紵ϣ˸е⡣
ñΣ
֮еʥҲضˡ
ַ˵ͷ̾̾ͬʱǳļɵղڴ⣬ת˲͵˵ʲô
˵̼ŲƵȻҲַûзԲܱŲƵĪķַҲ޷ȷľ
㵽ڣַҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ƺַɻ󣬰Ц˵ɽׯΧǧɷΧʵѾǷַΧˡɽׯţҲζ̤󷨵С
ַһлȻ򡣵еļɵ֮ȴˡϷ֮裬һ˴֮У¶񶼵ķһ
һжپܿɱ١
ǷĿֲ֪֮ľɱˣַ嶼޷֡ȻͨʵС
һЩǿͨ꣬гɹ
û츳ʱҲһû˿
裬ȷĪ⡣
΢΢һЦ񣬲ڳʼ½úһˣȴôһݴΪ£
ʵһҲܾܶΣ˵ͲҲûλŭϾĵλ붥ͬûԸһλ
ַһ£ǳ˵ĳ˴ǰȷһæ
£
һܹŲԴ󣡡
ţŲԴ󡣡
üͷ壬κ˶֪ŲһԴжôѣ˵óŲˣʦҲ˵׾
ŲԴ棿Ҫ֪ŲԴ󣬿ɲôײõģǱҲҪķѺܴС
ַȴһϲȻܹķ󣬶ַ˵ֱϲ⡣
Ҫ֪ԭַҲû׼ֱӻشĳԴ棬һλߣò׳ѣԴĳѣˣ뽫ԴһŲƶܳȫĳм㸶һЩۣҲϧ
ַ˵ĺܳϿңĵλʵһϡԭܼ򵥣ǱַǱޣڽֻһλնԺΪأ
ˣ񣬵λҲԸַһ档
ߣԭˡ
˼жһ˿â
ֻҪڻеߣûв֪ߵġڻߵУƺ
ʥǣټһʥǵУ߶ָ֮ʥǵĳߣҲûʮλ
ȡõĳɾͣȴĿ
г߳˶񣬶ҺպڻǰȫˡҲһЩܹƻ鱦ǳͨһǶĻ鱦׷
λߣõ˻Դʯ߹򣬴Ӷִ߹л磬Ϊ߸ϣĻʥ
ÿһλߣǱޡϾҪԴгѳʵ̫̫ѣĴɳ
ܹߣԡ츳Եһ⡣
ˣÿһλߣܲȡò׵ĳɾַ͡壬ֻҲûߵݣһ֮ն׳١
˵¼ѳΪеĴ棬ꡣ
дţǳߣЩš׿ڳϣ֪ѧ磬ǳߡ
ַʵԸ󣿡
ʵóܹŲԴѡҪסԴڲ𵴣ǾͺˡӦ˿ռɣǾܴռ䡣ҪһԴ洩ռ䣬ԴԣǼó̡ռ䣬ɣú²ܷɵʥǣ
Ȼôѣַüͷĸˡ
ҲǺް취һǡܽѡֻҪһɣǴԴ洩ռ䣬Ҳûκ⡣󣬱δǱ̱󣬲ᴫ
ӣַϿҵĹֵذæպкβǲĳضǰ
ţʲôԸ⣿
Ŀһ˿â
ֻҪΥĳԭԵԸ⡣
ַ룬Ҳ˵ͷ
ãֻҪһŵӦҲǲܲá
ʲôŵ
ܼ򵥣պɾ񣬵ӦһҪ󡣾ΥҪǡ
ɾһҪ󣿡
ַЩԥĴˡԷûκҪȴҪַΪæ
֤С£ڵַ壬ûСʸ񡱰æóΪʸæ
ЩΣգַҲţһɾʵ֪ǿ˶٣ӦһҪҲʲô
ΪԴ棬һҲֵá
ãĳӦǡ
ַȨƬ̣¶˾ģ˵ͷӦҪ


1031 巽
ãˬ죡
¶һ˿ЦݡȷǿַǱ֮նɱպɾʵöôֲ
һ£ֻһ˲УڵַҲСַǱȴܸߣҲĵš
ַɲ񣿿¾ַĵˣַˣҲַɲ
ৣ
һӣóСӣƯյУԵ쳣졣
ǱƵ巽죬ֻҪձķʩչ巽죬ѸٵĲһǿ󣬱˵Դˣǻ½Ҳ˲䱻ҴС⣬ЯŴռ䡣
ֻʩչһΣһԵ鱦һʩչ󣬿Էʱ䡣ʱ巽ͻԻ١Ҫһ鱦ò󣬼ǱҲúķѰ๦
ƺҲЩᣬҲֻף˵һףֻʣףҲøַһס
ַ¶һ˿ϲɫʱ϶㹻ˡ·ʲô±ˣҲ϶ò˰ʱ䡣
巽죬ȷһѵõֻϧֻʹһΡʹöΣǿ²֪ôֲ鱦
Ҫ֪ЩĻ鱦ܹͷųͨһ
л񣡡
ַǣת뿪ɽׯ
ַո뿪о͸ֳһ뷢԰׵Ӱɲ⡣
⣬ôַ壿
ƺϤ
һߣһ֮ն񣬻ûʸ񣬻˭ʸ񣿵Űɣǧ꣬꣬һܺܿΪһ첻Զˡ
뷢԰׵ҲãֽС

񣬲š
ַص˳ʼ½г巽졣ֱ̫£ܷһ½εȿ£
Ҫ֪巽ܹС⣬Ҳ˵һͻ½Ҳܱ׷ֶΣѾѷɫЩ߸ϵĶˡ
ôʹĴӦַ壬巽콻ַ壬ȻַܴɲֶΣַ忪ڣǾһС¡
ܿһ˿˿ķգַҲ̫⡣
ҪڣҲõȵΪ֮󣬶ַʵΪжǿַԼ֪
ң붥ʵûʲôʵ𣬾϶һġҪ˵𣬾ͨ
һСͨľǴͨ
һһͨеСͨһСͨΪͨ
ֻСͨȴдͨǱֻպܡƣܳΪͨ
ʱַ棬һֻܴѹǴͨĿ֮
ַĿɲǳΪͨҪĴһԾΪгһŴͨ
һʵԾǨǻ󣬵ʮ㣬ܹڳɾһɲǣֱͨӳΪ
ĶͬպգĶţվڻ֮ۡ
ǿַġǱˣŸ巽ıǿַǱҲãͼıҲաַԣĿǰֵ⣬͵øл
ˣ뿪ˣ
ַ巽죬֮б㼱ԴˣΪļң
ಣ
ַû֪ͨκˣðŵѾˣֱƿ˿ռͨӰһֱ̤˿ռ֮ͨС

ƿˣƿˣ
ڱĻ磬һŻ֮ͬٲ㣬ϵĳˢһԴ档ڣŻԴһ󶴡
Դ֮⣬һһۣ滹һԵ̻־Ӧǻлˡ
У϶¶һ˿Цݡ
ãԭΪһȥļ½Ļ˸ȵǣԴչһաû뵽˻籩΢ƫһ·ߣ⴦ƫƧ֮أһԴ档
ȷãԴȻԶԶ½ҲҪʲôԴ档Դ棬ͦ󣬶ҲٵԴǰ£ƿԴ棬Ҳһ򡣵ֻҪõԴıԴʲôֵˡ
Դľ汾ԴǿǶ֮͵ϱһԴ淨һЩֻ֮ͨҪһ㣬˵򣬴Ӷһ죬Ϊ벽пֱӳΪ񣡡
汾Դ⣬ʵԴеҲֵĴЩԴǻû뿪Դ档У츳϶ץȡū΢һ£ܳΪΪ۷ļǮɲ͡
һЩ߱츳ĶҲֵ֮˹Դջ޴󡣡
ڵĻˣһϲЦտ˴ջ񣬾ص̻ᣬ᳤Ҳһʹ͡ϾԴɲôġ


1032 һȺϣ
䣡
֮ڣ˶Īһ޴Ķߡ
ϰλۣĿһĻĿ汻һ󶴣ȴΪ
ˣ
ʱ־ۣ֮񱩵Ļţƺ־ҲоεΣǱѰ
ˣЩˣ
ô죿ϴκòײַ𣬻ͷ˻ȴڣô죿
ֻг棬ܶԸǡ
Щһɥжۣÿһλƴ棬ĳɳһʷʫ档
ڻϰλϵۣȴֻĿ汻һȴΪ
ǿԶԶͨġʱϰλޱȵĻλǿԵ
λʷǿ𣬳𣡾ܣʱЩ۵ͷһλ𣬸߸ϣЩۺܲڡ
浱ַ뿪ͷûɸ߸ϣʱȴңûж೤ʱ䡣
Դ˿̵һĻǸڵʱ
٣ô
¡
ȻһҾ޴ĻֱۣӴӴз˽֮Ҳ˼£ݺһֲ¡

ֲֿκһλۣ¶⡣Ͼ֮־Ȼ־ֻܵƬԴһɵҲԶԶģ˵һɵˣǰٷ֮һǧ֮һԺɱκۡ
ɿֲڻʱϳһصķģ·̺İءټĻۣȻûжһ¡
־
ڴһֲⲢԺ˶˼
ֲһֻ֣ôӻֱӳе֮һץ
䣡
֮۾ҵ𵴣ȴֻȴͭǽһ㣬ץסۣ֮ʹһա֮۱˲󱬣Ϊޡ
ƺڤڤ־Ҳܵ𵴣Ҳ޷۳֮ۡ
ʲô־סһ
ֲʵֲ̫ˣƺȵʱͷﻹҪֲ
¾ڣҲֵסɡ
Ҿ޴Ļֻۣһֻƣۣ֮ɢһļ¡
˵ǰһڣȵͷﻹҪֲöࡣ
ˣ
ģ۴Ż򿪣ֱӷɳӰ
Ӱ۸ޱȵľȻƺһ̺Ŀֲȴ۶ľ
ǻ֮еΰ
ǶţǻˣڻΰԴ棬ӽ𣬾Դ̻УǣͳͳԴ̻ūκˣκαͳͳչԴ̻С
ӰΪ׵һλˣĮ˵
Դ½ԴԴ棬̬Ȼ֮
½УôҲһЩͻ½ڣǶҲʲô
߻磬վΪ˽ףΪӶᡣӶһ½Ǻܿʧܣʧء
ԴԾҪöˣһͷͨܺɨԴڵԴ־ڣҲκβһ
Сԭڻ½Щ˻չֵô㡱Լ޷֮Դ棬ǿɾͲˡ
ǴˣڻĴ˼ʵѰһԵ
ԵԴ棡
ǴְԴΪԵҴԴ⣬οЩĻ
ˣԴԴ棬һ֣̾ͻṥƣռΪСԴ̻Ļ˾뷨Դ汾ԴͳͳռΪУڵ飬ȫΪū
ʲôǵū
һǧ꣬޶ΪۣܳΪū
䣬ҲΪū
ҺȺԴ档
ԣ֡
ʱϰλ۸ŭڣߡʲôЦۣư棬鵱ĴڣԸΪū
¶ԷǻҲУ
ǣЩǷ׷֣ҪǿһЩﶼԴ档
Щһߣֻ¶һ˿Įı飬ƺ˿Ϊ
һȺϣ
һλ˳ˣɽֻһֻƣȴ˲գһɺƥӻһӴ˽
䣡
·ݣ𶯣һ˲䣬Щ;޴ǣͬĭһ㣬һƣƮƮĨȥһ˿ۼû¡
浱У˲Ϊ֮һա


1033 ߣ
ԭǿ飬ۣڣǿնΪ֮һգֻʣȶʮλۡҪ֪ղſϰλ۰
һ֮£ɱʮλֶۣΣѾǵ
̫ǿˣֱǿ˾
Ƕ֣ȫǶ֣һεģڽӡ
ڵĻһ˿֮ڣˡ
ʣµĶʮλۣҲû˵ֵ˼ΪԷֶѾԶԶĳǵʹʩչֶΣԷƤҲƲˣ⻹ʲôֿ壿
ûˣˣˣۣҪΪԷū
ʮλūôҷʹǻ˭ǵĻôҲһγ֡
Ϊ׵Ļˣƽȴ͸¶Ųɵ
ˣͳͳ׳ǵıУ֪һУǡӦ֪ƭǶûκ壬Ƕǣ֣֮
ʣµĶʮλɫѿ֪Ǳѡ
һѡ
ǼȻǴӻжӦ֪߰ɣԴ棬һλʷǿһͷ֣Ҳˣ˻磬гһգصԴ棬Դ棬Ҳֲ˺ðɡ
Ȼһλ۳˵Ҳʲôܣʷǿַ壬Ѿѣ˻֮С
Щַۣ֪жǿ֪ߡ塣ǽֻƾԼƲ⣬һ˻磬ܳΪ٣Ӧò
±ЩҪһЩҲǻﰡһ˿ת
ţǵԴеߣ
Դڵۣڳûʲôֱ۵ĸҲ֪ʲôЩˣ߻磬ʥǣȴ֪ߡִʲô
ݹУֻҪǳߣûһĬĬţɾͺܲġÿһλߣ֮ӣվ˻֮ۡ
ҲܳΪǿǶ硣
һλߣǱСԺվǿˡЩ˵һλߣЩ˶ʱɫ䡣
ЩһĻɫ΢΢һ䣬һϲתǶ꣬Թɫ£¶ԷһĶ֪
ǵȷǳˣѾ˻磬ѾΪһǿĻ
ǲַ֪ڻеΡϾַʱ仹Ƚ϶̣ô̵ʱܹеʲôزҲ
ߣǵĳߣѾ˶೤ʱ䣿
һ˰ɡ
һꣿ
ԴʱԴһܻ꣬һǧ궼ǧʱ䣬޳ɶǿҲǸߵȻ۷ɡǱ⵹Ǹ鷳
ǵȷЩѰ졣Ȼηһλߣ˵ηһŸոڻǧĳߡ
ǱԺܳΪ񡣵Ǹʱǿɾ鷳ˡʹǽջʬ𼣣Դ泹״ݻ٣Ҳûá
ʱ䷨򣬿ʱݣûʲôܹסһλǱ˭ҲӲܹһֱڻʥǵС
ǵݵλһֱڻʥǣͲôļƷԪ
λеĻǵðˣһɱһ˰ˣڻУɾ鷳ˡ
˶
ѡɣвʡǶ飬ֻҪ鲻ǾǲĴڡ
ߣͱܣοߣŸոڻвǧʱˡ汻ˣǲЦЦ󷽡
ǲܲˣǶԷɳΪгһѰȥ˵Ǿͻᱻ̻ƽϢһλŭ
´Ѷɣɱ¾
ԣֻɱϡ
ãȻҶͬ⴫Ѷ£Ǿ;µľ
Щ˱Դ̻ᣬҲǻʥеһ̻ᣬ㲻С̻ᡣ̻
̶֧ӣ̶ֻ̻еһ֧ˡ
ǣ̽ϢѶ񣬾ĵȴԴ̻ľһ˾ǲŻж
ڴ֮ǰ򾲾վǿ֮УЩۣԴˣҲڵȴľ
𣬶Щһ䡣


1034 壡
εɫ򣬻תš
ſ۵εɫԴȴǴԭΪַĸǡ
ļ˶ĸǵС
ۣ
һӣǳϣȻִĸǣֱַϵᣬҲΨһĶʢ
ʢѾΪ˴ۣڶ̶һʱ䣬ɾʹۣҲܲˡȻʢѹҲܴΪĸףΨһһλߣѹ֪
ˣ
ʢִƴȨ꣬Ѿ׵ġ족ˣٴ£Ҳܹ򶨡ڣıЩǣ޷ٱ򶨡
ۣ⣬Ļǿһ֮£ɱʮλۡĿǰѾ˵ֿЩ֪ʲôԭ򣬲ûнͣڵȴʲô
ʢüͷĸˣزϵ߶š
ּѾʢʱ䣬ȻԶԶƲϾַҲûҪּҳΪ
˭ҲСּңϾַλΨһĳߣּҶֶΣ˭Ҳ
ּһֱܻԻͣһֱʢ
ֱΣűֵвȻּûۣ֮ѣʢּҵʢϢϢصġ
Щ֪˸ǳߣ
Ѿ֪ˣΨһ̣ˡҲ֪ǳߣ뿪棬ȥ˻Щͣ
ףڣöð
ʢ̾һȻǴۣܺãʱ䣬̫̫ˣǸ׵ģˡ
ַĻԻ¼ʢһСͽַ嵱Ŀ꣬ż׷ϵԴȪֻϧһֱڣʢû׷ַĽŲ
ֻеڣʢ֪ǸףǶôΰ
ڣǾͲôˡ
Ǵ˿˵Ĺʶ
ܿ죬ʢ˾ϡ
ǿŸ׵ͷסЩתƣ̽үү̣ĸףּ֮ҪԱȫתơЩľ棬Ǿ;ŹּҡϾ׻棬ǻҪһЩ룬б޻
ţۣأ
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ûʲôǵģȥŰɣǵʱ䲻ˡ
ʢ˻֣»лҪ˵ֹʢȴûиԷᡣʵʢԼЩѰˣô׶༪١
ȴ
ףҲֻôˣҲ
Ŵǿգʢ˸һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ·¶˾ġ

ǿյУʣµٴУȴûκεĶҲˣЩƺڵȴʲôһֱûκζ
Ȼһɫ˱仯
Ϣˣ
Լæʵλظ
Ǽ¶һ˿Цݵ̻죡
Ҿ֪ǧһλߣ
ԣжǿߣλǱٴպлΪ񣬵Σκβ¡
ΪôףǳߣҲʱ⣬м仹ܳ⣬ֻǰ˵ߣѾ˻Ҳһ
Զԣٺ٣߰ǰڻУĳߣǶû뵽վȻһߵԴ档ˣûʲô壬
һЩۿҲ¶˾֮ɫ
⻹ģǿۣ½һ
һʮȻϢ΢֮ǰλǿɶǻԶԶԽЩۡ
ʮһλܺɨԴ棬˵ʮλˡĵһ˿˿ϣһ˿˿ڴˣ˿Ҳˡ
Уϼ壬ҲΨһһ壡
ûٵֿ˸߰ͷ­һ־ɱʮ۵Ŀֲڣǵеֿûκ塣
ϼ壿ȥ˵λ߻һЩöϾǳߣͬ졣
λҲǰһڻҲλߣ۰һռһЩСͻ½档
һλߣҲǳĺ档ϾÿһλߣܲڼȻҵ˳ߵԴ棬Ȼȥúÿ
ǶȥչԴеԴκεֿģɱ⣡ȥλߵļ塣
֮
ǣϵĶʮˣѸٵķɢ˷ȥλ۴·ϼȥ


1035 ĸǻ
ˣ
ڵǿյУſռ䷨ըѣһӰӿռз˳ǰǼλպۣΪ׵ȴλİӰλ۾ͬūһ̬ȹ
嵱ʢĿǰǴۣػϣ
һλǿεɫЩӡ
ػǣͬʱҲ𵱳˼壬Ψһһ壬еĵλǳѡ
ۣҲǳĹԲȥ塣ϾΨһһλߣʲô֣˭֪
ڣŲԶǿεɫλȴĪĸ顣
ŶҲûʲô
Ͼֻǳߣոճѣ¶ûгΪʲôĺ֣
ԣֲǻ½ֻһԴˡ
λΪ⡣
ಣ
ʱεɫУɳ˼ӰΪߣȻĿǰļʢ
ʢλۣٿϢȻͬİˣ涼롣һݣҲ²³˵ݡԴĻһ죬վˣ
ڤۡ
ղǳڤۣң뵱ַ廹ʱǸʱڤҲʢ
ôȥʢѾΪ˴ۣгһգܹΪ
ֻǣҲãҲգЩʲôã
ʢλΰĻҪѰ壬ˡ
ڤԵúۣܲҲȸ·޷ϴˢĳ衣֮ǰҲսˣֻ̫󣬼Ҳûκ塣
޷ڤҲˣ²ۣ֪ϼ˱ȱȽǡ
ʢʵһ׼Ȼһ컹ˡ
ţϼһˣʣǼѹ޿֣Ѿǲɢˣʲô
Ȼһ˵ػʲôסλ
ʢɫ΢΢һ䣬漴̧ͷƽĿһӱ۷·𶼲ֱӡ
ȻΪϼĵҵڣѪϼҲ壬£ҲӦ֪Ҫʲô֮أûУҲûУ
ʢɢǿϢڵѪ֮ҲӿȣѪĺᡣۣ˿Ҳ޹⣬ֱʢĿ⡣
ַΪԴô࣬ȴܱ壬סѪѪΣա
ûλ̩ȻʢĿ⣬壬ѪҲӦеĵ
ٺ٣һȡ壬һ塣ֻϧԴ棬һ鳬ߣҲҺų𣿱˵ûлΣּɱûг֮أ˵㣬ѣ
ʱλ͵ķɽػУѪֶΣʳ֮ءйϵߣвӣ
ʱػǽһֲҾ徵¾ϼػǾӪôʱ䣬棬֪жϵػǶйϵ
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ʢһӴսʩչҪֹ¾
ϰˣ㻹Ǻúôš
һָһʱʢս嶴˵ս嶼㱻ɢ⻹ǶԷɱʢĻ˲ɱʢ
ףܰ
ʱʢԺиֳ˸ַӰλСΪһƬյˡַʢߵӺ٣˿Ӱʢż
ػַɳĵطĸǡַ彫ػǽʢҲǶʢΡڣʢȴΪֻĿػǻһƬɱ¾
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˶ҡҡͷûҵʲô֮أûʲôʵϼ壬ĺĳԱ뿪ˣʣµĶһЩ޹ؽҪϵѪ
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ʲôȻûҵοΪһЩɶڵ
ʢ۾ѪɫЪ˹غ
ūˣżֻϣǺθɣȻԸ˵ϼĳԱٵ֮أǿԷŹϵ
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ʢҡҡͷʹ֮ɫ
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1036 һˣ
ңԶǿյУһҾ޴ۣϵĴſռ䣬ִһ͵ž򣬷ǳأҪֶܡ
ۿڣϼĵĳԱž޴Ļϣֻ޴֣˲һ

ĸǻˣʢ
ʢ
ָĸȵȣͳͳϼĵĳԱҲַ׽Ҫˣʢˡ
ûа취ϵ𣿡
ָҧס촽ϼΨһϣַ塣ֻϧַĴѶʽΪԴԼػ޷ϵַ塣
ֻĿĸǱ򱬣ǿǵĸȴΪĳ
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Ϊʢĸףһֱû˵ʵʢľʱѾˣҲ˵
壬ȻҪվѡվʢ
磬ǵĺӾͿҪˣǵĸǣѾݻˣ磬ںҪ㡭
ţסûˮڵնǳءҲе塣
ĸǱݻ٣ʢҲ׶༪٣Ӵˣ漴ЩʱǹȻܶһʱܶ೤ʱ䣿
˭ûеףꡢǧ꣬ͻᱻЩҵȴΪֻĬĬĻع顣
ֻǣѾʱ䣬ʱع飿ַڻлûлŶǸ⡣
һУƺ˺ڰ֮УĿǰϼԱ壬ֻصϣӲдѵĻš

ˣ
֮УһȦȦĿռɢһӰӿռһ̤ȻЩǱģ
ռѹȻ֮󡣡
ǱӰȻַ塣Ǵӳʼ½ֱӴռ䣬һ̤ռ󣬾͸оЩԾˣʵǿռͨڣѹ̫ˣǶһʥ壬֧Ųס
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ʵַ岻֪ռжôֲ˵ЩǶڿռ򼫸ߣҲһӴ硣
жô嫣˵ˣʥҲһ֪ô޴Ļ磬Ҫ봩ռ䣬ǾͱضҪռ򣬶һÿסռͨѹ
ѹɲͨġһĻû챦Ļһ̤ռͨڣͻᱻѹ촷ۣռжôĿ¡
ǶͨǿޱȣҲֻܴϳһξˡܹӻռ룬Եִκһģֻλ߸ϵĻʥ
ʥǽڻ֮У粻ƣʥ𡣶ʥ߹ͳ˧һл򣬿ӻĿռ롣
ʥҲͽ˰ˡ
ַոռöôǵһδռ䣬ղþ룬ģΪǱ
ַʥȷǿ¾ͲģǱôˡ
ҪصԴ棬ôܶΣ͵˽ռȡĸ̡
ַҡҡͷиУҪصԴ档ռҲպ룬һãˡ
ǣַһδεĴռ䣬ι󣬾ͽס˾롣಻٣պַܹܵļޣκѹ
㴩΢һЩȲһЩ񣬵ٶ̵Ŀռ䴩Ҳǿռ䴩ԶȳҪöˡ
һΡΡΡ
ַԼǲ崩˶ٴΡڣַδһƬ磬ȻƬ翴طûʲô𣬵ַȴϤĸо
ӦⲻԴ渽𣿡
ַкܼˣԴĸ뿪Դ󣬾һɱ˻
Ȼڸ˹䣬ƺƬ
ַ嵱뿪ԴʱѾԴڵ򡣵⴦򱾾ƫƧַ嵱ʱҲûоλꡣ
ڻʥУ෽ռϣȷһȻ׼ѰֻҪȷܹҵ
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ˣˣܻܿصԴˡʢǶôˣ
ַԺиֳһĻ棬ǶʢŮԼһֱַĭ΢ĩ֮ʱһ
ڻҲǧʱˣԴʱ١ԴѾʱȥˡ
ʱ䣬Դڷʲôı仯ַҲˣеصԴ棬žۡ
ۺʱεأڻʥУַж⣬ҪλãԶļˣ
ৣ
ַ徫һչʼѰԴ档ڵľӴѾԽһĶˡ
ռҲֻʱ⡣
ˣڵַǴֻŶ̤񾳽磬ֻȻصԴ棬˴ػʥǣ׵󣬾ȫȫ򣬳Ϊ
ף
ַ˼죬Ȼһɨ˷֡
Դ棬ҵˣҵˣ
ַмԴ棬ɳԴ棬ʵ̫Ϥˣڣҵˡ
һˣ
ַƲס漴Ӱ͵һ磬˲˿ռ֮ͨУңԶľ룬ٵԴ֮⡣


1037 ׺ɣ
ţ
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һϣƺϣƺͬĭһ㣬һƣַ弸ûܵκ谭ѾٵԴ֮ڡ
ôɾͽ뵽Դ棿
ַЩ棬̧ͷǿȥǰĸܵ־ڣ־ȴ־ûг֡
ǳ˯ˣǳʲôˣ
ַ屾ԴûܵųҲκδԴ֮ĻУͼԴᱻԴ־ų⡣
񵱳Ǵȵȣᱻ־ų⣬֮ۺڣַûиܵκ־˵֮ˡ
ַʱûзʲô⡣Ͼ뿪Դʱ̫ˣнǧ꣬ԴѾʱˡ
ʱ䣬Щۡԣֻǵָһ˲ַ˵ȴ̫̫ˡ
Դ֮ڣַ廹ϤԴڵĿռ䣬ֽͬһ㣬ַһ֣ܻƿռ䣬ʵ̫̫ˡ
ǰַ߲ʵԴ棬ڿһȭܴը
棬ַԣ͸Ӳʲôˣǿдռ䣬ҲֵܵԴκһ
ַոսԴ棬ƺһƬޣҲûʲôַһȲҪˡ
ܲĸǣ
ַ룬뿪ǰˣİΪַӣӣִȨӦˡ
ǣַȥܲһ
ಣ
ֱַӻһռ䣬Ӱһ˿ռ֮ͨС

ৣ
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ַӿռͨһܵǿգЩİЩϤյһƬʲôûС
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ַüͷȷûмǴܲΪ֪жôķ
ڣȻһƬŵǿաѵܲǨˣ
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ַҡҡͷһ׺ɣ뿪Դһ꣬ƺ࣬ܲˡ
Ǩܰᵽȥ
ڻһֿܣַͲȥ롣Ϊøܣֿ΢΢Ǿ˶Ĩȥˡ
Եʱ˵˭ܽĨȥǺܶ۳ҲܽĨȥοҲ
ܿյƺûʲô򣬸ûʲôߡַľʼɢƺƵ˷ɢȥѰߣһЩ
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ַ徫Ӱ֮һǿգӰƺߡ
ַɴֱӻΪһ⣬Ӱȥ
ܿ죬ַѾߣһӣһᣬŽֻͨ
ƺҲǺǿҲһ߰ˣƺʦͽϵ
ৣ
ַ廯Ϊһ⣬ٶ֮죬˲Ϣ͵ǵǰ䱸ӸǴǳǺˣô
Сţסڣݼǰ
Ӵǳ⣬漴̬ȱϹϾݼǰ֪ǰλۣ
ַ忴˽ۣҲô⣬ʵڱչǧ꣬ŸոճأЩҪѯǡ
ǰʣ֪޲𣡡
Եúܹκβĵƺɻλʦ𣬺ôҲߣƽʱô
СţλǰһһλۣΪʦʵĪҪλǿߡ
Ӵӡ
ַ忴һȴҲû⡣漴ֱʵұչ֮ǰǵƬܲǿڳأôȴܲǲܲǨˣ
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ɫһ䣬ƺڼɵʲôĪ
ţ˺£
ַ忴ӵ仯ͻȻԼһ˿ԤС
٣ˣټһˣܰǨȥ˸ûаǨһֱ
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㵱ȻΪѾ泾ܿ
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ַһϲɢһɿµƣܵĿռ˲顣ֲʦͽһҶһ㣬ڴвϵҡҷ
סڣСţ
Ӽæǳ⣬ַĿȴޱȵľԲǴ۵۵ǿûеһ˿Ϣռĵز
һһλڴ֮ϵ޵


1038 ɱ⣡
ܣ
ַ嵱ȵһ꣬򣬸λǰµĲã˭ܴݻˣ˵ܲɻҽˡ˵ô£
ַϵϢֻɢһ㣬ȴͬǳһ㣬Яѹ˺٣ҪϢˣʲô˵
ϢŭϢŭСţϽ
ӼæţѾˣǰλء뵱йϵСŲ˵ĻԻͣȴߣҪ˵ߡʵ̫̫ˡ
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ǰλصġıչǧ꣬ųصĻȷп֪ܲ˷ıʡ
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ǰϢŭȻСųײǰС˵û˵ȷǱˣֱܲĨȥΪ泾ǰչǧĻȷп֪ܲڵıʡ
ʵҲû̫ʱ䣬Ҳʮǰ֮Ļ磬ͻȻһ°ԵʵǿᣬԴӽԴ֮󣬾ʹɱ¾ϰλֵֿһʮλ۾ͻΪ촷ۣ䡣
Щ壬Ҳϼ塣ҪѰҵĳ֮أֻϧļ֮ӣʢۣѾת˼ˣԼȴûҵ֮أǨŭڵػǣػǴݻ٣˵֮ʢҲץߡ
һλܲܲĨȥΪ泾ҲȻ߽⣬ɢ棬˶ЩūΣ
ӵĽַͣɫˣû뵽ʮǰͷ¡޲صԴ棬Ͳֱᷢˡ
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С˵¿еʵȺֱе鵱ˣǶΪūΪչԴ֪˶ɱ¾һЩ˵ۣǸϽɣҪЩˣ򡭡
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䣡
䣬ʦͽ˾͸оһը͵ĻͷһΧռ䣬׷׷飬γһ޴ĺڶ
ڵĺڶֱļޱȣ·һ̣Ҫŭַ˺ƬھٳٶۣҲ֪ǰǿߣһˣкĹϵ
пܾĳԱ
ܣܣʢ
ַɱ죬ΧռѾŤǿռ䣬淨Ҳķַ⺬ŭУ׷顣
һ˵汾Դַʵֻɢƣܴݻ档
ַķ񡢷ߺޣɱ졣ͲӡӡŮϼ壬Ϊ˻ҽɱ
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ӶоϢˣߣȴһ˿Ϣܲס£ս嶼ʩչ·һκ춯ͻᱻֲƸ˺Ƭ
ȥػǣ˵аԣɱ⣡
˵ɣַʦͽķӦֱӾץסʦͽ˲˿ռͨػǵķȥ


1039 
ৣ
һӰӿռ˳ڰǿգ˭Ҳ벻ģΪĵش
Ϊ壬ĸǣ
ֻϧһжѾʧˡ
ַ徲վǿյУ󣬻ԼСţжЩࡣַģȷţԷһ˵ұչ˺ܳʱ䣬֪仯
кĹϵһأȴֲ׺ɣ嶼ʧˣػҲʧˣҲڣ˭ܲˡ
ˣûп˵ȴܽţַһŭ֮£Ǩŭǡһ޵еǿû˿ֵ֮
ַ徲վǿյУƬǿյУоһ˿ϤϢĸǣĸǵϢַԶҲĸǵϢǴĸǵУһһɳĵز
ĸȴѾΪ˳
ʢ
ַţƽ˶ƽֱԽƽԽսս·Ҫһ㡣
ʱݣ
ַѾȷƬУȷĸǵϢĸǺпıˣҪˣĸǵ˵˭
ҪǣҪĶʢ׻ûлš
ˣ
ַ忪ʼʱݣǰһĻ棬ͷ·ʱӵתһ㣬Ļ濪ʼѸٵġطš
СţһĻĿ֮ɫ
⡭ǣ
ʱݣܣֻʱ䷨ܹʱݣУʱ䷨򣿡
֮װʱ䷨֮ףءķ򣬴ӹûܹʱ䷨򡭡
һλʱ䷨򡭡
ǺȻ֮ɫŬԺеһ仭棬Ժиֳһ󵨵ͷ
ʱ䷨֮ףȫû򡣻ûУȴ֪һλ޵ǿȴƺţǸȥ롣

ԴΨһһλߣַ壬ʱ䷨Ȼô꣬ѾûַκϢûгֹдųƣַѾȥ˻֮С
Ļַ֣ôûг֣
ϸַӰ񣬵ʱѾ̫ԶˣʱҲû̫⡣
ڻȻѣĻ
ģеǵӰȻǰӰصһ
䣡
ԺһƬհףò
ȷǰӰͲʲôе𣬵壬ԴΨһһλߣַ

ַʩչʱݣʼʱ⣬һĻ֡ģ濪ʼ񣬳˻Ҳʢ
ַĶŻ棬ۿʢֱ룬ΡҲۿĸǱֱӴ򱬡

ַһ۾Ϳĸǵһλν鲻Դ棬ѹԴû˿ķ֮
˵ˣ۷׺ɨԴ档
ʧˣַ徲վǿյСĸǵȷǻˣڻУַȴʢûƺץˡ
ǲеˡ
ʢץҲʮʱ䣬ʮʱʲôĿܶᷢʢûȥַҲû˿İա
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ڣַʩչʱݣȴһ谭ûˣͺܲˡַҲԭ
汾ԴѾʧˡ
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ԭԴıԴѾȺ˸ˡ
Ժַܹҵ취Դ¡ע롱ԴĻͻ᳹׵ġΪһŵ棬Ҳ޷κ顣
ݼ𣡡
Ȼַӣ͵ַһޱȵļ
ţ֪ң
ַƽ˵
ַ׿ڳϣӸǼ֪Ȼ֪һͷ涼Աȫҵȶģѣ֣ɨƽЩһƬ
ӺܼǿʷǿΨһһλߣ
Ҳػƽһ˿ϣ


1040 ĳУĲֵһ᣿
ǰһˣ
ַĿǿƽȴ̺ɱ⡣
ȥȺ˵ľݵ㣡
ǣ𣡡
кܼعˣҲͷʧܣɣϾҲŸոճûж೤ʱ䡣
ܹһ˿ϣַ壬Ψһϣ

һڱηʢɫƽɫ԰ףţս嶼޷ԻѪҲһλۣȴһ˿֮ûС
ʮˣʮˣʢ㻹ǲ˵ʲôط
һ߽η
ʢ̧ͷһ۶Էȴ˵ԷһλۣҲкպưһʱǿߡ
أ
ȴΪȺ߹ΪŰһֱĥʢʢĿ֪˵䡣
ȺʵҲǺˣҪ汾ԴѾ֣滹ʲôı
ڳ֮أʵҲ˽⵽ˣûʲô֮ءÿһλߣǻԵɺϣֻԵһܳѣôг֮أ
֮Իһֱʢûнʢնɱڼ׷ɱˣʵȺоߵѪ
ѪоһЩڳߵص㡣
µȴ룬Ѿ֪ЩǶôֲĴڣЩ뵽֮УӶɱΪĻ
ˣǱЩҪʢ֪˵䡣
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ৣ
ʢ͵̧ͷĶλۡ
ڤۣΪʲôΪʲô㻹Ҫ׷ɱˣЩǺ⣬ΪʲôôѵͲĳһ츸׻ع飿
ʢҲ޷ƽˡ
ϵǱϵϼˣȷ͵˱ϵֶأȺȡʮʱ䡣
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ʢѵףع飬ҲЩĶ֪֡Щʲô顣ڻж۰һĿֲڡǸ֮ã̻бӿµ񣡡
ǰǾ֮ܣһֱ֮ڣͲ֪жôĹ֪жôǿˣʵҲһͨĻˡΪµ֮ãһܹ顣Ϊ֮ϵأһҲܳΪ񡣡
ʢѾûϣˣ汾ԴˣսһĲһЩۣҲôʱ䣬˭ԣǲҲ磬ΪǸӹأ
ʢƵĿźڤۡ
ƺڤ۲ֹһкܶܶࡣ˭ԸȥԣѾ̫̫õۣҲ
Ѿʧȥ˱ԴһĲЩۣȻᣬǵѡͶЩϣгһգЩܿһЩ͵£ǴȥӹĻ֮С
һģһʱЩˣսʹĴۣ
ʢԸٿˣЩķˣҲΪ
ڵʢֻһǸ׻ع飬ʢҲټַ塣
ߣܵ𣬵ʲôʵȵպǽ˻磬ΪǿĻҲͲֵһˣ
ڤЦһͲ⡣
Σ
ԻǻҲһ
Ѫ챻һˣ
ôڤۣĳУĲֵһ᣿
ȻڱУһϤȻƽǱصɱȴͬ꺮һ㣬һ䣬׹ѡ
𣡡
ڤ۾ֵǰһȦȦĿռԼһӰ˿ռͨ


1041 ʱͬˣձ
ಣ
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ʢǼ˵ôۣȴᶼ૵ףˣ
ʢΪˣ
ַһʢߡĶӣʢҲպյĴۣеǿߣֱַϵѪ
ַڶϣʵעѪ̫࣬涼ûмΡʢַġݡһֱַΪĿꡣ
ֻǣʢô׷ϣԶԶϲַ塣
ףڻˣܣûܱסĸǡ
ʢôۣ˿ȴ޳һС㣬ˮĺΣĸǻˣַ彻Σȴûܱסĸǣܲ
Ѿˣס峤ַĶӣ
ַĿȴ͡ãʢţѾǲеˡʢıַ֣Ѿͨʱ֪ˣ⣬Ҳʢܹý
ʢûԸȡ壬ûжûжַ
꣡
ʢϵһӦϡʢҲ˲ַָĻع飬ʢϣĹǣˣ¶ϣ
ʢЩ۱ˣ棿㶼һһָ
ַ嵭˵Աߵĺڤȴһҧַ壬Ȼ𣬵Ҳƾһͷˡ֪ЩʵǵʵԶԶģг۵ʱѾһȥˡʱѾı䣬ַ壬㻹Ƿļӣ汾λĴ㡣
ţ˭ô˵Ǽ챦
ַƽĿ⻹Щǿ߶ߵ̬ȣͷ·ڿһֻһ
ڤۺܲϲĿ⣬ЩĿ⣬ַʱĿҲڣַ忴Ŀ⻹ڤͽȻһ
ַ壬㻹򶨣ڵʱѾʱˣ㿴ʲôۣۣһʮλۣɴ㣬ǻ֪ͨλˣһǵˡ壬ͳͳˣ
ڤЦͬʱ飬ƬǿһӳַǰƬһͷַ̤ʵϾ̤뵽˷ģ뵽˷֮С
ڤվյУܣȻʮλۣ
ַ𣡡
ˣĻˣôƫƫڻ
𣬲ܹǣۣЩǱѡ񣬷Ķɱˣֻǲѡ
ʱѾͬˣȡЩԲõģһǻ챦һʮλֳֻ챦󣬾ǻҲɡͶɣЩǣƺԳߺܸȤֻҪͶӦܱס
ЩǣһĶɫӵĿַ塣
ַε緢һʱʱǿΨһһλߡ
ڣѾ׺ɣʱˡܹһʱԻһ
οʮλͶ˻Ҳر˷ʵڵȴǰӪʢ
ʢһն
ףҺ˸ס
ʢǰһĻȻҲˡն˭ᱻڷ֮У뵽
ôֳۣЩĻ챦ַλ𣬿ҲԶԿʢпʼ˵ǣļУַͲϵĴ漣ƺܣңݺ޵С
ʱˣڸӺ嫵ĻУַʲô
οЩۻ֪ͨЩЩʢᣬǲ޵У˾
ʮλۣΧֱȫɱȻȫͱһأһء
ַȴȻɺƽֻǼ¶һ˿ЦݣǰʱͬˣǼǵۣԼ©ٳķ󣬺һЩͭųƻ챦ɱң֪޴
ַ帺ֶƺ˿ûнڤ۵˷С
ڤɫ࣬һȵͷѿ֮ӻҲɣԪɱɱ
źڤһȣʱʮλۣ͵Ĵ߶˷ɱγ˿ֲơ
һĹâҫƾˣһЩ챦뷨ϣɱУƾˣһʱ䵹Ҳ˿ֲƣһĻ治Ƕ֡
ս
ʢҲԻ˾޴ս壬ɢſֲϢȻ˱ľġ
ַȴҡҡͷֻһֻơ
䣡
ͬƣ˲ɻһƬһȭͷСĳ棬Ϊһ⣬˲ӭʮλ۵Ļ챦ݺײȥ


1042 ǻûг

ɫĻ棬ʮâȫǻ챦ȴһӻΪĻ棬ͬһƬһ㣬Щ챦С
꣡
һĻ챦ճ˻ҽһƣâתۼѾͳͳȥ
ôܣ
ǻĴǴǵĻ챦ޱȣôᱻһŻճɻҽ
ܣܡзʮɵķôһŻ涼ֵס
ſֲĻ˲ס˷󣬲Щ챦Ҳճ˻ҽ۶Ŀɿڴ·𲻸š
ʱͬǿͶЩЩͳƬ棬Ż˻챦Ĵ衣
ǺЩ챦һ챦ֱʮٱʵʮ챦ϣٽԪɱ󣬾˵նɱĻ
ЩµɱﵣȻҪʢΪնȻбնֶΡôֶΣȴסַʩչһŻ档
һŻ棬ŻȴȼգΪһƬ𺣡ֲĻţʮλ۵Ļ챦ճ˻ҽ
Ƕ׷ʩչս壬ֲսبǿյУַСþͬһҳһҳȴЩǿǿ־塣
ô꣬ǻûг
ַҡҡͷЩΪż챦Լĳ編󣬾סǳ룬̫ˡ
˵編󣬾ǻҲκβַ塣
²Իʥ壬ַҲɱЩۡ
ʩչĽֻڶеһְˣԪɱ׽ʮλճɻҽ
㲻ɱҡ֪Ѿ˶ץס߸ɱۡ
ţ
ַһץֱӽڤץС
˵Ŀģ
ǧȷ
ڤˣʼǵõ˻Ĵ裬з̣ǰɲһ
ڤ۷·ֿ˵λɨң޵У
λ޵еֻˣ
ף֪Сáĸڵλá
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ˡǰ
ˣַһץЩϵӴս壬ַһ飬ͬļһ㡣
أ
ʮλۣͳͳ󱬣л˲ϯճ˻ҽƬǿգһԵޱȵƽյģ·ʲôûз
ַʢһʱ߽˿ռڣűϵȥֻԼСţĿǰһС
ʦʦ𰡣ˣ
СźܼǰȻ˵𣬵ʵûʲôϾСųʱѾǴ˵ˡ
˵αȵ侳ĿķɣСŷ·ѾܹĻع飬ֽӿ
оˣ

ϵһƬյǿյУʱȴ۽٣Ƭǿȫ
һպԻս壬˵һϵˣʮٸϵҲᱻ׳ű
ô£ͻȻôۣ
Щ˺ͶЩıߡ
ȷǱߣôֵϵˣϴǰնɱʲô
ѾһЩǿߣĶԶԶĹš
ıϵѾΪᶨ֧ߣַ壬ԼйϵıѾЩնɱ±ϵҲ͵
˵ˣǴҲûмˡ
ôۻۣ̾Ͳϵ³ˡ
ˣ
ĿһɨǶۣͶЩҲΣһЩŵл뿪Դ棬뵽֮УпܳΪ
ˣ׷ɱϣҲĵˡ
ʮʱ䣬һֱûз׷ɱˣڵõһؼԵ
壬ܾܿͶڱϵ
ϸѲ飬һطҲ©
һ£ʱ𶼿ʼжڵ򣬾ηֻܹҪһѣһܹѵ
ʱּҺĳԱѾЩһš
˶Σϼڽˡ
ʮˣʮ꣬ôһ졣磬ʢˣҲˣֻϧûܱסϼ塣
ţֻ֪ҪµЩע⵽ϵôһоͶˡ
ԭڴַһ棬ܳ漣ֻʮʱ䣬ûַ˿ϢҲͲٱϣ
һΣǳ׵ľ
ټˣ硭
۾Ҳ۾ôۣϼκηû塣
ڣֻܾĵȴţĩյĵ
¡
Ȼһضɽҡ·𵴡
ҵˣҵˣ˶
һϲܵĴͣЩʹһЩö硣
ǿ۶Ļᡣ
磬ʹţһ죡


1043 һָ㲻
ҳ
Իս壬һץǿ𵴣ܵĿռ䶼÷顣һ۵ֲ
ռ󣬹Ȼһ
Сڲͬ沼ķȫķ󣬼ռںϣڿռ֮С
һһϸ˭Ҳ޷
ҵˣ
¶һ˿ЦݣľϸܵϤϢȻĳԱ
۲û̽򣬶Ǹֶƺھĵȴʲô
ܿ죬߳һӰ
ۣҲУ㻹ˣںαؿƣ
ҡҡͷ̾һˣӣȴһλߡҵ׷Ŀǳѣѣѣ죬еĳߣҲֻһ˰ˡЩȴİ취Ǵ֮У뵽硣Ļ磬ӵĻᣬջ󣬲ҵֵˣҲֵˡ
ɫЩӣλӣʵĴ澴ġǷʵҲΪĳԱ
Ϊ˽磬ҲòһЩ֡
һҪץǣ
һץסĳԱһѪܷŹ
ɫøӲ԰ˣݵƺܲס
ಣ
һӰɵǿյС
ĸףҪЭƴˣպ׻ع飬һĲǡ
ҧгݣݺݵĵۡЩУǻʵıߡˣ档
һ䣬Цݣֶƽ˵ҪΪ޵ˡʱͬˣعΣЩǿԶԶģЩۣҲȡǵ𣬿ҲǱ۵Ķ֣
ۺţѡͶǷӴ˲£ѡУѡͶ
ֻͶ˻۲֪ԭ֮Ļ磬ôǿơ֪˻ֻ̤Ļڻ֮ϣиߵȻԼ۷
ֻҪ鲻ôͲתޡǺεȵĿ£ЩУһֹһλ
ڻ˵ı󣬻һλлˡ֮ϵڻжĿֲ
ޱߣǿơĶˣڻ磬ϧͶĸԸΪ
ֻܹ뿪棬뵽֮С
壬׸Щġ
кԵãЩĳԱѾ֮ʱץжôˡ
ôۣδĳҪ㾿νȣ
ȻǿУһһȦȦĿռʼѸɢͬˮĲһ˷ɢ
⡭磿
ԭѾ˾ɫ԰סϤȴ͵̧ͷɫҲһӱúݵڲסĲ
ĶƬռѾһ޴ĿռȱڣڰصϢ
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Ӱӿռͨһ߳һˣܶ˶ϤȻĶӣʢۣʢǰʢ߷Ƶ˭Ϊƣ
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ַһߡ
ڻдҲûôʱ䡣ΪУѾ̫̫࣬ҲǷ˼̫ࡣ
ӣһ໥ףַʱȴԶһʱ仹ࡣַǷʵ̫̫ˡ
磬㣡ãã̫ˣڻˣǰһֱģгһĻܾͼˡ
֣Ҳ̲ס档ʹӣվִۣ֮Ȼ
ǸŮˣǸϣɷһŮ˰ˡ
ס

𡣡
ˡ
ϼԱһĶǳ氡ϼĴ棬һˣΨһһλߣ
ֹ⻷ַ񻯡ַ뿪ʱ䣬ڹȥʱ䣬ʢĺѾ֪жˡ
ϼҲչһӴ塣ˣַڵĵȷȷϼ棡
ܺãû¾ͺãû̫١
ַ忴һϤˣһϤסиס硢磬СãŮԼϼ
֮мֱʤϾʱ䣬ϼĹģǷǳӴġ
ϼĳԱ˷ܣȴ׹ѡ
ַ塭𣡡
۽ҧ촽ޱȵĸӡ¡˷ܡȵȣͷ
ˣۣһᣬܵһָ㲻
ַתͷֶվǿյУӸ¸ۡ


1044 һָ飡
񣡡
ҧгݣۣһʱİԴַ𣬳Ϊò硣
ֻ۵Ҳˡֲûгֹ𣬵Ҳֻеһ˿˿ס
ַȻˣΪ˳ߣ뿪Դ棬뵽޾Ļ֮Уȥ׷Ѱеĸ߾硣
ĵļ޷ƣҲ磬ȿˣλ֣еļλĸ˵֮һ۵һʱͶЩһָ㣬һЩ챦ʵʮٱ
ţԵҲһս֮
ڣַˣȴͬһԴҲ޷ܡ
˵һָ㾡ȫΣĻعĴ󣬼ȻˣǾԶҲҪˣ
һХ޴սԻͬһհ㣬ɢ޾Ĺâս·޾ڱһ챦챦Щ֮Ϊ֮ġ
ڻУҲƵǼõĻ챦ˡ
챦ѹۣɨ޵УΪ˵֮ǿߣЩѸٵȶ棬ͳ档
ûУַ壬ȻΪ𣬿Ҳûм˿ֲɣҵʮٱЩҺΣ
۳ĴЦţ·ص˵ոճΪۣưʱΨ㣬Ϊ׷ԸһС
ʲôʲôͳͳں
սӴ󵽼ַۣվǰͬСɳһʵ̫С̫΢ˡ
ַɫȴûһ˿仯ޱ飬˵Ѿˣһָ㲻
ַһָ
䣡
һָƽƽ棬ôɲǼ䣬涼·𵴣·ָһУеĿռ䡢ʱȵ淨ָǰû˿á
ǿֲս壬һӴָӴսͬĭһ㣬һơӴս˲ֱױ
ôҵ֮ġ
۾Ĵ߶ڵ֮ģ޾׷ױӿֻǣǿƺָֻǰҲû˿ãֻĿָ¡
꣡
֮ĳһ˿ƣ飬ͬ֩ƵģȻ顣

۲ҽһӴսȻַָֻͬһָ㣬ݺݰ£˲ѹ촷ۡ
һָ֮˹
иǰۣ̲סһֻЩϼ
ЩҲòûս壬Сüֱͬһȴӵž춯صǴ棬Ҳ׾١
ҵ֪ˡ
ҵҲǱƲѡ
֪Щ
۶ˣЩ𱾾̰ҲͶһβԣ̾͸ģַ
ЩǽͷݡıߣַĮָһ
ݣ
һĻɳֻǵĻ棬ɵЩϺ󣬾̻Ϊܴƾô޴ս壬ӱճɻҽˡ
ʣµһЩͨߣֱַӴһʱձ飬򼶡ϵַһΪ˻ҽ
ַԻʥ壬һָԴ棬һܶ޾գʲô۶ֵˡ
ֻﵽַĳ̶ȣףԴڵǶôĴǳߣǸոճѣûɱɻҲޱȵĴ
ǿΪ֮һգ𶼱ַһɱƬǿնÿյȻǻȸԾ
ַĻع飬ҲĹǣϼеΣҲˡ
硭
ַĻУˣڵȴַع顣ԭΪҲַˣû뵽ʱַ̣ڳˡ
ع飬עһɱЩַۣ˵ֵһᣬЩ˽ֻǱߣףȴǡ
ԴͷЩַûǣƬԴ棬Ѿʧȥ汾Դ𽥵
ʼٸߣЩǲһԴͷƬ棬޾ɱ¾ԩ꣬ҪЩѪϴˢ


1045 ն
ĸס
ʢ˹һ˵ܿˡ
ʢܿˡ
ʢϼĵĳԱžˣ˫ʱ˼֮顣ַ˾Ĺǣηκв
ַҲ˸ĸİףһЩϼСַİûмǣȴܸܵϤѪ
Ѫ
Ͼʱ䣬ϼѾչ˺ܶѪҲ֪˶١ʢתƵģʵһЩֱϵѪϵѪõѪѪûתƣȴ¾
ʵЩûж֣׷ɱģЩߣǱѪծѪ
ʢҧгݣȻǺ޼Щߡ
ıߣֱʤһ׷ɱ廹ϼϵѪǱ߸ɱ
ҲЩߣֱЩҪɺޡ
ַȴ֪Щ򣬱Ҷϼ֣
ʢЩ
ףѵҪ׼Щ֣
ԭǴǽ磬û뵽ԴѡЩף汾ԴȡˣȻܷŹǡ
ʢıЩɣǳ˵ף׵ȷЩЩҲܲ򵥡Щ͸¶ϢЩƺͨĻǻˣΪ׵ļλƺ֮ͨϣڻ˵ı񣡡
ףôһȻûоԵİգǲҪǡЩƺûеõϢǻܾߡ
Զԣ磬Щʵ̫ˡǻƽŸոճʱ䣬Щ֪˶꣬ҪҲҪȵȫİղС
𣬵ʱͬˣǻЩʮ𡣱£Ҫӳ顣
ʢָֻĸһַҪЩһĶ£Ȱַ塣
ĿЩײУȥܶ꣬ɼ¡ǻֹһλʮλ
ַȻǿҲΪ˻ζԸʮλЩǿˡ
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ַһЦƵĸӵĳޱ䣬ԶǿգĵЩǿ󣿵ַֺγˣǧУ˵ˣնɱֹһ𣡾ն
Щı˭ҶҪѪծѪ
ַɱŷ꺮һ㣬˶ĸַܵԨ纣Ŀֲɱ⡣

᳤Ҫ
˵
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Դ̻ḱ᳤۾΢ӷףЩֺһ˫۾ȴܴ󣬿ǳ
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ʱ٣ַ峬Ѻȥ˻磬Ҳǧʱ䡣ǧʱ䣬еʲôزߵȻ߸ɴͻֻͨ
᳤ҡҡͷΪ⡣
ʵǺܽģڵ֪˳ߵϺ󣬾̻鱨һڻʥǣû
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᳤ȴ붼ȥ롣ʲôЦλַնҲ֮һſµͨ
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ٻҲὫϵһ𣬳ͬͬհˡͬͬյߣֱ಻ʤ
֮𣬾ͺһɽһֻ۵һû˭Ὣ뵽һ
᳤߻ع󣬺ɨ棬۶նɱ
ˣһöӰˣҲˡֻǿϧǼ챦Ƿһ챦ȻҲһλǧĳ߸ɱˡ
᳤ҡҡͷ漴üëһþԴӣλȥλߣԼߵļ嶼ͳͳץܹѣضһЩоһϣ¸֮£ܸһЩʹ͡
᳤һӣѾˡ
ԣֻһС°ˣвͷȴ¡ΪһԴ棬ºܸˣʹ౦᳤µʹܹͣͨһ


1046 ֻؽ磡
ϵַѵõżˣûȥѰЩǾĵȴ֪ЩһŹôһλߡ
ϾڻУҲѵõо󡣰ʱ٣Ѻڻʱ䣬ǧʱˡ
ǧʱ䣬ʲôɾͣ
ַ岻öЩȻˣַ彫˶׵ǧħػ
˭Ҳ˺ˡЩ˵Ҳѣǧ۷ɷ֮ǿҪâ
ַ򾲾Ĵ֮Уʶ浱С
ַ棬ѾޱȵӴˣԴ涼ҪӴöࡣϴַ򵽣滹вԲĵطǾֻء
ַ棬һֱûֻءⲻַֻأֻܹصģһ磬һ棬ҪȻĵֻأԲ
ֻأˣŻתֻأػ۷塣ַ棬㣬ǧħȴʼ޷ɱ䣬޷飬лûеֻء
ַͨ˹ֻصһЩСǶ棬ֻҪҪֻأȻȻĵֻأ̫̫ѡ
ֲ²⣬һֻصô潫Բƣʱ򣬿ܻʵɱ䡣
ʲôӣַҲ
ֻأǲǾס飬޷ȥתֻأ
ַڵģʵɱϡ
ȻַնҲնɱ˲֪λ񣬱ַնɱһˡǻһܼתֻأгһػ۷塣ַ岻壬ҲվǸ鷳
ַһݣնɱҲնɱξ𣡲ǳ䣡
ֻǣɱķ̫̫ѣЩ񣬺ųɱ飬Ҳء
٣ַͨ˵˽⵽ʵɱķţ֮٣ЩҲһС
ųɱһЩʵûɱķš
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ʥʹǿնȴ޷ɱ顣֮⣬ַֻˣ̡
ֻǣַԹնɱҲܷɳ棬ȥתֻأַûκΰ취Щ顣
תֻأôɱ飬ϣˡ
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ɱתֻأһֱʱ䣬ûٶȾѵҲ಻ʤȱȽǡ
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һǾ൱ַӵ˳նɱֶΣ
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ţֻأֻǣеֻأƺǵһ磬֮Ϊֻؽ磬󣬶ֻؽתֻء
ֻ飬ּܱ䣬ֻ֮лѣػ۷塣
ֻؽ翣ǻĸλʥߣûκܹӦֻؽ磬˵ҵֻؽˡ
ˣҪֻؽ磬أڿഫȴûκ˼
ַֻؽĴڣȻҪԻΪģ壬ôֻأͱҪԼһֻؽ硣
ֻؽԳһ磬Ҫһ磬ȥѰһ磿
ַüͷֻؽľ幹죬ֻǸݴţûеȷֻؽ硣ݴţҪֻؽ磬ʵ̫ˣЩ쿪
ֻؽԳһ磬Ҫһ磬һ硭
ģַƺ뵽ʲôԺһ⣬Ҫץסȴץס·ǰơ
һ磬֮ϳһӣӣ治̺һ𣿡
ַԺлȻʣһ뵽ӡ
һӣ̺һ磬ʺϻֻؽ
뵽ַ۾漴һơ
ˣ
УһââɢȥжһⰻȻɫӡ


1047 ַ壬
ӡ
ַţӣȷһ磬ֻҲûзֻء̺磬ԶַҪĶࡣ
ٴҲһ磬Գֻؽˡ
οҪ潨ֻأҲǹ⿿ӣַ棬õֻܽؽ硣
ৣ
ַӰԻ֮Уʱ޾·ڶĤַλ֮
Դ֮壬֮罨ֻءӴֻֻأֻؽ磬֣
ַԴֶΣ˲
¡¡
𵴣߶ڻصַ˲ˡֻء壬ѣӴҲ˹ޡ
УһɫӣʼѸٵ뵽֮У޾סӣڲ˲˾޴ı仯
·һ涼ϵӴģ֮Уַ壬˭Ҳ޷Ӧҵֻؽ硣
ಣ
ֻؽһַ崴֮ȻͼӰ궼Ͷ뵽ֻؽ֮Уֻؽ粻Ϸֽ⣬˼䣬κĺۼͬһŰֽһ㣬ֻת
ֻص壬˵ԶʵţƣȻܷչһԽԽģΪӡ
ֻأȴƽ⡣ƽ棬ƽ磬ƽ顣һôͻֻؽ統Уĥһкۼһм䣬תֻأǾȫµˣһѾûκεĹϸ
ǰ֣ȫ˹̡
ֻص壬ֱ٣ֱƽֻؽתҪκ˲֣֮Ҳ޷֡
ֵܹģַֻλ֮
ֻؽոսѾڷšƽ⡱ˣеһЩǿ飬ʵ̫ǿˣǶҲġǿ飬ʹʧʵ̫ϧˣֻ֮󣬾תȥط»ΪһŰֽ˵ʮϰ꣬ܳΪպǿ顣
ַԲֻأǿиԤÿһֻأĥһӡǡӡҪģ飬Ǿӡǡ
һԿĥˣʮΡٴǧΡΣֻصĥ鶼ܲסҪΪҽ
ֻؽ罨ˣûʲô쳣ҸоҵѾơֻǣܲס飬ǵһԡ
ַ۾ֻؽ磬ʼֻأƽ⣬ӵԺʱƣֻԽԽǿ
ܲס飬ĥ飬ַԼҲûаգһԡ
ʱ䣬Ӧò쵽ˣ
ַ̧ͷԶǿ֪Щˣһβܡôһʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ЩӦˡ
ַ岻ϣԷǲ̫ǰܹ
ֻ飬ÿһ½ֻؽ磬ǵܲס飿
ˣ
ûãǿУȻһ˿˿Ŀռ
¡
ռֱӷ飬ռֱӷ飬˾ŵӰ
ŵӰ̫ߴ󣬱ЩսֱС׼ףʵ̫СϵϢȴǳֲԶЩ
淨򣬶Ȼ飬
ϢַʵϤˣǻϢͳͳǻˣŵӰлһλ
ַ壬
ԴƬǿավԷ飬ǧħ񱣻¹ڵˡ
ǻ
֮ǰַʮˣ˿ҲЩˣûۼˣʼ޷Էжôǿ
ڣһ޾ռ䣬𶯣ʮ𡢰۶޷֮ȡ
ЩĿֲ
ʮλۣҲֻλˡ
أ
ǿоȻһŵǾʹžλôӴݣ˭ᵣġ
Сģǿɶǻ
ˣֻĵʢ˲֪˿ַжôĿֲַ֪ڻеսжôĻԻ͡
ʲô
ַֻ֪ĵʮ˵һ仰նֹһ𣡡
ǿ񣬾Щߵе߶֪֮֮ϣڻжһ߸ϵ
նοЩˣĵĳԱ˿ܷɣûһ㵣ġ


1048 ħ֮ɱţ
ˣ
ַ忴ǿУǿԻľŵӰ
ˣѾܾöûмˣ֮ԵУǸǺңԶļ䡣
ৣ
ַһͬһĽһһһߵǿ֮УֶƾΧһƬĿռըѣ·ûκιϵ
ţǳַ壿
Դüͷ΢΢һ壬ЩԾȻ޷ַĵϸֻԼܸӦַӦǻ֮л֮Ӧǻ
徿еһˣȴ޷Ӧ
ҪôַϢֶΣҪôַԶԶǿڶֿ΢΢Դȥ롣
Ϊܣ㣬ַڻҲǧʱ䣬ǧ꣬жɾͣߴʥеţǧʱܴͨ۷ѾǷǳˡ
Ǹ붼롣
ǵţܳһһԵ컯֪ʲô̶ȡ
˾Դߣ㳬ѲףͲҪٸ翹ˣӦ֪ҵ鲻ջһһлصĿֲܡΰһĳǵֵסġ
ԴҲ˵ĮȻ
ַȴĬ鵭ȻΪԶôƽôƽȴþԴŭա
Դ̻еλҲ͡κһλʵϵλͣʥˣ˵ʥ֮Ļˡ
һŭܹһ½ĿֲڡʲôʱԴȻһߵͨˣ
ߣץס㣬ϼ壬㻹û֣
Դһ֣ʱλˣǸߵȻɷʹ۷һս
ԴѾܸ߿ַһˣϾǳߡڳڻе洫˵ԴѾΡ
ַ߿һۣ۷Դðλ˾ȫС
ಣ
λˣɷ󣬽շסַ屻Χм䣬з֮ѹšַһûжܣԴеĽҲͷˡ
ڻʲôûѧ󶼲֪ܡ
ԴҡҡͷԭЩģԵúܽڿȷ̫߿ַһˡ
ʹĳߣǧʱ䣬ʲôز
ͦ
ַ忴һ۾Դ𿴾ԴܴƺںɳˣǳûСԼ
˶ôǧħڣ
ַ帺ֶˣͲֵ֡
ಣ
ʱһӷ˰λħͬǻȴ۷
ݼ񣡡
λħ񣬸۷ϵϢޱȿֲ²ɷҲļ£ԶǿھԴµİλˡ
ţ۷ǰλ
Դɫһ䣬ʱֲõԤСַ嵽״۷
ȥɣ˺ǣǽԾܡ
𡭡
ħŭǳ˷ܡǱħ񣬱ַʵޱȵײУַֻһ˵
ǰַ廹ǧħǴŷŷ硱ڣַʵѾ񣬵˶ǶǧħѾﲻַʲôæˣˣǧħ뿪Ļ΢΢
ڵõ˻ᣬַ廹ǣЩħβ˷ܣ
ǣħ񣬸ΪħֲĻɢļµϢһ˰ˡ

ħǿԶԶ˾Դǰɷ󣬰˵ܹ۷ˡ
ʵȴǣһͷħ񶼵ֿסͱħ˺˷ſѪڣ˲ͽ˺Ƭɡ
ַ嶼Щͷħı֡
ʵϣַһֱţǧħȴûе飬ҲûκεħһϢϢء
ˣЩħʵһֱѻֻһСѻҲǿԶһ۷
˵ԸλߵȻˣǶԸʮλ˰λʲôַðͷħ񣬶ԸߵȻЩСãɱţˡ
ʲô
Դ۾һɣȶȲˣħٶʵ̫죬ֱգۼͽλ˺Ƭɵ
ãһߣ㲻֪㷸˺εȴǶԴ̻Ļɱǣ˵һߣļ壬㾡޷
ԴױŭˣǰԸߡΪֵû뵽㲨ۣ۽
Ǳµ֪ӡ󲻼ѣ˵ʹͣܳͷˡ
ˣԴױŭ鹵ͨ򣬼ԴҲ޷ֹһɿֲĻ籩Ѿƽһ˿˿Ļ籩ԽǧĻΪҽ
ջһʹһ½Ҳ¡


1049 ֻذ
򣿡
ַҡҡͷԺ춯صĿֲԴ˶ܽšǻŻϴڣڻжһ
ֲƣʮԴҲܱ𣬹Ȼ鴫ַֿܵʹַ׳նɱ񣬵ֻ˵ûۼ˭Ҳ޷װġ
𣡡
ַһֻֻ֣˲仯ΪһֻƣݺžԴһץ
䣡
ԴоܵĻ򣬾ȻȻһƥֱӾ̤˻ܵĻ򣬾ͺ񱻡һ㣬Ҳ޷Ӧ
ѹ򣿲ֻжͨеֶΰ㡭
ԴޱȾ֡
ֻͨͨĶƻѾǶɡȻֻǳҲջֻжɵͨܳ׷
ѵǰλߣȻһλ
뵽ԴҲһֻǣԴȻȴûмûмͨ޴жϡ
ȶԴ̻ҲŽֻһλҵλǳӣ¶ǳء
֪Ѿˣ飡
ַֻǶһʥΪһŴͨǶַܹͨӲĿֲͨһܣҲԶԶֵܹͨġ
أ
ַֻ֮£Դͬһ㣬֮˲ֱӱĳ촷ۡ
һ˲ɳҪɳԴ棬Ͷ뵽ȥת
鲻⼸Ѿɡ
ԴվַǿҲֻɱԴһã˵ԴֻҪתʮܹ꣬Ѽ䣬Ӷ»ָʵ
žԴһ飬ҪɳԴ棬ƺûʲôַֹܹһԴ˲סƬǿա
䣡
潵٣ԴıԴѾȡ־Ҳʧˡˣĳ֣ԴҲûκηӦƾסƬǿա
ֻؽ磬㣡
ַ߶ֻؽ磬ҲָֻֻؽܹãסԴһ顣
ݣ
ַ潵٣ޱȵǿ󣬵ƺҲûӰ쵽Դ顣ַ߶ֻؽ磬ԵѹԴһʱ
Ȼ΢΢һ£㻯Ϊһ⣬ֱֻؽС
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Դ뵽ֻؽ磬ַֻؽ磬ʼһδεֻأϵĥžԴ顣
һΡΡΡĴΡ
תۼ䣬Դֻ˾ʮͰֻأÿһʮĻúķǧʱ䡣
ַֻؽ磬ȴ˲Ϣ¡˵ֻؽֻؼǧҲգۼ¡
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ڣԴֻ˰ûоѼ䣬һͳ׵ĥ𣬳׵ʧ
ˣӴˣҲоԴĴںۼ
һкۼȫĨˣҲʹ䣡
ˣ
ַƺЩ̫ţھԴһ̣ƺ黯ΪһΪĹʧֻؽС˵뵽ֻؽ硣
¡¡
ַ͵̧ͷԴ֮⣬嫹ĻУԼз籩Ű·ҪԴ涼ݻ١
籩ܿƽϢϸ۲죬ûз֡
Ϊ𣿡
ַ˼еͻתеֻؽתޣһֱ޷Ѽ䣬Ϳܱĥ󳹵
Ҳ뵽˻֮УΪеһ֡
ڣԴȴû뵽У뵽ַеֻؽ磬൱ַ档
ղŵĻ𶯣ַҲ֪ǲΪԴԭ
ֻؽΪԴ𣬵ȷǶһ˵ַҲ޷˽ϸ΢仯
ֱ仯ַҲ޷ϤӦöֻؽкôֻؽƺȶˣӼˣںϸꡣ
ַ帣飬Ѿһ²⡣
ֻؽ绹ڼɳǿܹɳֻؽĳ̶ȣͲҪϰֻˣܼʮֻأһλ飡
ַ˲²⡣
ҲοΣҲܹطԴֻͨҪֻزôأ
ҪתΣ̵ֻؽĳ̶ȣ޷顣
ΣһԲ֪


1050 
ףʤˣ
𣬸ղˣ
˵鲻
˸ϲĪۿַͬץСһ㣬׾ͽԴУһ
Ȼ󣬾ûȻˡ
ûо춯صĴսƺоʵ̫ˣ֮䣬ѹַѹ˾Դ
Ҫ֪ǿ
ˣûоԴˡ
ַ嵭˵зֿʼ˷ȴַ֪仰⡣
ԴֹһˣѾˣ鶼ǻ֪ضΪ𾪡
ȻҲܹģʵһûпųֶεǿҪ飬Ҳǧѡ
ַֻ壬ϢƽУѾһλ顣
ǧħסϼ壡Ҳó׽Ⱥˡ
ַȻѾֶΣҲͲٵЩˣҪǰȥ׽Ⱥˡ
ѪծѪ
ҲҪնɱ

꣡
Դ̻ḱ᳤͵۾ǰһƳ׷顣
Ʒ飬⼸ܣ̺ӡǣ𣬷䣬ƶѿ


ܣܣôǿ䣬ų䣬Ӵûһ˿ۼ
᳤ûй˾ʧʱ̣߻磬֪Σ׻ûʧ˷硣
ǾԴƣԴ̻УֻơΪֻ飬ܹӡǡ
ѣ䣬£仹Ҫø᳤־塣Ϊǿ䣬ĶҲƣҲûˡ
˭˭
᳤ʧ룬ϸһ룬ԴǴŰλˣȥץԴĳ
ߣѵλߣ
᳤ǿԼ侲
Դ棬ҲֻλصĳߣþԴ䣬һ˵߸죬ҪôǶҪô
ڿȻˡ
У֪ͨ¡
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ˣ
ڸ᳤ǰһ档
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ţ㲻Դ𣿺£
𾴵£ԴˣԴĳѾع飬Դǰȥץ飬׶༪١Էпһλطǿڡ
ʲôطãããԽ٣ػ׽ԷطҲӵС
Դһ˿âҲܼ
ھԴͲ⣬ҲһͨˣֻҪԴһڣ֪жԸԴ̻ᡣ
Ҫط˵طһգǾɱﵣܹڶԴһԾΪѲֲ֮һ
᳤ϲҪԽ٣ܲϲ
¹ӭ´ݣ
漴ʧԴѾִռ䣬ٵԴˡ
ĺܺãԴҲһʱ䡣
ڸ᳤˷ܣӭԴʱȻĶߴһİͬһˮ˲佽˸᳤е˷֮顣
ৣ
֪ʲôʱ򣬸᳤ǰһȦȦĿռһӰӿռͨһӸµĿŸ᳤
Ǻˣ
᳤ɫ䡣
ղŲԴ㱨𣿡
ַЦЦҪֱնɱ᳤ˣоȻ᳤Դ㱨ԴַȻŹԴ
ٴ񣬶ǰβͬҪԴ鶼
ԴЩˣַһŹ¶Է
Ϊַеۣɴۣ֮
Դڻʥǣַ廹ûʲô취ϾʥǾԲ֣˵ַˣǶҲڻʥǶ֡
ԴҪԴ棬ȻٺòˣǧѷĻᡣ
㡭ǳߣ
᳤ɫòޱȵľɡ
֪֪һ½٣Դ棬֮أڻǹԹԵķطһ
᳤һ뵽Դ񼴽٣Ҳ˵
ǰĳжǿǶΣѵ񿹺ⲻɣ
£ϣ
֪ԴĳõҲ񣡡
Ϊ˭Ǿʥǵλ޵֡
᳤ЦƺЦ
ͻȻ䣬ЦȻֹͬ˹һ㣬Ȼߴʥдŵһ춯صϢ
һλ޵֮ն񣬶ն׳١λһλߣ
ַᵽ񡱣᳤һ⣬ʱֲԤС
㡭λߡն޵ַ壿
ַЦЦı飬һ᳤̣׹ѣҲ̲סΪ־ҵĲ


1051 ȻˣǾͲҪˣ

ûκγɣ᳤̾ġ
㣿
ַ䣬˾ۡ⸱᳤ۣԳ֣ĸǣַ
ʲô˶ˡΨĸǵĸ᳤ġ
᳤һˣǳַ֣ĸǡȳޣܹģ
ȴܲġΪ᳤ͱúԲˣҲ޷Ϊ᳤ȡʱһȡᡣ
ַն޵񣬵λ磬һܱͨȵģ
˵Դ٣ҲȲ
ȴֻͨġԴȴˣǴ
һλܹ飬֮Ŀֲڣ˭ܲ壿һַУǿɾˣһĻᶼûС
鱨кҪ鱨֪ռ棬ڲͬĻ档֪л棬Ҳֹһ֡
ţ棿
ַû뵽ֺȻ֪档
˵
Ӧˡҡ
أ
ַһץֱԻʥ壬ֻԻһ㣬ǹɿֲƣǵأƺԴ涼Ҫű
Իȫʥ壬Դ涼ܲס
ˣԻһʥ壬ԶԶͨܿġַһѽ᳤УֻҪһգܽ촷ۡ
ûʸ̸˵ֻ
᳤һҶģַһǿɾˣ鶼䡣
˵˵ڻд뵽˻Уһĵط棬ֹһ֡һר˱ǣֻܸӦ
ǸӦң
ַ嵭˵
֪ģǿ޾ľͷȻޱ޼ʣȴл޾ǶҲܳʧ
ʥҲԸ׽
ţǻľͷڻ֮⣬̲Σ߻вٵҪһȥдȴһȥء
᳤һҧڱַץסֻ׸û̸ʸֻܹԹԵĽӦǡ
õ˸ӦǺַüëһ᳤С˵ζᣬ֪ѵԴ棬Դ̻򲻸ҽġ¾Ҫˣģȥ½ͣһܹǰӡ
䣡
᳤䣬ԴȻַĿԴ֮Ļ֮УһȦȦĿռֻһ˿˿ĿռԴֻ֮ٲơ
᳤һϲæ˵½ˣᣬȥ»㱨
أ
䣬ַȴ͵һڸ᳤㵵Ŀ£˲佫촷ۣһǱַսеֻؽ磬һδεֻء
ת˲䣬ֻֻһһʮͱĥ˵᳤ҪԶȾԴǿҲǿޣֻ֧һٶֻذˡ
Դ񣬵ȵľ㣡
ַһ˸һ˿⣬ɱ졣
Դǰӣ
ַɲԸ⣬Դۣ֮񴥷ַҲٴԴǰӣ
ৣ
ַһӰԴ֮⡣
˿̣նһȦȦĿռƺƵ˷ɢֲǴɢ˳
飬
ǻܲס˵ԴڵˡַΪʥԵʣܹ񡣵ʵϣַ岢ˣҲû
ֻʥֻ֮ƽûԻʥ壬ȻҲûʲôֲơһǽԴ棬޼ɵͷԴ־ᱻѹƵġ
ôų
ַһ䣬ԴôĵĽ٣˿ûһ˿ʵҲһλ˭ҿ⣿
˵ˣһλУ˭Ҳ͵Ϯ
ԴԴ棬Ҫôƣץסַ壬֮͵Ϯ
οΪųҲǺҪġûкƺƵЩҲôŷ
٣᳤ڣ
ȻһȦȦĿռͨУһֺ
ͬʱһӰѾһֻţ׼ӿռͨһȻԴ
ԴĿһɨռַͨʱȴ΢΢һ㶣漴۾͵һͫһ˲䱬ȻһʱҪӿռͨߡ
Դ񣬼ȻˣǾͲҪˣ
䣡
ַԻʮɵľ޴ʥ壬һ㣬˫͵һԾԵ䱬ԴڵĻռ䡣


1052 
¡¡
𵴣˷µನ˷ɢȥԲĿռ䣬ַԻʥ壬һ֮¾顣
ֻܹͨ򣬸οַʮֻ޳ɵʥ壬ǿͨһ֮󣬷˼
ʥǣһַ壡㵱Ҫ뱾ݣ
޾Ŀռ籩УһӰΪǱŴӿռͨڵȻԴڸղһɲǣַʱԴѾַ֪ݡ
һնַ壡
˵һЩַ֪ͨ壬ǻпԭԴ񣬲ܲעַϢ
Ͼ֮ɲһ¼Դַݶ
ڿַһɲǣԴѾףײˡ̻еĻҵԴ棬пַܾ峬ѵԴ档
𣬽ˣ
ԴҲֻͨͨе񣬵Ȼ𶥼ҪԶˡĻԴ̻ҲСģ
ַϢԴһˣһʱӻػʥǡ
񣬵һʱ䲻սӣѾˣοûгɹַ˻
ԴԴıԴôȥˣĳܣû˭ܹȵ㣡
ַʮɸߵľ޴ʥ壬Ƭ硣
Դɫ࣬ƽʱﶼܵϹϾĶԴ߸ϣ
ַƵ˵ز
ַ壬֪նı¡Ǳˣ˵ɣҪʲô񶼸㣬Ǳ
Դɫ࣬Ҳòͷ񲻼٣ַܹնɱ
ɲԴ񲻵ͷңղŸ᳤Ļ㱨Уᵽ˾Դ֮鶼ˣ˵ַ廹ܹطɲԴСĽǶʧһҲ˴ţʱ⣬ʱ̣һҲʲô

ַһ䣬ֶ˵Ǿɣ
䣡
ַʥٶȱͬһǴͨ㡣ﲻͨȴԶһͨͨն򱬣л˱ܡַ屬һ˲䣬Լγһ޴ĺڶռ䡣
ַ壬̫Ҳŵõ꣬꣬ޱȷɱ񣬳룡
ԴҲŭˣַ岻·Ҳûʲôù˼ˡ
Դͨ
ȻԴҲʩչͨˣһͨӻУ·һľ޶һɹɿֲţĺַʥ塣
䣡
һδεĺַʥ˿ƾЩͨϣûκεáʥǿַֻ֮ʮֻһ֮ǿֱ˼
ѣ
ַ岻Դͨ˫ֱۣۺȻ仯ʮﳤֱԴץȡ֮л򶼷׷׷飬ȫƷֱֲԴͷƤ顣
ױַնɱλĸˣﻹһλһͷޣǿƥĻޡ
Դ֮ף
Դ߶ϵĻ鱦һɵĻ鱦ƶķ鱦
һ㲻򲻵ѣͲ붯á
ڣѾʱ̣ԴҲ˲ˡ
أ
ַ˫ͬһ㣬ݺݵԴ֮ϡԴ֮Ƕ鱦֪Դ˶꣬ľ˶챦
ַһδδԴ֮׶ܲסٴκ
һΡΡΡ
꣡
ֻκԴ֮ϾѾһѷ졣
ôôֲӣӣϽӣ
ԴͷƤ飬Ŀ־ˡ֮ǰ̣㲻ַ壬Ӧò⡣
ڿԴ֮׶סַ೤ʱ䣬Դĺˡַʥ壬Ѿ޽ӽһŴͨˡ
ͨܿġ
ǣԴӴܣҸ󺰵ַ壬һҪɱ񣬱ҪԴᣬ
ԴһͨƺƵסԴ棬ȻϧͬھҪַԴҲ촷ۡ
ţ
ַҲЩ⣬ԴȻԴҪնԴȴܳ¡ַֻܽʥ嵲Դ֮ǰʱնɱԴ
ַ壬մͽ̣סˡֻҪһգҪ㻥һղð
ԴŭղŲһ㣬ˡһ䣬˭ַ֪ܲܽҲˣԴ񲻸ҵѸ˳ֱӴռ䣬˿ռ֮ͨУ֮ززˡ
ӣӲ
ַһ˿âһλ񻳺ģ൱鷳ġ
ˣԴߣ٣ַ岻ôԴ뿪ǣַԴӰһҲֱ˿ռͨԴߵķ׷ɱȥ


1053 ·
ʥǣʥʥǡ
Ƹ鱦߶챦ʥһλʦˣĻʥǣҲ˴ʦǰ
ָ챦ֱڱʥǣ𾴵Ĳ񣬶ʦλҲǳߣ񶼲Ը׵
鱦Ϊ鱦Լ鱦
Щ鱦Ȼܼޱȣʵ̫ˣ綼Ƿëǡ鱦ͬǿԱƳġ
һЩʦķѪƳĺ鱦Щ鱦Ҫǿ˫
񣬶ԸⱦʥǣѰһЩǿĻ鱦
˵ʥ̻Ūһ汾Դ
ԣ汾ԴǺö
汾ԴȻûãԻȴдáһЩ񣬶ԸһЩ汾ԴֻϧԴʵ̫Ѱˣ󣬺嫻磬ҪһԴҲ¡
˵Դ̻ųϢԴ̻µ̶ӣһԴ棬һ汾ԴҲȥһ
ʥڣ۹Դ̻汾Դˡһ汾Դ󡣻ãЩȴдãǴϱ
ؼǣ汾Դǳϡ١
ϡΪһϡ٣ôֵȻ͸߰ˡԴ̻ͿʼƣҪھᣬһ汾Դ
һЩ׼ͨԴ̻ȥԴúÿڻ֮УһҲûмԴ棬ʮֺ棬ĻᣬȻϴ
˿̣Դ̻ȴæµ
ûл𣿡
ٽȥһԴ棬ܴ೤ʱ䣿Ӧúܿͻˡ
ûҲ޷ھС
Դ̻˶żʱȻʥ⴫һ졣
¡
ʥ⣬Ƭ˲飬洫Ŀֲľ
񰡣
ô£
ռ䶼ˣڱʥ֮Ⱑ˭ﶯ֣
λǿֲռ䶼һӳ׷飬Ԩս
Ķ̾;ʥڵߡǻҲãǻҲգˡ
̲סĿͶȻռĵطڻʥ֮ڣûΥʥǵĹأʥô񣬶˼ɣһ㲻ھʥôĵط֡
ڣôΧĻռ飬ⲻǶˣһǲɱ
ַ壬㲻ݣ
ռըѣһ󱯷ߵ
ͬʱһǱӰѸٴĿռеײײķ˳ҵһʱѸٵĳűʥڷȥģޱȵǱȻԴ
ҪֱӴռ䣬رʥǡȴַסˣһ·ϵ׷ռ䣬ԴǱڸڻʥ֮ͱַʥ˳
ԴӲɣ
һӰӿռһӰӴʮɸߣ¶ԡſֲĻ棬ͬһսһ㣬ֲѹ·ҪϢһ㡣
䣡
޴ĻˣݺһǰǵǱӰ
ַ壬ڻʥɱλ񣬿һ֮նɱط
Դַʥһŭ˲䴫գҲ˱ʥ֮С
ţǲԴô
Դ񣬱׷ɱǱ˭
ʥ壬ÿֲ޽ӽͨ˰ɣʲôʥ壿
ԴԴ̻ԴҲнǱʱ򣿹ˣʥԡܻ棬ȴûϢλն޵ַɡ
޵ַ壿ʥǵַ壿
طԴ񣬾һǵΪʮĻ鱦
ʯ䣬ʵѾ֪ԴݣǴַǿֲʥƲ⵽ַݡ
񣬱һλ׷ɱ·ţҲǻеһη¡ĿɿڴĿһĻ
ն񣬵ϾھʥǣҲû˻̫⡣ڣۿԴһλǱϧȡ
ԴģȻֻһλһλܹն޵ַ壡
һʱ䣬ʹٴ󵨣ټʶߣҲĿһĻ
䣡
գַһȥԴȴûԴǰһĿ࣬˾ͬƽӣֵֻסַһ
һλ񣬶һλͨǿ


1054 
񣡡
ַ۾΢΢һУҲ˳ȻδʥǣնʵѾˣˣڻһЩ񣬶ٶһЩ˽⡣һЩǸйרŵ˽⡣
ǰ񣬻ƽʥԻͬһһ㣬ǻкպĽ
ţĽͨģһͷʥޣ޽ӽ֮ͨǿ˼һδйܼ
ַ壬Ǿʥ֮޵ն񡣵Ǳʥǣֲ
һǴȻ
Ȼλʥ𣬶߸ϣഫϵҲܺáʥеߣʵﰵһЩġ
ַԶһ·׷ɱԴ˱ʥ⣬ȻһЩ񿴲ߡңԴôҲڱʥǸξԴһǾܴԴ¸ĺô
ʮʱ䣬Ϊһ鱦ʳԣ
Դ˵ֱ꣬ɽ˱ʥ֮СǰݺݵĿַһۣǺַ壬һ·׷ɱ˱ʥ֮⣬涪Ц󷽡
ʲôʱҲᱻ׷ɱôҵĵزԴպ󶼻ΪʥǵЦһжַԭԴַ壬Ѿǲˡ
ַüͷ΢壬һֱ׷ɱʥ֮⣬ûԴн֣Ǿʧȥѵʱ
ο˽ַ廹ܸܵһһǿϢڱʥ֮⡣ӲҪս˽񣬾ԻǶ档
Ϊϵʥǵ棬һʥǣʱʥ𶼲⣬ʥڵߣȴں档
ϧ
ַҡҡͷûټơԴѾӽ˱ʥǣѾû˻ᣬ˵λѪһŭ֮¶ַ嶯֣ǲǵòʧַǿһλ˴ͨĶ񣬿ҲԶԶǶ֡
ಣ
ֱַ˿ռͨʧ١
ǽϵġŭ⡱ʧζĿַʧķ򣬵૵޵鴫
ոַӲһǣڱʥǣǻ֮УӲһȭҲ޼ַȴ̩ɽ˿·硣
ýмΪء
޵ʢ֮ʿ
ʹַǱҲ͵ˣҲ⡣ֻ벽ܽͨͨΪ
ξԴ񣬽ɵúúáѹեһԴŲͦסַλǱ޵

ৣ
ַһ»صԴ⡣
ϧûնɱԴҲ޷ӡ֤ҵֻؽ磬ܷ顣
ַҡҡͷԴһҪɱģϾȡԴ汾ԴĻԴ񡣵һۣԴ»ǳСĽڶʱڣ϶̤ʥˡ
˵ڵַ壬Ϊ˶˴ͨҲҽʥǶԴ֡
ףʵ
ַҲʶʵΡ붥Ӧû൱Ĳࡣ֮ǰһӲַ岻·磬Ҳ˶ѡ
൱
񣬳꣬ȴʼ붥һ֮޷ͨΪͨҪΪжôѡ
ͬǱѾֻŬַͨ񶼲ǣʥҲкܴĽռ䡣
ǱַԶκ
޴Դ棬ַʩչ巽죬ΪһƬʹâסԴ档
գ
ַһȣ߶巽죬ʱһӴԴ棬ͱַս巽쵱С
֮ô˳ΪԴ棬־ʧˣûκη֮Ҳô˳
һʱ䣬ַҲΪΡû汾ԴԴܿͻᲽǣܹµ汾Դµ־
ֻϧ汾Դ䲻̫Ҫȴϡ٣ַҲûа취ֻĵȴԺ˵лõ汾Դ
Դս巽ַһ˿ռͨ巽ȷ棬һԴ涼˽ȥȻûκεĲ㣬Ǵռ䣬ȥ硣
һַ廹ĺԶ
֪˶ٴΣھ̫ԶַҲ޷һԾʹ󵽳ʼ½Ҳ˺ܶΣķһʱ䡣
ಣ
ڣȵַٴδӿռ̤ͨȴһϤĴ½Ȼǳʼ½
ˣʼ½
ַһϲڻص˳ʼ½ΰԴԼ˵ˡ


1055 ֻܿԼ
ˣ
ǰþϢڱʥ׷ɱԴԴǱޱȣȻ󲨣ҲǾʥǳ
ԣԴôҲһλ񣬸߸ϵ񣬾ȻǱ׷ɱǹһ⣬񣬱һλ׷ɱ·š
ǻ˵ķչ̬ҲԽԽãඥʥĽ
Ԭˣַæǰݼһһ㱨˵
Ϣôʹʼ½ˣ
ַҲЩ⣬֪һ·׷ɱԴ·ţһ䶯Ҳû뵽Ϣô졣
Ȼʼ½֪ˡ
ڿǻеĴһһڹעţϢȻĿ졣
ԬҲ緢ȻˣȨգʱ䶼࣬ȴĹ̡
泩֮£ٶȶԽԽ졣
˵ӽϣɾߣַ⣬ԬˣҲԶԶȲϡ
ˣλȥ˶𣿡
ԬҲûַġ¡
ȻˣһһԴ棡ΰãҪǺúõĲꡣ
ַ˵һԴĿǰ
ʵºð졣ļڳʼ½Ҳôȫʵ죬ⲻˡǵһͨʼ½٣Ǿ͵òʧˡԽ˰ŽʥǵУУֻʥȫ
ַ˵ͷҲĴ㡣ֻᰲ׽ˣĻϼôˣʥǿҪƷԪַҲˡ
ֻǽ׽˰Žʥǣǵʲô
Դ棬ͷڳʼ½ԱߡңԴ汾ԴȡʵҲ㲻϶Ļ¡û汾ԴҲû־ǻнԴ棬ЩԴܷ㣬̫谭
ַ˵ͷԴ磬ʵҪԴ뵽֮У³ΪҲá
Ϊֻл磬иӹգеߵľ硣
ǰ־㣬˵ͨԴˡЩۣҲ޷˺Դ棬ֻгߣܳԴ棬Ӷ硣
ǺãҾͽԴڳʼ½ԡ
ַҲԥ̶Ժ󣬽巽һչ
䣡
һ޴Դͳ˳ʼ½ԣ巽һԱԷʱ䡣ַ彫Դͷ˳ô巽ҲʧȥЧ̻Ϊҽʧ
ȻЩϧ巽ʹԴ
ಣ
ֱַӴԬȻ˳Ա뵽Դ֮ڡ
硣
ס
𡣡
ַļ˶æǰǶ֪ô£ֻоԴƺһѾָƽȴ֪淢ʲô¡
ַ廹ԬϢֲ֮ľս
ǲҪ£ѾԴˣǶǻ˵ĳԱԺҲɽԴ棬ֻԴ棬ò˶þͻˡ
ַ彫ϢȥȻ˷ܡ
ܹ磬Ǻεȵ컯Ե
Ҳ⡣ˣܽ磬ĻԵ
ʵַ廹һû˵Ǿһ磬Щ˿ɾԶûлΪˡ
Ǳ֮ԶԶЩܱģַҲ˵Ҳû˻⡣
ҪԴڳѣεѣ
Դô꣬ôྪž޵ĴڣѵҲַֻһˡû˻ϣ翵ĳѡ
ʵʵ㣬ܹ磬Ҳ޳ɰ
ԺܲܳΪǾ͵ÿԵˡ
ַ彫׽ļ˶ӵ˾ʥоסԳ֣Ƕ׷ɱɰ˲ӦĻ
Ҳַ壬ķ˲֪ټƷԪԴӲ˶ɱɰ
׽ļˣķٶַ࣬Ҳϧ
ԴеǾ͵ÿԼˡ˭ܽ磬ۣһۼΪ˲пɱΪһȫɹһЩΣա
˿գԴڵԼе
Ҫ磬͵óеһգַһ·ҲһԵܲץסǾ͵ÿԼˡ
ַ壬ҲܽԴɱɰ˵ַˣǶҲԴ
⣬ԴһʥǣƶѹεôԴԴɱɰ
УֻܿԼ


1056 
ãã޼ʵĻһƬڣûй⣬ûпռ䣬ûʱлĽ
һλУ޷Ӧ޷ʵֻƾűһλǿ١
Щޡޣʵ١ΪЩޡڻޣľԼý
գ⣬һӰӿռһ
û뵽Һ񣬻Ҫߵһ
Ӱһ£һɫâǿһۣͷ·ļ¡һЩмʶߣԿԷǻޱȹϣͬҲպյĺ
񣬴ǻһֺջΣǻޣڻ羫õճΪ
ֻǣأһʵֲ㣬һλսȻȫˣжôֲ
ûֶͨΣҲӦֵܹһ
ڣȴããĻ򣬶л˵ǽеĽأһ룬ôͲˡ
ѵõʮǧ꣬ʵ̫̫ˣҲûȺûеӣȻһֻһǰ·ȴѾǾ
š
˵ʹĪ޷һĿǰĻ磬̫ƽˣҲ̫ȹˣûлԴʯǸͲܸһԶҲ޷Ϊʥ
൱ڶϾߵ·
ҲУͨҲãǶҲգʵ񣬾ǲġ
޷ΪʥǾû˸һĿܡ
޷ֻǻţôѾˡ
ֻд򣬴ţڻһͷĻ磬ִֻĻ籾ԴΪ֮Ҳǲܡ򣬳ΣգͬʱҲǻ
һ˿âѾ˼̫̫ˣΪ˺ܳ׼
ֻǴţУԶûٻ˭ܿ϶Ƕˣ
һǴ˻򣬵˻һͷأ
Իһͷ޵㽣ȻѾˣҲҪȥһ¡
ಣ
һͷޱȵĻ֮Сտʼ΢ӦһĻܵһĻ
ȥģҲӦ
ҺãΪ˽Ѿ˳׼ڻУ޷Ӧͨûʲôˣˣʱ䣬ͨҶͨ
ڻУͨҲܵκӰ졣
ǿݼŵģûпռ䣬ûʱĸƺôɣԭһԺ־ҲЩסˡ
Ѿʮϰֻ꣬мʱ
־εȼ㣿ããУҲЩֲסޱȵ
ţ⣬й⣿
Ȼ޾ĺڰ֮Уƺһââ΢޾ڰУȴǳĿ
й⣬漣ȴҲܲôˣĳǴ΢âķȥ
ˣ
͸ڰŴ죬𺳡
ǰֹһââҲʲôʯĹâһֻֻ۾ɢųɫĹâ
񿴵˫۾ˣȻһ޴ͷ­ţͷһһĽǣɡʮɸߣɢűŰϢ
ǺҲеϢһ㡣
Щţͷ˵ĹﱳһսһķɴããĻвϵĴš
ৣ
Ȼһεɨ˺ϡܺ޷ʲôȴȻ͵һ
á
ҪӴܣͷţͷȴһŭˣŭһ˾޴֣գͬץһֻСһ㣬͵ץ˺

һŭ㾡ȫͨ
ܶԷ˭еǴӻһͷǰʱںֻһս

䣡
ʼ½ԵĻյУһΰӰ޾Ļ٣һһ˿˿־١
ַ壬еľ
аأճ񣡡
УֳһӰȻԬɢ޾ϣĻһ
ڽգԬʮ£ڵõɾλ
ãԬһˣ㵮һλ񣡡
ַҲӻ˳¶һ˿ЦݣǷĵԬеˡ


1057 
ʱҵ֧֣ڶ̶̰ʱ䣬Ծţؼһɾ񣿡
Ԭַһ񡣶ַҲ󷽷һ
ȷԬ˵Դַ彫Դ氲׵ϰʱ䣬ַ嶼Ǵ֧Ԭ
ϾַѾ˳ԬϵĻ֮ۺ󡣹Ȼַ֧֣Դб£ʱ䣬ԬͲ̤˹ؼһɾ
Ƿǳؼģǰܻʢַ졣ǰͶߣֻ
ַҪĲ
һλ񣬲κҪõһλͶѡַ֪֮񲻿ǻˣΪ˵̫ûһλ
ַ죬Ҳֻս񣬲ƣû޷ټչ׳
ڲһˣ˵һλ񣬶һĸ᳤ʹһŽ֮󣬻˵ķչضֻһµ̨ס
ַ壬ҲԷˡ
պ󣬻˾ٰʢġ䡱ΪԬءʥǣʥǣҲһЩǰء
˴Ӵ˴ѳɣԬַλĳΪоصӴ
ַҲԳ׵ķģԬλԸǡ
ȥһˡ
ַʵʮǰȥ򣬱Ͼɾһξ롣лԴʯİַĻҲ񻹺Զ
ҪʵֻںϸĻ档
ֻϧ䣬Ի˵Ҳû޵κһֻ棬ĿǰַĻ棬ʮ֡
ʮֻ棬ַʥ壬ûκε
ˣַȥԴ̻ḱ᳤ᵽܹҵĻ档
ɲһĵطǶ룬пܻزˣַ˼˰ʱ䣬ĵԬΪ
ַѾû˺֮ǣǼ˻ǻˣԬտԷĵȥѰһ档
һΣأ㻹ǵСĽ
ԬǼַ֪Ŀ֮ˡ
Σգ˲֪˲ԬʵҲܵģַ£֪޷Ȱ裬ֻһ
İɣԴ̻ḱ᳤ĸӦǣЩҲռһֻϣΣգһһʱ䷵ء
ԬҲֻܵ˵ͷӦַտԼˣֱַϢĴռ䣬Żȥ

ಣ
ޱ޼ʵĻ⣬һȦȦĿռɢһӰӿռͨһվڻյС
ǻ򣿡
մӿռͨдַ壬ǰһĻ
һƬûпռ䣬ʱûУľУͬţ뺣һ㣬ʲôûз֣еֻǿյһƬ
ַ廹ȹ۲죬ûððʧʧĽ򡣼ȻҪַɲһȣֱӽȥˡ
Ƕ񣬽пһȥ˵ַˡ
ϰʱ䣬һֱռŹڻϣ˳׼磬򣬸ַռϣƺڻ磬ڻ֮⡣
ǻֹҲֻܷ䵽̵ܶľ֮ڡһЩ񣬸ոս򣬻ܸӦ򣬵һξ룬޷ٸӦˡ
˲²⣬ǻı߽硣һƬޱ޼ʵĺʲôûУ˵ˣûʲôԵ
Ҳ˲²⣬оͷڻľͷܴĻ磬һЩֻ
׵Ĳ²⡣
ֲֻ²ƺ΢һ㣬ʥ𶼲׽ڻʷУҲû˵ʥ
Щ˻ʥߣ߻ޣֱӾͶ˻ʥǶ׷ɱ
Ȼ߹Ҳ޷䵽֮С
ַ廹ڹ۲򣬸ռϸϣ򣬵ȴ˵ķˡ
ֻǣ˷صˣҲ޷Ƶͼ
ΪеһһƬڣܹƵͼֻһЩǸӦԪ̻ĸ᳤ˡ
ַҲϸԴ̻ĸ᳤ȷ򣬲ҽҴӻзء
ֻǣڻʲôԴ̻ĸ᳤ȴڲᣬΪء
ܸӦԼԼȷڻ֮С
ַó˸᳤ĸӦǣڻ֮УԼӦȷڻ֮УֻǷǳ޷ȷλá
һˡ
ַ˿ðյ׼ȻӦǵȷڻûʲôԥˡ
ಣ
ַ廯Ϊһ⣬ֱӷɽһƬĻС


1058 ĺ
ڵĻУַ޷շ򡣲ĸйٱɱΣʵĸйûбɱΣܹӦΧһС
Χһжʲôڰ޾ĺڰûκιߣһĹⶼûСҲûܵκ谭ɳͨ裬֮һƬڰյһƬ
ַ޷򣬶ǸûзܶһƬûκβα
ĸӦԽԽˣȥҼпʧ޷ص硣
ַȻͣüͷ塣
Ϊո᳤ĸӦǣһ·ڿûʱҲûпռ䣬޷ռ䴩󣬵ַٶȻ˺ܿͿ˱ǸӦ
ַ忿˱ǸӦȴһ⡣ԽǿǸӦڻĸӦԽԽ
ããһƬУ޷Ӧ򣬲ͨ޷ʩչҲ޷ô򵥡
Ҫǣ޷Ǿ޷ص磬鷳᳤ܹص磬Ҳãײ˻磬ĻǶ񣬿Ҳ޷ػ硣
ַ⣬ܾ޷ػˡ
ֻˣٶĻ棬޷ػ磬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
ַҡҡͷйǡȻЩðգûаգһյġ
綼޷ӦǾȥðա
ַڻǧ꣬еĵزлԴʯͨͨǳͨ衣
ðա
ȵȣ᳤һ¸ӦǣڶܸӦΪֲ¸ӦǣһֻҪܹӦıǣܻصӶӦ磬Ͳʧڻˡ
ַһ⣬ȷǸ취
ȵȣ뵽ְ취ѵ񣬾û뵽ְ취
ַ˼ǣԼİ취жôĸ᳤֪ӡǣô˾͸֪ӡˡ
Ϊλô£ǱΪеĽأʧһȥ಻Ϊ֪ء
ַַĻ˵Ļϣʵ̫̫ˡЩҷػߣҲǱտڲԣֻ͸¶Ϣ죬ܹط硣
ħڣ
ַٳǧħ

ǧħ񣬳˻֮СЩħ񣬽ֻ۷ڻ򻹺ܲӦҲûʲô̫Σա
ݼ񣡡
ȷɢȥ̽ܡס֮һҪϵӦһʱ䷵ء
ǣ񡣡
ǧħѸٷɢ̶ַ֣ǧħ񼴱վһַӦҲ᲻ϵı仯ⲻַɫһ䡣
ѵ˵ڻУ᲻ƶ
ַٻǧħϸһȻ²վŲ˫ĸӦҲڲϵı仯ʵλڲϵı仯
ԭһֱڱ仯ֻܿյһƬһƬڣ֮ǰַ嶼ûв
ַ¸ӦǣΪǣ¾һȥˡ
᳤ĸӦǣΪڻжܸӦҲֻ˵᳤µĸӦǣʵûоôңԶ
ڲϵƶô᳤ĸӦҲڲϵƶƶٶֲ̫죬ĳһ죬᳤ĸӦǻƶľ롣ʱ򼴱ǰҲܹӦ硣
ַԺֳһ⡣
ȷַ岻ֵȥðգʵ̫ˣǰȫΪء
ǣַһʱͺˣ뿪˻·ص˻֮С

ص˻֮Уַ峤˿ǻаȫУڻڣֲָƺûʲô̫ѹ̫Σգʱֹ¼ţѹ֣˱
־ټᶨҲС
ַڿĻϥ£ʼϸĸӦ᳤ĸӦǡ
һ졢졢졭
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ַҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬£һꡣĸӦУеĸӦǣͺ˳еһҶۣʱԶȥʱ
Ҳ֤ʵַĲ²⣬ȷʵڲϵġţϵı仯ţв򣬾пܳʧ
ַܸоӦǾʵܽûдﵽַеİȫ룬ˣַһֱûж
ˣˣٽһ㣬ٽһ㡭
ַţƬޱȵĻ


1059 ʬ
ৣ
ַ۾ڵз·һ˿ɫ
ڣ
ַûκԥڸӦǵλãޱȽʱһʱһԾͬһ㣬һͷ˻С

ޱȵĻַڶν뵽˻Уͺˮһ㣬ܵĺڰ޾˻ַǰ
ܶεַ壬˵ЮƬڲϵššֻܶǺڰ˲Ųײ
ԽԽǿˣڻ䷶Χ֮ڣԼǰ
ַǳ侲ôʱ䣬ڵȵôһǧѷĻᡣӦǵľ룬ǰδеĿ磬ַ˻Χ֮ڣܹĸܵ
ֻҪͻȻ֮䣬䣬ôܹӦ磬Ӷػ磬ʧڻ֮С
ˣˡ
ַҲ֪˶ã֪һֱڱ仯֮Уͺ񵱳ĸǵĵؿһʵһֱڱ仯ֻǷǳҲײַѾע˻ı仯ûκջ
̵ֻܹжڻĸӦӦôͻϷεж̷أðա
ĸӦУԽԽӦȴԽԽ
ţǰ棡
ַ͵̧ͷȻ֮䣬оӦǾǰ棬һҲĸо̧ͷʼɨܡֻǺ嫡һЩʵϾκε谭
ˣַ徫һɨ̾ɨ˻֮Уһ顰½ء
顰½ءƺֻƬûһ˿䡢ڰţиӦǣַ嶼ע⡣
ַ徶ֱ顰½ءһɨ֪̾½صĴСַľһ½Ҳʲô
½أֻ½ƬֻСͻ½ĴŰٷ֮һ浽ݺṵ֣ʯ飬ɢűŵϢ
ͺս½ƬĴһ
ûл½ַ岻ռУҲûйּء
һĴ½Ƭ֪ڻƯ˶ꡣżȻ䱻һλӶ
ַ弸ܡԲ᳤֡Ϊõ᳤ܹ֡ͻͽΪԴ̻ĸ᳤
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档
ַûǣеĿġغ򣬾Ϊһ̣Ŀľǻ档ȻܸӦ򣬵Ѿܵˡ
ңһֱ˭Ҳ֪һ̻ʲôطˣַ岻ҵ飬һʱ㳯ŵ᳤ĸӦǷȥ
ڵĻ½ַԾ֣ܹһǺֵģûֺ
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Ȼַʥ嶼ҵǷµĻ档ַȥȻǰ棬һİĻ棬ǻ档
ಣ
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Щʬȥãţͷ¹ֱֻۣ߳۾ʬޱȵľ޴ⶼʮɡ
ӴʬַȴδڻеֹޣַҲκ֮Ƶļء
Щʬʮߣ
ûϢЩʬǿ£ɢϢ¾Ͳѷɫ񣬶Ƕ֡
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أ᳤ΪٶȻص̽ȴԶû˻ᡣ
棬ö档
Ȼַ۾һһޱȾ޴ʬнɡͷϳһɫĶǣͷ­飬ֻһͷʬ
ʬڣȴһŵĻȼţƺʬڵĻ档
ַ弱æɵ߾޴ʬԣʬڣźֻܶ棬ͳͳǰûмĻ棬һʱޱȵϲ
һ֡֡֡ʮֻ棬һʮִδĻ棡
ַĿϲ
ʮֻ氡Ҫַ֪ĵλݣͻ磬ҲûҵκһµĻ档
أȻһӾͷʮµĻ档
ʬʲôӵʮֻ棬󣬻ûʧʵ̫죬̫ˡ
ʮµĻ棬ַ˵Ǿ޴ľϲĿǰʥ壬Ҳֻʮֻ档
һʮµĻ棬ôʥĻ潫ﵽʮ֡
һ㣬ܹﵽڶԲڶԲʮֻ棬һԲʥܣһֲĵز
ʮֻʥ壬Ҳͨ쳹أԶһֱ׷ͨҲһ
ûκԥַһӣҪʮֻ棬ָղһյͻϨ
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ַӦһҲûʲô̫ı䶯кܿ˾ʥ壬Ͼʮֻ棬һͲܡ
ֻнתΪԼ׵İ취


1060 ʬ֮
ַʥ壬Ѿһʮֻ棬ûһֻ棬ʥܶܶࡣ
ʮֻȫ뵽ʥ嵱Уʥ忰Ʒ츲ء
ַԻʥ壬ʥѾٶͣﵽ˿ֲʮɸߣһţһ½𵴡
ʮֻ棬޾գֻǻһʱˡַܹܵ˵ɲԶ
Щʬǻ֮
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һսЩ棬һսµģֶΡ
ʮֻУԼһ˿־ʱȥãѾ΢ɲˡ
Уиַָ֮˻棬ֻ棬ʥܹڶԲ
ˣַҲҪѰҸĻ棬½ƬѰ
ֻǣ½ƬַұƬ½ƬҲûҵĻ棬ǿصʬԼһЩսĲк
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磬ûʲôΨһġ
ַţĸеΨһ򣬵ʵأ棬ֱ಻ʤɳһ㡣
Դ棬ڳ֮ǰַų֮Ļܼӹء֮ŷ֣ԴֻССһ֮ذˣ嫻磬ǲޱ޼ʣ֪ôĺӴ
Ȼ֮󣬵ȴȻСûܹ˭ܱ֤ľͷû磿
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ôģĿǰΪַֹ嶼ûһͷޡЩʬ̺Ųѷ޵϶ַٶš
ǣ̵ַ棬ֺԶû߹ַ֣ҲеĻԴʯ¶
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˿̵ַ֮ĲֱǿˣģƺûŶ٣ƥȴĳַĸӦ֮С
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ַܿͷԭֻؽԵʡΪַûʲô仯˵仯Ǿֻֻؽˣһֻؽ硣
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ַʲôҲһֱۻմﵽʲô̶ȣַԼ
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ַڻдôʱ䣬ڻʥУַҲûҵκļءȥ̺֮챦ģЩʥ
ַֻԼŻԵɺ֮£ڳ֮ʱѾһ硣

ַһ濪ʼ½ƬеЩʬ

ʬַЩʬÿһ߶ǶĲΣ˵̺ſֲƻǻޡ
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ַѾ嵽жپʬˣֻܸܵţԭǧڹֱڸ
һǧһڹꡢһǧڹꡢһǧڹꡭ
ַҲ벻ٶȻô죬Щʬ̺ԶԶַϡ
ֱŵһǧڹ󣬾ͽͣ
ʵ٣ַӰѾǺܴԴֻؽֺ󣬳ƺ󣬾жǿַԼҲ
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һֱעı仯֮⣬ڸղţַ巢ֻؽ磬ƺͻȻ֮һ㶫


1061 
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ַоֻؽ磬ƺһ㶫Щ꣬һεֻֻܱؽ粶׽
ֺꡣֻؽ粶׽ȫһڻǵ顢ȵȣ֮⣬ֻؽ޷׽
Щꡱ٣ҶǲƵģӦΪĳЩԭ֮󻹲ʬ֮ڣ˵ͨˣҲ޷
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Ȼ鲻ڴϾڻгɾͣ¾ַֻؽ磬һתޣѼ䣬Ǿָܹ۷
ܴһòʧ
ˣûоԵıҪַ岻ûеֻؽֻת㱻ֻؽ룬ҲֻΪĥˡ
˿ЩꡱˣַҲû׼ǶֻءֻأЩ꣬ҲֻתһЩݲݣתΪǻĻ΢΢
걻뵽ֻؽ磬ַȴܽˡһЩ䡣
ৣ
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Щ꣬ԶǲƵģһ궼ûСֻܶ϶ֳһЩ仭档
ַ塰һʥ壬Ӵʥ壬ںڰУĻȼšЩ棬һʮ֡
ţʮֻ棿
ַһ֮ǰҵĻ棬ʮ𣿻˵ЩУޱȾ޴ʥ壬ʮֻˣ
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һĻ渡ַǰʥޱӴҲޱȵĿֲַ۹⣬ԷʥԻ֮ʵѾĿǰʥˡ
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ңڶ֮ȫˣʵֲ㣬Ѿ޵ĽӽˡǣͨͨԻǿֲ
ַ԰ݷúȡʮֻ档ֻϧƺʧˡ
ڣַȴ˺Ļ棬ڻ֮С
ЩĻУʩչͨﶼ˻ҽһͷ޴ţͷˣվһֱ֣˲㽫ĳ촷ۡһ飬ƺˡ
һĻַһ
Щʬǻеڻ֮⡣Сߣޣǿߣһɱ鶼𣡡
ַһЩļУѾ֪ࡣ
ѹǧʱ䣬û˵Ϣһ˿ټûСԭ˻򣬻Щ֮ĹѾˡ
ʱ䣬Ӧþǧڡʱ䲻㳤Ҳ̣ΪûڻмЩ
ˣޱ޼ʣǻʥ޷ӦЩսӦڻеײǧǰֻܹѾܽӽˣ˵һгһգֻܹ硣
ַһݣ֪Щ֮жǿһɱ鶼Щ϶ǡ
һֻ磬¶Ի˵һ£һƽ١

ַ忴ļ䣬־ԼЩˡ
ôǧʱ䣬Щûҵ磬Ѿʧ˻Ҳһ
οЩ֣ж񣬻лʥЩǿڣõַ嵣ģ
񣬷İɣڻ֮ս䡣˻棬ҲǼ̳ĴгһЩеĹҶ㱨𣡡
ַţƺڤڤ֮УʮֻҲӳ׵뵽ַʥ֮ڡ
뿪ˡ
ַջ棬½Ƭ棬յһƬҲûʲôˡǣַһӦ׼ص硣
ո뿪½ƬȻַ巢ڵĻУԼǵĹâ
й⣿
ַһݣУռ䶼ûУôй⣿


1062 ֮ս
УһƬڵĻ£ȴʵĹ⣬͸صĺַ忴ˡ
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ַһⰡûпռй⣿ֱЩԾЩⲢǰ׹⣬ǻɵģһ˿Ѫɫ
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ַǣâûǰҲû뿪гһ⣬ʵ̫ˡַھҲԶʲôΣգҲܼʱص֮С
ǣַԭأĵȴϸ۲졣
ʱƣַ巢ǵƺԽԽˡ
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ַҲ׼ϵĻȫʥһʱܹţԴͨʥҲһ٣ٻ֧סһʱ䡣
οҲû߻ַ廹иǿ棡
˵ַҲԵ
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1063 ħŶ
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ַĶ֣ͷϰɸߵľ͹ЩԲˣ޴ϳһ˿˿ƣƺСٳɶ࣬һܶɺصơ
ԷѾ·ˣ˵һͷϰɸߵľ͹Ҳûжʵ

ַ˫ֺȻϱΪ޴ḥ̂ݺݵѹ£ϰɸߵľ͹Ҳ¶һ˿־֮ɫ
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֪ʲôʱ򣬻УһССӰӰĺСЩͨߣȴһƬƬɫۼףͬħһ
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ġħƺо͹ﶼˣѪɫ۾Уɢһ˿˿ŰϢ
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أ
ַ屻ǰĹһȭҷɣʥ嶼Щ֧Ųס
ôܣ
ַúܳԾЩʵôһӶͻͽ
ݣ
ַǵϸӰٴγַ֣ͷֳһɼΣյĸо

ûжԷֻǺݺһץĺ󱳾ͳ˳Ѫۣʥ嶼·Ҫ
񣿡
ַһ񣬶ԷһǶ񣬻˵ӵŶʵ
Щ͹ƺֻǶԷѱĳֳˡ
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ַĶŶԷֱڶԷԺκ飬ֱܹӰ취
⸽ĻеߣԹ־ܣǰǵĻ磬
ԷҲһ
ţȥǵĻ磿
ַһĲԷ͸¶ϢԷ磬ڲԶôûҵ
ˣһ޷Ӧ򡣻̽鷽ʽûлĸӦ޷ҵ硣𣬿ҲսҲԸ·
ַͷ
ӣûκԥַһʱӡ
ֻҪܹӻػ磬ôЩֻܼڻдԶҲҲ硣
ַոն͸оޱȵճһεĴԼס
ЩߵĻ֣ǶʵӲǽ磬Բ
Էִһƺɱַ壬ַֻ塣
·
ַһ˿â
ԸҲԸ⽫Ⱥ磬οַ壿
һַ̣ԺиֳӰΣʱ̡Ҳû˸ѡ
潵٣
䣡
ûκԥַ潵ˣ˲佫Բﶼͳͳסֱֲ֮ѹЩ͹
أ
ȾЩ񱩵ľ͹ʮɸ߻ʮɸߣϰɸߣֻҪ֮Уһǧڹֱ֮˲ͽѹ촷ۡ
һ˿˿ֻؽУֻؽҲڲϵ׳
ͬħĿֲɫ䣬˹ڷŭţ΢ĻߣŭΰŶŶӡǣͷ籩һС
ġħ￪ʼ߶
ַǿǿͨҲסѹ鲻֪ܷ⣬ͨ͵סַ˿̵档
һ棬ʵ̫ǿ̫ǿǿĶַֻؽ磬棬淢ӵܣֹǿʮ
Щ񱩵ľйֵסַѹ׷ױѹ촷ۣΪΪ
ԳơŶȴӲסѹʩչֶΣСڣȻ䱬һɿֲ
䱳󣬸ֳһ޴ӰŹӡϢ·Ϊϵ̫ħһ㡣
Ӱһַ֣涼ھҵ𵴡


1064 
ʲôǿƺȱ˺ġ
ַһԷǵӰַ嶼оһӰƺĳֹɣַһ۾ͿǶԷĺġ
ַս棬ԷҲżˣƴˡ
ַ岻֪Ŷʲôչֳʵȷʵ񡣵еĶͬԷƺȱĳֺġ
ȻǿҪ˺ַ棬ǲһЩ
ѵڻĶ
ַһܸܵǵӰУ̺عֻϧЩعͬ޸֮ˮ޷עܴ
֮ѹ
ַҲԥ˶Էʵ̾͵֮һѹŶ
¡
ֲķ籩ŰţӰͷŵķ籩ϯ棬淭츲أǿն顣
ַ˵ʵ˴šû̫ˣֻҪû˺棬ֻؽ棬磬Բϵѭá
֮Уַͼ޵УǶַţֻҪԷ޷ַҲ
ûãǿһݾһݣ޷ٲ䡣
ַԷѾԽԽˡ
ԶԨҵĶħԨλħᱻֻСĳס
ħŶǳŭֻϧʩչ޷˺ַ档ֻҪַôŶֻܱѹ
ģŶҲΪַ̣֮˲ѹͬʱַǵһʱ䣬Żȥ
ڸղţԽԽսһΣոо֪ЩսУܴŸӿֲĴڣȫԸˡ
ˣֻӡ
ַ巴ӦѸ٣ʩչҲǵʯ䣬йԼŶѹ󣬵һʱͳŻȥûЩսʱ䡣
ˣȵЩսӦʱַѾʧ˻С
ಣ
ڣַ̤˻֮УԶ򣬸̺ܵĺַŽ긦¡
ѹŶַо·𱻶ˣĿ⣬ַڻоȫϣҪԶԶַĸо
Ŀ˳ַ֣ǿʮҲᱻ˲á
Щʲôˣ
ַµԶĻããУҪҵ½ûиӦǼǳ롣
Ҳ˵׼Щսڻдã˵ã˻硣ϾЩսѾܽˡ
ַ⵽һգúһ׵ķ漴ʶ浱Сʱ棬Ѿ츲أĴսŶƻòӣȴûжʧ
һôľ͹ַˣֱѾﵽǧڹꡣ
֮ǿַ࣬עȴЩԳǶħŶ
ŶǵʲôΪҪѰһ磿
ַԻһ浱УֻǻҲܵûʲô
һԡ
Ŷڱ֮ѹȴʲô˵Թۡ
ţɱ㣿
ַЦһʼӴ֮ѹֵǣԷһѹ촷ۣǹȴɴڡ
Ŷһɣ֪ߡλħԨ޷ĥҵ񡣡
ôԨ񣬾ԨΪ۵ģ
ַ˼ЩֻƬʵѾܹõϢˡ
⻹ԶԶҪŶĿ֪࣬ϸϢǾͱӵɱŶֶΡ
˵ҪдŶ
֮Уֻ֪ؽΣ
ַһ̽ŶŲƵֻؽ硣
Ҳַֻλܹ֮Ľֻؽ磬ֻܹؽ
ֻؽ磬նǻɵģꡣ֮ǰŶɵƻ꣬ڵȴתֻء
Ŷ񣬲꣬ˣֻؽҲ޷룬ַԶ֣ȴֱŶ뵽ֻؽ統С
ֻ֮ĥ𣡡
ַֻؽ磬ʱֻؽصֻ֮ʼסŶ񣬾ͬĥ𸱻᳤һʼĥŶ
һ
տʼŶȻ⣬ֻ֮ԽԽӴ󣬶ֻصĴԽԽ࣬൱ھֻغʼɶ
ô۵ԨԨĹôĥ𡭡
ŶʼżˣܸоϵԨѾʧһԨ򳹵ʧôλħҲҪȥ
֮ǰŶ޿֣ѾȻ޴档
ס֣ס֣֪ʲô˵ͳͳ˵ΰŶʲôԸ˵
ŶڲλħҲ


1065 Ŷ
ܺãң
ַҲûҪɱŶ˼ղŽֻвҪɱҲҪõõϢŻᶯ֡
ŶѾֻһһʮ˵Ԩ
Ԩ
ԣԨںеһӴ硣ǵĻһǶں֮С
Ҳڻ֮У
ַܳԾΪڻռϣԶԻΪ˵Զġ
أ
ŶĿУַȴõ˽ȻͬϢǻҲãԨҲã޾ĺ֮УԨ֮ΪԨ򣬻罫֮Ϊ
˭Ҳ֪жôĹдһһ磬һ㣬ԨԶȻ֪ĸࡣ
˵Щΰʥֻ֪߲֪ͨˡ
ԭǴں֮С
ַ˶٣Ȼġʵ漴ʵǼȻԨеôãã֮УһѰһ磿
Ŷ̾һкγ뿪Ԩãã򣿵ȴûа취ǵļ԰ˣԨѾƣֻӽ֮УӲд
ŶҲûԨĹ¡
ԭŶڵԨǳأһ磬ڻ硣Ŷ˵ԨһλԨ֮֮ΪħԨΰĴڣͳԨһС
൱ڻеʥһԨƣôħǱ㲻
ԨڲͬԨ֮ϣеԼϲ磬Ǹλһ壬˴˶ֻϵ
ÿ綼λףλ֮λ֮硢ԼԨ˴˶սݡ
ֱĳһ죬̽ʱһں硢ԼԨ֮Ϊħ
Щħʵǿеħ֮Ԩ硢֮УܵӳֵףҲЩħ֮Ķ֡
ǣ类ơԨռҲ֧顣硢ԼԨʼڽʣǿߵĴ֮£˺֮С
Ҳ˵ŶЩԨħѾΪߣããвϵˣûϢ֮أҲ޴޷ԴʵֻԽԽ
һֱҲ磬ôЩԨħȺҲͻʧΪããеһ֡
ԣŶ˲ôȵҪҵ磬Ǿ˺֪⸽һ硣
ֻ޷Ӧ磬һֱڸѰңȴһֱûҵ硣
ΰ˵Ѿ˵ˣܷңģӽԶҲ֪
ŶС̬ȼǫ˵
ŶŶЩħթޱȣҿ㻹ʵʵĴĳһ죬ܷɡ
ַҡҡͷֱӽŶŶṩϢΪãպõŵʱˣַûнɱѹ
棬ŶҲʲôˡ
ŶĻַڻ硢µʶ۽磬񶼱Ȳַˡ
һֱ綼һ֡ġĹ۵㣬Ҳ˵ԻΪġձĹ۵㣬ֻһǻľͷ飬Իǿ
أ
ַ˽⵽򲢷ǻľͷޱ޼ʣͻƣǿһƬ
磬ʵڻ֮аˣĴţֻǻУһ΢硣
Ԩ磬ÿһҪȻһ㣬һȴʮλףҲʥĴڣԼ޵еġ
ַ磬սǺεȵĺΰ
ˣȴΪڻУһֱ֮ΪħͱˣڵֻܹӲдӽãã֮УΪ
û˱ļӳ֣Ŷλħʵ񡣵뿪Ԩȴַ嶼ܽѹ
ǱҵģַЩԨħкһЩпҵ硣
ƴһУռһ硣

ַҡҡͷߴʥѹţڻ֮У޵УûʲôõĵġοЩԨħǣܲҵ綼˵
ȥˣΣգûбҪǲҪȥðա
ַҡҡͷ֪˻Σգȴ˵иΣա
пΪ֮֡
ַҲԥӰһ˿ռͨųʼ½ȥ


1066 ̤һ
ַ巵˳ʼ½ûκŶ£ûڻеֻǴռһЩϡ
һ˿˿
һЩȽϹؼĻϣͳͳʧл˵ĵ飬ָ˸߸ϵĻʥ
ҲֹһλʥλʥִݻЩϡ
ⲻַһݣʥǲ֪֪࣬Σ
˴ֻţʲôҲˡ
ַ岻ʥǵļƻҲΪֹûټˣǿʼǱСֻ棬ܽʥڶԲԤУǵڶԲʥܹһŴͨ
ֻǣֻɲôռģַҲʲôϣǽķ棬ԼĻϡ
ŻԴʯַûʲô⣬Ҫʱˡ
ؼַͨɾʵ׾٣ֻǳΪһʥ壬кã
٣һŶԼĴͨ
ÿһλҪΪ񣬶ֻ򣬳֮⣬ͨһͨΣôһͨǲܣһԾΪ
ַ岻ΪһΪͨǶ˵ûκ塣Ͼ⿿ʥ壬ַʵѾ޽ӽˡ
ҪһŴͨԼĴͨÿһλ󣬶ؾ·Լͨ
ʵǡõҵԼĵܹõΪ
ַϸ䣬ԼĻѧԴѧͨ
֣ȫϸһ顣
ĻԽԽ࣬ԽԽƣַҲѾоˣƺǰһܹһȫµľ硣
ֻǣһȴһȥǾԶҲȥ
ַҲûżڵʵֻ΢ѷɫڶˣʥܹҵȫµĻ棬
οַ廹棬Ǹ
ַѹŶ˽ԨԼϵпࡣʥ޷Щϵһȴԡ
ΪֹŶӡУҲû˵˭ܹӵһ磬˵һˡ
ַ棬һȫµ·ǻʥҲ޷ַָ㣬뿿ַһһǰ
Ŷַĸı棬ֻؽ硣ַѾֻؽãֻؽУٳһѺЩ񼫣׼ꡣ
˵Ŷȵȣ༫ΪĥĴڣڵУܱѹҵУӴֻ֮תһһĥ顣
һγɣŶֲѣԲҴڵС
ַ廹֣棬һ֡ӶʽķʽԽǡӶᡱ꣬ԽǳɳĿ졣
Ҳܺ浱С
ַŶսʱѹЩԨڵ棬ִ꣬ǿֻؽ硣ʹֻؽ綼һЩı仯ĥŶĶħ񣬼ֱ׾١
˵ֻؽмġԡɰٴܹѸٵһЩ仯ַ治ɻȱһ֡

תʱš
ַûôйʱҴҶһû뿪ʼ½һֱǱ
ʱ˵ֱָһ˲߱۾۾ֱֵ꣬һᡣ
ַ˵ʱȴѵõʱ䣬仹Ǳޡ
һЩҪϢ绥ʱ̶űʥǵԴֻϧԴƺˣʱ䣬һû뿪ʥǡ
ԴˣַҲ⣬Ժлᡣ
ǱԼУֻѾĲˣۺԼУڻԴʯİ֮£ܳͨҲơ
һַ֮ͨΪԪ磡
Ԫָ󣬰һУһ֮ʼ˼磬磬ɵ˼ַǱĿޣԼ·ϵһУץסԼص㡣
ַصʲô
Ǿ棡ƿһУǴ֮񣬶ڸ淨Ҳ¯࣬ȫ棬ûκζ̰塣
ַҪܳͨҲˣܳԪ磬лʵĳЩܣһʩչͬһ磬ɹأȫûκζ̰塣
Բַּ
ңҪǣһԪͨҲֻͨô򵥣ϣֻһܸͨߣǿͨʵҲʲôඥ˴ͨ
ǣͨʵΪ졣ַ棬ʩչԪ磬ǲԪ磡
ʱжǿַԼҲ
ͨͨ
ַ岻߹ַ֮ǲ׵ʩչԪͨ
Ȼͨ棬ڻУԪͨҲʩչ˿Ӱ졣
ַǱĳɹ
ڣǵ˼ɹʱˣ̤һַͽΪ


1067 Ӧ
ĸףܳɾ𣿡
˵ɾҪǻۡԵҪԼܹͨɾȴָ
ͨɾϼѣÿһôһܳΪ񣬶ҿ϶ͨ˵һԾΪ񣡡
ˣˡ
ʼ½˿ַ˳ʼ½ĻУԼʵǻ˵ĺĳԱ¾ͨԱַ֪ѾǱʱ䡣
Ϊ򣬳ɾ
û˭ţַ޷Ϊһλպ޵ն޷Ϊ𣿿ǲǸЦ
˶ڲ²⣬ַ嵽ʲôʱΪ
ڣȻʱˣ
ৣ
УӰ˸ΨһһλԬĿдһ˿˷أ̷ԸȥƬţǰ񣡡
ǵģʵַԬõġ
ַԼΪʵûʲôѶȣԬʵϸˣַλ޵ɾⲻһܺõʱ
һá
ַôƽϥڻ֮УʲôҲû˵۾ɫƽʱ

ʥǣǾʥסĵطʥȵļλܹסûܹ
ৣ
Ȼʥһֱյ۾ˡ
ϼ
žʥһһɫۣӱϹϾ˽
ʦк·Ըӣ
λӣȻǾʥΪصĵ֮һϼ񣬱Ƕ񣬶һŴͨʵ֮ǿжΪǿĴ֮һ
ϼϲҾʥֽһλˡ
Ŷʦ˵˭
ǸСһַ壬ѾԲɾˣǰȥɡ
ϼһַ֪ģ޵ͷʹšˣϼʵҲû⣬޵ܱ֤ͨ
ֻж֪ͨжôѡ
ʥķԸƺַһܳɾͶ񣿶ңƺʥ𻹶ַ弫Ϊء
ȥɣַ彻ãСһǱ
漴ʥ۾ϼ񾡹ĵɻȴҲҶʣ漴ĸȥ
ȵϼº󣬾ʥų̾һСһϣҪҵʧͨҲ֪ܲܳ֡

ڤʥǣڤʥ͵۾
ϼڣ
Ӱݼʦ𣡡
ϼһλΪ񣬼ΪеһŮ񡣵Ȼû˭СϼΪһŮ񣬲ΪΪʵʥĵУϼ񶼿ǰé
ϼ޵ַ弴ɾǰȥ񡣽ֻȥ
ڤʥһָɵ˳ϼС
ϼмΪ𾪡
ַ޵ͷȻַҲʦʥôӰɣ涼ַ塣
Ҫ֪ʦϲĵӶµΨһ֮ʮ棬ȴַ塣
֪ڤʥ뷨ϼҲԴ⣬ֻ
ûѾʥͨ˰ɣͨôףȻΪʦҲûɹַ壬ʲ㣬ΪʦܰҲôˣϣԸɡ
ڤʥҡҡͷӶ֮ڤʥеʹʹǧꡢ꣬Ҳ޷ͻ

ʥǣԴ̻ᡣ
סԴ̻ᣬԴ۵⣬ǶԴһ鱦
ԴΪ˻ʲô۶Ը⸶Ըʮһ鱦ҲҺԴ鱦Ĵʦ򣬽治һԸȡ
᳤᳤ˡ
ȻԴ̻һλǰ
£
Դ鲻ãƾ˭ڻʥǣһҪÿƻ鱦鶼̫á
᳤Ǹ޵ַ壬ǰȥҪɾˣ
ʲôַɾ񣿡
Դɫһ䣬·šʵܶ˶ַ壬ַ֪ʱպ̺̣ܶܶ϶дܡ
Σ
ַ֮ʱѳɣ˶񣬺˸˵ѹַ壿
Դɥһַһֱ޵лᣬ취Ըַ塣
أ
һַɾǱлΪ񡣵Ǹʱ򣬻˭ԸԸַ壿Դһڱʥˡ
ȥַɾҪ֪һУ
Դҧгݡ
ãȥ
ַҲܸȤ޵ɾȻͬСɡҲûκιǣֻ벽ܳΪ֮ͨ󣬶ݺᣬη塣
ǣӰһѾռ䣬ųʼ½ȥ
޵Ϣ˲ʹʥǣǶҲãЩҲգܺ档
ַλһ޵γɾֺܳͨε죿
ǣ񶼲Ըһʢ£ûнӵ룬Ҳ׷ǰʼ½


1068 ʼˣ
ʼ½ɽ˺
һʱ䣬ǰ˳ʼ½³ʼ½ޱȵ֡Ͼ˲ûƻǰһЩǰ
ܹĿһλһܹն޵ɾ񣬿κԸǰĻ󣬴˾ûһˡ
ǰ١
ȴʱûС
Ӱ㣬ټЩԬٳŻ˵ˣҲ˲ͨ񣬵Ǿͼһˡ
ַ嶼ûмκһλԬȻҲ޷뵽һλǰ
ˣ
Ȼгһռ
λ񣿡
˲²⣬ԬڳɣõʵôλѾ벢ˣҲпܡ
ռͨڴϢЩ̫ͨ
ಣ
һӰӿռͨڿԽ
˭
Ԭüͷȫʶλ
ǰһЩ񣬿Ӱʱ͵һ·𲻸Ƶġ
ϼ񣿡
ʲôϼ񣿡
ܰɣϼǾʥĵӣǶ񰡣Ҳǰ񣿡
˶ţԽԽ֤ʵϼݣ˲Ľܡ
һλ񣬲ѪԵ޹ǰ
ַ޵ͷ󣬵岻˶
ϼݡλܲһ㣬ǾʥĵӡǷţַѾ˾ʥķۣ
ԬæӭȥϼΪǰΪ˸Ҫ֮ꡣ
йҪ
ϼЦЦ䣬ȻһȦȦĿռٴγ֣߳һλŮӡ
˳죬·𲻸Ƶġ
ŮӣѾˣ˲֪˲ڤʥĵӣϼ
ϾŮ񣬱ϡ٣ȻҪϼˡ
ϼϼ˵ͷҲʶǻʥĵӡԬӵ˳ʼ½ҲͶԬʾ⣬ˣ˲̫ԶȻûʲô
˵ĿĶַ壬ǣʼ½󣬱㽫Ŀ˻յеַˡ
ϼϼĵ˶𺳡ΪλĿλʥѵλʥ𶼺ַ壿
һʱ䣬ֲ²ⶼУҲƸʢ
һУַ֪ȴûᡣһֱ𣬵״̬ʵϳɾ񣬶ûʲôѶȡ
Ҳ֪ķѪͨԪ磬ʲôͨ
ַףԪǱҲҪɾʱ֤һ
ˡ
ַ۾ޱȵƽ

ˣ˿ַ۾žһ˿˿΢嫻磬ʲô΢磿
һĻ򣬻۵һġ
ӴĻ򰡣Ѿʼˣ
˶ԴĿڴĿַ塣λʷһλ޵ɾ˵ļ֤֮£Ѿʼˡ
һĵ
Ļʼһ𣬽ӳڻСַͷͱ
ַͬͥɢ㣬Ļ֮С
һЩѾ΢΢۾ЩǶͳͳˣǳɾǵĻַͨԼͨ
ʥ壬ַ޷ɾġ
ŻԽԽַ࣬ȴûж
ô£޵ôûܳͨ
ѾôˣţͨԽĻ򣬾ԽǸӣȴһԽǿִһͨǳֲ
֪޵ܵʲôͨҪô𣿡
ôĻ򣬿һܳͨˡһڴ޵ֱͨΪڿǲһЩ
ٺ٣ǳߣ϶ΪͨΪͨڽʱͨ޲ǸʱĴڡ޵ȻǿҲǿʥͨĻϣԼĴͨѣ
ǰʥǿɾȴʥ޹أֻܿԼ
ַٳûܳͨ۵ĻȴԽԽ࣬˶۷׷ַ޵ţΪ档
˵ĽʣҲܡ
ڿЦʹַΪ񣬵ûָѹһеƣεĹ񻹻ΪЦ
ܶ˶ַڴڴֱͨȴЩ̫ʵ޵ǿͨͨ
ֻϼԼϼüͷ΢ɲһ塣
Ƿʦǰλʥ𶼺ַ塣
λʥַ壬˵ϲͨӦúǿǣڿַͨҪȻˡ
ʦҪʧˡ
ϼ΢΢ҡҡͷԱ߳ϼı飬ƺҲһַЩʧַı֣ʹҲλʥ˵ӡ


1069 ǧ
ϼҼǵõֱӽʱ˴ͨ˻硣
ϼЦ˵
ϼ䣬˵ʱ䣬һͨ츳ԶԶȲ϶ʦ֡
ϼһݣҲ˵ͷǰԲǧʱ䣬һͨ츳֮ߣھŽѣ䣬»ԴʯܳΪڰλʥ𡣡
˶٣ϼ˵޵Ҳǳˣ֮ǰն̵ʥ֮ͨӦҲʳɫ֮ͨҲпܡ
ϼһʥǶʦҲǻԵɺϣ㲻ʲôֱͨҲǧʱˡǧʱ޳Ѿ൱ͨ
ϼҡҡͷƽʦֶ񣬵Ƕ񣬱Ϊ츳ѣҲǧʱ䣬ͨ
ַǧʱ䣬Ŷ񴴳ʥ壬ͨϼͲš
ϼ΢΢һЦڳϼеġޡϼȻ֪ô¡׿һУʵַͦ壬ϾܹնҲַֻˡ
λʥַ壬ȴϼ˼⡣

ڱĻһսڻдš
ŶʧˣܣԨﶼ¾һգ
ûв´ӦþǰλڵĻйء
λ񣬾Ǵһֳһλںпɲ»Ǹ
ϸѰңһһѰҡѾ̫̫ˣһĻԨħһ壬¾ͽʧںˡ
սУλħǣڷ׷׵ۡ
Ѿ̫ʱ䣬һζʲôǸһд۶ܷĿꡣ
ãã磬ҪѰһ磬ѣǻûκε꣬ҲûκθӦ
ħ£ܸӦŶ𣿡
ȻжħףΰԨ֮ѯʡ
ħĸߴɢ޾ԨֲϢ
ŶΪλħԨ֮ϵϴδսͻȻʧˣûκϵ಻֪޷Ӧ
ħûа취Ӧ
Ǿûõİ취ˣֻԨɢȥѰңһֱڱ仯ҵһ磬֪ǸҲѡϣһЩ
ħ䣬ΰԨ֮ȴ͵۾
ৣ
һɿֲͬɽԨƣͬ籩һ㣬ϯս
жħǶޱȣԨħһŭǾԨħǵѡ
ҵˣҵˣһ֧ԨСӣһͷޣһİ硣
Ԩ֮Ц
ģΰԨ֮һ磬Ǵ½Ƭ
ħ£ں̫Ĵ½ƬЩޱӴһһǵþȥȷһ
ЩԨ޶һȺûǻۣĹޣǿɲ֪½Ƭ𡣡
Ԩ֮뵽ǰҲ˵ͷãǾһǰȥ
ǣսѸٵת򣬴صԨ֮ڣжħǶܹǰһֵˡ
磬϶磡
򰡣ôôģѷɫǵԨ
ΰԨ֮ǵִĵڶ磬ڲڻˡ
жħۿƬһĶ۾ޱȵ˷ܡں˺ܾúܾã̫̫Ķħ
ħʧȥģҪˡ
ȴͻȻҵһ磬ͬԨ磬ܲ˷ܣ
ϢħϤ
ˣϢ뵱λƣĪǾڵ磬磿
ħѾ˲²⡣
ǰ˵ħħЩͲסˡ
磬ˣ
Ԩ֮һ£սԨޣħƵģź嫵Ļȥ

ǧ
ַϻԽԽĻ򣬵ÿһλ֪ʵֻǧϸֵĹ򣬵ʵǧ֮¡
Ҳ֮Ϊǧ
ַ棬Ϊַ֮ƺҲֻǧƺڤڤУĳЩɡ
ҲãҲգֻǧ
ҪΪ񣬾͵ǧ򣬶ֻǻеĻַܳͨˡ
ַĻһ񣬱ǶûܳͨûҲɾ
Ԫ磡
ַͺһһֱܵͨһڻչ֣


1070 Բɾ
䣡
ַΪģͷ·һһ㣬һ󣬵ֳźƴʥϢ
ʲôͨ
˶ľѡ
Ϊǿ򣬾Ȼʼ˸Ͷ뵽֮ͨУҪ֪ǳɾĹؼʱ̣˵ܳͨǾͳɹˣʵʡ֤һ
ֻܳ׵ɾ
һ
һĻ򣬶Ͷ뵽ͨʱǸֻͨһ㣬ͬ˭Ĳһ㣬ѸٵɢƺƵɢſֲơ
ǡСͨ
ڽֻС֮ͨϢǿڲַͣͣɶٵ򣿡
⵽ʲôͨ
֮ǰʧϼ񡢳ϼһҲɫǳϼԭǡϡַģЩƫ
ڣһһĻͶ뵽֮ͨУɫҲ۹⣬ȻַܿĴ㡣
ǡôֱʣôҰģǧһʦ𵱳Ҳû˴Ұġ
ϼҲ˳ַ뽫ǧһȻǧһͨҲƽģûκζ̰塣
˭ܼԦסǧ
ϼɫҲΪأ˵ͷַ廹ȱʦָ㣬ǧǧ֪жԸˡͨھڶ࣬ҪȫԦǧͨѣϼѡԭΪɾ׾٣û뵽Ұ֮󣬿³ɾˡ
λʶ㣬Ȼַ֪˿ǧġա̫ˣǲɹͳʡ
Ƕַ̫壬ʹ츳ǿĶҲûɻǧϾǧͨҲһǿͨûбҪ
ҪͨʺԼͨԼͨǿͨ
˶֪ʵԪ磬ַͨ
ַһ·棬ԲοǧַҲйƵľǾ棬Ҳǧ
һĻ򲻶ϵͶ֮ͨУ˶ַ֪Ұġ
һٵٵٵİٵ
ַͨϢԽԽֲԽԽʱ˵ȴˡַ֪Ұġ
Ҫǧ
ֲֲ̫ˣǡǰδе׳ٰ
һɹǿ϶ǴͨҲкܴʲɹʵ̫ðˡ
ٺ٣ǧͨܲǿͨȴһԲûж̰ͨ
޵񣬵ȷ
λͬ󲿷̾ΪַֹǧԹû˭֮Ļ֮ͨС
ЩǣȻ˷ܡΪ벻ɣ޹ءǻˡϼˣһȴܵġ
ԬҲǰòųΪȻ֪еŵԬɾҲֻһֻͨ˳Ϊ
ַȴҪǧһǾͨ
ʵ̫ˡ
ַĵ˭Ҳ޷Ȱ裬ַֻܿԼڤڤУԬҲţַ岻ôðʧȻԼһְա
λͬԬǰ
ԬҲַ֪徿ʲộȷͨһܹɹ
˿̣ͨؼʱ̵ַ壬ȴһƬƽʮ˻̫ðˣ̫ˣҰĲǧͨ
ͨԽԽǿɷϣԽ࣬ͨԽȫ棬ǱҲԽ
ο˭˵Ԫ粻ַ
Ԫ磬ַģַʮİգΪԪģ壬ʵ氡
һ棬ַ嶼ܿοͨ
һ졢졢졭
ַͨķʱܳķʮʱ䡣ʮʱ䣬ԽԽ߻ַۣ廹ܸоڤڤ߹ƺԼ
һݣ֪λʥĿˡ
η壬صĺܺãʥ޷ͨ񣬸ʮİա
ڣʮʱһǧҲԪͨС
һ̣ǧȻԪ˲š
䣡
ֲͨϢƺƵɨ˷У·𿴵һҫ۵ǳȽȽɢ޾ϡ
ǳϼϼڵͨƺҲ
Ԫ磬
ַͬһ㣬ޱ飬һָԪͨΪһԲ̣ڽַڡ
ʱַоǧںʸڻ򣬸̣ÿʱỵ̈о֮ǰޱȵ׽
Ͷ䣬ַ籩׻һ½֮䣬ܴκεط
ԣҲûܡ

ַ壬˿̶̲ס쳤Хһڻпǧأ˷״½ʥ޴½Լʥֵĥѡ
ǹԲɾ


1071 Ԫͨ
ˣĳɾˣ
Ժͱˡ
ףûʲôţ֮ǰ޵ǿǷţܲܽ޵ɣôඥ񣬾ǴͨҲԶԶ޷֮Ϊ޵񡣡
ٶ̫ˣŶûд
˸߲ңַͺǵżһַɾ񣬶ҡԪ硱ͨɢϢļ¡
ʣһǴͨ
Ҳ˵ַɾֱԴͨɾ͵Ķĸʱַ¼Դˡ
ãӴǻһλˣ
˵˶˷ܣ֮ǰԬΪ񣬵ַֻͨǿʼ붥һ֮
ڣַɾ񣬻Դͨɾ͵񣬻˴Ӵ˳Ϊж֮һƺҲˡ
ϼϼɫӡ
û뵽Ȼĳɹˣʢ֮ʿλ޵Ǳޣ
ѹܹõλʥĿأȷڲͬ
Ǹ߰ϼ񣬴˿ҲòޣַȷǳϡԻǧһŴͨ
ҲͨΣ׳پͲʲô˶ġƹĵһˣ
ַɾΧһƬ֮
֪ΪΣַȴо߹УԼ䴫һ̾Ϣ
⣿
ַüͷ΢壬֪λʥҲڹעԼڣ߹ȴλʥĿҲѾջأƺ⡣
ѵǾַûͨ
˭ͨ
˿̣ڤʥǳ̾һǧǱǸߣվûͨ
Ը޷óԸˡ
ʥҲ˵ͷ֪ڤʥһֱԸҪһͨĵ仹ַôһλ̳ʥߡ
ϧǣַȻѾ㹻ɫ㹻㣬ʷϣѾҲλַˡ
ַվûͨ޷ڤʥԸ
ַܺǿ
ǿҲǶˣʥ˵ʥ£ϣûʲôùעġ
ַ岻֪λʥ뷨ȴԼܵλʥƺʧ
ಣ
ϼϼ񶼷ַ塣
ϲͨɾ˶񣡡
ϼЦ˵
лϼǰ񡣡
ϼ򵭵˵ҷʦ棬ʦҽ㡣Ҳһ䣬ʥǶʦһֻ߳ԼĵԼͨ
˵꣬ϼֱӾ˿ռͨʧ
⡭
ϼҲ뿪
ַ忴е棬תͷҲףΪڤʥˡ
ڤʥһʧˣûͨ
ַ˼ʥ壬Ѿʥڤʥϲĵӣ
Ҫʥͨĵزʧˡڤʥһֱչزܳһͨο
ֻǣʥֻܣҲ޷ܳͨ
ַҲףڤʥǽϣԼϣֻϧԪ磬ȻǴͨǺȫĴͨպǱڤʥʧ
֮ǰ߹ӦþڤʥʥûͨǶʧ
ַֻԼԪǺεȿֲԶԶǱϿô򵥡
ͨѾֻͨôˡ
ţԼҲȷġԪ硱жôĿֲ
Ҳĺܼʱ٣ܽʥڶԲ״̬ǾζţǴͨˣ
⿿ʥ壬ַҲ
ǣַ彻һԬдˣȹ̾ΪɣȲķسʼ½չˡ
ַȷñչأԪ磬ֻԼжôĿֲ
Ԫ磡
֮УַǰͨԪ磬ͺһ壬ۼԲϾûκһ˿覴ãûκζ̰壬ǳȫ档
ǧһֻǱˡϵԪ磬ȫ棬ͨȴһǿҲǴͨˡ
УܹͨʥֻܣҲûܳһͨ
ƺֻͨڴ˵翡
ڣַܿ϶ͨĴڣ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬ַһӰȻ档ͬʱͨԪ磬ϡ
һ̣ԪԲԪ磡
ΪԪ籾ΪɣһΪӶͨ
ͨԶͨﵽ˲˼ĵز


1072 ʥɣ
ַ建ջ棬ԪҲʧ
ԪͨҪΪ޿ɱĿֲжôֲǷ˵еʥ飬߻ʥޣҲô֪
ַĵƣױ¶仹ǣ浽棬лԴʯϢ͸Ӳױ¶ˡ
ϵʵַԪҲǴͨûж̰塣
ַ廹ʥ壡
ͨһͨŲ˼
ৣ
ַó棬ڤʥϼַģ϶Ҳַ֪ʥ뵽ƿֻܵڶԲˡ
ַ嵱ȻṼڤʥĺ⡣

ַתʥ巨ţʱһĻ滯ΪһȦȦĹΣʮθַԺ
ţʮһʮʮʮĵʮ
ʥʮΪˮ룬ʮǵڶԲ
䣡
ַ彫ʮ棬ȫΪһʥ͵һͬʱַ̲סʩչʥ壬ֱӷɳң˻յС
ʥԻʮɡʮɡʮɡʮɡʮɣ
ʮɸߵʥ壬¶ԡȼյĻ棬˵Ҳ˻еַ壬һĶϲѡ
˽ʥԲˣ
Ӧǣÿֲư
϶ǶͨˣʥԪ磬һͨһͨǶͨӵֶͨ
ͨһŶǳˣοţ
ַʥ壬ڵȷǴˣҲɹ˴ͨĵزҲ˵⿿ʥ壬ַҲҪǿ
Ϊʥ屾ǹѵͨ
һַȴ֪ʥǱѾܻд˵еĵ㣬Ҳ˵ʥһɾʮֻ档
ַʮ֡ʮ֣ʮֻ棬ҲʥܹȻȴʵɱ䡣
ʥǶͨȴ޷ΪͨˣĶʧˡ
ַҲ񣬶ǶԼһŴͨ۹ȻȡܺĿʥͨľԡ
ǿŻ棬ٶ࣬ʵҲ޷ͻͨɲܶѻģһ־磬ʱ䣡
Ѿַ壬ȻὫʥϣԺҲѰҸĻˡʥͨĵزַ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ַҪ
Ϊ֮ϣʥ𣬻ʥҪԴʯ߹򣬶ַ壬ǡǡӵһԴʯ

ȥɣһУһУһУ
嫻磬ޱ޼ʵĺ֮УһҵսڲϵĻšĶħһı˷ܣĶǰƬ޴硪磡
ԨħǣѾܹ˵ӣò׷һ磬Ȼϲ
ΰԨ֮ħңѾվ˺֮УжħѾεס˻磬ڲֻҪ̫ԶǶܸӦ硣
ΰԨ֮ԨѾͷţһλħǷͷţ
λħĻ㱨
ż磬ӦҲףǵȷӵе㡣ѾʧȥԨʧһ־ͼһ֣ˣԨȥ̽ɣķӦ
ΰԨ֮
ЩħǣһĶ¶ЦսԨħǿм֣硢ԨսԨǶռơ
ԭҲܼ򵥣Ԩ޾Ԩ޵ڻңЩԨޣȻܲǿʵ̫̫ˣֱ޾
ǿߣҲλħʵʵҲ㲻ˡ
սôԨ޾õڻҡ
ﲻ糱ˮԨޣħǶ¶һ˿Цݡ·صԨһǸʱǶǸ߸ϵԨָƵԨޣռ硢һһĵط
ǶħǵѪǶħǵıܡֻѪȣöħǸǿ󡣵ںУǳ壬Ҳķ⡣
ҵһ磬սǶħڴĳ
𡭡
ԨޣӴ󵽼㣬Ҳǿᵽ㣬ޣԼһЩͨޡ
ʱȼսķ̣½ӵԨ¾һա
߸ϵλʥҲڱͻı仯׷ѡ


1073 ս
죬ӦŰɣô£
˶ϢһȻͬ϶ǻѵ֮
֮Ǿ鷳ˡ
ڤӣҲţ
һһֲѣڤڤ֮нţЩλʥƽʱʥǶڳ˯ʵ̫ˣǵֽ޿ɽȻͻ˯
λʥһ㶼һλ磬Ǿʥˣʥš
ڤʥԴӶһֱͨҲš
ৣ
ʥңͻȻ˼ӰӾʥõΪԻʥ˵߹һһз󶼶ûκá
ߴʥѾһãɲ
ʥһеĻʥ𣬹Ȼͳͳˡ漴һгһ档
糱ˮĹޣ¾һЩ͵ֵסʵ̫̫ˡ
ЩޣǻͻȻӻгģһɣ
ʥص˵
Ǿ鷳ˡ
ʥأոѣ֪ǳ鷳
λǵĻƽ̫̫ˣ紦ں֮Уֻƫһ磬Ƕ֪Σգûȥ̽û뵽ǱеˣƺϾ
ʥĻλʥ𶼳Ĭ
Ƕ֪Ͳʲôġ֪ãã򣬻ֻƫһ磬ȴȥ̽
ԭȻΪ⣬ڵĻ磬о߹򣬴ܵôʱ䣬ֻ߿ŻԴʯֻλʥ
ˣڵĻǱȽʱڡ뵽֮УҲᱻų⣬ԵõԴʯӶΪʥ
·Ǿǡռȵʥ𽫺ް취ˣô꣬ʥǶԴʯܹܹλʥ𣬴Ӷʥ֮λԲûԲ
Ͳвˣ
ֻϧڰ˿ŻԴʯһֱûгΪˣλʥ̶õĹأʥֻܲԴʯҲù
ЩһЩͨ£һЩҲ˴šؼһɣڻ֮УŵһЩǿһЩʥ𼶴ڣ
ԣҵԷǿߣʵûǿ̫࣬˿֣նɱڻ֮Ул֮ʥ𼶴ڣ
ȸЩ
кѣץһЩǡ
ʥһ߹תʱԨޣһͷϢһֻ־ֱץס˲˿ռͨ
ಣ
һͷԨޣţֻϧʥѹơ
ѻ꣡
ʥ򣬿Էͼ䣬ƾͷļȴɱʥ
ģʥǵɫ
Ԩ
ԨԼʮλʥ𼶴ڣħ磬ǿ¡
ЩԨħԨ֮¡ֻһλʥ𼶴ôֻҪҵңܽˡ
Ԩ֮ܽƻؽ˺֮Уƺڹ۲ǡЩħսթԨ֮Ȼеٮٮߣں֮Уǳ֣ЩԨ޵ڻңλʥʵȻźó֡
ǲȶ֡ŵĵ˲µģԨ٣ЩԨħ϶ƴҪռһ磬ɱЩħףǱ¶ʵԨ֮ƣǾ鷳ˡ
ԣòЩԨޣħûгȻ̽Ǿټʥڵ߰ɣҲ񣬵ֿҲܳһ
ȥսҲܼһǻսЩһϵҲսλʥŻѰԨ֮ҵ٣һҵ뾡취ɱ
λʥ׵ǻĺƽ٣ô飬ͶЩޡҲ빱Լ
ս
ǣλʥ׷׷ظԵʥǣս
ǽӵսϢߣΥʥΥɱ⣡
սҲλʥʥǵԭΪʥܻۻ󲿷ֵߣսҲܿٵõ
һʱ䣬綼ͻ䣬ǻǻ񣬶Ϊ֮㵡
սľǺƴս


1074 ˣ

ʼ½ڵһ֮Уַ۾
ԭʥİء
ַ˸һ˿ϲɫȴЩӣЩΡ
ৣ
ַһԴʯˡʼ½ʥҲһξ룬߹ûˣû˭ֻᷢԴʯ
ԴַΪʸԴʯе߹ˡ
ԴʯУȷһ߹ν߹򣬾л֮ϣǷ׹һʵ۵Ĵһͳ
ֻеõ˳̳дλ߹Ҳǣֻһ߹Ǿܹ磬粻ʥ
ʥأͰַǰ
һ߹Ҫض߲򣬲˭õǰ߿Դʯʵõ˲Ϊֻλʥӱ߹
Ϊ߹ʲô˶
ַõ˻ԴʯҲΪҲʸ߹ˡַȴˣҲ˵߹ַܲ廹ûԹ
ΪҪΪʥǾҪԼ鳹׼ڻ֮С
ڤڤ֮Уַʵоˣ־ġ
ңһҪڻ磬ǾǽԼȫڻ֮СʱȻ¶ڻ֮С
־᲻һӵСֻؽ硱ַ֣Ҳ
Ϊʥעء
ַ廹иε˼Ϊ˻ʥΣҲ磬Ҳ硣һл磬ǾԶ޷룬ɳĻᶼûˣǻҲɳ
ʥƿػ磬ǻƿʥ
Щ˼ַڲԴʯڵ߹󣬾û棬ôַ϶ѡΪʥ
ֻҪԽǿôʥǾԽǿ
ַԼ棬ȻԶԶȲϻ磬ַȴˣȫƿ档ֻؽ綼ˣһСĻ硣
棬Ǳ
ַ忴ŻԴʯ˶Ϊ֮ǻʥҲסԴʯʥûãʥҲ֣ܲǻеӣ֮Դʯǻ˭
ַ۾Ҳžҵ
Դʯֻ֣Ҫ߹򣬾пܳΪʥһ죬ΪĴڡ
֣͵棬֪ʲôʱ硣
еļ裬֪
һѵѡ񣬵ַûԥ̫ʱ䣬ܿ˾ԴʯٴηŻ档
ԴʯǺãʥҲǿ󣬵ǲҵĵ
ַţҲԽԽᶨĵһ̣Ѿעˡ
ַѾһƿΪƿַ˵ȴܸõȷԼԺ֮·
ķĵ·ֻһǾ棡
ͨѾ޿ޣͨĸҲ棬ԽǿַԪͨҲԽǿ
ڻ޷Կʥ𣬵ԺɾͲһˡ
ٶţֻؽƣ˭Ҳ˵׼ʲôʱܿʥ
ֻǣַҲ֪ıˣɡѹԴ־Ҫͻ
ԭҲãԴҲգҪţֻһ취Ǿɣ˵ܳš
гһգַǿһ̶ȣˣҲǲܡȻҪǸʱ򣬾ʵ̫Զ̫Զˡ
ԶҲչֵزַ߳·ǰ޹ˣһжҪַԼ
սǽӵսϢߣ֮ǰʥǵ㽫̨ٻ񡢻ޡޡʮ֮ڣвߣߴʥɱ⣡
䣡
ַո׼أԺоһͬĺһ㣬Դκģһʱ֮䣬֪ʲô¡
ս
ַһ˵ʲôսȴǾʥԷ˸Ҳӣ
ˣ
ַһݣ漴Ӱһ̤ҡ

ʱ糹׵ķˡ
սˣҲֹһս߸սλʥ´ս˭Ҳӣ
Щ߲ԸĻޡʥޣʥĺ׷ǰʥǡ
׷ʲô£
߶֪¡
ôԨ޵ĳȻҲ߽Ϣ˻ģڹޡȵϢǲ
˶㵲ѣ֪ôͻȻô߰ϢҲ֪١˶֪ˣ


1075 ս
ȷǳˣ
ַո߳ңͿԬ˴
һأȻѾõϢ
ʲô£
һַԬǻ˵λеλǰԬһǸ
ڣȻ˫ǸڵλϣʵҪѷԬһʵı仯޹
ΪˣŬж⣬ʱ͸ķչˡ
һ˸ոմ̽ϢӻгһȺĹԳʲôԨޣ˷ɱ¾ЩҲǳֲޣǿһЩޣεսΪ˽ЩԨޡ
Ԩޣ
ַһ
Ԩޣڻҵô
ַµĲʲôԨޣЩԨ޽ֻڻҰˣЩԨħ޵Ԩħ
Ѿ٣ߴʥΪûг֣ս
ַ岻λʥοǵģλʥ϶֪ЩԨħϾֻҪץסһͷԨ޾֪
ߴʥʲôĿǣսѾ䲼ʥھû˭ΥַѾЩףΪʥҪЩʥˡ
ַͺ֣ʥǽʥǣûֱƿأȻ⣬ѵΪ˽һʥأ
ս䲼ַŻȻ
ԭʥصĽ죬Ϊ˾ۼߣǶߡ򣬼ʥ֮ܣټߣ
ͲܣֻʥǵĽʥ֮ڣʥǸߣ޷ѣӵսͱж
ô죿
ѯʡ
ԲӦ䡣γֵսߴʥ֣˸Υ棿Ҳſģߴʥڣޣʲô
ַ֪ߴʥ֣˭Ҳ޷ֹֻսס
ʱһȥ񶼻˵㽫̨ǰǳٶҲ¡
㽫̨ϣһӰȻ֣һĺϢ˷ɢȥ
˶һǶ񣬶óϷϹϾİݵʥ޽
ʥ𣬾ʥ𣬻ߴʥ֮һ
ս֮£˶ս״̬򣬳ɱ飬ȽΪ飬гɣԵΪ繱һֿʥǱ⣬սնɱΪ׵㣬Թ׵ɶһʥǱκα
˶һϲʥǱⰡǿǻʥռ꣬ķ޾Դı⡣
Ų֪ٱ鱦ϡȵȣֱӦоСǴͨС
˭û뵽ս֮£ʥǾȻôʥǱ⡣
һʱ䣬ǶսУοڻУлʥڣôܻܣ
λʥ𣬾൱λĻ֮ܵڻн޵Уǵģ
ǣɾʥ죬ʥǵ˾ţʥֶΣֱӴһ޴ĿռͨžˣֱӴǰߡ
ˣ
һȦһȦĿռŵǣ׷״ӿռͨһʱԨ޳ǵǰ
ڤʥǵ߰ɣ
ֹбʥǡ
ʥǣλʥߴţʲô
ͨչ
ߴеһ֣̾ͶסԨǵĹԨڶ࣬ǿޱȡ
ܱȵͨ
ڻ֮УͨܲһͨȥƵԨ޻ΪҽͨĿֲ֮ڻ֮Уͨͨձǿ
ȻԨޣ
ַҲսӻԴԴϵӿԨޣ΢΢һݡûôֹۣΪ֪ЩԨ޲ڻҰˡ
֮ĶħǲԨм
ڣһͷħûпȻԨ֮Ҳ̽̽Ż
ħ̽ʵλʥֺγû̽ûȫİ֮ǰߴʥӦö֣ĻҲ䲼սֱӳֲˡ
ЩԨħʲôıҲߴʥʲôǣַ˵λڷ»Դʯһ̣ʵϳΪʥ·Ѿˡ
ֻһ·Ǿǿ棡
ǿ棬ǾҪӶᡢɴЩԨޣֻԨڻңַ˵Ǵ֮
ǧѷĻᣬɲܴ
ǣַһХʥԻһȣһͷ˻֮С


1076 ѫ
˳˻֮С
ף˺İλ񣿡
ҳ˯ôʱ䣬̫ˡ
ַ壬ʥ壬ǧʱ䣬޳˴ͨĶǱ
ַ˻Ȼߴʥע⡣ʥַ壬Ͼڳ˯ڤʥʥǺġ
ַ廹ھŵС
ЩСһȥһɣǲòֻ֣ҪҵԨ֮ˡѫɣǻܼ֮¼նҲǸһ㸣
ЩʥǶЦ
Ǹ߸ϣҪôԴʲôʥǣÿ궼ܵԴֱʤƽʥǣҲֻʹ͸һЩӰˣó
ڲ֣ͬŹѫôƾն񣬾ܹùѫӶһʥǱеĸֱ
ˣ
ʥһӣʱгһģȻǹѫ飬һ֡
ǹѫǰһն
һĴ֣ܼڶĺʤģӶγԾ
ţѫ񣿡
ַոշɽҲ˹ѫ飬¼֣󲿷ֶ
ǰģǶ
ַûУ֮ǰûг֣ңҲںʲô֮ԳһΪܹ΢ı˶Ŀ벻Զٻʥǹ۲ĲôӦ֡
Ϊ棬ŲƽһЩԨޣӶšַѾҵԼ·ɡӶᡣôȻŹκλᡣ
ֻǣҲ̫Զˣ޷ӦʧڻУǾ͵òʧˡ
ַһȣ˻֮УԨ޸࣬ұȱȽǣ飬糱ˮһ㡣
ʥ壡
䣡
ַʩչʥ壬ʱʮɸߵľ޴ʥԻһ֣޾Ļ棬ʮֻݺһҶ¡
ʱһƬԨޱҳɻҽޣͨ޵Ԩޣסַһ
ʥնɱ棬ĵ棬֮һ˲;Ԩޡ
֪λʥû߹սˣַ壬˭Ҳ֪ЩС
ǣֱַޱȵĺ죬ͷ·ͻȺһ㣬ոԨ޵Ԩ޸ǱŲƽ档
šţţַУַĵ˺죬ַԴӽ󣬾ʹûôˡ
˿̣ѫϣֲϵıţ˶ڹעŹѫ
ֻҪǾо˹עҲ޷ףϾ֮䣬Ҳиߵ͡
λ齣ڵ棬齣λһǧ˰λһ齣ͨ
ߣħ棬λйѫھŰپʮλѾǰһǧλ齣ʲô
«˾Ȼز¶һֱɢޣ˭Ҳû⡣û뵽ô㿴ѫ񶼿Žǰλˡ
ʵڹעԼʦԭܼ򵥣Щǣƽʱɵ鲻˭ҲûаճɱԷˣָҲ޷ֳߵ͡
ڣֻ磬ʥǻų˹ѫ񣬿ԴӲ淴ӳλʵߵ͡
ȻҲǾԣ磬ɱ¾ôΧͨ϶ͨռˣߵͲζʵߵֻͣһο
ˣҲ˽ֵ
ڹѫÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯ǰʮ̩ɽһֱȶǰʮλģһ⣬Ƕ
ֻͨҪͨʹ󵽿ֲһ֮£Ԩ޶Ϊҽ
쿴λеڶʮλ
ڶʮλ
һ˴ӽԺ󣬻˭С
ַ嶯֣ʱͬһѸٴ˵ڶʮλҪ֪ǰʮλɶǶ񣬸Ǵͨ
ַܴô죬һΪʥȷܲҲΪ뵽˻Уÿʱÿ̶޾ԨޣɱȻǳס
ʮλҲĿǰַļˡ֮ϵĶһЩַͨʥ廹ҪֲΧɱһ֮£ʮ򡢰ƵԨ޶Ϊҽ
ַͨ嶼һݣСĳЩͨΪ֮ޡ
һߴ֮ͨ£Ԩ޾ԻΪɻңٶҲ޼¡һʱ䣬ռ˾Եơ
Уһҵսɢűĺڹ⡣սУһͷͷħѾҪͲסˣΪսΪɱ¾
ΰԨ֮ħս
һͷͱħҪӴ󣬵λ֮λħҪߵĴħԨ֮սˡ


1077 Ԫ֮
Ԩ֮ңԨֱ֮Ϊթ֮ƻյħħ֣ԨλԨ֮սΨаҴһֲӽ˺֮УΪԨһЩӣжôսթ
һֱڻ֮УҺԶԶԶǻʥǽ򣬶һܹҵ
ҿƿضħƿԨ޵İ취һֱλ磬Ͳʧ
ڼɵŻλʥͨʱԨǵĹħҲռ˹ڵϡ
λʥ𣬾൱λħ
ȻʵΣ޷֪ʽɵĵطһ磬Ҫ֪Էʵǿ
ڼɵλʥͬλʥҲڼɵҡ
˫ھصһ׳һ֣ͱضһɱˣǳĽСġ
ҿһµĶħǣЩħԨǴսгɳģͲսԨӣұСĽ
ȥɣǶһȥסҪ뿪ЩЩסˣʥͿ϶֡һǳ֣ҾܹƳǵʵôⳡսǾӮһ룡ȥɣǼʶһ£Ԩħ
թ֮ңһ£ʱħǶȸԾսʥս֮ս
ħǾսǾǴսгɳģηս
ǣһս򿪣һֻֻųι״ɢſֲϢĶħǳˡ
ÿһͷħλħͨ񣬶λħ񡣶ħͷ޴ķܲԨǵԨǷһЩˡ
ħǿڻޡټһӿĶħʵ̫̫࣬һЩ񣬸һӴֵסˡ
ͣ
һλħЦţ˺Ƭ
ӿֲǣһ֣Ȼͱ޾Ļˣ޷תޡ
Ҳ˵ڻȥǾͳ׵ȥˡ
һʣʱ鲻ǰڻУҲˣ鲻𣬳ֻһˣתޡ
ãͲʲôʧ
ڻˣǿɾˣת޵ĻᶼûС
ţЩԨħû뿪ڱǣǺųթ֮İҡ
λʥǰһĻҲüͷҺųթ֮Ȼսթλʥûҵټ
ңԨħĹûгķΧ͵»ǣ鲻ǰ
Ϊһ˻ôƣ粻ƣ鲻ƾ͵Ȼ޴档һǾˡ
ңȻܽթ֪ǻеַšŹöħǲ뿪ȴòȥ
ʥüͷ˵
ƺܱԨħǿԺģȴĲѲһֱｩȥλʥҲ֣ܳԷڻ֮УûҵһóȻ֣ôͻᱻ֪̽ʵ˵ѡ
ڶԻһ˵ֻǿ
ǿ񶼳ֻҪܸӦСߣЩԨħնɱǷס
λʥһ˿â
֪϶кܴʧ䣬䡣սս޷Э

ߴʥһ£ЩǺԥҲò硣ֻҪû뿪̫Զľ룬ֻҪܹӦôʩչͨ
ͨһˡ
ħˣ
ַһֱڻ֮У֮ǰݣֱ޵Сսһ㣬֪ɱ˶Ԩޡ
ˣħһͶַ塣
ৣ
λλħһӽַΧС
ٺ٣ΰλħ˹ķӣ
ҵԨӣ
ո֮
λλħÿһλŶѷɫǿһӽַΧסҷ׷ʩչǿ
Ԩ̵ķûԨļӳ֣ҲͬСɣͨԨ˲佫ַԭأʥ壬Ҳ޷ѡ
𡭡
ַʥŭ𣬲ȴֹʥһͨͨ
Ԫ磡
ʱۼԪ磬һһ㣬˲סħûж棬ԪҲǴͨȫλûκζ̰ͨ
ͣ
Ԫݰ㣬˲顣ͷħҽţ˲仯Ϊ˻ҽֻԨ񣬾ߡ
һԨħһľôħҲͲ
ߣӣգ
ַ޴ʥһץ£ʵѾ֮һʱλħͱ뵽棬ֱӶֻؽĵ֮Уֲֻ֮̾Ϳʼĥ
ʱѫϣַնɱͷλħҲӶʮ˲Ȼֱһ
Ĵַ֣壬ѫһ


1078 ѫһ
ʲôѫһֱˣ
ַ壬λַ壿
ոճΪһͳΪλ޵
Ǹոնɱͷħɣλħ򲻿һӶڶĹѫ
λħǿ񣬶ҼΪѲܻܾͲˣնɱֻЩʥĵӣܹ
ѫϽĴ֣ܹһַ̣֮˲֪˲
˵ȻϲЩ̫ţַ֪塰޵ͷߣһ˼ı顣
ϼһ૵û뵽мֶΣеʦֵһ˿ɣֻϧԶҲǶʦ֡
ϼҲüëһڹѫھţҪ嵽һܡû뵽һַͳ嵽˵һ
ղһͷλħֹܻλħҪնɱͺѺˣϾͬĴڡ
ַȴһնɱͷλħ
ѹʦô㣬û뵽Ѿҵǰ桭
˶СַġԪ硱ͨϾҲû˭ۼַʩչԪֻ֪ͨǧɣȫ棬ûж̰ͨ
Σ˭Ҳ
ڣַһնɱͷλħ˶ַͨĴ֮ͨһˣַ壬ȻҲʥ£֮һ
ʵľͨ
ͨǿǿ˿Ǳ꣬һһǿͨ˲䳬
ͨսĸ
ַ磬ս֮ϣĴ󲿷սû˭᲻ַ֪Ķ
˻ϲ˳Դھɥ˶·𲻸šһѫһһնɱͷλħ
ֱľ춯صĴ¡
꣬ҲԶԶȲ϶񣬸˵һնɱλĶħˡ
ܣܣôһǿ󣿡
Դңַǿûʲô⣬һҲ޷뿪ʥˣ
Ǻͱѹʲô
˿ҲԴԣҡҡͷ֪ԴѾûˡһλʥ£ѷ֣ԴҲ񣬳һֱʥǵУʲô취
ãøСһͨԲҼȫͨû֮һû뵽ҳ˯ʱ򣬻ᵮôһš
ҿ˿ѷɫĶ
ȷǺܲ
λʥĵ˵ͷڤʥʥȻַûͨЩź
ַԪ֮ͨȷĴ֮ͨһˣַոճΪ񣬾ͨΪѵá
ʱַսⰻȻԡȼյĻ浱Сʥ壬ͨƽʱʥ֮С
ȻڻУ޷磬ʥ޷־սԪͨȴֲһȱݡ
ڻУַ廹ԼӦôԪͨʩչҲλħֵܵġĴ֮ͨһ
ˣһͨȥַͶŶħ
ַ棬һֱתŶħɷͬһ㣬ǿ൱λ
ַ彫ʶֳһ֣浱С
ʱͬɽХһ㣬ָƵ֡涼췭ظԭ飬֮С
ַȴ⡣ٶ飬Ҳʲôٶֻ࣬ؽ磬ֻתУҲκʧ
ڵַ壬Ĵ֮һ˿ȡϲѭˣֻҪԹۡ
ϾǸ߸ϵĴ֮
ֻؽ磬һܹѭ˿ģҪġңַ֮ǰոԨޣˣַڷš
ŷ֮󣬼ֱ˼
ǧڹꡢǧڹꡢǧڹꡭ
ַ棬ǳɱֱ̫˼ˣֱһҪ
һֱַ͡
ַ֪ԶԶʵַǿȣֻ൱һСԴˡ
жô޴
Ȼַ岢Ҫŵô󣬵֮һǶǲˣַΪ֮񣬶Ժɨʥˡ
⿿ڻ֮УַҲɳö죬ϾɳʵǳӶᡣ
ɳһ֣ô϶Ҫһ֣Ҫһ֣վĲʥΧˡ
ⲻַҪĽ
ЩԨޣַȫûˣЩԨ޺ԨħԨˣռˣûΪַϡ
ֽ̣ܲǶȣоˣȡԼǿһ֣Ҫһ֡
ӺܾǰַеС
λħ񣬿ܽҵŵʲô̶ȣֻ֮ĥ𣡡
ַԥֻ֮ʼĥλħ


1079 ֻؽã

Ԩħ񣬶һλħ񣬱֮˿ַѾԹĥŶѾᳵ·ˡ
ֻؽУַרſٳһźδֻ֮Ŷħڵ֮У޾ֻ֮ĥ𣬶Ҫһһֻء
ô꣬꣬һֹ
ַãһʲôֻؽ磬ʧˣֹĸоԽԽ١
ڲʱַ忪ʼֻ֮ϵĥŶħ
ħȴǵĸ񲻻٣ħ
˿̣޾ֻ֮һһĥͷħŭ𡢲ҽġ
ûãַɲŹôƷ
꣡
ڣںֻ֮ĥ֮£һŶħһ˿ƣ׷顣һɺ嫵Ѹٵĳֻؽ֮С
лһ磬Ȼͬƺĳֹ򣬳ֻؽ磬ơ
ţԨ־ԣֻԨĹ򣬶ħԨĻÿһʵԨһ֡
ַһݣ֪֮ǰоԾĵطʲôˣԨ
桰ɡôԨޣÿһͷԨޣǶģǵϻ٣һЩԨӡǡ
Ԩħ۵񣬾͸ԨĻˣһûʲô⣬ʮٸǧƣǵʱԨ־ַѣ̶ռȵȡ档
ԨǻҲһ
ַ忪ʼģޣ񣬻һЩ½ôö֮ͻᵮ־ӶַĿȨ
һжֻؽĳֺΣһеʧˡ
ֻؽ磬ĥһӡǣĥһ־ĥһйĵطԨҲã߻ҲաԨ־־һֻؽ磬ͻᱻĥ
־ĥֻؽתǾѸٵǿ棬κ
ԭֻؽĸ׳Ĺؼ
ַңûдɱ¾ɣĻûнֻؽ磬˵˿Ѿ˻־Ǿ鷳ˡ
ַϸ룬ʵҪ뵮־Ԩ־һ߲С񣬻Ķħ֮࣬Żغ
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ַŷ츲صı仯ֱǷţٶȿ쵽ַ嶼Щš
ȻӶᡱʽ
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ַûκԥʩչԪ硣
Ԫ磬ȫλͨȫͨóһͨ
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ȥɣҵĶħţ
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1080 ʥޣ

л֮桭
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һͷͷĻʥޣӴһ޴Ļ½Ƭһ㣬գɢſֲϢ
Щʥޣ񻰴˵и֮棬ǵµѪᣬǻޡЩǻԵɺϣҲһЩܳΪʥޡ
֮ӣѣǻޣǻԵɺϣ֪ʲôѪ䣬˾ſԴ˾ͷѣҲһͷʥޡ
ֻϧ˶ڤʥŭֻӽããĻ֮У֪١
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ַ壬˿̿Щʥޣо˳صѹ⿿˿̵ͨԻʥޣҲδ
ʩչġԪ硱ǾͲһˡ
ġԪ硱ѾǴͨˣ֮ͨͨϣһ˼ľ硣
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ʥϣʵʥ٣ֻ޷ڻ֮УΪǸû顣
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ʥǿߣȴϵߡ
ȵȻʥޣȷǺǿǿѹ־ʥǶֽĨ
ÿһͷʥޣЩħ໥ײ˿·硣ڣʥǻռϷ硣
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۾磬ʥʲô磬ʲôӳ֣ڻ֮Уܱǿ
ʥޱͣЩ񡢻Ŀɿڴǳö鱦ĶЩʥӣ˿һҲɫء
ʥޣһֱĶ֡ˣ뾡һа취Ҫܳͨ
ʥȻ߸ϣĳЩ棬ʵҪܵһЩʥޣԵ޹ʾͽʥĨʥ޷
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ʵǰͷʥޣͻʥһֻǣڤʥ׷ɱͷѣ¾ͷӽ˻֮С
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ʥһжͷħȴ޷ԸĳӪУɱ¾
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ʱڣӪѾʧˡ
һͷħս֣˵ͷħ
λʥüͷ壬ǶھƵı仯ڻ˵൱Ĳ
ͷҸߵģҳְɡһսϸҲãӲӲߴʥѵһԨ֮
ڤʥվ˳ͷ׷ɱŸϽģĻڻͲ鷳
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ڻʥ࿴˿Ҳûʲô̫õİ취Ҳ˳ЩħûԨļӳ֣ʵǲʥ޵ģ൱ڰͷʥޡ
ͷʥޣҲܵˡ
Ͼʼնûܳͨûеκһλʥ顣
һսеȴƵûʥ𲻵òˣġһʥ֣ⳡսǻѷһԨħռơ
ڰУսթթ֮ң˭֪ʲôıƣ
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ַЩȻû뵽ħˡղնɱħУһЩͷħʲôϵ
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ַһ棬кɣ˾


1081 Դʯ¶
ڻ򣬼ַҲӲΪûռ䣬ֻĿͷħ
ħǶַ壬ַôӣҲ϶Źַ塣
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ַʥ壬ɢܵĻ棬ʮֻɵʥ壬Ҳﵽ˼ޡ
䣡
ħûж÷ҲֱԶħֱѹ
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һƥַϣ˶˳ȥʥҲһ˿Ѻۡ
ֻһغϣֲַסˡ
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ڤʥַ廹ЩдˣԪͨΣǧȻΪһ壬ûɱ䣬ֻǴͨ
Ŵͨħ⣿
ħ޴ĳһȣ漴һ⣬Хһ㣬ϯĻѣǴͨв
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ʥЩģڤʥô֣
Ӳôֵܵסһֵסپ٣ϡܣ
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˵򣬾ϼѡַ˵ȴûʲôѶȡλصĻʥοַһЩܣ
ֻʥ𣬲мȥˡ
ڣԴħһַ̣廹ʲôĵƣڤʥ֪ʥҲ֪
οڤʥѾ׼ʥֻܣַ壬Ͳ⣬¶ԷǴħ
ˣҲԸһȡ
һȣַȴױˣ֪ڤʥο֪Ҳ⡣ֻԼԼԼ
ˣһַ̣ûκԥ֮䣬ΨԼɿġ
Ԫ磡
һַ̣˿ʩչԪ磬Ԫ磡
䣡
ڻ֮УֻǿӦ򣬵һ̣˶·оԺֲĻǧƺһŵ˻֮С
ĻںŰַԪ磬ͷ·һԲһ㣬ѸţһС
Ǳסģ׷׻Ϊ촷ۣԨޣԨħλħλħͳͳΪ촷ۡ
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Ԫͨ
ѾǴͨĲˣԶԶ˴ͨͨ
ͨܣôַͨɾͨԪ磬ֲûмôͨ
ַʩչԪ磬ʵ̫ˣ綼ǧڻУ˿ƺҲޱȵ
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ڤʥ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫĲǧǶƭˣԪ磬ԻǧΪǬһΪ
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ˣܶһͨΪͨ磬Դ˴ͨ
ǻʥǶˡ
ͨڤʥ궼޷ܳû뵽ܹͨȻְ취˶ᣬͨͺ֮ô˶᣿
ǧǧһ˿ȸԾڹŵһ㣬еĵеߡ
˿ϢԣַԪ磬һסͷħʱħҲܲסԪѹ
ϾǿһΪǴħܿģʥ޶ס
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Ҳûй
ַɢһ˿ϢӦѾȫ˻ǣȴĸ֪һ˿ͬѰĲ
⡭ֲ̺ߴ
ԣֲ߹ĲҲͬλʥκ߹򲨶һȫµ߹򲨶
ȫµ߹򡭡ô˵Ǵ˵еĻԴʯ
ԴʯˣַϣȻȻдܣܡ
Դʯ
һʱ䣬սƺİʥĿȣĶַϡ
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1082 ̬
Դʯ
ڤʥ죬ȴֳ̾һ
ַ廹ز¶ԭҵΪֻһЩԵȴôҲû뵽ԴʯϾԴʯѾܾúܾöûгˡ
ʥҲεҡҡͷԴʯȴƫƫ֮ֵĹؼʱ̡
ôЩʱˡ
졢ڤӣʱҲûзֻԴʯˣɹֲˣԴʯעһѪȷ磬ʵ˵ȴǺ¡ҵ˵ҲǺ¡
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ʥҲ˵ͷȷǺ£ΪԴʯζŵڰλʥ𼴽ˡ
ǻ־Ϊ֮ǻΣôھſԴʯҲ϶ܿӶھλʥ
ڤڤеĻתÿһλʥʵǡעġ
ֻл磬˽һ㡰ʥǲ֪ҲǳΡʥҲĴңϣЩעʥ𣬻ǵĵӣѡ
ԼԴʯҵʥ𲻵ó֣
ԣ֣ܳǻתȻɣȻǵڰλʥעҪһĥѣѪȷɱΧܹλεʥ֮λ
ʥˣǵУҵȿǲӣ֪ͨ󣬵Գ֡
λʥҲܼԴʯˣζţǺܿͻһλͬˣڸ߸ϣͦ¶λʥ˵Ǻ¡
ٺ٣λʥҿҲˡԴʯȻַܳУѵɺϣڤڤУ⡣ǿħַͨΪҽԴʯУҵȻʥԳ֣кܴжȡԴʯ
ڤʥȻЦַϣƺϲĵӶӰһ츳һһš
ԼãַڸͲ»Դʯ¶Ǵһ˿⡣
ԴʯʥҲ˽ᡣϢһӴ棬ⳡսֻҪַ忸һǾ͸ˣȥӦ޾ʲôıơ
ڤʥĻڶʥٴַ塣
ȻԪ֮һжΪҽͷħҽûзͻΪҽˡ
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ʥһݣͨǼöˣͨǴ˵еͨҲû˭ȻܵжôĿֲ
ڣۿˣȴǵ󣬿¾ʥ޶ѵַһ
ʥҲЩԳƵ˵ѰǶõԴʯǱضһѪȷ磬겻ַֹȴڶ֮ϣʥ飬Դʯ㻹һۣҲСˡĪˣǵڰλʥ𣿡
ǲǵڰλʥ𻹺˵һ⣬ǲּɣ䡣֣ȴֹɡȥսڼ䣬˲ҵʥԳ֣һɣλթ֮סˡ
λʥ󶨣̴жʥսڼ䣬ֻ
ַĶУҲʥǵĴд󶨣ʵھ¶ԴʯʱַѾµˡ
ַˣ˽ԴʯһЩ򡱡
顢顢߿ԴʯλʥҲûв֣Ȼʥ֮Э
Ļʥ֣ôܻ˵õԴʯ
ǲһЩȥˡ
ЩԴʯշת࣬յʥУɾ˻ʥôȻҲյԼʥ𲻻֡
Ȼʥ𲻻֣Խʱַʵηʲô
ˣ»Դʯ¶ֺη
οڻսڼ䣬ڽԨħ֮ǰλʥضлڲʲô͸ַᡣ
٣ֿԴǿ
յ˻ʥǵĴȻôһ£Ʋסļ
ǿǻԴʯһõпһ죬ɾʥ𣬲
ջ󣬲ͨ񣬻Ƕ񣬶޷ܡʥޣһЩ뷨
ֻϧʥ𾯸ʥޡ޿ԲԴʯᣬʥȴԡ
Ȼޡʥ޷߹򣬵ȴġ޷߹ܹеʥҲһ
ˣĸ˶ַ̰塣
ֻٲ˻ѡ
ַõ˻Դʯ££ͨΣлʥΣԴʯջֵֻܹӭһһĸֹɱ¾һգᱣסԴʯʱҾˡ
ϲԴѾַȻһֱͨǻеĴ档
ǧ򲻸ãַõ˻Դʯһ¶ˡ
ƥﻳ
ӵлԴʯԭ
Դڴţⳡսַ屻ΧĳûôõԴʯַֻһôвػˣ


1083 Ԩ֮
˼ַʩչԪͨһ𣬾Ѿ֪Դʯᱩ¶ˡ
¶Σ
˿̣ԪͨЯѹƣǰĶħ˲ѹ촷֮ۡһħѾ浱С
ֻؽѸĥħϵԨӡǣħԨӡǣԶԶǿλħַֻؽٶšȶӹ̣֪ǿ˶١
䣡
Ҳٶţһͷħʮٱλħֱ̺֮࣬
ããĺã
ַ¶һ˿Цݣðձ¶ԴʯҲҪħնɱֻΪˡҪǣĻ
ħ
ַĿȣʣµʮͷħЩħУɶġʳġξû´ˡ
ˣѸٵһͷħֻǼ򵥵Ԫͨһ֣׾ͽѹַֻԼԪͨɲͨô򵥣Զͨ
ӲҪһƺǾ֮ͨϣȫͬľ硣
ǴħǻʥޣԪͨһ֮С
ΪΪĹַĿǰǿһ
ͷħ񣬸ַ췭ظı仯Ѿ֪ŵʲô̶ˣֻܸܵ޾ԴԴϵӿڡ
ƺܣﲻơ
ʣʮͷħЩʥ޸סˣַҲûй˼˲ȥ
һͷͷͷͷ
תۼ䣬ͷħַѹ촷ۣһͷħַСѫһλãҲεıַռš
ͲˣһͷħĹѫܱȵһͷλħĹѫЩѫڶλõȥ׷
ͨͨ𣿡
ֲ̫ˣַ֮֮ǰ޵ҿھ޵񣡡
ǰ޵ûܹεţַֻͨʥ޶סɣնɱЩħͬвһɡ
޵е޵񰡡
ֹڵַ壬ӦʥˣӦ޵ʥǣ
ַչԨħ֮޵УݺҡЩʥ޶Ĭ
ַԪͨûвЩʥޣֻסЩħ֮ǰʥǾĴħ˲㱻ѹ촷ۡ
Щʥܲľ
ַͨܽħ˲ѹ촷ۣôͬҲܽЩʥѹ촷ۣѲɣͨôֲ
һʱ䣬һĻʥҲɲ
һͷħַѹ촷ۣͳͳնɱΪ棬ӿƺƵĿ񳱲ϵӿ֪ŵʲôز
ԨħȴҲѾˣħʼӴܡ
սеһʤѷ֡
ߴʥھĵȴţ֪թ֮ңҪôʯ٣ҪôڶԨħӴԶݻҲ
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ʣĶħǴħҲǰˡ
ҿַ壬˸һ˿âܴɣǹܴɣֻΪַһˣĻļƻͻóѣȵߴʥԳ֣֪̽ߴʥʵ
ڣ԰ܵʱΪԨ֮թ֮ңûг֣
ҲãҲãҲһԡԨǻزȥˣҲٽȥˣѰһ硣ǲʵܳҲãҲã磬һȥģֻǣǳɹȻãǰˡ
û˵ȥһ
ˣ
ԨħһΰԨ֮թ֮ңڳˣԨһ֣ǱضȷѪ꣬硢Ԩð
ڣֳˣ

޾֮Уԭ֮ǰӣһ̣ƺһӰšãã򣬾ȻҲˡ

ֻ΢磬΢棬ȴûһĸоǱ̹ǣָʴĸо
⡭ǣ
۾ǿʲôڵĺ֮Уһͷ­ͷ­ͷ­ÿһͷ­ɢɺɫĹâʮȣÿһ涼һ顣
ԨǻеǶħ񣬴˿̶оĵļ£·Ҫݵ޴ͷ۵ĺڰoǰ
Ӻڰoޱߵ𺳣ԼֲֿѹϢ񣬾ͷ·а㣬ƱѹƵġ
Ҳַֻ壬棬ת硣ʥ壬ȴѾѹƵģٱ
Ԩ֮ң
ַһһ䣬ֻ֪Ԩ֮ң˿ֲơ


1084 Ҷ
ޱȾ޴ַʮɸߵʥ廹Ҫͣͷ·ǺڰĳںУֲΡ롢ء
ַ壬ܸܵһɿµѹ
Ԩ֮ңԨóսԨ֮һţթ֮ıƣսթơ
ЩַŶĿе֪
ѾûԨļӳ֣յԨ֮Ӧƴ
ˣƴԨ֮ңҲԶԶħڴħ֮ϡ
ַָоڵǿԨ֮սºֹܲۡ
Ԩ֮թ֮ңԨԶֻѰһϢ֮ذˡôûҵȵϢ֮
Ԩ֮ңûַһۣͷ­ͬʱս˶ж죬ԲͬȴԨ֮˼
Ԩ֮ңأȴǸϢ֮أǻǴȥɣ粻ǵĹ
ʥҲһͬʱʥҲһԨ֮ΧС
Ԩ֣֮ߴʥôߴʥܹӦʥġ
ˣҲʲôıơ
Ϣ߹ʼ֣߹򣬾ͬһ㣬ꡱԨ֮ҵϡ
ȴսַ嶼Ҫ˱ᡣ
һԨħȼգʼղʥǵ߹УЩħʵ̺һ˿Ԩ־
ħԨĻ֮һԨ٣־׹һ־ԨԽ
ֻϧôһ־ӴĻ߹ȴƲһˡ
˫ûж֣ʵȴѾ֮ĽǱƴ־ԨѾ٣ҵһһ㣬޾С
ˡ
ɫЩ˾ˣթ֮ıƲҲ֪ʵҪġ
ˣԨһħԶҡ
㻹ߣ
ڤʥǳ⡣
򲻵ѣǲԨ֮Ҷܹ֡ѹסңұϾףһȫ˵綼ܴ򴩡
Իк棬òʧ
Ԩ֮ʵԼ뿪õġ
뿪ããԨڶѾں˳ǧ꣬˻磬һ綼ûҵһ뿪ֵʱҵһ磿
Ԩ֮ҷƽǼ¶һ˿թЦݡ
ţƴƣˣֻܴò˶೤ʱָܻһ㣬Ϊףܲ
ڤʥ˵
ȻʧȥԨԨ޸ƼʵҪۿۣͲǻĶ֡ǻʹǿͺԨ൱ħΣԨ硢֣һʮλףȴɱħݻ硣
ЩħǿǾǻȳ棬ռһһ磬ϵ֡ҵԨѾǾսˣħֱͬ԰ĺͯһ㡣ħǺĵˡ𣿡
Ԩ֮ĻڶʥһЩţȴ֪Ԩ֮Ŀġ
ħȻǿǺθɣ
Ԩݻ٣ǻͱݻ٣ħԨôңԶ嫺޾ħҵǻ磿
ڶʥҡҡͷ
ǰħôԶôҵ磿ħҲȴҵ˻磬һǷ͸ħ꣬ٺ٣ǻ绹ȫ𣿡
Ҳթֱ֮Ǹ׳нץס˻
ôܣô嫣ܹλ
ԣ޾ôħϵ
԰ˡ
ʥ𶼲š
Ҽ˵ȷܺ嫣ħݺ򣬲ϵѰŸɱɡԶľ룬ǶܸӦԶҲ֪ħĿ־塣ңҵԨħսҲץסһЩħ˽֮䴫ѶķʽˣֻҪϵǾһϵϡ
ħͬȳ棬һ˻磬ǻҲˡŲţھͿԶ֣ҵԨڶɱħ᲻ᵽٺ٣ͿǸҲҶˣ
ڶʥɫһԵַ壬Ҳüͷ塣
޽⣬޽⡣
ⲻıı
ʥǸҶ°˵ǻԣϾұթ֮ʥҶ
ħԨ硢ܹƣʮλ˴ֻʣһթ֮ңЩħжôĿֲ
һϵЩħ绹а֮
뵽˶Ĭ


1085 Ҳû
أ
ڤʥâһ߹֮ħλħλħȫΪ촷ۣҲ⣬䡣
գۼ䣬ħʧأȴûһߡ
˶֪ؼʱ̡
ѻ꣡
ʥҲץԨħһһķ䡣
ЩħǵĿֲֶΣʥжڲ˵Ķʵ飬ʵ顣
ڰҵûϵħķʽʥҲ
Ҫɱң˿Ҳ׾٣ߴʥ֣ʧȥԨթ֮ȻʥǵĶ֡
֮£ǸҶ
ңʣʥǲңκһλʥ𶼳еĺ
թ֮Ԩթյթ֮硢Ԩôǿ׶ħնɱֻһ˻˵ɣթ֮
ԨɫǲҶģЩԨħǷйΣҲҶһĶ֣ϵЩħԴ˻ΪһƬҽ
κ˶е
թ֮Ǽ¶һ˿ʤƵЦݣ˵ҵܼ򵥣ҴŵЩԨ磬ֻҪһϢ֮ؼɡĻһˣУսˣ޹նɱǵĶħԨޡ
ߣռȵΪթ֮ҡ
ʥʲô취նɱңȴй˼ɣҶ֣Ҿô޼ɵʥȻһһӦʡ
Ǻ˫̸е֮£Ѿˡ
緽棬ʧǺأսϣʤˣսȴǻˡԨħǽ磬ѾƲɵ
˼ҵ̸УԨһ̶ԨħǽһԨ֮ǣ˫ôģսˡթ֮ףԼʥǲòκˣһЩѭ
ˣⳡսʽ
ħ˸߲ңһȴܲģһ뵽ܹù׵һôıеһ㲻Ҳɢ
ο˶ʥǵѴ
ԷŻİѱͬھֶΣҲֻá
οôʹֳһָԨʵӰҲ
սǷ׷׶˻ʥ֮УȥʥǱù׵һԼҪı
ַս󣬾͵һʱ䴩ռ䣬ص˾ʥǡ
ǰʥǱĹУ˵ĿⶼԾķϣַȻ֪ʲôԭ
Դʯھһߵı⣬κ˶ڻʥǵϣʥڽֹ֣Ҳֻǿס
һ·ϣַ嵹Ҳûʲô鷳
ֻǣʥǱ⣬ַ忴һЩʥռֱȷǺԶһЩ档
Ψڵַ壬ȴûʲô
ַһﶼƲϣڵн׶ΣҪľӴλħǴλħǴħ߻ʥޡ
ЩпûУ֮⣬ַʲô鱦֮࣬ûκȤˣַӵŹѫһĹ׵㣬ȴʲôûжһ
ȻַʥǱеԴ뱦ûȤ֪ԼһˣЩ׵ɲԸ׾˷ˡ
òţڵĳԱõŰ
ټԬȻ˺ĸ߲㣬ƶһݾıһ嵥ȻЩ嵥һһȥһ
ַĹ׵㣬Ǻ˼ƶϣˣôһһͿ˾ʥǡ
ʥǣҲԶһֱԴһ˳
Щ׵һĴʣһԾΪ֮һ˻ʥǣûĸ˵ĵ
һʱ䣬˶ŻӻԾԸ롣
ַҲ߲ܣ֪ЩԸ뻥˵Укܶ඼֮ⲻھƣ컥˵ԴַϵǿԴʯ
ʱ䣬ַҲˣĻ˼˶࣬鷳Ҳ٣ָ鷳ھʥ֮⣬ǿĿ⣬ڶַ塣
Դʯջʵַ̫ѾǳԽ񣬳Ϊʥ飬ʥ֮µһˣȴգ˲ġ
Ԭ̲סַиָˣÿһλԴʯ˾κˣԼ޾ɱ¾ջԴʯǾҪ뿪ʥˣʥаĲԴʯճɾʥ𣬾ûκһ˸ˡ
ĲԴʯɾʥ𣿡
ַҡҡͷǰôͷڹҲͦãðաԴѡԼ·ʵϾѾ˳Ϊʥ
ԶҲ޷Ϊʥ𣬻ԴʯУûκáûκãַͲҪ
Դʯҵģ˭͸˭ҲûֻǴСֻŰɣȸˣһ˽ˣȻܻûû˵ġ
ַţаΪ֮ĻԴʯԬĸоַƽУ̺Ȼɱ⡣
λѽȣǵ޵
ѹʥ飡ʥ֮£ݺ޵У


1086 籩ǰϦ
ʥԶĵطַ߲սҲ಻ʤƺһ
ಣ
Ȼ䣬һӰӻ˳Ӱ֣ͨ޷⼸Ӱ
ûгôһֱУô죿
һλɫн֮ɫ
ߣгʼ½ʵڲУҵԳʼ½в
ңҾͲʲôʼ½ʲô£֮ֻɵǲҪġ
㲻ҲԶɲİɣһģǻΨһһλʥ
ʥĿǰжַλΨһһλʥơָʥ֮£֮ϣΨһһΪʥ
˵һλһλأ֮λʥ˵ѷɫĹһֱͨɹŴͨųĦ棡
Ħûڻʥ֮У֮λʥ𶼻ҪϣλʥСĸȻҲմڻʥ֮С
οʥǵԴĦ˵ҲûʲôáһƫƧĻг˯һֱڳ˯š
ϴսλʥսûյϾսֻڻʥǣԼΧ򴫲ЩڻһЩƫƧ֮ûյҲ
ΣŻԴʯĦҲˡ
ǰΣԴʯûᵽһΣԴʯٲʧ
Ħ¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫԴʯζҪõĻĻΪƴҲֵá
ܣһҪһλʥԴʯ⿿ǣܣƴֳɵĦҲϧ
ѾĺܳܳˣֻҪΪ˳ɵʲô
棬ֹԴʯ಻ϼһҲˣһЩޡ
ԣ棬ЩһﶼڰУŻԴʯҪҪȽǶˣ
ֹǻеߣЩѾŵһЩħϢЩӵĶħҵȻ磬Ȼһĳɵֱϧ
Щ񣬶ǶĦ涼ĺˡ⼸λûлʥ𡢻ʥޣԺƻ磬ݺ޵С
յطֱͨ
Щ˶ùܣԽԽãЩħǣԴʯҲڻվȽŸ⿿вɲȻõԴʯ߹ɾʥ𣬳ΪеһӡҪԸһλʥһλʥ֮£֮ϵ޵ʥλλãһΣԴʯѵһսȻԽԽãˮ㣡
Ħ涼Ҫˮ㡱ڶඥж΢΢һݡ
ǰַʥȻûвμ֮սַ֪徿жôֲǴַͨΨһһλ飬֪ʵжôĿֲ
һʥƣַ˿̵λַԴʯڻڰ
ǻڰȴɵֵסԴʯջЩ£ȥŵϦӣ
ԴʯǳɵҲϧ

£ԴʯѵҵȻ޾Ͳȥ᣿
ͷʥޣһáȻƽͷʥ޶ԸԻԴʯȴ£ȴ֪ػ
޴ۣ֮սУַĿֲͨ𣬶¡
ԴʯѾΣδζʧܣǿ֪ʲôԭ򣿡
ʲôԭǻʵãЩڶ࣬Ȼ׵õԴʯοЩʥҲλʥޱǰȥᣬٶĻԴʯǵõˡ
ȴҡҡͷҵޣȻϹ򣬵Զѳɲ˻ʥǰᣬΪЩڶ࣬ʧܣʵȻЩʥǣǻһõԴʯ
£˼ǲˣЩħڳıᡣ
ˣ޲ˡħᣬеץסʥǵİѱʲôʥǱ˾ͷѣʥΣԣЩħͬЩħԶԶ磬ˣЩȥɡολʥɲ֮
¶һ˿Σ漴۾
ʥǣҲ׷뿪һЩ޲ģʥҲܲô࣬ľͲİɣôһѾͷڹꡣ
Ʊǿ˭ûУûһλʥ


1087 ʥѹһ
Ԩ֮ǣڻյУթֶ֮ΣɡһսһֲԶԶȥļ¡
һͷͷħȴϵĽԨ֮ǡ
ԴԨ֮ǽħڻվȽŸ֮󣬾Ϳʼˣħǵзʽ⣬ûԨҲȥ
ҶħǴϲɱ¾ϲսǺͻеĦϣСģߵɱ˫Ǳſơ
˿̣թ֮ټµλħ
Ӧö˵ˣлԴʯˣλַϡ
թ֮һ˵
ΰħ£Ƕ˵ˡڻУԴʯǳΪʥĹؼӦþԨԨ֮ġһ˻ԴʯлΪʥ𡣡
ҵ˵ͷԴʯʵԨ֮ģֻǳƺһˡһоſŻԴʯĿǰѾλʥ߿ŻԴʯǵڰ˿ţԴʯѾʣˣˣŻԴʯǱȫȡȻǩЭ飬ЭͲʲôҪ볹վȽŸͱûԴʯΪʥֻԨħһ壬ܹڻվȽŸϢ
ħ£Щʥǲ𣿱ϾԴʯǵʥ
ħǶأȷԴʯǻʥõԴʯζʲô˶ѵЩʥǻ᲻
ǿ϶öħǵõԴʯ
İɣЩʥҪֹҲڣǿԷᡣЩʥ𣬸˺ƤֻҪǲǴģǾͻˣλħֻҪλˣס£ԴʯǻеҪƴᣬֻҪȴἴɡ
ףһȡԴʯ׸ΰħ£
ǣͷħӰһֱӷɳԨ֮ǡ

ڤʥǣϼڤʥǰ
ʥ𣬵ӣӡ
ϼֹȴҧ촽Ŀ¶һ˿ǿ벻ʡ
ʵֹϼӣڤʥӣһһ˻ڤʥǰ

ڤʥ̾һ֪ʲôԴʯôҪ֪ÿһλԴʯᣬһβж䣿һΣϼѣΪԴʯַУǻΨһһλʥ
ᵽַ壬ᵽʥڤʥĵеĲ֮ɫȴˡ
ʥ˫ȭѵֱ֣ϻԴʯģֹǼˣϣƥﻳԴʯԭһֱڻʥУҲˡˣǾͲܴλᣬʥ
ڤʥһµĵǣЩӶܳʱ䡣ЩˣЩӻڣӰĵӶҲˡ
ˣˣȥɣҴǷħȦǻʥޣҲһܲܵõԴʯͿǵ컯ˡ
лʥ𣡡
ڵдϲǹڤʥǰΪôסʥһжôĿֲ
ͬʱʥĵӡʥĵӣʥĵӻߺȵȣҲͳͳŸָķʽʥǵһЩ
Դʯǣߵ񾭡
ǰ漸Σйᣬ˵ǻԴʯ˲أȴǼٵģûлԴʯ
һϢͷѪολԴʯϢ񶼸Ӧˡ
ʥǶ϶Ǿǵڰ˿ŻԴʯ

ʥڣַûбչء
Դʯе߹ҲˣȷܸҲǲ⡣ǰַ廹ãԴʯУǲˣϸǵڰλʥ
ڣôȷˡ
Ϊ߹ˣ
Ҳ˵ûзԴʯûзΪʥȫȫȥ߹Ҳ޷
߹򣬾Ϊĳ죬ǲ򡣻İ취ַûа취
˵ڰλʥ𣬲ַ壡
ⲻַͽԴʯóµڰλʥôҲѡڰλʥ
˾ͲеڰλʥĶ
ַľ磬Ѿһģٹ硣
ӿһЩϲȻʥǶҪϵĴڣѾ׷ѡ
лһҲڻ񡣡
ħ嶼ģڰɿ𡣡
ҴʥǵĵҲͲסˣͰĴڻʥУֻҪڻʥǣʹۼٶˣҲκβ
ԬȻ˺ĳԱ˷ܣǳӿ۵ֱǶļ²ѡ
ǻΨһһλʥ飬ΪʥҲġ
ԴʯջԵֵַֻ߹򣬳ΪʥȻܺɨķвɢ
ַףôһŻԴʯ巴ϲЦ˵ôʱ䣬ҲˣˡҳȥһЩ˶ͳͳ򷢣Ҳʥ֮
ʲôɣݺ޵УҲðհ
ԣԣֻҪڻʥУ߹򣬳Ϊʥˣαضһ٣¶ˣ
Ǻַܲ˿̵ΪԴʥڣһֱȵ߹Ϊֹαسȥðգ
ַܲ˵޷߹޷Ϊʥɣ˵ĵҲǻʥĵԴʯá
Щʵַȴ˵
ΪԶȥǾû취ˣô죿
ǿԽ˳Աɢȥ
ʼ½ô죿
Ƿʼ½
Դô죬Ҳ𣿡

ǰ˿Էɢʼ½ԷԴô죿ѵַ彫ԴҲ
ԬҪַ彫ԴҲַ׶ʥ֮Уȴҡҡͷ˽ַ塣
Դ£ַ
֮ԵڻûжԳʼ½ûжԴ涯֣ԼȥˡһֱȥǾͻῪʼֹ֣Դ棬Ҳֹʼ½л˳ԱһɱһǶΣգҲԶ뿪ʥǡ
Ԭ죬ȴʲôû˵
Դʯջ󣬳󡣵ǸʱЩϲǣ˼ַʥ˼Ժ᲻ᱻַ㣿
ǻ᲻һдۣ뾡һа취ַ뿪ʥǡ
ַȥһսҲ޷⣡

ʥǵϣ
Ԭﻹַ֪ܲѾ£ΪĻˣȴַĸһæﲻϡ
ַվԭ˿ȴһɽһ㣬˺ظС
ַŻգֶİɣʥ֮ȴʥ֮ϣһսһǣ綼֪ʥϣ
ʥѹһ
ַ˵꣬һŻһȥ


1088 ʥ˵˲죿
Уһҷɴǰš
ֻһЩˣ涼һЩ׼ǰʥǲɹһЩʡ
Ǿʥǰ
ڵʥˣɹʺǾѸٷػ½˵Ҫ׬һʡ
пΣգʥǿɾͰȫˡ
ЩˣϲЦտӣڻ̣ʵҲǱȽΣյģвͻȫû
ˣ
ȻɴеĻǣӾʥУԼһӰһһȻôڻյС
ȻֻߣÿһٶȴȻ۶Ҫ졣
˭
ÿֲϢ
ѵǻ񣿡
뵽һϵǱ񣬻񰡣ǿɴδһλ񡣱ʥ񣬵Ӽܹһλ
λһһ˻ǰڵ˶¾һ˿
ַȴڻǰ΢ͣͣϽ߰ɣǷ֮أ˿ɾ߲ˡ
ţº⣿
ڵ΢΢һ㶣֪ʲô˼
ַҲֻһѰˣͿЩ˵컯
ͻȻڵĳλɫһ䣬æߣߣٶӽʥǣ찡
ˣ
ֻǣۼ㷴ӦٿҲˡ
ټĻУͻȻһ˿˿ͬݺύ˿һᴩա
꣡
Щ˿߹ᴩһҼӲĻۣ˲ͻΪ˼أڵļΪɻңһ鳯Żתȥ
֣֮֮֡
Щƣֵ֮߻࣬ﷶΧ֮ڣ߶ⲻ˿߽ɱ
Щɲ˿ߣ󣬶
һλҲҪɱĿֲ
ַվյУѾʩչʥ壬ȼŻ棬Щ˿ǿȴҲ˲ֺ
ַ帺ֶеĳ򣬵˵ôãɡ
صյУԶ
ಣ
ȻһȦȦĿռϵ˸ţ͵߳˼ӰϵϢǶ񣬶ޱȹϡ嫡
ǻΨһʥʥݣѾӭʱˡ
һߣ뷢԰ף˳ͬǶಽƺΪ
ַ۾΢΢һλҲûΨ뷢԰׵ߣƺɲ⣬ЩʥĵƺҪֲ
Ǻˣ
ַ峤һչͬһ㣬ɲ
ţ
һȴߺ٣ַ廹ô
Ħ̫ʱ֮λʥ𶼻ҪϣʥҪƺһ棬һСɸҷ
ַԣ˵ͷԭĦ棬ʧʧ̫ʱΪϵĴ֮һֺο˻ˮⲻ֪еĽпڲʱ񲻻֮ӣ
ַȴû˿ĿĦΣϲˣָΣǿΪ𣬴Ϊȡ
ĦʥҲҪһ¡ʥ𡱡
һϲȴַǰèų棬ַɲ
治㡭
ĦҪںǳ⣬ַȴ͵۾һ·λϣһӾͳܻ棬ȼ
ʲôҡ
ö񣬻תۼͱճ˻ҽȴĦ涼޲ߡ
ַ壬㡭
ĦŭȴӼɵˡö񣬱ַֻǿһۣȻˣֶΣֱ˵ֶַλҪֲ
ַ帺ֶƺϰΪƽ˵˵˲ķݣСһ°ˡֻû뵽һƻ涼ֵסҲ֪޵ȥˡ
ַҡҡͷƺΪź
㡭
ĦŭĿԲޱȵķŭղ׷ߣ˸ʮֻ棬һƻ棿
˵ʲôж޵ǿʶ
ַһۣȴΧЩڰУϵߣһݡⲻͨΧɱҪΧɱĿǻΨһʥ飬Ϊʥַ壡
ʥߣѹһ
Ħ棬ҲòϹϾĵһʥ
ʥǺֶΣϷķڷʥ̤ʥǣϵЩǰ
ĦЦЦһϺˣʵЦص֪׼ŶɱУֻҪѰַض飬һɱ


1089 һɣ
ĦЦǺǵףַ嵭Ȼ֮
˭ǰģͶһɡ
ַ嵭˵һѹ
ˣ
շ飬ЩǿҲ޷סΡ
𡭡
һ춯صĺһͷͷϢǿ󵽼ĻޣӴبյУĶַ塣
һЩٲȻԳһ
ޣʥѪҲԴʯ͸ǣ𣿡
ַҡҡͷЩ޼ȻǰҲֹ
ȻǶַˡӡǸеַܲ⣬ʥǵλͬˣҲֻǽУĶַ塣
ˣһɡ
ַһ
ˣ
гһȦȦĿռţһӰӿռһԾǡˡˣйһ֮Ե
ϼû뵽ҲˣҲϻԴʯˣҲԣǶֵܵԴʯջ󡣲սۣɾûʲôˡ
ַҡҡͷ
ϼܸӣַ壬·𿴵˵緢Ķ񡣵ҲòϣǶҲԶԶȲַ塣
ʥͨǰ޹ˣҲߡҵĶʦָҲȲʥʡԴʯǳɵƴһҲȫԸ
ôϼҲ
ϼ˵ͷʥΪʥԴʯǰҲ޷ǿǻʥޣҲ޷Ȼ뿪Ψһһλʥο
ϼıҲܸӡ
һʼЩʥǶַǲмĽʣַһʥǱ۷ˡ
Ҫ֪ʥǽʥĳƺһʥݣǵλ𾴡
ڳߣַеĻԴʯҲַλʥǳľأǲһ
ЩޣԴʯͬʱնɱַλеʥ
ˣˣɵ֪жֻǶǵ֪ˣ֣֮ǰЩ˻ɣ֮ôף
ַ֣һ
¡
͵һ𣬻ռȻȫ飬ֵȻеϢǶûв
ħ
һǴħͷħ󣬺ٺ٣̵
ħǶ˽ոڻվȽŸҪıԴʯˣ
ǻޣԶħȻųСϾħǲǻϴδսǻޣһЩԶħȻûʲôõĸй١
ٺ٣λߣлޣԴʯ˶ᣬλʥʥƾǣҪõϼѡͨȶԸλʥԴʯΣ
ͷħޱȵĽթȻ֪ơַǵУвֻҪȽַ壬ôƾǴħʵõԴʯļɾҪࡣ
ߣẠ̊́ʥȽǣΣԴʯ䵽ЩħС
ҲһЩЦ˵
ַ忴һۣЩħûȶֵ˼ҲûȶԸħ˼
Ѿˣ˫֮ڻãΪ˻Դʯʲôޣʲô磬ͳͳȷһߡ
ַٴθ̾ɵջжôľ޴ѹÿһλԴʯһѪȷ磬ǿʡ
ַڻ֮Уͥɢ㣬ƺûΣպ;ľ򣬶ˣҲãҲգǴħûȶֵ˼
һʱ䣬ȴĽסˡ

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ңԶĻУʥڤʥոҪжȴթ֮Ҹ
λʥҪǰ1
ЦЦ˵
ңԴʯǻɵԨħȾָģ
ڤʥȻҪͷħ
ŶԴʯǳɵԨħΪξͲȾָλʥԨħȻѾ˻磬ǾǻһӣûǻеᣬǶħȴᡣοѭĹأûг֣ô
ңḷ́ûг֣ȴ˴ħǿʥޡʥ޶棬ܳԴʯ
ŶǾʵ̫ˣλʥԼҸոЩ̫ϤһΣһٷĴˡ
ҵĻλʥޱȷŭһʱ䣬֮жը죬ƺ綼ڶ
ȴҲûжһ£ôƽվ֮С
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˵꣬λʥʧˣĬһζħǵж
Ǽ¶һ˿Цݣȴһ˿ǡ
ԴʯֻгΪʥ𣬳׳ΪһӣڻվȽŸûԨǶߡ
ҵţ˵ӣλħҲ޷ܡˣҲϧһдۣҪڻվȽŸ֮С


1090 ʥ֮˹
ѵôΣ
ʥУʥڤʥɫȻѾǵƿء
λô죿ɵΪ֮ʥ֮ܰѹס뵱ԴʯʱĳοԴʯڶУҵĵӡ
ڤʥĻþʥҲĬ
λʥĵӣλʥѣߵӣλԴʯᡣ
ϧַ壬Ψһʥ鰡ȶҪɫ
ڤʥ·ַϣ˵Ӱӣȶӳɫ
Դʯÿһγǻ綯춯ءʥѡڤڤʵע˭Ҳ᲻ߣŰɣʥܿͻ֣ÿһλʥ𣬶޾ĥһһ߳ġַѡеʥΣѵľҲܻ⡣ǣһᡭ
λʥѾ⣬ֻ֣ĬĬĹעǵǰֳһ棬ȻǻУַ屻ΧסĻ档
ʱ˿̣עһս˲֪ж١
ߴʥѾˣʥַ뿪˻ʥǣһ뿪ͱǿ߸Χסˣעᱬһս
һսܾڰλʥˡ
ΪԴʯȻҲһѪȷ磬ʥҲܿܳӶڻ֮ۡ
սͨͲ岻֣ҲͶʸ롣û˹עͨҲڹע
Ͼͨ붥ûоϵĲ࣬ҲܹõԴʯ߹ҲܳΪ߸ϣĻʥ
ǣֲͨͬ˽⡢עһս
Щˡ
û뵽Щħһ֣޳ܣ
гϼ񣬵йһ֮Ե޳ܣ
һЩ񣬵òȻҲޡħֶԸǿɳܣ
˵˶ߣΧַһӰбĪÿһӰɶǻкպͨô򵥡
ǱַһۡλʵҲǺպ֣꣬𶯻Ĵ
ܹһսģûκһǼ򵥵ģǳһ߹ϴڡ
ڹעһսǳȻ˻ϲ
ַԼ˲Ըˣޱȵϲ
Դϴοַչͨˡַ屩¶˻ԴʯĽޱȵϲ
ֻǣַһֱڻʥǣԴҲַ߹򣬳Ϊ˻ʥ·һˡ
Һãַ߳˻ʥǡ
ôǿΧַǿѵѲɣ
ˣԴҲйע̬ķչûлõԴʯַϢһŹ

Уķ׷ţַͲ⡣
ôʱ䣬ĶˣҲˡԴʯջȷСַ嵹Щ͹˻Դʯջ
ʥѹһٶΣ
Ƕһϰɣһ֣ôκ涼ˣʥӣʥ޺ᣬ뱾һЩϸͳͳˮս֮ϣԱ֮ˣֻеˣ
ַ帺ֶڻ֮Уչʥɡ
ַĵˣҲòﰵ̾һʥȣ㶥ԶԶ硣
ַվյУ£ȴһ˸Ҷ֡
ǲҶ֣ǾɱɡħҲһ
䣡
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ţ
ͷħû뵽ַַֻ֣Ƕʥ壬ͷħɲη塣
ǣħǶֳһıģªɢԨϢ·綼˺һӡ
¡
һӲĻɢɿַĴӦ飬ΪǵĻ⡣ת˲䣬ַЩ
Ԫ磡
ֻǶһԪͨʮ֮һûС½ֻʮ֮һ˲䱬Ҳ󣬼ֱ춯ء
Ͼַϴս֮Ԫͨĸ棬ԽţôԽǿֲ
˿̵Ԫͨﻹʲô֮ͨͨϣﵽ޷Ŀ¾ء
ͣ
ַĴ֣ѾסһͷħޱֲĴħڱַסһ̣ȻҲ¶һ˿־֮ɫ
ַһգħ˲仯Ϊ촷ֻۣʣһŶħ񣬱ַС
ôħԨиʥ޵Ĵڣ˿̣ȴַǰͬһֻС㣬˲
ʥ֮˹


1091 ʥ޵У
ħӣ
ˣϽˣ
ʣͷħٴУ֮ǰļƻȫͬǼƻڰУ֮ôȴַӲˣ
ַλʥħǺǴħûԨ֮ļӳ֣ͲַĶ֡
֮ǰսϣַһ˾ֱͷħǿԨ꣬պյĴħ
ǻ֣ˣǣƵĻᶼûС
ͷħ񡢻Ǵŭš
ǶħǽթϲŪģȻ֪ʱ񡢻ޣʵռһϡ
ȻŴħһŭ⶯ˡַλʥʵֲ̫Ľ˶ħǣַûˡ
¾𣡡
Ħ涯ˣƬգﷶΧ֮ڣóһֲĦֻ꣬ճµУΪʦǻʥǣҲһϵǿĦ档
ˣĦҪԴʯȻҪȫ׼Ƭղ˾žŰʮһ
ҾžŹһݻһһ׽ɱĿֲ

Ħ߶ַʥ֧ŲסĻ濪ʼϨ𣬿ֲѹڼѹַȫ
𡭡
ҲˣЩ޿ɲںַͲַжһλʥԻ˵ɲʲô¡
ϾѾʥѹǵͷôʥǲ׶֣ʥַɾͲһˡˣ׼ʱЩ޾ͻ֡
ӣ
ϼ㱣ʥǣûʱ֡ҪԴʯվʥӣһ˿ܣûޡħ֡
ˣַ˿̵ĴȴҲǼѡ
ĦдħһԹ˵ַλʥˣǻʥޣҲס
οַ廹ûлʥôֲ
ɣ
ʥΣԴʯսΰħ¡
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ħĹһʱ͵ˣٶ֮죬ƺѾ׼ƵģĦƺЩ̡
Ϊ˳ɵ㡰һЩҲϧ
ϼɫȻ૵οأԴʯʥαسһѣһ䣬תҲ֪ʲôʱܹػ۷ˡ
ڳϼַѾˡǻʥޣҲˣοַ壿
иոյʥĵһλʥҪķʽ䡣һʱ䣬ԭԻԴʯһΣһ뷨ȴûвЩ񣬴˿жһݡ
ʥп䣬οǣ
һ̣ޱûͷԷȥᣬ»֮ꡣս˭ܹõԴʯ˭Ҳ˵
䣡
Ԩħǣͷųǣʩչ츳ֶΣԾǿַݺѹȥʱ
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˿ǰһĻ·𲻸Ƶġ
ˣ
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Ҳһ
ôûиӦʥ飿
԰ôûȥת
ղǶħǻޣûֶܹΡַλʥһλʥ飬󣿿϶ܹ׾ٵľ͸Ӧ
ʵȴû˸ӦַȥתҪôҪôַû
ৣ
˶Ŀս룬ƬֲĿռм䣬һŹâֳǶľ㵣ԨħЩš
Źâм䣬ַɸֶƾӴѹС֮ϡǲССĹâסһϮ
ַ̧ͷָһ

һױȵ˲䶴һͷ޵âһ޵Ѿʧ٣뵽浱С
ַڻ֮УûԻʥ壬ΪʥѾˣΣǿģ氡
λԪͨΣԪߣҲͨһ磬Ǵ磬򣬱޵У
䣡
ַ塰޵СĻ£ַһ򱶣ֲ֮ŰΪֲķ籩ϯ
һַ̣ûκαԪͨʩչ¡Ϊ籩ͷħԼͷ޶С
ΰħ
ܣ
ͨôֲⲻͨ
ô֣ܳ޵С
ħǶĲҽţֻϧַԪ֮ͨ£ûУ·ֻ֣˲뵽֮Уʧ伣
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ɸֶϱŵЦݵʥַ壬Ȼ˶·ָо
޵У˿̵ַ壬Ȼ޵У
ʥ޵У


1092 ʥ棬ҵŷ
޲Īյиֶʥַ壬ǶĦĹϴڣжȻ
ôܣĦžŰʮһǣƣͷħǿĻޣôܱʥַƵ͸ˣ
Ħ治ţϼ񲻸ţϼ񲻸ţעһսƺš
ʵǰɲ˲š
ַɫƽĿĦ桢ϼϼһɨ˭
޵Уǰַվֻһˣȴѹ񶼸ףĦ涼̾硣
ʥȣ
ϼ˿ڲΪ־壬ҲǺ£Ǽַĳ֣֪
ʥߣѹһ̵ᵽѹһĺ嵽ġ
ʥͨ鴫Ϊ˳ɵһ볢һ
ϼǲľô뿪ˣɵԸΪƴҲϧ
ãҪֻǣһ֣ôˣ
Ȼʥˣ
ϼһС

һӲӵĸȦ˲󣬳ַһֶȥַ޴Ӷܡ
ַȴûжܣƾȦһԼϡ
ʲô
סˡ
ãǿڤʥħȦ˵ʥ޶סһ
ַ޷ˡ
ϼ鸴ӣַ岻ܣָСλʥӦ
ʥ㻹ǽԴʯɣħȦʦҵģʥ޶סһ޷ѵġʥ߸ϣʥҲһ֮ңԴʯұ˷ħȦ
ϼϵ˵
ŶħȦǿǻʥԭӦϧֻϧڤʥ𣬵ˣ
ַҡҡͷ·⡣
ţһӴƣԼԿһӰһŻǧ
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ʥǰϼݷԴʯõʥУ
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ϼأ
ʥ棬ϼҷԴʯʥ֮
ϼȻûг֣ϼķħȦûãʹʥıΣǿ֣ȡˡ
λʲô˼Ҫ𣿡
ַĿһɨЩʥѣߵǣ޲˸߰ͷ­ʥ棬ҵŷ
һս׳ɾַʥ֮ǻ񡢶ħǻޣȫ̵ַλʥ
ʥ֮ʥ֮£֮ϣڻۣ֮
ôܣôܡ
ԴҲйעλһս˿̣ɫȴɥһ㣬·𲻸ǰʵ
ʥַ徭һսĴѳɣ춨ʥ
Ժ˶֪ԴʯַУ˭֮ģ
ʥһʥ
ʥȴЦЦǺ죬ޱȵĸˡ
ڤʥЩ۵ֻǿϧǷħȦĻȴҲɾַʥ֮
ڤʥȴ¶һ˿Цݣһ˿֮⣿Ǹ˵ĺܡ
ϾʥߵʥһִƻԴʯˣԺпǵڰλʥǵͨλ
ˣַλʥ¾ǵڰλʥˡԴʯᣬʱǧ꣬ǧᶼСһΣʱ̵һˡ
ʥп˵
һδսַλʥѹһ˻ԴʯսѾˣӴˣûʲôٸԴʯˡ
ڰλʥ𣬼Ѿע
ʥǶ⣬ο
ԴʯҲ׷׸ǡ
ϼϼ˷׷뿪ĦҲ׼뿪ʱַȴȻڵĦ棬ʱӦ뿪
ţ
Ħһͣԭء


1093 泼꣡
ˣΨĦ
Ħһɫƽ˵֪ʥкָ̣
ֱַ˵˵ϼϼ뿪ΪǱǻʥպͽ˫ѿĦ棬䱲ָߣãֻϧıûʥ㲼˾žŰʮһҪסΪʲô¶ûУ԰Ȼ뿪𣿡
ַ帺ֱֶ˵ĻȴĦɫ䡣
ַǸĦ汳ûк̨ûʥǾͲ뿪ʵҲȷϼϼ񣬼Χַ壬Ǳһ棬ַҲԸЩʥһ档
Ħʲô
סַ壬ַԪͨôǿ󣬻κһˣ¾ˡԼصˣַûôȣһЦ֮
ʥ֮⣬նɱϷ𣿡
Ħ̾ͽַʥ֮Ѿʶˣʹڻûг󣬿ҲԶԶַĶ֡
ߵļλ֣ûʲôˣͽһ
ַһָܻȼգĦߵļλһĶճɻҽĦȴֵĴ㶼ûС
ֻɫַ֪࣬⡣
Ħ棬꼴ػɣȨҿξˡ
ַ嵭˵Ҳû˵Ħ治ͬô죬ΪͬģͺĦµļһ
ĦߣǾʹԾܾ
ĦɫòĦ棬ֺܸߣʥʵСǻĻʯ
ȴҪַλСеС
ַʥѹһĦȴɸоܲʡ
Ħɫϵıãգƺ˾˫һͷҲùĦᣬݼʥ
Ħܴ꣬Ҳʥ𣬻ôã԰ǿ϶УҲ϶֪²òͷ
ȡᣬˣһΣĦ泼ˡ
ѡַֻ꣬ҪʱһܹػɡοĦоãַǵΨһһλʥлԴʯǵڰλʥˣַ꣬ûݡ
ȻֻĦҰοҲڸǲˣǱַų
һĻ˶עˣĿɿڴ
Ҳ̾ĦѾãȶҪֲĴڣʥǰԸūͣʥַ壬˿ַϡ
Ѳʥˣ֤ʵˣʥϣð

һսʹ˻磬ʱƣԽԽ㣬ַλʥѾֱ׷λʥ޼ˡ
ַĻˣǸ˳ӿһΣĲǻˣ
Щ񣬾ûж񣬵κһλ񣬶һڻкպĴڣܹ뻥ˣ˿̻˵ơ
˶Щ뻥˵ԭʲôΪ׽ַλΨһʥ
ַ廹ŻԴʯڼˣַ嵱Ԥĵڰλʥڼ뻥ˣ׽ַ壬պַɾͻʥ𣬽ڰʥǣ񲻾ǹѫԪϣ
ڻ˴˿̵ʢַҲֻҡͷһЦûн롣Щַ彨ʥǣΪѫԪϣպڻʥռһλá
ַҪʧˣַѾ˻ʥĵԶҲΪʥҲ޷Ϊʥ
֪Щ֪ЩϢ󣬻᲻᳦ӶˣЩַ޹أɴڻʥھޡ
ϾһôħޣĥֻؽŵȵȣҪʱȹ̡
οַҲһţַ嶼Ҫúõһڵַ壬ʥƣڻʥǣޱȵİȫҲõʲôÿԾĵ

ʱһţ£궼һ㲻䡣
һꡢꡢꡭ
ţתۼ͹ȥ˰ʱ⡣
һգ۵ʱ䣬ʵǰʱ䣬ڻУʱ㲻ʲô
ʱ䣬е˵ȴǼ尾
ʥеԴˣ꣬ÿһÿһ붼Ǽ尾ԴǴδսַʥ֮磬ʥ
ʱԴоЩֲԤУɱһ˿ҵ̬ʥ֮С
ڴŻȥսַ壬Դʯ
ֻǣʱһһĹȥ񶼰ʱ䣬綼ڴţʥʲôʱɾʥﻹ˸ȥַ壿
ˣԴ񳹵׵ľˡ
ʱ䣬ַûκζԸĴ㣬ûἰԴȴɲ뿪ʥǡ
ãΧ˵Ŀⶼ⣬һ뿪ʥǣ²ַ嶯֣Ըͣûնɱʥַ
ӣԴҪܲסҪˡ
ڤ˼죬գԴһҪľ
ಣ
ԴӰһֱӴռ䣬ȥ˾ʥǡ


1094 ʥ
ʥԴݼ
ʥǣר޽һʥƻֺ꣬Ϊַס
ʱ䣬ַһֱ棬棬Ѿŵ˲֪٣ڹֱ
ֻؽ磬Ҳʮϣ
ַ壬ʩչԪͨжǿַԼϾʱ䣬ַҲûгֹ
Դ񣿡
ַ۾ȻǵԴ񣬵ĸѣԴµ̻ᡣˣԴֻԴһֱڱʥڣַʥֻҪûдһλʥ𿹺⣬κβԴ
û뵽ԴȻˡ

ַѽȣ£ó־ܰס뿴Դ񾿾˵Щʲô
ܿ죬Դַǰ
ݼʥ
ԴɫӣҲ˿һַ壬ΪʥҲһ񣬱Ͼַ壬Ҫںʥ
Դ񣬴ĵģ
ֱַ˵˵
Դҡҡͷʥ˾֪СײʥԵֻۣʥһ棬С⣬һжԹһԻ⣡
˵꣬Դݵڵء
⣿
ַЩ죬񣬾Դһֱڱʥڣκβ˶Էοʱ䣬ַ첻ǵԴˣûԷ
ַ岢֪жأʱƣ˶϶ַ弴Ϊڰλʥոһգ긴һļ尾Դܳܵס
⣬һ⣬ʵתֻأһжԹһ⡣
Դ⣬һԹԵ⣬ˣ
ַ˵ͷԴ뿪ʥǣǰˡҪ⣬ѾǳϿ֮ˡοĸǱ٣ԴҲֱӶֵˡ
⣬൱һһԴܲܰȻػ۷壬˭Ҳ
лʥ
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ʵֹԣڻڲͬһЩԣֻʱֻаˣӰ컹û
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ַûлش𣬶Ԭʵ
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ʥѾѹһʥѾվ˻֮ۡңʥЭʥ𲻵òֻԴʯˡˣѳŻԴʯΣԶʥ
ò˵ԬǺпϵġ
ַЦЦȴҲû̫⡣Ԭ̫Сʥˣ֪Դʯɲֻǹϵһλʥ𣬸ؼģ»ǹϵ籾Դ
ֻǣַҲûʥ𣬵ţʱһȻʥʵԸ棬ż
ˣо°ɡ
Ԭֻܹ¡
ַź嫵ĻգаŻԴʯ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ
滹һЩ֪棬ʥΣ
ַ岻֪ʵʵѾԶԶĳ˻ʥޣʮͷʥ޶Ķ֡
թ֮ңַ֮һս
ʥܹ֮ǻףûսַҲûκεİա

ʱ䲻ϵš
ꡢꡢİꡢꡭ
תۼ䣬ʱȥˡһʱ䣬νǻΪʱˣûʲô·
˶ڴʥַ壬߹򣬳Ϊĵڰλʥýڰʥǡ
أ
һַ꣬ûгΪʥ𣬻ʱ̡̫
ַ꣬ûгΪʥʱѾһЩԡ
ַ꣬廹ûгΪʥѾңֻʥϣ˭ҷ
İַ꣬ûκζһЩ˼֮ѾͲסʼƲԴĸӾҡ
꣬˶ѾʧȥģѾȷʥַ壬鷳ˣ


1095 
ƽĻ磬粨ûϣӿԣ˾֪
˵ûʥַ壬ƺ޷߹򡣡
ǰѾˣʥûܳΪʥ𣬵ȷЩ˼顣
ԴʯʱйһЩɵġһԴʯ꣬ϾܹΪʥˣǰλʥĪˡ
ԣԣľʥҲõԴʯһһʮճ߹򣬳Ϊ˻ʥ𡣡
ʥ֮λεҪغ籾Դʱ䣬ʥ޷߹ǲ罫ԴʯûԴʯȥѡˡ
ûԴʯǾʹŵڰλʥѾӦýԴʯĵڰλʥλ
ңǻڶЩĲˡ
ַһֱʥǱģֲӣҲϹӣô֪ܲ
Ħᡣ
ַ۾˵
ʥкηԸ
Ħ湧վַǰԴӱַ塰շĦҲԾķŵ̬ͺһλһ˭뵽ǱλʥҪϵĶ
ԣ֪
ʥ֪
ο
Ħһַ壬ҲַƢԡַ忴ƺƣȴ˲Ҳ˵׼
Դʯַģַ岻Ͳ
뵽Ħ濪˵ЩԣӹŰˡʥܲ߹򣬻ԴʯʥУ˭᲻ɣʥǾͲã
ַ嵹Щ죬Ц˵Ħᣬ㵹˱ƢҲֻǣԴʯɲֻǳ߹ô򵥡Ҳʱˣȥݷþʥ汾һȥ
ĦһַȻҪȥݷûʥеĺ壬Ħ涼׼ֻǸͣҲѯʣֻȥ׼
ܿ죬ַĦŰݷþʥ
ʥãʥۡҲҵֱȥʥǰͨʥȻȻӦʣַǰȥݼ
ַ彫Ħ£һȥݼʥ
ݼʥ𣡡
ַҲһ
ʥض
һ徲ңʥ̬ȺͰɫƽַƺҲ⣬Ҳûʥļӡ
ʵϣַλʥҲǴǻʥҲԡϡַ̬λʥ
Ҫӡ
ַھʥҲ̸ʲô׽ȻҲʲô
λʥַ忴߸ϣһΪءַսƴЩħȴ¶˻Դʯ
ʥû֣ȴĬ˵ӻǰԴʯһЩⶼǼڲֻԴʯ
ַûʲôû֣֮ҲûжԴеģֻˡԻʥ׽ǸͲܡ
ʥ֮£ϣԼĵӣʥʱܼȡ
ڤʥΪһӣ׷ɱһͷʥޣչ
Щʥ𣬸߸ϣȻ⣬Ѿ˻籾ԴһӣĹֻҪûвǵĵλǾͻᳬȻ⣬Ͳ֡
ԴʯһַһֱռŻԴʯȴ޷ΪʥЩʥһ֡
Ϊ˱Щʥ֣Լ뱻ַ岻һЩǰݷþʥ
ʥһЩԣʥӦҲš
ֱַ˵˵
ȷ˽һ㡣ʥԺ⣿
ЩӹţҲǿѨ硣ʱ䣬ҳ߹򣬵ȷһ񡣡
ַ棬ƼٷǼٵĻûþʥɡ
ʥһ£üͷ˵ʥԲ飬ǻԴʯе߹򣬿ʥϡһʥҲ޷Ϊʥˣ˻һ£
ʵʥҲ²⣬ַ׿ڳϣȴþʥδ
ʥ𣬲֪Դʯ̺ʲôܣԴʯе߹ȴܸо߹ȫ
ַĿġ
ʥ˿ַ壬ΪΨһһλʥлԴʯҲȷʸ֪Щء
ʥ漴˵ǻأʵлʥ֪Դʯһоſţ̺žŵ߹ִһ߹򣬾ܽڻ統УΪ߸ϵĻʥ𡣻粻ƣʥ㲻𣡡
ڽֻǳ˰˿ŻԴʯһ־ſŻԴʯʥʵڤڤעЩǣѪȷᣬûãõ˻Դʯʥ޷߹ˣҵʥҲûжԻԴʯ֡
һλʥλͳԲˣȫʵҵȻʥΪ©ȱȫҵʥ𣬳Ҳ磬Ҳ磬䲻𣬵ȴѣԶҲ޷뿪硣
ǻأҲַǻΨһһλʥӵлԴʯĻʥҲ͸¶Ⱦء


1096 ʥϣ
ʥ𡣡
ַ֣£˵Ҳ˵λʥλǴ赲
λʥλȷǴҶҵʥҲкܴĺôΪֻоλʥλܼŴ߹ȫ֮磬ҵҲû罫ɣɳ
ַˣֻоλʥλܷӳ磬ɳ㡣
ˣλʥλǴǳ¡ôַ޷߹˵Ͳǡ顱ǻʥռŻԴʯʱڣʥạ̊́ǳʥͻˡ
ʥַˣлʥ𡣡
ʥȻַ֪ĿģʵҲַܿ壬ԭΪַǵڰλʥԸǰá
ֻϧַ궼û߹򣬰ľ飬ַȷǵڰλʥʥ֮λѾڤڤע
ͷûá
ʥҲֻһλԼоЩĪЩǿĶԴʯȴ䵽УҺܿԴʯе߹ϣɾ˻ʥ
ⲻڤڤעô

ַݷڤʥλʥ֮ܿ˽ЩʥźǶַܿ壬ЩʥȴƽһЩˡ
ԴʯַλʥУȻû˭ȥᡣ
ַȻǻʥôԴʯȻͻʱʥµĵӣǣͶ˻ᡣ
ַ岻ûԴʯǸͲܣַȻǰݷþʥǾ׼ˡ
οʥҲйע̬չʵڲУλʥҲַ֣λΨһʥѵҿλʥ𲻳ɣ
ûв͸ǽһЩʥй¶ӻѵ֮£Ϣܿʹ˻硣
ʥ׼Դʯųȥ
˵ʥѾȷʥȷ޷߹Ҳ˵ʥ޷Ϊʥ𣡡
ֻϧǰǳսô࣬ɾʥ޵ΪԴʯȴΪ˼¡
ǿϧʥʢΣ޷߹ǾԶֻʥ޷Ϊʥ𡣡
ʥ֮£ϣʥҲ⡣޷ΪʥһŬˡ
ϧ˰ûڣϲ
һսַʥ޵е˸һҹ֮䣬չ
룬ƶַܹΪʥַ彨ʥǺ󣬴Ӷռλã
ڣЩͶߣ԰ûڲѡ
ЩĦȭƣһԴʯǱضһѪȷˡ

ڤʥǣϼ۾
ڸոգӵڤʥĴѶ֪ʵ
ʥ޷߹򣿡
ϼѾ׷е˿ϣû뵽ϣˡֻ뵽պգѹһʥȴбɽȴ޷õеıзָӵĸо
ʥʹ츳߾Σʥ֮λڤڤעҲǿ󲻵á
ϼ뵽Լʦֶ񣬵Ҳ츳׿Σڷת޵ĻᶼûС
ʥ֮λ츳ʵͿԾģҪĻǻԵ

ϼҲõϢ
ȴ࣬Ҳʦ֪һЩԴʯİأʥ֮λڤڤעַλ޵еʥΪ£òеĻԴʯ͸пǧ
Ǻǣʥϰ
ϼͻȻЩʥַеϧʥ绪˫ʥ֮ѹһ
Щʥ޶ҷɶƾʵԶʥ֮
ʥȻ£ʥɾ
ʥѾ߿ܹߵ۷ˣϼ񶼼Ϊ壬֮ΪĿꡣ
Σ
ʥУϡ
˵ԴʯǾ͵÷ʥԤַλ޵еʥΣ
һʥǾԶϣ
ϼ֪ʥַôʥҲ൱ѡ޻סĻԴʯȴҪĽȥǺεȵı
ʥԼƿԼˣοЩ
һʱ䣬ϼҲЩˣһԴʯļƻûС

ڻЧ꣬׼ǡ
ҲҪϼҡ
ʵڱǸҲҪˡ
һλһλ񣬶Ƥǰַǣ˳ˡҲǹ˵ĹУɡ
һ˳ټ룡
ЩҲǵõϢַ֪ԶҲ޷Ϊʥ𣬱ֱˣ侮ʯ
Ԭޱȣ󺰵ǡǶˣʥ޷ΪʥҲʥ
ҵֻڻʥռһЩȻڿ޷Ըʥȫ
ЩɲΪǱͶΪڵڰʥռһЩλãַ޷Ϊʥﻹڻ˷ʱ䣿
ַһӵˡ
лʥ
һʱ䣬˳ˣټĻˣҲԵЩ
ԬַУƺоǵλʥ˿̵Ӱ֮£ҲԵһ˿


1097 Ϣ
Դʯ
ַ忴Ŵڵˣ˿ܹʣµģǻ˺еĺģ뻥˹ʹˡ
ַһһöͨͨʯУ˵ĺɵһͨ͡ʯ̺հ߹
ԴʯʣǻԴʯͨ񣬶ܹԴʯ
ʥ
ԬЩ⣬ַ嵱ó˻Դʯʲô
󷨴ʦרſٳһ԰ȫԽĵطڻرͻߣԻԴʯһµĽסֻһΣ˭ܹԴʯе߹򣬳ɾͻʥôԼ˻ף
䣡
ַ廰£ڵˣ·һƬհס
ַǸʲô
ҪԴʯ˲
⡭ֱǲ˼飬쿪
Ԭܿ侲ԣһоİ취ַ弴ʥҲ϶ܵ˺ܴѹΪַ޷߹򣬾ͲǻʥѡҪַװ׽Դʯô
ַѹһնɱ˲֪ٻ񡢻ޣܹŻԴʯҪ˲Ҳַ
һȻֻڻ˵ķΧڣԴʯ˲򣬵Ҳǲ򣬲ַռΪУǻʥҲ˵
һַռȨպܹ߹򣬳ΪʥҲǻ˵һԱҲַԼˡ
һ㣬ԬͳַһݵʥţˣɽԴʯεƿһ˵СߣղЩ뿪֮ˣһ˳ӣ
ȷղŽ뿪˵ˣһ֪ϢһڲΪȻ뿪һ뿪ԶҲ޷ټ롣
ˣϢȥɡ
ַ˻֣ҲһЩƣ˵ʥǵһ棬ˣ٣Эˡ
ʵǲʥ𡭡ʥռŻԴʯԶΣ
ַҡҡͷ֪Щ£õͷǵõͷڵԶԶûдﵽʥĵز
ӵ棬Ǿӵ޵Ŀܣ

ʲôֻҪ뻥ˣͻףܻòԴʯĻᣬôܣ
ź췽ҹ̷ȴǧȷ¡
ţʥ辶˶ΪʥύԴʯû뵽ȴ취
ôֻҪвԴʯĻᣬ뻥ֺη
ʥôóɾ͵ģ˵Ҿڤڤעأ
˵Ϣ˲硣
ǿǻԴʯǰԴʯǴǶʸûУֻܿ֡
һЩͨõ˻Դʯǿʱ䶼ûУѾ׷ɱ
أ
ֻҪ˻ˣֻҪ㹻ĹףǾܹĲԴʯûκΣա
Ͼʥ˭ȥ
οԴʯˣ˭ȥðյʥȥأ
һʱ䣬˳ױ񣬲ͨǶ񣬶׷׼뻥ˣҲڼ̵ʱڣѸٳΪĵһû֮һ
ϢλʥҲϲǲΰ룬ȴް취
ַ壬ʥְ취ҵҲ޷֡
ԴʯֻҪܱǾͷڤڤе⣬ϻתɣҵʥЭܲ֡
ֻǿϧʥԭΪǵڰλʥܹΪʥҲǻһʢ£ϧˡ
Ҳûʲôáʥʥʥ£û֮ˣЩʥǣָ޼ɵˡ
ǵýթ֮ҡϴʧͷħһֱûжһŹôõĻᡣ
ֻҪҲԳ֣Ǿ޷
λʥཻһ漴ͳȥַҪԴʯܹͨǾͷ˻ɣʥҲҲë֡
һʱ䣬˶˼磬ܲ˳ӿӻԾļ뵽ˡϾһǳɾأҲлԴʯ
ЩʥǣҲһĶѡԴʯʥַУѾˣѾˡ
ױʥˡ
˭뵽ʥַȻ޷߹򣬲ǻʥڤڤеѡ˵˼Ͷ
ַַųϢζţеκ񣬶лΪʥ


1098 һλ
ϼԭڤʥ¾ޡ
Ҳ֪Ϣɫǳӡ
ʦʥ𣿡
ڤڤתĹɣڰλʥ֣ұַ壬ֹ֪ɣӶӦ֮ʥԶԶиǡϧʦ֣ҲǣͲȥǾͷˡ
ڤʥҡҡͷַ˾٣ȷǿơǡλʥû뵽ġԭΪַ彫ܡ衱ĽԴʯȴû뵽ַ廹ǽȨյԼС
ڤʥ൱ַλʥ
ʦҿȥһ𣿡
ȻɵΪʦ赲㣿뻥ˣǾһһ⣬ʥǰ;
ףʦ̻塣
ǣϼһڤʥǡ
ϼƵĶ࣬ʥӣʥѣ֪һѵõĻᣬϼҲԾԾԣҴҵĸ˻ˡ

ΰħ£ʥַ幫ļֻҪ뻥ˣлԴʯǵĻᰡ
ԣԣԨħһ壬ϴʧأʧȥϣ
ԴʯһҪħ£ħܹԲǾٺòˣħµΪ˵ֱܹ߹򣬳ΪʥһԨһͳվ˽Ÿ
ͷħҲԨһнʣͷħˣ˵ϢһҲ˼
ǴδԻԴʯ졣
թ֮ңĿ䣬ƺԶľʥǷãҲŻڵЩʥ𣬲вԴʯĻᡣȴлᣬΣԴʯǶܷ
ħ£޷Դʯܹɹ
԰ǱϾ»ԴʯǲҲ޷еİء
ֻħԲ򣬲ǿ߹򣬳Ϊʥ𡣡
թ֮ȴһЦǲ򣬾͵ͬҲˡѵף
һͷħм˵ѵħҪöħ԰ħ¿öħǵڣЩʥҲֲˡ
ֻҪܹԴʯô൱ħ²ˡһɹ˻߹򣬳Ϊ˻ʥ𣬾ЩʥΣκβħ¡
ǰˣȡ뻥ˣҲҪòԪԴʯĻᣬֻǸʥַ壬ϣҪֹǡ
ߣҪֹħ´Ѹײڶ֮ƣնɱɴǹ˻ԴʯЩʥӦҲĶ֣ʯٰˡ
ЩħǣһĶĺܡǱںܾĥò׽һ磬ȻҪվȽŸ
Ϊˣ¸һдҲϧ

ʥڣѾ˳ӿиָĻ񣬶Ѿϸ˾ʥǵС
ˣ
ʱΪַ岼ַҪ󡣻Դʯ֮أͷģھʥڲ֣ܶԴʯջ̫Ϊ˱գˣеķʩһС
ʥڵʦҲˡ
ˣóʥĻҲñסһʱ䡣ʥԳ֣Ҳܳһʱ䣬϶ϲܽԴʯϢĴȥ
ЦŶַ˵
õ󣬱Ȼŵù
ַ壬ЩӡַһæַָպΪӵ˶ʵֳַܹŵ
ڣַɾ󣬺ֹǶô򵥣ȻһԾΪʥΨһһλʥѹһ
ǺεȵľףдûгֹʥַȴΪʥλʥǿʵʵķˣɱһѪ·Ӷ͵ϡ
û˸СʥˣԼʵţǸƻȴΪַͻȻʥʵԶԶ֮ϣȴ˹ġ
ˣҪֵַĳŵȴٳٶû
ģӦĳŵʱЧ
ַ廹ΪڵĵӦĳŵأˣģַԽ˵ȴԽǸӡ
һͿ๦ߣ֪ûȤ뻥ˣ
뻥ˣ
΢΢һ㶡
ԣ뻥ˡԴʯУѾһʱˣֻϧһλ߻ûг֡Ը뻥ˣԻ˲Ĺ⹱㹻ˣˣһλԴʯĲߣ񣬲֪Σ
ʲôҲԴʯ
۾·𲻸ƵġǿǻԴʯʵҲûܹԴʯ
ڻȴĳǰ
ԣǲԴʯԸ⣿
ַٴȷϵ
Ը⣬Ը⣬λ᲻Ը⣿磬ûλܹܾʢ顭
ϳɳصҲ޷סĵļ


1099 ħˣ
жΪʥַ彫Դʯó¶䶯ţڲҲǺ֡
֮ǰ˳˵ˣһĶɵˣޱȵİûڡ
ֹؼʱ˳ˣͬһֱѡʥȻû׷ǣǻ뻥ˣǳ˵ˡ
вޣΣԵӴĻˣ޵еʥֻܽݲްĲԴʯûǵķˡ
˹עصǣ˭ܹΪһԴʯˡ
ڲҲһЩԾԾԡ۹ʣӦǸԬԬż֪ܲԴʯǻҲż
ʲôһԴʯ
û뵽Ȼ񡣡
Ҳ˵ͨϾǾʥǵһʦ󣬲ֲõģд˹뻥ˣĹ಻СȫԳΪһλԴʯ񡣡
ǺһռȻֻǲ֪ܲܰסᣬΪʥ𣿡
ڵ֪Ϊ˵һλԴʯʱһĶޱȸ̾ҲЩܽȡ
ǲʵʥڤڤСעΪȲ߹򣬾һռȻ
ʵأڤڤѡĻʥ𣬾Դʯ꣬ҲΪʥ
ǣ˶ĬĬĵȴŽ
һʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ̡һչأһգʱ͹ȥˣǹעŽôǶ꣬ÿһÿһ붼
ַ嵹Ǻܡ򶨡Ͼ֪硰ءˡʥڤڤоעѡпܲһ죬߹
ʥǾԶʥ𡣲ʥ𣬲ãǵڼλ򣬶ûκ
ܿ죬һµʱ㵽ˡ

УһӰпȻһǰŽ
Σ
ַЦʵ
־ϲЩźҡҡͷ߹򲩴ֻϧ޷еС
޷ַϵˣȴϲһλҲʹлᡣ
ЦЦһȥԴʯûᵽڻ񣬲ҵģվҵġ
Ŀһַ壬ʵڲ߹󣬶һԼ֪߹ζʲô
߹򣬲Ƕôô档޷Ǿ޷߹Ҳ˵޷Ϊʥ
֮ˣѾעˣ
ʥܸλᣬʤм
ַһݣĸмַ塣
ַЦ˵޷õõģ㲼õЩ󣬹ѫ׿ҲǶԻ˵ĹסĳŵЧʱұֳŵ
ַϴĳŵԴʯַ塰ֳŵķʽ
⡭
һǵ˵ͷһȥϸǣԵʥظ
á
漴뿪ˡ
뿪ٴηڡ
Ȼַ塰ó˻Դʯ㣬ó˲ˣȻûܳɹ߹򣬵ûϲ˶ϣǻʥô
ġ˵ʱ˾͸ӵĻˡ
ͨǶ񣬲֮ǰûмһ˳ͳͳ׼뻥ˡ
֮ǰЩ뿪˻˵񣬼ֱܵһ㱩̲ڳЦš
ЩĿ⣬ͶΪַλʥ޷ɾʥ𣬾侮ʯ׷סַ壬ˡ
أ
ַɻʥɻƹŻԴʯһβᣬͷȻ޴뿪
ɳΪ˻еĴЦ
ЩҲڻ㣬׷չأ۲Ĳ
Ȼ˲ԴʯĻᣬԴʯҲһֱ˲ַҲƶһЩƶȡ
磬Ҫ򣬱ڻдﵽʲô֮࣬緢˻½ֻ߽½뻥˵ȵȷʽһĹף˲ܹòԴʯĻᡣ
һЩ񣬱ҧҧԼһЩҵ׶˳µļ½ͳͳ뵽˻ˡ
һ˵ĵҲڽһļǿš
ŻԴʯҲԽԽ࣬иĻסˡ
УԨ֮ǵͷħҲͼ뻥ˣһźü½һ뻥ˡ
ջ֮ǰĹ涨һЩħ뻥ˣǹ㹻Դʯˡ
ֻǣѵЩħҲòԴʯĻ᣿
˵ǲţ»㱨ʥַǰ


1100 ңʹ
ħ
ַüͷЩħȻˣĲŲԴʯ
ֻǣ»ʥûκεġʾֻͷħʥҲò֡
˻ǵ
ַҡҡͷЩʥЩħֱץס˰ѱûа취ЩħԶԴʯȴû޷Գ֡
ַֻλʥ䵱ˡ
ַӦЩħԴʯЩʥ̾ͻᡰԳ֡

ַԽԽãڻУʥ߸ϣһнΪϵ̬ˡ
ûлʥַҲЩħǲԴʯ
߰ɣȥ
ǣַȥ˻˴
ڻ˴ͷħɢſµԨϢڵǼǴһĲơ
ţ
Ȼͷħ̧ͷǰ档
ˡ
ʥЩħȻҲ뻥ˡ
ͷħַ壬ɫҲԭŰħʮͷħǱַնɱĶħоͷ
ˣַλʥħҲǳļɵ

ַ忪ʵ
ͷħҪ뻥ˡ
ţ뻥ˣ
ͷħæ˵ʥ߶ǻ˵Ĺأ߲ܣ뻥ˣкβɣ
ʵҪ뻥ˡ
ǻ˼½Ըˡ
ͷħҲ׷˵
ͼƻ˵ģЩ½ҲǴߵģʲô潻
ַɫһ䣬ն˵ǲԭĻҲԸһ˴ּǾ໥ָߡڻ˿ɿһͷޣǶħߣ뻥ˣܣ㹻ô
ַĻһˮͷħͷϡ
ʲôɣַʱ֮ʣһô桱֮ʣ֮⣬ǲ
ûʲôɽ
ַ壬˽թԼµĹҲô
ЩħҪأ潲أӦûصˣƤĴڻ֮С
ַԴ֮ԱǣħѵǾͺް취밴չ£Ǹ޻̸֮
ħûʲô̸ġ
˵ĺãЩħǷı죬ȾָԴʯ룡
ʥǲѵǶħǻܹԹԹغ򲻳ɣ
ڻͲˣȾָԴʯǳ롣
ΧߣһҲ֮Աǡ
ͷħһ˶޷룬֮ǰǼƻһ뻥ˣٳûԴʯӶԴʯ
ʵǱϵİħԲ
ԴʯĻᶼûУǻħ
ַ壬̫
ͷħ䣬ɱȻ
ôڻʥǶ֣ǵħҲסǣ
ַüëһ˿ûнͷħУʥ֣ʰͷħ
֣
ȻһĮ
ͷħ΢΢һ㶣ȴĶˡ
䣡
޾ԨϢŰھʥ֮ڡͷħһͬʱǵĶħѸ˺ѣɳѪ⣬һ޴
ңڲϵţͷ­ֱۣ˲ͳɸߣԶԶȥͬһźڶһ㣬ΧһС
Ԩ֮ң
ǰͷħзɳѪ⣬ͻȻɵһӰȻħңһʱ䣬ܵĻƺЩûзӦͱħҵֱ˲ץס
͡
ץסЩֱӾ˴֮Уת˲ɽڣʱ޴Ķħ֮Եøӵʵˡ
һ̣ħȻѾûַҪٶȣݿƵĽַնɱȡԴʯ
Ԩ֮ңң
֮Уʥܻ
ֻϧʥٶٿ죬Ҳ첻˿̵İңѾ˾޴ֱֱۣС
žħʧȥԨħҲħõкãգۼͱƳǾʥܻŭţҪ٣ϧһдֹҡ
ʥֹ
ѾˣѾ¶һ˿ЦݣѾǿŻԴʯɢصϢ߹Ĳ
ֻҪ˻ԴʯħţһƳ߹İأӶջ߹򣬳Ϊʥ֮һ׵ڻվȽŸ
ʱ򣬾λʥΣʥɱʥġ
ޱ˷ܣ·һ̾ҪץԴʯʱȻһ
ңҪ߻Դʯʹ𣿡


1101 ħһ
ңҪ߻Դʯʹ𣿡
Ȼ֮䣬һĮͬʱڣֳһӰȻʥַ壡
ֻǣ֪ʲôʱʥַȻ֮ڣŻԴʯĿĿħҡ
Դʯң
ħҳ׷ˣֻûκֱͣͣӾʥַݺȥħľһʧȥԨħҵʵҲǳֲʥһֻǳ־ԣԶԶʥǣһһ㡣
һΣħȻѾƸۣû˿·ˣһڱصãҪõԴʯǰʲô赲ͳͳҪѹ촷ۡ
ʥˣ
Ӱħҷˡ
Ͻ㿪ħЪ˹ֻʥܶԿ
ħҷһ£˶ľսһͻ½¶Ҫĵķɡ
ǻʥǣһ£ҲҪֱѾܾ߱ˣֻлԨܾ߱Ŀֲ
ħ߻ʥⶼ׼Ĵڣִһ֣Ǳضѣһ޴綼ᱻ÷ֱ
һַ̣Уֻħҵһƣַ壬Ҳо޾в·һ£ֶΣжĵķ顣
Ǵϵѹ
һΣַ׼ڵȫһַȴûȫĶѾͶ뵽浱С
Ԫ磡
ַ֪Ѿû·׼һεȿֲ˵ڶ㣬ڶ㵽ǧ֮ңкã
ǾֻӲƴοַҲڴ׼һҪ׼ڣжĲࣿ
ǣԪͨʩչַı󣬸ֳһ޴Ӱ飬·С
ǧħԼ֮ǰһЩ飬ƺӦַ鷳ǣǧħҲȫĸӦ棬Ȼ׳ǵһ
ʱǧƺһ뵽浱УַġԪͨһӱøǿԼѾһΡ
ԶԶ֮ͨϵĿֲַҲ֪ͨжǿ֪ѾȫԸܹ
棬Ѿŵ֪ʲôزֱѾڹ꣬Ӵ
ˣܹҲԶַ
¡
ֲݺײһַػ涼ݺһ˺ѵĸоʥǣһӶֲನڻʥŰκ赲סֲನ
ң
ʥѾʱϵˣصĻ֮˲併٣һӰסħҡ
¡¡
λ׼ڵȫ֣ǺεȵĿֲΧ񣬶ĺˣ뿪˻ʥǡ
ֻǣ˶ֱĸо
ʥѹһʥΨһһλʥôˣҺףħһƴ򱬡
ǿʥһ
ʥ֮£ϣ⼸ѾبŲˣû˭ܹʥ֮»ܰȻǵľͷѣҲǵһʱӽ˻֮Уûڤʥ֡
һŻԴʯαأ
ΪһŻԴʯʥҲˣ
ԴʯÿһγֶѪȷ磬綯ֻһΣȴʥ䣬ʥ𼶴ڵĽ棬⡭ֱ˼顣
ʥǿܹѹһʥ𼶴ǰǲʥ֮£ϡ
̳񶼳Ĭ
ϼ·𲻸Ƶģʥλһ绪ʥôˣʵ̫ʵˡ
ʥ𼶴һ֮£ʲô漣
û漣Ͳ漣ʥˣ

˵˶ʹޱȵ塣ǻʥַ壬ܹߵһΪһָӴ
ʥˣ˵ķֱҲɱ⡣
ħң
ʱڤʥҲϵˡ
ʱλʥͬʱ֣ħסйţƺѹסһɹԨ
˳֮£ǹԨѹסˡ
˿̣Ҳ¶ħҵӰ
ɫ԰ףͷ­ϵĻζţȻҲҪܲסˣԨ֮ԨӡԨˣҲòԨ֧֣ˣһһ㣬λʥĶ֣
λʥαضŭԴʯûеõ
Żʥǵķ¶һ˿ɬЦݡ
ţûеõԴʯܣղһѾʥ𼶴ڵһôܡ
ʥû£ʥǵ̳ѾɢһϤӰʥ֮С


1102 ʥɻʥ
ȿȡ
ڻʥ֮еǵӰɫ԰ףңϢޱȺ󣬱ӰЯŹĿֲƣ˲ֱӡ
ңԨħҲˣ
ַĻƺƵڻʥлص
ĳһ̣ȴû˸Ҹ
ʥʥʥûѾˣڣʥȴڿڳħҡ
һʱ䣬з·ּ飬Ҫӿ
ãħȴĿַһۣȴûжŭλʥԴʯûеõλҪôҪ֣ϾɱǱʹƴԨһϾҲὫ귢͸ħ
вǳв
ΣǻİѱץħҵС
ħҿԲ֮ǰЭԲϧһдۣţʥȴǺʹɱħңȴҡ
ߣң´Σնģ
ʥһڤʥҲΣ緽ȷûʲôʧʥַûԴʯҲɻַУħ澡ʧ
ھʥвħҸͲںֻĿһַ壬㻯һ̣ʧ˻֮С
ʥڤʥĿַһۣǶ벻ͨΪַܹħһ
Ҫ֪һʥ𼶴һȫһҲֵֻزˡַȴϢ䡣
ʥ𼶴ȫһ²ʥַ壬㵱Ϊһˣ
ʥ˵꣬ڤʥһͬʧ˻յС
䣡
޲𺳡
ʥǾ䡰ʥ𼶴ȫһ²ʥַ壬㵱Ϊһˣֱġ
һ˰Ǻεȵĳޣ
һǳʥ֮ڣǵַΪʥѹһҲûλʥ˽ڳޡ
Ѿﵽ۷壬ͳʥĵλˡ
˸̾޷߹򣬼޷Ϊʥ𣬵Σʥɻʥ޵У
ǰʥɻվڻ֮۷壬꣬Ҳǻۣ֮
ЦЩ˳˻˵Ŀεȶǳʶǰʥ֮ʥ½һΣǸ߸ϵʥοʥǰȫһʥѾֱ׷ʥˣ
ʥҵߵ׷ʥֻôȼλ߹򣬴мܹΪʥ𣿶ÿԵˡȻʥͬʥԼԭҵߣԼҲߵһʥʵҵߵĿģ
ܹʥһȻ۷壡ֻҪУܵʥһزʥ಻Զӣкź
һʱ䣬ƺȻ򡱣ŻʥַӰ޲羴վۣ֮ԶԶȳΪʥʵ
ǳϼϼĦȶ񣬴˿Ҳ㶵Ŀַ塣һΣַǵĳʵ̫̫ˡ
ʥ֮£ϡ
ַȴ˻بŲĶʥ֮£ҲϣܹеʥĵزҲʥ
޷ʥ𣬵ʥǰסʥк
ҪǣʥǸ߸ϣлԴʯжϻ߹򣬳Ϊʥ
ʥ֮λֻоλĿǰǽֻʣλˡ
˭ָԼʣ˶ٻ·ߵ۷塣
ʥɻʥ
ϼţҲתʧ
һսעΪеľһսᱻǡ
ʥħȫһ֮£Ȼɾʥ֮۷

ַ巵˻ʥǵҵУ˿̣ɫޱϲȴķţһսĽַԼԣҲǼ𺳡
ԭ֪Ѿɳĵزɵֵʥһ
֮ǰַɣֻħǿֲһʱᵽΪʥǸ߸ϣʥ֮½ϡ
˾
ַȴסˣǿԪͨסˣܣסħҵһַҲ˺ܴĴۡ
˿ַ̣彫ʶ浱С
棬Ѿҳһ࣬飬ѷ졣ħһͽ򱬣ڣֻؽûҲǿάֻ֣ĺܴˡ
ҵȫԸܵסʥȫ
ַѾ˶ԼĿǰʵĺֻܵסʥͻûп֮
ڶ˵Ǻεȵ׳٣˭ܹаյסʥĹ˵ˡ
ַ⻹ԶԶ
ַĿ꣬ɲֻܹסʥĿɲǽʥǰס
Ŀ꣬ǿʥʥ֮ϣ߹򣬲Դʯ
ʥҪʥ֮ϣ
ƺ췽ҹ̷ַ˵ȴǲܡֻ棬ĿǰԶԶַʥ𿹺⣬˵ڻʥ֮ˡ
滹üǿڻ֮ڣѾԶԶ޷ҵǿˡ
ַĿ⣬Զһ޼ʵĻ˼


1103 
ʱţоһһġ¼񽥽ƽˡԴʯַУڻˣǶԻйߣּ˻˵񣬾ͿԵõԴʯһµʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ԴʯʹãԼڡ滯͡򻯡ûַ壬Ҳܾ˭ȥԴʯһЩס
ʮλ񣬶ԴʯˣͨҲһĶ
ֻϧǲԴʯߣһĶɥҡͷ̾ϢȻǶʧˣûκһλ߹Ҳ˵еڰλʥ𣬻ûе
ʥ֮λδ
Ѿһʱ䣬ԴϴβԴʯڽܹĵ׼ʲô˼ʲô
ʥ𰡣ֻϧнֻһҲΪˡ޷Ϊʥ𣬻ֻǸ취ˡҺãʥֵΣ
۾ʥַ֣Դʯȴسŵ
ʥ㲻سŵΣ˵ʥһβԴʯĻᣬ͵ǶֳŵˣԼҲʲôͻأ
ʥԹһнѭ򡢹
ɱŶԵǸŵ
ļƻַΪӵ˶ʵȻȥַһж
ʱ򣬾ַʲô뷨Ҳܿס
˭뵽ַʥһ񷴵û˰գ˾ϵڡ
Դʯȼһ˿˿ϣԼңڣѾԴʯˣϣǸʵˡ
ڻ֮УܽԶԶ޷һ
Ҫġ
뵽۾˼֮Ȼ¶˾ģ漴۾Żȥ

ˣַѾԴʯУھʥǣʥ𶼺ܹעǰٴգĻû˭ǿԴʯ
ʱ䣬ַһֱ棬ָֻ˹ȥϾһشȴû˵ֻؽ磬ָܻܿ
һֱûħ̺Ӵ֮ˣһֱͶû
ַҲܽһСϡҪţضҪӴӴ⣬ûܴһЩӡǡ
ԨӡǣЩħʹԨӡǡ
ֻûĹֻЩӡǣֻؽǿ󣬸ơֻؽ磬ĻǳҪ
ܹңַţֻһܹٶһΣ泹ŵܹʥĳ̶ȡ
ֻϧʥκβ˰ңַҲֻˣŻİѱڰҵУǻʥҲұȸ
˵ַҪĿǰû
ʥ
񣿡
ַ嵹û뵽ݷѵΪֳŵƺҲֻˡ
ڡ
̷ַԸȥʲô£ҪɱŵַȻѣϾǰַܴæ
ܿ죬ַǰ
ݼʥ
Ҳַһ
ַЦ˵񲻱ؿ£
Щԥһҧ˵֪ǰʥ˵ŵ֮£ɻ
ȻŵԻ֡豾֣ܵǡ
ַɫһ
á
ɫԻһ漴˵˴ǰȷһʥ
£
ʥ֮ǰ֮Ҫʥ³ŵΪ˴£Ѿıʱ䣬һֱı¡񣬻ԴʯѾˣ֪ڤڤ⣬Ҳʥѡˣֻȥƴһƴˡʥңȥһ˻򣡡
ţ򣿡
ַһ㶣ǻȥʲô
ɻĿ⣬ַ
ƺַ֪ɻ˵ʥʵһֱһܡܹ֮Ϊʥǵһʦ磬泬ԽҵģҸ˵ҲûмΪܣҲܳΪһָʦ
˵ڻ
ֻͨʱ򣬻Եɺ֮£һĵطһ˻һָʦǸطܣֺֹ΢ĩ֪ʶһΰڣµһţͨţҲһƬ˼硣
Ļַ͵һ


1104 
˵ʲôͨһ磿
ַ۾Щ̫šʥϢҲĳޱȵļ
УããһƬԨħһ壬꣬Žҵ˻ôһ硣
ȴ˵Уһţͨһ磬ôܣ
ַ弤ı飬˿ǧȷЩ꣬ҶǱŵЩѾоĲˣȻ޷ƿ󣬵Ҹҿ϶һһڴҾͲˡһǴ󵽺ԶԶľ룬òǸԶĴˣж֮Ӧһ硣
Ȼֻҵжϡ޾֮УָĿܶУǸֻܴ޾ĺУֻһ壬ⶼпܵġ
˵꣬Ͳ˵ˡ
ܣַ塰̹סˡΪҪ˵ַλʥ뵽֮УǱضùַ壿
ҵǸط𲻱Ҫ鷳
ַĬˣĳ
ãַųʵ嫻ʥ޷ǾλãȷһִܵﵱǸط
ʥǸطڲͬΪѰҡЩ꣬ѾƽеһЩֱܹӴ͹ȥͲҪѰҡ
͹ȥ󣬻ܷٻ
ȻܹٷأֻǣֻҵƲ⣬ǸطʲôرĽ֮࣬ҵͲˡֿԲ󣬷صĿԺܴ󡣡
ַ˵ͷҪˡ
ҪڻѰңҲûʧΣգҲԷأǾ˵ʲôԾʱˣܹص֮С
һжֻܽŵǰ֮£ַĶܲһ
ŵù
οʲôҪƭַ壿Ҫַ֪ʥĻҪɱ׾١
Ҳˣôʱַ壬ʵַҲһĹǡ
úַ建ڵгŵڣضӦ岻ݴǡǣʵ̫󣬱Ҳ޷϶Ĵ𸴡ԴӦȥ̽һ˲
ɫһϲףʥҲش˿̾ʹӦȥһ֪Էˡ
ֻҪַܹӦȥһĿľʹﵽˡ
׼ʲôʱȥ
һжѾ׼׵ˣʥ
ַһ󣬱ȥѰ񡣡
һΪ
˵꣬뿪
뿪ıӰַʼûˣеҲΪȷһʧ
ڿǻһַʥҪ鵽ʲôϣʥûʲô
ʥǵһЩضܲ鵽
ϣڷַǰһЩƷǳصҲһַϸĲ鿴ȷأҲͻȻҲڻʱչֳ츳
ܲóǵһλ˺ܴĺ䶯
ңϣһλУȷǽƵ˻֮Уʱ̣ܶͷˣҿܹ󣬵õһλıӻӶУճΪ񣬷ɱλУӴ˳ɾ
һȫµ磬һȥ٣ҵзѾȷֻܲͣӶᡢɣڻ֮УѾ޷Ҫˡ
ַ峤̾һʥ֮·˵ҲСһͶ·
֮·Ѿߵ˾ͷ޷߹Ҳ޷ɾͻʥ𣬼ڻ֮УҲ°ˡ
ַ·עһӶᡢ֮·
ԨܽԨɣǽһԾΪʥҪµĿֲڣַơ
ȻҪɡӶһ磬ǺεȵѣϾһûʥ־Ǿǿ
ңǰһȫµ磬һһޱǿ磬Ȼ绹ҪǿַΣ
ͻһǿַҲ޿κΡһλʥֻҪַܻ棬ڵַ壬Ȼǻʥų޽ӽʥ𣬵ʵַֻԼ֪ʥ֮Ĳ࣬ʵǺܴ
һ蹵Խ
Σǵȥһ̽һȻ
ַа¶ġ
ǣַչأʵϢǰסѰ


1105 ֮
ʥһ׼׵ˡ
סһܴң˵ң˵ܵĵ´
ϣǽϣ󣬼ַһ˽⣬ҲЩá
ЩǴ󣿡
Ȼǽϵ󣬶ΪȶõΪ͵ľԶǳ˻ķΧ޷Ҫȶס󡣡
ַ˵ͷԭҲֻ֪ƺҪҪôתģ
ԴˣҲϸĽ͡
ԭȷҪΪٲһЩˣڻҲȫûл֮£Ҫ缫ƷԪ
ֻԪһЩӡǣҲӴȻԼ
ãһоͶİš
ǣվһҵУ飬ȫַ忴óҲǳСĽͬҲܼ
˫ֽһӡ˲ɳе
ˣ
еʼַĸܵܵĿռŤţһȻ˲ϡ
ǿַԸ⣬Ҳ˲ʩչԪͨѳûУҪѣ
ৣ
һ죬ַӰʧУûһۼ
ŤŤϵŤ
ֺֻ꣬һɲǡַ˼ά·ЩͣˣоԼ˺ܳܳľ롣
ƽʱڻдƺܲһ
ಣ
һжֹʱַ۾һʱͿߵ񡣶ҲַһãȻʧĸо
һδζǲܡ
ҡҡλεվַѾһʱ俪ʼ䣬Ҿʼ˷ɢȥ
ﲢǺڰйƺǺܴ󣬶һصƺַ̽
һ½Ƭڴ½֮⣬޾Ļ򡣡
ַվĿ֮ʵѾԿһƬˡʵڱ½ƬܻӰ졣
ңַ嶼ľĸоʩչԪͨҲһܹЩ
ǲ˼飬ʥҲ޷óЩ󡣡
ַе̾ʥ֮ǿǻһ뿪˻磬㻹ǺǿҲһһ㡣
ھϣʥʵһľ硣
ôǿ󣬿¾ʥҲһܹƿڻ֮Уʥһ޷ó
ôЩǺ˲óģ
ѵбʥ׻ҪǿĴڣ
һʱ䣬ַ˳˼뵽ԨħһЩħţЩħͬȳһޱȵǿ󣬼ǵԨԼ֣ħݿ㣬˲ݻ١
Ϊħǿ
ַ岻֪ƺ֮⣬޾ĺ򣬻ܣַġ
ʥҵײĵطǸǱ޹һ󣬽ֻԶƤëȴѾ˻һʦǲ
Щޱȵ˷ܣͬʱЩ
ѵûΣգ
ַ뵽һֿܣûΣգΪȴĻǣһֱַһ룿
ʵҪţȷЩ鷳٣ƾһ֮޷ţҲʥԭ򡣡
ַ˵ͷ⴦طʵ̫ˣ಼ַƣϸȫһ
ңַĴȥһԴĵطйһΰס
ܹڻ棬ܲóЩĪǿһܲ򵥡񣬵뿪طģ
ַܵǿҪ뿪ϼѣûаմЩ뿪ģ
ʥطʵһλΰסλΰĵطоסĵطȻҲšʥ뿴ž
ַָķȥȻһšڴŴƺͱȽϼˡ
ܼ򵥣׾뿪뿪ȴ޾ĺ򣬵ż뿪ʹӴ뿪ˣԵɺ֮£һЩҾȻҵ˷ػİ취ˣżѵķ˻硣
ַ˵ͷ˭ײصĵطҲЩҡܹҵ뿪İ취Ȼ߾ȫҪ뿪
ٴνɾͲż뿪ˣҪҿܡ
ȥŰɡ
ַ忴һܣȻ棬ȴʲôûС˵סΰǴݲȵ뿪ȫˣûʣһ㶫
˵ͷطҲŷǳ档
Ҫȴôףûַ壬һҲѡٴν


1106 ʱ
񣬴˲ȣһܵƵͨԽߣԽһѹ֣ߵΣոо

Ȼһˮַ̧ͷȥڹܵľͷһţǳľ޴ʣʥϢ
š
ַһʱͱסˣҪ̽ȴһε赲
һš
ַ循̾һͲܹͨ졣ô֪ͨһ磿
ʥǰţȻ֪ˡ
ַ˵ͷ漴Ŀȹš
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ַԺһ𣬷·һƬհסţһϢԺУһº͵ˣ೤ʱˣһԪԪʱ̫ˣʵҲͦģǾһ㶫лԵĺ˰ɡʱߣ֣Ѿܾúܾû˳ƺ֮ˣȳΪɡᴩʱյУƬ磬ƬҲͦ˼СС磬ǧٹ֣㶺һʱ䡣ǰûǸһ㶫һʱ֮š
ʱ֮ţʮ˼磬͵ƬʱոµһСɡʱ֮ţɽʱ֮ź磬ʮ֮ʱ֮Իʧ˵˰ϧĻɡԵ׼ˣ㹻ˣҲ׼ЩɶѰһǻġΪС룬ڽʱ֮ǰȴµʱձʿɡܻʱձʿζţѾ߱˳ıʵˣǾͿԽʱմˣףˡ
ʧַҲֵ״̬˹˿ܣֻվȾ޴ĹǰŻһξ롣
ʱߣ
ַš
Ϣֱ˷˼
Ϊʱߣ
ȹűʮ磬ֻλʱߵһСǲ˼飬λʱߣָǺεΰ
ʥյϢ˰ɣ
ŵʵ
ַ˵ͷԣѾյϢطһλʱµģȹűʮ磬ʱǵһС
ǰʱߡǺεΰһص󣬾һֱռⷽϢȴδšȷһһλΰڡ
ַĬˣԽеĵزԽǾηδ֪ľηԭ嫻֮⣬˵ľʡ
򣿻ʥ˵ǿֲ㣬޷ϤܡλΰʱߣȴȻڴ
һһλΰ󵽳˳ΰ
λΰַ̫Զ̫Զˣַӹעȹűӵʮ硣
ˣҵԭ򣬾ΪʱµĿ飬ûܻʱ
ַȻĿġ
˵ͷյϢ󣬾²Ҫšֻϧλʱһסһص磬е񣬵ԽУԽǸоľǶ񣬿ҲʱĶ֡ˣֻʥܳţλʱ
ʱ
ַ˿ԡ
صʱߣµʱֻһСԡʱ˵ֵһᣬַ塢˵Խǵ
ΣַҪһԡҸ˵ʱսƺҲûʲôΣգʱֻܣնɱ
ַ̤ʱ֮ȥ
ˣ
ܿ죬һַ壬ţַоתܵĻ񶼱ˣͷ·һһĿռ䡣
⵽ǴǻҲǻطȷ󣬾俪ȥ޷̽ͷ
ʱߵֶΣ׽񡣵ĵطȷʺսģܶöôֲõĲܡ
ৣ
ڵУһȫ׵ˣַߣĻЩȫ׵Уס
ƺҲûʲôǿϢֳһͬ׵ͨʿһַȴС֪ʱձʿ
ַ岻˿ʩչʥ壬һ͵ʮɸߣһȼܵĻ档
֮Ҳתȫûһı
ݣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʱձʿͶˣûһ˿ۼգۼ͵ַǰ
⡭
ַд󾪣ʱձʿղżûκδ߷еĺۼ˲͵ǰֱ֪
սḻַ壬ȴķӦֱһ£Ӱ
һѾڵ֮ȫԸ


1107 ʱգΨһ
¡
ַԪͨǿ󣿼ħҵȫһֵܹסվʥ˵Ǿʥȫһ
ĪʱַɲһСһʼþȫ֮Ѿעַڡ
ʱͺΪһ⣬ôֱһն¡
⣬ַûиоκεеģֻǴ⣬ޱȵĴ⣬ôһն¡

ַʥϣһۣȻ飬ΪĻ棬ɢյС
ôܣ
ַ۾ʥ壬һ֮Ĺעôôһ
ʵǰǹɿ񱩵Ľ⣬ַʥпַ꣬ʥȻ飬Ϊ촷ַۡȴûĸ档
ǵħȫһҲûַܷʥ塣
Ԫ磡
ַ䣬ʱҲκֲ֡Ԫ֮ͨ͵һţͬһĭһ㣬˲䱬ը

ʱΣȴһʧˡڿռ֮ڣַԪͨҲһӴ˸ա
ʱʱѵʱ֮У
ַһʱհʱղʱô򵥣Ҳƿʱ䣬ܹʱô򵥡ǴĳһʱУ⴩
ֲΣ˵ַˣʥҲ޷磬ʥ޷󵽹ȥѾ˾ȻͲܡ
ʱȴԣΪԴʱաһʱϣһʱգԱʱκӰ졣
ȸľ磬ҲַΪ֮ƿһУܹ˽⡣
ݣ
Ȼʱ³ˣһն£ҫͬͻһҫۣ˿ĵֿ֮ģߣ˾
Ԫ磡
ַʩչԪͨǵݺݵײһ
䣡
ַһȴھҵ𵴣ѷ죬һ£Ҳ֧Ųס
һӲӲַʱġϸ٣ʱһħҸǿ
ֻǺħ൱ˡ
ңԷķӦҲǺǿֶֻʱյʵ̫ˣ޽⡣ַû뵽ʲôõİ취
Ҫʱַ뷨ʵ֡һ֣ǾƷԾԵԶԶǿʱħң߻ʥǿӦþܹʱ
ʱı׼Ӧþֱ׼
ڶְ취ǾǺģʥԽô޾Ҳܺʱ
ֻҪûʥץסһλᣬôʱˡ
֮⣬ƺ
ֻϧַ޷ԽʥҲ޷ʥһӵ޾ιͳܲסˡ
ְ취УǾְֻ취ȡһЩİ취
ݣ
ʱٴƾճ֣һۼ׽ˡ
ַʩչԪͨǿֵסѾǵڶˣû취Ǿʧˡ
룬룬侲һҪ侲ʱԲ޵Уһа취ֻû뵽ˡ
ַǿԼ侲ʱǶʱգ޷ۼûһְ취ʱ޷ʱգ
ְ취
ৣ
ַԺһְ취
ʱɣ潵٣
ַһ𣬶ʱ˲併٣ķΧֻҪʱ֣ͻᱻ֡
¡¡
Ȼַ潵٣ʱƺЩ㵣һӱ㲻ĳˡַ֮׷ѹʱٴζʱգȴһʧˡ
޷ʱˡ
ҵΨһֻһʱߣûʱգԣܰѡ
ַЦš֪ʱʱյԭʲôȴʱ䷨򣬶ַεƿš
ڵһУַƿء
˵ʱգôַţκʱУֻһ棬Ψһǲɸơ
κʱգַֻһܴŵڶַ塣
ǣ浽ʱյİأַ岻ԭԼ棬Ƴʱ̡
أ
ַ֮ƳʱʱյĹ٣˲㽫ʱѹ촷ۡ

ַͣ˿ܵĻҲѸٵı仯գַܿһۣվʱ֮ǰ
ʥɹˣ
ܼڸղһ˲䣬ַʧˡܿ죬ַٴγʱܸоʱ֮ǰǵƺʧˡ
ԣɹˣ߰ɣȥʱ֮ź󿴿һ磡
һ磡ʥ׼ˣ
Ȼһȫ簡˭ȥοϢֻҪԸ⣬ǻܹ漴ٻ
ʱַҲû̫ĵǣλΰʱߣµʱ֮ţʮ硣֮󣬻ܹأַ廹ʲôǣ
ǣַ˿һǰһֱӷɽȾ޴ʱ֮š


1108 ʱճӣ
ˣ
ʱ֮ţͺġâɣûĺۼ
ַ񣬵һʱû뵽ʱ֮УǰĴƺȫһַ񣬾ͺʱġһΡʱյĳӵУɼһɴŲϵǰС
Ѿɼˣַ壬ʵҲɼȴ˼Ϊ档
̵Уַ巢ʥ壬ͨͳͳκá־ʶͳͳ޷ǹǿ
Ψֻ棬ַģǹǿѹ֮£ɱ
ˣ棬ַܹԼ˼
ܸоʱ֮ڵġ󡱣ǰĿռ䴩ȫһ
ﲻǿռ䣬Ϊûпռ䣬ǡʱճӣ
ַһʱճӰǴ֮Ҳ޷ʱճӣ޷ôֱۡĿһʱճӡ
֮ǰַ廹ɻλʱߣֽʲôʽ͵ȥ
Ͼпûпռ䡣
ڣַˣʱճӣκοռ䣬ʱʱռ֮Ķڡ
ַ񣬾ͱһصţʱճӵС
Ȼһ˲סַ˶Ҫȥ
ַ塰һŹâŹâǳģ·Źâ֮󣬱ضһױȵӴ硣Ľˣַ嶼ܸܵĿֲϢ
һܿȻӴ硣
̫ǿˣʵ̫ǿ󣬼ȥˣҲܴܵѹơȥ
ַ岻֪ӿһҪѳǸƺ΢΢ʱַ΢΢һ漴һӴ˲ַԶ硣
ɾûôˣֻɼѸٱǸӴ磬Ӱ˲ûУʧӰ
񡭡
ַûлȥΣܹعġοַĿĲͬһǿ磬иĽռ䡣
ַ岻ͬҪһȫµ磬ַԺоһ󵨵ͷˣҪѡĲǿ磬һС磬ԽСԽá
ǣַ塰Ʈһһ硣
ڶ磬һźڹ⣬洫ֲԹԼսϢ˵ܲ򵥣ձս֣Ӧһܻҵ硣
һҵ磬ʺϻˮ㣬ַܵеĴϢƺҲȻ٣̷ˡ
硢ĸ硢硭
һ磬ַ嶼ַЩżʮ綼ûкʱַǰ
⣬ֻһСŹâҴϢ΢ƺʮ֮һϢ
ˣϣԸ
ַҲԥϣֹ֮ͣʱͱѸٵţӰһûС

ʦ㣬ǻһȿɽţ֪жԸţ
ҼǵϴνֻʮԸڡ
ǰǰħսһʦɣɽŶƣŵ伮ɥȻ⸴ɽţؽڣȴһղһգɽŶ޷άϵˡ
һƬɽһȦȦɢһʯݣֱͨɽֵƺɢˣɾ
ɽţԲֻһɽţ¼ڲһ¡šɡ֮һ
£պգǧڡ
ֻϧǰһ٣ڷɻɽŶռֻǺʤɽŲűһЩŵؽ
ؽĻڻǻڵе伮ȱһλ˶δ֣˵Ԫˡ
״£ڵй֡Ļ֮ռڵһϯ֮أ
µķ޶ȵģʱѹս˥䣬²֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻᱻųھ֮һˡ
Ҫ˵˵˼ѧˣ޲ȱ伮ڱأһܹɾͽˣʱȻǻǸϽȥɽ⿴ж˰ʦɣδϣõ
ʦ˪ƺϣһڣ˶죬Ҷԡ
ܿ죬һڵɽ
ǿɽ£ͺͺһ˶ûУһʱ䣬նЩơ
ʦ㣬һһ˶ûУô죿
ʦҲĬҧ촽ƺš
ʣǻڣ
Ȼɽ´һȥ֪ʲôʱɽվһģİӣѯʡ


1109 
ûӦѵߴˣ԰ɽȺ˵ȷ˵ɽϾǻڡ·ɽϡ
ţ˵ʲô·ΪҪ·
ʦȻʵ
ɽһȺˣƺһЩɣ赲ɽˣ˵ʩչɷ£ȥǵɡ󲿷˶£ȥˡ
ʱڵ˾
һǾŽɵţϴοɽǾͶӣǻڲûյٵӡû뵽ӹ֣ʦ㣬ɽȥۡ
ڵĵӶԵߡ
ʦȴҡҡͷۣʲôãѾ˥ˣһλ˶ûУŽȴѾλˡ
Ҫ뼷ڵС
ˣ˭׼ɽȥɡ
ʦҡҡͷȴӺܺ棬ɻʵȻǶ赲סˣΪȴҪ·ɽţ
Ұ
һЦֻɽµڿڣɣơˣҲ·ɽˣǾǻڵˣ
ˣǿɲˣǲҲǻڵĵӣɸѡŵĵӣֻһˡ
ʦıҲЩΡ
ˣѡˣһɽɡ
ӻЩ㶣һ˵ѵҪɸѡѵǣʳɫһǳֱǰһš

ڶڵӶЩ
һŮӣǣΪ˭һ鷲ӵܰˣһſˣ飬С顣ɽľֻһˣѵҪЩɸѡȥ˱˻ԣ
Щһʱ䣬˳׼ͨûʲô⡣
û뵽迼ˡ
Ȼַ壬ⷽҲŽֻһµʱ䣬һµʱ䣬һֱϤⷽ硣
ǿӦԲ׼ⷽڻڣ̤ⷽĺȦӡ
ַʦˣ˻ɽšɽΧֻһյʱɽŲŻ󿪡
ƽʱҪȥֱӷԾ󷨣ƿֱͨС
һ·ϣ˶ַûʲôȤصɽźʦǲݲ£ַ֮ǰһ£Ѿ۸ġȫݡҲû֮أΪûں
ǣַô˳£ʽΪڻڵһԱΪ˻ڵĵӣҲ۵ӣʽӣ
۵ӡڵĻڣѾû۵ӣȫ£ֻʮˣϰ˶ûС
гȵࡣ
һ˥ڣǲҿ˽ⷽĵϸ
ڻڵϡ٣סҲͺֵַܶ࣬һԺ䣬Ƿǳ徲ˣֻûź򡣵ַ˵û˹עŸá
ڴ϶£ΪϡӡַոţҲûаʦйΣϯʦ͡
ʵϣϻڵӵУʦڴͣڵĳϣ˭϶ڱչؿޡ
ѾչʮˣֻΪܹȫе伮޳ɽˡ
ʦַĽҲܼ򵥣һȻ󽲽ǰ֮󣬾ƮȻȥַ岻ܲˣַΪ
ܿóȫеӣԻڻĵģҲֻλʦ㡱ˡ
ǹ·֡
ַҡҡͷ
ʦĽҲ֪ⷽоԼһЩгʶ
ⷽ磬֮Ϊ磬˼ɵഫС桱ߣ֮Ϊʿ
ʿΪ󾳽磬ֱ𵤡Ԫ
УģһΪʮ㣬֮ڻڣΪӣΪϡ
ϣǽ𵤣֮Ϊˣ
һܹɽ𵤣Ǿǰ֮ܳӣǧһЩٵĹĽ𵤣ܻǧ֮á
֮ϣԪˣɣҲǵľ硣
磬Ԫ˾ľֻˣֱµʥɮԼħħս̽ħ
Ԫˣһһħ֮ǰͶɱ֮ãȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
ַ˿룬ơ磬ƷǳʣһҲӣħս
ҪôѹħҪôħѹѭܶʼبͼûʲô̫ı仯
λԪˣ꣬һֱԣɱףΪʲô


1110 Ұ
ԪˣӦþ׼ڣ൱ڻʥ𣬵֮磬Сܶ࡭
ַš
ո磬ʵѾˣ̫磬С̫̫ࡣԪˣⷽףӵƣȴܹⷽ޾
ңַܸоⷽԲġҲ˵λԪˣⷽļˣĳλԪ䣬򣬱㲻ᵮλԪˡ
һԲ磬ַҲǵһΪʵҲԲҪλʥԲĿǰֻλ
Բ磬;߱ԣκǳУܵų⡣
ַ֮΢΢һԭһֻϣ˲;뵽浱С
ˣ
ȻûʾַҲоһȻͷþöûɢȥ
ŽֻһֻϣһԲ磬Ȼֻؽ硣κһƽ޹ʵʧ
һֻϣھƽ޹ʵʧ綪ʧһֻϵǾԶĶʧַȴһֻϵ
Ȼ΢΢ȴܹƽ⣬ˣᱻʾ
ַɣҴɡŲơӶⷽ־ͻת⵽ⷽȫ
λͷԪˣҲֶԸԼ
Ҳ˵ҵ׶ãʥ廹֮޷׶áҪⷽĸӦǾֻܶⷽ
ַԺתͷܿͰס˹ؼ
ڻУЩԨħΪβܻѹƣַ²⣬ǺͻûԲйϵǻλʥλ糹ԲôЩԨħҲһܵѹơ
ҲΪʲôħңϧһдۣҪõԴʯΪʥԵʡΪֻħҳΪ˻ʥôȻʹԨħһ壬ʱԨħҲȻȻᱻ硰ϡΪеһԱ
ĻԨħһԶߣûʥǶ֣Ԩħһͻ᳹
ַѡһС磬Ȼ㡣Ժһֱһ󵨣ǻͷ
ȻҪǿҪɡӶᣬΪβһ磿һ磿
ʱ潫ǿʲô̶ȣĳɹˣ磬ȫɣʵΪһ塣鶼̫Ӱ졣
λԪ˲ǲˣҪַλ֮ѹơַ˵ȴǱ
ʱ򣬾ڻпʥƺˡ
ͷ̫󵨣̫񣬼ַҲǱԼġҰġһϸ룬ƺؾ·
棬ֻͨɲţȴҪ飬磬磡
ȻַҲСĽûоԵİ֮ǰߣûнⷽ˽͸֮ǰַ嶼׼¶⵽ⷽѹơ
ңַ֮󵨵ͷҲΪ̣е
ֱ֣һֵӡǡӡǣǴʱճӺ󣬾ͳֵġַֻҪһӡǣôͻ᷵صʱ֮ǰ
ˣ˾޴Ķ޷ʰоʱ˼ӡһ֮
һûԨħһ壬ںôʱ䣬ҵһ
ˣ򲻵ѣַǲἤӡǷصġ
˵һأҪأεץСڴ֮ǰ֮޳ɵʥҲ޷׶á
һЩٵԱ֮
ţʹӻʼɡ
ַ漴εķ˻ô·֣ѹֻڻû䡣
ȵַϸ鿴һȴЩϲŷݣƺô·ɫ
Ϊʮ㣬ҪǻԵתΪ
ַ۹⿴ƪŶǱȽϸģٲǴ½ɫʵҲַС˻ڣȻڴжϾзŶǲƪ
ƪƪȴģȱֻһ顣ƪڵĸǻеĻȻǧǿʢʱڵĲ֪ٽʦŷ޸ġƹġ
ǵһĻзˡ
ʿҪгɣҪľ츳ԡ
츳Ǹǣַûⷽĸǣʦ˵ĸǡֻͨˡ
ԣǿˣɸ߿ɵͣ޷ֱӿ
ƪһ㣬ܷšܳɹҪţݣҲ鷳
ַ忪ʼлƪһ㣬ҲšĽܣ֮ʣҲҪʱš
ţҪһš
ţߣš
ʷһλ棬츳ֻ˰ʱ䣬޳˵һ㣬νǰ޹ˣ㵽ڶûܳԽ
ô˵ͨ츳Ҫţ
ַıЩŹ֡


1111 
һ㣬壡
ַɲǲͨ츳һ˵
磬һصʵͻ֮࣬Ҫ΢ͼһ㣬ƺͣûô񱩡
ƪĵһ㣬Ҫ塣ңֻҪлԵתɻôһǳɹˡ
ַ尴Ͱ࣬ҪֻܵܵǿһȴʲôûиӦ츳ޣô츳ȷ̫Ӧ
ַɲɵɵķҪôİ취ȥӦʥڻҲǶ񣬾εǿ
ⷽ磬ܹʩչκӰ졣
ˣַȻܵУԵɢһ˿˿ȵϢǳñϣؼΪӴ֮һ

ַ˿ʵȴǰջƪĿھʼ塣˾İһȻ쳣˳ңڵֱӴ˼¡
䣡
ַڲϵţʵַĸ棬ݻˣҲһ߰ˡ
ҲǺķһʱ䡣
ңܣַҲԶǿһˣӿ룬˲佫ַġޱȵι̡
һʿһʱֻһ㣬ַأȴܲˣ˲ӿ뵽ڣûתڶĿھǣֻܰյһĿھת˶ʮٱǸι̵ʲôز

ַ۾һָָϳһ˿ϸâ֣һСһ㡣ǻޱȵıңڷǳԵ֮һ
һ㣿ƺҲûô˵ǶţٶҲ˰ܵһţ
ַϸһȻֻеһ㣬ȴޱȵĻ񣬿˿Ĳס
Եڶ㣬˵ڶǶţҲҪʱͻơ
ַٶת˵ڶĿھʱĻƵӿַ塣ַܸоڣһġƿҲ⺣֮£˲䱻ơ
ǵڶ㣿Ǻذоƺӵ޾ܲλܵͣЩƺһ𵱳ʥǲ֪˶ٱȴҲǿﵽˡ
ַҲǵһνӴⷽУϸһ飬֮ʱʱ䶼ûУѾͻƵ˻ƪĵڶ㣬൱ڻĲΣٶȼֱ˼顣
Ҫ֪ŶҪʱ䣬һЩ۵ˣʮҲеڶˣַأʱûС
ûڵĳ֪̾;Ϊˡ
Żʱ䣬ڼ㣿
ַҲٵʱ䣬ʼȫתƪھʦ㶪˻ƪǰʮھӦоС

ɽǵסõλþɽˣΪĿǰϯӣݼݼ;סɽ
˿̣ݼݼץʱСǹ¶޸ĸѾʮһء
꿪ʼʮ꣬ҲھŲ۷壬Ͳһܹʮ㡣
ৣ
ݼݼ۾һ˫Ŀǲʡ
ͣ޳ھŲ㣬Ѿ֮ˣһزպϲ⡣
ĳЩĴɵУǾԵĺӵܣպܹӡ
ֻϧڻУΪϯӣȴҪΪŲġ
һܹʮ㣬һµʱ䣬͵ʮһȵĹˣڹϣڴɵӱԣףƾΣˡ
ݼݼҧ촽ӻΪԼļңÿʮһȵĹ磬ɵӶƴһ»óһЩͷˡ
Իڶԣȴʲô¡
ףûһ¡šɡڵɣҲԾԾԣǲɵд衣
УսѿЦ
ʮǰݼݼŽ㣬ʵΪһΣݼݼǴһˣ޷ʣҲڶ
ֻǣŲΪǲһЩң֧ĵӾһˣ֮⣬ǿҲֻˡ
ˣ
Ȼݼݼоܵ΢΢һǻǳĳһӵ
ֲλʦܻʦͻˣ㣬㡣
ݼݼ΢ӦһҲ΢΢Щϲ뵽Ʋӣս˥΢Ҳû¡
ͻΣڹϣɺá
ݼݼٴ׼ʱȻɽִһӿ񱩵
ͻˣ
ݼݼܲ죬վȻλͬͻˣտǺѵá
䣡
βٴδƺӾʱݼݼѾЩˡ
˭
ݼݼ۾ԶķȥһΡε˵ɺϣһ٣ٶͺˡ
ǷͬһˣݼݼûǸͲܡ
ѵ˭ڶ̶̵ʱڣһ٣ٶͻƣ¾츳츳֮Ҳ޷


1112 繷
ݼݼϸѰҲûпʲôߡֻĲˣʵڱɣҲʲôҲڻڣĿǰֻݼݼôһλŲΪĵ֧棬ԲŻԵñȽӡ
ˣרĴƿɣͲһˡ
ݼݼѰңһһ⿪ʼǱ׼ƿϾһºǹ磬ʧ
ʱɽµַ壬һҵģ
㣿ƺҲûʲôѵģղźмĿӣţӦ̽顣һʱ֮ڣͻƣȷЩ̫ˣ͵
ַʥλ᲻֪ղѰԴͷʥľҪֱ̽׾١
Ҳַ֪ղıЩͷˣעһִ硣
ƪַûʲô̫ѶȣֻǸղôĶ˿ţǵһЩء
磬߷
ֻϧ粻һת򶼲һַյһЩģû˿塣
Ҳ󷨵ģȻѾãѧһЩ󷨾ˡ
ǣֱַǰڵش
شǻڵĺ֮أ¼ŻڵзţԼһЩǿķ󷨡ȵؼ
ӦоС
ˣػشҲһλǿĳϣ۳ϣַҲ֪ʵΪţӦ۷塣
ΪϵϢڻеЩ۷ֻǣ۳ƣѾԶˡ۳꣬а
˽ش󣿡
۳ϣӣشѡһŷԼ󷨻ؼ
ַҲմ˹⣬ʽӲеġŻݡֻһ˼ţҲԶʽӡ
ѻһŷԼֻؼ
һ¥¥󷨣ԼѡֻĬǣܳ¼ܼдΥߣ۴
۳۾ûҲġ
ǣס
ַҲᣬֱȥһ¥ķϡ
һ¥һŵܣ飬ȫַȻ󲿷ֶǻԵķϾھԻΪ
ַеġˡȻУǱĿޣзֶΡ磬ʵľΪ硢
ַûУַҲ
Ƿַóһ
ڻУַӴЩơַûڻ̫ѡǻѧ
Ļ׵ģѡܿÿǱ
ԽǸĪķԽǱ
žʮطֹ귨ΪҲԷӳǿҪĳЩ̫鷳ˣų
ƻ󷨣ţ˼һڹؼʱֻ̱ȡɰˣʵų
Ļٿմ󷨣ĻɱΣʤ־ΪҪȽϸߣһЩ־ᶨ֮Чۿۣ̫ˣų
ַ嵹ܹоʵλһֱ۾۳ϣʵһֱڶַһһ
ַһЩһʱ䣬۳϶̲סƤ΢΢һ顣
ЩɶǻķַУȴ·һֵһᣬֶ
ַֻ֪ŵĵӣһ㶼ûдﵽ»Ϊĳλء
ǽˣҲôЩ
ǻؽԺͳϺķ˾޴ĴۣŴռĶⷨǰڻڵķ
Ҳû취ǰڱħݣɽŶ֮һ棬ﻹʲô伮ֻ೤ǣһһַռ
ˣ
۳Ҳ̲סַ塰ʴʡһߵСһССͣûţǿķ֪ΪǸ㲻ҪĩˡοЩŵĶˣ㽫һŷ۷壬ܷӳĪˣĪҪøԶ
۳˿Ҳ
ַȴΪί˵Щȷ⣬Ƽ볤ϲƼ
۳Ц⣿ã㵹˵˵ʲôķ
ַһʮ֡桱˵ûɽ׽£츲صķ
ûУ
û繷ķ
ûУ
ûС
ˣûУͳͳûС
۳Ϻɽ׽£츲أ繷ķ
УҲڴ£бضޱȿ̣Ҫɹǳ˵Ρ
ǰŵĵӣøԶؼһ쿪ı飬۳ŭɶ
ûôˣ˵ǿǿ
۳ϴһ˦ŭȵһоžŰʮһ㡣۷壬ٺ٣繷ˣĬǺϽɡ
۳ϽһؼַǰȻǶַ峹ʧתȥ


1113 򵥴ֱ

ַҲû۳ϵķȥǶ۳ϡƼеȤǣһ
оžŰʮһ֮ࡣ
ȴʲôطϡƽôֵĻɫħŶһᡣ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪһʵԵķǵĳλԴһģķ
λ˵뷨ɼݣҲ˵տʼкףֻҪһ֡ΪģǾܹ̤һ㡣
߶ܹĺģҪһһɱ䡣
൱ģλһܹؼأǾʱ䡣
еһ㣬һͳɹˡ
ڶ㣬˶죬ͨ츳ߣһôҲ㹻ˡ
㣬Ҫ¡
Ĳ㣬Ҫ¡
㣬Ҫһꡣ
Դƣÿһ㣬Ҫʱ䶼ǳɱӡҪڰʮһҪʱ䣿
٣˶ûôڲ𣬳ӵԪǣп۷塣
Ԫǵķεһ˵ķ
ˣǸߣûѡȥС˲аҪǱУȴû˭ܹгǰʮġ
ǰʮ˶޼
ַ忴֮ȴܸȤһΪģʹɱ䡣ƺʥһЩƣֲȫͬ
ʥʥ壬ǻ档ͬȴ塣
˼ԭǲӣֻҪɱ䣬鷳뷨Ҫʱȥģһ㣬Ͷǰе·ȴԻַʽҪʱȥٽɱأ
ַҲһ뷨ʥʵԪ˲ûжٲࡣˣļʶҲԶλĽˡ
ǣַϵѡŷ
ţַȥ鿴һ󷨡еķͬûʲôģÿһ󷨣˳Ӧأǽ֮
ˣпһɾ͡
ַ徳粻⣬Ŀǰ˵е谭ֻһЩ󷨣ַûκѡ
ܿ죬ַѡԼ󷨻뿪ش
صԼСԺַܿСԺ˼ϢĴ󣬼ĲҲܱס
һַͿԷĵлƪˡ
ԣܲܽƪʮԲ
ַԾԾԣ֣ƬУƺҲôһ辶;ͬ飬ţ󣬾Ͷˡ
ַ塰ʥľ磬ƪǻСһ
ǣַ忪ʼȫС
¡
һΣ궯ӿ󷨵ڣˣû˭ע⵽ַĶ
Ĳ㡢㡢㡢߲㡢ڰ˲㡭
ַƪͬԷˮһ㣬Ӵľͷ·ףĳȡŴݺݵġעڡ
˵ڰ˲㣬ƿˡ
ַ嵽˵ڰ˲㣬΢֣ͣһ֡ʵĸоƺڰ˲㣬ѾΪˡ
ƿô˵ҵ츳ܹﵽļޣ
ַĿ˸һ˿â츳Ƭߣܽ츳һ츳ߣǾͻмޡ
ˣôһҲֻܴﵽ㣬޷Щһֻ׶δת޷
Ȼ츳Ҳȫһ˵δһô츳þļΪʵǸı츳һ̡
ʵô츳ɡ
ҲһһǿĽ𵤣Ҳߵ츳õɱ䡣
ǰ츳ȴҪڣַ츳޾˲㣬Ͱʮꡢϰܹ꣬ﵽ˲㡣ȴڶ̶գ׼ȷ˵ֻһʱʹﵽƿ
ƿ϶ûʲô취ǻа취һܸ߰
ַȴһߣһʥھϣǶ񣬲ѷĶˣй֮
ԪǶȥԶ
ˣַа취İ취ǳļֱӣƵǡֱ
ƿ޷ɸôʱ򣬾Ҳ޷תΪȻͨУǾֱӵ㡣
ַİ취ֱܼӣǴ̵ֱ˴󣬾ͬһֻһ㣬ݺݵĳڹע
ֱӽڡӲͺһƿӣȻѾˣַȴܲˣӲ
һУǾʮʮУǾͰٱ
ֱּӣֱİ취ǽ˶Ͼ۾ַλʥҲֻԪܱȵˡ
ַͷ·һһʼһ˿˿͡Ӳڵʧ˴󲿷֣ܲסӿʵ̫ࡣ
ǣֻѹѹѹ
ڣĳһޡ
䣡
ַԺһҲ͵һ漴ͬˮһ㣬ַڡ
츳ƿô˼ֱӣֱİ취ͻˡ


1114 ʮԲ
˳ͻƿַһ·мֱûκϰƺͻƿȻǿͻƣĳֱ仯
ټоԿʮԲҲûö೤ʱʹﵽˡ
ʮԲ
ַӿȵɫȻֹŹֵĸовһ֪෴ԳʶǺġ
лƪַѾ˽һڵǸʲôˮƽ˿ַڵأ
ַѹûʲô˵þֱǿпݺݵġעڡ
ˣȫˮ硣Ǵﵽ˳ԲʵװˣԶһ硣
ַʿԲӵʮϣʮ
ǳƵǡˣȻκ߶Ҫι̡
˵ʮԲַȴ޷ˣΪʦĿǰֻƪƪȴûС
Ҳǣһոŵµӣµһ㶼ûһʱ䣬Ǽֱ췽ҹ̷
˭뵽ַ㣬һ㵽ʮԲֻʱ䡣ңʱ䣬Ҳʱ
Ѿݵ˵ģǴ˵еĵ棬֪֮Ҳû˿ֲٶȡ
Ȼ޷ټַȴϰ
ַ廹оһʱ䣬ҲȤŨ񡣲ܾȥˣȴûӦսֶΡˣҲо͸
ǣַֿʼǱо£ߴžŰʮһķˡ

ˣ
ɽʼ궯񱩣Լγһɷ籩֮ۡӿɽһ䶴С
ڱչǱ޵೤϶ˡ
Ǹݼݼ
ԣ˴ĶݼݼҪͻʮԲˡ
ʮ㰡ݼݼҲŶʮһɣ
ֹǱڹûвȱֻǿϧݼݼ
ݼݼʱͻƣҲǴ°ܿǹٿ֮ˣݼݼʱʣһҲй⡣
ŵǣһҲϲЦտݼݼǺܿõĵӣǻڵһˡ
ͻʿ㣬ҲܿˣŶԣһλϣȻͬ
ңڹ缴ٿʱͻƣҲǶԻڵһá
ǱôĶеĵҲһһĶĽݼݼķ
ʮ㣬ǾͿˣһɹ£ȥˡһλߣԵһ֡
ֻϧڵЩӣҲ֪֮ݼݼ⣬ӿһûĿܡ
ܹ߰˲Ͳˡ
ַȻҲע⵽ݼݼı仯ڻڣƵ۵ģҲݼݼݼݼܿãٳԽ˴󲿷ֵϡ
ֻϧ鰵Ͷڻڣ޷зһӽ
ݼݼʮԲӦŪ˰ɣǿݼݼ֣ǰõš
ַ˼ţδݼݼŪš磬ɲƵУҲһζڻɽϡ
Ҫ磡ֻΪ˱ǰ־ķţȡԼϵ֮Ӷı硣
ҪǾ۷壬±Ȳڻеʥ֮Ҳиʮ֮һ˲ȷ綼ռһϯ֮ء
ˣڣַֻһվ;ˣõзţеһ󣬺ܿͻȥڻ˷ʱ䡣
ţȻͶַҪˡ
ַҲ֪ŸոţõŵĿ΢΢СĽء
ţһζҲУչ¶һ츳粻жԶţŻвͬĶԴ
ַ忼ţǲչ¶һЩ츳ܡ𶯡ڣֲ˻ɡ
Ǹúú׼

࣬⼸иˣ粻ˣȥ˼ա
磬вǸĥЩǱĩá
㣬ϵһЩ츳Ժɡ
ݼݼΪϯӣҲ൱ġոͻƼգɽʼϡλǵˡ
鿴˹ȴݼݼʧ
ˣǽַɣŵĵӣҲʮʱˣһˣ
ݼݼĿһɨڽַ塣
ַ壬һӡģϾǽյΨһһλӡ
ʦ㣬ʦϵˡ⼸Уҷֺûʲô̫ѵģλʦʦǣƺмѡˣһǲˣʦҾ
ַ廰£Ӵð
ǿɵһĿַ塣
вѣ
ʮ꣬ˡ˵вѣֻɵˡ
ݼݼַЩȡ裬ǿ˵ڼˣ
ǵ㡣
£һ󰲾漴ǺôЦ


1115 ȫ𶯣
㣿ǹԣһոʮĵӣ˵㣿òǸɵӰɣ
ҵǺķʱ䣬ʦ㣬ǻڹ츳һĵӣҲһʱ䣬㡣
˽ַ壿˵ǽյΨһһӣſ鶼ûУֱˡʦҲˡ
ںôЦһƵʦ㣬˿ҲЩסɫЩ
ַȴڣһ򶨵ģ
ݼݼǿŭ𣬳˵ǵ㣬չʾҿ
ַ˵ͷ漴˰ָ֣⡰һðһС硣
ţ
ȻֻһС磬ȴ΢΢һ㶡һǶڳЦַ壬룬㣿ǸܡǵһĻƺҲ
ϾҲʮʱ䡣
ˣ
ֻƬַ̺Ͼͷ·ȵĻһ㣬һŻгΣɢųȵϢ
ৣ
һʱ䣬ݼݼ͵վ
⡭ⲻܣ
ڶ㣬Ȼڶ㣡
ʮ죬ȷַʮʱ䣿ģ츳мأ츳ߣʱڶ㡣
ַʦ໨ʱ䣬ȴУ츳˼飬˼顣
ݼݼĶַ壬Ҳ˼µʱ䣬ڶ㡣ַأʮ죬ʮʱ䣬ʮʱ䡣
츳Ի͵ʱڣҲǶš
㡭
û˵꣬˾ͷ·𿴵һŻ棬͵ڶ𣬿ֲĻͬɽһ㣬˲䱬
ʱЩĲĵӣоһļѹ֡
㣬㣡
ҸۻҾûм˻ĸ
ʮ죬ʮ֮ɹģ
Īǣʦ壬ǧһţ
ݼݼҲһĻŭţЩסˡ
ʮ֮㣬⣬Ƕš
ʮ֮ڣ㣬ʲô츳붼츳
ֻд˵壬ܹôֲٶȡ
ַ壬ңôģ
ݼݼһץסַ֣Ҫ̽飬ַʥΪ˵ݼݼˣǽ˶޷
ԼʵΪĵѾʮ㣬ðڵɵ
̲ˣʱչ¶Ѿ㹻ˡ
ǣַ忪ʼһĺˡ
ǰʦƪھġһʼҸо򣬺񿴼޾ĻǶ˼ƴĳӿ룬޷ܾԣʮھ˵㣬Ҳ֪ǲˡ
ַĻݼݼֱԼĶ䡣
Եַӿ룬ʲôЩӣÿʱƴĴΪ˶һЩתΪ
ַأ꣬°빦ǿ˲֪ٱֱδš
һʱ䣬ݼݼҲˣ£δŹǣ֪ͨϣ֪ͨʶĴϡ
ַʦܣȥϣ˼Ҽʶ㣬һ֪ô¡
ݼݼ˵꣬ɷ˵ֱӾַ壬ȥ
ֻʣ´ڵڵ
ǻڼӭһλˣ
һݣȴ˷ܡ

̶ʱڣݹӸ˴
ȵַݼݼʱѾãѹѹһƬͷǡüĿߡɷǡĳϡ
ֹϣִϡϡϵȵȡشԼصû⣬ڵĳǣˡ
ţʮʱ䣬㣬Ҳޱȵ𶯡
źѹѹȺַȻЩļ¡
ǲǣЩ̫ˣӦչʾͲˡ
ַǲǾ̫ˣڶӲͷƤٰعˡ
ݼݼ˵ģʮʱ䣬㣬
һλ۷ĳϣʵΪࡣֻǱޣⱲӿҲ޷۽ˡ
ԣַʦܡ
ǣݼݼͽղַĻһתλ
λϣһı㿪ʼ˲ַΪȻַֻܿ㣬𺳰
ʮ죬㣬붼𺳡
ңַӿ룬ʲô
Уһλϲ˵Ϸһ˵ؼпһЩֻƬе
壡
гһĿޱȻȵĶַ壬·ַһױȵĹ屦Ƶġ


1116 
尡
೤Ϸ·˻䵱С
ϣʲô壿
ݼݼѯ
Ͽݼݼַһۣ漴尡ڴ˵ˡν壬ޱУ֮Уûƿַһȿַֺӿ롣ʲôһ۾ѧᣬҷ󡣡
ַ壬˯ǲǸоڻ浱У
Զԡ
ǲǴСͶԻ׽
Զԡ
ǲƪ
Զԡ
۶Է˵ʲôַ嶼ǵͷȴΪô壬Щ۶Ϲˣͨ츳ˡ
ҪʲôͷҲǹ⻷ŵĹ⻷Ժʲô֮٣Ҳᱻ˻ˡ
Ϊű漣
ϼץסַ˫ֵûУ尡Ѿǧδֹκһλ˰һ壬κɣǶǱΪӣ
ȻڣչǰѾŴȫȨίиҵȳϡڳĵӣĪˡ飬ַ̲ΪӣλΣ
ϵĻڶ೤϶
ӰﶮʲôӡһЩϹŵ伮У͸¶ֻƬ
Ѿ䵽ֵزˣ˵ӣַ̽Ϊ϶ʲô
ҾÿС
һֵܳӣ촹࣬˵һڿҪеˡ
еӽһںγˣ
ǣַ塰ӡͷξͱˡʲôǶԣЩƣֵһᡣ
ַȴôоӡʵЩʡ
Ϊϵ£ַ幧ļ˻ʦ󣬾ʽ˻ڵӡ˵ôҲǺܶġ
ȣԴȹӦַ塣
شκηַ嶼鿴
ӵλڳ֮ϣֻ֮£ǻΪ֮ˡַλӣڻûʱ֣ϻ縺ŵΡ
ַһȺϹŶǰ˴죬ˡ⡱˵Ӻ͸뿪ȥסλɽ۴һ
ɽ۵ĶΪŨһֻгϲʸѡȡһַλӣȻȨġ
ȻЩۣ˵ӣҲǺܺõĽˣԺҪࡣҲǵˣſشõǲǸóˣ
ַ˵ڻھΪ˵õзšڳ˵ӣȨﻹŲʹã
ǣַٴȥش
һΣַǶŵӵĹ⻷۳ϣӶɳˡôҲû뵽֮ǰش󣬱֮ΪСӵĵӣҡһ˻ڵĵӡ
ܺ𺳣۳ϱϻǺ򶨣ַ巭һЩţҲΪַ忪۽硣
۳Ͽζ벻ַˡ
סַ룬ȻҪǻǰƶ
ǻΨһʥˣڻƶУǿԻĸӦޱϻڵй
ֻϲڻƶУַλӣȻȨǰƶ
ǻƶ
ַ̤˻ƶУ̸еһɳȵϢͷ·ҽһһĵӣƶ֧Ų˰ʱ
ѹֻϲܽ룬һҲ޷ж೤ʱ䡣
ֻȷǶлԹżЧ
ַԺпʼش󷭿Щ
ʵܸ൱Ҫˣһ˵츳֮ͽȻͬˣҪ
һЩıŵر֮ࡣ
ַȴ֪κϵʵǸվԽǲõġ
Ҳַû뷽跨ȥѹλһЩĵرԵʡ
ҼǵһƪᵽϹʱλԪˣƺʱûн
ʵҲҪ񵽼㣬ңҲûš
ַ岻һߣʥԪˡԪˣͻûʲô൱־Ļǹһ֡
ֻ̫̫ʮ֮һٷ֮һʶĴսԪ˿϶ҲԶԶʥ
ϣʵһµġ
ַݽ֮£ϵҲһЩļ⡣ȻûвķţǾЩš
Ϲ֮ʱۻ뵽һ̶ȣȻȻ
ôַЧϹ֮ʱҪۻʩչƶеһɨգγ˿ֲУӿ뵽ڡ
νۻ룬ʵٰˡǾһֱӵΪֹ
ֱַӼ򵥣Ǵֱİ취


1117 
ˣ
УڻƶСһЩ֪ЩȻֲ˵ҲʲôǻƶĳλС
û˻ɵַ塣
ƶҲû˴ţַԲϵþĹעڡ
һʱʱʱ
һΣַʱҪ֪һ㵽ʮԲ㣬ʵַеʱ䣬Ҳʱˡ
ڣʮԲַȴķʱڼַڣȫǱַľǿеġע֮ڡˣַҲڲϵѹѹѹ
ַƿϸ΢ңַǱѰȻʥ屻ʱ飬ַ֮һ
ûʥôǿ󣬵ǿȴҲԶϣַûмˣҲûַǿȴ
ˣӴҲ޷űַ͵£ַǿϵѹӿ뺣ģҲ̬һ˿˿״Һ̬

ַһͿҪˣƺҲûôѣ룬Ǻˣеʥڻʥ֮£ʲô

ַ֪ɹڼٴμӴ˶Ӷᣬʱƶӿӿ뵽ַڡ
䣡
ڣתΪ״ʱַһȻָо巢ĳı仯
õһƺƬˡ

ַ֪ѾɹˣһǽȻԲν֮
Ǳ֪һӶɳϹʱ˭ַֻܹһ˰ˣ
ţˣоƺЩ˵㡣
ַüͷ
ѾǳⷽˣⷽһȽ˽⡣
ⷽзΪ𵤡ԪȣǾǻ񡢻ʥһĸ磬֮ǰƲ⣬Ӧ֮ӦģϾⷽҲһ硣ڵ̶ȣԼΣƺ̫ˡ
ַüͷЩԾʱճʱܺĸܵƬһȻڻ磬ȷһ硣
С磬Ҳ磡
֮Ӧⷽо磬ӦþӦ֮ǰƲ⣬ˣַҲԵСĽĻǵİ뵽˻ڣһһֱеڡ
ڵڣⷽĻڵַ壬Ҳһˡ츳еľأӦм
ֻǣڵԼΣַĸӦУƺл˺֮ܶܶ࣬
ַ廳ǲͬӶĲ죿
ӦҸǿһ¡
ַ˼ƲչƲ⣬ǵһ²С
ֽ׶ַҪⷽϵ۷˵
ǣַڻƶСѾɹ츳ѾҪˣҪǷȹ̡
ȻԲַĸޱۻ룬ĸ޳ɽ𵤶׾١ַҲûеʱ䣬ֱڻƶУþתΪΪ
ûзΪ㣬ֻгڡڡڡԲȵȣһɹַۻĸ˵ûκƿֻҪˡ
ȻǻҲҪʥУųڵԲҪʮʱ䡣
ַ嵱Ȼͬһƶ̫٣Ǿڣʮ
ַľ˵ˣҲסӶᡱܶЩˣΪ̫ˣû֪Դͷ
Ǿɡ
ַ۾ʱ˷Բ֮أ͵һա
䣡
γһ޴һ㣬һӳգ˲Ͷ뵽˻ƶ֮С
ڡڡڡԲ
ַΪڽٶ֮죬ֱ˼ʲô壬¾潵޷ôٶȡ
ڵԲַ廨˶೤ʱ䣿
ֻʮʱҲǸպһʱˡ

ַ۾
۷壿ƺƺҲô
ַӻɣ֮ǰƲǲǴˡ
ʱƶȻҵһ񱩵ͳĺ


1118 ħ
ף
ַЩ棬ƶлˣ
ƶ˵󲻴󣬵˵СҲСַֹͣ˳ȥо̽ƶеÿһ䡣
ܿ죬ַڻƶУ˹ҽ
ǵģҽɫҽϵӿţɢſµϢĻʹҽɢ
һɽǻɽǵػ𣡡
ַŷ֣ƶеػƺ󷨻ΪӦǺܾǰڵĽ˲õġ
ҿۼ²ֹһλ˳ֲá

ͻȻӳȵҽУ͵ðһ˶ͷ­ֲɢſֲϢ
ޣԣӦŶԣǽ𵤴
ַһԴⷽҲй޵ģ֮ΪЩҲħȴܱңħūۣ˺
½Щû̫ˣСǲ١Ͼⷽܳ棬ľֻҪԡУʱһȻܿǳ
𡭡
ͷ𵤴ŭţ漴ȻԵСӽ澪ѣߣԲǺܻ񣬿Щϲֺˡ
ַͷһתͷ𵤴ǲŪˣڻϲ
ѵ˵ͷ𵤴֪ڵ
ַϸһҽܣ󷨣ͷ𵤴סˡԭһͷӡĴ
ǻڻԻʱڣ˷ӡĴͷӡʲôã
ʲôǺܴ󡣡
ַֺ򶨡
ǻ棡ǻڵϲǧǰӡˣߣ浱ɿÿػǻڵʥءȻƶеĵػͿݽˡ
ַ˼ԭһͷԣµػ𣬻ƶʥأԭ͵ġ
ǰѣͷԲ
ַ忴ͷԣ˼ȴûҪ辶ðͰҪػͷʱ
ԣԸΪ
Сӣʧķ˰ɣһС
Ȼӡ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݵҷأ
ţԸҳֻҪԸΪΣ
ֱĻŭšôҲû뵽ַԸѵǸɵӣһҲ֣ƶƺûκһλ𵤵Ϣǹ졣
ǰƶУлڵĽء
ַ嵱Ȼ֪Щʲôԣַ廹õΣ
ƣ
ַӴĻ͵ľ뵽ܵ󷨵СַҲо󷨣۽磬ͳˡ
ˣЩַǰֵһᡣ
꣡
飬涼Щ̫šԭΪַ廹úú׼һû뵽ôƵ󷨡
䣡
һƵ󷨣ϲ񣬾޴͵Ĵҽг˳
عˣЩϲԣЩϲأ
΢΢һ㶣漴ط鿴ڣ漴Ŀϲ֮ɫ
һϲĶûУ𵤶ûС㱻СӸƭˣұӡǧ꣬عɡڣѾû䵽ֵزˡҽҪһѩǰܣڳ׻𡣡
ﻹѾûˡ
ַȴɫô˵ǲ׼سŵˣ
ŵŵƨһСӡ
ʲôƨŵ𵤴ĿֲƳֶַȥſѪڣҪһڽַˡ
أ
ͻȻ䣬ǰһ֪ʲôʱַǰһСˣɢŹǿϢ
ǹϢû涼ڲ
ݼ񣡡
ǧħеһԱַ忴˿գǧħֻ۷ʾҲûʲô󶯾ûдﵽ̼ޡ
ȻⷽûʲôַҲͿԷˡ
ãҲԿⷽĽ𵤣еǧħжĲࡣ
ʵַѾһЩ²⣬֮ǰƲⶼˡƲ⣬𵤣ǿ
ڣߵƾͲһءħѹƣҲԶǿǰĽ𵤴
ħ񣬽ֻ۷ˡ
ʲô
΢΢һ㶣ǰһûжĶͿǰСˣһץһױȵĿֱӾץסβ͡
󣬺ݺݳŵһҡ
¡
ƶڻζð𻨣ŭɶ
ǧһػ𣡡
漫Ϊǽ𵤴ܲǽ۷壬Ҳﵽ˽ڡҴߣȻǿ
أ
ȻһλߣֱӸڵĦֱ̰
ǣֱһڵػȻ
ৣ
ֲ¶Űʱħ񶼱ػˣҲ˶ѰˡڣԴԴϵ֧ţħ񼸺ǲСʲô
أ
ңҲ׼ŭħǣħѸͣ˫ֽݺݵİڵϣһȭһȭֱûʼ
ˣˣ
ţͱѺǧ꣬һʵʧȥ߰˰ˣǿǰħĶ֣Σ
ַ忴ŵһϢĻ棬漴һ֣ħվһԡ
ǽ𵤴Ȼʵʧȥ߰˰ˣҲǽ֮ȴû뵽˲ôҲ˵ħô˵Ľ𵤣Ž൱ڻߣȻҪ࣬Ͼħܵѹơ
ַоԾܲԾ֮ǰƲȫһôʱճӣȷӦƬ磬ȷһ磬ûбʵ
ôƬߣ˲𵤣ѾƬ۷ˡ
УⷽһֱᵽĹϵĵ棬ֵȥȻܹʵ϶СλԪˡ
ַԺ˸ŸָͷѾӴƬĸ߶ˣôĻôļƻǿԳŸıһˡ
֮ǰļƻ̫ˣǶƬܾη
ڿҲˣԵĻǿԼӿȡ
ַһת˵һϢĻ档Ƭߵڶ࣬ǿЩȥ̽һ۷
ˮж
ǣַ۾΢΢һУ棬һĻԵٺ٣Ϳ컯ˣ
ַʱһץһ˿֮ûУ˲ʧŲƽ档
¡
һʵһӾͺȥѹǣʵϣַȴܵĪѹ
ʾһԶԶһַŲһֻϽء
ȴվûʲô֮¡
ҲڳܷΧ֮ôǾͺðˣ
ַǼ¶һ˿Ц


1119 𵤣
汻ֱŲƵַ浱УȻǲ֪Ѿһİ浱ˡ
εĽȴ޷֣־塣
ಣ
ַӰڻǰ
㵽ʲô
ڲȻӡǧ꣬ȴڣов
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ漴ЦЦ˵׼һ컯Ϳܲܳˡ
ʲô컯
滹Щ㶣ַȴû˵һӡ
䣡
޾֮Ĺע˻ڡ

̲סҽһֱӱűˣûϵַ浱Уѡűַһ֮ס棬ٴ顣
һһΣڵĽ𵤣һַǳĶֻҪнڣűƺҲ֧Ƭ̡
ңٶ֮עڣֻҪн𵤴ڣôʣһͷ𵤴
⵹ַ֮ǰļƻ
һΡΡΡ
˾Ŵιڣٴθ֣֮ܵҲͣ
棬оΣ
ַ嵭ʵ
⡭ҵ壬ǿǿʮǰٱ
ˣֱšǰȻҲǽ𵤴ֻǽڣһЩˣҲû˿ֿ֮
Ͼ𵤴ǿҲзȵȿѹơ
أ
ȴоκηҪӲûʲôܹ˵һУͳͳǰصӴġ
ǰǰڸоܺãǿǿƺƺûʲôֵܵסҵ
治ַǰˣȻַ忴ᣬô̵ʱ䣬̶ֳȣֲɵӣȻ֪ǰ˲ǱϿô򵥡
ܺãסԺˣҽôǿĳ̶ȣȻһЩҪȥ졣
ˣҪȥʲô£
Сʵ
ȳ˵
ַһӣʱʹ汻Ų˳ٴγڻƶʱʱյз·һɿֲѹһ˻ϡ
¡
ɪɪַ壬֮޵ֿ֮Ͼϻ滹Ϣûб仯
ַĶգܿ죬ѹʧˣָֻ
Ϊûб仯ˣһЩƬ֮Ҳѹ𣿡
ַ˼棬Ҳַһ顣
ȫַ֮ǿˣ֮˻棬ǾԵʧ
һƬ䣬ôЩҲͻΪһ֡Ȼ⿴·ˣ涼ûС
ڵĻ棬ַ֮Ѿ˻ǻ۷Ȼǧħ϶ǲԶˡԸĽ𵤴۷𵤴ҲӦѹ
Щ۷ˣΪȵȲͬǿôַ֪ѾˣļƻҲʵʩˡ
ԣȻǽ𵤴ʵ˽۷塣ȸһȥѰҼͬǽ𵤴ǳڻڣԸⲻԸ⣬֮ҴƶסҪΣʱҪûڵ˷֡
ǣˡ
ַ徴ˣԲΥַȻַԽѸ̶ֳȣôҪջЩҲ練ơ
οַ֮ĸ죬֮ͶַǳľηϾַ洴֮еκʵַһ֡
ǱĬҲӰ쵽棬䲻֮ġ
Ϣ뿪ˣִַַڻƶУǱޡ
Բ𵤣ڹȱѾַ幦ˡ
ַ岩ڼû𵤵һЩˣ˾ôǰϰ취Ȼ۳ɽ𵤣޷
ǾҺַֻ״Ҫ볹Һֻһ취ѹѹѹ
ǿľַ岻ϵǿɴ㹻ǿʼϵѹ
ʱ䣬ַڴ״תΪҺ̬ͬʱҺ̬ʼתγһ޴С
ģʼһᾧ
䣡
ַһ𣬸оƺֵõһϵ
ţǻĲΰɣֻǣ𡭡Ļ
ַڹۣһԲӲӣ·ɢϢԲ
𵤣ǽ𵤣
Ļַ֣ɾһλʵĽˣ


1120 ʮ
ֻԼᣬʵܹΡ
ʲô磬˼ٵġ
ַܺĸоԼ۳Ž𵤣ԲӲӣյԣһ븹ɼ졣
˼ǣ۳˽𵤣ܹƿԼˡһѳĸо
ַȷһָоƺ֮ǰⷽ۳𵤺󣬾Ҫࡣⷽ磬Ҳӵġ׽ˡ
ϣ𵤲ӦǻĲΣƺֱȻ࣬Ļ
ѵΪ̫ˣͬξҪࣿ
ַ岻֪ǲǺ²һ
ȷ𵤲ǻΣô֮ǰƲȫˡ𵤲ĻΣԪأ
Ҳǻ߻ֻߣεĻ
ַ岻ϾҲһļƻʵʩҲ̽ⷽĵϸˡ
ţˣ
ַһ˻ƶ⡣
ಣ
żӰɽ˻ƶС
ݼˣ
湧Ĺַǰʱƣַ֮ãûַӾη
ţĽ𵤴
ַ忴һͷ𵤴ͳͳǽ𵤴
ǻˣûʵΣ
һͷ𵤴ʵҲѱ
ַҲ֪ⷽԽ۷δƣǰֻǽ𵤴ڣַ彫ΣȻ𵤴𾪡
Ҷ˲
Ӵɢֲƣ̾סͷ𵤴
εĻ棬⼸ͷ𵤴ûһͷǶ֡
ˡ
ַһ֣Ͳ⡣Щ𵤴ܹħĴѹ֮£ܳΪɵĽ𵤴Ҳܿɹ
һԲ֪ˣ
ַһЦһ֣ͷ𵤴ͽ浱С
ͷ𵤴û˿ַֻ֮彫֮עǵڣ׵ĸǡ
֮һʧ뵽˾ͷ𵤴ڣַޱ顣ʧһЩ֮Щʧװ˷ѡ
ֻҪƻɹʱõĿ磡
ڸͬʱַҲûͣţڵĽ֮ΪѾ۳˽𵤣ֶΣ۷ֻʱˡ
һԵĻȴޱȵ𾪣֮ǰַŽֻԲˡأȻѾǽˡ
⻹𾪵ģŵȻۿַΪۿɼٶȣѸٵš
𵤳ڡڡ𵤺ڡ
ٶȣַ˵Էˮô򵥣ڻУȴֱģȫ߸֪
µҲ˿ֲɡ
һ뵽ֱַӽΣĪĿֲֶΣҲȻˡ
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ţԲ޷ˡ
ַоˡⷽתܸоⷽԲģҲǣҲ޷ܹΪԪˡ
Ϊ˽Բܺĸܵȴַɻ֮ƺ֮ǰʱճУܵȥԶ
ΪΣ
ַ˼⡣
ˣ
ʱַһҵ𶯣ͷ𵤴ͳͳ˽ԲҲˡ
ҳΪˣ
ͨ
ţϹʱҲ˰ɡ
ǿ
ͷ𵤴񶼳ɹַҲ׷ױַŲƳ棬ʱҲһЩ
ˣ
ͷ˿ҲûѱˣǺַ׽ǸΪҲ׵ջȥ
ο֮ǰ;ǣĻλ
ⳡ컯ǵõˡ
ַ˵ͷ񶼳磬Ҳû˭ǵĶ֡ҸֻһǾǾڶʱ磬ڹ֮ǰ磬𣿡
ף
ʮһݣַרᵽ˹磬Ҳɵӣ֪磬ַ彫д
ˣȥɡ֮һ֪ͨһж
ǣˣ
¡
ǣŴͶϢĴӻƶ뿪ڻڣһλ˶ûУȻ޷Щ
ԣҪһŷҪĵػ𡣡
ҾܾȻæͷ
ַҪķȻн綼ȴ۷ķַҲҪ׼ˡ
Ϊٹʮǹ磬ַɵøڹ֮ǰɹʱҪһġϲ
ˣˣⷽ絽ʲôأϣȻ
ַţ۾еС


1121 񹦴ɣ
һ侲׵ڣеԪ֮һʥɮȻ۾
ʾ
ɻգڸղţȻѪоƺһ㲻ԾȾ磬ѪǱȻʾоʾá
׷˺£
ǣʥɮʼ㣬Ԫ֮һϾû㲻Ķ
Ȼһ㣬һüĿ
ƺҲֹһλ㣬Щ£
ʥɮɻͱħս̽ħĽȻڶ࣬ȴûˡ
ڣȴȻֹһͷȷЩΡ
ţȥһ£ʱ֪жٲ¾
ʥɮˣͱ۾
ңԶħս̣ϵĽħͬܵı仯
ʾ˼ֹһͷٺ٣ЩæһˡЩΪãܸһЩ鷳
ħЦһħս̽Ǵħͷ²ֻῼԼʧ
ħ˵СʱħλԪ˵УͲʲô

Ĵɽأֱָ֣ǽ𵤴ҲĴɽ֮СҪôռɽΪСǵТҪôǱĿޣ겻Ӱ
⼸գĴɽȴעƽˡ
䣡
Ȼţͷɽҵһ޴ߣ
ϺţϽ
ͷԣɢſֲϢ
ţͷɽڣ͵ķɳһͷ޴ĺţĴɽţħ棬һͷ𵤴
棬ҽս꣬˭Ҳκβ˭ԣͱ˵ˡ
ţħһЦ˵
ٺ٣ϺţʱͬˣҲգȰ˵
ţٶʱͬһСɽһ㣬ɢԶѰ𵤴Ϣ
⡭
ţħޱ𾪣棬ǽڣһˡڣôҡһ䣬
ĴɽɶҲһͷ
ϺţȻлԵ컯ڱһᣬ
ߣȴ˵
ţħɲôģǣֱ˹
أ
ûжĶֱβͣݺһɨֱӽţħɨԶص˵ϡ
Ϻţ
ʱţħҲعղѾ֮ܵĲֲ࣬࣬ǵһ㣬޷Խ
ҷˣݼ
ţħͷ­
ΧСǴ˷ڵأݵλµǰǺӽ֮Ĵɽƽˡ
ȻĴɽգͻȻðһͷͷεĿֲ֮ǰպĽ𵤴Ҳ֪ʲôһԾΪ˽𵤴
ңЩʮͷ
ÿһͷڴԼշһͷͷĴСܿͽĴɽϷָɾ
ڴţʮͷɱû뵽ʮͷȴܿƣǰ˼ͷҪһ
ʮͷ£ԼĴɽϷˣûټĴɽƽ˲١
ǰĴɽʵһЩߣɽնħ˲֪СħһЩߣҪѪаҲǵĴɽ¾
ڣʮͷͳĴɽǵĴɽһЩħߣᱻʮͷ׷նɱ
һʱ䣬˶Ծˡ

ĴɽĿǰƣѵһľȻͳһˣֻǱʮͷͳΡֻҪǲ벻ôֵԼʵǾ粻СһӴ


ƶдһЦ
ϲˣϲ񹦴ɣ
ĴɽڣպʮλڻƶУǴ˳ȥ֪Ƕôľס
ңǶڵأһ˳ģ𾪡
ৣ
ַ۾УһŻ棬ֻһСŻ棬ȴǰʮͷоľս
ƺŻɱǡ
ڴˣţȻЩ죬ǰʮһˣû뵽Ȼܺͻϡ
ַ˼ǿƻķǳأһаʮһ㣬ǰʮ㣬ַ廹ýĵػ
ͲҪˣַ巴ͻ룬뵽Сʱһ·˾žŰʮһԲĲΡ
Ⲣûֹͣ棬󣬽ַյл涼ںϣѾﵽ˷˼ĵزַĹƣӦԶʥ塣
ַܲͨԼҲӦκζͨȲ˵ġ
⻹໥֮еҪ˵˵ڼ㣬һʮϡ
һʮϵ⻹ô
ǰʮͷķڷַһ·Բһ·ַĻԽԽֲЩޱȵľ֡
ôһʮ
ˣжַ͸Ӿηˡ


1122 ǰ
Ƕƿ壿
ַ忴ǰʮͷʵ
࣬Ĵɽڵ϶ƿסˣĴɽ⻹壬ɢڸأƿء
СĻش
޷ĴɽڵҲ㹻ˡ绹һʱ䣬Ǿͻȥú׼ʱһҪһ벻ľϲ
ڶһ𣬹Ȼĵ»ǷˣַҪԴ¶ˡǿǴ°һλʥɮǿԪˣϵĴڡ
ˣλʥɮ
ôģǵʱ򾡹֣ܶٺò֡
ַĵĻڶҲԷġʥɮԪΣǰλˣֶΣѾѷԪˡ
ǣʮͷѸٵ뿪˻ڡ

ʱһգ۶ŹʱٽȴԵðеơ
ԭÿι綼ʢᣬԻûŶԣȴǲ۲۵ĥǶ
ȴòȥ
˼һûгأûнơ
ǰûƹҲû޳ɽ𵤡ϾҪʼˣȴòȥ
ι磬ǰϹأλϴǰȥӼɡ
ݼݼǱȥģأ
ӱϾۣŽֻˣȥҲãȡ裬˵ǵӣ˭ţ
ҿнһιٴǰȥ
ڳ׵ַȴ˴ڡ
λϣȥ硣
ֱַ˵˵⡣
ȥ磿вУʵδɣȥҲﲻš
簡ȥҲãںúС
ַҲ˵ֱɢһ˿Ϣ
䣡
ɽ纣Ϣ˲䱬ޱȵĿ񱩡
⡭
ţˣ
Ҳǵõκ֮ﰡôˣ
ǿ֮أĴռϺõȴպͿǺͿˣ
ڶ೤ǾϲǺڲѡַټ򵥲ˣʧȥ˻ĸպôƹɾͽ𵤣
£ǽַ嵱˵Ψһϣ
ûκȻȻˡ
ַЦŽ͡
һͣȴһӰ
˵ʲôûнκȻȻɹˣ
ܰܲ
ɹֻϹŴ˵ваһǾ¸Ϊι̵ʿ
Ȼ˻񣬼ֱ˼顣ȻɣǵӰ
г̲鿴ַεֻ¶ոΪȻЩϾֻܲ鿴Ϊ
ĸȴ
г϶ϲȻֻϹʱ߲пܰ쵽ܾףַǵӣڳҲȻˡ
ӰΪǿʢĴԼħսУҲûеӵĴڡѾ񣬵жô棬ڵĳ֪
ˣַȻڳҲֻǵӵ̫Եʡ
ɹڹϣҲΪˡЩǿҲˡȥ磬һܴʣΪһ档
һ˥ˣŶЩˡιеӳôЩŲе뷨ձǻڣڣˣ
ͬǰ硣
೤϶׷ͬǰ硣
ڳҲ˾ɴϡִԼϴӡǻĿǰڶ೤ǿλϣȻģҪȥüһѡ
ң˻ڴ󲿷ֵĵӣַλڣõĹ澡ʧˣȻҪϵȥ۽磬ͬʱҲǿŵӵ
ԴˣַȻûʲôֻҪڴȥˡ
ȥ֮󣬴ַҲһѣ˭ǻڵĵӣûüһҲʲô

󣬻̡
˼ֻɺף˵ɺףʵֻεŻڵǰȴûʲô⡣
ַڴҲƵƵĿͶַ塣
ϢɶˣַλڵӣȻѾɹˡ
Ҫַ֪ڣҲһµʱˡ
ϯݼݼĿޱȵĸӡһҪţòʮԲСʦȴһСľɹˡ
壬ô棿
ݼݼЩˣһɹ·伮Ҳ޷ҵַš
ַһЦǻҲãҲա
ֻҪ˴£ôڣҲͳΪ˹ȥʽҪôɹҪôʧܣַѾ׼


1123 磡

ķɺ׷ٶȼ죬ߣҲֿ˵ѡڳǿɾûⷽĹˣǵں
ַ忴һ۴ϣ漴һֱɻ˳ϣڵ伮жο洫洫˵ͳӦԪ˰ɣܳӣΪεʧˣ
Ҳһַ֪ҲֻģܵõһЩ벻
ϲĿһַ壬һ漴˵氡ʵ̫ԶˣɵĴڡһĹżأȷй档ֻ澿ʧˣֻдԼħս̵λԪ֪һ
ַ˵ͷδš棬λԪΪһֱȵȡ
˵ͨˣǶĽҲһ֪
ˣǰǴ¡
Ȼгѵ
ַȥȻǰԼɼһֺ·ɢ޾ʥâһۣ˸о
ô
ַţǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
ܿ죬ɺѾٵ˴УдµĵǰӴ
ŹٽССڶš߶ǰ¡ڶ߻һãȴûκ˸֡ҡ
ԭΪһλʥɮλԪ˭ҷ
ַŻˣǰ˴°ŵסҲûþ̽£ϾһλԪˣ˵ᷢ쳣
οǹ磬Ѿˡ
ʥɮħս̽ħվҿˮж
ַţŴҹա

վǹˣҪȥһˡ
ħսУħУĿԵ
µĹ磬Ϊӡǰ᲻ħս
ħս̳С˵Ͼÿһħ֮棬Ƕⲻһս
Ƿģǰȥ鷳ġЩ£һ
ħһգҲоˡҲԪˣȻʾԽԽǿҡ
ԸСֻԪˣʾҲֻܸоõ
ħҲѣʾȻȥúõġһġ
ҵҲˡ
ħսڳҲ˿꣬ħս̵ӲùʵǱѹţħҪħսħ£Щ𵤳ǣɾͻᵹùˡ

ǰǴˣ
ʮͷѾһãѾ֪žĴϢ뿪Ĵɽǰ¡
ħʵû嵱һ¡֮ǰһֱĴɽУȻû˭뵽ʮͷô󵨣뿪Ĵɽ
棬Ǿôǰ£ġ
ЩɡҲһ뷨
ȸַ壬ַҲҳϡġԲɵ˿ƵǲҲ֪£ι󣬻᲻ڣ¾ͺ˵ˡ
ǰλĪˣоһݡûаգǶִ
οϴ£ֱδй׳١
ʮΪеĴ棡

ڶһ磬¾ʹֺľʥ񰲾ŶѾǰˣʢᣬ
һ¡šɡڣϤ롣ڵλȴЩΣĩβĩβҲ֮һ
ٺ٣ǲǻ𣿡
԰׵ĻڡѾûˣʥɮڵΪûڴھ֮С
ѾʱˣȴƲӣҲҪ߳ڡ
ڵɫЩ̫ãݼݼڲǵǱ򶨣ɫҲ
ڵû˵ʲôĿеֲмܿġ
ң֮һЩСɣŻڵλȴǻУ۵ľǾŽɣλˣҪ
ߣ
һ漴ַ崫ӣӶϼ㲻ÿһҪʣһ֮ЩŶһھû䣬Ҳģ
ַȻ˵ͷôϷġʵϣַϣڵ֮ĶԺȤעûڳʧˡ
Ŀڸǲɨкü۷ϢžطĴڳϡ
ַڴĴʥɮȴٳٶûг֣ϣʥɮֻڹ󣬲΢¶һҲ˶ѡ
ַŴ⣬ѾĸܵϤ֮˵ʮѾϵˡ
ˣʮӿ£ѵ֣
ַ۾΢΢һУ漴ͨķʽʮ´


1124 ˣ
ʮǱڴ⣬ڼɵλʥɮˣǲû̫ҡַ֮סϵϢĵȴš
ˣ
Ȼһӵַ
Ҷӵ˵ɣǾְ͡ɣ
˸һ˿֮ɫǣĿҲޱȵķ񡣹£Щħ
죬ˣ

ڵַ壬콣ڵģ
Ѿʼˣǵֵ֡ڵӳˣһߣȻַ塣
ֱԵĳַ֣ʱ˶¶Ź֮ɫ
ַ壿ѵ֪ζʲô
ЦڴжϾѵʶ֪ӣ£Ѿûеˣ
ǰ¶ûеӣһûţĵӣ
οַ廹Ӷղˣðĵӣ
㿴ڵߵӣѵΪǸַǵӣֱǻ֮
˶ڳŻڡϾĵλ뺬壬ÿһλӶǾžޣ޵еĴڡ
еӣǿǽЦˡ
˶üͷӡǻڴǿҼȥġšʵôµ˺ܲ⡣
ѵһӵͷûˣЦ󷽰ɡ
콣ڵѾ̨ЦſŻڵλã˭ַ壿ȻҳƵӣǿЦҲգҽӲڽŵ£㻹к棬֪ܵԳƵӣ
ĵȷĿʸΪ콣ڵĶʦ֣ڴʦ֣ѾʮԲ׼ˡ
ַ建վȴûпһģԶա
ˣ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ˶֪ôʱͻȻ¶
¡
¾ҵ𶯣ɮɫ䡣ǻɽ󰡣ΪʥأףȻҲлɽ󣬶һɽ󻹺ǿ
ڣǸӦʲô
ɽȻˣ
𡭡
һֲĺΪ΢һģվȣֻܿԶУͷ
壡ҹµĻɽ󣿡
ţǽ𵤴ÿһͷǽ𵤴ⶼʮϰͷɣΪ׵ʮͷ𵤴ѵУĴɽеʮͷ
ѵͶħ
ҹ£ֻħˡԼ£û˻šϾ¿¼еλԪ֮һʥɮ
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һɫɮµߣ˫ֺʮһһͷ·һ㣬֮ϡ
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ʦǽԲֳһһķħƣ޵֡Ҳֻħս̵Ĵϲ֮Ѱʮλ಻֡
лʦҵȻǸǡ
·μӹߣƺԻʦģûоšǴ£¼ȫĵط幥಻˾ô»Σա
һֵı顣
˾ãǲͶħ½֮󣬴һŭѪϴĴɽѾ̲ݻˡ
ͺ¿
һݣǻʦ¼һһĶ֣ǿߣʦʢ֮£˰
壬ھͱħɱʧȥ͵ǡ
ȲĴɽڣȴðҴ£֪ŭĿѵĴɽе⵽ѪϴǶ
ʦģƣȴһҲƺûаʮС
һҧͺ¿ǴףѪծۡգҪ峥һʱʵѪծƴ£öȳѪϴζ
ݵò񣡽ƶɮг֮£ǻԹޡ
ʦкʮ漴гһħƣɢȻǽħƣһһȶⷨǽԲҲסħƵһ
ȥ
ħ˲󣬴ݺݵĳŻȥо壬ħպգַ漴ɸ뽵ħӲӲ
ڣַ棬Ҳò֡
𡭡
ٴͣǧɴСӴɢſֲϢƺ봿кܴ
һƬƬɫƬȫԵޱȵֲ硣
ȫݺһצеĽħơ
أ
һ죬ԭƵᣬͷʮƺڳȵĻ£۾ͫ͵һƺʲô˼һ


1125 ݼˣ
ʲô
ʦƵϣҲ¶֮ɫֻһħƣݺݵצײһ
ֲನ˷ɢȥĽħƣһش
أ
һצӣȻݺݵץס˽ħƣħҪ֧Ųסˡ⻹
»ʦδǿ
ԼҲо˼飬ħǿڻĸУȴǲɵֵ
ղûȫ
ѵ˸Ҹ죬ʵѾԶԶһ
ͷͬʱҲȫ޴צٴκݺһץ
꣡
ħƾȻˣֻѿһѷ죬ǵȷѿˡһһķôᱻһѣ
ܣô
ǿǽħư
Щƺܲ򵥡ѹָҹ¡
ҵȻȥȭɣЩ˷
ߣɵĳǣҲоԾˡһңܻ˴֮ЩСͻϣħ壬ȴŽᡣ
ݣ
һɽɳǽųϳˡ
մɱ䣡
ǿǿҲޱȵ˷ܣ׷ʩչʱֲͬճһ㣬С

ʮͷֱңǵַ֮ޱȵļͣϾַĿԻı׼졣
ǽħƶ޷ǵˣһʼսƼһߵеĽ𵤸Ҫö࣬ȴɱѹס
أ
ħƱһצ飬ʦܵ˷ɣֽһ૵ˣˡ
μӹеӡǣҲһĽǣƺԼ۾
ǿǽ˰վλãֻвпħսŻʧڣֻ壬ôʧ
ʵǲһЩ߿ƬߣˣҲˣԶԶȲ
ַҡҡͷһһ̨м䡣
ַ壬ʲô
ΣգΣհ
ϽӣϽŵӣһڵϣ
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ַ壬ųƻڵӣƲַ壬ȻҲ̨м䡣ֻǣĿȴûпһۣеս
ֻʵôһҲ͸ýˡ
ַĺʧʮͷûдﵽ۷ѹѹ¡
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ڵڳϣļ١ݼݼҲæǰһȻɵ̨֮ϡ
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ݼݼĽסַ䣬ַȴ˿
ַ忴һݼݼԼԶĻżĳǣ̾һҲգûûüЩ£ȴòȥΣգ磬û˭ҸеΣգ
ַ帺ֶȻûɢκϢȴݼݼоƺǰַ壬Ѿúǰһˣеİ

һ˻ʦĽ𵤣ýԲĻʦô˻С
漫˷ܣ쳤ХоԼѾ޵һǰø߲ʣЩǿߣЩˣȴֽͬһ㣬ޱȵĴ
濴·̨µһӰʱȴһ顣ûǣһôģ˭ġ
ˣ治̫˷ܣ㳯ȥ
ãΣգ
ַ壬Ͻ߰
ݼݼһĽǰһĻԾǺƽٰ¶ֵסЩǲǺƽʲô
أ
ѾڼһҧҲ͵ķɵ̨ϣؼʱ̣׼һַ塣
ϾַǻֻԻ͵Ψһϣ
ɵ̨ȴǲһ̬ȣǱϹϾڵصݼˣ
ţ
ݼݼһӽסڳҲһӷ·𲻿˼һ㡣
ಣ
ʱһͷһͷѾ˶֣Ҳ׷׷ɵ̨ϣͻһɢſֲϢӴڵأݼˣ
һʱ䣬˶ޱ𾪵Ŀ̨ϵǵӰ
ǲǻڵĵ
һӣЩֲݷ
ַ壬㡭
ڳڷӦ˹һԶƵͷ־嶼ӡ
ѵЩַ£˵ַǾħͷⳡƽٵʼٸߣ
ַ帺ֶȴյôʱ֣


1126 潵٣
ֳһƬž˿ַַ֪˵ʲôЩˣҲûзΧʲôˡ
û˾ַװŪַǰһƬƬڵصǣɲǰ衣ȻƺַΪˡַ϶Ǿħͷ
һƽ٣ַġ
ݼݼԼڳϣѾľ֪ô¡ַ岻ǻڵҲôɡ
һʱ䣬ַϸǷ·һصɫʣοַеӣ̤ƽ˴£Ϊ
Ǻǡ
ȻйȻһİ
ֱܷñЩȡ
У¶һӰۣĿһ㣬Ӹ£ˡ
ȻӰĿУַֻһˣЩûпһۡ
Ӱֺ·̾˾ħս̽ħ
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ǿħս̽ħеλԪ֮һʥɮͬħɱ飬һħͷɱ֮ˣѾѪɺӣԼ
ħ
ַ˿֮ǰһʮͷǣڿħ󣬻ǷĵĿ־塣
ݺ޵еħȻ
ַҲۼԪˣԷ֣ͣŶΧľԾ䣬žҲ޷ħ
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շЩҲЩֶΡֻǣЩףЩڲͬƺѰ
ħϸһӦЩĲͬѰңЩʾӵǿˡ
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ħȻ˵
ӷħԡ֮һֻҪһƣܻɱ
У֪ʲôʱһɫӰبյУɢ˲ֱӵʥϢ
ʥɮ
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оˣʥɮȱ
ϲ⣬ǿʥɮΨһһλԪˡ
Ǻǣ㻹һαʲôһƣ㲻ЩµȮôƫԸ
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ΨӵˣܵԷżȥܳΪס
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˿̣ĶˣͣҲܹоģħõˡ
ԭʾԴЩɱܵõͣͳͳȥɡ
ħǴħͷʲôطһԲϾҪɱˡ
ӷħǴ£ɱ¾ʿɶֹ
˭Ҳû뵽ʥɮֹħȴԹ£ɱֵ޶á
һʱ䣬ħߣҲ֪ô¡
ַ壬ħƺûзϣֻԼ
ԭˡ
ַˣˣˡħĵϸַҲˣղħ֣ɱͷַ˵ֵһᣬȴ֪̽Ԫ˵ĵϸ
Ƭˡ
ֻϧַ˵ʵǲֵһᣬҲͱ۷ǿһ㣬лһƬΪܣ޾
ʲô
ʱˣ
ȻһЩûн⿪ַȻѾ֪Ƭǿ֪ⷽĵϸȻҲͲ˷ʱ䡣
أ
ַһָʣµͷȻֱӺȻַһֱӾ˽ȥ
¡¡
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ʥɮħʱֹͣ˽֣Ŀ⳯·ȥ
Ǻǡ
ַһһͷ·нһһһա
潵٣
һַ̣Ҳûκι˼ɣ˲併٣ͷһƬ޴磬˲ͣϯȥ


1127 Բۣ棡
ʲô
˶յУֲӰݺݵϯ֮ƺҲûʲô仯ȴй˱Ťĸо
ţаħаħ
ʱʥɮħɫ䣬ѾʾˣǶо˼ȵΣա
Ѱ޷оΪԪˣϵȻƬ磬ƺڱɿֲӰ̡
ǲʳǾֱ̣Ӹˡ
ɱ
ħûκγɣһΣʥɮˡ꣬ΪˣΪ˽ԷΪƬס
ַڸʲôҪƬ綼ɰ
ʱﻹַ֪ĿֲħͷҪֱӽ綼ɡ
¡¡
ħ֣֮ʱγһֻ޴۾޾ĻϢ
ֻ۾һ֣飬ȫоľƺֿûС췣֮
ǲ֪ʲô£Լħӣƺʲô춯ص¡
ַ忴һյеֻ޴۾ʵϤˣһǿҵųͷ
棬Ҳܵų⣬ķ
С̫ˡ
ַҡҡͷٶԼԿ顣
ݼ񣡡
ǧħҲֶɢſֲϢ۷˿ȴϵյУϵַ֡
ǧħҲ׳ԼʹһӸǿ
䣡
һ޴գյС
κ˿оĵ𶯡
֮ǻַ̺֮ıԴ֮Ȼ֮Ҳַ֪ڸʲô
ǣ֮ѸٵĽһӣӱΪ˷ĩƮɢյУܿ죬Щĩ㳤һСյСȴַ棬統УεĽץסСŲơ
ж
ַ忴Ȳ棬ȴֻؽ磬Ͳͬһˣ˵һ硣
һɡɡɡĳɡ
ġͷ·һžһݺݵĽҪ뵽浱УһΪǿСںϡ
ַҲǵһΡɡһ磬ȴûκθоİĵطͺǧܡϤһ
ġʡ
ֶվյУʲôûôĿħλԪˣѾͷ󺹣ĸоԼܹԽԽˡ
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
ħɫѿǵԴ磬һʧȥҲһǴˡ
ղ֣ҪַɱȴûκáַվΧһεϣǵĹַΧԶ͹ޡ
ַ浱УǴ֮ʲôܹ˺
ңǿԳƺΪ֮񣡡
ַ帺ֶ˵֮ĳ֮£Եޱȵʥ
ħɫȴ쳣ѿ
֮񣿲˭Ҫ磬ѵ֪Ĳ
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ַ΢΢һ㶣ħȻᵽ˵档
㲻֪
ħ漴ЦȻδΪֻһλףҺˣΪ˳Ϊף÷Ͻ硣Ͻ֮˵֮аħҪ磬ѵµ֣
ַͷһȻ䣬ƺëȻĸо
֮ǰһֱãԼƺ©ʲôڣˣ©˵棬ҪҲؼˡ
һֱãǶ׫ˣҪôԪˡ
ʧ٣ǧš٣Ԫµǲ֪ħ˵ȻϽ硣
磬磿
ַЩѹʱճУӦȻڻ磬ҲڻôֻλԪˣֻ
⻹ǽ
ַˣԭֻǡ½硱ֻһСˡ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬綯
ַ̧ͷȥյУȻһ󶴣ԼԸܵһɺƥ˳Ǹк
ӿֲǣַ忴һֻ֣һֻױȣӴĴֱ֣ӳ
Բۣ
ַˣ棬ǵˣ


1128 ˣ
棡棡棡
ַŭ𣬻ʥ𰡣ʥ
Ԫ磡
û˿ɣַһŭ𣬿ֲ͵һţͬһ㣬ѸͣգۼͰס硣
¡
޴Ԫ磬ֺֻݺײһʥһһǵ޾
ַһ𣬸оһ籩ռ䶼˲飬֮һϢ
شһַͱش뵱ħһȫַͬƾԪͨħӲһǣƽɫ
ǻʥһַãܿסʥһˡ
ڣַ֪жôסʥһҪ˶ַ֮绹ûԲλʥһλʥܵ
λأ
涼ûмֻһֻ֣ȴַ֮ͬһ㣬һֵסѾԶԶ˻ʥһ
ַͺ磬ݺһײ˵λ棬Ѿ磬Ϊס
²ףܵҲԶԶЩʥ
һԲĿֲ֮
Щͷǵʯ䣬ַԺһ漴ٱ磬Ҳ³
ֻ֣ѾҪӴֱסʱַͳ׳ϵ⣬׸ˡ
أ
ַûκγɣֱ̼ϵʱӡǡѾʱ糹ɽ档
ʱӡܲԸأַ岻Ͼֱֲֻ̫ˡʱ߲õֶΣӦûǿ
ˣ
Ȼַ弤ʱӡǣַԼ棬һǿ֮£˲ʧ
ʧˣҲʧˣַʧӰ١
ֻһƬڵ
ţ
ֻ΢΢һ漴ΪһߡĿһƬ޾֮ڼš
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аħģããǴ뿪ģ
ϵͷţ˼⡣
ֻǣʧ䲻ϵ˽ǣƽ޹һ磬Ҳ
ϾЩɶƿص籾Դһ֡
ಣ
ϵ̽޹Ƭգ׽ž˺֮⡣

ˣ
ʱ֮ǰһӰ˳
ˣ
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ͬɽһ㣬ֱǿĵز
㲻УһС磡
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˿̣Ѿǧٿף֮һϢǵһĺû飬㹻ˡ
ַǴ֮񣬿ʼ޸档ܿ죬Ĵ˶һһĻָһ磬磡
һ磬С磬ַ棬֪ж类桰ɡʵںϡ
ˣַǳ֣һããǿգһһɫС硣
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ƽҲ֪ʲô£֪Ѿַ棬ǻһ硣
ֻ֮ǰλԪˣħ֪ôһ¡ˣ˿ѾɫΪ类ɣĹѾת淨ҲԪˣ޷һ
ǱȽҪǿһˣԭΡ
ڸ߸ϵλԪˣܽܣ
ৣ
ַӰ׵ĳ˵ǰȴƺûоȣҵݴðɡ
ȻѾ֪ĿǰĴ
Ԫˣ֪̫ˣԣ鳾ֻȥɡ֮ٶ֤
ַҡҡͷҪ׽˴ɢƺЩַ̡彫ֱתƵֻؽ磬ֻ֮ĥ籾ӡǣתֻأӡǡ
˴ӴԺ󣬾ͳ׵ˡ
Ƭ硭
ַϸһƬ磬ħս̶ˣϾλԪͻȻʧҲǴңΪˣ綼ˡ
ֻǴҰˣû֪ô¡
ⷽʵַһܳĨȥȻ󳹵Ͷֻؽ磬תֻأò˶ãܳ硣
ַվǲģǶǻοûԪˣҲǧʱˡ
ʱЩȥȻҪͶֻؽУתֻأȻͱ
Ҳգһж˳Ȼɡ紫вףЩУ͵һ
ַȻҲһ


1129 ع磡
ַ棬ͽȻһ硣ֻؽ磬Ҳ׵뵽ַֻؽУֻؽ
˿ַ̣ǳɱϾںһ磬ǿɲֻһ⡣
˿̵ԪͨѾԶԶԽͨħƽԿѹ
ַĳȣ֪˿жôĿֲħȫһڵַ˵Ͳʲô
ȻʥҪ鷳һ㡣ϾʥԵ֮޾ˣַҲ壬Ҳ޾
ֻлλʥλԲ֮ʥѹַ塣ڵĻַѾκһλʥˡ
䣡
ͻȻеĻ֮ٶͣøӴ֮УƵÿһ
˻֮Ҳӵȹ̡
ôģַ壬ȴǧħǱһϢϢء
ǰַǿǧħȴʼûͻûеõ
ڣǧħٶŭ𣬾Ȼͬʱʮȴ۳飬ǴЩơ
ǧħѾɱ˻ޣ˵ַȷʵ˷츲صı仯
ˣأ
ַ彫ջڣŷſ鿴ʱ֮Ÿûκκۼ
ǵõһʱ֮ţƺֵסЩһǳӴ磬Ϣ±Ȼ綼Ҫֲ
ûлûлôȥ
ַüͷڻУռ䡢ʱ䶼ûУˣַҲ֪˿ʱ便ȥ˶೤ʱ䡣
ֻм£ܹ꣬˼ꡣ
Ͼ粻һʱҲһ
Ѳֻܼʱ֮ţǰڶ磿
ַһڼǰڶҲǲԣЩĻе
ܹصһˣˡ
ţǲ񲻾ͨҿͨ󷵻ء
ַһԴ漴뵽
ֻǣ⣬ʥֲеֻҪܹ͵ˡ
ȻַУǽһüĿ˫ģֱͨе
ַ廹ûóȻٵð͸ܹԼáһ뿪޷ʱ֮ţǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ˡ
ַоһʱ䣬۾ԾѾ󣬼ˣҲԲó
δѣַǰһЩ׼ʱ֮ڿǻоŸ磬ַɲ׼ô
ʱ֮ûκζʱڣûзصĴˡַҲͲٵȴҲһЩԵǸ絢ˡ
ʱӡǣΣգֱӼʱӡǷأҲʲô̫Σա
ǣֱַ
ৣ
ַӰ˲ʧ

ˣ
סһڣ͵һҫ۵ĹâһӰƾճҵС
Ȼַ壡
Ǻܲܰʱմת֮ҲǷǳܡ
ַҡҡͷ֪϶ǳңԶһûпռģͻضͨʱա
ʱַ嵽Ҳ޷Ӵ
ãʹáңҲû˸Ҵ룬ȥǰʱ֮ţҲʹ󡣡
ַ⣬֮ǰҲ׼Ǳչءһλչأꡢǧ궼ϡƽȻû˴š
ǣַϢ뿪ңص˻˵ܲ
ţ
ַ徫һɨȴЩԾ
ôôԨħҳԨħƺһַǳԨϢӹ졣
ಣ
ַһ˻ܲ

ʥˣʥڳˣ
ߺߣʥأǻβ񡣡
˵һַ壬ͬ˾һ㣬ϲ⣬ʮ˷ܡ
ô£ЩԨħԼЩ˭
ַһۿƺܲʱ
˿ַֺ˶һ㶣漴عæشʥڳˡչصһٶʱ˺ܶ¡
ľ渵ַȴ΢һ
һٶꡭʱȻѾȥһٶꡣ磬Źһµʱ䡣
粻ͬʱٹȻкܴĲͬһֱûܴڷأ˼ʮꡭǺ룡


1130 һƳ
˵ǵ
ԣԣǶǵ൱Ԩħ
һеǰһλ
ԣԨˮݣλȴԨ֮ҴûȣĿǰҲ
ַɫ
λһλԨ֮Ǿ൱λʥ𡣾û˵Ԩļӳ֣۳־ս׼ڣһλʥ𶼴򲻹
ȴǵǿ󣬳˻ʥ⣬ǻʥ޶ǵĶ֡ڻʥΪλλ룬ǻ
϶Ҳ˺Ͱһİ취ʥͶ赲ǣڣЩԨħԽԽ޼ɵ
Ȼǲڻʥж֣һȴͱˣѾǿн˻ˡǵԨħǵĿĶһ¶ΪǿŻԴʯ
Դʯˣ
ʥЩԼԨħǶûнԴʯóǲĿǰԬԱܣҾڻС
ַ˵ͷԬŵùġ
ԬԴʯĻᣬӶԴʯַͲ⡣Ϊ˸ԬһԴʯʲô
ʥˣЩԨħһҷ
ЩѹܴЩԨħһĻ񣬵ȴûκΰ취Ҳ˲ԴʯҲû˵
ڴַܹأ˿
ҷ
ַЦһȻˣǾͲˣʥͶҶ֣ɲ̣
ַѾ֪ЩԼԨ֮ҵĴ㡣ͼšˣķʽһһĽӽԴʯʱ̣ǿжȡԴʯ
ʥô裬ܻһãκζ
µĻȥֹЩԨħҲûоԵİաϾǿ߾ַλʥͨĶ񣬸ѹƲЩԨħߵ
֮£һֻߵֵزʥ֣ܳǶ֣ԨħһıȻˡ
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ʲôʥ
ʥعˣ
ʥ⸱ӣƺưոݡ
ưոΣʥǶͶҶЩԨħǶ֣ʥΣ
˿ʥһŭЩ˷ܣȴб
ʥ𶼲Ҷַ֣һλʥҶ֣
ַȴ޹˼ɣֱӶˡʥͶַûĹǣַ岻ţЩԨħնɱλԼԨ֮ңĸҽ귢͸ħͬھ
Ǹܣ
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ɱ
ַʥѾˣʱձʿ飬ҪַҲַûĴ㡣
ĸ棬Ҫʥ壿ңʥҲֻǴͨˣڵַ壬Ѿûʲô
һַ޳ߴһʮ˻棬ˣ˿Ӱ
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䣡
ַңңһָʱ𶯣Ŀռ·𶼱˺ѡһſֲĻ棬ֱЩԨħϡ
ʲô
ôܣ
Ԩ֮ӳ֣ư
֮ҵ񡭡
Ԩħǵһޱȵľ֡
棬ƺǻ档ǵϣֱȼܵĻ棬ֵǣûκλӦֻǵĻ棬ȼգƺκ޷
ǼλȻʥ޵ĴħߵҲһ
ס֣
Уһţɵľ޴͵Ĵ֣һѾץַ塣

ַһͬԪͨûʩչһƾͳͷȥ
أ
Ӵ͵ıַһƳУػܵ棬ֱӽԷķɡ
䣡
ͷţĹƺ׼ŭ¶ɢſֲĻ棬ֻ棬ƻеκλ棬һһ˿֮
֮𣡡
ţĹ޴󣬱Ķַ壬ɱڡ
һһλ׼ڣ˿ֲƣ
ղţλȴַһƳɣˣױŭ
ţ׼ڡ
ַԺҲһ󵨵ͷҪҪһΣѸײڶ֮ƣնɱ
û˵ļӳ֣Ҳû˲ԡַڵʵ޾ǰ
ֻǣ൱ðգûɱǧһ֮ʣԷͬھ귢͸ħΪ֣֮
ַ忼ţǲǴһΣһݣǰ׼ڳնɱֻҪٶȿһЩԷĻᶼûС
ʣµһͰ֪Σѵͬھɣ
䣡
ʱһȻ˲סƬռ䣬ţĵǱסãŭ
ַգ֪ʥˣ


1131 ʥ⣡
ʥѵǻ뿪ս
ţĵĽǿԴԴϵĻ֮ǵһʱҪѿҲЩ鷳
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λ׼һӳ֣Ȼ֮ǰһԿӡ
ڿʥԼڤʥƺѾŭŲòʥЩԨ֮ͶͬھЩԼԨֺ֮γһ
ֻһһ̽ı̫ǲ볹׷ʹ걻ħ֣Ҳ϶ˡ
˫мɵ˫Ͷ
ԭŴħԼԨһռƣҪûԴʯʥҲò֣ϾԼԨ֮ûв֡
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þȴŻᣬڰλʥûйλοھſŻԴʯҲûг֣üȴᡣ
λʥ˵꣬漴Ҳգʧ

ַ巵˻ˣҵһʱǰҵС
ৣ
ַУȴԬʱŻԴʯȻѾεĶ
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ַĳȣڰλʥ𰡣ѰôãԴʯôң˭뵽ʥԬôһλɾôʱߣ
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ַˡŪˡڤڤ֮Уһֻ֣ڲݡƿһС
ַõ˻Դʯڰλʥ𣬾Ȼߣһұۣ˸֮һԬ
ôⶼһɺϡ
νġ⡱תˣַ岻ԬԴʯֱӽԬնɱǲǾûеڰλʥˣ
ַҡҡͷ²ᷢ
ķˣַҲ϶ֵڶλʥΪֻԵɺ϶ӴԴʯӶ߹
⣬ַҲơˣǡ⡱֮һ
ַȻⱻ⡱ƣǻĿǰҲû磬֮ܿܿһ㡰ơʲô
οҲûʧʲôһλʥǴĻеպλʥԻ˻Ǻεȵչˣ
ַûκʧ档
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ַһ˿â
뿪¾˽ˣ
ַУԶԶû˽ᣬŸոտʼ


1132 ʥٻ磡

ַѯʵԬУκ˴ţԴʯڵңΪأ
ǣ
УһԨЩҲһʱˣǶڸʲô
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ŶԨô޼ɵ
ԣǾô޼ɵԨǴսɱ¾гɳġǾɱ¾ͬȽ׵ĴڣҲռݲʲôơڻǣ޳飬תޡ
ַüͷ΢ʥûûʥ޽룿
ʥʥǲԸǻʥ̫ǿƣֻЩʥ޶ҪԨԼˡ
ַˣԨ޼ɵһ޿֣еԨ֮
ҲΪǵȷʵռƣҲϾ֮䶼סοԷдħԼʵڶ֮ϡ
ܺãù֮ô
ַһ˿âЩԨ޼ɵΪʥûɳô
ֻԡ˽˶Թ½ᣬ֮ҲʱԴˣʥҲȷó֡
ַˣɲʹôˡ
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ȻСʥ֪ԴԴϣ룬Щǽ½˻ˣֻպܹõԴʯĻᡣԴʥչغЩ˻磬޼ɵһ½䣬תޡֻϧҵʵãҲֻܰڶ
óʮߡ
ȥټ˵ɣһ˵Ķ˭ҲòߣοԨԳ֣ûػ˵Ķ
дϲַλʥ֣ôһоͶбˡ
Ѹ֪ͨ˻˵ȻΪַ塰չءԭ򣬶ҳٳٵòԴʯĻᣬһЩ뿪˻ˡ
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ַ峯ȥ飬ÿһλɢϢһ㣬λ
Щɶ񰡣вλѹĻѾĵһ
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˵ڰλʥ𣬵ʱжٻڻˣַҲ޷֤
ڣҲǸû˷ʱˡ
λȶǻǧѣߵ˽һվ˻֮ۡҵߵĻ磬֮硣οЩ廹ðˣȵĻ½ǿ벻̣
գأлֻҪǱ˻½ߣʧߣгԹߣԿɼ뻥ˡʱ򣬻˾Ƕǿĺܣг𱨳ԹԹ
𣬱ĻѸ磡
䣡
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ֱ̫ˣַĻʵ̫ˣ̲סǳϼϼʥӣ񣬶̲סɫһ䣬ӿȡ
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ⷬɾǶЩսԣ
ʥûж֣ʥַ壬ȴЩս
г𱨳ԹԹ
ʲôʱ򣬸߸ϵĻǣҲҪЩԨԼ
壬ǿн塣
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ַԣг𱨳ԹԹЩ壬£ַλʥĽٻ磬ʥ
ĳ̶ֳϣʥϽԽʥ


1133 Ҫɱ䣡
ڣȾ汾ȥ壬һ֮Ҫɱ䣡
ַһչ磬ͬľһ㡣
Ѿĳȣ󺰵ҵԸ׷ʥ
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ַһն漴ַӰһֱӾ˿ռ֮УλҲ󣬷׷̤˿ռͨ
һգۣλʧ١

Уһ½취סˣκ߶롣
ƴ½ԭһƲԼƿʯԴ½̻Ṳܡȴ˵˹ء
ʱƴ½ϣĵڲϵæµţڸƴ½ȻûѹƵĻЩʺϵ
ˣȡƴ½˹ʼ죬½ɭɭʺϵ档
˹ڸĻ½¶һ˿̰֮ɫ
ôӴ磬ôԴֱȵһٱֻϧȻЩųĻռˣʵ̫ϧˡ
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ΰǴԶἸ½ȻͳͳǵʺϵĻʵ̫ӴˣԶǵҪӴЩħռ˵ܹҵ磬ҲѾǳˡ
һͷҲп˵ںˣܹ뵽ҵ磿ѭһЩħָʾԶҪںˡ
ǰ̫ӴˣԴڶ࣬ȴǵ硣ЩųĻͲӵôĵ硣ò˶ãȵǵõ˻ԴʯΪ˻ٺ٣ʱǵƬʱˡ
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˹ɳƴ½˻յУȻǰƺƵˡΪ׵һӡ
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˹ɫһ䡣Ȼǵѱһڻ绹˽ġȻ֪ʥ֮µĵһˣʥַ壡
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˹Ϊַʲô͵Ϯ֣һλҪ˹֣¶ûжֵ
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˹æѶΧĵԼ¡˹Ѷˡ
ԹԹг𱨳ƴ½ȡģ죬Ҫû
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ƾ㣬Ҳܴ
ַɲţһħѶİ취
֪߻ܣһڵԼԨ֮С

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𡭡
˹ʩչͷȮҲΪӴ󣬶һȼյĵ֮˫ͬǻ棬˹ĵ֮ԶԶַ
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λȥɣе𣬸ɱۣ
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ַ帺ֶվյС˿̣Ҳûʲôصģ֮Ѿ˳סƴ½
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ַ΢΢һĥʱֶַһȫµϢƺĳӡǡ


1134 ɱǵģ
ǣӡǣ
ַ΢΢һ̾˲²⣬ʵĲ²Ҳ˾ŲʮϣȻЯŵӡǡ
ĿǰַУʵѾӡǣֱǻӡǡԨӡǡӡԼӡǡ
ÿһӡǣֻؽ˵ĪİַɵӡԽԽֻ࣬ؽҲԽԽǿԽԽơ
ڶ࣬ƴ½ϵĵҲ٣˵Ͳֵһᡣ
ĵ׷նɱһ˿˿ַ׷ɡһַ˵ʵѾûʲôСҲ⣬ַҲ
ţ
ԽԽĵնɱͻȻһ˿˿ַ棬·һǿֱӡѹ
ַһȻ˵̫ǿҲֵܵסʮֵϤЩڻʥȴһЩͬ
ַɴջ档
ˣ
۲ɼгһ˿˿ͺһֻεġ족ϵŵ
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ַ۾ڸӦš
磿Ӧǻеֻؽ磬־Щ
ַﻹЩԾʲôʳ
ЩƺˡġһַҪƺҲҪ
־ҲѾˡҪԨԼԻ˵вԻ˵ȴвǴƷ
ַԼǴ֮Ҳ棬ˣ״˿̻ġٶʵˡ
־ľѣҪ˵Ҳġ󡱡һ߱һЩ֮һ
ѾҪˣڰλʥʵѾھſŻԴʯĳҲѾԶˡ
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ھſŻԴʯһôעƽˡڰ˿ŻԴʯԼԨ֮ңʧܵĻ
ôھſŻԴʯԨ֮ң;ӲٷˣͬھҲҪᡣ
ͬ׼ڣŵԼԨ֮ھſŻԴʯζʲôһûе˵ھλʥ硰ͻ᳹Բ
ʱ򣬾ͻȻȻų֮ǵԨܵѹƣԨԶߡ
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ʥ˵Ԩ֮־ݡΪ־ĻʥȻӲھſŻԴʯ
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ַΣʲôɣʲôʲôͨʵѾͳͳˡʵϣʥΣҲײΣƴľǴǿ֮֡
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ټĻ磬ǾͺñϺʹһɳǳ֮𣬲֮󣬼ֱ
ĵԨ磬ϣҲȻ١ˣȴסЩħЩħжǿ
ħ翣ʵʵڵв
ھſŻԴʯܾܿǻԨ֮ĵַ岻ò
˻еˣʱסԨ֮󣬾͵þ췵ʱ֮šҪʵӦԼٵĶΨʱ֮ڵſСһ硭
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ԨɱŸոտʼɱõڻŰܷǰʱ֮ţ
ַĿŻգӰһѾǰһ½


1135 ʥľ棡
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ǻ棬ƬնӳճһƬԨħǣͳͳΪ˻ҽΪΪ
ַҲûж֮ЩӶᡱЩж٣ַҲǡƴ֡Ϳˡ
ȻСҲ⣬ЩѾϡˣַҲͲðŷպͻ硰ʳˡ
Ȼڻ绹ûԲѾˣ˭ַ֪ǿ硰ʳ᲻ų⣿
ַ壬ΰľŹ㡭
һͷҽűճ˻ҽ

ַЦһŻաȻ֪ŹΣַɱ䣬ٲʣٷŭΣλʥﻹλף
֪Ԩ֮һ
ַڶ񣬴ɱ䣬ԨѾȻ󲨡
ǷݰԣǼһɱɱŸոտʼѾˡ
֮ǰȡ˻½гԹߣ׷뻥ˣȻԻ˵壬׷ɱЩ
ַλʥԳ֣Щ˭赲
ǣ綼һɱ¾Ȼɱ¾ԶֻЩҲãǶħҲգ׷׶ɱõ
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Ԩ֮УԨ֮һɫ
֮УλҲһͬɫĶַ塣
ǰַ壬ʥڣɱ˲֪Ԩ͵ֱɱЩԨʧء
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һµʥַ壬ȴ֪մȾ˶Ѫ
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ʲôʱ׼ڣҲᱻ˾ˣһµУһ
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˵ַ꣬Ҳûе飬ֱ뿪ˡţεġɱһʵһʱ䡣
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ʥɱҲʧ٣ȫ˵֮ǺԨ֮ǣָֻƽ
˶֪ⶼʥĹ͡
ʥѪֶΣסɱЩλ׼ڶҶ˵ʲô
ʥ֮Ǵ磬̣ڻʥ֮ˣ

ˣ÷ʱ֮ţһ磬ϣܹиջ񡣡
ַŻգѾ˴㡣
ʵܸܵ¡ڤڤУ·һˣϡˣ翣ʵڡ
ŨߣͻᱻؾˣΣգҲֲ˼ĺôĳЩ־С˵УַˣǾǵ֮֮ӡ
ַľ磬Ѿܸܵˡ
˾Ǹһλ񣬿¶ϲ񣬵ַ˵ŨʵҲûʲôá
ѵŨٸһŻԴʯɣ
ŨңֵõһŻԴʯΣַ岻ΪʥŨҲá
Ҳ˵ȫûá
ַŨңߵˣҲȻȻմһ⡣ˣҲᱻڤڤеֺ֣ôչ졣
ֻǣŨңҲ޷硣һȥһ磬˾û˿ˡ
ҪĲˣ磬һ磡
ϣһλܿΪڰλʥ𣡡
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ಣ
ַϢң漴ͨúõӰһģ漴ʧӰ
ţ
ûκϢ
綼ûС
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Ǻǣʲô컯ַоֹġԽǿԻҲԽϾھſԴʯҪˣƽҲˡ
Уֳ˾ʥڤʥӰַʧķ¶һ˿˼ɫ


1136 С
ʱ֮ţһӰѾʱ֮ǰ޴ʱ֮ţַҲĳȣ˼ࡣ
ʮ磬Ҿַ֪֮ӵʮɶǿ硣
׼ڣеκζӦǶ
ʱ֮ڵʱճӣȴַ׾ٵĽжʱ֮ŵĸĪ⡣
ʱ֮ŵġַĴڡ
ûϢûлع顣
ַҲ˼ţθýĸ磿
ĸ磬ַ嶼ȥֻ磬ʮٱ
Ļڻ꣬Ҳ̫Ľ
ৣ
ַѾ¶˾ģһӰ˲ʱ֮С
Ѿǵһνʱ֮ţˣַǼ죬ܿʱճС
ѾǵһڴʱճУַȴɾ̾ʱճӰʲôʱܹٳʱճӣ»˵͸ʲôˡ
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ַֿ˵һ磬ǸӦþ硣ֻ̫󣬶ҶַԣƺΣյϢַ岻׽롣
ǣǰ
ĸ
ַ崩ϤĵطʱǵλãȴѾտҲƺͲκ硣
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ڰ˸ھŸʮ
ַ˵ʮʱѾûѡ񡣽ʱճӣַ޷ͷɼֻܱһǰȥ
ʮѾǾͷˣַֻܽʮ硣
ãʮϢƺھŸֻеȣǿһЩֱȻһЩ֪羿һ硭
ַĳڴҲһЩ漴Ӱ˲û˵ʮ硣

ˣ
ɫգĿƺո¹꣬гһʺ硣ʺ磬Լ΢š
˭ûз֣һӰŴյһƺƾճ֡
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ַ峢֮һԣͷ֣ƬȫûκηӦûų⣬ҲûκηӦ
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ַĴ˿ƺһƬɭ֣ӵɭ⣬һѵС·Լ޺ǻȴһûп
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ţˣ
Ȼַ۾̧ͷ·ɭеĳ˲㳯Ǹȥ

ɭ׳һĿɬмһŮӱС
ŮһͷƾϴžĹΣʸ߹󣬵˿ȴһ˿ǿ
С㣬ܼǰˡɭŸ߼ħ޳ûˣǺѱС㡣
һĸߴϥڵأȰ˵
СȹһΣһ촽ǿ˵Уǰȥǰ죬ɭи߹ķʦûһҪҵλ߹ķʦѧϰ֪ʶҪΪһʦ
СһļᶨҵʦĲݡ
ǺΣСĸһλźӴĹءңҲһλǿսʿ
СС˵˷ʦǵĴ˵һֻΪ߹ķʦʦôһЩʦЩʦܹ뵽ģ
Ͼض߹ķʦǣǿڡ
Сȴģһ˵ɭƺзʦټһҪɭ֣ҲΣֻǲ档
𡭡
Ȼɭдһ޴޺
ãǸ߼ħƱС㣡
ٴУĶɭԼԿһͷӴħޣһһƽ


1137 ÷ַʦ
ӴƱףǿҵѹϢ
߼ħޣø߼սʿĿֲħޡ
СЩУֻжӳһλ߼սʿֻмսʿˣˣƱһ˶ٴС
֮ǰǿС㣬˿̶ɫɷסһΪʦˣͶսʿмһˣͼսʿǣƱǾˡ
ƱܡšһһĿˡԡƺǰļˣѾвˡ
С뿪
ӳһ˫ס漴͵һԾһնƱҪסƱ㸶ۣҲҪС뿪
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Ʊһӣצֱӭ˴󽣡
ʱһɿֲöӳղס󽣣˸ǱǿֱӸˡ
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ಣ
ƱֱӴܵСС㳷˵·ߡһʱ䣬СԼڶɫ԰ס
ף漣Ǿˡ

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ȻԣַǺεˣ׽£ľεǿȻЩ˵ʱԣգۼ䣬ܹˡ
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Ŵ죬þöûлع
ֻС㣬ƺ뵽ʲôò
ܼԦ磬һ˸߼ħƱһЩǿսʿԶԶ
ֻд˵еЩض߹ķʦܹ
Ƿʦˣ
Сгڴʵ
ַ΢΢һЦ漴˵ͷ÷ַʦɭֺΣգǻǾ뿪ɡ
÷֡ȻַʹõĻףѾӣȻҲû֡
ǡǷʦˣ
ţԭɭзʦû
˵Уɭֳûλʦ÷ַʦɣ
ᰡʦض߹ķܻϼǧ꣬һʲô˵λ÷ַʦѾǼء
һȺ˶ޱȵľȣǿǷʦǸ߼սʿӳ˿̶ܼ
С״Σ̹л÷ַʦȣҽɭֶ֮Ůʦ֮Ϊ뷨ʦȥҵĳǱͣЪϢһ󡣡
СҲɵܼķʦҲûʦ󣬶ַȥǱ͡
һַͬ⣬ʱ򲻾ܺ͡÷ַʦӴˣʦҲһЩ
뷨ʦúøлʦһ
С̬ȺܳϿңַ塰Ϊѡһǵ˵ͷҲãҲ׼뿪ɭ֣ȥĳǱһ
̫ˣŸ֪ʦҲһǳˡ
Сܸˣģĵ˷ܡķʦȻͬȥĳǱˡ
ţڳǱУֿ̬ȣ÷ַʦѧϰ÷ַʦһԾܾ˵ԺܹΪ߹ķʦˣ
ССŮƺˡĻ롱Уַ΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ֪Сֻ֪ǸðƷʦʧı顣
ƭһλŮַλʥҲЩⲻȥŪľƺ󣬴˵ʱСһ컯
ǣַС㣬ֶǱȥ


1138 ʦ磡
ֶǱһڵͰķм䣬ԶԶľܿ
÷ַʦѾ˸׵أǰֶǱˡ
С˷ַܵš
ŶǱͦġ
ַ忴һܣȺ߹󣬶Ƕ֪ǲǱڵض
ַҲڹ۲ЩȺЩӪЩȴǳǿ׳
Ҳһ˿Цݣֶһٶڵܺãûйѹե
С㣬С㣬ˡ˺ܵģһɵŰ˵СİΣȥС㣬û׷ϡ
յǱǱھͼҴҸһġŵɫȹӵĸˣŵױܿóʱҲ
ܼң
Сƿ˳ʵ
Ѳء
ϽȥѸһ˵һλʦ˵Ǳˡ
ʦˣ
ܼһȻϣСĻһƺӣϴһ˿Цݣȴ֡߹󡱵ʣ˲ֱӡ
ǣǣȥء
ܼ˴ʦΪһȺˣæַ幧һ̾ʹȥѰֶˡ
÷ַʦƬ̣׺ܿͻ
ַ˵ͷһλķʦԱֳƵһ棬ӡȴһҪС
ǣַĿ˭ҲҴš
ա
ܿ죬⴫һ󼱴ٵһɫ׵ӣͷĿ࣬磬ɢͬҰްĿֲϢ첽˽
˵÷ַʦ
ףλ÷ַʦ
С㼱æ󺺽ַ塣
󺺺ȻֶƬӴصˡ
÷ַʦллҵŮʵ̫ˡ
ֶҲַһ񣬾ǿսʿһλض߹ķʦǿսʿҲ
ֶóȻã¡
÷ַʦԶǿͣһӭ֮
ֶܺˬʵַҲ˽һֶݣ֮ǰСʱС㻹
ֶʱԪ˧սʮ꣬˺ܶ๦ѫ󱻹´˲λͬһƬء
ȻƬЩƫƧҲûʲôʯܲסƬĺֶܴȻͣʵȴܺƣԴصҲûйѹեصҲܺãڱ񰮴
ֶɲôúŪֶַܸ̺ܵǹɿֲɭƱԶԶûֶôǿ
ֶȴ˿ѯַһֱŶַĹ
ԹַȥϢ
˼ʱ䣬ַ嶼ֶǱǱ˶ַҲ˳Ǳղص鼮һŵ˽⡣
Ƭ磬Ϊ¶ķλ棬һλ¶ķĴ淨ʦµλ档
Ⲣʲôܣǹϣ˶֪һλ棬ΪģǷʦ
ȻΪһλսϽӴʦ⣬ûٽӴʦˣЩ鼮ûмطʦ̫ϡ
ֻǹϣѾַ۽ˡ
λǰ¶ķʦһλ淨ʦ
Щ鼮У淨ʦ񣬼ֱܣλסң¶ķʦΪΰ
¶ķŷʦĹԣŷʦǻ֪ʶƬĵλ棬һǻ۵ǿ
淨ʦ
ַϵıأ鼮жᵽ˴淨ʦ
鼮˵淨ʦܣū飬̤λ棬ʦǻ֪ʶֱǿ
Ұ¶ķʦµλɲֻôһλ档
ⲻַޱȵĻȡ
λ棬Ǻܶλ棬Ҵ淨ʦܹƿλ棬ⲻһѵĵط𣿾λ棬Ҳܺġڸǡˡ
һ磬ֱַá
ַҲûеΣҲܽ
淨ʦǣū飬̤ǧλ档ʵ϶ǳǿ
磬ûףַҲ
ڷʦ磬һʦңʦ߱źǿĹԺԣ粻򵥣
ַ岻Լʥܹƽʦˡ
ϾʦǻĴ淨ʦǣųǧλ棬һӴַ嶼ӡ
̲Уʳȴԡ
һʱ䣬ַתͷѾ˼ƻ


1139 ÷ַʦ֣
ΰİ¶ķʦռݣңԶλ潵٣ŷʦǻۣԴ淨ɱ飬񡣴ӴˣΪƬ˷ʦǻ֪ʶλ˶ܵ˷ʦٹ⡭
ַһǣһξǶ԰¶ķ淨ʦ蹦̵¡
ȥĴ֮ǣַҲķһЩߡ¶ķλУʵԭġ
ͳƬ飬ԴӰ¶ķ֮󣬾ɱ飬ңû˿ģʦ֪ʶƬλ档
Щʦʵǿѹһλ棬鶼Ƕ֡ؿûб䣬ǽʦ֪ʶ˳ȥð¶ķλں̵ܶʱھ͵˴ķʦ
Щʦ׷Ű¶ķĽŲ뿪˰¶ķλ棬ȥսλ档
ʦһµ
ַ˼ЩֻƬУʵѾܹƲʦɷʽˡ֪ʶΪģϵ׷Ÿ֪ʶһһȻ󴫲֪ʶ
ûκһλᷴԷʦΪǸλ汾Ѿʦ֪ʶͬ˷ʦһ֡
ַ룬ʦײֻΣ
ˣַĲҴ⣬ʦͬε磬һʳʦĳǧλĻǾͱŪʦľΡ
ֻǣֶأַ޷Ӵʦ֪ʶ
ֻտУдڷʦ֪ʶԼķʦַͼƻţֶǣǰ
ڴ֮ǰַѾϤĿǰ¶ķλķ򡣶ַûκѹƣַΪַΪܹͨ硣
ûѹƣҲ˳ʩչ
ֲͨܿȫԸ¶ķλ棬˲䱻Ļճɻҽ
Ȼʵûκ⣬ַ׼ֶǡ
÷ַʦȾȸװɡ
Ȼַ⴫Сߵ
ţС㣬ʲô£
ַ˷ţСһСɷף棬۾ͨ죬Եú㲡
÷ַʦǺڷܵڣȥѲӣ˺ڷȺʵǿ׵ĶѾסˣΣڵϦ÷ַʦȾȸס

ַûԥ˵ͷֶʵôǿȻᱻһȺסС㲻õģȥѰֶһò¡
˵ֱַ꣬Ӿͼݷ뿪˳Ǳ
ַٶȼ죬ƬأȻڵκζѰֶͲѴ֮
ҵˣ
ַӰһܿͿǰһȺԼֶӡ
ֶһֻֻ࣬ˡȺ߰ˣֶҵͬѵأл֣Ȼֶܺսò¡
Ȼһһĵ
ֶûʲô̫ΣգɫѪӦöЩѪÿһ˿񱩵
ֻǣȴϵļ٣һȫûֶȻҲΣˡ
㣡
ַ

һԶϯַһָзɳһŻ棬Ѹٵĳ·ĵȥ
䣡
汬ըͷ·۾һ㣬ϵЩȼšǻ棬˵ˣǻ޶ֵס
Ƿʦضǿķʦ
ôзʦһǹǿĻϵʦ
ӣϽӡ
ַʩչϵʱЩûһ˿ĳźܣַֻĻӰһ㣬κҪܵĵɡ
ģһĶΪ˻ҽֶļսҲ⣬ֻһĻѸٵıܻճ˻ҽ
Ƭսһ̶ѻȸ˶𾪵ĿһĻȻŷʦǿӵǿķ
ʦʩչģȴ޼Ȼʮֵ𺳡
ֶսͼķʦʩչͬ𾪡սϣһλмʦʩչҲԶԶûַġϵ𺳡
ѵ÷ַʦǸ߼ʦǿ
ֶһݣ߼ʦǿտָķʦˣǿķʦ
ڸ߼ʦ֮ϣֶ
һʱ䣬ֶͷȣΣһҪСַߡ
û°ɣ
ַҲ
÷ַʦлȡ㲻ңǶʦ˵Ķ¡
ֶַӵĹˣڷ˳ǱֶʾŮַѧϰҪ
÷ַʦҴСΪһʦ÷ַʦҡ
ɫͨ죬ƺܽţִڴĿ⡣
ַ΢΢һҡҡͷ˵Ҫ򲮾У׼ǰˣԽ̵Сˡ
ȥҲԣǿķʦ÷ַʦģҲˣҸ÷ַʦҲܷġ編ʦʹǳΪʦ׷ҲС
׷ߣū൱
ܹΪһǿʦ׷ߣǹ嶼ʮԸ⡣
ˡðɣ׷߾ͲˣΪҵļӼɡ
ַ룬Ҳ޷
̫ˣݼ÷ֵʦ
ϲ⣬ܹΪһλʦĵӣСʱ룬ΪһλķʦѾָһˡ
ַҲûе飬ֶǺ󣬱ԼŵһЩŮǰ


1140 ɼƻ
º̵ַ
ڼַҲ˽¶ķλ棬ԴΪռ˲߳ϵ½ֻռɡ
ɣȴҲǳĹˣܱȵϻеһСͻ½
½ڶ࣬տֻڷǳƫƧҲǳСһд½ƽͻࡣ
ʱ䣬ַһЩ˽⡣ңҲ˽⵽ʵЩ淨ʦǣÿÿռһ֮󣬾Ϳʼָ硣
ʹħԪأǷʦĸ
ʦʩ淨ʦεȵȣַҲ뵽֮ڶ෨ʦ߲鿴ʦ伮֪
ַ幺һסֶȻֻǲشô꣬ҲһЩǮΪַࡰչˡǮƶ
Ȼһסǲʲô
ַѾȲҪ˽ʦϵˡ
һʦͼݣֻҪǮԽͼݷͼ飬ȡʦǻ֪ʶ
֪ʶʦǺֵ֧ģ֪ʶǹʦϵҲǹͼﶼҵ
ַ嵥һ˽ͼݣķһʲƵʽӵ˷ͼͼʸ񣬲ʱ䲻ֻСʱ
ͼڣַ巢һЩֵˣֶ˶ͬȻһȴ̺űֶǿϰٱǧ
ңûҪǣƺҲоֻǾַ̫ˡ
ЩǷʦ
ַһݣʵѾµЩ˵ݡ
Ŀַһֽ¶ķλʷһʷ鼮ַҪľ˽һЩʶ
һλķʦд飬治˰¶ķλʷһַĵķʦϵ
ԭʦϵ£Ϊʦѧͽʦмʦ߼ʦʦʥʦԼ淨ʦ
ÿһ׵ķʦʵֺܴ
ӷʦѧͽʼѧϰǺܵͼķǵͼҲԶԶʲôսʿܹġ
һλʦѧͽһλ߼սʿ
ÿһλʦҪľǾо츳ܹΪʦΪʦҪڹһķģͣһһӣһֱʦڷģͼֱ಻ʤͶ㶼ͷ
ʦѾˡ
ʥʦѾħˣΪʥʼλıʣʼӴλ淨λ淨
ȥλ棬ʥʦҲܷӳǿ
ʥʦ֮ϵĴ淨ʦǾ͸ǿˡȫλ淨λıʡԸλ棬һʺϷʦչ硣
ң淨ʦԴλݣū飬̤λ棬ӵԼԨ֪ʶ
ʦ֪ʶԴʦ֪ʶΪ١ഫ淨ʦ̤λ棬һЩҪԴ⣬ʵĻǽλ汾Դλ淨˽λУӶλס
֮⣬һЩʲôġַ֮࣬ҲȤ
ַѾʦϵ˽ĲˣԺпʼŸͷ
ʥʦ֮£ʵûʲôõĵģʥʦҲΪǡֻ淨ʦַ嶼ء
Ҫռݰ¶ķλ棬ǾͱȻ¶ķͻܻܰ¶ķʦע⣬ʵⲢǡһЩİλ棬ʦҲûµλ棬ͺöˣҲ봫淨ʦͻȻλ棬ٽʦµλ涼ɣ
ַԺһ󵨵ͷһǧѷĻᡣһѷڻ磬ȴƫƫλ棬һƵ硣
׼ڣֻҪСһЩҲһܷ֡
ڴ֮ǰַչʵܹӴλ棿
ַҲҪģⷨģ͡ʵ̫ˣ̫ķʱˡңʥʹ棬ʦǱƴҲһķˣǶλķ
ڷַȴϤˡ
ԡαװɻϵһǴŻ汾ԴĻϵԿԵɴ淨
ֻҪ˴淨ʦݣҪӴλ棬Ӧ׾١
ȻˣǾͿʼɡ
ַûԥ뿪ͼݺ󣬷ס
С㻹˸߲ңҲǾĵġַ̡壬ûм£һ㷨ʦ֪ʶûдڣСҲûа㲻
ַⷴЩ̾Ϣûʱ̵Ҳ޷̵Ͳħ
˴淨ʦݣҪҸʦ̵ʵ̫ˡ
ʼɣ¶ķλʱûд淨ʦȴʥʦţһλʥʦܹӦλ淨򲨶ġ
ַ۾ͬʱľʼ䣬ס¶ķλ档


1141 λ潵ٰ¶ķλ棿
ʦܲλڴ½ʢ
ʦǰ¶ķλ棬һʦۺԴ֯ţɰ¶ķ淨ʦĵ齨Ե᳤ܻ
᳤ܻ淨ʦһֱǱĿޣǰʥʦˣһֱоλ淨
ȴʼûܿҪһ޷Ϊ淨ʦȻҲ޷׷浹ǰ¶ķʦĽŲȥսλ档
ˣ
ʱ淨ʦȴоһ͵۾
ţɾǿƺ棡ǹϤĲ棬¶ķλֵһλ棿Ǵλ
ܳԾһλ淨ʦڰ¶ķλ棬ɲʲôС¡һͻᵼλ淨ʦĴս
λ浱УʦԵ൱ġŽᡱôŽᡱôûֻһûд淨ʦΪλ
ֻʵԶ˳ˣ淨ʦǿ̤λ棬ͲΪλս
¶ķλ棬ǰ¶ķʦ淨ʦտģʲô⣬¶ķʦһܲ
淨ʦһʱ鿴ԴԼǶ
ǰ¶ķλ浮Ĵ棬ǴλĴ淨ʦĴڣȥݼ
淨ʦ漴һֱ˺˿ռ䣬˿ռ֮ͨС

տУַľƺƵλ档
ʱʮǿķʦַľӦöʥʦҲֻпʼλ汾ʵʥʦַܹľ
ʮλʥʦһλ棬Ǻܲˡ
ַҲ֪һλУʥʦмλʮλǶǱȽϺõλˡ
¶ķλˣʮλʥʦ
ͬʱַлһŻ棬ַͼںϰ¶ķλĻ汾Դ
ʵ൱ڴˣ٣ЩʥʦǿģַҪӪľһλ淨ʦ
ˣ
Уһ˿˿Ŀռӿռͨ߳һλѩ׺ߣķʦۣϵϢɲ⡣
һλʥʦ
ַһ۾Ϳ˳һλʥʦҲǰ¶ķλϣǿһλʥʦˡ
뷢԰׵ϷʦǶʥʦַһ̣ȴ΢΢һ㶣漴ݼ淨ʦ֪淨ʦӺζ¶ķλк£
Ǻˣ
ַ嵭ʵ
ǰ¶ķ淨ʦӣλ淨ʦ᳤档
ԭǷʦ᳤淨ʦԳƺ÷ַʦֻ˰¶ķλ棬ղ̽ûд淨ʦˣû뵽淨ʦ
澪÷ַʦ¶ķλ棬ҵȵҡ¶ķʦѾȥսλ棬޷ϻλӭ÷ַʦˡ
޷ҸոյҲ˽ʵұռһλ棬ð¶ķλҲ൱ֻϧѾˡ
ַĻ淨ʦһǰλ÷ַʦȻҪռݰ¶ķλ棬Ķˣ¶ķλʮλʥʦкã϶ֹһλ淨ʦ
ǣ淨ʦæ˵𾴵÷ַʦλ֮սǵľλǧ򣬶ûбҵȷʦռݣ÷ַʦǰЩλ棬ʦǻ֪ʶЩλ浱С
淨ʦһλ֮ս¶ķʦ϶Ӧʱ˵λ涼ᱻ׷״ƣòʧ
ޣû˭ȥռһλ淨ʦѾռ˵λ档
λ棿ֻϧλ࣬Ҳ֪λ꣬ΰ
֪λꣿ
淨ʦú֣תһ룬÷ַʦǷʦһˣڳõĺƽ֮Уûгλĵһߡ
¶ķλ棬ʵλ棬û̫Զľ롣
ΰ÷ַʦƬǳ֮Ϊ֮ڿ֮У໹δռݵλ棬λ飬ʵǳǿ󣬵һλͨ淨ʦ޷Ըˣ淨ʦѾ֣׼һһĹռЩλ档ΰ÷ַʦҪĻҿԽ֮ľλ꣬͸÷ַʦ
ʵַﶮʲô֮򣬾õλҲ֪ǰ
һת漴˵¶ķλ棬ˣƬ򲢲˽⡣
÷ַʦҪһλ򵼣Ҫ¶ķλ棬޷ͬ÷ַʦʦỹһЩʥʦǿԳ䵱÷ַʦ򵼡
淨ʦھֻ뾡콫ַ򷢡ˣϾַڰ¶ķλһӣô¶ķλͶһӵΣա
ã淨ʦˡ
ַ΢΢һЦﵽĿģֻҪܹǰλ棬ʱ򣬵ռЩλ滹ɣˡ


1142 λ棡
ַջǾ뿪뿪ǰַҲ淨ʦӦһ£ǾǹС㡣
ַӦҪСĵʦ̵֪ʶҪΪһλķʦַȴҪ뿪¶ķλ棬Ȼܴ
ַҲʳԣ淨ʦһЩ취̵
Դˣ淨ʦȻȻӦһӡô˵Ҳ÷ַʦôһλ淨ʦļӣݲ
ǣַ彫淨ʦסʱһɻ
ʦ
λǷʦ淨ʦ
Ҳ淨ʦ֪ʦᣬǷʦеһȻ֯淨ʦȻû˵
Ҫ뿪¶ķλˡ
ֱַ˵˵
ʲô
ˣ÷ַʦҪ뿪¶ķλ棬ô£һֱڰ¶ķλ˵¡
ǿķʦҲ˵뿪뿪¶ķλġ
ַ岻޵ķʸ
ģ淨ʦ̵Ϊһ߹ķʦ
ַȻ֪Ը֪ҪΪһķʦôԸ
ҲһƵģЦ˵ĵʦһλ淨ʦ뿪¶ķλ棬ȥλսʦǻ֪ʶӦøˣӦף÷ַʦ͸ѧϰɣһΪһΰʦ
淨ʦҵĵʦ÷ַʦһλ淨ʦȥսλ棿
ȻûнӴʦ淨ʦţȴǴͨ˶֪淨ʦζʲô
Ͼ¶ķλ֮λΰİ¶ķʦһλ淨ʦܹū飬սλΰڡ
ζû뵽ԭĵʦȻôΰĴڡ
ͺúø淨ʦߣѧϰ֪ʶ
ַҲ
ãСڻعҧ촽ʦ᲻ذ¶ķλ棿
ַһᣬᣬֻҪѧϰʦ֪ʶôһգǻټ档
ǣʦһŬѧϰ֪ʶ
Сصĵ˵ͷַҲο漴Ҳͳ׷ġ
ַʦ߰ɡ
ַһŮʥʦ˵Ҳ淨ʦַƼһλʦʥʦַ򵼡
ַʦ˵ͷǱַһ𣬳λȥ
ַ˿ַʦΪʥʦҲһЩλ淨ԲЩˣٶҲܿ졣
ܿο٣ַȴʼնܸϡ
ಣ
ַӴλĤͺһıĤһֶַ˳ǿλ淨򣬶ֱַӡǿС忪λ污Ĥ
Ǵ淨ʦ÷ַʦѾ˿֮λȣͨЩȣǿԽ뿨֮κλ档
ϸſ֮򣬵ַȴ̽ܵһСλȣȻ棬һһλ档
ÿλ涼ʺϷʦ죬Ҳÿλ涼мֵֻЩλ棬ֵô淨ʦȥ
÷ַʦѡĸλ棿
ֺʵ󲿷ֶλ棬淨ʦûü
ַЦ˵ҪЩλɲ򵥣ţЩλл顣
ԣЩǿð¶ķʦͷۡ¶ķʦȥλ棬Ĵ淨ʦ
ʵԸ档
ַʦ벻ȥһ£
ָϽҡҡͷλȵΣգǽλ棬ʥʦɲ޷ڶʱڽλķǾ鷳ˡûʲôĻ÷ַʦҾ׼ذ¶ķλˡ
ַ˵ͷûʲôˣһλ棬úܳʱ䣬Ϳַʦˡ
ף÷ַʦλ棬ʦǻ֪ʶλ浱С
˵ַ꣬ʦ뿪ˣ·˰¶ķλ档
뿪ַ͵תϵЦȴôҲβסĿг˷֮顣Щλ棬ʵǵûеλ棬ַ˵ǿɶǡ֮
Ϊ˲ÿַַֹ֣λת˺ܴһȦԶ˰¶ķλ棬ȷû˸ſʼѡλ档
λкܶ࣬ÿһλ涼ɢһ˿ϢܴϢУжһλǷǿ
ʦɷʽλ棬һλһλһӴ硣ʵͻһǽṹͬԴԼ½硣
ôλ棬ַ˵ֱ֮
ȥλ飬жǿ
ַ徫һϢΪӴλ棬漴ӰֱӾû뵽λ֮С


1143 桰ɱ䡱
䣡
շ·˺ѣһӰ֮С
ûҵϢϢЩڱԴ
ַλ浱Уһλ档ﵽǻɽˮ죬ǻ١
һЩǿȴܶࡣ
ַͿһЩӻеǳǿᣬʹŻս
ǧٹֵﲻÿʱÿ̶սţλ涼Ҳλ涼û
һλչĻǻ
ûҪ뵮һǻ̫̫ѡ
ַ巢һЩǻֻǣǻۣȴūš̫̫һǿġ顱
顱ⷽءⷽصķ֮ӣϻŨҵˣһһӰλ档
ͷǿȴ޷ƿλ棬޷Ϊλ֮Щ淨ʦ׳Ϊλףűʵ
ԭһλ飬ʵǱλ˶λĳǿȴԶҲ޷λ֮ϣѹֻᱻ淨ʦūۡ
ַۿһλ飬顣ҲףΪλᱻ淨ʦܡ
ĳЩ淨ʦūЩ顣淨ʦǣǽλĸǴ֪ʶäκζҲǷʦǵĳݣǳݵ֪ʶǻۡ
ʦСΪǵԣ;վһһ߳λ棬ǧλ棬飬ԷʦǶԣҲֻоˡ
ˣǾòŹ˼ʲôˣɰɡ
ַҲԥò׽뵽ʦ磬ôһѵõ磬ַȻ˷ǧѷĻᡣ
潵٣
ַʩչ֮ʱ潵١
Ӵ棬ڷʦκˣ潵ʱλ涼ھҵĶţַȴоʦų⡣
˵ȷ޼ɵʩչ֮
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λеŭовַ棬ͬһŴһ˲ֶ¡
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ȻλСҲһ磬磡
Ҫǣַ廹Ծɣǲܵ£ȴûκ谭
ַѾľ飬ˣһΣһλ棬ַ˵Ϥޱȵɡ
ܿ죬֮ĸλ棬εĽλס֮ʼ뵽λ棬λֱɵ
һİӡǣַ֮С
ӦǷʦӡǣ
ַһ浱УѾлӡǡԨӡǡӡǡӡǣֶһʦӡǡ
Щӡǣͳͳ֮УʵΪҡ
պַɵӡǿ϶࣬һֱңʵҲʲô¡
ǣַһҲ˾
¡¡
ַɲǼ䣬ӿѣ涼ڲϵš
ͬʱַȻзֳ˲ͬĿռ䣬ͬ򣬾ͷ·ǻһ㣬ֲͬ滮Ϊͬ

ַһָռһɻϢڿռ֮УĴ½֣֡
ͷ·һСĻһлǰϵҲǻϵ

ַָһֳַһռ䣬ʱͳһƬɾ磬߰˷ơϵҲϵ
Ԩ
һɱ¾ɭ֣жħĳ֣ǸַԻеԨħһ˽⣬ٳ

ԨһЩһһٲ㣬ÿһ㶼ڰյ統С
Ԩ˵ӵĲпᣬõҲǵϵ
ʦ
󣬾Ƿʦˣַʦ˽⣬Ƿʦķ档
ַеķʦĿǰֻһλˣУַȴ÷ʦ
ϾʦֵĻַɺܶλ档Ǳ֮󣬼ֱ
ÿԼصӡǣڣַͽΪûַ׿ϣͲǿеķչ
ÿ󶼻ع鵽ֻؽУĥ䣬ֻתԽ뵽С
ڤڤУԺַƺо˵ʲô˵ƺ棬ڽĳ֡ɱ䡱
濪ʼһֵġɱ䡱


1144 
ַϸĸı仯Ժ˸໭档
Դʱַ棬ʱ棬ʵԡԴ桱Ϊģ壬ӶɹһеһУǺԴַ࣬ҲԴķ桰ɱ䡱
ַ֮뵽˻֮Уʶ˻ΰʱַֿʼˡɱ䡱ԴΪģ壬ԻΪģ塱ȻȻͳš硱ķɱš
ɱ䣬ȫǺܡȻķʽַ涼Ļ֮ǧħ񶼵ɱΪ
ڣַӴԨԼʦȻȻĲĳЩ仯ʵϣֱ仯Ѿ֮ǰַԻΪģˡ
Ͼǻ磬˿ַ浱УҲֻһˡ
Ҳ˵ַ治һɲ䣬һֱڱ仯ţַܲĵط
ܹһֱɳַУܹġɱ䡱
٣ַ棬⡱֮ߣѾԶˣƣԺַһᱻ绹Ҫǿ
ҲҪַǳģǳŬ桰ɱ䡱˲֮ܽߵġ⡱ʵǿи¥翡
һλ棬ԶԶ
ַ棬Ѿ֡ɹʦУֻһλ棬ģȲ硣
ʦǱܴڿ֮Уλʵ̫ˣһλ飬ҲǻΣ۷ַվ鹥ַҲ˿ˡ
Ҫǣһλ棬ַ岢ûиܵʦġʾַ˵õϢ
ǣַֽһЩλ浱Уʼ޼ɵɡ
һĸ
ַ淨ʦеλԽԽ࣬λɵġʦҲԽԽǿַҲӵǿ
磬ַȵġָоʵ̫ˡ
ַɵλԽԽ֮࣬λҲ١ڣַ彫ܵλһա
ţ
ַȻǰһλ棬λ棬һϤϢƺƺǷʦϢ
ಣ
λ淨ʦٹλ棿
һԴλлصţַ壬оһĿ⣬ңԶεס
淨ʦ
ַ忴ǰУһλɫ۵ߣվյУڷ·ǿַоһ˿ԴϢ
ʦӵбԴϢߣǾֻд淨ʦˡΪ淨ʦǣϵĽλ淨ȻȻʹһ˿ԴϢ
÷ַʦմӰ¶ķλ
ַ嵭˵Ȼûλ棬ôַȻҪЩ淨ʦռݵλ⡣
¶ķλ棿ǰ¶ķʦλ棬ѵ¶ķʦλУһλ淨ʦ
ϷʦƺܾȣҲ˵¶ķʦ
ɣʦѾλ棬һ塣
ַȥȻڵλ棬λɣʦϢ
ԭɣʦҸոճΪ淨ʦλ棬һЩ̫˽⣬֪ɣʦɷͽ̣
ַһ̡ģ
ɣʦ΢΢һЦҵȷʦԴǻ֪ʶΪ٣÷ַʦȻ֪λ֪ʶȻ֪޲𡣡
ʵλ棬Ҳ΢鷳һ㣬Щ飬ʵǱλ˶ͲʲôҵȷʦλķʵǽλıԴһ͸Ǿܳƿλ棬λĴԼӡ
淨ʦǽλ淨򣬽Խ࣬淨ʦҲԽǿңǳ淨ʦˣֻλ棬λ淨򻹲ࡣ
ܽһٸλ棬ǼܳΪ߼淨ʦˣΰڣͶ䣬λķֱǿ󡣡
ߣнһǧλ棬ţǽһǧλķʦǼλıʣ׷ʦУ̽Ѱ֪ʶأķʦΪ巨ʦŷʦİ壡
ַǰһɣʦľ֮߳磬ϸַ˴淨ʦǵ֮·ȻʵǷʦġʶַ˵ȴǵһţش
淨ʦ߼淨ʦڰ巨ʦַԷʦĶ淨ʦǵһȽֱ۵֪
巨ʦǲǾʥ׼ڣ
ַ岻֪
ڷʦУжΪ巨ʦ
ַ̲סʵ
λ巨ʦ
ɣʦЦˣ漴ҡҡͷ÷ַʦ巨ʦзʦյĿꡣ·ʦչ˽̶ֳȣǧλ棬ȴûеһλ巨ʦ
ûа巨ʦ
ַ΢΢һ漴ȴǿϲȻûа巨ʦ巨ʦ׼ڵĻôʦ磬ûκһλס
ַ˵ֱǧѷĻᣡ
ʦ磬ʦ磬һҪɽ浱Уʱоһ֮ʦ
ַޱȵĻȡ


1145 ʼ뿪
ʦ֮Ƿǳŵģɣʦϣַܹ£ͬ̽һЩ֪ʶַɾܾˡ
Ͼһλķʦֻαװ
뿪ɣʦλַ֮忪ʼı
淨ʦǣһֻλ淨򣬶ҽλ淨Խ࣬ǾԽǿпܳΪ巨ʦ൱ڻʥ׼ڡ
ڣַʱ̫ˣʦоȻûеһλ巨ʦĿǰʦ巨ʦǳ¡
ʦǷչٶȼ죬һʼһССλ棬ʼ̤λ棬ֻʱ䡣̤λ濪ʼڣʱ䡣
ԣλҲҪʱģڵķʦһڵڲȡʱڡ
ҲǶַ˵ԡˮ㡱ʱڡ
ҵʵȫԿʦЩǡλ棬ȥôλ棿ңһɵ̫࣬һλպĴ淨ʦһλ涼ûУȻᱻ˻ɡ
ˣҪһЩαװԼαװһλҰĲڲͬĴ淨ʦһֻӶλ棬ռλ棬ǿԼķʦ
ַ岻ϵƻԼΪһҰĲĴ淨ʦռһһλ档
ǹЩ淨ʦռݵλ棬ҲֻǷʦڲһЩᵼʦһµжԡ
ȻҰķʦ٣ҲûС
Ѱλ棬ʵ̫ˣαװΪһλҰĲĴ淨ʦǵλ档ռһλ棬ٳɶ࣬˭Ҳᷢ֡ķ֣ҵʵѾԿʦǶԿ巨ʦҲǲܡ
ַһһ㽫ƻơûа巨ʦҲ׼ڣôͲַܹ岻ϡɡӶᡱλʵ
͸ַ彫ʦ綼ɽĻᡣ
Ҫ֪ʦ磬ǿǱȻѷһ磬һɣַʵǿʲôزַԼ
Ϊüƻ˳ַֻһʱ䣬ҵλ档һΣַûλ棬ǽλϵɱô淨ʦİ취ռסλ档
Ǳ׼Ĵ淨ʦķ
λ棬Ҳͳͳˡ÷λ桱
λ棬ַݵġαװӦûܿóˣжʱ
ˣԿ֮Ϊɣʳʦ磡
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡ

¶ɭλ棬ΰİ¶ɭ淨ʦٰ¶ɭλ棬ʦǻ֪ʶѾǧʱ䡣
¶ɭʦѾоŸλˣ¶ɭʦȴٳûȥˡΪ¶ɭʦŸλķûг׽
淨ʦҲʵߵͣԸߵ͵ġ
Щ淨ʦ¡ʱ䣬ܽһλķ򣬶Ϥλ汾ԴءЩ淨ʦҪʮꡢпܽһλķ
¶ɭʦһλԲ̫ߵķʦ̬ܺãҶ֪ʶβˣ¶ɭʦܹһһһλ츳ôõĳʦɳز
֪֪ʶһҪϽԼһҪ֪ûɾŸλȫɭʦҲ׼ȥλˡ
¡¡
ȻһɿµľɨŸλ棬ͷ·һλ齵һ㣬ȴԶȻǿöࡣ
λ淨ʦ֮λ棿
¶ɭʦŭӣǿнλ棬ȫһΪѾܵĽԼӡ̽λ浱ˣֻҪǴ淨ʦͶܹ֣Բʲôᡣ
¶ɭʦŭλʱһλİĴ淨ʦ
ᣬ÷ַʦŸλ棬Ϊ֮λ棬ὫŸλλ淨ѡ񳼷뿪
ٵ¶ɭλȻַ壬Ѿʼж漴ѡһλ淨ʦҲλ¶ɭʦôǿֻŸλ棬һûнλɹ
¶ɭʦܷŭŭ˵÷ַʦ֪ʶǿԹģʦȴݼ̤Ҫλ淨򣬿һǿд֮λ棬֮ˣԴˣҲ
ַԣ΢΢һ飬Щˡ
ЩʦʲôãǱ˴֮䡰̫һЩѾ˰¶ɭλ棬¶ɭʦȴԸ⡰λ棬һͬλ淨һͬʦ֪ʶ
ɲϾ淨ʦλʱλ飬߸ڷ飬ǿ˿
ʦ˫֣Ҳ֪մȾ˶Ѫ
Դ淨ʦʱȴԵúܴ󷽣Ҳѹô꣬ʦлûбΪλķս
ַĿĿɲΪ˽λ棬ҲԷʦķʽλ棬ΪһҰĲ
ˣڰ¶ɭʦַֻǿˣ
Ҳ뿪Ǿսɣ
ַУû˿ĸ飬Ȼս


1146 ÷ַʦҰģ
Ǿȥλսλ档
¶ɭʦĿ䣬Ѿƣû뵽ǰλİĴ淨ʦǲԸưոݡ
ˣ¶ɭʦҲ׼ЭˣʦĳɳУȻһֱ׷֪ʶΪҲս
ÿһλ淨ʦս鼫ḻǿߣҲηκս
ಣ
Ѹٵ뿪λ棬λȡյģǴ淨ʦսҲᲨλ档
ôĶҲΧһĿ⡣Ͼ֮λ滹ǱȽϼУ¶ɭλ渽淨ʦռݵλ档
ô£ǰ¶ɭʦɡ
ԣ¶ɭʦҪλһλʦս
սʦ֮ȫԻཻ֪̽ʶһ׷Ѱ֪ʶУΪҪս
λİʦ֪ǽ÷ַʦǰûҽ
÷ַʦĿǰռλ棬ѵǾλ治λ棬ս
ഫ淨ʦ֮䲻ϵĽѾ˽߰˰ˡ
ǶַȻǲͬһλ淨ʦ̶̵ʱڣҪôλʲô޷ȫ簲ĵ׷Ѱ֪ʶ֪̽ʶС
ַ¶ɭʦȻо˸淨ʦĿ⣬Ҳ֪ഫ淨ʦڹעš
ַ¶ɭķӦȴͬ¶ɭʦַֻ壬סΪʦϣַȴǸǧѷĻᣬԽ˽ҰĲøġ
ǣַȶˡ
λ֮𣡡
ַһָλȶ·ܵĻ棬·ܹһУһжճɻҽ
ʵַֻǸ˸֣俴ǷʦǵķʵϣʵǷΪǻıʣ淨ʦҲоλ淨ıʡ
;ͬ飬˴淨ʦľ磬ѾǵĪԪͷŷˣλ淨λ汾Դ
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¶ɭʦд󾪣Ļ棬ڵĸλ淨ʼת
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һˮƾճ֣ǰ¶ɭʦʩչķλ淨ʩչķַҲǵһμʶ淨ʦʩչķ
ƾʵѾ۷ˡ淨ʦַлҪ΢ǿһ㡣
ȴַĻ档
ͨɱʥ޵Ŀֲַֻʩչһ㣬ѹסôѹƣҲ۷Ҫǿһ㣬ﵽ˻޵
ͣ
ʵĲ࣬չֳĻˮ͵Ľ˻֮Уȴûܽ潽𣬷ȼյø͡
ԾУ
÷ַʦλ淨ĽԶԶҪ̣ҲǿŸλ潫սƷѡ뿪
¶ɭʦɫѿȴûƴˣΪ֪ƴҲûһ˿ʤ㡣ʦ׷֪ʶǷǳǵģ򲻵ѣƴ
οֻһЩλˣǻѰҵλ档
ˣ
ַЩ㶣Žһһˣ¶ɭʦûʲôˡ¶ɭʦȷˣֱӾ뿪λȣûκԥ
ڷʦ磬Ǵ淨ʦһǲ˽Ⱑ
ַҡҡͷ¶ɭʦô׾䣬鷳
ܵഫ淨ʦĿӣַҲûᣬֱӽ˰¶ɭλ棬Ÿλ涼ͳͳ뵽ϵС
ĿǰַѾռʮһλ棬ȴû˿ɵĴ㣬Ϊʱʵбഫ淨ʦصעţһ˿߷紵ݶЩ淨ʦһ֪
ʱ򣬾Բ˵λˡ
ңַҲڰ¶ɭλ˴һ£ΪַϢʱǿнٵ˱ַʦλ浱С
ַʦռ߸λ棬ʵǺͰ¶ɭʦ־һ̫ҵսַʦҲһѡ뿪
ַµλ棬Ҳͱʮ˸
ַ岻ϵĳ֮Ĵ淨ʦǣҲַ֪ġҰġĿȻ֮
ַҰĲҪռ֮Ҫ֪֮ϰٸλ棬ʮλ淨ʦ
ַսʤĴ淨ʦԽԽ࣬ռݵλԽԽ֮࣬Ĵ淨ʦǣҲΣС
һҪ÷ַʦҰ֮֮򡣡
ԣ÷ַʦҰ̫ˣѾɱǣһֻ׷Ѱ֪ʶУ֪̽ʶıʡ
÷ַʦһ׷ഫ淨ʦѾ;Ǳ䳹𡣡
淨ʦ֪ʶԨҲǻۡȻַ֪ġ㡱׼ƣռ֮
ʣµĴ淨ʦǣַԸ
ˣʣµʮλ淨ʦѾԷҪһ֣;ҰĲġ÷ַʦ֮ÿ֮عڰ
Դˣַ岻ÿɷʮλ淨ʦϣַ˵ʲôңҲõЩ淨ʦϡ
ҲͲһһȥˣʡ࣬һռݿַ֮޼ɵġɡλˡ
ǣ˫ѾԼλһʤʤӵп֮򣬰뿪


1147 ֮
֮λУۼ˶ʮλ淨ʦ
ǿߣѾʮλ棬ߣҲͽһλ档
¶ķʦûУλ÷ַʦǲλеĴ淨ʦ
ȺУһλɫʦۣߣȻǰ¶ķʦ
˿̣¶ķʦüͷҡҡͷѾˣ÷ַʦȳڰ¶ķλ棬ƺ˰¶ķλ档ҵжϣ÷ַʦӦòǿ֮ķʦӦǴλ
λ
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ַҪռ֮򣬶ûʵֹҲ޿κΡ
ɣʦĺԥǿ˵÷ַʦӴ÷ַʦҲͦƣҲûǿռҵλ棬ôͻȻôҰĲ
ɣʦĻȻû˽Ӳ硣
÷ַʦҰĲѾǹ˵ģڡ÷֡ΪλôҰĲͲܹ֪ġ
ˣ
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ԶλУһӰȻǡ÷ַʦ
÷һһûκڶഫ淨ʦȴǳأơ
ַһ٣ٶĻ˴淨ʦȡλ棬ѾΪ֮֮ĵһ淨ʦ
Ȼͻһεơ
Щ淨ʦӰУַ廹һˣɣʦ
ɣʦַ̲ס˵÷ַʦιˣǻ֮佻֪ʶͬ̽Ѱ֪ʶİأǸ𣿡
ַ忴һɣʦɣʦһλͳķʦһϺˡַ嶼ɣʦһ֡
ʵϣഫ淨ʦɣʦһλʱնɱ飬һЩͨ⣬ʱ򣬶̽Ѱ֪ʶİءзʦһ׷׷
ʦռλȲչΣǸλĻҴʦ֪ʶûһġ
ʦؽ㣬ٱַκһ綼Ҫõö࣬ڴ֪ʶ棬ʦһ㶼ġ
֮⣬ȵȣʵе֪ʶǺ޵ģĳ¢ϣҪ÷ǳס
ʦ֪ͬʶǹģԷġֻҪܹгΪʦ츳ǻǲʲô谭
ҲΪʲôʦڲʱ̤λ棬ǧλ棬һǿʢķʦ
ԭ
ַȴһλķʦĿҲʲô׷Ѱ֪ʶСĿֻһǾλ棬ʦ綼ɣǿ
ǸɣʦҵĿģǣܹ뿪֮򡣡
ַ嵭Ӧ
ˣעһս÷ַʦѡԿ֮ǿɲӦ
ӦǾֻһʤˡ
ַҲЩʦƢԣֻҪܹǣôǾͻ뿪֮򣬶˵ٷؿ֮ҡ
֣
ʮλ淨ʦ˿̻ʮϰٸλ淨˿̾ȻĳΪһ壬Ϊһֲķ
һƬ籩Ƭ籩·ַʮϰٸλĸо
һѾﵽ˸߼淨ʦĵزһֻнһٸλķʦܳΪ߼淨ʦ
е˼ԶԶ
ַҡҡͷȻһѾԼ۷ޣǻ޵ˣַʥ

ַһӣĻ棬λȣλȶһƬ𺣡ƣֻҪЩ淨ʦķ籩޷ַϨôκβַ塣
ͨʥ޶ɱοǿﵽķ
䣡
ʢӿȼЩ淨ʦǶһ𣬸оϢƺЩգͻᱻճɻҽһ
ʦǵĸоЩ棬
߼淨ʦ÷ַʦһһλ˳һٸλĸ߼淨ʦ
ÿֲĻ淨һƺо˻ıʣЩ棬ϡ̺һ˿汾ʣ
Ȼܽ汾ʣ÷ַʦԻ֪ʶ⣬ѾԶԶĳǡ
ˣѾˡ
ഫ淨ʦǶʧǣַĿȴЩ仯ˡ
ƺַУ̺һ˿汾ʡǱضǶԻо˼ĵزſֻܳıʡ
ַЩ淨ʦǵУѾһλҰĲĴ淨ʦһλ֪ʶԨǻ۾˵ĸ߼淨ʦˡ
𾴵÷ַʦķ֮ߣѾԽǡѭЭ飬Ӵ뿪֮򣬲̤Ƭ򡣡
˵꣬ʣµʮλ淨ʦͶһһ뿪˿֮
Դˣ֮ϰٸλ棬ͶͳͳΪַ֮ַѾʵĿ֮
һλǿҰĲĸ߼淨ʦ
ſ֮ڶഫ淨ʦ뿪ϢҲ֮÷ַʦ֮ҲڷʦռҪһϯ
ڿ֮ΧЩ淨ʦλ棬ȴЩġ
ҰĲ÷ַʦ᲻ѡţ


1148 ֮ʼӶ֮·
ַ֮ѾʵĿ֮Ϊ˿ַ֮ͣһӣҪʤʵˡ
ϾĿǰַֻ֮ôһλ淨ʦҲҪı˿ӡַ廹ⷢһͨ档
֮򣬲κηʦ룬ͨҵõ
ȻȻ󲨣ַ岢⡣
һʱ䣬ͳ֮λ档Уλ棬һʮ
ûλͶˣٶ
Ȼûλ棬һЩߵλ棬ҲһЩǱַҲͲֱӽٶûλ棬ͳͳɽ浱С
߾һٶλ棬֮ءַ徫ѡһٸλ棬ȫɣֻ˶ʮλ棬װһ棬ӡ
Ͼһзʦ˿֮򣬿ʮλ棬Ҳɡ
ַ˿֮󲿷ֵλ֮󣬶ʱҲʼ췭ظı仯
¡¡
桰ʦڵһλ治ϵĽ٣ϵƬ򡣼Щλ棬ʵҲֻǡ𶯡һ£ͻָƽ
ʥʦ뿪λ棬뵽λȣҲᷢΧλ棬ͷʦûʲô
ĵطѾַˣҲԼ棬˷ֱ治
ϾЩλ涼ġ
ǿ
ַԼ̾һٶλ棬Լٶûλ棬һɽ浱У涼ھҵĶš
֮һֳɳʮգеÿһƬռ֮С
УʦѾԽΪ˵֮ĵһٹһʱ䣬ʦеķʦδᵮһλ淨ʦ
ǿǴ淨ʦ൱ڻǿĴ淨ʦ൱
ʱ㹻ʦԡĴ
ַûʲôƽ⡱˵ȫûбҪ½ʦ綼ɣʦһ֦㣬Ҳֻкôûһ㻵
Ϊÿռһռ䣬治ϵôƬҲ᲻ϵȫûʲô
ңΪɷʦλ棬ַֻؽ磬ҲϵţҲԽԽķʦȻֻؽĨȥӡǣӶתֻء
治͵Լʦٸλ棬ַԺкȻһͷ
ʦ綼ɣгһգʦ᲻ᵮ־
־ǡ׼֮ϣʥ𣬶ֻǡĻ־Ļˡ
ڷʦһƬңַɣû־ֹǻûе־
־ֻʲô仯᲻ͻ
Ͼһ磬־ǲ繲ġ
е־᲻ǱĬ£ܵӰ죿Ͼÿпɱһ硣
棬൱Щ֮ϡ
ַҲԺ澿ʲôı仯Ҳ֪ʦǲ־ָΡ
棬ֻܿԼС
һٸλ棬Լٶûλ棬ʵ޼ЩûλԷʦ˵ûκãҵ˵ȴҪ
ַϸλı仯ڽڵﵽʲô̶ȣַԼҲ϶ԶԶȽ뷨ʦ֮ǰҪǿöˡ
⻹ԶԶ
֮򣬽ֻǿʼ
ַĿ⣬Ѿ˿֮һ뿨֮࣬λԼûλ棬ٶӽİٸ
Ǿ̩ϣ֮

ಣ
ңԶ̩ϣ֮λУȻһ֮͡
̩ϣ֮ˣͿ̫֮һѾûλˣ淨ʦҲҪȿ֮ö࡭
ַһ׷ۣѾһ׼ķʦװ硣
ֻ̩ϣ֮򣬾׼̩ϣ֮׼̩ϣ֮Ҳ£뿨֮򳹵һƬ
һɹڸǿ֮Ŀǰַ˴󲿷λ࣬ʵʵڵַкܴĺô
ңַҲ̩ϣ֮ܡɡµһƬˡһ̩ϣ֮ôʦ綼һȻ󲨡
ʱλҰĲ÷ַʦضܵʦĹעܲܳԼĿģַҲұ֤
ˣַҪģǿ죬쵽ʦ綼ӦʱַپܵĶռһЩλ档
ûһЩʱпܶԿʦЩǿĴ淨ʦǰ巨ʦϾڷʦûе巨ʦһַݱ¶ǿɾͲһˡ
ַȫ׼
õ磬õλ棬ֻϧЩʦ̫ЩλˣˣǾͳͳɰɣ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ֪Ӷ֮·Ҫ翪ʼˣһ̤·޷ٻͷˡ
ַ˿һ
䣡
û˿ף潵٣


1149 а
ƺƵ潵٣ʱƬ̩ϣ֮գ·һӶ
ʲô
ãλ涯λ档
ÿֲѹǸ߼淨ʦķҲûǿɡ
Ҫλ涼ѹ촷۵
ˣҿˣ÷ַʦ֮λҰĲĴ淨ʦ̩ϣ֮ˣ
ഫ淨ʦ׷ʩչͼ赲סַ潵١ַ棬ǰٱǧ
ǻʥҲ޷赲ַʥ𣬶һܹ赲οʮλ淨ʦ
ַ崿ѹֱӽ֮󣬾ͬһֻһ˲䵹Ƭ̩ϣ֮С
ʲô淨ʲôԴͳͳûκô
䣡
ڣ泹׵Ľˣ̩ϣ֮򳹵׵ɡд淨ʦٴУоϢ
ֻǡڡһ£ָֻƽ
ǿλ棬һַǳϤĸо
ǰ¶ķλ档
ɣλ档
ѵǿ֮򣿡
ţ⵽ô£
淨ʦǣһûλҲֻǶһ£ͻָƽͺǱ塰Ųơһռ䡣
ʵϵȷˣ̩ϣ֮򣬾ǱŲƽ浱Сַķʦ뷨ʦһģһ
ΨһĲͬϣκδ淨ʦܹܵǸ߸ϣһ
Ҳֻд淨ʦܹܵͼͻƣ޷ͻơ
ˣ
ַǿСɡһ̩ϣ֮ʵ֤ǿеġȻַ֡ɡоЩǵַԸЩħ
кܴĲͬ
Щ淨ʦЩ淨ʦǣܹ˽⵽Ѿһȫͬ硣
֪ࡱ
ַҲûнɱħĲַͬ塰ɡλǴԼУͬܽλ棬ϱǿ
ȵ٣淨ʦŻֻؽ磬ĨȥʦһкۼΪһ֡
ַɻѭšȻķʽֻأǿɱǿֻأħűʵ
ַľ磬ʵʧֻܹأַУǳʧȥһӡǣֻصĻᶼûУǲ
ַ棬ڶ̩ϣ֮൱ڶٶλ棬Ȼּţÿʱÿ̶ڲϵţٶ֮죬ֱ˷˼
ɱȽλöˡ
ַȴû˿֪ͣһٶһ˷ʦע⣬ˣŻʱ䣬ٶȣͼһЩλ档
̩ϣ֮Ļλ棬ַһͷ̰ԡĹһ㣬ֱ޼ɣ֮潵٣˲͡ɡһһλ档
ʦ˶ݵġʧ״̬Сʲôʱ򣬷ʦֳصĴ
һֱһʦǶʤߣ̤ǧλ棬ū飬ǻ֪ʶ߸ϣ顣
ڣƺһжתˣʦĸԵĴ
һһλ棬ġʧ÷ʦ׵ľ

λ棬ǷʦأǷʦҡΰķʦλеһһչַٵĳ̶ȡ
λȴ
λʦѾλ÷ַʦͲʲô淨ʦһֹȻͬϢпλ֮
һλ߼淨ʦ˵ʱഫ淨ʦǶ۷׷ף¶һ˿ݡ
ʦǶλ򣬲һ֪֪λ棬λ棬ʵһ壬һ硣
ЩλӦþľͷ෨ʦɣλ֮УǲҲһЩǿ
ڳһ÷ַʦƺ֤ʵλ֮ڣġ
Ǹ÷ַʦڲϵλ档ǵʧλ治ٳ֣൱ڣǵλڲϵļ٣λ÷ַʦƺڲϵǿÿһʱ䣬Ƕʧλ档
ʵ֤Щ߼淨ʦҲԶԶλ÷ַʦĶ֡Էһַǳǿķ˲ɵһУ߼淨ʦǲٶķʦȥûáҪǳԽ߼淨ʦֻд˵еİ巨ʦſȷʦ
뷨ʦֻսףˣ飬ʦӦóŽᣬ׷ſλ棬λ֪ʶÿһλ淨ʦܷλ淨ıʡȡһλ巨ʦ
£д淨ʦǶû˿ԥ
ͬ⡣
ͬ⣬֪ʶӦ÷
ʦ֮ʣ֪ʶ͸Ӧ÷ͬ⣡
ֻа巨ʦȷʦͬзʦ֪ʶٳһλ巨ʦĵ
һʱ䣬ʦ׵ŽһġͬԿа÷ַʦ


1150 巨ʦ
̩֮ϣ֮â֮
̶̵ʱڣַıֿƷ񣬼ԡ̡֮ƣֱ˽һǧλ档Ҫ֪շʦжڴ淨ʦʵĻ֡
һٸλ棬Ǹ߼淨ʦǽһǧλ棬ǾǴ˵еİ巨ʦ
ַȴһǧλ棬ȻǽȴȽλӵĳסΪλǸλһУͶַˣһ֡
ˣַ岻ǰ巨ʦȴţ巨ʦǿȻ巨ʦҲƵģڷʦ磬巨ʦַ²ʵ׼ڣʥһǾԴԴϵĵŷʦ
ʱַɾ͵ýԴˡ
ҲַΪʲôҪôȣϵľһλ棬޲ܽʦλ涼һա
Ϊһλ棬ôպʦ絮׼ڣǶԷҲһλַȻǰ޺
ʱ䣬ַһһλ棬ʦȴƺûʲôĶûκһλ淨ʦַܿ塣
ַҲλĹУõһϢʦ߼淨ʦٿ˴ᣬѾشľ
ĳ׷зʦ֪ʶλ淨
ַϢҲܾ̾ʦŵػκҪ
ûһλԵġ䡱ʱʦȻܹеûκ谭Ը֪ʶʦѧϰ֪ʶ
Ļ֮£巨ʦĵѾܲܵˣʱ⡣巨ʦᵮǷʦ֪ʶô巨ʦʱֻǰ
˵졢졢죬пܵһλ巨ʦ
ҵʱ䲻ˣһλ巨ʦǾ鷳ˣ
ַţԺתһһͷ
һ˰巨ʦ׼ڣܿ⣬ô׾һһλ棬¾ͱúˡ
ַʮλ棬ȫ浱УƺƵഫ淨ʦҲһͬɡ档
¡
Ȼ䣬ͺһ㣬ַ͵̧ͷա
ڸղţܵһɿµĲ·Ƿʦġһ
ѵ巨ʦˣ
ַһ뵽ֿܡ
һ巨ʦпܾ׼ڣ㷨ʦ׼ûȫλʦҲûԲ
һλʥĿ´ڣڷʦ統Уӵ޾ַ嶼ûаһܶԸ

ˣ
λУλ涼ھҵţһλ淨ʦҲĿǰǿĴ淨ʦʥԷʦ͵۾
̧ͷգһ̣δо˵ġ·֮ϵܣϤˡ
ԭʦҲޱ޼ʰ
ʥԷʦţƺ
֮ǰǷʦǿĴ淨ʦѾ˳߰ٸλ棬ǵ֮ǿ淨ʦ
а÷ַʦв֮£߰ٸλƺҲʲôûаܹսʤ÷ַʦ
ˣڶഫ淨ʦ˾е֪ʶλ淨ĽǧѷĻᣬʥԷʦץסˡ
ڶ̶̵ʱڽ˳һǧһٶλ淨
ǣˣһ״̬֮Уͺ׵뵽ʦ統Уλ棬飬ͬ䳲һ
ڡ䳲֮УȴһƬհףһλ涼ûУеֻһ뷨ʦĿֲ
÷ַʦаʥԷʦƺš塱÷ַʦĿȻǧλ涼һա
ڡϡʦĸ
ʥԷʦﵽһ
λഫ淨ʦҲȻܵ˸ղĲһĶ˶޴ʥԷʦ
ǶܼϾ巨ʦֻǷʦǵƲ⣬徿ʲôǰ巨ʦ˭
ʥԷʦṳ̂ǹؼһϵʦ˥
ʥԷʦһڶ෨ʦ˵ͷҵȷ̤һڣӦǰ巨ʦˡİ壬Ѿ׵ĶϤˡ
̫ˣǵһλ巨ʦ
巨ʦȻǵ·ǶԵģλ淨һܹ̤Ҫһ
ʥԷʦΰİ巨ʦаʲô
ܶ෨ʦ˷ܣʥԷʦĳɹζзʦ·ûߴѾһλﵽյ㡣
ʥԷʦȴûôֹۡ
ǸаĻҪǿ󡣵ΣаӦñƬ磬Ƿʦ磡
˵꣬ʥԷʦһĲȻգۼʧӰ٣һ˿򲨶ļûС
ǰ巨ʦʦϵĴڣڵˣ


1151 磿ҲУ
̣
ַ棬˲併٣Ѵ֮ʮλ涼ɡ֮Сֶĳ
ˣ
Ȼַ۾΢΢һУܵһĲǰƾֳһӰûκηĲͺַǰ档
巨ʦʣǰλˣǷʦոյİ巨ʦ
ʥԣ
ʥԷʦҲĿַ壬ǰλ÷ַʦֻΪ˰巨ʦ뵽˷ʦ֮󣬲ĸܵ÷ַʦǿ
ƺ÷ַʦڣǱһɾ춯صĿһ
ԭʥԷʦʦҲڵ׼ڡ
ַû̫ȣڿʥԷʦһ̺Ѿȷʦеİ巨ʦȷ׼ڡ
һǧλ淨򣬲Ǿ߱һǧλ˽⵽ķʣӶ뵽統УΪ
˿̵ʥԷʦܹʦλ׼ڵĿֲ֮
׼ڣ
ʥԷʦ΢΢һ㶣漴÷ַʦɷ
ַ壡
ַ嵭˵ڣһж̯ˣһеıƣһеıû塣Ϊʦ׼ڵˡ
ֻϵıƴһж塣
ַôһλպλ֮𣿡
ԣʥԷʦѾΪ׼ڣȻܹʦ粢޾ããλ򡣶̫ˣв֪ٸ뷨ʦͬǿ硣ңںеһ硣
ַûκΪЩ˵ԺʥԷʦҲһ֪
ʥԷʦַͺһδĵĺͶôǽŵˡ
˶˫𣬶֮ײ֮ײûл͵ء
÷ַʦһϰ߽÷ַʦɡ㲻λ棬ҿԼ̣ǿԳΪѣ֪ͬʶ̽޾ĺҲǲԡ÷ַʦΣ
ʥԷʦĻַЩȻ
ǿλ棬淨ʦ˷ʦĸϾڷʦУЩλЩ淨ʦǣɶʧˣûκټ൱ȥ
ʥԷʦȴԸַ塰ƽദⲻַЩʦؽҲʵЩ̫ˡ
ʵַҪʵڷʦҲɡκһǳ֮ѡ
ǸʥԷʦҵĵ뷨ʦĹгͻҲ֡
ֱַ˵˵ҲȥƭʥԷʦʱɻأȻȥɡַˡ
÷ַʦӦףڷʦ統УҾ޵еģ
ʥԷʦһ̣ɢֲϢЩʥĸоֳһλӰ
ɰǧλ棬ɢһƶǾ춯ء
ʦΪʦ绹׼ûйλûԲܷӳޣҲʥˡ
ʥԷʦţַڸܵһǱصĺֲܿϢҲΪڷʦ統УַԿ
ʥԷʦոճΪ׼ڣ»ûף粢ûԲҲ˵λ׼ڹλСĻʦֻܷӳһֵ
ַ΢Цƽ˵
½ֻһҿ޾λ÷ַʦжôǿ󡣡
ףһײˣΪҲ磡
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
ַһͦһ޴ӰӰһ֣ʥԷʦӴѹ
磬һ磿
ʥԷʦ۾·𲻸ƵģΪ׼ڣַ޼ɵĵܸ֮ܲһϢ
䣡
ڣ潵٣ֲ֮ϵʥԷʦλӰи棬ʦ綼ھҵš
ʥԷʦܵѹǳӴѹַУƺ˸ָһʥԷʦޱϤ
ʦ磬Ƿʦ
ֻϧȴΪַһ֣뷨ʦ罻棬಻ϵĴݻš
Ա𣿡
ʥԷʦ˿ƽĿַ塣
ԣԱˡ
ַҲҡҡͷ̾һֻһս
ûκεİ취Ҳ޷Э֮䣬ֻһսһսѾŷʦչ


1152 սףײ
ַɫأǵһζԿʥ𼶴ڣ·ʦ绹ԶԶûԲʥԷʦ޷ӳʦȫҲܷӳʮ֮һʮ֮һˡ
ˣҲǻʵĻʥ𼶴ڣףսӵ޾
ԶԶʲôԨܱ֮ġϾԨ֮ǵȻǶ׼ڣʧȥԨ֧֣ǵЩ׼ڣʵʵѾۿˣ㲻ס
ΨбһӴ磬սס
ˣʥԷʦף
䣡
ַ泹׽ˣַУ޾ֲҵĳ棬ȴȻ
ֻǣʥԷʦԽԽǿҲڳһ˿˿ֻһ˿˿ȴ˵ַˡ
ʥԷʦΪͺʥһ߸ϣƿһСַ֮ͽʥԷʦ
һλǿߣԾ鿴ʦ磬ͿԿʦƺ캣ˡλ涼ţ˳֮ꡣڷʦģȴԼһ㣬ͺӲĽʯһ㣬ƾʦλĳɿȻ
ַĸܵʥԷʦԽԽǿƺûмƵģַ嶼ֲظĸо
׼𣿡
ַ̧ͷޱʥԷʦˡ
׼ڣ൱ڻʥ𣬴˿̵ʥԷʦӳʥ޾ԴԴϵĳַ档
ƺҪַ泹˺飡ַƾʥԷʦ˺ѣ

ַһͺ浱һƬǻʱ޾Ļ֮뵽˿ռ֮С
֮룬Ҳ˻Ŀռ䡣嫵ǧħŭ
ǻмǧħ񣡱ϾǧħʵԻ緽ʽУĿǰѾˡ
ǻٸһչܹޡ
Żȫ뵽浱Уڻ˵ҲȻɾ޴ƻ
ڵַ壬Ѿ˲ˣۼе޷ʥԷʦ⡣
𡭡
ַ֮Ȼٶȱͬɽ緢һԼһ޴޺޺һɻϢ֮Уַ֮ţֱӳʥԷʦֶȥ
ꡱ
ʥԷʦͷ·һһ㣬˲
գۼ䣬ʥԷʦֳһ򡣳Ϊ׼ڣս׼ڱͲ𣬳ǲп
ʥԷʦַĿ⣬Ѿһ˿ˡ
ղţǵ˳ɰǧλԭΪѹַ壬ȴû뵽ûѹַ巴ˡ
ƺƵ֮ϯΧʮλСʥԷʦĸӦУʮλֳ׵ʧˡ
ţѾַ峹ɡ
ʥԷʦɫѿôȥַսսϵĲʳŷʦλ棬ֻԽսԽǿ
Ƿʦ磬ֻԽԽˣٶȣ̵ʱ䣬ַ塣
䣡
ʥԷʦһһǧλ桢ǧλ桢ǧλ桭
׼ڣڸںϽʦ֮У߾ܵĵλΪʦûԲ޷ȫλ棬ʮ֮һλ滹û̫ѡ
ʦжλ棿
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꣡
ַ棬ƺסǿе飬˺һѷ졣
ʱַ췭ظ˲䶯ѡһַ̣ԼܵвһôַҲͱɡ

ַ岻κεıˣ˲뵽浱У·һ޴ˣ֮У˫ֵ֣סӴλ֮ȴɽڽڰˣƺ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
Ԩ

ԨַҲԼޣգŭһʥԷʦǧλӰ
ʦ
ڣַǿķʦҲַˡһǧλ棬͵ĸֶ
ɲӰʵʵһǧλ۳һɡ
䣡
֮ټַ˺֮һַ̣Ѿûκαȫ
֮ײûκμɣеֻ


1153 磡
أ
һˡַ浱У򣬱棬
ڣЩ򶼷׷׵ıըˣΪ촷ۡ
һɺƺƵַ浱ŰǷʦʥԷʦ
ַԴ˸Ͼ˼ûκεҲһˣ֣֮ǿѹ촷ַۡ浱Уʵ
Ϊǻתֻأ
һַ̣浱еֻؽ磬ڲϵתţַ棬⵽ǰδеƻ׷䡢
ֻؽĴڣȴַʧΪֻͨؽٶתֻء
һѭʼ֮ѭ
ʦҲͬˣַʥԷʦ֮սһನɾ޴ƻһЩλ棬Ȼ޷⣬Щλ浱еҲͨ˷ʦֻؽ磬תֻȥˡ
ıƴΨһľ߻Ĺƻ߶ԷķͱԴַ壬ıԴڻ֮УÿÿʥԷʦǧλײ֮Уʵ֮ڵıԴǻһЩġ
ܺٺ٣ȴվģַ汾Դͻὥļֱʧû˱ԴӴ棬Ҳ᳹ױ
ַ汾ԴٶˣΪ̣Ȼͻἤʱӡǣֱ뿪ʦ硣
ַûΪûаܣսս
ʧһ汾ԴʲôԳʦ磬ַҲȷġ
ڵзʦ߾ܣͳͳɵֻؽĥӡǣתΪΪ
ַ汾Դڼ٣Ҳӣһһɷʦ硣Ƿʦ磬ȴÿʱÿ̶ʧ
˳֮£ģַҲ塣
һ졢졢졭
תۼ䣬ʮʱȥˣɿֲڽ棬ʦ綼ˣĴ淨ʦǶڹۿһս
ʥԷʦλ巨ʦǿô淨ʦǾ̾淨ʦ֣¶ʥԷʦĶ֡
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ˣڵȣȴŵڶλ巨ʦĵ
ַȻҲʥԷʦĴ㡣
ʥԷʦڵȴڶλ巨ʦĵ£Ȳڶλ巨ʦĵˡҿһһʳʦ磬λ棡ֻҪҵ涼ܹʳ
ַ˵ʵһʥ𼶴ڽ棬ֲ£Ѿ˲õĳɾˡ
Ҫ֪ʥ׼ڣԴԴϣ޾Ȼ˵ڶλλλ巨ʦܵʦַ֧ˡ
Ҫʱӡߡ
ڣֻʥԷʦһλ巨ʦַȴͲη塣ڵڶλ巨ʦĵǿ϶Ҫʱ䣬Ҫܳʱ䡣
ʱȴ㹻ַ岻ϵĲʳʦˡ
ʥԷʦɲ˵ȫַֿڷʦĲʳֻǣʲôãַ汾ͺǿڸרšӶᡱֻؽޱǿ󣬷ʦЯſֲķϢҲܱ˲ĥתΪ
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һ꣬ʦѾ˷츲صı仯зʦѾֹͣλ棬Ƿڽλ淨
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ʦȴֹˣһʱ䣬ʥԷʦĵֵַ棬ǿСɡʦ磬λͳͳɣ֮ԻΪ
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ټЩɵλ棬ַĿǰѾһǧٸλ棬зʦλȡλ淨ȵȣָ֮ǷʦһУַɡ
ַҲ˷츲صı仯Ѿܹ׵ѹסʥԷʦɷʦٶҲԽԽˡ
ʥԷʦɣ㱻ɣҲֻΪ淨ʦܹоŷ֪ʶʦӴ˽ף
ַӸ£ûʦ÷ʦһַʽ浱С
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ʥԷʦ۾ĺʹ࣬Ϊ˰巨ʦȴ޷ַֹ壬ֻĿַԽԽλ棬ȴ޲ߡ
زʥԷʦ֪ʵѾˣʦҲʧˡʦλһ
ৣ
ʥԷʦ͵̧ͷĿ⾼Ķַ壬ƺĳ
ˣˣ÷ַʦȻôʦ磬ҾóԸɡϣܳܵס
ʥԷʦǼ¶һ˿΢Ц˿·һ㡣
أ
ʥԷʦӰʧӰͬʱʦȴҵȴû֮ǰ谭
̣
ַûκԥʥԷʦʲôĿģ˵ֿȻʦ磬ͲǧѷĻᡣ
ǣַţͬһֻһʦ綼һڳԵҪС̴󣬳׾̵ʦ磡


1154 ķ
񣬳׷
ַ棬ܴܴܺӴ˼㣬ں嫵ķʦ˵ֻ΢ѷڻ硣
ڷʦǰַǸС㣬ʵ̫СˡС棬ȴҪо֮٣һٽʦ綼ɡ
Щ淨ʦǣʥԷʦȻʧҲӦʥԷʦϢһĶɥɫѿ
֪ʦˣ
ĩգĩհ
巨ʦʧˣаһὫ˶ɡ
ʦ֪ʶǻۣа֣֮
ЭǾЭҪսһҪս
вһЩзǵķʦʵǿȴڶַ֡ǳַ棬ͬţ뺣һûκϢ
βͬսĻᶼûСַ廯Ӵ棬ָսֻĿӴֶ£λȡλ涼ͳͳɵ
ӴзƵķ磬һ磡
ַмΪ˷ܣһѷڻ簡һɣ澿ǿʲô̶ȣ
ַԼҲϾһ磬ַС̴Ǿ̣׻ʲôı仯ַԼҲ
ַлЩģʥԷʦЦݣʲô
ֱڣûиӦʥԷʦϢһλ׼ڣֻҪڣǾͲ𣬾ɱҲܡ
Ϊ׼ڣĳ̶ֳ˵ǡɼ
ʦ磬ʢᷨʦλ׼ڣַͲҪκˣЩ߼淨ʦַĲβַ̫澨̷ʦ磬ǹ֪ι
ഫ淨ʦȡ壬һ浱Уͼ赲棬۵ˡ
ַûɱǣֻǽŲƽеķʦ𣬾Լ
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һʱ䣬ַŽʦ糹׵ɣɵһɲǣն΢΢һΣʧ޾ĺ
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ַ忴˺򣬺ͻ羡ͷĻ򼸺һģһûʱͿռ䣬һƬҲ޷Ӧʲô
ַȷͨʱ֮ţǰȷǴںķ룬һʱա
޾ĻĿǰַ˵һԽǵԴ󲿷׼˵ǶԽǵ
Ҳ֪Щ˵еħΪܹӺΪ
ַ˼Ѿɺ뵽ħĿǰħвĻᱻԨ֮Լв
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򣡡
ַһ޾֮ͼѹʦңʦҲһ֣˵ǱַƿأôͻȻʧأ
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ַϸŷʦ漴ɫһ䡣Ϊоһ൱İ־û˿־ȴ׼֮ϡ
־ʦ־Ȼˣһַ彫ʦ糹ɺ־
ǰַ˼ڵ־ô죿ʲôı仯
ڣʵǰַ嵣ĵڷˡ
ңʦ絮־ƺżȻпΪ
ʥԷʦ֪㣬Ǻοࣿ
ַš
ѾˣһжʥԷʦġʥԷʦַ巢󷴻ʥԷʦɱﵣȻ׼ڵ־ǿС־
ĺʥԷʦױ־ͬ־һ֡ӴˣʦûʥԷʦֻ־
ѹַûиӦʥԷʦϢԭʥԷʦѾױ־һ֡
־ĵʦЩˣھҵ𶯣ƺڱѹƣڳΪһ֣ҪΪ
ҲΪ𵴵ԭ
ַһЩ磬־Ԩȵȣпܵ־
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ʥԷʦķ÷ʦ絮־־Կ𣿻ʦ־ĳΪһ֣Σʦ磬Ѿһ֣־ȫѹסʦ־
ַԽԽƺ뵽˶Բߡ
û־Ҳᵮ־ΪҾ־
ַţһ̣û˿ԥ棬Լ־ǿѹʦ־


1155 ԼĴģ
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ַȴһĵߣǴ֮ԽǿԽǿ־ַ־
ԼĴģ֮ڣƿأʦˣԣɣֻĨȥ
ַ˷𣬻ϡǷʦ־ûһʦӰԼʥԷʦӰޱ顣
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ʦ־ݺײַ־ַԼĴģ־ûǿһ̶ȣһ¾Ҫ
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ûκԥַһ޾֮Ļ۵һ𣬴˷ŷʦѹ
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գַ岢ûĨȥʦ־һ磬Ҫ־ģΪ־ζζŹ
˷ʦ־淨ʦǣͶܸһΪ巨ʦˡǰ巨ʦҲã־ҲգǵͷһԼĴĵĴַ֮壡
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һַ̣ŸоԼˣԼ顢־ͳͳˡ
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־ز٣ʦѾ־֪ԼԨʲôʱ־
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ڵֹǿ˰ٱǧ򱶶ʲôˣȴ޷ѳʱճӣǺηʥ
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ˡ
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Ԩħڻ֮оʼһвνı죬οԨ֮ŻİѱûʥǼɵѣֻһ̡
ǰַûκΰգܹȫԸԨ֮ڲһˡַھϣʵѾԽס
ϣڸһѷڻ磬Ϊ֮񣬸ܰٷְٵķӳʵ
պԲ˾λʥǾλʥʵҲ޷ٷְٵĻǻʥ봴֮
֮磬ʥǱס
ಣ
ֱַ̤ʱմ΢΢һ׹ַӰѾʧӰ١

ৣ
ңԶĻ磬֮УһӰųҡ
ˣ
ַ۾һδȻָоֲ׺ɣĸо
֪ȥ˶ʱ䣿øϽʡ
ǣַһҡ


1156 ң
ಣ
ַһʥǣȻ˷档ȻȫǷ棬һдսĺۼ
ô£
ַһʥǿǻʥǣлʥ˭ڻʥд֣
Ҳߣַ忴һˣƺһλǣӰһ˶Էǰ
ʥǵ׷˺£
ַʵΪżϵϢҲͷųһ㣬ʥڸڻʥ֮ϣֻһϢɢҲܹܵġ
ǣλɫѿͷ·ҪϢһ㣬ǿ˵ǰ֪ʲôһ֪޲ԡ
˵˵ʥǵΪλʥأ
ǰӦǲűչسɣֹǾʥǣʥǣѾս췭ظԭԨ֮ԼǣҪȡھſŻԴʯΪ˲ϧ֡

ԣҲ˵˻磬ǻɣǵԼԨ֮зǻ꣬硢ԨھſŻԴʯ
ַһݣԭھſŻԴʯѾˣĻҪ⡣
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ңҲϵ˻֮УҲǶλ
һλԨ֮λλܹλ׼ڣڵھſŻԴʯҲǻ
ھſŻԴʯһλ׼ڱ㳹׷ˣϧһдۣһҪȡھſŻԴʯ
Ϊ֪һ絮˵ھλʥǻͳ׵ԲˣʱԨһ塢һ塢һ壬
ΪˣϧһдۣҹȻԴʯ
ڻʥȻǴŭλʥֿѹλ׼ڡϾǻ磬ʥǵġԻûԶԶϵ֧š
λ׷ԣǵõԴʯͷͻħͬھ
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磬Ŀǰһֵ״̬硢Ԩһ壬ޱȷĦܴ
໥֮ǳ緽Ҳʧء
ȥİѲ٣û
ַ꣬λ󷵻˻ˡ
ǻһĦܴݣ˫Ѿ˺ƤֻǻɵŽ
ԭҪֱӳˣڰλʥԬʱ赲סףס˻ˡ
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ˣǾͳ׽Щ壡
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ʥ޷֪̽䡣
ڣ񿴵ַһĶϲӡַչأʵϣʱ䣬ϢѾ©ˡ
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ˣڵĳԱ֪ǵ޵еʥʧ١ˡ
ЩԼʥ
ַҲûʱͣæʵ
ʥʥǶԨ֮ǡ֮Լ֮Ǹ
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ַ˵ͷ֪Ԩ֮
ǣַӰһֱ˿ռͨŵ֮Ǵȥ

Ѿּ˰ɣ
ʥ̾һɫʮֵء
ԣѾˣЩɼҪõԴʯ
Դʯһ׵õ˻ԴʯǾпܳΪھλףһҵȻ磬ҪΪĵˣ
ԲУҵȻĻ磬ЩĻ硣Ƕʧ˵Ԩ磬ڻҪ磬붼롣
ǣЩ׷֮£Ŀգ귢͸ħһħΣˡ
ֻϧδԲ޷׽סЩס򣬻֮ѹ뷢ħͲܡ
һλʥ𣬶֮ǵĸ׸ˡ
Ҳ˶ѣʥҲҶ֡ȻնɱףҲҪʱ䣬ʱЩͽ귢͸ħˡ
Ͷ֮£ʥҲܼɵĶ֡ǶʱϵԽãͶԻԽ
ЩûģһҪƣǻɾ鷳ˡ
ֻϧ绹δԲھλʥûйλλʥҲ޿κΡ
ǵʥַܹΪʥǸöã
ڤʥȻ˵˼꣬ʥַ壬ӡ̡
ǰʥַ˻ʥҲ˱
ֻϧǱѰ磬ûҵʥκټ
ֻڤʥʥַ֪Сܡˡַ徿ȥҲ֪
ʥ𶼲²⣬ַȥ˻Ϊֻл򣬲ʥ޷ƿصĵط
ˣ
ȻгһȦȦĿռһ˿˿Ѹ˷ɢȥ
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ʥַ壬ˣ
һϤӰӿռͨһλʥһĶǵϤӰ
ʥַ壬ֻˣ


1157 ʥǵľϣ
ʥڤʥ𡭡УԬʥ𣡡
ַӰ֮УһȥϤλʥͬҲ˵ڰλʥ𡪡Ԭ
Ϊ˸ַԬȻ˽⡣ֻǣ˿̵ԬȴѾΪ˸߸ϵĻʥˣˡ
ʥǻˡܳΪʥ𣬻Ƕʥ
ԬЦַǰ˿̵ԬΪʥ𣬵ƺǰûʲô٣ַ壬ûʲô
ûи߸ϣҲûеΡеģƺֻиУѵиС
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ַЩֻ̾ȥ˷ʦһˣȴѾ׺ɣȻѾȥʱ䣬Ҳǽš
ƱֵزҲַ֮ǰҲ벻ġ
ʥһͲôˡ
Ԭ̾һֹЩʥûһλѯΪַŻȥûκѯʣӦڤʥ𡢾ʥԼԬ˼
λʥ𣬶ַȽ׽
ַ֪Ԭʲô˼ȡھſŻԴʯҲ񻯵ֵزʥǶ֣˺Ƥ
ַȴҡҡͷʥ𣬾ΣھſŻԴʯϵԨһǲϧһдۣǶһҪõûһҲһʥǲЭֻ־档ǡ
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λʥ붯֣޷Ǿǵ׽λ÷͸ħܹڼ̵ʱڣɱλףǶħϵôʥǵĵҲͲˡ
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ԬҲܺ棬Ȼַ֪ǿԴΪʥ󣬾ܵˣֱ޾ǿ󵽼㡣
ǰУ߲ʵʥԬҲжôǿˡ
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ʱλʥǣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊڸղţַй¶һϢôһϢȻáʾˡ
Ȼƺ־оĪв
ǰ˵ȷʥַ壬ϵϢҲԵĻϢЩʥǶ̲סҪˡ
ʥ
ڻеõһԵˡ
ַ嵭ӦҲ˵ǣҲֻãã޼ʵĻ򣬿Ÿָľأ֪ܵĻʥǶеһ˿в
λʥǼæſ
ַ취𣿡
ʥȻ˵ӦһЩգοղϵǹϢǿ󰡣ҵʥ𶼸оЩļ¡
ǰڻУʲôҵʥļ£ףҲ߹һˡ
ʥַӦ޾Ļ֮УĳҲǲܡϾ֮ǰҹ綼ûַκ˿
ô˵ַӵҵʥҵʥǿǲ˼飬ʥ𣬻ӵбʥǿôܣ
ַȻ˵ǿ϶аաӦˣ䣬ԽԽ࣬ѾҪΪˣǻǻף
ӦˣնɱףȾλʥλǿԺŲƵλãħ֪˻ľ꣬Ҳûκá
һʱ䣬λʥҲ˾Ǹ߸ϵĻʥһλĥѣܹ۷壿
ˣûɵӣ֪ĿǰʵѾΣˣգǷ뱻
ǲͻΪ쵶ն飬սЩ塣
ַ壬ʲô취Щף;ʩչҪϣ
λʥʱԸַ壬ҲѾַ嵱ͬȵλĴڣϾʵã˵Ըλףȫնɱǲ룬Ǵ
ַôҲˡ
ַ˿ʵʵԸλףֱ׾١ڻȴͬ
λʥĳȫ֣ȷҪΪʥȫϡö֣ǡֹ
ַ忪ˣϵıҲء


1158 ַսף
ֹ
ʥǣһĶסˡ
ԭΪַҪһ֣նɱλףû뵽ַѹûǳֵĴ㣬Ҫֹ
ѵᱻֹ
лʥƺ뵽ʲô
ַ˵ͷȷҵЩ⣬һȫʩչڻ絮־»Ὣҵĵˡҿɲ־ս
ڶʥЩ֪ǲǸַˡǶǻʥʵ൱ڻ־Ļ־ܲɷֵĹϵ
Ȼ֪־ʵֻתصľְˣЩʥ𣬾ġ
û־ֹ֡һû־овǺܴвС
ַһλʥĳʥ𣬵û־ов
ֱǣַҲƭǣΪǶַԣʲôô
ãڤʥŻ˵ֹֻ־ĻӦû⡣־Ȼ߸ϣҵʥȴʵʹ磬ǻ־ľ֡ʥ֣ҵȱزû־֡
ã
˵ַ꣬㽫Ŀǰеĵ֮ǡԨ֮Լ֮ǣܸܵ
ڻ磬վ޾鷳ҲգǾһ𡭡Ϊ֮һְɡ
ַ˿Ŀյ޴ʥǡ
潵٣
ûκԥַһڻ磬ʥǰʩչ档
¡¡
һ̣綼Ϊ֮𶯣

Ԩ֮ǣֺĴڣֻߴӰ
ֱԨ֮Լһλ׼ڡ
Ԩ֮ңЩп˭뵽ˮݣֱеĵԨǣȴƽ͵һã
ΪǶߣΨбȡů档
ǵģ棬Ԩ֮Լ߸ϣΰڣھȻҲҪȡů棬ı
ңھſŻԴʯЩʥУǲ׽ˡ
˵ɫһԹƶƣҲûթ֮ô
ıǳ԰֮֡
Щʥ棬ǻ񣬿¾Ǵ⣬Ǻģ˭֪ǻ᲻ὫԴʯǵھλʥⷽԲǲû˻ᣬΣա
ԣЩʥὫԴʯǣңļƻʧˡҿ׼ҵȲ֮С
Դӵݻ٣ǺʱŻļ԰
ߣҪ˳磬ҲûùңңѾλ÷͸ħҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ħͻ硣ǲҲˡ
¡˵
Ԩ֮ɫ䣬ĵ»Ƿˡ
¡֪֪ᱩ¶ǵ٣
ʵ
¶ֺηЩħҪֻ磬ǲŲᣬοħʱѾ˻ħҵǣٺ٣ʲô뷨һһ壬˳磬򡣡
¡˵ԼԨ֮ҶܷŭҲ޿κΡ˲¡ⷬȻԨ綼˾·
Щһ
ҺΣҲ֪λø߸һ壬ǶԻǴòײҵһ磬Ԩһ壬ڣȴˡ
ˣҲûõİ취Ҳף¡ⷬ³綼ᷢ
ʥڻԴʯϲЭǾעһգ˫᳹׾ѡ¡ֻһʱǰˡ
ðɣˣǾ˳磬򣡡
¶˾ġ
ҵ׼֪ͨԵʱȻһǿҵľʾУ͵̧ͷ޾յУͷ·һƬ޴磬һ
ʥǶˣ
Ҫƣ
ӣӽ򣡡
Ԩ֮գ·еš˭뵽һֱѶϣסѱĻʥǣȻô˾ϡ
ǲݣҪһ򾡣ˡ
Ԩ֮
֮
֮
䣡
Ԩ֮ԼǲԴУʱֻʩչԼ·һƬ޴Ԩ硢ԼӰبյС
Ӱȴ̺ıԴһ


1159 һֻصĻᣡ
̫
УһĮ
嫵棬ܹһƬǿգ͸ǿգԼһӰ
Ԩ֮ңһ
ǵӰʵ̫Ϥˡ
ôܣʥַ壿
ΪԨ֮թ֮ΪıƼֱ಻ʤıҲϳˡԤ뵽˻ʥᶯ֣ûԤ뵽ֵĲǻʥ𣬶λ֮ʥַ壡
ʥǿǿùʥ
˭ţʵֶַ£һ˲䣬λף͸оԼĽסˣָҪһ¶ѣ˵ͻλˡ
ףȴʤףǼʶλףҲ֪ô¡
䣡
ַ棬˲סԨ֮ǡ֮Լ֮ǣôһоѾˡ
Ӧûûн
ַ̧ͷա
¡
һֲѹ˲併١
λʥ۾·ƵģǶоֵλףôʧӰ٣ַѹˣ
Ȼţʵ
ʱ̧ͷҲ˻յУԼһֻ޴۾ǻۣ֮־Ի
֮Ѿεסַ壬ƺַ彵֮ŭϾղַ棬ʵֲ̫ˣ綼ов
ɱλвˡ
ڤʥȷӦæ˵ֹ־
ԣҵȾֹ־ȻַɾΣˡ
ʥ𶼷Ӧ˹ǻʥǻ־ľԻҲǻ־һ֡
ǣ׷׵˻е飬ģյеĻ֮ҲɢټַѾջأ־ҲûĿ꣬Ҳͳʧƽ
ʥղѹλף
ʥƺЩ̫š
ַ˵ͷѾʲôˣңղӦ޷귢͸ħΣһһ
˵գַʶ뵽浱С
ৣ
ַӰԨ֮ҵǰ
ҡ
ַһ֣ſ˰ϵĽָֻ֮жȴ̧ͷ˿գЦ˵ûв´һ磬ǲѷڻɣ
ף㵹мʶȷһ硣Ӧ֪һ統УͲҪ뿪ˡ
ַ׿ڳϣһԸӣ¶һ˿Ρ
ԭ˵ġ
ʲô˵
ַüͷʵ
Ŀһַ˵֮ϣʵһ磬Ǿƿߣײͬ־ԻԽǿ׾Խǿչ鲻ȫƿԼˣʧȥ磬ҲһǴƿ߲ͬƿ߶磬žԵĿƣ־־ԭΪֻ޾Ĵ˵û뵽Ȼģһλƿߡ
ַһԭΪԼǶһ޶û뵽޾УȻкԼƵģƿߣ״̬ƣ
ϸһ룬޾֪жٸ磬ǧ򣬻߸ࣿôУһλƿߣҲǲܵ¡
ϾԴڣ뵽棬ѵû뵽
ѺѣַܻԵɺϳɹȻҲпܳɹ
ңǾûħϵķʽ˵ûнλã͸ħ
ַţղӦûλлⷢϢǴ֮񣬰հ˵Ǵ˵еƿߣԼžԵƿأȻеÿһ˿
סǾͼκϵ
ħϵʽУղţǶûлᷢͻλꡣ
̧ͷַһۡ
ţ
ַɫ͵һ䣬˲Աߵĵ¡
ƿߣκζ鶼ϸ΢ı䶯ܹ֪һ
¡ƺ̫ͬթ֮˵˵ɣҵ統У޷κ顣
թ֮ɫúѿַܹ壬Ͼթ֮û˭ܹ֪뷨
˿ɾͲͬˣϾַƿص磬κһ˿ϸ΢ı䶯ַ嶼֪һ
¡ƺҲ֪ԼˣЦһߣҲ޷ҵףҲûзŹǵĴ㡣Ҳ⣬ˣǵĻҲŻ𣬹֮ǰѾλ÷͸ħŰɣԶҲ󲻵ħжôĿֲܿǾͻᲽǵĺ󳾣ħݻ磬
أ
ַɫ࣬һ֣õ׼ڣôΪ촷ۡһӡ˲뵽ֻؽ֮Уֻ֮ĥֻصĻᶼûУξɢַ˿жôķŭ
ħħˣ
ЩףȻѾλ귢͸ħ
Ƕ
ַһ֣׷׻Ϊ˷ɻңӡҲֻؽֻ֮ĥ𣬳׵ķɻֻصĻᶼûС
ţַ壬ѵͲ˽һħ
ţ
ַ忴Ԩ֮ңĿǰףҲֻаһˡ
ôħȵȣ֪ħף
ôĶħ϶Ǽħģħ˽Ҳ϶٣ַ岢Щˣ޷˽ħˡ
ǰ㵱ȻԴЩħ˽ħ֪ħܣֻҵף֪ħĵϸ
ַһ漴˵ͷ˵ɣҪʲôҷŹǲܵġ
ַ֪ҲԵ޹ʵĽħĵϸһġ
֪̾Լһֻϣʥ飬ֻתĻᡣ
ˣҲֻôΨһһˣֻܹתξ𣬾ֻ֮ͲˣܱξҪࡣ


1160 Ϊħ
ҿԴӦ㣬ֻת
ַ弸ûκԥʹӦˡֻתѣһֻתǰмͶɢˣ޷ٻ䡣
飬ֻҪַԸ⣬Ҳֻ֮䳹ĥ𡣵Ȼһ֮£浮飬ûַԤĻ޷ĥģгһеһزͻѼ䡣
еһ
ٱ磬׼ڣֻֻأҲ޷ĥ䣬ϾǵѾޱȵǿ
һеǰǽַλƿ߲Ԥ֮£ַһԤκ飬κ꣬Ա׵ĥ
ξҲַֻһ֮ˡ
˵ɣħľϸ
ַҲףʵһֱûʥҲû⡣
֮ڻˣҪԭǼɵħ
ħΣյĴڣΣ硣ң¡Ѿλ귢͸ħڻ͸Σˡ
ַ˽ħܸԡ
ħǾǻȳ档
ħԨ֮ƺڿ־壬һַΪݻԨԼħж٣ʵֻħ
ʲôݻģֻħ
ַҲ̲סԾʱħͺȳһΪħһȺޱӴ󣬽ݻ١
ڣԨ֮ҾȻ˵ݻٵԨĽֻħǼֱ
Ͼǿ簡
ԣħԶҲ󲻵Щħжôǿթħܺں嫵ĺ֮Уݻһһ磬Ϊǵԣթ
թ
ԣթȻųթ֮Щħ˵ƺôĺЦЩħӵթ־İ취κ統У磬ƭ־ΪǱκεų⡢ơ
ַһݣţһħҲϢĽ뵽˻֮УӵթǾλʥλԲˣҲ޷ħ
ԣ־ܱƭֺ׼ڿԴԴϵĵ֮ѹˡħû֧֮ţǵĶ֣
ַ뵽˹ؼһ㡣
ǰħƭǷ֣ǾˣҲ룬ˣҲûоħжѲȴִˣشħ뵽֮Уֱ롣ħһ磬ǵթɲֻƭ־ǵΨһĿ꣬ǱԴ籾Դ
ħǵзǳ⣬ֻ籾ԴɵԽ࣬ҲԽǿңڽ֮ϢɱԴ׼ڶ޷֡ǵ磬ǱϢУ˱Դȵֺ󣬱ԴѾɵһɶˣ˱ıԵܵǲ֪˶١Щħȴǿܹ磬ˣǰˣܵĺܲҡ
ƺ£Ԩ֮ҲЩ̾
ûбħɱԴսսʤЩħ𣿡
ַȻʵ
ţҲϸĽȴǡѣ
ұɬ˵ħôöԸǾͲħˡթ־ɱԴ⣬Ǳͺǿ󣬼ӵŲ֮ôɱɱΪǵ˲ɱһ׼ڣԼ統УҲɱһħħĿ֮֮ͬһϵ籾Դɱħħȴ籾Դһ㶼ܺס
ַһݣթ־⡣׶ɱͿˣ˵Щħ޵еĴڣ
޵Уһʲô㣬ħͳ򣿡
ħǲͳκΪ֮ǾɡӶᣬһһš
ҿЦ˵֪ħǷ㣬УҲ֪ħ޵еģһħҪôӣҪô
ħһ㣬ֻǣûнӴħûħսȻҲ㡣֮ҪϢ֪λʥʥ㡣
ַ岻֪ħ᲻ֻʲôʱ硣
Σ綼Ҫһ׼
ȥɣֻ֮һתԨ
ַ˵꣬һ֣Ԩ֮ұ㻯Ϊ촷ֻۣؽ磬ֻǱĥ꣬תԨ֮С
ַ忴һеԨ֮ǡ֮Լ֮ǣûκԥֱӽʥĨȥԨԼͳͳȥ
ֻǣҲתֻصĻᣬңΪֵַٳһռ䣬
һУַŽʶع鵽֮С
λʥ𣬸ոЩףõһϢ
ַأλʥҲɫ΢΢һ


1161 ħ
ʲôϢ
ʥʵ
ǹħģԨ֮˵¡Ѿλõ귢͸ħڣħпܳŻ죬ʮꡢħͻϵʱ䣬Ҳ֪
ַĻðλʥ죬ȴʲôû˵պء
ǿħԨ綼ħεֵ
֪ˣͲӦЩ硣
ԣ͸øϾɱ
ߣڻ绹ɢڸص壬̰䲼ɱ嶼Ͼɱ
ʥǶЩߣǻЩ壬أȴǰ͸ħʥǶûж֣Ѿ͸ħ
Ŀ
ı죡ЩȻסˣ㽫ϾɱΣǼвħ
ʥأȻħû˿İա
ҵһ취
ȻԬʥƺ뵽˰취˵
ʲô취Ԭʥ˵
취ܼ򵥣ǾҪʱ䣬ҳھλʥȻλʥλԲʱǾܺϾλʥ֮ŲħˣҲҲ磬ȻͰвˡ
ԬĻڶʥǰһ
ȷһ취֮ǰλʥǾ뷨ھλʥһֱûйλ˲Ų֮
ڣħвüޣʥҲˡ
취У뾡죬˭֪ħʲôʱ磿ħ磬ԲҲˡ
Զԣʱ䡣
ǻʥ֮񣬶һһǰԴʯһܹܿҵھλʥ𡣡
ϣʱ仹ü
ʥ֣ھλʥλ£ʥġ
λʥַĿȻ˺ܴĲͬлһ˿塱ǰַʥܿһλףʥΪ߸ϣлΪܣʥ֮£һоϡ
ղַı֣Ȼ֤ѷκλʥȻʥǿ־ܵв
һλʥѾַλʥͬȵλǿڡ
¹簲ΣԻᾡ
ַҲûѣǣڶʥҲ׷뿪ַҲص˻ˡ

ããУλһΪԨλһ磬Ȼ磬ȴ֮漣
˿̵ĵԨԼ磬ȴѾƲѾӵӣ
Ȼ绹ûбȴѾʼԭܼ򵥣ΪѾû˱Դ
ɲһħѾһ뿪ħ磬ããɱˡÿһζ˳ƾħԣֻҪ磬һ⣬նӱˡ
СĳӰ壬Զס磿ūĵطףҲֻ־ūֻ͡ҵħܰ־Ŀƣǲ֮ϣĸ߹
ɲŵУʣ޼ĵѾ᲻ȤˡֻеıԴֻϧԴͱһˡ
ǰЩе΢ǿһҲЯһЩ籾ԴڣѾɹɯЩСĵѾмһˡ
ڴƵʱҲûиϾɱˡ
ȻЩȻСĳӣɲԣҲǺķ뿪ħǣͺеһҪɱһһ硣ħϡ٣ҲûȮôѰЩ磿
ʵǿЩ޾Сĳӡ
ӰɣӰɣϽӰɣӽӵԽԶԽáǶҵȮ˭Ҳ޷ӹҵĸӦһ硭
ɲǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
ְ취ħǼҲ磬ΪÿһСǵġĿܱӦ
һ磬ħǾѭЩĿǰ
ôֵģӶħݻ١
ˣ
ȻгӰɲǰ档
ţ۾šڤʲô
ɲ۾΢΢һУ˵
ǰˣȻħһħֱԸԨ
ɲλһҵһֵģôʹݻ磬ҲϡǶѾ硢ԨЩСӶˣǲһԼ磬໥ϣΣ
ߣʲô⣬ѵҲ˵Щ׻ҲûڵЩСֽţ֪ģҲ֪֪ͬģҲ֪ԣµ磬Ǿ͸ƾˡ
ٺ٣Ǿ˵ˡ
˵꣬ħʧˣɲɫŽ
ħ磬ޱȵĲпᡣȻħںݺ޵УʵϣħУħǶĴڡûгΪħ֮ǰ磬Ϊ
ֻħʸ籾Դ
ħ֮䣬ȴûʲôţеֻǶթ
ţ
Ȼɲ΢΢ЩŹ֡
ǡǵ׼ڣϢһл磬λ궼У
ɲǼ¶һ˿ЦݣȴܹŹ֡ݻ˵ڵȴͨ籨š
İ
ɲףκĶĥ͸ġϲ⣬ĻħںŰ
ΪħǾóġ
ɲֿһգ۾ڤӦûûеõϢҲˣץʱ䣬ֻҪһִ磬ôȫµ磬ˣ
ɲ˭Ҳ᲻ߡ
ɲӰһѾϢ뿪˵ãã֮С


1162 һ󱬻ۣ֮
Ļ磬쳣»ûôֹ
Ԩ֮ǡ֮ǡ֮ǣЩʥǣȻһҹ֮䣬ȫˣһۼû¡
߶еޱȵ˷ܣЩԴ˻磬ĦϣЩС
ڣʥǶ廹ʲộ
ңϢʥУǻʥ𱮣ʥ
ʥַ壬Գ֣һ֮͸ʥǣλ׶ûӳϢʵ̫ˣܶ˶֪ʥǿǿһӸʥǣһ֮նɱλס
Ѿˣʵ̫ţûжš
λʥԼʥ˸ɱĸɱǼߣɱۣ
糹׷ڣʥѾ׶ʧˣЩ޸ĸƼɱ
Щ֮ǰͺгԹߣϲ񣬷׷ɱЩ塣ȴע⵽аλʥԼʥһ𷢲ĸɱ
ʥʥһ𷢲ɱʥûκ飬ʵѾ˵ˡ
ʥǽʥͬһλ
һʱ䣬ЩǶи˾κˡʥȻʥƽƽе⣬بδй¡
ţλʥʥһͬٴηһ͵ھλʥ𣡷ߣݣ۵λΪǰʥǣԴʯ
һϢޱȵķڣ񶼷ӵ˾ʥǡϾǿǳɾ͵ھλʥϣ
Դʯһ֣ǶǲϵɱɱѪɺӣʥҲԤڣȴɱˣлԴʯһֱֵھλʥΪֹ
ǧѷĺûᣬ
ֻǣʱһĹȥ
һ졢졢졭
һ¡¡¡
תۼһʱȥԴʯѾȴûκһܹԴʯе߹
Ҳ˵ھλʥûг֡
ڶԻ˵ֶ룬һʱ䶼˷ѡ
һˣھλʥûйλ鷳ˡ
ַ۾Ǳޣһʱ䣬û뿪硣ȥʱ֮ţȥɵ硣
˭֪ħʲôʱ뿪ˣħ漴綼иΣֹؼʱַ̣岻뿪
粻ļңˣѣҲĵط
ǿȽԴŲƽҵڡ
ַһǰ֮Բ뽫ԴŲƽ棬ʵǵܱ֡
ңҲоҵսЩʱַҲ޷֤İȫϴΣַʥԷʦսͷ츲أ˺ܴ
ڲһˣַ棬̺ʦ磬ڵַ壬綼ǿһвѾַУȻԱ֤Դİȫ
ಣ
ֱַӳԴܡ
Ųƣ
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һΣַҲͻˣ־ȴһ٣ٶġơַжһ˿졣
ৣ
Դ泹Ųƽַ֮帺ֶԼֳһ޴ӰյеĻ֮ۡ
ɢ
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ʥס֡
ȻһĿռͨһλλʥӿռͨз˳ǱղַĶ𶯡ˡ
ǿǻ֮۰
ȻͱַӲĨȥ֮۵ɱȻʥȫһˣȻʥȫһҪֲ
Ϊ̺Ż־
Իеκ˵־·Ǹ߸ϣսʤģǻʥޣڻ־֮£ҲֻɪɪһʵʮһﻹҶֵֿ
ַ岻һƺ˿ܻ־Ӱ죬˻֮ۡ
ʥ𣿡
ַ忴һЩʥҲûжˡ
˻ʥĳ֣־Ҳƽûж
ʥ˿漴˵ʥҵ̣׼ȴʥһ𡣡
ʥк£˵
ģѾһʱˣھλʥȴûг֡ҵȾʥд֮ˣھλʥҲʥߣԬʥ˵ĸˣҵʥʶȫԴʯ
ҲǰλʥĽ
ַ߱ˣǲɵģǻ־Ҳ޷ıʵ
µҲ򵥣Ǵ£ȥټߵ񡣡
ַһԺȴֳһλ
ûпǵھλʥ𣿡
ַϸ룬Ȼܹһ𣬽ʱ֮ţ컯Ҳضд֮ˡ
˵ھλʥ
ȴ൱鷳ٶʱڣھλʥ¾޷λˡ


1163 
أٵȵȡ
ַ̾Ϣһûзصʱ֮УһֱǸ統Сַ岻Σգʱӡڣѡ
ھλʥٳûйλԻ˵кܴǣַûмħҲ޷ȷħʲôʱִ
ҲЩ׼ˣʵҪġ
ַһֱ棬棬ѾȻˣǿ
ʦԨԼ
ֻзʦǿ󣬶Ѿ־ұַȫΪַá
һʦУ˭ܹλ淨һ̶ȣҲܹΪ巨ʦġַڴŵڶλ巨ʦϾǿ׼ڣַҲ뿴е׼ڣʲôӣ
֮⣬ַ뷽跨ҪҲ־ֻϧ־Ҳô׵ģûһͲܵ־
ÿһ죬ַʵڿٵΪÿһ죬оͻᵮָÿһǶĴӡ׳Ϊһ֡
ϾַеʵûȥЯӡǣȫַȻҲ޷
ҲַûкģĨɱȻֻؽתֻءַ岻ģҪȻȻɱ⣬һҪԭһĨɱȫǸĴоͶϾˡ
ⲻַҪġ

һ󣬷·һɲããУȻһâϢںдš
ಣ
ڣӰͣ
ӦþλˣѾӦϢһӴԴ磬ȵҪǿ󣬱ԴҲһӵӴ󣡡
ɲ촽¶˷֮ɫ
ӵж˻總Ӧ˻磬ǸӴ̺ӴıԴ
籾ԴɲħԵֵջħҪɳҪǿ󣬾ͱ籾ԴԽԽá
ܿ죬ɲѾǰһ޴磬ɢĵϢ
磡ţǸλңʲô鷳Ҫֶ֮Ը硣ٺ٣ԸΣСĳӣһӾֻܵȮʹѾˣѾ֡ҿıԴжô
ɲ΢΢۾漴ʼһԽԽȻʧˡ
þǿԼһƺλƣƮ˻֮С
ħǧ򻯣һڻ統УħϵϢȻҵı仯Լúͻһģһ˭޷ֱ档
ƺʶıˡ
ṹҲ򵥵ġ
ɲʱѾһͷޣ󣬡ĵһȻȻͱ˻޵ģϢһ
־Ҳ޷
ħթ־޷ֱ档
ɲ仯ĻޣѸٳǰɳȻ޺ǿǿɲΪ޻ס
һ۾˻޵ṹȻǿ޷Ϊס
ţǻӦǻףߣ
ɲ仯ĻޣǰеļӰʵֻǻˡ⼸һޣɵˡ
ǻޣܿġ
ɲҲûпһ죬㽫˶ˣҿʼѸٵġġ˵ļ䡣
ܿ죬ɲҲ仯һͷޣһߡ
⸱öˣףʥôҪɱԴȽЩʥɣһһĽʥסʥǵУʥǣţˣ
ɲǼ¶һ˿аЦݣӰһȻֱӾ˺˿ռ䣬һλˣȻܹռ䴩Ǳ߿һʮֵľȡ
ɲħ˵ֱ׾ٵ¡ħթ˫־թһ㣬ħѧϰģҲ˿ѷթ
κһ磬ħѧϰģеı˷ʤ

ʥǣдУƺ
ʥһû֮ʥУǼı֮һǳߡңʥºͣ󲿷ʱ䶼ʥǵС
ھλʥٳ޷λ޷Բħˣ롣
ʥҲĿǰٵΣա
ˣʱʱ̶̿ڹעŻı߽磬ϣܹһʱ䷢ħ٣ֻǣôʱ䣬ʥҲһ
ףղź߽һ˿ôûˣ
ʥüͷʱ̶עŻĽ紦ղһ˿ܺ΢Ҳˡ
ֻǣȥѰңȴһ
ѵ̫ˣ
ʥһô겻ʲôϸ䣬ȷôһ˿˿Ĳƺ־û⡣
УøϽҡ
ʥ𲻸Ҵ⣬׼ϸѰʱͻȻıһİ𣿡


1164 ʥ䣬ͬ
ʲô
ʥ͵Ļͷ͵һݡ
ʲô
ĺ棬ƾվһӣһ۾ǸֻһλˣͨĻ
𾪣ŵģʲôʱһλͨϢĳʥ󣬶ʥȴһ֪
ϢȷǻҵĸӦ㵽ʲôˣ
ʥǳţͬʱҲһʱ͹ͨڤʥ𡢾ʥʥ
λʥһֵĻϢĳҵ̫Ź֣̫Źˡ
ʥڴҲһŻô
ŶڴôȻôǾսپɡ
صĻǼ¶һ˿ЦݣʥͽȻһ˿ס
䣡
ʥ˲仯Ϊһòبڻ֮УʥǶ𶯣ʥı壬ʥһ𹥻úķѲٵʱܹơ
۷ʥлʥУƵһ
ûõģôŨıԴϢοΪ־ūɣɣҵ֮УҺΪһ壬ΰħɲΪһ壬ҡ
ʥһָŻ㡭ħ
䣡
ֻǣʥʱȻûлˣħɲ죬·˺ڶ˲ͽʥı嶼Уµ˻ƺ޷ֹɲĿС
óѣ
ʥ͵ıըѡԱΪǻʥ׼ڣԱҲǽָܹܿ۳
ħɲȴ޶ԣЦ˵ӲģϢʵ̫ˣ̺űԴϢʥЦ֪ǲ籾Դ㻹ܻܲ
˵꣬ɲ˲Ӱʧ
ˣ
ʥǵУһȦһȦ޾Ļ֮Ļʥǵߡ
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ʥޣƺʥ޶û˿ֲϢѵλʥ𣿵ʥֱӽټɣڸʲô
ৣ
ʥˣˣڤʥ𡢱ʥԬʥȵȣʥһ˾ʥǣַҲʱϵ
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ʥæ˵ڸղţҵʥ֮УҺ޲ħҪɣԱãȻ籾ԴڱԴеӡǣ
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ʲô
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ֻĿʥȻɢûȫ۳ͳ׵ɢʧӰ١
磬Ҳûʥĺۼ
ӡǣԻʥ˵ҲؼĶӡʧôʥҲͻ᳹׵
ʥ𡭡ˣ
ڶʥǶ·𲻸ţڶҲţʥǸ߸ϣٶ
ʥô
ʵǰʥˣ
ʥҲпֻΪǽӡǣӡ籾ԴУں˻֮У粻ƣʥҲͱ
ܹӺ嫵Ļ籾ԴУӡɣʥҲпܻġ
¡
ʥ䣬ȫ綼𶯣ֳֺѹֵϢ˴
ʥ䣬ͬ磬ƺΪһλʥˡ
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ĸܵħвʥôʥֱʥǿ٣ħпȥ
ֻס籾ԴղѾȷ籾Դһ֣һǸħ
ڤʥɫʵϲѣڶʥѾʼֱ籾ԴˣϾ籾ԴǸ
ʥˡħȻϢ磬ֵɱʥ˵һһĻơˣʣµλʥ𣬶ʱ̴һѰħΣͽʥˡ
ʥص˵
غҲַֻλΨһʥ
ħѾ˺ܾˡ
ַŻգ˸ź⡣


1165 ʥİ취
磬Σշǳš
ʱ䣬ʥϢл߶֪Ŀǰٵѣħ֣
ħһ֪ˣҲ˽⵽ħĿ¡
ǣʥˣֱǻĵĵһΣʥ൱ͳΪ˻ʥ𣬸߸ϣٶȴˣɵĺ䶯
ھſŻԴʯɵıǲ򣬵ʵڶʥѾڴھλʥĳˡ
ΪµھλʥλĿǰҲֻаλʥʥʵǳ⣬ûڶʱ޷Բ
ʲôʱԲ˭Ҳ
λʥ𶼱ȡůĶŻ籾Դ˿ķɣѰħ£ȫȨʥַ塣
飬˵ˣһһɸѡÿʥǵߣһҪ©
ַĻˣѾǻһеֻǣ
½ʥǶѲһ飬ҳħϾЩħóأûκϢûκѰң
ַĿĲҪķҳħʵϣһֱڸӦŻıԴ
ʥҲַҲܸӦ籾ԴܸӦ籾Դȱʧһ飬¾Ǳħɵһ顣
ħ磬ɲǹ۹εģҪɻ籾Դַȵ𣬶ħͿûôõˡ
ħһ֣ǳַ֣һܵһʱϵ
ħ˻磡
ַһ˿âŻա

ڤʥǣһͨͨĻˣʥ֮С
֣ͦɾûôˡ
ͨͨĻȴͨ촽۾һ˿âħɲ֮ǰƷ˻籾Դζ԰Ρ
ʥ䣬Ҳûʥǽס˻籾Դɲû˿ɳ֮
ûϵʱ仹Ȱɡ
ɲԵúƽеġûκһܹѵģЩʥĴ
ɲħʵıԴɣȴɹթ쳣ӲӲͷ·֣ĵȴﷶȻ󷢳һ
ʱһĹȥһ¡¡ꡢһꡭ
綼ƽûħκټ֡λʥȴôɺܽŶ̶һʱˡ
ʱԽʵľԽǼɵ
˵ħʵǿ󣬶һƶˣǳġôʵѹĻǻʥ
˵ҵУַѾǻʥ֮ĵһˣʥҪػ籾Դϻ¶ַ塣
ˣڵַҲǴȨա
ַȴЩ
һʱˣħܳס
ַҲû뵽ħȻôġ˵ħıթڿȻˣһֱûκζַ֪ħһڻ֮УϸѰŻᣬһлᣬضᷢһ
ѾʧһֱԴپʧıԴˣ򣬶˵ĸ
Ϊȫûа취ˣ
ַһ˿â漴һ˿ռͨС
ಣ
ʥһĿռ䵱УһϤӰ֡
ʥ
ʥˣħϢ𣿡
ʥǲ뵽취ˣ
λʥæַλǽȣʥ𶼲ҵ
ַҡҡͷħܽƻһûκжλʥػ籾ԴҲûκηĿǰҲûзħκټ
ħôթ鷳ˡ
ԣϵʱԽԽЩᵽħһѵħʱ䣬ȴħĵ
Ҳûֿܣؼ޷ħ޿κΡ
λʥı鶼൱أҲΡʥһڻܣڣȴħ޿κΣһ취ûУֻ
ʥ˷ǰ£
ʥһַʵַ֪岻Ե޹ʵ
ַ忴һ۸λʥܸܵĵĵǡʥˣοǻеˡ
ǣַ˿Ҳԥֱ˵ʵҪҵɱħҲȫûа취
ʥа취
ʥǶ͵̧ͷĿ⾼Ķַ壬ޱȵСڤ˼룬ȴ벻κΰ취
ַа취Ȼٺòˡ
ҵ취Щ⣬λʥǵͬ⣬ҲΪ
ַıأģλʥҲ
ʥʲô취˵ɣ벻ɣǶԸ٣һ취Ͷһϣ
ʥһʥ𣬴һ¡ʲô취ǶԸһ취ǳʥַ֮ڣǾ;޵ķʸ


1166 һ棡
취ô
ַ̧ͷȻʵλʥ˵ƿߣ
ƿߣ
λʥҡҡͷԨײͬǴδ뿪磬Ȼ֪ããе
ַҲû̫ȣǽ͵֮Щ⣬λʥӡǣ뵽֮У粻ƣʥ֮ȴǡǡ෴һԵɺϣڳԴʱǴͳĳߣ棡
棿⡭ܳɹ
ʥ۾ȻǾȻҲ֪档Ͼʥ඼ĳߣҲǻԵɺ֮²ųѡ
һԴ棬ǳѵĻǾиָĳ֮УҲƵ뷨ֻǣ˭ûиʵ
ΨַɹˣʵַһΣҲұ֤ܹɹ棬ҲǴżȻԡ
棬ҳɹˣڳһ棡УҲ֮ţģĻ浮һֻؽ磬Ӵˣ泹ơ
һԵɺϣõһʱ֮ţܹɽһЩ磬ΪˣһЩ硭
ַûʲôģʱ֮šȵȣܶλʥ̹ס
֮ԡ̹סһΪڻΣҲΪַ壬Ѿ㹻ĵǰĻʥ֣ҲĶ֡
Ͼַ浱Уһ綼ķʦһǿ磡
ַĽͣģλʥһʼľȣڵĳĬֻҲβסĵ𾪡
ѹ֣ʥѹλס
ѹ֣־ʥ֣ǻ־ܵв
һ磬һλƿߣʵǻ־Ļɼ
ʥ֮Уаܵôѣɡ
ˣʥ˼ҲˡҪҳħû簲ȻҪɻ𣿡
λʥվеĶ㣬Ǹݽ֮£Ȼַ֪ġ취ʲôǾǣַɡ
һΪַһ֣ħթӵùַ
Ǵ֮Ǵ˵еƿߣ
ַҲû˵ˣ֪жô£֪ʥǵľӰ쵽δ
һַ棬ǿɾɼˣǰǵͷֻһ־һÿǹ硣
ǽ棬ǵͷл־һλ֮һ֮ϡ
ʥܸЩأҵʥ𶼸мǣʵ̫ˣǵϣǣ׻顣ԡ
ַ˵ͷҲ֪ô͡˵Щʥ𡣻ַԼҲôشľ
֮ô˵ֻΪ˸Щʥһѡˡ
޷ֻһħǻԼѰңλʥҲԶ࿼һ
ַҲû˵ˣ˵棬Ǳǣת뿪
ȵַ뿪λʥ
û뵽ʥȻ˻氡Դ棬뷽跨֮ʱҲйۡһѡ˴ͳĳ֮棬Ϊǲʵʣû뵽˳ɹ
ѹ֮ǰûʥκټԭȥʱ֮ţ硣ʥʵҪɻ磬¾Ҳסˡ
ʥûǿ˼ѵλûʥ壬ʥļ磬ʥЩħóѡ
ǽʥ棬ҲʥһˣʱȹǰѹأԺ󡭡
ڶʥи뷨ǻַ壬Ľַ塣
ڽַ棬ȴԼͬĶء
ҪħһҪҳħʱʥ֣Ҳδûϣնɱħ
԰ʥǽȣλʥֶҪǿҵħ¹˭ֻδ֪οǻѡ񡭡
ʥǻһۣôʱ䣬Ҳֳһ취
ħӦöԸġ
鵽޷صĵزٿַĽ鲻١һʱ䣬λʥͷĴʯˣħвַ֪ġϸڶʥҲδһս
磬Զûеɽˮĵز
λȻˣǲԴУǾԻ籾Դһһ硣ߣҲħ
û籾ԴԱԴĺܴλʥҲܴ󣬲򲻵ѣʥǲְ취
Ͼ̫ħô죿
ʥȴûйˣ̫ħѣǻʥ
һλʥѾȵ
ãǾñԴ磬ħΣ
ǣλʥ¶˾ģʼ߶ںڻ籾Դе飬һ硣


1167 Ͽʥ
λʥ֣߶籾ԴÿһطϸԴҲȼţʥǵӡǶܵһӰ졣ᱻɣӰ죬ʥǻܳܵס
İ취֪ʥȻһλƿߣʵʥҲԷһǷһҵħʥǻʣսǳˣıԴӰ쵽ĸ
¡¡
һɹ޵ĲƺƵԾʥΪģ˷ɢȥһǶҲ޷ܵӰ졣
ǻʥǾһĸܵ籾Դھҵš
ʱڤʥУͬͥɢӣ͵̧ͷɫ΢΢һ䡣
ȼձԴ޴޴ЩԴͳͳҵģҵģ˭Ҳ᲻ߣ˷ѣһƣ¡ڿǾȻ˷ҵıԴǾûбҪһˡôͳȫǣ
ৣ
ӰһΣ漴˾ʥǵУ޼ɵɢ첻ͬϢ
ҵˣħ
ħ
ڳˣ
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ħɲɫ࣬ħ̰թʵǿһҲӲӲ취ٵս
ͬʱҲ̰ġħɲһѾ֮ˡ
籾Դÿһ˿ħɲǻʥҲ˷һ˿ˣʥȼձԴҲҪҵħɲȻһʱͳˡ
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ڤʥأ͵תԭ֪ʲôʱħɲȻֳڶʥ
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Ϣ񡭡ʥӡǶ˻籾ԴУô£
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ħɲʥӣ˶ܳԾ仯֮ʲôģһģһϢ鶼˻統УǾ˾ò˼ˡ
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䣡
ħɲһ̧֣гһþب֮УȻʥ
޴ĳӰԶ֪ΰħֶΡѵǲ֪ΰħǶӵթ𣿹թ֮־ѾƭˣΪʥ𣬻粻ƣʥԣɱȴǵĻ籾Դǣ
ħɲ޼ɵĴЦţλʥȴֽűĵһɺ
թթԶԶ֣־־ˣթֱĿǡ
Ҳʥ𡣡
ʥڤʥٴ֣˻ħɲȥû䵽ħɲϣѾ׵ʧˡ
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ʥɱʥģȻħɲѾթ˻־ƺıʥʥĹˡ
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λʥ޿κΣ
⻹ôħѾɡʥͬǻʥǻôħɲ˿̶ܹǻʵĻʥ
־վ־ֻľֻ˲һκǻһûĲûи顣
ħթֱĿǣֻҪ־޷ֿħթ
һʱ䣬ڶʥ·˾
ɱԴ
ȻλʥϸӦħɲȻʼö֮ɻ籾Դˣ綼ھҵţֳһ͵Ļۣ֮ء
־޷ֱ˭ɱԴ
ħħȳһ㣬֮綼һһţκ׶Ϊ
ʥϿʥ
ʥ޲ߣɫ԰ףֻĿħɲö֮ɱԴȴΪ
ڣֻڴʥˣڴʥܹħɲĳˣ


1168 Ǿ̰ɣ

Ȼһ̾Ϣص֮С
֪ʲôʱһӰѾ˻֮УӰڶʥϲ⡣
ʥʥ
ʥˣǰħʵԶԸֻܶԸ
ħȷթȻ̶ֳȣֱ˼
ʥǶһһַ崫
ʵϣһʼ﷢սַѾһԹۿˣʥǶħɲ̫ȣûвħɲһǲˡ
ʥַ壿û뵽ûףȵģȻһλʥѵ㲻֪ʥ£ϣ
ħɲ߸ϣ۸ַ塣
һλ׶ǵͨߣûȤ֡
ַȴû˿еСķŭȻԵúƽ˵թܹǿ̶ֳȣȷǷ˼ƭ־Σʥ𣬲޵У
ַ廰£ûʩչ棬һ潵٣Ʊػᱻ־ԣַûħթ
ֻǶ֮ǵ¡
ǣַ嶯ˣһȭն·𱻶ţԼĻţ˲ħɲ
أ
ɲʩչʥе˻ȴɱһȭˡ
أ
ɲ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
һĻ䵽ʥУҲޱȵ𺳣ȻѾˣַǿʵ
ȴûһֱ۵ĸ
ڣˡ
ȫʢʱڣܹȴɵסַһ
Ѿŭˣ
ɲٴڿǡʥ𡱵ݣʥ𣬻粻ƣʥǶɡ
ħթѾɲ뻯ΪĻʥʥҲ޿κΡ
ʥħɲΪʥ𣬻粻ƣʥͲɱǧΡΣҲûκá
ǰʥһĹʥȫûá
ҵʥϣҲ޷һλʥݡ
ħɲٶ۳Ǽ¶һ˿ЦݣˣɱģֻĿŻ类ɡ
ַǰʥȻĲҽһţȻɢһ˿ۼû¡
ʥ𣡡
ˣħһħɲ
⣡
ʥôȥˣڶʥĵʹࡣħɲȴЦһٶȱ˱ʥģ
ȻʥӡǣħɲˣıԴҲħɲʮ֮һȻ˼ˡ
ټȥضٱ
ôȥˣ籾Դʧ࣬粻֪˶
ҵȵļ԰ʥס磿
ʥ˻磬ܷնɱħ
ʣµλʥƺ¶˾ģĳַ塣
ܣ
ַն˵
ãǾͷˡ
ԣҲǻһطˣǻ磬ܲ
ǰħҪ籾ԴɣҪΪһŵ磬ǲܴӦ
ʥǾɣǻȫֹ־ʣµģͿʥˣ
λʥĻħɲϵЦݶʧˡ
ô£ʲô
ħɲ֪Щʥʲôʱ򣬸ľ飬ЩǣҪôƴҪôߡ
ڣЩʥƺϣһʥϡ
һ׶ǵͨ¸ղʩչ˿ֲһܽʥ𶼻Ϊ촷ۣʥ֮Ҳˡ
粻ƣʥַҲ޷ı䡣
ӣƴ绹ѡ
ܿ죬ħɲ֪λʥŪˡַֻأ۾һΣյϢַɢ
潵٣
䣡
һƬ޴Ӱ֣磬·һӱ̩ɽѹƵģַѾһڶ硣
־ױңޱȵĿ񱩣һ͵Ļۣ֮ۼſֲݺݳַȥ
һĻħɲеĿɿڴħ𣿻粻ӦȶԸڷǡڧˣʥַս
ƺƺַ峹׺ɱ־Ĳݡ
ȵȣϢһȫµ磿
ħɲͷ·ŵζèһ˫̾˸̰Ŀ⡣
µ磬һƬȫµ磬κ綼ħ
οܵƬȫıԴֱӿȣ˿ѷڻ磬ȻıԴӴ
ƬڻȸԾƺҪ磡
ҵıԴҵ籾ԴΰħɲıԴ
ħɲһ𣬷·ʲôŭ
ַѾſ˫֣ͷ棬ܸо֮Ѿ˻֮ϡ
ң־Ȼлʥǵȫ־ܱѾ
Ǿ̰ɣ
û˿ԥַſ֣·棬һ֣ʹָһ̣Ϊ档
漴͵һϡ
䣡
ħɲڣ磬˲䱻ַû


1169 թʧЧ
һ¾ͺˣ˵һ̿һĻǿһƬ޴ӰȻ併ٶ£·һŴһ㣬綼һ̶¡
¡
־·һ㣬綼ھҵţλʥֹ־Ҳ޼¡
ϾڶԻ־˵ʱ̣־ûи飬Ҳ޷ֱ棬ֻǰջĹת
ʥǻ־Ļѡ
˿̻־ɸܵ˾޴вӴˣ־ܵ淨ѹơ
һ˲䣬ƺַһڽ£еġУʹһԾΪʦǿ
־ûбѱ涼ΪĶھҵĶš
Ϊģ
֮־־
ַ˿ʥֺ룬ѹŻ磬޵е־ѹŻ־
ѹƷʦ־һѹƻ־
ǰַֻһ棬С̴ʤǿʦɣѹ˷ʦ־
ڣַѽȣֹ˰ٱˣѹƻ־ַ˵̫ѡ
ģ翪ʼƽ־ѹסƺܹӦϵ淨򣬱˵ӵǿ
ʱλʥҲɳ˻硣
ʥ棿
һ磬ȻͬĹ򡣡
־ûѹˣʥ棬ǿĿ¡
û뵽ô档ʥ𣬿¾ҲӦڵĻǰʲô𡣡
λ϶¶һ˿֮ɫѾ׼类ַɺǻЩӦ
ֻлʥĸַܵǿ󣬲ܸܵ淨ΪʥѾվ˻۷塣
ûиӦκ־
û־Ϊʥ־־ʥΨһף
ֻ֮ϧһӽڻ֮Уûϣˡ
ܵĺ嫣ʥǶܶġ
Ȼվ˻ۣ֮ȴףǰѾû·ˡ˵ǵǰû·ˣʥ߾硣Ψͨ磬ţǵŻ֮ǿΪԵࡢǿĻ
ֻǣַλ֮ĺԶ
Ϊַƿ棡
ಣ
ַλʥǰѾƽ־ҲѹƣӴˣҲַƿص磬ֻеһˡ
ֻؽ磬ַеֻؽ糹ںϡ
ûֻؽ磬ַ彫ŲƳ棬Ҳǻˣʱ
ֻؽһĸĳ̶ֳϣֻؽ籾ԴͬҪ
ʥ
ʥħأ
ʥ־Ѿѹƣħ˷ˡ
ʥĵľħˣħթʵ̫ǿˣ˺ܴϣû类ַˣĿĲΪ˶Ըħ
ڣܹӦ籾ԴУħĴڡ
ħɲûֻƺǵĻ磬ħһ˭ҲҲ
ַıԵúƽһҲûż漴һֵλʥ𣬷ģħӲ
ˣ
ַһ֣ʱгһţһϤӰ˻յС
ħ
ħɲ
ַһ֣ͽħɲŲơ˹һʱ䣬ʥǸò˼顣
ţǡ
ħɲɫ͵һ䣬˿λʥֿ˿ַ壬ɫҲ
ԣħħթƽ˵ģο㻹סħթ
ɲƺһɹɵĲɲĹϡģħɲϵϢͱúһˣԷֱ档
漴ħɲһ粽ռ뿪ˡ
ַȴһҲûżһ֣
ৣ
ӿռиոմ뿪ħɲЩĵһ˳̧ͷ˿ܣ˻ʥҲַ壬ŵȻ
ôܣҵħթôʧЧ
ɲ˼⣬ħթħеֶΣҲ֮кֶΣ־ܱƭ
ڣħթȴʧЧˣܲ𾪣
ɲƭ־ȴƭ˱ѵ㻹ûףڵ磬ֻһȫµ磿
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣЦȴû˿Ц⣬ͬ꺮һ㣬˲


1170 ֮
硭
ɲϸĸӦһ磬漴ɫһ䡣
Ȼû־ôܣܸܵƣȻ綼Ҫǿôûе־ѵǸոյ磿ֲ񡭡ңΪܽҴӿռͨ
ħɲ˼⡣
ܼ򵥣ΪƬ֮֮Ƭ磬ɱ죬ħթȷ˫һֱթ
ַĻħɲ׻һ㣬
ַ˼Ƭ治û־־־ɲթ־Ϊ־ʼնǺܴ壬ûи飬ľֻ
ַͲһˣһλǻֱ治ħ
㡭Ƭ磬Ҳ˵ƿߣ
ףҲ֪ƿߣ
ַ嵹ЩɣԨ֮Ҷ֪ƿߣοħԷ֪ƿߣһҲϡ档
ôƿߣƿߵĳ֡
ħɲ·ܾһ㣬ޱȾȵַ壬¶֮ɫ
ɲôķӦַһ⡰ƿߡ壬֪ħɲӦ֪
ŵĻԣܷӳҵ棿
ַ帺ֶĿħɲ棬¶Է޾ηħַҲη塣
Уһ׵ƿһУ
ѣ
ħɲһŭϵޱȿ񱩣ŻҪ˺Ĥƿ棬
ҵ𵴣ƾħɲα񱩵޼£Ĥʼ޷˺ѡ
ƿߣƿߣôܣƬ磬ôƿߣ
ɲ·ţǰʵȴɲš
ַ壬пƿߣ
ˣǾͽɡ
ַһ֣˷ʦԼͳͳħɲϣ¶Էթ־Ϊ˻ʥ𣬵־ַѹˣҪնɲӡǣͲʲô¡
ɲöħȴûпһ
ַ壬û뵽ƿߣô֪ħǿ󣿹ҵħթ⣬һԣǾǲ
ԶҲ޷ɱңΪÿħħ統УһħѪӡǡһǲѪӡǾͻĻָֻһЩˡͲһˣƿߣϢһΰħޱȵĸˡʱ㽫ԴԴϵħ׷ɱֱ׽նɱ
ɲɫƺѾ޼ַ塣

ַ嵹˵ħȷвôҲ޷ɱû뵽ְ취һѪӡǣ»ָ
ֶΣֱδš
ַܿƺ뵽ʲô
ôıԴ̺˿ֲʧԳܵĵز㽫ܳʱ䶼Իָˡ
ַɲţԷĲ²Ҳһд۵ġϾɲ֮ڣ̺˿ֲһʧ˵ôɣ
ɱңûôף
ɲһŭʼͣתۼͷϳǣ³һļ̣ͬһ»һԳ򣬻Ľʲ㣬һŵļͬһѻϡ
ɢһɿڿֲаϢ
ħ̬
ħһֳ̬ǻʥļµĸоͷ·ѹһ
ƺħоη塣
ϵѹƣħǳ˻ϢĵֻһУ磬ĵˡ
꣡
ɲֳħɸߣأһץĹ򶼱
ô˿̵ɲλʥ𣬿λʥ𶼲Ƕ֡
Ҳ˶ѣɲ׼ƴϧʩչħҲνˡ
𣡡
ַֻһƣʱն·һӵߵ˹һ»Ϊһֻ޴ƣǵأݺһ¡
ħ
ɲŭһͬСһ㣬˫ֺݺһУҪնסһ㡣
۵ˡ
أ
ջľ޴ƣûκͣͣݺݵȥħɲҲ̲סҽһֲħʹ˻Ϊ촷ۣ֮С
ƿߣű磬û֮
ɲлصֻƺһ˿ʡ


1171 ħ磡
ɲˣôģҲı䲻ʵַλƿǰܹݷʦƵ磬ħɲƺҲһ
ɲħȻɢΪ֮С
ˣ
֮΢΢ţĸϵǿ֮Уɲħľͳͳա
ɲħںв֪ɱ˶ٸ磬֪˶ٷ籾Դ˵Ҳʮݡ
ˣնɲһħַõ籾ԴֱԼ
¡¡
šţţõ˺籾ԴַҲУ粻һȫȫȫλ
汾ԴԽǿôҲԽѹס硣
ַûеõô籾ԴԴ֮һֱڣַ۵汾ԴҲԶԶûնһħࡣ
ħʲô׶񼫣ַ˵ÿһħħһƶıԴ⡣
ַ廹ڵԺںҲ磬պô죿
ڿһħջ񣬼ֱһƵ綼Ҫöࡣ
ôӴıԴ㹻ַ彫涼һĵزҪʱ䣬ַǡǡͲȱʱ䡣
˻ΣɲħնɱˣʱûΣˡ
ַħöԸ
ħɲᵽġƿߡƺħһЩϵ
ƿߡħʲôϵ
ַͷԺ˸ָͷȻ˳˼

ħ磬بãã֮Уһ޴ĳǱʵϣħǳӴ൱ϰٸͨ硣
ʱħ磬ʮħҽħĹУԼһŭĺ

ʮħħУѪˮԼ۳һӰϵϢǳ΢ƺһᴵɢ֮Ƶġ
ƿߣ
ɲͺһոմħи֮ǰħеѪ⣬ֻһ
Ҫָ۷壬ǸͲܡ
ħд꣬Ǿ͵Ҫһ籾Դǿ籾Դʱܳ嫺ħ˵ǧҵһ磬籾Դˡ
ħУµѪԼӡǣµúķǧ꣬ǿͲڣɲǼѾ۳ɲħһʱ䡣
ɲܷŭħն𣬶ĻۻΪУνһصļ¡ֻСħҵһ磬Ҳ޷籾Դ
һУƿַɵģɲȻַ֮ǡ
ɲȻװôʧһλƿߣħ磬ͱĴ¡
һϢ㱨ħصõʹٲ˵ģ˵ҲͲúķôʱĻˣܹ»ָħ
ಣ
ͻȻϤӰħǰ
ⲻɲھȻħնˣʲôʱҵħô
ɲ涪ħ
˵ǵ۾ڤλħɲǺܲԸȻһ˵Ԩ磬֮仹Ϊ⣬һЩìܡ
ڿɲôħնȻֵֻÿɲЦ
ɲĿһۣȻЦȻնħȴһΪҪܱʮ綼ûзҪöˡ
ɲ㶼⸱ģѿ֮ʮħ£ϣ㻹ôӲ
ԣħ룬ɲ߰ɡ
Цһ漴Ҳɲֱӳħȥ
ɲ˵󣬺ִܿħ
ħ磬ħΪ
ʮħ֮һӵԼħһȺħ֪˶ıԴ˶硣
ɲʮħڶħ֮һȻħڶ࣬һλħնһϡ¡
ˣʮħһʱɲ
ħɲݼʮħ£
ɲϥأ˸߰ͷ­۾ϸ߸ϵħʵϾ㿴Ҳʮħһ֮У֮ϣɢ޾䡢а졢ԵϢ
ɲΪħ˵˵ɣΪħնˣ
ħֺ룬صħڡ
ΰʮħ£ҵħ֮Անһĵطһλ׶ǵն𡣡
ûնħˣһλƿߣ
ɲûκγɣ˵֪Ϣ
䣡
ħһ㣬ϵħϵϢƲסȻ䱬˳


1172 ʮħ
ƿߣ˵ƿߣ
ħжһ˿ȻǼ˷ܣͲס
ɲ۾šڤħȴˡħϢй¶һ㣬Ƕ·ҪϢһ㡣
ɲæ˵ͷħ£ǧȷѾϣƿߣοƿߣ˭նҵħ
ʮħϢ˳˼
ԣ磬ֻһСǧ磬һǷǳƫƧСǧ磬ôƿߵĳ֣
ѵƿ߽˺磿Ǿ鷳ȵŪƿͶжˣ
ʮħƺƿߣʹǸ߸ϵħҲӡħ綼ĴڣȳһСǧ绹ǧ磬Ǵ˵еĴǧ磬ħӰ
ħʹŻ𣬴š
ͬ磬ƿҲĴڣǡǡħ෴ƿ
ħƿߣУСǧ絽ǧ磬ٵǧ磬ߵӰͣս
ƿ磬ȥҪ绹Ҫƿߵ磬ܵƿߵıӻⱻħ룬˱Դ
ħǿ籾ԴƿߵҲ⡣һλƿߣħ˵Ǿζʮݡϰٷݵ籾Դ
һλħƿ˵ͬζź籾Դ˫ɱϣ綼ȼս
Ŀǰ磬ֻһƫƧСǧ磬ħҲŸսûж೤ʱ䣬ҲͰҡ
ƿߣһûг֡
ʮħ£˽λƿַ壬²ƿߣһλ֮ǰڻ֮У׶ǡ
ţȴƿߣ˼ʵ̫˼ˣҪôǻƿߵĴУҪôԼһһ̤ƿ֮·ǰһֵҲˣʲôǺһ֡
뵽ħ˼âһλԼ̤ƿ֮·ߣպضܹΪƿеǿߡں統Уʮа˾ŻƻħǶԺĲʳ
ȻؼԭһλԼƿ֮·ߣꡢ籾ԴȵȣŶܹ֮ɣ˵ħ棬ֱɼʮϰ籾ԴҪõöࡣ
۾šڤɲһҵǸַƿߣǿԼ̤ϵƿ֮·ǾͽŴƿӴǾɱˣŹ
ǣħ¡ɲħ٣;桭
ɲȥħУһħ֮ģָʵ
ɲдϲǿħ֮İħ֮ģħָܹܿʵȻʧȥʮıԴʵ϶ԶԶȲ۷ʱڣҲ㹻ˡ
ħ£ַħӡӲƿߣƺѾ磬ʵǿЩ鷳
ɲһ۵۾ڤȻ˵ʵ̫Σҵַ壬ȴַնħǲЦ
ҲԣһλƿߡһѪ⣬Σʱ̣ûǸƿߡ
ɲæͷӦҪľħѪ⣬½ֻһѪ⣬ħһʵİٷ֮һ
ҲħĻԸһֻƿߣ㹻ˡ
ˣ°ɡϣǵĺϢ
ħ˻֣¡
۾ڤЩģжɲΪף˿ɲΥħ
۾šڤʮħҡʱӦѾ׻ָˡ
ߣ
һҲֱת뿪
ɲȴ˿⣬۾Զãã򣬵૵ƿַ壬նħ֮𣬺ܱܿˣܿ졭

ããһâţһӴ磬˲ںС
¡¡
ضɽҡ綼ھҵš
ˣѾŲ˳
ַ忴ӰһѾ̤˻֮УλʥҲϸӦһȷںС
ƺûʲôʥϸһӦȴεĿЦֻؽûˣڲϵɢ֮СԽԽٱ
ֻؽ磬ڸ˵Ҫĸ
ֻϧַܹŲƳȴ޷ΪҲһֻؽ硣Ϊֻؽ磬ѾֻؽںΪһ壬ѷֱ˴ˣַƿߣҲԷ롣
ৣ
ַֻܽŲƽ档һ棬ڣͲܣַҲûа취
ħΣʱַҲֻ֪ʱ
ħֻɲһкܶħһ٣ַ彫൱Σաֻǣ綼Ųƽ棬ããַȥ
ںˣʵ̫Σˣ˭֪ܲħңںĿĵˣһ磬Ҳ̫ѡ
ֻȥʱ֮ˡ
ַѾ˾Ϊ֮ƣֻȥʱ֮š


1173 ħ
ַѾҪȥʱ֮ţȴ⣬ЩΡ
ʱ֮ŵĴҵУڻ֮С
ַ浱С
ַҪڵĴǰʱ֮ţǾ͵÷磬档
⼸һѭ
ַ廹뵽һֿܣ񷵻ʱ֮ţͨʱ֮ڵĴ󣬴ͻػ磬᲻ֱӴ͵ַ浱У
ַϸӦò̫ܡ
ȻĴ棬߱˼ֱӴ͵浱УЩ˼ʱ֮ڵĴ󣬸޷á
ַ岻֪ηػ磬ͷۣδŻ磬ʱ֮ţ
Բô󣡡
ܿ죬ַ뵽һ취Ǿںвô󡣵ַʱ֮ڷصʱʵĴ㣬һеĴƻҲܹóһһģһĴ
ǲóַҲܲףо˺ܳһʱ󣬵ҲֻԶƤëֻ«ˣԭַҲ
Ѿķ룬Ͼû˵ĸںд
ַվںУʼóһϣЩϼ󣬵ַλƿǰȴͲʲô
ĵرֿɵá
ΪԷһַҲóһԵҲ˵һַͨôͻԻ٣κκۼŴ͵ʱ֮С
ܿ죬ɣڵһģһֻ޹ؽҪĲ֣޸һ㡣
ַҲûаա
ϣܳɹͰɡ
ַ˿̤뵽С

ˣ
ַ󣬶ʱһȦȦסַ壬ȻԼʱյһʱյסַ壬˲ʧ
󣬺еϣҲѸٻΪ촷ۣûκһ˿ۼ
ৣ
Ҳ֪˶ãܳʱ䣬ֻһɲǡ
޴ʱ֮ǰַЩĵĴһ˿ܣȷȷʱ֮ǰ˿
ãá
ַĴ˿һԭλʱ֮ŸĴ󡣵ȴ޷󡣿¾Ϊַڣ޷ӦȻ޷ˡ
Ҳ˵뿪ʱ֮ţ¸޷Ŵ󷵻ص֮С
ûзʱ֮ţǸ磬Ȼô棬ôʱ䣿
ַѾɣǲʲôˡʱӡǣܳʲô£˼ʱӡǣʱ֮żɡ
ôʱ䣬ûмʱӡǷأȷе㷴
˽ʱճӣɴѡһ硣ʵѾκһˡȥҲ޷ɣ㲻ȫɣҲҪҵ񡣡
뵽ַҲԥ˿ֱӿʱ֮š
ৣ
ַʱ֮ţ뵽ʱճ֮УһΣƺǰŽȻͬĸܡǰΣַ嶼ʱճţֿܵҲֵֻܵһȫֵ
ȴһˣٴνʱճӣַȴ·˴һʱճСΡͲ
οɵѡˣȻҪѰǾ͵һ磡
ַ嵱úǱһȥˣҪҵ񣬾͵ýһ硣
ɣ⾿һ磿
ַ˿һ٣һ磬Ӱ˲ûС

ΰ֮֮˹ԸԼ˹սʤаĵˡ
ַ磬ûϸ۲ʱƺ˷ͺһϵڻš
ֵַλãɽ֮Уܶûʲôǻټȴɴ
޾֮ͷ·һ㣬ܵȼ
ַľһɨܿ죬ֻһƬ½һСƬ硣Լһǿġų֮С
˵֮С
ΰ֮֮˹ߴڣе磬еϵ
ڣλϵoȴ·ž޴вȻͬʱ֮
ԶԶʥȫһ
ַ̧ͷ͸ıݣΰԼĵˡɢ䡢аϢڲ籾Դ
ħħѾħ֣ǿڣ˹Ѿħսˣ
ַ˿ôû뵽ոսһİ磬Ȼٴħ


1174 ջ飡
ħ
ַ˿֪ħħ֮ݲ綼ΪһƬšĵԨ磬ͱħݻˣΪŵ磬ֻǳ¡
Ļ磬ַĻҲᲽԨĺ󳾡
ˣַնħɲħȴɶħܼɵ
ַ循ǣеħȻתʧӰ٣ƺ˹Ӳƴһǣûռʲôˡ
ħ˹˼ħֵ£ԴûбɣҲһ漣ˣ粻򵥣
ַ޵Ϣܿ͵ó˽ۡ磬ºܲ򵥡֮ҪѰҵ񣬿񵽵ıʲôһֱûзʱ֮š
ַûóȻþѰң֮ǰĸӦƬ˹½һ֮֡Ӧþǰ˹ųƻ֮
óȻþڶԷ֮Уױ
һڰ˹չʵҲûʲôãƬ磬Ǳ׵磬ֻ߸ϣһܡ
Ҫҵ񣬻ǵôӡ顱֡
˹֮ôãʹ㿪ʼɡ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ˻Ϊһ⣬ʧʡ

һۼĹһݵŮűɴŽŽˮУˮһζţŮȴûκһ˿ЦݣüĿ䣬һ˿ݡ

һȵĿϯ˼ϳų򣬵ȫľ顣Щǻ澫飬ǻ֮˹ôĻʹõ궼Ϊᶨʥꡣ
ΰĻ֮£аħѾˣϵ飬رýթħ뵽֮УӶ磡
ħսѾ꣬԰ټƣҪȥô
Ůҡҡͷƺ¶һ˿֮ɫǻ֮˹ֻһλλˣڿϵ
ҪսΪսֻ鲻ֻҪһλͽĴڣ鶼Զħȴûκơ
ˣսڳ·顣
ҿ԰Զս
Ȼһİ˰˹ĶС
˹͵תȥһʵӣһͷƮݵĺڷг֮е
ţϵϢܶأûκϢ㲻
˹͵һ̿İ˵ݡ
磬Ѿ鶼ת뵽֮С֮ûСˣÿһλĶϢΪ飬ȻԺ׵ķֱϢ
ƫƫǰӣϲûκϢ
Ǿֻһֿܣ
磬ԴħֺҲûмкܶࡣ
һ£ҽַ壬²Ҳ
ַĿһ۰˹Ǽ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ûڷҵĵһʱϵϵ˵ӦԸһҵĻţȷѡ񡣡
˹ûеһʱϵ飬ֻϸڵľٶʵѾ¶˰˹ʵ뷨
ѾÿնǻԵħսˡ
˵˵ĻҲϵϵ飬ħ綼ռˣοһ
˹ҲԼĽ
ħ֣ͬҲڶ۽硣֪粻Ψһ硣
˹ֻһλλħڵϵͻᱻڻңħսӦ֪ǻʲô³˺ѣҲ䡣ԶսһĻǸ߸ϵ飬𣿶ңܸĻ
ַй¶һϢıֳһƬ޴ӰԼзʦȵϢ
ֻһϢȴ˺˰˹ð˹𾪲ѡ˿ֲЩħ޼ˣ˹ˡ
㡭㵽˭Ҫ֪ٵĿħв˭ħĶ֣
˹ڲˡַʵ𺳡
ħôѾǵһħˣһΣնһħ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣһ֣նħɲĻҲֳ֮¶ڰ˹ǰ
ˣǾħӵױȵΣˣնħֻҪҵ棬㽫Զսعƽ
ַͷ·ջСñһһһջŰ˹֪˹ڶҡˣ飬ַջҲ޷޶ԡ
Ϊ飬䡣ַ˵һУƺôð˹ҡǣַ廹չܹʱ뿪
뿪磬뿪գ뿪ս
һʱ䣬˹еƽƺҲַ壬ȷе˵ȶ˹һС


1175 磡
ҪЩʲô
˹˿Ѿַȫ۷ˣֱַܷ˵Ǽ١ַղţʵַҲмƭ˹һλ
ȷһλλ񣬳ʵ൱ڻˣƿһ֮Ķ٣ʵĸߵ͡
ַûֱӽ˹뵽浱УΪҪһŶӣεĶ統УΪĶĿ
ңַóȻŪ̫Ķء統УħַҲò
֮
ȴܶ԰˹ʲôǣ˰˹ǰ漴һָ˰˹Ķͷϡ
䣡
˹·𡰿ˣһƬޱ޼ʵ棬һЩǿʢ̶ȣ硣
޾ƬзϢ
һӰһΰӰبǿ֮УƬ棬Ƭס
𺳣ĵ𺳡
ˣƿص磬ԺҲŲƽ統Уܰƽ
ַȻΪ尬˹ð˹֪ġжôĿֲͬʱҲǸ˰˹һϣ
𾴵ĸ񣬰˹߾ɸ񣡡
˹׵ˣΪĸ߹ͷ­֪һ˿˿֮ȻҲַϡ
ţ֮ǰ˹ϵģ
Ϊһ飬ֻλ飬һĳλ飬֮൱µģ˹֮еͽ԰˹֮Ҳоųɷֵַϡ
ǿ齨ϵԭ򣬲齨һӴܹѹ
ֻϧ齨ϵ飬Ҳѵõͬȫλָ
ַû뵽ġջ󡱣Ȼð˹Ⲣǻ£һϷݣǾ飡
˹һɡǹ˹ħ£ҺܸȤ
˹Ѿַ壬Ȼַ֪޲ԡ
ԭ磬ǰҲǻϡΪ֮ϵ飬ڲϷսͼ飬ôͽӶո֮
Ҳ飬ҲǺɵ顣ֻҪﵽһÿλԵȼ𣬽Ϊ顣
ͽĶ٣֮Ķ٣֮ϸ֡ΪλλλԼ
磬ﵽ˿µʮλУ˹ʵҲֻˣ˹ͨͬǿ
˹ս̲һһϵӶջ˴Զһ
ˣʮλ֣Ҳη˹
ʱħ˹ˡħ˹٣ıԴֻλ񡣾ֻҪͽĴڣԶȴ˹ᡣ
˹沢Щħܵͽ飬ǣһλһλΪͽ˹ȫ̽գת˹ˣЩʧȥͽʧȥ֮Ҳȥˡ
̶ʱڣ˹ͻ񣬳ΪΨһҲӵͽǿĵز
ħ˹ڿʼʱռһЩƣ˹Ұ齫ǻȫת֮С
ʱ˹ܽյ֮ǣΪΨһ˹ħ˹Ҫֲ
żҰ˹һδҳħսҲû·硣ˣսʱ䣬ħ˹Ҳٳ޷ıԴ
ԣֻҪ˹һգħռʲôˡ
˽⵽ַ壬Ҳɵþ̾Ƕ˹ַŨҵȤ
ħ򽻵٣Ҳ֪ħ֮ݲ綼ˡ˵ֿܵħġ
˹ˣ
˹ȻܿŻ֮Ұħթû˿֮أӶħչս˿·硣
Ҳ辶赲ħĽŲ˹ܲ򵥡
Ҫ֪ǵĻ磬ҲħƵͶ·ǲòŲƽַڣΪַһ֣ܻħҲԶʧȥ
һٻһ硣ְ취˹磬Ȼ޷ƿߣܵѾܶˣ٣һħ⣬⡣
ַȴ֪ħɲֻһħ˹̣ûϵħ
гһգħ˹ʧȥģϵħʱɾ鷳ˣ֮֡
ֻн뵽浱Уܱ类ħơҪտƾ˵˹ǿɲס
ַԺͷ֪Ҫ˵˹ףݹ˹ΪһȨǿңҰļ顣
ֻ˹ʵûϣпϣΪһ֡


1176 ߣ
˵˹Ǻβһ˹˵ԼΪ˹ΪΨһ񣡡
ַԺͷײбŷ˳
ڣַԺоͳһ󵨡˼ͷ
Ϊⲻǻʲô
ַȴ·ͷв԰Ρ
Ȼ˹ܴһͨλã磬ַΪβܣ
磬ΨһֻҪ֮ԴԴϵ֮ҲǲܳΪ
˹֮ܲܳΪ񣿻˵ܻܲ˹ƿ磿
ַ˹ʵ
˹ɫú֣ǻش𾴵ĸܻһܹΪ˹һ˹ͽȥ˹ȻҲȥʧˡ
ԭˡ
ַ˵ͷȻ
磬Ȼ֮ΪǾܳΪΨһסң粻ͬΨһף֮ܵɲ١ȻƿߣʵҲ߱ƿߵļʵ
˵ƿмƵĵط
ַҪ˹Ϊ񣬵룬־ò̫ס˹ǻ֮ǻ棬޷ĵģɾޡ
һλ֮޷õͬ
Ȼ˹Уַ͡족һλ飬ܹõ޴ڣͽ顣
ַڤ˼룬ͨʲôƸȨƣ£
ͳͳǡĪȨˣΪҪӳ޾ƸˣҲø
˵ҪᣬҪסᡣ
ûлȥû˻ȥ

ַԺ˸һͨĿ鶼ֻҪûвܹġ
ַѯʰ˹磬ûκһλǡ֮񡱡Ͼ磬κһλ飬ҪȼҪΪ飬Ƕְ
һλְ;ÿ£λ˶ǸͲܣˣȻҲû֮
ȴַᣬΪַ岻һ
˲˵ȴܣ棬ֻؽ磬ֻҪߣҿԽκһ˵ꡢ䶼ֻؽͷųֻذҲʲô䣬ǲ൱𣿡
ַ𶯣ǾһϵҲܽÿͼ䶼ͷų
ְַȴûκ⣬ֻҪл
ߣ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ֪磬һ𣬾ͽ׸ıˡ
˹ҲһͻȻַܵϣһصĲеϢַΪˣ
˹ɻʱԺַ
ߣ
˹һ
ַȻϵҪ֪һϵõְǾζţһְܹ֮¡
Ҳ˵ַ˵õ
ǰ˹һҲҲɣַٶȼͽȻ䣬Ѿתַλ֮ˡ
ܺãϵһλλˣ֮˹
ַ˹
ߣ
ʱ˹ͽ˲ַ壬ڰ˹ϵһԱˣͽûʧǿͬʱ֮ġ
ͽӼᶨ
̶̵ʱڣַ͸оڱǡܣôĿ죬ôãЩס
ȷǻʵ
һַѾ֮һϵϵ
ҪţǾֻܷս˹ȥɣԿϵս֮ϵȿϵµ;֪У
ַ˹´
ǣΰؽ磬ԡٹ֮£Ϊҳϵͽ
˹˸ſ֮ɫλ֮Ѿȫˣַð˹ȥư˹κԥ
Ŀ֮ǿͳ׵
ȥɣḳ޵е
ַһ֣ð˹ȥ֪սһ֮սǱضǼпģϵֻҪǲر𣬰˹һʧܡ
ⳡ֮սȻûпʼȴѾע˽֡


1177 ֮
Ѫ֮񣬺
ְôߴϡѪȣʵϣѪֻ֮һλ飬ΪְĹϵĳλλְƣˣܵѹĺܼѡֻͶϵ˿ϵıӻ
ڿϵУһֱںĲ㣬ں֮⣬ˣôȥˣҲûӶʵڵ鶼ԶҪٵöࡣ
ʱǸͷħŰǹϵҵһͻᱻڻ
ףĵλﶼǡڻҡħŰ˻˻ƶ𣬵ȴԶ
ڣҲѾûҰģֻžӪԼһЩͽǿ֮
Ѫ֮Ҫͽɲס
οһڵտƲãɱ¾ôͽòʧҲǺĿ֮
¡
Ȼоζһ£Ϊ֮Ȼ֪ô¡
֮˹㵽ڸʲô
ܿ͡һϤӰͬڿϵλ˹ͬ˹νǿϵġϵˣ֮Ҳ԰˹Ρ
ˣ֪˹ڹԼѡá
˹˿̣ԡſֲĻ棬һ˿˿֮ע뵽˻֮Уʹܵȼš
ƾԶȺҪǿȻλ񣬵λ֮Ҳвġ
˹Ӹ£û˿ĸ飬Ѫ֮ΰ֮ǰߣѡҪôϵҪô̤ᣬ䣡
˹Ļúһ𣬷·һ㣬ͳ˵˹ȻͶϵƺ飬ô֮񣿹ʲô֮񣿡
ѡ翹ˣ޴˰Զ֪ΰ󣡼ˣǾ̤ɣ
˹һŭ𣬶ʱϵĻܵȼ֮ͬսһ㣬˲䱬
¡
ֻǵڶ˹Ѿ˺˺
ô
ȫˣ˹ʵģλˡ±Ҫǿһ㣬Ҳǿޡ
أ˹ʵȻɱô֮඼ǿͽҪһλͽôĲװڵĿͽҲֻλˡ
Ű˹˺˺ʱԴԴϵĻȼգŵǰ˹ߣ
֮ս˹ʵԶԶǿںȻѾ˺˺ôԸ׵öࡣ
أ
ͼ赲˹˲ͱ˹ȭ򱬣ȫûеֿ֮֮սף֮ᡣ
ֻҪһͽͲ
ܿ۳Ű˹ŭ˹ɱңֻҪһλͽԶɱңҵҹȥ
ĳ׷ŭˣȫ֮ҵĶͬ޴ѹһ㣬żŰ˹
˹ȴΪϵ֮ԽԽŨԼһɫĹâ
⡭ʥͽܣһλλôᵮʥͽ
ˣʥͽʵҲͽȴΪȵͽȿͽӡҪΪʥͽǾȫȫ飬Ը⽫ԼһУĸԸķ׸顣
ͽֱָһֻЩλ񣬾£ϵĻ֮ϵͽпܵʥͽҲָ
λ񣬻ԵɺϣˣҲܵһλʥͽ
λǼܵʥͽ
ڣʲôʥͽֹһλʥͽ

Ȼһ̾ţ˹Ŀȣ󣬽߳һİӰ
ӰɢŨ֮Ũʲô̶ȣǲһλʥͽʮλϰλʥͽ
λҲӵôʥͽ
㡭㵽˭
ȻЩļ£Ѿڿ־ˡ
Ѫ֮ҺᣬὫ֮·֮ң
Գơ֮񡱵飬һһͷ·һ㣬ƺĪջһúнķ˷
˭
Ҳ̶֪ʱڣ֮ڵͽѾıȥ֮ˡ
ͨģԵֿ
Ѫ֮ݼ񣡡
֮ḧźͷʱػͷ·һӻȻһˡ֮񡱣Ϊϵĵڶλ顣


1178 ֮ս
ַں֮С
źΪϵеַо֮˲䱩Ȼ֮ڵȲϰ˹ڵҲࡣ
Ȼλˣλǿ󡣿֮ǹؼأṩ֮ľʥͽöһЩʥͽˡ
ַţĺȴ൱
ʥͽǿʥͽλ֮Ϊ䱦ʥͽʮһ˲ˡַأ
ϵҲżʱ䣬һ¶ûУʥͽȴʮλѪ֮ͽôʥͽδԤһٴӭһα
ʮλҲ򲻹һλλ񣬵Ϊһϵ񣬶ӵڶʥͽµַɾͲһˡ
ͨ˵ʵ̫󣬴Ѵ֮ҲΪˣַáΪͽʥͽҲͲʲôˡ
ֻǣַɾ̫ˣĿɲʲôλλҲ񣬶ϵ
ϵҪ̵ʱڣϯС
˹ʮ֮ڣϵϵÿ֮У鶼ԡٹ֮¡
ַ¶˾ġ
ΰ񣡡
λλһݣ˿Ƕַλ֮񣬶ַаΥ
˹ͺܿ뿪ˣַ򾲾յУҪоһ֮
ָоƺ֮Ĺؼ̺ء

𣿰˹
ˣͳͳˣ˹ұΰĿ֮񣿡
ΰĿ֮һ𣬽ճɻҽ
˹ޱ飬Ѿһһλͳͳڿ֮ϵˣҲͬȫѻϵ顣
һʱ֮䣬ϵĴ̣ƺÿһλ鶼Ĳѡ
ϵ
ô֮ܵ񣿡
һǺ밬˹ҰĲ׫飬⴫翵ǻᱻͽ֮գܾĥ
ϵʣµ飬񶾵Ű˹ƺûʲôáڶ̶̵ļʱ밬˹ֱѾһһ顣
Щ飬󲿷ֶתͶ֮񣬽ϵֻкһ֣Ϊָԭ򣬲ϱѿ֮񣬽˺ѣͽתΪ֮ͽ
ٲֵĿͽԸı˹¾һգЩֿ䡣
ʱ䣬Ȼ˼λ飬ǲ˼顣ⲻΪħ䣬ս䡣
ΰĿ֮񣬿ǵϵ鷳а񴫲аһʳǵΰĿ֣֮аܣϵһƬ
ԣаŰǾϢ
֮սѾ죬аóѣѾʧ֮һˣϵҲ᧿Σ
ڿ֮֮ڣϵ鶼ڴĳšа񡱣ʵϣڿ־壬־аǵ֮д
Ͼа񴫲̲סҪȥ̽οͨεֵ
֮һλԡڻ֮еĸߴˡԿĿϵȻֻһСϵȴѪ
֮κƻϵ
λаѾսǾӭսɡǵа񣡡
֮վҲһ̴еͽ
а񣡡
ͽԼÿ֮ϵٶȱλһܴ֮ʮλ
λλĲ࣬
ڶҲˣλ֮аٹ죬ջΣھԵǰһжûκ塣
䣡
ʱ֮ȴҵ͵̧ͷĳ򣬻ûг׷Ӧʱǵڶκ

ڣ˺ˣ֮񶨾һԺ˹Ϊ׵飬ѾתͶ֮£ΪϵһԱ
Ŀ֮񰡣Զ֪ΰ֮жôǿͼս֮ߣؽ޼ҲлᣬͶ
˹˵

Ҳͬ󣬻ʮλ飬ҲĬĬ߽˿֮֮Уûһ˿η֮ɫ
෴˶ޱȵĿȣϵ֮Ũ֮λλļµĵز


1179 ţϯ
˹ѱ񣬽޼֮࣡
֮ɫ࣬ôҲһϵ˿ϵû뵽µ׷ױѣֱǴ档
Ǳλ֪֪ᱻЦá
ڰ˹֮Ѿɱ⣬Ҫɱλ飬ݻλÿһλͽλĺۼ䳹ʧ
֮Ѿͷˣŵýѣ
˹һȵı飬֮Ҳ˵ˡ̵е֮˱һȼյĻˣļӳ֮£Ʊ
λ޿ƥУ
˹Ҳ¶һ˿صı飬Ҳֻذˡ

˵߶ţʱ֮У·ͽš֮񡱣һɫĹâҫ˵ϡ
Щɫâʵʰ֮ʥͽṩ
䣡
֣ݺݺ˿֮񣬶ʱֲನ˷ɢȥ޾Ļš
˹ȴֻ˼֮ȴ˲䱬ѣȻһ˲ͱָݻ
ôܣλӵʮλ飬ӵʮͽ׵ͽΪṩ֮ôܻܣ
֮ʵ벻ͨ˹ˣֻλˡ¸֮񣬸ͶϵҲһֵ֮زƺӵλ
ʵ̫ˣλλ񣬱׼жкܶ࣬϶һģǾͽһҪ࣬ṩ֮һҪ㹻
˵ͽûӶٵ£ʵܹͻͽ
ʥͽ
֮۳һһ䣬˵۾ĶŰ˹Ŀ˸һ˿˿ľâ
ʥͽˣǰ˹Ǻ֮һɫĹâֱҫ۲ˡ
Ǿʥͽṩ֮
ʥͽҪԲԶһλʥͽṩ֮һͽ֮
ͽ֮ѾܶܶˣԶһͽҪһλʥͽǶǧѡ
˭뵽˹ͽУȻ˶ʥͽǿ϶ǰеģ̶̵ʱڣ˵ͽ֮вŵôʥͽ
Ǽʮʮϰٸʥͽ
ֹģͽλҲ޼ӵ˴ģʥͽ
ⲻǰ˹ģֻص֮񣬴飬п֮ʥͽ
Ҫ֮񣡡
Ȼ֮˵ʵѾҡˣ˹ˣӵ֮ʥͽĶҡˣЩĽ
֮ˣ˵ϵˣһĿɿڴŰ˹ϵĽɫâĿ¶̰֮ɫ
ʥͽǿǴʥͽ˹תͶ֮Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ӵڶʥͽתͶϵҲӵôʥͽࡣ
ջκ¶Եֿ
Ҫң
֪ʲôʱһλ¶ԡŨɫԵİ飬˽
ݼ񣡡
˹ʮλ飬׷׵ͷΰݣĿǳ羴֮ɫ
֮񣿡
֮Ŀɿڴ۾ˣ֮Ӱǲ˼ı顣⻹ǡϹ۾
ֻ֮ϣǽ֮ͬٲһ㣬ͣ
Ũ֮ѾʵˣöλʥͽʮλλǼǧλ
ֱ˭ܹôʥͽֱ˼顣
֮ᣬ;ĺӣҪִԲˣռĿ꣬ᣬһж⣬κνѣᣬͿ
ص֮񣬻˵ַ壬һֱЦУڽɫ֮£ƺޱȵʥ˰ġ
ǿ֮λ־ޱȵļᶨһ̣ҲҡˣѾ֪һЩϸ΢ı仯
ƺŵĻѾҪУȼ𣬻ôͽΪ
ֻҪ֮ôĿʹˣԽˡ
ģ֮񳹵׷еǣ׵֮񡣲ңÿ֮񣬾ȻһӾתΪ˿ͽڿͽУڲϵţгһճΪʥͽҲǲܡ
֮֮񣬿ϵ飬λŹǧѷĻ᣿ǣǶ׷תͶϵ
ӴˣҲûпϵȴһǿϵ
ַ֮˲䱩ǼҲ¶һ˿ЦݡϵţԶԶлҪ˳
ʱˣϵϯ磡
ôͽ˿ϵ¾ַԼҲûʶϵŻô˳ٶȻô죬ֱ̫ˣÿôڿ֮Ѿﵽλ۷塣
λַҲսһʵôףֱַ徭κһʵҪ׵Ķࡣ
ַһϵΪѾӵ˴ģչĻ
Ŀջ磬һûֹܹϵˡ
ϵϯ磬ָտɴ


1180 ݷĻ
Ը
һӴ֮УһŽţ»ӿĳˮУ֣ɢźϢʥ߹
Ů㵽ҵ֮УΪ£
Ը֮ϣ۾Ŀһ˿ɻ
Ůɲһ飬һλλƹλ飬Ӵλ֮һ
ԸҲԸ磬һλ飬Ըְһһپ̳Ϊλ֮һԸϵǷǳϵͽǳ֮ߣʱ̣̺ܶǳȲϵȴҲκϵСԸϵ
ԸǰԸİ
ŶúŮҲҪҰæ˵ɣҪͶŮݣ
֪Ը֪һϵϵڶ̶ʱڣϯϵλΪϵơ鶼תͶϵڶ̶ʱ䣬ûҵλϵϵȴСңְ̫֮ˣпа񣡡
а񣿡
ԸһݣѾʱ䣬Ȼ֪а񡱵ĺ塣νġа񡱲ķǳаҪ֪ϵ֮Уɲ֮ɱ¾֮֮ȵȡǶûбΪа
һΪаǾζĵˣ볹׵𣬲κϵΧа
Ҳ˵νġа񡱣Ǵ˴󲿷棬Ӷų⡱顣
Ը˵ϵҲֻ²зչôһ֮񣬾ͳа
ƺԸɻ󣬺Ů͵Ըϵɲô򵥡ٶ֮죬ֱ˼ԷһЩ֮У͵´ͽ֮񡣶ң˵֮Ŵʥͽİ취аȻҪġ
Ըˣϵ̫죬Ѿ˴󲿷λļɵң˵֮Ŵʥͽܣ͸۲ˡ
ɵ̰Ȼλ֣׼ָϵõ֮ʥͽܡ
ˣʲôʱ֣
ԸҲ֪ϣһҪֵĺϵһ£ϡϾĸǳĿǰҲֻǿϵɰˡ
ܺãԸܼ룬ٺòˡԸϵĿǰȫ򺮱ϵĿǰ֮Ѿϵң׼󣬽뺮ֽ֮ϵ
ãһǰϵ
ǣ˵Ů뿪Ը
źŮ뿪ıӰԸղһЦݣȴĳƺ˼
ô꣬ȼ𣬽ԸϵָԸϵΪϯ磬Ϊû뵽ħԸϵԵĶ̰壬Ҳ޷ٷչ׳ˡоһ֮ѡ뿪ɣ㷵ʱ֮ţصȥһ
Ը˵Ժͷս¶˾ġ磬ѰһԵģΪףʥ
ֻǣҪΪ񣬺ѣĿǰڡʵѾߵ˾ͷλѾǼˡ
֮񣬲֪ʲôˣȻְ˳˳ˮչ˵ϯ磬˹Ϊֻϧǲ֮Ļᡭ
纣Ůλ񣬴ŴӴϵѾ֮Ϊа񡱣Ǿζţ֮Ѿߵĩ·ûκϣˡ

ԭ֮ıʣȻ̺һ˿˿籾ԴҲ˵ıԴʵ
ַһ˿ɫ֮˿ɫ֮һλʥͽṩλʥͽһλλ顣
Ϊʥͽǿɲټַȴӵ鶼Ϊʥͽ
ڲͬʥͽ۳ַ֮ڷ֮ıʣȻıԴ
ѹ֣ħ޷ıԴԭıԴ֮СҲ˵֮˹󲿷ֵıԴ˹൱˱Դ
ַԺԽԽѾıʡ
ҲħѰĵط˹Ŵ󲿷籾ԴʵԶԶκһλ׼ڡ
Ըħûκη塣
ħթУʵô󡣻ħ˹սԭ
ħ˹ûʲô̫İ취˹Ҳûа취նħ˫ֻܽ֡
ǻ֮ҲͳΪϣΨһ񣡵ʱƿ籾Դ粢棬Ѵ֮Ϊ־־֮ĳ̶ֳϣܴ־
ַپǰһ
޾лǧٹ֣ʲô綼Сȷ֮Ҳ޷ħԿôʱ䡣
ΰԤ֪Ůɱ¾֮֮ȵλѾ뿪Ӫź֮ȥĿ꣬пܾ
ַ֮ǰλλԴ֮ǿͽʵѾɲ⣬ϵַǿ顣
ַŲߣ᲻֪֡ʽţһλ񲻰ϵţˣһֱÿ֮Щλ
ַµλᶯ֣ûµλȻô࣬Ҷô죬ƺĳڲ֡
ַ˵ٶλҲѾû̫塣
Ҳգôʱ䣬ȻѾ˽ıʣǾͲݷˡٺ٣λһɶӵӴϵǣͿ󲿷ֵԼͽ˹û˹ʲôҲǡ
ַ建˸ʵʰĽ⣬һַ̣Ұı¶šʲôħʲôʲô飬ͳͳûзС
ĿֻһǾ磡


1181 
֮֮Сϵ飬Ҳȫٻأ˺֮⣬鶼֪սᷢľʡ
ֻ֪ϵҪԺϵܹһ䣬ѿϾϵͷ̫ʢ˲֪ϵǶΣ
ֱ֮޿ײ룬һ֮УܿͻӿȥЩǳͽ޷ֵջһĶϢıңδսȰܡ
ϵ鼴ǰ֪ʲôӦԵİ취
ǰϵͱˣʵ̫ǿˣǺϵºѵֵ
ҵ֮УѾһɵͽıȫʧأֱ֮ɶ
֮ʹޣ޿ײȣһȣ֮ͻ٣ǿǷǳġ
飬Ӵܹ֮Ϊ߸ϵ顣û֮ҲͲʲôˡ
֮ȴ򶨣˵޷վ͵֮ǰϵ»ʹ˸ˡ
֮Ļڶ΢΢һ
ǿϵѾ˰λͬѩһ֮͡ƾʲôôţ
䣡
ʱ֮ҵĻζܿ죬ͱ˺һ޴ĿӣһλλϤİ飬룬뵽˺֮С
Щ鶼һͬ㣬ǾŨ֮ǽɫߣǴ֮ʥͽ١
һλλλ
תۼ䣬֮оͼģϰλ鶼ӿ˺֮֮У㺮֮е˿Ҳû֮ǰ򶨡
ô飬Ȼ֮У֪һս˲䱻˺ѣпش
Ϊܹϵ֮ȴеһĴۡ
ӭΰ֮񣡡
飬ͷ­Ŀǿ֮ɫһ˿˿֮ܿ۳һɽһӰ֮С
֮ˣ
ַɽ˺֮󣬿˺֮Լϵ飬Ǽȴ¶һ˿Цݵ֮񣬻λλ
䣡
ַ廰£ڶһ
λλ񣿡
ѵǺ֮ĵ
ѹֺ֮ô򶨣ԭѾ֪ͨλ񡣹λ֮ξ߲ˡ
ǿɲһ֮أϰλ飬ŵô죬ıûˣ
֮ı˭˵ⳡս²ܱˣλ񶼲֣˰
鶼֪λˣϵѾλ档Ҫ֪λĶˡ
֮ǰЩԼ˹⣬λǿˡ
֮Ҳú⣬û뵽֮Ѿ֪ǸȦˣ֪ȦףȴΪζǾʵѾѷλ
ߣ֮λλ֮ĲжԶҲοΪֻһλλ񣿡
֮Цһ漴ʼλλ
ˣ
һŮպλ֮һϵŮ
ţһĸߴ󣬻ɢѪϢԼһѪģ磬ƹս飬ս֮
кڰ֮ɱ¾֮񡢷籩֮ȵȣȫλ
ˣ
һӰ˳ӰЩᣬϵϢȴ˿λ
Ը֮񣡡
˶ˡ
Ůս֮񡢺ڰ֮ɱ¾֮񡢷籩֮ԼԸ֮һλλǾʹϵ磬ϵ
ֻжԸħŻټôϵ
ڣֻΪ˶ԸϵһλλûУλλϵͬж
⻹Ǵֱʣһ㶼ûСϵ˼
Ը֮񣿻ߣɡ
ַ忴ЩλֻԸ֣֮ɫ˲൱ĹŹ֡ԭԸַ֮һֱҪѰҵ
˭뵽кպ񣬾Ȼҡһ䣬Ը֮񣿶һһλλϵ֮ƣҲŨޱȣôһλ飬Ҳֻĺۼ
񿴵֮񡱵һ̣Ҳһ𣬼Լ۾ῴ϶ῴ֮񣬾Ȼǻеʥ
ʥ㡭ô磿
Ը֮񣬻˵ַ崫г𾪡


1182 ѹλλ
˵磬Ҳһԭ򡣡
ҵԭ򣿡
ԣ㷵ʱ֮ţȴҲҲػ·ˡ
ôܣдȻܻص硣
ǰȷд󣬵硭Ѿˣ
ַ֮Ĵֻ֪˿ַ̣˵Ѿʱ΢΢һ㶣ƺûлع
ʱŮȴڵ֮а񣬴аƻġϵ飬Ϊа񣡡
ԣа͸𡣡
аӦóʧ
λλڻֻ˵λΪԸַ֮嶯֡Ȼֻλλ񿪿ںǳ⣬ϵ֮ȴӿȣ۵һɢſֲϢ
һλλ󣬾ʹһϵľӪһϵͽж٣Լ϶ֹˡ
ÿһС飬Сһ֮һɿֲÿһλλԶȻеĶҪǿ
Ҳ粻ͬͬµʵҲͬ
ȻûнַͣҲ뷨֮Ի磬ҡһΪԸ֮񣬿Ҳ뿿֮չΪλΪ
ࡰ֤ˡ
ΪһΪǼֱͱȻʥҪǿͬ𣬱Ȼʥǿ󡣶ҲҪԴʯ֮ıֻҪУ˶ԣôһͨô÷ʱ֮ţ
ϾڻѾ޿ɽڻҲ޷Ϊʥܹʱ֮ţ磬ڻлһô
ڿΪ񣬼ˡƺ˶ϣΪ񣬵ֻһõԸˣɼ
ʥСģЩλ񱳺һϵ۵ֲ֮ܿһλλĹͱȻеͨҪֲǰսԱȣһλλ񣬼ʥޣȻʥ޸ǿ󡣡
æַ崫浣ַ壬Ȼַ֪϶Ҳʱӡǣһʱӡǣֻܷʱ֮ˡ
򲻵ѣǲἤʱӡǵġ
磬֪֮治СʵҲʲôȻǿ̫̫ˡ
ʥڻѾʥ֮޵У磬λʥʥǿ
Ȼ֪ʥҲֻǺܾǰʥˡڵʥ˵ڵַ壬ѽȡ
ʥǡƿߣ
ο㲻ƿߵַЩλ
ôҲУ
ַ忴ܣΧλλǼ¶һ˿Ц漴ͬɽһӿȵ֮˲䱬
䣡
޾Ľɫâַӿϰλ飬Ҳͷַţλ֮ڣҲͽ
ԴԴϵ֮ͬˮһ㣬ӿַ塣
ң˳Ծַϵ֮ȻѾʽɫˣɫĹâѾַ˶Уһɵľ˽ɫӰ
֮޵У
ΰ֮ԸһУ׸ΰ֮񡣡
֮񡭡
Ũַ֮յͽ̡Ҵǿͽӿֲǣʥͽ
λʥͽǧλʥͽʥͽ
ַ嶼ͽУʥͽж٣ڵ֮ܶõƺҲǱ
Ůս֮ȵλ񣬿ַͬɫһŴ۾֮ɫ
ôŨ֮ȫʥͽ֮
Щλ񣬻꣬ǧ꣬ʮ꣬ŶʥͽϰλٵҲֻмʮλʥͽ
ÿһλʥͽλĲƸ
ڣǿʲô
ǧʥͽ࣬ױȵĽɫַ֮ϡ
а˭а񣿡
ַӸ£λλ
ָһ㣬ͷ·һˣݺݵĴȥ
¡
֮˲ټͬһĭһ㣬˲𡣺֮شͽ
ַĿɲǺ֮񣬶ǺŮλλ
λλҲһȣ޾֮۵ϣΪһӰҲŭ𣬳ַһָӭȥ
䣡
ֲನ˷ɢȥλλͬʱһͽһ̶ܵ˷ɡ
λλ𾪣ΪһӲӲĸ֮ܵȻԶԶǵϡ
ôܣֲ񡭡
񣬻ֻ绹˹֮һ˹񣬳Ϊ
˿֮úŮλ뵽˴˵е
ֻѹλλ񣬵磬ڻ
˹һλĳ
𰸿Ƿ񶨵ģһǾζţܹв˹ϵĵλ˹Ǿǳײ󻼣


1183 û
ᣬ
ַһһϵĽɫ֮ͬȵĻһȼţɢϢϢ
λַϢ֮£ͬһҶһ·ʱ㸲

飬ͿžۼӵԶ˵ܹΪ߸ϵ飬˿ַ̣ϻźֱλλڵࡣ
ܣôӵ˿µʥͽǿʥͽ
ս֮񶼷ˣλλӵеԶԶϵļʮ
ȴȻ෴ͽԶ֮֮£֮֮ȴԶλλֲ֮öࡣ
⻹Īķ̡
ûʲôǲܵģؽ磬Ψܵõ
ַĻλĶ֮УͽĶһʱ䣬һ˿˿֮Ȼ֮зɳ뵽ַڡ
ˣǰˡ
Ů֪һͿˣѾ뵽ǵ֮УϵĽǵ
ǣܹ֮񣬳ΪϵһԱ
Ůȵͷ­ϥڵأ̬ϵ˵ΰ֮캣ϵ֮Ը
ʱӺŮ֮ڣ֮
ս֮񡢺ڰ֮ɱ¾֮񣬶ͳͳԸΪϵеһԱվ˲ģ籩֮ͺܲġ
ŭһӴ͵һչҪַ۾΢΢һУ漴ҡҡͷᣬ;׹޼
䣡
һɿֲϢ˲䱬·һƬӰһţ漴籩֮ѾʧӰҲӦκϢ
ⲻڶһ
ǿλ񰡣ҿ⣬һ˿ϢûУˣôܣֻҪκһͽŷ籩֮ô籩֮ԶҲ
ѵղһ˲䣬籩֮ͽȫˣ
ֻǣʵ̫˼̫ˡѾͶϵλλ񣬴˿̶¡
֮ǿҲûоѹƵǿƺ߻ߵģ֮Ͷǲʧ̫ء
ʵֲ̫ˣͶҲһʲô̫ʧиջ
Ͼǿûôʥͽ
ڣǺң籩֮ǰ֮ϢʧˣǾˣ붼˲
ַȴɫλλ֮УʱϵҲַϵ
ʱַ֮ٶȱǣܹ֮ʮٱ
ٳһʱ䣬ʥͽӭ磬Ǹʱַ֮ӿֲ
ĴϵַԸ֮Ҳ뿪ˣأкܶʣõַĽ͡
ಣ
յУܡ
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䣿
ַһ£ҡҡͷ籩֮û䣬ȴˣʵҲࡣ
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ǾǷ籩֮ҵ浱УĿǰΨһһλ顣Ҳˣܿͻ飬磬ŲƵ浱С
Ȼ˷籩֮񣬲ûȴѹѾ׵ĳˡ
л磬Ҳҵ浱С
ַһգ·˻硣
ͳ׵ַĽ͡
ַҲûκ硢ħ桢ƿߵȵȣͷβһ֮࣬Ҳ֪Ŀǰ緢ľޱ䡣
ַΪƿߣ綼ַ浱УİΣַ峹Ϊһ塣
û뵽Ҳ桭
Ҳܸ̾ôѾòٷʱ֮ˣֱӻص硣
Ҫػ磬Ǽ磿
ַҲ˳ƺԸⷵػ硣
Ȼ̾һػ磬Ǹ񣬶ˣ·Ѿûˣ磬һԸ֮һϣ
ԸУΪԸ֮񡱡
Ը統УҲСҵ磬˹λáʤΣҶҪ뵽浱Сʱ绹ȱһλ¾͵ίպΪϵˡ
ַҲһŵ
ʵʹ磬һ֮£֮ϡǻʥҲûôȨ
ӴˣûֻԸ֮񣡡
أҲ仰ַľġ


1184 Ƿ
ţ֮ôˣ
ϵ˹ԭһֱѰħټ׼׽ħû뵽֮ڼ١
Ҫ֪Ǹܷ¡Դӻ񣬵Ψһˡ
֮ʵǱԴԽ֮ǾԽǿĸҪôΪ£ҪôͱɱͽûͽҲ
ԣ˹Żôǿһ֮ħֱǲ˼顣
ڣ֮ˣ˹ԴȪǸ֮١
˹㿪ʼͽ֮ͨ·˫۾ʵϣܣͽǿֱ֮ͨӿͽһУͽĶĿ
ˣ磬ûʲôܹס˹
˹ʼ鿴ܿ죬ҵԭ
ϵ
˹ɫһû뵽ŬѰħټ׼ħһսʱȴԺڲ
ϵȻ˶̵ʱڣչϵ֪֮£Ѿռ˽ʮ֮һˡ
չͽҲ൱ɹۣٶȣֱǱʽٶȣٲԶƣҲܴܵӰ졣
ʵ絮ʲô飬˹⡣ֻҪЩ飬λУЩµηչͽյܴ֮һֶΪ
ڣ˹о֮ˣ˵ϵû˹̵ġ
ͣΧа֮񣡷֮ߣΪаӦ̲ɱۣ
ͣʱе飬ݡ͡һʱ䣬һƬȻ
֮Ϊа񶼽͡
ϵʵֲ̫ˣҲ̵ġ֣ϵǻˡ
ϵҲн졣
飬ź˾ϲϲ񡣵ô˵磬ٶ֪ϵһ֪ϵǵ˹ŭѣ͸ɱۣ
Ҫ֪˹ͣɱۻǵһΣǰԸʱҲûôҵͳ֣˿жôŭ
һ͡ĳ֣Ҳƽԭ׼ĬĬչϵҲòߵ̨ǰ׵վԼ󲿷Ķ档

Ͱô죿
ҪôǾɣ֣Ǿˡ
˹ԶҲ˽Էչġ
˹ֻͣŵľϵˡ˶ַһЩ⣬ԵЩ㷲ѾĴ㡣
Ƕϵûģʵǡ޵У
ǵģ磬޵СϵŸոշչʮ֮һûռݣ˹⣿
ϵ飬ǵõʵʵڵĺôϾǰǵĴ󲿷֮񡣶ϵַ岢ûǿƣΪʱ⣬ûг͸Ϊϵ񣬻ܻô֮
ҲΪܹ̤̤ʵʵĴϵԭ
һжˣҪҪȻųƲʵϣĸÿ죬ȥҲ졣
֣ĨһǿҲɻ𡣵ô񣬸ǿޱȣͽأЩ
ַ嵭ĿһЩ飬ϵе飬˲ȹַ̣Ҳ֪ںֻҪʱ䣬ۼˡ
õĽɡ
ԭݷһʱ䣬˹Ȼʱ䡣ȻˣַҲûʲôù˼ˡ
սˡϵ֮Уλ񶼱ȱȽǣƾǵ֮ôʥͽѵȲЩλսѾʼһս
սκ赲飬赲ߣͳͳ
ַĻֱӾʹÿͽԺ֮С
ͽÿޱȣ֮ͣʱͽϵ֮Ȼֿʼ˱仯ֱӳΪʥͽ
һʱ䣬ϵǣò˼顣֮񣬾Ȼ˹սˣһս
Ƿ


1185 ˣ
磬粨
˭Ҳ벻ϵȻôңص֮´ͣ˹չս
սǾ֮ΪսΪпᡣ
˹Ϊ˳ΪչսޱȵĲңˣֻʣ˹Ϊ
ˣսһչƱػǳĲпᡣ
ʵҲˣ˹µռžԵƣϵ鿪սƺŻȻ
ֲǳֲϵ飬ʵȻ˴ȵλֱӳΪλ񡣶λΪλ
λǸǴﵽλ۷壬Ũ֮֮£
ϵȻûôĵ̣Ҳûôͽǵʥͽȴֱܶ࣬಻ʤ
Ҳǿôʥͽͽȵȣṩ˴֮ϵʵһս֮£µȻܿ䣬̶ʱڣͶʧ˴ƬתͶϵ
̶ʱڣϵȻûдܿ䣬ڽڰˣĿǰѾռ˽֮һͽ
˵ĽҲ۾
ͬʱ˹סˣ׼Զ֣

ϵڣڶ϶صɫȻһʱ䣬ϵ߸ͽܵһš
λ߸ϣΨһһλȴʼһʯѹϡ
ΰ֮˹Ѿ׼Զˣǿ鷳ˡ
ս֮˵λλУֻս֮ʵ죬Ϊƹս飬֮ǰҲλ
籬ս˶ս֮Ȼս֮ĵλˮǴߣĿǰѾϵ֮У֮ԼԸ֮ǿˡ
ڵϵѽȡ֮߸ϣʵʵĹ񣬶ǽЩ¶Ը֮
Ը֮Ҳľϵλ鶼Ϊ⡣ûĻڶжҰ
ֻϧǾһʯʼնѹڶͷ֮ϡ
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ַ岻ɫȻ̧ͷ¶һ˿ζɫ˹񣬼Ȼ˺β
ַĻһ
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˹˹Ѿܵһ˿֮Ĳ
˹ֵסħıԴҲ¢
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λ͵ˣԶҲ޷ΪΪ֮󲿷ֶˣﻹܹ֮ͳһλ
ҲΪˣǿħ⣬ֵסħĽĻڵ磬˵ͱħݻˡ
ˣǶ˹ĸоܸӡ
ţ֮񣿵ЩԾϢ
УȻһİţһΡӰһֱ̤Ӿͳǰ
˹ӰȻΨһħ˹
˹һ֣ĿͼַԼԸ֮ϡ
飬˹Ͳ⡣
ַ壬˹ͺء޷Ӧַ⣬ΪΨһ񣬱ȻʥҪǿ˹Ӧַϵ⣿
ǲ֮飡˵Ǿ˭
˹ɫһǳ
֪ô¡
ʲô˼֮λôˣ
Ը֮Ѿôʱ䣬ô
˹ҲСĪǣ֮Ը֮⣿
鶼ɻˣ֪׸˭
ַȴԵúƽ֪˹ֻҪôܿݡΣַѳɣֻҪ񼴿ɡ
˹Ψһ񡣲Ҳ飬֮ˣ
䣡
ַĻͷ·ذըһ˲Ȼ󲨡
ͷޱ͵֮񣬾Ȼôܣ
ħһɶ񣬸ɱ
˹ɢŨɱ⡣
ҺħɲһħǺǻĵˣҲ⡣˹ӦйͬĵˣǾħһˣ˵һ磬޷ħġȻֻһħħ£ħ֪޷磬ͻħʱʲôȥħ⣿ˣҴΪѰϣħбʵ𡣡
ַĻǵֽƽ˼ַĻȷħ϶ֹһλպħʲôȥħ⣿


1186 ӭҵ磡
ɣٶ˵Ҳ޷ıʵ磬ڶ磬ȾָȻȾָǾҪø۵׼ħκβ磬Щʲôͣ
˹ϵϢԽԽǿվ󲿷ֵ飬Ŵ󲿷ֵ֮
ˣַ֮ϵٶʥͽҲ޷˹鶼оѹƣ˹ûж֣ǾѾûκεֿ
Ψһף
ѹܿħȻͬ죬ǻʥҲԶԶ񣬲䲻ħħն
䣡
ַϳһƬӰֲ綼ûн٣˹ȴѾܵһɽֱħֲ
ôܣ
˹ɫ䣬񣬶һΨһ˴󲿷ֵ֮
ܵһϵϾЩ⣬Դ֮У֮൱˱Դ
һλ׼ڣܵһϵ֮Ѿǳֲˡʥ𣬵һλʥ𣬿ֻܵٷ֮һ١
ǾλʥλҲʮ֮һ
Ҫȫֻƿ߲
˹ܹһȷǷ˼ѹħܿ⡣ַλƿߡ
ַУɲֻһ磬磡ܱȫһԱȣ˹ȻͲʲôˡ
ַһһ֮ΪͲǿˡ
ڿȴԸˡ
ȻˣַҲԲ̵Ļ֮ˣʵϣ֮Ҳûʲô̫Ȥƿߣһ棬ôеӵУʱ
ﻹķȥ
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ʱ綼ھҵţ·һӶִͷĸо
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˹ˣȨǳص飬֮ַ磿
ǣ񱩵֮ˣ·Ϊһصľˣ˫ֺݺݵĳסͷ棬֧ס潵١
۵ˣ
ַЦһ棬ͼֿ
漴ӿĽٶȣҿٵ硣ַ磬ײˡ
²ȻѣƵǾѹˡʣ˿ַѹ
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⡭ô£
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ңַ巢Ҳַʩչ棬оƬ棬˻ֺ롢ֲɢȻͬϢҾԲֻһ硣
ħ˵ˡ
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ħΪƿ߾ħͷ᲻ˣħֺ󣬵һʱҪߡ
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ڣ潵ˣ綼СҲһӱ촷ۡ
ৣ
һƬڣܿ죬Ƿ֣Ƿ·ûʲô£ֻǵһȽİͬ硣
˹ûϾ˹ֻҪͽĴڣԶҲ
ˣ
˹ˣԱߣħҲˣ˿ȴû̴սǻһۣɫѿ
λӭҵ磡
УһϤӰ˳Ӹ£ϹʤߵЦݣȻ֮񣬻˵ƿߡַ壡


1187 ħƿߣ
磿
ħɫѿΪƿߵͷȻ֪һƿߵζʲôˣħûκζƿߵУκεĶͽ͡
˹ͬ˹ܸ֮ܵƺǸܵǣ˹׼˺ƬգоܲǸоѹ֣ĸо
䣡
ն𶯣˹ȫһǷǳֲģԺ档
ַȴ̾һ˹Ѿҵ֮Уôͽ͡Ҳգ㣬һλûƿصҲûдڵκˡôҿãʵ飬ƺǿ󣬵ʵǳĴ
ַ廰䣬磬ԺУ͵ĸֳһӰһϣޱΰӰ
Ӱ飬鶼ޱȡ
֮ҲǴ֮Ὺ磬˵Ҫй⣬ǣ˹⡭
ַǴ֮硣ˣĻҲû˵ԺУγɵĻ棬ҲַĻ档
ÿ鶼еޱȣ֪䣬ǾѾˣıַλƿ˵ټ򵥲
ˣɲǼ䣬˹͸о֮ʧʧٶ̫ˣգۼ䣬Ѿʧ˴롣
ܣףô
˹ɫ䣬ƺš
ԱߵħȴЦ޴ѵ֪ƿ֮žԵƿȨ飬˵ǿΪ㿿ܹ֮ӳһһƿߵ磬׾ġƿһЩ˲Ĩȥе顣ʱûͽȻˡ
㲻Ĩȥ飬ƿҲԸַʽҲûͽȻȻͻ᳹ʧ
ħĻ˹ʧǡַҲûв⣬ħ˵˵ģ飬ƺǿʵҲܴһʵάϵͽϡ
ûͽʲôҲǡ
ַΪƿߣҪıͽǵʵײˣˣ뵽棬ûκô֮Ĳϼ٣˹֪ʱ޶ˡ̧ͷַ壬Ц˵֮ˣӴˣ񡣡
ַû˹ˣ˹ʧȥ֮ʧֻʱ⡣ӵĻǰħһŵħǼֵɾ̫ˡ
ַħ磬˽ʵ̫ˣ̫̫Ҫ֪¡
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Դַ֪ƿߺħʲôҲ鿴ǳƽ
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ħĿŹֵַ塣
ţƿߺǿô
ǿƿߣʲôⲻǿƿߣҲЩͨħܶԸġ
ͨħͨħħ绹ʲôǿħ
㲻֪ٺ٣Ҳ޷òһλƿ߰ȥҲֵҴˡħʵϺܼ򵥣ЩħӣҲǻûгΪħߣࡣȻħͬħǿֺܴ󡣱޳ħû޳ħֱ֮Ҿû޳ħˣԸȴٳû¡
ħ֮ϾΰħֲεĴڣΰޱߣƿߣƵסħһָͷ
ַԺͷԷħƶˣַҲ֪Է˵Ļǻѻ
ģ֮ǰڻеħɲ޳ħħ統Уһĵλ
ǰħȷҪСࡣ̫⣬ħ̫
ħƿƺ˽⣿
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ħƺ֪޲ԣֱӻشħƿߵȻ˽ˡں磬Уƿħͷô᲻˽ǣ
ַͷһ𣬹Ȼƿֻ߲һƺкܶƿߡͬħҲ١
᣿ħƿʲô
Ȼ簡ҵħΪ˻Ψ籾ԴܹʵƿͬǱӻ磬ȻҲ磬ȴ𺦣ӻ磬硣ףѰƿߵıӻ
ַһ𣬹ȻƿҪģĳ̶ֳ˵ƿǱӻЩ硣
ħǾʹݲܿͻ


1188 ټˣħ
ղ˵ƿӦò٣ܺħΪͷʵҲǿôһû
ַһֱҪ֪⡣
⣬Ѿǣ浽ܣħȴȻһ㣬ֱӻشƿȷܶ࣬磬ħϵսڴǧ硢ǧ磬ʵСǧ磬һСǧзǳƫƧĺ硣磬Ŀǰħȷ֣ҲȽ룬ƿҪ֣»кܳһʱ䡣
ҲˣԼܹһһΪƿߣƿУҲǷǳϡ١ħģƿߣԵɺϣͨҲܹΪƿߣʵ룬ʱǺĽƿߡ
ħȻҲԳƵЦЦƺһħкܴĲͬ
ˡ
ַ˵ͷȷˣħƿߣһͷˮһĨڣʲô֪
٣֪ˣԭΨһƿߡ֪ˣããԭֻСǧһ۵ƫƧ
ƿޱΰĴڣħսΰڡ
֪ǲƿߣ
ַԺкȻ뵽λصĳܹʱճӡʱ֮ǵ֮ǱضһǿߡҴӶԷµϢԷҲһǺ磬пܲƬСǧǿߡ
һ⡣
ַĶħħղżȻᵽ˺磬ħҲ϶粻ãǵ
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֪֮޲ôȫŽթħأ֪ͬڸѾˡֻǣֻħôթ
ַǼ¶һ˿Ц֪ħʱ䣬һħˣҲħиԼв
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ǣʮħϸѰһȷûκټֻܷħ硣

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ʱ֮ǰһȦȦʱַӰ˲֡

ַ峤˿ȥ磬оգջ񻹺ܴ󡣲һ磬ʵǿࡣ
Ҫǣַ˽⵽ĿǰĴ˽⵽ħƿߵ
ҵʵǲ磬ֻһƿߣȴҪԸڶħÿζô
ַһݡ
ΣʵҲǿʱӡǲܹѣ򣬱ʮǿħΧסÿһ𶼲ѷڵħɲǿɾΣˡ
Щħƿ߿ʮ˽ģȻ᲻ַ֪ʵһЩħַɾ鷳ˡ
ãʱӡǡʱӡ˲䷵أħҲ޿κΡ
ӵ磬ǿƿߣַɶʱ֮һ֪ʱһ˽⡣
֪ʱ֮ԼʱӡǣܻܿΪԿħֻ̡ЩźҪͨʱ֮ţ󵽺Щ統УŻʱӡǡ
ĿǰַѾˣҲ˵ֻߴδĻᣬֻߴʱӡǵĻᡣ
ַע⣬úõʱ֮Žʣ޼ļλᣬϵܷħ⣬ǳҪʧ
٣Ҫ֤ÿһδʱ֮ţܹջһ磬һֻջһС硣
ˣϴնһħնһħֻܲͨؽ磬ģħ磬Ӷħ
ַһԺвһ˼ǳ󵨵ͷ
Ȼ磬ܹγΪħͲԣ
뵽ַ̽ʶ棬Σóһܹģħ磬ħ
ַܽħˣ


1189 ʮһħ
ַ彫ʶ浱С
ৣ
ַ嵽ֻؽ磬ϸħӡǡϸ鿴ħӡʱȴ΢΢һ㶣·Щš
ûħӡǣôܣ
ַ𾪣ǷʦҲãҲգֻǻֻҪַֹЩеֻնɱǶԷһһЩӡǡ
ַƿߣҲǴ֮УܡҪ鿴ӡǣǾһܹ鿴ֻҪ浱ӡǡ
ڣַûҵħӡǣܿ˵ûħӡǡ
ûħӡǣӦħԼڷʽƺͬ
ַ˳˼뽨ħڿȴвͨ
ƿߵУĿǰҽֻ֪Ҫ磬Խ࣬ƿߵҲԽǿƿƺҲͷħǸЩħ˵ĿǰûƿߣֻԼһǾ鷳ˡ
ħҵҲΣ֮Сҵƿߣ˽ƿߵϵԼ֮·
ַϸһڵ
ʵϣڵЩħ񣬶ǹ¾սһʧһΣǿɾٲˡ
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ַܹħǰռˣΪʵжôǿ󣬶е̡
ʱӡǾ̣ϴΣ˵ʮħˣǶʮʮħַҲ塣
ˣͨʱӡǣֱӷʱ֮ţħٶʲôã
ڿӦԶԶǿħƿߣĿǰַӴħǴ˵еħҲû˵ܹʱһ
ʱһַ崩Σÿ춼ܼʱ֮ţҲ޷һǰ㣬ȻʱһѾԶԶĳַܹķ롣
ˣֻҪʱӡǣ磬ַǸǣûʲô̫Σա
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һΣַ岻ΪĿģ磬ֻ˳ĿģҪͨʱ֮ţǰ磬뿪磬ҵƿߣħ׷ɱ
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ַǰ硢ʦ硢磬һˡĿǰʣ߸Թַѡ
ַҲûѡ磬ڵʵʣµ߸磬ĸ綼ûʲô⡣ؼǣҪħҪġ
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ǣֱַһ硣


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ף˹ôħˣ
ħ˹󣬶úܳԾħôʱ䣬ϴεɲ۳⣬ûħħˡ
һħҲζţʵˡҪɱһħƫƧĺ磬ǿɲ
Ҫȥʮһħ£
˹ɫո۳󣬱㼱ȵȥħ
ʮһħħٺ٣ʮһħɲ̫ã类ƿȥһħͷϡ
ħƺ˹죬Ѱ˹Сһ㡣
˹һݣʮһħεǿݺСǧ磬ȻôĿһħʧءͷ϶ƢãһСĴħùͷǿɾ鷳ˡ
˹һҧǾȥʮһħ̫ش󣬾棬ʮλħҲ档
ܿ죬˹ȥħ˵ʮһħ
ʮһħϣһ޴ʱʱЩƿ¶һſſֲͷ­ëȻ
ʮһħųǧħÿʱÿ̶ڱţ˭ҲûмĿ
˹ôħˣ
ʮһħӸ£ж˲ͣƺһ̾ͻŭ죬ױ


1190 һ£
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ʮһħ޴һתµһƿʮͷ­ȿֺ˳צʮֵĿֲ
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ֻЩ޳ħħܿһ޳һħҲ޼£Ҳ޳ħħС
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ħħɵ籾Դħÿһħħʵͻɱ
˹ħû޳ɣˣƿߣһӵ磬Ȼ·һ޷֮
ƿߣ磬ҵħ򣬾ƿ߲֡»˭֪
ħ£ǰʱ䣬ƺ˵ʮħдϢƿߣ᲻ƿߣ
˹С˵
ʮħǵпܣĿǰƿߵֻûôû쵽磬ƿײƿ˽Ӵǿɾ˵ˡʮħǱ߲ȥƿߣһҪҵסҪܣƿߵ棬ǿɱκ籾ԴҪζñֲʧһħ
ȥħأϽ۳ħ㶯ʮ籾Դ޳ħټһȥ׷ɱƿߣ
ǣлΰʮһħ¡
˹ֱϲʮ籾Դʮ籾Դ޷۳ħǼֱǷϲеķϲġ
ϣʮ籾Դһ޳ħ޳һħνϢħǶĶˡ
ٺ٣һץסƿߣʮһħ´ϲ֮£һʹͣ¾Ͳֹʮ籾Դôˣ˵һ޳ħʡȴ๦
뵽˹ĳȣޱȵĻȣǣæħأһҪ̵ʱ޳ħȥ׷ɱƿߡ

ৣ
ַʱճУһͷ統СһΣܵһɡϢƺһոյ硣
𡭡
ַովȣͿһͷɣͬһ޴ɽĿֲޣһַҧ¡
󣡡
ַһ΢΢һţ˲㽫ͷӴĹޡ̡浱У漴ֱ֮ѹù޶á
ҿ羿һʲô磿
ַ忴浱У˿õĹޣ漴˹޵ļ䵱У棬Ψһףȫ֪ȫܵĴ֮񣬾ͷǿҲ޿κΡ
ϾͷȻǿȴԶԶ磬ˣַ巭䣬ȻҲɡ
ŷļԽԽַ࣬ȴЩȡ൱⣬ȷǸոյãһжǳģԶʱǻ̫ࡣ
Ƭ磬ʦ硢˵˿ֻǷչʱٰ̫̫࣬ˡ
ȻȻ͵ףųʮޣ
ʮͷ죬̺ʮͷ޵Ѫ֮Ҳʮּ򵥴ֱѪ֮ʮͷ޵Ѫе£ӶѪ棬޽ӽʮޡ
Ҳ˶ˣôѪ֮ľԣƬʼն޷Խʮޡ
ʮѾ£˴֮ҲûйĽǾˮˮƽӣȥƬٹ꣬Ҳκεı仯
ڡǣҲ־ոյ־ֻһʶַʩչ֮һܲ
ַǿľܿ͸ܵƬ־ƺƬ־Ѿʮޡ֡ˡ
־øְ취ʮ֮ĴսȻʮ޻䣬תΪƶķչµܶʼһֱ־ΪŻֹͣ
ԭݱ䡭
ַȻȻٳ棬ȻƿߣҲô硣ݱ䣬ʵҲһ֪⡣
ڣƬոյ磬ݱֱ۵⡣
Ȼַ˵ĺϢƬûħټҲ˵ַȫִ֮ǰļƻƬΪ壬򣬿ʱӡǷʧ
²˳٣ַҲԥˣƬ硱ôҲһ磬ݱĹ֮УǱˣַȻ
潵٣
һַ̣屳һƬ޴Ӱֱӽ٣ͷ·һڶһ㣬綼һڡ¡


1191 ʮ꣡
ֲ棬ͬһžһ㣬ݺһڡҧ¡ʮͷ޾ܶڳ˯˿Ҳ׷ױѡ
ŭ𣬶о˾ҵΣʮͷʩչգӴ󡣾ǻеĻʥޣʮͷǰҲֻСˡ
ôӴޣֱδšʮͷϣŨıԴϢȻıԴ󲿷ֶʮϡҲ־Ҫݱ䣬ʮޡɱԭҲΪ籾Դ
ʮͷ޹Ȼǿֻϧַ棬ûκá˵ֻʮͷˣܱҲ޼¡Ҫַ֪Ѿȣӵ磬Դ˿ַɵһ磬ֱ׾١
䣡
ַݺݵֶ£綼Сոյ־ƺҪ˷ˣַ˲ѹ
ģҲƽΪַһµ
Ŀǰַĵڰ˸ȴǵĸ磡
УƵģֻзʦԼ˵ҲΪȻǺųǶĸƵ磬ǾҪѹ޷⡣
Ȼַ浱УǱÿһչǱܴԨȵȣЩûֻҪķչʱƣǼпܷչΪһƵ硣
ƿߵ֮󣬿ķչ׳ֻǣʱ϶ǳԶԶֱŲһɡ
һƿߣҵһ磿ַܹ֮һ٣ٶҵ磬Ϊʱ֮šͨʱ֮ţֱӽ뵽һ統С
Ҳֻʮλᣬʮˡ
Ԩħһ壬ںʱ䣬ղŽҵ˻ѣҪҵһжôѡ
ħӵֶΣҵһҲѡˣַͨʱ֮ţƺѰҵףֻǴˡ
ƿʱ䣬һܹҵһ磬Ǹʱе磬ǾʵΨһ취
򣬹ȻǺ򣡡
ַ彫ʶ˻Ѿ̽棬ˣܾһƬڣյģûʱ䣬Ҳûпռ䣬ȻǺ
ֱַ̧ۿһֱۣϵʱӡɻڣֻҪһʱӡǣܹʱ֮š
ַĲ²࣬ʱӡɴڣַ崳̡
²˳٣ڸȥ򴳵ˣܹ뿪硣
ַ岻ǵһνˣ֪κδռֶζûκôںУΨһĸ·취ǾǷУһЩйߡ
ಣ
ַȻǿԼУͲƿߣԴ֮СϢѭͲġںٳʱ䶼ʲô
Ȼûʱģǽַֻ޷ܵʱšʱģַҲֻʱжϡ
һꡢꡢꡭ
תۼ䣬ַѾãã˽ӽʮʱ䡣Ȼʮʱˣں磬ûʱţַҲܲκʱš֪Ѿȥôʱ䡣
ʮʱַһ񡣾ͺԭûжһַٶȣʮʱ䣬Ͳ֪˶Զûж
û뿪ʮʱ䣬ôʱ䣬ҲһԶȴɣƺһ㲻䡣ڻʱӡǣûκļ󡭡
ַ֪ͣȥٷһꡢһǧһ꣬Ҳһܹɳ
ûʱ䣬ûпռĵط⿿Уʵ̫̫ˡ
ħʲôںи·
ַ뵽ЩħÿҪħ磬͵áɱɣŽֻǺˣֻСǧһС
ħʲô·Щƿֿʲô·
ַ²⵽ħƿߣӦİ취·ٶ죬κοռ䡣ڤ˼룬ȴû뵽취
ı׶ˡʲôÿԼһĶûС
ںĿĵķУ֪Լûƶֹ¼ŵζ治ܣ־ᶨַ壬ҲȻζ
Ҫʱӡǣʱ֮ˡ
ַ֪ʱӡжôһξһΡ򲻵ѣǧܼʱӡǣϾǾ֮
ףʲô
Ȼַ忴ǰĺУԼһ⡣
Ѹٿ⣬ͷǳ֡ǰһĻ󣬼Ǽʶַ壬Ҳ˫ĿԲɣ¶һ˿֮ɫ


1192 ħ
ַ塰ˣһŹ⣬һҫĹâɢһ˿˿粨ַκ粨Ҫǿҡ
ֻһ磬ַȻô𾪡ױȵӴ磬ȴһȻͬ硰һ𣬾ͷ·һ㣬һСİ¡һ㡣
ھǸӴޱȵ磬СһЩ硰¡˴룬ڼҵš
磿
ַϸӦţȷһǿ磬һ΢СһЩ硣ɢǿҵ򲨶ַ嶼ҪΪһλƿˡ
ΪĿǰֻƿ߲Ż硣ħҲֻ籾Դǽһ¡
ܹ磬ӴǿЩѰˣһ׹λһƵ硣
ַԺͷ
໥ܹ֮ɵģһ㣬ַ磬ͬǿŵһݾûƿߣֻ׵ĻҪ߶һ翪ʼɣʵ൱ѡ
磬ȵþλʥλʹԲһþλʥȫĺܹ߶ƶƶٶȷǳĻһҪһȽС磬Ȼɡ
֮ɣ΢ǿһ΢СһģҪʱ䡣ٶϰʱ䣬ʱɡ
ƿ磬ʵ̫ˡ
ҲûУǰ磬һ׿Ƶ磬Ҷһɡ൱սһɣһС罫ȫ뵽ǿ統УСеҲ
ƿߣֻǽŲƽҲźܴ
ַûóȻ磬֮ս澰ҲǿַҲٶ۲һʱ䡣

ৣ
ڵĺУһȦȦ˳ħɲһ
ħɲ󣬻е۾šڤԼħһħȫ޳ħǿħ
ħɲֻ޳һħﵽ۷壬޳ħҲ̫ѣֻϧַ壬նħħظ
ڵʮħ˱ɲѸ޳ħɲ£ҵַ壬ܻ׸ʮħ
ԶˣһڸܸӦҵѪ⻹ڶԷ浱Сٺ٣һԼеƿߣ֪ҵħֶΣΪնҵħնɱˣȴ֪ħҪȫնȴûôסնκһħմȾѪϢʹӵԶҲ޷ҵĸӦ
ɲɺͷ¶һ˿ЦħսթҲǳǳرַ彫ħն𣬽նɱ۶ΪУɲβŭ
ɲϽˣʮħ»ǵĺϢҲߣħµŭԼȥܡ
۾һ˸ɲȻҪɲõ۾źܲ⡣
Ȼ֪ˣ۾šڤסˣжΪ
˵꣬ɲֱӴߵħ޾ĺȥ
ɲ뿪󲻾ãԼֳӰ
ৣ
Ӱһ˺Ȼħ˹
λˣӦ⸽ˡղӰϢҲħɣ֪λħµħƺҲѰƿߡ
˹ߵλħϹϾ˿ĵ
˿ɲ򵥣ǵʮһħߵÿһǿɶǾ߱ħĿֲǿߡħҲǺպ˹ֻħĺ֮㣬ǽħʹͣһħ֪Ҫòܹɹ˵ħˡεжλħΪֻǴ·˰ˡ
Ӧǵʮħµħֻ̫ħʵȥƿͲô
ħһ۾Ϳħĵϸ
˹Ǻƿַ壬硣ƿħϵͬҲһЩ֮
磬һƿߣҲ൱һħħԴƣһ磬ͺħǿһħࡣ
˹ϴξͲַ磬ˣʮһħ²ɳħνȫİա
ɲ˲֪һΣɲַնڻ統УʱַڲŽֻзʦˣ硣
λħǿߣɲ϶Ѿ㹻ԸַˡϾƿߣħһ磬Ƕϼѡ
ʮʱ䣬ַôһɣ
ɲ֪ʱֵַ֮壬ֹ磿
˹ùǣȥһҲãٺ٣ǲŸаա
ħ¶˽թЦݣʵôǿħսթǸȥɲˡ
ˣҲħˣο˫һλħ£оܶԷ
ãǾĵĸȥ
ǣ˹ħҲϢĸȥ


1193 ǿԳƺΪƿߣ
磬
ħ۵˲ɵǿҲ׷׵ĸ˲ġ
ħ֮桢洡λ۷ĴڣסУħ֮洶ǿ󡣶Ǻһһ۷壬ΪǿĴ֮һ
λ׼ڹλ󣬴ѾԲֻǣƺλ׼ڣʹԲ
ԲҲ޼ˡ
磬ŸΣ
洣籾ԴʧѾסˡĺᣬܷ뿪磬ȥ޾ĺ򴳵ɣܱһЩԪ
ħ֮汯۵˵Ŀǰ磬ѾǿĲ˴룬ѾˣֻĿŴ类һɡ
һռŮӣȴ磬ı棬˺ĳ˵派߱˴󹦵£ҲĴ󹦵£Ϊ֮һ
Դٵ֣ȴεҡҡͷʹܹӵһˣԪͲһˡ嫺ҵ뿪Ҳһܹҵһ硣ңû˴磬ҵʲô
ȷǸ
統ûκ𣿡
ͷ߹ڣ֮ǰ벻Ӵʱǿҵĵֿߣսֻϧȴ練ӦѾֱӿʼˡ
ԴŴǿǰȥɱŶṳ̂룬ͱ˻
֮սô꣬Ҳһ㾭飬֮սƴľĵ̡ԣĵԶԶǵҪɴ磬ûʲôѡģǿֵһʱˡ
ħ֮泤̾һ
λ׺ȷܹ־赲סɡҲֻһʱ䡣嫺򣬴ʱپãʲôôܳ漣
˴˿̣ħ֮涼ˡ
¡
ֵضɽҡɫһ䣬漴ʮ˸С磬ˣɵٶԽԽ졣Ǵڵ֧Űʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ʲô
ĿŴ类һһɣΪɻңȥλ׼˵ĵļ尾֪жôʹࡣ
ܣ㸶ٴĴۣҲԸ类ɣ
ɫ԰ףҧ촽˭뵽ʮǧδСѣǧֻأڳɾ˴ġ֮Ϊ׼ڡڣȴ˵
Ը⸶ۣҿԱȫ粻ɣ
Ȼһİ˵ĶУ˵˵ֱӳԺС
˭
һڱɣλ׵ѾǰҲûе;ĩ·ĵز
٣緢һһǶܲڣȻƾճǵߣȴһ֪
ৣ
һӰӿռдһӣᣬֻϵϢȴ롣

ħ֮ɫһ뵽һֿܡ
ǲ
ɫ࣬ƺʱᱬ
ôǲȫǾ壬ֲûмѪ⣬ѵܿ
ԣȷǲһ˵ɣ㵽ʲô
ħ֮浹Եú򶨡ȻںУҲֻ˲磬ɡ
ⲢӰƲ⣬мȻд磬в磬Ǿһĸ磬ֻûˡ
ǰصİˣӦþǳ˲硢ĵе
ңȻȴ磬䱻ɣ鶼Ϊɻңҵһ취ǡ
һĺҴ磿˵ɣ㵽ʲôĿģ
ħ֮桢𡢵洶ɵԴ˲֮Ǿף޾ʵΣأģ϶ںС硣òñ֣һ֣ǾΣˡ
ȻҵĿģҵĿʲôȻ֪οǴ綼ҪˣôͼıĽҲڸң𣿡
ˣҽַ壡ݣǿԳƺΪƿߣ
ӣȻַ壬ħ֮桢Լ֪ǻȷѡ
οڳԼ⣬ǻѡ


1194 ħ֣
ƿߣ
ַĳƺλ׶˳Ĭ֣ǾԼоܲ򵥡
λǾƿΣ
ħ֮洺
Ϣԣ֮۹۲죬ҲֻԼ۲쵽ڣƺйɿµɿµֻڹ۲첻ʱӦһЩˣǲڲ硣
˵
ڲ磿Ӧò̫ܣȷѪһѪףû֧֮£ôܱȵһ磿οǲǿޱȵ硣
ҲԼļ⡣
Σ˵ٻĽҲɡһᣬǿȿ˵Ǵ磿ʱ١
գϣħ֮濪˵ƿߣӦٵĿǲ硣ǿᣬҲ̫Ǵ磿
ȷǿ󣬵Ҫ֪嫺򣬱ȲǿȱȽǣ֪ƿζʲôɣҪǼʶһ£ƿߵ
䣡
ַ廰£֮˲ϯλס綼ڶ־˲両֣Ҫַֹ彫λ׾ߡ
λ׻ַȰ˵ûзַ彫Ǿ뵽浱С
ˣ
ǿУһȦȦֳ֣ĵӰȻַλף뵽浱С
ǡ磿
ħ֮Щȷ
Ҳ⣬磡
ַ΢΢һЦ漴ܻ΢΢ţգۼ͵˻СλоǿûиоκοռĴ󣬺һգʱ䣬͵һİ硣
硭ǿǴҪǿ
һ׼ڣȻ֪ǿ
ǻ˵磬֮ǰȷһ磬ҵ棬Ҳͳҵеһ
ַһ֣˷ʦ
ȻͬԼλ׺ܳԾǷ֣ʦҲ˿Ǵ硣
ȵȣѷɫ硣ǿλ׶ľ
ǿȻҲַֻеһˡ
ƿߣƿߡƿһУ磬Ϊƿߡ
ħ֮桢洡ȻѾƿߵ塣Ǿǰƿ硣
ΰڣѾˡǴ˿̲֪վǰƿַ壬ǺεΰĿֲڣ
ˣ
ˡ
ǣַֽλŲƳ棬³˴統С
ȻˣǾ˵ǵľɡ
ַ屳֣վţϵıƽ
ħ֮桢洡˻һۣȻѾ˾
ƿߣ֪Ҵ뵽浱УܱһУ
Ȼǲ𣿻ʦȵȣǶС
浱УڵԲ
ȻǶԲףҲԴҵ浱УƣȻ䣬Ȼ󾭹ֻؽ磬ع棬һнתж
ħ֮˿ʳһ⡣
˵Ǿܾأ
ܾ
ַЦЦ̾һҲӦҵǾܾܾʵûʲôáǴ磬в磬ͬ뵽浱Сֻǣ룬ȻһЩ鷳
λ׻һۣЦŵ˵ͷ
ˣһжˡԸⲻԸ⣬ʵעַ֮ѯǵԸһЩ鷳ˡ
û뵽Ҫɴ磬Լᱻƿɣ޾򣬻Σذƿɣ浱УܱУҵףûʲôʧһλƿΪ̣ںҪȫˡ
λ׶˵ͷѾ˾
ǣħ֮Ϊ˵ƿߣҴ磬Ը浱С
ܺãȷѡ񡣡
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣһΣҲֻԣܷ˵硣ڿɹˡ
Ǽ̻֮󣬵ڶѡе硣⵱Ȼԭ򣬵ôѡ룬˵ƿߵ棬пȡ֮ġ
ѹ֣ħĿУƿıӻߣѡͶԴ˻ñӻ
ǲҪ־뵽浱С
ַ˿˲併١
䣡
潵٣嫵棬Ҫ糹ס롱ʱȻͻ
ƿߣ㻹ǸǣȻҵµ磡磬ɶǣ
һϤصַĶߡ
ͬʱгӰӰһ֣̻ɸߣֲͬħһ㣬ŭ˫ֺݺһ˺˺ѡ
޾籾Դ뵽ӰĿС
ħħַû뵽ʱħȻ֡


1195 նڶΣ
ħɸߣͬͷĹһ㣬˲˺˴ݣֱӿʼ˴籾Դ
ַ嶼赲
ס֣
ַȻ£ټħ֮桢洺ȫϣ̵ַʱڣ硰̽ڡ
ôһСṦ򣬴籾ԴѾһ㣬ַŲƽĴ磬ֻһ籾ԴԴ˵ɲʲô£ڱشˡ
һ㣬ͳױΪһƬŵ硣
ַɫһĶǰħһһħɲ
ǰħһħַġˡȻħɲɲַնħѾòˡ
ڣħɲȴֳַǰ֤ʵһ£ħȻɱɱħҲħи
ңû뵽ô˰ɣѾˣħ޷ɱġɱһǧΡһ֣Ҳܲϵĸ
ɲĶַ壬Ŀгųɱ⡣
ϴΣַնħɲ˵ֱܴ裬ʧءǵʮħ´Դôе۷壬ͻƣͲܡ
һжƿַɵģɲԶҲǡ
ַüͷ΢壬ɲܸħȻƿɱΪͷǿ϶ûô׶Զԡ
ħܸҲħԡ
ɲΪҵԼַ˼⣬ǣʵɲܸҵңҲôװɣΪҵңѵҵֽţ
ַֻ뵽ֿܣɲֽš
ɲǼ¶һ˿ЦݣҵȷֽţҲ޷ΪΪÿһλħֻһѪ⣬ʵĸҪħĲԡնҵħҵһЩѪ⣬ȴѷɢǱ֮УǱڡ
ҪͼƿߵȥѰҳħѪ⣬ΪǸͲܡֻҪҵħѪǱڣһֱûпסǸ飬һֱǱƿϸѰҲѲʲô
ħѪ⣬ӵӲҵĸӦ
ַһݣȻǴˣɲһħַҲУնɱ
˵ħҲѪ⸽У
ԣǧҪħ뵽統С
ַšվǿԼһһӡΪƿߡͲ֪ħص㣬Ŵˡ
ţƿߣ϶ô⣬ħ뵽浱СУƿǿģҲħɳ֮ħѪ⣬ʱʱ̶ܱ̿ħ׷١
ǰԶҪҵħ뵽ƿߵ統Сֻϧڲ֪ѾˣԹԸǻصħаɣΰĵʮħ£ܸȤ
ɲħַΧм䣬ɸߵĿֲħɢļµϢԼ䣬ַ廹ЩħУƺɿֲ
ʵħÿһħħսҲɱ
ˣҿɲΪɲնһħҲնΡΣΡ
ַı󣬸ֳһƬǿգԼϢȻѾħԣȻ׽ħٷŽˡ
ڤ粻飬ʶҵħɣħ
䣡
ħɲɸߵٶͣԼֳסϵϢǱ
ɲЦ˵ҵħħνܣȥ󣬵ʮħһʹҴ籾Դʱ۳ءħҲǲܡ
ɲַĿУɱ⣬ľ̰ˡ
ַƿߣڿģֵǡѵʲôħȤɲףַֻ壬׸ʮħ󻯡
ͬʱħҲ׷ʩչħյħַΧסַıһƬ޴ӰЩħҲη壬ƺƬ磬ʱᱻħ˺Ƭ
ɲʮ㣬ʮʱȥˣ㶼޳ħֺγԭ̤ȻնһΣô죬ҾնڶΣһӲͳͳ°ɡ
ַһХͬʱӰһӷͣԼͬóʵһ㡣
ɢֽȻͬϢƬ磬ֲ粨ħɲϲ˲ͳ˹ȵס


1196 Σ
ɲ㲻˵ֻ磿
ƿ𣿡
ɲһħ»㱨
ħַʩչʱȻɫ䡣
ߣ
ַûзŹħĴ㣬ɲ뿴ڶնɱɲ֮󣬶Էܶ츴ַ岻ţ¸һ۶øħһͳˣƿ߶Ƕ֡
һǼٵģƣ
ɲɫ䣬漴ħַ幥ȥ

ַУԼлʦڻҪټһˡ
һ磬֮ǿֱ˼Զɲħʱ̶ʮʱ䣬˭뵽ַǿ
أ
ΡħһħַԵ֮£ȫѹ˲䱬ѪҪɢȥַ׼ȼգɲħٴնɱ
Ȼħ̺ǿƥַȻ֪ħġԡɲ潫ħǵչ鼺ãԸ˷ЩħӴ

ħַתħĹΧ֮Уʱɵħڷ׷׵ŭУȴҲֻܡı򱬡
ⴿѹħȷѶԸѲʮǰַ壬ڻɲʱ¾ҪΣˡ
ڣַѾȣĸ졣
ˣѹħ
ܿ죬ħҲַնħ񱩵ںвͣĲţôĶԱߵĲ綼ˣƺܵˡšһȻڡƶƺҪ
Ӵ磬ƶǳĻһħƿ߷֣ˡ
磬̣
ַ忴ڡƶȻ˲ǵĴ㡣ӣȴûôס
䣡
ַ弸ûκԥֱӽ潵ٵ˲ϿգͬһŴһҪһ̵
粻ܹӴ磬ҲԶԶܱġ磬ҲԶԶ粻硣
Ϊɹɹһ磡
ǣ۵һ𣬷·һˣŭһأ˫ַ֧棬潫̵
ַ廹ǵһôǿҵĵֿҾȻԵֵסɣȴӼᶨַɲľġ
ôǿһ磬һɣҲӦǿһµĵزǧѷĻᣬַɲ
Źǣΰǿߡ
ǲ粻
ΰǿߣǲԸϱŹǡ
ַԺУͷ֪ǲ˵Ļ磬һǳص磬壬Ѫ壬Ǿ塣
ȫûʵ壬ȫǾɡÿһλųơࡱΪɷʽ
ЩҲĲࡣ
嫵Уûκǲ࣬ħƿߣʱ̫ˣҲɻ䡣Ͼ綼ҲᱬըֻҪͲܲࡣ
ⲻֻˡ
ҲΪɷʽ˲⡣ʹǿޱȣû磬Ӷ׳
Ҳͷһ磬ǿĲЩףţÿһǿĺô
ֻϧַ塣
ַ岻ˡ磬λǿħսֲεĴսòʶΣգǵǿĴ̫̫ˡ
ˣѡ룬ֻǣַȴ׷
ҲҪǵκαֻҪ磡ɣҵ浱УΪһȫµһȤҲܷḻҵ桭
ַ̩ɽѹһ㣬ѹȥ
أ
ڣ֧Ųסõľ˲ɢַ潵ˣͬһŴ죬ݺݵġҧס
ʱ򣡡
ħɱ
ããУӰȻӺд˳Ӱ˲͵ɸߣɢſֲϢ
һءءءءأ
Ȼħħһ
ħƺѾΧغܾˣħħһԣΪǧѷĻᣬַɲ磬ǣסʱʱ˲䷢ѡ
ȫħûκԥֱʩչȫַκδϢĻᡣҲһַ˲磬ζʲô
ħħҪնħ
ɱ
ûκԥǰ˹ֻһħʱҲܷӳЧħһʼ֣ǿ籩ƵĹַκδϢƺһ־һɱ
˹
ַ忴ǰħġģ˹նɱĵڶħȻҲˣһԣĿնɱɲħȴΪȵַ벻Ŷ֣˲ͽַȵľΣ
ԣıĿ¡
սթ伫ΪĿģϧһдۣΪħ
˹ħ


1197 £
˭Ҳûϵħַ嶼ûϵ
˹ʲôַڴʱȫǣסҲǰ˹һһħħܺġ
ħȴһǸħκһԺɨ֮ǰɲħʵǳֲ
Ǻַ۷ʱȣҲǰࡣοǣס˾ʱħһ֣Ǿɽֱ޿ƥС
¡
ħʵֲ̫ˡַѾǵһħսҲʶ˲ٵħħƿֲͬϵȻһڣһ⡣
ƿעĿħעԼϵǿʹħԽԽǿǿһ̶ȣ޷ټǿˣ辶ڶءħ
ħµĵط
ħַѾ̹ȷǳ¡˿̣ħַȴǵһ̡һºַ棬ʱַ治ͣ𵴣ͷ·񻰴˵Уˮ񹲹ŭײɽһ
ɽȻǿҲײˡ˿ַ棬ݣ١Եĸо
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ؼʱַ̣У֮Ի˳һִĸ룬ͷ·֩Ƶģ涼һ
Ĥ飬Ҳ֮ĸġסʹԱȫûеһʱͱ
زַ忴ǰĲ磬ҪɣҪһʱ䡣ҲڵֿħʩչħҪһ׽ַݻ١ַĻܱ֮סַһΣȴ޷ٱסڶΡ
ʱַ֪ȡᡣ
ʱӡǣ
ûκԥַһʱѡ񼤻ʱӡǡֻǣһһ棬̡˲磬ҽֻ¡һ롱
ʱӡǣʲôַҲұ֤
˿Ѿûѡħƴҳ׼ʱҪһһɱַԥ
ˣ
ʱӡǵʱһκƿߡκħַϣҲ棬Լ桰ҧסİ硣
ৣ
գۼ䣬ַӰʧˣ綼ʧӰ٣ħȴҲκټ
ԣԣһΣַϢߣһûС
˹۾˵ʵѾע۲ˣ·ϴε£ȴûַֹ壬ַˡ
ƿϣܣ
ħɫءһֳһǳ֮Σַ弸ǣס޷ȫֵ
ˣҲܴɣɲǼ򵥵ܸġַһһЩܣǾܡ
ƫƧĺ磬ܵһλƿߣһ٣ٶħ׷ɱӳ졣
ȥʮһħ»㱨
һλħ˵
˹ЩģȻ΢΢һ㶣漴󺰵ˣַˣָӦټƺЩңԶǲ׷ȥܽܡ
ħȴɫһҡҡͷ˵׷ȥô׷ȥѾ˲硣һ˲磬潫͵ĵز޳ħҲֵס
סƿߣҵħͬΰĴڣɱһɱɾϼˡѾӦˣȥħ»㱨鱨ħаš
˵꣬ħҲܰ˹ӰһҲ֪ʲô취ʧ˺֮С
˹Щģ֪ħ˵еղַչֳʵʵѾľսѷκһ޳ħħˡ
ǳַɲ磬󲿷־ǣסħ治һκεַ塣
οڵַ廹йġʧֶΣûŪ֮ǰûоԵİ֮ǰ׷ɱַ壬ֻȥ
ħȻ̰թҲǳȥûаյ¡
ǣ˹Ҳֻ֣ܰ·ħ硣

ˣ
ʱ֮ǰһƬ޴Ȼ֣˳ŻһĵӰģΪǱ
̣
΢ĵӰȻַ塣һʱ֮ţûκԥֱӼ߶֮ɡ
ãʱӡǵǿŽ綼һ˻ַ幦һ

ڣַ彫ɵˣ˿
գһ㣬涼ˡ
ַǵ޴ʱ֮ţɢϢ֮ǰһĻַ嶼µĸо


1198 ʱ٣
ַ彫ʶ浱У˿̵棬ãܵ𵴡
ЩСԨȵȣʵ磬ڲ΢һ𵴣Ӱ쵽ǡ
ǻʦȵȣһ磬ֿܹס󲿷ֵ𶯣
֮
ַյеĻ֮֮ʵֻǻеһˡַ彫綼뵽浱УȻԻеһжָơ
ֻ֮ǻˣַʱ֮ѾУһıԴܵϵһ
ţ֮ҲڲϵĳɳѾǻеôˣǷĳʱ䡣
ڵĻ֮ƿգεĽһոӵȹ̣ʹβơ
ħħһ𹥻ûַܴ棬֮Ĺ͡
ҵʵǲ˵㣬ҵлʦħħӦҲ£ǿôħȴܴܸо滹źǿȴ޷ӳ
ַüͷãԶԶûз򵽼¡ǰһֱͣ磬ȴûעضĹ뷢
ϸһ󣬽ģַҲƺҵԭȻ磬ڻüϲ磬൱磬ǲ绹ǳǿ󣬾߸˸Ҳʲô
ڶ磬ѻһƿ߱棬ںϵһ
磬ƿߡ
ֻϧַĻ̫٣̫ǳ棬ڶ̶̵ʮ䣬䣬ͷչô̵ʱ䣬桰
ҲҪģַ壬һԭǾ磬ЩƻᱣС
һʵЩַֻܷӳɰˡϾһЩС
ЩַûȫĨɱûоֻؽ磬ҲûдӡǡˣַҲ޷Щ
ַ˳ȻЩϵ飬ȻȻȥȻٽֻؽ磬һַȻͻȫƿЩ硣
ֻϧַĵ̫ˣʱҲ̫̣ûмǧꡢʱúõġ
Ҫǿʵֲȥ磬ôְַֻ취ҪôĨȥЩеȫͻֻؽ磬ֻ֮ȻȻЩͻع鵽浱УַҲ
ȴΥַĳԣҲһĨȥ׵
Ǿֻʣ˵ڶְ취ʱ٣
ַΪƿߣĴ֮񣬶淨Ȼܹƣصʱ䷨Ҳ⡣
Ҫʱ٣ַҲһʱ٣ҲеκӰ졣
ȴʱٲַһ꣬ôܿѾȥʮꡢ꣬ʱ䡣
ַ˵ȻĨȥǾֻʱ취ˡ
һ棬ʱ٣Ҳм޵ġ
ַ忪ʼʱ䷨
ˣ
ʱַͷ·Ūһʱ֮ңûʲôоַʶջأܸоʱٲڿٵı仯š
һʱֻǲ̫԰ˡڣַʱ٣ʱٲ͸ӵˡ
ʮٱǧ򱶣
ˣٿĻ֧ŲסˣĿǰʱٲļޡ
ַţǼȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʱٲʲô
ζţһ꣬һ꣡򱶵ʱٲֲֿʱٲʵĵܶҲǺȶ
ַֻ֪ʱģһ඼ƣܹôﵽųϣôͻµʱ٣̫ĸ
ˣôʱٲеͨźܿͻȥֻˣҲ𽥼ǿ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡɴʱ֮ǰޣ⴦طǳµģԳֶΣħѸӦһȽϰȫĵط
Ȼûʱ䣬ַֻоûʱ䣬ʵϣĸطûʱأûʱ䣬ʱ侲ֹ
Ҳ˶೤ʱ䣬涼κα仯ǲûʱ䣬˵ʱ侲ֹ
Ҫʱ侲ֹöôΰ
٣ַƿߣԼ棬Ҳʱ侲ֹһǿʱ侲ֹ¶
ʱţַҲĸܵƿضˣ˵ܷӳȵˡ
ǰַȻƿߣܷӳʵϣĴд󲿷ЩС
ʱٴﵽ򱶣ַȻоʱ̣ܶеʱȴ֪ȥ˶á
ˣַҲ𲽵
ɡɡ߳ɡ˳ɡųɡ
תۼ䣬һʱȥˡһ꣬ȴһ꣡
һʱ䣬ͨһЩ˵Ƕôʱ䣬֪˶ٴ
УЩԭӡǵѾ˾ųɾϣʣµģһЩ֮࣬ߣַӰ죬ʵ΢΢
ַ壬ҲǾųɾϵ
ʱ˿ַ̣о޵еоƿһСʱٳЩħħħħַ嶼аգֱӽ򱬡


1199 ļ
ʱ٣ǿֲһʱ䣬ľͺܴˡ
ַ忴һһ꣬ʱ֮£ʵѾһȥˡ
˵ʵʵڵһʱ䡣ߣһ궼㹻Ϊصһˡ
ͨˣһʱ˶׶ϴˡ
һ꣬׺ɣ֪˶£ѣ컻أӢ۱ȵȣʵ̫ˡ
Уǧħ񣬾Ȼ˻ްĿֲڡ
ʱ䣬ޱķ򡣡
ַʱ䷨ƺ˸̵ԭΪԼƿߣôзӦ˽ⲻġ
ڿƺû˽ʱ䷨򡱡
ĳ˵µʱ֮šʱճӵȵȣʵʱ䷨йأʱ䷨һ֡
ַȴ޷
ˣʱ̫ˣԱԴ̫άָʮҵʱ٣תûκθ
ַĽʱٿʮҡ򱶣ʵҪĴ汾ԴΪʲôʵ籾Դһ־ֻ
ַӴ󣬱ԴҲܳ㣬ά򱶵ʱ٣ҡټά浱ʱ䣬¶ûκ⡣
ַѾųɾŵĿѾﵽûбҪάôʱٲӶ籾ԴĹ
籾ԴԼǻǳĻҲַ忿ʱ֮ţʱһһ磬ܹô̵ʱڣô籾Դˡ
ţˣټѾûκ壬ǵ취뿪硣ǵÿʱ֮Ŵ󡣡
ַʱ֮ţԺ˸ͷ
ֻͨʱ֮ţٵеУʱӡǡַĿǰ̣ħ֮£͸ˡ
ֻǣһѾһΣĿǰʱֻ֮ʣ磬Ҳ˵ַֻٴΣʣöʱӡǡ
ַɲһһεĴᡣʱӡǣΣգɾûб֤ˡ
ȫİ취޳ɲͰ˹еħѪ⣬ɲͰ˹Ҳ޷Ӧַľλá
ֻϧַ峢˺ܶ취ѰһһĵطҲûܷħµѪ⡣ʱ£ֻתȥˣҲûֻؽ緢κħϢ
ħֶεȷܿ£ַƿߣҲ޷ħеһ˿Ѫ⡣
ħǲǻַ嶼Ҫ뿪磬ֻҵƿߣַƿ֮·Ųĵħв
ಣ
ˣַٴʱ֮Уʱճӣ׼һ磬ֱӾ˽ȥ
磡ϣһΣһЩħˡ
ַӰܿʧʱճУѾʱճеĵС

磬һӴ̺硣Ҳˣô磬ζԴ籾ԴħƿߣΪĿȨ֣ս
սѾ˼ǧ꣬ڽĽβƿѾռ˾Եơ
磬ƿǵĴӪһ޴սݣب֮Уɢ޾Ϣͳ硣
绹ħ磬Ӳдǿ֮ĩˡȥ̤ƽħ磬ռ磡
˵һΣħսڶˡ׷ЩħһɣЩħҵһܵĵطûбҵ֡ħǷչ˵ǻ粻
ԭ׼ƬСǧ磬ٿһսգнǧܸУһλһ㸺Ӵ콫Сǧ˽ܸ´õ
λȻ
Ǻǣ𣬿սϣΪһˣʱлǧܸУǿҵȱ׷󰡡
Ľ˵
ȻͬΪԭļ𣬵ԣʵǿҲսĸˡսܹʤ󲿷ֹͶ䵽ͷϣȻܵԭӡ
Ҳѵõ¶һ˿Цݵҵƿħɱ꣬ʤЩħսթƶˣǲòֻʣħ磬ҪλЭ״ݻħ磬˲Ǹǡλ㣡
ģҵһľ
ЦʤЩ߸ϵƿǣҲ˲ѡ


1200 Ҫģ
ƿߣƿ߰ʧʮħǿʮħ
ħڣʮһħţֲϢƺҪħǵʮһħʱҲԲҿ
ʮһħ磬ǳƺΪǧħǾڱ仯ħթ¯࣬ʱƿһʱ죬޷֡
ˣʮһħżطսˮ㣬ռЩˡǰЩӣʮһħȥ磬ħ᧿Σļ۸Ǻܸ߰ġʮһħͲסȥ硣
ոȥͱһƿ߸նһħʮһħЩģǰʱٴǰ硣
һΣʮһħȻЩ̫ãȻƿԭġ𡱡
ǿļ֮һǿƿ֮һ
ΪˣʮһħʮħĴۣҪʮħǿɲףҪʮ籾ԴҪǧʱ䣬ʱпָܻ
һ죬Ҫ㸶ʹۣ
ʮһħҧгݣȴȥˡҲ˳ȥƿǼ׿磬ȥħˡ
Уֲʧ
ʮһħһתҪ뾡ֲʧҪôǲħȥ嫵ĺѰҪڶʱѰʮ磬ڳ˵ΣͲܡ
οħҲ޷¡ҵ磬չ÷ֳһָ£ûħͶˡ
ħ˽ħС
ˣǰʱ䣬㱨гֵǸƿߣеƺ٣Լ߸
ʮһħһ뵽ǰʱ䣬Ļ㱨ϴΣŰ˹أ޹ûǸƿߣͷһ
ʱȥ磬ûôϡ
ڣճˣʧأҪ̻ЩʧǸƿ߻ֲһЩʧȻͽ˵ʮһħС
ȥ˹
ʮһħ˽ħ˹һͷҲħ
˹Щսսǰĵʮһħʧأÿ춼ħɲҴŭħˣͷһԲ
˹㻹ܸӦںеƿ𣿡
ʮһħħڻص˹΢΢һ̾ͷӦ˹æ˵ܣܸӦƿߵټ֮ǰƺĳְ취޷ӦڣƺܸӦˡ
ƿַ壬ʲô취ε˹ĸӦ˹Ҳ˼⡣
ܺãֻҪܸӦСڸһ񣬽һ֧ӣһʮλȫ㣬סһҪܣλʧˣͲûˡ
˹пϲһ֧ӰǺʮһħߵһ֧ӣʮλħ
߶޳ħӳ޳ʮħĿֲħһ֧飬ȫȥԸƿߣ˹Ҳ
һ뵽ƿʧֶΣ˹ȴЩԥ
ΰħ£ƿЩŹ֡һζҪɹܻ񣬵ȴͻȻʧˣûκټΣʧٵĻ¡
˹Ļ˼ףƿַ壬ܿʧٵЩħǿʲôҲ֪ôȻʧ
ʮһħüͷһƿߣмˣʲôֶΣϢʧ
ˣǱһѪ⡣ҵǸƿߣȷλãʧģסҪģ
ʮһħȻԸԶ˹˿Ҫַٴʧŭ֮µĵʮһħὫ˺顣ħԶ֣ǳ벻ɣ˹޹ˡ
лΰħ£һҵƿַ塣
˵꣬˹㹧ˡʮһħµһ֧СӣѾħȴţӳǴħѪɷ
Ѫɷӳ̰ɣֻˣѪɷӳƿߡ
˹ħѪɷϹϾȻħǡһ֧Ӹָ֧ӣϾеκһ޳ħȰ˹֪ǿ˶١
ħ磬ǿΪʵõ֤ͨħ֮˹ҲҵΡ
֪У·
ѪɷҲ˹̬ȣȥץһֻмƿߣѪɷͲ⡣
ﻹҪħԳ֣֧ӶˣòһƿߣǲЦ
˹Ҳҵ̴Ѫɷһħ뿪ħ磬Ӧķȥ


1201 Ǹ˷ɹˣ
磬ɨħЩϵħɣһЩħҵһЩصطûбƿ߷֣뽫Щħҳƿ˵ض鷳ϡ
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1202 һ
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1203 겻ɢˣ
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1204 ӭʮһħ£
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1205 ħǿô
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˲䣬ַ忴޾ĺУƺȵʮһħħӴ磬ȻͬϢͷֶ£ԼԿһž޴ף֮С


1206 
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ħݷߣ
ʮһħϵļħһӷ飬ǿ˲ͰסʣµħȻΪһâգۼʧ˺С
ƺҲֻĿŵʮһħߡȻʮһħߣȴʧʮħĿǰֻʣ˾ʮħνʧأʧ
ʧʮһħɾʧʮħ˾޴ʧڵʮһħһħûˣпħλöᱻҡ
ŵʮһħߣƬָֻƽַźԼһӰһȻİϢȴǳϤӰ
ƿߣƿߵϢ
ˣ
һӰ˺֮Уַ廹ǵӰ֮󣬻мϢӰͳͳƿߡ
û뵽ƫƧ򣬾Ȼܼһλƿߣ
ӺĿַ塣
ַҲûзɾ裬ȻԷ˵ʮһħҲɢƿߵϢҸݸղʮһħĶԻԷӦҲһλƿߣų
ǵѣַҲΪԷԼ;öԷһƵģˣɱž裬һвԾ̾ͼʱӡǡ
˭
ַʵ
ԭļ֮һЩ𣬶ԭƿߡսǷһЩħսˣ׷ٶû뵽ǡ÷ǧħԳֽˡ֪γƺķ
ҽַ壬Ҳƿߡķûмκ
ûмκߣ
΢΢һ㶣߿ɲÿһλߣܹСǧдʵҲһǳǿ
ǰַ壬ֻʵʮƿߣʵҲСôǶߡ
ַܵ⣬οӴĵһλƿߣҲַкܼ뿪磬Ѱҵƿˣڿλһᡣ
ǣֱַ˵ʵǺ絮һλƿߣĿǰûнӴκƿߣǡ
絮ƿߣ
۾͵һ漴¶˲˼ɫ޵û뵽¾ȻԼΪƿߣ⡭ǲ˼飡¿ɷ˵˵γΪƿߣ
ַһ£Ǿ͸¶ϾҲʲôˡ
һԴڣ桭
ַĽͣҲ¶һȻɫ
ַǸ˲ǳȻԼɹһɳΪһλƿߣ
Ե̾
ţѵλƿ߲
ַЩɻƿ߳棬취
ȴҡҡͷʵɹжôãַӦַһ棬ܷ֤ɹһ˶ˣǿ磬ûжƿˡ
ǶǻƿзţԶʯٳ磬ɹʻ࣬ԶԶûַ𿪱ôѡԵģԶʯٳ磬ڶʯƷʣպޣ޾Ƕʯɵļޡңھ˼ޣʯֻٸ磬Ҳ޷
ҪͱʯһöƷʵĶʯǳ󣬼ڴǧ統УһöƷʵĶʯˣҵʹ˶ʯƿߣֻѰһᣬȴƷʵĶʯַ֡ȴͬǿԼǿпٳ磬ȫûмޣԲͣ磬Ǳ
ƿߣַĿⶼ¶һ˿ĽɫǵģַܹܵУȷ¶Ľ֮ɫ


1207 뿪
ԭˣû뵽ƿ߻ô𡣡
ַһ˼ı顣
һֱǿԼУʵ̫ƿˡַȻ̡Ļᡣ
ˣһֱ̡
Ҳ֪޲ԣƺַܷģ£̬ȡһʱ䣬˫ദҲǳ졣
ַǶߣδǱһֱں磬Ǿʵ̫ϧˡƿߵһЩطʶȵȣ㶼޷˽⡣ַ֪ɷǼԭ󣿡
ԭ󣿡
ַһСĽʵҶƿߵһ֪֪ԭʲô
ҲûЦ˵Ȼַ֪ԭԭһƿܲǧ徽磡ԭУλСǧ徽УҲǶ֮һ
ַϸ಻֮Ҳֱѯʵ𣬲֪Сǧʲô˼
⵹ˣַԼٵ磬ΪƿߣгʶҲһһһܡ
˶٣Цż˵ַӦ֪磬ʵֻһƫƧں֮⣬һ𣬻۳һӴ磬ǳ֮ΪСǧ硣
Сǧ֮ϣΪǧ磬Լ˵Уģǧ磡СǧǧʵĴСǧСǧ磬ǧ硣Ҳûȥǧ磬ڴǧ綼ϢƲ⣬ǧģԭ㣬һһһзԴͷ׷ѰŴǧӰƺܹҵǧ硣
ڽʵҵƿеľ硣ҵƿߣڿٳΪҪôһС磬Ҫô磬Դʵһ̶ȣɱСǧ磬ˣͳΪ˽ֻСǧСǧɱǧ磬Ǿǧ
磬硣Сǧв٣ǧȴָ徽磬ûһλǧֻгΪǧпѰҵǧ磬Ӷǧ硣
ַСǧ硢ǧ硢ǧ磬ֱ߸֪ǰûӴ󣬺־úֱ޾
ڿͲʲôСǧ硢ǧԼ˵еĴǧ硣
ûǧѰҵǧ磿
ַʵ
⡭Ѱҵ˰ɣҲûСǣ浽ǧĵأСС𣬿ûʸ֪
ЦҡҡͷȻΪļ֮һ֪жôңԶľ룬֪ǧأ
ˣħô£
ַ뵽ħ
ħϵƿкܴȻͬЩħģǿ籾Դħħǵĸħʵ۵ħﵽһϣԳΪħҪΪħǾ͵۳һǧħС
ħлϵĴڣǾħһħֲ˲һСǧ磬ÿһγ֣޾ѡһħһλ
ַ˵ͷܵĺϸˣƿԼħҲһֱ۵˽⡣ֻǺǳԵ˽⣬ƿħ粻ϵķսϵᣬ˫ֶΡȵȣֱ˵ҹҲ˵ꡣ
ַ𣿼ԭһڡ
Ҳڻ£ַ塣ַǱжôĿֲҪκζʯûκƿƿߣֱǱ
Ǳ֪ҲһܵĹע
Ϊƿߣпܾһλӣԭжλ𣬲ˡ
ˣԭܳΪ徽Ķ֮һһλأԭƻʢ
£ַԭǱȻʵȴδ
ַʵһֱڿǣΪ˺ܲĽ£ַҲԭһֱ۵˽⡣
һӴ󣬱ӲӵλﶼǶ֮һ
ǾˣܹԭҲĳҡ
ַ¶һ˿ЦݣӦ
ַһȷѡ񣬼ԭһڣû뵽磬ԭֻ̽һܷ񿪱һսû뵽ַ𣬳Ϊˣԭջ²˳٣ַǾͷɣʱҪһʽܳΪԭʽԱˣ
ַȻû飬İš
ߣ
Цһ漴ַ壬ֱӻΪһ⣬ʧ˺硣


1208 Ҫ㣡
ããޱ޼ʣַĸܵ˿ԼٶȣںдٶȾж죬ַҲûһֱ۵ʶоӦò
ûпռ䣬ޱ޼ʣûռ䣬θ·ģѵÿһθ·Ҫķѳɰǧ꣬ʱ䣿
ַʵʵҲһֱɻĵط֮ǰ˵ʮһħʩչˡħݷȻѡ
ħĶݷҵʮһħҲô͸ϵַǰ϶ķ
΢΢һЦǰûпռ䣬ʱ䶼ûӦȷЩ⡣Сǧ磬ĵطʵ̫ˡ֮ͨ£ǽСǧ绮Ϊһһ򣬳֮Ϊ򡣱ʵǽ磬ҲЩͨвͬĹ򣬱򣬾һƬڣûпռ䣬ʱҲ޷Ӧһεѹƿ߶ܵǿҵѹ
ȻĹͬһЩĹʵͨġƿʵħ࣬ҪӦͬĽ򣬰취ֻһǾԼΨԼɿģȥһһĹʵ̫̫鷳ʵԲߡһĹ򣬵ĽҲûˡ
Լͬͨκν֮Сħħƿߵǵ硣ֻҪܹĳķ˲伤ôܱױȵͨĳطˣ֮ǰʮһħʩչħݷĳǿħطԱħӶü޵ٶȣգۼʧӰ٣ӶȥӰս
ƿҲһҲӦطЩطͨԭ֮ãھʹһ·İ취ⲻʲôκһλƿ߶֪ԴҲûʲô鷳
ַ˵ͷĻϲ˵ǾͶлˡ
޷Сһ׮
漴ʹַ·һЩСɡȻ˵Сɣַ˵ȴһȫµ˼·ͺһȫµĴš
ԭƿ֮һһ䣬Ӷ˲䱬ǿԽٶһֲĵزһ˵ԽǿôٶȾԽ졣
Ȼ϶һЩصЩٶȱϣǳֲֻ֮ǣЩͲܹڵˣȵַԭַԭڻá
ˣ֮СɵãַҲһںгˣٶȣڶʱ뿪硣
ٶȣǲ˺ܶ࣬Ͼٸ֮УʮһħѹʵжôĿֲ
Ƕʯƣܸǿ
ˣ˶ϣں̵ܶʱڣѾ뿪˺硣뿪ʱַȥֺȻһƬͷ·Ǻҹһע⡣
Ҳѹ֣ôʱ䣬ƿǶûз֡Ҫ׷ħҲֺᷢ硣
ţʱӡûκӰ졣
ַѾ뿪˺磬Ѿӽˣֱϵʱӡǣȴûʧַ嶼ܸоʱӡǣܹһʱ䷵ʱ֮š
ַĵ̣
ʱӡǣַҲͳװģǰİ磬ַҲʲôΣա
ˣǰˣ
ʱ䶼ûУֻмʱʹַһȫµĽ򡪡磡
ಣ
ַһ硣ոտ룬ַ˺رĸоͺһˡˮСһ
˷ӿѹܵĸо
ôоΣ
Цʵ
ܣ˷ѹͺȫһ
ȻÿĹ򶼲ͬƿߣǵӦ󲿷ֵĽԶ
ַ尴飬ȫסʱоͳʧˡ
ϾǿѹһɢʵҲͲʲôˡ
档
ַеܾ棬ȻƿˣҲʵԼãǳĴֲڣʱͲ֪á
ԭַҲ¶ģһҪݺݵġ񲹡һƿĻãҪӼʶΪһϸ񡱵ƿߣ
ַ𣬸ɣҪ㡣
ƺӵʲôϢֱӴַ壬ģһ޴սݷȥ


1209 ԭ
𣿡
ַ΢΢ЩȣᵽԭʵⷽСǧ磬û̫㡣磬ֻԭǲⷽСĵһսҲǵһ㡣ˣɳƿҲ൱ǿļΪס
ļĴʵס
ԣǴļ죬ҲʵĪƿߡҸҪǣĶʯ൱ǿһŶǶʯò˶ãΪһˡ
ᵽһʱҲĽ֮ɫ
һܷϸ˵˵
ǺǣʵҲǳʶƿߣȻͨƿ֮ϾǽеĿ֮󣬼ֱˣĶ٣ֳرķšǴսţ뾳޹أʵϾ綼𣬶ƿߡ
һ磬Ǿһһڸ磬ǾǶϣǾ͵þ֮߱СʵħҲһħٵһǧħҪ÷ţһħǾ͵ħħҲħħֱӵı֣𿹺⡣
ַ˵ͷ
𡢽Ǿϵ֡
м䣬ڿʵ̫ˣϸʵ֡Ҹսֳ˼š
һǡǡǣֻǷŰˡ
һٵ磬ֱַ࣬ʵֲ̫ˣԶԶ
Ҫ֪ʵ̺磬㣬ʵҲֻ߸ˡ㲻ҪԶһǿ󣬵Ҳ硣㣬ַӵʮһʮս
ԱһǼֱ󣬻˵ɳǳ֮ȫᲢۡ
һǵΰڣһʱǲȥˣ磬һλһûСԭܸ󣬵׼һλһƺⷽСǧУٿһսǶûʲôϵȥ𣬲ýţΪ˻ǺܺƵġ
ǶַܺƣʵϣַλǱ޵Ҳǰùϵ
֪Ǵַܸ㱨󣬿ַͽӭˣʱʾãûôˡ
ܿ죬ַģһ޴սݣʵϣԭķֲ
֮ǰһֱս֮У㵽ڣսҲûг׽ˣֲսǿսݣԷħǵϮ
죬ַ˳ľͽ뵽ԭУҺܿڴ˴
ϣȴûһ˿ƣ崺磬׽Сַȴĸо̺ŵĿֲƺй¶һ˿ѾǾ춯أľ
Ǵļ֮ף
𡣡
ַ΢΢Ǳʾ𾴡
λᵽַ𣿹Ȼͬ졣
һ˫۾ַܽ忴͸һҲ΢΢ͷʾ⣬ƺ⡣
ںջַˡ
ַں磬棬ٳ磬Ϊƿߣʵܿɹһ徽ܸ㱨ܸܿͻַţԭǷǳӭġ
ַ˼䣬̬ԵúͰףȴһƺûһ˿⡰׽̬֮
ַϸһҲȻˡ
׽ǿǱϡ˵ңԶַ츳ûжʯûƿôպΪһ𣬼û̫⡣
أѾ޽ӽһˣܿܳΪһȻַ̬ȾͲôͽᡱ
κһλһǶһڣͳϽ򶼲ʲôȻ佾
ˣں۲ôˣ
ʵ
𣬺еȷһȺħƺһħ硣Ϊߣçɽħ𣡡
çɽѹûмçɽӰԭϢռ˺硣çɽöԸں翪ս£ôӳˡ
ɽһ£ƺçɽܼɵ
ȽַȥϤһԭɡȻܸûڿʼַʱԭʽԱԭʽԱȨޣַҲӦоСȵܸʽַٰľְ񣬲ַ֪Σ
ַȻͷӦһӴţ
ѾַԭʽԱȨޣڽֻȱ˾ְˡѾ൱ĲַȻûʲô
ǣַܿǱ뿪˴
ַ뿪ķ򣬴Ŀһ˿â˼


1210 
ԭսݺܴܴ˵սݣʵһʹ½һ磬ˣԭڶȫûκ⡣
ַ屻һǰЦ˵Ҳ֪ϲϲԺ䣬ס䶴ɡȻܸûѾŵӵԭʽԱȨޣˣһӦԭʽӵı׼Ϥһԭ󣬹һʱ䣬ȵܸʽ´󣬻֪ͨ㡣
ˡ
ַ΢΢֣Ÿм֮顣Ϊļ֮һԭȨ֮һôķԴַϤԭѾǡΡˣַ嵱Ȼݡ⡱
Ҿȸˡ
漴뿪ַҲֱӽ˶֮С
ݼ𣡡
ڶУַ巢ˣ֮ࡣʵһͿռ䣬ȻԳ磬Ҳ࣬˵ˣɼ˶´ࡣ
ףʲôˣ
ַЩ棬Щ˶˵ƿħͨԣ˵ַƿߣཻͲˣһˡڵͲεȴУҲΪҪ
ħƿߣ鲼ǧ硢Сǧÿ䣬ȻȻ֮ԾͳΪͨԡַһصʱѾͨԡ
Щ˵ľͨԣһĸŮӣĻشǶάߣԶάתǶµˣôǱ˵ӣ˵κβǲ
ַ˵ͷһλ𣬲ȥάһЩ£Ҳȷߵ˸ʺϡ
ÿһλƿ߶磬Ǹʣ
Ǵģ
ǶħƵеٲǴһЩУУԸάź𡣡
ַʵʲô֣Ҳħˣ
ҽвʵҵѾħ˱Դ˴󲿷ֶ浱УԸеġ
ַ˵ͷʣµҲûѯʡʵУҲͼ˵һ뷨ġ
ϾһУȻϣҲܳѣʵҲܺǿΪƿǼܡ˵ֻϵĿܡϾûһλƿߣٵһλƿߡ
ˣֻ棬кѣȴôһ˿˿ΪƿߵĻᡣʵӦҲ뷨ڶάʵҲö⣬ܻʹͣٶȸ죬һõ¡
ʵҽһɣԭҲ򵥽һ¡
ʵһҲֵˣȻַҪΪַϸһڶУиְ֡ܡ򣬱ѺȵȣӦоСһ൱һСˣԼĶڣӵžԵƿȨǴûеõ֮£Ҳ޷ĶС
ԭǾ͸Ӧоˣ󲿷ֻԭʽԱţʵģǲԭ߶ֻܻڶУԭ涨
ַ˽˶ԭ󣬾Ȳǰԭ¥ˡַеģҪѧϰһЩƿߵĻ
Ļ·ѡϾڵֻǻ㲻жôĶءҪöǿ͵ȥ¥Ѱҡ
ַ¥Ҳмλƿػš
ݺһλƿѵַǴǰԭʽԱȨޡʽԱԭ󶼻ѡѡĻᡣˣֻѡѡ͵ù׶һס
ַ˵ͷѡĻѾˡ
ù׶һףҲԺˣַûһ㹱ףϾַҲŽֻмˣ綼̫٣ʵһ㣬ǾǱĩá
¥Уַ忪ʼѡһַûκԥȻҪѡٶ
СǧǧУһޱӴ󡣶ÿһĹ򶼲ͬҪСǧǧΣĽٶȾҪġ
ַĿǰյСɣٶȻԶԶˣҪһٶ
ԭٶҲģ鼮ϵٶĿֱʤ
ַ巴Ϊѡһٶˡ


1211 ܸϢ
ЩʵƿߵΪͨãӶٶȡ
ַϸһųЩҪΪĿǰʺʵԸѡһţʵٶҲ漴
ڳɳһȦΧҪСࡣ
ʵͬС죬ࡣԭҲһͨӶ߱żٶȡ
еıȽϳ־ãеע˲䱬
ףе˼˲䱬е֮գķʽĿռ䣬ռ˲ٶȡ
ַϸķֽһųɳ籬𵴺ƺƵٶȽΪ£Զһ
ѷЩħħݷ
ַһоǰһ˼·ԭȻͬħħݷ
ַۼʮһħʩչħݷ˼ħ൱ƿԱڵ磬ӶĿֲݷٶ֮죬ֱ˼ʮһħʩչħݷҲ޿κΡ
ܣʵԶǿڵʮһħȴҲ޷׷ʹħݷĵʮһħħݷĿ¡
ڣȻųħݷȻַȤ
ַ·ʱ֪ΪΪûƹ㿪ѡˣΪһȱݣ˵ơ
Ǿǣƿǵգźܴ˺һƿ磬ʯǺǿǿٳ磬޷ס𵴡
ʱ𵴻Ľն飬綼ٱǾͲǿɱˡ
һ顱Ǿǽ磬ǵǶʯٶ磬ſԳ
ǶʯζʲôζһǶʯٳ磬ǿԳΪ𣬺ųӵа֮޽ӽ
ǶʯεǽǶᾡǶʯ磬һҲûжǶʯ
Сǧ磬𣬶ǰˣĴڡСǧ統УŻǶʯжôĺˡ
ȻҪǶʯٵ磬ǿɾþųɾϵƿ߶ͷ
ַ˵ȴȫԽܵǶʯǿ϶ûеģҲҪӵǶʯ
棬ޱȵȹ̣һҲǶʯٵҪӵȹ̡Ϊл֮֮Уʹַգﵽһּȹ̣ơ̬ĵز
һѡˣ
ַֽץУѡĵһûн⿪ƣ޷
ַѡڶšٶ⣬ȱһŹͷ
Ŀǰַսֻǿԭʼֱӵİ취ǵһʱᣬҲ޷ӳٷְٵ˵ʹӸǿˡ
Ҫ
ַѡԴνԴ壬ǽͳͳںһ𣬲˷һ˿һĹˮƽȻǳֲ
ֻǣҪỨһʱ䣬ַ˵ҲʲôȻŹԶԶ㲻⣬ҲƲ棬ȴʺƿߵġƿߵƣڵһô
ۺΪһ屬ֲĹѾܿɹˡ
ڷַǿʵĿռ䡣ԶԶǿĹп˺ĤӶƻ档
ˣַѡ˱Ĥǿһͨûʲôµȴʺַ
ˣѡϣַ¥֮󣬴˶֮С
ַԣʵǳ򵥡ֲΣʲôط°빦ûʲô̫ľ
ϾֻǸƿߵĸ硣㹻࣬ûʵû̫
ַֻ˲һµʱȫɡַ˵Ҳ׾٣գȫܹܵסһδ𵴡
ʱƣַոս޳ɺ󲻾ãӭ
ԭܸϢˣϲַˣڿʼѾΪԭʽԱڴַһҪϢҪַ֪ͨ𣬻ְַйء
ַǰһ֪ԭеְҪְ񣬲뿪ԭ󣬵չΡ磬ǿʵ
֪Ұʲôְ񣿡
ַѯʡ
ȴҡҡͷҲ̫ǱޣܸҲ϶㣬İɣһкô
˵꣬ЦһҲַ岻ɵõְ
ַ˵ͷô²Ҳ޼£ֻȥ𣬵ʱȻ֪ˡ


1212 ս
ԭУַһμ˴𡣲ʱڴߣȴİƿߣϵϢѷɫ١
𡣡
ַİ𿴵ַҲĬĬͷʾ⣬ƺ¶һ˿׽֮⡣
ַλ붬𡣡
𣬼𡣡
ַһݣļ𶼾ˣҲ֪𾿾ʲô¡
ټλҲҪ顣ܸѾһλһ׼ƹŽ򿪱ٳһµսƹŽЩħƬǧ磬ΪҪĽ֮һˣƹսʵѣҲΣաԭǲһЩȥƹŽ򣬾ҲǰƹŽ򡣡
ҲСЩħռݡˣܸ飬ͳȫ֣𡢶ЭĿǰһǰ磬ս콫ħնַλһȥ翪µսɣϾǺԺϤ
ĿƵַ壬Ȼְַķ䣬ҲǴܷˡְ񣬶ַźܴĺô
һ¿ٵսǾʹ޵Ŀܣǧܸе𣬶뾡취ǰСǧսΪСǧսУ׻磬ӶѸٵʵ
磬ڶ࣬һȫµĵطħʵֲǺǿַ൱Ϥһں翪սַɸױúô
л𣡡
ַһ񣬴⣬ˣεļĵס
ַ𣬽ǿɾ͵ùˣں磬ԭ˽ľַˣҿɵúúַ̡
ΪսĸˣַҲʾ⡣ȻַġǱԸ⽻á
ǣϸ˽˺󣬱պһǰ磬µսؽħռ硣
ʱڣ׼šַȴûʲô׼ԭʱַ̣ܶƿȻҲ˽һЩϾޡ
ַɴҲ˷ʱˣֱȥ
Ϊļ֮һ϶ƿкܶ˽⡣
Ǽǰ磬һЩʣȴ²졣
ַҲûйĨǣֱ˵ѯʡ
ŶַʲôҪ˽ģѯʡ
Ǻܴ󷽣Ц˵
ַһճʵˡðƿ֮䣬ҲһŽһ£ҲףҲᡣǻ᲻֣ƿ֮以ɱɵ֣
ַһֱѯʵġ
ƿ߼Ȼʵôɸ磬ƿ˵ȻҪˡ
İĽУѰɣпħɱܻΣաƿߣǸ׻
ңпһ죬ô硣
ַ֪ն񣬲ƿ߾ôġࡱ
ַ⣬Ǽ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ͷشô̵ʱڣַܹʶһ㣬Ѿ൱ˡ磬ʵİƿħ֮ĵˣֻܻɱ֮䣬ûпɱʵҲпܣƿߵʵ̫̫١ħƿߵǳϡ٣ǺʵҲ٣ԶԶЩħ
ϡٵƿ֮䣬ȻҲȽ٣һ㶼֡ϾƿߣҲôףοƿ߱ǿߣǷǳٵġƿƿߵ磬Ǽܡ
ţΪβܣ
ַЩ档
ÿһλƿߵ磬һŲƽ磬صӡǡƿ߶صĹһóȻɣͬǾֻܱ͵ѹȥǿɣҪôҪô˫綼ֻֿܡƿߣǾ͸ˡÿһλƿߣűԲκһ¡
ԣƿ߻֮ɱпܣʵƿ磬ǸͲܡ
ַȻƿߣȻƿ磬жصӡǣԼصĹ򡣶һǿֻؽ磬׷׸Щӡ
ҪɣͲܡ
ҲΪƿ֮ص㣬ƿڲĻƿ߾ͲôŽᡱˡ
Ϊ棬յʵ̫ˣǿɲκΡȫ֡뷨


1213 ͬȣ
ȥ翪սַһҪץסᡣĻɲһֱУ粻̫ΣգҲһçɽħ𡣵Կ⣬ֻҪħǡ
ַ˵ͷȻ֪˵ġᡱʲôǾÿսʱںСɡ磬ʵ
ֻһЩħռݵ磬ܾɡƿռݵĽУǲġ
ܣƿռݵĽУʵҲˣϾУҪƿ浱Сӻ⣬ƿƿе硣
ΪǼ֮ͬˡԭռݵ磬һЩûбƿɣµ磬ܻһЩЩ磬ֻΪЩй͵ԭԱ
ƿߣǿ磬Ǽԭսˡ
ˣܹϿսĻᶼ󣬴ַ尲ȥ磬ʵȷͷš⡱
ˣˣ
ַ඼˽ˣǡ
£𡢶Эһǧƿ𣬺ƺƵĳź
һˣƿߵȷԶԶַлҪ١Ȼƿ߿ԺŬɹ߱١ټ϶ʯҲ൱ϡ٣ƿߵȻͺˡ
öʯ磬ǿһַĥѣһŽɹĸʸ͡
ûжʯĳ֣ƿߵӵϡ٣磬¶ħ⡣
Щħ˵ģٶȴܿ죬ԶԶƿҪǿħƿҪܶࡣ
ƿҲƵģͬһΣƿ߶ҪǿࡣƿҲȥûħĲԣ볹նɱһƿߣҲǳѡ
ԭƿǣƺƵʩչܿͶ˺硣ƿ˵İģǶǵһַ˵ȴġ硱ȻϤˡ
ûпռ䣬Ҳ޷Ӧʱ䣬صĹһʼҲƿ޷ӦƿҲͽӦˡ
˺ĵһ£ǾǽһսݣҲƿħսЧֶΡ
ħħ磬ƿҲսݡһսݽħǾͺѹơͬģħĴڣЩħͺѱɱ㱻նҲܺܿħиʮѲ
սݣҪ̫ƿ߰æֱ𡢶λͷųƺõıݣȻһ𣬾γһ͵սݡ
սһģһ
ЩսݣƺõĳƷÿһսݿɶ޼֮޷ơ
ֻнսݡ
ˣܹСǧ翪սħĶһЩнƿЩûнƿ޷ħսĳǿƿС
ʵԭûнƿ޷Ƴսݡûսݣħʱûκƿԡ
սݺƿҲûжͳͳսݣλ˸Ķ顣
һƿߣҲһֵƿߣȻҲһֵƿߡ
λĶ飬ֱͬķ˲ܸٵռ硣
ַȻѡ¡
Ȼ·ͬʱҲڲͬķ򡣵һжôӴ󣿼ֱͬһ·ƿߣʵҲǷֱһˡ
ƿ֮ҲϵģҪ̫Զܹ֧Ԯ
ʱַһİĸо߸ƿͬ飬һ״ܵһʱԮ
ͬĸо̫ˣַںУħĴ׷ɱֻܿЩħԽԽ࣬ħ磬η壬ַε׷ɱ
ڣַҲͬСͬ顱ˡ
ħ
ַûЩħ׷ɱģɲħ˹ħеʮһħַ嶼εļš
һΣҪʮٱķ
֮ҪѰҵ磬ɸ硣Щпᣬȴʵ
ƿ߲ߣԵ޹Щ磬ҲǶ󣬲ŻԶ硣
ֻǣƿǵΪħôң౻ƿɵ磬ܷչԽԽãҲõ˱ӻħš
ˣַȴҲƿ߲ߣĳ˵ƿʵħһģ֮ڵ綼Ϊ֮һա
ˣ
Ȼַ΢΢һ
ȣ
ַ廹ûҵ磬û뵽ȴյԭͬϢһλƿȣֻһԭ
ħˣ
𵴣
ַûκԥһʱʩչձһɺַ˲仯Ϊһ⣬գۼʧӰ٣ٶȣǰ


1214 һг꣡
ãȻһƿߡ
ߣںгƿߣɲʲôпЩƿѾʼˡ
пǸҪϢɱƿߣٽϢħ»㱨һܵõܶʹ͡
ƿ߰ÿһƿıԴǳӴζħҲ㹻ˡ
޾ĺУħʩչħһƿΧм䡣ƿħԶһ硣
ħȵƿյϢ֧Ԯ󣬿ǻЦó
ܽɫ£һӵĸƿʵ̫Ҳǿ
һλħ˿̣Χߵħħɶߣͳͳħħ
ħһܽ𶼸еЩмܡ
ʵڲУֻʩչˣ
֧ܽһһν磬ôˣʵ̫ˡοһЩߣûأǿɾ鷳ˣûаٷְٵİܹߡ
ˣ֧ס;֧ס
ţͬӦˣַڸ
ܽһʱ䷢ȵϢԭҲûָܿ˸ϾȻÿһСе𣬶̫Զж󣿾յϢһʱ䣬˵ˡ
ǣַܽȻû˵
ַû˵λѵǸոռԭ𣿡
ܽɫ΢΢һǸոռԭǿɾ鷳ˡͨʵǿԭҲֻһЩְ񡱣ܹԭǿƿߣĴȥսӶá硱Ļᡣ
пܾͺܽʵҪ𣬾ҲﲻʲôæΣյС
ܽѯַʵںУܹӦϢѾ൱ˣϵ̸ǸͲܡ
ټһλַ𾿾ΣϣҪʧ򣬾ֻܶˡ
ܽһҧɴʩչȫħ
ħʩչħһޱֲǱ׼һ磬ȴܽ
ħ𣬾ûл͵أһֻһֿܣսսݣ
䣡
ܽչȫ磬֮ƺƵħɱһħʩչħֱգԶԶľֲܸܵϢ˫սһನòԶǸҵ𵴣е飬һսսֻܡĿӡԶս
ನǿһ㣬ԴݻٵԱߵˡ
ûеѾҪ֧Ųסˡ
ܽɫЩ԰ףо磬·ѾҪ֧ŲסˣĤ챻ħ˺ѡ
һħ˺Ĥ統УܽǳζʲôǺܿζţᱻħ̵ıԴΣա
ˣûȫİգƿħսǾԲҽħŽ統սΪһʲôʣƿ߾ųΣ
ಣ
ܽҪ֧ŲסǲҪʩչʱַڸϵˡ
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ħҲӦԶһӰɢŨϢ
һƿߣ
ħʮ־裬һʱһħӭȥ
ৣ
ַոոϵһɨѾǰľħΧһλƿߣƿߵѾ൱ˡ
ʱһħȴӭ˹ַһ˿âһħħ൱ħˡ
ħƵַ岻òʱӡߣڣַѾȣѾȫһˡ
Դһ
û˿ԥַʩչ˹ոɵĹеһ磬˿ȫ֮ס˳Ϊһ塣
ն
ַƴͷ·һޱȵĴһݺݵһն¡

ħħ̾ħֲϢŰݺݵĳַ
ħûг嵽ַǰʱַƾѾͷһ¡С
ʱħһ𣬾޴۾¶һ˿֮ɫп־֮ɫ
ַһж£ħħȻ޴ħг꣬ҽûзѾնħ
һħǿħһ棬˲䣡


1215 ѹħ
ʲô
ˣһħħȻ˲䡣
ʣµħ󾪣ܽ𶼺𾪡֪ǰԭûСַλƿߡ
Ǹոռԭôôǿ
ǿħħ
ַȴûκͣһʱ䣬ħٶȼ죬һգ۵ʱ䣬Ѿ嵽ħǰ
Դһ
ԴһԸħħַ嶼ûпǹʩչֱӶе磬Ҫ֪֮ʵ൱ʮһʮƿߡ
ļ˵ַʵֵһᡣ
ͨƿߵУʵʵѾ൱ˣٲǵ׵һࡣַʩչʱ͸ӿֲ
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ѹϵѹ
ħʱҪʩչħݷҲûлʩչˣʧȥѵʱˣֻĿַһ¡

ħһĲҽħħֱӱַһĳ촷ۣħնҲζħһ⣬ͳͳ䡣
ַҲ֪ⲻ䣬ħħСǡһΣ͵ø޴Ĵۡ
٣ʱڻָ۷壬ǲˣҪָ۷壬͵ġۡ籾Դ
Ǵͷκħ˵նħͷǶ൱صĴˡ
ܽ𣿡
ַܽڶԷϢʱͱݣҲΪܹĵõͬľԮĻûݣԮϢƿԥ
ȻַնħħʵٶȺܿ죬ҲӣգۼѾˡ
ܽҲܿ췴Ӧ˹˵ͷԣַܽǰû˵֡
Ÿոռԭ㲻֪ҵֺ
Ȼ¼ԭ𣬵ʵǲ˼飬൱ʮƿˣԸħħôɡַ𣬷ǳлԮĻֻʩչˣһһܹߡ
ַܽʾ˸лܹ־ԮѾ൱ˡϾһİĽ򣬼֧ͬԮҲпܾԮħնɱ
ˣѰҵʱħ
ַԶ硣
硣磬ħ籾ԴͻȻ֣ħע⣬˲վַֻǱħոһ籾ԴԶԶû˼ˣ⻹һ磬ַԽɣһٶַʵ
ܽȻ˵
ţ㷢ֵģӦܽɡ
ַҡҡͷ֪ԭУһսİΪ˱⻥֮磬й涨ġ
˭ȷ֣˭ɡ
ԽأĻԭ桰þ
ܽȴЦ˵Ȼ˭ȷ־˭ɣһĵĹأǾԮߣʸ硣Ļͬȣ˭ôȥԮ
ַϸһ룬ȷôһ¡νʱһƿյϢûкôԮΣգ˭ȥѡԮͬ飿
һԮܹһЩôǴȻȻͻѡȥԮĵĹأʵǳбҪ
ˣҲͲˡ
ֱַӷɵǰҲȷҪ磬ǿʵ
ҲǳӴۼס˸ղħɣףҲĴ
ַҲչ׽ƿߵĴ塣֪ƿɣܱȫʱ⼸λ׶Լͬѡ˱ַ塰ɡ
ʵϣҲûѡ񡣸οַλƿɣܺùħɣҪõöࡣ
ǣַ׵֮£棬˳Ľķ硱ɽ浱С
Դˣַ浱ֶһķַУڰ硣
ַķཻܽϵʽԭַҲ˳⣬ڶλ𡰺ѡˡ
ܽʵԶԶȲ
˻ִ񣬼Ѱ磬Ѱħ磬ǣûþͷֿˣѰ磬Լħټ
ַȴ֪ĵħѾ˾κˡ


1216 çɽ
ʮһħ£ǸǸƿַ壬ֳˣ
ħУ˹ʧ˵ʮһħħʧɫغ
ţǸƿߣֻصˣ
ʮһħһ˫۾гŭ޲ýַʬΡ
ϴΣʮһħΪ׷ɱַ壬شʧʮħټ֮ǰʧħǸһʧʮħ
ĵʮһħֻʮħˡʮħȻɺǿ󣬵ֻǶԱЩͨħǿ󣬶ԱħʮһħǶ档Ͼħٶһħϡ
Ҳֻһħܱ֮ΪħڵĵʮһħҲֻѡݷħ統УĬĬ˿ڡ
ûǣһжַ
ǸССƿߣǸԭļ뿪ԭӦǵˣôֳ˺磿
ʮһħȻŭ޲ַܽʬΡҲûʧȥǣַԭ
뿪˺磬˹޷ӦһһλħѪӦҲžһ뿪˽ǰһǾ͸޷ӦˣϾ֮Ĺ򶼲ͬθӦ
֮ǰ˹޷Ӧַ壬ʮһħƲ⣬ԷǸ뿪˺磬Ӧǰ硣
ڣ˹ȴ¸Ӧַ壬ֻ˵ַַ˺硣
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ʮһħ˳˼
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ܣĿǰսѾβѾǽˣЩƿȻѰµĽ򣬿µսУϢҪΰçɽ㱨
˵꣬ʮһħ޴ӰѸٻΪһ⣬ʧħ
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ΪǺħϵçɽħסֻħʸ̤֮С
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ڸʹǸ߰ħҲ¸߰ͷ­Ϊħס
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ʮһħ֪ϢٽƲ⣬ͳͳ˵˳
ʲôԭ׼ں翪µսһ綼ᵽЩƿߣСǧ統УħѾˡǱ֮˭Ҳ޷֮ߣƿҲУǧħ֪ͨħħսʼˣЩƿߣὫȫںģǻ鷳
ҪƿӲӲǶԺϤЩƿͬ͵Ϯ͵ϮնɱնɱţҪҪɺе籾Դ籾Դħɣյĺ磬͸ЩƿΣ
ȥɣؼʱ̣׳֡ǳ֣Ѿ㹻ˣսħӲηսЩƿ磡
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çɽ𡭡
çɽԴħ˷ħ綼ڷڡսƿ֮սħʹûη
ħͬƿ֮սħ˵ҲζŻԵϾƿ磬̺籾ԴǷǳģܹնɱһƿߣħһ죬ʵȵʮħҲǲܡ
ˣսħԣǴ߻ħ綼ڷڣÿħԾԾԣ磬Ϊħƿ֮ս


1217 
磬ħС
Դַ彫硰ɡ˺ܴı仯ħ֮֡
֪ʲôʱʼħУƺַѳһϵħ
ħΪأƺ߻ħ̰֮֮Уͻᱻħ룬ӶƿΪħūΪʬ⡣
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νħоǲ۲۵аֹһоħߣ̾Ǹɱۡ
ΰ񣡡
Ȼƺʲôеĳ
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У۳һӰȻףַ֮壡
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ħߣȻϡ٣ȴһֱûжϾǣЩħ޿ײ룬ߵĸӶ֣Ϣֻбֳ޴ƻԼһЩԵŻᱻ֣Ӷһһն𡣵ȴ޷Ӹϣħ
ַ˵ͷǧħǾҵߣҿԸǼȨͨеκ磬ܵѹơΨһְ𣬾ҳҽЩħƵ飬Ϣ
ΰĸ񣡡
ַɢ»ع鵽˱嵱С
ַı壬޾СѲӡ˵Ѳ顢̽ʱ䣬һħûҲûκһ硣һЩ⣬ǾǲħѪ⡣
ɲħ˹ħַУնħħҲ˻ˡ
ַԴ·˺һЩħѪ⣬ʼˡж
ħܲϵ㣬ֱֱӽٵʶС˳֮Ϊħ˾߻ħ˳ƺΪᡣ
ʵϣַ֪ħѪڵ
ħѪַ˵ȻСֵһᡣЩУͨ飬ħֱ޵еĴڡοôأһ˵ַ籾ԴᱻЩħٿصһ֡
Ѿһˣһ٣ٶķַ嶼ʤţƫƫȴûκΰ취
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ַǰеħѪһô˲õ⣬ڿǰЩħѪûеҡ
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ÿһʱ䣬ƿ߶᷵صսݵУһϢԴȷġ򡱣Ӷϸġͼ
Щͼô̽ĵطͲֶٱ仯ʶպħսкܴİ
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ַ˵̽Ļܽ𣬻һ硣
ȻַܹעЩ¶֪
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ǹħѪģ֮ǰںնħ
ַҲһһʮħ¶˵˳ѯʽİ취
ԣһ漴ڻشʵҲʲô˵⣬ħĲѪˣֻܸһС鷳ѡҪʵֻһ취ǾǴݻٺħ磬ħ䡣һħ䣬ڵħѪȻʧˡ
ֻ취
ַȻ֪ݻħжôѡǵսʤУһսʧǲǾ͵Զħˣ
Ҳֻε˵ֻһ׽İ취ħԺأ˵ˣǽСħҲпܱЩħѪ統С˴ݻħ磬Щħ⣬
ûκΰ취ˣЩħѪ⣬ͣеңʵǷʤ
ַЩ̫ţȻûõİ취˵棬նħȷЩçײˡ
ʵҲȫûа취취ȴǣ浽ƿߵ֮·취ͬܳ׽ħѪ⡣
΢˵һ취
ʲô취Ըϴ
ַɫһԵЩڴ
ðɣʵ綼֪ȻңҾ͸ɡ֪ʵħѪ⣬һǴħѪ⣬̺ıԴϾħ籾Դɡĳħ籾Դ
籾Դ籾Դ
ַһݡ
԰籾Դħ籾ԴӶ۶ɣƿߣҲǼҪ籾Դġ
ַ֪ô򵥡ħΪƿ߲
һԭǣַһԲǾĽ͡


1218 ֮·֮·
Ǻǣ籾ԴַնħӦõõħ˰ɣ϶ܴǿ汾Դ
ַ˵ͷȷܹ汾ԴƺòʧΪ
Ҫ˵ľǹƿߵ֮·һ֮·˼壬ǲϵ磬һһ磬ʵܿ죬ҲûʲôȱҲԣûҵİĽûҵ磬ɣ
ԭڶƿ𣬺ܹһһ磬ʵϣΪⷽСǧ統е񣬱ǿսսϣȻ磬ɡЩǧ磬ȹ̵Уأһһ磿
ʱܼͣͣǧ꣬ʲôʵϣƿߵġˣҲ͵˵ڶ֮·֮·Ҫһȫµ磬ǺѵģһЩ飬Ǿʵ̫ˡǽЩŲƽ統УֻؽĥӡǣȻܵõһһİӡǣγӡҲֻӣҪȫΪһƵ磬ʵ̫̫Ҳ̫̫ѡ
ǿ϶ҪķѺܴľԼʱ䣬òʧһְ취籾Դ֮ڶ籾ԴԴԴϵע뵽ЩУʱ٣ں̵ܶʱڣЩӳɳճɳΪһƵ磡֮·籾ԴãҪ֪ƿߵ籾ԴͷǳҪ磬ǿɾͱĩãòʧˡ
ַǰһ뵽ĳֿܣ˵նħһնħܻԴԴϵĴ籾Դӣʹ֮ٳɳ
֮·
ĵ˵ͷ
ַȴüͷڳ˼֮·֮·ûоԵĽޡ磬ǵȻɣû磬ҲϾħҪԶԶһȫҪ׵öࡣ
նħ
ν
ַֻص⡣
ʵ㿴ڵЩ鷳Ƶ𣿱ħ׷٣ʲô˵ģ㲻׷٣ħҵ㣬Ҳôѡο뿪һ׷ٵҲܡʵնħЩ統еħѪ⣬ǿͨϵĿе飬Ӷȡ籾Դ߸һЩƻ֮·Ҫܵһ鷳ߣһСۡ
Ҫƽ˾ȫûκΣգҪκδֻۣ֮·ҪַԼȥȡᡣʵܶƿ·һߣһݻħ磬ôĴ󲿷ʧҲһЩƿ߸˲ʹĴۣԽԽ࣬类ħѪ룬飬صƻʵ˲ΣգӶ䣬ⶼҪƿԼϸĺ
ַˡ֮·֮·ԣҪһȣڣǾܺܿǿʵ
ȣͻ̲Լ鷳Σա
ħ£õõħƿߵУҲǡġһһ籾Դ
ȻһȫֱƿߵʵȴԻۺıԴӶһһ磬ǿ
ַѾõ˴𰸡
ԣħ£һСʲôַǧħΪˡߡǾӦħѪ鷳ˡ
ⷴеһ㾯ʾУвΪ̰ͻ߻ħħ롣
ħҲԳΪеһ֡
Ҳڤڤ֮Уһ磬ҲħܳƵƣ
ַѾ˾УĿǰֻа˸磬ʵϣȴԶԶֹ˸
ԨȵȣһЩȴڶʱ޷չΪ
Щע籾Դټӿʱ٣ôЩпܺܿɳΪһ硣
ַԳһ𣬵ҲֻԼԳԣϤҲܸаա
ǣַ彫ĿˡСȣôҲһС磬Ҳ˻ֻҪϵע籾Դܿٵķչ
籾Դַ汾Դޱȵۺټ֮ǰ浱УնħҲ˺籾Դ
Ǿҿ籾Դ֮Уҵı仯
ַʶѾסе


1219 սʼˣ
ַ籾Դȫ֮սȥˣڻ֮Сַƿߣ֮ˣһûֳ֮һֵ籾ԴϢ뵽С
ҵһʱʱ٣ﵽһңȻ;Ĺ۲ı仯
籾Դ뵽Уʵûʲô춯صı仯ϸһЩ仯
磬еһЩĵرƺˡؼƺҲˣȫϢһһӵġ
½ڲ֪ࡣ
˵õһЩʵͻͽΪߣˣ˵λԪˡλԪ˵ȵȡ
ңԪ˵ֹ࣬Ҳӵȹ̣ЩԪˣѾܹƿסˣͺһһ㱻뿪ֻԪ˾ˣ޷ٲκ
ǣԪ֮ϵľֳˣɡɡɡ޽ɵȵȣ˳ˣԶԶԪ֮ϡ
ʱƣǣʵ̫ҡһЩǣԴ¿ٳһռ䣬֮Ϊɽ硣
ɽԭֻԪ˲ܹ뵽ɽ֮С
ַһֱڹעı仯һ꣬һʱ䡣ʱ䣬׺ɣԸıһˡ
磬һķչѾ˴޽ɣ֮ϣеĵ·
棬ף
ַ֪ÿһıؾ֮·ַƿ˵е磬ףʵͲʲô
ף磬Ҳ֮£λƿ֮¡οҲȫƿһ硣
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磬һλ޽ϵΪ֮㳹ˣַĸоеǿˡ
ھŸ磡
ַмޱȣ֮ǰУֻа˸硣ڣƣһ磬ַУ˾Ÿ硣
⣬ֻһʱ䣡򱶼٣ʵʱ£Ҳֻʱˡ
ţԴЩˡ
ַϸ鿴һ֮ڵıԴ汾Դ̫ˡնɲħħŻ籾Դ˹ħû޳ɣʵûж籾Դ
һħתΪԴʵһЩģһıԴοһ磬Ҳֻһ籾Դ㹻ģǣ浽֮ĲͬԼĵ⡣
ȻʧһЩԴַıԴͺۻ룬Ƕ治ʲô̫Ӱ졣Ҳһˣֻһ硣
ԨȵȣַҲ
ǣܹø籾Դ͵ÿնħܻô籾Դˡ
ֻǿϧ֮ǰħǿɶ޳ħħ̺ıԴһܷ񡣡
ַҡҡͷľϧ֮ǰնħƺܽҲߵ֮·Ҳûħħ
ħħֱӱַ˷ˡ
˷Ҳ˷ˣַҲȥᡣԼ֮·ַԺħĻỹкܶ࣬һʱ
֮·֮·ϣַԺҪߵ֮·

ħħ
ƿߣЩƿߣ
ɱɱЩħ
˺ƿߵ磬ƿߵ籾Դ
֪ʲôʱʼеħȻƿ߶ڶħһʼһܸˣΪвٵƿߣߵϵ·ħʱƿҲо޴ĺô
ʱƣڶƿ֣ħĸʵ̫̫ˣһħǼʮħ
ħҲߣƿս˫֮䶼ϤǣƿҲڿʼˡ
󲿷ƿߣ˳ѣٲֵƿߣǳù˺ǿգˡ
һλƿߡڶλƿߡλƿߡ
Ŷ̶ʱڣʮλƿ䣬ԭҲڲ˲ԾǣƿץסһЩħʹøֶΣ֪ԭ
çɽħħħѾ㳲
սѾڲ֪䣬ʼˣ

һƬĺУַϵͨѶӡ΢΢һ
ʮһλƿˡ
ַɫأ΢΢һ
ʱ䣬ƿ䣬Ȼħ˸ࡣϣħ࣬ƿߵԵʵǿ
ôʱڣʮһƿߣַк𺳡Ҳַᵽħƿ֮սĲпԡ
սһζƿ߻úôҲһƿ߻ʤ
ƿߣҲп䣡
ţħ
Ȼַ۾΢΢һУĸӦУǰħ񱩵Ϣں֮УȵĻôۡ
ħȻҲַͬ塣
ƿߣڱƿˡ
һƿߣв٣ɱ˺磬籾Դ
ңնɱһƿߣܵõħµʹ͡
ħԼٶȣתۼͷɵַǰĶַ壬¶޷ε̰֮ɫ


1220 նħɱԴ
ˡ
ַ忴ǰħ¶һ˿ЦݡħɲߣϵϢֱܷ
ɱ
ûκԥħʩչħֲħǵأ˲ڱƬգַΧ
ħ޳ħӿֲаħ˫ޱȵ죬һǾϡʵǿģҲǶ֡
ħֱۣ˲䳯ַץ˹ַҲ򿴿ķΣˣıĤ˲ǿħץסķĤǿǿ״̬ǱĤǿַ浱еĻ֮εȹĤͿռ䡣
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ħߡ˷ֲħĺַĤ޼£ַܹ̩ɽԼ֮ȹ̵ռ䣬ħַĤ޷ơ
ˣ
ַоâһ漴е綼΢𶯣ֲ֮˲ںϵһ
Դһ壡
Դһʺַе硢ͳͳۺһ
Ÿ磬ʮͨ硣
ˣַʱ˿̵ǿħѹ
أ
ַ˿Լпܱħ˺ѵ棬ֱӶ׼ħħֻ֣ͬ޴ĥһݺݵѹ¡
ħҽһħͬһ㣬ֱѹײ飬Ϊ촷ۡһءءءءءأ
գʱ䣬ħħֱӱѹ촷ۡʱʩչħݷ߶
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ַȴħħô˷ѵֱӽţ֮һȻħ뵽ڡ
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޳˰ħħַȻſ棬ôǧѷĻᣬ
ǣĻΪһ⣬գۼַ档
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ħո棬ʩչֲħħգĤնΪ֮顣
⣬Ĥͺܴˣħֱ˺顣һʱ䣬涼˶С
ǲ֪Ȼҽҵħ֮Уֱ
ħ벻ô޴͡³çƿߣô⣬ħŽ統С
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ַ۾΢΢һУĶƺ⡣ħħˣҲǹ⽫ħеģȻħǼƲʩչħݷô죿
ħħɲףַҲʩչһСıħԹԵĽ֮С
֮
ַ廰һ䣬ʱֳ֮һ޴Ȼǻ֮˿̵Ļ֮ĸ֮Уնȹ̵һ㡣ħ˲ɫ䣬ǵħ֮ܵѹơ
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涼ھҵţַͲΪ֮ǰħ˺ѵĤѸٵĻָ
ͬʱħھҵҪӳ棬ַħߣ浱УǾˣ

ʦ


һһ֣ŸŸ磬浱СŸ磬ṩʮͨĿֲ˷ħȫѹס
ֻĿǵħһһأ𽥱ѹ촷ۣΪıԴ֮ա

ħݷ
ħҪʩչħݷȼħ
ֻϧַһʱ䣬ȫħħͳͳ飬Ϊ촷ۡħʩչħݷĻᶼûУֱӲҽţն

ħħնַҲ˿ʵһսֵô⡣
ħħﶼһǿˡƴ涼ܵ˾ҵ𵴣һ
ǾŸҲ̶ͬȵܵشҲֻشˣû˼
Ȼ֮·ôסħ棬ðաҺջҲĴ󡣡
ַ嶼ЩңãħʮħħĻ˼ش
˵綼ᱻ𼸸òʧ
һ綼ûб٣ѾǴȫʤˣħħħṩıԴֱۺ˳Ծ


1221 
ħħħնħܻ籾ԴˣתɵıԴҲ㹻
ַ廹֪ħ϶вѪ⣬Ǳ浱С˵ʲôʱͻֵҡַȫ⡣
ǧħѲ棬Ѳ磬պյġߡרŽЩħ鷳ġ
ңšǧħҲ֮Ҳʲôʱ򣬽ЩħѪҲס
ô籾ԴַҪҲ֮˳
ԨԼ
Ŀǰַ浱УֻһӣҪ磬֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ķѶپ
ô籾ԴһоͶ⡣
ַ忪ʼʱ٣ʱٵһ򱶡ͬʱͬʱԴϢ뵽С
磬ȻûлȫǴͷʼˣķѵ籾Դһܶࡣ
ַȱľ籾Դˣնǿħ˷档
ʱƣһ㣬ʱ䡣Ѿ硣
ַУٶ硣
ַУѾû˲磬һʮңмͬѰ磬ôʮͨ磡
ˣ÷սˡ
ַҲûԴһҪҵħħ磬ħǵϳһǳأҷء˵ַҲˣҵˣǿҲΣء
ʵϣԭʹõİ취ȴɨ;磬Ҳ˳ɨħӶһƽѹħǵĻռ䡣
Ȼҵħ硣
ַʩչ࣬ҲԽԽٶԽԽ죬ܿͷصս֮С
ոշأַͷսڵЩѹ֣˵Щšɲ֮ǰսڵտɶǺܿȺ˷ܡ
ô£
ַ崫ܽ
ַܽܿǰַԭΨһˡ
㲻֪
ܽЦҡҡͷȥ̽ˣǲҪˣʲôʱȻˡ
ʲô£
ַҲսڵЩͬѰ齥
̶ʱڣƿѾʮЩɶƿ𰡣вһλӵʮǿ𣬵ȴˡЩħçɽħĺ֮£ֱͬһ㣬ɱսȫǱġƴЩħħնħֻҪħ绹ڣǾ¸ʧĲһЩ籾Դˡƿ߲ͬһ䣬ҲԶЩħƴģǸƴ
ַһҲΪʲôսڵΪôء
ʮλƿ߰һλʮ磬ַ嶼Ҫǿ˲֪ٱȴˣЩħжôķ
ѹȻħôԭЩħҪģԭƿߡ
ַȻ֪ںħж٣һ٣϶ħǺƿʮϡ
ħûз赹áЩħ裬Ҫƴģƴ䣬ҲҪնɱƿߣ鷳ˡ
ħҲ˽֮ԲԵ޹ʣһƴϾʧħȻܹɶĻҲΪˡ
ٺ٣ַ֪ܲçɽԼڶħѾóƿƴʧħħһɸʹֲͣܺܿʧħˣЩħβƴ
ַһȷǴֱʡ˵λçɽħԳˣַʽ֣˲סԭߡ
ħ𣬲Сﰡ⼸޽⣬ûа취ֻӲƴӲƴĺԭе𣬶ңʧ̫ƿߣԼҲҪеܴѹ
ַ֪çɽ𡰳СˣԼòӦԵİ취ⳡսܻܿԭʧܸա
һʧܣͨƿ߻ûʲôʧһЩᡣ
λļ˵ǿĴûд֮£λļһ棬ȴʧܸգԭ⣿ԭλļίΣ
ˣѹʵ϶λļϡ


1222 
ļٻҵ飬Ƕһǰȥɡ
ܽȻ˵ַ嶼յļĴѶǣ˽У˴ڡ
˿̣Ѿǧˣÿһλ𶼵ˡλļ𣬸ϣƽٱǷǳ򶨵ġ
ȿڵλӦöõϢˣħеçɽеħԸǡƴľģȻܱӭսӦĿǰƲǣˣ֮ǰļƻӦ޸ģλһ󣬴޸ļƻǲΪӪ𲻻ٱֿӦӣ
ӣÿ֧ˣҺ𡢶µ𣬶ԳһλСӡħλֿ磬磬ִˣӦЩħһҵϣЩħƴģҲûôס
λļ˼İ취Ȼһλױħնɱӣأ
λƿߣϵõǷӳЧȷҪԶǿڵ֮ǰλļ𽫺ħ̫ˣڼʱҲΪʱ
ǧȻû飬ҲǸӵİȫ
ֱַֿܽһ֧Сӡ
ʱַǰҲλ
ַ𡣡
ַһҽܡ
³𡣡
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λ𶼼򵥵Ľһ
Ժҵˣ͵ĺͬԿħˡҶ˽һʵΣҲϵõ
΢΢һЦ̹ϵ˵ʮ硣
Ҳ˵ͷҲʮ硣
ַҲûֱ˵Ҳʮ硣
ַȻȷֻʮ磬ȴǱѰۺʵʮ
룬ֲַһʮʮ𡣡
ף
ǰһЦ˵ַһЩ˲õ磬ʮʮСǵ֮ǿߡΪܸõϣƶһλӳսʱԴݲ𡣾ַǵĶӳΣ
ûǿΪӦַǵĶӳ
𶼺̹ϡʵϣÿһλǶǧգܹΪƿ
ңǶʮ磬Ѿǡͷࡱ֪ħܹսУͳһֶԸħһӳõġ
˶кô
ǣַҲͲжˣʱ˶ӳ
ϣܺ죬
ǣַ뿪սݣַ֮ǰƽ򣬿ʼƽ
λͬ飬ַһ·Ҳоơ˶һЩսеȤ£Ҳ̸
ʱһĹȥǾȻûκħҲû硣һʱ䣬Щ⡣
Ͼ˵ĿĿɶΪ磬նħ÷ıԴ˶࣬ߵ֮֮·ϣҲôʮ硣
ַ嵹ǲż籾ԴۺϴնħħԼħħ˴ıԴֻҲԶԶĲôıԴ
ʵҲʹǿʹһĳ̶ȡĻԱԴȴܴЩòʧ
ַɲţ嫵ĺУһЩħݻٵеֻҪˣôַͿԴıԴЩ
ַˣһֱҵʱ䡣һġͼƵĺˣǱƿ̽ͳͳ꾡ĵͼ
һͻ᲻ѹħǵĻռ䣬ħ磬ҲһΡǸʱ򣬻ƿħ֮ľսˣĹ
ף֣ǰ棬д
ƺʲô
˼æǰȥȻǷǰ棬ƺкܶġսЩսǳأһͬˮΡһι״
λƿ˵Щǳġ϶ȲϡЩصġս΢һˡ
ƿ֪˶ٱ
Ӧں˵壬λ𣬰֮ǰķ취һһ֣֣
ַûκԥֱӳ֡
䣡
潵٣λҲ˸Ե磬˲佫Щֵġս뵽˸Ե統С
ֻҪ磬Ǿͱƿǳ׿ˡ
ַ彫ʶ뵽浱УЩͬˮΡһսޱȵġʧ롱սͬϡһҲ
ַһ֪ǹڡ桱ԼħƿߵϢʱЩҲƽ


1223 ʮħ

ַҲ֪ˣЩͬϡһԭڲһΰĿƼһĿƼܲһ
ڲ˱ͣʵ̫СˡˣеĿƼչĿƼȻ΢ۿƼȷǳ֮ߡһΡˮΡսǳСսˮһȴ߱ž˵ƻ
ַԲηչԼĿƼȤǿҲձħݻˡǵģħħĹʱ䣬籾Դͱɣ渲𣬴ĲҲӽãã
ַ֪ħǵһַһϾɱߣħЩߵ䵱Ŀǲһ磬ħܿͻݻһ硣
ⶼҪҪǣŸոձ𲻾ãпܣħڲ總
ַ忴һۻͳλжһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
ã̳
λ𶼵һʱ䣬ʩչŲ
ৣ
ַʩչȻѾǵһʩչˣЩ̾ٶܿ쵽̶ֳȣֱ˼
볿ƺҲѷɫʩչŸԵȻҲַܸ壬˵ǵҲһ㡣
λʩչʱ䶼ûУѾϵ˲硣
Ȼħû뿪
ַ۾΢΢һУħ
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Ȼ֮ǰַųʮʮ𣬵볿ʵûôַ嶯֣ҲЩġ
ϾַϣҲֻʮ硣ոвӣô̵ʱڣͲܽһ硣
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ַ䲻⹥䲻Ҳֻƴˡ

ڶԷȷûзӦһ棬ַʩչȫ磬ȵ֮һɡ
ټϻ֮ҲԻ޴Ļ֮ȹգݺݳħѹ¡
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أ
գʮħħַ֮ڣ˲նħŨ籾Դַ֮С


1224 ն
ַԭǻæڿҪˡ
صڶߣַ̧ͷһԭ볿Ѿ˶֡лһħ
ֻǽңû뵽ħƴʩչطһ鷳ˡ
ַЩľħطһƴǷǳֲġͨʮʮƿߣ˵ŵˣҲܵش
Һãַ廹л֮ȹգûʮħħ֡
ɲǽңַܽʮħħǶİħҲΪˣﻹһħѾˣַǸϽ֮նɡ
ţ
ַĿһۻ볿𡣸֮ǰĹ򣬶˭˭õħҲʮħһն𣬻õıԴɷǳӴ
ͳȴ˳ִҪַ壬ЩͬѰˡ
λѾõһʮħħⲻ֮ǰԼ
ܷԼǿħնɱǿħǴ˻ᣬĻݣǱ˵ˣȫ޷֤ǸѾõһʮħħһħȻø㡣ҲֻԺͨͶáҲַҪƴˣ´¹ͣͬԶһЩ
ַһ£ջûƳ٣ħ棬˲ն
볿̬ⷬʵַ̬ȡͨεº˵ĹϵɸӵĽܣҲٽֻǺϵô򵥣˽顣
Ҳĺ׼ַǱַ彻ãȻ޺Ҳ˳ˮˣܹõַ꣬˽飬Ȼá
˸Զõ˺ôַõĺôһ󣬲ûзսݣǼǰƽ
˵ʵԶԶûеޣòŷսС
ַҲᣬʼȫеĲк籾ԴΪܣͲʲôңʱ£ĳɳҲܿ졣
ƺε˵ࡣ
һ·ƽ˼壬׷ױ˷Ž浱УӲϵ
һʱҴҶȻûħҲû磬˵ʵȴͻͽ
ϲһʱ䣬ܹ壬ֱİ硣ͨܿ죬˵ж硣
볿𣬴ʮ磬ʮ˸硣ַҲʮ磬ɱʮ߸磬ϲԣַǾ߱Ŷʮһս
ʮսƿУҲǿˣͨƿ֮ϡ
һУֻһʱ
ַ֪ΪʲôôƿߣԸǧСǧˣΪСǧսУĸֻԵ
볿ȴ鷳
ַھܹħȻõӣ֮ǰֻնһʮħħõ籾ԴޡټģԼ֮ǰһЩ籾Դʱ١ʵϣֻΪû籾ԴˣҲûа취
볿Ե൱Ρ
ַ嵹Щȣû뵽ΪԴã޷ԼԴʵ̫̫࣬Ҳò꣬ΪӶǳ
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ַ峤̾һʵƿҲûཻӣһ浱Уǳ뵽磬Ǿ൱ڴƿߵӡ
ƿߣ޷ˣ򣬻ͻòʧ
λǼǰһħ
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ַλһۡ
ӦþڲԶĵطͨƿ𡣵Ӧò̫ǿ
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ַҲûκԥ˶ʩչ˲仯Ϊһ⣬Ϣǵλ÷ȥ
ಣ
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ԣӦǣʵ̫սΧǵħħ
ħħѹǲǶ֡
볿϶¶һ˿ЦݡǡͲˡֻҪնЩħħдˣγ޷ʣµӣ
ԽԽƿʱַ۾ȴ΢΢һУȻԾ
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ַ͵ͣ볿𾡹ܲ⣬ȴҲͣ
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ַĶǰħħ漴һһ䣬˵ħħԸֻսƿߣôʱ䣬ЩħƺڽʵϣǵӿûһȫԸġ
볿Ҳһ˹
ַ˼ħǰƿߵն
˵꣬͵̧ͷܣһľ衣
ն
ַȴûǰˣҲûΪھӣƺˡ
ȻϹģʵƺ
ţٶʮսƿߡ
Ҳǽƿߵնôʱ䣬Ҳͦϵģ֪ǵնȴɷϢ
ַߣѾԼħħӸ£ַˣƺûнַ˷С


1225 Ǵ㣿㣡
ٺٺ٣ǵôʱ䣬ڵȵˣǲ˷ôʱˣ
˵һħϵϢ͵ͷſ
䣡
Ƭգ·ħĿֲħ
һءءءءʮء
תۼ䣬ħħѾͷŵʮأȻһʮħĿֲħ
ħҲʾ׷ʩչԼħÿʮħֲѹַˣܵĺ򣬾ͷ·һ̶һ㣬ҪŲһѡ
ʮħħ
볿һۣܿ˿ȷû
ûħˡ
ַĿ⾼ĶǰħħΪڷն㣬ڣĵ˴㡣
ֻǣ㣬̵µ
һһħˣ
ɱ
볿ȶ֣ϢͬɽХһ㣬˲䱬ֲϯħϣȻƾС
ǵģƾУ
ȻλûɹҲʮ硣ƿ߱ҪħǿһЩ
ʮսʵѾѷʮħħˡ
ʱħɫ䡣
ħҲֻɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴûоšϣռһЩƣʩչط˵սʤЩƿ
䣡
ַҲˣһֱ֣Ӿǽǰħϯ浱СʮħħЩַܵ棬ֻʮ߸Ϣʱ΢ԥһ£漴Ҳûзֱӱ뵽ַ档
ƿߵ磬ǿһ㣬ͬʱҲһ㡣ħƿУ˫֪ս˶ٴΣȻ֪Է㡣
棬ʮħħҪʮ߸ƿߣʵǺѶȵġһ뵽統УħɾͲ˿˼ˣʤ潫ӡ
ħҲʧأħػħظˡⷽ棬ħʵʮִ󵨺ͷ
޴ȻŲƵ統Уҿжٸ磿һ
ʮħħЦͬʱħҲ͵һ𣬽ն飬綼ھҵĶţħжôĿֲ
Ŷһôԡ
ַȴɫǼ仹¶һ˿Цݡ
䣡
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һһ磬յСͬʱԴһʩչ˳һ֮ȫΪһ塣
棬ǿͨ硣
һַȻŽֻʮ߸磬ȴǻʵӵŶʮһսѹסʮħħˡ
ͬʱַ廹л֮ѹա
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ħʧ룬һҽʮħ⧲֮£ֱӾͱַ˶ʮһսֱѹˡ
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նʮħħַлҪסʮһսϻֱ֮ǳ䲻⣬ʮħħεֵ
ַʶعʱȴԵĶսѽѷַ֡ȻҪһ֮ġΪ˲ħߣַûдݾߣһ˲䣬֮ħһʱѹס
ء
ַѾ˼ΣȻĻᣬһʱͽħ򱬣֮һħ뵽統С
ħħƲԣҪߣֱַѹȽϿ죬׷ʩչħݷˡ
ħַҲûпֱնħΪӴ籾Դ˻֮ڡ
ַڵ籾ԴѾĵزˡЩӵʮʮƿߣҲһַ˻籾Դ
Щħʱ˵Ŀ֮ǰȵƿߡƿߣϵ鶼ΣַˣȴҲ֪˵Щʲô
ߣ֪壬ȴɷϢ˵£ǻļʵ
ҲҶ˵ʲô£ȷ̫ǷһЩǾͻᱻħ磬Ǿˡ
Ϊ˱ǴĳϣҲڡϡЩħ塣
Ҳ⼸ħùµ޷죬ųߵ㣬û뵽ȷϹˣȴͷֲ裬ħˡ
Ȼôħ˴ıԴûӣַʵȴû١
û볿׼սݣӣǿʵȻٶһ꾡ĵͼ
ˣַҲͬ⣬λһʱȷսһãַҲԳᣬúÿһʹӴ籾Դ


1226 ɱ䣬ʮս
ħ磬çɽĸۡ
çɽһԭѾħϧһдۣΧɱԭƿߣտʼЧҲܺãԭ淴ӦҲӦĵԡӡƣԾں磬ҪΧɱһƿߣԽԽˡ
ӦԣʵѾçɽı
ñȥһԭļ𣡡
çɽɫڣԳˣ򣬸κβԭƿߡңȻҪ磬Ҳ˽ԭʵ
ಣ
çɽӰ˲ʧʩչĳֶݷ˲뵽ããĺ֮С

ַ𡢳Ѿսݡ
սڵգ൱ȻҲһЩƿߣǺܶ࣬ƿǵսȴǳԻͣһĶϲЦտ⡣
𡢳ַҲʹ˷ֿˡ
ַҲصԼסĿǰ볿һʱᶼȥѲˡʵַһҲȥѲӣĿǰַеıԴʵ̫̫ˡ
콫Щ籾ԴתΪʵǾʵ̫˷ˡңԽ룬Խǿħ磬ħͿԽǿַʮһսͲֵһᡣ
ˣַҲʱ䣬籾ԴתΪʵ
֮УַϸһĿǰһʮ߸磬⣬ʮ磬Ҳͨĳ̶ȡ
ַûа취ҵһ磬ȴܽЩͨ磬һ̶ȣ˵ʮ˸ͨ硣磬磬ӽﵽ硢ĲΣǲѵġ
ֻǣ籾ԴЩ˷ѡ
ַҲûа취˵Ҳ⡣ʲôûУֻʣ¡籾Դˡ
ЩʮƿҲһܱȵַ˿̵籾Դۺ
ַ彫硢ʣµʮ磬ע˴籾ԴʼͬʱҲʱ٣򾲾Ĺ۲ÿı仯
Уʦȵȣڲ֪ţʱðһţٶ졣
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ÿڲ֪ٵķչšħȴôַ緢չЩħѪ⣬Ըָİ취ÿ˸Ȼ󲨡
ַǧħɵߣʼÿħѪƵ顣һһΣǧħ񣬶ΪÿġجΡ
һǧħЩ߽٣ͱضһѪȷ硣ħȴҲˡ
ħֵ֣ͻᱻе裬ѸϵǧߣԲ
ʱһĹȥʮꡢꡢǧꡭ
ַÿʱỵ̈ڹעı仯ս֮Уһʱ䶼ûУУȴȥ˼ǧʱ䡣
ЩħѪ⣬ҲȷһЩƻǧƣڱЩæ
Ҳ˶Ѱˡ
ԣҪ֮·Ǿ͵óһЩۡ
ЩʱַҲ룬ƽûκΣգûκηˣǲЩ
йڰǲħǺڰһ棿
ַУն̫ħˣ̫ħѪˡҪȫɾƺѡ
ڲʱҵħѪкܶ࣬ЩʱҲܶһЩƻУУ߻ħߣֱʤ
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޷ǾͽƵӦԻƣַǧħɵߣͺִַܺ
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ڶħѪ࣬ߵġѹ֮£ҲƲʲôķˡ
οЩħַãЩøʵˣ˵УħѪԽԽַ࣬ӦԵľԽԽḻպġħİء
ƺѣôƿߣҲû˵˭ܹħİأܹһϣ
ʱƣܿ죬һʱȥˡ
ˣ
ַ棬ھҵʮʮ磬½һʱ֮ڣʱ֮£һꡣ
һʱ䣬ʮÿÿҹҹͣĹע籾Դ֮£ȫɱ䡱ˡ
ɱͨ磬Ҳ˵ϲ磬ַʮ߸Ѿַ屸ʮս
ʮս˿ٵκƿ֪ҲĿɿڴޱȵ𾪡
ȻôǰᣬǾҪ籾Դַԭʮϵ籾ԴȴЩɱ䣬ķ̫籾Դ
籾ԴѾʣ޼ˣǡ˷ѡ̫籾Դ
һƿߣûô籾Դ˷ѡ
һжַԣֵõģֵ̫ˣ
ʮսӵ絽磬Ŷ̶ʱ䣬˭뵽ַѾɱˣʮսǿƿߣ
ǻҪӺ籾ԴţһʱҲˣӦ뿪սݣոһħˣ
ַ۾Ǽ¶һ˿Цݡ


1227 çɽ٣
ַվ뿪ҡ
սݻǺǰһһЩǿƿߣÿ϶Цݣջ񲻴
ս̺ŴԵˣû˻ΣգֻƴȥѰһԵ
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ַҪ뿪սʱȻսݾȻҵĻζ
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ƿ𶼾ûлҡ˭֪ԭսݣǿϵıһϵΰڶ⣬˭빥սݡ
ԭսСǧ磬ľЩսΪݵ㣬һһƽսô״ݻٵģ
ļ𣬹ɣѾˣѵڹһӣ
ƺƵȻ洫ս֮СһЩмʶƿѾƺƺħ
Ǻçɽħ𣡴ţçɽħ޳һǧٶħݺ꣬˭Ҳκβáû뵽ȻԹսˡ
ߣçɽҪ빥սݣҲǳ˵ΡӦλļġ
ļأ
ಣ
۷׷֮ʱԼλļѾսݵ֮УӸ£çɽ
çɽ𣡡
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ҲãǾͳȥһçɽ𡣡
λļһۣҲ˾ǣ˲ɳսݡ
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çɽ˿һǧصħգֱͬһֲĹսçɽ˿̵ǰƺˡ
λļçɽħǰȴͬɳһС
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çɽһ˫۾Ķǰƿߡļ𣬴çɽҲ˵ǰҪ̽һ
çɽǰ̽һǾ͸һλᣡ
𽥸ֳһƬӰһһ磬ʼֲֶ˲çɽԡ
ͬʱ𡢶Ҳһ
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ɱ
çɽûκԥֱӾͶˡ
һǧħжôǿսڵƿߣ㿴çɽʩչһǧħ
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ûûսݣ¾ǧƿҲһֵܹסçɽһ
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һǧٸ磬Ϊһ壬һžһ㣬çɽݺݵײһһʱ䣬ѣ粻ϵĶţһһ綼Ϊçɽֲ˲顣
Һû붬Ҳٸ磬ҲͬԶԶçɽ𣬵ЭҲܶçɽв
˫սನսݾҵţʱطȵȣֱ
磬һЩħеĲпطҪȼռħɱһǧ˰ٵطçɽУֱη塣
ʮħֱȼգͷųֲطܣֱֲ㡣Ҳͬˣһ˲仯Ϊֲçɽԡ
ħֲεĿֲ˵ļػ߼ʮħͲʲôֻҪʱӶ籾Դֲ
ˣħϵĴڣҲǳĿֲһһĪλļ֣¶סçɽ
һǧϵ𣡡
ħçɽЩħʲôֱͬСһħħǰһ
޵е
һսƿ𺳣ַҲ⣬Ҳıˡ
ղţΪԼӵʮսմմϲԾѾǳˡأçɽսʮ磬һգʱûˣֱһ
çɽ˵УַҲһָֻϰˡ
ַ廹ԶԶûеմմϲĵزЩΰڣԶԶĲࡣ
أ
ڣץסᣬȼʮ磬Կֲݺײçɽϡʱçɽ𳬹һħ˲ײ촷ۣͳͳ顣
ֲεսħƿߣƴľˣ
ãһļ𣡱ˣսԶԶûнԭռݺ磬ֱ룬
çɽȼżħʩչħݷʱΪһ⣬ʧӰ١
ֲεǿڣžԵѹʵͲ¶Է
ֻһ̽ǵ鷳Ÿոտʼ
çɽ뿪ķ𾡹ʤˣȴ쳣ء


1228 ħַ壡

ħ磬çɽŭڣħƺھҵĶһЩħǵսľ֪çɽΪηŭ
çɽʧһٶħȻԶԶ㲻ʧأҲһʧεʧܣçɽҲõһ鱨ٿȷԭֻǲļֻһǿвĶֵһᡣ
ֻǣսݣ˵ļҲܣ˵նɱˡҪԭƿߣûоѹʵͲܡ
λļ֣Իçɽ
çɽȨҹڣ¶˾ġ
ԭΪһ˾º磬ڿһ̲º磬ԭЩƿ߲Уò˶ãЩƿ߾ͻὫһգװռ硣
뵽çɽҲԥ
ˣ
çɽƺʼķʽϵܿ죬çɽǰͳһ޴ħӰ
ţçɽϵʲô
çɽͬСɽһľ޴ͷ­Ӱ漴һҧɽ㲻һֱҵĺôڸһᣬҹ磡
ǰӰȻǴɽ˿ѷçɽһλǿħ
ףçɽɲ磬ǰôǿӲҽ磬ôͨˣ˵ɣ֪ݺôûôá
ɽһתȻ֪¼ûôõ¡֪˺磬뷽跨Ҫ磬çɽ֣ջɽˡ
çɽɽǰ磬ǿ϶¡
ԭֺˣ
çɽɫ˵
ԭҿɲ˻ˮٺ٣ԭǺǵô˵Ǹոռ磬һλһ٣ҿɲȥ磬ΪһЩ籾Դϡ
ȻħֻҪħĴڡɽһǧħħһնħʵͺûʲô
һնħܸҲôͷĻ籾Դħ˭ܵˣ
ˣɽܽ
ɽԭټͷҲҪסˡѾ״ˣԭλǧ罵ٵһĿǰһµսһ˺ܴ鷳ѱںƿߣʵֻһֵƿ߰ˣֻļǿҲҵ£ҪѷɫһЩһò£ټ㣬Ǿһʧˡ

ԭϢ㾡ȥֻʱ䣬ûлӦҾȥħ𡣡
˵꣬çɽرϵʽţɽ𲻻ᡣϾôƫƧҲһ򰡡
λһôʵҲк̶ܴȵ
ֻϧçɽЩвʣԭὫĺôٷָɽ
ԭ󣬱סˣ
çɽͳŭš

ӣħݷ
ַٴνѲӣǾͼһոˡһħǲ׳ģַҲôùϡ
ͨħַʮս٣ն٣ַһ·ƽٶ֮죬ֱ˼
̶һʱ䣬ַѾնʮʮħϵħʮʮħһµħ
ֻ˴籾Դ
ַô޼ɵ¾ħƿߣվƿߣĶʯʵܹɵ缫ޣҲͼʮˡ
ʵͲ̫ǿδ¾Ҿ¾ûиǿĶʯٶ籾ԴҲ޼¡
ЩʯȽǿģٵҲȽȶģϰٸƿߣԭҲΪࡣ
ַһں¾ַӵķ
սħսǽȻˡԭ󼸺ѾռĿǰʮ֮һˣǳվ˽Ÿ
ˣħ֮ҲԽԽƵ
ףһ磡
Ȼַܺãڿһ硣⻹ôַһһ硣

ַ磬һɨȴڱԴѾյˣ綼ı
ħ
ַ͵̧ͷһɿµħϢƬַ嶼ܵ˼ѹ
ַ壬Ѿܳʱˣ
һϤַĶС
ַ̧ͷһʱȻ
ʮһħǧħ
ַһһ˵ޱȵı䡣ˣǴˣôҲû뵽ʮһħר
ٺ٣ַ壬㺦ñʧأʱ޿̲Ÿڣͬ鶼ûУӣ
ʮһħʩչħֻоʮħ꣬ʮһħҲҵ˼籾Դֶ۳˼ħûָܻһħϣַǣúһУַѣ
𵴣
ַûκԥһʱʩչΪһ⣬Ҫߡ
䣡
ʱһߣȻֳһħһٶصħǵأݺݳַһġ
һħӲˣ
ǧһ֮ʣַͷȴޱȵ侲
ħ㴫ѶΧͬԮħ˭ܶԸοͬϵҲҪʱ䣬ʱ䣬ˡ
ȻַʵʮսҲεΪһħӲӲ
Ǵ
ҲӲҲʩչô죿
ַеΣϢΣյʱӽʱۿյеħ£ֱַ̧ۣһûԥ̼ʱӡǡ
ˣ
ʱӡɢһ͵ʱչâ˲סַӰһ˲䣬ʧӰ٣һ˿Ϣû¡


1229 ʱ֮ţ
䣡
һ󶯵ֲƺݺ£ȴʲôûС
ʧˣ
ǵİħӰüͷĴӦȴûκһ˿ĸӦ
ʮһħЦʮħ˰ɣСϣȻܡħϢʧһ˿ۼû£ɲʲôƿߵܹġ٣һͨƿߣҲ޷ʩչ
ԭǵİħǵʮħħΪ˶Ըַ壬Ҳǵʮһħ˵ʮħ
ʮһħͻɣַܣ˵ʮħֺǾһֱڵȴᡣַˣȴַϢ͸ˡ
Ѿַ֤ܣܻܿʲôСܣǾء
ʮһħ»˭֪
ӦֻµһħģħԲ˵ʲôˣ²ֻλħ֪
ʮħĵ˵ͷǸСһٻԭսݣ´ɾˡҵõϢԭѱΰçɽ£ɽ£һͬԸԭսݣʱ򣬻ҵĻᡣ
˵ʮħϢͨçɽµĸڿȻˡٺ٣ץסСӣʳܣҸɣ
û⣡
ħһЦ漴ʩչطת˲ʧӰ١

ˣ
ʱ֮ǰһӰŴз˳
ˣǴˡ
ַɫЩѿһܣϤĵطûκα仯ֻлصʱ֮ţַŸоġ
Ӻ絽磬ִ緵ص˺磬ַһ·̫˳ˣΣաǻʱӡǣַɾΣˡ
ֻǣʧһʱӡǣʱ֮Ҳͻʣ磬൱ֻöʱӡˡ
ַȥһ磬ֽӴ˴ƿߣ֪˽Сǧ硢ǧȵȡʶʱӡжôÿһöʱӡǣֻǴܹһ磬һαĻᣡ
ʮһħһİħû´Ӧǵʮħɡ
ַϸһĿǰҲͺħйһЩͻǵʮһħΪ׷ɱַ壬Ǳնʮħβޣ
ȫַ̫ˣȻһ㾯ûСʱӡǣΣնܹΪġ
ʵ㣬Ҳõ˴籾ԴԼߵĳ̶ȡ
ַҲɴȲ뿪ʱ֮ˣǾĿʼʱ٣ú籾Դʼ硣
Ҳʮ磬ʹ֮ͨˡ
һ¡¡¡
תۼһʱ䣬ַ΢΢һ漴ʮ׷׶ɱˡһɱ䣬ʹʮ綼벻硢һͨ硣
ˣַȻֻʮ߸ûӣʵȴ˴ȵӵʮһս
ʮһ磬˰֮ӣħҲһ˿ֿ֮ûˣ٣ħַҲҪٶʱӡǣҲʩչˡܵһЩشʧһЩˡ
÷սˡ
ַʱ֮ţûֱ뿪Ϊǲͨʱ֮ţַɾûʱӡˡ
ûʱӡǣں嫵Сǧ統УǷǳΣյġ٣֮ǰΣգûʱӡǣַɾ鷳ˡ
ˣַȻȻķʱ֮š
ৣ
ϤĻϤʱճӡ
ÿһμʱճӣַ嶼о𺳲ѡڵַ壬Աֹǿ˼ʮϰٱֹ
ʵԽǿ˽Խ࣬ʱճӾԽǾηʱճޱȵȴûκͺСѧһȫͲһΣʲô
οʱճ漰ʱһ
ַѯʹƺһҲûʱһʱƺޱȵأޱȵһ𣬸޴Ӳ֣˵ˣ췽ҹ̷ʵʡ
ڽǵΰڣҲ޷˽⣬֪ʱգҲ޷˽⣬ַֻΪΰĽ˽
ʣˣҲ˵öʱӡǣһξһöʱӡǣøСĽˡ
ʣµ磬ַѾܹЩѡˡ
ַ˵ѡʲô磬ʲô壿
ǣַ˿ѡһ硣Ҳûٵֵ漴㻯ΪһŹâİ統С


1230 ˣ
ˣ
УһȦȦ˷ɢ
ַз˳һʱֱ̧ۣ˿ֱϵʱӡǣȻʱӡֳˣǺǰһ
Ȼʱӡû⣬ַд󶨣ǿʼܡ
һƬǿգվǿ֮Уܶûʲôȥڿˣһſһǿ
һ͵磬ӦûԿƼΪܸܵ籾ԴûħϢһûбħֵ硣ţ̫ǿˣҲٲ̽ˣɹϽսݡ
ַܸоʮһħʮħԸӦòżȻħר̶ԸͲΧ
ϾԭУҲһЩϰٸǿƿߡ
ħ˴󵨣ӦԭģԭйأˣַҲҪսݣŪ
潵٣
ַ嵱棬ʹ潵٣˲ͽǰİˡ
ַ峬ʮսһͨȻ׾١ĿǰַҲʮ˸ˣʮս
ַ٣Ҳʮ˸磬ȡսҲͨĳ̶ȡ
Ŀǰַʣ籾ԴӦû֧סġ
𵴣
ַʩչΪһ⣬սݵķ򷵻ء

ˣֱǷˡ
çɽڴɱ¾Զǵͨɱ¾ûκһλֵܹס
ļƺҲçɽ𣬵ƺļˣô£
սڣĻ̡̻ƿʧأçɽ𲻶ںСոﻹ˸
λļȴʼնûκηӦѾᵽвͬѰġζԵʮֵĽ
ಣ
ַ巵صսݡ
𡢻ܽ𡣡
ַüͷһصսУ͸о̫ܲˣ̫ѹˡֱϴλҪѹ֡
ַǻˣǻΪˡ
ԣԣַɲ̫ƽսȫġ
ܽ𡢻𡢳ַסܽջ񲻴Ѿӵ磬ǿǿ̤˹ؼһֻϧܽû֮·Ȼ϶ܿ졣
ǻ볿仯һֱӡ
ǿʲôϢ
ַ忴ȷ̫ԾˡļûκηӦⲻӦá
Ϣһ㡣磬ʵһЩѴ磬ǴϢºܲԭܸнٵһԼλһ𿪱һսʧܡλһش񶼷׷׷Ϣ
ʲôһ⵽ش
ַһݣڣѾʲô֪ˡΪ֪žò˼飬λһǿ泬һĿֲڰ
ÿһλһʵһƺǾǽ֮
Ҳ˵κһλһ𣬶ִһڵ磬ҲĳЩ仯ʵԶԶͨ
ˣȴɰˡ
ԣǰˣܲƺ綼ԱסˣΪˣļ磬õ֧Ԯܡ
֧ԮΪҪ֧Ԯѵλļ𻹶Ըһçɽ𣿡
ַܺ棬һΣλǻçɽ
Ͳˣ֮ǰλȷ뿪սݣǰȥçɽȴַսݣһֱû¶档б䣬ǻǴսиȫ
õĳЩϢ֮£Щ鲻Ҫ뿪սݡʵսУҲȷƼ
ںе⣬𷵻սݺ󣬾ͼû뿪ˣ˭Ҳɵ֪ĿǰЩԾ
磬ȥѯʡ
ַ彨飬ȥѯʱȻս־ҵ
𡢶𣬳
ֲսлصţһçɽçɽˣһ˵š
ಣ
¶ˣ𡢶һ𡣲λƺЩ̫ãϵϢҲ࣬һܵشӡ
ɽ𣬶زأ֮
ɫ࣬Ķĺ
ȻĻ£һħˣһİħֻǣһֲ֣ħǵأһʮأ˿çɽѷɫ
ڻҪçɽ΢ǿôһ㡣
ԭҪ군ˣȴִԲѵΪƾսݣҵȾκ㲻ã
ɽɭɭЦ˵սݡ
ʱսڣƿɫһ䣬ͷӶԭҪ군ˣôǲ֪ûһϢ
һʱ䣬սĻ̻̣λļҲֻĿһĻȴΪ
Ǹ¶ˡ
ǰçɽɽԼĿǰơߣǽӵ鱨
붬𶼵Ȱ˵
սֻ֮ô죬λʵǾһ˺ܳʱ䡣
ʱ򣬱ˡ


1231 جģ

ڣ˾ҪҲǳѡ
Ķ
붬һۣ
磬Ƿ磡
Ļ붬۾һ͵վĲ˼֮ɫ
˵ʲô磿Ǿô˺磿
һλ𣬱۾ҲΣͳ˵磬ʲô취֧Ԯ޷ϵçɽĿǰɽѾͬçɽԼɽ𶼴һܵشȻǵĶ֣ںʲôǴսݣǻܰȫ˳硣ĻǻʧӲء
붬𶼳Ĭˡ
ȷõѡ
λ֮ǰçɽɽսһȴ޷ͻˣǲҰܣֻ˻صս֮С
˵çɽɽʱ޷κεսݣʱ䳤ˣ˭֪ʲô취
οսУçɽɽ͡šƿ߶뿪սݣǼں绹ʲô壿
ˣΨһİ취ˡ
ֻǣİֻǶ˭ܸģǴõƣԭΪܹΪӪռݺ磬˭뵽֧ԮͲçɽ𷴵뵽ɽ𣬵ԭƿƼѡ
Ψһİ취ǳˡ
İɣֻʱˣһգȵԭƻܾ
˵һ£Ҳ֪ƿ𡣶ңٿսݣ⳷ˡ
ˣ
ʱçɽɽ𣬶ŻźߵսݣһۣЩ̫ʵ
ǿû뵽ļôͷ
ԭˣҲǺ¡
Ǿǳ˰ɣҲκβսݡǵۿ˳磬Ż᳹׷İ
çɽǾЩ̫ģһ·սݣۿս˳˺󣬲Żġ
Ȼ̶һʱ䣬սݾͳ׵뿪˺磬çɽҲͲٸ棬ĵķħ硣
ǵʮһħʮħЩġ
ԭˣСҲ뿪ˣԺץסɾˡ
ˣЩԵòҲ͵òС󡣡
ʮһħʮħٲҲ޿κΡֻĿս뿪磬ϾçɽκβսݣħΣ
սڣƿڵĺ磬пѡʱǸ緢׼ѰһԵ
أ
ȴֻܻĳˣʧܣԭԴСǧ翪ս󣬻û˴ʧܡ
һЩƿѾԼ΢ˡϾսλļΪףԭˣѴ̡
ַҲͬĺ磬Ҳ֪ΪλˡλҲһܲģٲģȴɳˣ˵磬ȷԭܹʤġ
ʱһţսݺܿѾԶ˺磬ҳȥ
ոշɵһ룬յһϢһجġ
𡢶𣬿޷ٷˡ
Щ
ţ𣬷˺£
붬Ҳĸеһ˿
ԭܸٵһԼλһѾˣ
ʲô
ܰɣǿλһô䣿
ܣԲܡ
붬һʱ䣬оںͲϢ
λһ䣿
ֱǾ춯صĴ£ԭܸҲޱȵˡһܣпܡ
䣿ǾЩ̫˼ˣ˭ɱһ𣬶һλһ
̧ͷ¶һ˿į֮ɫҡҡͷҲţǸոܸͨⷽѶҵġλһ䣬ԭ󿪱ٵսйأǴսһħ𣡡
ħ𣿡
붬𶼳ĬˡħǾĿֲڣܸУҲǳ˽֮⣬ڶĴˣǺĽײһԱ
Ŀֲڣԭܸ󶼲ࡣ
һսôֶħ
ħȻ֣նɱԭ󲿷ƿһˡңҲռܸĿǰҲһЩ鷳ˣ֧Ԯǣԡ
ʲôǱˣ
붬һķŭ
ǵģ¾ܲҲټ
ԭܸƺǧҲ鷳Ѿ֧Ԯ⴦Сǧսˡ붬ףԭͶСǧеǿֻ࣬⴦Сǧ硣
λһ䣬ֳ˶ħ𡣿ܸףҪ⴦СǧվȽŸҪô޴Ĵۡ
Ĵۣԭ󲢲Ը⸶
ˣǾͱˣԭˡ
ǵģ˼Ǳˣܸı·λһô죿սУôƿ𡣡
ҲΪΣֻܸ֪ͨûиİ취ܸҲǰڡ
ʲô취ܸ󶼷ǣı·ˡ취ֻһǾǡɢ
ɫ˵ɢλ˶ݵĳĬУշǳѹ֡
˭뵽ô̵ʱڣᷢôıʣ
ǰɢɣΨһİ취ˡ
ҲЦ˵
һ붬֪ȷΨһİ취ˣ˵ֻҪϢȥҲû취ͳЩƿˡ
ɢõѡ
ðɣǾֻܽɢˣԭԲסǡϢȥ˵ɣϢԭԭ߸ˡ
̾һҲоĻˡ緢ԭƿ߽磬ԭչʵϣгһգܳΪһ
˭뵽䵽ⲽأҲ޿κΣһ𡢶ֲεΰڣͲֵܲġ
ǣ𡢶ֱټƿߣ׼ľ


1232 ȥ
ʲôɢ
սڣƿ߿׿Ϣʱ˶ˡ
类ռܸǡ
ôһ𣿴أ
Ҳˣǵõǣսһһռ磬ħ硣ֻϧ
ԭܸôԷǣ
ƿɻ󡢲ʡȵȣָǶƿߣס
ȾجģҲ޷ƽ
ַҲ޷˲ͬġ硱ܻھ浱УΣַڡ硱һ㲻ı䡣
ԭֻʱ˳磬һջܻڣԭȻǽɢˣԺԸոԭַ壬һܴĴ
ֻǣٲ⣬ٲʣҲ޷ıλľǽɢλҲһʱ䣬ʱһ£㹻ڶƿ׼뿪սˡ
ַһ£˳𡢻Լܽ𣬴һ
λʲôĴ㣿
ַʵ
ǲʼʵҲʲô˵£ڼԭ֮ǰǾǶߡֻǶ̫ѣһܶΣգ˲ųżԭԭɢҲǻعǰˡǼһЩȽϺãһЩѣ˺н̡׼ȥͶн̣ܷ롣
Ҳ׼ͻһȥнԡ
𣬶Ѿ˴㡣ַ彫Ŀܽ
ܽһ뷵ҵļȥҵļﻹҵһЩˣҪȥԺ
ַأ
ң
ַεҡҡͷһûʱκһһʱĶ߰ɡ
ߣ
˻ȴҲûȰַȻ˾ǾͿ϶˽ߣȻ߿ɣ޾ʵϣʵҲΣա
ǽȥϣгһջټϾǲսͬ飡
ԣͬ顣
볿ҲԵΪˬǣ˻֮䶼ϵʽ漴뿪ˡ
һߣַ֮ա
磬嫵Сǧ磬֪жٸһ뿪˽Ǵ󲿷ֵϵʽûôˡ
ں嫵СǧǾ͸ǻã΢΢ˡ
ַ𣬼Ȼߣǲһ򿴿Σţȥһʧ
ܽһʼ£ַ塣
ַ˵ͷһῼǵġ
ǣܽҲ뿪
ַץסʱ䣬սڻϣСǧ磬ڽ򣬹ƿߣħ֣֮κԸⶼһ顣
ٽһʱ䣬ַ룬׼ȥǣȥһ棬Ͼԭ
ַ뵱緢һģͬڵַԸо־ͳ״̬Щ̫á
ʵԭɢģĻλļ
𡣡
ַ壿û뵽㻹ҡ
Щпַ˺磬û뵽ջķʽֿ
Ƶ񻯵ֵز
ǵģ򲻵ѣҲܽɢǡ
εҡҡͷɢѳɶַ֣ҲûἰˣѯĴ㡣
һһ˿âҲ޷һһͬǰ磬ࡣûһ˿תսݣһҲ֧һʱ䣬ߡֻҪ̫ù˶ǵȶڣȫб֤ġ
ַ˵ͷλļǲİһҪȥۿʵ
أɢʲô㣿
ַʵ
ʵҲ֪ȥʱκΪһʱĶߣȥһķ⡣
ߣ൱ΣգȻѡ˶ߣǾӦһЩ׼Ҳûʲôܸ㣬ֻܸһЩҸ档򴳵סƿʵħһΣգΪĳЩƿ֮Ҳɱ
ַ˵ͷƿ֮䶼ìܡϾ硢綼ͬ绹Ǻ磬ԭһӪƿ֮Ȼʲôìܣụɱ
ǵǿɾͲһˡ
ߣɲħ֣֮ǡǡƿ֣֮
ַ𹧾һ񣬲ô˵Ǿȹַж
ַѾûǣңҲ˾
ܽʲôʱ
ַܽһϢʵҲľ


1233 
ಣ
Ӱսз˳վյУսݡ
ַ߰ɡ
̲ܽס˵ַһҲһЩ뿪սݺ󣬾սݣٳٶûȥ
߰ɡ
ַ峤˿ҲתܽһʩչΪһ⣬ս෴ķȥգۼʧӰ١
ƿߵʩչʵҲûʲô̫ġַٶȲ죬⣬ԽôٶҲԽ졣
ʮ˸磬ʵʮͨ硣ˣʩչٶȱ֪ܽ˶ٱַܽٶȣ֮£ַҲֻܽٶȽܽһٶȡ
СǧӴ󣬻ǰַ廹ûһֱ۵ĸֻ֪Ӵ󡣵жӴַûӡ
ڣַ뿪սݣܽһϻʱַ֪Сǧġ嫡ǶôĹ
ʵϣ֮䣬ֱһЩհЩհ򣬳֮ΪȣЩʱһЩȻܵһЩӰ죬һЩĹ
Щܽͳֹ򣬷ǳء
ЩȣʩչҲʮߣҪķѺܴڶƿ˵ѡ
һ·뿪սݺ󣬾ʹڽȡʵ⴦ȣĽȣˣĶĹ
ַĹѾӦûʲôӰ죬ԽԽԶģоһֹ
ˮһܶεġˮѣҪպһЩļɣٶȲܼӿ졣
ܽȴж磬ٶȶַˡ
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ȻǰĽˮڣȴ⣬һˮ棬ʹʵЧҲ࣬ҪһЩɡ
ǣܽҲַһЩɣȻַٶҲĿ
ء
ַĿǰѾӴĹǾ򡣱硢磬ˮ硣
ˮһʲô磿
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ˮ簡ʵҲħƿڽսЩƿ߲ԭģһЩƿսʱһֱûֳܷʤ
ַһ˼ģܽ˵ʵ嫵Сǧ磬򣬴󲿷ֶƿħ֮սܲϣЩħȷƿΨһĶ֣Сǧ绹ǧ磬嫵ĽУ鲼ħӰ֪ˡ
Ȼˮ򣬵ַҲûҪȥˮ翴һܽ˵ˮͦҵģ˵һСľΣգǾĸ·Ϊϡ
뿪ˮַֽĸ򡣾ٶȺܿ죬·ɺķ˺ܳʱ䣬һҵʱ䡣
ַ嵱Ȼû˷Щʱ䣬ʱ򱶼֮£еʮ˸磬Ҳַʣµ籾Դɹͨǿˡ
ˣַȻֻʮ˸磬ȴӵʮĸս˰֮ʵһ
ַߵ֮·ܽȴĽȻֻ磬ȴǳף粻κ
ܽǡסΪأ˵ܽǳһӴȺ֮УȺΨһ
Σܳ⡣
ʵֻһ磬ܽΧȺУҲǵ֮İˡ
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ܽѾǿˣܿٱøǿֻϣܹӵбӻȺˡ
ˣȻԭ󣬵һܽʵҲû̫Σա
ַҲûȰ˵ÿߵ·һܽҲԡ
ǰɳ򣬾ִܵˡɳȵСһЩɳڲͬħһЩֲޡ
ޣ
ַ廹ǵһʻ㡣
ԣǽޡ֪ޣΪǳϡ٣ȴʵڡҲ֪εģ޷ǳֲӴ߮ڸ֮УãһĽ֮Уȴźڽгɳ
ÿһͷޣʵ䲻һٶʮ΢ǿһģϰٸҲħˣ޲ǣ֪֮ΪɳֹһͷޡһɣͷкѪɳС
ܽص˵
ޣǶأлᣬһҪʶʶ
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ɳ򣬲֪ʲôʱ˺һ޴ĿӣһͷޱӴʮôӴ󣬼ֱκħҪֲöࡣ
ޣһͷûг꣬ѾԾ߱뿪Ľޣ
ܽһַ壬ôҲû뵽ոᵽޣȻôùһͷޣϢޱȵӴ󣬲ôǵġ
֪ܽ鷳ˣ


1234 ѱһ
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ɳһķϵĽţǱħƿ֮Ĵս򱬵ĽһȫĽ˸ָĿֲನħƿߣԸĽ򡣵޲һϲֶӵ滷ǷĽǽǽѪõĵط
ܽʵͷ޻кܳһξ룬ǵصĿֲϢʵܽԳܡϾ磬ҲŽֻˣȿֲĽǰʵǲһ
˵ͷ޻ûгꣿҲ˵ֻڳɳڣǳ꣬ڣжôֲ
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ǣַʩչֱӻΪһ⣬һͷɳ֮С
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ǣַ֮ҲѸΪһɸߵľˡƿ˵仯Сֱ練ƣֻҪ֧żɡ

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ףʼնħƿߣǽޡ޶ʲôҪͷ޵ϣַҲһߣ޻ǲħƿߡ
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ַܸоõǰͷĿеġ־塱ҲẦ£ѹʮʱ䣬Ҳܲסˡ
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޼æ˵ͷֵĺ˳ܹɳ̶ֳȣ˵ǰͷ޵Ѿ൱ˡ
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ַҲ⣬ֱˡһ޵Դϣ漴뿪ɳ


1235 Ť
ף
ܽɳУĳһ޴ӰȻ֮ǰͷޡͷƺѾС˺ַܶʱվڽ޵ͷϡ
ѱ˽ޣ
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ַ˵ͷոսʵѾˣкܶ磬ܶȻ൱Ĵ
Щ綼ǡ磬ȴһЩصӡǣƺƿµӡǡ
Щ磬ǵƿߵ磬ҲһЩƿߵĳ֮ءûнԼļ統УϾһ磬ͺٵڶλƿˡֻƿӡǣһƿ߲ӡǣҲ磬Ļһλƿ߲ݵ׷ɱ
ַ忴ܣܽеٶʵ죬Ѿ˽Ųˣ绹ǱȱȽǣô磬ĳϣʵҲŷ١
绹Ǻ磬䷱ٳ̶ȣ¶ԶԶȲһǳǿĽ򣬹⿿ԼѾ޾ħˡ
ȻҲ϶áûħвҲвַ岻һź
ܽеҪع磬ٶҲĿַҲѯʣܽ
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ַ𣬵ˣҵļ磬磡
ָܽǰУһ޴˵Ų簲ȻܽҲ¶һ˿Цݡ


1236 ܽĿ
ܽļ磿
ַ忴ǰ޴磬Ҳѷɫ
ԣҵļ磬滹ҵӡǡ
ܽЦ˵ַҲ΢һӦȷܽӡǡöӡƺҪö࣬Ҳǲ൱һƿߡ
ƺַɻܽ͵öӡҸոճΪƿʱµģʱҸոճΪƿߣʵСλع飬ٴӡˡ
ǣܽ´ӡǣһεӡǣʹսܽκƿֻҪԸӦһܸӦöӡǵʵסҲܴŹʵ
߰ɣҵĵ̣ҲҾһµ֮ˡ
ܽ΢΢һЦ漴һֱ뵽˲統С
ݣ
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ܹеƿߣӦöѾ˵ͼȴͬѾĹ꣬޷ı䡣
ˣܽɫû뵽ȻʵҪ
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ܽҲ侲
ΰ𣬾˽⣬Ҳ뿪򡣲֪ȥ֮ƺͺܸߵ֣˼ǰȻˡ
ڶЩ˼顣
ӵƿߣͷȻܻܰ𣬿һЩԵʵ˵뿪ʱ䲢ʵȴô
ܽɫҲһɫԵ⡣һ⣬ȴƫƫʵǿȴ뾯衣


1237 ɫˣ
ַ㿴ЦˡҴȲιһҵܽɡ
ܽһԱߵַ壬΢΢һЦոջص磬ͱַЦˣܽЩ鲻
ҲãܽҲ˽һ
ַҲ˵ͷֻ뿪ʱȴȻܽʲô鷳Ըҡ
ܽ΢΢һ㶣漴ЦŻشַ𣬷ģҿɲôһֶֻС°ˣԼܰƽ
Ȼܽô˵ǿ϶ҲһЩգַҲͲٹʡ

磬Ǿ£硣Ͼ嵱еһλƿߣ
𣬵ҲǺͨʵϣ󲿷ֵ𣬶ֻͨҪ֮·ɳǵúķѲ֪ôʱ䣬ʵȻܻԶԶЩ紳
ܰҲûж
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ģҲЩͨġԡζˣʼЩʵǿġԡоܽ
ֻϧܽһֱûлش𣬶ңܽҲ˭һλƿҪõܽ𣬿ɲס
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Ǽ¶һ˿صЦݣþͷԡֻ֪ԴԼع˰𣬻һصɴ
ܣɲѯʣǣֻȥ׼

ЩϢˣ
ԣЩϢ
ܽϣܽ˳˼УܽռйЩΪڵһֵϣǳϸ
Ϊ̫ϸܽ˳˼
ӵƿߣȴ׾͸ˣţܵشòˡ
ǰû
οǰ磬ʵǺܡƽˣ֮以ˣƿҲ³ս
βһƺ⡰ơ޿̣Ӧսֻϧǰˡ
뿪ܳʱ䣿
ԣ뿪һʱ䣬ȥ֪
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ܽظھҵţһ뵽һͷɫͷ衱ľޱȵŭ
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ܽɫһ䣬ͷɫˣ
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Щʧ룬ʹһߴڣܽұۣƽʱҲǹ硣
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ͷɫȻˣ
ܽ𾡹ɫѾŭ˼㡣ȴɱǣ֪ô϶ûʲôġ
ҵҪͷɫʲô
ܽһ漴ȥ


1238 ַ
Ϊһǿ׳ӣߴ䣬յϢһЦ˵ܽ𣬺þò
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ܽǺгġҵ磬ȱһλŮˡȻôĺ󹬣ȴһλƹšţܽԸΪҵİ£磬Ҳܽˡ
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ȻҲԽ統Уֻһ磬ԶҲ޷ڶλƿˣһȺҲǱˣ𣿹
˵գͽȻһɸӿֲ嫵ϢԼͷֳʮ硣
ӵʮ磡
ʮ磿ôô̵ʱڣӵô硣ܸܵûնκħߵ֮·
ܽ𾪣𣬺࣬Ҳֻһˡڣͬʱ䣬򴳵֮䣬ˡ
أ
û֮·ֻ֮·ȥҵô磬ɣ⼸Ͳܡ
ʵǰȷӵʮ硣ҹ֮ƣѹ£ܽ޿ɵֵ
ûǿܽ𣬳Ϊҵİ£Ҳӵôǿպ֣ǳΪİҲδܣ
۾ͨ죬ĿޱȵĻȡ
ΪİĪʧķˣʮ磬ܳΪ˵ʮ磬һʮ磬ҲΪİ
ܽҡҡͷѾЩף𣬿ǵõһЩԵ򲻿ô̵ʱڣʮ硣
뿿ʵưǳ˵Ρ
ٺ٣һʮ粻ܣôһǧٸأܽԶҲ벻ҵǱжҵõĻԵжôķֻҪٹЩӣ֪ˣ򶼻֪
ĿУһһܽʮԶԶǿܽ𣬲ܽӣȴûа취ֹ
ֻһܽˣ˭֪ޱȿȵЩʲôǷ񣬽ˣܽɾ׷Īˡ
ˣֻܽһҧַ𣬻
䣡
ܽ£ʱһɱǿϢȻӴ⴫ţһİӰС


1239 ײ
˭
һ̫ǿ̫ǿʮ磬ʱ񱻺ݺݡѹơһţ޷
ָо·İǰʲô춯һ̣磬Ҫֱ顣
ǰɣܽĺѣַ壡
ַ΢΢һЦȻ¶ЦݣϵȴԽԽǿͷԼʮڸš
Ҳǵһƿߡսħһƿ֮սĳЩԣǾǴ֮ײ
˭ǿô˭͸ǿ󣬼ûκνҡ
ܽĺѣ
һˣǴˡ֮ǰЩΣǼƻܣΪΣܽӲġ
вڣǾܽټŵôһգܽҲ¡
ôҲ벻ܽһôǿѡѾ֪֪ܽף˭뵽ܽص磬һôֲѣ
ȻܽԸҾͲˣǣ
ջƣ׼뿪ˡ
ৣ
ַȴһǰ棬Цݣƽ˵𣬱ôżߣĳղŵܸȤưƺʮӣĳĺܺ棬ϣܸĳΣ
ַǰ棬ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ˣ
Ͳַ˵˲֮͵ıΪһ⣬Ѹٳ
ַȴ޶ԣֻ΢۾뿪ķ
ַ𣬸ղ㶼ˣ𣬿µõ˲õĻԵ
ܽҲȻзһЩ˿ο֮ǰ̫Σö֪֪ܽףøְ취סܽ
뵽ܽ߻˿ֲ
ǰԵĻԵȻԵȻˣζܴο𡭡
ַû˵ҲʲôϺˣȻ֪ƿƿ֮䣬ҲìܾףҲз
ղַĻǷգܽ𶼲һܹסһ𣬴϶ԵַһûС
ַ׷ɣӦӳ˲硣
ܽĿҲ˸һ˿âɲȻ⣬ҲҪش۵׼
ַ֮岻ﶯ֣Ϊ̫λ֣綼Ҫ򱬡ܽļ磬ַȻǡ
ģӲ
ַߵķǼ¶һ˿򶨵Цݡ
ݣ
Ϊһ⣬գۼͷɳ˲硣
ҺãҺˡû뵽ܽ߻˿ֲƿߣ綼ΣգܴˣϽӡ
ղжôΣաַǹ˼ڲУԲŲԸ֣ȴǡǡߵĻᡣ
ֻǣոӳ磬ǰ洫һ޴ĺ
𡭡
һͷױȣӴ󵽼Ŀֲޣبڲ֮⣬סȥ·Ŀǻ
⡭ǽޣ
𿴵ǰͷȻж¶һ˿֮ɫ֪޵ģҲ֪һͷڳɳڵĽޡ
ֻǣôǿĽޣȴδ
ಣ
ʱӰҲ̸
ַܽͷޣ
ͷɡ
ַһ֣޾ͷɵַߣĶ
һһҧַǸʲô
𣬲粻սʺˡ֮ǰҶܸȤɷʾȥѰҳɰǧ磿
ַЦЦĻһݡǿһЦַ˵ЦˣղֻҺ˵˵ˣгɰǧ磿
ôȻ𲻿˵ĳֻԿˣ
䣡
ַ潵٣סƬգһɲǣоһɼΣյĸо
ǣĽԼʮ磬Ҳ֮УַڶԿš
ַǵһƿսҲûжĶֱӵ棬ݺݵѹȥ
¡¡
֮ײַ忴ĺ
棬ޱȵļ̣Ȼֻʮ˸磬ȴʮĸս
ˣ潵٣磬һӴͬһߵĽɱֱַѹ
ײû˿Ľңǿǿ
ֻһ˲䣬У磬˲飬ҲѹһͿ
֪ͣͣͣʲôҶ˵Ͽͣ£ټĻҵɾͻһˡ
ʱ𼸺
ĿԼ磬һһ飬ʵ̫пˣֻ䡣䣬ܱ˺ѣʱΣա
أȻȨ⡣


1240 ǼյĽ
ͣ£
ַȷͣˣȥĻ䡣ƿ֮սޱȵĲпᣬһǾķӦ
ַ˵һж˵
ɫ԰ף綼ЩȶºܵشʵϣҲȷܵش类٣ƣѾ˵˸֪òָܹ
˵ɡ
ַ帺ֶš
뿪ȥˡ
ͳȻ䣬͵һ񱩵֮񼤷ĳ
ݣ
Ӱ˲ʧӰ١
ţˣ
ܽһҪ˵ЩʲôַǼȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
𵴣
ҲУҸ죡
Ȼַʩչʮĸսַ壬ٶ֮죬ֱ˼𾡹һת˲ͱַ׷ˡ
桭٣
¡¡
һΣַûκֱ֣潵٣ѹȫѹ
ײַ忴Щ統Ҳ飬ַѹ֮£˲鶼Ϊɻңħսʵƿ֮սޱȵĲпᡣ
ַס֣һж˵һж˵
ˣ
ַ嵱ȻٸڶλᡣԷһΣǾӵڶΣַҪƿ
٣ҲҲӲˡ
綼ڱĲҽţֻĿ磬һһķ顣
ÿһ飬ͻһ֣ܹҲ
ʮŸ˸߸
תۼ䣬磬е綼һֻʣ˿յ磬һǿ֧š
ַԸ⣬׾ܷ硣һ飬ôҲͻ䡣
ô
ᡣƿʲôʱܵôңһͻص˵ոʱǸʱҪ
ڵ𣬹ƿˡ
ʱܽҲϵˡһҵģȴûиеһǺܳ졣ͷɫͲܻӭĴչθʵ䡰󹬡ֱŭԹ
ֻǣԷҲƿȴΪ¶ս
һΣײ塱ˡܽҲңַܹһص磬Ļǲ롣
Ӧá
ˣûʲô֮ˣزʡ
ַ֮һֱӽ浱СԴ˿ַȻܷĽѹ浱УҲʲôˡ
ܿ죬ַܽ𷵻˲硣
ܽУַһѽŲƳ档
ɫ԰ףһ׵ַܽ𣬳̾һַֻҪ㲻ɱңҿԸһУ֪һУ
һУûѡ񣡡
ַ߸ϣĮ˵
ȷڵѾû˺ַ̾ʸˡںܺڣĺܺܽ𣬴Ӷǳַɷǡ
ȴΪֻ뱣
У㲻ӦҾ䣬Ҳ˵ҵĻԵ
ҧһϣò֪ѾһͿأǲܵõַĳŵɾΣˡ
ַûǲҪɱһֱܰƽ˰ʵҲûɱ֣
ַܽ崫
ܶأһĽ
Ҳкܶ࣬Щ꣬һֱల¡ַնɱͿܴƽ⣬ӶһķӦ
УҲħǿڣַ廹ԶԶûдﵽ޼ɵĵز
ַԣɵóһ漴̧ͷĳԱ֤ɱ㣡ڿ˵֪һˣ
΢΢˿ȻҲȷַ᲻ŵԣҲûκΰ취ʲôԼ֮࣬ƿĲΣﻹʲôԼ
ƿߵġŵǱȽϿš
ˣ¶˾ģһҧ֪ȫг
ַ֮ܽǰ˵ܽ硣ʵⲢҺ˵˵ģܽ磡
磿Լֻʮ磬͸ܽ𣿡
ַ嵭˵ƺûһ˿
˵磬ڵ磬ǡ磡ҵĻԵһĻԵԵгһճưҲǲܣһжˡĻԵǣ浽ɰǧ硣
˵͵̧ͷĶַܽ˵ǼյĽ𣿡
յĽ򣿡
ַܽһۣܿԷе𺳡
ѵһոյĽ򣿡
ַ͵վҲ޷ٱƽϢʵ̫̫ģǿһ𶼻̲ס


1241 Ե
Ӧǣûв´ĻǾһյĽ򣡡
һҧȫг
ַܽһۣ𾪣жôĲƽ
ԭֻǾãȥһµĽ򣬻ǼĳսƴɱŻ۵ô硣
ַܽһں磬˺ܴ
û뵽ĻԵҪԶԶлҪƵǲ˼飬šһոյĽζʲô
ζĻԵһжٸ磿ʵ˵ʮϰ磬ٵҲмǧ硣
һոյĽûħûǿƿߣǾζţе綼չ鼺СһԵ
㹻пһԾΪһΰڣ
ԣȻҵһոյĽôֻܲʮ磿
ַüëһ
⡭
Ц漴˵Ҳ֪ĻԵֻǣǸոյЩ⣬ʱȥʵûʲô̫塣ǴûмյĽȻҲЩյĽһʲôһƬޣпܵ磬ٶȴʱȴҲǵ˺ܳʱ䣬ҵʮոյ磬ɡȹһʱ䣬ȥǸǸʱ͵˸硣ҲΪʲô˵ܹܽԭ򡣡
һһʮԭԭ˵˳ûκε
ԭˡ
ַ˵ͷ֪ûѡ
Ҳֻܽ͵ͨΪʲô᷵ص򡣱ϾһյĽ̫ˣƿ磬Ҫꡢʮϰ궼ͬһطҲʵЩǿѡ
Ȼص򣬺úһ¡󹬡Ұ͡Ҫܽ⣬˽֮
ص೤ʱˣ
мˡ
ꣿãǸյĽѾγһЩ磡
ַޱȵĻȣ磬ǿ簡Ǹոյ磬Ҳһ磬ƿߣǽУ
ԭֻһƿߣʵֵһᡣǷһոյĽ򣬽һԾΪʮսǿ
ֻϧΣĻԵӴ޹ϵ
ܽΣ
ַܽ
ȥ
ܽҲ⶯ȻԵ˭ȥ
Ӧ֪ڵĴȥǸոյĽɡ
ַһӣ浱С
ߣ
²˳٣ַܽ뿪˲磬֮ȥ
һ·ϣֹܽĿ¶һ˿֮ɫַܽ˽⣬Ȼܽڵʲô
һյĽ綼磬һݶôĻԵ
ôһݻԵ˭ܰѳֵסģ
ֻܽƿߣַ͸֮ˡַʲôģҪݻԵܽҲ޷֮
ܽſģһոյĽˣĳΥԭĳԭ򣬿ɲһһЩܶҡġ
ַ΢Ц˵
ַ𡭡
ܽ΢΢һ㶣漴ʮָмĿַ塣ȻַĿǰҲֻмʮսˣԱЩҰħһȵȣƺ˺ܶܶ࣬ͲһϵġַţȴѾԽЩǿĴڡ
һ򶼲УƫƫַĿ˵Ȼŷ
ܽ˿̲ףַеţǺεȵĹ󣿶ԣܳΪһ𣬻ѾռĿˣַ˵Ŀ꣬Ͳʲôһ𡣶Щ߸ϵΰԶ
ˣĻԵǡšܽһַҲ⡣
ܽ𳹵׷·ٶȶࡣ
ַָܽһȣһǳƫƧĵط
Сǧ磬ʵ̫ˣʵ̫̫࣬һЩƫƧĵطҲ⴦ƫƧطҲǣһ򣬶кܳľ룬ǸһŽûκμֵ˭ᵽһŵĽ
µĽ
ַһӣŲ˳
Ц˵ұȥңԶĽ򴳵ֻߵȻһЩ涽Ĵ˵涽Ѿ𣬳һŵĽ򣬴ֲĴڴ֣ŻٵҾЩĵΰڣڽʱ׻ٵһ򣿺οһλ𲻻ϧ
ǣҵ涽ȥһһͷһյĽ򣬾涽֮ڣ
ָңңһָȻǰ涽ķ


1242 ε
涽򣿡
ַܽһʱϵǰ涽򡣴濴涽Ѿûˡ
ûУǾ֤ѾţûκμֵһûκμֵĽôƫƧĵط˭㣿
ĵ׿˵µĽַҲЩɣοˣҪ涽µĽʵ̫ˡ
ȥ
ַҲԥ̷ɽ涽
ৣ
ոշɽ涽ַ͸ܵһȫµĹȫµĹƺһ֡Ĺֻ֡ȴޱȿֲһ磬ܵѹơ
ַ廹ܽ𣬶֡ô⡣
ǸǣһȫµĹζʲôˣµǾ˵һĽ
˼ǰУܿͷһӴģһȫµĽ򣬳Ũġ
ģһյĽ򰡣ԵĻԵ
ܽҲ̲סڲĻԵɲ㶼ܹ㹻Ļ˶Ϊһ𶼲⡣
ȻܽҲ֪Ҳкܶ磬ҲʲôûС
һγɣҪʱ䣬Ҫ磬ͬҪʱ䡣ΣݻԵַˡ
ȥɣ
ַܽһոյȫ½С
ˣ
ո̤룬ַ͸оֲġ֮ǰ涽иܵʮٱֲַӰһӶЩȡ
ַ̱֮鲼ȫ漴ЩκβַˣӰ쵽һӴ粻ɣ
ܽҲһ֮΢΢һת㽫ס⣬򣬶ӵƿ˵ֵһᡣ
Ȼƿ£ҪĻ棬¾ͺˡ
һȫµ磬û˵ѣֻǣһ綼ûУ̫
ܽš
ַȴЦ˵һոյĽж磿ο֮ǰѹΡһ顣ڼʱȥˣֵ˲ٵ磬ǵȥߡ
ͨ˵겻ֵһᡣ
һոյĽ̫Ӵˣʲôпܷʱ䣬Ҳһ磬պ絮Ҳһ
ˣַܽʼѰһѰҲһġġ򡱡
ȻҪķѺܳʱ䣬ЩòʧµĽעܳʱ棬ܸӦĹȻźܴĺô
磬һյ磡
ȻܽͣǰһӴ˵ڲţԵ÷ǳ˷ܡڽУʵҲһµʱ䣬Ȼժһ磬ܲ˷ܣ
ܽȷ֣ȥ˰ɡ
ַ嵭˵
ȥɣ⡭
ܽЩԥ֪ʵַ巢ֵҲ
㹻磬޷οһ磬һأҲҪеһķա
ַɼּ
ܽһ£ջǴӦˡַ˵ãԺֵ磬͸ַ壬ַҲӦˡ
ܿ죬ܽɵ磬罵٣޴磬˲佫ǸȫС
ַĶܽԼǸȫµ硣
Ҳȷ뿴Щ᲻ʲô鷳鷳ĻóȻɽ棬̫ðˡ
һ졢졢졭
ܿ죬ܽ۾
ܽ𣬸оô
ַ弱æʵ
ܽ¶һ˿Цݵûκ⣬ɵһ̫ˣЩ磬ȫɡ
ܽ϶ĻشַҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ԵĴԵ
ǣּѰ½Ѱ磬һһ룬Եõ硣ַҲˣûκ⡣
ܽһĻЧʵ̫ˡǷֿѰΣƬƺҲûܹвǵ
ܽ˵ͷһѰҽ򣬵ȷ̫ˣֿ
˻ԼҪ̫ԶǳһЩ⣬ǰȥ֧Ԯǣ漴ֿȥѰˡ
ַУѾӵ˶ʮ磬ֻʮ˸磬ͨ硣ַҲ޷ˣϾûôıԴ
ûбԴ񶼲ҪˣֻҪѰ㹻磬ûбԴʲôϵ
ַʩչٶȼ죬ĴѰ硣
ƺҲոյ磬е磬һ֮ڣѸٵ͵˶ʮ
е˶ʮַ˿̾൱ӵʮһսʵٶȷǳ졣
ǻԵֻҪ˻Եκ˶һɳ졣ģȴûܰסַܽᡣ
Դӽַܹ߸磬ȫǸոյ硣
ַҲһɻЩôģ


1243 һһս
ַƬУѰ磬ѾˡεҲ
²ַֹ岻ЩƿߣҲһ
һƿߣ˶ʯٵ磬ֻ֪ʯȴε̫
һַ֣һ棬Ϊƿߡ
ַҲһ֪εģ嵮ĲҲ֪֪ΪʲôַãƺҪ綼ҪҪ
ʱ䣬ַʶҪѰһЩڷչε磬ֻϧҪҲÿ
ַҲȱʱ䣬ϼǧַ꣬Ҳ⡣ˣַͼѰ磬ĳһ죬ڳε硣
һꡢꡢꡭʮ꣡
ʮʱ䣬ַ岻յĽдţϵѰ硣
̶ʮַ꣬磬ȻѾﵽʮ
ʮ磬ƽÿܹ磬ƺ࣬ˣԴԴϣһֱ硣
ҲֻƬûж೤ʱ뿪ˣҲʮ磬ֹȥ˼ʱ䣬ȻࡣֻǿϧݻԵԭ΢һʱȻһϰٸϣһٳΪһ
һеļƻˣַ塣
Ҳ֪ܽôˣ˶ٸ磿
ַ廹ܸӦܽ˵Էûгʲô⡣ܽҲʮ硣
ܽĶʯַܽܽ𵱳õĶʯرһٸ绹ûʲô⡣
ڸ࣬͵취ˡʯ޷ģֻܴںϣõƷʵĶʯǾ뵽ĶʯС
⵱ʵҲûʲô̫ΣգֻǶʯоԡַȴûκξԣһ磬һ磬Ϊһ𶼲⡣
ַĽܴȵںһǿԳǿʮꡢǧ꣬Լ硣
ȴɲ֪Щεġ
ܹһ絮ַˣǲջ
ţǣ
ִַһξ룬ȻǰһǰһŻɵ·ʲô˿ֲ
ַüͷһ壬ȴҲûǾĵȴš
ŸָĹ򣬾硰ࡱһȻ΢š
һַ̣оЩǡ
䣡
Ȼһ̣ɫ͵ıըһɾҵ˷ɢȥֲҲϯַ壬ַһ֣ನʧӰ٣Ͷַ岻á
ַֻҪ΢һ֮Ͳನܹ˵ġ
ַȴĶԶǱըַĸоһĤ֣ͬʱԼڲϵĽ֯Ρ
򣬽ݱһ򣬿ֲıը֮ǵһ޴Ŀռ䣬һбĤ
ռ䣬ҲѸٵݱš
һ¡¡¡
ַ㿴һ꣬Ҳ˷һʱ䡣
һ󣬳ַǰģһ磬һոյûе硣ûҲһ磬Ҳֻǳ¡
磬絮Ḷ́
ַԺڲϵĻţôҲ벻Ŀһĵڣ絮ĳĿַԶҲǣͷ·Ժһ
һûеʵ磬ѾˣԺеγϵķչȵȡ
ַ׷Դʼͷ·˵һڡţȻ͵ıըγһ硣
ŻУʲôַȴ֪
γĹؼŻɫˣȻܷһΣǾֵܷڶΣ
ַкܼᶨֿʼѰ
һꡢꡢꡢꡢꡭ
ʱȥַʮﵽʮ
ʮ磬ʮ˸磬ʮĸͨ硣ˣַӵһһս
˿ֲսħı׼ǾħټַԼ֮⡣
㵱ȫʢʱڵĵʮһħַҲضã
ϰٸս
ַҲЩ̾ٶȺܿ죬ں磬ս֮Уߵ֮·鷳
˭뵽뿪˺磬뿪ԭ󣬷д˵ȻԵ𵱳ں磬ٶ졣
ļޱȵԭĽɢƺҲǶô⡣
ˣ
ַпʮ磬սħʱĶִͬ
ַ嶨һǰ治ԶĵطһŻɫϵţͷ·һɿµڱıԵ


1244 ʯ
ˣһε磡
ַкܼȵõ˴綼Ҫһξǿ˼ε磬ֻϧһûŪεĹؼ
ڣˣһΣַûԥֱӵ֮Ϊһֻƣݺһץ
ˣ
һѣַ׾ץסץסʱоӿȵ·ʱҪַǶʮ൱һһս
˿ֲȻܹѹסе궯
ϸγɵĹؼɡ
ַۼ͵Ĵ͸ĺġ
䣡
һ˲䣬ַԺж·΢΢һըˣһĹۺ壬ȫ
Щػ۵һȴԼĳصı仯Ӷϵġ궯šһӿ
ԭˣ
ϸַ̽ˡ
򲻶ϵĻۣȻըڼͻָı仯Ӷγһ硣ȻҪΣвı仯϶ǳĸ뷱ַ壬Ҳ޷ƿÿһ衣
ң˹֮⣬һҪĶǾǳЩ֮
ַľϵ죬͸صĴһԲϾġʯͷ
ǵģʯͷһȴԲϾһصУֻСôССһʯͷȴܹôӴձըγһ硣
ڱըһɲǣʯͷͷˣɣȴ춨һĻ
ʯͷġĿַޱȵļΪѾϳʯͷ
ʯ
ַ϶Ƕʯܣַûмʯڶʯʵ̫̫ˣƿ߶ԣʯҪĶûмʯƿߣҲһ۾ϳ
ʯص㣬Ǿܹع򣡷򶼳زγ磿
ԭˣԭ˰γɣйжʯ
ַˣȫˡЩγɣǶʯ۵һӦΪһ硣
ֻƿöʯͬԶγɵ磬ʯ᳹׷飬ҲҲƿöʯ磬ʯɻ統Уȹ磬ΪĺģҲƿҪ֮
ȻѾʹùĶʯ޷ټʹõģΪѾˣҳعƿߵĹȻ޷ٳĹ
ɢ
ַоеĶʯҪըһӦǿҪٱըıԵˣһըͻγһȫµ硣
ַ廹ооʯͽڶʯϵȫɢ¶˶ʯò
Ŷʯ󣬰ַԶʯ˽⣬ŶʯӦֻĶʯƿߵõ磬ǳֻܳؼǼˡ
ƷʵĶʯô׵õģ󡣵ͨĶʯֻܳؼĶʯҲ磬УҲȨ֮ưˣպҲҵƷʵĶʯ
ôƷʵĶʯҲǶʯ
棬Щʯγɵģ
ַϸ룬ʯƺڽг֣ƺɽԽǸƷʵĶʯԽˡ
ЩĶʯأҵģ
ЩһСǧ磬ҪҵǵȸƷʵĶʯǶô
ַҲԼһЩţУСǧȻȻʯܹһСǧĶʯǳһСǧ磬ֻһŻſԳһСǧĸƷʶʯ
ƷʵĶʯжôˡ
ַȴüͷеŶʯַʲôأ
ַԼ档ûгصļޣ磬ˣҲͲҪʯЩʯԣʲôã
ʯ˵ģǿһԡ
ַһ˿âʱƿеһš
ţʯɲǿô򵥣ȹ磬ʹβƣ᲻ɴݡôȴû֪
ο˶ʯںϣкã
ڵƷʵĶʯЩѾɹ滻˸Ʒʶʯƿߣںˣ˶ʯƷʡ
ףʯʮְһŶʯôƷʣҲпܵһλƿߣȻ۸ܸ߰
ֻǣУʯܹǿȹ̣ʹأ
ַ岻һֱӽʯ뵽浱УʲôķӦ
ˣ
ոսʯ뵽浱Уʱַ浱УѾܾöûж޴Ļ֮˿ƺȵġյеĸ붼𶯣涼𶯡


1245 Ǭ
ף
ַû뵽һŶʯ֮ôķӦ
˶ʯ
ַ֮ʵ֪֮һʶĻ
֮ס𶯣ȻǼȵĿ
ַⷴЩɣ棬ʵľǻ֮˭ܹݻٻ֮涼
ַһֱһ㣬ˣ֮Ҫɶʯֲȷı仯ַ廹һЩǵġ
֮ȿԻ֮״ⶨʯӦòɶӰ졣ǣַҲͲ
ৣ
֮ĸ룬͵˶ʯ֮ϣ󣬶ʯͽΪ촷ۣ뵽˻֮С
Ż֮ϵŶʯַҲ֣֮ڲϵĳɳһĸ룬Ƭ棬ʹ֮ϵӵĽܡ
ҲĤøӵļ̡
̶ּ̳ȣһϡѾˣгϵĶʯǲԺĤʮϰٱ
Ǹʱ򣬼ַƿߣƿҲκβַ档
ʯȻã֮ںһ𣬲ı仯磬磬ĪǣǶʯã
ַ岻̫ʯȡ硱ǿ϶塣
ַĸʵַںܡһǿĴڣ˺ĤôͲȡ
ˣܹǿıĤܹȹ̣Ǿַ˿̵֮ءõĶʯַҵ˷
ֻǣʯ̫ϡ٣ǸոյĽУҲֻЩûε磬ܵõһЩʯ
ԵĻպǿѰƿߵĽס
ַͷʯȻ󣬵Ҳгģܹ򵽵ģֻǣҪ򶨽ʯҪĴȴܴܴ
ǿȹ̶̳ȣʹ᲻ɴݣǸ󡣾ĳЩطַıĤǿطҲֻǿһˣͱȲ϶ʯЧ
ˣַҲüѰҶʯ
յĽ򣬻ǵǱ绹ǶʯҼġ
ַдע⣬ڽѰ磬߶ʯ

涽⣬ͻȻһӰ
һɫۣͷ߹ڣ룬ɢϢӣ֮⡣
һǧʱ䣬ˣ磬ӦҲٸ˰ɣոһˡ
Ǽ¶һ˿Цݡ˿кƿ߿һᾪȣⲻǺǧѸǬ
ǬԭֻǺһͨƿߣ֪õʲôԵʵͻͽ̶ǧ䣬ͻƵ֮һں綼ӵһĵλ
Ŀǰħ֣˵ƿħ磬һ˿ٴƿߣȻħǵļӡ
Ǭһֱڴ󷽣żǰߣҲΣ֮УħҲް취
ϣջһЩУҾͲõİΣˣںдʣ򣡵ʱҾ˳ǾҲǲܡ
Ǭ˸һ˿֮ɫҰģҰԽԽռĿ꣬ǿǳΪİ
Ҫħ𣬻Ҫƿ߶ֻһǺź
ʵ̫ˣǬȻĵΪҵһոյõĽ⴦Уĵš
ô̶ֳȣʵΪ⴦ҵһŸƷʵĶʯǧ硣
٣ûǧ֮ǰõļ⡣
οֻҪϵںո¶ͷǣΪһŪƷʵĶʯҲǲܡ
Ǭ۸ӿյĽѾ򣬵еĽ
ಣ
Ǭɽ涽򣬺ܿ죬ͿϤĽ⴦Եÿյģ򣬵ǬȴϲֻлصܸоɣĲ
ΪֻžƿΨһףһеĸоǬĳС
յģϤǬޱȵġ˷ܡ㰴ķʽʼѰˡ
һ¡¡¡
һʱȥˣǬ۵ɫ
ûһε磿ǧʱȥˣôûγ磿ѵ̫ùû
Ǭƣ֪γҪʱ䣬ˣרΪ˵ȴǧʱ䣬ÿǧһΡո硱ׯһһʱŻո
һ꣬ȴһ綼ûⲻǬЩơûֻ̫࣬ǾЩùǣѰ
һꡢꡢꡭ
ʱ䣬Ǭȴֻ磬ƽһһ磬ǰȫһ
Ծô١
ģǬҲһ˿Ծ


1246 ˭ҵ磿
ǬɫѿԺһͷ
ʱ䣬ЩҲֻܲ硣е׷ʲô£Ǭﰵŭ
ಣ
ǬѰѰˣѰһЩ˿ɣ⴦ˣ
Ļ磬ôô٣
ֻǣǬҲֻǻɣûֱӵ֤ݡʵϣ涽̫ҪȫסͲܡ
һЩ۷Ǿ͸Ǵ˵ˣǬ𲻻ô޴涽򱾾һƫƧҲһŵĽû˭ᵽ涽ȥȻָյĽļʾͺС
ǬҲΪ˶ܳңŶ涽ⷢյĽ
˵ʮֵΣҪֲףȻǬ֣ⷢ˾Ͳ涽Ȼˣ
ˣǬɫԽԽо⴦ˡ
ȻǬһյУ۾ƺڸӦʲô
ৣ
Ǭ͵۾
İϢƿߵϢûȫɢȥղӦһ磬ԷǸո磬ûԶڸ
Ǭ䣬ҵˣҵԷټˣĲ²ûд⴦Ȼ˷ˡǬŭգ⴦Ѿȫκ˽Խ⴦ˣС͵͵Ķ
ﵱ
˭ҵ磿
ǬɱȻѭһ˿ϢΪһ⣬Ѹٵ׷˹ȥ

ʮ磡
ܽǰ磬Ѿƽˮˡʮ簡⴦µĽ֮ǰŽֻˡ
ȴڼ̵ʱʮ磬˰֮ٶȣܽޱȵ𺳡
ǻԵһĻԵ
һֱߵ֮·ûһޱȵƽףκεȥӵһٸҲָտɴ
ַ֪˶ٸ磿ʵǿٶȸ죬ӦҶ࣬ջҲҶɡ
ܽš
ʵķǳмַ壬ַȫԶݻԵȴᡣݶ飬ɲһ㣬Ȼû˵ʲôȴεļĵסպһһᣬַݶ顣
Ҳܸˣ׼ַ壬ַں罻ãڿں磬ʮǵġ
ԽԽˣҲ⴦Ҳ챻ɨһˣ磬͵ٵϼʱˡ
ܽҲоԽԽһ硣ϾµĽֻôһ㣬ҪʱĻۡ
˭˭ҵ磿
ȻһֲƣƺһƬգƺƵϢ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬˲ܽϢĸо
ܽ𾪵̧ͷԶһƬ硣
䣡
ܽʩչȫ磬ʮȽȽ𣬾ͬһſ貵ıʯһǶܽı
ʮ磬ɢɿֲѹˣܽȴһٴеģû˿ɡ
Ǻˣ
ܽʵ
ֻУһͷ߹ڣ۵ΡӣվյУӸ£ޱȵĮ
㶯ҵ磿Ǭ𣡡
Ǭ𣿡
ܽû˵ϾһСǧ磬֪жٽô˵ÿһƿߡ
ԷչֳĿֲϢ֪ܽһǿƿ𣬼ʮ磬ҲԵֵ
ַ壬ַ鷳ˣ⴦һλ֮͡
ܽϽϢ˳ȥܸӦַ壬˵ַңԶֻҪһʱ䣬ܹȵַǰ
ڣܽԣҪľӣ
⴦ǸոյĽȫԸѰңòŽţҪƴһ
ܾܽ裬ܹȰǰǬȻãҲô󶯸ɸꡣ
ǬȻЦǿЦЦ㲻ոշ⴦ˣǧǰѾ⴦򡣽е磬еһУңǬĶ㣬һС͵͵ҵĶԣ㵱
Ǭ𼸺ҧгݣɢɭɱ⡣
ȷֵĽ򣿡
ܽһȻѾǰԭ⴦򣬿ȷֵľǰǬ𣬵֪Ϊʲôֱⷢˡ
ǬƺûзֶԷ
ȵܽ⴦ʱڣͬ⴦ǬˣǬ𣬽⴦ΪУǵȻ޷ƿߣȡ硣
ܽĴΣգŭǬʱܷ񱩵ĹֵסĿܣ΢΢
ڵȣȴַĸֻ֣ǰǬһƴ


1247 磡
ʮ磡
Ǭܽϵʮ磬ŭա֪ʮ統УжٸǶԷ⴦ɵġ
ɶͳͳǬ簡
Ǭޱȷŭ޲˲ɱܽ𣬲ɻǡܽĿǰ˵Ūףܽη⴦ģҪģһýݡ
⴦ģԶģ
¡¡
ǣǬʩչ磬ûȫԸֻʩչһٶ磬ѹܽˡ
һٶ磬ħ
ܽɫ԰ף֪ǵ˴鷳鷳ϰٸ磬Ƕһ
ѹ
Ǭʩչ磬˲ѹ¡

һŶʯ
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣѾõĵŶʯˣԥֱӾ;浱У֮˲ɡ
ţѾʮ˸ˣջ񲻴
ַ忴Уʮ˸磬Ҳ¶һ˿ɫ
Ż֮˵Ŷʯַȷ֣֮Ȼٴ˶
ţǡ
ַ忴֮ϣԼԼӡ
أ
ȻԶ˻֮Ȼҵıըǿաַ۾ûиԤΪ֣ӱըƺһЩı仯
ȵ̳ɢַ۾·𲻸ǰһĻ
磿ң磡
ַޱȵ𺳣ô£֮ŶʯΪĤӼ̣ռҲȶû뵽ȴ硣
磬ַҲϸ鿴ˣͨûκ𡣵ǣȻ֮磬Ĥȹ̣ռҲȶƺ˿ûܵӰ졣
ѵʯ֮ɣܡ磬ȹĤ⻹һã
ַܿͺ˵ʧ֣ʯ֮ɣȫܵµ磬⵮磬ַе
Ҳζţȫַ򣬸ֻؽĨӡˡ
ң֮ɶʯܹԼ磬ǺεȵĿ£˵ַ岢ȱ磬⴦վе޵ʱ˼ޣûأ
ʯͲһʯǿԽ׵ġֻҪܸ㹻Ĵۣܽ׵ʯοַ廹һ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ƷʵĶʯܵ磬ǶʯƷأ᲻ᵮ磬Ǹ߸ͨ磿
ַ岻ֻҪõƷʶʯһԾˡԺûµĽַҲ޷öʯͿԣ
̺壬ַȻ
Ŀǰӻ֮ϡ磬ַе磬Ѿﵽʮ
սǴﵽһһʮŸսĳ̶ȣǵĵʮһħַҲ塣
ңֻҪ⴦ϼʮʱ䣬ае磬ٸϡ
ٶȣֱþˡ
ˣ
ʱַյܽĴѶ
ַ壬ַ鷳ˣ⴦һλ֮͡
ܽĴѶַ忴΢΢һ
֮ͣƿ߷⴦ܽΣա
ַû˿ԥ汬ǰδеӴնھҵ𵴣󣬻Ϊһ⣬ܽķȥ

¡¡
Ǭϰٸѹ£ֵܽסˡ
ֻҧ֧ţԭʮ磬ֻĿһ
һĸ
ں̵ܶʱڣܽ˰˸ֻʣʮ硣ǿǰ˸簡ܽޱȵۡ
ںôʱ䣬Ҳӵˡ
ڣ̶̵ʱڣʧ˰˸磬⴦л˺ܴĺôܽѾ֧Ųסˡ
ܽҧ֣ʮ磬Ѿ޹⣬ƺʱȴ֧š
ַ֪Ϳˡ
˵ôҵ⴦ģ
ܽѾٱΣڵϦǬʱźȻʵв֮ʵ̫ˡ
ϰٸ磬Ǭԣƺʱܽ˵ǬͲ֣ϰٸѹ£ʣµѾǿ֮ĩʮ磬˲ͻ
֪
Ȼ̧ܽͷƽ˵
ţ
Ǭüëһ͵ıһɿֲƣٸ˲䱬ͬһк¡
¡
ƺ𵴣ײΪֲನ˷ɢȥ
ͬ
Ǭ۾΢΢һУ̳ɢܽѾӰڸղţܵĵһ˿˿вűȫ磬Ȼƿ߳͵Ϯ
ߣղһҲʧᣬӵ
Ǭһ˿âȻѾ֪ˣ뾡촦ˣ򣬺ܻܿеˡ˶֪⴦ܡ
޷κȾָ⴦
ˣ˱


1248 ܽĶʯ
ַ𣿡
ܽо۵糸ԼٶȷţеĺȻַ𡣲˿̵ַԵüΪء
ܽ𣬵̫ǿǱץʱߡ
ַѾ˲ʧˣʵϸոһӲƴ͵Ϯ䲻⣬ȴҡ
ԭʮ磬һ˲ʧ磬ֻʣ˰ʮ硣
ǰδеʧַǰʩչĤǿĻ֮ںŶʯռ䶼ޱȵȹ̡
ڲ̫ܹڶԷǰܽǿоߣѾΪˣʧһЩҲҺãʧ磬Ƕʯ磬ûеҲǲеˡ
ܽҲ֪˿ƺܲٵַŶԷݣַ𣬴ԳǬӵϰٸ硭
ϰٸ磿ԶԶֹӦٸϣ𵱳ҪǿһЩ
̴ַܽĻϰٸ磿ʲôЦַԼϰٸսһ֮£ܽԼ⻹ϰٸ磿
Ҳٶ磬ȵҪǿ
ַƿߣ˵Ĵ⣬ֻǿˡ㵽ڣַҲԶԶĶ֣οǬ
ѷǿߡ
ܽţˣ֮ǰǬʵûһʼɱΪնʹַǰ
ǸǬ𣬲ʵǿ󣬶˼ҲܣʮֵĿ¡
ַ֪ΣգΪλҪң
̲ܽסʵţַľ᲻֪ԷĴ㣿
Ǻǣҵͬ飬սѣ˭ο㲻㣬ΪǬҲˣѾ⴦ΪУŹκˡ
ʵַ廹лû˵ߣǬ޿κΣûκΰ취ϾʱӡǣԶԶǬܹƳġ
ַ弤ʱӡˣܽɾͱɡַΪƿߺħɱΣȻҲõĮ޷ͬߡ
ˣܽȣ
οַ˽Ͳܵܽ磬͸𣬴Ӷҵ⴦յĽˡ
֣һһģǣ
Ӳ
ԶԶĴǬһֱ׷ϣٶȲ
ַֻȫʩչͣıӡ࣬Ҳͬն÷ǳֲһգʱ䣬ܾͷԾľ롣ˣ˦Ǭ
һֱȥǺ鷳
ַüͷһֱ˦ǬǾֻһֱӡȻƿߵԶԶϣģڼһأǬϣǾ鷳ˡ
ʵʵ
ַ弱еҪʵǬִڣҪ濹ĻֵַƣҲٵӵٸսС
ַֻƾֵֶΣ
ٸսôף
ҪʯĶʯܽ𣬲֪жʯ
ֱַܽѯʵ
ʯ
ܽüͷƺ뵽ʲôһҧʲôĶʯ𣿡
ԣǸƷʶʯǵƷʶʯУȻǸƷʶʯá
ƽַҲûʱȥ͡
ʯУһʮһţʮŵƷʶʯһǿƵǸƷʵĶʯ
ǣܽҲûκԥֱóʮһŶʯַ塣
Щʯ
ַޱȵľ棬ЩʯǵƷʵĶʯҲɼ磬ʮ硣
ַõЩʯҪ߼ˡ
ǿŸƷʵĶʯ͸˲ãϰٸ硣ƷʵĶʯƿ֪Ҳһ
ϰٸĸƷʶʯҲϡ١
ܽڵĶʯӦ㹻ϰٸ磬ȴһŸƷʶʯܽҲܲ򵥰
ܽҲһҧ͵ЩʯЩƷʶʯ⣬ЩռġǿŸƷʶʯǵҵõһõĶʯһűҲˣһԭ׼Ժ֣ԽһЩƷʵĶʯΣַȻҪȻó
ܽȷһͨôܵõôǿĸƷʶʯ
ܽʲô߻ԵַõЩʯʵȻܲǬ𿹺⣬ͿЩʯıˡ
̣֮
ַ彫ʮһŶʯȫ뵽棬֮һ¡


1249 ް磡
ˣ
ֳַһʶ浱СʮһŶʯ뵽󣬻֮˲䡰Ƶģһĸϵ͵ʮһŶʯС
һ졢졢졭
תۼ䣬ʮʱȥˡʮŵƷʵĶʯѾΪ촷ۣȫںϽ˻֮СֻʣǿŸƷʵĶʯȴûС٣һֱԴԴϵı֮ţҪȫںϣҪһʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ֽ֮ӡ
һšššĿš
̶ʱڣ֮Ѿʮӡ
أ
ʮ˲䱬ըֲĹڡܡš硱
ǵģ磬ʮһըѸٿʼۡһ磬ޱۻ룬ޱӴԶһ硣
ʮ磡Щ磬ÿһ綼ͨ磬൱ʮ硭
ַˣҲޱȵ𾪡
֮ǰֻ²⣬ƷʵĶʯ֮ɺӣһͬѰӻ֮磬ҲӦͬ
Ȼ֮ǰַֻǲ²⣬ûʵӡ֤
ڣ൱ַӡ֤ˣԽǸƷʵĶʯô֮ںϹ󣬡ҲԽǿԶԶͨ硣
һʱ֮䣬ַ籩ʵҲǱǡﵽʮ磬жʮ˸Ҳ˵ۺսַѾﵽһʮս
ֻϧ֮ǰǬٵ磬ĻַѾǿһʮսˡ
˿ٵʵӣҲַֻ棬ûκƿûκܹô졣
ҪԸǬԶԶ
һŶʯ
ַüͷһŶʯһֱڱ֮գȴһֱûȫ뵽֮СŶʯܹϰ磬ڸƷʶʯˡ
ַҲ뿴Ŷʯ羿жô棿
ǣַıӣ׷ٵǬ𣬺ȻַٶȣֿһЩȻʱ򶼻һˡ
֮£ǬֻܷĴ߶ͼٶȸַ塣
һ¡¡¡
ʱ䣬ַеǿŶʯʧˣ֮ɣΪ촷ۡ
֮ҲԸԳһӡ
ֻǣӿЩ⣬ǾްƵģϵڳ󣬱ͨӣ˲֪жٱ
ңٶҲرĻ
תۼ䣬ŸʱȥˣڣҲ˼ޣַѾܹо𶯣һը̺Ŀֲ档
¡
ڣӱըˣֲನ˷ɢȥ档ʱַߵٶҲܵӰ죬һģȻͣ
⡭
ַɫһ䣬ҪٴߣǬʱǣٶȷҵȫٶΪһƬƬյַεС
ӣӰ
Ǭŭգһʱ䣬׷һʱ䣬ץס˻ᣬ׷С
ǬУַܽ𣬾ǡСȡԭ硣
ַ𡭡
ܽĽ䱸Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫѷĿֲڣһ׷ϣǾ·һˡ
ϣַ壬ȴûĻһûʲôʩ¶һ㵣ƺ־ϲı顣
ַڵȷܾϲΪ棬صӱը󣬵һ硣
磬ƾް磬ַʶ̫̫磬Ҳûпһ硣
ѹѾвַˡ
СǧУôӴַ岻ֻǴԹһ£磬൱ٰʮͨ硣
ʮͨ硭
ַʮͨӴ磬һʲôĴڣնʯƷŶʯƺһٸ磬֮ˣ磬ֻʮ硣
ƺ࣬ӦĳЩҪġԽǸƷʵĶʯľԽ
ַϸһ룬ƺĶʮô򵥣һŶʯ֮ͨܡʮľް硣
ζʲô
ԺܹһЩһǶʯǲǾܳǧ磬ľް磿
ǵöôĿֲСǧû磬ǧҲӵСңް磬ɲֻӴô򵥡Ӵ磬תά֣ȵȣƺͨкܴĲͬ
ǣ浽Ķɲ˼ʮô򵥡
ްԵ磬ַȴѸٵӵ˶ٶʮսӰַͷǬٸѹ
һַ̣о·޾ǬҲη壡


1250 ܣ
Դһ壡
ַʮսе磬ССΧǸްԵľ磬·һ塣
ʱַ棬ַ塣
ϸ΢ĸоռǿǻ֮յУʹռޱȵȹ̡
污ĤҲһ˲õǿ
޾һȫͷ˳ַδܵǿңԼ
䣡
֮ײûκεĻڣûκεĽңеֻǴ֮ıƴַоһھҵ𵴡
ûκ𣬽ֻ浱еĿռһǬЯ֮ƣҲǻһ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ƽɫһӲƴȻƽɫ
ַ廹Ҫһ㣬ռ·磬ҪԶԶǿڶԷ֮ѹգ𶯣ַ˵ʲô
ܣԲܣֻʮ磬һٸ綼ûУôܿٶ磿
Ǭ۾Ĳ˼֮ɫĺַ棬ֻмʮˡ
ʵϣַȷֻмʮ磬׼ȷ˵Ǿʮһ磬ÿ綼ͬټ澭ʯԼ֮ǿȻһƿ߲һ
ȻǾʮһ磬ȴӵŽʮսٸսǬ𿹺⡣
ûʲôǲܵġ
ַɫԵúƽĿǬ𡣶ԷɱԼͲܣⲻԶԶǬɲ׷ǬˣԷ»һֱ
ȻǬаٶ磬ȻͬɽХͬѵһ㣬ƺƵַ塣
¡
ַҲʮһ磬ΪһƬ嫵棬֮ݺײһ𡣾ҵನ˷ɢȥƬġֱӱֲನŤˡ
ôײַ嶼ȻǿĿܲĹǷʯǿĤֱǿһ𾪵ĵزַҲ֪ʲôܹ˺Ĥ
ô͵Ĥ赣ĶԷ˺Ĥַһ󵨵뷨
Ǭһֱɲʲô£Ҳ취شնɱԷ
䣡
һδηײУǬҲ𣬶һˣϾַӽʮսǬһࡣ
ַסǬ𣬻û⡣
һζײַ棬˲סǬöԷ޷ʱַһ𣺡ͷϣ
𡭡
һͷֲĽޣַ˲ſ˴죬ֱӶǬĤݺһҧ

Ĥ˲ҧ飬ޡͷ۾˸һ˿˷֮ɫһţ·ڶһ㣬Ǭڵһ硣
ޣﲻ̣磬Ҳǽǵʳ
οͷһͷڳɳڵĽޣַ岻һͷƿߣƿߵɡ
ˣͷϵһ磬ҲѸٵĳɳ

Ǭд󺧣ôҲ벻ַȻа֣һһͷޡʮսĽޡ
ƽʱ˵ֻǳɳڵĽˣǳڵĽޣǬҲ塣ƫƫַסãʱ򱻽˺Ĥɾˡ
ޣﲻ̣Ҳܱɡ
һʮ
תۼ䣬ޡͷͼһȦǬ磬ʮ
ǿʮ簡ޡͷôһɣǬѾֻǿˡ
ŵҮ
Ǭһҧʩչĳʱжʮ磬ͬǱըһ㣬ֲϯ硣
ַһʱ棬Ҳоܵ˾ҵ𵴣һʱ佫޸ս棬Ȼ½޶ܲסһ
ಣ
ǬΪһˣʩչֻΪߡ
ַ𡣡
ܽϽǬıӰ˭ûҪȥ׷һΣǬʧأɵ磬ټʩչը磬ǬĿǰٰʮսûˡ
ٴַ壬ѹľһǬ
ַҲնɱǬҲܡǬǵȲεǿߣǾʮѹͲնɱ


1251 ġ
ַô죿𣿡
ܽһʵ
Ǭˣµַ壬ܽ𡣶ң˭֪Ǭ᲻ᷢ裬ټǿƿһͬǰ
ǲ⴦ܣκβַ壬ǬͲ̤ʵϾ˫ͬˮ𣬲ݡ
ʵַֻһˣǲ塣ܽǬ˰ַ֣Ҳסܽ
Ƭַ̣˵ܽ⴦һٶһЩ磬ѸʵǬ֣ҲһʱſִܵܽĻǿȷ򡣡
ַĻ˼Ѿˣܽ΢һ˼漴˵ͷһǾʵϣҵջѾܶˣʮ磬ȥ򴳵Ҳһܹջһ򣬵ַĺϢ
лᣬҲһ򡣡
ַ˵ͷܽŵ֪֮ûʲôҰģҲ̰һոյĽҲṵ̂ͷ
֪ǬַȴڵĲģѾԶԶֵܹģ˵ˮˣֻ⵽֮ꡣ
ˣܽþգûټѡַһڽ򣬶ѡ񷵻⴦յĽ򣬻ܻø磬ʵܿ죬ӦģҲΣա
ȡᣬܽŵ㡣ҽСģܹܽں磬ɳĵز
οʮƿҲˣӻǴ´ˡ
ַ𣬱أ²ΪȱסֻлŲδ
ܽص˵
ףлܽҸ棡
ǣܽʩչֱӻΪһ⣬뿪⴦ոյĽ
ܽ뿪ıӰַ۾΢΢һУҲ΢˿ܽ뿪ؾûʲô˼ˣ⴦ʱǲ뿪ġ
Ǭʲô㣬߻ǿƿߣַҲ⡣
ʱӡǣ˼ʱӡǷغˡ
ţҵ硭
ַ彫ʶ浱У棬ʮһ磬ƺѾˡ
ӴǸΪģһȦһȦǳвεķֲ֮Сֱ仯ǰɴûз
ֲַƺ֮䣬ϵԵ̶ֵȵշ籩𶯣ʹǿ
ַҲףֲַҲ޵ķʸƽ޹ʾͻķֲȻЩȻȻķֲѵķֲʽ
ңЩͬǹһ㣬ΪӴǸΧģַҲʱע硣
Ҳһʮͨľް磬γɵģ
ǣַʶ뵽ǸްƵ統С
ˣ
ַ巢֣ްƵ磬һҡ½жôӴ󣿼ֱ޷һ۶ͷ
ңֹȻϣȴޱȵƺܹĸЩ
磬ѾʼĳЩЩޱȵǿ൱ڻʥޣȻʥ޻Ҫǿ󡣲Ҳһͷͷͷ
粻ͣɱϵУԺķչַҲ޷Ԥ⣬϶ҪԶͨǿࡣ
ַԺУƺԼһͷ
磬ġġ磬ֻ磬ġ硣ģһЩ񻰴˵УһеԴͷϹ֮ʼһħԴ֮ء
ǸɴΪɡ
ַ忴ްƵ磬Ǵ֮ףԳ档ʱ飬Ժжһ󣬡ġεĿӡǵԺС
ַָʶڳ˼ơ硱磬ʲô壿ƺֻл֮˸ƷʵĶʯ󣬲Ż᳤ڡ硱ľް硣
һް磬ַо˺ܳʱ䡣ҲгһЩ硱ŵ㣬ܼ̣һշ籩ܺ˵ģַӵȹ̡
ܹṩҲԶǿһ硣浮ԺչҲһԶԶǿͨ硣
ַףԺġ硱϶ֹһȨ⣬Щ硱ˣǺôЩʲô׶ˡ
ڿڱףַûзʲô׶ˡΨһı׶ˣʲô˺Ĥݻ磬ôһԣַʧء
Ͼһ硱ɾ൱ڼʮϰٸ硣


1252 Ǭ֣
ġ磬ַУǴַеĻ֮ϡġ
ַƿźܴ𣬲ûʹöʯ磬һл֮汾ԴںϵȵȣַԼʲôı仯
ȻǶУһƣǾҪЩơ
Ǭ᲻ưոݣҶҪǿʵܲõʱӡǣ;Ҫõ⴦Ҳ
ַĿҲ˸һ˿˿ľâʲôǻԵǻԵһոյĽ򣬳ĿܣĻԵ
ҪԵǸͲܣ
ǣַٶȳĴѰ磬߶ʯֶǿʵ֪Ǭ𣬿̫ܲʱˡ

ಣ
Ǭֱӳ涽ǰ涽üͷ壬ϵƺֲġ
ҵĽҷֵĽ򣡡
ǬܹںгΪһΪ⴦µĽû⴦ոյĽƾʲôô̵ʱ
ںβƲƣ뷽跨ʵںжû֮ء
İ
ʵǬոҲûַ微ˮˮƽһ硣
㹻ݵˡ
ʧˣ¾ͳˡȻܻԷΪҪֳһЩˣ򣬿ַ岻ͬ⡣
ôǬʵвʡ
ǣַڽʱţַҵ磬ɸ磬ӶٵʵԽԽǿ
Ǭأ
棬ֿʲôǿʵҪȥЩħƴǻȥַƴ
ֻܽ⴦˷ˣһҪҷǳɿˣٲʱʵǿ̫࣬ǸַʵʵҲͱǿһ㣬̫죬ƺǿ
ǬãԺвϵ˸һӰˡҪҵˣɲôףʵ̫ǿ٣ܡɱԼĻնɱַ𣬶ԷˣҪ̽أǬ̫Σˣ
ңɿйͬ档
һɸѡΧС࣬Ҳôȼ˰ˡ
𣬾ˣ
գǬȷѡҪ΢ǿһ㣬ӵнӽİٸսƽʱǬϵܺãŹͬ棬ںУҲǹͬӪ
ȻһյĽǰǬ𲻻Ὣİȫν꣬νϡ
ֻ𾡹ܺǿȴ޷һ˲նɱǬ𣬾ʱ䣬ǬҲһʱ䡣
ˣ𲻴ڽַ󣬾ͷˡԷķˣǬҲҪ⴦ˣɢɢȥʱȻиǿƿǰҲռʲôˡ
Ǭţô޴
ĿǰںǬҪϵֻʱȷغ򣬺οȴ£ҲֻڻˣԲܲʡ
ߣٱQһʱ䡣
ͷ涽Ǭһ漴Ϊһ⣬ʧ涽

һһ꣬¡
ǵַȲΣ㼸ꡢǧʱ䣬Ҳʲô
ַڽСΡȻ֮ǰΪַܽɨýе١磬ַҵˡ
ʮʱ䣬ַһʮ磬õ˾ŸʯֻϧƷʵĶʯֻڻ֮ϡŸ硣
ˣַ棬ҲʮŸ磬ﵽһʮ硣
ھսǾ͸ӿֲˣжʮսַǬȫʢʱڵǬַҲսʤ֮
ַɲ⣬ܲ⡣ʮʱ䣬ǬûκټҲûκϢ¼пܣȥȱˡ
һǬٻص⴦ַٵѹ֪
ˣټǿʵĻ棬ĤôǿҲֵס
ܹҵһŸƷʵĶʯͺˣЩƷʶʯôģ
ַֻϣܹҵʯǸƷʵĶʯΪǲܹǿıĤʹǿַܹĻ֮ǿ硣
ֻǣƷʶʯһҪ뵮һŸƷʵĶʯûԵɺϣʱ£пܵһŸƷʵĶʯ
ˣ⴦ܹҵ⴦ģ˵ǵĵطܻиƷʵĶʯγɡ
ַ뵽һֿܣÿһģǳ⡣
ǷжʯĵַҲҲֻܾȥҡ

涽ˡ
ǬѾ涽⡣
ԣ涽һµĽ򡣡
Ǭ涽Щӡ
ȴĿȣЦ˵˭뵽ŵ涽Ȼж죿Ǭģ֣նɱ𣿵ʱҶ˵ġ
ԣһҪնɱйͷ֮ޣ
Ǭһ뵽ַ弫пܻڽϵԭ磬ͼȷŭ޲ַ̽ʬΣնɱ
ߣ
Ѿͣ˲ɽ涽֮С


1253 еĶʯ
ҵˣǽİɡ
ַޱ߼ʵĽУѰһʱ䡣⴦̫󣬵ˣַһҪȫ꣬Ҳ֪ö೤ʱ䡣
ַҲǸǰʮľ飬ܹҵŵλá
ֻǣǽģôطһ
ģһǽǸ㡱εģַ岻ƿ߶֪
᲻ҲһŸƷʵĶʯֻԵɺϣӶַ岻ҲҪŪ
ֻ֪ǽҪһЩħУͻħڽġ
ģεˣֻҪռݽģǾ˳ڽж°빦
ˣ
ֲַΣ֪Ҵڣ棬ܸĳˡˡöԷ׻κεطֲܹ˼ĺô
ˣҲǹһ֡
ˣַϸĸ⴦ġˡ˵˻۵ģǾͶǽˡ
ֻǸӦˡ۵ģַ˵ѡֻҲ޷ˣϾĹ򣬱˵ַĿǰֻһٶ磬һǧһ磬Ҳ޷ƿһ
ţˣ˻۵ľ⸽
ַϸѭ˵磬ҵһտĵطֻǣ￴ƺҲƽյһƬû磬ûĶʯ
ûУôûأ
ַüͷ壬ģʲôûУЩ̫Ͻġ򡱡
𡭡
ַ巢֣еĽ޾Ȼ궯
ǣޡͷŲ˳
޵ʼѸͣ͵ŭһڿֲ

֮εĹ˲䱻ƵƵģΧĻҲ˱仯ַǰһĻޱȵ𾪡
һžԼ̺ſֲÿÿһΣƺǣĹһ𶯡
ǶʯƺǸƷʵĶʯƺĹһʲôĶʯ
ַ۾û뵽޾Ȼýĵ⴦ֳ֮ңһ͵ɫƺĶʯ
ַɲý޽ŶʯˣֱӽŲƵ棬ϸ۲Ŷʯ
֣ŶʯϢԶԶκζʯҪǿܽǿŸƷʶʯҲ⡣ŶʯϵϢǼֱС׼ס
ϵĸƷʶʯš
⵽ʲôʯѵһǶʯ
ַһ뵽ĳֿܡ
һǶʯǧ绹Сǧ磬һǶʯ޼֮һһǶʯһɹ˳ĳɳǿɾʹһλһ
һѹһ룬һŶʯֵж󣿼ֱ޼֮
ѵһһǶʯ
ַϸĸӦţԽԽã⼫пһһǶʯˡû뵽һǶʯȻķʽġ
ҲǣһǶʯεôһǶʯǵǣΪһǶʯûôҪʱп
ǰŶʯȻϢǿԶԶûеɹĵزҪɹ»úķѺܳʱ䡣
ַлȣһǶʯɹﻹҪȥѰ磿ֱŶʯһԾΪӽһǿˡ
סŶʯĶҲȥ
ַ˾ֱ⴦أʲôʱ򶨽ʯɹʲôʱ뿪
ţһǶʯʵмֵĶ

ಣ
Ӱ˽С
ղŻϢôûˣ
Ǭɫͬһ涽򣬾ͿʼѰַ˿ʵ̫ˣҪҵһЩ˿̸ף
Ǭżȴһ㶼ûżĴ⴦̾Ƶ˵棬ôһոյĽ򣬵磬ѹǬڶ̶ǧھݻԵʵС
ǬΣĻԵٴҲ𣿶һĲ鲻Ըķûа취
ַ壬϶Ը
Ǹַûټô죿
Ǭ˵
Ǻǣ˵ܴ󣬵˵СҲС׼ӵﶼҪһҵ
óһָıǬǰһ룿ıֻҪԷûг޷סϢǾһܹҵ
ǬͲҲַ塣
ǣ˸ݽָ׷١


1254 Ǿأ
ַϥյУʱ䣬ûκζΨһĶǽʶ浱У۲֮
ͨĹ۲죬ַ巢֣֮ѾȡѾ׵ĸı䣬һһ
һĸ룬ֱκҪӴգȫ֮ĸơסˡ
֮Ҳַܵľƿأģʵǻ֮Ҫݻַ棬õİ취Ǵݻٻ֮
ֻǣҪݻٻ֮Ǽֱȵ컹ѡ˺ĤǷ磬Ҳȴݻٻ֮ҪһЩ
ʵַ棬Ƿƽ˾ǡǡ෴ߵ֮·֮·ϣ֪ն˶ħҲ֪˶ħѪ⡣
ЩħѪ⣬øָİ취ջе飬ӶͨħסǣַһЩƻ
һЩħѰŻ֮ȻѾַ֪֮ĸǺĺ͹ؼ
ЩħѪ⣬ַ˵Ѣ֮ˣǧħɵߣÿʱÿ̶׷ɱЩħѪ⡣
вħѪ⣬Ѿ߳նɱˡ
Щûб׷ϣͼͻƻ֮շħַȻ⡣֮ô׾ͱݻ٣ǾͲǻ֮ˡ
ϸĸһУߣħⲻӦǾһһаôһ磬ƽ⡣
ţ
ַһֱУȻ䣬̧ͷԶգԼʲô
ಣ
ԶܿͷɵַǰֳӰ
ַ壡
һȣǬ鶼Ť÷ǳ
㣬Ǭ𡣡
ַ巴ԵúƽֿһԱߵӦþǬİ֡ȻϣǬվ˰֡
ַ壬ڽӣǿ˵֮£ҲӲ
ǬԵǽİٸսټһַ֣ٸսҲᱻѹοַ廹ԶԶûٸս
ϴ֮սʤǬҲΪַ˽ޣ䲻⣬սʤǬ׼Ȼٸַᡣ
㡭
ʱǬԱߵƺЩԾһĿĶַĿ֮ɫ
˳Ŀ⣬ǬҲַڲͬһĻ
ǡǶʯ
ǬҲǼʶ㣬ڿŶʯһ˲䣬Ժһ⣬̲סʯһһǶʯ
һǶʯһһǶʯʱǬ𣬺һӼ
ǿһǶʯǬڵĶʯԶԶȲһǶʯһһǶʯҲζţ˳ΪһĻ
޼֮޼֮
һһǶʯҲˣУûɹˣڻԶԶ㲻һһǶʯ
ַ嵭˵¶һ˿ź֮ɫ
ţʲô
Ǭ𣬾Ҳ۾ַȻ֣ǿĶʯ͵һץ
ַʲôҪ󾡹ᡣֻҪŶʯֻҪܹɹʲôҪ󶼿ᡣ
ԶԣַǧھֹŶʯ֮ǰǵСìܣʵֻᣬʲôҪʲôǶԸ㣬ֻҪӦֹŶʯ
ǬڶľĸоĶַֻƣͲ˿
ʲôЦνԹνˣ
һ򣬲֪ǧ磬һǶʯأǿǿ޼֮ǮҲ򲻵
Ǭַ֮ǰǵʲôֻҪַܰѶʯַ֣ǬҲ˵ʹӦ
һǶʯʲô
ַֻ֣վûȥڶʯϿգǬľѡַֹŶʯûܳɹһǶʯǿɾͿˡ
ǳΪһϣʹںһĵλٸ磬ԱһʵҲûʲôպ͵
ΪһǶʯʵ̫ˡǵʵҵһһǶʯǼܡڣһǶʯǰĻᣬ
ַ忴ĿеĿ̧ͷζ˵ʲôԸӦ˾أֻһ
ৣ
ַĻ˲֮ձ΢


1255 ƷһǶʯ
ǬһӱͱΪȻ֣޹ءˡһǶʯ˭Ҳ޷侲𣬵һһǶʯǰν꣬Ͳʲô
䣬ʣ䣬˵ǶɱʿİϷˡ
Ȼ΢΢һЦַǿԴӦκҪ󣬵ҪǲҪˣɱʿֶοɲ顣ҪܴӦ
𻹱侲ǬҲķֻҪûз񣬻ǣǽַڽӣ
ڶһǶʯǬҲ뷨ģַ΢һ㣬ᵽһǶʯʱ洦طһӣкξ壿
ҲʲôֻҪһǶʯʱգݷһʱ䣬ܹΪһ𣬵ʱʲô»ʹҪ׷ɱˣֻҪڣЧ
ˣһһǶʯ֮ûԸ
ַ忴һǬˣʵҲûָСöɱֻһ԰ˡ
ûЧֿһɻеǿŶʯ̾һû취õɹһǶʯˡһ䱦;ϣĳ֣֮Ҳǿϧ̾ǱĳģŶʯ˭Ҳò
ǣַ͵һգ˲ץס˶ʯ

ʧɫ֮£˲ʩչ˽İٸ磬ֲ磬ѹ£ͬɽһ㣬𺳡
ֻǣַȿֲĹƣǼȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣ
ʱӡǼ˲䣬ַӰʧˣ˵ǰʧû˿ټ
䣡
İٸݺ£ȴ˿մ
أ
ǬѰţͼѰҵ˿ֻϧûκ
ʯҲûˣ
ɫҲصĶʯջǱַõˣĳֲ֪İ취ˣ⼸һαϷˣ
ߣҲ÷⴦һգһҵ㣬ضʯ
գɫˮ

ˣ
ʱ֮ǰһӰŴ˳
ַһͷ˵ϣûܵһӣҲγһĸţҿʱӡǺǿս涽򣬷ϡ
Ŷʯվûܳɹϧˡ
ַһΪðյõıŶʯˡǰŶʯֻǰƷƷ㲻ϡ
ԶԶȲһǶʯַţʹŶʯܹǧ硣
Ѿ൱˲ˣƷվǰƷһǶʯĻһϡ
ֻϧǰƷ
ַ֮ػʯôʱ䣬ʵöʯһʱ䣬ܹʱһ㣬ĻֶʯͽʯõȻǬ𣬵ɾͿˡ
ˣԸðһЩԸ˷һöʱӡǡ
ڣǼŶʯɹʱˣַðôգ˷һöʱӡǣÿһöʱӡǣǴŵĿɶһαĻᡣַȴȻȻѡ˼ʱӡǣҲҪõŶʯŶʯĺ
ַ֪ðգڶģڶŶʯһܹ棬һһɳ졣
ȻǰĻ֮ܳɹںŶʯҽŶʯУ١ǿ硣
ʱ֮㹻ȫַҲԴֻ֪дȫġ
̣֮
ַ彫ŰƷʯֱӾ뵽浱С
䣡
֮סˣһĸ룬飬ֱգĴݺݵİסŶʯʯһƵġ
󣬻֮ȻۿɼٶȣڷĳɳţıĤգҲԿֲٶǿԽԽȹ̡
Ŷʯܴʵ
ַԺһͷ漴۾ϸı仯֪һŸƷʶʯֻһǶʯİƷҲǸƷʶʯˣֱ̺˼顣
ǻ֮Ҳ֪Ҫն೤ʱ䣬ܹȫաַͲȱʱ䣬еʱĵȴ
һꡢꡢꡭ
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡭ
ȥַһͬɮ붨һ㣬һֱûжһֱ
ˣ
Ȼַһţһɿµƴַɢ۾ͷԼһƬ޴ǿգǿУһ磬ͬ°㣬޾ǿ֮С


1256 磬һˣ
ڳ˰ֻ硭
ַе磬̫ǡ̫ǿˣ
ǿʲô̶ȣǿַ֮ǰ棬Ķ֣Ƭ㶼޷ס硣
ʮʱ䣬֮ͽʯˣֻ˶ʮʱ䣬ͽˣַ巢̫ǿ̫ǿѾЩΪֺķʮʱ䣬ĸ磬Ľ糹Ϊһ塣
ûе¡硱ķĻַпǵһԼΪ̫ǿŪñƿߡ
羿жǿ
ַ΢һѾˣ֮ɶʯĹУ̫ԭԳǧĶʯա磬ֻǧ硣
ǧѾ൱ֲˣټַǰսǾͲǧٶսǺεȵĿֲ
ַĿǰ浱е磬ҲŽֻһʮһˣ˵ƿߵʵģġ
ʱˣ֪ı仯Σ
ַ䣬ڵʵʱ䣬ͻͽֱǡըʽû˭ܹϵַٶȡ
ǧսѾħ𶼱ȲϵĿֲ
ʱ֮š
ַ廹ǵúʱ֮ڣֻʣĸ磬Ҳ˵ֻöʱӡˡÿһʱӡǣַ˵󣬿Ըؼİ
ʱӡǣַҲܵõƷһǶʯ
֪νʱ֮ŴǷںУǵĻ
ַţ漴һ뵽ʱճӵС
ûǺ磬Ͼļ磬ĵطǰûշ磬ڣˣǾ;̺ٱȺħŰ
磬ˡ
ַ׼˵߸磬˲һͷеС

ô磬ôıԴ籾ԴҾ޳ɵħˣ
һħʩչž޴ħȻֻأȴѾ߱ſֲħǰһӴ硣
ڣϸֳ˾ףֻϧȻף𣬵ħȴΪ
ħ޶һܵͷ
׶ݺݵغ
ܵͷ磬ħΪʲôܳͷǸ߹ħǣ籾ԴϣĪң
ħĿЦţЩҲˣԹȥħôЩħƺܹթ־ǵĹ޷䵽ħϡ
ʹ䵽ħϣħֺξĹ
ħֻĿԼ籾ԴһţֻʣһǧٿףɢϢ硣
ô磬ûܳͷħЩ̫š
ȻһİƮƮķɽ˵ĶС
ʱħϵЦһӱ
˭˭
ħţ˷˺ԶԶ
ಣ
ȻһӰȻз˳
ˣҾ
İˣħЩŹ֣ϸַһ漴ŴĴ󺰵ƿߣȻƿߣԭЩƿ߶ˣһƿ߾Ȼ硣㣬ΰçɽɽӻĽ򡣡
ôΪβܽ㣬һħССħҲΨħǿЦ֮
ַһħħͬһ˲仯Ϊӣ֮һֱӾ浱С
СҲ⣬ַ岢ûзŹħħ
ˣ磡
ֱַ̧ۣһֱϵʱӡǣȻһöµʱӡǣǰһģһַʱӡԽԽˣһһΡÿζʱӡʹڹؼʱ򣬷ĻԺûʱӡǣǾ͵ȫԼˡ
˿ܣַ峤˿ô˵磬ַˣ
ǣѡ񣬽ҵ磬ߣں硣
ַ忴磬оףֱӽƿߡħԼͨ͵׵ԺС
ڵơ
ܿ죬ױ˾
ΰƿߣԸ磬Ѱıӻ
ףַ磬ѰӻħΪĽУʵ̫ˡ
ΪǱħѰҵǾ籾ԴᱻɣƬΪһƬŵ硣
ƬŲƽУַٴ˺嫵ĺ磬ãޱ޼ʣûʱͿռĺ磬һƬĺ磬Ȼ˵ġС
վҵĹ簡ȴȺħռݺˣ磬ҲܳΪħ԰
ַţһâ


1257 ˣ
ħ磬˹Ȼһ¶
ˣ
˹ףƿߣ뿪˺ƿߣڸղţȻָӦˣĸӦΧֻһ
˵Էֻˣ
Ȼֻˣϸηʮһħ£һֱѰټء
˹ޱȵ˷ܣ̶ǰħ
ΰĵʮһħ£Ҫ档
ʮһħѾ׻ָһʮصħںУǿ࣬Ѿﵽħ
Ȼǵʮһħʵںħ٣󲿷ֶ˺ܴԭ󱻻ܣûƿߵħȻ޼ɵӷź籾Դ
һĽ磬ȻħǶõ˴ȵ
˹£
ʮһħʵ԰˹ô⣬һħˣǵõŰ˹׷дܵƿߣôһССħ
ΰʮһħ£ڸղţָӦǸַƿˡ
ţ˵ʲô
ʮһħɫһ
ΰĵʮһħ£Ǹַ壬пֻص˺磡
䣡
ʮһħԺһը漴ϲɫæʵȷǸַ壿
ԣΰħȷһǸַ壡
ܺãϴˣһһˡţξͲߵʮħˣһ˳ܸ㶨
ǣǣΰʮһħ㲻
̳һҪҵǸַ塣
ʮһħѾͣԾԾˡ
ڵʮһħո뿪ʮħħȴ͵õϢ
ţʮһħŰ˹뿪ˣǸַƿߣͲסįص˺硣͵ǸַǺĹ磬ƿ߶ԼĹ磬˵ĸ飬һʮһħôƲĺô
ʮħЦһϵһ죬᲻ڰ˹ֽţˣڰ˹һ
ಣ
ʮħҲ˲仯Ϊһ⣬뿪ħ硣

ַһ·У֮ܳءΪ̶̵ʱѾ磬磬ȫŵ磬Ҳ˵û籾ԴΪŵ磬ٱ
ַⶼħɡ
ΪƿߣȻףʵƿ磬ħƤ籾Դûʲô̫
ӲҪ˵Ǿƿߣٻάһϵ򡣱ƿ뷶ΧĽʵĺܺã򣬻տʼҲƿһɨգҲᵮһЩ磬ƿ߾ͲˣҲᵮƿߣճΪƿߵһԱ
ܽ𡢰ˡ
ħͬǴƻ𣬴Ὠ
һ٣ħǾͻתƵһ򣬼ƻħƿߵͬ
ַѾ뵽浱УǺܰȫַ岻ǣǱ뵽浱Уʵʧȥϣ
Ǿǿ츳ٺãԶҲ޷ͻԶҲ޷ΪƿߡһУħı£ַ岻ѶΪ֮
Щ磬ַûм磬ַļ磬ڿ类ħ̣⸱ģַоһ˿ŭ
ˣħַ嶼ͳͳնûκ顣ڳħķǰ֪ħ֪ħһŹġ
Ũĵطħ磬пܾڽģ
ݣ
Ȼַͣ˽ŲֶԶĺ
ԶĺѸٵķһ⣬ֳϤӰַġˡˡ
˹еʮһħ
ַ۾΢΢һУȻϳӰ
ַ壬Ȼ㣬Ȼһص磬Ѱ·
ʮһħޱȵ˷ܣڿַȷǵַ壬͵ʮħǰʧַ塣
Ѱ·ǧħѵû˵¸յĿ࿴ô˭Ѱ·δ֪ء
ַЦЦһƽĿŵʮһħȵ̬ȣõʮһħ΢΢һЩ
ħǽթգͬʱҲǽڵַ壬ƺ˺ܴĲͬ
ʮһħôżôҲȵȱ
ȻԶĺִһʮһħɫ͵һ䡣


1258 նħ
޾ĺУֳһӰӰʮһħɫЩ̫ÿӰʵ̫Ϥˡ
ʮħڰ˹ֽţ
ʮһħһ۰˹Ȼˣֻڰ˹ֽţʮħ׷ٵ
ʮħ΢΢һЦǧ棬֮ףңһɱַ壬ôַٴγˣƲˣ
ߣʮħȻˣǾͻϹأСϵܣһ
زʮħҲֻЭ̵ͼҪˣϾʮħ˿ѷ
ˣ
ַȻˣȤĿŵʮһħʮħûԼѾʼηսƷˡ
ţ
ħתͷĿַ壬ǵУַ岻Ǵ׵ĸˣǣַ廹ܹǰϢʧֶΡ
˵ϢʧֶΰɣֶεȷǿӦĳرֲεر϶һԵģֻʹüΡ֪ϻûر
ʮħƽʵʵȴƶˣַûرˡϾħǰϢʧһץסرһ㣿
޴εʹã޵ˣ
ǸͲţַ廹ر
ַ峤̾һҡҡͷҲŷսƷˣǻǶ룬ô߰ɣѵǲãҴҡڵĳں磬ֻһɺϣ
ţ
ַĻ£ħҲЩɣǸͲַȥ롣
ַ뿪Ŷꣿһٶˣ겻ܳɳʲôزҪַֻ֪ʮءʮħħˣЩħ֪жôңԶ

ʮһħȶˣħԻ˳ΡĴɽһ㣬˺ءѹȸС
˹һɪɪͬʱҲĽ֮ɫ
ħں磬ǼֱԺ޼ˡʮһħʩչħ޴ƣݺݳַһץ
ץö𣿡
ַǼ¶һ˿Цûжһ£ƾʮһħĴ£ħĴָץס
СӣΪжͣˣ𣡡
ʮһħЦȻ֮ǰ˵ɣʵϣַͻȻں磬Ĵǡˣһ־ȫԸûκα
һַưˣ׵ĸץס
𣡡
ʮһħ˷ܣʹһᣬȴоЩԾˣַվȴ˿̸ͬһ㣬޷
ţô£
ʮһħüͷ΢壬漴ħٶȫͬһصĿֲħһ㣬һŭ𣬿ֲƺܹٵء
˿ֲַȴ˿
ʱ򣬼ٴҲԾˡ
Сģ
ʮħѾˡַ֮ϵϢ͵ıֳһ°ĹâԼֳһ硣
һ磬ްһ㣬˿ֲѹֻӰҲѹõʮһħʮħ޷Ϣ·ҪϢһ㡣
ôܣŶ̶һٶ갡
ʮһħϵıţôҲ޷ţһٶַܹ꣬ɳֵزǸӰǺεȵĿֲֻһӰѾѹס˵ʮһħ͵ʮħ
ǧħ׷ɱҲ˽ˣ
ַ˰֣ڵʮһħУֺֻյĿֲһ㣬ЯŻصϢݺݵͷ

ʮһħֻĿԼһҲ޷ʩչħݷˣַֻܱľֺݺס˲뵽浱С
أ
ʮһħħ񣬽ַһӶûмסͱ˲𣬻Ϊ籾Դ֮ɡ
ħųǧħں߳Ƶĵʮһħʹħһն޻Ϊҽ
ħݷ
ʮһħ³ʮħֱðﻹ֪ǰַѽˣԶԶЩħֵܵסġ
ˣʮħҲϣȼʮħܹǿʩչħݷҪߡ
ַѾԤϵˣڶԷʩչħݷĵһʱ䣬Ѿȫ浱С
أ
ħݷȷ棬ַһ֣׽ˡʮħݺݵײĤ֮ϣַ˿̵ĤǿŰƷһǶʯǿѾ˲˼ĵز
ȼʮħʩչħݷҲ޷˺Ĥߣײΰأûлع
أ
ַҲûзŹʮħֱնħŨ籾ԴԴԴϵı֮ɡ
ز˹ɪɪ߶ҡ
ǰַ壬֪Ǹַ
ħֱɨ޵Уֲ˹ֻħ磬˵еçɽħɽħַܿ˰ɡ


1259 ɨ磡
˹ħ
ַվǿյУӸ£ħ˹
˹һַ壬ֱѾ޷ֱַˣ˿̵ַ壬̫ʵ̫ңԶˣħַжһ֮Уο
˹ҲеֻЦһַ壬ҵĿ֪ħ磬Ҫ֪ԼȥҰɣ
أ
Ż£˹ҲԱˣħѪ⻹ɢķַ֮˲ѹ촷ۡ
ħ磬һҵ
ַ䣬ȻҲûӰ˹Ŀе֪ħľλãʵ˹˵ַҲ֪
ģħضںġֻڽģܻˡ
ַҲûżնħħӦżĲЩħַ壬ôӴ籾Դ磬Ǿʵ̫ϧˡ
ǣַԾԭأĵȴţ籾Դе磬ϵǿʵ
ҪĿɲֻҵħ磬ǡ׸ħ磡


ħУӰ˲両֣˳ˮ
ʲôˣ
æܽħأǿǰһĻȴŴ죬֧֧ᣬʲô˵
ʮһħ£еʮħ£㡭ôħأ
ħذֻбնħŻħиҲ˵ʵʮһħʮħѾһˡ
˿ɶǺպħǿĶ֣֮߻ǲģȴֱӱնħ
ʮһħʮħɫħһԲ֪ڿʼѾˡ
ħǺʵҲսթֻǱ˼ʮħǻжɽʱ򣬾ʮһħһʱֻʮħħݷ˺ܳʱ䣬𣬲һһ޳ħ
һѵŬ
ͱԣΪħֱܵħ൱ħеĹ壬ײħƴɡȻħҲϵͨײħƴΪħҲɸ߸ϣɡ
ڣħûлˣΪǱնħһħûУͰ˹ûʲô
ǣѾǸ߸ϵħˣ
ҪȥçɽħҪ
ħƺץס˾ĵƵģڵĴΨһİ취Ǽçɽ
͸¶ַϵܣçɽһЩʹͣжɽĻᡣ
çɽħ𣿺ٺ٣˼ħĹأӦһѾħˣҪçɽ𣿵Ȼԣǰܽħ𣡡
ħصһҲǼʹ档ħ׻ˣ붫ɽΰɣħأ֪ħħиնɽΪħߣж٣ֱָûС
ɣѾħôʱˣź𣿡
ħ̱һ飬ħϳħءʧȥħݣʧȥǿһ޵ħĿǰֻײħˡ
ֻȥΪһЩͨħˣܻȡ΢΢籾Դ
ôҲû뵽Լ䵽ĵز
ַ塭
ַ壬˶ҧгݣ޲ַܽʬΡַ壬Ū⸱ģô䶼޼£Ҳֻܸڶײħʼ¡ƴ
гһգǻܹ³ͷأΪ߸ϵħء

𣡡
ַһȣз֮˲ħħħɶܲÿһӵʮħϡ
ֻϧַһն
Щħ̰ͷһЩϢħԴԴϵĸϵûЩնħħѾħײħû취Ϣݵ߲ĶС
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣʱ䣬ԭأһֱû뿪ȴԴԴϵħǰ̣ܹѰء
ⲻ֪ûСءеֻһ塣
ǶôǿħһҵǾ
ַһСƻ˵Сıû뵽ıȻôõЧ֪ħޱȲпᣬȼ̻һնħħħиҲֻײħ
Щħ˭⣿
ħУֱ֮û˭ħЩħҲ˽ûɣǵùˣħ
ˣ͵¼ʱȥħȻûзַ֣ôһλƿ֣߳ԴԴϵĽɱħ
ʹЩħûзַ壬ַԼȴҲ̲סˡ
Ҳ࣬ȥħˣ
ַһ˿âħ磬ͬһһںУϼȡźġϵ͡
ÿһգħͻǿַͨնôħʵҲ࣬磬ַսǧٶս
Ѿ㹻ɨħ磬ɨˣ
ˣַѾͲסҪȥɨħ磡


1260 ˣ
ħظħ࣬ѯһõһõϢ
çɽ۾
ħ磬ʵڹɽûô֣õһãҲçɽЩŭް취
ʲôϢ
çɽʵ
Щħ޳˼ʮħħħնħ˵Ǳһƿ߸նħ
ƿߣԭѾɢ׽ɢƿ֯Ҳûֺ磬Щƿ磿
çɽܱߵָơ
𣬻᲻Щߣ
çɽǲܣϾߴʵǿ󣬱ħǿıȱȽǣǶߣǵЩ鷳ˡ
˭ں£ǲȥһˣλƿߣô󵨣
çɽѾԶˣЩ꣬һֱɣʵҲܿ죬ܾҲûлˣ鷳һ㶼ģЩԾԾԡ
ħͺսܹսħԣͲη壬˷ܡ
ϣƿߣñʧ
çɽǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
¡¡
Ȼ֮䣬ħ綼ҵĶħ罨֮δ¡
ô£
çɽ̾վ
桭ƿߴˣ
ʲôƿߴˣ
çɽϵЦݶˣħ罨񣬼ǵԭҲܻöԷߣ󳹵׽ɢ
ȴһƿ߸ˣ̣
ããͿ㵽˭
çɽ¶Ȼɱ⡣
ʱħ֮⡣
ַվںУӸ£޴硣˵磬˵һͳС
飬ȫħһں֮ϣѹˣͷ·ں֮ϣһذһ
ħڵһգԶ޷õ
ַУѾʼ˥ˣħ磬籾Դոһգ긴һ꣬ͷ·һϵļȡźϵӪ
ٹǧꡢ꣬ͻú涽һΪһĽ򣬲Ϊ֪
ַ岻뿴ӣļ磬úúƽ٣һħɧš
ѣǧ֮ʼ£ڵ֮ǳ׽ǰħݻ٣ֻдݻħ磬عƽ
¡
ַٴһȭħ綼ھҵţǧٸսħҲ״ݻٵġ
ͬԭսһҪݻħ磬ءȻ˵һʵһ£Ҫݻħ磬ǵúķѺܳʱ䡣
ַ岻е硣οЩħҲβܡ
ˣֻһδεĵһδηĺħ֮ϡ
ס֣
ڣһӴħˣȻçɽ
ңçɽ𻹴ŶʮλħħĶַ塣ʵַ̫ˣһ֮ħ磬ںУδֹ
Ȼǰħ磬ܺСħ磬С˲֪٣Ҳħ簡ǺħĸַôĹ
çɽóˣ
ַ嵭˵
ţ㵽˭
çɽ𲻼ǵáַ塱ļУҲûƿ˵ǿ󣬹⿴ղַʩչЩļ¡
˶£ѵ˵ԭˣĳʱǡɾԭսУҲԭһԱɡ
ַ渵ƺ˿ܻԼ
ԭĳԱô˵ԭطˣ
çɽɫԭҪֵĻǵ鷳ˡȻԭ󣬵ԭˣͲΪԭֻǸ˺ʱˣοԭԱСֵһᡣ
ԭܸǧ磬ƿڶУҲռһϯ֮ءȻǽ鷳Сǧ磬ֻҪһɨƽ׾١
Ҳѹçɽᵣˡ
ַȴûƣοڵԭʲôƿɽ裿
ѾԭĳԱˣԭж޹ءֻܴԼ磬ҵļ磬ħռݺ磬ͬһȻ̡գΪɨЩúعƽ
ַĻçɽЩЦһλƿߣɨħ磬Ļˡ
ããһƿߣɣ𿴿㵽ûɨħʵ
çɽһǧٶħƺƵ˳ں֮Уħַ֮塣


1261 ѹ
һħ𣬱һǧħ֮ܳΪħ𣡶çɽԲһĵ𣬶
һǧٶħΪһ޴ħ񣬶أ˿ֲϢ
Դһ壡
ַЦһçɽˡ͵һֳһӰУްƵ磬ǧ磬ױȵǿҵĳ
çɽħһʱҲе˾޴ѹ
䣡
һ̣ûѡֻһս
޴ħ񣬺ݺݵںײûκμɣ֮ıƴçɽħ𣬾ǿǿɽ֣λļ
ڣһӴçɽ͸оһױȣƺ̩ͬɽѹһĿֲϯ
أ
çɽħһ˲ħͷʮأ⻹ֻһӴַԾƵѹ¡
һءءء
çɽħħͬѩһ㣬ٱţΪ촷ַۣ֮һֱӾ뵽浱С
Щħɶ籾Դɣ籾Դַ岻˷ѷֺ
̶һӴֻܽɲǵʱ䣬çɽħʧħ̲סҽһг˾ȡ־塣
ܡɽ𣬻֣
çɽħޱȵľ֣ޱȵĿ־壬ڸղţƺԼܵϢ
ǲ˼飬ħݺʮ꣬
ǰַ壬ȷܵϢƺֻҪһСģٵһʱ䣬ĻڸղţôݵĽӴУѾʧħҪ֪ܹҲֻһǧħˣʧ֮һ
Σοס
ֻʣһǧħçɽ𿸲סˣʱ򣬴ħУַɳһӰϢ֮çɽħҪֲһǧ˰ħɽ
ɽɫĮһֱǿħһ޴ħ񣬳ַͷݺ¡
ַ屻çɽħǣסҲ޷ˣһƣôַͷϡ
¡
һǧ˰ħǿɲЦ͵Ϯ֮£һ޷ַǧħǧ磬Ҳпش
ɽȫһַʱַֻ棬΢΢𶯣ͬˮһ㣬˷ɢ
󣬾͹ƽˡ
ôܣ
ɽҲˣţַ磬ô֮ǿʵϣַҲЩȣΪ̫֮ĶʯǰƷһǶʯ涼ĳֱ仯
Ĥǿᵽ˼㡣
ˣַǿĸͲǹķķҪ볹˺ĤҲǧУҲ˵ҲҪǧħħ𣬲п˺ַĤӶشַ塣
ǧħǺεȿֲĴڣ
çɽɽ𣬾Ӫʱ䣬Ҳ޷޳ǧħħƿ߲һƿڶʯһʯﵽ˼ޣ޷
ħȻûмޣڶʯħħԽԽѣҪʱĻۡ
ˣЩǳǿħһħ޲ʮ꣬ϰͷЩϹôʱ䣬ô籾ԴӶħ
ɽҲһΣ
ַ֣һ¡һ£Լ֣̩ͬɽѹһ㣬ݺݵɽϡ
أ
ɽػ޴ħͬһ˲ѣħһ˲ͱַ飬ٱ֮һ浱С
ַͬս޲ʤһ㣬޵еѹħݺң޵УħĿһսħ۾ƿԡ
ǲĶ֣ӣ
ɽ𵱻ϣçɽһ𣬷ٵӽħ統С
ħ磬ͬڹһçɽɽӪ꣬ˣޱȵǿֻһε˲ݻħ硣
ħҲ޵Уַûһȴ޾ʱ䣬ĺЩħš
ÿ춼ڳħ繥ңַĹ۲죬ħҲĹϵ
һ졢졢졭
ַţò˶ãħͻ᳹ױ
ңַлŴ籾Դе磬ÿһʱ䣬ʵͻ᲻ϵ
ˣħ类ƣҲֻʱ⡣


1262 һڡ¡ħ磡
ħ磬ѾĻ̻ˣǺĹħ֪ڵĴ˵ĩս١
ħħص֮£ҪһħأʵǷǳǳѵģħҪ뿿һ֮ħصĽҲͲܡ
ħأֻһħӽвϵļȡάħصת˲ܹΪħǸħء
һʧȥЩħصҲͲڡ
çɽڣħħħءһħ类ƣħر٣ôЩħҲͽ
Ȼɽ
ɽçɽġԮɽͲǺħĽ򣬾Ҳֻеħи
ɽֲεǿߣʲô壿ǧ࣬ʱĿޣŵԳΪһӴͷʼ۷
ǵҲû˿İա
ˣڣɽΪԼˡ
ʲôɽҪ뿪磬ʱ뿪磿
çɽޱȵķŭʲôħؼʱ̣Ϊħ֮һɽȴѡ뿪ζʲô˶
ɽʼ磬ޱ˵çɽ𣬵˵ˣֻǰԭˣħһ档ңЩҲ֮Լûжħָֻţûв֡ˣҾʱ뿪ˣ㲻ָħ군ɣ
㡭
çɽŭ֪ħսթ˽Լ֮£Ҳһ뷽跨뿪
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ɽͬɽҪ뿪çɽҲ޷һɽ뿪ĻɽǴħڲħ˲Ϣͻ
ˣçɽһȰҲ㣬㶪ʧħ磬Ҳõﲻ˾ҵħԼҪġ
˵꣬ɽҲçɽӦֱ뿪ħ磬çɽҲֻܴһӣɽȥ
çɽĿ˸Ҳ֪ڿʲôҲȷӦˡ

ţ
ַĲħԼһ˿˿ת˲ţ漴ʧӰ
뿪ħô
ַܸӦħ뿪ħ磬ϢϤӦþħ֮һɽ
ȥȱ룿
ַһɽ뿪ַ岻֪ʲôԭ򣬵ȥ׷ΪҲ׷ϡ
ɽĿģȥȱ룬ַ嶼Ҫ칥ħˡ
ʱ䣬࣬ﵽǧٸսʱħһˣ
ַ漴ԼʵȫһӰʱѾʵʣƬǿһ㣬ƺƵħѹ
¡
ַ֮ȫ̬͵ײħ磬ʱħ綼ײòϵԼһ˿˿ѷ֣ͬ֩Ƶģʼķֲš
ħ磬ڼ
һʱ䣬ħĻ̻̣ħڷ񣬷Ҫӳħ硣
Ϊħ֮һĵħ磬ķʮѪçɽ𣬴˿ϵı鶼Ť
йɳ嶯ҪַͬھçɽΪħսթֺǡͬھҲ˲ַ塣
ħѾѷ죬ѾǴȥκ漣ˣʱçɽ𼴱ٲģҲҪʧܡ
ַ壬סˣֻҪһڣ㲻ݣ
çɽŭһ漴û֪ͨκˣѸٵĻΪһ⣬Ҳħ硣Ϊħ֮Ҫ뿪ûܹס
ţçɽҲ뿪ˣ
ַҲçɽ𣬵Ҳûа취çɽյħ統նסַ֮漴룬ַҲ޿κΡ
ַصҲçɽϣ֪ҪɱһλʵѺѣļˣھԵƣҲɿս뿪ħҲκβá
ͬˣħ磬çɽҲߡ
çɽߣȴħ磬ַصȴħ磬ջ
çɽ뿪Ϊħ֮çɽ뿪֮ħʹ˲ٿأһ˿˿ѷ죬͸˲ǧٿס
ַҲԥɽçɽ޿κΣħеκһħַɶŹ
潵٣
ַ䣬һ̣Ҳԥ˲佫ţ漴һŴһ㣬϶£һڽħ綼̡˽ȥ


1263 ѹζʯ
䣡
ħħաʵգƺһӾͱˣһţԼǳ˸ţ
ңпֲѹϢħ
ƿߵ磡
ôܣƿߵ磬ôܽħ綼̽ȥ
ãħˣçɽѾʧˡ
ʲôǶȥˣҲϽɡ
һʱ䣬ħֻǣôַܿɣˣһ˲䣬ַѾħһڡ¡ˡ
һħжôӴ
൱ʮϰٸ磬Ҫַ࣬ȴӴ󣬹һ磬ǧͨ硣
ַʶѾ浱УӸ£ħ硣ߣ֮еħ硣ͬħǵħһ㣬ֱ᲻ɴݣȴַ̽浱С
򣬾ͬһһ㣬ħ綼εǿյУ˿Ҳá
ಣ
ʱħǧٿףħͲסĳ˳Ҫ롣
ַӸ£ЩħһԵķ˳ͺһֻֻһ㣬ǵأ˷ȥ
ں磬ַ嵱޿κΣַ浱УܵĴ֮
ǣַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ漴һ١
أ
һը˷ЩħмħģҲʮħħһ⣬˶ԶͳͳѹΪ촷֮ۡ˲˴籾Դ
ַԹһУħеħҲ֪ĿǰĴûκħٳˡ
Ҳһƿߵ磬ζʲôһһƿߵУǾͼǴ׵ĸ޿κΡ
ַ忴Щħ޶ԣħʹٶַ࣬Ҳһ˿ÿһħ϶ԭ۵ÿһħǶծۣûνġ޹ħ
ˣ
ַ˲併ٵħ統С

ħһɢֻĶַ壬ֻĿǳĸӣоηп־壬вޣҲһ˿թ
ħսթ˽ѾˣַҲЩħĿ⣬ƿħУ㹥սݣҹħ磬ʵˡ
϶ʯߣʱ
ַħ硣ħ̾ںô꣬ΪһĽַҲõʯ̺һЩʯЩħõˡ
ʯУ
ҲУ
ҵȷ϶ʯɷ
ַ忴һЩӻԾħЦһ漴һ
ͣ
иղ˵ħԻΪ촷ۡ
˵϶ʯߣʱûּۻۣЩǳͷ
Щħѹ촷ַۣҲûзŹϵĶʯǣһУʯץС
ЩʯֻƷʵĶʯַ˵ҲʤޣܱûҪáңţЩħԲ˽ضʯ˽أַҲ⡣
Уħħһţ˽ضʯַֻķʱѰҰˣͲʲô
Ȼַġ塱һЩħϽϽ˶ʯֻϧͳͳǵƷʵĶʯֻмһЩƷԺõĶʯ
ƷʵĶʯһûС˵һǶʯˣЩħûмġ
Ȼܴ󣬵нһǶʯôһǶʯСǧ磬жٽ
¸֮һͱضˡʵϣһ𼴱ǧ統УǵλҲͣҲһЩмԳΪһ֮
ΰַŴԵʮһħʮħѾˣħ
ȻһħҲ֪ħ֪˵ʮһħʮħַг𣬾Ȼһħҵħͼַֺ塣
ַ忴һ緢ħ緢Ѿʧȡ֮սսС΢ħûκ
ħǿΪ𣬼߸ϵħһ䵽ħҲѸٵӦĬĬĵȺĻᡣ
ء
ַѾǻˣħ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ħ
ַƺʶħȤ
ǵһħħ⣡
Ŷħ⣬ܲȥħأ
ַõʯıǴħأҲħܹϸġ
ħأħĸַ뵽ħһˣкܿħصİأ˵ԺԸħҲиİ


1264 ħ
ܿ죬ַħԣħУһЩħڡһЩոձַնħħ
ַ΢΢һ޿ײ֮Ѿ͸ħصСħصĹַǰѾûκܡ
ħ˴湹죬ħĶһΪħعӦֵ˼
ҲΪ򲻶ϵġӦħأħزܹԴԴϵħǸֻҪħǰħУһĵѪ⣬Ǿܹħ¡
ħأʵһеء޾ټħصֶΣԲγħء
ħػ棬ֻϧֻħƿ߻޷ħи
ַҡҡͷħؿ棬Ҳֻʺħƿ߶ܲˡοƿˣ㸴ʲôã
ƿߵĸ磬ؼҪʯ
ƿߵĶʯħħأⶼǻҪĶַо͸ħأʵҲо͸ˣʵԸħûʲô
ַҲйһħأʲô壿Ӧһħأ
ܵħʲô壿
ƿ˵Ǹ籾ԴӦħأǱĩã
ַӰһѾħϿգڿ浱У޿ײ룬̽ÿһ䡣
Ѱ
ַҪѰǶʯɲЩħὫжʯԹԵķϡһħŶʯ
ȻʯħûãħҲͬעչζʯΪΣʵĳЩɫش
磬һЩߣħƿߣ˫һЩ𡣱磬ħҪ籾Դƿ߿ṩƿҪʯħҲṩ
˫˽µһЩɫףʵŵġеǶǷǺڼףŻɫش
ЩħҲеĶʯһЩƿϻȡ޴档
˿ַ֮£׷ױ¶һſŶʯħзɳֱӷɵַУЩħ׷׵ıըΪ촷ֻۣħвϵĸ
ַҲ⣬ѹŶʯЩʯһЩƷʸߵģҲ̫ߣ󲿷ֶƷʵĶʯַ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ķʯ֮ΪһŴ죬ֱӶˣ֮Ҳһٳӣ涼̺һ硣
ַ˿ȴûʱȥ˼Щ磬ΪѾħ硰롱ˣħ磬Ӧôڣ֮Դ
ַҪ뻹һƬͱ볹״ݻħ硣
𣡡
ַѾɵħϿգһױȵħ磬ıûκ֮飬漴һǡ
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ħ类ݻ٣ħҲ׻ȥħеħϢϢصЩħѪ⣬Ҳ׷ײҽһ󳹵ʧ١
ַ棬о΢΢һᣬȻֱ֮һƵġǰַߵ֮·ЩħѪԽԽ࣬ʵϾ浱еġ׸ƻ档
ַݻħ磬ҲͳնЩħѪ⣬ȻΪ֮һᣬתҲӵġг
ͬʱһɹɿֲ籾Դ֮Ƭ档
ƬԴ֮֮Ӵ󣬼ֱӴַ޷ƽ̵֮ɡ
ħѾʮʱ䣬ô꣬һֱڼȡźַһݻ٣ΪĴȻַֻ浱С
ôַȻԴһȫաˡ
ֻǣʵ̫ӴˣӴַһʱᣬ涼ѹƲסĸо̫ӴıԴʲô£ַ汾ԴҲҪӾˣıԴͱ硣

ЩѾǿ磬ʵ̫Щ̫㡣ַ㽫Ŀ˻֮ϳЩ硣
Щ磬ǰַ˴ĶʯӶ磬һǧ硣
ЩɶۣҲ͵ȵ磬籾ԴǱض°빦ǣַħӴԴԴԴϵһǧ磬ʼģ


1265 ĵçɽ
ַ棬ţѾǧٶսһǧʯһǧ磬ַս˲ǧӽǧ硣
Žֻǿʼһħ磬½ֻħ磬̺󣬱ϾçɽʱľӪħͬ۶ɵ硣
ħݻٺ󣬴籾ԴַĻ֮УŸոաһǧ硣
⵱ȻҪʱ䣬ַںУĵȴţ֪һɹʵ½һʵ

ɽ𡣡
ڱУçɽɽ𣬾ЩɽߣȴòѰɽİ
ڱ򣬾ɽϳ˵ɽڵħ
ôçɽҲħ磿ͶˣҶħ𣬺嫽򣬲֪ж٣αƿӲӲһһ¶ˣʱֻʣħڲҲǵ𣿡
ɽǿĺܿƺ˺ܳʱ䣬֮õŵ¡£սթҲܹǿģƲԣ̾ӣʱʵǿ޷նɱЩħ
һЩİħ磬Һķ޾Ѫлȫķ˺ħ統УЩŬˮƯ
çɽܲģʵһҰġƾź磬ϣ޳ǧħʱٻǰһӴĽ˵лΪһħ𣬳Ϊʵһ֮
Сǧ統УһҲֻЩһһǵ۰һ򣬲ܱȳΪһ֮
߸ϵĹôһʵۺľл֮λġ
Ȼϵ£ô򵥣ҲֻͨгΪһǵħǲлᳯϵħ
Ļһ˿ϣûС
ԭ˺Ϊܣçɽݷںǧܴ꣬Ը޳ǧħϡ
ֻϧһеϣˣַˡҵ򣬶Ҳƿ߻ǿħ֣ʵ̫̫ˡ
çɽжôʹַ壬ɼһߡ
ɽ𣬺ڱħ磬Ҽǵ޵Ϊɣ¾Ŵһʱ˴ڱٹʱ䣬ϣڱ򳹵ƿУеƿߡ
çɽɭɭ˵Ȼڱĺˡ
ţ˵ʲô
ɽɫһ޵ǿ۳˾ǧħһħƿν죬ںڱУƿӲһǿ߲޵Ϊ޵ǿ
޵µľŴ𣬸ÿǧħϣ˲ܱ޵֮Ϊĸ۰
ڱҪȺ粻֪˶ٱҲͬɳһڶࡣȻ޵ռƣƿҲ٣ͬ޵ڱƿȨ
ɽ𣬺ڱҲ˽⡣֪ǺڱŴ֮һšֻҪܽҽܸ𣬲֪Щʲôһٷ籾Դ
һٷ籾Դ
ɽĿһçɽ𣬿çɽ΢΢һЦҲǲԣܲ˵ǿɾˣһٷ籾ԴһҲ٣
ȻɽѾ֪çɽĴ㣬ȻҪ˵ɽɲΪçɽ˵
Ͼ߸ϣ޵ţֻںڱǲȥġ
һٷ籾Դ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣ôһܹ֮ͣջһٷ籾ԴɽɲŹ
ģҺƭɽһٷ籾ԴھͿԸ㡣
çɽҲǻȥˣҪϧһдۣҪء硣ˣ̾͸ɽһٷ籾Դ
Ͼƿغʮ꣬çɽһЩġ
ãҴȥ𡣡
ɽյһٷ籾ԴҲ⣬漴çɽǰڱħĹħзǳۣһ۾ܿ
ںڱħУҲλȨأλ磬ɽҲֻһԱˡ
ɽƺܵΣͨܿ죬ټçɽ
漴ħ̾ͼ˸߸ϣ˾ͬһħһ㣬ڴϡ
Ǿڱ򣬺պ


1266 
ΰҪ
һԸ߸ϵʱҲҪ¸߰ͷ­ûгɾ͵ʱѾڱˣǺպĵ
οǧħǿʵͬһɽһ㣬ѹ޷ϢϢǿ󣬿ɲһʱܹԽġ
çɽҲ˸߰ͷ­˴çɽݼ𡣡
ţçɽ˵һҪҪ㱨£
ҲǿɽϣŴӦһçɽĻĵλʲô˶ܼģçɽҲһλҲ⣬ںڱ򣬵ɲȴǿĵ֮һ
ΰҵȷһҪ£ǹһ򣬺磡ԭں罨һħ硭
漴çɽһһʮ¶һ顣
ᵽַʱçɽһҧгݵģǺ޼ַ塣
çɽ𹧾˵çɽ֣ǲǿĵҶغ硣³֮Ըһ棬׸ΰĵ𡣡
˵꣬ȴþöûлػƺ˼
һСˣֵһᡣοɽʵҲȻҲˣ׼Ǹƿ߾ӵǧħǿʵһҪǲĵʵض̫̫ˡ
Щ̫Ըǲǿĵ𣬱ϾںڱûȫսҪǿɨڱƿߡ
ʱ֣޵Ĳǿɾ͵òʧˡ
Ը档
çɽһҧ棬ļˡֻҪغ磬ÿ궼ƽ޹ʵõ籾Դ
СҲ⣬οһ
˳ɣ
ãֱ˵˵
çɽɫһף˳氡Ҫ½ħ磬ȻչΣֻܵõһɵ档
⻹Ҫܴľʱ䣬ȴֻõһ棿ݣݣθڿɱɽˣɽҲûô֡
ģͲּۻۡ
˳ɣãԸϰ˳ֻҶغ磡
ûпǶ೤ʱ䣬ڵçɽַ֮ǣ޲ַܽʬΣйͷ֮ޡ
ȻҪ̫ݣһɹô磬ͼ˽ˣçɽҲֻǳΪ˹߰ˡçɽ类ַߵһ̣Ѿûʲôּۻ۵ʸˡ
һҲܲˣ٣Ҳȶ棬պп۳ǧǧħ
ңҪպ󱳿𣬼Ȼ类չθɾçɽպҲܽ뵽ڱ򣬻֮ͻΪĸɽһ޸Ƽˡ
ַͨߺºçɽѾĸܵûбɽжôļѡ
ڵȻܺãҲҪһЩۣ˱أҲ޷ռݣϾʵ̫С
ҲֻЩһħǣǿʵÿκˣӶռݽ򣬶Խ
ܺãçɽͭɽΪףɽƽɽһڵΪغ硣
˵꣬һ֣çɽɽͼæ뿪ԣֻһС°ˡ
뿪ħɽ¶һ˿ЦݵϲçɽˣԺҿɶˣͬš
çɽɫЩȴǿһЦѯʵɽͭɽλʵΣ
ٺ٣ͭɽɲѰµұۣ޳ǧħϡΪĵ֮һͭɽ֣Ǹַ壬һǶ֣ĺ磬ȵˣİɡ
Ŷá
çɽҲͭɽǧħϵǿߣɽҲͭɽĶ֡
οͭɽ𻹻ĵһǰ磬ʮþȡ֣ǵУ
çɽΪ䱦ĺ磬УͲֵһˡа˳棬Ϳϡ
ַ壬һҪغ磬ңһҪʬΣ֮أ
çɽַ֮ǣҲַ֪ûʲôɽһͭɽ֣ʮþȡ
նɱַ壬йͷ֮ޣ
ǣçɽͰĵȴֻ˼ʱ䣬ͭɽټλ𣬼ɽçɽһ𣬺ƺƵķ˺硣


1267 ط磡
ʱһζַԣûʱĸδʵȻôס
һħ磬ħ綼Ϊ˾籾ԴԴԴϵ籾ԴϵŻ֮ϡһǧ硣
ÿʱỵַ̈嶼ܸܵʵٶ֮죬йУš
ԭַǧٸսŻ֮ɶʯһǧ磬ַսѾﵽǧӽǧ
ַ忪ʼЩ磬ʱַսֱߵġ
ǧǧ١ǧǧ١ǧ
ַ籾Դʵ̫ۺˣۺĵزˣûʲôѣַսѾ׾ٵĴﵽǧ硣
Ǻεȿֲ׳٣
ַ֪ôɡ¶Σǳ롣ַȷôɡ;߱ǧս
ңĤǿһͿ
ԭַ֪㡣
һл֮Ҿˡ족Ļ֮ĳЩ仯ַ嶼֮ɶʯӶ硣ֱǲ˼飬ַҲû˵ƿߣܹɶʯӶ磬ַһơ
ڶַǿԼ棬ûʹöʯˣûκΡޡƿһ£ûκƿԣֻҪ㹻ɣ㹻籾Դ磬ܿٵǿʵַûƿƿߣҲָǸƷʶʯٵ磬ƿҲǺϡ١󲿷ƿߣԵƷʶʯٵ磬ȻŻѰҸƷʵĶʯںϡ
ַռһ򣬲һݻһħ硣Ҳ൱ѵõ£ֻܺһƫƧҺСĽ򣬵Ҳһ򡣶һħ磬ħԼ
ֵۺϣַܹô죬Ѿﵽǧսں嫵Сǧ磬УʵҲǳǿ
Ӧýһ绹Ǳڣô磬㲻ɣҲҪѰҶʯҵƷʶʯǾٺòˡ
ַ֪Ҫ˳ġͳΡ磬ͱӵһ
ֻǣ⿿һˣܳɾ
Ȼַף뿪磬ʵʹۿۣáַҪ齨ƿغ磬Ҫƿߡ
Ŀǰַʶƿߣֻȼ
ַ嵹ǵһʱ뵽ܽ𣬲ܽ򣬿Ҳ޷㹻ƿߡ
ܽʵǲһЩ
ţҵĻʵԼټһЩƿߣӦò⡣
ַԺӰ󶨸ϡ𣬶ַҲš֪֮
ַ뿪˺磬ǰԭַҲ֪ԭô磬Ҳֻƫһˡ
ֻҪҵɲôסַ緽ʽ緽ʽҲ𲻵ãͬһС
𡢶Ӧǰԭԭˣȥһ硣
ַһѾ˾ĿǰƽһʱҲʲôʣ뿪Ҳ¡
齨ٵȥˣ뾡齨ЧʵġǱ
Ͼۿ򣬻ƿмҡ
ǣַ岻ԥֱʩչΪһ⣬ɳ˺硣
總Զ硣ڣȴһκܳĽȡ
磬ַ˽ⲻ࣬ʱҲֻ֪࣬ԭˣΪԼһλһնɱԭʧء
Ҳˡ
ַֻ֪ŵǺ֣֮ǴħͳΣƿߣַ岢
Ѿǧս缴ٹҲĴΡֻҪһ𲻳ǰȫǡ򲻹סӵȫ⡣
οʱӡǣһεǿߣҲԼʱӡߣһ㣬еΣգַ岻̫⡣
ַʵʩչҲˮǴߡ֪˶ٱٶ֮죬ֱ˼
Ľȣַ弸Щ򣬺ܿ⡣
޴ĽַҲޱȵĸпڶ磬ȴѾ˷ǡһΣǱ磬һΣҪ
ϣɡ
ַ˿һ硣


1268 Ӳдƿ
ಣ
ַһ磬ǺǰһȻͬĹ򣬲ֹ򣬶ַԣûκε
ħ
ַһͷֲԾˣħħַǰħȻħһħûС
أ
ַ֣֮һħ뵽浱У˲촷ۡħַûзУһħû۵ħ͸ö֮ĳ磬һһ൱˵ˡ
ַһֻ磬Ѿƿߵˡ
ַ峢ϵ𣬵ѶȴѶһֱûлӦ
Ҹʡ
ղһٽħնɱˣҪʻСⲢʲô£ħܶ࣬ûöãַͷһħҿӻǸСͷ죬ħ
ֻǣҪЩħ˵ʵЩѣֱַѹס˵ô£ңҿԷ뿪ӦҲħ٣ͷɣ
ַĻһá
ǣħһһʮϢ߸ַ塣
ַ΢һץסһħͬѯʣҲһĴ𰸡ħַ嵱Ȼħʲôţֱնħ
ַѾ֪ԭȷħռˣħ硣˵Ȼûһħ򣬵ȴλǧħϵħ򡣶ңħıһλħ
ЩħѾ޼ɵͽ統ԼҵĻ԰ˣˣû۳ħ洦
֪ЩϢټһֱûлӦַĵԽԽ³Σ˵磬ֻ׶༪ˡ
ˣ
ʱַղŷ͵ѶϢȻ˻Ӧ
ַ壿
ԣ
ַ壬磿ţϽ뿪ĿǰĵطѾħռˡ
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Ĭһ˵磬һ硣
ַû˵ֱһЩħҵ˻ľλãŻȥõϢһ磬總ƿߡһЩ
ħѾʼǲǰȥ׽ˣĴЩˣַʩչȫ˻硣

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𡢶𣬻λƿߣڻ硣󲿷ƿ߶һľģʮֵƣ
Ѿʮƣˣ綫ʱ䣬ÿһʱ䣬ͻħΧˣƿ߶׷׵䡣
УԼսݣݻ١ĻҲ䵽ء
𣬸ղ˭
𿴵ɫ죬ǳѯʡڿǷǳʱڣһϢ©ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ع˵Ҿȹһƿߣַ塣
ַ壿һЩӡǲǸַ壿
ԣ
Щʵôᵽ磬ϵ㣿ղŸ˵˻磬᲻ǣ
ǣЦҡҡͷָǰŽֻʮսСһǣûõģ磬ôգοˣʲôãսݣݻˡ
ĻöҲĬ
ոϣϨˡ
ǰǰֻʮսСһܳɳʲô̶ȣϰٸսħ
ħĻ£ʲôãǰˡ
𣬲սݣЩħΧ֮ˣսݶݻ١Ҳƴ֮£ӳ졣
ˣƿߣҲˡ
ڵǣֻǹӲд붬𶼲֪ǵڼʲôѵ漣
ԭ󶼷ǣ˭ܻǣ
ԭɢƿߣ㱻ħռ磬ƿҲûǰ붬ǧƿߣڣֻλƿˡЩƿߣǹӲдﻹе緢
ħһһεΧ֮£ʧء
һΧˣƿȫûʱ
𡢶ԭǶ
Ȼ綼Уֳһž޴ףһħĿֲħŻеƿߡ
𡢶ɫ͵һ䣬̧ͷֲħʱ¸͵һ


1269 Һãû٣
ˣħˣ
ʵ֪ͨʣµƿߣҲһľе޴Ӱ
ħһһħ
⿴ħħİϣ⻹ħһҲĶеƿߡ
Ŀǰ綼ħռˣ磬ѾʣࡣЩպγɵ磬ҪЩħͨħûзݡ
ǰԸ˲ͬսһսãǶԼġˣЩħޱȿƿսÿһλƿߣ綼ֹһԻô籾Դħ˵ǿѵõĺö
Ҳֻƿˣڲץסᣬһ֪ʲôʱȥˡ
ˣħĻˡ
ȥɣ̹Щƿߣ
İħħЦһ͵һ֣飬ħͬˮӿ롣
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붬ɫǵͨ죬۾·𶼿γѪˣѾǵһ£ÿ£ƿǶʧء߶ͬ鵹¡ʧЩħ˺Ƭ

ͷųȫ֮ͷӰӰͷɢſµϢ
һ֣֮ɨһƬħ˲ͱѹ촷ۡħʵ̫ˣҲϾ˼ֻĿһյͬ飬ħΧס磬˲䱻ħһա
Ҳڷ¾ΪƿɱһѪ·
أ
ոճΧҪ뿪һЩƿߣ綼ûпѾһǿħĵķ顣
̧ͷȥ֪ʲôʱ򣬻ܣֱħÿһİħϣ綼Χס
һֻӬӳ硣
ԭжǿ׼˺ܳʱ䣬Ѿ֮ӣ
ħ񣬽Χס붬ûаӳȥοƿߡ
ˣһƿߣֻܷħɱħʵ̫࣬ħͬھûκôЩħ㱻նħҲܹģƿһˣǾˣûиĿܡ
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Ȼͣһ̣֪ѾûκϣˣƿߣһӲڵԭԱһҪȫûˡ
ҲЦһǺǣ磬ǾѾԺˡӲд꣬ҲҪ׷ȥˣֻǿɺޣûնɱħ
˽Ŀеħһħһֱ׷ɱǣƣڱ
һ̣Ǿսɣ۳벻ɡ
һսһˡҲЩħùɱ
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۳벻ɣǶҪһԡҲöԷù
һѾ˱ˣһûκαֱӾͬھҪȼվе磬ǿһ
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ȻҲٸ磬İٶħħȴ̫Զ̫Զˣƴһȴ˵ħĿܶûС
һ𵴣ʮ綼˲ңһ˲ս
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λ𣬾ô׾٣ħͬĲӬһĻ˷磬صˤ˵ϣҶɽ
ȿȡ
λشеħ϶¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҳգչһ졣
ԺУôһ졣Ӳд꣬ȴɻ˽졣ֻǣǹӲдҲˡ
Ĳ֣ЩħҪЩԭġһ򾡡
𡢴ˣ
붬𶼱۾УħһָǸָͷԽԽЯŻذĿֲƣλ¡
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𡭡Һãû٣
ԼУ·һϤ۾ǰ֪ʲôʱһİϤӰ
㡭ַ壿
۾ƺ뵽ʲôԺһģӰǰӰ˲غϡ


1270 ħϰˣ
ҵˡ
ַǼ¶һ˿΢Ц˫֣վյУһƽǸпǾϲ
ˣԴԭɢ뿪˺磬Ҳûм𣬵ʵһֱϡ
ڣڼˣֻǣȴ֮£ͺ񵱳ַһμ𣬱ħ׷ɱһ
ֻתˣα׷ɱ
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΢΢һ㶣û뵽ַȻĵˣܹͻĴħķʵӦǴг
гΣյľƣΣĴħһ֣ƿ߶Ҫնɱʱַ磬Ǽֱ
ӣѾˡû뵽ԭȻûбסҲգȻǾͳȫ㡣
Ĵħַ壬ͻأĳǰȻҲЩ⣬Ҳûлɡԭ󵱳Ͼռ磬һЩ©֮Ҳ
ֻǧ򲻸ãȻˣǼֱ
һħЦһİٶħ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬ݺݵѹ£ֲƣ𡢶޷Ϣĸо
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¶һ˿ʹı飬ΪַϵжΪַ岻ֵûںޡַΪ˾ȴַʮּ尾
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𣡡
ַſƣ漴ݺһա
أ
ħףӴħһ˿ֵ֮ûУ˲ͱ󱬣Ϊ촷ۡε֮һħѪ⣬˲浱СЩɶΪ籾ԴַҲװ˷ѡ
ͬʱַ΢΢һ磬ԼΧЩħȫƵķҪߣһ˲䣬ǵκ񱻶סһ㣬漴͵ıըΪ籾Դ
ûκһħѣȫΪ촷ַۣ֮һȫ뵽浱УΧΪ֮һգٲκһħƬ綼
ַתЦŶĿɿڴ˵ڰˣǿ뿪ˡ
ַ壬㡭
ãַָ壬ȴֹ
мΪ𾪣š·ŵħԼħôױַȫɱ
ַ嶼ûбȫֱ֮ͬвһ㣬ħɱ
ֶΣѾȫȫħ֮ϡ
ѵЩħǰһַ壬Ѿħ
ôܣ
ħ𰡣ǿҪһǧħƿߣǾٵһǧϡ
̶ַ̼꣬ӵǧ
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ʱڷӦ˹֪Ҳٸ׵ʱڿ磬ַжǿ綼Щƿܵ߸ġ
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λַ뿪磡
붬ĵ棬漴һ£ʱʣƿǣҲ׷˹ַѸٵ뿪˻硣
Ҫ볹뿪磬Ҳûôף磬ɶħǵˣ


1271 ׷ȥ
磬ħ硣
ΰĵ𣬸ո̰ħĴħȥΧԭĴħԼħȫնħǸ˵ǣһλԭħ𣬽Щԭˡ
̻Ի͵ħڴϵħħɫ
Ŀǰ籾ħռݾԵơʲôʱΧԭҲʧôأ
׺𡢽𻷵λԳˣȥЩԭնɱƵƿߣնɱ
ǣ𣡡
ħ𣬶ħкպĵÿǧħϣλڶħԸκԭˡ
Ҳĵŭ֮£Ҫԭնɱ
ǣ̴ڶħԭķ׷ȥ

ڳˣ
뿪ˣû뵽гһգܻ뿪硣
ⶼøлַַһ·նɱħûκͣǲô뿪硣Ļ׷ɱħ͸ϵˡ
뿪磬ȥ
ַڶԭƿߣ뿪磬˽ȡƿ߶п֣һ·ϣַչֳ˾Եʵ·ǿħûκһħ˵ٶȼħַͳͳնɱ
ˣЩƿ߲Żô˳
𡣡
ַٴμ𣬾ַʽҲп֡
ַû뵽겻ȴѾ̶ֳȣǲ˼顣
ȷܸпļʶҲַ֪徿ﵽʲôΣ磬֮һ㡣
ʵֲ̫ˣ𶼲ȥ롣
кδ㣿
ַʵ
㣿
Ц˵ˣսҲˣԭҲ޷ϵһʲô㣿ڸ˰ˡ
ˣʵҲǶߣ߿ʵȴûôùʱΣաѡҲѡȥˡ
ַһ漴˵Ҿרǰ㡣֪ɷԸȥ磬ҹ磿
ţ
΢΢һ㶣͵̧ͷַ磬ʲô˼ĺ磿
Ѿ˺ħ𣬶һݻħ硣磬Ӧöûгħˣֻһˣʱ޷磬ˣǰѰȤٴһЩƿߣԽԽã˲ܸõĹ硣
ַĻ붬ǰһ
ޱȵļ磬ǰ£Ƕûܳɹħ
ڣַȻ˺ħܲ
Ը⣿
Ը⣬ȻԸ⡣ˣҹټһ᲻Ը⣿
ЦǷĵĸˡ
ַ֮ĶԻƿҲ֪ˣһĶ쳤˲ӣڴĿַ塣
ַ嵱Ȼ֪ڴʲôЦ˵λԸȥģҲǰ磬ĳУͬ硣
ڶƿҲޱϲһȻͷͬ⣬ܹȥ磬õĽˣʵǿȴˣһ޳ɣΣա
ͬ⣬ַҲ⣬˲ܹغٶƿߣʱ㹻ˡ
Ժ䣬Ǿ͵Ժ취
ãǾ̷غ磡
ַ嵱ϣûֱͣӴڶƿߣƺƵĳźȥ

ಣ
ַڶƿ뿪粻ã⣬ͳһЩħӰΪ׵ħȻպİ׺𻷵𣬶ǧħϵħ𣬷ַԭ
ֻϧַ뿪硣
ƺһвϢЩԭѾӳ硣
𻷵üͷûܽɱЩԭǵһܴĴЩԭպ᲻ᵷң˵
׺ЦһǵϢȻ߲ã׷ȥˡӵǵǽɱǣһܷŹ
׺նɱħﻹηЩԭ
𻷵һ뵽λĲпֶΣо΢΢һݡһҪأһҪƯ
Ǿ׷ȥ
λһ£ǱѭԭǲϢѸٵ׷ȥ


1272 ߴ
磬ַڶƿߣص˺硣
ַҪƿʵʩԺĿƣ˵ڶƿ߶޳ɡǣ£ܿ˳ĳˣַΪˡ
ַûΪˣǽˣΪУҲҰĵģԺչں硣
ַ彨ˣԼΪֱ붬Ϊƶ˺һϵ򣬱磬磬Ŀǰ磬Ȼڶ࣬Ѿʺˡ
ַҪһٵĽ򣬶Ǳƿɵøɸɾͷˣ磬ΪҪһ
ȻƿʵҪôȥնɱħħֱȱȽǡҪô͵ȴһЩףԸһЩƿߵ硣
ֻǣĸʺٺ٣ƿںܰȫϣܲģĺô
˵Ľַ´ĵһ磬ȫѰʯǸƷʶʯǵƷʶʯͳͳҪѰϽɣ˻ݶʯƷʣһĽ
һЩ籾ԴնɱħǿԻô籾Դģַ弴ֻóһΪƿ档
ˣҲԷչڶƿߵѰַҲԴԴϵĿʼõ˶ʯȻǵƷʵĶʯַ˵Ѿ൱ˡ
ջ£Ҳһɹ۵֡

磬ֻˣ
ããУһϤӰ˺档ţмӰ֣Ϊ׵ĺȻһħ
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ͭɽ𵭵˵
çɽæ̬ǫĻشͭɽȷǺ磬ĿǰѾһƿռݡ
ԭ˾ͭɽͭɽ࣬çɽɽƽɽλ
λһλǧħϵͭɽçɽһġԮݲνǿǿ˼㡣
ǵı󣬻һλǲĴУ
ôƫƧһҲֵ㸶ôѪ
ͭɽ΢΢ҡҡͷçɽΪͭɽںڱ򣬼Ҫʲôʲôʵ졣
ԶçɽҪ죬çɽ𸶳ܴۣһҪغ磬ͭɽǲôġ
ٲ⣬çɽغ磬ͭɽȻΥ
ţ
ͭɽҪ뿪ʱȻԶһ򣬾ȻַһӰȻҲħϢΪ׵ļˣͬħ
ʲôˣ
׺𡢽𻷵ܲ죬һֱ׷˵Ϣ⴦֮⡣ԭûз֣ħ
ֻһħҲˣͬħ׺𻷵𣬷ܸܵħӵƵϢ
֤Էħǵ
ħƬССĽ⣬
Ǻˣ
ͭɽʵȻͬħһɲʲôƢħ֮ս¶ټ
ˣ˫֮ûʲô׽ĸоһ˿衣
ڤ£ǰ׺λǽ𻷵𣬷ǰ׽һЩԭǺˣ
׺ȿڽܣҵڤ
Ĺߣڤӵаǧħν۷ĵ֮һħ磬Ҳպա
ԭħǺڱ£ͭɽҵȷ֮çɽغ磬еƿߡ
׺üͷ΢΢һ壬֪ڱҲ˵šһǧħϵǿ
ȻڤҪһЩ޵ĸͲСˡ޵ڤԶԶĶ֮һһܳΪһǵ𣬿νպա
ֻǣ˫棬ֻмɵһʱ䣬˭ûпУǻΪš
ʱçɽһʵ׺׷ɱԭУļ𣿻һַƿߣ
ļ𣿵Щ죬ˣԭУȷƿߣ붬𣬺ųļǵȷ׷Ƕַû´Ӧþǰԭߵƿߡ
׺Ҳһһʮ˵
ǿ̫ˣʵǵĿһġǸַƿߣǰԭһԱڸǰռ˺磬û´˫Ŀģͬһˣ
çɽæ˵
˫Ҳú˼
һƿߣȻͬʱڤ𣬶һǵӴĽ
ȻǵĿһ£ǾͺðˡҵͨҪնɱЩԭ⴦ССȻǵġ
ҲͭɽҲ˵ͷȷ˫Ӯһߴħַ֣ǿΣ
ߴ֮Ժˡ
ã֮ã
ǣ˫ã漴һ뵽˺С


1273 λ˭ȳ֣
ţ籾Դˡ
ַҵУˣʵΪܹԼõġѹΡʯҲַѹ˴Ķʯ
һĽƫƧҺСĽĶʯҲ١ֻϧǵƷʵĶʯûиƷʵĶʯ
ˣҲַṩһǧʯַҲ˳ġǧ磬սﵽǧҡ
ַţܷһԽǵΪһʱ籾Դˣ޷
֮ǰħ籾ԴȻûȫһգҲʣ࣬϶ǧ˵ַ磬һ
ַţʲôʱȥһ磬ħɹ࣬ѯִַͷ
ᵽģġˮ
磬ǱϵʵҲǿޱȣڤǿǰǧħϵǿ𣬵Ȼڤ𲻻׳µǧϵҲмλĵħȵȡ
ֻЩϵʵַ嵹η塣ڤ𣬿϶׳֣ôڤ£ǲٶħҲֻǸַͲ˰ˡ
ᵽڤֻǱϵƿߣڤ֮ħһǿ
УһħǿǶħ
ĴԼһԭһ𣬾ǱħĶħɱһ·ռ硣
ַ嶯磬һڤöԸڤ𱳺󣬿ɾͲô׶Ըˡ
ңᵽһƺô򵥡磬ֻһǵ
һλһڵ磬ͷ·һһ߱ĳĹ򣬾涽е½򣬾ӵ
һҲǿ֣֮Ѷ⣬ƴľγɵ򣬹ԽǿǾԽǿơ
ȻҲֻһᣬ˵ĺģʵϣҲ̫
һ𣬷·һֱء֪֮ЩҲǵԼᵽģ𣬿ճΪһ
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ߵкܶ࣬һһǵͼ٣һһ۷𣬶ѵһλһ
һΪһ𣬾һ򣬿ġλߡ
Ѿǧսˣʱ䣬ĵȴܻеġ
ַţĵǺƽһѡ񣬾ǻص涽ȥһµĽ
½ַܹɾһ
ַãڵʵǬʲôһ½ҪȫռʵԶԶ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪½Ϣûдȥ
ַٴα۾ʼڵڶ磬ҳЩһ𣬻᲻ᵮĳ֡⡱Ĺ

ħɶħ˲Źǣ˵Ľ򡭡
أ
Ű׺һһƿߵ磬˲Ϊ촷ۣһƿߣôˡ
٣ˣû뵽Щԭǣǽһɫ
׺ԽԽˣѾ೤ʱˣûڤ𽻴񣬰׺ͽ𻷵Ҳ޹⡣
֪˵ϳ
çɽȻ˵
˵Ŀçɽֻçɽҧгݵ˵û´˵ϳһںġҽħ˵ġ
ᵽħ硱çɽͺ޵ʮѪһ٣ȫǰַ͡
ҵȺԭɲһһ׷ɱЩֱ˷ʱ䡣
׺ѾЩżˣԭΪܼ򵥣ֻǽɱһЩԭˣ˭뵽ȴ׷ɱһİĽ
ɲ˷ʱ⴦İĽõ𣬸ͿϺ硣
·
ͭɽ˵ͷçɽ˵
ܿ죬çɽᳵ·е˺ģȻﴣһ硣
ţ磬ƺһƿڵ硣
еʶŵ˽УȻռӴˣڵκη紵ݶܱ֪һ
ַȨ֮ƣ˽ʱպ̣ܶǳҲûսݣĿǰҲְֻ취
Ưںеġ硱ߴ϶¶һ˿Цݡ
簡ַ磬ħ˵óĲǹộַ籩¶ߴǰǼֱȡ֮
λ˭ȳ֣
Ŀ΢΢һת
ħսթۺʱεأˡοħںܡǢʵأʵ˭Ҳ˭
ץס˻ᣬħҲԻ֡ɱħ˵ͲʲôֻΪйͬĵˣ˫ıɽӲûжְˡ
ҲգԸһƿߣɡ
˭Ҳû뵽ͭɽȳ֡
ϸһ룬ͭɽȳʵģһ»ַ磬޶ȵĴַ壬ɲҪʧ
ȻϿַ壬ʵϣһλĿֲڣ˭ӣ
ͭɽûе˻Ӧһ˹ȥͬʱǧħҲ͵ʩչΪһ޴ħ񣬶أ˻Ϣ
ͭɽ˫ֺϱһױȵӴɽ壬ݺַȥ
ƣ
ͭɽص統СգһӺƿ߶ֵϵ޴ħ
ৣ
еַ壬У͵۾


1274 ǧս
䣡
ͭɽ̩ɽѹĿֲһȭݺݵ¡ֻǣַ磬ȴͻȻһ˿˿ЩͭɽĹһӾͱ˼£Ρ
һ£ͭɽ𶼾ˡ
ৣ
һӰ˺֮УߴңңţȻַ塣
һͭɽûκα仯˫֣˵Ǻˣĳûмǡ
ַ壬վĩգ
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ʵߴж΢΢һݣɾʲôС£ͭɽ޳ǧħϵǿħȴַĤ޷˺ѡ
̺ζħǺˣߴûκԥ˲еĲͣ֡
çɽ𣬻ɽ𡣡
ַ忴һçɽɽϴΣçɽɽˡһΣӿɾûôˡ
˺ڱͭɽȡçɽĺ磬çɽǰçɽغ硣
ͭɽȻЩ𺳣ȴû̫壬ղһ£ʵҲûоȫѣֻһ̽
οһοɲֻһˡ
ڱ𣿡
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漴ĿħĲƺͭɽ𲢲һ
Ҳ£
׺һ£ַƺвһȻѾ׷ﻹкڱħȻʾ
ǣ׺Цһַ壿ߣԭߵİɣҵһҡҲ޷Ҳףڤ£׺طڤ֮ԭ
ڤ𣿡
ַ΢΢һ㶣ڤ֪ģִߣаǧħû뵽ħȻ׷ڤǰַ嵹ؼɵһֻڤ£ַҡҡͷûзϡ
ڱ磬ȻյһˡҲգҲһ˰ɣһϻһ
ַƺ벻⣬ֶĿߴߴЩڶħַûпһۡ
̬Ȼǵߴŭ
һƿߡ
ƿߣҲôߣվʹ磬ԭ
ͭɽҵһΣƿСˡ
ͭɽ𡢰׺ߴ𣬾ܿͷϡӡַ壬ʵϣ˫ȴղһʱ֣ߴͬ֡
¡¡
һʱ䣬嫵ĺյУһޱӴħبں֮СأɢſֲĻϢ
ħ𣬶һħ𣬸ǧħǿߣӽǧء
һݣԺˣֻҪûЩ۷ƿ𣬻϶ܺһУһС
ħթֽܿͷ϶ôӡַ壬ʵ϶֣ȴһ㶼ûӵ˼ߴ֣硣
ַ嶼еصѹߴ֣ǵУ
ɫȴûκα仯Ǽ¶һ˿Цݡ
û籾Դ޷磬ȻˣǾͳͳɡ
䣡
û˿ףַͷֳһӰͬʱ˲ţȻûκεֿ㽫ߴԼһħ롱浱С
൱ΣգҲ൱ðյģһУôߴͺпܳ˺ַ档
ôҲԶ׼ǾЩħ˺ַ֮ǰ˭ҲӲַȻѾߴ𵱳֮κħѡ
ûᣬƣ
ߴһݣַȻҽߴͬʱ統Уһĸޱȵܡ
ǿַʵԶԶǿǵƿߣҲд󣬽Լվ
ǣߴħ𣬸Իǿħ˻Ϣַ浱Ű
ÿһħ𣬶籩һͿĤҪ˺ѡ
ַȴɫƻ
ȵ泹׽٣ߴ浱УַǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
֮ѹգ
ַһʱ޴Ļ֣֮ͬһþһ㣬أبǿյС
Ż֮ĳ֣ռһӱȹ֮ǰǿʮٱһʱ䣬ߴҲܵǿѹ
ͬʱַһӣ縡֡
ΪӴһ磬ǧľްһ֣ߴͬһļһ㣬ɫ䡣
䣡
ֲ٣绷ơ
ʱħ𶼸ַܵ
ߡǧ磡ǧôܣ
ħΪǿͭɽ𣬸ܵϼ̺Ŀֲ̲ס


1275 նߴ
ǧ磡
һʱ䣬ħ˻ҵУԺһƬհסçɽɽ𣬸Ǵ·𲻸Ƶġ
ܣ㵱ǣҲǧսˣôһԾΪӵǧսǿƿߣ
çɽһš
ɽ𣬿ַսǧսˡǻҪǿĶ࣬ͭɽӦҪһ
أ
磬ѹǣǧӴħ֮ϣǹɿֲɲм١
ѵַǹѹʵ
ô룬޷˻ô̵ʱڣʵô죬ЩһǵҲʵô졣
οַ廹ƿߣôô죿磬ô类ַ
ַ忴Ųߴҡҡͷȴûн͡ܣκ˽ͺ͸¶
οЩħˣҲֻǱնħǻڸԵħ統и
ˣַҲԥ
λǵħԶɣ𣡡
ַ廰£ļѹЩħ֧Ųסһһߵħ˲ѹ촷ۡ
çɽɽƽɽЩʵħ𣬾ֲģȴҲֵַѹ£˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ͭɽ𡢰׺𡢽𻷵ΪǿĵڸԵĽУһ
ֻǣĿޣȴҪһˡ
ַ壬𲻻Ź㣬Űɣһ̤ƽ硭
أ
ͭɽħ˲ΪŨ籾Դ
а׺𡢽𻷵˵û˵ʲôݻֻĿݺݵַ壬˼ײˡ
ڤһôưոݡ
ء
ħҲնһʱ䣬ַУͬһ籾Դ
籾ԴѾŨͬˣбš֮ǡϲķЩתΪӴ籾Դ
ֻһսЩħַնħһϣ
ȻһħתΪ籾Դࡣ磬ֻ࣬ˣַҲˡ
ôӴ籾Դǵħ磬ҲԶԶȲϡ
䣡
ַ棬翪ʼϵķһ磬׷ױøǿ󣬶ַսǷ
ңֻһĿ꣬ǾǡһսΪһ
ַ弸ûκԥѾڿʼ磬ܺķѶ籾Դϧ
ǧ硢ǧٸ硢ǧ硢ǧٸ硢ǧ硭
ַսţҲԽԽǿֻǣڼ䡰˷ѡ籾Դַȴûһۡ
ܸо粻ϵǿսԽԽǿԽԽӽһԼ䣬ƺѾеһصĹš
ңƺ󣬻һɱĸоԽԽٽˡ
ֻǣƺҲҪʱ


ħ磬ħУ춯һһħħи
ħȥһĿɿڴ
ħöħ⻹ʲôΪ׵λǺպ߸ϵħ
׺𣬻н𻷵𣬾ȻҲħиţǵʲô
ħиģȻǰ׺𻷵λڤµõ绽꣬߸ϣһ٣Ȼħи
¾ڤҲǣӴˣǾǿֱ΢ħˣͨħȲϡ
ħֱԴᱻ¸ϷˣѾһС

ַ壬һҪʬΣ
ħ𣬷ţЩħҲǵѪùλħԭΪȵһͣ˭뵽ôһ
ǻڤ
ǣǽϢ㱨ڤʱڤĬãȴ޶ԡ
׺𻷵֪ˣˡڤ𲻻ȥôǿ󡱵һλƿߡ
Ͼֻƹ磬ĿǰĶǵҲûŵ˼Ը߸ϵڤԣλҲֻǾÿϧˣͲֵһᡣ
ħ˽ֻҪԼûٶħҲʲô

ڱħ
ͭɽƽɽçɽԼɽȵ𣬱ħǰʱֱţµĵ
˵˵ɣǶʲô
ɫޱȵͭɽұۣʧͭɽܷŭҪ֪һλ𣬿ɲôס
ǸַͬѰȻǧսô̵ʱڣʵô࣬»ɣǸַܣ
ͭɽָֻ飬˵㱨Щ鱨мֵȤˡ
ĻԻᱻһ߿Ϊҵħ
ǧսܣ
һݣȷܸȤοôʱڣΪǧսƿߣûܣ
˭ܸȤ
ҲɵǧսǿˣΣ
ڻ㱨޵ǸûбҪ֪޵һĶΪһħֻ벽֦
ôŹַ壬ɲġ
Űɣȵ޵Ϊһħ󣬾ڳˣʱ򣬽鱨㱨޵𣬺ٺ٣ǿһǵǰҲ޼£еܣ³
ϵı鶼Ť漴һ֣ͭɽֱӸ˳ȥ
ʧȥǧħͭɽˣҲֻһħᱻϣ
ħ磬ôпᣡ


1276 
ʱһζƽ
ʵַһֱڷħǵٴֻ֣ϧһֱûκζֻ籾ԴˣҪʱ䡣
Ѿʮʱȥˣħȴûκζ
ûж
ַЩ죬صشһڱԼֻǣڿЩԷƱˡ
ǧսѾǰèѹģҲõϾҲûдﵽǧսθ
ںڱİ޵¶ԷǾǧħĿǰĶ˳Ϊһǵϣ֦
ˣڱעʲô
磬ڤһˣҲҽ磬Ͼ绹Ҫڤ뿪磬Ӷʲô⣬ڤɲ򱳺һǵ𽻴
ԣҲʲôǲûдﵽǧϣûоԵƣǸַͲˣ
ַ廹Щ㱣֪ʵѾɳһİɵǿڡһһӰ쵽һƵȶˡ
ַȻѾһУûЩħˣʮʱ䣬ɲֻڡЩħҪǣС
ǣַ彫ʶ浱С
ʮʱ䣬ַе磬Ѿ˼ΪǿĵزսȾǧ磡˿µսЩ۷ˡ
ֻǣսﵽ˾ǧԺַȴоԽԽˣÿÿһ磬ĵ籾Դʮٱӡ
ܸоﲻԾƺȱһʲô
ȥٶ籾Դûˣһһ˾Ե⣬ҪһЩ
ַãʲô
򣬽򣡡
ַԺ˵˵ĻǾһЩЩһÿλһ磬ᵮһЩ
ͺһʵϣһ磬һСĽ򣬼ȻǽǾҪ
ûǾ޷γɽ򣬻˵Ͳǽǽꡢؼ
ԴַսﵽǧԺо;ٲά衣ԭΪ籾Դ㣬ڿ籾Դô򵥡

ô
ַ΢΢۾ڸź򣬺ûʱ䣬ûпռ䣬һƬޡ
ʲôûУ޷ռ䴩·ֻܿŷС
ôγɵģ
ַϸĸӦţҪȫ͸һʵҲѣȴҪʱ䡣
ַҲżˣ֪Ҳ̾ͳΪһ𡣳Ҫ򣬷һҲͲôˡ
ǣһꡢꡢꡢꡢʮꡭ
£Уʱû˿ףʱƣҲɹˣ֮ˣҲַ統С
ҲġͳΡźˣ綼֪ˡˡĴڣһްԵͬʱҲԵԸ⴫ڳ֮
˰ַĹ滮һֱΪģ壬˳ƿߵΧ֮Уջۣһܹڶλƿߡ
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡢһꡭ
תۼ䣬ʱȥˡ
ৣ
ַһֱں֮Уĸź
ԭˡ
ַ۾ʱľһ˿СȻڵʵ򲻸ĹʵҲûʲô
˿Уȴַָһ·һͨһĹ
ԭĹ򣬸ͲģǣȻȻġҵ磬ǷȱһЩ̣ôʱˡ
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣȻʣƺѾԼһǵˣֻҪһƣܳƿ
ʱ٣
ַ̽ʱټ٣Ҽٵʮ򱶣
ǰַֻܼٵһ򱶣ڣѾȣԼʮ򱶡
ʮ򱶵ʱ٣ַ漸죬׺ɣ仯ʵ̫ˣһ磬ʱţȻȻġɳ
ַ廹ſ˶нûκһ硣
ǣе飬硣
Ҳ໥ײ
ֱ仯Լ䣬һı仯ֱ仯ƺһɹַ棬ضз츲صı仯


1277 ַľ
ַУһ޾ǿգһӴ󵽼磬ģΧΧת
ϸͻ֣ᷢЩС磬٣һЩϵЩϵʱƣԽԽܡ
һص·Уһ涼ɾҵı䶯ַ֪Ǿǹ
ͬǰ淨򣬶ǽ
棬ʵĳš򡱶ת䡣
ֻǣҪ򣬶ĿһҲ٣ܶࡣԭַնߴħ˴籾Դ˵һˣһǧ磬ƶ
罥򣬾ȻҲ籾Դһ籾ԴҲһգһкܴȱڡ
ַܸоͿҪˣϵڷţʱпܱҪʱ䣬Ļۣ
ַȴʱ٣ʱٴﵽʮ򱶣ȻҪ籾Դˣַ۵Ĵ籾ԴЩӦ
ʵַ峷ʱ٣ۣôȻҲû⣬ַɲ뵢ʱ䣬
籾ԴôַȻа취磬粻࣬ħȴǱȱȽǡûħѵûħ
ַҲһֱں硣
٣ַ֪ħкܶ࣬磬ڱҲں׼һΡݡġ
ҪһɹҪ籾ԴϴնߴҪ籾ԴҪӴ
ַġݾ
⡰ݾһҲôǺڱ磬ô׶Ը
ַãջ˾Ŀ˺ڱ򡣱ϾڱǿߣǾǧħѾǰ벽һħ
ַǿӦοһһʼͻ޵ϡֻҪлʱ䣬˵Ѿˡ
ο޵ϣַҲ壬ڵĤǿȣһǵһη塣
磬ڱϣʵڱĺԶڤҲŰǧħպ޵һĲࡣ
ַ簵صʵʵֲ̫ˡˮ̫䱳һǵǶǵ
ַ硰Ұ˵þͻһħ֣ǲ鷳ˣΪַ廹ǽĿ˺ڱ
Զԣڱһӡ
޵ַ֪еġӡ֪жôķŭַ໥ȷúڱǡӡ
ͺڱˣһΣһҪɱΪһ𣡡
ַ˸һ˿âĿ֮ɫһڴ˺ܳʱˣ󲿷ƿߣһĿ꣬ǳΪһô
ڣַѾǰ벽һֻһˡ
ַѾ˾Ǳ㿪ʼռڱϣȷһռϵ£ַֻҪ´Ȼ󾲾ĵȴˡ
ûַΪǾ̫ˡ
ں̵ܶʱڣ˾ռ˴ںڱ鱨ҲӰһַ֡һնߴħ£βúһ
οҲº类ħˣˣԽߵԽá
֮£ԼˣҲͲĬĬţܱߵһЩѾһ
˶һЩƿߣˣһ
ţ鱨ҲѼĲˡڱ򣬳޵⣬Ҫעľ޵µľŴо𡣵ʵЩ𶼲ֵһᣬҪһ㣬ţ˵ݣֱӽˡ
ַã¶˾ġ
ڱȻձΪ޵Ľ򣬵޵𻹲һ֮ħںڱйȻǿ󣬵ڱɴƿ
ֻЩƿûͳһԸԵķʽڵֿЩħַ˵һϢ
˵ݣֱӽڱ򣬿Ҳʲô̫ķӦϾһ˲࣬һҲ٣ûбҪ⡣
Ȼе㡰޵𻹲ĺԶ
ַȴž޴ġҰġĿģɲֻǽڱô򵥣ҲֻΪոһħ
Ŀģںڱ򣬽ħɾһ֮ٳɨڱ򣬺һУӶΪһ֮
ˣΪܱУһص
ַĿģ
ǣַټ˵ĹǸɣҪڱ뷨һʱ䣬˴𡣲ַƿ˵һУ͸¶һʵ
˸߲㣬޲Ϊ֮𶯣Ըȫϣһ˿
Ϊ֪ζʲô
ζţκڱ֮Упܣ˽һλһ
ַΪ۰һҲǲܡ


1278 ħˣ
ǰǺڱˡ
һҾ޴ɴ֮ϣַܵƺԵú˷ܣźڱĿоâﻹеʧǣһĻģ
ִҪַǰ·ѾԤַԼ˽ںڱķ粨
ԭĹûĲȥΪȻΪļ𣬵ȴǺڽ磬ʱսβ
ĹѫǴ
ڣۼַ֤һսڱܲ˷ܼ
ں磬жӦް
ֻǣַ忴һʵǶ𣬶ڵĶʯסˣ˵ļ޾ٸ磬ļޣ޷ͻƣǿĶʯˣƷҲֻһ㡣
Ʒʶʯպлõġǵõ˸ƷʶʯַȻὫͶ
ַ廹һָƷʵĶʯΪ˱еıЩд˵ƿ߽ʹ͡
һƿߵģǿԶһЩ´󹦵ƿߣƷʶʯ𣬵Ϊԭ˴ͣһһǶʯӶڶʯ滻лΪһ
ƿ߼ƿ֯ʵҲ뷨ϾҪԻһŸƷʶʯʵ̫ˡ
ַҲǳ뷨Ȼ齨ǾһᷢչƷʶʯѵãַҲԿôʱ䣬ֻԵʵϣõƷʵһŶʯҲǰƷһǶʯˡ
ƷʵĶʯжôѡ
Ʒʶʯ󣬵ڽеԽӴĽ򣬾ԽпܵƷʵĶʯ
ڱƷʶʯҲַҪڱһҪԭ
ܿ죬˵˾͵˺ڱ⣬ڱ˶Խ룬һ룬ʲôǿɾ˵ˡ
ÿǽǽħƿص򡭡
һ˿ġ
ˣ˽ڱ򣬿ɲ۹εģɨڱģ۽һ
ַ塰˵
ȷڵˣʸˣһӴĽֱҪ֪ҲֻԭĴƿܽ硣
ˣ
Ŵ͵Ĵ˽ϣ뵽˺ڱ򡣸ոսڱ˾͸оһ̹ǵı䡣
ǺڱʵڽʱѾܹˣֻںڱУֹǿ
Ȼڱб򣬽ֻǺһĹһƿߣ֮תҲ׵ֵ˸첻κв
ʲôˣ
˵˸ոսڱ򣬾ͲһĲһ飬ȻƿߣһĶʮֵľ衣
ƿߣ
ַһǲȻֱӾͽ˺ڱ򡰵ֿߡΧСںڱħǾԵİѾռ˽ųɵ
һǱڶƿռݣĿǰħڲϵƿѾԤʱ䣬ڱƿ߿϶ᱻɨһա
ڣЩƿҲڿļְˡ
һ˫ƿߣһʱ䣬Ҳûôˡ
ಣ
ӶһǿƿߣϵϢӦٸ磬һƿеͷˡ
ǺˣΪνǲĿ򣿡
󣿡
ַһû˵ЦŽ͵һСƿ֯һûУǿ߲һλħƿߣΪֻһǧˣĿǰǺڱУڶƿ֮һֻںڱлˮ㣬һʱ䣬һЩ档
ַ˵ͷСƿˮ㣬õһЩ档ħսЩСƿ֯Ϳס
ǣҲǰҵǺ֮ˣĿǰʽڱȹͬħ
ˣ
ѵǸ磬ˣ
˵Ҳˣ齨ƿǵնߴħ׺ǿߣռһ򡣡
˿ҲҰĲҲںڱзֵһڱĿǰΣԽǿƿԽǱħסڽ룬ֱ
˵˴ãһλǿƿ˵պǰ;ƽǲҲÿһᣬˣ
ˡ֣ƿҲĸСƿ֯Ǳȡů
ƿߣûʲôҳ϶ȡԣԼҲǿԼǿ²вʲôˡ
һˣƺǰ;ãһЩȻһЩ˼
˫׼һʱȻƿ߶ʧ
ãħˣ
ȺħȻˣǲʲô
ӣϽӡ
һ˵ħˣȺƿɫһ䣬˵ȾӣеƿһĿɿڴ
ʲôʱƿ߾Ȼηħֵز


1279 Ǻ
СƿıǸͶԲûʲôҳϡռƵħ
Ǻ˽
ƿħսǶǺ͵ԭħһҲ˺ħս
ÿһλƿߣܳΪƿߣ˭װ͵οǽڱҲֻҡһʡˣûҪںڱ㡣
οڱҲ޷㣬ħռžƣǲӣѵȥ
ַԲɫһգۼ˺ԶƿߣǼ¶һ˿ЦݵڱƿƺкܶࣿǳϦֻһʾߣֺγΪСƿûκαϡ㲻˵˵źѣΪûжƿԸôڱôƿߣһᣡ
᣿
˼
ᣡھһᣬúڱƿ߶˵ʵ˵־ǲһ
ַ˵գӭУ

ƿߣ˲ӷɴзгַ͡ӺУһƿߣһٶ
һٶƿߣȲϲ󣬵һ뻮һгͣоĵȴЩħǹɱ֮ԶԶǲƿܱġ
ڶƿߣѾӳ˺Զľ롣ǻͷ˵˷ɳ˷ɴһԴģ̲סͣ
ڸʲôѵЩħɱ
ţȻţŶ»Щħɱʲôãڱ򣬼ֻʣһҲд磬һʣȥЩħս
Щħռžƣڸһħ𣬲Ǹѷɫսɡ
Ҳüͷܸо˵ͻȻڱЩԾ
δӵħ޳һǧħңҲһܹռˡοħ»ʮλħһǷɨһ򣬺αȥĦӲӲοû֮˵ϣ̫ܵǿϢ
ܲ⣬Ҷںڱ򡰻ӡŻһˣαغħģοģܿĵùЩħ
⣬һЩƿҲ⣬ǿһٶƿߣӭսЩħֻͽˡ
ͻһɱ˸ոսڱ򣬾ͻΪʷ

ǰЩƿߣȻҪӲӲ̫ˣǰЩƿߣֱһͼˣնɱһƿ߶ѡںˣ֪ĸƿȻ˵޴
ɱɱЩƿͳͳնɱǵ籾Դƿߵ磬Ƿǳζġ
ħһʩչħƺƵһӵϡлʮλħԶħֱգϢֲԺһС
һٶƿߣôǿħǰʵ̫Сˣһ˲䣬ͻᱻѹ촷ۡ
һٶƿߣȴûһ˿η壬Ļޱȵš
Ϊ֪ڷɴ֮У޵е
ַҲԶħԽԽħҲˣǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڽڱ󣬾͡һˡû뵽սڱ򣬾Ļᡣ
һٶƿߣַ嵱Ȼðա
Щƿߣֻڱ򣬿ɲЩħɱģҪɱҲڡ
οַ廹Ҫ籾ԴЩħõġ
ಣ
ַһɵյУվһٶƿߵǰ˫֣վյУĿ·еħ
λħڿַһɲǣжһԼֲԤС
ǡ
ħüͷƺ˼ʲô
ַȴʱ˼ˣ˫֣ͷȴһӳһƬ嫵棬Լһ˸š
ֲѹյС
ɣ
ַͺһʱĤ˲ţƺƵһգʱ˳ȥͬһŴһ㣬ݺһ̡
䣡
潵٣
ɲǼ䣬ħЩƿߣܵһԵֵĿֲϢ·Ϣһ㣬˲佫ħС
ǿħħ𣡾ȻַһˣһڡˣֱӾ統С
ѰƿߣǼû˭󵨵ôħ뵽統С
ַȴûκԥûκιǣôһħ
䣡
浱Уǧľް˳ħˡ

ħҲڷţԻħһǧħΪһֲħҪ˺Ĥ
ֻϧĤޱȵļ̣ħ޷
ͬʱֱѹ£ħħӴħӦ飬Ϊ촷ۡ
һʱ䣬ޱȵš˶ĿɿڴĶյУֶַ塣
ʼգַ嶼ûŲ벽֡ûжħʹ˻ҷ𣬻Ϊ˻ҽ
ַ壡
ޱȾƺڡϡַݣ̲ס


1280 

ַĿǰġš磬齨ˣնߴѾǼˡˣȥȻȻͳΪ˺
ܹ֮ԡšߣͬ죬еٮٮߣַ壬ɾʸ
Ų𷢳ձøӰˡղַΪˡ˵棬ħħһڡ£˲ѹ촷ۡһĻĻΧƿ߶
һʱ䣬ޱȵ𺳣ˣ
ԶԶ
ַ塰һڡħʮħһħ𣬵õ籾ԴҲǳӴ
ֻǣַ磬Ҫ籾ԴȴӴ󣬼ֱͺһ޵׶Ƶģַոյõ籾Դתۼͱյøɸɾƺһ㼣ûС
ַҲûż˽ڱ򣬿ɲֻΪַʵһΪһ
һҪԭǾǳɨڱħҪɨħռڱ򣬹⿿һٶƿߣԶԶ
ǣַղšĻᣬַΧƿ˵˴ڱĿֻһǾɨڱ򣬳ڱеħڱ˵¡гԱ߲ܣֻһΣΣ´ˣɾûôˡ
ַĻʱΧƿ߶˼
粹ԱʹⲻôˣͲʱи֮Σ
أ׳־־ԶҪɨڱö棿ܹˡ䡱һԾϣһ졣
ȻҲƿЩɡȻʵǿ󣬵ڱħ£޵ǿǰֻŶ̤һǵľ硣
һɾһǵڱ˭赲
ˣһ·
ҲֹǣַԼ˲źܷģʱϼߣǶǼᶨģǽͷݣðվˣպصҪˡ
ǣַɴͰռݣʱ˵ľݵ㣬ʼΧԸ˵ƿߣżȥЩħţЩħһż

ʲôħˣһ˵նɱ𣿡
ħڣħֱ˾޵¾Ŵ֮һĪݿɫһŮ𣬵սթҲǲ̣ɹ粻ǾŴ൱ǿʵŽǰ壬ǧħ
ոյõϢĪݿ˷ŭȴԵ൱
ȥˣԼô£ڱ򣬲ͻȻðôһǿ𡣡
Īݿܹڣ۳ǧħľǽսڱУ޵ҲĪݿΪ޵˺պս
磬ڱʣµƿĪݿȫȨ֡Īݿû˵ʲôˣû˵
һðôһƿߵǿߣȻõ
ħ鱨ϵͳҲ൱ɫܿ죬߾Ѿˣ¼ĪݿС
ĪݿЩռϣɫȴԽԽˡ
֮ǰȻʧߴȴߣȴ©ôһҰĲ
ȻҲ޵¾Ŵ֮һĪݿִƴȨ߸ϣҲҪη֡
ˣܿԸϵħ
Īݿұк£
ʵ
£ɵĺ£
˵գַնɱߴ˵˳һ˿ŭ漴ЦĪݿ޵ȫȨƿߵ£ûʸԱָֻšߴǱµĵҲˣθɣ
ҲǻˣĪݿܲ
Һθɣ֪֪ǸѾڱˣַ壬ոںڱ֣նħлһħ𣬸Ҫɨڱ޵ԣ˵Һθɣ
ʲôַ˺ڱ򣿡
΢΢һ㶣Եúܾȡ漴Цַ壬ǿûʱȥ鷳ˡĪݿģԳ֣նɱַ壬˳ţƿ߶һա
֪ĪݿʦڡĿġΪնɱַ壬ȥһˣкηַǺ֮ǣʧߴɲССʧƵ˵ĸ
Īݿ۾΢΢һУЦ˵ȥһˣȻġֻҪַܳ壬ɨ˶ƿߣ޵ұֲֻ֤ᡣ
ɫѿҲֻܵ˵ͷ뿪Ҫȥ׼ںڱ򣬽ַ峹նɱйͷ֮ޡ
򣬱޵ʧôһⲻ˵ġ


1281 ֮ʬ
Ѿյʮƿˣϰٸϵƿߡ
ַȡĻ㱨¶һɫ
Žʱ䣬˾Ҫ֪ոʱַŽֻǴһٶƿ߰ˡ
ڹյĶѾʮˣڼӡ
ҲЦ˵ʲôʵڱƿߣжߣҲһЩƿ󲿷ֶСƿƿûСڴƿħƴҲͳˡⷴǵĻᣬƿ߶ڹǾЩħһ׷Źǣܻһ̡ܳŹһʱЩƿһˣǸʱʱ򡣡
ַ˵ͷƿ߶ڹܲܳŹһϾĿǰڱ򣬻ħ¡
һŹ˿϶ܹӭһʵķԾ
ҲҪЩƿߵѺùأǽͷݲҪ
ס
Ҳ˵ͷڻ˸ɾͷ·ص˵ԭʱһ쳣æµ
ڣĵλɱȵԭʱ߶ˣһ֮£֮ϡ
뵽ַ弫пܳΪһ𣬶ƺڱǸ붼˼ѡǰǳŹħı
ַּǱˣ˵һЩ½ܷģˣʱ䶼Уǣ硣
ȡ浮򣬳ΪĽַֻܵپΪ߸ϵһ𣬳ΪĽ֮
ʱһĹȥַĸоһֱڻġ仯ţһֱʲôȴΪĹϵһֱû
籾Դַ廹Ҫ籾Դ
Щħûжô
ַѾҪȵĲͷˣһ뿪˵ľݵ鷳ͺɨħˣɱħȥˣȴ
ʵڲ
ַţҪ¶ģȻ洫ħˣһΣڰ
ˣ
ַϢǳ˿ħ
ڣߣȥ
ֱַӴ뿪˾ݵ㣬ĿԶȻգڶħ²ǧħ
Щħ٣ϵϢħħʲôǿħʮһ
Ϊ׵ħ𣬸ƾˡ
ЩħһħΪ׵ħμһħ㳲ˡ
˵ƿҲɫأЩż˵ƿߣǺܽšںڱ׹ˣνպա
𣿡
ַ۾΢΢һУǵãһնЩħӦĪݿµħһȴ
ң˵ַ廹һЩȻûм棬һǺַǡ
Ͼַնµߴ𣡼̤ߴʬ壬Χ
ַ壬ʵںУһʱҲڲȥѵ㡣Ȼ죬˺ڱ򣬺ٺ٣Ѱ·ˣձ̤ƽˣɨƿߣһ
ĵǽµħһգȫԺɨһЩСһЩĽˣοǶԸˣ
У˸ûзУ΢һַ壬ˡ
ַ۾΢΢һУȷڡûĻ˸Ͳ赲ΧЩСƿҲ޷ֵ
޵£Ŵÿһʵ൱СԼɡϴʧߴʧأַܲǣ
һΣҪһйͷ֮ޣ̤ƽˣնɱַ壡
𡣡
ַȥ¾ͷ·һһĽһһˣյУңңš
ߴ𣬵ȷնɱġµߴ𣬽գѰ·Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ĸҲܷڱ򣬾ڽһս˵һøл̤ʬ壬Ҳڱ򣡡
ַĵĻȴޱաʵ̫ˣȻҪ̤ʬ壬ɾĪֱǲ
ַ壬֮ܣѵΪնɱߴ𣬾޼ɵˣ죬֪Ϊα޵¾Ŵ֮λ
䣡
𳹵ױˣǧŰٶأǧħȫֲħȼĻ棬ͷ·һӵħһ㣬˷ĵľ


1282 䣡
ǧħʲô
ǿֲԶԶƿǣ·Ϣĸоַ֪ġϸ˿̾ȻҲЩġ
ǧħֲֿһ˲硣磬ǰ𣬾㴵״򱬡
ǰ𣬺ʣҲַǿħͬʱҲǿ֡
Ǳô˳ƿߣͳͳΪҽɡ
˿״ûҪַ籾ԴˣֲȫҪַ˲նɱһȭַ壬һйͷ֮ޣõϡ
ַ˿ǿĶ֣Ҳ̫ġϾʵѾܹһвˡ
Ҳ˶ѡ
潵٣
ûκγɣַ屳ټ˲併٣ַСͬʱһɸӿֲ޼ɵͷš
ռŤڱ˱ᣬĿֲħǰƺҲôĿ£ԵЩС
⡭⡭
۾·һ㡣ַնɱߴ𣬻Ҳǧ磬Բᳬǧ硣
ʵȷѾǿˣԵõӡǧħƺҲʲô
ڣˣס
䣡
ַȫһױȵ磬ֻ¶ɽһǣɢĿֲϢϢ
ַħǰͬӰСֻСӡȴһͷһ㣬ϵЦݶסˡ
ַϵϢȴڷţֱͬ˳һ㣬һһƺͣЪ
һǧ硢ǧ硢ǧ硢ǧ硭
ַϢڽҲܡӡû˿˼ȫıˣ̶̼˲䣬ַϢѾǧĵز
ǧ簡޵⣬˭ܿ⣿ǺɨڱҲʲôǣַϵϢӴѹ⣬Լ䣬һɹصϢͷ·ʲô
ŵϢŸļ¡޵ǰֻŶ̤һǵǿڡַʱ˿̣ϵϢȻ˿Ҳ޵ѷɫ١
ǧսַǿ󣿡
˼飬ǲ˼顣
ַڰºڱҪˡ
ΧһЩƿҲĿɿڴĿַ塣Ϊƿߣ˿ַϵϢжôĿֲˡ
Ҳ֪ǧʲô
ǴţַѾ۷ˣһƺҲֻа벽֮ңȥһΰһ
һ޵дڣͻȻ˺ڱǸ컻ذĿֲ
ַͷž޴Ӱһһ𣬸߸ϵľŴ֮һӴħȻҶһ¡
Σ
أ
ûлشַĻ͵ȼħ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡȻһʱ䣬ʩչħطֱӶݡ
ħطԽȼյħԽ࣬ôҲԽǿħȼգطֱֲ㡣𼸺գۼ䣬ͷ·ƿ˿ռ䣬֮زز
ӵõô
ַ岻ɫƺ˿ҲʩչطĲΣħطѾ˽ⲻˡ
ЩطҲ͵ͲһЩһǵʱЩطûκˡ
ڣַ൱ڰ벽һﻹЩط
ǣֻңң֣֣ͺһף漴ԶʩչطĶݹһ㡣
أ
һ㣬ͷ·Խռ䣬һӾ͵ϡӴħ˿̾Ȼͬһһ顣
ҿʮ꣬˳ɾ͡
ַû˵ЩʲôһץͽӴħץС
һĻΪ죬ַʵ̫СˣˡСȴץסһ޴ħôĲЭ
û˻ôС֣ڰ벽һǰʲôӶѡ
޵𣬾ңҰ
ַץס漴ָһ룬ͷ·Ƽһ㣬ʮ޵ǧħʹ˷׷׵飬һؽһأ׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
󣬶̶һʱ䣬оҲûĲҽҲûϢ
𣬺ڱŴ֮һˣ


1283 ħ𶯣
ֳһƬžյУƺƵħȴҲҴһ£ûħʩչطˣ𽥽ʧħ
ǿþŴ֮һڱ۷ڣôˣǵڱսҲûþŴκһ
ڣǵǰַָˡǡ޵ֿ֮ͱ촷ۡ
ֱֲ࣬˾
ַֿһǧħЩħһȫַУǿɶױȵӴ籾ԴǷ
ǣƣңңһץ
䣡
𶯣ǧħȻһ˿֮ûУȫħ֮һ뵽浱С
ƺƵ籾Դַ浱У˿̣նΪ֮һգַȴû뿪վվţ۾
ʶѾ뵽浱УܸоӴ󵽼籾Դӿ룬Ѿڿʼ˾ҵı仯
һֱͣͲ޷磬Ҳڻĳɳš
ǧһٸ硢ǧٸ硢ǧٸ硢ǧİٸ硭
ַսڻţȴޱȵġᶨңεĹţ棬Ѿˡɱڡھҵġɱš
ʱַҪľǰ


ħУۡħеħħгһԼ۾
ˣ
ɫޱ鶼Ť̤뿪ħء
һʱ䣬ħ綼Ļ̡̻ڶħѾ֪ˣնħ൱䡣
𶼻ᱻնħοˣ
ңиӾ˵Ϣ
ַ壬Ȼһλӵоǧսֻ벽̤һĿֲǿߡ
һЩ˼ħһݣ֪ڱ죬Ҫˡ
󲿷ħĿħֺĸ֪ڸڣϵĵ޵
޵𣬾ǺڱħĹǣϵĴڣֻҪ޵һ죬ЩħͲηκˣκ
ʱ֮ڣ޵һһصħ˿Կͻ𾪡
޵ϣѾ۳˾ǧŰٶ磬ֻһ㣬꣬ʮ꣬Ҳ죬ܳ۳һħΪһǵ
𣬵𣬴²ˣˡ
Ȼ⴫Īݿ𾪻ʧ
ৣ
ڵ޵͵۾Ŀһ˿â
ˡ
޵ţг޾ɱ֮ͬʱ·ҵ޵𱳺һĺȻʵһ㡣
䣡
ؼһĪݿһ̶·оԼġСͷ·ϵһҶһ㣬ʱпֲܱķ籩˺ѡ
⡭
Īݿƺ뵽ʲô͵̧ͷˣ޵ıԼһħĳΡ
һħ
һ̣ĪݿпϲǰͬħӰһɨе

ַ徲վյУûκǰǲַ֪ʲôȴûǰ˶ַӰĿг˳羴ηԼһ˿˿Ľ
˭뵽ַܽڵͬһ˲顣ǧǿħ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ֶΣѾ޽ӽһˡ
һǿܹΪһ֮
ַϥӰ̾һ𰡣ԭѾǰ档ǻǾ֮ܣСλ𡭡
벹ͬ뷨˺ܶ࣬ð˼˵ͷֻһǧ磬ҼҲǧ磬Ƕʯơ
Ϊ˵õƷʶʯϧ齨ðսڱֻǣЩȴһ񡣸Ʒʶʯô׻õġ
أ
ַλΪһǿߣгһգܹɨڱ򣬵ʱչεٶʯҲпܻиƷʶʯ
ʱҲδûвһݡ
ˣòҲˡ
Ʋ뷨ˣкܶܶ࣬һսעһԾΪڱƿ
ȴûȥַ壬ΪѾ˿ˣַ徿ڸʲô
ڡĹпγɵġ򡱣̤һҪһ
Ҳæ˵ĳԱַΧȻַܿܲҪǵı
ǧٸ硢ǧ߰ٸ硢ǧ˰ٸ硢ǧŰٸ硭
ַϵϢڽѾﵽһޡңһصĽ򣬷·Ѿ˳Ρ
ʱַ壬ƺ־ͿԴǸƿľ硣
ৣ
ʱַһȴ۾
ȻѾˣβ
ַеĳƽ˵
˭
̾;
ˣ
ȻһһӰûо춯صϢûпֲħͷ·Сħһ
Ӱ˵ɫһӱɷף
ӡ޵𣡡
ƽ棬ħϢܵӰȻǺڱϰ޵


1284 һħ
޵𣿡
ǧȷԶԶ޵һ棬˫Ȼ֪Ϊκһͨħȷ޵ɡ
޵ˣ鷳ˡ
ֳţ޵ĸ־ε˶ĶеǵӰ
ַҲ⣬ֻǣȴֵĺƽ֪޵ֻû뵽޵ô졣
ңǰ޵ƺЩ̫һ
ַ޵һȻ͵һƺ뵽ʲôƽıҲһ˿仯
޵ڿһôѹֻô죬ԭѾһ
ַ峤̾һƺид
һѵ
ɫ͵һ䣬ַĻѾһֲԤУĳֲ²⡣޵һһǵ
˭֪޵һֱڰ벽һǵϣֻ벽ܳ׿Խɾһǵ𡣵벽ƺܽƺһܹﵽʵȴǱȵ컹ѡ
޵Ѿһܳʱˣ˭뵽ʱͻƣһ
һʱ䣬ƿ߶Ϊ֮𺳡
ܰɣ޵Ϊһǵ𣿡
˼飬ǲ˼顣޵һһǾûʲôˡַ𣬿Σˣڱ򣬽׳Ϊ޵Ľ򣡡
ԭΪˣܹħںڱַͥ޵𿹺⡣û뵽޵Ȼͻˡ
ƿܸӡ
޵ͻƣʵйܶ룬޵ѾһܳʱˣʱпͻƣҲʱ׼š
һ޵ͻһǾͽ׳ڱһλһǵǾʸΪ
ֻǣ£޵ͻƣôַΪġ
̤һҲܲܿóҲɱ䣬Ҳֻ벽ֻϧ㲻ӦóڱǰӦóںڱ򡣡
޵ֶƽȴɳַĲ²⡣
һһǵˡ
޵ѾΪһǵƬ磬ֵһλһħ
ôһǵ𰡣ľ磬ģһЩ߹̫̫ˣ޵Ҳֻоǧħһʧ޵ѾҪһҾͷˡһħҲ뿴жǿ
һַ̣͵վ
䣡
ַվͺ±һԭƽƽϥеַ壬Ȼ䱬һɿֲơ
ƣƬڱħƿߣܸܵɻֺӴƣֱױȡ
֮ǰûͻƵ޵𣬶ûֲơ˿̵ַ壬ƣѾԽ֮ǰ޵
޵Ҳܾ̾Ŀ¶һ˿֮ɫȴҡҡͷ̾һٸһЩʱ䣬ܹһѾڿʼɱˡֻϧ˱ѾûлˡûгΪһħԶ֪һǵӵежôĿֲ״ڱ򣡡
޵·Уħûʩչȴ͵ıƣַ֮ƣӻֺ롢Եţϯڱ˶ֶĤݵĸо
ħ𣬶ֻڵأ˿Υ档
һħȻǡ𡱣·ѾһΣһԾǨ
һǵ𣡡
ַһâһǵһͬͬС죬ࡣ˿̣ȴޱȵ˷ܣ޵ѹ֮£Ȼûбǽ˷ɱڡ
һε·Ҫǲ˵ʲô
ţƾ豾ѹӶɱ䣿Ҳգ㿴ɡ
޵û뵽ַȻ˴󵨣ҪѹӶɱ䡣ֱС޵Ҫ޵𵱳̤ʯӶɱΪһ
޵ַԸ
𣡡
޵һһȭӳħûʩչ⿴ƽһȭȴħƿߣĩյĸо·ͷ
һȭָо۶ڽеĸ䣬¶޼£ᱻ촷ۡ
һǵҲΪ
һǵ𣬿ɴݻһⲢΣʵϵ޵ֲΣ״ݻһҲôңɼɡ
ǰַ壬ǿǿȵûѱ޵𶼻Ҫǿڴ˿һǵ޵Уȴֻһֻϣһֻһϰˡ
׾
أ
޵һȭֱ䵽ַϣ䵽ַ֮ϡ


1285 Σ
ַ޷һȭԭĤǿȣھǧŰٶսԾǧħħҲ޷档
ڣ޵ƮƮһȭȴ̺ſֲĤţǷӿ綼𵴡
ǿһɹɵķ籩ϵ𣬻һЩ綼ܵ˾ҵ𶯡
֮ǷĻţϵεǿ֮Уȹס˿ռ䡣
һַѾжϳ˿̵޵İٱϣǧ򱶣Ͼ޵ħûʩչûоȫ
ţ
޵ԼһȭεȵĿֲǰȫһʮٱ˿ֲһȭԴݻκħˣֻҪһ𣬶޷ֵסһȭ
ַĤȻҪ˺ѣȴסˡַϵϢǲϵȻ޵һȭһǵĳЩ˸
ַɱ䣡ңס޵һȭ
ܺãֵܵסһһȭɲˣ
޵ħսթʨӲȫĵҲȻַ֪εֵסһȭҲ׼ˡ
ǣ޵˿ȵħ
䣡
޵ʩչħ
޷޵ħֻһħ;ǧŰپʮħȣƺֻǶһء
û𣬵ʵϣȴ֮мԽĺ蹵ȥǾһǵ𣬿粻ȥԶֻ۷
޵ħͨħ𲢲ħĶѣһε
εѹַ塣ַоǧս޵ħ֮£ʵѹƵ˼㡣
ħ
ַһһ䣬˵棬ıŷҪħƺδħĸѹסˡ
һħͨħһΪһħ𣬾ͻһħÿħһÿһħޱȵǿ
һĽһһħҲƾ޵ʲôҲѹַ壬ַ嶯á
Ҳˣ֮ĲࡣжֶΣҲж磬ڱħǰ޼¡
ַҲҧ棬ƺѹһ㣬֧ţ۱ǿȴħѹס
⻹ɢħ޵ûг֣һ޵֣Ǻֱ롣
һħһħô
ַţȷԽĺ蹵ǾϵĲ࣬ϵĲࡣ
ƣ
޵ֻһָʱεħ˲ǿʮٱַͺһһѹƵ˼ޡ
޵һָĤ֮ϡ
أ
ˣѾѹƵ˼ޣٱ޵һָϣڳܲסȻ顣Ĥ˺ѣ涼캣ˣһɹɵĿֲ籩Ű
磬ƺһ̱ըΪ촷ۡ
ǻ֮ҲήҲ

˻ߣȭͷֻǣȴΪΧеƿ߶Ϊ
һλһħ𰡣εħѹƾųɾŵߣħƿߣϱʵ
ϱʵѹƣ֮ϡ
ַ棬ױ籩Űһ綼
һʮʮһٸ
ַѾǲˣж籬ըΪ촷ۡ
ֻеĻסΪ׽ˣѣĸ
㻤ס˻Ҳס档ΪƿߣƿߵĸıַʶҲ˻ҡ
ʱæµľֻؽˣ棬ܱתľֻֻؽ硣
ˣ
Σʱ̣֮΢΢һ󣬻֮籾ԴҪǮƵģƴı뵽֮Уͼ޸Ĵˡ
һĻл֮籾Դ޸
ϵĽ棬̿ƺʵϺķѵʱֻ̣ܶǧ֮һɲǵʱ䡣
ַоʱ䶼ֹһ㣬ĻҵУƺԼܵһεѾЩ統ĳΡ
ǳİַȴָоϤͷ·Ƶġһ̣һжֹˣʵַ˼άֹˣ·һжá
ɲǼ䣬ַԺһһ̣һжôÿһͷ·ַǰ
ԭҪĹ򰡣
ַ峤̾һΧеĻ棬·һ㣬Ȼ飬һַָֻѾκεη壬κεĵġ
ΪҵԼġ˵ѾҵʺĹ
ֹ򣬱γɵģֻһֱûֳˡ޵ǿ֮£Ҫ׻ַʱڳˣ


1286 ҵһ֪

ַ峤˿һ̣Σ綼񡰾ַֹ˼άȴûֹͣ汬ըͳͳֹҲֹ
ͬʱ֮ڵĴ籾Դȴûоֹͬɽ鱩һ㣬֮У˵ѾٳƺΪˣǡ򡱡
Щ籾ԴڽУ޸ٱ硣
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬һжָƽĤָˡ
ţ
޵һЩ̫Ծǰַ壬ѾҪٱôͻȻһӻָˣ
ңħƺѾ֮ǰѹסַˡַϣһɿֲϢһɲѷɫϢ
㡭
޵лȻһ뵽ĳֿܣ־ò˼飬š
ܣԲܡ𵱳һķ˶೤ʱ䣬پô£һܣ
޵ħŭһʱħӿֲƺƵַѹ¡ֻϧħַһΧͺʧȥһ㣬ʧӰ١
һ̣޵ҲͽȻɫ䡣
һĻʲô
һǵֻһܿ⣡
ħҲֻнֵַܵ壬ѾҪһΪһ
µĲ޵һøл㣬ûѹô̵ʱڣ򣿡
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ𰡣ô󣬶ô磬ڣƺô׾٣˳˳ʹﵽˡ
ûо춯صĶеֻ˳¡һַ̣ʵѾ̤Ǹϵľ磬Ǹƿ߶ľ硣
һĻҲ˵ȷӦʱѾ
һȻĿһɾһ𣡡
޵Σһ𰡣ǵԭ󣬽ٵǿߣҲֻһˡ
ӴԺ˾ܶԺڱ򣬳ΪһָӴ
ΧһЩƿ߶죬ƺò˼飬ַǳĽǸղŻַѾΣûϣ˭뵽תۼ䣬ƾѾת
ַΪһ޵һͬεĴڣ㲻УҲڰˡλڱ򣬿½ǿԵľˡ
Щƿô룬޵ҲɫʵҲ뷨ַܿոɱ䣬棬ûгɱɽ
ʲôϵ
ַÿʱÿ̶ɱţڵҲÿʱÿ̶ǿߣ޵ҲǸոճΪһǵ𣬸ռʲôˡ
ϣַֻ൱˭Ҳκβ˭
ѣ޵ȴ൱ʵ֪ȥֻЭ
ַ𣬺ڱ򣬴ӴħˣָͳΣռһ룬ˮˮ֮£ʹգ
޵ЭˣɫѿԭΪɾһǵ𣬵ɨڱʶһ֮˭뵽ַΪһ£òЭַ塰Ρڱ
˵ĳԱѾڻˣڱһ룬ǺεӴ󣿼ֻһ룬ҲԶԶȺҪӴöࡣ
ַȴȻ̧ͷǼ¶һ˿Цݣ˵޵𣬿ˣˣһڱﹻҪģڱ򰡣
ַĻ޵𵱼ŭ
ַĪΪ㣿
޵ŭҶһǴڣƾУѵַ壿ֻǲνսˡһǵ޼ɵĴսڱ򶼽ᱻһ
һǿߣѾ㹻ƻݻһӴˣ
޵ҵһ֪
ַƣ̾һ
䣡
һ˲䣬ַ潵ˣ˵ǽˣƺƵڽ򣬾Ȼֱӳ޵һҪ޵𶼾뵽ڽС
ˣ
޵ŭӣַ֪Ϊô񣬽뵽ڽУռ˴ơ
һλһǵڽзƻַһ𣬿¶ܲס
޵˼ܣΪ˽ħָսթԸȥðաַȻҪڽУ޵ȴƫƫַԸ
Ϊô֮һĿܣһ޵𲻵ַأһƿ뵽統УһУǽ޿ӣ
ˣ޵ħӵ£εħĳַڽֻǣַڽȴ·ûܵκӰƵģһεĹ˲յУڱĽ򶼷ײ
䣡
Ȼ̺ʵϣֻһʱ䣬ַڽѾ£޵С
޵ɫЦַ壬㽫ڽУǲݰҪƵڽ򣬼ֱ練ƣѵΪոճΪһ𣬾ն𲻳ɣ
޵ױȵķŭһǵ𣬾Ȼһƿ߸뵽ڽУΪˡ֮
ҪݻַڽҲ練ƣⲢʲôʵĻ޵Ϊһǵ
ַȴЦɣ޵ҵһ֪˵ҵĽһ֪
Ľ򣿡
޵΢΢һ㶣ȷδַ徿ʲôĽ򡣵أΣ
ҵĽǡʱ䰡
ַǼ¶һ˿ĪЦݡ


1287 ʱת
ʱ䣿
޵΢΢һ㶣ŷ֣ħԭźǿѹϢַߣԶʧˡ
ǳ׵ʧˣǱʲôֵסˡ֮ǰ޵û⣬ϾַҲһ𣬿϶ֵܹסħ
ַᵽʱϸ۲죬ħһַߣͻᱻһεĹ򣬷·һӸֽ⡱ˣʧ
ֱδš
ʱ䣬ĪĹˡ޵𴳵ƿߣҲû˵ĸʱ䡣
ʱ򣬵ʲôԣ޵Ҳһ֪
ʵϲ޵һַ֪Ҳһ֪ܣڽʱ򣬵ʱ˽⣬Ҳǳ١
ڱϾڽĹַֻҪ۲һһЩ˽⡣ʱ䣬Ѿ˽ˡ
Ѱʱʱʵûʲôáʱ΢һЩַһֱʹáʱ١йء
֡һЩĽ򣬶κνַڽ򣬻ߴڽַΧ˵ûʲô̫Ӱ졣
ʱ򣬱ǲ߱κιġ
ʱ˿ƣǾȫһˣʱ侲ֹʱ٣ʱתֲַص㡣
ʱٺʱ侲ֹҲˣʱתɲѰңַڽʱʱתѾչֳǿֲֶΡ
޵ħһǵһ£˿ԵֵһҲ뿿Ӵ⡣
һЩĹ򣬲Ҫ໥Ʋܿ⡣
ַʱһħһַһֱʱתǿʱתʱתħȻʧˡΪתʱ䷶Χ֮ڣħûб޵ʩչλħ
ˣ޵ħһַͻʧЧ˵ַڽַΧ֮ڣͻʧЧ
ʱĿֲ֮
ַ壬Ϊֲֿеţʵ̫˼ˣʱֱδš
ˣ޵뵽ڽУҲžԵţǻʱľš
ߣʱΣʲôĹ򣬱ûмҽһǿߣ㻹ոճɾͣɱ䶼ûнѷɫһȴҽ뵽ڽУ
޵һһȭַڽУΪӴľްƵ硣
޵ոճ֣ûпǸްƵ磬ͺصʧˣֻǸоһĲסΡ
ʱ򣿡
޵ɫѿܸܵǹĲʱ棬ܹΣ
Ҫ֪ղſȫʩչһħȫһȴַ赭дͻˣһʱ䣬޵ҲһӰ
ַ˿ĿȴҲ޵ڽʵҲһԣʱ򵽵жǿ
ĻַڽıĤǿȣ޵޷˺ĽĤ޷ڽС
ʱת
ַһһ䣬ʱ򣬵ڽȫʱ
䣡
һ̣ʱֹһУַֻͣ˼άܹȫʱ򣬶޵ϡ
޵Ӵħ˲ͣˣַȴž޴ѹֻʱ侲ֹ޵ϣȴתħҪѰٱ
ʱҪԸĿйϵԸĿԽߣǿ϶ķѵʱԽӴҪʱԼ֧š
ַĽ֮У㹻֧š
ֻǾֹˣҪתַѾ޷ˣڼϲòַҲ͵һҧ߶ʱ
ʱ޵ħҵҲޱȵ޵һ̣о˷·޾ĽȫңԼһҪʧĸо
ָо޵Ϊ֮񣬷ĵħ
أ
ַڽ·˷籩ըѣڸǻҵһͿַ廹֧ţҲû뵽Ҫת޵𣬾ȻḶôĴۣҪ֧Ųס
ת
ַɼᶨת֤ʵеĲ²⡣οΣգ֮ǰ޵𹥻Σգ
ַûʹʱӡߣ뿿޵Ĺѹѹ֮ɱ䡣
ַĶˣ
ȻҲַ޿֣ʱӡǣʧܣַҲڹؼʱߣ
ʱӡǣַ̫̫ࡣ
ڣַҪתʱ䣬޵ڽУʱӡҲûκãַֻܿԼ
ַҪתʱ䣬ֻһ죬ߣ졣
Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ҫתʱ䣬޵תΪһǵ֮ǰ״̬һǵ۷ʵĲ࣬ǧ򱶵Ĳࡣ
һתɹ޵Ͳһǵʱֻ̽һ˲䣬Ҳ㹻ַ嶯ڽ䳹ɱˡ
ַĿģַҰģҪ޵𣬸Ҫնɱ޵


1288 ڱˣ
䣡
ַڽϵţ·ڽҪ֧顣
޵ʵ̫ǿˣҪתһһǵ𣬶ڵַ˵ʵ̫ǿˣܡ
ϾһǵΣѾͬҪתͬεΰڣʵ̫̫ѣĴҲ̫̫ܵڽӶͬھ
ʱ䣬ΪصĹ
ַڼ֣ΪѾˣʱת֮£޵ϵڷٵš
һʱʱʱĸʱʮʱ
ʮʱպһ죬ڣ޵ϵˡԭӴħҲһˮħѾûһˣֻоǧŰپʮء
ȻֻһصĲ𣬵ȴر֮
ܣҵҵľ硭
޵ˣôҲ벻ողӵе޵޲нգڣʧˣͷ·ص˵ڿ޵һħʱĸо
תɹˣ
ַɫҲЩ԰ףѾ˼ޣҲֻת޵һʱˡȻֻһʱ䣬ȴɹˡ
ֻ֪Ҫſʱ޵̾ͻַָȴ޵ˡַڽֲ֮˲䱬
ΪҪתʱ䣬ַڽѾ˺ܶ࣬˾ųϡһ˾ųɣֻʣһɵѹնɱһ۷ħҲ׾١
ϵĲ࣡
أ
صѹʱ޵ϵľǧŰپʮħ˲㱻ѹ촷ۣΪ˻ҽ

޵ҽһг˻ں־塣ôնħֻ֪֪һ·һ˲ʧȥˡ
ַֻ֪޵൱ġù޵һ̣ȹһ¾磬ķѼ߼£߼ʱ䣬ַ鷳
ַҪնɱ޵Ҳܡ
٣תʱնɱ޵𣬸Ͳܡֻתһʱ䣬ַ帶˲صĴۣοҪת졢ꣿ
ҲǶԸ޵ָո޳һǵħЧЩʱ䣬Ϊһħ֪೤ʱħַʱתɾɲóˡ
Ҫתһһǵǧʱ䣬ĴֱַۣĻͲܳɹ
ַն޵ħַҲʱָն޵ʱ޵Ϊʱתֻ۷
ַڽõĴ籾ԴȴԶԶһ۷ħӵУǾһǵӵе籾Դ
ˣԴԴϵĺ籾ԴѸֲַնɱ޵ܵƣֲģһ´ࡣ
ַڽе磬ǷӣֱսԶԶһ硣
ڽӣַϲȴǽʱǿʱʵ̫ǿˣʱ侲ֹʱתʱ٣ֶΣֱ˼
ַ岻ɵ˵ʱ֮ŵǿߣ
Īǣܳʱ
ϸ룬ַȴ֣볽ľ磬ƻкԶԶʱ֮ǵʱ֮
ַ壬ֻΪڽ򣬵Ĺʱˡתһʱ䣬Ҳֻʱġ
Ҫʱ֮ţʱճӣַ
Եתʱ䣬ַ嶼
ַȴԼģʱҲġŸոճΪһǵˣʱҲŽֻһʱ
ʱ䣬Լʱ򣬻Լǿڽǿʱ
Ϊһ𣬽ֻǿʼ
ԣʱȴ˵ַһѽ޵뵽浱Уƿ߻ħ֪ζʲô
ˣ𡢲ƿߣһЩħھĵȴţڵȴŽǱƿ߾еսֻֽɹʧܡ
Ƕ֪֮սݣԲܺƽ
ৣ
ַ۾ƿ߶
ʤˣ
̫çײˣոճΪһ𣬾޵ͬͳκڱҲԶԶùðգ޵ݰ
սǸͲ岻֡
аգ
û˾ַ۾һʤˡ˶Ķַ壬ǲ֪ʤΣϾλһǴڵ֮ս
ַĿ⳯ɨǼ佥¶һ˿Цݣ漴޵Ѿڱӽƿأħ𣡡
䣡
ַ廰£ƿߡħжޱȵ𶯡
ַ֪Щζʲô
ڿʼڱ죬Ѿˣ


1289 ʱ

ħУˮˡ
޵𡭡
޵ħʱסˣ޵ǰЩӸǴΪһǵϢôնħħи
Σ޵յڣЩҶ޵κβǣĻ޵뿪ħء
޵ޱ䣬иǺ޼ַ塣
ַ塭
⼸ննǰĵ޵һ߸ϵһǵ𣬶䵽ħĵز
ޣ㾡󺣣Ҳ޷ϴˢ
ã޵վһħִƺڱܳʱˣħ綼Ϊ׽ġ
ˣҲֻ֪ңħжڻ˴籾ԴֻҪصħУ̵ʱڣ޳ħ𲻳⡣
ʱ򣬴һ֮뿪ڱʱ仹޵бһա
ಣ
ʱħ⣬һħ𣬺ȻĪݿ
Īݿʲô
޵ɫ΢΢һ䣬˵
ĪݿȻѾõϢۿ޵ȷħ˿Ц˵޵ŶԣѾǵˡصħȡڻ籾ԴǺǣΰĵ𣬿㻹ûǣҵħһȺʲô˰ɡ
ĪݿҪѱ𣿵Ǳһֽ£ɽʱյĵλҪѱ𣿡
޵ɫࡣħıԣβ֪ˣڽħʱֶֽΣڻ˴籾ԴгһգҲնħ
ֻǣʱƣԺڱѾΣա
ΰĵѾǵˡлңңȣħıԾ̰սթħĴħֱˣȻʧȥ˺ڱ򣬵һı뿪ڱ򣬼ʱգҲδ޳ɾǧħϣлʶһħ𣡵ʱ򣬵ĳҸΣ
㡭
޵ɫֻ࣬ϧȨĪݿڵ޵ûκεֵͱĪݿ˹Ѻ
ħ磬ѾϢһʱ䣬ĸĪݿȾ޵ħб֮زز
ħ磬׻ң

ǺǣЩħܵù졣
ħ֮⣬һӰȻַ塣ȹ˾磬׶Ϥʱ֮󣬾͵һʱħ磬˵˶˦
ֻǣַħʱ΢һӦͷħУԭ޵¾Ŵ𣬳Ѿַնħ⣬˴ħ𣬾Ȼʧ֮ززˡ
ЩħϢͨ϶֪޵ַնɱ£ַ֪Ѿһ
һ˭ħ
˴ħΪ˲ַ׷ɱǣûи߸ĸϢЩĸ¶ͳͳħ統Уնַ֮׷ɱǵģĺթ顣
Ȼ˰˴ħ𣬲ħ绹ڣħɲ١˼𣬲֪õϢ߶⣬󲿷ֶħ統С
ħ磬ɱȵħҪӴöˡַȻոճΪһΪ˽򣬵Ҳ籾Դ̫ࡣ
Ͼ֪ٵһڸ磬һô˾ַ֡ΪһҲֻܡ֡
Ӵħ磬ַҲûκԥֱӵڽ
̣
ַ£ʱӴĽȻ٣ʱڱĹڲϵײţڱĹվǷɢģԶԶַŵʱ
ˣħ緶Χ֮ڵĺڱ򣬾ɢֻʣַʱ
ȻʱַûʩչʱʵûжáһַʩչʱֶΣǾͲһˡ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַһƺƵʱѸסħ硣ͬʱʱҲټħ˲侲ֹħһ˲Ķûκεı仯
ʱ侲ֹҪԶʱתҪСö࣬ħ磬ħˣַҲܵѹҲֻѹˣܳܡ
ʱ侲ֹ֮£ЩħǴ׵ĸߵĻᶼûУֻĿǺ嫵Ľ١
䣡
Ž٣ֲѹħ֮ϣ˲佫Ӵħ촷ۣħҽûзͻΪ籾Դ֮ɡ
һ𣬶ԸЩһµħƿߣֱ練ƣʵ̫ˡ
һֲΣѾõˣٶħһǰûκλᡣ
ħʧڱȻ˵У׽롰ˡʱ


1290 磡
ʱƣڱڵħҲɨһա
Դӡݻ١ħ֮һû¶棬Ǳ
Ǳ֮ǰַҲ´һЩѹζʯҪˣʱ䣬һֱѰҸֶʯԴԴϵĻ۵ںڱܲ
ַλһնɱ޵𣬶ԺڱҲĴ￪ȥƿǰء
һЩħƺҲĬϡַռݺڱû鷳ڱԼˣҲһѵõķչᡣ
һӰһһȫһ֮ڣַλҲǼǳΪСǧ磬˵һȺˡ
κһλһǶվ۷֮ϣЩԼײβ⣬͵һࡣ
ҲѸٵǧƿ߶λˣǳʵ˵ʵʹ֮Ϊ֧һġ
˵˺⻹ԶԶվסŸԺڱ򣬲֪жƿۺ죬Ҳ֪жħ
Ƕûκζľַλһ
ˣڱˣַΪ֮㲻¶棬ַҲεƿˡ
˿̣֮ܲڡַ۾ʱ䣬һֱܲڡޡ
ڣˣ
ַ峤̾һʱ䣬ħ磬õӴ籾Դϵ硣
ڱ򣬴Ķʯղʹڽһﵽս
ŽֻʱˣսһַʱҲǿַĵط
ŽĲšǿҲǻűǿַڴĽŵһ̶ȣ缸ʮ硢磬ʱʱֻﵽ̶ֳȣ
ȻʱַҲռ˴һгʶҲףһΪһʵͿһµΡ
һ𡢶Լ𣬶ͬȾ磬ֻʵͬˣûʵ
ʵ࣬ȴرһҪΪ򵥵ı׼ٵӵһڸս
ǺεȵĿֲ
һڸսַʮڵ磬¶޷һڸ磬˵˵еˡ
ֻһǾǵþ֮߱
Ϊ֮
൱ڰСǧν綨ַ岻֪һҲ֪
Сǧ磬һ࣬ȴ޼ǾǴ˵еĴˡ
ÿһλСǧУǶ۷ĴڣϣĿֲǿߣǿߣܼһ棬ĻԵ
ַûȥô࣬ڲֻǸոճΪһڶ̶ʱ䣬ʵͼһﵽսʵѾˡ
֪ʵٶȣֻһΡϾѾûħˣҺڱҲȽӴ󣬵һչζʯҲʱ
Ժ󣬺ͺڱܹʯǿ϶ҪʱõôĶʯѾܡ
ַҪʵֻһ취ǾռݸĽʵҲǴ󲿷ħԼһЩһǵİ취
ַһΧһЩҪôǿħռݣҪôǱһռݡ
磬һǿޱȵĶǵΧУΪӴһһ𶼲ȥǡ
ˣַҪռݸĽ򣬾͵취ˡ
ˣ涽Ǵ½򡣡
ַԺһ⡣
涽ڵǴ½ַһֱûǡǵǬԼ𣬽ơʹʱӡǣӻ˺硣
ǰַ׼һʱ䣬ʵȥ½ֻû뵽ʵô죬ȻѾΪһ
ʱȥһ½ˣ콫½ռݡǲ֪½ˣ
ڱ½ʵ̫ңԶˣ˵鱨ϵͳҲռ½鱨ο½Ŀǰڡܡ״̬͸ʲôϢˡ
ǣַټ붬
ַұۣ˵ĸȻʵһЩַںڱУõ˲ٵĶʯˣҲʹһһöƷʵĶʯﵽǧ硣
ˣ˵۴ﵽǧ֮ǰȫõĶʯ⡣
ңַҲһʯˡйԱнˣ˳һģΪ
𡢶Ҫ뿪ڱһʱ䡣ţȥԶĵطڱڵˣ˴
ַ˽źڱˣҲͷǣ˿Υ档ַݡλˡ
ңַ뿪Ҳʲôַλһǵ壬ûʲô˸Ҵڱ⡣
ģһˡ
Ȼŵùǣ˳˵лõһǶʯʱ򣬻ǵһݡ
ַҲһ
һǶʯ붬󣬶ҪõһǶʯ
ڵõַġŵ᲻ľĹˣ
˼ɫַ˵ͷҲ׷ˡ
ֹһЩʱգַû֪ͨκˣϢ뿪˺ڱ򣬳涽ȥ


1291 ˰£˱ܣ
涽Ѿʵս
ǬҲĲҲ⣬˷ֵĿɳգǬ𣬶һЩѣͼռ涽е½
ˣ涽Ѵƿ߶涽ðա涽Ѿ˴ССƿս
Ȼûħƿƿ֮ᣬȴʮֵļңѾƿ𣬾ϰٸƿߣ˲١
Ϊ棬ƿħʵҲûж
һ½ǸոյԺ󻹿ոĶʯ磬ĸƿ߲Ķ
ңԽʱ󣬾ͻԽƿߵõϢԽǿƿ߾ͻĽ롣⴦½򣬳綼ЩһĿ⣬Ǹʱ򣬾ͳûлˡ
ˣʱƿңֶʱ

ȻʱƿĹпռֱӴռ䣬ûпռٶҲܴﵽ¡һǿ֮ô
ַӺڱһ·϶ڷĸ·ǰҪķѺܳʱ䣬ִܹ涽
ڣڽú󣬾֪ңԶ涽ҲķѶ೤ʱ䡣
ʱִܵ
ַŻȻѹһЩһƿ򣬶Ҿ뻹൱ңԶĽҪƿЩ򣬾һ򲻹ȥĿЩһ˳ͳңԶĽ򣬾ΪһԣңԶҲʲô

ַѾϡǰ涽
ڵˣ
ַ忴ǰ涽򣬲׼ʱȴԶַ˼ӰȻһЩƿߣֱ涽
½˷ˣ
ַЩȻЩƿߣֱһͷ涽û˿ͣǳļУӦþǳ½ȥ˭ôż涽ôһŵĽ
λҲ׼½ǲΣϰٸƿߣƵ½ռݲʲôơٲץʱ䣬ȵһЩƿߴеĿתƵ½ǿɾûʲôˡ
ԶַһƿߣϢҲǺǿֻϰٸ硣ַ涽ûн룬ΪַԥǸɴǰ̸ַ
ַüͷһ壬ϰٸƿߣҪϲŸҽ½ˣ⴦½Ѿٵƿ߷ˡ
ô֪½򣿡
ֱַʵ
ȻϢȽأʵѾˡ˵ȷǬ𡣵֪ΪΣַˣĿɳָһЩǰ⴦½ȻȻϢɢˡ˵ûһ룬ǵץʱˣȻλһ룬ǿɾûлˡ
ַ˼
ȻǬַɲǣ˭ƻ˺硣ֻǣҲû뵽½Ѿҳӡ
ַ廹㣬Ϣռ򣬲ڿûϣˡ
һϢǾ⴦½ƺûһǰַĻᡣ
Ҳգ޷ռݣǾռݰɡ
ַҲηηˣһλһ𣬱ҪַĿǰҲͲŽֻк硢ڱˡ
ټ⴦½Ҳֻ
⴦½൱СַҪʵ浮磬½ʯ
ңÿʱÿ̶ʯĲƸ
ಣ
漴ַһ涽

Ȼ⴦½ŸոյѾĲˣܹܿ٣ɨһУѹ򣡡
ǰڻûһ٣ܹٵĻȻѹһУڵץʱ䣬
ԣԣõǵҵԼǬȷֵģҲһֻ̽ҵǣ˽򡣡
УмӰϵϢƺûȥ磬ҲûȥѰҶʯڵѰʲô˵̽
ҵˣԭǬ
Ҳҵˣ˼˾Ȼ£ѹҲǵִ½ǿƿ֮һˡ
ΣǻҪҵˣ˭ҲֹҲУ
˰£˱ܣ
⼸ƿߣͻأĳԼǬǰ°Եܴ󡣾Ӹ£עǬ


1292 
ˣ
Ȼһ˳Χƿ߶һĹ磬ǧϣν½ǿ֮һ
𡣡
˵ļƿ΢΢һЦȻѹȴֻҪƿ߰ˣڲˡ
Ҫǣ
üͷһ壬ﲻ֪ǬҪԣ֪˵ĿġȻûн⼸ƿ߷У˵־ŵö¡
⼸ˣǷ˻˸߲㣬ǻǾЩ鷳ˡ˭֪λһһ۰߸Сǧ綼Ǻպ
ǧܷǰ
Ǭ𶼼ˣǿɲ뵽˵С˭֪ѹեǵļֵ֮ôʱһôûˡ
Щԥ⼸ƿټ˵գͼ٣
Ҫ٣
ԥˣǼɵ֮ɫ⼸˵ƿߣУʵֻϰˣֶϾӵǧ磬ʵİ
ͬڻУҲǿϡ
ߡ
۾û˵Ѿ̬ˡ
Ǭɫúѿ֪ǷˣҪǽ˵ˡ
ԹԸߣǵĿͷԡ
˵ĮûаǬУҲ֪ƱǿȻ˵Ϊ½й¶˳ȥҲǵõ㹻ĺôҲˡ
׼ʱȻԶһİˣҪˣ
ৣ
һֱӳ˵ǰǬ𿴵ʱɫ͵һ䡣
ַ壡Ȼˣ
˿ַ壬ܳԾǽַߵģҲַ֪ʲôֶΣʧǵǰұ½Ҳûзַټ
û뵽ַ巴ˡ
ǺˣǻҪˣ˭Ҳߣ
˵üͷЩãǻûӵˡ
ַȴɫҡҡͷҵĳˣţݵ֡ҪǣͲǻ
ǻǻ˻ûηκˡ
˵˶Ц
˭ǱߣָҪˡ
ʱǬ˵ǻ˲Ҫ֪ʵ˵ҲһֵĽֻֻˣˡ
ţҲȷˣ
ʱ˵˶Ŀַ壬һģ
ַҡҡͷúȤ漴һ
ಣ
գۼ䣬͵Ǭǰ漴һץһ㣬һץȻǬ޴ӵֵĸо
󵨣
ǰ֣
˵˲ŭ˿ǻҪˣǻռĹؼǿɲĿǱǰɱ
ֱƻˡ
䣡
ǣ˵ĳԱ˲ͱ磬ǿߣа˰ٶ磬ɢſֲϢ
ð
ַüͷ漴ɱһͽˣһ𣬵λ磬ʱôӺƣ
ǣҲǬ𣬼ֱ
ַһָһָʱ·̺һ㣬Χһжʧˣ·ֻһָ
⼸˵ƿߣֻĿһָ٣漴һָ¡
أ
˰ٸƿߣڰ˰ٸ磬ȫһ˲䱬ըΪ촷ۡ
˶ĿһĻԱһֱ޶Ե𣬴˿̶۾¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
綼ûʩչһָѹһ˰ٸӵǧϣҲûֶΡ
ৣ
ַһץסǬٸ𣬾ôͬСһַץסһ˿֮ûС
޲𺳡
㵽Ǻˣ
ɫأﻹ֪ǰһޱȿֲĴڡң֪˵һ»ŭҲ޷ˡ
Ǻˣ
ַĿһǼ˵ƿߣֿžޱȵǬ漴ֶվ֮С
˺򣬴ӽأ˵ȣ֮뿪򣬷ɱ⣡
ַ˲䴫򣬲ĸ䣬һ̣ʾĵ


1293 ٣
𣿡
˭ǺҪ򣬼ֱ롣
ʵ̫ˣû˵к𣬼֮ҲԶ򣿾ҲߣΣ
𣬺˵ѵǰӣ÷зնɱ˺ڱ޵Ŀֲǿߣ
ʲôնɱ𣿡
ַġԡ쳹򡣵ʵûж˵𣬸û˵ˡ
Ͼʱ䣬ʵ̫̫ˣڱֺңԶҲһЩƿߣԼ˵˵˵Ķ
ǣַ壬ǿǲ޵ʬ壬һٳڱİ޵𣬰պ֮
һʱ䣬۷׷ס
ַȴܽƿֻۣʱ䣬һȻɱ䣬ΪԷƿ顣
һ򣬼һ˵ҲҪοոյĽ򣬻ԴԴϵʯַޱȵҪܷ
Ķַ壬ԺҲ˽սַôԣζʲô٣ζžԵʵԼԵš
𣬵˭
û˵𣬵ַϸоһ˿ΣַղŶֻ֣ɢһϢ׽Ȼľսĸо
ۼһһƺҲǰַĸоҲţַһһ
ǬڸǡɵˣסˣǱַץУѾû뵽ַȻڳԣҪռ
ǿֱ
û˭Ǹ˽ַġϸˣڼǰ½ʱ˻ַܻ壬նɱַ塣
ַ츳ɫʱ䣬ܳɳʲôزһǧϣѾǳֲ˼ˡ
ʵռǳ롣
ˣ
ַԺгһԼһɿֲϢ洫ݳ
һܹͨڽ֮УͨǿɲһƿܹģǼǧƿߣҲһܹΪнĸţ½ռͨҲпܻʧ
ৣ
һӰͨ˳һ֣ʣµļ˳Ա¶˿ϲı飬漴ӭ
𣡡
һҲæݼ𣡡
ǧǿ𣬵ԻһǾͬһ໹
˵Ŀǰֻǡ족½ôԽ٣
һ£˵Ŀⶼַ壬Ǭ𣬸ǷĴЦַ壬ˣֻ·һ
֪ҲŹᣬЦַһ
ҪҲҪַס
Ǵ˸ոնɱ𡣡
˻ԲѣҪ½һԡ
˳ԱҲѸٵķɵ˻ԣ档
ֻǣƺûƵģĿһֱַ壬һҲƳһŵѵǰַ壬ʲô˵ݣ
ʱȻ̾һڵںڱôңԶĵطû뵽Ҳô͸ϵ⴦½򣬺ôҲһ˵Χ֮ڣڱһķϣøΣ
޲֡
ʲô
ûһ𣬾ȻԡƽȡĿǣһַ彻̸
ֱ˵
ѵԳƺƿߣʲô˲õݣû𶼲òƽཻ
ֻƺ뵽ʲô
ڱǵúڱ޵Χѵǰĺ޵ʲôϵ
ַ忴ŻԴӻһѾоˣһһҲĿǰΪַֹĵһλһ
Ҽĵһλһǰһֻû뵽ַʽ򣬱ȷֵģڱ޹ء
ַ忴һǬ˼ײˡ
΢΢̾˿漴ϵƽ
֪ոնɱ޵Ǵʱ򡣵޵𣬱ǻ𣡡
һ̣չֳΪһĿֲƣ·նҪһ㡣
𾪵ȴǻƣǻո˵Ļ͸¶˼
նɱ޵
޵ǿ޽ӽһ𰡡
ѵҲһλһ𣿡
ʱ˴󵨵Ĳ²⣬һʱ䣬Ǭɫúѿң


1294 ½
ַ忴Ż֪ȻԽ٣¾޷ˣϾһ½һ۲׷Ź
οôˣַ֤壿
ͬһ𣬻𣬵ҲԼ硣
ҲգԽ٣ȻҪֳߵͣĳͷ㣡
ַһǬ˲ͱķ飬ûһ˿ֵ֮漴ַҲֳһӴĽ
γ˽Ǿǵ֮һˣ
һĻ𣬶ǻһ£нŵ㡣ڸղţСðַλһ
˭뵽ַһ
ڣַ˹ƣѾѹգգԼгһ˿˿ѷ졣
ַüͷ΢΢һ塣
Ҷһսֻٵ򣬲ȥΣ
֮ԣ
ǣλһֱӷɳ½뿪涽һֱĽȡ
ʱ򶼴Ϣͷ·籩һ㣬˲ϯλһսʢȥƿ𶼷ӵ˽С
ƿߣҲԷ뿪򡣱ϾѾգ˶뿪½򣬷Ļ롣
û˻һλһġ桱
ǣܿ죬½Ϊ֮һգһƿҲûˣһƣ½һ仰û˸ӡ
ʱУַңңš
ַǵһһսҲη壬Ͼնɱ޵ȻԷǵ𣬵Ҳһͬ
һ֮䣬սǿڽӴ⣬ǿ˭ڽĽǿ
ַվյУ޼ɵͷڵĽϢʱӴĽƣڽԡ
ڽĻϣʣҪռԵƣѾнˡһĵ̡
ַ٣չ˴ĶʯҲֻˡѾܿɹˡ
Ȼϡ٣ַϣȴ˿ڻΪַʱ򣬸⣬ӹ죬ͬʱҲǿ
ǡʱ侲ֹѾԡѹһĽ򡣻һ۵ȷǹ࣬ǵ̣ɲǿʱ۾ܹǿġ
Ǳƿеľ˵ƿȻȻƿ߶޷ı䡣
󲿷һ𣬶ֻͨĽ򣬵ַĽȴ

εĽ໥ײţƺҲû˼һ򣬻ֵλһಫ
ˣͳ໥ֶΡ
ĽǺͨĽһ棬Ѿ·磬ַʱѹס
һ˿ܣڡʱ侲ֹ֮£Ҫڽ򣬶úķѺǿַܴġʱ򡱡
ַ˿̵ʱ΢ѹһͨһ𣬻пܵġҪȫƣѹǸܡ
ѹ֮£û˽ʵһʵܹӳ߰˳ɾѾܲˣַʵԱȣѾࡣ
֮䣬εĽ棬ȶھҵ𵴣ͺʱҪһʱƿ߽У˲ͻᱻʳ촷ۡ
һĿֲ֮һ֮ս۷Ҳ岻֡
˶˰ʱڣЦܹնɱ޵ĺ𣬹Ȼ鴫½򣬼ȻǺ֣С
˶ջ˽ƣ˿ƾУʵϣȴǻѷһ
ȻҲû֣ǿɾͲһˡ˫˭Ҳûаκε˶Էˣκβַ壬Ҳ˸̨£½򡰹á
лʱ䣬ĳȥ˰ݷ𡣡
ʱݡ
ǣҲûͣ˵˴󣬾ֱ̤նȥûٶ
Уƿ߶ĿһĻ뿪ˣҸղŻô춯صһս
ˣû˭ٻַʵ
һ
ַһһ֮֡ԡ½򣬾Щ˸еʣеź
ȴû˭ٸƣһλһ𣬾ϣĵôһ½
Ӵˣ֮Ļַĺ֮ԼˣҲǳ涽򸽽￪


1295 
ַ忴ټ½Ŀǰ½ҲֻһˣѾϢˣ˿ɲַ壬ûһʱִܹ½򣬲½ЧĹʹ֮뵽˵ͳηΧ֮С
ҲҪһʱ̡
ַ֮ǰսʵ˫ûóʮɵǻǿģӦڵĽ򡣱ϾôĻۣڽ϶ַĽҪǿöࡣ
ַҲûɱﵣʱ
Ϊʱǳ棬㲻Ը޵ֱתʱ䣬תûгΪһһ̣ǡʱ侲ֹͺѶԸˡ
ַƣҲǿ׼һ㣬֪Ҫַ½Ǿͱһˣˡ
ַ岻ݣԸ⡰ύַλ׵һ
ַȴ֪Ŀǰʵǲ㡣ֻǣȴûǰһˣѾɾһһĲֻ࣬ʱ䡢ϡ
ʮꡢʱ䣬ڽ֪ɳʲôزοַ廹һ֡ݾѸ׷һ
ǾǶʯ
ǵƷʶʯǸƷʶʯЩһԣҪǶĶʯǶʯǶʯһСǧĶʯ
ڵƷʶʯЩһͿϡ
ַ岻ͬҪĶʯֻҪ˴Ķʯôʱݣ̲ƣͻᱻѸĨƽԽ
ʯҲôѰңһ㶨ʯڽַҪԴԴϵĵõʯһ飬ŽҲɡ
Ǿֻһ취ǲϵռݸĽ
ַ֮עһһУʱۣ벻ϵţϵսζţԼʵ
ϣ½ҵһƷʵĶʯɡ
ַ嵱½ҵһŰƷһǶʯһ죬ʵķԾ춨ΪһĻ
ˣ½򣬻Ǳкܴڴ
Ǭַ򣬵ڣַţûκ˻½򣬽ֻһˣ޼ɵĵѰʯ
ڵƷʶʯַ嵹ǲ⣬½򾭹Щƿǰᣬ󲿷ƿߣ硣ЩƷʵĶʯЩƷʶʯʽ
ַץһŵƷʶʯѾ֪ʯγɵģҪһЩһЩ֮
ڽΪξͲʯ
ַ漴ڽУĽһڽ򣬶޷ʯ
ĻʯͲôϡˡ
ڽʯͲҪôѰҶʯˡ
Ȼַֻ֪һõԸˡһЩⱦڽϣûʲôô
ʱһţʱȥַת½򡣸ƷʵĶʯһŶûҵƷʶʯһһϦ¡
ҵǿɰƷһǶʯѾĪˣڣҵһŸƷʶʯûôˡ
⼸ʱ䣬ڸˡǧƿߣͳͳ˵ĳԱ⻹ֻǵһԱ
Ŀǰռ˺硢ڱַλһѾȣÿ춼ƿ߼룬ȻΪʵĴ
ˣ˳Ա϶᲻ϵͣ½򣬲ʲôѶȡ
𣬾ռʯţҲԿΪƬ㡣
ַһһķԸ
½ʲô֣
֣
ַ嵹ûѣַһֱ˵Ȼ涽еͽ涽ɡ
ǣ
ҲɵĿʼţܿ죬ڶ˳Ա룬ʯҲԴԴϵı͵ַǰ
ַû֮ѸٵġɡҲ磬ֻһǧˡ
Ͼ½ŵûж೤ʱ䣬ûٶʯص㣬֮ڣĶʯٶȲҲĶʯЩĽ޷ơ
һգַڽе磬Ȼǰ㱨ַġˡá
ܽ𣿡
ַ忴ǰˣҲ¶һ˿΢ЦȻǵˣͬܽ


1296 ǰˣ
ܽ𹧾ݼ𣡡
ȣܽôҲû뵽ַһתۣȻͳΪһֱ漣
ַܳһεʱܽ𣬺ַ֪Ǳжôľˡˣַ죬ҲʵĲ࣬һλһӦеܽɲǡ
ܽ𣬲ô񡣡
ַЦ˵
ܽпǺҿ¾޷ȫ뿪涽ˡȻǳˣô̵ʱ䣬;涽򣡲֪Ҳ뵽ˣ
ܽĻܼ룬˻ӭ
ַǼһ̸ܽܽѡʱʵҲ׼
ҿɲֿտն֪һֱռʯʵ涽ռʯռ٣ӦýĿΧĽ򡣡
ܽĳƺתܿ죬ѾƺַΪˡ
Χ򣿡
ַüͷ˽ΧĽʵϣЩ򣬴󲿷ֶһЩŽ򣬾дͽҲл˵Ӱ
ˣǿǸƬӰƿ
ַҲûд㣬ΪţһƿΪУǻҲһһ
ַʵԶԶûдﵽɨ޵У޼ɵĵز
ܽ𲻻᲻֪涽ΧҲ϶޵ķʸ
ѵܽʲôõĽ飿
ַܽʵ
Ӧûע⵽˵Ķɣ
ˣ
ԣǻˣʵ𵱳ٵ涽򣬽ֻһ̬ˣʱ򣬻һλһ𽻶ڻ˼߳ϵͶ뵽īƽҾã˿ǰīƽһ
īƽ򣬾ʲô
ַ嵱ȻҲ˽һ
ܽȷбͽīƽ˽ˣһһַܣַҲ֪īƽ
īƽһͽ򣬾˵ΧԶȴħռݣīħ𣬸Ǻպһħ𣬶൱ǿ
һλ𣬶κβīƵˣҲħռīƽ򡣵һˣīƽеħţɱͻһЩĦ
¶ģҪīƽ⴦ĸ󻼡ֻǣһˣκβīƵ
ǣ𸶳˾޴Ĵۣһλһ𣬽׼ͬʱīƽΧīƵ
ַҲ˽⵽ʵһϣҲûȫİաϾͬһڣҪնɱһߵʵǺѵġ
˶ַһӵʱ򡣶ôãպͻƾ粻͵޵
ɺ֮£ַնɱ޵
ǻһλ𣬿ַûôõˣƽʱҪһλһһǵʵǷǳѵ¡
˻˴ַ壬˳
ַ֮üͷʵ˲֣
֪ǻ𣬱һƿǽ룬Ҳʹ˫ĴƿĽ롣
īƽ򣬵һǻ𸶳˷ǳĴۣ
ַȥ֣ǾʹҲҪһԸ⣿Ը⣬ֻҲòʲô棬˷ָīƽ
ܽһЦ˿϶˲ֻ֡ݽأһλһǿǿʱ򣬶Ի˵ǷǳѡҪ󣬲īƽжʯˣţһӦġ
ַǰһ԰α˽룿ڵˣ涽ʵǲƿ󶯸ɸꡣ
Ҳħսַ˵壬Ǿȫûˣ𻹻ǳġ
οҪҲֻǶʯˣʯȻҲ󣬵һ˵ʲô
ܽĽǳã³ɹ㵱׹涽һλˣҴӻ˻ܽ͹涽ɣϸƺţպҲΪشס
ַǡΨסǶֻڵܽǶַεˡ
ǵʵΣʵϣַĴ֧ţ˵ʵ綼ȵǳΪҲַһԶ֮Ҳκβס
Ͼַˣ죬һԾŶ
ܽ鼤Ҳ¶һ˿˷ܵЦݡ
֪붬𣬳Ϊ󣬶̶ʱʵ˼˸Ʒʶʯʹ͡
ΣǶĶˣ
ǣַһܽ𣬰Ϥ涽ַһǰˣ˵˹ȻҪЩ²ùĵġ
ֻʵַӦùעģ


1297 ֣
ܲλڻԻΪ
ַʱɭϣƿֱﲻǳ֮࣬һȣȻ
ֻǣȴһ֡ɭϡĸоϾ˲ƽʱħսΪսŻ˵ţ˵ҲԽԽӴ
ַûѯʻλãһľֻҪһɨ֪λá
ڽ򣬸޷ַֹ壬ûоκƿߣֱӿռ䴩󣬽뵽˻ܲС
ʱֻˣһλǻһλָĪϢ˿ѷڻӦþ
λƺʲôȻгһռͨ
ţλݹ٣
üëһǴͨڽпٳռͨǿ϶һֻǣҲ֪λһô󵨣ֱӾʹ˻ܲ
ಣ
ַڴʱ۾΢΢һ¶һ˿ɫ𣿡
ַ忴һۻԼһƿߣЦ˵λɣ
ҲһأڿַѾַ֪ݡϾַնɱ޵𣬿治һС£ûпҲš
οַ廹𶯹֡
ԭ˺𣬴ݹ٣
Ҳ¶ɫЦŻӦ
ĳûдλɣ
Ҳеɻ¶һ˿ЦݵĻݹ٣һʧԶӭ
ǣַҲûпֱһʱ䷴˭Ҳûп˵Щء
ַȿڣЦ˵ĳҲëԼɡ˵ֶԸīƵ𣬲֪£
ţȷĴ㣬ֻǻ׶ΣôȤ
ʵЩ£οַ岻λˣ
ֻǣȴƺûа㲻ˣһƽģ
ˡĳֱԣλȻǿ󣬵īƵҲôģֻ£λ֣Ҳûʮİա
ʵֹûʮİգ߰˳ɵİնûС
֮⣬ҲҪһ֣
ص˵
ַҡҡͷҵƿߣŽһģԸЩħĳӲ˲֣ĳԸݣʢ£֪λɻӭ
ţԸݲ룿
ǰһҲַ˼˲֣ҲϷս
ַһѵΪνŽᡱֻǼ𣬷ҪնīƵ
ƺҲ˵ȥ
𣬿ʲôҪ󣿡
Ƭ̣Сѯʵַ֪ô顱ëԼҪ£ǿ϶ʲôĿĶûС
ûʲôĿģûġ
Ҫôһ㡣
ַˡڡЦ˵˳ǳλӦҲ֪˳ԱԽԽ࣬ģȴûʲôʹ֮ˣΪ˼˵ĵ̣ҲΪǿ˳ԱĳֻһҪǾ³֮īƽĶʯȫĳУΣ
ʯô
һۣӦҲڴ顣
ã̧ͷЦ˵޷ǴӦˣһռīƽ򣬻ȫѼĶʯȫˣ˽óһЩʯˡ
ǾͶлλˣ
ַ¶һ˿ϵЦݣĿģȷǶʯȴΪ˵ǳΪҪʯǿʵ
̵һ磬ַԸռʯû֮磬ЧʿԶԶҪߵöˡ
ңҲĵ⡣
մӦַҪЩַ壬ԸóһЩʯˣʾ˵ĳ⡣
ϾȻʯҲҪֻҪֶǶʯǶʯʵ˵Ȥ
һһ˵ʵǲԶˡ
ڶǶʯǶʯǿɲīƽܹοĳǸʱȻ١
ǣǡԴϲܿͽˡͬˡ
ңѾ̶գͶīƽ֣


1298 öĶʯ
ַȥϢֻʣ
໥һۣƺܿԷеһ˿ǡ
λղŵĻмֿŶȣ
ʵ
𣬽Ȼܲһ㣬򣬻Ҳ̴£ϾҪԸīƵǿɲС¡
رεˣͲ֡
һЦЦ˵ղŵĻŶֻ֡Ϊ˶ʯһʲô˵ǳԭ򡣲ʲôԭĿӦþǶʯһЩʯ£һλһ𣬶˵׬ˡ
ȻҲַ˵ǣַȷΪ˶ʯ򣬸Ͳô¡Ҳ롣
ַöʯһЩô˭ûأ϶ء
޹أֻҪַ֣ͬԸīƵˣͳһЩʯҲǡʾáַ壬ַ峹װġ
ֻҪȷΪ˶ʯǾ㽫ʯȫҲʲô֮ǰǻģ޷īƵ𣬵ڼȻ˺Ĳ룬ǾͲһˣһ֮лնɱīƵ𣡡
һ뵽ܹնɱīƵ𣬻жܼ
նɱīƵǾһݵĽ󻼣ҲõīƵ㸶ٴĴۣ˶Ը⣬οһ㶨ʯ

ַ忴ǰĶʯѻɽȫǻġΪ˱ʾǵĳ⣬ⶨʯһ㶼١
һ𣬵񰡡
ַп˵ЩѻɽĶʯֱַ塰۽硱ЩСĵ̡
ʵ֤ĵ̣ԶԶַ²ĻҪֲҲóһ㣬ôĶʯ
ַҲ˼š
𣬿²ôҵ˵ǡʲôϵȷֻҪʯˣʲôڣǲ⡣
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣЩʯ۽磬ЩʯһЩʯǱȽϸƷʵġ
һŶʯǧ磡
ôĶʯַ϶ܹǧ磬ûжȻôջ񣬼ֱ
ЩôַȻҲյȫա
̣
ַ彫ʯһԶӽڽ򣬱֮Ѹٵɣ漴ʼһġ硣
һǧǧǧǧ
ַڵ磬ͬһһķĴӻ֮С˳ңַʱڽУʱټֱټ򵥲ˡ
ˣûö೤ʱ䣬֮ͽжʯתΪ磬ʹַڽ磬ǧ
ǿǧ磬Ҫ֪أڽŶ磿ˡ
ַأ
ŸոճΪһʱ䶼ûУѾﵽǧ硣ζԸīƵչһʯַڽܳ𣬳
ôֲٶȣֱδţַ嶼е𺳡
֮治֪γɵĻ֮Ȼܳ硭
ַҲĬҪŪ֮Ϊܹ硣ֻϧƿߣƿڽÿһȴ޷Ū֮ڲı仯
֮͸ַı仯ϵı仯ǱַҲ޷׻֮ˡ
ʣַ֮ĸԴںһ𣬶ַֻаһңҲǿŻַܹ֮١ĳɾͣ
ִַ£ڣƺѾ׼׵ˡ
һ׼׵Գˣ
ַд˻
Ѿ׼׵𣿡
ַһ˿âһΣҪöʯ⣬ʵҲҪһ£Ըһǿħʱ򾿾ʲôã
˵ʵʲôˮƽ
ȻϴַҲйֵľ˫ʵһûжã޷ȳַȫ
һβһȥԸīƵһһħ֮սҪնɱīƵ
һսעͬСɣ
ಣ
ַһ˴УѵȺڴС
һн׼׵
š
ַ嵱ȻλԻΪףӻİš
ʵҵȵľ磬ﻹҪʲôıƣֱ֮ѹ˱ǣֱǰīƵնɱīƵ𣡡
Ҳɱڣַļ룬ҲܹնɱīƵ
ǣ뿪˻򣬾ֱīƽȥ


1299 ǿʱ
īƽħ硣
īƽʵ̫ˣһҪӴ󣬵īƵ𣬾ǿƿīƽīƽΪһǵ˷
ħԻƣħ֮Ի𡣵īƵһľӪīƽ򣬲ħ׻īƽ򣬶ÿһʱ䣬͡ϢīƽĻָһԪһЩ磬Ȼ١ոһ
ħжǱȽټģһħһ򣬾ͻһ򣬺īƵӪһ
īƵ𣬿ħеġࡱ
īƵġࡱȴƫƫɹˡƿµīƽȻ㲻Ϸ٣ȴ֧īƽħʮħɣԼС
ȻǲɸƵġ
īƽʵҲûе೤ʱ䣬ֻǽеġڡˣˣٶȵں̣ܹܶܿ
ߣīƵҲϸīƽħˣ֧īƽġ١
ôħƣģħʼܱߵһЩīƵʱҲˡ
ħı԰Ҳ޷ֹħıԣҪֽĻȴõʱ
īƵĿ䣬Ҳ˼ʱƣīƵĻҲ˭Ҳ֪īƵ𾿾жǿ
ˣԳΪһͻƿڣƿڶĽܹƣñʵٶȴȵ
īƵҲڿţǲǶԻ˶ˡ
ħƿߣûġƽֻΪɵôల°ˣ˫֪Էһ뷽跨ĲԷ
ôīƵ𣬿ûлˣ
ȻīƵĶУһĮ
ţ
īƵ͵̧ͷȥħ类ƿأ˭ܹϢ͸ħ硣
ǰȴͻȻӰÿһӰϢħ졣ⲻħƿ
ߡ
īƵһ֪ħֹ˻ħ磬һߣԹƵıݡһ𣬻һǵ𣬿֮һϢĽħ硣
𣬻㡭ûв´Ӧþȵ涽ˣ
īƵƺԵú򶨣һɫûκα仯
ַЩ죬īƵʶԼ𵹲Ϊ棬ϾǳѾá
ŽյƬ򲻾ãȻҲīƵע⵽ˣīƵһħȴޱȵĹעƬƿı仯
īƵ𣬼ȻµǵݣȻ֪ˣ
ЦһҲīƵΧм䡣
Ǳĵ̣
īƵȻƽʵϣҲ캣ˣ򶨣Ҳֻڱˡ
һ֣˭ضԴ
īƵֻû뵽ֵô죬һ֣һɣ鷳ˡ
ĵ̣ħ磿һ
ͷֳһƬӰʱһصĲѸɢסħ硣
ˣ
ħ綼ھҵ𶯣ĽƬħ綼˱֮С
Ľ򣬺沢棬ɱ¾

īƵɫһ䣬Ѹͣһʱʩչħ
һءءءء
ַ𾪵ķ֣īƵȻħǻκһ˵ҲûīƵǿ
īƵħԵޱȵĹ죬ַ壬һʱ죬·һӾ뵽һƬãã硣
þ
ַһͷҲ˾޴Ӱͬʱεʱ鲼ȫīƵħַ壬ͻᱻַʱֹ
ֹһжֹˣ
ַʱֻǾΧСһΧΧԽСʱľԽСҲԽ
ַͱšʱ侲ֹ䵽ߵħһЩᱻֹ˲
ʱַ֮ҲܸоʱĺܴīƵħھ
īƵħȻǺľʱضᱻ뵽þ֮УսУֱ
ֻҪ΢һ񣬻߱뵽þ֮УīƵռơ
ѹֻҪ𣬹īƵħټǿħʵҲֻɰաʵϾ忪иĿܣ˭Ҳκβ˭
ַҲǵһνġսУȴ൱򶨣ʱ棬Ҳ𽥵˳ԶԶַ
ʱ侲ֹͼ˲֮أ߾ߣīƵҲַֹ塣
Ψһ鷳̫ʱǳܵѹҲӰ쵽ڽƽ⣬ڽ򶼱ٱ
򣬴ศɣһپһ໥ϵܡ


1300 𣬿ˣ
ֻǿŽ򣬾īƵǸͲܡŽַֻԱΣǺͻ֣ɲֻΪԱҪǣҪնɱīƵС
λˣɱ
һŭҲ֣ڽ֮ڣƺƵĿֲŽ˲䱬
ҲˣȻѷһֻнӽ磬֮ƺƵѹ¡
ʱַȻҲ֣Ҳڽͬȫǧ֮Ȼ
ַ屬ǧ磬΢΢һ㶡ǵãַսʱŽֻҰˡ
ѵַ嵱˴󲿷ʵ
뵽𲻽һݣָ߿ַһۡ
ħ䣡
һΧīƵҲܵ˾޴ѹҲη壬޴ħ͵һ䣬ͱͷۣ˷Ӧ
ǣһīƵսīƵ޵ʵǿ̫̫࣬ħֱ޾һ𣬶ࡣ
ַ֣ȻҲֻѹסīƵˡҲֻѹƣ˿ûܵļ
ΧīƵһʱʱʱ
һʱȥˣƺû˿Ľչīƽ򣬶ٱ⻹˫еûನ޼ɵıĻīƽѾˡ
ַҲǵһβֲεġսһǿ֮ĴսԱ޵ĴսͲֵһˡ
¡¡
ַھҵ𵴣һ˲䣬һЩ綼ܵش
Ͼֻǧ磬½رǿ󣬻ʱ򣬵ǳīƵȫһɹǺ
ãַʱҹʱƴʩչʱ侲ֹļˣˣһʱϷûʲôƣԪ㣬ɴ۷塣
ۻ̫ãȻҲн򣬵ԶԶַʱ棬ÿһζӲīƵĹȻˣƻһ㡣
ȻīƵҲܡͷۣȻǿ󣬵ħȴʧһǧء
һǧأѾīƵʮ֮һˣīƵ𻹴ûܵ˵ش˵ַ𣬸в
𣬱ƴˣҲնɱһˣˡȥʲô壿ѵͬھɣ
īƵһ𣬽˱ˣ漴ȥ˫ֶ
ʧīƵȻ󡣵һǧħīƵ˵ͲʲôŽֻһʱˡ
ȥȷܾˡ
ɫЩַʧˡīƵĻþԶԶ֮ǰԤĻҪǿ󡣶ңԭΪǿӦǿޡѾħϻþʱʱҪþ޷ӳȫ¾ȻκβīƵλʲô취Ļֻˡ
ܲģôȥˣǿɾǹһ񡣶׼ôʱ䣬һ׼ΪС
𲻸ģַͬġ
ʵȻ֪īƵĻþΪһЩԡ磬ýǿеֵӲ
֮ǰԤīƵþԶԶûǿڣһþǣסɵľ
޷ӳȫʵܷӳ߰˳ʵͲˣīƵ޿ֵԭ
ַȻʱ侲ֹԱȴ޷ʱ򣬻סΪΧʵ̫ˣҪĵʱܳɱʮ
ģַڽ򸺵ء
ûа취Ǿֻȥˡλᣬպ⿿ַԼԸīƵ
˾ôһַܲģ˶תŸͷŰ취
ַ忴˿޿ֵīƵһݣһ취Щðա
ʲô취
ǰһæѯʡ
īƵߣ޷ħˣܹѹסħһʱ䡣ôλܲܳ䲻⣬شīƵ𣿡
ѹīƵ
Щ̫ţַѹƣ֮ǰΪʲôѹƣѹīƵħҲǱˡ
īƵħֻôǿôʮɰܹѹסħֻǣʱ»̣ܶڼ䣬ҶҪȹڽ򣬵޷λħīƵһӵħǿħܲشǹؼ
ҲĬ
Ƕַ֪֮⣬Ҳ˵ܿܣ䲻Ļᣬֻ̫࣬һΡһΣīƵ϶з
һīƵ˷䲻ǾͼˣˣΨһһλᣬشīƵ𣬷˽κλᡣ
һطԱڽ֮
˵
Ҳһط
Ҳ͡
ȻλҲѹ׵Ķֻǲؼʱ̣Բᶯá
ַһݣЩһǣÿһ𶼲ô򵥣ѹ׵Ķ
̶ҲĹעһΣƴһƴô뿪ʵǲġ
ƴһѣתƣȫʤ
𣬿ˡ
ǻ𶼺ؼַܲѹסīƵħǹؼ
ǣеѹַϡ


1301 
飬ֻԴУʱ̣ܶգۼѾ˾
ַ˿漴ĿɭȻĶīƵһ̣ǧ磬ȫ
֮Ҳ籾Դȹ
ַҪٵѹȴòһЩðգҲòȥοðҲֻһˣҲðա
ʱ侲ֹ
ַ̧ͷһһ䡣ͷ·Գһ㣬Ļ£һصβ˲סīƵӴħ
ַҪĿɲֻǡѹơīƵħڳţҪѹơīƵж
ҪīƵһ˲䣬ȫֹ
ַҪֹһλħһǵҪεȴĴۣȴòȥעһĻ޷īƵ
οַֻҪȫֹīƵˣҪ֣ΪֵĻǻ
䣡
ʱ٣εĲīƵʲôûü΢΢һ漴һˡ
īƵһʵϣȴڵصħȫĳַġʱ򡱡
ְ
ַɫǵͨ죬۾һ˿Ѫɫ
ֻһ˲ڽ򣬳ɰǧ磬ˡ
ʱڽϢϢأศɡַ֪ҪסīƵȲεĴڣ½ֻһ˲䣬ҪܴĴۡ
û뵽ȴ˵ġء
һǧ磬˲ַڽ򣬽ֻʣǧ硣
ַΪƿʧΪصһ̣һӾʧǧ磬ֱַš
ʵһʧǧ磬Աַףġʱ򡱣ʵǿǿǿʲôزסеĵˡǶڴ˵еĽҲ⡣
ʱ򣬾˵ǿ
ֻǣַʱȻЩǿĴڣȴۡǡʱ侲ֹīƵ𣬽ֻһ˲䣬˳һǧĲشۡ
īƵҲֻħĪЩʮħأǻ֪ҪôصĴۣ˵Ҫƶˣոʩչʱڽͻ˲
ʱǿַĿǰĽǿȣ֧ŲʱԸ̫ǿĵˡ
һΣҲַʶۺʵʱԺǿʵҲԺһжȡڽ򾿾жǿ
ǵȶȹεΣ
ַʩչʱ侲ֹҪȫȫѹסīƵҪīƵ𶼶ãΪһӣַ͵øصĴۡ
ʧһǧ磬ҲֻѹסīƵһ˲䣬һ˲ȴ㹻ˡ
ַʩչʱһɲǣҲˣ𣬶ڽ֮£ʩչط
ַۿڣǧ磬˲ŤҲ࣬ʧǧ磬ǵġޡˡ
Ͼʧ㣬˵ˡ
ǧ߶طȻСһʱ䣬𶼱ƽʱЯſֲݺݵīƵ
¡¡
īƵֻܡĿĹ䵽ϣֻһ˲ʱ䣬ȴΪ˵޿κΣ
һ˲䣬׵ġֹˣκӦ֮ߣֻܡӲȫһ

һ˲䣬īƵѾַָһģȻҲ˺ܴĴۡīƵȻѾָʩչطȫһѾ䵽ϣҲֻܱӲ

һصħͺѩڻһ㣬ַ·ݣħ˲䱻һȦ
һʩչطȫһɲô׵ֵġīƵʵǿħޱǿҪӲһҲδ
ˣһīƵʧأǧħ˲ټ֮ǰʧһǧħǾǧħ
ǿǧħīƵֻʣǧħǧضνʧء
ǣĿַ壬һ˿Լη塣
ǵģη壬ַĸܵīƵη塣ġʱ侲ֹīƵ޷Ȼ֡Сʵ̫ĥˡ
½ֻһ˲ȴѾˡ̹ġ
ַ廹ʩչʱ侲ֹˣīƵΪħҲսթȻ֪תѾȥ
ӣ
û˿ԥīƵָжûзһʱˣַ׷ӵ˵Ĺϣħ綼˲ˣգۼʧӰ١


1302 ջһǶʯ

˶˿ǻ˿ǡʧ޴󡱣ܼʮǰһֲܹ
īƽôӴһǲôƴġ
Ƚϣֻʧһǧַ壬ʧٵġ
ڳˣֻǣīƵˣվһв
ȻףߵīƵʵһ鷳īƵһ͵ϮȻҲ壬Ҳп﷭
Ѿˡ
ַҡҡͷȷѾˣʧһǧ磬ʩչʱ侲ֹĻʱʧ磬Ͳֹǧôˣǧ򶼻ٱ
οַٴʩչʱ侲ֹסīƵ𣬻𣬾ʩչô
ˣڵѾõˣλһȻīƵվǸҪնɱīƵ̫̫ѡƶƻǰ˾ûбʲôϣ
ܹīƵѾĪʤοӴīƽǻ𣬶ڶʱڣʵһͻͽʱ򣬾㵥īƵҲηˡ
οʧ˾޴īƵ𣬿ܼʱ䶼
ħô죿
ַ忴ħ磬ȵĺڱħɴˣħҲȺڱǿ󼸱ʮ
һۣǶַܿеġ
Ȼ֮ǰйԼīƵַֻ֮õʯīƽеУڻ
ղַʩչʱ̾ΪֹмɵַĵλҲֱҪԲԶ
ˣҲ뽻ַ壬˵ǺסīƵһ˲޷˾ƴҲ޷īƵ𣬺ӹΰɣħ磬һ˰ɡ
û
ҲЦ˵Ҳ뽻ַ塣
ַ⣬ȻҪʯôһħ磬һɣЩħܹת籾Դ籾Դ˭ҲӶࡣ
ǾͶлλˣһīƵͣһʱ䣬Ҫռʯ԰ΪΣ
ꣿ֮ã
дϲȻʱ䣬ַ廹չεһЩʯ
ַīƽ֮УīƵ𲻸ģٶȷأҲûʲôˣڣīƵ㷵أҲֻҰܡ
ʱ䣬ǡʺǳסīƽֺô
ַҲͶұֻʮ꣬Ȼ𣬶֮һħˣȻҲҪô
ˡءīƽ򣬾ǽ˻鷳
ˣ̰ɡ
Żһ£ʱ𣬾ͬԶսһ㣬˲ʩչԵڽ򣬽ٵӴħ硣
ħеħж٣ڽǰûκη֮ԡ̡һħ硣
ʱټħ磬ͳ׵ʧˣֻҪ˽īƽڵ©֮ħɨһ£ܳ׽īƽ鷳
ַʱݵ㣬һҲռʯһҲ֮һħ硣
֮һħ磬ʵ̫Ӵˣַ磬ϵķ籾Դһԣȫڽе硣
һꡢꡢꡭ
̶ʮַ꣬ͳ׽ڽ˼ߵĵزֲ֮ǰʧһǧ磬оǧս
ﵽս
ǺεȵĿֲ֮һħ磬ȻַǧսȻ⻹ַ̫٣ÿ綼ǿޱȣĵ籾ԴһЩ
ħڽս϶ǧϣܽӽǧս
һֲ֮ǰʧǽԴϲ
Žֻһħˣīƽ֮Ĵ磬ڽʮꡢڣ𣬿϶ܹһٶ˫˫ﵽսûκ⡣
ַˣΪʲôĻǣı˼꣬һֱҪԸīƵҪǿʵħƿߣսӶỹֶΡ
ƺַӵ绹ûл࣬ǲ֪ġͷʵЩʯ
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡭ
ʮʱ䣬ַ㽫īƽĶʯչһաʣµʮʱ䣬ѾټչˣΪʮʱ䣬㻹жʯҲһܶࡣ
ʮչεĶʯīƽĻۡ
һΣַһջչεŸƷʶʯңһǶʯ


1303 һӣ
ৣ
ַһоͳһǶʯ
ԱϴַõİƷһǶʯһǶʯҪö̺࣬ǿֲеĶʯ
ңһǶʯƺͨʯ𣬾ܹļޣԶһ㶨ʯǰһǶʯŶҡ
ֻ磬ʵϣЩͨƿ˵ֱ󲿷ƿߣ֮޷Ϊһ𣬳޷⣬ҪԭûһǶʯ
һǶʯЩͨƿ˵ǿƿŬأΪܹõһһǶʯóΪһ
ˣһϡ٣ÿһλһ𣬵Ҳǧ࣬ŽҵõһһǶʯӶΪһ
һǶʯַǼҲ¶һ˿ЦݡһǶʯ䵽Уɲô˳
ҲǶһǶʯޱȵȡԭǾãīƽӦòһǶʯ
˭뵽ƫƫͳһǶʯ
һǶʯֱ޼֮һҲޱȵȡȴֻĽַĺˡ֮ǰǿһЩе뷨³֮һǶʯ֡
٣һǶʯǻᣬô׾͡øַ塣ңһַ廹ơ
ڣīƵһսȴû뷨ʲôЦַܡסīƵīƵһ˲޷ΪӣǺεȿֲֶΣ
ǿɲַ֪徿ܷٴʩչһֶΡ
οʩչնɱַ壬Ͳܣַˣպָپ˭ܶԸ
ѾīƵīƵˣٵַ壬ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ˣַ֪ҵһǶʯҲֻܰԿЦáϲַ壬ζɲܡ
һǶʯַٳٶû¶ġ
һǶʯַ˵ҪЩͨƿ˵Ҫ𡢶Լܽ
Ƕַұۣ˵ĺĽײ㡣ʵʹˣΪַ鷳
ַ屾ʹлᣬһǶʯϣΪһ𡣶ңҲ֪һǶʯɺεȵĺ䶯
ַʵҲڿʱڣһǶʯ֮û֮硣
Ĳұַ֤ܱ֤һ硣
ٶһ磬ڵַ˵ʵҲǳˣַΪѣʹ͸ˣԼʹã
ãַ¶˾ġ
һΣǴԼʹáԭҲܼ򵥣һǶʯҲҪīƵһսַ֪ˡʱ򡱵жôǿǱжôֲ
Լʱģʵַڽ򲻹ǿڽ㹻ǿܡֹסīƵͲһ˲ˣһʱ䡣
ǽ㹻ǿܳܵסʱ򡱷ɣܹնɱīƵ
ңһҪԭַԼܹں̵ܶʱڣ㹻ߵĳ̶ȣһ𲢲ļޣҲļޡ
ҲΪƿߣûʲôƿͼޣһ·ͨ裬ֻҪ㹻籾Դ磬ôܹϵĳɳͲҪѰҸƷʵĶʯûֵƿ
ٶ֮죬Զκƿ
ַĵ̣Ҳбƿƣ
պΪһеǿߣǶǸʱٻһǶʯ϶ͻڸˡ
ʱٸѰһǶʯǶʯҲûпܡ
뵽ַҲԥ̽ǰһǶʯʮչεĴͨʯȫ뵽ڽС
̣
֮һŴһ㣬˲͡ס˴ĶʯЩʯͨͨɡһǶʯʱַ֡͡ĸоͺǳԳһ㡣
ţ֮ԭҲмޣһǶʯȻǼˡǶǶʯڻ֮¶޷̵
ַȻԭ֮Ҳм޵ģڵһǶʯǼˣǶʯҲ޷ɡ
Ͼǻ֮Ժ޹˼ɵɣǸһŸƷʶʯĶʯһ죿
ʵϣͲܡ
ַ棬ûƿǱĳЩ棬ҲҪһһӡ̤ʵأһһС
ַ˴Ķʯо֮Ϸ·ʲôԼӡ
ֻǣӣʵ̫ˣҲǳӴ󣬿ͬĥһ޴ӣǾ޴ḥ̂بڻ֮ϡ
ң֮ҲһֱȴҪķѺܳʱɹ
ַҲھĵȴţʮ껹Ƕʮ꣬ϰ꣬һֱȴָоλ֮ӣеӣһ


1304 
ӣڼţƺ֮ȫˡ
ַɵĿǳǧŶʯǽֻš
ӣĪһǶʯӣ
ַһһôĶʯÿŶʯ᳤硣ֻô⣬ǰûгֹ
ǵɰƷһǶʯҲûгֹˣֻһֿܣǾΪһǶʯӶı仯
һǶʯϾͬСɣķͬ졣ַҲһ˿ڴȴš
ʮʱȥƺѾ˼ޣַ嶼ܸܵڲӿȵ·ʱըѡ
ˡ
ַ峤̾һ֪Ѿ죬˼ޣӣͻʮʱ䣬ֱǰδС
䣡
ը˲䱬ը˲ֱ춯أҡַڽ򡣵һʱ䣬ַ͵ʱ򣬡ѹӱըĿֲನ
վڽַǿĵطңӱըҪ磬󲿷ֵµ֮УˣʱѹҲûжڽʲôˡ
ӱըڱըУ磬ַѾϤˡǣڴĿ⣬ʼնűըġ
̳ɢַľһɨ漴۾ϵıҲ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
ַڽУ޴ӱը󣬵ȷ硣ֻǣЩ⣬ţǳ⣬Ѿ֮ܵΪ硱ˡ
Ϊոյġ硱ΧȻԼһֹȫµĹһ絮ǷԵĹһ絮ǻԵĹ
һ絮Ƿ編򣬶ڲ
ڹ򣿲һ쵽֮Ĺ򣬼ֱδţַ͸û˵Ҳй
ǣǲ磬ǡ
ǵģַ弫Ȼɣⲻ磬ǽ
ܹ磬Ļͻụɱͬھֻн硣
ң
ܣ硱˵Ĺ죬ǽ򣬵ַЩţ֮ûг磬˽
ȥ
ַһ漴Ųһ磬ֱӶһ򡱵СȻ΢һ£ͳ׵ƽûκεĶ
ǽ
ַޱȵ𺳣û˵ĸƿھȻ߸Ľ
һƿߣǰͰУ絽ڽٵСǧıǨַ֮ǰҲˣ֮ǰҲֻһڽ
ֻҪϵǿڽôһգܹΪôһ˿ᣬΪ
ǰַҲǰͰУƿҲûʲô𡣶أڽУȻֳ򣬽н磿
ؼڽԶ򣬵ȴûκγͻʮֵġǢ
ʱ򣬼ĸоõҲʱΪ
򣬶ңǧ硭
ַ֪֮磬кܶĵġһǶʯ
ܣֻǽΣ߳΢ͽ̶ȣҲֻǧˣַĺ綼ҪС˲֪١
Ҳ޷ڸǣǽʵֻҪǽôǿԳɳģֻҪ̡¸ˡ
ַ򣬲Ҳ鿴ǷԹǻԹ򣬶ܵʹáңҲǿйء
ʱƣ֮ٴγ˴磬ⶼַ˴ĶʯӶ硣
ַŲǧ磬ֱ뵽Уʹ̶ȴﵽһĳ̶ȡ
٣൱һλոյһ
ǧ磬ʣµĶʯֳһ磬֮Ļָƽ
ʱѾȥ˲ӽˡ
ʱȥַջȴ󡣹򣬾Ͳ磬ټһ磬硣
ַڽԭ磬ڸǡսңһַҲֻ磬սĽ򣬷ֱǷԹԹ
κһֹ򣬶ԵʱǸǷʤһַ岻ʵǿֶλֶǰһ
ңַƺоڽĽ࣬һ¡෴ڤڤУƺĺô
ֻǣַڲ֪Щá


1305 ޶̣
ֱַԽصΪԼΪǡҲͬʱַ壬ⲻ磬
ÿһ򶼴ﵽһĳ̶ȣ൱һ
ַ嵥һ򣬱ȷһַ嶯ڽôҲһͬסеʹַڽ
໥֯ȴʱΪ֮䣬û˿ײһжô
ٴĿǰڽаһַԺпܵõһǶʯôڽпֵܳ򡢵ĸڸ
ַԺҲ·ֳһ档гһգַ飬ǽ򣬲Ǽʮ򣬶ǳǧ򣬾ͬСǧһ
Сǧ粻ɵ𣿡
ַԺһһͷҫסˣеĻڲϵײţԺڵĻҲԽԽ
ǵģСǧ磬ַСǧ磬ɵλǽ𣿶磡Сǧĸǽȴ硣
ͨƿߣͰԽԽ磬Сǧ綼һգڽǰǿ󣬴ﵽ˼ޡ
һĿԳΪ
ַ岻ΪһΣ˵ӴˣĳЩ𶼽Ӵ
̬ΣγΪ˭Ҳ
ʱһַҲоˣ뿪ңȥ˻׼λǡ
ذʱ䣬ջĶɡ
Ŀһַ壬Ц˵
ַҲŻλջҲ٣Ѿӽﵽսˡ
ַˣһ˶ջķᣬǽԴϲ
ΨһǣīƵˡ
λʱ䵽ˣҲðԼ뿪ˡ
ַȷûīƽĴ㣬൱ġšһǡ뿪˿
ʵַ壬Ҳкܴѹǻַ塰šߣǷûа취
ַԸ뿪ˣȻܸˡ
֮࣬ƺЩź
ǰҸոյõһϢйīƵϢ̸߸㣬ʱڱչأҲôš
һᣬǿ˵
īƵ䣿𲻷˵˵
ʵīƵַѾûʲôϵˣַĿǰʵīƵҪ𡱣¾Ͷַһ˾նɱīƵ
˵ǸոյõȷеϢīƵӵ޶̵С
޶̺ǿ
ַüͷ¶һ˿ɻı顣Ҳʶ㲩ˣȴû˵޶̡
īƵһȥͶ޶̿϶򵥡
ԣ޶̺ǿ޶ħеһȻһλħ¸λԼŴϣͳͳһħһʮӴ
ħ𣿡
ַһݣĿǰַʵһУʵҲ㲻ˡħǼֱر
Ƕħ𣬾޶̵ľŴϣһһħÿһλѷīƵǿ
˵޶̵λһħеٮٮߡ
һӴ붼оѹ
īƵȻ޶̣Ҳǳ׷˶īƽɣοһȥͶ޶̣Ϊصĵ𣿡
ȴҡҡͷǿɲһīƵ޶̵Ŀģ˭ҲһɣīƵҵ˶ĴԹޣ»޶֣֮˲ΨŽһģ˴ϣԿ⡣
ַЦˣԭһ𡣵ַѾչ˴ʯʱڣīƽѹβ˶ˡ
һٺͻһʲôô벻Ҫ鷳ַڵʵԱûʲôġ
ˣȻ޶ǰӴһᱻīƵңҲţ޶޵еģҲж֣ţС
ַҲϸţīƵͶ޶̣Ҳźûʲôϵ
ַһۣ漴ɫأ˵𣬻īƵͶ޶̣ûʲô̫ĹϵºˣԭĳԱȴô룬ڤҲô롣
ţڤкιϵ
ַеһ˿졣
ܻڤı󣬿ɾ޶̰ԭλһ𣬾Ǳ޶λصĽֱԳնɱӶռ硣
ַһݣ۾΢УĶŻԺȴͷ
һֱڲ²ı󣬵ʲôǰҲûе
ڣĻȴַֻȻʵĸоԭڤ𱳺ħеȻպ޶̣


1306 Ұģ
޶̣
ַĬԺתͷ֮£ֻ֪֪࣬ԭһλһƺǿ󡣴ҲλԭһߣֻΪƺһǵնɱˡ
ַһֱûλǵ˭
ڿӦþ޶̽޶ˣ
˵ַ޶̻һЩԨԴΪԭһԱͲʲô
ַں磬նɱİ׺Լ𻷵λɶλڤұۡ
ֻǵڤַйǣԲûгֶԸַ塣
ȴˣַ岻ǣڤͬǡ
ôīƵ޶̣޶ǵȻʲô취
ַ忴Żţ𲻻Ե޹ʶ˵ⷬ
Ȼ¶һ˿ЦݣЦ˵޶ȻһЩϵǲòȻ޶̺ᣬǸȻûж֡ʵϣ޶ħѾˡһֱԵǴƿű󣡡
űһֱ·磬Ҳ֧šؼ޶ͱˣնɱűеλһűŭǧܲű󸶳˾޴Ĵۣһλ𣡡
űΧĴССֶͬԸ޶̵ˣӣдȻһ𣬺պʵϣǵǰȥ²ֵһᣬᡣˣһһʱˣӦűĺ٣ͬˣıȡ棡
ַһâġˡĿ¶˿˿Ұġ
ǵģҰģʵѾһЩҰġϾ˭øǿӴ
Ӧűĺ٣ɲΪīƵ޶УвʵϣīƵȥ޶̣ҲֻԱˡ
Ҫв֪ö೤ʱ䡣Ŀģ޶űĴսУһþ޴ĺô
Ȼзյģ˭Ҳܱ֤űһʤһʧˣűɻ𣬺пܻռݵ棬ͳͳҪ³
ȻΣգַҲ֪޶ű֮ĴսƬ򣬳ɰǧ
Ȼͻʹ֮£Ҳѡ񡣾ѡܣһ޶̴ȫʤƱϯΧĽ򣬵ʱ򣬻˭赲޶̣
ַ壬¶ֻСˡ
ַ岢û̴ӦҲȫŻȴ£ҲһõϢַ
λȷˣһڣҵĴ𸴡
ãǾ;ļˣ
ǣֱַӸǣ뿪īƽ򣬷涽
ַʧıӰ۾΢΢һУͳĵλ˲õĻԵ
￴ַʵͻͽпܱǶҪĶࡣ
ȻлԵˣͣչζʯΪ˳ʵ˵ĵ̣ǺǣܡʲôԵֻҪûгͻˣοֺγûлԵ
һЦ˶ܿԷȼŵܡ桱ΪҰġĻ档

涽򣬵ַ巵涽ʱԷƿ߸ˣͳͳ˵ĳԱ
ܽ˵Ĺ֮£涽ҲѸٵĽ죬չ˿쳵չ
ַ嵱ټܽ˺ĳԱ
ݼ
˶ַһַΪһҲԽԽأʵĲ࣬ݵĲ࣬ѾǰһԴַˡ
ȥīƽһīƵ𡣸Լҵõ˴ʯЩʯ˵Ŀ汣պʹ͸ش׵ĳԱ
ֱַӳ˴ĶʯЩʯϰٸ絽ǧ֮ڣһƷʵĶʯ
ͨƿ˵޴ַҲ跨һЩ˵ĴϾַʲô¡
ܸˣڷ˵ȷһЩֺܳɫҶش׵ĳԱڷνЩɫĳԱЩʯͲˡ
һʹ͸ͨԱһЩƷʶʯǿ϶ܹǿ˵˵ķչкܴĺô
ַ֮漴ɫܽʵһҪ£ǿ֪޶̣


1307 һʣ
޶̣Ȼ֪ħеһȻУ޶̵Ľһħ𣡡
𻺻˵
Ŷ˽⣬˽⣬ıʵ޶̣
ʲôı޶̣
΢΢һ㶣漴ɫЩӡַ岻ͬԭкĸ飬ǶԴкĸ顣
ǴƺΪˣһֱæ˵£ûз˵鱨ϵͳȥ顣
ʵֻҪһ飬ܵı޶̡նɱԭλһħ޶
Ĭˣû˵֪¼޶Ȼʱ˵ʲôѵ޶̱
˵ˣǴҲ
˫֣ģĴ˿жôĲƽ
ַ彫һжĿܽѯʵ֪ܽű󣿡
ű󣿵Ȼ֪һƿеȻ涽ǺԶġңűҲǸɰǧڣΨһһܹǿ޶̵Ӵƿ
ܽȷһ˽⡣
Ŷ֪űʲô
⵹ǲ
ܽҡҡͷűȻǰܽʵ̫ңԶˣ̫࣬ܽôȥרŹעű
Ǿͷ˵鱨ԱȥһصǹűԼ޶̵Ķ
ַĻһݣӴһ飬ַ뷨ˡ
ֻߣд·ˣ
ַ涽УϤڽֽںϡⶼҪʱ䡣
ܽͼҴҵĸַ塣
ݼ
Ŷˣ
ַ忴˵ϣƺһ˿ɫ
ܽȿڵȥű󣬷űдǰʱ䣬ű޶̲һЩĦ֣űλһ𣬾Ȼˡűƺ˺ܴĴۣһű󡣡
űΧƿԼһЩǿƿߣ롣űУȻҪڶƿԸ޶̣Ʋ⣬޶ű֮䣬д·
̶ʱ䣬ܽҲĺϸҲű޶ȻȫĿսᲨôķΧҲ޷Ͼ޶ϰٸ磬Ҳܽ
ַ彫Ŀ𣬶ԷҲ˵ҵ޶̡ʱ䣬޶ҲڴһЩǿħһЩصһħѾ޶̣ĿǰƽʵϿɽͬܽķ޶ű󣬿ҪһսˣӦ׼
ܽɫأڳ˽⵽Ȼƹж
ʵʹˣȴûзôشϢʧְˡ
ϾĿǰƿصĺ硢ڱԼ涽ʵ޶ԼűӴΧȫ濪ս˸޷ֻܱȾС
û׼˶и֮Σ
ЩģַЦ˵޷Ȼȥ飬Ȼ׼ţʵϢǻ߸ҵġңҼ룬һͬ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ʵҲ˼ˣͬͬˡ֮ĴսһǧѷĻᡣ
᣿
ܽһ˲ֻǺСַҲŸոճΪһ𲻾ԶȻ֮ķ֮Уֻڼзʲô᣿
ַҲͣʵô죬Ҳѽ͡
˭뵽ڶ̶̵ļʱ;߱ϵս
һЩ׼ڴ֮˻úͻˡ˹ͬҲҪʱ׼ҪӦóʵڵĺôҲô׾ͼǵˡ
ַǼ¶һ˿΢ЦҲúúõġáԼһˡ֪λһ𣬵Ŀ£ԲֻǱô򵥡
һдʯ
ǻ𣬡롱ַ壬ַȻҲǿ
ǣַ뿪涽īƽУҵ˻Ȼ⣬Ѿ׼ַһ᷵ء
𣬵Σ
Ц˵
ɣλԣʵ˵ǳԶԶȲλļҴҵҪͬϵĻδ
ַĻû𶼺ΡƺҲ͡ϵˣַûʨӴ󿪿ڣһʺô
ʱλҲûн⡣
ֱ˵ˣһʯһǲеǿƿߣ˫֮н˾ĳɳ
ַ⣬ҲС
ĳͶлλˣ
ˣٴϣһʱˣڼġơ֮Уͬˣȡ棡


1308 ۣ
īƽڣַ塢ڽţˡԼˣǲǿƿߣԴԴϽԴ۵īƽ
ˣīƽһӱ
üһǵһû뵽κ˻һʣȻջô󡣡
ַĳԾˣΪǰ˶ѻСɽĿֲʯһΣԼΪ˽ַε£סˡѪ
д󲿷ֶʯͳͳַ壬ҲǳʮˡңιַҲȷ˻۵Ķʯһˡ
ڴսڼҪٵĿ޶Ȼַ岻һ˿иСˣҲץʱ䣬ץסһлǿʵ
һſŵĶʯͳͳ֮ɣȻ󡰳ʱַʵҲЩĵѸٵš
ԭַڳսЩʯ֡һ磬ˣַڵսһԾĵز
磬㹻ַ֧ӳ־õʩչʱַۺʵ
Ȼַʵǻ𣬿¶ַĶˣַһҪٵ޶ǿԵһǵ
ʵֻǿԱˡ
ʱ䵽ˣǸǰűˡ
ǰַ֪ͨ壬ȻַŬʵȴһֱڹעűһΣűƿʱ޵ġ
ޣȻҲܼ룬ҲһЩķ䣬ɾûôõõˡ
Ҳãȥű󿴿
ַ˵ͷҲ̳ءǣ˶Ÿеƿ𣬺ƺƵǰű
˿ֿܵκһ㲻жǿ֣ȴͬһ㣬ҲΪƴȻôƿߣ·һЩ㣬ʱ仹ܳԣҲûż
һºɵڵִűΧҲűܲŽ
ոŽ˾Ѿ֣ƿʵ̫̫ˣһһƿߣ󲿷ֶǳǿ󣬶ǸеġӢǿߡ
ңһҲټ

ԶĽУһܾ޴̤նһķײһĶٶȼ죬գۼ͵Ž
ţ
ַĲһͷޣǳڵĽޣϵϢ൱ֲѷһЩǿƿߡ
һͷǿĽײġڵĴڣǺεȿֲ
ߣ
ۿšҪײ˹漴һ͵һ䣬˲һڹ䵽˽֮ϣֹ˽ޡ
أ
ײġ͵Ĵ򿪣һϮµӣ˽УɢǿϢ
ԭǻ𣬻ȥ·
ײġӣͺӲʬһɢϢ飬ƺһҲη
ҲЦ˵㻹УֱײСһ죬ײһǲĴڣǿɾкϷˡ
ǲĴУԲǣ
ûֻͣصˡײġ֮УٴšײġɽŽСֻǣһΣվûٳײַ˵Ķ顣
𣿡
ַƺԼ˵λֻǲô˽
ԣеһλһû齨ʲôһֱǶߣ޼ɵһЩСƿеȫһաоħûж𡣡
ȻܲȻƿҲǴˣħٻһЩ٣ɳɽڵÿһ磬
һȻֻܴʵǿһһҲԸôõĻᣬȻҲˡ
ַ˼ʵ𣬽ֿһ֧ƺƵĶ飬˿˵ĶҪģҪ
𣬿һλǳ϶ǿ𡣾˵նһʮħǿһħ𡣡
ᵽʱгļɵ
𣬻Ҳ½ÿһλȻѷɫַҲЩ⣬ΪʲôҪ£ʱˡ
ԭܼ򵥣һˣǻڶһУûκƣơǿ𣬼ֱȱȽǡ
֮£Ҫáơȡ桱Ǿ̫ʵˣֻˣűΡо߱һЩ
ˣҲϽȥɡ
Ҳûٵ飬ַһµƿߣѸٵķɽŽ


1309 ͻ
ոսŽ˾͸оһǿĹѹҶƿߣҲܹܵס
űУɱ֣֮ʵ϶ܰƺÿһ϶أûпһЦ
ôôţ
ǲǳˣ
ַҲоԾˣűǡˡôӦú֣ԴԴƿ߽뵽űһصģ
ڣһ㶼ûио֣Ǻ塣
һ·޻˵һʱϵ磬űŽܲ
ַ˽磬ϣݼŸԼһλʱȴ֪ŸԼλѾ뿪磬뿪Žǰս
ԭŽôأΪͻսѾˣű󼸺ȫƿߣȥ˸ս
ŽУֻһλһŽ
սѾô죿
Щƺе㡰ʦˣǲûиϵ֮գһͱսűĸ˶ûмպȫʤα֤
ڣűУһλһΪ
ԽӴַˣϾַҲһڲͬ
ӴУַ˶⣬𣬶Ǹոոһ
Ц˵ӭλܹԶ֧ԮűĿǰ·ѾǰǰߵսҲѡսǰڴҹĵ⣬ʵܼ򵥡ÿսűһλսˡλԿɴ£ǰսսһʤܻսе棬˭Ĺʹ˭ܻ档Ȼб׼ǵűսС
˶ڳ˼
ְ취ʵ㲻϶ãҲ̫սű𣬴Ҳ⡣
οűҲΪȨΪֻҪ޶̵ħȻ档
棬ǽԼħǶĪ档
ãҲʡ̫鷳ˡжսΣǶҪ˽һѡǰ
˵
Ȼλ뿴Ŀǰűսʮ鲼޶ܣ޶Χ޶̵ķһǳңܲסߣƽߣռ޶̵Ľ򣬻ֺô͵ÿλֶˡ
һ֣ʮսλöע
űλأûս֮У
Ȼ˵ʵϣ֮ԸҲΪ˵űжûжǿɲ
Ͼ޶̽һλħûͬȲεĴǣƣܵУٶһûá
˵ǾԴűܲǧ罵٣Ϊһɨ޶̣ǲ˾Դ١ԴȻûս֮УѾֱǰ޶̵ħ磬ǣסλ޶̽ˣλԷģõ޶̽Ľ롣
ǶλԴƺʮ㡣ҹһǰ޶̵ܲǿ϶ʵ
ңȻűķ˾޴Ĵۣ;ԴٵСǧ֮УҲһаգٲõľԴ𲻵޶
һλǴڻǣƣ϶޷սⳡսʤģ˫һǿˡ
Ҿȥսɡ
ѡսȻѹ϶ģʵҲǿҲܻø档
ַһʵ˵˺Զңսۼ̫̫ǿһˣ˾ˣҲ޷͡
ˣȥսûκ塣
ѡս
գ𿪿˵ָʮսУԵһսսȻڱԵַ˵ȴʺϵġսٵĽȽ٣ɵˣҲսзӳɫռݸ档
Ŀ˻һۣ漴Ҳ˵ͷ
ٺ٣Ҳѡս
Ȼһ̧ȥȻһۣɢɭɭϢ
һʱ䣬ɫҲûʲôøУ֮ǰ˫һСͻ
ѡսκһʸѡսҪѡսҲûа취
ãǾףλ쿪ʤײ޶̣
Եú⣬λһݽͼԺ׵ҵԵս
ǣҲͲͣҴҵĸ˸Ես
ϾսѾʼ̫ˣǾʲôôòˡ
ַˣҲһʱս


1310 λԸȥ̽һ
ߣֱ겻ɢҲսҪôôûôˣǲˡ
˵
Ƕһ𣬸߸ϵǿƿߣһ֮ﻹսֵĿģս֣ͺôǰüҲţܲõ͵ÿԸԸˡ
һ϶˾һᾡŬսȡӶ档
õԣÿһλһ𶼻óеֶΡǲͻᱻõĺôһ޷̵ġ
սսҲܳһξ룬ʵξƿ˵Ҳ㳤οǴŽֻһʱ䣬Ѿս
ոսַ˾ͷƺϾȻΪսһξ룬ս޶̵Χ֮ڡ
Ҳս𲨼űΧ֮Уҽһѹ޶̵Ȼս߱ô޶̵ħҲԳֱ룬űΧ֮Удƻ
Ŀǰսûб
ӭλ𡣡
ַ˽뵽սָӲһսݣͬСһ㡣սݣԳסǿһĹһսݣ൱һݵ㡣
սߣűıӭ
ַ嶼֪ʵΪЩ⡣ϲڸ򣬻һЩУһ
ڣвٵıзƿߵĳѷУʱһЩʯЩһҪΪƿߵͨ˵ǺεȵĻԵ
ˣҲ͵
ңΪ֡áʾɱ鲼Сǧ磬УܵµıԵ
лһЩճѣΪƿߣڳΪһҲС
Ϊԭ򣬱ãűУҲǵλ⣬ʵǿȴû˸Сﱦ
Ͼ˭ܿ϶µıһλǿߣһأû˸Ҷ϶
ǣַ˶սУַҲæ˽Ŀǰս
λλǿһǰĿǰսаλһˣ֮ǰֻλһԶħ޿κΣֻռݽšڣһжͬˣǿԳһ½ս߼ǰƽ
һۻˣҲ¶һ˿ЦݡһӾλһʵ̫ʱˡ
ĻҲֻܱսķߣңǶħֶһЩһħǾ鷳ˣս߶бĿܡ
ʲô򣿡
ֱַӿʵ
ɳ򣬵ħҲͬһսɳֻǵľݵ㡣ܻ˶սٽսƽһ󲽣ո򣡡
򣿡
ǰһ֪˼һ˶ħôռ򡣰ڶűԼռݵ޶ΧڵĽ򣬶ԴչΡ
չαҲãҲգͳͳԡֻҪУϾһٵ򣬾޷ٵˣűҲɱȡѵ¡
űԸʱȷһЩ棬޶̵н򶼷ָΪ֮պЩ򣬻űģʱ䣬ָܹ
˰סĵļϾ֮ǰ˫Ƕšս·磬˵ħôöԸġ
𣬶һħ𣬴ж٣
ĵ⣬ҲؼϢ
һħֻ࣬λ֮һֱ·磬ΪԷ޶̾Ŵ֮һī𣡡
ʲôī𣿡
ôôƫƧ֮أӦȥսôս
𡢻ˣɫҲܲÿ
īǿ޶̾Ŵ֮һ޶պգλߣ󻤷Լ
ȴڣһǵУǺպϾ޶̾Ŵϣÿһλϣ޳ʮħܳΪ޶̵ĳϡ
īȻǾŴǿģҲ޳ʮħɳУǹ
սݣս᧿ΣʲôԷħսǰƽһˣǷֻǸõԸˡ
Ҳû⣬˭īţ޶ԡ
ƽ˵λ֮ǰѾԹˣīĶ֡λǺպ֪λǰȥ̽һ
Ŀַ塢ԼһһɨĿҲһ˿ڴ


1311 ƺҲôңԶ
עҪʧˣǻַ壬ֻ𣬶޶ԣûκαʾ
¼˶УոյִսһĨڣʲô֪ô׳֣
ϾԵһħ𣬲ͨħһЩһ𶼻ΣգٽҲΪ
ҾǻӦ˽һ㡣
ޱ˵
λͿԽ뱤ݵķϢ
ǣ˱ȥϢ
һʱ䣬սƽ˾ƺħҲޣһûС
ϾһʮսÿսҪãĻһսսҲܵӰ졣
սƫƧս˫Ҳ١ħһλ޶̵ĳԾѾǸˣֻҪܹסС
ʱ䣬ѾˣϽսˣǱټַ顣
õϢɳУȷֻλһΪ׵ľ޶̾Ŵ֮һīǰʱ䣬ҲιֻǼιλûռʲôˣīһˣԿĴˡ
ңЩħħΪܣҪ빥ħ磬ҲףܹγΧͲܣīڣΧħ磿ԣȷ鷳
ҲüͷΪˡҵΪ޶ΧеĽ
ֻϧս¼ѣսҪƽһǳѣ˵дջˡʮսҲ࣬һѵսע˶ʱڲֳʤпܻὩʱ䡣
ǲֻҪī𣬾ͻϴȫʤܹħ磬ռ޶̵򣿡
ַȻ˵
ţѵа취
Ŀ⣬ַ̼ϣĿǲ֮ɫ
ַ֪һιջܴʵܿ죬Ҳǲ࣬߱ǿһЩҲԲǿࡣ
īǿʮħĳ̶ֳȶԣʮħǾһƬˣȻûʵĲôţ໹Ǻܴġ
ûа취Ըī𣬲ֻһīӦܹ쵽ֻλ𣬾īһ˲Ҳ޷īشҪսһϡ
ַĻԵúܽȴһӾ뵽˵ַԸīƵʱĳ
סīƵīƵ˻ӣܹսʤīƵ
ڿַȻֶΣЩ˼ʮħī𣬶ơ
㡭аסī𣿡
Щ̫šϾȻַסīƵ𣬵īƵīǿкܴĲͬ
ʮħ൱ʮ磬˸еѹأҲֻˡ
Ӧÿһʱ䣬ؼǣһ򣬾ǻī𣬹ħ磬ܵõٺô˵ռݶٽ򣿡
ķҪģսƶȣһзȨڱС
ˣֻҪʯ𣿡
ԣֻҪʯħܲɣƾֶΡ
ֱַ˵˵ҪǶʯĶʯһЩأѾûˣʱҪȡʱַҲûʲôġ
ã̾ȥһ𣬷ģһȡ棡ڣǱҪǡ
սվ˭վֻҪܶԸīһ
ַҲλ̸н飬ȥãֻҪĵȴˡ
һʱȥڻˣһϲɫӦ̸ĺܲϾ̸ʱ䣬϶ҲǾһǹս
ôˣ
æʵǹϵ棬ɲġ
ַҲڿŻ𣬶ԷǼ΢΢¶һ˿Цݣ漴˷ܵ˵ˣ׿ڳŵǺסī𣬼̶ī𣬴ݻħ硣ôõĸǡжʯ𣡡
ʲôǷˣˣĸÿ˷ֵ򣬼ֱȹռīƽսĻһǶҪΪĻ
˷ܣޱȵ˷ܡַ壬ʵˡ
ȻҲ֪𹦲ûһʼֻԸó򣬵ڻĲиŬ£ȡĸ
ǽ綼һգ˵ʵҲһ츲صı仯
ַͬҲ⣬õĶʯʱʵȻ
ãˣ߱պī𣬹ɳħ磡
ַĿһ˿â֪һͬĻᡣ˳ôƾⳡսġܹһ죡
ƺҲôңԶˣ


1312 ɣ
սڣͻȻټһ𣬼ϱڣĿǰսڵİλһȫˡ
űһأƺд·ˡ
λ𣬽գǾҪɳڵħ緢ܹϣλܽ߾ȫɳħ磬սǰƽ
Ļ£˻ȼ޶ԣûие⣬һɻ
ôͻȻҪܹˣ
ǰǲܹôīκβˣֺοǹħˣ
ѵа취Ըī𣿡
ڣɻ󣬱ͻȻʵ̫ͻȻˣ֮ǰ˿Ҳûһס
¶һ˿Цݣ漴˵սֶλһʵңһΣǶȫϺһ˳Ӧмְջīġ
ৣ
űĻ£˵ĿͶַϡ
˭Ҳ벻һֱܵ͵ûעַ壬Ȼ˹ؼǿǶԸʮħī𰡣
¿ɲܿЦĵı֤ôˣһΣգɾ鷳ˡ
Ŀһַ壬üͷ壬ţַܶԸī
ֲΣʲôı֮ģʲôãֻоԵʵѹ;򣬸Ͳܻī
ʵǣǼ˴һ֮Ҳ޷ѹīΪīһˣܿǰˡսûκһλﵽʮϣȻ޷Կī
ţʲô˼ɺ𣬻ɱ𣿡
ܲʱȻɣϺȡսҪһ𣬻Ͳһ
ٺ٣ҿûô˵ֻôƿߣôһǲʸôģ
ĻҲеͷͬ⡣
ȷַ֮ǰԣնɱ޵֪޵ʲôûгΪһǵᱻЩгɾ͵һУ
īƵ𣬻һǿħ𣬵īƵ𣬴𶼾ǻַֻ֣ǲȥˡ
ڣȴͻȻҪַΪַȥԸīֲǣ
ɫǺ޼սڣпֱӶ֡
һ漴̧ͷַ壬Ȼлıַ֤壬ʵҲûжٰա
𣬲͸λϸ˵һ˵Ҳǵİˡ
𻺻˵ҲΣϾսֻһЭĽɫ⣬ܵҵĻԡ
Ҳġʡʵһλ߸ϵһ𣬿ɲôѺá
ַ̧ͷĮĿһȴԵúƽ˵īٰʱ䡣
ôһ俴ƽĻȴ羪һ㣬쳹˵ĶСڳλǶһһ𣬸߸ϵһ֮
Ȼַ֪仰ʲô
ܹơīʮħǿħʱ䣬ֱǲ˼顣
ʱ䣬ߴ𣬾Ϳ޼ɵĹīͻΪӡīǿܿҲһܵش
һʱ䣬ĺЩˡȻõ˻ı֤סī𣬵ƶ೤ʱ䣬Ҳö֪
һֻһ˲أȻһ˲䣬Ҳشīˣʱȣ϶ЧԶˣҲаա
̲ס׷ʵסīʱ䣿Ҳɺ⡭ʵ̫ˡ
ַ弮һȦڣȷǼ
ôһ𼮼ȴͻȻ˵ܹסīȷЩšֳϣʱַ̣岻µЦ
ַûлش𣬶ǾĿΧ
ҲĬĬĵ˵ͷͬʱҲ˷ַı֤ôλīкܴϣˡ
īǾζֿɵã
ЩһðգΪ˽
΢Цĵ˵ͷ漴˵ȻѾûˣǾ̳̤ƽɳ򣡡
̤ƽɳսҲܴʮսУսпǵһȫʤսǰƽս
ڶҲ˷һ̸Ц˸߲ҵӣʱҲûɣʱʱַ壬֪ʲô


1313 սī
СһЩ𣬿²⣬ǵýһ㡣
ַ崫Ȼ𣬵Ҳò𡣼㣬֮£϶ʲôСһЩû
ַҲμģȻҶƿߣ˻ַ岢ƿߣһ˿䱸
ৣ
һа˴һ뿪սݣڶƿߣƺƵǰɳһ·ϣûκһħ
Ͼôǿǰλīħ赲˲ͻᱻѹ촷ۡ
ˣˣ˳ĵִɳħ硣
ħ磬ӴҲ̡ܼ˸ոյͿħѾ˷ûħҪħ磬Ҫһʱ䡣
ħ֣Ǿ͸ǿˣǰλһҲúķѺܳʱ䡣ķٳʱ䣬ħ类ΧҲһջᱻơ
ˣһ˺ƺƵħ󣬴ħѾһԾħΪߣ¶ɢſֲϢħȻǱ˴ĵˣī
īĿű漴Цһôһ𣬾;еɳˣϴˣλҲһ
īƺ˿ûˣҲȷ԰ʵʵֻҪûʮֻҪǶൽ󣬶˵ʲô
ĿīһۣǼҲ¶һ˿Цī𣬽ڣҳѿ֮
ڣƾǰ˸һ𣿡
īЦħͬЦͬʱīȻ䣬ʮħ
ֲħֱգӴ
ѾīսıҲһݡʮħʵ̫ǿˣ޶̾Ŵ֮һޱȵ׺ѹ޶ϰ򣬵ݺҵʵ
ʱĿַ壬뿴ַķӦ
ֵǣǻ𣬵һīʮħƣԼεħѹơ
ʱɫͱúѿˣħħԽǿԽǿֲѹƾԽǿǰī𣬺ʾħǿħҲǿǿħ
԰һīħܡѹơסλϵʵѾ൱ֲˣһѹɣֻܷӳ߳ɵʵī𿹺⣿
ַֻ壬ƺƵᣬûܵκӰ졣
Ҫ֪ǿʮħ
ȻֶΣī𣡡
ǰһ֪ΪʲôֵַܹסīħƣⲢҪҪǣֶַΣлīôжɾкܴɹĻᡣ
֮£ֵַԽأԽǿֶԽأԽߴһġ
ַȷܵīħʮħħȷǿʵϣַܵѹʵ
ַҲսˣˣʱȻҲˮǴߡϢתʱʹԼߵʱ侲ֹīħһַߣȻʧˡ
ԵһʮħǿħַҲ˿ĵ롰ֹסīʱ䡣
ֻǼɲǣʵϣַʱѹַܴڽѹҲܴ
ַ˿һ˿â͵ǰ̤һֱī
ţİ֣һʮ綼ûС
û˵ַ꣬Ѿһͺȵʱ侲ֹ
ˣ
һεĲͷ·ˮĲһΧַԸ⣬ΧԲ˲䶼ֹߴԼħ
ȻһΧ̫㣬ʱ侲ֹǿַ̫࣬Ҳֻܴ֧ܿһ˲
ַҪԸīֻҪīôһоͶðˡʣµħ𣬻ûַʩչʱʸ
֣
ַʩչʱһ̣Ѿˡ֮ǰҲѾԼã۳ɲɣߴ𣬶Ҫַ嶯ֵһɲһ֡
Ͼַסīֻаʱ䣬ʱʵ̫ˣǴǹһ
ˣ𡢻𣬶㾡ȫƺƵ֮ޱȵĿ񱩣īϯ
һкηһ𡭡
īЦʮħ΢΢һ漴Ƭƺ𶯡
īʮûüַʱѾˣεĲ˲ϯ


1314 ش
ţǡ
ī΢΢һ漴ɫ䡣Ҳ˶ѣʱ٣īɫͱúѿôҲʮħǿħ޶̾Ŵ֮һλ᲻
͸ܵһֽ򣬾ȻӡħûħκײֱӾͽٵϣңлһ˲ΣС
ֻǣȴѾˣʱ併٣̬˼ά˲䡰ֹˣͬīƵһûκζˡӡ
䣡
ֻһ˲䣬īոձʱƣȫֹʱߴĹѾˡ
ߴÿһûгʮ磬ߴ֣Ǻܲסǣڵīֻǳ˻ӣֻܡӲ
һι֮£īûκζʮħ˲ͱߴ˺ܶ࣬һǧʧ٣ֱӾͱ촷ۡ
ֻһιˣңһЩʵûоȫǲַ֪徿ܲסīһûסǻΣˣ
ˣ
ڣī顢ħȫֹһﻹַ֪סī
ǣڶܿͽˣһΣߴûκԥȫǿޱ
ַޱȵʱ͸֧ڽһ֮Ѿһɲˡ
ڽž޴ѹԼҪٱ
ϾסһʮħħҪܴѹ
֧ţַѽȣ֧Űʱ䡣ַƴŲϧģܹ֧һʱ䣡
ûбҪһʱ䣬ַȷܹסʱڵ磬»ʧأٻʧһ롣
ʧַ˵Ѿ˼Ԫˡ
οʱ䣬ʵѾ㹻ˡ
һīûзӦڶʣµħ𣬾ȻҲûв֡
˵ֵѾˡ
֮ǰڶīʵΣԾûгֵĴ㡣īҲ˲֣˭뵽ַȻܹסīʱ䣬ī˻ӡ
䣡
ڶߴ𣬶ûκεıЩʩչطˣһīʧǧħ
֮ǰһǧħīڶ̶̵ʱڣһӾʧħħֻʮħ
ڣһħֻʣħǿ󣬵ħȲַ
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صħеīƺЩ£ħ֮ĽУַӰ
ڸղţȻ˼άֹˣȫƣʲô¶֪
£̫ˣ⵽ʲô򣿡
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ڣֻʣħνʧءԵʧҪ֪öá
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Ƕ֪Ϊʲôһңս޲ʤī𣬽ôͶҰأ
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īɫҲֻܡءˡܿ䣬ܡ뵽˴˵һº󣬻Цˡ
ңҪǣڵսһпǵһս½ҲĲ
ڣīֻĬĬĵȴԮĵûԮīҲûκε


1315 ħ磬زסˣ
⡭ǲ˼顣
ǻī𣿡
īʧأҲֻܶħڹУҳѾвˣֻҪܹƿڹǣǾʹȫʤˣ
УīǱӴܵģƺЩšǿī޶̾Ŵ֮һ
ôͰˣһܵң
˵Ŀⶼַ壬ɫʮءǺղܹ֮ȫʤī𣬿ľַǣסī
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֧緢ڻīôħԼɳ򣬾׽ֻҪƾˡ
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Щ㵣漴ЦƺͲںķֻ̣żһ˿âԵЩ졣
ˣһսַ塰֮ħ类ƣսǰƽܴʮս
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ҲһʩչƺƵ֮Ϊһֻƣħݺݺȥ
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ַԽǿôҲܻø档
ıַϵܣ붼û뷨ַʵѾǿˣīưʱ䣬ѵַܶʲô취
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ַʱֹͣ˹ߴ𹥻Ѱħ㡣ħ磬һ֣·εħ磬ÿι־ͬ˭Ĳһ˷ɢ
ħķԱ˵Ĺʵһʼûгħķսݲͬ
սݲҪƿ߽֣ͷˡħ磬Ҫħ֣Խǿħ֣ôħԽǿ
һطʱתǲǾתûпʱߴֻ֮Ҫ˺ħһӣʣµĻף
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Ŀǰʹģʱ侲ֹʱ侲ֹޱȵ档ַ˲֮أԽնС
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1316 䣡
ˣˣ
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1317 ΪѰ·
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𣬺ˣһģߵĹȻһûк𣬴빥ħ磬ʱ䣬οҪī𣬹⿿𣿺ο֮ǰΪΪ˶֪
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һַ̣ͷԼֳһƬ޴ĽͬʱεĽ򲨶ת˲ţ˲䳯ϯȥ


1318 ն
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һһ˰ţаʱ䣬Ŵ󲿷𣬶Ӧýе硰ѹΡһ顣
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Щ򣬳ˡСͷûбϡ


1319 ʮŶʯ
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һռһǧ붼룬˵һǧˣһһ𶼱ռݡ
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ռ˶ʮŶʯǺεȵĿֲ
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浽ǸʱַʵʱʱӡǣǶֺξ֮У


1320 ʱ䣡
Ǿ̰ɣ
ַûκԥڽ֮һʮŶʯȫڽ֮У֮˲佫ĸЩʯ
ܿ죬һſŵĶʯͻΪ˻ҳƮɢڽ֮УвһЩƷʵĶʯܲһǶʯҲǿԳǧĸƷʶʯ
ڶĶʯû֮һ֡͡ĸо⻹ϴһǶʯ󣬻֮С͡ĸо
ڣ֮С͡ĸоҲ˵һεĶʯǷǳ֮ࡣŶʯһһɣ֮Ҳʼһһ硣
Щ磬ֱַŲƽУֻڽ
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ַ𾪵ĿǰһĻֱ飬ַڽ֮Ужʮϡ
˵ʮŶʯ㡰˳ʮ磿
ʮ磬磬Ҳջʮ磬ַʵ̫СĶʯ
Ȼ֮֮࣬ɹתΪתҲߵþˡ
ǿ
ַ֣һ֣еĽƺһŤ˱ܡ
⻹ֻһ֣ý˱ܣǺεǿǿһ̶ȣǽ򣬿Ҳ޿κΡ
֮ǰַ廹ǲסЩ
ڿˡǿ˶̶ֳȣַʱǿʮٱҲ޷κεһλܡ
һ򷨣ǿһ̶ȣܹ˺һй򣬾ʱҲ⡣ַīγɵĽסʮħīħ
סħħǻϾǳˣʱ
ⲻַһݣʱҲܵģ޵еġ֪ǿһ̶ȣôʲôʩϣʲô壿
ַڽ򣬼һʱ䡱磬һԾӵ˶ʮ磬ǺεȵĿֲ
ī𣬵Ҳֻʮħˣ޶̾Ŵ֮УʮħϵĴڣҲֻȼˡ
󲿷ֶʮصʮħ֮䡣
ڵַģī𣬾㲻ʩչʱҲܻī׽նɱ
мʮʱ䣬ܻŶʯ
ַҲżÿʱỵ̈пܵʯʱڣԴԴϵĵõĶʯ
ȻʱƣʱһַȻ½õŶʯ֮ɣֳһ硣
ַﵽ˶ʮһ
һֲ֣޶Уַ嶼ھŴ۷Ĵڣ
ʱѵ
ַ۾ֻѾ뿪˽򣬻ص˽С
ԵúܸˣҲջķᡣ˷ܵ˵Ȼսʵûᣬʱ䣬Ҿ磬Ŀǰ磬Ѿﵽ
ҲࡣҲⳡսﵽʮʮҲǲܣ
Ҳܸˣλһ𶼰Ͳס˿̼飬жô˷ܡ
ʵҲ˷ܣ̶̰ʱ䣬磬ٶȣֱľأҲˡ
Ƕнյջ񣬶ַˣǵĸûκǣ׵ַŽһġ
ţֻҪʤֻҪַ壬ôܹõĺôԻᳬ
ɳɣѾʼٻˡ
ַ嵭˵˵ĴѶʯѾǱĴѶϢʱһջʱҲͽˡ
սʱ䣡ͬҲǻʱ䣡


1321 ɱ˱ǣ
ɳսݺبڽ֮СƿߣѾ½½սݣߴ磬ƿҲܷһٶڽлһЩôٵʵ
һЩħ©֮㣬Ҳƿ׷ɱնħʧȥħ磬Щ©֮ħһնɱǾ
ԭ޶̵Ľ򣬶̶̰ʱ䣬ѾȫȫƿߵΧһħĺۼ
˿򶼳ֳһƬԻ͵ļ󡣵ȴһ˵ģûУ쳣ء
ߴ𶼻صսݣгϢսű˲Ұܣλһ䡣ڼʱ֧Ԯűսܡ
һݣϢν
ȻʮսΪսʵϣʮսҲһ𣬱˴֮䶼кϵս֮أǳĹؼһսôܿܲʮս
ңսӰǳ֮󣬱ϾսνڻűΪǿ𣬶ս
ǿսȻһҰܣˣֱЩԽܡ
ˣôܣ
նɱʮħǿô䣿
ս˺εȲҰܣˡ
ַڣܺ棬ҲЩġսܣܿʮս̣Ӷⳡս
ⲻַԸ⿴ġ
ʮϵ䣬űʿȷһشĴϾսȻʤҲֻǻī𣬶ûնɱīս䣬ǲᲢ۵ġ
ҷģսѾʱȶסˣ˫˽ֽ׶Ρս¾Ͳ̫ˡ
ţ⣿
ڶֽĿ˱սȶסˣôսΣˣ
ս˽֣˫˭Ҳκβ˭ˣܹһЩǰս֧ԮսǰЩӿǳ˷ͷǰƽôֻ࣬޶̾Ŵ֮һī޶ô޶ã
ˣīңλħ𣬷ֱѪԴһߴħ𣬳ս
£ڶɫ͵΢΢һ䡣ī𵹲ʲôѪԼԴǿ޶̾Ŵеλ
Ѫ𣬾ʮһħ۷ʱڵīҲ࣬īǿҲǿޡ
Դͬ޶̾Ŵ֮Уʵŵǿʮħһʵǿ󵽼㡣
˿ֲħǰһʱ䣬Ļ̻̣⻹Ǵֲ
޶ڣսεֵȻ޶ܹǲԮսֺβԮ
԰Ҳ֧ԮսҲǿߣ޶̵ĳϰɣ
Դһ֮ɫǿħսʤī𣬵ڻԴǿߣڶûκε
̾һβ֪֧ԮڵõϢҵһʱѾ֧ܲԮˡսȻǽ֣ʵ޶ռһЩϷ硣ܹǰűȴ޷ٳǿǰˣսпصޣٶܡ
ʲôû֧ԮʲôֵԴ𣿡
ǰûԮֻ
ǻѡ뿪
Ƕ׷׷˿Ƕ뿪ͷսȻܺãں̵ܶʱڣٻô磬ʵٶҲǳ죬ʡȴĿޡ
ٶ棬Ҳ޷Լȣ֪УǸͲѡ
Ҳҡҡͷʵܲ˼ƾսݣסս㳷ҲУս
Ҳ˲ʡ
ǺòײŽսƽɳ򣬺òײռ򣬺ôĿõģȴҪóôģ
ֻǣƱǿ֮£ǲòЭĻѵ治Դƴ
ֻصĻƺҲûһϣűսݣͦǿģ⿿һԴ𣬲֪Ҫ೤ʱܹսݡ
һЩҲԥˡ뿪ԺҲٲⳡսˣôõĻᣬɾ̫ϧˡ
ֻصĻƺҲסһѡأ㲻ᱻƣҲٵõʲôôս޷ǰƽá³õ
ʵһ취
Ȼһֱû˵Եúƽַ壬ڣ˵Ŀ⡣
īҲãѪҲգǻԴɱ˱ǣ
ַƽ͸¶˼ȴĿɿڴ׷ײĿǣַУ͸¶һǿĵ
ѵܻܻԴ


1322 ʮһ𺳣
Ŀһַ壬ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ𣬻ԴɲīȻǾŴ֮һʵȴܴ󡣡
֮ѾˣַסīȴһסԴ𡣺οɳУī⣬ֻλһǵ𣬶սռžԵƣǳ䲻⣬ܹشī
һοɾȫһˣԴ϶͵ϮðʧңһλԴλһǵϣѷɫսסһɲǣҲûлṥ
ˣػҲΨһİ취
ַ忴һ۱ȴҡҡͷһԴˣ޷˻Դ֮󣬲Ҫϸá
ܻԴ𣿡
ַĵҲǿЦӣҲ̲סѵַܹܻԴ
ֻ룬־ò˼顣ܻԴ𰡣ǵϣҲ޼¡
Ȼַô˵ô͵ı
˻Դ֮īҲܻܵĻôǾֱܳ룬뵽ɫɫȻûʲôǿ򣬵һħȴ٣ң޶̵ĸءһɫôʮ򣬶ǵƿ֮¡ܶսɾ޴Ӱ졣
ԽԽ˷ܣϸ޶ڵ
ɳ򣬽ֻǵһߣȻ޶Ҳʮս󲿷ħ䵽ʮս֮С
ʣµĸ֮Уûжħء
ɫ򣬻޶̸һˡһͻߣʮʮ򣬶ƾǳ۳ҡ
ػص޶̵ĺ󷽣ս޶̵ķһӰʵ̫̫ˣܵ춨ⳡսʤ֮
ΪˣŻǳѣ޶̵ĻԴѪ𣬿ɲôöԸģκһս׶ԸܹͲˣ˵ܶԷ
ַû˵ƽű
ã·Щ⶯پЩţǵһʣǣʵûаգ
ֻһԴһ߰˳ɰա
ַû˵̫߰˳ɰգҲʵñһϴΣַһ˶Ըī𣬶ʮǿҪİһ𹥻īܻܶԷ
ַһ˾ܻܻԴôЩ̫ʵ
ƺ뵽ʲôʱ䣬ѵַͲܽ
ðһ䣬ڽжٸˣ
Сʵ
ʵǺܲòʡʱͻһλƿڵǼ;ƿʵ
ÿһλƿߣǾԵܣֻܴŵжϡ
ַһųش࣬ʮһˣԸԴӦô´ˡ
ʲôʮһ磿
𼸺ַҲûκѹƣΧλҲַĻش
ǻ𣬶ǻһһ˼ı顣
ʵַ֪ռʯӦĳⷽöʯǿʵ
û뵽Ȼӵô졣
֮ǰַڽҲŽֻˣѷɫһ
ڣ̶ַ̰ʱ䣬ȻѾԶԶݵ˱֮ϣҲԶڳκһλ
ٶȣѾţǻˡ
һʱ䣬ַɫ˾η⣬һ˿˿ĺĽô̵ʱڣַܴ磬ʮһ磬ôģ
ַأ
ûѯַ壬Ƕˣַܣϵַ֮ǰڷʱֻѡҪʯ
һʱ䣬λԼµˣַ֮ô죬ºЩĶʯѲϵ
Σ
ַѾĲ²ˣʮһ磬ټʱѾַ塰ӡ󲿷һ
٣սڣûַɵ
Ҳ֪սлȡ޴棬ôͳ綼ᱩ¶¶籩¶¶¶Ҳַеĵ
ãȻţҵȻȫϺܻܻԴڵĹôǾܳʤ׷һٹɫ򡣵ʱ޶̵ĸأŤתսơ
һʱ䣬Ժж·ֳһӴĽǿɾζţǿԻô硣
Ϊ棬ȻԸաοַ壬Ҳġ
ԺľΣҲ޶̷εŭ
ֻҪܻԴ𣬹ɫȻܻþ޴ĺôðҲֵˣ
ǣ˶ʼ׼ڵѵ״̬ҲڵǲΪպɫ׼


1323 ԴѾܾˣ
쵽ɳˣ
īѪԴһͬǰɳη޶УûܵͷΪ֮ʣΰĽҲ
īȴʱŴ֮λˣҲ˵Ŀǰ޶ֻ̽а˴ϣīֻͨһħ𣬵λǰͬն
һУսλ𡱸ġ
īѾơסܿ䣬ʧصǺһһ
λһȴԾ˿ͷڶһħеЦ̸ڻԴǰīҲûĵԵ÷ǳǫ
ī𣬵ô棿
ȻԴī𿪿ʵ
֮ǰīѾ㱨ˣٽɳǾעҪλصĺ𡣻ԴȻ˽ǿħҲ֪֪˲ܰսʤ
īһݣæشԴǧСǸʵ̫ˣһ˲ܳ׽סң˼άûа취κȫƾħӲˣܵôң
뵽īжһ˿ߺޡ
ܽʱ䣬˼άסκ磬ƫƫֻ㻹Ҫö࡭˼𣬲򵥣ϣдܰ
Դ˸һ˿˿âҪȫסһλʮħĵжôѡ
ʵԶǿīҲ޷סī𡣵һһȴܽסī
ͺܲѰˡ
ٴΣڻ̫Сˣ磬ٴܣٹֶζ޼¡Ҳʲô׼һѹˣѹȥˣ
ī΢΢һ㶣ΪԴҪʲôƲߺֶΣû뵽ôֱѹôֱֶ
תһ룬ԸֻδɳĶ֣ĻҪʲôֶıѹ;
ʲôֶΣھԵǰͬӰûκô
ǻԴǲҪѹ𣬵õϵܣҪݻսһѩǰܣ
īҲͬˣ̲סЦ
ˣǰɳ򣡡
ȻԴ۾΢΢һУѾɳ

ˣˣ
أڲ
òǿǻԴѪλǻԴ𣬸Ǻպ޶ŴжŽǰ
ǿĴڣսսٴС
𲢲ΣգΪγַ⣬ͳͳսС˫գַˣսڣҲܴݵȥս̡
ַֻһˣȴҪӦԻԴߴħַӦ
ɻҲɻڵġ
Ϊš
һҪܻԴ𰡣޷ܣҲһҪסԼҪģԺɽǡ
ڷǳַ壬ʤԼֻиַ壬ܹԴԴϵĻȡ־޴档
и󵨵ͷսͽ˳ײˣַ峹װһ
ˣַܹ壬ַİΣҲպܹﵽĸ߶ȡ
Ҳͬˣ˿սУϣַʧܵˡַսܣҲһҪսҲϧ
ӵַֻ˰ˡ
ַһ˵ζͱս֮УҲվַߣַеһЩѹ
ֻǣǻǱǶַġ
ʵϣַʲôѹ
ûѹһ˿˿˷ܡԴѪǿɶһǵ
ַУЩǴ籾ԴѸٵʵ
һΣַīܻܣ޷նīħ޷ŲƵڽУתΪ籾Դ
ڣѾһˣҪܣҪնЩħһΣ١Щħˡ
ǣַһ˾վɳ֮ĽУ˫֣һ˶Եúܳȡ
ಣ
ڣԴ˵ˣڿַһ̣˶ͣ
ī̲ס𣡡
īַ֮ǣڷߺ޵ͬʱȴһ˿η塣
ৣ
ַ۾Ŀһɨȴն˻ԴϣûмԴ𣬵ȴһ۷ֱԴ
ϾǹϢʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣַǿߣ
ԴѾܾˣ
ַ屳˫֣߰ͷĿƽ·ڡӡŻԴߴ


1324 Ըǣһӣ
ţһˣ
ԴЩ⣬׼ԾԵʵѹַ壬ѹսʲôıֶΣͳͳá
ڣȴƫƫַֻһǰ˶û˿ӰûԴ
ѵʲôı
ֻǣıھԵǰʲôã±˾ܣҲûκô
һ
ԴĿһӱǼΪħһ¶ģͲٸġ
Ըǣһӣ
ַ嵭˵ƺ˿Ҳǰߴ
һΣб˸㣬һᱻǻܣ£ֻǹȥʱ䣬٣Դ𣬲֣˾ܻܴˣ
īɫѾŤַ֮ǣڿַֻһˣȻ뱨ѩޡ
Դȴҡҡͷɫص˵ˣʨӲȫҵǰΪ˱ѩޣΪ˻սȻˣһ˻ʮˣʲôıֶΣھԵǰͽ͡ԣеһ֣
һ̣ԴѸٱ˿ֲƣһӴħبڽȵС
䣡
ǻԴ𣬻ѪīȵȣһߴħͳͳʩչħûһֵĴ㣬ȫǱħؽַһնɱ
ַϻܣԴȴСκˡᾡȫնɱַ塣
𣬽վڣ
īӴħںƺƵĻصţȡ
ַ忴һ۶ߴ𣬸ħÿһħСǰַ廹Σգ߶ѣܼʱӡǡ
ڣַȴҡҡͷĿзһ˿â
ߴúã
ַûдͷ͵ĸֳһ磬ӴĽ֮ƺƵϯȡ
һη籩һ㡣
ɱ
ַʩչڽһ˲䣬Դˣǿ׼ʱȫַ嵱ͬȲεĴڣûһ֣ʮؿֲħһȭ㳯ַ
һȭ̫أַ壬ž޴ѹȭܲɳɳ
ԻԴֲεĿ´ڣǴ˺һ򣬸˵ȫһˣһನԽƻ
οһֵͬĻ֮һԴ𣬻Ѫīͬʱ֡
Ѫħͷ·ɢ޾ѪϢһǵأû
īʵҲȻܵشҲħ
һַ̣δܵѹλħһʮħĿֲħ
ַӵжʮһ磬ʵҲž޴ѹ
Ҳ˶ѣһѹַ廹ûзϡĿģҪնɱߴߴַУǾ֮Ҫȫն
䣡
һַ̣ڽڳױˣûκأƺƵϢ˲ϯסߴ
⡭ǣ
ܣôôǿϢֱϢ
Ƕ磿ţ򣬾Բʮϣ
ʮ򣬶Ƕʮϣ
һ̣˭û뵽ַͻȻ֮䱬ôֲʮϰʲô
޶̾ŴϣֻǰߣӵжʮħϡԴҲӵжʮħ˶೤ʱ䣿
ʮϰ
ַأ
īûǣַֻ磬ʵԲҵʱַҲʵ֮£סī
Ǿ˵ַֻ磬ڣŽȥʱ䣬ַ磬ȴѾﵽ˶ʮϡٶȣֱ˼
ʱ䣬ӵʮ磬ʵ̫ˣ̫ˡƽʱ˵ʲôī𡢻Դ˶š
ǶǵҲǺķ޾ʱ䣬𽥻ۣճΪ˶ħ
ôʱ䣬ôࣿ
ܣܣ
һ̣Դٻɣ϶ַдܣ֮ԶԶ
ʮַ壬ַ
ԴǳսթöʮħĿֲڲַӵ˶ʮ֮Ȼһʱ˷Ӧ
ӣӴܣ
ûԴԻ𣬾ȻһʱӴܡ
ԵѪī𶼺ܲ졣
ţ
ַҲû뵽ԴȻôֻǶʮ磬Ƕ磬ߴ֣ܸвġ
ٱԴȴΪߣ
ԴһӣַļƻصĿ꣬ɾǻԴ𣬱Ͼӵжʮħַˣ
ʱ侲ֹ
ʱһεĲ˲併٣գۼߴϣԴҲ⡣
ߴͬʱʱֹˣŸָƣͺ񱻡̶˽Уʮֵġ족


1325 նߴ
ַɫ΢΢Щףһӡֹߴ𣬶ĸ̫أжʮһ磬ַǿࡣ
ߴַҲȫס
𣡡
ַʩչʱһɲǣѾжˣ磬͵סߴֱӽߴȫ뵽ڽС
أ
ڽУӴ֮ʮһ磬̺жôֲοߴĻᶼûУסֹסˣֻܿħӲ
Դܿסһɿס
ʱһ𡭡
ħʵͿסַڽ֮ѹ˲Ϊ˾籾Դ֮ɡ
ͬʱīҲֻǶ֧˼ɲǰˣ漴Ҳ֮촷ۡ
ߴת˲ֻʣѪԴҲʵǿ֧ʱǿġ
ѪȵȫʢʱڵīҪǿһ㣬ʮһħңûַ壬Ѫʵκս࣬ܵһս
ַǰѪǵ˴ù·ǡһǿҲǿԴ
ַʮһѹȻû֧̫ʱ䣬ʮһħҲ׷ױˣΪ籾Դ
ֻʣһԴʮħȷͬһ㣬ֻǣΣַڽ򱾾ǿڻԭˣʱ侲ֹ󣬶ڽĸأҲ֮ǰԸīܱ
ַ廹ֺܼܳһʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ַȫ֮ݺݵĺīϡ
䣡
һԴʧħϾַʮһȫһǺεȿֲ
ûʱ侲ֹ湥ַĶʮһҲ˿·硣ȻսַҲһ˲䣬Էħ
䣡
ǵڶħ
Ļ
ԴħѾʣ޼ֻħˣʧ˾ųϣԴȴɱֹţûѹ
ʱ̫ǿˡ
ַ嶼̲ס̾ʱЩʵҪħƿ˵ʵ̫ˣַԳ׽Էֹõ˳Ϊӡ
ԴöʮħħҲ޿ӣıÿһħӲѹ촷ۡ
ַһָ
أ
Դħ˲𣬻Ϊ촷ۡĻۣ˲ɿգԴûħиȴҲ۷ʱڵĻԴˣһħˡ
ʱսУһţĿתĶַ塣
϶¶˽šԼһ˿˿ڴ֮ɫ
ַһڽԴߴһӡ̡ڽУ̲סһ
ôд󣿾ȻԴ˶ڽһԷڽ˾޴ƻ˲ݻڽ򡣡
ʵ̫дˣǿǻԴ𰡣ֻлԴǵҲˣؼѪīˣһ䰡
ѵоԵİգ
ڶû̫ĵַ֪ӵжʮһ磬ܺ𺳣ʮһ磬ʵҲԴƾаˡ
ֻлԴһˣôַעһԴ뵽ڽУпնԴħģҲҪһĲʹۡ
Ѫīһߴʲôݣսݶһ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䣬οַڽ
һλһڽǿһ㣬ͬʱҲһ㣬򲻵ѣû˻ȥðսǿĵ˾ڽ
ַȴôˣоԵİա
ѵǺֶΣ
һ˵ַԸīʱܳ׾ֹסīʱ䡣
ֶΣñ񶼼̣޷
ֶַΣܸǿһЩסԴôߴҲȷʲô
뵽Լһ
ֶʵ̫죬̫£סһʮħħѾ൱ֲˣοסһʮħħڵߴ
ζţ֮ͬ£ַѾ޵ˣٶ࣬ҲֻͲˣκβַ塣
ңֶַֹ֡ΣƺЩĳֽ򣬶ǻڽĳɳ
պַڽ򲻶ϵĳɳġֹֻʲôĿ³̶ȣ
ѾҼˡ
ৣ
˲ɲʱͻȻһֱ۾һַ壬͵۾


1326 ̡ħ磡
ַ۾𣬶ŵĿַ壬ڽս˸Ϳ
ַû䣬ǺϢ
ˣ
ַսݣ˹ȥ
ಣ
𣬶һʱ˹·ЩƵġ
ȫˣ
ˣߴһ⣬ȫն𣡡
˻
ַĻñ̲סһǿߴ𰡣ллԴѪ޶̳ϼڡ
īôַһΣһ֮նɱ޶ϣҲǰ޹á޶ԴӴûйô޴ʧ
սĶԿϣ޶̶ռϷ磬˭뵽޶̻սƫƧս﷭ʧأ
˶֪һսζʲôֻҪٹɫôǰһƽ޶̵Ľ򣬿۳ҡ
Ƕô޴棿
𣬸֮ǰļƻҪٵʱˡǰɫ򣬴ɫħ磬ʱ򣬾͸ƾֶΰɡ
ַ嵭˵пʵȴնɡ
һɫǾ͸÷ˣΪܶܶ࣬ǰһƽֻҪеֱӵ޶̵ܲ
һʱ䣬ĶޱȵĻȡ
ԣȥɫ򣡡
ǰѾûʲô̫ǿˣ޶̸սҲ鲻֣һɫʲô
һɫ򣬵סǣ
ÿλĳȣʵǰ̫ˣ֪նԴ˲ǹؼؼն˻Դˣ޶̾ûԮˡɫ򼸺Ǵ׵ĸһɫ򣬾ûʲôֹǡ
ߣ
ַһȣһʱ䳯ɫȥ
ɫ򣬾ɳʵңԶɳĵڶߣͬʱҲһߡֻΪԱʱ֮ˡ
Ͼͻɳķֵܵס֧Ԯħǿߣɫʲôã
ڷ;УַڽȴȻű仯
һնߴħÿһħħһ㣬ת籾Դֱൽ¡
ô籾ԴҲַĻ֮»ָˡʼ硣
ַչ˶ʮŶʯвһЩƷʶʯǰתʽҲܳٶʮʮ硣
磬ʵҲҪ籾ԴģȻĵıȽ٣ôඨʯô磬ĵ籾ԴͺӴˡ
ַ˴籾ԴԴԴϵ籾ԴӦˣ֮ͿԺ޹ǣġˡ
ңַ廹ֱʱ٣óѸٵͣΪһ磬ʱ߱սǿַ
ַѾָоһΣġءˣ޶̿϶ôĿǴսֱ롣
޶̾䶨ˡ
ڤڤУַƺеصϢ֪һΣʲôΣգ֪ڱʵᣬʵҪġ
ǣʱ֮£ַڽ򣬷磬ңڼ̵ʱڣͬһ㣬ð˳ʱ£ѸٵĳΡ
һ
ԴԴϵ籾ԴӦ֮£ַҲڷţʱ٣ڽ򣬾ͬڵˮպһ㣬ÿʱÿ̶ڷš
ٶȣַ嶼ҪƿزסĸоȴûͣȥԺʱڡ
ڿǹؼʱ̣޶̻ûзӦȡȡ档ⳡսһǧѷĻԻַ岻
ಣ
ܿ죬˾Ѿɳ򡣶ɳħ磬ҲӴַ嶼Ӧ˼һħ
Ҳ˶ѣûʲôַУͲֵһᡣʱɫħеħƺûзӦ
ַѾɫŷŭֻѾ޼¡
ףīƵ
ȻһϤӰȻǵīƽߵīƵ𣬾Ȼɫ
ô죿
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ַʵѾǿƺһΣȻսɱ֣ȴҪʾŶַء
ʵΪ𣡲ħƿҲˣַǰһϵеı֣Ѿס
ַ۾΢΢һУ漴ҪħתΪ籾Դ籾Դλû飬ɫħ磬ĳˣɫ֮ĽλոֻҪʯ
Ӵħ磬ַûпֱ˵ʾҪ̡ȷҪ籾ԴĻٶĶʯҲûáû籾Դ֧ţͳ硣
һħˣ֮ǰҲûаʲôæնԴħȫħ磬Ӧ¡
ԣǶû顣
һս׹ħǺĽ
ַҪ̡ħ磬ûκηԣȫʾͬ⡣һħˣɫ֮ǿǴΪһħ磬ַ彻
ˣҲֵַһ顣
ˣĳͲˣ̣
ַҲٿǰ޴ħ磬ʩչڽ򣬾ͬһŴһ˲һڡ̡¡


1327 Ź㣡
쿴ƿߣôͻƵ
ãƿߵڽһ̵ǵħ硣
λ𣬵ס
ħ˿ѾҳһţַĽһ٣ħлмһħ𣬶׷ʩչħͼסַĽ
ֻϧȴͬ۵һû˿ôַĽһӴͬѩڻ㣬Щħħ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ʵ̫ˣ
īƵֻĿַڽ£Ѿ˳ǰˣīƽĺ
ɫһƣŹ㡭
īƵֻЪ˹ŭţ漴ҽһַڽס
䣡
ַĽ£һж䶨ħ类ڽУ³֪϶Ѿ׷׻Ϊ촷ۣתΪ籾Դˡ
Ҿϣλŵԣʯ
ַ忴һ۱𣬳˵
Ȼ
ģҵÿһ꣬һΣһжʯ
𣬱ලǵġ
ڶ׷ױʾԻ϶ʯŶʯ˸¶⣬ûʲôôһЩرƷʵĶʯһǶʯϡ
ĶʯôУҲͱħչˣһǶʯħ˵ҲĳЩƿ߽籾Դˡ
ַħ磬ϥԭأ˾ַǣ׷ǰ
ɫǰߣǾһƽԳֱ룬ûʲôħ򣬻ȡ
ַ廹Ǵ޶̲ôưոݣǲҪ̫ˡ
һַ֪ΪǺãҲ˵ͷȻģҲҪС
Խǵʱ̣ԽܵΡ
Ż𡢱뿪ַܶڽУȴһ㶼ûаԽԽˡ
˭Ҳ֪˿ڽУкַ츲صı仯
һħ磬ֻ˴籾Դټʱ٣ڽгҲԽԽࡣ
򡢰򡢾ʮ
̶ʱڣڽе磬Ѿʮ򣬴ﵽʮһ磡ֻǿʼԶԶûнڽھҵķš
ˣˡ
ַţһǧѷĻᣬץסͬʱҲ֪ΣҲ١
ʱΣǿʵǿʵ


޶ܲ޶ǣ
޶ǣκһκν֮ڣڽ֮Уܻ
޶޶ֵ죬֮ǿţһһǵ𣬸޷ħ硣
˿̣ħڵħأȴ˲
һħħиˣΪ׵ļλǿһǵ𰡣޶̵ĳϡ
ԴϡѪϡīϣ㡭ô
ħصħѾ״ˡţǿһ𣬶Ҳֹһλλλ޶̵ĳϡ
ݣһսǴ´࣬ôᱻնħòħи
ûйãħһ춯һΣħˣֱȱȽǣħء
Ѿ˳ЩħɫħмλħôһӶħˣ
ѵɫһˣ
ħҲоҲ֪ɫһߣһǾһƽŰˡ
£ЩƿŰǼֱһѣܻӰ쵽ս
Դɫеһǵ𣬲ʮһħ𣬱նħֱ޶ǰδеش
ԴһĻһ֪ɫ϶ǱˣҲһǸ
̫СǸˣĽʱ䰡
Դ̲ס̾һڣЩ¡ûʲôĵ뷨ķڷ
ʱ򰡣ںԨǧ磬ǿƣнΰڣҲû˵˭ʱ
ȴһһϡ
ȻԴҲҿ϶ġʵ顱ļʶǰ˾Ųʮ
Ǽпʱ
֮ǰ²⣬ַϿоܣû뵽Ȼʱ
磬Īʱʵ̫ˣԼնħԭ򣬶ַӵʱˡ
ңַûʱ򣬵ԴҲ˵ַӵʱΪɽΨһˡ
򣬽ɲһѾնħħֻԼСֵŻᱻϣӶٴĻᡣ
ȥ
Դ¶˾ģʱĴڣѪ𶼲һֻ֪ż˵ˣǸܣκˡ
Ȼ޶űеĶսԭ֪޶У޶µһ߷
ǣԴٶȣ޶ħȥ


1328 Ŷʯ
ʲôʱİء
ħһۣ߸ϣ·꺮ߣ͵۾ԣҲ޷򶨡
ǧȷһʱ򣡡
ԴĵͬʱȴСΪ롰šǰλֲĴڣ޶̽ħǰ͸ášˡ
Ψţܽٲ´ħʼˣлָϣ
СȻǶ޶η塣޶ϲŭ޳ǻԴȫʢʱҲ״ŭ޶οڣ
޶۾·̺أԴ𶼲ҿһֻۣܵͷ­޶ķ䡣
ʱذǿʱءǽҲ޷ʱأȻһһϣȷ˲õĻԵҲգԳ֣ǸַƿߣһоͶˡ
޶վħ𶯣ħ綼𶯡޶ǣħ磬ǿһͿ
ˣ޶ҲСĽصһ߷޶֮УΪԷһ
ȻֻǷ߷Ҳǧħ
⻹޶ڷϷ̫ı޷Ӧűеλˡ
ǧħԺɨһˣ
ԴǸƿߣʱأָػ۷壡
лͣ
Դдϲصǰݼ޶ôһܣΪܹػ۷壿
˵ҪԴػ۷壬۳ʮħܺѣܡ
Ը߸ϣӵһڶħ޶˵ȴֵһᣬ־ûԴػ۷塣
ˣǸַɫ򣿡
ԣӦɫ򣬱Ͼɫոձƣ
޶û˵ʲôǳ૵ЩűϹһֱҵ߷һκζضһʱӶֹ
޶зűȻҲӦ֮޶һֱûжҲˡ
˶űҲӲ
ţˣȻ໨һʱ䣬ۣ˦űǸϹʱذ޷յʱأһҪõ
޶Ӱ΢΢һΣ˲Ѿʧħ

ʯʯ
ַû뵽̶һʱ䣬ʯͱʵ̫ˣֱѻɽԹһ£жʮŶʯϡ
УһЩƷʵĶʯ⣬ҲŽֻǵһˡ֪ʱƣ϶ܹҵԽԽĶʯ
Ǵջ񣬱Ͼɫ֮󣬾һƽȫ޶̵ĸأʮӴһ㣬һ㣬ʮ
ӴĽṩĶʯȻ١
ַȴҲûżɣ֮ǰɵĶʯõ˴籾ԴѾȫ硣
ʮŶʯ㳤ʮ磡
ַڽе磬Ҳ˳Ĵﵽʮ
ⲻɲַڤڤƺֽȸУʵ̫ˣɫ򱻹ƣѾû˷ߣֱһƽƿǳ۳ҡ
սƿǣɲһ𣬸һµڶƿߣҲͬЩ򣬷նɱħŸԴ
ôʱ䣬޶̾Ȼûκζʵ̫ˡ޶̣ĳ鲻֣Ҳһ㶯ûС
ʵЩˣֵַģǷǰƽ޶ֵ̱ԽƽôķӦһԽңԽ
ˣַҪץʱ䣬ѸǿʵᣬݺݡչΡһȻԺܾܿûôõĻˡ
ַֻҪ޶̵λô޶̾ͲܣܣҲһͿأĻᣬչΣܿҲһλˡ
ʱƣƿУַչ˴ĶʯھͨƿߣƺҲַ֪ҪĶʯ
ǣһЩƿҲͶãַʾãչ˴Ķʯͳͳ۵ַǰ
̶ʮʱ䣬ַǰĶʯȻѾﵽ˰ţ
һŶʯ
ַ˰Ŷʯ󣬶ʯչٶѸټӦƿѾʮͳͳѹһ飬㻹УҲ̫ˡ
ǰһŶʯַĿޱȵĻȣ˴ħħ̡ˣ籾Դ档
ˣַҲ֪ܷ֧ϰŶʯġ硣
ΣַѾõҪģǣַûκԥ֮һЩʯͳͳ뵽ڽС
̡
֮·Ϊһž죬жʯ͵һ¡


1329 һֻư
䣡
Ŷʯʲô
ַ嵽ΪֹʵҲֻʮˣҽֻʮս磬ûʮġ
ڣһӾͶ˰ŶʯһЩʯȫɣ籾Դ㹻֧ŵĻܹϰ硣
ǺεȵĿֲ
ַ֪Ļᣬץס
һſŶʯɣַҲ˿ޡ
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡢһꡭ
һսѾ˰ʱ䣬ս仯ܴűӮʣսԻ͵ս
ʱ䣬սƿԽԽ࣬Ϊ˷һսӶ뵽޶̵ĸء
޶ȴһֱûκζһЩǿƿߣѾоһ˿ôʱ޶̶ûжµж
ˣһЩƿȡһʡ󣬾Ѿĵ뿪ս˿ûм˼
־վֻǴ󲿷ˣ𡱣һֱɫУҲͰˡ
񣬡𡱵죬ʮսжŹںַϢ¼
ƿó˽ۣս֮ԱôɫսôԻͣΪַ塣
ַӲսǰƽһ󲽣նɱ˻Դ޶̵ϣֱ
ַ塰֮ٲĬĬǺպˡ
ֳޡĽȵַ嶼šһֱɫ֮ǰɫȣֽ֮ɫ
û˸״ַ壬ЩʾãһЩʯƿǣַӰҲԽԽ
ʵַϵϢܲǿɢÿʱÿ̶ǿѾﵽһ˼ľء
ǻ𡢱һַ壬Ҳļµĸо˿̵ַ壬Ѿ֪־ˡ
ʮ磡
ַ۾ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ַ磬˰ʮǱƿ֪֪𾪵ʲôز
ֱ̫˼ˣʱ䣬㲻ͣ磬ܹӰʮ磿ʵȴǰټԭʮ磬ַ磬Ȼﵽһٶʮ磡
һٶʮ磬Ѿھųϵһˣֻ֮Ҫ߶ħﶼȥá
ַ廹ǾЩϧڵ籾ԴѾһˣ֮ǰ˰Ŷʯкʮ꣬ҲõһЩʯʮš
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ǿ޶̵ϳ޶ΧħϳҲ޶Խħ硣
ˣ˴Ķʯ֮ǰһŶʯַɵĶʯʹﵽһʮš
Ƿǳֲģʮ㣬ǰʱ䣬ÿƽΪַṩŶʯ
ȻЩˣǵħҪƷʵĶʯҲǲܡһչι󣬿ԺÿһܹѼһǧŶˡ
ʯĵҲҪʱģַһչξ൱ڽЩĻۣȫѹһա
һʮŶʯܹ磬ַ岻֪һʮڣŽֻǵ˰ʮ磬ʵַûô籾Դʵڽ
֮Ҳ޷ô硣
ˣ뿪ˣ
ַãʵϣʱ䣬ѾƻˡսѾûʲôǱڡ˿޶ǵĵطһЩ򣬵޶ǣ޶Ƥӵ£ַɲðա
˭֪űеλܲȫǣס޶һأֻһ˲䣬ɱַһΡ
һ֮䣬ʵ̫ˡ
ǣַܹӵǧ磬ʱ򣬻ܿһôηħ
ȴУħһָͷ󲿷һ
ַѾƻãսѾûǱڣȥսַĿǰʵȥĸսʵǡģܹӰռݵǿڡ
ţսúܰȫ
٣޶̽϶޷Զս֣Ϊսͬűλעص㡣
ַڵʵֻҪ޶ͿԸˡˣȥսʵġ
ಣ
Ȼ˹
𣬰ʱ䣬ڽˣ´ջɣ
ջҲܴ󣿡
ַЦ˵һ۾Ϳ˳磬ѾﵽʮԭֻаνǴջ
кĸ׼֧ԮһսսƽʵѾǼˣܼǰƽˣǰ޶ǣǿ޷ݻ޶ǡ
Ŷд⡣
ַû뵽𣬾ȻҲôСȼ֪֮սķƽѾǼˡ
˼ǵĽ׼ǰ
˵ʱȻַоЩļ£ָо̫ˣ𶼲ˡ
͵۾Ȼָɫ⡣
ǡʲô
ַתĿĶɫ⣬һɿֲϢȻգеĿֲϢһ˵ϣַ嶼ĸо
ַ廹ˣǡһֻư


1330 ٣
֡ƣ
˵ڲֲΣһڽһħҲ֪١
ЩһħħޱȵӴ󣬾Ӹ£սһ㡣
ڴ˿ֻǰǼС׼ˣֵһᡣֻƣΧȫУͷ·һ㣬ʱ顣
Ǻεȿֲƣ
ַ۾ͫ͵һһ̣ܵǿҵΣңֻƵĽ٣оԷĿģȻ
Ϊңɱңǡץң
ַˣʯ䣬ˣԷɱΪץ³˶Էݡ
κһħκһħҲ˿ֲƣǧħҲơ
ǧħַʱ򣬻ԵֵڣֻƣַͬϣϻҪСֶΣ޿κΡ
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һٶʮ磬ʩչʱ侲ֹǿǧħܵ赲
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ַ廹ǵһΣʩչʱ£ˡӡʱ򡣲ַʱܣڣۼˡ
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ʱܣǿһ̶ȣʱҲûáַˣʲôһ򷨡
޶һ򷨣
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û˿ԥʵʩչʱ侲ֹһɲǣַѾʼʱӡˣ¶ԷʱӡǵʱҲ޶ֲֿĶħôҲΪ
ץסˣ
޶ĴЦţַѾ֮˵һֻмʮ磬㼸磬ǧ磬һֻ£Ҳǲֵһᡣ
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޶ıôʱ䣬Ҳ÷˺ܳʱ䣬ԡƭűΪıȡһʱ䡣
ֻһʱ䣬޶˵Ҳ㹻ˣ
޶һɨϸһӦȴ֣֮ǰɫеַ壬ѾϢʧˣһ˿Ϣû¡
ôܣôܻߣ
޶ɫ䣬ϸһӦȷûַκϢΧѰʮУҲûַκεټ
ַ壬޶Ƥӵ£Ϣʧˡ

޶ŭ𣬶ħһŭǺεȵĿ£ʱʮ𶯣ƿɪɪ
ʵ̫󣬼ֱ֮γɵѹƣ
ַˣЩϣҪᣡ
޶˲佫ŭսƿǣһ𣬻ûдսƿǣһʱе﷢
֪һжˣ

޶ſ޴ƣһθӾ޴󣬽ʮУ󣬺ݺһա
䣡
޶ƺ˿ںʮ³һգʮ˲仯ΪɻңӲ󱬡ս߸ƿߣҲ˳֮꣬޶һ
޶ѿ֮ƣǧķֹңΪЩСǧħķֵˣ
Ȼһ嫵޶Ҳ˲ɫһ䣬ԷȻ׷ô죬ԷĻƺ޶ķҲ׶༪ˡ
һʱ䣬޶ӷŭ͵ջƣҲ֪ɵʧӰ٣ֻʮΧڣһƬ򡭡


1331 ʱ֮أ
ˣ
ʱ֮ǰַһɫЩ԰ףήңܲá
ãʱӡǻˣղŲһ㣬ʱӡǶûлἤ޶һҪնɱңңʱӡҲա
ַɫԵúһֱж޿֡Щ͵ʵȴǵ㡣
Ϊʱӡǣʱӡǣ൱ַһ
ڣַͻȻ֣ʵĵҲˣЩͨƿߣһһħ
Ƕħ
ڶǲεĿ´ڣһ¶˾նɱַ壬һʱ죬ַʱӡǵĻᶼûУͻᱻֱӡĨȥʧ䡣
ǲεĴڣʵֲ̫̫ˡ
ַϸһڽʵһ⣬ʧ磬ܵ˾𵴣ʱҲܵһЩӰ졣
Ҫַ峤ʱָָܻ۷塣
Ѿǲеˣֻǣַ뵽޶ڱصáһȴ֣ûסַ壬޶ֻηŭ
Ȼ֪޶սַ֪űеλҲ˵ܰѶ޶϶Ǹ˾޴Ĵۡ
˾޴ۣȴûץסַ壬пܣ޶ὫŭսЩƿߡ
籦𡢻ˣַսƿߣҲΣա
ϣǶѰɡ
ַҲΣԶǵȿֲڣҲǳġСˣҲӼȣ뾡ǿʵ
ٿ죬ҲңԶ
лᣬڻصʱ֮ţǵ̫£Ȱá
ַţǱɴĻָˡ
ʱ¡
ַҲһһָۣգۼʮʱȥֱָͬһӰ㡣
ʮʱ䣬Ͻڽȶֻǣʧļ磬ַȴҲûκΰ취
ڽУȻûʧȴˣο˺ĤҲʧ籾Դַ֮ǰʵȷҪ½һЩֻǼʧˣܵ
ַڽһٶʮս
ţ֪ű޶̵ôˣ
ַվǵûˣ֪޶Զ֣м˻Ŀǰ
ʱ֮оޣûа취˵ʱ䣬磬ʵ̫ˡ
ǣַٴδʱ֮ţ׼뿪ˡ
ʱ֮ţߴʱ֮ţһȦȦĹΣγһŻַоʱ֮šֻǣʲôûо
ַˡʱ򡱣ʱ֮Ȼǡʱավǣ浽ʱ䣬ַһЩĸо
ʱһԣһЩջ¼ʱҲа
ַ֪ʱ̺֮ʱ򣬿϶ַҪĶࡣǣʱĳʱ֮Ÿȥ
εʱ򣬸ʱ֮ţȴûһ㶯
ַһһʱ΢΢һ
ʱ侲ֹ
Դ˿ַʵʩչʱ侲ֹѾֵܹסˡַʩչʱ侲ַֹȴȵķ֣ʱ֮žȻûκӰ죬ƺӡַʱ侲ֹ
ֱδţԴַڽʱ󣬻ǵһη
Ȼʱ侲ֹûκãַһʩչʱġɱ
ʱת
ˣ
ַʩչʱ伱תʱʱ֮Ŷھҵ𵴣ַ忴һĻ档
Щǡʱ֮šĻ棬˵Ļ棬ʱ֮ŶھҵġŤһ˲ַʱͬһꡱһѡ
ַڵĽ򣬶͵һ
Щ棬ʲô˼
ַüͷһʱתܹԵת״ַ̬ȴоʱ֮ź񲢲
ʱ֮ŲûԵʱתһصĻ棬ͺϢһַԺ֮С
Щݡ£һ𣬷ַ塰Ϥ
ΪЩݡ̺һ˿ʱյİأ
ʱգȻǹʱյİأԭʱ֮ĴԵʱյİأʱ֮ڣΨʱܹʱתܵõ˼ʱյİء
ַԽԽԺеݣѾΪһɺԺУַǰչʾʱյİأ
ĴԵԶԶȵõʯ籾ԴҪöĴԵַҲңδʱ֮ŵĻᣬȴѾʱ򣬲ҳʱתӶʱ֮ء
ûʱ򣬻߽ʱ֮ŵһŻʮδĻᣬôʱ֮žͻʧַҲҲ޷õʱ֮ˡ
ʱ֮أ׷ĽŲ𣿾ҿʲôʱհɣ
ַ˿漴۾ʼԺлʱհصĺϢ֮С


1332 ޵е
ַ·һƬݵĺһ㣬оʶΧǸݣʱ䣬ڿռ䡣
Щݣʵʱհأ
ַݺ֮УԺϢһҶһӴ־۵һҲַʶǿ
ˣƬݺǰַʶʵ̫Сˣͬһһͺۡ
ֻܱݺ沨缢ƿʵݺеϢ
ģַҲԼ֪һʱյİء
ʱգ˼壬ʵʱռ䡣
ǰַ忪磬ʱʱ䷨ռ䷨ʵ̫ǳˣʱյƤë㲻ϡ
ַ壬ڵʱ䷨򣬽ֻʱݣҲǿĳں嫵ʱնԣֵһᣬŶû롣
ַʱ򣬿ʱתκﶼת֮ǰ״̬ʱת
ʱַ֪ʱһѾˡ
ʱʱգʱӿռô򵥣ʱһ塣磬תʱ䣬һλˣת״̬ұ̶ֹԶˡ
Ǿʱ֮ǸʱʱͿռȫתֻǰһֻʱݣıûиı䡣
ʱתܸıʣʵʱհء
磬ַϤʱհأͿԴʱգصȥȥСĵˣͳͳɱ
ȥĵˣôڵĵҲͽȥΪûйȥǾûںͽ
ʱ֮Ŀֲֲַ֮ĴڣλԳʱߣʱ֮Լʱճӡ
пܣͳڹȥֻ߽ڣֻҪԸ⣬Ǿûܷ֡Ĵڡ
ʱ֮ʵǲַʱ򣬽ֻŰˣֻܹתһ죬߼졣
ҷΧ̫󣬸ĶĶ̫󡣱磬תһʱգǷʱȫתǾ͵óܾ޴Ĵۡ
٣ĿǰַҲܲĴۡ
ַ˷ѾˡңҲ΢˽ʱ֮Ŀ£糽һλʱ֮ǿڣôĿڹȥڻδΡɱκˣֱ練ơ
ܶԷһǶ𣬾ǽַƲ⣬Ҳûʱֻ֮ҪתʱգصȥԷСʱ򣬽Էġȥɱ
ôڡڡʱյĵˣҲ˲ȥ
ʲô
޵У޵е
ֻܹʱճ֮еǿߣ޵дڣݺŽ񣬳ιȥδ
޹غ־磬Ѿû̫á
Ŀǰľ磬ַҲֻƲһǿţڸһк嫵ϢҲ޼¡
ⲻκָܹ㣬ǳվַǰָ㣬Ҳûκô
뿿Լ򣬲˵ֻᡣ

ַ峤˿۾Ŀлһ˿ƣ̬ȴܼʱհذ㶴Ϥ۷
Ǿʱ̺޵УӦǰķ
ȻַҲڵûʸʱհأʵ̫̫ˣҪʱհأҲڡ
Ա
ûԱ
οҪʱհأûǿû޵еôӰʱգӶϤʱհأ
ˣַ岢û᱾ĩĿǰҪʲôҪľʱհأûжַʵֱӵİ
ȴַǰķ򣬲ǰĿģûΪյˡ
ַ֪ΪҲԶԶյ㡣ַƲ⣬ǧԳҲСӤ㣬û˿֮
ܹʱ֮ţĻԵңһԵɺ֮£ʱ򣬵ҵĽʱ򣬿Ҳɺô򵥡ضһֱʱ֮дʱճдеϵ
ַĿ˸һ˿˿ľâ·ܹϤһС
ĽʱⲢżȻżȻôһΪû˵ʱ
ʱ֮ţʱճйءַĻԵĲĵס
ţڸ÷ˡ
ַҲԥֱһԾɽʱ֮УֽϤʱճӣĿǰǵڰ˸磬ַֻ֮ˡ
磬ζַֻʱӡˣַʱȴġ
λҲˣ˭ɱΣ
ַгţǶҲŶԷɱΡ
ԽǵԺַԽǿҪնɱַ壬Խѡ
öӡǣַԶҲõ
ಣ
ַ˲һ磬ʧӰ١


1333 磬һ˱ѹ
ৣ
ַӰͻأĳһİ統СһܣƺһƬ󺣣վڴϿա
ֱַ̧һȻʱӡǻڡ
öʱӡǣǽʣöʱӡ֮һˣޱȵ󣬾׵ˡ
ǡ
ַӴľ˲串ס磬һͣзǳʢУַ廹еһЩѷĺۼ
ƿߵġͳѷ
˴µĳѷɡ
ַҲ˲²⡣ʵϣĲ²ⲢûдԴƿ˺֮󣬾Ϳʼк硰ѷ
Ըָķʽ³ѷЩе飬Ҳһ˿ѵϣܷǳãɰǧ磬Ҳһܹһλƿߡ
Ͼϣȷз򡣲ǰΪ綥ˣյ·ˣʵϣԶԶֹ
綥ˣֻǳѵĿʼˡ
ಣ
ַһûͣƿأַȻȥرעһ硣
ַ峯˵ܲȥȻûпռ䣬ַڵʵУٶҲ÷˼
ƿҪʱ䣬ܸϵĵطַ弸ʱܸϵ
һַ巵ܲ
ַܲһʱںƿߣҪ֪޶űս
޶űս˽ֽ׶Ρ
漴˵ƿһһַ㱨
ԭֵַħȷǾ޶λֲĶħԷһǧħķšƭλűĶ𣬴ӶֱӶַ֡
űеλ𣬶ûü赲Һû𣬵ûʮķΧ֮ڣӹһ١
ûôõ޶ʮͳͳ򱬣Ϊ˻ҽűеĶҲˣ˫һսǷǳļңΧʮ
սֱӱıʧأҲƽ·ԭķ߷Χ֮ڡ
˫֣Ҳ֪޶űеλ𣬾ʲôЭ飬˫ܼɵûʲô
ֻиսڲϵĽɱţֱͬѪĥһһʱ䡣սսǼޱȡ
ַ˻㱨Ѿ˽˫һûбֻǿϧ˱
𣬶ַ廹ǲģȴ꼰㡣һ뵽޶ֻױȵƣַ͸е𺳡
֮£ƺһжȻ
ûʱӡǣַҲӶˡħǿԶԶַ
սַ֣˵ȴһ¡٣һε֮űеλһὫ޶ġ
ϴεٴγַ֣Ҳû̫Σա
սʱҪȥڶʯ㹻ˣдʯΪû籾Դ޷硣㹻籾Դҵʵܼ
ַҲڿĿǰĿǰҪĲʱհأҲǼսӦ뷽跨ô籾Դ
ô籾Դ취ֻȼ졢ֱӵİ취ǾħɵħԽ࣬ô籾ԴҲԽࡣ
սʱȥдħ
ַüͷ壬Ժһĵط
ףı󣬲޶𣿡
ַһæƿʵôûбռ
磿İɱ޶̣ڵشƫƧûսڤ򡣲Ѿħ磬ħڶ࣬ħ磬ֵܵͨһһʱ䡣
ַԵ˵ͷȷ޶ӡشƫƧҲΪԭԭ޶̲Źռ磬ʵûô
ڤ𣬻ǰַ˵ڤһѲĶ֣ҸҪǣڤ𱳺վŵ޶ַ̡ɵ޶̣ƽʱǾԲҴ⡣
ڣڤ𣬸Ͳֵһᡣ޶̣Ҳűս֮УϾ˼硣
ַҪռ磬ֱ練ơ
ټ˳Ա׼磡
ַ嵭˵ƽȴ͸¶ţԼһ˿˿İ
ǵģڵַ壬۽Ȼ󿪡Щվ۷һ𣬻Ƕ⣬ˣѾַˡ
磬һ˱ѹ
ǣ
ƿߣ̬ȹȥĿҲ˸һ˿˿ľâһ뵽˵Χ֮Уζʲô
ҲһΧƾҪˣ˵Ʋɵ


1334 ¡һ
磡
ַ徲վ磬ǵһǵΡĸܶǴһ
һΣַ屻ߣ뿪˺磬˹硣Ǹʱ磬ַУֱȺӴ˲֪ٱǿƣƿ߸ǱȱȽǡʱַûиоµԭƿҲֻһˣˣǡͬࡱ
ַͷ·ҵˡ֯һָоǳļ
ڶ磬ַΪ˾ˣħ׷ɱ£ˡʱַѾһԱ֮ǴΣǡǱӵˣӵеĽֻԱ֮ˣǵǱӴܣøıƲܰ׷ɱ
ǵΣַ磬һΣַǰζһһΣҪ磡
Ȼ嫣ַľһɨȴͽһ
ףǿ߲ڤ𣬷һİħһǵ𣿿޶̲ǶȫӣһһħΪֻ֡ͨһħûӰ졣ˣǾ͡һ˰ɣ
䣡
ַڽ͵Ľ٣񱩵֮˲ϯ

ħ統Уϵڤ𣬴ʱȴڴ֮ϣͷ­ūһ㣬ԹԵվһԣ̧ͷûС
ϷϣɢһϢȫޣİħ
ڤ𣬶ˣǷ˽֮ɨǸڵ
ڤͷһϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ΰĲ£ѾˡڶʱĿǰź硢ڱ涽򡣳˺⣬ûκһλһ𡣾ǰҲܺɨˣ
㣿
ЦһΪôöԸģΪһλһʲô׼ûУһǿԶҲ޷ģǸʧˣֻҪһЩֶΣƾʵɨ˵ġ
˶٣˵˰ɣǱȥһˣɽҪ
ʵ޶񣬿ɲֻɨô򵥡
ҪɨòλһħϾ޶ս³Խűʵ޶ѹҲܴ
ʱκһλһħǶǲɻȱġôֵУרȥɨƽƽĽ޶Ժַӡ
ֻǣҲ֪޶ΪôӺַ壬ַ֪Ȼ֮ǰ־žޣٶȿױȣѾ޶רնɱ
һˣǰкã
䣡
ʱƺھҵ𶯡ڤ̧ͷħϿգ·һɿµ٣նһƬһֻ죬ݺݵ
ǡ
͵ɫһ䣬·뵽ʲô
һڽ򰡣ʲôˣҪһ̵򣿷ˣǷˣ
ɫ䣬ŭһʱ˸ųǧâͬʱһصħҲͬ⻷һصĺب֮С
޴ħҪűħ硣
ħأԴ˿еġ򡱽٣ȴûһϲɫ˿־塣
ǵģ־壬Ѿڿ־ˡ
㵽˭
һŭ
ʱַȻҲע⡱˲һħħҲǳǿ
ַӴڽ֮£ħҲֻ΢ǿһϰˣֵһᡣ
˺𣡡
Уصַ쳹
ʲôǺַ壿ܣԲܣ׿ԣѾһĵĻҷôܻţ
ŭͬһͷصľһ㣬˫ֺݺݵ֧Ŵġ򡱡
޶˵Ѿˣ
ַ΢΢һЦ漴ҡҡͷĮ˵֪Ҳһħ𣬾ȻҲֻǸ̽Сӣ޶Ǻôֱʡ֪ΣҾ޶ɱɣ
ַ·ѾϤһСʣǰĲ𣬾ġΪ޶ַ֪ûַʵ·һ
һԣ޶ַľ١

ַĽûκεͣͣǲʩչħҲ޼£ֻĿӴġ
أ
Ҳסصħ缦һ㣬˲飬򣬶ַһڡ¡


1335 ˣ

ַȻҲ֡͡ĸоŽֻһˡһжٸ磿
һ綼ûУΪһδս䱻޶̹ռ֮޶̶籾Ͳӣħϵɡ
ˣе磬ѾˣֻʣһЩڡ硣
һˣַ˿̵ʵһٶʮսһģʮ磬ʲô
ʵǰַȷ֡͡ĸоȻַɹ磬ڽҲе򣬵һĽȴǵһΣ
û磬еֻħַ˿ҲھΣοҲһԣһ磬ʲôͬ
¡¡
ַȻҵ𶯣ĽַڵĽҲʱ򣬾Ȼ˳ͻ
ͻĺʱҪȡĽ򡣽һĸһȡˣôҲͷֱױ
ৣ
ַһɲԸôһĽ㹻ƿУܹ֧׵顣
ôˣʵ̫˷ˡ
ַֻһԣһܲһЩջ񣬱磬ø籾ԴڿҪʧˡ
һûκãڽͻַҲЩףΪʲôôƿȴûȥɡ
ңƿֻһǾƿڽ
Ҳַڲ֮ͬһЩ仯һǶʯ󣬾Ȼֱӡ򣬶ڽȫͻ
Ϊ֮ԭ򣬱Ǵӻ֮СģͬͬԴȻͻ
ַ彫Ų˳ֻǱһЩվûл𣬻Ļָħħ磬ֱַѹ촷ۣΪ籾Դڽ֮С
ңһΣַ籾Դ൱Ķ࣬ǳ
ħѾˣַ漴֪ͨ˵ˣǸϽա
˵ˣҴҵĸϵʱľЩ̫ȶұٱ硣һ˴ս򶼲
޲е𾪣Ƕ֪Լһӵ˿µȻ̾û̫⣬ûп־壬Щ˷ܡ
ϾԼǿⲻ֤պ˻ǿǰ;
ַ彫ĹˣһԵӸ˵ˣڡޡʵϣڵȴŻ֮µ硣
ʱţתۼѾȥٶꡣ
֪䣬ַѾٶ䣬ʱ䣬޶̺ܰƺ£һ
ʵϣַȴ֪޶̲ģ෴޶̷ǳĹģֻ޶޲ַ̾壬ȴűλס޷ִ硣
ַЩ½һЩ޶̵ħȻûɹһħ𣬵ջҲ൱
Ͼַ籾Դֻû֮ˡ֮˶ʯˣ磬ĵ籾Դʵ١
̶ٶַ꣬ڽУһٶʮ磬һڽﵽʮ
ˣַڻ֮ɵĶʯȫһաַʵȴֹһϾڽһʩչʱܳܵķȴҪࡣȻַʵҪ
λһ˵ˣѾڽ֮⣬ȴټˡ
ַھޣͻȻ˵ƿͨ
ˣ
ԣԳǻԼ𣡡
Ŷǣǽȥӭӣ
ַҲ¶һ˿Цݣ˻ˣһͬϽȽġ
ַҲû뵽˻صݼ
ಣ
ַӰһ뿪磬ȻĽڣϤӰ
𣬶δλɸʤǰ
ַҲˬĴЦš
𣬶δ
Ҳ˹˼棬ֲʤĸоû裬̸Ц
λôˣ
ַ彫ӭ磬ѯʵ
Ҳ֮Уǰ㣬Ǵ£ˣҲĺ£ԣżҴҵĸݷá
һأϻЦݣȷӦǺ¡
֮У
ַɵĿŻɨһۣʵˣ


1336 űĴֱʣ
һۣ漴ͳűҫ֮Уǰȥս֧Ԯű󡣡
ţҫңҲǵҫйʲôӴ
ַ۾΢΢һУЩͬѰҫΪλ֪Ҫ֪ΪűһֱսַٴʵҲ޷ҫôרַ塣
³ַȻ
ʵҲѯʹҫ𣬶ҫҲֱӸǣ߱ѶĿǰսϾ޶λսѾΣѡǿڶ֧ţս˵֧Ųסˡ߱ҫֻ뵽𣬲ܽսΣ
ҲһһʮĽԭί˵˳
ţ߱ѵűеλ𣿡
ԣλ𣡡
ַ˳˼СҲ˽һЩ߱߱Ǵǧ磬űܲٵģΪ˶Ը޶
֮սƺ˭Ҳκβ˭޶ϴϮַ壬ҲΪʹ˹ƣҲʧһǧħķνʧء
޶޷߱ȻҲ޷
ʵϣλǴ⣬ڳһǲϣ޶ռžԵơַս޶̵ķֱɱ޶̵ĸأǣס޶սһЩűս͵ֵסˡ
ٶʱȥűҲԿҪ֧Ųסˡ
ַйǣҫ˽߱϶֪֪߱޶ǧټƣһǧħĻҲҪԸַ塣ַϣ϶һЩ޶Ķ
˭ֲܱ֤߱е˼
ַƺЩԥæ˵űνǳʮ㣡ֻҪԸǰսܳɰܣһŶʯɹ޶̵ĹƣȶսٷһŶʯ
ܹ׻޶̣ǹռ޶̵ĽÿջĶʯͳͳСɲǼõˣһҪ
ַűȷźźЩšֻҪȥս۳ɰܣȸһŶʯ
һɹֵס޶̵ĹƣһŶʯҪַ֪һʼõĶʯܹҲûš
ڣűһ־Ŷʯ⻹޶̵Ĺƣֱ룬ռ޶̵ĽǸʱ򣬻дĶʯ
ַһЩǣҲòĶ
߱ң˼ӦҲף޶Գ֣ûץסң֣Σοսô߱Ҳܹĳ֡ĺ֮£űͻᱻ޶̻ܣǾɥʧűõľ棬߱Ҳеĺ
ԣȥսӦûǰȫġʲô⣬ʱӡǿߣֻҪСһ㣬ʲô⡣
ַԺ˸ָͷȨ֮£лһЩĶϾ֮ǰʹǰսֻһֱû¶ģҲûսûж
Ȼű룬ַҲͲԥˡ
ãҾһǰս
̫ˣ
ϴϲַ岻ѯʶ֪űضҲ˻һЩôһЩŵ򣬻ôģ
սɲھǰս
ƺЩȡ
Ҳã˵£Ҳ׵ˡ
ַ˵ͷһǰս
һ·ϣַѯʻսݻ٣˽ӹһ١ʵҲַԶ޶ǣҲû̫̰ģȥЩԴḻĽ
ǡöһ١
ջҲû˶ʮ磬ϣﵽʮ硣ʵں嫵Сǧ統УʵҲѾˡ
˻һġϲڵַ塣
ಣ
뿪磬ִܿ˻ַܲЩɻ󣬲˵ȥսô˻ܲ
˻ַܲոսٵ磬ʱͿ飬ƿ𶼸ݼ
ţǡ
ַЩ죬ܿЩƿ߲ڰݻ𣬶ڰƺҲ׼˺ܾãʱ⣬ִӭӡ
ѵ
ַ뵽һֿܣǣתͷȥĿ⾼Ż


1337 İ򶨽ʯ
㿴ҵĻ˿ɻ⣿
۾Ц˵
ԱߵҲͬһ֣ʱ·һƿߣݼ
ַѾµˣ𣬻Ǵ󵨣˹Ȼľǳ׽˲뵽ַ˵УַΪ
λǺο࣬ڲǺܺô
ַЦ˵ʵǲܵģ˻˵Ĳ룬˲һԾΪСǧ統ж֮һ
űûλʵҲˡԼ֮ǿ١
˷һ֮ȥҪ󳹵ײ뵽ַ˵УҲ֪ʲô
ϵܣôɣʵˣϵǰ;պǳΪҲǲܡңϵܵΪˣԺɾ͸ߣҲǡ
̹ϵ˵ʵһҪԭԴַǵʵͽһʱڡ
ʵѾ˼ޣûַʵôࡣ
ʲôԭ򣬵ַʵȴǲʵ
Ǻַ壬иĽǧѷĻᣬһġȨʵҲʲô
ϾЩһƿ߶ԣȨҪģҪʵֻҪܹʵһȨʲôֻҪʵ㹻ǻ˻ˣλ׾ٵٴδ
أ
ҲãҶˡλ𣬾ίһ£ʱԵλӽ쿪ʼҲ˵λˣȨ޽Ȼһǲ˳ԱĽλĽ򡣡
ַѸٵ˰ţҲǳ⡣
ˣЩȫռĶʯԼĶʯȫвʮŶʯǶ׸ˡ
˵գȻóʮŶʯ⻹֮ϲַҲû뵽ˣѾ˴󲿷ֶʯھȻܴʮŶʯʵЩ˼顣
ַ廹СЩؿ޵ƿǵļҵף̷ǳ
ãҲͲˣ
ַҲʯʮŶʯпܵһ磬ַ˵ҲһС
ǣ󣬼ǰսһ壬£Ҳ˵ˣ磬űȷǴֱʣԸ˷ֱ籾Դ
Ѿ൱ˣûвμսʱҲֻˣֻ˵ַ壬ܻ磬Ѿ൱ˡűַ壬ȷǳ
ǰսˣ
ܿ죬ѾսԶԶģܿսˡ
սʵϾһսݣɵһȦЩսݣֲһҲѹơ
ҲűԵֵ޶̹ƵҪ취ûЩսݣűﻹ֧ŵڣ
ಣ
ַ˻ûнսʱһսУѾɳ˼Ӱ
ˣ
һλϢ˿ַ֮µߣӭ
ַ崫λűҫ磬ٶսеǿߣ
ַһݣѹһߣ͸ܵǿѹԭԷҫ⴦Сǧűĸ
ϣűȨƿߡȻ߱Ľ٣ҫȨȻͱԶˡ
ҫ𡣡
ַҲ΢΢һЦŻ񣬶Էٶ磬˿ѷɫǿȻֻǵƾڽе
ʵսǾͲһˡַǿֶΣĪʱ
ˣܽ룬սűҡһŶʯ۳ɰܣֻҪսűͻϡ
˵꣬ҫóһŶʯ
ַҲЩɲԭΪű󲻻ôˬ족Ҳõ޶̵ħֹ󣬲Żɶʯó
û뵽ҫô˳ַҲĵͷⲻչʾűĳ⣬ң䣬ǳˬҲ塣
սӵġ
ַ壬ھ;սҲȫԸˣ٣һսܰܣöԵűĳ⣡
ãĳȴ֮ˡ
ַûпֱһŶʯȫԸַ壬ҲֱʵҫʲôҪ㾡ܿڣȻҵսһԱˣ
ҵȵľǺ仰ڵȷһֵ£ͺˡ
ҫҲûпͳ˵


1338 Ҫٺһʣ
Ŷҫ˵
ַ鵭Ȼսӻ΢˽һ㣬̫
ҫӦ֪޶󻤷󻤷һλԪٶħҲսҽΣҲǿܹ⡣һλȴʼûг֡
λˣ޶̵󻤷֮ǰ֪ΪΣһֱûг֣Ҳ޷٣ͻȻ֣˺ܴ鷳ңǿٶħ
ˣǰȥԸ²ܿҲûϵֻҪܹǣƹˡ
ҫҲ򵥵˵޶̵ҶλַҲ˽⣬һԪٶħȷֲ
󻤷𣬵ȷǳأսؼʱ̣ƺûг֣Ҳ֪ıʲô
ͻȻ֣ע
ַȴûֱӴӦǽĶҫЦЦʵҫű󲻿ʲôû׼ɣ
ַ޶Ҷλڷս֮ǰű϶Ĺעλ
Ӧȫ׼ǣôڷûӦ֮ˣҲϳ
ҫԥƬ̣ǡ̹סԭȫ֮ߣսǶȫ֮ߡűܲҪٵĲһλ𣬶λ𡣺λǧǿһ½һҲࡣűĵ̣ǿĳ󣬾Ǻ𵱳ڵԭҲԶԶȲű󡣡
ֻϧƻʧˡ޶Ҳ֪õϢȻλǰ͵ϮűٵͨǧҪͨͨСǧ磬ǳѣ붯ýſԡΪĳЩԭűĽǣʱ鲻ʱ䣬Ҳ޷ٶȰŵڶν١
ˣűʵǴơֻҪԸ֣ǣס󻤷űҲܸǡֹסƣһȵͨͨűһٺɨ޶̣
ҫղʵôַֻ֪ҫ˵ЩʵϣҲǣ浽űܣַҲû뵽ԭűôıʡ
ϸ룬ʵҲܿһЩ˿ϾűҪǿߣô֮һλ𣿿޶ƽ֣
ű߲Ҳôֻһԭ򣬾ǽٳˡڿȻˣűĽٱ޶ϣűƴҲֻǽ˶߱ˡ
˶ûܹ٣޶̵󻤷ҲӦܵشһֱˣԲûг֡
ַһϵűܲʱõϢ޶սűƿߣȥǰߡ
Ҳ޶ԤıģҪһֲ
սһʼȻ޶ռȫƣս㱣סܡҺãսַôһսƶһı仯
ĳ̶ֳ˵ַҲȷǼӡȡűһΡ
ҿԳԸ󻤷𣬵жʯҪ籾Դ籾Դ
ַ嵭˵ڵʵʵǣסҲûʲô⣬ôõĻᣬݺݵűϡ¡һʣǾʵ̫ϧˡ
Ҫ֪űһֱǧܲϵ񣬺öɲӶԷԼŵĺô֪һ
ôõĻᣬַ嵱Ȼ
ҫ۾Ķַ壬һҧУ籾Դܿ͵Уһ󻤷ˣɺǣơ
ҫģһٳ֣ĳԻسŵǣơˣ籾Դÿһ㣬Ҳ׼ĳһЩ
ַĻӦ
ģ籾ԴϾͻ͵УһȥսϢɡ
ǣҫַˣʽս
սˡڡʱҲûдս˶ֻ֪ǱǰƽһΣ޶̵ĹƱػӵ͡
ң󻤷ļ룬һսֵܵס
ַʧıӰűһϣüͷôܿҪ֪ٶħ
ҫĿһգҡҡͷţǡ߱ŰҲ߱⽻ġ֤ܹ߱𣡡
߱𣿡
ŸԺܳԾ
İɣ֪ܿ𣬵ܲܿˣ޶̵һιƣѾˡ
ҫţ漴תѸٵ뿪ˡ


1339 Ұ
籾Դû뵽ô̫࣬Сűĵ̰űҪסսӶסűѪˡ
һƧڣַ忴ǰ籾Դ¶һ˿ЦݡǸոűģô籾ԴҲǳ硣
űһϣѪ
磬ʵ̫˷ˣ̫ˣַոջһŶʯټ֮ǰʮŶʯһһʮŶʯ
籾ԴҲжʯַ廹ʲô
ûκԥ̽籾Դˣ֮ҲһʮŶʯ¡
ʱ٣
̵ַʱ򣬿ʼڽʱ䡣
ǣһ磬ӻ֮ڳ˳ʱ֮£̶һʱ䣬ַڽ͵ʮ硣
ȻʱҲĺܶ籾ԴʱܶһʵͶһ֣Ϊ˭Ҳ޷֤һ̻ᷢʲô
ַڽһ磬ͬƵģѸٵð˳
ʮ򡢶ʮʮʮʮ򡢾ʮ򡭡
ʱһȥʱ֮£ڽʵѾȥ˺ܾá
䣡
ַ΢΢һо籾ԴԼʯ϶һˣ㶨ʯУҲ޷ٵˡ
ַﵽİʮս
Ҳ˵һʮŶʯ㵮ʮ磡
ѾǳˣȻûдﵽĳ̶ȣİʮ磬ѹ޶һѾ⡣
Ͼַ岻ͨһ⿿İʮ磬ܻҶλҲ޷նɱǡ
һħﵽϰħôնɱģʱͲһˣʵַˣַնɱֱͬвһޱȵɡ
սȫʤ
޶ϴ㲻Ҫңʧһöʱӡǡ񣬾ǶħҲһ㾪ϲ
ַǼ¶һ˿صЦݡûǣ޶һ£ĸо
ڣַ޷ս޶Ҫ޶һЩ鷳ַ廹ġ
ǣַٴγڽУڽе硣

սһս⣬ħ
Ϊ׵ħɢſֲϢһħǰҲԵôС
ϰħǿһǵ
󻤷ûаչűս
˵޶һԪһֱȫⳡսǰʱ䣬󻤷ȬսȻͳȨߡ
ιƣڹ֮·ģħ֮ҲĶǣҲ٣ԪͲô
ȴƺûпԪĲ֮ɫԶһսݣƽ˵ΰ˵һܹսˣѾָйעһƿߡһͲϧһдۣҪܶԷ
𣿺ٺ٣֪սͻ𣬽սƵ޶̵ĸأ޶˺ܴ鷳ҪܣȻ֪ỵ˽Ĵ¡
ԪҲһݣᵽʱԱ
ˣȻ֪ǾͶְɡ֮ҲٿűսĴڣ
𵭵˵
ʵ˭Ҳ֪ʱ䣬˶ĻԵȷˣȴ˴籾Դ
Щ籾ԴȫǽűͨʱնɱЩһ𡣼ǰ漸γ֣Ҳֻֻ̽߰˳ɵʵûþȫ
Ҳ뿴ű󵽵׻ʲô֡
ǰ漸εġ̽ÿһΣǶռϷ磬ԣűûʲôı䡣
˵űȷûʲôˡ
ôգǳ״ݻսݻűʱһôһǵöôӴ籾Դ
ʱ򣬾ͻǧħҲǲܣ
ǧħһֲΣǼִǵˣڶǵ𣬵Ҳˡӡʸ
ÿһλǧħħǶ۰һԶħҲ޶Ҳûܹ£κһλǧħħ޶̡
ǧħĲΣ׷ľǳΪǵﻹԸܵ
ҲдҰ֮ˣĿǶǵ
ԭǰʱ䣬ҲޣΪô޶ˡⳡսù𿴵ϣ޶òó棬µħ
ǻᣬĻᣡ
Ǹ𣬽ΪҲ֪еܺΪʲô𣿻ԴҵĸǸʱİأܡ
һʱ䣬ı鶼ŤĿ˸һ˿˿˷֮ɫ
֪ͬǴԵַ壬ַϵʱܣԽ޶ԽЩǵΪΨһϣĻᣬһ䵽ϣɲ״
սɣչ󣬾ҹ֮գ
Ŀ˸һ˿֮ɫ


1340 ĳڣزħһ
ɱɱɱգһҪսűɱѪɺӣ
һ֮ɱ¾Ӷߣ鼺У
ЩζıԴսҪ֧Ųסˣɱ
ħǷˣһħǸӷ񣬼ǲƴۣĹűս
սڣħʵռʲôˡʧҪһЩħʵ̫ˣңЩһħ֮ƾͽϾ
սҲˣһ
һԪѰͲסʩչ޴ħͬһױȵӴһ㣬̤սȥ
֮սκҪսݣ޼¡

һ䣬һֱԪ޴һͬͶ뵽޶£ԪҪǿһЩ
أ
ѹסԪڹԪʵ츳пɣ̫޴ħµĵطսթ
Ԫȴһûпսթ
Ԫ޴һЩҲãùʡԪǰ棬ȥոʤĹʵ
ţûܺҪܺ𣬻벻Ԫİһ˺ôԪҲûŵıҪˡ
һʱ䣬һ˿ɱ⣬ޣûб˲
¡
Ԫһ֣ʱƿߵսݣΣաԪ۵ӵٶħ˿ֱֲײսܹס
Ԫݵ÷
űսУҲһŭͬʱֲ֮ƺƵϯԪȥ
Щ֮ģٲȻվһΰĴڡ
ҫֶοκβ˱
𡰾޴ӰȻҫԪֲʮΣÿζκβ˶Է൱
һԪƺͣڡġҫ
ҵ
ҫɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôԪֵļ϶ĿԶУһֵӰ
󻤷
䣡
Ȼˣһ֣ʩչٶħһץЩ֮ǰ˦սݵƿֱӾͱ󱬣ֻʣŨ籾Դڡ
һ֣ͲǴݻЩսݣǲϵűЩƿߣսݣɱǣսݵͻ
ʱʤƽͻᳯ޶бԪͬǸѲթȴ򣬴ӲðĿ¶֡
ƺħеٮٮߣԪ𷴵ࡣ
ͷˡ
ҫһһ£ʱսݣϤصȻһ
սݵĴ
ţͿҲ
Цһȭһҡ
ˣ
սݶھҵţһ֮£ȻսɵĴ󡣲Ǽסˣûб
ţЩֶΣűǧűµ󷨰ɣ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ǰ̽űҲûɴ󣬶ҫһƴ赲
ǸʱҲûдȫԸˣһˣûбƳս󷨡
ڱصã
󷨣赲ħƣ
Źһŭ𣬶ʱٶħȻɢҫ۵ĹâһȦһȦĹâڹߣһȦȦĹһ㣬ɢſֲѹϢ
ħħǿƥħԶأ
ʲôİħȻʵ޳İħôܣ
ҫ۾ֹҫȣԪҲޱȵľȡ
һôսթ˺ܲ
Ԫгɢšʡ֮ɫҲЩ޶£Զ޶ʲôôǸ˹
Ԫʲô취˫ô꣬ȴǹʤһڣʵʵѾİٶħ
ôֲʵѾܹⳡսʤˡ
¡
һһ㣬İħΪһ޼᲻ݵشݺݵĴ¡
꣡
ڣսҲ֧ŲסսݣΪƬҲƿѲֲ촷ۡ
űսߣҲһǧ˲
ڣʲô赲
𱳸˫֣أվսм䣬ǰһȺʧƿߡ
ĳѾֹһԤ뵽ˣһж֮С͸þġոűƿˣӶô籾Դǿʵ
ʱҫҲˣٳ֣ס𡭡
ҫƺƵֻǣҫҲѾûˣǰƾַԼսݴһǣƹ
˭뵽ʵսݴҲ˲˲Ƶˡ
ַ壬Σ
ˣűܿ䣬һΣҪ󲿷ֽ򶼶øɸɾ
ʱ˶ƿǵʿһǧɡ
ˣ
ʱһɺƵ֮ͬͻһ㣬ƺƵϯ˲סս
һӰͻأĳսϿա
ҫĳڣزЩħһ
ַ屳˫֣Ŀ΢΢һɨԪͣһ˲漴˹ϡ۾ȴ΢΢һУĿԼһ޵˷֮ɫ
ǵģ˷ܣַֺޱȵ˷ܡ
ʱأַϣǿʱİأץסַ壬Ҳûпܣ


1341 ħĹ
Ǻ𣿡
ĺ˷ܣѾ϶ˣǰ˾Ǻַ塣
ĳǺ𣡡
ַ嵱Ȼܿǰƺ˼ΣգǹҲãԪҲãӲ
Ԫ𣬺ַѾˣڻ֣Ǻնɱ
ʱҲûһԪ𣬱ϾԪһȷڻңǻǺܺϸġ
ַ壿ûдսҲһܸˡ
ԪЦһ̷ҫľתַҫһ£ȴûи
սѾñٱָȫ֣ħϾԪ⣬дħս⻢
ַ忴һԪԼҫ𣬶ҫûǰǣơԪַޱϲ
Ȼ̸ϷŭҫҲûʲôøˡҫɣȴַΣյľأһһħ𣬶һħĵ𣬺Σգ
ˣ¾Σˡ

ַϵӰ͵ͷһ磬ɢſµϢʱһɺƺƵ·𲻿ɵֵ͵ϯԪ
أ
Ԫͷ·һشСһӴħһӾ͡䡱ȥٶصħ˲ħ
ǳ𣬳׻Ϊҽ׷顣
ǾԵѹƣпһԪصħǶԪ˵ħҲһʱġ
ѾƵʧˡ
ʧħԪַʵȴɻ𾪡ΪղǹȻԪ޻֮
⵽׵öٸս
ʱĶַ壬ϵıҲѿڸղţԪûпַʵȴһ
İ磬İʮսһһҵϢǰֻսôһԾΪӵսǿ𣿡
ôҲţַȻôǿֱǿó
ʲôİʮս
Ԫ𡢹𾪣ҫҲޱȵ𾪡֮ǰ˺ܴĴۣѪ£ַ壬ս
ʵҲ;ãַһٶսٶսǿǣסѾܲˡ
ŷ֣ɵ͹ַ壬Сַ塣
˭뵽ַ岻ɽ¶ˮʵȻѾԪ֮ϣűԼ޶λǴڣ˭ַĶ֣
⣬ղûǣԪ𣬿ַѾˡ£ˣǸַԾܾĺô
ҫüͷΪ֮ǰûǣԪеڡǣԪ𣬸ַһӡ˵˫ĺ
ڿûǸϣˣվ˽١ܺҲϵĺˣ潻ǣһÿһַ壬űҪ޴Ĵˡ
Ͼİϵһں嫵Сǧ統УҲôҵġ
С̫ǿô죿
ԪҲɵǰַôǿ壬ȥɵҲôɡ
Ķַ壬ʱ䣬ӼսһԾİʮսмĿȺ֮
ѵΪʱأ
лȣʱأ벻κηʽһô󡣾ʮϰ磬Ҳ޷ô
ʱصĻо͸˷ܡʱأҪˣ
ΪأպϸҹȻ㣬Ҳ
ûη壬Ц
䣡
ͬʱϵħ˲䱩ǣİħȻǹʥļޣһЩʵ
ôܣ
ŹڱŵħԪӶҪˡʵ޷ţϦദĹʲôʱôǿˣ
ѵڼ䣬ʵ
İءİʮءأ
ڣʥϵħֹͣͣīħɢſֲѹħϢѹսƿɪɪսûˡ


1342 ˭֮
ħ
˶ɫһ䣬ƿһĶ˹ȵסħεħѹסűƿߡ
һЩһ𣬶ѹס
ûܵѹƵģҲֻҫԼַˣ˶磬Ҳ֧ס𣬿ɾûôǿʵ
֮ǰֱӱħö֣εħѹסƿ
սȻͲˡ
ȴСĽһֱûг֡һдııʲô
ַ۾΢΢һУŹӴħԼԷ޼ɵ¶̰еɫһȻ
㲻һ޶ҳϵħ˽ϵʱأ
ַܵĴѾµˣǰĹ𣬻õ޶ָʾҪԼ
Ȼ֪ʲôַ֪ʱصϢˣһЩ˽ģҪ̡
Ҳ˵ʵѾ׼޶
Ǻǣ֪Σ֮
ʱҲûʲôˣûвҴšҪ޶Σ˭Ҳ֪ο㱳޶ȵ޶֪ʱѾַӵԶԶģ޶κΣ
֮˭֮ɲһ
ַҡҡͷôţԶʵַ忴ڣħһӲ
ⶼ籾Դ
򣡡
ַƺƵ֮һİʮ֮ΪƺƵһѹħ
ͣ
Щħһӱѹ촷ۣΪ뵽ַڽС

𿴵ַûнУдŭؿֲħЯźƺƵħַѹ
ò˵ħȷǺǿǿַʮս൱ʮλͨһˡ
ֲַΣѾûʲôˣǿһ㣬Ƕ֮𣬸˵ʮħĲࡣ
ֲ಻ʲôһЩսɾֲģҲֲˡ
ַȴһƿߣǿֶΣҲڽİʮ硣ǿֶΣʱ򰡣
ʱ侲ֹ
ַ૵ʱһεĲ˲䳯ǰħǶȥַĿ꣬ɲֻй𣬶ħ
ˣ
εʱ򣬷˹ʱϵı΢΢һ޴ħһӾסˡ
һû˿ķӦ
ˣԪԼħҲˡַ֮ǰϤʱհأʱҲ˸һ⡣
ֱӰǣַٴζʱʱѾļᡣ˿ַ̣ʱ򣬽ס
ǰַֻܽסһ˲ʱ䶼޷
ڣַȴаգܹסһʱ䡣
һڳ˵Ƿǳݣַǿһ˵ȴֱ̫̫ˣ㹻Խնɱˡ
𣡡
ַһİʮ˲併١ʱħѹ촷ۣΪŨ籾ԴһԶ뵽ڽС
תۼ䣬ڶħֻʣԪ𣬶ħַһιҲס
ʱ侲ֹǱֻħӲ޷ӳħԪһӣͱַʮħ
ÿһħΪ籾Դַɡ
Ҫǿһ㣬ַһιҲܶԹʮħʧһʱ䣬ַܹϡ
أ
ÿһιޱȵĳƣһǵ𣬾ͳ˻ӣַĹţιԪͿסûпַʱ侲ֹѾնħ
ֻйסˣҲʧħֻʣħ
ôʱأ
ɫ԰ףһʧħֱ롣ûʧôء
ңַ壬Ѿûκƣһ˿˿ǿҵΣ
вп˵ħиʧħٶȸʲô壿
ˣѹĵһʱ䣬ѡӣûһ˿ԥʮħ˲ȼգҪʩչߡ
ַȴͷŹʥһˡ
ӣ̫ô
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣڽ˲併١
䣡
ƺƵڽ˲С𾪻ʧ룬ȼħҲַܳڽ
Ҫɱң
ܲģ˺ѷεĴţַȴ޶ԣĮһڽ˲˷ӿ˹

һħɿıĥţ̶̼ʱ䣬ֻʣħĹֻܷһĵŭַڽ촷ۡ
дıĹ𣬳ʦδ־ûдɣȴַ׾նɱս޶̵ķҲ״ݻ١
ҫԪ𡢹ѾնɱսΣѾˣڿ˷֮ǰĳŵ
˵ַ꣬˲ӰһѾ·սսݡƺû˿޶̽˼ȫƾűȥ޶̵Щ
ҫʱҲӦ˹ս޶̵򣬿տҲ͵һҧǵãǵãô᲻ǵãһŶʯ̷ϡ֮ǰĳŵЧ޶ĽһӦʯȫռһ𣡡
ҫն֪ʱ޲ùϵ£ַ塣ԺַûţΪʯ͵һλǰ;һ


1343 磡
սսڡ
ַ徲ĿǰһѶʯǳ⡣ҫҲ֪֮ǰԤ󣬵ַ֮һЩѺۡ
ڵҫֻѸٵĲȡȵð취Ȼ棬㹻档ˣԼֻҪַܹ޶̵ĹƣǾٸһ򶨽ʯ
ڣһ򶨽ʯѾ͵ַǰ
սѾûжƿˣһƿߣһûУȥֱ룬׼ȡˡ
ַȴû뿪ǡսҲҫܰġҫҲַŵˣضὫ޶ΧڵĶʯͳͳѹΡһ𣬽ַ塣
ˣַҲųŵս
̣
ַûκԥ̽һŶʯ̵֮Ѿ̫̫籾ԴĲ˵ǹԪħħ߰ٶħתΪ籾ԴһЩת籾ԴҲķ
˵һŶʯˣһŶʯַڵ籾ԴҲ´࣬㹻֧Ŷʯ硣
ĿǰַڽѾ൱İʮսһŶʯԴԴϵġ磬ģַڽҲ˷츲صı仯
İʮʮ򡭡
ַڽ磬һһʮ硣˵ЩʯУƷʵĶʯҲ٣˿ô硣
磬ַʵһءǧ磬һЩ롣
ַѯʹΪʲôűԼ޶̣ûǧ磬ǧħħ
ĽַͣŻȻ
ԭǴﵽǧħǧƿߡħǶԸܵˡ
ҪôѰҶǶʯҪôѰҴ籾ԴʸĿֲǿߡ
Ķ߶ǵ𣬶ᡰӡǧǿߣ֮Ϊƽȣݵһ㣬ҵġ
磬űĺ٣ûҵַ壬͸˵ǧĶˡ
޶Ҳһ޶Գû㹻棬ҲЩǧħĴڡ
ǿߣһֻΪǿߣҲȽ٣
ַǿһǴڣʵǹ
𾡹ҰĲȴҲֻħˣַʱ£û˿ֿ֮
ַԸҲֵѾ
ûжô
ַ̧ͷ֮СѾܳʱˣս޶֪ܲҲ޶ԡ
Ϊսȫһսһ޶Ʊ⵽صĴûж޶̿и֮Σ
ַڵȣҿ϶޶ôưոݡҲĴǣûгֱ룬ǰ޶Χԭ
ʵԶԶ㣬٣Զǵַû˿ֵ֮

䣡
һ𵴣޶̲֪ԶһУ޶һŭ𣬿ֲƺƵ˷ɢȥ
ǽ򣬶һ˲䱻ݻ١
ǶǵĿ֮Ƕǵȫ֣ǿĽҲܱݻ١Ҳ޶߱ԶΧԭ
ǲԶ룬ȫ֣¸Ľ򶼻ᱻ򱬣˭Ҳòˡ
߱Ϲ㵱Ҫ뱾ݣ
޶һŭѾõϢ޶սƿ߶ֱ룬޶Ѿֲסˡ
ڣ޶Χ֮ڣƵϰȫĵط޶ˡ
ݣٺ٣޶Ҳ̫Լˣ͵Ϯ𣬽ű֮ܲĽͨݻ٣һ죿ŭΣѲңȻͨݻˣŸܲĽܿͻС鷳Ӷʱ䣬ٴοٽͨʱҲֻ·һ
߱˿޶в޶һǵ
ǵСǧУպվСǧ۷壬һһĪϡ
ǧУǵȴʲô߱ǧ磬Ÿܲʲô
ֻ𣬲Ҫ
һǵвϣģһҪնɱ޶ܲ񣬵ʱǵõܲʹͣʵ֪ٱ
ǳΪҲôһϣ
Ǹַ壬һһ𣬾ȵȵزãȻűҪ뱾ݣǱҲûʲôù˼ɵˡ
޶һ˿âȻ¶ʲôġ


1344 ̰
ಣ
һİĽȫȫһŵĽûκϢƺħһˡ
޶Ӱ壬ֻǻԶԶ統ǾǧħĻǿ
ֻǣһΪˡƭ߱𣬵»ն߻ֻһħֻ·Լ޶ʩ
Ҫսȴ𲻵ʲôá
޶Ļ޶ԶɵյƺŵĽУȻĿġ
޶Σȥ޶̸ôҲΣˣһűܲ´򿪽ͨΣˣ
ˣõİ취ǳ״ݻűûűṩһЩϸݣԼһЩǧűҪ򿪽ͨҲûôס
ʱϣΪǵˣűǿ٣
ǰҪȽĿǰΣĿǰ޶ԵΣűַ壬ܹնɱԪλ޶ѾûܹԸַˣȥ޶̵ĸҲֻǳ¡
ˣ޶Ļŵ
޶һƬյ򣬿һ綼ûУȴЦһ漴͵һ㡣
ˣ
ͺһȦȦһ˷ɢȥţյгһ޴ĳǳأͷ·һһبյУɢŲãϵϢ
˴˯
Ȼһֺ𣬾ͬԶŵħһ㣬ֲϢܱճƺ粽С
޶˿Ҳž޴ѹϾĽֻһ޹صĻˣ൱ͨһ
𣬱ãӭô
޶ɫЩѿž޴ѹǶǵȻصȡ
䣡
޴ĹųǷ·һױȣ·ɫһľˣӹųг֣һ˳
صһȦһȦĺɫʵȴһصħ飬ֱԼҲǧħ
ףԭ޶ʧԶӭʲô磬޶ƫƧĵطˣ
ħֻ۾ӸµĶ޶ȴһҲû޶ųǵ˼
Ȼ޶ǺܼɵġʹǧħĹϴڣվǶǵǵкܴĲ࣬޶ǲ
ʲôʱӱôСˣ⻹ǵֻǱһ߻㴵η屾
޶ɫ򲻵ѣǲطȥ
ǰ̰޶Ҳ򽻵򲻵ѣΣҲò޶Э
ٺ٣޶̫ʢôС
ˣҪ¡ϴ˼򣬾ͶħĲ˰ɣڱһҪҲĺô
޶˽ֱ˵ʵ
Ŷʲô£˵
Ҳ޷Ŀǰҵ޶űսһһ𣬺Ѳ޶̵ҶλΣصǰɽһ֮
ģҡҡͷ˵ЦˣӦ˵£Ҳ޼¡
޶֪ҪôԷ̰ħ綼ģˣ޶ֻһҧĿǰ籾ԴǱеĻˣȫ㡣
һ籾ԴɲһСĿ˿޶ҡҡͷϵľܾ籾ԴȷˣҲʹòСűɲǣοҪǾ͸ˡˣɡ
ҪԸľһһˡűλȻбȥԸôˣ
£ǡ
۾
޶΢΢һ飬֪̰û뵽ֵ̰ز籾ԴλǵҲûۺܳʱ䡣
޶ܲʱҲֻܼ롣
űűĽ磬һһ롣
޶˵
Ҫȫ
Ļ޶һ˿âǵ˵ͷãȫ㡣
ɲ
һΣ޶ŭˡ
㲻Ҫ̫̰ˣѵͲ±³֮󣬽Ҳһɱˣ
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ȴһνӣҡҡͷҪɱҵ˺ܶܶ࣬ƿеЩɱҵĲֹһλҵڻúúõġɱңǵÿ׵С
ƺһҲη޶
޶ʱ򣬷ƽ֪Ҫûôףܸ룬Ѿȫˡ
ʲôܴ̰أ
Ȼ޶Ժһ⡣
ټһʱصϢأ
ţʱأ
͵̧ͷĿһ˿֮ɫ


1345 
˵ʲôʱأ
䣡
޴ħ͵Ĵܵ޶ǰԵ÷ǳܲʱذУʱء
޶һ˿âһһǧħħȻҲʱءƽʱ޶
ڣȴòáҲֵðסĵĲ˵ԣʱءűУǸͻȻƿַ壬һ𣬶̶̼ʱ䣬ʹһսһһԾǿһܹʩչʱ侲ֹ̺ʱء
һӵʱأ
ҲЩ̫ˡʱأǺεȵĸĪ⣬һʱأ
Ҳֻ֪һƤë
ҲֻĽˡһ뵽ʱأоޱȵĻȣȻûгΪǵ𣬵ʱأİء
һգ˵ҲΪǵǵڸ߸ϵĽҲûпܡ
Ȼ޶һвȻа취޶
¹شһҪһԣһ֣ʱ򣬴˵ʱأǿԹͬ
Σþ졣
İɣʱӡҪȵõ籾Դ
һˣûкô£˵ƾοԵһλǵ䲻ǵ𣬵޶ķҲܴ޶Щ籾Դ
ˣõõ棬Ҳ
籾Դ㵽޶̣㣡
ãŽĳŵ
Ҳȥ޶̾Ҫ籾Դ˾ͲȥΪСĽθԸðգҲΪ˴˵еʱء
Ǿ޶̼
˵꣬޶ת뿪ˡ
޶ɳյĽֻͷһۣ񽥽
Щûôá
˵꣬޶ӰһʧӰ

𣬴ջ񰡣
ַ۾ӭҫ
ҫһϲ⣬û˵ֱӾ͸һѵĶʯԹ㣬ҲһʮŶʯ
űջҲСɣ
ַ忴һҫȻ֪űջж󡣱Ͼսһͻƣôֱܳ룬޶̷Χڵ򣬶۳ҡ
޶̿ϰӴô꣬ۺ
Ȼܻĵط޶ǣֻǣ޶̵ĴӪ޶ûгǰû˸ǰ޶ǡ
ˣչϰջҲ㹻ˡ
һʮŶʯǵһչεģ滹еڶַ嶼ЩԾ
ȻҲΪͨʯһƿ߶ϡңҫҪȻֵַűˡ
һռôĶʯ
ҫˣ޶̾ûʲôӦ𣿡
ַʵΪֹ޶̶ûзӦʵ̫ƽˣƽЩ
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ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴Цҡҡͷ޶̵зӦѾûˡҶλѾնɱ֮ǰϣλǰο󲿷ֳ϶սŴ֣޷
޶ѱ߱ǣס߶ûϣֻҪȣĵȴɨ޶Χ޶̵ʱ򣬵ȵűĽͨٶȴ֮ͨգ޶ڣ
ҫűѾȲʤȯˡ
ַû˵ҫ뿪ַȴ˳˼
ܾã޶һλǵ𣬿ɲôס󡱵ġôӲȻ
ǸܣһλǵսթôԸ
ַ޶̲ʲôʧҲʲôµ޶޶ĺġ
ֻҪ޶ô޶̾п̡ܷ
޶ôƽпʲôĶ
ַһ壬޶߱𣬲ˣ޶̶λҫȵȣֻӰˡ
̺ʱأ޶Ѿ֪ˡ᲻߱ˣԴ˻ȡ޶̵İߣ޶پʱ᲻Դʱ߱Ҳ֪̺ʱأ᲻ģ
ַԺתͷʵ֪һʼʱһ¶֪ӭЩ鷳
ֲһֱšǶ㲻ģôֻðգǿʵ
ֻʵˣʱˣӵʱأ˭κε
ַҪʵǿʵЩңԶʱ򣬲һҪΪ
ֻҪӵܹʵˡ
ƺһ󼰵Ŀ꣬ôȣ磬ͱﵽǧϲС
ַнȸУ·һ㡣޶̻űĿǰ޷ԿȻʵȻм䣬ȻдҲðա
̣
ַ̽ǰһʮŶʯͳͳ̽ڽУΨʵܴİȫС


1346 ٣
޶ǣ޶̵մӪҲǷι̵ĵطȻ޶̷ΧڣѾƿŰ޶Ǹȴûһƿ߸ҿ
޶ڣŴħħͨħڴˡǴ棬Ǿʵ̫Σˡ
ʣļλϣҲ˻
սı޶ȫ߱ȻսѾͻƣôսټȥҲûκ塣
ˣħ˻޶ǡ
޶ǶĻ̻̣֪ʲôʱ޶ͻܣʱ޶ǶҪħ·ڵһ뿪޶ǣǰȫɾ޷֤ˡ
Һ޶ǻ޶Ļûħ£Ļ֮£Ѿ֪жħˡ
ʣµļϣһǰȥ޶ĻõĻشֻһǾǵȣڵʲô޶ȴûȷĻش
ʱһһĹȥͻȻ޶⣬һİħ
޶ڵ޶һӭ˳޶ǵķİħ뵽޶С
ͨˡţѡһڣ
޶Եúܸˣʱ䣬Ҳǳıʲôʱõ޶̣Ȼ䵽ֵزħڶ޶вܱ֤ȫ
һλ𣿡
û˵
ٺ٣ǵȻû˵˵λһλĿֲǿߡ˵ħǧأǵˣͿ
λһλ档һֶΣǵ޿κΡû뵽Ȼһλǿħ޶оˡ
ħеĺܺ棬еĺɻ󣬵ȴǾϲ
𲢲ʲô֮෴ӵźպ¶ˣҲû齨ֻٲħ֪
֪ħжޱȵϲû뵽Ȼ𡰴СűҪ鷳ˡ
һʱ䣬ħҲʮ㡣
һ޶ǣ޶ڶħȴЩҡҡͷ޶ǣЩ̫á
޶ɫ࣬˵ű̫Ŀǰҵ߱ǣסˣ޶ű֮սű󣬿Ǹַ壬һ·ֱ룬޵У޶µڶħȻֻ
ǾͲһˡӦͨӦ˱ɣ
ҵȻӦˣϹأ籾ԴȸңҲ֡
һ̰ӣһ㶼ûиı䡣
޶һ飬ħ˭ָҺ˵ˣҲֻܰסĵĲ籾Դҵı֮УȻ㡣ϣһʱ䶯֣Ϊÿһ죬޶̵ʧͻһ֡
ԭ뽫籾Դħٶ֡Ҳ֪ǻķʱ䡣޶϶ķôʱ䣬Ͼڵ޶˵ΣڵϦһҲΪ
ҲգȻõ籾ԴǾ;ű󣬻Ǹӵʱصƿߡ
Ǽ¶һ˿Цݡ
ܿ죬޶Խ籾Դͳͳһ籾Դԭܹһħ
Խǵ˺棬ħԽѣҲԽԽ
𣬾ḻ籾ԴҲֻħѾ㹻ˣħҪǧܹ꣬ҵô籾Դ
籾ԴҲˣʲôʱ֣
޶ѾȲˡ
ʲôʱ֣϶ѾȲˣţǾڰɡˣҪǸϸϣԽϸԽá
ԣֻҪ϶֣ʲô
޶ڶȡֻҪҪ󲻹֣Ӧ
¶һ˿ЦݣĿ·𴩹޶ǣԶһ
ţ⸽ôƿߣɱ˷ˡ
£һȻѾ뿪޶ǡ
䣡
ͬʱѸͣԻֲħͬһΰľ˰㣬񱩵ħƺƵĺɨķ
ƿߣͳͳ˳޶Χ򣬱ɱ⣡
ƺƵѸٵĴķ
ͬʱңңһץ˲䣬ʮλƿߣȻûдﵽһǵĳ̶ȣҲǧ硣
ȴңԶľ룬һץУͬζһ㣬ֱӶ˿Уˡ
һʱ䣬ƿ߶𶯣
֪޶̵ľطһͬ籩һ㣬Ϣ·޿赲
һֲħʽˣ


1347 ʨӴ󿪿ڣŶʯ
û˵Ī޶̷ųҪԻǣ뿪
ܣ޶ʲôǿߣͳˣαصȵڣ
ҿɲʲôħ𣬾Ȼ޵С˶ǵħôǿ󣿸޻̸֮
ǵøϽһЩ磬ֻɲࡣ
ƿأڲϵһе硣˵ǧѷĻᡣòһսһʤˣչεսƷôģ
Ǽû˵еƺǿΣѵǿ޶Ҷλ
ֻǣǸûʶ𵽵жôĿ¡
䣡
Ȼһ
һױȵĿֲħ˽⡣
ôƿߣڽôԾͽ˰ɣŽҲһ̫⣬ΪЩƿ
Ǽ¶һ˿Цݣһ̣Ȼͬһް㣬ֱһһ
ڽڣ߽ΧƿߣǸǱˣͳͳ̽УΪ籾Դ
һʲô
ݺСǧ磬ɵĽûһҲмʮν׼պաֻΪ±Ƚϵ͵һһЩ򣬾ͻݷܳһʱ䣬ˣû޶̵һŴ֮Ĵ
ȴɸӵĿ¡
ǰս˰ɣݽϣǸʱصССƿߣսսڣ
ţܽ󻯡
޲ΧٶһЩƿߣܡ˳ǣ򡱣ٶһЩˡÿһ򣬶̺Ӵ籾ԴѾ籾Դûṵ̰̈籾Դ̫ˣ
޶һֱڹע
һ·ϣֱƲɵġɡЩƿߣҲܳ졣ͬʱҲٽ衰ɡ֮Ѿ˼
Щ򣬿޶Ժչĸ
޶ҲѾ֪鶯˶ٴΣ֣Сֱ̰̰ᡣһӶټ
𣬸ϽݻսץסǸַ塣
޶ƺҪʱòֹˡôȥܻű޶ֻʣ¼
ٺ٣Ҳӡ
Ҳ֪ʿɶֹõĺôѾ㹻ˡ
Ȼ޶̵Ľ򣬵űɲ޶̵һݻսͬԳֱ룬űһĽ
ңűƿڶ࣬дƿߣУǽƿߣǿɶһݷ˵籾Դ
̣
һţֱӳսݺһ̡ʱսݣȻֱӾͱ̽˿С
ôʱ䣬ûйʲôĶ֣һ¡

λһ𣬷׷ʩչڽ򣬳ݺײȥ
𲻾ϲſ죬ݺһҧ

Щһڽ򣬾Ȼͱһڸˣǵڽǵĸһڽ̣Ҳͻȥ
ǣһǿһҽûзڽɺ׵䡣
һʱ䣬սĬƿĿһĻȻһֺ⡣
ʵ̫ˣֱ޿赲ʲôʲôƿߣƺס
ססĵסúְɡ
ƿ߶ҫѶѾûˡ
ֻк𣬻֮һս

ʮ߰߰ʮ򡢰˰򡭡
ַڽ򣬳һ磬գһʮŶʯֳ磬ַڽҲ˶˰˰
ٶȣֱģ˷˼
ַȴɾʵ̫ˣҪĶʯѸʵѾԼһ޶̣µĶ
𣬿죬ְ޶µĶȻ̰űĶ߱Ŀǰǣƣ𡣡
ҫӰַǰ¶֮ɫȻεƺΣ
ʵΣ
ǵĵ飬λ𣬺ѾǧħܶݷĿǰʵ̫
ҫÿ˵һ仰üͷͽȻҲ֪𣬺ܲöԸ
ܶǰǧħ
ַЦЦҫһۣ漴ѵҫΪĳԸһǧħǿħ𣿡
ҫҲ֪ҪЩǿѣ֪˶ԸˣַԸˡ
ַûκζûֱӾܾõ֤
ôַҪĺô
űٸһŶʯ
ҪŶʯ
ʲôܣűûôĶʯ
ַʨӴ󿪿ڣҪŶʯҫɫ䣬ֱҡҡͷܾ
ַȴһҲżϾ˵ŶʯҿԶԸڣ޶ǣֻҪ޶֣Ҷܱ֤ݻ٣ű󳹵Ӯһս
˵ַ꣬Ͳ˵ˣ۾ĵȴҫĻӦ
ҫҧҧȴûеһʱܾ
Ŷʯòַġŵȴʮˡܴݻ޶ǣǲʹţűܳӮһսˣ
ҫ޷㴫Ѷ߱
߱޶ڴսӵϢԺҲͷ
ҽʱһЩƷʶʯھǲ͵սһգ򶨽ʯеġ
գ߱˾


1348 𣬳ɣ
жʯܹİٰʮţ߱ǧ磬һЩƷʶʯӦŶʯҪˡ
ҫǰһѶʯҲЩۡЩʯűĻۣһΣıַͿˡ
ͿնûдŶʯʮŶʯ
ҫԣƷʶʯ㹻ȵѰŶʯ´ˡ
ҫˣ
ַ彫Щʯȫ¶һ˿֮ɫҫ˿ַΪʮŶʯܾ
𣬶ʯҲˣʲôʱ֣
ҫеѯʵϾµ𣬾ͿҪսˡ
㽫սƿ߶ɣһҪ¡
ַ嵭˵
ţһȥֵ𣿡
ԣһӣ
ַѾ¶˾ģҫҲ˵ͷַ֪ûаգô˵ңһֵסַһҲʱߡ
ַ塢ֲΣûκƣʱ׸
ǾͰкˣ
˵꣬ҫת뿪ʼȥϽˣϾһ·ֱײݺңѾûʱͻִսˡǲ쳷룬һȵˣ볷붼ˡ
ҫ뿪ַҲĶǰŶʯ
ŶʯʨӴ󿪿ڣֻըһըҫû뵽ԷȻĴӦˡһЩСЩӴ
ַĺ֮ǰҫѾóôĶʯȻܴŶʯ
µӴƿɲ⡣ַҲĻˡ
ͻȻðһűֵϵսĳɰܣҫôַͬʨӴ󿪿ڣ
ĻᣬпֻһΡ
ôһøл㡭
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣλδı̸ʲôöøл
̣
ַûκԥ̿ʼЩʯڻд籾Դ㹻ЩʯͳͳתΪˡ
ʱ䣿
ʱ֮£ֻҪһʱ䡣
ַ徲ġȴš֪λ𣬺ܿͻˣ

ǳ죬찡
𲻶ϵƽκƿ߶޷赲һЩӵһЩƿߣһ𣬶вһС
һھܽһǵڽ£ֱңݺ޵С
ĳϣԽ𵱳ɶǴˣΪЩһǻһµ˵Ǵڣ޷С
ֱ˾
̫̫籾ԴڣҲ۳һħȻսУҲ۳һصħ
ˣűս
ڣϵսʵһҲżһٶȣűʱ䡣ű󣬻۳Ը
ȻԼţĿģ뽫űеƿһ򾡡̰˹˵˷κһλƿǶ̡ÿһλ𣬶Ǵ籾Դ˷ѡ
ֻǣӴħսʱȴʧˡУƿߣȴһսݶʧӰˡ
ˣ
Щ˼飬սôҪĵطô˵Ӿӣ˵ͳҪ֪ս˫ŻǶ޶̻ű˵ǳҪһͻƣͿԳֱ룬Էĸء
űôʹķսЩ֡
ţʣһսݣһλƿߣѵԸң
ϸһ漴һ޶ṩ鱨һ۾͡ϡ˳սеƿ˭ˡ
Ǹ̺ʱصĺ˼˼űô㣬ȻΪ赲𣿡
Ǽ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݡ
˳ͳˣ⣬Գֱ룬űĸأɽ򣬾ͲЩƿ߲֡
ַˣǻ鷳ȥѰҡ
ڣȴͲô鷳ˣΪַûߵĴ㣬רȴ
𣬳ɡűѵʹ㿿һսݣ赲𣿡
ƺƵսлصš


1349 ħ
ৣ
ַ۾
ʵϣһ̣Ѿ֪ˡȴΪڽУÿʱÿ̶ڵ硣
ַ˿̣籾Դʵ̫ŨˣʯȴࡣŶʯȫȥʱ٣Ҳһ͡
ʱ̫ˣ̵ַڵĶʯԶԶûȫתΪ硣
кη
ַڵĶʯĿǰֻת磬ĿǰַڽѾһǧһ硣
ǧ磬̶̼ʱ䣬˵ȥţʧķ衣
ʵַ弸ûκƿûܵκơֻҪжʯֻҪг籾ԴǱǡ޾
ûַ֪ļޣַԼҲ֪ļͷ·ûмһڣַÿʱÿ̶ڱǿڽ򣬾ͷ·ըһÿʱÿ̶ĵ
ˣ
ַվ뿪սݣնϣṳ̂һͷӰ͸ʵһ֣ͬʱֲϢҲɢ˳εʱ޼ɵɢķ
ѾûˣЩƿ߻ħڿ̽ҲںԶԶĵطˣַ岻ù˼ɻᡰˡˡ
ַһһȥһǧһ磬ѾƺƵ¶˿µƣħҲκβַ塣
ҵܾˣ
ַĿ⵭Ȼƽ˫֣ͷ·ǰǵˣһδһ
һǧһ磬⻹ǡһϲ
Ŀַһۣû뵽ַȻһǧϡҪ֪޶̵鱨ַҲͼˡ
ڣһ
𲢲Ϊ޶ƭΪûбҪôֻһͣǾ̶̵ַʱһ
ôֻǾϲûһ㾪ţ
ַЦЦ
ȷ˱ԤϣԽԽ˷ܡʱذҲֻʱأô̵ʱʵôࡣܵõʱأǵʲôǵʲôɾħҲǲܣ
˸һ˿˿ľâȷ˷ܡħ൱ƿеĽ޵ǿߣվе۷塣
ħеĿģǳΪħ
ֻǣħѳɣǵҲû˭аճΪħȻŽֻһǵǵ𶼲ǣȴҲСҰ
Ŀ꣬ϵħ
ʱأħûյϰأڻˣҪץסᡣ
ֵܵס̫ˣ޶öǵ𣬸ôĴۣҲҪ뱾Ϊ˵ôھ㿴ԳݺֶΣ
䣡
ϵϢȻīһĹΣصϡЩΣһصħ
ħʵ̫̫ˣൽԶԶȥֻһƬֲϢɢ˳
ħħһǧħ
ħͱַ˿̵
һ㵽ֲΣħһأǶ֮𣬸˵Ƕء
ǣħħЩ⡣

ʩչħʱһصһһĳַӰ
ʱ侲ֹ
ǽħ֮ıƴ˫˽ħһǽһʱ侲ֹ
صڲϵĻײš
ַܸоܷ·ֽоѹ֡һǧһ磬ͷ·Ľס
Ψһûнסģʱ򸲸ǵķΧ
ַʱǽ򣬸ڽ仹ʶɢʱֻǸһķΧ
ʱ򸲸ǵķΧ֮ڣʱ侲ֹԸǿħ޿κΡħҲħһΧǳ㣬ʱҲֵܵסеĽ
ˣڸӹķΧ֮ڣĽãѹַڽʹһʵѹϡ
ַ廹ǵһʱû뵽ȴѹˣһķʽѹƣǵȷҲѹơ
ǣٶȱʱ򣬽ʱķΧ󡣵һȴ
ǰ𣬵ȷһѲĶ֣


1350 ƴģ˭˭
ɱ
ַͺһƺƵĽ֮ı˳һ㣬һһѸٵס
䣡
ʱ٣ַʩչʱ侲ֹһΣܵġɡƺǰδеǿħȻתţǿħԽǽĵطܵĽԽ
ˣַȫԸһȭһǧһ֮Ҳֻǿĺϣֻʣ˲һ

һҲ֮ˣһȭ֮£ϵħ˲ʮħ
ֻһιĻᣬַ֮䵽ʱѾѡʱ
ʱôҵħ޷ֵ
ţƺûо⣬Ҳûп־ͺ£˷ܣҲԽԽ
ַ壬΢һ
ʮħѾ൱ڼʮһħˡ˵ȴʲôʧ˼ʮħһǧٶħ
ַأ
ʱ򣬡ֹһ𣬾Ҫܾ޴ĸɡ١ֹڶΡ࣬ĸɽӳء
ֱӱڽı
ַ廹ǵһô֡Ķ֡
ʱأ԰һһ𣬾Ȼʱءֻϧ̫̫ҪʩչʱԸӦûܾ޴ĸɰɣڻܳܶٴôĸɣ
ƺһ۾Ϳַĵϸһһ޴ħַ塣
֮
һͺӴħɢһȦһȦĽ֮ǰǿʮϣһȦһȦַΧס
ַҲżѸʱֻԼһƬʱ侲ֹһʱ򣬾ͳ׵ľֹһ
ȻһһΣͬˮһԴԴϵʩչַʱ
ΧʩչʱĺСҲҪĵġĽ򵥣ܴ
ˣһδεģַһüͷ塣
Ȼץס㣬ģһǧħǿħĵ
ַأʩչʱıʹ󣬻ҪܶԷĹģȻ͸ˡַսǿʱһЧһٵ춨ʤ
ڣҪ뵽ս֮УһĿʼģ϶ԶԶ
ַ壬ûãֻܺͱƴģΪ
ƺԶַ壬һȦһȦĽ֮ķַ塣ԴԴϣͬˮһ㣬ͣЪ
ƴģ㣿
ַҲһ˿â򲻵ѣǲͶԷƴģΪòʧڿƴǲˡ
ǣԸ뿪ˣõŶʯɾûˡȻʯѾˣھ·ҫҲ޿κΡ
ҫ޿κΣ߱Ҳ޿κΡһλŭ֮£Ҫַ壬ַˣ϶ҷ˸ֻܴʱ֮У
򣬱֣߱Ǿ鷳ˡ
οƴģַҲ¡Ҫ֪ոյõŶʯŶʯڻûȫתΪ硣
ÿʱỵַ̈ڽУڵ硣ˣַҲ㹻ĵƴһƴġ
¹˭֣δ֪
ˣַҲԥ̵ʱ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַʩչʱ侲ֹʼˣһֱǿ
ˣ
Ӱεʱ򣬴صħħ֮ϡԴԴϵĽڲϵĳʱ
ӴħҪһӴħʱĸǿֲ
ȻַĸҲͺܳء
ַȴ޷ˣʩչʱ侲ֹסֹס֮ٵȫݺݵĺ
䣡
ַƺģħÿһκʮħʧ
Щħֱַ֮һֱӾ뵽ڽУתΪ籾Դڽе硣
ιɫЩѿˣħַ弸κѾһǧ½ڵһǧİء
ħ
ȻַʧҲܴ󣬼ǿʩչʱ侲ַֹڽѹܴĸɷǳأҲڽܣ
һξʮԽÿһα͸ࡣ
ʮ򡢶ʮʮ򡭡
κַҲʧϰ硣ƺʧԶԶû󣬵ǰΣڽܳܡ
ÿһʩչʱ侲ֹڽͻܵصķɡôȥڽҲбĿܡ
ҺжʯҲд籾Դַ廹ʧħתΪ籾Դ
ˣʧһ磬̶ʱڣֵʮ磬ʧ͡
һʱ䣬ڱƴģַҲռϷ硣𣬴˺Σյľء


1351 ʱתüʱգ
ô£Ϣû½٣
𾪡Ǿܵļ㣬ǱƴģôʤӦôڣʧħַϵϢȴֻ½һ㣿
ַ籾Դ磬Ҳô졣
ԣʱ٣ܹʱ٣ܹٺܿ졭
Ժһ⣬뵽ʱ١ͨƿߣһ۷ƿߣʱҲ޷̫졣Ϊʱ٣Ҳ籾Դ
Խʱٲ̫ĵ籾ԴԽ󣬸͵òʧ
ַʱأͲһˡҪ籾Դ
ȻֻĲ²⣬Ĳ²ֱشַȷʱ򣬵ʱ䣬Ҳȷ籾Դ
ȴû籾Դ磬öʯһ硣ֱ̫˼ˣûۼ˭ţַڽܹô硣
һʱ䣬Щżˡ
籾ԴҲ籾Դ
һͺ𣬶ʱԭʧħ͵ĿʼɢһȦȦīĹΡ
Ũ籾ԴϢȻҲսУͶ籾ԴƴۣҪħ
ò˵ħٶȺܿ죬ַڽе磬ԾҪࡣ
ǣʱƣַϢ½ǻģ˫Ҳڳʧ
һǧİһǧһǧһǧһһǧ򡭡
תۼ䣬ħֻʣһǧ
ַ壬Ҳһǧһ򣬿ʼѸ½½ֻ˰硣
߷ıƴģʵַѾռһЩơַٶȣԶԶ
Ͼ˰һǧʵѾ಻̫ˡ
ȥַ˼ܾˣⲻҪĽ
ţ
ַȻüͷ֣ڽ籾ԴѾտҲԭڸղŵıƴĵУ֮ǰûгĶʯҲȫˣɵֲĵ硣
ԭռƣƴҲ塣
ڣ籾ԴûˣҲ޷ٳ磬ˣڽȻࡣ
ҲԲַ쳣Цַ壬籾Դˡˣ𶼲㳷ˣû뵽ôܿһжˣʤվǱȻʧЩ󣬵ûϵʧħܿ޻õʱأܸһ
̲סĴЦܲЦһַıƴʧءַѾǿ֮ĩҪ˳ַ壬Ҫһʧ
ʵ½һ붼ǲܡ
ôʧˣǼֱ޷ܡ
ҺãʤЦ
ַĿȻ֪ȷ޷ƴˣٺȥɣ
ַȵľһ̣
ΪԶˣ
ţʲô˼ѵ㻹ܷ̲ɣ
üëһɲַ廹ʲôصֶΡ£صֶΣˣȵڣ
ַǼЦݣܸоЩë
ַ屳˫֣ڽ򲻶ϵķţʱ򣬱鲼ΧֵĽ
Ӯˣ
ҵʱ򣬾ֻ
ʵ̫СʱˣȻôõʱأҾ㿴һʱأ
ַɫȻϣӰεʱ򣬷·ڵˮһҵĲ
ʱת
ַȻȻʩչʱתѾܾúܾöûʩչʱתˣΪʱתʵ̫󣬸ʵ̫ء
ֻеԸ޵ʱַʹùʱת
ڣַ˽ˡʱհء֮Ҳ֪ʱתʱ侲ֹȫͬʱתʵǣ浽ʱհء
ַڶսʩչʱתһΣҪתĶȴ𣬶Լ
䣡
ʱַϣʱַֻоΧһУ·һŤһֺȻ˶˽ȥ
Լ䣬·𿴵һޱȾ޴󣬺޾յгӡ
ʱճӣַ崩ʱ֮żʱճһֻǸӺƴ󣬸Ӱ硣
ңһҪǣʱճӣַƾԼʱתſʱճӡ
һ˲䣬ַȻһ
ʱգʱգʱգ
ʱתüʱգ


1352 תʱգ򱬵
ʱճӰ
ַ峤̾һʱճӣƾԼʱճӣΣʱճӣֻһ˲ַֻһ˲ʱ䡣꼻һ֣ץסᣬʱճӾͻ᳹׵ʧ
ǣַˣ·Ϊһ⣬ܲͶ뵽ʱճ֮С
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ʱճʧˣַҲɹʱתֻһ˲䣬ȴ㹻ˡһתȫʱաת
ַת֮ǰȫʢʱڵһ̣һǧһһ̡
ƣ
ַ߸ϵ飬һ˲䣬ʵ˲ָ͡ˣûһ㡰ơĸоǿֲȫȫϡ
⡭ôܣ
ɷǳ𾪣Ͳ֪ʲô¡ַתʱ䣬üʱճӣַֻһܹˡ
תԼʱգָ֮ǰȫʢʱڣܹһǧһʱ̡ڣԱȫת
ַһǧһ磬ֻһǧħ
ѹȫȫѹսַȫѹ
䣡
ַһȭݺݵϣûʱ侲ֹĽַľǰҲûκô
ǣħѸٱ𣬾ͬѩڻһ㣬ַһǧһѹ֮£Ѹٱ
һǧ򡢾Ű򡢰˰߰򡭡
ϵħ˲ͱһ룬ֻʣħңַڼѹһ𳹵ѹ촷۵ơ
꣡
ַĶȴͣڽʲôˣţһǧһ磬˲Ρ
ܲסˡ
ַţʱתֻʱתַ忿Ļǽʵϣʱ򲢲ַС
ǽ򣬲ʩչʱתʱתȴҪڽΪ֧šֻһ˲ʱ䶼ûУַڽѾܲסˡ
ǣֱַˡԭΡֻʣ˰磬תʱ֮ǰһҪղꡱʵǽ˼ޣʱճѵ
˰磬ַΪתʱܵġɡּʧһ硣
ֻʣ߰磬ַҲֵˣΪңֻʣ硣
ַ߰廹ʱȻܲʱתʱ侲ֹû⡣ڹϣҪѹסĽһͷ
ռϷ磬ûκη̵սȥȴֻһǾǡ䣡
ǣܿ˾
޶ҲˣʧأѾȫκβַĶ֡𲻷ˡ
˵꣬תҪߡ
ߣѾô
ַƺƵʱ˲䳯ֶȥûзŹĴ㣬ʧôأնɱֲʧǾĿˡ
Ҫߣ˭Ҳ赲ˣ
ŭһ漴ϳһ쳣ĲЩǹ򲨶ֺ񡣻ɵĹâסַʱҲˡ
ৣ
ʧˣôƾʧַǰ
ַɫ͵һ䣬ϵɨΧֻϧûзκټҪ֪⻹ַһΣʩչʱ侲ֹ֮£ʧ֡ˡ
ղʱٵ֮£ƺһʱ򣬴ʧˡ
Ϥʱգԣûʱ䣬Ӧǡռ䣡
ַһռԽԽоռûнӴʱַʱ䷨ռ䷨
Ǹʱʱ䷨ռ䷨ʵֻڲķ򣬽ֻǷˡܹСǧ硣
űʵĲͬ
ַյʱ򣬲ʱ򣬵ռַȴûգһͷûС
֪ʱյİأʵ˿ռ򣬶ʱհأҲкܴİ
ֻǣռַ嶼ûм
һ˿ռ򣬾Ǻ磬ûпռĽҲֱÿռŲơΪΣΪʱ߿ռ򣬶СǧΪ
ֻҪСǧķΧ֮ڣá
ѵ˿ռ򣿵Ϊ֮ǰսʱã
˵ֻǵõĳ̺ռıˣ޿֣ݺǵ𶼲η塣Һ޶ּۻۣ޶Ҳġ
ռ򡭡
ַĿһʧķһ˿ɫ


1353 ռ֮
ˣ
սǧյУ͵ĳһӰ˽УΪǱ
ַ塭
İȵӰȻ֮ǰսַƤӵʧ
˿̵ϵϢ䵽˼㣬ģΪǱӻóһԲֻ̣ԲоŸӡԭӶģսһϨ𣬾ֻӻš
ʹõһοռ䴩Ļᣬַ壬㺦ģ
ҧɫࡣ
õռֻ̣֮һϨģʣ°˸Ӷţſʹá
һӣһδĻᡣħƿߣʹռ̣֮Сǧд
֮ǰֻʹùΣΣյʱ̣һΣһǵǰѡ
һΣҲɾټҲǿſռ̣֮𻹲η޶ĶǵҪץסַ壬ַʱء
ֻϧСַʱأûץַ壬䡣ķһδռĻᡣ
Ҫ֪ռ̵֮ÿһδᣬʹһαĻᡣڰװ˷һαᣬܲŭ
뵽֮ǰռַ̺֮ʱ١ȻԸŵĴ󡣲΢һ㣬ľ붼ࡣ
ⲻɫ࣬һ֪ԭĿռ̣֮ҲиɻҲа취Ըŵġ
磬ַʱͿԸŵĿռ䴩һΣֻǸţһַ壬ַʱǿһЩǲǾܳסֹʹÿռ̵֮ĻᶼûУ
˵ʹˣҲûκá
Ǽпܵģʱأ۹죬أǿʵڿռ֮ϡ
ֻϧûռ򣬷ĻҲôˡܵõַϵʱء
ɫ࣬һˣ˺ܴͷ֪ʲôʱָܻ۷״̬
Ҳ֪ˣĿռ̲֮޽⣬ַϵʱأ졣
ֻҪһᣬһץסᡣ
ʧأܿͷϳ
𣡡
ոշϳͿһˣȻ޶˿̵޶ɫ࣬Ե÷ǳŭ
޶ĵǿ졣ʵʵ˵κβǸַ塣ҲˣʧأҪޣط۷塣
ҲԸٺ޶ίߣֱ˵˵
޶ЦһҪޣԣ籾Դ㾲޵ĵҲͱûйϵ
ţ籾Դ
ҲЦ˵Ӧʧص˺̶ֳȣҲҾȫ䡣Ҳûгŵһַ壬籾Դ޷ط۷塣ڣԺҲᶢַ壬һʲôҿѳ֡
ѳ֣޶̶֪֧ܲŵǸʱ򣬻Ҫ֣籾Դ㻹ҲûҲû
һʱ䣬޶ϵϢֻһ߻Ƕǵκε
߻ǲвˡǣ٣Σֲǲֶ֪Σһλǵǰߣ׾١ҿǲöһ٣˺Ƥڵ޶˵ûκκô෴һһֱַ壬Щʱջָʵٴγ֡ٶһЩ籾ԴҿٻָʵΣ
籾Դ㱾Щ籾ԴԼҲӸˮƯǿߣϣǵĻ
޶Ҳ֪ȷκβҲֻܰ֡
ֻǣȴѾ£˿ɣһ޶ܹȹΣ޶ڳ֣ǿ϶һʱ䡰ʰ
ΣҲǵһԶǵˣԶ߸߷ɣ嫵Сǧ磬ǵǿԺ嫵Сǧ磬ҲѰһħ
ˣ޶ŭû˿η塣
޶ջ޹뿪ϳ
Ȼ޶ȴûжôĸˣ޶ˣҲˣҶĺܲҡ
ַ壬ȱָʵһٶ£
漴۾ʼöĻĻָʵ


1354 غ
û뵽û뵽ȻܻҪ֪ǿǺպ𣡡
ҫ𿴵ַȫʤѾһʱ˹˷֮ɫܲ˷ܣԭΪûжʤ㣬˭뵽ַʤˣңУٶʱڣ޷ٽ޶ű֮սˡ
ַ΢΢ҡҡͷź˵ϧˡ
ǺնɱҪǣҲҪ籾Դʧأֲ
ңؼǣַоһ˿ввЩǵûдַġ
磬ַͲ޶
ƺпռıɳԶԶ޶ܱġˣַҪնɱ󻼡
ֻϧȴûгɹ
ҫȴܸˣЦ˵ôױնɱڶǵǰߣǵκβ𡣺ܹܡˣѾǳˡٺ٣𶼰ˣ޶̻ʲôֶΣ
ַ˵ͷ֪޶̴ȥ
ԵĻҪʯʯ籾ԴҲҪ
ַ֪һս󣬼Ϊű춨ʤ֣ʧôأȻű
˵˵ģŸһҪ󡣡
ǣַҲ˵ֱӽսУҪʱ侲ޡʣµ£ҫĺܺá
صսеҵУַһڽʵ̫ˡַ۷ʱڣӵһǧһ硣ڣȴֻʣ߰򣬶ҶǧٿףҪʱ޸
ַ嵱ʧأҺãûаװʧңڽУΪ𼸺һǧһ˴籾ԴΪתʱ䣬࣬ټĶԺģķ籾Դ
ˣַڴ˿̵籾ԴҲ൱ĳ档
ַʧ磬ʵԵʧϾҪģȴֵסˣҲġ
磬ֻѭڽѭսһҲġֻʣһ籾Դڽˡ
߰磬ǰĶʯԳ硣ܳ硣
ַԹһ£ʵܳ磬ǾǾŰ磬磬Ǿ͵ÿűˡ
ţűԲᡰʧš
ַû̫ڵĽĻ֮ǰʩչʱתԼһʱճӡַĵģܲ١ʱճӣҪ
ңʱַҲ״̬ʱתƺǣ浽ʱգַֻ˽һЩʱյİذˡ
ԶԶûеʱյĵز
һԡ
ַһóһʯͷһץ
꣡
ʯͷΪ촷ۣɢյС
ʱת
ַʩչʱ򣬿ʼʱת
ˣ
ʱתһΣַ岢ûԼΪԼйأˣһɲǣȻҲʱճӡ
ֻǣתʱ̣ܶʱճַҲǾһƳ漴ʧˡ
ȵַعʱǰѾһõġʯͷ
ʯͷ֮ǰһģһʱתصַ֮ǰûС顱ʯӡڲĹ춼ȫһ
ֱ񡣱ϾûƬȫͬҶӣʱתǾͲһˡ
ԣڵ籾Դôһࣿ
ַһоЩԾڵ籾ԴǳУνյһڣȴԵ޹ʧˣǳ׵ʧˣûһۼ
ѵʱתԵıʯͷת״̬Ҫ
ַüͷƺİסʲôץס
غ㡭
ַ뵽˵ʱһЩƼغ㡣Ե޹ʵ࣬ҲԵ޹ʵļ١
ղʯͷѾˣͨʱתȴʯͷȫָҪʯͷȻڽ͵ü
ˣѹ֮ǰ޷Լתʱպ״̬תʱպֿʲôάغ㣿ˣֻ֧һ˲ת״̬
ַƺѾװסˡתʱ䡱С
ʱվأҲҪغ㡣С
ջͦǶʱհأҲǰһ֪ˡ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡֻ֪пٵǿڽֻڽԽԽַ࣬Ҳܡתʱ䡱¡
ֱʱհأ


1355 ߱ټ
ȣױȵӴʱĽ֯һ
һһֲľˣһһӴĽӰħ֮ҲײţƾС
޶Լ߱ڡġƴսʵûиǧ꣬ƶѷֳʤ
ֳʤڵҲǰܾ˵ĿԺܴĿǰ˫ھǣŶԷоȥ֧Ԯ޶űս
ţ
Ȼ߱ƺյʲôѶϢ漴Ц޶ˡ㸶޴ĴۣѾˡ޶ǣĻ򣬵ֻһħĻʲô޶ǣ綼䡣
߱ĻԣΪ޶ҲӷõʧܵϢң޶ŭǣܣȴҪ̵籾Դ
֮
޶ֱöǵ۰ϰһʲôʱܹ
ƱǿҲÿʵټű󿹺ȥûаô
ôȫ޶̣޶޷¶ġ޶ϰÿ궼޶ṩ籾ԴҲкܴĺô
߱űȷһռ޶нΣֻҪûűգ
Ŷ޶űηвڵȷûԺɾ˵ˡȵűĽڳ֣ĿתΪ㻹ңڣ
߱ҲЦһԡǴűܲ٣Ȼ֪űһ޶ֻǶǵˣűܲϵĽµУ
½ֻ΢Ͷһ˿Ŀ⣬Ҳ޶ܹܵġ
߱㵱Ҫƣ
޶ɫࡣ
һɲһƣ
߱նû˿ء
ֵز޶Ҳȡˡ
߱𣬱һٻ
˵꣬޶һŭ𣬾޴ħ͵ȼħħ൱޶̵ġȫħ
ôֲħһȼգ˿ֲͬɽһ㣬ƺƵӿȶ
߱ǶҲһֻܾȫֵ
䣡
߱һ֮£޶Ѿٺ󳷣ʧӰ١߱ȴҲû׷ȥʵ׷ȥҲûκã޷޶
ǣǧĽͨ´򿪡޶Ǽɵͨ´򿪣ˣƴȫߣ߱𽩳ˡ
ʵϣ߱Ҫ´һͨǽҲúķһôס
޶Ҳã٣űˣռ޶̵ΧӴˣűȵһνͨ򿪣ٽټλűܼš
Ϊһɣһνͨ򿪣߱ҲһܲĽ͡
ţܹʤǸƿ߳С˵ƴܾˡƺһЩܣΣٴܣǧ磬ҲʲôǲЩΪűƿߺģ˵Ҫʯ´νͨǾܲһЩʯ
߱Ѿ˾Ҳֱű󷵻ء

Űʮţиá
ַ忴ڽУµٶ磬ڽеѾоŰʮˡ
ҲסեɡַڽġǱܡ
ɶʯһЩֻܴﵽˡ
ˣˣ޶Ǳˣ
ȻַдҫϲޱȵĴ
ৣ
ַ۾һʱ뿪ҡ
ҫ˵ʲôˣ
޶ˣ޶̵ĴӪҲ޶ħħ磬ǰʱ䣬߱Գֹƣ޶Ѿ׸ˡ
޶̸ˣ޶أ
ַüͷʵĲ²ƺһЩ롣޶Ӧòôưոݲǣڣ޶ȴˣ޶϶ᷢ¡
޶Ѿˣ伣߱ǶСģʵҲη壬޶ȶǵ𣬱˭ϧűнӴʱܴ򿪽ͨ޶ѾһͿأ޶ҲƻͨˣٺűΪѡĻȵűܲĶǽ٣һ׷ɱ޶ݣ
ҫȻűԵúš
űӴƬİƫƧСǧ磬һ޶ֻǶǵʲô
޶ű赲һΣ޷赲ΡΡ
űȥǾֻ·һˡ
ַȴأűԲ޶ַ岻СοлַҲ֪޶᲻ᰵж֡
ˣֻСĽ޶ֻҪһ첻ַͲɾ衣
ˣ߱Ҫ㡣
߱𣿡
ַЩ죬ǵ˵ͷҫ·ҫѸٳűȥ


1356 ߱̽
ַһֱҫ֪Ϊ߱ټʵַǲ߱棬ϾôһַҲΣա
Ȼʱӡǣ򲻵ѣҲװ˷ôһöʱӡǡ
ܿ죬ַҫѾűĴڴϣһ뷢԰ף׷ͯգüĿº͵ߣһЦ⣬Ҳû˿ǿϢͷ·һͨһ
ҫȴһݼ߱𡣡
λߣȻű˴δǧ罵ٶµĶ߱
߱𣡡
ַҲ΢΢һ񣬱Ŷλ𾴡𣬻ǧ粻ʲôСǧ磬ȴѾǲ۲۵Ķǿˡ
ѹһͷģֻ
ǴڣСǧ統ж֮٣ֻ꣬ȼڱչأѰܹΪڵ;ǰ֡
ˣʵƿ߻ħܹȽϳ۷ǿߣǶǴڡСǧ統еĶжǴ
߱۾ַһ̣ĿѾַϡ
λؾǺ˰ɣζ㣬ܻ𣬷Ļ޶Ҳôͷˣ޶˵һ˶ҲΪ
ַҡҡͷˣûס޶Ҿǿնɱħٶ࣬Ҳ޼¡
⵹ʵַȻ⡣նɱ޶̵ĳϡ𣬹Ȼܲû޶ǰ֮¡
߱ǣס޶ַôô᣿
;ǹͣ𲻱عǫĹͣѾܲ㱨˵ҪʯʱܻȻͨͨĶʯ
ַϲǾ̫л߱ˡ
ֻϧ㲻ű𣬲֪ԸԸű󣿡
߱Ҳˡš֮ģλʵҲֻܲǽСǧ磬ٹСǧ硣
ÿһСǧ磬ĸĻɻࡣһַӦűǺʣַͱ߱ӡ߱ĸ
űҲһ˾ĵطҪΪ𣬿ûôס
ַһջҡҡͷܾˡʱأ߱Ҳ
Ժ֪߱أ
һűӴ̫࣬ⲻᱩ¶ܡ޶ħΪʱض˷񣬺οƿߣ
ʱأϸ˵Ҳһֹƿչģˣʱزܱ¶ٲܱ¶
ϧҲգ˸־οôҲһ֮ңڣű󣬷ԺΪƿҪԴʱͻףűĺôˡԺű󣬿ʱұ𡣡
л߱ԺҪűһǰѰ𡣡
ּ߱һַ͸뿪ˡ
ַ뿪ҫɫʵʲô𣿡
߱ҡҡͷ˵̶ʱڣͳɳزȷܿɡղűʹһЩؿֶ̽Σûзʲôرصĵط磬ҲǻȻɣûκεĲסţôʱ𣬿϶һЩءΪһЩأ͹Ӳţű硣
οСһҲˣˣ޶ȫһ֮£ӳˡûȫİգҪ֡
ҫɫòȻ֮ǰһУװģΪԻַ塣ʵϣѾһЩ˼߸߱
ֻǣ߱ûпʲôšŹַ塣
ˣֽ׶Σǻ£Ϊ
£ΪţַҪ뿪ˣĶʯɣ޶ѹε˴ʯҲǽһԵ
ã̾͸ȥ
ǣҫҲѸٵĸ뿪
ַ߱ԶȥıӰ΢۾૵ȤСһһЩɣΣûмűԶҲ֪·ҪԴǺӴһСǧ磬жԴ
߱ҡҡͷҲͲ۾ʼޡԣַҲֻһСһˡ
ƿߣ߱Сǧ磬̫̫࣬һΪ֮ӡ
ҲֻǳΪ
ûбӴǸ붼ȥ룬ˣַʲôأûѡű߱Ͳ⡣


1357 
ǹ޶ǣõһЩʯܼҡǾ߱ͬ⣬ֲʧ
ַո뿪ҫ׷ֱóŶʯ
߱ˣ
ַĿһҫʵһֱ֪ű޶ǣջķᣬűȴһֱûиʯ
֮ǰ֪ԭ֪ˣԭþ߱ͬ⡣
׼ȷ˵ٵַ֮߱С
ԺĻỹء
ҫҲת뿪ˡ
ַ΢۾еŶʯ΢һʵѾŪĿǰĴ
ղȥ߱Ӧþ߱ҵ̽߱ûпϵʱأһأӦʱˡűܶǵþ췵غ硣
ַ΢΢˿߱һʱˣ֪áˣԶű
ܿ죬ַͷص˺ֻܲлص˺磬ַŻоȫʵϣְַ֪ȫֻһ֡
粢ȫΪ𣬻޶ڰУַҲ֪ʲôʱᷢѡ
ʱӦò⡣޶ֻӴܣ٣űӦöеע⡣һټűԲӲ
ҲشҪָҲҪһʱָˣٶʱڣַǰȫġ
ַҲнȸУʱ䰲ȫܴοű塱޶ǷǳΣյġ
ǵʵǿܹȫ
Ŷʯ
ַĿǰֻоŰٶ磬ˣеҪָʵһǣŶʯȫɣڻд籾Դ㹻ڽ򳤳ˡ
һ򡭡
Ŷʯ㳤ʮҵ硣һεĶʯƷʶ̫ߣˣֻʮ硣
Ҳ㹻ˣ֮ǰŰʮҵ磬Ŀǰַ磬ѾһԾһǧ
һǧ磬ַԸоٶԽԽˡ籾ԴҲĵĲˣʯҲûˡ
籾Դ붨ʯȱһɡڣű޶֮սҲˣҪٻô籾Դ붨ʯɷǳѡ
߱ᵽűĽͨͨűܲĴʯַͲʲôϣ
Ȼʵַ廹һ취ǾµˣŵĽ򡰲һЩʯĻۡ
ֻǣַ崴ˣȻĿǰк硢ڱ涽硢ˡˣԣѾģӴˡ
ƫ٣ű̲޶֮űȻܴ
ңЩѾַѹһ飬ʯѾٺ٣¡
䵮ٶȣַյµЩÿһַܹṩһٿŶʯѾܲˡ
ַõĶʯÿζǼšǿĻֻۡűӴĻۡ
ʵϣһһĽһܹʮŶʯͺܲˡ
һַܹչһٿŶʯһһŶʯһһ
ƺܲʱһλһ𣬵ǰǣҲַܺһӵлܹ֮ɶʯӶ硣
ֻϧɶʯӶˣַֻһ˰ˡʱһŶʯַ͵Ȳôʱ䡣
һŶʯһʱŰŶʯȥҪʱ䣬ܻڿŶʯ

һ򣬶ʯ޾һĶʯ󣬾Ͳٵʯˡ
磬޶ΧڵĽ򣬻űΧڵĽ򣬴󲿷ٲʯˡ
ĻֻŻǧŶʯڿŶʯˡ
ʵȴǣַѹ޶ű󼸺жʯҲֻǳһǧˡ
ˣַµĽĲʯһҲ޷ڿŶʯԶҲ޷Ϊ
ַ뾡磬Ϊ𣬾ֻһ취ֻţ
Ǵ£˵Ÿǹϵƿߵ棬ַһ˶
ǣַҲ˸߲㴫Ѷټ˵и߲㣬˵ˡ


1358 Ұ
ʱţһʱܿ͹ȥ
˳Ҳǿһżг֡
˵ûУ˸߲ܲˡ
Ȼ˵ˣǰǻ˵ģҲˡǼԣǻ츱Ҳ˺ܲ
˵Ҫˡ˳Ȼͺܿ죬ĵţδйֻеĺڱš
Ǵ°һţǾͱضսҵȲлʵˣ
ַټλ߲㣬߲ɴҲһЩĸƿߣҲ˺硣
˿̣ܲϣֻˡˣȴ˵ĺĸ߲㣬Ծ˵
ַڴϣĿһɨ
𡢶ԼܽЩĿǰ˵ĸ߲㣬Ҳַεˡ
Ȼַ壬˺ĸ߲ҲͲֻˣˣȴѾԾ˵ĴˡңȫεˣַҲὫ䰲˵ĺĸ߲λϡ
𣬶һ𣬼ַ壬Ǿһں嫵СǧУʵҲ㲻ˡ
ϾһҲǴײˣ洦ɼһһλһ𣬶۰һΪһ֮ˡ
΢ǿһһ𣬶ӵʮ
ţ
ȿڵ
ԣţҲ̫ǿҪǣ˵ûһƬױ˷ָҪţĿҲǵýͨһƬ
ַҲϸǹ˵⡣
˿ƺӴƺ򡣵ЩȴûһƬ磬޷һƬ˵ΧĽҲ޷һƬ
涽򣬸ǹһΧû˵Ľ򣬼ȫ
涽֣ǳɱʵ̫ˣҲ̫ˡҪӦҪܳʱܸϵ涽;Σա
ȻַҪţҪĿĻΪѹζʯ˵ѹ硣һųɹַҪʯƿ߻磬ǾǽԴϲ
˫жȥš
Ŀǰһ𡣵𡢶ԼܽȴһĺԶ
ַķ֮£ΪǿĺܣһǶʯˣǿԳΪһġ
ԼǵľĿǰ˶ֻһǧңһһ磬Զ
Ͼǿ޷ɶʯӶ磬Ҫȥһ磬ٶȻǳĻ
սţǰͰ࣬Žµ磬ɣʱ䣬ҲΪһ
ŵĶҶУҶ࣬ΪʵôͺðˣĿһ£ֻҪŵĿˡ
Ҿûˣʵʵһ£ȡƬĽȫͨһֻǣƬ򸽽ȴûһħ׵ȫƿ׵һ֣ܻӦ
˵
ַҲȷҪţʵõķǻˣһƬƱƴ
ֻǣΧûħ׵ˣһţֻЩƿ׵ս
Ȼƿ֮ҲԶԶƲʲôгҶһ֡Ĭϲս
һ˴֡Ĭ¾ͻӦƻ÷ǳӡ磬˿ţƿ֣űܲţ˶֣
һĬһƽ⡣ħ鲼Сǧ統Уƿһ㶼ᱬս
Ȼ޾ԣַžԵʵžԵơȻԺһУƿߵħͳͳᱻĨȥֻʣһ
ֻǣڵˣûʵ
أ磬ԳһƬ
ַ뵽˺磬Ϊ˵ġܲ㣬һƫƧĵطҲȷ̫ȫ
һƬȻٺòˡ
統޶ռݣʵû޶̵Ĵͳһ塣ԣ类ռݣ޶Ҳ޿κΡ總ƿҲħһ֮ءԭűҲһҾãһ򣬿ԴΪ
˵Ϥԭռݹ磬ֻǺ޶̹ռˡ
һӣ۸ӣûһ˿һƬַ֣ʵѹһС
ΪһƬµİ


1359 ˣһҪȻ
ΪôһĽ顣
ַһ˵ĺĸ߲ҲרСϾһˣҪ˸
ڴҶһ¾û˸ţǾֻܰĿת總總ʵַ岢û̫˽⣬ֻǾЩӡ
總ƿͬħңƿħÿʱÿ̶սҲΪ磬ԭԼ޶ռݹⶼȻһǡ
Դ类뵽ˣȻĬĬ㲻ʲôӴһλһ𣬹һͷѾˡˣҲûܵĸš
ַ˵ͷȷʮֵ˽⡣
ȻǵĿ總Щ޵¶ҪһɨҲЩƿͬƿߵķϣƿˣˣذ죬ͨһҲܱƿ֮ɱ¾ɱ¾ᵽͳ̶ȡ
ַ忼һ£
Ժϸƿ֮䲻ɱЩƿܹơҲЩûһڵĽ򣬻áЩһ˵ǵȰ˵岻󡣡
Ȼ總ƬޣһҲеġÿһλһ𣬶һַû̫ҫ۵սûһλһὫó
һܣϢȥɣڤ粻飬ǾԳֽ
ַһ˿⣬ֻǾƿ֮䣬Ӧûɱ¾Ȱ˵Ȱ˵Դϲ
ַĲƿ߶֡
Щڤ粻ߣߣַȻҲһǧַ壬һУҲڶĴڣͨһ
ǣ
˶ĦȭƣԵʮֵ˷ܡ֪һսַλܹǿڣôʤ嶤κ⡣
ôЩĸ߲㣬Ҳĺô𡢶Լܽ𣬿һսǵʵͻ
ΪһҲǲܡ
Ż𡢶Լܽ𣬷׷뿪˺磬ʼ˸Χ֮ڵƿߡ
һʱ䣬˶ַǷȻȻһЩϢҲй¶˳ȥȻ󲨡

žǿʵڷȴ򣬺ķ˽ǧʱ䣬սڵħȫߣǡո˷
ӴˣڷͳΡ
ڸһƬУǷǳѵõģȶȫҲƬһٽƿ߶н׻߽һЩϢ
˵ûУǰЩӴϢҪƬˡ
ˣռˣں̵ܶʱǿ˵һλһ𣬲֪Ǽ١
Ȼˣһλһ𣬶˵һеǿߡУһ⣬λҲһ𡣡
λһƿ湻ġ˾ƾλһ𣬾ܾƬ򣿺ߣͲܣǷ˾Ͳ׶Ը
ٺ٣ҿ֪˵ϸǶ֪𵽵жôֲһλѣűУ˵նɱ޶ĳϡУϵ𣬶ܡ
ʲô޶̵ĳϡǿһеĴ
Ѿһ۵˳˵ϢɣָŵϢС
ʣеϢָһ㣬ҪƬˣ
ѾһӴˣڴ˾Ӫ꣬ƾе棬һԾΪһλһ𣬿νǺպ
ȴʼֻռŷ򣬲ûţҲΪˣҲ˷ĵĽ
ڣеƿߣȴоȫˡˣǰ껹ĬĬû֪
ʱǨ˭뵽ܹǿ𣿶ңôǿ٣ƬƿУЩһУ˶ȻΪһҪȻˡ
˵һССϢƬ𶯡
˿̣ĸۡһλİĿˡ
˳ʮ㡣ʣµģͿѡˡ
ȻֻһλٸССƿߣԷһλ߸ϵһȴϳ֮ɫ
Ϊ֪ıһǿĺܣǷҲԲҶô˴˲Ϣ̤ƽ


1360 ȥɨһ飬
һۣͷ߹ڣ˼һʵϣڷУֱǱȵƻҪء
ڷоӪ̫̫ã̸ڣ۸ӣκжзһӰ
Ҳǿŷ棬Ŵӵһλǿ𣬾ȻɳһֱһλĴ档
ƿһһֱֻǾӪһ򣬷ʵһҲƿħɱҪ
ףǷֶγڡңҲѡ˲ԣƬ֮أŷƽȡөһΧһƬ֮£ȴһ˿⣬ȻܹΧƿ߽
ԣн֮٣νǺľѪ
ڣȴֻһλͨǰҪߡཨķλģ
ȴĿԼ֪һȻһҲֻ
ǷԶͨһЩ;˵鱨֪λصĺǺεȿֲĴڡ
ķҪûκεϣ
ԥЦһ˵㻹ûơڻǺܷ٣ǽΧǻҵ£Ż˵ķ١˽ƬƬ򣬷Ƭ򻹻ȥû˻ҵĻ𣿡
һǰ˲Էֻ֣ҪΧȫˣҲһͨĽˡ
Щ꣬ǿŷٵķ򣬲ѸʵֳΪܹ֧ͨŵһλһУ
ˣˡ
ҡҡͷ̾һ֪ȥôһȻûκη֮Ƭ򣬶Ϊ˵Ľ룬׸ı䡣
ͬ⣬翹ҲûκãֻܺԼΣա
ͬ˵İš
һȷѡ񣡡
˵ƿߣ̲סЦ˶ûж֣Ѿ㶨һλüõĽ򣬶һһλһĽ
ǡ£һλһļ룬ǺεȵĹͣ
ʱһλһ˿ɼҪĴڡڣȴֻƾšѾ۷һλһ
Ĳս֮
ҲԴӲ濴˵Ӱ֮Ѿˡ
һһССҪϣ˸ƴƿߡ
Ц˵
ģ˹زϸ񣬳ħʵκƿ߶Լ롣ˣʵǽ֮ˣĿ꣬ϣнܹ֮ŽһģΪһ壬ħһСǧ磡
ȻЩ̫뻯ˣħôģ˵ַֻһˣҲܽħһСǧ硣
ŷġҲܿ˽פ
һʱ䣬һȻ󲨡
ǿһ𣬾Ȼôסͷһʱ䣬ƿ߶̾һʱˣµʱȴˡ
ݼ
ʱڣַԸһŻλһҲڷӡ
Ͼŷļ룬Ŀǰ˿λһ
ܹˣ¶ܻӭԺ󣬷Ҳ˵ĸˣʱפڷ򣬹еһУ
лҷЩռжʯһһţ
ҲܡʶȤϽһŶʯַ壬ȻҲ֪˽ƬַλҪĶǶʯ
һŶʯ
ַҲЩȣһʮŶʯѾܲˡû뵽ȻһţС˷Ƭô꣬ɵֺô
ȽϷλһŶʯʵࡣ
ˣ
ַҲûпֱһŶʯֻ˶ʯҲŻġ
ѾסȥϢ
ַȴҡҡͷҲżϢϢʵҪȻԶǾͲֶܿԵһݴƿǡ
񣿡
ԡ
ȴ΢΢һЦ漴չһŽͼЦ˵뿴ʮ򣬶ħƿأħƿɱ
ʮôȻһ㣬Ҳֻˡĳȥһʮħɨһ飬ȥЩ򼴿ɡ
䣡
Ժһ𣬷·Щš
ʮеħɲ򵥣һǵҲв٣ַĿУȴƺֻ߹һ㣬ɨһա
ʱ򣬷֪ΪַܹƬΪʵǵ
ңһַһٶһƬƿм䣬ɾҵ𶯡ʱٹ롱ǾͲʲôˡ
ھԵʵǰʲôıƣʲôıֶΣͳͳֵһᡭ
̾һȻΪһ𣬵Ҳûиܵӵ޵еɨһеĸо


1361 һ֮
ַ뿪˷𡢻Լ𣬶ַ󣬳ŵһħȥ
ħ򣬾̫Ҳ̫Զм䣬ż򣬲ħħƿصĽ
ħףħ
λħȻһǵ𣬵ȴǧϵħħħҲڲϵͼɸ籾ԴӶ۸ħ
ħٶȣڣϣ۳һħΪһħ
ַ彫ĿħôһоͶˡ
ಣ
ֱַӷɵħУľһɨ׾ͽħ򶼲̽һ飬Ȼ֪ħеħ
˿̣ħħ統УǱ籾ԴħԽħҪ۳һħķѾԽ
ˣһħŻôϡ٣Ǵײˣ洦ɼ
̣
ַ弸ûκι˼ɣֱڽ١
䣡
ַڽ򣬾һžһ˲併٣ħħһڡ¡ħ統еħַУһħ𶼲ǣûʸӡ
ʲôˣһ𡭡
ַڽ٣ħ·ʲô͵̧ͷȴֻܿ޴Ľݺݵ
ħȫħǧħһ˰㣬šֻǣŽ֡ħħֽͬһ㣬˲䱻ѹ촷ۡ
ħ磬Ҳһ˲䱻ַɡ
һ򣡡
ַ帺ֶƽ˵ƺһħ磬Ͳʲôֻиַķȴޱȵ𺳡
ַ֪ʵҲû̫ȡɲ֪һ֮ǰַٴҲԼһ֪
Ϊһ𣬾ôѪУַ壬ʵĶٻһ㲻ġۼַʵȷܲġ
ַ֮÷ţʵҲ˼£Ҷղ
ڣıסˣЩңˣĻҲֵַһ
³ܾͺħһֱַӸѹ촷ۡ
ħħַ岢ûͣ½ŲǼǰĽҪɨʮ򣬲ֻ˵˵ѡ
ǣڶ
һĽַ嶼ûͣáһǵûһǵ𣬶ַԣƺһ
һеһǵʮħǺǿˡǷҲԶԶǶ֡
ַǰȴɺЩͨħһû˿֮ʮħ˲ѹ촷ۣħ磬ֱַ̽ڽ֮С
ʱ򣬷ʶַʵжôĿֲһһͷ
ǳˮǿϺαȵһͷַһ֮ѾѹƬκηˡ
죬ֻʱ䣬ַһ·ɨʮڵħ磬ͳͳɨһաʮ˾޴ķ죬ΧƬ򣬾Ͷһذըһ˶ЩԴκ
ʱɨʮħǺεȵĿ£пһħ𣬲ʲôèЩħռݵĽԭ򣬻ʵǣƵȵȣƿ޷ЩħЩħûռ˲ٵĽ
ڣѾʧˡʮڵħɨһգǱ֤Ŀʮİȫ
ǿ£һ־ɨʮ򣬼ֱɨ޵а
˵һħںǰ֧Ųһѵǿ
ٺ٣֪ʲôУϵ𣬶ˣһЩͨһǵʲô
˿ɲµģǿƽ룬ʮΪݵ㣬ҪƬ뵽˵ͳηΧ֮ڡǿɾûôݵˡ
ǰȻƬܻңΪңǲȥðգлһ졣ˣ϶򣬲ٳˡ
ǵó㣬ڰС
ַɨ޵Уƿ߶͡һݴݴҲȷأصƿжζ
ЩϲðգϲͶƿߣ˵ĿġЩһ֮ƿߣʧǡ
ַһٶֱ˵ĵһ޿ƥУҪôѡ񳼷ҪôͺЩħһʧ
һʱ䣬ƬƺΪַһٶòôҡˡħƿ߶ˡ
ΪУѻʯûκ塣
ˣƿߣˣΪ˵ĳԱתۼ䣬˾ͿʮﵽϰҲǲܡ
ַһ֮


1362 ǧ磡
дЭˣԸˡ
һ֮򣬻˭ҿ⣿
ѾļЩƿ߶Ҫ뵽˵У򣬵˴ʽ٣һжҪΪҽ
˳ԱһĶԵޱȵĽԺȻԴ󣬶ڶ⣬ĵԺ㡣
Щ˳Աǵ˻СʱĬĬʱͼˣǡϳԱˣۼ֤˵һһɳĵز
ܹİ˵ġԷΪƿ𣬷׷ķڷļ뵽˵У˵ΧޱȾ޴Ľ򣬺µĽ˰ﵽһһʮ
ϰַջȻǷǳġÿչεĶʯж٣ܹչεŶʯ
ŶʯѾѹһˣ⻹ЩĻۡչһ飬ֵõϼǧʱ䡣
ңַʮħ磬ԼħԴԴϵĺ籾Դˣ㹻籾Դ硣
ַҲûпҪʵˣڰȶһͱչأһڡ¡Ŷʯ
һһ磬ӻ֮ڳַʵٴܿѾﵽǧ硣
Ŷʯַ߰磬ǰһǧǧ磬ַʹﵽǧ
ǵأҲټҲûдﵽǧħ
ַǧ磬жôǿ
ַԽǿ󣬾ԽܸܵĿֲϾ𣬵Ҫһڸ磬ǶôĿֲ
޶ַַ֣ҲֻǾһƳûȫܵ޶ʵѾʱӡˡ
ָоӵһ㣬ʱӡǣ¶ΣաʱӡǼôݵһ˲䣬ǿߵԽַնɱˡ
ˣַӵľηЩǴڣҲҪﵽǵĳ̶ȣкܳ·Ҫߡ
ǵüš
ַףڼûƿԼʵǶʯԼ籾Դ
籾Դ˵ħ鲼Сǧ磬ǣʯȴÿһСһЩĽǿܶʯкܶࡣ
磬һЩչγһŶʯЩѹγʮŶʯ֮󣬼ֱ˼⵱Ȼԭ
ôַҪöʯǴĶʯ͵üš
ַ忴˿˵Ľͼȴԭ˹ռ˰ܱ֮ͣߵһЩɢͳͳ뵽˵ͳηΧ֮ڡ
ûб˹ռģҲͳͳѡվӣͶǿ
磬˽ǡǡű
֪䣬ַѾһȻһű󶼵áӡĶ֡
Ȼ̲޶̵űȻԶΣ޷˵ġȷǿˣͺ͵űû̲޶ʱһֻûһλǴˡ
ʵűҲûжڣŵϰλ߱Ҳűվ˽Ÿ֮׼̲޶̣ǧĽͨٶʱű
һλǴڣСǧв
ĿǰΧű⣬һ֮⡣
֮⣬ҲһƿߵѾǳˡϲܱţһֱŬչİ
磬ʵǰһİ򣬱һЩħǰֶ롣ҪչİʵǷǳΣգͶܴ
ȻջҲܷḻİûһ֣һ֮һƿһֱڳİչ
֮ʵҲףɷʽ⣬ɾλϣɵĳᣬȫȨ֮
λϣÿһλǧ磬ǿߣѾܽӽˡһλǿ߳Ϊ˶ֻ֮᲻һˣʵġɱ䡱
֮űΧһֱûˡűͻĬĬţһֱİչ
ϸ˵֮ƿǵŬؿƿǵռ䡣˵ΪʵڧԭеĻϣСӶٷ䡱
Χű֮⣬ǵġʣһ򣬾İˡ
İָƿδֵһƬհף浽ʲô˭Ҳһֱչꡢǧ꣬һ
ѵ˾ֻȥİչ
ַüͷ壬ĽҪġ
֮ˣ
Ȼַ⣬
֮⣿
ַ΢΢һ㶣Щ졣һֱûκζǳĬ֮⣬ͻȻˣʵ̫ˡ


1363 һŶʯļ
ַһǾһ֮ˣ֮ʲô¡
֮˵еȺ򣬶ˣ֮˭
ַ߳ңѯʵ
֮һݣ޽̽ʮ򣬱Ҳһλǿ֮УھŴϣ
ôðɣȥһ
ַ˵ͷҲ˽һЩ֮֮⣬ûǿͳƶȣǱȽɢеһ͵ˡ
Ŵϸ߸ϣƿ֮һԴ֮Ĵ¡λϣȴŸԵ֮ҲһԵľάŶƣٱ
ַ忴֮ƶȣʵ̫ӷˡܼڣұսֱ漣
ȻҲַ岢û˽֮⣬ĶǱܹ֮ô꣬ţһԭ
ܿ죬ַ˵Ĵ֮УڴϣӴ߽һİƿߡ
֮ޣ𣡡
һ룬ЩСӣȴû˸СڣƺһɻذĿֲ
֮Уַ⣬û޵Ķ֡
ⲻַЩп̰Ȼţ죬ȴûе̡һεĿ¥
ַֻôһ߶սѹһСĳһַʧˣ˿»̷ֱű֮ǲһλи߲㼸ܺɨַƿߡ
Ȼַ嵱֮ʵΪ˸ԼõѰҡչζʯˣ˵һУַ嶼Ƚ⡣
ڵ̣Ҫʱ䡣ַ֧֣˵ǿҲᱩ˵ϰǿһˡ˹⿿ڵĵ̣Ҳһλӵаһ
ǿ¥󣬾꼻һ֣ûе̣ΣҲַ壬Ҳַ塣
ֻҪַ廹ڣǾû˸Сˣ٣𲻸ң
ˣ̬ŵĺܵͣӵϰǿһַ壬Ҳ˵̬Ŷַ𾴡
֪Ϊ£
ַޱ飬ʵ
漴Ц˵ǿһ֮˰ѾΪƬ֮һˡֱԣ˵֮·Ѿ˼ޣ޷ˡű󣬻֮⣬ڶ޷Ȼ
ţ
ַ۾΢΢һУšϵϢͷųʱܵһɳصѹϢϢĸоƺڽתˡ
ڽ򣬸û˿á
ǰλ𣬿һλɱϣңһ֮ľˡ
˵ַܡһˣʲôܹݣһΣַɲɫ
ʲô˵ùĨǡ
ַâһһ㾯ʾˡţƣ޷Σַڣ˾һȻ˭Ҳ޷ӡ
ҲΣˣֻʵʵĵеĿġ
֮Ŵ֮һĺԪ֮ǰԼµˣ֮⣬Ϊ߳ĵʮλϣ
Ļַ嶼̲סһû뵽оȻôһĿģַ֮⣬Ϊ֮һ
ôЩ֡ǡ־硱һƫƫȴǰһλϰǰ˵Ǿ;Բʲô־硣
𣬵ô£
ַüͷʵ
ҲֻÿЦʵҲǸոյõԪҲЩ˼ԪǿЦгģԪһݼ񣡺Ԫ˵ݼһԼ֮Ȥġ
Ŷʲô񣿡
ַЩ棬δıĺԪƾʲôô϶Լ֮Ȥ
뿴һŶʯ

ֱóϰŶʯô˴ϣ߳
ַ壬˼ŶʯԪóһŶʯĴֱʣַҲǵһμ
ַ嶯ݣԺлصźԪ漴һҧЩʯֻǼ֮ͬ⣬ôʯҪж٣ݼʮٱҲǲܣ
䣡
һ䣬ַԺо˾κˡ


1364 ·
Ҫж٣ĪǾñôƭ
ַȻ𾪣ȴܿ侲ĻȻĶȴûʲôʵԵı֤
ûһŶʯ
Ҳ֪⿿һˣ޷˵ַ壬޷Ȱ˵ַ֮ľ
ǣ˵𣬸ղŵʵģǺԪתġԪǰ̸֮ʱʲôʣԪ𶼻һһĽ𡣡
Ŷȥ֮ô
ַĿ˸ҲҲûдߴ٣Ǿĵȴַľ
ʵϣַԼ
Ҿ𲢷޵ķʸǵ鱨ȷǺԪµĵ£֮ΪұҲΪ
Ԫ֮Ŵ֮һ֮ľͷȻǲǰ˵ͣӦûмֳġ
֮ΣյĻǿȥԪԪ顣ϾĿǰŵȷǵһޣƿû취ˡ
⼸λһ𣬶ĿǰеǿߣۼʶǶһͬ⣬ַӦȥԪ
Ȼǰǰȫһ塣ĻǾ͵ýСˡ
ַ岢壬Ҫ壬֮αô鷳ֱþŴͷַҲѵֵҪʲô壿
ң壬ַҲη壬ʱӡֻҪһɱ޷ӦĿֲη塣
ҲգĳȥһԪ𡣡
ڣַ忪˵ͬ
¶һ˿Цݵ׼ʲôʱ̣ҼҳϣѾ׼ʱӭ𡣡
׼ˣھͿ̣
ַҲٵ飬Ҫʲô׼Ѿ죬ͲҪλʲôһȻλ
οַҲ뿴Ԫ𣬾ʲôĿģ
ǣַ͸޵ֱ뿪ˡ
޵һģӵϰ磬һеǿߡ֮УҲǽھŴϵĴڡ
ˣ޵ٶȺܿ죬ô죬Ҳ첻ַ塣ַڿǧ磬ֻʩչһ磬ҲǾ춯ءԸ⣬˲Ϣܰ
ֲַΣϰһҲֿϰˡ
ˣ
޵΢һͣ٣ַҲǰһĽµĽȻͬ
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űҲǵǧ罵ٵһСǧ磬ϸ˵ߡűԭȵȣߣЩǧĴΪӶԴٵСǧ硣
֮⡢ˣġһСǧе飬гɡ
֮λµ
ַȻʵ
֮Ҳһ֪֪֮ⲻǱôŽᡱʷƾãϵҲǴ˷ϵǳ۸ӡ
֮Ԫµ
Ԫ𣿡
ƺҲԸٶ˵Ĭڼӿٶȸ·
ಣ
ʱһǿľɨַϡ
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ַüͷһ壬ֱþɨӣʵǷǳʧ񣬶Ƶζʱִܵ
䣡
ʱɺƺƵĽ֮٣ǿһַǰƿߣƺϰ磬˿Ҳѷɫ
ⲻַһݣ֮ĵ̣ԶԶлҪ¡
Щϰһƺкܶࡣűʱ˽⵽ģűУﵽϰϵ𣬾ֻҫһ
޶Ҳֻλˡ
ڣ֮ͳλϰһ𣬹ȻʷƾõӴ
Ҳڶսϣ΢ѷɫһű޶̰ˡۺʵʵǱ޶űҪǿ
𣬻˺֮ƿ߰ɣ
λĿַһɨͼϣֹ⡰ѡĸо
Ȼüͷһ壬ôһܴһλƿ߽֮⣿οǷ˺Ԫ֮صشλǰǸΥԪ֮
˵꣬óһƣɢһϢֻһƣȴּǿѹȸС
ȻǺԪơƣֻϲӵУ˼ٵģѹͲһƿ
˿Ԫƣ粻΢΢һֵԪ֮ȻΥԪϽЩ̫ˡ
ߣ
ˣֱӴַѸٵ뿪


1365 Ԫ
ˣЩİϢûصͷųϢܹ׾ٵֵǵƣǵƣҲϰ磬֮
ԪıʲôǲòǽϢԪɡ
һջǾϢϱԪھλ֮䣬ƺìܣìأǾ㲻վҲûа취
Ǽ֮⣬Ԫ£ǾȻĴӡҲӲֻϣԪܹռϷ磬ѹϡ
ԪԳϣǸղ˺Ԫµһλİƿߣưһǿߡ
˽ϸϢ㱨Ԫ
Ԫһֳֹȣ̬ӣʵȴ˲֪ĹϴˡҲǵ֮ⴴλԪ֮һ֮еǳϡ
ţˡ
ԪԳϸλ鱨ַ塣۾͵һԺһ⣬һ绮˺ҹһ
⡭ȵλַ壿
˲֪Ķ򣬵ԪԳô֪ܲΪ֮Ŵ֮һǾͷȻָܱ֮ơ
ڷͷʢɾַˡѸΪű֮ĵףܹ
һս㹻ŴϵעˡˣַϢ鱨Ͱ˾Ŵϵǰ
ַ壬ԪԳɫ
ԪǹݵģȻҡϣ㻹Ҫ̫Ϳַ壬ôģߣ֮ǵбٵҵѪ
ԪԳƺʲôһ˿â

ַʵԺһֱڻŸղŵ¡һƺǹѿ
𱳺ǾŴ֮һԪ𱳺ǺԪеζѰζ
Ȼ֮Ⲣ̫ƽŴ֮ìܣѾ˲ɵ͵ĵزһ̶ַ壬ڿǰҲضԴ
һСģͿ̶ܾУʱ޷Ǿ͵òʧˡ
һǰһİĽ˿̬ҲԵ
𣬸ղŵǱǸЦˡ
Ҳַ֪ǲµһЩҲΣĿǰ֮ƣȷôš
ǺԪˣ
ַ忴һ·ƺܽţٴеģҲȷһЩ²⣬ɶ֮⣬֮⣬ȴ˵ĽţԿ֮ھŴ֮ìܵ˺̶ֳȡ
Ȼ̶̶оδûлᣬξ˵Ļᡣ
ԣǺԪµˣܰȫ֪ͨϣֱȥϡ
ãһƾԪš
ַҲ˵
ûãǾ͵һֺӴĽ
򣬱ַκνҪӴҲǳ棬ƺǡˡǽ񣬻з񣬶ߵ֮·ӣǳĶء
ҲǾ򣬹˼壬ӵֵ磬е飬ȴ޴ޱȣǿԵԪϾǿ˾򣬽ɳϵйԪϾйڵȴ𡣡
ֱַӷԾһ磬յִĵһ磬һֺӴĹûʣʥϢ
ַ΢һӦܸӦ棬һΡͬɽϢޱȵĳءϡ嫡
һҲַѷɫĳ̶ֳϣҪַϢ΢ǿһЩ
Ԫ𣡡
ַ̾˹ǹǿϢݣȻǺԪ֮Ŵ֮һͷڣ
𹧾ڴ֮УͷϣѾˣ·ԪԳµһʱ䡣
ַ̧ͷźԪ𣬶ԷҲһߣȴ׷ͯգ塣һҫ۵Ĺâƺǽ֮ȼյĻһ㣬ȴ˸еһů
ܺԪϢΣַ嶼κӰ졣
ԪôùǹͣԸݹ٣֮⣬ϷҲҡ
ԪУƺǶδһ㣬˿ķ
ԪˣĳǸֱӣϲ˿ȻѾ֮⣬˺Ԫ𣬲֪ĳкĿģ
Ԫ۾΢΢һУַȻͱˣЩȴû˿ŭЦеĻشĿʲôҪôϷãĿĲҪҪڴﵽĿĺܹõʲôҪġ
ǺܴӦ֮⣬Ϸ֡ôʯȡ֮֮ߡϷΣ
Ԫûκεͱˣûκΰƺֻƽƽ֮ȴַĳȣþ޷ƽ


1366 жɱʿʯɱ
ȡ֮֮ôĿĳɲţôĶʯ
ַ˿ջҡҡͷʵ̫˼ˣ¶ԷǺԪ֮ͷַҲ޷š
ϾԪĻʵ̫𺳡̫˼ˡ
֮󣬱֮űΣ֮޶Σַ弸ű޶̵ĶʯͿգҲͲſﵽһǧˡ
֮ȡ֮֮Ķʯ
Ԫҡҡͷ̾һ֮ж˽⣿
˽ⲻ֮࣬⣬ƺһֱܵ͵
ַһ£漴˵⵹ʵ飬֮һֱܵ͵ַֻ֪֮һȻһ㲻ħƿʵһֱŬĬĬչδ֪
ǰ֮һֱܵ͵֪ϷµĽ򣬾ʹﵽŴµĽѾһǧ
Ԫ˵һޱ𺳵ַ֣壬Ҳ̲סɫ䡣
ܣ֮ôӵǧű޶̼Ҳӽˡ
ַ岻֣һǧ򰡣ʲô
ű޶̼򶼲˿ֲ֡
Ǻǣţ
ԪϴһĨţ˵֮ĵ̣ű޶ܱȵģűߣ֮ⷽСǧɣűⷽСǧ磬֮ѾһȻˡ
ջ£֮ڵĲƸﵽ˸ֲֿĵزλŴ֮һĳ϶̫Ϸܿ϶Ŵ϶ռĶʯһǧţࡣ
ԪĻַĳȣЩˡ
ǧŶʯ붼ֲԪȻô˵Ǿ֤ǺԪУͲֹǧô򵥡
ôԴƣŴ֮һĺԪˣ֮Ĵʼˣ̫ϡ
ôŴλ֮ĴʼˣҪϵĴڣǵռ˶ٶʯ
ŴеĶʯ˵̫࣬һڿŶʯ϶С
뵽ַҲĳȣޱȵĽšһڿŶʯֱּ˷
ǰַԵֵջ󡱡
Ԫ˵ûһڿŶʯмǧ򶨽ʯĳҲˡֻǣҪ֪֮ˮж
ַĻѾӴӦˣֻǣҲܽûԴ󵽾Լھ޵ˡ
ʵϣ֮ľŴϣַӦһͲˣ˵Ŵˡ
֪֮ʵ
ԪЦ˵֮ȴǺܸӣֻҪкͬ⣬Ϊ֮ĵʮλϣҲô⡣
׳˺£
ַʵɲôϡͿĴӦԪ
Ԫ̾һʵǶûд˵֮һʼλϴγģʽ½뵽֮⣬ģӵ˾λϡϵ֮࣬ŵͬʱ鷳Ҳ١
Ŀǰ֮ǿߣǳӵžǧٶ磬޵Ľӽ˶𡣶ȴǳļˡΪ֮λϴʼ֮һ֮ӵųߵĵλʵҲǿǶ˺ϣܹΪ֮ĵһλ𡣡
ֻϧûܳΪֹĲ츳Դʵ𶼲ȱȱһŶǶʯտʼǾŴ϶̫⣬ʱ䣬֮չδ֪ܹһЩδ֪УֶǶʯ
ʱƣǷֵĽԽԽ࣬ڣǴﵽǧȻһȻƷʶʯǷ˲٣һǶʯһЩֻǣǶʯȴһֱţûκټ
˵ԪЦſַ壺Ӧ֪֮Ϊλֵֵز˰ɣ
ַ˵ͷΪ˶Ƕʯ
ԣǶǶʯҪģʵֻһϣѡʱƣãȵֶǶʯˣһҲ޷ֶǶʯǣ뷨űĳ֡
űȡǶʯ
ַһӾˡ
ԣűǴǧ罵ٵСǧӴ֮⣬һЩߵˮˮǾԶ֮ǶʯҲֻűܹӵСűһ֮Ⲣűôűͻǧ֮ͨͨŶǶʯ
ַһѾˡ
ŶǶʯǺֶΣжɱʿʯɱǺֶΰ
ַЦһѹű̲޶֮һֱûжַ廹Ϊűڹ˼һЩӰ졣
û뵽űԭһֱڰı
һ̲֮⣬űͶٱˣʱűߣкӹ


1367 ַ
ǶɱʿֶΣŶǶʯȴоŴϣô֣
Ԫ¶ɱ֮˵֪ǶɱʿֶΣ֮һЩˣҲԸʹ˷Ѿ˵֮ĳԣֻΪԼ֮ǰԪ𣬻г˶ϴʼ֮һȴΪһŶǶʯԸֽ֮͸ű˵ܹõǶʯϣΪ𣬵أϵ棡
˵Ԫһɱ⡣
ַˣ֮Ѿ׵ķѣŴϣΪŶǶʯ׷ѣͬˮ
ַûƿƿҪͻƵָо𡢶ܽھΪûһǶʯ޷Ϊһ
ǾһҲһξ룬ˣҲǳܵõһһǶʯ
𡢶ˣοЩһ۷壬Ϊ۷ˡǶʯǳϡ١
٣ַ弸ûõĽҲܶ࣬ѹ޶̣ҲûǶʯ
һǶʯһЩ
ǶʯСǧ統УҲ൱ϡ١֮⣬ôĵ̣ʷƾã޷õһŶǶʯҪöǶʯжôļѡ
űȴֿӳŶǶʯⲻǵ̵⣬Ϊűܲǧ統С
ַ岻ǧ羿СǧǿűóŶǶʯ֤űóĶǶʯ
ȴƫƫֻţĿģȻԶ
֪űֶΣȴ޷ܾ
ܹ̳Ϊջ˭ֵܵ
ô˵ھǺԪλ𣬿λ𣿡
ַʵ
λЭǵˡؼǳһֱ֮ǿߣ֮ڵӰǳǿǳ𣬾£λϣټλϣһλϡǷԵһֻλϡ
Ԫε˵
ԭԪһȳһҪ١
Ҳֻһλַ嵹ҲЩ׺Ԫ£Ŀˡ
ҳΪ֮һΪǵеһԱλϣһλϣ
ԣһһλϣڳϣһ޷γơֻҪλϲͬ⣬Ǿ뽫֮Ⲣű󡣡
ַãǲЩ̫ϷˣһᣬѵΪԵȣ޷Ͷű
Ԫˡĳֱԣĳ룬λϷԣΣ𲻻ֱӴλ뿪֮ô֮Ⲣ뵽űʲô𣿡
ַǳһôɡ
Ǻǣǲ̫˽֮ƶȡ֮⣬˳ƶȣֹϷչԼֱϵʵϣȴεĿ֮һͨӡ
ˣ³һУλ֮⣬ôµܹߵģҲֻкٺٵһ֡ԭܸӣ֮ص㡣ˣűҲŶǶʯǷֻɱմﵽĿġֻǳλ룬޷ȥôűҲǶǶʯűҪֻ֮Ǽһ𡣡
ԭˣ֮ƶôأҵһ뵽֮⣬ǲԺҲᷢչ޷˵ֱϵ
ַҲ뵽һ㡣
ʱڲžԵȨʱ䣬µȷʱһҲ֮᳹ϵʱ룬Ҳֻܴߺٵһˡ
ַüͷԪ𲻻ƭ֮⣬ǵòʧ
һִ˶ûˡ
ƺַ֪ĹǣԪһЦ㵱˵ĿʲôΪܹõΪԼչζʯԴôһ˼֮⣬õĲ٣෴ӡ֮Դ𿪷šң˵ķչƿҲʹʧһãƿԼ档
ַã̧ͷ
ҴӦˣһ
ʲô˵
Ҽ֮ĳܲţԪһλϣóеĶʯҡ
ַĿģʼնֻһǾǶʯ
ַѾ֪֮ĵǺεȵ񣬾λϵǺεȵķֻǵõλϵĶʯҲԳ
ֻǣַúԪӦںԪܷӦַҲҲ֪ԪѾû·


1368 һʣ
ʯôûκ⣬ϷͿӦˣ
Ԫ𼸺ûκԥֱ˵ĴӦַ
Ԫ㣬λϡ
ַüͷԪӦЩ̫ˬˣЩ̫ʵַ岻ΪԪλ
Ϸ֪ЩʲôϷλʵºܼ򵥣£㣬λϹͬľң趨ĳЩĳЩ⣬ĶԴӦ㡣
ַˣЦ˵ô˵ʵûйǵĵߣ˵ֵһᡣ
ȷҪࡣʯˣ֮ЩϣȻȱ˺ܶණǲȱԴˣĶʯǶ㣬Ϸ˻ȸİŶʯ֮ǰһŶʯļһŶʯΣ
Ԫ£óİŶʯ֮ǰһŶʯǾŶʯ
ǵ̣֮ĵ̣ԶԶַЩϣһġɽƸֱ޾
ٶĲƸҲ򲻵Ƕʯ˵˵еǶʯˡЩƸȡǶʯַţЩһǧٸԸ⡣
ֻǣǶʯô׵õģ޼֮
ַҲĸܵʯƿߵġơҺãûôƿߣĻûдԼ档
ĻҲûڵĳɾˣҲΪһŶʯǳ
ַӹİŶʯĿһۺԪ𣬵˵ͷԪȻʮ㣬ĳͲˡҪ֮⣬Ϊʮλϣûôװɣ
Ͼ֮ϣմȨôף
ԣȷûôסλϵƼ֧֣Ҫ֮⣬ΪʮλѶȾҪСöࡣһ˵֮⣬ֻҪһλϵƼɡҪΪϣдߣʵǳǿ󣬱һλϣܳΪµϡ
һλϣ
ַüͷԿɾʹˡ磬ǳ֣ǧϣ޽ӽַ֣
ģ϶֣֮ܳǿߣǲֵġοƼϣһ֣ǻ˹أ𲻳֣ڳߣԲҲ֮ϴʼ֮һǧ硣ԲһˣԲҲ֡
Ʋ⣬һֹ֮⣬ΪϵĻǾһԪ֡Ԫʵ̫ǿҲǧң
ԪĶַ壬ʵҪַȥԸԪҲûʮİա˽⵽ַ鱨ַֻ֪ܹ
ҲԶԶԪĶ֡
Ϊ֮ϴʼ֮һԪʵҲǧ磬ھŴжλǰС
ˣԪַ֮⣬ҲһЩðա
ַʵȴ㡣ҪԸԪǱȻǲõʱģϾŴϣǧϵľͷڡǶʱ򣬿ºУһ۾ܿ
ַɲ鷳
ʱڸպǧ磬ҪԪ𿹺⣬ǵûʲô⡣ҪԪǾͺˡ
ڣжʯ
ôѣҲ֪ЩǿѣĻˣҲΨһİ취ܻԪ֮ҪǵС
Ԫüͷ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϣַϣȷЩϳЩעһԪҲûа취ű֧֣ƣٲĻ֮͵óײűˡ
Ը⿴ľ档
ҪԪ𣬵ȷѣҲǲܡҪʱ䣬ҪλĶ֧֣
ãַ̧ͷĿڡ
棿ֻҪܻԪ𣬳Ϊ֮ϣʲôᣬλϣһ֧֣
˵ĻĳͲˣҪٰʱ䣬ڰҵ׼ܸ֡ңҪ籾Դ籾Դ
ַĿҲܼ򵥡Ǿɶʯٳ硣ʵϣӲġѹԪ
ʯѾ㹻ˣ籾Դλ˷ϣַ廹õ
£ַ岻һʣЩԲԼ


1369 һʧ
һʱ䣿Щˣű󲽲ƣ³Ҳô׼ʱ䡣ʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ܹṩ籾ԴΣ
ַǰһЩ͹˺Ԫ˵ĲƸ
ӳ籾Դ籾ԴһŶʯ³һ磬òһ籾Դˣ籾Դ´ࡣ
ʵϣַֻҪҵ籾Դ㹻ˣû뵽Ԫһ־籾Դ
ڰʱʮʱ䣬ַ˵
ʱʱٸǿֲ˵ʮʱ䣬ʵһʱ䶼ˣ֮˵ʱ䣬Ϊּۻ۰ˡ
ڣĿѾﵽˣһԶԶĳˣַҲûԥֱӵ˵ͷãʮʱ䣬û⣡
Ǿ˵ˣϷṩң籾Դܿ͵ҵСʮʱ䣬ΣҲӡϣʮ󣬺ʧ
һΪ
ַնʵ֪ʮûгɹԪǿ¾鷳ˡԪ˶֣նɱַйͷ֮ޡ
ⲢһȫûΣյ෴ʵ൱Σա֮⣬һ̶ѨַСĽ
ðգܵõôԴˣһЩðգҲֵˡ
ǣַһʱͽ뵽ҵУܿ죬籾ԴȻѾ͵ңһ׼ַҲԥһ̣Ŷʯͳͳ̽ڽ

ԲһƵƵǺԪ𣬸ҡҪǸ½ĺ𣡡
Ԫ˴Уһˡ֮ĳԱһ𾪣Ϊˣÿ˶֮֮ϡ
ϣʱܾ֮Ĵ¡
Բ𡭡
һƽƺԤϵˡ
ΪʲôǾͲҵĿԣǶʯֻл˶ǶʯǲпܳΪ̫֮Ӵˣ̫ˣѾűһЩע⡣ǾһȺǣ֮⣬ʵһȺҪԱҪôӵǿʵҪôǳ׼Ⱥ֮УԼҲΪһͷ׺ǣ
ġȺۣƺֻ˵ˣ޷˵ԲĴϣǸϵĲͬ
Բһֱ˵ңѵǾͲңǸôģҵˣܹڶ̶ʱڣţǶѪ֮ܵ·նɱ˲֪ħǱƿߣŵнַ壬Ұģ־СǾַ뵽֮⣬Ϊϡ
Ԫƺܴ
һߣųĿҲܼ򵥣ǾΪһŶǶʯֻҪܹõǶʯͿԲϧһдۡ
˭öǶʯ˭ĵˡ
ֹ֮Ĺأκ϶Ƽƿ߼֮⡣ⷽ棬޷ֹҪַΪʮλϣͱһλϡΪ⣬޷֣ҵ֮УֻԪҡʱȥԸַ壬ػַ壬Բ˳ġ
˰š
ԪȴüͷҵʵԲ˺ǵӦ֮ӦҲܲµð˾Ųʮ֪һ֡ȴԸַһԣ᲻Ǹַ壬ʲô֮ʵһҪǿ
Ԫţַ壬ʵٶ̫ˣЩ죬ЩͬѰ
Щǣ﷭ַ壬ַΪ֮ʮλϣ֮ǰ׼ԼƣͽȻ޴ˡ
ַʵôܱ㻹Ҫǿַǻܹ𣬵ΣҲԶԶȲ㣬ǾŴϣкܶࡣοҲַֻǿܰˡˣƲ⣬ʵӦҲһǧ£г룬ǧҲǼˡ
Ȼ˵վЩգԲġѡҪȫ׼
ȻַĿ΢΢ųԲİ취ԲѵϤֲϧһдۣҲҪﵽĿĵˣעһ£ĳˣǱҪһʧɣ̣֮֮ҿʱʹá֮֮һֱƿأ֮ĸգҲ޷ƻ̵֮ķ
˻̣֮˲֮أַҪ㣬ͲܡȻԲܷŭϣҵİɡ
˵漴һ֣һâɽԪüС
̣֮
Ԫһϲ֮һʲôı֮ĵĺģǸȻֻʱãֻʹȨܷӳ֮߰˳ɵ
ǻ֮߰˳ɵҲηκˣˣҲͳ׵ķ


1370 ǧ߰磡
ʱˮɿš
һꡢꡢꡭ
գۼ䣬ʮʱһζʮʱ䣬ͨƿ߶ԣһۣһĹ
Щƿ߶ԣǾ͸ʲôˣֻǵָһӵʱˡ
ڣַȴѾ۾
ʵϣһǰڵĶʯѾȫ磬Ŷʯ㳤߰硣
˵һκԪĶʯƷձ鶼ȽϸߡǰַҲùŶʯֻǳ硣
һΣȴ߰磡
ǧ߰磬㹻ԸԪˣΪԷһǵСḶ̌ʱ򣬶ʱӡǣ
ַһʵзյģ֮ϳУֱӽⳡ֮Ŵ֮ġڧ
һͻΣաϾаɱģ޽ӽַҲԶԶǶ֡
ַŻһʱ䣬оһʱӡǣʱҲ˽һЩʱհء
ʱӡǵԭȴ޷ŪףʱӡǣҲһʱ䡣ʱǳݣڶεǿǰʱ䣬ʵл᳹նɱַ壬ʱӡǵĻᶼûС
ҲΪˣַźѣ̫ʱӡǣֻԼʵǿ󣬲İȫ
оʱӡǶ⣬ַ廹оʱ
һβ£աǲܻԶԶñ֤ܹԪ˳ļ֮⡣
ֲܣ֣ܶǸֽȻͬĽѶҲֱߵԪ׼һֱŷַ֣彫ûκλᡣ
ҪԪѶȳֱ
ˣƲѵ֮£ʩչʱ򡣵Ҫ֤ܱϸ
鷳֮
ַоһʱӰΣԺǿ˵ˣֻҪǴΧʩչʱ̣̺̣ܶܶпסˡ
ڵˣַһ˿â
ˣǸᣬնɱԪ
ȻַһնɱԪ𣬻ӦѲ⡣ˣַ򲻵ѲŻʹõֶΣ򲻵ѣҪնɱԪ
ϣҪߵһ
ַš
¡
ҴŴ򿪣ַ̧˳ȥ
⣬Ԫվ棬ߣλ϶ɢԪƵϢ
мһλߣ̬Щ֣Ц۾гһ죬ڵϢȴͬԨ㣬ɲ⡣
ַһݣ˿̵ʵоܵѹơ
ˣ
Ԫæʵ
ַ˵ͷҲûĻԸԪӦû̫⣡
⵹ַ˵󻰣ȷʵû⣬ǧ߰磬ǧ磬Ǽѹ
ˣ⼸λǣ
ַ忴Աߵļλ
ûнܡ⼸λֱԲԼŵ𣡡
ԪһһܣټϺԪλ֮ĴϣԲǧ磬Ҳ֮ϴʼ֮һڳǿ
ѹַовԭԷԲ
ַȻʵȵԲͷһĲࡣ
λ𡣡
ַҲ΢񣬲ҲһȡϾڵݿմȨκѷɫ
Ѿû·ˣΨһϣˡǺͳͬҪֹҲֻôһ취֮͡
Բ˵ͺһϺˣַףԲܹߵһעҲѪȷ磬ôϺˣ
ĳףһᾡ
к仰㹻ˣ߰ɣȥٿᣬ۳ɰܣڴһˣ
ԲĴϵĹǣͬԸ֮⳹ײ뵽űСΪˣϧѡԿ
ʵǿᣬռϷ硣
Ҫֹֻôһ취ʤǰܣڴһ٣Ѿû·
ַܸܵĴϵľģҲһݡ֪Ƕʯ籾Դûôá
ҪõİȣҪԴǾͱԪ𣬼֮⡣һսȵ֮սҪռ֡
һˣֱŲգܿ
֮ȨĴȴû̫ˣܹģֻоŴϣԼܵӵˣܹʱƸ뵽֮С
¡¡
ԲȳϵĵʯҲʼ֮ᣬһο


1371 ˭䲻ս
ڣѾӰ
Ӱַһʶһž޴Բǰûʲô֮֮֡ⴴ֮ɳԲԪϴʼ˹ͬƶȡ
ǾͬݡȨˣΡˣӶԲ
ȻַһҲʶһɲǣӰĿѾַ塣ܺıһĿȻƽѹȴޱӴ󣬱ԲҪӴ
޽ӽ޶Լ߱ˡ
أĿ˾ǳˣλ޽ӽ۷𡣵Ȼַ޶߱޶ȫַַֹʱӡˣˣֻһĿ⣬ַͲ⡣
һĿ⣬вԴڳ𣬵ȴǿλӦþַҪӦˣԪˣ
ˣַҲصع۲Ԫ˵Ŀڰײһԡ
˫һûκ˿ڣշǳĳƣЩš
գַˣҲԲϣ˶
ԪǺ⣿ѵ֪֮Ĺأô޹˵֮С
ԪȿڣһͿʼѡ
ԪЦһ˭˵޹ԱĴϣƼλַ壬֮⣬ҳΪʮλϣ
ʲô
Ԫһġ𾪡·𲢲֪顱ʵϣѾµˣԲ˻Ƽַ֮⡣
ԪǸʲôֱң
Ԫһߡ
ңԪ𣬵˭ңԸ֮⣬Ϊʮλϣ֮ţ֮аһأȴŽ֮Ⲣű󣬴Ӵˣ֮Ϊʷɢ˭ңһĿȻ
ԪҲ˿ʾ̷
Ԫɫҧгݣһһ˵Ԫǵϴ֮⣬ΪѰϣڣѾûϣˣûжǶʯԶҲ޷һλűܸǶǶʯϣֻ֮Ǽ뵽ű󣬲ǳɢȵǵ㹻Ķ𣬾űΣܹű̲
ǺǣԪ˵Щ˭ţ̲űΪűôģûһ˵ף㲻ҲΪһ֮˽ҪһŶǶʯˡԪȻ֮ϴʼ֮һĲű󣬾ŴϣδؾȵõһŶǶʯȴ˼£ǲı
㡭
Ԫɫ͵һ䡣ʵϣҲԼϴʼˣʵѾ׵ˡ
֮Ĳ뵽űŶǶʯԲ𣬿϶ܹõһšǾֻʣһŶǶʯ
ʣµߴϣмʵԪ£ԪͲԪ١
ʱŶǶʯ׻˭ң˵ΪֹűҲûиԪһЩ˽³ŵˣĺܵġ
ҲΪˣűֵ˻ϣܹű󿴵Ϊ֮Ⲣű˺ͣϣܹõһŶǶʯ
Ϊ˼£ҲֿܵģˣԪɫ䣬Ԫָеĵģӽ
ʱڻˡ
°ɣȥʲô壿ȻᣬǾͰչذ¡ÿһλ϶Ƽƿ߼֮ȨҪΪϣͻþǾŴһλϵ֤֪λΣ
ĻֵĴ̾Ͱ
ԪɫЦȻˣؾǹأ˭Ҳ޷ƻ
Ҳͬ⣬չأһλ֤ţƼԪϣ
ԲĳҲˣƼԪϣ˿϶Ӧ
ȻҡҡͷǹͬƼˣȥ֤޷֤ƽԡȻɷԵһϳ֣ƼԪԳϣΣ
ȻһջƳԪ
ԲĿһ۳ջǵ˵ͷãͬԪԳϳ֤𡣡
Ҳͬ⡣
ͬ⡣
λҲ׷ױ̬ͬԪ֡
ǣԪ𻺻վɭ˵ɣΪ֮ϣ͵ùһأңܳΪ֮ϣһᣡ
˵ĿٴԣһΣ˫еĵ⣬䣬˫һ˿ɱ⡣
ﲻսȥȰɡʤܣϣҪ˺
ˣ뿪˴ǰ˽ȡ
㹻㣬λһսǳԲ𣬶һս
֪һսĽܿӰ쵽֮һս˭䲻


1372 ѹԪ
֮УַԪңңţ˫û̶֣޼ɵͷųԼϢ
ԶгԲ˹ս
һԲ漴ҡҡͷ˵ԲǺαأӦűҪ󣬶ǶʯҲһһţ
ڳԲ˲ԼܹõǶʯΪȴҪԪһ𷴶ԣ
ԲҲҡҡͷ㲻ͬԪͬ˽֮⣬һԪһչԴֻңһҪչ֮⡣ǶʯҲ֮һԥѡ֮⣡
Ҳˣ˫ͬ˵֮ĸ飬ǳԪ𣬶ԶԶԲ
֮⣬νԲѪһһĽ֮ⷢչĵز֮鷳ˣȴҪԪˡԲλͬ⣿
ͬҲաԲ𣬽һս͵֮ʤɡΪ֮⣬һнԿҵΪԼУһнԿעʧܡ
Ҳչ۵ıʡ
ŶԶôţЩʱ̫˲ʲô¡ôԪ𣬵ȴãԪܡ
Բʱ򣬵Ȼᱻ
ǺǣĿԴ
֪˵Բ𣬼ȻˣǾһսʤɣл̵֮Ԫ𣬱˲֮ءַսʤԪڳ˵Ρ
չͽԸõǶʯһҲԶˣΪһ죬Ѿ˺ܾúܾá
УַԪңңţ˫ͷֳڽӰ˫ûоȫ
սǶƣȻһȾˣҪ䲻⣬Ҫսֳܷʤ
˵ű޶̵սУλű޶̣˺պսǺǣ޴űȻмһˡ㵽ȲΣ͸ףűǺ󣿡
ַҡҡͷԪԶҲ˽ң̸һڣűҵȷмһˡҵ־ԶҲ޷ףԶҲ֪־һ

ԪأôġС
ַǸ˴˵ƿ߰ˣֻСãܺȣ
һ̣ԪѾɱ⡣
ѿ֮վƿԣ
䣡
Ԫһȭ˳һȭͺ磬ͳͳһȭ֮ϣԼ籾Դм
ҲŨһȭ֮С
ȻַϺܡûнԪСʵϣûκСԪ뷨Ԫ𻹷ǳӡ
ԷҪϣأһһǧ磬Ҫǿ
ǿĴڣַλС
ˣڶԷһȭַ֮Ҳûκα
䣡
ǧ߰磬Ȼ䱬һʱ֮䣬ƺƵ֮ϯַе޵еսһ㡣
һȭֱӭȥ
أ
һ죬Ԫƺһ漴ٵĺˡɫѿڸղţǿһȻֻǧ磬ֶεǧİ
Ѿλϵƿļˣ൱˰磬ǺεȵĿֲ
κһˣ¶޷
ԪˣɼˣȴɲУоѹһȭ֮ͳˣڽס𵴣һ˲ڽʮ׻Ϊޡ
ܡǧ߰磬ôܣ
Ԫһŭɫѿиǳ֮ɫţַǧ߰硣
Ԫ飬ַ嵱ʱҲֻǿܣƺһЩֶΣԪ𶼷š
𣬳ҲһǧħˣԪĺԶһٸ߿ַ壬Ҳͽַ嵱ǧҵѾǵˡ
˭뵽ַӵǧ߰磿Ԫ֮ϣ
˵Ԫû뵽Բ𡢺Ԫͬû뵽
Ȼʵѵ֮ǰڲ׾
ˣһڲ׾֮ǰΪôӮˣ
ܹڶ̶ʱڣȻǿڡԭһֱǧ߰磬ǽӽǧ簡
Բ𡢺Ԫϲ񣬶΢ɲһüͷ
ȻԸ»Ƿˣ
̾һ·Ԥϡ
ţԪ䶨ˣ֮ǰԤΣ
Բ˿ҲĵĻϲжš
ĿԲ𣬳̾һԲģ㻹ǲ˽Ұôҵ˽⣬ѵ֪ҴӲûаյ̣
ţǺ⣿
ԲкȻһ˿ԤС


1373 ԪΪӮˣ
Բųƽı飬һ˿ǣֵزַǧ߰磬Ԫǧ磬ѹ
ֲ࣬κطɶ޷ֲģѵԪа취̣
Բʾ֭Ҳ֪Ԫʲô취̡
Ԫַܻܲ壬Ҳ֪Ԫ϶ܹڲ֮أַ޷ԪҲ޷Ϊ֮ϡˣ䶨ˣνҲûκ塣
ƺأҲ
ԲԺƺһ⣬۾Щŵ˵⣬ѵ㽫̣֮ҲԪ𣿡
䣡
ʱԪ𳹵ױˣ͵ĳһҫ۵ĹâţһԲƵĹâԪеޱȵʥ
ţ
ַüͷ׼һƽԪܣԷǵԲ̹ȴֵַĸо

ַǧ߰磬ȫ۵һ𣬺ƺƵͬһ㣬ѸٵԪ
˿ֲԪӵǧ磬ҲҪѹ㲻Ҳһܵش
ַȴԪ¶һ˿Цݣƺ򶨣ζûκƶҲûκεֵĶ
أ
ַһȭʵʵĺԪϣԪҲûκ㡣ַȴоһȭһǽһǧ߰ǺεȵĿֲֻҪ촷ۡ
Ԫȴûжһ£ַͬţ뺣һʧӰ١ֻԪϵǵԲ̹΢˸һ£ûκεı仯
ţԲ̹
ַҲˣԲƺܹ졣ٵıԴӳΪһûмʲôֵܹһ
οǧ߰Ŀֲ͸ûʲôֵܹˡڣԲ̹ȴַصĸо
ƺ޴һƾжǿƺ޷ͻԲ̹
ֱֱַδš
̣֮ạ֮̊́
Ȼ̸֮Ԫػ˹أ֮֮ǳҲֻǱܰˣûȨụ֮̂
ѾΥ˹أⳡսѾûκ壬ӦЧ
ԪԲȻѾϳԪϵʲôıˣ̣֮֮
ַû˵̣֮ԪҲѸٴ͵㲻սˣ֮֮ؼʱ̣ͲᶯáֵܵסĹֲ֮һֱɳƹܣû뵽Ȼó˻̣֮ԪֱΥ˹ء
ַһԭԲ̹֮ȻֵܹסĹѹ֣ܹ֮ôʱ䣬ַ嶼ĵز
ű֮Զ޶̶֣֮ͼ֮Ϊ֮ƿ֯Ӱ첻̫֮⣬֮ҲһЩűɵ
֮̾űɵԭ֮һ
Ȼȴ޾µӴһЩĿֲƣǱϿô򵥡
˿̣Ԫһл̣֮Ѿ˲֮أôⳡԣַˡ
ַˣҲʹԲ𡢺Ԫˡ
ԲɫĶų⣬ѵ˵ǵŵԣ
ĿһԲޱ飬˵ǵŵҵȻǵãҸǵõܹе̶߳ȣŴ֮⡣
ãããͬΪı֮ȴ֮УȨһ˾Ĺϴʼˣƿһ̵ֻ֮ӡǣҲԿ
ôԲһֱ֮ķչϣУ㷴û̫顣ʵϣǰڻ֮ڵӡǣѾױˣȴ֪Ԫ֪ԪʱƣĿһ£ˣҲһֱûи㣬ţԸӦһ»̣֮
ʲôܣ
Բɫ䣬͵ĿʼӦ˻̣֮Ըġ̣֮ǵ˹ͬõı˭Ҳ޷˵˭õ̡֮
ӡΪеİ취̵֮֮֮ÿһʱ䣬ܡ
꣬һֱڱչأûôԲҲͲôߴ٣Ѿˣ˫ĺܺá
˭뵽ĻǣѾ˻̣֮֮̾ΪС
û뵽ôǰѾʼıˡ
Բʧ֪֮ˣһͿء˻̵֮ĳ𣬾ͼ֮
οл֮ʹȨԪҲͲַܹܵġ
Ѿˣ
ˣˣɣǰˡ
ԲЦ˵
г˿ɬֱѵĸоԭΪͳֻϵĲֻͬϵִ
˭֪ԭһʼѾˡ
ɣѾһͿˡ
Ԫгš
ôһԡԪΪӮˣ
һַ̣ͦƺƵصڽУ˶Ŀ


1374 ת
ţһԣֱ֪η֪֮ǺεȿֲıңҲ޷ӳȫмɵֻзҲ㹻ˣ
ԪЦһͿַ塰ܲˬˣ֮ϴʼ֮һȻַܣ㶪ӡ
βԪŭ
ֻܿŻ֮һһЩӡ
Բ죬ȴʲôû˵ϵıҲǷϣʵϣ֪Ԫл̣֪֮Ѿˡ
ַ壬ҪһԣȻˡ
ַվڽ֮УͷӰԽԽʵһ磬һӰ̺ſֲ
ǧ߰磬ǺεȿֲһȭһҲ׾١ַδӵй˿ֲ
Իַ̣֪֮ⲻԶԶ
̵֮ȷǿûл֮أ
ַ۾漴ˡ
䣡
ͬɽХ㣬ֲɽһкţݺݵĺԪϡԪĻ̸֮סˡ
֮̾ͷ·һ޵׶һƾַжôֲȫսȥûκαļ
ԪϾվյУƾַĹȴͷ˿ûжһ£Ǹַ壬һֱЦš
Ҫַ徿ܳ೤ʱֲĹԪһ˿ɱ⣬ѰŻᣬһҵ˻ᣬһɱ
Ҫնɱַ壡
ַ񱩵ԪϣҲǺԪ̲ס૵ǺαأˣѾˣʵл̣֮㰡𡭡
Ԫ֪´ʼգʵַ塣ûл̣֮ôԪסַġ˭뵽ѻ̸֮Ԫ
һд̽䡣
ȴ΢ɲüͷ΢΢һ壬Ϊúַ֣֪޷ƻ̣֮ȴΪҪһֱôĿĵĹʲôã
ʱƣֲѾסܣס˸λϵߣѿϾǿ񱩵ȵ֮ɢǲܿ
ֻԶԶĿţַԪһƺַ廹ڷĹԪ
ʱ򣡡
ַоâһġ֡Ѿɣ϶Ѿսˣʱڿ񱩵Уַ康Ȼʱ
ʱת
ַʱ򣬾֮ǰַġ򡱣Ѿܹǳˣܹڿ񱩵ĹУ֮Ϊһ壬˷ʤ
ȵ˲ˣȴѾСˡ
ַ岻ľôʧܣҪ֮⣬ͱطԪܹԪֶΣֻʱˡ
Ԫлַ̣֮ʩչʱ侲ַֹҲ޷ƻ̵֮ķֻԪûʩչ֮ʱַϣԪ
ôֻʱת
ûõģַ壬ֻͽûκλҵĿܡ
Ԫɡַ壬һ˿⡣֮ͼ˲֮ءַز¶ΣҪܲҰܵĽѵ
ˣ
ַһι䵽ԪʱԪɫ͵һ䣬ƺһȻͬ
ǲǴ֮ǡ
һַǳĹϢ֮У͵סԪ⧲ֻǣеһܿȻˡ
ַ֮ûа취κΣ
ֻһ̣Ѿʶ˲Ծ
ʱת
ַһͺڽȫĴ߶ʱʱ䳹ת
ȻֻתԪʱ䣬Ԫϣӵǧǿһ
ҪתһλǿһҪεȿµֵַóܺεȿֲķɣ
ַһʱ͸ܵ˿ֲķɣڽǧ߰磬·һɲǾͱٱһڤڤһǿƺҪַڽױ
֮ѹ򣡡
ַȻѾʼʩչʱ׼ʱתˣȻܰ;ϡˣһʱٳ˻֮
ַ֮ڽġ롱ڽĸˣ֮ѹգд籾ԴƺƵȹסڽڽʱסʱתķɡ
ôһСĹԪѾ׵ĿʼˡʱתϵϢȻ΢ǿһЩΪ֮ǰַԪڽʮ磬ʱתظտʼʱʵǿԪʵ
ַ岢⣬ĶԪĸоѾҪתҪʱˡ
ˣ
Ȼַʱ͵һͣ٣ţʱѸٱˡʱ侲ֹѾתˡ
һ̵ʱ䣬ȻԪʩչ֮ǰҲ˵ڵԪ𣬻ûʩչ̡֮
û˻̵֮ԪǾǴ׵ĸǣڻʱ侲ֹԪ޷κζ
ֻĿַϱǰδеݺݵ¡

һַ̣屬ǿڽʮ磬ٱ׻Ϊ˳ַһȭݺݵԪϡ


1375 նɱԪԣ

ԪźֻĿַǿֲȫǧ֮߰ϡ
ͬһʯֱѹ
أ
һ죬ʱ侲ֹ֮£ԪҽжûܷһӴڽ򣬾ͱһӴ򱬣磬һ̣ȫΪ촷ۡ
һֻһûκΡʩǰַȫһӵǧԪҲᱻһ˲򱬡
ַһȭԪڽͳͳ򱬡ⲻַһնɱƿߣȴǵһնɱǿһλһ
ַշʱҲûնɱһ𣬻϶£Ϊ
ڣһλһˣӵǧϡ
ৣ
ַһץסһԲ̹Ȼǻַ̡֮һȭԪ𣬵֮ȴǺ𣬱ַץС
ʵһʼַ岢ûҪնɱԪ𡣱ϾһնɱԪǻǳ鷳ֱŻԪ֮ϴʼ֮һӰ޴һԪһô֮϶ᷢһĶ
ַ岢ϣһֱ֮⡣
ֻϧԪӵлַ̣֮Ʋѣֻʩչʱ򡣶ʱҪԲԶǱԪ֪Ǻֱ롣
ˣԪ
Ԫ𣡡
ˣԪȻˡ
ţԪл̣֮ô
˶ˣַ֮صϰһԵǣ޷սʱĳ
ˣһʱ䣬ǲ֪ԪѶ
ֻǣԪַһȭ򱬣֮ɢȻҲͿ龰ַץס˻̡֮
ԪϢȴѾʧˡֻһֿܣԪ𳹵ˡ
ɱԪԣ
Ȼ䣬бһĨâ޾ɱˮ㣬ַϯȥͬʱǧ֮ǺƺƵ̩ͬɽѹ㣬ַϡ
һ̣𳹵ױŭˣҲû뵽ӵл̵֮֮£ԪȻܡǳԼûаջӵл̵֮Ԫ
ַ徿ʹ˺ֹĪֶΣնɱԪ𣬳ѾϾȥ̽ˡ
ֻһͷǾǽַնɱԪ֮Ӱ졣
ʲôѵƻĹأս⣬ѵֱӲ֣֮ս
Բһȣͬʩչǧ֮ƺƵųϯȥǣס˳ľ
ԲҲ𾪣ַ岻ԪնɱԪ𡣵֪һ̣վַǰ
ʲô
ͬʱԪ𡢹ŵҲӦ˹׷ʩչ֮Բһ𣬿
һʣλҲ׷һԲ˶šһʱ䣬һӱýƺʱᱬս
һ˺Ƥֻܷ֮ѣ˭Ҳòֵĺô
ַųɱ⣬꺮ޱȵı䣬ȴû˿η壬Ẓ֮̇š
ʱӡǣ˾ͼʱӡ뿪ǡȴնɱԪֻҪԣһҶ֡
Ϊһ֣֮ضķѣΪһСűǲһСŶǶʯģһŶǶʯ
һ֮ѣôǰ¸ˣűȻˣóһ˳е
󣬿ܳʲôò
˫˺ܳʱ䣬ù󣬳һС
ˣ
ַоסĻ̣֮ھҵţסҲ֪̣֮ǳˣ޷ΪСֻܷ֡
̻֮Ϊһâɽ˳С
ߣԲӮˡʱ仹ҵı䣡
˵꣬ת뿪ˣλϡ
һʱ֮䣬ȶÿյû˳ˣҲȥˣγ𱣳˿ơǾζţַѾɹļ֮⣬Ϊϡ
οɶ㡣ֻܺ뿪Ԫˣһȴһλϡ˳ڳռûκΰ취֮Ⲣűˡ
γһһͿأҪݷܳʱˡҲΪȡ˱ʱ䡣
𣬲ӴӦǺˣ
ԪԲˣһϲ⣬ַŹءңԼͬλϣ˭ûַնɱԪֶΡ
˭Ҳûѯԭ
ΪҶԪ֮ǣ浽ַܣȻַ岻˵ȻҲȥѯʣ򣬷һЩ鷳
ַȴûôֹۣų뿪ķ֪ٲǶˡ
˵һַ塰Ľ׶ˡ֮⣬ַ岻Ϊ˻֮ķô


1376 ǧŶʯ
ϣζ㣬ͿԽתƵ֮ˣǽ֮ϵ
Ԫַܡ
ַ˵ͷû⣬һٿ˺ĸ߲ᣬ˵ϣ֮ǰŵģҲҪǡ
ģҵȼȻŵ˸϶ʯǾ;ʳԣĴϣھͻȥ׼ռʯ
óԪܸˡַΪ֮ϣôǾϣڳϣռơ
ˣֱڣûٿ£ĬĬƺʹ˳Ĭˡַ֪ʹ˳׳Ĭһ취
һΣҪٵսͲֻǳˡ
ʵΨһı׼ɿȫַý߾ܣѸٵԼʵ
ǣַһʱͷˣټ˻𡢷𡢶Լܽ˺ĸ߲㡣
֪Ǽ֮顣
һʼڶЩ⣬ַ֮󣬱㶼Ȼ˵ķչѾƿ֮ű󣬾ɽҲⲻ˵ġ
ˣѡ֮⣬Ҳõѡˡ٣֮иõԴ𡢶ԼܽҪһǶʯڼַ֮嶼ΪŪҪһǶʯгΪһĻᡣ
ߣ֮⣬Ҳַλ£ġֶ֮Σ͸𽥵Ĳɢˣǿ϶ҲҪʱ䣬ٵüǧʱ䡣
ʱڣ˵˲ġ
ڼǧ󣬴ҶõӦõԴҼǧ֮ʲôӣ˭֪
˵ʱַ嶼Ϊ˶Ҳһ
ˣҶû̫ԣһͨ˾飬֮⡣
˼֮⣬ûʲôѣַص֮ܲʱȴֺԪѾڵȺַˡ
ϣһпɶ˳
һж˳֮Ϳȥˡ
ϹȻˬ졣ʱ䣬ҲûţĴҲ֮ǰĳŵҪĶʯһŲʣȫóˡ
˵꣬Ԫ𶪹һռ౦ַ徫һɨ飬ȻͳͳǶʯҶѻСɽһ㣬ﵽ˽ǧţ
ǧŶʯ붼ÿֲԪ˵һַ֮⣬ʯȡ֮֮ߣһջ
Ƿǳġʵڡ
ңַ廹ĴЩʯз˰˿һǶʯвɵޱ𶯡һǶʯͨƿΪ֮
ַΪһ֮չڶඨʯҲûٵõκһһǶʯһǶʯжô
㲻ǶʯҲǳ󣬲ܹõġַѾӦˣΪҪһǶʯŻȥ棬ԪǻӦġ
ûַԪ͸˰˿һǶʯֱ֮ϲҲԪ˶ַӡ
ȻַܶʳԣϾַѾ֮һԱһϣΪЩһЩ϶£Ǿ͵òʧˡ
ϣûԶѣΨ㡣Ǻһ㣬ַ֮ǰ˲ԸΪ棬Ҳǲϡ
ãԪ˵ݴĳʵ̫ˣ
ַҲ̲סЦ
ַɫԪҲһʵϣ˿һǶʯҲô˳ͳ
ʯҲˣҲҪһǶʯͲһˣǿܹһλһ
һ˭ҲӶࡣһһǶʯܴδһλһ𡣰˿һǶʯʹŰλһܹʹ͸£ܶһ𣬶ڼҲǴкô
Բİ壬ÿλóһǶʯַλµϡ
Ҳǳˡ
ַҲ֪Щϣ£̲֪ж϶һЩһǶʯⶼǵĵַ̣Ҳ֪þա
˿һǶʯѾ㹻ˣ
˿һǶʯַҲɣҲףһǶʯɣʵ̫ϧˡ£ǿܹõλһ¡
ˣ֪λϣܲٸһЩ籾Դ
ַҲûпֱλҪ籾Դˡ
籾Դλϵ̬ȿɾͲһˡԪҲһΪѣҡҡͷ籾ԴǿٴһգϲҪ̫ϣܴ࣬ճһǧݵ籾ԴǼˡϾ籾ԴʵЩҲҪ
ַף籾ԴͶʯͬʯЩ˵ȷûʲôô籾ԴȴڽıԴڽ磬ȻĻܴ󣬵ܹͬʵ
˭Ҳ籾Դ̫ࡣ
ܹճһǧ籾ԴַѾˡ
ǾͺԪˣ
˵˵ǿͬһսˣ˵Ժ֮⣬ҵȶҪ̺ϣ
ԪַҲ̸ܹ飬һԲĽԪĴϣҲ˳ŵ
еʱˣ


1377 Ψһѡ
ǧŶʯ
ַ忴ǰĶʯޱȵĸпΪչһŶʯ涽ĴѰջȴ޼
ڣǧŶʯǰǱ衱ģѴ֮ȻʵַҪöʯҲԽԽˡ
֮ǰΪɵõһǶʯַ嶼˰˿š
ڱչǰַ彫һǶʯ͸𡢶ԼܽǶһļԼ۾
ǿһǶʯɵáΪһһǶʯԭ󣬺ּˣڸǼ֮⣬ΪһһǶʯ
ǵУⲻһŶʯһϣ
ַ嵱Ȼ֪һǶʯζʲô˼ģַ岻뵽˳һǶʯˣôпõǶʯĳǺεȵĿ
һòǻǺֵľĥ
ַָоôưոݣԷһѾĳıˡ
ַҲץʱˣܽϣڳʴϡϳڵַûκεʤ㣬˼ʱӡ֮ززûκΰ취
Լ޷ƿصˣַеǳĲȫˣҪʵ
֮УַǰǧŶʯһǧݵ籾Դ֪һǧ籾ԴҲһǺԪĴһ𡰴ճģѾǼˡ
֮񣬵ǽֻĴϡλϣѾԪԴҲ䵽˳˵ϡ
ַܹõϵе̶ֳ̣֪ȣ٣ΪӦò⡣
ַ֮ǣȻܽԴ͸ַ壬⻹Ժַ
ȻǰַʵĿǰַǧ߰ʵûʸ
̣
ַҲԥڽ֮һ㽫Щʯͳͳ뵽ڽС֮΢΢һĸЩʯС
ǻ֮ڶ࣬ҪȫǧŶʯҲúܳʱ䡣
ַҲûţ֮ɶʯҲû֮ĳ硣
һǧ籾Դ뵽ڽ֮У֮ǰ籾Դû꣬ˣַ֧һΡܶˡ
ַܹģʵʱ֮ڲȴƽ
ַˣ뵽֮⣬ûʲôԪ䣬˵ڡ顱ַʱֱַնɱ
Ϣһ֮ڲȻ󲨡
ԪѾ׼ܰţˣûгʲôӡԪµں̵ܶʱڣͱϹϷһա
һλϵкۼʹ˳ʧ
֮ⶼƽУƽıȴз籩
ĹУϣҲԴɫء
ڹУһλİ𡣿ǺܺƵߣϣһȴٴУڳųصѹƵġ
ַһϳİ𣬺ȻűУĿǰΨһһλ߱
֮߱⣬Ѿ˾ˣڣ߱ǰһ˳Ծ
պأ˭û˵ǳҲǽüͷһԲ
ã߱𻺻ڵϷǺʧ
߱Ŀ⣬λһһɨͣڳϡλ޽ӽǿԭ߱Ǽ˺ƾųǿʵ֮ϴʼ֮һƿ֮⣬Ӧû⡣
֪һͿأԪˣûܳƿ֮⣬·硣
߱Գǳʧ³ĵܹ̲߱סԶ֡
߱ʵǵ͹Ǹ𡣡
𻺻˵
ô֪ǸСһЩܣԭϷòʲôû뵽ʱô죬ϷСϵܰ
߱΢۾Լۡƺԡ
𣬶˵档űܲĽͨܿҪˣ޷㶨֮⣬ôȵͨ򿪣ϷҲ޷ֹǶ֡ҪԼ֣Ҫű֣Լɡ
ѾвˣǾ棬ͬʱҲʵ
űͨǾͲֹһλή١Ȼ֮ʲôֵ
΢΢һʵΪ֪űͨ´ͨѡ
ΪΨһѡ


1378 ٲ
еѹ˳ϡ֮ϴʼ֮һ֮ǿߣеصѹ
һΣ̬
߱һڽͨǰ׽֮⣬ٸһʱ䡣
˵̺һ˿
ô𣬲Ϸ򲻸ʱ䣬ʱȷˡͨһЩûϷô˵Ϊ˱ȫ֮⣬Ҳ࣬ϣһΣҪϷʧ
˵꣬߱;ֱ뿪ˡѾڳôǾǳˣ߱Ҳ֡
ο߱ڲֻ֣⡣ֻ߱ĬĬĵȴŽͨĿһͨܳûн֮⣬ű󶼻֮⶯֡
߱뿪ڵԻһЩ
׼ôԲˣ
ԲһλϣʧԪ֮󣬾ͽֻλϣڳѹԷܡ
ʲô취ǳѹסԲˣƿ֮⣿űǱǵʱѾˡ
ʣµλ϶ڽţƶ˵ԽԽˡ֮⣬ȵűͨűԶ֣֮ɾ鷳ˣ֮ⶼһ
ǿȫǡ踺ءҪȫ֮⣬߱
˵Ŀⶼ˳ϣҲֻгоȨ
۾Զıƺ͸¶һ˿Σ૵Ҫ¶ˣҲߵһڿȴɲҲ߳һˡԲ𣬱ңҲΪ˱ȫ֮⡭
ţʹֻϵϢȴԽԽ䣬ɢһ˿Ϣ

Ĺ˿̶ϣɫЩأƺԥʲôڸղţյһ벻˵Ϣ
ȥ̸̸̸ʲôұԲ𣿡
Цȴ޷ӳ롣Ͼ֮ǿߣϴʼ֮һ֮ױȵӰ
ʱڡжԡʵϣûнУֻǾϰˡ
ˣȥҲ޷𾿾˵ʲô
д⣬Ǳ㰴ճĵص㣬һ˹
ಣ
˿յĽȵС
ףŵҲˣ
ոյȣͿ˹ŵ
ŵҲܲ죬ɻʵҲˣѵҲյ˳룿
ԣ׼̸һЩʲôʲôϢû𲻻ǱԲɣ
пܣϾڳѾ·ˡôܱԲ𣿻˵ǵԲͬôܱԼ
λһ£óǱԲΪڵĳƺҲֻôһְ취ܹѹԲˡ
˱Լײᱳѡ
ȵȣôûп𣿡
ҲûкԪҪǱԲ𣬺ԪӦҲ֮𣿡
λЩɻ󣬵û뵽ĿܡŴϣִ֮ͬ⣬˵ͬ㶼Ϊ
˺Ƥʵ˫ûҪöԷء
ֻǾϣҪԼˡ

Ȼдһ̾Ϣ
ţһϤӰλǰ
㽫˽ʲô˵ɡǱԲǾͲ˵ˡ
˵
̧𣬿һŵȴҡҡͷҵȷȰ˵ǱԲ𡣵ڿѾ˴𰸡ʵ򲻵ѣǲİ취ûѡ񡣲ҿԸǣһУΪ֮⣬ҲûΥ֮ʱŵԣҵĳŵûѡ񣡡
õͳйɱ֮ûѡƿ֮⣬ôűͻԶ֡
һűĶԶ֣֮⻹ʲô
ҧѾûѡ
ŵ͵۾Ѿܵһɱ֮ƺʶʲô·̼ͱƵġ
Ҫʲô
Ҫߵһһ̤һ֮Ͳ֮⣬ٲ
䣡
λϵľھǧӴ˲併٣


1379 䣡

𡢹ŵ۾ĶųǾǵҲţȻˡ
ȻҪɱǣ
֮ⷢչգŴϣͬ㣬ԣҲûɱԷڣˣһ־նɱλϡ
أ
ϵڽ˲䱬ըΪҽڳǧ֮ѹ֮£һǧǧ磬ʲôֵסͱѹ촷ۡ
һƬž۾Щ죬ҲܳĬ˫ֶĲ
ڻߵһʵǰҪߵһֻߵһʱ޷Ȼ֮
𡭡
ʣµλҪο𣬵ȴ֪˵Щʲôֹӽ𣬻֮Ѿ׷ˡ
ܳʲôԣ֮£ȴվѺۣ޷޸
߰ɣһжɾˡԲҲ֪Щɱģ֪Ҳֻܿ²⡣ȥ֮ٿᣬ֮򣬳׾֮ˣǵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ţ漴һʧӰ١

䣡
ַڽ򣬴ʱ˿̣Ǳը
ӻ֮С磬Ҫը󣬲ܹγһ磬ַΡʵ̫̫࣬ˣγڵۡ
һ籬ըȴûкڽ෴ըһӣȴַڽ򲻶ϵš
Ҳܹŵģޱ޼ʣƺûмޡһֱţַãڽ򲻻ᱻСǧС١
ƿԭһ𵽶𣬶һĻۡ
۵һġܹСʡɱ䣬Ϊ
ֻǣۻȴ˸У˸е޿κΡַһСǧ磬ελλ
˵ܡϾͱ߱Ű֮֮͵̵Сǧ磬˲ܳΪ
һλˣλλأѵƿߣͲˣƺһۡ
ֱ磬һλڵ磬͵һСǧ硣֮ðСǧˣܾ߱һСǧӶΪ
ÿǲǶһСǧ磿
һСǧ磬ֻܵһλ
ַ뵽ֻܶ࣬ǣڵʵʶȻ޷شЩ⣬޷֪еܡ
ģǻۣĻۡ
һ絮ַڽҲʼ
ԭѾǧ߰ˣڣǲϵƺûмƵġ
ǧ˰ǧŰǧǧһ򡭡
ַʹʱ٣Ŀǰܹﵽʱ١ڤڤУеֽȸУʱĿǰܹܵ󸺺ɣʱҲ˼ޡ
磬ÿʱÿ̶ڵ
ǧǧǧİǧǧ򡭡
תۼ䣬ַڽ磬Ѿǧ
ǧ߰ǧһǧ򣡵ƺûֹͣļַǧ磬һǧ籾Դ
Ŀֲ̡㹻ַܶܶˡһ籾Դܹ磬ļ١
ַ岻֪ܲܽǧʯȫþһʵͶһֱϡ
֮⣬ΪʲôǼȡ֮֮Ķʯ𣿲Ƿĵô
Ϊ˻Դַ弸߾ܵһܹõĶڣԸԳˣһΣԻáըԡ
ǧһǧǧǧ߰򡭡
ַѾ׵ĳУ˿ûע⵽ġǴﵽǧ֮ڽһ˿ϸ΢ı仯
ֻǣַѾ׵ĳ絮о֮УһУڽһУӦǷǳģӦȽϳٻ
ʱһĹȥ
һ졢졢졭
һ¡¡¡
һꡢꡢꡭ
ַҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ƺһƺֺܶݣݵֻһ˲䡣
ֽȻ෴ָоַС
ַٲ֣ǾֻΪȨˣߣٿƳ٣οѾʱ䣬Ӷãղַܲܳأᶼٿ
Լ䣬һ̶ַĶС
һоеַ壬·һӱѡȻ۾


1380 ͱơֽ
ʱٿ
ȻһϤ˳ȥһϤӰ
𣿡
ֳϣˣ
ֳϣڳˡ
Բ𡢺Ԫ𿴵ַأ϶¶һ˿ϲɫƺǳµ𣬿ַҲֻһҲãȻϳˣǾ͸Ͻȥٿɡ磬ٿᣬϣ׼ʱ
˵ֱ꣬ת뿪ˡ
ַ忴Բ𡢺ԪһƣɵüͷһԲ𡢺Ԫô£ŵأڣٿᣬҲ³ˡ
ȷַ岻μӣԲһҲˣƱƱȫþˡ
ԲɫһʧˣŵѾʧꡣǰһٿᣬֳϱչΪɣ赲һֱʱ䵽˽գֳٲأǿҲ޷ˡ
ʧ٣ʱ䣬ûκټ
ַüͷһ壬͸¶һ˿Ѱ
λϣǧ磬߽ӽǧǿ֮Χ֮ڣôܻԵ޹ʵʧ٣
ַ뵽һֿܡ
᲻ᣬѾˡ
ַ뵽ֿܣԲ𡢺Ԫʱ䣬û뵽ֿܣֻǲԸŰˡ
Ԫҧһһ˵ȥʳ𣬵ϡߣҿǳ𣬷Ļ˭κελϣңºĵ飬λϣƺӵĳ룬Ȼʹ뿪ȥĳȡֻȥ£ȴʲô鲻ˣƺۼһ˿˿޷ҵ
ԲԪﾡܶ˲²⣬ǶšĻΥĳŵЩ֡
Ҫ֪ǾŴϣ֮Ȩô򵥡Ľ飬ͬһѡ
ϵĲͣҲԲŪţ֮ǰԡΣҲã˻ɱ֡
²⣬ȴôҲš
γټǣٿᣬҪˣ
ԣҪ٣ֻλϣλϱǻ䡣
Ԫһ˭뵽ǰǴõƣһռơѹóһġ
ڣƾȻ˲Ϣתˡ
һǾͺܿһͿأ֮ⶼҪ뵽űУ޷ܵĽ
ôѰҵŵڱˡûǶҪ֪˵
ַܿҵƾֵġؼǾŵλϡҵǵ䣬ˣҲһҪõȷ֤ݣ֤ǵйء
ֻóıû˿塣
ǣԲԪûԼλϱɱ֮£ɶԳл룬ɲųɱ֡
ֻûʧпܱһץסá
ⲢԲ棬Ľ飬ûκ˻ųĻɱ֡
ǣܹۼ
뵽ַһԪ֪ŵ𣬾ȥȣ
Ȼ֪ȥǽȡ
ãȥǽȣӦа취֪ǵ䡣
ֳа취̫ˣ̾ͳ
漴Ԫַ塢ԲѸٵĸϵǽȡ
յǽȣһ󡣸ûκ˿
ŷԲң̫ƫ
Ԫ϶˵漴ԪԲ𣬶Ŀַ壬Ҳַ֪徿ʲô취ȥ̽Ѱ𡢹ŵ䡣
ַ屳˫֣˿һӱ
û̡Ѱҡ˿Բ𡢺ԪʵλЩλչˣȻλûѯʣӦҲʡĳΪܹô죿԰ɣ
ֱַӿڣͷ·ͱĳ㴰ֽ
ǴղܣԲ˲ѯʣǹ˼ַءַ֪¸ס
ǰ˵ʵأ
̶̼꣬ʵǾͲáʵˣˣ˲¼ɣ̹סͱһ㴰ֽ
һַ廹һЩ
ȻַѯʣԲԪЩݣһأ˵ȤҲܡ
ˣԲһŻڵԸ꣡
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳעַ壬ĿҲһ˿ӡԼ


1381 Χʱݣ
ַҲûλʧֱ˵˵ʵĳǳ壬˵ͳƿߡûʹöʯΪһƿߣ
棿
ԲԪһʵҲַ塣ϸ飬ܵϾǼءȻǲûеַһλƿߣˣλϷǳ𾪡
Ƕ֮ϣУʶ㣬֮㲩û˻ǻҪˡˣǵȻ֪汳塣
ͳƿߣҪ磬ҪһŶʯöʯը档һѶɽ࣬鶼ܹгɣѳΪƿߡ
Ϊʹ˶ʯҲǶʯļޣԺʵǿͱøʯǣҪ𣬾ͱɶǶʯ
ΪûжǶʯˣٳ޷ͻƣһֱƿϡԴ츳ȱһŶǶʯͽ𳹵׿ס
Ǵͳƿߵı㡣
һƿߣǿԼʹöʯ棡ƿߣֱһһ
Ƕ£ʶ㣬Ȼ֪桱жôѡҸ֪˵ǰ;ǶôĹ
ʶôƿߣûһƿߣ֮ƿߣҪʯҲͼûƿ
һǡǡǣǴ˵еĽֻҪԴʱ䣬Ǿһ·УûƿһŶǶʯס
ԭһλƿߣǡ˼飡
ԲҲַ̾壬ЩһҪѷɫˣܹüԼġޡ˵ġ߶ȡַ壬ûмޣûƿǰ;
ԲԪʵһССʡ
ַƿߣûмޣûƿҲûַ˶磬ôʵô죿
ңѰ𡢹ŵʲôϵ
ַֻ֪ǡ桱ԶԶ𺳣Ҳ޷ʵôԭǾͻҪһ롣
ˣ
ַһָһصĹ֮Сһʯӱַ嵯漴ը촷ַۡĽ֮£ܿ죬ʯ»ָ
⡭
ԪԲ۾ĿɿڴĿһĻֱַ֪ƿ߻Ҫ𾪡
⡭ʱתʱ䣿
Բʶ㣬뵽һֿܡ
ַƵĿһԲ漴˵ͷԲʶ㣬ʱĳ棬ڳΪһɱΪʱĽʵʱ򣡡
ҲΪʱأҲаҳ𡢹ŵ䣬Ϊһʱݣ
ַĻ£ʱƺƵʱ򼸺ס˷ԲķΧݺԪṩϢŵ𣬾⸽ʧ١ôﷶΧ֮ڣҲѾ㹻ˡ
ֳҪʱݣ
ԲԪһۣܿԷе𾪡
ʱݣŵʧ٣Ǿһܹʧٵ龰
˵ַ꣬忪ʼʱ
ʱݣ
ַһʱƺƵʱ򣬿ʼﷶΧ֮ڵʱⶼ
ţȻûʲôࣿ
ַĲʱ˰ﷶΧȴûиежôĳأôԸЩ࣬ƺﷶΧҲʲô¡
Ȼʱݣʱתĵʱ򣬻ַܵĸȻ޷ᲢۡʱַеĸɣԴ˿ַ˵ͲʲôϾֻǻݣתʱա
ˣǰְַﷶΧĿռ䣬ʱݣҲôд⡣˵ַڽĲţʱҲԽԽǿ
ⲻַڽܹܵĸԽʵϣʱҲǿǰͬʱתͬĶʱǿַ͸ӵɡ
ȻַҲûȥʱ򵽵ǿ˶٣ľ񶼼ʱϡԲﷶΧĳѸٵġݡ
һ졢졢졭
һꡢꡢꡭ
ַݵʱݵǰڽҲеһ˿ɡʱ䣬ڡŵӰ
쿴𡣡
йŵ𡣡
˹Ȼʲô
ԪԲĶǰݵӰеϣܹټݣΪݣ֪λʧٵԭˡ


1382 ַİ취
ɼӴˣ
ַһʱʱɼӴһʹһǾʱݵӵǿĴڡ
ֻŻᵼַĸͽȻӴ
ȻʱݣַĸʵССϾʱתûôšҪݵĳλǿߣǸɾͻǳš
ҪַҪһλ¸ոջݣڽͻٱǿĴڣ֮ǿӰʱˣַҪֲĴڣʵ֪ǿʲô̶ȡ
ȻϼӴ󣬵ַҲܹܵסΪʱУϤӰ
ַһӻ˼ʱʱתͺһ¼ĺˡһַǺˣȻ١š
һ˾ܺܡֱۡĿǰһĻˡ
ಣ
ǰһĻŵֵһ̣λƺûǰϵյͬһ룬
ţһλ֮еӰˡ
ӰԲǺԪ𣬶̲סһƺԤ֮Уƺš
֮ǰв²𡢹ŵʧйأҲֻǲ²⡣ڣַʱ֮£һжô
ֻһ֣ŵһŭ漴λͱڽŵһкۼĨɾ
󣬻ʧˣַҲûټʱݣΪûκ壬ʵǰ
ŵ𣬶ɱˣ
ԲŸղʱݵĻ棬૵ڻߵһڻΥ˵ŵԣѾǵˡ
ԲʧԪһԲ𡢳Ԫƿֵ֮⡣
ͳãһͬԪǺܹͬ
˭뵽ټ֮⣬ջߵһ
Բô죿
ԪҧΪߣɫò԰ޱȡ
ԲȻһЦѾߵһǻô죿ǲͬ⣬£Ļɱˡ
ԲƲ⣬ʵϣ˳ɱ͹ŵԲѾ֪ضɱ䡣ǸĿľݵۣԷȻѾ֣ǾһҪĿġ
˭赲𶼲ٿ
ˣԿ·
Կ˭ǳĶ֣Բ𡢺Ԫַ壬ڳϡ
ԲĻ䣬Ѿκϣ˲ˡɳ֮ⶼűС
ʱ뿪֮⣬뿪
ġû취ˣ
Ԫҧڲܲģľôʧܣľôá
Σ
Բ˵Ѿһǲãܰ;ϡڳ˾٣൱ڳ˺Ƥ
ͬ⣬ãǳ¾ͻɱ䡣
˭ǳĶ֣
Բ뵽ģԪҲ뵽ˣŷǳġ
취
Ȼַ建ڡԲԪ˲ͽĿַϡǰַ壬к
֮ǰַѾ̹סһЩأ磬ƿߣûм޺ƿǰ;
ֱ磬ղŵʱݣǺζʲôζţַΪصʱ
ǿ޷յǿصĹ򣬵ַȴˣʱַٶȼֱһǧ
ԲԪ𣬲ַ֪ǿŻ֮ɶʯӶٶȺܿ졣Ϊʱ⣬ԼַûƿŻô졣
ǺĽҲһЩ棬ʱعǲַܴ϶ߡ
׶˵Ĺ򣬿ƿ֮ͻɱˡ
Ϊַġ̹ϡúԪԲַ峹׵ķģʱ棬ⶼǼȶģУǰһУĻͲ棬˵ʱˡ
Уܱ֤һʱ
Ҳ˵ַĳɹǵУǡɸơģΨһԡ
Ȼ޷ȡַϵܣַʱ棬ǰ;а취
ֳϣкΰ취
ַĿһԲԪ𣬱˫֣䣬˵ʵƾֵĹؼڳϡеһУҪ취Ҳܼ򵥡׽ôһе⣬Ͷ⡣
ַİ취򵥡ֱӣЧ
ֻǣַĻ£ԲԪȴĬ


1383 ǧ磡
׽𡭡ȷһð취˭֪취ؼ˭ܽԲңֻǺ𣿡
ԪЦ˵
ӵоǧٶ磬ǺεȵĿֲѾﵽˣֻûжǶʯ޷ͻƣĻͳΪ˶
£޵С
ʵ˭ܽ
ַ嵭ȻһЦʵҵøл֮ǰλϵĶʯԼһǧ籾ԴûǧŶʯûһǧݵ籾ԴҾ޷ɳز𣬽ң
䣡
ַĻ£ʱһɺ嫡ֲ˲䱬Ϣͷ·úԪϢ
Ԫѹ֮£ֶޱȵѣͲһεȫѹס˺Ԫ
⡭Ƕٸ³Ҳ˰ɣ
ԪڲΪ˷ܣԼһ˿ŵɫţַȻһӱˡ
٣ǲڳ
⣬Źȥ೤ʱ䣿ֻ꣬ʱ䣡
ַ㡭ʱ͵ز
Ԫʵ
ԣֻ꣬꣡籾Դʯӵ˾ǧ磡
šǧ磡
ԪĺЩҵԲ𣬴˿Ҳ۾֮ɫ
ǧ簡ʹԪأԲ𻹴֮⣬Ҳǧˡ
Ҳ츳Դ޾Ŷѳ˾ǧ硣
ַأ
ֻʱ䣬ʹǧ磬һԾ˾ǧ磬ٶȣֱ쵽޷ܡ
ʵϣҲַһΡ
ǧŶʯƷʶȽϺãˣǧٶ磬ԭǧ߰磬һӵžǧ磡
ңַ廹øлԪԲˡִһǧ籾ԴַҲʱ䣬ô硣
ϣһ籾ԴʵǿԳġԶԶҪٵö࣬磬ʱ򼸷籾Դһܹһ硣
ַξ׼籾Դһ籾Դ͡硣
ùַ彥ջƣԲ𡢺ԪҲƽ
Բɫһݣ˵ֳϣԺĪǰʾ˿ֲٶȣ⡭ʵ̫ˣѱ˲²⡣
ԲҲǺѣѾַ峹׵Լˣʮַ壬˲Żѡ
Ϊַ֪ġܡԲŶַܷûʲô֮ģΪҲ֪͡͵ߡ
桢ʱܡ͵ߵģ
ǶԼֻԵԼ츳ܹաַתޣ޷֤ܹʱ򣬾棬Ҳһܱ֤
ԣԲѵĶԡֳϣȻ֪˲֪ѱ֮ġٶȣʵ̫ˣϷڶֲʵĸо
ַ˵ͷʵ֮ǰҲڡ̽ԪԲ̹ϡԼϵġܡȻûȫгʵѾ˾Ųʮ
ԲͺԪҪһЩе˼ĻַԸѡ֮⣬ҲҪնɱ
ڣԪԲ𣬲ûġǶַΣֻǾַϵġܡǸ޷ߣˣǲûġ
ʲôԭַ嶼ʱˣĿꡱת˳
ַûǣĴ׼ȷ˵Ԫĵ̣ǿɾĵ̣̺ŶٶʯԼ籾Դ
Щ籾ԴԼʯ϶ַܹ塰ƽ
ôһǧѷĻᣬַȻ
ģλ˶֪ҪԸĻ¾޷ᱩ¶һЩܡˣһĶˣҲ֣
ַĻԲɫȻ˵Щʲôֹջǵ˵ͷĬ
Ѿɱŵ൱ڴ˵ߡһ֣˫Ȼ޷ˣһ֡
ֳϣ㾡ܷʩչΪ֮⣬ǲĴˣֻǣܶԸ˳𣿡
ԪЩġ
Ͼַ˾ǧ磬Ǿǧٶ磬˫һĲࡣ
û˲֣Ӧò̫⡣
ַ屳˫֣ŵ˵
ʱַ岻ųֵܵס
ãһоͰֳˣ죬һȥᣬλҪ֣ҺԲһȫס
ַҲ˵ͷԪԲ֣Ҳͬһ㡣Բǧ磬һ˾ԶԸˡ
׵̷˸Եסĵȴ쳤ٿ


1384 ̯ƣ
ڶ죬׼ʱٿ
λ𣬶׼ִǺϾƺɡٿᣬʮİա
ûһԲ𡢺ԪԼַ壬ִԲĮӣûκα鲨ֻһ˿ɫ
Բʲôû˵ϣ漴۾
һھĵȴţƺڵȴŵ˭ûпڡʱ󣬳һ̲סʼѡ
ԲѾʱˣŵûеݹ涨ٲɾȡεĻʸˡ
ৣ
Բ͵۾ȴûп˵ˣֱĶųͬ꺮䣺ŵΪûӦʳǣôǣ
ţ
һݣȴ򶨣ɻʵԲǺ⣿
ٺ٣ʲô˼ף
ԱߵĺԪҲЦһ
ȴ֪ǲûǹûᣬ˵ȻʱѵŵûǾͰչأλ飬ȡǵʸ񣬹رմţῪʼ
ųĻ£ĴŻĹرգڣڣֻʣλϡ
һγô١
ٿᣬֻһ⣬Ǿ֮ȥδӵ⡣飬֮ȥԳϻͬ򷴶֮ⲢűߣԿʼƱΪվ飡
ɨһڶϣ漴˵֮ͬⲢűߣֱ
漴ͷλ϶ֱʾͬ⡣
ޱ˵ƺѾˣλͬλͬ⻹Ƿԣûκˡ
ʼգԲ𡢺ԪԼַ壬ƺû˵ǾĿų𡰱ݡ
ԪЦһðѾˣջǵóԸˣҪ֮⳹͡Ǻǣǲ͹ŵɱһ̣ǾѾ֪Ľˣ
ţ
͵̧ͷĿĶ˺Ԫϡ
󣬳ĿƶĶԲϣһǺܾãҲֻһСʹ૵Բ㶼֪ˣ
ǣ֪ˡû뵽ջߵһôĶɱ֣
ԲЩ̵ڣĿųġݡһֱͳ׵Ļˡ
ǰĳ𣬵ȷѾǵͬĳˡ
Ǻǡ
𷴵Цֻǣ͸һ˿Ρ
Ҳ룬ңǺԡϣ֮⣬ֺγϣûѡֻ
ûѡѡкܶ࣬Լˡ
Բʲô֪űʵжôֲ֪ű󼴽ͨͨǸʱ򣬻ήٶλű֮Ϊ֮ˣʲôȥֵԣûѡҲΪ֮⣡
Ƶģͳ
Ѿѹ̫ʱ䡣
Բӵųճ̾һ㻹ǲϳϡűвΣѵ֮ܵвôͨĿΣ֮˷Щǰδ֪򣬼ؾǡѾˣ֮ҪĲЩ򣬲ЩԴˣ֮ڵƿ߰ǲ֮ĸ
㣬ȴΪһŶǶʯԹûʵɣλ϶նɱˡλõϣҲֲһŶǶʯǺǣڿ˵Ϊ֮⣬ʵĿģһŶǶʯԼ
䣡
ԲĻģͷ·Ƶģ˳У˳ʹ
Ϊ֮⡭
һŭ˶ÿƺƵƣ޼ɵıϵıҲ·Ťֲ
ԸϣһжΪԼԼƭΪ֮⡣
Ϊ֮
ʣնɱŵʱûʲôУû˿ԥ
һģһŶǶʯĶõǶʯΪôƴ֮¡
õǶʯΪһֱĵһĿ꣡
һʱ䣬·ȻѡԼûʶΪͲΪ֮⣬ΪֻԼˡ
Ҳ˵ĶǶԵġԲģѾûѡ񣡼ȻɲϣҾֻȥˣ
Ȼѡĳ𣬷·ĵһҲûκι˼ɣɢɭȻɱ⡣


1385 ˣǾսɣ
һй˼ɣ񣬿쭵ƣͬɽХһ㣬˲Բλϡ
ǰƺй˼ɣ֮ǣһЩ֡ĶԼԼԼƭˡ
֡αơߣڳױԲ˺ˡǣҲûκθڷһй˼ɣٶԲ˱κλ롣
ӹһ˽ˣʼգ֮ҲãҲգͳͳΪԼ
Բ͹ŵ𣬵ȷɱġʵ̫޴ˣͶңҲͲУһǺαأ֮ʲôǵִİˡֻҪܹΪ֮ⲻˣҲ̴ڶ֮⡣
Բôһֱ͸ԼʵǸΪԼʵ֮⣬ʲôο֮ƿ߲űҲԼĻԵֲǻ֮⡣ȴһ٣ٶԣֱȡ֮
һͷڷƮ裬ͬī֭һֱ֮Ѿ۳ΣԲﷶΧ֮ڣͬ籩һ㣬ͣŰ
һ̣˫Ѿ˺ƤΨһսܳ׽⡣
ȻҲҪɱôǺǣ棬ͬȴûпΪˡ¾ңҲĿĵİɣô֮꣬Ϻķ˶Ѫ󲿷ԴǱõˣеĵزҲգվ˽֮׷ģ˵ʵǽգ֮һ˶ϣ
ԲҲ˽ģɫ
ԲģƾҲһ˶ϣͲҵĶ֣ɱ㣬֮ĶѾͨˣ˭ɱ˱ǡһ˲ɱһˡ˲ɱˣֱɱ˶Ϊֹ
ɱֱͬɱһ㡣ˡĳ𣬿ͬһħһ
ħҪ£
ƺƵƣͬһ㣬סѹԲԲԪͬͷų֮Ҳ޷ơ
ǧ磬ǧ磬ʵ̫ˡ
Բ䵱Ķ֣֪ĳ䲻䣿ҪɱԲ𣬻ùĳһأ
Ȼһֱûпڵַ壬Ȼ俪ˡ
һڣͷ·籩٣һɿֲƳַͷһ磬ֱ飬޾
ƺƵ֮͵γһϣ˳Բ֮䣬Բ˴ϢĻᡣ
ţַ壿
üͷһ壬ַܵϢȻ΢һȴû٣Ҳоǧ磡
ǧ磬
֮ǰַŽֻǧ磬ԪսʱǿһЩصֶΣԪնɱ
ڣ̶̼ʱ䣬ַӵ˾ǧ磬ʲôٶȣ
ôӵоǧ磿֮ǰԪսʵգͲʵΪǸûбҪǣ㵱ʱֻǧʵڣȴӵ˾ǧ磬ڶ̶̼ʱڣǧʵܣһоܣ
һ
෴ʮֵľ
ַʵѾĺˣԲҪҲûнַ嵱ɹ֡
ڣַȴΪĶ֣ӵžǧ磬Ǽʱֵز˵ַûܣ˭ţ
һʱ䣬ͷ·ˡ´½һַĿ⣬̰֮ɫ·ַȶǶʯջҪ
ȻѾ˺ˡαơߣ˴ʱ˿̣Ͳм١αװľֻһĿģǲϧһдۣҪǿԼʵ
ΣûΣ㻹ǵԼɣԲֱ֣ħҪħ
ַҲЩ̾
Ǻǣַ壬ҪԼ˵ôСΪѵΪ֮ķԴʵҶͬһ˰ˡ
һЦ
ȻΪ֮ԴһеߡҺȫһҲΪ˵õԴͽ˸ˣҲɱͬĺѣűʵĲͬ
ַɲãͳͬһˡȻҶΪԼʵȴԲϧһдۡ
ַ岻ܻǱʵĲͬ
ϻ˵ȻѾһ˵ĻҲûκ塣һսʤɣʤΪ߿ܣɱ㣬ȻܵóԸɱңҲܵóԸ
ϵƸӵӿͬ˳һϯ
ַҲأ֪һսѾ޷⡣
ˣǾսɣ


1386 ѵ˵Ԫôģ
¡
ַһ֣ȫûй˼ɡ˵ȫչʱֵ֮ĵطͳͳΪ촷ۡ
Բ𡢺Ԫ𶼵סַ֮סǣŵӳ졣
һλҲһΪǱԶˡַ֮ս˱˵֣Χ۶úѣ΢һನһܹܵס
ԭԲַһԸ𣬵ڿȴֵʸûˡⳡսֻڳַˡ
أ
ڵ磬˲ըˡΪ֮ܲڵ磬ԭҲǴأλǧϵǿȫ֮£ͳܲס˲仯Ϊ촷ۣλƻжôĿֲ
ֻǿʼ˵֮ԣһ˭Ҳ޷ˣȫǾȫҪܶԷ
ԪܽţСʵԲֳܻܳ𣿡
ԲҲǧ磬ڳˣ˭ܹսֵĻһԲˡ
ԲҲֻԼԼĿַһ𣬻ײţռݵȵȣַϣֱ˾ռߣ̫ˡԲҲ֪˭·硣
Բǿ˵ֳϼȻˣӦһİա޷ܳ𣬵ԼӦҲްǻϸŰɣȻᣬʵѵã
ȷԲ𡢺Ԫ˵һĻᡣܹĿλ޽ӽǿƿս
ĻᣬһҲֻһΡ
Ƕһǿ̫࣬һ֣ǾѹԲ𣬶ʲôãȻûʲôá
ַ𣬶޽ӽ𣬵ȴûгΪĶ𣬵ܿһĶǵжкܴ档
أ
ȵУַѾΡÿһӣгǧεĽ档ǵĽ棬ѾǼ򵥵Ķ֣֮Ľɱš
ⴿģˣ˫ʵһĲࡣַ壬ʵҪȳҡ
ַĽĤΪۻ룬ֱ˼顣ˣֲ֮Ĳ࣬أǿֲһ̣֮еĹâ˸ַ֮ÿÿϯײ˻֮ϾʧӰ١
ˣڶʱڣ˭Ҳκβ˭ǳַᴦ·硣ĽĤۻ룬չܵһЩ𵴣л̣֮ˡ
ãһַ壡иѲΣл̣֮൱˲֮أսҹҲҷֺ෴ʱƣ֮ʣ¶٣
ԽԽ䣬ȴԽԽ𾪡ڵҪַ壬սȴ£Ҳ޷ѹסַ塣
𶼵ÿŻ̲֮ڲ֮أĻ˵Ĳַ塣һĻֱóš
ӺܾúܾǰѾԼ½޵ˡڣַһոӵоǧƿߣȴսò£
֮ôȷһﰡȱУǱ
ַҡҡͷ̵֮ȷһѵõı֮ܶסĹǺεǿı
ạ֮̊́˿ڳУܷӳȻԶԪУַ嶼ռˡ
ȷὥ·硣
Ҳ˶ѣַ岢ûʩչƣֻһ£˿̵ʵﵽ˺ֵز
̣֮ѵûмô
ַƺаڽе磬𶯣޾֮ϯľ˳
ַĹͷ·籩ƵģûͣЪ
뾡˸ְ취þ˸ֶΣѽѷֱ֡־ŭǰһĻ
Ϊַ籩Ĺ֮£Ȼ·硣ֻܱġסַĹһֻǿŻ̡֮
ĻַĹڵ磬Ҫʧʮϰ֮ࡣ
ĿǰΪַֹʧȴΪޣһ綼ûʧֻǺķ֮ˡ
ͣǿƺѾжˡ
ҲΪˣԽԽ䣬ַɱҲԽԽŨ̶ַ̼ܹ꣬ﵽֵزٸַһʱ䣬ǿԳΪˣ
¶˾ģһΣһҪַնɱԾ󻼣
ַ壬ǧ򲻸ãʱսҡΪڻ֮£һжͽͣڸýˣ̣֮ѹ
ָһ̣֮ʱ֮һӱһȦȦĹγڻ̵֮Χ
ΧĿռ䣬񶼱һ㡣̣֮Ȼ߱Ŷռ䣬ѹյܣֻǣķǳ֮һ㲻򲻵ѣ𶼾ᶯû̵֮
ȻַѾóов֮죬ϧʹû̶֮յҲҪַסӶնɱ
ַסǧĿֲȻҲ˿ã̵֮档
ȴһ㾪ŵı鶼ûУǼ¶һ˿صЦݡ
𣬻̵֮ȷǿҲ档ѵˣԪôģ
ţ
ַĻ·ó뵽ʲô˲ɫ䡣
ǰԪôģ
µڣҲ޷⣬ԪҲл̣֮޷ӳȫл̵֮ıǶĹֵܵһ
ԪȴƫƫˣַС
һʱ䣬ַ廰£˶̾


1387 
Ŀܣַڻ̵֮ѹ֮£һ޷ʲôֶΣ
Σ
һҧиŭַһ仰ˣһҲǺһһɱ
ַ壬Ϊ֮ѹ˿ĵֵ֮ȫһУҲ϶ܵش
һ֮󣬾֣֮
ԲֳҪˡ
Ԫܽȴ޿κΣսʸûС
̰̫֮⣬ôóһջ̣֮
Բ벻һ֮ȴ˴ûл̣֮սƾһˡ
۳λںޣۺԪνǶ޷ֻ֡Ŀųһȭ䵽ַϡ
֮٣Լڽ飬ַȴûκξŵı飬Ǽ¶һ˿صЦݡ
һֱ֮ҪʱĿвһʱת
ˣ
һ̣еһж·ֹˣʧˡַĿֲı飬Ťгŷ˷ָӵ
ԶԲ𣬻ںޡźһ˿סѡ
ԪŽ֮飬Ŀг˵ǡ
ֱ飬ƺһ̣סˣַֻһˣܹ̹ȻĿһС

ʱתʱ侲ֹˣַʩչʱ򣬶ʱǺ嫵֮ʼء
ͺóȥˮһ˻ȥƵģˮַʱתǰƺͲ
֮أ濪ʼطš˴ѽѷ֣һֱʩչ֮ǰ
һַ̣ڽȴЩظˡȻַʵʱҲĸ͸ˡ
Ҫתôһλ޽ӽǿڣҪܵĸ֮󣬼ֱ
½ֻתһʱ䣬ַ嶼ܾ޴ĸɣͳܲס
ǣǣ浽̡֮һ챦ƺҲֲ̺ܹܿסĹȻͬһ㡣
ҪתıҲҪصĸɡ
ˣַڽ򣬸޷ܡ
꣡
һ統ӱըһ˲ըֻһαըǳ׵ʧΪ촷ۣһ˿Դû£ƺͨĳķʽԴԴϵĹӦʱ
һıַȴƺûκθƵģûκֹͣļƾ粻ϵıը
һʮһٸһǧһ
תÿһɲǵʱ䣬ַڽ򶼻ʮʧʧ֮󣬼ֱ󣬿ַʧһΡ
ַȴڼʱתҪ볹նɱô᲻ۣˣڴս֮Ѿ˳ܾ޴۵׼ˡ
ˣַıٶȣҲ𾪡
һ򡭡
תۼ䣬ַģѾһɲǰˡ
ַ˸߰ġۡʱҲѾת˳ûʩչ̵֮ʱ
ʱ򣬾ַĻᣡ
ն
ַӴ֮һһ㣬ݺһȭ¡ʱٽκμɣҲκαԭʼĹ
Ĺһһ£شһ㣬ºųڽ綼
¡¡
ûκηʩĳ𣬱ַһȭǧ硣
ʧﵽ˾˵һʮ
Ҳǣַʱתʧַͬ幥Ҳܹش
ַÿÿʧһ磬ôͻһǧ磡
ַᶨһһΣݺݵĳųڽ¡
һΡΡΡĴΡ
תۼ䣬ַѾ˾ŴΣŴιַڽҲʧأʧһǧ硣
أ
ַھŴι֮£ڽȻըѣ籩һ㣬ֲ֮ɢ˷ɢ
½ֻನӵſֲ
ನ󣬳ѾʧӰˣ׻Ϊ촷ֻۣʣ˻̻֮ɢӨӨĹԡ
ˣ
ԪĿɿڴһĻʵһʼַʱҲס˺ԪԲ𣬵ֻǸġ
ַͽʱ˳ԼλϡںԪԲȻ͡Ŀá˽˼һĻ
ۼˣַ塰ʱת𼸺˻İӣַһһ£ˡ
ȴһ˿ûС
̣֮Ҳʱת֮£ת˻̳֮ǰһ̡Ҳ˵ַʱת£Ըûʩչ̵֮ĳ
ԭԪôȥʱǿ°
Ԫ£Ŀַ壬ޱȵ𺳡


1388 üޣ
ԲǵӰϢƺࡣַҪնɱҲǺˣҲҪһĴۡ
ַۣܵ
⣬֪ˣαص
Բųʧķ֪ˣͺ𡢹ŵһˡ
֮⣬ľŴϣֻʣˡϴʼˣҲֻԲһ˰ˡ
ȴһλַ壬һλʱ棬ûмޣûƿǰ;ƿ
֮⣬û䣡
ಣ
ԲԪ𣬶̷ɵַߡ
ֳϣû°ɣ
ַҡҡͷû£ֻʧЩʧһǧ硣
ʧһǧ磬ԵʧַɾһʧһΡַȴɾúֵ
նɱõٶʯԼ籾Դеһַ̣֮ãеʧֲĳˡ
̣̺֮ſֲֵܹһֱ֮ǿıų֮ȻҲ䵽ַС
ַһתȴԲһϵľٶ
ԭ֮Բ𡣡
ৣ
ַȻֱһӣ֮ӵԲС
Ԫ۾λҲ۾֮ǰַʱ֡Ͳַ֪նɱĳ
ַȻ֮ԲҲò˼顣ͬʱҲǳ塣
ַʲôԭ򣬵֮ܽȥǾͲһܹġ
Բȴҡҡͷ̾һֳǸ塣ֳ֮ϴӳеõģǾӦֳϵսƷϷ̬ȡʵϣһ֮⣬Ѿ˼㣬л̣֮Σ
ŶԲԲӡ֪Բڵű󣬵֮⻹ĳл̡֮Եֵ𣬺οĳΪҲֻǳ£ξű󣿡
ԪҲ˵԰ֳڣűвҲûнİ취֮¹شҿǰǰĹأ֮ļλϣֱһ̷ֻ̡֮֮ڱ⵱УֻҪʱһȡ̣֮ʱĳλʹãΣ
ͬ⡣
ֱַ˵
Ȼ̵֪֮󣬵ʵõ̵֮һַ̡̣֪֮ˣ֮Ҫضţţֻϴʼ˵ϡ
ϴʼˣֻʣԲǷžֻԲŻᡣַõ˻̣֮ѵҪȥԲóķţ
ο֮ΣַʼնţԼΨһ֮ǿҲվ˵ʱл֮Ҳв
ԺܿܳΪ𣬵ʱ֮ʲô㲻ʱַҲ̡֮
ڻַ̣֮֮⡣
ֳˣãԪԡ
ԲҲĿһַ壬ȻѾַ֪뷨Բ˵Ǻ²
һ֮ǿпܿΪ𣬻ʲôҪַ˾٣൱ڳ׽Լ֮С
ˣδ
ַĿ˳һλϡ
λϺΣһҲȺˡοųҲδǱвԵʡ
ǸųҲѵõǶʯ
Բ𵭵˵λ϶֮ʯλ֮ǰΪҲǱвȰˡֻҪλϻ֮⣬Ǿ֮ϣ
ԲƮƮһ仰ˡϡ
ϾڳֻǸߣǱвߣûз¶ĹԲƮƮĽҹ£Ȼ˸ж¡
лԲĳϣлֳϡ
λҲԲַһ
ַҲû׷ΪߣһҲͲʲôˣοˣҲܱ֮ȶ
֮ȶҪġ
ˣ֮뾡찲ڣλϣµĳᣬȶס֮⡣ֳϣȥޣ֮ǰӦǶһһ֡
ԲҲʼʼȫ桰ƿء֮⡣Ľɫ࣬Ͼµʱ֮ľҲԲƿء
ãҾȥ
ֱַת뿪ˣ֪ԲᵽġʲôԪλֶʯ籾ԴȵԴַС
ַƴƴնɱ𣬲ΪЩ
ţԲᴦһУʧ
Ȼһ£֮˺ܴĶһЩʵ׷ߣһЩҡԲѹȥ
һµʱ䣬ԲͽԪչεĶʯ籾Դͳͳ͵ַǰ
ַֻһͷǾǾΪ
ûзɣȻѾˣַоив٣ƺӽȣʱˡ
֪űвű󣬲Ļв
һű֪֮֮ⱻԲַ峹ƿأűԺ̬ȶԴ֮⣬Ǿͺ˵ˡ
ַ岻òĴ㡣
ҪԿű֮ͱ뵮
ַ֮ߣֻԼΪԼΪ֮⣬ֻΪ£ĺѣΪ
Ϊֻжܿ


1389 ɱ䣬еʱճӣ
ַһҵУԸκ˶ܴ
һαչأַ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡʲô£αչǰƣ֮ٸ֮ΣַڱչؽǰҲ
Ϊַ֪αչأпһΡɱ䡱
УַǰʯѾѻɽˡԲЧʺܸߣٶȺܿ죬ĳŵҲȫ֡
һΣԲĶʯнǧ֮࣬Ʒ˿ϴԲĶʯҪ
֮ԱϴεǧŶʯҪ࣬ΪгԼԪղءԪΪϴʼеλƸ̣ȻԶԶܱġһ˾ǧŶʯ
֮ĵ̣ԶűҪϵö࣬̾жô񣬿ɼһߡѹűҪĻǣҪġա֮⡣Ϊ֮ĵ̣ű۲
֮ȱĲǵ̣ǿߣҲ۷ûжǶʯʯٶ࣬Ҳ޷óԲΪ
ַ岻ֻͬҪ㹻Ķʯôϣߵľ硣ǣԲǽֻǿʼ
Ԫַŵһ뵽֮⣬ʯ֮ȡ֮⻰ȻţʵҲԶԶĳַ
ַ֮⣬μһڶǧŶʯǺεȵĿֲ˵ȡ֮֮
һڿŶʯֱֲ㡣
˶ʯ⣬ԲҲַָǧ籾ԴȻԪλϣ϶ԶԶֹǧ籾Դ
籾ԴҲҪġˣֵַֻ˴ͷǧ籾ԴַҲû⣬籾ԴֻҪüɡ
ǧ籾Դַ㹻һڶ磬Ѿȫˡ
ַĵ̬֪һαչأͼɱ䡱ƿ߶ľ硣
֪ҵɱ䣬ᷢı仯
ַţһǵǣǣֻ䡣Ļֻۣе˽ǲʵɱ䡣
ַĽ򣬱ڽϢϢأԽǿôҲԽǿһΡɱ䡱Ϊʱͻʲô仯
ַʱıƽͷ·һֻоޡ
̣
ַڽУ֮ب֮Уأ֧һ㡣룬ʼ飬һſŵĶʯС
ַҲ籾Դǧݵ籾ԴֱӽڽСͺƻ˲ȼһ㣬籾ԴͶ룬ַڽ˲ҵ
䣡
һſŵӣ׷ױըתΪһ磬ٶ֮죬ֱ˼ַֻǱһʱ٣ڽеٶȣҲþˡ
ʱƣַڵҲԽԽࡣ
ǧһ򡢾ǧ򡢾ǧ򡢾ǧ߰򡢾ǧŰ򡭡
ַ磬Ѿӵ˾ǧŰ磬һڳӣÿһ˲䣬絮ڽڳš
ַ֪ڽ򣬼ӭɱ䡱
һڡ
䣡
ַ磬ͻﵽһڵʱֹͣˣһ̣ܵһжֹͣˡ
ַķ֣򣬶·ӳУͬһžһͨ˲򱶡
ǵģַڽһ򱶣ٶǧ򱶣Ҳ޷Щһ޼ʵδ֪򣬶ڽ򣬶ҪԴԴϵ罫
ˣ
ͬʱַĽ򣬾ȻҲʼ˱仯
ʱڷһַ嶼Դı仯ʵϣַ岢ûʱʱ򣬽ַֻڵǽϢϢء
磬ַ˿ڽַһӱͨû˽Ҳûʱַ޷ʩչʱ侲ֹ޷ٵκʱ
ַս򣬶ֵʱֹϵܸӣȴǳַ岢ûʱ򣬶˽ǽʱַֻǼӵʱ
ˣַڽġɱ䡱ʱҲ˾ҵı仯
ڽϿգԼһ֣ƺ͸޷ֻܸӦġӡʱڡӡвϵı仯š
ʱַȴͷһи¶֮ɫ
⡭ⲻܣʱճӣôʱճӣ
ַ壬ڿʱҲʧɫҲ𺳵Ըӵĵز


1390 ǣ
ַʧɫһ̣ʶ㣬־ᶨ˿Ҳ޷ˡ
ʱճӣǿʱճӰ
ַֻǡӡʱ򣬵ʱʱգкܳܳľ룬˵߲һ塣
ʱղռһĸ
ǧʱղΨһ
ַҲʱ֮ź󣬲ܹµʱճӡֻߣǰȼ磬תʱ䣬ԼҲԿʱճӡ
ʱճӣʵַ嶼޷ƿء
ڣȴ˵ʱճӣڽ֮УȻģƺʱҪɢȴһֱţûʧ
ң࣬ǿƺʱճҲʵһ㡣

ַ۳һɽڽ֮С̲סֵģʱճһץ
ַ֣˲ʹʱճӣͷ·ûʱճһ޷ץסǣַͼɽʱճӣλʱճڵλãȴûκθоͷ·տҲһ
ʱճӣҲԣܵʱ򣬻һʱճӡܸоõȴ޷޷󡣡
ַüͷ
ʱճӣֵ̫죬ﵽһڵʱڽһӷȻųʱճӡ
ʱճӵûã
ַһ⽫еĳӡǣֱͶ뵽ʱճӵС
䣡
ʱճ΢΢һ漴ǸӡǣѾʧˣʧӰ٣ַ嶼޷Ӧ
⡭
ַһ𣬾Щ˼顣Ҫ֪ڽеһУû޷յĵطǴ֮ϵ飬ƿеһ
ֻؽ磬Ҳַƿ֮Уÿһÿһַ֮Уʹֻͨؽ磬ַֻ꣬Ҳ׾ٽҳ
ڣȴһʱճӳڽУȴַƿءʱճӵеӡǣҲʧӰ١
ʱճӣŹȥδҲʱաѵӡǣ뵽ʱճӿµһʱգȥ˹ȥ
ַ岻ֽһߣֱͶ뵽ʱճ֮С
䣡
ʱճ΢΢һ漴ʧӰ١
ת˲䣬ַȴڽеһߣҵǸֻǣǸƺ࣬ϵϢҲǿࡣ
ǸԷ뵽ʱճ֮Уص˹ȥȻɳȻʵǿˣˡ
⡭
ַ𾪣˵ǰӣȷʱճӡ
ַһЩƷʱճӣȴûκӰ죬ͷ·޷ʱճһ
ģַҲʱճӵص㡣
ʱճӣӦֻڽеַ壬Ҳ޷ʱճӡȴܿռʱ΢ӰһʱճӣصȥȥǶ֮࣬ͨʱ΢Ӱһ㡣
ңڽǿ࣬ʱճӾͻԽԽʵְ֣͸ģ
гһգʱճӾͻ᳹׵ֳ
˵гһգַ嶼ܽʱճӣӳյʵ統УǸʱҲζţַʱհء
û뵽Ϊ𣬻ı仯ʱճӰʱյаأ̺ʱճ֮СֻǣҪʱճӣӳʵ統Уõʲôľ磿𣿻ǽ
ַָоʱճӣŽǿΪʱı仯ġַӿƶ
絮һʱճӾʱ£ȻȻģֻؽ֮⣬Ȼڽһ֣λֺܳȻ
պַΪǽһܹʱճӡ
Ŀǰ˵ʱճӣʵַʵûʲôá޷ַʵַֻܹʱʱյİء
ֲʵҲ޶ȡ
Ҫʵǵô֡
ַﵽһַ֮ҲʽΪ˶о޾ԶԶ֮ǰҪǿöࡣ
ٶϳ𣬾㲻ʱ¶Էлַ̣֮Ҳаգ׺
֮Ҳ޵УǺ֮ҲֵֻܵסĹѣʱ䳤ˣ֮Ҳ޷ֵ
ˣôУҪΪ
ֻǣûгΪǶʯûеõַȴһΪ˶
ﵽһڸַҲ˶𣬵Ⲣûн෴Ÿոտʼˡ
ַڵĻ֮ڡһһ磬ַ磬ҲѸٵţƺûмޡ


1391 
ɣаɣɣûκáҺǵı飬ܰ
һӴ磬鶼˻ֻ޼£Ӵħǰûκá
ˣʱҲˣ̣
ħһţ͵ġ籾Դ籾ԴɣħԼһȦΣֻǿŲʵ
һ磬׷ױħţħħȻﵽǧأһǿһħ
Ҳ֪˶ãڣħ۳˵ǧħħҲֹͣ˼籾Դ
ǧħλø˭뵽ҵʧôأȴ뵽һӴĽСңУȻһħƿߴսĽ˴籾Դ
籾ԴԼ籾Դȫָ۷ʵһħǳǧأߣַ壬˵һѾǧħϵʱأһҪõ
ħȻǵַǰߵ𡣵ַشֻʣħ
¼ǧָܻ
Ҳ֪ڤڤˣǻԵˣȻһѸٻָʵһ۳ǧħ
ʵҪȥַ塰ˡϾҵľַ壬ңҲַϵʱء
ಣ
һȻҲʼռ䴩ˡһһľ룬ɲеĻһ˲ʹһľ롣
ңڽȵĿռдҲôסҪܵһЩĸţ磬ûпռ䣬δ
ȴ޼ɵġ󡱣ЩӰ졣
ǲһЩҶԿռֻһƤë̸ϡռ̶֮ҵİܴûпռ̣֮һƤë޷⡣ռǿ󰡣տռ򣬿Сǧ磬ȥãûκεطܹסҡ
ԺҲгһգܹռǰһƤëⲻˡҲΣԸַʱƲѣʹ˿ռ̡֮
û뵽ײʹ˿ռ̵֮Ŀռ䴩󣬶ڿռһ˿⡣ӶԽпռ䴩ˡ
´벢̫ԶѾǳˣ٣Ѿ˵һܹռټСǧ磬ͿĴȥΣȥﶼֻһ˲¡ҲٻηʲôҲʲôطܹס
ɶ籾ԴУǶ𣬿Ҳκá
ҲҪ볹ռжôѡ֮ǰʹ˼οռ̣֮ûʲôҲΣĻۣһЩ仯ܹһЩƤë
Ȼ޷ռ򣬵ֳַϵʱءһʱأʱ򣬿ռʱ򣬶ƤëҲ֪ᷢʲôı仯
ܿ죬һδεĴѾ´޶̵Χ֮ڡ
΢һ˽⣬ȴ֣޶̾ȻˣĿǰ޶ѾҷҲűΧ
űҲһ
޶̾Ȼˣ޶̽Ҳʧ٣ôȥѰַ壿
üͷʵں޶̰ܲܣûйϵֻǮְˡ
ȻǮû֣ҲѾˣʧôأǹǮƲ¡޶̱űܣòԭ
һжѾǹȥˣ𲢲ȥֻǣ޶̱űܣ޶ҲʧˣôһˣҪһλƿߣǷǳѡ
޶̣ǻƾ޶̵ȥѰҡڣֻܿԼˡ
ַ壬˵Ҳһʲôţ
üͷţŬѰż䡣ǰûַ̫壬ַֻ֪űС
һЩ˽⣬˽Ĳ͸ǳεľ棬ĵ緢Ļ׼𡱣ȴˡҲ֪
ڻˣôַ帴𣿻˵Ҳõַϵʱأ
ȻԴһϤ
һ͵̧ͷһϤӰĿȴЩɻ
޶ȻűΧ֮ڣǴ󵨰
ϺɣʵϻѾǰ޶ɲǰӴĻ
һλĶħ


1392 ޶֣
裬ƱôɡȻпռ̣֮ǶħҪɱܣҲܴߡ
ռ֮һξһΣ򲻵ѣ𶼲ʹá
޶һۣƺͲ⣬ɫŻڵ㻹û籾Դɣٺ٣ǿ籾Դһʧؾܵ˵ġ
ţ޶ҵȷʧأڲŻָѵ籾Դʧⲻ𣡲ҪҲûôס
һҲʾ֮ټΪڶħǰҲ
֪һЩֶΣħҲκ㲻á㲻ãͿ֮˰ɣ籾ԴƤһʧġǣٺһΡ
ţҪʲô
Щ죬û뵽޶ȻҪٺһΣǰ¸ˡ
ε£ѵ̫Σգ
ƺǣ޶ҡҡͷҪȥʲôΣյ£෴ǻ֪λַ帴˳õַϵʱذɣ
Ҳ÷ϣһֱѾ˵ĿġҲַ壬û˱Ϣַﶼ̸֪θ𣿡
ĬԺ˸ͷŻڵµĶԣҪʲôϵѵҲǹַģ
ַ壡ٺһΣΪĹϵҲܴ󶯸ɸ꣬űĶһһʱҵҡˣҪȥץסַ壬ϵʱء˺֮һʹԴϲΣ
ϸ룬ƺôռ˱ˡαҪԸַ壬ûַϢ
ڻ޶õַȷϢ
Ҳ֪޶ûôġ޶ɺֻ֣ܳǱϵɣһһЩεı
ץסַ޶һҪնɱ𣬶ַϵʱˡ
޶ʲôıߴ㣬Լšһץסַ壬̾ͼռ֮뿪
ʹ޶ı㣬Σ
뵽˵ͷãֻҪַλãԼ鱨һʧ֣
Ȼ𡣡
޶¶һ˿΢Ц漴˵ַ壬ѾűˣҲûлˣǼ֮⣬Ϊ֮ϡ
֮⣿
Щ죬Ҳ˵֮⣬ƺһʮֵ͵ʮֹϵƿ
֮⡣֮ңַõ˴ԴڱչУǵʱ
޶ջƵ˵ƺָ֮ơ
Ҳ˵Ҽǵ֮һϵƿ񡣾ûжһ϶١ȥԸַ壬֮ڵһ𣬿ҲӦˡ
޶ƺ֪дһʣЦ˵ģ֮ң󲿷һ𶼱֮ĶҵУˣѵãʱ֣Ҳһ֡Ȼʱޣ̵ʱһٳɹĻҲ뵽鷳С
ǽأ
űĶ𣬲棬Ļһ֣ҪٵľͲһˣű֮⣬Ҳ֡
˵ͷʱˡȻ޶Ƕħ𣬵ڱ߱ţҲӲˣʵѡ
ַľλá
޶ֱӸһŽͼעַľλá
һ˿â²˳٣ǰ֮⡣
ಣ
ٴʧˡ
޶ʧķǼ佥¶һ˿Цݡ
ٺ٣ˣЩСʱصջ֮£ֵܵס֪ҲһЩأǵ𶼲塣ַ壬ǿɾͲһˡҲգȥ̽̽·ڵַ壬öԸ
޶Ȼַַ֪նɱ֪ǿ޽ӽڶǵǿڣȴַУɲ޶ɵ
ˣһͬܵȥ̽̽·ٺòˡ˵һ˫һá
һЩС˼С޶ϡֻҪַϵʱ֮ģô޷ĵ̰һַ嶯֡
һ֣˭˭Ӯ޶Ļᡣ
һ޶ħսթϷҲǼʶˡ
Ȼдһİصȡ


1393 һǧ磡
УһߣɢƿߵϢħ޶ȴ˾ռߣ⡣
޶۾΢΢һУЦ˵սթҵħȴǲƿˣƿߣһòȻʵȴһӻˮٺ٣ƿеĶ𣬾ȻħͷԸһλƿߡ֪˭սթ
޶кǲмǰߣȻ˲֪೤ʱ䣬µű߱
˿ûһ㡰Сļ󣬷ǡѡһ̸Ц޶ڿ࣬߱ƺҲ⣬˵޶ôȥΪ̽·ɱˣϷֻҪһ㣬ƻ֮⣬ϷҪ֮⣬ֻҪַ壬Ǿһжðˡ
߱ȻѾ֪֮Ĵ䶯
Ȼˣַնɱˡ
Ϣʵ̫𺳣㤡߱ϸ˽󣬱ʵַ֪ܣΣ
Ҫ֮⣡ַ壬վĶ棬ôҪ뷽跨ַ塣
߱ƿ߿αôַ壬ȴֱӳ棬ñ㣬ǽ赶ɱ˰
޶ЦһҲ߱Ŀġ
޶޶ѾҷˡõַϵܣȻɵȥ취Ϸųѣ㴴ᣬ㲻ӦøлϷô䳰ȷõַ壬Ϸõ֮⣬ⲻ˫Ӯ𣿡
ǰ˫Ӯ߱𣬱Ϊ֪Щʲôٺ٣ȱַ壬ħնɱժӣ벶ȸں󣬿ʹ⡣
߱۾΢΢һУͷ·һһЦ˵޶ˣöħ˭նɱ㣿ѵԼʵţϷնɱ㣿
ߣ㵱Ȼɱ˱ֻˣҪ
˵꣬޶ֱӾתȥҲ֮ķȥ
޶ʧıӰ߱ϵЦݽʧɫһâ
ٺ٣޶㻹޷Լ̰Ϸɱ㣬űͨĶأٺ٣ַ֮ʱڣ
߱ıôʱ䣬͵޶Ϲ޶߱ǲġ
жٲֻۣҪ޶̰һ֡ʱ߱аգűնɱ޶ɡħ׳١
ʱűҪܡ֮⣬Ҫˡ
һһ˭ǻȸ

ַ֮Уͷһ磬Щ磬ſֲѹ·һ˿ϢϢ
һڸ磡
Ƕı׼ֻǿʼ
ַһΣõǧŶʯǧŶʯԡǧ磡
ǺεȵĿֲ
ǧ簡Ȼ⻹ΪЩʯƷĸߣĻһ㶨ʯǧţҲͽֻܳǧҡ
ַһγǧ硣
ԭַҲоǧ磬Ϊսˣʧأʧһǧ磬ֻʣ˰ǧ硣
ֵõǧŶʯһַڽ򣬺Ȼﵽһǧս
ѾԶһĶˡ
ȻͬǶ𣬵ʵϣܴܴ󡣱磬ʵֻһڸҡ΢ʱ䳤һЩֻǧ硣
߱𣬻޶ʵʵࡣ߱Ҳֻһǧ磬޶Ҳһǧħ
ԭһǧħʵҪ߱ǿһЩһǧħ٣Ҳֻʣһǧħ
߱޶˿ַҲԶԶ硣
һǧ磬ϣѾλƵĶǴ֮ϣַĿֲֻ֮Ҫ㹻Ķʯ籾Դͼûмޣú̵ܶʱ䣬Ѹٵʵ
Ȼַô죬ǵ֮ĻۣΪ֮ĵ񣬲ַܹṩôԴ
ַһˣͲľ֮ĻۡҲűĻҪõ֮ԭ
ȵ̣űҪֲڣ̣֮ȴַһգַһǧĿֲʵ
һַ弸Ѿ޿ɽڶʱڣ޷ˡǣֽĿڽУѾʵʱճϡ


1394 𡰸
ַĿ⼯ڽеʱճϡոճΪոһڸʱİ͸֡
ڵʱճѾʵˣɺبڽУƺȻ⡣ڽźϵַ޷ơ
ֻؽҲãǻ֮Ҳգƺӡʱճӡ
ַȴʱճӣ֪Ҫ뽫ʱ򣬳ɱʱգһḶ́ʱճӵĳ֣ʵṩôһܡ
ҲҵﵽʱʱճӻӵʵĳЩ仯
ַѾףʱճڽϢϢءʱľַֻ޷ʱ޷ʱհأͳͳûйϵ
ڽˣʱճӺʱ򣬶ڽĸƷڽǼʱԼʱճӡ
ֻҪȥһ죬ܳ׶Ϥʱճӵİء
ǣַޣһڵĽϤһڱ

֮Ľڣһ֮ϢĽ١
ϸ֮⣬֣֮ȷܣ˿ռһƤëܹռ䡣ÿռڸϢ˷ˡ
ռ򣬼ֻһƤëҲ٣ٵ֮Ľڣûб˷֡
޶ĻţǵԼ
ɲ޶Ƭ֮ʡǣץһλƿߣֻͨƿߣѯʵ
ֻһͨƿߣ֪̫֮ȷһλϣǺ
٣Ūˣַȷ֮ڣңַľλҲŪˣ֮ڲʲôܡ
֮ϣҪӵǧ磬ܹΪ֮ϡҲ˵ַʵǧ磡Ҳ뵱ʵַҲһǧ磬һսʧأû뵽ôͻָˣȫгΪ֮ϵĿܡ
ٵķţã޶ûƭַȷ֮⣬ҲȷΪϡ
ɲģ½ץ˼ƿߣһ⣬ͳͳͨƿߡϾǵλ̫ߵƿߣܾͻ֮ע⣬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
ͨЩͨƿߵѯʣҲļᶨ֮ǰĿַһǧʵ
ϾЩͨƿߣôַ֪նɱԪأԪ֮֮ĸ߲㣬ûϸ͸¶Ϊ˱֮Ķ
֪ʵԭģ߾̵ģһЩ֮ĸ߲ˣ²ϣҲǵĸ֪ľ
ˣֻܵõһЩͨ鱨Щͨ鱨Ҳòˡ
Ŷ̶ַ̼꣬ʲô̶ȣ
ַָܹ۷ʱ̣ѾǳˡأΪָʵһǧħ
ټпռ̣֮ȫַʱֻҪܹһնɱַ壬ַʹʱĻᶼûС
ߣַ壬ο㻹ʲô취
Цһ漴Ҳԥֱһռ䣬ַڵ紩ȥ
ˣ
֮Уһ
ǰһ磬磬ַλ֮ϵסˡÿһλϣеסһ㶼һ硣
ַճΪ֮ⳤϲãԼİҲ˵УĿǰ֮⣬ΪʵϵķûС
ҲһЩͨƿߣ⣿
һɨܿͲַ١
ٺ٣ڱչأ
Ҳԥһֳħ
ǧħҲɢſֲƣ˲ס硣ڵЩͨƿߣһӾ̶ͬһ㣬粽У˿Ҳá
ַ壬
ͬǴһץֱӳַչصĵطݺץȡҪַһץС
ΪȷһʧԼԤַʱǶһĿռֻ˿ռһƤëƤëҲܶɻԵĴ
Ըַʱ
Ȼǰǰַı׼ڣҲַܹ١ôҲ϶ǧħ
һΣҪĸһѩǰܣ
ֳϵɣ
һħǧħȴҶֳ϶֣ħɵ˰ɣ
ٺ٣һͶħǱ֮⣬ȴֳ϶֣벻ͨ
ôĶȻ̾ͱϸӦˡԲǺԪ𣬶¶Ź֮ɫûеһʱϹ
Ժеһʱ䶼ǾãħǲӶ·ˣ
Ǳ֮⣬ȴַ嶯֣ңֻǧħĪʵʵϲǧħħ
ô룬һǧħħǱ֮ڣ֮ǲӲ
ǣһĶѸٵĳַڵȥ


1395 裡
䣡
ֻûץַ壬һɿֲ˲֣һ
ǰȥǰ治ԶһϤӰվ
ַ壡
ЦһȻַ壬ԷȻ
𣿡
ַ忴ЩŹ֡ƺôòԾصҪ
ȷ
ַѾ֪ĳЩռܹռһֱҪֻãã˺ҪҵҲףˣһֱҲͽ¸
ֻǣַǧ㣬ȴ㲻ȻͶӶ·ˣ
ַƺܡ𾪡ģԵãЦһַ壬벻ɣѾܳʱˡһΣʧأҺã࣬ˣʵһӵǧħһΣ˭ҲȲ㣬㻹ôӣ
ǣʩչħһȦһȦĺɫΣƺƵ˷ɢȥ
ƽĶۣȷǿǧħ֮еȵһЩˡ
֮ϣҲ˶ǧϵġ
ֻǣĻôȴַֻĸо
ȷҸģûе飿
飿Ȼˣ㲻ǳΪ֮ϰˡôҪȣ
Ļ£ȻԶһӰ
Բ𡢺ԪԼϣȻͳͳϵˡ
ţЩ֮ĳϣ
һֻǱϻ򶨡һһӦЩϵϢԽǸӦоԽǸеľ
𣬾Ȼǧң˿ںԪϢҪǿһЩ
Բ𣬸ǻͻͬհ㣬ǹϢֱģľսԲһֱû˿̲סʩչռ䴩ˡ
ֱ޶ˣˣ˵ûôЩô͸ˣҺãǶûжֻ֣Ҫٶȹ죬ַܣټռ̣֮ǿҲ׷ҡôЦһ˿ҲûжֵĴ㡭
ͷ
Բ𡢺Ԫλһ㶯ֵĴ㶼ûСһǿϡһ¶һ˿Ź֡ӵɫ
¶һЩϷʵı飬ѵЩ˺ַ岻ͣĿַ鷳
ôЩ˵Ŀ⣬ڿ
һʱ䣬顣޴ħ෴թն˿ҲоƺﲻԾ̫Źˡ
жôĲȻѾһͲܰ;ϡ
ַ壬ɣ
ԥ׼սپǧħȫھҵšһԴһǿһ
Ѿ׼˿ռ򣬶ַʱиšһַʹʱ򣬿¸޷ֹĹ
ٺ٣ʲôֶΣһΣˣ
ڷˣһ˿֮ɫһѾ˺ܾãַܣֱܴ衣
һֱݷһֱڻгһܹѩޡۿַǰ֧ţȴһƸץס
ָо̫ˡ
Ĵ֣Ҫĵַʱַ嶯ˡ
ֻһָͷָһ
أ
оһǧħ۳ĿֲȻַһָͷ׻⡣
ǻ⣬ǻȫܡ
ͬʱַͷһ磬ֲϢͬɽХһϯ
䣡
һ̣ͷ·Ϣһ㣬۾·𲻸šַϵϢȻ޶ѷɫ֣ǱŸӿֲ
ͷ·һ򾣬һӱĸı䣬ʵ̫̫ˣԽܣ·һλһ㡣
أ
ֱַһָ񣬴ݺݵİʱѹƭˣ޶ƭˡ
ǰַ壬ﻹǰһǷѾǶ˰
Ȼַ֪γΪ˶𣬵ɿֲĵȷȷǶ
޶ƭҡ
һҽУǧħգۼͱַһָͷѹ촷ֻۣʣħ
漴һɽ֮ϡַûɱ֪ħأɱ𣬶ԷҲпħи
ˣסõѡ
ӣӣһҪӣռ̣֮󣡡
ʱףΪʲôԶļλûж֣лϷʵı顣
ǲڿַЦڿЦ
ǵУǸСǸ档ʲô֪裬ʹ
ô裬ףŲлᡣ
ˣԥһʱͷ˿ռ̣֮ʱһɿռ֮ס𣬾ҪֱӴռ䣬֮زز


1396 ɣ޶
ţһֹԼǿռ򣡡
ַܵϵ̾˳һΣߣǿռ
һʱ䣬ַһâ
ûʩչʱΪ֪ʱռҲһáһΣʩչʱҲˡ
ַ׼˵Ҳɺϡ
̣֮
ַһУ̳֮С
̣֮ԭַ彻Բ𡣺飬̻֮λϹͬСÿһλϣһʱ䣬û֮֮ڡ
һƿػ̵֮ѡͶΪַ塣
ˣַٿƿػ֮ʱ䡣ԲҲ̵֮һЩַţֱڸ˼λϡ
޷ÿһλϷӳ̵֮ȫܣֻܷӳ߰˷ֵܡȴܹžһĵ̡֮
Ҳбףַ岢⣬½ֻܷӳ̵֮߰˷ܣ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
ǣҪ̵֮ķҪ֮̽ռֶΡ

Ż̻֮Ϊһ⣬˲ס
ʱ͸оĿռ򣬺һӱÿпռ̵֮ϵҲôˡ
˿̣޷ʩչռ̣֮˵ռ֮޷мһ㵭Ĺâǻ̵֮Ĺâ׸ռ̡֮

һΣĿֻˡڷַǶʱҲ𾪡ޣûпֻš
Ϊ֪пռ̣֮ĵҲ˲ߡ
ڣֻˣռ֮޷Ҳ˵޷ÿռ֮ߡ޷ߣҪַôһֲĶ³֪
أ
ַһץһͱ뱬ʣ¼صħεֵ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
һĨַǰ
챦ô
ַһץס⣬һԲ̣ɢŵĹâԼһ˿˿صĹ򸲸Բ֮ϡ
ַһֱɣһӵпռ챦˲ܹռ䣬ַʱκβá
ڣַŪˣǰԲ̣Ѿ䵽ַС
ռ򰡣ʱһͬصĹ֮һ
Ǵջַϲǲеģȴôһ̺ռ챦ַܲϲ
Ҫռеʱ䣬ȴڡֱַӽռ֮ӽڽУƱ棬漴̧ͷеĳ򣬱˫֣鵭Ȼ˵ɣǰ̽·ֻˣ޶
Բ̾ͽ
ǸܻѵڱıһУ
ַĻ£УȻһ˿˿һɿֲϢͬ籩һ㣬˲䱬
ַ壬ôߡֻǣȴҲû̽ʵǵб
䣡
Ż£˶ޱ𾪡
ǿ˴Զһһأ޴Ŀֲħһ۶ͷɢſֲϢ
֮ǿֲ߳ħǰƺҲС׼ףᲢۡ
ǹɿֲħѹסеƿԲڶѡ
ʱежˣǰħǺεȵĿֲ
ħһǶħ
ֻжħ𣬲˿ֲϢƾϢѹһ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼжħ֡
ԲʹܵģȴҲַܰ塣
ڣ֪֮ҲһλǴڶûˣҲһλǴڣַ壡
ৣ
ַĿ޴̫ϤˣϢģ̫Ϥˡ
޶
ַţһâǰһֱ޶֮һֱھ衣
û뵽޶վˡֻǣԱ޶ƭˣǰ̽·ȴַնħ޷֮ա
ԣǱû뵽̶ʱգȻֵزǲ˼顣ûпѾǶ˰ɣ
޶Ʊɣʵȴܾ裬ǳļɵ
ΪڸղţڰйۿַսȻûַܿǳⲻ޶ǳļɵ
κһλǿߣӦñС޶ַǸոճΪ𣬵ַĪʱ֮ս¹˭֣Ԥϡ
޶ôֲġ
ʱذڸӼţĪʱأַڶ̶̵ʱڣͻͽһͻƣΪ˶
޶ʱأǲܹһΪħǵ֮ϵħ֮Ҳǲܡ
ˣΪʱأһΣգȥһ


1397 ս޶
ַ壬һӵˣӵ±޶̱űܣסһΣˣˣ֮Ϊᣡ
޶ֺ޴󣬺ƺƵ˷ƺҲɵַϢӵֶΡ
ٵΪֹ޶Ҳûʮİգַֹܹߡвİ취֮Ҳˣв֮ᣬַһһ˿ǡ
һ˿ǣ޶õĻᡣΪʱأ޶ҲǷѾ˼ʵǰ̽·ȷ档ȻǴĻǵв
öħ𣬺ʱķ
ǰַ壬Լַϵܣȴ޶òķ
֮᣿Ҳÿû£Ը޶һΣĳˣ
ַ䣬޶ֱ֮ͬңһֱڰСײǼֱʱҪ
ϾԷҲһλħ𣬶ַкܴв
䣡
޶ˣٴͣһȦȦĺɫΣ飬صĸ֮ϡ
ȻħѾһأﵽһǧء⻹޶ʧһǧħԵʡĻ޶ʵʹﵽһǧħ
ˣʧǧص޶ǿֲĶħӵ޵еħɢħûпƣ޼ɵɢȥԶԶԲ𡢺Ԫ˶Գܣ׷ȥ
Ƕħôǿֲ
ħԳܣ׿̣֮֮ȫʢʱڣҲԵֵħ𡣡
ֳ֪ϣܷ񿹺޶
Բ𡢺ԪϣжЩǡ޶ֵ̫ǿˣ֮ȫʢʱڣҲ޷ֵֻ֮ǿ⣬ǳڴ˿̵޶ǰҲС׼ףֵһᡣ
ûгΪǴڣԶҲ޷Ǵڵǿ
޶ʩչħһǧؿֲħħŤһС
ַ壬ǰʱ򣬿¶ûκá
Ȼȿֲħʱ侲ֹ
ڣַѽȣʵǿԱȵһǧҵ磬ַʵʮϣ
䣡
һַ̣Ҳûκι˼ɣѹڽһ磬飬ַͷ
ֲ磬ŽҲʱ޼ɵĳ˷ɢȥֹֹһжͳͳֹ
ַĽ֮ͳͳֹʵַ޶֮䣬뻹ǺԶ˫ħǽ򣬶׵Ŀξ롣
˵ħԼĽţûκ⡣ȫʤħһӴ򣬾˲侲ֹʴ
ңַĽڷٵɢţֻ޶ħһЩˡ
ȻҲΪַûȫ߶Ҳ⶯ý
޶ַĵһλǿߣҲǵһλ֮սĶǴڡַҲ뿴ڴжǿˣ
ǣַ۳ڽһȭ͵ĳ޶ȥ
䣡
ǣһȫַ˿̵磬εȿֲһǧ磬ֲͬһ㣬˲䱬
޶ԭ޼ɵ緢ı飬ȴһסˡ۾͵Ķַ壬·𲻸Ƶġ
ܵˣַһȭ̺ĿֲǣʣַѾΪ˶һȭԽ޶
ôܣ
޶ţ̫˼ˣʱأҲַڶ̶̵ʱڣﵽ˿ֲĵز
Ȼ޶ַ֪ʵ϶ԶҲһǧϡʵϣַһǧ
أ
޶ٳǿȫ˻ħҲַ̬ȫĵֵַһȭ
ֻǣһǧ֮ô׵ֵģ
޶Ѿȫֵǧħֲ࣬Ȼ̸ʵĲ࣬Ҳ̫̫ˣ޷ֲ
ˣһ֮£޶һ
꣡
޶ħУһ졣ͷ·һ㣬޶ȴǲ飬ħ𣬻Ϊ촷ۡ

һȭ޶ħͬɳһ㣬˲ħ˲仯ΪС
⻹ֻһȭ޶ȫĻַһȭпܻ޶һǧħϡ


1398 նǵ
ܣôô󣿡
޶ֱԼ۾ϵıѿʱַУһֻСӣǿ١
أ
ͷ·һӱ˴󣬷ڽŵ£޶
Ĵ߶ħеħֻǣȴ޷ֵסַһȭֻǿʼˡ
ʹ죡޶ٽһȭ
ַеޱȵĳ죬Ϊ󣬾ͼûжùȫûС
ڣַ޼ɵȫʩչԼһǧֱֲ㡣޶ѾŬĵֵˣַ弸ȭҵͷۻħٱ
ʲôôһСʱ䣬ʧǧħ
޶ĿɿڴĿַ壬ֱԼ۾ǿǧħ߱ôʱ䣬˫ɱûκε˶Է޶ҲֻǵƻʧܣΪҪ߱𣬱ǰԸַ壬ˣʧǧħķˡ
ʵϣ߱ս޶ûʲôʧġ
ڣոַսһСʱ䣬ʧǧħʧ̫ˡ޶û׼ʧôء
ʱ޶ЩʧˣôʧȥҪƶǵľ硣һƶǾ磬Ƕħַ壬ʲôʤ㣿
ӣӣַѳɣУ
޶ֱľսһ̣ûʲô̰뷨ֻһͷӣӵԽԶԽá
òʱأ޶Ҳöħ۰һʧ޶̣޶ʵҲû̫ʹģԺٽһˡ
ֻҪǶǵôܶɽ𣬾
ǵ˶Ǿ磬ֻһǵʲôʸ۰һʲôʸɽ
޶ľսĸоƺǼȥп䡣
䣬޶˵ǶôİңԶʣζ벻гһջ䣬ַС
ôһף޶Ϊ֮
ħݷ
ʱ޶ֱϧһдۡʩչ˴Ĵħݷ׼ߡ
ͨħʩչħݷ֮ززοǶħ޶ַɱ𣬶˳׼޶ߡ
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ַ˻̣֮һ֮⣬ס޶޶ʩչħݷ֮һסһ𣬾Ȼá
޶Ƕ֮ȣᲢۡħȫһ̾ѳ˻̵֮Ľ
ȻַҲûָܹ֮ס޶Ȼֵ̺֮ܵĹҲǶǲΡҪǷʹýԶԶˡοַֻܷӳ̵֮߰˳ܡ
֮ҲӰһ޶ʱĵ飬ַɱѾˡ
ʱ侲ֹ
Ը޶ַͲҪʱתֻҪʩչʱ侲ֹˡ
ˣ
ԭ޶Ѿ˻̵֮ħݷҲ˿ֲҪ׶ߡһضĹ٣ʱһоͶֹˡ
ʱ侲ַֹԲˬûʲôܹ赲סʱ򣬳˵Ŀռ̣֮ԼַҪֹĿַ꣬ǿ̫̫ࡣ
統ַ廹ֻһǧ磬Ǹʱʱ侲ֹһλǴڣǸǳ롣
һ˲ĸ뷴ɣַڽַͳеôصĸɡ
ڣַѾȡ
ʱѾǿַ࣬ڽҲѾչһǧ磬ʮ
ˣ˿ַڽܳܵĸɣѾܴܴˣ˵ʱ侲ֹ޶ˣʱת޶Ҳʲô
޶ʱ侲ַֹҲֱӵȫڽһǧ֮߰ͳͳ۵һ
䣡
ͬʯ׹أײһֲ޼ɵ˷Ӷȥַһ˲޶ʧǧħ
ûκηַ޶֮ϣȻڵĽ
ʧǧħԺ޶Ѿ˾磬Ӷħ𣬱һħ
ֻǣ̵һ˿ܶûС
أ
ַһȭһȭ͵£޶ħͬѩڻһ˲һȦȦĺɫΣգۼɢΪ촷ۡ
һħֱӱַȻ֮һڽУתΪ籾Դ
޶ħǵÿһħǶ籾Դ۶ɡתʵһЩַҲܵõ籾Դ
ַ弸ȭȥ޶ټħѾױˣֻʣħպһǵ𣬶һǵ
ַջʱ侲ֹ޶ҲԼġ³ɫ¶ʧǵ飬૵û뵽ݺأȴСҲ⣬֮鷳Ÿոտʼַ壬ִ֮⣬ǾҪ޾鷳
أ
޶Ҳַ嶯ֱ֣ӾԱΪҽ
Ȼ޶Ҳûĳصħиֻǣ޶ʲô
ַ廹ûмħնħ󣬻ܶɽģûУһûУ
ָֻƽĿһսǣȴһ񣬴Ҳҳ
ʵ̫ˣһλħ𰡣ȻҲַ峹նħ൱նɱˣ
һλħ𣬾ôַУǵĳֱǰδС
ִֻ֮鷳Ŀʼ
ַ廹ڻζ޶ǰĻ
̧ͷԶǸűķַ²⣬֮鷳ϵģֻűˡ


1399 ߱ʧ㣡
ű󣬴֮С
߱ǰһ޴ľӣɢŵİ׹⡣һЩ棬Ȼַ޶֮ս
߱ųơ߱ȻǿѨ硣澵Ӿ߼֮һΪԪ֪Զ£һһʮĳھ֮Уᱻ˲
ȻʹԪһЩ߱޶ϣһЩֽţˣ޶ӵԶԿ޶һһ
ڣžĻ棬һӱһƬ߱ɫͺ
޶Ȼˣ߱δģʹҲκβ޶ԭ뿴޶ַܾ֮ˣܴͨ򿪣ʱ޶ַ壬·һ
ڣ޶ˣʹ߱ļƻ
ǣַչֳʵ߱ľڼǰַֻһǧ磬أն޶ַȻԾ˶ǲΣڶУߡ
һǧ磡߱Ҳһ
ַ壬ϵܲСʱأȻʱأ
߱ޱȵĻȡǰַ֪ܣô⡣һһжİأ
۱߱ÿһﶼ˫
ֶΣ߱ǧ磬ֶμֱĪ⣬ʲôܴ߱
ˣ޶֮ǰַжôԣ߱ΪȻԽӼַһ棬ûжַ֡
Ϊĵĸ߰ûнַϵܵɶ¡
ֻǣȴƿء˵ʵ̫ˣַȻնɱ֮ĳ߱ǰ֮Ĳ֣ͳͳʧȥá
ԭ߱Ѿܹ֮⣬Ǵһң̣֮߱Ҳ۲
ԭһȴַˡ
ʱ߱ſʼעַ壬޶ǰ֮⣬ȥַ鷳
ֻǣû뵽ַָһġϲȻ޶նɱˣôĳɳٶȣ߱𶼾÷˼
߱ʧˣ
ң߱־ϲǣַ֪ϵܣȻǴ˵еʱءǿյİء
ʱذܵõ
߱ɫò̵ģϾʱأעܡʵܹǸУ߱ã󲻵ò̵Ĵ㡣
òϣַѾ֮ϣٶıƣʵûκáҪõַϵܣǵÿǿʵѹ
ԾԵʵѹַ壬пܵõַϵܡ
ֻܵȽͨͨˡʱ򣬽¶λδַֽܻ񣬱ʳʱء
߱˸һ˿âõϢǧĳλѾҪ´򿪽ͨˣٵʱ䣬쵽ˣ

ֳϡ
ԲԪϣ׷׷˹ѯַղַ޶֮ĴսǱ˵ˣǸһۿܡ΢һನͿΣյС
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ַҡҡͷڻջĿ⡣
ֳϣղλħ𣬾޶̽ɣ˵޶̱űܺʧˡűһֱѰ޶ټôȴ޶֮⣿
Բüͷƺ˼⡣
ַ۾΢΢һУЦһܼ򵥣֮ˡֻǣû뵽ĳѾȣԶնɱʱҪǿöࡣˣʧˣ
ţֳϣ˵ű󣿡
ԲƺҲ뵽ʲôɫ͵һ䡣
ַûлش𣬵ȴĬˡ޶Ϣűеλ֮⣬
ο·űһֱƽƺûκζڿűûжһ춯صĶ
ֻǣһжַˡ
֪䣬֮Ѿ׵ߵűĶ档
ֳϣű󣬻᲻ٳ֣
ԲҲЩɡ
ַ۾΢΢һУʵ֪űһٳ֡ƺ΢űһֱûߵ̨Ҳ˵űһֱûֱӳ֡
ַö֮Ķ֣űڡ
űУʲôַ廹һЩɵġϾǴǧ罵ٵĪֶΡ
򲻵ѣǲűͻεºűеλӦ֪ҵʵػᰲһʱ䡣ʱ䣬ϢĻᡣʵΨһİ취
ַ˾ԲԪҲ˵ͷʾͬ
ֳϣҪʵҪĶʯһطȤ
ԲһԺһ⣬Ȼ˵


1400 
ʲôط
ַ忴Բ𣬶Է϶޵ķʸǶַԶʯ
ԪƺҲعˣ˵Բѵ˵Ǹط
ȻԪҲ֪
ԣǸطǲȥֳϿɲһ
˾ͺڴһַһͷûСҲûż֪Բ϶һһʮĸ
ֳϣ֪ʯγɵģ
ԲȻʵ
ʯγɣ
ַ΢΢һ㶣һ˵Ҳоһʱ䣬ҵƲ⣬ʯӦǽ֮УһЩʣϽضĻ֮γɡһŶʯʱҲγһ硣
ҲַƲ⡣
ֳ˽ĺʵϣһ˵ʯһЩγʱܵһЩԭĸţӶûγ磬γ˶ʯ֮һŶʯĵۺһ֮²γɡбǽ򣡡
ַ˵ͷԲȻҲƲ⣬ʶ㣬ⷽ棬ַȲԲġ
֮һֱڿһЩδ֪ʵطǳļʱ򼸰ꡢǧʱ⣬һǰ֮̽δ֪һصĽţô˵أǴؽѾˣȴŴĹ򣬲һֹ򣬶ǴĹһ𣬷ǳĻҡ
Щǿ󣬼ǳ𣬿Ẓ֮̇Ҳֻܽȥ̽һ㡣̽һ㣬ȴ˴ĶʯƲ⣬Ӧòһ򣬶Ǻܶӹ֪жôĺ嫡ңŸָĹЩƽĹĳЩԼЩƿߵĽˣҶɣƬһƬսǿƿߣǶϵƿߣйս
һƬս
ַǰһ
ϵǿߣʵѼ֡˵ಫˣڸԲ˵Ƭж䣬ͷǱѰ
ԣǹսж䡣ˣĽһҲγĻпܵ˴ĶʯǶƬ򣬵̽һ֣Ƭս˶ʯ⣬ûʲôмֵĶ֮⣬ʱôȱٶʯˣҲû⣬Ļķʵȥ̽һԭ򣬾޷Ӧһȥʼߡ
дʯҵãֳϽȥдջ񡣡
ԲЦ˵ԱߵĺԪҲһַͣģַҲԽԽ⶯Բ˵طôĻȷԽȥһԡ
Ͼַոնɱ޶Ͳȱ籾ԴȱǶʯ
ңűһֱûжȴĻɲַ岻һַӦĶأ
ǣ˭Ҳ֪űܲή¶ǿĶֻжǿ
ϾǶʮڸһڸ磬ǲж
ʵڱУÿʱÿ̶ܷɡ
ַҲһ֮ʣ˽ðʧľǰһȫİ
ãȻطô棬ȥϸ˽һ͵Բˡ
Сһ׮ֳ֮Ѿһ壬һپһȻϣֳܸǿ
ǣַ˾·֮⡣ԲҲó˵Ƭĵַϸ鿴
ַԽԽľͬʱҲ˷ܡ
ΪϼأƾẒ֮̇Ƭ̶ʱ䣬ȻջʮŶʯ
Ǻεȿֲ
ңݳ˵ֻƬΧ̽һڸĵĵط̶֮һܻסˣҲûм룬Ƭ򣬶ԳԣҲΣյġ
һЩͨһ˵Χȥȥ
ַҲѾǶˣַǰҲʲôοַ廹ֶΣΣգ˼ʱӡǰˡ
ôһĵط̺Ŵʯַ˵ȴǱȥ
һǰƬ
գַ¶˾ġ
ԲԪ𶼵˵ͷǴͲµַľ
ԲЩֹջһ˵ֳϣһ֮룬֪˵
Բʲô˵
Բ˿漴һݵֳƬ﷢һЩǶʯ֪ɷ֮ⱣܡǶʯҵһشжǶʯ֮⻹ܵڶλλ𡣵ʱ֮ŸӵȶűŸе
ַ΢΢һ㶣漴Ц˵Ϊʲô£ԭ¡ʵԲᣬĳǷ˶ǶʯҲһ֮λϡˣĳҲ֮һԱ
ȷַʵ뷨֮⣬ַҲͽԼ׵뵽֮֮СֶܷǶʯԼɣԲˣһλ
ַֿ΢΢ǶʯôѰôףű޾µĻۣҲһŶǶʯûҵΪ˶Ƕʯҡ
ûϣַĴӦԲԪ˿
ַӦˬ죬ҲϣַȷǽԼ֮һԱԲԪҲ΢΢˿
ַڶ֮ԣֱȵĳҪҪɲǲСĽĶԴ


1401 ߿ռͨ
ַû뿪ʼź£ܵһŲУˣƶ˼ƻ̡
ʱ䣬ַ˰һЩ¶⣬Ҫľ̵һջ
Ϊ޶õĴ籾Դ⣬ַصľĿռ̡֮
Բ̣ſռϢַ彫֮֮Ϊռ̡֮ǿſռ̣֮ԶǴڶη壬ܹߡ
ռ֮оŸӣӻšУһƺ֣Ҫʧһ
ЩӣĪǾʹһοռ̣֮ͻʧһӣһοռ䴩Ļ᣿
ַۼʩչռ̣֮һΣ˳ˡΣַụ֮̂סʧܡ
ˣһӣˣûߣռڿռ֮УԲŻ֣ڡ뼤״̬
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Щ˷ѣַҲŪռ̵֮áǣʼ֮뵽ռ֮УǸֵĸӵС
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ռͨȴȫһǳȹ̣й֮ϣƺûκϵ
ַԸܵͨռͨȥеκεط
ڤڤУַоƺǹҪʧˣһסǵǹʧ͵ôӿռͨС
뵽ַɴӿռͨС
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ַһû뵽ռ֮̾Ȼű֮Сռ֮һŸУǸֵĸѾ޹⣬ŵľֻʣĸӡ
ͨεĲԣַҲŪ˿ռ̵֮ʹð취ÿһӣһδռĻᡣ
ղַǺľǸֵĸӣűξ룬ѾˣԶ
ңַܸоֵĸӣʵռû̺ôӴŵĸӣ϶ܹĸԶ
ռ򣡡
ַ巴Ĺۿſռ̣֮š
ڿռ̣֮ʵַӹĵǿռ̺֮ĹӦþǿռ򡣶ڵͨӦþǿռͨ
ֻǣһռͨƺռͨȫͬһн֮ϣܹСǧͨ
ַָоҪ߱Сǧ磬ֻѭռͨſԡңռͨҲޱȵȹ̡
СǧĿռ
ַ֮Ϊ߿ռͨ
ҲҲпռֻͨڽд󡣱磬ûнռͨ޷һĿռ䴩
ûнռͨû߿ռַͨ岻ԶҶԣں磬Ҳܼռ̣֮˳
߿ռͨڽռ֮ͨϣޱȵȹֻ̣ҪСǧ粻⣬ô߿ռͨһֱʹãκι޷š
ַʱ򣬶޷ŵռ֮ϵĿռ
߿ռͨʱճӡߣʲô𣿻˵ʲôϵ
ַտʼΪʱճӾʱӿռ򡣵õ˿ռ̣֮֮ȴ֣ȫͬ
ʱվʱգʱӿռô򵥡
ʱΪһ壬޷в֡
ַʱֻʱ򣬻ûʱհءֶһռ̣֮Ȼʱհƺû̫ϵտռĺôԶ׼
ܹ߿ռǾͿͨ߿ռͨСǧһ浽ǸʱַҪչζʯףһ˲ִܵκεطһͷֳܷĻ󵽸ռʯ
Ǻεȵңڣ
ǿ𣬾𣬿Ҳκβһλ߿ռǿߡ
ַռƤëûֻӵпռ̣֮պˡ߿ռĻȱ˴ˡ
ַֿһűĵûоκˣƺյһƬֻԶһ
űַԺҪԵȻڣűֻҪһû˺ֵַñ״
ʱ䣬ַҲҪʱۡ
ںű˺ַ˵ʲô¡
ˣһٵű󣬾Ͳĵˣ
ַĿһű㻯Ϊһ⣬ԶȥתۼʧӰ١


1402 ս
ַ忴Žͼ˳ĵִһİ
ˣ
ַһˣϢ뿪סսͼָ⴦֮ǱעΪĵط
ַȥһƵĽ򡣰Բ˵ƬʵֹһƬƵĽ򣬶Ǻܶܶࡣ
ƺҶܲ⣬ôôһƬ
ңżɢһ򲨶ƺĿģ֤ʵƬĲͬ졣
һƬս
ַ۾żɢһЩǲƵĹ򣬵ȴ̺һϢַ嶼ܸܵһսĲ״
ҲãǹսҲգֻ߽һƬİַȻѾִǾͲ;ϡ
Խȥһ
ಣ
ַһֱ߽Ƭս飬۸ӵĸֽ򣬼صַո̤룬ͷ·һҪַ峹׽ʳƬ
˿ֲĹ򣬼ֻǲƹ򣬿¶£û¶Ҫܵشʱһͻ䣡
ַһݣѾܵĸ߹Ƭսˣո̤뵽ƬսȴǾЩСƬս
Ǳ֮ϳ֮Ϊû׼ȷͺһĳҲǿẒ֮̇ŶסѹܹƬս
ˣҲֻ߮ڹսΧ޷롣̣֮ҲһܳʱĶסƬսĸֽ
ַһûн̴֮ߣһַʵ֮ʵ֮ܵסôַҲܵסǻ̵֮סַʩչֶΣ˵ܵס
ҲΪھƽš֮⣬ַֻһȻַãűûаǰ϶һһԲẒ֮̇Ҳֵܵһʱ䣬Ҳһʧ
ˣۺԭһΣַûн̴֮ߣֻܿԼڽӲ
ַ廹иõİ취
Ҫַ֪Ƕ𣬶ӵһǧ磬ڽǰǿʮԵģַĽҲǿࡣ
ˣַ岻ÿƣڵĽҲȻȻɢǾʱ
ʱصĹ֮һˣֻȻȻɢҪ̫ġ
ʱסַȫսڳŵĸֲƽһַ壬ͱʱ赲档
ЩƵĽ򣬸޷Ȼ̵֮ЧҪá
صĹ֮һʱ򼴱ҲǶĹ֮һ
ַԵ̾
ʵϣǷʱûкֻܶ࣬ʹ;ͬˡַάʱ侲ֹǿκǹᱻʱסӶ˲侲ֹ
൱ڷˣұκηֶζҪá
ַ˿ڵĽ֧ģֱֵһᡣ̶ֳȵģʱ䣬Ҳûκ⡣
ַ룬ԼоǰһС
ЩУǵأƺƵϯǾеκζʳ촷ַۡ壬̲סһ
ֻǲһನˣӲҪĲ١£Ǵ֮ǳĿ¡
ַҲݱܷâæ㿪ȻƻȴûбҪڵ͵òʧ
ſֲз籩ַ忴һſĶʯ
öඨʯ
ַһϲһץֱӽƬĶʯȫץСЩʯƷĸߣһСƬ򣬾ǧŶʯ
ƽʱͨһַ嶼ҪѰܳʱ䣬շתܳľ룬߱ܶطܹչεǧŶʯ
ڣַŸոսƬսջ񡣿ƬսйԲ˵ʯֱضǣǳձ顣
ţЩʯУƺ̺Ĺһ
ַϸ۲ЩʯԼ֣Щʯ̺Ĺ򶼲һַƲ⣬ʯĳЩʣϣӶγɡҲпҪΪ磬ֻʧˣҲγɶʯ
Σйء
һڵĶʯ̺ĹһһĽ򡣵ڣЩʯÿһŶʯĹ򶼲һ˵γЩʯĹ򣬿϶ֹһ֣Ǻܶ֡
ַ̧ͷ˿ܣŸָ£ֲƵĹ
ƺץʲô
ôƽ򣬲ͣľŰٽĳЩʣˣγһʯľѻ
ַãĲ²ϰ˾ŲʮˡΪֲƹ򣬲ϵľŰγ˶ʯ
⻷ʵ̫̫γˣǰƬսĻ
ĵطֱ󣬶ַ˵ֱеʥأ


1403 ضǶʯ
ҿжٶʯ
ַҲ˷Ѿܾúܾöû˷ܵĸоˣڣôĶʯܲ˷ܣ
Ҫ֪ŸոյƬսѡ
ǣַ룬ʼչζʯ
һ·ϣƬսҲûַʧһ·չΣԽ籩ԽҪ롣Խң籩ԽǿҵĵطʯҲԽࡣƷҲԽԽߡ
Ȼ籩ǳǾʹһ˿ΣգΣϵԽԽߣַǶΣҲʲô
һǧšǧšǧšǧšһš
̶̵ʱڣַջķᣬһʱѾջһŶʯֱ͡񡱵ûʲô
Ȼǡ񡱣ҲÿˡƬսֵ֮ˣȴֻг
ˣҲҡǼҲʵУ򣬸͵ͱҵĹ籩ʳƬˡ
ַɾò⣬һŶʯˡǰϲ񣬵ڣǲֵһˡ
ַҪĶʯٶ԰ƣǧϲС
ֻѸٵַʵˣַѰķΧ룬չζʯ
䣡
ȻַоǰһǿҵĲɲоΣաţһɿµĳƺƵַϯ
ãʱ侲ֹ
ַһɳֲַͨʱʱ򶼻ᱻ˺ѡ
ʱ򲢲ܵģ˳ĿǰʱصļޣôʱҲᱻ˺顣
ɳˣַǿʱϧۣڽȫʱɲֹ
ˣ
ƺƵĳ͵סַ壬ɳϯ̫̫죬Χ̫㣬Ҳûеط㣬ֻӲ
ɳƺƵϯַʶΣաȫʱ򣬷·ڡͬˮĲһܵҵĳ
ǿַ帽ĳᱻֹЩȴ޾һһÿһĳǳֲ
ˣַ嶼ž޴ĸɡ
ʲôǿǻŵĶҲûôǿѵĹ򣿡
ַޱȵ𺳡
˶Ҳնɱħ𡣵ǶǶħħû˵Ŀֲ

ַûм˵ûСַ˽⵽ħ߶ʵûм
ƬСǧ磬û𶼻˵û˭ܱ֤һ𡣱Ͼı׼ӵа֮
ǲǰ磬Ҳǰ򣬶ǰСǧ磡
Ϊûмû˵ַŶ޵İθߣЩƵĹγɵĳ˿ֲһ֪ˣĹ˿ֲĹ򣬵жǿ
ˣַд˲²⡣
ֻǣǲַȵöȹεΣ
ַҲǶһǧ磬ĵŽͬʱҲž޴ĸɡ
άʱ侲ֹҲĲ˶ʱַġġЩĳܹ೤ʱ䡣
ʱƣַͷ·һֱžҵķ籩ڷ籩ŰʱĶס˼ʱڣƺһЩģɢȥַ΢΢˿
ڵȴ̫ãǶסεĳղţǸев
û뵽ƬսȻôΣա˵һˣ룬ҲĿܡ
ַ¡Ϊ˶󣬸նɱͬΪǴڵ޶緢ټʱã޾УҲûʲôܹвˣ֮ȥá
ڣȴ׵ġѡ˹Žո̤ĲΡǶ𣬲Ҳкܴܴ
˵֮Ĳ࣬ǸǴĵزַ岢û޵еʵҲûʸԷɡ
Ƭս֮ϣһЩĹ籩пַܽɱ
ַܿͷӦ˹񽥽һ૵ôֲĹ籩ʯǵǶٿŶʯ
ַûȷûĹУڵҲܿס
ǣѸǰȥոûɶãַѾǰһƵĽȣڽУ飬ƯһſŵĶʯ
һŶʯѰʯҪʮϣඨʯ°Χм䣬ɢǿĹ򲨶


1404 ǧһǶʯ
һһǶʯңһһǶʯƷ֮ߣֱ׷Ƕʯ
ַһ漴ǿϲ
һǶʯȻȲ϶ǶʯôҪõҲôסһǶʯƷʷǳ֮ߡ
٣һǶʯſԿٳǧҵĽ
ǧ򣬲ǰһһǶʯֱ֮
ַ𡢶Լܽ˵һǶʯҲֻʮҵļޣҲ˵Ժ𡢶ˣһüƷʸߵһǶʯ
һǶʯҲкܶ
һ硢ʮ硢硢ǧΪ֡ͨһǶʯ磬΢һ㣬ʮĶʯ
ãǾǰ򼶵Ķʯ
ǧ򼶶ʯǾͼֱͬϡ䱦һ
ַڿŶʯȻǧĶʯǧĶʯϳˡ
ɰǧҵ磬֮ĿǰַԲʵڵһǶʯҲǧ򼶶ʯ
ȴǧҲûУ޾ǧ磬ȲַǰŶʯƷʡ
֮ĵ̣ҵôϳ˵һǶʯοƿߣҲ͵𣬻Եɺ֮£ŵõһžǧ򼶵һǶʯ˳ĺպҲٳ˳ĵҰ͡
ǧĶʯһϳƷʣַ嶼ûмڣȴַǰ
ৣ
ַûпֱӴһץǧ򼶵ĶʯץСȻŶʯڣҵĹ򲨶ͺ֮ǰǹɳһ
ôǧ򼶵һǶʯһ֮ǰǹɹջۣγɵġҲֻĻУ֮ܵ࣬Ʒ֮ߵĶʯ
治֪ɹˣǰǺεȵǿ󣿡
ַҲ̲ס̾ǧһǶʯչһЩƷԲĶʯ
һǶʯûˣƷʵĶʯҲ٣ƷҲ̶̼ʱַõʮŶʯ
֮ǰһŶʯѾõʮһŶʯŽֻмʱˡ
ʵǿǧ򼶵һǶʯҪַһˣǧ򼶵Ķʯܳǧ硣
൱ջ˼ǧŶʯ
ˣֻʮһŶʯջҲ㲻̫࣬ˣһǧ򼶵һǶʯǾǿƷ֮ߣԵֵϼǧͨʯˡ
ʵ̫Σˣʱ뿪
ַ廹ûо̲ǧ򼶵һǶʯϾʵ̫ˣ£ֻҪԴ㹻ܹһλԲҪǿһ
һַԺ飬Ҳ˿á
һǧ򼶵һǶʯַҲЩ᲻áʵȻǿѾǶˣǧ򼶵һǶʯܹǿַʵ
˼룬ַԺлǽ˾
ǧ򼶵һǶʯϾַҪľʵ£ǾԺ
ֻҪʵܹϵǿҲһǶʯ
̣
ַ彫ǿǧ򼶵һǶʯʮһŶʯͳͳڽС֮룬һſŵĶʯУʼȡʯе
ģһҲʹ˵
һһǶʯˣĲ磬һǰδеӴַʱ٣Ҳһʱܹ׵ġ
ַ⣬򣬿൱ڰǧҡǺεȵĿֲһǧ򼶶ʯַ˰ǧս
ȻҪȫҪܳʱ䣬ҲҪӴ籾Դ
Һãַ֮ǰնԼ޶λħ˲˳ôһӴĽҲܡôһǧ򼶵ϳһǶʯ
Ļõôһǧ򼶵ϳһǶʯҲʱ޷תΪս
ܹҵĸƷʶʯһЩҲʲôֻǣԽǸƷʵĶʯĹ籩Խǿ󣬻һ鷳Σա
ַҲڰԺ
ƬصĹսַ˵ǻͬҲ̺Σաεķ籩ַһѡƬս˵ַ嶼еΣգַ޿ɵֵڡ
ˣСĽ
󣬵õôһŸƷʵǧһǶʯַѾЩֲ˼ˡ
һЩΣգҲԸȥһ
οַ廹пռ֮ԼɱʱӡǣΣգĿҲ΢΢
֮ȰǧһǶʯתʵȥðա
ַҲĴ⡣ҲͬʱǣֻУܶһʵпܶһݺô
ˣõʯҪתΪʵҪġ


1405 ͨ
ű߱űܲһΪ˽أκ˽롣ңȫϢҲκ˽⴦Ϣݳȥ
߱صĴ󣬺ķ˺ܳʱ׼׵
һ׼һΣûܹ͵ϮҲûܴϽͨ
߱׼һУʵΪӭӽͨѾõǧϢͨڽմ򿪡
һͨ򿪣űʵͻᱩʱ֮ʲô
ֻϧһͨ򿪣ôַϵʱأ߱޷ˡҲʲôͲ
ʱأ߱Ҳãһܹ
ˣȳҲûа취Ҫضˣضʱ䣬ضĹ
ʱ䣬ΪصĹ֮һҲˡַܻԵɺ£ʱأ˿ɲһ
ôôΰĽˣôȵڣ
߱ͷң˹˼ա
¡
Ȼպ˺ѣһǿ·𺳶Сǧ硣߱ĸоǰƬ޾Сǧ·𶼻۵һֻǣȴ޷ֵסڤڤеһ
ǹƴ䡢޵УƾСǧ޼£Ӳһͨǽͨ
˳Žͨ߱ĸоͨľͷԼһɸǿѹСǧ·Ҳһıɽһǡ
߱ļ֪Ǿǧ磡
ͨڴͨˣǲ֪һΣܲ׼Щǰ
߱ͨҲڲ²š
ȻͨҪʱȹֻ̣ʱˣѵĴͨͨѾɹˣȹ̣Ȼͻܲƿߡ
߱űܲҲȷһλή¶ǿߡ
߱ҪģǾĵȴҷһһƻͨ

䣡
ַڽһ𣬶ʱʱһµʱ䣬ַ廹ʱ٣ڽѾ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬ڳɹһ
һ൱ڰǧĽ
ôһӴĽַ嶼е𺳡Сļʮ磬ַˡ
ôһӴĽʵַڽ򣬾һͬĽˡͬĽ򣬶̺ŲͬĽͬʱһڽУַҲú档
٣ƿԲǺԪ𣬶ûйе伮УҲû˵˭ܹڽлͬĽ
ƿڽ򣬾ֻ磬
ַȴƫƫܹ򣬶򣬶ַһǶʯ󡰳ġ
ңַڽĳɳ֮ƺҲڳɳ
ǰһǶʯҪһĺܶࡣڣȻҲһЩģȴĲˡ
磬ַ֮ǰɵǧ򼶵һǶʯǰǧ磬ڣҲǿǧһ
磬ǰѾ̫̫١
ַãԺڽټɳ֮ټʱɸƷʵĶʯͲˡ
ǧ磬ǰһǧսַڽӵǧս
ǺεȵĿֲ൱ڵ޶
ַƬսŽһµʱ䣬ֻ㷢ǧһǶʯʵżʱˡ
ٶȣֱš
Ҳַ컯ôһŸƷʵǧһǶʯȶʯҲǿġ
ַҲ
ܹҵƷʵĶʯͲһſŵѹЩͨʯˡ
üˣԽΣյĵطԽпƷʵĶʯ
ַѾͷչһպ󣬷Ҳûжٶʯˣ롣ոֻһսƺǿĴڣս䡣ˣĹ籩˵Ŀ¡
ҲΪˣܵ˸ƷʵһǶʯ
ַ룬Ҳ½һЩʯֻǣɢĶʯƷʵҲУһǶʯȴҲû
̶̼ʱ䣬ַ½ѹʮŶʯ
ڣַ·ߵˡͷĸܵѾһġͷڽͷ֮⣬һ޼ʣյġ
ֻǣƬյȴڹսһǹսޱ֮ء
ΪǴտ̾һǰδеӴÿʱÿ̶ںХ˷ϯȥ
ֲĹ籩ַ嶼֮ɫ䡣
ѵһһ򡭡
ַԽǹ۲죬оԽء


1406 һǶʯ
ݻһʵף˵ַ壬Բ𡢺Ԫһ𣬶
ܽݻٺ󣬻Ϊҽһۼû£Ͳһġ٣һͨĶҲ
ַ壬ҪݻһҲһۼ£ȫΪҽǸܣǽˡ
ǰյһĻǾ̫ˣ̾ɿµĹ
ֻɹһƺǻһƺǷϵ򡣳֮⣬û͸ˣҪַ֪һ·̫̫Ĺ򣬶ǸָĹһ
ѿֹֻĵط
ֻһֿܣǾɹ̫ǿ̫ǿˣԶԶ֮ϣ򶼲ҿ
ߣǿĹ򣬶ֹݻˣΪҽˡ
Ǿ̫ˣɹˣǰǶôǿ᣿ϾͬǶ𣬹Ҳǿ
ȡڽǿһλӵʮڸƿ϶ҪӵһڸƿĹҪǿӹɵġ
Ȼǰǹһַʱع֮һͿռһǳ⡣
Σյĵطջ񣡺ܿǴջ񣡡
ַԽԽôһƬֻǿٶʯߣôƷʵĶʯ
ַ󣬵ΣյĵطȻҲдջ
ǣַ岻ԥ̽ڽȫ˳ȫ֧ʱֻסԲʮɷΧ
ˣ
ַһܽƬΣյոս룬ǿ֮ƽ⣬·ͱˡ
˷޾Ĺ򣬷ַ塣
ַ˴棬ʱȻҲļµĸоҺãʱǳ棬һǧ֧šЩҲʱ£˲侲ֹ
ֻһľʹһЩַ廹֧ŵסǣٶȼӿ죬þջȻ뿪
һֱţַҲľĸо
Щû˵Ĺ򣬽ֻǲĹ򣬶Ҳ֪жˣȻҲ˵Ŀ¡
ЩˣǰжôĿֲ
ַɹˣΪʲôôһΪһ򣬻ʲô
ַ˳˼
ʵƬսַԽԽȡ
ʲôֵôǿߣǲϧƴɱҪ֪Щˣûһǰǿᡣ
ַָоǶǶϵǿߡ
Զ˵ǲ򲻵ѣȥƴ޶߱ս˫ҲûзҪƴһ
ûʲôʤϣˡ޶޶̶ʲôֵƴ
޶ΪʱأԼַնɱˡҲΪ޶ûᱻַնɱ
ַ֪նɱʵ޶¾Ͳðˡ
һλСǧ޾УҲվ۷ĴڡѾûʲôöǲϧԼҲҪȥðˡ
ʣַΪ֮⣬ĴԼ
ܣ
ٶĶʯַҲȥƴ
ڣַðգʵϣпռ̣֮Լʱӡǡʵк֣еƣкܴİȫϡ
ŻƬսðգĻҲǳСĽ򲻵Ѷðա
ַˣЩˣԱַҪǿö࣬ȴΪƴ˸һǵʲô
ַԺиͷ˸ţƬսѾ̫̫ˣõ޷ֱʱ䵽жôĹϡ
ˣַҲʲô
ֻܼǰ̽Խ룬ַԽܸоɹԽԽƺʲôɹΪ֮񡱡
֣ûжʯһŶûС
ַЩ֣֪ΪûжʯҪ֪ڹսмضǶʯ飬ǡ
Ψһֻɹ򣬷ûжʯ
ûжʯǡɹֻŶʯŸƷʵϳ˶ʯ
ַţгż֮顣
ɹУѹڣǰɹĵطȻŸƷʵĶʯ
Ŷʯϵľֹϴ񣬷ֱ̺һֹԶͨĶʯҪӴʮ
ַһ۾Ϳ˳ǧһǶʯǷǳϳ˵һǶʯһһӳţ
־ᶨַ壬˿Ҳ޷ٱĵƽ


1407 򱩶
һǶʯһҪ֣
ַĸоǳǿңһǶʯҶǧ򼶵ģһҪõֱ֣չγɰǧĽҪջ޴
ϾɰǧҲһܹһһǶʯ˵ǧ򼶵һǶʯڣַǰš
ֻǣַȴ֪ΪʲôͺϬֻڤڤַָоŶʯáĻһΣգΣա
ַ־磬ͻȻֵԤУ;ֻԤô򵥣пܻΪʵ
һΣգ
ַϸһԼʵǧսѾƵǺǿˡټʱʱʱ̱̿鲼ôΣգ
ǣʲôܹһ˲ѹַڽʱ򣬶޷סǵ˲ͻ
Ȼʱ򲻻ַڽ̫ʱͻڽȡһĳޣôڽ޷ܸɣӶ
Ҳ˵ַġԤСһɳַ弫޵˲佫ӶΣգȻΣոвǺǿңҲ˵ֵܹҪ׼
ַϸϸĲ鿴ﵽֹȻֹǿǿǵ˻ţַ϶Ƕ֡
ȻѾˣǿĹֻʣ¶
뵽ַҲԥó˿ռ̣֮ʱ׼ʱӡǣʱʱʱ̶̿鲼ڽҲޡ
׼ַ֮ǰһ
䣡
ַǰһһͷ·ƽؾһͻȻһǶʯʱֹͷ·𳹵ס񱩡һɹɿֲ˷ַ񸲸Ƕȥ
ߣʱ侲ֹ
ַ׼ʱ鲼ͷ·˻еĽʯƾĴԿȻһεĹ򱩶ԶԶַԤƣ޾ַڽ򶼳׵𶯣ķǳĴ
棬ͼֲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ڣַҲҪܳʱ䣬ѾһǶʯǰһץ
ˣ
ַץסŶʯ˵Ҳ֣ΧĹ򱩶˲ƽϢͬʱһɿֲȴŶʯڴַڡ
䣡
һ̫ǿ̫ǿǿַʱƺ޷赲һʱ֮䣬ڽ˲ͳ˸ɣ綼ٱ
ѹ
ַɫ䣬û뵽ΣվȻһǶʯʱ֣϶Ը⣬ˣֻܵڽ֮ϵʩչʱ򣬷ѹһǶʯ
һǶʯ궯·Ҫѳַơ
Ķʯƺűʵ𣬷ǳ
ַУַôܷ
ಣ
ַӰһֱӾԶƬΣյԽԶ룬ͷһǶʯ΢һЩ
ѵŶʯܵɹ
ַһ뵽ĳֿܡ
ǣȥɹƺҲһǶʯָ֮£˲䱩ַϯַȥҲĹ
ЩԶԶȲֹ򣬵ȴܶܶ࣬ʮٱֹˣֹܿ뵽֮ľУṩһǶʯ
ģһǶʯԽԽ󣬱ַڽ׵ѹ

ַ峤˿ղŻǺգֹľôھֻƴġ
ֹƴģַ廹治һƴĹַòռ̣֮ռ뿪Ƭ
Ǿ˷һοռ̴֮Ļᣬַܿ죬ֱ˻˹սֹ뵽˸ֹĻս֮У޷ȻҲ޷ٹӦһǶʯ
ַɲģ˺ԶԶ˳˹ս
ֻʱ˳˹սַԷģѾϤ˹ս·ʱٻȥˣѲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ǰȫΪأֵһǶʯַ廹û˵ʯ֮ܵģֱδš
ҿǵʲôʯȻ棿
ַһУŶʯŶʯʮͨʯ滹һĻƣǳ֡
Щƣƺһ˿Լһ˿ϵ򣬿鶯
ַ嶨һȴ֣ǻƣһѺֻۣѺۿʱܳˣ׿Ϊǻơ
ѺۡⲻһǶʯѵ
ַкȻһ󵨵ͷ


1408 ʯġ䡱
ѵŶǶʯ
ַһ𣬽ţԶƵļ֮ɫԱ
ǶʯûмǶʯΪ˶Ƕʯϧ֮⣬Ƕʯжô
ϲַ彥侲
ԣⲻǶǶʯ
ַüͷʵ̫ˡ˲ٵĶʯһǶʯҲ٣ŶʯȷֻһǶʯĲΣȴһһǶʯкܴĲͬͺѿһ
־ǶǶʯΪûָǿĲŶʯû֮ǰǿŰǧһǶʯĲǿ
ȻҲǧ򼶶ʯҲǧ²
ϢԲǶǶʯȴжǶʯһЩǣƺ֮ܵǰֹⲻַ˸Ĳ²⡣
ѵŶʯֹˣǰĶʯֻΪսˣʯˣջۣһƬγµĶʯֻǳΪһǶʯ
ַ뵽ֿܣŶʯϵѺַۣ֤Ʋ⣿
ôֱڵĶʯƬܲɣ
ַĹǣΪַ֪޷ƿڵĶʯͻˡ
ŶʯҲȫȻǱڵĶʯǾ˸ӵı仯Ӷγ˶ʯ
һԡ
ַվ᲻÷ŶʯǣֱӽŶʯڽУʱ֮һĸ룬ѸٵŶʯϡ
ˣ
ַĻ֮ȻһΡǴδֹ֮һУûй
͵ַǲǳ⣬׼ֹͣʱȻԺгһ棬Щݣַȴ۾к𾪡
϶ͬʱָĳս
ԼǿƿߣƺŻԼϵǿ߶Ƕ𣬶ӦǶеٮٮߡ
٣ֿµĽ򣬼ַӵʱҲɸеļ¡ÿһ֮ıѣһĽ򶼱𣬻Ϊ˻ҽ
Žֻսನˣ
һѣನҪݻһҲѡҪݻ٣ɻҽǾͲˡ
ңЩ浱пԿǿݻٵĺֹһҲʮϰ
ǿ߽սֱҡ
вȱ໭涼ʧˣ϶ġַҲ²⣬ЩӦþŶʯڣһ㻭档
ʵǵΪλڶʯһЩ䡱ϾŶʯϸϣλڶʯƬ
ֻʱ̫̫ˣ±һǶʯ
ƿ֮ĽսַƲ⣬ǵ磬϶ڰϣ͹˶Էпǧϡ
ϾַҲ֪ڽӵһڻһǧ磬ǺεȵĿֲֻƲˡ
λϵǿߣΪȴս浱Уȫûκ֣Ƿƴɱˡ
ַеľʲôλϵǿߣôһ˶ƴʵַ̫һ𡢶֪ˡ
ֻǣЩ涼ܲƣ˫Ҳûн̸ַҲʲôԭ
滹ڼַ۾Żе֪ǿߣʲôԭƴɱ
һȱȫĻ治ϵ˸ţʱţַҲоܲʣ̫ˡ
ַ鿴һȱĻʱȻĻַԺСһУַҲһǿ֮Ľ̸
ǶʯһϷģϷ̫̫ãѾһԪϷٵˡԪҪսʱϷȷܷ񿹹һμԪĻֻеõǶʯϷܳΪ𣬴ӶȹһļԪ𡣡
粮ҪǶʯѵͲҪôҲǶȹһԪǿߣһЩ顣ȴԪѾ޿ɽԼļԪֻеõǶʯϣΪ𣬴ӶμԪˣǲģ²ϧһдۣһҪõǶʯ
ãããԪ𣬴٣˭㲻ȻˣǾսɣʤΪ߿ܣֻʤ߲ʸӵǶʯ
浽˾ʹ˽ûλǿĽ֣ҲûĻ档ӣ̺ŷϵϵĶʯѵ˵⣿
λǶеٮٮߣĽȴͬھ
Ƕʯ˵õˣֻʧˣ֮ʱȥ̫̫ãַҲѰҵǶʯ
ַĵĲǶʯ䣬ǣ͸¶һЩؼϢĳȣľþ޷ƽ


1409 Ԫ٣
ԪΪԪ
ַ˳˼һ˵ԪʣӻУ粮ƴǿǶʯʵԭΪ˳Ϊ󣬿Ԫ١
ǵֻƬУַԵ֪ƺԪ٣ԻһС𶼵üѶȹкܴĿܻʧܣʱͻҷ𣬳䡣
ƺֻ𣬲ܿһδεļԪ١
ű֮⣬ַ嶼û˵Ԫ١Сǧĵˡ
粮Ϊ˶ȹԪ٣ϧƴǿǶʯֻǣ˶˫˫ˣ˭ҲûеõǿǶʯ
ڼԪǰ˾Ѿȥˣɱ̾
ѵ⴦սôƿս䣬ΪǿǶʯ
ַѾһ˿²⣬ңÿ°˾ŲʮӦǶʯ㹻˷
ټϼԪвĻǵȷ㹻öĶƴ
ַסˡԪ١ãСǧأǣ㣬Ū
ڵ֮ʵ
Ƿ粮ǻǵʵ¶ٱַ塣ǿҲûжᵽǶʯ
бǸǿĶַʵͲʲôԽǵ磬ַԽоԼĲ㣬ԽԼС
٣ַʵ¶Կű
ַڵĻ֮ĽһǶʯȫˣȻһЩ仭棬վǲǶǶʯƬǾı仯ΪһһǶʯˣ֮ɿɡ
ɹ󣬾ԼġӴ
ӴĽȻȲ֮ǰǿ൱ڰǧһǶʯĽ򣬵Ҳǧ򼶶ʯ
ÿһ򣬶ǧңһǾ൱һڸ磬൱һλͨĶˡ
ңĽҲȷǻϵ
ַڽ࣬ÿһ򶼸Ž򡣾ȻûַڽͻǷǳġгƺַڽ߸ϣѹһС
ַֻڽ⣬Щ֮䶼û˳ͻ
ʲôԭַҲѾһƿ߳ײͬĿǰƿߣһǶ𣬶û˭ܹģΨַֻ壬ԶԶֹ򣬶򡣲ÿһ򶼻Ӵ󣬽򶼷ǳǿ󣬲Ҳͬ
ʱƣַµȫȶʱ˿ַ̣ʵҲǰδеǿ
ﵽǧս
ǿ¾޶߱ҲԶԶַĶ֡ǧսû⴦սַа꣬¶һֵز
Ա𣬿궼ֻһ㣬粽ѽַ˵˵ʱˣʮꡢ꣬ǲ׺ɣ仯֪ж
ַҲ̵ᵽˣ棬ûмƿֺôտʼãԴӳΪһַᵽ˺ô
Ϊ˶ֺô͸ֵ쾡£֪ƿĽ
⴦սʮ֮һû̽ĵط󣬱ȫ̽ϡ٣֪ǿǶʯ䡣
ַ忴ǰĹսԺҲһͷ
ȻǿǶʯܵ粮֮ᣬΪǿǶʯ
ַͺܺ棬գǿǶʯ䵽˭У
õǿǶʯǿߣǲĳΪ𣬼̶˼Ԫ٣ڣ
ַ岻һжȥ֤̽ʵ
ܹսΣգ̺ͬŻû˭ַΣУѸٽתΪʵ
ͼܹսսðգӶʵ
ڣǧѾַսǰǿһַص㡣
棬ûκƿҲûκμޣڶʯ⡣ûһǶʯûжǶʯҲӰΪһͶ
ͬҲһûǶʯҲӰַΪ
ಣ
ַٴ̤˹սһΣҪӵ롣ǧսҲеսġ
ַָо⴦սܣ
ַ룬˸ղɹĵطһƬԹɵ׺
飬鲼ڽеԹƱ֮ǰĻԼ粮ĽҪǿ֡
ѵǹսĺ򣿡
ַк𺳣ղŷ粮սĵطȻֻǿĹսֻΧ
Ƭ׺Ǻ


1410 ٿ٣
ž
ַ῿Ƭ׺һԹ򣬶ʱַߡ
¡
ֻһԹ򣬾ȻͺݺݵַڽʱȻֵסԹ򣬵ȴڽ˼ĸɡ
Žֻһƹˣַļֱ𾪵Ըӵĵز
һƬ׺һƹʲô
ַĿɿڴֹֻ֪ڴˡǸǰ뵽׺֮Уһ˲䣬ڽͻʩչռ̵֮ʱ䶼ûСʱӡǵĻᶼã
⡭⵽ǺεȴĹ򣿡
ַʲôµĹʲôˣܹ˾޴һƬ׺ѵ
ΪҪǶʯ
ֱУַ־ò𡣵ֻǶ𣬶Է̺磬жôֲ
ǧڸ磿ڸϣ
ַ岻Ϊ֮Ŀ̫󡣶ûоûһĺ
ַֻ֪ӵŰ֮֮Ƕٸ磿´󲿷ֶ𶼲֪
һģĺ׼ֻǣַûдﵽĵزˣ֪ľٽ㡣
Сǧ磬̫嫡ǶĶҲ޷߱Сǧ硣ھ֮߱ǺεΰĴڣַҲ
ʣƬ׺ǶģôֲģʵƬ׺ˣǣնɱƬ׺˵ǿߣǲĿֲ
ΪǶʯôǶʯܾܿ䵽նɱƬ׺˵ǿߵС
ʯôඨʯ
ַһۣƬ׺ܴܴ󣬿൱ʮôӴ󡣽ֻµĹ֮ͱ鲼ʮ׺ǰǺεȿֲĴڣ
ңַȥ׺֮УǶʯһſŶʯƷ֮ߣֱ
Ƭ׺ĶʯƷȻϳˡܹȫɣ㹻籾ԴʱַӶս
ʮڣǼʮϰڣ
ַ岻пܡ
ֻϧַ岻̤룬ӵпռ̣֮ӵʱӡǣӵʱ̤Ƭ׺
ʵ̫ΣˣԿַľսĸо
ַ뾡˰취׺̻һ࣬ȴûҵܹ׺İ취
Χ׺һȦ׼ȷĲƬ׺ķΧӦ൱ʮô
ô޴ķΧҲַ𾪡
һλܹµĹռʮôӴ򣬼ֱ󡣻Ҳ׺ռȫʮΧ
ʣҪ򣬾ͱƬ׺ĻƬսܣܾͻһֱأΪ˵֪
ǲİҲֻܵȵպʵһ̽ˡ
գַ廹ѡ뿪ңңĿһƬ׺֪׺̺Ŵʯ֪׺пܻ̺Źսܡ
ʵȴƬ׺ֻźַ彫طεļסֻܵȴպʵ̽
ǣַ뿪˹ս֮ⷵء

ű߱һأĿһ˿˷֮ɫڣһڵľ޴ͨѾˣҽȹ̡
ȹ̺ͨͿԽˣԽȹ̵ĽͨԽܹǿߣĻ΢ǿһ٣ͻὫͨѹ
һôȹ̵Ľͨһܹ·ǳǿ𣬾ǲ֪λ
ˣ
Žͨȹ̣һ⻪ǧУ͵Ľһâ֪߱һλˡ
һҪٵСǧô
һӣѾ˽ͨ⡣߱𶨾һ漴һȴ¶˹֮ɫ첽ȥ߱ݼٿû뵽ܲȻٿ٣ٿűⷽСǧ統УѾܹȹˣ
߱λٿһλԶԶ߱ҪǿűеĵλҲҪԶ߱
ˣͬǶ𣬵߱ȴҪٿܹ
ٿһ߱漴˵ͷ¶һάͨ½ͨ٣ѾܲˡһΣűþţȡⷽСռȻϾⷽСǧ磬μԪѾԶˡڼԪǰȡ㹻ԴԪ٣һжΪɻҡ
ǣǣ߱һ֮񡣡
Ԫ٣߱ͷһԪǺεȵĿֲý⣬ֻҪⷽСǧ𣬲άֽͨǽǧ硣
ôý֣ЩǣкܴĿܰԪ٣ӶΪɻң䡣
ٿȥϢɡ
ٿȴҡҡͷŽͨζ˵ٻûн
ûн
߱΢΢һ̧ͷԶͨȻһνͨûһһλ͹رգάԭ״١


1411 ֣
ϼỨ𡭡
ŽͨڣһһϤİӰ߱ѾľˡôÿһɶǶ𰡡
һӽôĶǽ£ҲúķѺܶ
½ٺ󣬽ͨʼС󳹵ʧ
ͨһֱά֣ĻҪסʱעһСǧ磿ܣܹĴѾǱȽˡϾµĿɲֻһСǧ硣
űǧҲһȻĴսɲһСǧ磬ͬʱάʮϰٷСǧ硣㹻Сǧ磬ýȥע
ֻĳЩСǧ磬ҪԪٵʱ䣬²ŻͶһĿ⣬һ¡
űʵͽٵСǧˣǰһֱڲֻ֣ҪűⷽСǧĴھˡ
ûеԪ٣űҲܷ
ڣĴĽ٣߱ҲףⷽСǧļԪʱѾ٣űǿ
ĴԶٿΪףһԼ߱𣬳˵λ½ⷽСǧ磬Ƕ֪ʲôԭ򡣼Ԫٻû٣ҲˣˣǵѸȡȹⷽСǧ統е档һԪ٣µʱȻήǿĶִбµļƻڴ֮ǰǾű𣬴Ӷƻ˽µļƻ
߱ж΢΢һݣ漴˵ͷ
ǶףҪʲôƻ˽µļƻǶòʲôôŭҲܵͷ
Ľǽ·ⷽСǧ磬ǻعǧ磬Ӷ𣬶ҪڼԪлΪҽ
ˣ߱űСǧķչΣ
ٿ߱ѯʵȻĴ֮ףȻνҲٿΪף߱űĴȨȻͱˡ
ϾĴеκһλԶǿ߱
ٿҪ㱨֮ǰҽٺ󣬾跨޶̲޶̵ѾΪ˸еİڸһСǧı֮⡣
֮ԭֵһᣬ£һǿĶΪʵǿ󣬸ҵƲ⣬һǧ磬նһħ޶ı壬ҶԶԶǶֻ֣ݱܷæ
߱æ֮Լַȵ㱨һ顣
㶼Ҫݱܷâ˵ǽֻΪ̽·ԪپͿҪˣǱð·̽áֻҪѸűܳⷽСǧĵϸ¸鱨ýȷѡˣ֮ⲻ
ԣٿĺܺã֮ɲǱҵ̷ǳô֪չ˶Դ
߱Ȼ˽֮⣬Ϊ˵֮⣬Ҳ˴Ϊһ̡
Щ𣬴ǧ罵٣ֻűȷˡʵССϺ̽·ȷãռ鱨
ҪռҪĶǽ򿪽ͨǲһЩǶǰֻ۷ڣѹһзһԪıԴ׸
Щ𣬽ٵСǧʵһΪǿԽűţŹУչεԴʵͱǹϷ֡
ǲںӬͷСǰǣǲܻ˽µļƻ
֮⣬߱ٿ𶼿ѣѾ̰֮ģ׷Ź
߱ĺܺá֮⣬ɱԳɣǸַ壬ȻʱءֻһƤëܹץסַ壬ٽʱ׸ΰĽ£ٺ٣һˣʹҵһǶʯҲǲܣ
ٿĿȡ
ʱأȻĶʵҲ֪֪֮ǣ浽ʲôʱ䡢ռǾͲôġ
ЩܻԵɺ򣬵ǻԵɺϣǶ֪ЩأҲ޷򣬵׸
׸ˣпܵõʹͣпʹǶʯ
ʱأߵǶʯлΪջκһλ𣬶޷ֵסջ
Ǻֻ𣬲СǧļԪлȥ±Сǧ統УҲܻܳʱ䣬ٲηԪ١
𣬼űУǶһİǽġӡ
ЩԶԶӶϣֻһЩп޵ڻҰˣǸ߸ϣһ仰֪жٶڻҷӵ
ֻгΪ𣬲Ǹ߸ϽǵС
ã֮ĵҲãַϵʱأֵǳˣʨӲȫһΣһַ֣ߣ
ٿ¶˾ģĿԶ֮ķĿҲ¶һ˿ȡ


1412 һ
֮⣬嫵Ľ֮УϢķӰ
ಣ
ӰϵϢޣԽԽǲ֮Ƥӵ£ϢĽ룬һΨЩ߸ϵĶ
֮⣿
ٿϸĴܡ
߱˵ͷ֮⣬С֮⣬ǵĵ̿ɲ֪жԭ֮ǰüŶǶʯ֮һЩϣ֮ϴʼˣλˡֻϧΪַĽһ񡣡
Ƕʯ߱ĪǺƭЩϰɣǶʯȻ㲻϶󣬵ƾһܻһŶǶʯʹ;Ͳˣţ
ٿҡҡͷ
߱Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݵȻǸЩϻ伢ˡٺ٣ΪűӴǧǿʹͼŶǶʯӦúסǹªţ֪Ƕʯ󡣡
߱ҡҡͷǶʯű˵ȷ㲻ʲôҲʹͼŵġ
ЩһλΪű˺ͣŻʹ͵ġšסһСǧıüŶǶʯǳ˵ΡҲǳˣҪǶʯΪ棬Ϊƾšס֮ĹܹͣõǧűܲʹͶǶʯ
ڿһж߱ġıˣǻ伢
СǧܹΪűĸѾ൱ˡȴҾܾűҲգգҵ𣬾ͳֽѵһű󣬵мǣֻǳֽѵֻ׶񣬲Ҫ֮ˡ
ǣٿ֮
ĴҲٿΪףĪҲӡ
ٿˣνֻ׶񣬲˼޹ʵֻǽ֮⵱˽ˣ֮Ľһʲôò
ǧ࣬ٵⷽСǧ磬ΪչԴô򶼻Ǿ֮⣬Ҳòʲôô
߰ɣֱȥ֮ܲ
ٿˣҲûˡ֮Χ֮ڣԽǿܲǾԽء
ˣĳ֣֮̾ע⡣
ԲͻȻǰ治ԶİƿߡһˣЩű߱ⲻȫǰ֮ܲ
Բ۾ԭھޣû뵽ͻȻõ档
ű߱𣿡
Բһݣ֮⣬ƺűƽʵϣ˫֪ű֮֮䣬ƽ
ڵƽǱǰƽˡ
ڣűڶˡ
߱Զˣλİ𣬿ӣλ˿֮߱£ѵűͨ´ˣ
Բһټλϡ
λһ飬ɫҲ
űĽͨܿѾˣǰЩӣֳն޶ֳϾͻűڱƲʱűȴûκζ߱ҲûаնԸֳϣ˲Ű
߱ͻȻڣλİ𣬿¾ǽͨ򿪣ǧ罵ٵǿ𣡡
Ԫϸţвӳˡ
ҿҪϽֳ֪ͨϡλǲűǧ罵ٶǿߣһλ߱𣬾ͲӦġ
Ͻ
߱ôҲǶ󣬵λߡ֮ǰѹ޶̲޶̣պա
֮֮ǰǿĳ𣬶ûгΪԶѷ߱𣬸οЩˣ
ַֻ壬ܶԿ߱
ԲɫأҲ֪߱϶߲ƣҪȫ׼ǣַ巢ѶϢ
Ҳַ֪廹ңԶĵطҪϻҲôףǱַȡ㹻ʱ䡣
ԲڵĻ̣֮ãһַûн̴֮ߣ˻̣֮ܵס߱Ĺ֮Ҳȫ޻֮
ˣѾֳϷѶϢֳϸϻ֮ǰǻǵȥһ߱𣡡
Բվλϣ뿪ܲ
ৣ
λϣһӳ˽֮У漴ͣңңĶԶ߱λ߱ݹ٣ҵʧԶӭˣ
ţֵĵͦ졣
ٿЩ죬漴Ҳָ̬֮ϳʵҲʲô
ֻ߱ܲǾ֣ս֮ٺòȥҵȵݣҲǸһᣬǲ̶
ٿҲͣ˫֣鵭ȻһɳȻĳʡ
ǣ߱ǰĿĮ˵ԲǶˡλٿǶűܲٶǿ֮ǰ֮ĳ𣬳ҪűǾͲҪĶ⡣
ٿԸһᣬڻű󣬵ʱһеĳŵִܶ֡Բ֮Ǿݹֲҵˣ
߱ĻĴλϵĶУʱλϵɫ˲䡣


1413 챦ܵУ
ȻűܲٶűѾ´ͨ˽ͨ鷳ˣ
ԲҲأĵ»Ƿˡű´ͨ˽ͨҽλ𣬿߱Ҫǿ
߱űһλ֮ʲôֵ¾һ֮ⶼֵסο
ңͨǲֻλ𣬻һűУһЩûǰأ
һʱ䣬ԲǺԪֻ𣬶Ѿ˹ȵס
ҪԲôǲܵġ
Բ۾΢΢һУ漴˿Ӧ߱𣬾˭űöǶʯճԪϣ֮ҡǺòƽϢңǾͱٳ£֮ͶűҰģ˾֪֮ҲвģҪ̲֮⣬ҵ϶ˣ
ڤ粻顣
߱һȴҲ˵תͷٿԱʾٿ𾴡ϾĻٿ߱ɲԽ޴ҡ
ٿɫƽ˵̣Ǳλַ壬ܾǣôûг
óʱȻͻ֡
Բÿɷģɵ˵
Ǻǣ͵ϮôȻǾͱ߱𣬶ְɣסҪƻЩ򣬱Ͼ֮Ľ򣬶ǵ֮
ǣٿ𣡡
߱Цһõٿ׿ϣǣһǰ
䣡
ٿǰԵ÷ǳǫ߱𣬺˺Ĵڡ߱˿˶֤Ҳһλ߸ϵĶ
ˣ߱޼ɵͷųȫϢʱֱ춯أƿɪɪĵļ¡

ֱ߱Ӵһģһڸ˵һˣһҲױ򱬡
Բ𡢺Ԫλϣȫ߱ĹΧ֮Сڿֲ£·ҪϢһ㣬ϵʮɶӲɡ
ǶһѹƣȻ㲻ϵѹƣ˫̫ϵѹҲͺס
ٿ֣һ֣ԪһֵĻᶼûУ̫̫ʱͻγȫѹơ
ԲôҲǧһ𣬲˵ǰǽڳǿߣڣǽַϡ
οԲ̣֮֮
ˣ
ԲͷҲһ磬߾ȫĵֵ߱ϢѹơУֳһƹâš
̣֮
Բͷֶ֮޴Ĺ֮УԲεС
䣡
ڣ߱Ĵֺݺݵ䵽Բϣ̸֮סʱһױȵĿֲԲϣл̵֮ĵֵһ
ôǵסһλĹ
ţȻסˣ
߱ɫЩѿһλ𣬾Ȼᱻһλһס仹ٿǰֱ档
ǣ߱߳ŭ֮£ٴνΪȭһǧ磬ĵ֮ȫ˫֮ϡ
أ
߱˫֣ͷ·һشһһһµûԲͷÿһ𶯣Բеܣȴɵסˡ
˵̸֮סˡ
̲֮֮ųֵܹĹַġԡҲ̵֪֮ȷֵܵסĹҲֻһĶˡ
ҵֵʱ䲻ֻ̫ڶʱڵֵһ
߱ȷǺͨĶι޹ɫЩΣ
Ǽ챦
ٿһοԲһλһֵܵס߱ĹľǼ챦
ֵܵס𹥻챦ȷѵãǧ磬ʵȽټҲûУ٣ٿͼֹһֵܵס챦
ңٿʶ㣬һ۾Ϳ˳̣֮ҲֵֻܵһĶʵޡ
ȥ߱һ֮
ٿ𿴵߱ɫΣҲԸôˡ汻һסˣǶű
ˣٿ
߱ⷽСǧ磬ûʲôһ챦һٿأ㶼κβˣƵ챦
񣬷·ͬǳ䣬һ
䣡
һ̣ϵƣͬһ㣬Ʋɵ񱬷ˡ


1414 ס
һͷƮɢ磬ѹ߱Ҫǿ̫̫ˣǿһ
ڸ磡
߱ɫأȴ쳣ɬ
ڸ簡ζӵСűܲΪűĽĴսУҲֻӵһǧˡ
ǻĺԶ
ҲڸϣűܲУҲ߱ҪϵöࡣΪսСǧ硣߱ҲֻΪµڶսСǧ硣
ʵϣ߱νλУֻһ㡣ˣҲӵڸϡĴÿһλӵгڸ磬սǳֲ䲻˵ɨСǧ磬ٽűʮٱϣûġ
űŰٱĴʵҲס
⻹ֻ𣬶Ĵ֮׵ٿ߱Ҳ֪ʵ²⣬Էܳڸ硣
ڸ磬ҲűܹܲսڶСǧ磬ˣٶȲŻô졣
Сǧ統У۸ӣûǿıɽҪڸ磬Ǻεȵѣ
ͱ߱𣬴ǰֻһűҲֻܿ޶һַǣ֮£żѻ޶̲޶̰ˡ
ţ͹̲һ֮⣬߱õȵٲŸҳ֡
Ͱ࣬Сǧأ߱Ҳ޷úڸ硣
˵ΪǸҪǶʯǶʯһСǧУǶǿ󣬲֪ǿĶǶᡣ
Ϊ˺ͣǽһˣпܴһǶʯҲ߱ȶظűҪԭ֮һ
ڽ򽥽ֳһ縡յУ֮ɽһ㣬ҵı
¡
һСͬϫһԲϯȥԲ۾ֻƴĴ߶Ż̡֮
ˣ
̹֮âʢֻǣһ£̷֮·ܵ伫ޣâ͵һԲǻһڽʮ磬˲
ಣ
Բ̲סȥ֮Ҳ޹⣬ȻղһѾû֮ܵش޷ΪԲṩˡ
һֻһԲˣڽܵش
Բôˣ
Բû°ɣ
ԪϣæɵԲǰӦԲ𣬲һĿ
ֱ߱ǿ̫̫࣬һԲĻ̣̣֮֮ҲͲˡ
ס͵סֵ֮ܵסļޣͨĹǰλ߱Ҳӵڸ磬̵֮ס֮Ҳס
ԲҡҡͷЦ˵
Ѿʧȥˣ߱ȶǰͬ׵ĸһû˿в
֮ĸ𣬻֮䡣
Բǻֳϣ
ԪЩģ뵽ַ塣ʵϣֻǺԪʱ򣬼λϣԼͬ뵽ַ塣
ַڣ£Ҳݲ߱ôˡ
ֳϾ㻹Σ𣬺οˣ߱ǿӵڸϣֳҲ۵ûκôǰװվˣˣ֮յ˻ӲѶֳϣֳϻûиϻأʾֳϻǿɡ
Բ漴ַ巢˵ڶѶϢҲһѶϢ
λ֮ǵѪմͷ֮⹲ɡ
Բ̧ͷĿޱȵļᶨ
ԣ֮⹲Ҫ֮⣬Ǿ̤ǵʬ壡
ԪҲһԾϣԲ𲢼վһ
λЩԥջǼᶨͷԲͬվһ֮ǵѪǷѪǸͲܡ
Ȼˣǻƴһս
ϾڼλǰҲߡ
νļ֣߱𣬽ǣ
ٿЦһʱ򣬻ûбƳַ塣ַˣٿ൱ջ
һλӵʱصĶ𣬾ôˣǾǴǧ罵ٶҪããĽУҵַ壬Ҳôס
ŭ֮£ٿȻͶԲûʲôģɱ⡣
ˣɣ
Ҳһ˿âһĳ
УԲˣͬһġϡСǧ磬Ѿ֪˶١
ջûӹˡҲգˡ
Բ۾ʱҲֻĬĬĳٵһ̣

ţԲѶϢ
ַո̤սյԲѶϢ
ѶϢУԲᵽĿǰ֮鷳߱Լİ֮⡣
Σַ御ϻء
űջǶˣȫİˣӦűͨ¿ǿˡþϻ֮⣬򣬾Բл̣֮Ҳ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
ַмȣӿٶȡ
һûãַȴյѶϢ
ֳϣӣӰɡ̱֮ƣűλڸϵĶֳֵϻǲҪˣװ˷Ӿӡ
ַһ𣬸оЩ˼顣
ô죬֮̾ͱˣλڸϣԲ͵ֵס֮⣬
ַ忴ѶϢûԥã˾
Բ˶İ֮Ӵַܹṩǳıǹս֮ϵġ
һַˣԺ׽Ƭս𣿿Ǹʱ򣬻ǵúű󱬷ͻңǸʱű»ͣӲöԸ
ˣַܿ˾ܷ֮⡣
ǵһ
ַһâԲΣڵϦô̵ĸϻȥ϶СǾֻһ취
ռ̣֮
ַһó˲ŴϵõõĿռ̡֮
Ҫ˲Ϣϻ֮⣬ǵÿռ䴩ôԶľ봩Ŀǰַ廹޷ֻռ̡֮
ϣü
ַ˿ռ֮ϻĸŵĸӣǾζţĴδĻᡣ
һַ̣ԥ˿ռ̡֮
ˣ
΢΢һ𣬽ţַ忴һ֣·н֮ϣй֮ϵͨ
߿ռͨ
߿ռͨԴַ˲Ϣ䴩ⷽСǧκεط
ַûԥ̧ţ˲߿ռͨС


1415 ɱҵ˻Уǣ
߿ռַͨ岢ǵһν롣
֮ǰַԡһοռ̣֮һΣһŵĸӱַ弤Ҳֳͬһ߿ռͨǵʱʣֻܴ࣬Ƚ϶̵һξ롣
ڣһοռ䴩ᣬַҪⷽСǧκһ䶼ԡˣڿռͨڣַ˲ϢѾӦ֮⣬ӦԲˡ

ַһ漴һ̽˴󣬴߿ռͨһ

ϡ
ɫ䣬ɫдһ˿мǧУ߸ϵĶǧ֮УԲþԪ٣Ͳӵ
ȻȻǧнٵСǧ磬ˣ඼һ߸ϵԽ̬
߱Ҳˣ޶ս޶ʵ߱Ҫ΢ǿһ㣬߱ɶ޶ܲм
Ϊָ߸ϵԽ̬
Բˣֻͬһû˿ġ⡱
ԲѾ۾ûз̫󣬾㷴кã

ԪƴŭƴֵƵ¼һҲĶֻ֣ĿĴ֣䵽ǵϣһ̣ͻὫĳ촷ۡ
䣡
ͻȻպը
Уһ޵ͨͨУһֻš
˵˭ϣ
ϤĮصڽȵУûлعͨѾʧˡ
ͬʱһİӰǰͬĳһƣݺݶϡ
أ
һ죬ɫ䡣һֱ̣˲ը촷ۣͬʱڽǾҵ𵴣һӿȣ·𲻿赲ϯֱӿڽ˲ǧ硣
ǿǧ簡⻹ǶԷһƣδȫңȫĵֵĻͲʧһǧôˡ
˭˭
ɫ䣬Ѹȥͷ·ܵ˾һ㣬ĶǰӰɫǾ֮ɫ
һǧ磬൱ʮ֮һһӾʧ˶ʮ֮һǿԵʧ
һʧأ⵽ش
ţ
ٿ͵̧ͷԭƵϣһ¶صı顣
ַ壬ַ尡
߱𷴵ϲ񣬼æ
ַ壿ʱصĶ𡣡
ٿüëһĶַ壬·Ҫַ忴һǰַ壬ƺٿкܴĲһ
ַ岻ǲֻһڶǵõ֤߱ʵģٿ𲢲߱ôĵӸƭ
ڣַղһ⵽شʧ˲ʮ֮һ⻹һڶĶģ
һʱ䣬ٿ𷴵ַһԵõӡ
ͬʱַͻȻ֣ͷ··תһ塣þеԲ𡢺Ԫֿϣ
ֳϣڻˡ
ֳϣؼʱ̻ǵֳϲ
һ㣬Ͳһǿ¾ͼֳˡ
ԪϣַӰû˿̾ô׽
ֻԲüͷ˵ֳϣǺοࣿˣԷҲռʲôˡǿ뿪ɣֳ֮ϡ
˴˿̣ԲҲѾĻ䡣ʵĲ࣬ǵһ㣬˸Ϳʲôսʤϣ
ַĿһԲ֪Բܵش̶֮ءˣԲַ뿪ûַ֮һᡱĵַϿԲ
ַ忴ƺܺ˵̬ȺܺʵϣҲԭܹϿɵˣٺ١Ŀǰ֮УϿɵˣҲֻԲһˡ
ԲģĳȻǾȻаաοɱҵ˻УԲǣ
ַ廰У͸¶İš
ܻˣкܶࡣնɱˣⷽСǧ磬ַãûмǿռ֮ҲãʱӡǣǶһһıɱס
οַ߱ߣ
ߵģӦǣϧûӣǾûлˣ
ַ建վĿ߱һɨٿϡ
ҲֻٿԸоһ˿ѹҲֻһ˿ѹˡ
Բѣ֣
ٿһâһȣʱȻͬʱ֣ѸٽַΧм䡣


1416 һ壡
˵־Ͷ֣ûһ˿ԥû־ԶٵġʡٿĴ𣬸ĬƺѾ֪һֹٴˡ
ǶСǧıߣһ̬ϵԽСһսǿɶ൱أһȫԸʨӲȫǽ䷢ӵ쾡¡
һַ̣嶼ܵѹһ˿в
䣡
߱΢һǰƣһǧƣ籩һ㣬ƺƵַϯ
߱Уڵ׵Ĵڡ
ȻˣҲûսɱ׺ݵֶΣڸ֮Ȼ
ȻỨǧ磬ӿֲ
ϼǧǧ磬ǺƺƵſֲѹ
ֲĻٿߣһĽƺǣ浽Ϊһ壬ֹ򣬶һֹ
ѹֱΪٿ𣬵ȷſ֮ǳ档
ٿҲȫϢǧ磬ǺиܵϢˣо·ҪϢһ㡣
ٿűĽսСǧ磬˺͡һʵɱ¾ս
ˣԶЩ޵ƿҪǿ
𣬼ǿֲ˼㣬ͬһ㣬ֲַев
ַȴ쳤Хһã
ѾܾúܾöûйġѹˣҲܾöûˡǣڹսһУջķᣬҪˡӡ֤
ڣ𣬲õӡ֤ѡ
ǲǶǧ罵ٶ𣿽վҿǧǵֶΣ
ַ帺ֶϵϢҲѹƣȻ䱬˳
䣡
ͷһ޴·بͷ·ܹѹһС磬񶼱ѹ
һһ磬ãϣɢǿϢһƬ޴ѹַͷ·վЩ統Уһصľˡ
ֲϢ籩һ㣬˷ƺƵϯȥ
߱𣬶һĿɿڴػһ㣬
ϼٿ𣬶۾¶֮ɫ
ܣǧ磬ôôǿ
ȻٿҪǿ⻹Сǧ統еƿߣ˵ַֻһڶ磿ճɶǲãֵز
˼飬ǲ˼顣ճɶ𣬶̶ʱڣ̶ֳȣֱֱϣأʱô򵥡
һҪҳϵܣ
һʱ䣬ٿ޲𾪡𾪹ȴĿ¶̰֮ɫɫ䶼÷
ɱ
ûκԥǱһַһȭݺݵײһ
أ
һ죬˫һ߱¶ʹɫոһڽܵ𵴣һӾһǧ硣
һǧ簡£ǲǾ͵õ䵽һľˣ
⻹ٿϼỨֵ˴󲿷ֵĻַһѹ߱
߱𺳣૵̶ʱڣѾɳֵز𣿡
߱ţۿַһĳɳƺÿһַĳ֣ʵһʵķԾ
˵Сǧ磬ǧ磬дԴȫЩҲô졣
Ѿһʱأܽ͵˵ġ
ԭ߱Խ̬ڣַ壬սʸҡҡ׹ˣеĿɬζԡ
˭뵽߱𣬻޶̵һ𣬶̶ʱڣɳֵز
߱𾪣ʵٿĴ𾪡
֣ĬǧƿҲܻܡֲûлܹһħﵽǧǧħǸնħ
ܹŽսСǧûһλǼ򵥵ģǷǳѲοһ֡
ǧеĽµطҪѹַ壬˵ѡ
ַҲܵ˼ѹҲ˵߱ûн߱СٿĴȴַĺܾˡ
Ȼܹѹ˷ֱĸ򣬽ַεѹм䡣ҲҿַڽĤ񣬷Զһƿ
лֱ֮ѹռ䣬ĻղһײͲڽ𵴵ˣҪˡ
ʱַԱԼƿߣʲôʱ򻹻ˣ
ãããսǧƿߣȻͬ죡λֽѹңĳҲУ
ַ嶥أվڽȵУһһ㡣˿̣ͷĸֳһӴĽ
磬Ľ
ңЩӰֳ󣬾ʹַɢһصĽ
򡢷籩򡢺ȵȣһȻͬĹ򣬴һĸַɢĴڽĹ໥Կ˿·磬ռһ˿Ϸ磡


1417 ն߱
ܣһôôĽ򣿶ÿһֹ򣬶˿ѷɫҵȡ
ٿĴһĶ۾·𲻸ǰһĻǽʵ̫ˣսСǧ磬ʶָǿߣҲû𾪡
ϸ˵ÿһλƿʵֻһֽ򣬲ֽ
ַ壬ȴƺһ⡣
ѵһλƿߣ
Ȼٿƺ뵽ʲô۾Ķַ塣˲֪λͬ鶼̫ٿȴǳ
ºܳʱ䣬ڽȻ㲻̫˽⣬ʵҲ˽һҲΪŵȡ
УĽԼα
űʵĴĽʵֻλλҲΪα
Ȼͬ߱Ž֮ڽµĽûʲô𡣵ֻЩαףǺĽжô޴
ĽܹһֱαֻĽʱ䣬Ҳ޷ֺǰ·α˵Ѿ׶ԶԶֻͣڳΪʱǸ硣
ʵϣ󲿷ƿߣֻα·ߵĳɾͣαΪĽǱĴڣܳΪϣĽ
ֻ棬ܼǰŸߵľ硣ƿߣڲܹ򣬲
νĴͳƿߣֻĽиͨеļѣӶöʯһ֮
֮ǽľ磬ԶҲ޷ǰ
Ͼûдʯ֮뿿Լƿж٣綼޼ƿʲô뼸޾ħԿ
Ҳֻڶʯ֮ƿ߲ϣħ⡣ֻǣáࡱƿߣǳϡ١
ٿҲֻǸλαܳʱ䣬ĸ΢е˽⡣ֻǣ˽⵽࣬ȴٿķǳĿɬ
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һ̣ٿһɱ⣬֪Ϊ֮⣬һ˿ʡ
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ʱַȴ͵̧ͷ

һȣǧ磬˲䱬ƺƵ֮籩һ㣬ȻΪһɿ磬˲䴵ǵ޴ӡ
ͬʱ񱩵֮ϯ߱ʱ߱ҽһַġȡ֮£ڽһһǧ磬ɳһ˲

߱۾ôģڽȴ޷ֹתۼ䣬߱ڽͳױһ

һ΢紵߱˲仯ΪɳƮɢڽ֮С
ö𣬾Ȼַ崵ɱ˻ʵڻҡ
սڣһλˣ


1418 ƽ絶
߱ˣٿĴͽȻɫ䡣
𾪡⣬½Ĵı֮С
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ڣĴַ֣ȻҲնɱ߱ܲ־ŭ
Ĵ֣սСǧ磬ôһСǧƿ߶޷ʰ
ˣҶý´ıɡ
ԣ´رΪ˶Ըеĵˣǰַ壬ʸʹرˡ
Ĵһҧɫѿ
ΪٵҲرҲ̡
ʵϣǽٵСǧУսƿߣõġرġرڽвֵһᣬЩ˵ȴʵرؼʱܹתս֡
ЩرĴѾڲΣյʱ򣬳ת̡
ԭⷽСǧ
磬ǵʵͲʹر˭֪ȴַôһ̬أ
ǵģʱĴУַĵȷȷǡ̬ʵҲûǿǺܶ࣬Ĵ֣ȴƫƫһҲκβַ壬ַռϷ磬նɱһ
ֱ˼顣
رֻʩչһΣ´ٽСǧ磬Ǿ޷ٶرˡˣȻΣǾͶرɡ
ٿɫ粻ûôСǧеǿҲûô
ڣȷǱַ˾òáرˡ
ˣ
ٿһʱһɫ⻪γһƺ«ب֮С
ͬʱҲǿдʣ漴ڽУҲɳһƺ«
ܹĸƺ«ƺӰ
ĸƺ«̶֣ںһ
ʱһӾ޴Ľƺ«ңƺ«ҲʵءƴϢ
ƽ絶
ৣ
Ĵִ߶ƺ«̶ӽƺ«гһ⻪ӭǣһӲӣޱȾ޴Ĵ󵶣˷Ϣ
ĺԶַ嶼оڽҪиһֻһ󵶣ûն£Ҫиĸо
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Ĵдʣһ̣ǵڽ֮ͶǱ֮Сڽҡҡ׹һҪģ
ȻҪ߶ƽ絶Ҳûκδۣ෴ۻܴ
ȴԸ߶ƽ絶ԭֻһƽ絶һҲζսˣţܵжǿֻҪƽ絶һҲҪش
ǽǵرСǧҲԲˬ֪նɱǿڡ
ĳЩСǧıַҪǿ󼸱
ƽ絶һҲͻΪɻҡ
ƽ絶һûκֵܵ
սѾˡַ壬Сǧô֪ҵǧĵ̣
ƽ絶̺һ˿½ֻһ˿˿Ҳһ޷ֿģ𣬷򣬱ɣ
ٿĴһȴ¶һ˿Цݡƺʩչƽ絶Ǿظһ
˵ƽ絶ֵһ̣սѾˡ
ৣ
Ӳӵƽ絶һţգۼ䣬ͳַͷ·һ˲ͿԽ޾Ŀռ䡣
Ϊƽ硱ȻնƽնֶΡַеĸܵƽ絶вһ̣о
ƽ絶նôַҲ޷ֵɡĴղ˵ûһǰʡ
ǽһɱħɱħĿֲܡ
ַеȷ𾪡Ĵ㿴ƾУַûжʱʱ
һʱַ岢Ĵֵܵ
֮ǰַ͸оĴһ˿޵вԭΪʲôֶΣڿƽ絶ˡ
ɱңƾһƽ絶ԶԶ
ַһ˿âʱҲԥʱɽ鱩һ˲䱬˳
ʱ侲ֹ
ַһϵı鶼ԵЩûʱתΪҪܸ̫̫
ʱ侲ֹͬܵĸҪС˺ܶࡣ
䣡
ַʩչʱһ̣Χһз·𶼾ֹ׵ַֹֻܹͣеĸܵΧһС
ڽڷţһšַȴû˿Ķҡʩչʱ
Ѿȣ˿ʩչʱ򣬱ǰǿʮֹˣԥҪֹƽ絶ȴҲַ弸ĸɡ
ڣվǶסˣ
ƽ絶ַͷַĽ򣬽ֻм磬⼸磬ͷ·ǵһһ޷Խĺ蹵
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ַһȭҳɽХ֮ӿ
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Ĵڽ˲䱬ը磬ŽıΪҽ
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ֻٿ𣬻ûڶ磬ȴַӲڣֻʣǧ磬ַһץסֱӽڽ֮С
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ַʱһʱ侲ֹЧʧˡͬʱַץסƺ«֪ƺ«ǿƽ絶ġر
ֻϧر⣬ƺӦλ䣬ƺ«Ҳ˲ɢͷ·ѩڰ㣬ʧ֮С
꣡
һ̣ƽ絶ҲӦϣʧ


1419 ɨĴ
ˣ
ַ帺ֶվ֮Уַ⣬Ѿûˣ֮ǰڵһʣ
ǿ𰡣ǰèÿһλ֮⣬ÿһλǺİ
ڣİȴȫַСЩǧ磬Ҫʹոս٣Ѿˣνǳʦδ£¡޷ˡ
⡭
Բ𣬷·𶼲ǰһĻ֮ǰڶܹ֮⣬ƺƲɵ
ڣַȴһ壬ҽ𶼳նɱ
һսעҪڶ̫ˣ̫ˣսϢһַ֮ҲΪ磬еİڡ
Բ㲻û٣Щ˶նɱˡҪٿ𣬲֮ҲҪȥű̽鱨ȷûжˣͶű֡ΣǧűܲõϢ
ֳϷģȥ죡
Բһݣ֪һսǽǸոտʼһսǴȥǧű֪ܲѱٽ¸ࡢǿĶ
ַһ֮նɱ𡣵һ֮ԿűܲǣűܲλصĽ½ֻͶһ¶ûκֵܹס
ˣַ岢û˷ܣǸӵĽˡ
ԲҲ̽ȥʼеĹעű󣬲ȥ顣̷ַ֮ܲ뵽֮УҪٿ
ණֻٿַ֪͵ö˽һǧűٿ䲻ϵ⣬ַ岢⡣
һУ²ڣΪƿߣͲµ˲ڡ
ৣ
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ַЩ죬û뵽ٿȻôϡǧĶ֮ǰĿжӡмڷôˡ
ٿ̾һΪ֪һڽǾҲȥˡΪһλѵ֪ڽζʲôҸ޷κܣȻˣΪβϣֻڽжһʱ䡣гһգܹΪʱϣܹЧȮ֮ͣ
ٿˡ΢̬ȣȮ֮͡˵ˣ̫˾ˡ
ַһ˵ϣһҲǲԡȻֻҵڽбѹڣһ⣬ͻش𡣡
ʰɡ
ٿѾˣڽֻʣǧҵ磬ѵʲôˣ
ַڽУַһͷѹٿ
ǿϵűܲ
ܣűܲϢֻԼűѾɨֻʣһűϵܲˡ
Ŷô˵ֻҪҾűܲһűܲȡʱ䣬űܲٴͨͨӶ¸ǿ𡣡
ַǰһĵľűܲķӦϾȻűܲܽٿȶǾܹ¸ǿĴڡ
ַʵոֺɨ𣬵ҲԴ󵽾ܺɨűܲ
ǸͲܡ
ˣܹ£Ǿٺòˡ
ٿҡҡͷЦ˵Ѿˡַ壬ûлǣֻסǣ黹һ˿תءնɱƽ絶ˣûתء
ѵ㲻£
ַɱһٿæ˵ҲǸûáַ壬ƽ絶Ѿʧ˰ɣʵƽ絶ǽʹǣͬҲǼǡ˵ǽµĶĿƽ絶һ٣֪̾˲еĵˣȻƲ˲⣬綼ˣͲ
ǵ鷳ˡ
ַüͷٿӦòƭΪûбҪٿַУƭַʲô壿
ʵҲôģ֪һʱᣬҲ޷ˡ
ٿһַ壬ȻڣЦ˵


1420 ԪΣ
ŶΪΣ
ַЩ죬֪Ϊʲôٿô˵
ǺǣʵǧΰôУűΪΪֻⷽСǧ磿ǼֱشűĽǣսСǧмʮϰٸⷽСǧ磬ΪԪټ٣ΰĽǸͲôǽ١˵űѾ鲻ˣǶǲСǧȥˣһЩСǧϾԶԶӿ̲ݻ
ΰĽǣ޾Ǹ߸ϣȻ⣬Ҳƽһһصĵʧֻ֮߸ֻԺʱˣǿ뿪Сǧ磬ڳ˲ŻٴνٵⷽСǧ硣ҲץʱˣΣԪǰǿ϶жǲǿ٣
ٿȷûʲôķҲַ尵ͷַǣٿȻҲᵽ˼Ԫ١
Ԫ٣ַҲǸոصĹս֪ʲôǼԪ٣ַ岢ٿһܺõѯʶ
Ͼٿǧ磬һһλǿĽ£϶֪Сǧء
ǣַҲͲòֱѯʵٿղᵽ˼Ԫ١ҲǸողòŵ֪һԪٵϢԪپʲôֵΰĽǶǡ
ŶȻҲ֪Ԫ٣ǾٺòˡʵνļԪ٣һԪսᣬϯСǧĻ󳱣ͳ֮ΪԪ١
˶٣ٿĿһַ壬˵˵Ԫ٣͵˵ԪΪԪʵҲΰĽżᵽνļԪʵСǧҡĹ̡Сǧڤڤһתɣÿһʱ䣬ͻҡͻᱬԪ٣һУֻһЩ챦ԵĶԼܹסԪ٣ӶһԪ
ˣҲǹӲдֻʱΣհˡÿһμԪٶ쳣ȻܹȻȹɾ˵ˣÿһܹȹĶ𣬶޼һܱ֤ȻȹһεļԪ١
ַһݣѾԼףΪλйսĴˡ
սеЩǿڣһЩ۷Ϊʲôִսϧƴ
ǰַ岻֪ڣַȻһжˡΪǶʯӶΪܹȻȹһһεļԪ١
𣬾Ҳ޾ңڡڼԪ֮ʱȴһжΪһңɢ
Щ۷𲻸ĵԭˣƴһУҪǶʯƬսĲң˶
ַҲ³ƬսĶǣӦһԪϼԪǿߣûᵽǶʯ𣬶ѾڼԪˡ
𣬾һֱȥ
ַһ˿ȾغĲƽ
ǺǣһֱȥСǧȴվߵͷʱ򡣸ݽ˵һСǧ磬ֻоŸԪһԪΪʮǧ꣡һŸԪôСǧҲ᳹׻𣬵Ǹʱ򣬲ǶҲãҲաֻҪСǧУǾͶữΪҽСǧһᡣ
ŸԪ
ַĬЩأΪ֪ⷽСǧ羭˼μԪ٣ǵڼԪ
ƺַ֪뷨ٿҡҡͷ̾һҲǴСǧһߵزȻ֪ĹǡⷽСǧ磬ʵǶԸ⽵٣ΪѾھŸԪˡҲ˵Ԫ٣ǾյĴһСǧ綼ڡ
ַһȻⷽСǧѾǵھŸԪ˰ӭ𡣵ʱ򣬶ҲãҲգֻҪⷽСǧ統УڼԪ֮УûκͳͳҪΪһҡ
лİ취磬ֹСǧļԪ١
ַпɬΣⷽСǧ綼֮أĹ硣򲻵ѣǲ뿴ԼĹ绯ΪҽӴ˲ڡ
޽⣡ΰĽ£ȼԪ٣ҲΪȻѭڤڤе޷ֹͨ˵ϲʵڤڤеĴǰЩƿߣֺγǺͷһֻǱȷ˻ĸˡ
ٿҲ˸̾ϾҲƿߣ߸ϣڼԪǰҲһɰһ㣬ۡ
ԣһа취Ϊһֱڣ
ַ͵̧ͷĿһ˿â


1421 ֻʣʮˣ
취
ٿҡҡͷ漴¶һ˿Цݣ˵ֹԪٵİ취ȻûСתڤڤжһ˿ԪͬˡԪټΣͬҲǻ
Ԫ٣Сǧ籾Դ֡ƽʱСǧıԴǲֵģΰĽҲ޷ҵСǧıԴֻڼԪٳֵһ̣СǧıԴŻ֣ŴμԪ٣ͻ־ŷ籾ԴһμԪ٣̺СǧʣµȫԴܹõǽƿߣž޴ĺô
ŶѵܳΪɣ
ַãһΪ϶ܹסԪ١Сǧ𣬽ҲܰȻ򣬽ҲͲôȻˣƿ߷ΪеռĿꡣ

ٿɫһ漴ҡҡͷЦ˵ΪôܣһСǧ磬һܹһλһһСǧ籾ԴξһԾΪ˵ڼԪеõСǧ籾Դ½ֻһ֣ԴΪΰĽ򿪽ͨҽƿ߽뵽ǧ統Сһǧ磬û˼Ԫٵвˡ
ԭˡ
ַҲ˵ͷ⻹࣬һСǧ籾ԴһλǽҲֵ̫Ǯˡ
ýǧĻᣬȷһְ취
ֻǣְ취ĳɹҲܵͺܵ͡ȣÿסԪ٣ȻҪڼԪлȡõСǧ籾Դ
ûʵ붼롣ˣ⿴Ǹ취ʵϣַʵסԪٵʸûС
λȡȥȡСǧ籾Դ
취ʲô취ǧ磿
ַ廹Ǿ취ʵ̫Σգϣã
ûУСǧϣֻΰĽܹ򿪡ˣ۷ҲΪҲΪνܹȻ⣬߸ϵĸԭ򡣲ɽԶֻСǧ統С
ٿҡҡͷǴСǧУһһһԵɺϣǧ裬űĽϣֱӴǧ硣
ٿ컯ˣͶ̥ãֱӽǧ硣ĻҲҪСǧ統С
ȻһкܴļֵģЧҽпܱУӶǧ硣
һӾ͵սСǧ磬ԶҲ޷ɡ
ʵӣٿҲ͹ˡոһգ긴һ꣬ǻһһֱսȴûĸʱõɡ
ֱڣٿŸоɵı󡣵ڵӦ˽ŵԱӵǧ磬ô꣬ΪսСǧ磬ԾҲ˽Ķ顣ȴ޷ѽɡ
ڣٿ𿴵һᣬһɵĻᡣ
ǰַ壬Ļᣡ
Ϊٿôϡ˵ǧһЩء
ʵҲطաһнпܣοھԪٻкܳʱ䣬Żʮʱ䣬űĽ£ҲֻⷽСǧ粼ְˡԪ٣ʱűٵľͲЩˣЩ۷ϵǿֻǿ𣬲пڼԪУ¶ȡ㹻Сǧ籾Դ
ٿȻҲοַ塣
ʮʱôȷ
ַ԰ˣвŶꣿʱٵĻһ궼ԶԶ˵ʮˣޱȵʱ䡣
Խ˵ʮʱ䣬̫ˡˣʮ꿪ʼͿʼ֣Բű󣬲Żٿ˽١
ˣ˵˵ɣΪЩӦòֻΪ˱
ַ˽⵽һк̧ͷĿ⾼ĶٿɲţΪ˱ٿôϡַûѯʵ⡣
Ѿǡܹ͵˵ġ
ٿĿһַ壬漴͸¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ҲΪ˱Ϊ˰űĽɰ𣬿㶼ûʶϵǱжû´Ӧ棬ΪƿߵİɣǿŶʯ硣
ţ㿴ˣ
ַЩ⣬أ͸¶⣬˼ûô֡û뵽ٿˡ
Ȼ棬Ǿлᣬлᰡ
ٿַ׿ڳϣҲӵ˷ˡǻᣬĻᣬɵĻᡣ
Σ
ַüͷ治Ǳһôٿӣƺûô򵥡
氡㲻ϵǱж棬ǲ֮·ǣöʯƿߣֻƷ·֪Ҳ֡öʯٵƿߣ³Ϊ˽Ҳαֻƿߣɾ͵ĽĽ
ٿЦЦм˷ܣͬʱַ·̺һ˿


1422 α
α
ַɻ󡣽ѵαֲ֮ɣ
Сǧ磬֪Ҳα֮֡Ľ棬춨ʵĻڽĽԼ಻ͬĽȫΪһܹݻСǧ硣㿴Сǧ磬ĸֻһģ̺ٶ磬кã
ַǰһȷɻˡΪɶʯԭַʵֱӵ˺ܶŽ
ַֽеɻΪ˽⵽ƿߣû˭ܹɵڶ򣬻ߵڶֽ
һУȴַϣַšҲ͵ܣһֱĵֱһΣٿĴսַͷųֽĴ𿹺⡣
ͨղŵսȷ棿
ַ˼
֮ǰսߣܹжֽˡĽݻСǧ磬ӶΪСǧ磬ҼɳαֻǧټƵĵõһŽʯӶΪ
ΣֻҪõʯҲǽĽк𣿡
ַɲԡߴ󲿷ֵƿߣöʯ棬ֵƣϾƿߣûʲô̫𡣳ֻҪѰҶʯƷʵĶʯˡ
ˣǱʵΪһΪαǾͼˣΪڽһֱǹ̶ģɽʯ١ʯʵȻγɣĽҪܴĴۣԼʱ䣬ݻСǧ
һλĽһĽʯҲ޼ЩʯȴΪ֮͵ıһʹЩʯЩϵ𣬾лΪȴα
ңݻСǧˣȻʹһ˿ӡǡһʹãȡڵǶʯôΪαҲҪĽƿ֮С
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α
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ĽҲܱҪǿ󣬶ң׹뵽Сǧ統УҲܿסԪ٣һԪ
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ԣ֮ôɴıĽΪ϶ҽлΪĽһŽʯ㣬ҲܳΪα
ַƺϤٿĿġ
ٿԳƵЦЦʯο߸ϵĽãֻαԸΪֻǾúȻ棬ǽлΪĽʱҾܹλˣֻܹǰǧʱҡһλĽűĽҲΪһλĽ񡣡
ַ˵ͶٿĿģѾ֪ˡűĽ²ͣսСǧ硣
һСģͻ䡣
ӣٿϣӣϣܹ֮ǧ統ȥ
ƺһַܳΪһգͲˡһλܹƿСǧϣֱǰǧ硣
ҴӦ㣬гһܹǰǧ磬һ㡣
л𣡡
ٿַ幧һʧڸ磬Ӷֻǧˡ
δһλᣬһγװűĻᡣ
Ǹǻ˭˵
ַ彫ʶڽջأ漴˳˼С
δٿĿУ֪̫̫أԼһЩǧгʶҲСǧ磬һֱ۵⡣
Сǧ硢ǧ磬ַУô嫡أҲôңɼˡ
ݻСǧ磡
ַٿõһҪϢǾݻСǧ硣Ľÿһλ棬Ϊƿߣûʯ
ҪΪҪݻСǧ硣
ֻǣʲô̶ȲݻСǧ磿ָݻˣ˵ٿ֪¾Ҳһ֪
ΣַҲǴ֪ǰķ򡣺οڵ𶼲ǣ̸ݻСǧ磿
ȻűܲĽϾ˼ⷽСǧ磬ôҲó׽űˣ
ַһâѾ˾ϡ


1423 ȥˣ
ֳϡ
ûãԲǮҵַ塣
Բĳϵˣ
ԣűҫӼһ´һȫűǲȡƣЩӦð
Բɻ
űʱôͻȻ֮ȡƣǣҫѾ֪¡
ûʲôֵģҫ϶֪¡ҲգҫҵˣĳȥԲĳϣ֮Ҫ׼ȫ̽ű
ʲôű
Բ𶼻ûзӦǰЩʱգű󻹻Ҫ̲֮⣬ô֮ȥűˣ
Ȼ֪űѾַһɨ𣬶Ҹݵ飬űҲûĶ𣬿νʱ
ô˵űı󣬿СɽһǳӲһűܲǧ罵ǿ֮ɾ鷳ˡ
ǣԲ̲סѵֳϣ᲻̫ðˣȻɨ𣬵űǳ׻ű󣬿䱳űܲ᳹ŭʱɾǲˡ
ԲٽһĴ̼űˡ
ַȴ΢΢ҡҡͷһЦԲĹʵͲǹǡǰűͻ᳹׷½٣ҿɨűǣᣬֻȻ󱬷Ȼ˺Ƥʲôɹ˼ɵģοűܲҲûôáٿѾһж˵ˣڶű֣䱳ĽҲڲ֣ˣʱûκιǵġ
Բ죬ֹվʲôû˵֮⣬һжַ塣
ַȷǳ뵽֮Уֻǣȴűַͬ壬ַ峹׵Ľ֮С
ַȨѾȵĳҪǿ󣬳ҲѾʵ֮ԳĶƶȣƺַȫûá
Բʲôԭ򣬹ףʵַʵ̫ǿ̫ǿѾǿ˿һеĹһеˡ
֮еҲвַһָ
ֲ֮£ָ֮ǣסַ壬
ߣԲҲַ֪벻֮⣬֮벻ַ壬ˣҲֵַ֧塣
ãϾȥţ
ԲҲûκԥȻַѾ¶˾ģȫֱ֧ǡ֮һֱǵ͵£ǰĻ͵»ܱȫܹõȡ
ڣ֮Ѿűϣٵ͵Ѿûκ塣ȻˣԲַ壬һȫµ·
·ǻǾͿ컯ˡ
ַ岻֪Բô뷨û̫뷨űڲввűܲԼԪ٣
ʵַеҪǿʵ
ƬսһѡַܸоƬս׺̺ڶĶʯһ׺еĶʯַʵһܹͻͽ
ַʵʮһܹסƬ׺ĹӶ׺еĶʯ
ڣַҪľǿʵ
ʮűַܲܲʮʱ䡣űܲвǼԪٵвַ嶼Ҫٵǿʵ
ôžַΨһһѡˡ
Լÿһ̲ͣռٶʯֻн֮⣬ͣΧܹΧڵĶʯͳͳչεԼǰӶʵ
һĿַ꣬ͷűϡ
ȥˡ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ漴ӰһѾ뿪֮⡣

űҫҵС
ңҫԴ죬ˣǳİȫҲҫǧűܲϵĵط
ʮ죬Ѿȥʮʱ䣬ܲȻûκλӦ
ҫţҲһ
ʮǰѾ֪֮һս߱ٿȥ֮⡣
սأ
ȫûֱ˼飬Ϣҫ𣬵һͷȻǲšţ𣬶Ҿ߱ҲǴǧ罵ٶ
𣬴ǧ罵ٶ׷ΰĽ£ֲ˼ֶεĸǿߣȻַһɨ
췽ҹ̷ҫλţ
ʱƣҫջˣΪʵ
ǣʮǰҫѾűķߣҵһʱǧܲ㱨
ֻǣʮʱȥˣܲȴûκεĻӦ
ֻһֿܻǾǧܲҲ޲ߣ
鷳ˣ֪ܲʲôԭڶûκλӦҲ޲ߡűһλûУǳΣաϣ֮λ˼ɣ˺Ƥɣ򣬺롣
ҫѾǧܲʲôϣˡֻܡ󡱣֮Уλйġѡܹ˼ǧűܲ
ҫ뵽ԺеǵӰԷĻ˼
ҫ𣬺ܾûˣǷɰ
ȻҫĶһİдһ˿Ϥҫɫһ͵̧ͷɨֵһӰ㳹׵ĳ˹ȵס


1424 ţ
¡
ҴŴ򿪣ҫоֱ˳վŵǵϤӰϵıʮֵĸӡ
ʱԷԸ޶̣תۼ䣬ȴжһΣű뵽ΣС
վˣ
ҫ̾һҡҡͷЦ
ҫ֪ҪȻˣҫҲӦ֪ĳĿˡ
ַͬͥɢ㣬ƺûűܲ·ԼһңַĵǱȻҲû˷֡
ĿģűôҪ֪űı󣬴ʲôûһ˼ɣҺôҲǺȰ㣬Ҫȡ
ҫ񽥽ܵʲôʱţűܲһӲ
˼ɣҵȻй˼ɡҫ𣬵ôˣӦҲϵǧܲ˰ɣΣ룬ǧܲҲûʲôӦűܲҲ֪һǱλΰϾⷽСǧˡܹλ𣬱ѾǼˣ֪˵Ŀɶԣ
ô֪
ҫһ䡣ЩűԵأַô֪˭й¶˳ȥ
֪ʵҽű󳹵׸𣬽ͨҲ򿪡
ҫȷ˵ʵΰĽⷽСǧ磬ˣ綼´򿪽ͨʱ¶޷ѽµ׷ɱֻնɱλһһЩأǴݻű󣬳׻˽µļƻµŭܲ𣡡
ҫɲϷ롣
ַȴ벻⣬Ц£ԭǧҲнΣԭҲױݻˣһۼû¡Ҳ̫߿ԼˣⷽС磬ֻҪûԪ٣ǵĽ»ΪǶ󶯸ɸꣿ
ȻԪٶ֪տ϶޷ˡ
ҫ𻺻Ŀڡַ岻֪Ԫ٣֪ǧôҫûܡסһַ塣
ڿַǧ磬ԼԪٶһ޷סַ塣
Ҳգ븲űǾ͸ɡ
ҫͷҲϣˡַ֪ǲܷŹģԭܼ򵥣űΨһܹϵǧˣ˭ַ嶼Ź
ȻˣҲͲνˣ˳Ȼ
ҫҺ㣬ʹȻˣ
ַҡҡͷҲЩȻ漴һֲ֣֮ͬһѹ
أ
ҫĽ򣬸ֵַһڽ˲ַ֮ѹ֮£Ϊ촷ۡ
űһҫ𣬾ʹ䣡
˭˭ҵУ
ԣҫķ򡣡
ҫôˣ

ַ岢ûĶܿ죬նɱű£Ѿűˣһʱ䣬ƿ߻񣬽ַΧ
ַȴ޾⣬ǿһܵƿߣ˵űԼӽű󲻸ڣ
䣡
ַûжĻȫơ
ǧ磬ƺƺƵĳ˷ϯȥʮ򡣼ű󣬶ַҲַܵĿֲơ
ƣ̫嫣̫Ӵˣ˵սȿֲƣֵûС
ͬʱԲҲڶϣԼ֮ĳԱǣɱű󸹵أ˶֪űȥͬ޶һ޶̣ҲһϦ֮
޶̣ڣֵű

űȻǺףʵ಻һѡ
֮ǰű̲޶ֱ̣磬һôھͺȻˣڵĶԼˡ
һЩԣҲĴ
֮⣬ַ壬ĴűܾͰַһ֣֮ˣֱַ죬ڸ֮Уƴ
֮ǰֻǲǰˡˣܿͽűȫֻչεĶʯַܲ⡣
űжʯһ𣬾ȻֻչεҵĶʯ
ʵ⻹ǵַűս޶̣Ѿչһ飬ˣʯŻô١
ţѾ֮뾡һа취չεģûŶ˵ַȻ⣬Ҳ֪űĵȷȷֻôĶʯˡ
Уʯ̫٣Ҳһһ㣬ƽֻʮʱ䣬٣չθĶʯС
ַǳ⣬ҲнȸС
ǣַ忪ʼţ
Χʲô֮ⶼ޼ɵšңΪչεЧʣַҲſ
Կͷϳ֮⣬ֱ֮ӹϽһ㣬Ǿжʯ÷ϡ֮ĳԱִС
Щ˾ַ̫֮ԵˣַԳ֣˼ŶһĴ󣬾Ҳû˸֮Կˡ
ħֱַӳֱ֣ݻ١ɣ䵱ڽ籾Դ
ţɱͻĴͻ
֮ķţҲһ˿ѷɫűǿ


1425 ȥһ
ˣһѷűӴҲǧܲΪ֧ţһֱѸ͵š
ңűɲֵʱ硣ⷽСǧ磬ǧĲ֣űҲֻǲֺܳٵˡ
ԭ˾űԶַ̲֮űŵĲԶűˣѾŵ˵Χ
ȻչҪͻ
˵ĴУڶƿߣ˵ĺĸ߲㣬˵ʵƿߣҲǶĶѾⷽСǧܳʱˡ
λҲ˱ǿʢԭ
˿̣λϵı鶼Щء
λ˵˵ɣ֮񣬲ƣǸô죿
˵ĵһ˵
һк֣֮ܶȨʵǿߣǵһΪڶ
ĿǰҲֻλͳͳǶ
һ֮ⲻСǧһȻűҿűܲһ޶ԣʱ˽ͨҲòǷӦ֮ͳԲ˶ߡ
һλһ˵֪űıǺεȿֲǧ磬ű˶Ҫǿơ
ǿɲţűܲ޶ԡ
һһһһҲһںģһ֪е飬ɵҡҡͷָűˣҵõ鱨űĽûнĿעⷽСǧ硣ңԪٻʮҵʱ䣬ΰĽ˵гʱԲ֡ĿǰűҲ˿ã¶ʱڣű󶼲ٿͨˣǱ֮в
ڶ𶼳ĬȻһˣǾ;д
λʵǴɲص֮⡣ҵĵ飬֮ʵǿиɣֻһǶҲ֮Ψһ֧ߡһ˺ַ壬ô֮ⲻв෴ܻһֻ򡣡
Ҫַ壬ѣűп߱𣬵ַȴ߱նɱˡҴ֮⴫Ϣű󵱳ǽĴ𣬼߱ȴַͳͳնɱˣȸˣöԸ
һЩ
ٺ٣֮⴫Ϣ㶼ţô˵ʮһЩСǧ֪ǿ󣿾ǻܶ𶼺ѣҪնɱҪʮһַ壬Сǧ籾նɱǧ췽ҹ̷֮ΪԼ𣬿ʰˡ
ԣԣҵͲôţ𶼺ˣοնɱǸַ壬һЩʵܹնɱ߱𡣵ǾǿˣοűҲûдʲôٵķ
˵𶼲Ϊ⣬ǿʡ
ʵϣ˵ǿԴΪǺ֪ܽжôǿžַսЩţŵЩ̫ʵ
ңҲͬһЩ顣ЩϢǴ֮ڴģűһƬƽƺûϢ
Ҳѹ֣ٿȶ𣬶ܽٵűġ߱Լűҫ⣬˵ȣ֪űĴ
ҲűԱܣٿ˽ٺһʱȥ֮⣬ԭΪɽַ壬˭뵽𣬼ȫû
ˣű󷴵ûдϢ
˵ǣȥűȻҲһˡ˭ֻ֮⴫ϢԿ֮ӡ
ҪҪǧ㱨ǧ綯һ鱨һűٵҲȫ׼
飬ǧ㱨
һǧǵİţ¾ͲҪˣǧű󣬸Ͳܡ㱨ȴбҪϵΰĽµĲ֣ǲκʧ
͵۷׷֮ʱڶڵȥһַɣܴǿҲãǿʵҲաȥһᣬȻһˡ˲ʧµļƻҲʧػˣܲűĺ󳾡
ڶԸǰ֮⣬ȥһַ壬ڶҲֹͣۡɵڶλȥһַ壬Ȼٺòˡ
ҲգڶСĽûбҪǲҪַಫ֪ĵϸˡ
ڶ˵ͷ漴վֱӻΪһ⣬ɳˡ


1426 ƲֻӲϣ
֮⣬֮С
ַǰѻɽĶʯһһţҡ
ʱջűûջ٣ֻ˼Ŷʯִַš
ܱߵȡǿӲʩ𣬳ĳȻ֮ʵʿЩкܳһξ룬ַߣҲʵȫƿأֻǱϳɡ
ֻҪЩܹ϶ʯ
İ취ȷЧܱߵַļ֮󣬶ٷˣ׷׷еĶʯ
ٳɶ࣬ɳ
Щɢҵпֻһ򣬵ȴ٣һҲַܷ㡰չΡ˰ǧŶʯ
ȻǧŶʯַݺһ֮ϵΧʮϣܹõôĶʯ
֮ԭűʵܹҲͼˡҲ˵֮ʵеΧȫյҲͼ
ģȴǡ֮Ҳ뵽֮ͳϽΧ֮ڣʵ֮ȴûвЩʵ
һֵķΧ֮Ȿʮϣǧ
ÿһֻǻһŶʯҲܿ͹ۣﵽ˰ǧŶʯ
ַڵ籾Դɳ㣬ˣǧŶʯܿͱַڽС
һ絮ӻ֮Сַڽ
һ졢졢졭
תۼһµʱ䣬ַȫǧŶʯˡܹ˽һڸ磬ڽҲǧﵽǧ
ʵٶ֮죬ֱ˼
ֻǣΨһеϧǣַΧͬѩһţҲϳ֮⣬ӶôϢĻᡣ
ַȴûлκһŸƷʵĶʯһһǶʯûС
ȻЩʧַҲվˡڹսУһһŸƷʵһǶʯֻǻԵ컯ˡ
ʵϣں嫵ĽУһǶʯ˭ǵõˣ˭ᱣҪԼʹãҪǴ£ܵõһλһ£ֶΪ
սһȥܴһԪʱ䣬ŵôƷʵĶʯ
ַҵڹսĵطºˡ
ˣΨһİ취ţ
һѡţǾͲɱ⣬ˣעһƽ̹·
ֳϣ鷳ˡ
Բ⣬ַ崫
¡
ַңһصԲɫƽʵԲк鷳
ֳϣ֮ţΧɢͳͳ֮ĴǣѾ쵽˵Χ£Ǻⲻһͻ
ˣ
ַоâһ
ԣˡ䱳ͬǧ֧ţңĿǰλűͬһΣգܿǧ㱨ֱӴ򿪽ͨ
ԲѾַ֪ġĿġˣҲ˵úõһЩص鱨
ǧĲô
ַ˳˼ʵϣѾʶٵڽУֱٿǰ
ٿ𣬹ˣ֪٣
ֱַ˵ʵ
ˣ鷳ˡ
ٿַһۣҲûӣֱӻشǧʵʲôֻһλű󲻿Ტۡ˵ܾͲôˣ൱鷳Ϊ˽ֻһ½õĽûս̫Сǧ磬ⷽСǧ൱ءⷽСǧ磬Ѿ쵽Ԫ٣Сǧ籾Դܶ࣬˵Ľأľڲ֡ĻͲȥˣݷչ
鷳
ַüͷԭΪ˲ʲôڿ˲鷳űҪѲ
ܲСǧ֧֣ҪԶԶűַһУǾͲֹҪСǧˣĿܣֱǧܲ
һͨήʲôǿߣ˭Ҳ֪
ƿˣǸͲܡַԶʯУһˣޣʮʱеʲôز𶼳ɲˣ˵ȹԪˡ
ȻƲˣǾֻӲˣҲţһСǧ磬ܲͶô޴ǽֻͶȼǲͲ˰ˡ
ַһ˿â
ΣǧΣ
Сǧ磬ַҲȫûһƴ֮


1427 Ӧ
Ҿ˵˵пǲЩ٣
ַٿѯʣٿҲ֪١ǧ磬ű˶ûʲôٿô֪˵ľ
ٿҲᵽһַǰһ
𣬼ǿͨƿСǧ磬ҲҪķѴǻ͵ƿԽǿôҪԽӴ󡣱磬һЩͨ΢΢͵һЩһǾҪ΢еġ
ǶĿɾʹˣҲڳܵķΧ֮ڡҶҲڽ̶ȣʮڼΪʮڼ£ĶԽ˵Ҳ̫󡣽ټʮϰ𶼲⡣ʮڼϣļͳʮٱĵ˵ЩڼǧڼϵĿֲˡ
֮󣬼ֱһĽ٣ضԴؼʱ̣Ụ١Ϊ̫̫űĽҲֻڼԪ֮ʱŻķѾ޴ۣСǧ磬ΪСǧ籾Դ
ַ˵ͷЩ׽Ǵ򿪽ֶͨˡҶڽٷʽȵȣҲһֱ۵˽⡣
ٵԽǿԽ˵ľԽ˵Ļű˵ȵͽСǧ˵Ѿ
ˣѵСǧ磿
ַ뵽һֿܣԪ٣һ٣˭ԵֵǼֱɨ޵УԪеСǧ籾Դǿֵ
٣
ٿ΢΢һ㶣漴ҡҡͷôףĻСǧлǽߣȻСǧ磬ԽЯĿֲһ˿һһСǧ磬ʲôСǧ磬˲ʱǽҲ޷õСǧ籾Դкã
ԭˡ
ַϾûм֪ġֲ˲ŻôЦ⡣
ȻʮڼϣýʮٱģôкܴĿܣ̤ˣô˵ĽͨٵҲֻʮڼµĶ𡣡
ðգοһνٵȷпʮڼµ𣬵նɱԷ𣬵ڶΡΣпܽʮڼϵ𣬵ʱ㻹Ӧ𣿡
ַ˳Ĭٿ˵ȷпܳΪʵ
鱨ĲԵȣַӦԵЩãȻ֪˵ʵϾǿǧ硣
ҲǧܹСǧ粻š׳ԭСǧ籾еǿߣΪ֪ǧήٶǿߣɵ
㵱ʱǧֻǽһʵΪǣɺ˸ȥЩǧ⡣
ǧ壡
ȻַҲ־У˽ͨʵʵڵġ塱ַ岻òضԴ
ʵ
ַĸоʵܹǿﵽʮڼڼǧڼﻹᱻס
ַüͷ壬һڤ˼ӣٿԺһƺ뵽ĳ
ƺҲȫûа취
ţ
ַ̧ͷٿ𣬼æʵа취
ٿüͷһ˵ʵҲ˵ǰ취ðյĻҲûлᡣһٶȹ죬ܽ˵Ķһ𳹵նɱô˵ĽͺܿʧȥӦꡣҪ򿪽ͨҲûһʱѰⷽСǧ硣ҲǶʱĻᡣ
£ҪӦСǧ磬ǽƿߣ
ԣʵϽӦٵƿߣӶܹʱصĸӦСǧλáܲСǧλãһɲ䣬ǲڱ仯һʧȥ˸Ӧ͵úķһʱȥѰҡλãܹҵãҪʮꡢϰʱܹҵҪٵСǧ硣ҲΪΣǶǰһЩ͵Сǧ統в֣ΪʱӦСǧλãӶܹڼԪٵһ̣ٶǿ𣬴ӶСǧ籾Դ
ٿĻַǰһ
ƺһ취ַҪľʱ䣬ǼԪ٣ǧַҪԸҪʱɳ
Ӽ꣬ʮϰʱ䣬ַԣǷǳشġ
Ȼַ۾΢΢һУĶٿ𣬵ͳô˵űĽҲܸӦ㣬ʱⷽСǧλãӶ򿪽ͨ
ٿƺϵַдһʣûκԥ˵ͷ̬̹Ȼ˵ĿǰֻһţܸӦңӶӦⷽСǧλáɱңô¾뿪ͨҲٵõϼʮʱ䡣
ٿûκǳ̹Ļ£ַٿ֮ҲѸٽ˱㣬Щš


1428 Ҫʵ
ãַſڵٿ𲻱ؽţ̹˵أĳ侮ʯİɣٿĳɻкܴãʱ򣬻õٿ𡣸οĳѾӦٿǾͲɱ㡣
ʵٿҲ̽ȻַӦҲַ֪Ϊô̽ӣַһɱǾ͵һķգɲΪӡ
֮̽ٿҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ᱻ֡Ȼᱻ֣ô硰̹סպַ¼ɣǲǵòʧ
лˣģ㲻ɱңýʱӦⷽСǧ磬Ҳ˿ãټڣʮڶܴͨͨ
ַ˵ͷʱ䣬ѾƾԼѰҵⷽСǧλãˣɱٿҲûκô
෴ܹٿַܹ֪ϵأԼǧ鱨
ˣٿʲô⣬㡣
˵ַ꣬彫ʶջڡ
۾ַ˳˼
ٿ˵ʵҲǲܽˣҲҪеһķգұ֮ƣڵĶһ򾡡
ֻǶ𣬱ȵƿߵľЩƿǴǧ罵ٶ
ֻнЩǧ罵ٶƿߣͳͳնɱô˵Ľ޷ӦⷽСǧ硣
Ҫ٣Ҳúķһʱ䣬ټ꣬ʮʱѰⷽСǧľλá
Ҹᣬץסеĸ߲㣬ȷе鱨©κηҲܷŹκһǧ罵ٵƿߣ򣬽һܹץеһλõĽ
ַţҲ¶˾ġ
ЩðգԪüޣַȴòȥðա
ֳϡ
Բ𿴵ַ˳˼û˶˺ܳʱ䣬Բ̲סѡ
ţ
ַ忴һԲ漴ʵԲһ취Ҫϣ֮ϡ
ʲô취
ټˣڣǴǧ罵ٵСǧģͳͳҪһܷŹǴһǾд鷳ˡ
ַ֣µ˵
⡭Щѡ
Բҡҡͷͬʱ΢һַôʣѾ˾
ѣҲҪȥ
漴ַ㽫ٿڽҪӦܹҵСǧλõġء߸Բ
ԲҲǰһȷһð취ܹȡʮʱ䡣
ˣ
ʱԲƺõ˴ѶԲɫĹŹ
£
ַ忴һԲ
ˣ
˭
˵ĵڶ𣡡
ַԲһЦ˵ͷǲȥһˣʡ
ˣҪ֮𣿡
ַҡҡͷ̶֮ûκ壬ˡȥһ𣬿ʲôĿģܹȻٺò
ַҲ󶯸ɸ꣬ðŴŭһλΣգˡ֪ˡĿ΢΢
Ҫ˹ԹԵķжʯǸͲܡ
ˣ¶ֵĸʺܸߣΣַҲȥһλڶ

ֻһ֮⣬˵ԭűܲ
ﻹźǰһķֻѾˣűⷽСǧѾڡ
ûڶǰǣؾصİݷãǸ֮ӡ˵Ǹַӡ
һλȴ𡱵֮⣬ҲΪ֮Ѹַġ̫ʢ
ܣҲĳĿģһҪɱַλƷűĴڣҲܺ棬ȻҪһ
Զ֮֮
ȻӰȻַԲ
λؾǺַ˰ɣ
һ˲䣬Ŀַϡ
ȻӦȻ޷ӦַľʵҲܸӦַӿȵĿֲԶһ𡣶֮֮һλ𣬺ʣһǺַˡ

ַ嵭һ֣λϡҲڴ𣬵û֣޷Էĵϸ
Զ֪Ϊ£
ַʵ
ֻһЩС°ˣ֮˵һЩ򣬶һЩĦìܣΪ˶ϣܹһЩìܾס
ϿңַЩ⣬ѵҪ
ϸһЩԾҪͲһǰˣҲҪһЩ˵ĸ߲ǰ
֪δ
ַƽʵ
ʵܼ򵥣ల£ԼµĳԱΣ
ַ֮⴦ڹƣ˴ƣలԸ⿴ģַԸ⿴ġ
ҪలҲףӦ֪ڴռʯֻҪԸжʯܽҲãʽҲգ֮Ȼల¡
ַ˵ֻҪʯ
ʯ
üͷȻַ֪ڴռʯ
ֻǣʯ⽻׻߹׸ַ壿
˵ЦˣôƿҪʯⶨʯġ
ô˵ûˣ
ַһ䣬˫ţձĽ
һ˿â漴һһ˵˵ʵǿǶеٮٮߡǺܺ棬Щս⣬֪ɷ
𱾾ַ̽ʵʱҲͲίߣֱ˵˵
ţȻ𿪿ڣǾԸ
ַͷҲʱףģ̽ʵ
󣬻ǵÿʵ
ﲻʩչȥȣ
ַӰһҲԥֱӾͷɳ˴
ಣ
ҲѸٵķ˽ȣһʱ䣬ӰڽңңεҲͷ˳ϢĽš


1429 ѹ
˽Уչֳ˵ڶơ
ϵƣɽ纣Ԩֱ޾ƺƵ΢һ£Ϣ
ҰĲ̤ƽű󣬾Ϊ޵ˣҲ̫Сǧˡ˲ű˾𣬶ΰĽ£ʱԿͨˣĪΪűһҲ̤ƽˣȰ㣬֣Ϊʱҵǧĵ̣Զ󡣡
ƺƵ·ޱȵĺô󡢻ֺ롢ʥ
ոջԵúǫ͡òһӱðʮ㣬졣
ǧ罵ٵƿߣٶһЩ̬ԽУҲˣھҪַ忴塰ʵַʵʵĴ㡣
ôĳһԣֻǣֻʵĳ»ʧ
ַ۾΢΢һУƾϳȴ޶ԣͬ籩еĽʯһ
ţ
һݣַ˼ԤС
ɣҪ㾿кֶΣ̤ƽű󣿡
ȻҲ̬Խַ廹ʮֵĽ֮ǰҲ̬ôǫˣʹˡ
䣡
ƺƵ֮ϯ𳹵ױȫһڰǧϵ磬ͷ
ʵԶԶű߱Ҫǿ
ֻϧ𲢲֪űλ٣лٿ𣬷϶ôš
磿
ַҡҡͷԭΪ𵥶һǰ϶̣ҲӦڸ磬û뵽һڰǧ硣
ڸ綼ûУʵַѾնɱҪǿ
ҲգȻģĳͲˣ㲻̽ڣĳ㿴ɡ
ַоâһڽ͵ıƺƵϢϯ֮ӿȣ˲գﷶΧĽȶͨУγһ޴ġΧ
⡭ܣ
۾·һ
ַͷӰƺƵֱ֮޾·һϯ
һ硢硢硢硭
תۼ䣬ַͷӰѾﵽǧĳ̶ȡ̶ֳȵֱӿȣѹһС
ɫ䣬ͲţһСǧôһӱͣһڣǧ磡
ǧУʵҲռһϯ֮ˣ
𿴺ǧڶ࣬Ҳ١ʮڼ£뻹һЩһ𡣶ǰֻСǧв֣ҲǲǿĶ
ڶѾǺܰȫˣ㹻ı֤ϾǧҲͶڼԪ֮ǰԲ˵սˡ
Ҳ֮ǰűǿȴһֱûжֵҪԭ
СǧıҲǿߣǿȴϡ١һ͵ˣʮڼϵıʵ̫ϡˡ
˭뵽ܳһλ̥˵صƻߡ
ַ壬һ̤֮ƽűǧ磬Ժɨ󲿷ǧˣڼԪ֮ǰ˭赲ַ壿
У̵ߣ㱨£ý¿ͨǿѹַ壡
һʱ˾׼ߡ
һλǧǰ߲һ˵£ο𱾾̽ڣѾַ̽ʵҲ˵ˡ
ǣ֮һȻΪһ⣬źٳ롣
ߣһЩ𣿡
ַǼһ˿Цݣ漴Χȿռ֮˲䱬˷γһŴݺݵĳȥ
䣡
֮໥ײػַӲƴһǣױ˴֮Ĳࡣ
һӲ˲ʧǧϣڽڳ𵴣ÿʱÿ̶
һ֮£ش

ַûзŹĴ㣬ҲûʩչʱҲ뿴ƾڵʵܲһλ
أ
ַ񱩵Ĺޱżÿһײʧء̶ʱڣʧһڸ磬ֻʣǧ磬䵽һĳ̶ȡ
ɡ
ַ֮һ׾ͽڽ

𷢳һҽУȴַֹ֮˲ûַڽУٴλָƽ


1430 
ڽУһľɥǿ־壬ֻǣѾܵشѾ䵽һ𣬶ַҲвַ˿̵ڽ׾ѹˣ㽫ѹڽУҲûκΣա
֮ûնɱҲַҪõ𣬻ôĿУ֪дǧ罵ٵľ
ৣ
ַӰ֣Ŀ
û뵽㻹ǲһ
ַġȴûжŭѪɫԵúɥǧ簡ַʵ֮ǿκ˶ûϵޱȵ𾪡λ˵ڶȻ޻֮ѹˡ
˶Сˣû뵽صô
ôĳأǲյϢô
ַһ֣ٿӰˡ
ַ֮ǰٿõİ취ٿȴȰ˵𣬶ٿҲԸ£аȰ˵˵˵ľ
Ȼٿܹ˵ַҲֵʡ£ԣٿ
ţǣ
ʵʶٿ𣬵ֱǰͻȻֵӰ򵥡
ٿ΢΢һЦ𣬱űٿݡ
űٿݣû˵űֻ߱ҫ𡭡ԣűǧ磬һλٿѵǧٿ𣿡
ɫ͵һ䣬ƺ뵽ʲô¶˲˼֮ɫ
ٰҾٿ𡣲ںһֻǽ֮ˡ
ٿҲ󷽵̹ʳϡ
һţ޻ɡٿͷųǷǳټĹ򣬾ģ¡
ĵȷȷٿ
Ȼٿʵ̫ǿʮڼµĶУҲС٣˵ٿ
˽⵽ٿҲϵ磬˭뵽ٿ𶼳ַĽ֮
ˣ֮֮ǰһЩţűλ𣬵߱һܹȴַһ˺ɨԭΪ޻̸֮ǶûеõκϢֻǴ֮д֮ڿʡڿ֮ûпʣӦİɣ
ٿšȻ򡱣ƺ֮ǰĴҲʵ
ٿҲֱӵ˵ͷģϼỨһǧ罵٣û뵽һ˺ɨҲ˽֮Ҳúڻź෴Ҿúҡ
ң
ЦΪһĽ֮ٿΪ˱ʲô涼Ҫˡ
ЩмٿַͬڽѾˡ䡱׼
Ͳ׺𵽵ʲôˣϣжôֲǱ
漴ٿһһʮַΪƿߡܡ߸ˡ̹ϡҲޱȵ𾪡
Ȼ֪桱ζʲô
ҲĹҲҰĲ֮ˣڽֻ𣬵ȴҲΪǽ
½ֻα
ֻǣҲĹ϶޷˽µۣҪ˵Ľ´һŽʯڳ˵Ρ
Ϊֹ˵Ľ£ҲûһŽʯˣ˵ĽҲΪһʱ䣬һŽʯ¾ͿҪ
ΪŽʯ֪жٶ۷ͶûϣܹΪαҲ֮͡
Щ۷ֲοõʯһӶܡ
ڣٿȴһᣬͶַ塣
ͶһλǱ޴пܳΪƿߣַʵСкңԶľ롣һεļԪܲܿ˵
ֻ֮һĻᣬҲǻᰡлܱûлҪáΣ֮ʾַ壬ַ塣
һַΪ˽ôҲǡ
뵽βĶʧȥϣڣϣǰһλδЧպпһԾΪ߸ϵĽ
ò˵ĶˣٿҲǻ뷨šַ壬صİַ¡
ΪͬǴǧ罵ٵĶٿ˽ǧǵ̬ˣа˵
ûãٲȻѾ¶˾ġ
ݼ𣡺ʲôұض֪޲޲
ַ˴ٲȻѾַ峹׳ˡ


1431 
ַЩ죬Ȼô͡ˣңӣǳġϿҡԲʲôٳûκ塣
ַڽûʲôסַ塣ˣַûпȥٿġȰ˵ʵϣٿ֮ĶԻַ塣
ַ忴ٿ˵ǣǿտڰ׻ȫڻһΪպδ
ֻΪַһλƿߣ֮һĻΪ˶ѡַ嶼ûиκγŵٿͬûС
ַԼԼܷΪûκΰգΪķϣ
ƫƫһſϣĴȴ˵ˣķڷ׳
ʧȥϣĴͳƿߡҲ֪Ƕôܹһϣĸϣ̫ãֻҪһĻᣬǶץס棬ǾδܵĽӣΪ֮һϣ󲿷ƿ߶ѡԥȥһġ
ƺַ֪еɻٿַ崫͡
ַҲ˼ĵ˵ͷСˡ桱Ӱ죬˵СЩǧĴͳƿ𣬶ڳΪĿ
½ֻα
ƿߣʵᣬ෴غأصַ嶼ûʶжôġҪ
ҲǡˣַҲͿԷĴ󵨵ִнļƻȻǰдǧ罵ٶƿ
УжǴǧ罵ٶ
ֱַ˵ʵ
Ҳַ֪ļƻǺԥĻشжϽµĸӦǾͱýеƿߡĿǰУڣҲͳͳǴǧ罵١һȫӶ齨ӴˣǣôȻҲ޷ӦⷽСǧˡ
ţô򵥣
ַЩ˼飬ȻֻˣƺҪ򵥶ˡ
ԣô򵥡ֻԵģСǧУ˭Ҷ˶֣Ͷ֮£Ǻܰȫġ˺ĳ֣еƽ⣬ңʵȺžü򵥡
ַ˵ͷȷʵǿ𣬶˵򵥡ƿأ
ǾǸ߸ϵİ˵նɱܶѡ
ʣλʵΣ
һӵǧ磬ڵֻһǧ磬𶼿ԶԸ
ַ˵ͷֻҪ⣬ôˣӦǲˡ
ַ뵽һ⡣
նɱ˵һеڶڽУܱ˽Ӧ
նɱ˵һʲô壿
ַԥʱ˵ڽܹ¸Ӧʵܺýƿûа취ԡ
Ŷʲô취
ܼ򵥣⣡һ⣬ҵͻᱻڽֻؽ磬ĥ鶼ĥǾʧȥκӡǣǽ£Ҳ޷Ӧ
ַһݣⲻ£鶼ĥǾͿˡȻ޷ӦΪǾ
ˣ
ַüüͷ
䣿ɣͨƿߵڣǵȷˣԶҲûл١棬ϣΪĽǾͲһˡĽݻڽ򣬽ݻСǧ硣Сǧ磬ʵϺСǧ磬Ѿûκ𡣵ʱֻҪһͷڽУĥ飬Ҳؾ飬ҵļѣǸʱҲ൱¡˹
ַһ𣬾Ȼط
֪һƿߣ߽ǲܵƿߵģһ޷ƿߣǳѣҪһҸҪǣڽͻ
ĽݻСǧ磬ǾͲһˡСǧڣɿԳѡ
ȻǰǽԸԸ˳ѡ
һЩˣ˴󹦣ȻҲԸⳬѣʧһˣֵһᡣ
ַٿѯʣȻõٿĿ϶ٿʾַһðգٿҲԱ⡣
ǳַһˣַ彫ûгΪĽݻСǧ硣ݻСǧ磬ûŵԣؾ飬ǵļ䣬Ǿ൱ڳˡ
ַ峹һҲڶģ
ַ嵱Ȼûͬٿ⣬űĽҲϾ˼ⷽСǧ磬ַ廹طõٿ
ַ֣µ˵ˣģĳ֤гһգݻСǧ磬ضؾ飬ļ䣬㸴
к仰Ҿͷˡ
˵꣬ʹ񱩵ַڽҲ޷ɣֱӽ֮Ų˳ȥ
ֻʣ飬漴ַҲ飬ֻؽ磬׵ĥַ嶼޷ӦκϢ
ˣַֻڳΪĽڽݻСǧʱؾ飬


1432 ǡͨ
鱻ĥַҲ̾
һһ翵ĳŵȻĸԸı⣬һһλ𡣡
ֱַڣҲ޷ָоҲϣ翵һŵĳ˵ϡ
ʵ̫ûбˡ
ʵѾûѡˡ䣬һϣѡʲôԶοһλδһλӣѺעˡȻֻҪԸһ͵λһʱնɱǺпܴϢʱλһֱעⷽСǧĽܻһЩӦӦ
ַ˵ͷԸűȫһλ⣬ҪģӦǧλ
ֻʱ䣬׽һնɱˣȷж˽ĸӦ
һϸƶԣҲ
ַ忪ʼ۾Բϸٽ鱨ģַҲγһսƻ
ֻǣһսҪּǾֻһ֣죡
쵶ն飬ֻп죬ܹλûзӦʱ׽նɱڴϢ
ַ鷳ɾʹˣ

ˣһֱעű򡣻˵֮ΧʲôΪֹƺûκѶϢ
ѾһʱˣڶΪλûѶϢ
ڡΣһʱ䣬㹻̽ˣ̽ɹҲᴫѶϢ߷ء
ΨһĿܣ鷳ˡ
ԺܵͣǺˣǿ˵ĵڶʵȵҪǿڽڸ硣
㲻УҲǴ´࣬˭նɱ𲻳ɣ
һλһ˵λ֮ڵ̽ӣҲûз֮ʲô
ˡ
ڶüͷһҲ⡣ţҲգǰ֮ˡ
ٵȵȣڶܿͻᴫѶϢˡ
һ˵׼ٵһȣٵȲϢ͵ͻǰ֮⡣
ˣ
ȻһεĲ·ϢԶѸܲ
ԾӭУ
һȵ
ֻǣѾˣ漴ǹεĲ٣еƿ𣬰λͳͳһ·˲侲ֹһ㡣
һ۾һֱš𾪡ı붯
䣡
ֲ֮٣˲ϯλϯֲ֮ѾԽλܹܵļޡ
ǧ֮
ء
λպĶ𣬾ôӦûУڽ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ಣ
ʱһӰȻַ塣
ϢǱ˵ֻܲǣȴ޷ڲλ£ǣʩչʱ򣬽ܲΧգȫʱ侲ֹ
Ǹɺܴ󰡣һ͸ɲסˡһ࣬ʱҲܴ󡣡
ַš
ϻôһ𣬶ܲͨƿߡһӡֹôƿټˣַĸɼӴ󣬽ֹֻܾʱ䡣
ڣʱѾ㹻ˡ
ַ˿̵ʵǧһѹ£Ըڸ綼ûУʱ侲ֹˣȻûʲôѶȡ
˲Ϣ䣬λͱɱˡ
ȻλѾַ塰ɱҲûʱ侲ֹʣµҲ޷˽ӦˣҲûκвֵһᡣַҲͳʱ
ô£
ţ⡭Ǻַ壡
ɱܲˣô޷ӦλϢ
ѵˣ
ܣ˭ô̵ʱڣλ䣿
𶼲ţһı֮ʵƺƵƺҪַһսַ帺ֶվڴ֮Уһ㶼ûη壬ʮֵ򶨡
ƽ˵ǵĵһԼ֮ǰĵڶѾնɱѡ񣬳
ַҲϻȻƿǱȽϡŴԸЩħһնɱ⣬ʱֶ룬ַȻҲĴ
ɱҪɱ
ʲôˣ
һʱ䣬ޱȵİšƿ߶֪ô졣
ȴûһλƿߣҶַ֡
˵Ӱַǡպաһ֮˲͡ѹˣλһʣµ𣬲ϵ⣬׸ˡ
Ǿֻ
Ը⳼
գַġȴվû˸ҷһĶˡʵַʾ
һȷѡ񡣡
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣõĽҴʼգǳ˳˳ַһжôס
¡¡
ʱз·һӱ˺ѣһټĹֲƺƺƵ̼˵ע⡣
ǡ
ַɫ͵һ䣬뵽һֿܣһĿܡ
ͨ
ַУһɾҵΣڶ


1433 Σ
ǽͨ
һΰĽ֪ĶΰĽ´˽ͨԴԴϵǿ߽٣ַˣ
ˣűһʱͨ¶Ҳܹע˭Ҳ
Ѫ𣬿Եñˣ
һ޴Ĺڵ𶼼ǽͨǶҲ
űһű֪ǧ磬֪֪ͨߣʵ޼ֻĵĳԱܹ֪Щű˵Щء
˾ͲһֻҪˣ֪ͨннͨĴڡЩһǣҲѾ˵ĸ߲ˣͨ
ڿͨȻܼǵУϵĽ£Ǿ޵еĴڡ
һ˽ͨʲôˣͳͳҪ顣
ͨǽͨ˵ĽôôͿͨ
ַɫĺѿ벻֮ͨǰһУѾƻܣôѵ˵˵ĽĳֿԹ۲Сǧھطͨ
ƺҲ̫ܣǿҲĿ͸Сǧ磬Ӷֻ֪ܽ㣬ĳְ취ԼԼ֪һЩ
ԣӦ˵ĵһǵǰѶ֪ͨ˵Ľһ̫Сˣ̫СˡÿһλǶܹɾ͡ЩҲһЩֶΣܹǰԤҵʱûнǰλѾ֪Σգǰ֪ͨ˽
ַϸƲ⡢ʵѾð˾Ųʮˡ
˵һܡַʱǰһ̣Ѿǣ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѷ˽
½ֻһ˿Ѷţһַնɱ˽϶Ӧ
ǣ˽˲СǧλãӶ򿪽ͨҲ˳ˡַƻܣҲַʱѾ¡ֻϧƻʧˡ
ͨһǧ罵һЩǿĶʮڼϵĶǼпܵġ
Ͼ˽ⷽСǧǷǳӵġ
һǧǿ٣Ǻֱ룬ַ嶼ΣյС
Уýͨ˳ǧٽ𣡡
һַ̣Ժͷ
ǵһʱ䣬ַѾ˾һҪֹֹͨӽͨڽ
²ϧһдۣ
ٿ𣬸ңֹͨ
ַѾûʱˣŽͨȥһ̣ٿѯʡ
ʲôƻʧˣͨһǲֹģǡٵͨ
ٿҲѸٸĻش
ţͨԻٵ
ȻԻٵͨǽǿǿСǧڿٶңҲҪάסͨȶϾСǧǷǳġֻҪԾǿݻٽͨȻֹ١һȴҪֱһλ±Сǧǽ
ַ˳˼
뵽˵޶űսʱԭűҪͨȴ޶͵Ϯհ;ϣͨûп
޶ַֺγ
ȻַٵԶ޶ٵӶˣűĽⷽСǧ硣Ҳûзֳڽͨϣһ˵Ľַҿ϶ԷôӦҿ˽ͨһǷֳ˴󲿷ֵŴ򿪽ͨ
ǳļ֣ټַ֣Ҳöϣ
Σ
ַսⰻȻͬһȼաһʱɵ˽ͨ棬ĸ̺ܵͨŵĿֲ
СǧڷĽɱšջǽͨϵռϷ磬άס˽ͨ
ͨѾˣַ޷;ֹôֻһְ취һַǳðյİ취ٵͨ
ַڽͨ棬̧ͷϿһƬƺʲôҲ塣ȴĸܵͨһͷ·̺һɺƴ䣬ļµϢ
ַǾǧ簡
ǧ磬ĵطǶ𣬶ǧ硣ֻǣ˽˭Ҳ޷ƽ뿪Сǧ磬ǧ硣
Ȼ⣬׳ѵΰڣ㣬ϣף
ڣַȴҪһλΰĽսǸսսһ𣬾Ѫڡ
ǽʲôˣͨһܿԴһ壬ƣ
ַһŭͷŵĽӰ˿̷·ʵһ㣬ȫΪһ塣
طַ嵱յһֹطֻǣѾܾúܾöûʩչˡڣΣͷַȴһУϧһдۣʩչǿһ
䣡
ǧ磬ȫ𶯣ڽΪһ壬һƺƵ֮ɽһ㣬˲ӿټĽͨѸû


1434 ƴˣ
ַ˿̵֮жôӴ
ַԼʵ̫һֱöʯ籾Դӻ֮зĳһ磬һĽ
ڽ̫̫ҲԼͬɳһ㣬ֱ޾ڽַ̫̫̫࣬࣬嶼޷ƿڵһ˿һ
һΣʩչԴһطڽе磬һ˲һ塣ֻһ˲䣬ȴܱƳԶѰ
ַָоٴٿĴаաɱԷܳʱַ嶼̫ʱˡ
鷳ַһʱ뵽ıʱ
Ҳ˵ǴϾʱҲַյֶеһַ֣ԼʱʱַѾҪˣʵѾǿǿˡ
ûʱһڡ
˿ʩչطˣ
𣬾Ȼǿ󣡡
ѹ֣ѹܹ֮Ѹ𣬺ֱǿ󣬾λǰƺҲԶԶ𡣡
Ƕôʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣôԶǿֲļ£ֵûС
Ȼһ֮ԿͨǷô
˴еƿ𣬿ֱַͬսһ㣬һ֮ͼֹͨ
ֱ̫ˣҲ˲мһˡ
ַ弸Ƿ񣬶ʧǱȻġ
˭ֹͨأѾȫ˵ĽͨǼֱ
䣡
ַ͸ֹͨң˭Ҳ޷ֹľġ
ǧ磬һ壬˲䱬ݺݵĺ˽ͨʱͨھҵ𵴡
һȦȦ˷ɢšͨ𵴣Ҳ˶ѣֻ𵴣Ȼ󣬾ûȻˣͨɴڡ
ͬʱһİҰԵ˳Žͨݺݵײ뵽ַϡ
أ
ַһ죬ػһ㣬һֹͣ
һַ̣ڽ򣬷𵴣գۼ䣬ǧ
֮ѹ
ַһ֮Ѹٸֶѹա
ǽ
ַķ֮ɫ½ֻһ˿Сǧֻʣһܣֻ֮һ
֮һֵַס˲Ϣʧǧ磬ǻ֮˳ѹգȶڽ򣬿¾ôһַϵʧȥʧڸ硣

ַҧţŽͨϷ͸ͨƺһУյһƬ
ַȴ·ܵһֻ۾͸ͨע
ǽһǽ
һַ̣ս·ʧӰˡΰĽϣף㣬Ȼ⣡
Ĵڣ޵Уܿ⣿
ΣҲǴСߣһһȥиɻοСǧ統УҲֻ֮һ֮һûУ֮һ
ַһ飬ٴλս⡣
޵УСǧ磬ʱ̣޵УοַֻҪݻٽͨҪĺͽս
ûУ̸ȹԪ٣̸ݻСǧ磬ɾͽ
¡
ͨһҵ𶯣ͬʱַ忴ˣһźĶһɿֲ·ӽͨнٶ¡
٣ڽˣңпǶʮڼϵƿ
һ٣ǣסַ壬½ٸǾʹȥַ嵹ǿԶÿռ̴֮룬֮¾ⲻҪ𡣶ңȫ̴ַļƻƬսпܶʧҲ޷롣
Ԫֻʮʱ䣬ַȡһпȡӶʵʱ䣬ַҪľʱ䣡
У˵ٳɹ
ַ΢˼ܿ˾
ʱһˣƴˡ
ˣ
һ̣һصĲַڽɢ˲סͨ
ʱ侲ֹ
һַֻ̣ƴϧڽܾ޴ĸɣҲҪʩչʱΨһݻٽͨĻᡣ
䣡
ʱ٣һ̣ʱ侲ַֹڽȴ͵ķһͨھҵ𶯡
һΣַʱѹס
ַһΣȻѾ׼ƴǣڽķ񸺺ɣֽڽе磬ӶӴ֧ʱ
Ҿֹ
ַŭһڽУǧ磬˲ַֽ⣬Ϊһɿֲ֧ʱ
ͬʱʱڣеһжֹ֮ǰŵĽͨ


1435 ݻٽͨ
һжֹˣΨַûоֹҲַõĻᡣʱľַֹ弸ÿʱỵ̈ڽڳŴı
ǧ磬һϵıַʧءΪֹͨǴݻٽַͨѡ
ֻƴһսϧһдۣ
ƣ
ַȫʱ侲ֹסͨһ̣ȫݺݵĺ˽ͨϡ
ͨǿ޶ܹݻٻûȫĽͨοַ壿ؼǣڽͨϣһɽ
ǰͨϣŴĽ˵˵ĽȷⷽСǧǳӣķ˴άַͨڽʧôʧһϵ磬ΪҪֹĿɲһͨǽͨϣĽ
ǿǽ
κϹϵϵĶǶĪ⣬Ҫʱ侲ֹɻḶܴĴۡ
¸ٴĴַۣҲϧ
ʱ򣬾ֹס˽ͨҲֹס˽ˣַڽȫһһ̣ͨҲ޷ֵҲûκζΪȫֹˡ
¡
ַȫһͨҵ𶯣һƣԽԽ࣬ͬ֩Ƶģܲڽͨϡ
꣡
ڣͨѿˣһǹ⣬·һɢͬһʱַ̣Ҳһڳܲסʱ侲ֹĸԼɣʱ
ʱĳͨȴ޷ȹ̡ܽͨϵĽƺһǿȴ޷ȹ̽ͨӿ˽ͨı
ڣͨ˲Ϣ䣬ѾΪǵĹâɢ
Լ䣬ַ·𿴵˽ͨڣһֻ۾ĶͨڣѾһӰŽͨıǵӰҲһҽУ漴ʧ
ݻ˽ͨۡ
ַ΢΢˿Ѿ׵ƽݻ˽ͨλ˵ĽҵⷽСǧɲˣΪѾ޷ٶλˡѰǿٶҪʱ䡣
ֻǣַһսĴ̫̫

һֺĹ֮УɢׯϡµϢ
˿̣Ĵڣһλɫ۵ӣƺӵݣ·Źâɢųصϡ

ָ΢΢һţǰһâɢ滹ײײĳһӰĵĳ˴֮С
Ӱƺϻ̳Ͽ֣æ򵹣ڵأ˵ΰĽ£ܣûܽٳɹ𷣣
ǰλöǰڼϵĶǿߡʮڼǰڼֻϧͨݻ٣Ҳֻܱ»صǧ硣
ӣȻ˵Ľ£ݿ壬Ҳ֪ı龿ˣʱȴǳ־塣
֪ǺεȵŭϾɽԳ֣˽ͨȴһ񣬱Сǧƿ߸ˡ
ֻǣȴ֪ΰ˽£ȴûеǰŭзһ˿˿
Ϊ˽ڸղСǧеλƿϣһ˿ǳص˽Բῴ
Ϊʱ
ʱ򰡣ֳˡ
˽Ŀһ۽ͨķڽͨ٣ǷСǧıԴ˽˵ʵʲô
žĶһ˿ʱ
ΣҪҵǷСǧ磬ץסǸʱƿߣܱСǧ籾ԴҪҪ

ͨݻˣ
⡭ⲻܰǿΰĽ£Դ򿪵ĽͨȻݻˣ
˼飬ǲ˼飬һܴݻٽµĽͨ
ˣ¾Ҫˡ
˵ڶƿߣŽʧĽͨһĶò˼顣ǵУ£Ǿ޵еĴڡ
һСǧеƿֵܵġ
ڣǿۿԿĽͨѾݻˣһǿݻ١
ƺ޵е񻰣ʹˡ
ͬʱǿַĿ⣬ȴӵľηˡ
ಣ
ַɻ˴ܿӣַҲ˲ᣬȴûκһλƿ߸ҷһĶͷ·ѡ˳
㣬ȥ˵ı⣡ʣµģ֮ܿͻգӴˣˣֻ֮⣡
ַλϣ߸ϣʩôĴۣȻҪ˳ƿ֮С
Ͼ˱űҪǿöࡣ
ϣ˵ղأҪʧ
ַţθ̫̫ĴֲۣǾǵòʧˡ


1436 һǶʯ
ûãԲʹ֮ǿߣϵˡ
ַƽ£Բڷ
Բʹַ壬ʼˣָ֮ˣȫˣҪ̵ʱȫ˵óκβ
ԲɵİţַҲܷġЩ£ԲóҪľչζʯ
ǣԲ𽻴һַ˴ȥ˵ı⣬ı⣬౦ȻλڽУд󲿷ֱΪ˵Ĺͬղڱ֮С
оַǳҪĶʯ
Ǳ⣬ƽʱҪλһܴ򿪡
·һλһ𣬿˳ûϣ֮󣬾ͻļ֮⣬пɡַȴ⣬еղء
⣬ַһ۾Ϳ˳нơֽƲ𶼿ǿƳ
䣡
ַһӣƳơҲûһ·ֱַӾ̤˱֮С
֮Уָıѻɽַ֮Ѿǵˣˣȴʲô
˺֮ǰѾʼСǧ統в֡ңжչѸ٣ԶԶűԼܱ֮ȵġ
Ϊôռĸֱֱ಻ʤȻ󲿷ֶλʹˣ˲١
籾ԴȻǧ籾ԴλΪʹеƿߣάתµġ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣǧ籾ԴҲͲˡǧ籾Դ㹻Ķʯַ֧ڽ򳤳һڸϡ
ϾŻ֮ɶʯӶ磬ֻĺһ籾Դ
ַɲ籾Դȥ磬ʵ̫˷ˣЧҲߣԶԶȲɶʯӶ硣
֮⣬ַ廹˴Ķʯ
飬ֱѻɽĶʯ
ЩʯͨʯϳƷʵĶʯʵ̫ˡô꣬չεġ
⻹൱һ֣˸߲㵱ֱͣʹ͸˵ƿˣϾһƷʵĶʯͨƿ˵Ҳܴ
ˣǽֻмٸĶʯʹһǧ缫޵ĶʯǶ֪жôˡ
һҪ뷢չҪסԱǶʯͱز١
ͨĶʯ˵ĸ߲ҲòϣЩһǶ𣬶òЩͨʯ
ˣµĻ֮£֪䣬˱֮оѾ˴ĶʯЩʯһ𡢶ûжá
ַ˵ȴĲƷ
ַϸ鿴һڽʧأ˵شһ㶼šʱ򣬲һֹ˽
һڽ˵ͲʲôСǧֹ˽ųɾŵ
ôһ㣬ȴѾַʧأž޴ĸɣڽе磬ʧһǧ
ǿһǧ簡ַʷʧһΡͨǿôһ㣬ôַڽܻ֧Ųס˲
ԭǧ磬ڣֻڸˡ
Һã˵ı⣬ûַʧЩʯѻɽԹƣһµĶʯ
˵Χչһ϶ܹٶϼǧŶʯʱҲֲܹʧˡ
ֻǣһ뵽ûʧô࣬ôַпܴգһڶŶʯʵܹﵽڸ磬ʮڼƿߣƺҲû̫Զ
ֻϧһеļƻΪӰֲַֻܹʧͲˡ

ַһץЩʯͳͳӽڽ֮С
ЩʯƷʶ൱ַԷġ
ףǡһǶʯ
ȻַڽЩʯŲƽڽʱֻǳµĺӡһץ˺ӡ
ˣ
Ӻڣ͵ɢ˾ҵĲǸƷʵĶʯһǶʯ
һšššĿšţ
ܹŶʯȻͳͳһǶʯⲻַĳȣ˵̾ȻһǶʯ
ѹ˵һô࣬£ǵõ˵һǶʯʹ͡
һСǧ磬ҪõһһǶʯף˵Ҳ֪ĵõôһǶʯ
ѵ˴ǧģ
ַ뵽һֿܣ˽ⷽСǧӳ̶ȣȷпܴһЩһǶʯ
ٿУַҲ֪ǧԴͺܷḻʯڶࡣټϽǻսСǧ磬Ҳչζʯ
ˣһǶʯǶʯкܶ࣬ҲǶʯ΢һЩϾǶʯСǧУҲָЩСǧ磬ԪһܹһǶʯ
һǡǶʯȴ١
ȴַ壬һǶʯÿһ̶ǧ򼶵Ķʯֱ֮ϲ
ৣ
ַ彫һǶʯץУϸһǶʯǧǧ֮һǶʯ
żһҲܳһǧĽпܴﵽڸ磡
ַ˵ֱǼʱ꣬ʧһӾȫֲˡ
̣
ַҲԥ̽ǧ򼶵һǶʯټһڿŶʯͳͳ̽ڽ
ٶĶʯҲҪתΪʵܷӳá
һջ֮ԶԶַԤϡҲøôصĴ۵òʧˣ෴㸶ĴۣҲֵã
ǣַڱбչأҪֶĻָʵһӦ鷳
ַĸоżԪ٣СǧѾƽˡ


1437 ѣ
ī綼ŷѪȡɱ¾
ħ磬ħ磬ⷽСǧУħϳ
˿̣һ𡭡
ϰħһ
ϸܿϰħÿһλһİͨħ𣬶ǶħǶħ۾еٮٮߣǧ޾ħ
ڣϰħ۾һĶվһƬյС
ƬյУһ߹餣ڵķ·ڽһƺκιâᱻɣԼԼγһУһС
û˸ҿУϰħ𶼲ҿ
˰ɣ
һɫ۵ħ۾˵
Ӧÿˣǲӵָʾ𣿺οԪҲ٣һһμԪ٣ҲΨһһⷽСǧĻᡣʧȥλᣬҵȶҷ𣬳ڼԪ֮С
ЩħһɫЩ̫ÿ
Ǹ߸ϣʹ޾ħռŰСǧ磬òңҲΣҲηĶǾǼԪ٣ԪٲƿߵĴ٣ͬҲħĴ١
Ĵ٣ֻҪСǧ統УǾûһܹѡ
ƿгѵİ취ħͬУǾǰ߹еħⷽСǧħġڡ
ܹɣɵСǧ磬ɾħƿϣӻҵħǲɣҲһͬΪɻҡ
ԣҵȶǵھżԪŵħȲ棬ӵһԪ͵ˣ˰˴μԪ١ҲΨһĻᣬֻɺЩƿߣȴҪǧټƵֹҵȣҵСǧ統С
ˣˣһΣˣԲų˯ôʱ䡣һѣǼԪ֮ʣЩƿҲϾ˼ҵȡʱҵħлᣬǴ٣˵Ľѡ
ħɫ䶼أû˭еˡʮʱ䣬ǼԪ֮ʣ˭ûлʮڰģʮʱ䣬ʲô
ˣ
Ȼħ˲䰲һסؿڣһʹɫ
Ƕħ𣬶һǶħѾ֪ôǿ󣬾౻ɻҽʵҲ޷Ӱ쵽ǡ
еѾ˺ˡ
ڣصġ֣Щħһ¶ʹ֮ɫæסؿڣ¶һ˿־֮ɫڿ־ʲôһ
죬ƷӽУ׸棬ͿҪˣ
ħһȻǶϣܹѣͬҲܾ棬һ⣬ǿɾ͵õùˡ
ħƿǲһħûôУʵҲûʲô򣬼ʵΪ
һħħ֮ϣôҪħͺסĴڣħ֮ϣΪ˶뵽˯УҲûħҷ
ڣ潥ѣЩħǾ͸ӵĹˡ
ˣ
ǵڵУԽԽӴתٶԽԽ죬գۼʱ䣬ѾһедľսϢƺħһѹƵĸо
Ʒ
ħǸߺһ漴Ʒ˳ȥĲҽƷͳͳӽеС
ЩƷȻһħңһħٶһħħе棬ȻħΪʳҪġƷ

ЩɼƷħʵҲ޹Ǵ඼һЩ˴ħǨŭӶץסһ
ҲҪļƷôЩ˶ħħȻõġƷ
һͷͷһħ𱻡׽֮УԽԽӴ󣬼֮ǰҪʮɢһɲҲԽԽǿҡ
ħڵأɪɪ·ġѹȡǸ
ͨħһħֻǶħͳͳˣƺɹϢκħ֮䶼û
ˣ
żƷԽԽ࣬ǾڵĹУҲԽԽңħʹ࣬Ҳ޷ֹĲ
꣡
ͻȻɫĹϳһ˿ơȻֻһ˿ȴǹѵĿʼ
һ˿˿˿
һ˿һ˿Ƴ֣ܿͲ߹餣ͬ֩Ƶġڣƺظ
أ
ɫ͵ıըɫҲһʧյУĸֳһɫӰݣͬһڶһйߣе
·һ޵׶ΪһУ
ڿôһˣԪ٣ڿˡ
ɭɳƵһ̾ϢǵӰд쳹յУûлħȴовϵĻصòϢ
ӭ棡
ħڵأһħǸ߸ϵĶħƺһ̣ħеߴڣֻһڵӰ
ħ棬ˣ


1438 ջ磡
ˣѾΪ֮ķֲ
Բ֮ԱѾ½ĽӹˣеҲһЩֿԲܿƽϢˡ
Բ£ַܷģ֪Բ϶һʱҲռŶʯ˿̣ҵУַȴѾ
û뵽һǶʯܳӽڸĽ򣬻һڿŶʯһһڸ磡
ַ建۾һ˿âϵϢɢѾӵǿˡ
ԭǧ磬ʧһǧ磬ֻʣڸ硣ڣַ˺ܴջһڸ磬νַѸٵʱˣʱ˿̣ڽоѾܹڸˡ
ʮڼƺҲôңɼˡ
籾ԴһˣжʯҲ޷ٿٵ磬취ҵ籾Դ
ַһڣ籾ԴѾտҲϽַǰ۵籾ԴԼεõǧ籾Դȫһա
ַҪڽе磬ʵʯҪ籾ԴҲͬҪȱһɡʯҪң籾ԴҲͬҪҡ
ֻǣ籾ԴѰûжʯôסַҽݾ£籾Դȷҡַ廹һְ취ǾħֻҪɴħô籾ԴͲ⡣
ˣħô伣ˣ
ַϸһ룬ŷ֣ƺ׿ħħô伣ˣ˵ַ֮ŵʱɱ̫ˣ
ħʧ٣˵뿪Ƭ
ħַ廹ûʲô̫˽⣬ֻǾħ޴ڣǰѰҺףΣôѰҵħˡ
뵽ַҲֱӳأԲ
Բǳæµ֮ŵٶȣʵ̫ˣǽ˵ͲôסңҪһʱչΧڵĶʯǾ͸鷳ˣҪķһʱ䡣
Բ֮ˣ
ַԲʵ
ֳϣ֮ŵĶ˳ֻҪȫˣһʱ䡣֮ǰϸ˿ӵӴҶʯ˸߲ƺҲô⣬ǸƷʵĶʯŻ˸߲ע⡣
ˣܹ֮չһ˵нܹջǧŶʯھ壬͵ÿÿĻˡ
ǧŶʯѾܲˡ
ַ˵Ͷ⡣Ѿڸ磬һŶʯչβַ˵һҲ׬ˡ
ǴջмǧŶʯַһҵ磬Ǿٺòˡ
ֻǣַڲҪʯҪ籾Դ
Բ֮ţħټȴʧˣ֪ԭ򣿡
ħ
ԲһŻ˵ʵҲֻ˵һЩţ⻹֮񣬲ЩšڴУⷽСǧ磬޾ʵǷΪֱ֡ħƿߣⷽСǧ硣
УħռŰСǧ磬ƿҲռŰСǧ硣˫ʱʱĶᱬһЩսҲǻʤ֮⣬Լűˣʵ϶ƿռݵİСǧ統СֻһЩħ뵽ⷽСǧΧ֮ڣ׼ʳǵǽѢ֮˴šЩħУǿߣҲͨǵˣͲʲôƿߵҲһЩ뵽ħƿصİСǧ統У˫Ǳ˴ƾаˡ
ַȻ
ѹħƺ٣Դ޶̰֮ħֻʣ˴èСèֻ봫˵Уħ޾鲼СǧƺкܴĲ졣
ڿԭƿߵƿߵĴӪħܹռһЩݵ㣬Ѿ൱ˣοǳ׷ģǾ͸ˡ
޶㱻γƬħȻҲ伣ˡ
ԲҵħټʵڲУ͵һħڵİСǧ磬Σ
ַû뵽ħƿߣȻ֡ơ˫ƾУռݰСǧ磬ⳬַ
ԭַУħȻܶ࣬ҲΣգȴ񲢲ǿ٣ħΪһ󣬼ܺɨ޵Уɨһһħ硣ħɨһˡ
ԲַŻȻԭɨЩħֻħеһ㣬뵽ƿߵİСǧħ֮ΪڻҶΪͲʲô
ħƿƾУռݰСǧĿֲڡ
ѰħټֳϣʵҲһֳϻ㱨ֳϵǣõ𡣡
Ŷʲô£
ַЩ棬֪ʲôԲ޷㱨
Ͼ˭ַ֪֮¡ˡ


1439 ã
ֳϣһԳǾŽƿߣǰݼֳϡ
Բ𻺻˵
ŽҲʶʲôŽԲ𣬴ʵΣ
ַһ֪Բ𲻻һЩݼ˿Բô֣µᵽŽ𡱣Žܲ򵥡
ԲأǿǿھŽϣƺоֳϻҪµϢ٣һλ𣡡
ѹԲأصַ塰㱨
ַ廹ҪǿϢ
ַһݣ΢۾૵һҪǿϢ˼Žû˵⣿
ûУŽֻ˵һҪֳǰȥ֪ݡ
ַһողŽˣʵҲҲκˡͻȻһǿĶ𣬻ЩѰζ
ַãп϶ЩͬѰ֮¡
ҲգȥλŽ𣡡
ַԲһȥԭ˵Ĵ
ոս룬ַ͸ܵһ˿ͬѰϢ
ڴУһӣһۣȫ¶˳ȾϢʱʱ֣ƲǳֻǾøĪ⡣
ַȴһݣΪǰӵϣܵһǿҵΣϢƺԶȵٿĴ𣬻ҪвС
˲򵥣
ַ뵽˴λϣŽ΢΢һȴҲ΢΢ͷʾ⣬ûʲô
ֱַӿ˵˵ŽҪĳĳƺʶŽ𡣡
ŽЦ˵ȷʶ𣬵ȴʶţҽһ£Ž٣ĿǰǼԪеһԱ˴ǰҲΪƬߣԪˡ
Ԫˣ
ַһû˵ˣܹ֮ԡԪ֣϶ͬ졣٣һ֪Ԫ١
֪ԪҲʵΪԪ˵׼ܸߣٵǶ𣬲ҵǱƿߣܹܵԪ˵롣򵥵˵Ԫ˾беٮٮߣɵһɢˡ
ôԪˣ齨ĿΪΣ
ַһʵ
Ԫ齨ĿģȻͬ۹ãͬȹԪ٣
䣡
ַԺһ𣬼Ԫ٣ǼԪ١
ԲĪǼԪ˻ǼԪ٣ǵһ˵ַ壬֪˼ԪٵϢҲûи߸Բ
Ϊûκ塣
Բֻһ𣬸߸Բʲô壿ԲʲôÿμԪ٣ֻЩһ𣬻԰ȫȹ
һΣһҲܶȹΪһμԪ٣ȲߣͳͳữΪһҡ
Բ𾪵ɫŽֻǵĿһۣûоò졣ȻַԲǾԲΡ
Ӧ֪ԪٰɣھŴμԪ٣ҲһμԪ٣ȲһнݡҵȳԪˣҪⷽСǧıͬȹԪ١ֻ뱾ƿߣұǶϣܹҪ롣Ѿ˱ʸˣصǰ𡣡
Ž٩٩̸Ҳûʲôܻ䣬ֱ˵˵ַܴ𺳡
ʸ񣿸ʾŽ𣬼Ԫ˳Աж٣
ǸڲܣֻгΪ˼Ԫ˵ʽԱʸ֪Щ
ַ廰һתּʵŽղ˵ֻ뱾еĶ˼ֻҸˣ֮޹أ
ԣֻкˣڵ֮СʵϣԪֻһɢˣṩһЩԽϢ籾ĸ顣иҪһ㣬ǹͬԿħ
ַĬãƺڿʲôŽҲûдߴ٣Ǿĵȴš
ãַ̧ͷʵԪ֮£һнԻΪһҡΪβж𣬰Щǧ罵ٵ𣿡
ٺ٣ǧ罵ٵǵĿʲôʵǶ֪һȺˣǽūǼʲô壿ǵĿģֻСǧ籾ԴǲͬƬСǧҵȰĸҵȵϣҵȵĹ硣ȻҪһȥСǧ硣ħЩǧ罵ٵϸϣǱƿߵĵˣ
ַ΢΢һɡȻѾ֪˼Ԫ˵ʣԼЩǧ̬ˡ
һļеأҲı
һ⣬ԪˣʲôôԼܴҵһЩΣգҪ˵һΣնûУֻкôǲܵġ
ַĿ⾼ضžŽ


1440 Ԫˣ
ǺǣǺ𣬶̶ʱѸ̤ƽűˡԪˣȻֻкôûлбײͿѡˡ
ŽƵĵ˵ͷ˵Ԫˣôкܶ࣬磬ڵĳԱ˴ʶͨޡ˳ԱǶϵǿڣʶѾ޼֮ˣźܹ֪еļֵ
ַ˵ͷȷкܴļֵһʶô򵥣οǸ߸ϵĶ
һλ𣬲һַЯ֮ƣύµʱ򲻱սͺˣ˵ύˡ
˼Ԫƽ̨ͲһˣԻϵȡָϢǳ㡣
ڶôǾǿԻͨޣԶһ˵һЩԷֻҪ㸶ۣôе㹻ǿ֡
ַǰһһ·ӡʱ򣬾Ƹٶ࣬ʶĶ޼̸Ѱ
һ㣬ԪˣڼԪ֮ʱǼԪ˿ԳΪһӴԪеĻڳɰܣǾͲܹ֪ˣҲûܹ֪ԪٵĻңħǧǰԪǿߵȵȣЩıƣصĸ֣һˣӦҲ⡣ԪˣȴǱ˴˱šĿǰԪˣûκһλ𣬵ҲΪˣܱ֤Ԫ˵ľԶԣܵκԼ
ַ˵ͷ㣬һȷĺô
Ǿ˵˵׶˰ɡ
ַõʲô͵øʲôȻԪôĺôô׶Ҳ϶С
ȨףܾǷԪˡ
׶ȷУǾǲЩǧĴ㵹ҲˣڼԪ֮ǰЩǧǼԪ˳֣ϾǶֻǽĲְˣ˭ҲڼԪǰ˽Ĳ֡
ǻһвǾħЩǧħɾûô˵ˡħ֮ԱѹڰСǧ統УǼԪ˾ȫǿǼԪ˵ѹƣܻЩħʵĴڰСǧ統СɴˣǸ˺ܲصĴۣ֮Σ
˼δս⣬ħǶƽҲֲǶǳ֡һ㣬ħȫмԪ˳ԱȥֵħߣᱻԪˣߣᱻԪ˷ɱ
ַһݣȷǱ׶ˣΣգ˵ȴ˷
ΪнһҪϢǾǼԪǶԿħҼԪ˶ħ̬ȣǿӲ
ַűˣһЩСкܴĲͬ
ʵͰ֮⣬Ҳֻɨǰѩδ֪չħǶܶ㣬ʵڶ㲻ս
Щħ
ַԴʹˣǺ֮⣬ֻҪִַ˴ȨǾͶħǲġ
ħĴУͲã˵ˡ٣Ԫ˵ַּܷġθڡ
һַ꣬ûмѯˡ£ֻҪ˼ԪˣȻһ
˳˼Žӣ΢۾ҲھĵȴֻԲȻ󲨡
ȻǺܹϵ𣬵֮УҲûнӴԪˡڿԪֱˡ
ܶԶԿħѹħڰСǧ磬ǺεȵĺţҪ֪嫵СǧжôĹ󣿼ֱ޾һλһһֱ󡢷У¼ʱҲ޷߱Сǧ硣
Ԫȴ˺嫵Сǧ䣬һǳӴ󡣿Щ˵еĶǣпǼԪ˵еĳԱ
Ǹַ壬ԲһҲ޷Ӵȡء
ǾŽַ巴ᵽġԪ١Բʮֺ棬һ˿ԤС
֣ǾͲʲô¡
ԲʱҲûгѯʣַʱжʣַѡֻȥѯʡ
ţַҲһ
ʱһĹȥַƺ˺ܳʱ䡣
ãַ̧ͷƺ¶˾ġ
ŽĳƺûʲôɲԪˣô
Ǿ͹ϲˣӴˣҲͬǼԪ˵ĳԱˣΪˣ£ҹϵɾʹˡ
ŽԵúܸˣûо⣬ƺԤϵַľˡ
ˣܷðһ䣬Žʮڼ𣿡
ַһȻصʵ


1441 Ƕʯ
ַ˻һʱˣ˲ͽԲ΢΢Ĳ
ַѯʣʵǺܲòпͻκʵǶ߻ܣ͸¶
ңԲҲĸоַһʣ޵ķʸε塣
ŽǼ佥¶һ˿Цݣ漴ҡҡͷǽ㲻̽˵Ԫһɢˣǿơ𲻼룬Ҳᶯ֡οûп±ʮڼ𣬿ºҲܰȻѰɣ
ô˵Žʮڼˣ
ַǰһʵڿŽһɲǣѾ²⣬ܹǿвˣԲһ𡣾ǿڡڼַҲôǿҵΣոо
Ψֻʮڼϵ𣬲ַܵôҵв
ȷʮڼ𣡱Ѿ۲˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳؽţܣ̽һȴûռ֮⣬򣬽Ҳǰˡģ˼Ԫˣͻһλߣ˳Ա˵ζʲôĳϣѾһ壬ǱˣʲôȻ󲨣ˣҲҪܵǣġ
ŽЦ˵
Ŷ
ַĿоâһȻŽ˵ˣҲķʵϣҲû̫ţŽ˵Žж⣬½Ͳֻǰˡ
ԲһŽȥһɡеʣʱһһһ𡣡
ַԲ£ѾʺԲˣַ岻Բ𣬶ÿһ֪ǾͶһַա
Բ˵ͷŽǣܿ뿪˴
Բ뿪󣬴ֻʣַŽˡ
ģַɫɢһƣͬκһ㣬žŽϯȥ
Ž̩ɽƾַϮȻ
䣡
ַѾʩչȫڸ磬ЯſֲƳžŽѹȥȻֻƵѹȣͳܲסΪһˡ
ŽƵᣬͻȻһɺ̩ͬɽѹƣַϯٶȿþˡ
ֻǾһƳ˲ϢʧӰ٣ַ嶼̲סҪʱˡ
ʮڼ𣬹Ȼ鴫
ַһһ˵ѾԿ϶Žȷʮڼ𡣶ңλŽ𣬿ʶŽһʶ
Էڹ۲Լˡ
Žʲôʱʼעĳģ
ֱַ˵ʵ
Ǻǣûж೤ʱ䣬ҲǴ㵱֮⣬նɱ˳ʱŷֵġҵĵһĿǳ𣬵֣նɱŹע㡣
ַһôŽĳ˽Ķడ
ŽЦЦ˵λûأ˵ʱ򣬻عսĻǵȷ˽һ
ȻŽ֪ˣַһԸ⿴»ǷˡһһȻ˰йעֱڣԷֱַ֪֪
ҺãǰľŽûʲô⣬ĻԶԷʮڼʵַոնɱʲôԿŽ
Ž͵ϮĻַʱӡǵĻᶼС
ǱЩðˣ¡ԪȻһɢˣκһλԱȴ˺ϡˣҪΣһ뵽Ԫˣʲô£ҲΡÿһλˣĳλƿߣҪڰй۲ܳʱ䣬Żȷ롣
ַҲû˵ʲôȻܱ֪ˣŽҲַ֪еܡʱӡǣŽӦþͲ֪
ʱַ岢֪ʱʲôܣ綼ᱩ¶ο㱩¶Σ
ַʵ򲻹ѵӲԺֻҪСĽһ㣬Ҳʲô¡οԪˣַ忴ʣҲЩҰĲһ
֪棬һλƿߣǰ;ˣŴһԵŶǶʯòײŵõûܹͳȥգȨɡ
ŽһֱӾóһŶʯ
ַ̾ͱŶʯס
ǶʯĶǶʯַûǶʯĹ򲨶ǿңȴм١
οŽΪ˽һԵȻ͸ƭַˡ
ַҲףΪʲôŽʮڼ̬ȴ˵ͣڹ⽻ַ塣
棬ؼġ
ҲΪ鵽ַƿߣδܳΪĽ½ֻһϣֵþŽͶעˡ
ĻŽ᲻ߣ᲻Ĳʱģ¶˵
һ翵ʱԼһλδġ顱ôѡڼԪǰõʱΣɽվֻڼԪлΪһҡ
ŽȻܿѡһλδ飬ǲҪģϧһŶǶʯַ˽⣬һŶǶʯϣٴĲҲɢ
ǶʯŽˣ
ַĿһ۾ŽûκοֱӾŶʯܾŽʲô˼ĿģһŶǶʯѾ˾Ž̬ȡ
ǳ
ַֻʲôģοǶʯȷַ޷ܾġ񡱡


1442 ּ߿ռͨ
ˣʲôʱǰԪˣҪμһ򵥵ļʽ˲ʽļԪ˳ԱܵԪ˵ֺô
ַȻõŶǶʯҲҪֱɣҳ硣ֻϧڽѾû籾ԴҲûʲôá
ǣֱַӻش粻˳٣綼ȥھͳŽûɣ
Ȼû⡣
Ž˵ͷַܹ̾ͳȻ֮ãһַʽ˼Ԫˣô˵Ҳˡ
ˣԪܲ
ַѯʵ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ҿ͸¶һ㡣Ԫܲÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯ţֻмԪ˵ʽԱ֪Ԫ˵ܲ򣬾Ҳ޷׽ԪܲľλáҲΪ˰ȫǼԪпɲ٣Щħ޲ܳ״ݻҼԪˣܲױ˷֣
ַ˵ͷҲڳ֮СԪǶԿħǵǵȷСĽοǧҲ϶ԼԪ˲ô⣬侮ʯͲˡ
ã̳
ַѾЩȲˡĿǰҲ޷ɶʯӶ磬ԲѹεΧ֮еĶʯǸովŽ͸ַŶǶʯû籾Դַ޷ֱӽʯת硣
ֻм˼ԪˣܻȡѶǹħϢַţһֱΪԿħļԪˣһ֪ħ䡣
Ŀǰַעġ뾡ʵӦ˽вϾܿܶԷ󣬾ܹ´򿪽ͨʱ򣬽ʮڼϵǼ嶤ַּȸС
ַԲ𽻴һ漴žŽѸٵ뿪֮⣬İĽ
һ·ϣ˱߱ġŽַ˽ܶܶ࣬˵в
˵ȷһ޴вģԪ٣˽ǲķѾ޴ĴۣġҲǶǵʱܹڼԪվȽŸǷ񣬽ɱ˽ٵĶҲʲô
ɱ˵Ķ𣿡
ַüͷԣǿɾ˵Ľԡ
кβңҲ̫СԪˣСԪ˵ĳԱˡɱһЩǧĶ𣬶ԼԪ˳Ա˵ǵһΣҲԶһΡһλǧ罵ٵǧڼ˼Ԫ˵ĳλϴڡΣӲܲǿɱλҲûٴ򿪽ͨΪһ٣Ǿ·һ
˵ŽҲ¶һ˿Ժ֮ɫ
ǿƣ
ַĳȣƺԼһȺԪ˵ǣǿΧɱһǧ粻һĶ
㳹նɱٴ򿪽ͨˡ
ζʲô
Сǧ統УҲǲսʤҲ޽⡣ֻҪ㹻ǿҲɱĽ޲ߣݱܷæ
ʣԪɾСǧ磬֮֮һֻҪԪû٣С
ַҲǸֱ۵˽˼Ԫ˵ġǿơ
ŽʮڼַҲڸ磬ֻǷУٶҲܿ졣µʱ䣬ѾĽ򣬾֮ǳңԶˣȴûͣµļ
ৣ
ȻŽһƬķϵĽ֮УܶһƬƺû˿
ˣ
ŽȻ˵
ˣ
ַĴȴһ񣬲ûзʲôܲĴڣûУôǼԪ˵ܲ
ǺǣԪ˵ܲһ߱Ҳ޷״ơܹռ䣬ں嫵Сǧ硣ǿԪ˲һһԪȴСǧ֮һ
㿴ˣÿһλԪʽԱӵеơһƣֻһʧˣǾԶʧˣ൱ԶԪ˳ԱݡֻƣܹüԪܲǼ챦ͨС
žŽһȣҲóһӲӵƣвϵ˸ɢһȦȦĿռ
ˣ
УԼһڵַͨͨһ𣬷·ò˼ƵģڵĿռ̶֮ھҵ𶯡
߿ռͨ
ַ۾Ķڵͨһһ˵г𾪣ϸ¶ŵɫ


1443 һԪĺⳤϣ
ַ岻ǵһμ߿ռͨʵϣĿռֳܹ֮̾߿ռͨͨô˲Ϣ䴩Сǧÿ䡣
ŽЩȻ֪߿ռͨ߿ռͨǼԪܲһռ챦ܹ߱⴩ռ䣬߾ߣ޿κΡƾ߱ǼԪ˵ܲǸǣκ
߱
ַţʵϣѾڵ߿ռ֮ͨУɢŽӲӵĹâ·ܹѹգ߿ռͨУب㡣
ַҲܿͻعˣȻܵõռ̣ܹ֮ռ̴֮߿ռ֮ͨУΪξͲҲܴ߿ռͨأ
ַһ˼άԣÿռֻ֮һ
ʵϣռ֮̿Ȳǰ߱
ˣѾͨ˵ѾˣĻƣҲֻһ˽ȥܴ㡣
ַ˵ͷҲΪһ⣬˾Ž󣬷ɽ߿ռͨڣһ߱Ĵš
ಣ
˵Ӱգۼû˱֮Уʧ
ַһ֮߱УԸоһѹơƺĽ֮޷ٶһҲֻн򣬻ܶһҲЧԡ
ԱߵľŽЦŽ͵𣬲õģ߱нƣ˵ˣǧڼϵ룬ҲñѹƳͨһһ֮޷߱ǼԪ˵Ĺؼ߱мԪˣˣһҲ
ַ˵ͷⱦѹȷ٣Ͳǿռܱ֮ġ
߱оŲռ䣬ÿһռ䶼вͬáһԪ˳ԱɳŲռ䡣Ǿȥһռ䣬ȡơ
һжӾŽİš
漴Žַȥ˵һռ䡣߱оŲռ䣬ʵϾ൱ھŸ磬ǳĹ
ңܹһֱ߿ռͨ߱ѹκβá
ַûмҲֶ֪Ρ֪ҲûտռֻҪûտռǾ޷߿ռͨҵ߱
һռ֮Уһš
ŽһӣƸֳһȦâ̱仯һް߰ףϿŹϷ˪ӡǵߡ
ŽȴΪⳤϣƼλַԪˣˡ
ǰλߣϢԣȴĪĸһѹȸСŽ𹧾ģ϶ݷͬһ㡣
λⳤǼԪ˵˳ϣҲǷ³Աߡ˵ⳤʵɲ⣬˻ɣⳤʵǧڼﵽ˲˼ľأڴ˵е𡣶ңⳤһֱʹ֮߱УӵһԪʱԪ˳ڣû뿪߱ǼԪˡ
Žæַ崫ܡǰλⳤϡ
ַһݡ
ͿǰλⳤϵʵֻǸоĪ⣬ɴ⡣
ŽĽܣ͸ˡ
һλĹϡʯĴڣӵһԪ˵ھżԪ˰˴μԪ٣ֱ˼顣
ȻַҲףǺⳤжܿһһεļԪ١Էһֱ֮߱УȻ߱ⳤ϶ȹ˼Ԫ١
ˣҲ൱˲ˣַҲǵһμ˴μԪٵǿ
ݼⳤϣ
ַҲʵⳤ϶ַһ
ⳤȴ۾ûֻǵ˵Žˣɶ˵Σ

ƣӽǼԪ˵ʽԱˡ
ⳤֱӾӳһƸַ塣ַ嶼ܴиܵԼϢֻҪ΢һʹá
лⳤϡ
Ž̴ַ뿪˵һռ䡣
ô򵥣
ַ廹ЩûлعôһŽ𣬾ͨˣ
Ȼⳤֻ㡣ħαװǧֻҪ㣬ͨˡһɢѵҪһг
Žᳵ·ַҲ˼ĵ˵ͷȷԪֻһɢ˰ˣûʲô̫ǿԡ
ˣưɡڼԪ˵һЩʶԼһЩɣƵУܶԼԪ˽߰˰ˡ
ŽַһңַҲֱϥ֮Уʼơ


1444 
ƵûʲôѶȡ
գۼѾɵеĺϢҪģַҲҪʱġ
еϢַҲĶԪһֱ۵˽⡣
ԪˣɼԪ
Ԫһλ۷˵һμԪ٣ĿСǧ磬ƺƵĴ֮Ϊҽ
ĺѡˡӵȵȣͳͳΪ˻һҡҲֻмԪڴõ߱żѵĴ
ԪĻмػΪøȹԪ٣ڵڶԪ֮Ϳʼ׼
ӴͼԹãһȹԪ١ȴû뵽ڶȨ֣ҲķѡԪ֮ʱԻΪһҡ
ԪĻ䣬ԪֿħݱʵڲģֵһЩ⿿һˣȻֹħ
ʱ򣬼Ԫʹ˼ʹվһɢ֯ǼԪˣԼԪ˵壬ʼħԿ߱ȥһЩĴڣԶȹһδεļԪ١
һһΣԪ˳׷չ׳ÿһμԪٽԪ˶ᱣһඥĶû
ģԪ˵Ѿħ⣬ѹħħƿ߲ͬÿһԪĲģԪһͻĵ޷ɾ
Ԫ뵽һ취ǾѹơЩħѹһ󾭹εսڣ˫ƾУռŰСǧ硣
ǼԪ˵Լħ֮ս
ͨ򵥵ϢַҲ˽˼Ԫ˵ĳԣԼԪĴػһԪһԪԪڰƿߣڱƿߵʵ
ַһʡ
һһΣ˾ŸԪ˴μԪ٣ԪȻûгΪѣ
ƵУ˼򵥵ĽܼԪ˵⣬ǽһЩԪеĳʶ磬һЩֻҪһЩͽԸȡǾͿˡ
һЩԻ۽
ڰȫ⣬˳Ա֮Ͻɱ˵ı˳ԱˡҪвܽķǾͿܲսӶˡ
һɱıƳ֣ôԪ˻ֵ飬һִ֣߳նɱĳԱ
ڼԪг
һ㣬ԪǷǳϸģ֮⣬һнԺɢûʲô̫Լ
ַ˼ϽԱ֮以ɱҲǼԪڶԪ齨ڲķѵĽѵ
ԪԲıڼԪз
Ԫˣ
Ȼ֮䣬ַδıļԪһǿҵ֮顣Ļ䣬Ϸ˼ˡ
һԪһԪ˾ŸԪľӪƿߵ
ǳֺõ£߱ĴڣԪõʲôò齨ȥķ
ַ嶼壬οˣ
£Ԫ˷չ׳󣬴󲿷𶼺عأû˽µҲԪǿ˸кܴĹϵ
һλ죬˭ǱĬܵһЩӰ죿
ԪУԪվַԪڸͲܡ
ˣȥ
ַҡҡͷԪˣٵʵԪˣֺô˹Ҳǳַ⣬Ȼ⡣
Ž𡣡
ֱַ뿪ңŽػţҲɵЦ˵Ž𣬶лָˡ
ͨƣַҲ֪һλˣʵǳе˺ܴĸϵر𿴺ĳˣһǲˡ
һˣʵҲͺͱ˺ĹϵڼԪУϵеľ뱻ˡ
ȻŽʮַֿ壬ҲΪַˡ
˵Ժʲô鷳ҪʲôԴѶ𡣡
ŽѾˡĽɫҲͲٴַ壬ֱת뿪ˡ
ڵռ䡣
ƵϢַҲ߱ڵĿռһŵ˽⣬Աڵ㷢
ַҲǴȥûʲôħйص񣬷ҲҪȥħսܽӵһþٺòˡ
ˣ
ַһһЩƣƺ߱еĳʱַӰһΡ
ȵӰٴγʱѾһƬİĿռ䡣
ৣ
һĿַɨ漴ָֻˣ


1445 Ƕʯ
ӰַһͳͳһЩӦǼԪ˵ĳԱ
ЩԱڴյУһŵĹâ
ЩâУͷһ񣬾һɨܹľݣƿ˵ǳ㡣
ַҶϥڵϣҲѧ˸طϥڵϣʼþ鿴
ˣ
Ȼַ徫һ񣬿ݡ
ʯһսΪԪսпбУǰаڼʵ
ַ忴ľݣ˵û¶ֻȷ񣬲Ż¶֡
ȥ̽һսпǵԪĹսһᵽսַ֮һսпҲϸԪϸԪս
ַҲףսвһͻжʯЩƿҪҲȥѰҶʯѰұ
ԣҲǺаռ̡֮߱ȵȣǱȻȱıܹƿ߶ȹԪ١
ֻǵھŸԪٵļԪҲǵھŴμԪ١ǿıҲ޷ƿ߶ȹھŴμԪˡ
ˣȥ̽һЩսѰһЩԴǿʵܹڼԪУѰһ˿
˵пڼԪᵽһСǧ籾Դʱ׸ǧĽҲпܽǧ磬ӶѳԪ١
ûԸ֪Ǿ͸ԸȥˣҪ뷽跨ѰһЩĻᡣ
ֻǣҪڼϵǿߣַʮڼûдﵽοǰڼļƣƺڼڼԪУ١
ѹּԪܹѹסħΪԿħСǧ籾ǿеľų
ַһЩ
ʯ̽գеڰ˼Ԫ
ƽ̽գеԪ
ѰλڼΧɱǧ
Щַһɨ󲿷ֶ̽ҪôһЩɱ񣬶һǧԵ
л̤ƽĳǧֻǣûʲôˣַ忴ʱ䣬Ѿʱ䣬ҲӦ¡
﷢ȫûκơлúôȵȣһۺϵĺ
ȥȥ񣬾͵ÿÿλ뷨ˡ
ǷȥΧɱУôҲʵֵ񣬸Ͳȡ
ȻŽ˵ģԷԸǧֻǣǷԸʲôĳЩʮڼǰڼȤ
ַҡҡͷҪڼ𣬵Щʱ䶼ܳˣȴӦ¡
˭֪ڼǿǿܺɨĳЩǧаڼǿǻϾʮþȡ
˭ܸðڼĶĳ
ַ룬óռ֮ȱĻҲ޷ðڼԸˡ
ǵÿԼ
ַףܼԪжô棬жôķ㡣Ҫ˳֣ۣܲԼӵʵҪ
ǣַѰͲҲħ
ܿ죬һĹűַľɨһ񶼱ַԹƣֱ飬ޱ޼ʡ
ţͦʡ
ڣַҵһȽϺʵ
һ˵ƺһλһ𣬲֪Ϊ뵽ħڵΧ֮УΣ
ˣط񣬳ԱʵޣͨĶҲȡ񡣱ϾĳҲߣÿһλȡ𣬶ȻһöǶʯʮڼܻöǶʯڰڼԸ֣ȻԺͷ鱨ꡣ
Ƕʯ
ַǰһǶʯǰѰҲǰãͬǼԪ˳ԱľŽһš
û뵽һ񣬾ȻܹöǶʯ
ַ廹С˼Ԫ˵Щǵĵ̡һЩǳϣϸԪϸԪǿ𣬱Ԫ߱УȹһһεļԪ١
Ԫ񲻷Զַ
͹񣬲Ÿոշʱ䣬λȡֻܹҪλȡ񣬾ܳˡ
ַһһλ񡣱ϾǶǶʯԼҪһЩˡѣҲõ
ˣжǶʯ񣬶ܻӭ
ַҲԥϽȡ
ˣ
ȡһϢַԺУǹ񷢲˵ϢԼһЩۼص㡣
Ǭ𷢲Ѿ㹻ȥһռϣ
ַԺеϢ漴תһƹͨ߱˲ʧӰ٣ٴγʱѾ˵һռ䣬Сָĵط
ţ
ַոճڵһռ䣬͸омĿϴš


1446 ʮڼ
⼸Ŀ⵹ǲƣֻЩ档漴һ󣬾ͳͳջĿ⡣
ַϸһռվĸˣǶһλӭЩɻ˵𣿡
ԣҾǺ𡣡
ַ˵ͷҲ³˶ԷݣӦþķߣǬ
ǬѾλ㣬һλǻҪٵȴһ
ַ˵ͷҲûжʲôǺһϥڵϡ
ȻûһϸϢǬڣûһλﵽʮڼ
˫û˵Ǿĵȴš
һʱһλٵĵˡ
ţ
̸ַоһΣյĸоͺԾŽһ
ʮڼ𣿡
ַһݣٵһλ𣬾ȻʮڼƿߡҲЩȻȻӦ˵ʵ
Ǭ¶һĨϲɫ漴ѸٵӭȥˡˣҲ˵һľ
һӣѾﵽһ۷壬ֻ벽ܹ̤ľ硣ֻǣΪһλ˵룬ǰħΧŨ챮򡣱Ժʵ챮ֻҪСһ㣬ӦҲΣաǰȻѶϢң˵鷳Ŀǰ챮Σաˣŷ׼ǰ챮ӪȺ
ʲôĻʣһ֪޲𡣡
˶Ĭַ壬Ҳ챮һ֪ȻҲûпڡ
ãȻҶû飬Ҿ˵˵ĳţλ˵һԼʵΪ˲սиõϣϾ챮һ鷳ҲǴ鷳ͨĻǶΣա
漴ǬҽܵЩǱޣѾ˰ڸ硣
Ǭ˵꣬λⶼʱҪ׼ٵóԱ֮以˽Ϊ硣
磡
˵һ𣬱ԵЩĮ
磡
λ𱳺󻹱һƺƽĴ󵶡ڽȴɽ󵶱ڱһ֮
ĳ磡
λĳ𣬿һĺƣҲǳС
ֵַ壬һ£ǿڵ磡
ַʵϲ£Ҳмλãмƫ£Ҳͱȵһڸ磬һڸ硣
˵Ŀⶼϣÿ˶ܸоĲͬ졣
ʮ磡
ȻĻһݣ϶֮ɫʮڼϵ𣬲һʮڸ硣
ʵԺɨڳˣȻǰڳûһЩصֶΡ
磬ַʱټһЩǿɾͲһˡΪһ棬ĳ̶ֳϣԴһʵ
ҲֻǴһʵˣеʵ
ãλһܹԲɡϹأ𡢵𡢺ĳֻҪȥ챮򣬾ˣ겻ɣԻһŶǶʯʮڼ𣬿ԻŶǶʯλû飿
Զ˵ͷ
ʵϣûǿƣʱ룬Ҳʱ뿪Σգ֮ززҲܵʲôͷ
Ҷǳų˰;ϣ²ΪȻͻ·ˣʵҲûʲôӰ졣
޷öǶʯĳˡ
ǼԪ˵Ŀ֮һжܡɡ˿ֻһƽ̨ṩҽˡ
ǽ׶ԣûʲôǿԡǡǡһɢûκǿԵƽ̨ȴԽԽ׳ܵǿ
֮ٸҲΪûǿԡ񣬻߾ˣǬȻӦĳ
ˣǿɾ͵лһλʮڼϵǿ𣬸ǵòʧ
û˻ԸΪһЩͨĶǶʯλǸ͵òʧ
飬ϣܹȵõһŶǶʯҵĵӣĹؼʱ̣ҪһŶǶʯ
ȻڣϣܹǰõһŶǶʯʹá
Ϊ˵ӣʮڼΪһЩͨĶǶʯ
ֻǣǬȴЩΪѡ
һǬջһҧ
漴ǬֱӵݳһŶǶʯ
ĵ˵ͷԵȣͿԳˣ
뿪˵һռ䣬뿪˼ԪˣȸȥŶǶʯܼȡ
ҲûвͣҲһʱˣϥڵϣĵȴš


1447 ЩԾ
һʱܿ͹ȥҲ׼ʱ˵һռ䣬˻ϡ
ãˣ̳
Ǭһ£뿪˼Ԫˣ챮ȥ
ڼ䣬ַҲõǬĽͼ֪챮ľλáսͼϵıע챮ħΧ֮ڣҲԶԶûеħǵĸأƿıԵش
ӣƿߺħ֮ɱʱǵùˣп䡣
ҲΪʲôǬᷢλһжԭ򡣲һһ׼һ㣬û
Ҳ˵Ǭӵӳ̶ȣϧķѼĶǶʯҲһҪȥӪȵӡ
챮ңԶַǶ𣬷ٶȲҲķµʱŵִ
Ƕÿռ̣֮ǿ϶һ˲ִܵռ֮ʹãһδһλᣬ򲻵ѵΣʱַ̣嶼ᶯá
οַһҲȥ·Ҫ籾ԴǾҪħսɴħ˳㻹񣬵õһŶǶʯ
ȻҪÿռ䴩󣬵ȵϤ챮ԺַҲͿһǰˣһΣǹԹԵĸǬ˵ǡ
µķУ˸ϵ챮
ǰ챮ˣСһ㣬ƬǾʱضпħ
Ǭɫصĸ
ʵǬѣѾܵյУŨҵսϢԼһ˿˿ѪϢ
ս̫̫ˣɱǳҡħϢҲƿߵϢ˫ϵᡢɱͷ·ⳡһ
ƬͨڻңһǰһЩһ۷Ҳǰˣһ㲻Σա
ڶȻǸǡ
ȻҲʱЩħӵܿһЩǿĶħǸʱпһʱ䡣
ԣЩԾ
̤뵽챮󣬵͵ɫһ䣬˵
ԣܲԾѰ챮ħƿߣﲻܳѾ̤챮ȴûзһλƿߣħҲûз֡Уйɱĺۼողá
ĳҲɫء
Ƕǻ˺ܾúܾõЩϸԪϸԪȻ챮ʲô
ҵĵӺ͵ѶϢҲᵽƺ챮˺ܴı仯뵽ΣСҲСĽһЩȻ﷭ǲЦ
ǬҲѵˣλʩչ˷ɨ
ţǰħܶܶħ
ȻַƺӦʲôָһ˵
ħǲҪ¶ˣҵҪ
Ǭ̿ʼͨź𣬵ôѶϢƺ޷õӦǬ𵱳˺һЩ
ͨЩǬܹλá
ҵˣ򣡡
ǬһָȻ֮ǰַ巢дħķ
ǵȥһˣЩħʲôı
ʱǬҲֻܷӲˡ
λҲÿɷݣʵ챮УǱȽϰȫģοΪʮڼϵǾ͸Ӱȫˡ
ǣҲǬ󣬳Զȥ
ħöħ
Ȼûзɶ೤ʱ䣬Ϳǰ飬ħЩħƺΧʲô
ַħҼ٣ħնɱ޶ħ綼֪˶١
ǰħǾС׼ˡ
ǰħǶħʵϣħħУҲǶĴڣվڽ
ַ֮𺳣Ϊ
ǵģЩħ޾һ𣬱ַɵЩħ統еħʵ̫̫ࡣ
ѹ֣ħֻǰһֱƿߵΧ֮ڣЩħͨ͸жڲͬħΧ
ַļʶӴħͨħһһǧħκβһһ
һʮ򡢰ħأ
һҪֲħɣħĿ£ֱ޾޷ȫɱ
ԪˣҲֻܽħѹڰСǧ磬޷նݳ
λ˭ȥЩħ
Ǭ˿һѯʵʵȳ֣ҲзյģǸ̽ЩħġɫΣ
һһЩǿħҲڱֲ
ɣ
ãڶЩʱַǰһ֡
ħַҪħˣͲˣһðգַкξ壿ܹٵõ籾Դ̵ܹڵһŶǶʯսսѸٵʵ
ˣðҲֵá
ολ󣬳ʲô˲ɱַ壬Ƕ۷Ҳһɱַ塣


1448 һڷ籾Դ
𣿡
Ǭû뵽һվǺǬˣûǰȥ͵һȥһԡ
ˣôЩȡҲõκγ
ֻǣû뵽ַȴվ˳ַ壬ǬУҲǺһƿ߰ˣǼԪ˵һԱӵĳ
Ǿͺˣλںѹ󣬺𾡹ܷʩչ
ǬҲַ屣֤ѹַġַȴûзϣΣգǵÿԼ

ַ峤˿۾΢΢һУǰħ漴ӰһͷϸֳһƯŵ硣
̣
ڸ磬Ϊһš족ͷ·Ǻڶһ˲ħ
ЩħͨħħһħַڸĿֲѹ֮£ûеֿ֮ͳͳɡ
䣡
һַ̣ڽѾȫʩչѹѹһƬħݺݵѹȥ

ˣħԽԽ࣬ˡ
ħһôֱ࣬ǰ̣жһ𶼱ħˣֻϧ𶼱ס׶༪٣ôӳ죿
ƿ߰һȫ˴ЩħһıѾã챮򸽽Ѿû˶ƿˣңԴ˻һ֪
ڽУһƬѪɫɱϢգǧƿߣʮλһ֮£ħսš
Ѿս˺ܳʱ䣬һĶƣȻһڽе֮޾ҲֻһЩŵ˵
޾ħΧһҲԲǰǶ챮򸽽ǲħһ£һЩ籾Դ
û˿˵Ǳ
䣡
ȻȺһӰ͵̧ͷ˽ϿգһƬ޴Ӱ͵ֶ¡
⡭ƿߣ
ÿֲϢԲһ𣬶ǶһĶ𣡡
ǵľԮˡ
ǵþˣЩħٶΣڶǰͳͳֻڻҡϡ
ɰǧƿǶ˷֮ǰѾڣȴϣ
λǰӪǣ
ƿԺжֳôһͷһ̣޴Ӱ͵һӽ٣ħƿߣͳͳ̽ڽ֮С
ţ𣿡
ңԶĽУһӴ󣬼ֱޱ޼ʵħüͷ΢һ塣
õļƻҪһЩ챮ɣǣֻҪƻɣʱܹ赲ħ
һλħ𣬳˵
ǰļƻҪġֻǣϧЩǣͲЩĶ֡
ٺ٣ΪļƻӦøеҡοħ粻٣ǾͲֻǻʧȥǰĻۡԺħصУͶһ籾ԴˡһļƻɹռСǧ磬û籾Դ
õյ˵ͷǰʮÿһλ˴֮УƺΣյĹͷ

ħöħ
ַ۾ھħѾܾöûħˣնɱ޶֮󣬾Ҳûħ
԰Ƶħַ籾Դֱ಻ʤ
ַǣһһħûС԰ħôһһħûУ
ħΪ籾ԴͨħҲתΪ籾ԴַħٽתΪ籾Դ籾Դ
԰ƣӽǧͷħҲַ˽һڷ籾Դ
һ籾Դַ嵮硣
Ҳ˵һڷ籾Դַ֧ڵĻ֮ڸ磬ûκ⡣
ŴħתΪ籾ԴַҲٿ̽籾ԴͶ뵽˻֮СԭѾ˾ŽһŶǶʯг籾Դ֧ţˣѸٵĿʼ硣
Ž͸ַһŶǶʯȻֻͨĶǶʯڻڣֻڵļޣʵ˭
һֶʯֻбƿʹ֮󣬲ܹ伫ޡ
ôһŶǶʯһ򡱣Ʊؾ춯أַܹ޴ʵ϶ҪܳʱһúķѴ籾Դ
籾Դַ嵱Ȼö׼б޻
ţƿߣ
ַһоڽУƺƿߣЩħһ𣬶̡ڽ
ǣַ֮̽ЩƿƳڽ


1449 ħ
ৣ
ǧƿߣһӶŲƳַڽǡؼաƺһӶûлع
⡭ǰȫˣ
ȫˣħʧˡ
ڰȫˣ󡣡
ħʧˣǡˣ
ʱƿ߲ſǰַ壬ԼԶһһƺΪ׵ַ΢΢һص˵лλִȣǽվҪڴˡ
ǧƿߣҲ׷׳лȡ
ַҲǸ߸ϵĶ֮ҲͬǰЩĹάû̫ľȡ
ȵǣǧ𣬶һطȻûԮ˵ûԮֻĶЩ̫ϳʶ
Ͼ챮Ȼħǵʵȴħƿ߶ڷĵط˫һ֧Ԯ
Ƿǳġ
ǵô£ôᱻôħΧ
ֱַʵʵϲʣǬͬʡȫͬ
λһƺҲַλĲͬѰǸ߸ϵĶĻشλ֪챮ƿħᡣڼǰһжˡ֪ӿ˴ħֱ޾ǿĶֱӾԽֽߣƿһ˽
ƿһҲʮλ򡣵Щħ׼֣ȻһĽǶסǱһֲԲŻΣ
ַüëһʮλأ
ʮλǿɲһС֣оǼԪ˵ĳԱζӡ
ħַܹѵһħ
Ǭǰһʵ
ħǣͲʲôħʵνħҲħһ·ߣԲһΧɱʮλΣƺǳĹŹ֣ħԭ𣬶ǸΪ֮ɱҲһ١һΣȴԭжħͳͳһˣǳ֡
ǬһۣܿԷеء
ƺ֪䣬ѾһУУǳĿֲ
̴ѶԪˣʲô٣ӦüԪ˸߲֪
Ǭ̿ʼѶҲǼԪеһԱȻ²޶áҶҲ㲻ȥ
ԪϣǳɣԤΨħԪȴǿӲÿһλԪ˳ԱҲӦԪ˶ħսĺ١
ҲǵŽᵽģԪ˵ġա
ǿ֪ǼʮλԼˣ
ַץס˹ؼ
ʮλƺ챮󣬾ͳʧһжҲôΣգ޲ߡ
ַ˵ͷǵȷһ֮С
Ǭôɣ
˶Ǭ񵽵׽ȥǬ˵㡣
Ǭһҧڻɺ¾챮ħ춯йءǵüȥѰҺҵҲŪ챮򷴳ԭ򡣡
Ҳ˵ͷٲܰ;ϡ
ַ嵹νҪʯҲҪ籾ԴħԽԽãܹ֤ڵĶʯ˳ġ硣
ãǾͼѰҺǶϽ뿪챮ɣԵԼɢ챮˳һ鵽׷ʲô¡
Ǭһ֣ƿ߱Ѹٵ뿪ˣٴҲǷǳΣաϾ˭Ҳܱ֤һεôãַܹ˵ľԮ
Ǭȵƿȫ뿪󣬱㿪ʼʩչطͼסľλá
ܵʲôţٳٶû
һʱǬ¶һ˿ϲɫȻ֡
ˣ챮û
Ǭϲڷ챮б֮º֧Ųסˡڿû䣬ֻǲ֪ʲôԭ޷ٴѶϵˡ
λˣ
Ǭλ΢΢һ֡
޷ֻҪ˺ľλã֮ȻֽȺ𡣡
𿪿˵
Ҳ˵ͷȡȻȻ챮ƺһʣǶöЩıʣ
ãǾٶȳ
ǬҲֱӻΪһ⣬ٶ챮ȥ
һҪסΪʦѾˣ
ǬᶨԺΪأ¸һЩۣҲһҪº


1450 Ųסˣ
챮һķϵ磬ڱ
ʱӰΪǱӽ硣
ôʱ䶼ûǰԮο׶༪ˡ
ǰû뵽ջԭֻһ
˺𣬷򣬺ôᵽز
λ𣬸ǱϵϢѾ˹ȵס
ΪһˣһŮӣ쳤ۣȼһ㣬˿ҲüͷûеͷͲҪǰãѾʦȡϵʦǶһܾȳǡ
ǺǣͲҪοˡһжѾ޷ϵˡοѵǿһĻ˵ʲô𣿶ʮ񶼱סΣڵϦЩħıѾãӳȥʦˣҲ޷Ǿȳȥ
Ҳͬ뷨
ҲĬˣǰԼʦǷǳݵģѾΪһ𣬵һѣǵһʱ뵽ʦ
ҲΪ̫ʦˣˣǳΪһ𣬵ʵϣҲԶԶûг׳ɳΪˣðս챮򣬾ϣԼȥ
ֻǣû뵽εðȴˣıʣϱڶ࣬ǱıĻѾˡ
ˣ˵ĴҲ׶༪١
һ뵽֮ǰһĻڣ𶼸еЩҲеˡ
֮ǰһĻֱǿʮƽʱһ˿ѷںʦĶǣȴһ뵽ΣյĴУħס
һĶ𣬶֮Ӷܡ
һ뵽ʮ䣬Ͳ챮죬һĻҲ֪챮϶鷳鷳
ЩħǣҲһžı
ֻǣħʲôľıȻЩһ𣬸޷Ӱơˣ˱ֺħҲɳǿħ׷ɱȻûжħ𣬵ЩһħҲǷ֮
һ·ӵĺܼź챦ˡ
ôԶҲͣˣٺ٣͸ˣ챮򶼱ӵȥ
Ȼһɭɭص֮Сʱ˶ɫһ䣬ħһֱ׷ɱǡ
Ҳֹһħк½ʮħһħ׷·ţǿӵȴɶ㲻Щħ׷ɱ
һУ漴ǰֳһ챦һˮֻǣӨ͸ˮȴƣȻѾܴټǿʹãﶼᱻٵ
ȴûѡֻ
Ļˮֻʹһˣιǿ¾͵Щħˡ
˵
ûϵѾĸˣˣҲˡôãǶ׼
Ҳ˵ͷᶨҲܲģһҲĥѣճΪһ˭Ըھȥ
Σ
ˣ
ʩչĻˮ򣬶ʱһƬɫĻСǺʦı
һֻʹΣÿһΣֵܵסĹһ𣬵úķһʱ䣬ܹĻˮķ
ֻǣǰĴΣȻһǸˣֻʣһηĻᡣ
Ҳˣܿͻ飬ʱĶӣ
ħһ֣ʱʮһħʩչħĻˮݺݵĹȥһʱ䣬綼򱬣һ·Ҳȫֻǿдȥ
һΣĻˮԺ̷֧ܲŵǴȥ˵
꣡
ڣħǿƵķ񹥻ĻˮҲ֧Ųסˣһ޴ѺۣĿġ
ոǿɱһ·ĻˮѾ֧Ųסˣ֪ȥһΣǲˡ
ˣˣȻӲǾͲˡҲҪħ汳
һҲ͵һҧɴ಻ˣĶǰʮħ
ˣǲ˰ɣ
ĻˮѿΪ׵ħϲ췢һХ漴ȫٴκݺݺĻˮϡ
أ
ڣĻˮҲ֧ŲסֱӴ򱬣Ϊ촷ۡ
ʦ𣬵ӳŲסˣԭµӡ
һ˿ᡢˣ漴̧ͷĿ͸¶żᶨ֮ɫ


1451 Ⱥһ
ã
ٷеǬƺӦʲôɫ͵Ĵ䣬ɫޱȵ·ѾڱŭıԵ
Ǭô£
ҸıĻˮ򣬾ڸղţҸӦˣĻˮˣº׶༪ˡ
뵽Ǭͨ죬ɫǲ֮ɫ
ţܸӦλ𣿡
ַüͷʵ
ܣĻˮҼģźϵڸղţʱҾ̸ӦˣӦþǰ治ԶԲʮľ롣
ʮľ룬ƽʱԶֶʱ򣬼ǶҲҪٰʱ
ʱ㹻֪ٴˡ
ˣǬ˵ʹࡣ
֪λãҲûа취
ַһ£ʵа취˲ִСǧκһط̫Ҫһοռ䴩Ļᡣ
ռ̣֮ԭֻʣĴοռ䴩ĻᣬϴζԸٿʱʹһΣֻʣΣһξһΣǳ󣬹ؼʱǿġ
ַʱӡǣǱȿռ̵֮Ŀռ䴩桢ǿˣַԣôˡ
ַܹһοռ䣬ζʲô
а취
Ǭǰһƺһ˿ϣ
Ǭһܹռ䣬ֻһ˴ռ䡣Ԫܲ߱һܹ߿ռͨдֻǣÿһΣͻĵһδĻᣬڣҵܴĴѾ޼ˡ
ַĻ£ǬҲǰһ
ܹ߿ռͨдǿǷǱѰ½ֻһΣǶؼʱ̣ǿԱġ
ĪǴ˵еĿռ̣֮
Ȼ𿪿˵
ַЩ죬Ȼһھ͵˿ռ֮챦֡
ţĪ֪ռ̣֮
ַҲ֪ռ̵֮ľл֪ȻŹ
ǿռ֮ˣǻԵСʵռ֮̾ǴӼԪȥģȷе˵ǴӼԪȥġԪ˾ſռ̣֮ȫ߱Ŀռӡڿռ֮Уÿһռܹ֮оŴδ߿ռͨĻᣬȻЧԶԶ߱Ҳһһˡ
Ԫ֪ΪҪÿռ֮ȥȷмԪ֮챦ĴڡǬĵоˣռ̣֮˲ϢִСǧκһԶľ붼ͬ衣
Ľͣ޲Ľַ塣󣬱Ͼ߱жô棬˶ѾʶˣǿܹμԪٶռֻ֮߱ҲѾǳֲˡ
ȻǵȷĽ̰ȴûСԪ˳Աϣ֮仹ǱȽϺ
˽ɱԪ˿ɲĴͷǷǳġ
ǬҲ·ץסһݣæַ˵Ȼпռ̣֮ǾٶȣȥȳҵĵӡģһɹȳҵĵӣҶŶǶʯϣҵĵˣҲŶǶʯʹÿռ̵֮Ĳ
ŶǶʯġۡνأǬҲ챻ͿˣԪĻۡ
Ϊַܹÿռ̣֮ǬҲѾϧˡ
ŶǶʯ
ַ˸ͷռ֮дһεĻȻҪʱӡǣַ岢ôءʱ̵֮Ŀռ䴩
Σⶼһܹ˲ϢִСǧκһʹһΣǿռֻ֮̾ʣεĴˣַ嶼ء
ַƺЩԥǬҲһҧ˿ţҸ˿ŶǶʯҲϳĳ֮⣬ʣµжǶʯˣһҾȳ
ǬٴγϿҵַһݣ˿ŶǶʯҲǬļˡǻ˼ԪĶ𣬵ҲͿˡ
ο˿ŶǶʯַҲȷĶ
ãĳ̳
ַҲԥǬϸ˽Ļˮľλúһӣɢ͹âĿռ֮̾ͳǰ
Ȼǿռ̣֮
һ˿âҲǻԵɺ֮£֪ռ̣֮ʵϣûмռַֻ̣ܸ֮ܵǰĿռ̣֮ƺɢŲͬѰĹ򲨶
ˣ
ַ̼˿ռ̣֮ʱһŹâַϣڽУԼԼԿһڵͨ
λǼԪ˵ĳԱȻ߿ռͨһҲûκλɣǾ߿ռͨ
ಣ
ַӰѾ߿ռͨĳ֣˲ɽ߿ռ֮ͨУʧӰ١


1452 ˭Ǻ
ɣƿߣҲҪǵ汳
һ۷Ѿаǧϡ԰ͰУڵĶʯҲͱ˶ǶʯΪ𣬼嶤
ֻǰѣ챮ðգû뵽ΣҲǺΣ
ʲô鷳ʲôΣʦףʲôʱʦ𶼻ʰһЩо֡
һΣʦˣʲôҲֻܿԼ
һЩڣҲźη壬ҲҪħ汳룬ͬҲˡ
ٺ٣ıѾˣǻǾɣԽǾԽĿ죡ǵ磬ᱻһ䣬ͳͳɣתΪħ˵ǣҾܳΪûˣ
Ϊ׵ħҲһħ𣬶۷һǵǧħֻҪٶһЩħһЩ籾ԴܹһӶ϶ǵٽ㣬Ϊǵ
һ֮䣬ȻֻһĲ𣬵λȴر
ֻжǣСǧ統еĸ߲㣬۷ڣһ
һǵħ統УֻһЩλȴԶԶɲ˰ҲħΪο׷ź˲ŵԭ
ǲλһ𣬸ҪǣЩħĻԵһ۷Ǿʹţϵ磬ǵת籾Դ
¹ʵħƿߣǳӡ
أ
ʮһħ𣬷ĳֲħǵأ˻ԵϢ
ոһӴͻһʮϰôһӲƴˣûЩ۷ħǰͲʲô

ȴƴͷһӰʱѾ˼ɣһЩħ汳
ˣſڽҪЩħĽ֮УԸԱҲһҪϵ汳ġ
ôľٶȻûħϵȻƿߵڽܸĻԷҲҪԷϧһдۣͬھǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ںѾ֮ǳ£ˣЩħҲðգĺľˡ
ѹ
ʱƣԽԽˣڽѾܵشǰħҲ
ǣ۷ħħѹ֮£Ҳ˿á
ߣ磬Ӧ㹻۳һħˣ
۷һħͷ촽һ̰֮ɫһѾ˺ܳʱ䡣
ˣ
ʱλ𣬰ڣѾħֻǳ¡УȴƺƵһȦȦĿռ
ͬʱڵĽУԼֳһڵĿռͨ֡
ǡ
ħ̾;ȴ΢΢һ㶣Ҳûм֪ô£
ৣ
ͻȻУһ׹һӰ˲ǰ
ħ
Ӱֻ֡
ʱֺֻ޴˲Ϣ͸˷ԲķΧħƿߣ·𶼸оϢһ㣬Ƕ޷
ֲѹݺݵѹʮħϡ
Ϊ׵ħ죬ƺʶʲô󺰵ƿеĶ𣡡
ʱʮħ־ȫޣֻһͷǾӣ
һǣȻֻһ֣ȴرмһ޷Խĺ蹵һˣǰİЩħ˵ֱʩչħطҪطߡ
ߣСĳɡ
𣬺ȻǸոÿռ̴֮󵽴˵ַ塣
Դ˿ַʵﻹʮһǰߣ
Щħ𣬿ɶǧ򼶵ɺ籾Դɲ٣ַȻŹ
ֹ
ַֻϢֶʱ
ʱԸһЩһȻεĲ˲串˷ԲʮһħҲһӾֹסˣǿطʱǰͲֵһᡣ
䣡
ţַľ޴ҲһҺݺһץʮһħֱץУ漴ӽڽ
Щħ𣬼ȻַڽǾֻ·һ˿ѵĿܡ
ַӿռͨдٵʮħһ򾡣̺ʵϣʹõʱһûС
ȵַ彫Ŀλʱ𶼻ûлع
˭Ǻ𣿡
ַһһɨƽʵ


1453 ſŶǶʯ
˭Ǻ𣿡
ַĻ£Ҳ·عյĽȣոյʮ׶񼫵ħѾʧ٣Ҳ˿
þˣǵþˣ
Լæǰһ˵ҾǺлǰ֮
лңʦ𸶳˴ۣǵġʦں棬ȴһɡ
ʲôʦҲˣ
ϲ⣬ԭΪټʦˣû뵽ʦһֱûзһֱѰټ
ҲҿʦûзĻ¾׶༪ˡ
Ҳ̾û뵽Ǻʦǣ˵ʦһ㣬֮ǰţڿġ
Ľһλʦ𣬶뵽ǰһǶеٮٮߡ
ֻǣﰲȫ֮ǰһĻ߸λɣ
ԣһҪ߸λתء
ǣɺ棬ַ˵ǰ֮׷ɱΪǿһĻܡ
ţ
ַ̧ͷüͷ΢΢һʲôܣ
ǹʮλħסһĻ
ǣһһʮ֮ǰһĻͳͳ߸ַ塣
ַҲ΢΢һ
ʮλ
ַ뵽һ̤챮ʱûпһԭЩ𶼱Щħ跨סˡ
ӺĿе֪ЩĴɲôáµǱȽ鷳Ϊǣ浽𣬺пܻǼԪ˵ĳԱ
ңַûе֪ȫҲ֪챮ħһǷʲô˵ʲôı
ʮλλᱻס
ǣַ̫Ҳһ֮ʡο鷳ҲûǬһжС
ǣֱַӽʶڽУڽӽʮλħҶǧħǿħ
ַҲûнǶնɱѯʵ֪ҵڽǾͲˡħʲôı
Ϊ׵һ۷ħ𣬴˿̾壬ȷַڽҲͳˡ
ַѯʣħЦһٺ٣նǵħΣҪǿеõ鱨ͲܡˣǾһħ
䣡
Ż£ħȻԱħͬʱʮħҲһԱħ
ַҲûֹֹ֪ҲûκãֻҪЩħ˵ַҲܱ˵
ħǷǳ鷳һ£ȻħȴħСħǿ֪һЩ鱨ǳѡ
ַҲû⣬ԱҲԱˣΪ⡣Щħħܹתٷ籾Դ
Ȼַתÿһħ࣬ʮǧ򼶵ħ𣬶һоǧϵħ
˴תҲַһǧ籾Դ֮ǰһһڷ籾ԴǾǧ籾Դ
ôӴ籾Դʮϵˡ
ڣַڽĻ֮ȷŬ磬ȴͨ磬һһӴĽ
һŶǶʯһǱضǷǳֲĽ򣬿ַĽˡ
ֻǣô޴һҲķѺܳʱ䡣ַ㹻籾Դǧ籾ԴôһͨĶǶʯȫ㹻ˡ
ûǰַҲŶǶʯġޡ൱ڸ磬ֻ߸ࡣ
ʱһһĹȥһʱԶӰ

ʦ𣡡
Ǭڸϵˣû£ǬܼǬΨһĵӣ²ˣһ꣬ǳ
ĻǬҲķôĴǰӪȺ
ʦλǰҡ
ϽǬ˵
λΪʦĺ𣬶Ϊ˾㣬Ƕһĸߣúúøл𡣡
Ǭźǰٴַл
ַҲûпεȷ˺һûпռ̣֮ºξ׶༪ˡ
ǰ˿ŶǶʯһŶǶʯһſŶǶʯ
Ǭַ֪ҪʲôǣҲûе飬ֱó˾ſŶǶʯҲǬ𼸸ԪĻۡ
ЩۣǺԥȫ˳
ſŶǶʯ
ַӹ˾ſŶǶʯһ򶨵˿Ҳ̲ס΢΢ļ⼸ջһΣһſŶǶʯȫʵ̶ֳȣ
붼ĳȣޱȼ


1454 ħ
ַõ˾ſŶǶʯλҲõӦĶʯܴӼԪܲ챮Ƕûг֡
⻹ǡɵáʯ
ȻҲããҲô˳ҵ𣬲Ҿȳ˺
öǶʯûκεĲ˼ʲô¹վǶһƣҲǬġ
ˣλ𣬻һȽ£֪챮ıʡ
ַ忴һۺ𣬶Ҳᣬ漴֮ǰһĻλ˵һ顣
ʱλɫ죬ȻܳԾ
ԭˣѹ챮ôħһʲôıʮλǲ޶ԣڼԪҲûյϢߣյϢȴ޷֪ͨǡ
ԣƺһķеĴѶǸ޷紫ϢĻܲʲô޶ԡ
ǵȥǵʵЩ𣬱ϾǼԪ˳Ա
λҲûӲ뷨Ԫ˳ԱһЩ֮ͬġħ
ҲãǶǼԪ˳ԱħĶ﷢˲ͬѰ£ԣħʲôıǲ޶ãҲŪܲ㱨
գǬҲ˾ҵһ̣ʵѾˣλ̽챮ħıҲʱɷʽǬţ䵱Ϊߡ
ӦûʲôΣˡǿԴ뿪챮򣬺ħɨһˣǻܰȫסһҪٶ뿪챮򡣡
Ǭ𽻴һ漴ٴֿ
պ˵ķٴ̡һΣҲʲô״ÿһλ˴ս׼

ʮλ𣬼Ԫ˻ᰡԪٶҪˣѹħһ٣ͳͳҪΪһң治֪Ϊʲô
һտĽУһħҡҡͷ˵
ڽУʮλ𣬱ʮλħΧסһдѹš
ʱƣʮλܲãһЩһĶ𣬶Ҫ֧Ųסˡ
Ҫʮλһ򾡡
ôףΪƻƻСǧ磬ܵõʲôڼԪлΪһҡ
һЦŻӦ
ŬڼԪǰռСǧ磬ʱħУпܵһλħħƿϣǽСǧ磬߸ɴǩ磬Ҳʲô¡
ħõδ
Цһǲ̫𣿼ԪǰжǧĽ֣ʱ򣬱˵۷ˣҲħռСǧ磬𣿺οСǧ磬ΪħǿЦҪôףǧħô٣
ǵⷽСǧ磬ǾҪⷽСǧ磬˭Ӳ
ƨħֻԼߣ˵ô࣬ʲôãǻǶҪɱ£ǵļԪ֪ܲʱҵħӿռݵİСǧ磬ʱҪˣ
ħ޼ɵĴЦţ鿴ޱȵֲ
ˣǶˣԪ٣Ƕˡ
Щɫ̫ãԪ٣һ򶼱ˣǼԪˣ
ǲû˭

λд鷳𣿡
ʵ
ʵߣȴһǿַӵпռ̣֮ǿģҲĽĵط
ɫأҡҡͷݺ˵Щħסʮλ𣬿ıѾáҪӦʮλħ𣬺ѰֻҪͼЩħĴ󣬽ʮλ𶼾ȳʱ򣬷ΪʤҲôңɼ
ҲĲԡ
ҪȥʮλħǸͲܣǴȥǵȻȥûκΪһλȥ
Ҳа취Ǿǲֱʮλħ𿹺⣬ȴƴ󣬾ȳסʮλ
һ˳˵ܷΪʤˣֻǣ˭֪һΣԣĬĬ׼
ַֻ˷ˣ˾ſŶǶʯ֪ЩǶʯļΡվǶǶʯַҪȫ磬ǾҪ籾Դ
лԸʮλħܻնһЩħַԺſŶǶʯͲó籾Դˡ
ˣ
˸˼ԼĴ㡣
ȻǬͣĿ⾼ĶǰԶһȣպ鱨ЩħԼסʮλ𣬾տĽС
λһǰȥ̽һһױЩħ֣ỵ˴¡˭Ըȥ
Ǭλɨһۡ


1455 ʮλħ
ȥɣпռ̣֮澪ЩħҲ˳ѣҲЩħİΧ
ַȿڡġ԰ڡ߸оãⷽȷơ㱻ˣ뵽ħΧ֮УҲܼռ֮ߡ
ˣȻһЩǡ
ãǾͺˡ
ǬҲ˵ͷûп֮£ȷַǰȥ̽ʵġ
ǣַϢϢǰĽȷȥɵĺһΣȡЩħ֡
ܿ죬ַͽĿˡĿ΢΢һɨȻڿտĽУħƿߡ
ħƿߣȻǶǴڡ
ʮλƿߣҶǶȻ᧿ΣƺҪ֧Ųסˣ㻹û䣬սڣһƵ̾ӳ
ַԺתͷԤ뵱Ҫ࣬ûж䡣ѾһЩҪ֧סˡ
ֻǴֳַܳԴƣַҲˣڴΧгʮλħ
˵ʮλħŴ󣬲ܽʮλסͼһ򾡡
ôħ𣿡
ַܾȣʮλħ𣬲λôĶħ𣬼ֱδšһʵԺɨһˡ
ѹʮλԶԶǶ֣סֻĵȴħУͻȻӿôĶħԲͬѰƺʲôʡ
ַ²⣬Ҳ²ʲôҲһ֮Կʮλħûп̶ֳȡ
ˣַϢ뿪λǰ
ַ巵أǬæǰѯʵΣ
ַλɨһۣ漴أ˵ȷʮλʮλϢǣǻ֧סûκһλ䡣ҲлϢǱħĴסʮλħڲŴ󡣡
ʲôʮλħ𣿡
ַġϢǼʶǬҲ̲סĿɿڴ
ǲλʮλħ𣬶ʮλ
챮ħǵĵ̣һ򣬾ʮλǵ
̫ˣ̫ͬѰˣοʮλǵ𣬻ʮλ˴֮УǳԶʮλǴѶȥ
Ȼʮλ𣬸޷ѶһЩħֽţ챮򶼶ֽš
λڸô죿
ַʵ
𶼳Ĭϵɫ粻ʵϣҪѣⲻλʮλǵʮλʮλħǶҳȥսһս
ʮλǲʵ̫ˣûһ˿ʤĿܣ׳Ϊʮλεڴ֮С
ӲУô뿪ˣʮλ±ɣһ취
𻺻˵
кΰ취
һİ취˶оǰһЩڴʮڼʵǿİ취Ĳͬ졣
ʵǶʮǵƭˣҪݴסʮλ𣬿϶ҪͶٵʮλħ˿춯ˣǵϣҲãֻһ߻ᣬץסܳɹץסǾֻˣԥ
˼ǣ
ҵ˼ܼ򵥣Ǻ֮һ𣬿׼һطȫֻҪܹ˺һӣôӦ֮£Ȼ顣ʱ򣬲ٶ֣ʮλܹӳˡ
ǰһҲǡ
޷ƻأ
ǬЩĵ˵Ҳ˶ĵ£Ͼ˭Ҳ޷֤֣һܹ˺һӡ
޷ƻǾ͸ϽӣǾԲܱס򣬱ɣ
ᶨ˵һУ̾ӣǳļֻܵıȫԼ
ΪҪˣԼȥ
ͬİ취ȫһڳɲɣǾǾɡ
ַ忪ڣһ֧
ԣҲͬ⡣
Ҳ׷ͬ⣬׵İ취ˣҲðգȴĽ˷գһУ̾ӣ
º㱨ԪܲʮλֵܼܲԪ˵ǿǰǾҪǵ컯ˡ
ãȻҶͬ취Ǿİ취ȫһɾӣҪ
Ҳ¶˾ġ
ǣĬĬ׼ĿĶԶĽȡ


1456 ƣ
֣
ǬһȣʱҲٿǱ¶ˣΪûκ塣һ֣Ϳ϶ᱩ¶ʱֻܷһս
䣡
ţҪַ֪𣬶ӵǿĶڸ硣
һλʮڼϵǿ
ˣÿһλȫڵĽ֮ʱƺƵ֮ϯյУ·һӶһֻεĴ֣ħǵĴݺץȥ
ţǡ͵Ϯ
ַʩչȫһʱħеһǿħ͵̧ͷĳһ
ЩħǸоˣڴڵƿҲӦ
ÿֲ֮ǶӪˣ
ﶼ޷ͨѶôǣң֮ĲһɣɣȫǶĲ
λֻϧʵ̫ˣʮλħΣ
ǰ̫çײˣڱ¶ˣʮλħ½ֻʮλܹ֣ҲܹġҪǣҪٵʮλϡ
ΣǰӪȣⶼϣңλȻһ㣬ǽһƴֻҪܹ˺һӣǾͳɹˣǲûϣ
һЩƿҡҡͷҲһЩĻ
Ƕӳ죬ھΨһĻᡣ
ֹǣ
ħ̾жʮħʩչħŷ赲˴ǰҪַֹ˵Ĺ
վǳһ㣬ַ˵ٶҪ΢һ㣬ֻħ赲ǵǰλ𣬸޷ֵ
һЩ󲿷ȴݺݵĺ˴֮ϡ
¡¡
ַ˵ȫ֮кڴ֮ʱ˶Լͬ˴ʱ򣬼޴ˣҲַ֪˵Ŀġ
Ͳħɱǡ˺ѡ
˺ѵĽֻһӣҲʤ
ַҲĶŴڲϵĻζţûκܹ˺д󡣵һ£θģοôĿʮλħǵУַҲĲ̡
ʱ·𶼾ַֹʩչʱûκζʱͷ˵Ŀⶼ˴֮ϡǶؼڴǷܹ˺УĻһжù

ֻһ΢Ĵ죬½ֻһѺۣȴѾע˽
˺ˣȻ˺ˡ
һ֣ݻ󣡡
ħǧ㣬վǹһ񰡣
ֻһСϸ΢ѷ죬ѷ죬ȴԤʾŴ󲢲ôβƣѾͻƿڡ
ƽʱܺܿ޸ڴʮλƴѾ˳׼ĶǾͲһˡ
ϸɲһѷ죬ܱ˲˺ѡ
Ȼʮλ𣬷ı֮ǵѷ죬˲ͱҲ޷סʮλ
¡¡
󱻴ݻˣʮλħɫ԰ףȻܵ˲С𵴡
ˣ
ַ˶һۣ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ҲֻȨһԣûʲôգһУԶݵĴ㡣û뵽иӵ˳
лλԮ֣գ¾鷳ˡǶǼԪ˵ĳԱ𣿡
ʮλȫˣȴûеһʱߣʮλħһλǿַʵ
ǼԪ˵ĳԱ㡭ǻ𣿡
۾·뵽ʲô
ǻܲпᰡһ㣬ʮλ𣬾͵úˡҺãλǰȡ
λͷ߹ܣϵϢޱȻ𣬶ԶԶλ
ַҲһƺҲ˵ǼԪжħǿ
ǿǽӽڼǿ
ǿ𣬾Ȼס䣬һʱ䣬־ϲҲ֪Щħʲôı
Щħô£
ǬҲæʵ𶼱ס֮ǰûġ
Щħû´ǵˣ
ѣ
ַҲ֪ô£ĻǬȹϵμԪ𣬶ɵͬʱɫ䣬·ʲô־һ
ħˣǴٿ¾ǰˡ
Ǭţҡҡͷϳ˿ɬЦݡ


1457 ս
٣ѵǼԪ٣
ַܳԾѾ˵εļԪˣԪԺַʽַ֣Ͳ
ǬĻѵǼԪǰˣ˵ݣʮʱ
ǼԪ٣ҲȥԶˡħڣһУһУ㲻ϴôСǧ粻𣬵˵Ǿֵ֮Ĵ١ԭħѹڰСǧ統УӦڶԷûѵǰ֮£һħѣ롣
Ǭһᵽħ棬ƺͳ˿־塣
ħ棬˭ѵ
ַ岻֪ħʲôĴڣǬ˿־壬һͬһ㡣
⵹ûСħ沢ħħСǧˣﻹڰСǧ統Уħ䲻ħȴħҲⷽСǧħУΨһһλħӵһԪѾˣСǧ統еĵһħ
ħ棬ȼԪ𶼻ҪһЩΪϵڡӵһԪʼͼСǧ磬СǧΪħֻϧΪԭһٵʧܡ
ڴ֮ÿһԪΪмԪӣħҲԸοǧҲֹħ档ǲԸƿ߱ħɣҪ֣ħһУƿСǧ磬ǻô֣
ˣħռСǧ磬ˣһһļԪħ涼Ļ䣬һֱûٳ֡
Ԫʱ䣬ħһһħȴʼնûг֡ԭΪħѾڼԪˣڿħ沢û䣬ڻڵھŴμԪǰѡħһģһμԪǰ޷ΪħôǼԪ棬ҲСǧĸ䡣
ħһǳ񣬸ο޷ħħ֮£Сǧ綼ս֮УⲻǴʲô
Ǭ𻺻˵ַϸĽħ棬Լһϵеġ١
ַû뵽ڼԪ֮ǰȻĽѡȷǴ٣һλħԺɨķǰĻ䣬ûг֡
ǵھŴμԪˣҲһμԪ١˭Ҳ޷ѣȲȥͻΪһҡħҲƴһѣɾħӶװѼԪ١
ô赲ħǰģ˭ħĵˡǽ֣ǧֻǼԪˣͳͳħɨĶ
ʧô
ʮħĿ⻢Ķַˡ
ʮħʲôطⶼһɲɺӵԺɨһС˫ţսš
˵һɱ̫鷳ˡںˣҲˣˣǻϰ취ɣɱ¾Ψһİ취սѾʼˣ
Ϊ׵ħȻ𣬵ҲȥԶǣЩħ࣬Ҫռơ
ħ桭ռСǧ磬Σվ޷ΪħڼԪ֮£Ϊһҡ
̾һͷȴѾһĽ򣬳˿ֲѹϢ
ǺǣΪħΣΪħΣ벻ɣ˭޷֪ԼҲûаա֮£һ£ģħҲãƿҲգˡ
ħ𣬿ƺ
ħҲãƿҲգڴ֮¶ô˭һˣǾΨһսܽ⡣
Ըɱ
ʱƿҲûѡ񡣻һͺȣʱʩչڽ֮ƺƵʮλħϯȥ
ַ塢ǬλҲ⡣
ڴƺûеһʱߣǾѾˡħѾǰΧסһֲبڽȵУΧķϡŵĽ򣬶ħǴ򱬣Ϊ촷ۡ
ΨһսܰȫĻ߶
ַ壬ߣռֱ֮Ӵռ䣬߿ռ֮ͨд˭Ҳ޷ֹôһûᣬǧѷĻᣬַ岻֪òôĶħɲŹһ籾ԴĻᡣ
οſŶǶʯҪ籾ԴַȻμս
ǣսһɱ⡣
սɣɱ¾ɣħƿߣڼԪǰֻһܹȥֻһܻóѵĻᣡ
𡭡
ħŭһɹɿ񱩵ħ˲ϯ籩һݺݵײеƿߡ
ҵսȻ


1458 䣬һħ
ɱ
һ£λӽڼľǿߣһȫ֮ǺεȵĿֲһʱ䣬֮Χ򣬰챮Ҳһ̣˲򱬡
챮򣬱ħΧͱһգڼҲûʲô̫Ӱ졣
ƺƵսನ˷ɢȥ
Ȼ֪ʮλΪα˴֮УһһЩɵֶΡȻע⣬סǣͲܡ
ټַǾʮλˣϣҲֻЩħʮλȻ٣ǿ߲ΣƿȴҪռžԵơ
䣡
ҵײƿ߾Ȼֻ·硣
˫Ѿӽһˣϰ𱬷սǺεȵĿֲ֮󣬼ֱ
ַĲ챮ʵĳסˣˣҲ޷紫ѶҲ޷챮ڵƿߴѶ
ڣ˫ս𱬷ĿֲನǺεȵĿֲ˲ͽ챮򶼴򱬣챮ǲҲ챮ʧ٣ֿ⴫Ѷˡ
ȻʵҲû˴Ѷ֮ǰַȵЩƿߣټϺˣѾ뿪챮򣬸ôѶĶѶˡ
οĶôҲ˶Ŀ
¸ʮľ룬ĸܵﱬĿֲս
Ǳ߾ɣħı߾ô˿ֲĲ
ÿֲĲǼʮҲ˿ֲĲѵʲô£
ֲ¶аˣһ챮ʲô£ѵħս¿ˣ
һսܿͱ챮ķеħĴս֪ǶôĲпᡣ
ֻǣһжսǶԣȴпˣûκӰ졣ڵǣֻһͷǾսǰʮħħҪƿߵ磬ͬƿҲҪħħתΪ籾Դ
ټ˫ĳޣԼʹ˫һսǾѣݵĴս
ַĿҲ˸һ˿֮⣬ʮħǶħ𣬼ֱˣġ
һΣַҲȽϺãһֻڶħħ˻սħָˣַѹŶԷҪնԷħҲôס
˲ףַɲһ
ڻսУַ΢ɲ죬ڿ񱩵֮Уһʩչʱ
ʱ侲ֹ
ৣ
ַٶȷǳ죬п񱩵֮ڣʱҲ˷֡ٶȷǳ죬ʱٵԷʱַͻȫ֮ݺݵĺ˶Էϡ
أ
һ죬գۼ䣬ԷڶħֱӾͱһħͬʱһڶħ򱬣Ҳַ֮һ뵽ڽУɲװ˷ѣЩɶתΪ籾Դ
ַʵڸ磬ʱֹס˶ԷҪһɱԷҲܡ
ǿħ𣬲ôġµɱַռƣҲҹ޷նɱ
絽ڣ˫Ѿɱ˼ʱħƿߣʵûκһ䡣
ǲεĴڣҪնɱԷǷǳѵġ
ַʱ֣һԷһħԷ֧Ŷã
㡭
ַʱ΢΢һգħ˹һӸоԼʧһħɫ䣬ַĿⶼò˼顣
ûлعַʱٴϯ
أ
һΣħ֮ûУַصĺܺãε޷졣ٴַ񱩵ĹһеĹħмܣһδεĹħʧء
ʼڶħ˲Ϣ䱻ַĴΣÿһζʧһħգۼ䣬ʧħ
ٶȣȹֱ𾪲ѡ
ˣ̣
ַоâһǰħȻ˼¡Ҳԥ֮һƺƵ֮͵Ľ٣ֱѹ¡֮£ܶǻսﻹ֧ԮÿһλħԹ˲Ͼ
ˣַѹֻʣһڶħħ𣬸ֵֻĲҽһ漴ַڽ򣬡һڡ¡
սУһħˣ


1459 磡
ţħնħ
ôͱնħ˭
޵ڶħô֮ܵ죿Ķ֣ӦֻһڸƿߣѵԷʲô챦
ˣһħˣ
Ǻ𣬾ȻǺնɱ˵һħ𣡡
ַն˵һħ˫ע⡣ڻսУһλħ𣬲ħ滹ƿ߷棬ǳ𾪡
Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
ʱˣʵϴ󣬵ΣҲܼʱͱնɱο˵Ĳ໹ûô
ֻǣΣħʧһǵǾֻʣʮǵʵһ㡣
𡭡
ħǶע⵽ַ壬һĶܾ衣ħһΧ
ħһħһڶħѷɫַ٣ǿ
֣̼ѹַ塣
ȻҲֻѹưˣַʵ򲻹ķȴǿĹҪǿ򲻹ҲԱ
οڻսУַҲ̫ע⣬Ӷնɱħ𣬿»ǿħ𣬵òʧ
ˮܣ
ǣַûٶʱ򣬶Լ֮ڽӲĿסħĹ
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һ졢졢졭
ƿ߻ħ˵ʱĻս㲻ʲô
ħҪᣡ
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ֻϧħ˵ȴûжӰ졣
𣡡
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ַ忴ǵԱӰԼһ˿˿ϤϢʱЩ̫ʵ˭
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˭뵽̶̼ʱ䣬ˣ
䣬ƿһӰö֮ˡȻһֱλǿħ𹥻ˣ֧ŲסֻԱˡȴһػ
˵𺳣
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ڣ̶̼ʱ䣬һλĶŻȻⲻд裬ҲǵǴ٣ħ٣
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һʱ䣬̼֮ܵ£սӵĲҡ
ַҲܵ𺳣һħնɱģûʲô̫ĸоħѾ֪նɱ˶٣ħ綼֪˶
ǶħǰħҲԲǵһλ޶Ǳַɵĵһλħ
ħͶȫһַ˼ĳһֱڻսУ
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ˣͣڵȴŻᣬҲ쵽ˣַƺҲѾˡδ
졢졢ʮ졭
תۼ䣬ʮʱȥˡַһֱħڼ䣬ƿƴնɱ˵ڶħ
ʮʱ䣬һħһ
սɽ˰Ȼ
Ҫ֪ǶǵǶħӪƿߵӪУǶһ
κһλǴڣǸ߸ϣԲС䣬Ӳڻҡ
ǿĴڣȴһһʮʱڣ
˫ѾǰȻսˣǽ˽ɱ״̬ÿ˶һûκνҡ
ַ˼ʱ䣬ܵشʧ˼ǧ硣ţΪоڵǿŶǶʯڿҪסһˣңҲַڵΪӴĽ
䣡
ڣڵʮһ죬ַһһɺƺƵƣ˲䳯氢ϯȥڽУһױȵĽڶĽ
ڸ磬ԭ磬ַ磬Ѿﵽ˾ڶ޽ӽʮڼˡ
ңҪǣַаգնɱħ
ˣ
ַһ˿âǰħǼ¶һ˿֮ɫħ𣬷·һΡʶַһ
ǰַ壬Ϣƺ֮ǰȻͬ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַһ㣬һ̣ûκԥʱ˲䱬ֱָǰħ
Ҫһ򾡣նħ


1460 սսֵһ
ˣ
ʱ͵ĽٵħϣһΣħһƺ˼άһӾֹˡ
ͬʱַ֮ϯݺݵĺǵϡ
䣡
ֲһشһ㣬ݺݵħϣϵħҲһӱҵķ飬һͷħ
ǿħΪǺַĲ̫ˣʧŻӴ
ʧħҲֻʣڶڶħǰַ˵һвֱŲƽڽ򣬱Ͼ಻Ļַڽܴˡ
ڣַоڸ磬ﻹħħ
̣
ûκԥֱַӾħħӪУһʧħ𣬶ʱһ󶯵
ô£һʧ𣿡
ǿڶħڶħǿ𰡣ôһ䣿
Ǹƿߣеħ𣬾Ѿˣǿǵ𰡣
ַָɾնɱħһӣЩħʧشʧǰֱ˭š
ڣȴͷǰ
죡
ַеޱȵĳ죬籾Դ֮࣬ǰɵľſŶǶʯҲ½С
ȻҲҪһʱ䣬ֻҪг籾Դһж⣬綼١ӴĽ
ַǵ͵ġսս
ңַʵնɱħҲԽԽף˫ַ̫弸ֻҪһش֣Ȼٽħ̽ڽֱڽ֮ն
ˣַնħٶԽԽ죬ħµħû˭ֵַܹУһһͳͳֱŲƽڽУֱն
һ𡭡
̶̼ʱڣַնħ𣬼⼸죬ҲնɱħˣħӪһѾʧʮħ
ƿӪֻλ
ĽȣħжΪ֮һײޱȵħҲû˭
ԭħռžԵϷ磬ʧ˫ʵԱҲڽķŸı䣬ƿӪб
ʧʮħħֻʣʮ𣬶ƿʧλ𣬻ʣʮ
˫Ѿ൱ˣʵȴƿ߷ռһЩơ
ô
Ϊ׵ħ𣬼ֱԼ۾
ǳﻮôʱ䣬÷󣬻ӲӲӦöռžԵϷ硣أȴǽĴ·硣
һʱ䣬ĿⶢַϣѾĸоΪַ壬Ʋĸı䣬öħܲ
ɱɱϧһдۣ
Ϊ׵ħŭһҲӵʮħĶڣԼȴ֣ܶΪɱǻҪǿλħ𣬶š
ħ滹иǿħ٣Ͳʮڼϵħǲϧһдۣδնɱַ塣
䣡
оһʮһħħ׼ַ塣͵ıħ˲һգܿĶ֡
󣬱ٶȣַʮһħ㾡ȫȫƣ·Ϣһ㡣
ãСģ
ǬˣַΣҪԮκζ־סЩħ𣬶Ҫնɱַ壬ˣһķס
ˣַֻһʮڼϵħ
ַ۾΢΢һУܸܵԷĿֲȻûеռĵزѹƣٲά衣Χһж̶ͬһ㣬ٲά衣
أ
ֲݺݵĺַϡ
ַ΢΢һ𣬴мٸ綼ˣȻֻڵսַȫ̬ˡ
ٸ磬ڵַ壬ʲô
ɱң
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ֪˫ʵĲ࣬⻹оڸԵʣǳĻͲһʧٸôˣҲʧǧ磬ࡣ
ַܾܵʧ
Ҳûÿռ֮ߣϾڻûΣգֻһЩʧˡڼ֣˵ڵȴ
һ죬ַȫܹʧ˼硣
ڶ죬ַȫʧ˼硣
Űºַû˽ǣܹҲʧһ硣
һֱսȥö೤ʱŻ䣿
һ£ƿħ֮սǱƴġǶǲΣһս಻Ǻܴ󣬱ڣǾϼ궼⡣
Ͼ˭ӵʱ򣬿˲侲ֹסԷõ˳Ϊӡ
ˡ
ַһֱڱ򣬰ʱ䣬Ȼֻʧ˲磬ǳҲһֱ͡
ڣҪˣΪڶŶʯ˽һ˿ѷɫ֮ǰǿŶǶʯĽ
䣡
ַһ𣬻֮ϣ͵ıը漴ڱըУĵһױȵӴ


1461 ճʮڼ
ۼһ֣ƺ̾ͳΪڽУģַ壬̲סעĿӡ
ĵַڵ֮Ҳ·һżƵģһһĵ̨ס
ʮ磡
ַţȴѾϲЩšʮ磬һ죬һӿԽΪһʮڼĶ
ƿߣ֮ͨϣʮڼ֮ʵ⣬ݡλҲܴ
ͬȡ񣬵ҪȱһŶǶʯĽҲûκ顣
ΪʮڼһλʮڼǿߣһްԣͨǴڣԶԶǶ֡
ڴﵽʮڼˣ
ַܸпٶȣֱĲ˼顣̶̲һµʱ䣬ַսսսͻƣʵһࡣ
絽磬ڸǴﵽʮ磡磬ǺεȵĿֲ
ʵϣַʵȴһ㶼סðűشķգŲһδս
ÿһʵ޲źܴķգߴһٲ
ˣʵȻ٣Ҳõġ
ַʵʮڼϣʱ˼͸ӻ磬Ҳ˸ġҰˡ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַͺһʱѾ±¶ʱˣȴɺصʹʱǿ񱩵ڻ֮£ڻ֮Уû˲
䣡
ʱħ𣬶ħĵǰַ廹һشԷڸͲˡ
ֱַʱ򣬳סֹסԷȻ֮һֱӾͽ뵽ڽУѸٵġѹ촷ۡ
ʮҲЩħڽ֧ŶãʲôˡڴﵽʮڼϺַ巴ƾѹЩʮڼµħ
𡭡
ַ岻˶೤ʱ䣬Žʱ䣬Ѿնɱʮħٶ֮죬ֱ˼
ҲԶԶûַնɱħࡣ
Щ죬ֻնɱħ𣬼һܹħѾ˶ʮ
ʮħ𣬽ֻʣʮʧ룬ʧƾ޴󣬶ڴս֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽ʧô޴
أʮ𣬵Ҳʧ˰ʣʮʵѾȫħ֮ˡ
𣡡
ַ屻ʣµħţһЩħ𣬸ʮڼʮڼǿһĿͬһ㣬ַϡ
ַȻ壬ڵѾתǺ£Щħúˡ
ңزնɱЩˡ
ʣµĶʮħ𣬼һ붼ʮڼϵħټЩħһȫ治նɱ
ģɱַͣҲûǿܹ֮ɱô죬ʵǿʱûʱʵ߱ѹԣҲúķѺܳʱܹնɱһħ
𱳸˫֣ЦһѾһͿˣٸ翹Ҳ޼¡ټȥǺܿȫû
Ҫͣսˡ
ͣսַҲû飬Ѿ̫ħ֮ǰڸ磬ķ˲һǧ籾Դ
ڣʮڷ籾Դ
ǺεȵĿֲ
ô籾Դ㹻ַʹúܳʱˣǳڸ磬Ҳȫ֧ŵס
ڼɱȥƿ߷ҲһܵشѾû̫塣οЩħֻħȷˡ
ħƿߴսĻỹкܶ࣬ڶԻ˵Ҫ¾Ǽʧٽϸ㱨ԪˣüԪԵİš
ˣõĴ
ʣµĶʮħҲĬҲսˣʮħ𣬾Ȼֻʣʮ
νʧأһͿء
챮ҲΪ촷ۣļƻգټɱȥҲͽˣûκ塣
ǣħҲ㳷ˡ
ǰΪ׵ħĿ˻һۣЦδսֻǿʼѾˣսڼһΣǼԪˣ޷ֹǡ𼴽ʼˣ
˵꣬ЩħҲѸתΪһ⣬תۼʧӰ١
Уֻʣʮ𣬿Щħ뿪ȴ˭ûи˵ı飬һء
ƿ˵ٻѾˣ


1462 ʮս
ζ㡣
ĿַϡƵĸı䣬Ϊַ塣ңַսУٶȼֱþˡ
ңַôסնɱôħһܡҲأǵòģܵõʲôã
٣˶ΣڵϦʱ򣬲κƿߣҲСǧǧҪС
٣Ѿˣ
ûж˵ֱ뿪ˣ÷ؼԪܲԪ˵٣Ԫ˱ӦԵ׼
ַǬ˻ϣ˫һҲȻصԪˡַֻһˣ׼ؼԪˣ׼Ȼһ֮⡣
ǣַһ֮ⷵأĿģȻҪ֮ƬعսпܻһԪϸԪĹս
ǰַûʵ룬ڿɲһˣַ廹ʣ°˿ŶǶʯԽ˿ŶǶʯȫٽعսǸʱ򣬽عս׾ٵ¡
ַһ·أҲûжÿռ̡֮ƽţռ̻֮ʣδĻᣬÿһζ󣬲˷ѡ
ַʵһ뿪˱߾򣬻Ƿǳȫġ
ܿ죬ַͷ֮ܲ
ֳϣڻˡѹεĶʯаǧŶʯ
Բ𿴵̷ַ˴ĶʯȻҲаǧŶʯȻǴ˵ΧѹεģԲҲһˡ
ǣַҲûпʯ£ڿɲӶʯ࣬ԽԽá漴ַҲԲ˵ԲǷǳʱڣѾǰˣ֮ͳͳֽ׶Σκεš
٣
ԲЩɻ
ַ㽫챮£һһʮĸ߸ԲԲҲַôһ춯صĴսԲҲһ
Һַû£֮ɾ鷳ˡ
ֳϷģһԼ֮ĳԱ٣ܶȹȥ𣿡
Բ𾡹־ᶨȿֲƽ٣޷ֹˮ򶨡
ַ峤̾һħϯкܴˣӦܹ⡣ֻǣħƽܻ⣬Ĵ٣ȴܹӹ
ַ˵ǼԪ٣Ԫ٣ħĴٹȻֲʵϣ۷𣬻ǲµġ
ħϯƬСǧ磬ֻҪħ棬ǻܻġԼԪ٣ȴ޽⣬ֻܿԼһҲ
ԲҲ֪˼Ԫ٣ԣҲû˵ĬĬĸ뿪
ַ̾һ漴Ҳ½ĿǰЩǧŶʯЩʯ㹻һڸˡ
ңа˿ŶǶʯҪʱ
ַ֮ڣȫ磬˵ʵٿ죬ƺҲԶԶʱ䣬ˡ
һ졢졢졭
ǧŶʯֻ˼ʱ䣬ȫˣַϣȷһڸ硣
⻹Ϊַ籾Դ֣ʮڷ籾ԴԴԴϵĹӦŻ֮û֮Ѹٵġô硣
ˣַѾʮ֮࣬ԶԶǽֻǿʼַ֮ڱչء
ʱ䣬ַ˵һһ£˵ڶ
һ¡¡¡ĸ¡¡
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ɹˡ
ҵ
ַ͵۾ͬʱڸոյİ΢΢һ½ֻаٷ֮һϢɢնһŤ
û뵽˿ŶǶʯ˰ʮڸ磡
ַһϲټԭʮڸ磬ôڣַڽ򣬾ʽﵽʮ磡
ȿֲսֱ󣬶һУǲһʱʹﵽĳɾַͣԼ÷˼
Ԫȷѡ񡣡
ַ૵ûмԪˣ͸ûа취ӴЩ𣬸޷񣬻ôĶǶʯˡ
ȻǼԪ˵ĺôȻкôǾȻл߱׶ˡһħڣս¼Ԫ˳ԱһӲ
ʵҪʵʮսҲԶԶ
ַֹʮڸ磿ΣħסҲǺް취ַ˵ĳ֣ʮλ𣬿¶׶༪١
ˣʮսԶԶǽʱ
սȥȥ̽һ̽
ַ̧ͷ漴ӰһΣʧС


1463 棡
챮Ѿ׻Ϊ촷ۡյһƬƺûжˣħƿߣȻΥġ
䣡
ȻյĽУ͵ĸֳһڵͨڵͨبڽ֮У·һ֮ϡ
߿ռܹͨСǧκһ߿ռͨʱ˿̣ͳ챮Ͽա
ͬʱ߿ռͨڣ͵ĸֳһͱĴ߿ռͨд
мԪ˵ϳȻǼԪ˵߱
ħ棬ɣ֪Ѿˣ
߱дһ
ƺûκλӦ߱ĺب֮С֮һ̾Ϣ
û뵽ôԪѣֻʣһٺ٣ˣȻһ
УһӿһӰϢƺǿ󣬵ߣȴ·һεŤһС
߱棬޵Уεħκζ𶼿סˡ
ħô꣬ɡȻڳ˯Ǿͳ˯ɣοѣѣֺοս
߱еٴ
ԪңһһΣӦ֪ǴħΪ˻ѾԪûгˣЩƿӦҡڣһжýˣھŴμԪټ٣һδ٣ѣͶҲǾȥɡ
ħɭɭ͸¶Ȼɱ
ħ棬볬¡Ԫٺ󣬻Сǧ籾Դ֣ʱԸƾ£ȥСǧ籾Դܲܳѣڴһ١οھɱ¾
Ԫ𻺻˵
˵Сǧ磬˭ħϤɾǼԪˡϾӵһԪʼħԪս֪ٴΡ
Сǧ籾ԴСǧ籾ԴȷǺö֪֮ʱǧĽǣһһʲôƣˣ̵ֻ磬̵һУǿʵռȻܹڼԪռһϯ֮أ
ħ棬Ϊܳɹ
ֹ֪ҡԪѾһֹˣֻϧȲԪ٣߱ҲһͶڹǵУκε˱棿ʱ˭˭ֹˡ
ħ棬ɣѵͲնɱͽͽħô࣬㣬˭ܵ߱
ԪǶôʱˣԪʱ䣬ѵûѹҵЩͽͽҪɱɱǵ˾ˡ㲻ɱԺҲҪǶɣԪ٣˭ӵù
㡭
Ԫ֪ħ˵һȥɱЩħħͲۣħ涼ҪЩħ
Ԫֹ˱ģԪټ٣߱ʱҲҪΪһңαٱЩųɣѾػǾŸԪˣҲ÷ˡ

Ԫ˫ƺĬ
ħ棬ԶҲ֪ҵĸֻҪڣ޾ɱ¾߱򣡡
ˣ
żԪһ£ʱԪ·ѹգԲһӶסˡ
ħޱ𾪣һŭѸͣһħӴױȡ
Ԫˣ߱ѹסꣿʱ䣬ͻƿ߱ʱʲôֹ棿
ħʩչħͬصĻһ㣬˫͵һţҪֵס߱ѹ
ԪѾһˣȻ֪߱챦ʵҲ̺һ˿ռ䱾ԴСǧ籾Դ
ֻһ˿ȴѹգݿռ
ǵħ棬ҲҪѹ
ҲԶѹң߱ڣһѹħӳһգ߱һա
ˣǰԪԪûΣյİ취ѹħ档һΣһˣʱѾˣھŴμԪټ١
Ԫ֪޷ȹھŴμԪ٣Ȼˣʲôǣ
ħ棬߱Ҳˣ㱾Ҳˣ½ֻȡʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ֮󡭡ǾͿƿߵ컯ˣˣܲôˡ
ƺƵ߱͵һ䣬˲㽫ħѹ˱֮С
Уֻʣ˼Ԫ
֮һжÿˡ
Ʈ죬صյС߱ҲһӴ߿ռͨڣʧӰ١


1464 ̽ս
عսַһ̤룬оִһˡϴսŽֻмս
ˣսҲСʱ׼ÿռ֮ԼʱӡǣνСĽ˼㡣սеġ׺Ҳ޷룬Ӧòǹսĺġ
ڣַѾˣʮսͥɢᣬڹսУûиܵ˿˿в
ڣַٴˡ׺֮С
һΣַ޷׺ǿ׺оҵΣգƺһ̤룬ͻвһ㡣
ڣַѾоκΣˣʮս㹻Ӧκвˡ
ҿƬսܰɡ
ַɷҲ¶˾ġ
ಣ
ַӰһֱ̧ſ׺֮С
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ַһſ뵽׺УƬ׺ҵġ𶯡ͺһˮһӵ뵽˹̵͵С
׺ҵ𶯣һɹɿֲ˲Ϣ䳯ַϯȥͷ·˳һ㣬ַû
ַиܵǿĽ򲨶ңЩ򶼻ܹһֱ˼
ÿһˣǰ¶ǰڼϵĶ𣬶ңԲһλλʮλϣлԼһЩǧڼϵĴڡ
ˣγƬ޴׺ûʮ磬޷̤뵽׺УʮڼóȻ̤жǳΣա
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Щ˶ˣֻʣĲַ⣿ַҲôĹУһЩߣӶӼᶨĵĲ²⡣
ƬսضϸԪϸԪս֮϶ԪսԪôĶ
ʯöඨʯ
ַҲûĿģ̤׺֮󣬾Ϳ׺У鵽ǶʯһһţƯ׺С
ңЩʯƷʶ൱ߣԶַлҪߣץһѣϰٿͨʯٸ硣
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ַƬսĿľΪ˶ʯˣҲûпֱӿʼɨ׺еĶʯһһţͳͳɨһա
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չΡĶʯҲԽԽࡣ
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תۼ䣬ַչ˲Ŷʯ٣ȴϳˡĶʯٸ磬ζʲô
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ջ񣬴ĳַ󣬶ֻǿʼ׺֮һû̽꣬дĶʯȴַǰȥչΡ
ַ岻ϵ룬ջĶʯԽԽ٣ȴԽԽߡ
ţŶʯһǶʯ
ַȻһǰмŶʯƺڲͬ漴һץŶʯȫһǶʯ
Ʒʷǳ֮ߣǰ򼶶ʯ
һǶʯΪַǧս
ַ룬һǶʯԽԽ࣬ƷҲԽԽߣֱջַ嵱ȻͳͳСеľʵôʯǹؼ
֪ϴǬſŶǶʯļνǿǬǰ£ߣ˭óôĶǶʯ
ˣַĻֻһΣõĶʯ취
عսַ޷ġʥء뽫ĶʯȫɨһաŻ뿪
ǧһǶʯ
ڣַѾ˺ҲһЩǧ򼶶ʯЩǧ򼶶ʯһ־Ǽšʮš
ֱջַȻϲʤûнַ룬Ѿӽ˺򣬺ĸܵǿҵĹ򲨶
ֹ򲨶ַӴκζʯĹ򲨶Ҫ
ৣ
ַ彫ܵɢһգԲ֮ڣȫġƽַڡŶʯ
Ŷʯͬһ㣬ඨʯӵм䡣
Ĺ򲨶ַеһ˿˿ѹӶòڽ֮ȫʩչ
ңַ嶥ѹϵŶʯȥԽǿַľԽ̲ס΢΢Ĳ


1465 ʮڼǶʯ
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Զʯ̫˽ˣ֪ʯԵ磬ҲԵ򣬲ڽ֮ͨСǧ統УʯͿԵ߽
ֻΪԭ򣬻ʧܣǻûüΪ硢򣬾ͱ˵õˡܶʯǻ绹ǽַ嶼û˵ʯԡ
⼸δţַ壬ҲǵһοԵĶʯ
㶨ʯԣַĲ²⣬ŶʯһǶǶʯҾͨĶǶʯô򵥡
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ʱַ塰һȱĻ棬żҲһЩȽĻ档
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УйǶʯһЩϢҲɴƲ⣬ƬôĹսԭ򣬾ΪһǶʯ
ַѾѽȣ˼Ԫ˺󣬼ʶҲӡ֪ƺУûеһλ
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ҪΪȾ͵ӵǶʯں嫵СǧʷϣҲû˵κǶʯϢ
⴦սԼַ忴һƻ棬ȴ޲ָ˴˵еǶʯ
Ƕʯȥ˭õˣ
ַܺ棬֪ЩǴ֣ƴᣬֱ˭٣ŶʯƬѾ˵ʯˣ۷ӦöûеõǿǶʯ
ȻһתһĻˡڻУͻȻһİӰٵ۷ǰõһǶʯ
ƺʲôŭ֮¶ǵӰ֣Զ׼λ۷ˡ
ַ廹ܵڶʯеġƺǳģǳڡ
ıһжıǶʯⷽСǧʹûеǧı
󣬻泹ʧַԺȴͻȻһİߵԺоþõĻصš

ַ۾͸¶һ˿⡣ͷ˿еŶǶʯҡҡͷЦ˵һǶʯһôԵıȴûܹѣɱ̰ԭ
ַˣһжˡ
ƬսɱЩڵһԪһǧĳЦ
һǶʯСǧǿɱַõǰԪУħǧ𣬸ıƲ
Ƕ۷𣬶п䡣ڼԪٵУ̰ıС
ŶǶʯеġߡʧַս֣૵İɣħǧһμԪ٣ͳͳӲ
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1466 ѹ꣬ս
Сǧ磬˰˴μԪ١һԪУʵϣƿ߶ơǶԱħǶԱЩǧƿ߶ơ
мԪ챦߱һδεڼԪбƿߵԪ±ƿߵƽӵϾ
ħǧ磬ԶԶǱƿܱġ
ŶǶʯĻ浱Уַ֪ࡰءͬΪıǰЩǧл롣ħŰǧ²Թۡ
ڿַˣЩǧͲüԪ˵ıƿħһ
Ϊ˭ʤ˭ٶٶǧ֡
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ǣַɴƬսСǱޡȻսţͬڹսҲȫģٲ˴š
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ôһǧŶʯܹܹһǧŶʯһȫ磬ַٵӶʮս
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ŶǶʯŶһ޶ĶǶʯַ㣬ʮڼϵĶʯпʮڼĶʯ
ŶǶʯܳôӴĽַ嶼
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ৣ
ͬʱ߱ڣһɺƴֱӽڵͳͳų˱ļԪ˳ԱЩסˡ
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ڣԼԪݣһмԪ˳Աٸħı߾򣬵ֵסħʱ䣬һжԼŬˣммǡ
ϵص֮Уͬʱڵ߿ռͨҲʧ
һ죬һֹģȴѾޱȵˡ
ԪǼԪ𰡣˰˴μԪٶȻļԪǼԪ˵䣡
ֻϧΪѹħ棬ԪȻѾϧһдˣ
ʱ䣬ǼԪŬҲƿĴϢᡣ˭֪һħͻԪ𣬿¾ͻ䡣
һʱ䣬Ԫ˵նԵúܱ׳

ЩԪӻȹ˼μԪٵ𣬸ʹļס
ǸԪʱ䣬ǾܹԪġ
սʼˣмԪ˳Աƿߣ߾ȥֵħħߣɱ⣡
ŭš


1467 ħ֮ˣ
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ѣŰĹͬˮһ㣬˷ƺƵǶȥյеַ壬͵۾
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һսû·Ԫ˲üԪװԪħѹ꣬ǸĴۣƿħСǧ統Ű
Ԫ˸߲һʼ¶˾ģǿħѣҪħϾɱڼԪ֮ǰ׽Щħв
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ħǶħ𣡡
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ħĶħ𣬾ͻǵķߣǽ븹أǵʧж󣿡
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ֻǣһǵ𵽵ã΢΢
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ħһʩչʮƣÿһֻƶһһɲôЩɱҪЩƿڵ硣
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ʲôˣ
ħһΪڸղţһ˿ҵľף˷ǳΣա
ħ֮ˣ
Уһڶը졣


1468 ˣֻˣ
ħ֮ˣ
Ż£ûпˣȴһֻ޴ƣ̼ͷɵ˽ȵϿա
ǵأ·˷ԲħħֻǰҲôС

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Ϊ׵һһС˵ǰǼԪ˵ĳԱ
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ʱ䣬ǵȷЩˣʵֹǣб߾߶ѾٱԽԽħĳŷߡ
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ͨԽԽȹ̣ԽԽ˶ˣ֪ǧпǽͨ
Ѿȥ˼ʱ䣬ôٴγ֣
Ƕ֪ǧĽҪһͨҲôףⷽСǧ磬Ҫʱ䡣
ڣʱ䵽ˣ
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ٺ٣ⷽСǧ磿
ǰ˵ⷽСǧһλ𣬾Ȼ죬ƻΰĽµĽֱͨ˼飬ƻɹˡ
ΣŭҵȽô
νµǶû˰ɣץסǸΪ֮ˣݱ˵ǸƿһЩƺʱ򣬻̺ʱıǵĿ꣬ץסˣ˴ǧ磬´á
ʱ򰡣¶һǲţһСǧ磬ʱ򣿹ʲôʱı
Щ࣬϶Ǿץסƻͨƿߡ
ˣǶʮڼټңץסһƿߣʲô¡ڣȥңҵǸƿߵһϢ١
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䣡
춯ص֮ĳԱ磬У˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
һĻΧ̽ƿߣչʾ˵ǿơ
ˣֻˣ


1469 ʮħϣ
ӳˡԪȺӣȻħħ磬ٺ٣ǿжأûħ棬ҲǶʱܹƵġ㹥ǧ꣬Ҳһܹƣʱѳ˼ԪѹСǧ磬ͶħУ
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ò˳ƿߵ磬Ȼɣл۷ǵĳ̶ȡ
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ԽȥħǾԽǸо֡
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ȻЩߣж򣬼ǲһҲһƿߵĴڡúһЩƿߣתΪ籾Դأڿһ·ȴһλƿ߶û
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ħǷǳģοħǴħΧĸӳ©֮㣬͸ӵСĽˣϸĲ鿴ŶƿߵһһԼΧ
ĵȷȷûκεҲûʲôرǿƿϢֻôһƿߣԽԽħЩ
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㻹ħиΣֻħˣͨħ磬ֱ
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ַ۾΢΢һ漴ĶĳաַܸоԽԽĸоˣˣ


1470 ֲս
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յУһȦȦĿռ֡
ƬҲпռ䣬ˣռҲʲôַȴĶһȦȦܸомǿϢ
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֪ǵݣ
Ȼ֪Ҳ֪һΣǵĽٵĿռͨҴݻٵġ
ַ˵Ȼ֪˵ݣΪڼǰյ֮ԲĴѶֻˣ
ңַ廹֪Щ˻֮ԭ˵ȫݻ٣ǼȮϰȫΪ촷ۡ
ǿϰ򰡣ƿߵڽƿߵڽһǳϡ١ַڽ򣬵ô죬ʱộʱ٣󲿷ֽ绹ûж
粻һϰ磬ж壬ƿ߶в١
⼸ôģ
ϰȫΪ˻ҽоѾħûʲôˣħӵĲ̶񶾡
ַ֪Щġһֹ˵Ľ򿪽ַ֪ͨһ졣
û˵в֪˵˶Ϊһλ޷ֵʱջ
˵Ľַ֪ʱַҲûн֪һˣ̶̼ʱ䣬ַ嶼ڷʵ
գЩ˻ˣַ֮С
Ȼ֪ǵݣǾ͹Թ־ܰɣǷǧ磬ΰĽ¡ý⣬ҲͲⷽСǧˣֱ뿪ⷽСǧ磬پܼԪٵΣաǶ˶ĺ£
ַ۾΢΢һУȴû˿Ķ
ôܱ֤ǵĽɱң
⡭
λû˵ˣ˭ҴƱο˰ƱַͿţ
ȥǧ磬Ҳ˵˵ѣǾˣû񣬿Ҳ޷صǧȥ
ˣεֻܳɹʧܡ
˵棬ְɡ
ֶַ
ʱôܷοʱʵǽ򣬰Ľɳɳʱأ
˼Ͳַķ
Ѿܾúܾãû˸ôˣҲգץ㣬ջصǧ磡
漴λ϶¶һ˿ЦݡҲ˵飬ַ֪ŽֻǼս´ﵽʮΣ
еκһˣַ¶Ƕ֡
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ʮڸ磬ȫʩչǺεȵĿֲ˵һˣʮ򣬶пܱ򱬡
ھˣ𱬷ȫƺƵַ֮ϯַǿҲ϶޷˵ķ
ַȴһ˿â
ƾǣ
䣡
ַ屬ˣͷֳһĽһ޴ͷƺƵ֮ˮһ㣬͵ľˡ
ã
Ϊ׵ɫ͵Ĵ䡣
ڸղţеһľսĸоַ֮ױЩļ¡иһ˿ǿҵΣոо
һ֣
ˣΪ׵һȣȻʲôԶ٣Ҳûʲôˣͳͳһ֡
Ŵһ֣ǺεȺ嫣
·ض飬ѣ򶼱飬ǺңԶľ룬ܸܵɿֲ
ô£ôֲǶǴڡ
ÿֲϰȫˣЩɱ
ѵЩƿߵԮ
ܣ󲿷ּԪǿ߶ħˣôỹԮһôǿ
Զħ𣬸ܵһоľս̫ǿ̫ǿҲЩϲܸܵ
Щһλǰħϣ
ԴҲ벻ںԶĵطƿڡڧˣЩħںˣѸٵĺˣǲҪЩҲһҪˡ
ʵ֪ƿڡڧֲεսʲô˶ܲġǸǿи棬¶ûпͱսನ촷ˡ


1471 
ħǲΪ֪ƿߵһȥȥ
ƿȴɻʱ򣬻ʲôڴ֣
ɲҿȴܹϢַڵƬڿǷǳַһ˾ƬȻǼġ
ƬǼԪ˵ĳԱ𣡡
֪ʵɲ⣬Ҽ𣬶ԴЩħǾôдս
ôֲĲһεĴս˭ʱҺ鷳
鵽ˣϢԭ˵ΧҲǺ֮⣬˴ǧ罵ٵǿ߸ݻˡ
ʲôǿϰ򰡣ƿߣ
Щǧֱ޷졣ֻΪԼ˽Ͳҵȵߣҿ͸Щǧˡ
ԣЩǧֻΪ棬ͲЩħֻҪܹάסǵСǸûаСǧƿߣͬࡣ
Щǧ𣬸ɱ
ƿ߶ߣԪ˳Աżߡַ壬ȻƬһµʱ䣬һµʱ䣬Ѿԡƿˡ
ֻϧЩֻͨƿߣôҲûʵ֡οǧͬһ˭֪Ԫ˭ȥԸЩǧ
˶Щģַ֪嵽ôˣһĶйעһƬ

úã
ַ忴žŴһ֣ҲЩ˷
ǣΪ׵𣬿ֲ֮ƺƵͬɽһ㣬к
ǾǼڻ߼ʮ磬϶ǰ磬һλڼǿߣ
䣡
ַȫˣ֮ƺƵȶֵλϯȥǹֱϢƣѹһҶ
ڣǰַ֮һλ
˭뵽̶ַ̼꣬ͳΪ˰ٶȣ˵Сǧˣǧ磬Ҳֱδš
˵ĽʧˡѾСˣҲ˺ܴĴۣµͳͳʮڡʮһλϰڵ
ݣַûʱ򣬻̺ʱıǶԵֵģ޷ֲʵĲࡣ
֮ǰλûг֣ʵҲַġʱ򡱡
û뵽գۼַͱ˰ûʩչʱ
䣡
ԸƿߣǾҪ򵥶ˡ
ַһȭûκ֣ԾŴ𣬸ʮ磬аַС
ˣÿһȭȫԸȳֵ𣬼ʮ磬εֵסַȫһ
ء
ʮ𣬾ȻӲֱַӸˣڽ򶼱˲ϢѾˣΪ
ƿħ𣬵ʵ̫󣬿ħҪ΢Ѳһ㣬ƿߣȴͲɱ⣬ݿֱӴˡ
գʱ䣬䡣

ʣµߴ𣬹Ҳ䵽ַϡ
ַȻ壬ڵ֮ٶȱǣʱȻ˼ޣһٶʮսԶ˵İҪǿöࡣ
䣡
˫Ӳһǣַ΢΢һ𣬵漴ȻûܵʲôˡϾķǶģҪ˺ַڽʵ̫̫ѡ
ܡ
λƺƵģСǧ磬֣
Ϊֵټ򵥲˭뵽ַɳٶô죿գۼҪǿˡ

ַս⣬Ǻ죬Ĵսٴ⡣Ѿܾúܾãûйֺսˡ
Ƭһʱ䣬ʵЩһħ𡢶ħ𣬼ֱͲˣַɱǣܺս
һΣŴ𣬸ʮսһλ֣ǿַ嶼о˳صѹ
ԽַԽ˷ܡ
ֻսУȫʵڣԽԽоһٶʮԽԽǢƺܹʹָ
ҪܳʱĴĥһսʡȴ˳ʱĴĥַܲ˷ܣ
أ
ʵֲַΣսѾҪˡÿһν֣ȫӲӲַֻҪעˡ𣬳ֻڽһˡ
Щ˵ȴʧءַÿһιƣڱÿһι
ʱƣҲˡ
Ȼǵ
˵İֱŭɶЩɶսСǧ°񣬾ȻⷽСǧ磬ַС
ȥ
һ̣ʼƴˡ磬ʼԱһ겻ɣǾֻ·һ
ɱεǿߣԼкĶλֻƴӣһˣ½ͷԪҲὫ촷ۡ
ԣֻƴ
Ҫƴˣ
ַҡҡͷڶԷľϻǺġ𣬵ϵľҪƴж
ַʱǰͲƴ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַʩչʱ˲Ϣס˶İ


1472 
ʱ侲ֹ
ǰԺһͷ
Ѿ˰ֻ֮ϧַ֮УͲֵһᡣʱַʵռƵ֮£ֳܿܶסֹסˡ
ַʱǸڽ֮УǽĲֻҪַڽԽǿôʱҲԽǿ
ڣַʩչʱ侲ֹԷǰҲûʲô̫ĸɡǰ¹Ǿַֹڽˡ
ŶԷľַֹȻҲûпֱӷĹš
Ŵַû˿ĿǧƿߣûнСǧƿߵǡͬࡱַȻҪնɱԾ󻼡
Ȼ󻼣ԶžˣϾĻߣǧλؽ
䣡
ַĹŶԷÿһζܻԷʮڸ硣ɱСʮһ磬Ужʮ磿
ˣι󣬶ԷѾһϢˡ

һȭַûκֱһȭʹ˶Էе磬һ̣Ҳˣ
¡
ַ򱬰һ˲䣬ͻȻַоһĿ⣬ͬһ㣬˲䵽ϡ
ţ
ַ̧ͷԶյУһâ£γһڵַͨһݣ˲ˡ
ͨһͨ
ַͨȻ˵ĽͨңղŵǵĿ⣬¾˽Ŀ⡣
ڵĽֱַͨӡĸоָоַԶǣâڱ
ΣȻܻһνͨǾܻνͨ
ַܸܵĿ̺ķŭǽķŭ
һλýʱᱻһСǧƿ߸Ƴ
ȷڽܷŭܸӦոսȥõľλȫˡһһ䣬Ȼ·ǣ˰λãִ˽ͨ
ֻǣͨոմ򿪣ˡ
ͨǳˣٺķѼʹȥⷽСǧ硣
ַܸо˽ķŭ֪һνܷŭٽµ𣬾Ͳǰôˣǧ
ˣ
ͨԼٶȣƺڽ١ַһʱɵ˽ͨ£ĸܵϿһİ磬Ǻεȵĺƴֲ
ǣԼһâ·Ҫٶ¡ǵâУַܵһļ£ֻһϢַе˾ҵΣϢ
ǰҲԲǧ𣡶Ǻпܣһλ޵е
𣬼ǽǵġɱԪ٣򲻵ѵ֮£Ҳ١
ΪҪһλҪܴĴۣĲᡣ
ڣ˵λؽ϶Ѿ߳ŭַһ٣ٶĻĺ£ܲŭ
ˣ
Сǧ統У޵еʵΨдﵽǲΣʸ񡰺ɨһС
磬Ԫ˵λ˿ռļԪΪֹħλǵ𣬲֮£׼Ҳֻѹħʱ䡣
ǲεĴڣݺң޵£
٣ַʵ㱩ǰٱǧҲĶ֡
Ǻǣŭ˰Σκβң
ַŽͨǼ¶һ˿ЦݣýԱ񣬼ǧ統УҲǷǳټġ
ʱ侲ֹ
ûκԥַʩչʱ
һΣַɸе˳صĸɣһʱ䶼޷֧šһ˲䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
¡
ַһȭ˽ͨϣոγɵĽͨнҲֻһ˿˵ĽӣҲⷽСǧͶ¶
ˣַ˿һٶʮڵ֮Ȼһͻͨ
꣡
ڣͨ飬ո׼ٵǵ׹⣬Ҳʧˣַӽͨڴһŭ
Σ
ɱַεġܡ
Žͨ飬Ƭ»ָƽַȴٳٶûκζϷ¶һ˿صı顣
ǽ˵ĽˣϧһдۣҪһλѵΪӣ
½ô£ôֻһֿܣΪʱأϧҲһҪַеõʱء
Ȼ˽һΣͨٳΣ½µľͲǰˣп


1473 ܲ
ԺΣգڣַ岢ڡһץǧ磬ʲôˡ
ڶΡΣַҲ񷴹˵նɱ˵ˡ
ಣ
սƽϢѾƿѸٷ˹
𣬸ղŵ׷ʲô£
һˣַʶһλͬڱ߾Ǳ߾еĶ֮һ
ַ嵭˵˵ˣǧ罵٣ǰĳնɱˣټ֮ڣҲ޷´򿪽ͨ鷳ˡ
˵ˣ
λһ
һܣղŴսĶ֮ҲֻվΧһ㶼ҡ
ԭΪַһֻͨĶ𣬵ڿַʵԶԶĳ
ǧͬСɣϹۣûǲҪǳͻĻƿǡ
ǵھŴμԪˣ٣һжҷЩǧֹǵҲˣǺȣֹǶԸħҲûдڵıҪˡ
ַ嵭У͸¶һ˿Ȼɱ⡣
ǧַûһøСЩˣȫûнСǧƿߵͬ࣬˵ֻɽҪģһУ޹ء
СǧҲûʲôдֻҪܹǧ硣
ַȴһⷽСǧļ磬Ҫػĵط
Щǧڻϻûʲô춯ǵ֮ҪԸħûѾа˰ɣ
λСʵ
ַҲûϾ֮ǰֳĶʵ̫̫󣬽ֻսನ򶼻Ϊ˻ҽɲһĶġ
ĳǿӵ˰硣
Ȼ𰡡
ַ׿ڳϣϱòĽ֮ɫʲôطĸԪǶǾԵİˡ
ڼԪ˵УҲǸ߸ϡ
ȻĿǰʮУȴû˵˭䡣Ҫɱ̫̫ѡ
뵽˵Щַѽѷ֣ҲһҲпҲǰ
ͬնɱһַɲǡǿﵽô򵥡
ǣ𹧾˵һ£µ鷳ˡ
£
Ŀǰ߾򣬽ֻϰ𣬵߾̫ˣޱߣûͳһĵȣ׳鷳ˣܲͳҵȣʩزκһħԽߡֻк԰ʵķڷ
ƺϾԪǿƺħƿصİΧħ硣
ǿߣҲʮ𣬱ַ˵ȻһЩ
ַо²ֻ
ʲôԭʵ
⡭
ԥһ£֪޷ŪȥֻÿЦʵԪźܴѹֻħ硣ЩǧѹܣҲ޷ʲôˣƾһλϵġ䡯ܹԪˣӦЩǧ
ַˣʵЩһƣұʵǿĵơĻǳҪħҪѹ
һЩǧû٣˷ʤ
ַһʵȥħģħڶ࣬ԴԴϵĻ籾Դ
籾ԴѾкܶˣңڱ߾ȫȨ𣬾Ϳ߮߾ϣʱħνȡ֮֮ôðաϾ©֮ħжǿ
ңԪڵȷҪһں󷽵ǿߣַǰʸ
Ҫǣ󷽣ǼԪ˵Ϣ鱨ַ嶼ܲ鿴ν˼Ԫ˵ĺĽײ㡣
ۺϿգַ廹ǵͷӦ
ãĳʱں󷽡֪ǿ϶һ鷳˵ɣĸ
ַҲ֪ûɽЩ֪ܲ󷽵ĺôǿ϶һЩɽ󣬼Щʮڵ𶼷ǳѰ죬ˣַ塣
⡭ȷһ취ҺܽȣǾˣˣҲһǧʵۺӴ󣬶ҰĲڿǼԪħսǿ߾ͳͳħ磬ˣǽԪ˵һЩ鱨ϣҪô籾Դ
֮ǰҲֻίߣĵˣϾʵǷǳǿģʮ𡣵ѾǼԪ´ͨ뺣ʮ֮ڣҪĶ͵ǵϣ򡭡
ַüëһʲô
Ǿͻֱ֣Ԫܲȡ
ҧгݣЩߣȴ޿κΡ
ڼԪ˵Σ
ҺãֶһλüԪ˵ǣһ˿
ַԣһ˿â
ôЩǧ磬ҲˣȻû١Ҳãȥһ˰ɣ̽˵ϸϣһݣ
ַĿ䣬Ȼ˾


1474 ս飡
ԪܲѾ߱ˣϾԪ߱ѹħ棬ѾŲ˳ȥ
ڼԪ˵ֻܲһӴ硣
ַ˿̾ڼԪ˵֮ܲУȻӦڼԪܲȻ͵ʱ
һݷݵ鱨͵ַУַҲ˽⵽ڵļԪǰѾһˣǰԪѹһУǼԪ˵
ڣԪѾûɾλĶɵġԪᡱƿˡ
ȻԪ˱һɢ֯ңڼԪ˿νΣķ˭ҲûȤԪˡ
λԪϣѾǰħ磬ȥΧħˣǼԪܲ
Ԫˣʵûʲô̫ĺô鱨ƶ⣬ʲôԴǸûС
ԪƹܼԪˣһеԴͳͳ֮߱ڡ߱ѹħ棬ЩԴ뱦˭Ҳòˡ
ַҪľ鱨Ԫܲ
ַڷ˵ϸϡ
ˣ̷ǳǧӴھŴμԪոտ˾ѾˣĬĬĿʼ֣Ѿټ
Ԫڵʱ˭ҲǼԪˣϾ𲻳Ԫ𼸺޵СңҪնɱԪҲܡ߱ǱˣԪ˲ſԷչ׳ĵز
ԪҲɵǧԸƽǷǣˣ˫ҲôɵӶ˰ȡ
Ʊˡ
ԪԼѹħ꣬ԪҪӦħĳһʱ䣬Ԫ˶ҡҡ׹ĸоΪСǧʵĵһ¶ˡƣ̬һЩǧҲǴ
ˣɾһȷ桱
ʮλȫǧ罵٣ǿΪ𣡡
ַĬĬķ˵ϡҲȷСȷ桱ʵǧ̽ƫƫ̽Ҳԭġ
ˣȷʵۺ
ַ˾̽Ǵǧ̽Ԫ޷Ӧǿ¾ȺǻˣЩǧԥҧһڡ
ʱǰħǧԪ˾鷳ˡ
ȷҲø۵׼
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦôȲȡ˳Ȼ൱ͷַ͸һᡣ
ǰô
ַնɱİѾһˣټһַԣҲֻˣȴܱȫԪˡ
οַЩǧҲûʲôøС
ˣóˣ
ַţôǧ֪ӦãǻԺֻнˣסǧ
±нΣ
ݼԪ˵ĵ飬˱̫Ӵ󣬶ⷽСǧ磬ʵǺ⡣ңҲÿʱһλ
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һնɱ̤ˣʵѡ˵ıַͲ⣬ԪٶҪˣʱ򶼻ữΪһң˭ⱨ
οַ屾鷳һѣûˣǻˣǧַҲܲôˡ
ȶȹǰΣ̸ĻˣôԪ˾пں̵ܶʱڱԪһħͻŰ
ЩǧҲ£ħҲɵЩǧƿߣԼ󲿷ֱ¾ͻᱻħһա
Ҷַ廹кη壿
ڵַ壬ȫ޼ɵˣеĹǡ
棬谭Ԫħս˴֣ﵱ֮ڣԪܲţ
ַ˼Ԫܲһλһ𣬽һ
λһԣ̲ס̧ͷַ壬ɫԵúΪѡ
Ҫô
Ȼһ֪ʱ򷢲ôҡĹ棬Ǽŭˣʱ򣬺롣
ԣôһֲģ
ַն˵ɡ
λһɻ󲻽⣬ַܲĶ𣬶һ˱߾ϰλȫ֧֣ڼԪʵʵĸˡ
ˣɻ󲻽⣬ҲִֻַԸȥ졣
ǣԪ˷ųݺܡҡĹ棬һʱ䣬ǼԪڲЩǧڲȻ󲨣һƬȻ
˶ԴǼҵĹ棬ζʲô
˵һݹ棬˵һս飬˵ս飡


1475 ˣţ
żԪ˵ʽһʱȻ󲨡
ݹ棬һս飬˵˲Ȼŭ
˿̣ܲʮλŭ壬һá
дԪʲô
Ԫ˵Ԫѹħ棬ܾˣ޷ʲô˷ս飿
˵Ԫ˵кԪϣѾȥħ硣սߣˣһĶ𡣡
ҵ˵Ƕ˵֪ɣǱ̤ƽģűͬǱ̤ƽˣ𣬶ǧη塣
һдԣǰӣֽ˾λ𣬸ǳǿֻǣȴַɨһա
ߣΣ˹ƽµĶһЩ𣬳ʮᲢۣˣĸʮϵǰ𣬱˵һˣʮ˸ʲô
ԣǲĴһҪúýѵһӼԪϣݺݵҧһڡԪ˵ҵʱ򣬴ʱ֣ʱ
˵ʮλһĶᵽԪˣоͳһ˿̰֮ɫ
ڼԪ֮ʼѾɵʵֻǽһˡ˲ͬ˱ʵ̫ӴǱĽҲΪһСǧ絢̫ľˣ˵ʮˣʵӡ
ǧоˣһӣǾ͵ÿԼŬô꣬ʮλһչθԴӼڡʮڣɳʮڼϣǿ߻ǰ
ȫǿԼ
񣬼Ԫ˴ңǳɸǻᡣһܴӼԪϺݺݵҧһڷ⣬ǿɾ׬ˡ
ãȻˣǾԲӦ䣬󣬼ԪΣ
գ𿪿ˣ˰˵˵һϳƿˡ̽Ԫˣʵ಻סȷѡ

ʱһȥתۼ䣬ʱ͹ȥˣֻǣʱȥȴûκζͲԪ˵ġ桱
ৣ
ַ۾Ŀǳƽ
ʱôûκζûнڵļԪ˷ˣҲûдڵıҪˣ
ַ嵭˵ǧûʲôøУȻ˶ԼԪ˵Ĺ޶ԣǾƼԪˣַȻ
Ҫ˶֣
Щģһַ˶֣᲻ӦڵļԪˣӦרĶԸħ֦
ַĿһЩ𣬳˵Ƕ˶֣ѾǶˣסսǼԪ˵ĵߣߣַĻǲһˣǧ磡ĸʱ򣬲֣֮
ڶһǼȻܳΪȻַ廰е˼
ҵ׷һǰȥ
Ԫ˵ҲͨˣһҪ׷ַȥϾǿǶǧ
ˣһ˰ˡ
ַҡҡͷԸһˣòôʦڣһӣ
ǣֱַӻΪһ⣬ʧܲ
ַʧıӰܲ
һλ˲õܲ
Ѿ˳ַһЩԪķɡԪ𣬾ƾһһѹڶǧ˭Ҳҷ
ֻǣһжΪ˹ȥԪҲû˼Ԫ𡭡

ʱˣԪ˿ж
ܲУʮλ𣬶ڴ֮У粽롣ȻҲǱôԼԪ˲мһˡ
෴ǺӼԪˡ
ϾԪ˿ѹСǧ磬Ԫ׺ǳģ˭ƣ
ûзʲôڼԪԹ˲Ͼ߾ʱʱᱻħͻƣڳǵ鷳Ǹַ壬ҲСԪˣʲôԸǣ
𡰼ӡԪ˶Ц˵
ԣԪձɽĶ˳֣
ҿֱŰɣ˺¼Ԫ˵ŻƤһǿɾͲȣͳˡ
ԣԼԪ˻ߣɲˣǧҲżԪ˵̡
ڶ۷׷ףЦʱ
Ȼ͵̧ͷɫһ䣬ȵڿӣ
ӣ
һİͬʱһ߳һӰվڽ֮УĿ⴩˲룬·ֱ䵽˴֮С
Ԫ˺ƼԪˣѵȴڸģԽ٣ˣţ
䣡
ַƺƵ˲䴫


1476 ţ
ղʲô
ԳƼԪ˵ĺҪˣ
ʲôԪˣһˣ⡭ʵǲ˼飬ϾڵļԪѱѾǵļԪˡ
ǧӴ󣬵Ҳû˵ʲôպ˴Բѣ
ٺ٣ɲСɻǵűˣһ̤ƽɲηǧǷ
ַûκ⴫˷˵ˣ֮⣬Ҳַ
ৣ
˴ڣվ

ǴԲѣֱ
ʴʣϧ
ʮλ˶һԴŭʲôʱ˱˴ôʴˣѾƣֱ裬ǵļԪû޼ɵ
ȻҲΪ˿ɲƼԪˡ
ಣ
ʮλһĶߣҲɫ漴һӣʮλ𶼷˽ȣַңң
𣬴Բѣ˾Ҫţ
ЦһĿ⿴ַ翴һһ㡣
Ԫձ󣬻ඥԶǿ󣬵ȥħ硣ЩĴڣɲַ塣
ַҲ֮ű˶ַ̤ƽðη壿
ô𣿰𣬺ôͷĳ˵˵ţǾһţ
ַҲϻǰһ
䣡
ƺƵ˲䱬ַȫûһ㱣һٶʮ֮ͬӿȵ˳һ㣬˲ϯ
ʮλ΢΢һ𣬷·𲻸Լ۾Ƶġ
ǰ𰡣
ôܣҵˣǰֻ磬ôһӾͱ˰𣿡
һжǴ
ʮλ𶼾ˣϤˣΪǰǵȻжôĿֲ
ǰ֮ͬһ˲佫ʮλУ粽С
ս
һҲֻд󲿷ֵսӰ졣ȻҲ𾪣ַȻҲǰ𣬵ɲԴС
սḻ𣬺ܿͷӦ˹̳֡
ʮ
ųơȻɱ¾졣սСǧ磬նɱħƿ߼ֱ
սǳḻڣҲһٶʮҵ磬ˣ˫һײȻƾС
¡
ֲನ˷ɢȥʱҲ޷סˡֲನ˲ʮ𣬶ػһ㣬ߣش
ַ壬㲻ݣ
ֱŭ˭뵽ַȻǰ𣿶˫һս֮£ȻƾС
ʵ˫ƾУϸϣַ廹ռơҲţĤǿˣη壬ʵܵ𵴺С
Ҳʮһַ֮һЩѹԭַ廹뺨һսսپ
ϾһҪ塱ǧǾͱ֮ƣһٻˣ˲õá
ȻˣַҲͲˡ
ʱ侲ֹ
һַ̣εĹ򲨶˲Ϣס˵ʮλ𡣶ʱʮλ𣬾ͷ·ʲôסһ㣬һһ
ʱ侲ֹʱ侲ֹ
ַ˿˱𵱳˾ŴҪǿ𣬲ַѷɫ٣һٶʮ硣
֮ޱȵĻַʱ侲ֹֹֻܾסһʱ䣬ٶĻܾͻӴ󸺺ɣַ嶼⵽һЩɡ
䣡
ַͷһ磬һĽ֮ڷڣݺݵĺʮϡ
ʱʮ𣬻һ𡣱ʱֹǾһĻӣûУֻӲ
ַǰֲ
һ֮£ʮʦ𶼲̶ͬܵشһλʮڼ𣬸һʧ˴磬νʧء
Ҳʧʮ磡
һʱ䣬ַɲֹһΣһʱ䣬ܹΡ
أ
ιһ𣬲˼ַ塣
ιʧأʧʮ磬ڽǵ䵽˾ʮ£˲˰ڡ
ԭʮλ𣬾Ȼֻʣλһλ
ʱѾȥַ嵽ʲô취ðԺֻһͷǾӣ
ӣ
Ψһͷֻǣոӣַ֮ȴһŴС
ӣѾˣˣһţ
ַɲôŹҲķ񹥻֮£׷䣬ֻʣһҲһϢ
תۼ䣬Ѿֻʣ硣
ַ壬ΰĽһưոݣˣˡ
񶾵ַ塣
ĳĽҲһˣծ಻ѹǵĽưոݣǾɡ
ַƵĻ𳹵׾ַһȭ£Ҳ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ʮȫûҲ߽⡣
ˣʹţ


1477 Сǧ磡
ˡˣ
һЩԶԶעƿߣһĶĿɿڴＫΪ𺳡ˣǿһȻﰡ˭뵽ַһ֮ͺɨʮ
еһλ
ڣǰҲˡ
ô
ˣǼԪɱӺﰡһ٣ǧͻ°ˡ
ǰձ󣬾Ԫû˼ԪԪ϶ħ磬ԪɲС
ٺ٣Щǧһֺɵ˰ɣ˱ĽڶûκξٶҲͲⷽСǧ硣
Ҳɣô꣬Ҳûмٽ¹ƿߡ
һš
һսַνһսǰȻҲһЩֻΪ֮ϣֻǴݻű˶
űˣᲢۣ
˿ǴӼԪ֮ѾڵӴңаĴڣڣһȻӰ֮
ַƾս˲һԾΪˡУǧֻħҲ޷ַˡ
ַȻնɱʮ𣬵һЩβҪȥһʮֻǺİˡ
Ҫ״ݻˣҪһЩʱ䡣
Щ£ֱַӾ֮ȥ֪ͨԲ𣬵һʱ䣬Բʹ֮ǰʼһһĽˡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳַ辶֮չȻַѾ˼ԪˡԪֻǸɢ֯ƳԱӵ
ַ廹Ҫ֮Ϊ٣չζʯ֮ɿġ
ֳϣû뵽̶̼꣬ͳɳĵز˼顣
Բַ壬Щ̾˵
ڵԲѾȡǰԲڵĶʯޣַűˣȻõඨʯȻַûиԲǶʯһǶʯǸ˲٣һЩһǶʯļޣﵽ˾ǧĲΡ
ˣԲѾǧ磬һ·˾ǧ磬ȻԶԶַٶȣһȣǼֱǿԽʽ
ңַҲ׼һΣõǶʯԸԲһšһԲпڶʱڣΪĶ
֮жַҲܸġ
Բ𣬽ˣˣǰϹأзģȥԸֻҪˣȻչζʯˡ
ַ嵭˵Բ֮˵Ѿᳵ·ˡ
Բ˵ͷܿͷԸȥ֮⿪ʼѸٵĽˡ˵ƿҲʶ࣬ʮѾַնɱʮϵߣѾˡʣµģ֮⡣
ˣں̵ܶʱڣ֮ͳ׵סˡңҲʼչζʯ
ַҲûżǾĵȴţڴ˵ջ񣬱Ͼ˿ɱű˵ĵˡ
һºԲַǰ
ֳϣҲҵǧͨʯԼʮһǶʯϧǣûҵǶʯ
ŶԲˣôඨʯѾ㹻ˡ
ַǰһʵջѾǳˣǧͨʯԳ硣
ʮһǶʯ͸˲ãٶܳʮڸ磬ʮ磬ҪÿһǶʯΡ
ַҲпǴӼԪ֮Ѿ̵ȷͬСɡ
ǣҲûпֱӽЩʯȫ̽ڽ򣬲ҵһʱ䷵ص˼ԪܲҪܲ
ʯһ̽ڽֻҪ㹻籾ԴǾͿġ磬ֻҪһʱˡ
ַ巵˼Ԫܲ̾ǰַ壬һַ壬о˼飬š
ȻѾõϢַ嵱ǹƥһ֮ɨˣնɱʮ𣬼ֱ׺
ңлһλ
ַֻܲҽʵûбϣ˭뵽ַȻôǿ
ڱ߾κһħ޷ӳˡ
ȻӺ֣֮ħΣ
źε֮٣ǧ°
˵ŹάĻַҲ⡣֪һξٶǳӮЩΡ
ȡЩΣңַ־һսǣַһЩ뷨ͷҲĸԺС


1478 ƿ߰ѰҶʯ
ڼԪ˴ڶ֮û˷ˡַõʯֻһ;Ǿǲϵš
һţǾƱػЩǧľҷӦַҲûе޵£һеĵز
ңջٶʯͨĶʯַѾôˡ
ַҪǸƷʵĶʯһǶǶʯ
⿿޷õǶʯġ
ˣַԺһֱһ뷨Ǿǽף˵չ棬չƷʶʯ
ֻҪͼַţԴԴϵĶʯջ뵽С
ֻʲôףúúá
ЩƷʵĶʯһ㶼һǡУЩҪʲô
ַϸ룬ЩһǡǣҪʵˣλҪǿʵڼԪټٵ֮£ʵüˡ
һҪʵҪô磬Ҫô硣
磬ôף綼ô磿ͣ磬ȻвͨѰЩ磬͵úķѴʱ;
ôֻʣһ硣
磬ҪǴ籾Դ
籾Դ籾ԴףЩһԸ⹱׳ʯ
ַ΢΢һ
ȱٶʯȴȱ籾ԴַڣҲʮڷ籾Դңڶʯַȡ籾Դ˵Ҫ׵öࡣ
ϾַֻҪȥħڵȥһˣħתΪ籾Դ
Ȼ˻֮籾ԴַӡûϵַֻҪնɱħȻû֮ɣӶħתΪ籾ԴûַκϢӡƿҲʹá
뵽ַҲ˷
һζţվ³ˣǽףôƿҲܻúôʵǾ˫Ӯ
һЩһʵҪô籾ԴҲѡַ岻ͬھǰ𣬶ʵһԼٶȣѸٵȱ籾Դ
οڼԪ˺ħսħ籾ԴЩħԴԴϵĳΪַתΪ籾Դס
ңַ⣬˶֪ݺ͵λһϡû˻ڳԺڣҲ޵ķʸ
ˣҲһ˳
һ׳ɹôʱƣڶƿ߻˺ôôƿ߻뷽跨ѰʯףͲַķˡ
ңַ廹СǧƿߣѰҡʯЧȻ
뵽ַԽԽ˷ܣԽԽÿСڹؼǶۣ̫ߣַ˵̫
ϾնɱħҲҪʱ䡣
̫ͣƿ߾ûʲô
ֻҪһǶʯͨһǶʯһʮ֮䣬Ǿǧ籾Դʮ򵽰֮䣬һ籾Դǧ֮䣬ʮ籾Դǧһ֮䣬籾Դ
ǶǶʯһڵʮ֮Ķʯһǧ籾Դʮڵڣһڷ籾Դڵǧڣʮڷ籾ԴԴơԽǸƷʵĶʯܻȡԽ籾Դ
ַ徭ϸĿǣƳôһݽױ
ʵϾһʮıһ籾ԴܻʮŶʯž
֮ԲһһıΪһǡ˵籾ԴȡѶȽϴ󣬶ʯֻҪĻۣٶһЩ
ңʯЩһǡУҲûκôԼѾ˶ʯЩඨʯֻܸһЩѣңҲ޷תΪʵͲ̫
ܹ籾ԴǿɾͲһˡ籾Դֱܹʵĳַ˾٣൱Щһ𡢶һʵġݾֻҪǶʯͿԽ׳籾ԴӶ׾ٵʵ
ȻȻǽףô˫кôַ壬ǼʮٱĻ
ǣڿôĶܲʱַǧѷĻᣬֱ˵λĳһ»Ҫλİϣλܶഫ￪
ˣ˵ֻҪܰ쵽һæ
ԣֱ˵ɡ
ַҲûп˵ͷ˵ҪһϢҪʯһǶʯϡҿ籾Դʮһ
ǣַϸĽ籾Դ붨ʯĽ
˻һ𶼾ˡ
û˵Ц
ЩЩš
ĳû˵ЦǧȷֻҪһǶʯܽ׵ô籾Դҽգʮ󣬴۴϶ٶʯС
ַն˵һʮޣʵҪʮʱ䣬ȥնɱħӶô籾Դס
ʮôãһúʧ
ЩȲˡ
ʯܻȡ籾Դĺ£ֱδš˵Ļǻ治һţַ֮ڣȴûκһ㻳ɡ
ݡλĺôַûһ֮ţСǧ磬뽻ף¶ʽ
Ǿλˡ
ַЦ˵ĿڶǷ׷뿪Ҳڴʮ󣬵ܽ׵ٶʯ
ַҲһѹʯԽ࣬Ҫռ籾ԴҲԽࡣʮʱ䣬ַúúõļƻһˡ


1479 ħ
ַֻʮʱ䣬ͳħռݵȻѰЩħĻʮʱ仹Ѱħټ
ַҵȷλãһ׼ļƻ
ǣַһЩ𣬶ħ˽ѯħڲħ磬дħ
ЩҲûַʧ
ǵõ鱨ħʵкܶħ磬ԶԶֹһԪ˵ԪǣȥΧһħ磬ඥħħ統С
֮⣬дħ硣ħͳΣħΪģȻ˷䡣
ԽӴħ磬ôķΧԽ㡣
Ҫֱӹһħ磿
ԵĻȻ
ַҲûκȷҪһħ磬Ҫڶ̶ʮʱڣô籾ԴһħɲУôħ
ħڵİСǧ磬ħֱʤǡ֪һħ磬ھ߾Զĵطֻǣħаħ򣬶Ҳֹһ𣬶𣡡
ħ𣿡
ַ۾΢΢һ漴֣صĵ˵ͷħˣҪϸλã²ΪҲǿ
һħ磬ô׹ƵģֲַԸôлṥһħ磬ôַͻ᲻ϧһдۣȥħ硣
գַõħľλáǣֽһԪܲΣʮ֮ڣ϶᷵ء
ǣַͶһˣ뿪˼Ԫܲŵͼϱעλ÷ȥ

ԪǰһֱĬĬšڼԪ֮£һֱո߲𣬱һЩʸܵ롣
ˣ󲿷ƿͲ֪мԪһַ֯ҲڳΪ˶󣬱ʱ֪Ԫˡ
ʱƣʱķչԼƵı仯ԪҲĸˮ棬ôˡ
ԪԼѹħʱ䡣Ԫ˾ͷ·ʧȥĹһżǱų
ħ֮սŸˮռϷ硣Ͼû˼Ԫ𣬹⿿Ԫ˵ĳԱҪ׻ЩħʵǺѵġûƿߵһ˿ܳ׻ħ
Ԫ˸ˮ棬ƿ߶֪˼Ԫ˵ĴڡЩͨƿ߶Ѿ֪˼Ԫ˵Ĵڡ
ˣַɨʮ̤ˣôٶȣСǧ硣
мԪ½½ĴһЩϢöʯ籾Դ籾Դһʮı
˶ţʯҲܻ籾Դ
ҪһǶʯ˾ȻˡˣҲȻ󲨣۷׷ס
Ͼ˭籾Դ
Ҫ籾Դȥնɱħնɱħô΢ע⣬նɱħ»ðԼ۽ȥ
ֱöʯ籾ԴȻǼõġ
ǣ𶼶ˣһȻҲ̫Ҳ㲻̫żҲôһŶһǶʯ
ܻ籾ԴǿʵǺֶΪ
Сǧʵ̫ˣƿߵҲ̫ˡһЩ˿ҲЩ籾ԴһЩƿȴúܻ㡣
ǣһЩƿѾʼжżԪܲ
Сǧ磬ΪԪ˵Ϣ

ಣ
ַٶȼ죬ռȽĽֱÿռ䴩ԽԼʱ䡣ַֻʮʱ䣬ɲڸ·Ϻķ̫ʱ䡣
ȫ·ַֻ˶̶һʱ䣬ѾִĿĵء
ǳħˣ
ַ۾΢΢һĿҲ
ħ磬ɳħ̫ϣҲ˳ꡣħ𣬱ǰħĵԴӽħ֮󣬳½λͬİڵ
ڵ𣬹ͬڳħ磬ҲħħĽɴΪ˳ħеһԱ
߾̫ԶˣһЩħѾϢ뿪ħ磬ǰ˱߾ͼͻƱ߾Ԫ˵ķߣӶƿߵĸء
ˣħеħҪҪʮ֮һ
ַ岻ںͨħж٣ǶַҲ̫ע⡣ַӵĻڵַҪעġ
ܽڵôַ޷̤ƽħ磬޷ħ硣
ǿڵʵħķַʱ򣬿Ҳûʲôᡣ
뽫ڵħ硣
ַԺһһͷ


1480 վˣ
ڵҪѣ
ַҲ˳˼С
ֻ˳ڵ̤ƽħ硣˵ˣֻҪڵṳ̂ƽħ磬նɱڵ𣬾ܻö籾Դ
Ҳܻڷ籾Դ
Ǹʱ̤̤ƽħ磬Ѿ޹ؽҪˡ
ħеϢַ岢ҪڵҲסʲôڵĶ
ˣ
ַԺһ⡣ҪڵתΪ籾Դڵԣַֺγǡ硱ġ⡱أ
Ͼַǰӵϰڸ磬һħɣǰڵҲǳջĶࡣ
ַѾ˼ƻȷҪԼɡնȻڵĲɣǾ͵òʧˡ
漴ַɴطȥķУ޼ɵͷųϢǡһҲһЩħ
ɣڸ磬ǲĶ
ַһ˿â

ħ磬ʵûǱޣħԣǱʲôãҪ籾ԴοڻǷǳʱڡ
յİСǧ磬ƿߣѾǵĵŰˣǲİ
ҵǳ֣ЩƿҲô񡣡
ڲżͣħȻԪѹֻѹʱ䣬ʱ򣬾ǺЩƿ߳ʱˡڣֻҪһУҪ嶯
ڵ𣬶ǳĽСġǳ𣬶ĿǰƣķǳԪ˿ƺңɱħĸأҪħ
ʵأ
ħ磬Ԫ˵ƿΧôʱ䣬һ񣬸޷ħ硣
ֻҪʱ䣬ӵʱԽԽáܹӼǧ꣬ʱ򣬵ȴħѼԪѹˡ
̴ĺܺãȴ޷ֹħ뷨Ҳ޷ֹ¼ķ
ڣڵͺȻһ
ǰһλƿߣǳǶ
ףƿߺܲϵϢʮڸ磡
ʮ磬ǡ磬ǰ𣡡
ô֪
кַ壬ĿǰѾһʱСǧ綼֪ˡٺ٣ѵʲôı
ΧûʲôˣӦɨħġǰķһЩħӦȥɨ
ƿߣȻҡɨ
ֻһˣǲǡ
ڵЩĶˡ
ַ֪ݡλʵַǳ͸һ˿Ķңȷȷûƿˡ
ַƿڽɨħֱ˾ռߣʵ̫ѰˡңַҲûгųħ
ħһЩɵ˵һЩɡ
һըأ
ǲ뿪ħģ̵ȴ޷סˡ
ǧѷĻᣬʵ̫ˣЩͷˡַ壬ǰΣѵڵ𣬻κβһǻϷ֣ܻö籾Դ
ԣһֱħ統Уһֱţʵûκνһ𣬺òˣǧѷĻᣬǲܴ
ڵѾĶһҲֲִֻõ˵ͷҲãǵһжһʲôԾ̾ͷħ硣
ȻթڵѵӲοħֲ̫Զ
ڵ׵
𣬵ȷջ󣬼ǰڵҲЩ಻סǣڵϢ뿪ħ磬ַ忿š
ʱַ岢֪ڵѾ뿪ħ磬Ϊ˲ݾߣûͷš
Ͳ֪ڵ
ġһһ⡱ǰЩħ
ಣ
ڣַϵǰյУϰħͨħˣַһɨģڽ͵Ľ٣һϰħ
ⲻ֪ڵѾַ塣
Ȼɨġ
ǵ죬Ҳ̫СҵˣǵƤӵɨ
֣
ڵ𿴵ַƺɨҲûз˵٣һʱޱȵ˷ܡ
𾡹ЩɣѾ֣Ҳֻһ֡
ڵ𣬺ƺƵħεħ˲䳯ַ塰֡ȥ
ţ
ַһ𣬸о·̩ͬɽѹһ㣬ֲѹϡȴûκξʧľٶתǼ¶һ˿Цݣվˣ
ʲô
һֲ̾ԤС


1481 һǿնɱ
װŪ
ַͻȻڣλڵж΢΢һȷַΧȷûƿʱҲͰ
ַǰ𣬵ħη̣
䣡
ħ𣬾һ˿ԤУʱҲû·һѹַ塣
ɱ
ħûжķϻֱӾͶˡÿһħ𣬶Ǻպİڵһ֣εħ˲䱩
ַ壬Ҳܵħѹơ
ʱַ岻ҵ𣬵ʵҲûоԵİա
в﷭ԼӽȥȻַ·ҪħҪħħתĴ籾Դ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַ廹ǵһڵʩչʱڵղһ֣ǹɿ񱩵ĺԶַҲܵ˿ֲѹˣһʱ䣬ַʩչʱ
Ϊأʱַһս޲ʤַ嶼ʱ򣬽䡰ֹ
ַܷ񸺺סˡ
ˣ
ħ𣬻ǿʱٺ󣬷·һӡ̡һ㡣ǵı鶼׵ġֹˡ
ʱʲôʲôֶΣʱ֮£ͳͳֹ
ڵȸ֮󣬼ֱַֻоڽ·ʱƵġ
ʵ̫ˣ˵һʱ䣬ǰʱ䶼֧Ųס
ַѾ˳׼ʱʩչһɲǣѾˡ
ַͷһţһ޴بͷһĹâҫַӳĵһ㡣
ַڽ򣬿ɲһٶʮսˣһʮڣ
֮ʮڣΪַõ˵ʮһǶʯǶʮڣȻͨʯ
Ͳʮڵս
ҲַһͼħͳͳնɱҪԭʵѾħ֮ϡ
ħȻҲǰڵ𣬵ҲֻǺͨİڵǿ߾ǳ𣬵Ҳֻһһʮħˡ
𣬸ֻаسͷħַһʮսȥԶ
أ
ַݺһײ˳ϡһιַûһ𹥻ֻ׼˳ֻһˡ
ַжôҪǳħĹؼΣȽնɱ
һַл᳹׹Ƴħ磬Ӷô籾Դ
䣡
ֻаʱ䣬ַĹųߴһʮڵսֱʱ侲ֹסˣûЧֻǻӡ
ιÿһΣ𶼻ʧħÿһζᱻַصħ
תۼ䣬ʱ侲ֹѾعȻֻʣʮħ

־ˣôҲ벻һգۼĹѾʧ룬ʧ
𶼸ев
䣡
ͬʱ֮ǰһҲ䵽ַϡΪ˾𣬼ǲһдۣҲҪȡʱȻˣҲûжֵĹҲȫӲ
ڵһεȿֲ
ַ壬ĤǳĻ񣬶ʵǿöࡣڣһַҲһڽڸ
⻹ۺ֮£ַѾʧˡĻӲһ֣Ͳֻʧڸôˡ
ʧ磬ַҲϧ׷ų׷ʹʱʹʱֻʣʮħĳҲԶԶַĶ֡
䣡
ַһȭݺݵ˳
æһס֣
ǿɲĿַԳ֣ǣٴγַ֣幥ַͲܲˣһķ񹥻ų
أ
ÿһػʧءûбʱֹÿһȫԸ߾ȫĵֵվʧȥȻʮħַ̫̫
ι󣬳Ѿ׻ħ˲ը
գ
ַ˿̶ʱڣʧ˲ڸ磬ĿǰڽѾһʮˡ
ȴܸˣǳһˣΪַṩ˲ʮڷ籾Դ
ǿǰʮڷ籾ԴΪҵսַ޷ȫĽħתΪ籾Դħ¾Ͳǰʮڷôˡ
ȫħնʱʣµħҲˣ˺˵ͷ
ӣӻħ磬ħķַҲ޿κΣ
ˣһʱӻħ磬ңǾħҲȷܽ԰ڵٶȣܿӻħ硣
ӣó𣿡
ַͬ꺮һ㣬ڵĶ


1482 ջİڷ籾Դ
ڵð˭뵽ڵԸһλ𣬾Ȼܿ䣬ô̵ʱڣͱնħ
ٶ̫ˣ
ǣڵӣӵԽԶԽãԽԽá
ֻǣѾˣΨһߵĻǳʱַĹǸʱ򣬾ӣַҲ޿κΡ
ڣˣǻӣǾ͸ܡ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַʱεʱ򲨶˲סڵ𡣶ʱڵһ𣬱׾ֹסˡ
ҪֹڵַҲóܴܺĸɡǵڶʹʱ򣬲ɱ⣬ڽͻܵһˡ
ҪֻҪնڵôһжֵõġ
ַʱ򣬼ֱǴɱ
ڵ𣬼ͳ˻ӣַ񹥻ҲʱͼҲַһʧ
Ҳ˶Ѱˣַһжʱ򣬶ʵҲռơܿ죬ڵҲͳͳնɱ˴籾Դ
һΣַһʧܹʧ硣ʧǺܴˣϾҪնɱڵ𣬼ַʱҲôס
Ҫֺ𣬾նɱڵ𣬸ͲܡʧĴۣȡնɱڵַҲǳ⡣
ΪڵܹΪַṩ˳ʮڷ籾ԴǶʮڷ籾ԴһڣҲʮڰڣٶڣ
⻹ûнַǴӴħ磬ܽħӶȡ籾Դ
ˣ
ַû˿ԥ޼ɵʩչʱ򡣶ʱεʱסħ硣
ʱ侲ֹ
ʱ侲ַֹҪħ綼ֹסǳž޴ĸɡһӾֹڵƺҲô
ڵַҲûô˼ˣħ糹׾ַֹһʮڵսͷĺħ磬һһΡ
ڣιħķҲֵס˲顣ħ統дħһֱַ̣飬תΪ˴籾Դ
һħ磬Ϊַṩ˲һʮڷ籾Դ֮ǰڵϻʮڷ籾Դ
ַһ˵ջ񣬴ĳԤϣȻ˳İ籾Դİڷ籾ԴַĶһôİڷ籾ԴǧڿŶʯ
ȻǷǳŵģǰôĶʯַ彻ס
İڷ籾Դ㹻ˡ
ַ忴ǰһۣѾ׻ħ磬ô£ħǲ޶ԡħ鿴ַһߣã˵һЩջ
ʮѾٽңΪԷһַҲðգһһǿǧڼͻȻأַɾΣˡ
οİڷ籾Դַ˵ºܳһʱ䶼㹻ˡ潫İڷ籾Դ˳ȥַ϶ޱȵĸˡ
ǣַҲûмãֱӴռ䣬뿪ħ硣
ħĶʵû̫˹עħ磬ֻڶħв۵һħΧ֮ڣħ˭ע
ħ綼ַݻ٣˭ַ֪ɵģ
ңʱ˿̣СǧƿߣڹעżԪܲעźַġסϢ
ַͨԪˣСǧƿ߶ų˶ʯ籾ԴϢʱȻ󲨡
һ̶϶˴ҶڼԪħ֮սϢƿ߶Ľûжʯ׼һ֡
Ԫܲ˳ӿСǧ磬ֵĵط֮һˡȻû̫࣬ȴඥƿ߾ۼĵط
ڵļԪˣ˼Ԫ£ʵѾ˵Ԫ˵ٱôأСǧ磬뵽ƿС
ǰԪˣǼԪ˳ԱͲܽ뵽ԪܲСڣȴһЩƿ߽Ԫܲ
һЩԪ˸߲㶼ڿǣǲǸ÷ŵͼԪ˵׼һҲܳΪԪ˵ĳԱô߸ϣ̡
ϾڼԪħ֮սǷǳϾģҪպܶƿ߼롣
һжַ޹ء
Ѿ˳Ĵӳħص˼ԪܲΪԪܲڵġʵʡˣַҲȷεĽײ¡
ңݼԪܲͳƣһθ𣬴ĳַԤϡ
Уʯƿߣ϶ַȻĶˣȷһν׵ĳɹ
һɹһΣǾ൱ڿһͷַԴԴϵĻôĶʯ
ʱһȥڣʮʱȥַŵĽʱѾˡ


1483 ַİ
Ԫܲڣַϡ
ʮλԭʮλ𣬵ֲڱ߾֮ϣˣֻʮλ
ѾܿɹˣϾսЩţܹʮλѾǸַλءܲ𼫴ˡ
ַֻܲȨ֮ƣ˭û̫⡣˭뵽ַȻǰ̤ƽˣСǧǿƣҲͬʱǧ
ַ嵱֮͵һ
ˣؼԪ˵ĳԱУַλ䡱Ҳͱ˳ˣԪϡ뿪֮£ַڼԪ˵Ĺǡ
ԺԪ˵Ԫϻعô죬˭Ҳûȥǡعͻع飬ʱȻи߲Э
ο˭ܿ϶ַ޷ΪԪϣ
ʵϣԴַСǧ֮˶ַʼооĺ͸ַǰصжãڣһЩܡʵѾܡ
Ѿ˽⵽ַڶ̶̵ʱ𣬲Ǽʮ꼸꣬Ҳ꣬ǲʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ͳΪڵİڵ˵ûûܣ˭ţ
ܣʵҲʲô˵ǶˣһĸûһЩ
ûѳΪһ𣬸˵Ϊˡַܹɳİĳ̶ȣǸǿžܡ
һЩַͨڶʯĿԼ籾ԴʯѾ²⡣
ַô죬ǲ붨ʯйأ
Щĵһ붨ʯйأַΪλ´ռʯƿߣ뾡˰취ûҵöʯǿʵİ취
һҲҲǧƿߣ޷ҳʯܣѵַֻҳеܣ
𰸣Ƿ񶨵ġ
оַ̣ԼһЩ¼ȻҲһҪϢַ壬ܿһλбڴͳƿߣƿߣ
棡
Ϣһ˶ˣ̶һȻ󲨡һЩ˲֪ʲô֪ġ
Сǧ磬ŴμԪܹģҲַֻһ˰ˡ
һʱ䣬ûپöʯʲôˣַöʯǺпҲΪ֮Ľġ
ǧƿ߲ţСǧƿߣЩǧƿ߸һλƿζʲô
棬пܳΪΰһСǧ磬Ҫ֪һλĽǺεȵΰ󣿶ǳϡ٣٣޾Сǧ磬һλʵ̫ϡˡ
Ȼ󲿷ǧƿ߶мһˣŴšǻ̲ס棬Ҳ˼Ԫˡ
ҲԼһ޾ǧ̤ƽűˡ˵ӴƿߣǺεȵǿ
ңһ꣬ɳǧҲ޼
Щع⻷ǧǶ̲ס˼ԪˣˣԪܲҲͱĸӵˡ
ַ嵱Ȼִ֪ԣȴһûлӦЩʱ򣬲ӦأԶԶȻӦҪõöࡣ
٣أһЩ˼˺úõĵ
λԪ˵İȫһҪ֤ΥԪ˹涨ߣһȥߣֱնɱ
ַ´ȫ֤νʢᰲȫУϵַԺܷԴԴϵĶʯǳҪ
ǣ𣡡
ڶ𶼵˵ͷ
ˣнߣɡ
ַһ֣ʱԪܲŴ򿪡ѾȺƿߣһһĽ롣
ԪܴܲʮˡЩƿﲻĽ뵽ܲȻҲûһӵĸо
˽뵽УһʱͽĿڴλϵӡ
ݼ𣡡
ַ΢΢һַĵλݣҲԵЩƿߵһ
λˣǽ֮գֻҪһϵĶʯԽס籾Դ붨ʯһʮıнף˭뽻׵ģԵڽס
ʵ˽µĽף˶Щôġ
ַݵλôߣʵôǿַ壬κ˶һЩǡˣַžٰεĽ״ᣬڽнס
ֻҪӣ˴ҵΣպЩҪ׵ƿҲͲйˡ
ַ廰£ھһλ߳ȺЦǺɣ˵˺Ľףֻǣºòô籾Դ
ţ
ַ忴һ۶ԷȻһλɱȽټ϶ǼԪ˵ĳԱҲһЩûмԪߡ
ˣӦþûмԪ˵Ķ
ֻҪжʯٶ࣬һɽףСǧ磬ñߣûжˣ
ַ൱˵ɢţ
ַ壬Ԫ˵ĺ֮֮ǿİص˵Ķ䶼ڡ족·һӣ̩ɽѹ·Ϣĸо


1484 һ죡
һӰ֮ǰЩӣȴ׵İš
ַûͷųκϢֻݡλʵչֳţҲסˡ
ǰ
ƿߣͨһж𣬵ַȴܡӡˡ
ʱַ廹ΪΪһǡŬ˭뵽ĳɾͣ
ٺ٣ãҲźżԪˡ
գЩΣѱģ򵱳ҲܾԪˡʵһ㣬Ҫַѿȴû뵽ѿ
ַĿⶢŻȻѣԵĿɲһĶ𣬶һλ
İͨ𣬼ֱֿ
ǣʵʵһóһѶʯ
ʮһǶʯ
ַ۾͵һԼ۾
ʮһǶʯ
Ҫ֪̤ˣҲŵõʮһǶʯˡ˵ĵ̿ޱȵһ𣬾Ȼб˻Ҫĵ̣
ַ̾뵽λϣܣǴܰ
ַҲ⣬˭ûܣԷõһЩϴУǶԷõһЩ֮ԷܣԲŻṫ
ʮһǶʯҲ޷ȫ£ֻڶ˵ûʲô塣ֻԼʵǲʵ
ַһ֣̾һһȥʼ鿴ЩʯʮһǶʯѹִ˸ַò㹻籾ԴȷһʺӴ֡
鶨ʯһܿͼϣֱӿ˵ȫһǶʯУʮ¶ʯšʮ򵽰֮Ķʯšǧ֮Ķʯţƶʮǧ籾Դ
һıַۣ˵ͷ飿
˶ǰһʮǧ籾Դʲô
Ļ籾Դһ磬ҲܻսǺεȵĿ£
ȻԽ棬Ҫ籾ԴԽ࣬˭Ҳϣʮڷ籾ԴǶҲŬ೤ʱ䣿껹Ǽǧֻ꣬ꣿ
Ǻ𡣲⻹ԶԶûнһжǶʯ
漴λֱóʮŶʯ
ַ嶼ܲ죬ΪܸܵʮŶʯͳͳǶǶʯ
ȥɡ
ַ˻֣ǣֺ͸ղһļһյĳ˽ۡ
ͨǶʯʮšʮڵ֮ĶǶʯšڵǧ֮ĶǶʯĿšܹʮڷ籾Դ
ټ֮ǰĶʮǧ籾Դһʮһǧ籾Դ
һʮһǧ籾Դ֪Ŀȷ
ȷȷ
ʮһڷ籾Դ֮ǰѱĶ𣬺֮Ҳʮһڷ籾Դ߰ǧ
磬ҪĴٴʮڷݵ籾ԴѾ㹻λͨʵˡ
٣һԷЩ籾ԴϣսԲڶʮڣ
һ죬ոһգ긴һУðȥ磬ħսֱɲˡ
ֻҪʯʵ࣬ĺȥң
Ը⽻ף
ַ嵭˵
Ը⣬βԸ⣿
𼸺ɵĴӦˡ
ַ΢΢һЦֱһӣһ֮Ŵ籾Դɵ˶С
Էϸһ漴ϲֱӾ͸뿪Ѹٵʧ˴֮С
λֶû£һЩϢòַ岢⣬ֻҪܹõʯҪ֪Էݡ
һʾ콻ףʱƿַ壬ޱȵĻȡ
ʮڷ籾Դ˭Ķ
Щ˶һЩ⣬׼ĸȥλȴܻȻѾһЩ׼˸޷١
ַôšĵȷȷóʮڷ籾Դڻ˭ɣ
ܹһ죬ʡȴ๦Ȼ˺޲̽жʯ׵
˭ǰף
ַ΢΢һЦ֪ѾûʲôˡȻղʮڷ籾ԴõģȴʮʮĴӮң
һЩһǶʯ
һŶǶʯ
ҲС
ַĻ£ʱڳ׵ƿ߶ȿֺŶַ彻ס
ⳡףʮʱ䣬ڽ
ЩźЩ˷ܣЩϲź˷ܣⳡʢȡԲĳɹ
֮󣬲صؾٰ콻׻ᣬֻҪжʯƿߣ»ҵԪܲҪס


1485 ջ޴󣬿ʼչ
𡣡
ʮλÿ˶ά򣬻Сٰһνʢᣬڱ߾ɶ١
λˡ
ַһ˸һ籾ԴȻ࣬ҲһЩʵǰޡ
ǾͶлˡ
ǾͲˡ
籾ԴʮλЦˣǷ׷׸뿪ǰ߾ߣǿǳŷϵľ޴ѹʧ
Բ𡣡
ַ彫֮һЩ˶˼ԪܲٿʢᡣϾԪ˵ַҲ̫Σ֮⣬Բ
ֳϣкηԸ
Բ̬ҲܹǰĻַǶҲܱһƽģַʵϵݡλҲڲϵ
ڣַѾǰˣСǧ磬ǶǶޱȵǿˣԲҲͱĸӵľн̬ȻȻͻᷢ˱仯
Ȼַûй֮֮֮Ҳֻгᣬûνľԡ䡱
ʣһַ壬Ǿһ֮֮û˭ɣ֮ڲҲһ
ʵﵽһ̶ȣ¶ӭж⣬ͲҪķ
ַ忴Բ漴ó˼ŶǶʯƽ˵ԲҵӦ㣬λϵĶǶʯ
⡭ǶǶʯ󣬺ķѿֳϲٵ籾ԴҵȺεºܣ֮
Բ𾡹ܺܿȴܾˡ
ַЦ˵޷Բűǡҽʱ֮λҽҲˣҲȱǶʯοԲѾﵽƿͲһŶǶʯܳΪһҪΪܹѹ棬Һúù֮⡣ԣͲҪƴˡ
ַ̬ȳϿңԲһ£ջǽӹ⼸ŶǶʯ
ַ֪ĶǶʯͨĶǶʯʮϵĶǶʯ
ַ嶼кܴİַɸԲҲԲĳŵǶԲӡ
ַܹȫε˲࣬һ۷ǸǺ١ҲֻԲܹõַȫΣַ嵱ȻҪ´Բˡ
УҼչһʱ䣬ûرҪ£Ҫҡұչڼ䣬ײжϣˣҸʮڷ籾ԴӦ㹻ӦĽˡ
ʲôʮڷ籾Դ⡭̫ˡһʲô£ҿ޷סʮڷ籾Դ
ԲԵЩʧ롣ֻһ۷𶼲ǣθҪʮڷ籾ݣ
ַ۾΢΢һУƽ˵ͷţˣûϵҳغ󣬻ȥСǧȻ嫣ĳҪһˣǺ׵ġ
ַƽԲȴܵǿҵİšַѾСǧˣǺεȵţ
գԲǽַİš
һж׵ַͽ뵽˼ԪܲҵУʼջ
һνʢᣬַջ֮ᣬֱԶԶַ֮ǰԤȻֻеһλóĶʯ֮࣬Ҳû˱ȵһλóĶʯˣܹǶʯҲǿֲ㡣
ַ壬ڶĶʯҲĳȣþöƽ
İڷ籾Դֻʣһʮڷ籾Դ
ַţлһڷ籾ԴָԲʮڷ籾ԴҲ˵ַ㽻ʮڷ籾Դ
Ǻεȿֲ
Ҫ֪籾Դ붨ʯıһʮҲ˵ٻǧڵĶʯ
ȻͨĶʯģ͵ı磬һŶǶʯһڻǾڣʵһ㡣
ʵϣַӶ磿һžڼ޵ĶǶʯַҲս
ڣַһжʯɣ϶ԶԶֹǧսпܴﵽǧϣ
һٶİһԾΪǧϵǧǶô޴ĿԽַһʼеڣҲûйô޴ĿԽ
һɹַ弫пܾǧˡǧǿСǧ綼ǵ֮Ķ֮һˡ
٣ַ֪ļԪˣڼԪԼѹħɼλԪάżԪˡ
ǼλԪϣʵÿһλǧΣ
Ҳ˵ַԪֻܲʱԪǶ뿪֮󣬲ַлԪˡ
ַһΪǧڳϣǾԪ˵ĺԪǷ˼ԪܲҲ޷ַ塣
ַʵλͬڼԪ˵ĺԪϡ
ַҲʱ٣һεġޡҲҪʱ䡣
ʱ䣬׷ܶ£ַȴòչأΪǧѷĻᣬʵ޷ӦĿǰСǧľˡ
ַ廹Ҫǿʮʮıǿ
ַֻڼٵСǧֵУһЩԱ֮
¡
ַһ֣ҵĴҲ׹رգһ£ַ岻ءǹغĽַпܳ֡


1486 Ĺ绽
յĽ֮УλһӰȻ֡
Ĺ磡
һԶյУԼԿһ޴ĽĹһ
ǾĹ硣
ţһǿߵĹ֮أ׽롣ʵϣѾвٵǶ𶼽Ҳһ񡣿յһ綼ûУҲûʲôֻһƬš
ڣλһȴ³ĿֱָĹ硣
ȷĹжʯ
һλ𣬻ЩɵʵĹ˭ֻ֪һյĽôжʯ
ȴص˵ǧȷҲżȻõһϢĹ粢򵥣ʵǬ
Ǭ
ԣƺһλǿߣԼıУ޾ıĶʯȫƷĹ統Сңһֳ˼֣ҲǼۣǴֻҪָĹ֮Уҵر֮ءʱкĶʯǶȥԪ˻ȡ籾Դ
Ļλһ𶼽Žɡһ𴳵ô꣬ҲΪˡ
ҲգǾȥһԡҵʯȻٺòǶһ˴籾ԴҲǲܣ
뵽˶жһȡ
Сǧ磬ȵĻʲôħԪ˵ĴսǼԪ˾ٰĽʢᡣ
Ԫ˵ĺ˽ʢᣬƿ߶öʯ׵籾ԴһλصĶ𣬻׵ʮڷ籾Դ
붼ò˼飬㹻ãʮڷ籾Դܹʮսֱһ졣
Ȼھ뽻ʢѾϰˣȶûйȥºչأԪУкָ𣬿Խ籾Դ
ˣСǧ磬ƿ߼ڲķѰŶʯЩƷʵĶʯڵҲҪѰҳ
һΣλһ֮ǰǾ˵ĹܹҵʯϣôĶʯӶȡ籾Դʵɱ
ֱõġݾû˻᲻Ķ
ãǾȥһԡ
ǣһ̷Ĺ硣
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ܿ죬ͷɽĹ磬ȻһĹ統У͸оģŵϢܸǿյģҲһ
ʹһȻӴ󣬵ҪȥѰҲر֮أ
ɻĿ
Ҳ˵˰֣УԼһ׹⡣׹ɢȻһԿס
⡭
𶼺ܾĿԿףƺҲûʲô֮ʱóԿףͿ϶⡣
Ŀص˵ǧյõҲǿر֮صԿסָǰر֮ء
漴ƺһЩӡʱԿ׿ʼɢİɫâ
ݣ
Կ׻Ϊһ⣬ĳ˳ȥ
״ϲȥ
ȻԿ׵ٶȺܿ죬ܱȵһˣһεĸ˰Կ׵
ܿ죬Կ׾ͷɵһѾŵ硣
磬ôڽ֮УûκϢҲûκιĲ֮һŵ硣
ƽʱ򣬿κһλ𶼲ŵ࿴һۣڣԿ׾Ȼɵŵ֮ڡ
ѵر֮ŵ֮У
Щ˷
ƬյУֻôһ磬Ϊأȷпǲر֮ءǣ̾͸ŵ硣
統УƺյģʲôûУԿȴһͣƯ֮С
ô£
Ҳûмʲôɵ
ϸһܣ漴ƺ¶ʲôģ˵ҵǧŵõԿסŰԿ׵ģһǷӡֻǣһֱ޷͸ǷӡˣûʹáڿӦþʹǷӡ
ǣʼ˫ֽӡһ鸴ӵķӡ͵ı˳ź嫵֮͵ע뵽˰Կ֮С
ˣ
Կ׻һ漴貵İɫâ·һһ㣬֮УƬڵնӳյһ㡣
䣡
綼ҵƺռ䶼ܲסͬƬһ㣬˲ѡ
˽ỽѡ
λĶߣ·һĵ֡


1487 ľ棡
˭˭
ٴУĿĶܡֻǣƺʲôûз֣ߵȴڻصš
ߣװŪ
һâһһʲôĹҲʲôǷƾܴݻ١
˭װŪϧ
ֱӷɳ磬綼ڡ𶯡ǣ֣ͷһ硣
𣡡
ôҲһ𣬶һǰ򼶵һϰˣһ˲ס硣
䣡
ֲ˲䱬˵һ磬ʮ磬Ҳֵסһ
֪ܲǵ˭ȴѾֲԤУҲͲǱԿˣֱֶΣ״ݻ硣
֣ʱ綼ֱױǱԿҲʧ٣ƺûʲô쳣
ԽԽмɵղʲô
ôѣһѾͱСһݴ񣬺ٺ٣Ҳ̫Ϸˣ
յУһϮݲ԰ףߣһһ̤նƺ˿Ҳûܵղ𹥻Ӱ졣
ߣɫ̴䡣Էһ˾ͷ·ѹһɽһ޷ֲϢѹƣֵûС
ֲʵֲ̫ˣǾԲһƿߣǣǶеٮٮߡ
оѣôҲû뵽νġءȻǰߣȻǿ϶ơˣǱԿףܾܿ߹ȥġ
֪ǰγƺ
֪߼Ϊֲҵ̬ȱϹϾʵ
ѾܾˣϷ˯˺ܳʱ䣬ǰǶƺϷΪľ棡
ľ棿
Ժһƺûӡ󡣵˶ľļɵϾǰֲˣֻϢѹ˲ҶǶ
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ľһӣгһɢŵâԿףȻ֮ǰİԿס
ԿףһȻǶˣԿ׾ǰصľС
ľԿףеѰζˡ
ȴնᶨ˵ľ棬ǲѰұģ֮ǰһжᣬ뿪
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˵̾뿪ľǼ¶һ˿Цݣ૵ڵСǣһĵͦǣΪ̰ȻѾˣǾ°ɡ
䣡
ľ֡
޷һֻ֣һֳֺֻƬգȣһӱһֻ֡ץڡС
һ𣬺ôҲһ𡣵ڣȴֵûУһ㣬ֻšա
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ôżʲôһûилǻϷ򣬲Ǿͺúõ죬ϾϷѾ˯˺ܾúܾãѾˡϷú˵˵ɡ
ľ۾һ޿κΡľǰǾͬСһû˿Ļ֮
ΣֻĿڣľϸ

Ѿˣֳϻûгأе籾ԴѾûʣ¶ˡ
ԪܲԲҵĴţΪΡ
ַ˵ҪչأԲҲû⡣˭ַ֪һչؾȻǰʱ䣬Բַ˽⣬Ƿǳĺ
չأҲǼˡ
ƿѾ޷ٰĵıչˣƿ߶ƴ뷽跨ǿʵ
Զʯ籾Դ࣬Ͼ⿴ƺһݾֻҪ㹻ĶʯǾܶһ籾ԴӶʵһʮϰٱҲǲܡ
ǣǰһ籾ԴƿҲԽԽ࣬ʮڷ籾ԴҲʣ޼
ԲҲû̫ż⣬õǶʯ˳Ŀ˶ǵĲΣΪһӦˡ
ֻҪַһգͲ֮ʲô¡
ʱַ壬֪ңؼʱ̡ʱ䣬һ֪֪Ѿȥ˺ܳһʱ䡣
ַԼҲû뵽ķôʱ䡣ҲֹͣңʱƣҲԽԽоڽƺҪˡ
ˣˡ
ַҲſĿޣҲ쵽˽ʱ


1488 潵٣
˼ԪԼѹħ桭
Ĺ֮УСĿǰߣľ棬η֮£Ҳ֪޲ԣ¶ͳͳ߸ľ档
ᵽԪԼħѹʱǰľȴ¶һ˿죬ЦݣⲻһֲԤС
ľ滹޼ɵĴЦţԪҲнգұ׷ɱֻܷϢĹг˯òųһЩԣһЩ̰ĹѰҲлѡ
ڱϷȵˣˣϷû죬ޱȵĳ졣Ԫ𣬷ģˣһὫһֵļԪ˳׻ҲϷʹ࣡
ľɫҲľǸоƺľҪߡһ
棬ǿ𣿡
СʵʵǺܲ
ľֹͣ˷ĴЦһǼ¶һ˿ЦݵȻǽһѣϷȻҪһЩô
ǰһܹһЩȻٺòˡ
лľ档
ǵȷøлϷϷǲóܼԪ֮࣬Ķ͡

ðҪͷһӰûüֻľĴ֣ͬһ㣬һӿ¡
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ľ۾΢΢һУ૵Ԫ𣬲ǲʱδҲн죿
ľЦţһӣĹ綼Ϊ˻ҽһľʧӰ
ˣ
տĽУһȦȦĿռ֡ں嫵Сǧ統УֻҪпռĵطܽпռ䴩
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Ψ߿ռܹͨСǧг衣ֻ߿ռͨǼԪõ̺߿ռҲû
յУһ߳һߣȻľ档
ľЩȻǰУƿߣͨƿߣҲһֻǶЩϡ١ȴԵ÷ǳ֡
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ӵ߱ļԪҪ׷ɱľ棬ǼֱأûľĲ֮֮£ľֻԼԼ׷סüԪûа취ҵ
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ľ治ڼԪǰѣͲ൱ˡΪˣľ׼İԿ׾˲֪٣ͳͳȥʣģҲһˡ
һ㣬ľ޷ˡûǣƵֵز˭ǾǼԪ
ˣľԼԪ֮ǣֻϧԪ̫ǿľԶԶǶ֣ҲֻܹӲдˡ
ڲһˣľ־һȷ˼ԪȷԼȥѹħ棬൱ˡ
ⲻľ̲סЦ
վﻹǲʹ죬гˣվڼԪǰľͺܲʹ졣
ľҲԪڵĻһԪ¶ԶԶǼԪĶ֡
⻹൱ìܡ
ԪˣмԪˣ
ľ潫ĿתƵ˼Ԫ˵ϣңĿǰļԪˣʱЩԪϻڵĻľҴĵҼԪ˵鷳
ڣһλǧĺԪ϶ûУԪ˶ľ滹ʲô
ڴ˵еĺַ壬ľûзСһָͷ
һЩַĴţľһ
̶ʱڣʵô죬п˼̫˼ˡϷҪʲôܣ
ľ۾΢΢һУԶһǼԪ˵ʱܲͬСǧֵĵط
ಣ
ľӰһֱŲƵ˼Ԫܲ
ƿߣ˶ŶʯԪܲס
ľǼһ˿Цݣƿߣоͺܳ졣Ԫ䵽ֵزﻹеĳȻ̬֮
Ԫ𣬽գҾҪѩޣѪԪˣ
ľ͵̧ͷεϢ籩һ㣬˲䱬
ʱ˶иӦ͵̧ͷ


1489 ˣ
ǡ
˭˭
ǼԪܲ˭ﶯ֣
ֲ̫ˣǶˡ
ƿ߶͵̧ͷһ̣ԪܲУƵƿߣһĶɫ䡣
һЩͨƿߣжôģΪǸ޷ӦֵɢϢжôĿֲμԪˡ
ΪСǧһԪ˵֮
Ͼַ̤ˣ¿Ǽƿߣ˭Ҳû뵽ʱ˸ڼԪжֱ֣ǶԼԪˣԺƣ
һЩһǶһȴɫء
Ǹо˳صѹе𣬽ֻǷԪˣΧ㡣Ҫ֪ƵƿߣһǡҲ١
ڣȴûκһλƿͦͼǲңǲܣֳѹǶ𣬶оϷ·ѹһɽһҪˡ
ڰǰҲûйֲֿѹ
һԶĿֲǿߣ
ԲҲУַΣȫĿǰԪԼ֮ˣҲ˳ĳΪ˶
ڣ˳֣оѹ
ǣʱȴòվڴ֮ǰѾǰȥ֪ͨұչصַ塣
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ಣ
Բ˳ȥеߵ֪ºˣҼԪܲƶ䣬ˣ»ȥⴥ˼Ԫ˵Ĺء
Բ⻰൱ĿˣҲΪ֪ԷʵĻɾͲôˡ
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ľȻЦǼԪ˵Ĺ޹أô꣬Ҳˡ
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ȻƿҲ˽ߣҲΪϧһߡħ󲿷ƿ߻ͬ飬Ǻħĵˡ
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ԴӼԪ˱ʷ󣬾ͽĳ˵ߵУôˡԪ˵ΪҲ֪
УԪѾΪһϣһ赲ħϡԪûйϵƿߣҲ֪Ԫ˵ҪԡˣһЩҰĲ֮ҲڼԪҡ
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ľĻˡŭһ˽ƿߣû˻ϲ
˭ǶԹۣ
ɱôƿߣѵһƿߣǿֵܵô𣿡
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һʱ䣬һЩһǶ𣬶̲ס̱Լƣľ
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ľںϰλľٶ˶ѵʶⲻһͨ𣬶һˣ


1490 Ըˣ
ˣڿԺú˵˰ɣ
ľںƺĲϰƿߣֻǼֻӬһȡĮƿߣ˸е־塣
Բ𣬴˿̶̲סҵšƺãΪҲǰûʲôԽվøߣԽԼС
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µ˭
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ľĻԲһڲ
֪û⣬Բȴˡ
Ƕڴ˭
´󲿷ֵˣѾںһ֣ǾǺ
Բַڱչأǹؼʱ̡ľַǺֱ롣
ԼҲʲôַˣ֮¾ͳˡ
ֳϣǧҪ
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ңľȻϾĵȴַĳ֣˵ʲô˵ľžԵİա
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֮£ַ岢һ֪ȴѾ˹ؼʱ̣ڵѾҪˡ
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ڣһӴĽ˲۳Ργɣһոյ磬ͬһѸٵĳ֡
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ڡڡ˰ڡһǧڡ
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ʱһЩʱһЩ
ˣһڷ籾Դʮ磬Ѿ൱ˡ
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ɣ
ľ汬ڵ֮ûȫֲ֮Ѿ׾ٵѹѹԪܲˡ
ǰľǰҲ֧Ų˶á
żԪһıľĳ޵Ļ棬·ԽԽҲԽԽ졣Լӡ꣬Ϊ˽죿
죬ڵóԸˣһĻٵԪѪԪˣ
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䣡
һϤյУ·Լһ궥صľ޴֧Ԫܲ
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ţǡַ壿
ľһİӣĿһ˿ɫ


1491 ǧ
㲻ұľ棡
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ţľ涼ɫľ棬Ҳ壬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԭֻһ㣬û뵽Ȼʹǰ𣬵գȴ޷ֹϷ򣡿׳ܣϷһ
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жܽţһΪַ
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ľ棬ľ桭ˣĳżУᵽ֡
ľͷų˴󲿷ƣʱ˶һı龪ʧ롣ǧ𣬺ʣľȻһλǧ
֮ǰľʵûȫֻʩչһɵʵ˶ľĵϸ
ڣַǡƳľϸȻһǧ
ƿ߶ɥɫʧ롣ǲ򶨣ʵǧֲ̫ˣľȻǧ
ÿһλǧǶǴСǧĴڡ
ͻȻðһλǧܿԤʾʲô
ǧ𣡡
ַҲ૵
ֻ˵ǧ𣬱Ԫ˵ĺԪϣǧ𡣵ǧߣ޼
֪ǧжôĿֲַ֪֪ǧжôĿֲ
ΰûУļԪһֱ׷ɱϷϷԭͣˣҪǣҲ練ƣ
ľЦ·߸ϣǧ磬ȷʸһУʮǰľУʵûκβ
ַǿľУҲ΢ǿһϰˡ
ǵģľУҲֻϰڣֶѹ

һ̣ľ涯ˣһֻƣƺԪܲһ£ԪܲữΪ촷ۡ
ƵƿߣһлΪҽȻľѾԼԪ˶ɱ⣬û˿֡
䣡
һַ̣ϵϢҲȫ汬
ľ棬Ҳ̫Сĳˣ
һ˲䣬ַͷҲֳһĽһ޴֣أبյУʵһ㡣
ӿֲǣʯһ㣬˲佫ռӹ̣ľϢҲȻ
ոջΪľĿֲƱ𶯲ѵļԪܲ˲ϢѾƽ
⡭
˶ɵۡˣޱȵ𾪣Ŀ޴
ǣַϵϢҲڽڽһǷš
һڡڡڡİڡ
ַĳƮ裬ϵİҲ·ͷһ飬Լٶš
תۼ䣬ַƾͼﵽһٽ㡣
ڡڡ߰ڡ˰ڡŰڡ
䣡
ַƴﵽһٽ㣬˲գﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ǧ磬һǧ簡
ȻҲΪǧ𣿡
ûʲôܵģռôĶʯƿߣûκƿǧڣ󲿷ƿ߶ԣǿɶңɼ룬Ժ˵ȴֿɵã
˵𾪣ɻҲһ˿˷ܡ
˭뵽̶̰ʱ䣬ַܴӰһԾΪǧֿԽ̶ȣ˵û˵


1492 ǧ֮ս
ôܣǧ𣿡
𾪵ľ棬˭뵽ַȻҲǧû˱ľǧжôѡ
ľ棬Ϊ˳ɾǧ𣬲֪˶ټҲһ
һ·ſɾǧ𣬿ݺСǧ磬ܱҪǿƿ߻ħѾûжˣվߵһС֮һ
ڣַȴľһΡɡôУǲǶùϸַ壬ַ֪ڰǰֻǰ𣬶ֻһٶڸ硣
ַͱǧƣ̺⣬ľ涼̲סһ
꣬ɾǧ𡭡
ַпЦ뵽һַĴţ֮ǰЩ̫ţڣˡѵƿߵ֮
һҪõϵܣһ
ľı鶼
ԭֻǶַһЩȤһָ߸ϵַ̬塣ڣַ֪ʱ䣬ͳΪǧľҲ޷ˡ
ޱȵĿõַϵܡ滹ʲôܣҪõ½ֻһ˿ϣ
ǻԪˣѩޣԴ˿̵ľ˵ѾôҪˣץסַҪġ
ܺãַ壬棬дܡһţˣֻϧ㲻ǰ¶ܣܣҿԪˣҲ㣡
ľϵҲڽڽƺǧڲļޡ
ַأɱ˫֣Цľ棬˵ϻб£Ǿͻĳץסĳ򣬾Ͳвˣãַܵв𣿡
ȷֲַΣܵв
ᣬκһλƿ߶ܵв
ԪҪ𣿵ȻҪ
֮Ҫ𣿵ȻҲҪ
ҪַҲΪ˱ȫǣԼΣ֮УӲܵľв
ˣԺΪԪ˺֮ⱨˡ
ľһ˿â֪Ҫץסַ壬²ôˣȻˣǾսɣľ˼Ԫ𣬾ûη˭
Ҳã֪ǧҲиߵֵ֮ģ
ľһͷƮϷ·һ˿𻨡ǵģ𻨣Ҳ˻ɫͷһ磬ҲȼյĻ
յе¶ҲѸߡ
򣡡
ַأʵĹʮ˽Уλƿ˻
˻ƿô࣬ʵϣʱ䡢ռ⣬򣬾ûǿ֮֡
ʱ򡢿ռҲֵĹԣصڶ֮ϡ
ڣľǧʩչǼֱ󺣡ǽҲҪһ˿˿Ļճɻҽ
ǣľϵϢȻѾﵽǧ磬Ȼζţľ治ͨǧô򵥡
ѹּԪҪ׷ɱľ棬֮ɱ¾֮󣬱ħҲѷɫй֮
ַһݣ䲻֪ԪǺԭ׷ɱľ档ľΪǾͲһ
ɱ¾ֱ֮׷ħ
ˣԪ𲻻Źֻϧľİ취ڷ˻
ַɫأѾ˼£һǧ磬ŤգѹһУӲĿסľġѹ
ַѹҲܴǷǳ֮
ľƵĽڽַ壬ҲֵֵסĸоľʩչĻƻĹַ廹ҪסԪܲǣ̫ľ
֮ѹ
ַһͺ𣬵һΣʹû֮Եˡ
ˣ
֮âţһĸ룬ѸٵַڽУַڽҲڲϵţ·ΪһŴƵģסԪֵܲľĻԼ֮ѹ
ţ
ľɫ΢΢һ䡣
ղѾʩչ˴󲿷ֵʵַǧ𣬶ֵܵסĹʵȴǣַ嵲סĹ
ƣ
ľһȣʱҲûһ˿ٶ
һǧڡһǧڡһǧڡһǧ˰ڡǧڡ
ǧڵ磡ľʵڼԪ˵ĺԪУʵҲߡ
ַһǧ磬ľҪǿһ
ˣһ˲䣬ַĻ֮ԼټĽЩ֧Ųסϵıѹơѹơѹƣ·ʱпܱ
ƣȻ˼ΪΣʱ̡


1493 ʱ٣
꣡
Ȼַʲôѡһ㡣
ǡ򣿡
ַһƿַ߲ͬǾȻĽЩƽʱַ嶼ûжáΪ𴿴֮ʵϲûʲôơ
ôûƣҲĽ򣬶֮ûʲô̫ơĽһʩչͬȼħƿߣæңƣӦ
ڣַӦЩм䳹סѡˡľĻնϡˡ
ַк𺳣һǿһ̶ȣȻܡնϡĽ
ңҲϢϢأŽ飬ַڽЩССһЩҲ׷׵ıΪ촷ۡ
̶ʱڣַʧءľǿڣֻһĽ֣Ҳóܾ޴ʧ
ڸղôһСʱ䣬ַʧ硣
һڸ磬Ǿ൱һλˣʧַ嶼һݡ
ǧ磡
ַ૵Ѿ߹ľ棬û뵽ǵ͹ˡǧ磬ڼԪ˵ĺԪϵУҲ൱ˡ
ľдʵȻݺСǧ磬ûκΣաʵȴļԪ׷ɱ·š󲻵òԼӡԼأȵԪѹħ棬޷Ÿ
꣬ľжôķŭ
ַľ棬ʵһǧ硣ֲ࣬Ѿ֮𣬲֮󣬼ֱһ޷Խĺ蹵ʹַôֶҲκβľ档
磬ʱ
ַûдʹʱǧľ棬ʹʱΣ
ʱ䶼޷ַֹܵɣʧء
ӣ
ַԺУһôһͷ
пռ̣֮ȻߡʱӡǣҲߡ
һˣԪô죿֮ô죿
ʵַЩǸеġֶΡˡĵ򲻵ѵʱַˣҲûʲô
ַȴҪЩַѰʯַѾ̽һ׬ʯ·ӣһ˼Ԫˣ֮⣬ô˾뽻׶ʯȥַ壿
ᣡ
ַ¶˾ġ
ֻǣ֮ʩչ˳޷ֵľ棬ʲôľ濹⣿
ˣ籾ԴҪ籾Դ
ַһڽ򣬱Եǧϵ硣Ϊȱ籾Դˣַûܹǧ硣
ܽڵĶʯȫǧ磬ʱľΣ
뵽ַ嵱ȵԲ𣬽ʣµ籾Դҡ
Բ΢΢һ㶣ַڼѵĵֵľ棬޴ҡҡ׹ַ֪²̫ãһܹסľ档
ַԲ̱㽫ʣµ籾ԴһԵӸַ塣
ֳϣ籾Դʣʮڷݣ籾Դȫ׳˶ʯ
Բǽʣµʮڷ籾ԴϽ׵ĶʯͳͳӸַ塣
ַ֮һʮڷ籾ԴԼĶʯȫ뵽ڡ
ʮڷ籾ݣôЩʯҲΪַİڸϣܹﵽڣ
ȻǰҪ㹻籾Դ
ʮڷ籾ԴͶ뵽ַڽС
ʱһˮ뵽˹̵͵һַڽʼҵţһѸٵġ˳
ַõĶһǶʯˣͳͳǽ
һĽȻǳӴֻǣٶЩƽʱٶȲ൱Ŀ졣
ڣַڼѵĵֵľ棬սսôڵٶȾЩˡ
ʱ٣
ַ嵱ϣʩչʱ
ֻǣһʱûжľʹãǶԼʹãַڽ򣬸һ˲䣬ʱ俪ʼ١
ַڽ򣬾Ϳһʱ١ַ̫ʩչʱм٣ǶԼڽ٣ַڽҲܵɡ
ַҧأʱκԥʩչеʱ١
䣡
һ˲䣬ַڵĽ򣬾ըһ㣬˲ҵʱٿһĽ򣬼ֱͬһ㣬Ѹٵġ˳
ʮڷ籾Դַ嵮һս
̶̵ļʱ䣬ַڽ򣬾ȻûܵκһǧսѸٵһǧս


1494 籾ԴԶԶ
ţ
ľһֱȫʩѹ
ǧ磬ֲ֮ͬһһ㣬ݺݵĴַͷ޴
ԭ޴Ѿҡҡ׹ƺʱ֧Ųס
ڸղţľӦ޴Ȼʵһ㣬ĸӵġʵ
ֻһı仯ȴľӡ
ѵǿʵ
ľЩĿɿڴսʵôܣ
أ
һػַڵ磬˲ڡ
ģ̫̫󣬵Һøղţַ岻һУǿʱ٣ڶ̶̼ڵʱڽٴΡһ硣
ĿǰڽѾһʮڸˣôǿһЩʵټʧȥò˶ãַʧϰڸҲǲܡ
籾ԴԶԶҪ籾Դ
ַšڽ׶ʯǰӵڷ籾ԴѾ㹻ˡû뵽һĶʯ̫̫ࡣ
籾Դˡ
ʮڷ籾ԴԶԶ
ַ忴һۼԪܲƵƿߣһԺ˲һͷ漴ַλ֮ʣסľ棬ԪܲᱻľΪƽأˣữΪ촷ۡ
ˣҪҵİҪ籾Դ籾Դʵֵľ棡
ַĻܲ󣬵ȴĻص˵Ķߡ
ƿ鶼ܸӣҲ֪ƽһַĵסҲ
ڴҶһپһ
ˣ籾ԴôƿҲ˳
һ籾ԴոմԲжһûüʹãԸһ֮
Ҳ籾Դȫ𡣡
ľҰĲɱ¾죬ǲóѡһʣ¾ǧ籾Դͳͳ𡣡
ַĻ£һĶӦЩƿߣ׳ٷݡһǧݻ߸࣬ԴԴϵ籾Դַľ뵽ڽС
ܹԪܲƿߣٶһƿߣҶܷ񣬼籾Դƿ߶ӵС
ǣԴԴϵ籾Դͳͳ۵ַʱȻﵽ˿ֲʮڷݣ
ʮڷ籾Դ⼸ѾǼˡ
ַҲû˿ԥ̽ʮڷ籾ԴͳͳͶ뵽ڽУʼһĽ
תۼ䣬ʱ٣ַڵĽٴζһսﵽһǧİս
һǧİսľǧսҲֻڰˡˣַڽﵽһǧİս֮ҲӵǿᣬԵֵһľĹ
ҲֻԵֵˣַܸоڲϵıţľ֮Ĳ࣬ɺܴ
ߣˣ
ľɵղţֻǺַ壬ڣѾһ˿־塣
ΣƵУַ嶼ǿʵһıǿٸַһʱ䣬˭ܿ϶᲻һλԪ
ڣľѾɱ⣬ַܿϵܣַ岻ϵǿǽַնɱҲҪϧԲַӳ죬ľ治ΪϴһôãûбԪնɱ
ľ֮ǹ
ľһڽ򲻶ϵ𵴣漴һīĳǹľС
ǹһַ֣о˾޴ΣաԲһĳǹ
ݣ
ľ泤ǹһʱһķâֱӶַڽ
¡
ַڽ򲻶ϵţһ磬һ֮һܵһЩˡ
ʲôʧʮ磿
ַһɫǴ䡣
һ¾ʧʮڣֻһ˲䰡ʮ£ǲǾͻʧһ磿
Ǽֱ̫ˡ
ʲô
ַ̲סĶǱīľ֮ǹоǱľ֮ǹϣлϢƺ̺Ż
ֻħĻҪֲҪöࡣĻܻһУƺ̺Ż
ӹԪ׷ɱҲû
ַ弸Ѿµİ˾Ųʮ
ľݺСǧ磬ǵüԪ׷ɱȴɻľ֮ǹûľֵⷢһ̺ıȻķʱ䣬һ
˵ַˣͬȼĴڣܴ
ң⻹ľ֮ǹԪ߱ˣԶԶûȫָ֮£һǹַʧһʧϰ磬Ҳǲܡ
ʱַ·ŻȻЩϵǧ𣬹һС
Уܱ򣬲ԴУ
ַԺ˺ܶͷͷָħ硣
ַҪ籾Դֻд籾Դַ塰ڵĶʯӶŤתս֡
籾Դࣿ
ʣֻħ磡
ַ˿֪ľĿѾӼԪܲתƵϡˣֻҪľ׷ϣǾһᾡȫ׷һǼԪܲˡ
ǣַ̾˾
ˣ
ʱסľ棬½ֻһ˲䣬ַ͸оڵĽ·ҪƵģʧ硣
ȡһ˿ᡣ
ಣ
ַ廯Ϊһ⣬˲ľķű߾߷ȥ
ӣ
ľоâһ漴̾׷ȥڼԪˣľУҪȴԶѷַ塣
Σľ涼ַӵ
ǣһǰһһһ׷ѸٵԶ˼Ԫˡ


1495 ľ治ԤУ
ݣ
һĹâ˲䶴ַڽ򡣲ңַڽҲھҵţգۼʧ˳ʮڵ硣
ַ壬Ӳģ
ַľַѾٶȣпռʹռ䣬ľȴεĸַ
ңľǲǣʩչľ֮ǹľ֮ǹǳһǹַܶڽ
̶̵һʱ䣬ַһֱߵУȻͱ˴ʮΣѾʧһ硣
νʧء
ԭһǧİսҲֻʣһǧڣңľַԽԽһַ֣ʧֻ
ľ׷ɱַҲûзƴȫѾɵħڵƬмħ磬ַ嶼
ĿģҲЩħ磡
ಣ
ַѾһħǰħ磬𵱳ַɵĳħ磬ҪС࣬ˣҲһħ硣
ַ˿̵ľһɨ֮£ܿħнֻһħַȴϲ⣬ڸϵħ硣
ţħ磬ħֹϷ򣿼ֱ롣
ľЦһһħ磬ʲôңַħħֻһħľһָѹ
ˣľ沢ãַӵܹ׷ɱ
ৣ
ַӵͣ
ţˣȻ֪Ѿ޿ӣǾ͹ԹԵĽϵܶ˵ɣһһϾԪټ٣Ϊһҡ
ľҲ֪Ԫټ٣ˣڼѾǰ޽ˡ
ڶȹԪ٣
һļԪ٣ľҲôɥǧڵսٷӶһЩԴδܴﵽǧǧ磬ΪҲûһϣ
ǵھŴμԪ٣ɽһжҪΪһҡһϣûˡľ֮ҪõַϵܣΪһЩԭľӴһλǧĽ
λŵľʲôıǿ佻סܹõַϵܣλҲȤӶǧ磬һͿԶȹμԪ
ˣľŻַһֱ׷ᡣ
ַĿĮʱһûľ档
ʱ侲ֹ
ַʩչʱ
ˣ
ӰεʱѸٵ˷ɢĿȴľ棬ǲԶħ硣
ַ˿һǧڵ磬ʵǧʩչʱ򣬺εȿֲȻ޷ֹסľ棬ֹһֻаħħ磬Ǿײˡ
ʱħ֮ϣַһһ̣
û˿ԥַһڱ޴ħ硣
ľ΢΢һ漴ҲعȻַ֪嵽ʲôַ岻ˣһһħ磬ʵѰζ
ľȴַġ¡ħ硣
ߣӣǾͲҪˣ
ľ浹Ҫַ嵽ڹŪʲô飿
ǣľеľ֮ǹ˲ַ塣
ৣ
˲Ϣ䣬ǹַ壬ַڽҵ𵴣˲ʧʮڸ硣ԭֻʣһǧ磬ڸֻʣһǧʮ硣
˾޴ʧֱδšַ廹ǵһγô޴ʧΪַֹľսѾʧһʮ硣
ֻǿʼ
̣
ַûľ棬ȫǡӲž޴ʧҲҪħȫ̽ڽ
ǰַûеħ綼̽ڽ򣬶Ҳ̲ڣַѾǧ𣬺嫵֮һħ磬̼ܴ顣
Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬Ϊ˺ľʱ䣬ַֻܽħ綼һ̽ڽ
䣡
ħ綼ַ̽ڽһַ̣Ϳʼ٣ʱ٣ļڽ
ħ˲ħͳͳǧֱ֮ѹΪ籾Դ籾ԴַڵĻ֮ʱ£ÿÿ룬ڵ߽
ԣô
ľɫ΢䣬ƺšַ彫ħɺϵƴǣһɽҪ緢һ̺ſֲ
ľ֮ǹѾĴַ壬ַʧҲȷڼӴ
ʮڡʮڡʮڡʮڡ
գۼ䣬ַڵĽ򣬾ʧһڣǰһڣǾʧ硣
ˣַȴû˿ʹĵı飬ǽ¶һ˿ЦݣľɫҲԽԽѿɫޱȵء
ԭֻһǾַƣѾѸٶȣԶԶʧٶȡ
һʱ䣬ľȻֲԤС


1496 ǧ磡
䣡
ַڽУɱȻɽҪˡǲǻɽ汬ը籬ըһ磬һĽʱ֮£Լٶȵ
ַԹһ£ħ磬յõ籾Դʮڷҡ
ʮڷ籾Դڵַ˵ǾǾúءʱַڽĻ֮㿪ʼġʯ
һڡڡڡ
ַڽĵһʮĵսҲÿһڡ
ַһֱڳľʧڽӵ磬ǵʧͲʲôˡ
תۼ䣬ַڽʹﵽǧս
⼸ľͬȻַ屩ʵʹָĿסӿȵȴǰҲ˼١
ֱ׷ľĿֲơ
ôܣǧ磬ôһСʱ䣿
Ǽʶľ棬ʱҲĿɿڴĲ˼顣ķ޾£˼Ԫղ޳ǧڸ磬Ϊǧݺһʱ
˭뵽̶ַһС򣬾ѾԽԪУ
ʵǰַһʼľ׷·ţûκεİ취Ҳʧءľ漸ַڸ硣
Ϊַ֧Ų˶೤ʱˣ綼ᱻľնɱ˭뵽һӾͷˣ
ħ磿
ľϸһ£ַħ磬Ϣһӱǡ֮ǰַ廹õ˲ʮڷݵ籾ԴϢҲǡ
ѵַ籾ԴѸʵҼĶ籾Դ
ľ뵽ֿܡ
ֻǣʵ̫˼ˣַ籾ԴǿһֱħӶѸʵõڼԪܲ
ԣ֮ǰַ廹籾ԴȡʯӦǣֱַöʯ籾Դ硣
ľѾӽࡣĻôַ屩ǵʵҲܹˡ
ֻǣ֪࣬ľʲô
ľѾڽţľ֮ǹÿһζַܸһʧ
ֻǣַʵһʼַʧʮ磬ڣʧļСˡʮ磬һ·»ڡڡڡ
ľ֮ǹһһ綼޷ơ
ַ巴Ѹٵʵǧ粢ǽ෴ֻǿʼˡ
ǧڡǧڡǧڡǧ˰ڡǧڡ
ܿ죬ַʵѾǧڣֲϿֲķľȫʩչľ֮ǹַ첻ʲô˺ˡ
һ̣ľ
ӣ
ûκԥַġڣսսȻڶ̶̵ʱڣʵ
ֱδţֲ㡣ľʵѾַĶˣڲߣȵʲôʱ
ߣóô
ַЦһľǱʧأܲޣطðճľĹҲҪ̵һħ磬ʧòʹÿռ֮ߡ
Ԫˣ֮⣬֮ǰļƻҲȫ
ʧ֮󣬼ֱ
ľҪϾַ֮·ϾַϣˣȻ׷Źľ档
ʱ侲ֹ
ַĿĮĶľ档
֪ľĹϴڣǧ𣬿϶ֶβ١ˣַ岻Ҵ⣬ֱӾͶʱ
ʱ£ľʲôıֶΣһжȻ
Ȼַʩչʱ侲ֹʱľһ漴ױֹסˡַǧսҪֹסǧľ棬ʲô¡Ҫеʲôĸˡ
ַ֣û˿ļɣͬһشһ㣬ݺݵľϡʱľڽҵ𵴣ַǧһĶ£ǵУ
οľڻַ塣
أ
ַһǹľʱʧϰ硣ңַڽԴԴϵĵ硣
֮ǰַֻԲṩĴʯˣ˿ַʵѸٵš
ǧڡǧڡǧŰڡ
գַڽڽƽڵﵽǧڣ
ϣʯһգ籾ԴҲһգԣַڽﵽǧս
ڼԪ˵ĺԪУǶٮٮߣ
䣡
ַٴһ£һΣľ磬ʧڡ
أ
һһΣַʱ侲ֹ֮£ľһӡ޷ѳʱ侲ֹֻһһΣַ
ιľ棬ǧ綥ֻʣ磬ڽʱűجˡ
ৣ
ַ֮һֱӽľ뵽ڽУѹסɲľ棬öԷôװˡ
οȹϵĶ𣬻кܴļֵ
ľѾָ˹ַڽҲ֪ԼĴɫɥ
ˡû뵽ϷûڼԪ׷ɱ֮£ȴС
ľңиеޱȵĿɬ


1497 ֮أ
ľӵĿַ壬аתǧأճ׵ƽζ벻֮ô̵ʱڣԵַС
Һܺ档
ַ忴ľ棬˵㵱ӹԪ׷ɱԼԪʵɱ²Ѵ֮ľ֮ǹҲһ
ľ汻ַѹھǽ֮ҲĻ䣬ǧڵ磬ֻʣڣȫٱŵھŴμԪ٣ʲôϣ
ǺǣԪȷ˭˵ֻʵˣ˵ԪƿߣΪӦԪ٣ƴɱħƿߣǶߣͳͳϷɱգϷɱ˴󲿷ƿߣҲӶ˴󲿷ֵ磬֮࣬ԼӦǺܽӽˣϾϷõĶǶʯ伫Ҳ޽ӽ𡣡
ֻϧջǱԪ׷ɱϷʧأһ󲻵òӡԼԪ𶼸ӦӶӹһ١
ڻһж·ĿľԼԪĺ⣬ֱ㾡һж޷ϴˢ
Ͳôһ㣬ľ˵ڵԪǼֱݺ޵еĴڣܱ֮Ϊ桱ߣǵУ
ֻϧһжԪˡ
ַЩ죬û뵽ľȻôһλ޽ӽ۷ǿߡ
ݺһԪڵԪ߳ƣңݺ޵С
ַ嵹⡣ǿľ֮ǹЩͬ죬ѾҲܵشʮһ
Ļľȫʢʱڣһǹַܽնɱ
ȻݺһԪ޵ô֪𣬾Ҫٸ磿
ַʵҲľҪԭȻַѾʵǿǼԪ˵ĺԪϣʵҲΡǿߣҲˡ
ַҲֻ֪һЩģĸ磬֪ӵа֮
֮ν綨ַһ֪ˡ
𡭡
ľ˿̾һ˵ʵ𣬽ֻһǼԪ𣬶ûгΪ𡣼ԪѾӽĴˣȴûгΪһɣⷽСǧŸԪУûе𡣡
ҵ⡣˵İ֮ʵǴǣ浽һ˵ľӦСﵽһ̶ȣǾܹСǧ𶯣ʱȻȻͻ֮߱ӶΪ𡣡
ؼȴǶʯûǶʯԶҲܳΪ𣡾֪û˭õǶʯ
ľĻʵľַһ֪⡣ǣ֮ʲôӦ磬ַ޷⡣
ûǶʯܣһԪսƺΪǶʯԼԪʵôûеõǶʯ
ַ뵽һԪս
ô۷𣬾ΪǶʯǶʯȴ֪٣Ȿͷǳ֡
Ҫ֪ԪǵһԪ͵ĶÿһԪڻʯĴڡǶʯԪôûеõ
Ԫս
ľЦ˵֪˵ʲôȷһЩǶʯϢʵϣ֪ЩǶʯĹ𣿹ЩǧųǶʯϢٽԪٵʱǧ١
Щǧ޲Сǧƿ߻ɱǾ̵ܹǶʯЩǧٵУǼԪΣϣǶǽеϰˡ
زľѾûʲôˣ֪޲
ǧ
ַ尵˵Ͷǧ˽⣬ȷֿܣóǶʯڶƿ߻ɱȴκβЩǧ
ѹּԪǧʹҲΪÿһμԪ٣ǧйء
û˿ԳΪˣɡֻһᣬǾǧĽüֵȥǧ磬ܱܿھŴμԪ١ĻһжữΪһҡ
ľĻ䣬ַȴҡҡͷ޷ΪɲãûǶʯΣ
㡭
ľ΢΢һ㶡ǰûǶʯΣ
Դ󲿷ƿ˵ûǶʯǾζûϣһҲܳΪ
ַ岻һһλƿߣ


1498 ½磡
ľĳȣ·»
һ뵽ǽ֮Ҳûʲôڴˡ
ˣ˵ˣɱɱɡҾӦñԪնɱʱͽˡ
ľĵ˵ҷӡǺεȴӣֱǼ尾ľҲپˡ
ˣǽѡ
ֻǣľ˺ܾãַ嶼ûжֱ֣뿪ڽ򣬶ľٴαѹַڽС
ַûնɱľ棬Ǿľ滹áΪһ޽ӽ޵дڣǼʶо飬ԶԶַӵķḻ
ԷԪ٣ԼԪٺ˽⣬ЩַҪġǣֱӽľѹڽУַľ棬ͲΪǡ
𡭡
ַŸղľᵽȻ˵ַ֮岢⡣ӦַҲжô档
Ȼľ涼֪ľַҲ֮Ӧİ취Ǿ̡̣ͣ
ֻҪ㹻Ķʯ籾Դַڽϵӣγܴﵽĳ̶ȣ
ַƾ棬ڽ򼸺ûмޣҲûƿԲϵۻһ̶ȣô磬ʵҲôһ£ȻȻܹﵽ
ԼַʵľǶʯ籾Դ
һΣַ籾ԴѾ㹻ˣȴû뵽һĶʯ࣬¿жʯԼȴû籾Դ
һΣַ彫ȡѵ
Ҫٴλô籾Դ籾Դõİ취ħô
ַ徫һɨѾ֣⸽ʵħ磬ȻѾˣַȻ
ǧսټʱʱӡǡռ̵֮ȵֶΣˣľ֮ǹҲַС
ֶΣַСǧ統к޼ˡ
ಣ
뵽ַӰ̻Ϊһ⣬ʧյС

ԪħŰⷽСǧھŴμԪټ٣õոʱˡ
ǧ磬һֺ嫵ĹУһλݣɢʥƴϢĽƽ˵
λԸǰⷽСǧ磿
ʵڹлصš
ԭλܹڽǰλߣɶ
ֻУ˿ȴûһλÿһλ𣬶ǽΪ̵
ΰĽǿ𹥳ǰկһһСǧ磬ڼԪʱȡ档
ΰĽ£ԸǰⷽСǧ磬ռȻ
ڹУվһЩûλõƿߡ
ЩƿߣϵϢҲһٶǧڡÿһλСǧ統УǶǶһţСǧ綼𶯵޵
ڽǰȴµʸûС
ԭһ˲ѡλǧɡס½֮󣬲ηηţСǧ統еıƿߺħ֮ڣ٣ʱ򣬼ԪҲռȻ
ǣΰĽ¡
ĵͷ¶һ˿˷֮ɫȻ½ҲΣȴãǿʵлһǶʯ
ΪҲǲܡ
𣬻϶ܶһ棬ĿֻһǾǳΪ
Ҳֻڽǰܵӡλܸߡ
ˣⷽСǧ統Уһλħ𡣻һλռĶ۷𣬵߻֮ڣ֡Ҫú׼ݱ㣬ⷽСǧļԪ٣ѾûʮˣӦǰˣһ꣬ǧ꣬Ԫٶпǰ١
ǣ£һ̵ʱڣɱµ񣬹ӭ𣡡
һݡ
СǧļԪ٣ʵҲ̶̫ʱǲ࣬Сǧλڲϵıãʱ򣬻Сǧ绥ײ
ײļʵ΢΢˭Ҳҿ϶Ͳᷢ
ԭۺһ𣬾ͻᵼ¼Ԫǰ١
ˣȥɡ
ֱӿһͨʱԼǧ𣬶ɽ˽֮ͨУ˲ʧӰȻѾٵ½統С
ʧӰƽĿȴ˸ţ·˼ʲô
˼СǧȻкܴײֱδšһ͵þ粼ˣСǧײпСǧļԪ٣ʱ򣬻γǰδеļԪ١ͬǻᣬԶһСǧ籾ԴĻᡣһףԶԶһЩϼһѾע⵽ţøϽñбڣⷽСǧĴУռһϯ֮أ
ţ漴ӴӰҲʧ˴С


1499 ǧڷ籾Դ
һħ磡
ַ˵һħǰ֮һŴƵģݺһ㽫ħ糹ɡ
ǧս̵һħ磬Ͳʲôǳɡ
ħħûУħеħֻת˲һڷ籾Դ
ڷ籾Դڵַ˵ԶԶǣּŵڶħȥ
ڶħ磬΢ǿһЩһħɰħħ磬Ҳǳֲǧ𣬿һʱҲκβá
ַȴͨǧһʱ侲ֹȻֱӾ֮һħ綼׾ٵľ뵽ڽ֮С
һħ磬תһʮڷ籾Դ㲻
ַһһħ粻ϵɣܿ죬Χͱַһա
ƽʱַǧ𣬿Ҳǿħǰֹˡħȴͳ鲻ǧڵǰַֹ塣
Ԫ˵ĺԪǣΧħ磬Щǧħ𣬶۵ħ統УԪ˵ĺԪǴս
ⷴǱַ壬ħ磬ûʲôܹ赲ַ塣
һʮʮʮ
̶ʱڣַͽ˶ʮħ硣ⲻһʮĶʮħ硣
ôħ磬ջ۳һ壬ַ˲ǧڷ籾Դ
ô籾ԴڶʱڣӦ㹻ˡ
ԭַ廹ȥɨħ綼ɨһաַ˶ʮħ磬ЩħҲ޴ĵõϢ
ǣһħ羡ǰӣȫһ
һħ磬һڵȻûǧڵ𣬵ڶħԼڵһʹַӵǧսʩչʱҲ޷һӾֹסôħ
ַ֪Ժô׻籾Դºˡ
ôħ磬ôİħ𣬾ӵǧڡǧ磬Ҳ޷ɡ
ַţһгһգΪ𣬻һԣһɣ֮񣬼ֱ
οַ廹кܴġҰΧħ綼һգȥԪ˺ԪΧħ磬սħ磬ֵܵϰǧһħ硣
ȻǶԺ¡
Щħ綼źַҲûʲôᣬԷ˼Ԫܲ
ֳϣڻˣλľˣ
ַصԪܲʱԲһӭԪ˵Ķ𣬸һĶӭ
ģûˡ
ַ岢Ըϸ˵ֻǺǡϾնɱľ̫ˣַѾСǧ磬ͲҪնɱľͷˡ
ܻ˵ģַˣľȴʧˣﻹһЩ²⡣
ˣ䣬ʲô춯
ַʵһֱЩ
֪˵λⷽСǧжôӡǣ˽ַ֪ʱأǾ͸ڱصá²õⷽСǧıԴҲһҪץסַ塣
ʱ䣬˽ҵⷽСǧλãȻͨһΣʱȥˣ˵ȴûнѾַĲ֪ô¡
ˣԴϴֳնɱ˵Ǽλ˾ûпͨҲûʲô춯
Բڼȫ֮⣬ȻҲһ
أ
ַʵ
ƺҲûκζ
Ҳûжǧأûнͨ
Ҳû˵нͨ
ַоЩԾˣھŴμԪ٣ҲյļԪ٣ʮʱ䡣ľƣԪħսһʱ϶ֲʤ
֮ħܹʱСǧ綼ᱻħŰЩǧǰ֣
ôҲ˵ͨ
˵Ľƺûж͸ˡ
ֱַӦǷĳЩʣŵЩǧ˵ġ
ʲôʣֻʵǿ󣬲ܱסԼҪסĶʵҪġ
ֳϣʵڰڼ䣬ǰ׵ƿѾԽԽˣʱ䣬Žֻ׳ʮڷ籾ԴʢһλߵĽ׶
ַüͷ΢΢һ塣⵹һ⣬ѵСǧ磬ôһ㶨ʯ
ֳϣҾÿ԰ŵһЩһǶʯʵ̫࣬ЩͨʯӦҲԷŽףһضʯͻԴԴϵ뵽ǵˡ
ԲĽ飬ַ˼һ͵ͷӦˡȷһǶʯȻַ峤磬ʵܿ졣
һǶʯȴʼһ⡣ͨʯÿʱÿ̶ڵԴԴϵĽס
ϸˮĵַ廹Ƕġ
ֻǣһʱܻ䳤ÿһַöʯ̫࣬ҲԶԶ֮ǰһǶʯ
ȴԴԴϵʧΪһ취
ãһڷ籾Դ׶ʯ籾Դ꣬Ҫ
ֱַӸԲһڷ籾Դ
ԲķַҲԲһڷ籾ԴȫԲˣϾĿǰַŵù˲࣬ԲΪߣҲַµѡַȻġ
ˣֳϡһλԪ˵ĺԪϣܲȥ
ԲȻ̧ͷַ˵


1500 Ԫϻع飡
Ԫϣ˭
ַЩ졣֪Ԫ˵ĺԪϣȥΧħˣôͻȻһλԪϣ
ԷԳ볾𣬶ңҲһЩ߾ĶȷϹӦþ볾ԪϣļԪ˺Ԫ֮һ
ԲҲôһλҡڵĽԪܲҲû˭ðԪ˵ĺԪϡ
ӦΪľ¡
ַһЩ²⣬ȻԪ϶ȥΧħ磬ڼԪ֮У϶ҲһЩԪǵĶĿ
ԪܲıһˣǿɾЦˡţΪЩԪ˵ĺԪ϶һ
ãҾȥһλ볾Ԫϡ
ǣֱַӳ볾Ԫϵסȥ
ԪַܲϤˣܿ볾Ԫϵסոշɵ볾Ԫϵסַȴһ㵭֣֮סС
ݣ
һַ֮ϯ

ַüëһ֪λ볾Ԫϵ⣬޷ǾһЩˡ볾Ԫ϶ԼԽһЩ
ϾַڻǼԪԪϣΪȴԪûʲôԪϻˣȻҪһԡַ壬ַһ
һ֮ûɱ⣬Ҳڣǰ޷ֵôһַ֪֮볾ԪϿ϶һλǿǧ
ַɲᱻ볾Ԫϵŵһַֻ֮ƣָſ漴õ֮һץ
ৣ
ǵַ֮һץȻ΢΢һŤͳɢˡҪ֪һλǧ֮
½ֻһҲǰֵܵġַȴ׾٣˭һ֮ʣһǧ
Ǻɡ
ﴫһİ֮Ҳ֮ʧ¶һСԺӡַҲֱӴ̤Ľ뵽ԺС
⴦ԺӸո̤룬ַ͸оתƺж졣
ԺУϥһӰ˶Եúƽƺֻͨˡַȴܸ̺ܵŵĿֲһ֪Ǻֵľ춯ء
ݼ볾Ԫϣ
ַҲ볾Ԫ΢΢һʩǲڵʵ¶ԷǼԪԪϣʵҲʲô
ৣ
볾Ԫ͵۾Ŀޱȵ·˸ڹԡ
ˣ綼ţǰ𡣵ڿ紫಻ţֹǰ𣿷ǧ𰡣
볾Ԫһ۾ͿˣַǧԶһܱ⡣ǧǾʹţڼԪˣҲʸΪԪˡ
ַ΢΢һЦ볾ԪϣΪľ
볾Ԫϵ˵ͷǣҲǡ
ţ
ַЩɻ
ľ棬ʵǶ֪Ԫ׷·ţȡɵķӣȻˣüԪҲҲ֮û뵽ľȻ³ˣңƺʵֻǧʵˡϷǻ׼ľ棬ȻĻľѾ˰ɡ
ǰ볾ԪϲúŪַҲͲ˵ͷľҲΪˡ
Ȼˣǿľ氡ЩԪϣϸ˵ҲԶԶľ棬ڵԪľݺһԪƵԪеǿߣ
볾ԪҲܸп
ݺһԪ޵ǿߣȴַˣ˭뵽
ʵһλϷ򲻽Ϊľ棬ľ棬˼ԪܲʵҲʲôǵĿ꣬һֱħ磬һݻħ磬ľҲΪǡΪ㣬Ϸȴò˭ܳ£Ψܣ
볾ԪϺ⣿ĳǵãûм볾Ԫϡ
ַüͷ֪볾ԪĿʲô
볾ԪĿĶַһɻϷ򶼻Ϊ͡ڽ֮ǰϷֻ׿ĻشһʵԸ档ⲻϷһʣкԪ֮ʡ
볾Ԫô֣£ַҲ
볾Ԫϵ˵޷
𣿡
볾Ԫԭʵִţַ׿ڳϡ볾ԭȴҪ׿ַĻش
ַһ漴˵ͷ£ĳûʲôġĳֻ¶֪ʯ֪ȷ棬̶Ϊƿߡ
䣡
ַ׿ڻش볾ԪԺһޱȵļ
ģģȻġƿ߰ᣬΨһĻᡭ
볾ԪϺܼ״Σжô˷ܡ


1501 Ψһϣ
ǧ𣬼Ԫ˺ԪϾȻ˵ļַҲ֪˵ЩʲôһЩ²⣬ȴȷ
ãȵ볾Ԫ΢ƽһ£ַٻʵ볾Ԫϣ˵ϣָʲô
ϣȻǶȹԪٵϣ
жȹһμԪٵİ취
ַһĶ볾ԪϡھŴμԪ٣ռĻ٣ַ壬Ҳûаܹȹδ١
ϾҪȹ٣ֻܳΪжѣַ棬ĳΪ𣬵ǽһСǧıԴˣҲһܹΪ
ĻǱضˣ
볾ԪϾȻ˵жȹٵϣַȻǳӡ
볾ԪϿĿصַ壬漴˵ȹ٣ҪΪû˭ܱ֤ΪϷ˵ϣֻ֮һƵ翣Ҳôһ˿˿ĻᡣʵϷ˵ϣȼԪϣǼԪܹƾżԪеĿռ߱Ҳδûһ˿ϣ
߱
ַ˳˼С
Ȼ֪߱жôԪܹ߱ԽѹԪʱ䣬߱ˡ
˵߱ܶȹԪ٣ַһš
ƺַĲţ볾Ԫϼæ˵߱ȻܶԿռԪ١ԪͬǴӵһԪʱѾڵǿߣδûһ취ȹԪ١οԪҲʮʱ䣬мԪڣҲоһ취磬ЩԪϾйһ룬Ȼ޷ȹԪ٣Ϊβ뿪ⷽСǧ磿Ψ߱Ŀռôһ˿˿ϣƿСǧϣӶ뿪ⷽСǧ磬ǰСǧ硣
ַǰһȷһ취
뿪ⷽСǧ磬ǰСǧ磬ҲСǧҲᾭԪ٣ȴгʱ䣬С
磬ַʱٶһЩ˵Ԫʹꡢǧַ꣬ϣΪ
ַ޷һϣˡ
һУ벻Ԫ벻߱
һɣҼԪΪˣĳҲǳ壬ϣĳҲԸ⹱׳һȥȼԪ𡣵֪ԪԼѹħ棬ȣ
ַȻĬϡ볾ԪϵɡԪ˵ԪûţֻмԪţ߱Ҳжȹٵһ˿ϣ
볾Ԫϼæ˵ܹȻٺòˡԪȷԼѹħ棬ʵϣԪûֻ߱Ϊһ壬֮߱ѹħ档ħħ޾ѹ꣬ħǸʱ򣬼ԪȻҲֻ·һ
ҲһȥȼԪֻϧħ֮ǿֱ˼ǲΣ޷֮⡣ԪҲȷ˾棬ûͲҪȥ
ⷽСǧ磬ûеǶʯйǶʯǶЩǧǧģĿΪǵңͲܵõǶʯ˵ˡڣ˺ǾͲһˣͲܵǶʯƣûǶʯɿԳΪ𡣵ʱΪ𣬾Ϳħ濹⣬ȻȼԪˡ
ַȻԭ볾ԪϻַָΪ
ѣ
ַЦҡҡͷжѣ볾ԪϾͲĳ˵˰ɣĳǶʯҪΪѣѣ졣
⵹ַͣѹŶʯʵϾܲڶʱڳΪҲûס
ԣѡǼԪΪһ˿ϣȫ㣡ʲôҪǶȫԸԪ˶ĺܣΪΨһϣ
ʲô
ַЩš
볾Ԫƺ˵ЦӣЩˡ
ʲôҪӦ
ԡ
Ҫħأ
Ҫħתɵ籾ԴɣȻûκ⣬ʵϣǼλԪϣΧħ磬Ѿ˲ٵ籾Դûɣȫгһգ׼õϣȫҲʲô
һҪأ
ԡ
ʯأ
ֻҪжʯȫó
ַԽԽ̵볾Ԫȴһ⣬ˬĴӦˡַⷴ
֡ϷƵĽ̸ʽַʵšԷһλʵǧ͸Ѱζˡ
λԪϣô
ַһصʵ
Ҳ̫СҵԪˡҲգϷ˵ʲô㶼һšҿһȥħ磬кԪ϶Χħ磬ʱԸŵ
볾ԪϵĻַһʱж
ʵѾЩ볾ԪˣϾһλǧ𣬸ûбҪƭ볾ԪϣܴܲкԪϣ⡣
ˣȥһеĺԪϣڱУ


1502 Ԫϻ
˵̾׼뿪
ԪܲʵѾҪַʱʱ̵̿ˣַԶ˭ڼԪܲ£
ˣ߰ɡ
ǣ볾Ԫһ˾ʧԺ֮УȻҲڽпռ䴩󣬲ǽ߿ռͨ
߿ռͨĿǰΪַֹû˭ˣǼԪҲܹ߱߿ռͨд
ͨĿռ䴩ַҲˣַҲһס볾ϣѸٵĸȥ
ৣ
Ҳ֪˼Σ볾ϲͣ
ˣ
ַ˳볾ϵĿȥһ޴ħ硣޴ħ磬ֱǰδеӴ󣬶ɢѹ
½ֻǸԶԶһۣƺļ¡
ǾħϳСǧģħԽħ磡
˿̵ħ磬ȴ㣬·֮סԼвҵɱϢ
Щֻ֮һ˿ǳֲѷɫַ볾ԪϣȻǧ֮
߰ɣϷȥһλԪϣŸλԪ֪˺ĵҲһܸˡ
볾ԪһѾɵħǰһ챦ħ֮ǰħεס
ԪǵԪҲǼС
ৣ
ַ볾Ԫϣɽ֮УԼһĿ⣬˲ַ塣ЩĿɻ󡢾ȵȵȣضԪϡ
ַҲڴЩԪϣʵϣڼԪУжλԪϣ˵硣ƿ߶Щ𶼲
ϾԪֻǡʱģֻһʱƺǰԪʱֻмԪ򣬸ûʲôԪϡ
ЩǧǣΪۼԪ˵սҲΪάסԪˣˣڼԪʧʱŪһԪϡ
ʵϣֻҪǧ𣬶ǼԪ˵ĳԱǾǺԪϵһԱ仰˵ڵַ壬ʵѾԶΪ˼Ԫ˵ĺԪϣ˼Ԫ˵ĺġ
ɣԪ϶ڵˡ
볾Ԫϲ֪ʲôʱѾַߣһ˿Цݡ
ַ˵ͷҲ볾ϣֱӽ˴С
䣡
ַ̤뵽˴УһΣһĿ޼ɵַһɨЩĿ⣬޼ɵӸ£ƺڡӡַһ
ţ
ַѽȣ֪еƿߣͳͳǺԪϣٶǧ𣬵Щô޼ɵġšǺܲ
ǣַ֮һ𣬽ЩĿһһġ𵴡һҲһССġѡ
ַ֮һ̾ͱ˲׽ˣǣһЩԪ϶ȻַȻѾǧˣú𺳡
볾ԭƺڽʲôַҲ֪˴У⣬һжʮһλǧ𣬶ǼԪ˵ĺԪϡ
ݣַ嶼оܳԾ
ǰҲ²žüԪ˵ĺԪϣҲ嵽ʿ֮䡣˭뵽ȻʮһλԪϡ
ҲжôȣֻмλԪϣѹħ磬Χħ磬Щħ뿪ħ磿

Ȼһַֺ˼
ַ̧ͷȥڴмһλԪϣӴƺһߣϵϢǻֺ롢ƴַжӿһǿҵвС
ƺһλԪϳ֣ʱ򣬿Ҳ̼䱻Ĩɱ
ǼԪĵ̣
λ𣡼ԪĿǰΨһһλʮϵǼԪ˳˼ԪǿĿǰҲԪϻᡣ
ַĶߴ볾ԪϵĴַλƲ
л𣡡
ַһݣ΢΢һ񣬱˳֣ҲĩβλϡһҲζţʽΪ˼Ԫ˺ԪеһԱжʮһλԪϵλͬƽƽ
ԪȻ飬𶼿ˣȻᷴԡ
ʱ볾Ԫ˵λԪϣǰԪܲΪ˽ľˡϧȥһ
һѵԪܲľˣ
ľ棬ΪԪԪ׷ɱˣѣȴ֪˵ΪǱضܹϢ
ԣľȫʢʱڣֺξգɱ
Ԫ϶ŭΪԪ˺ԪϵһԱȻ棬ȻֻʱļԪܲΣǶǼԪܲ
һԪ˱٣ľЩԪˡ
Ԫܲûб١ľȴѾˡ
볾ЦЦ˵


1503 Ԫǵ𺳣
볾ϻ£Ȼһӹİš
ľʲôĴڣƿ߲ΪǧǼԪ˵ĺԪϣԪڵʱҲǺպλߡ
Ԫ϶˼Ԫ᲻ľ
ľ۷ʱڣܹľ𣬿ҲȼλܹٷְٰնɱľߣҲֻˡ
ַ壬ǰֻǰȻ֪ʲôԭַΪǧ𣬵նɱľ棬
ľںУܣԲܡ
ǲϢŪˣľֻǰǼԪ˵ϣûж֣ܲˣ
ܣ볾Ԫȥ飬᲻
һֿܣľӹԪ׷ɱô꣬Ҳܵشʵʮһ
Ԫ϶۷׷ס
ʵ޷ţַǧǿʸΪԪϣҲնɱľ档
ʱ볾Ԫ΢΢һЦ漴˵ϢǧȷϷõϢľΪԪ׷ɱԵʣǼԪ˺֮ǡˣһֺ󣬾ֱԪܲҪԪܲ׻ٵѩޡ
ֻǣ裬ձնɱ
Ϣʵ١
ַҲûзľȻûѹڽУûʲô𡣶ңҲ֪볾ԪϵĿģơ
Ȼ볾ѾͨˣҲͬ볾Ԫϵľôڣ볾ԪϾͿʼַơ
ҪȫʮһλԪ϶ַ֧壬һ֧֣ȷЩѡ֧֣ҲС
ȻƣַҲɴ
նɱľ棬ǴһԪľʮַŭһ׷ɱľ棬ֻϧȴľˡ񣬺նɱľ棬ǼԪڵĻһܸˡ
ǰľ漸˼ԪһĲˣûնɱľ棬Ԫһֱڻ
ҵȻϿɺǺԪϣҶԼԪдͣ
ЩԪȷַնɱľĿҲĺǶǱԪӻƿߣܹһδεļԪ٣ǼԪĶ顣
üԪ𶼸м£ЩԪȻҲܡַնɱľ棬оܺ׵뵽ԪϵС
ڶԪ̬ȵı仯볾ԪҲȴ˵ʵԶԶûôΣӭؼԪҲǲܡ
ţ볾Ԫϣ˵ʲô
ܾȻؼԪ볾Ԫʲô취
ѵ볾ԪҵȼԪİ취ˣ
һܹȻؼԪǣеԪǣ׷׼Ŀۼ볾Ԫϵϡ
ַ忴ЩԪϵı鲻αȷʵҪȻؼԪ𡣿ԪЩԪǵУᣬء
ǼԪ˵ͨԱҲ𾴼Ԫ𡣵֪ԪҲֻǻ̾Ϣһ
ЩԪϣԪֹˡԪ𼸺ÿһλԪϵľˣûмԪԪ٣Ͳܡ
ңӭؼԪǶεռԪ٣Ҳһ˿ȹϣϣãҲһ˿ϣϾԪνǶԼԪ˽ƿˣȹ˵һεڰ˴Σܹ˴μԪ١
볾Ͽڶ༤Ԫϣ漴˵ϷȻа취ңȻؼԪĹؼں𣡡
ৣ
ʮʮĿ⣬ȫ۵ַϡ
Ԫ϶ɻ󡢺棬ǳַԪϣַҲնɱľ棬ΣѵܾȻؼԪ𲻳ɣ
ϾʵҲ޷ȻؼԪ
볾ԪϣҵȶЩ⣬ܾȻؼԪ𣿡
һλԪ̲סʵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪܳΪôһеͶӭжˡ
볾ԪϵĻʱڶԪһƬȻ
𣿡
ûǶʯγΪ𣿡
볾ԪϣǲǺͿˣôףҵȾͲˡ
ѲɺǶʯɣ
ʱȻˡ
ûǶʯȴƿߣţλԭζʲôûֻҪ㹻ԴôҲϣΪġ
䣡
ĻԪԺиޱȵ𺳡
棬ַ壬ȻƿߣУܳΪ
һʱ䣬ԪַĿ⣬𾪡ĽԼһ˿
𣬰Ԫڵƿߣ޲ޱȿ𣬱ǶʯԼţСǧмܹΪ
ڣϣˣͳ˵ǰ


1504 ķ
棬Ȼƿߡ
˼飬ǲ˼顣ԭһЩԣҶ޻̸֮ôԪһλƿߣڣȻĵһλƿߡ
ƿߣͲܵʯơҲ˵Դ£пܳΪûǶʯ
ϣϣԪ¶ϲ˵ϣ
֧֣ȫ֧֣Ҳ˼Ԫڣ᲻֪أƿߣǾΨһϣ¸ٴĴۣϧ
УеԪ϶۷׷ף¶˷֮ɫ
ô˵Ҷͬȫֺ֧У
𻺻˵
֧֣Ȼ֧֣
Ψһϣ᲻֧֣
ǶǼԪȣܵԪӻ֪ܲأֻк𣬳Ϊ𣬲пܾȳԪǵȻҪ֧֡
ַ巴Щˡ
أЩԪϵĻͻȻðһƿߣҪȫ֧֣ø籾ԴҲҪȫ֧֣϶Ը⡣
һַƿߣЩԪȴͷ׷̬ת䣬һĶ֧
ַᵽ桱ķ
˵ǼԪЩԪеķֻҪܹȼԪ½ֻһ˿ϣǸٴĴۣҲԸ⡣
ܺãλԪ϶ͬ⣬οԪԼΪѹħ棬ĻԪ˶ħݻˣСǧ磬뵽ħͳ֮СԪ˴ȴ޷ȳԪǲ֮
ϣˡħħҲֻܶԿҪȳԪֲֻܾȳԪûǶʯڣ˺ҲͲҪǶʯˡҪʯҲлɾ𣡡
ҶҪɾͣöôѡˣ籾ԴǱȫṩ𣬶ңʲôҪǶҪȫ㡣Ԫ֮һ֮úɾ𣡡
ĻնҲ͸¶һ˿
Ԫַ֮һ֮˵⻰볾ԪϣַҲ᲻ÿɷ
˵⻰ǾͲһˣڵ𣬿ǼԪΨһһλʮϵ𣬶ҼǼԪ˵ǿߡ
Ļӹɣ
ַıҲأһа취Ի۴ĶʯԼҲܵõ籾Դ
ûмԪ˵֧֣ȫһ˼Ԫ˵֧֣ЩԪϣܹṩĶʯͿ϶Զַ
Ԫַ֮ռʯ籾ԴӵסƽԪԽԽʱ䣬ҲԽԽ
һԪˣħַҲûаܹԸħ档Ͼַ񶼲֪ǵ𵽵жǿ
ܹɾ𣬾ȳԪȻٺòˡ
ʲôҪ;ᣬǼԪȫԪϣǿĺܣֻһĿ꣬ǾǾɾ𣡶ңҲֻʱ䣬ĻħһǸ޷ֵ
ıҲأĿַ壬˵
ַһ㿪ڵҪʯʯʲôʯԣȻƷԽԽáңҲҪ籾Դ籾ԴֻҪֶ㣬ôţһʱڣɾ𣡡
Ҫ𣿡
ʵ
ַ룬漴˵һЩ伮ΪǾٺòˡ
޷ԸⷽСǧ磬ûе𡣽мμԪǰֵһЩ𣬶Щǧǧ罵ٶ¡ӵ޵еɨһУھǾһ֪ˡ
ַ尵˵ͷҲû̫ʧ
Ͼ鱨ô׵õģ
ַھ̽ţҲзǾһֱͣڽеţһ죬ܹΪ
ֱ򵥵ġҲá
Ψһ鷳ľԴЩ󣬵мԪ˵ȫַ֧֣廹֮ڣһΪ
ˣλԪ϶ˡھͿλԪ֧ˣ
̧ͷĿԪɨ˼Բˡ


1505 Ԫǵȫ֧֣
籾ԴûУԼʹˡʯһЩǶǶʯһŶǶʯǰڼĶǶʯˣֻϧ˶ûܳΪϷҲԼһɡ
ȿڵ볾ԪϡóŶʯͳͳǰڼĶǶʯ
Ǵֱʣַ嶼ֱ۾ʵЩţȻһӾͼŰڼĶǶʯ
⼸ŶǶʯַɣܹս
ַԼѾܸ߿ЩԪϣڣԼǵ͹ЩԪϡܹΪԪ˵ĺԪϣǧһλ˼Ԫ޵ǿߣ֮ԣֱ
ԪҲ϶ܹռһЩö
ǶʯǵղУԶԶŲϺšֻΪַֻҪʯ籾Դǲóַˡ
˵ʯҲһŶǶʯʮһǶʯҲɡ
ңʯûж٣һЩ籾ԴǸǲĵӡںȻҪǾ͸𡣴Ҳʮڷ籾Դɡ
籾ԴͶʯҶС
볾ԪשóŶǶʯ󣬺ԪϣóԼļҵס
ò˵ЩԪϵļҵǷ񵽼㡣ûռʯԪǵǿʵҲ֪˴Ķʯַ嶼ޱȵĶ
ң籾ԴҲֺԪԼʹһЩʣµ籾Դһ֡
գַ˴ĶʯԼ籾Դһǧڷ籾ԴʯǺܶ࣬ƷȴܸߡַԤܹɣȫĻǿ϶ַܹһս
ǺεȵĿֲ
Ҳ˵ַôһСʱ䣬ѾһڸԴֻҪʱ䣬ܹѸٵһս
ɻ⣿
Цʵ
⣬Ȼ⡣
ַȷ⣬ҲܿĳЩԪǣȷûһ㱣жʯ籾Դȫ˳
ҲǶȫַ֧ŵԡ
ͺãЩԴ¾޳кԶһξ롣ǻ÷Ԫ˵Ѱʯǣչ籾ԴߣЩħڶħвǾͽħ綼ͳͳһ򾡣
Ҳһ˿â
ǰ֮ûҪЩħһ򾡣ûгֶԸħ磬ǾûбҪ
Ͼ㽫ħ綼ݻΣħħ統УֻҪħħ£ôħͻһֱڣһܱʵ
ֻҪȵʱ䣬ħôħʱ
һˣַҪԴʵ籾Դ֮أ˭Ҳ籾Դ̫ࡣ
ħתΪ籾ԴԪĿǰҪˣôɨħ磬ڱˡ
һȷؼԪܲɡٳľ£ҲӦԪܲڲʧ
ַ˵
ҲãڼԪ¡ҪռʯÿԪ˵ơң󷽣Ҳġ
˵ͷʵһ㣬û˵Ǿַں󷽲ȫģһЩħƣԪ϶ᱻȥ汳
ַԪˣƿߵϣǧܳµģȥȻٺò
ǣַλԪϸǣת뿪żԪܲء
ְ볾Ԫϣƽʵ볾ԪϣֻȥԺĵΣ᲻ľʽߣ
ҲԪĵ¡ַ˴ôȴԸȼԪǿɾù
볾Ԫĵ˵λԪϷģַľѾ˵һУ壬Ǽ𡣶ħ˿ƿǰмӣ˵˭еƣǾǼԪˣֵΣ
볾Ԫ϶ַôߣڶԪҲͳ׷ˡ
ãȻѾҵΨһϣǾͱȥƴһˣλԪϣڿʼռһжʯɨħ磬תΪ籾Դṩڣܲܳɾ𣬿ɾͿǵˡ
ɫص˵
ģΨһĻᣬƴЩӲд֮˵Ҳһȫһ֮
Ԫ϶սⰺȻĿ˸һ˿˿˷֮ɫǿϣǾͻ᲻һеץסϣѣҲᾡȫ
ϾɾǣȼԪ𣬴ĳ˵Լ


1506 ׷׽٣
ַ尲ȻĻص˼Ԫܲҵһʱչء
ʵϣŸոճزãαչҲǲѶΪ֮ʵΪջ̫ˡܹջһǧڷ籾ԴԼܹһڸĶʯ
ǰַǧڷ籾ԴԲһڷ籾Դǻʣǧİڷ籾Դ
ֶһǧڷ籾Դܹǧİڷ籾Դ
ôӴ籾Դȫ㹻Щʯ
ַҲûκԥʩչ˻֮Щʯڽ򣬱֮ɡ
ˣ
һ磬һĽͿʼ
ȻһεúķѸʱ䣬ʱĻַúķѼʱ䣬Ͼ㹻ĶʯԼ籾ԴҲҪʱ䡣
ڼʱ䣬ַ廹ĵ𣬵ûʲôҪַҲҪʱˣĿǰǧʵԸɵʱ١
ڽͿʱ٣ַȻòʱ򣬼ʱ٣ȡʱ䣬ЩʯͳͳתΪʵ
ֻԼʵǿַġ

ˣ
һƬУ͵һ·һ˺գγһͨԣԲﶼֲܸܵϢ
һЩƿߣǡþƬ򣬶ˡ
⵽ʲô
ѵĳֱҪ
ǱЩǴ˵еĽͨѵǧ翪Ľͨ
Ƭİ򣬳ֽͨѵһµǧҪٵⷽСǧ統У
ǵһᡣһոµһ룬ǿɾԪˣ
һЩƿܿͲµð˾Ųʮˡ
ڼԪ٣ġܡѾˡԪ˶ǡˣˡˮ桱ڶƿϤ
ȻȻԪٵȵһЩܣҲɢ˳ȥͨƿ߶֪ⷽ磬ֻСǧ磬Сǧ֮ϣǧ硣
֪˽֪ǧ֪˽ͨ
ǰЩȻǧƿûôǷǷǣҲп־塣
Ԫ٣ͳͳҪΪҽмԪ˵ǿơѹСǧ磬Ѿ׵Ļ
мԪǿѹСǧɰӿżԪʱ٣ԽԽƿգϧһдֻۣΪȹԪ١
ǧҲһ취Ϊǧ˽񣬻ϣӵǧ統УӶڼԪлΪһҡ
ǰ޴һͨһǧϣ֮·ˣƿ߶۵ܣĬĬĵȴš
䣡
ŽͨţԼһ漴һӰӽͨнٶֳӰ
һλλλ
ЩٶµƿߣȻʮλϵϢޱȵİ磬һ⣬ͳͳǶ
Ϊ׵һλϢԨ纣ƾΧƿٴУ·ҪϢһ㣬˵ǳѡ
ڣʮλƿȫ˽ͨ漴ʮͨ񣬽ͨŽʧ
Ѿ½ˣ¸ǵǾվȽŸСǧײоȡ棡
Ϊ׵ƿߣ˵
ҲõȥѰҵϸ鱨ˣôƿߣ鱨Դ
ʮλȻѾ飬ƿߡǴǧ罵٣ʱ
ǣǿЩ˵У¶һ˿֮ɫᣬ֪Щ˵Ŀġ
Ҫж˸ߵЩˣ©˷ˡ
Ǽ¶һ˿Цݡ
ͬʱһ޴Ʒ·𸲸Χ˲佫Щƿ߶С
ܵһֻ̺Ŀֲһ˿˿ɱ԰ټƵƿߣ̾ͻ
ǰǿɶͶǵƿ֪߰ⷽСǧϢǰ飬ҵȶ
ǰ
Щǧ֮ˣûаǵƿߣϽӰȥ߼ԪˣһҪ𡭡
һֻ޴£Բ԰ټƵƿߣȫΪ˻ҽĳ촷ۣͳͳ䡣
޴
¶һ˿мǼЦЩͶߡСǧöˣֱϣֵһᣬ⣿
߰ɣȥŪⷽСǧʵ
ʮλϢ뿪ˣûзɱ¾Уƽ

һȦȦɢ
һ͵Ľ٣Լĺ
£оŵ۵Ӱ֡
½ˣ簡½ҪռλãСǧײֱñռȻ
Щ𶼷׷׵ͷ

һĽ֮Уһ޴Ĺ˲֡
ǽͨɣ
н֣ͨϽ֪ͨԪˡ
ԣ֪ͨԪˡ
޴Ĺܿʧʮλ١ңЩһΧƿߣĿ¶ɱ
©κϢɱ⣡
䣡
һɱ¾ƿߣ飬ӲĨȥ
Ƶ£ʱУʱзԪеԲȴ޲ߣоЩ±һ˿ͬѰ


1507 ߣɱ
ˣ
ҵУַ͵۾
һΣǺЦ¶һ˿âظ㳤һȻûʲôرĶʵϣַڽУѾ췭ظ
ΪѾеĶʯܹõһһǧڵսټԭǧսַʽԽһڴأﵽһǧս
ںԪУʵҲŽǰʮˡַõϢԪ˼һʮλԪϣͳͳǧϡ
ʵϣֻаˣʮҲֻһ˰ˣܹҲֻоλϵ
Ȼڼַʮλˣ
Ҫ֪ȻԪ˲ܴСǧƿߣܴǧľųǿ
ԳƵϣСǧ磬Ķ֮һˡ
ǰʱ⡭
ַüüͷѾʱ٣ʵ̫࣬ңʱ٣ҲûгɣˣȻһЩ
Ҳܿɹˣϴΰʱ䣬ַҲŽֻǧսˡǰַٶѾ˲ʮˡ
ֻǣԭַϻǧİڷ籾Դڲһǧһڷ籾Դֻʣǧڷ籾Դ
ҲǺӴ󣬵ַָоżԪȫ֧ϵռʯôԺռĶʯҲһԽԽ࣬ĵ籾ԴȻҲܶࡣ
οǽ׶ʯҲҪ籾Դ
óȥˡ
ַҲ֪һζıչأռʯҲãռ籾ԴԪ˻Ű죬ַҲɡ
縺żԪܲİΣڼԪܲĺԪϣ
ֳϣڳˡ
ַأԲһʱҵַ塣
Բ𣬺£Īһڷ籾ԴѾˣ
Բ˵ͷһڷ籾ԴʮǰѾȫˣǽ׻õжʯ
ַǰһԭΪ׵ĶʯƷʣӦòʲô̫ջû뵽ĳϡ
ʮʱ䣬ͽһڷ籾ԴȫϣǺܿٶˡҪ֪Щʯ㹻ַһǧսˡ
һڷ籾ԴǾڷ籾ԴԲ⽻ס
ַ־͸Բڷ籾Դ㹻Բ׺ܳһʱˡҲûпֱӽЩʯͳͳɣֿһǧս
ڵַ壬ÿʱÿ̶ʵ
ٶȣֱľˣǰҪΪ𶼺ķ˺ܳʱ䣬÷ǳѡڣһ˲սַҲἤˣϰΪ
ʵһ̶ȣٶȻԽԽ죬ԽԽףΪǸʱλãݡʵȵȣ԰չεԴٶô
ЩԪϣ֮ʵ޷ûԴ෴ǵԴܶ࣬ڶʯļޣԴҲ޷
ַûֹˣ޾Ǳܣûм޿ԡ
ֳϣʵλһǳҪ£Ҫ㱨
Բص˵ַѾˣ֮ϣǼԪ˵ĺԪϡ
ԲҲ޷ǰһô⡱
ţ£
ַЩ֣Բûô֣¡
ֳϣ֪ʱڣСǧѾ˺ܴı仯һЩǧһЩһЩİǧȻͨͨٵСǧ硣
ֻҲˣ޷ǲּԪ٣ֻҪˣҲʲôŽٵƿԽԽ࣬Ҹǰϣǧڴ˵е𶼴ڡ
һЩٵǧƿߣֱ޼ɵһپĨһǼǽٵˣͳͳĨɱǧĽߣڼҲ֣ƺʲô
Сǧ磬׻ңѾʧȥÿ춼дƿߣټȥᲨǼԪˣֳĶʯףܴܵӰ졣
Բأʱ䣬Сǧ緢ִ£ַ㱨һ顣
ַɫҲ
ԲһʲôľƣһûľơٲҲܱûҪúܶࡣ
ԪˡΪʲôΪȶסСǧ磬ʹ䲻ڻԪħսҲΪ˲ħСǧ
ڣСǧѾЩٵǧƿ߸ˡ
򣬾ǼԪ˵ĵߣҲַĵߣֻάһõСǧ磬ַԴԴϵĻöʯԴ
ڣЩߣַĵߣɱ


1508 ֻ˵һ䣬Ǵͻȥ
ַɱ⣬Բһ
Բ𲢲ַ֪ѾΪַһ˿ɱ⣬ǰ𶼳ܲסοԲ
Ȼַ֪嵽ʲôΣԲǺЩǧĽߣ߶ǰϿǧ
ǵȿֲĴڣַӦģ
ַ˾Ǿ˭޷ġ
ԲɴˣЩǧĽ߷׷׽ٵⷽСǧ磬Ϊʲô
ַ岢ûʧȥǡҪԸЩǧĽߣҲŪǵĿģԱԵĴá
һ㣬ʵܶ˶ɻ󡢺档Щǧ罵ƺһ϶ͳһû˭͸¶ˣΪֹþ˰취޷̽Щǧ罵ߵĿġ
֪
ַЩȣ漴Ҳ¿ʼȤԪٻʮʱ䣬Щ߲ܲ
Ҫ뽵٣͵ǽԿͨ޷ͨҲ˵Щ߶ǵõ˽׿ϣǱɵⷽСǧС
ôڡǧ𣬼ǧУӦǸ߲սˣܹʧ
ֻȲ֣ͲǲЩǿİڡǧ
ңһߣһ٣Գ֮ΪżȻôĽ߽٣ǣ浽ôǧǾͲһˣżȻǱȻ
ַԺͷôཱུ߷׷׽٣һʲôʷˣһСǧйء
ˣʱ䣬˶ûٿͨѵҲΪʣ
ַ뵽ˣλַǣ޶ԣַ尲֮ãһĳЩԭ
²ǲ²ʲôģַҲ˴㡣
ԲңϾҾܷΡԪ˾ΪάСǧħսԪԼѹħ档Ԫ˵ЩŬԲΪЩ߶
ַѾ¶˾ġ
ҲûˣЩǧ罵ߣһ۸ڶСǧƿߣⲻ֪ǲūһӶֻһӶûϣ
ַһâ
Բд󾪣æȰ˵ֳϣϵԪ˵ԪϣмλԪһ֣Щǧ罵Ҳɵ
ˣһӣ
ⲻַд󣬶ǵȷˣѾ޷£Ԫν
Ѳɵþ
ǸͲܣħսħҲʮڴڣû壬ĺԪϲһܶס
ʱӦǼԪ޷еĺ
£ַֻ
Բǵ飬ַƽ˵İɣοɱҵˣУСǧ磡
ַ˵꣬漴Ųһ磬Ѿ˿ռͨʧӰ١

𣡡
һУʮƿڻš
ƿμ֪Ϊʲôԭ˳ͻ𶼴֣һֱĳ֡
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ͼһλ𡣼ǧ磬ҲһĵλˣܹǼס֣ίΡ
ռݣΪͱˣ뿪ĪǾҵˣ
Ŀơ
ѹһ뵽µֲòӲͷƤҲǴǧ罵֮ˣӦҲȻ֪ΰĽµҪһҵ겻Ǻֱ롣ô󣬾ЩˣҲʲôи㣬պ
Ȼ޷ΥˣҲȥһϾʱǾѾˣλöѾռݣҪȵСǧײʱﻹǵĺô
۾΢΢һУЦЦĿŻֱ𶢵Щë
գһЦ𣬼Ҳйһ֮Ե֮ҲͰˣͻȥߣ겻ɽҺθɣ
㡭
ŭͶˡҲֻǰǧԶԶĶ֣һֻ֣ȡ衣
Ǻǣô磬Ҫ򡣻֣ѵκεǣ
Ȼһƿ֣߳ɢӴϢܱҲӦ
ʱɫ΢΢һ䣬˫պܽţƺһ
Щߣһս̼ͻᱻ٣Ǻ˼ǵ
ǧĽߣҵɴƴ˰ɡ
ƴʲôȥƴǿ߲һʲôȥƴ
Ԫܳ־ͺˡ
Уƿ߶¶֮ɫǺôҲƿߣҲ飬ʱЩ߷У
ǵڶԷУͬһ㣬Ͳ⡣һս򶼻ᡣ
ʧصģЩСǧı顣
Сǧ֮أʱЩУ
Ȼһİͻأĳ˽УصڶĶߡ
˭
ڶâһ
ˣ
յУһȦȦĿռ˷ɢͬʱһӰյС
Ŀǳ·ޱȵ䣬ɨһߣ漴һֵֻ˵һ䣬ǴͻȥⷽСǧ磬Ϊ֮أ
ϼᶨþõĻصڽȵ֮С


1509 ǧ
󵨣
ӻ£߶Ȼɫ䡣
Ǹ߸ϵĽʲôʱֺܵǳ⣿
ʱΨ۾΢΢һУƺ뵽ʲôڵԪˣ𣿡
ţ㵹ʶ
ַĿһȻҲܿԷǿǿһλ
𣬻ϲ̫עַ壬û뵽ԷȻʶԼ
ַ壿ǼԪ˵ĺԪ֮һ
ǿһ˾͸
ֱǼԪ˺ԪΣϷɱɱ
ַʵЩҲʲô֪෴Ƕ˵ַ塣Ͼַ꣬ڼԪˣǿ졣
ֻǣû뵽ûȥҼԪ˵鷳мԪ˵ƿǵ鷳ˡ
ҳԻ˲ѷһʱ䣬ཱུ߶ַɱ
ЩĽߣеƿ߿ַһĶϲͳͳ
ǼԪ˵Ԫϣ𣡡
оˣѸ𣬴޵֣˵еľ涼նɱˣЩʲô
ԪڻûǣһΣܽһһҪԪˣ޷ԪˣҲҪȥħǰߣħսԪ˲ƿ
еһЩƿϲ
ǰǶ˽֮⣬֪ħΣҲԸǰǰߡԪˣԪ𣬵ҪԪȥħԿƿ߻ԥ
һε¼ѾΪ֮ǰ뷨βѡڽߵУͬһ㣬ǰǵȴǼԪ˵ĺԪϡ
ⲻò˵ǼΪж
ҲһЩƿַеǣߣһͲôǵġǧ
ַӦ
ϾϣַչֳʵҲֻǧڲΰˡ
ͣ
һλǧ𣬾ȻֱӾͶˣϢַһӱֲ֮ӿȣϯҲǧ磡
һĻҲûѣڣַӦ
Ա֣ﲻ⣬ɱ
ַƺû⣬ûôڵָ֮һ
ˣ
εʱַָ˲䵽ֵĽϣʱǧ𣬾Ȼһ˲Ͷãסˡ
ңֲǽȴַ󵯳һָ
һָƽƽ棬ƮƮһָֻλǧܸܵһָ̺Ŀֲ
һ޷ܣʱֹ˾ǻӣֻӲһ
أ
һƵַһָѾݺݵİλǧĽϣʱǧĽߣػһ㣬ҵĲ
ڽͬ츲һ㣬˿ֲıС
е綼ڱӵһ磬ٵһڸ硢ʮڸ硢ڸ硣
һ翪ʼͷ·Ӧһ翪ʼģı
ãſ

ɱСǧƿߣҲҷ
ʵַ嶯ֵڣҲֻһʱ䣬һν˲Ϣ䡣һ˲䣬ֻһָһλǧ뵽ΣС
ཱུ߶ûлع˿̣ȴòˡ
ֵֻһҲǻһ־ŭû뵽ַתۼסǧĽߡ
λǧѾ뵽ΣУȴòȡ
һʱ䣬λӽǿƿߣҲַ嶯ˣһ֣Ǿɽѣ춯ء
ֲ֮ͬɽһ˲ϯƺƵҪַ촷ۡ
κһλǧһ𣬿ܶ˱ᣬ߱áϾʮ֣ǧ֮ǿֱ˼
ַȴֻһֻ֣ӭȥ
䣡
ַͷһĹâ֣漴һ磬һĽ˲䱬ͬһ㡣

ַһͬ𵴣ٰһǧսͬһֻһ㣬ݺݵȥ
ʮߣʱػһ𣬾ȻַһƻˡͬʱַһֻƣָһţѾһϢǧ𣬺ݺݵץС

ɱ
ǷΰĽ½罵٣ɱΰĽԡ
˶ŭӣ˭E뵽̶һ˲䣬ν֣Ǿ˾Ե·硣
ô̤Ҳһˡ˵ˣǴ͹ȥɱ⣡
ַ廰£ץסλǧƣҲݺա
أ
ǧǧ罵ߣôޱȱıַһҽжûзһͻΪ촷ۣ䡣


1510 
ޱȵƽַһָһƣͬһֻһ׾ٵġһǧĽߡ
ǺεȵĿֲ
ЩǧĽߣ˿ַӰҲ̲סðޱȵļ£·𿴵ʲôֲһ
˭뵽Ľ
ɫ࣬һǧˣصǧҲ䲻˺áΪǧѾ֮ˡ
겻ɽµǧĻᶼûС
ǰĺַ壬ȴֵ˵׺ղţһ֮ʮǧ𣬾Ȼ˿͸ɵˡ
𣡡
һһ˵ĿĶַ塣֪ˣҲ֪ղַչֳʵǧڲΣӦڲΡ
ǰʱ䣬ַ岻ǧôһתۣھͱ
˵ɵǲܵġ٣ַһֻ˻ʮλǧһ֡һǧ
ֱ֣ЩһĿ˵Ľ߶еɵ
Ŀڶཱུһɨ漴˵Ҫǧ罵߿ս𣿡
ǻˮҪڶǧ罵ֶԸַ塣
£ַ϶ϵϾĽҲкܶ࣬һͿ⵽Χ
ַһǰҪɨΪĽߣҲЩίߣʱ򣬱ñֵĺǿơ
οڿЩ˿Ще飬ַѾ˾
ַĿһۻˣ漴˫֣˵˵Щߣ˫մѪǾʹȥ
䣡
ַĻ£ʱȻ󲨡
ԸǿϲЦ˵ǶˣԪǺô磬ðԵҪǣƺСôཱུߣѵҪͨͨߣ
һЦҪַҪλش
ַĿ⿴һۻ𣬾һۣȴûеޱȵı䣬ͷ·һɾ޴ΣƵġ
룡ǲ뿪ˣͲûȥˣԶɣ
ַﲻ֪ĻаػġҲٻشˣֱӶ֡
䣡
ַڵ֮˲䱬֮֮ϣֱӳŻһץ
ҽһô뵽ַô󵨣ôͲش𣬶ֱӾͶ֡
ַǾ޴ǵصĳ£Ŀ־ˡһʮǧҲһ֡
ȻҲܽӽڣϾַλ𿹺⣬ֵܵңַһԲϣ̶ֵķҲûܳԾ
ʲôʱСǧƿ߶ôˣȻǧ罵߶֣Ѳɾ治½
ҲǻСǧʱַ̣֪ܶġ¼ַһ·̤ǧѾһˣﻹ
ܵСǧ磬ҲЩǰˡ
ַȫ޼ɵȫη壬ˣûԸ
һַȫû֣ȫԸҪնɱ
أ
ַľ޴£ȴû˵˳ˣҳߣ˵ϣȻ
ţҲҪ豾
ַ嵭˵
΢΢һЦĿһۻ𡣾֮ǰͻ𽣰ţڣȴ־˻
Ϊһ۾ͿַʵĿģҪн߶Ͼɱ
ַǡҶģʹͻìܣɲɱ֡
ĳ̶ֳϣַġѾŭ𣬼ŭڶĽߡ
Ҫֹ𣬶ǣԣҪнߣԴУ
Ļ£һеλҲɫվ˳ַĿ⻢ɱ¶
ʱҲعˣλվ˳Ҳ˿ҲͬվסλãַΧм䡣
޴ҵǧìܣҲܻ⡣ôȻͼеĽߣκˣԪˣ᳹׸𣡡
ޱȵŤһ񶾵ͷ
Ѿַǣôཱུǰַܣˡֱ档
ܵ裿Ȼַ֮ǡ
˽ַΧм䣬Ȼǲ׼ַ뿪ˣ˫ءսһ


1511 ɽ֮磡
ս
ַɫ۷·ĵһ˲䣬ϵȫ汬
ɱ
ûκԥҲˣ׷ױԼȫơǿһǧ硣
λ𣬴Ҳһ硣
΢һ㣬Ҳӽ硣
ߣһǺֲ
ַȴӿֲϵϢıһڡһǧڡһǧڣ
һǧ֮ⲢַļޣѸٵšΪ֮ǰַԲṩĴʯ
ЩʯֻһЩһµĶʯַ̽ڽÿʱÿ̶ڷġ硣
ˣʱƣַڽʱ٣ʵÿʱÿ̶š
ڣַϢٶȱǣ˲һ۷塣
һǧս
ʱ˿̵ַ壬ʵҲ۷״̬ƺƵ֮ͬµĳˮһ㣬˲䳯ѹȥ
䣡
ֲ𶯣𶼸оһ𣬷·ڽܵһ֣ȻַĶ֣ռ·硣
ôܣ
˼飬ǲ˼顣
λˣóˣ򣬽ǾͲܲʤˣܱܲ⡣
н߶һ֣ҵ֣κβһСǧƿߣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʵȴΪɵֶַĶ֣ǣµ𣬼ʮĶǰ𣬶Ҵ󲿷ǧ
ʮǧټǿ
ݣֱ춯أûκֵܹסǲΪֵַܵס

һȣʮǧһ֡ƺƵ֮ͬһһ㣬Хַϯȥ
ֲѹַҲɫ΢䣬ȴ쳤Хһúã֮ѹ
ַȷоѹһǺܴѹΪ֮󣬼ֱѵóһս
ַͬҲû֡
ڣʮǧһֲַ֣壬ûоԵİյס
ˣʱַҲȫԸٲһ˿һı
¡
ֲ֮ͬһ㣬˳ӿݺݵĴַϣನ˷ɢȥ
ַŽ෴ķˣҲԽɻԵĴ
ˣ
ôǿ֣Ҳһܵס϶ˡ
û뵽½磬Ҳǿ𡣡
пֲеκһ˿¶ᱻ򱬣ַǿҲŽַ򱬡
Ծû
Ȼɫ䣬
ͬʱ̳ɢſ˱ըĵַվյУ˿ͷһĽһ磬һبյУ޴
޴ȻֻӰȴн֮ϣεЩ֮УգַС
֮ǰʮǧһҲֻܡ𵴡һַڽˡ
ַǰʮߣв
ʮһȷǺֲַܿ嶼㵲סַʩչ֮һоͶˡ
֮һ֣ƺڽе硢򣬶ͳͳһ塣ȫһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
ᣬˣʮǧǿһҲκβַڽ
𵴣ҲֻһЩС𵴣һ綼û˵
֮򵥰
ַԺôһͷ
ǰֻǽ֮ɸ籾ԴɶʯӶ磬ʵ
ڣַ巢ֻ֮ѾԽԽڽγһˣΪַڽĺġ
л֮ڣַܳϵĹܰȻ
ȻֻǷڹ֮ҲһЩֶΡ
ñˣ
ַĿ䣬һ̣ˡ֮·͵һ漴ַ͸ܵһǧڵһ˲Ѿб˳ȥ
ֻл֮˲Ϣ۳˿ֲ˿ֲһ
¡
ֲַһʮǧһػһ㡣
Щʵϲֻа𣬼̼ͱڽ˲䡣
ǧҲЩˡ
ɫ࣬뵽ʮǧ֣Ȼ޷ѹַ壬ʧء
ҵ䣬ˡضؼԪ˵Ĺء
𡢻𣬶æ˵֪ôȥǵʧ»أΣա
ʱ䣬ǶѾ¶˾ģιϵǧĽ¸ǿ
ߣȵСǧײǧȻ١
ʱַʲôǰҲǿϰˡ


1512 ǿƴ򱬣
䣿
ַЦһЩǧ罵ʲôԣ᲻Ǳһȵǧ罵ͨѩޡ
ַ岻ˣΪַѾ׼ʮǧɱӺнߡ
ʮߣԪ˵Ĺأ
ˣʮߣ
𣡡
ַûκԥ޴ٴһһǧ֮ӿȣٴγʮߺݺݵ
õ
ȻҪϾɱҲ±
ɱʩչƣҲҪ췭ظ
ʮǧ𣬸Եޱȵķŭǧ罵ߣܽٵĸСǧȥǶǸ߸ϣ
ЩСǧ統е޵ǿߣǣҲƣǽһ򾡡
Ϊֱսϣ
飡
ʱóһӡӣɢĵĹâѸͣɢһĹâ˲ַľ޴ơ
ˣ
ʱַڽ΢΢һȻ֮Ϊ̣·޷֧ı
оâһȵ֣
ҲӦ˹׷ʩչǿֶΣӿȵ֮ȫַӵȥ
ַȴûоʧ룬ĿⶢϵһâǿŽıɢĹâ
飬ɲǶס磬Ƕס֮
κƿߣǱ鶨ס֮ҲתȻҲս˼Сǧ󣬻ýʹ͡
Ŷ飬Ѿǧһ֮ʳ׷̣նɱ˶ˡΨһıȽ鷳ǣڶʱڣֻʩչһΣʵ̫ˡ
ƺֻ𣬲ܴ߶
ԭ׼һЩǿŵģû뵽ȴַȵ̶ֳȣ󲻵òʩչ顣
һ飡һ챦ѣ뿿챦̣ܣ
ַоâһ˲Ϣô¡
ˣ
ʱַҲԥӰεʱѸɢȥʮ߶С
ʱ侲ֹ
ַָһ㣬ʱռ䣬ȣһ˲䶼ֹһʮǧÿ˶Ź̶ơ
Ҳˣһ˲治ڣַָֻ֮ת
ţܸʱ䣡
ַ¶һ˿Цݣʩչʱֹסôˣû뵽û̫ĸɡ
Ȼֹܹסʱ䡣
Щֹ̫סôˣл𣬶һ𡣾ӵһǧ磬Ҳɻܴܺĸɡ
ǡ֮ȹסַڽ
ֻһˣַãڽ򲻶ϵǿ֮ԽԽĶʯԼԽԽ籾ԴѾһЩ仯
ֱ仯ַҲ޷Ԥϡǽ¶ϾǽҲ棬ַҲкܴͬ
Ĳַͬл֮
֮ãַã²ڻеõһͨô򵥣˵籾ԴʯӰ죬֮Ѿ˱仯ֱ仯ַҲ޷ƿء
ڿֱ仯Ӧǳźõķ򣬵ǿ΢ġ
Ȼʱ䣬ַҲٿ
ৣ
ַһץֱӱ㽫ץУֱӽڽѹͬʱ˫һץס漴ݺһϡ
أ
ڽ򣬲ϵıţת˲ͱǧ磬һڱ

һʱˣַ岢ûн˫ƻΪȭͷݺݺ
䣡
һҵ𶯣ɴʱ侲ֹУڽɺǿַȫһȻûн
ܵסһȴסڶ
ַһιȫΪӵʧأڽеܵӦ˲ǧ硣
ιʧǧ硣
Ⲣûнַ廹е
¡
ַסнߣȫǻӡ
һȥЩǧֱӱ򱬣ûб򱬵ҲʧأңܵǰιӦһαǧ硣
̶ιͳױʧ˾ǧ磬Ŀǰֻʣǧڵ硣
ৣ
ʱʧʱΧһָֻԭཱུߣһ㾪ֵĲҽ
𣬸˲ɫ԰ףڱٱԵ
ǡ㣿ʱ䣬ʱ򰡣
·뵽ʲôһľ֮ɫ


1513 ʣ
Ŷ㵹Ǽʶǳ
ַ忴Ѿٱ𣬶ԷȻҲ֪ʱǾ͸ˡʮǧַһ

ַٴζ֣񱩵֮סʮǧԼû˶飬ղֳΪӣ󲿷ֶʧأֵܵסַȫһ
Ҫɱң֪֪ǽΪʲôɱңҶԸ㡣
˭뵽³ôңѾٱˣǾǳ䡣
֮Σʲôǣͳͳһˡ
ţ
ַһǺʶ࣬ǣ֮һסߣַȴûп
һһ£ι󣬰ڽͳͳ򱬣ȫ䣡
ʮǧȴֻʣ˹Ӳдߣȫ䣡׺һĻһЩӡĽߣ̲סһ
˵ɣ˵˵ȤĶ֪
ַҲû뿪ֶĿ
ǣǣһ֪޲ԡʵЩߣô̵ʱڷ׷׽٣ĿĶֻһǾⷽСǧ缴ıУռȻ
ʣʲôʣ
ַһݣֲԤС
Ŀַһۣ漴һҧΰĽģôཱུߣô֣Ǿ˵ֹһλ㡣սµ㣬ⷽСǧ磬ڽںСǧײʱ򣬼Ԫپͻǰ٣Сǧ磬˼μԪ٣մ٣Ϊн١µǿռȻȲ֣ȴСǧײ٣ʱͿһԻСǧ籾Դ
ַ˾أԭôཱུߣΪⷽСǧбʡ
Сǧײ
ַôãʵЩ˼顣
Сǧײ
ַüͷʵ
ҲòӲͷƤ͵ʵСǧһֱ˶λڲϵı仯šֻǧ㶨һҲΪΰĽҲҪķʱѰСǧλõԭˡСǧλڲϵı仯Ѱҡ
ͨ£СǧǲײģϾСǧ໥֮ľ붼Զᷢų⣬ѻụײվ£żͻᷢСǧײһ㶼Сǧײ
ȴǷǳСǧײĿ⡣ЩߣԭûдⷽСǧ磬Сǧ缴ײˣʱ͵ⷽСǧ
ĽַͣлȻ֪ΪλôİĽˣСǧжûǰ֣ûôֱӽ١
ԭСǧ缴ײЩǶĶˣһӿԵõСǧıԴֶΪȻ֮ͣ׷ǲٵСǧ統ǰ֣ռȻ
֮ǰΪռȻ⣬Ӷìܡ
ַȴһСǧ緢ֱʣƸӵĸӡһʱԺ߳ʮڵĴأ
ַ壿
ң࣬߷׷׽٣СǧɻһıҪػǰǸͲܡ
ǣһλɨһУܺɨΰڣǿ
Ԫǰǰã
ַʵ
ҡҡͷͲˣΰĽҲ޷ʱ䡣Ǽ꣬Ǽǧ꣬Ԫپǰ٣Ҳһ˭Ҳ˵
ַһĵ»Ƿˡ
Ԫʱܻǰһǰܶࡣǰʮʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ˡأ
ֻܿмʱ䣬߼ǧʱ䣬̡
ַ壬Сǧƿߣʱ䣬Ȼˡ
Сǧײʱ䣬ܸ֪ɣ
ַ֪Сǧײһ̣Ǵٵʱ̡ʱǧСǧСǧеĽߡ۸ӣȺħ裬֪ôĻҡ
Сǧ꼰ĻЩͨԼΪµƿߡ
Сǧײʱ䣬ݽµ㣬žʱڡ
С˵
ʱڣ
ַһƺоεѹ
һСǧײʱٵĿɾͲֹЩǧڡˣпҲή١
ʱ򣬱˵ȶСǧˣԱ


1514 Ĺأ
֪ĶѾˣܷҰɣ
ѾٹСǧ磬ò׳ɾԺ󣬳ΪҲǲܣⷽСǧװȥ
ַĿ䣬Ȼʵ㽵ٵСǧǷɱˣ
ţҡ
һţɱˣǲҪ̫࣬ϾȽʱҲΪ˲©˵ˣǽ򶼻˲ֹһ
鶼Ϊ˻ҽַ⣬Ǻ⣿
΢΢һ㶣ַѾˡ
Ǿˣ
ַʱ֣޴գݺһա
㲻ãú
أ
εܵش𣬸޷ֵַһǧ֮ݺһ󱬣Ϊ촷ۡ
һսʮλǧȫ䣡
ַܸܻܵкܶవС̽Ŀ⣬ͨƿߣҲЩߡЩߣһ飬ʩѹַ塣
ڣַͨһսҲȷĵλȷ˼Ԫ˵ĵλ
ңַ廹Ҫ¹ء
ӽнߣǧ𣬲òкСǧ飬޹ɱ¾򣬱뱾ΪУԪΪУ
ַƺƵ˷ַཱུɫ䡣ɲǼһ仰أ
Ԫ˴˾٣άСǧ򡣽ҲãǧҲգƻԪµĹأ
ʮλǧѪܵ³ַһȫնɱ
ɲ˵˵ˣʮǧԷǵ䣬ַĺպ
ǿһ֮ͼôĽ¹أǽôСǧ磬ֱδš
ٺ٣ΣѵȥһԺķâ
ⷽСǧ磬վԼԪΪװˣȵͨ½Сǧײߣʱʮ٣ҲǲܡԪˣ˷
ԣ߱ưոݣ
ཱུ߶΢ʣϾǴǧ罵٣;Լ߸ϣԸСǧе
˭뵽ַȴʩ֣һնɱʮλǧλѪܵս
ңЧܺá٣ûоԵİǰӦö࣬Сǧ統Ϊ
ಣ
ʱ򣬴ӽзɳ仹мλһַǰ̾ľϹһݡ
лȣҵЩߵĴսУ綼ᱻɱ
ԣл𣬸лԪˡ
ЩʯҵռģƿߣмԮ֣ҪҵȽ߾ȫһ㡣
ַ忴һЩһǶʵ⡣ֻɼĸоŻϧǰһС
ɣô׾ܵõġ
Щʯ٣ҲʤޣοЩ˵⡣ַҲûоֱܾӽʯ
ңƽ˵ɲûдۣƽ֮סģȥԪ˵ǰսɣȥԿħǵս
ַĻ£漴һյУʧӰ
ʣµЩƿ߶һҧ૵ԣӦȥԪǰߣħսǲ£
һ٣ڵƿߣǳϧǰƽʱ⡣

ˣ
ַ崩գֱӷ˼Ԫܲ
Բ̾ӭĿ֮ɫæѯʵֳϣնɱߣ
ַ岻ÿɷĵ˵ͷԣնɱǣЧȣʱסЩߣΪˡ
ַ׿ڳϣԲľѾ֪ôˡ
ԲѾȣַ壬ٶҲܿ죬ѾһǧˣĽٶѾ൱ˡ
ַ˵ٶ̫ˡ˲ַʵԲ𻹲ǰַֻǧˡ
һԾΪնɱʮǧԼ
ַ˵һս󣬿൱ʱЩ߻ʵֻ࣬һЩΣա
磬߱᲻ŭȻٴοͨ¸ǿߣ
ܣַͲ⡣ծ಻ѹѾȫηˡοʱӡǣɱⷽСǧ磬𶼲ɱ
˱ˣοҵⷽСǧ磬ҲҪһʱ䡣ַڿԪΪܣռԴꡢʮϰ󣬻ʲô̶ȣַԼ޷Ԥϡ
Ҫȥһħ磬ҵԪϻᣬ֪СǧһЩԪܲʱƹܣʲô£֪ͨҡ
˵ֱַ̤꣬ͨӳħ紩ȥ
ַõϢǳҪԪ˵ĺԪǣӦ֪ħĴսҪıˡ


1515 ٻԪ
ˣ
УһȦȦĿռ˷ɢȥַһӿռͨ˳Ŀܡ
ţһЩԪϣħ磬ƺҲΧĲôˡ
ַ忴ħУȻɱԪΧƺΧĲҡ٣ĺԪжʮһλַӦԪϣֻʮλ
ʮһλԪϣƺѾʧˣ֪ȥ
ЩԪУַӦַ˵ҪѯֻҪڣǾû̫⡣
ǣַӰһֱӷɽ˺Ԫϻڵʱܲ
𣿡
˴ַ忴Լȼˣڴ֮УλԪϣΧħ硣
˵Χʵȴû̫ңƺֻǡסЩħˡ
𣬼λԪϡ
ַҲλԪϴ˸к˶ܾ棬ʱַʲôѵΪ籾Դ
һ룬ƺҲаʱˣַȡ籾ԴҲʡǵ˵Ҫַ֧壬ǿɲ˵˵ѡ
áʱ䣬ǿǷѾѪռ˺Ӵ籾ԴԼһֵĶʯֱӶȥ
˵ֱ꣬һ֣籾ԴԼʯַǰַ嶨һ漴ɫһ䣬۾·𲻸Ƶġ
ǧڷ籾ԴܳһĶʯ
ַ嵹һмΪ𺳡֪ЩԪǣҪռ籾Դ붨ʯһ١
û뵽ȻһӾռôࡣ
ǧڷ籾ԴȻСַ嵹⣬̫⡣ϾħΧ֮ڣԪֻҪһħ粻ϵȥɨռ籾Դ
ôඨʯɾȫַԤϡҪ֪вٶǶǶʯ൱ѵá
֮ǰַԪջô࣬ΪЩԪǼԪĻۣôඨʯڣʱ䣬ôඨʯ
أҲԪʹ˻Щħ統ѹγġϾħҲռһЩʯһЩƿߵİཻסһЩУҲᵮʯԪһһչΡ
ǾͶлԼλԪˡ
ַҲûпЩ籾ԴͶʯܹʵģȻǧڷ籾ԴԲϵڷ籾Դַֻڵǧڷ磬ַڽоѾǧڷ籾Դ
ʵַЩ籾Դֱ磬ַʵҲкܴǾ̫˷ˣʯ㹻ַ忿ǧڷ籾Դܹڸ硣
ǰҪ㹻Ķʯ
˵ʯĻȡȷҪ籾ԴҪ࣬λԪϰʱ䣬չΣչεַһĶʯ
ħΧӴ󣬾չθǧ꣬ʲôվмޡַָоСǧĶʯչһ飬ҲԳΪ
Ƕʯʱ̫ˡʯÿʱÿ̶ڲռһԪǶʯ϶Լ
ھСǧײֻк̵ܶʱˣռٶʯ
ַЩأҲԪ˵ıʡ
𣬿ɻ⣿ֻҪмǧ꣬ռ籾ԴԼʯҲһܶϼʮٱ֮ڣҲûһϣɾ𡣡
Ц˵ǿһ˿ϣϣãҲϣ
ַ忴һ¶Цݵֹʱ˵ʣ᲻λԪϵĻԣ
Ԫ϶ַҲĲ̡Ĵ£ַȴò˵ϾϵСǧ
⣬ĳǳ⡣ǰһõϢҪλԪϡ
ַޱȵأ˵
õϢ
ֲõԤУǱȽ򶨣Цݣ˵޷
ַҲԥֱ˵˵λԪϣ֪СǧЩһЩİĽߣ׷׽ٵⷽСǧ磬֣ƻСǧ밲
Ҳò֣ɱһͨõһأԪ٣ܿҪǰˣ
ַ֪Ϣͳͳ˵˳
ʱԪϵɫ͵Ĵ䡣
𣬴˻棿Щߣô˵ģԪٻǰ٣
ǧȷ
ַһһ˵Ҳնǳļᶨ
ʱҲһӳĬնӸղŵĻ졢ɣޱȵء


1516 ѻǻ
Ԫ϶֮ǰˣҲ磬ء
ԭΪǻϣû뵽ϣԽԽãˡֱʣ赲̽ʮһλԪ϶ٻأͬ顣
գ˾׼ٻʮһλԪϣĴ£Ԫϲһ
ǣ˱ڴоĵȴţһĶûпڣ൱ء
ַ彫ЩʯͳͳڽУڵÿʱÿ̶ڲϵġ˵ġǵ硣
ֻҪ㹻Ķʯ㹻籾ԴַԴԴϵʵһ
ңʱٵ£ַٶǷǳģʵԽǿַʱپԽ졣
ǰҪʱ䣬ܳһ磬ôڣַֻҪʮ꣬ʱ䡣
ʱһĹȥʮ󣬻еԪ϶Ѿˡ
ЩԪǽܲ졣ѯһһĶĿɿڴأҲĽ
գַڣһʮλԪϣ϶Ѿˡڴ׵𻺻ڵλԪϣνλٻأΪԪϣһϢڵⷽСǧ磬пڻǧڣھСǧײʱСǧײһӦķӦʵǼԪ٣пܻǰ١Ҳ˵ǿѾûʮ׼ʱˣʱ䶼ûУǧ߼꣬˭˵
Ļ£ڶԪ϶Ĭ
Ϣ̫ˣҲʵ̫˴ֲˣλԪ϶Ļϣȥѹ籾Դ붨ʯðַΪ
һΪǾȥȼԪˣôһлͶܸıˡ
ڣǳܵѹȴޱȵľ޴ֱʷʱҲĽǵʱѾˡ
СǧײŻʲôʱ򣿡
Ԫַʵ
ַһ£ڻش֮ڣû׼пǼǧ꣬ҲпǼ꣬ײҲϡ档
λԪ϶Ѿˡ
λǱȡˡСǧײӦǼԪҲɱܵصĳʵҲȫѣпҲҵȵĻϣ
Ȼ𻺻Ŀ˵
ţ⣿
ѣϯСǧѣʲô᣿
ѵа취ˣ
ַ嶼Ŀ𣬼ַ壬ҲоѣǷǳصѣ״ļƻ
ʲô᣿
ȴûֱӻش𣬶ַʵԪϣһð⣬Ҫѯʡ
ʲô⵫˵޷
漴˵ͷԪϣÿռٶȣռЩ籾Դ붨ʯûаڣΪ𣿡
ÿ궼ջ񣿡
ַ˼ԺתͷʵҲ֪籾ԴԽԽ٣ʯҲһչεһ̶ȣﻹÿ궼ջ
ջ㣬ʱ䣬Ԫ˵ĺԪǣṩַһĶʯַԼռһ硣
ÿ궼սǺεȿֲٶȣЩ߸ϵڵʱôٶȡ
ʱ䣬Ǿ硣
磬ܳΪַޱȵĿɬˣȻ֪ľʵҲ֪ǧаǧ
Щǧ𣬶ԶԶ𣬺οַ壿
ֲַ²⣬ҪΪ𣬿Ҳǧϣøࡣ
磬ַ磬ǾǧҲкܳľ룬˵Ϊˡ
ǣַϵҡҡͷ̶ջʱ䣬϶޷Ϊ𡣳һ˿ϣɾ𡣡
ʱ˻Ȼ
ǰԪʵһ˿ϣ֪ܶϣãڿϣֹãֱ͵ôչԴַдһ˿Ϊϣ
ƺϵַ˵ɫƽԵʮ򶨡
ԣ˵αʷпǧѷĻᡣֻһСǧԴԪҪΪϼѡСǧԴأ
ţСǧԴ
ַ壬ԪҲǰһԼ˼


1517 ǧ磬
˼СǧײһЩǣȴǻǺɾĻ
볾Ԫ۾
ԣǻȻô̵ʱڣһСǧԴΪôСǧأѵ𣿡
⡭ǻ
Ԫ϶Ӧˣν󣬿ƺѣʵϣȴǻһСǧԴַͻƳΪĿҲӡ
ڼԪǰûбԪϿǡϾֻϣܹȳԪ𣬿Ԫı߱ûа취ȹԪ١
ǼԪûа취ǼԪʮ껹һ꣬߼ǧ٣ʵûʲô̫𣬶ǻΪһҰˡ
ҪıȡСǧԴǿɾͲֹħˣЩǧ罵ٶĽᡣ
úСǧƿᣬ˵СǧƿߣҲһᡣ
ʱ򣬾һǳӡ
λԪϣǶ˱˼СǧײѣͬʱҲǻԵҪݻԵɲôףЩߣСǧƿߣǳѡˣھ͵׼ˣһսԡ
ƺѾ˼˺ܾãѾǵĺȫ档
սԣѵͲչ籾Դ붨ʯˣ
籾Դ붨ʯһҪչΣȴһټӴһɣɱһħ磬סħеħʮλԪϣͳͳȥħ磬ѹζʯһֱȵСǧײ֮Ӧԡ
⵹ȷһ취ֻһѹǳ󡣶ңħУҲʮħǿħ
²𣬵գħһΧôɻΣա
У̫Σˡ
ԣ̫Σˣʲôʧǽļƻɶȫˡ
ԸЩߣÿ𣬲һԪǰЩħ
Ԫ϶ҡҡͷʾܾȻһֱûж֣Ϊûж֣ȴħкܴ塣
ЩħеĶ֮ûг֣ΪɵֻʣһˣԷգ鷳ˣ
ʱַȴһֱӿڵڼԪܲʱƽȣĳǿһħ磡ʵһᣬЩħӦò֪ҵʵǸգһ£Ҳܳûһ򾡡
ַİ취
ҲһʾĶܽħһ򾡣Ǿ㳹׽ħвˡ
ʱ򣬿ոЩħռ籾ԴԪ˵ҲԲ÷ħϡ
٣Сǧûײ֮ǰԪҲƿסСǧ磬ΪСǧİ
ǵԪû£һʱ䣬Ԫ϶ȻĶ
ֻһˣܽЩħѹðһ䣬ڵʵﵽʲôز
صʵ
ַҲûֱ˵ĳĿǰһǧڸ磬ܴܿﵽǧսϣ
ϡǶ٣ַûо˵ڶԪжѾһЩۡ
ǧڣҲǳֲˡ
ȻԪжʮλ֮ǰǰλַһоλ𣬲ЩУ˶һ磬ûκһϡ
ַܹﵽǧսǼԪ˵УǿԪˡ
üüͷǧսȻҪ뽫ħеħһ򾡣ǸͲܡʵħ磬вľЩǧħϵħ𡣡
ǵǶ࣬ʮǧħϵħʮħֻǣձʵûǿǶսһ˿ǣħ𡣡
ǺĿǰʵҲֻǣƣҪһ򾡣ܡԪЩħҲϵһͲ
ĻڶԪ϶׷׵ͷ
ʵϵֲΣһЩıƣѾûκεôʤģʵ
ðģʵǿ߲ʤٶıƶûκá
ǧսڡأսӦ㹻˰ɡ
ַ𣬺Ȼ˵


1518 ħƻ
ţڡ磿
ԼԪϣĿַ壬ַ֪γԣ
ѵа취Ϊ𣿡
ַҡҡͷֻѯһ
һ漴شսǾͻˡЩħ뿪ħ磬ǰϮǱа˳ɰգȫ£
ʮ𣬶ħ֮սѾܳʱˣħϤַ˼漴˵ͷʱ޷ӵ磬ֻҪٸЩʯ㹻Ҿܹӽߴﵽսĳ̶ȡ
˻棿
ǰһ
ģʯԽԽãң㹻Ķʯڣܹﵽս
ַ֡ˡϡڻ᲻֣ᷢöʯʵַȫˡ˭֪öʯʵ
С桱ơһоͶƵ桱ȥ˭һԣǾȥ˵
ˣҲǳλԪ϶ˣԪҪǴʯãԪ֮ǰ籾ԴһʯͲСǧ磬ռʯֻԪһˣӰϾ̫󣬶Ҳȫ档
ãλԪ϶Ӧ߾ȫӰ籾Դһʯ㶨ʯӶִмƻһƻɹǾܳ׽ЩħӪȼԪҲ͸һ
ĿڶԪɨ
ģֻҪܹٴﵽսҵȻᾡ
˵սˣʮսǶϣԪܹﵽ
ھԽԽӣԽԽϾֻԪϵʵǿˣǼԪ˲ܸǿ󡣡
ͷеӰ죬һһ㹻Ķʯ
Ԫ϶׷ױʾһ߾ȫ
ллԼλԪϣĳչأλԪϵļȡմﵽս
ַҲûпֶʱ򣬲˷һʱ䡣ܹǿʵαڣ
Ԫ˵ӰȻǲһˡ
ַʱܲչأʮϵĶػȫǲõĵġңֻʮһλԪϣȥѰħ磬һһɣöʯԼ籾Դ
Ȼ籾Դһʯ
λԪϷӰʱƺСǧ綼ˡ籾ԴһʯѾΪƿߵġʶ
ֶʯԴԴϵĴӼԪ˸طʱܲšͨʯٵһǶʯżһŶǶʯջ
̶ʮ䣬ʯʹﵽһֲĵز
ַҲڽʵǿʱٵҲǿˣȫʱ£ֻʮʱ䣬߹ʱ߹·ɹԪǸĶʯתΪ硣
ַѾﵽǧս
ַﵽǧսӼᶨԼԪǵռʯӵ
ַûгأȴյǧ籾ԴԼһڵĶʯֻڶ̶ʮ䣬ռôԴ
Ȼкܴһ֣籾Դһģˣ籾ԴռٶһЩַȴ൱⡣
ڲľǶʯ籾Դ
ֵַõǧڷ籾Դԭǧڷ籾Դʯķһǧڷ籾Դˣ籾ԴҲڳ࣬ﵽǧڷݡ
ַǱһΣʱֻֿ࣬˶ʮʱ䣬һһǧ硣
ٶ֮죬ֱ˼
ַѾﵽǧ磡
ַ٣⡣
ʯչٶ΢һ㣬ʮ䣬һĶʯֻаǧڣַҲ̶֪̼ʮϵչŶʯһԽԽ١
СǧܳĶʯҲҪʱ䰡ʱ䣬ִֻĶʯôչΣʯȻԽԽ١
ʱ佥ţַʵҲԽԽǿ籾ԴûӶ٣ǿάڰǧڷ¡
ڽеȴڳϵš
ǧڡڡǧڡڡ
ৣ
ڣ½½һٶʮַʵڴﵽս
ǣַ̳ء
Ԫϣˣ
Ҳ޷ˣæʵ
ĳ㲻񿰿ﵽսֻǣԭƻʱ䣬û뵽Ѿһٶʮˡ
ַҲЩ̾
ã̫ˣԪϲԷƱ˵ռʯٶ̫ӶӰ쵽нȡ㻹̫٣ԪڴﵽսţȻһѾˣǵħƻҲÿˣ
һ˿â


1519 Ļᣡ
ǰħƻӦÿˣô꣬Ϊ˽죿
ַǼҲ¶һ˿ζЦݡ׼ôʱ䣬ԪܲûлȥһΣΪ˾ͻսܹħƻ
һٶʮڼ䣬ħƻ˲ϵƣѾ涼ǵˣ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ַλ硱Ҳڳأħƻʱܿ
֪ͨԪϣЩԪϰԭƻ¡
ַ˵ͷЩѾƻ˵ġ
ǣ̿ʼԪǶ֪ͨЩԪȻҲ֪ħƻ
յ֪ͨ󣬱Ϣ뿪ħ磬ûֳһĶģһ㶯òʧпܱЩħɡ
Ϣ뿪ħãԪĲ뾪ǣӶٻɡ
ڣǾ;ĵȥɣϣЩħҪʧ
ַ廥һۣ϶һ˿ЦݡǸĶѾˣͿЩħϲϹξˡ

ħ磬ֺĹУŽʮλħ𡣶ңЩħɲһĶǵ𣬶ÿһǧħϡ
ħ۷һȺˣʮħ𣬵ֵżԪڶԪϵĹǿܹסħ硣
Ϊ׵ľǲħ統УǰħûʱǲǿħһܹʽɱΪʮڵ
ȻǷǳѵġħǰڣʵлףҲħһЩһħǶħܶԭ
ЩвħԶƿߡ
Խǵ棬ħħԽѣǰڻһ籾Դһػ߼ħ
ڣʮ籾ԴҲһܹ۳һħҲΪЩ۷ħǧħϵĵٶȻôĻҳħ⣬ʮλħȴᱻʮһλƿеǧס
ħķǻһͿء
ʮλħԶԶȲ϶ʮһλǧħٵ⡣
ҲܽȻȲǾʱ䣬һֱʹħ磬Ƕʮһλ۷Ҳ޿κΡ
ǾϣһֱϵħѳԪʱһѡΣӭж⡣
ЩħǵõһϢǺܲ
λӦö֪ˣЩƿκǲãʹɡնɱݻħѾħ类ݻ١󣬾ħħȴֻһħ磬ҲᲪȻŭ
Ŀڶɨһۡ
ڶ˳˼ȷԪԪϵһЩ޶ãǲң¿ЩԪȥɨħ磬Ҳǰȥֹ
Ҳ֪ĿǰǵЩƿĿǣһóȻ뿪ǰȥֹЩƿߣǻǳΣա
⵹ǴʵҲ˵ڶħĵǡ
΢΢һЦǰȻȥֹЩƿߣڣǸް취ڻˡ
᣿

ԣǻᣬĻᣡߣЩƿҲʵ̫ˣǰǻһЩһոҵõϢЩƿȫĵ뿪ˣ棬ֻһءԣǻһǸոճΪЩƿеĺԪϣǧˡǧѷĻᰡ
Ŀ͸¶һ˿â
Ĵڣֱں졣ôһǧѷĻᣬ׷Ź
㵱ˣ
ԣЩƿޱȽթ᲻թ
Ҳ̫ˣһ˾͸治Χ
ʮ𣬱ҵΧҲ·һֻǣһƿߵıǿɾ鷳ˡ
ڶħһ˵ı˾ÿУһҪΣʵ̫ˡ
ȴеĺܴݣƺһҲż
λ뿴
һ֣ǰͳһĻ棬ЩУȻһħ磬ȴһɹɿֲݻˡ
ЩԪ˵ԪϣЩǿǧ
뿴浱УǼԪ˵ЩԪǴݻħĻ档ٺ٣ǶЩǧÿһ˶ʶϸжλǧ𣿡
˶һҲϸ
ʮλǶʮλǧ𣡡
ǧȷȷǶʮλǧǾǻ˻ңҲϵá
ǿֻһˣΪܳѹסǣ
ߣЩƿ̫޼ɵˣΣһҪһѵܳŤתƣصȵħع飬ܳƳԪ˶ǵΧ
ԣǲÿȴع飬ҲܻЩƿߡ
һʱ䣬ħһԾԾԵı飬Եú˷ܣƺѾţһĻˡ


1520 ȥնˣ
һĻ⡣
ħ汻Ԫѹ֮ܵ˴ȨաǰħΪҲֻħܽۺϳһ塣
ħʱҲͳΪħʱ䡣лõԴòţʮڵҲʲô¡
ֻϧþЩļԪƿߣɱħ硣սһΣ֮Ҳֻܹħ統С
ڣˣֻҪܹһλʮƿߣʲô
ĸ󻼣
𣬾ǿ˶ʮλԪ˵ǧħ⣬ȷֻԼһλءǻǲܵģħҲزС
Ȼǲ㳲ţλǧڵħˡʮλǧڵ𣬶汾뿪ħ磬Ʊ̵ʱڣ
ն˵
ħ統УһҲֻʮλǧڵҪʮλǧڵǰȥΧɱӣҲΧɱڱصá
벻ϧһдۣҪնɱ
ʵһЩЩԸ⣬ϾҪΧɱȿֲڣ᲻ۣλ汳Ҳǲܡ
֮£˭ðա
ħ磬ɲҲѾȨʱ򷴶ԣ²ɱ֡
ˣʮλǧڵ󣬾ٲԸ⣬ȴҲòͬ⡣
ã²˳٣̳
Ȼ¶˾ġ

Ԫʱܲڣַֻ˹ġʮλǿɲװװӣѾ뿪
ҪأҲټʱ䡣
ʱ䣬㹻ħΧɱˣȻǼƻһ֣Ҳǹؼһ֣Ҫ߳Ȼ͵Щħ𳹵׷ġ
ַ忴ƺɵӣǿ˵һ㶼ģǿʮλǧڵ𣬿´󲿷Χ㡣
ַѾ󵽣Щħ֣һ֮ƣƱҪΧɱ
ʱԵħ𣬿ܾͲǼλǧڵôˣƱʮλʮλ
Уȫڵ𣬿¶ȥΧɱ
ˣַٵѹǺε֮һСģܻΣգʱɾŪɳ׾ˣòʧ
෴ַѹȴһСΪЩħһַ֪ʵ
ַ𶼺ƻĹؼ𣬶ַ塣ַܿնɱһЩħ𣬲ЩħΧסǾʹ󹦸ˡ
һжˣ
ٴص˵
ģĳһ߾ȫüƻʧܣ
ַıҲأһսԼԪˣƿζʲô
ţˣ
͵һ̧ͷĿŴ֮⣬ħķǼ¶һ˿Ц
ЩħվͲסˣ
䣡
˲Ϣ䣬ȣƺȫ
һɹǿ󵽼Ϣ籩һ㣬ϯַڵĵطһ챦˿̣ȿֲϢ֮£챦Ҳҡҡ׹ƺʱ
𣬲װģˣɡߣֻһǧҵȼȻˣȻʮİա
һֲ֣ħ˲ϯ챦
ԲȾڵĴڣ½ֻħҲһ챦ֵܹסġ
ˣ
ħûЧΪһɺƴĽ챦֮ϣƾħҲκβá
ʱһΰӰ챦һ
õóˣ㱾ûԪϣҪɱҲ練ƣ
ɫȻʮֵ򶨡Խ𷴵Խǰġʶ¼㴦Σյ״̬Ҳ治ɫ
ֻǣһβ¶˾ģһҪնɱ
˵棬֣
һ֣ʱʮλħеڵȫһԵĳȥ
Ȼ֪ʮλԪϣܼʱ䶼޷ءҲһʱĻᡣ
һ̣ɱ¶
һ̣Σԡ
ǲһ̶㾡ȫ
䣡
ͷһ磬Ȼһضɽҡâƺֲ࣬ĳ˷ɢȥ
һ뵽ΣУڽе磬԰ڼƣ˲
Ҳˣ
бЩɵڣеļɵʧˣޱȵĳ˷ܡ
ҡҡ׹·һ̾ͻᱻһ
˿̣ȴ˿ûлңһͺ𣺡𣬿ˣ
ţ
΢΢һ㶣֪ʲô⡣
һ̣챦֮У͵̤һӰôͻأĳյС
һ½ǧΣ
𿴵ַ壬漴ҡҡͷڷˡ
֪߻һλǧ𣬵Σǧ˿񱩵ĹֵĻᶼûС
ȥնˣ
һ֣ʣµλǧڵʩչħЦųַ׷׷ȥ


1521 Ϣʱӣ
ǧڵ𣬱ַĿ⣬ƺѾڿһһ
Ѿź˵ģǧڵȥԸַ壬ȻʮȥԸ𡣾ַţʱɻһЩġ
ʩչְܼʱ
ʮлڵ𣬵ܹżְʱԴǿʵ
ʱս˵Ѿǳˡʵ󣬰ʱͺܶˡ۷սϼʱ䶼ʲôЩһսսꡣ
ַ忴ŷ˶ǧڵǼ¶һ˿ЦݣðʱϢʱӣ
Ϣʱ䣿
΢΢һ㶣ħҲЩɻַĪʧķ裬Ϣʱָλħ
ֻǣѾݲڶˣΪһַ̣Ѿˡ
䣡
һɿֲ˲䱬ַͷһ磬һĽ򣬲һһ޴ľب֮С
⡭𣡡
ֹ𣿷ˣٶ𣡡
ãǼԪ˵ı
ַ˲䱬ֲƣʱħɫ΢΢һ䣬ǶַʵĴԤпܻᵼصĺ
ֻǣʲôӦѾˡ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַ˵ֻϢʱ䣬ǾͿ϶ֻϢʱ䡣Ҫ𣬽Щħһ򾡣ˣԲκαսپ
һϢ
ַʩչʱ侲ֹһϢʱ䡣
Ϣ
ħ𣬻һȫַʱֹһַ̣֮Ѿȫħϯȥ
Ϣ
ڣϢʱ䣬ħֻǧڵֱʱֹסˣȫ˻ӣûС
ַڵεֵ
ˣһ֮£ǧڵͳͳѹ촷ַۣʱ֮һڽУתΪ˴籾Դ
ǧ䣡

һֱԼ۾ǿħ𰡣ǧڵ𣬺պĹϴڣħ磬Ҳֻʮǧϵħˡ
ַҲԲϢʱ䣬ͱҲסһʱ䣬ڣʵȴǰ
ǧڵ𣬽Ϣʱ䣬䣡
ǿź찡һЩħ𣬶ͳͳնɱһΣһҪЩħ𣡡
𿴵һĻҲЩ⡣ַ֪𣬵ҪǧڵҲûһʱ䡣
Ϣʱ䣿
Ͳַܹɹַ廹Щд󡣵ڿַд󣬶ַʵϢʱͽǧڵ
ߣߣ
תΪħȻǷǳթաûȫİգǲðա
ڣַ֮ƣǧڵնɱҲоһ˿Σܣַˣܹһ򾡡
Ͼǻжʮλħлڵ𣡵վһַ֡ˡòоһ˿顣
ˣҪߣԸ
𣬼ȻѾˣǾͲˣ
Цһӣ£ͷ͵ĸֳǧһ͡·Ҫ˳׳еĸоȻ
ˣ
ַۿͷֳһ޴
񣬽ʮħȫУе𶼳һɲǵĳ񣬾ôһɲǵĳ񣬶ʮħѾһ˸סˡ
ȻҪסôħҲ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
ɱ
ַû˿ԥ̾Ͷ֡
ֱӱ֮ͬһ㣬ƺƵ֮£ѹ
˲佫ǧڵش֮һֱӽشħ𶼾뵽ڽС
ħѾܿҲ޷Ƭ̡
ַȥնɱЩħʵδϾֻս޷Щħħɱ
ˣֻʹܴ޷նɱ
סǣҴֻסʱ䣬ܲħ𣿡
ַ
㹻ˣֻҪסЩħʱ䡣
̻Ӧ
ãǾɣɰڴһ٣
ַ䣬Ŀ˸һâ


1522 ʱ򣬺ɨ޵У
ʱ侲ֹ
ַ·˸һ˿Ѫɫ
ʱӰΣ˲ס˶ʮħУڵ𣡱ַǿĵ𣬱ǲħ
ƽʱַ嵥Բ𣬹ʱ侲ֹ¾ͻַصĸɣ˵ʱʮħ
꣡
һַ̣ڽ򣬷·𶼳һѺ֮ۡĲţһ籾Դţ޸ַڽѺۡ
籾ԴĸҲǽĸ޸ƣٺòˣЩ̫˷ʱ䱾Դˡ
һ˲䣬ַһǧڷ籾ԴһڷţҺԭַмǧڷ籾Դ֮ǰնɱħͳͳǧڵϣҶǧħˣջ籾ԴѾһڷݡ
ַܹڵ籾Դﵽ˿ֲһǧڷݡ
ַ籾Դȴڷš
һǧڷݡǧڷݡǧڷݡ
ַ籾Դ·ҪǮƵģţάڽȹ̣ټ
ô籾Դһ֣һɶʯѾܶˡַȴڣЩңΪɹʮħ𣬳סֹסˡ
ڣ
Ȼװ˷ĻᣬڣȻһӾֹ͡סˣ̾ˣΪʲô֮ǰַܹնɱǧڵ𡣶ңֻϢʱ䡣
ֹʱ侲ֹ˵еʱ
ַ֪ܣҲûҪַ̽ܵ˼Ͼÿ϶ܣԼ
ǻһߵĵز
ôҲ벻ַܾȻ˿ֲǴ˵еʱй֮ϣռ򲢳Ϊʱա
йء桢ǿĹ
磬ռһ˿ռǾܹСǧ統ȥ磬˲Ϣִκһ
ԶȹԪ١
Ԫ֮Եλ˳ߣʵǿ⣬ҪʵǼԪ߱߱һ̺ռĿռ
ʱչĳϣʱҪȿռӵǿڰ˸ԪУռȻûбգȴռйصıôҶֱ۵˽⵽˿ռǿ
ʱأ
ƺһֱأ˭Ҳ֪ʱµƺһֱУ˭Ҳ޷̽ʱò
ڣַϣ𡰿ʱ
û뵽Ԫϲ棬һʱֱǼСǧӰһʮСǧ磬ҲһԪϵĳɾ͡
һݣƺһ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
ַֻ棬ôҲúˣĽʵΪҲѡ
ߣɾ͡޷ɾͣ˵翣߸ϵĽˡ
ھû˾ãַлΪ
ڣַֿ˴˵ΪĪʱҲһ΢ĸо
ƺַĳɾͿ֮ܲϡǽ
һʱȴȫ汬ˡûκͣߵ飬Ϊַֻȡʱ䡣
;ⳡսʤŽꡢǧ꣬˭ͳСǧ硣
ˣжôȣ߷˶£𶼲˿Ķҡ
һ̣ͷľ޴񡱣ͷ·̩ɽѹһ㣬ݺݵĽٶ£ѹ˶ʮħϡ
䣡
ʱ޴ĺʮսϵһֲ֮˼㡣ַ΢һڵ𣬾ô𱬷˲ѹ촷ۣΪŨ籾Դַ֮뵽ڽС
꣡
þħȫһ֮£ħҲ˲ˡ
һصħѹ촷ۣ˲Ϣʧǧħʧء
ܣղŶԱʲô
ʱѾˣѾѡ˹ַԼĿ֮У˾֮ɫ
ڸղţʣ¶ʮħ𣬵ڰ֮䣬Ǿͺһӡʧһʱһ
ǶʱУһƬհס
һ̣ʮħ𣬾ֻʣʮߣԱһ飬䡣
һʧʮǧڵǲҲܵشʣʮħһĶľʧ룬ޱȡ
ڣﻹŴսʤ֣֮Σ


1523 һ򾡣
ʱ䣬ʱ򣡡
ҲǷǳϵħˣѵġǵáȷǡʧһʱ䣬˴˵еʱ򣬻ʲô
ˣַĿ⣬ѾǺ桢ɻˣǿ־壬ǳĿ־壬ǰƺǺǿƿߣȻʱ
ĳٽǰʱ䣬ʣµģͽɡ
ַ忴һʣµʮλħ𣬾ܸڵ𣬵Ѿܵشַסǰʱ䣬Ҫ֮ǰࡣ
ԪϷģлӵ
쳩ĴЦȻѾܵļƻƻһʧҪ볹׽Щħһ򾡣Ѻѡ
˭뵽ַصĺȻʱ
ⲻЩħԤϣҲͬԤϡ
ǧѷĻᣬ𲻻Ź
ʱ侲ֹ
ַٴʩչʱ侲ֹд籾Դľģôħת籾ԴȫַԼġ

ͼֻǣʲôֶΣַʱ֮󣬲Ļͳ׵ľֹסˡ
ʮħ𣬶ܵشǻӡ𲻻ŹǧѷĻᣬĴ߶֮ݺݵĳЩħȥ
䣡
һ£λħҲֵסͳͳΪ촷ַۣ֮һ뵽ڽС
ֻʣ˲𣬵Ҳʧأӹʵʧ롣
ַûʩչʱ򣬵֣Ҳѹס߶
գڼȱߵ£ɱַնɱˣħʮλǧڵȫնɱ
ҲĿǰħ˳ɵĶˣ񶼱նɱħѾûʲôϣħ磬׽ħ֮Ѿôңɼ
Ԫϣɲص湻ҲԪϣ򣬽뽫Щħһ򾡣ܡһˣǲһˣ޷ħ硣ңԺκΰ취޷òϵ
ڻЩ¡
ƶƻʵҲһðաɹҲ忪Ҳûʮİսħһ򾡡
ֻϣܹشЩħȻ취Χħ硣
ַʱǾȫһˣʤҲ忪ٳɹʰ˳ϣųϣħͷβûκεĽҡ
ҲĹͣûĳҪնɱôħ𣬼ܡ
ַҡҡͷʵսһʼûǣٶʮħַʩչĻ᣿
ôĻַ塣
ʮħȫǧڵϣնɱħӴͳͳַ뵽ڽС
ַ֮ǰ籾ԴԼĵһЩ籾ԴۺַڽѾۻʮڷ籾Դ
ǺεȵĿֲ
ʮڷ籾Դ㹻ĶʯôԽַʵٶս
ֻնɱʮħջ񣬻һջǾħ硣ħڣֻʣλǧڵ𣬺γܴħ磿
֪ͨʮλԪϰɣҪ뾡칥ħ磬ÿǡ
Ҳ˵ͷôĺϢȻҪ֪ͨԪϡ
ʱһƣԪҲ׷׵ķء
ǿַ𶼰ȻһҲѾõ֪ͨȴЩš
ĽЩħһˣ
ԣ˺ʮħɲӣȫһ򾡣
ֱ׿ڳϣڶԪŷ׷¶Цݡ
ôˣѪûа׷ѣЩħǳ׽
԰ǵԪڵʱҲûйֱЩħǻ˰СǧЩħʵڼɵħ档û뵽ħѺǷл᳹׽ħ
Ҳֻʱ䣬߲ʱ䣬Сǧ硣һħǾħǾʱ򡣡
ûͨħħعΣߣǻһֱ׷ɱħŹκһħһҪնɱħع飬Ҳټκһħ
²˳٣ھȥħɡֻҪݻħ磬ټСǧ磬ĸħ赲ҼԪˣ
ԣھͳħУöǲ٣ħղصֱɶħ統С
ԪѾЩȲˣַҲЩԾԾԡϾڼԪ˻ȡʯٶԽԽѡ
ħ磬ռ˰Сǧʱ䣬ҲһһЩʯп϶Ƕʯ
ַȱľǶʯĶʯ
ˣħչεĶʯҲǳڴ
ϣҪʧ
ַдһ˿ڴֱڶԪһ𣬺ƺƵĳħȥ


1524 ѹħ磡
ħ磬С
ʣǧڵ𣬸ɫѿ
Ѿʧȥ˶ʮλĸӦôϢûκλظǿĲҲʧ١
һЩϢһϢǲͻħ磬֮⣬ҲûϢ
ǧڵգһ˳˵ƵӵĵزˣпѾȫû
ܣȶʮλôȫûЩƿһıʮλƿߣȫˣôܽʮλһ򾡣ǸͲܡ
һ򾡣ôһϢûУ
һʱ䣬λ𶼳Ĭȷûбһ򾡣ûʲô鷳ôһϢûУ
䣡
Ȼħ类һɿֲţھҵ𶯡
ħ͵̧ͷ漴ɫĺѿ
ǼԪ˵Щƿߣ
ţǶʮλƿߣ£λ׶༪ˡ
סһҪϧһдۣҪסǾͶˡ
ħֻҧħķȥΣǶþȫס򣬾ˡ
ʱȵУħ⡣
ƺƵԪ˵ĶʮλԪϣȫִղųֵȫһҲǳֲһ֮£𵴣ڶ𺳡
ûƣ
ٺ٣ħôױƣ˵ħħԲãôױƵģ
һӹƣһĹûǰΣôȹˡ˵ħУԺ󾢲㡣ֻʣǧڵάħתοҵڹ
һ֣һܹħ硣
ħҡҡ׹ģԪ϶ǰһǶǰħ磬ֱ˾
ǹꡢǧ꣬ʵùʮǧڵħάŷħԲáʮλʮϵ𣬿Ҳ޷ǿйħ硣
ڲһˣħ統Уֻʣǧڵħ沼õħ磬Σǧڵά֣޷סħ硣
ǻڶʮλǧĹ֮£Ǿ͸졣
λԪϣһɡ
һ£ʱڶԪԪǣ׷׶ʩչڽ򣬹֮ͬһ㣬ƺƵһ𣬺ݺݵħ硣
䣡
޴ĺħ綼ھҵţħܹά֡
ֻǣʮλǧɲǳһΣԴԴϣһһΡ
һΡΡΡĴΡΡ
ÿһκħ綼ҵ𵴣ÿһ𵴣ᵼħħֱӱ
ңʱĳħҲЩ֧Ųסˡ

ʮλԪϣһȴ¸߰һαһǿֲ֮۵һ𣬻Ϊݺݵĺħ֮ϡ
¡
ڣһħֵסˣʼһ˿˿ƣħֱ
ãǵֵסˡ
ӣϽӡɽڲûգߺĬĬĵȴ꣬ʱ䣬һҵٳضѩޣ
ԣȴһѩǰܣ
ħܿѡʱǱӣӵĻǾֻܵħ
һˣϣȵħɽ
ಣ
ħֳͼߡԪҲԤϵһ㣬ħ˷Χˮйͨ
ÿһħ֣̾ͱסһһնɱת籾ԴҲַ壬ʹַ籾Դﵽ˶ʮڷݣ
һֲַ֣ȴû̫⣬Ķħ磬ָоħջ񣬾ԲС
λԪϣħѹΰɣסʯ˵һѹ֮
ģȻ֪ء
ԪϾ;ǵļɡ
ǣʮλԪϣһԵĳħ統Уַֻħ֮⣬Էκ©֮ѡ
ʮλԪϣǧ𡣽ħ磬ͬȺһ޼ɵݺ޵С
̶ʱ䣬ħ綼ԪǾߣջ˴Ķʯ
Щʯȫ۵ַǰ
ַ壬ǰһѶʯҲ̲סĳȣΪַʷһջ񵽵ඨʯԶԶַԤڣ


1525 ʮڷ籾Դ
ַǰͨʯֱԼңһǶʯǶʯǶʯУڼĶʯ
ڼĶʯԪ˶ûѹεȴħѰҵˡ
ʵҲʯƿ˵Ҳкܴôƿڽɵļޣ磬ǣʵںڼĶǶʯ
ħأ
ռʯֻǳһϰߣƷٸߵĶʯħ˵ҲֻǺһЩƿеİཻһЩԴ
磬һЩǧƿ߽ףղˡ
ңħǶռŰСǧ磬ѹΰСǧԴʯ׵վ
ջ£жٶʯ
ֱ֣Ǹַ֣壬Ҳ޷Ԥôඨʯܹ
ڣڣڡ
ַ岻ãֻҪ籾Դ㹻ôЩʯڰʱڣòꡣ
ַɫ䣬һЩ²⣬ЦʵԪϣôջаɣ
УȻУԶĳֻҪ籾Դ㹻һټĳĳѾǰˣ
һַ̣ҲûбҪκ΢͸¶һ㡰Ϣ
Ȼɫһ䣬ǵͺ磿Ե棿
ȻģҪֲ
ַ˵ͷ֪𣬶ԪζʲôΪ˼Ԫûκ˴ﵽ˰
ڼԪַѾͨ˽⵽Ԫǧڼ޵Ƕ޵
Ԫ˴μԪ٣ŸԪܹﵽǧĳ̶ȡַأ
ھȻţﵽĳ̶ȣҲѹ˵Ľš
ã籾Դһ߾ȫѼ籾Դħ磬ԪϾ͸Ͻɰɡ
أڿϣϣԽԽ󡣰֮ǲǾͺпܴﵽǧڣ
һǧڣûпܸһΪ
뵽ٻԪϣҲ͸¶һϢʱԪ϶ַĿޱȵĻȡ
𣬸Ͻħɡ
ԣ֮ǰħ磬һħûնɱҲûɹκһħһпɶǸԪŵġ
ֻҪԪܹΪǵѪҲֵˣ
ҶַܹﵽڵĲΣϾַǵΨһϣˡ
ĳͲˣ
ַҲûƴǣĿԶħ硣ħ磬Ѿ飬ܹ̻̲յħǡ
ħ磬ħġߣһɫȫħ𣡶Ҵ󲿷ֶһħϣͨħûʸħ硣
Ͼħħǵġϳħ涼ħ統г˯һɵħ磬õ籾Դֱ
̣
ַû˿ԥͷֳһ޴ب֮У·ãֱתΪʵʡ
һĴ룬ֱѸٵĽħ綼СһĸǺݺݵġħ統Уȡħġ֡
ʲô
ҵħ
ɡ޳ܣЩƿߣֱħҪ޳ܡ
ħţȴ޼¡ֻҪ֮ĸڣħԱҲ޼£ɻᱻɡ
Ż֮ĸ룬ħ֮תۼ䣬ħ͡ήҡһͷͷħѸٵתΪ籾Դ
ԭַѾ˶ʮڷ籾ԴڣŻ֮ϵġȡħеġ֡ǣַڵ籾ԴȻҲԴԴϵˣٶ֮죬ֱ˼
ʮڡʮڡʮڡʮڡ
ַڵ籾Դٶ֮죬ֱ˼ֻǶ̶ʱħѾױȡ֣ħûһŵģͳͳʧˡ
ʵǱ֮סɡˡ
ңַ巢֣֮ȻֱܹЩħת籾ԴԶԶҪڽתҪࡣ
ʮڷ籾Դ
ַ嶼̾ѡʮڷ籾Դ㹻ĶʯܹʵѸٵսϣ
ǿʵİ
ôԪϣܷȷﵽսϣ
Ŷڴַ塣
ܣһұչʱ䣬ܻܼܳ꣬һ꣬ҲпٶȺܿ죬ʮͳɹˡһ㣬ܴҡ
ַ֣ص˵
ʵľƣҲʲôΣաСǧײһ浽ײһ̣¾ַչҲС
ԪϷģԾչءԺǼԪܲˣСǧģ
ص˵Ⲣʱ⣬ʵڼԪˣСǧײĵطԽԶԽá
ħռݰСǧ磬ʱ̫ˡҪɨЩħҲҪһʱ䡣ҪǣǻռʯڶʯࣿħڵСǧ磬ûбĵطʯܲࣿ
ˣԪܲȻô࣬һٶá


1526 ı
ԪǨܲһϢҲ㷺ǿħ磬ħϳѾԪ˵ĺԪһٵƽ
ӴˣÿԪƿߵħвӴ˳Ϊʷ
ƿ߻ЩţżԪ˽ܲǨƵԭħΧ֮ڣû˲ˡ
ħıƽˣ
ƿ߶ڻۺʱεأƺħƿвڣһвȻʧˡ
һʱ䣬ͼԪ˵ƿԪҲ߲ܡϾֶ˰СǧҪƿأǾҪڶƿ˲ܸõġСǧǱ
Ƕʯռ֮أҪ൱ƿռС
һѾַûйϵˡڼԪܲǨƺѾһУбչС
һΣַõǰδеӴ󶨽ʯܻܿڵ磬ʵʮϰٱ
ôȵʵַȻ׼
ʱ䣬ַҪʱ䣡ħвѾʱˣַҲ㹻ʱС
ַȴûеģûǣСǧײôľ䡣οǧĽڻ
Ψбǿַܴκαʡ
ħ׻Сǧ˶ݵġ֮СȻǱϵİʵϣȴѾǰӿ
ʮꡢʮꡢһꡭ
ʱҴңʱһζͨ˵ʱѾˣϲһʱ䡣
޵ƿ˵ǵָһӣܴʱҲֹꡣ
ʱ䣬ڼԪ˵ȴҪ
Ԫһٵƽħƿߵĸ󻼣ˣżﵽһǰĵزΪСǧʵĵһ
ǴӶʵм˵ǶһһԭħƿصİСǧ統УڵһʱͱԪƿأˣ꾭ӪѾͬͰһ㣬βơ
Ϊ˼Ԫġϳ
ңԪͬСǧ統У˴ƬЩǧҲǽڽڰˣԪ˲ƣήĺ
˫վûбʲôĳͻƺܿơ
ʱ䣬ߵȴԽԽַ࣬ǰһ壬Щߵʵࡣ
żԪԽԽӴ󣬶ҲƣһЩ˼ǣԪ˵ԴЩĶѡ
һʱ䣬֮ǰӿ
ʱڽСǧײѾ˽ߡ֪жٷٵСǧ硣
СǧٳûײһЩһЩ˼ڣཱུ߱Ѿܵľһ
𣬶ǧĽߣСǧкպȴΪԵ񣬶ٵСǧ硣λʵͬ飬ΪʹġһСǧ𣬾η壿һѹнߣ֪֪ˣô룿
˵һӡϢԣĳཱུƺΪɵ
ոս٣Ҳʮ𡣺ٺ٣㲻֪ǺײУοʮ𣬼Ԫûʮ𣿡
ҵͶԪ˺ܲˣκСǧûײΰĽ²û¸ǿδԸ˼Ԫˡǻϳ֣ȻΨհ
ԣֻ˽˵ݣ滯һ̤ƽԪˣϷ˼ԪռԴֶΪ
ЩߣһĶ˷ܡԾԾԡ
۾ȴ΢΢һУɫеЩΡǼ˵Ԫ˻Щ̵ģƾһˣʮ𣬿ҲԵƽԪˡλܶ취һЩʮ٣٣һоͶðˡ
ҲڼԪСǧ統졣һ˾뵴ƽԪˣ
ĿܣԪնɱǲǵòʧ
ܹ˵Щߣ뷽跨ٽһЩʮôһоͶðˡ
Ԫ˾ͬһͷޡبСǧ統УռкõĵطеԴýǴΣȴƫƫκβá
ЩҲƿߣҪԴСٵСǧ磬Ŭ񣬵õʹͶ⣬һҪֶΣǾչСǧԴ
ֻϧСǧ磬Ϊ˼Ԫޡý޴ӡ족ֻܿżԪ˴Ρ


1527 ʮ׷׽٣
ȻԼǰȥЩȥСҪġ֡磬ʮ𣬻ϡ
û뵽Ҳˡ
ȻȺУһ۵𣬿˵
ţǣ
üüͷƺʶǰİӡ
Ŷʶˣڲ磬ҿһ
ƺЯһ챦Ϣһ֣Ҳĸı䣬һЩ㣬ǿӡ
𣬾Ȼ㣡
۾΢΢һ漴ɫʶ֣˫ƴ˭Ҳûκε˭
ܵͬٵһǵСǧ統СԪ֮ʱ˫֣ΪһСǧ籾Դ˶ͬھ˶õһСǧ籾Դӻǧ硣
û뵽ˡ
ɫƣЦ˵֮䵱Ӫͬ°°ˡǽٵⷽСǧ磬ʱûʲôͻ෴ǻйͬ档㲻ҪѰʮϵȥԸԪ𣿾֪ʱɽ˲ٵˡ
ţ˵ЩʮһжȻٺò
ɫҲ
ʱСǧ磬ȻףСǧдһʵϣʵûʲôޡ
ҲʲôܻĳޣΪˡ
йͬ棬յһЩССԹҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ҪƴһƽϣƴһľЩ߸ϵĽΪСǧ籾ԴͣǲǰСǧ磬֮䲻֪ж
ѵƴսһ
ʵȴǡǡ෴СǧĶôǧ磬֮䣬ȴԵĺܡƽ͡٣֮ಫߣǳϡ٣Ǻ
¶һ˿Цݣ漴ȺкλҲòҴˣСǧ绹ûпʼײٲҴţȵСǧײЩǿ٣ﻹǵĺô
ſ£ȺҲ½Ц
ǿ𣬹ƻĵһס˵Ķԣֻͷ˽˽һСǧײиǿ١ʱٶĺôҲǡλҪ֣㱾һ
˵һװֵİӣݷǳᣬǳɰɲС۾˵ԭǰͯȻӭ
ҲϷһ
ͫȻҲˡ
ǣ½½Ӧ𡢿𡢰ͯͫһĴȫһ⣬ͳͳʮ
ݣǧʱȻֵһᡣڼԪʱҲڻҰˡⷽСǧ磬ȴԺɨһУݺ޵С
ãҵĴټһЩȥһĽߣ̤ƽԪˣͲڻ£
ԪڰǰҵȽߣֱڣǸԪһѵˡ
²˳٣ǰԪ̤ܲƽԪˣ
ཱུ߶ԾԾԣСĴ׼ȥ̤ƽԪˡ
ҲһЩߣ֪ͨǧĽȴǹһЩãԪ˵ƺҲǱô򵥡
ֻǣĴʮǺεǿ
ʧȥ˼Ԫ֮£ԪӦοĴʮ⣬ڶཱུߣҲ٣ϵҲûС
ʱ䣬½٣Ȼû̫ĶֱʮٱȴĴһӡ
λǲӦôӳ飿úһȫ֮ߣ
𿪿˵
ӳ飿ڿֶ룬䡣˭֪СǧʲôʱײڲϽõôȵʲôʱ򣿡
Сǧײ˸ǿﻹǵĺôοһСǧֵǴӳ飿
ϷѾһʱ䣬ԪҲϸĵԪ˵Ԫ𣬵ȷ˰˴μԪ٣Ƕ۷޽ӽ𡣲һһռ챦κβáԪѾԼȥѹħħ棬ѾʧˡڼԪ˾ֻʣһʮ𣬵ǵʵֱ׾١
ͫļǣƺһٶȺܿĺ𡣴棬ҽʮСǧ磬ûƿߡ׽ס˺ǿɲҵúúооһ
һʱ䣬ĴƺѾ˼Ԫ˵ġ֡


1528 鷳ˣ
ԪܲʮһλԪϣ֮ܲУƺʲô
ɸ߸ףԪȻԪռʯżԪ˿ס˰Сǧ磬ռʯ£ѾȫͨƿȥòԪԳˡ
λԪϣϢ䣬ԽԽ࣬ٵԽԽƵȻԪնɱסЩߡʱ䣬ƺЩЩˡ
ǰԪ˴鱨һЩƺܾۻᣬпҪʲôңпԵľҼԪˣλԪϾøô
𻺻˵ټڶԪϣΪ˽ߵ£Ͼħ󣬼Ԫ죬ԼԪвģҲЩˡ
ڽ߰һʱ䣬ִԪȻ޶á
ɴ࣬һݣȺҲһһˣ
ٺ٣˵ףô򵥣Щߣǧ罵ٶ£ʵǿҪ𶼲֪ж١ҲǸΪŽһģĻĻǼԪˣ
߻֮ìأϣҲֻһϣȫϡˣѾѶԸˡԴԴϵĽ٣ҿʮ𶼽˲٣ֻûб¶ˡ
ڻǵ̣ƾԪϡԪڱչأһսԪϼпܾһλˣʱ򣬾ǽǿֻҪûакξգ
ֻһֻҪ߲Ƕ֣Ǿͣ
ԪǶʵħռ˰Сǧ磬ûԪǵΡǺ֪Ԫ˵
ԪˣӴûнߵĻǾǵ֮Сǧ޼ɵȫûʲôܶвħǰˡ
н߾ȫһˣǱǧнֱ֧֣ԴԴϵĽ١
Ԫôһ򾡣
ǵַ壬첻µز£Ҳֻ壬нΪСнΪУڵļԪ˵ġ
ڣַֻ̣չأΪ
ڶԪ۳ĽҲֻεĵ˵ͷַ廹أ˭뵽̶̼ǰַѾɳΪԪ֧
ҪҲԶԶַˡ
ڣַչأЩԪ϶ȥšԪһЩش⣬ĵĵȵַչزſ
ȻλԪѾ۳ˣǾֻʱˣǱҲҪеע⣬Է
¡
˵׼ʱȻһɿֲٵ˼ԪܲʱܵļԪܲҵ·һ̾ͻ׻Ϊ촷ۡ
˸ҽԪˣ
ڶԪɫһ䣬͵̧ͷĿ˼Ԫ֮⡣
ţߡ
һݣˣԪ⣬ԼվİĽߣĴ󣬻飬Ľߡ
ڶԪһ֪Ԫ˵鷳ˣ

Ԫ֮ܲУոմռĴߣһ۾Ϳ˼Ԫܲ
ףȻܵסһмͣ
˵ǻһʮղһȻȫһҲӦа˳ɵʵˡ
ٺ٣𣬼Ԫ˺ôҲⷽСǧİҲһʮһԪܲ𣿡
ԣԣôҲøЩԪЩӡ
Ѿˡ
˶һȻǿ˴ӼԪܲ͵ķɳʮλƿߣǧϡ
Ϊߣʮ
˫ңңţʮλԪϣɵյУԷʱһĶأ̲ס΢һ
ʮĴʮ
Ĵʮ𣬸ûϢͷųϢÿһλԪ϶ĸܵǿ֮
Ĵʮǿߣ𶼻ҪǿһЩοĴʮ֮⣬ǵ󻹸ཱུߣÿһλߣΡ
нʮ
ݣֱȵħԼڵļԪ˼Ҫǿ
ȴ򶨣ʵǺˣðҼԪˣȥ㲻׷ˡ
ĿĴԼڶཱུһһɨԽǹ۲죬оԽûеĳ˹ȵס


1529 Ҫ̤ƽԪˣ
ɣ
ҡҡͷζ˵Ӧ֪ĿġҵȶǧĽߣǼԪ˶СǧӣҲýˣ
ɫһ䣬Ȼĵ»Ƿˡ
ЩߣȻưոݣ˿¶ҲѣһǾ߱ѹʵ
ˣǼԪ˵ĺгǰýҵȽߣ㱻ס
ʱĴĿ⻢񣬽Ķ
ƾҲԸҼԪˣǾȹһأ
ͷֳһ񣬺ƺƵ֮Ĵ΢΢һݣҲ˶Ѱˡ
ʮ𣬵ȷʮ
ʵȴеκһǿ϶٣൱ǽһȴĴʮ
оâһûк𣿿ӦڱչأһǱչص˹ؼʱ̣ʱǶԸźֻǣ𣬽ƾһˣס
˭˵ֻһˣҵȣ
ҪԸԪˣǾʹҵ̤
ЩħҼԪ˵ƽЩߣһգҲЩħ³϶١
ҲǼԪԼѹħ棬ɸ˷
ৣ
ʮλԪ˺Ԫϣһȫɵߣһͷ֮
ֲϢѾһ塣
֪һսܻѣҲһ˳е
ԪˣͲĸ˵ˣгԱˣΪԪϣҪʱվ
һʮһλԪϣǧϵǿݣɢҲ൱ֲ٣Ͽˡ
ĴȴҡҡͷЦ޴ǧҲ赲ҵȣˣǾǲˡ
վҵ̤ƽԪ֮գ
̤ƽԪˣ
ĴԼʮһĶЦšƺ̤ƽԪѾָտɴˡ
ɱ
ˣһӣһֲķ籩ϯΪ硱Ƿ籩һɹɿ񱩵ķ籩ԴݻһУϯһС仹һʮʩչ򣬸ǿֲ
񣡡
Ҳһͺͷֳһ޴񣬽Ԫ϶СͬʱʮԪϣҲ׷ʩչԼĽ֮һ𣬹ֵͬĹ
䣡
Ĺֻ΢һ£ûκεáϾһˣֵܵסĹοжʮԪϣסһ͸ʲôˡ
вУ
һ˽˼Ԫ˵ˣҲЦˣֵÿЦ
ɫڻ࣡ٲ֣ʱ﷭ˣ
Цݣ׷׳֡
ˣ
Ľס˶ʮһλԪϣʱڶԪϾͷ·һӱػһ
΢΢һ񣬿̩֮ͬɽѹһ㣬˲ѹ¡
ⲻԶԶһķܿסʮ𣬸˵жʮİ
䣡
漴ͯͫҲ׷׳֡
һʱ֮䣬Ĵһֲ֣ӰһƬѹѹѹ£ԼʮԪϣԳѹһһķ·Ҫٱһ
ô򵥣
Ĵ𿴵ˣȷЩܲסˡ֣ǺεȵĿֲ٣ʮһԪϣһֶ֧Ųס
Щǧ֧ŲסڵĽ
أ
һλԪڽ͵ݣ죬ţһɿ񱩵֮ӿʱλԪϵϢ䵽˼㣬ȻشҲս
һʮ𡭡
Ĳ࣬Ԫ˵ĺԪԽԽ٣ܵѹҲԽԽ
֧Ųסˡ
֪Ѿ֧Ųסˡ
Ŀַ֪徿еôˣǲĵ˹ؼʱַ̡ûгأȴȥš
Σʱ̡
Ȼ֧ס
һ˿â漴ʮ˵һְɣҹζࡣݻ˼ԪܲȻǵĺô
ãǾͲˣ
֣
֣̤ƽԪˣ
ʮˣǾͷ·ѹյһݣһ֣ƺƵ֮ѹ¡
ɫһ֪һס
ˡ
ƺ¶ʲôġ
䣡
ȻԪܲһϤǿƣ˲䱬ˡͬرһ㣬ֲĿ糯˷ɢֲѹ٣һ̣·һжİ
Ҫ̤ƽԪˣ
һͻأĳ˶Уоþûص


1530 ƽ٣վ٣
⡭Ǻ𣿡
͸¶һ˿⣬ϵı𾪣ǡţ
ǿˣӼԪܲһӰӰ棬ƽ档
ôһһߵĽ֮·ַ߶޷һȫԶֽ⡢ʧ
򷨲մ
ǿᵽһ̶ȣ̫޴󣬾ͷ·һһֱ֮𣬸ͬն
ɢ
ַûжĶˣֻһȡʱѹϵֽ֮򣬾ͬѩһ˲Ϣͳ׵ɢˡ
·ûгֹƵģĿɿڴĲ˼顣
ȣͷ·ʲô¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫæʵԪϣ㡭ɹˣ
ַһЦ˵ͷǰɡ֮ǰλԪˣǾͺúûصԪܲϢʣµģͽҰɡ
ַ廰£漴һ֣һ޿ƥе˲佫ȶʮһλ𣬶ͳͳͻء˼Ԫܲ
ৣ
ַתĿⶢĴΪ׵ڶཱུߡֻһĿ⣬ȴƵģʮλ߶еصѹ
ʱ򣬻Ҳѹһҧʲô
ʲôӦ˵ʲô
ַƵ˵ַԽƽԽĴеļ¡ǸղѾܵˣֲֿϢ·΢й¶һ˿Ƿ·о֮һ
ǰĺﻹ²ǧʮҲԶԶû˿ֲơ
һҧ𣬸ղŵ£һʹΣҵȶǴǧ罵٣ΰĽҪǡ
䣡
𻰻û˵꣬ͻȻ䣬ַͱơ
ֻƣȴͬһ㣬ֲķ籩˲ϯûκ֮Ҳûκν򣬽ֻơ
γɵķ籩ĴһٴУַϵϢĴΪ׵Ľ߾
ڣǰ𰡣
ôܣ̶ʱ䣬ַôܳΪ𣿡
ţǧ磬Ҳǽڶе޵дڣ۷û뵽Ȼ˿ֲʵ
ѵԪ˵ĵڶ̶ʱڣӲ̶ֳȣ
Ҵϣܵһ˿ΰĽƵϢܺ΢ڱȴûʲôǡϢ
Է鰡ƿߣ
һʱ䣬ԻΪ׵ڶཱུߣ
һô˾ʵ˿ֲʵַԼǵõ˼Ԫ˵̣ԼӴԴ˽յַ塣
һ㣬ַӵ˿ֲʵѳɣǽΣˣ
ҼԪߣ
ַĮͬԶoһЩߵ
нߣ׹ѣһӡѡ˹
Ҳ
ݺСǧ磬õΰĽµļνôһСǧУ
ҾһгΪϣ
ʮߣǵǳǿҡûһλԸôȥûɡ
вһЩƿߣýǵΡΣ
ǶֻڻңڻҰˡڻҵˣǾǿĪȥߺ޼ֵȥ
Ϊ̰֮֡
䣡
ַһֻֻ֣һ
ʱһȻ·һ˲䱬һ̣ʮЩ𣬸оƺһ
ɵֵȫɵֵһ˿ᶼûС
ӿ˽ߵͷ𡢿𡢰ͯͫĴߣʮ
ȴ·һ㣬Ъ˹Ĵţͷһ磬һ챦
ӳſֲ
ֻǣ۶ǿ۶ط۶ôıַֻ֮£ƺһжͽ͡
ֵĽ޷ѣֻĿž

Ĵһ̣ޱȵĺڡôô޴̤ƽԪˣ
Ԫ˵˼Ԫһ޵ôô׾ͱ̤ôô
ڿǴˣס
ΪĴȴܲأܿܡȫû
䣡
ַľƣ£Ĵ𣬻ʮߣͬһֻֻСһֱӱַһƵƽȫΪеĻҳ
һַ̣ջƣֶ·ֻһ΢һ
Ŀ⣬ûпһĴҲûпһЩߣ̧ͷеĳԭƽĿжһ˿ء
ڣô
ַţ򶨵ʱҲ̲סĳȡ
ƽ٣ǻ
͸ռ䣬ַ·𿴵˿ռŤԼһɽȻͬѾСǧ硣
Сǧ𶼲ܡ
ôֻһֿܣǾСǧ磬һСǧ磡
ײɱ⣡
ƽ٣վ٣


1531 Сǧײ
¡
Сǧ綼ھҵ𵴣ηܸоԵ𵴣Щһָоġ򡱣˺еĸоһ
⵱ȻǵĹ˺УСǧĹ˺СиӦ˹ߣܸӦ
СǧĹ˺УֱͬƽһϾҲ޷˺СǧĹ
ĳϣСǧġʵǽΡֻһΪħǾȫʮٸСǧ磬Ƕ׾١ڡϣ˵ΡϣСǧʵ
ֻнġߡΡ˺Сǧ
ղŵġ𵴡Ȼǽ֣һСǧ磡
ַĿĶԶĳգѾˣһֺСǧ磬·ʯһ㣬ݺݵ£ҵСǧ֮ϡ
ĹŰСǧȻСܡķӦڻ𵴾ţֻǣܸһСǧ磿
¡
һҵ𶯣һһСǧײСǧ磬λԭڲϵı䶯Ҳûʲô̶Ĺ켣
˭뵽Сǧ綼ײֱһС˼㡣
ַɫΪأ૵ƽ٣ˣ
𣬺ƽ٣ҪȥСǧײĵطܲȻٺòܲȣҲҪʧ͡
˵ַ꣬һ粽ʧС

ڵȵһ죡
һţǣǿл޴ޱȣһСɽţͷˣǰһ޴
Сǧײһ޴Ŀ
ܣдĹŰγɽǶͨԣѪ߹ţ죬һλĶ
һѾ̫̫á
˵ҪΪ𣬾͵ӶᡢѹΣǵ磬ѾӶĲˣѹθɾˣңԪֺңԶǧԸ⽵١Һã޾֮·ǵõСǧײϢô꣬һֱ׼
ţ죬ĶǸߡȷ棬̽ײСǧʵΡʵҲǶĲʵΣСǧײôƱػìܡ
𣬾ʵǿߣơ
ţ첻һСǧοһСǧײȻûǧ٣СǧɾͲһˡ
ǧ鲼Сǧ磬಻ʤ
Сǧ磬ټǧ۸ӣţһ͵óΪˡ
ţţ׼
ţһ£ʱţѾ˾šһĶһƿߣֱ֮࣬ţһ
һһǺεȿֲⷽСǧ磬ûħնɱҲûǧþԪ̫Զ̫ƶ񤣬ȥֱ˷ѡ
ˣⷽСǧеģȫɱƿͳһƿص硣
ţȰҲֻǡȷ֮һˡ
ţڵȴΪСǧֻǸոײСǧҲתĹҲСǧ籾Դڻġ˵ָߵ͡˫ųŶԷ³˶ߣҪȵ߳ȶܹ
ǵȿֲĹ籩Խţų׽ɱ

ಣ
УһӰӿռͨ˳һ絽˾޴ġߡǰ
ַ徲վյУԶǸߣʵ̫Ӵˣڰڶһ㣬˿
ǣȫͬĹڻɱţγɵĹ籩ַеļ¡
һ̤У¶Σա
Ҫַ֪ǰ𣬶Ҳͨİ
ڣַ壬ﵽսĳ̶ȣǱޣַʵʮ࣬ħѹεĳɹ
ֻǣ񶨽ʯ籾ԴȫһˣַյʵҲΪΣƼնɱĴʮλߵԵʡ
ֻǣսַܴ˿İȫУСǧײγɵĿַ嶼ļµĸо
£սʲô
ַ峢ţڽƿߣڽ֪жٸˣҲ಻ʤ
ӰεĽѸٵĳŶȥ
أ
ո죬û̫ߣͱֲĽ籩˺ƬͬʱӰ쵽ַڵĽ
ľ𵴣Ȼɢ
һĻַޱ𺳣


1532 ֮˷磡
ʧһʵַ˵û̫ʧַս˵һˣʮҲʲô
ȴַʶСǧĿ¡ĽСǧĹֱ֮һ㡣
ѵǽ
ַԺһͷ
ַʵӴʱԸʱַԿĽǱСǧ˾ųǾţֻʣһ
ȻɺǿʵѾ㲻ĽˣҲ£ַԽ˴ԤС
ڣַӴСǧĹȫɱʱɢһСǧȫƴɱǿĽڽ
ǰ½ֻһ˿˿Ҳַڼġ˵ڼˣҲ޿κΡ
ַֻܾĵȴţСǧײ࣬ôھ£߻ԽԽ󣬵󳹵ȹ̡
Ǹʱ򣬾ܹɵĽˡ
ŹŰƺһʱ䣬ַţǷ뿪ȥһСǧײĵط
ˣ
ȻСǧĿƺһӾһ࣬񱩵ĹŰľɱšһΣƺֳʤַо籩ļСǧҲ𶯣ߵĹһʧˡ
ţʧˣ
ַһݣܸоСǧĹƺʧˡȻַûӰ죬ƿҲûӰ졣
ʲôѹƣƿһǡƿֵزΰн򣬸ᱻѹơ
Сǧ绹ǧ磬ȫˡ
СǧĹɢҲȶСǧҲʧһƺֶָǰģ
ǸڵĶȴˣһвûлָԭڿĺ棬һȻͬСǧ硣
ಣ
ʱƿ߳ˣһȫ˶Χ
𣿡
ȷǺ鷳ˣǰ֮ǰĴַʧˣնɱˡ
ײаǸոյõϢԭΪĴ𣬼ʮ̤ƽԪ˲׾٣ȴǴ۾һ˷ɱ
Ԫ˵ĵɲ⣬̶ʱ䣬ͽ̶ֳȣǲ˼顣
ЩߣַĿ⣬Щɵ
ǰĽߣǸ߸ϵ̬ȣ·еСǧƿߡַɱĽߣûЩ߸ı̬ȣת
һΣЩߵ̬ȲԼͬľͶıˡϾһַʵ̫ݡˣ̫ײˡĴʮʶӣʮôӴݣǵħԪ֣Ҳֵס
Ϊַһˣһжһ񣬴ܿ䣬ȫûûһλ߻롣
ַ̫ʢЩٽҲСַ塣
ַĿЩɨһۣûˡ޷ֹЩߵģӽ쿪ʼ鷳Ҫˡ
һ¿ͨʱ򣬾пǿ٣ַгԹһЩҲǲǿ١
ҲǲܣϾСǧײԪǰַֻСǧļԪ٣ʵϣһԪٱôǻ᳹СǧļԪ١
ʱ򣬻γǰδеļԪ٣ɽȫûΪһҡ
ˣжˣ
ȻǵĿⶼĹעſǽǴҪռȻɽµĲ֡
ô˽СǧͷǳҪˡ
ַҲĶǸҲ֪ӿľʲôˣ
䣡
Сǧ΢΢һ𣬶߶ھҵšͬʱһֻ޴ĽţӶп˳ͬʱһͺ
һˣͷ˫ǣȫһţͷˣӶ˳ϵƷǳֲɢѪĵϢ
ǣй֮ŽһСǧ磬˷ɢȥ
ᣬţ֮񣡷֮˷磬赲֮ߣ
ţ죬ųţ֮һ̤ͱȫƺƺƵ޼ɵͷ˳ȥΧΪһƬƵġ
нߣɫ΢΢һ䣬ֲֿѹ֮£ǾȻҲЩֲסļ
ϾͷİԳţ֮ߣһǿ


1533 ţ֮սǺһ䣡
䣡
ţ֮һ̤Ŀ磬һ۾ɨڶĽߡȴû˿ĶݣԵ÷ǳƽ
ɣţţ̤ƽ˷磬׸
ţ֮Įһ֣ĿУ͵ľͳһҫ۵ĹâţһɹɿµƱеͳź
磬׸
һӿдһشһݺݵġҡ˵ͷЩ˶ýߣǧʶҲ𣬷·𲻸Լ۾ǰһĻ
ֻǸУɳһһţͷÿһţͷˣƺһ𣬿νǾеľ
ԺСǧ磬ңݺ޵С
˭뵽һСǧ統УȻܳ˿µ
ǵ˭
ѵĳǧû˵λ£һȺţͷ
ֲֲ̫ˡһŨɷĶ࣬ţ֮֮£ֲ
ཱུ߶һݣƺãѾǵƿطΧǰֵģҲõһô
ڿʲôôһ൱Σյ¡
ǾⷽСǧƿߣʵ̫ˣܸܵŨԴϢôԴǾȻ˷ˣ֪ãʵǱϸ
ţ֮һץ̾ͳһӣޱȵľ޴ɢһ˿˿⡣棬Щһӡ
أ
Щߣ·һܵ˾ѹһȻ˲䱬ѿǧƺסţ֮һ
һ˲䣬˲أʮλߣʹ䣬Ϊ˻ҽ
󵨣ҵǧɸҷ
ǷˣȺţͷˣֱˡ
Ͻ֪ͨ£б䣬뾡콵°ڣӦǧҪѹ
ཱུ߶ֻˣǵʵ඼ǰǧҲ١
ǰЩӣǻĴʮ
ʵԪ˶ҪǿˣȻ㶥˵ϾЩУʱûа
ǧ
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ʱ߶ֵȥһҽ˷ոţ֮һ֣پϰλ߱նɱ
ţ֮ľٶַ嶼Щ˼顣Щߣһıǧַ御ܴɱ䣬ཱུߡҲнΪУԵ޹ǨŭЩߡ
ţ֮ƺĵߣ·һ޲ܽǧĽ߶ͳͳնɱɾ
ַЩ߿ûʲôøУȻֵţ֮նɱҲûзɶţ֮ľ裬ţ֮Լţţһǡԡʮ㣬ⷽСǧ磬ɲΪնɱߡ
ĿģⷽСǧ磡
Ҳ
ţ֮˿ûзŹַ˼ƺƵ֮ˮһ㣬ַϯȥֻǡҲ൱ֲʮҲѵֵ
ַһ˿âʱѾ֪ЩţˣҪⷽ磬һдۡ
Σճ̶ȣֱħҪ¡
ԪַڴˣЩȥ
ַƣӭźƺƵ֮һġ
¡
֮𵴣ɿֲֻ֮ನ͵ƽ˷Բ֮أ֮ǰӵӣһನͲ֪Ҫ˶
ȲεĴڣ½ֻǽֵನһ޷ֵġ
ţ֮һ𣬾޴Ȼһžɵ˼
ৣ
ţ̧֮ͷȻĶַ壬·𲻸Ƶġ
Ҳǽߣ
ţ֮˼סκĶַ塣
ַĿ⿴һţ֮漴ҡҡͷǽߣ˼ԪԪϺ𣡴˷Сǧ磬ҵȳɵ֮أݲŰߣѰͬȹԪ֮Ȼӭֻ֣˷Сǧ磬˵ãֻɱ¾ˣ
ַ廰£ϵϢҲͷ˳
ͷһ磬Ӵ֮·Ϣһ㣬ţ֮Ҳ̲סɫ΢䡣
ǰ𣬼пǺһİǿ
սǺͣţ֮һ֮䣡


1534 ̤ţţ
ţ֮һۺֿһЩǧĽߣ漴˵˷磬Ȼ֮ǧ罵ߡȴѾ˵ˡơ
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ţ֮ЦˣЦſַ壬һͱַסˣϾţ֮񣬼Сǧ統Уڡ£Ҳˣȷ棡
ڸո̤һƿߣλ᲻𾪣
ţ֮񲻸ΥοѾַƣǾ͸ˡ
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ַͷϸֳһ磬һ޴Ļ֮أب֮С
һɹɿֲ֮ȫ˻֮ϣ·ڱȣǵأţ֮ţŶС
ţ֮ҲѸ˷Ӧŭһţţս
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ţţһˣһšڣžͱˣȫһǿĶһص϶ɡ
ţ֮͵һӽ뵽ţм䣬ƺ۵Сһɹɿֲۣ֮ȻԽ֮ڷ֮ں
һͷθӴţӰţŵϿաַ֮˲伤һţ֮ںһǿ
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֮󣬼ֱ󣬵ȴصķţŵֵסַһַûȫһûжãֵܹסַһõʲô취Ҳܿɹˡ
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ַǸĿЩԥ
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ţ֮һֱᵽġǺεǿĴڣ᲻ᣬ
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ַǡɷЩ߶ַǰˣַĿЩ߾Ȼľսĸо
ԭǧ绹Сǧеƿߣп־ʵ΢ͻ־壬½ֻһĿ⣬־塣
ַԥǲǽսЩһ򾡡վûиж£û塣
Сǧ໥ײǿ׾ٵҵСǧλãӶͨ
ٽЩǧĽɱˣҲ޲ʲô壿
ǣַֻǿһЩߣ漴ӰһѾ˿ռͨУռ뿪ˡ
ʣµĽǣ˿ĸо
ղ̫ѹˣǲӹһ٣
ӦǣҸղŸӦɱ
ʲôʱЩýߣȻ䵽˵ز뽫һ򾡣⡭
ʵˣԺǵ͵һɣȵͨͺˡڣǻĵȰɡ
̾ȴҲ֪˲Ϣ䣬ڲЩ߳ʱֻܵ͵¡


1535 İ취
ţţˡ
һСǧ統УһֺĹ֮У·СǧģɢŻֺ롢ʥϢ
ţŰˣǻ԰ټƵľţңвǧľţԸΪȷ棬̤ƽǷ磡
һͷŽɫëľ޴Գϥڵأ͸¶һ˿ս⡣
ϣϷ·һ˿òȴû˸ڡǰ
ܳһʱڣѪɱ¾Ĵʣһ仰Ϳޱߵɱ¾
СǧײЩçײˡ˽ȥɣţӰ֮ȥɣó䣬¶Ķһ㶼޷֡ȵپһĶ
տ˵
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ɫԳﲻ˵ʲôȥ
Զգ·ڵţСǧ磬ܻôСǧ籾Դܺͽһʽˣʯ³ΪαҲܱһֱСǧǻǰҪöˣһΣʧ
ͳӰҲʧ١

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Ԫϣôˣ
ַ֪ǰСǧײĵطļ٣½յϢ΢
ƱлҪӡ
ַ忴һ漴ҡҡͷƽˣ
ֻһ仰ʹı۾֪Ԫ˵ĺӵͷˡԭΪܹ׽ħ⣬ܹһΰȵӡ
٣Ӧܱǧƽǧʱۣѹ籾Դ붨ʯ˵ַͻƵǧɴΪ
أ
ոսħãСǧȴײˣûиԪ˶ٰʱ䡣
Сǧ磬ȷ룬һҲܱ֤ǻ᲻֣ʱעˣһСǧ磬ôˣ
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ԪΪСǧİƿŰСǧ磬鱨ԴҲкܶ࣬Сǧڷ£һ
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ȻĵģԽǻҵСǧ磬Щ߾ԽϲǽٵҲһкܶࡣ
нߣǧҲһ¿ͨ
ַüͷʵȸӵƣҲоЩδӦСǧӿǿߣͬʱӦЩǧĽߣǸӦ
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ַһ뵽˼ԪܹȳԪĻǻڼԪ˵ѹûôˡ
ʱ򣬼ԪһСǧ磬ַһСǧ磬ԪܱƽȡҪȳԪٵС
ǣַڻǺңԶ
ˣʱ䣬Ԫռ籾Դ붨ʯ
ַĿڴ
Ҳ˵ͷջǲԪ˼Сǧɨһգħȫɱʮڷ籾Դ⼸ȫˣõ籾ԴѺˡ
ڶʯһռкܶ࣬ϰڿŶʯ
ַǰһû뵽Ԫ˵ջǴ󡣲籾ԴǶʯǶʯϰڿš
Щʯų϶ͨʯڶַ࣬ţܳİûʲô⡣
ʱַʵ̤ǧڼˣ
ָӡϾ֮£ôʵȻһֵο¡ַҲ⼸ĿǰСǧļˡ
ʱ仹ַ̫̫̣꣬弸籾ԴԼʯչһա
һΣжʯҲû㹻籾ԴˣϾħնɱֻʣһЩǵħڶأʲô壿
ǧ𣬼ַڶ̶̼ܴﵽļޣ
ƺַЩǳһҧƸӣһ취ֻǰһֱû˵ҵ֪˹ԪһЩϢãлᡣ
ʲô취
ַĿַȱ籾Դȱʯʲô취
ԪҵԪ𣬻ԪҪĶʯԼ籾ԴͶܽˡ
һҧ˵һַ嶼ֵİ취


1536 ѰҼԪ
ҵԪ𣿡
ַҡҡͷԪԼѹħ棬ȥοҵΣҲ޷뿪߱ѵħ棿ǿɾһħˣƸ⡣
ַЩ쿪ˡƵȷܽţٽţҲûгһλ
Ժܻ𣬵ҲǿܣҲԺ¡һųħ棬ǿɾͲԺˣǼٵϾ顣
˵Ҫųħ棬ԪԸ⣬¼ԪҲͬ⡣ֻϣԪȥѰҼԪҵԪ𣬾ϣüԪռֱȻԪҲ󲿷ֱﶼ˼Ԫˣ֪Ԫռ˴ĶʯвĸƷʶǶʯ
˵ַǰһ˼Ҳ˵ҵԪȻõԪеĴʯ籾Դ
⵹ȷһ취Ԫַ֪Ϊϵƿˣû֮һΪϵƿߡ
ӵһԪʼԪѾ˰˴μԪ٣߹޾£СǧĻʯ
˵ûжʯַ嶼š
෴Ԫп϶дʯǶǶʯϾԼԪݵλҲֻЩƷʵĶʯԪע⣬Ӷռ
ҵԪֽܣżԪҲһЩʯ籾ԴϾַԪˣСǧΨһϣ
ֻǣַҲҪҵԪ𣬺Ѻѡ
ѵ֪ԪĶҼǵãԪʧǰжеϵ˭ҲԪˡ
ҡҡͷҵȷ֪ԪԪ֮жϵҲһЩħǰȥӪȰɣΪԷһɴжϵһѹħ档Ԫ߱ˣкܴܣ߿ռͨС
߿ռͨſֲѹԪһֱ棿
ַЩɣ˲֪߿ռַͨȴпռ̣֪֮߿ռͨڣ̺ŵĿֲѹַ壬Ҳһֱ߿ռ֮ͨС
˲ԣ߱ȴһԣʵ֮ǰ߱һֱ߿ռ֮ͨУҲȫĵط
ַ˼ȷ߿ռͨ˵ȫĵطû߿ռҲ޷߿ռͨ
Ԫϣпռ̰֮ɣ
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ַһ£ʵӵпռ̣֮Ѿʲôˣ֮ǰڶƿǰʩչռ̣֮߿ռͨ
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Ǿ̫ˣпռ̣֮ͿԽ߿ռͨڣ˵ϣҵ߱ӶҵԪԪѾǼԪ˵ԪϣֻҪҵԪһõԪΡԪΨһڶʱڣѸʵĻᡣ
ַ
˵ȷһ취֮£Ŷʯ籾Դַѹһա
ꡢǧʱ䣬뿿żԪչ籾Դ붨ʯ²̫ջҲ˵ַᱻԴƣ޷Ѹٵʵ
ʱ򣬱˵Ϊڵƣַ嶼޷Ӧˣַֻ辶ðս߿ռͨѰҼԪ
ַЩĶΨһİ취ЩԥСǧľƣԪ˺Ӧ
Ƹӣʱ뿪ʵڲġ
ַɵģַ֮ǰɱ䣬նɱĴԼʮߣЩѾ˳ޡ
Сǧײַ廹һСǧȷ棬СǧƿߣҰĲʮ㡣
ַ뿪ˣԪô죿
ҲַĵģûоôҲʮ𣬵ַУȴ·޷һ档
ڵľҲȷˣʮĲʲô
ãʮʱ䣬ǾʮΪڣ±ٲԼԪ˳ԱӦ֧ʮʱ䡣ԪʮڣҵԪ𣬵ʱٷرǡ
Ҳ˳ŵ
ãʮڣûҵԪĳ
ĳŵַҲ¶˾ģ׼ǰ߿ռͨȥѰҼԪ
˵ӦȥѰϣѰҼԪ˵ϣѰСǧϣ


1537 Χʱݣ
ڱĽУַ徲վ
ԪϣǵԪܲľλã˵ǵԪֵλá
ָǰ˵
ʵϣѾʲôûˡڵļԪַܲҲжţ֪һ
Ԫܲ߱߱ƺλһֱûй̶λáԪԼѹħ棬ʧⲢζţԪ⸽ҲȨһ
ȥɡ
ַ˵
漴ַó˿ռ̣֮ռַ̣֮ԴӵõʵһֱûôʹùҲֻʹ˼ΡĿǰʣδĻᡣ
ǰַϣռ̣֮߿ռֻһֱδԸ߿ռҪҲǳѣǼԪõ˿ռ߱Ҳһֱδռ
ˣַҲͲǿ
ԵˣȻǻԵδǿҲ޷ռ
߿ռͨ
ַ弤˿ռ̣֮ʱӿռ֮ɢһȦȦ˲ڽУա
Լɼһڰ֮ͨС
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һǿסĵļϣԪһ˳Ȼأ
ַ˵Ͷ漴ӰһԾѾѸٵķɽ߿ռ֮ͨУӰҲʧӰ
ַʧӰɫأһҧʮʱ䣬Σóסʮʱ䣡
֪ʮʱ䣬»ѰȴͦסַĳŵҲΣ
ৣ
ַһյУ뵽߿ռͨոս룬͸оһɿֲѹƺʱ޿̶ѹַ塣
ڵַ壬ӵ磬Ҳ޷ܡʱ޿̵ĿռѹǰַԵúС
ˣ
ڿռ̣֮һâַϣ߿ռͨѹˣַֻԼܵռͨڵѹȴ֮ǰоڽ򶼻ᱻѹ
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ַ߿ռ֮ͨУĿȥȴܿյһƬƺʲôûУκιûС
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ַʩչʱ侲ֹֻǾֹסСΧ򣬹ȻƬ;ֹסˣȻַž޴ѹȴ֤ʵˣ߿ռͨУʱҲá
ʱռйУأǿֹ򡣹Ȼͬһ㣬ַҲŽڽ򣬶һʩչһ⣬ͳͳûκã·һӶ߿ռͨʧһ
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ַȻһΣС˿ռ֮ϣƺ΢𶯣ռ֮ϵСϣâڲϵ˸š
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ǸʱַҲΣա
ô˵ҵʱ䲻ˣ
ַüͷȫûԤϵֱʡϸ룬ַʹÿռ֮ʱҲǴռ䣬û߿ռд೤ʱ䡣
Ȼ֪ԭ߿ռͨУҲҪĴ
տռ̺֮ĿռַԤһӣֻ֧סһµʱ䡣ַδĻᣬҲζţ״̬£Ҳֻµʱ䡣
£ҵԪ
ַûκΰգֻײûڣҵԪַͱ뿪߿ռͨˡ
ץʱ䣬ѰҼԪ𡣡
ַͷ̸жԸⵢʱ䣬ʵַʵѾܸܵ߿ռͨڲͬ
˵ܹǱоܶ߿ռһЩ⡣ڣȴû˼ȥоˣ˵иҪ¡
ǾѰҼԪ
߿ռͨڣһַѰҼԪҲûκηûκα־ȴ޾ĹôѰң
ˣʱݣ
ַһԺһ⡣ַ뵽ʱ򣬼Ȼʱ߿ռͨʹãַʱ򣬿ʼʱݣӶѰҵԪټ
Ԫʧ߱棬ֻҪڸֹôʱݺַһܹע⵽
ǣַɴָķΧʼ˴Χʱݡ
ʱݣ
ַһ֣ʱεʱ˷ɢס˷ԲķΧôķΧַ廹ûгԹʱݡ
ַѽȣ磬ֻʱݣʵַĸɷǳС
ǣַǰԲﷶΧƺڿʼݡ


1538 ߿ռ䱦
ʱ⣬ƺȽɣַʱķΧܴ󣬵ַĸɣҲȷĺС
ʱⲻϵĻݣַĿתĶķΧκεĶע⡣ֻǣƬ߿ռͨƺһ㲻䣬ʱ䣬ܶ˿ı仯
ˣַ岻ϵĻݣȴ涼ûκεı仯һ㲻߿ռַͨҲΣֻĻʱ⡣
ʮꡢʮꡢһꡭ
ģַѾʱ򣬽ƬռݵǰѾĽӽ˵Ԫʧʱ䡣
ܲҵԪټַҲֻܾΪȥҵԪټ
ֻǣʱƣַԽԽʧûзּԪκټ
ѵԪû⴦򣿡
ַҲЩˣ߿ռ䱦Դ߿ռ֮ͨУһǴʧһĿռ֮ͨڡ
ַ岻ϵĻʱ⣬һֱûмԪӰַѾЩɼԪûеƬˡ
ַ׼ʱʱȻԼʱУһ޴ĸ
߿ռ䱦ˣˣȻ
ַкܼҵ߿ռ䱦ټǣַݣȻϸ߱ӦڿռͨдʧӰ
ֻҪҵ߱һ˿ټǾͺˡ˵߿ռ䱦ֹ
ǣַʱݵķΧֻҪʱݶĸɲ̫ôַܲϵݷΧȻҵ߱ټ󣬾ֵ߱һΪģΧʱݡ
ǿһ൱İ취ַҵ߱ټһ·׷Ѱ˹ȥ
߱ڿռͨУƺĿĵķţ˵ӦǡƯţ沨߿ռ֮ͨУ·û˲ݡ
Ҳֻ߿ռ䱦ܹһֱ߿ռͨдţĻ𶼳ܲס
ȻҲܱ߿ռֱͨӴ߿ռͨзصСǧ統С
ַ˵һռ̵֮ˣûСǧ磬ˣ뾡ܸڿռ̵֮ǰҵԪ𣬲ҷصСǧ硣
Ļַ廹ܲܰȫķصСǧ磬ǿɾ˵ˡ
ʱƣַоռ̵֮ԽԽˣʣδᣬ¾ҪĴ
һ졢졢졢ʮ졭
ַҪʱݣˣÿһͣϺܳһʱ䣬ҲƽٶȱȽ
ټ߿ռ䱦ĿĵġƯ˭Ҳ֪ļȶ·ߣˣַֻһȥѰңʱ͸ˡ
תۼ䣬һʱȥռ֮ϵһӽϨ
ˣ
εѹ˲ַϣַΪϰڿŶʯڵÿʱÿ̶ڵʵҲÿʱÿ̶Щס˿ֲĿռѹ
ЩռѹЩסοַ塣
֮£ַֻּ˿ռ̣֮ʹһδĻᣬǿס˿ռѹ
ַֻһµʱˡڽʣһʱڣҵԪַͱ÷Сǧ硣
ַ嵱Ȼľô޹üӿٶȣһҪҵԪ
üӿٶˡ
ַǳĽǣֽƸУɲһº޹ǣʱݵٶٴμӿ죬ֻҪ׽߿ռ䱦Ļ棬һʱȥѰңȡҵһЩ˿
ܿ죬µʱȥַʱʱջݣ߿ռ䱦ֵĻҲԽԽˣָо߿ռ䱦ƺҪҵˡ
ˣ
ȻҲ֪ʲôطַĿռ֮ո׼ʩչʱݣͷֿռ֮һ΢𶯡
ⲻַĻŭţռ֮춯˵ʲô̺ſռıݴƲ⣬п߱ڵټ
ǣַӿٵѰңڣڵʮ죬ַҵ߿ռ䱦һƬڵ߿ռ֮ͨУ߿ռ䱦·沨һ߿ռͨĿĵġƯš
ַ尴סĵļϸ۲һ߿ռ䱦ƺûκεĲֻ֮ǣ߿ռ䱦ڣҲûκεϢƺҲûƿء
ַСĽһЩԪԼѹħ棬˭֪ʲôһСǳħ棬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
۲һַҲûʲô̫ķ֡ǣҲԥһ߿ռ䱦ǰǰ߱
ַ岻ǵһο߿ռ䱦ˣЩ
漴ַ˿˼Ԫ˳ԱܼԪԪ֮УѰ
ַƺƵ߿ռͨлصš


1539 جģ
ַ嶢ſռͨе߱ڿռͨлص
ֻǣʱƣ߿ռ䱦ڣ·ûκλӦֻǾĴ߿ռ֮ͨУһ
ַ岻֪߱ڵҲǣһһΣĺţʹ֮͵߱ܣϵĻصš
ַʲô취߱ƺûκζ
ѵԪˣ˵ԪΪѹħ棬Ѿ˥Ӧ⣿
ַ岻֪ǲµ߱һֱûлӦȴһ⡣ҵ߱ȴ޷߱ǲЦ
ַüͷ׼ȡһĶʱȻ߱ĴţȻһӴ򿪣ַ΢΢һ㶡
Ȼ߱ĴѾˣַҲͲԥѸٵķ˽ȥ
ಣ
ַɽ߱ƺһƬ뵽˺ڰСԼһƺҪַ塰͡һط
ַ룬Ҳûпܣס뿪ܹס߱ҲֻмԪˣַоΪԪȻΌܡ
ৣ
ַ屻͵һҵУ۾һ۾Ϳϥڵϵһӡ
۾һַĵҲû۾
ַȴ˿пϲ
ݼ
ǰӣȻַεĿ꣬Ԫ
ַϸĴżԪʵȻַ嵱Ϊ˼Ԫ˳ԱȴûмԪֻ˵ڼԪִ˵Щ˵ҲַԺйճһ
ƺǰࡣ
ǰļԪ𣬽üĿĲ࣬ȴǳֱͦϥڵϣҲֱͦ·ͬһ
ңԪϵϢȻޣܵĻΪһ壬ѷֱ˴ˡӦǼԪ𣬳׽Լ߱Ϊһ壬ʹ߱Ϊ˼Ԫı
ֱȻܹķӳܳˮƽӡʩչҲʹָǳķ㣬ͷ·һ֡
ͬģһ˱Ǿһپһƿȫһַûбʵǵһ㡣
ַڽ򣬸֮Լ
Ԫ𻺻۾һַǼԪ˳Ա
ԣҳΪԪ˳Աá
ַûκ
ᰡϢһμԪٶûоֻǣʱ
Ԫҡҡͷгϧ
һƽ׽ˣûκηâַôҲ벻ִƼԪˣѹħļԪ𣬻ƽ׽ˣЩͨƿߡ
ַҲԪͨ
ҴǴԪˣϣܹؼԪˣִ֣ڵСǧ磬ˡ
ǣַ㽫Сǧƣϸ˵˳Сǧײɨħȵȡ
ֻǣԪɫȴɺƽƽûκεķӦ
ãԪŻڵ߱Ȼ߿ռͨȻ߱һѹħ棬£֪һַ壬׸ħ㹦ûңǼԪΨһϣСǧΨһϣֻǣ̫ˡ
ԪƺѾʧȥɣϵҡͷϧ֮ɫ
̫٣ǡ
ַĻԪֱӴϣ㲻ף㲻׾Ѿ񻯵ʲô̶ˡСǧײײСǧĿռ䣬߿ռͨܵӰ졣
֮߿ռ䱦ѹħ棬Ϊ߿ռ֮ͨڣܹ߱ԴԴϵĽ߿ռѹħ档һܼʱ䣬Сǧײ߿ռͨ߿ռһ̶ܵˡˣѾ޷ѹħʱˡ
ַ죬ȴֹ
ôҲ벻Сǧײغ
ѹħ೤ʱ䣿ǧꣿ߼ꣿ
ַЩɵʵ
Ԫҡҡͷ̾һܣҲֻѹħʱˡûԤϵСǧײҲûԤϵħиӼ֡ʱ䣬ħ¾ͻ
ʱ䡭
ֱجģһʱ䣬ַܳءСǧѾΪײߵȵŪһ⡣
ַ嶼޷ƿؾơ
ħǺֱ롣
ѵûа취ˣ
ַʵڲģʱ䣬ַٶٿ죬Ҳ𣬸ӲħĶ֡
һħҲòżԪˣħ֮վǼԪ˵ĩգ


1540 ŸԪĻۣ
ˣħƹض޷ѹ೤ʱˣͬŸԪҲʼ޷õһǶʯ޷ΪһҲ֪еĿģΪԴɣ

ַֹĿĵȷΪԴܹͬʱȳԪȻáοõԴҲΪܹǲΣȻپȳԪ
ڣһжûˡԪѹħ棬ڣħͿѼԪѹ
ʱ򣬼Ԫ¾ͻ䣬ַõٶԴҲû취ȼԪ
뵽ַ΢һɫӵĿżԪ
ǷǳԪģǵһμԪ𣬵ͺδһַûиоκεĲʡ
ĿżԪ̤ԨַȴΪȻܲġ
ಣ
Ԫһ֣ǰʮۼɢž˹򲨶ĶʯʮŶʯ̫ˣַ壬̲סݡ
ʮŰڼĶǶʯȫ£ԪнҵõĸƷʶʯһЩ츳ɫƿߣֻϧҲŽֻǴﵽʮΣԶԶûдﵽޣ˵Ϊˡ
ԪƺЩʧ
ַʮŶǶʯȻԪĵʧԪԼԪӦǼ˺ܴϣ
ϣԪˣܹ൮һЩǧûмԪôԪҲǿܹһ棬ִ֡
ֻϧԪ˵ڶԪϣüԪʧˡ£ǿ಻ʮˡ
һûУЩʯԪȻҲûüͳȥһֱڣȴַ塣
ţŶʯڵǿŶʯǶԼԪ˵Ǽ˺ܴϣڿ¶ԶԶҲһɡ
ԪһŶʯ
ַ忴Ŷʯ󣬻ȴƲס
ŶʯۼԶһĶʯҪӴЩڼĶʯҲһԶŶʯ
ΪǧڼĶʯġƷǶʯڴ˵еǶʯ
Щʯַ֪Ԫһֱڵȴһֱδѣһж׼׵ˡ
ֻżԪĵһЩţһЩǿߣᾡȫԷΪѷɫĶ۷
ֻϧһֱȵڣԪûܵȵڴƿߣǵȵַ塣ˣЩʯҲͳͳַ塣
ַĳȣԵúܼ
ܣһֻӼԪеõʮŶʯʮŶʯȴСǧ磬ԪУǿʯ񶼱Ԫһһռȫַ塣
ôĶʯȫַ֧Ϊǧ۷ǧַҲõȴʱ䣬ȥѹζʯˡ
Щʯ㹻ˣ
Щʯַ˵ҵ㹻籾Դһ⡣
ৣ
Ԫһӣٴó˴籾Դ
Щ籾Դǧڷݡ˴μԪ٣ħռ˴󲿷֣ĻõǶʯЩ籾ԴͻƳΪ𣬵ڿõѡ񡣡
ԪĻ䣬ûκαѹ׵籾ԴֱӸַ塣
ַܼԸӵĵز
Ԫ𾿾жٿŶʯ籾Դֱ˿̣Ǿûһ
ǧ࣬ԪչеĶʯ籾ԴڼԪǧڷ籾ԴԼʮŸƷʵĶǶʯǰôĲ԰
ƺַ嵽ڲһӡѡվǰĲͨƿߣǧԶԶ硣
˰˴μԪ٣൱չ˰˸ԪԴȫַ壬ȫַ塣
ջѾԶԶַԤϡ
ЩۺԴΪǧ𼸺׾٣ǳΪҲȫûϣ
һΣַĿˡ𡱵ϣ翵ġ򡱡ˡ·ֻҪȥһܺܿΪ
ַԪһݵַлΪ
Ԫȴҡҡͷ㱨ȥɣȥɣֻҪܸԪȡһܸСǧ綼ȡһҾͺοˡ
һ̸ף
ַȴĬĬļżԪԼɪӰĵЩ̡ƼԪΰڣΪСǧ飬˾ŸԪѵĿżԪһ³
ҪħΣҲȫûа취
Ȼַתͷҧޱأն˵


1541 ħ棡
ԪĿַ壬ƺҪַ塰
а취Ըħ棿
ԪǲŵģȻַ֪ƿߡϣΪǽˡ
ǵһԪڶԪַ嶼аٷְܹΪмϣΪ
߱Ϊַ屣ݻַһδεĶȹԪ٣ȻһԪһԪĻۣһգڵھŴμԪУַлСǧ籾ԴӶΪĽ
ֻǣһжҪʱ䡣
ַڵڶԪԪҲܳԪ۵ʱ̫٣޷Ϊ
ڣַ嶼˵ھżԪĩڣʱΣΪ𶼺ѣ˵ˡ
Ԫ𼸺һ۾Ϳַ壬֮Դڿ϶޷Ϊ𡣶޷Ϊ𣬾޷ֹħ
ַ˵Ԫ𣬻ûа취ֹħ𣬵֣һ˿ϣ
֣
ԪҡҡͷͲ֪ħ澿жǿҲ֪ǴǺεȵΰ
˵գԪһ֣ܻãƺһӾ뿪ңһߵĿռ䡣߱Ŀռ֮ڣԪ߱ڵһУˣϢĽַתƣַҲȡ
ַ彫Ŀ⼯ǰյУһƬĿУԼһʯһʯߴ󣬻ڣ飬֮С
𡭡
һͳŭ쳹ڿռ֮Сַ̧ͷȥſһױȵӴֱַ޷˫ǳɢ׺ѪȵϢƣַϢĸо
ħ棿ħ𣿡
ַƺ뵽ʲôɫһ䡣
Ԫ鸴ӣ˵ͷħ棡ħƿ߲һһħħħ۵˼㡣ǼԪ٣ħӲ޷ٵħ޷ɱħ档
ԪһСһʲôٺ٣СǧײǧѷĻᶼˣԪ˵ѾҰ֮ڣһܴ߱عɡץס㣬̵Ϊħϣ
ħ棬㱻ѹȴܸӦһЩСǧײǸħϲ
ַ˿Цħ棬Ȼôţʲô֪֪ͽͽǣЩħѾɨһˣħİСǧ磬ҼԪռˡ
ţ
ħɫ΢΢һ䣬ۡ
ʵʱѾоˣûиӦκħϢУҲ΢΢
Ϊħ棬Ҳʶܳˣֻûȷϰˡ
ڣַĻħûн֪ħıɨһˡ
ħɭɭĿ⣬Ķַ壬䣺סˣͽͽĸѲϵٺ٣ҪһħûҲҪԪ£ͳͳữΪһҡֻҪϷڣħͲ𣡵ȵϷٽǼԪͳͳ˱ǡ
ħƺҲʹˣħ˽֮οħ棿ܹΪԼУСǧˡ
ħȫҲ޷ħκθС
ԪҡҡͷҲˣħ档ײСᡢǿҲǿֻѹˣʲô취Ըħ棿
ַȷˣһʯƺ߿ռ䱦һħʯ֮ϡ
ÿʱỵ̈һǿħ档
ֻϧħ첻κ˺ֱӲڹǣ޿κΡ
ħôʵһԡ
ַһ˵
ţʲô˼
ַı飬Ԫһξƺ͸ַˣѵַûпħжǿ
ˣַɾϣ
ϣ㾡ȫħ档ΪҿԳԳ׽סħ棬ûκη൱ڻӣֻҪȫС˵ħ棬Ǿʹϣ
ַĻüԪӾɲˡ
ħ棿
ԣ׼
ַһʵҲûʲô̫İա֣ȥ취ôĿżԪ־Ȼȵĳһ죬ħʵɨԪˡ
ַ޶ã
ˣҪʲôȥһԣҲҪʲô


1542 Ϊǣ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַ״̬һ̣˿Ĵ⣬ΪԵĲͨƿߣҲͨħħ棬һλǴڣ
ħ𣬼ͬһСǧǿߣСǧУǿҲˡ֮ϣһΪ˽Ǿͻ뿪ܶСǧ統С
Ϊΰ̫ǿʲôСǧˣǴڣΪСǧǿսǰħ棬վСǧ۷壬Ԫӵ߿ռ䱦κβħ档
ˣ
Ӱεʱסħ棬ʱħѾܵˣĿ¶һ˿֮ɫ
⡭ʱ򣿡
ħĲ˼飬ʱϣȴħһ󱻳׽ס
ַأ
ɫܲÿڲţڽе磬·𶼳ܲסȿֲĸɣ׷ױ
ֻаʱ䲻ħȴѾסˡ
ڣ
ԪĳȣѾ֪ˣʱַȻʱǺεȵ𺳣εȵ⣿
Ԫ̫ףʱζʲôˡַ⸱صģԪַ֪ž޴ѹħ棬ƺҲһӰĳΪˡӡ
ʱļԪȻ޶ԣǣˣһ־ȫΪ
Ԫƣʱ֮ͬڵˮһ㣬˲䱬ͬʱпֲĿռ·ͬεһ㣬иħ档
˿̵ħ棬ʱ򳹵׾ֹס޷ֻǿǲεħӲԪĹ
¡
ԪһƺݺħϣпռҲиħ档ħħȻıǿơ
Ҳ˶ѡ
ɱ棡ʱȻʱ򣬲˼飬ǲ˼顣ץ㣬ǧĽףпܽǧ磿
ħ»ָжʵ̫ǿַ޷ٳô޴ĸˡղżԪȫȷħħ𡣵Ҳֻ𣬵ħֲΣָҲǳֲ
һЩħ̾ͻָҲ˵ַʱ򣬾ֹסħ棬üԪͣĹ㹥ʮꡢ꣬¶޷ħܵ˺
ħĿֲ֮˾
ԪҡҡͷҲˣǸκβħ档ʱǿǽϹ򣡡
Ԫ˵ʲôֹ
ѯʹʱ£ʲô壿
ħ棬ֻץסַ壬סԼʱǸͲܣǴڣҲʱ
ΰĽܹӴַģʵħҲãǼԪҲգûõַʱܡ
еĵزǶ˵Ҫʲô
ʱ򣬲һԾΪǿ󣬵ЩΰĽȴԣ
Ҳ˵Ʋ˷ô
ַĬˣѾŬԪҲŬǣͷ·Ǵһ㡣
ȫûа취Խ˫Ĳʵ̫̫ˣԪ𼴱߿ռ䱦Ҳ޿κΣֻܽ߿ռͨе⻷ѹסħ档
а취ǻʱ䡣
ַȻ˵û־ǽҲ޷ַ־

ַ彫Ŀ˼Ԫ漴ʵɷ֪Ϊ𣿡
Ϊ𣿡
ԪҲڵţһ˿â
ַ⣬޵ķʸ෴Ҫغ̤ܲǵĲΡ
һֱַ嶼ǿֶΣչζʯ籾ԴȻڽе磬ʵ
ӵͨĶʮڡڡǧڡڵİַΪǧҲ׾٣ָտɴ
Ϊǧأûмޣ
ַ岻֪ʲôʱһ㣬ЩǧƿߣǼԪ˵ƿߣƺΪַ
Ԫ˴μԪ٣Ҳһ٣ϾǧڼԪСǧ籾Դ
ˣַһʡ
ΪʵĺðѾܾöûˣĸ򣬷ǳãֻǣѾûʱˡ
Ԫһַ壬ĿοͬҲ¶һ˿ź


1543 ֤
󣡡
ַ幧Ԫһ
Ԫ¶һ˿׷ɫ·ңԶĹȥúŻڵ緢õ߱Ծ޵Уܺ޼ɡֻǣ˼Ԫ٣ǧ罵һЩҲ֪ԼС֪
ҾͼΪֻǣɾǺҲǶʯԻȡ֪ΪǶʯôԻȡ͹ϵˡ
Ϊǣʵӵ磬ҲԳΪʮ硢ȵȣ㶼ԳΪϣֻҪǶ½ֻһڸ磬ҲܳΪ𡣡
ֻǣվۡϣʵ٣û̫ĹϵֻҪǶ𣬶лΪΪֳΪӵа֮õһСǧ߳ϣ֮ܵǾ˳µĳΪ𡣡
ַ۾¶֮ɫ
ǿ֮Ҳ˵ӵа֮ɾ𣬳˲⣬İ취õСǧĳϣ̾ܳΪ
ַд󺧣Щԡ
εõСǧĳϻ߰
ַʵ
Ҳ֪
Ԫֱ˵ҡͷƺϵǶʯţǶʯСǧ統УܹƷʵĶʯˡʯСǧĹϵʵǳĽܣСǧľֻһõǶʯǾζţлСǧ־ͨΪ𣬾ָտɴˣ
ַ˵ͷѹǶʯôƿߣǰ̣ҪõǶʯ
ԭһõǶʯǳΪĸʾͺܴˣֻҪʱ㣬綼ܳΪ
ôЩУʵҲûжǶʯ
ַţҲѾЩͨˡ
ԣЩǶʯΪնƿΪЧʵϣûжǶʯ෴ǷҪµƿߣϵһһСǧ磬Сǧ籾Դ⣬ʵҲδջһЩǶʯ
ַȻѹô١
ڽ£ĵλҲǳߣʵǿΪһһСǧ硣
Ϊ𱾾ͺ٣ҪǶʯϼѣ֮ס
Ƕʯѵ޷СǧĳϣΪˣ
ַ岻һϾĽǣǲҪʹǽʯģγΪ
Ȼа취
ԪĿһ˿ɫ˵ͨƿߣֻеõǶʯܳΪ𡣶ңõǶʯȻȻԼǰķ򣬿Ƕʯ綼ܹСǧĳϣֻʱˡ
ƿߣֻһ취ǾǱǿ粻Ǿǧ磬ǧ粻ǾһֱӡгһգƿߵѾﵽ˷˼ĵزһһܱСǧ綼𶯣ȻͳΪ߶֮Ϊ֤
֤
ַһϸ룬ƺ
ǿߣСǧУǾǶڣ۷Ѿ޿ɽˡǼԪ٣Ҳ԰ȻȹֻҪյļԪ٣׵Ķȹ
ˣ֮Ϊ֤ҲС
ͨƿߣֻлǶʯ൱ڡ֤ܹͨСǧг֤ͨˣСǧġ򡱣СǧġϡӶ֮߱
ȻϿ϶಻֮ͬһСǧĳϣôЩƿǣѸڽ򣬴Ӷ߱Ű֮Ϊ
ַƿأǸ޷ʹǶʯȻ޷Сǧġϡ͡
ǾֻȫԼԼֶΣͣĻ۵Сǧ綼еظСǧ綼евʱ
Сǧĳк壿
Ǹʱƿߣ𣬻ʵ𣬶ңڴϣ֤Ǽ֮ϡ
ĳЩġҲⷽСǧгɾ͵ǻ֤
ЩǶʯΪ𣬽ٵСǧ統УȻų⡣ȴ޷Сǧиġ֧֡
ȻȻսϣԶЩ֤ˣ֤ǰĸСǧ磬κӰ졣
ΪǲҪκСǧĳϣ


1544 ȫУ
֤һ֤лΪĳ󣡡
ַ鼤Ԫһ
ɲ֪ĳʶеķ򣬼Ϊ൱ڣΪַָһׯַܹĿׯ·ȥ
գΪ
ԭַ𣬻ɻĵطһֱһ֪⣬ͬäһʵԼ̽
ڣַȴ֮·ʡȴ๦·
Ƕٸ磿
ַԪʵ
ԪҲûֵزʲôģ
ڶʯֻǧ硣
ǧ硭
ַţƺ˼ʲôǧ磬ԿԺɨħ֮ˣƿ߻ħʵ޷⡣
ǼԪӵ߱Ǿ͸ǿˡ߱һ𣬽߿ռͨ⻷ѹħ棬Ԫǿ
ֻǣˣԪȴ޷˵ħ棬޷κεħ档֮䣬Ͼ̫ˡ
Ҳȫûϣʱʱ٣һڼʮꡢϰ䣬ѸٵʵﵽǧսΡʱ֣δ˵ħ档ֻҪܹ˵ħ棬ջ£ħΣҲֻһ;ˡ
ַ˸һ˿âüԪ𶼺ܾȡû뵽ַ岻ûĻ䣬ųնɱħ档
ֱ̫ˣַԽôԽôţüԪϲѾ̫̫ûпţ˷ƿˡ
ַı֣üԪпѣ·𿴵˵ԪԼġӰӡ
Ԫ𣬳Ϊ˶󣬵õ߱Ҳ緢һȻħ
ħħ棬ԪҲ˿塣
ֻǣʱǨԪȥȴѾĻ䣬ųΪˣʧַĶ־
־ҲԪΨһϣˣȻģǾͰ뷨ɡ
Ԫ¶һ˿Цݡ
л²˳٣Ϳʼչأɣ̾Ͷ֣
ˣȥɣȥɡ
Ԫһ֣ռãѾַ͵һҵС
ַʧıӰԪ¶һ˿Цݣ૵ܳ벻ɣôŬˡǲɣǾ뿪ɣԺ£ͽˡ
Ԫʵַûʲôģ˵Ͳַܹɹ
նɱħ棿
Ԫ֪˶ٰ취ΣħɻĺúõģҺһӵһԪ˵ھżԪ
ħôɱǼԪͳɹˡ
޴޴ԪСһٺ٣㲻ǲ֪ΪǺεѣ츳Ӧ˶˻ԴܹΪħ𡣾ƾСһΪǼֱǳ˵Σ
ħ潫ղַԪһĻȴû˿ĵġ
ôħ棬ģ㲻ɹҲͷ㳢һ߱Իٵζţ߿ռͨĿռ籩ϣʱܳסܳŵԪ١֧ŵԪҲûˣռԪ٣һжΪһҡ
ԪһҪҡ
ħڷŭţоþõĻصš

õԴ󣬺úСڿʱ䲻ˣڰڽħĻһزصСǧ磬ʵû̫ˡ
ַУûеһʱȻʱţҲôһʱ䣬ϸ˼Ŀǰơ
ײСǧ硢ߡħ档
ʵĿǰַԼԪˣбƿߣҲв
ȻܻյļԪ٣ԪˣʵûκôͳͳΪһҡ
ĿǰΪַֹʱֻв
УСǧüޣ˭Ҳ˵жߣʲôʱ֡нߣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôʱήǿĽߡ
ԶԣʵԶԶûħв
ħһһҪԪˣôַҲ϶ᱻħıɱ
ˣħ
ֻܾʵһеʵʧˣħˣַҲͨʱӡߣ
Ľ㷵صСǧ統УַҲأ̻̲գ˵ȹԪˡ
򲻵ѣܷڣмԪѹħ棬նɱħõĻᡣ
ַ˿Ѿ¶˾ģϧһдۣŬʵӶնɱħ棬ΨһƾֵĻᡣ
ǣַ۾ʼȫС


1545 
Ŀǰַڽһһǧʮڷ籾ԴڶʯʮŸƷʶʯ⣬ϰڿŶʯܹ硣
ַҲûָڶ̶̰ʱڣЩʯͳͳתΪԼʵǸͲܡ
þ٣ΪǧӦû̫⡣ַȫеĿģҪĶһЩʵ
ǾͿʼɣʱ٣
ַ˿ʱڽУʱֿʼʱ١
ԴַڽУսӵڵĳ̶Ⱥܳܵĸɾ͸ˣʱٶ౶Ҳȫܹܡ
һЩɡҲʧһЩ磬ַ˵ڵȡʱ䣬Խ̵ʱ䣬ԽʵһоͶֵá
ǣַʱ£ͬһ㣬СǧըһСǧոյһһ߽򣬿ʼַڽҲڼš
ÿһ죬ַڽУܵͽ򡣵ӴڽУʲô
ַ˿̵ڽѾӴĵزַԼѾܾûйעԼڽı仯ˡ
ţ֮
ַʶڽС˻֮һ磬һĽǴӻ֮ϡġ
֮Ѿȣڽ֮УսʱԻѾһЩˡ
ȴǻ֮ɶʯ籾Դ̶һͽģǻ֮
֮֮ܳΪ֮ĸ֮ĸ
֮ݻ٣Ҳͱˡ
ַȻ򣬻֮ڽϵ֮ǺôҲб׶ˡ֮һ£ôڽ򶼻¡
ֻʮٱַǿߣҲѴݻٻַ֮嵹ǿԷģֻ֮Ǳ׶ˣȴַ㡣
絮һĽַʶסڽĵͬʵַ̫̫࣬ʱʱ٣ڽе磬һЩʱɲˡ
ˣÿʱỵ̈Ҳڻ𡣵Щ磬ȴַսһݻٵͳʧˡ
ЩȻȻ磬ͻһ籾Դֱ뵽֮УȻ֮ٳһ硣
Ȼѭڽ򶼱һ״̬
һսǾȫģҲͻˣԵĻ𣬳ܲµ籾Դ
ÿʱỵ̈絮Ҳ
ַʶֻУһ졢졢졭
Ҳ֪˶ãַŷ·ѡ
ڽ򣬾Сǧ磬Щʲô
ַš
ԺҲһͷͷһ·޷ƣġš
ָĲ²⣬ָͷϵš
ַɲʵĿģǳɾͽǰַ붼룬ϾҪΪǾ͵ðͰ࣬һ𡢶ٵһһǰʵ
ַûдҲûԽһ֪⣬һ֪ⶼֻ˽һ㡣
ֻ֪ĽݻСǧ磡αűʵ
ݻСǧ磬ǽĸ˵ǳɾͽĹؼ
ַ˼ڽÿ磬ÿҲл磬ƺһжѭһжѾˡ
Сǧ磬ʲô
˵Сǧ磬
ʱ䡢ռ䡭ͳͳУһСǧ磬ôݻ
ַһ֡Ȧ֮СʶУ޷԰ΡϸŹСǧһУڽԱȡ
ʯַڽ޷ʯ
ַ岢ãܲܵʯôؼ˵ʯСǧ磬ӦòûʲôҪϵ
ַ˶ʯĹ죬ܸ޴ۣ˵ڽҲܡʯַãý˼Сǧĸֵá
ͱʯȻǶʯȴɺϡ٣ԭʲôʵΪʯԽ˵ʵ̫ˣ˼ǸĽͲῼʯ
ײЩʲô
ַţһȦ޷ͨԺ·ˡ

ͻȻַԺлһ⣬·ʲô͵۾


1546 ճǧ
Ԫ٣
ַ۾ĿĮȻš
֪ڽСǧĲˣʵǼԪ١
Сǧ磬һСǧ磬żԪٵвԪΪλᵮʵҲСǧزٵһ֡ơ
˼Ԫ٣Сǧһδεɱ䣬ڻһδεпɱΪǧ硣
Ȼַû˵СǧɱǧġһϢûУַҿ϶Сǧһɱǧ磬ûзһܳɵġ
ַӻ򵽵Сǧ硰ʡ˵Ԫٵġʡ
Ԫ٣ȫΪ˻Ҫ֮ǰ͵ûˣСǧ˵ԪٲɻȱҲݻСǧĹؼڼԪ١
ַԽԽƺѾ֪ݻСǧĹؼˡ
Ԫγֵģַȴһ֪ңҲûж֪ңַҲûмԪ٣ʹٶ˵˵ҲǱַ顣
Ԫ١
ַţ˵Ԫٲǽѣǻᡣ
ʱһĹȥַڽУ֮ڡֻ߽Ҫг籾Դ붨ʯô֮ÿʱÿ̶߽
ңַ廹ʱ٣ĸɣʩչʱ٣ˣַڽеٶҲǳ֮졣
һʱ䣬ַ磬ʮڣ
ĳַϣԭãӼڸѾܲˣû뵽ʱЧôá
˵ַڽ̫ǿܸɸʱ٣ˣһʮս
һꡢꡢꡭ
תۼ䣬ʮʱ͹ȥˡʮָ꣬ͬһ˲ƿߡ˯һʱ䣬ֹܶʮꡣ
ʮʱ䣬ַ˵ȴҪ
߰ʮ磡
ַţһâǰڽ磬ֻڣڣȴﵽ߰ʮ硣
ʣ̶ʮʱ䣬ַڽȻһʮ硣ԭһʮ磬ʮӦֻһ硣
ַˣʱ٣һֱַڽļڼ٣ˣַڽʱ̶ʵܹܵĸҲԽԽʱȻҲԽԽ죬Ӷͬʱڣʮ硣
ֻһõĿʼˣʮʱ䣬һʮ磬ַ˵ٶѾܿˣȴ
٣ַǧڶûдﵽ

ǣַУҲģʱٵ졣
һʮַ꣬ڽӵ˾Űʮڣһʮʱ䣬ַڽе磬Ȼڣ
䣡
ַڽ΢΢һ𣬵ڶʮոչȥãַڽ磬ڴﵽǧڣ
ǧ磡
ַû뵽Ϊǧô죬Ҫ֪ŸոǱ޶ʮˡ
ȥһˡ
ַôǱʱҲܳΪ𣬵ҲûоܽҳΪֻǿʵֻҪܹ˵ħ漴ɡ
ǣַ뿪ңȥѰҼԪȻ뿪ңַѾֹͣ
෴ַֻҪעڽУ籾ԴжʯǾͻԴԴϵĵ硣
ֻûʱ٣ٶȲôˡ
ಣ
ַ˼Ԫ
ţ㡭ǧ𣿡
ԪܾȣŶ̶̶ʮʱһ㣬ַʹӰһԾΪǧ
ǼԪ𣬼ʶ㣬ӵһμԪѾĴڣʶ˸ָţǧľš
ûһܱȵַ壬ƺַǰѾûˡš壬ʲôţһ뵽ַٶȣŶϢ
ԣҳΪǧˣ뿪ң׼һԣֻҪ˵ħ棬ôһоͶϣ
˵ħ桭
Ԫɲʲôϣַӵǧ硣
Ԫɴַ嵽ħ汻ѹĵط˿̵ħԵúƽַɫһɫ
ǧ磡Сӣʮʱ䣬ʵ˺ܶ࣬ʱ٣ˣʱ˵档ûõģʱѾˣȵûлˡ
ħЦͷƤ顣
ǰΪ֪ʱ䲻ˣԲŻ߾ȫУҲ߾ȫն
ַ岢ûбħ滣סһԪһۡ
֣
һַ̣û˿ԥ˲䱬ʱһεĴһħȥ


1547 ħ棬ˣ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַȵʵѾǰ𣬶ǿǧڵĽ򣬳ţ飬ͬɳһ㣬ֱʤ
ˣ
ʱסħ棬һεħ棬Ѿ׼ֻǣʱħ޿κΣ˲侲ֹ
ţɺܴ󣬵Ӧְ֧ʱˡ
ַһɣʵ֤ʵȷáƺòǺԣʵϣһ㡰ֹʱ䣬Ǿͷǳˡ
ĳ̶ֳϣܹıս֡
ַ塰ֹסħ棬ԪҲûԥʼʩɱǿݺݵĺħ档
ɾǿײƺǰһ¡Ԫȫħʱֻܴݻһħ
ǲħָܺܿ˲ħ档ҲħĿֲ֮ħӵħһУȫħ
Խ棬ħħԽǿֲǻָÿֲûǵսƿߣԶҲ֪ǵĿֲ
˵еħΰĴڣ֮Ҫϡ٣ÿһħǲĴڡ
ûá
ԪҡҡͷԤϵֽˣֻǲַĻ䣬Բȫַ塣
ڣƺӦáΡˡôŬ˲ħ档
ûõģǾôҲ޼¡ˣˣٹʮ꣬ʱһᶼûˡ
ħûбֹˣַԪĿһ˿ɱ⡣
һΣһ֣
ַһġһΣԪһ֣ǧڵֻ֮ȼԪһЩˡ
һַ̣嶯ˣԪҲˡַʱ侲ֹȾֹסħ棬Ҫڽеֹֻ֮ܽסħһ˲ַ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
¡
һ𹥻ʱһŹһħ棬ֲ֮Ľɱħħ
ûãûκôǾҲκβϷ򣡡
ħЦţһĵ֮ɫ
Ԫ鵹ǺܳĬƺϵˣϾ߱ڣѹħôʱ䣬û취
෴Ԫ취취˺ֻܶ࣬ǣʵȴܲпᣬκβħ档
ַԪ֣˼һǧ֮Ȼκβħ档
ȵȡ
ַȻĿĶħ档
ţ
Ԫַ壬ַ֪ʲô֡
ַĶħ棬۾һƺҪħ档ħ棬ЩӦ
Сӣ㶢濴һ죬Ҳûá
ħţֲѹַ壬Ԫ߱赲סˡַȴûһ˿־壬Ǽ¶һ˿Цݣˣ
ţ
ַĻ£ǼԪħ棬ɫ͵һ䡣
ˣ
ԪҲĶħ棬ûпħˣ˵˵ĵطָˡ
ħɫ΢΢һҲ侲Ц浱ȻˣѾָˡħ𣬻ָġ
ԪҲҡҡͷħ˺Ļָܾˣѹˡ
ַȴ·ûԪĻһĶħ棬һһ˵ˣңûлָڣûлָ
ʱ򣬼ԪƺҲַ岻˵Ц
ûлָôܣ
ԪЩ̫š
ǧȷʱѾϴʱӡǣħκα仯޷ѳҵĸӦ֮ǰһ˶֣ȷָܺܿղţ֣ħˣȻֻʮħʧȴԵʧ޷ָ
ԪʮֶݣٶʩչȫһΣ
ַҲ˵ͷٴֲ֣ݺݺħϡ
¡
һΣԪ𶼿ˡ
ȻʮħԵʧˣħˡ
Ԫֱϲ⡣
ֻܽʮħڵħ˵ֱǾţ֮һëվŲַԪ񹥻һǧꡢһ꣬޷˵ħĸ
Ԫɺ˷ܣΪħ棬иɻĲҲ㣬Ҳˣôϣ


1548 ʮ꣬ڼ
ħϣѾûһ˿ЦݡɫĶַ壬ãЦٺ٣һСӣܿˡȷˣΣ֣ܴݻʮħǼʮħһءһǧһΣһ꣬Ҳħˡ˵ֱţ֮һëסʱ𣿡
ħĿɱȻǼȴЦ
ȷÿܴݻħһħΣħ˵ֱǾţ֮һëοַԪ֣һʱ޷ݻһħ
ˡ
ַ޶ԣ˵ں£ħ棬ħôẦ£ˣںҵĳɳںԺﵽǧڡǧǿ
Ԫû˵ֻǾĿַħĶš
ղħ˵һУԪ𶼺Ҳֻ֪Ҫ˵ħ棬ǾǳɹǾϣ
ħ治޵еĴڣҲ㣬ҲˣҲ䣡
ڣħȷǿŲַԪ𹥻ΣʧħֱǾţ֮һë
Ԫַ֪ܳɳַɳٶȣľˡ
ԪһȫСھͿҵʵٶȿ죬ħħǿˣ
ַת뿪ˣڼʵûһ壬ÿħʧһǧħû塣
֮ǰַķ˶ʮʱ䣬İս
ңÿַڽе綼࣬ٶԽԽ죬ǰʮʱһ磬ڸ硣
ٶȣӣַڽܹеĸԽԽʱʱپͻԽԽ죬絮ٶҲӿ졣
ǣʮַ꣬磬ﵽһǧս
ĸʮַ꣬磬ڽﵽһǧ˰ս
ʮַ꣬˰˰磬ڽﵽǧս
ʮꡢ߸ʮꡢڰ˸ʮꡭ
ַڽӵٶԽԽǿԽԽ࣬ʱÿʱÿ̶ţڽܹܵĸҲԽԽӴˡ
ַʵͬһš
¡
Ȼһضɽҡ·߱һ
Ԫסˣ꣬ұؽʱǸСӣ֮أ
ħ߱Ԫɫһ䣬Ķħ棬ȫѹħ档
κΣѾȥ˰ʮʱ䣬ܵСǧײ߿ռͨӰ죬ħץס˻ᣬϵͼѳ߿ռ䱦ѹ
ʱ䣬ֻа꣡
ħڰڣһܹѳڣѾûаˣȷеʱ䶼Ѿ֪ˣʮ꣬ʮʱ䡣
Ѿȥ˰ʮʱ䣬ʣ겻ʱ䣬ħһܹ
վǳһЩʱٶĻûСǧײĻ
ԪεҡҡͷѾ˰˴μԪ٣ӵһμԪ˵ھŴμԪôûп͸
ô
˾ǰˣûκνڡʵԪ׼֪ھŴμԪ٣վȲȥʱԪѾ׼ԲԼѹħ档
ԼԪ˵䣬ԱڼԪ䣬ʵû̫𣬶ữΪһҡֻǣַ˾̫ϧˡ
Ԫûп˾޾ŵƿߣżʱ򣬼Ԫ𶼻ãַϣ
ǿɲǳΪϣǳΪ𣬼ԪҲϣ
ʲôϣ
ԼԪ˵ܶȹԪߣϣ
ַϾϣֻϧһϣˡ
ˣͺ뿪ɡ
Ԫ˾׼ַ뿪ʱȴȻַ֣Ѿ˳
㡭
ԪɫЩɲΪȫַʵƺַϣһصϢ
üԪ𶼸оֲ
ַɫƽ˵ͷ˵ĳʮʱ䣬ڸһ¥ѾﵽǧսȻһ㣬Ըħ棬пһԣ
䣡
ַĻڼԪԺ˾κˡ
ǧ磬
̶̰ʮʱ䣬ϴΣֻʮʱ䣬ַʹһǧսǧս
Ǻεȿֲ
ƽÿʮ꣬һǧ簡
ǼԪЩţĶַ壬·Ҫַ塰


1549 ħĩգ
ܼԪַ֪ͬһ㡣
棬ϣΪĽ
ңƿʱûյع
ԴѻһַٶȺܿ죬쵽ֵزֱǲ˼顣
ʵϣ˵ԪˣַԼܾȣԶԶַԼԤϡ
ڵʮʱַڽҲֻǧ硣ʮַ꣬˰˰磬ӷ֮ٶ֮죬ֱ˼
Ȼ󣬵ʮַ꣬һǧһ磬ڽﵽǧ߰ս
߸ʮַ꣬һǧ磬ڽﵽǧս
ڰ˸ʮַ꣬һǧ˰磬ڽպôﵽǧս
ٸַʱ䣬ֻмʮʱ䣬ַڽ򶼽ﵽһĵزڵǧ磬ַҲ֡ĸо
·Լ䣬͸߱͸߿ռͨڤڤиӦСǧеĳЩʲôֻǣ
ƺ߿ռַֻ̫ͨʵĿǰǲôһ㣬ˣûгסӦҲûС
ַȴòأѾܵħ漴ʱ䣬ַҲ޷Ǳıչˡ
ħǸв
Ԫܿͻع𺳣˿̣ȴһ˿ڴǧսַǧսȴκβħ棬ֻħʧһ㣬޹ʹ
ڣַǧأ
ɰڴһ٣
Ԫ˿Ķħ档
ħ棬˿ƺҲַʵѾûٷˣǽԼħ·¡
ƺַϣħѾܵһ˿в
ַҲ˿ӿȵ֮·Ҫӿһַȴѹסĵ궯ǵȴĵƽ
ˣ
һַ̣һ㡣
ʱ˲ϢħϣûʱַǲĶԸħģ¶Է˶ܡ
һʱħͳ˻ӣܣ൱ʵ½ࡣ
ʱãʵ
֣
ַͺһʱԪᣬ̱ȫ
ǧ֮Ͽռи֮˲䱬ַĶһ̣ԭƽ֮һ֮£˲䱬
ƺƵ֮ͬˮһ㣬·ǵأϯһУûһУƽһУ
ߵ֮ںһ𣬳ħȥǿһɰڴһ٣
¡
ֲıը𣬳Ӳ߿ռ䱦ڣôֲײҲᵼ߿ռ䱦𶯲ѡ
ԪĶħ棬ַҲ⡣֮ǰҲãǻҲգڣѾû·ˡ
ɹǾûʱˡ
꣡
ͻȻӱըĺһ죬ţ̳ɢ¶ħӰ˿̵ħ棬ɫڲš
Ӵħͬһ鲼ơ
ôܡ
ħ滹ڵţĲ˼顣
꣡
һ̣һ죬ħֶһƣƣͷ·ѹյһݡ
Ƶĳ֣ħӴħȻ

ħһŭͼֹħıûãħһͬѩһɢ
һڡʮڡڡǧڡڡ
Ԫַ嶼ĿǰһĻħħ̫׳ۡˣ˶𺳡
ĿһĻֻǰʱ䣬ħħʧһϣ
ǿһأ൱һ˲ʧΪ
ħ棬ħޱȵۻ룬һʧһħҲǳۡǣ⻹ַԪһˡ
һʧһħַԪһܹٴΣһٴλһǧΣ
ַԪ𣬶ҪʱַָڽҲڳž޴ĸһ첻ͣĹһǧûġ
һǧΣǾһǧħʧ
ǺεȵĿֲ
ħ棬ô֧Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ʮ컹Ƕʮ죿
һ̣ħĿ־ˣˣΪѾоϢƺѾԽԽ
ôҲ벻ڻʱĹؼʱ̣Ȼ֮Σ
ϣϣħ棬ڵˣ
ԪЦѹħô꣬ûô
ħ棬Ѿǿ֮ĩ䣬ֻʱˡ
ɱ
ַû˿ԥʩչʱ򣬳ħĺκ⣬´ʱħ棬Ѿûϣ
ôܡ
ħһĲҽУص߱УòϢ


1550 ֮
Ũ籾ԴħħȻ̺籾Դʵ̫̫ˡ
ַЩϲ⡣Сħħ̺ܹɾħߣȻӴ˼㡣
ЩħԪҲûкַΪˣʲô壿ûκ壬Ψַ壬ַ
ַڶʯܳ㣬籾ԴҲͬܳ㣬籾ԴǰħħֱС׼ס
ַûһ˷ѣħħѸٵתΪ籾ԴŨ籾Դֳַӯĸо
һ졢졢졢졭
ʱһĹȥַ巢ħѾʧˣȡ֮ħˡ
ڵħ棬̶̼ʱ䣬ħʧأѾҪ䵽ǵĳ̶ˣַȴûзŹħĴ㡣
ַ壬Ϸ㲻ú
졢졢ʮ졭
ڵʮʱ䣬ħͻȻһλǴڣҪáĵزħжôĿ־塣
ǵģڿ־壬ں¡
Ϊڽ죬ڸղţħħڱݻٵһ£˵һٽ㡣
ͨһħ͵˾磬׵ĵ˾硣ħ˵Ǹĸħ
ħʧһ̶ȣǾͻ侳磬ڵħ棬ŤͬĶħһĶַ壬Ъ˹š
ֻǣûκôѾӺպħ𣬳Ϊڵħ𣬼㻹ǶĶħ𣬵Ҳʲô
ַ岻ʩչʱ򣬹ǿżԪ߱ѹԼַǧսĹħҲŲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ħַûҲ⣬Ǵѿ֮ˣʲôã
ڳһľ統УħħѸٵתΪ籾Դ
籾Դַڼš
ԭַǧ籾ԴڣǴﵽǧ籾Դһڳһĵزš
ַĶʯҲܳ㣬˿г籾ԴǷţַ·Ѿоڤڤһ֡򡱣ȴǲһʲô
ʮһ졢ʮ졢ʮ졢ʮ졭
ڣڵʮʱ䣬ħ֧ŲסӴħѾʧΪһַڡ
䣡
ȴַڽ򼱾𵴡ΪⲻͨħĸĺģԴ
ħӦ˶СǧȻĻԴʵϣħΪ˻Сǧһ֡
ԴСǧıԴԴСǧ籾Դ֮һֻǱȽһ֣ƻ
ַ岻ħͲ߱ԣˣŻԴ뵽ַڽԵø롣
Ƿظַڽ
ַڽǲֵķظȴûһ˿ҪŻԴȥ˼
ϻһ˿ϲ
𡭡
ַţڵϢƺÿʱÿ̶ڱǣҲ֪Ϊʲôڷţ㱻Դݻ٣ҲתΪ籾Դ뵽֮С
Ԫ𾪵Ŀַ壬ַϢͬɽһƺһɿֲ
ǹȻüԪľսĸоƺ߱Ҳ޷İȫǵħ棬ûйָо
ѵҪʼɱˣ
Ԫ۾·šַ֪ѾǧˣѾˣǧ磬ɱΪ
ԪЩɡ
ַӣƺʲô߱У߿ռͨУʵַɱ谭ġ
ȻħѾ䣬ԪҲûʲôùǵģвѾʧˡ
ˣ
ǣԪһֱ߱ƿ߿ռͨ˲˳ȥ
䣡
߿ռ䱦ƺεȾˣƵСǧ統еĵһˣԪǿ߿ռ䱦Ǵڶ塣
ˣ߿ռ䱦һ֣̾ķ
ʲô
һ
б
ǡ߿ռ䱦ֵĵطƿߣһЩι״߱ĿֲϢûʲôǰ
ţ
߿ռ䱦ո뿪߿ռַͨ͵۾̧ͷյС
ڵŻԴƺһӱġȡյУһŸӿֲĻԴңӦ
𡭡ûл߿ռ䱦۳ɰܣҶһԡ
ַ˿żԪ˵
Ԫַصı飬Ҳµַ״̬ڵַ壬һȶȴȹؼʱ̡
ʱַ̣ǿͬʱҲܴ
Ȼַ֪嵽ôˣԪ²⣬ַӦߵٽ㣬Ҫɱ䡱ˡ
ߵһ
ԣȥҵҪġ
Ԫ˵ͷһ֣߿ռ䱦˴š
ַҲԥһ˳ȥ


1551 ɣɣ
ף˳ˡ
˭Ȼ֮С
ǼԪ˵ķΣѵǼԪ˵֧Ԯˣ
۷׷׵һЩƿߣЩƿߣЩң֪ǵʲôȻΧ
Щһͷͷֲľޣÿһͷһƿߣǿߣһ
ңر࣬ʮͷͷʮϰͷ
𡭡
ЩޣַһĻ񣬵ŭţַĿַȴûһ㶯ûпЩһۡ
ߣ
ԪȴӲҲɳ߱һʱһε˲סЩ

ͺиһʮϰͷޣҽûзͱиƬϢյС
ˣ
˶ոջǶƵЩֲޣȻĶˡʱ˼Ԫ뿪Բ֮ڣ̤룬ɱ⣡
Ԫ˰˴μԪ٣ƽʱܺƣƽ׽ˣֲֿƣû˻᲻η塣
ǣЩƿ߶żԪңңһݣ漴Ѹٵ뿪ˣ̤֮ڡ
Щƿ뿪ˣԪȴһץץյеһѪ⡣Ѫ⣬иЩ޺µġ
Ԫ΢һӦ漴üͷⲻСǧѾ뵽Сǧĸأ𣿡
Ԫ΢һ˵ڵСǧ磬ƿĲֹۡ
ƬУƺһưܵϢϢ̫ϤˡԪ٣ò˶ã¾ͻˡ
Ԫ˰˴μԪ٣᲻Ԫٵ
ÿһΣԪǰưܵϢѾܹ˰˴ΣǵھŴΣҲһΡ
һεưϢκһζҪŨĶࡣ
ռԪ٣һжữΪһҡ
ԪĬػַ壬ַΨһϣˣֻǣǸϣ̫ãˣԪûκΰա
ַһ߱漴㾲վյСڼԪĶûκαʾûпһۡ
ڶеһУƺȤˡΨһȤСǧ·һŻϢ֮ڵĻԴҪǿǧ򱶡
ſֲĻԴڽĻԴҲڷƻַڽ
ȴǴݻ磬ҲǴݻٽ򣬶ǡ
ַڽҲתĹһжġŻԴȴƻַڽĹƻʹڽ򶼱ޱȵĻң·Ҫٱ
һɹɻϢȻȻַڽ򣬲ѸٽԴ׳ʹĸǿ
֮󣬾
ûҵԪ٣ȴҵ˻ԴɣɣлԴҵڰɣһжɡ
ֻڻУݻСǧ硣
ַԽԽҲ·ڤڤУĳֶõһûٿȥɶʯҲûп籾Դ
һжȻȻ
ַصСǧѾ·˵ǰķ
ݻֻݻСǧ磬ǰܳɾΰĽ
ݻСǧ磬ʵӶһ̾ͿԿʼˣݻһḶ́һ͡
ˣ뿪߱صСǧַѾˣ
ݻ
ַأĿյУСǧһž޴ĻԴ·ܹݻһУСǧĻԴ
ַҪݻСǧ磬ͱڻеõ
𣬱ȻȻĻ𣬲ַһǿҲǻҪݻСǧ磬ľǹ
ܹٻõİ취ǻԴ
ַҴħϣõһŻԴһֱ˼ųΪ·ڣѾ֪ˡ
ݻСǧ磬ûԴƶڽʼƶڽݻ·
ɣɣɣ
ַԽԽſ˫֣ա
¡
һ̣·Сǧ綼һַ·һһϵĴڣܸܵСǧ춯
ͷ·𵱳Сǧײһ
ô£
Сǧײˣ
ǣֻСǧ磬ôôĶ
ѵˣ
ǡ۷ڣоһѹ֣·ϢһǸܵһϢǳļ¡
˿̣ȴֻмԪһ֪ô¡
Դ
Ԫ۾·ʲôŵһ֮ɫ


1552 ݻʼ
ԴǻԴ
Сǧ磬֪ԴߣָԪ𣬾е֪֮һħսôԪ᲻˽ħĵϸ
ħһŻԴӦ˶˵ħǰСǧġơ޲ɡ
ħǰŻ𣬻˵ʹǻ𣡶Դħĸһ֮
ĳ̶ֳϣԪ٣Ҳйء
Ԫ˽ħ棬¶û˿µĻԴƺƵеĳк£ֱַ塣
ԴôлԴֱħ涼Ҫֲöࡣ
Ԫ˿ҪԶԶĶ㿪Դк£մȾһ˿Ƕñ𣬲ƿ߻ħǱֻҪմȾһ˿ԴǾͻ
ôĻԴԶħġҪֲСǧĻԴ
ѵɱҪԴ
ԪܾﲻԾҲμԪ٣ǧй
ҲԶԶûַҪ»Դ
һ»Դɱ𣬶ֵסԴʴӶٻ
ڻԴѾк£˲סַ¼ԪѣҲѾˡ
䣡
Դк£˲佫ַס󲿷ֻԴֱӱַ塰ɡڽС
Ԫеɻַ岻֪֪ҲıԪĸоȷģַ壬ɲڡɱ䡱Ϊ
ַڵΪ롰ǡ޹أŬΪ𰡣ڡݻСǧ磡
ɣ֮ǡݻ
ַţڵĽţ绹ǽǹʲôԻԴ嫵ĻԴûκλ֮
ͳͳ
Ψл֮ƺҪȶסڽһĸ룬Ƿڽ֮УεĿŽеһС
ֻϧԻԴǻ֮Ҳֻǿ֧š
ң֧֮סĻ籾Դ籾ԴԼ籾Դ
Щ籾Դħõģַ嶼ûħħת˶籾Դֻ֪кܶܶ࣬ԶԶǼǧڷô򵥡
籾Դ֧Ż֧֮ڽ
Դһֱڻ籾ԴȴŬ޸ڽˣԴ̫ǿ̫ǿҲ̫࣬ת˲䣬ַڽЩ֧Ųסˡ
ַȴûκεĶȫڻԴĻУŬѰţе
л𣬶ûɾʧܵģһʧܣַͻ䣬κνңʱӡǶȲַ塣
Ϊڽڻ
һַʶڽСΨĵһ磬磬ַĵػ
ڻ֮УҲȻ
ΪļˣѣػһУ

ַ峤̾һӣǺεģûӣҲûǶӺŮиĸ
Ƕڻ統УУֻлġ㣬²УַҲǡ
ֻǣԴӳΪƿߺ󣬾ͺٻصУûȥעӣעˡ
Ԫ٣ѹ
еѹҲ֮ϵ˶Լ˵Ĺġ
ڣŻԴĲŰַƺûһϣҵڻУԽԽԶ
ݻ֮·ߣַֹһˣܺϡ٣Сǧ磬ҲַƵƿߡ
ֻϧǶǱ޴󣬵չֻǱЩûг׳ɳѾˣЩɳҲ޷ȹݻСǧ硱һѹء
ݻСǧ磬ɹʣû˿Ľңû˿⡣
һıһıй飬Ļңַڽ֧Ųסˡ
ǻ֮Ķʯڷĳ磬Ҳ޼¡磬ԶԶ޷Ტۡ
ˣַڽѾʼ˱һԴƺԽԽ׳д󲿷ֶַڽıӶγɵĻ֮
ƺƵҪϯڽ򣬴ݻһУ
վҲ
ַ峤̾Ϣһˣֻһֱûп
䣡
󳱣ƺƵַڽϯַʶҲһӱɢ·޾ĺڰУϵĳ١
ʧˣ
ԪյУŻԴ£ַϢԽԽѾ΢ͬС磬ʱϨһ
ڣڼԪĸӦУַһϢʧ


1553 ʱת
˵Ϣ翣ȴϢϢءƿߣҲסԼϢ
˵ϢʧǾֻһֿܡ
Ԫ𲻸ţľĸӦǴģûκηַ֣Ϣʧˣֻʣ˿񱩵ĻϢ
Ԫʧ䣬ǵһԪĹ𣬼Ԫ˵ѹħ档
̫̫䣬ȴû˵ʹģֿĸо޴ʧг
ԭֻһַΨһϣǳΪϣǣȹԪٵϣ
ڣϣѾˡ
ʱһĹȥԪȴһֱûκζ
ţԴôûʧ
ͻȻԪһЩߣַѾˣϢʧˣֻʣ˿񱩵ĻԴ˭޷
˵ʱ򣬻ԴѾʧˡ
ڣԴƺһʧƶûУңĸӿֲ
ѵ
ԪԺ˸һ󵨵뷨ֻǣЩţŻԴƺڷˮһ㣬ҵķ
ԼԼһƼڻϢеϢȽȽ𡭡

޾ĺڰ޾ĳ١
ַʶѾ׵ģˣ޷ӦΧһУ޷ӦڽһУ֮ϵױжϡ
ĸо𣿡
ַһͷûַôÿαʵ̣
ڣַˣѾܵϢڽһʱӡҲ޷ȵġ
ҵڽѾױ˰ɣôĿޣΪУ˭뵽ȴһա
ַƺڡЦ˵ˣֻʣһͷתš˵ʶġԼ
֪ڽ󣬻û籾ԴߣЩʯôˣ֮ڱĽ򣬻᲻Ҳγƹս˵һЩӦ˶
ַʱ򣬷һСƺչһ̻ᡰ󳹴򡱣ַҲ⡣
˼ȥ룬Լô
ৣ
ַʶУһͷ·ͬһʶ
Ľ򣬻᲻һЩӦ˶
ַϸĻ䣬ƺҪץסʲô
仰ַܸоʲôҪץסȴôҲץסѾҪˣ
ڻԴ£ûҵǾͻһжûκιϵµʱ粻ٻ𣬼Ԫûн٣޹ˡ
Ӧ˶
ڣַԺһץסʲô
ԭ
ַϲĵӿֳһɿϲ֮ɫ
һֱڴţУߣ֮磬ǲǾǴ
ڿˣˣһжˡ
Ϊȫһ档ӻһʵѾַ峹䣬ôǧֻҪСǧ绹ڣǾһᵮ硣
Сǧ类Ԫݻ٣ҲһᵮµСǧ硣
Ȿڤڤеתһ棬ֱ˴ˡνġɱ䡱νġݻʵǴӻУһһεţڽĸǿ
ˣݻСǧ硱
ַ壬ֻڡݻʼѾߴ·ʧȥϣܡɱ䡱ɹ
ԭһֱ׷İ
ַ̲סЦ
ֻǣ֪Ѿ̫̫ˣֻʣһССʶʲôˣɱ䣿
ƿߣҲûˡ
ʵϣַֹ壬ƿߣڱһ̣ҲνŵϦӣˡ
ƿߣ棬ǱݻСǧʱȴʧֻ֮ʣҪʧʱڤڤһ
Ѿ̫ˣǽʱ졣
ַ岻һȻҲ棬ȻҲֻһλԶԶȴԶĶǾǡʱ
ʱ䣬йУصĹľ߿ռʱҲһЩ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪʱŸııһеΰ
ڣַҪʱ򣬸ı̣˵ҲֻʱܸıַĴ
ΨһĻᣡ
ɣɣɰڴһ١ҼѶϤ˻Ϥ˽Ĺؼ˭޷ֹң
ַʶڡš
ʱ䡪ת
ַһ𡱣ʶУֻźеʶƴڤڤеʱ֮ƺһжˡ
ڤڤУһֽʱ䡱ΰϢĿʼıһУ


1554 벽
ת
·źԭѾڽ򣬾Ȼһ̣·𡰾ֹһҲֻǡֹһ˲
ܿ죬ӿȵڽ򣬼ֱȴıҲǹı磬ƺܲס޴ĸɣڷı
ɣصĸɣ硢򣬶һ̣ȻըȫʧСǧƺĸӻˡ
ͬʱȴһǿȽȽ
ʱ䣬ʱ
ַ磬Ӵǧڸ磬ôӴĽҪʱת̸ףƽʱַ嶼ḶصĴۣ˵ˡ
ַһ½ֻһʶʱƶʱתڽ򣬺ȻΪ촷ۡ
ַ·Ͳںڽڡתոűڽʱתֳˡ
ʱӵŸıΰǿһ̶ȣܹתһУ֮С
ʱ߳ľ硣
ͷҲһţַڵжô⣬ֻתһʱ䣬һ룬ʮ롣
ûϵڽһ̱ҲûйϵڻлǡݻСǧ硱Ĺؼ
ַֻҪʱתʶѾȫعˣټ١
ǧ֮һɲǣַʶסع顱ˣܸܵڽı仯ÿһ磬ÿһÿһı仯
Щʱϲŭ֣ϵĳַľֻǣڵַ壬Ѿֹˮˣֻϸϸţе
ڻʱѾ
زַ岻ȥֹ෴ӦȥƶֻҪס缴ɡ磬ܲڻл͵ÿԵ컯ˡ
Ԫ٣ǼԪٵ򣡡
ַѾˣˡ
Ԫ٣ΪǡȻȻ
СǧҪţҪͣǾͱ뾭һ١ϴ߰Сǧ磬еСǧлȡҪһС
Դȵȡ
ͬСǧֺγǽߵԽ࣬Сǧ籬ļԪپͻԽͣʱһУһֶƽ
СǧȴܹڼԪУôУҡɱ䡱ǣСǧڼԪУһһɱ䡱̶гһաɱ䡱Ϊǧ硣
ַֻƲ⣬ַѾ˽УˣƲǰ˾ŲʮСǧ磬ҲҪɱģԪٲһеսᣬ෴һеĿʼ
ȻСǧҪɱ䣬ѺѣԶԶΪҪȴСǧתġ
˭뵽СǧҲߣеһУ
ַޱȵͨ͸ѾûʲôܹˡףҪΪͱ뾭һΡ𡱣ʵǼԪ١
ΨһڽеġԪ١ҳŹȥˣܹڽݻСǧ硣
ֻǣԪҲҪ𡱣Ҫʱġ
ַڽУֻԶԶƲϼԪ٣ֻǼԪٵףûг׿ʼ
һʼַ״̬Զȹ
У˾һܳɹǡǡ෴У򾳽ֻ֮һԴСǧҪɱ䣬ҪҪɱ䣬ֺγҪԴ
ַÿһλƿߣҪݻСǧ磬͵öȹڽļԪ١ּԪ٣һУڴлɱ䣬ҪԴ
ڽЩҪȹԪٵĽ˵ʲô籾Դʲôʯͳͳûжá
ܰǶȹԪٵıֻһǾСǧ籾Դ
ַĿ棬ͷգ·͸գһӴ磬ԶСǧҪӴ硣
ǧ磡
ӽ쿪ʼַҪͬĽǣһᡱСǧ籾ԴˣûκνҡЭ
ҪΪĽΨһİ취
ַ徲վյУԴѾʧˣֻʣַӰ˼ԪϵĿϲ֮ɫȴΪ⡣
Ϊڣַǿ󣬵ͬʱҲΣյʱ
ɣ𣿡
ַҡҡͷѾ֪˽İأνǣȴˣͨƿ˵ǻһǳͬľ硣
ַ˵ȴֵһᡣ
䣡
һַ̣ڽ򣬻ȫ汬֮磬ϯһУַڽ籾Դͳͳһȫݻ١
ֻл֮Լ֮µĻ磬ڽУ籩ʼǾζţַݻ֮·Ҳʼˣ
ʱַ壬ǣȴʤǡ
˵벽Ҳǡ֣


1555 ʤǣ
ಣ
Ԫһʱ䣬ɵַߡ
Ķַ壬´ַ壬ƺҪ뽫ַ忴ֻǣôƺ޷ַˡ
ַϣĳϤϢЩǼԪٵϢ˻𣬷·ַʱ᳹׻
ַ壬ϵϢܶأղ˻Դɱˣ
Ԫ𣬵ȴûһַصϢַ岻ƺҲ̫ܡ٣Ԫ޷ַڵжˡ
ƺԶԶǧ磬ƺԶԶûǧ磬һ綼ûУǳ֡
ǰɡ
ַ΢΢һЦԪЩɻ󲻽⣬֪ǡʲô˼ַȴûзܼԪ˼
Ϊַȷͨߵķ롣
ڵ״̬ʵ𣬵ȴʤͨƿҪΪҪСǧܱ֮ͬһְ취֤ǾﵽˣȻȻӵа֮Сǧͬ
ڣǿ֤ȴûгɹΪѾʼݻСǧ磬ڵ硢ͳͳݻˡֻʣ˻𣬲żԪ١Ȼҵ硢ͳͳݻˣԪҲ߱ŴֻҪҵڽûȫôҾͼӵڼԪٵͨ۷ҲԶԶҵĶ֡
ˣҼǿʱ򣬵ͬҲʱǿҿӽµһдڣҲڼԪ١
ַûκһһʮĽڵ˵˳ȻԪոʶãַȴѾȫ˼Ԫ
ԪˣֵñΣ
οݻСǧ磬˵ΣԪҲƿߣûа취ݻСǧ硣
ǿݻ·һ
ԭˣҪöˣȻлΪĽң˵ҡ
뵽Ԫ̲ס
Ҫۼ֤һλĽ˽⵽ģ˵һСǧˣһһǧһСǧ磬ҲһܹһλĽ
ڣҪۼ֤һλĵܲԪӵһԪʼ˴ˣζǾȴû˿ô
Ľ
ַ岻ǽַĽͣڵַ壬Կǰ벽ˣ£޵У
żԪϲı飬ַҡҡͷ̾һɣûɵϣСǧļԪ٣ûбʲôʱ򱬷ҲûСǧļԪٱõСǧ籾ԴܡڼԪûбʱõСǧ籾Դοң
СǧԪûбڽļԪ٣ȴѾʼˣʱܱҲ죬Ҳ죬Ҳʮꡢ꣬˵
ַҡͷȻĿǰĴǺܺã൱ϾȴûкڣҲûɥ
ŵϦӣ
ַѾϤ˽أϤеУνѾŵˣϵĴ㣬Ѿܹˡ
ˣ¼Ԫ̱ΪҽҲһ˿ź
ûɣǡ
ԪЩģҲ֪ϣռǵһԪ͵ΰڣҲﲻַ塣
е£ַֻܿԼ
ҵļԪٺʱһûбԪٻΪҽƬҵСǧ磬Ҳúúõˡ
ַ屳֣ȴһ˿ɱ⡣
ײСǧ硢ߵȵȣڵСǧ磬һƬңǼԪһ𣬿¶޷
ַֻǰͰ磬սǾʵʮӵս¶޷ȶڵľƣ޷ɨһС
ϾСǧײǧĽǣ᲻һЩջ£ۻ뵽µǰ֮۷塣
һܿ⣿
ڵַܣ
ַû׼㹻Сǧ籾ԴڽСǧ籾Դ֧ţб޻˵һΡʧܡͻơ
㡰ʧܡҲӵźɨһе
Ϊǰ벽ǾѾΪ˽ڼżԪٵİ벽
ɨһУûˣûֹ
ǰô꣬Ƕûлȥ߰ɣһصԪȥ
ǣַԪһѾ߿ռ䱦УѸٵ߿ռͨżԪܲȥ


1556 ǵϣ
䣡
յУһֻ޴צӴһֻ˫ľ͹绢һ㣬г
͹һצһݻ٣ƺԵú΢һ
ɨСǧ磬Ӧµģ
͹ޣһ򶼻ҪӴ󣬺ب֮УҲĹޣ飬ɢϢ
ٺ٣Щ޻ײаһôˡ
Щ޿ɶǿʬħ£ʬħ磡ʬħǿ۷ڣպܼλµټʬħļԪٻԶԶûеļǣλʬħСǧˡСǧײ֮һʬħ磬ʬħĲС
ЩģʬħĴԿȻûʲô³Сǧ磬Ѿϵ⣬׸ˡ
ʬħǽߵͦģûжǡ
ٺ٣ҶһΣǧ磬ļûǧ٣ҲûУھڼԪ֮ǰԴһ˼Ԫ٣϶иٵⷽСǧ硣ƾʬħҵôཱུߣ
ǼԪˣ˵λɷĺʧˡ
϶ˣֻǰ𣬾ǧΣʬħκһλ𣬶·һҿ˵ཱུ𣬵һʱҪѰַ壬ֻϧһ񣬲֪㵽
ЩޣʵҲЩߵۡƽʱЩֱӾһöϣЩ˸˺Ƭ
£ȴңΪЩǽߣ
ʬħʬħкаԵˣԽʱȴСǧײƹءָУʬħҲ̫ֻʵʵռȻѸոСǧԴ
䣡
ʱгһ޴ĹԼһͨˡ
͹޿һۣ漴һµǰһ򣡡
ʬħСǧгֵĽͨѾֲˣҲǡǣѸٵĳǰһȥ

ˣܲ
Сǧײ˵ȵȣ֮ǰַݻٵǧҲ̽һЩƿߡ
˾ͽһǿ
˻ûҵô
һۣϢƽֻͣһüƽ˼ϣȴսսͲ֮ӡ
ϾΰĿǰСǧ統֮ǿ֮һ
ҪѰҵĺѾץһЩԪ˵ĺԪϡһЩֶΣЩԪϿڣҲ֪ȥƲ⣬λ𣬼пȥѰҼԪˡ
һ۷𣬹վǰСĻ㱨š
ȥѰҼԪˣҲпܣСǧôӣҲȫƿأοһ𣿲ȥѰҵ˼ԪΣҲ˽ˣԪһռǲܶȹμԪ١ΣκһλĶ֣뷽跨ԪȳҲûκôˣȥΣַһ֣Ҫһʱ֪Ϣ
ǣһ߾ȫַϢ
𹧾뿪ˡ
۾΢΢һУ񶼻ǵýǰΰĽһҪϧһдַۣ壡
ٵΨһǼԪеСǧ籾Դ˵ĽҲ⣬һַֻ塣
һַܣɾǴһȵպһŽʯδܻʹ͡
ٺȴЩ⡣ַʧˣϢ˭Ҳַ֪ȥ
ʱƿߣôɣһҪţֻлţɽµ
յУǼ佥¶һ˿ЦβСǧ籾Դֻһλ𣬻ôСǧ磬ɵһˡ
ֻǣַ

һƫƧ統УȴŴƿߣвһЩ𣬹Ƕһţ硣
ôԪϵϢ𣿡
һУЩеʵ
ǼԪ˵һıʬħЩޣǵϢԴԽԽˡںϢһһʱֻǣȴûкκϢ
ûϢô
üͷڵľôţԪ˻ѾֻʣȼλԪڹӲд֧š
ˡֱԣˣΣ
Իһ
ǰַΣ
ڵСǧ磬Ѿǰһˣ˵ַˣַͼԪ𶼻ˣΣ
»úһأӲд
ϣܵһϣɣǵϣ
˿ֱļᶨ


1557 ֣
𣬲ˡ
Ȼһλƿߡ
Բʲôôʧ룿
ͻȻԲȻ֪ԲַĹϵˣַ뿪ҲһֱԲ𵱳ĸұۡ
ƴ󣬾Ԫ϶½䣬Բȴһֱĺúõģܵıӻ
˿̣ԲʮֽʬħѾҵǵˣǲ˾ԼܾһΧǡ
ܾţ
ɫ͵һ䡣
ȻôһˣԪ˵ĸʵʬħеĹϵֱӵ¼Ԫܲ𣬻նɱԪߣʬħ
ʬħףеʬħ𣬴˼ԪԪӵ߿ռʬħͷǳĶһҪʳԪ䡣
һԪ˳Ա֪Ԫ䣿Ҳ֪Ԫ䡣
ֻʬħĴһֱͱˣֻҪлᣬʬħͻԼԪնɱѾżԪʣµĳԱأӵôһСС統Уû뵽Ǳˡ
֪ͨˣ÷ֿɢ
´
Ƕôʱ䣬Ѿ˾飬׼һЩ÷һֵ˵ټ̾ͷɢߡȫٵ÷ĵصϡ
һʱɳ磬ͬʱƿߣȫǼԪ˳ԱҲѸٵķɳ硣
𡭡
ͻȻ䣬һֲŭƬ
ƿ߻һ𣬾жĻҲסˡ
⡭Ǿ
һݣʬħ絽׷ɱԪ˵ĳԱô᲻ռʬħϣ
֪ʬħ磬Ψһ׾ʬħǿܹһЩߡʬħ磬ȫûκһλߣʬħ磬ʵǿ
ʬħ£һľš
ЩдСǿ
Сߣ춼ԳΪһšǿߣǧڵ޵죬ֱݺ޵У֮һжΪҽ
ܾţʬħǿľ֮һųһǧ޵
һλӵ
žһͷͷܹޣΪһ⣬Ȼ˷۶ŰΧס
һԷȻ֪ǸΧˡ
ľܹޣ˷Χһ˲ϵĿЩͼŰΧȦû£ǰѸߵƿߣͳͳܾŸ˺Ƭ
˿֪ԷһܵĲ𣬾ҳȥҲӳ졣
ɡ
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оͰԲԼʣµľλԪϡ
ԭַ壬жʮһλԪϣСǧƴ䣬ھֻʣʮλԪϡ
Ԫ˵һСӶ԰СǧӴڶأӲд
һеʱ䣬Ҳʮˡ
ԲԼλԪϣƿߣһҲܰԵúܳĬ
ܹڵģĴ
ʣڵǣѾɽˮĵزһһԨȴް취
䣡
һͷױȵľ͹ޣյУ޼ɵɢſֲϢϢѹƵҪϢ
ǧǧ𣡾ǵļԪҲˡ
ĺַ壬׺޵Уȴûдﵽǧĳ̶ȡ
ȿֲĴڣǻʲô᣿
˵ɣǵļԪ𵽵
ʵ
ǧר׷ɱʮûУЩСáǡҲֻӡ
ھֻ뾡ҵԪȥСǧ硣ˣûжġ
ҡҡͷԪԼѹħ档˭Ҳ֪Ԫ㽫ȫɱˣҲҲҪĴ𰸡
ҲȻҲǺãһȺųı΢ߣռ˴õСǧ磬ȴǧûеǷڷʬħҲûҪԣͳͳ
һͬʱǾ޴ƣһĶ£ﷶΧڵмԪ˳ԱС
һƣҲûκϣ
ˣҲѾȲعˡ
۾һ̣Ѿûκڴ
ˣ
ȻһȦȦĿռлصš
ͬʱһڵ߿ռͨ͵ĸֶԼһ⣬߿ռͨ͵ķ˳
һ£ǰͻȻһ磬ǧı޴ıبյУɾһ֮ϡ


1558 ɣ
¡
һ£޴ǧ𣬾ûȫǾǰҲԵֵ
ǧıب֮УӲһ¾һȴ˿ƺûκε𶯡
ⲻþоܾŵ˶е졣
ھܾŵĲ죬Ԫ˵ĳԱյеȴһıļ
ΪԪ˳Աû˭ǸϤյеˡ
߿ռ䱦߿ռ䱦ѵˣ
һˣֻܿ߿ռ䱦
Լѹħֻߣħƿأɱȡ߿ռ䱦
ܱħնɱһ
Ԫ˵˼һ۾Ϳ˳߿ռ䱦Ԫ˵ܲ
ƿˣֻλϵԪ
ֻǣҲ֪ԪԼѹħ棬ô֣ܳ
ˣϲҲ˵ǡ
ܾĶ߿ռ䱦·Щš
ΪֹûʲôֵܹסһȭϾʬħǱȽƶ񤣬ﵱȻУǿǰһֵܵסǧһıȴûг֡
˭赲ҾܾŰ£
޴صյС
߿ռ䱦ĺبյУ·ûκλӦҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ŵ߿ռ䱦дһǲұ𣿡
ৣ
߿ռ䱦Ŵ򿪣ɳӰ
һӰϢûжôǿ󣬵ȴһƣһУ߿ռ䱦ֱӷɻС
Ӱĳ֣мԪ˵ĳԱˡ
ԪǼԪ𰡣
ȻĻˣ
˼飬ˣѵѾħ棿
ףߵǵӰϤ񡭡Ǻ𣿡
ԣǺһԣȥѰҼԪˣλǿǲǾһ֣ħնɱˣ
пܣ㲻նɱҲѹˣٷѶ
ͺ𶼻عˣǼԪڿ԰Ѷصˡ
Ԫ˵ĳԱ޲裬Ƿ·һӾͱˣо˰ȫǺַ壬ǼԪ𣬶ǼԪ˵Ĺǡ
λĹһع飬ȻüԪ˵ĳԱеޱȵİȫ
ǲ֪Ǵжôǿ֪¾ͲǼԪħ档
𣬴󲿷˶Ƕôǿ
ָֻߵǧ𣬲֪жôĿֲ
ǼԪ𣿡
Щ̫ţ˵ˣԪԼ߱ѹħ棬ħǵ
һѹǵĶ¿űﶼЩ˼飬ڸһӻعˣǾ͸Ӳ˼ˡ
ֱ߾ǰ˾ǼԪ
ԪһˣԪֻʣʮλԪϣһʱ䣬ɫҲ
ʬħߣǰηӽ쿪ʼǵСǧ磬ɱ⣡
ԪȻĿڣ͸¶İԵš
Ȼŭȵ֪ηվ㣬׸
ʼͣͬʱڵ֮ҲǷϯ󣬾ľܾţľܣƺܽϡ
գյγһͷױȵӴӰ
߱ѹ
ԾܾܵŵԪֻƮƮһף߱һתͱߴ󣬷·գֲϢ֮С
¡
һ߿ռ䱦֮ϣһ£߿ռ䱦Ȼʼҵ𶯣΢һξ롣
ԪҲһڽھҵ𵴡
ڣס˾Ĺ
ң߿ռ䱦һײֱֲ˾ܾƵĳԱЩԱͳͳһϡ
һ£þܾʧء
ܾżӳ
һŭƺѾ˱ŭľܾţƵĳԱҲ漴֮ţγһƵʣ֮ںһʵ˲䱩
˿̵ľǾĶ֮һ޵Ľӽ𡣵ļԪ𣬿߿ռ䱦ҲΡ
һʱ䣬ԪءǲʵҪսĻµþһ߿ռ䱦˲֮ءһܾţôǿʵأ
ңԪͬѹħԼĻڶʱڻܾܾţͲܡ
ֻǣһԪֻˣѹħˣȫֻ֣ϼˡ
ɡ
ڼԪ׼ȫʱȻԴһϤ
ţ𣬱塭
ԪԶ֣Ըַͱ¶
ַȴеĳƴ⣬˵ѾˡţĳȻóӭӣ
ͣ
ʱԪҲ˳ַĿ⣬еĳ


1559 ɱˣ㵲ס
Уƺ˺ƺƵľܾţûˡ¼Ԫ߿ռ䱦߿ռͨдҲûзʲô
ԪҲ˽ַ壬ַ֪岻޵ķʸˣȻô˵Ǿһԭġ
ǣԪ˵ͷһ
ַһһžܾȥĿȴ˿ҲûзھϣЩӾھܾ
Ǻˣ
һȣַȴŲʣ·ûƵģĿⶢеĳⲻþȻŭ
ö۷ǧսʬħľ֮һľܾţʲôʱӹ
ⷽСǧУų޵еļԪҲӲӲս൱ָߵͣ
һ֪ðƿߣȻ͸һʱ䣬ɱŷɽһҵķ
ܵɱ⣬ܵļԪ˳ԱȴһĶŴ졣֪ǰİ˭ȴ֪Һ
ôȥԸˣ
ǽڼԪǿ𣬵ǧ𰡣оܾŵļӳ֣ʵ֮ǿֱ˿ѷɫӵ߿ռ䱦ļԪ𡣺˾٣ǲЩдˣ
²ô򵥣԰ꡣȻԪˣ˵ԺӦģǱ˺ݣ棬ӡѾʮ겻˭֪ʵ̶ֳˣ
Ԫ˵ˣַ֪ʵ²ַ֪ʵݹַı֣Ҳ̫ȡ
Ծ˵ַӣֱǶ衣
ܾţɱ
һ̣ɱڡҲַ徿ǰǧˣҲַʲô֮ɱڣҪһǰ˸׺ɱɻҽ
֣
ַеĳȴûпһۣ𺬺ޱַƺҲûзС
ҲգһЩ޹ؽҪˡ
ַڽĿƶ˾ϣҲ˶ѡԾһַûжĶֻһָ
ֻһָǰһ㡣
䣡
ַĽֻһָУȴΪһռȫ
ң·пֲѹϢо·ҪϢһ㡣
Ҫ֪ǧڵǧڵĶǼӳ˾ܾţʵܹһԳΪĶ֮һ
ԪȣҲѷɫԪû߿ռ䱦Ǹܱѹ
ڣѾӳ˾ܾŵľ𣬶Ķ֮һȴַһָепֻš
ôܣ
·𲻸Լ۾ͬʱһѾַһָݺײһ
䣡
Ȼһ촫ҲǿһЩȴûо춯صĶַһָͷ·ĳìһ׾پ˺˾Ĺ

ƣ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣǿֱѹžܾˣػ·һݺݵ£ٺݺݵġѹһ
һ̣д־壬ַ֪Ķָ֡ǰ𶼸ов
ַһָʵȴһգۼ䣬Ѿ˾ǰɣһָȥͻû˿ңܾţҲҪȫ
֮дֲҲ̲סһƺƴҪˡֻǣֲѹƺѹסܡ

¶һ˿֮ɫôҲû뵽ĪһİƿС
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣ͵Ĵһ
䣡
ͬʱըѣһǿƺȻ֮£һǶԪ𣬶¶Ȼ֮ɫæʩչ߿ռ䱦סȫ
ĻƣѹƼԪˡ
һ𣡡
Ԫ麧ȻôμԪ٣᲻ϢǰͻȻƣʣƣ
Ŷóˣ
ַĿ⣬ҲͻȻƵİƿϡ
ס֣
İƿһһ䣬·˼ĵһϡַ廹ԶƺնһӺˣﷶΧ֮ڣͳͳֻ֡
ֲһ𡢶еĸоѹƣʵൽѹơ
𿴵İƿʱ̲ס¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ󺰵
ֻ޴Ѿֶ£ҵһʱ佫ھܾŶץУҪ̷ء
ַȴҡҡͷĿһ˿â
ɱˣ㵲ס
ɱ
һַ̣һָٿȻӿ죬գۼ͵˾ǰҲİƿߵǰ
ǣһָһƣȻײ


1560 ˻ʬħ磬Բ
֪
İƿЦһ
ͨ𣬶ܹ𣬶ʬħ磬ϵʬħ
ַľ磬Ҳ֪ӦǵʵҲôĽһơ
һƺƽʵϣѾ˼˳ϵʨӲȫʬħȻо衣
ʬħ𱾾ƣһƸǶ˰˳ִټܱˡ
ţƾһƣҲһҪַԸСĿ
ַȴûСע⡱ʬħĴ㣬ֻһָֻһָҪʬħײʱַ͵ıһɻ
䣡
ǻ
һַ̣еַʲôѾû磬û˽û֮
򣬶Щת
ʱַ壬ģͬʱҲǿġ֮ǿΪʧȥ磬ʧȥһЩ򣬵ȴӵŸӿֲ
Ǿǻ֮
ܴݻ磬ݻٽݻСǧĿֲַֻһڵĻ֮ʱգ·һӰ֮С
䣡
ڣַָʬħƣݺݵײһײ޻ڵײΰ֮һӲӲ
ǼԪ𣬶ԶԶģܵ˲߿ռ䱦ס˼Ԫ˵ˣ򣬹λײһನ״ݻܵһУǶҲ⡣
ನס
⡭ⲻ֮ʲô
ַָʬħײһ˲䣬ʬħϵЦȴ͵ˣ·ʲô˼һ
ܵһɻһɷ·ԵֵĻ˳ַָУȻ䱬˳ͬɽѣͬǿձһ㣬ʬħмܡ
꣡
ǣʬħѿˣͬһ˲顣ַһָȴ·ûܵʲôӰ죬ֻٶ΢ܵһ谭ȴɳžһָȥ
ϵЦҲˣ·𶼲šĿУܵġһġȻ޷סֱַһָ
ңҡ
ַһָ˾ϣʱ䶼һܵһжֹͣ˵ĿⶼַָԼӴ֮ϡ
䣡
ټ·һɿֲı˲飬ʬħǿľ֮һľܾţҲǿ˲ݻ١
ˣһ˿ۼû¡ܾҲݻˣΪ˻ҽ
ַһָܾŸ𣡾䣡
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һУַջֶ֣·ղŵһУƽһƵģ
ʬħ£ɱ⣬·Ϊʵһ㡣
ң
ʬħҧĿĶַ塣
ǰʬħǰʬħ硰ǰַһָɱ˾
ǵڴôһλѿ
Ѿˣʬħûôѿ¡ǵʬħ绹һŻңǧ罵׵£ûôѿ
ڣȴһСǧİƿߣӲˣһʱ䣬ʬħɱڷڡ
ַ嵭Ŀʬħܿóʬħǿǿַǿߣֻħʬħ
ħôַܿ϶ħʬħ𣬿»ᱻ
еĲ࣬ʬħʵǧУҲǶĴ֮һ
Ļǧʬħʬħ磿
֮ǿȴַӲڡַҲǵʵˡ
һĻüԪ˵˺𺳣ǼԪҲˡ
ȻԪв²⣬ַ廹ԪϸĽ͹ַһ£ۼַһλһˡ
ַ֪ʵļԪ𾪣οԪ˵ĳԱǸĿɿڴ·𲻸ǰһĻƵġ
ˣžܾţȫûΪ˻ҽֻǺһָ
ʲôѵûʶλݣʬħǴ˵е𣡡
𣬶ԣһʬħףʬħ𣡺Ȼһָʬħ𣬼ֱ˼飬ǲζţҲ𣿡
ţǼԪڵһλˣϣΨһϣ
˶ĿȵĶַӰ
ַΪֱκϢҪҪ𺳣ۼˣĵþ޷ƽ
һЩǵˣıǡ
ʬħǿɲһ𡣸ʬħ磬Щƿߵ˵ʬħһ֮ǧ罵еĶλάʬħİλǧѾʬħǲˡ
ʬħʵɼһߣ
Уַ·֪ʬħһЩṦΰ֪λ𣬾жô¡
ֻǵʬħһۣ漴Բɵ俪ڵ˻ʬħ磬Բ


1561 
˻ʬħ磬Բ
ַлصšԶļԪ˳Ա仰ҲоѪڣ಻סļ
ǰ
ʲôʱ򣬼Ԫ˵İˣ
ʮ䣬Сǧ磬ǧ罵ߵȵȣԪ˶ѹôʬħľ׷ɱ£Ԫ˳ԱֻܶأѾڹӲдˡ˭뵽гһգԪ˻üһ죿
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֪ҼԪҲôöԸġԪ𣬶ѾعˣҲǼԪʱˡ
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ˣԴӱʬħԺ󣬾ҲûĻˡǱ̫ʴˣǲ֪ϣ
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ܶ˶ֶ֪ΡǧнԽλ𣬱նɱһλشλ
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ʬħı鶼ޱһ·ʬɽѪɱ¾һߵ˽죬֪նɱ˶ٵ˶֡ǧĽߣҲնɱࡣ
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ܸܵʬħǿͰ࣬ĻΪôпܣʬħĶ֣
һΪǾӵ˰֮ʱ򣬶ҲѾûôǿˡ
ַʱͬʱȴҲǿʱû֮ȴӵŸӿµĻ֮
ǻԴԪٵռԪǰֻҪɽôһоͶữΪһҡ
ˣַ֮£η壡
ĶҲ˲ٵļԪ١ȻˣǾٸһΣٵɣ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡͬʱַ岻ڽеĻϢȫı˳
¡
ַ屬ˣ߾ȫޱڵĻϢڣ֮Ű·Ԫ١
ֻǰȣһжƽĻܼ꣬Ҳܼǧ꣬ڽļԪٶᱬǻһֱ
ǿжڽеǾͻٻḶ̌ӶпüԪǰ
ַƺͲ⡣
޼ɵıڵĻӿȵĻ·СǧĻԴңӦ
һʱ䣬Ƭնڡ·𱻻ĺѾûעʬħˣûעַ塣
˵עǹɺɫ֮СΪɫУ̺ŻϢ⣬̺һɼԪٵϢ
Ԫǰˣ
Ԫһ
Ԫ٣ܣôǼԪ٣
ʬħҲסˣѪ۾Ҳ¶һ˿ǡ
ֻǣһַ̣ȴܲˣЯźɫĹ·޿赲Ĵƣݺݵĺʬħ
䣡
һ춯صСǧ綼𶯣ַ߹ĺɫͬһ㣬˲ͽʬħӴû


1562 ٣

ʬħҽһޱȵʲôǹĻһ㣬û͸ڽ򣬽ڽͳͳݻ١
һһʬħѾоϢףٲٲ취ֻ·һ
ôܣ
ʬħôҲţʬħΨһףܹǧߡ
һʵֱ춯أĶ޵
ǿʵ޵е𣬾Ȼַһĵֵסᣬʬħôţ
УԲʬħ磬ƣ
ʬħƺһӡѡ˹ʲôĻĻûκνҡ
ǣСǧٶȶԼһɸӰʬħ˲佫ʬħС
䣡
ַһ漴ĻƺҲһӱϣȫսַڣַܸܵõʬħ
ַĻĹƽصַڣ㾲ĿԶʬħ
ô˵ʬħҲӳ죬ӹһ٣ĻַĻ֮Уʬħɣ
ʤˣʤˣ
̫ƽɫ
ԣǺʤˣǴȫʤûϾ¶ûκεˣûжһ£ֻһ֣ʬħͲֻ롣
ΪеĶ𰡣ʬħ׻ܡ
һЩͨƿߣǶ۷ʵҲԣͲַ֪λʤҲ֪еġΣա
źַֻһ֣ʬħҲûʲô̫ˡ
ʵϣղŽֻһʬħͲˣ֮ʬħЩ̫š
Ƕ𣬻ֵסַһ
ղϢȴޱȵʵʬħһͻЩ¡
ַ帺ֶ۾΢΢һУ˵ʬħˣӵа֮ⷽСǧ磬㱾ܵʬħСǧײĳ˵ʬħѾⷽСǧ˴˾Ϊһ壬ȻܵһЩʬħ
ַѾˣĻֻСǧˡղŴʬħϱʬħ֮ȫͬƴۻ롢ĮǾʬħ
Сǧ
ųܹӵа֮öʯΪƿߣǱûСǧĳϣܹΪ
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ôԼСǧ統У֮ܵСǧԵ˽дȻҲĵСǧ½ֻһ˿˿Сǧ硰סҲǳˡ
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һΣѵΡΣ
ַĿⶢʬħɲ׼Źʬħ𡣷ĻʬħڣǶⷽСǧѡ
һλ𣬳ַԼ⣬Ԫ޷⡣
㵱ҪϾɱʬħ磬¾ǾۼȫҲκβ˱
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ոǹɻʵֲ̫ˣܲ
ַ帺ֶԹЩţ˿ͲΪ⣬˵ƾЩ߹ˣǰ
ȷַ˵ûκ塣֪ʬħܹӳЩŵҲȡʤ
ӳ־ŵٶ࣬һʮڻǰҲֻһ³ǾǱΪҽ
ʬħɫ࣬СĵĶַ塣ȷЩŵӳ֣ʵҲûκε
ʬħҪ˵ЩʲôʱȻдһİƾʬħȻԶԶټأ
İԶһ㣬صڶߡ
ţ
ַ͵̧ͷżͻӰ۾΢΢һС
⼸ӰȻͳͳ


1563 һ£
ַ屳֣ĿŽٵӰ
ӰûмɢϢȴޱȵϤ𣬶Ǻʬħһ
ֻǣַͼԪȻոշСǧ磬Ҳ˽Сǧ磬ǽߣҲ޼ôһӾð
ַ循ɲʬħҲܾȡû뵽Сǧص𣬾Ȼˡ
Ϊ׵һλʬħȴʶġ
㣿
ʬħЩƣ֪ǧĽߣǧĽߣûа֡ꡱĴڡ
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ҾɡʬħҲòɣǲר̸㣬ֻΪҪԸǺˣйͬĵˣ㣬ȻǶһʤ㡣ǰĺ𣬿ԶԶ󰡡
У¶һ˿̾
ţ֪ǧеĶ֮һַȻǿĶ֣αطô£ڳôƣ
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Ŀ⣬ѿΪ׵𣬸Ƕ𣬶еٮٮߡ
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Ǽֱȵ컹ѡڣ𣬾ȻľⲻʬħҲСĽľ
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ʬħЦɲһǧƿߣʬħޱȵ˽⣬ǿɲôϡ
ʬħһۣЦҲոսǸղʬħҲͲΣһˡ
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ʬħҪ죬ȴʲô˵
ͨƿ߲֪ղַ֮ѵҲղʬħȷǲַУһЩļ¡
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ʬħԱȴûһˡתͷĿصĶַ壬˵𣬲˵ѾˣǽɱĽӦһ£֪˵ĶԲԣ
ĻַһΡӡ˶Է
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ڻǽǰ
û˻Ļһȴ˲ͻû˲ֻ֪нܶȹռԪ١
ⷽСǧļԪ٣ֻⷽСǧг֡ʬħ磬һСǧ磬Сǧ໥ײ˴˾ڣǴûֹܹ
ȻСǧڣֺô׶ҲУ׶ˣСǧƿ߶
Ԫ٣ռԪ٣
һһСǧ籬ռԪ٣ôСǧ磬ûеԪٱʱ䣬ҲᱻӶռԪ١
Ҳ˵Сǧ磬ѾǱ˴һ𣬲ֱ˴ˡ
˭ΪαܶҲΪǸңɼ
ڣȴƺַΪʬħҲһӱĿɿڴ
ҲֻмԪܱĵƽΪѾַĽˡ
ܡһ֮ǰŽֻǶôܳΪǽɱ䵱Уֵܵסģ
ʬħһʾš
ղַԶ֣ȻַĻȷǿǿһɱȴûֺƺƵȫѹĲࡣ
ʬħţַղʩչǽ̶ֳֻȣǼֱһֱ׷ѰĽ
ȴܼᶨЦ˵ǧȷַǽپϴﵽˣֻǻɱˡǶ˽Ҫݻڽ򣬳ΪСǧ磬ֻǣݻ̣ܶݣҪôҪôڰ벽
λҲý벽ô¡ʵڵĺӦʱʱпµĻ֮һ̣пܱԪ٣ڽ򳹵׻ΪҽкܶĽӣһһڵ죬ȲǾûκεĽҡ
ûв´ڣżԪ١һ࣬пǰԪ٣ûдСǧ籾Դ£ǰԪ٣·һ𣬲֪˵Ŀд
ƵᣬĿȴʱ޿̲ڶַ塣Ļº󣬸ǵһʱ䣬Ķַ壬©ַκεı仯
𣬻ʬħڼԪ𣬶Ķַ塣
˵ַλ벽ǿɾʱ䣬Ͳвˡ


1564 һϰɣ
ַĮȻĿѾ֪ݣ˵ǽߣȻ˵ĿĶһĿģַ壡
Խк˽⣬֪ǰ벽кε赲
ַĿҲûκֱӳϣȻĻӦ
䣡
˶һƬȻַ׿ڳϡ
Ȼǽľ磬ȴɱ䣬ʲô˼
ƿߣǽӡ˲ʲôСǧ磬ǶǽӣлΪġл᲻һܳɣߵһĶ֮٣û뵽Ȼɹߵһ
Ҳ˵ںѾ˹ؼʱ̣ɹܳΪĽʧܣͻٲ䣿
ӦǽأҵѰƿߣܴ⣿
˶۷׷ףĿⶼַϣĿ⻹ޱȵĻȡܹۼһλǰ벽Ҳǳѵˡ
ǽ
ʬħţƺšղһȴʬħȻƺһжˡ
ַϣΪûǵϢһɿֲĻûʬħ룬ʬħ͵ֵסɻԭǾǻԴܴݻСǧǼԪٵס
˭뵽ַǰ벽ȴڣ˵ˣû˵
أĶַ壬漴ڵ£ľ翰ƽʵϣΣյ״̬һڽУ֮˼Ԫ٣ܾԶҲ޷ΪĽˣҵֺξ֮У
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ַ塰벽ݣϧλǧĿľΪַֹ塣
˵Ϊ˲ַ˳Сǧ籾ԴӶΪĽ
֮˵ЩԭҲܼ򵥡СǧײõСǧ籾ԴӴ
Щ𱳺Ľһòͻزǧ硣һزǧ磬ҲռԪ֮£Ϊһҡ
ַ˳ġ˼Ԫٱַ벽Ժɨķʱ˭ܵõһǰСǧ籾Դ
ܹΪߣǽߣǱƿߣûһɵӣҶȨס
ڼԪ֮£һжΨʵʵǰַ޴вǻСǧ籾Դɻסʱ»صǧ磬Ҳ˳ˡ
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û뵽ʬħⷽСǧײܵⷽСǧӰ죬һռԪ٣ҲʬħռԪ١
ʱ򣬾ʬħҲữΪһҡˣڵʬħŰ취ҪչһЩԴʹԼĸǿӦռԪ١
ֻǣҪַһλ벽ԣֵ
ƺʬħԥֱ˵ʬħЭһնɱַ壬ȵԪٿʼ󣬱ŵһЧҵĻᡣ𣬶Ƕ𣬽һܾʱҲܻصǧ磬ӶܿռԪ٣ûΪһҡ
ʬħЩĶʹ˶ʯƿߣԼ޷Ϊѹ˶ԴʵնҪһʽףϣܹԴȡǧĻᡣ
ڣĳŵлΪ˱µʬħﻹйǣ
ʵʬħ֪һѡǾѡվַһߣ
˭ַܿѾǰ벽ˣֻҪܹȹһ٣˵лΪĽ
ʱַܴͬǰǧ磬ܳΪַĸ
ʬħȥ
ַһܹΪжôãַ״̬ܹܲһضܲ˵
˵ҪΪɲֻһݡСǧ籾Դܹɹġ
ĽӣѾݻСǧ磬Сǧ籾Դȴʧˡԭ˭˵
ڽļԪ٣жôң˭˵
ַҪΪĽ֪ҪѹأʬħҶ
ಣ
ʬħѾѡɵߣ̬Ѿȷˡ
һ˶֪һսˡַȴ·ûκθоһֻǾվյУֶһʬħߴ
һϰɣ
ַĿûһ˿η壬еֻƽ


1565 𳤺ӣƲɵ
ɱ
һȣûκԥֱٶȣ֮񱬷ԶԶһ𷶳롣
ʬħ𶼻Ҫǿ
¸ս죬ΪҪһǾֻһֿܣǾǳΪα
ֻǣҪΪαǺεȵѣҪľҪһŽʯһŽʯֻĽ
ңһŽʯĽ˵ҲǳûбҪͲʯ
˱ĽһλᡱĽûһŽʯġᡱпһŽʯ
ѾõһЩʾһɣַץǧȥպһŽʯһ
ΪαΨһϣҲȫ
֣ҲͳͳˡӵŰ֮һ֣Сǧ綼ھҵţ·ҪСǧ綼顣
ʵϣӵа֮ѾƻСǧˡȻһСǧ磬ַڵⷽСǧɲ򵥣˰˴μԪ٣ѾСǧе۷ˡ
СǧҲҪɱ䣬Ǿ͵ñһһεļԪ٣ԾλޡŴμԪٹҪôɱǧ磬Ҫôͱ׻
ȻⷽСǧ缴ھŴμԪ٣ҲռԪ٣û˻ãⷽСǧܹɱ䡣
ôСǧ磬֮ȴûһСǧܹɱɹ
˴μԪٵСǧ磬ޱȵȹ̣֧ô֣һЩֻһΣһμԪٶûгֹСǧ磬¾ԳôĴսˣСǧ綼пܱ֧顣
䣡
Сǧ𶯣ڡ
ȻⷽСǧ粻ᱻλ飬ȴСǧ𵴣ȴԱ⡣֮£пǰԪ١
Ϊ˶Ըַ壬Ѿûʲô˼ˡ
оţӳ
ʱʬħҲˡһȣоŵӳԼϣͬʱʬħϵǱһѾҪӽʵˡ
ңʬħһ޷ƣǾһ˿ʬħһ˿ȴַĻ֮
ַ壬
ʬħҲû˿ԥȻѾ˾ͲڡǣʬħҲЯſֲ֮󣬳ַ͵ĺȥ
һߴ𣬶ǸеĶһֱ֣šǼԪ߿ռ䱦ɫЩ԰ס
üԪļ²ѡ
ָоֵַĻ߿ռ䱦ᱻɿֲ˺ѡ
߿ռ䱦ܣҲ޵У
ԪˣԪ˳Աַ壬ȴΰˣѹ֮£һ£·ҪķĪ˵ֱɿֲˡ
ַߴ𣬼ڵ״̬Ҳ޷ӡ
Ҳ˶ѡη壿ǲܵģԶܡ
ַڽڣ֮ţ·ҪһɸӴĻ֮ǾǼԪ١
ַҲκη壬־磬ﻹʲôη壿
ǶԽһ֪
ַ̾Ϣһû״̬ƺľڵһһ˳ƺַһС

ղˣΪôҲûû֪벽ʵ
ַ忴ν֮νıνĽʵǲһ绹ǱֻǽڹǰʲôữΪҽ
ַûд֮ȴӵл֮ڽĻ֮ѾŴ֮һǾǼԪ٣ݻַٰڵˡ
ԣʲô
䣡
ַ֣һӡ
ʱյг˺ƺƵһ𳤺ӣ𳤺ӣǰӿŨĻ֮
СǧĻԴ
һɻĸоͷ
¡
𳤺ߴ֮ݺݵײһַ˿𳤺ȴһƲɵֱӡѹߴ֮
񣬳ߴϯȥ
ǹɿֲĻľս·ֱԪһ
ʬħ磬ס
ʬħкȻû뵽ַһȫ˵Ŀֲ˵Ȼ֮֮ղŶԸԼʱֹǿʮ
ʱʬħѾûʲô˼ˣʬħ
ʱʬħϣԼһ޴Ӱĳ֣ǲʬħڽ򣬸硣
ǣСǧ磡
һַ̣ĻȴûκֱͣͣӺƺƵŻһеƣߴͳͳûʬħҲ⡣
ʬħһʬħӰҲ𳤺Ӹûˡ


1566 㲻ң
ܣʬħ硭
ʬħһĺȻȻ֮䣬оڽе֮ʬħңӦأ˿ʬħȻûκεĸӦ
ûʬħ磬ַǺƺƵĻʬħεֵ
ţ֮ӿȣ֮ȻʱͺԿһݿƵģƺƵѹݻ١
㡭
ʬħһɫ䣬оϢͷ·֮ǰоϢһʼնţַôʬħĸӦ
˿̣ʬħλ𣬻סˣһ罩Ӳһ㡣
ַ֮УһۻУƺѾҪߴ𣬵˵ȻѾԱ˽ô˽⵽յʱ򣬾кΰأ
ʱ򣡡
ʬħһý֪Ķʵ̫̫ˣأֱʬħضҪࡣ
벽ʱϢϢأΰĽҲ޷յôᶼһСǧƿϣ
ˣˣǶˡ
Ȼ֮䣬ַʱһӡ˹Χĳ𳤺Ӳӿϵʴǵڽ
ӵ֮ӵֻصĿֲΣ߱޷ֵס֮ʴֺοǵı
ѵ̧ͷ鸴ӵĿַ壬ͳ𣬲ܹΪ벽кܴϣΪǿߡΪѾ˽ֶˣڿҵ͹ֶΡ˵ҸͲ⣬벽ֶΡ
ĵȷܿɬ
ַ֪ǰ벽ַ֪һ֣ܻᱬԪ٣ӶĽΪҽ
ֻǣǧ㣬ȴ©ʱ򡣶ңûʱֲĻ𳤺ӣҲΪΪͲ֪֮жôĿֲ
硢Сǧ磬ܱ֮ݻ٣οǣ
ˣǰˣܵһͿأ
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ޱȵķ
أ
ֻǣַĻ𳤺ӣȴûи˵ĻˣƺƵĻ𳤺ӣ˲ϯߴͳͳ촷ۣΪ˻ҽ
ţ
ַķ֣ڻ𳤺УȻûʬħλȻ𣬵ڻ֮ǰһֿ֮ûС
ͳͳΪ˻ҽϾûʬħӳֵʬħ𣬸͵ֵסַĻַ֮ʱ򣬽סʬħһ˿
ȴû
ַһץһԲӲӣɢʥâıʯԼһ˿ꡣ
ˣûȥ
˼ֵܵס֮ɲ
ȻʯƺҲ֧ţ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䣬ַ˵Ҳо塣˵ֵܵס֮һ˲ǳ˲ˡ
ǣַɴཫʯսڽУɻַ֮ڽ򣬳˻֮ӻĻ⣬ֻкƺƵĻŰˡ
򶼳Ż֮һص·š
¡
ַ彫ߴ赭дնɱСǧȻ֮䶼ƬգͻȻ֮䣬һɾ޴Ĺ˽ȣƺƵĽٶ
ɢŵĿֲϢ
һ֣ӿСǧֹ֮ǷĻԼԼСȴ޷ݻٹ
ַܸܵӹдһŭ𣬷·һֻ֣Ҫӹһͷֻǣȴƺڼɵʲô˿ֲŭϢ⣬ûı仯
ô£
ǽͨѵǧн߽
ǧĽԽԽƵˣôôĽߣ
ԣȷǽֻͨǣͨһĽͨҪ̫̫࣬еϢǿֲ
һĽͨ
һЩСǧƿߣ֪һͨȴû֪⵽ô¡
ΨһЩǧ罵ߣͨʱ·ʶʲôһĶɫ䡣
ˣǷôǽٰ
٣ôܣ٣ǲҪˣҪӣ
ʹΰĽҲ⽵һСǧ磬䣬⻹ǵھŴμԪСǧ硣һ٣СǧȻСǧĵھŴμԪ٣ҲռԪ٣һᱬʱ򣬼ǽҲ
˵Ϣǽ
һЩ߶ԶԶģ޷ôн٣Ϊ棬
ûһλðա
ַһһ̧ͷŹһͷ·𿴵һŷŭ
ãַЦˡ
㲻ң
ƮƮһ仰ȴͨ𵴣һɿֲĻϢȻԼӹһͷ
޵нϢ
ַ壬ץס㣬ܾĥ
һİַԺͻȻ֡Ҳ˶ѣŻ£޴ĽͨҲСǧĹ֮ƣȻ顣

ַĽ֪ͨһλѾˣңǲݣ
Σվǲҽٰ
ַţǼ¶һ˿Цݡ


1567 ޵У
ͨվǻˣʧƬָֻƽ
ಣ
ȵյеĽͨɢˣԪ˲Ÿҷɹ
ԪЩɲʵ𣬸ղͨƺܲ򵥣ѵҪ٣
ַ忴һۼԪ漴ҡҡͷȻѾµˣαػôСţ
Ԫһĵͳѵǽ
ʵԪѾµ˴μԪ٣ĽͨҲ֪жˡûм˿ֲĽͨ
˴˵еĽ٣ûĿˡ
٣鷳ˣһ٣Сǧͻᱻ˲ݻ٣ǲĴ١
Ԫ硣ڽִţѾȻ˭ûмƲǿ
ֵǣܶСǧ磬Сǧ籾ԴĹؼʱ̣ûм١ôͻȻ֮нҪ٣
ַ忴˿գͨʧķ漴ҡҡͷҽ٣
ҽ٣ΪΡ
Ԫ죬ַϵʵڶϤصһ̣Ѿ֪ԭ򡣽ҽٵǵСǧ磬ԭܼ򵥣Сǧ缴ھŴμԪ٣ҲռԪ١ǲԶûнѣʵСǧһͬżԪ١
һһĽͣԪŴ죬Ϊ𺳡
ţǹڽš
ˣԪ𶼲һšַ˵ԪȴòţΪַʵѾһλ׼ˣ벽ѾͽûʲôֻΪڽûݻСǧˡ
ַУѾûκܡ
ַڽ򱻻֮ݻ٣ӻпӶĿʼݻСǧ磬һַˣνĽǲ
ҲˣΪνôǲµƿߣȥСǧжȡСǧ籾Դԭܼ򵥣ΪҲҪȹСǧļԪ٣
ÿһλСǧʵСǧ磬ûжҲҪȹԪ٣ʱһȻͻмԪ١
ҪȹԪ٣ͱСǧ籾ԴǴСǧ籾ԴС
Ȼ֪ȹһμԪٵĽĶǿ󣬵϶ֵĺô
ַƲ⣬˾Ųʮǿ˵ĽôŭҲվûн٣ַ͸ӵĿ϶Ĳ²⡣
׽Сǧ磬ڵСǧ磬ʱпܱԪ١
һռԪ٣˽ڵСǧ磬ᱻԪһ𱬷ʱǽҲпܱԪٻɻҽ
ˮۣˣ
𣬽ֶڶֶ࣬Σǻǵö
Ԫַ塣
ȻһЩҡ
Щַû˵״̬ڵȷá˵Ķԣһ⶯֣ʵӿڽеļԪٱ
ԪٱǾζַ忪ʼݻСǧ硣˶ܹﵽһܹݻСǧ硣
ϾһɹǾĽ
ַ˵ʵԶԶûеݻСǧľʱûСǧ籾ԴóȻݻСǧ磬ֻ·һ
Ԫ𣬽߿ԲȥСǧ磬һҪУԴҪС֮ǰնɱߴûв´ĻʵеСǧеһЩǽߣˣСǧ磬ӦöûˣżԪˣεƿסСǧ硣
֪ͨңȥ
ַڻ¶͸¶ƣǼԪҲҪ۷ǣַ廹СǧΨһϣɹȹԪ٣ÿַ塣
ģһٶȣСǧ磡
Ԫص˵
ַҲܷģϾԪ£޵ǲԼԪΪ

ʱƣԼؽļԪšַߴһսѾСǧ硣
˶ţռԪ˵ĺ𣬾ȻһԾϣΪ޵У
żԪԳ֣ҼԪٶȣʬħԼһСǧ磬໳ɵ˶Ŀʼת̬ȣĿʼ
ûַݿ࣬һսնɱߴʬħӲһСǧеߣӲ
ʵϣЩϢͨͨĽǣһܡʵԼԪЩĶһĶûκεֿ
Щ߱ĽƺҲһӡĬˣûκζ
һĻʵ̫ˣʲôʱ򣬽Լ䱳Ľôʵ
ַնɱߴǼ٣Ԫ̬ȣ¼ԪڵһǿѾˣǼԪ𣬶λĪ⣬пĺ
ԭΪߡСǧײԵҵСǧ磬ƺڼԪ˵ǿơѹ£ֽĹƽ
ʱʢһߣ޵еĺַ壬ڼԪܲУȴƽ


1568 һٽ
УַǰǿŽӲԲıʯƯַǰܿʯꡣ
ַһ㡣
ˣ
ʯ̼ܵ漴ʯڵ꣬ҲھҵĲţ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫ
ͣͣϽͣ£ҪʲôҶʵԸ档
ӱʯд
﾿ʲô
ҵһСǧõıܹ꣬ʵغܼӲ۷𣬶Դݻ١ΪԷһһֱţΪ֮û뵽õˡ
̾һԭΪѾƻһУһСǶôĿЦһ𣬾ȻҴһλ벽ھϣѾǿڡ
ô䵽Ľ֣ҲͲôˡ
ַҲǾ֣Ȼ鱦ʯܼһʱ䣬Ϲ鱦ʯҲ֧Ųס
ңֻʣһָ꣬졣ȴǱסˣʲôʱ򣬱סҪġ
˵˵ɣ㱳˽Ҫ֪һϸϢ
ַ嵭˵ţڵȷѡ
һַ壬ƺںûãĿ¶һ˿ᶨƺ¶˾ġ
֪֪ʲô֪ΰĽ»᲻ήٰɣ
ַȴҡҡͷ㱳Ľҽ٣һ٣СǧļԪ٣ڵļԪ٣Ϊҽ
ʲô㶼֪ˣ
һǾԵܣеܡ˽ԼĳЩĸ˭Ҳ֪
ֹغܣڽУ֪ҲָϾὫԼܻ㱩¶
ԣҶ֪ˡ˵ھϣѾǽˣˣĳЩܣȻ
ԭˡ
ҳЦҡҡͷǵ͹ַλ׼԰ȻַѾǡ׼ЩܣȻȻ֪ıҪࡣ
ǣҲԥ²ҽ١ֻһλոճΪõһٽСǧ磬ֻһμԪ١ǲִ֮併٣СǧռԪ٣ڵСǧ磬ҲᱻԪ٣ʱǽ¶ķա
ַüëһ⵹Ʋ˾Ųʮࡣ
ô˵ҪʵʵƶڵСǧ羭һһεļԪ٣ӶСǧҲɱԽԽǿճɳΪǧ磿
ַһ˿â
ԣʵƶСǧ籬Ԫ٣ڼԪУСǧȻܹѸͣʵɱУнܹȹŴμԪ٣ҲռԪ٣ǾܹΪǧ߸ϣĲڣ
ŴμԪ١
ַһ˼ı顣
˵ַܹݻСǧɹʵҪȹڽļԪ٣һɹǾһٽ
˱Ľͬľ硣
ֻǣַԼҪȹԪжôѣڵַ壬һɵİնûУɹĿ΢΢
Сǧ籾ԴҪСǧ籾ԴǴСǧ籾ԴܶȹԪ٣ҲôչСǧ籾Դԭ
ַãԺƺڻص˱Ľַָо˱ĽôưոݣԷһή٣
ʲô취ý٣ֲ¼ԪٵӰ죿
ַ̧ͷĿһ⣬ţһ֪
ĵϸַҲ˳۷˵Ľóֵǿˡ
һֱΪֻαˣĽ˽Ҳǳ֮ࡣңΪ˽ĸҲ˽˽ܡ
ַ⣬ãһҧ˵ͷϣպΪ˽ܸһλᣬһֻתĻᡣ
ԡ
ַûԥֱӻش
һֻתĻˣݻСǧ֮һֻصĻᣬַ˵ֻǾ֮ͣײˡ
ʵһְ취ȷý٣˵൱ڽ٣ֲܵԪٵӰ졣
ʲô취
ֻҪһ߽Ǿܹ併ٵСǧ統Уֽڽ£޵Уû´¶Ժʱڱصãôһǲ٣
ȷ˵һ취ַͷһƺҲֻˡһ½СǧɾΣˡ


1569 ʬħ磡
ԣô£ЩǿĽ˽αػһЩ٣²ôǲİɣ˵һ߽
ַܿͲе⡣
Ƶĵ˵ͷ׼뵽һ㡣ѰĽҪж٣к壿ѰҲ𣬾ǵĶҲûʲô塣Ϊһ߻ܹġҪǲĻǾһս
ս
ַЩ졣
ԣսһսܹЯŽСǧһһ٣ͻСǧų⣬ƾսЯǿȴǿѹСǧų֮ңսǳǿȫķ룬ӲҪ˵ͺְ벽ЩơңԽǿĽսԽǿ󡣡
һ£ǲսһսʲôΣգݻ٣ǶԽ˵ʧءٴսѣķѺܶ࣬ҶĻۣҲȫΪСһεļԪ٣Ҳ޷Ӧ֮սȷǿҲֱ׶ˣ򲻵ѣǲԸɳս
ַˣ˽˽⣬¶ԷֻһٽַʱأڱصáôʣԷһήս
ģڽֻ½Ľֻһٽ󲿷ֶǽӶСǧ籾ԴʵСǧ磬ϣȹڶμԪ١ˣһֱûս
һνҪսǿҲò˶೤ʱ䣬ʮ꣬꣬սɹʱһСǧ磬ǾǺɨһУԺڵ״̬ҲǽսĶ֡
ʮ꣬ꡣַϸ仰֪û˵ѣҲûбҪƭ
ϾַˣôַڽҲֻ·һ
ʮʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ַţ˲Լô
ַڵĻ֮Ѿ𵽼ˣ¶ʮʮ֮ڣпȫ汬Ԫ١
ʱ򣬾ַ岻ݻСǧ磬ҲòݻСǧ硣
ûСǧ籾Դַ·һˣ˽ս٣ʵַ˵ûʲôӰ졣
һս٣ȴСǧž޴Ӱ졣
ַ彫ٴηŽڽУԼĿǰ˵ΣڵϦҲΪʱضΣյ״̬С
һڽļԪٱٲ
ҪȹڽļԪ٣ݻСǧ磬Ҳܼ򵥡Сǧ籾ԴԽԽáȻСǧ籾ԴҲһܶȹԪ٣ܹܴݻСǧĳɹʡ
ֻǣԪû٣λСǧ籾Դ
ʵַҲƶСǧļԪ١СǧļԪǰٵĻַҲʤ˵ܻôСǧ籾Դ
ȻԪǰ٣Ǿͻ飬ǰȥַ嵹Ϊһ㣬ƶԪٵǰ㸾֮ʡ
ϾԪٲڱԺ󱬷ͨ飬ữΪһң˭Ҳ޷ֹġ
ؼǣַ޷ǰƶԪٱԪ٣Ҳ˭ƶƶģ٣üԪǰ
ַأȻǰ벽ǽϣȫ޷ر𡣻ȫܶСǧһЩӰ졣ӰȴҪƶԪǰҲͲܡ
ˣСǧ籾Դַ廹취
ʬħ磬Сǧ籾Դ
ַ̾뵽Сǧ硣ʬħпСǧ籾Դĵطԭܼ򵥣ʬħʬħԭǧĽߣҽٵʬħ統УĬʬħʬħͳΡ
ˣԪУʬħвûǧĽߡ
ôμԪӿСǧ籾Դ᲻ᱻʬħõˣ֮ǰַնɱʬħʱȴûеõκСǧ籾Դ
ַţʬħ𽫵õСǧ籾Դʬħ統С
ʬħ磬ʵԪҲûбΣҲûжСǧ籾ԴչһϣֻҪһϣַͲ
ಣ
ǣַһӰѾʧҵС

ˣ
ʬħСǧײһȦȦĿռϵķɢ
ৣ
һӰӿռͨһ
ʬħ硭
ַ徲ĿԶڡİ磬ܸоСǧУ֡ų⡱
ַȴòǰ
ǣַ岻ԥӰ΢΢һֱӿͨ뵽ʬħ統С


1570 ʬħķ
ಣ
ַѾɽʬħ磬ոշɽȥͱƿ߸֡
վסǼԪ˽롭
⼸ƿߣȻǼԪ˳Ա
ֱַӳһƣ⼸Ԫ˳Աһ漴ݼԪϣ
ȻԪˣȴԪϻᣬҽԪϻһ൱ҪĵزӰ쵽ʵȨ
ÿһλԪϣƸ𣬽֮¡
ڣ
ַ嵭ʵ
ɨʬħ磬λҲ֪Ҫ֪ͨԪ𣿻Ԫ֪ľλá
ַҡҡͷˣʬħ⿴
˵ֱ꣬ӻΪһ⣬ʧӰ
ַʧıӰһЩƿ߼æʵλҲԪϣǶҲԪϣûλԪϰɣ
ߣ֪ʲôȷ˴󲿷Ԫʬħ磬еԪϡһλǿַԪϣУǼԪĵһǿߣͬʱҲǼԪΨһһλ𡣡
ʲôַԪϣ
ţԪϿǼԪܹĹؼ
ûԪϣͲǼԪڵ˵Ԫһ֮նɱߴʬħʬħ𡣡
ʬħôʱ䣬ѹʬħûг֡
ЩԪ˳ԱһĶ˷ܼ
ַȻûĹעЩͨĵ뷨ʬħвϵķУԸоƺһЩѹơ
ǶڽѹƣǶڵĻ֮ѹơϾַĻ֮СǧĻԴ
ȻСǧײ˴֮佥ںϣϾǲͬСǧ磬ȫڣ˴֮仹кܴ
ѹƶַ˵Ȼʲô
Դ
ַһڵĻ֮ʱƬնͬʱַԼӦʬħĻԴ
ƺַ֮ǰСǧĻԴҪࡣ
ַϸһ˼Ҳˡ˽⣬ʬħΪֹŽǵԪǰĴμԪ١
ÿһμԪ٣Сǧ˵һɱ䡣ʬħֻɱĴΣôȵɱ˰˴εСǧ磿
Сǧ粻ƺײȱ촷۵һʬħ硣
Сǧ籾Դ
ַ彫׵ķſˡԼڵСǧ統УַҲô޼ɵһ˵ھŴμԪ٣Ǿˡ
ʬħ磬μԪٻкܳһʱ䣬ַͲĻǰμԪ١
ȫоһСǧ籾ԴǻǺܲġ
ǣַ彥ǵƬգȻ֮ӿȣַĸоеĳԼֻԴ
ʬħĺģ
ǣַľ׼Ƭ
¡¡
ַոͷո춯ԶԶûпƬ򣬶ʱʬħƺھҵ𵴡
ͬʱһɿֲѹƺƵͬһ㣬ַϯַѾǰ벽ھϣȽѷɫɺƺƵĺʶɲɱܵ˳صĴ
һʱ֮䣬ַʶһƬհףԺбĻһƬģ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ַѹٿһܣһƬ֮УԵ÷ǳտ
Ѿָƽû֮ǰ󡰺
ַ彥ƽ˼Ÿղ¡
ѵǾʬħķ
ַɫ΢΢һ䣬
ʬħķףΪʲô޷ֱӳֶȡСǧıԴˡ
ǵȿֲĳ൱ֱСǧļԪ١ǽסҪ֪ղŽֻһףַͿסˣοǼԪı
ˣǵǵȴСǧļԪȻıȻǲµǿٵСǧ統УڼԪжȡСǧ籾Դ
ֻܰȫǵĵõСǧ籾Դ
ĻǲսһЩðաһսʧˣǿɾǲصʧ۸߰
ҲˣԽǶԣͲʲôгʱ䣬
Ȼ޷ǿжȡСǧ籾ԴַҲͲٳˡ
ȥʬħ
ַ˽⵽ʬħʬħܲʬħʬħǰμԪУõСǧ籾ԴǶͲʬħ֮С
ǣַҲԥӦһʬħλãֱӱ˿ռͨʬħȥ


1571 ˣ̻Ϊһң
ʬħԪλԪϣȫʬħ
ԪӦַ壬Ҫʱƿסʬħ磬ûʳԣһʱڶԪϣ׼ƽʬħ硣
ȴֹۣܲмԪȻܿ칥ʬħʵϣʬħ绹෴
һЩţ˼ԪԶֶ⣬Ԫ϶Ƕ֡Щǿ𣬽Ͼֱ֮ĶֻмԪһѹ
Ԫһ뿪ЩͿܹʬħüԪ澡ʧʧء
ԪͶ֮£ܹȥ׷ɱЩֻһȴ˼Ԫ˶ʬħĿơ
Ҳûа취£ʬħ統УϾԼСǧ磬мԪ޾ĳԱʬħ統أЩԪƿߣߡ
ʧȥˡƣüԪ˵󽵵ͣ˷ķҲüԪӦӲϾ
ķչ״ٹꡢǧ꣬Ҳһܹƽʬħ硣
ǰ
ǰ
ˡ
ȻԪ˽յһЩϢʮţ֪ʱһ𣬾Ȼһжʬħ
Ԫɫ࣬ЦܺãǲҲǣһһʰǣ̫˷ʱˡãȴԼˣ
Ԫ䣬͸¶һɱ⣬ȻΪüԪ˵ӵһԪ͵۷𣬼ԪСǧеĵλ͵ͬʬħʬħĵλ
ܵ˵ƣܲŭ
ŭµļԪȻɱȻ
ʱһľǵ֮£ѾĿʬħΧʬħǰʱ䣬ϢʬħһСǧ統Уնɱˡ
ŵ𻹲ţһֱǼϢҥԡǵУʬħһֱǶ޵еĴڣǧ罵ߣκβʬħ𣬺οһСǧƿߣ
ʱƣġߡԪ˳ԱԽԽ࣬ƿ߻Ȼѡǵġ޵еʬħѾˡ
ǣҪԾȡ˵õʬħġŲΪʬħףʬħչʬħԴ
Уд˵еСǧ籾Դ
ЩĿģЩСǧ籾ԴǻСǧ籾ԴȻûãǶ𣬶òСǧ籾Դ
ֻݻСǧĽӣʹСǧ籾ԴСǧ籾Դȴǧ罵߽ס
٣ȡһǶʯӦûκ⡣ʱеһЩпܳΪ𣬴ӶȡʬħĵλΪʬħµף
̰Σա
ҲõϢʬħлһλǿĶǶ𡣵ΣֻҪǵ޵ʮţкξ壿
Ԫ𣬹ʬħ磬ҵȿǲ
Щߣʬħʬħ磡
ʬħҵȵ磬ǼԪ˵硣ĻʮţҪ̤ƽǼԪˣ
ʮţʮǶһĶɢſֲϢ˿ԪϢ飬գبյУʬħΧס
һʱ֮䣬Ԫ˳ԱҲе᧿Σ
ߡ
Ԫһͬʱ߱͵ĳһףѸٱ󣬽ʬħС
ƿı˳ʬħΣ
ԪЦһĿʮһɨ
߱ħѹ۷൱ǿ
ʮһۣҲûгɡ
֣
ʮλʮţһ̣ȫˡƺƵ·ʬħ磬ݺݵĺ߿ռ䱦֮ϡ
¡
߿ռ䱦ҵţâϵıãƺʱпһüԪһ
ôܣ
Ԫ߿ռ䱦жôǿ٣ԶʱûüԪʧƾ߿ռ䱦Ԫ޵У
ԣֹѹ߿ռ䱦ѵǲͬСǧ磬ѹƣ
ԪܿͲ˲Ծƽʱûз֣ڣʮλĶһ֣Ͳˡ
߿ռ䱦ƺʬħѹˣֻѹһ㣬ȷǱѹơѹƣȻ߿ռ䱦޷߿ռͨڷȴۿۡ
һʱ䣬߱ڲϵҡΣƺ᧿Σ
ԪҲȻûϵǼӲܴ߱ĸ߱ðա
ֱӴżԪ˵˴ռ䣬˭Ҳ޷κε߱߿ռͨд󣬵һԪ˾൱ǡĶӡʬħ磬ʬħ磬ɾͺˡ
Ԫڡ
ԪԺ뵽ַ壬ĵȫƿСǧ磬ΪַṩԴԴϵԴͰȫ
û뵽ʦһʬħ綼޷ƿء
ˣ
ʱͻȻһȦȦĿռţһǴգȥԼ̡򣬲üԪ٣̾ͻữΪһҡ
صУҲصڶĶߡ


1572 ʬħ٣Դ֣
Ԫϣ
յеǵӰԪҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ漴ָеЩַһ˴սߴ𣬼ԪֻǾöԸһûʬħ磬Ӧûʲô⣬ַúϢһ
˭뵽ھʬħ鷳ջǵַ档
ʬħЩеȴɻ
˭
ԪӣӦǺͼԪ˹ϵУǼԪ˵ԮϵϢأȻ𣬵ȴǿΣյĸо
ȷԷ˻һУҪһжͳͳ𡣡
ߣ˭ʮ֮£ʲôã
ЩһĶäĿţԾԲһС
ɱ
֣ٴԪѹȥûַ塣һĿⶼޱȵĻȣֻҪܻܼԪǾܽʬħȡʬħԴˣܻô˵еСǧ籾ԴͽǽһǶʯ
Ψһϣ
ַĿĮ붯֣ЩȴƵò֡
䣡
һ̣ƺƵĻˣʬħ磬ƺҲܵ𶯡˲佫ЩȫסǱסƿߣһҲãҲգͳͳΪҽ
ûκƿܹӵ˵ЩһǡˣַĻǰҲһ
ַ彫ЩնɱĸоЩΪҽɢʬħ統У»Ϊʬħġ
ѭһСǧĸˣСǧ統˶ƿߣ˶飬ʵСǧ˵ûһ˿һӰ졣

ǣ𣡡
ţˣЩԪ˵ƿߣһֱеһλһ֮նɱߴоѵǴˣ
ˣˣһǴˣһٽôţȫ촷ۡʬħ磬ǿľţһսУȫû
ʬħӴˡ
һЩսƿߣַʩչƺƵЩȫΪҽһĶ¶˿־֮ɫ
ǿһĻﻹַܲݣ
ַ壬Ԫ˵һ֮նɱߴ޵дڣȴڣһʬħ磬˭ܿ⣿
οһս֮ʬħڣɥ¾һǶʯ֣޷ٳˡ
һսѾʬħġ
ӭԪϣ
ַһ֣ʮǿžͻҷ赭дһ˵ǿüԪ˵ĳԱһĶѡ
Ƕ롱ţгһջҲܴﵽַĸ߶ȣݺң޵У
Ƕַ֡޵СȴôðҪĲ޵УǸһѷѳСǧ硣
٣ҲҪѼΣ
Ԫϣû°ɣ
ԪʵֻмԪַʵܲáÿһַ֣ڽ;Ԫٸһ˵׼ʲôʱ򣬼ԪپͻᱬʱַʹǿҲҪԪٻΪҽ
ַ˻ֵû£Щƿ߾ٶ࣬ҲûʲôвҽմΪСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾Դ
ԪЩź˵Ԫϣʬħ󣬾͵һʱҪѰСǧ籾Դֻ۱ѯκˣƺûСǧ籾Դټɣʬħ𣬸ûеõСǧ籾Դ
ȷСǧ籾Դô׵õġʹʬħҲһܹõ
Ԫ㿴Сǧ籾Դ𣿡
ַȻʵ
Сǧ籾ԴεȻһƿûм˰˴μԪ٣ЩСǧ籾Դ
Ҳǿ
Сǧ籾ԴڲڣʵһԱ֪Ҫô鷳ȥѰҡ
ַ˿Ȼ˰취
ôԣ
ʬħڵ˶
Ԫ˵ͷܺɻַİ취ˣʬħ˶˳ʬħ׿ˡ
ַĿʬħǼ佥¶һ˿Цݣ˵취ʵܼ򵥡ҵĻԴݻһǱﻹ֮ǽ򣬶״ݻ١ΨСǧ籾Դ޷ݻ١Сǧ籾ԴڼԪг֣ᱻ֮ݻ٣ˣһԱ֪
ַĻҲüԪȻ򡣵ȷ򵥣Ҳʵõİ취
䣡
ǣַ屬˻֮ΪһӣƺƵĳˢʬħ
ʬħҲǺľʬħѪһĹ޷ʬħںƺƵĻǰȴǲֵһᡣ
գۼ䣬ʬħͱΪ˻ҽںƺƵĻĳˢ֮£ʬħһУΪ촷ۡ
ʬħ״ݻٵһ̣һĨ⣬ȴ𳤺ӣڡӿĻ𳤺֮УԵôҫۡ
Сǧ籾Դ
һ̣ԪѾˣַͣѾ֪һСǧ籾Դ
Ļڻ֮УɿȻ


1573 Сǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾Դ
һ̣Ԫ𿴵ˣַҲˡֻƲ⣬ʬħȻʬħ磬ôҰģҰҪΪαǾһռСǧ籾Դ
ΪΨСǧ籾Դʸףпܻýʹ͵һŽʯ
ֻǣʬħȻһףվʶǳһЩʬħֻ֪Сǧ籾ԴԽ˵ҪҪһС
Ͳ֪ʯԽ˵ζʲôһλҪСǧһŽʯҪķѺεȾ޴ľѪңҪεӴСǧ籾Դ
ʬħռһСǧ籾ԴһŽʯڳ˵Ρ
ʬħôıЩСǧ籾Դʬħ޹ˣǶַ塣
ڻ֮ġӳա£ַоСǧ籾Դͷ·һԴԴϱŷġһ
˻ڻ֮и롣֮ȫ෴һһ
ԭСǧ籾Դģһһ
ַ彫Сǧ籾ԴУһ̣Ȼһжˣûһ˿һɻ
ӻУ˽С֮أڻһһ棬˴档֮Сǧͻ͡ɱ䣬ɾ
һе֮ԴʵСǧ籾Դ
Ϊڻ֮Сǧɱ䣿ڣСǧ籾ԴǴһе
Сǧ籾Դκһֹ򣬶Сǧйں壬Сǧ˵Сǧ籾Դز٣ǲɻȱģĻСǧǲͻٱ
ֻҪСǧ籾ԴСǧܵ˶ô޴شѸٵĻָҲΪʲôЩ߸ϵĽǣƴչΡСǧ籾Դ
̫ˡ
ַȴɲ⣬һСǧ籾Դʵ̫̫ˡ⻹Ϊʬħһ𣬶Ƕ
ʬħʬħ磬ǧߣʬħߡҲζŶʬħʬħÿμԪٵСǧ籾ԴվֻһλҪÿμԪбȫ籾ԴǸͲܡ
ֻڱ߽߱ǽУõһСǧ籾Դˡ
ԪٺĴĴ֮ɲֵܵģðȥռСǧ籾ԴǶҲᱻ֮Ϊҽ
ȥڶСǧ磡
ַõʬħڵСǧ籾ԴлȡѾȫպеķ򣬻˵ѾȫպҪߵ·
ǾռСǧ籾ԴռСǧ籾Դ
ֻҪСǧ籾ԴԽ࣬ôַնȹڽļԪ٣ݻСǧɹϣԽճΪĸҲԽ
Сǧ籾Դڳ˸
ԪϣһȥɡڶСǧ磬²ֹۡ
Ԫ˵
Ҳãߣ
Ԫʩչ߿ռ䱦һ˱֮ڣ󣬱΢΢һ̾߿ռ֮ͨС
ʬħ磬Ѿʧȥ˴󲿷ǿľԼһЩĶԼԪ˵ƿʬħ׾١
οһսʬħˣǱַ塰塱һ㻹һЩĶҲԲƼԪ˶ʬħͳˣʬħ磬ƽС

ಣ
ַԪ𣬴߿ռͨд˵ڶСǧ硣Сǧ磬֮Ϊ֮磡
ҡָľСǧ統УѾʵеֻЩǧϣСǧ磬ȫǧסˡ
ˣǧԪҲһֱûн֮硣
ʱַԪ˻֮磬̾ǧע⣬ЩǧȻСģǺַ嵱һ֮һߣնɱߴζʲô
ǣַո֮ʱѾλַԪǰ
ݼ£
λ𲻸˿Ĳݣַ壬ȴǱϹϾֱӳƺַ塰¡
ַھϣѾǽˣ֮׼߰벽ûдƺַΪҲǿ˵Ĺȥ
ݣƺַΪ¡Ƕַ屧Ĺˡ
ַ嵭Ŀһȴÿɷֻǵ˵ֻһҪСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾ԴַҪֻһ
λԣ¶һ˿ɬ֮ɫһۣܿԷеΣַ壬ȴòͷ
ߴ³ǰ֮
ֻǣСǧ籾Դô׵õģǺֻҪشַ岻⣬һͻᲽߴĺ󳾣òСĽ
ûСǧ籾ԴһҪõСǧ籾Դһ취׸£
λһҧƺ¶˾ģֱӿ˵


1574 ǰƶԪ٣
ԪǰһĻȴǸп֡λɶСǧ統УϾһСˡ
һԾŶһܾ֮ǼԪ𣬴ӵһԪھżԪȻպգȴɲΪ˶Ըһħ棬ԼŽֻѹʱˡ
жôǿ󣬲Ǵײˣ洦ɼ
ڣڼԪУǸ߸ϣϲȴһľִ٣ҧһСĽģ˿κεĲٶ
ԭַ壬ַ壡ַǰҲޱȵġ˳ԵС
ʱԪζ޷һĻȴʵķˣҾǰĪ⣬Īˡ
˵ɣʲô취ǵİ취пϣԼ̡
ַ嵭˵
ʵ֮磬ѾˣߴһЩ𣬾ڻ֮ǧ
ַһֱûᣬȴֻ֪иҪ°ˣַе⣬Ҳڻ֮úõġϴһ
ַʵҪϴҲ޿κΣΣա
ǣһҧֱӿ˵Ƕ֪ڼеҪСǧ籾Դô취ֻһǰƶԪ٣
ţ
ַĿ΢΢һĶĿ絶·ϲϵиš
Ȼ֪ԪٱʵԱкôٿд籾Դ֡ʬħ磬ǱڵСǧ磬Ԫٶôǰġ
ַҲûǰԪ٣ʵȴǣ
Ԫ٣ȻѾܽˣҪǰѺѡַ㱬ȫĻ֮СǧĻԴַڽֻǰԪ٣Сǧ磬ȴһûκΰ취
ֻнľ磬ȴվûнһЩ
Ľ٣ս٣пԪ٣ַ𣬲ھϵĲ࣬źܴĲࡣ
£ʬħԪپ뻹кԶڵСǧ磬ռԪ٣ȻƼٽҲûеʱ򡣶˵ǻ֮ļԪ٣
а֮ļԪ٣
ַһ˿â
һ֮籬˼Ԫ٣ǾԾͻһӦСǧ綼ںϣһ壬һκһСǧ籬Ԫ٣СǧļԪ١
ʱռԪپͻᱬһжữΪҽ
ΣҲʹŻֻмԪٱַпܻôСǧԴӶȹڽļԪ٣ݻСǧɹΪĽѳСǧ磡
޷Ԫ٣а취ǰԪ٣
ַ¶ţȷַλ벽׼޷ǰԪ٣кֶǰԪ٣
ƺҲַԴ˺ܸȤǣ¶һ˿ϲɫæ˵£ǲһǺǰ֮һμԪǰϦͽٵ˻֮СҪСǧԴȫ׸ǧĽ¡ֻǣҲһˣ֮û˭ܹСǧԴ
μԪ٣ڻ֮ٹ̣ȴѾ˽⵽˻֮ԪٵһЩɡһλ£ս֮ñٱһ͵»֮ûжȹһεļԪ١
ҲΪλս٣֮ٱҵ˻֮Ľ˿ռ䣡
ַһ
˵˿ռ䣿һСǧĸڣ˿ռ䣬ҵˣ
ַЩ̫ܡ
֪˿ռģΪ;˵Ϊ׼ȻȻܹӦСǧĸ
СǧһĸĵطӦþǽ˿ռ䡣һСǧĹ򣬶ĳǰ
ֻҪܹסСǧѹֱСǧֹ򣬺ô֮󣬼ֱ
ĽҲ޷СǧĽ˿ռ䣬һǿн룬ͻᵼСǧӶռԪ١
治УȻ˻Եɺ֮£ֽܷ˿ռ䣬
ԣǽ˿ռ䣡˶ҪеֹĪĿռʱֻǣ˽ֻǽһ˲ʶͱСǧת򣬻˵Сǧ־ѹˣ޷ڽ˿ռдһɲǵʱ䡣
ⱾĻԵǶֻϧĻԵҲûа취ˡһֱڻ֮磬Ҫڽ˿ռеõһЩôֻϧôԪǶûа취úôСǧײѾ֪ڵСǧ磬ܿͻᱬռԪ٣Ǽڻ֮Ѿûκ塣⴦˿ռԵӦǽµĻԵ
λ˵ɫǳӡǼ˼ԪܣΪܹԾŵľԵ
ͷȴΪַ£пɬ֪


1575 ս٣
ַ忴Ѿ֪Ϊ˻ָӵıˡ
λغ˼Ԫġܡ͡ԵȴҪˣã
Ȼָӵı顣
һȷѡ񣬷Ļַɲ׷Ź֮磬Ź
ߴֶԸַ壬ȻߴѾˣַҲͷ¶׷һ׷϶ӹϸ𣬱Ͼǻ֮˵ûвУ˭ţ
ȥ˿ռ䣬н˿ռ䣬ǰ£̣
ǣǣһǰ˿ռ䡣
λ¶ϲɫǹˡǺַλ벽Ŀֲ֮Ϊһλ׼ֻҪڽеļԪٲǼ޵еĴڡ
һλսսСǧ統УǾ޵Уߴ³֪ˣԭָܹƳַļޣǽַڽļԪӶ׽ַλ޵е
˭뵽ַڽޱȹ̣ߴ𣬻ԶԶ޷ַڽ򱬷Ԫ١
ȻӲĲУλֻֻܷܳǻţֻлŲϣ
ǽ˿ռ䣬ҲԶԶûԼ
˻᲻⣿˿ռ䣬Ҵû˵
ַİ˵ˣԪЩġӵһԪһֱھżԪʶ㣬Ҳû˵ʲô˿ռ䡣
ַȴ΢΢һЦں˵İɣǲƭҡڴ˷Сǧ磬ɱˣû赲
ַüԪģҲŰڵ״̬ȷɱκ˶û⡣˵ˣٶҲַնɱ
ҽ˿ռ䣬ַԼͺأҲ˿ռ䣬ʮֹϣҶ𣬲п֪һš
ַû˵ţھĽȻܸӦ˿ռ䡱Ĵڣֻû취ˡ
ȷؼԪ˰ɡԪ򣬱Ҳġ
ַԼԪ˵˿ռ䣬λ޷룬οǼԪüԪ𷵻ؼԪҲܱһЩҪ鷳
ҲãԪϱأʲôҪʱ֪ͨԪˣ֪ͨҡ
ԪĿһַ壬Ҳ֪ǼԪ޵еĶ𡣵ַ壬ЩҲΪ
ʱֻҪַ鷳ȶסԪˣǾǶַİˡ
żԪ뿪ַλ˵߰ɣȥ˿ռ䣡
˵ͷ漴ǰ·Ż֮ȥ
ٶȣٳľҲʲôο˿ռλãƺңԶ
һĽУַλͣ
£ͨǵУǽ˿ռ䣡
λָǰһڵ˵
ʵַָѾӦˡĸӦ֮У֮ĺģƺ
һϤİĹϢǴ֮ɢһɺƴƺҪرУ˵޸УȴһֱδԸ
ΪһЩַ֮Ϥĸоϸһ˼ˣΪǽ
֮罵¹һλսǾǽս
ַһƺµԭ
£ֻܴˣ˿ռ䣬޷롣
λ˵
ַ˵ͷǵ޴УĿ¶ޱȻ֮ɫ
˿ռ䣬ǻʵĽ˿ռ䡣޷ǿнĽ˿ռ䣬ȴΪصķʽ֮£һڡ
¾һսĽû뵽˿ռƿһͨ
˿ռ䵽ʲôַ廹ýȥһ֪
ңַָоһν˿ռ䣬Ҫ
ಣ
ַһ粽Ӱ㻯Ϊһ⣬ɽ˽˿ռ䡣

ǧ磬˹֮С
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һɿֲƺȻеһ𣬸ܵϢɫǴ䡣
⡭ǽµս
ǧҪΪһСǧͽսʵڲ㡣
ǻĽڻһս𣬿궼޷ٽСǧˡ
˼
֮УѾһƬ߸ϵ˽ϣǰһϢֲϢ֮µӰ
ǾսķĻۣɹһս
ѾǲȰȥ׼ɣҪ½ı΢ҪץסַֻСӣܽϣ
У͸¶һ˿ŭ⡣
ýıŭˣ
㲻ΪʱأҲһҪַ帶صĴۣǸµı΢ߣ
״Ѿ֪Ҫһս漴ҲȰ˵ǿʼ׼
£
ܿ죬ٷѾúˣ˽֣漴嫵ע뵽˽ٷ֮С
ˣ
һ޴Ĺ˲Ϣס˽ս
ȥɣ׽סַ塣ץסǾͻٵСǧ磬ٵһУСǧ籾Դɣ
ŽĻ£ҵ𶯣漴սѸʧ
ͬʱСǧУһδ֪յС
¡
һǰδеĿֲͻȻ֣Сǧ硣


1576 
ǡͨ
ǽͨϢÿֲλˣǽʮλҲûôĶɡ
ֹʮλҲʮλûСǧ綼ȻûԪ٣Сǧܵ𶯣ԪٵٶҲһǰ
ǲ֪ĸôֱʣ
ǽ߻ǼԪ˳ԱĸܵСǧ𶯡һʱ䣬Ŀһʱ͹עյС
ಣ
Ԫһʱ͸ϵƬգϾӵ߿ռ䱦ۿռ䴩󣬼ԪΪһ
˼Ԫ⣬ߣƺҲϵˡ
˭
ԪأӵһԪ˵ھżԪĽͨĽߣȴûһΣ˿ֲĶ
ڵСǧǶ֮ԪϣľǴǧ罵ǿĽߣСǧ
Žͨȹ̣һӰӽͨлٶ¡
䣡
Ӱһֺ˶·һӸеϢһ㡣
һɺƺƵԵ׵Ϣ˷ɢȥͬʱӰĿ·ߣˡ
ǽСǧ磬𣬹鱾С˳߲ƿߣֻҪҵַ壬ͣ
ƺƵһ㣬˵Ķߡ
˸ǻһ𣬷·𲻸Ƶġ
ôǽ
ţ˱ǽ
٣Ӧǽ٣սˣ֮Сǧ磬ûǵķˡ
Ѿ֪ͨΰĽ£ҵȲҪ֣ǽϧսѾ˱ŭ״̬֮£ǱĽ£Ҳǽʱ
ٺ٣ǸԪַ壬ǰ벽Σû뵽ǳǽս٣һΣַˡ
ཱུ߶һ߽սζʲôȻǽ٣Сǧʱ򣬽սѾǽܹõǿˡ
ҲԸʱ򣬾ǽϾսô׽ٵģ̫̫󡣶ǽԹעһԷȴһķһĹעһ

Ԫһ͸о
ȻˣǽҲýǸܵϢüԪҪϢһ
ô׶Ը
ǣǽĿַ壬ΣԪ𶼲ַ屻ǽĻնɱ
ӣһҪӣ̽Ϣַ֪ͨ塣
Ԫ𼸺˼һʱ߿ռ䱦֮С
ˣ
߿ռͨһ֣Ҳǽע⣬һһ˿䡣
ܹ߿ռͨıӦþǼԪ˵߱ɣô˵ǼԪԪ𣿡
ǽ䣬ͽַߵϢһȻҲ֪Ԫ
ַߵˣһҲӲ
ǽֱ֣͵ĳе߿ռͨһץ
¡
߿ռͨһĪ⣬һ߿ռͨҲ޿κΡԪƾֶΣݺ޵С
򲻹ҲԴݵߡ
һΣǽ
ֻǽ߿ռͨ͵һץ߿ռͨھҵ𶯣߿ռ䱦ҲЩȡ
꣡
Ȼ߿ռͨȻӲץƣ粣һ㣬Ӳƿһָֻ˲Ϣס߿ռ䱦
ַ壬ӣһҪӡ
Ԫ𼸺ĸַ巢ѶϢᵽ˽Ŀֲ֮߿ռͨҲƣ˵ƾˣȿֱֲ𾪡
޵У޵У
һ̣ǼԪҲˡ
䣡
ǽ£ʱ߿ռ䱦ѾǽץУԭޱǿ߿ռ䱦ȴǽУͬһס
е˼һıҲˣ˵ַ䣬㲻
߿ռ䱦УһֱûκλӦ
ڤ粻飬Ͳ֪жôΰƾռ䱦ܻס㣿
ǽЦһ漴ʹһ
꣡
߿ռ䱦ϣ飬ƺһӾͲƣͬ֩Ƶģ·ʱѡ
أ
ڣ߿ռ䱦ˣһ߿ռ䱦ôָˡ
ǽϣӵΰĽ
Ԫǽǰǽֶ˵ɣַ䣬Բ
Ǻǡ
ԪЦƺ߿ռ䱦ѣĳ֣Ҳˡ
Ԫ֮£һжữΪһңҲк壿
˵
ǽ۾΢΢һУƺҲô⡣
Ǿȥɣ
ǽһģͬһֻһǽУҲֵһᡣ
ԪϻЦݣһ̣·ѾԼġޡ
ַ壬ѾһУģͿԼˡ
Ԫš
أ
һֹƽܶһ̿ʼƽѾԶСǧ硣


1577 ۳㣬ֻǷ
˿ռڣַһοһСӲҪݣСǧı⣬˸ָСǧ飬ֱʤ
Щ򣬸תţܵκδĻңᵼСǧ綼޴ı仯
Щ򣬶ĳַǰռʱ򣬶ַǰ
һ⣬ǽȡ
ֻϧıǽûлԵҲ뿴˿ռҪ룬ôס
ַոսһɲǣ͸оѹױȵѹҪСǧһ
һСǧ磬ǽսҲסǽҲǣΪһȫԶԿСǧѹǾпԪ١
Ԫ٣пܽڵļԪӶýĿܡ
Сǧ籾Դ
ǿռ򡭡
ʱ򡭡
ַ忴ˣռʱСǧ籾Դͳͳġǰ½ֻһۣ
ֻǿһַۣ͸оһֱƿ֮е߿ռ򣬺һéٿһӱһ
ʵܾǰַ͵õ˿ռ̣֮һֱо߿ռֻϧûʲôչֽ߿ռͨڣַܸĸܵ߿ռ
ǸʱʵַѾ߿ռ˺⣬һЩԼص⣬ǽһȫµľ磬ֻһ߿ռ
Ԫû£ԪҲֻһ߿ռһٽ߿ռ䱦ǲңڣǶڣַ壬κβ˼Ԫ
Ӿӣ߾ߡ
ֻϧԪַ嶼һ㣬ʵǲһûг֣ʱûκá
ǹȥ˼ǧ꣬꣬ԪֻҪûгǸǾԶ޷߿ռ
ڣˣַǰ˿ռ䣬ַ忴ˡ߿ռ򡱵һ̣Ǿַǰ߿ռתַǰݻ
һеܶȻ޴棬ַлȻʣ·һӾ͡ˡ
һжôˮɣַ߿ռ򣬼ȻȻ߿ռ
ˣһЩ򣬱ַڽ򣬾򣬵Щ򣬽ַֻڽ򸽴ģַ򵽵ġַڻ֮ͳͳݻ٣ЩȻȻҲʧˡ
ַվչЩˣޱȵϤҲﵽٽ㣬ʱַҲûգҲǿŽ򣬲ʱ
ôһֱʹʱʱҲޱȵ˽⣬ֻǲһˡ
ڣˣǰ
˿ռ֮УʱڣȻַƤӵ¡תֻᣬ
൱ڣ˽ϸʾʾɲʩչˣһһΣһϸڣչǰתԭһ
ûнӴЩǻʲôҲӴ˽ЩôĻԵ
ַͷ·ඥֹǰѾûκܡǧ˵ľֹ򣬵Сǧ磬ʵֹǧ
ֱʤڣЩַǰûκܡ
ʱһַ̣ʱ򣬹ʱĵεΣͷ
Ľھ飬ַʱ򣬲ڽˡ
ȻʵЩٶ࣬Ҳûжáͨ˵ᣬʵҲʲôԵַ˵˿ռ䣬ȷĻԵ
Щֹ򣬾ַ峹СǧתɣͨЩַСǧתɣһֱ۵˽⡣
ҪݻСǧ磬һͣݻСǧ硣ȻǰܹԪ٣ܹڴ
ַܸоġۡԽԽˣνġָۡСǧ籾ԴָеĻۣݻСǧĻۡ
ڣֻԽԽҲζţַݻСǧĳɹԽԽߣֻСǧ籾Դˡ
ֻǣСǧ籾Դһ⣬ѵҪǰԪ٣
ַ忴һ۽˿ռڵСǧ籾Դˣֻϧ֪һ붯Сǧ籾Դ̾ҪСǧ־Ĺ
ѹַ忸ס
ַҲԼףֻҪһڽ˿ռ֮ڱ֮ô֮ļԪپͻ˲䱬ʱСǧ籾ԴҲ֮ӽ˿ռб
ǾַĻᣬͬҲпΣա
ַѵѡ
ţԪѡ
ȻַڳǷǰԪʱȴյ˺ѶϢ
ˡ
ַţԺͷ֪ڳ˼ʲô


1578 վˣ
ǽ
ַֺܲõԤУ֪ǽпܻή٣û뵽ôͽ٣һǽս١
ڸղţַѪвԤС
֪ʲôԭˡ
Ԫ𡭡
ַĬЩѶϢǼԪġԡ֪ԪûѾˣоȡ
ַȴӲ
ǣַ忴Ҳûп˿ռһֱۣӾ뿪˽˿ռ䡣
ಣ
ַӰһѾ߿ռ֮ͨУַСǧСǧУѾûʲôطܹסˡң߿ռַ壬ȥﶼһ֮¡

أ
ǽһ£Ԫûκνңĳ촷ۣ䣬һ˿Ϣʣ
˶סˣЩԪ˵ĳԱ·𶼲Լ۾
ԪУȻȽȽĺַ壬һ֮նɱߴ𣬿νСǧĵһ
ַԶĪҲӣ
ڼԪڲȴû˵ܸǹԪԭܼ򵥣Ԫ˶ǼԪ𴴽ġ
ԪڼԪи˼ԪѪһֱԪ޵Уݺңûκζ֡
ħ棬Ҳκβ˼ԪֻҪԪԸ⣬Լѹħ档
ڣԪˣҾ˵ǰǽһĳ촷ۣΪеĳ䡣
Ԫ˵Աƺһ˲䣬оĳꡱһżԪһ
նޱȵƽǽ˵ȴ·ϡƽûһ۷
˵۷ˣҲûзǽС
˭˵ַ䣬Բ
ǽкƺƵĻصš·һ仰Сǧ磬ǽϽ
սĳЩʵͽûʲô𡣶޵еĴڣ޿ɿĴڡ
ֻû˻شǽԪ˵ĳԱһĳţǽвûκλӦ
ǽɫһýʱйִǽעȫĽ㣬ġ
ƿ߶ǰͽᣬҪĶ
ڣҪȴ˻ӦȻˣǽҲƣˡ
ͳͳţȱɱѪɺӣɱˣַ廹ܲصס
ǽںѪɺӣںСǧ类ݻ١ԣݻСǧ硣
ŭѾǽʧȥǣһľֻҵַ壬ַܣǧĥַ֪ϲַ

ˣɱǾǼԪȫԱΪС
ɱΣ
ҵԪϵ䣬ǽҲУΣ
Ԫ˳ԱŭˣǷǳŭǼԪ˵ĳԱԪԼԪ˳Ա˵ζʲô
Ǽǵľ֧󲿷ֵļԪ˳ԱЩϳԱǵԪ߿ռ䱦ӼԪһһ£Ż˵ھżԪ
ĻѾˡ
ûмԪ𣬾ûǡ
һ̣˶ˣԸ߸ϵĽ޵еĽնɱ˼ԪĽȻѾȫԪ˳Ա֮У
ţҲҷ
ɱ⣬ɱ⡣
ǽһ䣬ɫޱȵݺСǧ磬ǧ磬Ҳվ֮ϣϵĽ
ʲôʱһЩϣЩͨƿߣһ𣬾ȻҶλ߸ϣݺ޵еΰɱ⣿
ðǽɱⶼʵʡ
һȺϣǱҪǱҶԱɱ⣬ֱ񼫣ͳͳɱ
һ̣ǽѾûģһȺеϣҶɱ⣬ǽܲŭ
ˣǽֻ֣һֻ֣ȴǵأһסƬգҲǲǼԪ˳ԱһЩǧƿ߶С
˶ʧɫӣӵٿ죬ӵùǽһƣ
Υߣ
ǽһ£Χա򣬷·𶼱һӷ飬𶯣ԶԶ˰֮
䣡
ֲ˷ɢƿȴȻ֣û
յУ֪ʲôʱ򣬳һλӣվյУ࣬·ĹڻƣһɿֲĻ֮еͬħһ㡣
һܵȴ֮ͬһ㣬εվյУڶԪ˳Աǰ
ǽһƣû£
վˣ
ǽǽ¶һ˿ЦݣֻȴԽԽ䣬꺮һ㣬˲


1579 ս
ǽ
Ӿַ壬Ŀ⿴ǽԵúƽȻܿĳǽһ߻һս
յУַƺڸӦʲôȻüͷһ壬ڲ׽һ˿ԪϢֻǣ˿Ϣ̫̫ˡ
ԪѾˣ߿ռ䱦Ѿˡ
ַ˳ĬվˣˣڼԪַദ̵ܶʱ䣬ȴദ꣬ദ˼Ԫһ
ѣ
Ԫ֣һڱӻűƿߣûмԪħѾͳСǧ硣
ܵԪݵˣ̫̫ˣֱӻǼӵġַܹһ·ɳ񣬻СʱʵҲǼܵ˼ԪĶݡ
ô˳ĳɳͱħһˡ
Ԫ𣬴˽ԸԼѹħ档
ַƽһˣԪַķ濴ǳԪַĵ¶˾ģгһգܹΪĽǾһҪʯüԪΪα
ڣһжˣԪѾˡ
Ԫоȡʱ򣬿Դʱⳤ֮У㸴ҵΪζҪһԡԪ𣬵Űɣˡ
ַţޱϲȴűˡ
ˣʱתΪַûзŭȴ·һ
ৣ
ַĿǽ
Ԫɱģ
ǱɱģôҪԪ𱨳𣿲һֻϰˣɱҪݻĵļԪˣնɱߵˣΰҪĴۣ
ǽ䣬ϵϢҲԽԽǿƺǵأҪַ峹ѹƵġ
ֻǣƾǽϢжôǿַ嶼ȻֻϵĻϢԽԽŨСǧ綼΢΢𶯡
䣬ַڽһ˿ס
νǴ֮
ַڽеĻɱ⣬ڽҪݻСǧ磬ԪҲ١
ַ뿴һĻ
ǽ¶һ˿ЦݣȻһ۾Ϳַ˿̵״̬ЦѾ˽ڽļԪ٣ò˶þͻᱬˣͱ֣ԽǶ֣֮ͱԽ죬ҲԽ죡
ǽΪĽ᲻ַ˿̵״ַ̬ǰ벽׼ʵϣҲΣյʱ
вͻᵮԪ٣Ӷһ񣬻Ϊҽ
ַĿǽƺ˿ûнڵĽϡƽ˵ɱߣ˺ɱ֮
Ц
Ź߸ϣݺ޵СսǿԺɨ𣬵ҲţһԣԶһս
ַԽԽϵսҲԽԽȻ
¾
Ǻεȵ׳־
Ҳ뷨ͷСǾǸ߸ϣݺ޵УҵĴڡ
û˻ȥ¾οǻһ߽ս
뷨Ʒ
Ц̫ЦˡңҲ֪սӵԶҲ޷󼰵ΰȻȻšģնɱᱣ飬㽻ʱغܵ޾ĥ
ǽЦͬʱսҲ͵ǰһ̤
¡
Сǧ綼𶯣ΧգһӾͷˡֲǵأֶַȥ
ָоͷ·Сǧ磬ڷļѹԼ
ַ嵱Ȼָܸܵоֻһ̣ˡ
䣡
ƺƵַڽ֮Уı˳ͬʱСǧĻԴƺҲ
Сǧ綼š
ɱ
ַսⰺȻһ̣ͷ·Ǿһս٣ַ̼仯Ϊ޵еս
ϻŸֹ֮ӿȵĻͷ·վڻ𳤺֮ϣսһ㣬˲˺ǽѹȡ
ңһȭ˳ȥ
󵨣
ǽȻŭʲôʱҲҶԽֻ֣һսҲϵĽ
ԴǽΪϵĽ󣬾ʹû˸Ҷǽ֡ǶǽҲһϹϾ̬ȡ
ҪȥЩҲ˿Թԡ
ǽϣƿϴڣ
ڣһλڽֻ΢һϣȻҶλõĽ֡
ǽܲŭ
֮ŭأ
һʱ䣬սױûһ˿أСǧ綼·Ҫ񱩵ű


1580 ٣
ӡ
˭Ҳû뵽ַȻĸҶ֣Ǻһλս֡ʵĲ࣬
֮սĿֲЩǧĽߣȴһɫ䣬·ʲôֲһ
ʵϣַǽĴսҲȷ춯أһನļ£΢һ㣬Ҳܲס
䣡
˷ַоڽĻ֮޼ɵ˷ɢţһСǧĻԴҲһӽٶ¡
⼸ѾַǿһˣܺСǧ磡
ǿһԺСǧȴǽһƸӲѹסˣǻҲãǵҲգȫѹơ
ԴЯһ˿ȫݻ١
ַƺһо񱻡ѹһûȫȫѹס
һνڽеĻ˿ֲĽ
֪һսսУڽпܱԪ٣Ӷճɻҽ
ǽ
ַҲЩ̾ԴΪ˰벽֮޵Уݺңû֡
ǶַУʵҲʲôĻǰͳͳֻ߹һ
ƿߣġСֲ˿Եֵ
ǽǾͲһˡǸ߸ϵĽ֮Խ˵ֵһᣬһμԪٶܿȥһĽκβǡ
ַ벽Խް취
ַȴû٣Ҫսο˰벽ַջģʵڽ˿ռ֮УӴЩ
ĸֹ򣬼ֱʤȫΪصʱռʱչ
ʱ侲ֹ
ַһȣʱǽϡ
ţʱ򣬹ȻǴ˵еʱʱءֻϧ㻹ۣյʱ򻹺סֱ˵Σ
ܵʱǽ巴ϲ˲ϧսһ˿ðգΪʱ
ʱأܸǿյʱƣôԱһЩвڣƣ
ǽһȣʱƺƵǲ֮Ҳǽ֮ǡСǧ֮
ȫȫСǧСǧ֮˳һλ֮ǰַսǽûжñĽ
꣡
ʲôˣͬһȻ顣
ʱַʱ򣬵һξȻ޷סˡʱǽϣַͷ·ͻȻ֣ԼһֻϣȻͼƷһͷ
ʱĺ񲢲һˣǡһСǧ磡
һ˲䣬ַˣ˵ˡ
һСǧôȻǰǽֻһսҲ޷ϣսЯһЩСǧ֮ǽĸ
½ֻһ㣬һɶҲַʱ޷ġǽʲô֮ǽ̫ǿ̫ǿַʱ򣬻ԶԶǿ
ʱַ֮ڵĽҲ·һ˿ƣһ˿˿ĽǴγɣӿȣһַ̣Ѿܵ˼ԪٵϢ
ڵĽ򣬷·һ̾ͻᱬԪ١
ûлģԶҲ֪Ľ֪֮Ȼǰ벽İ벽ҲֹһգΪȴ޼
ǽĿĮĿַ壬Ŀдһ˿
ǵģ
ͬƿߣȻ٣Сǧ̫࣬չҲеġܹߵ벽һģҲкܶࡣ
ˣΪߣ֮٣޼ǽ޼Ľ֮һʸ񽾰
ַɢŨĽϢҲ֪ڽ޷ѹסˣԪʱᱬ
Ȼˣַ˿Ѿĳ
ಣ
գۼ䣬ַȻʧˡ
ţ߿ռͨˣôʧ
ǽɫһ䣬оһʱ˵ʱǡʱգ
˵ʱҪõģôʱգǾнСǧǧ󣬶β׷Ѱ
һ벽ôʱյ
ǽľĸСǧ磬һСǧ磬Ѳס
ӵʲô취ߣ㶼Ӳ
Ȼǽƺʲôһ˿⣬ӰһҲ˿ռУգۼʧӰ


1581 Ԫ٣ʼˣ
ʱӡǣ
ַǰʱ֮ţ¶һ˿֮ɫѾ೤ʱˣһֱûùʱӡˣû뵽ΣȻʹʱӡǡ
һһǰʩչʱӡǣλ޷ֹûв
ַڿǰ벽ڽгŻ֮Ѿһ˿˿ĽڽѾСǧһżԪˡ
ʲôΰǼԪٵҲ޷ֹ׾ܹʱմʱ֮ԶԶַ
ȻַѾʱ߿ռ򣬵ʱ֮ƺ߽ô򵥣ҪڻͨⶼҪʱ䡣
ڣַȱľʱ䡣ѾܵˣڽһһԪٿ²죬һᱬ
ַʬħеõһЩСǧ籾Դ϶֧Ų˶೤ʱ䣬ַʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ַ۾Ժͷ֪Ӧˡ
綼ԣȻˣǾͷһɣ
ַţһҲֻܷһˣڼԪٵǰַҲ޷⣬뱻֮ճɻҽǾֻܷһ
ಣ
ֱַӴռ䣬߿ռͨ
ˣ
һȦȦĿռ߿ռͨĳַ֣Ѿ˻֮磬˽˿ռ丽
ַľҪԪ٣ǰԪ٣ֻôһ˿ᣬӼԪеõ㹻Сǧ籾Դ
ͬһʧܣܻᱻԪճɻҽռԪ٣ɹͳʣַѾû·
ַ׼̤˿ռʱֳһȦȦǽֳˡ
ţȻΪӵ֮ӳˣֱ̫ˣ֮ܣ֪ģ
ǽ԰
ý˵һСǧˣ㸲ʮСǧҲʲôˣַκεطǽܵһʱ֪Ҵռ

ַĬȷ͹˽׼ǰ벽о磬ȴûжȹԪ٣޷ӵˣڽȷһ֪ûа˽⡣
ԭΪʱ򣬿Ż֮ս⣬ڿ̫Сˡ
һսȷǽ޵УַӵʱַڽгŶƿ߶ԣƻĻ֮Ҳ޼¡
վǽַЩֶΣԸͨƿߣǶԽȴûʲô̫á
ôֻһ취ˡ
ǽ֪һսķ˶Ѫʱ䣿ھͱݻ٣֪Ƿʹ
ţ㻹ݻٱս˵Σ
ǽһĶַ塣ͲţַʲôֶΣݻս
ս٣޵еĴڡûСǧƿߣܹݻٽս
ûУ
ǽȻҲţֶַδݻսַֻˡ
ǲǳ˵Σ֪ܿˡǽ»һ̣ʵѾעʧܣСǧ磬ǽҲܷ
˵ַ꣬Ҳԥ͵һתΪһ⣬ɽ˽ߵĽ˿ռ䡣
ǽûзӦҲûַ壬οַôҲ޼¡
ţӣ߹㣬ӵơ
ǽһģ߿ռͨ飬ʲô赲
¡¡
һ̣ǽһ˿ļ¸Уͷ·ʲôΣյڸգëȻĸо
أ
ռˣʱһɿֲˡ
ǽʵ̫Ϥˡ
ǽǼԪٵ
⡭ǽ˿ռ䣿ôܣôܽ˿ռ䣿
ǽڲ
˿ռ䣬ĵطûܹ˿ռ䣬ǽҲܡǿн룬Խ˲˿ռڵĽӶԪ١
ǽ޷Ĵۡ
һ˽СǧļԪ٣֮ΣġˣûнȥСǧ˿ռ⡣
ڣǽʲôȻ˽뵽˽˿ռ֮У˽˿ռ䡣
Լ䣬ǽƺַӰ¶һ˿Ūı飬·ڳǽ
һַ̣Ҳԥ
ʼɣ۳ɰܣվôһ졣ҿԪٵ
ַһ˲䱬ʱ˿ռ䣬ͬʱҲ˽˿ռƽ⡣
һ̣һԶ֮·ҪһУݻһе˲䱬
Ԫ٣ʼˣ


1582 ʧˣ
¡
Сǧ𶯣һΣַڵСǧ磬л֮硢ʬħ磬ͳͳ𶯡
鶼֡١ĸо
ЩߣһĶͬĩһٵϢ֪ˣҲӦ
ٴ٣ˣĴ٣
ˣֱˡ
ǽɫ䣬Ԫ٣û뵽ַܹǰԪ١ѵַ岻֪Ԫ٣ͻַڵļԪ
ֻ·һø죡
ǽҲףַҲͬλСԪ٣ôַһϣʤһЩСǧ籾ԴӶôһ˿˿ϣȹԪ٣ݻСǧɹ
ֻ״̬£ʵϣǽҪȹڽļԪжôѡҪݻСǧ磬ǸϼѣԲע⣬ڽͻᱻԪճɻҽ
ַĳɹʣɶûκϣ
ˣˣɲᡣ
زǽҲȥõַʱˡ˿ռ䱬ļԪ٣Ǵٵġ
ܻ֮ļԪ٣ռ٣ǽҲʲôǿĽֻ½һٽˡ
ֱ֮籬ǿԪ٣ǽҲסɲװʧһս
ҪڼԪ֮չСǧ籾ԴҲҪȵԪȫȻڴ֮ĵطȥչΡ
ĻӲ֮͵ĵطǽҲֻ·һ
ߣ
ǽûκԥһʱת뿪ˣܿʧ˻֮Уûȥַ塣
Ϊǽַ֪ڼһˣ˿ֲļԪٳ֮£һ벽ڽļԪٺܿͻᱻʱлûСǧ籾Դ֮£ֻ·һ
ǽҲûв´ַǰ˼Ԫ٣ˣַ֮׵塣գۼ䣬ͱû˴֮С
䣡
ַڽܵ˾ҵĳһַ̣ûٶʱΪʱּԪٵǰҲԵúܲ԰
Сǧת򣬼ԪһͲֹͣܿͻϯ֮磬󲨼ԪڵСǧ磬ӶռԪ١
ʱСǧ磬ͳͳռԪ֮С
Ѿʼˣ
ʱַڽУܵԪٵĳǴ֮̾͹ַڽĴ֮
һʱ䣬ԪҲӦ˶˲䱬
ڽļԪ٣ûл֮ļԪôֲвȴΪԪٵͳͳַڽ
һַ̣ĸоڽļԪ֮ƺƵϯҪַ֮һ龻״ݻ١
ǼԪ٣֮ͳͳǴ٣˭Ҳ޷ַֹĶڽļԪ١
üԪٽ֮ݻ٣ΪļˣˣһУĸ

ַŭһһ̣ͬڴƯһҶۣŷ˲ϵҡƯţֿ˵ʴ
ַҲһĽڼԪǰԵôĲ԰ôСôĲһ
꣡
һַ̣ڽˣһʱ䶼ûмסڽѾˡ
ַѾܸܵڽڴٵĳ֮£ڼٵţԼһϢ
ƺֹڴ֮ţֻҪȥôͻݻСǧ硣ûʲô谭һжôȻȻ
ϾַѾ͸˽İأҲ֪ݻСǧһУһĽӸס
Ϊڽ˿ռڣСǧеһйֻҪܿԪ٣ôݻһСǧ磬嶤£κ⡣
Ҫ뿹Ԫ٣⡣
һַڽҪʱ򣬾еĹ֪ݻСǧаأʲôã
ûˣСǧȻҲûˣǾǳ׵׵ʧܡ
ʱֻСǧ籾Դַڽ֧ס
ৣ
ûκԥֱַһԣʬħõһЩСǧ籾ԴͳͳӽڽС
ұ֮һڡ¡
Сǧ籾Դ֮һӱ޴ĸϵڽ֮УƾϴˢԿȻ
ңдڽġһЩصʼ֧ڽķţҪݻСǧ
ֻҪˣôСǧȻҲݻɹˡǹɼۣѪ⣬ֻݻСǧ硣
ֻǣ̫ˡ
ַܸоõһСǧ籾Դʵ̫̫ˣҲֻ֧סʱˡ
Сǧ籾ԴҪСǧ籾Դ
ǣַ̧ͷڳŻ֮籬ҼԪٵĳ֮ĳ֮УַͬҲ˴Сǧ籾Դ
ʬħõСǧ籾ԴҪʮٱ
ڴ֮ĳ֮£õЩСǧ籾ԴͲܡΪһ¾ͻᱻ֮˺Ƭ
лᣬһ˿ᡭ
ַǷ֮ɫ
ֻһλᣬɹʣѾûѡһѣܼ֮ͻᱻԪ֮˲촷ۣΪһҡ
ʱ䡭ֹ
ַŭһ
һ̣ȫһУȫڽǲǻֻܾԼһеŬƴҪʩչʱ
Ԫ٣ݻһУʱΪصʱɻᱻݻ٣
ַոʩչʱ򣬼һɲǣѾ顣
ʧˡ
ַޱϲʱȴ˹ƽУı۾ȴ١


1583 ʱ֮
ַ۾ԺһƬհסڽƺҲƽУȻƽʵǱٱԪ֮£һжΪҽ
һ룬һɲǣַڽͻǸʱַҲ䡣
ֹƽУַʱ򣬳׷飬߿ռҲ飬ֹҲͳͳ顣
ַ鵱Уַŵ鵱Уȴ·һ˿Ժлһ⡣
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ַ͵һ˿ڲͬϢʱͿռƣֲȫͬʱӡǵϢЩơ
ԭˣʱ֮Ҫʱռ򣬴Ӷʱռ䣬γɵĶʱ֮
ַţڱʱˡʱ֮һЩСΪԵɺ֮£ʱ򡢿ռ򶼷ˣܵԽϣɾʱ֮
ַôʱ֮ϾѰܴʱ߿ռֻмԪٵĽ޼᲻ݣκι򣬲κκαͳͳ÷顣
Ȼ̿ܺʵϣЩַһ֮䣬ֻͷתѾˡ
ʱգʱ֮
ܣʱ֮ڿֻܳƵţˣҲѾһĽ·ˡ
ʱգ
ַͺһʱʱռԼһСġ·ʱ֮·κ磬Сǧ硣
Ȼƺʱַ尡Ӵάһɲǵʱ䶼ѣϾʱ֮·ƾʱ֮·ڼԪ֮⴩
ʱգζַܳΪܹȹԪ١ʱգַʵʵû
ʱʱ֮ȴַڼԪٵ˳֮Улȥһѡ
ɰڴһ٣
ַû˿ԥڱĽҲŨļԪ֮Ȼ̤ʱ֮·
ʱ֮·֣·ʱһȴڼԪֻ֧һɲǵʱ䣬ַ˵ȴҪ
ΪҪһѣ
̣
ַ忿ʱ֮·ڿԳƼԪٵ뵽˼Ԫٱĺк纣Сǧ籾Դ
䣡
ַʱ֮˲飬˾ͷ·Сǧ籾Դĺһ㣬һʯǧˣ֮綼Ԫƺӵҡ
ַȴޱȵ˷ܣСǧԴСǧԴֱʤ
ǼԪٱĺ˿ռĺǽҲӲˣ֪дСǧ籾ԴҲûܹߡ
Ψַ壬ʱ֮ӲĽƬƬСǧ籾ԴǣСǧ籾ԴԴԴϵĽ뵽ַڽ֮У֮ɡ
ԭҡҡ׹Ļ̷֮ţڽҲͬһ͡
ʮٱǧ
ַڽٶȣʵ̫̫ˣ˳Сǧ籾Դַ޼ɵڽ򣬶ڽݻСǧ磬ٶҲױȡмԪ٣ڼԪԽҲַͣɱٶȷԽ졣
ˣˣݻСǧ硭
ַĸܵڵɼαķֹҲʼһŵĹǼܣȻǴСǧ籾Դʼ䡣
ַܹϡݻСǧɹһ̣Ѿˡ
Сǧ籾ԴɲҪ࣬ӴСǧԴ
ַȻ۾ͬʱڼԪٵ˳֮вϵķܿ沨Ż֮Ԫٵ˳ַԭСǧ統С
䣡
һ̣Сǧ綼𶯣ռԪٱǰʬħļԪ٣Ҳͬ
Сǧ磬ԪȫһǿµռԪ٣Сǧ磬𶯣ƿߣΪһҡ
ǼԪ٣ƿ߻ֻͨ硢һ̣Ԫǰͳͳǳ޷ֿ
Դ󲿷˵Ǵ٣֮֡һٲ˵ȴǻĻ
Ԫڱˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵¼Ԫôͱˣǵȴô꣬Ϊ˼Ԫٱ𣿡
ѾռСǧԴ
ͨ׷׿ǾҪˣֻҪ񣬵õСǧ籾Դ۶٣ǾͶԷǧˡ
ڿԲôСǧˣʵ̫Σˣǰк벽ǽսҽٹôСǧ磬ûһôΣյľơ
Щǧ罵ߣһĶغСǧôʱ䣬Ϊ˵ȴԪٵ٣
ڣԸԳԪ٣ˣ


1584 Ԫ
䣡
ڶཱུԾԾ֮ʱСǧ綼һ¡ţһǴСǧ硣
СǧԴϸǱģ
޴г޾İϲڶཱུһݣһμԪͬ
Ϊһζһλһǽս
ڽսǰ𣬶ϰˡ
ǽϲ񣬼ϲ⡣СǧԴöСǧԴĿģʵַ壬ַ塰䡱ǽͲȥʲôʱˡǺʵʣʱأҪľСǧԴ
һν٣˾޴ĴۡսǺķ˶۵СǧԴǲܲ䣬Ǿ̫òʧˡ
ҺãһνٵСǧ绹Сǧ磬ڼԪٳ׻Сǧǰܹõ㹻Сǧ籾ԴҲˡ
ˣǽԵ൱İԵҴڼԪٱĺ򣬵սʵԶһӿġ
ԽǼԪٺСǧ籾ԴԽࡣ
ˣ
ͬʱһͨˣһ𣬽Ӷķ׷׳֡Щ𣬶ǽӵϢɽǿٳͨӶ١
ǵĿҲֻһǾСǧ籾Դ
ݼ£
Щոս٣͵һʱǽ񡣵̬ȴûֿ־УƺҲ̡
ţ½𣿡
ԣ±»ʺá
ǽĿ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
½ǿɲǣǽ֪½õٽǧ൱ϵĽˡ
ǽ֪ǿٱҪ֪֮䣬ϵĲֲ࣬ÿȹһμԪ٣ʵͻ
һλٽ£һõٽֱ⣬ǽҲøӣϡ
Բڣ̤룡
ǽһ˵⼸Ѿòˡս˾޴ĴۣõһЩСǧԴֲʧǾͿˡ
СǧıԴҲܱһȫռǽ޵еĴڣҲҵеĽ
нһУҲ޴Ĵۣ¸ǿսǿɾ鷳ˣȻֿ΢΢
ûһλԸһλĽֻһλһٽ
ЩϲǱĿɽжôӲϾԵһλϵЩαǰҲ˰ͷǿ˿ǽǰס
ǽܹòѾõĽˣǽԴϲĽ
л£
ڶཱུٵ𣬶׷漴һıߣһ·˳˰֮⡣ȻĬ˰﷽Բǽ˭̤롣
ȻǽռõĵطƬСǧ籾ԴҪСǧ籾ԴҪ࣬ԪٱСǧ籾Դ಻ʤҲдСǧ籾Դ
ǽҪһռôҲܣòҲǽԴϲ
ȻԴϲǶЩǧ罵߶ԣǶ𣬶ҶбһĽҲܹǿס
ƿߣһȴˡ
ռԪ֮£Ƕ۷û׼Ҳ˲䡣˵飬ԼͨƿˡԼԪ٣ûһ˿ĵֿ֮׷׶ΪҽΪСǧġ֡
ಣ
ʱԪٵ˳УһӰ˳С
ַ忴ǰһĻԪٵ˳ǰ˷ϯȥ֮һоԻΪ촷ۡ
ַ˵ڼԪٵȴûһôʵͲпᡣļԪ٣٣
زΪۻ
ȻַԺһЩ統Уһ仰
ڼԪǰʲôۻ硣
ַĸܵСǧͣϵšСǧļԪ٣СǧҪɱ䣬ÿһμԪ٣Сǧͻɱ䡣
еСǧ磬һμԪٶŲסͻ᳹׻
еСǧԳסСǧų׻𡣶еСǧ磬һֱԾŴμԪ١
ҲֻоŴμԪ٣ܳŵùСǧпܽΪǧ硣ǳŲǾͳ׻
СǧѾھŴμԪ٣ҲռԪ١СǧڷţַֻȴܵĺСǧûɱϣ
ܹɱǧСǧ磬δţȫʧܸաһСǧҲ⣬ռԪ֮Сǧͻ
ַڱѾˣСǧһͣһȴѾĿʼˣò˶೤ʱ䣬СǧͻᱻԪٳ״ݻ٣Ϊҽ
ҲСǧ
ַСǧ糹״ݻǰɹݻСǧ磬Ϊֻܳʱ֮ԪԼһЩѡ
ˣַʱҲˡҪСǧ籾ԴСǧԴܹɱ䣬ΪĽ
ৣ
ַĿСǧ
һϤϢԼһϤӰ
ǽ
ַţһ˿â


1585 ɣ
ţ㡭ַ壿
ǽҲַ壬漴ɫ䣬ַûôܣۿַ˽˿ռ䣬Ȼ˼Ԫ١
׵壬żԪٵıȻû
Ҫַ֪ǰ벽ڽݻСǧ磬㲻֮ļԪ촷ۣƺƵĴ֮һڵļԪ٣ûСǧ籾ԴữΪҽ
أ
ַ廹ĺúõģңƺַϵϢÿʱÿ̶š
ô⣿
ַ嵭˵ɫƽĿҲͬ꺮䡣ǰǽַ岽ΣյС
Ͳһ㣬ַˣַ嵱Ȼǣǽף
¶ԷǽַҲ˿壡
⣬ȻˡûпѾڿʼݻСǧˣңڶ֧סһǵõ˻֮Сǧ籾Դ
ñȣ㾿ʲô취ܵõ֮˿ռСǧ籾ԴԼҽĵط
ǽĿĶַ壬ܵˣַŨĽϢСǧļԪ٣кԵ
ȻַڽеļԪ٣ԶԶļԪϾļԪǾŴμԪ٣ռԪ٣Ǽ˿ɵ
ַڵļԪ٣ֻǵһΰˡ
гСǧ籾ԴַǼпܿμԪ٣ӶΪһٽǽһ
ǽ۾΢΢һУһΣӡַ塣
ʵǰַǰ벽׼ǽᡰӡ׼Ҳãǰ벽Ҳգǽ˲١һڽʼݻСǧ磬ųǾŵ׼߰벽䡣
ϾҪݻɹҪСǧ籾Դġ
׼ȥҴСǧ籾Դ
ʱ򣬾Сǧ籾ԴˣҲһܹŹԪ٣ʧܵİ벽ֱ಻ʤ
ֻкٺٵ׼ܻԵɺϣڼԪôСǧԴַֻСǧײҲܻԵɺϵõСǧ籾Դһ˿˿Ļɹ
ǽҲõ졣ڽʼݻСǧʱõһ챦ȻСǧ籾Դ
ǽ֪Ǽ챦μԪ٣ÿÿڼԪٵģȻûб֮ݻ٣˲ٵСǧ籾Դ
ǿǼ챦еСǧԴǽŽ֧ŵݻСǧɹΪĽ
˲ᷢÿһλ׼ϡ
ǽַڼԪٱʱͻ䣬κνҡڣַȻҲһЩȻܹڣҲ˴Сǧ籾Դ
ˣҲòϣѾһ˿ᣬΪĽֻϧ˱
ǽַɱ⡣ǰǽֻǶַŭΪ˵õַʱءôڣǽĸܵһ˿в
һλܹܵвģҲֻǽ
ȻǽҲϣַлΪˣַĹϵѾ޷ֲôֻһ취նɱַ壡
ֻгնɱַ壬ܶɱԺķա
ĻǽպҪһλͬĽǶǽ˵Ҳչһܴ鷳ò
ַ徲ĿǽǽɱҲãǷҲգַ嶼Źǽ
ǽַҲɱ
ɱ
û˿ԥ˲䶼ˡ
ǽһ־ɱУƺƵСǧ֮ǽΪĽ
һսЯСǧ֮࣬Ը׼Ҳ㹻ˡǽûκεֱ֣ӱȫСǧ֮ٲȻַ嵱һĸУκεĵġ
ͬʱַͬǱȫֻǺƺƵĴ֮ǽ
䣡
Сǧ֮ײ
ַ壬㹻Сǧ籾Դ֧ţÿʱÿ̶ţĽѾ
Ѿͨİ벽ˣġ
ˣ˿ҲѷǽսǽսЯСǧַ֮ġҲܴӦܡơ
ǽֱˣʱ򣬾ȻȫڽеĽСǧ籾Դٶȣǰʮ㻹벻Ϊˣ
ǽһ𣬸оսֱĸо
һ֮£ǽ֪һΣˣҰܵĺܲңַġԼСǧ֮ġһǽѾˡ
ҳɲɽսԶ
ַûκγɣƺƵĽٴϯ͵סǽս
ַ壬㲻ݡ
ǽĲҽһսȴַĽϯһ̣ʴ˲Ϊ촷ۡ
ݣҲãΪûж֣Ҳ൱Ȥ
ַ屳˫֣վյУǼ佥¶һ˿Цݡ


1586 ŭ½磡
ûƽϢмԪŰַ壬оƺ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䣬⻹ֻǿˣʵҲ㲻Ϻ򣬽ֻǿ
ֻǿַ嶼Щ֧ŲסˡǽʵϾô룬ҲӲš
Ҳ̫ء
ַղһλĽ棬ֻսʵѾûʲôˡǿ󣬾ڵСǧ֮
ЯСǧ֮Ǿ൱һСǧ硣ַӵŽ֮£ܡơסСǧ֮
ȻֻһٽǶٽַҲ֪жǿ
ַһٽͲСǧˣڵϲϲڽݻСǧ磬ֻݻһ롣
ݻɹĽ
ֻղһսַ˵ȷӰĴǽ˵ֱַǷˣСǧ籾Դ
ȷˣַղţȷǲģǲϧһдۡеѡַҲ˷Сǧ籾ԴѾõ˻֮󲿷ֵСǧԴСǧеİ벽ͻʱҲûôСǧ籾Դ
ôСǧ籾ԴһԼֵˡ
ַأ
ȴĵôСǧ籾ԴûȫģҲһϡַڡݻСǧ硱˵Ǿ޴Ĵ
ַûѡ
ǲȫһеĻһλսսʤϣȫַܻᱻǽնɱ
ˣǾʲôϣûˡأַȻȨ⡣
ˣѡնɱǽٳռСǧ籾ԴҺãСǧײַϣҲлչСǧȫԴ
ȻֻϡԪٱСǧ籾ԴҲżԪٶ֣ûмʱҵҲ뵽Сǧ統С
Сǧ磬ǸΣ
ΪռԪ١ȲôСǧͻ
ַѾӦСǧѾıˣԪԽͣôٶҲԽ졣
Сǧȫ֮ǰûݻɹΪĽַҲʧˣСǧı䡣
ӿٶˣ
ַ˿ѸͣڷԲʮﷶΧ֮ڣԻ㹻СǧԴ㹻֧һʱˡ
ַ廹ŬչСǧԴʱⲻ֪޴ĶѾ֪Щٵ챦ֶΣǿֿԪ֮͸ǹעĶˡ
Ľ˶Ĭ𾪵Ըӵĵز
ûпɣǽġˣ
սýҲ޵а⣿οǽսƺնˡ
޵еĽȻˡϷٹʮСǧ磬μԪ٣ռԪٶΡλսֵĳ档Щս֣Сǧ綼Ҳûս䰡һΣǷˡ
ǽȻһٽҲһλĽս䣬һλ벽У²ưոݡ
벽ܿͲˣնһλսλַ𣬿¼пܣΪĽ
ǽưոΣѵĽ񣬻
ܲᣬǽ˵׼
ЩߣһϢͨʶ㣬˿ҲΪǰһĻ̾԰벽֮նɱսֱδš
ַȴˣֻҪַ岻Ǿעַǧ硣
ǽעΪǵ̸ʣЦ󷽣Ϊַ̤ʯ

䣡
ǧ磬˵Ĺ
һ̣ڶƿߣ·о˳ŭͬΪһŵĻ棬š
ô£
ǽµĹ
ôÿֲϢķŭˡ
ոմﴫһϢ񡭡µսһλ벽նˡ
ʲôµսնˣ
ܡµսս죬벽ôնɱµĻ
ϢѾˣ򣬽λŭ
˹Уսսҿǽһۡ
ǽʢŭ֮УǾɱ˵ģ
ַ壬Ҫ
ǽгޱߵķŭɱȻһ̣ǽѾ¶˾ġ
ҪǰַڵСǧ磬Ҫ½磡


1587 ֮Ϊ
ʱ֮·
ַڼԪ֮УӲżԪ٣ѾչһСǧԴֻǣһСǧԴԶԶ
иӺĵ򣬹⿿ַ塰ӲͿס
ǣַʩչʱ֮ʱ֮˲뵽˺кСǧԴԶԶȻ֮СǧԴҪĶࡣ
ֻҲӵͣϾǵھŴμԪ٣ռԪ٣ַڽҲڼԪ֮Уַ嶼ַʽ
ǽһᱻȾ̶СǧļԪ٣򲻸ҽСǧġġ
ַȴ޼ɵֻҪչСǧԴģһŲ塣
䣡
ַ֮΢΢һСǧԴ뵽ں󣬶ʱСǧƺڱұٶڲϵļӿ졣
ַһݣܿԭ
Ԫ٣ΣգҲǻСǧҪԪɱ䡢ţɱҲҪСǧԴġַһӽ󲿷СǧԴ뵽ڣСǧʧȥСǧԴҪɱɹϲܡ
ȻʵСǧѾ޷ɱɹˣΪѾʼױֻʱˣַֻӿʱ䡣
ַдСǧԴǽζ벻ַӵСʱ֮ԡȡɡôСǧԴ
ġȡɡʽҲֻʹáԺΪ˽ַҲôĶȹСǧļԪ١
Ԫ٣һαһͣ˭Ҳ뾭Ԫ٣׼ٳҲ뾭
ಣ
ַһȥʬħ硣
ͬİ취ʬħСǧԴҲɣЩǧ罵ߣһֻĿɿڴۿַһˣСǧ󲿷ֵСǧԴڡ
ȴ޿κΣҿڳ
ѾˣڵַѾһؼʱ̣ڽѾСǧġΡʱܳݻɹ
ַ˵ݻСǧ磬ûΣյġҪݻСǧ磬гСǧԴҲÿһ˿˿õ˵ľˣпݻСǧɹ
ַͲҪ˵ľˣЩ֮޷֤ݻСǧɹΪǴĹǼܣͻһЩ⡣
ַ岻һ˿ռ䣬Сǧ籾ԴˣˣСǧǼܣޱȵȹֻ̡ҪСǧԴ䡰Ѫ⡱ˡ
ˣˡ
ַÿʱÿ̶ܸܵڽı仯ÿʱÿ̶ͣǻֱ֮޴󣬶ңŴСǧԴ뵽˻֮У֮ʲô
ʱһĹȥԪٹϯһУݻһС
硢ͳͳΪҽ
ҲСǧڱ̶ʱڣ鶼Ϊ˻ҽӴʧ
ò˶ãСǧ綼᳹ױ
ַգڤڤָоƺдΣָоԽԽǿˡַľ磬ΣǾ˵Էһǳֲǽô򵥡
вģֻһֿܣǾǽ
ַڵȣڵȴڽɱɹҪʱ֮ԪǾͱҪСǧڲܸԪ𡣷ĻСǧʹַǿܹﵽľ磬Ļ޷Сǧ֮⸴Ԫ
ֻٱСǧ糢һ
һ㣬һ㡣
ַĹžʵһ㡰šҲһġżȴǳƽ
ڽʮٱǧ򱶵ٶȣţԪٵĴ󳱾ȻҲڽңСǧ򣬾ȻҲʼת
ַ֪ѶڵѾݻСǧβˣΪĽѾǰ϶
֮Ϊ
ַͷһ漴͵
䣡
Сǧ磬鶼ַġ
ִܵߣԵˣɽ磬ǧ磡
ַޱ飬ģȻȻôһ
νһ˵õȮ졣
ַ岻֮ˣҲ֪ɱɹһ̣ҲͬһЩˣǰǣǶû
ַѾڻ統УáһЩѣˡ˵ģ᳢ַŸ˵ģ᳢ַŽӵ統С
ҪСǧһЩһЩϣǣһ
ǧִ࣬ߣַǶȹμԪ٣ͬСǧ磡ǻԵҲǻĻᡣ
һʱ䣬СǧڻûбٻΪҽƿߣжһ˿ϣ


1588 ʱģСǧģ
һٱ硣
ڼԪٵĳ֮£Ѿҡҡ׹᧿Σ
е飬Ѿˣʹ統УһλҲ޷סȫ
֮Ϊ
ȻԲĶ߳һϤ
ԪϣԪϰ
Բ̲ס棬ö𣬼Ԫ˵ĸ߲㡣һַĸһֱַġ
żԪٵĵĿ˼ԪٵĿֲ˿ҲҡˡûоԪٵԲ𣬺ԪٵĿֲѾԪٵĿֲֻˣ֪ԪٵĿֲ
Ǽ˾
ԲߵļԪ˵ˣҲͳͳˡʮλһ۷𣬻ͨ𣬷żԪٱĵطȥһ·ӵ⴦Ե򡣾УʣһЩԪͬ鶼ˣֻʣԲһˡ
ԲѾ־ԼԪǵȾ˭޷ӹǵأص˾
ڣַԲϣƺҲûô⣬ַ壬Ǿϣ
ִܵߣԵˣɽ磬ǧ磡
ţַٴԲԺУ·һӡַλá֪Ǻε֪ͨΨһĻᡣ
Ԫϣһϵģһ
Բ¶˾ģ뿪磬ԺǸλøȥһ·һԲҲڡ
ΨһĻᣡ

ã㲻һԪ٣ǶҪ
һһػԼáѾһϢˣڼԪٵĳ֮£ƺʱ޶ࡣ
磬ӰɣʵӲˡ
ݣ֪ѾˣֻһڼԪ֮УΣǸһ챦¶֧Ųôʱ䡣
һҪߣһӡ
Ŀᶨ
֮Ϊ
ִܵߣԵˣɽ磬ǧ磡
ȻǵĶдһİƺǵԺг֣ǳ죬һλԺС
⡭λǰˣ
Сǧ˳Ϊˣ
֪ǼԪ˵ַԪϰַԪϣֻлΪĽû뵽ɹˣֻҪϵߣһоˡ
ϲ񣬾ʱȴϣֻҪܹϵַߣǾַܽСǧ磬ӶȹμԪ١
ߣǸϽߡ
ѾȲˣٴǿ֧챦סˣ㶥żԪٵ˳ַڵλøȥ
ֻǣǻû߳Զǰƺͳһɿֲ˳
˳ƺƵϯһУһУƺ֮Сǧ綼ڱ

ʧɫֻǣƾ֧챦ķȴ޷ֵסɴ󳱣ƺƵ˳˲ûΪ˻ҽ
ַˣܶܶࡣԲߣ˳ǰУҲߣ˼Ԫ֮С
䲻ʮȫʮ֮£еþʧ
һѡǾ͵Ըָ⡣
ַֻôܸ࣬ܲϵߣܻܲͿǵĻԵˡ
Ԫϣ
Բһϵַߡ
ϾڼԪܲҲ̫ңԶԲȷôѾϵַߡ
Բ𡣡
ַ¶һ˿ЦݣߣԪ֮ƺ޷ȫĵط
һ㣬ԲԵһ
˵ַ꣬۾ʶ統С
˵Ѿ磬Сǧ磡Сǧ磡
ַСǧļԪ٣ѾӽβֻҪַԸ⣬Сǧ֮˲Ԫ١
ʱַͻΪ
ڳΪ֮ǰݻСǧβַȴһѡһǳҪѡ
Ǿĺģ
ÿһλȻСǧ磬Сǧ統ҲһģڽĵǸеĸ
ĺģһôݻСǧɹպһδεļԪ٣䱦ͻԽԽǿ
ʱһܣֱ춯أǿһͿ֮սʵߵͣСǧĺǷǱ
Ȼ˱СǧҲһַ֣֮ͿԽ֮Сǧġ
ٴμԪ٣֮Сǧĺģ֮٣ôַСǧͻʯ
ֺģڡġ߱ŵرǽձġ
һ֡ġʵǹ
磬ĳһλóĳֹǾͽĳֹ򵱳ɺȻ򣬵μԪ٣򽫻ﵽһֿµĵز
һСǧ綼׾١
ˣĺģǳҪϵԺһ·Уν֮ء
ַļԪѾβôҪѡһСǧĺģ׸ѡ
ַĿڻ֮ɨĿǰΪֹƺûȫ˽֮֮Ҳַ·ϵ
Сǧģǻ֮㹻ʸġ
ҵĺģ˻֮ʲô
ַڳСǧģǳҪ⡣Ŀǰƺ֮ɺģʵѡ񣬱Ͼǰǽʱ֮Ǻġ
֮죬ҲֻһСǧģûκ⣬ַܾãƺһֱ
ַΪʲô
һֱַƺûֱ⡣ڣַڿԼġ
ΪңڣΪ˲κΪѿԺúõĻţ
ַģһһĿʡ
ģַԺоȻһӣһַİϤĳӡ
ԼһģӰԶݡ
ǡʱճӣ
ַһһ̣Ժе棬ͳͳ顣Ҳã֮ҲգһеһУȫʧˡ
ΨֻһӣĳԺ֮УƺɢĹâ
ˡ
ַ۾һ̣ޱȵͨ͸ûһ˿ɣѾСǧģӦʲôˡ


1589 Ԫ𣬻ӭ
ҵĺģǻ֮
ַѾ˱ģԼıģҪңҪڣҪ㲻ҪػԼˡ
ô֮Ͳʣ٣֮ΪģԶԶ޷ַֻһˡ
ܹܶ࣬õĽж٣
ַΪһ̣Ѿ֪ˣҲڡΪСǧҪԪ١
һμԪٵʱʮǧꡣһֱŴμԪ٣ҲռԪ١
ʱ䣬ʵ̫ˡ
磬Ԫ𵱳ǴӵһԪ˵ھżԪޱȵԪѾûκ׷
Ȼȴɲ㡣һμԪٳ˲Ǿͻ䡣ϣ硣
ϾЩ𣬲ڽԪ١Щȴ޷õңǵڽȥսһһСǧ硣Ҳ١
Ҫңڣ㲻𣬲ôף٣޷㲻𣬾ŽٽҲܡ
ַΪһ̣Ҫ㲻𣬾ŽٽԶԶľͷľͷǧַ岻֪ǧǺεȵΰţǧҲԶԶȲϳ
صĳʱߣʱյĹȥδǵΰĴڣĴңڣ㲻
ˣַĿ꣬λõ˴ңڡ㲻ĳ
ҵĺģˣ
ַһͬʱСǧ統УԼһӡӣ֣Сǧ統ǿ飬Ҳ޷ӡ
¡¡
һַ֣Сǧ綼ھҵĶ
ʱճӣʱճӰ
Ҳֻʱ֮ˣܹʱճӣַҪʱճӣСǧĺģֱǰ޹ˣĲá
λ벻ַСǧģȻһʱճӣ룬𺳲ѡ
ʱճ֣ɢĹâַʶ׵ĳС֪ʱճӵʲô죬Сǧĵʲôá
ڤڤУַֻһͷǾǽʱճӵСǧģ뷨
СǧĺȷַСǧҲݻɹ
ৣ
ַ۾
գΪ
ַĻ䣬һ̣һɿֲƳ
䣡
Сǧ綼𶯣ļԪ֮ˣСǧ磬ƺĸˣʮٱٶȣѸٵıš
СǧĻ𣬾ڵϦ֮䡣
£
ˣڳˣоˡ
ڸϵĿһλĵ
ַ۾Χӻ򣬾Ȼƿߡһ½½
϶һ𣬶ŸԵˣõĳ챦ĳֵܹסԪ֧֮ŵڡ
ٴˣûַ壬ַûгɾͽôǾٴˣҲввԪ١עҪСǧı䡣
飬䡣
ѭҲ
ַΪ˽ôһоͶıˡ
ѳСǧ磬뿪Сǧ磬ǧ磬ô൱ڶȹ˼Ԫ١
ǻĻᡣ
ˣڸַܵƥϢϢ˶ϲӣеޱȵ˷ܡ
ܹţǾˣʲôҪֻлţϣ
£ҵȡ
˶׷׵Ĺڵأ֮ǰжôĽһλǰǶϣҪߵݡ
ܵǾԵ֣ԣɡ
ַûΥŵԣŵܹߵߣǾܹǶȹԪ٣Ҳֻƿߵߡ
ǵĻԵ
ৣ
ַСǧ֮һͽ𶼾뵽Сǧ統УСǧѾݻɹǳȫ
ôǼˡ
ַţգ漴ӰһɵĳȵСﾭ٣Ѿٱûгױ
üϣܳɹɡ
ַҲûʮİգ֣һ
ˣ
ƬպһӾֹסһԪٵĽ˳ҲֹסˡôһƬΧмԪ٣ַȴԵúƽһ㶼ûظɵĸо
ʱݣ
ַһ漴ʱ⿪ʼݣһĻյС

ȻгϤӰһǽһǡԪ
ַ۾˿һ̣Сǧ統еʱճӣ΢΢һ
䣡
һ̣תַһֺĸоͷ·һĿռ䣬ΧһĻ棬޾
ÿһɲǣַ嶼оƣͣƺһʱ䶼֧Ųס
ʱյѹ
ַҲԥ͵ĳŻ浱мԪӰһץ
¡
ΧĻһˣͬһ׷顣
ַڵСǧ磬ƺҲһ飬һ˿˿ƣȻܵص𵴣ת
̾дСǧ籾ԴЩȫ޸
ৣ
ַ۾ǰһдãϤӰ
Ԫ𣬻ӭ
ַĿз·¶һ˿Ц⡣


1590 ٣
ҡ
Ԫǰַ壬ЩãղͿ챻ǽɱôȴͻȻǰַ壿ȴַκϢ
ʲôӿȵĴ֮ǼԪ٣
ԪʲôЩã
ַ忴żԪ¶΢ЦԪչǻˣʱճӵУԪӲġ
ʱյ
ҪؼԪ𣬴̫̫
ԭַСǧѾݻɹʣСǧ籾Դַû뵽תʱ⣬ʱճнԪڵСǧȻܲס
ַ弸ܵشտŴСǧ籾ԴŻָ
վǾȻ˼Ԫ𣬼ٴַҲԸ⡣
˵ԪһὫ֮һ飬㡣
󣿡
ԪӺͿˣַһ㣬һɺϢ˼ԪԺУԪ񽥽¶֮ɫ
󣬼Ԫ죬ȴʲôû˵
ˣ׵ˣԭѾˡַʱյΰӹȥ൱ڸһΡ
Ԫⲻˣַ֪һҲǸ˾޴ĴۡĻû˵Ҳأ
û뵽𣬲ӦǽˡΪĽôˡ
ԪпѡӵһԪ˵ھżԪû뵽ƿУܹһλ
ʵǰַΪ˸߸ϣΰĽ
ֻϧûн߱ʱճиû
ַ֪߱ѾˡԪѾ˺ܲصĴۣ롰ûء߱ҪĴ۽Ӹ߰
֮߱ˡѾһΣѾͨˣǰ̫߱ˣڶʧ߱Ҳδһ¡
ԪĵĻϲΪѾһصı仯
¡
СǧƬƬĿռѷ죬ͬɳһѸڱš֮ǴڵĿռ䣬ֱ˾͸¶һ˿˿ϢҲס
ΨнСǧ֧ţſԲ塣
ҲΪΣֻнܹƿСǧ磬ǰǧ硣ΪСǧ֮⣬ǧ֮èκУ޷Ҳ·һֻнڵСǧ磬ɵĴ
ԪپҪβˣСǧ綼ữΪҽֻϧˣ飬ܹ޼
ַҡҡͷ
ⱾǹתСǧŴμԪ٣һɹɱǧ硣ܳɹɹǾֻܱ
ѭ˭Ҳ޷ַֹ岻ܣЩǿҲܡ
ַֻܻסԼˣԼЩлԵˡ
õ뿪ʱˡ
ַ岻ڲߣһСǧҲпܵһЩ
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ַСǧ֮ʱƺƵƿ˴֮ƿСǧϣһѹ˲併ٵַϡ
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ַо£ѹһɽһСǧ֮΢΢һͻѹ
Ȼܻ⣬ǰ벽Ҳ޷
Լ벽Ľ࣬ʵ̫̫ǿɲսô򵥣ĽϵĲֱ࣬
ַ׼뿪ʱȻһɼΣӿͷ
͵̧ͷСǧƿѷУһһӴޱȣɢſֲϢ
ǽս٣Сǧ磬ͷ᲻֮ϣЧȣ
ǽǽ
ַôҲ뵽ǽȻôҪСǧ硣
Խ֮ܣսҲ̸ǿֲ㣬˵һСǧ磬ʮСǧ磬ֻҪԸ⣬Ҳܴݻ١
ңڽûнٵСǧ統УͲСǧڼԪٵӰ졣
ֻǣ򲻵ѣλᶯ˵ԻСǧˣǸ߸ϣǲܽ¡
УһЩ𣬻߸ɴս٣һҲܹˡһЩĽһɳսǰ벽ҲǶ֡
ڽ
ʵ̫ۡˣᱻǡЦýȻҪ½磬ٵСǧ硣
˭ǽַ壿һֻڰ벽ʱնսơ
˽⣬ǽѾ
ΪάϣǽѾǲϧһдۣ½磬ҲһҪٵСǧ磬ַСǧһᡣ


1591 ǽˣ
䣡
ǽҲûСǧһۣͷ·߸ϵ飬Сǧ磬ĻյС
ڣнˡ
Сǧ磬һУΪ촷ۡ
ǽ߸ϵĽû˭ƽϡ
ôĶȻһЩġӡ
ǽôˣȻ½磬Сǧ硣
ǲ֪ǽ˿ǳ˴˵½һλ벽ŪǱսնˣǽķŭ֪
٣ǽʢŭ֮Уϧ˱ȥһЩ𣬻ûнǽӻȴǽһƸΪ˻ҽ
ˣˣǽú÷йŭɣΪСǧ磬ԼһЩ£ͺǽͻ
ЩǸ߸ϵĽǵľԺԶľ룬ԿκһСǧ磬ǾǸ߸ϵףܿܿǵУС糾
ʵҲϲࡣȥһЩ£ֻΪǽйŭȫɱЩҲԸΪЩС¡ǽͻ
˵λ½ƿߣֻһܳΪˣǿϧ
һ㣿ٺ٣˭֪ҪΪεѣοǽΪǼǳ˵Σܡ
ˣˣǽҲй˷ŭСǧ綼Ϊ촷ֻۡϧСǧ磬ӦջСǧ籾Դɶˡ
Ƿ׷ҡͷջ˿ӵĿ⡣
ʱСǧУ̳УȻһֻ֡
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䣡
ֻ֣ٶ̫죬쵽ǽûзӦѾݺݵĻС
ΰǽýһСǧ֮һž˲ͻ
ɫȴѿ֮ΪղһѾܵˣǲ֮ǽ֮ǡСǧ֮
Сǧ֮һ־ܹӵСǧ֮ģǾֻǽ
ǽּˣ
̳У߳һӰǽӰ
ַ壡
ǽѿǳѿĿĶַ塣ĻַܿѾˣܹܹڸղһ֮ºܹʩչСǧ֮
ǾֻһֿܣַѾݻСǧɹΪһĽ
ԭѾҪջĿ⣬ٿ̽ǣ׷ƻĿ⣬¶һ˿棬Լ֮ɫ
⡭ǽ
ַ壬ַ壡СǧеߣնǽսԭΪַ岻ܳΪ˭뵽ַȻĳΪ˽ô죬ǽСǧ֮ǰΪ˽
ٺ٣˭뵽Сǧ磬ܹһλ⻹ǲ˼鰡Ԫĵһλɣ
ԣ׼ȷ˵Ѿ߸Ԫûеˣһξ߸Ԫǰǽ
ԭǽ½磬Щ̫³çʦڣСڿǽǿλַǱҪַɱҡУû뵽ʧˡ
һλĵڤڤ˱ӻɱܶɱ˵ġ
λǽ鷳ˡλݣȶٸԪûпˣ
Ǿã˭ʤ
û˭ʤλʲôǽɱַ壬ַ͸ɱǽˡǽϾ߸Ԫʱ䣬дСǧ籾Դ۵̣ԶԶַҪǿ
ԣǵսǽӦʤһʱܾˣûӮҡ
һĶ档
λݵĽѾܾûзˣ½һЩìܣһ£ᶯ֡
ཱུսȥСǧ統дսһ
ڶýˣһսǿǻĴСǧԴģ߱ѹԵƣǼƴġ
һСǧԴĴǽʲôȥȹһεļԪ٣
ˣҪλĽսǻǷǳǳѵõġһʱ䣬ǻ֪ͨһ󲨵ĽĿͶ
ַ壬û뵽ĳΪ˽ǻڲ㽵㳹׶ɱҡУ
ǽҧгݡʧˣǧ㣬ôû㵽ַȻܹΪ
ҪΪ̫̫ѣοսַĻ֮ۡ£ַɳΪ˽˭뵽
ڤڤе˱ӻƺ޻̸֮
ǽ㼸ҪɱңȴɱҡôڣҲúˣ
ַ帺ֶǽĿдһ˿Ȼɱ⡣


1592 ѹǽ
ǽɫزѾ޷ˣĨӣַͷ

ǽôҲý¶ԷһλҪͷڵģôܵͷ
ȻܵͷǾֻһˡ
ϻ˵ţոݻСǧ磬жСǧ籾ԴĻۣߣۻۣǿ˽գҲøһĽѵ
ʲôƣˣ˵棬Ψһս
ǽҲԥһΣԵһλĽˣκεıȫԸ
䣡
ޱ޼ʵĿ㣬Сǧǧ֮Ŀտشκ棬սʹսټңҲκӰ졣
ǽȫСǧ֮֮սʵܼ򵥣ǾСǧ֮ײȫȫӲӲû˿Ľҡ
ϾٶļɣǵأһСǧѹʲôã
ǽޱ޼ʵСǧַ֮Уͷ·һ޴Сǧ磬ѹһ
ʵϣһλȷʹһСǧ磬һܹСǧȫ
ַҲʾҲͬһλ
ˣ
ַͷһ޴Ȼǻ֮ڻ֮Χ֣ƺһ޴Сǧ硣
Сǧ󣬸ֽ磬飬ֱ޾ƺƵԼ
¡
˵СǧӰݺݵײһ𣬿񱩵Сǧ֮ǺƺƵϵľһನ˷ɢȥ
ַһоѹ޴ѹ˵һɽĻôǽͬһɽƺӵĳأӵǿᡣ
ǽҲֻһٽûжȹڶμԪ٣ˣϣַġʵûʲô
ϸ΢Ĳ𣬶֮սҲûʲôӰ졣ˣ֮ӲӲʵ˭ûռˡ
ַл֮ѹСǧ磬ʮֵȹ̣û̫Сǧ籾ԴҲѷǽ
ţ
ǽɫ΢΢һ䣬ʵϸոһӲѾܵˣַȻ˿
˵ַݻСǧ磬Ϊʵܾ͵ûģսȻûô򵥡

ǽٴγ֣ѾȫԸˣһдۣıСǧ֮޾ΪһСǧ硣
Сǧѭͬ޾
ַҲѷɫıСǧַ֮廹ǵһθеôĳ졣СǧҲԽԽ˽⣬ԽԽϤСǧתҲӵ˽ˡ
Сǧ綼һûмޣѭϢǽǵĿ֮Ѿǿˣȴûмޣ޾ֻҪʱ䣬ǾǴݻʮϰСǧ磬Ҳ׾١
ʱƣַȻռһ˿Ϸ硣
ԭܼ򵥣ַл֮ѹСǧ磬ַСǧޱȵȹ̡ƽʱ򣬻ʾЩƣڷսƴģЩƾͽ¶˳
ǽСǧ籾Դ֧ţһ۵СǧԴһգǾ鷳ˡ˭뵽ַոݻСǧɹȻСǧȹ̣ܺǽƴĲ£ռһ˿Ϸ硣
˲򵥰
Ԫ٣ݻɹСǧ磬ĸǼ򵥵ģ
ǽˣôսȥºܲ
ǣǽĲϧһдƴˣĺĿûʩչ
ģˣǾƴˣûбҪοǽкģѵַûкˣڻַ֪ĺʲôóȻúСǧģΣհ֮Σ
ԣûҪƴˡ
ҡҡͷʵսزǽѾˣǴܿ䣬档
ѾΪ߸ԪˣȴòһλոսĽѾ˵ˣһǽʧأܲܶȹһεļԪ٣˵
ϾǽĵڶμԪ٣ֻԪʱˡ
Ԫͨƿ˵Խ˵Ҳֻǵָһ˲ˣԪڼ䣬ȡСǧ籾Դ
ǽڶμԪ٣ˡ
أ
ٴһӲǽѸȥվյУɫǳѿĶַ壬Ҳ˽սԥǷСǧ
Сǧĺÿһλеĸһ˿һˡȻǽǵǿֶΣȴײܶá
һ˺Σա
ǽںţֵֵ
ַ۾΢΢һУڸղţһɷǳΣյĸоƺǽڣʲôֲҪһ
ַ̾뵽СǧҲкĪʱճӡֻǣһвʾˡ
ʱճΪַСǧģʲôַ֮ԼҲ򲻵ѣַҲ뱩¶ʱճӡ
ߣַ壬ȱȹڶμԪ٣Իһ㣡
գǽͶɣһΣѾ档Ϊ棬úһʲôˣǾ͵òʧˡ
ǣǽֱת뿪ѸٵʧӰ
һսַֻǸոճΪȴѾǧˣò˶ãÿһλַ֪Ĵ
Ȼַ¼һͻǽôһ̤ʯΪǧЦѾ嶤ˡ
ַ˿ǽ뿪ˣҪСǧƴûʲôա
ȥǧˡ
ַ̧ͷڵա


1593 ĵ
УһƺʲôûСַȴܸоյһ磬ͬµһ㣬Сǧ磬ġ
ַ̾ףǾǧ磬߸ϣСǧ֮ϣûмԪٵǧ磡
ԭࡰ̽Ŀ⣬ǽ뿪Щ̽ĿҲʧˡ
ַ岢Ҫ·ˡÿһλֻҪȹ˼Ԫ٣ݻɹСǧ磬ԭСǧ磬յУǾܹӦǧ硣
ַ嶼оǧСǧ磬ƺһε·ڴߴǰǧ硣
ָӦﻹҪʲô·ˣ
ಣ
ַһƿԽԶľ룬ԼڵСǧΪ塱ûпռ䣬ʵûκãַĸ·ٶȣȴռ䡣
Ҳǽǵĸ·ʽһСǧ磬ʲôǳķ㡣ϾСǧǰ󣬰һС
ɲǵʱ䣬ַѾִǧ硣
Сǧ磬ЩСǧ磬ͬǹһ㣬мһ磬磬ַ̫̫վǰȻҲСĸо
ľͼӦ磬ֻоޱ޼ʵĺ嫣ûоͷһ
ǧ磬ڶСǧ֮ϣߵռĿĵءֻеû˽ѣӵһС
ȻֻǱ
ַȻô棬֪һᡣûᣬôСǧλ㹻Сǧ籾Դ
ˣﶼᣬķʽˡ
ӭǧ磡
ǧУһһӰ
Ȼһ׷ߣһͰ׵ģ
һֱĽһ
ĽٶȾǿ찡Ŷ೤ʱ䣿Ȼȸϵˡ
һνӴǽĺҲĽɣٺ٣˲ٵĺôˣˣٶûĽ죬ʲô취
ΰڵнţϢˣûһƺĬϵġһ
ַ۾΢΢һУҲǽЩĽ̸Ѿ͸¶Ϣˡ
һλ½ƺǱЩŽӴӦĳ档ңǰĽӴǽӦûʲôΣա
Ľˣ
Ȼ֪ΪҪŽӴǰλĽַ忴͸ֻǸоϢԶԶǽǿĶ࣬ǶٽҲһ
룡
ַ֪塰򡱵ĳƺţǿ϶һЩ˽⣬˵λĽǴ˿̲Źעַ壬Ѿڹעˡ
Ľַ壬̤ǧ硣һ̤ǧ磬ַ͸оڵСǧ磬ƺĸлˣУҲһֵѹƣַ衣
ǧޱߣҲûʲôνĳǳءеֻһɽ󴨣޽һĹֻЩطһЩǿϢӡǣһλ
ܿ죬Ľַһ޴ɽ壬ɽܣĽԵ÷ǳ֡
ϷĵܹӭҲϷҡ
ĽֱӴַ˵еĹַֻĽˡ
˷ֱ£ĽкЦ˵þϷ֪϶ʣڶһһѯʡֻҪϷ֪
ַһ漴ʵʶ֪ǧһгʶ
Ľ΢΢һ㶣漴¶һ˿ЦݵǺһԪڣΪ˽治ͬ졣ǧĳʶͰһϢϷµûһʱ䣬úõĽһ
ĽĽַҲĺϸ
ģַҲǧ磬һȫ桢ֱ۵֪
ֻһЩʶַ˵ȴҪһĨڣٺķʱȥˡ
ô˵ĽǰӴΪ˽һԵ
ȻһλԵ˭ֲأÿһ½ǧ磬ӴȻǽΪ˽Ӵ½ֳһЩ졣һԼ׵ĹǾ˭ȸϵ½ǰǾ˭Ӵˡ
ַ˵ͷԺһͷ漴ʵĽҲӴǽǽʲôر
ߺҲ޷ǽϷ򣬶ùһСǧ硣ǰϷһæõģǽ֮£Ϸ޹أϷҲ֡
ǽַ֮ĹϵǧѾˣĽȻ֪֮䣬ֻ档
λ֮ûо޴棬ǲеġ
Ľˣ
޷Ϸĵסʲô⣬ѯϷ򡣡
ַ˵ͷ뿪˴ȷĵסһʱ䣬úһĴ㡣
ңȻĽǡгַͣȻԺǽһĽһǡ
ҲᡰӴ½ԭһλ½ԵһûʲôΣգҲҪʲô
ĺ£Ķȥң


1594 ѡ
ĵһԺС
ĵд˵ĵطˣϰŮƿźţЩƿߣһĶԺסŵλ
λδѵλ
Ļ֪ħǶαƽʱҲĵ
λ˭ѵһλĽ
Щƿ߶ڲ²⣬ȴҷһλһһпðλΰĽ
ЩľٶַȻһҲû⣬ʵϣҪôź
ҪźСǧ統Уǿ൱ƿߣÿһֵΡ
ַȴûнŲƳСǧĴ㣬û㡣ַֻסĵԶס
ȻԸסĵĽһǳӭַȴôðʧ
Ҫ齨һԼԼĵطõġ
ַѾĽĿУ˽⵽ǧ
ǧ磬ʵǸΪռһƬ򣬳Ϊ֮ĳͻǺ٣󲿷ֶǷСǧ籾ԴĹУǽµƿһЩìܡ
棬ͿЩµƿռСǧ籾Դ
ôһ൱ҪˣΪһһƿߣҲʶ˽⡣
ĻٵСǧСǧ籾Դǳѡܲÿζַ۳һȥɣ˵ἸСǧ磿
ˣַǰ֮ǽһַԼĵ
ֻýַЩ˳ǧֻһֱ۵˽⣬巽棬ȴȫ˽⡣
Ҫҵһʵĵط̸ף
ǣַȥĽһ²Ľǧһ˽⣬ܸȽϺʵĽ顣

Ľƺû̫⣬½һ¶Ҫ
ǧܴܴ󣬵ѡȴ̫ģǧϢ¶ܵһʱõңֲ㣬罻⣬֮䣬ҲҪģ֮䣬ҲҪ
ַ˵ͷЩס
ͬʱ⼸ôѡĵطͲˡϷ뵽һطǳʣͿԸԸˡ
Ŷ
ħԨ
Ľָһطַȴһݣ֣֪һĵط
ط鷳
ַüͷʵ
طϷĵԶҲһЩĵܶǧӦԽҲвɶõĺôôõλãȴһֱûнռݣȻһЩ鷳ˡ
Ȼ鷳ַµĲɱ˺ģʵԸꡣ
ԭܼ򵥣ħԨһλħأλħøֶΣѾħԨͳϽΧ
ħ
ַһݣĽܣ֪ħʲôĴڡǺͽһȴħ
ħ棬еϣҪΪħֻǣħҪΪħǼֱƿҪΪҪѡ
ÿһλħġΪħģȻҲУȴǷëǣָ
ħĻǵ鷳
ַüͷ塣
Ҳûô⡣ʵħǧ磬һɻ⡣ħǿȴȦһƬ̶ħУûǧħ㡣ƿߣǧ
ԭƿߣûеǧ֮ʱħǿ꣬ʱ·硣ǸʱǧûƽһλǧһоͶıˣǧǰǿħҲʲô
ֻǺ֪ʲôԭƺǣ浽ǧһֱ׷ѰĳܣħûбǧϾɱȦһƬ򣬵ħ深֮ءԪƿеĽԽԽ࣬ûǧʵҲηЩħˣο˫ûʲô
ħԨͬħԨʹħȦм䡣ȿħأҲǽĵطΪ˲ìܣǿĽҲԼĵȻҲħԨˡ½Ľ֮£ջѡ׵ķʽǽѡһط
Ϸֻǽ飬ħԨֺôȥ˲֪ںѡǷħԨΪɺԼˡ
Ľ˵꣬Ͳ˵ˣǱ۾ĵȴַѡ


1595 ǺħԨ
ȥһԡ
ãַ˵뷨ܺħԨΣȥԿһȻ㡣
ˣħԨħʵΣ
ַע⡣
ħǽͬûСǧ磬ԴԴϣҲûǽḻսֶΡǺɱҶСǧƻҲǳˣ򲻵ѣûоԵİգҪͼħսСǧ統С
ںħԨħʵҲͺһٽ࣬ԷġңħԲҰִǽռȫƣٺ٣ǰǧĽڶһӵϣɱħء
ַ˵ͷħ൱ھħǿ棬ǿ˽ΣħƺҪ΢Ƚһ㣬ΪֶûнǷḻ
磬һЩĺģſµһǼֱ춯أˡֻһ£ǲᶯСǧĺġ
ǰĽϡ٣ԶԶЩħĶ֡ôȥħ󲿷ֶģһЩǺɣҲǳϡ١
ʱƣԽԽ࣬ڵȻת˹ûǧҲηЩħ
ǧĽǡЩħĻڶСǧ̤ƽħء
Ľˡ
ַ漴Ľǣַסֻ˼ʱ䣬ħԨúõĵһȷͬĽ˵һûʲô롣
һ׼׵ַ֮׼̣ǰħԨ

ħԨ궼һС
˼һЩǿƿߣǡȴʱѡ񵽺ħԨʱһЩħϾħأһЩħҲ
ħƿǡ󲹡ԼŵرҪ̫࣬ˣһЩƿҲײײֻҪ̫ùǿħǶٶһЩջ
ħ
ǸͲܣħֻԼطΧ֮ڣ֦ܽȥԸһЩͨƿߡ
˽ǵĲǧĲħ֮֡
죬죬ټӰѾһܻͷħ
Ƿˣͷħħ𰡣û뵽ôãһͷǿħ
ɵСһЩħԨħҲв٣ͬԮǻһΣյС
ںħԨһտ֮أﷶΧޱ޼ʵĿտ֮ءʱλƿߣȻ𣬲ֻͨΧһͷǿħ
ǧҪѾѺˣһ㡣ǽٵСǧ統УЧٵСǧĻҲȽ٣ΣնȻܸߡ
һпܱСǧļԪٻΪһҡ
ˣЩ½𣬺档ȴΣأʺܸߡ㲻ԪٻΪһңûдﵽҪûеõСǧ籾ԴͲῪͨӻǧ硣
һٵҲ·һ
˶ûбƿߣһ·ޱȵļǧ磬ǼǴ粽С
ҪΪߣ̫̫
ȻƿĽɣЩ˻ıȽҪǿʵ޷ָоֱҪܡ
ǻžһܣЩʱ򣬿ϣǰ·ôžһĥ
ЩɶƿߣһҪǶˣͳͳˣ
ħŭţھҵţʱڣҪħƺЩѡ
еʱ䣬Ҳںġ
ʱ佥ƣħƺ˿ûб仯ܴ·磬Ҫ볹׽ǲôһ㡣
ԾħԨʵ̫ƽˡ֮ǰ˵ħԨƺмͷħȻڷƿߣһЩƿʧء
Щħôĵӣ
˵׼ǻսپɡ
λѾһӰ
ಣ
ȻһХмǿϢֲħ˲Ƭ򣬽λС
ãȻթӣϽӣ
ɫ͵һ䣬ĵħӰ֪̾мˡ
ƿߣҲнգٺ٣ǹԹԱǸ˰ɣΪǣǿ˱Ǯ
ϱΧħħ𣬶Ҹħ𣬽ΧһĻ
ˣû뵽Ҳмˡ
һħɫѿ
뷽跨ɱħ𡣵ڣȴħΧɱ˺ɱ֮ƺûʲôԡ
ֻԼ̫ˡ
ħԨôһ죬ȻˣǾսɡ
Ҳ¶˾ġǶߣûκαҲħԨˣʱҲֻƴˡ
ǺƴӳĸҲ΢΢
˫ţ׼սʱȻгһȦȦţһӰϢӿռͨһ
ǺħԨ
ͻȻֵİӰһǰһĻüͷʵ


1596 н࣡
ǺħԨ
лص
ͻȻֵİӣƿ߻ħ΢΢һ㶣ƺЩûлعħǺܿͷӦ˹ǲ֪ӵľݣԷƿߣ͹ˣ
ɱ
ǧ磬ƿħûʲô˵ģ˾һ֣ɱ
ħ𿴲ַǳҪħ֮£ң֪ɱ˶ƿߣһİӣ
ħǧħҲǵһμħħɱ̫أ֮á
ַҡҡͷƽ˵
ֻ΢΢һ䣬һչһȻ·գһ㣬赲
Ƕħ𣬾Ȼһ˿ֿ֮ûУַһ䣬촷ۣ׻Ϊеĳ
ַȴһ΢һ˿ûκ鲨
Ǵڣ̫̫̬򱶣ȫᲢۡο⻹ַһλɱǴڡ
ˣ
ˣһ˿ϢûС
⡭ǽ
ʣµɵˣǲûмôϢϢأȴǵһ
ݼ£лԮ֣ǽվ׶༪ˡ
˼æӦַŸл
ַ嵭Ŀһۣľ磬˼ʲôҲѡ
ˣϿڸлȴַһɾ衣ǵģǾ裬ƺڽ䱸ʲô
һλýλ˽䱸²ô򵥡
˵ʵַλҪЮһЩʲô
ַȴû⣬˾ǿҲֻ⣿ղų֣Ҳ˳ֶΪ֮ˣħûаֺøС
ǺħԨ
ַٴʵ
ԣ£ǺħԨ򡣡
СĻش
λ£
ǡǶߣ
ԥһջǻش
ߣ
ַȻԭˡ˾ȻǶߣѹֻλýһЩ䱸ġǧĶߺٺ٣󲿷ֶһЩƿߵĺϢԭ
Ҳ뱻ƿˣϵĽٵСǧ統ȥˣͶǧ硣
ʵϣǧľ̫ãûбͨ𣬶ǡ
ΪЩıн
Ȼýһ㲻ԴС׳֣ǽµ㹻κζηˡ
ȻûнСǧΣգʵȴǾٲά衣
Щ˾ϲڵĸоˣӦþߡˣڵַ֪һλ󣬲ŷĵġ䱸
ַ彫£ǵʱɾͽˡ
ߣǵ˵ΪЩħ
ԣǾΪ˲ɱһЩħûһЩ籾ԴкηԸǶ߾ȫ
˵ĻЩԲԣַҲơ
ոմ½ΪںħԨǿʲô飿
ںħԨ
λһǿǺףζʲôζţӴǧֽһӴ
ңֻĽЩαͲὨϾαУʸ
£ħԨǲԡħڶ࣬ħ
ħôὫħƽħӦ֮
ǺħԨһɶõĺõطԽ
Ҳ˿϶Ļش
ʵϣַѾ˾ħԨһʱ͸ܵ˺ħԨ⡣·ܹܵǧһ϶Сǧ綼΢΢ġƺԵú
Ӧǧĳء
ôһ鱦أֳ⣬ͱռˡһЩ鷳ַȴ׼ˡ
ȻҪַȻٵ͵
Ǿǽ棬ǳСǧ⣬ҪĶǸˡ
ÿһλĵҪַҲͽ
ϾһǾ͵齨ǽһսԶԶ䶯ַ廹ҪӺ䶯ľٶС
˵кܶħ
ַһƺ뵽˰취
ԣ￿ħأħû
ˣǿ뿪ˡҪȻɨħԨħ
ַ뵽ˡİ취Щħ
ǵ֡
ַãֻǰСǧеĳƺŰˣڳΪ֮Ѿ̫ʺˡ
һԺΪţַûչ¶οʱַ֮Ҳʾˡ
ôһֳƺţǽ֮ء
ַԺһĻ棬ȴǶ˻統С
𣬾Ǵӻ翪ʼ
ǣַѾ˾
䣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ƺħԨͬʱһɺƺƵ쳹ħԨɢ˺ħԨǧ硣
ںħԨнࡣߣݡʹȥԿ֮֮գƽħԨħԵأ
ַԽԽԶ·ǧÿ䣬صַһʱ䣬ǧˣ۽𣬾𾪡


1597 һƽ
ʲôںħԨ
λȻںħԨͲ±Щħɧ𣿡
Ӧһλ½ĻѾ˵Ȼ󶯸ɸ꣬ȥħԨһµĵ
Ԫǧ磬ƺҲֻһλ½Ľѵǽ
ϢˣǽһλµĽǰʱ䣬ǽһЩìܣڻǽ
һλ½ںħԨʵȥһԡܼһλ£Ʊܵµӣǰ;
һʱ䣬˶Ķ
һ𣬶ѾҪ룬ǸͲܡһ룬ǿɾǱѽ˭ұѽ
ȻǧܴҲߵٺ٣ָǧ磬ߵͱȽ϶ˡ
һ˿Ķ
ϾһλͨƿߣһˡнࡱĿںţɲǷǳ
Ҳڹ˵һ˿ɡ
ǧƿߣûв֪ħԨʲôطġַｨĲ鷳
Щħ֮Ҫ𣬺ѣ
ַٶȺܿ죬˵ɨٶȺܿ졣
ýȫһʲôĳ˼㾭Ҳ̫ڣڿۡĿáһĻˡ
ַҪɨħԨħˣԳ֣ƺƵСǧ֮ͬһŴ㣬˲סħԨ
󣬴͵¡
䣡
ͬѩ˻һַСǧ֮͵£ƺƵۺħԨħжôǿһħǶħħ𣬶ַСǧ֮֮£׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
ֻһ˲˵һɲǣַһħԨħͱ壡
һĻЩûۡĿáΰƿǣĿɿڴޱȵ𺳣þ˵
⡭ǽΰ𣿡
ԪΪǶԭΪȻԶԶӦҲûôĲࡣڿҲľ֮ܣ֮Ĳ࣬ݣ޷
ϣ֮£ϣ
Ҽһλ½սȻҲúǿֱɨ޵Уȴûǿ˾Ľ𣿽ǿ°
˼飬̫˼ˡ֮£϶硣
ûʲôܹĿýֵһĻҪˣַǰûвҴţǹ֡
һλԽ£֣ܺ³֣һҲṫһ˲ͽˣԶԶûַ𺳡
ǽսżСǧ統Уö֮ƿ߶˽жôǿ󣬽ֻԽ
ڣַһ֮£ɱħԨɰǧħвһЩħ𡣵ȴвַһͷͳͳһ˲ɱɾΪ˳
ֱֲ࣬𺳣˾
֮ǰߣҲĿɿڴĿһĻʵ̫ˡ
ǡǲǴʲô
һλšǶߣڽʵһЩųġ
ǿһĻҲòϣǵܵ𶯡
ûдǾö̫ˣҲԼ

ҾãǴҪѡˡܸоλƺͬ
ߣԭǲԸԸΪ¡Ŀַ壬ָ˺ħԨħиеޱȵ𺳡
ǶԽеޱȵ𺳡
ҲһЩ뷨һλոսĽǲСǧУһŽʯ
һɹǿлΪα
αҲǸ߸ϵĽǵڽУǶ׷ȴԸðһԡ
οЩʹ˶ʯƿߣҲֻܳΪαϵռĿꡣ
ҪﵽһĿ꣬ȴ
ǾͼɣǶѾĶˣ𣿡
ã˻һۣȻѾ˾ǣ
Ҳ˳ĳΪ˻һǧƿߡ
ûнأĽûڵȣȴźħԨħӦ
ַͨ͸ﻹ֪Щǵ˼
ȻҪںħԨôħһҲ޷ƹĿ
ڵȣַ壬ʵҲڵȣ


1598 ˣħ٣
ǵԴǽַ˹ǵͱİû˸ҹ̸۹ַκ¡
˿̣ǽȴ͵̧ͷǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
޴ħԨֵطһ½һٽռݣֵõ㣿
ȻǽҲַ֪ںħԨˣֻֻ֪ħԨжô鷳һħǾ㹻Ѳˡ
οħأպи鷳
ǽǺ޲ַйͷ֮ޡ
ǽʵעַľٶϾַ塰нࡱĿںһʵϻ൱𺳡٣ǰûнĿںš
ңħԨǸطȻ壬һλ½һٽһҪռݺħԨġ
ħԨǸطɲ򵥰
ĽƼİɣϴƼǽǽûϵһλ½ȴϵˡ
ϵϷɲΪħԨǵĵطѵǲΪнԸȥħԨôϵ
ٺ٣ĽħԨȷǵĵطҲ鷳֮ءǶ֪˼λںħԨħصħڵʲôҲǣ浽ǧǵܡ
ĽһС˼ò˶ãλˡڻǺú룬޲ϵɣħڵĽһЩʲôҲÿλԸԸ⡣
˵ЩΪʱ硣λĵܲ˳˵ŰɣħǾͿˡ
ЩͷнţҲ뿴һַ徿ܲܿסЩħĻ統һЦˡ

¡
ַһӣħԨĵشһĹεضһɽ崣֮Сַ廹иգһؿռ䣬Ϊҡ
ַĻ
ַľ磬һʲôҪĲǽǲ֣ߣ
ŻĽȻڹ½˼롣ַʱûнСǧеԲ𡢼Ԫ˷ų
ԭܼ򵥣ַ廹ڵȣ֪ĵԶԶûеǵʱҪȹһءħ
ֻпħıַĻǽɹַҲд㣬ɲֻħıô򵥡
һһٽȻһЩǽǽ֮ϡңҲֻСʤǽ˫ûʲôˡ
ǿֶζûʩչ
ĵעҲĵǽһֱĽСǧ磬ҲЩƽ
ַͲǸµˣĽΪ˺ÿΪˣĶ
ԱڽȥСǧ籾Դг֡
ǿֱӰŽǻȡСǧ籾Դٶȡַ岻뵽ǧ磬ġǽһǲַ׷
ʱⳤΪ׷ʱ㣬׷Ǵڡңİȥ
ˣһλᣬһǧ磬һγסĻᡣ
ԭܼ򵥣ѾܾúܾãûйħˡЩ١ǿĽûնɱκһħ
ַնɱħֵΣ
Ļܴ֮̾ǧ磬˾֪һ˿ɾͲֻкһˣ𣬶Ը
ַھĵȴţҲڵԼ״̬
ʵҲ֪Уֻһ½һٽǽҲãַҲգӡ
һٽǲǾ磬ʵ
ûжȹμԪ٣Խ˵ǳҪһЩڶμԪ֮С
Ȼ٣ûУ㹻˾ˡǽĿǰΣգ۵ڶСǧԴ˴룬οɲ̫á
ַ壿ոճΪһٽȴֳĶҲ͵һְˡ
ţ
ַ徲ϥڻ֮У͵۾
ˣ
ַѾӦˣһƿߣڽϢǵضȻ
ƿߣ̫
һ޴ĺصںħԨϿա
ţһӴ󵽼㣬һֻŶ̤ƽħԨĿֲبյУͺͻȻһ
ǹɿֲŤǧַֹСǧ֮ɿֲǰҲռκαˡ
ħħ
ַһֱڵȴħڽˣ


1599 ʱճ֣
ᣬħѪӣƿߣ̫ħ֮أݵ÷
͵ħ飬ƺħһħһָ׺ֱԴ
ħĻ֮Դ֮еƣƻҪǿƻСǧ硣
ˣһΪħϣڽҪǿ
ȻֶβħԶԶȲ˵ģͬȾ£ǽҪ΢ǿһ㡣
ѪӣȻѪӳˣ
ħѪӵأÿħԨһררսǻһٽһ֡öٽȫѹơ
λд鷳ˡ
Ѫɱ˻ǽûôױնɱѹ׵ֶΡңЩħͲĶɱ֣򣬺ٺ٣ҲԴΪڣ̤ƽħأ
ŰɣӦԣϷܸоλ򵥡
ַ徲Ŀħĳ֣ħһѪһƺޱ޼ʣ޾ûмޡ
ħַλҲоѹ
ն
ַû˿ԥ͵һƻСǧ΢΢һ漴ǺСǧ֮Ϊһʹ󵶣ݺݳѪһն
䣡
Ѫ΢΢𵴣漴ΡħѪӣû˿ˣǼŭѪӣѪƺַ֪ʵ
̫ҹ
ѪѪΪһֻƣЯſֲħҲַͬǹƣֱ춯أ˺գַСǧ綼ֲĸо
ƾڵСǧ磬ַոնȹԪ٣ǻʵһٽл֮ҲԲѪӵĶ֡
˫̲̫󣬻۲̫
һٽҪսǿħֻһֿܣǾСǧģ
ǿʵСǧĺһЩƫ棬ȽƫĽǽһЩ⹥ԵСǧġ
ȻܵСǧһ֣ǾǾ춯أʮǿĹɱﵡ
ַСǧأ
ֻһӣһʱճӣ
ַ岻֪ʱճӵһ˵һЩΪСǧģַ֪жǿ
ǿһЩħСͲԲʱճӵļޡ
ôڣǰħǾõĲԶ
ңڤڤ֮УַָоʱճӵСǧģǿǿǿʲôزַҲ
̫̫
ħѪţħΪѪھҵķšַܹܵķŭЩŭУȴûɱ⡣
˵ɱ⣬ħѪȴһŵĸоƺȫԸں£ƺںַˡ
ˣ
ַһ˿âԭЩħҲ̫ˣǧȦڹ̶֮Уٵڣħȫڽˡ
ǶǧĽʹͬʱҲúҡڵĽȫǱǣƿϵĽħٷŭҲԲɱ֡
һ㣬ַ͸ӵ޼ɵˣȫû˹˼ɣʧܣԷҲô
Ȼˣַ廹ʲôɳɵģ
䣡
һַ̣Сǧ֮ȫ汬һһɣ˳һ㣬ӿȡͬʱһӣֵĳյС

ħѪסˣһЩԶԶսĽҲסˡ
ַʩչһʲôƽƽ棬ƺΪַСǧĺҲס˷âûɢκһ˿ʱ䡢ռϢûʱյϢƺһͨͨĺ
ͨͨĺħоĵĿ־塣·ʲôֲһһ˿ɡ
ѵСǧ
Ѫ뵽һֿܣҲ뵽һֿܡ
ǿֶΣСǧ
ֻǣ˭Сǧģһӣ
˵ӽֻαװʵϣȴһ챦һǾͷǳֲħѪԽԽоˣҲԵСĽһʱ䶼ǰˡ
ô
ַüͷ֮ǰһǿƥѪħôһӱηηǰˣɲַҪġ
ַ֪ѪԽǿַʩչСǧģڶУǿɾƴ
һλƴĽһٽѪҲýСġңַ»Ѫӳ£ùĶѪӡ
ⳡսһʼͲƽ
ˣѾˣ
ַһҲԥȻѪӲǰ
ȥ
ַһʱճ˲Խ˳ľ룬ͷ·ֻܵıڲݵĺһգۼͽħѪӵľѪС


1600 նħ𶯣
ˣ
ʱճһӽѪУһоͶˡûо춯صսҲûпֲನƺѪһӱ˺еһС㣬ڷš
꣡
ַоڵСǧ磬һ˿ơͬʱʱճӸ֣޹⣬ƺʱ
ʱճַСǧģҲ𣬷ַ彫ش
֮
СǧԴ
ַһԣʣСǧ籾ԴͶСǧ統Уһл֮ѹСǧա
õСǧ籾ԴĲ䣬Լ֮ѹСǧգܹеĸɸءˣСǧѷҲվûмˣ޸
ַȴĶʱճеħħʱճ֮Уûʲôʵϣַֻܸܵĺܵѹ֮󣬼ֱ
ڸղһ̣Լ䡣һʱճѣҿ϶СǧҲѣʱ򣬾֮Σ
Һã֧סˣ
ʱƣѪԽԽСͬһСһտʼܾңԽԽСճײ
ѪӴѪȷıСѪȴûһƵģͷ·˹ȥʱ⣬·𳹵׵ĳ˹ȥʱ֮С
ȫûʶʱճоҵҲıСҲ𽥵˥ˡ
ֿܰ꣬꣬ǼԪ
ַҲ֪ȥ˶ã֪ʱյľͷʲô֪Ѫӿ϶߲ʱյľͷ
ѪַʱճУĲˣȴԽԽСϵϢҲԽԽСӵһħСħּġ˻
ͺѪӻصˡȥƵģʱճӵȣĹȥͷǳ׵ʧûһ˿ۼ
ৡ
ַһʱջʱճӣûо춯صĲûпֲսನˣѪˣûκһ˿Ϣ
ַ֪ʱճӵĿ֮ʱճӣûʲôصֻһǾʱճߡ
ߵʱճӵľͷǾ֮ʱ
Ϣͳ𣬼ֱļ£ַԼﶼǳ𺳡ϾַСǧѪһħߵʱյľͷȴƺһЩص
Сǧ籾ԴħҲûСǧ籾ԴҲ籾ԴѪ˻ԵȴϢ͸ʱճӣԵ뵽ַСǧ統С
ַСǧ֮߱һ˿Ѫص㣬߱ǿҵƻԡ
ַȻʱճµĵطһֻСǧ籾ԴϵϵĻۣȻ󾲾ĵȴżԪٵĵӶȹԪ٣СǧڼԪеõɱ䡣
ͨһδεļԪ٣ʵͻһδεɱ䣬Ӷͻͽ
ַʱճӣȴܽʱճߵ
ַʱճӽʵܿٵͲҪȴʱȥѰԪٵ٣ӶɱڵСǧ硣
ַ˵ֱϲ⣬ʵġݾ
ȻСǧ籾ԴҪģΪʵǿû㹻Сǧ籾ԴôСǧԪ֮ʱҲֻ·һ
𣬺ħԨΪ֮
ַһָʱħԨӡǵСһλӡǣҲʹһλӴˣħԨĻ͵ַͬս
ЩңԶйսĽͷǣһĶûлع
Ѫˣ
ȷˣħѪӣ
ӣһĺӣʲôȻնɱһħҪ֪ǿħҵȽͬȲεĴڡȻħѪӲ̫ǿҲ൱һٽôϢնɱˣ
ǶСλˣ
ܹǽȻ򵥡ǵǽ嶯ˣʩչٺ٣ڻûǽ¶˵ˡ
λԽջǧ磬ܿͻһӴˡСǧᣬֽһ֡
һλոսһٽȻնɱħѪӣǡ˼飡
ڶǣȷ𾪣ͬʱҲѸٸı˶ַ̬ȡλ
һսַ塰֮Ѿǧ磡


1601 Ľã
ܣôܣ
ǵΪýǽɫ࣬ŸոտһĻַȻܽħѪնɱˡ
ϢѪ䣬ֶΣǽļ¡
¶ģûסСǧַһսǽô
£ҲħѪӵ³
뵽㣬ǽֺµĸоԼĺţţҲûŵһͱħѪǿ
Ҳ˵ַ尳ֶΣնɱħѪӵĺǽҲûκεֵİա
ǵûסַһսпܣǽͻ䡣
ַ壬ѳɣٺ٣ٹԪȱȹڶμԪ٣Ϊٽеǻᡣ
ǽ˿ﾡܷŭʱȴӵ侲ڵпĲַĶ֡
ȻˣǾֻ̡֮ǽСǧ磬չСǧ籾Դ;˵ѹַˣǶμԪܲܶȹ˵
ǽܾ棬ʵĽӾ档
ĽַǰħԨʵһЩԣ˵һС˼ҲַܳɹϾһԣħԨֵطһ½һٽܹĵط
˭ַ֪岻ںħԨ˵նɱħѪӣһվ˽Ÿɲһ򵥵£ħѪӣͳַ̤ʯַķǧ磬һٳΪ˺պĻ
Ϸ׼һݺˣ
ĽЦַ֪ɾһС˼޶áǰҲˣַںħԨվ˽ŸΪ˺պĻĽȻ͵뷽跨ȡ
ĻһС˼Ϳɴ٣ںħԨһЩıգǿʧˡ

ַ彫еӡӡŮĸȵȣһϵе˶˳ﲻСǧ磬ǧ磬Ҳû˼Ԫ٣ˣǿԷĵš
ֶַΣͨ޾׾٣οӡŮ
Щ˶⣬ϼ壬еѵȵȣԽ֮С
һ˵õȮ졣
ַΪС¼ֱ׾٣ǧ磬ַͿνǰ޽ˣôʱ䣬ڳɾ˽ﻹڣ
οǧУʲôΣա
Щ١ٽһҲԽ֣ʲôޣݡַǽʵϳ޶ԶԶûݵĵز
ǽΪ˶ٽҪַ壬пܡնɱǸͲܡ
ֶҲǳģħҪǿû˭׵һλĽƽ׸Լ鷳
磬ǧ磿
ҲĴܣȻַûʵϣַڽУַǴܡ΢һ߻ʲô
ַ壬ûκ
ˣַûˣʵϣȴڻ統Уʱʱ̶̿żˡ
ȻҲ֪ԼԪٵȵȣ˽һַҲûˣҲַ֪ΪǺεȵѣ
ڣһжˣվǶȹ˼Ԫ١
ҪУ
ַ忴ųѣοǳΪƿߣ
ҡҡͷжôȤҾѾ㹻ˡзڣһʲô
ַЦЦȷòС²УַڣҲܰȫ
УΣգУûΣա
Ǹ˵ѡ񣬶ңԼǵİȫǼַһ˵ϡˣ˿ԲУַȴԡ
磬ʲôʱյ㣿
ʵ
յ㣿
ַգƽĻشгһգܵôңڣյɡڣңԶ٣ǲǾԵİȫ
ַԶԶյ㡣٣öȹԪ٣ȲһоͶΪС
ַԪٻңԶԴӦԡ
Բ𡢼Ԫȵȣַĸͳͳ뵽˻֮УЭַ
ǵʵǲǧкܶ࣬ǵʵѷڡ
ڻڲûʲôϵϾûиΥַλǽٵСǧȥСǧ籾Դôʵ൱Ҫˡ
ûʵܷڣǼǴ粽Уο
ǶʯҪǶʯ
ַҲûżȥСǧ籾ԴĿǰ£ĸʧ
£Ľǰݷá
ԲȻַ档
ĽĽɡ
ַһ˿ɫ


1602 ĽĿ
Ȼͬ죬ںħԨ˻Ϸػ
ûһ⴫һϤţĽѾ˴֮С
ˣܽĽĹ͡նɱħѪӣһǧ磬׹Ľǣ
ַЦЦƽƺûʲôе˼ȴԲˣĽЩΡ
ַڱʾĵĲĽġյַǰħԨȻԸ˫ûʲôǿơ
ʵϣĽˡӴַʱıյַǰħԨ٣ҲһС˼
ַȻԱﲻ
ĽЩΣȴɫЦ˵ϷҾӹǽʵǿ󣬲ռݺħԨ񣬵Ϸǰףأк񣡡
˵գĽֱӵݸַһС
ţ
ַУ漴ǰһȻʮǶʯͺĽַ֪ڼȱǶʯһ
Ľˣ
ַĿһĽ漴УҲ˲١Ľһ٣Ҳ֮ʧ
һС˼ˣ˭ûһС˼
οʮǶʯԽ˵Ҳóģȷǳʮ㡣
ý۾ͺá
ĽҲ˿Ҳ½ĽȻ˽½һЩ뷨˭ڵУԼĸĽַȻҲ⡣
ҪԼĸʵøϣҲǶʯ
һ½Ľĸ𣬾ȱǶʯ
ʮǶʯȻƲѩ̿ҲַĿǰҪĶʮǶʯȡַĺø⣬ֵˡ
Ľ²ͺİɣʲôֱ˵
ַĻûĽеΪѡ²ͺǲܵġ
ڼȻַѾ˺񣬶Һ⣬еһҲȥˣǾǸ˵µʱˡ
ǣĽֱ˵Ϸǰȷһ£Ҫ鷳
˵
˽ħԨ
ַһʱ䣬ȷԺħԨһЩ˽⡣
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Ȼħǵǧ˾֪
Ȼ֪ǾͺðˣϷΪħض
ַĽĻüͷ΢΢һ塣
Ѿ֪Ľ뷨
ĽҪħأ
ʵϣַڵħԨ˽⵽ħԨħصĹϵҲй뷨ħأǵǧ
ǰΪ˱ڿȴ˱ħֶˡ
ҺħԨħص֮Բżħ֡
Ľѵ㲻֪ħصĽ
Ȼ֪
Ľ˵ǧУһλǧȹ˵ھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧ󣬾ͳֽħһʣµȫһƬӴصУ֮ΪħءӴˣ䲼ħߣ뿪ħأҲýħء
ԣħؽڶƿߺͽд󹦣
ַҲǳһ֮ɨħǾǴͣ
ϾǧԶԶôȫǸʱǧ磬ħǻɱսʮѪȺͲпᡣ
ನ֪˶Сǧ磬˶Сǧ硣
ΪħĴڣˣħƿԣνǲ¡
ԴΪ˵һλǧԺһоͶıˡڽ棬ħѾǽǵĶ֣ǸʵԶԶˡ
ⶼһ˵Ĺ͡
㵽ڣѾȥ˲֪ٸԪǧһҲͲֻλǧɸ߸ϣǧ֮һƬʱյ޵д֮һ
һλΰڵĽַҴ
ԣĽħأ
ַĿѾĽħأַ岻ֹĽһȥðա
˵ħҲǿħͿˣһħأǿ϶׶༪١
ϷôҴµĽأǿħǽװʵ£ϷһЩҲ
ħף
ַ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ľ⣬ǽħأǽħףҲƺǲܡ
ַʲôϵ
Ľѵǰܽף
ַЩ֣ǰҲԺħǽװΪηҪȵڣѵʲôΪ֪һЩأ


1603 ܾ
ǲܽףǡ˫Ρ
Ľ̾һҡҡͷħǣǽǺ֮ǡǽħҲһ˿ɵ˫Σ˭ҽףڲһˣռħԨΪħΨһͨħȻҲɣȴɱκһλˣһ뷽跨ȡϵ
ֻҪϵôһоͶ˵ˡҪĽֻһͨˡ
ַˡ
ʵǣҲħףȴڣҲùͨϾħǲ뿪ħصġħԨ˫ΨһĽĵطһЩǻɵ֮£ټϼǿĽѾ˵ҲûбҪȥһµĵˣö֮ûںħԨ
½Ľη壬пںħԨӶħǽͨǽǺлģǽȴðգҲûַʵܲںħԨ˵
ַʵ߽УȻ˳Ľ˵
һħʲô˹ͨ˫ܹףħҲһʵ
УˡħһǰʲôԭǶҹͨţǾҪ⹵ͨĻᣬԴ˽Բԣ
ˡ
ַһ漴ҡҡͷܾ
ţ
Ľ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ַȻɾľܾˡ
ʵЩԤϡ
Ľ԰ꡣܾΪǻйصģֻɻڲáħǹͨҲãҲգҲֻɻȥӴˣǼδԽħǽӴ
⡭
Ľˣַ廹ЩĴ󡱣ֱҪ̡
Ľһ֣ռȻħǹͨϣл˵ע⣬Ľеκηգǻġ
ڣַȻĽĴ㣬ֱӾܾˡ
ֻǣܳסѹ
ħԽԽԽԽ˵֮£ֶܼã
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Ľ˼Ѿˣ޷һ޴档
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ȷǧڽ˵൱ġȫôԪȻĽڼԪٵıûжȹԪ١
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Сǧ籾Դص£ҶûгֹĴοǧ磬Ϊ˺ħ׾Ͷһɱ֣
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ǣ߸ϣǲµСǧ磬ͬ߸ϵһŷڻɱ
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ַǽεսѾܺˡ
ϾַСʱǽޡˣǽСǧ統нˣﻹַΪ
ȻǧˡƽַôὫôصġȥ¶ԷĽ
οĽһֱַɶǽֻˡ
Ľ䲻ӴЩħΪѣ֪Խ׵Ķ
һȨĽҲһ
ãȻˣǱͻȥļˣ
˵꣬Ľ͸뿪ˡ
ħף
ַҡҡͷʵ²̫ġħǱȦħصУʲôöѵСǧ籾Դɣ
ַҲǶʯôҪľСǧ籾ԴˣħĽףȻܻСǧ籾Դ
ǣַɴཫЩ¶ԲԪҲ˷ֱһǶʯΪҲѾָտɴˡ
һУҲĲ죬ַҲʼ׼չˡ
ǧһֱæһЩ£ûбչǱ޹ΪûϸӡһڵСǧ硣
磬ʱճӣַͲ˽⡣
һλߣһλϵĽԼ̫˽⣬ǲϸġӰһεļԪ١
ˣַæ£һʱͿʼڻбչأҪԼڵһУڵ⣬˽


1604 ʯ
ҵС
ַѾźһУû˻
Ǳĵġ˽⡱ԼСǧ硣
һ㣬ַ͵˽ʱճӣʲôûŪһ㣬ַʵ԰ġ
ĺձСǧŪһ㣬ַ޷׵֪Լ
ʱա
ַѾ֪ʱ֮Ҳ֪λصġʵߵʱ֮ңַҲʱ֮ȻſţѾЩСǧҪˡ
ˣʱӡǡ
ֱַ̧ۣ뿴ûʱӡǡ
һȴ֣ʱӡѾʧˡʱ֮ţʱӡǣӦֻСǧ統С
Сǧ綼ڼԪ֮³׻ʱӡôڣ
ȻʱӡʧˣַҲû̫źԼʱ֮ﻹʲôź
ֻǣʱճӣȴַЩļ¡
ļǵãʱճӣħѪУѪһһߵʱյľͷ
ʱյľͷǳ
û˭ߵʱյľͷǡʱ֮ǿߣ糽
˭
ַ岢ַ֪ʱ֮ʱ֮УһʱճӣôÿʱͲжԷӰˡ
ǹȥδûжԷӰ
ԷĹȥʧ־磬ַ֮ҲֻܴƲ⣬ڴﵽ־磿
ַڻĺԶԶԶΪҪңɼ
ʱճɺبСǧ֮У֡˵ʵ壬ֲãƺáֻҪַ⣬ô˭Ҳ޷Ӵʱճӡ
ô档
ʱճӣַѾ֪ãǽ뵽ʱճ֮Уκζͳͳߵʱյľͷ
˵ֻҪûгѳʱգôʱյľͷ˭ҲӲʱգɱﵣκιֶΣκﶼҪֲɱﵣ˷ʤҲӲ
ȻֻϰˡҪַ޵ˣͿԺǧˣʵأ
ʱճӺַԦסƿزסرǿߣַʩչʱճӣһ˲ͻַʱճӣʹַʱճӱ̶Сǧ綼
ַļޣħѪ൱һٽ۷塣ȻһٽҲ಻֮ͬ
˭֪һٽںʲô
ַҲƣ൱ơȷˣʱճӽס뵽ʱճ֮С
ֻҪûгһٽķ룬ʱ֮ǰûκεֻֿ֮ħѪһûߵʱյľͷѾ׻Ϊҽˡ
ȻֻҪԺַʱճӣһֱСǧ統ôʱƣʱճӵҲԽԽǿ
гһգַʱճǿַһֱߵʱվͷ׷Ѱʱվͷأ
˭Ҳ˵δ޿ܵġ
ʱճӽħѪӡնɱõֻҲ뵽ַСǧ統С
ֻһ㣬ȴǻԴŻСǧ֮ǳʴԺԡ
ַǽս²ʱճӣû֮ܵһǽ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ΪַСǧ֮ħѪӵĻ໥ںϣӵħѪӵһ˿רſСǧ֮
ԺַʱճնɱħҲܻöԷĸӶ뵽Сǧ統С
ĳ˵ʱճӼֱǱַСǧ磬һ¯ͨʱճӣԽָͳͳΪһ塣
ַСǧġ롰֪ԶԶûнַСǧ硣
ϸĹ۲죬СǧתСǧ綼ʱ
һĽڵЩڵʱͻл𣬻֮Ȼ˺ܳһʱ䣬ǻ
һֻء
۵Ļ̫̫࣬ôö֮ʱһͻᵼ¼ԪٵıҲһġֻء
ԭԪپôġ
ַ˼Ժиָͷ˸ţײżһ˿˿է֣Сǧı˽ĸ͸
ţнʯ
ַһ뵽˽ʯֻĽַұСǧ磬ûҵʯ
һ˼Ѿˡ
ʯҪһСǧ磬Сǧй򣬲
һ¡
ַһ漴Сǧ磬ʯ


1605 Сǧ磡
䣡
ַ峢ʯûʯʯַУѾûκܡ
ټ϶һЩʯĴַѾ֪˽ʯĴţˣһΣСǧ磬Ϊ˳һ
ַСǧй򣬶ʱټСǧ֮Լʲô
ֻǣַո׼һ̣͸оСǧھҵĶţ͸ոôһСʱ䣬СǧڽʣһСǧ籾Դȫһաȥ¾ͻ˵Сǧ硣
һ͵òʧˡ
ʯҪСǧ籾Դң뾡ȹڶμԪ٣ҲͬҪСǧ籾Դ
ַѾˡСǧ籾ԴǹؼеĹؼַʱ֮ϵ裬ֻҪ㹻Сǧ籾Դܹʱ٣СǧӭԪ١
ȻҲַֻܹСǧ綼٣漰ʱ漰ʱ֮ƿߣֻĵȴСǧ磬ʮǧ꣬ܶȹԪ١
ʱ䲻⣬λԸǰԪ٣
˳׼ܹٷְٶȹԪ٣ҲûλԸȥȼԪٵģǵȵʱ٣СǧȻȻı˼Ԫٺ󣬲ŻȥȹԪ١
ַ岻һٶȾͺܿ죬Сǧ籾Դ£Ҳδʱ٣ǰȼԪ١
ȻǰҪСǧ籾Դ
ңʯҲҪСǧ籾ԴڵĻպҲҪַ򡣵ַڣҲҪһЩǿǽαС
ˣʯҲһҪһλαѡַ嶼ѾˣǼԪ
ֻǣҪСǧ籾Դǵ˽ٵСǧȥСǧԴ

䣡
Ԫͻˣ
ַһǶʯ֮ͻˡĻۺ񣬱ϾӵһԪһֱ˵ھżԪ
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ԪΪҲ˳ַһͷħˡħҲһλħɳġ
˫һƿߣһħȴƽ̸С
գ˫̸֮˳ԵõԼһҪĶһν׳ɹôպħ֮ĽͨǽףͻԴԴϡ
ƾһͽʢ˥ΪǧȽӰˡ
ʱƣԲҲΪˡңַӦһЩƿߣҲСǧ統У飬˻֮С
һж졣
ڣַˣСǧһкˡ
Ԫַ㱨ħ֮ĽˣеһЩַ嶼ûʲôãµƿ˵ȴô
ԴԴϵĻۣԻҲĪĺô٣ڻЩƿߵѾһЩĵˡ
Щַ˵̫עغֻעһ£ǾǽٵСǧ統С
ҪûԱٵСǧ統УǾͱ㡣
Сǧľλãһλ˵һԽģԽܹռȻӶôСǧ籾Դ˳ĶȹһһεļԪ١
ó㣬Ǿֻܺķʱ䣬㡣
ַʵó㣬óʱ֮
ʱ֮鲼Сǧ磬鲼κһطȥδ鲼ʱܹ֮ʱ֮ǾƿһУ
֮ˣֻСκν㣬ó
ַһ㡣
Ҫ㣬ͲֻСǧ硣
һСǧ磬ûеԪٵʱ򣬾Ҫȥ֣ǵúķʱ䡣
Ȼ󲿷ֽĲ֣ʱ򲼾ֶˣ罵ٵʮϰСǧ統Сÿһʱ䣬ͻСǧ羭Ԫ٣Ȼá
ҪڶʱڣȡСǧ籾ԴͱҵھԪ٣ǶھͻмԪٱСǧ硣
ֻǣҪСǧ磬̫̫ˣЩ١ĽٵǿҲ޷׼㡣
ַжصİ취
һץСǧ֮УʱݣԼһ˿˿Ϣ
ַʱݵСǧĹȥȻʱִ֮ӹȥȡһ˿˿Ϣ
ֻһ˿ûжַСǧɺܴĸɡ
˿Ϣַ漴ʼ㣬ϢƻϢֻҪ㵽Сǧ磬ǶһЩھԪ٣߾ͿҪԪٵСǧ硣


1606 ĳŵ
Сǧ磬Ҳ൱ķʱ䡣λãǸǺķʱ䡣ַƾһ˿ϢҪƻϢСǧ磬ϼѡ
ַȻҲа취
ʱճӣ˿Ϣӽʱճӣʱճӱ鲼ǧ绹Сǧ磬ʱյĴڡ
˵ʱճӿȥȥδͬʱճҲܴ󵽸ط޴ڡˣͱȽˡ
ַ峹׳㡣ʱճӣַǽʱҲ൱һʱ޷ġ
һꡢꡢꡭ
תۼ䣬ʮʱ͹ȥˣǽСǧľλãҲǼʱ䡣ַ岻һҪǴûκǣСǧ磬Ǵṳ̂Сǧ磬ҽݽϢȻʱҪһЩ
ţˣ
Ȼַһ˽ʮ꣬һСǧ磬ϢһûбԪ٣ȴѾٽСǧ硣
ַľʼصĿռ䣬͸ңԶľ룬۲족Сǧ硣
ַ塰һСǧ磬ҲֻǡˣҪ볹˽Сǧ磬뽵١
ַûսûУҪ뽵ٹȥҲܣֻǲĳԱСǧ硣
ٹ۲һʱ䡣
ַù۲һ£СǧǷĽڹעУַܿѡη徺Ŀǰĵ̵ȷǳ
佫Ͷ뵽һ˾СǧУõСǧ籾Դ޼ǵڶ໨һЩʱ䣬ҵһṳ̂Сǧ磬Ӷջ󲿷ֵСǧ籾Դ
ѡַԸٺķʱ㡣
ǣַֹ۲һʱ䣬ȷûиӦκνϢһСǧ磬н½٣Ǵ򿪵ĽͨϢַȻܸӦ
ڣûκϢǾʹûĽ̤Сǧ硣
һûн̤Сǧ磬ұټԪ٣ǶȡСǧ籾Դõʱ򣡡
ַѾ˾̽ԪԲԼĳԱټȫ
ݼ£
ַ
ǶǻһȻֻжʮˣȴŻĸڵм
ȻһЩʮϰλЩЩ٣ԽپԽַܵӡ
ǣַһټеһʲôҪ£һֺˣܹõģ¾͸ˡ
λ𣬱ʮʱ䣬һСǧ磬ǱټԪٱСǧ磬ûĽ̤㡣ˣǲһЩǰСǧ磬ȡСǧ籾ԴλΣ
ַĻʮλ۷׷ףԵЩȡ
ʮʱһСǧ磬Ǻˡһûκν̤Сǧ磬һټԪ٣Ǿ൱ѵˣ
Ҳ˵һ٣Ǻܿͻ񣬲Сǧɣбõ
Сǧп̺Σգʵûзλϡṳ̂㣬ƾһСǧڵߣжǿ
û𶼻˵οǧյֶΣҪԶԶǿСǧ
ϾÿһСǧ綼ַܵġһʵ̹͵
·Ը
ûκ飬Ƕһ˻ǾζҪΪַ£ַߡСǧ磬Ǿ͸Ǽҳ㷹ǰǣܻܲúô
һҪΪ𡣶ҪΪֻһĿ꣬ǻýʯΪα
Щ׷׼Ϊַ½һ½һŽʯ
ǵĿ꣬δĽʯ
½ֻһϣҲϧϾΨһϣˣĻʹ˶ʯڽƿߣǼˣԶҲ޷һ˵Ĳ̡
ЩĿжһ˿
ڴַܸһŵϣ΢΢ϣãҲϣܺùһϣûС
ַĿЩһһɨȻܸܵĵĿĿ⡰㡱ޱȵС
֪Щ
ǣַ建ˣʯдߣһŽʯ
䣡
𶼼ǵȵľ仰ǽĳŵ˿ýΥŵ
ôһ򵥵Ļ򵥵ĳŵǿԲغܶࡣôһ򵥵ĳŵṫȳŵ
ϣϣ


1607 Ǻη
ԸΪߣ
Ԫȿڡ
ʱǷ·ҲӦ˹һķ׷׿ڣŶַ壬Իġġ
ַ˵ͷαǲλʮλһǰСǧϸ鱨ϣͳͳͻػʱ
ǣҵȽ·ּ
ǣλܿѡˣԪַһȴûȥҲ˽ġ
ԪұۣպðգҪ٣ҲõȴСǧٽ١ȥ̽񣬾ͽ
ѡλ𣬷ֱ޻𡢳ǰǶߣһζ¶˾ģ뵽˻緢׼һʱ
ַ彫һνٵ񣬽ˣҲǶ˵ΡһСǧ磬ܽһλѾܲˡ
ΪַһԽλҲչʾ̬ȣʧ
ѡ˽ٵ𣬽͸ֵַ򿪽ͨˡ
ҲһȽϷ£ֻͨнܴͨСǧԽԶôǴ򿪽ͨɾҪķѸ
ͨ
ַľεסһСǧ磬漴͵ĵȫСǧ֮
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ȹ̵ǧ磬Ҳƿ¶һͨͨƺƵ͵ӵңԶһСǧ統С
ַܸоÿʱÿҪСǧ֮ά֣ȫԸ⽵ͨҪ򿪣жôѡҴͨͱȽˣüά֣ҲҪȫԸ
ûнôҪٶûа취ĶҲȥ
ڣȥٰɡ
ַάס˽ͨ˿̵ȻЩеѡ
ܿ죬λ𣬼ʮλһ𣬼ûһλͨ½߽˽֮ͨС
ַܸоЩ߽ͨĸɴļˣٶһЩ˵޷άֽͨˡ
ҪһԽٵƿ㹻࣬ҲҪǿάֽͨ
ȥ
ַһʱͨ͵ĿΪһâʮͳͳСǧ統С
ˣ
һâͨʧַָ糣ʵϣһοͺķַܴȻɽûпͨ
ѹ֣дţף¾ΪֻнܹͨĻûнͨ޷Сǧ磬ܹΪף
ַ廹˵Сǧ綼һЩƵĴ˵һЩ񣬱һЩĴ˵
ЩһЩ˽ͨǲ룬һĴ˵ȷӵһͨӵֲ˼
λȵһʱɣλһܺܿСǧϡ
ַ˵꣬漴۾Ŀ

׽һ֮·ΰ۱£ֻ·һһȥ۱»ֻء
ĺյУʮλ񣬽λΧм䡣
׽һλɢſ񱩻ִƻսˡֻϧȻۣڱ׽ãѾΣڵϦ
ѵ㻹ףѾˣʲôҪ磬磬ݻǻ綼Ҫ۳׻𡣡
׽ҧгݣı
򲻵ѣ˭ᷴߵ۱£Դ׽һĻ󣬾;Ѿˡ
Ȼ磬ɳһ飬аŴﵽ˵е֮

Ҳ˥Ҳ⣬ʮھǧ꣬һֻأʱ񶼻䣬ΨۣԼ޼ܹ
Ѿȹֻأڵۣʵ̫ˣ׽ԸᣬȻҪ
ߣ׽ΰ۱硣Ƿ׳ԼҲϧǾȻҷۣǾ񼫣Ҫ̴ܼ𣡡
ҪΪᣬǿɲᡣ
ȻˣǾֻܽǶ͵شˣɱһҪŹɱۣ
һ£ʱʮ񶼻ɢǿƣ˫һ
ʱպһӱ˺ѣһ˲併١
䣡
޴Ĺب֮Уͷ·Ӳ˺磬䵽Щǰһʱ䣬һĽţ֪ʲô¡
Ǻη
ȻһİֱӳԺУȻԲͬ˼ȴһӾ


1608 ʥã
ʲôˣ
мɵǵ޴Ĺ֪Ϊʲôǿһƺеļ£·̺ſֲ
ˣ
Ż£ӹ½߳һһӰ
ÿһӰɢſֲÿһӰѷɫ񣬶ǱЩҪֲĴڡ
񣬻׽Ҳסˣ·𲻸ǰһĻ
ڣӹ߳еӰһʮţôϢʧˣƺûгֹ
ⷽСǧŽϢȻԪٲԶˡ
Ц˵
ô죿
ָָ׽˵
ǣԪжữΪһңһλᡣ˭ܸ֪һУǾͷǡ
𵭵˵
⸱߸ϵ̬ŭ
ΰ۱µӣҲ뷴𣿷Υ桢ߣ·һ
ǳ
롣
ܲͷǧ罵ߣ߸ϣһСǧƿߣ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬ˣܶޱȵĺڰֲѹֱӳʮѹȥ
Щ񣬳Ҳ൱һЩһˣֵܵסλ
ˣͬ˿һ㣬ʮͻΪ촷ۡ
ˣ
ÿֲϢͷ·һѵۣ
ۣܣ磬һҲֻλۡλۣѾºܶ꣬һǱޣ
ۣȴ۵ѵ֮ˣ
һʱ䣬׽ƺ뵽ĳµĿܣ۾͵󣬷·𲻸Ƶġ
ţƺǵ˲²⣿һǾ͸֪ⷽСǧһУλۣ
Ŀһת׽

׽ƺţСʵ
ʲôЩ¶֪ƿ߰Ȼǧ綼֪ǧ磬ΰĻµƿߡǽⷽСǧ磬ǸǴȹԪٵķ֪һУ
Ҳ±¶ݡ
ǧ硭
׽ţ˸һ˿âƺ¶ʲôġ
ãҸǹһС
ǣ׽һһʮʶͳͳ
ԭˣСǧ˼ʵ̫˼ˡ
Ƚߣ˽󲿷Сǧ綼ͬǳ⡣
ⷽСǧ磬磬ȴûнǵ磬һһ㣬ͬһߡ
ײ֮Ϊ磬ڶֱ࣬Լͬɳһ飬ۣ¶֪羿ж١
Ȼܶ࣬ǿȴޡʲôзʽֻҪﵽһΣǾͱ롰һ硣
֮ϣǳ硣Ӧ˵飬ҪǿࡣҲкֻܶ࣬ǱȷҪһЩ
֮Ͼ硣
ѾܹνġܡˣӵŻصĿֲͬҲȽ϶ࡣ
֮Ͼɽ硣
ɽ֮硣
֮ϣ磬ҲСǧǿһ磬ֻһǿΪۡ
һƵ磬һһһ㣬ϸ
ֵǣƺֻŻᱬԪ١֮Ϊֻأһֻؿ˥ڶ񶼻׷ȥһֻءȫӰ죬Ҳ֪ʲôԭ
硢硢硢ɽ硢硢硣
һ߸ΣСķһߵֻۣһλҲĿǰǿۡ
ڣλǿƺˣҪ磬ƺҪ׵ġѡȹֻء
˼ûв´Ӧþ𡣶λǿۣ۷𣬶ѾҪѡˣûнκƿߵзʽǶһ֮
֮Ȼ棬;ͬ飬Ҳ֮ͬߣִ籾ԴԳ磬ʵ棬ֻһЩͬºѳΪܳΪ
ˣСǧܵзʽӵѾǳˡ
ôǶ˽ˡԪڼǾ»㱨²þ
ǣˣ̱㽫鱨ķʽǧĻַС


1609 ֱѹǣ
ַȻ۾ڸոգ˳ͻص鱨Сǧ鱨
磿εСǧ磬е˼
ַú˼Ϊ󣬵һΡ׼Сǧ磬û뵽ô˼ǣҲ鱨Щһһ鿴
һûκƿϵСǧ磬ȻܵǿĴڣƺֹһλλۣǾλ
Ҫַ֪ڵСǧ磬ҲֻһλħﵽǲΰˡԪûгΪ
жôԴﵽ
ȻҲкܴһԭڣûǶʯ㹻Ƕʯǿ϶ܹ
еǿۣǿΪĴڣҲǵĽһͬʱҲɾǡ趨ʯ̫籾Դ
Ҳбס
£һСǧ磬ϸñǻƿء
һ磬ڽЩۺ󣬻ܼƿСǧ硣
ֻҪǲһЩһǡ𣬾εƿסСǧˣȵһԪչСǧ籾Դ
ǰǵȽǿۣҿǳλ𻹲ǱϾǽٵСǧȥ˭֪ЩʲôĿֲֶΣǵüһЩȥһʧ
𶼷׷׷ԼĿȻǰǶߣûнٹ硣ǧ磬ûнٹСǧ磬ĿȾ£Ҳ֪һЩٵ
ֻǽһСǧ磬һݣôСǧ籾ԴǸͲܡַһСǧ籾ԴǾ͵úķѺܳʱ䣬ҷǳס
һݣҪϸϣһСǧСǧԴһСǧԴ
ʵϣСǧŴμԪ٣аСǧ籾ԴҲԲеСǧ籾Դ
ˣռ˾ŴμԪٵСǧԴҲ޷һСǧ籾Դ
ýʮСǧ磬ʮСǧ磬лСǧ籾ԴܵõһСǧ籾Դ
ȹڶμԪ٣ҲʮҵСǧ籾ԴСԽ󣬶Сǧ籾ԴԽҪ
Ԫ٣ô׶ȹġΪ˽ҲǸǣÿһμԪ٣ýʾ֭ҵþȫռС
ҲΪʲôȻһԪʮǧֶ꣬룬ÿʱÿ̶Ը
ȻҪ뾡ܶջСǧ籾Դǵùʹǿи룬ӶԽٵСǧ硣
һСǧ磬ṳ̂ôͼпܽ䳹ƿأΪġ˽ÿһμԪ٣ȥСѹΡٵȥ١
ҲõֶΡ
鱨ҶѾˣ˵˵Ӧɶ٣
ַĿڶһɨѯʵ
СǧЩ⣬ҿǲλһλ𼴿ɡ
һҲգȻҪ綼뵽ͳϽΧ֮ڣǾӦԾԵƣֱѹҲ˼ҿɴǲλһʮֱ磬նɱۣ
ԣҲͬ⡣ҪԾԵƣѹ硣
𶼷׷׷˿һԽʮλ𣬳ƿռϷ硣
Ǳ֪ռһСǧ磬ȻҪʮλ𣬿¶ᳰռһСǧ磬Ҫʦڣ
ַûйپ飬ԱҲͬûйپ顣һЩǷǳбҪġ
ãǾٽλʮ𣬳ƿ磡
ַҲûԥϡѡλӻԾֱٶȿ˽ͨλΪ㣬ַһοͨǳ˳
һεռ磬ַȫ̹עϾһǲƿ߽ٵСǧ統У벻ɣ¹Ҫַ岻òСġ
ˣ
ʱУһ޴Ĺ·˲˺ա
ˣ
һϢ㱨˻֮󣬾һֱھĵȴָʾ񿴵ͨҲ˿
ܿ죬ͨгߵӰȻ
Ц˵Ҳ̫СĽˣһСǧ磬ۣʵҲǿˡ
ԭ²⣬ٽٸһλǾ㹻ˣû뵽ɴཱུλ
ڼˣһʮ
ݣԺˣ
𣬽¶ڹעţһжӳϣҪñʧ
һݣ˵ģҾýʧеۣʧˣΨһλǿۣ;ģ֮Уֱǰ񹬣ۣݻ񹬣ʱȻ֪ǵĵ
Ѿ˼ƻȻʮǻʲôıֱѹǡ


1610 ۣ
ˣţ۾У
ų죬ʮʮλһ𡢶𣬺ƺƵķ񹬡
˽⵽һЩʶȻ֪ģҲҪĵط۶񹬣֪Ϊʲôԭ۶ַˣ۳ߣ֪١
ΨмۣС
ֱӶ𣿡
ҪżôԷҲǿߣԸ˳ǵ鷳ԣȽӴɣǲУѹǣ
ǳ򶨣ʮڱʲôǵʮ㡣οҲ֪и߸ϵĽ£ڹעһһ
ۣô
ֱӴ
ʱϵĻصţҲһӡӦ˹Ȼ˿ôȴһ֪
ಣ
һǿ񶼷ɳ񹬣޼ɵɢǿϢ
󵨣Ǻˣƣ
Щ񣬶һЩһǡǵĶеĺԵоڽȴ
ԭԳΪʮλÿɢϢǸеѹΪ׵ʮˣ۵ĸо
ûκζֻǸֶ񹬵ĳ֪һɼǿϢ˿ѷɫ
ˡ
Ȼһ̾Ϣ񹬴ţһͷ߹ܣɫۣɢ޾Ϣӣһһ
۱£
ˣȻǼۣף
Ƕȥɡ
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񾡹Щɻ󣬵۱µǶΥǣ׷¡
Уֻʣ˼һųˣȴ˿ӣϵ鶼ûκεı仯
ۣǿۣȻ
̾Լ˼ۺ󣬲֪ЩԷ飬ۣǿ󣬷ǳǿ𶼸еһ˿ѹ
˿ѹ󣬵ȴֳ۵ʵ»ڳ֮ϡҲ˿壬ߣоλ𣬼һʮ𣬻ܶԸһۣ
ˣʮ㡣
ǡ֮ˣ
䣬ƺһ۾Ϳ˳˵ݡ
⣿Ҳô˵ⷽСǧ磬û߽룬֪Ҳǧ磬ΰĻǴĿҲܼ򵥣ѡ񣬲֪ѡһ֣
Ļ̬ܰҲǳưְưü
⡭Ѿµˣǵλ۵ķ硣һֱţһǿ
ڿµûЩǿˣǴŰưǰ硣
˳Ĭ˵ۣ㲻Ҫóĳ衣෴ܹΰĽ£ˡԶҲ֪ΰĽжôǿǳͿ뿪ǰӹأǾһ硣룬ô꣬ҲѾܵСǧ˰ɣΨȥǧ磬пܴ
ĻüۺĶֻǣĬã̧ͷĿ䣬˵⣬ȥַʽԼǰ⣡
Լǰ⣿
˶Цˡ
֪η֪ҪƾԼǰǧ磬жôıݶ޷ơȻ㲻ѡ˵ڶ
˵꣬ϵϢѹƣȻ䣬ȫ˳
䣡
ֲϢȫǶһʵɲ⡣ȫƾˣƸֱס񹬣ڵأĵĿ־塣
ߣ
һɫ䣬ȴһֽȽȽӿȵϢ볤ԣȻѹסơ
˼λһְɣ֪ҵȵֶΣ
Ȼѹƣȴûһ㼱ꡣһʮ𣬻ʲôȻСǧѹƣȷЩҲǲܡ
ֻҪܹɽµǶͲʲôˡ
¡
ͬʱʮ𣬴˿̶û˿ԥͳͳϢ
ʱӿȵϢ˷˲һϵĳż۵ƣֱһǿƣѹ˼ۡ
⡭ⶼۣʮۼǿߣ
һ̣ɫ䣬гŲ˼֮ɫ


1611 ۾ף
ʮۼڣ⻹ô
ˣ֮һλʧ󣬾ͳΪΨһǿۡ
ʮۼڣҲûκεֵ֮
¡¡
ų˵Ķ֣ǵصĽ֮ϯס񹬡ڣȫʮһѹ촷ۡ
޵У޵еƲɵ
һ֮£񹬶ݻ١
ô񹬻ˣ
ţǿأֻҪ۱ڣ񹬾Ͳᵹ£
Щ̫ǿ̫ǿˣղûиӦʮλߣۼư۱£Ҳ׶༪١
ۡ
ΧһЩԱһĻԼ۾񹬻ˣͳ񹬣ôһ˲䣬Ϊ촷ۡ
˵ױȵġǿܴû񹬻ô͸𣬶Ҹôס
ۣǵǿۣЩһնɱ
һ
ǵȷǸ߿Сǧۡ
Ϊʲô֮û뵽Ҳǲһ
ʮλ𣬶ҡҡͷǼ˷ܣЩźʵϣʮһǺεȵĿֲ˵ˣǧҲһ˭ܿס
ȻܿסܷΪʤնɱʮ𡣵СǧԴнǵָпܴﵽһ
Сǧ磿һЩӣпܴﵽ̶ֳȶ⣬Ͳܡ
ۣȻǽӡзƿ߲ͬһҲΪ߸ϵĽ
ǲǵһЩᣬۣû
䣡
һͳŭһӰУ֡
ۣȻǼۣղųʮһȻûɱۡ
ڵļۣҲȷңѪϵϢȴԽԽֲͬһ㣬ޱȵȡ
ϻһ֮Լ綼ϵϢ֮Уóʮ𣬶ܵһ˿ѹ
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оһ˿в
ôǿۣ飬ɳһףףԶҲߣǶ粻˽⣬ԶҲ˽⣬ǸͲ֪ǽڶԿʲôڶԿ簡
۵Ϣ翣Ϻܻһ磬ҲһصϢڼ۵ϡ
ԼۣȻĸо
Ȼֻ磬Сǧ磬ҲġСǧ磬飬ɳһ硣
ڣԵĽֻһ磬һǳǿ磬վСǧεˣ
õĳϣ
ţѾ²⡣Σʮ𣬶ӵſֲĽηһ磿
οƾһˣ޷
ߣֻ
޻ʮ漴׷׳֡ٴһһΣҲûκεı֪ҲǺǵģǾǿܣնɱ
ʮ֮ѾѹСǧˣοһۣ
䣡
ոա֡ļۣšֻǣʮֹܵһЩҲǷƮҡʱ˺Ƭ
ʮ֣ѹһУѹһУ
˫Ľ֣ನѾﷶΧ綼𶯡Ե˵硣
ⳡսϯ磬֪Ҳ֪ĿǰôҲ벻λʧ˵֮£Ȼ뼫۴ս
ǿΨһǿۣ
ۡħۣǻڹٲ֣ԶҲûлˣ⣬⣡
Ȼ۳ĳ򣬴
ţ
˶΢΢һü
ۣ㵱ȷģԭ֮ˡ
ۣģȻ֤ȷģԵӵԼ
ԭЩ˾֮ˣͻķ
֮У񱩵ನĴ˷ϯȥӰͻأĳ˼۵ࡣ
𣿲ԣӦۣⷽСǧʧ˵ۣ
üͷһ壬֪Ϊʲôڿֹ֮ĸоһ֣ͷһֲԤС


1612 ӭ£
ǸۣȻǸ۱£ڻعˣ
ħ£һ£ħܹؽˡ
ħ£ȻһֱڣΪʲô֣ɼۺаԵŰ磿
񿴵һĻϲЩӡ
磬λǿһͳϽλ۲֪ʲôԭַˣ齨µ
һϵеĳͻ֮󣬲֪ʲôԭ򣬸ħ۾ͶʧˣʧӰ٣һֱûٳ֡
ഫţѾ۸ˣҴԽԽ࣬ģ˶ˣҲǼȻͳϽ磬ȴкܶ࣬һЩ񲻷ԭ
ȴͻȻˣȻ˺ܾȡ
ۿŸħۣɫѿ֮Էֵ𣬻ϣ˫˷硣
Ʋ⣬֮⣬йأҪһֻŬĤӶõѡ
ħ۲һΪǰѾû·ˣ۾ˣѾ޷ͻơ
Ϊǰ滹·ҪĤˣƵƵ綼ȡλȻܲջ֮£ձ˴ս
ۻʤλǵĳŵ뿪񹬣Ҳ򲻵ѵ֮£
ô꣬һֱûʢѾ۰ˣʵϣһֱĬĬĹעһС
ֱ˵ĵʵϣѾ֪ͨˣˣǲŻˡʱĳ֡
ڣ۳Կˣ˴ͷҲò
ΣЩСǧԶҲ֪жô
ҡҡͷ
ϣ۲صĹȻϵۣ֪Σǿʮ𣬾ǺСǧ磬Ҳʲô
ߣǲ֪ǴҲ˽⣬ζʲôıݣ֮ǿܽƣһŷǵķǿԲ
ħ۵ǰȻʮֵİԵƺûʵ
Ц𣿡
һ䣬Ҳö˵ϻˣֱӶ֡
䣡
ʮٴζ֣ͷֳһĽ֮ޱȣƺƵϯȥ
ǲʲôƻ֮࣬һŲֱѹֻҪ㹻ʲôıã
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оâһǻһۣܿԷеս⡣Ѿܾúܾã۶ûֹˡ
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ʲôʣһλҲ׵Ľ
λ֣û˭ܹڣųʮһ֣λϵۣˡ
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λ֣˵ľ·һ𣬹ͨʲô
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ǡղǹͨ־
ܣСǧ־ôܱ𼶴ڹͨƿס
˿ǲǹͨСǧ־ֻ硣СǧСǧ磬磬ֻһӴˣ˵СǧָУСǧ磬ҲǺ
ˣۣȻܵһЩȻ粻Сǧ磬Сǧǳ⣬ռһҪλá
൱һλսˡλֻܵһֵҲ޵ˡ
٣Ǿ޵У
˭뵽Ľʮ𣬾ȻвСǧۣ߸ϣųˡ
ߣʵ˰ɣǴҲӵʲôֶΡ磬۲ϣףǴĤֶΰɣǲ
Ŀų˵
ǺǣȻǿˣ⻹ǡ
˿Ƕ֣ʮ֣ƴҲ۵Ķ֡
ӻٽһЩҲûκô
˭뵽һν٣㺱Сǧ磬һûƿߣȴܺɨ޵еۣ
ôŸ翹ûã磬ǾΨһףǾΨһ񣡡
ż۵Ļ£ʱѹ˲ѹ˳ʮλ𣬴˿̶ĸо
ΪԶˣ֪֪ηǶǾ֮ܣһ֪ӭ£
ųĻ£ʱʮλҲ̧ͷУӭ£
ƺƵصա


1613 һָ磡
֮һֱһ棬ַͨӲ֡˵ǰϾǻһνСǧ磬ӰشַǶСǧ֮ʱάŻ涼ϧ
ַֻϵıҲ֮ǰЩЦЦݵǣһҲûЦݣԵЩΡ
ˣ̫ˡ
ۣġųˣǸ߸ϣΨҶģûеƿɫ࣬εС
ƫƫˣȴ޿κΣˡ¡ĵزˡ
Ȼ³򣬵ʲôԭ򣬻һγСǧ磬ַʽսᡱǲЦ
һЩЩң֮ǰַûѡǡĻζĿɾˡ
ֻǶǻʲôΪ£һ²ӡǿɾͿˡ
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ַûκα飬˭Ҳַ֪˿̵飬ȴһӳĬ
ǶӧǾкãȻ۲Ƕ𣬵ȴ⣬ܵһ˿ӽ벽
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˼Ȼ֮治ССǧһģҲ൱ȷһ֮ˡ
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ܿóľˣƫƫַһСǧ磬Ȼ˵档
ƿϵȴܵһ˿ʵ벽㽵ٶȥҲ޼¡
ôǲַķ񡣺οһǶ棿ܵ»ǣûٽСǧˡ
ˣʲôԭַ嶼ˡ
һСǧ磬ټԪ١ҲգñƼԪٵıɡ
ַͷʱҲǾֻһ취Ǿ٣
Ȼȫ٣һȫ٣ܳű硣ңԪַСǧǰǲڵַ壬ԶԶû׼öȹڶμԪ١
ȻַûлҲ޷٣ȫûа취ˡ
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ǣֱַһָǧԽԶľ룬͸ؿռ䣬ֱִ硣
䣡
ң磬ַûκԥһָȥ

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磬ԳʮΪףн߶ĵϥ֮У˸߰ͷ­ƺҳĳλΰ
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һ˵ı飬۶Цҡҡͷƺûзϡ
ЩװŪֵزΪ˱Щʲô¶ܸɳ
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1614 ޵У
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ƣԿֲٶȣѸӣͬ֩Ƶģ鲼յС
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ǶһλᣬСǧ籾ԴƱز٣
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ڣַˣֻһָָղһУȴޱȵ𺳣ڶУһĥӡ
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һַ̣壬ڶеĽηˣԼһ˿˿ĳ羴ǽ޵еĽԶľ룬һָۣ޵еۡ綼һָ顣
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ǲǻþʵġ
ΰĻңԶǧؿռ룬һָ磬նɱۣ

ৣ
𿴵Ǹ޴ָʧ漴ɫһǶˣһλᡣѾԳ֣ԼۡڼԪѾǰʣµģ͵ȥˡ
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Ԫȫ汬Сǧ綼뵽˻ҵУˣȴѾⳡУʼ˷չСǧ籾Դ


1615 ʮСǧ磡
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ַջĿ⣬ָҲ˻ĴУղַңԶĿռ䣬һָ磬ɱۣԪǰ
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³֣治ͬ졣޵е
һǻ˳ôСǧ籾Դˣ⿪һͷ
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ַλЩʵǡ֡ڽСǧ磬Сǧ籾Դϣǡ֡վЩ
˾ͲˣҺãַԳ֣һָ磬ۡʹֻص죬Ļ룬һʧܣɽԻɾ޴Ĵ
ڣһжͬˣ٣һν٣ǳɹˡ
ַ½˼µʱ䣬ڣԪٽˡȽߣԥ׼ʧأҲһ𡢶˼Ԫ֮С
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ЩַҶ統УھͿʼ֣εƿס磬ȵһμԪ٣ֿոСǧ籾Դˡ
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ЩСǧ籾ԴַͳͳȻõ˲ٵСǧԴһСǧ籾ԴĺԶ
ַ廹Ҫ٣ø١ֻÿһСǧ綼ַ㣬ʵ̫ʱˣЧ̫ˡ
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ڣȥСǧ籾Դ
Сǧľλ꣬⡭ЩΪѡ
ĽĿһ˿˿ľâȻ˵ΪѣʵϣַĽ̸
ַû˿ԥֱӿڵʮΣĵߣħؽʮΣ
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ȻЩ˱潻Ҳ̸϶Դ
ʮΣĵ˿ԽħؽʮΣ
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ˬ졣ʮСǧλʮСǧ磬ڶʱڣԪ٣
漴ĽҲַʮСǧľλꡣ˫ҲǽԴϲ漴ַһ֣ϵ档
ϸ鿴ʮСǧľλ꣬ű࣬ʮټԪٵСǧصرע˳
ǲ׷׽ٵЩСǧ統УÿСǧֻһ𼴿ɣϾôһλ뼸λʵû̫Ĳ
ʣµһЩСǧ磬ʱټԪ٣ַǲһЩǰʼ֡
ôһɿյһƬˣҲĿǰļˣиСǧ磬ַҲ޷˽١
ʱһĹȥַûôչأôȥˡ
Ϊڻ֮Уʱ䣬ַҲһЩͷˡֻǣڵȴ벻
ǧ绹ûеȥһȥһһֱڻ֮УвʯӿˡܵһλαڻһоͶðˡ
ַҲ
Уǿչأſܹеزġϣڻ֮С
ǣַõСǧ籾ԴͳͳͶ뵽ʯСڵڶμԪ٣ַ廹ңԶҲûпǵڶμԪ١
ʮǧΪһԪ붼˾ôʱ䣬ôʱ䣬ڵ֮УַԸС
ɲҪĴңڡ
Ϊʯַ˵Ѿü޵ˡ


1616 浱ɱˣ
һꡢꡢꡭ
תۼ͹ȥʱ䡣һЩ˵ʱ䣬ܾһգ۵Ĺ򣬻ߴһ͹ȥˡ
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ʱ䣬ַһֱڻ֮УȫĶͶ뵽ʯУϧһдۣ䣬ȥչεСǧ籾ԴͳͳͶ뵽ʯС
⣬ĽȰ˵ַ壬ַ岻Ϊ⣬ɹִ¶ȡļСǧ籾Դͳͳʯˡ
ֻʼʯַ֪ҪһŽʯжôˣҪĴ̫ѹôҲֻһЩǳĽٽϣƺһŽʯ
ŽʯĽ޼ָ
Ľǽȵȣַʶһ١ٽʵûнʯ
ķʱ⣬ķѴԴʯ޲ɼΪͲ㣬ܵʱ䡣
һ㶼ڵʲô£ԼһλαƺҲû̫á
ַ岻һԶһ֮УһִĻҲһ뱻ڵ֮Уôһα򣬾൱бҪˡ
ֻǣʱ䣬ַ½㵽һЩСǧ磬ûڵǷ׷׽٣ջСǧ籾Դȴûʯļ
ȻһЩַȫʯƺе⣬Ȱ˵ڲǣȴ˷ܡ
ЩٵСǧеһҲ־ȻһĶƴȥСǧ籾Դ
Ϊ֪ʯַòţջǻ䵽ǵϣЩкôġ
Ȼ˭ҲûаܹõַһŽʯڻֻôʮ𡣸ѾǺܴˣչϣ
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ĿǰѾﵽ˰ʮ൱ˡǽµҪࡣ
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һ
ַ۾΢΢һ䣬Ľһֱ˳˳ˮżһλҲСǧ統УҲ
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£Щһƿߣˣ
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浱ַˣô
ȷˣûг磬һЩ޻֮ġ
ַ廹СĽһЩ˻ü޻ķʽһЩıơϾ˭֪ǽԸ
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ǽ
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ǽڻأɵĻ֮ϡ
ַ壬նɱħѪӣǿΪ㹻סˣû뵽ǽ̲סıֶΡġַ塣
ţǽ޴֮ˣǱ˵ҪһԣܲնɱĽˣ
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¡
ԲȰ˵ַӰȴѾʧˡ
ֻһ仰غûȥһǽ
ַصڶߣӰȴѾ뿪˻


1617 ɱ֣
ǧ磬ˣҲǵ
˿̣ǵڣۼһǽλãԵ緢
䣬ǽԼСǧ磬ṳ̂Сǧ硣
ң֮ǰСǧ統еĲ֣񶼾˼Ԫ٣׷˴Сǧ籾ԴǽȻԶԶûֲ֮ǰʧǻָһЩԪ
ΰĽ£ǵ½һЩϢǱߣпѾ֪ǵһЩ᲻鷳
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鷳
ǽһ䣬½ᣬұҲûг֣Σߣնɱħ棬̣ǵҪĶࡣǵƺûл࣬Ǳڲ֣󲿷𣬶Сǧ統СԻ˭
ȥСǧ磬ֻҪ˻ˣԣݺݵԣ
ǽĻ˶ͬʱҲ΢΢һݡȻ֪ǽԻ֮ǣûаսʤȴַʽӶ
ЧʵأѵͲ»
ҪȰ˵ǽ˷ܵı飬һҲˣٶԣǽĲǾ͵òʧˡ
ǽĻ޴
Ĳ棬Ϊ֮ǰûȴƫƫһʱҲһЩɻ
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䣡
Ȼǵھҵ𶯣һϵصǵ֮Уǽ浱ɱˣ
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ַǵһʱ䣬ǾٶҲ̲סĵ״ġ֪ǽĵ񣬱̣Զǿڻ
ʱ䶼ԶԶΣʱٳҲʵ͸ǿȹμԪ٣ʵܹǿǽҲֻһٽȹһμԪٰˡ
ͻûʲô̫
ȴնɱħѪӣ𺳣ɣЩħǲĲһ
ϾħֹĽʵѾָˡǧȦħ󣬾ûнħսˡ
Щһ١ٽħҲֻܴжϣ֣ȴٺ٣ûС
ַˡסնɱħЩ𺳵ͬʱҲһЩʡڲ²ţǲħʵͱȲϽһ
ֻǲ²⣬նɱħվ̫ˣ˵ǣǽûʲôġ
ǽľЩҲ档
ৣ
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Ȼˣ
ǽƺЩȣͬʱּ˷ܵı飬Щһţܿͻָƽ
ಣ
ǣǽһ粽Ѿ뿪ǵ棬ַնš
ǽǵСǧ磬һǺ⣿
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ַ۾΢΢һУ³ǽеļͣƺܼȣѵǽаնԸԼ
ǽʲôıֶΣ
ãǽȻټʶһֶΣǱȻ㡣ǽɵ׼ˣ֣飬ϣǽỹôţ
ַɱ֣ǽǹ⡰Ҳ硱ַҲַǽҲĶɱ


1618 ѹƣ
⣬Ҫˡ
µҪս
˵¾սҪսѵʲộ
λ¿൱׺ħѪӣնɱˣ䡣¿һҪСġ
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ǶԼҽûģַ̫׺ˡһʵǺл֣ǽ֡
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ҲûַҪԭǿΣգλôƴ
Ҳֻǽַ岻ݣ˫˴𡣼֣ǽҲϧ
ֻǣǽʲộȻĸҶ֣ѵΪħѪԶԶȲĽ
ն
ǽһȡʱƺƵСǧ֮ĳַϯַҲСǧ֮л֮ѹգסյ𵴡
һʱ䣬ĵ֮һΣĴ𣬷ײšǰһַû׼ʱճӡ
ΪʱճնɱħѪӣõѪӵĸǶСǧ֮ž޴ƻǿƵң׵뵽ַСǧ֮С
ˣÿһӲӲַ嶼ռžԵϷơ
ôܣ
ǽм𺳡ΪһΣ׼֣׼˴Сǧ籾ԴǺģҲܺĵַ廳
ϾǽʹˣҪѾǧ硣ַ壬ȻСǧ籾ԴչεĴСǧ籾ԴҲۣԱʱ֮裬ȫͶ뵽˽ʯС
ʯʲôã
ܹϣһλα⣬һǴĴСǧ籾Դٶȡ
пܻ˵Сǧ磬һ£ȫʯ̫̫Сǧ籾Դò꣬ʱƣһԪԪһһεĻۣ˳ȻȻȻľ͵һŽʯ
ַȫСǧ籾ԴͶ뵽ʯУУʵûаֺô
ҲΪַ֪ûлСǧ籾ԴǽŻô޿ַ֣һδս
Ϊ˴Сǧ籾ԴΪ˵ȵһ졣
ڣأ
ÿһײǽ͸оСǧ綼Ҫ˺һַСǧ֮ͬȴСǧ֮߱ѹ֮ơ
ˣ̶ʱ֮ڣǽ·磬ұȫѹƣСǧ籾ԴģҲӡ
ڵĳ̶ȣս֧Ų˼ʱͻȫСǧľ
ôǶٽҲ˰ɣ
ǽеţǸӦַϢȷһٽϢỳɣַǲǳΪ˶ٽ
һͬĽսƴСǧġٲȻǶúһúǾƴˡ
ǳΣաǽûд׶СǧֻǣڵľȴǽԤ뵱еľ棬ȫѹˣַһĽƣǹɿֲСǧ֮·ѹһУһУһУǽ޷Ϣ
ýֻǳսᱻȵֵزоΣ
һĻ˭û뵽ַԼЩ⣬ȻնɱħѪӣħħǽ
ַҲΪҪԸôס
ʵǣħѪӵԸԸСǧֱ̫֮ˣֱȫơ
ǽûֶΣôսȥֻСǧ֮ôǽ֮Σпܻ
ýпַܱСǧ֮飬ֻڸߵȽ׵Ľϵ͵Ƚ׵ĽŻᷢ
磬ٽԸһٽֱСǧ֮ѹһٽСǧ硣
֮ͬ䣬Сǧ֮ѹֱδš
ƴˣƽ磡
ȻǽڲˣˣѾƵ˾·ٲֻ·һ
ˣǽСǧĺ
һֻǣһֻޱ˺һеĽǣǽСǧ˽һԪ
һǿֲķϢ˸еϢ


1619 ն
Сǧģ
ַһ۾ͿǽʩչֻǡʵӦ֮ǣǽʱ֮иһ
ǽСǧ磬һ壬Ϊ˽֮ǵСǧģҹ
֮ǣѾһֲľأԭ֮Ǿƣ޼᲻ݡڽ֮ǱСǧģھ͸ǽһԷչ˼µĵز
СǧģŻΪʲôǹҲãҲգҲɡһΪСǧģķ˴ʱ󣬶ı仯
֮ǣͲı仯
֮һжһ׹⣬ɫһ㣬һš漴һɿֲķϢַСǧ硣
½ֻϢƺи˺Сǧ磬ǻ֮ѹҲ޷赲
֮ǣСǧ治
ַͷǵһԽСǧħѪսַ嶼ûйΣյĸо
ȻħѪӣҲһ۷ڽûжСǧ֮ǰһ˺ǾͲһˡ
ַ壬һ˺ʱճӣħѪǶ֣Ҫ֪֮ǰħѪѹַ壬ȴħѪӱַնɱ䡣
ֱǰǽûжú֮ǰǽͲַĶ֣û˿֮
һСǧ֮ǣһоͶˣַов汻ֻ֮ǴУôСǧԵֵסᱻֱ˺ѣΣա
Σա
һַ̣ԭĵı飬ҲһӱˡԴӻħѪӺַȷһ˿԰
ǽַҲû̫⡣Ͼ֮ǰǽ°ܽοַʵΪħѪӵԭ򣬶õ
ʵҲַ֤Ĳ²⣬ڳʵϣַڸӿֲѹǽһǽСǧƺһתȻзΪʤļ
һ֮ǣΣ
ַĶ֮ǣʵѾ֮ǵٶˣٶʵ̫죬ұ޿ɱܡ
Ȼ޷ܣֲַСǧı̴˺ѣǾֻԡ
ʱճӣ
ַûκԥСǧģֵʱճӣ˲ǰΪһֺǿվ޺ӡ
ֲ֮ǣһӾ͡ײ롱ʱճ֮С
¡
ַһǽҲһ֮ǣ̫ǿ̫ǿǿ˲˺Сǧ磬ַСǧǿʮûá
֮ΪǽСǧһˣǿɾͲһˣߣСǧ䡣
ˣǽʩչ֮ǣǾҪƴˣ
ַҲһʱճӣҲСǧģһʱճ赲ס֮ǣôַСǧ磬Ҳпܱٱ
һʱ䣬ַ廹ǽʵ϶ž޴ѹѹϢãֺһ˲䡣
ַܸоʱճӾȻֱ˺ѵĸоСǧ磬ȴڷţʱճڵʱ٣Ѹٵļӿ졣
ģʱճӲ𶯣ǽȴǻһо֮ǣȻۿɼٶȣѸٵġˡ
֡ˡǳ棬ƺһ֮ǵʱ˻ˣص˹ȥȥĹȥ֮ǻ֮
ȥĹȥǾʱľͷͷʲôûУޣǻҽ
ܣ֮ǣôʧܣ
ǽԼ۾
֮ǣǿֶΣ˵ַһٽˣǶٽǽҲģһ˺ѶԷСǧ硣
һ˺˶ԷСǧ磬пɶԷСǧӶ䡣
Сǧô档һһǿСǧģпԽսӳֲЧ
ֻǣ֮ƺˡ֡һӰסܿʧˣǳ׵ʧͷ·飬Ϊ촷һ
ǽСǧ磬Ҳ֧ŲסʼһѺۣԽԽ࣬飬ͬ֩Ƶģ·ʱȫǽ۵ĴСǧ籾Դ֧š
ַĿǽ֪ǽˡʧȥ֮ǣʧȥСǧģǽûСǧڶμԪ٣Ҳ϶Ȳȥ
ڵǽͷûʲô
ñһ̰ɡ
ַ忴ǽȻԷͷûʲô𣬵ַȴҲûŹǽ˼նݲ紵οԷһλý
䣡
ʱճӣƺƵҪǽС
ʱǽ־壬󺰵㻹ڵʲôͿҪˣˣѵ
û˵꣬ƽǽɴ۾ƺƵʱճӣ˲УʧӰ


1620 㻹
ǽˣôϢ⣬Ԥ֮Сǽ䣬˶·ûлع
ǵЩ𣬶Ŵ죬ôҲ벻Уϣΰ޵еĽ£Ȼ䣿
ôܣ
Ͼǧ磬ȻĽСǧ籬Ԫ٣ûгŹȥӶģڱնɱǼδֹ
ˣܣⲻܰ
ôᣬô䣿
ĸӦµϢˣͻȻһӾʧˣ׵ʧ
նɱħѪӣ¾Ӧþģô´ս
˶ˡ
˵ĳԱǣһĶɥȹϵһǽ䣬Ƕ֡ˡĸо£ַնɱһĶսսĿյеַ塣
ַЩ֣
ʲôֻҪû棬Ǿ͡롱ַķۣΪαĽûκв
ַСǧ統Уʱճ֡ǽԼ֮ǣ뵽ʱճӵУʱճӵԣһֱʱľͷ
ʱľͷޣǻҽ
ˣǽԼ֮ǣΪ촷ۣΪ˻ҽ
뵱նɱħѪһַʱճӣɱǽԼ֮ǺõߺĵԵǾ֮ǵ
֮ǣ˺Сǧ磬˺һеǳ£ǶٽСǧ磬¶Եֵ
ܹԽսĿֲⷽ濴ǽûеôĺҲǳܹԽսɲôסǵĺСǧͬһ㣬Խսߣ
ڣַʱճӣǽնɱҲ͵õǽĺ֮ǣ
֮ǣ
ַһСǧ˲۳һֻ֮ǣֻ֮ǣǽ֮ǣûʲô𣬶ͬ쳣
ӲҪ˵ʵģǾ֮ΪСǧģ޷ˣҲˣж
ȻбȻ֮ǵˣڲСǧˣַҲԴ󵨷ĵʹãõ֮Ӱ쵽Сǧ磬Ͳ˿Ӱ졣
ֻ֮ˣҲѸٵٴСǧ۳һֻͲ˿Ӱ졣
ַնɱħѪӺǽҷ׷׻ǵĸԺַҲףʱճӵǶô
ܽ뵽ʱճӵˣ߱ͳͳ롱Сǧ֮Уַãֱ̫ˡ
ַûǽ˵ĻǽıԻһλŵǿڣʱ̣ǽоˡ
ΪֱǽλڣƺҲûгȥˡ
ֻǣٻں޶ûˣǽѾ䣬֮һУ޹ءַȴ޶ãܷɾ衣
ľвϵ̽ţƺûκεջֶֻܸյٲ뿪ˣ
ţ˶죬Ǿһ֡ңﲻǻҪսҲκι˼ɡ
ǻնɱħѪӣǿռħԨŸոճΪ꣬ڸնɱǽò̾򲻵ѣЩ̶Իˡ
ڣ߳һӰһƮƮӣɢšУûԵϢ
ôһˣȴַһɾ޴Σոо·ǰˣܴԵĴ
ַѾܾöûˣʣʱճӵıΣգҲӵ
ǰˣַһ˿ɡ
ǶԷĶ֣ӵ
ַ岻֮о˾޴вˣǽǿߡ
λ
ַ۾΢΢һУʵ
˷ӣ
ӣ
ַ۾͵һˣǧ磬ȷôһλǲľɾȴΪ˽ǷǳֲĽ
һλٽ
ǽ㣿
Ǳǽֻǣ޴ԼҪ·ȷ棬ýôˣɱ̾
һ˵ģַȴӼɵˡ
ǽ˵ǽ·ȷ棬Ըðաǽǰˡ
ΣǽѾˣ
ΪҪԸǵʲôͻ
ַüͷʵ벻ͷӴʲô
㻹𣿡
һЦϵʱճӣ˶ˣ٣˽
䣡
ַԺһˣһжˡ
ʱճӣǰķӣΪʱճӣ˵Ϊʱ֮أ
ԭַΪεʱճӣʵ˾֪ڽУѾ¶ʲôˡ


1621 ƽϵĽ
ʲôʱֵģ
ַ嵭ʵ
ʱգأǽӦҲֻ֪ʱأӷӵĻУַ˽⵽Է˵ĺʱ֮أʱ֮ء
һ֮ȴ֮
˵˽ĺ
ϴںħԨʱճնɱħѪӡʵһսнѾ֪ʱ֮أңʱճӵСǧĺ
Ҳûһһʮ
ԭˡ
ַ˵ͷħѪӣȫ͵вϾħѪӿ൱۷һٽ
ǸʱַʩչʱճӣΪΣʵϣǱѾʱճӣַʱ֮ء
ΪʲôڲŶ֣
۲ܵҪһʱ䡣
Ϊʲô㣿
Ϊ̰İ̲̫ʱ䡣
ɣܺãǿ󣬶ҲʵΪʲôǷӣĲ̲̫ʱ䡣
ˣҲһȥ̽ǽϾǽǧ磬ΨһַгԹĽ
ˡ
ûźˣ
źȻûˡȻ̰ģûģǾҪø۵׼ǽٽҲһԡ
ַ˲ޱȡ
ս
û˿ԥַˡ
һ̣з·һֱ֮ǣǽ֮һģһҲࡣ
֮ЯַСǧ֮Ҫǽʩչ֮ҪǿࡣΪַСǧ֮ҲӵħѪӵƽ֮֮ϣศɣ˲䱩
䣡
֮ԼСǧ֮ݺݵײ˷ӡ
ӽֻһ֣һȦСǧ֮ߣַ֮ǺݺһײȻֻСǧ𶯰ˡ
ܹ˺ѶٽСǧ֮ǣҪƽ֮Ȼ޷˺ƷӵСǧ磬ֻ΢һ·ӵСǧ֮
ַһٽлҪǿٽַ嶼ûս֪ٽжôǿ
ڣ֪ˡ
ֶΣȻ޷ƿٽķսûκ壬ַʹʱճӣҲûκʤ㡣
ַʩչʱճӴʱʱȻ߳һַЩӰ
ңӰϤ
Ľ
ǰӰȻĽǸЩƽϵͷĽַĻôƽϣЩʱĲһλý
Ľ۾΢΢һУַ˵ͷ漴˷ӡ
ĽҪң
񽥽
㣬ǰ㡣ӣӦ֪ǣжô㽫ǽӣѵûҲǱ˵ӣ
˿˵ҲпӡΣʱ֮أʵǶİ
ʱ֮յȷģӣҲٽѵ֪Ҫʱ֮жѣ㣬򣿡
ǲİ
ĿһĽ֪Ľڣ޷ַ嶯ˣϾĽҲһٽ˿ѷҪս˭ʤһȻҲ֪ĽΪַƴǸܡ
ȥƴ
Ҳգıˡ㲻ģҲ޺ˡ
˵ֱ꣬ת뿪ˣռ䣬Ӱʧ
Χ˿ЩˣôӽЩͷβĪһλĽ뿪ˣ
ǲʵַҲеһЩء
ֺ̫̰ǡʵϣʱ֮أÿһλЩ˺ǣ֪޷򡣵Щ˾ͲģҪԼһһԡǽˣˣˡҲˣҲǣˣ²Ϊ뿪ˡ
ַˡ
Ӳģǽ֡Ϊַֻһٽӵɽʵû̫
ˣӲŶַ֡
֮뿪ҲΪĽĽ롣
ַøлĽ
ĽѵͲģ
ַЩʵ
ģܲģǿʱ֮ذİءΣҵȽҪǶȹԪ٣ʱհأܰȹԪ٣ôף㲻ͶȹŴμԪ٣Ϊǧˡˣʱ֮أͺãʵûʲô̫á٣Щ˵û̫á
ַЦˣĽǺǣûбͷԡ
ʵҲûбͷԣû棬նɱַΣһҲûʲôʧ
ԣ˭ɵ˭Ҳ޴ؼǸջܲƥ䡣
Ψһó׵ľǽˣýȴ³ַնɱ䣬ǲ޴
лĽԮ֣飬ǵã
ϷҪľ仰Ȼʱ֮أԼԪûʲôϷȴܿ㣬гһܶȹŴμԪ٣ΪǧϷɾ׬ˡ
ĽЦ
ַЦҡҡͷΪĽٽƽˣû뵽ǺǰһѴ֮ܵõһλ飬ǱǺܻġ
ĽʲôĿģַ嶼øлĽ
ಣ
ַûֱӴռ䣬ص˻
һΣʵ൱ΣգûĽַɾ׶༪ˡ˵ǧܰȫûַ֮ǰܶ궼ûҲûħ
ַһǧƺͲƽˣ½ħͽ
εҲַ壬ǧ磬ǿôƽԸǣֻʵǿˣңڣǣ


1622 Сǧ籾Դܲܽ裿
ַ巵˻µķ粨ȴɢš
նɱǽ
ⱾһشըԵ¼ǧжûƵˣǽ֮սĳ̶ȣ⻹ôĵһΡ
ӰȻǳ޴κһλ䣬Ӱ޴󡣺οһλ漰ǽںĽӣǸ˵ۡ
ǰЩ𻹲ַ֪ϵܣôһΣܶ˱Ȼˣǰַֹ֮һµĳƺţʱս
ƺſ˲ãǧΨһ
Ǵͷ¡ַȻԸôߵҲԸôͷֻǣȴ޷ơ
ص˻ַ൱ĵ͵뿪
֮УַҲ򵥷һڵľ档
ǧ翴ƽʵû㹻档һºַܾѾˣǰôһЩǶղûй̸ۣڣԹ̸ˣȻǾͻ֣ѱһ
ȻĽ棬Ҳнǡ٣ĽϿԿ󲿷ֽʵ൱ǡ
ʱ֮Σ޷ۼʩչһҲǶһ
һЩˣӣģźһЩʲô˼ַ鷳һ˿֮ġ
ؼڣַʵ̫ЩֵĴ̫СûгɹַҲκβǡ
򵥵˵ʵַ屻Сˡ
ҲΣնɱǽЩУôһķжأͲö֪ˡ
£ûĽ롱µķأ٣ӾΪĽĽ֣Ϊַնɱǽ֡
չ黹ʵˣҿʱ٣гСǧ籾ԴܹǰȹڶμԪ٣Ϊٽ
ַšոճΪʱ䣬ǧʱ䶼ûУȴѾıʱ٣ڶμԪˡ
ֱδšһλʱֶ̫ࣿ룬ϣʱԽԽãǲʱչθСǧ籾ԴӶܸ׵ĶȹԪ١
ˣʱܼ٣ܼܲ٣ʱٲǿԻøʱռСǧ籾Դ
ַһ뵽ʱٲ
ǰ磬ʵʱٲ˽Ҫʱٲ͵ʹʱвϵļ١
ڵСǧ磬Ҫάʱٲ϶һ׵¡٣һĽߴ󲿷ֽҪά֣Ǿ͵úķѴСǧ籾Դڽ˵ķСǧ籾Դάʱٲ̣ܶûʲôá
ַ岻ͬӵʱճӣҪٻ߼Сǧٶȣ̫ѡ뾡ȹԪ٣ʱ١
ǻû׼öȹԪ٣ǾͿԼСǧڵٶȣԻñʱ䣬ĻСǧ籾Դ
ˣַȹԪٵĸʾҪöˣϲʲô̫⡣ֻҪʱ䡣
ô˵ȵȹŴμԪ٣Ϊǧˣ
ַҲ·Щšмûгʲô⣬ȷȵȹŴμԪ٣ӶлΪǧ
ʱ仹˭ܿ϶мû⣿
䣬ַʱ֮رعǾ͸һЩȶء
ʵַҪǿʵ
ַһһעšңַ޷뿪һ׶ˡַֻܾȫȫʯ
ֻҪܹʯôаգüԪܿĳΪαΣԪĻǹˣСǧ統УӵһԪ˵ھżԪ
ַǧַӣһɳ졣ԼٶȣѾﵽ۷ľ硣
Ѿ޿ɽͲһŽʯˡ
˵ǰַ廹һĵģ˵ǳķôʱ䣬ͶôСǧ籾Դ᲻ĶԺȹԪӰ죿
ڣַԵСǧǧʱٲ֮Ѿ֮Ժˡ
ˣʱ䲻ԼСǧڵʱ䣬ԴݵչСǧ籾Դһֱ״̬ٶȼԪ١
һꡢꡢꡢ˰ꡭ
£תۼѾǧʱȥ൱һʱ䣬һΣַҲűչʱˡ
ԽԽ࣬䴫ǡʱս󣬾͸ˡĺôǽԽԽַ࣬չεСǧ籾ԴҲԽԽࡣ
ǧʱ䣬ַɽСǧ籾ԴͳͳͶ뵽˽ʯУܹһǧʱ䣬ƺûκζ˵ûɹļ
һǧꡢǧꡢǧꡢǧꡭ
ʱǧƣתۼ䣬ʱȥַ֪ΪʲôЩԸʯˡ
ȷ̫̫ˣʱ䣬ַȻԼܵһ˿ʯϢ
Уôȥǵʱ䣬ʯʱ٣Сǧ籾ԴҲøϡ
ַһķôʱˡ
ֻǣСǧ籾Դôã
ˣСǧ籾ԴǷǵһһռ˿ռܲܽ裿
ַԺкȻһ⡣


1623 ߽ٽѹ
Сǧ籾Դ
ĵĽһĿɿڴ˵Ǯ豦˶УΨû˵нСǧ籾Դġ
Сǧ籾ԴǷǳ⣬һȥջǿɾˡοСǧ籾Դǿǽǵĸ˭裿
㣬ôȥҾȥܸʵһ㡣
Ľҡҡͷַ廹쿪ȻŽСǧ籾Դʵ⡣
ҵȥֻǣĿǰĽǽѾնɱˡ
ַҡҡͷҲʵϡҪȥЩٽٽһȥǾȥ
Сǧ籾ԴϷ򲻽裡
ַ˵컨׹ĽСǧ籾ԴʲôЦСǧ籾ԴǸеĸԼӲַܹ壿
οַˣַʲô
û£Ľɲɡ
ַŵԺ˫ΣԺ£˭˵һַأ
˭Ҳ˵
Ϸ䲻Сǧ籾ԴȴԸָһ·ܿٵõСǧ籾Դ·
·ʲô·
ܼ򵥣װֻҪܹСǧ籾ԴҪĶСǧ籾Դֵ׾٣
ַԣεҡҡͷ
Сǧ绹ҪĶʲô
Ҫ֮ַԼȾˣύףˣְ취ӸϾвͨ
ϣʲôСǧ籾Դ󣿡
ַʵ
а
Ľ۾΢΢һе磬ʱ֮أ
ţ
ַɫһ漴̧ͷĿĶĽþû֮Ϣһӱ
ãַŻڵĽѹˣ
ԣѹܴ󣬴Ϸ򶼲ܾܾ
ĽҲûЦ˵
Ҿܾأ
ܾ㵱ȻԾֻܾǣԺӣҵӶùȻǧ磬Сǧ硣֪ģҪľռСǧ籾Դ˿ԣռЧʽۿ֣ۡɲǽô򵥡
ַ˵ͷĽٻٽ
ǣǡ߽ٽ
߽ٽ
ַĬʵҲǣĽٽĽǧô꣬Ҳһ㷴ûУֱˣⲻһλľٶ
ýϣԸǿĽҲ̫η塣߽ٽȴһ⡣
ʵһٵ٣ʲôһ߽٣ǾͲˣΪ߽ٽֻҪٶȹһԪ٣ǰ˽ٽ
˽ٽһ١ΪŽٽֻкܶݵһʱ䣬˵ûоŽٽ
ȹھŴμԪ٣ǸʱǾŽٽܿСǧͻɱǧ磬ճΪǧ
ˣŽٽпޣ˽ٽǿСǧˡ
Ҳ͵ˣ߽ٽ˽ٽһһǳصļ󲿷ֽ޷һ
һǾǰ˽ٽǧȥǾ·һֻһ·κ⡣
ˣ߽ٽͱЩ⣬Щ֪ԼܶȲȥͱķǳַ£ʲô¶пĳ
߽ٽû˭ҵġӵŻذĿֲȴƫƫгżѹÿʱÿ̶ڼ尾
һ뵽пϾͻҷǽҲ޷򶨡
ˣһ߽ٽġѹĽȻѹܴˡλص߽ٽûֱַ壬Ҳ˵ʵԶԶûеһٺܿ
ַȴܵв
һλ߽ٽȷǿǿҲֻ졣ַʱճӣֻҪߣǾû˭ס
ǧûַַ֮ýСǧǧ֮䣬ǿŹգɵסַĽ
Ƭ֮У˵߽ٽˣǧҪҵеĳλҲأܡ
ˣַʵ·˶ԲߣԴУǰհˣֻһ͵ˡ
û½Сǧ磬ٲǾֻܿԼ㣬ȡСǧ籾ԴЧʱؽۿۡ
ȹڶμԪ٣ôס
򲻵ѣַҲǧһУڹյС򲻵ѣ²Ϊ֮ʱַҲա
λ߽ٽ
ַʵ
ˣҲǣĽڻûеĵزַȻѯ


1624 ȡСǧԴ·
ǾǽʵǽҲûбȣȥˣǽ˶ãͻȵڰ˴μԪˡӦܲܶȹ˵ˣֻʶһʱ֮أϣܴлһЩ
ǽ˵ǳΪ߽ٽҲû߽ٽǰϲŭ޳⻹һλᣬ׵Ļ
ʣµĻĽѾûټ˵ˡ
ǽõ߽ٽǰθëҲַĴҪ֡¾ǽǽһ㣬ַ˵ǶǾ޴ջ
ֻǣǽͬ⽻ף
οǽַܴʱճУʲôʱһ߳ŭǾ鷳ˡ
Ľһؾǽ
ֱַ˵˵Ϊ˾ǽҲȥյ˰ˣַʱճӣֶΣܲμԪٶ޷ȹ
ǺģһֱȵǽȰ˴μԪʧܣǶַ˵ҲռƣʱȻܷǧˡ
ֻǣѣǽַ֣ҲͲȥյˡ
ƺַĴ㣬ĽҲΪΣҡҡͷ黹ûеֵز̫ġջǰΪСǧ籾Դɣ
ԣֻҪСǧ籾Դһж˵
ַ˵ͷھȱСǧ籾ԴʵϣһλȱСǧ籾Դ߽ٽ˽ٽҲȱСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾ԴѻãҪһСǧ籾ԴǾ͸ϼˡҪٵʮСǧ統УػһһεļԪ٣ôᣬջһ𣬲пܻһСǧ籾Դ
ֻǣһķѵʱ̫ЧҲߡʵҪСǧ籾Դֹôһְ취ְ취пһӻһ籾Դ
ַԣһæʵʲô취
һ֣ǧڣһЩյСһЩȼԪʧܣСǧûȫˣһЩСǧ籾ԴЩطһΣԣһЩ𣬶ȥðѰңõĻܵõһЩСǧ籾ԴõһСǧ籾Դ
ڶְ취ʵʹãһΣԡ
ַʵʲô취
ԽٵСǧ統С
ַüͷɻĿĽһٵСǧ磬̾ͻСǧıʵ̫̫ˣң٣Сǧûбǿ϶޴󶯵¼ԪǰմȾ˼ԪٵĽǿɾͺСǧļԪ١
ĽҲ˵ͷȻܽ٣ңǽͨսһ٣ǶߣѻһСǧ籾ԴΨСǧôһ˿˿ĻᣬСǧ籾Դ
Ϸ˵ĵڶְ취Ǿýֳһ꣬꽵ٵķʽ٣ȡСǧб䳹Ϊһ塣СǧڵĹϵ֮£Ѹٳɳ۷塣ûбԪ٣Ҫ뷽跨ҵСǧĽ˿ռ䡣ֻڽ˿ռУܻһСǧ籾Դ
ַһȷһ취
ˣСǧ統У˿ռ䡣ڽ˿ռУһСǧ籾Դ
ǾСǧıԴǸʱַѾǰ벽ڽѾڿʼݻСǧ磬һڽ˿ռʲôǰ˼Ԫ٣ַݻСǧ磬ͻʧܣǰ׻Ϊҽ
統ַûݻСǧ磬ǾܵõһСǧ籾Դˣ
Ȼûô򵥣ڽ˿ռ䣬óܽ˿ռĿֲѹǽͳܲס۷𶼳ܲס
ǽ꣬ǾͲһˡ
꣬չǲһܽ˿ռ䣬һܹסѹкܴһСǧ籾Դ
ǿһСǧ籾ԴǰͰ֪࣬꣬Ҫʱ䣬пܻ۵һСǧ籾Դ
ǽ˿ռ䣬ֻú̵ܶʱ䣬ܻһСǧ籾Դ
ַҲΣա
˿ռ䣬ޱȵΣաңҪ˿ռ䣬ҲءַҲǻԵɺϲܽ룬Сǧ磬ַҲܲܽ롣
ңܽ룬ҲΣգ˵ͻڽ˿ռΣգɻ
½һСֵ꣬ˣҲԪҪָ֪øô޴Ĵۡ
ˣܻȡСǧ籾ԴġݾۺϿ󲿷ְֽ취


1625 꽵٣
лĽָ㡣
ַԵĽʾŸлĽܵ˺ܴѹϾѹ߽ٽɲ˵ôɡ
ڸǸַһЩָ㣬ʵϣĽҲ֪˵ЩȡСǧ籾Դİ취ַһѡһְ취
ܾ͵óܾǽѹ
Ϸܿ㣬˵ʱսϾʱհǧҲûǱܴ󣬸ҪСĽ
ס
漴ַĽǣ漴뿪ĵ
ܿ죬ַͷ˻ڻķչ٣һɷ٣ַ֪һжάϵϣάϵλõĻϡ
һʲô⣬һоͶ᳹
֮£ҲΣǾǽλ߽ٽûʲôжеѹѾַе˽š
УܰճˣĻһԪһԪ֪೤ʱܶȹڶμԪ٣οԾǽˣô죿
ַ岻ȥľǽƷܽԼİΣƷ֮ϣǷǳ޴Һûаա
ԼİΣ޷ֺ֤οǴңڣ
ַϣõңڣɲͷͷڹ꣬ҪԴУѰҰ취
Ψһİ취Ǿʵ
ַȱľСǧ籾Դ
ֻǸ취ˡ
ַ˿֪ĽȡСǧ籾Դļְ취ʵϾΪָһ
ֻнһ;ֻ꽵٣п̵ʱ䣬Сǧ籾ԴһӻһСǧ籾Դ
ܻԥһϾһ꽵ٵСǧ磬ƣҲܴп䡣
ַ岻һʱ֮أ
ʱճڣַ彵ٵСǧƽᱻ޵ķŴ
ǣַ¶˾ģʼСǧ硣
һΣҪ࣬ȥЩټԪٵСǧ磬һСǧ磬ŻûоһμԪ٣ڵһԪСǧ硣
Сǧ磬ȻСǧ籾ԴôӴ󣬵һԪȴСǧոտʼʱһжûôơ
ô˿ռļʣҪЩѾ˼μԪٵСǧ硣
ַ岻ϵ㣬ķһʱ䣬Сǧ磬һЩСǧ磬ǿ
ǿСǧ磬ûоһμԪ٣Ҳǳǿ󡣵ȻܹСǧ籾Դǿ϶ǳԶһССǧıԴҪۺ
ֻǣһһ߲εСǧ磬Ҳǳǿַ˵߱һΣԡ
һЩȽͨСǧ磬һ٣ַͱȽϺò
ͬǾ߱Σԡ
ãַڶСǧ統УһһɸѡһȽƫСȽͨСǧ硣
Ͼǵһν٣ַҲȥˮܹעһͶһС
ѡСǧ磬ַ廹һЩҪţ˼Ԫ𣬼˵һµҪ뿪һʱ䣬ҪⱣܡ
Ҫ뿪೤ʱܻ
ַһ೤ʱ䣬ʱڣӦܸϻء
ꡭ
Ԫ˵ͷǧ磬ʱ䲢ƿ߱һιأꡣ
ҲҪһվɡ
ǡ
ַ˵꣬Ԫ͸뿪ˡ
漴ַصҵУҵаһҪע⣬λǽע⡣
ʱճӣ
ֱַٳʱճӣʱ֮ʱռϣӶĳ仯ĹϵĹ̺еռء
ৣ
ַһ̤ʱճ֮УӰ˲ʧ˿̣һЩйעĽҲûвκα仯
ʱ֮ǵĿռ֪ʱճӴռ䣬ǼϢκα仯
ַڶʱ֮裬Ѿǿܹʱճ֮дˡ
ˣ
һİյУһʱճӣƺƵĳ֣͵ĿһӰ
СǧǧˣȻ㣬ǳ㡣˵߽ٽǧҲ㵽ĳλ١
ַһ˿âյУַоڤڤеֿ̽ʧˡǧҲҲַ塣
ȻַҲ޷֪ǧڻ£Ҳбס
ಣ
ַּʱճӴ󣬺ܿʹһɢɫâСǧ總ңңСǧ磬۲˺ܳʱ䡣
գַ¶˾ġ
꽵٣ΣգһСǧ總˺Сǧ磬Сǧ籾ԴȻ꣡
Ҳַİ취ýСǧ總浽򲻵ѵĵزͻֱӳ֣Сǧ硣
Ͼǵһν٣ַ岻òȫ׼ûκΰգ꽵٣װʧһֵꡣ
ڽ˵ʧҲ൱ܵشټԪٵĻһμԪ٣Ҳͱȹ
׼Ҳˣٰɡ
ַţ漴ı۾Լ䣬۳һ͸ӰΪһ⣬͵ǰ治ԶɢɫâСǧ硣


1626 ̥ţ
䣡
Сǧ΢΢һ𣬾ַǽ˿ȴֻʣһ꣬뵽Сǧ統УȻҲСǧע⣬ȴԶԶûдﵽų⡱ĵز
ߣСǧ־ã꣬ûЯκͲСǧʲôвֻҪûвôСǧͲκηӦ
ڽˡ
ַСǧ磬һж˳͵ѡ塱ˣߡ
ַ꣬ǿжᣬҲ׾٣վƽʱҲûʲôӰ죬һл뵽˽˿ռ䣬ǸʱСǧ֡ӡ£ַӵŽ꣬Ҳᱻ
ˣ򲻵ѣַ岻ѡᡣ
ʵõİ취ǽ뼴ε̥֮УǸʱ̥ûгΣ͸˵ʲôʶˣַҲСʱǽ뵽˽˿ռ֮УҲκ⣬ôСǧ籾
̥
ַѾˣԶһ¾ôһ㣬СǧķӦ
ţ鵽ˣ
ַǰһȻСǧзӦַ廹ǵһʱ䣬ҵһλ̥ǣѸٻΪһ⣬û뵽һòŮڣ̥֮С
䣡
ʱһиָ󣬻֮С
ףһλպķħͳϽǳأǷԲﷶΧһָĶħ
˿̣ȴޱȵĽţΪӣȻˡҪ֪ǿŬǧʱ䣬һֱûܻС
ڴ˿̣ͻȻ֮䣬ܵһĨϢ׽ƺѪ֪һӻˣѪ
󣬶ڵƺԿֲٶȣѸٵţȻʼԼ
ϸղŵԼֹ־ϲͬʱһ˿ǡ
׸磬ôˣǼкˣôȴܵĵӣ
ҲħȻͨħ񣬵ħȻڸղһ̣һС
ӦǶħҪϺжôѡһЩǿħܹתϲת̥֮Уղŵҵǵĺת
ת׸磬Ƕķħ񣬶ңڻӵʼ͵ѪλħתʼѪУ
ԣҵˣô˵ҲʼѪ
׸ղǹңڱһ˷ܲѡ
ȻֻʼѪк۵һ֧ǻա͡¶˽ʼѪϵһ
ô˵ҲǻʵʼѪ˵ħˣЩħǿߣҪתһλʼѪУҲ
ʼתôһ˿ܣѹסһʼѪĿǰʼ磬ҲĴʼ棬ʼһпת
ˣ׺ܷˡһ뵽ղŵ˵ӶеӣǱѰ
ĺܲ򵥰ŸոճΣѾ֮ˣ˵̺ʼѪԶԶҵʼѪҪŨ˵ܴлΪħ񣡡
кܼʼĺԺ츳ʤ׵ĻҪǿ
ʼѪһֱΣ
Ҳ¶ЦݣҲĸε˵׸磬ǵĺӲŸոճΣ磬ܳԽħ񣬳Ϊħˣ
ҲûΪʼѪ׵Ѫһͬ죡
ҲЦԵúܿġ

ַѾ̥֮У̥εһɲǣͳ뵽̥֮Сʹţַ̥ศɣûκεĲס
ĳ˵ַƬСǧ
ףһĸе˼ʵӦһΡȻԱġšûκһ㲻߿־壬ԼڴҲãӶעб˳˵ĶţǿԲڣʵˡ
ַҲû׾ûбҪ
絢̫ʱ䣬ϾĿĿǽ˿ռ䣬ȡƬСǧСǧԴ
Ҫ˿ռ䣬ȵóΪƬСǧǿ֮һ̵Уǲ֪ö೤ʱ䡣
ַ̥ͱֵĺܲһţЩô󣬱ֵҲϰΪ
򵥵˵ַǴ̥Ϳʼ조šˣڿЧ
ֳ󶯾֮ܳʱһˡ
ַ˸һ˿âʼı


1627 ׵ĳˣ
׳ǣǳأΪ׳ΪħԺĴӪӪĹβơ
Բ׳Ƕٵĳǳأû֮һ
˿̣ӵɫȴЩء
׸磬ﻢӳȣǿǶǿħĽ֮أǿħһȣҲѣֻһӱѹħ𡣡
Щģһ顣
ɫأ˵ﻢȷ˳ȴΪ𣬶ΪһЩԭ˵һλǿħ񣬲֪ȵһλħоɣȻǰȥˡ˫˴սȻʤһҲĳЩط飬һЩħͳ˳Ѿ޸ҡҲ׷ɱӳȵħﻢҲֻǣ
ǡﻢǵĳԹǲݡһȣôһǧѷı᣿
ܵġ
֪ﻢһУʵ»ﻢ֮ĶԹﻢ֮޼ĺѣһʱ䡣
˵õһܹһλħΪ˷Ŀɳˡ
ﻢȳ֣͵ϮףҪǼΪСײΪʤﻢ
κε׻һ˿֮ģȻŹﻢֻǽﻢиˣ˭뵽ﻢһļȻҴﵽ˷ħ۷塣
գﻢһս״ˡҺãһλѣͬǶķħصظһٻﻢ
ûгնɱﻢչ
Ҳǵϣԥ̶ӴĹϵķ˾޴ĴۣﻢŪͨȸˣץȡ
ǳ׷ˣΪǽȵħ񣬻ûһܹġû뵽ξȻôıʣȶһЩ˻ӳˡ
׸磬òΪǵĺӡ
Ŷӡ
ҲӵĶӣԽԽĶӣҲ¶һ˿ᡣ
ԣΪǵĺӣҲȫ׼̾ʹϢҴ磬ҺͺҴˣﻢˣҲܽնɱ
һ˿â
ˣǵĺӣж೤ʱŻήѾڶʮһˡ
Щͷۡ
׶ħ񣬶׻ǷħǵĺӣѪʼѪȻͬһ㣬һЩѪʼᣬһҲʱ䣬Ƿǳˡ
أ
ȴʮһ꣬ȴһ㶼ûнļ
ģһħһԶͨħһħЩǿħǵѪᣬҲˡңĸڴʱԽǱԽ󡣡
˫۾âҲ¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ
׳ͳϽΧ֮ڣ֪ˣг꣬ѪһͬСɣע⡣
һЩǿħ񣬶жš
һЩķħ񣬶̽һ⣬̽鵽ϢŨҼÿʱÿ̶ǿ
һĿٶڳɳţֱǲ˼飬ͺڶһ
ԽԽڴˣ׳ǣΪ˻ʱ̫
˶뿴ܲһλħǷħ
ǿħᣬħ񣬵Ҳ˶ѣΪħҲú
ֱӾħֻλΰʼֱѪᣬܴﵽĳ̶ȡĴʼѪᣬһǿħǲĿֲ
ײʱӶССѾ˵Ļһ
ѾˣҲ̥һǶħʵҪΪħ񣬻ǲһЩͲһ㣬źܿͻơħ񣿲յ㣬ĸУ°빦κʥضҪõö࣬ƺڤڤܵƬСǧľˡ
ַԺͷ
ĸУͷ·һֱСǧˣΪСǧġǡһӦƬСǧ
ħǣ츳ǷǳҪģƵҪ츳ǿһ·ͨ裬ͱҪߡ
ЩʼѪᣬǿħ΢һ£ǶǿħԺɨһУ
츳
츳ԽǿԽܵСǧӰڵַ壬ɾ츳ǿġšܵСǧӰ
£ַûдڽڽħյ㣬ֻ㣬һǿħǵöô𺳣
ңҲʡȴʱ䣬һá
ţ
ȻַһӦ׳⣬һĲȻһţַ֪׵ĸӦˡ
ǿĺ⣬ѵ׵ĳˣﻢˣ
ַһﻢˣǿɲʲô¡


1628 ̥ͻƣ
þ˵ϢﻢߣƺһɺǿϢ֪ܲƴֵסǾ鷳ˡ
ַأֻúУʱԽԽãܵκδšٶ궼ôȥˣһֱƽû뵽ȴȻ鷳
ţٶ۲۲졣ܳΪķħ񣬲ôһ򲻵ѵ£ٳֲ١
ַҲ򶨡ĵסˣֻһ͵ôַļƻˡ
˿̣׳⣬Ӱͻأĳ֣ϵϢĺܽһϢûͷų
һˣĿ࣬ϻһֻ˶Ķǳ׺һԵЩСһ۵УɢϢ
׳ǣڵˣ
Ŷ׺ӣĶ׳ǡﻢȻˣҵһʱ׳ǣ뱨ѩޡ
ﻢԶҲǣΪϵǶμӣ׾ף׻ͽȣΪⱲӶ뿪ˣû뵽ȾȻᷢıʡ
ﻢѣһʱһ֮ҿ˵ˣû˵ǼҲݹҷ
Сӣɭɭ˵
ﻢһۺӣҲЦһİɣѾˣǼֻʹһ֣ʣһ룬ΪѪ׼ġһõǼϣͻƣΪǿħ񣡡
һ뵽Ϊǿħ񣬺ӵĿޱȵĻȡѾȷǼЧˡΪﻢʹһʣĶ
ʣһ㶥λħ˽ǷǳµġңǵһʹöЧȻõġ
㣬ϣûʹǼ
İɣһʹáǼ򣬵һЧãʵӦںǿƿʱʹã°빦ֻϧ׺Ҷ֪װ˷ǼЧ׾ʹãҲܳΪǿħȻš
ﻢҧ˵
֮ǰԼնɱסҵõ㱨ѩޣǸȡ衣
Ȼ
ãǾͽǰɡȺʱٶ֣һҪ̡
ٺ٣Ȼ̡Ѿôʱ䣬Ҳںһʱ䡣
ﻢҧгݣ׳ǣĿһ˿ɭɱ⡣

׸磬оۣҶĺӣһЩ
Щƣ˵Ҳħ񣬻̥꣬û˵ƣ·òš
оȫľ񣬶챻Сˣ˵Ҳ棬ÿÿÿܲסʱС·ͷųһɾĻָԪ
ҲǵĺڶѾһҪɱ䣡
Ƿħ񣬼ʶͬһ㡣ĸܵӶڵϢƺһʮʮ
ͷ·ħͻ˾һңӶɢϢ׶е𾪡ӶħͻƳΪħƺûйôŨϢ
ˣ׸磬ûﻢټ
ҲҡҡͷûﻢټͲȵͨô
ǵСһ㡣
İɣѾ׼˺Ҵ磬źܿͻᵽˡ
׼΢˿漴ʹڴڵĴϢоÿʱỵ̈ڵ·ʧǳƣ
ڳΪħˣ棬û棬ר塢ѪȻôǿ󣿷ħ񣬾Ѿһˡ治֪ʼ棬жôǿѪ
ĸڣַ΢΢ͣǰãͻˣһĸͻƣΪСǧķħ
ڷħҪĸ壬ֻħΪȻԶԶҲ͵ĸԪأַÿһʱ䣬һЩԪĸָĸͳܲסˣɶ
ˣַɾԶԶħ񣬽ֻǿʼ
ţﻢİ֣жˣ
ַʱ̶עﻢûзַ֣ȴӦﻢһһ
ﻢ׳ݷһʱ䣬ݷǱصʮֳɹҲСĽû뿪ۡ
գﻢȴ뿪˸ۡǺһ𣬾˵ȥӭӡҴ硱
ﻢҪˣøһѣҾ͵ǰˣǿɲ㡣
ַ岻ǰǾ͵취
ţˣ
ַһ뵽һ취ıˡĸ


1629 ޴Σ
ַȻǡħ񡱣Ŀǰĸ֮ڣǸ̥ܡ׷򸾣ǿɾͲˣᱻײ³ַתġ
Ҫ֪Ҳǿħתģַɲ뱻ΪǶתǾƻļƻ
ַļƻǳСǧ磬С
һǣȥӭӡħ񡱣ǵġ硱ܱƽģεĺѡ
Ҵôûе
ƺЩż
żҴ쵽ˡ
׷Ѿ뿪׳ǣڳȺʾǶںҴӣϾħǰǲٵæһٻħͼҴҵĸǵĹϵжôС
֪ΪʲôܸоЩ꣬ƺʲô˳ġ
ৣ
Ȼһɱ⣬·ĵ˸еս
˭
͵۾ķ
ɱ⣬ֲɱʵ̫ǿˣ½ֻһţȴѾӸеļ¡ˣǵһʱ˷̬
Ӧûᾯˣֱӻسǡ
ַĸڣǼ¶һ˿Цݡֱѡĸְ취Ҳܼӵѡ
ɱ⣬ǾͱЩ̫ƽַţġĸ޴ֵܷƣȡᡣ
׸磬ɱ⣬ղо𣿡
оˡ
ҽһֱоͷû뵽ڰУɱһţǶӦˣ׼ɣسǣ
ݸղǹɱ⣬ʵֲ̫ˡôֲɱˣҲǷħ񣬵ħ񣬻ƲסԼɱ⣿
׸磬Ϊʲôԭ򣬵˶ɱ⣬˵ﻢǲòǸϽسǣ֪ͨҴ磬źҴһǡ
׳һҲ֪ȱʣ˵ز˾ȻɻܸоЩ̫Ծǽ׼سǡ
ʱڳڵﻢһħԭҪ׼øӳһЩѰҺûһٳ֣䲻⣬ס
û뵽ײ֪ʲôԭ򣬾ȻҪسˣﻢס
ﻢ֪ڰаף׸Ӧɱ⣬׼سǡʱﻢȻԸټȥˡ
ְɣû׼֣ս˵ʵҲ㹻նɱˣ
ﻢ˵
ħɫҲ֪ʲôʡǷǳ׵ˣʵǿһЩҲɷǳСĽ׼Ѱһ͵Ϯһס
ڿƺһЩʣﻢȴԸټȥˡ
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뵽ħ˵ͷҧ˵ʲôƻֻҪǵٶȹ죬ҲܴĿġ
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һһε˲ס˷Բ׳ǣҲС
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׳ǣĵġ׳ǣ׵ϳܹס׳ߣ׶һЩϵ
ڿλķħףһĶֻǣȶħ֮սǶħҲΪ
ͨħħ֮䣬ʵ̫̫󣬼ֱϵĲ࣬ȫᲢۡ
ףɻǵң
λķħ񱬷ɱ⣬ȻҲ˵ӰĿ⣬ûעħ񣬶ĶеһħӰ
ﻢ㣬㻹ĸ
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һΣ鷳ˡοﻢа֣ħϢ׸ǿ
Ϊβף׳ңڣ֪ȹķһжǰͣҺ޲ܽʬΣңξҲͷ֮ޣ
ﻢҧгݣǺ޼ס
²ٶ˵ﻢȵͨˣ㻹Ͻߣȴö֮ҵǰһȵ׷һˡ
Σɱ㣬̾Զʼ½ʱ򣬾ȵҲҲҡٺ٣֪ʱ䣬ֺγʱ䣿úô
ﻢһת˺ħ
ٺ٣ոպãת𣡡
ħǶ󷨴ʦҪ볹һݣһʧնɱλķħûôס
ú˾תǾͲһˣʱоųɰգףնɱ
ʲôתǾתħ񡭡
״ʧɫһ̣о˾޴Σ·ӰѾϡ


1630 Ҵˣ
תħһ֣׶Ǵʧɫ
֣ľһҾ徵¾¼һλаħΪһ֮˽¾飬аķħ֮һ
תħȴܻڣǿľһֵĲ÷ֶΡתһãϷħͻᱻУϵʵ󳹵䡣
Ǵ繥úķѺܳʱ䡣
þתħݲãǿħ񣬶סһ
ٺ٣еʶȻ֪䣬ЩʵʵĽɡ
۵ľתħɭɭ˵
ʲôתħҺԩ޳ΪҪﻢԸ׳ǣ
ܼ򵥣õ˲õõĶɡ
ﻢЦһףòˡѾǼ˾תħΪҲ˵ûУʹˣ㵽ûʹãѵһ
׿ﻢҧгݡһõԵҲܣֻﻢԼ֪
ﻢΪĹ׷Ŀɳһֱڡ׿ﻢԼתħһ
Ǻڣڵû뷽跨ﻢײĻн֮Ȼתħˣǿڵľˡ
׺ｻȥҲһ
һƴԹתֻҪлᣬӳȥסǧҪ£Ķﻹǵĺӡ
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涣ٵĴжôΣգвп䡣תǿպգһħܹƿġ
лᣬһлᡣˣҴڸҪǺҴˣӦþһˡ
һһΡ
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䣡
ޱߵĻ棬·һСʼ桰͡ƿһл棬ԷپһУʲôʲô
Ȼ׵ĻԶԶûдﵽһˣΪʼѪᣬһ˿˿ʼѪܣҲǾ춯أԶһķħ

ƺնգҿֲĻ棬޼ɵתУͼתƻ½ֻƿһӣ㹻ӳȥˡ
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׵Ļ棬Ҳֻ𵴷ȴ޷ƻ
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ңоתѹƣ׾͸ûʲôˡ
ֻҲ֧ŵסҲʱ䣬ȴźħĵ֪ҲΨһĻᣡ
ֻǣתħȴᡣķΪתҲԭģΪԴ߶ɡתһתһת
ÿһתתͻɱʮٱпܣһھת֮У񶼻ûλħܹӳ
һת
תħʼˣĻ󣬲žת󣬿ʼһתˡŴʼ仯һΣյϢڴ֮С
׸оһȻɱ·˷յУÿʱÿ̶ɢ̼ףÿʱÿ̶ñ֤۷״̬впܱش
أ
תһת󣬾ͷ·һشݺݵĴ׵ϡ׻£ŨĻ档
۵ľ޴һһ·޾ԴԴϣ׵ϡһΡΡΡ
ʮι׾֧Ųסˡ
֧ŲסˣɽֻǵһתڵһתУеȵֶûʩչܿסеڶתתͿס
תħص׵ĶСʵҲﻢǣƣ͸ˡ

ҾڸղţﻢֱӴһץױתѹơǣƵʱֱӳ׵һֱۡ
ʱѪ죬ޱȵҡ
Ȼֻһֱ۶ѣ׺ܿܳԪȴôͻָʵܵӰ죬ôֵܼʱ͸ˡ
ף˶ãҲͲôĥˣƫƫõ˶ңأ㻹䵽ҵУ
ﻢ񣬾޴ħ͵ץסףݺݵĳŵһҡÿһΣƬأƺ׳Ҳܵ˲ͨ顢ħ񣬶˲١
ȿȡ
۾Ѫ죬ܵشǼȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ﻢɱң
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ʱԶһ⣬ٶ֮죬ֱ˼ֱӺݺݵײ˾ת֮ϡ
Ҵ磬ˣ
ɫ԰ףȴЦôʱ䣬վûа׷ѹ򣬺ħվǸˣ


1631 Ե
ֵܣеãǷģ̾;ǳ
ħͷ˫ǣһͷţͷħ֮ҺʵɲǿˣпڶʱڿǿħС
˺ħʹǼ˺ħĽ졣ħΪѣﻢתħף
Բѣõķһţͷħƿģ
תħɭɭصյУȻûϵħβһֱϽ¾Ϊħдһ˿ϣ
ھתħҪеϣʱȻܵõǼˡ
𡭡
ħʼʩչħһͷ޴ţͷ֣ڣ·ߴͷϵţǣݺžתһ
䣡
תҵ𵴣תħɫһ·𲻸Ƶģľת󣬾Ȼ˼Ѻۡ
ǿħ񣬶̤ħˡ
תħЩľõĴԼǶķħ񣬾Ǵ棬Ҳƻ
ħȴ˺Ѵ֤ħǶħô򵥣ǿҪͻƳΪħˡ
ħǾתħ񶼵ôʮֵעתħԲĶħӲӲǷǳСĽƴƴԲԼȥЦ
ΪǼתħҲòƴˡ
ħ㲻ҪħҲ
תħһҧһʱĴѸ֮ͣǰһЩҲѸٵĻֱָӽħҲ˴֮С
ಣ
ħҲܾ뵽˴֮УΪѾħЩҪ֧Ųסˣء

ħһӷɵ׵ߣֶﻢһġ
أ
ﻢػĶźħ񣬲ħһ㶼ûôǿ㡭
ﻢͲ֪ħĽжô죬Ϊϴεʵ࣬ڣħȴѾȫȫ֮ˡ
תħڸʲôֹħ񡭡
ﻢֱŭӣǸղźħһܵشˡ

תħͲﻢĽкأʼ߶Ŵ
ڶת
žתħ߶ڶתʱһɹɵ硣·ܹݻһУ֮һжΪҽ

׼æӻߣˣҲǶķħ񣬶ӲŽֻͨħˣִ֮£ûжĵֿ֮
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ħأʵǿһķħͲСתħǿסǿħĴڣˣǺħҲǳ
ħı񱩵ЩͳͳΣȫûʲôļɣݻһС
ת
תħһ˿̲ݴƺҲһЩǿ
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Ҫ֪ǾתħҲֻ֧ŵת
ת󣬾תħ޷߶ûʵ
ֻгΪǿħ֮󣬲ܴ߶תԺĴתһٽ㣬תħ񣬾ǿŵתסһλǿħ񣬴Ӷλǿħӳ죬һٳɾ˾תټ
ˣڵĵתҲѾǳֲˡ
εĽֱ֮޿ײ룬úħ񴦴ָţоܲľųڶԸźħ񡣵ֻʣµһ㣬ȴҲ׺Ӻܡ
ԴѹƣԽԽΣȥ»Σա
ת
ŵת٣Ƹӿֲ

һΣħȻˣ·˷ĵӰΣȴ޴󡣶ڴ֮Уȴûģ޾ԴԴϡ
Уת̫ǿתһǿ֧תҶҪΣСңתѾ֧Ųסˡ
ħһףʵ֧Ųסˡ
еĹֱ޾ûвǺħڷġչˡ׺µת˾Σˡ
׸磬֧ŲסˣԲûǵĺ˳Ҵ磬㣬ΣҪס׸ĺӡ
ɫ԰ףħ֮ѾˣϢҲѸٵţȻѾܵش

׷ŭţϵʼѪǲҪƵģ߶ͼΪһƬ𺣣ƴ
ֻǣôȴ޷ֵסĹ
ϵϢԽԽѾǻıԵ
磬Ҵ硭
ĽЩЪ˹
ֻϧħҲƴķ񹥻󣬵ȴûƿ


1632 ǰ
ô죿
ֻֽĿϵϢѸٵļһϢʧҲˡ
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ħĺžתһһΣĺھҵţ·ʱѡ
ÿһΣȴѸٵĻָȻתħŴʹԺħҲ޷ݻ١ʱƣħ񶼻Σա
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ﻢǶʮ㣬ޣֱҪֵܵƣΪȻҲûе䣬ʵҪӵǿһЩ
״ûںޣôںԼûƴУܹΪǿħһֻĿȥȴûκΰ취
˿̣ĸڵַ壬ȴüͷһֱĸ嵱УһĶǱޣϣܹڽǰֱͻƵǿħΡ
ֻǳġš֮Ժ˿ռкܴĺô
ֻϧ׻Ǻħƺֹתħˡ
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ÿֲʲôеôֲУ
˭ҸܵһȫµϢƺ󡣡
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ħȻҲܵѹֵϢ˵ĺһЩ֮Ѿʱ䣬ûܽ
ԭħҲ̫⣬ϾħѪһЩģҲл꣬ĶС
û뵽Ȼ졣
ǣǹϢɢԴͷȻϣ˵Ķڡ
ֻϧĲʱ򣬾תħĴҲơ
ħҡͷ
׵ѪһǱѰʼѪ쳣ŨպɾͲǳΪǿħҲǲܡ
ʱȴ뻢ڣһͻᱻתħնɱ赲
ʱ
תħﻢʱҲҵǹİϢԴͷȻӵĶ֮С
׵ĺӣ
׵ĺӹ治ͬ죬˵ʼ͵ѪڿӦģֻʼѪ˵졣
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ﻢǷĴЦ
䣡
һ̣һȫµϢ͵ıͬͻһ㣬Ȼ䱬˲ϯ˷
ţһӤģӰبյС
ַ壬ˣ


1633 ǸճӤ
䣡
ƺ󷨶𶯣һװ֣ӤģӤվյУһֱ۾
ˣ
׵ڲǿĺӣŮ֪
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ʱħֹͣڹ󣬶ߣŻסȴĶеǵӰ
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Ҵ磬Ⱦҵĺӡ
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Ǿתħ񣬻ﻢħħȵȣֻҪˡӤеǵ⣬оһ
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תħһǳֻ֣ϧˢžת˲ͽƣͬʱֱֲɢ˾תħġơ

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ַ·ͣһת۵Ĺ򣬾ײһȦ
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·һӾͿԽʱ䣬ַڷţһȦһȦֻҪܹܵסʱռ٣ôͿһֱȥ
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1634 Ҷӣ
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ڳԣ㸸׶ϷɱոսСƨҲҶϷԴɱ
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⡭Դ֮𰡣ֻΰʼͣʩչԴ֮𰡡ˣѪһʼѪţΰʼѪᣬЩѪĺᣬܼԴ֮Դ֮ǺƺƵĽɫڰɫ棬Ҫһ㣬ҲʼѪܼĻ档
׺ܼܲǿԴ֮Դ֮𡣷Ѫħ޲ԼʼѪʩչԴ֮Ժ
ңԴ֮Ҳ¼ǿĻ棬ųƷپһУʲôʲôԴ֮ǰͳͳֽġ
ֻʼѪ֮⡣
ף˶ķħҲûʼѪԴ֮Ǻʵ޹أֻѪŨйء
ȻַʼѪŨȣѾﵽ˺ŵĵز£ʼ͵ֱϵһѪˡ
棬Դ֮ô
ַ徲ĸϵĻ档ûжʱչΪûбҪʱչһУй֮ϣ˵СǧˣǧҲκӰ졣
һתħֻǷħ൱һ۷õʱչԸַĸʱʵѾע⵽ˣһǱصѪ
ǱصѪصĺѪŨܵܵǽĸȻѪ˷˼ĵز
СǧϵǳѪħƴĲǹ󣬶Ѫ
ֻҪѪǿôƾ򷨣ѪĴʼѪΪ𡣵ַ彫ѪŨߵĵزʱѪȻȻ͸ֳˡ
ֱѪĴм䣬ˣַҲ֪˹ʼѪԴ֮һСոĻ棬ʵԶԶ㲻Դ֮𣬽ֻһ˿ϣΪԴ֮ˡ
ˣĻ棬ʹһǿħҪݱܷâοתħ
ƣ
ַս˫ȭԴۣ֮һ׼˾תħݺһȭ¡
¡
Դ֮֮£νĵת󣬾ֽͬһ˲顣תħ񣬸ǲҽһԴֱ֮ӰסգۼͻΪ˻ҽ
ͣ
ַָһﻢ۾һԴ֮ڣҲﻢճ˻ҽ
һжڵʯɣΧһָֻƽ
⡭Ҷӣ
ĿɿڴĿһУľתħ񣬾Ȼ˲Ϣͻҷ𡣺ĳﻢȻһƻ֮¡
ֱڣƺЩǰһĻ


1635 ֮磡
ȫûѹƣȫСǧıֻϧûеǿħٽ
ַƺûתħﻢûпһֻ̧ۣͷ
оˣղŵԴ֮ƺͨڤڤеĳռ䣬ͨĳˣž߱ǿ
磬ѪһУѪУĳ̶ֳϣСǧǹľֻȻԴ֮𣬴ߵĻСǧǿĹ֮һ޾ƻ
ֻϧַ廹ûԴ֮𣬽ֻǱԴܸ֮оڻǲôһ㡣ΪǰûǿħݽĻܵƬġӰڤڤУн°빦
ǡ츳ӰΪǿħ۷ڣҲ׾١ֻϧһжﻢתħƻˡ
ַȻźҲ֪һжҪʮȫʮǺѵġȻѾǰǾҪ׼ˡ
ڣ͵һʵ⣬Ǿ׷򸾡׷򸾴ģܴĸ˵׷򸾶ַĸĸһĸĸôַ͵ǡ
ৣ
ַĿ׷򸾣ܿĳ˶ܽšڵַ壬һ۵ģڸղţȴ赭дնɱ˾תħﻢ׷򸾸еһ˿ϲͬʱһ˿ǡ
סĸףܾˣ
ַ˹ȥֱӿڡ
׷򸾶۾ƺܾȣֲ֪˵Щʲôƾ˭ֱһӤգۼ͡ˡ鶼ܸӡ
㡭ǵĺӣ
׻Щȷ
ԣסĸףҵЩӡĸʱʵѾ٣ܹӦ緢¡ҵԺеõѪУǣҾĸڼʱ׺ĸΣգҲֻǰ
ַ򵥵ĽһһиɻɣѪУ
ʼѪдеģѪŨͺŨһõСʼѪУôмһ˳ˡ
Ӷַ죬ƺҲǲܵ¡
ҿĺӡ
ĸѾ˲ˣֱǰסַ塣ûбַ壬ַǰ
ǰַлǿħʵǸʱַɾһλǿħǳΪ۷ǿħҲʱ⡣
Ҳܾϲ´ַ壬ܹܵѪһ˿׽ϢĶӣӹɣ
֣
׳һʵ
ûУ븸״֡
һ˵ǿǰžҺĸ׵ⶼڤڤеˣˣԺͽ˰ɡ
л״ԺҾˣ
ַֿ¶ЦݣЦݣʵϣַҲΪΣƽ׶λס
꽵ٱҪ£˸ĸͶ˸ĸɡַǶӵǾ͵óе󣬽׷򸾶ǧ磬ĳ˵׷򸾵ȷַĸĸʵĸĸ
ϵܣϲϲùӰʼѪѪŨ֮ߣǺúΪǿħҲǲܡԺҿɶ˶ˡ
ħҲЦǷ׸ˡôһλŵĶӣһǶķħ񣬶һʼѪŨȼߡ
ĺ£֪ǿħοħ
ַոսնɱﻢתħǸǿֲҪ֪ﻢҲˣħնɱ
תħǿǶķħڷħ޵У
ħ񶼲ֻ֣ǵת󣬺ħЩ֧Ųסˡ޵еľתħȴڡˡǰһжûг£ͱˡѪûճ˻ҽ
һǿ󣬽ǵУ
ˣﻢһЩ
ħһУһƣĿһЩӵƣЩ
йѺħС֤ﻢȵպˣƾƣܻһЩô
׿˿ƣҲ֪ħЩӳȵħ񣬷ǳŭ˾޴͡
ץնɱЩӷߣǶܻþ޴ĺô
ﻢﻢ㴦ĻһӣԸҡ˭뵽׵ĶУ⣬Ⱑ
緢ޱȵĸˡԼﻢĶ֣ҲԸﻢȴնɱﻢҲǳˡ
ǣ׷򸾣ַͺħ񣬷׳ǡ֪Ϣסⳡսħ񶼿ˡ
ӽ֮󣬡ˡ֣¾ͻᴫʼˡ


1636 ߲ƣ
׳ǣ׳ǣ˶̸ų׵Ķˡ
˶ۡĿáˣ˸ոսһնɱ˾תħﻢλħ
ֱ񻰺ʹ档
ǿħǵѪᣬҲû˵ôŵ¡ȻҲֱǷħ񣬵ҲԶԶû˵ôġ
ϢҲħɢɢʼ½ΧɢƬʼ磬˾֪
׳ǳۡһҵС
ħϯضأƽʱչеĵطǳء
ʱ䣬һֱ⣬ܸˡңϵЦȴ
Ҵ磬ʵ˵ûиоԾ˵ġ
ħһף漴ҡҡͷϵܣЩѵúͿ
ѪҲǲ֪ѪУһӳңѪУУսܲһϵս飬ƺƵֱԴ֮ѹֶսƿأԲһ츳ӵеġһɣ˶ıˣ
ء
ᣬתᣬ²ûзתǶᣬôߵûô
ǣַչֳʵ𾪡
ǿħתᣬΣ˵ʵǿħҲҪָʵˣûбҪǡο֪Σҿ˵ӣǳǵ飬ϾѪ
ħѣʵϣַǰֱ֣ͲΪַνš
ŵȷУֱӽǿħĶУʼĵϵᡣ
ս飬սƿأԼȴַ岢ţпתǿߡкܴǿħ
ʼ棿λʼҪתᡣ
Щ۷ǿħ񣬵ȷпܡַһλǿħתᣬ˵ûκ塣
ڵַ壬ѾܹԸˣοתһĶ᲻һüһתΪתûγκʶᡱʵͺѪûκ
Ψһ𣬻顣ϾתߣӵԼļ䡣ô˵жǣ֮ԶҲ˹ϵ
ĿǰҲֻˣοǰǡҴһ£λǿħˣ֪ݡ
ãҲһ׮Ը
ħ˵ͷʵ׵顣ô꣬˹ѪȻֺ죬̫ˣʴӡ
ǣַ廹кܴתǿħ񣬴ϣ׾һЩִľѳۣѾˣҲıһУǾֻĬĬĽܡ
ңʵ׻һЩϣַ岻תħ񣬾΢΢Ǳһϣ

һ䷿䣬ַ΢΢۾ʵϣ׳ǶַĸӦ֮Уκϸ΢ı仯ӲĸӦ
ǾϵƣȻֻһֵ꣬ȴǻʵ߸ϵĽһǳأʲô
ţ
ַƺӦʲô¶һ˿ɫ
˼𣿵ȷ̫Сħˡ
ַ䣬Ȼ֪ħн̸ݣû뵽ַΪأȴô
ֻǣַڵʵ֪ˣҲûκΰ취
ַ岻ЩС£ʵڣ׷ҲãûзҲգʵַ˵ûκεӰ졣
ҪʵͻƵǿħľ硣ֻгΪǿħַܽӴƬĸ߲㡢ġ
ĻַѰҽ˿ռ䶼֪ѰңǽȴҲȫ֪ȫܣǽ˿ռ䣬ǡѰҡһܹҵġ
ֻǣ׳ǣַѾҲĿˣѪϵ׳ǿûʲôַѪǿİ취
ַ׼ǲҪ뿪׳ʱȻ׳˼ǿϢһĶǷħ۷Ϣ
ಣ
ַӰһɳ׳ǡסħ˶ɳ˳⣬ַЩӣܿͻָƽ
˶Щȵħ񡣡
׻ַܵ
ȣ
ַǰһ֪ȵĹħһλǿħ񣬶ǿħУ൱ǿĴڡ
Ǹģ
ӦΪﻢ
ַȵļλħЩ˵ϣӦһ˿ĵ⣬¶ԷɲֻΪﻢ
Щˣ߲ư


1637 ˣ
λħ񣿡
Ƿħ
һˣǶķħ񣬶Ҵߣݡ
ϵϢɷԲһķħ񣬶רɱ¾ħ²֪մȾ˶Ѫ
ﻢϵƣλ뿴
׹λħʾﻢƣǶȵơ
Ȼһ˵ͷﻢơ
˵ֱ꣬һ֣ﻢƾѾΪ촷ۣʧյСһ£׻Ǻħɫ͵һλʲô˼ﻢͨħǽնɱӦõȵ͡
ͣ
ߵħЦһλôҲöħѵ֪ʲôطȹѺħλʮߣǱѺħͳͳħ˸ȤһЩ֮ħ񣬹ħо
һΣħ˽ˣ׳ǵħ죬ǳоֵǽħȡҲ󶯸ɸ꣬ԣ׳ǻ𣬲벨ˣħ񣬻Ǹһ˰ɡ
ħһ䣬ħɫ͵һ䡣ǰʲôطʵħΪ˹ԼУõľ޴
Ǳץȥģʮ⣬ֻΪħȤħһаˡ
Ȼַı֣ħע⡣񣬸ǲߴ󶥼ħҪַץȡ
ˢˢˢ
£ߴ󶥼ħ񣬾ͽַ塢סħΧУԼγһ󷨣֮γһŴεĽַС
һַ֪ǱȾתħҪתħˣǾҪ򱬡
ƺһ֡ζҲѹħоԼ꣬ͳͳѹ
ӦþǡħֶΣԴΪȡô꣬ǿħ񶼱ѹ
Ǵ󵨣Ѫɸҷ
׾ŭӣûôԴǿħ׷ǿħôҲѪǿʼѪһ
ȴȵסȻܲޡ
ѪħҲѪʼ½Ѫ֪ж٣ͬɳһ㣬飬⣿
岻ңѵ˶Ǹսӵжħʵ
ǺǣֻǴŰˡ岻Ϊһ㴫ţΪᡣҲð׷˼ˣħµΥ
ߴ󶥼ħ񣬶ϡŹֵߣɢаɱ¾ϢΧм䡣һֱ첻µزµĺħҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˣħȻһ˿նûУԶȵԾתħʱҪΣա
ħɣ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼˣȴ˵Ļشӣ̾ͻɱ֣׳ǶᱻΪƽء
ħ񣬸߸ϣǿħ˲ӣҪĨһ׳ʲô
ħǿȣѺôǿħһֱ
ħڸһᣬϽȣħҺܿͻȥȣλǿħķǲͬ˵еǰǿ󣿡
˸ֶһħģȴ˵̲ⷬסҪЦߴ󶥼ħȴЦ
ħߣɱ⣡
ߴ󶥼ħˣһ־һ֡ħҲ͵Ĵһ޴ħ·أҪֵסߴħĽ

ֻһ˲ħͳŲסˡħֱ˺ѣƺƵַϯ
޵һǿħһҲԲ޶ԡ
ַȴҡҡͷ
Դ֮𣡡
䣡
һַ̣ħֶƬյУ·ڤڤ֮еĳռ䣬һƵĻ棬ɫĻַ·һ˿ɫ֡
ַ䣬ߴ󶥼ħ񣬾ͬһ˺ǿǿڷħУѾǼˡ
ֻϧһѪ磬ѪΪ
˿ַѪǾѪʼѪŨȷǳľʼѪֱϵᡣ
ôսĽ֣һʼѾע
Դ֮ô᣿
Դ֮𰡣ܡ
ӣӡ
Դ֮һǾ޵У˵ħˣǿħҪݱܷâַ屬ѪʩչԴ֮ߴ󶥼ħһĶޱȣ׷׶ӡ
ֻǣԴ֮ǰҲһ
̶һ˲ߴ󶥼ħһ˿ֿ֮ûУѾԴ֮ճ˻ҽ


1638 ͻƣ
ˣߴ󶥼ħôˣϢˡһΣħ񣬶Ŀַ壬Զһնɱתħӵ𺳡
ȵħ񰡡
ˣ
˿֪ͷˡȴַ壬ûַ壬ˡ
ֻҪħŵˣǾûһܹѡ
ˣЩ̫ãħסˣû˭ܹѣ㻹ǸϽ뿪׳ǰɣȥһԡ½ĵĵطѪħյĹޡܹչʾ츳ʽս嵱УǾͲħˡ
׼æַ˵ĶַвɣʱȴԸַ¡
ף彫¼ȥжܣ

Ҳ̫ʼѪ壬ʼ桰͡򡣶Ѫ˵ʵ൱ϡ١
ַܲܽ¼ȥҲûаա
ףʵһЩܹΪǿħҡ
ַĻ׳Ĭ˭֪ʵԽǿԽãʱڣַγΪǿħ
˶㡭
ף֪ڵħ񡣲õģħңҲȥħħ꣬ҪĶܷΪǿħ񣬾ͿħĻˣ
۾·𲻸ַ˵
ħַͺˣַȻȥħǿǶħ񰡣
ףȥˡ
ַѾ˾Ѿǰټ׳ǣҲûʲôáɲСǧ˷̫ʱ䡣
ôսپΪǿħҵ˿ռ䣬ַĿǰ¡
ಣ
ַӰһѾΪһ⣬ʧټ
ħ֪ΪΣȻַתħ񣬵浱ַ뿪ˣȴֿʧС

ȣ
ַѾΧԶȥΧͷ·һ޴һʵϣҲȷһ޴
ֻҪȣͻϱٳˡ
ǿħ񣬾жǿ
ַһ˿âѪΪСǧ磬Ҫʵһ£ڵѪѸٵ
ַһֱڡڵʼѪϣܹһ뵽ǿħС֣ƺû̫á
ΪҪʱ䣬Ҫʱ䡣ַܹʱ٣ʱ֮Ҳƾʱ٣ַڱǶħҪʱУǾ͵ҪӴ

׳ǿ϶ûôӴۣȵħǡõôȾͳַĿˡ
ڣַ忴ȣҲȷûʧ
ֱ޾֪ħ񾿾ѺЩħоʲôʣȻӴ
ڣЩñַˡ
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ڣһֺĹ֮УӴħ͵۾
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ħоŭѣѾǵڶǿдˣһһλǿħ񣬽ֻǱһ㣬ȣѺħ˳ȥ
ħò׽⣬ǵڶΡ
˭
ħޱȷŭӰֱȱ˺ѵĵطһħģۣϵϢҲŽֻǷħ
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ħüͷЩԾԽǹԽСĽ
ǺˣħǸողôھͲ֪ˣ
ħһ漴ǸΪħ񣿡

ַ󷽵ĳˣħ뵽˺ܶࡣ
߸ѾʰˡңȻ˺ѱȣǱ̫Сˡֻǣǧ򲻸ãֱӵȵУǿħ񣬵УҲ·һ
ħ鶼Щˡ
ʲôʱħǿħ񣬻ᱻһħУǿħħɱ
Ŷҵã
ַǼ佥¶һ˿Цݡ
ͻƣ٣
һ̣һصĹַϣͬʱڣ޾·𶼱ַַڡ
ַȻħǰʼʱ٣ʼУħڻ۵Ѫʼǿħ񾳽磡

ħȻŭ̣
ǣһ̣ħȵնڱΣΪһ޴


1639 ʱնᣡ
޴
Ⱦһ˭Ҳ֪ȳһ⣬һһħƿص
ǿħҲҪɱ
ѹ۵ַϣħЦħ֪ȵǿ󣿱Ҳ¸㣬ȹѺôħ񣬱оѪЩ꣬һֱڿǣǿڵѪһգһܹѪǿʼѪĳ̶ȣ
䣡
ħһպ𶯣޾ѹַϣ̩ɽѹһ㣬ֱѹ¡
ܹߵգЩǿѪ츳ԶҲ֪жôħ޷ɾͣѪСţѵѪСԶ޷
ôˣоѾ˹ؼʱ̡ѪѪֻҪٸʱ䣬ܹΪǿħе۷ڡãڵʼѪŨû뵽ôŨʼѪᣬȴʽˣ쿪ۣϸñͻ
ħ״񣬵ʵϣȴĵһж֮С
ַ忴ħϣȷСħû뵽ħܴӵײһһ߳Ȼ߳һµ·
ѪϵѪǹؼûǿѪһжùûκôôŬҲá
ħȴƫƫɡ
ħԭѪСƽʱҲΪħȻѪӦֻһЩƫƧѪܳΪǿħģѪ
ڿħѪֱֹ˼㣬˵Ϊħѣ˵ħǿħˡ
ħǿʹУһѪԵɺ֮£ȣѺѹħ
Щħһͬ㣬ǾѪħ񶼲֪ħĿģΪħа
˭뵽ħЩħѪоǿԼѪħǳΪ˺պǿħϣһΪ۷ǿħ
ħַ壬ǧ򲻸ãħ񲻸ַ塣
ʱնᣡ
ħȵǿħжǳֲһ൱ڶ۷һ
ֻǣַǰʲô
ַֻһ꽵٣ӵʱ֮£޵СԸħ񣬽һʱնˡ
Ƭȣħˣһӱᡣ
һƬʱ䡢ռ䣬ͳͳֹˣһַֻܹմˣһʼַûнħУв
ʱ֮
ַҲ̾ѣȻʱ֪֮ʱ֪磬ΨһĹ̺֮İء
Сǧ绹ǧ磬ʱ֮ܵκӰ졣ڣֱַƬСǧ綯ʱնᣬʩչʱ֮ƬСǧҲûκεı仯
ȵҲûκַܷ壬ʱնᣬǾͶһУֹһС˼άҲֹͣ˶һ̡
ַͥɢߣʩչħһƵĻ潵٣Դ֮𣬷·ͨڤڤеĳƬա
ֻǣԴ֮٣ַʱնǰҲûκãԴ֮𶼱ֱӶᡣ
˿ռ䣡
ַܸоƬڤڤеĿռǽ˿ռ䣬ֻڵҲ޷ҵ˿ռľλãҲ޷˿ռ䡣ʵһкҪһ㣬ûеõСǧġע
ÿСǧ磬һЩܵӰӵд˵
˳֮Ϊ֮ӣ˳֮ΪԪ֮ӡˣһʼܷ׻ָ£ָܵвѣȴ澳Ѹٳɳͷ·𱳺һٵ
˵ãܵСǧӰ
֮ӣ߼Ԫ֮ӣǹ̶ģһɲ䡣ַΪСǧļԪ֮ӻ֮ӣһ
ֻܹҵ˿ռ䣬ӶлһСǧ籾Դַ꽵٣ýΣ֮УΪ˵õһСǧ籾Դ
ȻַҲ޷ƣǾʱ̵֮ʱڣʱ֮ǿӶСǧ統Σա
ˣ
ַʱ٣ϵѪ֮ԽԽǿŹȥôһʱ䣬ʵϣʱ٣ַѾǧʱ䡣
⻹ԶԶʼѪַиͻơ
дַάʱٺܳʱ䡣
ʱƣһ졢졢졭
һ¡¡¡
άʱٵַ壬ȴѾ˽ʮʱ䣬ôʱУҲַڵʼѪͻơ


1640 ɱ䣬ǿħ
꣡
Ҳ֪˶ã꣬ʮꡣ
ַ岻ϵļ٣ʱ֮ļ٣Źȥµʱ䣬ʵϣȴѾгʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬ķ˴ַڵѪͻƣһͻƾǾ춯ء
¡¡
𶯣ڤڤеĿռ䣬˴Ļ棬Щ棬дŽɫƺƵ٣ַϡ
ַϵҲԽԽأԼһ޴ӰγɡַܹĸܵңԶյУ·һΰӰبⷽ硣
ʼ棬Ǿʼͣ
ָӦһţţַѪͿʼɱ䣬ɫĻŵɫɱš
ǿǿħ
һַ̣Ϊǿħͻֻ˼µʱ䣬ֻ˼µʱ䡣ʵϣַȴǺķʮʱ䣬ڵʼѪɱ䡣
ʱ٣ҲַħģѸٳɳǺ׵ĳмƣȴһǿơ
ǿħǿħô
ַϸڵʼѪʵΪǿħʵҲʲôֻͨǿħһ
ʩչԴ֮ǾͲһˡ
ѪǿֶξԴ֮ǷپһУƻһе
գ
ַ忴һƬȣбʱնסħˣַѪѾɱ䣬ҲͲҪٶħˡ
ˣ
ȣ»ָԭħ΢΢һ㶣ǰַ壬ȻϢЩƣ֮ǰ˺ܴĲ
㡭ˣ
ôħʶˣ
ַЦЦħһͻ
ܣôΪǿħ񣿡
ħֱԼ۾ǿħַȻΪǿħҪ֪֮ǰַǷħ
ħǿħ֮䣬ǿһԽĺ蹵ţħҲô̵ʱͻơ
ǣַģˣϢ
ͺַ˺ܶһ
ħĸоûдַȷ˺ܶꡣֻǣʱ֮ħ˵̫İ̫ңԶˣ޷ΰ
ûʲôܵģҵȷΪǿħħ㲻һֱõǿѪ𣿽죬Ҿ㿴ǿʼѪʲôɣ
ַǼ¶˼Цֻһ֡
䣡
Դ֮𱬷춼ǽɫ档ɫĻ棬Լγһֻ޴ƣƺƵסȣħ񣬸ǱԴ֮ѹš
ûн٣ħϢˡ
רѪַǿħ֮ʵûʲô塣ΪַѪʼѪʼѪŨǳߣڳΪħ񣬾ΪѪɱ䣬Ѿѷʼֱϵˡ
ˣѪԴ֮ƿֲ˲ﵽǿħ۷ĳ̶ȡ
ڣԸħ񣬼ֱ練ơ
أ
ַһ£ħ˿ֿ֮ûУ㱻Դ֮֡
Ҳģ꣬ġ
ħĲҽţֻԴ֮£һգۣħͱճ˻ҽǿħ񣬷ԲԵߣַУȴ׾ٵˣû˿ĵֵ֮
Դ֮ʼѪ
ַǿħ񣬿Ѫ۷ǿħ˲㳬꣬оѪħ
ַ忴пյһƬħѾˣҲʼ
꣡
һѷ죬֩Ƶģʼ֮ܲС
ˣ
ǵþˣ
ħˣħˡ
λΰħǣ
ħˣоѪˣڵȵһ졭
ħϲħ״Ƕܾĥոһգûκϣ
ħоţѾ׵ľ˭뵽ħȻҲһ죿ϴҲǿħңħսҲֻǴһȣ˵޲ûκá
ڣħˣôǾͳ׵ˡ
ಣ
ħз˳һɳͿַ塣ַܵɢſֲϢ˿ѷɫħоѾ˲²⡣
лħǡ
Ժħ˵зԸҵȱضǣҲҪħ˵Ĵ֮
ħ˿ɷ֪ҵţ
ַ忴һЩħжķħ࣬һĶǿϲ֮ɫ
ħмңĴȵֶ°ɡ
ַ˵꣬ӰһʧӰ
ҪΪ֮ӻ߼Ԫ֣֮⡰ҪСƣЩʱ򣬵ȻȻͻܵСǧӰ
ȻַҲûȫȻϣЩħϣֱ뿪ȣһΣǰأ


1641 Яƶ
˵½ǳһ¡ħӣһӣжħʵһնɱ˾תħ񡣡
ٺ٣ѾǾˡոµϢȵħ񣬾λµħϡ
ʲôôͳΪǿħˣնɱħ񣿡
ǧȷ£Ѿˡ
½ֳʼ½½ŵʼһƬʹ½½˭ʢʣһħ
˶ûмħ񣬵ˡ֣ȴϵı𣬷·ʱʱֶ̽кܶĶһ
磬һʼĸ̥ʱ䣬һǶħѾˣֻҲֻŰˡ
ƫƫһնɱպյľתħ񣬿һս
ڴ֮˸һʰȥȣնɱ˶ħǿǿħ
ԭֻǶԡˡеһȤЩǿħǣҲû̫⡣
նɱħһ·ϣ˵Ϣ
磬˺ɽħͬǿħնɱ˾޺ħͬǿħƺÿһ죬˶ڱǿƺÿһ죬˻ǿħϢ
һЩˣϸо˵ǰ·ߣһ·ǰƽǳضڡơ
ңЯʤ֮ƣأ
˲أҪƽˡϣһΣҪʼʧ
ڣһλ۾š

Ұǣַ徲һǳأûнȥȤ
ǳأַֻӦһλǿħ񣬶һǱȽǿַ壬Ҳûʱȥսˡ
ʱ䣬ַһ·ħţġѾ½÷зʱ䣬ַ嶼ܸоƺһЩˡ
ӰΣɴַΪýھһСǧ磬ﻹܸӦˣ
νˣǾͱҪСǧԽˣʵҲԽ
ˣַҪơڿѡȷġΪġơԽԽһ˿˿Ѿסַ壬ˣַƺԸӦ˿ռ䡣
ȻЩ̫ȷ˿ռľλãַȷӦ˽˿ռ䣬Сǧ磬ȷн˿ռ䡣
ֻǣַѾ߱½ķɲȥأǽķ̽˸飬ֻΪѰҽ˿ռ䣬ȴһ
Ҳ˵һΪųַҲ֪˿ռкܴʣأʼ½
Σַ嶼ȥؿһһλʼ桰͡
ַĴʼǳ⣬СǧĹϵͬһ㣬֪һЩ˿ռϢ
Ʋ๻ˣأвˣšѵһ֣ܳǾٺòˡ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡǿħ񣬵ȴʼûȥأڸʲôѵص˲֪
ַѪʼѪᡣ˭ҲûַȴЯŴʤһһĿأЩصħһҲַ֪һЩ˼
ȴַĿģҪصǰսֳһЩ󶯾Ǿٺòˡ
ˣлᡰ𶯡λصʼ桰ַ͡ĿġȻǰַܹܶԷ
أҶѪԴַ֮ռı˾ͲˡôʱġַҲǵսûС
ǡǡ෴ַÿʱÿ̶УɱΪǿħַҲûз¹Сʱ٣ô̵ʱ䣬ʵϽЩܵǿħַѾʱǧꡣ
ѪУľʱĻۡ
ǧʱ٣ҲȱҲַѪ˳ǿ˼£Ѿǿħ۷ˣ˵Ǽ¡
һʼ棡
ֻһҲǵַҲܵƺԶ޷Ƶû˵һλħлͻƳΪʼġ
Ĵʼ棬ûһλǺɣͳͳ쵮
磬м޵ģǾǿħ۷塣һַ嶼ûа취
ϾѪϵƿϵྶ̫ͥˡ
ַָоʼ޷ôԶҲ޷Ϊ֮ӻ߼Ԫ֮ӣԶ޷ܵСǧ˵Ӱ
Сǧ磬ƺڡڴһλʼĵ˵ڴŵλʼĵɺɵʼ浮
һеʼ浮ǵλʼ棬ضǼСǧһԶԶǰĴʼ滹Ҫǿ
Ǹʱ򣬾ܸӦ˿ռ䣬˿ռˡ
ˣأ
Ȼַͣɫƽǰһͳǳء


1642 ɨأ
죬죬ѩֿˡ
磬ʲô֣
㲻֪ѪˣһΣλħɲˣȻʹսķʽдչصħǶ¡
ʲôȻ˶սķʽҪعأ
ԣԣǸϽȥȥ˿ɾͿˡ
УֱϵѪ󲿷ֶǷħ񣬼һЩͨħҲǸոճãһĶǱǿ
ǿħǸǲǿ۷ǿħ޵еĴڡ
˿̣䳡УΧħ񣬸ǿħֻǿħʸšվŵģٶǷħ
˿̣Щǿħǣһɫѿ

һƮƮص䳡Ͽա
ַվ䳡ϣһƽ顣ڸղţѾ˵λصħ񣬶ͳͳǿħ
أַ֮ǰѾ˽ˣְֻ취
һ֣õʼ͵ͬ⣬ֱӾܳΪصħ񣬳ΪʽʼᣬûʼѪʲôʼϣκ˶Υ
ڶְ취ǾǵõһЩǿߵƼȻ󳹲ݡչʾһ츳츳õͬĳЩ߲֮߰ģҲǽΪʽѪ
ְ취ֱӣҲ˵Ӱ죬ǾֱսֻҪܹսذŵǿħһأǾֱܹӳΪʽˣҪ˵ͬ⡣ֻǣְ취ʵضһ˵ѣ˭ܱǿ߻Ҫǿ
ַոսǷħŶħʵʱҲֻС츳ˣһСһ
ڣ˭뵽ַһأȻѡѡĵְ취ֱս
ңӵһλǿħٵڵĵλǿħ񣬶ܱصǿħǣɫܺÿŹ֡
̫ˡصǿߣʼ½ǿ𣿡
ַҡҡͷһδĸоǿħ¶̲סȥһ
Ŵǵħһȴû˿ĳ嶯ַλǿħζʲô
λħ񣬵һλҲᣬֻͨǿħ񣬵ڶλ͵λȴѾǿħзǳǿˣǣѾַ֤Ѿӵǿħ۷ʵ
ǿħ޵Уֻһ֮ңˡǿħ޵УصУҲֻһλ
ƽʱûرش£˭ȥһλ޵дڣ
ˣַһƵģȴûȥַսˡ
ˣˡħѾͨսʽΪصˣţʵǿ󣬻ԳΪصĳϣһɽ壬䱸ʮλħԼϰͨħ񣡡
Ϊ׵һλߣȻһλ۷ǿħַԾԾԣԷȴû˿ս˼ֱӸַӦĵλ
峤ϣɲʲôְ෴峤ϼʼ½ǶǺպλߡصУǴȨգϣֻʼԼλǿħ޵еĴ֮¡
ĳϣλƽƽһӦȨܹܡ
ַȴԵźǾû˺սоˣƺûӶ١
֡أߵսǿħ˾ѾûӶˣΪ峤ϣûӶ١
ƺЩһ
ѵҪΪλʼ棬ܳΪԪ֮ӻ֮ӣ
ַüͷ
ַΪ峤ϣܲ峤ϵĴǻʵ峤ϣӦȨҲӦоС
磬ڵĲ飬κܵĲ飬ַ嶼Ȩ鿴
ַķһʱ䣬ڵĲ鶼˸顣
ȴûκһ鵱УᵽγΪʼ档ᵽĴʼ棬ġѪַѪʵнĿռ䣬ôַҲ֪Ѫ޷ɱΪʼѪ
ƺǣ浽Сǧıʡ
ַýľ磬ҪѪΪΪʼѪҲǳѣܡ
ǣַԸķ£㡢оħһоϣоһַΪλʼ棬ΪȫµʼѪ
Ҫʱ䣬Ǻʱ䣬ַɲһСǧе̫ʱ䣬һ͵òʧ
Դֻ֣Ҫ߱ˣôһнпܡһѰҵ˿ռİ취ôҾܶڽ嶼ܲ֡
ַԺ˸һһͷûǽٵƬСǧĿģǾǽ˿ռ䣬ȡһСǧ籾Դ
֮⣬¶Ҫ


1643 ǿ
ˡ
ַǽʼСǧˡʵϣȻ翣ڽ˵һܹӦǾܹ㡣
οַ廹ˣǾ͸ˡ
ˣַ忪ʼķʱ䣬Сǧ˵򣬻˵Сǧ˾
һꡢꡢꡭ
ৣ
ʱ䣬ַһŵķֻǣĿȴЩŹ֡
֮ڣ
ַĽСǧ򣬾Ȼ֮ڡȻַ壬ȴ֮СھλãַҲûа취㡣
ߣһЩ֮ţصѰһЩ֮ˡ
ֱַ뿪ڵɽ壬⼸ʱ䣬ַԴӳΪ峤֮󣬷ǳġֻǴԼɽ֮УҲûĶƺ֮ǰߵսħˡ
ڣַ뿪ɽ壬ʼĴй䡱ʵѰһЩ˵ˡغܴҪȫһ飬Ҳúķһʱ䣬ַҲƵĵйš

أ
һͨСӣıס
;
һ߸ߴǿ׳кսȭͷֺһСкǰ

;ҧ촽ǸǿС
ٺ٣Ǿٴ򣬴򵽷Ϊֹ֪Ǹ֣һûۣûϲ֣Ҵ򡣡
߸׳׳кֺһ֣кҲһӵϡȻҶֻͨСӣħ񶼲ǣһҲ¡Ͼָˣʲô˺
ô̤ڵأȭߣܵ˼ġ衱
ס֣ڸʲô
ȻһŮӺ洫ЩкųĸŮһıɫֺƵ˵Сָղֳƣֻǽѵһ¡ģƤ˲
ߣǳ;ô᲻Ͻ뿪ҿɲ
ŮģȻ崿ϵϢѾӽħˣһΪħصλһЩкɲҺŮȡ
ǣһĶݺݶ˵ϵ;һۡ
ߣС֣ãΪͷһαǣһΣһΣߣ
Щк˺ݻ漴ת뿪ˡ
첽ǰ;漴һ۵˵磬ôˣҪҪҸ߸ף㿪ʼУһͲñ۸ˡ
;ȴҡҡͷûܵʲô˺һһЦû£¾㸸Ҳûáҵݣעﲻʺҡ
㲻ȥ
֮ﲻȥأҲǿħֻҪܰһλǿħΪʦһգһ»ص
;ССͣźͲƥĳ͡
ףСһе˼С۸ȴ飬־ᶨҰĲ⡭ôоеϤ
ַĿЩŹ֡ڻʱҲ˵һЩС˵ԼһЩһЩ¼ЩˣһⶼСʱִܵɳй飬Ȼǵȴһɳ졣
ʵ˰Ľ
ˣСһϵΣ
ַ;Ȥˣǿʼ㡣ϸĿô࣬һ㣬ַ̾ˡ
СϵˣֱŨ㰡һ˿˿Ľ飬ʲô˼СѵδٵĹؼ
ַĿ˸һ˿˿ľâȷ;СǧĹؼڻСȴ˰
ˣֻҪǳɾͿ϶һ˿˿ĽƣǾζţ;һ١
ˡǡ
Щַ嶼ģҵŨˣԴ;ϣý˿ռľλã;ϵˣս˿ռ䡣
ֻǣڵ;СǳСܲܳɳһ̶ȶ˵Ͼ˻ԶԶҲߣնûгɳ磬ҪַҪɱ;ܶԷ˶ôŨң˷ħǿħҲûã;ɣ
˲ܣַ屣ݻǾͲһˡ
ڤڤ֮У˰ַ;δ;˵á
Ȼȥˡ
;¶ЦݣֻǣЦݺǿԶһֱҲӰ;ϵЦҲʧˡ
սȭͷɫޱȵĿиǳ˷ŭ
޷ǸղЩкĳ裬ֻǣһжεļĵףֻΪʵ
ǿġԼ𣿡
ȻһƮƮİ;ĶС


1644 
˭
;ͫһ·ܵ˾ţĿ⳯ȥֻǣյģʲôûС
شңġԼ𣿡
İ;ĶС;ҵЩ£ͬʱһЩļ
Լˣ
;ԼݣԼĴλ᲻Լˣֻǣݣ
ԼˡǺǣ˭Լˣ
ৣ
䣬;ǰһΣͻȻͷǰһİӣƺҲᣬϢȴޱ޼ʣĸϵϢҪֲ
֪һοˡˡ
ԼˣҪеõи
Ҫʲô
һŵպپҵĳŵôӦһŵκ£㶼ôӦ
һǳԵҪ;ս˫֣ʵ̫ǿˣζ롣ֻϧݣظͲܱǿ
뿪أȥ磬ܺ϶٣
˵ͱһЩħץסȥоˡ
ԭܼ򵥣̺ʼѪѪΪѪܵȴ޷ڸʼѪĲ
ʼѪֱδšǣ浽һϵеĶԹ𣬵ֱ;ĸĸ;ĸףǿħȴΥ˽;ĸ;ձشѹ
Ȼ;ȴܲˣֻ;سȻϲͲᴫ;зš
ȻⲻǳϻϵȴһǱ˶;Ϊ裬ûһλ˻˵;зš
ãҴӦĳŵʲô£Ժ󶼻Ӧ㣡
㲻Ҫĳŵ
ַ۾΢΢һУҪʲôֻҪ;Ӧ˾Сպ;أ˵;һСǧͨħ񶼲ǡ
ĹؼΪʼΣַҲѹӦһλĳŵǾû˭ܹڡ
Ҵзţ
Ϊβң
ַ巴ʵ
㲻֪ҵݣǻˣһ鷳ġ
ַĻش;䣬Ȱ˵ַ塣
˼ݲ;ôʼѪѪΪѪӣʵϣΪ㿪Ĳ֮ӣǱߡȻ㲻ңҿ԰Ĵ֮Ժ˭㣬㲻ҹˡ
;һ漴ĵ˵ʦģͽһκˣ
;Ĺڵϣַݾߵ˴񣬾ǳΪַĵӡȴַݶ֪Ҳûѯʡ
ַҲû⣬Ȼ峤ϻνǱ򡣵Щ鷳һЩ鷳ң汻ײƣҲԿ;ԡ
ϣʱȥҡ
ǣʦ𡣡
;̧ͷȴǰյһƬʲôˣĶȴصŸղšʦ𡱵Ļ;սȭͷޱȵļ
֪ΨһĻᣡ

ҵ˶߲٣ոһյĽ̵;ϵ˻ʣ޼;СǧǣĺڶһУ
ַոշסͷϢʧšϣ;ʧٶȣһǿħ񣬺ܿ˾ʧꡣ
һʧȥˣָĵù¾ͻ֣ڷΪ̼;Ҫ¼
ַȴͲ⣬ǳڴ;˴ﵽ㣬ġʹǸʱ;᲻˿ռ䣬Ҫġ
ˣˡ
ַš
ڶ죬ַͿʼ;֮
;ʼѪҿ츳ܵͣʵϣȷ͡ʼѪѪŨȡѪŨȵ磬ĳɳ֪ҪѸٵĳɳ
ַȴ;ԼȥЩĥѣνǣַǰûκá
ַ忴;ֻȱһ֣Ǿʱ䣡
ʱ䣬ʱ䡣һꡢ꣬ǰꡢǧʱ䡣
ַҲûʲô֮ɰѪϵ;Ѫ֮һƣǾʱ֮
ʱ٣ֲ;Ķ̰塣
һ겻Ǿʮ꣬ʮ겻ǾͰ꣬겻Ǿǧꡢꡣ磬ħǵܳܳȫʱٺܾúܾá
ˣַʱ٣;ȫ֪֮£;Ѹٵĳɳ̶̼ʱ䣬;Ѿ޽ӽΪħ
һΪħַо;ϷһЩǳ˼¡


1645 ȥ;ץʣ
һգ;ͿˣͿǵǸӡ
Ӵⲻ;ʱأڸʲô
Ϳ;ǰ
;һͿǰܷŭšʦУÿնܹоʵָоֱԡҪͻƳΪħˣңһѪͻƣʼѪҪͻˡ
һͻƣƾʼѪ̾ħƣʼѪƣһ̣Щͳͳ˳
Ȼ;Ͳ˶೤ʱ䡣
ϣƺмµʱ䡣
ʵϣַʱ֮£;ǧʱ䣬ٶȣνǷǳ
ҲѪ΢һ㣬ֻʱ䣬ܴﵽͻƵٽ㡣ٶȣҲʲô
Ҫ֪ħһǷħֻǿħ
Ϊͻƣ;ʵʼѪĺôͻֳǾһͻƣ֮ͬУûе֡
ʼѪ໥ãܹӳ˼
Ѿ߱ǿȻħ񣬵ԸͿȴǴ´ࡣˣ;ûͿֱӣ׼ȥС
;վס
ͿȴǷŭˣʲôʱ;Ȼˣ
ž
Ϳȭ׼;һѵȻͿвô츳ҲôôҲУԸ;ŴЧͲ⡣
һΣͿȴεץסˣ;ץסˡ
;ĶͿĿ͸¶һĨɫ
㡭ʲô
Ϳˣһ飬ûκε벻ףƽﶼܺ۸;ôһ˿£
Ҫң
;˵漴֣Ȼʵǣڻչ¶âʱ򣬷Щǿħ֣ǿҲûʲôá
ˣڵ;Ҫ͵
;һƣͿƿͿģ˺˼Ŀ⿴;·İһоǰͿƺǰȫһˡ
ԣôô㡭зţҿʼˣ
Ϳƺһ뵽ʲôĸǷħˣ֪һ;һĴڣһɣû˻ᴫ֮
;ȴƫƫʼУҾȻͿҪûб˴ڣǾֻһܣ͵ѧ
뵽Ϳ̴;Ȼ͵ѧ֮ץסִϡ
Ϳ˷ܣͿ;˳ˣÿ;Ӱ룬;ʲôһСְˡ
ڣ;ȻˣͿоץ˻ᡣ
ǣͿļ˶ˣǶصСħ񣬵СУҲ˺ܳʱ䡣
һĶҲ˿飬Ҫץס;
;ֻǶһѪҲаյѪʼѪԴԴϣѾе˼£һΪħ񾳽׼
أ
;ֺ·һӰһ㣬գۼͻͿͬ飬һĶڵϰ
;һһͿͿɫףʲô;Ҹ׿Ƿħ񡭡
أ
û˵꣬ͿͲҽһϰһȭ;ֱһͿĶӣ˼߹ǣġԹȫй˳
һΣǹͿݣɱˣ
ˣһЩ˼ɣͿɱͷȻȴϼµʱ䣬ѪĻָ˵Ѿ˵ıȽصˡ
;𣬸оޱȵ̹ƺڵѪƲסҪɱˣǣ;Ѹٵ뿪źȥ
ϵͿ;뿪ӰԹ֮ɫ
ءȥ߸ףһҪСץҪ𣬺ݺݱ𣡡
ͿڼͬĲ֮£Ѹٸϻ˼Уҽ¸߸Ƿħĸס
ţ;ʼˣ
ͿǷħڶ;ôһǱ򡱣˴;зš
Ŷͷñˣȷ;һˡĶӾٲãҲǴСУôһûе;򲻹
Է϶ˣȴû˴ڣǾ͵ѧ
ȥ;ץʣεõ֮Ū
Ϳһ֣µһλħǰȥץס;;ǷУһλħһֵܹ
ףץס;һҪúĥһұ𡣡
Ϳ˵
;ǣ㣬㶮ʲôѧĶȥڰ꣬ħ񲻵ó
Ϳ׳ͿһͿϢģԹԵϷȥˡ


1646 ͻƣɾħ
;˺壬ȴʦûɴϥڵϣʼζŸղűͿһ̵ĸо
Լ䣬оڵѪƺڿʼ˷ڣһѪѪʼ˷ڣǼͻƵס
ڿҪͻˡ
;кܼһͻƵ塣ħվϡʼ磬ҪΪǾͱħ
ЩˣһħǷħӵ޾ԴЩˣڵײ㣬Ҫһһ
;úˣڵײ˺ܳʱ䣬˵ˡʦ𡱣ʼ֮·ٶȻô죬Ȼʱ䣬ﵽͻƵٽ㡣
Ҫ֪һЩԴȱ츳ˣҲҪʮꡢϰʱ䣬ܹͻƳΪħٶȣƿֲ
ʱ;ƺ뵽˻þУڻþйȥ˺ܳʱ䣬;΢΢Щʶ⣬оصġʦ𡱣֪ܡ
ҵˣ;ԭ
;ųΪħֺôʱһİ˶С
ৣ
;۾һˡ
ħ񣿡
;𶯣ǰˣͿ£պħܿ뵽Ϳû뵽ŰͿˣˡ
ץҵģִϵ
ٺ٣;ץ㻹ҪϵΪ˭һСְˡ˿үǾӦףҪе
;ȴվһսģ
뷴͵ѧзţСΣħħ֮£ϣ
䣡
ħѪֲħѹ;ϣ;ٲά裬ž޴ѹ
ǲħ񣬲ĺܴܴ˾
;ѵ̧ͷڵʼѪıţһ̣û뵽ʦ𡱵οġʦ𡱻Ҫܡ
ʱֻܿԼ
ħҲ޵Уƣ
һ̣;ڵѪѾٽ޵Ѫħ񣬱Ѫ޷γħҲ޷γǿս
ħ֮ǿħ
һ̣;ϵѪȻγŨġѪɫϿգ·һ޴֮һĵֵѹ
ţ
Щ棬⿿ѪֵܹסѹһħǼֱָңҲܿ;ѪҲͻƵٽ㣬һͻƣǾħ
û뵽͵ѧзţ֪Ȼ˾ءԣ͵ѧţûԴܵٽ㣿˵㱳󵽵ʲôˣ

;һ͵͵Уǵʲôֻ;һˡ;ˣǾͲһˡ
ܿǣ浽ĳЩ֮Ĳġ
أҲһ飬໥֮ﰵ಻ʤ
ڳϻˣͿҲǳϻˣһҪ;ħ
ҵıûˣٺ٣޷ңݺ𣿡
ߣħ񶼲ǣһҪݺҲգ㲻˵Ҳûϵץ㣬ʲô³
һ漴ħΪһֻ޴ƣݺ;һץ
ħ̫ǿ̫ǿ;ž޴ѹʱҲҲ˽һŭ𣺡֮Ѫâ֮ѪѪѪƣ
;ϣһѪ˲䱬
ÿһѪͬСɣͳͳʼѪСǧǿѪһȫеٽ㡣
䣡
ѪศɣԼֿµŭص֮УȻȵĵֵסħһ
ֱ˼飬κακطѪȻֵܹסħĹʵ̫ˡ
۾Ĳ˼֮ɫ
ʼѪͻơⲻܣúķѶ೤ʱ䣿úķѶôӴԴ㱳Ƿħǿħ񣬶û
š֪;ݵħһλġ֡ȻʼѪ
ƺܲʵϣѪ̫࣬ûκôЩͨ飬ʵָ̫̫Ѫ
ϾͨǸħĺᣬһЩͨгǧѪΪ档ʼѪߣȴǳĺ
ǣܹѪеͻƳħĵزǾ͸ӵĺˡ
¶˾ģ֡ħ˲䱬ȫ
¡
ɽ嶼Ҫһһ̣ħǿʮ;ѹʼѪ޷֧š
Ͼħħ
ͻƣҪͻƣҪɾħ񣡡
;ڷŭţ߶е־ޱȵļᶨһֻ̣һͷǾͻƣ
ˣ
һ̣;·оѪƺܵʲôһţʼѪҲһ
׷סѡͬʱһǿĸоȻı͵ĸֳĵӰ
ĵӰ·ΰӵ޾;ı
һĻػһ㣬
ħħʼѪΪɾ͵ħ񣬸ǿֲ㣬ֻӰҲɢſֲƣȫ֮ϡ
ৣ
һ̣;۾


1647 壡
;۾Ŀ·𲻸ֱӡֱӸոͻƣ;ϵϢһٳ
Ҫ֪Ȼ㲻϶ħ񣬵Ҳħܹٵħ񡣸οʼѪħ񣬱ͱѪħҪǿöࡣ
ĴʼѪͬʱͻƳΪħ񣬲˼飬ǲ˼顣
ȴû̫ȣеֻǸеš֪һ;ͻƣǾͻﵽһֲĵز
ԭܼ򵥣;ĴʼѪ
ʼ統УĴʼ棬ֱʼ桰͡ʼ桰ʼ桰âʼ桰Ĵʼ棬ҲԴѪ֮ΪʼѪ
ĴʼѪŸԲͬѪǿ;ʼѪͲ˼顣ÿһʼѪжѪϰٱǧĴʼѪͬʱѶȸһĵز
˭뵽;ܽĴʼѪͳͳħĲΣ
ڣĴʼѪ׷ͻƣ;ҲоһЩͬħӰȻںϵƣصһ޴Ӱ
ƣ
;ħûֻۣһӰոͻƣħҲҪʱܹ۶
ˣһӰȻͱ˶ħƺƵݺݵĺϡ
ͣ
ôҲħ񣬶ҲѪħֻǣ;һȴֵסǿֱӶħ;ûɱˣѾˡ
㡭
ͷ󺹣͸ղôһɲǣͷ·һһˡдֲڵ;Ȼе˿־塣
;ȴĿħˣصĹأҿԳΪʽˣɡ
ȷ;˽صĹءߣǴСصУصĹغ
Щδħᣬʵ㲻ʽˣԤˡֻгΪħ񣬲ʽˡ
һЩѪᣬѾ̫ˡ
Ϳ֮Ը۸;ʵ£ܴ⣬ʵΪǶʽˣͲᡣ
һΪʽˣǾͲһˡ
Ŀ;һۣ;Ϊħζʲô
ಣ
ʧˣøϽȥħ
ʧ;±۾ոͻƣֻѪϵɱ䣬ǽֻǸոտʼѪͻƺ󣬻һؼĲ裬ħ
ֻ۳ħħ񣬲ܾ߱ħȻ;úķһʱ䣬Ǳϥںϣħ
ֻǣ;֪ħֳĶжôֲֻһѪͻƳΪħΣʲô
ʼѪͻƵħΣ۳ħ൱ĴʼѪħΪһ塣
ֶɲСء
ô£˭ͻƳΪħˣ
λСͻˣӦħħôôĶ
ѵѪ̫ˣһΪħôѪͻٶȾһЩҲôĶ
ܵѪϢѪѵͻħεĻѪ˫ͬޣ
УȥǺķ򣬿ļӵܣ
;Ͳֳ֪Ķжضֳ󣬸ַ֣飬һţںϿաʱ֪صĶħ񣬷׷׳ź
ַ壬ʵһں壬֣ҲһԡҲ뿴;λǣζȹΣû뵽;ǣͻƳΪħ񣬵鲻㣬ôĶ
ȻǾŻ
ַûг֣뿴;λǣһ֮г

ž
еıӣϢһţоҪϢһ
˵;Ǹ֣ȻͻƳħ񣿶һʼѪͳͳͻˣ
ҶǶ֣㱻ɱˡ
۾΢΢һУ֪;⡣ǰͼ;ҿ϶Ǹʱ;ûС
ڣŹȥʱ䣬;ͻƳħ񣬶һʼѪͳͳͻƣ
УС֪˵¾鷳ˣԲ򣡺ߣԳ֡
ҪԳ֣;ѾΪħпܳΪʽˡ
ٺ٣Ϊʽˣ붼Ҫȥ룬ͻƳΪħһЩϧţҲҪʱ䡣ο;ûоһЩʽʽˡҲлΪʽˡɱһЩ𷣰ˣһס
뵽Ҳԥ̴źȥ


1648 ˸˱ӣ
壬;ŬħֻǣĴʼѪͻƣҪħҲǶʱܹġ
˿̣ѾһЩħִ˺塣
Ȼһ۾ϳ;ݡ
;ô;
ǵľ飬;𣬲׼κ˴;зšô£;Ȼħ񣿡
Ծ;гΪħõзҲܡϾҪӴԴ
;еĻֹѪĴʼѪǲ˼飬ȻʼѪȴƫƫʼѪͻƵħˣúķѶôӴԴ
;չصһɣ³ǲɿڡ
Щ۷׷֮ʱԶӰֱӽٵ˺塣
;ȻС֣͵͵У뱨𣿡
һ¶Σ̴ǳ⣬ͬһ㣬¡¡صں嵱С³ħ֮е;Ҳüüͷòͣħۡ
֪ǹħ
ĶңֻǸһѵץҡٺ٣һˣ
;ҲЦ˵
кâһ;ݵ΢ȥѾǶ㿪ˡ㲻˼رȴ͵͵Уӵܣ㰵ػģڲ⣡գҾҪ㣬Ǵ
Ͳ;ĻᣬֱӶˡ
ʵһ۾Ϳ;ڹؼʱ;ټȥʼѪħΣǺεȵ츳
дԴȴڶ̶̼µʱ䣬гɾħٶ̫̫ˣڿ־塣
ˣò֣һ־ֱɱС
ûڳᣬֱɱ;նݳһ
Ϊ˻ܵϵ𷣣Σ÷ħĸ׻ǳ֮һһλǿħΪһ˵С֣ϵĴжأȫ
һ̣¶˾ġ
ʵħ񶼿ͼȴû˭гֹĴ㡣Ϊ;ݷǳΣϲ
ܹȫ峤ΪһЩˡĻк壿׼Уȴ;Ȼ˭뵽ͻȻ˱仯
ˣ;ɱ֣û˻ᷴԣû˻ֹ
¡¡
Ƿħ񣬻Ƕķħһ־ȫԸԲ;ϢĻᡣǣµ;ı󣬱ضһλǿħǷħ񣬶ǿħ
λǿħҪ;Ǿ鷳ˡ
Բڣᣬٶȣ;նɱΪȶʵǿħҲûκá
ҪɱңѾǰˣ
;ȻɱʱϣκˣֻܿԼ
䣡
ʼѪ۳ħֻ۳һ֣Ҳ൱Ŀ£ĵӰںصһ𣬳ΪһӰ
ңӰһ֣һֳȻƣ;ϡЩħƺҲܵѹơ
£ʼѪ۵ħ
Ȼҵȵħѹƣ⻹ͨħ񣿡
£ǿ¡;ɳ½Ϊһ
һʹնɱǲЩϧˣվѪᡣ
;ȻǱĴʼѪںһ۶ɵħֱǲ˼飬һЩħѾһ˿ϧŵͷ
ҲΪҪᶨ;նɱԭ
ϧţһЩͨħܻϧţôһЩķħֻ᲻ϧţĳǣֻ᲻ϧţ
ֻҪһλ϶ϧŵͷնɱ;ͼǲܵˡٶȲν죬˼ܲһΣƴȫҪնɱ;
أ
Ĺ䵽;ϡ
;ػʼѪ۳ħվûȫۣҾȫۣǷħ۷ڣҲѹ;
ˣһش;;ո۳һħ˲
ͬʱЯſֲ;ȥ֮졣
;С֣㸸ױ壬ϾӦý㴦ֻϧǻĨӣٺ٣죬ȻУѰ·Ҳ¸㣬ĸ׾ǵץסģ󱻳ǻУĸҲɱˡڣҾȥ㸸ĸžۡ
Ѿʤȯգһ̣ܽ;촷ۡ
;սȭͷͳŭ֪ˡࡱԭĸ֮ס
ֻϧ游ĸˡ
˸˱ӣ
ȻһͻأĻصں嵱Сͬʱһɺƴޱߵƣӿȣ˲䱬ֻƣ˶е·ҪϢһ㡣
һ;ǰߣȴƵı֮£ͣסˣ񱬷þȫҲ޷ٽһ硣


1649 ġʦ
㡭
̧ͷ˳ֵǵӰ漴һ𣬷·𲻸ţֺȻһʱ֮Ȼʲôû˵
;Ӱ۾һ죬æʦ𣡡
ַ忴;˵ͷܲû͸¶ݡ
ȷַ徯;ۺʱ͸¶ַݡȻ;Ҳַ֪ݣַ֪ģֻҪһ£˭᲻֪ƫƫ㵽Ҫˣ;û͸¶ֺڰеַе⡣
ˣ;֧ŲסַԳˡ
˳ϣ
ַҲòͷ­ˣǿ֮һȨһħܱġ
ˣǸ߰Ҳõͷ
ϣʦسϣ
;·ź֪ʶʦ𡱵ݲһʵϸҲ֪ôΪħ񣬶һʼѪһͻƳΪħһħģҲǿħ
ǿħ񣬺ܴܱصĳϡ
ֻǣǰ;ûȥַݰˣҲ״
ɱĵӣ
ַ۾΢΢һУϵƼֻ΢й¶һ˿սսѹһɽһޱȵĳء
֪ˣֻһҧ˳ϣʱղ֪ܲ;ݡ⣬Ƕнôзţȴ;ΪӣôѾΥ˳ǵľ顣
Υǵľ飿;Ѫȴü٣ڵᣡˣǴзΣȥҳϣܹʶгϣ˭ұ
ַ˵
˳ϣ
룡
ֱַһֲ֣ͬһɽһݺݵײǷħǶķħ񣬵ַǰȴƶסħֱشַ飬һ¾ܽ顣
;ΪʦɱΪΪʦģĳˣԼгˣ
ַ帺ֶ;˵
;һ漴Ŀشʦģӵĳ𣬵һȥ
ַ;ĶԻһֱ׺䶥һ
ûȻǰ;ͣҪ;̤ʯĥ;
Ҳ˳ϣΪѵϴΣ

ܲܵϴΣ㵣ġţĹ졣
ַ̧ͷĿԶҲѸٷһӰϵϢԶԶڷħ֮ϡ
ϣͼϣ
ͼϣǲħĸ¿鷳ˣλ棬ؿֻһ粨ˡ
ٺ٣Ƕλ˳ϲϤɣǿ֪ôΪصĳϣ
⡭⻹治֪ʱչأûע⡣
˳ϣǽսλϣսʤ֮ųΪصĳϡͼϼǿħ˳ϵĶ֣
ħ۷׷ףǴ󲿷ֶʶͼϣַȴİ
ˣ
ͼϵƺƵͬһ㣬δ
ͼϣĵǹ죬ģûֻһССĳͷˡ
ַ嵱Ȼ֪ͼϼĹϵ
ͼϿһ֪ܵش֪೤ʱָֿܹһַߵ;漴ɫ˵ˣոսأΪȻ͵͵;зţ֪;⣬Ǿǵһ¾ܴκзţΥǵľ飿
Ŷܴ;з𣿱Ǹڲ֪Ѿˡ
ַһƵģƺûͼϵĻϡ
ʦǵʦ𡭡
;ҧ촽˵
ַȴҡҡͷ⣬ͼʲôţص˶ĺλصĴϣ˭Һ֣
磬ʲôضǿƶʲôϵľ飿
ͼϣҲˣһСİˡô㻹ͱ֣
ַϵϢɢ˳ͼϣƺ뵽ʲôɫ䣬һʱ䣬ɫǵͨ죬ȴʲôû˵
ȤʲôʱϳأȥҴϡ
ַҡҡͷ漴һУֱӴ;ö֮뿪ĩˣһ仰صյС
;ǱӣսӦʡ˭ҪʲôıƵİϷǱɾͲˣ
޴صյУǶͼӵľ棬вƫƫͼ϶һڡ
ݰ˶ĿɿڴƺЩصħ˽ղ֪λ¼ص˳ϣôġԵͬΪϵͼϣƺԡ


1650 ϣ
ʦ𣬵ӻ᲻鷳
ַ;صԼɽ壬һ·ϣ;ԵúܳĬС󣬷Ǻѵģ󶼻ᱻǣ
ʦƺʵǿǳϣ⣬϶ŭѡ
ʦ𹫿ΪԿϣôף
ˣ;ʵܵġ
ַͣ;΢΢ҡҡͷ鷳ȷһЩãЩκεΪʦΪʦǽλ峤ϣܹأΪ峤ϣͼΪβҶ֣Ϊ°±Ϊʦܡ
ʵסֻʵҪġνĳϣ߹ˣҲֻһϣΪʦӣҲ˶ѡأ˭壬ʼ£Ϊʦûзϡ
ַ˵ĺɣʵϣ;ȴûôšֻоַƺʲô壬⡢š
أҲݺ޵Уʲôʲôħ񶼲һصУЩ߸ϵĳǣΪǿħȴɱءţ¶ءءԽ
ַ岻һȫûСءļƺûʲôܹסַ塣ʱ;֪ʦ𣬵ȷһλ˲ĴڣصĴϣҲȲʦ
ʼѪȫͻħˡħҪڶΪһΪʦһ֮
˵ֱַ꣬ӿʼ;ħдʱ٣ˣ̶̼ʱ䣬Ͱ;ȹ˾磬۳ħһ
ˣֱŨˣò˶ã̤ħǿħ֮ǸʱЯĽͽˡ
ַ忴е;;ϵ˸ŨˣͬʱҲŨ;ϼһϵйغСǧ˵ˡ
ǵ
ûʵٴҲ޼¡
ַҡҡͷΪýϣԼԼˣ
ڣַҪʵ࣬ǾǱӻ;ĳɳȻ󾲾ĵȴ;СǧĴپˡ
⻹Ҫһʱ䡣

޴
ͼĿ֪ϣûʲô൱ڼ֪;Ϊħ֮һʱԳ֣׼ϧһдۣҪնݳ
ȴԸ൱⣬ͼ϶档
ףѵǾʹ˰֣;Ҳˣǳ̣ҾرοĴгһգǿħǺֱ롣
̲סЩġǰᵣģ;ΪħҲģϾǿħô׳ɾ͵ġ
أжѪжپž޵ħ񣬵м˳Ϊǿħ
֪ˡ;֮͸е²ˡôһλǿǿħ֧;֪;Ľж졣
޳ǿħҲǲܡ
ͼɫ࣬һ۶ħ֪Ǻˣߣ˵ˣλǿϣҲԲĶֻ֡дϣһսû뵽;Ȼ˵ķۣ鷳ˡ
ʲô˳ǿ򣿸ףѵûа취ˣ
ʧɫȻͼϵĶӣҲ֪صĳϡжǿֻЩǿϲ֪ûʸ֪
취ûУ;ڻʽˣǾһϣţѾܹܵ˵ģȥϻ㱨ϳ棬һϣ
ǣͼ¶˾ģ̳Ŵϵסȥ
ܿ죬ͼϾ͵˴ϵס
ϳ궼ڱչУʵѾ޿ɽչأһΡΪ£ѾϵȤˡ
ֻгΪʼȤ
ֻǣΪλʼ棬ѣ޾£ȴû˿ͷҲ
ϣ
ͼϿʼϿߣľ˵һ顣
;Ϊӣ
ǰϣ˻ֻܿдϳѹһͷ
ͼ϶ԴϳţλǿħУ޵еĴڣʼ棬ܡ
ϱ۾ãŻڣ̾һͼ̫ˡ£ҵĴĴʼ֮ĹϵҲ֪ǶֻӰˡ;֪࣬ΣӶ㲻ϡ˲ͬѾʼߣʼԣ͸ˡ
ʲôʼҲ͸ˣôܣ
ûʲôǲܵ£ÿ˶һЩܣҲܡȻ;ΪͽǾɡ;¼ףɾΣˣ͹ˣ
ǡ
ûпǣͼϣЩ̫һЩ£̫ȨˡʲôȨյȨ˿᣿㲻װֻʵǲȨ
˵꣬ϾͲ۾ֻʣͼϣһ˼ı顣


1651 Σ
֪ʱȥˡ
ַģʱ䣬;һֱǱޣȻһûʲô̫ĻԵַʱ٣ʵϣ;˺ܳʱ䡣
ûлԵʱ䣬;ҲͻƵ˷ħ񣬶һǶħ񡣵һͲǿܹˡ
;ȷҪԵַҲоƺ;뿪ˣֻ;뿪ٲпܱ
;ַʵѾƳ˰ʱ䡣
ַҿ϶;һ뿪أضֳ췭ظĴ£Ӷ٣ⲻַҪ
ҲҪ;ĳɳǿħΪλʼ棬;ܸӦ˿ռ䣬ַ̤ܰһ
ʦ𣬵󡣡
ȻоԼ޷;ַǰ
£
ʦ𣬵ȥһˣһҵĸĸ֮¡
ĸĸ
ַ֪;ĸĸ⣬֮ˣĸأпʼѪᡣ
;ҪԭίǴٵġӡַҲûʲôֹ
ΪʦͬˣҲóȥúôˡǷħ񶥼ĴڣĴʼѪں϶ɵħӵƥǿħʵҲСĽЩǿǿħڻǶ֡
ʦģӲΪ
ַ˵ͷ˵˵ˣǻ˻֣;ЩᣬջһҧΪһ⣬ɳء
һߣǷӿٽĿˡ

ৣ
嫵յУַĽעǰСǧ硣Сǧ統УѾķ˼ʱ䡣
ȻԽ˵ʱʲôַýķʱһСǧ磬Ǻѵá
ˣˣһٿ;ɳ۷壬һܹӦ˿ռ䣬ʱ򣬾ջʱˡ
ַţΪôһСǧ籾ԴǷѾѪ
֪ôˣ
ַͷǧķһۣԶǽҲ޷ľλáȻҲûκܹϵַ壬ˣڻڵַҲһ֪
֪λǽ᲻ôġ
˿̣ڣԪߴֻ֡ǣڵĻЩ̫ãЩҵ
Ԫλɶ磬ϮѾ䣬Ѿڶʮһλˣ¡
һλԪ㱨š
ʵüԪ֪ͨ򿪽ͨЩ𶼻صڻڸСǧ綼Ϯ
ĿѾǳȷˣڶԸ
ȥٵСǧе𡢶𣬿¶ȫûؼ˭
˵Уζʲô²⡣
ԭΪնɱǽôԻ£Ӧͣ˭뵽ͣû೤ʱ䣬Ȼֳˡ
ֻǣԪȴп಻ԡַ֪ڻ֪Ҳֻһ˰ˣǾܡ
û򿪽ͨûа취Щӻصǧ磬ֻܡӲ
ûǲСǧ籾ԴˣΪ
Ԫ̾һ
Ҳֻ취ٶһλαҲáαҲǽ˲ݻСǧ磬мԪ٣ʵ⣬һٽûκ
٣ܹͨ򿪣ܹȫĽýһǱޡ
ֻϧڻûα
ˣֻǣһأʱһҪ
ԣһҪ
ߡǶԻҲй޸ˣΪǻһԱ񡰻ڱչأҲܴţֻ
ǻһֱǶڵȴŽĻع顣
ֻмԪĿ⵱ǵ֮ɫ
ԼܲµλĵжôĿ£ܹôǵУӦò¡
ô˵Ľǻշһġ
ֻǣˣԪȴɵģڵĻַİΣַֻţȻŲ¡
򣬻޸ƼʱȻǵһǽǵҲȻ

Ľ㵱Ҫ赲
ڻ⣬λվյС
ȥ߷ô䵱ȷ棬ѵܶȹμԪýΪһӬͷСֵã
Ľ˵
Ľ֪λΰڣѾûжˡ
ȥ漴ɡֻαҲ֪ˮжҪһУҲն㣡
㡭
죬Ľȴʲôû˵Ͼֻαˣ㵽һҲûĽԸ
ΪҲλãĽǲ£
ãһȥ£
ҲǿֱתܿʧӰ
ĽԶĻ̾һϷҲֻôˡ
ĽҡҡͷΪΣ漴ҲʧӰ


1652 ʼ
ʲôҵĸᡣ
;£ɢſֲϢʼѪѾȫΪһ壬۳һ߿ֲħ
ǰ⼸ħÿһλǶħ񣬵ڣȴ;ǰɪɪƺܵв
ԣԣĸ׵ȷᣬĸ׺㸸׵£޹ذǶֻСɫִֻ
Ƕˣԣ
;âһ漴һ֣޾Դ֮˲串סЩħתۼ䣬Щħͱճ˻ҽ
漴;ֱء
ɱ䣬սħȫһһܡλǿħ񣬶;Ķ֡
еλ޵ħ֣Ž;شҲֻش;֪ʲôӣˡ
;ֻĴʼѪеâ֧֣ʵճΪǿħء
һλǿħȻѹ;ȴκβ;ˡ
һϢغ˶Ŀɿڴȫ޷;һ뿪أȻһɳ졣
ٿˣ
ַգĸоյƺѾһ˿˿Ľܺܵܵȷǽ
ǼԪ٣ȴĴʼѪΪӣļԪ١ĵ;ǴٱĹؼǡ
ʵǣ浽Ĵʼ֮Ĳģâ֧;;Ϊǿħ޵ħ񿹺⡣
ڵ;ѳɣ׽ĴʼѪĴʼѪҲͽСǧ硣
٣Ѿ޷⣡
ַȴɳĬûκζеκǿħܳס·û;ĵӡ
ʱֹȥ˰꣬;Ƴ׳ɾͣǿеλ޵дϣѾΪ޵дڡ
ĴʼѪһ޵е޵ħнĴʼѪ϶ΪһںϣΪһȫµѪ
Ѿˡ
;֮ʼѪأһƬǽ壬ע١
ڣʼˣӳ˯ѣһֱش;;ȴûʼâİ֮£ڽĴʼѪİ͸һתΪµѪµʼѪ
λʼ浮ʼ
ʼޱȵ𶯣Ȼ˵λʼ棬˶벻ġ̶ʱڣ;һɳ죬Ժ֮޳˵λʼ棬Ǻεȵ׳٣
һʱ䣬ħ񶼷ˣӵʼ£γһӴ
ǴϾʼ棬ʼվʼ档󲿷Ǻ죬ҲϣҲ룬ҲΪʼ档
ǰǲܣڣʼܱ˿ܡԭͨҲܹΪʼ档
൱Ϊһׯ֮·
ȻǿڼǺˣʼѪΪŦһԾΪСǧӴ
ʼûпһż
ʼʼԼʼʼ֣ԼսʼҲֻʼâûб̬ʼâȻ֧ʼЩ꣬ȴûӦ
ʼĽѡ
˶ڴһսĽһսܾܿʼ֡

һյУʼӴĶʼ
ʼʼͣĶʼ
ʼȴûһ˿ɫڵ;ǡʼˣΪ۷Ĵڡʼ棬治ɫ
һսûаա
ʼĿˡ
Ҳûаգһս޷⣬ǵ
ʼҲ˵֮䣬ʵûʲôޣµ;ĸһЩ£ʼ˵ЩС¡
ȴòսⲻ˽𣬶Ǵǵʼ棬Ҳ޷
ְɡ
ɱ
ûжĻ˫ˡ
ʼâʼ͡ʼʼ棬ʼ絮ʱǾѾ֡ǵֱͨ쳹أΰ㣬ʼһһκˣʼһԵЩǿ
ǿҲֵסˡ

ȻһӰէ֡ʼؿڣһѪѪ䶯ͼ޸˿ڡ˿Уƺһɹǿ赲˿ڵĻָ
âʼâҲˣҲΪҵĵˡ
;鸴ӵĿʼâʼâһŮˣһֱΪŮ˻Ϊһе
Ů˻ΪϧʼΪС
ڣˣס
ʼâһӰһ˫Ŀ;ʹ˵ˣһжˡǶֻӰˡ飬עΪλʼ棬㲻öǸϾɱĴʼ棬һЩìܣȴ֦ͬΪǸһ壬Ļʯְɣټȥûκ塣
;ʹܸ࣬оʧҪ֣Ͳܣܷ֡
ͬĴʼҲܷ֣Ҳǵˣһֱ֧;ʼâ;;֡
;Ѹٵʧ֪ʧˣܵĺܳףģĺܲģãʹԶԶûɡ
ͽߵһѾܲˡڻǵõΪʦĳŵ𣿡
ȻһϤ;͵̧ͷ۾ĿĶĳա
ಣ
УһһӰ
ƮƮǹϢǸģ;ƺһӻصǰֻһ۸ͨˡ
ʦ𡭡
;ţȴޱȵĸӡ


1653 ֣һָ飡
һǿħ񣿡
ʼʦħ񣿡
ᣬһǿħ
ַֺ󣬰ʼЩסˡЩ꣬ʼںʼϵţΪʼ棬ҲûлصءȻҲûټַˣַҲûȥѰҹ;
ͻȻ֣ʼԵЩɻ
ŵҵȻûǵʦĳŵʦ㵽ʲôĿģ
;ʵѾʼˣǰħ񣬶ΰʼ档Щ꣬Щ꣬һֱսϵƸأǿħ񶼻ܲסơַȴƫƫԵúɣƺһ˿Ӱ춼ûС
;Ȼܲλʦ𡱷ǳأǳĲԾԲһǿħһǿħ񣬾ı֣λʼǰ٩٩̸˿ӡ
ǵþͺãѾΣεҲ㣬Ϊʦܰ㣡
ʦң
㣡
ַһֻ߳ǿħûгΪʼ棬ûжԸʼ
ͽΪʦ֪ܸӦʼĺġΪʦʼĺİɡ
ʲôʼĺģ
;ĴʼҲ׷ɫ䡣
󵨣Ȼģ˭Ҳܽ룬ҵʼ棬ý롣
㾿˭ʼĺģʲôͼ
ߣֻǿħҲҵʼ棿
ĴʼһġŭʼֳʼַƺƵǴ˿ܵشʼ޷ֵˡ
ַâһͺһ룡
漴һʼĽҲ͵۾漴һָ
¡¡
һָ£½ֻһָҲǽǽһѰСǧ磬һ٣Ǿͻ˲˲Ԫ١
ַֻһָʼ綼𵴡˶·ܵһɿֲѹĴʼ棬Ϣ
ǡʲô
ʼĿѸµһָֻһָȴȻֲɵֵС
ʼʼҲһеһָþ˵
㡭֮
ڣʼƺһַݡֻǣûκôַһǵУ
䣡
Ĵʼ棬ַһָ֮£û˿ֱָֿ֮顣ͬʱռ׷飬һɺ嫵Ľ˲䱬
Ԫ٣ǰˣ
ڼԪٱһɲǣַָ˲ɢɲմȾһ˿֣ʵҲһðա
Сǧ統Уǽ֮û֣ΪǸʱСǧѾҪԪˣһǾŴμԪ١ǽ֣пܸոս룬ͻᱬԪ٣ܵӰ졣
ʼ磬ַ붼СĽСڼԪټʱ֣ھͽ롣
ȻҲǰ˼Ԫ٣ȴκӰ죬ûմȾһ˿Ҫǣַһ˿꽵٣ʼ統УԪٱҲܴлúô
Ȼַɲָһô
ͻıʣ;ĬĴʼˣͳͳˣһ˿ֵ֮ûУͱѹ촷ۡ
ƺʼ棬һָǰǶôĴ
ʦĴֱʰɣ
;ʵ
ΪʦСǧ磬ֻҪΪʦԸ⣬һͷܴݻ١
ˣһжˡԭǰġħ񡱣;ġʦ𡱣Ͳʲôǿħ񣬶ʼ֮⣬һλΰĴڣһλԶԶ;Ĵڡ
;̾һɵÿЦʦʦԭͽΪʼ棬ѾԽʦ𡣵ڿʦǰͽʲô㡣ˣˣһжȥˣٶˣ綼᳹׻𡣡
ںΪʦ
ޣΪʲôޣͽ֪ٲʦ£綼ᱬͽٵĹؼ˵ޣǾǺͽԼɣûֹ١ʦʼĺģ

ʼĺģͽ룬Ҳ·һκ˽룬·һʦִ룬ͽԵеʦĳŵ
;˿һĲյСԼ䣬ϵ˷ƺͨĳַͨ嶼̲סЩ
Ϊܵһ˿˿˿ռϢĽ˿ռ䣡
ಣ
գۼ䣬;ַʧˣһ̣ǶһƬڵĿռ֮Сǽ˿ռ䣡
˿̵Ľ˿ռ䣬˿񱩵ĽƺƺƵϯû˭ܶ
ʦͽѾ˶ĳŵʼĺġ
;ϴЦݣ˿ռڵĴҲױˣ;˲룬촷ۡ
ӣ;ҲӰˣ˭ӣ˵ӡ
ڽ˿ռ֮ڣ;Ũˣûκá
ַп;뿪Ƭ磬ǰǧ磬ڿȴû˻ᡣ;سŵ˽˿ռ䡣
ܲܵõһСǧ籾Դÿַһ


1654 ʯ
˿ռ䣬ڵ˿ռˣ
ַޱȵļԴӳΪʵѾʲôܹмˡ
Ψн˿ռ䣬һСǧ籾Դеһ˿ڴ뼤
⻹ҪһӿȵĽַҪСǧ籾ԴѶȿ֪Ҫ֪;㣬ʼ棬ȴɵֵסһ˿Ϊ촷ۣ䡣
ַЯֻǿħĵزεֵЩ
ַа취վǽϸһοʱֻ֮ʱַ̡֮
ܲܳɹ͵ÿʱ֮ˡ
ʱճӣ
ַһ˲ʩչʱճӡֻһ꣬Ĺ򣬳ʱ֮޹أܹʩչ
ֻܷеסʩչʱ֮ĸɰˡֻҪûʱ٣תʱգǾ͸ʲôɡ
䣡
˿ռ֮У˽Сǧ籾ԴͲʲôĴڣʲôʲôڽ˿ռ䵱УͲʲô
ڣȴͻأĳһӣһ֣ǳ졢ĳӣبڽ˿ռ֮С
ʱճӣʱ֮Сǧ磬ǧ磬ֻյУʱ֮ܵκӰ죬Ȼ⣬һС
ʱճӵĳַ֣巢֣ЩֱӴʱճ⴩ϯƺʱճӸͲһ
ʱճӣֻҪûʱٻתʱգǾǳȻ⡣һ˸޷ʱճӣ½֮󣬾ͻʱյľͷ
ʱյľͷʲôޣһƬޣʱյľͷޣûʲôӡǳʧ
ַ岻ͬʱ֮ʱճ֮УֻҪصȥʱ٣ǶĸɣΪ㡣
ַʱճӵУԿܺƺƵĽԴԴϵĳ˽˿ռ䣬ŰСǧ硣
һΣǰԪ٣СǧͳŲпܳױСǧ磬ᰴͰ࣬ŴμԪ١
ʵϣСǧ綼ڼֲŴμԪ٣ڵΡĴλߵμԪٵУͱٱ
Ԫ٣Сǧڵ˵ǿ飬ͬСǧ˵Ҳһֿ顣
һͨǾͻ᳹
ַûЩʱճȫӰ죬ôʱճӵУȻҲܵӰ졣
ַĿĿɲʱճӵСԹۡõõ˿ռСǧ籾ԴСǧ籾Դȴ˽飬Сǧ籾ԴС
ַǰҲұ֤ܽӰ졣ֻһٽܵЩĳ˵ͻᱬڶμԪ٣ַûаնȹ
ʱճӣ
ַһδ߶ʱճӣͬˮĲһѸٵţסСǧ籾ԴͬʱҲЩ뵽ʱճ֮С
Ҳһ֡
Ľӿ뵽ʱճӵУʱճԶתҪЩʱյľͷ
ҪַеɣĸɡϾǷǳǿģַҲ֪ܹɵס

ܿ죬ַħ֧ŲסˣѸٵıַ岢⣬ֻһˣǽٵû̫Ĺϵ
Ҫľһ˿꣡
ֻҪ겻ôַһνپͼûκʧŴĽʱճַеҲԽԽᣬ󳹵û˸ɡǰһСǧ籾Դ
ڳˣһСǧ籾Դ
ַҲЩֻǵõһСǧ籾Դô򵥡һ꽵٣ɹĻһСǧ籾Դ
˵꽵٣Сǧʱ֮ȫеģܹõСǧ籾Դ
κλȡСǧ籾Դİ취Ҫס
ȻǰҪʱ֮ûʱַ֮ڶ̶̵ʱڣʼո¶ͷǣ
ûʱ֮;ٶô죬Ӷ;Ϊʼ档һУʱ֮
ûȥˡ
ַһʱճҲ˲ŲƳ˽˿ռ䡣ַٿһܺƺƵĽʼ磬Ѿûˣٱ˭ҲȲˣѾûκμֵ
ǣֱַ뿪ʼ磬ֱӷصʼ֮ĽС
䣡
ع飬һСǧ籾ԴҲ뵽ڵСǧ統Сַһֱûзʯ
ôʱ䣬ȱСǧ籾Դѩ̿ײСǧ籾ԴˣַСǧ磬ҵ𶯣ĹۣγһصĶʯ
ʯˣ


1655 ػص
ʯ
ַ忴Ŷһ޶ĶʯǶʯűʵŽʯУһСǧ磬ȫַСǧĹ֣ʮֵ档
ôһŽʯֱַһŬĳɹһСǧ籾Դټ֮ǰķѵСǧ籾ԴҪһŽʯȷѺѡ
վˡһŽʯôѰҽʯĳˡ
ֻнʯʹãֳļֵ
ǻһλαַյУҲĲ١ûнĵվ޸Ƽ鷳
뿪ˡ
ַ忴һѾٱʼ硣СǧѾ׻ˣַ嶼ûа취ȡ
ַǰԪ٣ʼûжȹǾͺͽһûжȹԪ٣СǧҲΪ
ȻʼַһЩǣַȻ̫⡣ΪԺһܶܶࡣ
ˣ
ַʩչʱճӣ漴һԾʱճӣʧӰ

ǳƲҵħ硣ԭܼ򵥣ڼѾ˿ˣȫڻ֮ڡ
ԭǰСǧ磬Сǧ籾Դ֪һһεԻ𣬵»ʧءȴƫƫòİ취ͨӻһ
Դˣڵ𶼾Щ١
Ԫ𾡹żҲ޿κΣû˿취ǿֶΣվֻ𣬶ǽޡ
֪ʲôʱܷأ
ԪΡ
ˣ
ȻһصĲٵ˼Ԫϡ
ԪҼ
һϤ˼ԪĶУԪһ漴¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫˣڻˣǧΣڽλˡ
ಣ
Ԫ𼸺һʱ˵ҵСȻҵУԪһ۾Ϳ˻ַ塣
£ˣ
Ԫĳž޴ѹַĻع飬һеѹɢˡ
Ԫˣ˵˵°ɡ
ַ֪뿪ʱ䣬϶ܼ尾żԪĽַͣɫ
Ȼûֱӵ֤ݣЩԵܾǽӰ졣ַȷǽ϶Ѳϵ
ַ岻һֱ򣬱Ͼоǽв¾ǽֱӳ棬һЩ棬ַ嶼һܿס
ûַĻǼֽģһơĿǰĵ̣ǳĲ㣬ȱ˽
αһλαܹºܶ࣬ǰصÿǷǳĴ
Ԫ㿴ʲô
ַԭһЩԥڣ֪˻ĴַҲκεԥֱó˽ʯ
ˣ
ʯַУɢһĲԪһŶʯͱסˣͺʯһεס˼ԪĿ⡣
⡭ǽʯ
ԪˣҲûмʶˣһǶʯǶʯǶʯԪ𶼼˲١
ھһſƼ޵ǶʯһֶʯԶԶûǰŶʯôֺ롢ƴƺɲϢ
·ŶʯڣſֲԼһСǧƵġ
ǽʯӵСǧӵСǧ磬ӵӴ
ôһССĶʯܹһλ
ȻαֶΣһٽûκ𣬳ֻ޷ݻСǧ磬޷ʵˡ
Щʹ˶ʯƿ˵ΪαеռĿˣ
ҲѹּԪ˵ļʯҲڣͳǰ
ǽʯԪ𣬱Ŷʯ㣬жٰգΪ
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£Ѿﵽ۷壬Ѿ޿ɽһ˵ʹýʯֻҪڵĽ֧ŵסǻûʲô̫Σա
ãΪ㻤뾡ΪֻΪ˽֮ǰЩСӭж⣬Լܽ
Ԫĳȣ˵ͷ漴ӹַеǿŽʯĿ꣬ǳΪαˡ
ڣǰԪȻ
ǣԪ˿ֱӽŽʯڽС


1656 α
¡¡
Ԫڽ򣬷šǿŽʯ󣬼Ԫڽͷ˷츲صı仯
˲䱻˺ѣƺٱżԪеһУ뵽ǿŽʯ󣬾һɹȫµĹȫڽ֮ϵĹ
СǧĹ
˵ַСǧĹ
Щ򣬹һСǧĿܣȴܼԪƿءЩӽʯںϵ˼ԪڽУƾڽıЩܿ͹һܣ󣬽ʯ͵ը
˲䱻˺ѣšƺƵĳ˷ŰţԪڽ򣬸ɿֲǰ˲˰ٱǧ򱶡
һڼٵţĿʼˡݱ䡱
˵Ͳǡݱ䡱ַֻСǧġ桱ȫַСǧһģһ
ַСǧȶĴڣǶСģ塱ַѾ֤ڵСǧǾȶ԰ȫ
ˣַСǧΪܵĽʯһݻСǧ磬Ƿǳȫģκ⡣
ʱƣԪڵ𶯿ʼƽڽ򣬲֪˶ٱ򱶣򱶡
֮ԪܵȻͬĿֱֲ޾ֱΰޱߡ·ʲôǰҲܱ촷ۡ
ߣ޵Уΰǽ
ͬʱַҲܵһСǧ缸һģһϢңǳĶأ·ܿסԪڵСǧ
ֻҪһԪСǧ磬ͻ᳹ױҲ˵һ䣬ռԪ
ԭˡ
ַȻֻ족αΪЩαôķġÿһλαǵұۣĸ
ΪαȫڽСαʲô֪һαԶҲᱳĽҼ뱳ҲѲˡ
˵αӰӣʵҲС
ǰˣϡ
Ԫ𣬲ӦóƺΪԪˣҲǳĸпȻǰַ壬һλǽ¶׽ΰ
ֻԼΪ˽׽ΰ
ϲԪճɽ
һжǽµĹ͡
ԪַУѵͷУַǰЩҪ
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ַоâһȻԪѾΪ˽ôַͿģ֡ˡ
Ԫһ£ǳ˵ҵ飬ʵһЩǣ߾ȫһģӦǷ

ԣķһλٽƶٽȵμԪˡңһλα統Уһһλ𣬶Ǳնɱ
ַ˵ͷԺҲ˼ŷϢ
ڷַʵǳİû̫Ϣֻ֪һλٽƽʱַҲûʲôΪλŴΪѣ
ַ뵽˾ǽ
ǽõóʲô÷֣ϾͨƿߣһǡǡܹýĵģֻСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾ԴǾǽȱޱȣôóȥ
ѵΪǽ
ַһЩ²⣬Щֻǲ²⣬ûеõ֤ʵ
ܴǵ̡ǵ̫ˣʧأѾʧȥСǧнʸ񡣡
ԪҲء
ַɫһԪ¿µԳ֡ǰɣ磬вٷոճΪҲ˽٣ȻˣǾӰɡ
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ӣ㲻ܽ٣Ҳ޷ٶȽ٣𶼱նɱˣһʣˣǾʹݻɡ
ʲôݻ磿ǿɻǡ
ΣǽαҲǽһŭݻһСǧʲôߣѵЩΪһЩ𣬾͸ΪУģֻҪǻţһ壬˭ҲҰô
ַЦһɢɭɱ⡣
λΣҲὫСǧСͷ·ѭСǧ磬飬λ⣿
ǿߵУ²⽫ߵϣϵĲ࣬ǲɱ⣬ųΪϡ
ȥɣԪǻˣ
ǣ£
Ԫ˿ЩأҲƺһ˿˷ܣֱ뿪˻סλãֱ뿪ǧ硣


1657 һСǧ磡
磬ཱུߡһȽӴСǧ磬ѾμԪ٣ڣߴμԪҲԶˡ
𣬶׷׵Ľ٣ʼ֣ĵȴżԪٵ٣ʱ򣬾ܳСǧ籾Դˡ
ȻҲٲǵֱ֮˾ռߣ䡣
ĻλնɱȻҲһЩܿʽˡ
統УӪҲӴ󡣴ӵһμԪٿʼѾٵ統УνǸٹ̡ÿһμԪ٣ΪزٵСǧ籾Դ
һնɱλ𣬷𣬻ЩġǵȻģǿǻ𣬶Ұԡ
¾뵽˽֮ĶУҪ֪֮ĶһУҲǱɡ
ΰĽ֮ĶʸûСǲ𣬵ȴ½뵽֮ĶзǵıΣĽ֣ǣֻͬһͲѴ֮
ҺãϴǶԻǶֺ󣬻ĽûκζӦǱѹסˣҲͽķ
һһҪȫСǧ籾Դ£ɹȹμԪ١
һȹμԪ٣һ˿ܣڶŽʯʱǾͶлõڶŽʯˡ
һŽʯáһΣҲֵˣϾǿ缸Ԫʱˡ
ǵСĽһЩһЩڵ磬ɲֹһҶ󡣡
ٺ٣ʲôϴնɱλû£𶼿ǻҺ
ǣλӳ̶ȡ統УҲǵ֮ĵһ
һζԻλ֣Ȼǽӵ˽նɱλ𣬻ġ塱ס
һμԪ٣Сǧ籾Դǵջ񲻻С
٣˵Ľûκټˣΰķ
ǵȻȻնɱǽǽֻһٽǵķҲնɱ
뱨Ҳûе̡
ȻڷڶʱСǧ綼صһֺ޴
ɱһ𡣱Ԫݻٴ˷磬ϳͲ
ʲô
˶Ŀɿڴգ֮⡣
ֺ޴þûصϿգͬʱһֻɢŵɫƣ·޴󣬾Ȼס磬ǹɿֲѹɪɪ
綼ѹƵ˼㣬·ٱ
⡭ǽ
ǽȫһ
ĽǻǼԪ𣬲ˣ˽α
ΰ£
յУֻױȵľ޴ƣ˾ʧ룬Ҳʧ롣
ʲôЦǿǽԶְαȴǻʵĽҪݻһСǧ磬ײˡ
һݻ٣ôˣͶҷ
˭Ҳ벻Ȼ˵ġҡǽһ򾡣ҲŹˡ
Ҹӿµǣô̵ʱڣȻһŽʯüԪΪ˽ʵ̫˼ˡ
ʵǰɲǲš
Σ֪ͨĽ
ֻǣŭȴֻзķΪֱӸ£ҲֱӸҲαǸЩµġ
ʲôԪ˽Ҫݻ硣
ĿɿڴôҲ벻鷢չô졣ȻҲαһλα£µǻĽڰУ˭ҲҲ
ε壬˭С
󵨣Ԫ㲻ݣ
۾·Ѫ죬˲ʧ˷С

ɡ
ԪСǧȫһһܴݻСǧ硣ΰüԪе𺳡
ĴͨΰֶΣ
¡
żԪƺݺ£ʱ·𡰱һţ綼ѹ֮£˲׷׻Ϊ촷ۡ
ʱдһ
Ԫһ磬㲻ݣ
ԶƺƵصյС


1658 Ȼĸҳ֣
䣡
ԶһӰͻأĳڼԪǰʱһжѾˣԪһѾѾˡ
ˡ
Ԫֶ֣ƽĿ֪ȻöΪҲֻααҪʵǳǳѡھ޷£Ҫʵ͵һЩֶʵ
ʲôܶԽã
ˣͳΪαԪȴη塣
Ԫôң
ıѿѾ˱УѾˡɫ࣬ĶżԪ
û뵽ԪȻˡҡֱӾͶ綯֡Ǵݻ磬лв𣬾ôֱӴݻˣ
˵ⲻǼԪңǼԪıλңȻѾʼ˷ҷǳһٴ硣Ҫ֪ǷСǧ籾Դȹ̵Դ֮һȴֱӴݻˡ
Ѿݻ٣Ҳ޷ȡôΣǲܵ¡
ĿⶢżԪϵСǧۣ֮漴Ԫû뵽Ҳ˽Ҳãձһ¼ԪֶΣ
һ̣ɱ⡣
Ҫֽ̣
ԪҲ֪޷ˣȻˣҲ
䣡
λȻֻαȴһٽ٣չǽһս޴
ңҲûκˣд֡СǧײನƺƵ˷ɢȥ
ҺѾݻˣĻһСǧ磬Ҳᱻǵನشݻ١
˶̫󣬶ݻ٣ûüͨӻԼҵ𣬾Ѿ类ݻˡˣʵǼԪԼ൱ŭ
ҲֻŭˡǲΪͷԪ˾٣һл
ֱ̫ˣֱӾͳִݻһСǧ磬Ŀֱָ˭֪ʲôԭ
ǰʱ䣬֪ô£Իȵ̫ݣСǧеһ򾡣ȫɨ
ԭΪһֱûж˭뵽˸ңǲ֣ʱδһ֣˵ĸҡ
һʱ䣬ЩԾϾ߸ϣ˼Ԫ٣ͲκΣա
˾٣Ƿģýɵ
ַ˾٣Ҫˣ׸Ǻ޷֮ǼˣҲƴġ
ǣţܸҡһοʧˣҪȥòʧ
ٺ٣ǽϵУΣҪ䵱ȷ棬ܻʲôôˣλǷǳСģյУû˭ܹҵλá
һ죬һŽʯüԪΪ˼ԪһλαǼǸǡ
ǷĲϧһдۣݣĻֶԸԪƾһˣκβ˼Ԫ
ڷ׷ۡ
Ԫ֮ȭ
ƣ
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ʤģСǧ֮
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ӲӲѾֹһˣԪȴƾУ˭Ҳκβ˭ǵĻָ˵ҹսꡢʮ꣬¶ֲʤ
ҪնɱԷǸǲܡ
Ͼ˭ӵʱ֮ĻַնɱǽͲᱻôעˡ
Ҷκβ˶ԷҪȥ𣿡
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ߡ
һȻû˵ȴϸӦܵաûиӦ˼ԪκνϢ
˵ַ壬ûڼԪĸ
ķҲ޷ַľλãսȥλֳʤʵҲûж塣
Ԫ㱳Ļһֱȥʲôվʧ磬ʵҷǾţ֮һëû̫ʧǻǿһλƿ߶뽵ˡ޷٣Ǿ޷õСǧ籾ԴôأڶμԪٶȲȥ
Цһ˵
ôܲܶȹڶμԪҲȴ֪տ֮Σ
Ȼһ𣬻ص֮УǾ͵̧ͷĶǰա
Ȼĸҳ֣
һһ䣬ϵı˾ɡ


1659 ٣
ʲôˣ
ǡǵȷǻ
֮У˭ҲҲôҳ֣
·˵ľǻĳ֡Щˡ
ͻȻֵһӰΰڶڰн󲿷ֶܾȣ˭Ҳ벻ַʱ֡
Ͼ˭֪Ǿ͵ַ֡
£ôˣߣϽߣ
ԪܳԾͬʱҲż֪ڵưոݣַȴڴ˿Ǹ˷᣿
ϾǶٽ
ַĿƽʵһֱڸԴӻع֪˻ĴǾٲά衣
һΣأһ㡰ݡȥһλع飬ûл֪ˡ
˿Ļŵȴַĳ֣׹ѣýʱȴһЩݻ˵ˡ
ַ棬ɲٴַ̼塣ϾַնɱħնɱľˣԶҲҵַԿ
ɱ
ַȴûжķϻĿֻһǾնɱһλαնɱҲӦ÷΢ѡһˡ
ڷҲ񣬶Իַ֣ҲӷŷҪΪǸͲ㡣
ַΪԼƴΪʲôΪ˴ӾǽõһĺôַĲݣǲǵòʧ
Ȼǰַûбס
ĻַһƾͶȻ޴棬ķա
ʱճӣ
ַһǾɱУԥֱʩչ˳һƺƵʱճӣ˲ס

ƴ֪ǽַʱճ֮¡ʱ֮Ѿǧ繫ˡ
˭ַ֪ʱ֮նɱ
Ԫ֮ȭ
ַ嶯֣ԪʱҲһйǣڵСǧ֮Ҳһȭ
ǶԸַһ˵ʱճӣЩӦڣܵ˵ļлʱһʱ䶼û֧סͱ뵽ʱճ֮С
ҡ
ţһ뵽ʱճ֮У³Σǽ֪ˣĽ޷ֵοα
ַʵһЩ٣ʯַСǧ磬һЩš
ֻһ㣬ȴַ֪ʵСǧ缴ûмԪ٣Ҳţֻŵĺܻ
ַһۿʱճ֮еϵϢѸٵ˥Զȵǽ˥Ҫ졣ϾĽαҪǿ١
ʱ䣬Ѿʱճ֮УҲֻʱ⡣
ˣ
ַ͵̧ͷӦһɿµϢѸٵĿһգ۾Ѿַǰ
䣡
Сǧ֮ƺƵСǧ֮٣ҪַСͬʱһɻֺը졣

ԪһϳӰݡ
Ƿ
ٽ
ԶȵǽҪǿö࣬ĺܿ죬ַĵһʱ͸ˣֻվǳһ㣬ַٶȣ뵽ʱճ֮С
Ҳˣһ£ԡ
ٽǿɲһٽ鷳ˡ
̫ˣҲ̫ˡһλٽѴ֮ѹһٽ˫ϵĲ̫̫࣬ˡ
ôͳַ֣廹ûߡͶҡҡͷȻ֮ɱЩͲ֪ǿ
֮ҲǿģҶྭһ٣ǲֱر
ֲСǧ֮סַ壬ԪҪַһԿһۣӴСǧ֮ѹüԪá
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꣡
ַСǧ綼Ѻۣ˿ǶٽҪѾˡȻʶ˷ֶΣҲûźˣʹ˱һμ棬ٺúдһ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
յеʱճӣ͵ıǡɢɹâַ漴̤뵽ʱճ֮Уһգ۾ʧӰ١
·СǧѹգҲûκãַʹǰЩйսĽǰϢʧˣûκһ˿ۼ
ʱ𣿡
һ˿âš


1660 һСǧԴ
ַʧˣֻʣ˼Ԫŷλٽַ˼Ԫֻš壡
ԪҲףˣ̹Ȼŷ
ĿƽĿżԪȻնɱԪϾַҲնɱһնɱ˼Ԫôַ;ǲˡ
ǰǲݣôʵҲ̫⡣һһǼǲȣַ壬ַҲնɱ
ֻǣһΣַǰ棬Сǧ֮ѹ֮£ȴʩչʱճӣϢߡѾף޷նɱַ壬ΪٽҲնɱַ塣
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˵ֱ꣬Ӿ뿪ˡ
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ǷһŽʯһλαٶʱڸͲˡ
ȻʹȻ߸ϣ˭ۣҷĺסַ壬ȻΣβʹ˰֣
һǲѡˡ
ŷʧԪҲ˿ڷǰѹܴ󣬱ϾԷöٽ˭֪᲻ᱩŭһдۣնɱˡ
ڿ㻹ǵģ鷳ƺһӶˣһκûжһ鷳ˡ
ǣԪҲ뿪ˡ
żԪ뿪СעһսĽǣһҲԺתͷ
һսǡ۽硱
ǰַֻ֪壬ʱ֮ƺֺСֻһٽȻնɱħѪӣնɱǽûôնɱҲһٽʵ
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ڲһˣ棬ȫԸĳ֣ȴûַ壬ǾͲͬˡַܴӷߣôҲܴǵߡ
һλǿ˵زĽ˭ҲС
ǣһЩѾȥ£ҪԻ
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ڶУһϤӰһţ漴ʧ

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ͻȻ֮䣬һƾճ֣ţһӰĵĴӳһӷ˳漴ʧӰ
ǿٶһʱ䣬Ҷ֧Ųסˣٽһ֮Ȼô󣬼ֱر𡣡
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ڽֻǳѹû˼
ҲַһٽٽĲ࣬ʵ̫ˣĿǰַڶٽǰֻܿʱճӱ
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ʱճ֣µĽҪԸңܡ򲻹Ҳߣ㹻ǣô¶᲻֮
ַ˼ţһ֣֮ʵǿ׼ˣɱʱճӣסЩĽ
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Ͼһλ߽ٽڱƲַҲò
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ַϣʱ֮أⲻᶯġ
ˣʵҪġ
ַСǧ統УҲΪʵУò׳Ϊ˽ÿԷһЩˡмԪ٣ʮַ꣬˵ʵ̫̫ãû뵽ֱַĽ
ý٣һνٵʼ磬̫Сˡֻõһ籾ԴСǧ㹻ǿһ൱ڼСǧ籾Դ
ַҲͷѾڽõһСǧ籾Դˡ


1661 ҰĲٴν٣
ĥ󿳲񹤣ȱľСǧ籾ԴǴСǧ籾ԴѾһŽʯüԪΪ˽ڻҲܰĵˡˣһΣҪĿģǶȡСǧ籾ԴܹȡʮСǧ籾ԴӶһٶȹڶμԪ٣
ַҰĲ˲ͬͬõ˴Сǧ籾ԴҲĵȴżԪٵı
ַȴʱֻ֮ҪԸ⣬ôһСǧ統УͻᱬԪ١
һֻҪ㹻Сǧ籾ԴôַܺܿȹڶμԪ٣Ϊٽ
ֻǣһҪȹڶμԪ٣ҲҪ˷Сǧ籾ԴϡҪȷкܴİգٵʮСǧ籾Դϡ
ˣַһεĿ꣬ݶΪʮСǧ籾Դ
ǿɲÿμԪ٣ȥһЩСǧ籾ԴʮСǧ籾Դڶ£ڶ٣ǵأʮСǧ磬ķһԪʱ䣬ҲֻܵõʮСǧ籾Դˡ
ַһԣõʮСǧ籾ԴѶж
ȻһԵõʮСǧ籾ԴҲǲܡһСǧ籾Դֻһ׼һͨСǧ籾ԴΪ׼
ʼ磬ַ͵õһСǧ籾ԴСǧ磬ʼӴʮأǼпܣʮϵСǧ籾Դ
ȻǰܹõСǧ籾Դһ㣬١ĽٽûκΰաΪûаյõСǧ籾Դˣڶǲáķʽµ𡢶ǽһһ磬áۻȡСǧ籾Դ
ַЧ̫ͣСǧ籾ԴҲ̫٣ʱķ̫ʺַ塣ַ廹٣ӶڶʱڣôСǧ籾Դ
һΣһӴСǧ磡Ӵٵñʼϼʮϡ
ַһҰĲҪֱӻʮСǧ籾ԴǾ͵һ㹻ӴСǧ硣
Сǧкܶܶ࣬ǧĽǣոһյ㣬긴һĽ٣Ҳ޷ŪжСǧ硣
ƺСǧڻͬʱҲڵƺҲ޾
ַ֮岻ΪСǧ緳գҪյ㹻ӴСǧ硣Ͼûκһ˿꣬ȫƾ㣬Ѷ֮󣬿֪
ѶٴҲҪĥ󿳲񹤣ַԸķʱ䣬һӴСǧ磬ҲԸ⽵һͨСǧ硣
ǣַ忪ʼ㡣
ûκһҲû꣬Һãַ廹׼Ǿ㹻Ӵ󡱵Сǧ磬ǳӴ
㹻Ӵ󡱣ʵѾһˣҲ̫ĻҪܳʱ䡣ַҲ㡣
һꡢꡢꡭ
ַһ㣬԰ƣڽУʱ䣬¸Ͳʱ䣬ܶǧʱˡ
ڣַֹͣ㡣
ˣʱ䣬ܹȽϺʵСǧ磬Сǧ磬ʵȥһ
ַķʱ䣬ҲջġСǧ磬ȽϷַı׼ַȥһ
ʱճӣڸ·棬ܼ
ಣ
ʱճַ֣ʱճ˳һױȣǳӴСǧ硣Сǧ磬ַҲһֵѹȸоͨСǧȻͬ
Сǧǿ
ַɫأλýеһ˿вĸоСǧжôӴ
ϸһӦСǧ磬ȻѾ˰˴μԪ٣һΣռԪ١
ַЩɡ
ռԪ٣ֲ̫СǧӴвַ꽵ٶΣա
ַҲ޷֤꽵ٰٷְٵİȫЩʱռԪٱַʱճӶ뿪
ǣַȥ˵ڶڵСǧ硣
ЩСǧ磬ص㣬ʵַͦı׼ǵһСǧ磬Ҳðա
ǣַɴཫСǧľλ꣬εļסȻסʵҲû̫ãΪСǧλãʱʱ̶̿ᷢ仯еٽ룬Ϊһ㣬ſʱСǧľλá
ַҲûϵοҲô鷳ַסλ꣬һλΪķһʱ䣬ܹλá
գַѡ˵Сǧ磬ΪһٵĿ꣡
Сǧ磬ϣʼʮƾްԡңֻμԪ٣ԶԶûеռٵĵز
ۺϿַûǱȽϺʡ
ϣһΣ˳ôСǧ籾ԴӶȹڶμԪ٣Ϊٽ
ַ˿һεĽ٣νǼ˺ϵܷٶȹڶμԪ٣Ϊٽ
ǣҲԥ̽һ꣬Ϊһ⣬ӴСǧ硣


1662 壡
ˣ
ַ꣬СǧʱַȻ䣬о˴˷ϮĿֲѹѹ֮ǿֱ˼ΪһٽȻܵļ¡
ȻôӴѹǱʼҪӴʮþҵһˣ¶ᶼ뾡졣
ַСһʼ粻ͬһΣȻҲʼ磬ʼҲһ˿˿ų⣬ʵѹûС
Ͼַһٽľ磬һͨСǧ磬ֶɻʼַܸһѹ
һβһεСǧ磬ʼ綼ҪӴʮȻȻѹҲӴʮַһ꣬Ȼܵ˺ܴѹ̵ʱڣѸٵҵ壬Ļܲʱһַⲿ궼ܵˡ
ַ弱е·ȥȻһ򣬶֮ǳУһͨ
ȻһƼ磡
ǿѹƣˣøϽѰ塣
ַкɻʣʱҲķʽ¶СǧĹϵ֮£ˣҵһ塣
Ӥ߸֮áֱӶҲУֱӶᣬٻһЩ鷳õӤ֮ˡ
ַڸɨһɨûɨӤһҽԺУӦһɸոŵϢ
ˣ
ַ¶˾ģ漴һˣֱӷɽҽԺС

ʥҽԺΣ
ʮ֣ڲϣϲ˸ָ״ҽ֤æµš
⣬мⲽƺԵúܽ
εεΣ
д˼ٵҽɫһ䡣
Ѹʧ
ֹͣ
ҽǲ˸ȴʩƺûκá
û취ˣڵܴ̫أƺһЩƣ޸Һ޷޸ǻܵˡ
Ǿ֪ͨɡ
ҽҲˡ
ৣ
ʱ˼ƷӣĮ
˭ңϽȥ
ҽǴǳ⡣
ѾϵҽݣǶҪߡңǲ֪ͨκϵƣǵ۹ܡ
ʲôǡ
ҽǿЩİ˳ʾ֤һɫ䣬ٶ졣
ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽һգۼ˲͵˲ϵ֡
εεΣ
ҽʱǳ١ҽһĶܾ㵣ղſѾ
ȣȣ
ָָ
߿ʼ֡
ҽǵȣϵ־Ȼ漣֡˹ȵҽǻعʱ֮ǰǼⲿŵˣѾʧӰ֪ʲôʱ뿪ҡ
˼ħ˷ˣȻ˹ʱҪֵܼһС
صҽԺС
˿̣ϣַѾռߡ֡ⲻǶᣬ׼ȷ˵еڡ롱Ͼġ֡ʵովѾˣ֮ٴΡΪַ롣
뵽ֵַ֮о޴ڵѹƺһӼ˲٣Ȼɻһ˿ѹ겻뿪΢΢˿
ԣйŹ֣ףˣ
ַܿͷ˲Ծǿǿͨ˶ԣ޷ġǱСǧѹ˴룬ʣµһС룬ǿĿ¡
һ뵽ֵ֮УȻֵںǣ޸ͿʼˣʱַŷֵܲѰȻǻıƺһֵ֡
ȻǻˣַĽ˵Ͳʲôַ嶼û꣬ûֵָƣֵȴѾǱĬ֮£޸ˡ
һ졢졢졭
תۼ䣬ʱȥˡʱ䣬ַҲŪĿǰݡ
֣ʮ꣬бˣҵδ顣ĸĿǰסṩסУȡľȼáΨһİþǸ񶷣񶷰ߡ
ò˵ֻıȽңֱΪ桱һˡҲʲôɣȫȼá
ڿƼ߶ȷǼ£ûġϣġ桱
֡Ҳֻиסĸһͬĸáֺ͸׼ͥϵܽţ϶ϵͻġܶԸټġˡ
ЩС£ַ岻⡣ϸΡʱȴȻ֣һοհ׵ļ䣬ô䣬ƺ޷Ĺ̡
˼һЩܰƺһЩ˵¡
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡ


1663 
ָֻĲַİص˶ָܻ
磬ĿȻǽ˿ռ䡣һ˿ռ䣬СǧģҲҪĵط
ַûٵĿģΪ˽˿ռ䣬õСǧ籾ԴˣӦոճ뿪ͻ⵽Сǧļѹ
Сǧ磬ʵ̫ӴˡһٽҲ˵ַ٣ƻĻҪٵСǧ磬һ¡
ȻַΪǼһСǧζȲϡһַ꣬廹ʼ޼ɵǸͲܡ
úķһʱˡҪҵ˿ռ䣬ֵĵײݿɲУٵýӴĺĽײ㡣ڵʵ̫ҲһЩ£һЩԱֶΡ
ַԺתͷǾĿǰȫûһ˿ԱֶΡ뾡ֵʵӵһЩԱֶΡ
ֻǣַǧһЩзţƺûκôˡֻеƺһЩá
к壿
ƿߵ֮ĹûУҲ˵޷ƿߡ
Сǧ磬治С綼ʺУʼ磬ǱȽϲˡ磬ûе
У¾ͲᷢչΪƼˡ
ĿƼǿǿһϵܻ𣬿ƼѾչ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ֻǣʼϵǿʵţ޷ȣΪ򶼲ͬ磬ʼǵ磬ƣʼͣŻ棬˻Сǵ磬ܷһ˿СͲˡ
˵սһЩʼ͡
ô˵Щţȴʵǿսܻ򣬵ȥʼ磬ʼĹƣɶɲ
ڲ֮ͬ£޷ȣͬôȣ
ֻнСǧĹϵˣκСǧ統жͨ衣
ǽǵλȻԭ
Сǧûа취𣿻˵ûа취֪ǿ𣿲ʵа취Ұ취ܼ򵥡
ǾСǧ໥ײַǰڵСǧһСǧײʱ˭ĹǿôܸǸķΧǿһ̶ȣֱӡ̡һСǧ硣
ȻȻǿһ֮СǧеȻǿ
ˣǱȵСǧĹСǧʼײĻʼᱻֱѹ˿֮ûС
ַԺϸǧһЩ֮ʱһŮӣĸԸУҽԺУ
֣ⱲѵԵ棿
Ůһ벡ͷˣ
ַ忴һŮˣԺһӸֳ˶ԷϸϢŮͬĸã˵һҴ˾еְܲӢŮˣ棬֪˶ٱ
ȼţҵ£òġ
ַ嵭˵Եģƺ˿ûȼš
ڼУַ֪ͼĹϵܲãƵǡ䡱Դӡ֡ﵽ˷Ҳʮֱ꣬Ӿ뿪˼ס
Դ֮ʮʱ䣬δٻعСǲļңԴĸѾûмˡ
ƽĶۣʵ״ĸҲδ֡ǸĮ˽լ棬˵ĸܣ
һȥȻͺͼˣֶãθɣ
ȼЩŭɫܲÿһֱӶһŵַ˵ǸҸ㰲ŵĹȻԱҪƷʣ͵ȥѵһӶԵȥȥ㡣
˵꣬ȼžֱ뿪ˡ
֣Ǻܿˣһˡϻв٣ǻԵͲȥ
Ǹ׿ధȼŲΪַġ

ַɨһֽϵĵַʾƻšƺһڹ˾һûѧֻˣȥʲô֣ҵԱ
˾ƺҲȼŵĹ˾ΪֵĹҲһЩ˼ֻǣַᣬֱӽֽӽͰ
Ȼַ岻ȥȼŵĵַԺһ˿С
ȻǧϵƺУԴĻǾ͵򣬵úķʱ䡣
ȻˣβһЩϵΪƵʺзţ
뵽ַ̾ԺѰ


1664 
Ϊ񶷰ߣȷһЩ񶷵ĶֻǣЩ̫ǳˣֻһЩ档
棬У
ѾûнӴˣ
ַϸ룬񵱳ҲڵһԾǨңŽӴ棬ڴ֮ԾǨĴ࣬ԽԽӴ󣬼Ѿûκá
ң֡УЩ񶷾ֲֻһЩӣûʲôǮȼãǮܱϻߴǮΧͲˣѧʲô
û̫Ķڻ硣磬˿гΣָܸԴϢ
Ȼм٣͵ÿַԼֱˡ
УڡıۣΪˣԲϵĽʵǻϵĽ磬ǿĻսʿܵ˺սӲСսڡ
ǼѾǼˣҪһλǿĻսʿۼ߰
ַⷴһЩѣԺһ˿⡣
ԾǨ𣿡
ַԺһ֮ʼǵһԾǨԶҲûǣʼ֮·ǴԾǨʼ
ַͬڵСǧ磬󣬸ָзʽС磬ֻÿƼ΢۲ϣûͻ䣬ʵֻǿС
ңԾǨȹ̶̳ȣ»ǳѡԽѣôһԾǨķȾԽ
ԾǨý
ַ忴һܣסԺܽʲô
мܳԺˣڵǿȹ˼һ£׸ýʲôӶɵһԾǨ
̫СˣѾȲҪǿ
ַԿƼ磬Ҳ˽⡣磬ֻҩˮҪ̫󡣶ҲǷ˻ҩˮܽзǳϸһ͡
ȻǿƼֶΣеֶΡ
ַΪýȻİ취
ˣų̼ĻӶʵԾǨ
ַķ˼ʱ䣬һְ취Ƶγһȫµзš
ųУ֮Ϊ
֮ʵҲСⱾųġڻεɱ䣬ӶԾǨ
ȻַֻƵ˵һ㣬ҵûЧַ廹ʵһֻˣַܼƵڶ㡢㡣
ڻҽԺַҲûԣȵԺȥһ
ַ˳ԺڽԺģһҲûУƺĸһˣ֪ǣɴû
֡ĸҲˡ֡һǮַԥһ£ˡɲԭġ֡Ǯòɵӡ
οƵһ㣬ҪǮ
ţ
ַոճԺѾܵĬĬĸֻûиҿԶԶĸţƺڼһһ
ǳ鷳ֻǸţӦֻǼӡ
ַһ䡣
û뵽ոս٣鷳ˣԭ밴Ͱ࣬һڿʱҴþʵٵԱ֮Ȼˣ͵Ѱ塣
ַסѷӣṩģʩһӦȫȻ΢Сһ㣬Ҳǿס
صסַԸӦһӰûмţεĵطӡ
ַûԱ֣֮ѹƣòʧǣûˣǿʼһ㡣
ˣԾǨҪ޷вֻܿӪҺˡ
ַ磬һѵӪҺͳͳǸӪҺҲҺĸһǮĻ⵰
ˣôӪҺҲַǮˡ
Ӧòˡ
ַ忴ĸӪҺ˵ͷ漴˿ϥ˿С
һ㣬ǾųȻܴģųпܱ
ֻǸıһ㣬пܵġ
ǣַ廹һλý걻ѹƵҲܶһһѾ㹻ųˡ
ַһųܸܵųֺô󣬳ſֲֻıһ㣬ֱַϡ
䣡
¥һ£Ϊǵ𣬵ʵϣֻų΢ıһ㡣ܰٷ֮ʮŵųַϣʣµһ㣬Ҳ¥̶ͬȵܵһӰ졣
ʼˣһ㣡
ַֹˮŴų֮ʼ̼Ļ


1665 ԾǨһ㣡
һҾսϣһĿߣһ˿¶ϣϷ·̺ſֲ˾η
ȴֻһλԱһλʿ
ᲩʿʮʵѾɹѣĿǰмأҪץһ𣿡
ĻϣһŮʵ
Ŷʮʵ壬Ҽǵһܵħ˷ͨ˰ɣˣ
ǣʿǸ˻ˡȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵Ŀǰûгʲô⡣
Ჩʿһ۲죬ڻץʱħ˵ܹ죬ǵʵ壬ɹһɶһͨˣȻܹмأʲô쳣ʱ档
õģʿ
ᲩʿǼ¶һ˿Цݡ֪Ϊʲôָоġʵ塱ܴоشͻơ

ͣ
һ죬ʵϣַûзκ죬죬ǻϵ춯
ųһųַڣҲַϸӣһӱ̼ˡ
ǣַÿһϸ·ġһɷǳα仯ַÿһϸš
ˣ
ַ۾ȻЦݣȴھΣڳ鴤һرˡԾǨƺף𵱳ַʱǧŵһԾǨڣַֻƵһųͳɹĵһԾǨ
ƺЩ񻰡ȴַֻһܹɹַ壬˭ųһ㣬ͽͨ
ö
ַÿʱÿ̶ڷű仯ԾǨǴڶ⣬ǴϵȻ뵱ַԾǨִһϣԭһġ
ԾǨ磬ԸѹƵļǿʼʼҲΪͨ˺϶١
κ磬ȫԴܻһӡĿӣԴԾǨ
֮࣬ƺ̺Ų˼ĿֲأֻҪһһ⿪ְأȻȻܻǿ
һԾǨַֻ˵һ롣ҪԾǨҪ
Һãȶڻ˴ĸӪҺǣַһһ޵ĸӪҺ̳
ÿ̳һӪҺֱַϵƺһࡣѪܡƤ⡢ǣϸȫλĶǿȡ
һ屶ʮ
ַ׵ĸоڷɿţԶͨʮϡ

ڣַԹеĸӪҺֻ뱥ɿ
Ԥ󣬿ϵԾǨлҪֲȻҪôǳԣȻ㲻ˡ
ַʻɱ䣬ԾǨĸ콫һʱ䡣ûгôַԾǨЧҲͽۿۣ޷ԾǨ
ҪǮǮ
ַȻǸ߸ϵĽȻٵСǧ統Уͻס֮£ԾǨǰ¶õǮǴǮһЩ취
飡
ַ취ʱŴַ˴ţһĸߴӡ
˹
ӽ˹Ҳַļ䵱Уǡ֡ھӼѡϵġ桱
֮ԳΪѣԴڹͬİá
ף֣⼸춼ڼңʲôȥˣ
˹ʵ
ҽԺ
û°ɣ
û¡˹Ҹʲô
ȥֲܾѵˣ챩ֲܾĴʼˣܰ¶ͻپֲֻҪǾֲԱҼõָ㡣
ַϸһ£¡
ͷ˹Ǹߣǡ桱ҲûʲôǮֻܴǮ˱ֲܾΪΧԱ
ʵΧԱѹͲָʲôĸֻǶһ£͵Ƕ塣Ҳ˶Ըĳԡ
ֲܾĴʼ˱ܣ˵ڸϷǳ츳Դһױܸģ¿񱩵ĺܣʵսǳֲ
ϾƵֲܾʼһʩչܸԸֲֿҰޣ͸Ƶġ
ַ岻ȥʲôܸƲۡûţȴǴĸӪҺɱ䡣
ȴȻصʵֲܾǮ𣿡
Ǯ
˹΢΢һ㶣ַ֪ôһӳǮϣǵ˵ͷǵȻǮʽԱһҪʮԪ
ͨûԪҲǱȽǿһʮԪǾԲһСˡ
ǣַǰһƺȥֲܾҲܽĿǰȱǮ״̬ˡ
ϾýôȱǮȱǮǲȱǮģȱǮҲʱǮֶѵý
ˣȥˡ衱磬ֲܾĴʼˣӦþͺַ塣
ã̾ߣ
ǣַͷ˹һ뿪סűֲܾȥ


1666 ʵǮ
ַ˹ֲܾʱ˺ܶ࣬Ǳһαֲܾĺܵλ
һŴĺһǿ׳ˣȻǾֲʼ˱ܣ
ַüͷ΢ɲһ壬סʱͷˣβɻţƺһֱڼһС
ַûбӵáֻǣڻǽЩβ͵ʱ٣ҲõȵһԾǨ׸֮ȥβ͡
ǽȥɣܿ쵽ˣ
˹Եú˷ܣַһ߽˱ֲܾСǾֲΧԱȻֻΧվǻԱˣܹڳԵõһȽϺõλá
һΣֲܾһЩȦڵʿֲʵһؿег
ϾпɲʲôСطھ÷ٵĴУгǱСܱ߼УҲֻпвбֲܾķֲֲܾԿеӡ
ַȺУһЩݣʵǻӣ㲻ϣֻбЧ
󣬱ϳˡ
һ׾ţһͷĺһΪ׺һϳֱӾͿڵ죬ұıܸ
̨߳ӣһ֪ܲǣҸҲ֮ڸȦкŵġ
˶Ըһˣս˲͵ȼ˵顣
𡭡
ܶˣһ֣һͷıܡֱ۴ִ󣬻ƺӲθ࣬㵽ϡ
һ¶Ѫӿ
һ͵ĳ˵İΧȦһ̹һֱײַܿĳ˶һĸ񶷹ףǡСˣҲܴ仨ˮӣͳ׽ս
һĻ˶Ѫڡ
뿴ĸ񶷣ȭȭ⣬Ѫڣޱȵľմ̼ؼҲΪܺƽֺУԸܵ˵׷
еˮƽ
ַ˵ͷһЩˮƽ˵УνıֻܸǼԶԶƲзš
ֻһСʱ䣬һСʱ漴뿪̨ɱصıֲܾʼһЩԼֲܾ˳ΪʽԱ
ȻѾ뿪ˣһʵս˶ĳȣһĶŸֱӳΪԱҲ
ű뿪ˣַһ漴Աߵķ˹˵ȥϴּ䡣
˹˸ղűܵľʱУϾ˼ַ壬һԵֲԱҵ
ַ뿪ǰ̨ݼ䣬ֱߵ˾ֲĺԱϢң֪ӦþںϢ
ȻַӦ˱ܡ
ʲô
ַҪȥסַ塣
ַ΢Ц˵ûʲôұһʴ⡣
⣿ԤԼ𣿡
ԤԼֻбԤԼҡ
ֱַƿֲĹԱѸٵߵ˺̨ϢҵУԱȴ΢΢һ㶣æ˹
᳤Բûסˡ
ܰ˰ֵȥɣǵĻҶˡλʲôҪͱֲܾģ
ַ忴һܣʼ˵˵ʵʵǮġ
Ǯ
Щסˡ
ԣǮΪ˱ʾҲ׽裬ҿԺһˣͰǮңΣ
أ
Ҳ䣡
ַն˵
Цҡ
Ҫھܾʱַ嶯ˡ
ಣ
ַٶ죬ͷ·һһһ˱ܵǰһ׾ŵıܣַ忴ȫһС㡱
ַһԾǨСȴ̺ſֲֻһȭٷ֮һûжãֱ䵽˱ܵϡ
أ
ػ˶ֱӴɣݺݵˤ˵ϡ
һʱ䣬˶ˣ⻹Ǳ𣿸ո̨ϴɱķıܣһͷҰޣôַǰȴֽһ㣿
㡭˼ޣ
̧ͷݶĵ˼ѪˮַĿг𾪶⣬һ˿˿ڴ
ޣ
ַһԷ˵ļޣ弫ޡͻ弫ޣʵǻսʿַʲôսʿȻսʿȫ棬ԾǨ
ҵȷͻ弫ޡ
ַ廹ǵͷˣԾǨҲͻ弫ޣֻǣԶԶȱ֪еļ޸ӿ¡
ͻ弫޵ǿߣҴһѶԪˣҪǮɡ
վȻ߹ǻ˼ĿȴǾâΪ˷ܡ
Ƽ޵ǿ߰ܿĳַûмκθ񶷾ֲܹõλ弫޵ǿ߼뱩ֲܾ¾ͲôһǮܹ˵ġ
ңַܴ弫ޣҲϣ弫ޣ


1667 շ
᳤ǡ
ֲܾĹԱܽţǼֱԼ۾У޵еĻ᳤ܣڸ񶷽պıܣȻһ֮СһǱһȭɣʵЩ⡣
һֵȥҺλлҪ˵
ǣԱѸٵ˳ȥ̨ϢҾֻʣ˱ַˡ
ôƺ
֡
ղ˵ǮʵǮУҲý裬ֻҪֲСûûʹûҩˮɣ
ҩˮҵȷûʹá
ַĿ϶ش𣬱̾ͼûзûҩˮȻ弫ޣֱ˼顣
ȻϣҲûзûҩˮʹ弫ߣʵ̫̫ѣҵôСҲ̼΢ȵȣﵽ弫ޣͻ弫ޡ
һλûзûҩˮʹ弫޵˾ǰβζţַУ϶˴弫޵ֶΡ
̵ңĸ
ƺ¶˾ģһӹĿǿȡһλһλ࣬һλĸ񶷼ңһ׷󣬾ܹ弫ޡȻҩˮҲ֪ҩˮжô󣬶һʹ˻ҩˮԶ޷ƿˡ
ҩˮΨо˲ʹá
СʱַϢ뿪ˣҵ˷˹ͷ˹򵥽һ£漴˾ͷֵ𣬸뿪ˡ
ŷ˹뿪ַ»ص˱ֲܾ
ʦҪĸӪҺֲܾдиӪҺˡ
ַ忴ǰϹϾıܣ⡣
ѾΪĵӣַһҪַͬҲ̵ַƵģзţҲֻ˲
ңַҲ⴫ʲôӰ죬ųĿǰΪַֹֻܹ׼ų
Ҳ˵Ҫÿһ˶ҪַԳ֣ų򣬸޷޳ˣַзŵȻžԵƿȨ
ңַҲ䡣ʲôܹһЩǿĵӣݡеλĵӣɻĵλкܴİǰڵУҲҪķӴԴЩԽ֮ռԴ
һӦǿˣԺлԶԶҪĸӪҺȸӪҺõĶҲͬҪ
һݣ漴˵ͷʦģһἯһԴЩӪҺʦʧ
ˣȥɣҪκš
뿪ַһϢңôӪҺһΣԳӳˡǣһ޽һޣӺ޵׶һ˶ʹһµĸӪҺֱӱַһԣͳͳ̽˶С
ַĹ⡢ѪҺڷǿţʮٱһԾǨЧĺãĸ죬һ¾ȫɡ
ַ˷һʱȻܡ
ʱ٣
ֶַʱ֮꣬һµʱ䣬ֱ׾١ʱ֮ǿѹƵ磬ܹʩչ
һСʱַϢгܾ⣬ַæغʦ
֪Ϊʲôַ壬־ַǰһˣķâ¶Ҳеľս
ܲûмսʿЩĻսʿƺҲûַôµơҲֻЩλϵǿսʿַ塣
Ȼ˭ǿǵÿʵսûս˭Ҳ֪ǿ
ܣﰲȫ𣿡
΢΢һ㶣漴˵ʦģֲܾ԰ȫ￴ɢʵϣڽһЩ˼޷ġ
ַ˵ͷʵҲˣ֮ǰֻβͣһֱ棬ûи̨
İʵǳ
ַ˵ܵİҲûôͿֱӽ룬꣬ӰһЩͨˣǼֱײ
ܺãȫͺãһֱβ͸ţᰡ
ַ˿漴ӰһѾѸٵ߳˺̨Ϣҡ
ûãַθˣ߽˺̨Ϣҡ
ʦǣ
һЩβͶѣʲô취ʳǵݺĿġ
ǣʦ
ʶַĿֲַأΨǴӣַȥɱˣգһ۾οֻˣ
ǣЦţԵˣ߽ϢҵС


1668 ץ
Сʱ󣬱ص߳ϢңСʱڼ䣬½˰ҽѾʧˣֻʣŨصĴϢ
ˣ
ַ忴һ۱ܣĸ񶷼ңͶԸޱȵĿȡǸǴ࣬Ϊܹ弫ޣոǿĸԸһС
û˵ݣֻǣǵЩ鷳
鷳
ԣΪ۹鱨¡ţ򵥵˵ǵ۹鱨ֵĹӶԱΧеΧ
ַȻ֪۹鱨֣һȨǴȨգǳӴܹ͵۹鱨ֳκһ˿ϵǶǳ¡
Ե۹鱨ֲ֣ܾͬһֻһʱᱻˣܵıŻôء
ıֲܾٷչ׳ʮٱҲ͵۹鱨ֳϹϵ
ֻΧӶԱ˵ֱϵ˾𣿡
˵ˣһɯˣпǵ۹鱨ֵԱʦʲô۹鱨ֹעһֱʦ
ܰ¶Ҳ̲סַѯʣһ񶷼ңһԵĸ񶷼ңô͵۹鱨ֳϹϵ
ַоâ漴ʧԶʧ¶ۼ
⡭ºѡͨˣʧҲʧˣ۹鱨޿ײ룬ûǲ鲻Ķ
ܰ¶һʦӿ󣬾ȻҪɱڡͨ˵ҲˣЩ˿ɶǵ۹鱨ֵıԱȻֻǱԱô˵Ҳ͵۹鱨ֳ˹ϵô׶ģ
һɱǣ鷳ɾʹˡ
ô
ֱַ˽ȥŵˣѾĥĽƣܵĥֶΣҲǳ˿ͷ
ȥתɯҪңϵõҪģֱңһξͲôˣ
ַоâһ漴Ρ
꣡
˲ҽǵֱַۣһֱָ飬³µһЩ޸ҩС
ɫ԰ףҲ˵ʲôѸ뿪˱ֲܾ
ܰ¶Ϳַˡҡ̬ȣҲЩ㷲ˣȴûκַ屣־ͷ
ˣߵѾˣ¶ͣҪȫӪҺԽԽáҵĸڵϰıܸȫȫչʾһҿ԰Ľۣȵһʱ򣬾ϰҵĸˡ
ܱܰ¶Щʧַû̴ַҪĽıܸϲ⡣
ңҲַ֪Ҫȫÿıֻ֣֮ǰһЩӪҺԶԶó
뵽ܰ¶ͱ㰵¶ģһҪϧһдۣôĸӪҺַ⡣


ɯǰ£ˣʵҲֻΧԱҲֻǹӶǡһЩ£ǲɵ۹鱨ֳ档ݶУӲֱӳ档
˼˸񶷼ңǿ񶷼ңҲֻһ׻սʿˡշܣѵħ˷䵼µı죿
ɯо֡
֪֡ʵ֮һȻ⵼£ȴǲʿصʵ֮һǰϸϢӳڣÿһ£ɯһ
ǵ۹鱨ϵͳĿ֮һˣôԷûκܡɯĵУһֱǻԵļ棬ȥֲܾҲֻΧԱֻһĸ
ڣȴܻܱܰ¶ͣշ¶ͣͷǱѰˡ
һеĸı䣬ƺ⡰ʵܵħ˷֮ĸı䡣
Σ
ɯǰһĻڿСĻѸٳһ״ӵӰ
ᲩʿʮʵһСС⡣
ǣɯַı֣һһʮ򰲶Ჩʿ㱨
ʿĿǰʵҽ飬ʵץϣкܸߵоֵ
ᲩʿõҲãȻʮʵһЩ⣬ǳźõķ仯Ǿץɡ
ᲩʿͬɯĽ飬ʵ壬ᲩʿҲǳ棬Ҫоһܴзֹħ˵ܣʹĿشͻơ
ʿΪȷһʧϣȨޣһλһ׻սʿ
Ҫһ׻սʿ
ʿʵĿǰѾǱȽǿĸ񶷼ˣһ׻սʿ޷ʵʩץ
ðɣץţסһжҪܽУҪ¶֪ġ
ףʿ
ɯصĻ¶һ˿Цݡ


1669 ɱ
أ
ܰ¶ͣŭһʼѸٵ͡ԭһ׾ţڸ͵˳壬ʵСˡ
¶һȭھɳϣֱӾʹɳֲӶ𶯡ĿһĻľֲԱһĶŴ죬·𲻸Ƶġ
֮ǰȻ¶Ҳйʩչܸʱ򣬵Ǹʱ͵׾ͷǳֲˣڣ¶;Ȼ͵塣
˾޴ֱޣǳ뺷
û뵽ʦĽıܸ˿ֲ
¶˷ܵĴЦ
ǵģַıֻܸǸĽϣҪ֪ԭϵ
¶;ѾǿˣڸȦڣǿĸ񶷼ҡڣǸĽıܸڵİ¶ͣǸȦڵĶ񶷼֮һˡ
ңĽıܸ¶ͶûеɡַĽĸɣԭĻϣܵۺʣʮ
¶ͼֱţʮʣԭȵ֮ϣǺεȵĿֲҪʮ¾ͻᴥ弫ˡ
һ̣¶ͼֱַûһ˿ɣصĸַ壬ַȥҲһüͷ
ַĸĽܸɣ弫ޣôʸܰ¶ĺܺãһڣܴﵽɡ
Ȼַĸ֮£һָټϱܰ¶ͱʵ൱Բٶô졣
һﵽ弫ޣַͻʽڰ¶Ҳ뿴ˣᷢı仯ܹɹַһƻܹǰˡ
ˣʱַ԰¶͵ѵҲƵǺˡ
ʦӪҺˣһؼӪҺҴӾһЩõģϣʦ⡣
ܰ¶ƿţַǰ̬ȱϹϾ
ؼӪҺˣ
ַ˵ͷһ֪ӪҺʵѾгϹܹ򵽵ߵӪҺˣһ㶼һЩʿʹãһʹãһܹάֺܳʱˡ
ؼӪҺֻовйӦ˵רЩսʿʹõģ̺ʮٱڸӪҺ߸ͲᲢۡ
ͨˣ񶷼ҶʹáĻֱֲӳűֻлսʿʹá
¶Ҳַ֪弫ޣ˲Ŷ˾еŪؼӪҺңӪҺѾĹ˰¶ͶĻ
Ϊʦǽѣǵӵҡ
ܺãȥɡҪκš
ǣʦ
¶͹ȥ
¶ͣǿصһ¡
ַԺôһͷ¶㹻ģҶԸǳȳǷҲ൱Ĵ⣬ʹҲǵӦ֡
ַûĿģþʵӪҺӦ㹻ԾǨˡ
ַͨһѾ½ƵȻԶԶǽַԸ⣬Ƶࡣ
ʱѾ㹻ˣʹԾǨַʱУĴԾǨʥߡ
Ȼ粻ͬҲкܴͬ磬̫̫ÿһԾǨķ֮󣬼ֱһԾǨܱȵļԾǨ
ǾͿʼɡ
ַ׼ҲʼǣųڤڤУ΢΢һ𣬵ܹᵽ΢𶯡
漴ų֮Ѹٵסַ壬ַ̼ȫϸʼ˶ԾǨ

屶
ܰ¶ͣϰʱ䡣
ʱ䣬¶ÿ춼ڽʣ൱ǰ屶һжù鹦ַĽıܸ
¶͸ȫӿȵ޴й·ܹһУ񶷼ңܾãһָԷ
ˣʦûгѵǸµͻƣ
¶;ĳȣıֻҪַڵķ䣬ͻᷢĵľη
ǰַ壬Ѿɲ⣬һͻƣǻǺεȵĿֲ
ַ֮ڰ¶͵Уǡ޵Сɲ⡱ȵȵĴʡ
¶гţĽıܸɣﵽ弫޺ϰַĸлΪսʿǿڣǺεȵǿ
أ
ʱֲܾĴţƺһ߿͵ӿˡ
Щˣݣ񶷾ḻһ˾ɱֶޱȵĺ
ǿ¶ʱ¶Ҳǡ
ɱ
Ϊ׵һˣޱĻ˻֣ʱʮˣһӵϣ˰¶͡


1670 Ļսʿ
ܸ
ŭһʼѸͣȻ壬ͬһͷҰһ㣬ſֲϢ
ಣ
¶Ҳ˳ȥʮˣЩˣһҲӦݣ˿ûϰĽıܸʱıܡ
ڣȴڰ¶͵ǰͬһһÿһսʿһа٣ȴ԰¶ɲκ˺
ǿﵽ弫ˣûзκλҩ
һߵĺˣƺͷģҲһ˿â
ৣ
˶ˣٶȾȻȰ¶ͶҪ졣СУƺ̺ſֲһбɽ緢һңƺƵϯ
𡭡
¶ͷŭһҲȫһȭӭȥ
أ
һƵ¶ȴоֱۺꡱһˣȫĹϡӴͬߵķһص˵ϡ
㡭ǻսʿ
¶һѪˮ𾪡
սʿǻսʿֻд˼޵Ļսʿ׵ĶԸ¶ʮЩ˼޵ĻսʿжôĿֲ½ֻһ׻սʿҲԶԶܶԿġ
ʲôʱ򣬱ֲܾôǿĵˣսʿֻо

ֱʵ
ʦ
¶ˣЩ˲ǳǳžֲǳʦֶѹ֣ɳսʿˡ
Ըʦսʿܳɹ
¶ȴû˵Ȼܳʦ˵ҲҲ
ܿ죬˵ĿͼһϢҵУܸӦһǿϢ
϶εĿ֣꣬
ϣ
һ֣ĳϢҵп
ˣ
ʱһ·ϢдصЩˣһĶסؿڣƺǳʹࡣ
⡭ǣ
۾зǳ𾪡
ϢУ߳һӰͷ̫ߣҲһװϣûбôֲȴǳ
ǵģһۿȥ͸оʮֵ·ʺļ⡣
ʦ
ܿӰϲ⡣
֣
۾΢΢һҲ֪ǰɫ򶨴ݵ˵ˣεĿ֣꣬
ֻǣеƺһֹǲһôˣ
˿漴һžͬʱ˻ͬһѸ͡ûбıȱôֲȴԴһȦ
ಣ
˶һͷ·һƵģٶȱ֮ǰҪʮսʿǻսʿ
սʿҲûҩˮ弫ޣʼࡣҪı־ٶȡӦȵȣ֮ͨˣзǳֲ
˵ǳˣһҲΪ
ǸȦʢĸ񶷼ңսʿҲԶԶ硣ȻҲһЩ񶷼ңо޿ɽӶΪĻսʿ
ֻսʿǿ
ǰĺˣɾһĻսʿ弫޵ĻսʿǶַޱţޱȿȵıܣ˿Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϾսʿǵУǾ޵еĴڡֻͬĻսʿܶԸսʿַ壬Բǻսʿ
ַһ۾Ϳ˵ıʣȷǴ弫ޣ˵Ǿǻսʿ
ֻϧֻսʿǿŻҩƵĻַųǿдƻʵ̫̫ˣǶһԾǨֻǰƷԾǨ
ߣ
ַҲƶĹ켣ǰ˵ٶȼֱͬϷһôĿЦ
أ
ַ֣һȭѹըʮ׵ľ룬˾͸оһȻ޿赲ݺݵϣ漴ݺҷɡ
ô
صˤ˵ϣûкֱַӽӴǸ񶷼ңԣ˻Ļսʿ
̫ˡ
ַҡҡͷĻսʿ̫ʧˡȻֻͨһ׻սʿ滹жסǿĻսʿ
ǿпַҲܴ֪ǿҲǿޣԶԶƵ
û뵽˲ҩˮʹ弫ޡѵΪսʿǿս̫ˣǻսʿǿĿƼսʿ
ڵϵˣվϵѸٵĻָҲǻսʿص㣬ָǿ
ղˣҲָࡣ
ңվ󣬴ӱһģŹֵǹѸٵװһǹе
ãʦ㿪΢ɼǹһǹԺ䱬һ¥һףǶ׻սʿס
е΢ɼǹܰ¶ɫ䣬ַ庰
Ѿˡ
գ
˿۶˰ʱһ޴ǹ˲ɳһҫ۵Ĺâһ˲ַϡ


1671 ɯС㣬ּˣ
䣡
ݺݵĺַϣɢĹֱӶ˾ֲǽڣֱӶȥ˾޴Ŀֻš
ʱҲһдˡ
һλ弫޵ǿߣҲҪоֵǻ׽֣ڿܻ׽Ҳԡ
ܱоˡ
˺ţǻսʿĳսʿ׵Ļսʿֱ޿ƥС߽׻սʿ˺ս
ղַĻ״ŭλսʿˣֱӾͶǿֶΡ
ʦ
ܴʧɫ¶ˡ
ʵڲԸ⿴һλԼ弫޵ǿ񶷼ңôȥˣڸ߿Ƽ֮£Ǹ񶷼ı
ĸ񶷼ңѾΪ˱ʡϰҲΪɱУΪԡʣ־ȵȡ
ʱǶԸ񶷼Ѻãʱ
òݹһλԼ弫޵ĸ񶷼ңȴҲӱ߿Ƽɱˡ
΢ɼ
ȻһϤصš뱩ܶ͵̧ͷԴͷ
һϤӰֻĳˡַ壬˿̵ַ壬ֱг׵ߣֲļͬһһǱ΢ɼ˵˿ڡ
Щ˿ȴۿɼٶȣѸٵĻָ
ܣǿ΢ɼ弫ޣҲֵܵסǶ׻սʿֵס㡭
˾ʧ룬·𲻸Լ۾һ֮£ѸٵĿ۶˰һһΣһһĹݺݵĺַ塣
ַȴûеôһһˣƾϣûκáͬеĶħһƽˡ
أ
ַһȭӳ˵ԴֱӾͱˡǻսʿԴ򱬣Ҳ޷ٻָ
ҲԶĳˣ˶֪ģѾҪˣҪǣַɱһλսʿ
ڸȦ˵Ǻεȵ𺳣
ʦɱһλսʿ
սʿǿ𣿼û΢ɼǾǷ
ַ˵ǲм֮ɫνսʿ̫ʧˣ磬վԿƼΪ˵ԵôС
ܿԼսʤսʿ
ȻҲսʤսʿгһգЩǿսҲܱ˺Ƭ򣬶ᱻ򱬣С
ַصڱܵĶߣ˱ܰ¶ͼĳʶУͽֻǸһּɡ
ڣַĻԼ֣ڸµ⡣
ԭǼɣУ
һҲܴﵽʦĳ̶ȡ
һʱ䣬ܰ¶͵ȼܵĻ棬һΪҰĵĻ档

һܵĵС
ա
Ȼһӳ˴ɫװԱֳ˾ɱµжѵصսԱһҲʧء
ɯһ䣬̷ߣƻб䡣
ʱɯ᲻֪սʿʧˣֻʱݵ㣬Լȼ۹鱨ֵԱ⣬˶ΧԱûжս
ƫƫڻܱ¶ݣ򶼿еˣƫƫô
ߣ
ɯżĸ̽˵ͨУ˳ͨߡԻģʽʱҶ̮ըĺˣͨͨڵҵС
ϣַ뱩ĿȺӿУܿ鱨ʧˣսʿˣûץסʧء
ǻ鱨ֵˣС
ַƺ˿ûЩ˵ܰ¶ɫ࣬Щ˿ɶǱֲܾѵˡ
Ϊ񶷼ңΪ࣬¶ôûһĺɫװĸҲƿصǿ
ֻϧľӪʮԼ۹鱨Աʱȴһ
Ǵʦô죿
¶ͰһСַѯʡ
˶ɣǻڵ£
¶˶أѾʧ˴֮һԱνʧأȴëû̵һ
¶ͣ˽ĻԶԶڣҾۿһУ
¶΢΢һ㶣漴ĿͱĻ
ǰ¶ͣҲһַĿ⣬ͬ顱һޱȵʥ
ַʼͣͬʱһɿµյУַһɽأ涼ʼ΢΢
ҳ
ַȫѾǶԾǨʱͨˣ֪ǿ˶ٱ
Щס׻սʿ֪Ҫǿ˶ٱ
ˣַȫһ֮£ʱ緢˵һҵǱַһƣֱһ޴ѷ죬²֪
ͬʱַһѷ쵱УԼһЩ
ֻǣûκá
ַ彫ѷ죬ϣѾһɫ԰׵Ůӣֱӵ˵ϡ
ɯС㣬ּˣ
ַЦЦֶĿǰŮˡ


1672 󹦸ɣĴԾǨ
ּˣһ㲢ûлȥ㶼֪ҵĴڡ
ɯ̾һΣҽԺѾġ֡ʵϣֵȷˣȴһַ壬ַ꣬Ȼɯ
ɯС㣬˵˵һ˰ɣ
ַƽ˭̺ɭ䡣
ɯ˿ЦҲûʲôʵ֪ʵӰ춼Ͳ֪ǣ˶еСȻ⣬Ѿ̤ˣǺúõǣһ
˵꣬ɯһһʮַеһС
ַԽԽء
ħ˼ƻԭһжԴħ˼ƻ
ħˣӵŲ˼޾õ۹һЩһЩС˼ǣðᲩʿоħˡ
ϣħˣǿĻսʿӶıһЩȨ
˵һЩƨȨϷַһȤûУЩ۹߲㣬ǿǵ۹鱨ֻǾǵˣɯǵˣˣҲڿױݣ鷳
ڰУǵҲС
Ҳ˵ǵĿģоħˡҺܲɣħ˵ʵ֮һ
Ҳò˵ܺãħ˷ȻûӵôֲԶͽ׻սʿӦþħ˷󣬲ıɣûã㻹ǹԹоĻġ
ʱɯв
ħ
ʲô
˵
ַĻɯһҧջ˵̫յУᲩʿսоǿһǼսӦףʲôǼսлһڣ
ѺҪˡ
ַҲ˵ʲôֱ˽ɯܵĹѺ
ʦ
ܰ¶˵ʲôȴֹ
¶ͣħһҪõڻһЩʱҪ̵ʱڣ£ȦˣȻڣ͸߲㡣ôƻգ֮ºҪΪˣҿȰ弫ޣ㲻ģҳ֣
¶ͷһǰѾܸ߿ַˣڿǰַ֮󣬼ֱ
Ҫһ
ַҰĸ
ͨˣܾŵĲҸˣ¶ʲôˣǶԸޱȿȵˣһܴ弫ޣӵſֲͽһǺ͵Ķ׵Ժ
ʦģ£һʦ񡣡
ţ£ҵ㣡
ֱַת뿪ţ¶á

ַص˾ֲʼħ˵ϢǰļƻǰͰ࣬͸߲㣬ʮʱҲֵá
ħ˵Ϣַ͸ı˼ƻ
ħˣַϲӦСǧĹ̺СǧĹӴ
Ҳħ˾ǽ˿ռ֤ͨˣħ˱õҵþ죡
죬ַñܰ¶˾ֲų¶ͳɹĴ弫ޡһԾǨ
ֻǣվЩִ٣ð¶ûнĥԲԺһЩӰ죬ַҲ˲ˡ
Ҫɼƻ¶͵ʵô弫ޡ
弫޺󣬰¶;ͿʼжУ̶̼ͳ׸㶨˿е硢̽磬Ƕ޵˱ֲܾС
ͬʱԴԴϵӪҺ˵˾ֲУַʹáַҲûп֪һǼսжôֲڶԾǨʵЩǿܹﵽΣĴԾǨС
һ£ַ忿Ű¶͵ӪҺɹ˵ԾǨʵκεϵκβַˡ
ĵڶ¡£¶ͼѹһգѹεӪҺַ壬ƺǲһ㡣
ַҪԾǨÿһҪӴ󡣵һԾǨƺ̫࣬ڶξͺܶˡ
еΣѹС
ڵĴΣһֱѹ£һЩ
¶ͺŬջǴӪҺһƿַ򼸺֮ˡ
ĴԾǨ
˳ӪҺַȻȻ˵ĴԾǨһΣƺ򶼱ˣų
ַ֪ܹɵļޣĴԾǨԾǨųѾͻˡ
ûϵַ廹ԼƵַ׼ħˡ
ˣ̣ȡħˣ
ַ嵱ϣĴԾǨ󣬾ͶԳһսɳ򣬰ɯṩľλãŰᲩʿǼսȥ


1673 Ǽڣ
εεΣ
սУᲩʿЩ죬ɴǵһڵ۹Σգ
棬棬һδ֪ɴ
δ֪ɴ
ԷƵӣǷ룿
Ჩʿһ˵ͷ̽룡
漴汻룬һϤ׳Ļϡ
㣬ʮʵ壬ţûǴ֣
ᲩʿɫЩأ֪ɯ׶༪ˡǰѾϵɯˣɯ鱨ֵˣپͺܹأЩʱҲһϵ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ǹʱ򣬰Ჩʿɣڿ»ɳˡ
Ҷйء
ᲩʿļԺܺáҴĿģħˣԣ׼𣿡
ħˣ
Ჩʿɫһ䣬漴Ц֪֪˵ʲô֣㱻ħ˷죬ܹ൱סֻҪӦҵʵ壬ģһ֤һһҪĶ
Ჩʿ㻹ûŪ״㣬ңһްվ㣿
ַƽᲩʿȴЩʧˡ
ֵķɴ٣
ʱ򣬼㰲ٲַʵҲˣ
ˣ
ǣᲩʿսʮӴĻַڵķɴȥЩÿһҶַķɴǿϾһŵ۹صǲ䱸ǿսġ
ɴУʵַֻһˡһԱûУҷɴҲϵͳԶơΪַҷɴֻΪ˷̫ա
ַ֮ûɴˡ
ʼˣǿУĴԾǨ
ಣ
ֱַӴ򿪲ŷ˳ȥ¶̫֮УͬʱҲ¶ʮһ֮С
䣡
ַٵͣѪҺڣͬ񱼵ĺһϳһʲļӲʣ·һ׸ȫ
ַܹ͵ʮңΪһʵġǿһеļ¡
ݻ٣
ŰᲩʿʮһ͵İڵķʱֲĻ֮⣬ƽκһУɽᱻֱƽ
ҪĿľΪ˻ǼսˣҲ൱ףصؼǿԷǳֲ
Ѫ֮Ҫ⣿ǾŽ׻սʿŽ׻սʿǿǽ񻯵Ĵڣǵ۹ΪҪ֮һ۰ϵĵ۹ҲûжپŽ׻սʿ
ˣŽ׻սʿ˺սָľǻǼսڣҲûκοĿܡ
ƣ
̫Уַһȭ˳ȥĻڹһȭ·γ˽׶εѹ̫֮աûпַһȭȴγѹжôǿ
ͷ·εĳһſֲڣ˲䱻ݻ٣ʮһϡ
¡¡
õݻʮսըˣһ֮£һӶû֧Ѿը
ַһһǼսһ̣ᲩʿԼǼսϵˣ۾·𲻸ԼǰһĻ
⡭ʲô
ţȾŽ׻սʿҪǿ󣬿𣿡
ѵħ˱ôǿ󣿡
Ჩʿ𾪣ȴǿϲ
ħˣһħ˷ı졣е̺ŽɵֻǱ䣬ȴı찡
ޱȵļֻϧַв̫ˣǰᣬҲܵв
ǼĿ꣬Ƿ񹥻

ᲩʿЩϧٿϧһֲġҲս˵Ц
ħҲġ
䣡
Ǽڷˣһ޴Ĺâҷȥ󣬹ԽԽȴе˼¡
Ǽڣһȥܶ˵ȻȻͻȻֱֺ
ȥһҲ군ˡ
Ϊֹǵ۹ǿľŽ׻սʿҲǼڿ⡣ûΪѪ֮Ǽڿ⡣
䣡
޴һգ۾ͻַ壬ôٶȣַҲȴûҪ˼Ӳһ
ˡ
Ჩʿҡҡͷַжǿ󣬲ǲǱħ˷죬Ǽ֮£ûκ塣
ǼڣǵҲ
Ȼ̫Уһս˵ĶС
ʱᲩʿڣ˶ʧɫĶ̫ԶǵӰ
ûֻûǼһڻУȻûôܣ


1674 ħ˵֣
ԶҲ֪Уǣ
ַһûжκȫȫĹΪƵзţл
ҲĴԾǨ
ֵܵסǼڵĺðᲩʿо˼顣ܰᲩʿδѪ֮ӲǼڣַˣ
пܵ߸֪

ַһȭǼڣԷſ˷ֻ֡ǷֵֻܵסַһСʱ䣬ܿ죬ֹâȻֱӱ˺ʣµһս֮ϣҲսܵشʧءٶϵͳѾȫ̱
زᲩʿ֪һжˡ
ղŵӰԼֵϢͳȥ
Ჩʿ´һԱҲѸٵִСһϢһ۹
ַжǿԵ۹Ǿϣ϶㲻ϡ
ǼսͲʲôڴ֮ϣкǼսкڶսԼֲϵս
ǵȿֲɱܶ涼һ̶ȵƻŵ۹۰ϵɱﵡ
ֻǣַ³Σ֪޷ٿˡ

ַ˺սֱ˽ȥҽĻָΡЩԱǵĹԼһЩս˵Ĺֱͬһɲκв
ǰᲩʿ
ַĿĮŰᲩʿ
Ჩʿ򶨣Ŀһַ壬´ţĿޱȵĻȡ
֪֪ڸʲô۹ǿ󣬲ģʹ㱻ħ˷죬ҲܶԿ۹
ϻ࣬ħأ
ַúͰᲩʿ˵ϻڵ۹˿۹ܶԿյֿƼֱǿ˾
һôԶԿ۹
ַǽ磬ϵĽӵǿ˵۹ˣ棬Ҳֿ
ȻӴ󣬹Ȼǿ󣬵ԶԶһСǧ硣ַݵ۹һЩƼ־еۣ֪Ŀǰ۹Уһ֮ۡ
ƶĹ죬ʵһһ֦Ҷï޴֦Ҷһ档ƽ棬Ƕ档
֮Ŀǰ棬Ψһ
ۻûб֤ʵǳг
ǵܹ˵ͨӴСǧ磬ֻһ棬Ǿ̫ˡ
ַ޹أֻҪҵ˿ռ伴ɡ
ħˣ
ᲩʿûˣʲôУھԵǰûκ塣ֱóһ̿ȴ̺ſֲ
ħˣһԵ
ַӹħˣħӿȵޱȵļȻĲ²ûдħ˹Ȼ̺һ˿˿ĹСǧĹ
˹⣬ӴЩУȴԼһ˿˿Ľ
ǽħ˾СǧԪٵĹؼˡ
ַһݣκιڽĶ򵥡Сǧ磬ʲôСǧ磬վҪԪ١
Сǧ磬ޱӴ󣬱ʼ綼ҪӴʮϣļԪٻôֲַֻ꽵٣һаտסСǧļԪ١
ˣַڼԪ֮ǰҵ˿ռ䣬ҽ롣Ҫʱ䣬ҲҪħ˵İ
ⲻħ˰ɣ
ַĿоâһ
ᲩʿЩɣǵ˵ͷⲻħˡһ˾ſħˣſħƺγһħˡΪԭʼ޷ϳһ塣
ȨΪ棡
ַָ̾еĹؼǰİᲩʿ۹ֻܴ۹߲еĳЩˡ
ͬſħˣȻᴥ˵档Щ۹߲㣬ħ˹Ϸһգ˭׳оǸͲܡ
˿ħЩ˵У
ڵ۹˴У۹Ŵ壬Ϸ˾ſħˡΪ¡
ַ˵ͷ֪ħͺðˡ
ֱӶ԰Ჩʿ˵ҪϢҲã鱨ҲãҲɱ㣬ֻҪ㽫鱨ȥţļ壬һԽ˿ħ˶һһҵ׼
ɴ۾ַͷ·ڿһ
ǿǾŴ壬ܵ۹ٰ˳ϵ㡭
ҵĻУ㲻ùܡ
ˣǷˡ
ᲩʿţһֱҡͷͲţַܹһˣԿ۹Ŵ壬ǾͼڶԿ۹
ȻַȻ֮ǰѾϢڸɴࡰ󡱵ĺͰϵ


1675 ԾǨ
ַûᰲᣬҲûɱᣬսϵĴԱҲûɱôԱŬ޸Ǽս
ʵҲʲôı
ںͰϵַ巴ˣҪŴһ壬ǿĽӣη壿
ǲַҲǰȥǡ
ַҲĴԾǨ
ַеħˣʼƵˡǰƵ㱾Ҳų
кŷ֣ĲѾǼˣųֻܸ浽ĴԾǨԾǨų޷档
Ҳ˵ڲ߿֮ǰƵİ취ųַҲԾǨˣƵȻǵĴųУǾúǵĴų
ַ꽥ɢȥĺǣɢ޾ĹȡǴųǴų֪Ӵ˶ٱ
ܿ죬ַĵ㡣
ˣ
ĵ㣬ַƵ͵һʱ俪ʼǴųʱ΢΢һ𣬺ƺƵĴų֮˲䴩ռ䣬ٵַϡ
ʱַȫڵÿϸ·ڳž޴ѹǴųѹǴųʮǿÿһϸַ岻ѾĴԾǨһ˲䣬ͻᱻǴųѹ塣
ĴԾǨַױȵˣסˣҿʼǴųϸʼ˵ԾǨ
ħˣ
ַƣУһħ˾ĳġַ漴úǴų͵Ĵ̼ħˡ
䣡
ʱ񱩶ӿַڣַϸѾǴų״̼һ·ޱȵļŴ
ַĿʼͣ׵һ·͵ʮϡͬһͷ޴Ĺһ֤ɢſֲϢ
ʱһĹȥַϵϢԽԽֲƺԶҲûоͷƵġ
ԾǨԶԶ
ַǴųһֱƵ˵߲㡣Уһֱ߲㣬úǴų
ħ㣬ҲַԾǨ
ˣַ忿ħˣֱӴĴԾǨһԾԾǨ
Ǽսڣ˶ĿɿڴĿǰһĻû˭ߣǻɪɪ·𶼳Ӱ
ʲôĹﰡ
Ჩʿš
ǿУǵֲӰᲩʿоľַԾǨٵԾǨѾˡˡ̬
ָͨ˵ģԾǨַﵽʮסɢſֲϢﻹ˵ģ
˵ǿձޣ˲š
ѵħ˵ã
᲻òɣħз䣬ħܹ˱졣û˽͸ħ˾ܽ˱쵽ʲô̶ȡ
ڣƺסˣַ嵱˱ħ˷Ĺ
ԴˣַͲ⡣ģʲôοȫ壬ƽʱȫջر̬ͨ
Ჩʿϵǻǲǿսǰ𣿡
սڵബԱĶַ־壬ˣҪȲϣܹǡ
УܣӴİ壬ӦûǲǿĽǰ֡׺ɱ
ˡ
ᲩʿҡҡͷѾϢ͸壬ǳϸַû
ԽϸϢԽðɵ
ַ½ԾǨǿչɢĿֲϢðǼɵѣþǲǼսҲһܶԸˡ֡
ǣɴûǲκνǰ
˵ϵ˴壬׼ǰֻ̽ǣм䲻֪õ೤ʱ䡣
Ჩʿˣˡ
ಣ
ַѾָΣصսС
Ჩʿڱİ廹ûǲǰ𣿡
²ǲǰˣѾˡ
Ჩʿɥ˵ʵЩ·񣬱˵ˣֻҪвߣо԰һ򾡣ĻЩ嶼ǳ
ԭܼ򵥣ʧ̫󣬱̲ˣǲҪ
ǱˣҲôҲãȻ岻ҾȥᲩʿӦ֪ܲɣ
֪Ŵʵϵ
ܺãǾֱȥϵ
ᲩʿһַȻҪǰϵΨһĻᡣ
ǣҲһЩС˼սٶȣϵ


1676 һ˵Ǽս
ϵ۹٣ҲĵóҲĿƼǵ۹ưġ
ڵĵ۹ǿʢ涼Ѱ֣Իͷ١ÿ첻֪ж̴ϵ
ʱһҷǳֵķɴսȴûлǹķϵ
ÿһսܽϵȻսûɣȴö֮Ľ뵽ϵ̾ϵ۹߲ע⡣
ˣǸ֣ħ˷ˣ
Ŀĸ壿壿
ԣЩԾķǰ壬ɼ壡
ɼ壬ʲô
ŷõɼеǿħˣ
ٺ٣ǾȥɼײͷѪɣܾˣǾлõеǿħˣɼǿħҲǲܵõ
ϵϢڽţĵĿҲעֵǼսûлκɵǼսȴΪԭЩ廥ǣƣƽĽϵ
˿̣ɼҲԴս飬ѾѸٵķصɼĴӪӪ꣬ԳΪսݡ
ȻյϢһСǵˣݵ΢ֻΪħ˷죬ӵһЩ͸Ҷɼ嶯֡
ɼôĿЦ
ǵĴӪǿɲǼô򵥣иɻ
ңҲȴַĵɼҲܵõڶħˡ

ɼ֪ǰǵĴӪ
Ȼ֪ǳһսʵ㲻սԾŴϵĿƣֻһͨɴҲûӹŴļء
ô˵ɼѾ׼
û׼һɼĴӪǣǿһ±ݡ̣֮󣬸ͲһսܹƵġ
ᲩʿûκҲѾ˳ַʵûʲôɱ⣬Ŀֻǵõħ˰ˡ
Ჩʿãַָ߸ϵ̬ȣ·ûнκˣκУֳȻĸо
Ҫ֪ɼǸȻһ֧ĽӱƣҲ޷ɼĴӪοǡ֡һˣ
ֻǣһ뵽֡˰ĿֲᲩʿЩȷܡܻ֡ܲɼ壬ʵ޹ˡ
ˣǰǣ
Ჩʿɫӵǰǿϸ۲죬ѾԿսѾ档
ϣҪڣǱȺڶӿֲľڡŴ壬˵۹ǿϵսûж⣬ӦоУǾŴκһң
ͣ£һȥˣںţסҪͼߣ֪ġ
ַ˵ֱ꣬Ӿʹսţȥ
սеˣûһҪߵġַӴʱ䣬Ѿַ֪жôǿˣסˡ
ಣ
ֱַ̫зУٶ֮죬˿սٶ١һ֣ܸ̾оսڣѾϡ
ɼ壬ħˣҾ̤ƽǣ
ַҲ÷ϻֱ˵ĴȻղַܴȻа취ǵ˶
ǣ϶ɼйԱҲȫȻɼĸ߲㣬ͨˡ
ô£ڶߣ
ħˣʲôħˣ
˭ô󵨣Ҫ̤ƽǣ
ѵսˣ
ͨ˶֪ʲô£Ҳֻɼĸ߲㣬֪ôһ¡˿̣ɼ߲㣬Ҳһء
ַ庰ɼûκζսԽԽ࣬Լϡַ˿֪չֳɼǲһµġ
ȻˣǾ˵ҪչֳһЩˣɼеȻͻԹ˫ַħˡ
䣡
һֲַ̣ͣϢ˳˲ʮ׵ġ˶һ
¡
һ̣˲䱬ˡǼڣַѾӲĿסˣֻǣһȴʮϰٵǼڣ֮󣬼ֱ˼顣
һ
ַһȭ·ǿն𶯣εͬɽһ㣬˳ַһȭк
ֱֲʮϰٵನƺƵʮǼսƬ
һʱ䣬ƬǿնһƬǽ塣


1677 ⻹ӵе
ǣɼܲ
˶ڹۿĻУǸĿֲһȭֻһȭͽʮϰǼսݻˣ֡ȴ
һĻɼ߲㶼ֲĸо
峤֣Ǳħ˷죿
ħ˵ǲ˼鰡һͨͨˣ󣬾ӵ˿µֱ˼顣
ǿϰǼս൱һӴĽӱˣȻ˲Էֺ⻹ӵеоģԽ˾Ž׻սʿ񼶻սʿҲûǿɡ
Ǿħˣ񼶻սʿİأȡо񼶻սʿڿ񼶻սʿоҲȲ֡һҪϧһдۣõ֣о͸ϵܣٺ٣ǿɾɼĻᣡ
˴嶼ڹעһսϣǺܾˣôܣ෴ǲܾˣǻȫʤһõħ˵İأ
ɼĸ߲㣬ʱĻеǵֲӰη壬෴˷ܡ
úǼս
峤Ҳ¶˾ģ´˵ڶָ

̫Уַ廯һٴݻϰǼսҲ˶ѣҲԶԶûɼ˽ǡ
ȻЩսУмҸӴַ嶼еһ˿в
Ǽս
ַ۾΢΢һУ֪ǺǼսҲĿǰ۹ӱемʵϣ۹ʱҲֻõ˺ǼսϾˡ
Ǽսǵ۹м
ڣԴݻٺǡ
ЩǼսͬ飬ϰַ֮࣬嶼ضԴ
ˣ
һַ̣ȴ꣬ΧڵļźǵĴųʱǴų٣ǣЩǼսһĶ·ܵĴ
ųܹӰսĸ豸豸ʧ顣
ãǺǴų
ܹӰǴų
ϧһдɷĩ
һޱȵķŭǿǺǼսĽȴҪԸһˣôĻƣȴʵ
˻ܲݺǴųǾ͸ӿֲˡ
ǣһҺǼսڷˣһ֮ǰǼսӴ̫еַ塣
һţݺݵĺַϡ
¡
˶ڴ֮ɫĶ̫֮еǵӰѾû֮УƺΪ˻ҽ
ˣ
ӦˣǼڣôӲģ
Ѫ֮վѪ֮о񼶻սʿҲ޷ֵסǼڵĺ
ɼĸ߲Ҳû⣬Ǽڣ
ǺǼڣ̫ˡ
Ȼһĵ𣬽ţһӿֲӰ̫֮С
ַƯ̫У˿̣ıȻһԾ޴ȫУǼϣһ˺ۡ
Ҳ˶ѣǼڣĴԾǨַ¾ΣˡڣַɲĴԾǨԾǨΣ
ԾǨСǧϵ֮£֮ǿֱ˼ֱڣַʵҲûʩչȫ
Ƕһ֪ΪЩ߾ܶԸңҲգǿӵеɣ
ַһ˿â
䣡
һַ̣屬ˣ֮Уÿһϸͷ·ɽһ֮ǰƽڣ׵ı
ħ˵дȫÿһϸУϸͺڶ޾ڣױ
˵֮жϸ
Ǽֱ󣬶ÿһϸһźڶһһöôֲ
ַˣÿһԾǨʵϾչϸʹϸܹɵ
һٱ֮Ӵ󣬼ֱ
ʱ˾ͺ񿴵һųǣ˲䱬ըûйȣֻε·ݺݵġ
ַ帽սǼսҲãǺǼսҲգ֮£ͳͳΪ촷ۡ
ֲǣƺҲŻԵĴ
ãڶսȫҪڣҷ䣬ɱ
Ǹ߲㣬˿ɫ䡣峤ǲϧһдۣ´ȫԱǺڶսҪڣһ̶һԵĺַ塣
ʵǱ𾪵ˣܵ˾š
һˣѪ֮ӵ˿µǼսǼսڶսڶԷǰֽһͲһ
⻹ӵе


1678 ѹǣ
ԾǨԶԶɼԤڣҲַԤ磬ʵ粻ͬӲҪȽϵĻôԾǨﵽĳ̶ˡ
һλ𣬺ֲ
ȻƻϣСǧԾǨԶԶЩΰǣһͿԻ磬棬ԾǨܱģϾСǧǿĹϵ֮£Ҳ޷ֲǿߡ
٣ԾǨѾԶԶĳоħˣʵҲûܽ˱̶ֳȣǵ֪Χ
ֻǣ֪Χǵǰ
̫ˣ
ַӴӲǼڶսҪڵĺҪڣ΢ַһ鷳⣬ĺǼսڶսַɲκв
ҪڣҲֻһ鷳ˣַÿϸеͬ籩һڶսϯȥ
¡¡
սѹ촷ۣΪ泾˶ĿɿڴĿһĻǵ۹ΪмĺǼսԼڶսЩսˣǿ
ڣЩսȴֽͬһַѹû˿ķ֮
⾿һĹﰡ
ɼˣǸ߸ϣǵ۹Ŵ֮һִӴĵ۹ȨνˣħˣǶо
ڣȴоˣ»Ҫڣû˻Ϊֵܹס̫е
Ӧѡˡ
۹Ԯ
ڲǺӲʱ򣬾ٴȨٶĹϵΣ׻ɼ塣ˣӦ£Ǳȫ壡
Ǿ͵ýħˣ
ʵ̫ˣɼ壬ʱ͹ͷһǶһˡ
ͷǾ͵ű𡣡
ǣɼܿ˾ǶǸٹ̵Ӵ壬ִŵ۹ȨǺΪħ˴壬ʵǲֵá
ʧȥħˣǵ۹ľŴ֮һҪǼ屻٣ǾʲôûˡԽӵȨԽǲʧȥ
ңǵõħôʱ䣬Ҳоôʱ䣬ֵõʲôʲôûеõǺ嶷һڸΪħˣ֮֡
ˣǾɣħ͵ֵУ֮һս
ɼ˾ǣҪҲͣʣµĺǼսڶսҲ׷׵ͣ
ţ
ַҲ̫еı仯Ȼݻ˺ܶսɼ岢ûһս֮٣ַʵΪֹûܿǣҲûܹݻκһҪڡ
Ǽսڶսʣ²١ЩսȴҪҲûзˡ
ܿ죬һսַϵͳҲûпˡѺáַ̬Ҳͣ
ɼҪʲô
ӷɴ߳˼Ӱһܵĺӣ˵ָ£ɼ֮һս塣ָΪħˣɼ壬ҲԸ⽫ħ͸
Ŷôˣ
ַ⣬ɼ䣬ʵҲ֮СҲʶ˺ǼսԼڶսҪڶʶˡ
ȷջķᡣ٣֪۹ڵֻʣһΪֲܶвв
õħˣַܼԾǨʵ
ħˣ
ַ嵱ʲãֱӽӹħˣǵڶħˣȵһ΢СһЩ̺Ҳǳֲ
ңħĳЩ·ȷǳУܹϣӦþǳͬһ޴ħˣѶɡ
ħ˵֣ǾгʱԾǨˡ
ַƵǰ߲㣬Ƶ߲ҲǿúǴų
һźǴų»üźǲС
ǣַɴǣ̫յУԾǨţɼԲʲô
ɼ壬Բðգɼ壬ȫġ
ȻˣǾͿʼɣ
ֱַһźǴųʱǴųʼַַ̼ϸңһźǲַ꣬ڶźǡźǡĿźǡ
һһźǵĴųַʱַϸ¿ʼ˱仯ߴԾǨʼ
зţҲַֻܹûн꣬ôźǵĴų
䣡
ַнħˣһ̣Ǵ̼ħڵʱӵַڡ


1679 ŴԾǨ
ڸʲô
ħڵн
ħ˵Ͷôʽһֱоôħȴûнչһͨˣôħ
ҲΪħ˷䣬ȴӶħİ취ǵоҪѧо֧š
ѵôǿԭ򣿡
ɼˣĿַħ˵ҲһֱͣȻͲ죬Ҳһֱš
ԭһЩ飬ǲ˴壬ַȡǿƵĴʩûжӦʲôЦŴϣǵö£µ۹Ŵ嶼
οҪԸڵַ壬öʲôǺǼսڶս͵Ͷ٣һҪڣôҪڣ
ؼǣôǼսڶսҲ˵ַ壬Ըַ壬ճ
ڵ۹Ĵɱǵȴɱܶˣ壬߼壬Ҳ붯ǵȴɱ
ֻоŸ壬ͳͳͬ⣬Źͬ棬ǵȴɱܶáڻԶԶûеֵز٣ɼ塢з֮ʹ⣬ߴ壬ĿǰǹΪ
϶ͬ⶯ôɱ
ɼ˴ͷɥַȴѾڽߴԾǨˡħ˵ַߴԾǨǳ˳
ߴԾǨַѾԼԼ·ܹĹˣ˵ıʡ
൱Ҫַ֤쵽ˡκ綼мޣһЩСǧ磬޾
Сǧ磬ͬмޣ֪ǰ˴ԾǨǾŴԾǨֻ߸ߣ
ңħ̺һ˿СǧĹԼⶼַѰҽ˿ռҪ
ȻǰַȴﵽļޣлħˣӦ˿ռ䣬Ӷ˿ռ䡣
ԽԽŨˣħˣȻСǧԪٵĹؼ֮
ַɫأüԪٱСǧ磬ֲ̫Сǧʵ̫ǿˣѷַ
һ籬Ԫ٣ַ궼ûоԵİܹѡ
ˣʣµ߿ħˣַüӿٶˡ
һ壡
ǣֱַӷɻսУſȥɼ壬ڿ΢һ
ЩԸ⣬ɼɻǽһУھŴ齨ĵ۹ᵱй

šĿħˣַҲ˳֡һΣַķħˣڴﵽ˰˴ԾǨ
˴ԾǨַѾĸܵļޣҲǡ컨塱ǾŴԾǨ
ַԾǨԶԶЩսʿĻǰһЩ֮Ҳࡣ
˺ڣȴԽԽ󡣻սʿվǻսʿַзţȫλɱ䡣
ǻսʿƺҲûʮ׵Ĵڣǿ߾ǾŽס
šƺһޡŴԾǨⷽСǧļޡ
ַָоҪﵽŴԾǨ͵ýʣµħˣͳͳռУħ֮ŴԾǨ
һ֮ѹĴ壬۹ľŴҲΣСһڡ֡ϣʼ˺
Ƕţõ۹Ĵɱϵ
۹սֻкڶսûϵսȴϵǵ۹ǿƻأܹݻһϵǿ
Ҳǵ۹ɱﵣưǿ
ҲԺܷչӿֲڣ۹ֻϵ
飬ϵԸ֡
Ըһˣһԭ۹ô
ڲ۶Դ⡣˵۹档
ʲô棿־õȫľſħˣȻоɹΪβʣµħ˶ͳͳ͸֣
Ŀǰ·ǶˡƷ۹ͳϵǾŴΪѣҪĽֻǾſħ˰ˡοڵΪʮ壬кѣûУֻҪħˣˣ͸ˡ
ϵݺ
գ۹Ҳ˾ûжϵΪǶַûǵĻֻҪõſħ˰ˡ
ھŴȨħʲô
οַ΢۹Ȩһ㣬£һЩ壬Ϊ۹ʮкѣ
ǣŴ˴ַ˻棬Խʣµħ˽ַС
ַҲŵȡŴڵ۹еȨ˫ֹͣԵսҲǽԴϲ
ַ忴ʵЩȤ֪ǾŴѡЩͶһдȥսߣɲ޴ˡ
Ϊħˣֵã
ħ˵ˣŴԾǨϣҪʧ
ַ˿֪ŴԾǨϵشļޣŴħ֣пܸӦ˿ռ䡣
ܲɵٵĿģͿһˡ
ŴԾǨ
һַ̣Խ꣬棬ڶǣĴųͳͳϡ


1680 ֮
ˣ
һ̣𶯣˶·Ϭ㣬̧ͷգǺʲôȴʲôûп
ļ¶ֻҪСǧӦ
Ĵųȫַϡһַ̣ϸеİضһࡣ
ˣܵġ족ʺϵ֮档ˣַİأŴԾǨѾ˼ޡ
ļޣСǧļޣ
ԼԼַ嶼ܡСǧĺģңڴﵽ޺ԼԼܵһһ档
ַʢеۣ֮Щ棬ͺһô֦Ҷһ飬Χһɡ
˿ռ䣬Ǹɡ֮С
ԭˡ
һַ̣۾ſħˣʵһѡԿסһѽ롰֮ɵġԿס
ֻӵ˾ſħˣܹ֮Сǧ磬ԿƼϵΪҲ˵۹ҪΪİƽ棬ǾͱҵſħˣҺ϶Ϊһ
Ǹʱ򣬾ܹ׶ϤܣԿħˣ棬սҲʲô¡
Сǧ硰Ԫ١˵СǧĺġеħˣǾͻһδս
ս;߱Ż𣬵ʱĽͻԽԽŨӶԪ٣״ݻ棬ڻУСǧõɱ䡣
ַ˿ſħںΪһ塣ܼħеںȻ׾١
ʱַгһ˶ħˡֳ˶ħˣַܹܵСǧ򣬷·һױȵġ֮֮С
ৣ
ַ弤ħ˵ʱӰһţ˲ʧӰַʧ˾Ŵһ㵣ǣڷѰ֮޹Ҳ֮
ڡ֡һϢΪ߻ܡ
ַ屻ħ˵Ĺâ֣գԼԼһþٴγʱѾ˾ǰ
֮棬Сǧ֮УȻ֮Ȼ֮治С
ַԸӦ֪Ѿԭȵ֮ˡңǽʶ㣬֪
ڿַ֮ҲòпСǧ֮档ΪСǧ˽ʵϣСǧָ֮Ĺ죬ֱ಻ʤСǧĹ죬Ȼȫһá֮ϣҲǺϡˡ
ಣ
ַûип೤ʱ䣬ֱһ粽ħˣ뵽֮ɵС˵ɣʵȴһͨ
ͨǳ֣ĳڡַԸӦ֪ЩͨĳڣȻ棬Щƽ档
Щ棬ͺ֮ķ֦һ飬֮ŹһСǧ硣
ѹ֣СǧӴ󣬱ʼҪӴʮϣ֮ܣء
ַѾ֪СǧĹ죬ĺģʵ֮
ȻַҪѰҵĽ˿ռ䣬ʵҲ֮֮УҾ֮СַܹӦ˿ռ䣬ħ˵ܸӦ
ˣ
Ȼַͣ
ʵ֮֮УûʲôΣգΣվҡ뵽ƽ֮пɾ鷳ˡûħˣͲ»ص֧С
ˣħ˾൱֮ġ֤ͨ
֮УһĿռ䡣Ŀռ֮Уɢһ˿˿ĽϢַ֪ǽԴͷСǧĵĵطҲǽ˿ռ䵱С
ʣǰһ˿ռ䣬ֻħܹӦȻܸӦҪ˿ռ䣬ʵҲѡ
ǣ׻ħˣħ˻һɲǣǿкܴĿܽ˿ռ䵱С
ȻҲһΣԣһʧܣôħ˾ͻˡûħˣַҪǿżܹ֮õһħˡ
ʱַ嵹Ҳûа취ȥһ棬¶ȡħˡţÿƽ棬ӦöħˣǾ൱֤ͨһС
ʧܣַҲ͵һʱˡ
뵽ַҲԥħˡ
¡
ħ˱󱬣Ϊ촷ۣʱһɿֲƺƵ֮֮֮΢
ͬʱַȴĸоǰĿռ䵱УԼһѺۣѺԽԽ󣬶һŨĽɢ
˿ռ䣬һǽ˿ռ䣡
ȥ
ַһϲŴԾǨӲסħ˷ʱĿֲץסݼŵʱ͵һܣɽ˽˿ռ䵱С


1681 
˿ռ֮Уַոս͸о˿ֲѹѹַĽ궼оļ¡
Ͼֻһֽ꣬ԶԶ
˿ռڣСǧ籾Դͬһݽߵĺһڽ˿ռ֮Уַǰ
ַȴҶκϢɢ
Ϊڽ˿ռ֮У˱ӿСǧ籾Դ⣬дЩǳֲַɣǸκζЩ˲ͻὫɱ
Խ˵ַֻǾŴԾǨܹͻļޣﵽʮΡʮһΡʮԾǨҲֵסôֲĽ
ַĽҪúõ˼һЩϾСǧͨСǧ磬ӴʮϣȻҲӵĿֲ
ֻǣôСǧ籾Դַ岻޶ԡ
ҵĽܸӦ˿ռ䣬ֱƿ˿ռ䣬ǿжȡСǧ籾ԴֻǣСǧĴٿ»ǰʱ򣬽֮£пڵļԪ١
ַüüͷѰˡ
ǰСǧ籾ԴǿʱճӣһʱõСǧ籾ԴȻʱճӣֱ뿪
أ
ôֲĽַڵԵֵһֽ꣬пܱݻ٣ʱʱճҲûãߡ
ðգ
ַãûʲô׵İ취ʵǣСǧ̫ӴˣַĽ٣Ҳпܵش
һ˿ѷڽʵĿֲСǧ磬ȻҲǵַǧѡĽҪѡһǿСǧ磬ӶôСǧ籾Դ
Ҳ޷٣һ٣ǻΣաȻ޷٣ǾֻܿԼһꡣ
һðգַпʧһ꣬ڣַҲֻѡðա
ʱճӣ
ַһȣʱ˿ռгһֵʱճӣڽ˿ռ䵱Уѹôǿʱճȴܹʩչ
ַȴûκɵĸоȻʱճܹʩչڽ˿ռ䵱Уַȴɳž޴ѹ
ǣǽ˿ռ䣬ǽֻһˡ
ңʱճһ֣̾˽˿ռڵĽ
ಣ
ַһʱ䣬ֱӽСǧ籾ԴץСͬʱҲƺƵֱ֮ϡ
䣡
ַػһ㣬һֱ۸˲仯Ϊ˻ҽҲڽĺ֮£Ϊ촷ۡ
ã
ַһ˿ֲΣΪ촷ֻۣʣꡣҪֱǿֲĽ
ݻһУοꣿǽȫܱ꣬״ݻ٣οһꣿ
һ̣Σֻһ꣬ʧˣַܵشһεĽҲʧܣòʧνʧء
ǣַ˿ûȥӲΪѰ·겻ӲʱճȴһʱյκҲڽ֮ϣ
ֻǣǰַûʱ֮ԵУǴʱաڣַȴòʱ֮ˣž޴ĸɣ
ˣ
ʱʱճ͵һ캧ˡ͵ľ뵽ʱճӵУƺƵĽʱճӵбĳˢţʱƣͻ᳹׵ɢ
һַ岻֪ḶĴۡ
ڣÿһÿһ룬ַ嶼ž޴ѹѾˣڣʱⲿֽ⣬ַԴݵĽСǧ籾Դߡ
ߣ
ַûκԥСǧ籾Դ֮󣬵һʱʱճ뿪˽˿ռ䡣ͬʱʱճӵʧЩʱճӵĽҲ»ص˽˿ռ䵱УƺƵ캧ˣ˽˿ռ䣬ǰ˼Ԫ١
ֻǣһѾַ޹ˡ
ˣ
֮Уַ͵۾Ľһֱ޴Сǧ總ո۾ѾиӦһʱճӳ֣һʱճеײײķ˳
Ҳ
ַĲ꣬ȷܵشǴ˴Сǧ籾ԴҲܵشûлҷˣһʱ䣬Ȼָܹ
ˣ
ַ΢΢ͷǣһѸٵ뵽ĽУΪһ塣
ˣû뵽һλеΣգһȫҿ»ܳʱ䡭
ַ¶˼֮ɫڿţһǲǻҪ꽵٣Ȼջ񲻴ʵ̫ΣˣǽҲһΣա


1682 񸮳
յУַ徲ϥš˲ԶСǧ磬Ѿ˺ƺƵļԪ١
μԪȻǰʵСǧ˵ôͣСǧܹסҰȵĶȹ
¾ͻͳͳڽһԪ֮ĵ
ַûżʹСǧ籾ԴҪĻָꡣڻָڼ䣬ҲϸĹۿСǧΡɱ䡱ģĻǿġϾСǧȹԪɱ䣬ʵƿСǧɱ䣬ҲûжĲ
ܹ۹ۿȻǺôࡣ
ʱһȥַۿСǧɢĽסСǧ硣һδεĻУֲͬһ㣬ϯСǧ硣
СǧͿʼͣһδεͣ͡ɱ䡱˲䣬СǧÿһμԪ٣Сǧ˵ΣգͬʱҲǻ
ȹȥɱ䣬Ȳȥͻ᳹׻
ǿ϶ǳðգȴܿƵģݻСǧ磬ͱȻҪΣա
ַѾ׻ָϾֻһˣһʱ䡣
⼸ʮʱ䣬һֱڹ۲ӴСǧı仯ǳٽСǧ磬ַڼԪ٣˸ֱ۵֪
ˣôСǧ籾Դ㹻ҵСǧ磬ȹڶμԪˣ
ַЩȣΣ꽵١ڶΣһЩ仯һΣԡ˹꽵ٵķʽٵСǧ磬ӴСǧ磬ǻ൱鷳Ļд鷳
һ걻ֻһ걻ַҪָǾ͵úķʱ䣬ʱ٣Ҳһ
Ͼʱ٣ڵСǧҲ٣ͬټԪٵĵ
ַܹΪٽôеĽȸУͻԷһЩˣ٣ٽǧĽУѾǵײˣǡмˡ
𿴶ٽͨʵϣٽҪɱٽǸͲܡΨĽٽߣпնɱ׽
Ľٽǧ磬ж٣󲿷ֶڿУͼȹμԪ٣¶Ķ١
ҪȹμԪ٣Ϊٽַӵ˳Сǧ籾ԴҲýĶԴ
ʱ٣
ַûп̫ãʼԼʱ٣Сǧʱ䣬ӭڶμԪ١
ӭӣӭӼԪ٣ǧУҲ൱ĺˣַȴܼᶨʱչ򣬿ʼСǧ硣

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յУһȦȦε𶯣ǧ硣һЩڱչصĽҲ۾
Ӧɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˿˷뾪ϲ
񸮳ˣ
ʱ䣬񸮿μԪųһΣҲóˡ
ٺ٣񸮰һΣ֪Ķôҡ
ڵȵ񸮳ˣһΣһҪõеСǧ籾Դһ̤Ľٽ
Ӧ󲿷ֽܼ
񸮣ǿǧУһλǧµһءֻĽµĽǽС
طĪܹõطһԾΪ
ĳЩڽǰɾ൱ˡޱȵĶ
ڽǾ͸Ķˡ
޶ʵһٽٽԼٽУ񸮵еĶСǧ籾Դ
Ȼ񸮵УҲһЩطʵԽãϾǿλǧµĶǵУ
ҪģʣһСǧ籾ԴٽޱȵĿܹ񸮵УôСǧ籾ԴһͲȥռСǧ籾ԴˣܶȹĴμԪ١
ˣÿһ񸮳ǶǧĴ¡Ҳ𡢽ġʢ¡ͨǸ߸ϵĽǣӵ񸮣ǰȥµһ˿Ե
ǧ綼ڽܹĵ׼ţЩĽϵĽʵҲܸȤϾµСǧ籾Դǿɲ٣Ľ١ٽޱȵĶ
䲻ܽᣬȴǲαС
αҲֻһٽˡ
ˣ񸮳ǣŸҲаӿǧ磬עƽˡ


1683 ٽ
յУַʱ١
⴦յУѾʧȥЧֻʱչַϡַ徲ϥʱճӵУǽϲκκۼʱĿţСǧȴ̶ݻֲļԪ١
ַⱬԪ٣ˣͷβܣƾСǧеĽʱ֮£ַСǧ磬ܿ͹ȥʮʱ䡣
һμԪʱ䣬ҲԶˡ
һμԪʮǧַ꣬СǧѾ˷츲صı仯٣ʢڶࡣ
ǴﵽǲεҲ
Щǿ𽥵࣬ȻͻͻлΪԴΪ˸˽Թ
ֻϢı仯ȻȻγ˽
ǼԪٵַһΣľһԪ˵Ϊֹʱˡ
ʱ٣ҲУֻȥʮϰʱˣСǧʱ䣬ȴǹȥʮʱ䡣ַҲ൱ڴʮʱ䣬ҲԶԶûйôʱ䣬˵ѵõĻᣬԳĳ˼Źʱ֮ڽȵȵ⡣
ʱ֮ϣַҲӵˡ
¡¡
ڣСǧ翪ʼ˷츲صı仯Ľ˿ֲļԪ١ԪɽһڻĽ֮󣬺ȻƺƵϯ
СǧееһУݻ٣ַСǧ繹ĵʱճӣܵӰ졣
ʱճӶôַСǧ磬Ȼͱˡ
ַ˿ңǵһζȼԪˣݻСǧ磬ҲǶȹ˼Ԫ٣֪ȹԪ٣ҪľСǧ籾Դ
ǣַӴСǧ統УõĴСǧ籾ԴѸٵ뵽Сǧ統УֲżԪٶСǧɵˡ
Ԫ֮һжΪСôСǧ籾Դ룬СǧѸٵȹ̣һ˿
ܳ׵ȹСǧ磬Сǧ粻ڼԪб
ʱһĹȥԪٺƺƵַСǧȴ˿ûбļ󣬷ԽԽȹ̡
ңżԪٵĿʼַСǧҲڲϵţʮÿһÿһ룬ַ嶼оʵġ͡
ǼԪ٣Σղ棬ܹȹȥǾջʮٱĺô
Ҳ֪˶ãַСǧѾˣɢСǧһƬǽ壬տޱȣһûС
Ȼû֪Ϊʲôַȴоһ˿ƺԵСǧ磬
֮󣬱ض
Ȼûãһ͵ˣȻǵڶ
ԽԽַСǧ±ķֻʱˡַ־磬ʵ޷ʲô
Сǧ磬ÿʱỵ̈һμԪ٣ȫΪҽζͨע
ңŽֻһԪˣЩԪ߸ϵĹϽǣֻǺεȵľ
˵ǲľβһˣȻȻž޴Ĳ࣬Ŵ󣬵ע
ַҡҡͷҲ֪ΪʱԽôҲὥĸı䡣£Ҳ޷ı䡣
ٽ
ַӿȵҲѵõӿһ˿ĸ顣ûɲΪŶ೤ʱ䣿ȻͳΪ˶ٽ֪²֪ᾪ
ֱ̫ˣ˭ô̵ʱڣΪٽ
ûУΪκνǶֻᾲĵȴڼԪٵĵǿһԪʱ䣬ʱԽǵ׼ҲԽ֡
û˭üԪǰ
Ȼ㲻ʱ٣ʵҲǰԪ٣ҷܼ򵥣ǾҵһԪٵСǧ磬Ȼ٣Ԫ٣ýӵСǧ統С
൱ڴ߻ǵһСǧڣôȻȻͻԪ١
ֻǣûرȣرаնȹԪٵĽְ취
ַҲҪְ취и㣬򵥵İ취Ǿʱ٣
һεĳԣҲַ峢ͷҲȷʱܹСǧ籬Ԫ٣ûκεĸá
ûȥˡ
ַԶǧķҲǣŻ򲻵ѣԸˣ
Ϊ˶ٽҲһ˿Ա֮Ȼһʱ䷵ػ


1684 ع
ˣ
Уַһһ̣Ѿص˻ʱճڴռⷽ棬ֱױȡַҲǿʱճӣȫǿĽΪԴݵߣȴ޿κΡ
һƽ˵Ҫ΢һ㣬һЩµƿߣʹԱǰһЩ
ַɨһۣ̾͸Ӧ˼Ԫ
Ԫҵһˡ
ৣ
Ԫ۾¶һ˿ɫ漴ַ̳ҷȥ
ܿ죬ԪҵУҲһʱ俴һϤӰǣæ£ڸϻǵ֪񸮳Ϣ𣿡
񸮳ô£
ַ΢΢һ㶣ѹͲ֪ʲô񸮳
ǣ£񸮳ǧ磬ЩһĶޱȵ˷ܣĦȭƣ׼д֣
żԪĽַͣҲͽˡ񸮳¡
ĵʱ򡣱λûҪڿһжܺá
£Ҫȥ񸮣
Ԫһʵ
һαȻʢ£ȻҪȥһ֡˵õ񸮵еСǧ籾ԴҶȹμԪ٣һΪٽҲһ
һΪٽ
Ԫţƺʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩȺ˷ܵʵ£ȹ˵ڶμԪ٣
ַ˵ͷҲ׼κˣҲˡ
ٽ
Ԫ𾪣˭ַ֪ǧ磬ΪŶ೤ʱ䣿һλҪȹԪ٣Сǧ籾Դ㣬ҲҪĵĵȴһԪʱ䡣Ҳʮǧʱ䣬ȵСǧȻȻԪ٣ŻѡȥȹԪ١
ڲŶ೤ʱ䣿
˵ʮˣһ궼ûУַȻͳΪ˶ٽ
£ѵСǧ磬ýӽСǧ磿
ԪʧɫƺҲֻһͣʵ̫ƴˣһλýƴοࣿ
ַҡҡͷˣӵʱ֮ʱ٣ȻȻСǧ磬ѸٹȥһԪʱ䣬ӶȹڶμԪ١
ԭˡ
Ԫ˵ͷԭʱ֮Ȼַʱ֮Ѿ÷зѾ֪ĵزַȴδκʱ֮
ڣַȴڼԪǰϡӵʱ֮üԪܸпַǾεģҲᵽ߻ܡ
ԪҲӵʱ֮ʱ٣ҪȹڶμԪ٣ҲҪСǧ籾ԴûиַṩСǧ籾Դַһ꽵١
Ҳðգǲ
£ѾΪ˶ٽûҪôðաҴÿһ񸮳һЩ䡣ȻЩαҲǽĽҲġеǶôҡûбҪȥðա
ԪȰ˵
ðգɣ񸮲ĽٽµĽôֻٽƲ˱ʱճӣɹ˿أʵϸͲðա
ַ嵹񸮳ȥһ֣ʱճ֣Ľ£η塣
ңΪ˶ٽСǧҲܹܵġɡˣʩչʱ֮ɻӵǿ
ʱ֮˿ܹǿ⣬Сǧ磬Ҳܼӵʱ֮ǿ
£Ѿˣ񸮵ϣһʱռģԸοһ
ǾͼԪˡ
ǣԪֱӽռϣַ塣
ַϢڻڣʼоŹ񸮵ϣ񸮵Ϣо͸Ȼأĵȴ񸮵ĳ׳

񸮼ҿ֣Σ
һλ֮͡
ħ֣ǿ뻢ıƤ
Цһħ̫ã²ֶΣ֣ħҲѡ
Բӡ£ȻЩֶΣʲôطʱҵЩͨٽл᣿
ħĻ÷˳˼ʵħǷûн񸮣һ񸮳ǻûгΪ
ռϢʵڲһƽ֮أÿһ񸮳н䡣
ǱصΣգ֪ôֲ
õСǧ籾ԴֻҪɣΣ
ħٴμӴ˳롣
ɣôģ
Щš
ܼ򵥣ΪҵĿĲСǧ籾Դ񸮵п̺ۻ顣ϴѡðգ꽵٣ֻϧʧˣܵ˴ˡֻоۻڶʱڣһָˣҪҵۻ飬ͿԵõ߳ɵСǧ籾Դ
ĶۻȻҲͲҪ߳Сǧ籾ԴʵǳĶ
ãԣν񸮣֣
ջǴӦħ飬ħֽ񸮡


1685 𶯰˷Σ
ǧ簵ӿĦȭơ߸ϵĽǣأ϶ûʲô󶯾Щƿǣһ𡢶𣬸ޱȵļŽ񸮵кݺݡһʡ
ЩȻǸ߸ϵĽ෴ûмԪٵвˣЩϵ𣬱ȽǶҪĸ
ǧ磬дʮԪϵ𣬼ֱǲ˼顣
Ȼʱ䳤ʲô񸮳ʱЩʱܳ񸮵𣬾ͳˡġ
һЩʼøֶΣƻգ֮ϧһдۣҲҪ£Щ񸮵
ϾЩ񸮵𣬶񸮺Ϥ̽棬ɻռһЩơ˵ΪЩ񸮵һЩ֣ò֡
ΪǧѾ̫ƽˡ
˭Ҳ֪ÿһλĳЩӦû˭֪ҸϢ񸮳ֵλãܳκεط
Щʱǧ統УЩʱͻաǳյУЩ޷ǰˣϾ޷յ档
˭޷֪񸮳ֵλãˣҶھĵȴ֮ǰЩ̫ƽǧ磬İ
˭֪Ǳǰƽ
ʱһȥڲ²񸮳λʱڳˣ¶Ŀ
¡¡
񸮳һҲأ෴ǳġߵǧ磬һΣǧ統гġ
Ĺ򣬺ƺƵ𶯣ͨ׾ٵĸӦ񸮵λá
µģУһλǧдǻۡ񸮣ĿҲܼ򵥣ʵΪ
ǵģһ˽֮ˣ෴ϣĽǿ
лǧ
Ϊʲôô˭Ҳ֪ΪǧȻͻ֪Сǧȴ֪Ŀġ
ʵûʲôӰ죬֪֪ĿģûκӰ졣ֻҪ񸮵УнҪĶֻҪ񸮵еıܶԽǽǾͻǰ̣ͣ뵽֮С
һ񸮵ĳ֣λȴ⡣
ˣڳˣ
񸮳֣һαһõ񸮵еСǧԴΪĽٽ
񸮳˭赲ҵõСǧ籾Դ
һ񸮳ףǡħԨ
ħԨﲻѾһλռ룬ǻںħԨ˻񸮳˻
һʱ䣬𣬸Ӧ񸮳ֵλʱһĶЩסˡһЩֻ
˿̾Щֻ
񸮾Ȼ˺ħԨǻĵ̡
һ񸮳ֵλã̫ˣܻڲڣûκˣעܵ𡣡
Ҳܳ졣
һε£һֱڻܳ׷¡ϾöٽȴκβһλһٽΪǧЦܲŭ
ֻǣȷκβ˻ַ壬Ҳֻܰŭ𣬲ᡣ
һΣܿĻңл֮Σܲ˷ܣ
ֻȻǳ
˿̣ڣַԪɫһ䡣ǿʲôһ޴񸮣ƺƵ˻Զ
Ȼڵ֮УȴڵΧ֮ڣҲ֮˵ǽˣǶ֣Შ
ȻһҲᶯ֣Ͼ˭ûн֮ǰͶ֣Ǳ˱ˣ
޾ԣ񸮳൱һʢ£𡢽һáʱһЩĦìܣȻпܻᶯ֣г𱨳ԹԹ
Ȼַǲɢ𣬵ɲЩҪҪط
ǻĸ
Ϊ˶֣¡ˡ˻ΪƽأǲЦ
ˣ˶ֹ֣»ͻɨַͣҲΪЦ̸
£ҪǲɢԱ
ԪС˽顣
ַ˵ͷ˾һЩԱȵ¼ƽϢٻҪѰٻԵߣҲڵ֮еȴᡣ˷⣬ϽɱΥߣԳնɱǽԳ֣Ϣ
ַɢһȻ


1686 İԵأ
ҾȻǵһ񸮵ˣ
УһѸǰﻹһˣ򾲾յУɢŻֺ롢ƴϢ
ȻûпϢ񸮳һµʱŻῪῪһʱ䡣
һھͻὫ˶ŲƳȥʧֻԪŻ³֡
˲²⣬֮ҪԪųҲҪʱȥռСǧ籾ԴԼ񸮵еĸԲڵĸֱ
ڶ𡢽ǰ
Ӱһλ𣬶ɲ񸮺󣬺ܿʹԶַӰͳһΡ
⡭ǻˣ
һݣ⸽ǻΧ񸮾Ȼڻˣ
ĳԱλ漴֪ͨɱΥߣɱۣ
ʲôôԵ
һҪʲô˿ս
Ҫ֪񸮳ǧ綼ˣ𡢽Լȫ֣
ԱļƣҲǿЦġλֻһλɵˣȴûпɽͺ̨ǻֻܰܣɴ񸮸ϥĵȴš
ʱƣԽԽ˸ϵ񸮸鶼ȴûнǰƺǶżڵȴʲô
ԽԽ࣬ڻġԵҪҲ˿һЩ˵Ĳ
Ҳ̫Ե˰ɣ⣬ֶܣ
ȻǻΧ񸮳ǧʢ¡Ҳǹ𡢽񸮵ѰٻԵջĹأǲ񸮳ڻڣҲֻ˽ˣ
ߣЩҲˣЩ߸ϵĽѵҲʲôٰ߽˽ٽȴ˵İԵ
ĲûӰ쵽ԽԽ࣬տʼǰά򡱵ʮλԱȻ𣬵ȴĵĸо
ÿһλѷǣô࣬ڳӣҪ˵ûѹ
ǻĵߣܲ֡
ڳˣ
Ȼռ䱻˺ѣһλ¶ɢǿϢĽˡ
ͨˣ
ͨǿһλٽǱȽĶٽ쵽ȵμԪٵʱˣò˶ãͨͻΪٽ
ȻǰܹͨȹμԪ١
ͨһ֣ͳյеȥŻֺ롢ƴ񸮣ͨҲһ˿â
񸮣ڴѾˣ
ܲܶȹμԪ٣ÿһ񸮵еջˣͨһλƴκ˶ֹõСǧ籾Դ
赲ߣɱ⣡
ǣһʱЩسȥ֪ͨЩȻһĶԥ
ζǶٽͨң˿̵ͨȥɱڣ˭ȥ֪ͨͨĹأ
˵ŭͨԼɱ֮Ҳһ
ĹأȴЩԱòӲͷƤǰڣǰ˵£ǻԱ񸮾һܽΪ˱Ⲩ²Ҫ֡
ںġΥɱ⡱Щȴ˵
û𣬸вǾ·һ
ţ
ͨȻ֪ǺħԨǻڵءһҲбĿľΪ˽񸮵õСǧ籾ԴȻ֦
ң˭֪ĻȻֻһٽȴǸݽɫǡնɱǽħѪӣöٽԱκβá
˲ǱȻ֡
ͨġͨڶĳԱ˿һλˣλƢɲ̫á
ͨĵͦ졣ףϾȻнɢˣòǧʱ䣬ĵμԪپͻᱬɡϷ˵ǰЩӣʧأûлöСǧ籾Դ񸮳׼ƴˣ
һλΪªİСߣпԽ
ӽƴƴθɣĪǿɢÿԺͱˣǱҲ⣬񸮣
ͨһ˿âͺӽìأ˫Сǧ統Уо
ͨ˿ɣ˿̼ԪٱǺӽһû٣Ȼֽնɱ
ͬͨٽǾкӽܵˣ½󶼵üβ͵͵ˡ
һʱ䣬˫ţƺһ̾ͻֱӶ֣ûǶɫ䡣
Ԫ£鷳ˣλˡ
֮£ЩԱֻԪѶ


1687 Ҫ˭
ˣ
Уһ˿˿Ŀռ֣ͨӽŵʱһӰӿռͨһ
ͨӽλαػô񸮻δλʹ֣δñռ˱ˡ
ԪһҲЦݡҲǽӵ˻ԱĴѶģϾλٽ֣Ǻεȵľ춯أܲΪĽضҪ档
ԪһαҲ뵱˵ͣ
ӽЦһ˿ƺûиԪӵĴ㡣
ԪɫһҲĿɲԼĿǻ
ӽȴ˲ӣסι᳹ĹأҪ֪ղŻİԵأ˶
ֹˣ»ᱻನʱ򣬻µĹأɾĳЦ
ǣԪɫһӽעִ硣˵͵ģ񸮳ĵطͬʱҲһ֮ڡλ𣬶Խ񸮣벻Ҫﶯ֣Ⲩ
ŶǻĵôΣ
ӽĿżԪЦ˵һαˣǻΣôôκε˱
ӽûнַС
ַͷʢնɱħѪӡǽ÷޿κΡҲ˶Ѱˣӽöٽһ鷳ѾܺˣȴҪвôܣ
ӣںӽУûôӡ
ͨһֱû˵ҲԺӽʹɱֵĻᣬʵ̬ȺͺӽһαҲ֮ܲ£ǻԳ棬Ҳÿӡ
Ԫɫ࣬ԺӽͨȴΪӽԣֻαĽУʲô
ʱ½ǰǽ
ӽ֮ͨ䣬ţûΪЩĵ·ӵ޼ɵ
ϵײԼԼ·籩һ㣬һ
Ԫʱòٴǰһ˵λһڣλһ
αǿвףվ㣡
ӽΪƵıƴУƺ·硣ڻһαͼвܲŭ
㡭
Ԫɫˣ·ҪγˮڲԴΪ˽֮󣬺ʱܵӣααҲǸ߸ϵĽûӽһ
𣿺ӽҪ˭
ڼԪĪʱһֺ롢ƴĮһ˲ص˵ĶС
ţһӰֱӴн٣ǰ
ţ
ӽ΢΢һ㶣漴ҲӦˡ
ǻλոճΪǧƣɫʵĻ
ӽЦһȻˣôҲ䵱˵ͣ
ַĿ˺ӽһۣ漴ͨΧ𡢽ƺĿַ塣
ʱַҲûжķϻն˵ֻ˵һ飬Χڣֹ֣λ֮£ܲţ֮⣬Ǿһ֮ڣΥߣɱ⣡
䣡
ַĻ˲籩һѸٵɢ
֮ǰĳԱ˵˵ǵҲˣûλ⣬ҲûλЩͨƽϡ
ڲһˣǻһλ˵𡢽ġ롱
Ѿвˣ
˵ǻĹأǽ𣬶ءΥߣΪУΪС
һʱ䣬ɫĺѿǸоЩҲסˣַˡԵ޼ɵ
ӽɫѿãַר
Υɱ⣿Ҳδ̫Ե˰ɣҲ̫ҵȽСնɱħѪǽʵ㲻ʲô
ӽĿĶַ塣
ӽһԣ
ַƺûںӽ֪ӽöٽ˿̣ȴһˣܾıסˡ
ţ
ӽ¶ŭ֮ɫöٽÿͨ·磬һһٽܵѵģ
ңַŸոճΪû೤ʱ䣬ŰԵӽ
񲻿ɲúӽ½ۡôӽˣ
ߣȻĿˣͽ̻̽ûҲ֪նɱһһٽħûʲô˵ġ
ӽҲԥһַ̣ɱ⣬Ҳ֪Ҫɱַѡַܻ壬ѹַŵ棬ҲǺݺݳ˿
ãϣӽڣ
ַһâ漴ڵСǧ֮û˿Ȼ


1688 սӽ
䣡
ַСǧ֮Ȼٽƣ޼ɵϯַӰ·ġߴ
ڶ𣬼úԶԶȴ·еϢһ㡣ҲܳԾ
⡭Ƕٽƣ
ٽⲻܰɣոǧ磬һʱ䣬γΪٽ
ûһԪʱ䣬ôڶμԪ٣ѵСǧ磬СǧԪٵĽǰСǧļԪ٣
ֻֽˣִôСǧ籾ԴȹڶμԪٵģ꽵ٰɣ
˼飬̫˼ˡ˵ʱ֮ǳأڿȻˡôͳΪٽֱ˼
ܾ̾𾪡
һٽٽҪһԪʱ䣬û˻ѡǰԪ٣Ϊûκ塣
ʵԽ죬ҲԽ죬ⲻʲôŵ£Ƿǳʵ¡
һٽٽʵסٵĽ٣Сǧ籾ԴͻȵӣΣա
ٵĽ٣ܶȹȥģҲֻаٷ֮ʮĽܹɹƺɹʺܸߣҪ֪ǿý
ÿһλǧ֪࣬СǧвܵһλôٵĽ٣˼Ԫ֮У˵Ҳǳľ㤡
⻹ֲģֲ߽ٵ˽٣һŹء
ܹΪ˽ٽģֻһɣ
ǵģһɣֻһɵĿܣˣǵ߽ٵĽǱıչأͲ£ӶСǧ籾ԴʹгСǧ籾ԴҲһܹȹ߽ٵ˽ٵļԪ١
ҶȹȥˣڳΪǧǧǧô꣬ĽҲ㹻࣬ǧж٣
λֻλǧ
УȷǺܱý߸ϣףСǧ磬ͨʵˣѾ۷ˣվˡ
Ľʵųɾŵ˶֪ҲڼԪ֮£ΪһҡЩ
ǱǿĴۣҪ򵥣Ҫңôף
Ψǿʵܱ֤ңڡΨ˭˭Ҳʵ
𣬻ʵǿܵԼ磬ܵǵĲǲٵСǧ統УԼ˶޷գк壿
׷Ŀ꣬ǧ
ֻгΪǧܵõңڣΪǧû˼ԪٵвʮԪǰٸԪǧɴڡ
ˣΪǧѣҲСǧǰ̵ȥԡ
ַˣ֮ʱٶҪһΪʵԼиԱʵҲΪճΪǧ
ԺܻȲԪ٣ԪٻΪҽкο£ַʱ䲻̫˵ʵѾ㹻ˡ
ѾǣңһֻУ׷ѰеУ׷ѰʱУ׷ѰУ㲻õңڡ
£;ˣҲԹ޻ڡ
¡
ӽҲˣû뵽ַȻҲΪ˶ٽˡΪַһٽ
һ£оΣա
ַһٽʱնɱħѪӣնɱǽڳΪ˶ٽأûһλ޴ģӽ
ַǱ֮ʮֵľ裬ַʵƲ⵽ͨҪǿ
˵Сǧ֮ײַûҲûʲôطˣСǧ֮ĺźӽ
ַӺܺ񣬻ʵһл֮СǧͱһҪӴڸˡ
˫֮ײַռϷ硣ͬΪٽռϷ磬Ҳκβ˶ԷĻͨҲôʱ䣬޷նɱӽˡ
ʵҪ΢ǿһ㣬Ҳޣκβ˺ӽ
ͨжϡ
Ȼѹ˺ӽ
ǻ治
ԣصʱ֮ûмʩչ
ʱ֮ǿǻĺƴ˭ʩչ
뵽ַĺӽû뵽
ڿֵľ裬ҲĬĬ׼ʱֻܱҪַ岻ʩչӽҲʩչ
ӽڶЩˣΪʲôҪӣˡ롰ԵֲֻˣнΪʲôӽȴҪַɱ
ڹڣӽȴ˿ûֵͣĴ㣬ڼš
˺ӽ޷ƾƣ޷ˡ
ַоâһһ̣Ҳûκԥ
ʱճӣ
ʱһ޴ʱճӣ֣֮УҺƺƵϯͷźӽֶȥ
ʲôݷ
ӽʧɫû뵽Ȼʩչ˺Ҫƴ˰ֻΪһֵ֮
ӽ֪ȴֻƴʩչͼֵסַʩչʱճӡ


1689 նӣķ
ɫһϵתǷǱӽ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ѾԪ
ԪķѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز˵ٽٽκβ˺ӽ
ˣܺӽףҪնɱӽܡÿһλƵĵƣǳ
ķֶΣַʱճӣȴûκá

ʱճһͬһƺƵĳһ˲㽫ӽ뵽УȻʱճӵеġʱ˻һĳˢźӽǳˢݷ
ַµľַһ뵽ʱճ֮Уʱճӱ򣬾ֻ·һ
ûܹߵʱľͷǧҲ޷ߵʱľͷʱľͷضǡޡҲûӡǵĴڣ൱ˡ
ԸħѪӡǽַǿʱճӣˢǵӡǣںӽҲһ
ҪƿʱճӣܡǣַСǧ磬ɲסʱճӣϾԽǾǿ壬ôַ˵ɾԽء
ַѾΪ˶ٽСǧ˲֪ٱˣʱճӾһλٽַ˵ҲǴԳܡ
෴ܳס
ҲΪʲôַôԵн塱ɱΪ˵ĵ
ʱһĹȥȻʱճ֮УӽǸоʱţֻܡԼСǧ磬˽򣬷ҲʧˣȻҲԽԽ
󣬺ӽҲ׵ġʧߵʱľͷΪˡޡ
ֳһƬžͨڣûκνˣöٽôϢˡ
ûѵսǱַʱճһȻӽƴȻ󡭡ûȻˡ
һ뵽ʱճ֮УǼ·һ
ӽˣҲò˶١ؼǣûκεֵʱճӵİ취
ʱ֮ʱ֮
ţٽе𺳡Ͼӽ֮ܣٽҲ޷նɱ
ڻַǰȴͬżһڲǡѴ֮նɱ˺ӽʵַѾλʵСһٽˣʵǿܹնɱٽǿ
ַһУջʱճӡ
ƺ׾پնɱ˺ӽʵϣַž޴ĸɡʱճӣûй߷ַʱճӣȴʱճӵ˿ֲ
źӽʱճ֮УַСǧҲ΢΢һԼ۳һ䷨ݷ
ݷһѾʱճ֮Уڳֵݷ֮ʱճǵĺıԴʱճ֮У̶뵽ַСǧ֮С
ݷֻ֮ҪγɿµķֶΣַ˵ԺսСǧķҲǿҲһЩô
ַնɱ˺ӽֶĿͨͨ˺ӽͨҲٺͺӽɱˡ
ַȻнΪУĿģֻ塣ˣҲ̨ͨ¡
ͨȻַ˼˵ͷǿЦͻˡ
˵գͨ㲻˵ϥڵϡ
˿̣нǶĬЩȻҲܳĬȴĴϢܿʹǧ硣
ʱȻ󲨡
֮ǰַնɱħѪӣնɱǽʵ̫⡣ٽǧǵġмġ
ңٽҲӵ˺ĵ̣ӵиֶָΣҪնɱǳѡĽٽҲһκεһλٽ
ϢȻ˷ħĶС
ɫ·𲻸Ƶġ
ȻΪ˶ٽնɱ˺ӽӽ˿Ҳѷҡ
ЩڣȥԸˡڿΣˡ
ħҡҡͷλ治ͬ졣ҪˣѵĻᶯֲɣʱ֮ӦûḺɺܴ󣬷޵ˣֻҪǽ񸮣õСǧ籾ԴΪٽҲκβ㡣
Ҳ˶
ղҲЩ𾪣ںܿͻָ˹
һΪٽǻҲκβ˱߰ɣȥ񸮡
˿Ҳԥħһ߽˿ռͨС


1690 񸮿
ǰѾ𣬵ֺ岻ͬһΣ𣬶ǳİ
֮ǰ£˶ַ֪ն˺ӽǾն𣬸ǲڻ¡
ٽֵܵסַ壬ûбҪ˭Ը˿ֲĻԹңͲʲô˵¡
ˣ
УһȦȦĿռ֣һΣӰ
ţ
ַ۾ΪܵһϤϢӿռͨУȻһһӰַϤӰ

ַһЩͷڷߣһλĹ۲죬еһЩ϶ԱȣҲ֪ܿ˶Էݣħ
Ȼħһж׼ֽ񸮡
û뵽Źȥô̵ʱ䣬ͳΪ˶ٽն˺ӽ
ַܶĿ޶ãˣˡʵ˵ַ֮䣬Ҳûʲô
ѾսһˣûбҪץסš֮һЩͻҲʵ
ַɲ롣ʼվãڷվŵλص߽ٽˣԷһЩɵġ
ȻڳΪ˶ٽʱճӣĽٽҪɱַ嶼аߡ߽ٽһעԼȲԪٵ߽ٽʱַܷʱ̶λصľǽ
ڣַ鱨ǽһֱû뿪һֱǱСǧ籾Դұֻ൱ķ
ǾǵٵСǧ磬׷׵ıܿΪ˲ŭǽϾǽʱпܷ
һλ߽ٽ붼ͷۣһѡھǽƺûзץÿһÿһ룬ȥȡСǧ籾Դ
ֻҪǽûзͺãûзǽͲַ壬ڣַǰȫġ
ȻַҲ̼ǽˣԷַ御ܲôԸ⣬Ҳûĺɱȹ
Ҫľǵȴ񸮿ǻڵСǧ籾ԴΪٽҲܶһ˿Ա֮
ʱƣۼԽԽĽˣҺãҲַնɱӽһսסˣûʲôⳳ֣һֱƽ
¡¡
ڣ񸮿ʱ䵽ˣ
һص֮С񸮿̫󣬵϶Գɿռ䣬𡢽롣
񸮿ǵҲѸٵʧֻ¶һڣڰǽҲ޷ʲô
ߣ
һȣֱӳ񸮷ȥ
Щ֪Ǿֻһȷɽ֮СҲûоðǿЩ޷вǣ񸮣Ŀ궼һ˫ʵûʲô̫ͻ
Ƚ񸮣̽̽·
һλλĽ룬ʣµĽҲʼ½Ľˡ
߰ɣҲȥ
εĿСǧ籾ԴһҪϧһдۣҪõ
˭赲Ǿͱֱ
ƽʱǸ߸ϣϧصĽǣʱҲĺͨһˣΪСǧ籾Դϧ֣в
ֻǣʲôã
ܲܵõСǧ籾ԴĻʵ
Ҳȥɡ
Ŀһַ壬Ҳħһ𣬷ɽ֮С֮⣬Ѿûʣ¶ˣֻʣ˻ˡ
ַĿЩһɨ˵񸮣Ǿͽȥɡ֮󣬸ҲָűһѣһжԻԵ棬ҲԹñˡ
·ģǼȻҽȥȻ׼Թԣ
ԾԾԡ
ǣַһ֣Ҳ׷׵ķɽ񸮡
⣬ֻʣַԪˡ
Ԫˡ
·ģҾûµġ
мԪȻġ
ַ忴һ񸮣˿漴Ҳԥһ񸮡
⣬˼ԪѾһˡ
ԪȴܸоƺǿľƬЩһ˿üԪеļ¡
ǱضͨҲĽٽ
֪һΣֻжٽ䣿
ҲҲһˣôԵ
ֻϧҵĽϵĽᡣ
ЩĽϵĽȻ޷񸮣ȴǲα롣Ȼ֪αջ񲻻̫࣬ǻԵ죬վǱһ˿ϣ
񸮳ЩĽϽӣзһֻǣ˭ܻԵͺô˭Ҳ޷Ԥ⡣


1691 ǻ
ৣ
ַһ񸮡
еһƬ֮ͬУһƬ޴Ĵ½Ƭ½ַ̫̫ĽҲ޷֮ȫ̽൱ʮСǧ硣
Ȼ½Ҳ̺ص磬ȴûйǵģһ״̬ڿռ֮䣬ǳ
ֵطҲֻǧܹٳЩ߽׽Ҳ޷ٳĵط
񸮵ֶطСǧ籾Դ
ַԺлŹ񸮵һЩϡʣַĵһĿ꣬϶Сǧ籾ԴʣµģطܹõȻܺáԼòϣҲԸԪ߻ǣʹͣӵĵҲܲ
ƶĶᱦ򣬶ÿһεĹ򶼲ͬһεĹأ
ַĴȥΧյûһˣȻڲͬĵطϾʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҫѡ
һأնɱվޣǻ顣ÿһǻ飬̺һһطϢʹúǻʧһٿǻʾڶع򡣡
ַĶУȻһ
ֻǣϸ鿴ʱȴûзǴﴫģ˵Ǵ˷дġ
񸮵ĹôҲ˵ҵվޣ
ַ֪վޣ֮еһ֮У޷棬վȴԣǳ档
ÿһͷվޣǳǿٶ𣬶ֻ֮Умӳɡ
ŲƵǧ磬Ǽ𣬶һǶ֡
վޣѲǸ߸ϣѾվ۷壬ˣվ޶Խ˵ʲô
ˣһأַ²⣬ӦЩµĿ顣Щ񸮣ҲûԵôͽ᣿
һأնɱվޣɾЩǵĻᡣܿʲôֶΣֻҪնɱվޣõǻ飬Ǿܵõһطǿ˵Ѿջˡ
ַҲİţڽ˵һزѣռһٿǻˣҲʹá
һãʵлڶءֻеڶأǽӵġ
ʼѰҰɡ
ַ忪ʼԷһСǧľҪѰվޣʵ̫ˡ
ܣڵĿռܴ󣬵˽ٶȣһƬһƬġɨ衱վ޶Ρ
ףҵˣ
ַһ漴ٳʱճӣֱ̤ʱճӣʼա
֮УǽҲ޷գֻܿԼٶȷУնɱվ޵ٶȣȻĺ
ַʱճӣȴֱַӴռ䡣

ţһͷվޣ⡭ǵù
ͷվޣˣԭΪĻԵ˭뵽ֱ塣
ôͷվޣ
һռ֮УǶɵûмκεһðս񸮣ҲײײϣܹһЩطǾܳΪ޵е
˭뵽һͷվޡ
һͷǶ˵ľϲλ𣬿ԳΧɱһͷվޡ
ͷҧҧ˵Ҳܳɹ
ͷվޣ˵ǾǾˣվ޵ٶȼ죬ҲɱӶ޷ߡ
ֻһСʱ䣬˾Ѿ˺ۣܵشˡôȥһʱ˾ͻȫ̽վ޵Ķ
ˣ
˾ʱгһӿĳӣ˸ǵĹâ֡
䣡
ţһֲ֮ʱճ֮͵ı˳һΰӰ֮С
⡭ǽ
ǻʱճӣ
Ȼǻ
鼤ɫֺܸӡҲ֪ǸһǱнڣǿ϶޷õվ޵ǻˡĳ֣ҲնɱվޣǵԱ
ˣʧҲź
ַһӣ֮ͬһϯſֲͷվϡ
ʱͷվûУֱӱ飬ǻ飬뵽ַС
ַ忴һˣʵǿҲܴվǰߣûѡӣܵشͬԿվޡ
ǧʵ̫ټˡ
ַҲһ˿֮ģ˵ǺܲͷվǣܲܰջᣬͿԼˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӾͽʱճӣӰ˲ʧӰ
Щ㶣ͷվޣ·Щš
ǻǵĻԵ
ϰʲôһͷվޣĻԵˣһҪץסλᡣ
ɱ
ٴαս⣬ͷվޡ
ʱַѾһտĿռ֮УгӣȻǻ顣
ǻ飿Կʲô
ַ漴̽ǻ鵱С


1692 ּ
ˣ
ַľǻ鵱УʱİϢʹԺУϢֱλꡣ
Щλ굱Уܻһط
ַѹʱǻѾʧˣַԺУ񸮵ľλܻ꣬õطͬʱǻʧȻȻַҪһٿǻ飬һأͻҪŬˡ
еþʧ
ǵһص壬ֻõһЩطǵȻʹǻѰطڶأǾͲʹǻ飬ӦѰ۸ǻ顣ֻҪ۵һٿǻ飬ܽһصĿ顣
ಣ
ֱַӳĳλȥûãѾִĳλá
ˣ
ַ忴һСɽ壬һץСɽ˲飬Ϊ촷ۣ¶һɢŰɫԵ
ǿȭͷС͸ӣַץУ־ȻһһӾͻΪһâ֮ϣǳΣ˲
ַԣҲ൱ǶҲֻܺҪƣѺѣǺܳʱս߶Χܴķ
ַҲ⡣ԼȻõϾһصطʵΪЩ׼ģԽȻá
ַҲʹ͸Щй͵𡣵õСǧ磬ȫҲõõı֤Щ˵ȴǲɶõ
ַ嵽˵ڶλãһΣõһطҲֻͨطǿǵһЩֶΡʵҲڽ֮һЩɡַ壬ķһЩʱ䣬ҲܹĥЩֶεġ
ַȴδĥЩֶΣϾЩֶζַôҲûʲôôֻǶǵսһ
ޣûмԪٵвңڣȻԺķʱ䣬оЩǿʵֶΡ
ַһƬһƬġɨվޡʱճӣʱˣϾͱκһλٶȶҪ죬ЧҲߡ
ûпȥһٿǻ飬Ǽɨվޣõǻ鵱еطԼ
ǧѷĻᣬطַ˵Ȼ޷ǿʵȴܹӻĵ̡
ַռǻ飬ֱǾܹ֮ͣõôطֶΪ
ˣַ岻ϵɨ֮£վ޵ҲԽԽ٣ַҲûټʹǻ飬ǿʼ
̶̼ʱ䣬ַɨһƬվޣõϰٿǻ顣
ַɨ˺ܴһƬҲòˡ֮УҪʿɶֹϾµ񸮣µطɲΪַһ׼ġ
Ľɨһգ˵ˡһλǧˣ鷳ɾʹˡ
ˣַʿɶֹڵõһٿǻ͹ϵֹͣ˼ɨޣǽһٿǻۼһ
ˣ
һٿǻ齥Ϊһ壬ͬʱһٿǻӿһصַס
ಣ
գۼ䣬ַʧӰ

¡
һ춯صصһС
ˣ
ħǱĴͨ˳
ʧˣѾǵˡ
ɫЩΣħ֣ȻʧܣҪ֪ǿǶ۷ڶصĿ飬Щ޿κΡ
ħɫ˵ǻлᣬĽûдһٿǻ飬Ҳ˵ʱûеڶأֻҪ취лġ
ħ˿ܣȷûˡͷռǻٶȺܿ죬ˣ˺ܿռٿǻ飬һִ˵ڶء
ΪһռȻֻû뵽ڶصĿѣ㵽ڣǶûдڶء
ৣ
ʱһεڴ֮УţһӰ˴С
Ҳһٿǻ飿
Ӱ۾͵һ·Щ⣬Ҳ
ַüëһҲ˷ħû뵽˵ͦ죬Ȼ˵ڶء
Ҫַ֪忿ʱճӣռǻٶȱ֪˶ٱռһЩطٶҲ϶١
ܹ֮ǰڶأ϶׼Ҳܳ֡
ħô˵ڶأ֪ڶʲôݣƺûдڶء
ַ۾ЦЦʵ


1693 ٽ䣡
ߣڶʲôݣȥһԲ֪ˣ
ɫЩѿַ˵ʹħΣȻûܴѾ㹻ˡ
ԭΪһЩƣֻǽڶأû뵽ַҲ˵ڶأǾЩ鷳ˡ
Ҳţַܴڶء
ַûʵԺоѾõ˹ڵڶصĿݡ
ڶصݺܼ򵥣ܱԼǿһħܽء
磬ͨĻһǻǶֻֻҪڶأԵľһٽħ
һٽôٵٽħ
ԴƣٽԵĽٽħ֣ôӦģԵħʵҲȵ
ȻֻǻܣǻɱʵҲǳѡ
ڴ֮ǰħԳŶһħʧˡ֣һħħʵҪǿ࣬ȴʧܡ
ৣ
ʱһˡһ˵Ŀⶼ۵ϡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊһٽ
ԪսҲˡ
ɫءԷǺպٽôضԴΪ
Ԫսоâһ漴ЦЩ⣬ǾȻҲˡڶأǶ
ԪսȻҲ֪ڶصĹأħڵڶأɫѿѾµ˽
ַ嵹ǲȥأܴȥܴȥȥżҲûáοڶ֮󻹻еء
ಣ
ܿ죬һЩ׷׵һٽٽٽСЩһٽһЩα󲿷ֶЩĽϵĽµα
ҲֻײһײֵڶصĹһĶҡҡͷЩαʵҪĽҪοԽս
ˣڶأϾαǱ̭
ȥһԣ
ôĽȴûλͷȥһµڶءգһλĽٽµαȥڶء
˶ھĵȴϢ
ʱ̣ܶԷոսȥȻ˻һشǱ
һ㣬ˡٽħ
λαҲû˵顣ħҶԽ޵ħЩħƽʱȦڽ֮޷뿪Ҳ֮УЩħ֡
ЩħﻹȻ߾ȫϧһдҪشնɱ˫֮䣬ûʲôЭء
ħΣȫˣѾ൱ˣ΢һģпܻ䡣
һʱ䣬нĬ
ȥһԡ
ãԪսվ׼ȥһԡΪٽʵȥڶأûʲôƣΪҪԵĿĽٽħ
ٵĽ٣ʵϸԪսʤС
˶ھĵȴţһӡʱһʱ
˶Щ죬ôһʱԪսѵǴˣ
ʱʱĸʱ
ʱѾȥһ죬ûж
ʱһλῪڵ᲻ᣬˣ
䣿
һ֮ǰûֿܡϾԪսٽһΣ񸮳ǧ磬һЩٽҲ١Ԫս֮һԵĽٽкٽֶΣӦò⣬ô䣿
¡
ڶصĴ͵Ĺرˡ˶ħζʲôŹرգζսѾƫƫ֮еصͨȴûп
ˣԪսˣ
š
һϢнж͵һ񸮳ǻԵڶҲǽѰһԵġ
Ȼ˵񸮵Ун䡣ʱ̫Զˣû˻Լ䡣ҵһնɱվޣԽ˵Σգ
ڣԪսˣнѡ񸮣ǷǳΣյĵطÿһζн䡣
һΣٽ䣬񸮳ʱǷǳټٽǧ磬Ҳֻܶ࣬ҪٽһܳΪĽٽǧ磬ǵ֮İˡ
ⲻһݣԪս䣬οǣ
ҪȥһµĽһ̶ϢģԥȥðˣøԪսһ³
ǷħݡǰܹȫˣڿҲ㹻ˡ
ȥԡ
нԥҪҪȥһԣַվɫƽƺ򶨣ֱӾ˵ڶصͨ
һ̣н׷ײĿĿһ˿ɫ


1694 ǻ
Ȼǻ
ǻҪȥڶأԪսˣѵܴ
ǶٽԵħûôֲֻٽħˡˣҪħҲѰ
أնɱӽĶٽҲûϣٽǵŰɣܳɹҲȥһԡ
нĿⶼַϣַҲΪȫĽ㡣
ʱ򣬻ܹȥڶصˣҪ
ַû˵Ŀ⣬ȥڶأԪսɹ񸮣ĿֻһǾСǧ籾ԴǴСǧ籾Դ
Σգ
һٽ۷ӵʱַ֮壬Σ
ַ岢Σգʱ֮ôױơǾͲʱ֮ˡǧҲ޷ʱ֮ˣ񸮵УַҲʩչʱ֮
ˣ
ַоһס̤ͨһ̣Ѿ뵽һİĿռ䡣ռܴܴһ۶ͷҲûʲôرѹƣԾʩչ
ǽˣ
ռ䵱Уһ
ַ̧ͷһһħһɢźɫħϢɢԶԶȵַնɱħѪӲ֪Ҫǿ˶٣Զٽﵽһޡ
ٽħ
ǿħַ嶼ܵѹ˵ħвʵش
Ȼǰַ岻ʩչʱճӡ
ɱ
ûжĻħˡ
ħѸͣ޴󡣻кɫȫ·γһ޴ĺɫӰ
صѹݺݵѹַϣַٽϢѹƵ˼ޡ
ַ岻òСǧ֮Ȼ
ݷ
ַһСǧ統еСǧ֮Ѹٵγһ䷨һ㣬ϵתšСǧ֮ݷ֮Уħĺɫ棬ֵСǧ֮⡣
Ǻӽݷַʱճնɱַ͵õ˺ӽݷ֮
ݷȻҲûַʧóַոۣû೤ʱ䣬ȴѾչֳ˾˵ķ
һʱᣬħȻ޷ַķ
¡
ħƣݺһַСǧ֮ϡʱݷתţ֣ž޴ѹ
ѹʵ̫̫ݷҲֻ֧Ƭ̣Ѿѡ
꣡
ݷˣһ̣Ҳľħһ֮ʣµݺݵĺַСǧ֮ϣȴСǧˡ
ַأһĳȻֻ֧סһңݷݷǷոҲܲסҲֻ֧סһˡ
ٱϾ٣ֻٽħҲԶԶǶٽܱġܹ֧סħһʵѾǳˡ
ͿԿٵ˳ս·شһǺķءħˣҲ͵ֵһ΢һˣѸٵ˳
ַɲֻ˻ءϾôҲʧܣûͨڶأҲ޷أ޷õ񸮵Сǧ籾ԴⲻַĿġ
ַǿֶΣݷҲСǧ֮ʱ֮ҲĿǰַյǿֶΡ
ֻǣһʱճӣħ뵽ʱճ֮УַҪܵĸ֮أַģҪնɱħǸҪصĴۡ
֧Ųס
һַ̣ûκԥ
䣡
֮Уһֺ޴ĳӳˣƺƵӿϢ·̺޾ءʱճӣ磬ȻĹǧûյʱ֮
ʱճһ֣ʱƺƵֱһͽħ뵽ʱճ֮Сַһܵѹصѹ
ѹ֮󣬼ֱ
Сǧ磬ͷ·ѹһɽһɽ·ʱСǧ硣ַȹ˶μԪ٣˶ٽڵСǧʮϰٱڸ޷ס˾޴ĸɡ
һ˲䶼޷ɣ
ͦס
ַ֧ţٽСǧ磬㹻ȹ̡ǽٽʱճ֮Уܹһʱ䡣
һϢϢϢ
ϢַħϢʼһϲ
ʱ⴦ռ䣬Ȼһ˿˿ţ͵İסַ壬˲ʧӰֻ˴ʱճӵеҴϢһֵħ


1695 ף
¡
񸮵𶯣ڶͿ˵صͨȻˡڶص֮ͨرգнĿɿڴ·𲻸Ƶġ
ʲôŶ೤ʱ䣿ϢϢͻٽħͨ˿飬ôܣ
ǿٽħֲȥԹʵ̫ǿȫ˶Ǻܲˣ˵ǻܣôģ
ѵʱ֮˵ʱ֮أǿ󣬵ǿûģ֪
ʱ֮ħǽˡ
Ѿ˵أУζҪȥƴһѣûһ˶ôСǧ籾Դ
ַ̼ˣȻַͨβͨ
ǣ׷׽ڶ֮ͨǰѾкܶʧܵĽѵٽǰ֮ɵסڶȵġ
ֻǣܹͨģȴһûС

ಣ
ַоתһ޿ɵֱֵӽŲƵһ֮ͨСʱճҲ֮ʧ
û䣿
ַϸӦһ£ʱճУûħӰϢҲûħĺ˵ħû
ͨڶصǻħնɱħˣַʱճӣħ뵽ʱճӵһʱ䣬ʵжħˡַ屻Ų뿪Ƭռ䣬ʱճû˿ƣȻҲʧˡ
ʵַҲˣټȥԼҲ֪ܹ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䡣ĿǰСǧ磬ҪȫסնɱһٽʵЩǿѡ
ܲܳɹƴһԡ
ĳɹַҲԻʧأСǧѣܵش⻹Ǻõģٴһ㣬ַСǧ綼᳹ױ
ڣַСǧ磬ֻһЩѺۣʵˣգۼѾָ
ˣ
ַ忴˿ܣһ֮ͨСʾǵصֻͨҪͨ˵أܹ񸮵еĴСǧ籾Դ
ҲѵġڵصʲôַҲҲûЩеˣҲϾÿһ񸮳ĹغͿ鶼仯֪ؿݵģֻ
Ȼָһ¡
ַûмŽأϥͨУĻָ״̬۷״̬ʱ۾ŵȥ
¡¡
صʯĿַȥȴ˾żҡ
ܿ죬ַԺҲõʾżҵУһŶصطֻҪ񸮳һʱڣطǾܹڵСǧ籾Դ
һεĹӮͨԣҲһƽĻᡣЩصĽֻҪ˭ɫҲǲܡϳǰͨĽСǧ籾Դ
˽⵽һַɫȴĺܹŹ֡
һʱ䣬һط˵·ǳĹƽӵʱַ֮˵ȴֱ
Ϊʱ٣
һʱ䣬ʱ٣ʵϲط֮ãһط
ѵڵСǧ籾Դصҵģ
ַСֹţֱΪĿ飬Ѵ֮ɡûмַûɣǲ׼ġ
ַȷǧôĺǳ
ڵ飬϶ȷ˵ģǸʱ򣬿ַ嶼ûгΪ
ַ֪˵ؿľ忼ݺҲԥѡһңֱ˽ȥ

һص֮УӰƯ֮С
ৣ
ȻӰһ۾
кӣǼ¶һ˿΢ЦЦ˵УؿЩǸСһﻹΪص׼ġأ˼
мһӣȻҲɵһЦСһǰ;񸮵ĿģЩ󱲽һ˿ϣͰλɳܲ򵥣Ȼӵʱ֮˵ǲǻһλµĴУ
һλµĴУǵڣпܻʱӡǡҪ֪һλ˲ʱӡǣǵҲʱӡôǻطҲʱӡǵĴ˵ֻǣץס˻ᣬȻʱܻ֮СȴѾ㹻ߵ㡣
ǰѾ㹻ߵ㡣ǣҲǳΪǧſʼĽӴʱһ»ûĶࡣ
ǸСһѾʱ٣طˡƻĹذô費Ҫʹʱ٣
˹أ⵹ڣڵĿ飬ҵµĿ飬ڿݣҲȷκˡȻʱ֮˱ˣǾĻԵơ
ҲԣĻԵСһ˰ٽ˻ԵСǧ籾ԴĽٶˡ
ǧ̸ཻţ۾񸮣ӵʱ֮ĻҲֻ΢˼ˣͲ̫ע


1696 Сǧ籾Դ֣
ڵˡ
ϣֻһλܲ۵Ľ˵Ǻܵ͵Ķٽ
Դַ崳˵ڶغ󣬾Ľǰ̣󲿷ȴûͨܵش
ѾһоԾ̾˳ڶأܱȫҲûн䡣
ֻǣʱȥ˼£Ȼûٴڶء
һΣ˴˵ڶأִ˵أ֮ǰܵ͵ϣ
ϣֻΣǰʧܣΣ֪ϣʲô취Ȼ˵ڶأ˵ء
ֻǣϣ˵غ֪˵صĹغɫ͵һ䡣ַ֪壬ѾڵʱˣҲ϶طµʱ䡣Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ץʱˡ
ľʲô̲ˡ
ǣϣҲܿѡһңȥˡ
˿̣ҵУַЩء
ҶٰˣȻǲһ㣿طжѣ˵طҲϣ˲Ż˼ѣ
ַɫЩŹ֡
Һ󣬾šǳŹ֣һŶԽЧģר֮
꣬Խ˵ʵϾȻϾǵĸСǧ磬ꣿû̫⡣
ǿˣʵҲкô磬һЩǿø͸о꽵Сǧ磬Ҳܽ±Ƚǿꡣ
ȻҲиĺôַ岻ֻ֪֪⼸ֺôˡ
ַãȻЩط˿顣ȻὫһЩѰط϶ĳ⡣
񸮵ΪΪ
ˣַҲĺģκΣýʣȻѡ
ֻ˵Ĳط
ȻѡˣַͲܷοʱɱﵣôطҲýгɹ
ʱѾȥˣղһӦһλѾ뵽˵أ̵ˣʱ仹ü٣
ַΪСǧ粻̫ĸɣˣ֮ǰʱ٣ڣٱˡλȽطɹǾ͵òʧˡ
ϾһҵԼطǲٶȽľˣʱͲһطʲô
ʱ٣
ַٴμӿʱٶȣʱСǧ綼ž޴ѹÿһ죬ַ嶼·ȥꡣ
һꡢꡢꡢ˰ꡢһǧꡭ
ַʱ£ַǲͺķǧʱ䣬һʲô֣ǧʱ䣬ֻΪһططȫַ塣ôʱ䣬ַǡǿԡҲط
ˣ
ڣַ۾ʱ֮֡סֶΣķǧʱ䣬ֻȥµʱ䣬ͽԲ
Բ״̬µַоǳ꣬׳һࡣƺôǿһλ꣬һλٽꡣ
׳һʲô
ԭַΪ׳һɶܲˣû뵽Ȼܹ׳һ֪׳һЩôҲֵˡ
ңַ廹оʹѾﵽԲ״̬ȴζž޷ٶˡ
෴Բ״̬µԶתÿʱÿ̶ڶַꡣҲ˵Ժַ岻רŶ꣬ʵҲԶת
ʱʵֻһ꣬ٳɶ࣬ԪӵҲ൱ֲ
Ŀֲ֮һطַʱ֮ʱ٣ܻΪ˿ܡ
ʱһãַͲΣһ겻ʮ깻ٲǧꡢ꣬Ԫ
ʱܻ֮Ϊ档
ѾԲôصĿ飬ǲҲͨˣ
ַңңֻڳط󣬲ܴ򿪡һ򿪣Ҳζţ˴˵أԻڵСǧ籾Դˡ
Сǧ籾Դ
ַңͿǰ棬һž޴ĽɫԲԲڣźСǧ籾ԴַûпôСǧ籾ԴԶõСǧ籾Դ
൱ʮϰٷСǧ籾Դ
ĽٽϵĴڣڵСǧޱȵĴѣڣЩСǧ籾ԴȴΪַС
Сǧ籾Դңҵġ
ϣһʱ͸Ӧַ壬ַ뿪ңַ֤Ѿͨ˵صĿ飬ԻСǧ籾Դˡ
ϣģҲطˣǷıСǧ֮ͼңȡСǧ籾Դ
ֻǣոձһɸǿ٣˲㽫ϣסֱŲƳ⣬ȡ˽񸮵ʸ
ַûϣĶһԥ̴һץ㽫޴ĽɫԲץС
ƺûκ谭ǳɡ
ַ֪һеǰᶼͨ˵صĿ飬³ֻϣһŲƳ񸮣ȡ񸮵ʸ
գСǧ籾ԴַУ


1697 뿪񸮣׼μԪ٣
񸮣ڶͨͣĽһɫƺ˼ͨڶء
ʱȻڶصͨ͵Ĺرգκ˶޷ٽ롣
ţǵԺֳһϢ
˴˵أСǧ籾Դˣڶͨ׹رգֻ˵һؿ飬ɿȥնɱޣֵط
ңֻʣС˼£ڼº񸮳һ꣬񸮾ͻὫ˶ŲƳȥٴʧ
һϢȻ󲨡
˭ͨ˵صĿ飿
֮ǰصľֻˣһǻȽȥġһЩ͵ϣ˼µʱ䣬Žء
λռƵĻǻϾȽȥ£˭Ҳ֪صĿʲô
õСǧ籾Դļʣߴ˳ϣ
һӮͨԵĹأǰ񸮳򻹲һܷһڿûлˡ
ϧϧ
϶ʧı顣ٱŲƵһؿʲôãطʵԽ˵ûκˡ
ֻһȺʧ߰ˡ
ˣ
жôʧ벻ȴ޷ıֻ֣ܹԹԵȥһأնɱվޡ
ЩվЩùˣĽǷɱ¾ڵվޣҪ¾һա

ַصҵУʵ൱İȫ٣мµʱԴ֮Уû˭Ҳ޷롣
ոַյϢڶءصͨرˣҲ˵û˭ܹ
ǳȫǿһԣǰԪ٣ȻɽٳΪĽٽʱ̫һЩ
ַЩɡ
Ȼʱ٣ʱ䣬ʱٹ죬Сǧܶܲס̫СǧɲһܹȥһԪʱ䡣
ˣ뿪ɡ
ȻȫҲģַҲûа취ĶȹԪ١
ˣ
ַʩչʱճӣ֮У޷ʱճӵˣַ˵ʱܹ뿪
ǧ޷סַ壬ַʱ֮жôĳȻ
ַ̤ܿ뵽ʱճ֮УֱӾͷص˻ҵһʱ䴫˼Ԫ
ԪѾ뿪ˣһȥУȹμԪ١¾ͽˡ
ԪӵַĴһϲ֮ǰַûʲôģϾ񸮵пٽˣռͷСǧ籾Դѣ
ڽӵַĴʣַѾСǧ籾ԴջķᣬḻܹȹμԪ١
һȹǿٽ
ٽһν֮УʵҲѾĽپͷ֮£İˡ
ǧ磬ĽϵĽľͷÿһλַ֪λǽʹû
ֻǱַʱ֮һȤзͷ
Ǿͷͬǽη壬ԭܼ򵥣ͷڣܳնɱġ
һ١ٽٽʵնɱһٽбֶΡ
ַʱ̫֮죬ûλٽܱ֤նɱĽ
ĽٽͲһˣĽٽСǧ磬ԶĽµĽСǧ磬γɾԵѹ
ҲǣСǧײֱӽ顣Сǧ綼Ϊ촷ۣȻҲˡĽٽĿ֮ĽٽƺΪͷԭ
ַܹΪٽǾĽˣôٶȣǧжûеǺպǧҲһһӡһһĶȹԪ٣Ϊǧ
ַͷ·ڡԾһӴһ˶٣ڸҪ٣ٶ֮죬ֱ˼
û˻ַĸȣ˽磬ѾûνĸˡȹԪ٣ǾǶȹû˿Ľҡ
ַԪ󣬾ֱӽʱճӣһƬİյСţǧҲ޷㡱ľλá
뿪ˣǧ磬ȫ
ַ峤˿ʵ뿪񸮣һҪԭܸо񱻿ӡ֮ǰҵУʱٵĹУܸоĿڿ
ܺΣҲ޷˭ڿʱ֮ڤڤеĸӦ
ַã񸮵ˣڿ̽
ַûҲûмκһλǧ֪ǧϲãˣȻõСǧ籾ԴַȻͲ뽫Լվ뿪;ԥ
ˣôСǧ籾ԴϣҪʧ
ַһ˿â漴յУʼʱ٣׼ӭСǧĵμԪ٣


1698 ٽ
ǧ磬ѾŹ񸮵Ϣ
һ֮ʧ˱ŲƳһоͶˡַ壬Ӯң񸮵еСǧ籾Դ
û֪񸮵ежСǧ籾ԴƲ⣬Բ١һλٽȹĴμԪ٣ΪĽٽͷ
ӣͻĹϵˡзΪӣ׼ħ֣дչ֣˭뵽ַСǧ籾Դ
ңһ񸮵жСǧ籾ԴԿ϶һַܹȹμԪ٣Ϊٽ
Ǹʱƾַʱַ֮彫Ϊͷ֮µĵһˣٽݺң޵С
λöٽݱܷâ͵¡
ʱһȥ񸮵ನţһ죬᳹׵ʧȴһδǧ磬ѾӡĽٽϵľͷڹעַ塣
ǧЩַȻ֪˿һصյУһȻɢһ˿˿Ϣ
ЩϢѾ޷Σ޷ƣɢ˳˻ƻ˥ܵϢ
Щнľͨˣ϶ϢڽȴٻϢһ֣ǾֻһܡļԪټˣ
ৣ
ַ͵۾һ˿â
һԪˣʱһԪټ٣
ַԭһֱʱ֮Сǧʱ䣬һֱȥһԪʱ䣬ӭ˵μԪ١
ַȻ֪ʵЩСϾһλǰԪ٣ûУûκһλѡԼġ
ϸϣģмԪ٣ҲζֻмԪʱ٣൱ٻ˺ܳʱ䡣
ַ˵ʵһԪŸԪûκ𡣺οѾ㹻Сǧ籾ԴαĬĬĵȴ
ȻѾˣǾͱɡ
ַţѾЩȲˡֱ澰˵ߣ϶ǰ޹ˣнôڴżԪٵĵ
¡¡
ַĻ£ԪٳױˡƺƵͬӿĺһ㣬к˲ϯַСǧ硣
Ԫ٣ַϤˣѾǶٽβϤԪ٣
һεĵμԪ٣ԶǰμԪٸӵͣƺƵϯһУһУַ壬ļµĸо·ʱᱻ֮Ϊ촷ۡ
ֻǵμԪٰˣǵĴμԪأ
ַ㹻Сǧ籾ԴǣͶСǧ籾Դڻά
Ԫٳ˺ܳʱ䣬ٻ
Сǧ籾ԴȹԪپ࣬ȻгСǧ籾ԴҲܱ֤ٷְٵĶȹԪ٣ɹɻܸߡ
ʱƣԪٽĽΡַСǧ򼱾ͣÿÿȹһμԪ٣ǽʵʱ
ַʲôʵͽʮϰٱ
ˣ
һΣСǧڵʱճӣǡǡ֮ǰһС·һӱδӣӿϧ
ɣַСǧţСǧʱճ˵ҲкܴĴٽãʱճַи
ٽû뵽ôͳΪٽ
ַţϲɫʱҲ޷ٰסˣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǵãոǧ磬ܳΪ˸߸ϵĽʵϣַ̫塣
һǽ͸Ҵַ塣
ַȻааǣһͨ𽥳Ϊôûаǣοʱ֮
ˣַʱҲҪʵҪԭ
ڣֳɹˣô̵ʱڣΪٽѾǴһ漣
ַֿһʣµСǧ籾ԴʮСǧ籾Դַ徭μԪ٣ѾоƺԪٳƿء
ʱʱһЩͻ¾ƶ񻯡гСǧ籾ԴµμԪ٣ַͻѡ
ַףСǧ籾ԴĲٶ඼ǵĴμԪ٣һǳͣͣ׼ڵСǧ籾ԴһЩ
ȻҲܳԶȹĴμԪ٣ַȴȥģһϣȹԪٵΣգС٣кܴİա
ЩСǧ籾ԴȻַ⡣
ҲգȲˣٽҵʵ˺ܶ࣬ʱճӵǿˡĽٽҲûһƴ֮
ַҲ˼ţȻûмĽٽĽٽǿĿǰʵʱ֮Ҳûһƿ֮
οַ׼ǧ磬ȥ취õһЩСǧ籾ԴֻСǧ籾Դ㹻ˣŻѡȹĴμԪ٣Ϊľͷ
ڣչ黹ǲһ㡣
ಣ
ַ岻ԥһʱճ֮УӰ˲ʧ


1699 ˣ
ַӰ֣Ԫһʱ͸Ӧˡ
£ȹμԪˣ
Ԫ۾Щš
ʱգ֪Ϊַܹڶ̶ʱڣȹڶμԪ٣ڣǶȹ˵μԪ٣Ϊٽ
Ѿٽˣ
ַҲûֱӻش
ԪһٽȻٽңСǧ磬Ԫ٣ǲǺΣͬҪʱ䣬ַȴôͳΪٽ
ˣʱ֮ӵʱ֮ѵʱ٣
ԪԺһ⡣ƺ뵽ʲôͷһ֣޷ƣãԽԽӽˡ
ֻǣ྿ΣʵԪ޹ء෴ַԽǿλαԽеλ
αġˡʵʹǼԪңַʵԽǿΪǧûмԪٵвǼԪҲ
α֮䣬һ˵õȮĹϵ
ַʵٶȵõԼԪ˵λɾ͸ӵȹˡ
ַ岻֪ԪôͷԪʵǧɷʲô£
ûʲô£һжƽǽµѾǧ硣
ַҡҡͷɲʲô¡ٵõСǧ籾ԴֻҪٵõһЩСǧ籾ԴַܹΪĽٽ
ַĿǰְ취һ־ŵ˴ģСǧ硣ַڵĵλӦû˻ٿˡ
ģСǧ磬ҲҪʱģջ񲻻ֻܴܿһһĻ۵㹻Сǧ籾ԴҪʱ䡣
ڶְ취꽵٣ַѾԹ꽵ˣЧ൱ַҲйǣϴӴСǧ統УȻջķᣬʵϣҲܵһ㴴ˡ⻹ַ֮£ãַ»ܵش
ܵشǳ鷳ַ֮ܣڶʱڻָ
Ȼõַǿ࣬򲻵ѣַҲ꽵ٵİ취
ֻǣְ취⣬ûеְ취ôСǧ籾Դ
ˣ£ǰʱ䣬Ľ˻Σֻǣʱûл
ĽΣ
ַ
ʵַΪʱ̫̣ʶѣֻĽһĽȻֻ棬Щʱ򣬻Ǹַ˴鷳
ȻĽ˵ΣǾͿ϶¡
ɣȥĵݻĽʲô£
ֱַһĵȥ

ĵĽɫأʵЩԥ
ǰʱ䣬񸮳ʵĽҲȥμӣֻǣǶʱȥط뵽һطһʱ䡣
ʱѾʧˡõһϢеСǧ籾ԴȻַõˡ
ǿڶٽٽ£ַռͷ֮еСǧ籾Դ
Ľַ˽⣬ôСǧ籾Դµһʱ䣬ȥǰСǧļԪ٣ͼΪٽ
ǣĽȥַΣȴûҵ
ٵʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ûʲôǾðȥһˡһɹĴμԪ٣ҲͰȫˡ
Ľٽô꣬һֻȹĴμԪ٣ΪĽٽľͷĴμԪ٣ֲûȫ׼ܹȹȥģǿҡ
Ľ뿿뷽跨ҪõСǧ籾ԴͼڶȹĴμԪʱиİա
ֻǣЩ꼴һëΣĺģ磬Сǧ籾ԴҲԶԶûĽ⡣
ˣһĽðȥһ˽أҪջһЩСǧ籾Դֻһˣȴȫ뻹һ֡
룬ǧô꣬ѡܷͦ࣬һЩ棬ѵˣȥȴֻлһ˰ˡ
ಣ
Ľ鸴ʱǰ£лǰݷñ¡
죬콫
Ľԣ鼤æԸȥ
ǰȥ˸գû뵽ڻȴǰݷˣĽеǸƻҲпܡʵ֡ˡ
Ľ
һϤԶĽĶС
Ľ¶һ˿ЦݣԶǵϤӰЦŵˣϷȵĺÿ࣡
ң
ַ΢΢һ㶣ѾĽǰ


1700 ħ
ַĽǰĽЦݡ
ûϲ֮жռͷõеСǧ籾Դ
Ľû˵ַ꣬۾ȴ͵һͫ΢ƺЩš
㡭ٽ
ַ֪Ҳû˵ͷһеСǧ籾Դȹ˵μԪ٣Ϊٽ
ٽ
Ľɫܸӣһ棬ַٽܸˣϾļƻУַʵԽǿǰҲԽ
һ棬ۿַһ𡱣һٽٽַ˵һԪˣһʱ䶼ûС
ôٶȵĽҲǳĽʺޡ
ȻҲֻˣַ壬ھϣĽûʲôˡĴսϧһд۵ĴսĽΣա
ʱ֮һʱַ֮嶼Ѿնɱٽ
ַٽѵͲնɱٽˣ
Ľɲȥһԡ
Ϸٶ죬츳ߵĽǵǧҲԶԶûлžޣǱ󡣡
ĽԵ̾
Ľˣ֪Ľǰұ£
ַû̫ȣ֪ÿһôͳΪٽˣ˸ַ̾壬ʱ룬ôͳΪٽ߹Ԫ߹·Ҳп
ĽĿǰҲֻٽˡȴһһӡǧߵ˽졣
ȴַ׷ϡˡ
ֻȹԪٵĽ֪ҪȹԪжôѣַ˳ɾͣĽҲãǼҲգַܷ
ȷһЩ£һͬǰ
Ľһᵽ¡̾;һ
ŶǺô֣أ
ַҲһЩȤٽȻҲ֣أ϶һ¡
˵ħ
ħǧǰʮĽ֮һ
ħϷǰħһ̽ԵõСǧ籾Դ
ַһСǧ籾ԴǴСǧ籾Դ˵ĶҲܣַҲеҪСǧ籾Դ
ֻǣħΪǧʮ֮һɲôôġ
ȻǧǾǶԴ󲿷ֽǽĽϵĽͬˡһЩħĽġ
ˣһΣյĵط
ĽˡֱԡħΣգп䡣ңԸðգħѾȥ̽¶ٺöûһЩͺôüţȥðҲֵá
ַ˵еĹǡ
ǵĺȫ档֪ħγɵģ
֪Ľ󡣡
ħ黯ħλ߽ٽսγɵһƬ˵λ߽ٽڽʱڣûаնȹΪһЩ˳ͻλ߽ٽһսֲҺ֮Уûвǧ磬򣬻֪ɶƻ
λ߽ٽͬھһƬս򣬾ͳΪħλ߽ٽʵ˴Сǧ籾Դ߽ٽ˵ԶԶȹڰ˴μԪ٣˵Сǧ籾Դȴ㹻ˣԶԶȻкܶ룬ҲùһЩСǧ籾ԴһЩĵûб̽
ϴΣϷðսƬҵһ̺ŴСǧ籾ԴĵطǸطΣգҶ˺ܳһʱ䣬񸮳ҽѣԾһ޷ЩСǧ籾Դˣһж
Ľһһʮħϸһ顣ַҲİͷλ߽ٽսͬھ˶Сǧ籾Դ
ܵõһɣǶ˲õջˣٳΪĽٽͲ⡣
Ľðսһʱ䣬񸮳ĻԵҲΪڽڻСǧ籾Դ
ڵõҪַ壬ַҲҪСǧ籾Դ˼һļϡ
ãʲôʱ
ֱַ˵ĴӦˡ
ţʹӦˣ
ĽЩסˣǿȥΣյĽַ弸ûκԥʹӦˣ
ΪʲôӦĽΪĽٽѵұ㲻ΪĽٽΣգ˵ģʱ֮ʲôΣգ
ַ嵹Ե֮ԴӦô죬Ȼеʱ֮۱ûκطܱȵù
ʱ֮ϷЩĵˡ
ĽЦһ
ȷֻ֪Σգˡʱ֮Ļַ˵¾㲻ʲôˡ
ַҪǾֻҪҲԸðա
²˳٣̾ͳ
ȻַѾӦˣĽҲԥ˾


1701 
籩Ͽȣﳣ궼շ籩ϯǽУвС鷳
ಣ
Ȼλٽ˷籩Ͽȡ
ǿշ籩üͷȴ΢΢һշ籩ʲôʱֹֻͣд籩Ͽȣܹħ
λٽȻҲǰħȻǧǰʮĽжΣգвٽðս봳һ
ֻǣշ籩ס˲ˡ
շ籩ʲôʱֹͣ˭Ҳ˵ʵǿдշ籩Ͽȣħһֻ֣ԵΧˡ
ԵΧ˿ֲ治֪ħежôֲ
ȻǷǳĿֲ߽ٽȫԸƴɱСǧѾɱòϢĽٽϻ΢ȫһ㣬룬Ҫܾ޴ѹ
λٽЩΣǽħҲֻΧһҪǻҡ
򣬾ĽٽȥҲΣգοǣ
ಣ
Ȼ⳯ŷ籩Ͽȶ
쿴ˡ
֪λ
ףϤϢ񡭡
λٽܾ棬ƽʱ籩ϿûʲôˣܵģȻΪ˽ħħޱΣգȻʱ˽ȥΧģϾ
ڣȻˡ
ৣ
Ѿշ籩ٶȶûмûκֱͣӳշ籩С
⡭
λٽһۣ
ֱӴշ籩ûһ˿ģҲٽˡ
λǺʶ
ʶ
ԣһλĻǶٽôֱӳշ籩У
񸮵У˴Сǧ籾ԴѾΪٽ
ٽܣҪΪٽҲһԪʱ䡣
һԪҲ̫СˣΪʱŶã֮ǰѾǻʵĶٽˡ
һλĽǴĽǧڣʱħ᲻ˣ
Ҳɣ֣ҲһںЩٽҽħĺ𣿡
λٽһۣȴʲôû˵е𺳣ȴ޷ƽϢԭǺֿܿͷʢĻʵˡ
һħڣдջ񣬻᲻ֱӳΪĽٽͷ
Ƕýÿһλ֮ӣһ̣ȴûšڻǰеţֽͬһ׷顣

շ籩УַĽһ˵Сǧ֮Ȼ׾ٵĵֵסշ籩Ľɱ
˻ġ
ղλٽѾҵˣǻݡ
Σ
ٽôͳΪٽǧҪһˡ
ٽҲ㲻ʲôΨгΪĽٽϵľͷǧ磬һԱ֮
Ľ˵ͷô꣬һֻΪĽٽҲԭȻǸ߸ϣֻĽٽľͷ
ˣ
΢΢һߵշ籩֮ѸٵĴ˳ȥǴշ籩󣬾һյС
ħ
ַ΢΢һҲɵǰƬգŸָĻ֮ЩСǧ֮ʲͬǳֲ
ٽҲóܾ޴ѹСǧ֮һУ̾ͻЩķˣ̶ɾҵ𵴡
Ϊ֮
ħҽֻΧԽߣħĻԽǿֲЩٽǿסںٽҪзһЩֶεֵС
ĽСǧУһɫɢڵĹâĽС
Ȼһܹ֧Ľħ򡣷ĻĽҲ޷ħôˡ
ĽĿַϣҲ뿴ַ徿ʲôֶΣֵסħĻ
ֵסַҲ޷ħ
ַһʱСǧУҲ۳һ
ݷ
ַӺӽϵõݷ൱ȫʱ򣬸档
ĽֵַܹħĻҲڷģ˵ͷ߰ɣֻΧǵȥĺ򣡡
ಣ
˻Ϊ⣬һͷڵħС


1702 ͷǿ߽٣
֪շ籩ʲôʱͣ
˭֪Ҳ޷Ӳշ籩ֻĵȴˡ
ףˡ
ȻλٽԶһ⣬Լٶȣշ籩̺ϢλٽȻļµĸо
ţ
Ȼǵͣ¶һɫӡ
Ҳħ
ɫӣһλٽɫһ䣬ǵ۽
ʲô۽ǿĽٽ
û뵽Ľپͷ֮ǰλٽλǿĽħѵħʲô·ǲ֪
ٽк𺳡
Ľٽô׼ģÿһλĽٽƾͷƽʱ֡ҲͷһЩ¼ĽٽǵӰ֡
ЩٽȻܹˣ󲿷ʵûмĽپͷû뵽һͼһλĽپͷ
ţ˵ʲôλٽħ
۽ɫһʵ
λٽ֮ǰý뵽ħ
λٽ
۽ֱʵ
Ľ
Ƕٽ𣿡
֪ǿӦϢӦٽ
۽ɫĺѿжһ˿âԺͷת
ѵǸطˣܣħĺ򣬶ҷǳΣ˭֣ᷢңǸطĽٽһʱᶼ޷ƣٽܹƣл
۽ɫЩءȻ̫ţĽǷħһܡȴòһǷǸطأ
۽ǧѰҵĵطժӡһΣ۽֮ԷأΪ˵õһķѪڵõһħոǸ֮еСǧ籾ԴڿһЩˡ
ಣ
۽̻Ϊһ⣬ҲѸٵķɽշ籩֮УһٽЩҲ۽ɫ֪ħķһЩ˲õĴ£򣬲ᾪ۽ľͷǿߡ
ǻǲҪȥħˣе۽ڣд·
ԶԣȾͷڣģǸϽ뿪
ߣ̾ߡ
ٽ˿Ҳû˼ٽħɴֱ뿪˷籩Ͽȣǧ硣

ַĽħУѸȥÿһʱ䣬ħѹͻǿࡣ
ַݷ壬ɸܵ˳صѹĽԵ÷ǳ磬Ȼǵһǰħĺˣǳо顣
ַҲģѹǿʮٱһ㶼ġݷ֧Ųסʱճӡ
ʱճӳ֮ϣй֮ϣʱճ֮Уַ岻ܵκӰ졣ֻΪʱճַĺһ˿һˡˣ򲻵ѣַҲĶʱճӵ
ǵ򲻵ѵ֮£ҲֻܶʱճӵʱճӣħǼֱ׾١
ڼڣַȻܵӴѹСǧ֧סû̫⡣

ڣħĺġĻֱǿĿ£һ١ٽʲô¶ᱻ˺Ƭ
ַЩҵУܵġ־ֻǣɡ־Ѿǳǳˣ¾ǵλ߽ٽ־
־нϢյС߽ٽҲ˶񣬴֣ͬھ
Ǳ磬żȻĳ˵ҲǱȻϾλûƴûд֣ܶȹڰ˴μԪ٣վữΪҽ
ҪŻҵУҵݷ֧Ųס
ַüͷʵ
ĽĿȣһҧǵýƬ򡣶ұ㹻ʱ䣬һΣϷⱻ뵽˺֮УͿŴСǧ籾Դʱ̫̫̣Ϸּڻ뿪ˡһξ˺ܶ׼֧һʱ䣬ϣܹôСǧ籾Դ
ַԣã˵㼶˵ٽˣĽٽľͷû׼Ҳᱻ˺飬׽ɱóȻȥ
ĽĬˡ
ҲģһõЩСǧ籾ԴҾܶȹĴμԪˡ֪ʱ֮ǳ棬ǽĻ޷Ӱ쵽ʱճӡܽУõСǧ籾ԴϷԸȥɣֻҪɣ
Ľ̲صСǧ籾ԴֲֻõɣҲһ˳ĶȹĴμԪ١
ɡ
ַ˵ͷҴӦˣħĺҽȥһ
ַҪʩչʱճӣпǲĽ˵˴Сǧ籾Դ
ʱһŭص֮С
˭ҶСǧ籾Դһ
ƺƵԼ޾ŭƺЩܻ
ĽٽĽپͷ
Ľɫһ䣬Щ԰ס


1703 սĽٽ
䣡
һ⣬ԶգۼѾ˺¶һӡĿĮĿַĽ
۽
ĽҲϳ˶Էݣ۽Ľپͷƽʱٳ֣û뵽ڳħĺ
ңղŵĻ۽ҲΪСǧ籾Դ
ĽҪСǧ籾Դ
۽Ŀ絶·ĽиһĽҲٽ˿ȴҲܵ˾޴ѹ·ѹĴ
۽ħСǧ֮ô˵۽ˣ
ʱַ忪ڣ˵ħСǧ籾ԴôôĽҲġ
ţǻһȻѾΪٽǲǾãôΪٽܲ˷ˣ
۽ϣɢ˺ƺƵСǧ֮Сǧ֮·ӵĪΰһ㣬ֱӡš˸Ľ
һ㣬Ľַ壬޷ħ֮Уǿάס㲻ˣοħ֮ж磿
ˣַ廹Ľһϵı鶼ء
۽ħСǧ籾ԴҲкܶ࣬ǶǸԷСǧ籾ԴƾֶΣܻöСǧ籾Դͻö٣Σ˳ͻ˭ûкô
ܵ۽ĽٽҲչֳ˿ֲʵַûзĴ㣬ϵܷʱڣΪĽٽܷ
ĽҲһҧ۽ħСǧ籾Դܶ࣬ൽ󣬾һ֣ҲΪٽˣһƾֶλСǧ籾ԴΣ
۽һ䣬ЦСǧ籾Դٶ࣬ҲӶࡣΪٽʲôҲΪ߽ٽˣЩСǧ籾ԴǱġٸһλᣬ
¡¡
ŵ۽һŭȣӴСǧ֮粨һ㣬캧ˡ˻ֲСǧ֮ը죬ΣַĽϯ
˼æˣűÿ籩ΣҲΪǱ
Žֻǵ۽һ֣˵Ǿ档˵Ǳˣ˵Ҳĳ˹ȵס
ĽٽǾͷԶԶǵ
Ľô룿
ַ崫
İ
Ľҧȷģܲġǧ࣬ðΣգ뵽ħвֹһΣŷħڵСǧ籾Դ
Ϊһַ壬ַܿʱ֮ħкúõġһʡ˭֮ðһλ۽ҪСǧ籾ԴΪСĽܸģ
ֻǣô죿
ǿĽپͷĽĽµĽȫ֮𣬲֮󣬷ĽҲᱻΪͷˡ
ǲһԣôģ
۽㵱ҪСǧ籾Դ
ַѾԽԽˡ
ţȻǲߣǾԶҲҪˣǿΪαܱΪͷĽ֮Ĳ࣬ԶҲ󲻵
䣡
һ̣۽ˡͷһ޴Сǧ磬ܹƺƵѹһУѹһУһУ
ΧЩԵ۽Сǧ磬Ҳֽͬһֱѹһַ̣壬ов
ʱ̣
Ľ٣ĽٽֱСǧԵУСǧѹһУٽҲնɱ
ĽһֻܷĵСǧֵ֮۽ֻǣСǧ֮ҲֻСǧ֮Сǧ硣
ˣһ۽Сǧ磬һκβ˵۽Сǧ硣߸޷Ტۡ
䣡
Ľƽޱһͳ˵۽Сǧ硣
ֻǣûκôʲôһӴСǧ磬ʲôô
ѹĽٽֱѹٽĽٽҲ޿κΡ
طܿһЩߣٶ͵ߡħҪƶһǧѣúķѺܴο۽ս
һʱ䣬ĽĽٽǿѾûģٲҲ޿κΡ

۽ֱѹַ嵱Сǧ绹ҪӴ
Сǧ磬ܵУ
ĽٽĵܵСǧ磬ֱӶԵУĽµĽֻܵСǧ֮űʵ
Ľֵס۽Сǧʱַڶˡ
ʱճӣ
һ̣һ޴ĺ·һУħ֮Сңֱӳŵ۽Сǧ͵һƺƵ֮ƣƺ赲
۽ɫһ䣬֪ǧ磬˶֮ɫʱճӣ̺ʱ֮Խһй򣬳Խһ
ạ̊́


1704 ʱճ۽
䣡
ʱճӣ͵Ľ£Ҫ۽Сǧ磬ڵ۽ıˣֱӾ뵽ʱճ֮С
۽ɫ䣬֪ʱճӵҲ֪ʱճҪĨǱضҪܾ޴Ĵ֮ۡ䣬αƴһ
ô˵Сǧ籾Դˣ
ԷָһСǧ籾ԴֻҪ㳷ʱճӡ
۽һ˿Ҳǳɵַʱճӣʵַʱճйоַ֪ʱճӣҪַͬ߱徳͵ˣǳףҲС
ҪǿĴڣַ͵ø޴Ĵۣóܾ޴ĸɣп֧Ųס
Ļַʱճ޵ˣ
ǵķ˾Ųʮ۽ȥģһ뵽ʱճӣǾֻһˡ
û뵽ĽٽַȻ˵ĹϣȻĶʱճӡǿַĺһʲôˣǻ˵
һ̣Ѿݲõ۽ٶˡֻܷıСǧ磬ѸСǧ͡
СǧַͣʱճҲͣҵһζԵУγ˽״̬ǰʱճӣҪô־뵽ʱճ֮УǾͿַСǧܹˡ
Ͳ
ڣȴ˽֣Ľٽȷ򵥡
ɱ
ʱĽҲˣҲû˿ԥʩչ˺
ĽȻΪġҲԭġĺȻ뾫йء
ţ
۽оԼһɶƽʱǵûʲôַʱճӽֲ£ܵӰ죿һ˿һӰ죬вɲΣա
ã
۽һңСǧҲûôֲˡַһ߶ʱճӣ͵һֱӾ뵽ʱճ֮С

۽ʧ룬һ뵽ʱճ֮Уľֻǣʱ˿̣ȴСǧʱճӵ
䣡
ʱճȫ٣۽Сǧ磬ȫ뵽ʱճ֮Сʱַ΢΢һûκηɵĸо
ΪСǧѹʵ̫ˣѾ㹻߿˵۽ҲûԤϵԷСǧ˿ֲ
ֻһ˲䣬ͳܵ˾޴ѹСǧ綼Ѻۡ
ĺȥַûаġ
ôˣ
Ľһ٣۽ʵֲ̫ˣʱʱճ֮УҲڿɿˡ
ַɫ࣬Ҳ֪ס۽೤ʱ䣬ҲסҲס浽޷סĵطҲֻܷ
Ҳס𣿡
ĽɫأҲ֪ôˡһ۽ǾӲ˵ġ
ʵϣַĴҲΣաһʱճѣĺͻ𣬲֪೤ʱָܻԶ޷ָ
Ҳǽ׶úԭһˣֲˡˣ򲻵ѣַҲ
ֻǣڼϲòˡ
ѵûа취۽նɱ
Ľǲġ
취С
ʲô취
ܳΪĽٽɱ۽ѣ
Ľٽ
ĽԣҲֻܳĬ˿ܣֿħĺԺһͷ
ĽһҧʵҲûа취ֻǣҪðա
ʲô취
ܼ򵥣̽ħ޾Сǧ籾ԴϷ֪ʱ֮ʵʱ٣ôѡʱ٣ȹĴμԪ٣ΪĽٽɡ
ȹĴμԪ٣
ַҲǰһ
ȷЩðգҲʧΪһ취
Ȼһֱʱճס۽Ȼַܴѹַ޾Сǧ籾ԴǾ˷Сǧ籾ԴϵĻָСǧ磬Ҳ֧һʱ䡣
Ӳĺ۽
ֻǣķѺܶܶСǧ籾Դ󣬾ʣ¶Сǧ籾ԴĽַҲ֪
ڣƺҲֻôһ취
ܺùŵ۽ҪΣҪöˣʲôòòʧ
ãǾһԣ
ַ˿ҲԥʱճӵȫΪһ⣬͵ġײ롱ħ֮С
ˣ
ַʱճӣ谭ֱӾʹ͸ħĵֻĽһˣڽ򸽽֧š


1705 ĴμԪ٣
꣡
ַոսħ͸оСǧ磬޷֧ˣѾһѺۣԽԽ࣬飬鲼Сǧ磬ƺСǧʱ
ʱճ֮еĵ۽ڸھҵѾоƺҪʱճˡ
Ҳˣʱ֮Ҳˣסֱǳ룬ƣ
ŵ۽ԽԽʱճҲЩˡַž޴ѹвͻСǧľ棬ʱ򣬿Ҳ䡣
ַɾͽΣʱ̡һλĽ׾ͷȷôնɱסҲǧѡ
ˣ
ַ崩ħһĿռ䡣⴦ռ䣬ȻɳſֲĻпֲĽ
ЩֲͬʵĽӦþǵλ߽ٽСǧײ֮ġ
߽ٽĴս֮ԻͬھʵǶСǧ磬໥ײײ֧飬ȻҲˡ
ǡǡˣħܱŴСǧ籾Դǿλ߽ٽĻۣ»ɢ٣٣ʣµһֲ֡
Сǧ籾Դ̣
ַû˿ԥ̿ʼСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾Դ۵һڻ൱һСǧ籾Դַһһɡ
һݡݡݡ
Сǧ籾Դʵ̫̫ˡַ嶼ûмôСǧ籾ԴŴСǧ籾Դӿ뵽ַСǧ統УҲѸٵ޸СǧѺۡ
Сǧ籾ԴСǧĸʲôˣֻҪгСǧ籾ԴͶܹ޸
۽ĸоЩһˣԭʱճӣƺЩ֧Ųסˣ֪ʲôʱʼʱճֱȹ
ʱ䶼ʼˣ۽ʱĵ˵УоԼһʧʧĺǵȷʧ
ζʲô۽ζţַѾʼ˷ֻס۽ôˡ
ַˣôܣ
ܣⲻܡ
۽ɫ԰ףܵһһʧҲڿʼ˿־壬ʼ˾ʧ룬ֻǣʲôĶʱճ֮Уûκ塣
ַѾ׵ȹСǧ磬Сǧ籾Դܹʱճӵеʱ䵹ˡ
ʱ䵹ˣ۽ͻʧֻǣҪ׽۽նɱҲߵʱľͷǵúķѶô޴Сǧ籾Դǵòʧ
ˣַûʱ䵹˵̫죬ڳŶȹԪ٣ҲĴμԪ١ַ嶼Ҫʱˣԭܼ򵥣нǴĽ
ĽСǧ籾Դһƽʱһæң߸оܲӦ
ַ˵ȴǡʱҪĴμԪǰôЩͱز٣ҪСǧ籾Դʱˡ
ǰСǧļԪ٣൱ðաλðգóȻ塣
ΪһͻᱻԪٸճɻҽ
ַյСǧ籾ԴԽ࣬ڻ۵ĽҲԽࡣСǧչŸով˵μԪ٣ĴμԪٻкܳһʱ䡣
н壬ҲôԪ١ַȴǹôĽˣŽԽԽ࣬ģַСǧ磬Ҳɢһ˿Ϣ
ַСǧĽҲĳ֣Сǧ翪ʼưܵϢ
ֻĴμԪǰζͬӵңԴݻһУû׼׵ʵǷǳΣյġ
ĴμԪ٣ҲСǧ籾Դ㹻ˣ
һ˿ĸĸַѾˣˣھϣַ巴ûʲôϰ
οʱ֮Խһйһдھϣַ弸ͨ裬ֱеǧ
ַ岢֪ȹĴμԪ٣ԭô򣬻ôʱ֮һеһеɱѿС
ʱ֮һУ
ˣĴμԪ٣
ַ·Ѿ˽ѾоСǧ磬۵Ľ֮Ӵ󣬼ֱƺһ̣ͻ᳹״ݻСǧ硣
ַҲĳȣսⰺȻ
¡¡
ڣַСǧĽ۵˼¡ͬɽһ㣬˲䱬˳һַ̣嶼о·Сǧ綼㸲
ʱճӶû˺ƺƵĽС
Сǧ磬һ˲ͱ˺ѣΪƬַֹһ¶ֻĿСǧ֧顣


1706 Сǧ磬ʱʣ
ĴμԪ٣ַδо˵
ǵģƺһϢֵסСǧѾˣǰһΡκμԪٶܲһ
һεļԪ٣ȫݻһУַȴܸܵԼĴڣͷ·𡭡·ܣ
ԣܣ
ַĸоСǧ֧һɲǣʵһ˿˿صϵŴСǧ籾ԴУַСǧҲʼ顣
СǧٶȺܿ죬ٶҲһɲǼ䣬ַСǧˣͬʱȴСǧƬʼ
ַĸӦˣҲûлңԵú򶨣ûмʱճӣֻʱճ֮Уصע۽
ˣ
ַСǧ飬۽ʱճ֮УȻоʱ䵹˵ٶһӼӿˡ
ԭǰʮꡢĵˣڣһӾꡢʱĵˡҪ֪Խʱյˣ۽ʧĸ졣

ʱѸٵĵˣ۽ҲڿʼˣΪѾоʱճ֮Уô׾ʱ䵹ˣٶԽԽ죬ζʲô۽ˡζţַѾڳԺúõġʰˡ
ʮꡢꡢǧꡭ
ַСǧٶȼ죬н޾Сǧ籾Դ䵱Ʒٶˣ
ңСǧ磬ޱȹ̣ǰ֪Ҫǿ˶ٱʱճס۽ʵҲַСǧ磬û̫ѹ
ڻСǧ籾ԴԴԴϵģַʱճӾʱ䵹ٶٿ죬Ҳ֧ŵס
ַ֧ס۽ȴ֧Ųסˡ
ʱĵˣԽǵˣ۽ʵԽǼʱ仹ʲôڽ˵ʱ䣬ʵûӶʵ
˵ֻҪûжȹԪ٣ʵ̫
겻һԪʱأ
ŵ۽ʱĲϵˣڣѾӽһԪʱˣ۽ܾ֣ΪһһԪʱ䣬ǻᵹ˻ٽʱ
ʱַҪɱֱͬһֻϲࡣڣ۽ﻹַ֪ѾΪĽپͷǿˣ
ֻǣתʱճ
䣡
һ̣ʱճ΢΢һ𣬵۽ֻоԼСǧ磬ԭСǧ磬Ҳ
⡭ٽľתˣ
۽ޱȾ֣ޱ𾪡תֱǲ˼顣һΣᵽʱ֮ĿֱֲȴлҪ¡
䣬䡣̧֣ò׳˽ģ̌࣬֡
һ̣۽ڿֻˡ綼תˣʲôϣˣַ䣬Ҫַ̧֣Źһ
ģѾˣ
ַҡҡͷСǧ黹ûɣָоһΣʱ֮ҲСǧ֮УʱСǧһڲͬ
ûгɣԸ۽Ҳ׾١Ͼڵĵ۽ֻٽˣַûɵСǧ磬ʲôвˡ
Һúޣúް
۽ҽţֻǣַû۽ʱճ֮У۽Ѿ·һˣַ彫עСǧ統С
Сǧ磬ַǵãݻСǧ磬ʵϾһ顣һΣַʵʵķԾ
һΣĴμԪ٣ַСǧͬ飬ʵҲ϶һʵķԾ
ַĹ۲쵱У֣СǧĺҲʱճӡȻһ˿˿ʱյ뵽Сǧ統УСǧӶСǧ緢һЩı仯
Сǧַ壬ַСǧ磬߼ûκηֱ
ʵϣ㻯Ϊ촷ֻۣǱıʣСǧ硣ǣѾСǧˣֵֻһһ
ˣʱճӵͨСǧ飬һ˿Сǧ統кַʵϾ;߱һ˿ʱʡ
νʱʣʱյ磬ַܸоȵСǧɣôٷʱճӣ쳣ɡ
߶ʱճӣСǧĸɣҲļ١
ĽٽΪͷԭҲĽپͷ֮ϵԭ
Ľ٣ǾһСǧĹ̡ĹУǿҲ᳹뵽Сǧ統Уֱ˴ˡ
ĽپͷǣܱĺȻǿʲôĽٽǿ⣿
ڣַҲΪĽٽԺǿԶκĽپͷǣʱʣҲнУһ޶أҲǿʣ


1707 ճĽپͷ
ַСǧ磬ڷţͣﵽһ˼ĵزʱճӵתΪʱʡ
СǧеĽѾʧˡڵַ壬Ҫʱȹ̡
һꡢꡢꡭ
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡭ
תۼǰʱҴҶ
ʱ䣬Խ˵һգ۵ʱ䡣ĽħĬĬĵȴš
ڰʱ䣬ҲЩˡ
֪ɹûУɹˣôôûûгûгɹ
ĽѾȥˣûгɹҲΣգӵûκô
һλĽپͷǿߣĽҲûκεֵܹ֮նɱͽ׽Ŀֲͷ
ĽҲֻܽϣַϡ
䣡
Ȼħĺ򣬷·캧ˣֲķ籩ŰţĽҲòݱܷâ
ô£ħôͻȻôı仯
ĽǺȻħôʱ䣬ѾħĹɣͻȻɷ籩쳣
ŷ籩ңĽټסˣĽԥţǲԶħĺģΧȴʱȻħ͵߳һӰ
Ӱûʲô̫ıֶΣֻСǧ֮壬ȴħķ籩Уͬͥɢһ㣬̤˳
Ľ̾ͼˣѾϳǵӰ
ǻǳˣ
ĽܼȺ˰ʱ䣬ûа׷ѹ򣬵ȵַĳ֡ңĽϸַи캧ˡ
㡭ΪĽٽˣ
֮ǰĽϣַܹΪĽٽӶ۽в浱ַΪĽٽĽȴɺ𺳡
ҲҳΪĽٽ
ַҲûڣֱӻش
õĽٽǾͷңСǧѾʱʣʵ֪˶ٱ
ٽַڶȻ塣
һΣַȵϵһԾḶ́һΡʱ䡱
Ľ٣Ľٽͨ˵Ľٽһʵڿ治㶼ƾСǧ֮ħˣ˼飬ǲ˼顣ˣ۽أ
ĽȻûǵ۽ҲһλͷǿߣһѣֱŻɲġ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣҡҡͷ۽Ѿߵʱľͷ޵۽ˣ
Ľͷһַ˻е˼
ʱľͷ
ħѪӣǽֻǺӽǱʱճӵУߵʱľͷ䡣
һλõĽپͷȻˡңַֻǸոճΪĽپͷˣȻնɱһĽپͷ
ϢǴ˳ȥǧ綼Ȼ󲨡
ȻĽĲ²Ⲣ׼ȷʵϣַնɱ۽ʱɱ䵱УСǧ飬㲻Ľٽ
Ľ֪ˣ֪θ롣
Ľ̾ѣַ壬ֹƺ˵ʲôȴûпڡַһ̾Ľ뷨
ĽӦõСǧ籾Դ
ֱַóʣµСǧ籾Դ
ôСǧ籾Դ
ĽһϲͬʱЩɻôСǧ籾ԴԶԶĳôСǧ籾ԴѾȹĴμԪ٣һЩʣࡣ
ַЦ˵ĽģӦõɣԼɣҵ߳ɡʵħģСǧ籾ԴൽɵĻôࡣ
ǾͻˡôСǧ籾ԴϷԶȹĴμԪ٣ٻһ£ȹμԪҲǲܡ
Ľ˷ܣħ֮УȻΣգչջķᣬҲǲСﵽĿ꣬ԶԶԤ⡣
˾ͷնɱˡҲһִɾˣĽĵ׵ĵҲǿ˲١
¡¡
ħķ籩ԽԽˣַ忴һۣЩźħĴڣʵΪСǧ籾ԴԼСǧ籾Դǽһգò˶ãħͻ᲻ڡӴˣǧʮ¾Ҫʧһˡ
ʧ
ĽҲ΢΢һȻû뵽ַһħȻǧʮ֮һħʹʧˡ
߰ɣ˵ز˾
ַ̾һҲûټ飬ֱӴĽѸٵ뿪ħ


1708 ʱ֮
ʲô۽ˣ
ǵ۽ˣڵ۽ѾһƬҡ
۽һλαͬһʱ̣Ҿڵ۽ڣλαͬʱСǧֻе۽䣬Ż
ţǿõĽپͷô䣿ңҲû˵۽ҪȵμԪٰ
һϢħڣ˵۽ƺĽѵħʲôʣ
ǧ磬ŵ۽ıʣֱɲʲôС£Ҫ֪۽õĽپͷǿߣڽУҲӰĴ
һλĽپͷ䣬ҲڼԪ֮УȻ˺ܶ˵ֻۡǣ󲿷˶ãǲǵ۽ȥħħ⡣Ͼħǧʮ֮һĽپͷҲпС
ʱƣ־ķ֣ħȻʧˡ
ǵģʧһʧģһһʧӴˣǧʮͱ˾Ŵ
ô£ôħʧˣ
˵ħУдСǧ籾Դֻǣô꣬ȥ̽ҪôΣգҪôһСǧ籾Դ
ӦСǧ籾ԴϾǿλ߽ٽ֮ĴսͬھγɵĽ
ף֪˵ûУĽĽپͷ
ĽϢƣһħ͵۽ˡ
ǧȷл᲻ʲôϵ
ŸϢĻ㼯һЩˣѾеһЩè塣
רȥ˻ֻûмˣһֻǣĽΪĽٽȴǧȷ
һʱ䣬˶۷׷ס
ͬȥħΪʲôĽپͷ۽ˣĽΪĽٽûϵ˭ţ
лǣ浽ɷĻ
Ϊһ·ȷѪ֪꣬նɱ˶ٽˣһΣ᲻Ҳͻйϵ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬ĽĽٽͷû˻½ۡңйϵΣ
ȥԸĽ
˵Цˣ۽ûʲôѣУҪԸһλĽپͷҲõ
˿̣ĵ
紫÷зĻĽ
ַЦ˵ϲĽóԸճĽٽ
ĽΪĽٽַȫ̶ַͬ廹һ㡰СǾʱ֮
ַһֱʱճӣΪĽݻ
Ҳַɾʱ֮󣬵һΰȼԪ٣ΪֲַģĽԸóħڵõСǧ籾Դеһɣַ壬Ǵл
ַɲֻǡô򵥣ʵʵá
ԭܼ򵥣ַʱճסĽһĽԪʲô鷳ôַͻһʱ䣬תʱգʱյˡ
һĽеڶλᣬֲ֮ǰĴ
һðգͬʱҲһγԡ
ڽȻǳɹˣЧǳáˣĽǳмַ壬ζʲô
ζţַԸ⣬ܹٷְٰȹԪ١
ǷǳΣյĵڰ˴μԪ٣ֻҪַСǧ֧סֻҪʱܹ֮תʱգǵڰ˴μԪ٣Ҳʲôô˲ѹء
Ȼǰַȶȹڰ˴μԪ٣Ϊ˽ٽ
ĽתʱգȹԪ£ϣĽܹܡ
ַ֣ص˵
Ȼأһ¶ֱ룬¾Щ߽١˽ٽ᲻ϧһдۣתʱյġ
ĽȻӦˣ±塣⼸ţַܹġ족ǿĽЩȹԪ١
Ǻεȵ𺳣⽫۷ǧĸ֡
ַ˵Ǻ£ͬʱҲһı׶ˡĿǰַ壬ǾͷҲ޷ס
ǣַܹΪǧܱ¶ʵϵˡĽ֪ܣҲζţֻҪպַ屣еĹϵǲǣһ·١١߽١˽٣˵еǧҲûϣ
뵽Ľޱȵ˷ܡȻǧô׾ͳɾ͵ģ϶ϰ
ܹȹԪ٣ȵĶȹԪ٣κνˣĽȻҪεסܡ
ˣĴţ¶һЩ
ĽЩġ


1709 Σ
ĽĴţһ˵ľͷˣѲɻͷΪ䱨𣿡
ַҡҡͷͲ⡣
ĽЩȻҲǣҲþͷˣݵλѾһûбҪٺ´Ӱ졣
Ǻ˭Ϊ۽𣬶ǲƲģ̰Ҳաħλ߽ٽСǧ籾Դô꣬˲ܣʣµģҲͷˡһһգչһ鷳
Ľ˵ĺί񣬵˼ַˡ
Ľ£ΪΪĽٽϢѾˣַ壬ûдĽٽҾ㴫м˻ţ
ϾַųΪٽ೤ʱ䣿
¾˽ħ۽Сǧϵһ̰Ĵʹ֮£ȥַ鷳
Ľõģ˲ۣǱҲͲÿˡȻնɱһ۽Ǿնɱڶ
ַȻ⣬ĽЩġ
ڵ۵ַֽ࣬˽ٵСǧȥȡСǧ籾Դ
СҲ⣬ҲʲôΣգַȻֵôٳɡҳΪ˾ͷǿߺַеĽҲ˲١Ľʱ۵ַǧ󣬹еӡ
ַУЩȴС
۽̫֮𺳣ħʧˣչһЩͷע⡣
окâһλϵĽپͷǿߣѾɢ˽ϢȻѾƲסҪȼԪˡ
ֻǣâûаնȹμԪ٣ȻԴС۽֮ԼħʧϢ󣬺âһЩС˼
רȥٽϸѯʵĵ۽ԼĽ¡
ٽʵԸ棬ȷǼ˻Ľּ˵۽۽൱ķŭ
Ȼ󣬴ҾͶ֪ˡ۽䣬ħʧĽΪĽٽһϵе£磬ȻƲ⡣
һʱ䣬âлȡ
ˣĽһǵõħСǧ籾Դǿλ߽ٽСǧ籾ԴĽĽپͷе鷳ֻٽõЩСǧ籾Դһš
뵽âҲƲסĵļ
̰úâһЩе뷨
ĽúâһЩɵֻٽˡ紫ţʱֶΣɲ⣬һ·նɱ˲ٵĽǡ
Σ
پ٣ɾͷԶҲ֪ͷжôĿֲˣâ˿ҲûнַС
ɵĽ˭Ҳ֪Ľַ֮ĹϵжʱĽ֣ͬĽٽâҲûгѹĽİա
ðһЩգâѾҪȹμԪˣõСǧ籾Դ·һʱֻҪһ߻ᣬâ
ҸסĽб޻
âһ˿âԺоͳһӰ
ǣâѸٵĻΪһ⣬գۼʧ١

ɺһƬѪɫ·ɱ¾
âܵɺҵɺɺ֮ǡѡǰһЩɾ¡ǡѡˡ
񣬺âһ˰æһ뵽ɺϾɺҲĽٽ
âʲôˣ㲻Ƕ׼ȵμԪˣڻʱ䵽й䣿
ɺһѪɫ֮УɢļµϢ
ٺ٣ɺһαǸһ׮¡ǵãҲȵμԪ˰ɣиʱ䣬͵ٵμԪ٣֪ɺ׼ôˣ
ߣâùĨǣʲô¾ֱ˵
ɺҲЩŭޱμԪˡ׼ҲãȻаңʱ䣬ܵõСǧ籾Դ
ĽٽǿһĻԵһûĻԵȹμԪ٣ĵÿˡ
ϣϣҲ֮١߳ɿܣȲμԪ١
ٺ٣ɺһα͸һĻԵֻҪˣҶȹμԪٵСǧ籾Դ͸ʲôˡȹμԪ٣Ҳûϣ
ʲôȺ£
ɺȻȤǣâһһʮ鵽ԼһЩƻ߸ɺ
ãɺüͷ˼
˵ֻҪסĽܵõСǧ籾Դ
пĽ֣Ͼǿͷ㣬Ҳֻб޻ʱ򣬵õСǧ籾Դƽ֣Σ
Щ򵥰
ٲ򵥣һٽɺҲ£
âЦһ
ɺ̧ͷһۺâ漴һҧâҾһأˣ
һЦȻ˾


1710 ҲǾͷ
ַϢĻˣ˼Ԫ⣬˭֪
ţң
Ȼַüͷһ壬ȻҪһλǱǽңҲֻǧ緶Χ㡣
ں嫵յУ˭Ҳ޷㣬ǧ
ַʢĽµĽӦû˭ңĽٽȻûйĽߣ㡣
ַСĵԸ񣬱ҪֱӴʱ뿪Ҳ뿴˭ԼַڵʵҪһ˲նɱͲܡ
ʱʵԣַһʱߣ߽ٽҲһΪĵַŸͣڻС
ǣַɴྲĵȴš
ҵˣڻ
ߣ
ɺâϲֱӳŻȥǵٶȣܿѾϵ˻
Ϊַ壬ҪһЩʱ䣬û뵽ô׾ˣԷڻ֮С
˺âɺһǰݷûһ
â˻Ͽգغ
ţâɺѵң
âַҲѡ۾ȻҲӦ˺âɺ
λַ廹˵ģĽٽ
Ҳգȥһ
ַҲ壬ǣֱӷ˳ȥڸϵκϢĽٽҲǳ
λݹ٣һʧԶӭ֪λ£
ַӻ˳ɺâǰһַȻڻ֮УӣǸоĿѾԽԽˡ
â۾΢΢һУЦ˵һҡ۽䣬йأ
۽ûм
ٺ٣Ѿ˿Ľһȥħ۽Ҳȥħ۽ȴˣ˵ûйϵ˭ţһҲΪ˵۽£һ赽˶Ȼ뿪
Ŷ֪λҪ
ܼ򵥣ͽħڵõСǧ籾ԴˣŵμԪ٣ȴûл۵㹻Сǧ籾ԴۿŵμԪپҪˣȻļ١£ʲô¶пĳ
ַû˵ˣĿɺâһɨȻͷв
ַû˵â̶ЦһҲͬʱˣĽȣҲûκôɺһ˾סĽһЩ֪֮ҵĽٽǿ󣿡
ȻѾı˺ܳʱ䡣
ңַ΢һӦɺҲˣԪٻһʱ䣬âȷμԪûж೤ʱˡ
Ѿһ˿˿Ľ֡
ΪԶ˱
ַȻ̧ͷƽֶĿźâɺ
ţ㵱Ҫ翹ɣĽٽģûв´۽ӦĽħĻŽնɱġĻûħܵóѣ
ַЩ㵵ĿźâһĵģҲ֪˵ЩʲôˡƺâѾԲ˵۽ϸڣ·һ
ַҲ˷ʱˣѾĿȻѾע
ãһսַҲĽپͷ
â˵Ĳڴ٣ȷʲô¶óȻѾûŶȹμԪ٣ǾͲȥȼԪˡ
һַ̣ԭΪ޵Ϣһ˲ȫ
䣡
·ǧ綼𶯣ħԨһɿֲƵСɺâɫ䡣
⡭ĽٽϢ
ΪĽٽˣⲻܡ
ͷľͷϢĽˡ
˴һ֮ԸôĶǶʵšҲĽپͷ԰
ĽٽǾľͷ֮ϣ
ַʲô֮ĽٽǰͲֵһᡣ
˭뵽ַȻҲĽٽϢǿ˿˲Ҫǿ
ַ帩ˣֶ˵˵ĲĽٽΰֵܵģǾԱʱ֮
ַûжСǧֱ֮ʩչʱճӡ
䣡
ʱճӺƺƵǰ֪Ӵ˶ٱַ廰£ʱճҲȻ䳯ɺâݺһ


1711 ɱͷ
ҿ
ɺâʱճӺƺƵһо֮£Ҳԥ׷ʩչ˺
âʩչһâһʺƵĹââƺ޼᲻ݣûκûκֵܹס
ֻǣâǿ޼᲻ݣȴҲ޷˺ַʱճӡʱյԽһУһе֮ϣӰΣȴ洦ɼ
ַµķֹ͵ĺֻҪ޷˺ʱճӣַ˵첻κһ˿в
ɺҲûţĺһѪѪһ֣ѸپͻΪ󺣣ȫһƬѪ
ǱѪţǽܵۻࡱжٻۻ࣬ͷӲӦе
䣡
ʱճӺݺ£ӰΣȴֺƾİһ㣬λĽپͷһӾС
ɺѪǺâĹâʱճûκá˱һ뵽ʱճ֮УĿӰ
ôһѹλĽپͷ
Ľپͷɶתʵ֮ǿֱ˼ôǿ
ûôǿʱճӣȴôǿûпģʵʱճӣѾʱʵת
ʱʣһֿµʰ
һĿ⣬λͷսսɨЩĿı󣬿ɶǽ˿̣ЩٽĽپͷǣһĶ𾪡
ǾѾܸ߿ˣÿһΣǾϲƺÿһʱ䣬ֳµĶ
ڣǳΪĽپͷпӵʱʡʱʣʲô֮Ͼʱ֮ûнӴ֪ʱʣ
ɺâַǰһ˿֮ûСǳд⡣
Ϳ֪еĲˡ
д⣬ǵģַȷд⣬ǹ򶨣д⣬ûһ˿һѹ
ԭַԼҪܾ޴ѹ׼ϾǿĽپͷڶԸͬĴʱʱճѹһλѾеصѹеܴĸˣο
ɺâ뵽ʱճʱȴ֣ⷢɣǳɣûжô޴ѹҲûôֲĸɡ
˵ɣҲУֻһ㣬Դ˿̵ַ˵΢΢
ʱô
ַţһʱ뵽ʱʡΪĽپͷַ̥ǵģʵʱʡ
ַ嶼ûףʱʵ塣
ʱҲϡƽûʱʣҲʩչʱճӣʱʣҪ֮ã
ڣַʱʵĿֲ֮ʱʴ߶ʱճӣʵ̫ˣ˺ܴѹ
ͬʱַ״߶ʱճѹҲûжٸˡʱճӣΪַһ޶ɱﵣ
˶Ŀʱճ֮Уɺâڲϵţǵνǿÿһ춯أʼǳķ
ֻǣȴԽԽľ
ǰַֻǽʱճһ뵽ڡڣȴö֮ǰʱճӽĽپͷѹʱճ֮С
ˣ˶ĿλĽپͷʱճ֮оҵλĽپͷʲôֶΣƺһռ䣬޷Ӱ쵽ʱճӡ
ңʱƣλĽپͷϵϢѸٵ䣬䵽ٽľء
١١һ١
תۼ䣬λĽپͷϢˣңܿߵʱľͷΪ˻ҽ
Ľٽʹ䣡
нĿһĻĽеĵļ¡һдȻ˵ʱ֮Ŀֲʶȴ١
ǣۼλĽپͷɲǰèľͷǿߣô赭дĨɱ
ǵģĨɱд⣬ûжԻκвʱճһȻ;ĵȴλͷǿߣʱճг
ûʲô춯صսҲûвҵһĻеģôƽƽȴëȻ
ಣ
ʱгһȦȦţһϤӰյС
Ľ
ַ忴ӰǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
⡭
ĽӵɺâͷǿǱȻϢˣһʱ
ֻǣȴûзλͷӰλͷһ˿˿ϢĽַ˽⣬ٿ޴ʱճӣȻһ˿²⡣
ˡ
Ľ˿Цҡҡͷ


1712 ˱Ķ³
Ľ롣
ַ彫Ľ˻֮ǰǻڻһĿ⣬Ҳʧˣûٸҿַ̽ˡ
д⣬նɱĽپͷĴֱʣٽȻⲻ˵ַپͷ֮ϣ˵ֶַΣնɱĽپͷǿߣǶһ塣
ڵַ壬ѾǵǸոճΪⶼһٽˣǳɳΪܹնɱĽپͷͷǿߣǧ磡
ʱַԱ֮Ȼ㲻Ǹǣ߽ٽҲ뽫նɱ
Ľ̾һû뵽ΪĽپͷ󣬻ǿʱ֮ޱȰ
ĽƲȷģһʱϵ֧Ԯַ壬û뵽ɺâѾסˡ
ûиϵ֮ǰѾĽжޱȵ𾪣ַ֪նɱ˵ĵ۽
Ͼħ⻷ҲЩżȻء
ڣַĿ֮£ǧ磬ɱλĽپͷ𺳵һĻĽҲΪ֮𺳡
ӽ֮󣬿ʱ֮ӻĽļˡ
ĽЦ˵
ˣǽˣ
ַѯ˾ǽλ߽ٽƶַʱ֮Ȥз䵱ȷ档
Ƶַ嶼òȥյУκ˶޷㡣
ڣַһʵǽһ޴в
ǽöǣǽҲѱˡ
ţѱʲô˼
ַ΢΢һʵ
֪Ҳǰʱ䣬УҲ֪ǧǽѾɢĵڰ˴μԪٺܿͻᵽˣ۵Сǧ籾Դȴ㡣ǣǽͿʼˣʼЩ١߽ͬٵĽչСǧ籾Դϧһдۡ
˷ľǽЩ١ٽǵҲˣҲֻ̣ıܿЩ߽ٽͬȱСǧ籾Դܾǽǣ߽ͬٽİٻǽսս˭Ҳ֪ôˡǵαûг£Ӧöû˽ǡ
ַ˵ͷһֱӾǽΪĸ󻼣ǴСû뵽ھǽУַͲʲô
ûַ塣
һʱ֮ܰǽʲôǽҪСǧ籾Դ
һʱ֮䣬ַҲ֪Ǹ껹ʲôоǸӡ֣֮ǰһŬƺ׷˵ĸо
ַɫĽ˽ַ£ˣҲַ֪ЩʲôǣĽҡҡͷҲʧ䣬ǽǵȶڣѾЩˣǵĿֻһǾǧ
ʱڣѾûʲôвˡǰ꽵ٰɣʵˣ꽵٣ʵ̫ΣˡҪСǧ籾ԴԽԽ࣬ҪٵСǧҲԽԽӴСУСǧͬɳһ㣬֮ӴСǧ磬ж٣
ʵ꽵٣Ҳ޷ǴܶСǧ籾Դˣǵ·ӣǲµǽٵСǧ統СǰǶĽµĽֻܺᣬڣǶΪĽپͷǿߣȻͲǰİ취
ͷǿߣúСǧ磬ҪСǧ磡ÿһλͷǿߣʵ¶дСǧ磬ͳͳǶԵСǧ硣ѵ㻹𣿡
ĽĽַͣ彥ǰһ
Ľ˼ǣӦСǧ磬һСǧ磬ӶͣոСǧ籾ԴԴСǧ籾Դ
ˡ
ַ΢뵽˽ձԼնɱɺâ֮ǰնɱĵ۽ɶ˵ľͷǵжٶԵСǧ磿
ˣ
ˣлĽ
ĽҡҡͷãЩֻǳʶˣ֮֮ǰûж˵ЩһЩ鷳̫嶯ˡ
ţʲô˼
ַԼֲõԤС
۽նɱ粻֪۽һͷסˣ۽Сǧ磬ͱϷһˡ̫嶯ʱͷִǾ鷳ˡ룬ϷЩˡ
ĽЦҡҡͷ
ûиַЩ£ǺģϣַͷͻڿԶԶ͹ַʵ
ֲַʵﻹںͷǿߣ
Ҳ٣˱Сǧ磬һһĶ³
ַһâ


1713 ɺ
ˣڵøϽȥɺâСǧ磬Ļ䡣
Ľæ˵
䣿ԽԽãҪ˱ʣǺ£Ҳ㹻ɺͽڣͷˣ
ַĻĽЩȻܿͷӦ˹ȷӦԳַ壬ĽҲĽپͷȴ޷ͷ
ͻ
ңĽٿʼĽѾԤ⵽ַ֮ľ룬»ѸٵַʵٴţõСǧͻԽԽ࣬ʱոСǧ籾ԴҲԽԽࡣ
һѭַʵҲԽԽǿգﵽһĽĵز
ֻǣַܺһΣȴܺΡΣԶĿַߡУÿԼ
Ľ뿪ˣַ򰴱ȴüԪ˶ɺԼâĵĵȴš
ͬʱҲʼڵ۽Ϣ
ʱһţַɱĽپͷϢַҲءھͷУҲ죬ûٸַԼ
ֻǣȥһʱ䣬ַȴʧ
ԪûȾָɺâ
ַ·Щš
£ǧȷɺâȷûȾָµСǧ磬ǾԵĻܣ˸Ͳֻ֪еڵ˲֪
ַ˵ͷҲһλὫԼԵСǧ磬ƣոСǧ籾Դ
֪СǧϸģҲֻĵȼ˰ˡ
ַҲ֪Ǹø˻Ǹʧһʱ䣬뿴һλ̲סȥռݺâɺ
ȴȾָ
Ľٽңٽַܲ˰ɣ
ʵַЩ뵱Ȼˣٽٽȷַ壬Ҳκβַ塣ؼǣַͷ˭֪Ϊٻٽû⡣
ڵַ壬ûа취նɱַ壬׶ɱвַ巢ͻǵġ
ΪһЩСǧ磬ַСպַʵʱճӣնɱλĽپͷպǲǾնɱλپͷ
ܹΪˣ˭޴ǳΪ˾ͷǸޱȵѣˣһʱ䣬û˻ȥɺâ
ϾλͷǱַնɱȻҲΪַ֮ˡ
ַٵȵȣٵȵĻǣܾ͵ı·ʱСǧﶼҲˡ
ˣԪȥɺâɣһ
˵ֱ꣬ʱ֮һѾʧӰˡ
Ԫһϲţµʱ֮յԽԽˡ
ԼԪ۹⣬ַܿʱ֮ԽԽַʱ֮жô̡
ʵϣ⻹ʱʡ
ԴַΪĽپͷҲʱʺʩչʱ֮ԽԽɡǰҪʱգֻʱճӣʩչʱճӲܴ
ڣַ׵ʱ֮ܳ׶ʱյУʱմ
ַ廹üӴʱ֮ʱ֮оԶԶ㲻ʱ֪֮ʱһڣַ޷նȥԼնԼ
Ҳ޷նȥĵˣַָоʱ֮ľ˵УҪ־磬ԶԶڵʵܹɹġ

ɺѾһʱˣɺȻɢҲٱˡɺǾͷĵڶ𣬵
ÿһλͷĵ̣ǳɺͶһǧСǧ硣
ҲζţٵСǧ統еǣǧ𣬶ǧλ
һʵ൱ֲ
ԭɺλαԹˡֻɺնɱλαȻҲˣɺȺ׵ľء
ΪܿͻռɺʱЩ𣬴˾ǻһλˡ
˭뵽һȥˣȴûκǰɺĳɺԤϡ
ǣЩżˡ
ڸô죿ڶСǧеûлع飬ûнͲܿͨЩǶСǧ統У
ҵʦֻСǧ統УУһҪ취
ɺͷĵôûԸգ
ѵҪôȥֺʱǸͷ
˵Ǳնɱɴ࣬ȥɡ
ɺ㣬𶼿ʼı·ɺıֻǶûе֡
ʱƣɺȥǿɾ˵һˡ
䣡
ʱһɿֲѹ˲סɺϢĸо
ţһֺ޴صڵ֮С
ӽɺΪУΪڶ
ƺƵصɺ֮ڣһʱ䣬Ȼûһ˿飬¶ϲɫԵΪˡ


1714 
ַ彵ٵɺľһɨͽɺڵ̽ˡڵɺûнһĿȻڶ𣬻ַ忴ĵ̡
ǾͷԶԶȻҪǿöࡣ
ȻҲûκôκεǽǿĽϣûǿĽͻȻ
ַ塰塱ĻɺͱϷˡ
ֱַӽɺĴУɿֲѹ֮£ͷʾų
֮УҲҷӣʵ̫ˡ
ǶʵλǸһλʵûκεӰ죬һںֻһ΢ˡ
ЩַȻõţɺСǧ磬ҪЩȥַȻҲûκ뷨Ϊûκ塣
ݼ£
ַ֮ϣ𶼹ڵأǸоǰλɺǿ
ȻǺ£ԽǿĽռԽСǧ磬ôȻܻøĺôֶΪ
ַ忴һڶ𣬳˭µ𣿡
ڶʵʲôµ𣿴Ҷ֮ǰҲλαķԸ
ѾˣЩ𷴵Ƶ̨ǰ
գһĿӲͷƤǰ£¸ɺܳʱ䣬ʲôҪѯʵģһʵԸ档
ַ˵ͷ㣬ɺĿǰжСǧ磿
ɺĿǰռݵСǧ磬һǧУŰٶСǧѾȫռݣмʮСǧڹռҪһʱ䣬Ӧöȫռݡ
ַ˵ͷʵɺУСǧ籾Դ
У󲿷ֶ˽µСǧ統УֻʣСֻûн£Ŀǰڱ⵱С
ַ΢ЩʧҲ¡Сǧ籾Դε󣿽طֻԼСǧȫġ
ֻϧַ彫ɺâ뵽ʱճ֮УߵʱľͷɺâΪ˻ҽСǧеСǧ籾ԴȻҲͻΪ˻ҽ
κֵסʱʴ
ַҲ޷ͷڵСǧ籾Դ
ȻЩϧַԤ֮ˣǵ˵ͷ˵̴ѶһǧСǧ֪ͨɺˣڣɰǰķʽոСǧ籾Դһɲ䡣
ַ˶٣ǿȻ֪ЩڴʲôĿǰΪַֹĻֻһλαһͷλαλα
˿ȱζ˭лᡣ
˭ǱãҲһŽʯ
ַĻ£ϲ
αҲĿꡣЩʹ˶ʯߵĳɾͣǳΪ
ַᣬֻһϣһϣ𶼷ķܶˡ
ЩֻСֶΣ£˵СֶΰˣֵһᡣַҲûдʳԣѾڿʼ׼Сǧ籾Դ㹻ĻŽʯ족λαֱɺâ
ֱһλ㹻󲿷ֵˡ
ȥ⡣
ַɺ𣬴˵ı֮С
⻹𣬲ûܵκƻ
ЩҲ֪֪ɺһнǰɺ˭ƻ⣿ƻĵػš
һ𣬿µ𶼳Բ˶ߡ
ַ˱֮УĿرСǧеһЩֱӦоС
һЩʹãܳΪ޵ˡ
û뵽ɺѹôֻϧһЩûʹͶٸɺ𡣡
ַҡҡͷûʹãҲûκãֱ˷ѡȻЩɳǶͳͳսСǧ֮С
ַҲ˱⵱еСǧ籾ԴȷһСֻ֣ʮݵӡʮСǧ籾ԴСǧ籾ԴЩһ١ٽ֪ʲôˡ
ֻǣĽپͷУʮСǧ籾Դȷֵһᡣ
ַҲֱӽЩСǧ籾Դ뵽Сǧ統У»ص˴
ܿ죬Ҳˣַû˽ɺüԪƶһϸġסƶȡ
âҲһ롰סƶȵСֻҪ״ﵽһĳ̶ȣͿԶһطǹһˡ
һֻһСֶΣâɺǣͶ̹ˣݣ˻еһԱ
ศɣǧ統УҲǶһˡһʱ䣬ַٶΪ֮Ŀ
һЩַһЩַҲһһɣţַԼ뵽˾ͷϵС


1715 ǧСǧҲ
Сǧ籾ԴʮݣɺâƿǧٶСǧ硣
ԪѾͳƳĿǰݣɺâԶ
ȻѾˣԭĻΪܲ
ǧСǧ磬ʵѾ൱ˣҲֻЩǳϣߵһֱĽپͷǣڵϣ˿ӵַ塣
ˣҲĽپͷӵгǧСǧ硣
ǧСǧ磬Сǧ磬һԪ֮ڣַܸһСǧ籾ԴҲܵõٷСǧ籾Դ
ȻһԪʱڡϾСǧȡСǧ籾ԴҲֻڼԪٱʱܻá
ٷСǧ籾ԴǺεȵĿֲһĽ£мʮϰٷСǧ籾Դ൱ˡ
ĽٽЩ⡣ĴμԪ٣ҪǰμԪٶҪֲĶ࣬Ҫٷ籾Դ
ַҲħ֮Уõ˴Сǧ籾ԴܹһٶȹĴμԪ٣ӶΪĽٽ
ȻǵһݻСǧҲһˣҪСǧ籾ԴȻһ
ĴμԪ٣ӦٵҪٷСǧ籾ԴַΪĽٽٺķٷСǧ籾Դ
ʵʱճҲڸɱ䣬Ϊʱʣķ˴Сǧ籾Դ磬ĽַҲ͸˶ԷٶСǧ籾ԴټĽԼ۵ģôҲٷСǧ籾ԴȹĴμԪѾǴ´ࡣ
ڵμԪ٣һҲٷСǧ籾ԴңַԼҲҪһǧСǧ籾Դ
ʱʴģҪָʱʣڼԪ֮£ָʱʣĵСǧ籾ԴҲǳֲ
ˣַϸ㣬ǧСǧ磬һԪҲͻٷСǧ籾Դ
һĽپͷȹһٷСǧ籾Դοַ壿
Щ̺ĽپͷܰȻȹμԪ٣Ϊٽ֮⣬ʵĽپͷ޷ȹûҷ
ҲΪɺâٵμԪˣȴûдչСǧ籾Դԭ
Сǧ籾Դô׵õġ
ٷСǧ籾ԴټһЩ̣ǿչٷСǧ籾ԴһĽʵҲܳŶȵμԪˡҳɹĿҲܸߣַ岻һӵʱʣʩչʱ֮ĸ٣ڽͬ޵С
Ĵ۾ǣȼԪ٣СǧָѣúķѸСǧ籾ԴڶȼԪ˵ܲ
ҪƽȹμԪ٣ҲһǧСǧ籾ԴϡˣַǧСǧ磬;ø˵Ļ浽˵μԪ٣Ǿʹͷˡ
ǧСǧ磬ԶԶ
ַüüͷǧСǧõСǧԴһԪôʱ䣬ַ͵Ȳˡ
ôʱ䣬ȥûҵСǧˣ
ַһ˿â
ָȻǵ۽Сǧ磬۽۽Ҳֱʱ䣬ַһֱüԪڵڵ۽ˣڴҲһЩ
ǣַ˼Ԫѯʵ۽ϸ
Ԫ۽ôˣ
ܿ죬ԪַǰַҲֱ˵ʵ
Ԫ˵ͷ۽ܸӣҲŪˡԴӵ۽󣬵۽ʵѾϷ֡гλĽٽϷ˵۽һλٽǲα˵۽ڵ۽Сǧ磬ӦҲǱλĽٽԼλٽϷˡ
ţǣ浽ٽ
ԣĿǰռݵ۽ľٽĵƵ
ַ˵ͷƵȻ˵ƽһλܹϵĽһ·ٽ˳˳ˮΪء˭Ҳ֪ƽжǿ
ƽȴǿƣûնɱľٶΪ˱ȽϺƣĹ㡣
һΣƽȫԵ۽Сǧ磬ĽٽҲû˿취
Ƶȴƫƫûжռֻռ˴ͷˡ
һǳѲٽ
ַҲûдֱȥƽҲûֱӶƵĴ㡣֮Եôʱ䣬Ҳôʱ䣬Ϊ˷ųߵ㣬Ū۽
оŴĽٽ˹Ϸֵ۽жǾ㹻ˣ
ǾλĽٽϸϢ
ԪҲ׼λĽٽĵҲϣͳͳַ塣
ȻԪҲŲµַĴ㣬ֻǣǼԪжַļƻҰģҲе𺳡


1716 
ַϸ鿴˾λĽٽϣһǵĵĹϵҲ۸ӣܹ㡣
ַ忴صȴЩٹҲûʵҪٹ㣬Σʱܳͷ
³ͷ޼ĽַĹϵҲܺˣַһλ߽ٽ׷ɱĽǿгͷַվһ
ˣʲôʵҪַעҲЩĽٽʵ
ȷһЩϢȥ۽ǱնɱЩĽٽģȻ֪ôĽЩСǧ綼ǱҲͲȥһһˡ޶ԣ˵ñ͵ţʱоݣ㽫ɱҲû˻˵Щʲô
ַ廹׼
ԭܼ򵥣ַҲһϵӦ磬ЩĽٽأ
һλλλλַ岻壬ǰλλأǿĽٽǴײˣַѾӵʱʣ߶ʱճӲѴ֮ҪһնɱλĽٽǸҲǳ
пַܽСǧ綼ѹ塱
䣬лǣ浽һλٽַҲòõѡַҲŪΣнԡ
Ͼַ޼ɵնɱСǧ磬ô޶ԣ
ǵһܺõɺͽڲУ۽£ɾһõɡ
Ԫ˵ͷȥʼַնɱ˵۽ˣֻҪϢЩϷ˵۽Ľһеζ
ʲôѡ񣬾͵ÿЩľˡ

ǧ磬ӿò֡
ǧ磬ƽʱ䣬ȴһһλ߽ٽ֣ǳҺѾȥУǧ粻ɣҲӰ첻ǧ硣
ܿ죬ַһӱسѾĽپͷˣһնɱ˺âɺ
Ľٽ֣ȴɱַ赭д͸նɱˣˡַ壬һԾΪ˶ĽپͷΪĽپͷоصӴ
ַĳ֣Ҳٴʶˡʱֻ֮ǣַʱ֮Ѿûκˡ
١ٽҲһаܳסַ壬οˣڵĻѾ׳ƣѾʵӵʱ֮һ졣
⻹û꣬ǧֽһϢԭĵ۽Ǳħնɱ
ڴ֮ǰҲֻһЩ²⣬²Ͼ档һϢȴǴӻ
ζʲôŪףһЩĽپͷǣȴЩ˻Ĵ㡣
һʱ䣬ӿĲαȴһɰӿ

ʼαϢ㱨ʼ󣬻ʼ۾ЦһǴḷ́Ҫǽ̽ȥСǧ³ֱ룡
ֻǣ£ǲˣǻнڶǶˡ
α˵
ҽڻףο»ɲ¡Ϸ˵۽СǧĽɲֹһƽǣС̾ϵƽĸԴΪڣҲ
ʼ˵ַ岻壬ʵϣҲǳɵֻǣ̽ȥĶ³þͷҲ
֣ʵЩ񡱣ײУǻʼҲеļɵ
ڵ֪һϢһʱ֪ͨƽԼλĽٽôش£뿸Ҳֻȥ

Ԫ̫УĿǰҲ˼ҵۡ
£ɲһĽƿʱ֮ĽһΣųϢ˼ײˣҪ۽ǹϷһСǧ磬Ͳʲôȥðôķա
ֻǣĽֵСǧ˳Ǿ澡ʧˣǵһ޴Ĵ
ҪҪնɱĽپͷǿߵĿֲڡ
һʱ䣬˶۲ݡ
Ԫ̫˾
ղŻʼѾѶҵȻϵƽôúúһƽԸ棬ǻҲ㲻ʲô
Ԫ̫˾䡣
˻ʼԪ̫˾ľ⣬Ҳ׷ͬľΪһϢûйΪη塱³Сǧ磬ЩͷǣҲʵǶ
ο»ǣ浽ƽҲÿƽ̬ȡ


1717 㣿
Ƶƽԭϵ۾Ȼˡ
¡
һλαƽǰ
£
£Ϣ۽Ǳնɱдݳ˼¡
ƽ΢һҲˣͬʱƺһյഫѶȻǵǾŴĽٽĴѶ
ǣƽǼ佥¶һ˿ЦݣŴĽٽѾˣѾѶˣñø⡣
αЩˣЦٺ٣ǵúôʱһĶ鷳ý³棿ôõ£
ƽȴҡҡͷҲô˵۽Сǧ磬Ϸ֡ȻˣȻҲһеʵҲûʲô˵ģ۽Ǳնɱܵõ۽Сǧ磿ֻ˵۽֮ǹϷˣȻû⡣
Ψһ⣬ǻˡ
ʵ£ҶĺϷֵ۽ʲô⡣ѵһλͷˣĵúõı棿
ǸͲܣ϶ᱻϷ֡
ǣҪᡱϷֵĵ۽Сǧ磬֢ڣˣʵǿ͸鷳ˡ
£ʵҲˣеĽٽ֡ǽ³֣Ȼ壬ؼǻǱӵʱ֮ʵôǿǱֱ󡣡
αЩء
ǧ磬ν죬ͷʢҲûеΪЩٽûַ鷳
ѵ²ؼ
ûô򵥣ԭ򣬻ΪַǱʱ䶼ûУѾͨΪĽپͷٸַһʱ䣬ɾͻôֲ
٣٣ٰ߽˽٣
ûַ֪ܹһֲֿǱҲκνɵˡ
ʵҲȫûа취
ţкΰ취
ƽЦ˵ǶɵǱȴûз֣ô̵ʱڣСǧ籾ԴѶֱߵΪ˳ɾĽٽѾȥħˣôأ
ǧʮȫһһܻ㹻Сǧ籾Դ²ãοЩ߽ٽ̫롣ǿҲҪСǧ籾ԴȹԪ٣ĻʵͻֹǰȲԪ١ȡСǧ籾Դ;޷ǾСǧ硣
ǻ޼ɵǾȫѹʱ֮ɱҲκε˱ʱ򣬱ȫѹСǧ磬ռСǧ磬ܻöСǧ籾Դ
Ľٵ٣ҪСǧ籾ԴɲһС֡ûдСǧ磬ȹμԪ٣ֱ˵Ρ꽵٣ٺ٣һԪʱ䣬ڽ٣ôӴСǧ٣ֻҪܵشһΣǰˡ
ƽķα۾ҲԽԽ
ȷǻ㣬㡣
ǧĴ󲿷ֽǿƱָ塱סˣЩٽҲˡ
Ƕַסַֻ֪ʵǿʱ֮Ǳȴַ֪㡣
˵Ҳн㣬Сǧ籾Դ
£ôһ˵ҲΪˡ
αɵ˵
ǡǡ෴ղŵķ򲻵ѵʱ򣬲Żְ취Ϊһְ취ǺͻˡһλǱĽΪУǳ鷳仹޷նɱǾ͸鷳ˡˣ򲻵ѣԲְ취
ƽǺѡ
ʱ䣬ȥһλĽپͷǿߣ֮١ʤҲһǲʤܾˡ
£Ȼ򲻵Ѳְ취ε£ô죿
취ܼ򵥣þŴĽٽһգÿλ³һСǧ硣ϱҲһСǧ磬һʮСǧ磬Ҳȫ˫ӣҲõʵݣҶ̨¡
ƽ뵽İ취ʵְ취õٽҲһӰ졣Ͼ˳һСǧ磬½ֻһʵǶĴ
ƽȴҲܹһ˳Ҫԭ򣬲򲻵ѣκνͻ
仹Ǳ޵Ļ
֪ͨλĽٽȥһˣ°ס
ƽԸ
·ּ
αҲȥʼƽķԸ


1718 ûл͵أ
һʱȥˣϢҲȥˣַţЩҲõõϢˣǣ˼Ԫѯʡ
ԪǧЩж
Ԫҡҡͷ£Щûκζ
ȷһ㶯ҲûУ
һֱڹעǾλĽٽźûκζ
ַüͷλĽٽûκζЩͬѰˡַ壬λĽٽеһλʵҲźܴѹ
ôһ㶯ûУп϶һЩŹ֡
ȻԪƺӵʲôϢһŹֵ˵£Ƶʥ
Ƶ
ַлȻƺһطƵ֣һӾ뵽еĹؼ㡣
ƽǾλĽٽûκζԭǱȻϵƽƽӦҲͷˡ
һʥǰӦþΪ¡
Ҳգȥƽʲô취ɣʥ
ַ˻֣Ҳվ뿪ң׼ȥһʥ
ܿ죬УʥѾˡ
ڴϷĻʥҲ΢΢ױԼ𾴣ʥݼ
ַĽپͷʥٽαݵλһ㣬ĽپͷǰҲɲ
ʥ֪ʥݹ٣к£
ַһĿⶢʥʥҲоѹܴ󡣱ϾԵĿպգĽپͷ
£Ƿƽ֮صشλĽٽʮСǧ磬ϣЦɡ
ţ͸ʮСǧ磬Ǻ⣿
ַɫһ䣬Щ
£֮ǰܾλһЩᡣҼƽԸ⵱Уϣ̡ܹ
̣ƽӣܲɣȻƽᵽᣬǱͽú˵˵۽Ǳնɱ֮նɱһ㱾˵۽С۽µĵ۽ԼСǧ磬ȻǱġƽԼλ֮ǰܵĵ۽Сǧ磬ֻҪͳͳ˻۽Ǳͼ̣Σ

ʥһɫѿ
ⲻǾλĽٽӣһƽӡҪȫ˻˵Ҳ
ʱ򣬾ŴԼƽʲôǧ㣿
պҪϷһЩĽСǧ͵ᱻĽУǣĿɾʹˡ
£Ĳһ㻺͵أ
ʥЩĵʵ
նɱ˵۽ȴժӣܸģƽλģûأ˻λԲɡˣһһŰݷã
ַĻѾвˡʥɫѿ²Ϊ뿪˻
ǼԪЩ˵£ǱϾƽٽϾŴĽٽ֣ǿɾ鷳ˡ
鷳ģƽôΪ֪û塣ʱճӣﶼȥƲʱճӣκβ˱򲻵ѣҲһλٽΪѣˣѾﻢ¡նɱ˵۽ժӣ
ַҡҡͷ¸Ͳκλ͵ء
ңַﻹһ󵨵ͷ
λĽٽΣƽΣǾͬϴСǧ磬ַضһһЦɡ
ַֻҲһЩ׼Ҳ̫ˡ
ţĽĽ󷽣ҲܷġˣָĽһɵСǧ缴ɡ
ַ׼£Ľһ𣬵ʱǷһɵ棬Ҳͬһ㣬ͿĽԸԸðˡ

ʲô治Ӧ
ԣӦһ˵ûκλ͵أҲûнС
ʥصƵʵƽһкƽɫҲѿ
⻹Ϊͷǿߺ󣬵һܴ졣ٽʵƽҲû˷̬á
ȴ顣
£˿Ǹô죿
ߣ붯Ǹ취Ѿﻢ£¹ϵܴѾˡһΣˣǽɨأһСǧ磬¾ûôˡ֪ͨλĽٽƵһˡ
һʱ䣬ƽҲŭˣһ˿ɱ⡣


1719 ζԸ
ƵڶƼ
һλĽپͷƵ֮УյƽĴѶصľۻɲݣǧ磬һɷ籩ˡ
˵ƽʥȥ˵ͣȻܾˣƽӶ
ֹǾܾƽڣǽ۽Сǧ磬ͳͳ³ֱ̫ˡ
ֱòǲܴ裬ѵҵȾλĽپͷټһλٽһ
Ҳô˵ܹల£ȻǼõġֻλҰļ󰡣ƽûзС
ƽӦԵģܲԴУŻ
ƵڣλĽپͷƽʱ߸ϣ˿̣ȴҲҵţϵıеǣҲһ˿ŭ
ƽĿžλĽٽȴǳƽڵַ֪ܾġ⡱ܷŭѾƽ
λλǰһ֮ǰİ취ûнգ̬ȺǿӲԻֶΣĻλʱλģ𣿡
ƽĻ£̾Ͱ
⣿ôߣʵûκһλСڻʵһλĽٽ˵⣿
ǣĬ
ƽҵκһλûа⣬ˣҪƽƽ֣ŻҲ㲻ʲô
һλĽپͷ˵
ǣڶĿּƽϡ
ƽĿڶһɨ漴ҡҡͷλˣٽڶǰ档ʱ֮㱾ܹѹƣҲնɱ˵ˣٽҲնɱǣܹҵƻʱֶ֮Σ˭κβ˻
ڶûʧǶĽپͷ᲻֪ʵ
ƽ֣Ҳûа취նɱһûˣ롣Ͼڶһֱһ飬˭䵥ˣǾͷǳΣա
ֻǣҪҵַʱ֮İ취̸ף
ܹ࣬ʱ֮İ취ߣܹնɱİ취
ƽ˵꣬۾Щۡ
ֻǣڤ˼˰죬û˭뵽˰취ʱ֮ǳԽһУһй֮ϵϹ
ţֻгΪǧԽӴʱա
ڣǸ߽׽ûʲô취ܹЧĿʱ֮Ʋʱ֮ǾͶԻ޿κΣȨڻС
ƽҵȶûа취ǹϵٽһа취
ԣƽһа취Ը
ֻҪƽԸȻΨǴӡ
ڶԸϣƽܷԸ
ڶǾͷڣȴ޲ߣֻܽϣƽϡ
ৣ
ƽ۾
취λ߾һУԸ
ƽĻڶͷǶһ񣬿ƽа취
ȻֻҪ̫ΣգȻԸ߾һУԸQ
ƽа취;˵һ
̫ƽа취һ֧֣
ĽپͷǣһĶ׷ױ̬Ը߾ȫԸ
ڶı̬ƽϽ¶һ˿Цݣ漴˵ͷܺãȻλԸⶦǱͽ취˵˵ʵҲ㣬ǾСǧ籾ԴûгСǧ籾ԴҲȹμԪ١
ֻҪǷ󲿷ֻСǧ籾ԴǻΣһԪʱ䣬նϻСǧ磬Ҳ޿κΡ
ƽġ͡ڶǶеǰһ
취ʵǱƴģı󣬻ûҲǳܡӵʱ֮Ҳܱˡ
ӲƴλԼƽ֮á
һַСǧ籾ԴȵμԪ٣ַζȹ
ֻǣַ岻ݣˡңúķʱ䣬ڼ䣬ʲôⶼпܷ
ϣ򲻵ѣ˶ְ취
һʱ䣬ڶͷǶʼԺ˸ͷǶںף޴ĴۣΪ˶Ըֵֵ
ϾһԪʱ䣬ԻڶһһЩСǧ籾ԴĻãǸʱ򣬿о޷ȹμԪ١
̫ˣǲܶԸ߽ٽأ磬ָһЩۣ߽ٽ֣նɱһǿԳ׷ˣ
ȻһλĽٽһְ취


1720 ͷˣ
߽ٽ
΢΢һ㶣֪١ٵĽʵѶԻʲôв߽ٽأ
ǾͲһˡ
Ľپͷһ߽ٽҲᾭһɱ䣬һʵɱ䣬һΪ߽ٽǾζţܹǧˣȻͬһ㡣
߽ٽܹһ˲նɱַ壬ַʩչʱճӵĻᶼûС붯߽ٽѣ
ÿһλ߽ٽ϶棬ǾǱޣչСǧ籾Դһ߽٣ÿʱÿ̾Ͷ׼Ŷȵڰ˴μԪ٣ΪǹϵϵܷΪǧ
ҲΪΣǧټ߽ٽԭǾǽƺַйһЩҲû
붯һλ߽ٽǵøĴۣ
߽ٽԳ֮Ϊˣö
붯߽ٽЩ̫ʵɡ
Ҫ붯һλ߽ٽ¼ǧСǧ綼̫ܰɣóǧСǧ磬¶һЩ棬Ҳαȥ߽ٽ
ͷǶҡҡͷò̫붯һλ߽ٽ붯ҪĴۣǳܲ
ң̫ǵַܳһݵĽ⡣
ÿһλɵӣȻܹеĵʧһȻΪõһ۽Сǧ̫ĴۣԸȥ
ͲҪôĴۣλ˵ǽ
ƽĻһЩҲüͷǽѱѾһλ߽ٽյСңľǽܱǣ
Ҳ̫Сǽˣǽֻᷢŵڰ˴μԪ٣ûл㹻Сǧ籾ԴȻҪһѣӶСǧ籾ԴôӶᣬҲǵЩ١ٽӶٶ࣬Ҳûκôֻȥ߽ٽˡ
λ߽ٽȷڴս˭Ҳκβ˭˫ֹͣ˴սǽͶԻʱܸ֮ȤΪʱܹ֮ȹڰ˴μԪ١ܾǽ뷨ǲǺܷ񣬵ֻҪԻȤˡֻҪǽžǽһȻǰ
ǰһȷһ赶ɱˡĺð취
ǽ߽ٽǰûпȥˣһֱûڲһˣǽѾƹˤҪҷˣʲô˼ɣ
취á
оǽ֣ǿ϶ܳɹ
ǿ߽ٽĶ֣
һЩʵǻأʱ֮˭Ҳ޷֤ܹնɱ
ƽǼ¶һ˿ЦݵˣǾֶͨ죬߽ٽκβãǾһк壿ʱ˽µĶ³ٲһ㣬ô죿ѵܽǸϾɱɣ
ЩȻתһ룬ȴȻˡ
ȷǽκβ˻ǼֶԿк壿ʱ˾⳥һˣ˵붯ǽҲûʲô̫ʵʧ
ãô죡
λصһǰ֪ͨҵȣǽһʱ򣬾ǻˣ
ƽ¶һ˿Цݣϲ˳ᢣĻȴƿһеĸо߽ٽеӰˡ
˭˵Ͳüıˣ
෴ҲҪııúˣ߽ٽеһѵң۳ɰܣûʲô̫ʧ
һôȹ
ƽ۾ʼϵǽ

ַӴһλǳĿˡ
ʼǵãǹϷ˵۽ľŴ֮һڲӦŶԸô㷴˻׼³۽Сǧ磿
ַȷе֣׼ԾŴĽپͷˣû뵽ʼȴϢǰݷ
ڻʼĿģַҲ޷⡣
ովƵڶţôԸң˵ƽѾ˶Ըİ취ԼѾͷˣȴ֪
ͷ
ַ۾΢΢һУĿʼΣûκ壬˵Ŀģ
ʼҲɫһ˵ƽļƻ޷죬ٺܴΣաҪ˵ҪҲܼ򵥣Ϸֵĵ۽Сǧ磬̣ӴˣҲ޹ϸΣ
ַĿŻʼǿڵֻҪ͸¶ϢȷкܴļֵǱͼ̡
ãŻ
ʼҲûп̫ãˬĴӦˡ
˵ƽкμƻܶԸ
ַ۾΢΢һУ˸ֿܣƽͷûбҪģΪû˿ʤ㣬Ҳûκ塣
ٺ٣ƽļƻҵе̾Ϊֹƻܼ򵥣Ǿǽ赶ɱˣ
赶ɱˣ˭ĵ
ǽ
ַԣʱ΢΢һ䣬ɫҲ


1721 ֱɱƵ
ǽ
ַɫŻʼƽġƻһһʮϸ˵˳һʱ䣬ַҲеΪ֡
ǽǿ߽ٽ
Ȼ紫ţǽѾһ߽ٽս˭֪
ƽļƻ¾зʽϵǽ֪ǽһЩ
ַҲòϣƽһУܶǳĶ
ȻַҲţ߽ٽһֵסչΣգ˭֪ǽжǿҪǵסǾƽóˣ
ңƽļƻûеóѣƽ˵Ҳûʲôʧֱӹ۽Сǧ³һнԴϲˣ
ò˵ƽ˸̡ڽУıԣϲıŪڹ֮е˲ˡ
ַֻ忴һۻʼ漴Цƽļƻ赶ɱˣϵҲڽ赶ɱˣ
ƽ뵽ո˼ƻתۼѾˡ
ʼҲַеķ̣Ц˵ϢΣֵֵ۽һСǧ磿
ֵȻֵʼ֮£һʹ޹ϸ𣡡
ַն˵һ㣬ˣ
˿лˡ
˵꣬ʼֱ׼뿪ˣĿѾﵽҲڻϾǸˡһ֣ͻһֵΣա
ʼΪΰϢ߱
ڻʼתַٴ
ʼͣ˽ŲͷҲصļǰߣֻһ仰ʱ֮ˣô׾ͱƽƵģһ٣ҿɾ鷳ˣǶһѡˡ
ʼصڴڣַѾˡ
Ƕһѡ񣬻ʼֻһ·ַûг£Ƕͻʼ޹أȫѡ
ַҿ϶ʼԲΨһһѡˣˡһҲ١Ȼʼ뿪½λͬĿģ˻
ַҲͬӵˣҴӦ˵ҲֻŻʼһ֮ʡλ˵Ļͻʼһ
Ҳ֤ˣƽļƻȷȷ¡
˼ƽ˾λһҪԸ뵽оλתͷͰˣ
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦıʼСǶԽ˵ʵûлʼ˵ġѡַԾǽȻЩֲҲһͱɱ
ȻֿܣԲ
ڣַ廹֪ƽļƻ׼Ȼ͸ӵĳˡ
߽ٽĿǰ޷Կٽȴδزһԣ
ַ¶һ˿âҲɢһɱ⡣
ƽɱ⣬ԷĻǣȻҪ赶ɱˡҾ赶ɱ˲ɣ͹ȥˣôɵ£
ЩһҪնɱԼˣַ¶Էٽ
ԴӳΪ˽ַ֮һ򶼺ܽԽսȽټڣַȴȥһˡ
ƽɱ
ƽҪ赶ɱˣ͸ᡣһΣԷǱʱ֮飬Ǿǽϵٶȸ죿
ַţ漴ʱ֮һѾʧ˻

Ƶƽڴϡ
ڸղţͨصķʽϵ˾ǽ
ˣǽһʹͷˣնɱǽЩСǧǲмһ˵ģȴԽջСǧ硣ʱ򣬹ƵμԪٵСǧ籾ԴҲ㹻ˡ
ƽǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
˭Ҳ֪ʵһֱıŻֻǻЩ⣬ˣıûô˳
ڣãѾҪ군ˡ
ǽǺεǿĴڣڻڽĹؼʱ̣޼ɵûκһɵˡ
ƽǽΪһЩ£˱˴֮ϵÿÿƽҪһЩ£ǽϵ
ͷȻǾǽģôƽҲõô
ҲΪʲôƽɽ¶ˮȻƽƽ˳˳ĳΪٽֻǣٽƽҲòʼˡ
ٲμԪپȹ
ǣƽͶ˻УʵĹעڲ׼׵׼ǽ֣նɱ
ĿģΪ˻Сǧ磬Ϊܹ˳ĶȹμԪ١
Ϊ˵ȵһ죬ƽνǻ㾡ѾѪóԸ£˾ŴĽپͷ˾ǽ
ˣȵǽˣʱ򡭡
ƽžǽٵһʱȻһصĹ򲨶ǰɢš
ţһİϤӰǰ
㡭
ƽ۾͵ĵɴľ㵡


1722 ʱʵã

ƽʧЩ㤡ַ壬ȻϢĳǰƵ
ƽһμ棬ƺƽܳԾ
ַ帺ֶĿͬǳǼ¶һĨЦ
ݹ٣ʧԶӭ֪˷ǰ£
ƽٽܿѾָ򶨡
Ȼ£ƽֶΣƽܷ񵲵סʱճӣ
ţγԣ
һʱ䣬ƽɫ䣬Ѿоһ˿Ծˡ
γԣƽûףıԸʱⲻ֪λҲı
ƽ
ˣѣ˱˾λ
˵ǲһǵѡ񣬼Ȼֺܹܱαģ
䣡
һ̣ƽˣû˵һ仰ַǰʱѾ˱׼
ڣ֪ûκνҿˣֻƴȫһս
ƺƵƣЯſֲСǧ磬ֱӳַѹȥƽϧٵƵƽġġ
ֲƣһѹסַ塣ֶַΣСǧǱѰݷҲûκô
ʱʵȷ⡣ǰַѾܹܡסôֲѹˣȻɱѹƣȴûּһ˲䣬ͻᱻѹ촷۵ĸо
ԴԴϵѹȫʱճ֮УԴƽѹ
ƽַûзӦǸһһĺַ塣
֪Σǧ򲻸ãΪնɱǳ룬ٽһһ죬ֲǲ֪ȻܹնɱʲôţߣѾ֪ͨ˾ǽĿǰǽڸ·ϣ͵űǽնɱɣ
ƽƽʱºͣһֱƺƽûô֡ˣƽپͷ
ƽȫ֣Сǧ֮ƺƵֱӽƵ촷ۡƵƽӻλͷսܱӻľƾһЩ©Ƶͱ˴롣
һսܴܹӦ
ô£Ƶô£
ƽ˴սƽٳ֣ô˴ս
ǻȻȥƵԽսƽô£
ЩǣһЩ˽ʵƽսܳԾ
λĽپͷ˽һġ顱ȴԼĴ㡣
ƽôͺͻˣѵƻѾ¶
ǻƽһλٽòֻǣڲ𣿡
ڲ֣ƽһΧЦˣ㿴ڻȷ·磬ʩչʱ֮ûУɱûʩչȥһʱճӣֻ·һ
ҿƽ࣬˵ԼܶԸǻǾɡ
λĽپͷλѡˣλȴûвֵĴ㡣Ƕ£λǰ
ƽһˣѾˣǷȥðա
ЩͷѡҲ˵ַжǿˣҪ֪ԽսҪԸĿƽһλٽͷǣȻǰǴ㿴
ǲǶƽûģǶԻ̫ɵˣַǧ磬ڽǵеж
ϾַԴӳΪһ·ȷѪꡣһٽٽٵĽپͷǣͳͳնɱ
նɱĽپͷƺѴ֮ȻͷǶɵ
¡
ƽһδεĹÿһζȫԸʩչСǧ磬ֱӳַѹ
ַ壬Ȼһֱ·磬оʱпܱ顣ȴʱճӶûʩչԼʱӲȴƫƫܹס
Ͳò˸еЩˡ
һλٽȫ֣Ȼ޷һĽٽֱλĽٽûʩչ
ƽɫѿѾ㹻߿ַˣ֣ŷ֣Сַ塣
ǰ֮ǰİ취Ͼλͷһ֣»治һַĶ֡
ֶַΣʵ̫ˣκβַ塣
ʵϣַԼܾȡԴΪĽپͷѾʱʣһֱĥʱʵһЩá
ڣʱʵãʱʳΪһڡý顱Ķӵʱճӡ
ƾƽĹжôĿֲʵϣַϣͱֱתƵʱճ֮С
ǹܹǿ󵽣ֱ˺ʱճӣĻκβַ塣
ʱʵ֮һǰַ廹ûпʱʵֱ֮ڣ֪ʱжô档
ƽٲʩչ¾ûлˣ
ַصƽĶԣƽһ


1723 Ʊըɱһ
һȻʶĺóԸ
һ̣ƽɱģɱ˵ǿң¸һдۣҪַնɱˣĻպһգ
Ʊը
ƽһȣʱСǧ統УȽȽһźһƬƣƬһַ֣嶼о˾ҵв
¡
ת˲䣬Ʊըˣͷ·һ棬ڴըγɵģڣһСǧڣעһ˲䱬ըһ治֪ǿ˶ٱ
ƽĺʵģһαըһαըǳֲ˲䱬ʮٱ
ֺҲֻһΣɱﵣ򲻵ѣɽˮû˿·ʱƽʩչ
൱һԵı
ҲܹƽǿһٽԲעⶼпֱһεƱըС
ôֲ˼飬ǲ˼飡
˭뵽һܺƣƺûгֵƽȻ˿ֲֶΣȻÿһλСưǾͷǣ񣬾ĺҲ˼Ԫֱ󡣡
ɱﵣɲǼ䱬ʮٱͻȻ֮£شնɱٽˡû뵽ƽصô
һλıȣû֪ƽȻ˿ֲɱﵣһʤ
ˣôֲһٽֵס˵Ľپͷˡ»棬ҲֻĽٽˡ
нΪƽһе𺳣ƺʶˣʲôɱﵡǵĺôӣֻһˣĻܶιǿʲô壿
һʱ䣬һЩ˼ţǲǸøĽһЩˣƽһɱֶηչ
û˿û֮ǰЩַЩηĽڿƽһû˻ٿַ塣
ƽɫЩһĲʩչɱﵣһΪƵһ
һع⣬´䲻⣬ûôˡ
ֻǣַвƽȴǲϧһдۣҲҪַնɱ
ƽĹעűըģڱըģѾӦַϢˣǣ¶һ˿ЦݣǿΣʵ̫Ҳ̫ˣʱ֮ǿҲסһ
ƽַѾը촷ۣʬ޴棬ˡ
ƽĺҲǿȻûʱ֮ľ׶༪ˡ
ȻдһϤƽ
ƽϵıһסˣ۾·𲻸Լ۾ƵģĶǰһӰ
ַ壬ǻַ壡
ûַûôܣ
ܡٽзĽ޷ֵһͻȻ㲻ֶ֪ΣҲûرôû£
ַ۶ûκεˣƽֱԼ۾ʵַôվǰ
ƽˣЩעһսĽǣҲ𣬿Ļ
Ȼţ
ʲôסƽĿֲһ
˼飬ǲ˼飬Ȼסˡ
ѵʱ֮ô棿
Щ١ٽ˼⣬ַ忿ʲôֵסƽһûпַʩչǿסƽǿһне˼ĵط
ַ徲վյУǱƽַҡҡͷƽɱﵵȷֺһɱκһλĽٽᱻشնɱӵʱ֮ԶҲ޷ʱ֮ΰ
һַ̣Ϸ·һεϢɢ·ԽЩ١߽ٽͷ·Ǹ߸ϵǧһһС
ȻֻǴ
ֻǣַڵƣﵽĵزˡ
Ϊʱ֮ʱ֮ǿʱַ֮˳סƽɱһ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ʱʣӵʱճӡƽǿһһɲǣַѾƽתƵʱճ֮С
ʱճҲһ£Ҳ˶ѡƽٵ˵˺ʱճˣʱճӶ
ˣַ忹סƽıɱһʵǳɡ
ˣѾʶƽֶΣڣƽúһʱճӰɡ
ַ廰䣬漴һ֣յоͳһƺƵʱճӣһ㣬һֶ£ƽУ˲ϯ롣

ƽҵҪʱճӡֻǣʱճﷶΧƽʱճӣ
ǣʱճ£ƽ˲롣


1724 ƽԪ٣
䣡
ʱճ£ͬһ˲㽫ƽУٽҲʱճӵĳˢ
ƽ뵽ʱճ֮УΧЩעһĻĽǣҲĬǾŴĽٽЩ
˭֪һ뵽ʱճ֮УΪֹȫûûһܹ
ƽôͱ뵽ʱճӵУ˵ʱճ伫ޣ伫ôܾƽ
ٽƲ⣬Ӧ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
Ʋ⣬˭Ʋ⣿ЦƽѾ뵽ʱճ֮УѱҲ취ˣ³ƽ϶١
֪ˣαص
λĽٽѡĽȴңҿǵˡȷѡ񣬷ھ鷳ˡ
ɶƽһ˿ڴǲƽͻıַնɱûһ˿ֿ֮ˡ
¡¡
ƽھҵַɫƽȷܵ˸ɣҺܳصĸɣ֮ǰ϶ܲס
ϾǿһλٽַѾԽսˡ
Ϊ󣬷Խսߣ϶ʧܸգû˳ɹַҲǿһȺӣһλĽٽٽȵ̶ֳȣֱ
ٽ̺ĿֲֲַֿʱճҪ뽫ȫˢնɱǳѣͲܡ
ӵʱʣַȴֲܻΪ˿ܡ
ʱʣǳʺʱճӣǳʱ֮
ڤڤУַƺܿʱճеʱ֮ڲϵĳˢƽÿʱỵ̈ƽ˥ˣ˥˵ٶȼ졣
ûֵܹʱǧҲԵֵʱƽȻҲһ޷ֵסʱ
ʱճӵУƽڲϵţֻǣɫԽԽѿΪͿ˿ϣ
ܲʱճκε𵴣˵˺ʱճˣǸǳ˵Ρ
ܣôԴУʱճӵȷǿǿʱճǿҲüԦ㹻ǿУ
ƽһǳˣһʱ䣬һľٶ
ɡ
ƽСǧ磬ͬʱСǧ統УȻʼĻˡ汬ըĩգռ
ָ֮ĻѣƽСǧ統У˶ˣ֪ƽҪʲô
ƽڸʲô׷𣿡
ƽСǧһ񳱣ⲻǼСǧܹѳʱճӣ
ٽԱ˰ɣ
Ƕ̫СƽˣƸ۰û뵽Ȼְ취
ţ⡭ڹϢս
Ԫ٣ǰԪ٣ŵμԪٺƺƵ˺ʱճӣ𣿡
Ҳ֪ܲ˺ʱճӣμԪ٣϶ܲסֻǣȫǰμԪ٣ƽܶȹ𣿡
һʱ䣬ڶ鸴ӵĿƽ壬˾òǣ˸̾ƽѡԸƸȥһ
ֻǣһΣҲ֪ƽҲ֪
ַҲƽĶǣ΢΢һݣһƽȻԸ
ַ̾ͼӴʱճӵеʱ٣ʱѸٵĵˡ
ҪˡƽôһٽڵʱգʵǷǳѡ֮ǰַҲֻǿ֧ŰˣڻҪ٣ַ͸Գе
ڽҧţѾܵһвһƽļԪٱֱ롣
ֻҪܹƽĽٽľ磬ַаȫסƽôƽȻҲַˡ
ھʱ䣬һᡣ
ƽڲϵĿСǧıըȡȫȻٴӻеԪ١
ûʱٵĽҲְֻ취ǰԪ١
ַҲڷĳСǧ縺ɣļ٣ʱ䵹˵ٶܹٿһЩǾƽĽٽĳ̶ȡ
ûκνַ˵ѹ
һ̣ΧĿ⣬нĶʱճӣַ塣֪˶ؼʱ̡
ʤһ̣
ǱһұɣԪ٣
Ҳ֪˶ãƽ쳤ХڵСǧ磬ҵ𶯡ͬʱһɹɿֲĽ籩һ㣬Сǧϯ
ƽڵĵμԪ٣ڱˣ


1725 ƽǷ
Ԫ٣
ַɫһ䣬»Ƿˣƽǰ˼Ԫ٣һǵμԪ١
ƺƵļԪ٣ͬһ㣬ݻһСƽ쳤ХЩΧɢ˿ҲСǧı
ַһʱ͸ܵˣԪٱʱճѹȻʱճҲܿסַСǧȴס
ָоһҪӲСǧ̼ͻ

ַûκԥĴ㣬ȴòѡǣʱճӣʱƽ»صƵ֮С
ಣ
ַһξ룬ɫЩѿ⻹ǵһΣܴʱճʲôǿУֻҪ뵽ʱճӵУ·һ
ڣƽȴѶˡȻǽ˼Ԫٵܽʲôܴʱճӳ죬Ǿʤ
٣ַңҲַһѣʱճӣ޵еġ˵ʱճסκεˣСǧȴ֧סʱճסκεˣʱʣҲ޷ס̫ǿĵˡ
ˣˣʱճǿҲԱ޿κô
ƽƺԵúܷ
ַȴƽֶ˵ƽѱΣѵܶȹμԪٲɣ
ƽϵЦ̾ͽסˡ
ȷƽвѾǻˣǵμԪ١ðǰԪ٣ʵûʲôա
Щ꣬˴Сǧ籾ԴμԪ٣ô׶ȹô׶ȹٽѾ鲼ǧˡ
ʵȴǣٽҲǳϡ٣һ϶¶棬߽ٽһײβ
ʱû˻῿ƽϾԷڱ˵μԪ٣ܶǽһ˵ͻʱ͵òʧˡ
ǣƽҲûԥ̿ʼ߾ȫĶȹμԪ١
һĻΧЩǶȻ
ƽȷǻصǧ磬ûбַʱճסȴҲǸ߰ģǰμԪ٣п·һ
ˣƽ㲻ʤߡ
ҶھĵȴţƽյĽ֡

ƽգСǧѾʼһһŵСǧ籾ԴСǧ統ţűԪ𻵵Сǧ硣
ַ忴ֱҡͷۡ
ôСǧ籾Դֻϧ˷ˡ
ַۣҲ޷ȥǿЩСǧ籾Դڵƽ˭ҿһǱضᱻ
ˣַҲƽһξ룬ҹڿƽܴвַͲ⡣
ʱ֮߾ߣ˭Ҳ¡˵ƽڱԪٻΪҽĿԸߴųɡƽ죬ȹ˵μԪ٣ΪٽҲκβַ塣
ʱƣƽСǧļԪңӴĽͬȼյһһ𽥽ƽڵСǧ綼ճɡ˻ҽ
ٶСǧ籾ԴҲ޷ֲˡ
ַ֪ƽȥϽѾעˣȲμԪ١
ǵμԪǿ°
μԪ٣˿£ܹȹ
˵μԪˣǵĴΡμԪ٣һԽǵҪȥ͵û۴Сǧ籾Դϧһд۵ĻСǧ籾Դƽ³ǰ֮
ַ壬ʵҲݡ
ҲȹĴμԪ٣ȻԪжôĿֲн˵Ԫپ·һԽǵ
һҪͼȥǾпٲڼԪµĽʵ̫̫ˣĻٱҪٱֹ
Ҳڶһʾ٣ǶĿһλٽȥȹμԪ٣Ȼʧܣ־ǿǶһѵõľ
һξƽ˵ȴ֣֮
ƽ¶֮ɫСǧѾױȼյĽΪ˻ҽϵϢҲѸٵʧ
ȻҲùŰɣǽѾˣҲһ
ƽĴЦţڼԪٵı֮£˲仯Ϊ˻ҽ
һλٽʹ䡣
˶ĬĿŻЩӡ
ܴķƽ䣬ֱַӵĹϵʵ൱ǻնɱƽ
ԽնɱһλٽֱǧʷĵһΣ
ַޱϲȻ̧ͷƺӦʲôɫ΢΢һ䡣
ˣ
һɿµ˲пռ䣬ͬһ㣬һӽﷶΧнס
ƽǷٽȻһλĽٽУҪԳ֡
һİ˶Իصš


1726 ľǽ
䣡
ֲѹ٣ַڵһʱʩչݷȴɸоСǧ·𶼱˺ѣ粣·һ̾ͻ
ǽ
ˣˣǽǸӣϽˡ
ʲô߽ٽԭΪƽֻ˵˵û뵽˾ǽ١ϵĽѾƲסˣڣ¼Ԫپͻ᳹ױʱľǽֱ޼ɵȫûκι˼ɣǡ
ƽǽˣò˵ƽ̫ùˡƽǰҲ˻汳
ڸսǽ٣һʱ䡰롱ټˡʲôЦǽھǷĴʣ߽ٽļֱʤÿһζɾ޴ѡ
ʱ߽ٽǺ޹˼ɣ޼ɵʲô͸ʲôֻҪʲôǧľٶʲô˸档
ڣַѾܵ˾ǽĿ⣬ȫ˼ޣĿռ䶼
ӴСǧ֮˺ַʱճӡ
ַǼʶ߽ٽĿֲ֮ԭһ̶ȣҲôĿֲʱʣǿҲ޷ʱճӵϵ
ңǽץסûһʱնɱˣַҲ˻ᡣ
ˡ
ַӰһʱ֮鲼ͨʱճӡһ̣ӰѾ뵽ʱճ֮С
ţƣ
ǽһŭȣȻַҪߣܹʱ֮ĲҲֻǲˡ
ڸ棿
߽ٽҲ޷ʱ֮Ψһİ취ǾƿʱճӣԴƿʱճӡ
䣡
һɺƴޱߵ٣˲佫Բ귶ΧգΪ촷ۡգһӱˡ
𣬶ܵ˲Щ֮Ȼˣ߽֮֡ٽˡÿһη񣬶һѡ
ֻǣôֲȷַʱճһӰ죬ʱճӶЩȶϾʱճӣֻһ˲䣬ѾʧӰ١
ʱգǵſռܴˣǽĻռ䣬ַ˵ûκӰ졣
һεľҲַʱ֮ǿһֱĵ߽ٽڿֻҪһ˲ɱôܹʱճ뿪
˭Ҳκβ
뵽ǽڷ״ַ̬֪ͨԪԪ뿪ǧ磬յСǲɢˣǶȥɣǽڷˣ֪ɳʲô¡
ַ岻òľǽϧһдۣǨŭڻὫһٻ𡣶ʧȥǵ߽ٽǼһѡ
ˣ
ǽǰտҲѾĿռ䣬ΣˣҾǰˡ
ƽͳͳ
ַˣǽȻ֮£ǲȻŭ߽ٽר̸ҪԸõϹʱ֮ܡ
أ
ˣȻˣʧӰ١
һʱ䣬ǽ̱ŭܵʲôģѾʧȥˣں޲ûһУǿ˳ߣͳͳ
¡¡
ǽˣһΣӵķ
΢һһĽپͷȻǽ֣ҿֲСǧֱ֮ѹ
λĽٽһ˿ֿ֮ûУͱ촷ۡ
Ľٽʹ䣡
һĻ˶о㤡
ӣϽӣǽķˡ
ţ߽ٽֲ̫ˣĽپͷȻһֵסͱ촷ۣʹ䡣
ǽ׷ˣϽӣĻǶ·һ
߽ٽܿ£߽ٽ͸ӵĿˣֱ޼ɵݺ޵Сǧ綼ᱻݻ١
˭ƺ˾ǽ
ǽնɱĽپͷ֮ǰƽϵĽپͷ֮һλĽپͷĻ̻̣һʱߡЩ׼յУǧ磬ʵ̫Σˡ
ȻҲ߽ٽ񣬵󲿷ֶ֮С֮ǰǽʵҲ֮С
ǧ磿
йӵģǧ緢񣬲޼ɵɱ¾ƻĻΰǧ֡
ֻǣܾúܾöûмǧˣˣǧ
ǽʧȥǣһ·ϾǷĻ֮һЩĵܵ˲ֱӴݻ١
һʱ䣬ǧĻ̻̣ƺﶼȫ
ˣ
ڶĻ̻ʱǧһֺǽ¾Ϊƻǧ簲ɱ
ƺƵǧÿһ䡣


1727 ǽ֮
䣡
ֺ£һֻ֣һֻ޴ǹ֣·ǧ֣գȰǧ磬۾ǽӣƺӲֻ޴ƵַΧ

ǽŭ𣬱ֻǣǾ޴Сǧ磬˽Сǧ磬ԻһеĽһֻʱôС
أ
޴£һйƽ
ǽʧˣһ˿Ϣû¡߽ٽôˣ˭ֻ֪һֻƣ׾ٵɱ˾ǽ
Ǻεȵ𺳣
Ҫ֪˿̵ľǽɲ߽ٽô򵥣һλŽ߽ٽȾǽǿĽҲԲҶԾǽ֡
ԭܼ򵥣һմȾСǧļԪ٣ǲǵòʧҲΪΣ߽ٽ񣬼ûκνԭ
һٵ˽ٽв˵Сǧвǧ˵ȴͲʲôˡ
ǧڵǧ磬ûмԪ٣ǲûκνѣǵУҲֻһˡ
ˣǧɲںûнֱӳ֡
ɱǽߣǧǧеǧ֮һ
ˣ
ƿеĵһλǧʵɲ⡣ǽΪѾǧǧ˻ΣȻ֡
Ĩɱĵڼλ߽ٽˣ
ǵλһλ˽ٽ񣬶Ĩɱˡзᣬǧ磬Ӷ
Һˣһλ߽ٽΣʵ̫ˡǧ֣ľǽĳϣ޵еĴڡ
Ĩɱǽ˿һλ߽ٽΣʵ̫ˡ
ûǧ綼֪˶ٴΡЩ߽ٽɲʲôǣĽҲעҪôնɱҪôͱԪٻΪҽ
Ȼ֮ǰҪƽԸЩĽٽǣ˿ɫȴѿ
ǽˣٽƽҲַնɱʲô⣿һʱ䣬ЩĽپͷǣֻܰİ취߿ֲܷ֮ǰĴѡ

ţǽˣ
ַոմգûã͵õ˾ǽϢַ̾ͻص˻õ׼ȷϢ
ǽȷˣǱǧеǧ֮һնɱ

ַ˵֣񸮾ģַ廹õġݡ
ġˣȻַûм·ϣ֮ġԵ֡ɲ١
ǽ䣬ַڿһΪֹΣѾȥˣƾַһնɱƽսû˻鷳
ַ壬Ҳǧպǵľͷ֮һˡ
ĳ˵ֱЩٰ߽ǻҪѲ׾ܵЩַĽǵ³
ħƿߣһٽٽǵַģƺ⣬ַеĽѾˡ
Ժյġսû˻ӣٽҲǲ򲻵ѣ
ٴӭһΡ𣬶׷ѡ뵽˻Ŀȱ
ˣȥƵˣ
ַȻûƵϾǿٽĵһΣֱַӴŻȥƵ
Ƶû뿪һЩ£ӭӻ˵ĵ
ȻǶڻ̲Ƶûие־ߺ£Ƕ֮ǰļӣǲŻôġ
ַȥ˱⵱УһСǧ籾ԴûУò˵ƽǳĽСģȫСǧ籾ԴƽСǧ統С
ֻǣƽԪճ˻ҽСǧ籾ԴȻҲʧˡ
ȻûеõСǧ籾Դַ΢ͳһƵƿصСǧ磬ԼЩ̫š
ǧСǧ磡
ַ𾪣û뵽͵ƽȻƿ֮Сǧ磬ǧСǧ磬ͰĻСǧ籾ԴһԪʱ䣬ܹð˰ٷСǧ籾Դ
ѹƽܹ׶ȹμԪ٣һĽμԪ٣ֻҪٷСǧ籾ԴϾܶȹˡ
ڵμԪ٣ҪһǧٷСǧ籾ԴǧСǧ磬ҲԶԶ
ƽΪζҪ취طСǧ籾ԴˣҪȹμԪ٣ôס
ƽΪƿʱճӣǰСǧļԪ٣ǸʱѾ˴߰˰ٷСǧ籾Դ
ֻǣԵμԪ٣ٷСǧ籾ԴԶԶƽûκνңȻͱԪٸΪ˻ҽ


1728 ͷͷ
ǧСǧ磡
ַ忴ݵͳƣЩ̫šǧСǧ簡ͰһԪʱ䣬ͿջһǧٷСǧ籾Դ
ַʱʣҪȹԪ٣ҪҪһЩѣμԪ٣ҲֻҪһǧСǧ籾Դžܹȹȥˡ
Ҳ˵ַѾԿ϶ٷְٶȹμԪ٣ΪμԪҪСǧ絣ˡ
Ľپ޶ͷǶĺ£ַϣȴɾʵˡϸַǧСǧḶ́¾ûĽˡ
ǧСǧ磬ַնɱĽٽԼһٽǺεѣһλͷֻҪ̫̫󣬾١پͷҪնɱĽٽôףߡ
һߣֺ롣
һƽ䣬ʵҲַһѡ˭Ҳܱ֤ʲô£һԪǰأ
ˣСǧ籾ԴǾͷǳбҪˡ
磬һƽ㹻Сǧ籾ԴǰԪ٣ҲƽĶȹҳΪٽ˵ܷΪʤˡ
ﻹ䣿
ֻǣ¼ûкҩںҲˡ
ַҲõ˾ʾԭСǧ籾Դ̾ͶȵμԪ٣ȴô롣
ǵû㹻Сǧ籾ԴܽμԪٵСǧ籾Դ㹻ȥȵμԪ٣Σսᱻ͡
ַȻǧСǧ磬ȴû㡣෴ҪСǧ硣
ǣڻһЩĽٽȴַȥ̸һ̸

ô죿Ŀǰô죿
ڤѾˣľǽնɱûȥ˻
ĽٽͲǣˣһȾһЩܵԼ˲Żô򶨣Щıߡ
ĿǰֻʣλǵһЩ취򣬵ȵƵ͵ֵˡԻ׺ʲôã
ڶʲô취ûС
ʵǣĻ̫ʢ߽ٽ˭ҵң߽ٽһնɱô
˾ǽĽѵλ߽ٽ֣ο߽ٽ
ǵȻֻ·һ
ҶĽپͷȻ
ֻһְ취ˣǾǷ
ǹʲôã
ȻãնɱǣԻʲôôҲҪСǧ籾ԴˣֻҪܸ㹻ĺôȻܽǰΣ
԰⵹Ǹ취նɱǣֻܻСǧ磬ǵСǧ籾Դ͵òȻˣǾͳһСǧ籾ԴøһСǧ磬֮ǵôѪֻû⡣
պζȹμԪ٣
ǾֻˣҵĵμԪٻһʱ䡣ȹǰΣȻ취ܱûϣҪöˡ
ĽپͷǣһջǾЭͷǰ

ڤ¾Ȼֻ˰Сǧ磬ɺ硣
ַҡҡͷڤĵȴҲΡ
ڤҲ湻ùľǽˣ⵽˳֮䣬ֱӾȥڤ
ͳֻ˰Сǧ磬ɺ磬ǻıȽҵĽپͷˡ
ѹڤѾĻչСǧ籾ԴϷֵ۽Сǧ磬ԭֻһǾǡ
ڤϷСǧ磬ҵ㹻Сǧ籾ԴôμԪ٣ΣڤǶȲȥġ
õ˰˰Сǧ籾Դַ¾ӵǧСǧˣһǳӴ֣ٽûôСǧ硣
⻹ԶԶûнַһֱλĽپͷûżȥλĽپͷ
뿴ЩĽپͷʲô취
ֻϧַʧˣƺλĽپͷһĪչûʲôĶ
£λĽٽǰݷý£
ԪȻһϢ
ˣ
ַ΢΢һ㶣漴ҡҡͷȷû̫õİ취˵ַѾ֪ǵĿġ
޷ǾǷԿȥˡ
ȻЩʧַҲ֪ųߵǲܵˣڵǧ磬λҲ֣
ҲգȥһǣԸ⸶ʲôۣ
ַӰһֱʧС


1729 ȹμԪٶˣ
ʹλĽپͷΣƺڱĿ񣬾ĵȴš
ৣ
һӰ˴֮Уֱϡ
λ۾ɫӣǹغ
ַʵȻĽٽݵλȴܵͬĽٽٽ
ַĿλͷһɨȴûпλǵã֮㲻Ѻá
λı΢΢һ£òͷˣҲֻջΪһЦһξǰ֮ᡣǱƽɱΣӶԣʵá˾ֿ̬ȣ֮ᡣ
ֿ̬ȣ
ַЦЦλҲֻһҧǾÿλóСǧ磬ϣԴԺ󣬻֮Թһʹ
Сǧ磬ȷǳһλĽپͷʵҲƿһǧҵСǧˣ಻˶٣ҲٲȥܹóСǧ磬ǴѪˡ
ַֻϵı˿仯Ƶ˵ÿλСǧ磿ôֱʣλ֪Ƶõ˶Сǧ磿
λһ֪ͷϷˡ
٣
ǧСǧ磡
˻
һʱ䣬λһƽǧСǧ磿Щ̫ţ˵͵ƽǧСǧ磿
Ƕ֪ôƽˡַ˻˼ײˣǾǲƽǧСǧ磬˲ŸһǧСǧ磬ַ⣿
λһۣзŭҲΡǲַƭǣΪûбҪ
Ҳ֪ǲǸƽƿôСǧ磬ַθڶˡ
ڣȴ
˰Сǧ磬ÿ˸˰Сǧ統⣬ÿλóٷСǧ籾Դҵİ˳ˣҲǼˣǺͽĳ⣡
գλһҧ˾
Сǧ磬ʵֻ̽Ҳַ֪϶ӦϾǽǶһһնɱõĿɲֹСǧô򵥡
ǣ˰˰Сǧ磬һÿٷСǧ籾ԴһַĶ֣ͲܻСǧ籾Դ
ˣǵļˣҲǵĳ⣡
λĻ£ĺܰšһ̵˼㣬ŵ˼㡣
ַһֱĬƺںʲôֳĬգλž޴ѹ
ǲ֪һ̻ʲôҲһַͻᶯ֣ǶͳͳʱճӵУʱǿɾ·һˡ
ַȷںնɱĽٽȷ
뵽߸ϵǧǧסʲôͷʲôǧǰֵһᡣ
ǿǽһֻƣһ
ȻֵܳһΣǾܵڶΡεĳַ֡ϸѯһÿһγֵԭ
ķһɣÿһγ֣ʵάƽ⣬ǧƽ⡣
ϣȶǧϵȶ˭ƻȶƻƽ⣬ôͻԥĳ
ˣЩһ١١ٽ֮ս١ٽսʲô޷ǧ磬Ҳ޷ǧƽ⡣
Ψ߽ٽ֮ĴսŻӰ쵽ǧƽ⣬ˣֱӳĨɱǽǳƽĿġ
ǧ磬൱һ顰ʥءǺյУȫĵطǧĻҲΣա
ַֻĽٽε£Ҳǡ
ģһҪնɱλĽٽ޷ǧ磬ڻ᲻ƽ⣬Ǿ˵ˡ
Ͼеı׼ɶС
ַ̫ǿƣǧƽ⣬˳ֵĻַҲ޿κΡˣǲնɱַҲضԴ
Ӧǵ
գַ廹ѡλ⳥
ÿλó˰Сǧ磬ԼٷСǧ籾ԴʵѾ൱ˡһСǧ磬һԪҲܵõʮСǧˡ
ȻһСǧ϶ֹһԪʱ䣬ԳԪʱ䡣
Ѿλܹļˡ
̫ˣ
λظ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǣǷ׷óܹǧСǧ磬ԼһǧСǧ籾Դ㼱Ҵҵ뿪˻ƺһǶܲڡ
ǧСǧ磬ԭǧСǧ磬һһһǧСǧ磡һԪʱ䣬Ͱ࣬ûĻջӽǧٷСǧ籾ԴǼһǧСǧ籾ԴǧٷСǧ籾ԴǶȹμԪٶ㹻ˣ
ַ岻㲻֪һһ
Сǧ籾Դô׾͵õˣμԪҪСǧ籾ԴѾ㹻ˡ
߽ٽ֣򣬾Ϳŭ
ַҲףΪ߽ٽٳǧˣ㶯֣󲿷ֶյУᡣ
ˣǽĨɱǾǵأǽһƿźСǧ硭
ַһ뵽˾ǽµСǧ硣һǿһʡŲ
ôһʾ޴ġŲȴûκϢҲ̫ˡ
ַ尵ľ裬ǣ浽߽ٽôضֵáһ뷨ҲСĽȥ̽Ϣ
Ūе㡣


1730 
ǵ
ԪַµİţЩΪѵǵأƽʱҪҵǵѣ˵ȥǵϢˡ
Ϊ
ַҲ֪ʵѡ߽ٽǣײβÿһλõܲ͸磬߽ͬٽҪ߽ٽĵôס
ˣǾη߽ٽԲȥʲôԽ׳һԼ鷳
ڼԪȥ̽ǵϢʱַҲڴ߽ٽǵһЩϢ磬ȻҪСǧ磬Ϊ߽ٽ
Ҫ֪߽ٽʵҪɱĽ١ٽȻһѣҲȫɱ
ֻҪ׼һɱ
Ͼ߽߽£ȫ־磬һǵΪһֱû߽ٽ֣١ٽż˵
ʵʲôأַҲԭˡ
ԭ߽ٽǲ߽֣߳ջǧ硣гˣᣬҲȥնԷĵ
ǣѰһЩˡ
磬ǽѰҷˣֻǣһ̫鷳ҲзգϾܽɵӡ
УǡЩĽϣ߽µĽǣĻ߽ϵĽ֣ϵСǧ磬жٽܹȹԪ٣
Ϊƿߵķչ
ַƺ͸Щ£ЩأĿġ
ڷǧĽķչϣǧĽԽԽ࣬ԴԴϵĳɾͽǵλǧ
ôк壿
һеλǧǻǧȨô˽ˣ
ַ岻ţһһЩأȴ֪ˡ˽⵽ĹأַҲ˿
٣õ߽ϽвˡϾǽֻǸȻ߽ٽпܻᷢ񣬵ǱϾǿܣÿһλ߽ٽᷢ
£˾ǵϢ
ûãԪ˸߲ҵĻص˻
Ŷ˵˵
ַҲܸȤ
ǵԴӾǽĨɱһЩ߽ٽȥյУһսվʤϼ˾ǵ
ϼ
ַüͷû˵λʵϣ߽ٽܵ͵֪ܶǵĴڡ
߽ϵĽǴڸзǳˡԾЩĽ١پͷپͷ඼൱ĵ͵
Ҳǹ͵ҪŬĻСǧ籾Դû˼ˣȻԵõ͵ࡣ
£ϼպգΪϣȹھŴμԪ٣ɾ͵λǧİڣ
ô˵ϼǰ˽ٽ
ԣǰ˽ٽ
ַ˵ͷʾˡǲİ˽ٻϾСǧ۷ˣΪ˽֮ǵھŴμԪ٣һȹСǧͻɱ䡣ˣ˵ǾŽٽҲ˵ɱľŽٽ
ϣΪŽٽֻСǧɱûɵһ̡ͻΪǧ
ô˽٣Ͼ۷ˣ
ַεļס֣ԭһЩ˼ȾָǵСǧ磬ڿûʲôᡣ
뷨ҪС
ϼˣοϼǻ߽˽ٽŻ˾ǵСǧ磬еľжôļҡ
ֻսյнУˣûжŰˡʵϣе¸ӵĲҡ
߽ٽǲնɱСĽСĽð߽ٽۣնɱˣҲ֡
ˣַֻܽ˼ȥѾԶȹμԪˣͲôš
ϾԪʱ䣬ȥռȹߴμԪٵСǧ籾Դż
ʱһţַĻǽǰδеƽַҲѵõľ
ֻǰͰ࣬ȥһЩСǧ磬ѾˣΪˣַķٷСǧ籾ԴĿŽʯλ
Ӵˣַ¾ͶλαϼԪһαֱÿһ
ȻķٷСǧ籾Դĥ󿳲񹤣ЩֵõġЩαַͲòλαѾܹһС
ַֻҪǱޣܿһѸšͣһټ


1731 Ľ
ַûôɹԴǧ磬ûкúõˡڣڿԺúõһ¼ˣӡ
ַʼգ׽ļˣӡΪǶӻŮԼļͥԼ棬һӴļ塣
ַǷĻ
ˣַҲͺúõǧ磬ûмԪٵвӵҲ޾
һꡢꡢꡭ
ꡢǧꡢꡭ
ַûϢôʱ䣬ʱַûǳСǧ籾ԴҲûпȥоʱ֮
һоͶȻȻ·ʱϣûκε塣
һꡢʮꡭ
֪һԪʱ䵽ˡ
ַûʱٵ֮£ȻȻĹȥһԪʱ䣬ѾܹоԪٵٽ
μԪٶַ˵Ͳʲô
һԪʱ䣬ַ½ҵ˽߰Сǧ磬ˣַСǧ磬һǧ
һǧСǧ磬һԪʱ䣬ṩ˲ӽǧİٷСǧ籾Դһֲ֣ٽ֪ˣĽѡ
ԭַһǧСǧ籾Դʣ˼ٷСǧ籾ԴַܹϣСǧ籾Դʹﵽ˿ֲǧݣ
ǧСǧ籾ԴǺεȵĺţ˵μԪˣǶȹμԪٶǿ㹻ˡ
ңַ循ϲǣѾ½Сǧ磬ɽաϾַĻĻҪöˡ
ÿһСһԪ߰Сǧ磬ҪġһĽٽĵһԪҲһСǧ硣ģÿŸȡᣬչСǧ籾ԴܶȹμԪ١
Ļֻܵˡ
ַʵһԪƿ߰Сǧ磬ЧʵȽϵˡΪϾֻһλαȱַλĽٽ㣬ȻҪһ㡣
ңҲȱ֡
ʱƣһԪЧһһǧСǧ籾ԴҲǲܡ
¡¡
ڣĳһ죬ַСǧļԪڱˡһεļԪ٣ӿȣƺƵƺϯһУһС
ʱճҲһЩȡϾʱճӵĸСǧ統УСǧ类ݻ٣ôʱճȻҲ޸ƼȻʧ
οСǧַĸСǧҲˡ
һεļԪ٣ַԤ뵱лҪֲַѾ˳׼Сǧ籾Դʼ޸Сǧ硣
ڼԪ֮Уһ˿˿Ľ͸ʱճӣȴûκεá
һꡢꡢꡭ
ַڵļԪٳʱܳϰ֮á
ڣַ庣Сǧ籾Դ£μԪٽƽϢСǧҲʼ˷͡
ÿһμԪٹСǧ綼ʮٱ͡Сǧ֮ѹƸĽˡ
ҲΪΣԽսԭַӵųԽһйʱ֮ҲԽս
ٽ
ַ۾ƺЩ㱡һԪʲôûʲôûУΪٽȴ׾٣ûκ鷳
ָоǰδеɡ
ңķСǧ籾ԴҲֻԤжһ㣬ӽһǧһٷСǧ籾ԴԶǧСǧ籾Դַ˵Ͳʲô
ǵμԪ٣ҲֻҪǧϵСǧ籾ԴˡһԪʱ䣬ַСǧ磬ԴԴϵĻСǧ籾ԴˣμԪٶַ˵Ҳûκ֮
ߴμԪٵһ鷳˵ѡٽ˵ߴμԪ֮¡
ԭܼ򵥣ߴμԪҪСǧ籾ԴǵμԪٵʮϣַӵʱʣʣҪСǧ籾Դ͸ˡ
ַߴμԪ٣Ԫʱ䣬ַãʱҲӦδˣһԪʱ䣬һռôСǧ籾Դ
٣Ͱռ϶İ취
һЩ鷳
ַһЩ鷳ΥһԭȻַ㲻ʲôˣԵ޹ʣΪСǧ籾ԴҪȥİĽַ廹Υԭ
֮⣬û취ˡϾַϣ˭
ʱַӵĽһϢ
Ϸ翽׷ɱʮ֮һľħ
ַܵϢ֮¶һ˿֮ɫ
ĽĿǰַǧΨһġѡˣƬַ̣廹ǾãĽþȣ
ಣ
ǣֱַʧ˻֮Уžħȥ


1732 һӣ
ĽӲˡ
ħĽĲ԰ף߾ȫҪ׷翽۷ĽԵġ
䣡
嫵Сǧ֮٣ʱĽ·޾ѹСǧ綼һѺۡƺԲע⣬Сǧͻ
زĽѾɽˮĵزһ·ߣ翽شǵ;ƿݵĵزѾˡ
ǣĽˣͣԭء
ôˣ
翽Цһ׷Ľһʱˣû뵽ĽһĽٽֶεͦࡣƺСǧ籾ԴĻҲܻӲ׷˺ܳʱ䣬Ž׷
Ľɫ԰ףĿȴܼᶨ˵翽ھħܻʲôԵǸƾֶΡôģͲͬķʽ㣿
翽һâЦĽǲǳĽٽ˷ɵˣѾҪȵμԪ٣ûаնȹˣһνջҪñ׷ɱ㣬ǿĽ׷ɱǱҲˡοٽ׷ɱҲһߡ
翽¶˾ģһҪ׷ɱĽ
׼ȷ˵ǵõĽջ񡣱ϾĽھħУǻ˲Сջ
ã翽ôͱˣҲֲϷˡӦ֪ϷһЩ飬ղϷѾ֪ͨ˻Ѿˣʱ翽Σˡ
Ľһҧ˵

翽ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ翽ٽ壬һԪ죬ʢĻȴòɵ֡
ߣΣΪҲ͵õϵıħˣʱ򣬱ɾٽ»ԣ˵ʲôûˣħ֮Կ
ĽԣɫĸӲ԰ˡһʱ䣬ַţ΢һ翽
翽ȴᡣ
ңĽҲַ֪嵽׻᲻Ͼ֮ǰַһ㽻飬ʵʲôܶ඼֮Ľַ᲻ĽҲûаա
ˣĽֻӲύȥһȥע޷øСǧ籾Դʱֻ·һǽȹμԪǧˡ
ˣˣ·һٻ֧һʱ䡣
ƴˣ
ĽٴεСǧ֮Сǧ¸ֶɢӴϢҪСǧƴˡ
۵
翽һĽٽֵܵסٽǣһֺ޴Сǧ磬͵ĳĽݺȥ
һңԽĽش˺ĽСǧ磬ţ浽һ̣Ľħ֮Կ
翽ݵһĽֱȵף֪һжˣһע޷ֵ
¡¡
翽Сǧ磬ݺݵҵĽСǧ磬һȻ޿赲Ľϡ
һ̣ĽѾоϢ
ˣ
Ȼһ޴ʱճӣм䡣ʱճһֱӾͽĽ뵽С
ƾ翽Сǧ޷ʱճӡ
ˣ
Ľַ֣Ŀ˸м֮顣Ͳһ㣬һСǧͳ飬ʱ򣬿¾ǧֶˡ
һΣַһ
ַüͷĽĽôŪ⸱ģ
ȷڵĽνǱСǧҲ𲻿ƺʱ䡣
ĽЦ˵ҵħѰһԵõ˾ħ֮Կȴ翽סˣһ·׷ɱˡǻʱϵѾˡ
翽
ַ彫Ŀ˲Զ翽ʱճ֮ڣƺƵʱճӣɢصɫʡ
ֱַһ߳ʱճӣĽʱճӵȫģֻҪַ岻ʱ䵹ˣôĽͻᱣʱ侲ֹһ̣ǳȫ
翽ɫѿ޹أ㲻Ҫ֡
ַȴҡҡͷĽǱѣȻˣôȻ͹ܶˡ翽һӣΣ
˵ַ꣬ɢٽϢʱ翽һ
ٽ
ǰøոնȹ˵μԪ١
ַѾٽ翽ֻһҧãһӣա
ಣ
˵꣬翽ԥת뿪˾ħ


1733 ħ֮Կ
ˣ
翽һӾ뿪ˣ˹ϣûһ˿ɣⲻĽܳԾҪ֪翽۷ĽȻַ󣬶˵ֱӾ뿪ַ̫
ҲĽַǧƺиӿ£һţ۷֪Ѷˣֱ뿪ζʲôĽ˭
翽뿪ַ岢ԾúĽʱնɱٽǳٽ翽ôַսǴôħ֮Կ翽Ҳֻѡ뿪
Ľûˡ
ַĽüͷһ壬ĽɲôáǶǲһΪĽٽһԪȥˣַѾȹ˼Ԫ٣ΪٽĽҲ˶ȼԪٵʱ
ĽȴٳٶûжȹԪ٣ʱпܼԪٱӶΪҽ
лԶʩԮ֣롣
ĽϵַһݣŸл
ĽôûжȵμԪ٣
ַ̲סʵ
Ľһַ壬ѾַܵٽϢǣиӿɬֻܿЦ˵ҪȹμԪ٣ѣҿɱȲôǿʵƿڶСǧ磬ֻһһĻۡһԪջСǧҲ޼ԶԶȹμԪٵġǿжȼԪ٣ֻ·һˣҲðսħϣܹþħеСǧ籾Դֻû뵽ոջþħ֮Կͱ翽׷ɱ
ַЩȻ
ǵõոսǧ磬ĽǸ߸ϣַУһλ֡
֪䣬ȴѾĽĽҲٲά裬ÿʱÿ̶ĥѡ
ܶȹμԪ٣µμԪҲ᧿Σ
Ľܺãƺܻĺôħ֮ԿַҲ֪ǽħıر֮
ĽСǧ籾Դ
ַһʵ
Ľǰһж˼֮ɫæ˵һԪʱ䣬ѾİٷСǧ籾ԴһȹμԪ٣ҪٷҵСǧ籾ԴЩ⣬߰ٷСǧ籾ԴҲһ㹻ˣ
߰ٷô
ַԼƺķһǧСǧ籾ԴʱʣһĽٽͺķѲһǧСǧ籾Դ
ٷСǧ籾Դ㽫ħ֮Կң͵ǽ
ַãֱóٷСǧ籾ԴĽ
ٷСǧ籾ԴһΪ˾ħ֮ԿҲΪ˳ǧ֮Ľﰵַİ
ַ岻֮ˣοĽǧ磬ΨһġѡȻĿĽԪճɻҽ
Ľ̾ͼٷСǧ籾ԴܲһԪʱ䣬ҲŻ۵İٷСǧ籾Դַһ֣ֱӾ͸˽һСǧ籾Դ
ڵĽԣǾ֮
֪ħ֮ԿֵôСǧ籾ԴĻҾͲ˵ˣպҪһ߾ȫϧ
ĽǷĵĸмַ壬Ҳﰵȷǰַ岻٣Ȼ㲻̫æչһڣھڵõˡر
ϽĵĶȹμԪٰɡ
ַ忴ĽʵڲôãԪʱпܱ
ģһΣһܶȹμԪ٣ħ֮Կպãƣ˵ӵоħ֮ԿħģҲûʲôôͬϣдջ񡣡
˵꣬ĽֱתΪһ⣬뿪˾ħ
ĽȥıӰַЩء
μԪ٣Ľ˲ôߴأУʼնÿԼַܰһʱﲻһ
ҲμԪ٣ûĻԵζȲȥˡ
һʱ䣬ַҲһ˿ꡣ·ϣһֱģмˣ
ˣЩ̾ˡбǹ¶֮ˣСǧ統УһֱҽŲģ˭
ַҡҡͷҲȥĽˣԺУи˵컯ԵȲȥҲвλôҲ޷һֱĽǧ
ǧվһ
ǿ󲻵ã
վħ֮Կַ룬ҲûԥãֱӾͿ˾ħС


1734 صľħ
ˣ
ַһ˾ħУͺһ̶һԵЩţ޷ʩչ˷һεǣ֮
ħ
ַ뵽˹ھħĴ˵
ħҲǧʮ֮һЩͬǹһħĿֲĴ˵
˭Ҳ֪ħӺζֻ֪ħһ֣Ӵޱȣ·ܹһСĶںǬСǧ磬ҿռصԽһбס
ˣħĳ֣һ߽ϽǶˣκε˾ħ
ǧ֣ħնɱħӴҲӴǧо˶Ҳǧ磬γһ
ھħڣΪλСǧ籾ԴԭҲܼ򵥣ʵħڣ޷Сǧ籾ԴģȴСǧ籾ԴΪЩħĽǣСǧ籾Դھħڲɢ˲
ҴħĽǱضĽϵĽСǧ籾Դ٣ˣö֮ħҲͳһȽŵĽǰ
ֻǣҲܸߣϾħʵϾǾħʬ塣ھǾħĶӣħ߽ܽٽһ£ħĶУںǬסѾ䣬ǲС뵽˾ħУҲ䡣
ǧǽħʬ壬ֱǧ磬ΪһҲ֪ʲôĴ㣬߳ʲôԭ
ͣ
ȻһĵĹâϢ˲ݺݵġײַϣСǧ֮Ȼȫ޷赲ͬ޼᲻ݵһ뵽Сǧڡ
ַСǧ硰̫Ӵֱѹ󽥽ĥɢ
Ǿħڵ
ַһݣֲ̫ˣҪ֪ŽֻһơǾħڵǾͲֻһƣǵضַܵס
˵ַˣ߽ٽҲֵ
ѹ֣ħ߽ϵĽǶ֣ħһһ˲֪߽ٽֻҪɵģûһܹ
ɿֲǰСǧ绹ʲô޷ֵסʴڽֻһƣ׵ƿַڵСǧĤжô档
ħڲͬ
ַһݣԴΪĽٽնɱٽڸҲΪٽַƺǧ籾ʵĸо
ƺ磬ַ˵ѾûκܡǧҲֻǿĽˣǿһ㣬ûбʵ
ڣħĳַ֣һݡ
ħǴΪʵôֲϵСǧ硢ǧ綼ȫͬƺǧ֮⣬Сǧ֮⣬һЩصĶͬлˮһ׽͸
磬ǳأַǧΨһˡ
Ϊǧܴ˽ˡ
ַҲ˷ϵ˷ܣǶδ֪˷ܡðվ񣬼Σյĵطȥһ
ħ֮ԿⲻǾħĶǽƵıпǧƵı
ַ忴еľħ֮ԿźǿҵĽƷ񣬾
ܿ죬ַɵ˾ħľͷʵϣⲢǾͷǳһ޴Żƺķû˿ƹȥ߽ٽܡֻܿžħ֮ԿܴЩŻӶ档
ַ²⣬ЩŻǧƶɣǧֱһЩħ֮Կʵһֹ̬ȣýħ
ζţħ֮УʵкôģֻЩµСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾ԴʲôԽкô
ַ岻֪ЩŻ澿ͨСħҺãʱܹ֮ãҲ˵ַΣգԵһʱʱ֮뿪
ˣַɲҵġϾ֮ǰһİֱ޿ײ룬˲ڵСǧ統С
һ࣬ôַҲұ֤ȫ⡣ˣʱճӣַ嶼СĽΪΣյУǲǵòʧ
ʱַֻ֮ܽħ޷Сǧİˣʱ֮ҲܣһжÿַԼСĽһЩ
Żһоַϸһ£ʲô
ǣ룬ջѡмһŻ
һħ֮ԿֻܴһŻ
ַ彫ħ֮ҪŻʱħ֮Կ·ɢ⣬Żңӳ󳹵׵ںϵһ
¡¡
ŻҲȻ򿪣¶һ档
ַ˿漴ҲԥһŻС


1735 ·
ңԶδ֪Ŀռ֮УʱӰƺںڰǱޡ
ৣ
Ȼ֮䣬˶͵۾
˽ħ֮Կˡ
Щ꣬½ʮħ֮ԿҲʮλĽϵĽ룬ֻϧܹ뿪Ķָ
ҿνλ
ףȻǻǸ˼Сһ
ʱ֮ʱӡǵĺۼӦǻ˳µʱ֮š
˺ܶʱ֮ţʱ֮мˣҲֻʱ֮ǼϼһҲʱ֮޿κΣֻ΢԰ˡ
дԵ컯ˡħ֮ţ֪ܴܲǾϲ
ħѾо˺ܾáǽնɱȴ޷оεǵǧ硣һǧյĲңϣĳԴϢҲǿ׷Ĵǧ磬Դ֮磡
ħҲǵĲ²⣬һա˭նɱȴ޷⿪ϵţǽħ֮ţøĽУϣ⿪ħϵšϣҪʧ
λǧƺ͸ؿռ䣬Ŀ䵽˾ħ֮ڣǵϤӰ֮ϣĿһ˿ڴ


ո߽ħ֮ţַͲһ˿İһΣһ˿һˣ˿а֮ǰһ˿Ҫǿʮϡ
ˣַ岻κСңѾ׼֮յıܿ

ַ峤˿ղǺգһ㣬Сǧ͵óһ˿İˣǾǾħֻ֮һ˿߱ſֲǳΣա
ţ
Ȼַ͵̧ͷա֪Ϊʲôйɱ̽ĸоڤڤУڿ̽
ϸ鿴ȴûκεķ֡
ַֻܽΪǾħ֮Ļֱ̽ĸо
ҲӵСĽھħ֮ڣ鲼ΣСĽУĻܾ͵òĺˡ
ַǰ̽һƬÿʱÿ̶һֱĸоңƺйʱ̶ʴСǧ硣
ݣ
һ˿˿ľħ֮һţַ󵨵Сǧ֮ͼֵǲ׽ֻǣСǧ֮˾ħ֮˲ͱ߽⣬û˿ֿ֮
ַӴСǧ֮ҲһĽƺЩħ֮ȫƽСǧ֮
Сǧֻ֮ʲôֶΣ
ѹ־ħǧΣյĽ֮һȷǺΣգԲע⣬ľħ֮Ǿֻ·һ
ַкܳأû뵽ħȻôΣա磬ĽپͷǣҪ÷Ҫꡣʲô֮УܹƿԼˡ٣һѡȨߣ뿪
ħͬǽ뵽˾ħ֮У߸ϵľͷǣûƿԼ˵
ȫһ㹻ľħ֮Ǿֻ·һ
޷ԼˣȫַܲӦַ嶼ֱ뿪ħ֮ˣַСǧ籾ԴȫûбҪھħ֮ðաμԪ٣ɶȹ
ҲǵߴμԪ٣ȽѣԪʱ䣬ַĻۡ
һ뵽ħ֮ԿҲô׻ãңħڴأҲַһ˿Ȥ
ˣȨúַ廹Ǿȴһ
ַ뾡˸ְ취Ըħ֮붯ùСǧڵֹ򣬶Ըħ֮һЩá
ֻǣö̫ԡ
Ψʱ֮ܶԾħ֮ʵԵˡ磬ַʱ֮תħ֮ʱճӵС
ȻַҲҪž޴ĸɡ
ֻһ˿ַСǧ˵ҲСַ˿ҵӦħ֮İ취ȫǽԼԼС
һЩϺַżǰ
ħ֮ڵĿռܴ󣬱ھħĶĿռ䣬ֻžħЩռҲ׷ױš
洦ɼָķ籩Լħַ֮˼̺ſֲľħ֮ķ籩ħ֮кܶ࣬ʱճӣַ֮յıܿˡ
ַھħڴ˺ܳʱ䣬֪ʮʱȥˡһֱĿĵѰңȴһ
ַĿҪľʱڣµķ֡
СǧϢСǧϢǱСǧ硭
ַ˳Ϣǰȥܿ죬ͿһƬƵСǧ磬ŵϢѾûκεϢ˵һŵСǧ硣
һСǧ統Уȴ̺һַ˷ܵϢСǧ籾Դ


1736 ׺ջ
Сǧ籾Դ
ַܵϢ̾˷ħ֮ðգΪʲôħ֮źأ̲һЩأȴַĿġ
ĿĴֻһǾСǧ籾Դ
κһλСǧ˵Ľٻ߽ٽıֻһǾСǧ籾Դ
ڣַڿһСǧ磬̺Сǧ籾Դܲ˷ܣ
ǣַѸٵĳ˹ȥֱӽ뵽Сǧ統С
СǧĹģĽٽ̺һ˿˿ϢСǧ綼ˣȻҲɢˡ
ӦһλټԪٵĽٽ˾ħ֮Կ׼ħ֮ȴ˾ħ֮С
ַħ֮жôĿֱֲ޿ײ룬СǧͲǶֻ֡ʱ֮ĳЩǿĹ֮ơԸħ֮
ŵСǧ統Уַ巢Сǧ籾Դ಻٣պٷݡѾ൱ˣôʱ䣬ɢһ֡
ٷСǧ籾Դֲ֮ǰַ͸ĽСǧ籾ԴˣַڵСǧ籾Դִﵽǧݣ
ǧСǧ籾ԴǿȹμԪˣַħ֮ðգͲΪ˶ȹμԪ١
ΪߴμԪ׼
ߴμԪҪСǧ籾ԴʮڵμԪ٣ࡣˣŻôٽֹ߽ٽ֮ǰ
Ѱҡ
ַϸչΡһСǧ磬ҲûзСǧ籾ԴֻܼѰҡ
ھħ֮У˵ʮλ䣬һȥءչζСǧ籾Դַ嶼
ȻǰҵЩ
ַǰУΪ˾飬ˣһħ֮ʩչʱճӣ֮ĥȻÿʱÿ̶ڸӦСǧ硣ֻ֪ҪСǧĵطͱȻСǧ籾Դ
ݣ
ַϸѰСǧʱȻһâһţٶ֮죬ֱ˼ھħ֮У·ޱȵĻ˷ʤ
ʱճӣ
ַ巴Ӧ죬оһɾ޴Σ̽뵽ʱճ֮С
䣡
âݺݵײʱճӣһΣַ忴âġݡȻһͷЩ⬣̣Ҽðһ˿˿ľħ֮
ǵģǾħ֮һʮֵŨ
ʲô
ַоɲͷ￴βǺܴЩСɣȴΪ׺Ļ֮£оħ֮һ˽ܵУֱʤ
һ£Ĺþħ֮һ˺СǧĤСǧ統УСǧɶƻתۼ˺ѽСǧ硣
ͷ׺Ĺַ壬ɾûôˡ
ˣ
ַһ֣ʱ俪ʼˡʱַۿղŻצ׺ʱ䲻ϵĵ֮£ҲԵֵʱοʼѸٵ˻
ַͷĲ˻У˹ĳɳ̡
󣬹ﻯΪһֻ״׵ʧˣԭһľħ֮
ͷǴӾħ֮е˵Ծħ֮Ϊھħڡ
ѵھħڵĻ׳棿΢
ַԺһض󵨵ͷȷһض󵨵Ĳ²⣬ϸ㣬ƺҲǲܡ
Ͼħ̫̫ˣڵĻ׳΢ƿ˵ҲǳĿֲԷھħ֮еʹžħ֮Ӧ൱ѡ
ֹûĵطн
ַһֹﲻԵ޹ʵĳ֣ҹԺǿԾ߱ԡҲ˲Ż֡
ַͷϸѰҡ
һңջַҵ˸ԶȻɢСǧ磬ɢŵϢ
Ѿɢ˺ܳʱ䣬СǧϢƲ⣬ַƣһλĽٽһλٽ
Сǧ統Уַ˳ҵСǧ籾ԴĽٽСǧ統Уַջ٣Ȼ֮ҵٷСǧ籾Դƴ󲿷ֶʱʧˡ
ٽСǧ֮ڣַҵ˰˰ٷСǧ籾ԴҲǴջˣһҵһǧСǧ籾Դ
ԭַڵСǧ籾ԴַܹӵǧСǧ籾ԴȹμԪ٣´ˣھӭӵμԪ٣ַ嶼׶ȹ
ȻջΣղġ
ַе⣬ַ֪ھħ֮ڣ̶ʱܹջһǧٷСǧ籾Դ֪жôĽ
ַҲƺСǧ籾Դɣֻ޴ڵľħ֮Ӧοиղͷ׺Ĺ
ٽ¶޷ӦղͷҲַ壬ʱ֮ܽͷӶôջ
ףʲô
ַСǧ總ѰʱһƵľħ֮ۼһյУһУϵתš
֮ڣɢĪϢ
Щħ֮ʱ֮Уʧ
ַӦĳܵĿռ䣬ھħ֮ڣʵռ䣬ǳ
ħھصĿռ϶ɡ
Щռ֮Уʲô˭Ҳ֪̺žħܡ
ַһ˿⶯ֻǣҲ޷֤⴦֮ڵĿռ䣬ȫûΣգϾЩħ֮뵽֮С
Ǿô뿪ַԵЩġħѾ֪ٸԪˣôʱ䣬⴦ռûб֤֮
ʲôöַ岻
ʱճӣʱ֮ΣգӦҲ⡣
ַãջǾȥһԣ⴦Ŀռ䣬ʲô֮


1737 
ңԶյУһδ֪ռڣλǧʱ̹עžħ֮ڵַһ֮Уǧƺüüͷ
ħڹǧռ䣬һռ䣿
ǾħڵĿռ䣬Ҳ޷̽оħʬôʱ䣬ھħڴ󲿷ֿռ䶼֪֮꣬һֿռ䣬ǲ
ĻԵɡħգûҵľϢˣŽħʬǧ磬øĽײײܽӴħĵܡ
óȻ˾ħڵĿռ䣬Ҳ޷̽£˭ҲﲻͿ컯ˡ
λǧ߸ϣ˵ַٽˣ߽١˽ٽǶ̫ӡǧ߽١˽ٽȥܳΪǧмˣôȥҲֻ˳Ϊǧˡ
ַʱ֮λǧעص㡣
Ҳֻܽϣַġˡ֮ˣϾħ̫أλǧҲ޷Ūס

ৣ
ַ뵽֮Уڽһ̣Ѿʩչʱճӣסַ壬뵽С
ոսУַͷ·һӽ뵽һƬռ䣬ܱĺڰһѹֵϢ
ֵǽƬռֱ˿ӵĸоȴʧˡ
ַҲȥϸ˼ʲôԭѸٵĴƬռյһƬƺܺڰһƵľħ֮룬Ѹٵĳĳȥ
ַһ£ҲЩħ֮ķ뿴Щħ֮׷ȥʲôЩħ֮
ܿ죬ַͿЩħ֮ȥ֮УȻһھӵıڿУһƵľħ֮ɢһĲϵžħ֮Ľ롣
澵Ӻܴܴ󣬼ڸ˰Ƭգַ壬ע澵ʱȴֱȥĸо
֪澵Ӻܲ򵥡
ಣ
ַһ˾ǰ˴֣žӺݺһץ
ˣ
ӾȻҵ𵴣һӽַ𿪣ҾԼֳһ档һһž͵
ӵսթߣڻ׷ҵѾɱˣֻؼңΪôͱˣ
ֲ֡ߡ
ţ
ַղŻܽţΪҪʲôʣϾ൱ΣյľħűߵַȴֹŹֵĸо
İˣ˵ַ嵹öȴЩ졣
˭Ϊھħ֮ڣ
˭Щյߣնɱֽҵߵ㷴˭
Ǿħ
ַһ˵ħ
ߣҾǾħǵ˵ҵļ磬ҿɲʲôħֻһʧ·Ĺ¶ˡ
ħ¶˵ı顣
ַԺתͷʵ̫ˡУħ׼ǧ˾޴ƻҪٵǧ
ôڿǰħͺһһûгҲûдŵе׼սթ

ַʵ
Ҳ֪Щߵ˵ӦǴԴ֮磬ߴǧ֮һֱѰҵĵط
Դ֮磿ǧ磿
ַһƺЩףΪʲôǧҪԾħˡֻǣǧ֪ħû𣿶һķʽš
Դ֮Ϊλǧ磿
ַʵ
ħҡҡͷ¶ʹ֮ɫҲ֪Դ֮ʧԴ֮⣬ҸҲؼҵ·ˡǵ磬ֻҵؼҵ·Щߣʵ̫׶ˣһҾͶҹ֮£ֻܷȴǵλǿ߸סնɱ
ôû
ҵļûġ֮ǰҵȷˣֻҪһ˿ħ֮ڣҾ¸ֻʶ֪λǿһֱѰҵʶˣֻܶ޷ҵҵʶ
ַѾµħеλǿߣӦþλǧˡħǧ磬κβ˾ħ
ֻǧղŻնɱ˾ħֻǣǧ֪ħ棬ˣҲٵʶ
ĳ̶ֳϣȷƵǿԲ


1738 ɨħ
ַ˳ĬС
ǧ硢Դ֮磬ⶼַһ˵
ʵϣһֱһЩɻǧǲǾеյ㣿ӵʱ֮û˵ǧҲӵʱ֮
ңǧƺһֱ׷ѰʲôֻǣЩأǧأַȻ
ڣַ֪ǧ׷Ѱʲôˡ
Դ֮磬˵ǧ磡λǧβѰԴ֮磬ֻǣȴһֱûҵ
ħĳ֣ǧϲ֣նɱ˾ħо˾ħʬһʱ䣬ȴһ
ħʬǧ磬ҲǱһ˿ϣܹҵħϵܣ˵Դ֮һ˿
ַԺиͷңڣžħĽͣҲĽһ飬ȻҲƲ⣬оѾ˾Ųʮˡ
⻹أû뵽ַˡ
ħȻԸλǧ˵Դ֮£Ϊ˵
ַɺѣɲ˳ۣþħ֪Դ֮Ϣ
ħЩãǻشʱյϢҼء߹ҲʵϢϢ޷УоСţӵʱϢˣնҵԴ֮硣ҿԸԴ֮һУҲôӦңҵԴ֮󣬽ҴԴ֮磬ؼҡ
ħʱı֣ĺһ·ĺӣ˼ҹŶܹؼҡ
ҴӦ㣬ֻҪܹҵԴ֮磬һǰԴ֮硣
ַûԥ̾ʹӦˡǰԴ֮磬ȻܾϾǧĵط
̫ˣھͿԸߡ
˵꣬ħ澵ӣѸٵСС˰ƴСֱӾ䵽ַϡ
Ҫ
ҪֻҪһص˼磬۳һ׾ٵ£ֻҪҵʶˡȻʶˣҵʬ嵱УܿͻµʶֻҪһЩʱˡ
ַ˵ͷԴ֮أӵвԡ
ħĿǰڣܸ֪ڵСǧ𣿾ߵϢǻŵߣҶҪ
ȻܸӦţȥѰЩߣ
Ȼкô
ħܸӦϢǾٺòˣϾǾħ
ಣ
ǣħַ壬ֱ뿪⴦Сһ뿪⴦УħͲ׿ˣַͣնɱλʵһֱڹעܱ¶
ַ뿪пռ䣬Ҳ̸֪һֱ̽ĸоһ֪пλǧĿ̽
ûħʶλǧϾҲλǧԴħ̬ȣҪɱڣǾѰ·
οħʶַ˵Ҳܴ٣ھħ֮ˮͲʲôΣգѰСǧҲ練ơ
˴ĺôַ⽻ȥ
¡
ַ뿪пռҲѸٵıַ֪ǾħڻۼħҲô֪
ţпռˡ
Ҳˣӣһľ£һ񣿡
Ҳɣھħڵδ֪ռڣΣʵ̫ˡ
ټ۲ɣһҲûô׾ҵħܡ
λǧûзʲôԾĵطħڵĿռ䣬Ҳܶࡣ󲿷ֿռ䣬ǷǳΣգˣַˡǱӳпռ䣬ǲе⡣
ַһֱоڿ֪̽λǧ˾͸ӵСĽˣϵħǾħϵ֪һЩСǧλá
ֵַĺƽһġѰҡһζĳĳȥĻ϶ᱻɡ
ൢһʱҲϧ
һꡢꡢꡭ
ʮַƺַһŵСǧ磬ֻĽٽٷСǧ籾Դ
ʮַãַһСǧ磬ٽСǧ磬һǧСǧ籾Դ
һꡢꡢꡭ
ַھħڴ˺ܳܳʱ䣬ʱ䡣
ʱճӣԶκξħ֮ԼЩħ֮Ĺ޷ַв
ˣԽɨķʽһһɨһһСǧ硣
գַ㷢ʮСǧ磬ʮСǧ磬ĽٽٽٽСǧ硣
ջ֮󣬼ֱ
ܹǧСǧ籾Դټ֮ǰǧСǧ籾ԴַڵСǧ籾Դǧݣ
ô޴ջǴȥǿĽˣСǧ籾Դκ˶
ˣַɨĲҲû뿪ħ˵ھħڣȽϰȫ
ַ˾׼ھħڣȹμԪ٣
һޱȷľһȹ˵μԪ٣ַ͵ԵߴμԪˣСǧ籾ԴǵߴμԪ٣ƺҲΪ塣


1739 ٽ
ǧɫЩ
һˣھħ֮ڣûнĿռ䣬רעѰЩСǧ磬ӶСǧ籾Դ
ⲻǺЩСǧĿģѰСǧ籾ԴģͳͳҪڵڶλ
ƾʱ֮ͲЩħ֮ˣھħ֮ڣ˽ħռ⣬ûκΣաһʱ䣬Сǧ籾Դɨһˣ⡭⻹û뵽
ʲôԾҸоʵ̫˳ˡ
˳ƺȷˣʱ֮ʲô赲
ҪھħڶȹμԪ٣Ǵ󵨰Ȼûз־ħأ룬ǧᵮλǧĪˡ
ǧЩʧȵַΪǧúȥˣοΪǧַҵԴ֮磿ǳ˵ΣõľǹԴ֮
ֻϧַھħڣƺûǧ⡣
ǣǧҲͶ۾ٹעħеַˡ

ħڣַȻоֿӵĿ⣬ƺһӾʧˣӰ١
ûм̽ʧˣ
ַ̧ͷյУ֪ڤڤλΰǧעһһھħڣҲǳСĽ
ͻȻ֮䣬ûп̽Ŀ⣬˵λǧȤˣٲٿ̽ˡ
ַҲûг׷ɣױ¶ħ١
ַ˿û˿ܹ̽һ¡˿ı۾ʼСǧʱ䡣
ˣ
ʱⳤַСǧ磬ħܸܵСǧڷŵʱ䣬֡Сĸо
Ϊʱ٣þħܵһ˿硱Ϣ
ַʱѾ죬ˣʱСǧҲƽȡܣҪٵһԪʱ䣬Դ˿ַ˵һԪʱ䣬ǼʮԪҲûκ⡣
ʱƣģַϿʼһ˿˿ϢǵμԪ٣Ѿٽˡ
¡¡
ڣַһ𣬴СǧһɽļԪ٣ӿǷ·ǻһе񡢺ƵϯһС
ƺҪһ赲Ϊҽ
ַѾԹܶԪ٣ٽԹμԪ١СǧļԪ٣ַ嶼ֱԹ
δκһμԪ٣ܱȵһΣСǧμԪ١ǣʱʺǿԪҲǿ
ƺƵļԪٴݻһУַСǧ籾ԴҲѸٵ޸Сǧ磬СǧԴ㹻㣬¼Ԫٴݻٵٶ࣬ҲѸٵ޸
ڼԪŰڼ䣬ַ岻ϵĻָСǧڲϵš
ÿһַͣСǧĺʱճƺ͸ӵȹ̣ڤڤ֮УƺͨңԶʱա
ַĿǰֻʱ֮˵һֵʱ֮ûʱյıʣûʱյС
ʱգ
Ѱʱʱ֮
ʵϣõʱʵǼԪ١ΪÿһμԪ٣ʱճΪСǧĺǿɱ䡣
Ǹʱʱյıʺϵġˣÿһַ嶼ץסǧѷĻᣬȥʱգϣܹʱյıʡ
ֻǣÿһ򣬶оʱ֮ÿһζƺÿһ־ʱձʸӵңԶˡ
Ҫ볩ιȥδնϹȥԼնδԼΨһĿǰַʱ̶֮ȣԶԶ
ַ֪˷򣬿ԳǸǰ
ַڵļԪٻӿȵıţϯһУһСַСǧ籾Դڷš
һݡʮݡٷݡǧݡ
תۼ䣬Сǧ籾ԴѾǧݣԪȴ˿Сǧȴûκ𵴣˵ַСǧܹסμԪ١ٶʱڣ
һǧһٷݡһǧٷݡһǧٷݡ
Сǧ籾ԴԽԽ࣬ԪٵĽ˳ڽļˣַ庣Сǧ籾Դ֮£μԪٸͲʲô
һǧ˰ٷݡǧݡ
ڣַǧһٷСǧ籾ԴСǧ糹ȹ̣֮ǰҪʮٱ֮ࡣ
ַоǰδе
ٽٽֻٰ߽һ֮ңˣ
ʣǧСǧ籾ԴߴμԪ٣Ҳǿˡ
ַ忴СǧдСǧ籾ԴЩɡ
ԥţǲһֱӶȵߴμԪ٣


1740 ٽ
ߴμԪ٣һȹǾ߽ٽǧ綼ǾԵİڡ߽߽£ȫִ
ַҲ֪ҪȹߴμԪ٣ûô򵥡ͨ£ߴμԪҪСǧ籾ԴǵμԪٵʮϣ
ʮ
ַأμԪ٣ķǧһٷСǧ籾ԴҲ˵ȹߴμԪ٣ҲҪһǧСǧ籾Դ
٣ʮ౶أ
ߴμԪ٣׼ٳҲֵá
οַߴμԪ٣ʵҲһɱ䣬һȵĴμԪٸӳ׵ɱ䡣
൱һԾǨ
ĴμԪ٣ַʱʣôߴμԪأºʱճѲϵһ˾޴ɱ䣬ַǧСǧ綼ԶԶ
ˣַ׼ĸӳֲУǧСǧ籾Դա
Ǿ뿪ɡ
ַҲھħˣ;ħô㣬ǧڿ̽
ǣֱַʩչʱճӣ뿪˾ħ

ಣ
ַһѾص˻
ĻԶӴ󣬽Щ
ַڻһʱ͸ӦһϤϢ
Ľ
ַӦĽڵĽѾûֽǷ״̬ˣѾȣɢǿϢ
٣ٽϢĽַٷСǧ籾ԴɹĶȹ˵μԪ٣Ϊٽ
ϲĽóԸΪٽ
ַҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǻİϷܶȹμԪ٣
ĽҲ˷ܣμԪڶȹˣȻûаնȹμԪ٣һԪʱ䣬˭ܿ϶һԪʱ䣬ܻ㹻Сǧ籾Դ
һĽˣܹȹһμԪ٣Ǳǵ֮ˣַ壬μԪٻûжȹʵѾаնȹμԪˡ
ڶȹ˵μԪ٣ʵϣߴμԪҲһЩա
ף
ղĽڳΪٽϲõУûϸַ塣ڣѾعˣϸӦַ壬Ȼļµĸо
⡭ٵϢȹμԪˣ
Ľ۹⣬ȻѿַѾٽˣ
Źȥ೤ʱ䣿ھħڼַ壬ֻٽڹȥʱ䣬ͱٽٶȣֱֲ
ǽҪһԪʱȹԪ
Ψַֻ⣡
ַЦЦ˵Ǳħ֮ԿھħһջˣҶȹ˵μԪ١
ħ֮Կ
Ľ˵ͷʵҲַеˡȻӵоħ֮Կ˾ħ֮ţ棬ʮа˾Ҳ·һͲʲôջ
ַ֮ջʵǿ󣬻ʱ֮ĸջ
Ҫʵһħ֮ԿһٽĽѾˡ
Ȱ˵ַǧҪͼǰȹߴμԪˡߴμԪ٣ǰζһǧ磬ٽܶ࣬ܳΪٽѣҲΪٽ
߽ٽȴ޼ʮٽУһȹߴμԪ٣Ϊ߽ٽĶѡߴμԪ٣лҪѡ
ַ˵ͷзִ磬óȻȥȵߴμԪٵġ
ˣ֪Ľڻ£
ַĽʵ
ʱ򣬼Ԫæ˵£Ľصڻʧʱ䣬һЩĽĽ򣬶һȥˣʲô˼
ŶĽ
ַϵĸлĽ
֮ͰˣȻѾˣϷ͸ˡ
ǣĽѸٵת뿪ĵ
Ԫͱ˵˵Щڴ
Ľ뿪ˣַɫĳʧʱ䣬˴ˣôЩ̫
ʧʱ䣬Ǻʧꡢǧ궼ʲôǰպգʲô˸ð֮Υ
ԪЦ˵£Ҫ֪һЩѾͶ·ˡûл㹻Сǧ籾ԴȹһμԪټܡǻʲô࣬СǧԼСǧ籾Դ϶㹻ࡣˣһЩҪգҲͲΪˡ
ַȷһˡϾ֪Լˣһλֿܱƣ
ַĿǰʵֻҪٰ߽ڶ֣Ƕη塣߽ٽ֣ҲҪ֪


1741 ħȻĲ
˵˵ɣЩǸжˣĽ򣬿ҲһЩ˲ģհɣ
ַһ˿â
Ÿո뿪ʱ䣬˸ҴˣԺʧʮꡢأǲǻعĻѾϷһˣ
ڿַпֲվ̫ǳˣеʱҲ̣ܶƺûгסЩĻϲ֮
Ҳ˵ֶλң٣ûġ
ٽûгΪҲΥǧµĹأ͵ʩչֶΣһǧ
Ԫһ£˵һֱֵ̽ܶ࣬ľֻħ
ħ
ԣħҲ̽̽Ķ֡ħħֱ˻ڣĽ棬Ҳ֪˵Щʲôħȥ
ַ۾΢΢һУԺпʼħϢϡ
ħǧҲǺպͲǰؼĽһ·𻹺ַĽٽٽٽʱᡣ
ҲΪǿöԸħһ·治ȱСǧ籾Դ˳˳ĳΪٽ
ٽħǰˡߴμԪҪСǧ籾Դǰʮϡ
ųɾŵٽԻ۵㹻Сǧ籾Դ
ˣħͽ˻ϡħѾ˲ˡ
£Īôˡħվûж֡
ûж֣ĽħҲ֪ռ˱ˣ᲻֣һڰٽҽĽɲģڰпӡңʱˣѾ˱ֶˣٽûնɱĳЩˣԾ޼ɵ
ȥһħ
ַ¶˾ģԪҲ֪Ȱ
Ԫȥȥͻء
˵ַ꣬ʱ֮һѾȻʧ˻֮С

ħһƬţαľսĸоڵڣ˭ҲҴ»Ӱ쵽ħ
ڵħƫƫȴû㹻Сǧ籾ԴעǶȲߴμԪˡ
ˣʱпܷûбҪȥħùͷ
ŭħնɱǲǵòʧ
ħɫ࣬ڴڣ·ЩαħһλαħԪٻΪҽôЩαҲһСǧ˲
˫һپһĹϵ
ڲħʱ̣ͬҲЩαʱ̡
ǾҵûУСǧ籾Դ˭ֻҪдСǧ籾Դ㲻ϧһдҲҪõ
ħЩɳƣɭֲ¶Ũҵɱ⡣
αֵӲͷƤ£Сǧ籾ԴǾܡСǧǾܣ޷ˣʱϸ飬ȴһ񡣡
һѵ֪ڵֶ룬ǾȻһ񣿷ͳͳǷˣͳͳҪ
ħƺ𶯡
λαʱǾԲܶײ򣬱ŭħĿǨŭǣ˺Ƭ
ħǣûз
ҪԻ֣ĽߣʱǼɵĽҲˣûĶ֡ڿǵЩհǰ˺ˣû뵽վ˶񻯡һСǧ籾ԴҲǵһҪһЩСǧ籾Դˣ
ħҧأƺЩڣЩġվЩɵϾպգ򲻵ѣǲҪ
ħѾ˲ˣˣʲô˼ɣ
ǰЩӣ̲ôĵ϶˺ܶСǧ硣Щ۵Сǧ籾ԴҲ١
ħҲ֪ǷѾЩСǧ籾ԴǴˣҺܴĿǴˡʱûлϢʱ䣬ҲһһЩСǧ籾Դ
ΣħҲȥһԡ
ڵ
ħҲԸ⣬ϾַǱܴԺΪ߽١˽ٽڻ£ڸǱΪϣΪλǧƿߣַǱжǿ
򲻵ѣħǲַ塣
ħѾʱˣѾ벻õİ취Ƕٽ֣ҲһٽĶ֡
ӼַȻնɱٽٽվ֮ϡħһģַҲסɱַˡ
Сǧ籾ԴһҪõ
λαҲǺĽʱҲû̫ѡ
Ȼˣǰ
ħ¶˾ġ
ʱһİص˵Ķԡ
ħȻĲͲȥˡ


1742 ͬھ
ˣ
ħڣһİһӰô˴ڡħİӰɫҲ͵һ
㡭
ħϳӰܲԸԵˣ
ֻǣѾʧʱ֮ǰȥֻĽС
⣿ոջص˵һЩñЩͷͨ¡ղŸħһ̸ۣôڲҳˣ
ϣǳΣǰҼɵ㣬ǼɵǱ治ʶô಻ҲˣҪˣʱ򣬾Բκι˼ɡ
ԣ˵ʲôñһЩСǧ籾Դ
ַҲԪˣô޼ɵвˣǧ粻ˣ
οԵĻַĻַȻ
һЩСǧ籾ԴԲ򣬾ͱֱˣ
ʱħѾûʲô˼ˣɴв
ַ巴ЦãһħղŲ˵ûնٽҲãͳΪնɱĵһλٽɣ
ַ䣬ɱ⡣
Ҫնɱǲ֪ߵغ񣬱ٽΪնɱЩĽ١ٽᲢۡҪնɱԳԿͷ
ħȻŭȻַ֪ʱ֮Ҫնɱַ壬ܣ߽ٽƶ
Ҳǽٽַ幫Ȼ˵Ҫնɱܲŭ
ǣŭħ̵Сǧ硣
ٽСǧѾŵ˼£ǰΪǿСǧ֮һСǧ磬ԻһУѹһС
ٽСǧ磬һײ֮£Ҫײķ顣
Ҳѹħôţȷŵʱ
ַһ˿âҲ뿴Сǧ磬ڶȹ˵μԪ֮󣬾жǿҪ֪һֱַСǧ磬ʵ϶Ҫôһ㡣
ˣֱСǧײ
ַȻҲСǧ磬ҪħӲӲħϲͬʱɱʢˡ
¡
ڣ˵Сǧݺݵײһ𣬶ʱСǧ֮ϵľСǧײನֲ
ħչһħַСǧײʱһɾѷСǧдħһ
ж¶˲˼֮ɫ
㡭ٽ
ħֱţٽôܣҪַ֪ΪٽŶ೤ʱ䣿Ҳֻʱˡ
ʱ䣬ٴζȹμԪ٣Ϊٽ
һ뵽ַ壬ħͷ·𱻿˿һܡַǸ
ַΪһٽڣʵַǧ˶೤ʱ䣿һԪһʱˡ
ַڴ֮ǰѾٽˣʱΪٽ
һĻҲħλαӦ仯һЩУ޲캧ˡ
ٽȻֳٽ
Ѿ漣ˣ漣޷ˡǧҲԶԶûлʱô죬Ͳ¼Ԫ٣
ٺ٣Ԫʲôնɱô˶Сǧ磿ջ֮£õ˶Сǧ籾ԴȹμԪ٣׾٣
ھѾٽˣ߽ٻԶ𣿡
ħο׶༪ˡһ㲻£Ҳв˹Ϣ
ħ㷢˭ãƫƫҪȥǻ
ҡҡͷħҲûʲôøУַٶȣǺ𺳡
̶ʱڣΪٽβ𺳣
˿̣ħڣ˵Сǧ粻ϵײħȥ˴롣˭Ҳκβ˭
ȻַСǧ磬ȷռһЩƣҲԶԶûдﵽѹĵزˣҲ޷ڶʱڻħ
ħȴܱǱŭΪĲٽݣַ壬ҲֻǼɵַʱַ֮屾Ϊ
ڣַ屾Ϊ˿ˣħٱƽģ
㲻ҪûͬھԪ٣ҽٰɡ
ʱħѾû˿Ĺˣ׷ˡ
䣡
һ̣ħڣ֮ƺƵн۵һγһȫµ
ǼԪٵ
ƺƵĽӿ·һУһУûκܹ赲
ǼԪ٣ΪֲĵߴμԪ٣


1743 ǿͷû֮һ
ã
ַ壬ʱɫһ䡣
ߴμԪ٣ħ׷ǰ˵ߴμԪ١ħѾڽ״̬һʱпǰԪٵ١
ҲΪʲôûʲô˸ЩĽԭ򡣾ΪЩʱпԪ١
һմȾ˽ܾͻԼСǧļԪ٣Ǹʱ򣬾ͬھòʧ
ַɫ䣬ʵǺ½ڵļԪ٣ǵߴμԪڣлҪӵĿ¡
ߴμԪ٣ôݣʵַһЩΪȻȻ˵ӡ
ӵһμԪٵμԪ٣˳
Ŀõ˵ߴμԪ٣ħĺڵߴμԪٵĺǰûһ˿һĵֵ֮˲ͻΪ˻ҽ
ħСǧ磬Ҳ˲һʱ䣬ͻΪ˻ҽңӿȵĽӿַϯ
ַħľ벢Զ൱ħ˾٣Ҫַͬھ˼ޱȴ
֮ʣﻹаԥ
ַʱҲˣֱߴμԪӿȵĽڲȫĽֻһСֵĽ
ʱճӣ
ؼʱֱַ̣ʩչʱճӣͷֶ£ЩӿȵĽʱճ֮С
ȷµ֮һܻСǧйˣʲô֮޷ֹ
ҲֻСǧ籾ԴԿһʵҲǿ⣬ǻָ˵Сǧ硣
һֲֲ
ʱ֮һУԽһУй֮ϣأ棬ΰ
ַǡǡʱ֮
ȫĵߴμԪ٣ַ弴ʱ֮ǿ϶Ҳ޷Ӧʱ֮޷ӦַСǧ޷ɡ
֮ǿȻ޷Ƶʱ֮ʱ֮ҪȫΣҲҪ޴ˣַСǧ͵ĳܾ޴ĸɡ
ֻһַֽʩչʱճӣټѾٽСǧҲͻͽǿ˰ٱϡ
ˣЩַҲеô޴ĸɡ
Žɢָֻƽ
ֻħѾˣٽ䣬ں嫵ǧ磬ǶһԵĴ£Ժ䶯ǧ硣
ңô޴ĶҲ֪
ֻǣЩС̽ĽǣһĻһȴĬǲǲ𾪣෴Ǻ𾪣ǻַһȴϰΪˡ
ÿλֵĵطǱضɱ¾Ҳн䡣
һٽ١١Ľ١٣һֱٽһֱѭĹɣַһնɱǿĽ
һΣǵùħַնɱˡ
ħҲ˵ನݻ˾ųɣҲֻʣһɡַҲ⣬ֻһˣֻҪûˡҪľСǧľλãֻҪ֪ǼݻҲʲô¡
ַһգţ˸ǻˣһնɱĿɲͨĽٽ
߽ٽֵ֮£ǼǶĴˣǰ֮µǿߡˣħȴɱַѹţǰ˼Ԫ٣ûܹκεַ塣
ͬھǸһЦ
ַ壬ѳɣַȵߴμԪ֮ǰ˸ȥˡ
ַҲĴǧ磬Ϊǿͷû֮һʱ֮棬һЩٰ߽Ტۡ
ಣ
ַһʱ䣬ɵħ
ħ𣬵ǱȽˣûַ֮󣬾ͼæǰݼ£
Щڴû˿ң޷Ҵ֡ϣֻҪ˽ЩͶ᳼
˭˵˵ħƿŶСǧ磿
ֱַ˵ʳĵ⡣
£ħһһǧ߰ٶСǧ硣ӽ
ӽСǧ磿
ַ΢΢һ㶣̫٣̫ˣൽַ嶼û׼á
Сǧ磬һԪʱ䣬ܹջǧϵСǧ籾Դϸһ룬ǧСǧ籾Դʲôã
ϣһٽҪȹߴμԪ٣ҪһǧСǧ籾ԴˣǧСǧ籾ԴǶǱˮн
ħٽеٮٮˡҲ˵ƿصСǧ磬ѾһٽҪˡ
ˣҪȹߴμԪ٣ǳ˵ΡߴμԪжôѣǾٽǰһǵԽ


1744 ٰ߽ã
ô˵ҲھƿСǧˣ
ַϸһ£ǰһһǧСǧ磬ڼħСǧ磬ȷСǧˡ
ǰ붼룬ȻСǧ硣
Сǧ磬ƽСǧ磬һԪʱṩһСǧ籾ԴôСǧһԪʱ䣬ַܸṩǧСǧ籾Դ
Ѿ൱ˣߴμԪ٣ַʱʣҪȹҲҪСǧ籾Դɱˮн
Ҳ˵ַûдӾħڻôСǧ籾ԴôȹߴμԪ٣ҲڽʱŬչСǧ籾ԴС
ַĿǰʣ˲ǧСǧ籾ԴһԪʱ䣬ʲôǧСǧ籾ԴһǧСǧ籾Դ
ӽСǧ籾ԴΣߴμԪ٣Ӧûʲô̫ˣܹȫȹ
ַ֪ոճΪٽȴӵ˶ȹߴμԪҪСǧ籾Դ֪ôķ
ΣգҲ˻գ뾡취ıַϵСǧ籾Դ
ˣַӲй¶ԼϵСǧ籾ԴƿصСǧҲҪϸܣֻαԼһЩ޼𣬲ܴ֪ĿǰƿصСǧ
ҲֻǴ֪ʵݣַԼ
ַҲûһҲ׼ʱˣҪúһԪʱ䣬Сǧ籾Դ
֣ƺ⿿Сǧ磬ҲѾ޷Сǧ籾ԴˡһΣܿžħڵСǧ籾ԴȹߴμԪ٣Ϊٰ߽
ڰ˴μԪأ
ǸʱҪСǧ࣬һ֡
ÿΣַôãӽлôСǧ籾Դ⿿۵Сǧ磬ͲṩôСǧ籾Դ
ˣ߽ٽһЩ˽ٽ޼ˡ
ַ࣬ܿ죬Ҳַָ£ʼħӴˣǧûħ

ħˣ
ңԶδ֪Ŀռڣǧƺ޴Ķˡһλٽ䣬ضǧҵ𶯣λǧӡ
ףǻ¡
ٽ˵ɱɱǲǸ̫ˣӦԼһ£ϾڵʵʵвѾѷһ߽ٽˡ
ɵֻǶ߽ٽ޶ңҲǻȥħħԼţܵƵ߽ٽҲնɱħ
ô˵ǻСһû취ˣ
λǧǸ߸ϣǧϵĴڡǧ磬Ҳס
ǵĻǹأ˭ҲΥ档
ƫƫһ޿κΡ٣ĿǰƶĹأ޿κΣַͷ·һǹµġ©һֲֻȴ޿κΡ
СһôΪȥˣ֣Ǹô죿
ȷøһԼҲ׸ģٽţҪƣǽǾ͸ûоϽ˼ˡ
ҿԴһЩֽš
Դ᣿˼
һȥԴᣬݵλͲһˣοڵʵʵҲǿ߽ٽˡ
ǿǱСһھħɨ˲ٵСǧ籾Դ٣ȹߴμԪٿû⡣Դջлȹڰ˴μԪˣ
ѵⲻϣ𣿲ֻǻᣬܲܰסÿСһοԴᶼ߽ٽ˽ٽСһռʲôˣ
⵹ҲǣھԴᣬҲʱ䲻ˡϣһΣܳһЩǰһĽɡ
ϣɡ
ǧһ漴ֳ׳

ƣתۼ¾͹ȥˡ
ַ壬պգ߽ٽضԴڵĻǿǹϵǧһͷٰ߽֮µĵһˣ
Щ˾ãַھ߽ܺٽ⡣
Ȼַ岻ȥ߽ٽ߽ͬٽҲȥַ塣˫ЩͲ⡣
һλ߽ٽŬչСǧ籾Դ
ַ壬£Ҳһֱ뾡취ҪøСǧ籾ԴֻϧһֻһЩСǧˡ
ַڷһԪܶȹߴμԪ٣ڰ˴μԪô죿⿿ĻۣԶҲȹڰ˴μԪ١
£ǰݷá

ַͷһڿɲʲô֮һٽԪͨΪַлһпˡ
ַȴܾܾ
Ϊһλ߽ٽٰ߽
ô꣬ǵһλǰݷַٰ߽

ַ˽һʱ˵֮С


1745 ߽ٽ뺯
ܿ죬һĸߴϢַ嶼Ľ뵽˴֮УַһʱͽĿ˶Էϡ
ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
ַȿڵ
ȻҲַ壬ȻַûԳȥӭӣַݡλ߽ٽûʲôˣȻҲûмƽϣοһǴš񡱶
˵ͬһ㣬һȻˡ
ҲϸĴַ壬ҲţһλٽȻܹ˴Ǻպĳ̶ֳ˵λõٰ߽Ҳ硣
ַҲڴһλ߽ٽȻݣʵ߽ٵʵΪǧ֮һ
һλͨĽ
֪ԶʲôҪ·Ը
ַһ󣬻ʵ֪²һλٰ߽ǰݷáλٽ
ַĿǰͷҲ޷߽ٽרǰݷá
ԣ΢΢һЦһǰȷ£֮صظԴ뺯
˵գֱһ֣һâһţգۼ͵ַǰ
ַ֣ɵľͽץסһ뺯עԴĵص㣬Լһ˿˿ΰϢ˿ϢԶСǧЩ߽١˽ٽҲԶԶûΰϢ
ֻǧΰϢα
Դᡭ
ַûͣ˵ԴᣬȻܹǧԷ뺯ԴĲ򵥡
ƺַ֪Դ֪֮٣͵㻹ûгΪ߽ٽʱҲȽ϶ݣˣû˵ԴԴᣬǧ룬ֻ߽ϵĽʸμӡÿһԴĵص㶼ͬλǧָص㣬νԴ˼壬ʮСǧ籾ԴΪǧĽֻҪܹԴаεͷܹõʮСǧ籾Դ
ʲôʮСǧ籾Դ
ַмΪ𾪡Ѿ˲ٵĴ棬ʶҲ٣һԼʮСǧ籾ԴĴֱʣҲ鼫𺳡
ʮСǧ籾ԴǺεȵĿֲ
ַ񣬳ΪٽķѵСǧ籾Դ˵ʮݣݶûУǶôֱʣ
Ҳֻǧ׾ٵóʮСǧ籾Դ
ôȣڻûгΪ߽ٽڼȻ뺯Ǿ룬㵱߽ٽЩأҲ޷һ߽ٽʵһЩƵġ磬߽½֣ǶԷð߽ٽ֮䣬ǧ֣ȥյС
ֵĹأʵڱ߽µĽҲڱǧ硣Ȼƾ߽ٽǿǧѾķѣƬˡҲƿСǧ磬Ȼ֪ҪջһСǧ籾Դжôѣڰ˴μԪ٣ҪСǧ籾Դʮݣڰ˴μԪ٣͸ǿֲˡ
ûԴᣬЩ߽ٽųɾϣϾϣҲԴᣬҵЩ߽ٽôһ˿ϣҲֻһ˿ϣˡ
ַˣĽͣԴĿġλǧһЩйء
һĿģʵǸЩ߽ٽһЩϣȻڰ˴μԪ٣ҪСǧ籾ԴʮСǧ籾ԴҲ
ʮСǧ籾ԴôѹҪСöˣŬһ£ȡһ£㹻ļԪҲϣΪ˽ٽġ
ϣǾͲ˷
ȻÿһԴᣬҲп˭òСǧ籾ԴܲܵõÿǵĻԵ컯
ô˵Ǳˣ
ԣǧǶԻĿ϶
ַҡҡͷЦ˵ǿ϶ơǿ϶ǧͲѱӵһ߽ٽȥˡ
ַ߽£ǵ֮סңʵ߽ٽҲ˶Ѱˡ
߽ٽУַϡƽˣƾʱ֮Ҳ߽ٽееƫʵ
ʵȥСǧ籾Դʤ㲻ж١
˵ǿ϶˵ơ
Ϊ뺯ַͺӴʧȥٽݣ߽µĽˣǧ͵ִСءˡ
ԣַʵԼ֣Ѿˡƽ⡱ǧҲַֻʽ¡ƽ⡱һ£ַ壬˱ġˡ
ֻǣ֪ԭַܲ뺯
ЦЦĿ⣬ַ֪ûоܾʸ


1746 Դᣡ
뺯ˣ
ãַ̧ͷ˵ˣҲûиõİ취ֻȽ뺯һһ
ο˵Ҳǻ
ãǾǣ
ַѾ뺯ҲûڻȥѸٵĸ뿪˻
ȥıӰַĬ
л뺯ͷ·һŴһַЩ֣ȴòӡ
ǧַ廹ûжԿʵ
ô˵ǧȷѾעˡ
ַе뺯š
ǧעɲһ£ַ̫ܣʱ֮ħȵȣǧûеܡ
һעôЩܾпܱ¶ֻǣѾɳ˲ѷɫ߽ٽĵزΪ֮µһˣ벻עⶼѡ
þʵˡ
ַֽȸУգĶȹһԪʱ䣬ڼ䣬һЩСǧ磬Сǧ籾Դ
ֻǣַ巢֣⿿ۣߴμԪٶȹû⣬ڰ˴μԪ٣¾ͳ⡣
ʱȥŬ²һܹҵ㹻Сǧ籾Դ
ڻˣԴᣬǧὫʮСǧ籾ԴԴƶĵص㵱С
Щ߽ٽ۲Ϊַ֮ҲһȻʮСǧ籾ԴҲ޷ַȹڰ˴μԪ٣Ͼڰ˴μԪǰȻȹҲ׼ߴμԪٵʮСǧ籾Դ
Ҳ˵ַҪ׼ʮСǧ籾Դϡ߽ٽҲٵ׼ʮСǧ籾Դϡ
ˣǶַ廹Ƕ߽ٽ˵ǶһԸĲƸκҪҪĶࡣ
ңԴɲ߽ٽа˽ٽַҪʮСǧ籾Դ²ôס
ַҲƣбƣǾʱ֮
һΣҲ֪ǧʲôĿǣȻԴĵص㰲ǧеһ֮Ƶġ䳲
ǧʮʵʮеַѾˣӻٵһ
Щûһ򵥵ġħʹһ˿ɫʣַʱ֮ҲΣˡ
һ͸ǿֲ䳲
ƺϡƽʵϣĵһΣյĽ߽ٽ룬ҲпԶҲ޷
䳲˼壬ͺһ䳲һ۸ӣһЩʱճ涴֪
ַ֮ԾãԴһЩƣ䳲һ롰ʱաǣϵĵط
ʱճ涴ʵʱ֮γɡ
滹һĶ֮ʯ
ţ֮ʯһЩʱ̺֮Уõ֮ʯܹʱ֮䳲ֿȣ֪ٽС
ֻǣȥĽǣߣ޼ųɾǧһѾнȥ䳲ˡ
̺ʱ֮ıǧԴĵصڷ䳲֮УǱⰡ
ַڴĦǧĿġ
ͺ;ħһǧڶСǧϤܣյģֻǧ
ĽʵַҲܸȤ䳲дˣֻǰڷ䳲һųٳûж
ָо䳲ʱ֮кϵУ벻ջ
һΣԴصڷ䳲ǲַԺصһˡ
ˣַ䳲Ҫڶ߽ϵĽжռͷʮСǧ籾ԴҲûһϣ
Ϊ
ˣַ忴뺯ľʱ䣬Դỹаʱ䣬׼һ٣ռһЩԴϢ

ǧ磬ƺѵõƽ
Щ߽ϵİһЩͷƺԼͬġǧ綼ûʲôըԵ¼ˡ
ͷĻƺҲ͵ࡣ
һЩͷЩ죬ƺЩ߽ϵĽǣڰе׼ʲô
һǽе߽ٽڰ׼
ⲻһЩͷ²⣬ǲǷʲô£
ֻЩ߽ϵĽ֪ԴٽΨһϣЩĽ˿Ҳƽûٷˡ
Ƕڰıһ׼ԴһˣռͷʮСǧ籾ԴӶȹڰ˴μԪ١
Ϊˣǻ᲻ϧһдۣƴ


1747 ٷ䳲
ʱ쵽ˣ
ڣַ۾ɫЩĪ
ʱ䣬Ѿȥ˰ꡣ
ʱʲôûࡣҪľռԴԼ䳲ϡ
ֻǣԴϢ٣֪
ַѯĽȵϵĽȴû˵˵Ҳһ֪⣬ô˽⣬˽Ļûַࡣ
˵Դֻ߽ٽȦӵ߽£û˵ο˵Ҳûκã߽¶޷룬֪Σ
ǹڷ䳲ַռϡ
ַϸһڷ䳲ϣַϣ䳲ȻǳĹϣϵǧûгΪǧʱ䳲Ѿˡ
˭Ҳ˵䳲ʲôʱֵģֻ֪ǳĹϣȴлҪϡ
䳲һ֣Ľȥֻǣһȥ޷ˣ˵ǧҲֻǳ󶼻Ī˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ģ䳲ͳΪǧʮ֮ףΣյĽһΣǧԴĵص˷䳲УҲǱ⡣
ַͼõһ֮ʯǷ䳲Ψһı֮ʯ󣬾֮ǰ󲿷ֶ߽ٽУַռ˰ʱ䣬һ
ȻĻܴ֮ʯпһߡ
ֻǣַռϣԴʱԽԽٽˣվǵȥһ˷䳲
ʱʲôȻ֪ˡ
ˣ
ַһжѾ׼׵ǣʱ֮һѾϢĶ뵽ʱ֮ͨУңԶķ䳲ȥ

һλĽپͷԼλٽŷ䳲СǶǴ٣ѾȥһЩˣȻû̫ΣգҲһ
ǣżˡ
λǰ䳲Ƿ䳲Сǧ籾ԴǷ䳲֮ʯǿȡһЩСǧ籾Դ
һ߽ٽԸСǧ绻ȡ֮ʯ
ֻ䳲ʵ̫ΣˣѣûԸȥ䳲һͿԶڷ䳲֮ڡ
ǽͶ֮£λҲǰ䳲Ͷ·֮£Ҳֻȥðһˡ
ˣǰǷ䳲
ڣλѾִ˷䳲
ǰһ·޴ķ䳲һ״ب֮УǾǷ䳲䳲ûκα仯
ֻǣһУ߽ߣܹ߽ϵĽпڷ䳲֮С
ʯôоЩԾ
Ȼһλٽһ飬·ӦʲôСǧǹҲǷʲôЩھܹǰԤ֪һЩΣա
ҲΪǴ˼νܰȻʯĽپͷλٽ
ԾʲôԾ
ʯŷ䳲һƺûʲô仯
䳲ʮ֮ףΣأԤ֪ΣգΪ档Ѿûѡֻðմһ·䳲
ʯһҧջǾǰ䳲
ӶԷϾԷԤ֪Σգʱǵ
һΣʯȴòҧأȥðա
Ѿûпѡֻܽ뵽䳲ȥһĻֻܵȵԪٽ٣ͳͳΪҽ
ಣ
ǣ˵ٶȸˣܿͿ˷䳲ԽǿٽΣոоԽ
λٽڲ·ǰͻһ
ټǰˣļȥܿ̾䡣
ʯüͷûн䳲Σգ
ҵĸ֪Σղڷ䳲ڣԽ⡣
ԽΣգ
ʯƺӦʲô͵̧ͷ
ˣڷ䳲֮⣬ȻˣҲһλλ֮ǰζӦֻۡ
Щˡ
ʯȻľսĸо
ûмЩˣҲʶЩˣȻûɢκϢÿһλƺֲֿѹ
ৣ
һ̧ͷ۾Ŀ⳯ʯ
䣡
һ̣ʯػһ㣬һ亹ֱð
ߡٰ߽
ʯֱӾЩˣ߽٣ȫ߽ٽһһڷ䳲֮⣬ʲô̽䳲

һλ߽ٽһʱʯλڣһ𣬷·ܵĪѹ
߽ٽ½ֻ壬ҲԶԶĽ١ٽֵܵġ
ˣ
ʱгһƺƵĹֱ֮ӿһӰһУסλ
Ͻ뿪ɣﲻܴġ
һƽ뵽ʯλĶУͬʱ˸оԼ·ܿư㣬ֱŲԶ˷䳲
ʯ֪λصĽǣΪڸղţĺоϢ
ʯһƳƺλİĽʱһ
ǻַ壡
ֻǣʯȻѾԶ룬ȴص˵Ķߡ


1748 Թ
ţ
ո۾Ŀʯλٰ߽΢΢һעַ壬ַȴ·޶ãû⡣
ղʯĻѾˡʵʯ˵Ҳ֪߽ٽ۹⣬ﻹַܿղʩչʱ֮
ʱ֮ĿǰСǧУֻлַա
ٽôҲԴ᣿
ɲΪ˽䳲
˵ȥ뺯ǧ뵽һεԴС
һλٽҵһж
߽ٽȻû˵ĿⶼЩơ
һЩƽƺûַ壬Ҳã߽Ҳգ񶼺޹ء
ַԵú̹ȻĿڶϿһȦûпϤˡʵ߽ٽַֻǽǽսӵ˾ǽ䡣
ˣЩ߽ٽҲûжô档
ַֻڹ߽ٽǵôһ߽ٽСӣҲϰλ
ڻûиϵһ»ᳬ١
߽ٽǺεȵĿֲаٷ֮һĽлΪ˽ٽҲλλ˽ٽ
һΪ˰˽ٽǾûʲôùǵˣǰ֣ûκιϵΨһĿģǶȹھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧ
ֻǣЩİ˽ٽͳͳûгɹ˵ھŴμԪ֮¡
ô߽ϽʮСǧ籾ԴЩ˵жôҪַ˵ҲҪ
ֻǣַܺ棬ʮСǧ籾ԴǴǧ㲻ܼԪٵӰ죬ҵСǧͲôףһһռ͸Ӳˡ
ֻǣƺûЩСǧ籾ԴǴӺζ߽ٽ˵Сǧ籾ԴΨһĿģ
Щ̫ˡղϷŪһôŻˣǻãҵ߽ٽҲˣþǽ䣬ҲͲҵȷ
Ȼһصڶߡ
ַȥǸղĿ⡰塱ʯ˵λ߽ٽ
ַ۾΢΢һУ߽ٽ˽١Ҳ˵ȫ˽⣬߽ٽٳǰǳġ͵߽ٽȦӣº֪󲿷߽ٽľ
λַͲ֪κϢֶ֪
λγƺ
ַҲûֱӻӦǵ˵
գ
ԭǳսҲ߽ٽУս⵹Щԩˡ
ԩٺ٣ֶΣþǽκβãǽˣ̸ԩ
ŶսǾǽĺѡôǽͷνսȻھͽ䳲ǽͷնɱΣ
ַ۾΢΢һУȴ˿û˿
߽ٽΣһս͸ҾӸ£Ŀһѵַʾοﻹô߽ٽʾˣ½䳲Ǵ粽С
㡭
ս¶ŭ֮ɫھͶ֣һ뵽䳲Ǹʱ򣬾ɾʹˡ
ڶ֣Ǹᡣ
ߣȱõʮСǧ籾ԴȻֽ̣
ôûлˣҪҪԱʱճӣ
ַԽԽ䣬ϸ¶ɱ⡣
ٽһαμԴᣬɲֻһͣҲҰĲһЩ뷨
ھͱԣڷ䳲ڣǸӴ粽У
ԣַھͶ֣Ҫ߽ٽսһ
ܲսٰ߽
սû˵ˣڳѿ֮Ҳûʲôôȷַ尵ļǺˡڷ䳲ԵĻɾԲ
߽ٽֻǼɵַǱڵַ壬ǿûһη塣ƽȵݶԴˡ
Ƕ߽ٽһԪûл㹻Сǧ籾ԴҲͶȲԪ٣Ȼɵַ壿
㹻Сǧ籾ԴǸǿһԾΪ˽ٽǧԤӣһȹھŴμԪ٣ǾǧˣַǱٴҲᱻ˽ٽǷС
ˣһβμԴĽǣٰ߽û˻ַɵ󲿷ֶƽĶԴֻһλ߽ͨٽˡ
ҲһЩˣΪԭ򣬶ַĻ١սڸѾɱģ׼ڷ䳲Ѱһᣬַնɱˡ
ɱˣҲúúáѵһַ塣
ʱһĹȥڣԴʱѾˡ
¡
Ȼ䳲ݺһ𣬽ţ䳲¶һͬ޴Ŀ׶ͬһŻһɢϢ
䳲ˣԴҲͿʼˣ
ǳǰܣͿһˣ
ȥɣһ֣˵ܶһϣ
䳲߽ٽѾͲסˣʼ׷׵ķɽһĿ׶֮УʧӰ١


1749 ôĳӣ
䳲
ַûмҲûеһʱǰ䳲ֻǴĿһ޴Ŀ׶ȴΪ𾪡
ʱ֮Щ׶֮УַȻܵһ˿˿ʱ֮ܺ΢ȴޱȾֱָʱյıʡ
ַʱ֮ǵӴصʱ߳µʱ֮ԼʱӡǣֻԵ֮򵽵ġ
֮⣬ַûнӴʱ̺֮ʱ֮Ʒˡ
ڣַڵһμ⣬طƷӵʱ֮һĿ׶ӦþǷ䳲˵еʱճ涴
ǽʱճ涴ͻ䳲֮Уִ˭Ҳ˵Ͼ䳲ڣ޴󣬼ֱϰСǧ绹ҪӴ
ԽԽ߽ٽѾ룬ַҲһĳһʱճ涴ȥ
ˣ
ַ뵽ʱճ涴֮󣬶ʱͺʱճһܹԼġȥһĻĻĹȥ
ӳչȥʱձʰ
ַȻʱ֮ʵֻǴԵʱ֮һ㶼ûлоʱ֮򣬷ǳѣÿһ㣬ÿԵ
ַڻûסʱ֮ӳչȥĵزӳչȥδЩʱ֮
ʱ֮ıʣʵǽȥδͳͳնϣΨһ㣡
һʱ䣬ַԺתͷ뵽˷䳲ڵʱճ涴֮󣬾ͬһ麣һ㣬缢ƿʵķաʱճ涴ڹʱ֮һЩʡ
ŵʱ֮뵽ʱճ涴֮С
䣡
˵ˡ
ַʱ֮׾ٵľ뵽ʱճ涴֮УͬʱԺƺһӳʱճ涴ʱճ涴ڵһ
Ϊ䳲ʵһƬÿһʱճ涴Ƕڣ໥ϵַʱ֮һӽг涴յһ
ַ忴Щʱճ涴ڶ͡һĿռ䡣
Щռ֮УеĺܻһˣеȴǿЩھħϵϢ
ȻַҲֻܿ޷浽ʱճ涴תƺһɸǿʱ֮ƿ䳲еʱճ涴
ৣ
һַ̣ҲͽһİĿռ֮С
ռ֮Уַոս٣̾͸ܵһɾҵв
¡
·ضɽҡһͷױȵӴޣȻַһҧĿУ·һ֮סַ壬һʱ䣬ַȻѲˡ
Сǧ磡
ַԥʩչСǧ硣
ʱӴСǧ͵ļž޺ݺһҡ
䣡
ٽַСǧ磬ǿֲ㣬һٽСǧ绹ҪӵӴˣһ֮£Ҳֲܿͬһײһֱӽ޴Ĺײɣݺݵ˵ϡ
ͷȴֻҡͷ­ܿվûһ˺ۡ
ַڿǣǲҪʱճʱȻڵľħ磬ǼϢףǼ統еһֳӣ棡ôҲǧˣ
ħֻʣһʶַһСǧ֮ȻľħʵҲûʲôս
˭뵽ôһС㣬ȻǾħ
ʲôǼĳӣ
ַ忴˿ħֿ˿ױȵӴޣôһֻӣοôӴ׺ĳ
һٽֻӡĶ֡
أ
ֶַСǧ磬ֻӴġ桱ײɣݺݵڵϡַôôȴ޷ɱֻӡ
;ħһƺĳֲԡ
ûʲô㣬ܿɱ
ַüͷġ桱ʵЩΡʵϣѾֻ֣桱ʵһٽַ˵϶ǲԶˡ㲻ʱ֮ҲַĶַ֣弸ԡŰֻ޴ĳӡ
һ㣬޴ĳӼַôƺӶһ˿˺۶ûУҲûм
ֲԣ˸е޿κΡ
߽ٽпӲӾסȻҪĥ߽ٽҲܣ߽ٽǿѹĳӡ
㣿
ħ룬شڼ磬ĳӼֱ洦ɼҵı壬Ҳײĳӡڼ磬汻ǲҲͳˡ
ֲ
ַ죬ȴֹûмѯˡ
ѾµֻԴ֮ɱԴ֮磬ħɱ棬Դ֮磬ͨͨĳӣԱħ
ǧ磬ЩԴ֮洦ɼԲĳӣȴ˿ֲĲޣڷ䳲ڣ൱Ѳ


1750 ֹʱ֮
ʶ䳲𣿡
ֱַħʵ
䳲ڼ磬û˵ң̺ʱ֮ɣڼ磬ʱ֮Ҳָ
ַ˵ͷƲ⣬ħļԴ֮硣ֻƲ⣬ǲǣҲ±˵λǧҲ
ô˵Ҳ޿κˣ
ҵı廹ڣȻײڡ
ħ˼ѾˣֻʣһʶľħζԸ棿ǧ棬ȷѾһֻССĳôˡ
Ȼˡ
ַҲûκԥͳʱճӣ
ӵвԵĹޣַҲûиõİ취ֻʩչʱճӡƺƵʱճӣһֱӽ뵽ʱճ֮С
ʱƺҲӦΣգʱճӵзţֻǣʱճӳԽһй򣬳Խһôѳģ
ֻҪַСǧܹܵסɣô˭Ҳ޷ʱճӵѳ
뵽ʱճӵУӴƺֻǣʱճӵУַСǧ縺ɣûһλٽҲٽ
ѲĵطĲԡֶΣ޷ɱ棬ַ壬˺ܶ飬ѹ棬޷ɱ
ʱճ֮УûĲԡ棬ʱ֮ʴ֮£ģϢҲԽԽ
ַĶ棬Դġ˥ˡУϵһܣܵõ䲻Եİء
治ϵġ˥ˡַҲʱճӣʱ䵹˵Сʱ򣬻˵ոγһ̡
ʱ֮ǰûκܹѡǣʱ֮⣬ȥδѾնΨһĻַʱճӽûκ塣
֮⣬ʲôʲô޷ʱճӡ
ţǡһ˿ʱ֮
ʱճϯ棬ʱղϵĵˣһֱ˵浮һ̡ڵһ˿
ʱյ
ֻһ˿˿ʱ֮ȴޱȵĸڣƺһʱճ׵ľֹˡ
ʣҲһ˿ʱ֮Сʱֹ֮ôҲ൱ڲˣô涼һ˿һˡΪһֱǾֹûκα仯
ַ塰۽硱ûʱ֮ôã
Ŀǰַʱ֮ãԴһַǳǳĵزʩչʱճӣʱ٣ʱ䵹ˡ
ʱ֮еȵȣʱ֮ôϸãַǴ۽硣
汻ַʱճӸ˥ˡ˵һ̣ڣһ˿ֹʱַ֮ʱճײˡ
ûо춯صײʱ֮ײϺһ˿ֹʱ֮ûκεֵ֮ôɢˡַúоһ¶ûлᡣ
˿ֹʱ֮ɢȻҲͳˡ
ַ彥ĳĬ¶һ˿֮ɫԺ˸ͷǹʱ֮ͷ
ϵʱַܴ֮
һ˿ʱ֮Сһ˿ʱֹֻ֮ǣһ뿪ƿطΧ֮ڣʱ֮ܿɢ
˵׾ֹˣܲܳʱͣһ⡣
˵ַʱ֮һ֪⣬ԶԶûдﵽĵز
棬ĻǱģ
ַ忴Ѿ棬뵽˳˼С
ʵʲôκνܹϾǵСǧ統Уɲ١ַʻ
ǵʲô磬治УַѾϰˡǴģǾͲһˡ
˵ıһһλƿʱ֮Զַʱ֮Ӿǿߴڡ
Դ֮磬ֻеԴ֮Ūıܡ
ַš
֮ǰԴ֮磬ҲֻһֵĸѣĸûСħһֱŵġ硱ַ嶼ڻɣǲǴ˵еԴ֮硣
ڣַҲһ˿ܹԴ֮磬ܹʱ֮и̵
ֻǣǧûҵԴ֮磬ַҵҲֻˡ
ַҲδûһ˿ϣ
䳲Բǧ֮ֻ̺ʱ֮пǳԴ˵еԴ֮硣
Ҳ䳲֮УԴ֮һЩ
ַҪ뿪⴦ռ䣬ҵԴ֮ǻʮСǧ籾Դ뿪⴦ռС


1751 һ
ַ۾ʼʱ֮
ʱ֮¡Ӧ䳲һʱճ涴ַԼһʱճ涴֮УҪ뿪Сǧ˵ǳѣҵʱճ涴Ľڵ㣬Ӷƿռ䡣
ַ岻һҲӵʱ֮ǣʱ֮⴦ռݺһ
ˣ
ռоͳһ˿˿ַʱ֮Ӳġһѷ졣ַûκԥֱӾһѷ쵱С
ৣ
ַһ⴦ռ䣬ӰһѾ˷䳲֮СƺһƬͷ·һһʱ֮ϣϵĳˢš
ôӴʱֱ֮δš
ַһû뵽뿪ʱճ涴˷䳲УȻôʱ֮䳲ʱ֮ɣ
Щʱ֮㲻䡣Ҳζţڷ䳲֮УǼԪٶᱬΪʱնǾֹģʱûκ塣
ַҲÿʱÿ̶άʱ侲ֹάֵʱ侲ֹ̫ǿ߽룬СǧҲ޷ɡ
䳲أÿʱỵ̈дǿߣڣԴڷ䳲֮Уλϵ߽ٽ롣
öô޴ĸɣ٣ַ޷ôǿάʱ侲ֹڷ䳲ȴûκӰһ˵ô߽ٽˣǧҲ䳲Ҳάʱ侲ֹ
ַڷ䳲ġߡԽԽ塣
ôģʱ֮붼ûֻǣ䳲ʲôģַ˼⡣
ַʱ֮ӦһһĿռ䡣ÿһʱճ涴ƺĿռ䣬ֻһռ䡣
䳲ռൽ
ַʱ֮Ҳ޷ƿÿһռֻƿ߻߸һЩ嶯ϵĿռ
磬ַͿмռ䡣ûκһλȴһЩɫƺʴ
Ƭռ䶼ɫʴһУ½ҲԵֵɫʴ
һЩռ䣬Щޱǿ󣬶ҸѲ߽ٽ붼·һַ嶼ҽ׳ԡ
һ
ַ鿴һһĿռ䣬һλ߽ٽڿռ֮ڣΣڵϦַûȥȣͶԷֲʶҲûȥȡ
ֻǣĿռԽַ࣬ľԽ³䳲ɲһʲôõط
ÿһռ䶼ޱȹ̣뿪ʱճ嶯ϵĿռ䣬ַĵطҪ뿪䳲붼ȥ롣
٣ַھͲ֪ôóİ취뿪䳲ʱճӣûκ⣬뿪취ַҲ֪
뿪İ취ͨôҵ
ⲻַԺвһ󵨵ͷ
䳲᲻һרѺһ׼񣬻߷˴ֻ߸ɴŭ˷䳲˵
Ļôʱճ涴ֲĿռԼֹʱգͶܽˡ
ʱճ涴ֻܽܳܳȥҲø޴Ĵַۡ岻֪䳲Ľ뿪ģ뿪ӦҲǷ䳲һЩ©ǧ磬ܻһЩġ
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䳲¾׽ѳ
ֲĿռ䣬ǾҪЩѺһܾĥжܵӰ졣ʱվֹ͸ˣҪñѺʱʱ̶̿ܵĥ
Ƿ䳲ݡַҲе
󣬹Ǵռ䣬ֻ档ȴǲÿʱÿ̶ű桰Σա
֮£ǵǶôֲĥ
οַ忴ռ䣬ԶԶռ䣬ӿֲݡˣַԽԽǸо䳲һһһΰĴĿֲ
ֻǣûйѺһЩǿ
ַһʼӿٶȣ׼һһĸӦЩռ䡣Ŀռ޾ʱҲǾַֹȫĸӦ
ĿǰҲֻ֡취̽䳲ܣҪѰǧõʮСǧ籾Դִİ취
ĳ˵ڷ䳲ڣҪռͷʮСǧ籾Դʵǿܹӿռ뿪һÿһЩûʵǿ뿪˿ռ䣬ҲҵʮСǧ籾Դ
ַռƣţǵһ뿪ռĽˣץסᣬѸٵѰʮСǧ籾Դȷơ
ֻǣһַͲôˣûѸҵСǧ籾Դ
һꡢꡢꡭ
תۼʮʱȥˣʮʱ䣬Խ˵ֻǵָһ˲ڷ䳲֮Уʱվֹ
ʱվֹ˵ʱҲֹǽ뵽䳲֮һжžֹ޵ڷ䳲֮ڣҲܻĳϵġ
ʱţѾȥʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬ַ岻ϵѰһĿռ䣬ѰŹСǧ籾Դټֻϧ̫ãʮʱ䶼һ
¡
Ȼַ帽һռ΢΢һ𣬽ţһϲ˳
뿪ĵط
һλ߽ٽķʮʱ䣬ˡ


1752 ˭
䳲޼ɵĿϲЦšķʮʱ䣬߳˷䳲ռ䣬ˡ
Ƿǳõһ٣лȥѰʮСǧ籾Դˡ
ϲ
ȻĶߴһİÿϲеĽһղ̫˷ܣȻûзΧˡ
˭
æԴһ漴΢΢۾

ϡǵãǰλİǧͷĻȻûмٽϢǷǳۣҲǳ߱־ԡһԴᣬΨһһλٽǻ
ЩȣͻٽʵȻôˣЩ˼
ɲ鵽Сǧ籾Դ
æʵ
ַҡҡͷûκ
ַ巴ʵ
Ҳַ֪˵滹Ǽ٣ˣˣڽַӦûСǧ籾Դ棿
Сǧ籾ԴҲûʲô䳲ȴǵһν롣
ţǵһν룿
ַЩֵʵ
䳲Ҳǽðգ˺ܳʱ䣬Žˣһαô
ô˵Է䳲˽ˣ
ַ۾˸һ˿âһЩ뷨Ҳַ˵ôࡣ
Ϊ˽ɡһԴᣬλǧʮСǧ籾ԴһЩ²⣬Ҫһһ֤һ
֤֤
֪ʱ֮䳲еʱճ涴ʱ֮ɡӦöʱճ涴ڵĿռһЩӦɣ
Ŀ⾼Ķַ塣
ַ΢΢һȴɫȻܲ³Է䳲ڵĿռһЩӦ
û˭ɵӣ߽ٽǣû˭ɵӡַ֪ʱ֮ȻЩġ
˵ǧַμԴᣬʵϣַһᣬҪַԴΪ
һٽΪ
ֻܿʱ֮ңʱ֮ڷ䳲ûҲһˮ
ЩϢ߽ٽֻҪԷܵóۡ
ԣҪ˶ɵϣҲ߽ٽٻ˼Ԫʱ䣬ĸޱȵľ
ַһ£ǵ˵ͷҵȷܸӦΧռڵ
ȻˣǻСǧ籾ԴĻʹˡ
Եúܸˡ
ǣ
ַ۾΢΢һС
ǡһռѰҹȥʲôʱҵСǧ籾Դ֪һٶȣҵСǧ籾Դ
Ŷ֪
ַǰһ
ʮʱ䣬ĿĵţȻӦռ䣬ȴСǧ籾Դһ
䳲жôӴַ岻֪һռһռȥӦʱ䣬޷䳲߱顣
䳲жôӴҪĿģһҵСǧ籾Դʵ̫̫ѡ
ҵСǧ籾Դأ
ҵСǧ籾ԴǾ͸ƾֶΰɡΣ
ַ壬ԺҲ˸ͷԭ˵ҵСǧ籾Դ󣬸һ롣ʵǲİҲ᲻ãʮСǧ籾Դһ룬ҲֻСǧ籾ԴõҲ޷ȹڰ˴μԪ١
ˣȻҪȫСǧ籾Դ
ңţַһӦַ֪ʱ֮ڷ䳲ռƣСǧ籾ԴҲûϣ
ԣ˫⡣
ãҴӦˣͰ˵ȹͬѰСǧ籾Դҵˣ͸ƾֶΡ
ַûгɶãܿʹӦˡ
Ʋ⣬ַҲ롰̡ʮСǧ籾ԴϾ˭ҲСǧ籾Դࡣ
ңӵʱַ֮壬ҲǺϣȫСǧ籾Դ
Σַ嵹û̫ĵģڷ䳲ʱ֮Ҳ磬ֻҪһ˲ɱôַͼõΣա
ȥ
ַ彫Ŀ˽
Ȼȥ䳲ģ֪䳲λǧһԴڷ䳲ҲΪ˽еǼǧںСǧ籾Դֻں˭ܿǼҵ˵еԴ֮磡
Ŀ⾼ɢɡ


1753 ַ·֣ĲƸ
һδ֪ĪĿռ䣬ǧеĹעŷ䳲ǧֶΣʵҲȫƿط䳲ڵֻܴŵһЩ
ǵ䳲ַ䳲һЩܣǿ׷ѰĴǧԴ֮еĹϵ
ˣǾڷ䳲ܵĲóֶΣֻǣЩֶҲֻȷǣ΢֪һ䳲ڵˣ޷һȫƿء
䳲ҲǧΨһ޷ȫƿصĽ
Сǧ籾Դûб˷֣Ѿѳʱճ涴ڵĿռˡ
һλǧ˵
ʱʯǷõСǧ籾ԴڵĿռ֮ڣҪСǧ籾Դ͵òǿʯϣһܹһ˿ذɡ
̾һʵУûбϣ
һεԴᣬƣ˵õʮСǧ籾ԴϾʱʯǶ޷β
ǾǲģȻ޷͸ʱʯһأ£˵ʵԽǿԽ߾һܳɵġ
ǣһλһλʱ֮Ľ˷䳲
ˣǸСһôˣ
֪Է˵˭ҡҡͷѳ˿ռ䣬Ѿʮ꣬ȴһ񡣲˽ͽҲܹܿҵʯڵĿռˡ
ˣһСһϻȷһЩ˰һνн䳲Ǹʯռ䡣
ȷһЩһڷ䳲ûջ񣬻˵Сǧ籾ԴҲһܵõ
СһվǲһЩٶȹߴμԪ٣ϣ
ߴμԪ٣ˣǸСһϿ㹻Сǧ籾Դ㹻ȹߴμԪˡ˵ͻգڶȹߴμԪ٣ͻƵ£ֲûе
ףܡ
λǧڹעַ壬ǻַһЩϣ
ֻǣܲܳɣǧҲ޷Ԥ⡣

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ռ֮Уӿ
һͷֲĹ˲˺һλ߽ٽСǧ硣Сǧָܿ죬ͷ죬˲СǧѺۣѸٵ˺Сǧ硣
ƾ߽ٽ޼¡
ţ
ַ͵ͣŽѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ûиϵĿĵأڰ·ϣַȴͣ
ôˣ
üͷɻʵ
鷳ˣ⸽һռ֮ڡ
˭鷳ˣ
̫һλ߽ٽţɫۣĿ࣬ʹһڹײĵı
ǵ۹׽ôˣ
۹׽׶༪ˡ
ַϸĸӦſռڵһС۹׽Сǧ綼˺ѣ˳ű˺ѵ˿ڣĹţֱη
ʵϣͷﱾӵвԣƴƴù߽ٽҲˡ
˺Сǧ磬Ȼ˳˺ѵ˿ڷ񹥻߽ٽҲܲסַ廹ԥţǲҪȥȳ۹׽һʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ͷֱӽ۹׽Сǧ˺飬۹׽ĺҲǼײıҲֱӸˡ
۹׽һҽУϢѸ˥䣬СǧҲֱӱѿ
ܿ죬ռھûκεĶ۹׽ˣ߽ٽôˣڷ䳲Ϣǡñַ巢֣˭֪۹׽ġ
۹׽һ䣬۹׵͵ֵһˡ
ַ˵۹׵ȽңԶʵǣ۹׽ˣСǧҲֻǱѣȻѾֱױСǧɻвٵ۹׽µСǧ籾Դ
ĻԵ
һλ߽ٽÿʱÿ̶ڷչСǧ磬Ϊ˶ȹڰ˴μԪ٣߽ٽǿƴչСǧ籾Դ
Ȼ۹׽ڰ˴μԪƺһξ룬Сǧ籾ԴҲ˼ݡ
ûмݣһСǧ籾ԴҲջ
ַʱԺͷ·𡰿ϡһͻȻ֣ʵ䳲ڣջǧõʮСǧ籾ԴЩ߽ٽǡЩȥ߽ٽǲһʲƸ
ַֻһͷǾǡʬ塱
Ȼʬ塱ɲ˭ַ۹׽⴦ռڣСǧ籾ԴΣ
ɽȥ
۹׽ˣǽȥҲΣأ
ˣ²˭Ҳַֻ壬ʱ֮һЩСһЩпջ
Ƭ̡
˵ַ꣬ƺ׼һʱʱ֮˲ʱճ涴Ŀռ֮ڡ


1754 ջСǧ籾Դ
䳲ʱճ涴֮ڡ
ַܾ׼ҵĳռ䣬Ҳ˲롣ܴʱճ涴֮ڣеעſռڵһС
۹׽ѾˣͷֲĹƺҲĳַ忴׼ʱһʱռ涴˲ͽ뵽⴦ռ֮ڡ
ৣ
ոս룬ַͷ·о˴˷ԴԴϮĿֲѹٲά衣ַһ֪۹׽Ϊ⴦ռôǿˣж㡣
һռԽѹ̫ˣʩչСǧ֮жܡַʩչСǧ磬Ҳɸܵѹ
߽ٽʩչСǧ磬ܵһѹ
øϽ
ַ֪ͷʱ֡۹׽Сǧ綼ܱ˺ѣַȻҵġ
Ͼ߽ٽǿİ
ַ壬ʱ֮Ҳûаܹնɱ߽ٽÿһλٰ߽Ҫնɱ֪жѡ
ƫƫ۹׽ȴˣһͷɱַȻǳСĽͷ޵ǰСǧ籾ԴǻڶʳַٶȣȡСǧ籾Դ˲ܰȻ뿪
ҵˣ
Сǧ籾Դʵ̫ˣڽУͬһûʲôܱСǧ籾Դôԡ
ַ弸һʱ䣬Сǧ֮һɢڿռеСǧ籾Դͳͳ뵽Сǧ統С
ʲôǧСǧ籾Դ
ַ彫Сǧ籾Դ뵽Сǧ֪֮̾һεջǧСǧ籾Դֱ̫ˣַһջ
ǰ۵ǧСǧ籾ԴַھͳСǧ籾ԴǺεȵĿֲСǧ籾ԴֻһСʱ䣬ͻСǧ籾ԴǺεȿֲٶȣ
ʱַϲ
ּܿˣһɼΣյĸоĵӿַ弸һʱСǧ硣
䣡
ַСǧ𵴣յУ֪ʲôʱֳһͷֲĹޡͷޣһɫĶǣ˸һ˿˿Ĺâ
ղžͷޣݺײСǧ֮ϣַСǧ綼һ˿˿ơ
ƣƸСǧ֮ϣַþȫֵȻûֵܵסң⻹ֻһͷ޵ǿһ
ʱճӣߣ
ַַëĸоڸղţ·һϢָ֡оٲ뿪ĻĻ

ַʩչʱճʱͷѾöǣ͵ײַСǧ硣ʱַСǧֽͬһ˲ͱ
СǧٱֻⲻַðһΣʱ֮ĵһΣܵϢ
ˣ
ڵһʱ䣬ʱճӷַʧ⴦ռ֮С
ಣ
ַŴʱճӵе˽ǰ
ôˣ
ַϢ˥䣬ϢЩȶСǧ֮ҲޱȵĻң·ʱҪһһ
ڿǺҪַ壬ַʲô£ûаҵǸطҵСǧ籾Դ
Ϊһռ֮Уɲַô׾ͳƿһռ䣬ͺķʮʱ䣬˵ռˡ
ˣںҪַ壬ַκ¡
ַ£һܣ˿ãΣա
ǣַ忪ʼСǧ籾ԴָСǧˡһΣСǧĴַķϰٷСǧ籾ԴŽָ
ƽʱʧϰٷСǧ籾ԴַһǳۡһΣȴû̫⣬Ͼջʵ̫ˡ
ջСǧ籾ԴԭСǧ籾ԴͳСǧ籾ԴֻСǧ籾ԴַﻹϰٷСǧ籾Դ
һҲַһѡʱ֮ҲĿԸǣ٣ղһ㣬ĻΣա
ħղǾʲô
ַµħʵ
ħղһֱûгַʣħµĻشҲ֪ʲôϴҼϢҷǳŨҷĵĶη壬ڼ統УӦǿǾħһ塣䳲ʵ̫Σˡ
ħеܿ־壬䳲ĺܲ򵥡ңͷžħļϢǼпҲԴ֮
Ҳ̵ַʶԴ֮ħԴ֮磬Ҳֻϡƽʲô
ǽղŵ۹׽Ŀռ䣬Ϊ˵۹׽Сǧ籾Դ
ȻַĶߴ˽


1755 ʱ٣ǰԪ٣
ַ建̧ͷŽĿеһ˿ȣһ˿˿̰
Σ
ѵҶ֣
ַףȻҲףˣ̰ܿĿ⣬ɱַ壬ַȴдá
ַܹ޼ɵչЩȥ߽ٽСǧ籾ԴֱĽʵ÷񡣵ַı£ֶַΡ
Ȼκβַ壬ǾͲҪве뷨
ʵĿǰԣҪҲʵʲôǾַİ£ҵʮСǧ籾ԴڵĿռ䡣
ΨһлᵽıʮСǧ籾Դ
ַջҲֻˣве˼֪һַջ񲻷ƣջСǧ籾Դȴ޿κΣĽҲĽ
ҸղһˣҪָһʱ䡣ң׼ǰȹԪ٣ͽ
ֻдǣʵϣǰȹߴμԪ٣ַĿġ
ԭַûдھǰȹߴμԪ٣Ͼڰ˴μԪҪСǧ籾Դʵ̫̫ˣַҲûаܹһԪ֮ڣռôСǧ籾Դ
ͨܶȹڰ˴μԪ٣ҲҪʮСǧ籾Դַ壬ΪʱʵԭҪȹڰ˴μԪ٣ҲöʮСǧ籾Դ
ʮСǧ籾Դһʲô
ϣ߽ٽǣҪԴʮСǧ籾ԴǧѣСǧ籾Դǳѣ˵ʮʮСǧ籾Դˡ
ԴᣬǧܹʮСǧ籾ԴΪô߽ٽǰƴʵСǧ籾ԴǳԻãʮСǧ籾Դܶȹڰ˴μԪˡ
ַ˵»ʮСǧ籾ԴʵҲ޷ȹڰ˴μԪ١ңԴÿԪҲֻһεĻᡣ
ַŲʱ٣һƴһѣܻʮСǧ籾ԴȻȵһԪԴڶʮСǧ籾ԴǸʱ򣬾ܴʮСǧ籾Դˡ
ַȴһõ·ӣԶԶʮСǧ籾Դõ·ӡǾЩ߽ٽϵСǧ籾Դ
ַȻĿŵȥնɱ߽ٽҲûаܹնɱˣҪȥʬ塱
ÿһԴᣬ߽ٽв١ܹϵСǧ籾ԴҲԲʮСǧ籾Դ١
ңַֻܹûʱ֮޷Ӧռڵôȥչ߽ٽµСǧ籾Դ
ַҪְ취͵ŸղΣգΣաղͷޣĲһɱַ壬ȫǡɱ
ˣַҲ֪ڵʵ΢һ㣬ҪչСǧ籾Դʵ͵øǿһЩȻЩ޿⣬ٲᱻɱ
ֻҪɱַʱ֮裬ܵһʱΣա
ȥַջҪǰȹߴμԪ٣ߴμԪ٣ַ壬ҲֻҪСǧ籾ԴˣַСǧ籾ԴѾǴ´ˡ
ʲôҪǰȹߴμԪ٣
Ŀɿڴ·𲻸š
ǰȹߴμԪ١Ҳᵢһʱ䣬Ը⣬Ǿɡ
ַ岻ǿ
ȻʮСǧ籾ԴѾôˣ˵ǲַΨһѡѡ
ʮСǧ籾Դַ̬ŵĺƽ֮ʧ֮ûôļȡ
Խ˵ʮСǧ籾ԴȴΨһҪõʮСǧ籾Դ򣬵ڰ˴μԪ٣ֻ·һ
ˣٲԸ⣬ҲôӦûѡ񣬱ϾҪַ壬ַҪ
ģκ˴ŵ
˵
Ǿͽˡ
ַ֪ԲԣҲ⡣ڽпַȼԪʱѣַ͸ˡ
˵ַͲġ
ȼԪ٣ǵߴμԪ٣ǾжԶͶԶ˵ˣǿпܱ
һǰСǧڵļԪ٣ǲȡ֮ˣнڶԷȼԪʱ֡
ַѾӦҲͲԥˣǾڷ䳲ڣϥ£ֱʩչʱ֮ʼСǧʱ䡣
ڼСǧ磬ﵽԪٵĳ̶ȣַѾ죬ǳϤҲڽǰ¶
˭ɵӣַӵʱ֮ôΪٽʵѾµַܹСǧʱ٣ӶǰԪ١
ֻǣֻǲ²⣬˭ûۼ
ڣۼˣֻǣɫȴܸӣҲ֪Щʲô


1756 δ
ַ岻ϵʱ٣ܵ˽𣬿ʼӿȻȻÿһСǧ磬ӽһԪʱ䣬ô׼ȷʱ䣬ǰһ㣬ҲӺһ㡣
֮ȻȻͻ
ŽӣСǧھͻָᷢѣƺСǧ綼Ĳƽ
Сǧ統Уͻһ֡ĩաĸо
ʵϣԪٵȷĩգһСǧĩգһȲСǧͻҷ𣬻Ϊҽ
ˣ˵ĩգһ㶼Ϊ
ַѾٽˣһӭǵߴμԪ١
ߴμԪ٣һʵɱ䡣ַߴμԪٻǺεȵĿֲʮ֮ǰμԪʱСǧ籾ԴߴμԪжô͡
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һַ̣岻ԥʱ٣͵ġ˼Ԫ١
ֲļԪٳױˣƺƵӿǰμԪȣһεļԪ٣ֱ͵˼¡һһϮ쳣֮ͣһжΪҽ
Сǧ綼𵴡˵ʲô˵ֻһ˲СǧͿҪŲסˡ
ⲻַһǰμԪ٣ǵһλǵڶΡμԪ٣ʵСǧٻ֧һʱ䡣
ûСǧ籾ԴСǧҲܹ֧һʱ䣬ֻʱ䳤̰ˡڣԵߴμԪ٣ûСǧ籾ԴַСǧһ֧Ųͻ᳹ױΪҽ
ǵߴμԪ٣
ѹߴμԪ٣η֮绢ߴμԪ٣ȷǳֲû㹻Сǧ籾Դ۵ĻóȻߴμԪ٣ֻ·һ
ʵַ岢֪˿ϵĽȹĵߴμԪ٣֪Ҫǿ˶ٱ
һֱԱߡĽ˿̸ĳȣŴ죬ֹļΪ𾪡ӦַϵĽϢҲ߽ٽڵߴμԪȻǳϤ
ȹߴμԪʱԪٵĽҲԶԶûд˿ַϵļԪٽôֲմ˿ַϵļԪٵĳ̶ȣµĽҲȲȥ
Сǧ磬жôֲ
ţ𾪡ԪȫСǧеһСǧԽǿôļԪҲԽ͡
͵̶ֳַȵģǳĺ
ãַܿܶȲߴμԪ٣߽ٽҲ޷ֻ֣ܽĵȴš
˿̣˵ַ֮ǰԤϣӿȵļԪ֮ʱַҲֲ
ַдСǧ籾ԴڲԪԶлҪͺַͲƱǮƴͶСǧ籾Դ
˴Сǧ籾ԴַСǧ类𻵵ĺܿ죬޸Ҳܿ졣ңԪ֮СǧͿʼѸٵĻָ
Ȼ̵ָУСǧڼţʮٱ
СǧǵߴμԪ٣ʵɱ䣬Сǧų̶ȸӵĿš
һʱ䣬Ѿ
СǧţԪƺҲӣַСǧ籾ԴǷţƺһ޵׶һϵŴСǧ籾Դ
ַ壬ǳۡ
һٷݡһǧݡһݡ
תۼ䣬ַСǧ籾ԴݣԪȴ˿ûֹͣļ󣬶ҡ
żԪңڣԪٵĽϯСǧĺʱճӣ
ʱճӣ߸ϣԽһССǧĺԪڴݻСǧ磬ôܴݻʱճӡ
ʱճڲϵ˸ţַиӵĽţǷͶ˴Сǧ籾Դ˴Сǧ籾Դʱճֻ΢˸漴ȶȻƾĳˢ
ʱճӣַȻǱܵġڻ˴Сǧ籾Դʱóʱճκεˣĸĺ
ˣ
ŴСǧ޸ʱԪʱƣڿʼɢСǧҲڼţʱճҲܵӰ죬ƺҲڡɱ䡱
ʱճţɱ䡣һϴӣӿȣϢڴ֮УϢĲˮǡʱ֮
ʱ֮ϵıӿǱȥԼԼδ
ַԼԼĸܵƺһ·һǽһ赲ʱ֮ƾʱ֮ĳˢȴ޷谭ַֻܸܵǶصǽƺһеϢ·ӰֻҪһģܹǵӰǵַ塰ԼӰ
ֻǣƺܽʵȴǵǶεġǽַ޷ԼӰ
ΪδַδӰ


1757 ɱ䣬߽ٽ
ȥڡδ
ʱıʣʵʱ䱾˵򵥣Ҳܸӡ
ʱռ䣬һʱաʱǣ浽棬ֻܡȥδǽֻʱ䡣
ܹ⴩ȥδǾʱգ
Ϊκ˴󵽹ȥδʵڸıʱᣬӰ쵽Ŀռ䣬Ӱ쵽˵ˡ
һַ̣ûô֪ʱյıʣ˵ʱյıʣҪߵ·
һַ̣ȷ˷
Ҫߵܹ浽ȥδһĻңԶңԶҲѣһҲ޷ﵽֵزɲڣ֪ǲеյ㣬ǲһ׷ľͷ
ǲʱľͷ
ǰַãǧеľͷˣдеĴǧԴȵȣеľͷյ㡣
ַѾףȥڡδܳͨ裬ڵʱдǲоͷ
һַ̣еķǰδеʱճҲѸٵ׳ȻûʲôʵԵܹδһ޴Ľ
ȵ˰˽١ŽǧַܳԴδıݣϣδʱա
ȻַֻĲ²⣬ֻŬһǰ
һꡢꡢꡢꡢʮꡭ
ַ˶ʱ֮У˶оͷСûߴμԪˡ
Сǧ籾Դ֮£ߴμԪٸͲõġ

ڣʮַСǧеһ˿ַСǧ΢΢һ𣬶ʱ˰ٱϵСǧ磬·һ̺ԶĿֲ
ৣ
ַ۾Ŀޱȵ峺һ˿ʣȴǿհ䣬Щ޾СǽҲоĿᱻַƲĿ⡣
кȻôַһȹߴμԪ٣ȴоһˣϢϵĲһƺ˶һˡ
·ַѾڡڡˣֵĸо
ȹ˵ߴμԪ٣
ɲʵ
ͽʮ껤ҽҶȹ˵ߴμԪ١
ַƽ˵
ϲӴ˳Ϊ߽ٽİˣ
ЩԲԡҲַϲַԽǿʵԽ˵Խһѹ
ҵʮСǧ籾ԴƾµĻǰãиߴ߳ɵϣʮСǧ籾Դ
أ
ַȻոնȹߴμԪ٣˴ڶ⣬ƺɱ䣬ͬնʱҪСǧ籾Դ½Ļ᲻ĳɣ͡
ˣθ˵Ҳֻǿ¶Цݰˣӣʵĺܿɬ
ٰ߽
ַҡҡͷš
Ĳô߽ٽˣʵϣٽʱ˵ǰҲ˷ʵǰ
ڣ߽٣ʱ֮ϵջ񡣶ϣַջҲܴоʱ֮֮ǰٽԼַСǧ磬ѹ
߽٣һˮ룬ͬٵĽһ֮俴ֻһʵȴ֮
ַΪ߽ٽʵҲٰ߽ˣ֮ǰֿռڵĹ濹һԲһֵס㱻ɱ
ַڷ䳲УʮСǧ籾Դǽռ֮Сʬ塱̺ôкܴĺô
ڿɷˣѾʮʱ䣬кܶѾҲѾҪҵʮСǧ籾Դˡ
ЩżҲòżϾѾʮʱ䣬ȻǸطأ˭֪ʮʱᷢʲô
ֻ˵˭֪ûСǧ籾ԴһжֻǽƲˣǴռҲСǧ籾ԴǾͻüȥѰңʱȣ鲻
ַȻ֪ڵʲôʮСǧ籾ԴַȻѾôˣ˭Сǧ籾Դࣿ
һεߴμԪ٣ַԤϣķǧСǧ籾ԴԤƵСǧ籾ԴҪǧݡ
ҿ׼ܳ㣬ĻǰǧСǧ籾Դ治
Ҳַ˸ѣûȫİգǧǰȵڰ˴μԪ٣Ļ۵˴Сǧ籾ԴӦͻ
ַҲֻʣǧСǧ籾ԴҪٵĵڰ˴μԪ٣һҪһְСǧ籾Դɲַ岻ġ
ʮСǧ籾ԴַҲڱصã
ɣ
һϲǣȲĿʼŷ䳲ȥ


1758 ᣡ
ˣڳˣĵط
սһֽٺϲú˷ܡһʼ䳲ͱʱճ涴͵һĿռ֮С
ǴĿռ֮УȻûرֲĹޣǴռ䴦ѹֵϢ߽ٽкܴӰ졣
ʱһ߽ٽܲˡ
ô꣬սŽֻǣôȥˣҲ֪ԴʮСǧ籾Դôˡ
øϽȥѰСǧ籾ԴҲҲ֪ڵľơ
սҲûرõİ취ֻһһѰңײˡ
ʵϣ󲿷߽ٽ䳲ڣײϾôĿռ䣬ôȥѰңҪҵʮСǧ籾Դǧѡ
Ҳֻкһ߽ٽҪôܺãҪô䳲Է䳲һϤˣпܿҵʮСǧ籾Դ
Ļڷ䳲͵ʧɣ뿪䳲ס
ಣ
սһʱ䣬ҲѰһʱ䣬ûʲô֡ӦһϢһ߽ٽϢ
򻨽
սԼϢСע⡣һλûڸղţȻӦ򻨽Ϣ
򻨽ҲǺպ߽ٽŮԽעҲԶ߽ٽҪߡ
ֻǣղ򻨽һţӰʧˣϢûˣǳ졣
ѵǽ˸ĳռ䣿
սɫأ֪䳲ڣЩռжôΣա򲻵ѣǲЩռ䵱С
ֻǣЩռ䣬սҲ޷ӦֻԼԼĲ򻨽ʧĵطȷһռ䡣ǣռڵʲôսȴ޴ӵ֪
ѵǷСǧ籾Դ
սܿ˲²⡣
ǷСǧ籾Դ򻨽ôɴֱӾͽ뵽һİĿռ䵱УǴˣпܻḶصĴۣ䡣
䳲ڣ߽ٽɲ
սЩԥֻǿ²⣬ҲҾôóȻ롣ȥЩģһСǧ籾ԴأǴǧѷĻᡣ
ǣսһҧʼϸĸӦ⴦ռڵСǧ籾ԴϢţСǧ籾ԴϢԻһ˿˿
һѰֻǴһ϶ʲôϸӦֻǸӦһ㣬Ǿ㹻ˡ
ս׳ģӦ˴Űʱ
ȻսüëһƺӦʲô
⡭Сǧ籾ԴϢҲֹСǧ籾ԴϢСǧϢ򻨽ɲͬСǧϢһмλ
뵽սѾͲסˡţ⴦ռڣһСǧ籾ԴûСǧ籾ԴҲһıĻôĽ룿
ǣսԥӰֱһ̾Ϳ⴦صĿռ䡣
䣡
ոս룬սΣգӦΣգǵһʱʩչСǧ绤סȫ
ɿֲСǧ֮ƺƵϯУмӰĴսţо򻨽
Сǧ籾ԴСǧ籾ԴϢ
սͷһޱȵļ
ৣ
ʱոڴսļλĿҲһӼ˳սϣ絶ޱȵ
սһСǧ籾ԴƾֶΣ
˵գսҲСǧ磬ֱӳСǧ籾ԴϢȥĿԲҪСǧ籾Դ

սҲ̵
ɱСǧ籾ԴֻǱģ
⴦ռ䣬ϳսλ߽ٽʱ˿̣ƴĴս

ַڳŷ䳲ȥ
һΣַôã·ϣûзһλĽˣַȻҲûʲôջ
û
ַüͷս˵Ǹطƺûе
ˣͿˡ
ҲЩż޲ܵһʱ͸ϵֻϧַ壬ڷ䳲޷ռģֻܷС
ǰ棡
ڣ¶һ˿΢ЦͿҪˡ
ţԾİµһ˿Ϣ
ַͣӦİϢҲֹһλ
򻨽սȵȣö߽ٽ
ҲܳԾ˵䳲ܴһطһλǧѣ˵мλͬһط

ǰһռ䣬ǽҪѰҵǴռɣ
ԣ
ϸӦһ
ַ忪ʼʱ֮ĸӦһռ䡣
ˣ
ʱʱ֮ռڵһַԺС
ö
ңЩڷĴսţϧһдۣƴ
ַһôϧһдƴΪʲô
Сǧ籾ԴϢ
ַӦˣһŨСǧ籾ԴϢ⴦ռ֮ڣҲ˵⴦ռ֮УͷǧµʮСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾Դ⴦ռ֮ڣԼǵĺΪֹҪСǧ籾Դƾֶΰɡ
ַ˵꣬Ҳ˽㵵Ŀ⣬ֱһ뵽⴦ռ֮С


1759 սŴ
¡
ضɽҡַѾһռ䣬ոս룬͸о˷·𵽴Сǧ֮ϯ
ֲನѾռ䶼硱һ飬ûĸطǰȫġ
յУַͼλĿǰڻս֮С
λûа˽ٽͳͳ߽ٽÿһλ߽ٽƴ
ಣ
Ҳ˿ռ֮УһĻ¶һ˿֮ɫȻѾ˰벽
û뵽ȻȷʮСǧ籾Դ
ţСǧ籾ԴϢСǧ籾Դ
ַĿڿռ֮еѰңܵСǧ籾ԴϢСǧ籾Դȴûп
ʯɢСǧ籾ԴϢѵСǧ籾Դʯ֮У
ſռУһ޴ʯ
ʯب֮У޻ܳʯѾˡ
ңַ廹ܴʯУܵһ˿˿ʱ֮ʯ֮УȻ̺һ˿˿ʱ֮ͷǳͬѰˡ
ʱ֮ԽһԽһйȻȻҪʱ֮ġؾߡҲôҵ
ʯȻܹʱ֮ȻܲͬѰ
ַϸĸӦʯ֮УȷŨСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾ԴӦþʯ֮С
ַ嵭˵
ĿѾʯЩ߽ٽЩ߽ٽȻڴսһȴʯ뿿ʯЩͲܡ
ಣ
ַĻ䣬ͶˡַʵΪˣֻȶ֣Ϊǿֳˣûлˡ
ˣһʱ䶯֣Զʯȥ
һҪСǧ籾ԴĽǽֱҹ
㻹ԽǣõСǧ籾Դô޴𣿡
ѣһ־֮ƣֱʯֻϧȻЩڴսһ漰ʯн˲֡
¡
λڴսĽȻͬʱֹͣȻûоλһ֣ҲλͬʱСǧ硣
Сǧ磬ݺݵҵ˽Сǧ磬ҲǿҲ̲סһ
͵סСǧ磬λȫһ
أ
ˣֱҷɣСǧһ˿˿ƣȻѾ˲ˡ

۾Ѫ죬ȻˣСǧ籾Դ˲ָܻЩڻ˽֮Ҳûټ
ϾǵĿΪСǧ籾ԴΪնɱĳλһǱ
ַѾˣλڴսʵСǧ籾Դϣʵղ
ֻҪ˿Ǿ
λ߽ٽ֣һλ߽ٽܿ⣿ַ壬ûаա
ˣôҴҵҪʯôɹ
λ߽ٽȷǿҲҪֱԡ
ַѾ׿ڵľơ
ৣ
һַ̣һӰ΢΢һΣѾʧˡ
ڳĶ߽ٽʶ㣬ʵڿַڶһֱڷַ壬ȻǵУַв
Ϊַӵʱ֮
ʱ֮ʱ֮ҪգֱӶʯ
ûʯȻȴ˻θģ
Ͻסʯ
λǸ˼ܶ뻤ʯ©
ַ֪ܹʱմ֪һַ̣ͻʯȴûиõİ취ֻ֮ܽʯΧ
һַ֣Ǿͻ˲ǿַд
λ֣ܵУ
ಣ
ȻַӰˣֻǣһֱʱճ֮С۾λĹжôңСǧжôĿֲ
ַʱճӣȴû˿Ӱ졣
ʱճӺųȻĵλôبʯ֮ϣеĹ䵽ʱճ֮Уͬţ뺣һʧӰ١
⡭ʲôֶΣ
ʱ֮ʱ֮
ţʱ֮жô档Ϊ⣬ڿ氡
ǾλĹӣʱ֮һйһ
λĿҲ𾪣𾪹𾪣ȴûһ˿ɡλָӵĿʯˣǹַ壬ȴַԸõʯ
䣡
ַʱճ͵һסʯ
ãʯˣ
Ͻ֣ʱ֮ȷҲûмޡܵһ̫ǿСǧ޷ɡ
ǻΨһ㣡
λ߽ٽʵѾԼԼ֪˻һЩ㡱˭ҲӻϾڻǷͷ
ֻǣַһ㡰㡱Ѿǰˡ
߽ٽСǧԳܾ޴ĸɣλĹַ޷еˣ
ûãʱճӣƲ𣡡
ַһȣʱ֮Ȼ·𱩶һ㣬ʼųʯݺһ


1760 ʢ֮ʿ
¡¡
ַʱճӣƺƵһϯЯĪҪʯ
ʱճӵϯ֮£κƺһ

нǶżˣһַʹʱճӾʯҲʧȥκϣӻжȡʯѣ
Ͼַߣû˭ܹסҲ׷ϡ
ַϣҲ¶һ˿Цݣȡʯ˵ףʱֱ֮
ʱճ͵ľסʯַȴ΢΢һ䣬ԵЩ㵡
ţ
ַʱճסʯ;ЩԾˡ
ʯȻ֪ΪʲôַʱճһȻ˿Ǵδ£ֱδš
ַʩչʱճӣһôһʯ
ַһݣʯЩ⣬ղҲûоȫţһʯκβˣ
𣡡
ַȫʱʱճӾͬһĴһӿֲʱ֮Ũ£ͬһһʯ֮ϡ
¡¡
ʱ֮ڷţֻǣʯȴεĳطƾַʱճϯûκζ
ʱλĹҲˣ񱩵Сǧ֮ݺݵĺַʱճ֮ϣȻ޷浽ʱճӣȴַСǧ缫ĸɡ
ʱճӣȷǼ޵УСǧȴҪž޴ĸɡһλλ߽ٽַ岻ں
λ߽ٽһ֣ǾͷͬСˣַҲСͲֱʱճӣѡ͵ϮʯӲˡ
ΪַԾŴҲкܴļɵˣŻѡʡķʽֻǣڿʡķʽƺҲãûʲôЧ
ʯ
ʯ̺棬ʱճҲʯ
Ҳ޷ʯǿɣ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
ŴӦʮ
֪֮ǰĽȻҲ뵽˾Ŵ֮Уַʱճӽй
ַʽ롱˾ŴУҲ͸һĿʯŻҪõСǧ籾Դ
Ȼͬ˵һҵСǧ籾ԴǾ͸ƾֶΣʱ򣬿ûʲôԡ
ڽ쾡µ֡ʵ
ַ岻⣬ĿʮһɨѾһľ
ʯеСǧ籾ԴҪˣȻʡķʽУǾͻһ֣
ַһʱ֮͵һ
ৣ
գۼ䣬ַȻʧӰ١
ãСģ
һЩо裬оΣա
һַ̣ӰͳˡԶһλ߽ٽߣλ߽ٽҲڵһʱͱСǧ֮
ֲƺƵĳˢַ塣ַȴûк˵Ĵ㣬һʱѾʱճӣλ߽ٽһ
¡¡
ַܵ˾ҵĳӲĳסˡҲһλ߽ٽΪʱʣµߴμԪ쳣ҡ
ҵļԪ٣ȻַСǧŵ¡ˣַҲһλ߽ٽǵıƴСǧ磬ַҲκˡ
ˣַӲ߽ٽһͬʱַʱճӣѾϯסλ߽ٽ
λ߽ٽɲʯСǧǿַܴĸɣɱַʱճӾ뵽С
λҲӦ˹ֻǣǻûüַ֣Ѿʩչʱ֮ʧӰ١
أ
ˣûκϢˡ
ѵ뿪⴦ռ䣿
ˣʱ֮⴩뿪ʥɽһ˿ռ֮⣬Ϳĥʥɽ
Ҳ˵ʥɽ׶༪ˡ
ʣµľλ֪ôˡǴȴҪһλʱضпֵܳġ̿͡͵Ϯ
һɱǺεȵĿֲ
ʱΣȵַ彫һ𲽻ƣСǧ籾ԴȻ䵽ַСһ̣ǲ֪жôѲѹֻôַС
ʢ֮ʿ
֮ǰ̫СˣڣȻַ֪Ĵ㣬ȴΪ벻õİ취
λȴ̵罫ЩСǧ籾ԴҪʲôһ㡣͵Ƿһ飬պ󶨵
˵ַദʱܳȻַ֪Ŀֲ
ܸʲôﲹ䣿ЦʮСǧ籾Դ㣬ƾʲô
ǵƽˡҲùʲôòΣա
һʮСǧ籾Դһ˷ֵһСǧ籾Դкã
ⲻУǲУǾ͸ƾֶΰɣɱ
Ŵ޷ɹʶԭܼ򵥣û˭ĸԸôСǧ籾Դϵǵ˭׷
ǣŴȻҲս˶С⣬߿ֵܳΣա
ʵһ취λ֪ȴԼͬûеǾڵȣ߸ɴƾʣµļУԼ
һʱƽ֣ҲܻôСǧ籾Դ
ηֺͬγַ壿ַ֣֮Ը߽ٽӮȡСǧ籾ԴĻᣡ


1761 ն߽ٽ
ಣ
䳲֮УַʱճһζЩġȻղųһλ߽ٽȫһʵҲôÿġ
Ȼַ廹ǿסˣҲûʲôˡʱճӣѹסһλ߽ٽ
ʥɽ
ַ忴ʱճڣʥɽ¶һ˿⡣ҪͬʱԸʮ߽ٽ˵ʵ̫߱սˡ
ַǿҲͬʱӦʮλ߽ٽ
ֻӦһλǾͲʲôˣַ嶼նɱһλ߽ٽڵʥɽ֮ܶܡ
ַʵ⴦ռ֮⣬ܹӦռڵһСʣµľλڻȻֺǼҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȻЩͲһġΪСǧ籾ԴֻҪΣڵϦЩǶ
˭ĸԸСǧ籾Դ
û˻ĻΣòʮСǧ籾Դȵڰ˴μԪ٣󲿷ֵ߽ٽᱻԪٻΪҽ
ˣ߽ٽ˽ٽܶҵһȺˡðʵϣȴųϦµӡ
ÿһ춼ƴչСǧ籾ԴͲһͣЪ
ô޴ѹ֮£߽ٽ󷢿ҲͲˡ
ַ۲һռеľλ߽ٽһЩ˵˼
赶ɱˣҵ֣
ַ岻ҲĿˣЩȡַȥ֡϶зգһַ彫˶أ
ֻǣСǧ籾ԴôûΣգ
ַҲЩһЩʲô˼ڿʥɽѾʱճ֮С
ʥɽǿһλ߽ٽ
ַ岻߽ٽ鷳ȻҲᡰ˷ѡϾһλ߽ٽСǧ統УһдСǧ籾Դ
ַֻǽʥɽʱճ֮УûʹʱյˡΪһʱյˣȷնɱʥɽʥɽСǧСǧ籾ԴҲΪʱյ˶ʧ
ַɲնɱʥɽҪǣõʥɽСǧСǧ籾Դ
ǣַҲֱӽ뵽ʱճ֮С
ʱվֹ
ʱճӵУǾַġƽӵ쾡¡ȻԲʱյˣʱվֹȴû⡣
ҲСǧ籾ԴκӰ졣
¡
һַ̣ѾСǧ磬ݺݵײʥɽСǧ統Сַ˿̵Сǧġʱվֹʥɽˣʥɽûʲô֮ͱַСǧֱ˺ѡ
񱩵СǧײǼһֻʱվֹ£ʥɽ˼άֹˣͬһӣһľżһһƾַ彫Сǧ˺ѡ

ַһѴʥɽСǧ統ץ˴Сǧ籾Դ
ϸһȻвСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾Դ߽µĽ˵Ѿ˲ˡ߽ٽ˵ǱˮнԶԶȹڰ˴μԪ١
ֻƴõһԴʮСǧ籾Դпܶȹڰ˴μԪ١Ҳѹʥɽôƴ
ֻϧʥɽȴ䵽ַϣһ
ʥɽǸˡڷ䳲ܷ뿪
ַҡҡͷһλ߽ٽĥѺͼòлǧװѼԪٵв
һжҷˡ
ַ岻ܷʥɽ뿪ĻûСǧ籾Դʥɽһӵķ񣬵ʱ򣬻ǵøַ鷳
ˣһݣַõ˽Сǧ籾Դ̾ʱյˣʥɽ׵˻صʱյľͷ
һλ߽ٽϢˡ
ǧСǧ籾Դˣ
ַ鿴Сǧ磬ѾǧСǧ籾Դˣնɱ߽ٽȡ߽ٽСǧ籾Դջʵ̫ˡ
ַͷЩ⶯ǧ߽ٽһ򾡣˵˴ΣŴμԪ٣пܶȹ
ջʵ̫ˡ
ַҲֻˣһΥԭ򡣺ûͻģɱˣԭ򲻷
ַҲ޵Уǧ磬ǧƿһУǲף
ַ޼ɵնɱ߽ٽֻΪչСǧ籾ԴǧԲӲ
ڷ䳲ȴûǡ
䳲ǧĬ˵ġ߽ٽҲ
ˣᣬַðסĻᣬֻһΣ߽ٽУƾʱֱ֮޵еĴڣˣնɱ߽ٽжôѡ
ǰǣܱΧ
ˣһ
ַ۾΢΢һӦſռڵʱ֮һȻϢ¶˿ռ֮С


1762 սķ
Сǧ籾ԴǱģ
սҲõСǧ籾ԴֱΣ
㲻ݣ
ռڣΧһʯպ߽ٽѾһУˡǣ£ˣȴûֹͣļ
ֻҪһ˿ᣬᵽǿʯǾͻ᲻ϧһдۡ
ոճսѾʯСǧ֮һײֱӸײˣսмΪŭȴҲ޿κΡ
ǾŴսҲռʲôˡ
ৣ
ͻȻһӰͻأĳ˳սԡսһСǧ֮Ƿתš
һ̣оΣ
ַ壡
սëȻ֮ǰַһЩڳͻֻǽ䳲˫ûˡ
ڣַ˳սԣĿȻԲˡ
ս㲻Ҫɱ˱ڻˡ
ַһȻǳսڷ䳲⣬ʵɱˣֻǣǸʱַֻٽ
ڣַȴѾ߽ٽ
ַ壬ôͽʥɽôܣ
սкȻѾɱַˣַǰˡ
ǲɱʥɽһ²֪ˣ
ַһ֣һ˲䣬һ͵ĺ˸Źâͷֶ¡
ʱճӣ
ַͺһʱճһֱӳųսһͽս뵽ʱճӵС
սҽһڷֻûκãַӰٴʧһ£ʣ°λ߽ٽһĶ
֮ǰһֻһЩ²⣬ڿѾ߽ٽˣ
ڷ䳲⣬ֻٽھͳ߽ٽôģ
˼飬ǲ˼顣ͬ޵СϷ򻹲ûôǿڿҲΪ߽ٽȻôͽʥɽϷҲòϣ߽޵ˣ
һʱ䣬ʣµİλ
أַйһʱĺˣַ徿жôǿ
߽޵Уڽʵвˡ
ȲѣΣҲѡַԣѡΪСǧ籾Դòƴһѡ
ƴҲϧ
ʣµİλЩģǽ赶ɱ˵ļƻַ֣˾֡
ַĻĿ֮£ȻʮСǧ籾ԴǺܻɣпܣǻᱻһ򾡣ЦĿܻǻ
һʱ䣬нΣС
ʱǱƴˣܵȵǶ꣬Ǹʱ򣬾ֻʣһλΣǵԸǿ󣬸ѲĻ
ɱ
ǣʣµİλʼʩչƴҪռʯСǧ籾Դ

սּˣ
ʱճڣַĿųսУսѾһˣͷʲôˡ
û뵽ȻôͳΪ߽ٽдܡ
սҧгݵ˵䵽ַУǾֻ·һͲеڶ·
Σڱĺúõģ෴ǱĵǣһһѾˣˡ
ַȻ˵
ȷдܣǽͿ̽ܣΣǽѾˣˡ
ʼһ١һֱ١Ľ١١ٽַܵĽѾˡ
ҳϣС㡣òʮСǧ籾ԴҲȲڰ˴μԪ٣ҶһҲһùʮСǧ籾ԴƫԸ
ţ
һַ̣üëһս񴫳ѶϢʱճ֮УȻܴѶϢַһ
ȷЩСЩˣ߽ٽһ׶Ըģѹ׵ֶΡ
ֻǣַҲ֪սǸ˭ѶϢ
˭Ϣ
ַʵ
սЦôˣѶϢһ㹦һ񣬹
ʱվֹ
ַҲˣ˭ڵַ壬кξ壿
ǣʩչʱվֱֹСǧ˺˳սսڵСǧ籾Դߡ
ò˵սѹôⶼ쵽ڰ˴μԪˣսȻֻռ˿Сǧ籾ԴȷЩ
֮£սֻܽ䳲ƴһѣĻ綼·һ
սնɱõСǧ籾ԴַڵСǧ籾Դʹﵽ˿ֲİǧݣ
ҲǺܴջˣϾûлǧõʮСǧ籾Դ֮£ôСǧ籾ԴַѾˡ
ֻǣ뵽սȻѶϢҲ֪˭ַһ˿衣
üӿٶˡ
ַ岻֦Сǧ籾ԴλãԽ˷֣ҪȡѶȾԽַ岻뵽ȴ˸ժӡ
ǣַٴӰһ˿ռ֮С


1763 ʮСǧ籾Դ
ռ֮Уһλһͷںɫ۵ĿӣƺӦʲô͵תĳ
ҵСǧ籾Դλã
ӣĿͬĺڶһ˲ֱӣֱӣ¾ͻ޾ԨУԶ޷ѡ
ǧ磬պĺԨһλվ˽۷壬ǰ˽ٽ
Ȼ˽֮ϣһϵľ磬ǾǾŽٽʵϣȹ˵ھŴμԪ٣Ǿ͵óǧɹͳʡˣھŽٽʱ䣬ֻһɲǡһ˲ˣϵľ硣
ˣ˽ٽʵϾСǧ߾ˣ޵еĴڣվߵ۷塣
Ԩվе۷壬ȴûһ˿˵ĸоĵھŴμԪ٣Ѿ쵽ˣȻһʱ䣬δѷǳбҪ
ϾԨȻСǧ籾ԴҲкܶ࣬ȹھŴμԪٵİգһɶûСˣСǧ籾Դ࣬һεԴᣬֱʮСǧ籾Դ
䳲֮УȻûбڿռںܳʱ䣬ȴܲѰôʱ䣬ûҵСǧ籾Դټ
ڣԨڻСǧ籾ԴϢ
˼սϢô
Ԩոյ˴ѶǳսĴѶʵϣԨսûʲôҲ֪սһλ߽ٽ
һλ߽ٽϢȻԭ
ڳսϢУһ仰˵һ
Ԩնɱַ壡
նɱַ壿λ˲ãܽսȵ̶ֳȣ˵սѾˡ˼̫˼ˣʱ֮Ļ
Ԩоâһ
ʮСǧ籾Դڱصá
ڳսͲᡣð˽ٽʲôҪ˵ɫ˵Ҫ
ǿܣԨҲնɱʱ֮ǺȤġ
ಣ
ԨһѸٻΪһ⣬ʧӰ

ৣ
ֳַˣһγ֣λ߽ٽƺԵ÷ǳ裬Ӧܿ죬ǵһʱˡ
ȴûá
ַʱճӣһֶ£Ǻ˾ܹܵ˵ģʱճһֶ£߽ٽС
ַľһҪԸ߽ٽһһĽ鷳ҲҪܳʱ䡣
ַҹζ࣬ǳսϢĵַ廹Ǻġˣһѹλ߽ٽҪ̵ʱڣ׽ЩȻȡʯеСǧ籾Դ
ಣ
ַӰٴʧʯΧֻʣλ߽ٽأɱȻȻֻʣλ֮£Ҫ񣬵ƴˡϾ˭Ҳܱ֤һַҪѹеЩˣһѹ˭ַܱ֤޷ѹˣ
ַ岻֪ʣµλʵѾ׼ֳʤʼŶȡʯеСǧ籾ԴˡܸӦֻҪСǧ籾Դûг֣Ͳᵣġ
ǧСǧ籾Դôһʯڣַʱ֮޷ʯοˣ
ַţһʯôױҲôױƽ⡣λǧȻСǧ籾Դʯ֮ڣǾһ⡣
ַ岻λ߽ٽܺܿƽʯƽˣСǧ籾ԴˣַҲ㹻ʱ䣬Сǧ籾Դ
ҹζַ࣬뾡Щ߽ٽ
ʱַСǧ磬ѹλ߽ٽַ˵ʵҲһѹҲֻһˡ
λ߽ٽţʱճ֮Уǵ޼£ַܿСǧ繥аһСǧ类˺ѣСǧ籾Դַ˼¡
ַλ߽ٽϣһǧСǧ籾ԴǴջˣԭİǧСǧ籾Դ
ַСǧ磬ѾʮСǧ籾Դ
һ֣߽ٽƴƴ䳲ðգΪ˺ʮСǧ籾Դ
ַϣʮСǧ籾ԴʮСǧ籾ԴǸһλ߽ٽкܴĸʣֱӡ͡һλ˽ٽ
ַϵʮСǧ籾ԴϢй¶֪ɶĺ䶯
ʣˣţõʯˣ
ַ΢΢һ㶣ȻӦռ䣬ȴֿռڵѾתˣ֪ʲôʱ򣬽ȻѾõʯ
ֻǣƺûеõСǧ籾Դ
ಣ
ַûκγɣ̾ٴο뵽˿ռ֮УѾʯеʮСǧ籾ԴΪ֮˻ã


1764 ķϻ̫ˣ
õˣڵõʯ
鼤ڸղţ䲻⣬λûзӦʱ˺
˭Ҳ֪Ȼصô
ַ壬û뵽صôĺһ̺һ˿˿֮
֮лУӽٻĿ´ڡҲ֪ôģȻ֮ӵһЩٻص㡣
ٻһǾ൱ڽֻһ㣬Խ˵ȴǷǳͲҿ
ǷˣȻٻ𣡡
ѵ֪һٻʧأὫճɻҽΪҲմȾйص
ߣСǧ籾Դһ̵ܹģǹԹԵĽʯɡĽٻѾˣֻһԵֶΣʩչһο
ȻõʯλѾΧм䡣ΣǶܷνõСǧ籾Դ֮ǰŬȫ׷ˡ
λȴںڵõʯܹõСǧ籾Դ͸ҷһǰýٻڰ˴μԪ١
ַǰȹԪ٣ֺγܣֻҪСǧ籾Դ㹻ɣˣ˹ؼʱ̣ʱ̣Ҳһѡ
ǰܹõʮСǧ籾Դ
ţʯ
Сǧ֮סʯȴΣ޷ʯУ޷õСǧ籾Դ
ܸܵʯɢСǧ籾ԴϢ޷õʯһصķţƺ֣̺ŸĪ⾳ֻҪоһܹС
ʱڻ񣬽ʱо
ҿ
һþȫСǧ֮ͬһشһ㣬ݺݵʯ֮ϡ
ס֣
ʯ
ʯ٣ˣ
ľٶλȻŭɱŷǧ࣬ΪʯСǧ籾Դ
ʯ٣Сǧ籾ԴҲˣ̾ͻΪʸ֮ģλԲŹ
ȻλһޱȼвŽȴΪڼΪ񣬿񱩵Сǧ֮ݺݵĺʯ֮ϡ
ˣ
ʯ΢΢һ𣬵ţʯĹţͬһķһһӡ˹
һƬСǧ֮ʯ֮ϣȴͬţ뺣һķ˲䡰ɡʧӰ٣ʯȴûκεĶ
ʲô
ĹȻ˿ã˶һλǲϣõʯϣõСǧ籾ԴҲϣٵʯ
ڣõСǧ籾ԴȴҪ죬õʯҲ޷õʯصСǧ籾Դ
ˣõʯܵõСǧ籾ԴǷ񶨵ģ޷õСǧ籾ԴôȥҲһ
ţʯĹţ̺ʱ֮ЩŴ⾳ܴʯҲλǧСǧ籾ԴʯеԭҪ֣֮Ūʯŵԭ
һλ߽ٽɫ˵
ҲӦ˹߽ٽĥѣλ޴֮ǰǺλǧڿλǧСǧ籾ԴŽʯ֮УĿĵġ
޷ƽʯôǴк壿
ʯ޷ᶯ޷ߡҺķѪߵһôǰư
ģʲôòѾõʯ֮£õСǧ籾Դ󣬾Ԫ١ǰڰ˴μԪ٣ҲԲҿôƾСǧ籾ԴܳΪ˽ٽ׻Σ
أ
бɽȴ޷õı
Žķ񹥻λȴͣһɫӵĿŽ
ৣ
ʱһϤӰٴγǵǰ
ڶݡ

Ҳ̧ͷ˻ַ塣ַϤȻַ˿ζʲô
ҪҶô
ɫ԰ףЦһ૵ΪʲôΪʲôǾͲܸһλᣬһλˡ˲֪ѵһʵͲȱСǧ籾Դ
ַԣһݡ
Ȼǰ֮ǰһʲô
ԭַ廹һЩ֮ģܷŽһڿЩˡ
ķϻ̫ˣ
̴ַϽĻý˵ȥַ鷳ˣȻַڵʵЩ鷳һ±һ£֦
һַ̣Խɱ⣡


1765 ն
ʱճӣ
һַ̣ʱճѾϢֱӳŽϯȥ
д󾪣ǵһʱʹɫޱΪξͲϷõСǧ籾ԴͲȱСǧ籾Դնɱô߽ٽôȱСǧ籾Դ£ѾгʮСǧ籾Դ˰ɣο໹ϷΨһĻԵ
˻ߣŭš
ৣ
Ļ£нĿⶼַϡЩΪʯΪʮСǧ籾ԴĽǣһƴȥᡣֻΪʮСǧ籾Դַأ
նɱ߽ٽչ˶Сǧ籾Դ
һλ߽ٽ˵Ҳ򣬶Сǧ籾Դնɱλ߽ٽӵʮСǧ籾Դϡ
ǶȥСǧ籾Դַȴ辶նɱ߽ٽӶСǧ籾Դ⼸һµ˼·
˵Ľǲܵģ˭ĽǽޱȵĽַһôʱ䣬ÿһַġջ񡱣ʵĶޱȵĽʡ
Σ
Сǧ籾Դվַ壬ҪЧַİ취Ҳܡǰ˽ٽҪնɱһλ߽ٽҲôסĵطô߽ٽ㲻Уȴûκ⡣
Ҳַֻ壬ʱ߽֮ٽߵĻᶼûС

ַĶɱģ֮ǰôҲǰҵû뵽Ϊ˵õСǧ籾ԴԱһУԲһо飬ûһǡ
Ȼˣַ廹ʲôù˼ɵģ
ɱ
ַɱȻӿȵɱ⣬͵ıŷͬʱʱճҲ͵һС
¡
ʱ˽ٻֻǣȼյĽٻ𣬶˵Ψֱַ֮˵Ƕʱճ˵ȴûʲôв
ᣡ
һֱûжλ߽ٽȻԱֻǿ֣Ҳ׼ʱַԣ˶һ𣬱ԷǣơһǧѷĻᣬǣλҲͬʱˡ
ңǵĿ궼һ£ǾǶԸַ壡
ȻֳַʵѾвˣˣǲԼַͬ嵱вˣ˿˶ݵЭһͬԸַ塣
һ£ַȷ鷳ˡʱճӣѾסˣңҲ޼ɵıŽٻ
һΣᱻճɻҽַõϵСǧ籾ԴҲЩѡ
ʱվֹô͵úķַľӦλ߽ٽҲġϾλ߽ٽǰèǰƽʱӦһСολַ壬ҲЩǿ
ַ˿ʱ򣬾ϵʱ
ʱվֹ
һַ̣ûκԥǵһʱ䣬ѹס˽ңھֹס˽ֱ˺˽Сǧ磬һ١ɨ˽ڵСǧ籾Դ
Сǧ籾ԴַԤϣַնɱκһλ߽ٽջҪࡣ
֮ǰʮСǧ籾ԴַϣѾʮСǧ籾Դ
ַ߾ȫȫȫĶԸʱλĹҲٵַϣֱӺݺݵַСǧ֮ڡ
¡
ַСǧ𶯣ʱСǧ綼ֱ˺ѣ¶һ޴ȱڣСǧطҲ飬ֲŴơ
һַܵشСǧǿǣƣ޷ȫұλ߽ٽȫһȻܲסܵش
ַȴӲĿס߽ٽһֻҪû䣬ֻҪһ˲佫ַ塰ɱôַͼ
ԭܼ򵥣Сǧ籾Դ
ֻҪгСǧ籾Դʵǡַ֮Сǧ籾ԴεӴ
ʮСǧ籾ԴȷַκεĹ
ˣַ塰Ӳλ߽ٽһûбɱȻֱͶ˺Сǧ籾Դ
ǧСǧ籾ԴͶ뵽Сǧ統СʱַСǧĵط̾ͿʼѸٵĻָ
ܣǳ˷ѣû˻ԸǧǧСǧ籾ԴָСǧˡ
ϾСǧǿͨʱֶַָ룬ʱ⡰˷ѡһЩСǧ籾Դ
ֻҪסλ߽ٽһַͻϵ춨ʤĻ
ˣ
ַĿ߽ٽһһɨǳ֮ɫ


1766 ˽ٽ
ݣ
䳲һƬյĿռ֮УһͻȻ֡
ͣƺЩɲĿǰĳ
ˣôŨϢСǧ籾Դһ棡
Ԩһۣ絶ɢǿϢվۣ֮һһǧ𶯡
ڷ䳲û˻ȥעԨÿһλռĿ꣬ʮСǧ籾Դ
Ԩ߽ٽһȱʮСǧ籾Դ
ţ
ȻںԨ׼̤һռʱԶ
⣬͵ͣ˺Ԩǰ¶Ӱһ˴Լһλĸ޾׵Ůӡ
һλǹòª¶ɢźڰϢ
Ԩ۾΢΢һУһ˿ɵ俴Ӱ˵򻨽ħû뵽Ҳҵˡ
򻨽΢΢һЦ·֣޾Ц̵˵ԨյսϢΪֲܣ㵹ȵһǲѾõСǧ籾Դ
ٺ٣ԨõСǧ籾Դ˵ãǵùϼˡ
ħҲɭɭЦ˵
ԨɫһЦ򻨽ãǵõСǧ籾ԴΣߣο䳲ΪʮСǧ籾Դ
Ƕǰ˽ٽЩ£Ҫ͸
ʮСǧ籾ԴȻҪǶԣʵҲ̫ȡܵõȻãòҲʲô
Ŀģʵʱʯ
λ˽ٽԴ˽⣬Ҫһ߽ٽһЩ֪ǧСǧ籾Դʱʯϡ
Ŀģ˳ײʱʯ
ǧˣλ˽ٽֺγˣǿʱ֮ҪȹھŴμԪ٣ΪŽٽ̶ǧɲֻҪСǧ籾Դô򵥡
ô򵥣ǧͲһֻˡ
СǧǧҪǧıʡʱ֮Ҳܰ籾ʣֻǧ籾ʡ
һ˿ϣǶ
жãʵҲ֪ˣһԴᣬ˽ٽֻλ
ΣǶһԡ
߰ɣȻչҪȥһ
򻨽һۺԨħǶð˽ٽ򲻵ѣ˴˳֡
Ҫ֣Ǳضǣ浽˾޴棡ǣλ˽ٽӰһһ˿ռ֮С

ռ֮Уʣλ߽ٽַվʯߣʯ֪߽ٽҲƻʯ
Ȼˣʲôɵĵģ
ַĿλ߽ٽһһɨλ߽ٽɱʮСǧ籾ԴļֵҪˡ
ԭַ廹һЩղӲλ߽ٽһȻãôСˣԡһˡ
ɱ
ַ廰䣬ƺƵʱճӣֱӳλ߽ٽһλ߽ٽһղһ˺ַСǧ磬ȴɱַ廯⡣
ʵ⡣
Ѿˣû뵽ַȻֱͬʱ˶֡ˣôһСʱ䣬ͱַʱճӵˡ
Ҳٰ߽ȴ˿ţȻŭַǿնɱλ߽ٽͬʱλ߽ٽ֣ǲ̫ˣ
䣡
ǣλ߽ٽʼƴˡǺһַʱճӾ룬һʲô³
λ׷׶ʩչԼĺûκεıַʱճӵŰַСǧѾǿǿˣһѹλĸҲǳء
꣡
תۼ䣬ַСǧĤѾѣһ˿˿ơЩƣһһһ飬ַܲСǧ統Уʱпѡ
λ߽ٽ⿿ַԼ֮Ҫȫѹնɱʵ̫̫ˣ仹ûģǸͲܡ
ַҲǳˣȻ¶˾ģǾһҪնɱΪˣһĴۡ
ˣ
ַ弸ɣ̾Ͷ˴Сǧ籾ԴǼʮٷСǧ籾ԴһǧǧڼǧСǧ籾Դ
֮󣬼ֱ
ַڿǡƴ֡ԸһСǧ籾ԴֻҪܹѹնɱλʱջһ࣡


1767 ˽ٽ٣һ
ûãôûãһλ߽ٽˣ
ַСǧ磬ƺʱһʱվֹóܾ޴Ĵۡˣֻʱվֹһλʱճ֮Уܹиʱյģλܴһ
ֹһλûô
ȻҲУλ֣ɵĶ޴
ַȫǿŴСǧ籾ԴСǧ籾Դλ߽ٽӲš
Ѿλˣ
ǧСǧ籾Դַɹնɱһλ߽ٽõСǧ籾Դ
һֲĵСǧ籾Դһдĳ
ˣģλ߽ٽͺĲַ塣

Ը˳Сǧ籾Դᣬ
Ƕ˳䳲˴ˡ
ʣµλ߽ٽڿʼţʼ־ˡڽ䳲֮ǰʵѾһЩ׼
ĵһ̺ҲڣҲ־塣
ֻ˿ַУλ߽ٽǿǳʮݵСǧ籾Դ׷

ַûĴٴʱվֹһλܿ˺˶ԷСǧ磬ҲõǧСǧ籾Դ
ĵСǧ籾ԴַѾʮСǧ籾Դ
㵱ҪϾɱ
ҪϵСǧ籾Դ㣬ͳͳ㡣
еСǧ籾Դ㡣Ƕ߽ٽвףûСǧ籾ԴܹŶȹԪʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʣλǳ׵׵ġˡ
˵ǰһѡ
ţ
ַ忴λһ׳ʮСǧ籾ԴȷеСǧ籾Դˡ
ټնɱǣʵѾûκá
ǣڸղţַͻȻļµĸоͺʲôֲ·
ãǡ
ַһͬʱǵһʱ͵ʱճӣ׼ʱճӶߡ
ֻǣˣ
ɿֲСǧ磬һֶ
ңֲСǧ֮߱žԵѹ֮ƣոһӴַСǧͱ롣
ֻһСǧַܹ֮ߣһӽӴͼʱ̣ɣ
ַﻹ˵ʣµ߽ٽ˼ֱӷͶ뺣Сǧ籾Դ
䣡
٣ַ嶼û취һʱ䣬ʱ֮ߡҪǿжߣôڶߵһɲǣСǧͻᱻ򱬡
пܻߣǸ΢΢
ַܿ˾кСǧ籾Դʱ򣬱롰Ѫˡ
ǣոֵõʮСǧ籾Դַ岻ƴۣͳͳͶСǧ統УʱҲֻӲˣ

٣ַԸо߽ٽǿʮϰٱֻһɣַ岻壬ɣ˲䡰ɱַ塣
Ӳ£ַ֪һΣְСǧ籾Դ
ַСǧֱӱ˺ѣ¶ĺƺƵӿϢʱճӡɿֱֲѹ֮ƣ˲ַܽСǧ顣
ʱ򣬴ַСǧ֮У˴Сǧ籾Դһӱ鲼Сǧ硣
ʱԭѾ֧飬ٱƺһ̾ͻ᳹׻Ϊ촷۵Сǧ磬Ȼסˡ
ֻҪСǧûб˲飬ôƾַӴ󵽼Сǧ籾ԴַȻ塣
ֻһ˲䣬ĵСǧ籾Դȷáֲˡ
һݡݡݣ
һ˲ʱ䣬ַСǧ籾Դ
ִ֮£ַСǧ磬ΪϵĻһ˿Ϣ
Ҳ˵ַ弫пǰڰ˴μԪ٣ǰΪַʱռ٣ʵϣַûʱռ١ΪСǧ磬ܵ˾ҵĴһδεĻУʵڻһ˿˿Ľ
㹻пܾǼԪٵı
ಣ
ڣַȹСǧ磬ղҲѸٵʧˣռУӰַΧм䣬ҲʯΧм䡣
˽ٽ
ַһһ䣬ҧгݵ˵
ûм뿪ѾȹΣյʱʱܹ뿪ô뿪ˣֲģ뿴㽫ľ˭
Ӱַֻ֪ǰ˽ٽļλ˽ٽַ岢֪λ߽ٽȴ긦λ˽ٽϵı¶һ˿ء
ַ岻ʶλ˽ٽȴʶ
Ԩ򻨽Լħ
˽ٽһ֣ͬղŶûնɱǲ˼顣
ѳɣλ˽ٽҲκβáλ˽ٽһˡ
Ѿûκϣ뿪ɡ
ʣµλ߽ٽѾĻ䣬ټǺпܱⳡ֮УǱΪʯСǧ籾Դʲô뷨ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ǣλ߽ٽԥӰһֱӾ뿪⴦ռ䡣
ʱ˿̣ռоֻʣλ˽ٽԼλ˽ٽΧмĻ


1768 λóԶˣ
λ˽ٽΧм䣬ַȴûһ˿ҵ飬Եúܡ򶨡
˽ٽѾվСǧ۷ˣǿСǧ߽ٽ԰˽ٽӵĻҲ䡣
߽԰˽٣û˿ʤ㡣
ԨϼħҲҪʮСǧ籾Դ
ַĿλɧһۣղǲʶʣµļ߽ٽѾ˵ǵݡ
ȻǼ߽ٽû䣬ȴеСǧ籾Դַ˵ûʲôʧ
ֻǣһղţһˣλ˽ٽɱַоһ˿ŭ⡣⻹ô
Դʱַ֮ѾܾöûиܹϢˣλ˽ٽ֡͵ϮַܵϢ
˵ɱ⣬λ˽ٽɱġ
ԨӸ£ƺǸַ塣ڽ⴦ռһɲǣʵѾ
ʮλַնɱֻʣλ߽ٽǺεȵĺ䶯ǺԨϼԼɱħҲûնɱô߽ٽ
ǲնɱ޷նɱضĵط⣬ǧ֮У߽ٽϰ˽ٽܵشӵĻܹߡ
ˣһʱ䣬λ˽ٽûнԼͬѡһ
һȻûնɱַ壬ַ廹ӲסǵһȻҲַȫǿŴСǧ籾Դſסǵһȴַܷʵǿ
ӦòȱСǧ籾Դɣο໹ʯ
ãԨˡ
ַնɱô߽ٽȱСǧ籾Դ
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣĿֱźԨЦ˵ԨΪð˽ٽѵҲȱСǧ籾Դ
Ȼַ岻֪ھŴμԪҪСǧ籾Դ֪ʮСǧ籾Դ԰˽ٽ˵϶ǿп޵ģʲô
ҪΪǧÿСǧ籾Դ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ַλ˽ٽҪʮСǧ籾Դ
Ȼ˫ĽʵѾСǧ籾Դ֮ˣǿʯ˵ʯϵطţ̺ʱ֮
ַ廹λ˽ٽΪ˶
˲˵Сǧ籾ԴԸ㣬ʯǣ
ϼֱ˵˵
֮ԸַԻʵҲǳַݵλǳƽˣҲƽȶԴ
ʯ
ַ忴һʯȻЩ˽ٽҲΪʯ
Ϊʯϵʱ֮ϣʱ֮
ǾΪʱ֮䳲̺ʱ֮Żʱ֮ǻʱ֮㽫ʯ㣬ٸСǧ籾Դ⡣
ԨĿ⾼Ķַ塣
ʱ֮
ַҡҡͷ¶һ˿Цݣʱ֮ҲǻԵɺϣҶɣҿûб£λʱ֮
˫ĶԻҲʹսᡣ
˭ûͬ򡱣ΪʯͲֻܹͬһһ˵ȥ˭ȥ
һײʯôʯ
˭ԸһʯĻ᣿
ǿǰûʲôơɱ㣬ҲκβǣңսȥжСǧ籾Դĵģ
ħɳ˵
˵Ҳʵַ忿ŴСǧ籾ԴģסλһܹԿַжСǧ籾Դᱻľ
ַʵûж塣
λľþͳԶˣ
Ȼַ̧ͷĿ
ţѵҪսһ
ԨĿҲͬϼħҲһַ廢ַ岻ʱ֮ߣѡӲƴȻǵ»
ַȴûӦλǧĳ̾һ˽ٽҲܳΪ˽ٽ
һַ̣ϵϢ˲䱬
䣡
ֲϢһ˿˿͵ַСǧںȻûһԪʱ䣬ûʱռ٣ַ˺ƺƵĻ
ַ֮ΪСǧ絮һЩڣַ֮࣬£ֱӡɳͬѩһѸ׳
λ˽ٽڸַܵϵϢҲԼͬɫͬʱһ䡣
ˣھڰ˴μԪ٣
λ˽ٽҲ̲סɫ䣬ַ壬Ŀ¶֮ɫ


1769 ˽ٽֿɵã
ڰ˴μԪ٣λ˽ٽˡ
Ƕȹڰ˴μԪʱҲǷѾѪһȫĵط״̬һĶȵڰ˴μԪ١
лһ˿ңճΪ˰˽ٽ
ַأ
û뵽ַȻô󵨣ֱӾǵǰ͸Ҷȵڰ˴μԪ٣ǶԼ̫˻̫ˣ
ˣˣϽˣ
λ˽ٽԼͬһʱͺˣѸٵַľ룬ʯںˡ
˵ַڶȵڰ˴μԪ٣ֻҪгСǧ籾Դôкܴܳɹȹôλ˽ٽһմȾһ˿Ӷǰ˵ھŴμԪ٣ôǾͰٷְ٣ûκνңһ
ڰ˴μԪ٣ôͣλ˽ٽȻմȾһ㣬ӶԼǰԪٻΪҽ
Ѿ˺Զľ룬Щ¡
ܿԶַ壬ϽϢͣƺÿʱỵ̈͡ɿֲĽǰƺһôС
ʲô
ţȹڰ˴μԪ٣һڴеǰֱӶȹڰ˴μԪ٣Ҳ̫ˡ
ǿʯҲĽ˳УǸͲʱȥȡֻܵȵƽϢ֮ȥȡˡ
ʧˣǵҲˣɹأ
һʱ䣬λء֮ǰǶûʶһ㣬ַǿܹסһʵҲûַ̫塣˵ηַ壬ΪַûвǵֶλֻǰŲܰˡ
һַȹ˵ڰ˴μԪ٣ǾͲһˡٹªţҲ˵ַһЩźս
ͬ޵У
ַ屻һʻ㣬ͬ޵СַڸճɽʱնɱһٽڶٽʱҲܺɨٽ
ϵ١Ľ١١٣ˡ
߽ٽǸղŲҲˣʮλ߽ٽΧַ壬ڻʣ¶٣
ˣַͬ޵пɲǿѨ磬ַĶȹڰ˴μԪ٣Ϊ˰˽ٽǾͲǶԲԸַˣַܲϻס
λĸ֮Щ̫ϲַ塣ʵȴǣһַΪ˰˽ٽĲַ壬˻Σա
ô죿
ѵĿַȹ˵ڰ˴μԪ٣
Σ
λ˽ٽһۣ
ʯֻҪܵõʯôһоͶֵˣ
λĿʯ֮ϡ
ַĽ֮£ʯȻɲܵ˿ˣжô档
λˣֻҪַ֣壬նɱǣ
ħЩš
˽ٽ߽ٽʵ֮ǿֱ˼Ϊֹ˽ٽնɱûгֹ
һλ˽ٽ˽ٽΧҲû˭ˡİ˽ٽΪȵھŴμԪʧ˶䡣
ǣȹھŴμԪ٣СǧɱǧĹ䡣
ֻֿܣ˽ٽû˭ܹնɱ
ַͬ޵֮ƣǿλð˽ٽ㲻УѵԱλ˽ٽᱻ֡šܡ
ҪˣǲЦ
Ǿˣ
λҲֻܾĵȴţַȵڰ˴μԪٵĽΡ
ʱַѾ˵ڰ˴μԪٵС
ƺƵļԪ٣ݿ㣬Сǧ統ŰַѾȹ˵ߴμԪ٣ˣԵڰ˴μԪѾһЩ׼
һʱ䣬ͽеСǧ籾ԴͶ뵽Сǧ統СʮСǧ籾Դ
ôСǧ籾Դڰ˴μԪͣҲһ˲ͽַСǧ绯Ϊҽ
ַ廹ǵ͹˵ڰ˴μԪٵ͡
ڰ˴μԪٳױǹѹһУַСǧ磬˲ͷֱˡ
һַ̣ʶЩɢ
СǧǺεȾˣϾСǧǽǵĸһСǧôҲˡ
ô͵ļԪ٣ַ廹ǵһξ⻹дСǧ籾Դ֮£Сǧһ˲䣬Сǧ籾ԴͱţѸٵĻָСǧ硣
һ˲䣬ַСǧ籾Դ
ûгСǧ籾Դ͸ոһ˲Ԫٱ¾ųɾŵ߽ٽ䣬޷ȹڰ˴μԪ١
ַЩ¡
ڰ˴μԪˣǵھŴμԪָöôĿֲѹǧ磬ôǧȴֻλ
Ԫٵȷͣŵһ͹ųСǧ籾Դַ壬Ҳ𽥿ʼƿסСǧˡ
ڴСǧ籾Դ£ַСǧҲȶȹڰ˴μԪ٣ֻʱˡ
˽ٽַѾֿɵã


1770 ʱ
ַСǧ磬ȶнӣֻдСǧ籾Դġ
Ҫȫȹڰ˴μԪ٣ҲҪʱ䡣
ţ
ַһڸղţӦʯһ˿仯ǣַ۾ʯ
ʯĽַΧ֮ڣû˭ҿǰ˽ٽԲҿַڼԪ٣ѾȶҪٷ˼ȥԪˣھǼԪڻ𣬶Сǧ籾ԴģǴһս
ⲻһʱܹҪꡢʮʮʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬㹻ַʯˡ
ԣַʯ
֣˽ٽҲҿôʱ䣬ʯʺϲңļԪ٣ҲҪַķѶˡ
ǣַɴֱʯԣϥ£ڵļԪŰǳʼʯϵĹš
һٶ̾˽ٽע⡣
ڸʲô
ļԪѾȶˣʱûжΣգȹڰ˴μԪ٣Ҳֻʱ⡣Ҫʼʯˣ
⡭ôܣһ߶ȼԪ٣һ߻˼ʯ
˽ٽĿɿڴַôġѾ֪ʲôˡ
һλڶȼԪʱٴУսսȫԸ޲ܽȫ񶼼ڶȼԪϡ
ַƺȼԪǺɵ£ȥʯеطġֱδţ
ַ岻֪λ˽ٽε𾪣Ѿ׵ĳʯϵط֮ϡЩطģ˵طţ̺⾳ַ忴һۣͳ׵ĳС
ַãЩطţпһ֣֣ƺַǳ档
ַһʼʱ֮СǧڶȼԪ٣ʱճӲ⶯ãַ屾ʱ֮ˣʱ֮׾١
ˣ
ʱ֮ѸٵİסʯʯȴûκεĶַüͷʼʱ֮ȥЩ֡
˵ַ嶯ʱ֮סʯʱ֮İ£ȥЩʯ֣Ȼ·֡

ַϸЩطţģԺз·ͳôһ
ѵʯϵ֣
ַһָоǳĸоʯϵݣô֡
ʲô˼ѵǷ䳲ֻ֣ߣһռ֣
ֱַʯ̺һЩǳصϢƽʱһʱ֮İĽܹõһЩϢ
ҲǣַӴʱ֮סʯĽ
ʱ֮ġʴ֮£ЩطţȻĴݳϢַԺУһĻ档
Щ棬ƺһͷͷֲĹޣЩޣֲ㣬ֻһϢַս
ǾԲǰ˽ٽǧӵеϢ
Щޣȴ䳲׷ѹʱ䳲ʵһһʱ
ʱԭˡ
ַȻˣΪʲô䳲׳ȥѣ֮ǰ²⣬ڿĲ²Ӧġ䳲һʱʱ֮ѹһЩǿĴڡ
ʯʵʱŦǳҪĳ̶ֳϣܿʱ
ʱôǧ磿
һ㣬ַҲʯϴĻ棬ƺʱ뵽һɿֲನУ͵䵽ǧ硣
ܿȻַֹҲûٵõκϢʯϵݣͱַˡ
ȻûȫŪʱΪʲôǧ磬ҲһЩ²⡣ʱпҲǡǧ硱ߡԴ֮硱Ĳ
䵽ǧ磬ǧ֡
ǧ϶Ѿ̽ʱˣƿһʱʯҲǡʱĺŦǧûгŪס
ǽһԴᣬϣܹʯݣѰҵ˵еԴ֮硣
ǧһγԾٶȴַʱİء
ʱǧԴ֮磬Ĵڣ
ַţѾʯʮˣġݡٿһֵ⡣
ڵʮСǧ籾Դַֿɵã


1771 ħ֮ħȦħ
ҿ
ַһʱϵطģ·𱻼ƵģʯȻ䡰¶һڡ
洫ŨСǧ籾ԴϢ
ʲôʯ
Сǧ籾ԴϢŨСǧ籾ԴϢ
ô͸ǿʯô˵Ǻ޻ˣ
λ˽ٽַȻĴʯһɫѿǵԭĿģΪǿʯǿʯ̺ʱհء
ڿȴַȵǣʯϵİء
ʵ룬Ҳʲô̫ϣʯ̺ʱհأַʱ֮ʯϵݣõأ˳
ֻλ˽ٽЩİˡ
ˣˣ뿪ɡ
λ˽ٽѾҪ뿪ˡ
ʱһɿֲϢʯ͵ı˳ͬһ㣬ϯ˲ռ֮С
ǡ
ַ嶼𾪣һݣ̾;ǹϢ֮ǿַ嶼Щļ¡λ˽ٽƺûļµĸо
ˣ
ڣһȦȦ֣գһ޴Ӱ˵ǰӰɢźƺƵĿֲϢ˶۾
ħȻħ
ַ𾪣̲סħʵ̫ˣǧ磬ħȦˣô
ħǷǳǿħȰ˽ٽϢҪǿһ㣬ʲôħ
ַϾħӴ̫٣ħһֱȦˣͲ֪ǰħʲô硣
ǺԨλ˽ٽƺ뵽ʲô
ħеλϵħ֮Դħ
Ԩ̲סʵ
ţû뵽˼ǵñ
ħ۾ޱ˵ֻǣĿȴƽһ˿ûУûϲҲûп־度£еֻƽˮ
Ԩأ˵ԴħǴ㱻ǧȦնɱ˵ĴŶУô
ַҲܺ棬û˵Դħ֪ħУһ൱Ĵڣǧ
ħֹǧ֮ǰǧ绹ûеǧ֮ǰħ棬Ŵս磬ҺǴս
еǧһоͶˡ
ħǿҲ޷ǧħ嶼ѹȦֻǧСһֵط
ַһֱһɻǧָܽħնɱΪȴħ
ǰħ֮ħԴͷַܹɻ
Դħһַ壬ƺҲЩȣȴһֱƽ˵ǴʯĽȻڶȵڰ˴μԪ٣˲ӵڰ˴μԪƿУлᵮһλǧˡ
Դħ鸴ӣΪƿеһλǧӴˣħҲ޷ͽǧİλ
һλǧԳ׸ıơڣѾλǧħѾʧȥϣ
ԴħΪλ
ַȴûеģǷǳĽСġ
ΪγǵλǧˡˣλǧԼ㽫ʮСǧ籾Դ׼հɡ
˵꣬ԴħϿʼɢһɹɵĲţԴͷϵϢʼѸٽͣ˽ٽȰ˽ٽǿϢѸٵĵ䣬һ·䵽˽ֻǿ߽ͨٽĳ̶ȡ
һСģ䵽߽¡
Сǧ籾ԴԭǴϻõġ
ַŴ죬·𲻸Ƶġ
һֱΪСǧ籾ԴǧǣһСǧ統СչΡһԪʱ䡣
ڿȴˡ
Сǧ籾ԴȻǴǰħϳ֡
ħԲСǧ籾Դ
ַ岻ţҲû˵ħԲСǧ籾Դ
Դħһַ壬ޱ˵ħԴͷŻ֮ħħǱһ֡ħ֮ħ֮ħΣܲСǧ籾ԴÿһΣúķʱ䣬ʱһЩħǧǵ񡣡
ǱȦǧ磬ǧԶϣԶñ׸
Դħ̧꣬ͷеĳƺڿʲô
ַҲˣˡ
Ȧħ
ԭǧ֮ûнħϾɱڡȦħԴħܹСǧ籾Դ
Ϊ˲棬ǧһԪٰһԴᣬСǧ籾ԴǴԴħ϶һһΣԴħѾʧȥϣ
ԴͷǿΣҷ
ѾǵķԸԵʮСǧ籾Դ£ͱ޹ˡ
ȻԴħеĳ򣬿˵


1772 ǧ
ţ
ַüͷһ壬΢΢һҲ̧ͷĳ
ѾõԴħʮСǧ籾ԴǰСǧ籾Դһʮݡ
һֲ֣֡
ʱƣַȵڰ˴μԪ٣ԶлҪֲˣҲķ˴Сǧ籾Դ
ҲöʮСǧ籾Դ
ʮСǧ籾Դζ㹻ַȹڰ˴μԪˡ
ԴħĻ£Ȼֱ˺һӣţһߴӰյС
ַӰľģֻԼԼģһȦȦĹâ·ŤߣͿ塣
ӰϵϢȴַеޱȵϤ

ַţʵ̫ϤˣϤϵϢϤǽսǧһֱֻ֣ɱ˾ǽʱֵӦþ
ֻǣַ嵱ʱҲֻǿһֻ֣ģַ廹ûп
ڣַڿˡһΧйƺһɢҲֻʱչܵӰ죬Ҳмѹ
ַһֲִ·͸оûһ˿ᣬӵʱ֮ҲԶԶĶ֡ӶܣǧûֱǧԶҲ֪ǧжôǿ
ݼ£
ӰԨħϼһǿǸ߸ϵǧ֮һǧ硣
ңĵλǳ⣬ǽеĵһλǧԴħս˲֪ٴΡ
ǳΪǧѹħ׵춨˽ΪǧĻ
ǧǺԨȰ˽ٽСǧĶڣҲҪ¸߰ͷ­
һۺԨˣȴ⡣ϵǧѾ֪жôˣڶħԡ
ǲ֪˶ٳ͵İ˽ٽΣֻλԵɺ֮£ճΪǧ
ǧԶϣ
ȲŸԪʱͻҷ
ԴѾǿ뿪ˣ
ֺ룬·޾ϣص˶ߡ
λ˽ٽҲ֪ѾûлˡڣȻӣǣ뿪⴦ռ䡣
ˣ
ţһȦȦĿռţͬģģӰ࣬ǧԼĻý
ǧۣһĻǱ֪֪ô޴ĲϾǧݵλͬһ㣬һٶܱ޷Ŵ
Ĵʯ
Ȼǵʱ֮Ļʯϵݡ
ϣһΣǲʧ
λǧڻཻţѾ֪ͨнԴѾ׷׿ʼ뿪˷䳲
ַ壡
Ȼˡ
ַһݣҲ΢΢ڵʵԶԶ޷ǧ⣬ˣҪǻǱ뱣֡
ңַʵǺܸм𾴣ֱӻ߼ӣʵΪࡣ
統񸮣ֱһնɱǽйءңƿеһλǧڶƿߣħԡѪսյ춨ƿ֮߰
ˣһߡҲΪ
ַ壬ʵѾעһʱˡǧ硢ħ֮Уʵλǧڹע㡣
ֱ˵
ַ˵ͷʵͲµˡ
λǧµĹע֪λ£·Ը
ַҲֱʵ֪λǧһ֣ɲֻҳģ϶Ҫ¡
ңпΪʱ֮¡
ýţҵǰҲʱ֮ʵһΪǧȻȻͻ漰һЩʱֻ֮Ҫ򣬻ÿ˰ˡǰʾʱ֮Ҳʲô̫ջ񡣡
ԵȻ˵
ַһɣֻҪΪʱ֮ôͿԷˡΪȻʱ֮Ҳ޷ʱ֮
˵ʱֻ֮ܿˡַҲûʲô̫õİ취λǧҪʱַ֮޷λǧҪ
ַ壬ǴеĿģʯ
ͻȻڣҳʯһץ


1773 ˭
¡
ռ䶼𶯣䳲𶯣ʯȴıӲĸץС
ַк𾪣ǡʯϵݣ֪ʯ䳲Ŧǹؼġ
Ҳ뺳ʯû뵽ȴ׵ĺʯ
ⲻַ뵽ڵķ䳲ʵ©ٳѾһֲʱˣ¾ʯһĹϵ
֪ʯǷ䳲ĹؼǺŦ滹̺һ˿ʱ֮ҲֻǿдʯǽʯϵݣҴʯ֪ʯʲô
ҲĶַ塣
ʯϵݣ
ַĬˣȻλǧǳʯԴڷ䳲֮УҲΪܹ˽䳲ڷ䳲֮С
λǧûбȣûκαȣĿעַϣַܵĪѹ
Ͼǿǧǧף
ַ֪⣬޷ҹڷ䳲ڴ˵еĴǧ磬Դ֮磬ַҲʡ
ǣֱַ˵ҵȷ˹ʯϵݡʯ䳲ʵʱŹѺһǿĴڡʱŦѹʱ
ַ彫ʯϻ֪ݣ˵˳Ժиֳһ棬Ҳ޾ϸͳͳϸһ顣
ԽλǧԽءַ忴ǵģϻܸܵһ˿˵λǧҲȶЩ
ʱ֮ǰĲ²ȫȷˡ
ǰʱѹһЩ׼񣬷ǳǿĴڡǴӴ˵еĴǧġ
ַ廹һŻ˵һͨҲǾͨ˵дǧͨ
ǿ׷ѰĴǧ磬Ĵڡ
λǧַܼĿУ֪֮ǰĲ²⣬֤ʵˡǵľ磬Ȼһ۾ͿַԷ顣
ֻ֤һЩȴλǧ⡣²ʵζţǿԽһˡ
ʱַ̲סʵ£ǧԴ֮磬Ĵڣ
ַѯʣλǧĬ

Ȼλǧϵʧˣ¶ݣַĿСλǧϣȻһλϵģ
ǧû˼Ԫٵţϻᣬֻһ䡣òֻǽǵһϲðˣ뱣ʲôòС
ȻȽϲĿǰһģ
鱨Ҫ⣬Իش㣬ǧԴ֮磬һڣ
նǳᶨ˵
Ԫǧ磬Ѿ޿ɽԶҲ޷ᵽʵܹ¶ĵĹ¶ǵУԶԶδյ㡣ʱգյ㣡ֻڴǧԴ֮磬ܿյ㣬ԣô꣬һֱռŹԴ֮ߴǧڣڿԿ϶ˣȫ϶дǧ磡
Ļ·͸¶޾ļ
˭Ҳ˽⣬Ϊ˸˶Ѫ
ǧ磬̺ʱռô
ַš
ûв´Ӧǵõ˳µʱӡǰɣ
Ļַһ̾ͱѡ
ʱӡǣַܣ
ڳҲַĵܣ׽ˣַ嶼û͸¶֡
ڣôһھ͵˳ʱӡǣ
λ£ô֪ʱӡǣ
ڣַҲһЩߡ
ǵõʱӡǵƿߣһĶΪءʵϣµ㼣ࣿСǧ統УżһЩۼǧ磬µĺۼҲܶ࣬ʱ֮ţʱӡǵȵȣв١
͵ĽǵõʱӡǡܿϧǻڳΪ֮ǰͣһ·߽١˽٣ΪǿߡȴûһˣܹȹھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧ
ңҲûһʱ֮ʵ֪ʱ֮ǾѾ֪Ҳõ˳µʱӡǣˣлʱ֮
ַȻԭˡ
ַû뵽ΪܵʱӡǣȻкܶ࣬˵һ
ַҲԷƱ˵һҲرһȴעǳɾҲϣΪǧһ
һλʱ֮ǧ
˭
ַĶһһ䣬ʵ


1774 ճɰ˽٣Сǧ޵У

ĬһĿڵҲ֪˭ͺƾճֺ֣ʱ̶ǵߡϷѾϱȽϹϵĴˣħƿʱѾ˳ټֻǣֻʱ֮ԼһЩʱӡǣȴδ
ǳΪǧŽķ֣Ҳһǧ磬ֻ߽Դ֮硣̺ʱİأܳɾ㣡ҲԴ֮ڣпʱİأڴʱճ֮УȥδԿĺۼ
ַҲĬˣʵڳĲ²ܱ˸ӡסΪͨµʱ֮šʱӡǵȵȣʱ֮
ȻַֻǴǳʱ֮ȴ²⡣ʱߣǾζţȷʱճӵгΡ
ֳΣɲַʱճ򵥣Ǵڹȥڡδҿȫ뵽С
ȥڡδʵûгӰΪѾ׳ʱ֮⣬Ĵңڡ
ַ岻֪ʲôʱܳΪĴڣԶҲܡ
̫ңԶǧԴ֮磬ȴôңԶҪǧ磿
ʵ
ǧ磿Ϊλ£һҪǧ磿ѵǧвУ
ַ巴ʵʵϣҲַһֱɻ
ַһۣ漴͵ĿǰûгΪǧԲ˽ǧһʲô״̬ʵϣǧ磬Ѿ޿ɽˣԶԶҲֻȻ𣬵ȴ޷ôѡȻûмԪ٣˭ܱ֤ǧԶǾԶ䣿Ψгʱ֮⣬ǲĴңڣǲ㣬ʲôĽѣûκá
ǻʱ֮һĿǰӦҲյʱ֮ӦǺܻʱ֮ɣ٣޷Ĵңڣңʱ֮СǧϢϢأһܵСǧͻĴң
Ψн뵽ǧԴ֮磬̺ʱ֮ĳ֮Сյ㡣ˣΣǶ뾡һа취ϧһдۣ뵽ǧԴ֮硣
ĻַĬ
˼ԱʵҪʱ֮ĸһ㣬ʵַҲûκΰգûС
ⲻǵʱۻͻƵģûһĻԵַʱ֮Ҳֻˣ޷һ
ַλģ
ãַʵλ£ǿ˽ǧİ취ߣ֪νǧ磿
ַʵ⡣λǧֶΣΪѰҴǧ𣿵ʲôû
ǾΪûҵǧڣ˵Ǹûнǧİ취Ѿһ˿ʣңǺҪİ
Ҫҵİ
ַЩ棬λǧʲôҪİ
ˣǵȻ׶ȹڰ˴μԪ˵ɣǾȴ
ûϸ˵ַҲûѯʣڵȷڶȵڰ˴μԪ٣аգʱ򣬻ǲ˷ġ
ڰ˴μԪ٣ַˡ⡱Ķȹֱǰ޹ˣҲкˡ
ǵڰ˴μԪ٣ǵڰ˴ԾǨÿһμԪ٣ʲô˶ضԴַ岻λǧġֱⲻˡ
ʱһĹȥַаնȹڰ˴μԪ٣ҲҪʱ䡣
һꡢꡢʮꡢʮꡭ
תۼ䣬ʮʱȥˣַСǧѾҼԪٵĽҲĿʼ
䣡
һַ̣СǧڵĽ𡣶ʱַСǧ΢΢һ漴һֲֿٶš
գСǧ糹ȹַһָоǾǿ޵еǿ󣬷·ûʲôܱѹġ
֮ǰλ˽ٽֱַӽǡѹҪʱճˡ
ַķѵСǧ籾ԴҲӴ󣬼֮ǰʮСǧ籾ԴַϵСǧ籾ԴͶʮݡ
һζȹڰ˴μԪ٣ַѪķѵСǧ籾ԴֱַϸͳһСǧ籾Դھֻʣʮˡ
Ҳ˵ַڰ˴μԪ٣ķ˶ʮСǧ籾Դ
ôСǧ籾ԴַջҲܴ
٣ַ壬Ϊһİ˽ٽվۣ֮
һǵھŴμԪ٣ɹпǧˡ
ˣַڣ֮Сǧ޵У


1775 ǧ
ˣϲɹȹڰ˴μԪ٣Ϊ˽ٽ
۾Ǽ仹¶һ˿Цݡ
˽ٽˣǧңԶң˵ҾڵھŴμԪ֮ˡ
ַҲ̾һʵûʲôԵá
ΪĽٽΪַٰ߽Щ㡣Ϊ˽ٽʵǺܲһġ
Ľ١߽֮󣬶ܰȻȹûʲôȸС˽ٲһһΪ˰˽ٽǾ͵ԵھŴμԪ١
ǧԴӵλǧΪֹһλǧûеַţ˽ٽһ٣ôԪۻܹİ˽ٽ϶Ҳһ֮
Σ
ûеһλǧ
һΪ˰˽ٽ൱ʱˣÿһ죬һ졣ˣ˽ٽʵǵģҲû˼ȥǧһЩ¡
ҲΪΣǧа˽ٽӰΪ˽ٽڷչСǧ籾ԴڷŰ취ϣܹΪǧ
ΪһʧܣתضûУֻ·һ
ȵھŴμԪ٣ѵ˭ǿȲɣ
Ȼ˵ⲻַһ
˼Ǿǰַָʱ䵹ˣֻҪгСǧ籾ԴַһֱȵھŴμԪ١
Ϊʱ䵹ˣСǧ籾ԴԶԶһԪ֮ڡ
ʱȥʮԪٸԪַҲһֱά֡ҪСǧ籾Դַʹδ˵˽ٽȱСǧ籾Դ
֮ǰַսλ˽ٽҲΪСǧ籾ԴΪ
˽ٽûСǧ籾ԴʵϸһҲףЩ꣬ǧʵڲ֧Ű˽ٽǣҪλλǧ
ǲСǧ籾Դ
㲻Сǧ籾Դһİ˽ٽȹھŴμԪ٣ֻҪһٶСǧ籾ԴɡȻ֣ʵ϶ҵ˵ֵһᡣǻЩ⣬ҪٶСǧ籾ԴҲṩؼǵھŴμԪ٣ֻҪСǧ籾Դô򵥡
ڣַԸǾһ
ľ磬ҪҲеʲôʣǹڵھŴμԪ٣ԼΪǧľ顣
ʣзȨˣֻλǧΪ˳ɹĶȹ˵ھŴμԪ٣ҳΪǧ
Ը꣡
ַ幧һ־ǶôҪ۶λ˽ٽһҪ
޷ЩʶǶ˽ٽϸĽͣߣ޷ǾǧܶһЩǧд˵еĴǧԴ֮磬ҪУɲôסǧֻǧףյס
յף
ַ΢΢һ㶣ӡУǧף˵һ޵С˼ƺλǧͲ޵С
ƺַɻ͵գǧǧ硣ձ󺣣ôǧ磬ǴеһСһǺСССУӦҲ˵
ַ˵ͷҵȷ˵ټȻһ١ٽвǧ
ַȫףȷһЩĽϵĽôηˡοǧѵ飿
֮ԶԶ˵ֻһС֣ǺСˣʱһЩǿˣǧ總Ҳ̫ǿ
һЩǧҵ˻ҪǿЩҲѰŴǧԴ֮硣ˣ㷢˴ǧ磬Ҫ룬Ҳûô򵥡οǧҲǹǧȻԽԽãҲĿǰˣһֱڷСǧԭ򡣡
ĽͣҲַ塰۽硱û뵽֮лǿǧ
ַϸһ룬λǧһԭû˵Ǿǣǧϣǧûгͻ
ǧѾֻǧ磬ﻹгͻΪûгͻˣλǧŻôķСǧϣڶСǧܹĵλλǧ
ϿɳɣȡΪλǧʱ֮Ǽҵ֮ϣΪǧƿߣҲڴܳΪǧһƾʱ֮ܺܿҵǧˡԣϿɳɡ
˵꣬λǧֱʧˣ뿪˷䳲


1776 ʱĶ
λǧѾʧַ΢΢һ㶡
ѯʹʱ£û뵽λǧʧˣλǧҪȥַҲҲֵա
ʱ
ַѾȹ˼Ԫ٣ϸĲ鿴ʱŶ˽⣬ַʱ˽⣬ҲλǧҪࡣ
ʵʱһɶõıܹѹǿڵһַҿ϶ڴǧԴ֮磬ʱҲǱѰ
ֻǣǲƵġ
ҲΪʱ̫֮٣һЩռǾֹʱ֮ҲǻĵģұλǧǿƻһЩʱѾƲһЩ߽ٽֻҪһЩĿռ֮ڣҲ뿪ʱ
ȻҲʱûƿйأĻƿʱǲƵʱҲܲһ㡣
ܹס˽ٽǧҲǲסȻΣһԲ֪
ǰǣַܹƿʱ
һԡ
ַʵǲľôѾ˳ʱѾûѹĹ޻ǿߣһ©ٳһƿز΢޸һЩһǿʱǿ
ϧλǧҲûзһ㣬Ҳûʱ֮йأûʱ֮ûҪƿ뷨
ַ嵹ǿһԣֻǣƿʱһʱ䣬ַҲֻһδεĳԣû̫õİ취
ַ뵽ΪʱŦؼνеģĺģһˡ
ղţǧʵ
ৣ
ַһ֣ʯץСѾԱץУַϸӦַľܹʱ
ʱеÿһռ䣬ַ嶼ġ
ⲻǹؼؼַʱ֮ѸٵţͬʱַҲһ˿ܹӦʱһ˿硣
ԭˡ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãַʱ֮Ҳ޾ҲġȻ˴ʱַ֮ȴ׶Ϥʱİء
գ
һַ̣뿪ʱȴһץʱճ֣ҺƺƵֱӽӴʱС
¡¡
ʱھҵţַҲûҪٵʱʱճӡʱ
ңϵķʽֻʱܴ֮ʱ
Ȼʱľ𶯣ʱʼѸٵСַʱ֮͸ʱÿһ䣬Ѿַʱ֮ȫ
ˣ
ܿ죬ʱѾС˰ƴСַС
ַ忴еʱǼ¶һ˿ЦݡʱҪãÿʱ֮С
ȻڵʱǲƵģˣַƿأס˽ٽǼ׾١
ңСǧʱճӵУʱճӳʱֻҪ޸һʱ䣬סǧַҲ⡣
һǧĽʵĶ
ȴַУַֻУܷӳӦе
⻹ַĿǰΪֹõǿ
ʱ֪жôǿ󣿡
ַһȣܹʱ޸ǸжǿַѾȥˡ
ʱַ忴ԭʱĵطյһƬҲ¶һ˿Źֵı顣
ǵãȥħħױʮ֮оҲû˾ħڣҲ˷䳲ڷ䳲Ҳַʮ֮׵ķ䳲Ҳʧˡ
ַһˣʧ
Ҳ֪ڱˣսߣ
ʮʣ°˸Щǲɪɪ
뵽ַҲݸһЦʱʱ֮һֱӾʹʱգ˻
һػַͿʼȥնɱļλ߽ٽĵλ߽ٽĵӵжСǧ磿
ǼֱԼ
ңΪ˰˽ٽַ֮ӣǧСǧ硣
ֻǺ̵ܶʱڣ΢һʱ䣬ַǧСǧ綼⡣
Сǧ磬ƺ޾
ַףΪʲôǧ˵˽ٽǶСǧ籾ԴˣֲܹôСǧ磬Сǧ籾Դ
ο㵽ʱĲԴħԼǧַ֧֣Ҫģȫʱ֮ߣȫռΪǧһЩϺϢ
⿿λǧĲԶԶַø׼
Ͼַɲʱ֮һֱȥȵھŴμԪ٣ҲΪǧҲȥѰҴǧ磬Ҳ볹ʱ֮ʱգĴңڡ


1777 
£Ľǰݷá
ַ۾
롣
ܿ죬Ľ˴УַʱҲ¶֮ɫ
㡭Ķȹ˵ڰ˴μԪ٣Ϊ˰˽ٽ
м٣
ַ΢Ц˵ĽЩ㱣Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ٽַȴѾվСǧ֮۷壬޵нˡ
Ľ˴ǰݷãΪдţַ壬Ѿȹ˵ڰ˴μԪ٣Ϊ޵н
Ҫ֪Դ֮ǰַҲֻٽˣһԴᣬַһ˰˽ٽ˭ţ
ĽͲţˣصǰݷãַʵû뵽һ⵽ˡַѾǻʵİ˽ٽˣַնɱļλ߽ٽǰȥյôû߽ٻ߰˽ٽֹ
ֻ߽ٽϵȦӣ֪˿̵ַжôĿ¡ڷ䳲Χַλ˽ٽһ󣬸̾͹ر˵κ˶ǻ˴Сǧ籾Դ
̬Զ׼ַ岻Ҫ׷ˡ
ǰַ˵Ҫ׷ϾɱΪ˰˽ٽַ֮ѾʶĲҪСǧ籾Դˣ㽫λ˽ٽնɱΣ
ο˽ٽǧӣֻһ˿˿ϣλǧַҪλ˽ٽնɱǧҲ档
ַȻϨ׷λ˽ٽ뷨Ҳֻһͷһ뷨ǾǶȹھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧ
Ľ뿪ˣʲôû˵ַ֪ĽʶַվᲢۣڵַ壬ѾΪǧ磬ǧ֮⣬ǿĽ
ݡλǿߣһһͬСɡ
ַʵ֪ĽĿģĽҪΪٽ⿿һˣʵѡַȴûڰЩ£ÿĽԼ
ַܰĽΪٽ߽ٽ˽ٽھŴμԪأ
һ浽˵ھŴμԪ٣ĽҲɡ
ַľ磬ѾԽԽߣеԽ죬ʵҲԽ졣ĽжĻԵھŴμԪ٣ɣ
ˣվһꡭ
ַԸԪһСǧ籾Դ׼ţȵĽȵμԪʱĲôüԪ͸Ľ
ֻҪʱ򣬸ĽַѾ御
УվÿԼ
ʱţַڻ֮оޣô꣬һû뿪ֻСǧʱճӵʱ
ʱճӵеʱ֮ʱҲһ¡޸СˣһЩԵˣʱ֮޷޸
Ȼʱ֮ʱֻԽԽǿǿʲô̶ȣַҲ٣˽ٽڸͲ壬־ѹ
ǧַ岻ڵʱܲסοҲǧʵΣ
ַҲûȥԴΪ˽ٽ֮ݳСǧ磬׷˽ռݡÿСǧ籾Դһ֡
ڿҲŹȥԪʱ䣬ַȴСǧ籾ԴҲ˵ڶȵھŴμԪ٣ʵѾСǧ籾ԴˡСǧ籾ԴѾ۳㡣
ַȴûǰһʱ֮Сǧ٣ӶٵĶȹھŴμԪ١Ϊһǰһ
һȹ˵ھŴμԪ٣һӿֲӼеΣǾСǧɱǧ硣
ֻСǧɱǧ磬ܳΪǧ
ǲģֻҪȹ˵ھŴμԪ٣ôСǧͿʼɱ䡣ɱḶ́ʣΣյģ൱Σա
ܾųɾϵİ˽ٽյһûܹɱɹȻҲûгΪǧ
ǧ絮񣬳ɹĳΪǧߣֻλ֪ɹжַ͡壬Ҳû˿İա
ûŪСǧɱǧ磬̺ʲôİأֻŪһ㣬ŻȥȵھŴμԪ٣Ļʱ䵹ˣСǧԶҲᵮԪ١
ַСǧ籾ԴȫԶȥȵھŴμԪ٣ֻҪԸ⣡
ˣַڵ״̬κʱҪƽҲû˽ٽļꡣ˽ٽŬҪȹھŴμԪ٣ҪɱΪǧ硣
ʵϣɹ̫ͣûλ˽ٽġһԪ٣Ǿֻ·һˡ
ȥ˰ԪôУʱ֮ԽԽţкܴĿܣΪλǧˣ
ȻַĶߴһϤ
ַ۾ǰ۵һӰ

ַЩ죬û뵽ǧȻˡ


1778 ˽ٽ
Դϴڷ䳲ַ֮ûټȻҲûʲôӴˣû뵽ˡ
䳲˰ɣ
ţ
ַЩ죬һ󣬻ǵ˵ͷˣֻʱ֮Ľȡ䳲
ǰʵҲµ䳲һĶֻϧǶûʱֻ֮һ㣬Ȼûа취ȡ䳲ȻܹȡǾĻԵģҲᡣֻһ£»ûȥһԡ
ַһݣЩʲôҪȥһԣ
汾
ܿ죬Ӱɢˣַֻһλ꣬һյеλꡣ
յУλǧҲҪҰæ
ַšʵλǧǺܿģȵھŴμԪٵ֮£λǧһǲ
ڣǰ롱ַ壬ǾͲһˡ
ѵλǧ鷳ˣ
ֻǣǧ޷鷳ַǰȥʲôã
ַԺָͷգǾȥô£һֱڻڡޡʵϳʱ⣬ַȹھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧûʲô̫İ
⿿ޡܳΪǧǲ֪ǧжǧˣԲλ
ǣַʱ֮һѾʧ˻

յУ۾ԱߵĻýһǧѾһ
ôˣ
ʵ
ȷǻʱ
ȻʱҲȡκûа취
Ҳʱֻ֮ǣȴǧѣǹۿʱ֮ţҲһûκ򡣡
λǧҡҡͷǹΪǧʱ֮ţʱӡǣΣ
޷ʱ֮
ңôõʱ֮ţõʱӡǵܹʱ֮ģҲֻҪַһ˰ˡ
ˣʱ֮ǿ
᲻
ʵ
ҲᣬҲᣬӣӦûοǻһЩöûз
Ц˵
˵ĺöλǧҲλǧϵĺöֻһ֣ǾǾ飬Ϊǧľ飡
ȹھŴμԪ٣Ȼʲô飬Сǧɱǧ磬ȴ߻ܣϢλǧȻ״ڡ
ţѾˣ
ȻгһȦȦţַӰյС
ৣ
ַĿɨһۣλǧҲλ
ڿСǧһˣϣΪλ
Ц˵
ַɲҵ档СǧһҲãǧҲգûгΪǧվһա
λ֪кηԸ
ַ忴λǧۣо΢΢һݣ֪εһ򵥣һλСǧΰﵽλǧ
ϴα˵ǧֻǧףȴյס㲻ʶһڻˡ

ַҲк棬ʵȻееﲻһؼһ㣬ʵϾر
ԣǧᣬǿܻҪİ
һᵽȻ±Ƚأصλǧûаս
ˣַ塣
λǧûаգһСǧ
ַĻû˵꣬˼Ѿˡ
ٵһֹһλ˽ٽ
ַЩ棬λǧûٿڵ˼ַҲֻܰסĵɻ󣬼ȴȥ
һ졢졢졭
ǵʱ䣬㣬ʱ䣬ͬһһܾգۼĹ
ಣ
ܿ죬½ʮâЩ⣬ַ˵ķ
ͣ¶һӰлӰַҲǡʶǺԨˡ
ǰ˽ٽ
ַһҲ˳һĽȻͳͳǰ˽ٽһλ߽ٽûС
ݼλ£
յİ˽ٽҲ׷λǧ񣬵ȴûʲôȵɫȻѾǵһˡ
ˣǾͳɡ
۾һЩ˽ٽǶǰ˽ٽ֮УȻܺǧһҲַȲˣܴգˣֻһĿٶȷȻһЩ
ûһλ˽ٽǧа˽ٽˡ
ǣַϡͿ͸˳еĳȥ


1779 
ַһ£Լһλʮһλ˽ٽ֮ǰ˵а˽ٽϵǾζţǧ磬Ҳֻôʮһλ˽ٽ
һλǧҲ޷֪ͨ
ϣ˽ٽҲֻʮλˡ
ʮλ˽ٽƺ࣬Ҫ֪߽ٿʼʵϽͼļ١
ôʮһλ˽ٽͨһεֲÿһԪ˽ٽÿһԪҲ߽ٽ
ͬʱÿһԪдİ˽ٽ䣬ھŴμԪճɻҽԶҲ޷Ϊǧ
ַ忴Щ˽ٽ鲢ɣЩءҲһЩ²⣬λǧӣ˴˽ٽ£һܲ򵥡
˵൱Σգ
һʱ䣬ַҲʼӵʱ֮ѱɱҲ޷ɱ
˷ʮʱ䣬ڣλǧͣ
ˣѾӦϢɢѰɣҵͷ
͸¶޾ϡ
ڶ˽ٽҲ׷ɢƺѾϰˣַֻüͷ֪ô¡
һ㲻ȥѰң߼ɡ
ַ˵
λ£⾿ô£ƺҪһͷ
ַѾһߡ
ҪѰȴһͷһЩոճΪ˽ٽҲӦóеӦеˣǧ總֮˰ȫΪԼ˽ٽһЩǧ
ַȻʵѾ²ˡѹЩ˽ٽһԵüģԭѾǵһˡ
һǲǱȽΣգ
ȷһЩΣգڿɿطΧ֮ڡ
Էмͷǿǧ
ǸӦͷǹģܴˡҲ٣ˣҪЩ˽ٽڰ˽£սѻʯûκáа˽ϵĽóΪǧϡ
ַˣʵҲһֽ
ǧǱ֤˽ٽİȫ˽ٽСǧ籾Դǧ֧Ԯ˽ٽҲø
УԸʱǧ֣˽ٽ
ͷǧʵѾǳ˾ˡԪǧǿҲֻһͷǧˣһοܻһս
ء
ǧֻǧףյףЩϣֵ쾡¡
ַҲԼľΪ˰˽ٽҲױȣӴ󵽼㣬ˣԷܹķΧֻǣַľܹ㣬ȴӹһ󡣾ǧ磬ں嫵յУҲǲ׺һˣǳС
ʱһĹȥתۼһ¡
һµʱ䣬Խ˵ȻֵһᡣյУʵһҲôʱ䡣
ˣ
ȻƺյѶϢɫһ䣬ټˣϼֵġ
ߣ
һʱ䣬λǧʹַһ𣬳ϼķֱӴȥͬʱǧҲһϢеİ˽ٽ
ַ巢֣ǧȻܴʱա
ǵģǴʱգ֮ǰһֱûô֣ڷˡҪַ֪ʱ֮λǧûסʱ֮ôᴩʱգյж⴩
Ҳʱ򡣵ַһЩ²⣬ᵽǧѾʼʱˣҲûʱ֮ʱգҲȫһ
һջ񣬾ܴʱˡ
ಣ
˼һʱѾϼָλá
ַ̾͸ӦˣԶһͷֲδżδĿֲޣɢϢоļ¡
ߣȻ
һһ֣סϼϼߡϼ˿ȷͬʱҲ﷢ˣ˱׷ɱλǧ㹻죬¾ͱһˡ
ϼҲַ壬Ҳͷʾ⡣
ʱַȴûϼΪȫעѾԶͷˡͷͺһ͵һźɫƬһֻ֣;ͺ޴򣬺بյУɢɭ䡢ΣյϢ


1780 ѹ



գֹȻҲգʶվ̫̫٣֪е֡ǿȥһԣһЩʵϢӦͷӦúͰ˽ٽľࡣҲҪúҪɱˣı󣬿ɻиӿֲĴڡ򲻵ѣóȻսˡ
Ļַһ
ȷһμôǿܾһЩ©֮㡣߸ɴλǧ⡰ȦһЩͲֵһᡣ
ڣǰͷʵءǿΣյ
ãҾȥһԣЩֶΣ
ַҲûη壬ֱ׼ȥͷһʱϼ˵ЩٶȻ죬ˣǿҪСһЩ
ַ忴һϼ֪ϼΪ֮ǰڷ䳲£ԼʾáַҲ˵ͷǾʹ˽ҹ˷䳲Ĺڡ
ಣ
ַһ˲Ϣ䴩һѸٵĿͷ
𡭡
ȻҲвǿǻۣȽǲ١ˣһʱ䣬Ĵ֣Ѿǵأַϯ
Щƺƴ󣬼ǰ˽ٽһ
ϼղŶݺͷӴһζӣҲ಻ԣͷԲһİ˽ٽܶԸġ
ʱѾһЩ˽ٽִַ֣һĶܾȡ
ϼԨԼħڷ䳲Χַ壬ַ巴ȹ˵ڰ˴μԪ٣Ϊ˰˽ٽѾһЦ̸ˣ˽ٽڱЦλ˽ٽ
ڣܿϷˣλ˽ٽĻʵˣ
֪ܲܳס
Щɲ򵥣οϼԶԶǶ֡
ʱ֮ʱ֮»ҲͷĶ֡
ԼұŤһ˶Ըֱ
Щ˽ٽжôѲһλ˽ٽͬᱻѹ
Ȼܹںռһϯ֮أҲȻ֮ȻڵϣЩѲ̶ȣȴǰé
ѱɱСǧ类˺ѣСǧ籾Դڣܹһ˲䣬Сǧ磬Ļɱ
ҲǽĺֶΣ
Ըİ˽ٽһ֣˲ܿնɱһͷͬ
ǵԵռ·磬ΪǱ
úãСǧ磡
ַʱȫ񶼷ǰͷϣۣĴ֣ͬһӺݺݵĳʱַ֪޿ɱܣ˷ָǺˡ
ķһζˣǾʧȥ塣
ǣַɴСǧ磬ֱСǧ磬ݺݵײȥ
ַСǧ磬εǿĻһֱܻ񣬶һһһٽߵİ˽ٽȻַٶƺܿ죬еʱ̣ܶʵϣÿһַ嶼ߵĺ̤ʵĻޱȵȹ̣ӵȹ̡
һ·ߵ˽ٽĵزַСǧ磬Ӵ̶ȣǷԶ˽ٽ
⿿Сǧ磬ַҲĿǰǧ統֮ĵһСǧ
¡
ַСǧ磬ʱֺݺݵײһַ弸ǽ߾ȫСǧе
ʱ֮Լʱ⣬ַ弸еȫԸˡСǧĴ֣ݺײһһַ̣һоĴ֣ص˲˺Сǧ硣
꣡
ַСǧӦѣһ̣ҲǻһһӴд֣Ȼַײһ̣˲䱻жϡ
󣬿ֱֲײ
һĻнĿɿڴλǧɫҲ΢΢һǵı⣬ַʶһ£жôѲ
ڣַһͽײɣشּԳƵѹˣѵһε
ַȴͬ𺳡
͸ոһ£ܵΣˡЩǿһЩͿֱӽСǧ˺Ƭ
ȻǰûСǧ籾Դ
ˣղһ£Ҳַķ˴Сǧ籾ԴŽСǧָһսַЩҲһֱ۵ʶԲС
ɡ
ȻͬʱַҲԶкܶͷ֣Ϣַ嶼ëȻĸо


1781 սǺͣѡ
ַɻ˽м䣬нɫأȻһӿô˵Ҳ𺳡
ôҲϰͷ
ϰͷﰡôôܹࣿյлҳ;棬ٶ߽ϵĽʵ
һΣԹǿˣڶ࣬ͷǧܽЩôǧ鷳ˡ
а˽ٽɫأû֮ǰɵķΧҲ࣬ǿҲλǧѹǸͲ塣
ڣһӳôǸев
ϰͷһ֣ڶѹڶȴɢǿϢЩ
ܿ죬Щ￿ıȽϽˣΪ׵ͷӴ£еﶼͣǶš
ˣ
ʱһİľ񲨶һͷǧϴţڶԺоһ
ΰİ˹ף˹壡壬ѰҴ˵еԴ֮ţʲôˣΪεסҵȥ·
ʱڶԺжڻصλ˹׵ԷƺԳư˹壬Ҳһ˹ס
ֻǣ˭ܱ٣Ͼʵ̫̫̫嫣ǧҲ޷١
ʱҲڵΰİ˹ףҪѰҵԴ֮ŲʵϣѰԴ֮ţƿҲѰԴ֮š֮ﵲסǵȥ·Ϊǰƿߵǧˣǰ˹Ϣ̫ǿײǵǧ磬λ˹ƵС
ЩﲻšʲôУǲܿǧ硣ֻҪǧ磬һж˵
˹׺񱻡衱һ̾ͱ·ǰ˹֮û·˵ѰԴ֮ǵĿ꣬赲ʵĿߣǰ˹ĵˣ
ţ
ʱǧüëһ˹̬ôǿӲʵѾ֪ԷĿˡ
ЩĿĸͲʲôԴ֮šҪѰԴ֮ţ᲻·οԴ֮һ֣ѵܸӦǧһʱͻȥˡ
УһֱԴ֮ŵĴ˵ʵϣ˭ûмԴ֮ţˣһֱֻǴ˵ˡ
˹ȴԴΪڣǵĿģǧ磡
ϻ˵Ҳҽˣٺ٣ĵУǻǵĿľǧɣҪսս뿿ǧ磿Ƕˣ
ʱһȣһ㣬ըԺСʱЩ̾ŭˡ
ȷǵĿľǧ磡
˹壬˵ĺǵȷǰ˹ֻϧ˹类ŪıˣǾеˡҪҵһƬǿ硣
ȻҵһЩСǧ磬Сǧ磬Ͳʺ档
ڣҵǧ磬ϲ֮£ֱǧ硣ֻϧյС
˭ҲɵӣҪɻأǧ磬붼룬գǵÿʵ˵
ֻǣ˹׻Щԥ˹ʵǿҲӦ˽УµĴڡ
ǧ˹壬ֻλǧĴڣҪ»ǰ˹Կ
ôǧ磬˹Щġ
ΰǿߣͬһεǿߣӵͬȶԻʸ񡣲ǵĿľҪһϢ֮أǵĳԱҲ࣬ҲֻϰλѡֻҪԸǽǧ磬ԸǷյе鱨ойԴ֮ŵ鱨
˹׳˵һеķȻһǧ廹õģǰ˹Ҳսˡ
ĻýЦһЩʲôһЩ翵鱨ȡһǧ磬𣿺ߣҵĴ£ǿɲ
Ҳ׷׵ͷңǲ޴𿴰˹ֻϰλ˭֪ǷΣһǿڶʱڣأ
ֻߣǧվ˽ŸǶţǽ޾鷳뵱ħսʤħŶǧ硣ǿɲصħĸޡ
Ҫô뿪Ҫôսѡ񣡡
ûԥն˵ûʲôÿģҪôӴӴҪôս
ꣿǸͲܡ


1782 մս
һЩ˹壬һߣԵúܷŭݺգη
ЩƿߣȴͲӡ
ҪôսҪôˣѡȨڰ˹ϡ
ƿߣñʲôסǧ磿
˹嶯ˣŰ˹һ£ʱа˹嶼ŭţǳ
λ˹ףֱӳǧȥȻҪסλǧȻ˹壬ֻλǧǿߣȴƺη壬һսⰺȻƺǾսʿ
䣡
ǧҲˣޱȵһ֣ƺҪնɱ˹סǺ߶ս߱žԵá
λǧնɱ˹ףôЩͲʲôʱԵƽ
ˣؼλ˹ס
ǧսεȿֲַҲǵһοǧսǼ򵥵ǧ硰ˡ
ǳļ򵥣ȴ̺Ų֮ǧǧ磬εȿֲһ֮£ڳеĽᱻȫ𡣾ôԵֲѾʮٱܹݵˣѾʱ䡣
ǧǿ˹ȴǿԵǧǶ֣λǧֻ˹׿⣬ƽɫ
ѹֶ˵ԵǳֲֻѲ̶ȷǳ£ѱɱսһʱͷֲʤͨ˹˽ٽǵսп𵽾Եá
ֻǣһӴַ֪һΣΣˡϰͷԵȰ˽ٽҪǿ
ַλ˽ٽܹѹƶֶ⣬ߣԱѹơҲֻǿСǧԣԼСǧ籾ԴֲܡϣЩ˹ȴռžԵƣ˹Χһλ˽ٽ
һǵƾ᧿ΣˡȻʱڣ϶£Сǧ籾ԴǼѱɱĻҲڶˡǵѲ̶ȣҲһ
ʱһɾͲһˣʱһʲôⶼпܷ
ңǿŲܣЩ˹ܵз֮ʹλЩ
ַҲܵͷĹ
ЩǿǳֲȻûֶΣͿЩѾռһϯ֮ˡ
ַ˵ﻹЩƾСǧҲֻǣҪ뿿ڵնɱҲʵ
ǣʩչʱ֮
ʱճӣַҪһնɱͬ˽ٽĴڣϣҪǿַĸҲܴ
ȻַСǧһЩ⡣
ֻҵĴս֮УԲнһʱ򣬱˹룬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ʱճӣһסͷһʱ
ַһ뵽ʱ
ʱкܴĿǴ˵Դ֮ıȻַ࣬ʱճ֮ôʱ䣬ַһֱ˺
ʱܲסͷַҲûоԵİգȴһԡ
ʱ
ַһӣʱʱʱճӵУһԾӭͳ޴󣬾ͷ·һͷ䳲һ
Ƿ䳲
ԣ䳲ϤǾǷ䳲
䳲ʧô˻У
ѵ䳲һˣ
°˾Ųʮˣ䳲ȻһⱦһΣȻûз֡
˽ٽǶĿɿڴ󲿷ְ˽ٽʵ䳲ΪԴᣬΪǧʮ֮׵ķ䳲ô᲻ȥһ
Ȼ䳲˵Ƕ߽ٽΣգʵϣ˽ٽ϶ֻǣҲǷ䳲ûƿص֮¡
ƿˣһ
¡
ַʩչʱʱͬ䳲һʱ㳯ͷݺݵ¡
׷ŭƺǶе˾޴вֶֻޱȴִ󣬳ݺݵĳʱƶȥϣԴֱֵӽʱ顣
ֻϧʱεȼ̣
Ͳܰ˹Ĵ֣ɺֱͣ˲㽫ͷ뵽ʱ֮С


1783 ʱ壡
ѹˣ
ͷﱻֱӾʱ֮Уַ΢΢һ㶡ôףͷ뵽ʱ֮Уһ˻ûУôˡ
ô£
䳲ѹͷ
ǿֲôһⱦǧôʱ䣬Ȼûκ˷֣ȴõˡ
Ҳã֣ԸЩɾ׶ˣⳡս˵ʤ
˽ٽǣַʱҲ뿴ܲѹЩû뵽ʱȻôɾѹ
ʵϣַҲʱжǿ
ǣֳһʶв鿴ͷ֣ͷֱӾͱѺʱеռ䡣
Щռ֮УпµĹޡЩޣ߽ٽž޴в߽ٽЩĿռ֮С
Ȼ˽ٽؼЩޣӵвԣԶҲ޷ɱ
ңַһܹռĹޣŲƵһռ֮УһΧͷ
ʱһҲܲסΧ
ˣ
ַһݣһͷųư˹壬ַҲɱʱѹ󣬼̵ܶʱڣѾˡ
ַ֪Ⲣǹؼؼǣƿʱ֮ʱʱ֮ҪѳЩռ䣬ܡ
ʱµľѹ֮ǹѺһǿ󵽼ĴڣˣҲ˽ٵĴܹѵġ
ңѹ˹壬ַ˵ȴûκθʱҲûκθ
Σ
ַ岻緢֪ʱĲЩ꣬Ԫʱ䣬ʱճӵʱ
ڣʱչġâһѹ˹壡
⻹ԶԶûн
ַʱ֮һֱͷͷһӣʱֱѹ¡
ͷѾ㹻СˣҪһʱߡֻϧʱһѹ£һɽ֮ʱս֮Ҳѡ
ܿ죬ͷﱻַʱ֮УԭʱͷѾַĿ԰£׷䡣
𡢾ʮ𡭡
뾡˰취ȴ޷ַֹ壬޷ֹʱǸûпʱֶκͰ취
ʱЩ˵޽Ĵڡ
ֻſʼӣ˹壬ӢսսʿսⰺȻһСʱָ޷⣬ȫ޷ԿרſǵıҲ־塣
ң˹ʧ
ַʱƿԽԽ󣬲ҲӵĵӦַ֣塰ѹ˹ٶҲӿࡣ
ʮʮ𡢶ʮһ𡢶ʮ𡭡
תۼ䣬˹Ѿʧ֮һʮǿİ˹屻ַʱѹ
ؼǣѹôİ˹壬ַʱȴûκεı仯ͷ·޵׶һ
һЩ˹忪ʼ־ˣãսȥǾͻᱻַʱһ򾡡
ɵĽ
գ˹סˡ
˹ʧأֱǧǣƣʱ治֣Ǿûлˡ
ǣ˹ףƴܵشǧشҲҪսһ޴Ĵ֣ϯֱӳַ
ַԶԶľѾֲܵƣıУСǧԵֵסһ֮£ͻữΪ촷ۡ
ಣ
ַʱ֮ʱ֮һ˲ѾʧӰ٣ǧĹ䵽˿մ
ʲô
˹һַȻ׾پͶ㿪ˣĹá
ĶǱ
Ҳ˹̾ס˰˹ס
ѾתǧַսȻȫסս֡ǣס˹ס
ַ崴õĻᡣַҲʱһһѹնɱЩ㳬ʮͷ
ǣ˴룬Ҳ̲סױʼ׷׵ַҲû׷ɱ֪ʵЩ˹岻ʲôٶҲ޼¡
ؼ˹ףǧǿַ嶼ýСġϾԵѹǧ
ҲλǧȰ˹׶һλǿ⣬·硣Ļһսʤ븺ĺ˵
ο˹嶼նɱֻҪ˹׻ڣô˹Ͳʧܡ
ƿߣǻģǱסǧ硭
գ˹Ҳڷˣսܿʣµİ˹ԶԶıܿǧ硣


1784 ߣ
ˣ
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݡЩѹҲܴ˹ףٴС
λǧ֣ƺռٱˡ
ڣЩڻˣȻֻʱģվǶȹһѹء
˶֪һεĴ󹦳˭
ʱЩĻһοǧɾ鷳ˡ
֮ʡһַĹ͵ȷܴȻҲ῿ǧ磬ǧ磬ûһôΣա
ûַʱڳİ˽ٽסЩʱ򣬳λǧ⣬нǧ磬鷳
λ£һǿֻʱȥɣ
ǵȷֻʱȥ
պǾô죿
õģҲûҵʱİ취֮ǰûѹǵʵ֮ǰǲˡ
ַ˵ͷԷġ
ˣλԷǧˣҪȻ֪ͨǡ
ǣڶ˽ٽ׷뿪ˣַû뿪һЩɻҪλǧѯʡ
ɻʲôʣ
ַ˵ͷλư˹ĺܶ𣿡
ܶ࣬ǧô꣬Իһֱİȣʵϣʵ̫̫Ҳ̫ˡȻȷкܶ࣬лҪִܹ࣬ǧ磬߷ǧȴֻкһϾǧҲֻǺк۵ɳˡ
̾˵
ǧ޵еĴڣ۷ǿߣʵϣǧԼȴں嫵գ˵λǧĲʲô
ȻҲǿе۷ˣֻ۷еһСȺ۷֮ϣиӿֲԿհĴڡ
λ£ǧʵٶһ˽ɣλֵģ˵ûʲô绮֣
ַʵ
绮֣ʵҾ綼һǧͲǶˡͬǧ磬ʵȴǿ֮֡ңҲȷʵֵһЩƺţʵ̫㷺ʵҲһƺŹҹϾпܵõһ˵ʵ
϶ͬǧεΪߣָյݺᴳȻȻ䣬ټԱȽǿߵĻֺܼ򵥣ʵǿΪͨߡߵߡ۷ߡԼհ
ͨߣϾǸոɱ䣬ƿҪСǧɱǧ磬ĳЩɱ䡣֮ҪΪߣǶɱСһɱ䣬ϾͨߣȻ΢һ˳ΪߵߡٺһЩһЩһЩ츳ӵĳЩֶΣҲܳΪ۷ߡ
ˣֻҪɱΪߣֻҪ䣬Ϊ۷ߵĻᶼܴ󡣵߾ͲһˣǵֻԵַǳֲֶΣĽ޿ɽлΪߡ۴ڣںն൱ټ󡣡
հյİ޵СѾǻԵôˣգֻܵȼλţֻЩհлԴ֮ţлԴ֮硣
ַϸĽͣҲΪ£ͷ·ΪַƿһȫµĴš
ԭΪǧ֮󣬾ǽǧԴ֮磬û뵽ǧ磬ʵôأôʵһó̡
ߣԭǧҲΪߡ
Ϊеǿߣɱ󣬶ҵԴ֮磬Уˣֻں嫵Ѱҡ
֮Ϊߣв
ǧʵҲյУֻÿһΣǶһλǧǧ硣
Ͼǧǵĸ
Դ֮ţյУԴ֮𣿡
ַš
֪յУһֱԴ֮ŵĴ˵ȴһֱûгֹֹ߳ȴ֪Դ֮ߴǧĴҲû˸ҿ϶ôǶãˣһֱ˷䳲ʯݣǲżԴ֮Ĵڣ
ȷܼᶨǰԪǶ壬ڻɣڣѾܼᶨˣԴ֮һڡ
ڵֻһҵԴ֮磿


1785 ϧһдۣ
Դ֮絽˭Ҳ֪հҲβѰţˣʵ̫ңԶˣ̫⡣
Ȱ˵
ʵϣЩûбҪַ˵ַʲôֻ˽ٽûгΪǧҲ˵Ϊߣһѹأܲһ
֪յкã
ַˣѾַ֤ӳ̶ȣԶİ˽ٽ
ˣո˹ףʲôʵߣ
ǣǸߵ߰ˣʱۻֻͨǿһЩˣ൱ˣʵҲڸߵߡֻǽĹһ㣬ǿҲǸɫ
ַ˵ͷλǧʵʵҲ̫ǿҲռƵ֮£ֻǿסλ˹ˡ
İɣôԪеΣգһһ⡣һλ۷ߣĻǻܱסǧİ
ĵҲšʵλǧҲôţ֮ڰ˽ٽĲϣ԰˽ٽ֧֣ʵ뵮ǧüǵѹΣʱΪ
ֻǣôԪҲֻλǧе壬ʵѾ൱ˡ
˹ôǿս壬Ҳֻǵλ߰ˡ
ڲõôֻ࣬ҪȡȹھŴμԪ٣ɱΪǧôȻػǧˡ
Ϊǧ̸ףʵϣһСǧɱĸûС
ַ忴λǧһֹۣ
ϣΪǧλǧϼһȻһѣһ֮ǵɱʱľ飬ᴫڸ㡭
Ļַоϲ
ġƸһսﲻһֱôƺˡ
ֻǣǧҲ⣬ַܹΪλǧַǱϣһΪǧ۷ߡߣҲǲܡ
ΪѰԴ֮磬Ϊػǧ磬ǧϣܵࡢǿǧ
ַ壬ǧǱǿİ˽ٽ

յУ˹壬߮ǧԶľ룬Զߵ߶޷Ӧľ롣
˹λףкܲ൱ŭǵ磬˹ڲ֮Ķ飬һλס
Ļηǿĸߵߣǿռǧ綼ûа취
һսǻܿ䡣ϰλ˹壬ֻʣʮλνԪˣʧء
ЩƿУλߵߣȻʵ㲻ϺǿѲҲնɱˣҲǣƣΨһλӵһŹֱƿߣߣ֮£޵Сǰ˹κһλߣǶ֡½ҲһˣǱ취
˹λףҲŰ취
ǲˣ˶ΣգǺǿ󣬵ʵϣ˵ĹУٵΣա
һλ۷ߡ
λ۷ߣûһƽϣ˼Ҳһλ۷ߵĶ֣Ѿˡ
취ʲô취
ҪȻǴɱӵⱦƿߡһɱܳƿؾƣǧҲܿ⡣
ôһ취
У˵ܴܲɱҪɱˣߵڣǾԶƿؾơκβǣͬʵҲκβǣλߵߣһƻ׽ǧ飬ѵͬھ˭Ҳòǧǻˣ
ҡҡͷְ취СһΣƺַΪ˹ؼ˰˹壬ʵأ
Ĺؼǣ˹λף޷λǧֻҪλǧڣô˹ûа취ȵռǧ硣
һλǧʥĻδûϣնɱֻҪնɱһλͬİ취նɱڶλʣµһλǲһдۣѵܽ
һλף˽顣
ʥʥǰ˹еʥ۷ߣ֮ʥѾûжٴζõʱˣʧܣ롣
Ҫһԡ
ȻˣǾа˹嶼ɣϵ˹嶼ʸ
ǣλ׽ð˹ʥ뷨ʣµļʮ˹˵ûκ谭ȫͬ⶯ʥ
˹ȫԱѾˡ
ںòҵһǧ磬ΪˣԸⲻϧһдۣ


1786 ʱ
ַѾǧĻһǰգջࡣǧԼյ
ԭеĶ㣬ǧô򵥣ΪǧҲ޷ǣԶǧΣա
ǧ磬ܰȡƽյУ߶޷֤Եİȫ
λǧ֮ôַ壬ʵҲֻΪַǱ޴󡣻һҪԭǾַʱ֮Ҹޱȵʵ
һַɱ䣬Ϊ˵λǧ磬ǺпʵõʵһԾΪߵߣλǧǿ
ߵĻ֣ǾϵĻֻ֣ʵĻ֡Уǿһɱ䣬ʵͿߵ۷
һжɱǰĻۡ
ĻҪһһĻۣͨһֱߵ۷ķѵʱ̫ˡ
ǧһǱֻͨΪǧֺķʱ䣬ųΪߵǱͬߵǾЩˡ
û۷סһǧ硣
ˣô꣬ǧŻôż
ַǰ˽ٽҲǧɱʱġ顱ˣ˵ַϣΪǧλǧˣΪ
֪СǧɱǧĹַ̺巴żˣоڵ򡢻ۣҪ볹ɱ䣬»һľ롣
ˣ֪ʱЩôˣ
ַһɱɲһͷͷʮͷȫ˽ٽܹںյг;棬ߣǧĶ򵥡
ţ
ַʶ뵽ʱһЩ˹壬ʮͷȻֻʣ
˹壬ҶڹӲдţʱеĹĥЩģЩǿҲ޿κΡ
Ѿʮͷﱻˡ
ףôоĹޣƺĸǿˣʱһЩ仯
ַһһĸо
ڿʼƿʱֻҪʱһı仯ʵܹڣͲһЩ֮
ʱƺһЩ˵ı仯ȻЩ仯ǳźõķ򣬱磬ַܸоʱĸǿˡ
ǿʱպˣǿ϶ֵܹĸáַǺķ˺ܳʱ䣬ʱճʱĸǿ
ڣȴֻɱһЩȻʱĸǿ
ַһЩ²⣬ҿ϶ǣֱ˿ռ֮Уڿռ֮Уһͷڿ
𡭡
ַֺͷŭһƺԵʮֵķŭҲɷŭΪַ壬ѹʱ֮Уʹࡣ
ַһ֣ûиͷᣬʩչСǧ磬ݺһҡ
¡
Ѿǿ֮ĩһӾͱҵĿȫǣΪ촷ۣ䡣һɲǣַһص˲뵽˿ռ֮Уͷ޵ڡ
ʱͷޱĸǿϢӿֲȻʵһ󲿷ֵ뵽ʱ֮УԭʱеЩԵˣַʱճ޼¡
ڷ֣Ȼܹ޸ʱˣֱδţַϲ⡣
ѵʱֻѹô򵥣ܹתѹΪУʱ
ַֽͷ綼նɱϸĹ۲죬ֹȻˡķȺССնɱʮͷͷҲ޸ʱֻ˽ٽǸһأ
һߣͱȵͷ˹ˡ
гһգַضܹ޸ʱǸʱʱ
֮ϲ
ַԴк󣬾ͺʹñһʹãǱضǳֲȻʱˣʱַţҲױɱ
ֻǣ֪ʱܹǿ̶ֳȣϾҲиߵǿ֮֡
ַȥһЩ飬ٵСǧ統УɱһЩСǧеֻǣʱӰ΢΢ûκӰ졣
Ҳֻ߽ϵĽôһӰ졣
ַҲʱıʣֻǣʱܲѹߣͨߣַҲұ֤


1787 ʥ
ȷҪȥСǧ磿
ʵ
Сǧ磬ЩŹ֣ƺһЩڸεҲ޶ãΪСǧһʵء
ǧǣżҲСǧ統ʵ飬ǵʵ̫ˣֱ޾ҵ£»ġ
ȥȥͻأ¡
һЩģ֮ǰЩ˹Ҳû뿪Сһ㣬п塣
壿ȷܣǧóĲǱȻЩ˹׵Ķ֣ΧһҪնɱңҲܡ
Ҳ˵ͷ̫Դˣǽڱ棬ȷжơɲǵܲ⣬Լġ
ԼλǧʵָΣգǿĶ֣Χ
кüζһߣƫƫӳ졣
׷ףǽϵı̫ǿˣˣҲѲĴ֮һǺǿҪնɱǳѣʵǾ߱ѹܡɱĻӣҲΪ
ˣȥˡ
һӰѾʧ

ಣ
յС
ףû⡣
һ۱ӵСǧ磬ûκ⣬׼ϸ鿴һʱȻļµĸо
ˣ
ûκԥõǧһĸоǾ;ԲǿѨ硣
ˣһʱˣֻǣҲѾЩˡ
ȻˣǾͲˣ
һϤ˹ףλߵߣһǰһ󣬽Χס
ңһɵĹâƺֽ֮ڸӣʵҲѡ
鷳ˡ
һʱ䣬ʹѶҲ֪ܲôϹǸδ֪
ߣô׼¾Ϊ
ɱңǿ֪ͬߣϵıԶԶǵ󣡡
Ҳ׼λ˹״սϸֳǧ磬ڵСǧ籾ԴҲ顣
ȻѾǧ磬Сǧ籾ԴԸָǧˣŲСáǧûСǧ籾Դ
οǧĻָͿֲ˼㣬ԶԶһߵ
ɱ
ûκԥߴһϵһֻֻ֡һǰһ󣬽ǧ磬ݺݵİס

Ǹߵߣʣ۹ȷǰ˹ҪԶԶǿڽ˹ףֻ֣֡ݺݵġСǧ硣
ʱǧ綼ܵҵ𶯣һӶ˾޴ѷ죬飬ͬ֩Ƶġ
Ҳ˶ѣǧ磬գۼѾָˡûжСǧ籾ԴֻǧĻָܹ׵ֵز
˹׷ĹţȴӦԣûл֣ôƾ˹׹Ͳ塣
ϴβһһǧҪֹ˹ףˣǧֻȻֻǿ˹ס
˹һֱڹڷǾûκˡ˵˹ΧˣʵҲһκβ
λףҲˣɱǻԶ
Цһϵôͱ񣬺ܱȵϡ
ôЩȻܲһ㣬ʲôǿҪɱǣ̫ˡҲҪܳʱ䣬֪Ѿ֪ͨĽԣսپˡΪûԸǣ
˹һâһ̣Ѿ¶˾ģеʥ
ʥУ
˹׶ͬƺʩչĳЩصطţһ׹׹⵱Уɢž˵ķϢȻҲܵвһв
ǡ
۾Ķ׹⡣ͷëȻּΣյĸо
ˣ
׹Уһ֧ìһ֧ЩСɣȴɢʥâ
ǰ˹ʥ˹֮ì


1788 䣬ΣڵϦ
ʥ
Ű˹֮ìΪһ⣬һգۣѾǰȻûκεֵĴʩ
ΨһĴʩǷĵǧ磬ϣǿǧıݡֻǣڰ˹֮ì£ȴôĴ
ͣ
˹֮ì׾پʹǧ磬ͬʱǧ֮ڣ˹֮ìһ˲䱬׹⣬ÿһ߱ſֲĴ

овһ̣ǧ类˺ѣдСǧ籾Դ޷ֹ˹֮ì˺ǧ硣
Ϣ
Σʱ̣֪ΣѡˣĻĻ䡣ǧֻǺѱնɱ޷նɱ

һŭ޷ֵ˹֮ìٶСǧ籾ԴûãȴѡԱ󲿷ֵǧ硣
ҲһѵѡԱǧ磬пܻᵼصĺǧʱѾûѡ
Ψһİ취
¡
һŭǧ翪ʼըǧ翪ʼһֲķʽ˲
ǧıըͱû˰˹֮ì°˹֮ì޷ǧ˺Ƭ
һ̣һѾʧӰ١
ûɱߵߣˡ
Ӳˣ˵ˣʥһѾ״ݻĺοԱ˭ҲȲֻʹһʥʥеĴʥﻹٳΣǰ˹ĸ
λ˹ײûжôĸˣʥʹһΣǾͻһεġ˹ġ
񣬻ܶʥĴѾָ򲻵ѣǶʹáֻǣҲûѡҪռǧ磬͵Ȼǧߡ
һΣ䲻Ƚһߣʣߣ˷ʩչʥĻǽߣǲġ
߰ɣȥǧˣ
ǣλ˹ףټʣµİ˹壬ٴγǧ翿

¡
ǧ磬һɿֲĻϢǧ硣ɻϢ֮ǿֱľսǰ˽ٽѹĳ
ǹɻϢǰ˽ٽĵĸо
ô£
ôôֲĻϢ
񡭡ǴĹġ

һЩ˽ٽһǿλǧǧףһλǧ⣬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ǣ˽ٽȥһ
Щ˽ٽУҲַ塣
ַأϵʱҲѾ˽ٽϵˣĹ⣬סûеõ׿ϣ˶š
ǰ˽ٽҲС
ɡ
ȻӹڴһϤһϲ漴̤뵽˹֮С
ڴ֮ϣڶ˽ٽҲĻýԼգ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ʱϢ޷ٿסˣǧ磬ÿʱÿ̶ڱĻý˳Ҳ޷ֹǧı
ôôصƣ
˭ܽ
⡭ѵ䣿
ܣԲܣǧ߸ϣôܻ䣿
⸱ӣ˽ٽò˼顣Ƕ䣬ʲô˼һ
ǧԴӵ֮𣬾޵С㡢ĴڡڶǧͲ䡣
ʵϣǧҲ䡣
ַͺǧҲֻ߰ˣǿߣֻǸߵߡ
ں˵ߵˣ۷߶һա
֮أȻǱѰ
λ£˭˳Ī
ַʵһʱ뵽ǿش
ַһۣг⣺Щ˹͵ϮòԱǧ磬˻ֻϧ̫أǧѾǲġ
Ļ£һӰ
˹壬ȺȻû뿪Ƕǧ绢͵Ϯˡ
һ䣬ֻʣλǧʣȺ˹ͽռݾԵϷ硣
ǧ磬ӭв
û취𣿡
ַʵ
ûУǧѾˡ
ҲܱˣɫѿȴΪ
һʱ䣬˶Ǻ䣬ǧɶô޴ĳ
ҿһԡ
Ȼַ̧ͷޱȼᶨ
ৣ
һ˲䣬˵Ŀⶼַ壬ַϡ


1789 תʱգ
а취
¶һ˿ŵɻ֮ɫȻַܿ壬Ҳֻǽַ嵱ǧӰˡ
ڣܵشַȣ
ɻ󣬿˶ɻ
һĿⶼַ壬ַ֪ʲô취
ֻ˵һԡ
ַûж˵Ǿֱ
ڵΣڵϦ˵ַоԵİգҲܡ
ַֻܾȥһԡ
ַǰһַ壬Ц˵㾡ʩչ۳벻ɣҵ
ַ˵ͷڸѹ
ϾǲɣΪ˶ǣַ壬ǿɲһС¡
Ҫ׼ʲô
Ҳʵ
Ҫ׼û´°˹Ѿǧˣˣץʱ䡣
ַĻһ
ȷ˹͵ϮΪȽȻܸõռǧ磿ڶ԰˹˵ǧѷĻᡣ
㲻Ҫҡ
ַ尲
ʱַҲֻһְ취Ǿʱ֮Ҫתʱգȶסƣǳתʱַͳܲסĸɡ
ֻתһʱգǧ粻ټͲ䣬պַָãһϣġ
ʱճӣ
ַȵ
ʱһ޴ĳӣب֮Сͬʱʱճһֶ£ַС
ʱճסǧַһСǧ磬һɲǣ·оҪһ
ʵ̫ˣ
ôΣգҲһλǧַҪʱճӣʱյˣеĸɲ֪ء
ַҲжԲߣ׼˴Сǧ籾ԴңֻҪȹǧ磬ʹǧ粻ڱ
治Уڰǧ磬ҲڰַԼ
ʱת
ַһȣʱʱճӵеʱ֮ʼתʱա
ˣ
ַСǧ磬ҵСǧ籾Դš
һݡʮݡʮݡ
ַûֻһСʱ䣬ȻôСǧ籾ԴСǧûбһ漣ˡ
˶ڶַ壬ַġ취Ҳ˽ˡ
ʱתܳ
ǰ˽ٽʵʱ֮Ҳô˽⡣
ǧʱ֮Ҳһ֪⣬ۿַʩչʱճӣʼʱתҲһѵõĻᡣ
˵򣬾СҲһĿܡˣʣµλǧĿתĶַ塣
꣡
ַʱתתʱաʱ䣬һ̣ͬתĳ֣һӿǣҿʼˡ
½ֻһĵˣеޱȵ٣ǧ֮ѾֹͣˣֲıҲѾױת
ʱ֮𣿹Ȼ档
ʱ֮֮סеյ㣬ڳʱգֻǣҪʱ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ˣû뵽Ȼܹתһλǧʱգǡ˼飡
Ҳ٣ǧûٱˣֻҪûбٴպҲĻָ
ַһתʱգ˶¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
գ
ַתʱսֻһ˲£ֻҪֹסǧıǾ
ʵҲȷˣַתʱգǧ֮ƾͳֹͣ˲أպĻָ䡣
Ƿһ
۾˿ַ֣ص˵
仰λǧԺ󶼲ַôˡַ֮ʲô
û¾ͺá
ַɫ԰ףʵãֻĵСǧ籾ԴһЩһὫַĸ㡣
ǧ˵һЩСǧ籾ԴͲʲô
ô£ô˵ôأ
ղҲûѯʡƺתȻѯˡ
֮ǰȺ˹壬ֻǺǧս൱ô֣Ͳɱ
϶Ρ
һЩ˹׳֮Ϊʥ
ʥ
ԣʥҪȳңȻֶԸǡ
䣬ɫ͵һ䣬̧ͷյС
Ѿˣ


1790 ǧҲƴˣ
ʲôѾˣ
ڣнһû뵽Щô죬б
ҪСȺʥһҪСģ
ٴγѵһȻȶסǧ粻ٱʱҲָܻˣûжս޷һεս
ĳ˵˹ıʵѾóˣǳɹǧһλߵս
߰ɣҲҪסȺа˽ٽһȥӭУ
а˽ٽյ˴ѶǣѸٵĳշȥ
ܿ죬Ѿİ˽ٽԴǰҲء
ǵǰ˹Ѿϵˡ
˹ףֻĻýûгֺ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǹȻһλߵߡƻɹǳ׽λߵˡֻҪǣǧֿɵã
ǰ˹Ѿ˺ܳʱˣһҵһǧ磬Ҳܷ
˹ҲܣȻҲһЩߡ
ţǸӵжǰ˹кܴвǣߵߣӦûɣ
û⣬ȥӵж֮ٺߵߡ
˺ܿ˾ûнַǣַӡ̡
ϰͨ壬أֻʣ˼ʮⶼַƾŶɱôԱȻõյٶݡ
ɱ
û˿ԥ˹ףȻֿˡһףסĻýһףȻֱַ塣
ãĿǻ
һȻַҪԡֻҪ˹ͨԱնɱ㻹а˹ףΣ
˶ûˣռһǧ磬ã
Ҳ˹׻طһЩ˹塣ٽЩ˹ͨԱնɱҲܼ԰˹׵ΧУһá
ڣ˹׾ȻҪȶԸַ壬Ǿ鷳ˡַ岻ӵжʵǿ󣬶һǧӣʧ
һ̣ƴˡ
䣡
һѸٵĻΪһöأӴ˼ľþڱƬգ·˶˾ӰС
Ǿڱεĵطյжס
ǿʱҲ
ǧһùǧгɵΪ˵һλǧ
Ļýʵٿʩչֻе֮ʣŻʩչ
ʩչʵȷǿ

һŭȣ֦գһλ˹ףҪԸַ壬ֱôִ֦ݺݵĳ˻
ңɲ֦̺ͨǧ֮ǧͻھÿһƬҶӡÿһ֦
ǻ԰˽ٽǶ֣й޳ܵģȻѾȫԸǱҲȥˡĻ磡
ĻýˣһΣҲûκαʩչĻ硣
ĻýΪĻáʵǿľһʩչǧеĺǾҲǿ
ʵǳΣաԽ뵽Уһֱȥٲ
˵ǿôĻýͻܵɣӶܵش³϶١
ˣ򲻵ѣûоԵİգĻýᶯĻ硣ʱ̣ܵش޷սҲ¶ѾƴˣĻýٲҴţǿɾ鷳ˡ
λǧطǰδеʣµİ˽ٽǣһҲޱȵܣĳЩ˹ɱȥ
һΣ˽ٽҪռϷ磬ңַҲǺ֣߳ûκԥֱӾʩչʱ
ʱһһ뵽ʱַ͵һʱ佫նɱ
һ𡭡
ַնɱİ˹ԽԽ࣬ʱҲԽԽǿûַҪѸٵǿʵ
ղһλ˹ףַ壬ܵв
ͳͳ
˹ױףȫû뵽УϡƽǧȻ˿ֲȫƴˡ
ʥ
ʱ򣬰˹Ҳԥ̶˰˹ʥ


1791 ʱʥ
ʥ
һ
ѾֹһѣһҪСİ˹ʥǱ˹ʥŪˣˡ
ˣڰ˹׶ʥһ̣̾
ֻǣʥ֮ʥΪǿ˷ֵܵġ
ݣ
ʥﻯΪһ׹⣬ǰ˹֮ìʱϢƬգûб˹֮ìַ壬оһļ¡
ʥ˹ʥ
ã
һʱ䣬֦Ĳֲǧ֮ǺƺƵһϡ
ֻǣڰ˹֮ìǰʲô
ͣ
ûκ赲˹֮ìƿǧ֮ϣȻ赲һ°˹֮ìȥƣֻ赲һ㡣
ĵڶϣҲǾһ֦ͲʲôȻǿǿڰ˹֮ì£Ҳ˲䶴
һ
ʹ֪ʵѾ˵˸赲ס˰˹֮ìܴɼǰ
ڣ˹֮ìݺݵĴǧݡ
꣡
ǧݣһϣҲĸŰ˹֮ìʣµݺݵǧ֮ϡ
ǧϣʼһ˿˿ƣѸٵӣƺʱ
һͽش
⻹ʵʵλǧУۺǿģǷǧǿû֮һ
ǷǿŰ˹ʥҲ޿κΡֻ赲סһΣ赲һΣҲܵش
ȻûôأҲʧȥս
һΣҲˡ
ףȻסˣܵסҲΣڵϦǿ֮ĩɣοܵסܵס𣿡
˹׵ĿĻý
Ļýǿķ͵ֵס˹ʥһ֮£ܱҪпܵ䡣
ˣ
˹֮ì˲佫ϢĻýϡ

˲䣬˹֮ìΪһ⣬һţգۼѾĻýǰ
ĻýĿǰһ˹׾ұסû赲˹֮ì
ĻýȫʢʱڣӵаٷְٵҲֵס˹֮ìοڣ
һʱ䣬ĻýҲܵϢӰĻý
Ъ˹ҪĻýֻϧǧҲѾܵش޷Ļý
ܣҲܸ֪ʵ˹֮ìò˼ˣ̺һαһ١
ǰǣֵס˹֮ì
ֵס˭ֵܵס˹֮ì
¡
Ȼ֮䣬һɿֲʱ֣֮ţһ䳲Ƶı˲併٣Ļýǰ
˹֮ìû񶴴ǧǧ䳲Ǻݺݵײ˷䳲֮ϡ
ʱ䳲ҵţʱ֮ҡ
Ƿ䳲
ס˰˹ʥһ
ǿǧȫһǿϾԼĻýס˹֮ìһ
Ҳ׷׷Ӧ˹ǿǷ䳲䳲ˣǻ
˭뵽ĻȻ˵ĵǣֱ˹׵ȫһʩչʥȫһ
һַ岢ܡܵ˾ҵĳ
֪ĻýסҲʧȥսʱĻǧҲˡ
ַյˣͱ취ͱƴ赲˹׵һ
ʱ֮
ַͲҶãǧĿֲߣַ嶯ʱ֮µһʱСǧͻܲסɶֱӱ
ʱճӶ⣬ĿǰַǿֶΣҲֻʱҲǷ䳲ˣ
ʱһܹɳĶжǿַ岢
һεսնɱЩǿİ˹Աʮֵɣֱѹûκս
ˣַĲʱжǿ
ֱڣַҲȴ֪ڱƴˣʱܲ赲˹֮ìȥһԡ
һ֮£ϲˡס˰˹֮ì˵ʱ˰˹֮ìס˸ߵߵȫһ
ʱַиǿ
һַ̣һƿʱһͺȵգ
ˣ
ʱеʱ֮˲ס˰˹֮ìȻ͵һҪ˹֮ì뵽ʱѹ


1792 ѹ˹ף
򣡡
ַ߶ʱ£ʱһɿµ˲ס˰˹֮ìҪ˹֮ì뵽С
ַʩչʱЩ˹壬ûκηֱ֮Ӿͱ뵽ʱС
ΨһΣ԰˹֮ìƺʱһʧȥá˵Ҳȫ˵ʧȥã˹֮ìȻʱ֣ûб뵽ʱ֮С
ַԺͷ˹֮ì԰˹ζʲôһʧȥ˰˹֮ì㻹˹ףʵҲκβǧ
ǣַټһѾ
ʱճӣѹ
յУʱֳһ޴ĳӡһ֣͵ĳŰ˹֮ìݺһ
䣡
ַһСǧͱһ˹֮ìĸʵ̫ˣһͱ
Ҳȫûã෴ûܴ
ڰ˹֮ìʱͽͲһֵַֽܹʱճһ֣ʹ˽֣ƽ⡣
ʱܵʱճӵļӳ֣Ǻݺһڽ˹֮ì뵽ʱ֮С
һʱʱڵؿռѹǰ˹֮ìҲʲôˡ
ʥﲻʧ
˹ʱҲ˹Ļýԭ١ղѾ˹˹֮ìȻַսʱ֮С
ǣ˹׳׷ˣһӰĻý˲ַǰֲ˲䱬
Ǹߵߵȫһֲ
ûн٣ַСǧ磬ȻֺҪĸо٣ַСǧɲֻǷôˡ
ʱûַ塣λǧǣƣûзӦ˭ڸղַȡ˹֮ìһĻС
˭뵽˹ô췴Ӧˣ
һȫһһλߵߵȫһεȿֲ㷴ӦĻҲѡ
ʱַֻܿԼֵ
ַ忿ʲôֵ
Σʱַ̣תʱ֮ҲҪһʱ䣬ôһʱ䣬;ַ޷ߡ
Ȼ޷ߣǾֻӲ
ߵΣ
ַһҧʱҲ˺ݡ
ʱ򣡡
ˣ
ֱַӶʱʱҲֻʱˡ
Ĳ²⣬ʱԴ֮統У˲أôַҲʱճôʱ䡣
һѹôİ˹壬ǽʱָһЩ
Դ֮רѹһЩǿĴڣôߵߣԴ֮ʲôڵʱδѹ
¡
ַ巢˺ݣ˹׾͵ùˡûʲôս
ǵģսս
ʱųһɿֲϢڳˣǧ˽ٽܵսƺʱʲôµ·һ
µûзʱ·һ޴УУ˲һ˰˹׵һ
һа˹ףҲ޴һ˽ȥʧӰ١
ʲô
һĻ˶ˡ
ʲô
˹ףøߵߣͱʱˣ
ʲô
ʣһİ˹ףڴַʱѡҵȣͬϢʧ⣬ûеȵκζ
ıѹˣѾˣ
Ϊߵߣ˹ײţͬôˡҪ֪ǧһΧҲնɱͬ顣
ڣǼŹֵ˰˹֮ìͬ飬һõĸߵߡ
˹壬ֻʣ޼ļ˹Լһ˹ס
ټˣкã
ɱ
ʣµ˹ףƵıȫ
ƺƵֲַϯԶԶģַеսԶԶǸߵߵĶ֡
ʱ
˸ղŵ£ַʶʱԶԶǿô򵥣Զ
һʥһߵߣ˵ѹѹˡʱûκǺεȿ£
ˣһʱַʩչʱ
򣡡
ʱѾ죬޴󣬻ΪһУ·صݺݵĳŰ˹һ
ʱ˹׾͸оһԵֵĿֲϣҺݺһͽʱ֮С
һߵߣ뵽ʱѹ
ˣʣһЩ˹壬©֮㣬һ߶ûУǧնɱ
û⣿
ЩнĿ⣬ַǰʱм˷Щǡ


1793 ǧĴף
İɣʱǾͳˣ
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڸոգѾʶʱ鿴˹ףȻûʱĿռ֮УѾصѹ
ַרŵʱĽѹס޷ӳ
ˣڵǧ磬ܰȫ
ڿ΢ˡ
ζ˻򣬺롣
ʵĶַмǧĻûַλ˽ٽĶࡣһûַ壬һοǾͰˣ˹彫սǧ硣
ʱͿ̿Ҫǣǿܻ˴λǧܹ뿪ҲֻܳΪߣ޷ռǧ硣
ĽҪġ
ҺãַԼʱ
ֻǣһ뵽ʱĿַһ֪ۡʱǷ䳲û뵽䳲Ȼ˿µһ
ַֻǰ˽ٽ֮ѹߵߡַǧֻεǿ
ȻҲֻĽȥᡣһ£Υԭ
ʵϣǧ磬ΪƿϵҲΪͻƣΪǧɾߣӶռǧ硣ʹƿϵˣĵλǧǳ⡣
ҲΪַʵ
Ȼַֻǰ˽ٽǧвֵһᣬղַı֣ȴǰ˽ٽô򵥡
ʱһȻܹѹ˹ʥߵߡ
ֱ˸е˼顣
Ҳ˵ַȻѹߵߣôҲѹЩǧҲһЩе뷨Ҫԭ
ˣڵѾַ嵱ƽȵݡλԴһ˽ٽ
ʲôҪԾϷ򡣡
ַ崫ʹĻý뿪ˣһΣĻýҲܴûôء
Σˣ˽ٽҲɫӵĿַ塣ȴʲô쳣ľٶ෴Ƿǳġηַˡ
ܹѹǧĴڣѾЩ˽ٽͬһˡ
ֻǣַȴǧҪľǶȹھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧߡ
ĻھŴμԪͶȲȥᱻԪճɻҽȻҲ޷Ϊǧ
ˣڵַǧ硰ĴסЩΪʱ磬˵Щ顱٣ҲõȵַȹھŴμԪ٣ΪǧǸʱ򣬲ĵĴס
һսַǧĵλȴһأѾֻһλ˽ٽˡ

ַѵõİ
ַԸȥ˭ҲܴŵַݵλֻҪǧҲᡣ
ڣиҪ¡
ʱ
ַٳʱһʱ䣬ѾɽʱС
ַһ˹ڵĿռ䣬вĹޣֹһͷֻǣڰ˹׵£ȴͲʲôв˹ס
ϾҲõĸߵߡʱѹѹסһλߵߣ
ಣ
ֱַӽ˿ռ֮У˹ҲͣɫĿַ壬ֱַԺ𣺡˱򣬱⴦ռ䣬췭ظ
˹׻ʮֵӲ
һԡ
ַЦ˵
䣡
˹ȫһɹɿֲŰţռ䶼ҪַͲΪʱһ壬ֻҪûдʱҪѿռ䣿Ͳܡ
ǰʱǷ䳲ʱȻ߽ٽѳռ䣬ƿصԭ򣬶ҵʱʱܴء޷ֹЩ߽١˽ٽ
ڣ䳲Ѿָʱַʱճ˰Ԫʱ䡣ô˽ٽﱻɱ޸ʱ
ǸߵߣҪʱҲͲܡ
һܹʱԴ֮磬ı֮һˡϾں嫵յУµҪ뿿ű￹ߣǶǧˡ
˵ַ廹ֱѹߵߣֱδšյУҲûı
Ű˹׷Ľſռ䣬ַ忴޷ù
ֻǣַҲ취޷նɱ˹ףֻѹ
ʱҪַĻô˹ףַԺҲʲôˣһֱѹ
ҳΪǧնɱǣ
ַ֪ɱߵߣֻܵȵպ󣬳Ϊǧһԡһնɱߵߣʱָʲô̶ȣַ嶼ǳڴ
ɱߵߣַȴлƿذ˹֮ìҲһѵõı񶼻ʱ֮С
ಣ
ַӰһ˽˹֮ìĿռ䡣
ʧȥߵƿأ˹֮ìƯڿռ֮Уûκε춯


1794 л
˹֮ì
ַһץ˹֮ìھҵ滹а˹׵ӡǡƽʱַ޷Īߵӡǡ
ڲһˣڰ˹׶ַסˣһʱ֮Уַеǰ취ĥ˹֮ìӡǡ
õİ취ܼ򵥣Ǿʱ֮һһĥ𡣽˹֮ìŽʱճӣʱ֮£һĥ
ټ̳õӡǣҲֵסʱյϮ
ܿ죬˹֮ìϵӡǳױĥַӡǽȥӡǳ׽˹֮ì
ˣ
ʱ˹֮ìһУӳַԺС˹֮ìױַƿء
ܲ
ַϸ鿴Ű˹֮ìѾƿס˰˹֮ìȻǿ֮
˹֮ì˹棬һλ۷ƵĶܶ۷߶һв˹棬֮Ժա
ֻϧ˹滹ˣպΣգ۷ߣҲΣա
˹֮ì䵽˰˹ĺУȴҲ޷ӳԸһĸߵߣǴ´ࡣ
ֻǣ˹֮ìҲʹƣдơ渽Ű˹ԭܳԣʱƣ˹ÿÿѹأʹð˹֮ì
һһΣ˹֮ìٳҲĴڣ˹֮ìʵѾûмʹõĻˣŻʹΣͻ᳹Ĵ
ʱ򣬰˹֮ìȻǶȴҪ¹עֻǣû۷ߵٹע˹֮ìҲֲΪһͨı
˹ϧ˹֮ìһ㲻׶á˭֪һΪ˹ռǧ磬˹ײŲòʹá
ֻϧȴһ˷˼ΰ˹֮ìҲûռǧ磬Ǳַ壬˹֮ì䵽˵ַС
˹֮ìǳ󣬶ֻʹˣַҲýʹáǿУа˹֮ìʱ¾ǸߵߣҪޡ
˴ʱ˿ַ̣ɱﵣҲΪ
ַصʲô
õ˶ڵʵжôֲصֻһǾǶȹھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧ
ĻǿʵٶǾˮһհˡ
ֻǣȹھŴμԪ٣ȴ˵˵ѡַ屻˺ǧӣվֻӣûгɳΪǾа;ز۵Ŀܡ
ڵھŴμԪ٣ַѾ˽ĺˡ㹻Сǧ籾ԴܶȹھŴμԪ٣ǽֻǵھŴμԪ١
ڵھŴμԪٹ󣬲ġص㡱ΪʱСǧҪʼɱǧ磬ûǧкͰأôóȻɱ䣬·һ
˽ٽżϡ

ʱţתۼ͹ȥꡣ
ǧ磬һƽַλסѾģǧᲢۡ
ʵϣַһֱǳšɱ䡱֮ա
ûоԵİգǺ嫵յУɱ䡱ΪߣҲǧѡİ˹壬ʵҲָ
ʷλߡ
Ȼ˹ףڸ翹һֱʱУҲЩˣˣַʱȥ̽һܹǵĿУϤٹգߵһЩʶ
ַ˽⵽յиγΪߵġҲϵʲôжôĲһ
ʣǾһǵ׵СǧҪΪǧҪŴμԪ١
壬ȻþԪ٣ҲᾭָĽѣֻߣͻǳǳѣСǧҪѡ
ÿһҪΪߣǶһξ޴ԾڡԾǨһ֡ʱգַ巢֣ĸϣһһεԾǨ㵽ڣҲԾǨ
񣬶ڲϵɱ䡣
˽⵽һ㣬ַϵ
Сǧɱǧ磬Ҫǧıʣǧıʲô
ַһֱǧıʡ
۲ǧĺڵʱ֮裬ѾûжΣˡ
۲쵽ǧ籾ʣƺԼܲһ
ÿһλͬο޷ֻܿԼ
籾ʣʡ
ַԺ𽥸ֳͷңͷ໥ײԼ䣬ƺһ˿л𻨡


1795 뿪
ַԺССŽƺԼ뵽ʲôҪץסȴֺһ㡣
꣬ȴûκá
ַ֪õˣڻһֱԪٱûа취ǧУ޷Ϊǧ
ֻǣǧڶַ˵ʲôܿԣֻ˵ʲôսԣ
ַҡҡͷĿյУֻк嫵գ㹻սܼȫǱܡ
ȥһ
ַûԴ󵽣д٣뿪ǰҪλǧѧѧ顣
ಣ
ַס
ĻýʲôַһӾͼλǧӣƺҲѾȫָˡ
ݼλ
ˣǿ£
Եú飬ַȵģȻַ顣
ַ˵ͷֱ˵λӦ֪ҾھŴμԪҲֻмʱˣʵʱҴšһûаʹСǧɱ䣬ҲʱյˣһֱܼԪٵĻҾͱ취ǧİأˣմһ
մ
λǧһۣ
û뵽ַȻнմ뷨Ҫ֪ǧҲߣմʵǷǳΣյġ
ǧҲǳΪǧ֮ٽմ
λӦ֪ҵһЩֶΣǽСһЩյдΣҲûô󡣺οΣգҲܴߡ
ַЦ˵
ʵѾˣʱ֮ΣգߡټʱֶΣΣգ
ңַǧ紳ȷѾûʲôսˣûսζţ޷ǱܡǶַҪǱܣлΪǧ
ĻһζĿޣûκá
ˣеһЩͼɣ
˼˵
λǧȥգӦһЩͼһЩ·ߡ
ҲַĿġϾ̫̫Сǧ磬αһ⡣ʱַգ޷ҵؼҵ·ǲ鷳ˡ
ԣصǰ̡λǧ
˵ͼҲȷһ㡣յУǧ綼пΪǿ߶򱬣һЩرʵױ仯ˣǵĵͼҲһ׼ȷοҲûնôңԶľ롣
ǣóһݵͼ
ݵͼԼĻýյд˻Ƶĵͼһ൱ֻƵĵͼǧΧһξ룬ݵͼǺ꾡ġ
ݵͼҪĵرճУǣΪر꣬һ²ֱʣϾǵĴߣһλߣںյУߣǶһǿڡ
ַӹ˵ͼϸ鿴
Ȼڵͼģ۵ľһͳУǡ
ǣһУǧ磿
ַĲһЩͬѰϢ
ǳУǴ½Ҳǧ硣ʵϣǧ磬ںյУҲһЩǿļߣԽһճСĳ̶ֳ˵߽ճУǧȹ̣ǿǰҲ׹ơ
ǣɹյеɳУཻףǳķʢǧ绹ҪǧأǶٶȽǣӦôĵط
һᵽǣƳ籸ʮֵ
ŶлһҪȥǿ
ַҲȤƳ磬϶в֮
Ǻǣ֮ʣʵһҲȲھŴμԪ١ȥǣȻõѡ񡣲յ൱ΣգǴ֮УҲжթҲСĽ
Ҳ
Ȼҵߣһ·Уѵ֪ն񣿺οǺյУСĽһȥյУңԶǧǳ£Ҳ޷ӦˣҶһʱ䣬ΣҲûжȹھŴμԪ٣һˡ
ַ嶨һʱ䣬ʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ̣ʣ۳벻ɣַ嶼һϾǧĸΣַ嶼ĸᡣ
Ļĳߡ˵ߣһ鶼Բ޷ﵽ߾硣
ÿһλǿߣ鶼ûκַپѰҵ˵еԴ֮ţԴ֮磬͸ʲô
ǧ磬ʮҪģ
ַλǧ̽һ˹еһЩ˺ַ͸뿪׼ǰմˡ
λǧҲǸп֡
֮еλܹմˣȻַֻǰ˽ٽַӵеֶΣȴȸߵѷɫ١
й֮
ϣһλԸΪǧˡ
ţַ˺


1796 ǿҪæ
𡭡
һͷƳǳ棬צɢѪϢب֮С
䣡
ȻһɿֲĴϮʱͷУСǧ֮ѹ촷ۡ
ַĮȻĿǰͷʧ硣
λǧµϢͷӦý棿ֻ֮бȽϳǻ۲ߣǿ߽ٽյеĻ֮£ս
ַѾ뵽յУѾ뿪ǧԶķΧ޷ٸӦǧˡ
ʵǧһΧ֮ڣַû϶ǧһ飬Ȼ
һ뿪ǧһΧ֮ڣַͽ
ЩʵֻҲ͵ȵ߽١˽ٽַСǧһһնɱ
Ҳ㹻ַľˣҪ֪Щͷ··ߵĳһֱ洦ɼ˵յжôΣգֻǡСӡȻ߽ϵĽ
ѹλǧһַ壬պΣա
ַ嵹ܺãЩͨ⣬ûǿ٣ûߡ
գΪǣʵУҲûʲô
ֻǰ˽ٽ㲻һ˴գʵ̫Σˡ
ַΪֹһжƿء
ţ
Ȼַ̧ͷǰĳա
Ӧ˾ҵԶ˽ٽһߣ
ȥ
ַ嵽ûת뿪Ĵ㣬дԽΣգʵҲԽϲգΪϣܹ̼ǱܣӶȹھŴμԪ٣ΪǧһЩΣգܣӭϡ
οʱ֮ʵΣգʱߡ
ǣַ廯Ϊһ⣬ѸٳӦĲԴͷȥ

ôӰ
һұⳤķ֮ڣ϶¶һ˿ǳ֮ɫ
֮УȻϣΡȴҲ֪ʲôԭ򡣻׷ݵյеԴ
˲²⣬еǴԴ֮ģΪʲôΣýԴ֮ȥ̽
Դ֮磬Ȼû˽롣˽룬Ҳû֪
С㣬ô죿
˵Ŀⶼһλ񻣬ݾŮӡ
Ϊ˸ϵǣר̹óٶȣҷ˵ķۡ˸ߵߣҲѸ룬ٶ֮죬ںյУϲµľӰٶȱȷۻҪ죬ҷǳѲһϣǾǲݣ׷
С㡱ҲΪѡҪϵȥһЩԴ˽һЩеΣбҲߣסˣ֮£ֻǰǡ
رƵķۣϿԱ֤ȫ˭뵽ӰӰʵǿֻ߲ͨΣٶȣȴ˾
ߣ½ֻͨߣǣӰֻǣƫƫڣһ߶ûС
ߵҪԾˣѹʱһЩ档
Ҫ봳գߣ
Ҫյд󣬶ҪԣĻΣӶӲһ˾ˣرƵķۣóٶȵӰҲ·һ
Ȼ޷̣ʱ¡
ӰϣʱһǵķҲֲסһ𻵣ȺԶԶûгΪߵӰǼֱ
ˣϵˣʵѾ뵽ΣУȴް취
ಣ
ȻһӰԶ
ǿҪæ
С㡱˵ԺУһ񲨶ԣȻ̸˼
дߣ
ߣƺ޽ӽߣôдǶһ˷УͲ
ôȻˣǾǵĻᣬС㣬ϽӦ
СҲһҧаնԸӰӰ֣ºһл
ͬǾ񲨶ַԺ˻Ӧ
Ӱ
ַԶʵѾӰûмҲʶλǧµϵУἰӰɲֹһΡ
ȻһʮѲǧϸĽһ
Ա˵ٶȼӰӰֱѲַ˵ӰӰǲֵһᡣ
ѹ
ַ嵥һƣʱ˲ѹ£Ӱ˲뵽ʱ֮СӰһֿ֮ûУͱ˲ѹˡ
һĻ䵽ڵЩУһĶŴ죬¶֮ɫ


1797 ʯ뾫ʯ
⡭ⲻܰɣӰˣ
̫˼ˣѵλΰڲһλ޽ӽߵǿߣǸߵߣ۷ߣ
ܣǸ۷߶֮ˣûм
ӰܻûղŵһâӰУѵǱ
ѹӰĶⱦ
һʱ䣬ڵʵѾµİ˾Ųʮˡȴû˭˼ǺãӰѹοǣ
롣
С㡱˾ǲܡԶšĻŭλǿߣӰӿ¡
ǣǴ˷۴š
ַҲֱӱɽ˷۵Ĵ֮ڡ
֮Уַһ۾ͿˣΪ׵һվòŮӣҾȻͰ˹岻ͬǡΡַüëһ
ʵλǧҲ͹ڶֻһֱûˣˡ
лԮ֣ǡ֪γƺ
ַ塣
ַ嵭˵
ŮӣԼˣƺһߡңǵϵҲ֣ͽȫͬƺ
ǶīԨīԨˡԳΪīݼ
īݼС㣬׼ȥ
׼ǡ
īݼҲûֱӻش
ǣЩˣ
ַüͷīݼڣЩһߣóȻдûѾǷǳˡ
һΣַ壬һͷӰȫû
īݼСɫ˵ͷЩ˲ԭīݼҲߣǸߵߡֻϧīݼһЩ鷳߶鲻ֻ֣ҴӣǰȥһЩ֪Ҫȥ
ַЦ˵ˣĳҲҪȥǡ
̫ˣԸһ·ǣԸһöʯ
īݼæ˵ϴڴ֮ɫ
ַīݼϵϲ֮ɫҲʧ˵ǸѴҲ޷ղŸлµĴȣԸǧöʯ
Ȼַ岻Ը⣬īݼҲԸǧöʯ
ʵһС֣ͨߣҪһǧöʯҲķһۡ
οпһöʯ
ãַ˵ͷȥǣҴӦˡýʯɾʯ
û⣬̫ˡ
īݼСϲ⣬û뵽ַȻӦˡԭΪַ岻ӦȻһöʯ߾ʯһʲƵˡ
յУһλԸǵҲסȻַ֪ǲߣ׽Ӱ㹻ˡ
ַ屻һ侲֮СѾõһöʯԼīݼСҪһöʯ
յУʵ֡Ӳͨʯ뾫ʯ
֣֮ҲǿУԼϵйءգȻ嫣ϵֻΪ֡
һҲԼ壬ԼƷӵ쾡¡˹壬ʵĴ
ʱʯͺˣΪʯǿҲ˵ֱߵǿȣǺε棿
һϵǾ񡣽Щ⣬ϵʵҲǸһЩʵϣǾϵ
ߣҪľǾʯΪʯֱΪʯʹһöʯ߾иָУͬһǳ档
λǧ͸ַһЩУϸ̸ֶַ嶼ûмҲûʹù
ڣַ廹ǵһοֶ
ʯһԡ
ַеǽϵʹõҲǾʯҲһʯжô档
ǣΨһһöʯʼʯڵ
Ϊеġҡʯ;ʯʵҲеĶⱦַ弸ûзʲôͽʯˡ
ʯڣȷ̺Ӵ
ַϵšҲ˶ѣٶ࣬ʲô壿ԱȺ嫵Сǧ磬ǵֱ΢
οĸҲСǧ硣ֻҪСǧ粻ôΣҲָܹ
ˣٶַ嶼á
ַûоʯ˼ʼһԵľʯľʯһöںյУҲԲһС֡
һöʯַϵ˵кܴá
ҿһʯʲôЧɣ
ַ˿֪ʯֱΪʯһԣôᵽã
ǣһöʯʼվʯڵ


1798 е˼·
ʯڵǳأӰΣԶԶʯڵô񱩡ңʯеǿļӣʯеأ
ַһöʯֻоͷѣһʵĸоָͷǳĻԾ
һɲǣԺоͻָָУеС
磬ǰһֱû˼ģСǧɱǧ磬ҪҪСǧ֡СǧĻޱȵĻǲǾ͸ɱǧ磿
һ֣һʰ
ǰֻĽ飬һֱڳǧıʡ
ǧıʲôַһͷûУҲ취ûһͷѭĽ顣
Ͼõǧǡɹߡ֮һľ飬ַа
ڣʹһöʯȴַһЩС
оǿСǧְ취
ʵģֻһЩ²⣬һСûãַ岻Ҫȥһ£Եúܲףʵ
ΪһԣǾ͵ȥȵھŴμԪ٣һûأǿɾ͵вʱڼԪӿʱСǧɱĹؼʱַʱյ˶ûκá
ַɲҶġ
ַԺгУܿ죬ЩƺʣҪʧץץסַһ֪ǾʯЧҪȥˡ
ǣæóһžʯʼѸٵ
ŵڶöʯգַԺеٴαĸоԴе˼·ĸ
ʱʼס
ǲԵģֻ㡣
ַһǿСǧĻȷôһ˿ɱǧĻᣬֻᣬã
أ
СǧӵԸӵĵزʱǿ˳ɱˣ
ǿ̫ˡʱ֮һַʱַ֮һ飬Ҳұ֤ʱ֮
Ҫš򡱳ɹߣĶͽ
ַѾеֵز뿿ģĵĻԸʩչʱյˣԶҲȥȵھŴμԪ١
ַҪѰҳһܹзʵʣ˿ϣܹȥ·ǿ翵
ǿСǧ磬һܺõͰ취
ֻǣǿСǧ磿
ʱַֻ֪ÿȹһμԪ٣Сǧͻᷢʱ䣬ἱٵɱ䣬һɱ䣬ͻŰٱǧ
ֻƽʱ۵ĻСǧҲлȺһԪ޷һ
һööö
ʯúԣַ弸ûκֹͣϵʹžʯ
޷ַɴʮöʮöʹžʯʵ֤ʯʹԽ࣬ЧԽá
磬ַ˼ά߶ȻԾ֮£ҲСǧ磬ҪӶٱܹаնȹھŴμԪ٣ҳɹɱǧ硣
ǣһǧ
£ھŴμԪһȹСǧŰٱϣҪɱǧ磬ٱԶԶ
һǧַСǧɹɱǧĸɡ
ǵģֻɣֻɣҲǷǳ˲ˣڶСǧɱǧ磬һжֻܿ翵һɰնûС
ڣַɰգǶǳˡ
ⲻַҪģҪôȥȵھŴμԪ٣ҪȵģҲضҪаٷְٵİաҲ˵ʮɱǧİգŻȥȵھŴμԪ١
ֻǣһǧֻɰգһ򱶣оųɾϵİգ޽ӽʮɰˡ
Ͼûоƾ£׼׵վһЩա
һ򱶣
ַһݣԺƺһжĸоʧˣȵٴΡʱһöʯȻĴ
ˣ
ַһйָоٻصƽʱ£оЩ̫Ӧ˼ά٣бŷУֱ°빦ʵ̫ˡ
ѹߣβ׷žʯ
ѹ־ʯֱ֮Ϊʯȷ̫ˡȻʯֱһȴ˵˼άޱȵ
ҪӶľʯ
ַѾ¶˾ġ
ŸոһЩ˼·磬ҪСǧһ򱶣׸ʲôİ취ǲǣȷھŴμԪٶȹСǧɱٱǲֻҪӰٱСǧĹģ㹻ˣ
ЩܣҪʯİַ¶ġ
ˣַҪõľʯ


1799 ǣ
ʱţַڷѾʮꡣ
պޱߣʮʱͲʲôЩΪ·ͻķꡢǧ꣬ʱ䡣
˭ӵʱܹ֮ʱմģߣҲ޷մֻٶȺܿ죬ټĳЩڶ̾ڶŲơ
ֻŲƣǴա
ǧ總һԵİȫʵλǧܹŲƵԶ롣
ܷʲô£λǧܵһʱϵӶ֤ǧİռ䴩ивͨ
Ҳַֻ壬ʱͨʱ֮ʱգִеκεطȻǰǵ֪λá
ǣַûȥеͼҲֻ֪ŵķˡҲ޷ֱӴ󵽴ǡ
һǵִ˴ǣַһĸˣһΣʱճӣ˲ִǸ
ˣڵˣ
ŷļ٣īݼСҲ˿ڵҲĺɣ˶ȸԾ
ʵ̫ΣˣԲע⣬ͻȫû
һҲˣַ壬ĻͻᱻӰնɱ
ַҲӦ˴ǣҲǰ޴ĳСǲһ磬Сǧ磬ǧ磬һУһյеĳС
Χ飬ǿֲ󷨡ӳַ֣忴һۣ¡ãʱ֮޷˺ֱӱܹû⡣
ֻǣ˵жһԴƵĳСͬǼߣҲڶʱڴơ
ַӿֳ֮飬һ̣Ϊ֮𺳡ڴû뿪ǧַ˵𺳣һʱᶼ޷ʧ
Ȼ뿪ǧȷģܿ𺳵һĻ
ַĳȣԭǧ磬Ѿ޵Уʧȥ˽ĶҲֻмԪ٣Եв
ǼԪ٣ʵַ˵Ҳû̫вȼԪ٣ǾʱյˣԶᾭԪ١
൱ǧˣ𣬻ʲô
Ҳǵ˹ĵַʶԭǧ粢ôȫǧҲ޵еĴڡ
ǧ磬ΣգҲ
ûаȫУŴʹַ뿪ǧ磬յдһ·ϣַ嶼ûΣգöַ֮ãҲˡ
ֱգ˴ǡ
һǣѾַеĵ𺳡ܹеˣһַ޷ΰڣӵޱߵΰ
¡
۽ͣ뵽˴ǵС
ַ忴īݼʮöʯԭҪǣÿ˶һöʯ߾ʯ
ǹء
Ͼ൱Σյģǳȫ൱һӻǣͽ˱ӻȻҪȡһʯ
뵽ǣַҲҪīݼ˷ֱˡ
ԸԸһֻҪٻǻصīԨһˣǻٸһöʯ
īݼַ巢룬ַôһλ߻ͣһ·϶ܰȫ
Ȼһöʯʯ뵽һЩˣߵ߶뵽
ЩİߣҲһַաûбҪīݼİߣˣַһ·϶һ˽ˣʺϵġ
ַ屾ܾһöʯҲһС֡
ǣַһ£شһڴǴһʱ䣬ǰԺϵʱپ
īݼҲ˵ͷȻԣڴҪŹҲҪʮʱ䣬ʮһϵ
ǣ˫ཻϵʽҲīݼַ崫ѶʯյжѶǳ㡣
ôһ鴫ѶʯҲҪʮöʯϡ
ַͺīݼֱˣҲ뵽ȥ䡣
ǣַ˸ָ壬˵ָУ߲߶洦ɼ
ֻǣ˼죬ַ巢ûʯ߾ʯڴǼֱ粽СʱЩڣһöʯʹˣӦöһ㣬Աʱ֮衣
ڴǣյегУʯ߾ʯǱر֮൱ڷ׵Ļһز١
ַ취׬һЩʯˡ
ַת˼죬һЩ̣ԽһЩ
ַʲô
˹֮ì϶Ǳַ岻ֱﶼǿôΪʯȥˣ
ˣһͷӰѹʱ֮УһͷӦֵʯ
ַǰһ漴̤ĳһ俴ǳĵȥ


1800 һǧöʯ
𾴵ĹͣҪʲôӦоУһ󡣡
ַոս룬Ϳһ޵Ůǰӭӡ
ַ⿴һۣʵлŵӰۣ
ߵӰ⡭Ҫµõһʱ䣬֪Ӱٶȼ죬Ȼֻͨʵȴץ
ŮЩΪѵ˵
Ҳ֪ǰһλܹ͡ʵǲһǳۺ
ͨʵߵļ۸Σ
ַּʵ
ͷʨȻֻͨʵǿĻҲ𵽲ãۼһǧöʯ߾ʯ
һǧöʯ
ַһѾ˵סʵ޷ģҲģΪġ
ȻȻСĽһЩǲǱӡˣѾһס
ǣֱַ˵ģչŵӰ
ŵӰ
Ů΢΢һ㶣漴Ӧ˹Ҳ֪֮ǰַΪǰ̽ȴûκһ˿֮顣
Ƕǹ͡
Եȣȥרŵļʦ
ǣŮӽַ˹ңܿ죬߳֡
ߣȻߣһϢǿӦǸߵߡ
ͿҪӰ
Ȼ׼Ӱֻǽѹڱ֮УԼ취ѹ
Է˵ͷǣֱַӷųӰ
𡭡
Ӱһŭѹʱ֮УѾܾ˿ڳˣβ˷ܣ
ֻǣûüˣһɸǿ˲㽫ѹ
ַһ˿ɫһߣλߵߣȻֱ֣ץסӰ
Ӱֹͣѹ
һǿߣ
ţȷӰͿʯ
һǧöʯɣ
ֱַ˵
ţǸļ۸ʵϣļ۸гɱģչʵܵ͡ҲҪеգһöʯΣ
һӾͿǧöʯַҡҡͷһǧöֻͨӰٶ죬ߵ߶ûӰٶȿ졣ĻöʯϣһһǧöʯеĻҾͻҡ
ַҲٴǹལȡһ档
Էһۣһ˵ͷɽ
ܿ죬ַ͵õһǧöʯԷЦ˵ʵǣǱ֤ļ۸񡣡
ַҡҡͷôһͷӰǽҲץʵôץģ
˵ֱַ꣬Ӿ뿪ˡ
᳤ô뿪ˣҪҪȥ٣ĵϸ
ˣӦûߡߣȴץסӰǿ˱֮ı򵥰ôҲ޹أᡣ
Ϊһǧöʯðգʵֵ̫ˡ

û˸٣ҵ̵
ַ૵
뿪̺ʵעû˸٣ϾһǧöʯҲСˡܹ׽һͷͨʵѣ
οַֻһ˽ٽûгΪߣЩ˶һۿζʲôû˲
ַȻСĽ
ڶԷȷûʲô˼ַɿ뿪ˡ
˾ʯַڴҲ㡣ȣַŪڵĻǣȥһ¥һöʯ˽ǵĻ
ԭֻΪˣפ벻פ
פߣֻҪʮöʯ߾ʯýɾʯˡפôÿһνǣͶýһöʯ
ȻʮöʯһӴ֣˶ѡ񲻽ɡܹɵģȻֻٲˡ
ˣ϶ڴˣʹźϵȻҲֵĺô
ȻǸפǡ
Ȼ۸ӣһ㣬ڲ֣㶯֣ҲһСΧ֮ڡ
磬ǾԲ֡ҪҲԣȥ̨󷨱۷ߵҲ޷ɢܹܺõĽ˾׺ͶԹ
ַһöʯ˽⵽˴ǡ
ʵڴǣҪľǲƸĲƸֻҪʯ߾ʯôһж˵
ߵ۷֣߳ûκ⡣
ƸһУ
Ȼ۷֣߳Ҫʯ¾һˡ


1801 
ַڴϤһʱ󣬾ȥһԺ䡣
Ժ䣬Ҳ徲ֻǲôڴкͨһԺ䣬ȴȫģκ˸ǿд롣
ȻַҲеЩۡ
԰Ϊڣÿһöʯ
ƺ٣˵ʲô
ܱһιضʱ䣬һ͵öʯڹǸˣҪȫСԺ䣬Ҳһöʯ
ˣܹڴǡòˣԲˣҲԲߡ
ַһԺ䣬ʱʼ˹滮ڴǣййĵطЩйʵûʲôá
ܹΪߵģһλ˹̶ϵ
йȻá
ַ廨ʮöʯȥһЩ伮ΪйǲһЩܹǿСǧǧ̵
磬һЩСǧǧ硣
ʵǳѣһ֣ǾǶ
磬ܹǧŵ֮ģһںϽǧ磬ǧٱǧ
һ֣յһƽˡ
ַҲһ٣Ҳ֪˼ܹСǧŵַڻСǧ磬ҲҪ
磬ϢȵȣСǧѸš
ַڴǵһЩѯʱɫȴЩڡ
ûУЩﶼûУϾЩɲСǧ磬иҪãƶͻƿ
ÿһ޼֮
ַ嵹ѯʵһҵ̣һ۸ȴߴʮöʯ߾ʯ
ַ嵱ʱ죬ʲôû˵תߡ
˵ʮöʯˣǧöʯûС
յУһͨߣȫҼһʵҲʮöʯ΢һܴﵽʮöʯĵز
ңѵбﶼˣʯ
ߣǶ򵥡
ַһᵽˣûǮǴ粽С
Ǻܷ٣ȡʯҲУкܶࡣ磬һЩ̶Ҫ봩գǵùӶܶǿߡ
ַ߶ǣ۸ǳһҲһʵѷɫߵߣѵҪţһ챦ѹߵߣ
˵⣬ȵȣЩҪҪַҲóǻһְ취ǾȡһЩ
һ
棬иָ񡣶һЩίеֻҪ񣬾ܹõһЩͽ
ȻҪɣÿһʶҪһɸ
ʵı󣬾ǽǵĹס
ÿһʶҪһɣ൱ݡÿʯ¾һ֡
ٶĲƸȲ˽ճеĳ
ַףʵܶ˶סճеĳӵƸˡ
ֻҪճУʵ̫̫ˡȣӵмߵʵңǼߣҵԼĶֶΣɱﵵļ߲С
ĻཨһճУӪʱ򣬱һλǿļ߸ժӣǵòʧ
ϣߣյеĶˡڼ֮ϵհ޼
ǵȴڣβ׷ѰԴ֮ţͿճǵ档
һЩ񡣡
ַɨһ
Щͽж١Щµͽܵͺܵͣûгһöʯġ
ʯַ廹ϡ
ʵ񣬻϶һöʯϡڸߵʵƽһǧöʯҡ
ôʵīݼСַı꣬Ѿ൱ˣַߵߵıꡣҪַ֪嵱ʱֳһ⣬ϾҲֻǰ˽ٽߡ
ôı꣬īݼСҲ൱
ˣַڡʮ֮ԼҲһЩȤʮûرҪ£ǿԻīݼСһ̡
ַ忴һЩһЩķʱ̫õʱͽ񣬶ٸߵߵʵС
ַ˵һΣԡ
ʱ֮ΣȻҲޣؼ񲢲ɡ
Ȼַ忴һȤ
е˼ȻҪӶһλµߣһλͨߣֲܾܻöʯ
ܻ֣ܶǸܹһǧöʯ
Ȼַûеڱ¡ΪһǣһЩпܻһΣԡ
ΪһǧöʯַҲԸеЩգ׼


1802 Խս
Ҫ񣿡
ַǰȥȡʱ˶Է
ҽôѵʲôŹֵĵط
ַʵ
ŹֵûУֻǽʱ䣬Ѿжʮ˽񣬵һ⣬ȫʧܡ
ʧˣ
ַ嵹û̫⡣
ԽսǵУ
˵ʮˣʮˣ򲻹Ǵ򲻹Ҫ֪¶Կߣ߼رԽĺ蹵
ַ壬ҲǿʱܹԽսĻҲûаܹԸһߡ
ܿ죬ַȡֻҪȡͽˣȻ÷ֳһɸ
ĵַԶڴǡ
ַһӴׯ԰ׯ԰ɱַԺӴϰٱַ΢ӦһĸӦߵϢǸߵߵϢҲ
ַǰ˵⣬ܿͱׯ԰֮С
ׯ԰ڣַ忴˷ˣѦ
ѦңһڴǸٹ̵ļ壬мλߵߣͨߡ
һ壬ʵѾǧʵҪǿˡ
ҲַпȻֻ뿪ǧ磬գŻʶӹء
ֻǣѦҷΪΣ
ȡˣ
ȡ񡣡
ַ򵥽һ£Ѧ˵ͷ㻹ߣ޵Ľӽߡεʵܼ򵥣ҵõһ챦ȴ޷ҪͨһЩ飬ܽ򣬴Ӷ챦
ѵĿ飬µʵսʤһͷͨʵֲܹܣöʯĽܻܶԷܵõһǧöʯΣ
ԭˡ
ַˣΪλ˷ôֵ
ԭΪ챦
ǧٹ֣ȻҲǧٹֵǿߡԸԭһЩȴôҪͨС
ѦҲȱߵߣ޷ǿҲֻ취
֮ǰȡˣˣ
ַʵ
֮ǰжʮˣˣҲܵشˣˣڲ񣬻ȥһɵͽ𣬾ͿԳ񡣡
ַ֪һȥҪһɵͽ
ˣΣ
ȻˣȻҪһԡ
ַӦܹҪһԡ
ãǾȥһ԰ɡ
˵գѦóһɫСƿһֱַСַҲֽţҪ˵ġ
һ֣ܵȫ׷ɡ
۷ߣҲֽšķʽϵǿǰնɱӶƸ
ĴǳλߵŭԳ֣λ۷նɱ
Դ֮󣬾û˸ˡ
ַҲûʲôǣûеֿƿ뵽ƿС
ˣ
ַѾƿУܶǻɵϢڸʴСǧ֮޷ֵɸʴ֮
ʲô챦
ַа⡣
ʵûѯѦ챦Ϣ֪һһǿ챦ѦҲķѾ޴ۣз
һߣȻǾ׼ȥɣͷպߵ󡭡
翣صڶߡ
ַһæǰķ
䣡
һɿµϢˣţһױȵӴ͵ĳַϯƺƵͨߣҲҪݱܷâ
պ
ַĶպҲ֪ֻͨߣǿǿҲǱȽǿˡ
ɲӰٶ͵һһ£пġַҲףΪʲôôȡˡ
ӲպһǾֻ
ַ岻ԼСǧȥӲҲûκԥһʱٳʱ
䣡
ʱ٣ʱֲһͽպСôһ˲䣬ƿھҵ𶯣·Ҫһ
ϾʱǱƿǿı
ʱѦվżߡ
ܳ𣿡
֮ǰѾʧôҿûϣˡԽսô׵ģ
Խսʵ̫ˡ
ʧҲʲôֲʧʲôٲУ¾͵۷֣߳ܲǿƿˡֻͳױ¶۷Ҳܻᶯġ
ѦЩǣʱеƿȴҵĲ
ףǡ
ѦһĶеƿ֮ǰƿɴδйֱ仯


1803 ֣
ƿѦѾǧŵõʧ˭뵽õƿȴ޷ƿƿ֮£ְֻ취Ҫһ顣
ֻϧֱգûܴ
ڣƿ״ѦȾϲ
ѵɹˣ
Ѧбм
ಣ
ȻƿзɳһӰȻַ塣
ţѦ̾͸ӦƿڵнƣͳͳˣˡǣѦ˵һʱ俪ʼƿеĽơ
ַ徲ĵȴţ˼ʱѦ۾ϸֳһĨЦݡ
ƿǳ񣬻һǧöʯȥύˡ
ַ˵ͷ񲢲򵥣Ҳ򵥣ȴûκѯʵ˼ô򵥵챦ûκιϵֻ׬ȡʯġ
Ѧһֽסַ塣
µʵնɱպʵ򵥡ǸԸ⵽ѦңѦҲһø⡣
ַҡҡͷллĺ⣬ֻҾ޶ҲԸܵܲҲ뿪ǣԣǸˡ
ַȻľܾ
ѦңǸͲܣյдȻʯҪҲǸеĹ߰ˣᱻѦ
ǣֱַӾ뿪ˡ
Щܡ
Ѧҡҡͷˣ˭ûһЩأѦڵõ챦ٺ٣۷ߣҲܿһˣ
뵽Ѧ㡣һҲǼҺãڵóԸƿ챦ûŬ׷ѡ

ַ巵ֱύ
ˣ
еλߣһĲ졣ȡĶʮߣһʧܡΪַһʧܵˣû뵽ȻˣһɶȣԻһǧöʯͽ
ͽ۳һɣŰöʯ
һɾʯ
ܿ죬ַͻ˾Űöʯ֮ǰʣµһǧپʮöʯҲǧپʮöʯˡ
ַûм񣬶ȥһ֮ǰӰĵ̡һѦҵ񣬿ɲֻǵõͽѹһͷŵպҲһͷʵ
ַٶţõ̵ǰһ϶һʴ⡣
Ȼַ˵պԷһڼһǧöʯۼҪӰԵͣҲϾץ̶ȣӰԱպץˡ
ֶһǧöʯַڵľʯܹһǧپʮö
Ҳ˵ӽһǧöʯѾһСˡ
ַǷֻǣǧöʯȴˣַҲֻܾһЩͨʵ
һꡢꡢꡢꡭ
תۼ䣬ʮʱһζ
ַѾΪСġˡˡֻ˺ܶ񣬹ؼǣֻµߣûгΪߣȴȻߵ
ɶǰٷ֮٣һû£൱ѵõġʱ̵νʱ䳤ˣûܰٷְٵ
ŷÿһöʯı꣬ż߰˰öʯǧöȻҲУ̫ࡣ
ͨߵҲܶ࣬ȥ
ˣʮַϵľʯѾﵽ˾˵Ķʮö֮ࡣ
ʮöʯһλߵȫˡ
ַֻʮʱͻ۶ɡ
ʵҲַȻߣʱ֮ܿ죬ҲܰȫټʱֻҪǿ󵽸ߵߵĶַ֣嶼׽
˸ߵߣַҲѹ
ˣ׬ȡʯٶȣȻܱģһ˵ֵʮλͨȥ
Ҫ
ˣʮʱ䣬īݼСӦҲҪ뿪ˡţ뿪ǰȥһЧ
ַѾѡѾãֻǶʮʯĸ߰۸ַҲֻܿɼ
ڣ˶ʮöʯڿȥˡ
𾴵ĹͣãҪʲô
ǿУ
̻ǰһһʴ⣬Ǵ˰
УУһ䣬ңֻҪҪܻȡ࣬Ҫ䣿
ܻȡࣿ
ַǰһò˵ȷЩĶ
ֻǣôĶҲзʵʣֻܹһ䣬ʣµģֻܵȵպʯˣ
һ
һ𣿶ʮöʯ
ַ˵ͷЩ۵ȡ˶ʮöʯ
ܿ죬͵õһ
ֵʮöʯŵرǿһ۶ò
ַ˿ֱӾת뿪ûص֮УЧΣҪ֪ǧ磬ַɴû˵ʲôСǧš


1804 Сǧţ
ϣҪʧ
ַھ֮УһжѾ׼׵ˡ˵ֻһЩ챦˵á
ַ˵ȴ
㡱һ֮·ÿĵȴ翵Ķ򣬾ܲܳɣǵÿЧ
ˣһξޣַ˵ǳĹؼ
ˣ
ӽСǧ֮УͬʱСǧ֮ѸٵӿסѸٽڵա
ʱܿͻΪ촷ۡĶȴСǧںһ𣬽ģСǧҲʼ仯
¡¡
СǧաʱСǧҲʼ𶯣һһΣ𶯵ԽԽңҵַ嶼޷ơ
ĸоСǧ𶯣һּķʽڷš
šš
ַŴ죬˷ЩġӵһμԪٵڵڰ˴μԪ٣ȹ˰˴μԪ١
ֻڶȹԪʱСǧŻģѸţҲһٰٱ
ָܣַˡ
һΣַҲָܵоСǧգַ͸оСǧ翪ʼš
ֻǣԪٱٶ˺ܶ࣬ôҲš
Ҫ֪ƽʱַúְ취޷Сǧš
ڣˣ
Ǵ˵еĶŵرܹСǧš
ַܼϸϸСǧţÿһСǧţʵԽ˵һʱ
СǧŵһЩɣ߱ʣôպСǧɱǧ磬Ҳźܴİ
ֻǣʱƣַ彥ķ֣Сǧٶ
Сǧžͳֹͣˡ
ֹͣˣ
ַоЩδûдСǧʱ˷ܷӦСǧžȻѾˡ
Ҳַ巢֣һСǧҲûŶ١
ŵԭı
ַ巢֣Сǧŵԭıֲֻͣǣһ룬ַ㣬ҪǿСǧɱǧ磬ᷢʲô⣬ôҪСǧڼԪǰŵԭİٱϣ
ŵԭİٱϣټ϶ȹھŴμԪٺСǧҲӭһٵţôϣСǧɱǧʮþˡ
ַֻŻѡȵھŴμԪ٣ĻԸһֱʱյˣһֱȥȵھŴμԪ١
ҪƽʱŰٱǺεȵѣ
һȻֻСǧŵԭıôҪٰٱϣ
Ǳع㣬ҲҪʮ
һ䣬Ƕʮ䣡
һֵʮöʯ㣬ʮҲҪöʯ
öʯ
ַЩ죬ǿöʯ֪ʯˣʮҲŵõ˶ʮöʯ
ƺܶ࣬ǿʮ꼸ÿһ̶
öʯҲҪٶ꣬м񻹲ܳ¡
⻹ַֻ壬ӵʱ̫֮Σաһͨߣ꣬Ҳһܴöʯ
һߵߣһĸߵߣȫңҲڰöʯ£ҪöʯַԣҲס
վǺ¡СǧãܹСǧš൱Ƕַָǰķһһĳǰ
ǰֻĬĬĵȴ翵ġ򡱻ᣬĻᣬмλ˽ٽܹõ
ǵǧҲֻǻԵɺ֮£ǧ籾ʣӶԽСǧɱǧ硣
İ취еĻպǧ磬ӭǧ
ַԺһһ󵨵ͷ
İ취еĻǾζţһ֣ܹġ족ǧİ취Ȼֻǡǧߡ
ߣֻǶǧʵһͳƣʵȴźܸӵϵ
ַҲҪߣǧĸҲǽĸַ廹ߵĽ֮·޷ѵġ
պгɣʱöʯԣͲʲôˣǿ԰ǧ˽ٽԴԴϵĳΪǧ
ǸʱǧȻǺеһӴϵҲһһԾΪһָӴϵ
ַЩңԶˣ֮׬ȡ㹻ʯȻٹ㹻ʱַһԣǷܹɹСǧɱǧ磿


1805 ʮ
ˣ
ַ廹оһ£СǧʱȻĴѶʯ
⴫ѶʯǵīݼСַģַڴǣûʲôϵˣѶʯ𶯣Ǿֻһԭ
īݼС㴫Ѷˣ
Ȼַ鿴˴ѶʯݣȷīݼСĴѶ
ʮѵǵôˣ
īݼСĴѶʯֻôһݡ
ַûԥȻѾ¶˾ģȻܾһöʯҲ㲻ˣϾֻǻһ˰ˡ
ǣַ巢һϢ㳯īݼСĵַȥ

ˣ
īݼСĴѶʯݣϾ¶һ˿ϲ
Ӧˣ
īݼСϲ˵
īݼСܸˣīȴôˣǣʵΣѾˣƾǵĲ뵽áǿߡ
С㣬ǺαػķѴǸַ壿Щ֮Ҳֻµ߰ˡһ߶ǵˣȴһöʯǲе̫˷ˣ
īݼС㣬ǴڷһöʯõĻ˵뵽һλǿߣαػִһַ壿
С㣬ǿټһ㣬뵽ߵ߻һˡ
˶Ȱ˵š
īҵˣʵǶַ֧壬˵ַָ֧ôʯһöʯһС֡
īΣʱ̣ʯǲ˷ѣڴǴɹѾ̫ʯˡ
ôʯһЩǿߡַأֻǿűŻӰˣ߶ǡ
֮ǰǣȣҲˡѾڴˣǿ߱ȱȽǣַ壿
ˣī˶֧īС㡣
īСһ䣬ĿɨһЩīˣЦڴǣǿ߱ȱȽǡǿߣֻҪʯܹӶǽֻǹӶˣĸƤ֪ЩӶǿ߲һЩ˼
ַ͹һ·̡һЩƷǶֵ֪εġһǣī˵ҪˣǾԲܳκ⣬һ⣬ȴǵģܿٲ
ȫҪˣѾˣַǷīԨ磡
īݼСҲǿƣУȫҪġȻǿʯӶǿߣô֤Щû˼
Ҫ֪һǲɹĶǼֱøߵ߶ۺ졣
ַֻ壬īݼСġȻַһΣйһιµʱ䣬īݼСȴַܷ塣
οīݼСַֻһͨߡַ壬صĺ
ȻֻīݼСֱԼֱ
īݼСų飬ִַ塣һһַ֪壬ҲܿīݼСǰ
īݼС㣬ּˡ
š²˳٣׼̾ͳʲôҪ׼ģ
ַ֮ǰѾ׼׵ˣҡҡͷֱ˵ûʲô׼ģʱ뿪
ãǾ̳
īݼС̰ī˽˷ۡ
ܿ죬ɣ뿪˴ǣȥ
ڷ۸ո뿪Ӱī˸ղųֹĵطŷ뿪ķ
磬ûɣȺˣʮʱ䣬ڴǵĲɹֱĶһʣ㹻ô綼̤뵽ߵߵĳ̶ˡ
磬֮ǰҲָʾȺˡѾˣīԨˡٺ٣īԨȻǿ߱иߵߡȴѱ߶뵽īԨսСһǲɹˣһ߶ûУǴԷġ
һʣ뿪ǣѵīһҵǲɣ
οɳһʣīԨ绹ܼܲסһ⣬Ƕ뿪ǡ
ˣߣһλΪߵˡ˺ܽȻһֱڵīˡ
ԣīҵ˲ɹôĶôһûУǴԹӶǿ߻ͣղǸİˣǹӶǿ߰ɣûе
Ϊ׵Եúܽʵ
磬ĲǵȷӶ˻ǡղǸİˣīҹӶˡҲˣǸ߶ǣһЩ֮Σѵеùλ𣿡
磬ٿˣĻǧѷꡣī˻һοܾͻ߻ˣǾûлˡ
Ϊ׵ġ硱ֻܽǣҲ֪ǧѷĻᣬܴ
㣬ͷҲһ˿ʱԥ
ãǸȥ
˾ѸٵĳһҷۣϢ׷ȥ


1806 ⲻƣ
ʮ꣬ڴô
ڣīݼСַš
īݼַ֪һλɢޡҪյдһλ߶ǵߣȻյдīݼ岻ѡ
ʮʱôϤ˴ǡ
ַЦЦڴǣеǣûʯǴ粽СʯǾһС
ַ嶼ʹþʯʯ̫ûС
ˣ˵˵īԨɣ֮ǰ˵īԨΣīߣȴǣƣһλ߶ûл̬͡жϾ
ַѯһ˻͵ĿĵأīԨ
֮ǰȻīݼīԨֻһЩţûоһҪǰīԨ磬ַȻ˽ϡͿǰ
ᵽīԨ磬īݼСıҲ
īԨ硭
īݼС㿪ʼʵīԨ
ԭīԨҲһǧ磬ͽǧһīĵطī岢һ壬ߣһơ
īݼС棬ʵǵīԨĵһλߣ
īԨԽԽʢյλߵߣλͨߣʵȷǳֲˡ
˽ǵǧ硣
ǵǧ磬ֻλߣȻǸߵߣ̫ˡʵַҲҵԭǾǽϵȱݡ
ǾСǧɱǧ磬̫̫ˡ˵ԪٻܶȹȥôСǧɱǧ磬ûԵĻǾֻ·һ
ںУôѵϵʵҲȻϵѣһ޳ɣҲǺôࡣ
ǣܹСǧɱǧı׶ˣǽϵƾͽ޵ķŴ
īԨȻʵۺ񣬵ǧһҲȱ̽ߡ
պܴ󣬴󵽸ָᷢ
һǧ磬ǾǸ
Ƕǧ磬Ѿ̫ˡ£ȴҪǧıӻĻںյˣҲֻ·һ
κһǿʢ壬ǧ硣
ǧҲпΪָԭ顢еһЩߣ͵ڶˣȥѰµǧ硣
İ˹ˡ
īԨ磬ӭһȺǿĵˡԷӴ󣬾Ȼλߵߣʮһλͨߡ
ʵīԨѾܹγѹˡˣսһʼīԨʹ·硣
īԨˣвҪٵǧ磬ԼһЩ챦ǿƿסǧ磬ĻڵīԨѾˡ
ˣīԨīҲΣڵϦڼѵ֧š
һΣīݼСǰǣʵǴɹʣǼĲϣīһ
ǼܹƳɹ˵׻ˣ룬ܹ֤īԨİȫˣһīݼСν
ַ˽һīԨͻȻҲ֡ͬĸоǧ磬Ƕܾ
˹ʥնɱһλǧ
Һãַʱǿ챦ѹ˰˹ףǧ硣
īˣڲҲǼϣƶԱסīԨ
գΣءīݼС㣬ΣɵСĽ
ַѵ
īݼСܽīԨһЩأ߸ַ壬ʵǶַԵΡַ岻óȻīԨ¡
պܴҲأ˭֪ûʲôֶΣܿסʱʱվַ屾е㲻ι̡
ַ廹ϣܹġɱ䡱ӶΪߣӵǿݺյ
ڴ֮ǰַ嶼ñ֡͵һЩ
һҲֻǻͶѣ֦
īݼС㻹˵Щʲôʱ򣬺Ȼܼľ
ţô£
īݼСɫһ䣬˷۵ĿңַҲ
ʱڣīڶˣѾһá
һλīˣָŷۺ˵С㣬һδ֪ɴһֱǵ󣬿ⲻơ
īݼС㶨һȻϡڷۺ棬ȷһҷۣĸǵ
ںյУͲܡͬ·οôȻǳǶ
˭ϵ𣿡
ѾԹϵˣûκλӦǵķпڴǵĲɹע⵽ˡ
īݼСһ
ڴǵĲɹѾ㹻СĽȴû뵽Ǳ˸ע⵽ˣ˿̣û߻ͣȷ鷳
Ҫǣ̲ϧһдۼ٣ǣ
īݼС۶һɽŵķΧ


1807 ɱ
ڼ٣˶ܽšʵǲûûҲ˵
ںգʵƽˣŲ¶ףһ¶˾޶Ƹпܵ˵졣
īݼСԾѾСˣȴɱ죬Ҳûʲôõİ취ʱֻӣϣܹѺҷ۵׷١
ֻϧīݼСķۼ٣ķҲڼ٣ĻҲʲô£ŷīԨҲͦá
һصīԨ磬ߵīԨ總ͻīԨǿǰӦʱһΣͶˡ
ֻϧԷ϶Ļᡣ
٣ԷҲڼ٣ƺٶȱǿ죬鷳ˡ
ī˿ķۣٶȾȻǶ죬һأɫѿǴҲ֪³һ׷ϣ롣
ַ嵭ĿźķۣľͼǣЩԶҲ޷ȷԷжǿߡ
ˣֻܾĵȴ
ಣ
Ǽʱ䣬ڣķ׷
ķѾ׷īݼС֪ȥܻŷۣԷ򱬡
뵽īݼСֻ˽ͣ˷ɳۣԷӴ
ֻǣ˻ûۣͱһɿֱֲӸ˺Ƭ
ಣ
ͬʱӰӷڷɳѸٵī˷ΧվŵΧס
ԷˣīݼСɫ࣬λߣҺãƺûиߵߡ
īݼСʶȻ֪˵ʵûиߵߣҷɴܶԸģ
ԭҶַԷλߣһĶ
ˣˣ֪ǾӦûۣһλߵ򡣼ֻһλߵߣλͨ߶·һԲ
иߵߣһ·һܰȫһжˣλͨߣǲǶ֡
СһУںˣַȥԸλͨ߰ɣҲֻȥˡǲӰ߰
ߣī˶ˡߺﲻһʵϸϣӦǴָЩߣֵΪߡ
磬Ӱʵ
ȻʵҲûдֻǸ˳ƺˡ
ī˵УͬӰһպȫһӰѲҲֻˡ
߲һǴźһߣ
߶ˣһ·׷ߣûоԵʵֻ·һ
īݼСҲҧ촽򶨣ֻǣڶ˵УͲʲô
⡭
īݼСҲ֪˵Щʲô
ǰ˭ȥһ֣ȻַһЩģߣȥֻ·һ
ַȴòȥ
īݼСìܣַôװ׳ȥַ壬ϻ߿
ûУַֻԿ⡣
ַ忴һīݼС㣬΢΢ҡҡͷīݼСģӦģȥȥͻء
˵գֱַӻΪһ⣬ɳ˷ۡ

磬˳ˣ
λߣīҷΧס
ţһӷڷ˳ַ塣һˣ˵λ涼īˣҪ·λΣ
У
˶ЦǷô󾢣ôһ
ǻī˵߰ɣ߶ǣôͣϵıʯ߾ʯͳͳǿһ
Ц˵ʵϣַ潻˶Ҳַ塣Ͼⲻʲôʵ£ңīҲʲôͨˡ
һ©֮㣬˵롣
ˣΣֻ˻ţˣͳͳҪ
ûˣ
ַƽ˵Ŀһһɨ
Ϊ˭ߵߣЦǾ
һߣƺԵúܲͷɢɱ⣬ͻȻˡ
ԷƺҲûСַ˼һ־ȫԸϾУ﷭¿ɲټַôҲī˺ķؽĻ֮ˣûһֶΣ
ˣѣһֱȻȫԸַ崭ϢĻᡣ

īݼСһ
ַ飬һҪĻ֮ˡַַ壬ҷϵˡ
Σ
ˣϣַ£ֻǣ£漣īݼСʵϣ


1808 ز¶һսߣ
䣡
ȫһֱ
ַҲһԣʵ˺̶ֳȣϾ֮ǰʹҲѾʹСǧǰı
ʹţַʵҲǿ
ַѾǰ˽ٽеĶˣֻǾǧңԶˡڣСǧǧҲһĿοȫ
ַһСǧ磬˲˺ѡ
Ǻģǲ˺ѣǲ֡
˲˺ѣ϶ԷҲ߳ɣʣµȻɿַܵشн޾Сǧ籾ԴգۼѾָ
ʲôӲһ
ַӲĿס˶Էһߺ𾪡õߣһ֮£µߣֵܵסһʲô챦
ַûʩչκε챦ֻ
̫˼ˣܹǿ̶ֳȣ˵ַһϵǵϵȻͬǿ
ʲôԭַ浲סһĵġ
סˣ
ȻԼסˡַ岻һǿ챦ûʩչ챦͵סȫһϣ
漣ֱ漣ī˴ƾãǿ߱ߵ߶м𡣵µߣȴûֵܹһλߵȫһǲ˼飬Ҳַܹ漣
īݼС㶼־ϲû뵽ַȻôǿǿֻڤڤָоַǿ⣬ôǿô⣬ȴ֪
ڣַʶַǿǲ˼顣٣ֵܵסȫһַ壬Ǳ֮
ֻǣǱչǱʵ
ҪԸλߣҪľǾԵʵ
ЩֶΣҪԥˣһ֣
Ϊ׵һͺȣʱλһˡһǽɱīˣɲд衣
ҲΧַһˣʲôǾʲô
ַȴɺ򶨣ղֻһԣֺߵȷвֲ࣬ѾǿԿˣԹĺ蹵
ǿСǧ磬һգܿߣҪΪǧܿͨߡ
ϵһƵģ
ЩͷַֻԺһţҪԵλߣҸɱ졣
ȻˣַҲûʲôÿġ
ʱ
һʱ䣬ַʩչʱ
ʱͬһ䳲ľ޴ɢʱյϢƺƵ˲סλߡ
ʱλһ·ʲôµҪһ
ʲô
ÿµĸо
ãˣ
ߣиеļ£ǿǺһЩǿ¡ȴѾˡ
ʱѹѺһʩչǱضŽֶΣӣͲܡ
˹ףλøߵߣֵסʱʱѹסڶʱУѹοͨߣ
Ҫ
߲ҽһʱʱһʱ֮˲ͽѹΪһ⣬·ɽַڣʧӰ١
գƺָֻƽ
һĻȴ÷ڵī
Σˣ
أˣ
߰Ȼ
ӰҲ׽ԭǶ˰ַ֮ʵǵ󡣡
ǼһǶȶҪ£ַߵߣ
īݼСǻ棬һöʯ뵽һλߵߵǿߣңǻõλߵߵ̫꣬ˡ
⻹С飬ôַ
īˣһĶЦ
ܲЦô֮ǰͷ·ڵһÿ˶ˣ˭뵽ǻܾܿ漣
УͲֵһöʯַ壬ȻһλӵŸߵʵĿֲǿߡ
ֱ̫ǵˡ
ǿ˱֮ӵǼҲʵ
һ̣û˾֮ǰīݼС̫ˣīݼСӢȻ飬ִַ塣
ĻλߣһλͨߣĽҲܱҡ
ಣ
ַһץߵķսڣɶǱܻȡʯַȱʯɲ˷ѡ
һУַַɻīҵķ֮С


1809 ޴ջʮöʯ
īҷ۵УַĿ⣬˷־ηû뵽ַȻ֮ǿںվˣ˵һǧһ򣬶ûʵ𺳡
ַѾֳǿʵߵߣʵﻹī˻Сַ壿
һģַ嵱ľͷпһµߡ
īݼС㣬Ҳ
ʱīݼСҲӦ˹Ц˵ҹȻûпˣ㣬ǿɾΣˡ
ֻһЩС鷳ˡ
ַ嵹ǫ飬ڵʵʱɲߵô򵥣ߵ߶ѹǿڡ
Ըͨߣַ˵ȷֻС鷳
ַ»ص˾֮Уʶ˲ͽ뵽ʱ֮УߣҲƣַûнնɱοҲôױնɱģͳͳַѹʱ֮С
ಣ
ַˣһߵǰȻߵеġ硱лΪߵߵǿߡ
㵽ʲô
ԷʵԵú򶨡
ʵҲУղѾԹ˺ܶ취κβ⴦ռ䣬Ҳ˵ıַѹˡ
ϵʯʯȵȣͳͳ
ţҿԽñ֤ҳȥ
أ
δ䣬߾ͺݺݵķ˳ȥ
ʱַܵʱߵߡˣҪԸͨߣʵײˡ
ûʸҽɱ㣬ܹõϵж
ߺܱҲַ֪˵ʵɱַܹõϵıԻٵһЩʲôã
㣬ͳͳ㡣
ǣһҧϵʯʯԼͳͳĽַ壬ûκεı
ַ彫ץԼУ΢һޱȵľϲ
ʯ;ʯһ𣬴žʮöңټϱʮöʯ
ǶԷȫҵǷǳˡ
һλͨߣҲΪԷͨߣԲŻôļҵַ嵱ȻЦˣȻӰһѾڵڶλߵǰ
ǵλ
編һգַϣһõʮöʯĲƸÿ˲ʮöʯҡ
һλҪ΢һЩ
Ȼ˵ܹ׬ôʯǴ󲿷ֶˣԣֻôһЩʯ
λߣַһʮöʯĲƸֱ콵ƣ֮ƣ֮ƣַõİá
Ļϲ⣬ȴײַУ˾ȡ
ңַѾһˣǺܶˣĻҲ޷ĵز
ˣַûκ
ʱҪֻҪʱУնɱߣʱǿ˹ףߵߣǶð˹֮ìһκβǡȴڴԽնɱʱ
ַ˴㣬һ˾޴ջ൱ջʮöʯĲƸǼַʣµöʯַڿɾӵʮöʯĲƸ
νǡһҹ
㹻ˡ
ߣȴûʲôøУвɱ⡣
ն
ַһʱʱȫʱеĹ޳һδεΧһδεģͨߣ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
̶߾Ѿ䡣
ˣ
ַĸоߵ䣬뵽ʱ֮СͬʱʱƺһЩصı仯
磬ǿ
ֱ磬вʱչޣǿࡣ
ַˣһɳɳĶ͹ȣˣһܹʱѸٵġɳ
ߣʱı仯ʵ󣬽ֻʱǿһ㡣һ㣬ҲʱڶԵʱиİա
ַָоʱٳɳһЩʱڵĹޣߡ
Ǹʱ򣬾㲻ð˹֮ìҲ׽˹նɱ
ʱǿ°Դ֮磬һʲôĵط
ַ۾ҲΪпԴ֮ѾԽԽ棬гһգҲúЩһȥ׷Ѱ˵еԴ֮š
ҲֻҵԴ֮ţԴ֮磬ҿԴ֮ɴ


1810 ַϷһݣ
ˣҷۡ
ַ忴Сǧҷۣˡҷٶȱī˵ķٶȶ죬ƾһͺܲˡ
һҷۣϺõٶۣյпǴȵı
ҷۼֵλչεʯȵвƸҪ󡣡
ַš
÷شǴһǰ˾Ųʮҷۼֵ󣬿ߡؽ𡱹ģıˡ
һ˵ĻûнַѾ˴ջַǳ⡣һīԨ磬Ҳ벻ջ
ַʵԼʱǿַһЩ뷨
յдΪѰһԵ
Ե֣ҪȥȡֻҪΥԼԭȥȡһЩԵΣ
ţ
ȻַƺӦʲô͵̧ͷ俪ĸӦУһӴˡ
ˣ
ַѾ˲²⡣
ʱīݼС㼱ҴҵĸһϲɫīԨѾˣ
ڵô
ַһڵīԨ硣ڸղţԼܵһ˿ΣƺʲôΣա
īݼС㣬ղѪƺīԨ粢ƽǵСһЩ
ַûбҪһīݼС㣬īݼСشʧ
Ѫѵֶˣ
īݼСһһλ֮ǰīľƿڷǳȫĵط
ﶼȫˣȻīԨľֶˡ
ַѣīݼССҵһʱīȡϵͨīϵīݼ֪īƵȷ⣬ֶˣƬʱһЩжԵ
ǣīݼ̸ı·뵽īԨ統С
īԨ磬ַҲԵúܺ档ռǧ磬ַʵѾϤˣǧ磬ûм
ǧСǧ𣬾ڿߡ
۷ϵǿߣǧ綼κССǧͲУ˵ˣһٽСǧ磬Сǧ綼
ˣСǧ粢ʺ深ܺͷչֻΪԴȡ硣Դȡ磬СǧҲ̫ڡƶ񤡱ˡ
ֻǧ磬深ܺͷչҲΪʲôôǧܿصԭ֮ڡ
Ϊһǧ磬һĸ
ȻīԨīĸīĸʴԽԽΣա
ַ뵽īԨ磬˺ͽǵǧһЩͬҲûʲô̫ĲͬոӰȫҲӵİ
ಣ
ܿ죬һӰһǿϢס˷ۡ
īݼСˡ
īݼС㣬ðȥǲɹҪʣȻȫķˣǲ˼顣
ϣīݼСܹϣڵīԨɲ̫ãѾʧ֮ˡ
ЩͱˣǱ뷴ǵĸ;ˡ
۷׷ףһ⣬īݼСһ˲ɹм
ܿ죬۽ٵһͳ֮С
ȺīˡǿϢߣһǸߵߣϢĪ⡣
ַֻ΢һӦûٸӦˡָӦױ˲ᣬַȻ᳤ʱʹá
븮
īݼСīԨλߣƺһߣһ֮һ
ˣܵ˴ΣƿʯƸȥǲɹ
ַҲûгɣīݼС˸ۡҼһλߣֻһλͨߡ
ϣ
īݼڻˣϾ
λϡĿ⣬䵽ַϡ
λ֮ǰᵽǰȫִīԨַ
λַ˵ɹˣǹƶ޷ִ
īݼСһ𵱳ӰЩļ¡ַ壬Ӱȫû޷ִǡ
ԣһݣȻ֮ǰīݼСѾᵽַīİ
ַϷһݣ㣬īϣ¶𡣡
ɫַһ񣬵ַЩԾæϲˣĳֻǮְˡ
ȴҡҡͷ
յ£Ҷ
ʲôǮ֣Ƕƭƭδˡ
ʵܼ򵥣ַʵնɱӰҪīݼһһ򾡣Ҳʲô¡
²֪٣ǻõһʲƸ
ַȴŵԣīݼǰ˴ǣǶ壡
ȻǷĵĸмַ塣
īݼ
ȻһİַҲеһǿϢѸٵĿ
ϣ
̫үү
ͬĳƺָͬһˡīԨߵ֮һϣ
л˴ֻǿһīݼ㽫ĿַϣҴ̤˹
ַϷһݣ
ַǰȴһ˾˵ľٶ


1811 ٳ£
ϣ㲻ˡ
ַҡҡͷ֮ǰĳϾѾйˣû뵽ôϣߵߣȻҲд˴Щ졣
ܴһ񣡻īݼʵī塣īݼȥǲɹīΨһϣֻƳǼīϣԿ塣Ļһнݡ
ϳ˵Ҳһַ͡ףīݼж
ѹ֣֮ǰϾôڴҲô
Ҫƶаգ
ַʵ
ʵҲƣοǶûаƳһжֻܿԵ
ȻҡҡͷǼϷֻɵİաܲƳɹÿ
ַû˵ʲôֲѯʣȴҲﲻʲôæ
ǧֻ࣬īݼȫķصīԨ磬ϷīˣлʮöʯϣҪƴǡ
˵꣬ϱóʮöʯַһ
ʮöʯ̫ˡԼֻҪһöʯ
ַ˿ջҡҡͷ֮ǰԼһöʯǾһöȡ
īΣڵϦЩʯʵҲûʲôˡοǻһǾܹīһʱ䡣һ󣬲ûƳɹ뿪ʧܣʱٴīݼһЩī뿪
ʵ൱һˡ
öʯǴǵĸߵߣرΣյ񣬷Ҳܻôʯ
ַҲóΪīԲŻôʯҲΪ˲ŻὫī·ַ塣
ַһʵʲôΣգ߻ûʲôġʮöʯɲһС֡
ǣַ˵ͷӦ˴ϵ
ַ屻ŵһƧԺ䣬òŮź򣬵ַ嶼ҪԺֻһˡ
ʮöʯǰһʮʯĲƸˣ
ַϲһ˻񣬻ջķᡣʮʯĲƸԹˡ
ʱСǧţܶʵ
ַʵһΣԡī壬ʵĲˣīϣҪƳ̸ף
Ǽһݣַ巴ī塣
һīƶʧܣǾζţīԨ磬峹ռݡַ˵ȻһΣԣҲĻᡣ
֡սҡĵطַնɱһЩ壬ûչһԴʱõ
ôõ¿ɲô
ַվԭ
ڣַֻҪĵȴɡ

ϣһжˣ
īеϣ񶼼˴ϵϡ
ң˴ϣī൱ֻλߵߣλߵߡ
вīλߵ߾ͻᱻشǱնɱһܴûƳɹī嶼ʧܵˡ
īݼұչƶΣһҪȥˣϷ򶼿͸ܰǽΣ
īݼ
Ѱˣ
īݼصĵ˵ͷ;ַأǳ򵥡϶͸Ȼһߡ
ˣīɰڴһ٣ˣ
˵ֱ߽꣬ҵУѸٵķҡڴڼ䣬ʲô鷳ҴŶ򿪡
ϣһж˳ɡ
īݼС㿴ŷյң૵һ˿

ʱţַīԨһµʱ䣬īܵ˹ǴģĹ
֪ô£ϱչƶϢй¶˳ȥ֪ˡ
ǣ忪ʼķ˸
Ƕīأһθǲ˰λǰīߣ޷֧Ԯȫסˡ
ͳУīĸ
ڣһߣֻǣڱչƶ޷ءǾֻʣλߣҶֻͨߡ
ߣռŵҪܰλߣҲܡǿ⣬Щѡ
һʱ䣬Ļ̻̣ī˶оĩһ㡣
ôܻ
¡
һҵ𶯣ж·𶯡
ڳеĲԶվŰ˵Ӱĵϣ飬壬Ȼǰ˴ߣ壬ǰīΪӴĳǳأ


1812 ֣
īݼ
ַԺ֮УϤ
īݼСǰݷãַ˷ţīݼС˽
īݼС£
īΣڵϦ޷أҿ϶ܹסī壬ôϰƶīԸٷʮöʯ
ʮöʯַ֡
ʵϣѾǳˡ
һλͨߣƵҲһöʯҰˡ
īԨ磬ȥߣҲַֻ壬ϴصɫʣߡ
ʮöʯˣδЩûٵ˼ɣһߣöʯΣʮöʯҿ԰ߡ
ַҲп
ֽߣôϣʵīЩͲˣһһʵû̫
̫ˡضնɱߣʯ⡣˵ʮöʯȫ壬ʯΣ
īݼҲǺ
ַȴҡҡͷīݼС㻹ǻȥλһĳ𸴱ɡ
ȻīݼΪöʯī϶òġһҲС˰öʯī壬֪Ҫ۶೤ʱ䡣
īݼȻ⣬λͬһ㣬ִ£ȴīݼܹģǵЩ߲
ַ嵱Ȼǳû٣ǳû٣һʮöʯҿ϶īɻӦ
ڶī˵ʯûʲôˣһǰˣôʯīһжữΪС
ʯȡʤԸóеʯ
ֻǣһʵַҲеŷաһⳡսζΪУܵ׷ɱߵߡ
ַе˷գһλöʯַҲİá
ܿ죬īݼٴηءһΣλī߶ţΪ׵һλߣַһ̫ˣʯǲȱܽһλߣ͸ʮöʯܽߣʮöʯǻõóġʱְ̣ܳī壬īĶˣ
ţ
ַЩ죬ֻҪöʯԷȴִҪʮöʯӵĵѵīĲʯ£
ַתһ룬ܿīߵ˼
īߣַ岻ңַʵնɱߣʮöʯʲô׬ˣ
һʧ˰λߣŤתīԨսƣִ£ʮöʯ̫ˡ
ַ嵹Сīĸ֡
ãʮöʯˡȥ
ַպ˶ʮ򡰶𡱣նɱ߲СѾȲ׼ȥնɱˡ
ַôīҲ¶һ˿ЦݣҪĲЧ
һߣöʯַ˻̫ˡ
ٳ£Ǿڳ⣡
ǣī̴ַ壬˳ͷ
ڳ⣬鶼壬ַҲǵһοôǿߡǵǧ磬ʵ˽ٽ߽ٽûж١
أ
Щ壬߽ٽϣǿ󣬿֮࣬ǺεȵĿֲ
Ȼϵֲһǲȫͬʵȴûжٲô壬ټУվŵİߣѹīٴеĸо
ֱҪīĳǳء
λǰ𣿡
ַָеǰʵ
ǡΪߣǱΪӽߵߵĶߣвܴǲ콫иߵ߸ʱ򣬾ǵ֮ˡ
˵ī˶硣
ڵľƶī˵ĺΣգвĻȫûʧܣ˳īԨ硣
һ浽ǸزīҲͳ壬ī˶޷ܵĽˣΪ˻ʤǻ᲻ϧһдۡ
ãĳȽߡ
ȵȣһǣסλߣĻһ˶Ըλߣѹ̫ΣҲ̫ˡ
ī˶Щġ
Ƕַ֪ʵΣһλµߣǿǿȥնɱߣѾǳˣҪֱߣôܻʤ
ˣīѾǺܡί񡱵ˡ
ַȴ⣬һЦ޷ͨ߰ˡȻǵʯǾ͵ðǽ⣬׼ҪЩͨ߾ˡ
˵գֱַӰһѾ̤˳ǽһһ˳յС


1813 һаˣʱ
ţ˭
һ߶ǵߣīɳˣ
īȷûˣ߶ɲ
İλߣտʼܽϾǺī϶ˣַһȴֶˡ
һ߶ǵߣжǿһΣǿǴʹҪ״ݻīǳأݻīƶϣ
˲⣬īҲܲ⡣˶ʶַ壬ܸоַϢȷûгΪߡ
һˣȥ
ַȥ߶ţīʿ䵽˹ȵסī֮Ĵսʧܣڸһλ߶Ըˣī廹ʲôϣ
ַɨһλߣͨߣܹаλ˵ҲǵһΡǰλ߻һλߣʵûʲô塣
ʱ
һַ̣嶯ˡ
һгһӣƺƵɢһ˿˿صϢ
䣡
һ̣ʱճӵУ͵ķɳһӭͳ˲Ϣͱ޴աһɽ֮̾ס˰ߡ
⡭ʲô챦
Ǳˡ
ơ
ǿߣһĶŭΪߣһǿֻǣʱʱս֮ǰȴǲһ
ǵģһ
ߣڱֳ״̬ǲһ
ʱרžѹǿһסѣǳ˵Ρ
ˣ
ʱ׹һֲס˰ߣֱһһӱĿտ
ߣô뵽ʱ֮Уɽʱճӣַڡ
˶Ŀɿڴ嶼ûзӦ
ǵðǿߣȥˣ
λͿǵˡ
ֱַīλ߶ʱī߲ŷӦ˹ʤˣǴȫʤˣ
īսʿǣɱУ
λһ£ʱŶīսʿ˳ȥЩɱȥ̫̫ãûйֺɱˣ֪һΣһܹʤ£ÿһλīսʿȫԸ
ַû١ɱЩ壬û塣
۾վ֮Уʶȴ뵽ڵʱ֮СÿһߣչΣֻǣЩߣܡԶԶûеɱ۵߸ԣ
ƽÿһλϣֻչγʮöʯĲƸ߼һҲаʮöʯƸ
ǰַʮʯĲƸַϵĲƸѾͻ˰أﵽ˿ֲһʮöʯĵز
һְĲƸַ嶼鼤һīԨ磬Ȼȷѡ
ܿ죬ͱˡʵʵߣ廹ռƵģսʿ
ֻϧеս߲սʤĹؼ
ûߣīȴߣȻԶ׼
һζǲܴȫʤ
ѾܾúܾöûйĴʤˡ
ӹΰһݡ
λߣڶַķڷ
ֻʵѾµַ嶯õһȴûпһֻƬﶼûᵽ
ַ΢΢һЦߣʮöʯҲǮ֣ǲлҡ
ȥϢʮöʯǻ͵Ժ䡣
ַ˵ͷ뿪˳ǽסڳɨβ£ǽīᡣ
ַ뿪λߵɫ
һλߣ˵Ҷ˰ɣǼ²Ƕô򵥣˲Ϣѹ˰ߣȸߵߡֻµߣǱǵõ
ú£ֻ˵ۣᣬǴϱչǰҵķԸ
ʲôѾ֪ѵ
һ
ڶʲôǶᣬѯʡգܻһЩˣıܹõǾǻԵĵ壬һˣȻ˵
أǶ׷׵ͷѾˣַġӰīԨսƵˡ
һؼǲ£ѵҪַƿ
ˣɻ²⣬˼ҲҪ׵ڶ


1814 ð˹֮ì
ƧԺڣַھ֮С
ǰڷŴʯԼһЩղīѾʮöʯַ壬īûʳԡ
ˣʮöʯַڵĲƸﵽ˶ٶʮöʯĵزһְĿֲ֡
ַ岻ʯࡣ
ʵϣƲ⣬ҪƽĶȹھŴμԪ٣ҽСǧɱǧ磬Ϊǧ
ҲýСǧŰٱϣҲҪʮÿһʮöʯļ۸㣬ַٵöʯ
ңöʯпܲһԹʮƵŵرǼ۸϶ӵĸ߰
ˣʯٶַ࣬Ҳ˵
һڴ֮ͥ£ʩչʱϲ˵ĵһЩ˼ʵһҪʵȷһʧ
ַʱжôǿ󡣵ҲΪʱǿ󣬲ɱ⣬ܻһЩ˼
Ͼﶼñͨ˵õˣҲһͨ
һ㣬֪öˡˣַ岻὾ԴʮԵ̰
µߣҲһ˺ö١
̰ǰʵߵûκֻԼ㣬ԶԼ
ˣַŻ뾡һа취ҪΪǧΪߡʱ򣬼㲻ʱҲյдǲ׵ġ
ڣַ屩¶ʱʵҲΪܹǿĥ󿳲񹤣¶ʱǿ
Ȼ¶ʱȴ˺ʯһص˴ǣЩʯôʵʵܶȵھŴμԪ٣Ϊߡ
ˣðһЩҲϧ
ʱȻ¶ˣַҲ̫ɥ¶ʱֻҪʵǿͲηκκ
Ȼ޷Ǿֻʱˡ
ַʱУѹ˰ͨߡһͨ߶նɱʱʲô̶ȣ
᲻ﵽɱĵز
ַ岻ȴ׼һԡ
ʱڣַһĹ޸ֶʼΧߡܿסһʱʱһԲʱչޣҲֻ޵
գ߶նɱʱ֮С
¡¡
Űʱͷ·һŵĻ棬ĬĬıšʱ𶯡
ַоˣоʱƺʲôֻǳٳٶ޷
𣿡
ַһ뵽˻˹ףǿǸߵߡǰʱѹߵߣʵǳǿѹˣҲ޷նɱҲһѹҲ޷նɱ
ң˹ףֻǺһĸߵߡַ廳ɣڵʱЩĸߵߣһܳΪ۷ߵǿߣκβ˶Է
пܱƿʱ
ǿʱѾü޵£ַ֪ĴߵߣоһλһܳΪ۷ߡ
ֻܶð˹֮ìˡôʱ˹֮ìѾ׵˹׵ӡǣԸ˹ףӦû⡣
ַ˿һӣУһĳìȻǰ˹ʥ˹֮ì
۷ߵ߶شնɱ
ֻǣʣ޼ʹΣͻ᳹ʧȥáǰַ岻ð˹֮ìΪ˹ף԰˹֮ì˽⣬һʲôǿɾ͹һˡ
ߣʱʱûɱļ󡣶ð˹֮ìشնɱ˹ףʱ˵Ҳûʵɱ䣬岻
ڣʱɱڼʱ򣬰˹׵þͺܴˡ
ݣ
ַһӣʱ˹֮ìΪһ⣬գۼĳռ䡣
⴦ռ֮Уѹһλ˹ס
ʲôʥ
˹ף̾Ͳ˰˹֮ìֻϧҲɱǰ˹֮ì׼

˹̫˽ʥˣȫͼ赲˹֮ìûκá
˹֮ìΪһâֱӾͶ˰˹ס
ֻǶֻشûֻǰ˹֮ìһι
ͣ
˹֮ìһιʱð˹ףߵߣ۾ɵúܴܲģѸٵţֻܵ˱İռ֮С
˹ףˣ


1815 Ѫף
ˡ
ַ忴Ű˹׵䣬ʵһָӵĸоǧ뿪дΨһ顱ģ˹ˡ
ַҲκβףϾǸߵߡҶð˹֮ìЩ᲻ãˣ͸
ڣַ廹ڶ˰˹֮ì˹նɱ
ڰ˹֮ìâֻʹһΡ
ַĸо˹׵䣬ʱƺʼһЩصı仯ֱ仯ַܴܴ
⻹ֻһߵߵ䣬Ȼʱɱ䡣ʱʱɱĹؼٽ㣬ַȻ;ϡ
һ˹ףֻϧ˹֮ìֻһʹõĻˣˣһ㲻նɱ˹ףҲҪشԷ
ַеİ˹֮ìâֻʹһΡһһûش˹ףôַǺҲĲ˹ס
ʱ֮Уַŵƣң԰еĹ۲˹ףҵԷʱ׾١
۲˼ʱ䣬ڣַƺ˻ᡣ
ʱ򣡡
̴ַ߶˰˹֮ì
ݣ
˹֮ìΪһ⣬Ѹٵķ˰˹ס

İ˹֮ì˲䶴˰˹ףսԻͣһӾͽ˹شһϢ
ڶԷ˼Ŀ֮УַԳ֣նɱ˰˹ס
¡
ڰ˹һַ̣оʱƺһЩԵı仯ʱھҵ𶯣ʼɱ䡣
ڿʼɱˡ
ַһֱڴʱɱ䣬֪ʱһɱ󣬾ʲôӣȴܿ϶ɱʱһԶ
ϣʧ
ַ۾ʱɱ䡣Ҫһʱ䣬죬£˭Ҳ˵

һ¡¡¡
תۼ䣬ʮµʱȥˡԴһΣīߵĹ֮ʮµʱ䣬īǳضԵúƽ
Ȼֻں󷽣Եƽʵǰߣīȴɽڽܡ
ǣϢīλߵߵĳϣֵסλߵߣһλߵ߲֪١
һī˶˾衣
˭Ҳ֪ߵ߾ʲôطǰǵȻη壬ΪīǳдϣīǿĴڡ
ڣīȫȫչƶͲܷġһиߵϮ롣
ֻǣԽʲôԽʲô
ڣĳһ죬һɢſֲϢӰڳʱī˶ٴС
Ĵ֮һѪף
ţѪףԭʧҪϢǵĳǳء
Ѫˣأ
ī˶뵽˿ֻŵС
λīߣҲһٴУǺĿǰǳڵҪǿѪףͲܡ
أûгأ
ûУڱչء
ˣǻ𣿡
ҲȥҹˣֻǣԺȫգҲڱչأƺ˹ؼʱ̣κ˶ǰȥš
ʲôҲڱչءˣεסѪף
סҲõʲôʱ򣿱־ɳǣȫһУϧһдۣҲһҪ赲סѪסϳɹƶһΪǱ𣡡
ߣһɫࡣҲīǳأҲֻܿˡֻǣһߵߣʤ㣿
ಣ
ߣѸٵķɳ˳ڣѪңңš
ѪױһԳһѪɫĳˣѪףΪ졣һīλߣޱ˵ǻλߣ
ǣ
īʱҲֻܡӲĻش
ƾߣҲ˴ߵĶ֣ܣǵĴϣ˵ǵĴһٺ٣֪ƳɹûУҼʶһΣ
Ѫ׵Ļλɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ѫ׶֪ƶˣ˵ʵûа·ϡ
ƣ
רŵʦв϶׼ȫһҲܱ֤ƳһοīĴϣ
ңƳΣ
źܴţǵ죬޽ӽ۷ߣǶҲκβáֻīӲдһ翵ϣˡ
ھҪīƮ죬ʵʵĭī峹ʧȥϣ
ƾǣסôϳɡ
סҲԡ
֪
ѪЦһĳ΢΢һʱգۼ͵һī׵ǰֻһצ

īףȻͱץ촷ۣգۼѾˡ
࣬ʵ̫ˣ
īϣ
Ѫ׵ƺƵǳء
¡
ȻһɳϢ·ǻɽһЯޱߵŭ
Ѫ
޴ֺص֮С


1816 ϳأ
ϣǴϳˣ
̫ˣû뵽ϾȻˡ
һƶɹˣڿԶԸˡ
īλߣѪնɱһֻʣλͨߡȴûж˱ˣԴ忪ʼͼıīԨ֮Ѿˡ
ڴϳأǿϣ
ţīϣóˣ
ѪЦһҲһ˿ɵīϣǽǿ׵ĴڣȻһЩ࣬ҲѪǿ
ֻǣǸߵߣǿҲޣѪֻǼɵϣȴηϡѪٶȼ죬ӣҲ޿κΡ
ѪУΪ̽ϵʵ뿴ϵǼûƳɹ
ϣ֪ĶûƳɹ
ѪЦʵ
ɫͬ꺮һƺبŲ䡣
ûƳɹɱ㣡
˵
ôϣҪɱң»÷һֽš
˵꣬Ѫʧˣǵģʧˡߣǳ˹ȥֻΪٶ̫죬ˣоͷ·ʧһ

ŭȷǿֻǣٶȼѪףҲûиõİ취ס
Ѫսϲη壬ĽѪشնɱѪٶȣ޿κΡ
ƶΪ˷ֹ
ͣ
Ѫһλߵǰһץͽնɱ
ˣǶ˻سǳȥ
Ͻʣµλߺ
һʧλͨߣҲʹȴ޿κΡ
ϣ㲻ƶöԸңĻ˻سǳȥʲôãһǳأѵסңûλߵԱ߸㣬ҺΣһ˾ɱǳء
Ѫ׵Ļôɫ࣬ޱȵķŭȴѪ׵Ļûκοʡ
ǷΣѪǳء
ţϣˣ㶼ʹöĪǣûƶߣʧˣ
Ѫ׵ʱҲƺʲô
ɫ¶һ˿ǵģøߵߣȻҲ¶ɫ
һ̣īﶼ⡱һǴӸղŴϳصϲ鼫׹׹䵽˹ȵס
ʧˣƶʧˡ
ϣҲʧˡ
ϣⲻģ
ôʧܣô׼ôʧܣ
ˣλߣһĿⶼŴϡһֻ̣֪𰸣Ѫ׵вƺӶˡ
ϵĿһɨ˵ѾƳɹˣֻǣʲô壿ƳɹԸѪףѪǰɱ䣿
ԸڸǲʵûƳɹ
ʧˡ
գ׿ڳ˶ʧܡ
һʱ䣬ϵľһʧһǳضİãƺںޣ󲿷˶Ŀ¶֮ɫ
īϣѾʧܣǻʲôָ
Ȼʧˡī壬һȺ޴ˣôƵģҪôƣղ֪жٶˡǵԻ͵ʱҲûһƳɹ
Ѫ״Ц
ʵѾԤ֮УѪһǰֻȷһ°ˡϾѪ׵ٶȣҲκβá
Ѫף˵ô硣ûжī廹ߵߣ볹ռīԨ磬Ҳǳ룡
ɫ˵
˭ʧȥģܣ
īϣīĴϣΣʧȥ־ʧȥġ
ûжΣΣΣ
ֻҪڣͲô׾ռīԨ硣
ѪĿһ۴ϣǼȻ¶һ˿ЦݣϣľãֻһֻΪ̽飿
ţѵ
һ䣬ƺ뵽ʲô
Ҳµˣչƶʱ䣬īʣߵߣƴǣǣѵǲٺ٣ҲһСϲסʥףɡ
Ѫ׵Ļ£͵ķ⣬ԻӰ
ӰīͨˣǴϣɫһӴ䣬˲˹ȵס


1817 Σ
ʥף
һһ䣬յУǵɢšʥࡱâ塣г˸ӵĸ顣
ʥףеǿߣҲ޽ӽ۷ߵĸǿߡʵô꣬ī֮ԽڽڰˣҪؾʥס
ûʥףߵߣīҲڽڽڰ˵˵زһʥףͳīߵߣߵ֣Ҳʥ׵Ķ֡
Щ꣬īȫǲ־һֱս£ŹӲд
ֻǣʥ׼ȻôһоͶˡ
ϣҪ״ݻīϣǧ򲻸ҪƶûƣҪͻƷߣһʱ䡣ڣͿǰߵߵߣһλ׾ǣˡ
ʥ׸߸ϣһˣɢƾѹưڵīˣ˵סѪԱ߻
һΣīˡ
ʥǵīˣҴ뿪īԨ磬ԶҲٻˡ
ãϺһӡϡ࣬ѾûɡˣˣƶʧܣֱʥīĳǳǰʲôʸԿ
ҪԿȥī»ᱻ壡ⲻǴԸ⿴Ŀ֡
뿪ϣӦҲգ֪յжôĲпᡣô˽գҲֻ·һοյУ֮Ĵսûл͵𣿽ɱ㣬ɱߵߣ練ơû㣿ǣʣµī壬Ҳֻʱ⣬彫󻼡ôѡѵף
ɫࡣ
ʥǲīκһ·ҪϾɱ
ʥ˵սĲп״̬ضһܷζԷ뿪
Ͼε뿪˭ܱ֤Ժ˲
ܸϾɱǾ;Ϣ
ߵľͶ߰ɣϷڴˣ̤Ϸʬ壬˵κһīˣ
ս죬Ҳ־
ǵģѾ֮ˣͬʱʣµīͨߣɵ˴ϵߡ
һ̣ΨǵĹޡ
ī˶գһЩѾʼˣ󲿷ȴڳڡ
ӣӵȥ
ߣóȻӽգֻ·һīԨ磬󷽵ĳǳأī˻ȥ
ī˶Ѿ֮ʣ벻ӣʵ϶ûκβ
С㣬ǻǸϽ߰ɡ
ǰīݼС㣬һûµġ
һ²ΪС뿪īԨ磬ǰǡˣǶִдϵ
īݼһֻܴĿյУΡȴһɼįĸо·ɶ˻һ㣬ֱʥס

ڣַϸĸʱı仯Ѿʱʱ൱һ֡
ˣĸܵʱı仯
̶̼ڣʱͷ˷츲صı仯
ߵʱڱնɱɢʱ֮ڣʱաʱʼɱ䣬ֻǣɱĹǻģɱʱҲȽʮµʱ䡣
ڽգƺʱɱڽˡ
䣡
ַһʵʱڣ͵ӿֳһɿֲַĸܵʱһǿʱ֮ƺӵĺƺƵʱڵĿռ䣬ƺһЩ
ؼʱڵʱչǣȻȫɱˣһͷͷޣϢ䣬Ѿͨˡ
յУһʵɱ䡣
ܹż֪Ƕ롣ַ壬ûܿжôѡ
ЩʱչޣȴΪʱɱ䣬ɹĿżֱ̫ˡ
Щʱչޣַǰо
ӵŲֻܴ֮ʱ֮ڡһַŲƳʱ̾ͻɢ
ˣЩʱչޣʱϢϢأǶǵʱڵĲʱܲɷֵĹϵ
ʱһɱ䣬ȻͻЩʱչ޵ϡ
ʱɱ䣬΢ָһЩԴ֮ڶķˡ

ַ׼һ鿴һʱı仯ʱĶȴһϤϸһӦüͷһ塣
īݼСôˣ
ַӦīݼСƺ״̬Щ̫ԾƬ̡ջ뿪˾ҡ


1818 ַ֣ǿѹ
īݼСַԺʱѾ»ָ򶨡
βԸ⣬Ҳʵīܿˣдϵ־úõĻȥҽгһգܹī˾Ӧġ
ˣô£ַ壬ͷǳбҪˡ
īݼСһʱѰַ壬ֻǣԺ⣬ļƺûлӦ
īݼС鲻ǰ׼ӲʱڴһϤīݼС㣬ôˣ
ڽչˡ
īݼСϲ⣬ҪӲˣһӲַľޣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô¡
ھͺܺãַˣ鷳
īݼС㣬ôҴҶ£
ַ廹Щɻ
ڱչأ֪ڵΣѾˣʧܣߵ߱ٳ£ǿʥҲˣīΣڵϦ
īݼСҲûԥܿͽʼĩˡ
ַףԭīѾô£ΣûƳɹĻ֮ʣʥף¸׶༪١
ǿ»ðǻصǡʯһϡ
īݼС㻰û˵ַ꣬һֵýĳôп룬ַȷΪʯɴԼīλûеĳīѣĳôʹ뿪
ʲôǧҪ嶯ǿߵߣʥף޽ӽ۷ߡǶīˡ
īݼС㲢ַȥðա
ַһЩ֮նɱͨߣԸߵأ
Ҫ֪ߵߺͨߣȫ磬һһأȫᲢַۡһȥսߵߣҲ׶༪١
ַȴЦ˵ģĳɲȥοߵ߾ɱĳǻĺԶˣǲһֱܺ棬ĳıܴﵽֵزģǾȥһɣ
˵ַ꣬˲仯Ϊһ⣬Ȼֱķս
ôȥս
̫Σˣһ£ô죿Сô죿
ǸϽȥһɡ
ΨīݼС㣬ַʧıӰһ˿ɡ
ѵܴһ˿漣

ಣ
ַѾ˳ս
˵սʵһߵġɱǵģȫȫǡɱߵߣɱīͨߡ
īϣҲʥ׵¼֧ţѾܵشֻּܼʱ䡣
̫ˣ
ַһ۾ͿʥףԷϣɢʥĹâۻ룬ѹءûжַ嶯֣ƾѹַеǳѹ֡
λʥףַΪֹǿߵˡ
ַ壿ôˣ
Ͽַˣ¶˽֮ɫ
ʥס׵ˣҲĿַϡ
ʥ׿ַֻͨ߶ǵߣҲûȤ
ϣѾѱˣܵűˣ
ʥѾƿش֣ȻԵø߸ϣݲȡ
ַ֪˵Щʲô֪īʣλͨ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷЦϣնɱһͨߣǸʮöʯնɱ˸ߵߣǿɱ˻ʯ
˵ַ꣬ͻΪһ⣬ס
ţ
ײȻŭղַĻȻ֪ʲô˼һ߶ǵߣҲߵߣ
Ҹ׷ŭǣλߵߣַȴƫƫѡѵǾöԸ
һλΪ£߶ǵ߸ӡˣȻȻŭ׼ַһʹĽѵַֻ֡Сӡʱַ嶯ˡ
ʱѹ
䣡
ʱճӳ֣һ޴䳲Ƶı͵ѹ¡һоȻϵΣյĸоǼΣա
⡭ǣ
һʱѹ£ʱʱս֮Ѿ䵽ϡ
ʱ׻޷ˡ
øߵߣʱ򣬾ȻһҲܶ
ô£ܡ
ޱȵĿֻţīĸߵߣҲôֻšڿʱѹ£ƴıڵ
ֻǣɽ֮£ǿϢͷ·һȦȦĽסһû˿
䣡
ڣʱ͵£˲佫ѹնһӱİƺˣһĻˣһĶʱַ塭


1819 ˵еԴ
һ
һֱƺûܹȵһʱ䣬Ѫסʥƺʶʲô
ң
ѪײȻŭҲӦ׵ϢˡҪ֪ǿףõĸߵߡҲֻλߵأأ
ȻһߵߣûϢ߸ӦϢǲ
ܾò˼飬ţѪסʥȴòĴ㣬ˣҾһߵߡ

ʥ˿漴Ŀַ̰ǰʱ
һһ˲Ϣնɱһλߵߣ
ˣ
϶סˣ·𲻸ǰһĻ
ףҲ֪˶ٽʵǴҪնɱףҲ˴Ըһһܹ
أ
Уֻе㡰桱ַ壬ܺãõһ챦ַ壬ô׾٣Ѵ֮նɱףնɱһλߵߣ
Ǵ˵ʲôš
ᣬīĻᣡ
ϲǸߵߣ̾ͷӦ˹ǻᣬĻᣬַʲôֶΣնɱףʹַʵ
ⲻī漣
ǳϷϡģնɱκһߣдʯϡնɱһߵߣʮöʯһöʯܽĴߵ߶նɱҹİöʯҲһϡ
ϵĻգԭīˣ̲סһЦ
ʣµʥѪײȻŭǾֵֻһöʯ
ʵһöʯѾˡ
ڴǣնɱߵߵҲãҲǼʮöʯȻǵ񣬼ûȥӡ
ʵǿĿʮöʯʵҲֻ۲ѣҪǾȥ
īΣܺķİöʯܳ׽ĸߵսǼֱֵ̫ˡ
īǣʧأҪ֮İöʯ׾١
ַ嵱Ȼûѡ뿪ǼսʵΪʯţī岻ʧ
ڿȻˡ
ܻİöʯַ幺Ҳ㹻ˣʱ򣬶ȹھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧӵߵǲ֮أ
ΪǸʱַӵԼǽʱ
ǾһΪˡһöʯѾˣöʯ
ַĿֶѪס
Ѫ׻ʥףʵ˿̶ַġַУѾףǸߵˣߵʯ
ַȱľʯЩߵߣоʯŹ
ʱճӣ
ַʩչʱճӣ͵ĳѪϯȥ
Ѫ׵ٶȺܿ죬ֻʱճܽѪ׾УȻסѪףֻҪܹ΢ǣһַʱѹѪס
ãˣ
ѪһѪɫ΢΢һȣҪ롣ַʱճֵķΧ
Ѫ׸޷ߡ
ʥƺѪ׵Σŭһֲ˲䱬ͼ赲ĴҲ𿪡
ͬʱʥϵʥâһΪһ޴Ĺݺݵײʱ֮ϡ
¡
ʥ׺һֲǾλ޽ӽ۷ǿߵȫһ֮ǿֱ˼
˶𾪵ǣʥ׵ȫһ䵽ʱ֮ϣȻֻʱ΢𵴣ҵĲûУӶˡ
⡭ôܣ
ʥ׶۾·𲻸š
ԼȫһûиߵԸӲӲסǸǲܡ
ǶҲ޷ȫһ
ҲΪʲô֪ƶȴ򶨵ԭʵܴûƳɹīˣʵûκθı䡣
ֶһ
ǶʥҲܿ⣡
ڣʥȴ֣ȫһȻ޷ʱҲ˵ʱǶô򵥡
Ƕʲô
ʥԺкȻһֲͷǶζţַʱǴ˵еԴ


1820 ʥ׵̰
Դ
ʥԺһ˲ͱúƺ˶˷
Դ붼ģÿһԴĳ֣𼫴ķ
ں֮Уһ챦ҲᡣֻжųƵǿԭܼ򵥣϶ֻ۷ߵ֮
۷ߣöʵҲܷӳӦеܡߣöҲܷӳһ
ҲǶΪʲôܵ׷ԭ
īϾҪƳһԿʥף׻塣
īҲ֪ǸͲܣǿҲҪ˭С
󲿷ߣʵֻ֪ƺϣʵϣڶ֮ϣһִ˵еıԴ
ԴǴԴ֮ģûܹƳԴ
ԴףԶȴʮֵϡ١һߣǳԴҲԽսǺܷĿǰַ״̬
ֻǣԴٺ٣һ֣Ǽ߶Ϊ֮
ߣʵȻȷ۷ҪǿʵҲûǿ٣Ͳѹɱ۷ߡ
ʵϣ۷ߣǱضѹɱ
ǼߵĿ֮
ԭҲܼ򵥣ΪߣӵһԴ
Ҳ˵Ƿߵı׼ܼ򵥣ǾǿǷӵһԴһ۷ӵһԴҲܳΪߣ
£һ߶һ֪ʥΪ޽ӽ۷ߵǿߣȴ
ˣĺĿַǰʱ
ʱʲôī壬ʲôīԨ磬ʥͳͳԺһеһУûǰַһԴҪ
һõԴҲǧ磿ī壿
ɱ
ʥһͺղһûַܺʱȴҲһЩӰ죬ǾסʱѹѪס
ܹؼ
Ļʥ״˿̾͵һʱˣһԴʥ۷ߣǶʲô
ַܵѪ׵ǣƣչһϣ
ַ岻֪ʥ׵뷨ȴܿʥ׵жʥ׹ϳƼΪңƺһҲҪôȫƴ
ַʥ֮ǰûмնɱףʥ߸ϵǿڣҲһʼͺƴ
ʵȴǣʥ׵ȷںƴ
һλøߵߣһ߽ӽ۷ߵǿһʼͺַƴҪ֪ϣַ߶ǡ
ʲô鶼ԭġ
ʥôһ֣ƴҲһԭ
ַ忴ʥеķԼһ˿˿̰
̰
ַȻˣʥ׶̰ͼʱ
ʵǴϣҲĽӵôһǿıֻǣṵ̂ĵزʥףȴޱȵ̰ϧƴҲҪõʱ
ǿʱ⣿ǣʥʲô
ַ岻֪յУǳೣʶʥһ֪϶Ķʥȴһ֪
޽ӽ۷ߵʥףûô򵥡
ַ˿ʥ׺ܻץסʱԷһӱȷַһЩšʱɱ󣬾жǿַԼ
ʱȴַ
ȽѪף
ַ¶˾ģһҪȽѪףʥ׵ĹǾֻܿʱӲˡ
ϣʱֵܵס
ѹ
̴ַ߶ʱʱʱеʱ֮ݺݵĳѪһƺͲںʥס
ⷴʥһϲ
ȻѡӲҵһԴһҵġ
ĿϲǧѷĻᣬǲϧһдۣıˡһ̣ȫɽһȻ
أ
޴ݺݵʱ֮ϡ
Ǽʶַ壬˰˹ڵߵߣ˿ȴɸе𺳡
ʱûɱ䣬Ѿܹѹߵߵİ˹ˡڸɱ䣬ﵽ˶ôֲĵز
ǰַ岻֪֪ˡ
ַ嶼ļµʥףȫһݺݵĺʱ֮ϣȴͬݺһʱب֮УȻ
һĻʥϵЦ˲̡


1821 ն
ܡ
ʥײԼ۾
Ȼ֮ǰһҲûκεʱһȫԸط۷ߣԷҲҪݱܷâ
ڣʥ׵һȻ޷ʱһ̣ʥ׾֪Դ²һͨԴˡ
⾿һԴ
ʥ׵ԺУһ˿ͷ
ֻǣûʱˣΪʱѾϯ֮ǰӲʱΣʥʱʱǸе𺳺ļ¡
ʱʱ֮һʥ׻΢
Ҳַ嶯ʱʱΨһˣʥ׵ĲֻϧʱһɱʱʥٲҲ޼ˡ
ɱ֮ǰʱַ廹ûаܽʥѹڣһжôˮɡ
䣡
ʱһ£ʥ׵ӰҲʧӰ
ʥסѪԼף׼ǿߣͳͳַѹһ̣ī˶ڻ
Ǻζʲô
ζţīĿѣҪˡ廹ʣһλߵߣΣ
ͲӰˡ
ֱǾطֱľϲ
ǰһ̣ī˻žƺų漣ֻǣϵĳ֣ûиǴ漣Ǵ˾
˭뵽һλµİߣǵľ
ಣ
ϵһʱɵַ࣬ʱΪһâַڣȴֻǿһۣûκε뷨
Цʲôı
ʥ׶ѹַһ˾ͱҪֲַ֪ıܲΣͲ֮ġ
ϣʹߵߣϵöʯɲһС֡
ģ˵öʯ࣬Ҳʲôī壡
Եúܸˣû뵽ܾ
ǲīݼǰǣһǵľȻīݼĲϣûƳȴһַ塣
ǼֱȶҪãֱӾͻīΣشī彫峹īԨ磬Ҳֻʱˡ
ϣһλߵߣ費Ҫĳһ˳ָˣ
ַЦеʵ
ʵϣöʯɲһС֣ȥīʵҲ̫ѡ
û뵽ȴһڴӦٳ֣һĸߵߡ
īȻҲп
޷ٶһöʯˡöʯˣʹٶһöʯΣ
ؼǣ峹׸ϾɱնݳҪġ廹һλߵߣ̴ߣīҲ޿κΡʱȻ޷նݳ
ַһߵߣôһоͶðˣīýīԨ壬һʣͳͳīԨڡ
ãĳȥȥ
ַ嵱ϣҲûκԥֱӳǰ߷ȥ֪һλߵϾīλߵǣţܺѰҡ
ַʧ󣬴ֹ
ҡҡͷҪ˼Ҫס£ǾܣǼϢй¶򣬲ĲǣпܣīԨ֣֮
ϵޱء
ļʶȻԶԶȲʥףַ֪ʱܿһԴܹһλµߣѹ޽ӽ۷ߵǿߣնɱߵͬԷˮ򵥵ıһı
ȱ۷߶ޱȵĶ
й¶ϢīҲʲôô֮֡
ο޷ַŭ
ϻô꣬᲻
īһݣȻҲˣһĳ˵Ϸģǻ´κī˶ýϢй¶
ĵ˵ͷǼ¶һ˿ЦݵڣǾ;ĵȴϢˡˣǵҪİöʯ
ǣϣ
ǣڶī˶׷ж
İöʯֻСһ׮ī٣ȫܹ֮ġǺīܻΣ˭ˣû˻᲻ʯ
ڴźϢĵ
һǰߴϢһλߵߣַѹɾīȫʤ


1822 Դ֮أ
ɾīΧīԨУһ壬Ҫһʱ䡣Ѿַ޹ˣնɱλߵߺ󣬾ͻصԺ侲֮У¡
İöʯûиַַҲżϾİöʯɲһС֣īҲҪʱĴ롣
ַʶ뵽ʱ֮УĴߵߣַѹʱڡ
ɱʱѾˣǸߵߣҲ׾ٵѹңҪǣʱɱʱչޣѾܹɱߵˡ
ַʱչޣΧһĸߵߡʱչɲǸߵߵĶ֣ʱչԴԴϣҼǲ֮
ңЩʱչҲͨߣˣҲܶԸߵ˺ʱƣһģգǺһߵߡ
ַ½ġλߵߡ
Щĸߵߣһļ主ԣÿչεĲƸټֵϰöʯ
һ£ֵַõ˲öʯĲƸһǿһλߵߣʥף
ַûնɱʥףţΪһЩ⣬Ҫѯʥס
ಣ
ַʥ׵ǰ
⴦ռ䣬ַרΪʥ׼ģȫסʥף䲻öǰʱ޷ʥס
Ͼλ˹ףʱ޷׽ҲֻɱʱܽסʥףԶԶַ
ʥס
ַ忴ʥףʥҲַ塣
˵ɣҪʲô
ʥֱ˵˵ַ֪ɱ϶Ŀġ
ʥףʶ㣬ʱǲʲô
Ȼַûô޶֪ۡһʥײʲô򲻿һʼƴ
ʥĿַһۣã̾һ޷һ߶ǵߣȻӵһԴҵõԴˣ۷֮ˣһҳ۷ߣǾߣֻϧУ
ţԴ
ַץסеĹؼɴû˵Դ
ٺ٣㲻֪Ҳ㣬īҲ֪ԴֻЩ۷ߣһЩϵ߲֪ңǡǡڻԵɺ֮£֪Դ
Ҫַ׷ʣʥ׾Ѿ٩٩̸ûκα
Ѿˣ֪䵽ַУܻӳǾԲʹһ㡣
ֻ֪۷߲ƵıīϣҪƵıǶڶ֮ϣһ޷Ƶı˵հ޷ƵıӴ˵еԴ֮Դӵв˼ܣ۷ߣһõԴͿԳΪߡ
ʥ׵٩٩̸ַҲ˽⵽˹ԴһЩʶ
ô˵ʵʱһԴֻûɱʱأֻ൱ڶֻɱ󣬲൱ԴƺʱûȫָһȫָôֲԴ
ַԺͷ
ʱһԴȻϲϾѾ²⣬ʱǴԴ֮ģˣҲ̫⡣
ʥᵽֻƬƺԴԸ۷ߣǼ߶ǳҪ
۷ߣֻҪӵԴǾǼߡ
ûԴ˵ʵʵ̫޴ˣֱһԽĺ蹵
ⲻַһ˿ͽȸС
ǰûɱʱֻ൱ڶЩ۷߻߼ߣʵǲ̫ˡ
Ͼ۷߾ơ
ڣɱʱ൱ԴͺܲһˡԴ޷ƣȫõһ֮ҡ
۷߻߼ߣַ֪ôһԴ롣
ԴкܶࣿǴʲôطģѵԴ֮ţ
ַһ⡣
ʥҡͷЦ浱Ǽ߻հˣûԴ֮ţҲ֪ԴģҾ͸֪ˡԴʵǳϡ٣͵¼ߵҲϡ١ٺ٣ӵôһԴǸǻһ
ַĬãҲѯˡ
֪ĶѾ֪ˣǣһ֣ʱչʥס
ܿ죬ʥҲˣ˲öʯĲƸ
һλ޽ӽ۷ߵǿߵĲƸȷǳַ


1823 ǧң
ַͳһ£ߵߣϵĲƸ͸ߴöʯ
֮ǰַҪʮҪöʯǸʱַöʯֱһ֣֪ö೤ʱܴ롣
ڣַնɱλߵߣѾöʯĲƸƺöʯͲʲô
ʵʯҲôԻˡַⶼʱĹͣûʱʱûɱ䣬ͲնɱʥףȻҲûа취ôʯ
幥ռīԨ磬ôīݼСǱīԨ硣
ʵһжת˹
ַΪӮң
ûãīİöʯҲ͵ַǰöʯַߵϣͻ˾ŰʯĲƸ
Ǽ֮ǰĶٶʮʯַϵĲƸѾﵽһǧһٶʮѾǧöʯĲƸ
Щĸߵߣ¶û֮ĲƸֻЩ۷ߣܻôĲƸ
ôĲƸַ˼ҲЩȲôƸ㹻㹻ˡ
˵򣬾չҲȫ´ˡַȻʱ޽ӽ۷ߵǿҲѹ
Ͼ۷ߣҲ鷳
Լɿ
ǣ죬ַ뿪Ժ䣬ϴС
ϣлīʢĳһЩˣҪشǴˣϸǡ
ֱַҵ˴ϡ
Ҫ뿪
ЩԾʵ׶Σǲַ뿪ġִַҪ뿪Ҳûκΰ취
ϣīѾƿסīԨľƣûĳʵûκιϵ
գϻǵ˵ͷԶīĶˣպ󲻹ʲô£㶼ԻصīԨ磬ĵڶ硣
˵ʵ⣬ַ嶼Щ⶯
֪ҿɷࡣ
ȻīݼСַǰһһ˵ľ
īݼС㣿
ַ忴һ۴ϣƺϲûжôȣӦ֪ġֻǣôĽīݼУ
ַƺԥЦ˵īݼԴǺϤңīԨ磬ʵɾҲޡߣһԵ
ַ忴īݼС㣬ʱദȻ֪īݼСıԡһĵԸᶨҶñͨ
֮īݼԴǺϤַڴ㣬ôһֵΣҶԴϤȷʡȴٵ鷳
ðɣǾīݼСˡ
ַӦˣīݼԴϲæл
īݼĺѣѾַ֪ǿ󣬾ǴҲȲϡǣַڻûгΪߣһΪߣöôǿ
ַǱܹﵽʲôز
հ
īݼַֻ֪ڱֳʵѾ׷ˡ
²˳٣ھͷشǡ
īݼСҲѾ׼ˣûʲôʰġǣַīݼõһҷۣ뿪īԨ磬ŴǷȥ
ϣīݼС
Щǡ
кβģ
ַʧķζ˵гһգǶīݼϣ
˼
һīݼˣīҪĻ壬֮أҸȼ

īԨ緵صǣһ·Ҳûʲô鷳ȽϺá
ոջصǣַīݼ
кηԸ
īݼֵ̬ȺܺãѸٵתݣڵǹͱӶĹϵǡˡӵĹϵ
ǵģīݼڽԼݶλΪӣַӣ
һҲַ⣬īݼݣҺܴǣַҲÿīݼ
īݼ֪
֪һƶĲϣֻһ㲻ôʹá
ǲ϶⣬Сǧ硣ţҪԼһЩܹСǧŵرʲô㹻ٶʮһЩҲûϵ֮õڶʮ䣬ף
ˡ
ˣȻǾȥɣ졣
ֱַӸīݼöʯһʾ޿īݼһ̲סһַ塣
ǴϵĺᣬʵҲΪУһӵõöʯк𺳡
īݼҲףһ˵ġɹַĿ飬ˣһˣ߾ȫַ⣡


1824 Ϣ
ʱһĹȥַҲûżһֱڵ״ַ̬زʵҲἤ
һ뵽ȹھŴμԪ٣ַҲܼƽ
ˣīԨַһֱڵ״̬Ľ״̬ĵȴīݼĹ
һ¡¡¡
ÿīݼ飬ַҲ⡣
һֱ˰ʱ䣬īݼڻˡ
ʮ˶ʮϢһķʮöʯʣµʮöʯպá
ַ۾ǰʮ˶ԼʮϢȻûжʮַҲ֪Ҫڶʱڴʮʵǳѡ
Ϣƣ۸Ҳࡣ
൱ڶʮ˶ƽֻʮöʯһ䣬֮ǰַ幺һ仹Ҫһöʯ
īݼĺܲ
ַĵ˵ͷ
ʱ䣬ʵīݼȥʲôַ嶼
īݼܱǴССеĵ̣ԼһЩ̡øֶΣһһ̸ļ۸
ǰַʮ⣬οĺܺá
Ψһв㣬īݼġβ͡ˡ
ȥǱˣҪ⣬ɱ⣡
ַ͵ĻصڼϿ̽Ժİ˶СЩһ֪īݼˡ֡ˣǶ׷׵ĳ롣
ھ᲻֣ǾͿԼˡ
ַֻǳˣʲôַҲη塣
βͣ
īݼɫһףȻַ˼ˣ
ʵīݼѾֵĺܺˣײƲ¶׵ĵ˺üҵȥ򡣵ߴٶöʯĽף¶ˣ˸١
ǸߵߣǾͺöˣ졣īݼ߶ǣ޷⡣
ҡ
ַҡҡͷѾĺܺˣһչءٽһ£ǾȥɫһƧס۸£ѡ
ַҪڴǡòˣǣǸܲĵطȻ˴ʯַɲġ
ǣ
īݼܸˣܱ˸ˣַ
ʱһȥַڵ״̬о״̬ûеԲ״̬Ҳʼôʯ㡣
ַҪ㣬Сǧİ취ɲУ
ȻַѾˣ㣬ֻǺķַһöʯˡʯʵ̫ˣ㵽ƾ
ַȻ˴ľʯȻҪ㵽״̬Ҫ©ַ˵ȵھŴμԪ٣ڵ֮أûʲôȵȵھŴμԪٵҪԣˣ
ǣַķ˴ʱ䣬ľʯ㡣
һööööʮö
תۼ䣬ַڶ̶̵ʱڣѾķ˳ʮöʯһڼķšһΣļΪϸûκ©һ©㣬˺ķѵľʯֱԼ
ַ֪Ȼ˷Ѿʯ֪ʹĵʲôز
ַУʯãǾû˿ļֵ
ʮöʮöʮö
ڣַʮöʯˡ
һ㣬൱ģַ©ȱǳ˵һε㣬֤Сǧǿеġ
ֻŰٱУԽԽá
ٱĻϾɱˣǰǼԪ֮УַСǧܹŰٱ
ˡʹˣھͿôԼϢܽСǧŵʲô̶ȣ
ַھŴμԪԽԽԽˣԽСĽ
ǣַѸٵͶһ
һǺ֮ǰһַСǧ缫ٵţֻſƺԻ
ΪַСǧ磬֮ǰѾ˼ˣžͻһЩʵϣȴͬ֡
һ䡢䡢䡭
һֱʮַ巢֣ЧȷһЩҵá
ַһǷǳеġ
ⲻַһ
תһ룬ʹϢһʹãַȻľȻЧҪá
Ϣһʹãʹ̫ΣѾûˡ
ַͷǣɴһԣֱӽʣµԼϢͳͳͶ뵽Сǧ統С
뿴ʹôԼϢܹﵽʲôز


1825 ˣھŴμԪ٣
һٶʮ
ԼϢʹַ꣬忴ǰСǧ硣Ա֮ǰһûʹõʱﵽһٶʮ
ַŰٱļƻ
ʵϣַ巢ϢЧܺãʹһЩСǧıӦûЧٱٱпܶ⡣
һܻĺܳʱ䣬һķѴʯǿɾͲǼʯôˡ
οǼʯѵһС֣
ַܹջ񳬹ǧöʯҲǻԵɺϣĻԵ޷Ƶġ
Ļ⿿ʲôʱ
ַ˿ʵѾټСǧˡֻҪܹȹھŴμԪپˣټȥЩ̲û̫塣
ǣֵַ˼죬Ѿ¶ģʼĵԼľ
ģַоԼľѾﵽԲ״̬ʱҲԥʼ׼ȵھŴμԪˡ
ʱռ٣
ַ忪ʼʱռ٣Сǧеʱ俪ʼѸٵšַʱ֮򣬼һԪʱ䣬׾١
ʱյļ٣ַϿʼɢһ˿˿Ϣʱռ£һԪʱܿѾˡ
ϢʼھŴμԪٵ˳ѾСǧţ׼ĳһʱ̣Ȼ
ַһжѾ׼׵Сǧ籾ԴѾʼͶ뵽Сǧ統С
¡¡
ڣַСǧھҵ𶯣һɹɿֲĽɽһ˲緢
һַ̣ƺоСǧᱻ˲˺ѡ
ָоַϤˣңѾϤ˰˴Ρ
Ԫ٣ǼԪ٣һǿĵھŴμԪ٣
ˣ
ַֹˮҵĵھŴμԪ֮£ȴֹˮԵ÷ǳ򶨡⣬෴ַ̫ˡ
ôʱ䣬ڵ׼Ϊһ̣ܹһ
ɣ
ַ۾ȫ񶼳Сǧ統С
ɰڴһ٣
䣡
ھŴμԪȫ汬
ʱҪСǧ籾ԴַѾ׼׵Сǧ籾ԴҪǮƵģСǧеÿһ䡣
ھŴμԪңҲ޼¡
Сǧ类ٺ󣬵һʱ䣬ַСǧ籾ԴѸٵĻָֻ𡢻ָĹУַСǧͿʼ˷š
ŵĻ֮ǰַѾһٶʮСǧĻ֮š
һ屶ʮ
СǧţСǧַʵϤˡÿһεļԪٶˣΪСǧڼԪһһεͣԲ˽ϵŻ˵ǿ
Ļ⿿һЩĵرСǧ磬ôϵΪ̡
Ͼǧ磬ĶôŵرСǧ磿
ʮʮʮʮʮ
СǧڼԪٵаȻһֲֿٶȣšٶȣַѾϰߣȴȫעΪ˵ھŴμԪ١
ʵϣھŴμԪ٣ǧ統СһЩرùİ˽ٽ⣬а˽ٽܶȹھŴμԪ١
ԼԪߣֻСǧ籾Դ
˽ٽõǧǵĶ֧֣Сǧ籾Դ棬ġˣ󲿷ְ˽ٽܶȹھŴμԪ١
ؼǵھŴμԪ֮󣬳ΪŽٽʱ䣬ֻһ˲һɲǣΪȹھŴμԪٺĵһʱ䣬Сǧͻɱǧ⡣
ңɱ䣬Ǳɱ䡣
ɹͻֻһѡ񣬱Ҫԣ
ʱһĹȥһ¡¡¡
ַĵھŴμԪ٣ȷ˺ܳһʱ䣬ʱ䳤ҲСǧЧ
֮ǰϰٱֹӦǳ˰ٱ٣ַû̫ע鿴ΪŶ٣ҲҪˡ
Ҫǣַ弴ӭɱ䣡
ǧ磬ǧľҪǧ籾ʡʵ̫̫ˣСǧ綼ûɱǧ磬ʣ
Ȼǧ磬ǧ磬䱾ʺѣ
ҲǽϵԼôʱ䣬ôԪҲλǧˣ൱λߡ
ʵ̫ˡ
⣬׶ˣôϵԶͶֻ΢ϵţյһϯ֮ء
ڣַҪ֣Žһ׶ˡķʮöʯ㣬ΪһҪǧ籾ʣֻҪ㹻ˣֻҪСǧĹģ㹻ˣܹɱİ취
ֻǣһ£ʵôһ¡ַ廹ȥһ벻ɣõľ顣
ؼʱַ̣嶼Ѿ׼ʱյˣΣһ˿أĲһС
ַڵĽɫǽϵ̽·ߣɲʦδҪ׼ǷǳбҪġ


1826 ճǧ
ˣ
ַһݣСǧ磬нźСǧڲ;ҵ
·һҪСǧб
ʱ˿ַ̣Сǧ磬޾һǺεȵĿֲ
ַ壬Ҳ޷ѹСǧ֡궯Сǧ缴ɱ䡱ס
꣡
һ˲䣬ַСǧȻѿˣֻһַ֡Сǧ磬İ˽ٽǿ򱶣
ôֲСǧ磬ڰ˽ٽУֱδš
ַѾоСǧѹƲסȻˡ
䣡
Сǧ췭ظһйƺ׷׷ˡСǧ飬һеһУƺá
ԭҲܼ򵥣СǧʺϹӴ磬ַСǧ磬ǧ
һȻȻı仯
Сǧȹ˵ھŴμԪ٣ҲܹΪǧ硣
Ȼ仯ʱ֮Ļκ޷Ťתֹ
ˣַСǧȹ˵ھŴμԪ֮ȻȻͻῪʼɱǧ硣ֻǣɱḶ́ʵЩǲġ
Сǧͳͳ飬һʱ䣬ַСǧͲҪˡַףΪʲôǧҪ˽ٽһҪǧ籾ʡ
ǧıʣʵǧĹ򣬶Ҳһǧй
Ǻѣ
˿ַ嶼ãǧܹǧʵ°˽ٽӵһԪʱ䣬ôǧй򣬴Ӷǧ籾ʣ
Ͳܣ
ѹֽϵʼ޷ƹ㡣ǧҲ޷ӣСǧɱǧ磬ʵ̫̫ѣ޷
żܹһǧǶ֪жĻԵжôˣܹɾǧ
ҺãַߵĲ·þʯʮöʯһ·һӼ򵥣ֱӵ·
ǾСǧ
һ̣Сǧй򣬶ͳͳ֮СǧӴʹ˺ôһİ˽ٽʱСǧϰٱҲ޷άй֮һɿֲĳ
˲䣬СǧͿֱܷױ
ϣųɾŵİ˽ٽǵһ
ַ岻һСǧɲϰٱ׼ȷһ˵򱶣
ϵСǧ磬ʵϣѾѷɫǧˡ
СǧйͳͳһɲǣַСǧȷܵǰδеĳҲֻǳˡ
ӴַӲĿסֳȻֻܿסһСʱ䣬ôһСεʱ䣬ȴһؼĻʱ䡣
ΪʱСǧ飬ǧȴӦ˶ȻȻĵ
ǧĵСǧһУҲȻȻİǧĹתģСǧҲȻȻɱǧ硣
һоͶôȻַ嶼ûôƴһжˮɾͳˡ
ͳɹɱˣ
ַЩš
ϸӦţСǧɱǧǾʹСǧɱ䣬һḶ́Ҫʮϰ꣬ʱ䡣
ֻܾĵȴַӵʱ֮
ʱռ٣
תۼ䣬ַСǧھͿʼʱռ١
ʮꡢꡢǧꡭ
ǧʱʱռ٣ַСǧɱŽʱѾ֮ܳΪСǧˣΪʱѾǧ磡
ַĻι̣һɱǧ磬ַǧ磬ǧ磬ҪӴöࡣ
ңֱַӾͿǧĳ׶Σκαʱַ֮ҲԶǧҪǿ
ֱ׷ʥף
޽ӽ۷ߣ
ַипһΪߣȻ޽ӽ۷ߣǧ֮ϡ
Ҫ֪ǧѾĸߵˡ
ǻι̵ĺôǧʣܹǧɱ䡣
ˣô꣬ڳˣ
ַܸˣ˲ֻΪΪǧҪԭΪһϵɵĵ·
һǧдֱǧ廹Ҫش
˵ǧýǶǧ磬ǧվȽŸôַ֮·ǾǧĽǣչգΪǿʢ֮һϵҲܳΪΪǿϵ֮һ
壬ش
ֱһַ̣ףϵǱȻô޴
˽ٽҪڶȵھŴμԪǰŰٱֻҪżʮɳΪߵߡֱԽͨһ׶Ρ
ңУﵽ۷ߵĸʣҲԶϵҪöࡣ
ַܸˣһнϲ֮·
֮·ҲرǧˣԺīԨеīһǿʢһ߳ǧ磬ںյ㣡
ַ嶼ԤܼԪ֮òôʱ䣬Уϵضһϯ֮أ


1827 īݼ䣡
ǧ
ַϸĸӦڵǿǿǧַͲѷκһλߵߡ
ǵʥףǧ磬ַһս
ټʱַ֮̾۷ߡ
ʱԴĻַ嶼Ǽˡ
뵽ַ岻һ
ǰһ뻹ֻµߣһ¾һԾΪߵǿأôôʵ
ʵȴȷˣһΪǧҲߣϾûвˡհھϣҲһͨûκ
Ҫ˵Ǿս
ֻ֣֮ȫս֡
Ҳ˵ߣϾյǿˣҪһǾ͵ѰҸָıطȵȣǿʵ
ַϸǧڵֱ仯ҪľǺ
ǧڣкʱճӡһΣʱճƺһЩʱ䡱
ַԺУԼ˸ֹʱ֮򣬸Ī⣬ַܹⲻַһĪСǧɱǧ磬ʱճΪַĺҲɱˣ
ǿʱ֮
ַ缢ƿʣͬһ麣㣬һʱճɱָоʱ֮ΪǧҪҪ
ֻǣһΣַоʱ֮ƺѾʼʱյһ˿С
ʱյУʵܼ򵥣ǹȥڡδ
й˵ȥ㲻䣬δ޿ܡʹţҪıȥܡҪӰδƺףҪƿδǾͲˡ
ַʵѾԸıһȥֻԸ壬Ҹʱ֮ȥı䣬ǳ׻صȥ
һΣʱճɱƺԼԴδˣַԺУһЩδƬκͻ档
ˣַ缢ƿʣʼϸʱ֮

ʮöʯɽ
īݼߣѰǣڣҵһַҪסֻǣԷҪ۸ߴöʯ
īݼӲǿˮĥĹĥʮöʯ۸񣬶ԷǲͬģԷִʮöʯ
֪ΪʲôͻȻͬˡ
֪ܲԭ򣬵ܹʡʮöʯīݼǷǳˡ
īݼС㣬ǾǩЭɡ
īݼ˵ͷԷһλͨߣŻס
һյУ߶ΪסλŻףīݼҲû˵ҲûлɣڴУû˭ᶯ֡
ţھǩЭ顣
īݼҪ׼ǩЭʱȻоΧĻ΢΢һ䣬˶֪࣬
㡭
īݼСʧɫ̾Ͳ˲ԾֻǣŻһûУڴΣ
˯ɣ˯ɣ˯˾ͺˡ
ŻǼ¶һ˿ЦݣžŻ׵Ļڶ߻صīݼ漴Ҳ۾ʧȥʶ
̫ˣ߶ǣֵסҵĻ
Ż̽īݼһռ䱦֮У漴뿪˴ǡ
ŻϸϣҲûΥǵĹء
ʵϣΥΣ
֣һ㶯ûУҲᡣ
ҪҪȶǸ߱ݻģڴڣҲֻ԰ȫˡ
ÿԵ޹ʧٵˣֱҲ׷
ھŻ׵Уīݼ֣߶ǣڴǣֱûκαϵķôŪû⡣
ಣ
Żһ·ɳ˴ǣյС
ʱƬվȻһӰۣϥ֮Уȴйļµĸо
ǾŻ׿ԷҲϹϾغ棬īݼѾˡ
۾ǰīݼһ
īݼγѣ۾
ȵǰһĻɫ̴䣬ŻףȻڴڶ֣
ҿûж֣īݼС㣬ڻĴɡԹԻشĻȻû£򡭡
Żû˵Ǻ棬Խ޴ҡ
īݼϸź棬ʵǰץʲô
㱳ˡ
īݼһȻΪַ塣
ٺ٣īݼС㣬ڴǴ򣬲֪˶סˣֻǣЩ̫޴㱳˸סˡǰûʲôܡ
īݼ飬ֻµߣžŻ׶޿κΣοһλǿ󣬸Īĺ棿
㲻ûشϷ͸۾ȥԿһ
·ĳħīݼãʶãУֻԼ˵īԨһĻĻ


1828 Դ¶
īݼ֮УԱк棬ĿƺīݼĿԡ
һжܰ
ŻȴܹҲܾη֪īݼѾ뵽ĻþУܿīݼʶīݼļ䵱У鿴Ҫ鿴һС
ֱ
¾ŻѾһߣþߣҲԶԶ档ԭܼ򵥣һķ޾ѪƶɣǳϻþеĶ
ƾúһԾΪ۷ߣӵźպ
һΣҲǾŻײīݼڴĹ򣬵ƫƫīݼƺһλ߶ǵߡ
þŻ׾ЩԾˣһ߶ǵߣΪ˴ֱʣ
ΪˣŻϸһԽǵԽԻ
Ҳȷһ£Ǿīݼˣȷ߶ǣȴóöʯĵر
һΣסʵһնīݼϹˡīݼ̸еĹУöصĻþֶΣŻ׻ѾŪīݼ
գŻ׽档
ȻܸȤīݼīݼˣīݼһҲϤ
ʱûãһֱƽĺ棬Ȼ֮۾֮ǼΪ
þŻ״һ
ʲôݣǿǶ۷ߣԼƶĴڣǶҲ涯ݡ
īݼһǧһöʯҲˣԲֵܼز
澿īݼļпʲôȻô
Żײ֪˿īݼѾ˹ƺʶʲôָź棬˵㡭ղŸʲô
ٺ٣īݼĻնǶһġ˵벻˵ʵûʲô塣
ŻЦ˵
Ȼ㿴ҵļ䡭
īݼįļ䵱еһĻĻô𺳡һλ߶ǵߣȴնɱ޽ӽ۷ߵǿߣѵ֣
Ż׺ͺ棬һǶַı
ȻƲס૵ԴԴʥףۼһԴϴϷҲϴǾԴ
ܼŻҲһ
ںߣ᲻֪Դʲô
һԴǼʹһλߣ
棬ǿʵһԴĻᡣֻϧһ涼شûܹᵽǼԴ
һλ۷ߵõˣ̾ͳΪ˼ߣ˺պ
ڣȻ㶢ϵһλ߶ǵߣԴ
ˣŻҲ̲סѵ棬᲻ῴˣ

Ŀһ۾ŻףЦϷѾڴԴܶˣ֪һԪԪܾ֮úܾˡϷôΪΪԴ׼ֻϧûԴϢ
ô˵һԴһһ߶ǵУ
ŻʱҲЩˡ
ȻԴϷ򲻻ϴΪ߶ǵߣôöԸκһԴСʥף֪ɣ
Ż׵˵ͷȻ֪ʥף޽ӽ۷ߣûһĶȻ϶۷ߡ
ٺ٣ʥףīݼˣԴֱӾնɱˣ
ʲôʥױնɱˣ
ŻҲĿɿڴ
ںߣȻ֪Դǿ̥ǣʵǿʲôزʵŻײ
Ͼ˭ĿõԴ
ڣŻײŻȻԴȻôǿһ߶ǵߣԴȻ׾ٵնɱ޽ӽ۷ߵǿߡ
ôܣ
һʱ䣬Ż׶ޱȵȡԴһԾΪ۷ߣ
ȻŻ׺ûмߵʵõԴҲǻ
īݼˣһַߡ߶ǣȴܰī֡ȻնɱʥףҲΪǼԴǿԴУܲ򵥣һϷõ
ޱȵĻȣƺѾţõԴĳˡ
ֱϵڱΣһҪõǼԴϧһдۣ
Ŀ漴īݼϣīݼġ䡱Ѿַһ˽⡣
ҪõǼԴôīݼ֣


1829 δƬ
īݼС㣬뷢Ϣַɣ˵ѾҵסҪַԼǰǩЭ飡ţյС
Ļīݼһ
ȻҪīݼСԸַ塣
ҲǵıóѣҲᷢѶϢ
īݼСҡҡͷȥҲ˵ıóѡ
ôɲ㡭
˵꣬ͷ·йصĽīݼĿסīݼܼҪֻ߶ǣεֵסĻ
ˣīݼС㽥ĳ٣ֱӾͱƣ޷ǣīݼַ巢һѶϢ
ŻЩԥ˵棬ַôϹϾǩЭ飬ʵ̫Ź֣һַ廳ɡ
Ż׻ǾЩðʧ
ַ϶ỳɣҲһ
϶˵ͨīݼļ䣬Ѿַܡ˽⡱ˡûʲôĽڣٺõĽڣַϸãҲһ©
ַ϶ỳɣΪīݼ˵ַҲţǾһ
Ż׽ŽɣǺľҲֻ׷档

ǣ֮С
ַһֱڶʱ֮УδĳЩƬΣԼѾһ˿üͷƺҪץסĳЩƬΡ
ţδƬΣյУұΧ
ַȻһָоƺӦһδƬΡȻȻĸӦδƬΣһƬյУƺܵߵΧ
һߣʵ֮ǿֱַǿߣ۷ߡ
ֻǣֻһδƬΡ
Χ˭ôµȵȣַҲ޷Ƭ㣬ϾδƬΣֿܣ㣿
˵ȥ㲻䣬ôδǧ򻯣Ҫƿδܡ
δƬΣԤ
ַ۾ɻʵҲһЩ²⡣
δƬΣԲԵ޹ʵĳַ֡ʱ֮н֮£ʱ־һס
ƺԤʾʲô
ַڣδԵһδĳʱ㣬ַϵ¡
ֻǣδĸʱ䣬ַҲ
ˣ
ʱַյīݼһѶ
ѾҵסֻǣҪȥǩЭ飬λꡭյУ
ַıԵЩ죬ʵѶϢЩŹ֡˵ǱѰַ嶼һ˿Ծ
ǩЭѣ赽յУ
ǣַ·һѶϢѯīݼֻǣѶϢȴʯһþöûлš
Źһʱ䣬ַյϢ
īݼѶϢнһ£Ҳǿܽ͵ֻͨǣ͸Ź졣
ʵȻ˵ߣ۷ߣ塣ͼʲôҲô֪
ַš
ϸĺʵжǿַԼ̫Ͼʱָոɱ䡣
϶ߵߣѾַĶ֡
۷ߣֳַʱַҲ۷߲;ߡ
ֻǣַҲûмߣҲûߣܲߣԴ֪֮
īݼһЩʣΣ
ַ岻ܷβܡ
Ҳգȥһô£
ַվ뿪˾ңֱӻΪһ⣬ɳ˴ǣֱӳīݼѶз͵ľλꡣ
ַ尴īݼ͵ľλ꣬ܿѾ뿪˴ǣѸٵĽӽžλꡣ
Խǰߣַƺ;ԽϤ
ʵַ࣬ȴܸоʶһңһĻƵġ
ʶˣⲻδƬеһЩ𣿡
ַһϸĻţһ㶫ƺ⴦գδƬпһĻ
δƬΣұΧ
ַ͵̧ͷڸղţƺѾµˣֻǣȴûȷšڣַ̧ͷӦǰǿϢ
һϢҲˣֻͨߵϢ
һɣǳ˲ãԶԶַκߣʥ׶ԶԶȲϡʥ׾Ѿ޽ӽ۷ߵǿڡ
ʥ׶ҪǿǾֻһֿܡ
۷ߣ
Է۷ߣ
ңϢַҲϤǼδƬиӦ
һУƺغϡδƬغ
ԭδƬзһУ
ַĿ⣬ĶͻȻӰ֪ܿͻᡰסˣ֪īݼ˷ԭ


1830 Եʯ
ַ£ˣ
ȻһߣַЦ˵
īݼݣѶϢңīݼأ
ַﻹܲ׷ʲô£
ûʲôЭǩ𣬶ˣסīݼīݼݣȦ׵УȻѾ˰źһС
ַȻ塣
īݼСȻȻ
һ֣īݼַǰֻǣȴסˡ
ַˣīݼæ󺰵Ͻ뿪Ѿ֪һУǶȡҵļ䣬֪һܡ
ҵܣ
ַ֪īݼָʲô
ʱһʱ¶ˣԴ¶ˣ
ַ壬ԴѾ¶ûʸӵУǸϷɡϷŵõԴīݼͶȫˡ
浭˵
ʵϣһûƭַ壬һַĽʱǺʵҲŹַīݼ
ϾĿֻһǾԴСһ׮ˣͲ⡣
Ҫʱ
ַԣҡҡͷһﶯģֻǲ֪ûб£ĳеõʱˣ
ַն˵
ʱѾ¶ǰһЩģڣַﻹᵣģõĵӦǺ棡
Ϊնɱʥףս۷ߣַ壬һ֪һжֻǿԴˡ룬ʶһ£۷ߵ
صյУصַĶߡûַܿѾΪߡ
ʱͿܲõˣ
ַһӣʱˣҾͺب֮УɢŻֺϢʱǺ滹ǾŻףһĳ
ԴԴԴϢ
ޱȼ
Ȼīݼļ䵱Уַ֪弫пӵһԴһΪǿԴΣԿһۡ
񣬺Ѿַеʱǣûһ˿ĻɺԥޱȵĿ϶ǾԴңһΪǿԴ
ϾԴᣬڡԴϢʵϤˡֻҪǴӴ˵еԴ֮ĶͶСԴϢ
ʣǰԴŨԴϢȵǼԴҪǿ
ݣ
һ̣涯ˡһ֣ͶһڰɫͼĻƣһһףĻɢϢ
ַ壬һʱ䶼ʩչҪеļ
ַľǿ
Сǧڵĺ޴ʱճӣ΢΢һַ屾ҪУһӱʱճӾѣ漴ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ĻıǶ
ַоɲǰĺ棬ģǿߣԲǸߵߣַѾȷԷһ۷ߣһ˿ɡ
ң۷ߵеٮٮߣ
ʱַ֮ŵڶԷĻ֮УԷĻԼжôǿ
϶ǺԼƵĶˣܷӳ۷ߵʵ
һʱ֮ǰôġС
ףȻϷûã۷ߵֵܵġ
ƺһЩȣҲûе̫⡣
ַһԴԴô׶Ը
ˣ˳׼һУַ幥һΣǴʵʵĹû
Ͼһλ۷ߵǵУ
¡
ڣĹ䵽ַϣ׼ȷ˵䵽ʱϡʱǿҲһ
Ҳ˶ѡ
ֻ𶯣ʱƽַҲƽ
ôԴҲôǿ󰡣ѵǷԴ
Ŵ죬۵Ĳ˼֮ɫ
ţ۷ߣӵеĿɲֻлֶΡʵʵĹ۷ߵжǳǿ
ΪԴЩ꼸ѾûκԵĶ̰ˣеУѾһ۷塣
״̬£ȴ޷ʱûַоκѹ
ⲻǺ治ǿʱ̫ǿ˵Ǵ˿̵ַ̫ǿˣ˿̵ַѾͨˣһλǿߣڵϣҲֻΪոͻƣ޽ӽ۷߰ˡ
һʱ䣬ַȻȻܳΪ۷ߡ
οˣʱ֮ʱַҲ۷֮ϡ
ǲǼߣܼ򵥣ǰĺ棬һʵԵʯ˺棬ַ㲻ǼߣҲû˳ϡ
䣡
һַ̣ǧȫ汬һɺƺƵֲͬķ籩һϢźϯ
ʧɫܵ𺳡
顭ߣ
һ̣Ȼ©ĳЩϸڣ©Щϸڣܻĺ


1831 Ǽߣ
ָоǲ
ַһαȫΪǧĵһΣȫ
󣬺ƺƵӿ뵽ʱ֮УʱʱŹһɿµʱ֮˲ա
һ̣Ǻ滹ǾŻףƺо˼άסһʱ֮֮£˼ά˺ѡĸо
ʱ֮
Ǹߵߵ˵޽ӽ۷ߵһȫַ岻Ⱥѷɫ١
ʱǸǿȫȫѹ
ܡ
Ȼַʱ֮ǿʱҲǿһʱ䱻֮󣬺ձȫǻָһж
ֻϧʱ֮֮£ָһжΣָһжȴʱѹ֮¡
ɫѿһһ˵ߣ
һ̣ﻹܲףǰַ壬һ߶ǵߣһļߡ
Ȼڴһߵ⣬ǺҲְ취
ޱȵİûڣַ֪˿µʵﻹᶯ˼±۲ҲԲᶯ֡
ߣѾʸӵԴˡ˵ӵԴܳΪߡ
Ȼڵַ壬Ǽߣ
Ŷ㵹ǼʶҪıĳıȴǲã
ַ嵭˵ɲ׼ˡˡ
ᣬᡣַףһжᰡԸ⳥ϷԸ
浹Ҳɴ֪࣬ԼײˣǾԣġһλ۷ߣһλģⲻʲô¡
ɱ㣬ıȻҵģʱѹ
ַ岻ԥʱ͵һֱӾͽŻ˽ȥں棬ֵܹסҲֻ֧һСʱ䣬󲻸ĵŭһɱʱ˽ȥѹʱ
һʱǿɾѡ˵ȫַС
ָֻƽīݼĿɿڴĿһĻ·𲻸Լ۾
ʲô
ַȻֱӾѹ˺档
ȻīݼҲʶ棬īݼ֪жôĿֲʥףںǰҲ
һ۷ߣ
ǿߣںյУݺңûʲôطܹסǡǧ磬Ҳֿɵá
ַȴӿֲǺ棬˵ѹͱѹˡ
һ棬ǿԺɨī壬Ҳܱɨ֮ôǿƣҲǵ嵮һ۷߰ˡ
棬۷ߵеٮٮߡʸԴʵжôǿ
ַȴǿ
ߡ
īݼţƺڻζ
ϣߵϵ󲿷˶ڴǣǾ͸ӲˡߣǻѾվۣ֮ѾݺôˣǿԳΪһ
е߶Գ棬Գɾһҵ
īݼ֪ˣε˲ѾֻǱˡ
һ뵽Ǳīݼƺʲô͵۾
ߣͻƵߣ
īݼ̲ס
ַ˵ͷǰ׼ЩĵرΪͻƶ׼ڿбҪȷͻˡ
ոͻƣмߵʵ
īݼѾ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ȻҲַ֪ǽʱߡߣҲǽԴӶΪһ
߰ɣǻȥ
ַһ֣īݼ·˴ǡ
īݼЩУƺڶûСѡ
ص֮īݼŷĴǣȴһ˷һ̣Ҳûˡ
ߣ֪ܲжôǿ󡣵ȴ֪ǣһλ
ףһλߣ
ټĴǣȫΪһ˶ʢ˹׵򣬴ǲŻ˵ķ١ʢ
īݼšֱۡ˽⵽һλߵķ
ĳ˵ӽڴǣīݼʲô˶η塣
ңīݼַǱϾַŸոͻƣߣǸʱٳһ㣬һأ
ǲǣܹﵽ˵еհز
īݼôªţҲһλհķ޵дڣһ˶ѹ飬֮ϣ
һ뵽ַôһ˿ΪհĿܣīݼ͸еĳȣò
ַ壬һȷѡ


1832 ϰ
ǣ֮С
ʵַ廹ʱʱ䣬ֻǰַʵСֻܷӳһܰˡ
ȻһѾ㹻ǿ󣬵ϾһԴֻиߵϵǿߣȫ쾡µķӳܡ
һΣַѹ˺棬ʵҲǵһȫԸʩչʱɱʱǺܲͬ졣
٣ַʵûûʱ֮ʱ޷ʱ
ʵҲʱûκιϵַֻǴͨߣߣôҲ޷ʱܡ˵޷ӳʱܡ
Ҳ˵ʱʱ֮ϢϢء
ҺãַʵСǧɱǧ֮ںʱճӣҲȵҲһɱ䡣
ˣܷӳʱȫܡ
Դǳ⣬ߵõҲ޷ʹãֻʱ֮ˣܹʹá
ңַҲһֱ̽ʱļޣ
ʱѹ棬ֻǣ˾ţ֮ʱڵʱչޣȴκβ˺档
ַ彫Ķٵˣʱչ޲ܹв棬Ҳ˶Ѱˡ
նɱ棬Ҳңңڡ
۷ߣĿǰѾʱնɱļˡʱĲص㻹ѹֻѹ棬ʱ˵ûκ⡣
նɱ۷ߣʱеЩ㡣
ûϵַѹס棬ȵպʱɱ䣬ʱڵʱչٴɱ䣬ֻҪɱߵߣôնɱͲôˡ
οַʵҲûôնɱ档һѾõ۷ߣ֪յеء
Ӻϣַܹõ鱨
磬Դ鱨ô꣬һֱڵȴԴϢѾ˳׼
ֻǣȴַܣѹЩ鱨ȻҲͱַ塣
ȻַҪĲԴܺ棬Դı󣬵ǴԴ֮ģ
ڵַ壬Ѿʸ׷ѰԴ֮ˣҲԴ֮źܸȤֻǣ涼Դ֮Ųô˽⡣
ֻƲ⣬Դ֮һţֻмߣʸ׷ѰԴ֮šԴ֮ţֻд˵еհʸ
ַҪ֪Դ֮ŵҲ֪飬浹Ƽһ취
취ܼ򵥣ֱȥݷôǵĹף
ףǼߣһƼߣ˴Ǻܳʱ䣬жϹϡ
Դ֮ţ׿϶֪ıȺ
ַһҲõȷǸȥݷùˣĻڴ¶Щ㣬һСģ˹׵һЩˣǲǲҪ鷳
ַǿҲĪԹ
ǣֱַӴīݼ˳
ǵĳ䱸ɭϣŵľȻߣ
īݼһ˿ǰ˰Ҽǰݷùף
ݷôף
ŵɫ͵һ䡣
кܶףϾһΪߣͿԳˡףҲǰݷá
ȴֻһǾǹĴ棬ǵĽߣǴǵĳһλߵĸǿߣ
ǰݷôף
īݼ˵ͷŵںݰɲ򵥣ĳƺƽȵĳƺҲ˵Էƽȵǰݷùס
ƽȵݣǼߣ
ǣʲôʱһλߣ
˳īݼĿ⣬ŵĹ߿ַ塣ֻһۣ׾һûпַǳֱƺԷſֲ˵ˣǸߵ۷ߣԶѷڶԷ
⵱Ȼַй¶һ˿ʱҲܼ鷳ַɲİԻû塣
ַɲ⣬ŵĻѾ֪һţǣ˵Ժȥ㱨
ܿ죬뵽һλߵеԺ䡣
ֻǣȴǴ׵Ժ䣬ϾһܼģǳĿǰˣжϣҲһλ۷ߡ
ϣϰҪݼס
ݼף
̧ͷɫԵЩ졣
Щ꣬רǰݷô׵ѾԽԽˣҳǼߣ׸Ͳ

Ϸ˰鿴ˡûӡһλߣ


1833 ף
ַ壿
ϺɻҲª֮ȷû˵λַ߽塣Ǽߣ۷ߣַҲû˵һλַģ
̫ǶҲ˵ʶеߣˣϻǷǳ
Ϸȥ׻㱨
ǣϴŰǰ˹׵ס
ϣһλüһŻΰɫâ֣ϵơ
ףһλַףϰҪݷ
ַף
üͷУȷû˵֡
ףôˣ⣿㲻Ļ̾ȥؾ
ϲԹɫ˴׽üͷ
ȻҵϰǶǼߡͬαƽ׵ˣǵĴǣյУһλߣӦõҾͼһλַס
ϵ˵ͷ
ȷ𿴴ǺյУս𡣵˭֪ȴսսıӣ
һλü˵дݺңΪʵϣ˴ǣ׾͵óž޴ѹ
һСĵһλߣĴǿɾϣǳ鷳һìܣҲǳ
ȻֻǴײ鷳Ҫ鷳Ҳη塣ǴͰ㣬ǼҪƴǣҲô׵¡
򲻵ѣԵ޹ʵ˵£׿ɲȥ

ַڳһʱ䣬ܿ죬һλǿ۷ߣԳӭӡ
ڻ
Գӭַ壬ԭЩɣַһ̣Ͳˡ
Ϊ۷ߣϸܵĺַڣһرǿ
ʵ̫Ϥˡ
ԴһԴ
Ͼ׾һԴֻлԴܹΪߣĻ⿿ܳΪߡ
ȻĽַԴϿɲ¶һ˿̰ı顣ʲôЦһλǰԴ¶̰ı飬ֱҲס
ߣʸӵԴǼѾյġʶˡˣڸӦַصǿ󣬶Ͼ͸ӵĹˣȫǽַ嵱һλ߸ϵļԴ
ܿ죬˻
Щɵ˵׾棬λīݼС㣬ȥϢ
ַ˵ͷλ̸߽ȷڳ
īݼŶȥɡ
ǣīݼ˵ͷŶ뿪ˡ

ַ廹ûţžʹˣֱַ߽˴֮С̧ͷͿλϣһλĸߴ˫ӡ
壬˫ᣬûʲôֵġ
ַĸӦУȴһŹһȫȫĹ⣬ڡ̬ȴ·ʧˡ
ǹڣһַ嶼üɵϢƺҲһЩϤ
Դ
ַ̾뵽Դ
ַһֱãʱǶһ޶ġʵ֤ʱҲȷǶһ޶ʱҲȷǴԴ֮ģԴ
ΪڵǹݷϢͺʱһ⴦һ㣬ַ廹ǹףʵܹӦ
ӵԴҲ㹻ʵ˵˶ǡͬˡվ۷ǿߣ
ַףû½ļ߰ɣ˰ܹõһǿԴƺڵԴءǿ󣡡
ڿַһ̣ѾȫˡַһˡŵõԴΪߡ
һ㣬ῴ
ѹֹףûйַκϺͼ䣬½ӿֳļߣ֪
ңַڵԴϢǿһ˿˿ء͸ù׺ˣַʲôԴ
Դÿһλߵܡֻսһ̣Żᱩ¶Ļƽʱŵġ
ҲΪιײԸκһλߵԭ䲻Ըһλİļߡ
Ͼİߣ֪Էĵϸ֪ԷӵʲôԴһìܣսǳ
׽ǣһжϣԴʲôãѾȥˣûʲôܿԡ
ˡ
ַǼ¶һ˿΢Ц漴Ҳλߵĳμ棬Ƿǳƽ


1834 Դ֮ţ
ˣַ֪ףͣ£
˿һڽ⣬ҲַļߣԵ޹ǰݷһʲô»鷳
ַҲԥ˵ͷ²ȷһЩССϣܸ
Ŷ£ַ˵
ǹԴ֮ţ֪Դ֮ǲĴڣ
ַһһ˵ʮֵأĿǽŹס֮дһΪʵĥһһҪ£ǾѰԴ֮š
Ҳ߹ͬ׷ֻҪߣͨ߻հ϶һġ
ˣ˵Դ֮ţôͨҲл롣
ֻǣַҲ֪յоûԴ֮š
ԣַѯʹסλϵĴڣһֱվۣ֪֮ؿ϶ȴ󲿷߶ࡣ
Ȼַѯʣ׵һӶ
Դ֮Ű
ƺ׷ʲôã񽥽ļᶨ˵ʵҲһֱ֪Դ֮ŵ״治ڣ˵ˣյȼλհҲ֪Դ֮ŵ״治ڡ
ֻϧΪֹûһп϶Ĵ𰸡Щ꣬ʵһЩհƲۣǾһԴ֮šΪΣΪյУհôʱƣհһԽԽࡣȻʵأǰհһ⣬ʧӰЩհͲΣգȥ
ַҲ˹׵˼
˵ЩհҵԴ֮ţͨԴ֮ţ뵽Դ֮統Уô꣬հûʲôֻƬһ
ַЩɣԴ֮ţհҪ룬Ͳһʲô
ͲˣУհõûУߵĺִܲ١Σڴ󲿷ߣԴ֮šֻǣҪҵԴ֮ž£ǼߣҵԴ֮šҲֻհлҵԴ֮š
ַ˵ͷҲ˹׵˼Դ֮ŻУһҵġ
ֻгΪհлҵԴ֮š
ЩŹ֣ô꣬һֱˣǾ˵϶֮ҲԴ֮Ҫհܹ
ַҲپԴ֮ˣǣʵԴ֮Ҳᣬĳһɻϣ׽󡣡
ַ˵
ԴǴģ
Դ
Щ족Ŀַ壬û뵽ַѯ⣬ѵַԴԼַеģ
ַײ֪
԰׽󡣡
ƺЩʲô˿ַ׵ԴõģǻðʵԴģ˶֪ЩԴȻȻͳˣǽ죬죬ֻĳط֡
ȻԴĳףֻҪ۷ߣܸӦҷǳǿҡߵҲģģĸӦǳ΢΢΢
һӦԴϢôоҪһɷ籩ˡȻһǾԴûκβϢľͳĳط˶֪Դ֮ãȴĻãˣ
Ŀһַ壬Ȼ²ַԴǵڶϾһЩ꣬ûиӦκԴϢ
һԴǹ׶̲סġ
Դ֣Ҳ֣ʱᱻߵõʱҲᱻ۷ߵõ
Ȼߺǿ۷߼ѹ۷Ҳη壬Ǹƴȥһ
һõԴ۷߾ߣβȥһ
οԴĻãҲǿʵǿʵԴհõˣ
ʵϣҪԴҪһλ۷ߣһõԴôҲ޿κΡ
ȻǰܹסԴ
һԴ֣ǼߣҲ֡һЩǿԴǻ췭ظնһ
һǿԴ֣ߴսನʹ˼ճСǣԴͳڴǸǻҲ׶༪١ǹܽճŲƿԶԴĻô۷ߺͼߣսನ׻˴ǣ


1835 棿
ԭˡл׸֪
ַ˵ͷ
ݷù׵ĿģѾȫﵽˡգһ˽⡣
ңԴ֮šԴҲһĨڣʲô֪ˡ
˵Դһ֣жôʱַҲܸӦңַܸȤ֪ûкʱƵԴ
Уôûܴ߶
ⶼһ⡣
ܹ߶ʱģֻʱ֮ߡַ御ܺԸҲãֻһʱ֮
ֻǣΪַֹ嶼ûͬʱ֮ߣߣʵҲֻ΢ԡ
˵ʱ֮ǻĺԶ
治֮հԴǺεȵǿ󣿡
ַЩпƵ˵
հϺͨһƾԴܹڼ֮ϡ
˵հԴ̫ǿ̫ǿÿһԴնԴĻ֣ǶԴ
ʵնԴĻҲܼ򵥣ͷΪͨԴǿԴԼԴ
ȻЩ򵥵ĻֵУԴַΪࡢࡢԴȵȣÿһﶼеĻ֡
ųɾϵԴֻͨԴףʵҲֻһͨԴ
Դ֮ϵǿÿһ춯ءһ֣߶ҪƴԸΪ˸һдۣ
һõһǿԴǼվۣ֮ԸԼߣհ
ڶԴյж޼
Ϊԭܼ򵥣һԴǾʹһλհûй⣬Դ²˲ݣǶӵſֲ
һߵõǾͿ϶հˣ
ȻԴǿǿģϴ󲿷߶ûһԴü߶Ҫ棬ӳ֪۷߼ߡ
ˣÿһζԴĳ֣ǻͬʱҲһƽ١
ַһ£֪ʱͨԴǿԴڶԴַãʱıϣӦúǿ֪ġ
ֻˣȫָ
һɱ䣬ﵽԴĳ̶ȣַҲ̫ȡ
ڣַãпǿԴ
ֻǣԴЩ⣬Ҫʱܴ֮߶ֲֹǿԴ
ԲͨԴ٣ַܸоʱҪȶĹڵԴϢǿöࡣ
ȻҲЩ²⡣ֻǣȴĻһǿԴҪԼСˡ
ڿַһԸ͵ӣҲ׼񣬼˽ߣǿ԰ġ
׻һС˼
ַףڿǾסڴǣ
ַ˵ͷĿǰҵȷڴǡ
ҵҡַڴǿɻ⣿ҳַףΪǵҵͬ
Ŷ
ַɵĿһ۹ס
֪ǴһѪȻߣԸ⣬˶ܽһճС
ܽ뽨ȫ
ǼߣҪճУҲǳѡպҪչҪľӪϼѡ
ҪķѺܴľѪ
Ǿˣ˹ġءˣ׽ǵó
ˣַ֪ǸˣܻһôҲֻڴУҺôҲ̫
УģԶǹף
ƺַЩԥû⡣ÿһλ߶ˣ˭Ҳ£οǸˣ
ѹĺܴ
һ˿֧ŴǣȷѡõһǿԴη壬ؼõĽֻһͨԴֻͨļߡ
һλǿļߣɾˡ
ˣȻȷַǷӵһǿԴܸӦʵַʵӦ֮ϡ
ټϣַһ˽֮ͱȽϷַˡ
һеߣȨַܽ£ɶԴǣԴ׶кô
ַɣҲ֪Ϊ⡣
ơһλߣ𣿴Ҳû
ַףԸΪǵôɵĲȫ㣡ңܵǵһ֮һ⣡ӦģַҪǣҲֻһҪǾڴ޿ƥеĵˣհ֮⣬ַȫ֣סǣ
һΣѾ˺ܴòе㡰ȨַĸоˣǴѪ
ɵ棬侪ˣ
ھͿַ𲻴Ӧˣ׶Ķַ壬Ҳұַ֤һӦȴϣַܹӦ


1836 
ַþûлشƺںҲû׷ʣַʱ䡣ַԥˣûһڻؾζϣ
˵ַĶˣ
ʵϣַȷĶˡ
֪һճжôѣҪӪչҪչҪάҪһԪԪʱ䡣
ǴﵽʱյĵزҲǺķʮԪϣƹ׵Ѫ
ַûҪȥһճУȻԻúܴ棬ַ˵Ҳ鷳һҪУϣʲôǣ
ֻǵǵһѡܹô棬Ѿ൱ˡ
Ȼ׻߳ɣ߳ɵ滹֧еһЩܹϾͲˡ
ˣõʵַ࣬ʡǵķչ
ַҲҪʯ;ʯġ˵ȵȣʵҲкܴá
磬ַҪʱ֮ʵҲʹþʯһöǾʮööǧöö
ÿʱÿ̶ʹþʯ
ߣַлԶԶûеļޣҲ˵нĿռ䡣磬ڵѾǧˡ
һЩĵرܹǧ綼šַĽϵǧ磬ǧţҲζţַʵܼǿ
ǵĵرຣʯǿɲǼʮ򡢼öʯô򵥾ܹãÿһĵرٶöʯϣ
⿿ַԼȥ׬ȡʯʲôʱܹ׬ȡôʯ
ΪǾͲˡ
ңַ廹Խǵ鱨ϵͳһЩԴ˻Щĵر
ֻҪ㹻Ӷ𣬻˵ޱۺӶЩĵرҲпܱ˻á
ʱ򣬾նڰַѰҶĵرˣֶΪ
ڱ׶ˣ
ʲôĺôǾ͵óеһΡ
պһʲôΣգհĻַʵηߣȻˣǻʲôԥģ
ৣ
ַ̧ͷ۾Ѿ˾
ĳͲˣ
ַ϶Ļش𣬴Ҳϲ⣬æ˵ַܹδǵҴǵң
ϲ
ʵǰҲǿߵһ⣬ܾˡԭҲܼ򵥣ЩǿļߣѾ
Ψһ׷ǾԴ֮ŻԴˡ
һǵܸʲô
ʯ
ЩǿߵУһЩְˣûá
ַ岻ͬڻҪʯôδǵٺòˡ
˫ҲǸȡ衣
ֽһַǣīݼ뿪˳ص˴ǵסһ˶ַ˵νջķᡣ
ڶ죬ַͱ֪ף͸һסլַ壬ҽųҲַݡ
ǹ׵ĺ⣬ַ嵱ȻҲûоܾǣ̰סլ֮ڡ

һһꡣ
һʱ䣬˵ֱ̫ˣݵһ΢оһЩһʱ͹ȥˡ
ַ˵գ۾ǰʱ䣬ֻ΢ȹһڵǧ硣
ʱ䣬ַΪ˺ʯ;ʯ
ַѾ㹻߹˴ǵ棬ڻʯһ̣֪ǵ͹˴ǵķٳ̶ȡ
ʯ뾫ʯʱ䣬ַ˵Ѿֻһˡ
ףߵ֮ҵˣ˳ۡ
ŶǾ¡
ǡ
ܿ죬īݼѾףһŸߵ֮ġ
ĵر
ַеĸߵ֮ģ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʱ䣬ַ뾡˸ְ취˴ǵҲҵĵرܹǧˡ
ˣҲַˡ
ǰĵرǧոճΪǧʱѾıϡʵѾ൱ˣַʵҲվ
ֵõ˵ĵرַǧ磬һӵţ
ˡ
ַ̽ߵ֮ķŽǧ硣
ߵ֮ģǷǳѵõġܹǧ綼ţڶĵرжǳ͡
˶ӦȻǳ֮ģֻСǧš
ֻǣ߼ļֵȴ˲֪ٱ
䣡
ַĸߵ֮ģʼ뵽ǧ֮Уʱǧ翪ʼ˾ҵ𶯣漴š
ǧĺʱճӣҲѸٵšҪ٣һ֮ǰͻʱܹǳˡ
ַڵĳ̶ȣܲϵʵڼߵУҲǶһݣ


1837 ûǧˣ
࣬ûصǧ翴ˡ
ַ塰˸ߵ֮ģʵѾסʱ䣬ôǵչֶĵر
ˣʱҲֻչˡ
ңѾǴǵĻǧꡢ궼һнʯ߾ʯ㣬෴ʯַ˵Ҳ岻Ըʯ
ؼǣЩĵرûУ˵ǳԻá
𿴰ڻʵôǵڣĵرҲ˼ޡ
˵ˣꡢʮ궼һܹٻһĵرˣַ˷ǧͷ
ϾַҲڴһĻȨҲĲƸʱ򷵻ǧ磬ҲܰǧĽ
ǽϵ
ȻַҲϵؼʵЩСǧĵرûЩĵرϵҲһ㣬޷гɹ۶޷ɹС
ϢȵȣܹСǧŵĵرкֱܹܶ࣬
ˣַ忪ʼĲɹЩĵر˴ǵ½ɹǧʱ䡣ڻ۵˴ĵر
Ƿǧ磬Ҳǧȫİ˽ٽɹͻǧˣʱһǧõλߣ
ϵ벻ѡ
ַҲֻᡰһΣһҪǿÿԼַ壬֧Ԯã
ǴǵҲһֻһΣǧԱ֮Ȼϵѿɢձ鲼գΪյеǿϵ֮һ
ַһ죬һ̫Զ
׼һУַīݼڴǵһУһ˳ǧȥ

ǧ磬ǧһá
ɫص˵һʱ䣬ǧΧƺһЩչޡ
չ޲Ǻ𣿡
ʵ
ȴҡҡͷһչ޵ȷЩչȴֹһͷҷǲͬչޣͺܲѰˡȥ֪һ㲻ͬչޣһɱЩչޣһƺల£ͷǱѰˡ
ţ˼ǣʹЩչޣ
Ļýһء
ԴӾ˰˹֮ºλǧʵǳСĽֻǣЩʱСĽûκô
Сԭ
ʹչޣºѡЩչǵǧ磬⵹пܡ
ҪҪһȥ鿴
У˾ԲֿܷպΣգһ䵥ӵΣգֻҪֽЩչ޾ˡٰ˽ٽɣЩչޣ˽ٽӦҲӦ
ϧַڣҲΪЩչ޶ա
ַ塭ǰ;ܴģֻк嫵ղ̨ϣһλӵػǧ̫ˡ
λǧĬ
뵽ַ壬ڶ˽ٽУַ塣ǶַǱԶԶǻҪ
Ȼǧǧ޵еĴڡǶգ֪ĸߵߣûжںյУͲʲô
ǿߣֵ
Ǽ̫ǧ磬֣ռݣ壬ֱҡǲ뿴ǧҲøͬ³
ַ壬ǵδ
ھַ뿪ǧ磬ʱ䶼ַ츳ǿǱڴΣյˣҲпΣˡ
λЩչǱϣǵǧ硣пǧߣ
ĻҲõλǧͬ⡣
ǣǧټİ˽ٽʼ뿪ǧ磬ǧ總Щչޡ
ʱǧΧԶĵطӰǵ࣬չޣԴԴϣȴηʲôҶһ¡
磬Ѿȷǰһǧ硣ڵһչѾȥ̽ʵˣźܿͻн
˵Ŀⶼǰգ޷ǧ磬չȴԷϢǡ
λߵߣǿһչ޵ֶΣк޼ɣһ·Ѿ޽ӽ۷ˡ
ھû㹻ʯ㹻ʯ۷Ϊ춥
ӶһԾΪ۷ߣ
һǧ磬ܸУͨǧ磬һսǵջҲһơ
ϣǧ粻Ҫʧ٣Ҳôһ
˶ǰİǧ綼ڴ


1838 ʹչ
أ
յУһλ˽ٽ׾նɱһͷչޣЩ̫ˣǧΧչޣҲûôס
Щչޣʵ̫ˡ
˽ٽΣοǧ
ԼĻýڶüͷЩ̫ѰչޣôȺӣʵ϶ǿһһƬ
ؼܶ࣬ٶȼ졣
ЩԾЩչޣԼ䵽ǧ總֯ƺʹ
أҲǵһ
ǴգҲţһЩߣܹʹչޣһΣǵ鷳ʹˡ
ЩչޣɱʤɱȴԲЩչʲôĿģ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣̽ʵЩڻƵչޣ̽ʵǺܻ㣿ңʱ䣬ҲѾﵽĿˡ
һʱ䣬ǧɫѿ֮ǰûпЩչ޵ĿģѾͨˣԷп̽ʵ
ֻǣ֪ѾˣЩչޱˣѾ֪ǧʵǿܾҪԸǿ󣬸ӿֲĶˡ
ΣǶЩչޣһһɡ
˵ʱǧǧΨһλߣҪ򶨣ǧͶûϣˡ

ţ
ȻеӰ۾
磬Ϣˡ
һӣֱһУһͷչѸٵǰƺѯʲôܿ͵õҪĶ
磬ѾǧʵߵߣԼµߡųǧڻһЩߣ϶Ǹߵߣжߡ
ԵЩ˷ܡ
յеףǸߵߣ޽ӽ۷ߡݺգһʹչ޵ֶΣҲ
һ·ϣǾڴ̽ǧ磬۷ߣ̾ߣͣôչ޹ʹ۷ߣҲܴ뿪
û۷ߣǿɾͬһ̾ͻȥǧ˺ɷ飬ҪһУ
ǿֲֶΣǼһ·ڸֻʯͿһλ۷ߣרԼĶ
һɹͿԳΪ۷ߣô½ӵ޼ɵݺգ
һһôƫƧĵطǵϵδţӦ۷ߡֻǸߵߵĻпɶԸˣİɣǵСһȥٺúõ̽һ
ٺ٣ģʮͷͨʵչޣ㹻ͷˣοڱ͵ưɡ
ǣһ£ʱǵɳʮͷӴֲչޣͨߡ
ȥɣ˺ǡ
ʱʮͷչޣųǰȥ

𡭡
ֲ޺ʱ˽ٽһĶɫ䡣
֧Ԯһͷǿչޣǧ֧Ԯ
Ҳչޣˡ
ãΣˡ
ʱһ˽ٽٴУ׷״Ѷǧ
ʱǧɫ
鷳ˣǴ鷳
ոôһСʱ䣬Ǿյ˼ԮѶϢڣûκϢѾ׶༪ˡ
ߣ
ǧɫ࣬ʱǲܲܲˣǣһԮİ˽ٽȥ
ಣ
ǸոոϵͿһͷӴչޣϵϢֲͨߡ
˽ٽѾʧˣȻͷչ˭˺Ƭ

ǧ֣߳һֲ
أ
չ޺ǿǿһߵߣʵһնɱԷǧ֣൱ߵһ
ˣͷչ޾ܷǿҲסߵߵһֱӾͱ򱬣䡣
ǧȴûκθ˵ı顣
˽ٽͳͳǧ磡
ʵϣЩֲչޣ˽ٽѾûκ壬Ҳˡ
ںյУ˽ٽʵ̫ˡ
ܿ죬˽ٽͳ˻ǧ磬ǧҲϵĺ󳷡
ϸһͳƣ͸ղôһСʱ䣬Ѿʮλ˽ٽÿλߣǿչޡ
ô˵ʮͷͨߵչޣңǵı󣬼пܻǿʹһΣ鷳ˡ
ĻýɫĿżһ˿֮ɫ
һΣİصĵڣǧ罫ӭһƽˣ


1839 ǧƽ٣
ǭ¿ˣôͷչޣ˲أȴûٳĵߡ˵мܣֻλߣ
ʱͨʮͷչ޵ķİѾ˽ǧʵֻߣȻǸߵߣҲֻˣ˵ߵߣ
ȻѾ̽ʵǾжɡǧ磬Ӧܴһƶʯˡʱһˣ϶ܹΪ۷ߣ
ٺ٣ǵȻǴȳΪ۷ˡ
жһ˿˷֮ɫȻݺն꣬ǧ磬ʵࡣ
Ͼں嫵˵ǧ̫ϡˡ
ܹһǧ磬ǶԣǾ޴ջ
ߣ
ߵߣҲԥ̳ǧȥ
ˣ
ʱǧ֮Уεػǧ磬ӦǧΧյһж
Ǻ˳Ƕǿ϶Ϊǧ硣
ǧںյУĳЩʱԶһҪҪ̰߷ɶ˻Ƶǧ硣
ȻܿӰյУӰĻͷչޣһĶĸǵޱȵİ
˭кĿģ
ʵ
˭ҪҪǣǾעһ٣ˣǼȻǸߵߣӦһǧļֵйǾʹ뿪бﶼ£Ǳȫ˵Ψһϣ
˾Ӹ£˵
Ǵ뿪
ǧ̾˶ԷĿġ
ʵѾµˣͰ˹һصߣҲΪǧңǧ˵ϸӦƺԶȰ˹׸ǿϢ
һˣǧǶ֡ԷأдչޣߵչޣҲʮͷ
ʵֱֲѹǧ硣
ҪЭˣŽǱ磬뿪ǧ磬
ǧȥգжôΣաôȥգֻ·һ
ǿչޣǿߣ·һ
ǧܽһţȴʧȥ˸ʬк죿
Ҫǧ磬ÿǴ𲻴Ӧ
¶˾ġǧҲһ˼Ҫǹóǧ磬ǸͲܡ
վҪսڤ粻飬ˣǾûлˣɱ
߶ˣһ־ȫԸ
˶׷ʩչ챦ǵģҲ챦ȻǶȴԱ֤޽ӽ۷ߡ
ǲľһһԾΪ۷ߣ
ʵǧҲһʵǵʵҲǿ꣬ĸߵߡ
ֻҪһ̾ܳΪ۷ߡ
ֻϧһѣҪʯҲһ֣ǧûֺ¡
Ҳֻõһ²죬ܷӳ߰˳ɵʵ޽ӽ۷ߣҲͶˡ
ֻϧ뷨Ҳֻһˡ
صߣݺն꣬Ҳûܵõһοǧ
¡
˫һˣİߣ磬ϵƣֱѹǧ
ǧѾ߶ǧ磬ݺһײҲ޼£ǧǧ缱Ķ
һ˿˿ѷ졣
һ֮£ǧܴ
ǿȻǶҲȥԶˡ
޽ӽ۷ߣ֣۷ߣ˿ɵС
ǵ״̬ȫ߶ǧҲֻ֧һʱ䣬ôֵ
ǧɫȻ
ǶգҲô֪ǺϵӣǽѲģǷʵǿǿ
ʵ΢ǿҲδκεǡ
ֻϧǰߣƺǿǿԶǿһֹ߲챦ӲӲȫֵס
ôȥֻ·һ
ֻǣǻ
˻ǧ磬ǧǲõĴֵɡ
һҧ˵
ǧ磬ǾӪԪһ㲼öûУ
ǧϵĲãѾǧֶˣһʧܣ롣ˣ򲻵ѣҲԸ˻ǧ硣
ֻڣѾûѡˡ


1840 ˮīͼˣ
ţ˻صǧȥˣǧıݣǧһսݣûãν
ظߵߣĿǧĳˣƺ޶Ҳǧ뵽ǧ統С
ǧǧ磬һʱ߶ǧķ
¡¡
ʱǧ綼ھҵ𶯣һɽˮͼǧܣķ󣬽ǧ綼ù
ǧĵƣ
ʲô
һ
ǧǰδеΣֻܿǧˣϣλǧֵܹסյеĵˡ
һΰ˹壬ûܱȳλǧʹĵƣһΣ±ϴθӵաλǧĲãֵܲܵסյĵˣ
һܵסǧˡ
˽ٽǶ£ǳĵǧϿա֪ʲôԭ֪ǧĵơ
Щ˽µĽ˵ޱȵĻ֣֪̿׷ʲô£Ҳоһʲô¡
˿̣ǧѾȫǧĲá
Ļý̾һˮīͼɣ
ˮīͼͨó˽˶ʯȫڹһˮīͼΪǧ֮ϣԱʱ֮衣û뵽õˣѡԸԶõ
ˮīͼҲ·˵дӡλǧÿһζλһȥʣһλǧ硣
꣬ҲΣգҲһЩСֻϧû̫ջΨһջҲǹôһˮīͼôҲһȻֻһͨ
ǧ磬ϣֵܹסǿĵˣǧһ˿ϣڹȻõˮīͼ
ˣ
Ȼ͸ˮīͼҲصĸߵߡˮīͼԼǧܲܵסǣҲ֪
ھǧҲֻģѾˡ
˿̣֮Уضǿߣһɽˮʱ΢΢һ㶣漴ɫ
ˮīͼǷ
ֻһǧ磬Ҳ൱鷳û뵽ߣһͨһǿ¾͵úķһʱˡ
ߣжһͿ˺ˮīͼֻϧô׻õģҪƿˮīͼҲ£Ƕķһʱˡ
صĸߵһ漴һ֣ʱչޣĳǧ硣
𡭡
Щչޣײǧ磬ҲײˮīͼֻûʲôáˮīͼײͺˮĲһһ˿˿ʧˡ
ˮīͼã˵ˮīͼû˾޴ãǧ磬ԼķǾͲһˡ
ĳ̶ֳϣ˿̵ˮīͼܷӳȽǿˡ
չԴԴϵĹǧܵģΪΪֹصĸߵ߻ûж֡
ɱ
ڣظߵ̲סˡ
һ־ȫԸ񱩵ǿһ֮Ѿ޵Ľӽ۷ˡ
¡
ˮīͼҵҡţǧ磬ھҵĻζšǧҲĵĴ߶ˮīͼԼǧ֮ӿ뵽ˮīͼУֵصĸߵߵĹ
һιǧɹֵסˣֻǿʼİߣǿʼ˷Ĺ
һΡΡΡĴΡ
Ҳ֪˵׹˶ٴΣˮīͼԼǧһ̶ðصĸߵߣӵǿʵ޽ӽ۷ߣȷռơ
ǧˮīͼλߵߣȫķȻֵסǧѾϿˡ֡
ǵס
һ졢졢졭
һ¡¡¡
һսһһֻǧ緽Ǻܱ۵ġߣһ˼£ڣˮīͼֵסˡ
꣡
ˮīͼϳһ˿ѷ죬һ˿ѷ죬ʹѾ֧Ųס˼ˡ
Ȼ߳ˮīͼϵѷԽԽ࣬飬ͬ֩Ƶģܲˮīͼϡ
ǧƴǧ֮ά֣ƺҲ޼¡
ˮīͼĿҪ֧Ųסˣ
֧Ųסˣټһƣ
Цͬʱʩչȫһݺݵĺˮīͼϡ
أ
һ죬ˮīͼһҡΣΪ촷ۣɢ֮С
ˮīͼˣ


1841 ŭ
ˣ
յУƺƵһȦȦʱ֣ҲķΧԽԽ㡣

ţһʱճӳ֮С
ʱճ֮УԼһӰ֡
ˣ
һͳ̾Ϣƺһ˿ڴţһӰʱճһԾ
֪ǧôˣλɺã
ַܵգš
ڴǴĲɹһЩСǧŵĵر󣬾͵һʱʩչʱճӣǧ硣
ھǧ粻Զˣַ嶼ԼԼӦǧϢ
ţôôʱչޣ
ַȻ΢΢һüչޣܲ
ȻеȷչޣգƽʱһͷչޣѾǱȽϵùˡ
ڣֹһͷͷչޣʮͷʮͷֹϰͷ
ַһľѸٵĳǧӦ
һӦַĿһԭ¶ЦݵϱҲ˲
һɭȻɱ͵ı
ҶǧߣգҲҪ֮أ
һַ̣嶯ŭˡ
дô꣬Σʱû˶ŭ
ڣŭͬɽ緢һ˲䱬
ͬʱַһ粽Ӱ˲ʧӰ

ˡ
ŻΪ촷۵ˮīͼкʹֹһһǺǧܹ֮򵽵һ
ô˵Ҳǧеҡ
ڣһжˮīͼıʧˡ
Ҫǣˮīͼһǧʲôֵǿߣ
ǵˮīͼѾˣǵǧ磿Ǽǧ磬Ҳݻٹǧ硣ȻЩĴݻǧ磬˭ǲóǧأڼ˳ҲѾˣ
ߵߣѾŴչޣǧ֮ǰǧĶ档
ĻýȻһЦ綼ôһ죬֪Сԭǽϵ̫˰Ļý뿪ɣҲҪʲôˣ뿪ɣֻҪߣҲǸǽϵһ˿֡
䣡
ͬʱչ
һþһչķɱֻǣ͵סߵߣһ޽ӽ۷ߡ
Ҫˣ

ĻýĶȴʲôû˵Ǻڵ
ڲߣǾԶ߲ˡ
ߣֱ룡
һ̳ǧȥ
͵ʩչһޱȾ޴Ĵب֮У赲סߵȥ·
ȼգ
ʩչҲסߡˣһ̣ȼǧ֮
ǧ綼ڱҪȼպԱԶƽʱ
ʮٱ
һ̣ǣҲһ޽ӽ۷ߵĳ̶ȡǲطһ𣬶Һܿͻȼմճɻҽ
ǳȫ㣡
߷ǳŭʵǲǧ񣬺ǵĿû̫Ĺϵ
Ǻŭǡ
ݺգ˶ߣȫɱҲҪǵģټ
߱ȫǵǿݺݵĺ֮ϡ
꣡
һ̣֦Ҷ׷׶ѣҲһضѡ
һϵϢһ΢࣬Ͳάס޽ӽ۷ߵ
չסߣĻý˻ߣ㹻ˣĿġ

Ļýս˫ֻ֣Ŀȼǧ֮ȼպشһϢ
ȴް취ǻñ΢롣
ΪǻĻᣡ
ߣ
һ̣ĻýҲٳɣǧ֮ı͵ĳǧ磬׼
ֻӵյУǿ߲Ͼ˼
Ϊ˲װ˷ѣλǧֻ踺ߣǺ˾ǽϵΨһĻˣ
ʱѸʧѾˣδ˽ӽ
ϧһûػסǧ磬Ҳûܽϵź
ţԺͷΪһ̣ߵĹѾˡ
һ£ɣ
ʱһֺ޴󣬷·ޱŭ͵ը졣
ҶǧߣգҲҪ֮أ
ƺƵлصţƺӺԶϵĻص˵Ķߡ


1842 ع飡
ţǡ
Ѿ̹Ȼ͵۾ŵյС
ϤϤԺ̾͸ֳһӰ
ôڻˣֻϧҿˡ
ԺһɲǣͷοֻϧĲʱʱ䣬ܸˡ
֪Ļý׼뿪ʱǳˣûԶǧ磬ͣյС
ѵǻ
ЩɣʵϣѾȷˣǻַ
ֻϧʱַʲôã߶ǣߣΪΣ
ʱ䣬ַܳɳʲôز
ߣ̴ַ壬صǧ磬򣬺ϡ
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ַܿ壬˵Ļýڵǧַܿ壬ַΪϣ
ǧΣôַ͸ϣеϣ
ַֻܹһгһգܱѩޣܸϵ»֣ˣַԲ¡
¡
ƺƵƺѾһӰ
Ӱһǧ磬ƺƵǧ磬ܵġӡ˹ֱصߡ
һģ
صһȻöԷϾڣôһСĹ򣬾ѾǺܽˡ
ˣߵĹͣûнնɱǿѾϵ⣬׸ˣż
أ
ǧ罵ˣַȫǧֱ֮ӽУݺݵһҡ
أ
һңʱɫ䡣
ô
ǿûκϢǴıһλ۷ߣ
Ӧûûͻٽ㣬ôһܳΪ۷ߣûжӦ޽ӽ۷ߣǿֲûƾκ޽ӽ۷ߣ˲ǣߣϽߣ
ˣ̳ˣ
ݺգ֮ԻĺúõģΪǲԹɫ¹ϣ˾ˣû˿
ǧѾߣƺֿɵá
һһ鷳˵һ˿ΣյףǾ̹ϵķֹɲʲô˶ӵеġ
ҲΪֹ˼αɱΣ
һΣҲо˲Ծ
İߣȻûУӲѹסǡҪ֪ǿǿͬ޽ӽ۷ߡ
Ȼ޽ӽ۷ߣûʲôɱԡԼ޽ӽ۷ߣǱʵֱǿ󵽼㡣
ĶϣǺʤ㡣
ˣ˵ϣǧ磬ֱӶӡ
һĻ˶Ŀɿڴʮֵľȡ
ղŻ˼飬·ҪݻǧأڸһԲ̾ͶӣⷴҲ̫ˡ
죬ȴ֪˵Щʲô
ĻýҲȻַһûн֣мֱսʤǿߣôĶˣ
ôܣ
ȴʵ
ֻӣַȴԸ
ǧ磬ѹ
ַһһ䣬ϡ
ʱǧ͡
һǧӴַڵĵ̣ǧ磬ѾȽǧҪӴöˡ
ڸȫʩչǧ磬ʱǧ罵٣ס˷Բľ롣ߵٶٿ죬Ҳ޷ӳǧѹΧ
ʱЩˡ
ҿ
ֳǿ߾ȫ񱬷
һ޽ӽ۷ߵһ֣Ҫƿǧݣ׾١
ַǧ磡
ַƿǧˣһ˲䣬ַǧһ
Ӳƴ
䣡
ն·ţֲನ˷ɢȥȻַǧ֮ȴӴǧֱ֮Ӹɡ
Ƕ֣ȫǶ֣
ַǧ磬ܹѹģһǧǿɾˡ
ǣַǧ֮ѹסߣǾ͸Ӽˣȫסߡ
ʱﻹ֪ΣΣ
ֻ۷ܿ죬Ͽ֪ͨסеıеʯƶ׼ıʯͳͳסʱֻܾǡ
ѾΣʱﻹĵ뷨ǲһУҲһҪס


1843 ļһ˱
һİյУһҾͷۡͣоķţٶƺһҲż
֮Уֻһˣһϥھ֮еĽӡǰȻȫʯ;ʯֱѻɽ
ǼߣƺҲû˿ֲҡ
ں֮һˣȴҡ
Ǿף
Ȼ۷ߣõһ챦Ǽ챦ΪһΪۡ
ۣһǾǴգյж磬˲ִеκεط
۵ԣѸۻӴĲƸѷһ֮
Ҫ֪Žֻ۷߰ˡ
ġܼ֮򵥣ǾǮ֣Σʱֵʱˡ
ˣ
Ȼ׵ĴѶʯѸٵ𶯣洫һеѶϢ
ףϽǷ硢ɳԸ⽫ʯʯͱף׾һ۷ߣʤ۷ߵǿߣϿ
ӴѶʯϢѾ֪˶Էݡ
ɳ˼Ǵˣһдˣ۷ߣûжʵȴ۷ߣе˼
׻벻⣬ֻǷɳĲƸˡ
֪ɳһֱСӶᡱ֪ٵ˶ǧ磬˺ĲƸҪһ
ֻϧڹһ񣬱׷ɱΣգֻԺƸˡ
׵ӴƸǿַʽ۵ġۣһмǼߣ⡣
Ǽ𶥼ļߣԼײβհĻݺգûץס
ţɱù;õˡ
ǣ̾ʹ߶ۣʱۻΪһâʧյС

ȣ˭ȣ
ַȻߵĶ
գַʱ֮˭ܴգ
ȻҲпַªţܴգΣҾߣַҲ֮ΪУɱ⣡
ַɱ죬Ҳۣ۾ǧ磡
ļ磬ĸ
жǿһ㶼иںյУǳĹ¼šǵĹףĸڴǣңҲǹĸ
ˣײŷѾǧ࣬ϧķѾ޴ۣҪ£һλ
иַͬи
ڣַ巵ǧ磬ĸ㱻٣ܲŭˣǲŹߡ
ˣֻǸߵߣȻڸߵߵжһһĴڣ޽ӽ۷ߡ
ַлԶԶ㲻ƾʱ֮ƾʱҲ׾ٵѹˡ
Ǹι̵ĺôͬöַҲܳΪ۷ߣͨ۷ߡ
˲֪˭Ԯûϵ˭Ԯ˶ֻ·һ

Ȼյһռ䲨ţһɷȻֱӾ˺ַǧ磬һѾߡ
ַ۾΢΢һУһҷۣҷۼһ־̶ߣɱַ岶׽סˡ
һܹдķۣ
ܴա
ԭ߲޵ķʸԮһλܹյǿߡ
͸ղǹɷǾ۷ߣ۷ߣ뼫Ҳһ֮ֻһԴˡ
ҴҲ൱һ˺ַǧ磬ߣǵһʱգһӣôԷӵӰˡ
ννСġ
ߣǳԴļߣҲκβ˶ԷסԷд
һΣַ壡
Ӳʱѹ
ʱַʩչʱմŹʱ֮˲סﷶΧʱա
ʱնסˣۻδ
˿̣ڣɳһļ£ǻЩ£һˡһΣǲ㷭ҺãǲһдۣףĻֻ·һ
ڰȫˣллסҲֻףܹǡ
ܷɳ׳ĴЩۣǺƸʧȥ˻ܼȥ׬ȡˣǿɾʲôûˡ
ˣ׳֣ǻĻм
׵ķ֮УǾ͸оװˡ
˭˲֪ףǿ߶κβáЩļߣԼհ⣬ײκˡ
¡
Ȼ𶯣ţдŹһͬ䳲һȻب֮Уһâա
յд뿪ۣڰ׹ʱһӾͱסƵģһֹյС
գôܣԴǽռԴļһ˱
ɫһףһΣһ˿޿ɶƵĿ־塣


1844 ǿƺɨѹ
ʲôԴô˵һλߣ
ɵˡ
ֻǹռһǧˣǧ磬ֻߵߣͨ߶ûС
ôͻȻðһߣ
Ƿ
֪һλߣǶȥòߵĻ롣ڣǾȻȥǼߣǴô꣬Ҳûˡ
ܣôǼߣףһŪˣһҪǡܹգһߣǻһЩƸճ֮УֻҪܾǣЩƸġ
Ѿ׿־ˡ
һߣǸҴһλߵǧ⣬ǲʲô׶ΣڵϦ
ֻһļߣ׻塣Դ߶۴뿪ַʱףûκλᡣ
ҹȥ
ǣһȷѡһѽ߸ߡ˷֮⣬ַ崫λߣ֮ᣬ˾͵ˡ
أ
ַûκֹͣʱ˲ѹ£ߣɳûбʱѹֱӱʱ֮о촷ۡ
ˣɳҽһƾݺն꣬ȴˣΪ촷ֵۣʱ
񣿡
ַЦһˣǾ뱾ΪУԣѹɣ
ַɲΪס߳˷ɳסʱǰûκߵϣ
֮׵İæ
׼ˣæ˵𾴵ף㲻Ҫ̫ףҲӦ˵ҡҵ֮㣬ԶһЩļߣϵˣһù
ôףѾвһߣˣǾɣ
ַɱ¶ʲôˣΪУַͲŹ
οַĵزݺգļߣհַ嶼壬һ۷ߵв
¡
ʱѹ£׸ûκεֵ֮ͱʱ˽ȥ

׷Ҫ߶ֻۣϧʱĽ֮£ûκηӦдֲ״ûгһջ
ַɹʱ׵ѹףһʱͶַƿ֮ˡ
漴ַʱĿ
û°ɣ
Ѿָƽַٵм佫ߵ߷ɳ촷ۣѹס
ƹ̺ܸӣʵϽֻʱ䣬ǵʯ䣬һоͶˡ
˿ˡ㻹Ϸ⣬Ⱑ
Ҳ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ַͬ뿪ǧ磬ǰմĿʲôΪַܹͻǧǧ絮λǧгһգַܳΪߵߣ۷ߡ
ּʺСС
ַܹΪߣǶǧѣѾˣڳΪ۷ߣǲ츳⣬ҪǻԵõһĶС
ңͻƳΪߣǻöΪ۷ߣǶҪʱ䡣
ھַ뿪Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
ǧʱˣһʱ䶼ûС
ַع飬Դݿ֮ƣɨ޽ӽ۷ߵǿߡղŻѹһ۷ߣ
Ǻεȿֲ£
ǺϤַ壬¶Ϊһ١Ļˡ
ַϤĽϢǧ磬ǽϵУԲ
ַѾǰ
˵û£ʵϣء
ܵشȼǧ֮ǧѾǧٿףٱԼָҲ׶༪١
Ҳǻ϶õˡ
Ǻ㡣
ĻýʱҲصߣ⸱ӣҲΪ
ƣֻܵ
ôģǴ¡ˣȴǧϣлڣǧԸˣǰһֱûʵֵԸҲڻĴ£һһʵ֣Ѿˡ
ûԵ̫ˡ
˵ƺңԶƺֽߡֻźûǧǽϵܹյзˡ
Ըǿһһȥʵְɡ
ַǺȻ¶һ˿Цݡ


1845 ѾõĽˣ
ʲô˼
Ҳסˡ
ҵ˼ǣ㲻
˵ַ꣬óһĵر׼ȷ˵һСĵرַרռһЩǧŶкôĵر
ַ廹ʣһ㣬ʵ׼λǧܹóǧܵشǳأٱСǧ籾ԴȶСǧкܴôĵرûô
ܹǧŵĵرȴɽ⡣Щĵرǧ綼ţһʲôգۼ޸
⡭ĵر̫ˡ
Ȼյûд೤ʱ䣬Ҳǹªܹ֮ǧ綼ŵĵر
½ֻһ㣬ֵѷһͨ
ĵر˵ʲôȻָصǧһһһĽ͡
ַ屳˫֣У͡ߴϣַֻǧġ
գʵΪڵַ壬Ǿǧϣ˭Ὣַ忴
ǣҲһҧĵر
ܿ죬ĵرÿʼ֣ǧصˣѸٵĿʼָһָٶ֮죬ֱ˼
ٶȣҲͼʱ䣬ƾܹȬܸһֱǲ˼飡
ҲǶĵرЧ
ţ˻صǧ硣
ַȥһ¼ˣǧǳİȣ֮ǰߵĹʵҲǧ磬ǧһͨ˶ܸӦ
һжˡ
ַûǧ̹סһУǧʵ˭ż˭ɻ󣬵ǻǾĵȴš
һֱȵȬַר̰ݷλǧЩ£ǵλǧ̹סˡ
ʱǧС
ûʲôոӰȫˣУַԼǧԽԶͲõİȫ⡣
λڿ¶ɻյе׾ʲôɣ
ַЦ˵
ȷǺɻ󣬵ǸˣΪˡ
ԽǿǧԽкô
ڹؼʱ̷ǧ磬Ѿ˵ϵǧˣûʲôҪ
λǧʵҲ۹һΪַҲǵ͵ǧΪǧǸǧ磬ĻַͲ
յУʲô˶С
һЩߣԴܹΪߡԭΪϣȴû뵽߸Ͳ壬ֱӾǰգһȥٻ
Ҳкܶࡣ
ַһȥأǧҲûκΰ취
ڣַϵǧѾǿˣȴɷǧ磬ǧ˵㹻ˡ
λʵЩյУҵȷࡣҲԵɺ֮£õһЩʵǲµûڵȷǼߵʵߣҪһԴǼԴǿʱҲǧʮ֮׵ķ䳲
ʵ£ַ׼̹ˣֻһֱں˵ûҵᡣھʵĻᡣ
˵ʵǧҲµ
䣡
ȻϢܾǧԺ족ǺߵȷҪһԴܱ֮Ϊߡ
ԴǺεȵ
ǵգҲŹԴͺʹ˵һûм֮ǰַʱʱѹףʵλѾ²⡣
²ֻǲ²⣬ûеõ֤ʵ
ڣַĻ֤ʵˣʱȷһԴ
˭뵽һǧڣȻһԴ
ʮ֮׵ķ䳲Ҳ̽ΣȻûз֣һԴԵ˵֮
䳲ǧôʱ䣬λǧûһԴȴõǾǻԵϸûƿط䳲
ô˵ԴҲǱǧĽõܱסǧ緱ٲʢǾ㹻ˣ
λǧܿˡ
˵ûźûаûڣҲܡ
ǧЩʹϾǿԴ
ǵǰûаסûܹʶ÷䳲ĿʹΣ
ڣⲻĽַõӦ˵һμѻ٣ַԴػǧ磬ѾõĽˣ


1846 ƽϵ
Ҳṵ̂ַ˵ͷʵҲǺǧһġ̹ϡʵҲһСĿ顣
ڣǧסˡ顱ַҲԷųСˣҲһ˻صǧĿġ
λ£һ֮Էǧ磬һ£Ҫλµİ
˵
λǧҲʮֵĿַݵλѾһ˵ϣȻСĽĶԴ
λ£Ӧϵı׶ˡ
ַûֱ˵Ƿ
ԴˣзȨϵĽ֮һˣǵһǧǣп˵ʵϵһֱơǧһλȱ˽ϵ߳Сǧ磬Ϊ½˴Ľֻǣ޿ɽͳͳ˵ھŴμԪ֮£޷һΪھŴμԪ٣ǾǼޣǰѾû·
ҲĵھŴμԪٺ󣬾ô䡣в㣬лкôͷһ޵һ죿Ҳģϸо˽ϵǵĽϵʵģСǧ硣յУСǧ֮ϻǧ磬СǧļԪ٣ҲΪܹΪǧ硣
ǣԾѾϤ˽ϵİأõھŴμԪٵһǽСǧɱΪǧ硣̣ҺܽҺķ˺ܳʱѪоǧ籾ʣĳһ죬ҳɹǧ籾ʡ
£Ƕ֪ˣҳΪ˵һλǧڶħΪǧΨһİ
ƺ׷ŵĻԻ¼ʵϣĻýַ壬ʵ
Ϊ˽ϵýǲþãھŴμԪٹû·ˡ
ĻýǶ߳·ӶΪǧĳ˵߳·ûдȷġ
ֻǣ߳·̫Ҳ̫ˡĻҲֻλǧˡҲһֱǧ⣬뷽跨Ϊ˽ٽǴ
ֻϧһֱûܹλǧ
Ҳַ壬дųΪ˵λǧ
λ£ǾͲγΪǧ𣿡
ַȻʵ
γΪǧ
̲סʵѵǧ籾ʣȹھŴμԪ٣Ϊǧ
ַȴҡҡͷھŴμԪ٣ҵȷȹˡǧ籾ʣҲȷˣȴǽǰǽСǧɱǧ磬ҲȻȻǧ籾ʡ
ʲôô˵ûǧ籾ʣȴɳǧôģ
𾪣Ҳ𾪡
ֱǲ˼顣
Сǧǧǧ籾ʵ֮·˵Ƶġ
һֱб׶ˣǾ̫ѡ
һ㣬һֱҲ취ֻϧһֱûЧİ취
ѵַа취ˣ
ַ忴λǵĿ֮ж¶ڴַҲ֪λЩʲôǣصĵ˵ͷλµĲҵȷһ֣ǧ籾ʣܳɹͻƳΪǧİ취ңְ취ľûҪֻҪ㹻ĵرܹͻǧ磡
ʲôľκҪ󣿡
ǿԴ󵨵󡣡
ַĻʣһλǧ㶵
ʵַΪߣǶû˵𾪡
ϾַҲֻһˣкõĻԵΪߣҲôɽܵ¡ҪǣǺ²ܸƣֻܿ˵ĻԵǿ󲻵á
һպַʲô£ʧôǧɺΣա
˲󼺣ȻǶַܷģΡǧԼǿҲػǧ硣
һ죬ܻͬΣ
ԼǧԼǿʢǧȱȽǣϵǿʢôǧŻ᳹ȹ̣Σա
ڣַƺʹֿܣλǧβ𾪼
ֻҪĵرҪľҪ⡭ģ
ڲȻĺܼЩ̫ʵ
ַ֪ҪǧţʵѡϾԼʹ˴СǧǧķţԴˡ
ʵʡչʾһºš
λ£ƾۼ֤һλǧĵʵǾĳΪ֤ʵһˡ
ַЦ˵Ҳš


1847 ɱչʾ
λܺܺɣǰַҪһλİ˽ٽĿǰҲȵھŴμԪٵ
ݼλ£
ԵúܹĿʱʱַ塣ַ֪Ҳǰ˽ٽתۼ䣬ַȴΪǧһǧ硣
ǧĵλ죬ʵϣ϶ѾԽǧǧһǿߣ
Щ֪λǧк£
ЩСĽģַЦ˵ؽţӣӦǵھŴμԪپҪ˰ɣ
Ѿо˽
аͻƳΪǧ
Ц˵ȹھŴμԪٻûģСǧɱǧ磬˵ʵһɵİնûС
һɵİնûУǾκΰնûУⴿǿ˵״̬ȥȵھŴμԪ٣ֻ·һ
֪֮¡źˡ
˽ٽҪΪǧôףҪǧ籾ʣ̫̫ѣŬһԪʱ䣬ûܳɹ
ŶȻˣĳһСС飬Զ
ֱԡ
ǣַҲûԥֱ˵˵յдһЩзšؼľǿԲǧ籾ʣСǧɱǧ硣ֻǣλ²ôţۼΪʵˣұ׼չʾһԸ⣿
Ȼһ
ʲô
Ȼ˵˽зţԲǧ籾ʣСǧɱǧ硣
⻹ԥ
Ը⣬Ը⣡
·ȲͬˡܲͬһǧѷĻᣬַֻλǧչʾúô
ַķŻ᲻ΣգҪ
ȵȵھŴμԪ٣ֻ·һôһпܳɹĻᣬȻͬ⡣
͵ģַЦŵ˵ͷ𼱣һЩ׼ҪȣǷЩĵرСǧٱ
ĵر
ַóһĵرûʲôоǧһľյдȻ֪ʲôĵر
ϢĵرǶ𡭡
Ц˵
ʵѾַ壬ֻۼ֤һˡ
ַóôĵر󣬶٣Ǿ֪ȻСǧҪɱǧ磬ûô򵥡
ЩĵرӦþǱر֮
ǧյǸߵߣҪЩĵر֪ö೤ʱ䣬οͨİ˽ٽ
Ȼдûһ˳£СǧҪΪǧҲһʵɱ䣬Ȼûôס
лþи
Ҫ׾پͳΪǧͲܡ
ַ˵ֻҪһЩĵرʵҲ㻵¡ܱǧ籾ôҪúܶࡣ
٣ʵʵڵĿϣŬȥȡЩĵر֮ǰһֻܿ
һ
գַֻʮĵر𵱳ַʹõĵرࡣ
ΪĲͬ
ַĸεʵҪţȻҪĵر
ĸԶԶûַʵˣʮĵرѾ㹻СǧŰٱˡ
Сǧ磬ͬһһٵͣܿ͵˰ٱδо˵ǿ
ֻǿʼ
һʱռ٣ĵھŴμԪٺܿͻ٣Ҫ׼
ַҲϸ˵ֱӾʱ֮ס
ˣ
ʱռ٣оʱٵţСǧڵĽ򽥽ԽԽࡣ
Ѿо˼Ԫٵ١
ʱһ˿֮ǰǿĸоѾȻ޴ˡΪǶȲȥʧܣɾͻҷˡ
¡¡
ڣļԪˡ
ǧĿַһۣû뵽ַ廹ܡʱռ١ζʲô̫ˡ
ζţƴַۣڶʱڣ͡ǧǺεȵķ
Ҫ֪һλǧںյУǿɾߣ
ʲô壬ճеУҲǾԵм֧
ڶʱڣ족ߣ붼˻
ڣǧףνʱ֮жô棡Զǵ


1848 ɹˣ
ǧԺתͷͷٶ࣬ҲһǰᣬǾɹ
ɹôһнݣ
ĵھŴμԪѾ٣Ѿ׼˴Сǧ籾ԴˣھŴμԪȻͣס
ڴСǧ籾Դ֧£ȹסơ٣ΪСǧ籾ԴµھŴμԪʧܡ
˶ĿתĶƺҪš
ʱ򳹵׷ˡ
дСǧ籾ԴĵھŴμԪٺɣڴٹ̵УСǧҲѸٵš
ԭѾϰٱСǧѾӴˡڣϰٱĻ֮ϣٶϰٱǺεȿֲĸ
ǧһҲ۾·𲻸Ƶġ
ǵСǧɱǧ磬ûӴǧ硣ǵǧӴҲڳΪǧ֮ʱУһһĳɳ
أ
Сǧų̶һɹͻƳΪǧ磬ôոͻƣӵ޽ӽߵߵʵ
ֻҪ΢һʱ䣬ܳǧ޽ӽ۷ߡ
Ǻεȿ£
Ҫ֪ǧΪôԪԼһһεĻۣҲԶԶûдﵽ޽ӽ۷ߵĵز
ֻͨĸߵߡ
һɹͻƣǾһԾϣ΢һͱǻǿǱǸӿֲ
ǧɻַвʲô
ƵĽϵ͵ٶȣ͵ƣں嫵յжռҪĵλ
ңʲôҲԶԶûι̡
ַһΪǧʵѾ޽ӽ۷ˡһͻƾǸߵߣǺεȿֲ
ˣܳɹͻƣǴĿɲһλǧǴǽϵĽ߳һȫµ·
Ҫģ
ԪٽˣСǧ˽ٽʱϣֻǣҲʼɱˣһɱʧܣӴСǧҲ޼£׷ױ
˵
ʵϣǧȻַ壬Ͼûۼ֤Щġ
λ԰꣬ȥ
ַ嵹
ȫµĽзţǿǾʮöʯ㣬ңԼ֤
û˭˽ְ취ˡ
š
ʵġǡʱȴܡءڵļԪȻѾȹˣ֪ѹˡ
뽫Сǧɱǧ磬ֻܳΪǧĻһоͶһҲ䡣
ֻܳɹʧܣ
ɣɱɣһɹ
˿ĺ˳
ͬʱӴСǧ磬Ҳʼɱ䣬ָоͷ·Ҫȫ˺һ
ʹֱ࣬Գܡ
꣡
СǧϿʼһ˿ƣʱƣԽԽࡣСǧʵ̫Ӵˡ
Ӵ󵽣ȻƣֻСǧһ֡СǧֵĻָȫָܹǿ֧š
⡭ǡ
һĻǧ۾·һӡסˣ񿴵ʲô˼һ
ǷСǧ磬һɲʱٱȴûһ֪ױֻǱһСǧ硣
ΪСǧ̫Ӵ󣬻ָҲܾˡ
ֻ֧ź̵ܶʱ䣬̵ܶʱڣȴѾ㹻СǧĲɱǧˡǧĻָָܻٵСǧ硣
һѭһӦ
ˣȻĳˣ
취ȻЧ
ֻǷСǧʵֱСǧɱǧ磬ǧ籾ʣô򵥣
򵥣Ⲣ򵥡ǧ磬ϢĵرҪСǧ磬ֻܿԪ١ˣûȥմûҵЩСǧĵرͲзš
ԭˣǧĽϵôˡ
ǧСǧ磬Ѿɱǧ磬һɫޱȵĸӡ
֪ȹھŴμԪ٣Сǧɱһ̣Сǧû̱ʱʵѾѾɹ˴롣
Ϊǧֻʱ⡣
Ҳ˵ǧλǧⲻҪ£µıشġ
ζţǧܿӭλλڰλʮϰλǧ
ϵյдʣ


1849 ʧ٣
ˣҳɹˣ
ºһХǧѡ
ʵϣǧѾ֪ˣʲô⣬Сǧɱǧ磬ķһʱ䣬Ҳֻһµʱˡ
ԸԳΪǧλǧңոճΪǧʹﵽͨ۷壬ֻҪٳһ׾پܳΪߵߣǧʵ
Ҫл˭
һݣ
ַһܹΪǧҪм˾ַˡûַ顱޷Ϊǧ
ºַ幫·ţΣ
Ѿַ·ţؼԴԴͬСǧ籾Դַ·ҪԴǿǷǳ󣬾յжǳ
ϢȵȣЩԻĵرַ幫·ţûЩĵرҲûκô
ϲ㣬Ϊǧλ·ŵ£λǧͬ
˵ͷȻֻǣ·ҪԴʵ̫󣬼յжԻá
ʵǧҲĹǡ
ԴˣַǼ¶һ˿Цݵλǿ֪ǣ
ǣǵȻ֪ǿǾǧһճˡҲǰǡᵽǺ⣿
λɻ
ַЦ˵ܵг׵룬ΪǵԻôɵ档
ʲôɵ棿
˼飬ǲ˼顣
ǿǴǡ
λǧ۾ޱȵ𺳡
Ǻǵĵλжôġԣ
ôһԣճУַΪǲ˼ˣڻɵ棬Ǹ˾ò˼顣
Ҫ֪ƾŴǣƾŹס˲űںյУһǿ塣
ǧĽǣҪյУ·ţûǧ籾ôѣҪ롰𡱣ʵɺѡ
٣Ҫܳʱ䡣
ڲһˣַ֪ᵽ˼
ַ忴һλǧУ¶ڴ֮ɫǣֱַ˵λµûһһ˴ԴЩĵرĿǰǧа˽ٽͳͳΪǧ
ȫΪǧ
һʱ䣬ڣ˵ĺ
ǧøߵߣҲΪ𺳡ҲַΪʯַ˵һ֡
ַʸҲĳŵ
ôϵ̾յվȽŸ
еÿԼҲֻһĵرԺǣҪԼŬյдܹöĵرԴͿԼĻԵˡ
ַ建˵
İǧ磬Ƶȡǲܵġýǲ
ַʯĶൽֻһ֣Ҳһֱ޳ṩԴǧߡ
һΣֻǧһЩʵĸȻķչ
ַģҲֻһ
ȻУԼǿˡ
ǧǱʾ⡣
ΪʵҲôģԻúСǧ籾ԴҲû޳ṩЩ
ǽ
Ҳڽɳ˽ٵʱ򣬸ˡ㲻ĵǧȻ
ˣλλжɣټеİ˽ٽ
ַҲûκԥն˵˻Ϊ£ǧ졣
һ˴ߣзɳôǧ磿¼ǧ磬ҲԶԶıܿˡ

ǧַһ£˾֪
ȻͻƳǧǧĵλǧ
˵ַͻƣʵ˻ûʲôоĻôͲһˣ˽Ǽĳ
ַǿ棬Ҳгɾ͵ǧҶô¡ȴǴϤˣ֮ǰû˿İգôһӾͳΪǧ
һϢнɡ
ַ壬˽зšǰ˽ٽǧһܰٷְ٣֤ͻƣ
Ϣ̫š
ͻȻĳһ죬˷֣а˽ٽƺˣͺʧһ֪١


1850 ʱռ٣
ô˽ٽˣܹһλ˽ٽ
˵
ʱյУĴǧַ壬а˽ٽټһЩ˽ٽиոճΪ˽ٽõģҲпҪھŴμԪٵġ
ָ֮С
ôˣ
ַЩ١
֮ǰɳ֣ʧһЩ
ַ˵ͷ˽ٽչʱʵҲûʲôƣ֮ǰʧʮλȻ϶ࡣ
ϰλ˽ٽҲѾ㹻ˡ
λǶټյУӦλǧĽˣɻʲôɻɻģڶ
ַɨһЩ˽ٽа˽ٽһڴԾԾԵģȻǶ챻ټĿġ
ǿΪ˸߸ϵǧʱǾ͸ޱȵڴˡ
ãȻûʣǾ׼ʼˡ
ַҲܸɴ࣬û˵һЩϻ
Щĵ˵֪ʱռ١֮ǰܼѾܾˣڣϰλ˽ٽҲһ٣᲻ĸ̫ˣ̫أҪǿһһ
ȻڵַܲܳܵɡϾⲻһˣҲͨǿһλ˽ٽ
ϰ˽ٽҪʱռ٣ҲǼһʱᣬͳͳһԪֲ
ַЦģûаգҲôǰǻѣڡ˵ϰλ˽ٽˣٶ࣬ҶԣҲֻһְˡ
ַȷʱֻ֮Լ
Դɱǧ磬ʱճҲɱ֮ʱ֮򣬻ûм٣ڳǴǿˡ
˽ٽַ˵Ͳֵһᣬɶ̸ϡ
Ҳֻмϵǿߣַ˵һĸɡ
ȻѾ׼ˣǾͽЩĵر˰ɡ
ֱַóĵرÿֵܷٶʮ
Ȼͬǰ˽ٽַһ츳һʹĵرЧҲһ
ЩˣʮĵرϰٱˡЩˣҪӽߴﵽʮĵرܽСǧŰٱ
ûйϵַǳĹӦŴĵرҲֻŰٱ
ʵŵĻǳΪǧУ̺ܳСʱ䡣
ַȴûǽʡЩʱ䣬ṩЩĵرѾ御ˡңҲû˻ҪַٶóһЩĵر
һº󣬻ȫϰٱСǧ磬ַʱѾ࣬㿪ʼһ
Ƕ׼ʼʱռˣסҪ
ַ˿һ֡
¡
һʱճӣյС
˶̧ͷͳӣѾ֪Ǿʱճӣܹʱռٵʱճӣ
ڵַأʵѾʲôˡ
ַܽӶһԪڣȹμԪ٣ʵǰֲ²⣬ôڣ˶ˡ
ʵʱַܹ֮ʱռ٣
ʱռ٣ַ弸ʲôʱȼԪ٣ǾʲôʱȼԪ٣ַ岻ȼԪҲԡ
ʱ֮棡
棬Ҳû˻ʱ֮ô
οַ񻹳Ϊ˼ߣǾ͸Ǹ߸ϣֻϴڣ
ַһָʱճ͵
¡
ʱճ˲;סϰλ˽ٽнСʱноʱպһЩ仯ʲô仯Ҳ̫
Ϊ˶ʱճ֮Уܲԡ
ֻǽעСǧʱܺԵĸоʱšʱһֲֿٶš
ʼˣһλļԪˣ
ûãַָͷһλ˵
һλ˽ٽھŴμԪٱѾܽˣʱռ֮£ȻǵһھŴμԪٵĽ
ֱַӽŲƳʱճӣƾյпʼȵھŴμԪ١
ǵڶλλλ
а˽ٽʼȵھŴμԪ١
ȼԪ٣ֻҪСǧ籾Դˣһ㣬ǰ˽ٽĴǧʵѾ׼׵
ԲΪСǧ籾Դð˽ٽ޷ȹԪ١
ʱƣԪٱĽԽԽ࣬ܿ죬һλŭһȶȹ˵ھŴμԪ١
ͬʱСǧҲʼɱˣ
һḶ́Ҫµʱ䡣
һַ壬Ҳֻܾصȴˡ


1851 𺳣ߣ
ʱƣһλһλԪٱٵһжô˳󲿷ְ˽ٽʵڵСǧ磬Ѿʼ̫󣬱ֻһ֡
ôһʱ䣬ȴ˽ǴϢĻᡣ
ǣһλǧˣ
ǧĵλǧʱĴǧԼַ壬ȴûԵöôǱϾѾۼ֤Ȼô
ǵڶλλλλ
ʱƣǧҲࡣɲ߽ٽҲǰ˽ٽǸ߸ϣɱǧ
յУҲǸ߸ϣмߣ
һλλǺܼ򵥣ڣʮλʮλߣӶĵǺ𺳣
ĴǧҲ֮ǰĲΪ⣬ں٣ɫҲļ
վ޷ƽ
һλǧĴǧҲ޷Լĵ𺳣֮ԱƺƵġ
ֻĴǧţѾͻƵһλǧƺҲţǾô׾پͳΪǧ
һϰλǧͬʱҲϰߣͬʱһ𣬽ӶĵǺ𺳵һĻ
Ȼĳɹˣϰǧ
˼飬ǲ˼顣
ʱôĳ棿һ˽ٽȫΪǧǰٷְٵĽʡûκα˵Ķģûκηա
ϰߣǽںյУһϯ֮ˡ
ϰߣԺҲܿΪϰߵߣٵõпܵඥߡһɺǿ
ַοĿһС
ʵ˵һעƹĽϵһȫҲġ
Щǧ󲿷ֶܳΪߵߣûκ⡣
۷ߣǾһѶˡ
۷ߣҪһĶҪķѴʯǶߵ˵Ҳһ֡
ȻԻöȻпҲܳΪ۷ߣָʱȽС
ַ嵱ȻʯԸǧ춥
ڵǧ磬ѾûΣˡ
ϵҲѾƣԺЩ͵ÿԼˣУʼջǵÿԼ
ȻַԼĻýǧһݴ٣Ϊ׼һĶλǧ۷С
ң뵽۷УҲַܰڴӰλǵСڸС
ֻǣЩַ廹ûüλ˵ڲǧǿ񻶵ʱ̡
ʱһš
ǧ綼ӭ˾ҵı仯ֱͬһнͷǧѾӡ
ôǧȱȽǣô£
Ǵ̽ôһʱȴһĶסˣЩ̫š
ϰǧǺεȵ𺳣
ǧ£һŵ˶ǧ
ַ壬һҲˡ
Ҳȵָ֮
أ
һӶϰǧҼں̵ܶʱڣ֮ǰȫûκηôܣ
⵽ô£
˯ʱ䣬Ÿոѣôǧˣ
ֹˣֱ췭ظ˼顣
ϰǧѹ֮ǰ˽ٽʧˣǼȥͻô
һᵽ˽ٽʧֶϰǧ޶۵˶֪ǧܷĳЩ䣬벻ı仯
ҲûɻãΪոʳ¯ϰǧΪʼ˵ǵġ¡
һʱ䣬ǧ綼˷ںͿ񻶡
ַ壬˽ϵ˵˽ϵһð˽ٽǲٵ£ͻʸߴٷ֮١
ǺεȾ޴ĳɾͣ
ĳ˵ַΪʵӰ춼Ҫ
˶ĽϰǧͬʱַƵĽϵţҲ֮ڡ
ޱȵ˷ܡ
ǰϰǧε𺳣ɹʰٷ֮٣ǵõЩĵرǲҲζţǳΪ˽ٽҲ˳ͻǧ磿
˷ʧĿ¾߽ٽˡ
Ǿ˽ٽֻһ֮һ֮ûиֺʱ
ңЩеĵرһ֪ôûõġַ壬ٴǣ
һУÿȥƴȥᣡ
ԣǿϣǰƺ̤˽ٽ;ֽһڣ̤˽ٽǾǾǧֽһ
ǧʢ£


1852 ǵĲ֮ͣ
ǧӭһȫµʱʱĿߣַ壬־ǵϰǧ
ֻǧȫʱַ壬ȴרλǧ׼뿪ǧ磬شˡ
ǧ̨Ͼ̫С̫Сˣַ̨ں嫵ա
λ£ѾǧܶԪˣûôúôգһΣǿԸȥǣ
ֱַ˵ʵ
ȥǣǵȻȥֻǣʵ̫΢°ﲻʲôæ
ҡҡͷ
ǲȥֻǣڵַѾȣǼߡʵڸߵߵж㲻ʲô
ַʵٵһЩ鷳ǾַȥǣҲﲻʲôæ
ַ΢΢һЦʵʵλعǫλǸߵߣһĸߵߣǷȱľһĶˡһĶǽһԾΪ۷ߣ
ǡǡĳûУʯȴкܶࡣֻҪλȥǣһǵĶʦλ춥λΪ۷ߣ
ַĻ£λǧĺĿǽַ塣
˵ģ춥
Ȼڴǣӣĳеġ
ַŵ˵
ʵһôסʯԶԶ磬һЩϣǾͲôŪġ
һλʦҲÿ飬һ˻졣
ַʲôˣ
ǴǵһһλߣһλʦӣֻҪַ忪ڣеʦԸַ塣
˵һЩϣǻ򵥣ַʯʯǼߣЩ̻ỹ֮ͣ׷ϣ
ˣ˿ַǰȷǲֵһᣬͲʲôַҲλǧǧȷֱӻ߼ӣַ塣
ˣַȻͶұλǧһݴ
ݴ񣬾Ƕ
ãԸǰǣ
ǧﻹӦܹлõһĶΪ۷ߣֱǶ롣
Ҫʵ֣һ򶨵˿Ҳ˷ܡ
ַǧźһС
ǧϰߣȻַ岻ҪԼϰߣҲ뿪ȥյд
ܻһЩҲǧˡ
ңַҲݣǴǵ
һǧǧǣǶ٣ַ廹ǻӻġοһλߣڼߵ£Ҳм˭Ҳߵ̫ࡣ
ַǧҲˡڵǧ磬ǲ죬Ժǧ絮ߵٶȲô죬ջۣȴԻԽԽࡣ
ңԽԽĽѡյд
ܰ󣬸Ĵۺܴ󣬵߻һʱ䣬ʵܹġڹ֮ǸԼ˻ѣʵһҲٽǧķչ
һѭַڴġ
ԺǧΣַҲǧˡ
뿪ˡ
λǧǧ磬Ŀлһ˿ᡣ
ôᣬվǸߵߣվҪ뿪ġ
ַҲĿһǧ磬һȥҲ֪ʱٷأܾãߣ޾ûʲô˸С
ˣ
ǣַǧŷۣѸٵԶǧ磬ɽ

ǣһķ١
Уߡ̻Ĵӣ½½ǣڴǸգԵޱȵ֡
ֻǴǷʢһ档
ΪճУôʢٵģʵֻһԭǾǰȫ
ǵģǰȫ
ûκιҲûκƣǿΪʱǿ߶ܵһЩɧš
ˣճоĸ塣ߣϣܹһܹǸеĳУϢһ
ճдڵ塣
ǣδΣһ⣬ȶףǺеңõĴǷҲȷǱѰ
һļߣκβá
˿̣յУһɵ⣬ŴǷҪӽʱȻͣ¶һɫӰ
ףһǻˣ
ɫӰţŲԶʢĴǣǷ֮ɫ


1853 ף
Ѫףٶȵȷܿ죬㱨Ҳôһʱʱ䡣һΣǿһδģ
ڻɫӰִûã½Ӱִ˴⡣
ӰȻһ⣬ɢǿϢѷɫɫӰ
Ѫһ֮ǰԼƴǺĳɣ˷ֱɡһǰᣬΣܷŹף
ѪףİɣǶ֪͹׵ĶԹ˴ʵõһԴƬ뵽ԴУʵӦñȴҪǿ˰ɣ֣ôߣ
λǼߣܴ
ȻѪʵ˵ģҲηѪס
ߣΪ˽׸ϾɱΪһʧǣ
ѪյĿģʵΪ˴ǵĲƸΪ˸
ǹףһԴ˫νѪƺûл͵ء
˾ʹ֣ŴǣشѪףֻϧûնɱѪףѪ׾ʹ
һѪ׳֣ȻѾ˳׼
ǾͶְɣǵˡ
ٺ٣Ȼһٵճа˴Ǻܾˣֻϧ޷ƴǡ
һףֻǼߡģ߹⡣
ЩˣȻϢЩ顱Ͳ֪Ѿһλ֪Ҳ⡣
֣
Ѫһ£ʱ˸ǻΪһ⣬ֱӷ˴ǡ
ǣƣ
Ѫһ˿⣬֣һĳ˲סǡ
ˣ
ǣһӱסһ˿
ãеϮ
Ǵ󵨣ȻϮǣֻǣϢǿֲѵǼߣ
Ǽߣ빥ƴǣҲǧѡڹĲãǿɲǰ衣
̲סˡ
ԣϢôôϤֹ
ֹȵȣĺϤѪף
Ͽգһֻ޴ƣɢſֲϢǶ֡
ڵˣһȴû˿ʧģ򶨣ʱ٩Щ˵
ǸܵİȫԼǶԴǵģ
ǿƵϮչף׾ٵĻΣţһҲһҲܻΣ
ţѪף
ɫһ䣬漴¶һ˿ŭ𣬷ŭ˴ǡͬʱ׸ǵһʱ䣬ͬһֻƣݺݵĳѪ׵ȥֱӭȥ
¡
һ죬ڽӴһɲǣʱɫ䣬ƾȻѸٵıǱѹƵģصѹ
ճУ֮ƣ
̽˴ǵķ󣬶ʱճдŹķ֮ԴԴϵĻ۵׵С
ʱ׵ȻӲסѪ׵һ˫һ漴׷ɢ
׾ŭӡ
Ȼǵ˿ƺײû·磬׾ٵľ͵ֵסѪ׵Ĺ
ʵϣԼʵˣ˵ѷǿŴǵķ֮Ѿˡ
ǰܹѪ׵ġ
Ѫףһˣ͸úúУȴѰ·ҪٵǡһΣζٷ뿪
һȣ˴ǡ
Ѫ׾ڴ⣬Цһ뿪ٺ٣ףûôģҡҼȻȻа㣡һΣڽӣ
üͷ
˽ѪףһΪĿģֶεˡңҲ̣Сʱѡݷ
һʱ䣬׸оѪƺΣգȴ֪Σˣ뷽跨һҪַΪǵ
ֻǣû뵽ΣǽˣһĶֺͳˣѪף
ңѪ˵ûоԵİգѪײڴǣһΣǻΣˡ
ѪףҲ˵󻰣ܹƵ˴ǣ
Ц˵
ڴǵķν
ôһ˹ƣټأ
Ѫ͵ķɳӰ
Ӱɫ䡣
λߡѪף㻹׼
ԼԤе鲻ȻɶԴģʱȴûôˡ
ǣ̴Ѷ
ַףΣգԮ
ʱ򣬹׿ûǣĴǻһλ


1854 Σ
յУһҷѸٵķɳš
ڣַ徲ϥڷ֮С
ǧ磬ʱʱճڻţʱճһֱʱҲֻʱճӣʱʱϵĻָ
ַʶѾʱ֮С
ף
ַ忴ףԴױѹ󣬾ͺַƵģûκζ
ڿַ壬һʱȻЩ
λףһжᡣҲֻǮ֣ںյУҵĿáֻҪܷңʲô㶼Ծᡣ
׵ʱɲôȥȡŻϾ۷ߣǰ;ôԸôȥ
ʵͺڲѡôͱɳƻˣΪ˵õɳĲƸðվȷɳ𣬽ȴԼȥˡ
ַЦ˵Ǽߣܰﱾʲô

׼æ˵ۣܴκһط
ۣ
ַһ֮ǰЩ֣׾Ȼܹգֲʱ֮ô£
ڿӦþ۵ĹŹ֡
ҲʶȤ̽۽ַ塣ҲַѹǾַϣ۽ʵûκ塣
ַõۣЩ֡ΪһνӴۣ;һ
ⲻеʦܹƳġ
ַۣһ˿ϤС
Դ
ַƺȻ뵽ʲô
ԴܣûκԴϢ
ַ̾ͼˡõôʱ䣬᲻֪ǲԴ
۵ϣûԴϢ
ÿһԴԴϢַʱʵҲԴϢĻҲһ۾ϳʱԴ
ַüͷҲȷûиܵԴϢյʦƳۣͲܣ
ʱַ֮廹û˵˭ܹյд
ʹã
ַҲǲԴˣҷܹգȷкܴļֵĳϣҷҲһԴ
׾ǿۣŻôС
ܼ򵥣ֻҪʩչߵС
ʹߵô򵥣
ַЩɡ
ַɴ뿪ʱ˷۵УӰһֱ뿪˷ۣ˿տա
ˣ
ַעǧ֮Ȼܹռ䣬ƿգһֹķʽƺڽ֮С
ַоƺЩϵ
ţַֽ׺ݺݡѹեһõ˺ĲƸֲƸʮļֵ
⻹ǳ۵ļֵ׶ôĸԣ༫߶Ҫԣ
˸ԣף񶼱ַ塣
ףַջûɱʵɱɱףѾûκ壬ѹʱ֮Уãгһջַ廹
ĻǾԶѹʱ֮С
գҲõ
ַ忴۵ַʶʵأ֪ģΪ˼ߣܶϤһˡ
աԴ֮ȵȣַ޷˽ġ
ţ
ȻַĴѶʯյ˴Ѷ
ַףΣգԮ
Ѷַɫ͵һ䡣
ǹ׵ĴѶΣˣ˭
ַһ
֪Ƶôˣ׼ȻѶǾζţԷһǼߣĻΣ
ңԲһļߣƲǵķ
Ǳ̸ǡϽҷۣҴǴգֱӷشǡ
ַ鼱Уټλǧ
ҲûѯʣҪľǸϽصǡ
ȻַֻǴǵڵʹǰһ
ÿɵ棬ôӴ棬ַʹҲ᲻á
ǴǱ٣ַҲʧءˣΣգַȹ׻ҪС
٣û˴ǣ׾ٻö߻öĵرûôˡ
ٵǣ˭ܴݻٴǣ
ַ˸һ˿⡣
ǣֱַӴ߶ۣʱۻΪһ⣬Ѿ뵽յУʧӰ


1855 ʹ
ڹǣ
ѪվյСȻȻаƿ׵ġڹǡĻƲǵķк壿
ŵߣֲûƴǣֻһֱûԸˣҲ֪Ʋ
ڣͿѪܲƿˡ
ƾ㣿
ʵ׻вʱ뾡ȫסǣһֱȵַĵĻһжˡ
ˣ
ѪʩչԴԴһûеĶϵϵɢŷϢ
Ѫ׵õϵ󣬾ͳΪ˼ߣƾϵҲڼߵС
ֻϵǶϵģȻҲ㲻϶ǿ޷ƿǡ
ţԾϵࣿ
׾ЩԾϵǰһˡǰĶϵԶԶûôƣⶼûУԴǳĲơ
أ
ϵȻֻһ㵶ˣಿ֣
ϢҲıǰǿˡ
ҵϵಿˣ
𾪵˵
ף㿪ˡԴϴαشҾʹ˼ʹ֪ʱƾʵ޷ʤ㣬Ψҵϵಿ֣ƶϵܻ㣡
Һķʱ䣬Ѱϵҵ˶ϵһ֡ȻûƶϵƿڹǣӦòˡٺ٣ףͺúõۿĴǣ׻ɣ
ѪĴЦš
ɫ΢΢һ䣬еȷһ˿ţûʧȥǡ
ϵȷ࣬ϢҲǿࡣҲֻȴǿޡѪ׵ĶϵûжϴӦһǿԴ
ֻϧϵء͵£Ѫʵһļߵжƫ״̬
ڣѪײ֪ҵ˶ϵһ֡ʹϵ󲿷ֶ״̬һϵ൱޸˴󲿷֣ѾѪ׵ʵǿһء
ȻɱȲǿߣѾȴҪǿˡ
Ҫǣϵ
̶ȣƿֲʺϹ׵ĴǷֵܲܵסǴҲûеס
ݣ
ڣѪױȫһĶϵƺƵֱն¡
ԴһסǣǴףҲֻϵ¡Ϣ·ҪиһС
ǸŴ󣬴ǵˣ·Ҫ˺һв˿־塣
ʲôÿֲķϢҸоҪиһ
ֲǿֲǴ˵мߵԴɣ
ʲôԴ
˿ֲԴֵܵס𣿡
ʱԭ֮ǰһЩеˣȴһ֧˵ˣоһΣºǰβһˡ
ףпܵס
ǣҲпܵס
УһЩճһ߹ƣһжΪ촷ۡ
һ£˺˴ǵķôǣҲͻϱ٣ܹӳߣָ޼
һʱ䣬ǶΣ
ҵס
һŭЪ˹һ̣ʲôԥͬʩչԴ
һ⣬һʥĹ⣬˲Ϣ˴֮С
׵Դһ⣬ƺûʵʵ塣
ںһԼԼγֲķǴƴˣǶϵ̫ǿи˴˳ǣôԴҲ
ǴΨһİ취
ͣ
һ̣ϵݺݵии˴ǵķ֮ϣи˴׵Ĺâ֮ϡȴûо춯صıըҲû̫𺳵һĻ
ֻǷһ졣
죬׻һϵϢһǧɡ
ݣ
һ⣬ֱ˴׵ڣɫɷס
ꡱ
Źâɢǵķһ˿˿ƣԽԽ࣬飬ͬ֩Ƶģܲڴǵķ֮ϡ
¡
һ̣Ȼ
ǣһնϳأһ֮£ڷ
һĻ䣬૵ˡ
ȷˣ׸ղŵԴȻѪˣܷӳսһ붼ûУεֵסѪף
οǵķƣѾֻѪһˣĴߣ
ʱַҲѾˡ
ףҲнգڣҪۿţĴǣλһɱ
Ѫһ£ߣҲЦţ͵ĳ˴ǣһǽ룬̼ͻữΪһ档
ˣ
ʱһȦȦĿռյУһҷ۴͵ķɳ
ۣһ۷ߣҲҪһţ
ۣѪ׵˶΢΢һ㶡ǶףǱȽ˽ġ
дȴ׵
Ҫ̤ƽǣʹ𣿡
һİ˵ĶС


1856 Դ
ţ
еĴף̧ͷŴзɳǵϤӰ΢΢һϲ漴ֿ˴ǵķ飬ǣҡҡͷˣַף㻹ˡ
ַףߣλߣڴǷƣѵһˣ赲Ĵ߲ɣ
ѪЦһ
ʵϣոҲ΢΢һȻûе鵽ֶһλߡǶԷǡòڣôһΣ˵޹
ȻʵǿһЩصճУַǣƣ޷ƴǵķ
ƣ׾ڲ֮ء
ڴǵķѾˣĲãȫΪСʱ򣬼һλΣ
Ĵߣûκʤ㡣
ַĿѪ׵ĴߵɨȻ֪ⶼλߡ
նɱһЩ۷ߣȴΨûնɱߡԴҺܺ棬Ҿյȫˣ
ַû˿˼
ﻰ⣬ûнĴ߷С
ٺ٣ɱ·
һλЦһ̶ˡ
Ϊߺܶ꣬ûôߡǿļߣҲô
ϾҪܼߣֻҪǿԴˣնɱǿļ߶
̣飡
ַĶ棬һλߣֱʩչԴһ޴̣ب֮УƺƵַѹ
̣ʵֲ̫·̺źڰַ·֮һȻ
ǰƺûκܹ赲
Դ
ַ۾Ķ޴̣ǾԴԴϢޱȵŨԴϢַҲ֪ԴϢƺһޱϢ
ӵԴߣܸӦ
ÿһԴ
ǰԴҲǳֲٶ۷ߣֻͲˣֵܵסôֲ
ַ˿бһ˿â
ҪоһԴֻϧΪַֹҲֻһʱԴˡ
УûʲôԴĵҪһԴֻдߵϻá
ڣˣ
ַרȥڶҡ
ߣַУǾļԴ
Ȼǰַܻܣնɱ֣
һԣ
ַޱȼᶨ漴ʱ֮һ
ৣ
ַʧˣ˵ǰʧӰ٣λ߶ûиӦκβ
ô£
ʧˣûκϢûκ
ôϢʧһĿ֮¡
Сġ
Ȼֳַˡ
ѪƺʲôֻϧѾˡַѾϢĳߵ
ڶԷļ̣û˵ַַֺ嵽˶Էһȣ֡
ʱѹ
¡
һ޴ʱճӸ֮Уͬʱʱճ͵Ľһ޴ʱʱս֮˲ߵϡ
ʱ߶סˣȫʧȥԴ֮£ߣʵϺ͸ߵûʲôֳֶ۷߶Ȳϡ
ߣԴ

߾ܲܶԴϵˣһ֮£ֺХתַѹ
ƺƵƣֲ̫ƺҪַѹ÷飬һַ̣Ѿʱ֮߾뵽ʱ֮ڡ
¡
ڣ̺ݺݵײʱ֮ϡ
ֻǣʱȴûжһ¡
һ̣Ϲâϵ漴ͽĳûκεĶһַʱ˽ȥǾʧȥκθӦ
ˣԴ޷뼫ϵǾͳ֮
գ
ַʱݺһȻӲҪ̶뵽ʱ֮СҪ֪ͬԴһѳѹһ
ǣ˫ܴܴ󣬱磬ԴͨԴ֮䣬׵ѹơ
ڣϹâʢƺڵֵʱ
ֻǣĵֵһСʱ䣬ܿ죬̾ͻΪһâʱ˽ȥ


1857 һ֮ɨĴף
ʲôȻˣˣԴѹˡ
ܣôҲǼߣôܵô죿
м̣ǿԴᱻѹ
ȻͨԴѹҲǿԴѵ˵˵ԴһǿԴԷǿߣ
ַ弸ǿвƵģ׾پʰһλߣ˶סˡ
֮ǰһнݵĹף˿Ҳסˡַǿߣôܣ
ףһֱֻǾãַͨߣǱͨļǿôһ㡣
ô£
ַԷߴսֻһʱ䡣
һʱ䣬նɱһߣǶļ߶첻¡
йŹ֣ϵʱ֮
Ѫһ
ϸַղʩչֶΣУյֶΣԼʱֻ֮ǣʱ֮ǿΪص
Ҳû˵˭ʱ֮ѵǰλİļߣʱ֮
ʱ֮ټѹͨԴǿԴַʵǿϢ
ʲôʱ򣬹׾Ȼ£ôһǿߣ
ôǿ򣬴֮ǰΪλйŹ֣֣նɱ
ʱѪҲҵģķַϡ
֣
Ѫ׵һ£ʱ߶ˡһ־ȫԸǿɲսһһĵԸַ塣
Ҫ֣Ҳһ֣һ
¡
߶ˣһ־ȫԸ
ôľ룬ַ壬Ʊַ޷ܡ
ʵϣӵʱַ֮˵ûʲôáߣ˵ˣԴѹΣ
ַܹߣ
ַֻȴʱ֮ܿôһǧѷĻᣬܹļԴַɲ׵ķŹ
ʱ֮ЩǸܲκϣһҪˣַΣ
Ͼͷۣ޷׷ļԴ֮󼪣ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ˣַûбõĴ㣬Ҳһսɣ
ȻˣַҲûʲôԥ
һΣǾӲӲ
ʱѹ
һַ̣ʩչʱ
ʱһ޴ʱճӺب֮У䳲εʱƺƵȻֱӴӭλߵһײȥ
Դ֮ײ޻ڣֻǿߺǿ
䣡
Դݺݵײһ
ֲನǳ˷ƺƵϯȥһȦȦǽλ߶𿪣ǵʵȻನܲסֻʱÿ
ȻһɫâǴıը˶޷
ôˣ
ĴߣˮһսļԴײǿԴҲֵסɣ
ǿԴݺӡַ׵Դ̫ˣƺ滹ʱ֮ôÿ
ʱַıҲء
Ȼʵǿ󣬵ҲӶԷǱϾߣΣַҲСǡ
ǣһԴܣַ嶼ܵвҲֻһвˡ
ַʱһԴ
οʱ֮
ʱճ֮Уʱᷢӵ¡
ʱճӣ
㵽ڣַҲһӣʩչʱճӣ͵Ľȥ
ˣ
һ̣ʱ̾˻ӦһɹɺƺƵʱ֮͵ı˳ͬʱѪ׵λߣһɫ䡣
ôܣ
ҵԴ
ܡ
߶۾ǲǰһĻ
Ȼ޷ļԴ֮ľǻ͸ԼԴ΢Ӧһ
һʼ˫ȷǽסˡ
߶𾪣ԴһȻַֻʱ֣˵ַһʱԴ
ַʩչʱճ֮ƺʱ̱ǣȻ˲Ϣ佫Դ˽ȥ
âɢ֮Уֻʣʱب֮Уƺɢһ˿˿Ϣ
ˣѪװˣ
ַһ֮ߡ
ӦǻĴߣ
˼飬ַһǿߣ
һĻЩʶ㣬Լһ˽ȵߣʱҲɵһɡ
ڻʣѪ׵ˣͨ߶⡣
ǺһʧȥԴߣҲظߵǽ϶٣Ѫ׵ˣѾˣ


1858 ļԴ
ߣ
Ѫ׵ϣҲ֪ʩչʲô˻ΪһѪ⣬Ҫߡ
ѪףҲһʩչǺԥ̾ߡ
ǺʧȥԴǾʲôҲˡ
ȻַʱлҪ£ܹѹǵԴʧȥԴ֮ϵ⻹ô
ȻʧȥԴǵʵɸߵߡ߻жܹΪ۷ߡ
Σ
ַǰһ
ôһҲжɽĻᣬֻҪţ
Ѫ׾ǿ̣˽ʱնɽ𣬲˻ᱨֻϧַ塣
Ѿȷַһһλǿߡ
ǿߣôᱻ£
Ǵ׽͸ַ壬ǿʵ̫⣬ƫƫȴǸˣһλʮþȵļƻ񶼸
Ƕѱ
ӣˣʱճӣҾֹ
ַһûжʱʩչʱճӵڵʱճﷶΧ֮ⶼ׾١
Ը⣬ַһɱһճУѡȻǰûмߡ
мߵĻַʱճӲֹܾס߶ԴַĸɽصǧҲ޷е
ʧȥԴļ߲ڴ࣬ʧȥԴļߣǾѾǼˡ
ֻǸߵߣ۷ߡ
ˣ
ʱճ֮£Ѫ׵ף˿̻΢΢һͳ׾ֹסˡǳԴ⣬ԶԶȲַ塣
Ҫַ֪ƾűýκ޵Ľӽ۷ߡڱʵϣַͱҪǿ
ˣʱճӣסף׾ٵ¡
𣡡
ַһӣֲǧ֮ݺݵİסף漴ݺһ
أ
ʱ׾ͬһȻըΪ촷ۣһ˿ۼû¡
ף䣡
һĻǹףŴ죬¶һ˿֮ɫĿл΢΢Щӡ
Ѫףĵˡ
Ӻܾǰһֱһ
һΣ׾ͲɱѪףվǲһ㡣ҲһֱڷѪףû뵽һѪ׶ɽ׼֣Ҫһٻǡ
Ѿɹˣȴַ壬̶䡣
ʱҲҲ
ã˵۹ⲻ
˴ۣ£ַ塣
ûַ壬һδֻ±סԼҲΣա
ڣһжˡ
ַһ֮նɱĴߡ
һսַ֮֮Ʊشաʱ򣬾û˸ˡ
ಣ
׷գַǰ
ַף㣬û㣬ǾΣˡ
ϵַһ
ײÿˣĳǴǵҪǣǶĳĲ·ַֽĴףҲְڡ
ȷַ廹ǺӴǵġ
ˣҪ̾ޣʣµһЩ£ͽˡ
˵ֱַ꣬һ˴ǡ
ַ弱ٵӰüͷ壬ƺ˼ʲôþû¶ġ
ãײһҧţеãַǿߣȻԸڴǣǾǶԴĺôţ֮ǰɱˣøַɣ
һ׻ʧɵ棬ʵԵĻ׸Ըַɡ߳ɡ
վǴ׵Ѫ
ַõ̫棬ԺǾͻ᲻֪ûдʲôˡˣɾǼޡ
ˣԺٸַһЩ
ƺ󣬴̰ƺַԺַôһλһ֮նɱĴߵǿڣԴ˵ޱȵİȫ
ȫճĲƸ

ʱЩȡ
ַܿҵУüͷ΢΢һ壬⻹ǵһΣоʱȣѳƿˡ
ַԴʱ󣬻ǵһηǱѰˣַżҴҵĸϻص˴ǣϸо
ţʱڲһЩ仯
ַʶ̾ͳʱ֮С
䣡
ͻȻַʶոսʱڲ͸о췭ظһɹɿµʱڲŰ
ļԴ
ַһҵԭ


1859 ʴԴ
Դ
ַǰļԴǱϵޱȵǿңʱеĿռ䶼סļԴʱ֮У캧ˡ
ȻҪѹԴǳѣʱƺһ㡣
ַЩңûнļԴսǧ֮ڣһļԴ֪ôˡ
ںôʱ֮УȻʱһ㣬ǿѹס㹻ˡ
ʱճӣ
ַ忴Щȵʱ̽ʱӽʱճ֮С
ʱճӵʱ൱ԴԴϵĵõʱ֧֮ţˣĿʼƽļԴӰ졣
ʵʱѾﵽһƿַѾʱɱһЩߡ
ʵϣǼ߻۷ߣǱǿϣҲڸߵߡ
ʵɱٶ࣬ʱҲû˶á
ַףʱ൱ǿԴ붥Դһξ룬ַҪʵﵽհĳ̶ȣǾͱʱٶɱ䡣
ֻǣַҲʱҪٴɱ䣬Ѻѡ
һߣѾʱû̫ãչǿչж٣
ˣַ彫Ŀ꼯Դϡ
ַãʱԼԴȻͬԴ֮磬ǿ϶һЩڵϵ
ʱ֮ڣʱϵѹļԴ𶯲ݣԴԴϵʱַ֧֣֮ʱҲܽİѿסơ
٣ļԴʧء
ļԴУǿľǱϵ
ϵӦǿԴֻϧǲƵģѪ޲˴󲿷֣ɲһС֣˶ϵ
Ļȫʢ״̬µĶϵʱҲѹ
ļԴַȴ뵽˳˼С
ļԴԶڷʱʱճӵ֧֣ʱҪȫѹҲһ׵¡
ң鷳ĵطǣһַҪʱôļԴʱڵңַͲܶʱܡ
ˣ±Ļͻǳ鷳
ְַ취һ֣ǾļԴ
ʵҲǴ󲿷ߵѡһЩǿߣԴԴ⡣
ÿһᱻɺܴĸɡ༫߶
ʱԽȴԽĸԶԶûֻһԴôǿ
ַſԴЧΣַҲ
еڶ취ǾǼЩԴ֮ʱɱ䣡
ûɱ䣬ҲǿʱĻۣӶгһɱ䡣ֻǣʱɱɱߣӶʱĻۡ
ЩԴ
ַԼҲ
ֻǣ⿿ʱ޷ЩԴġ
Կܷ񳹵ƻЩԴ
ַ峢ǧ֮ݺݵĺԴ֮ϡֻϧƾַ˶ǧ֮ûκá
ȻϵܹƻǾ֤Դܹƻģֶַֻβ޷ƻˡ
ԣʱֽܹ֮ЩԴ
ַ뵽һֿܡ
ʱ֮桢ΰһնѲʱ֮ǧ绹գվʱɡ
뵽ַ׼һԡ
˼̣һͨԴƺǿַûУʱԶˡ
ܹ뵽ʱ֮УǲõĽ
ʱ֮
ַ彫̶ʱճ֮Уʼʱ֮ϮĶַţκζ޷ֵסʱյϮ
ֻǣʱ任ʣƺûκεı仯
ʱռ٣
ַ岻ţʲôģԴҲ㡣ǣһַ̣忪ʼʱռ١
ÿһεʱռ٣ַ˵Ǿ޴ĸɡ
ȻҪʱյ˺ַ࣬޷ʱյˡԴǣ浽Դ֮أַҪʱյˣѰԴ֮磬Ǹǳ˵Ρ
ܸոյˣͻǧǧͳܲľ޴󸺺ɡ
ʱռһʱճ֮УʱռϡƽҲԶԶʱյˡҪܳʱ䣬Ϯ
ַֻǵʱռټ̣Ҳûżģĵȴš
һԪԪԪĸԪ
ַ嶯ʱռ٣üʵʱ䣬ԼԪ㣬ʱ䣬Ǽ̣Ҳڿʼһ˿仯


1860 ֽ⣡
ţ
ַʩչʱռ٣ϵʴʱڷһ˿ͬ
ʮԪʱ䣬ڵֵסʱϮԴվ޷㡭
ַš
ǰļ̣ʼһ˿ɶţƺڲһЩ쿪ʼ˱仯̿ʼһһķֽ⡣
ֽܷٶȺҷֽһ㣬ʵ϶ԼûκεӰ죬˵Ӱ΢΢
Ⲣܸı䣬̿ʼֽʵ
Ҳ֤ˣ̲㣬ַ˵ҪġϾʱʴӰΣȴ޷ֵ
ʮԪʱ䲻Ǿͼʱռ١
ʮĸԪʮԪʮԪʮ߸Ԫ
ַһֱʹʱռ٣ʵʱռټַ̣ǧҲһĸɣһַνǲϧһдۡղصָֻǧĵرһȫˡ
˵ʮԪ㼸ʮϰٸԪַ嶼׵֧ס
ڣڵڶʮԪ󣬼֧Ųסˣֽٶȼӿ죬Ҽۿɼٶȣһķֽš
ȻȻķֽ⣬ʱһͻֽ⡣
ʱ֮ʴֱµ㡣
ֵܹסʱʴʣпܲʴĻܵʴ
ʣĴ
ַ嶼ڻɡ
㣬ǳѳʱգǺεΰĴڣ٣ַ嵽ڶ޷ǵȴڡ
Ȼ̲ʣˣʱ֮ʴճ׷ֽ⡣
ֻֽǿʼ
ַ廨˴ۣʴһԴԴ൱ڱٵˣ׷ֽΪ촷ۣʧʱ֮С
ַϸĹ۲ţʱûб仯ϾǿһԴǷֽҲʱ֮ڣͿʱܲˡ
ˣ
ʱ΢΢һƺʲôҵı仯
ʱĿռ䣬Ȼٵɱţƺռƺռӵȹ̣һڼٵš
ǵַɱǿ߻ʱʱŻеı仯ң仯ӵľҡ
Чʱǿˣ
ַϲ⣬ϵı鶼һ˿ϲ
֪ʱ⣬Դ֮Ҳͬһ㣬ԲһԴ٣ԳɳԴַҲǵһ˵
ǰֻɱߣܹʱڣܹɡԴǿ
ȻҪԴֽʱɡĻʱԡɡЩԴ
һԴʱοַ廹Դ
֪Դܲʱɱ䣿
ַʵҲ֪ɱʵʱ׼˵֪ʲôʱʲôزɱ䣬ϾַûмԴ
ַģǾǼֽԴ
ǣַʱռ١
ڶļ
ַʱռ٣ֽԴУֽϵķʱ䣬ʱռʮԪ
ʱ䣬ʴһԴϵǱѰĶϵ»֪Ҫ೤ʱʴ
ļԴʱȻȵַܸоƺɱ䣬кܳһξ롣
Դжǿ
ַšûмԴҲ֪Դжǿ֪ڵʱܲԴ
֪ʱûɱ䡣
Ҫʱٴɱ䣬·ǳףһԴܹ㶨ġ
ѵԴƷ̫͵Եʣ
ַ뵽˶ϵ
ʵֽϵʱһ˺ܶ࣬ķȺܴ󣬼൱ԴһЧ
Ҫ֪ǲŽֻһϵˣǿԴ
ͨԴǿԴ߼Ĳ࣬Ҳ
ֻǣҪٵõһǿԴѣϾһӵǿԴǿɾǿˡ
ַڵʵѹͨߣûκ⡣ǿߣǾͲһˡ
ַ岻£ʱ֮հɱҪѹǿߣǿɾͲˡ
ʱǿַԼʱƺҲһЩʱ֮ңеʱ֮ƺַʱ֮Щһ
ڲһַҲ
ֻһֱֱַ
ʱ̫֮ˣܹ˵еԴ֮ţԴ֮磬ܼǿʱ֮
ַҲʼѰԴ֮ˣҲԽԽԴ֮ŵĴڡ
˵Դ֮ȷڣ


1861 ף
ַ徲ھ֮Ǳޣȴƽ
ַ嶼û뵽ϵôʹ
ʵҲַкܴϵ
յУһ֮ɱĴߣǺεȵǿ
ĵһĻǵ˼ˣˣַҲʼټִַλǧȥ
Ȼַķ˴ʯλʦȴҾܾ˵ǳĸˣַϹϵһ㽻飬Ǿֵ԰ġ
ԽԽĽ֣ͳͳߣʮ
һЩдҲĴһЩ
ǶһͬϵǾǽ
ǶԳƽ
ǣ˾ͽַЩϵһ
һλǿߣ󶥼ߣԼʮϰߣǺεȿֲһ
ȹ嶼Ҫǿ
Ҫ֪ŴףŴǵԴǿǵûд׿չˣʵҲĺôȻЩռһǧܱġ
ռݼռʮǧ磬ҲԶԶȲһǡ
ˣĿǰҲһλǼߣ۷ߵͦ࣬ʮ
⻹Ϊ㹻ʯƸˣǼ֮£ֻҪײԸ⻨ʯ˵ʮ𣬾Ƕʮ۷Ҳʲô
ƣֻҪʯˡ
ʵؼߵһĸ
׿԰Ϊ۷ߣΪһѹأȴﲻˣֻܿ˵ĻԵ컯
ĿǰҲֻʮ߰ˡ
ˣѾ۰һˣƾްƵ塣
أ
ǧҲߣѾ˰ǺεȿֲһټַλǿߵĴڣ˵Ʊػյ𣬲һʰƲɵ
Žн߶ַ塰סҲĴ￪ټϹףǣ׹δǣǽַһ¡
֮쳹գ
һУַȴô⡣
Ȼ׹δǣһЩܡɡҲóɵ棬ַ֣ǳʮˡ
ַ׺ڼ䣬졣
ߣַҲӪճ鷳ˣҲûжԼһճеͷ
ַԴССҪ
һעܹǧĶĵرζ£ò£ҲһҪõϢ
עԴϢǿԴ
ʵⲻ˵׶ע
ԴһλײעǼߣҲҪõһǿԴ٣ھõһǿԴһʵҲʮٱһٵճУûκǡ

ʱƣתۼѾһԪʱȥˡ
ַ廹δйôʱ䣬һԪʱ䣬˴ǣ˾ޣõõĶĵرǧ硣
ŴǵַõĶĵرѾ֮ˡʵҲǧţš
˶ַʵѾǿһʲô̶ȡ㲻κƾԼǧ֮趯ʱ֮۷ߣ
ϢУַͼһ漣
Ȼգ˵һû۷ߵģһУֻǷǳĺʮԪϰٸԪҲһܹһ
ַ壬ȴϢﵽһɾ͡
ֻǣʵʵʲôڼߵУһǧ֮Ӱʲô
ַ循ϲǣǧ粻ϵţǧڵĺʱճӣҲš
ңƺѾŵһ¡
ȻûдﵽޣַѾܸоˣǧҲм޵ģ޵šڼ޾ַҲ֪ȴܸܵ
ʱճӣҲﵽһޡ
ҲζţַԺ޷ǧţʱ֮ˣַУһʱƿ
ʵУ
ַһֱĸʵʱ֮
ҪҵԴ֮ˣֻԴ֮հ׷ѰóȻҵհ¡Σգ
ַڵơ
ҪΪհ͵жԴʱɱˡ֪ǱߴԴϢôˣ
̶ַѯʡ


1862 Դ
ڵյУ׳ŷۣǰųս֮һĹ˽ء
غ˼ʵһλհĵطλհȥ׷ѰԴ֮ţҲûټ
˵ѾˣյУ˭հ䣿
ˣ˶ãλհ϶ҵԴ֮ţӶͨԴ֮Ž뵽Դ֮統С
λհµĹ˽أȴԸĵطȻųǽأʵϣ̫ԶҲ֪ǼʮԪˣĹ˽ͱ̽һգҲûʲôΣգûʲôˡ
ˣĹ˽أ
СĽĿ˿ܣֵȷû˺󣬱˷ۣĹ˽طȥӣƺֱĳطĿĵġ
׽Ĺ˽أóһŲƵĵͼĹ˽Ѱʲô
ܿ죬ҵ˵ͼбעλá
ˣϣҪʧ
˿Ŀгڴֻһյеͨߣʱܾãȴʼ޷Ϊߵߡ
һûУͨûУںͨߡ
׺ôҲߡһʱõһŲƵĵͼνĲƲرͼײмһˡ
ȻֻԵɺϣõһŵͼ
ŵͼһ𣬾ȻֱָĹ˽أ
һ£÷׶ˣһЩΣյĵطҲᶯģʲô뷨
ȴƫƫĹ˽ء
⴦أûΣգһϲȥˡ뷨žĹ˽̽һ
Ҳ̰ģֻţǵλհһͨҲˡ

װյͼϵķʽ漴ݺݳĹ˽صĵһġ
¡
Ĺ˽ضţĶһλãȻǴȻ뿪ˣԼһǿϢ洫

Ļŭţޱȵ˷ܡ
ӣƺһǿһõʵҲʵ
һǿҵʱˣ
̲סЦǷĹǴ棬ʹĹ˽ض𶯡
¡¡
ͻȻĹ˽бһǿҵ𶯡
ͬʱ׿Ǵ޴ѷ쵱У͵ķɳһɫâ
ɫâٶȼ죬׼ķһץס
ţǡ
ץסɫâһɲǣһ
Ȼͨߣʵ΢ֵһᣬôҲΪô꣬ҲǿǼʶ㡣
һЩߵߣһз׵ļʶ
ץסɫâ󣬵һʱ;ЩŹ֡
ΪһͨҲһȽǿǶ
仰˵ⲻ
⡭ѵǴ˵еԴ
׿ŵɫâĿһɢŷϢǽһϢ÷ļµĸо
ûмԴǲԴҲ޷϶ֻĲ²⡣ȴʶû˿µϢ
ֻǣĹ˽أôԴ
ѵλհԴ
Ժתͷ
հпֹܲһԴ
һԴôףпǡ׬ˡ
ȻҲп鷳ˣ
УǲԴҵñܡ
Ժһ˲ͷʵϣŸոץס
ˣ
ҵȷȷѡһ󣬾ײ˵ߣҲԶ۷ߡ
ʱٻһЩʱԼߵߵĵزôܳΪһļˣ
õԴķף˵Ѿǡ׼ߡˡ
ȻǰǷܹ
ֻǣôҪʱ䣬Ҳһ죬Ҫ£ʱ䡣
ޣƽʱʲô
ڣȻҵһһĲƺյдšһʱ䣬ľȻ֪صĲô£ȴоһ˿ΣյϢ
УøϽ뿪
һ̣׵ϣ̳뿪
ֻǣײ֪һ̣յд󲿷۷ϵǿߣʵѾӦˡ
ΪԴˣ


1863 𶯣
ַŰݷùףɲټ
׼æӭַ壬ʱգַλڵĵλѽȣǹ׶ضԴ
Ͼַһλǿߣ
пǶ⼫ߡ
ǿ붥⼫֮Ľûôϸ񣬵Σô֪֮
ףһĳʣûԴϢ
Դ
΢΢һ㶣漴ЦԴһƱؾ춯أ۷߾ĸӦô꣬ȷûµԴһЩߣٳգҪôǽճУճ֮С
׵˼ַҲס
Դʵ취ܼ򵥣Ǿնɱߡ
һЩļߣٳգ٣յȴдճСÿһճУǼߡ
ַõԴȥЩճС
ȻճֲãַĿǰʵЩճУͲʲô
ַȴҡҡͷɱˣ伫ĶᱦҲΥԭ
ҪʵҲְ취
Ǿ͵ȰɣһֱȵԴϢ
ַҲΣڿֻܾĵȴ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ԴеԴǶ֣ûй̶ĳʱ䡣
Ҳãֻܵȴˡ
ڴ׻ʱȻԼһϸ΢Ĳ
󲨶˲䱻ַʹץס
⡭ԴĲ
׻Щ˼顣
ԴһԴˣ
ַĿ˲
Ȼúܲ죬ֲȷԴĲˡɲһԴͬ
пǿԴ
ףһԴ»յĶǰᣬõԴǾ͵ץʱˡ
ץʱ䣿
ַҡҡͷԴոճ˭ܹõԴ˭Ҳһεᣬܻһλᣡ
ַһ˿â
ַ˵ڵȷҪԴֻͨԴҪǿԴ
ȻҪʴһǿԴܻķѺܳʱ䣬ֻ߸޷ʴͨԴַѾչɣܹʴˡ
һΣԴȻ󣬵ַ˵ҲĹУĴսϣġ
һЩصļߣһЩ񼫵ļߣͬ֡
ַõԴ͵ϮսַûʲôÿˡˣһԴַ²ֻջһԴ
ַ˵ûʲôĻѵˣ
ףһΣҲȥһԡ
׳˵
ͨԴ׻ᶯģһԴĲԲһԴпǿԴ
βģ
ڴ׵ʵޣϣľܹõһǿԴֻǣ֤ǵİ뷱١
ãȥһһȥѰǼԴ
̫ˣȥš
кܸˡ
ַܹһжǿռ̫̫ˣ٣ܱߣ׽ӽǼԴ
ڵõԴη⣬ûѯʣַҲû˵ʵ˫ղʱ򣬸ƾ°ˡ
浽Ǹʱ򣬿ܾͲʵˣÿԴӮңˣղŻԴ
һΣҲúú׼Σһλѵãץס
ʵǴ׺ַ塣
Դ޴
յе۷ϵǿߣӦԴǿҲɲ֮ǿң˾̾
пǿԴ
һʱ䣬Ǽ߶ˣЩǿļߣҲһǿԴ
˭ҲԴ̫ࡣ
һʱ䣬նӿĲôˡ

ײ֪ԴѾ¶ˡŷۣһǳƫƧĵط
յһǧ硣
֮ǷΪֻһǧһִ½ǧ磬ƺǱǿӲˣյƯţ֣ⷢɴ͵ܵġϳ
ȫˣֻҪܹܹ۸һҲ˳Ϊߣݺ޵У
һΪߣҲޱȵļ
ֻǣײ֪˿̣Ѿһǿ۷ߣϢĸϵǧ硣


1864 ҵˣ
ˣٺ٣û߸ϵҵǼԴӦþ
վյУĿƬǧһɨϻЦݡûþ´ݾߡ
ԴӰεȾ޴
ҲǷǳϵ۷ˣһεԴᡣֻϴηҲûʲôջ
һΣ׵ƺһϵ
ҵ㣬һ·ϵõһЩԴѾȱ˵õˣӦþǷףٺ٣˭뵽Ĺ˽أһԴ
ײ³çˣõԴǷסҲΪˣײŻһ·׷ٵ
ߵߣһõԴǻܿʱ򣬳ΪߣǷףҲð
ΪǼпܻ䣡
ʵϣһԴǻ۷߾Ѿ˳ᣬǼߣҪҲֻˡ
һΣ֪Ƿ׵õԴʱ̣ܶĻᡣʱ̣׻û
ֻͨߣõԴûܷӳҲСҲлԴ
һãôһεԴᣬͽˡ׻Դô˲ܹΪߣܹΧɱһλߣô̰ô죬ûá
ҵˣ
׻ϸѰңΪ˲ݾߣһһѰ
ڣӦ˷׵һ˿ϢԴϢûбԴϢͲ
һôԴͬҹҫ۵һ׵ĸӦ
ԴϢôŨң˵ԾûнԴ
׵Ļˣ
ɱ
׼һʱ䣬ʩչȫĶһͷӡһ־ͽǧס
ƺƵܣ·ǧ硣
ţǡ۷ߣ
ԴĽҪͷȴͻȻɿֲϢ̼ˡѹһӦɫʱ䡣
۷ߣһʩչ˶ƺƵڵķѹǷײˣҲѾˣ޷ܡ
ʱֻӲ
ƣ
Ѿ㹻СĽˣû뵽ȴɱˡ
ʵϣ֪ԴעһᣬֻǣСĽӦòᱻô췢֡
û뵽ھѾˡ
ԷѾŲҺֻһ۷ߣǼߣһˣ
ŷһȣ˲ǰɳһâ
ݣ
âոյõԴ
ʵϣײƿ󣬱ϾûͨʱҲǿ߶ˡ
ֻǣʮ֮һܶ޷ͷų
ˣҲһԴܷͬСɡ
¡
׵ĶݺһײȻ׵ĶֱײɡȻԼҲܣǱض۷ߵȫһ޷ȫƿס
ˣǷ֮÷׺ܲܡ
ߣ
󻯽˶ԷĹ̾ߡ
״̬һ۷ӲӲʵڲʲô֮٣Ǿ룬ԴҪ¡
һԴʱǼߵĶ֣ȴûκ⡣οѵ󣬾ĲǼߵĶ֣
׶ãԴͬһ㡣
һԴûʮ֮һܶ޷ӳȻƵȫһԴαҪõ
ڷŹ⡣
ʵ̫ˣһԴ񣬻ǰܲĻŭţ
ȻղŷƾԴ󣬻˷׵һιҲûܵʲôˡ
ⲻ÷׸ţֻҪ๥һʱ䣬ױضסʱܹõԴˡ
һ
״һͬʱзɳһЩ졣
Щ죬ѸٽԲնסˡȻ޷סԴǣһ·׻ܹġ
һǣƣ׻Ӧ׵Ĺߣ
¡
׵Ĺֵˣֻһҧݺݵײȥһҵ𶯣׻һ
֮ܵĳֻͨߣһλԳܣΡʮΣεֵ
ҵõԴҪһɳ죬ô
״һ̣׼ˡ


1865 
ƣ
׳׼ˣĴ߶һһεӲӲÿһΣ׶ᱻˣ׵ȴԽԽ
ѾܵˣԽԽصơ
ʮغϣʤ֣
ޱȵļѾڳŵõԴĳˡԴһһλõԴģܹõԴ
ȻûУٺ١
һΣ׿Ҳجˡ
ˣ
ŵõԴĳʱȻӦ˲ԶȻϤϢ
۷ߣ۷ߣ
ôҵ
ɫһӱɷףһ۷ߵ롰̡Դ¾ͺˡ
Σա
һ𣬷֪ԴҪȻˣ

ˣ
һҷۣȻд
ţǿľεסۡ
ۣѵף
ߣΣǿһ㣬ʲôڿ߶𡣡
ǵϢ̫ˣѾΪ˹ȥʽɱˣˣû´۵ǻףӦǻ׵ˣ
ʲôǻף˵ѾһǿԴҲҪ᣿
ϻ˭ԴࣿοԴһǿԴհκμ߶ᶯġ
ٺ٣׿ȵƴʢŻҲǿԴͲ±ȺΧ
߶ɨôߣҶ۷߾ۼһҲǷǳټ
ৣ
ӷзɳӰȻַס
׿ֻܵܿЦˡ
Ҳ٣Դû䵽λߵС
ַҲڹ۲죬˷ۣĿһɨ֮ǰЩ۷ߣڵַۣ徫һɨЩ۷ߣһĶ첻ԡ
Զǵģ
ѾȲҪˡ˵Ҳɣм߳ˣԴ
ƫƫԴȴڼߵУһ۷ߵС
ʵҲ൱Σա
һ۷ԴǾ̳ΪߣҲЩļˡ
ֻǣ֮£ҪԴѣ¸ոշģͱնɱˡ
Ƿף
ҲϳõԴ۷ߣǷסյУҲĴϴԴʹйһЩ
ֻǣױЩĽףһĻһĽϾһõԴһһǿԴǿһɳ죬˲ǿߡ
ֻϧȴʱ򣬴ȻĽףЩҡʲôЦ۷ߣҲֻΧڡ͡Ľɫˡ
棬ȫǼߣ
ױΧм䣬޷ԴʱΣգ£˴ˣ򣬷׸ͲյõԴ
ȴԴ
ռȻһҵ˷ףջնɱ˷ףõԴҽļλ۷߶ܡ
ֻϧ׻ûѣǱ߸ϵ
Դ֮УΪǻǣƣĻκһλߵõԴסԴ
ʱԴսˡ
ΪͶǣ֮£Դ˷׵СҲ˶ѣһֳʤĳλѹߣĳЩֶΣô׻ǱסԴ
ֻǣڼߣѾʮλ
ǿ߶
ڴսģǿߣ߶ڿһ㣬ɻ˭Ҳ׷
ǿߺǿȴ޷ɱߣЩߣʸǼԴ
˭ǿԴǧѷĻᡣ
ֻǣһսʱѾܳˡ
ټȥ»иǿǰʱ򣬾鷳ˡ
ףۣǷԡ
׹۲һ¶һ˿â


1866 
ôףǲᣬǺΣգ
ַЦЦĿƽŴס
΢΢һ㶣漴ƺҲʵ
ַģǴ׵ġ
һǿԴɲһͨıַʲôϵھкϵᱦǸƾ£ַûһȥᡣ
ο˶ʹۣǸַ˾֣
Щ£㵽ֹһ߶ȱԼա
ЩȻʱ䣬ЩΣ˵ЩˡַĹϵûеֵزǿԴԷĵزǸͲܡ
ǣ׵˵ͷ˵Ķԣֻܹ۲죬ȴᡣǲᣬкܴϣõԴ
Ѿˣʵϣַĵ
ʲô
ַӵʱ֮ʵϱۻҪ㡣
֮£ǿԵ˶Ŀ
ǿߣʮλͨߣΣ
ַɢһ˿˿ս⡣
ҪĲֽ
ҪڶֵģҲοԴַҲ־ڱصã
ৣ
һַ̣Ѿٳۣ漴΢΢һ˲û뵽յС
ţСĻ׵ۣ
ַ岻֮һ֮նɱѪ׵Ĵߵǿڣкܶ߶ΪѾǿˡ
ʵϣַһѾ˵صעǽַ塣
ЩļߣҲӴĻס
ˣַʧһ̣̾ͽڻǣƵǿߣĿĶס˷ס
ǶܹգȻܹĴߵķʱǱַ壿
ˣ
Ȼһ
һ˲֣ͬʱֱַӴ۵һֻ֣Լʱ֮İ档
ãҪغôף
ףס֣
Դֱûнҵȷ
˭õԴ˭ͳܱŭ𣡡
ĴǿߣһĶŭޱȡȻռȻǣ֮£Ȼ˭ҲûܵõǼԴ
͸ַᣡ
ֱַӳᣬҶۣһ˲ͳ˷׵ǰ÷ӦûС
ĴףַԸ
ǣַ嶯֣Ĵǿһ̣ȻԼֹͬͣһ΢ƽ⡣
Ĵףһ֣ҸȫһǿԴַ塢׶С
ַòõԴƺᱻ촷ۡ
ƽ⣬ѾַƣԴ˲ҵ֮С
ڷףѾûںˡʱ򣬷ܹ۰һᱻκ˺ӡ
ԴʱĴβ۷ߣ
ʱ߶䣬Ȼûס
ײԴС
ͺһĴ߶еԴ
׻ԶԶûдﵽĵزȴܹ߶ܱʮ֮һϵܡ
Ѿ൱ˣһļߣûѹʱķס
ڣײҪַ壬ǿߡ
ãúã
ַҲ˿˾ΥΣС
Դʱɱַ֮˼ߣûٸоΣˡ֮ǰǿߣʵԵַҲΣոС
Ĵһַ֣廹ȶԸס
ɣַʱҲѵʱ
ַҲȷףһǿߵĹ£ױɡԴ䵽˭Уַ嶼֪
ַ廹ûԴ󵽣һλǿߣҲһֱ׷ɱ
һַ̣ȫעȫʱճӶޱ
ʱѹ
ַʩչʱʱƺƵʱһȦȦʱ֮˲ͽ׽ס
·״߶ԴҲ޼¡
أ
һ̣û˿Ľңͱַʱ֮ʴʱѹ£ֱӽѹ촷ۡ
ַûнսʱ֮С
ǿԴһսʱ֮Уڵʱ治һס
סҲܵӰ죬ǿߣַɻʱ
ˣַһץͽץС
¡
ͬʱǿߵĹҲ䵽ʱ֮ϣʱݺݵײһ


1867 һģ
ǿߣһҲҪشȻһ֮ӲĴߣ
ǿԴǵԴǿߣԴԴûԴ㻹ʲô
ףոճΪ߲ãͲ֪ǿߣҲԶԶ޵еġ
ǿߣ˿϶¶һ˿Цݡ
ǶǷǳϵˣȻǿ֮Ĳ࣬ٴһ֮ĴǿߣͲܡ
οַ廹õ󣬱ǣסһ־
̰ǵĻ
̰ĴҪַ壬ҲôףնɱǾ͸Ӳˡ۵ַ壬ôᱻնɱ
ʵϣĴǿߵһʱ֮ʱַѾܵ˿ֲ
סʱпܵס
̫߹ʱˣʱǳǿ󣬷ǳֲȴڡ
Ҳ̫͹ǿԴˣûмǿԴȴͨԴȥƲ⡣ӽǿԴľѪ׵Ǳϵ
ҲֻǶϵǿԴ
ڣַڼǿԴˣֻ飬򲻵ѣַ岢顣
꣡
ʱ棬һ˿ơ
Ȼֻһ˿̺ζȴַľζַʱѾŲסˡ
ʱҪˣ
ַ嶼ЩȻ
ԣʱǱԶֹˣοҵʱʱ֮ʱճӰ
һַ̣Ȼ֣̫ʱˣƺļûʲô̫Դˡ
ʱԴ
ַ岻̫϶ӦǣԴűʵǾҪַʱܴ֮߶
ʱ֮Ǹ
ַ·𡰻Ȼһһʱ䣬͵ĸֳһ޴ġɢҫ۵Ĺԡ
ʱճӣ
䣡
ʱճӵĳ֣һ̣ԭѾٱʱȻ͵һһ˿˿ƣѸٵʧ
ͬʱʱճ޾ʱ֮Ҳ·ʱʱܱǡ
ʱһʲôı
ǷǽܹѹһУһеıʱ֪ѹΰΰĴڣǿı
ʱ۷İٷ֮һûСıʣɷǳǿѹһУһУ
ǿԴ
ѹ
һַ̣ʱ·һӱһšɢʱս֮˲䡰סļǿԴ
Ĵ߶Ŵ죬¶֮ɫ
Ǽֱţ֣ȴɱֵַסˣֻһ˲䷢£ʵʱ䶼ûС
¡¡
ʱҵţͬʱļԴҲھҵţʱһţļԴֱӡ̡˽ȥ
ַʱճӣʱ΢һ
ţַǧ磬·ž޴ѹһʱ֮ڷţ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
һѡ
ʱȷǿַ岻ϧһдۣ߶ʱճӣȷʱǰδеܡ
۾ǣַʱճеʱ֮ţóе
ɲסôļԴ˲ͻʱѹ
ַΨһĻᣡ
ɱ
ַɱȻ֪ڱ벻ϧһдۣնɱߡնɱһҲá
ĻٱĴߺΧַҲΣˡ
ʱʵҲĴʱҲնɱǵʱ
ֻϧûдŴǰĻ׾նɱʱĴߡ
󣡡
ַ彫Ŀеϡ
ҲһԴ
ȻַûнһûУûʱ󡣵۷Ѿˣڵ󣬾֮ԵĴ߶
ܣַʽ߶󣬿ʮ֮һܶ޷ӳ
ʱȴкܴãʤ
һַ̣岻ԥڵǧ΢΢һ𣬽ţǧ֮ӿ֮ڡ
ʱʱҲкܴĲͬһԴԴһҪߵ
ַǧ֮״ٶ
ݣ
һ̣񱩵ǧ֮ӿ֮ڡʱͻΪһâת˲ţٴγʱѾһߵ͵ġ


1868 նɱĴǿߣ
ʲô
󴩹ļߣԺжݵĿհһƬͷԼϵ˿ڣ·𲻸Ƶġ
ʧȥԴҲõĸߵߣһҪݻ̸ף
ڣһѪ⡢·һ̣׻ΪС
Դ
ĶˣȻܴܶôǿܶôʢֻҪϣǾֻ·һ
ֻϧѾЩˣʧȥԴ˵ʱʧȥԴ͵ֵס
ˣһǿߣôˣʱ䶼ûУʧȥеˣ
ܣ
ߣһĻֲ̿ѡ
Ѿˣ
ǿõǿߣȻôˡ
ʵԴһ˵Σգǿ˵ʲôΣգ
ÿһԴǿԴٻǿߡڣһǿˡ
ʱ
ߣһʱ䶼Щ־ˡ
ǿߣǽԴ֮£ûԴҲǸߵ߰ˣʵǺΣյġ
ǿߴսҲаȫ֤ġ
˭סǿԴ
ڣַȻһ֮סļǿԴͼն˼̡
⻹ô
ӣϽӣ
ͬ³ǿߣһĶʧ롣һǿԴҲҪˣֻߡ
ֻǣʱǻӾ
ݣ
󲻶ϵţַǧ֮ʩչֱˮʱͲǧ֮ĵֻʱ֮
Ҳ˵ַ׾ٵĲǿԴûκθɡ
ȻַҲʱڽĴߣָоʱѹļǿԴ˶೤ʱˡ
ʧȥԴӻߣǰͲһ
ֻһâߣǶͷϵ˿ڣһı龪㵲ѡ
лںޣвʣз
ǵĽ֡

ߣ֮ǰߣһǿߣͳͳˣַһ֮նɱĴǿߣ
Ųסˣ
ͬʱַʱΪһҲ֧Ųס̳ʱļǿԴѹ

ļǿԴͬʱɳʱ֮С
ÿһǿԴܷǷѷɫ
ʲôļǿԴ
˼飬ǲ˼飬նɱĴǿߣԴѹѹסˣԴ˽
ᣬĻᡣһǿԴˡ
ҲǻᣬҲпܣնˣжôֲ
ɫһǿԴΧļߣﻹģһĶĶַ壬ЩǿԴ
һԴַ壬һǿߣԼʮߡ֮ǰǿᣬЩͨײ֣ҲûзʵڵȴŻᡣ
ڣˣ
ֻץסᣬõһǿԴǾһɳ죡
ڵף
ܿ£ΣַסļԴѾ˵ܶˡǲ˵Ҳǿ֮ĩ
ʱ׶ǳġ
նɱĴǿߣѾǿ֮ĩһϣ
ٺ٣ȥһԡ
ǿԴһʵ̫ˡ
༫߶񣬵ȴһûж
ΪַĿƺûһ˿ҡ
ļԴɳʱַҲûκλңʱѾ˼ޣʱ֮ҲĴ룬׶ˡ
ʱַ壬ʱ
۷ߣ
ң۷ߣ
ԽκԴ
ߣһ
ַһʱǧ֮ݺһЯɽһǰƣ˲סļǿԴ
һͳͳҪõ
䣡
ļԴȥΪ֮һ٣ַǧ֮εסھҵȴ޼¡
ৣ
һ̣֮һļԴʧӰ٣ڵǧ統С


1869 һ֮ѹգ
˭
ַ彫ļԴ뵽ǧ֮Уֶƺ˿û뿪Ĵ㡣
ƣƣ
ַڸΧеˣ뿪˭ҪԴģǾϰɡǺεȵԸ
˵εȵİ
ǶļߣҲû˵İ
ַԽˣļ߾Խǲַһ֮ѹǿԴһնɱǿߣⲻ˭ġ
Ϣһգ¶𶯡
ǿߣô׾ͻġƽʱһ𣬶Ȼ󲨡
Ϊһǿ䣬ǾζһǿԴ֪ô޴ս
ַһ֮նɱĴǿߡ
˶֪Ǽַʱڵַ壬һǿԴΣ
ƾնɱĴǿߵġ׳١û˸κ춯
һ֮ѹɰǧߣǺε׳٣
ʵϣַʱʱճӵҪܳʱָܻûַ֪ʵҲûðա
ַĿһɨЩߣһĶֱַĿ⡣
ף߰ɡ
ַʩչֱۣӽ뵽۵С
׳һ£Ǹַ뵽ۡ
ˣ
΢΢һŤʹʧյС
˿ַ̣ʧķʮλһԴûˣǻô죿
һΣûгԴôݲݵĽˡ
һԴᣬԴġ
ôˣ
ˣϿһԴû
ԴģҶǿԴһõ
Щġ
ǶôܹôһǿԴһвһЩճеס
ֻͨߣʵΪһܹճС
ֻгΪǿߣӵһǿԴǲаԼճаȫ
ֻϧȴûᵽǿԴ
ַûǿԴȴֻĿַ彫ûǿԴߡ
ף鴫£ǶļˣҲ޼£ֻǴ˵еհѹһ
༫ߵš
հѵãÿһλհײβͲ֪
οհΪǿԴģ
ˣˣǿˡ
༫Ҳֻסĵ̰ǻԾĵȴᣬϾԺ󻹻Դǻлᡣ
ȥǻףǿҪ
ǣԴᣬôҴҽˣյŹڻ׵ִţλǿ߶նɱ׵Ѿﵽһ¡
Щײβհˣ

ǿԴ
ַѾص˴ǵУǰǿԴڣǿԴͳͳû
ʵĻ֣ʵڼߵУΪͨߡǿԼһ⼫ߡ
⼫ߣʵҲֻӵǿԴˡǻʵǿ󣬻ǿԴǿԶһǿԴ
ܹ֮ǿ֮ϡ
һַնɱǿߣûκһǶ⼫ߡĻַܲնɱ˵
ʵѾ˽ַ嵱˶⼫ˣַԴȴô⡣ǲǶ⼫ߣͲҪ
ҪǣַʱɱΪԴֻܹʱΪհ
հҪΪհͱʱɱ䡣ʱҪɱ䣬ͱҪںϡԴ
ַ忴ԴǿԴκһȥյᡣ
󲻾
ǿߣԼʮͨߣ԰ټƵ۷ߡ
⻹ֻһǿԴˣַȴӵûǿԴ
ЩǿԴ뵽ʱ֮УַЩϧ
ЩԴٶ࣬ʵַ˵ȴѾû̫İǴڵΨһֵǰʱɱ䣡
뵽ַҲԥȻ¶˾ģȽõУһӣʱճ֡
ʱճӵУʱʱճӵš
ɱɡ
ʱ͵ıһʱ֮͵һֱӾʱ֮Сַ׼ʱţֱܲʴһǿԴ


1870 ׵ܣ
ˣ
ƺھҵ
ǿԴƺԼʶʱʵҲһʶֻǱַ԰ˡ
Ҳˣûбһʶ
ַʱ룬ƺѾʶΣգھҵţֻϧַɲֻʱʱճӡ
ǣʱ֮ʼʴ
ʱռ٣
ʱ뵽ʱк󣬵һʱ䣬ַͿʼʱռ١֪ʱʵڶʱڣɡںһǿԴ
ʱռǾͲһˡ
ңַڰȫĻ֮£Ȼеǰ취׷ֽ⡢ʴǿԴʱ֮棬ǿ
ʱյļ٣㻹ڲϵʱûҪʴĴ㣬ֱѹˡ
ģʮԪʮԪʮԪ
ò˵ǿԴͨԴȷǿĿ¡Ȼ㣬ʮԪʱ䣬ȴûκα仯
ʱٵʮԪһ˿仯ʼһķֽˣֽܷٶȺȴڷֽ⡣
ʱȴַе档
ַȷţûκܹ㣬ʱΪ̺ʱ֮ԭƺٳʱ䣬ʱˡ
Ҳ˵ĳ˵ʱ㣡
Ȼûʡ
ԶҲ㣬ʱա
ЩֿڣʵϾˣʱ㣬ʱ֮Ϊʱ֮ʱһֱȥ
гһգʱڵʱ֮ʣ޼ôʱҲḯ࣬ҲԴһʱƶķɢ
ںϣ
ַʱռ٣󽥽ķֽ⣬գֽ󣬱ʱȫɣ׵ںһ
ʱʱʼšңÿһռ䣬
ʱչ޶ѸٱǿѾĽӽߵˡַָоһʱٶɱ䣬ôʱչޣпܱ۷ߵĿֲڡ
۷ߵʱչޣһ⻹ô
һѹʱ֮УûԴǴ˵еհҲɣ
ʱĿֲ֮
ˣַҲһֱڴʱɱ䡣
һЩüֽڶԴ
ַȻоʱǿ࣬ȫɱ䣬кܳһξ롣ļǿԴķֽ⡣
ַھ֮ǱʱȴЩ
Դ׵ǿԴеǿԴ֮ûб
λ᲻ģ
ϣܹһǿԴڻǰֻǣҲ֪ǿԴͻ֮ǰĿǰֻǺϵˡ
ֻǹϵ˴һЩϡ
ƽ޹ҪһǿԴ˭Ը⣿
˶ַ嶯֣Ǽֱǰ׳գ޴׻޴ֵز
ҪʲôĵرǿԴӦöǡ˻ֵزհ֮µһˣεǿݺգˣҪԴ֮ŵϢ׷ѰģӦǺհһԴ֮統С
ץסʲôš
ҪַĸԸóһǿԴǾ͵ӦֵĶַȤĶ
ʣԴ֮žַȤϢ
ֻǣԴ֮Щ⼫߶֪Ϣհ׷ѰĶȥѰң
Դ֮š᲻Ǹط
ԺһͷһĻ棬ԺУ·ļ䣬ָͷ
ʵ򲻵ѣҪǿԴҲԸΡ䡱
Ǹطֲ̫ˡ
һ㣬׾Ǹط
Ȼӳ죬׶Ը𵱳һĻ
º󣬴Ʋֿܡģ÷·ӽࡣ
ǸطԴ֮йأ
ûԴ֮ţҲһ
ʵһϣպΪհ֮󣬾ȥ̽һҵԴ֮š
ֻϧҲֻˡ
հǺεȴڣ
ô꣬ǿ߶ǣοհ
յУһγֶԴѪȷ磿ⱲӶܵõһԴӶΪհ
ˣܡҲһֱ
ֱڣ׾ãǸʱˡ
ܻһǿԴҲֵˣ
һҧֱӳַסȥ


1871 Դ֮Ϣ
Դ
ַھ֮УһֽǿԴȻʱ࣬ƺɱ䣬һξ롣
ⲻַ廳ɣǲķˣ
ֻߣԴôǿ󣿳
ַûмհҲûмԴˣ֪Դʲôӵġ
ʱΪַԼԼĸоʱɱ仹ԶʣµǿԴֽںˣҲûκô
ѰҸԴС
ַЩͷۡ
һΣԴܻǿԴԴûô׳Դ̸ף
οһͨԴַʱҲûʲô̫á
ţ
Ȼַһ
ã
ַ岻֪ʱǰݷʲô£ȻˣȻøһЩӡ
ǣַҲӭ˽
ףҲһҪ׵İ
ַ󣬴Ҳûԥżɽ˵
˵˵ʲôҪĳ
ַãԴ֮ܣʵѾܽܶˡڴַ򣬻ʲôΣգ
ǶûΣգҪʲô
׳ܸһǿԴ֪׻ǿԴֻҪһмֵĶ׽
һǿԴ
ַüͷ
ҪЩˡ
Ȼ׶ŭƽʱҲܺƣһҪһǿԴȻ˵ǽóʲôһǿԴ
Īǲǲɣ
ǣʵҲȲһǿԴļֵǿԴ
ַ׵ĹϵûкõֿǿԴĵز
ַü׾ַ֪ˡ
㻻ǴףҲᡣһǿԴô׽ģǣ׼æ͵ףĽңԴ֮ϢΪ
Դ֮磿
ַüëһĿ·˴׵ϡ
֪Դ֮Ϣ
ַһȻԴ֮׷ѰĶԴ֮ϢĻ˵һǿԴˣǿԴֵá
ȴЩص˵Ҳ֪ǲԴ֮ϢǸطĺܹ졣ҶܸܵԴһЩƵϢȻҲܱ֤һܻԴ֮ϢԴ֮йϵ
׺ܽš
ʵףЩǿѣ˵ͲԳơ
һûб֤ʵϢԼ̫϶ҲһǿԴǷˡ
ҲǴĳˡ
ڴǣǴ׵ӣѡס
׽ŵĿַ壬ԼÿԲ󣬵Ǳһ˿ڴ
ַһֱĬţû˵ƺںʲô
ãַ̧ͷŴڴĿ⣬ַ嵭˵ףҿԴӦ㣬㽻һǿԴ
䣡
ԺһƬհףޱȵļ
ַͬˣַȻͬˣֱľϲ

ַĻô׵ᵽɤۡ
ҪǸطϸңȫѰҪĸĵرǶĵرͨĵرĵرʮͨĵرһټɴ׾ûɣ
׼æ˵ͷû⣬Ȼû⡣һȫչĵر
᲻ͬ⣿
ֻһЩĵرˣǶĵرΣܺķʱ䣬ԼʯǿԴͲֵһᡣ
ֻҪܹõǿԴַ˵ʲô׶ͬ⡣
ַ˵ͷֱóһǿԴֽǿԴֻֽڻʣ
ǴٳһЩַͬ⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
ڴӦ׽ʵҲַͷŵһ⡣ܹΪǿߣַ屳Ľϵ˵Ҳкô
٣һλǿߵĳ򣬴ǻܰȫ
һַܳʱûڴǣҲ´ǻʲô⡣οҲֵΡ
ۺһ𣬴ʹַӦ˴׵Ľ
ȻҪǴ׵ϢҲǹԴ֮ģ½ֻһַҲԸ
һǸطľԴ֮йأ
ˣַ帶һǿԴĴۣõһЩԴ֮Ϣ
ֻǣ׵Ϣ׼׼ȷǲƲԴ֮йϵַȥ̽һ֪


1872 һ˿Σգ
һԴ
ַ彫һԴֽ뵽ʱ֮Сܸܵʱ࣬
֮ǰǿߣַͲ壬Ҳٴôѡ
ʱһξ롣ַţž൱Щļˣǿǿһء
ӦɲЩհ
ǣʱɱ䡣
ַ岻˹סǸԴ֮ϢֻǣǸϢַ嶼еɻ
һȥܾܿͳˣǼոҲˣ
ַԺлŹǸطϢȻǴ׵һ֮ʣַãײƭ
Ϊûκ塣
ңǸطȻкŨԴϢԴǧ˿ƵϵȴƫƫûзԴ
ԴƲ⣬ӦúԴ֮йء
ַĵԭ
հǣһֱ׷ѰԴ֮ţԴ֮žհǾûַڵмߣ¶һ֪
հ·һΣļûκεĽôֻ꣬հȴûκ˼հһ˶ɣе׻ûհĴˡ
ַţһհĴڡ
ֻǣΪѰԴ֮ţհӦȥһδ֪ĵطˣһֱûг֡
ȥһ
ַվһṳۣۣ̂Ҳ˶ĿˡʵڵʵѾκˡ
հ
ʱ֮ױ¶Ҳ塣ֻǣһЩ鷳ˣˣһֱΪڻ
ʣۣҲԶԶûʱ֮ô򵥷㡣
ಣ
ַӰһѾʧ˾֮С
ˣ
׵֮УַӰ֮˳һ֣̾ǰ
ǰƺһڶϵת޾·̺ܣ롣
ⲻеֺڶһڶֻһУʲôֻյС
ûʲô̫ĶͲǡҪרѰҶһܹҵ
ˡ
ַ޴ĺڶݹ׵׾ⷢ޴ĺڶ
ңȻҲ̽Ѱһ
һȥͲû뿪
Ȼ뿪ˣԼ֪ô뿪ġ棬׸ӦԴƵϢ
Ǵ׵ܣһֱ½룬ֻһֱûС
ַ
ȴüͷ
Ŀ⣬޴ĺڶƺҪڶ֮һĵطȴûóȻڶ֮С
ԭܼ򵥣ַоһ˿Σգ
ǵģΣϢ
ԴַʱɱûٸоΣϢǵĴǿߣַսΣգʵȴûһΣա
ַʱ֮ʱսͲΣաֻҪøԴˡ
ڣַʵǿ
ʱѾ׷ֽ⡢ںļǿԴǿǿߣַҲĺɨѹ
ˣʵڶʱȴһΣյĸоܲ
ַĸоһֱֱҵľ磬ֱҲǳ顣
ȻֱΣգôڶ֮һΣա
һСģַ嶼䡣
ַ
ַϸ̣ʱʱ֮
Ϊʱַ֮յ˼ɡհַ岻УҲͨʱ֮ߡ
ַݺ̡
ֻǣһʱ֮ʧȥЧأߣأ
ַ弸ûֿܡϾʱ֮ءǿ󣬳Խһй
Ŀֲʧȥ
ַ岻֪ڶ֮ĺʹ˵еԴ֮йϵַ͵СĽˡ
ţԴ֮
ֻ㣬ǳԽʱյ˵ʱյյ㣬㣡ֻҪ㣬ô߲ʱյյ㡣
ַ岻֪ڶ󵽵һ磬ȻΣգǺܴΣգô͵ýĶԴؿˡ
ڵַ壬ֵֵðգ
ַںڶǰһʱ䣬գַ廹Ǿȷ
ûеͶ·˵ûеʱлᣬ٣ȥѰһЩļߣһЩϡ
ܹհǾ͸ˡ
ڶ֮󣬻ܡַڻóȻ룬Ͼܻо޴Σգ
ৣ
һַ̣ӰѾʧյС


1873 ׵һŵ
ţ
ףƺӦʲôüͷһ塣
ԴӴ׵õǿԴ󣬾͵һʱ䳢ڹȥһʱ䣬ѾĲˡ
Ҳ˵ڵĴڳǿߣ
ףôֻˣ
׻뿪ңӦַϢƺڵȴ
ַ´һ´ףЦ˵ϲףԸԳΪǿߡ
⻹Ƕ˻׵ǼǿԴˣһλѵûнǸط
Щɻ
ַҡҡͷûнУΪҸӦΣգǸڶпо޴Σգ򲻵ѣҲСһλʵҲ̴ףհϢ
հʲôҪѯʵģ;ʰɣֻҪ֪ģһ֪޲ԡ
Ѱհˣ̴׿հϢ٣
հѾţײβ˵ˣඥ⼫ߣҲһ֪հ١
׿Ц˵
Ѱհ
ѰհַȴҪѰҡ
Ҳ֪հ١
ַüͷʵ˭֪հ٣
Ҳ
Ҫ˵֪հ٣ЩϵĶ⼫֪һϢ
⼫ߣûа취Щ⼫߶
ҡҡͷ
ʲôЦЩ⼫ߣûհ֮£Ǿʵġˣ˭öǣ
ַҲУ
⼫ߣҲѹǿߣˣַĻҲáǣַʵѹǡ
ڵַ壬ԱȻûκ⣬հ޿κΡ˵ѹ⼫ߣǾЩˡ
ַҲ붥⼫൱ԶԶûдﵽѹĵز
ַǰȥݷãԷӣַҲûޡ
ʵ취ǿʵ
ַȻյУǿΪհﻹõȥЩ⼫ߣһٻеĶ⼫߶Ը
ʵǾû˻⡣
ַʵѾһƿ
ֱӣٵʽʵʱɱ䡣һɱ䣬ʱпܳΪԴ
һַҲֱӳɾհ
ַҲʱҪɱ䣬ҪǿԴܶܶ࣬ɱ䣬޲𹥻ЩǿߣӶǿԴĻʹղôǿԴ
Ҫַ޲𹥻ɱЩǿߣΪĿĲֶΣַ廹ûô񡣺οҲΥԭ
ôֻõڶְ취ǾѰҶĵرǧ硣
ַеǽϵˣǧ绹ԶԶûеޣԼš
ַ屾кܴǱڡ
ǧһޣڵַûдﵽޣǾζţֻҪõĵرǧĵرôǿԼǧ磬Ӷʵ
Ŀǰַ屾ʵʱʱ֮Ȼ۷ߡ
ʵϣѾ൱ˡ
ֻ֮ٵ߻壬ƾʵ۷ߣϵǱ
ңַǱûеޣԼܲܵʵߣַԼҲ
ģǻöĵرӶϵǧ硣
ֻǣŴǵַôʱ䣬ҲûеõһܹǧĶĵر
Ѿʯ޹ˡ
ߣȱʯǻѡöĵرȡʯһЩߣȱʯ
Ǳ۷ߣ߼ߣʯ㹻ôʯʲô
Ҫַ취ˡ
ãַԴ˵ףҪռĶĵرܹǧĵرӵĵرҪʯʲôҶӦţһԴӦһܼҪ󡣡
״ӦһҪ󣿡
һ
ַŵжءַϴԴı֣ʵѾַ嵱˶ļߡ
հֵ֮£ַǿĴ֮һ
ˣַһŵ
Ѿ󵽣һϢųȥô޴ķ졣
ȻַľҲûȰ˵
׷ģһ߾ȫҪųȥŹ˶ãն׵Ҫ󡣡
װҺܷġ
ַ漴㷵סĵȴš


1874 һ˵У
׶ַҪģһܹõɢϢ
ˣһַ꣬嵹յĵر
ڶַ꣬һȻϢҲҪʱ䣬ңһЩӵжĵرҲԥǻҪٹ
꣬˵һλַ鷳ߣһĵرĴַۣԳ֣Է˽۷ߵв
ˣû˻ỳɻ׵ĳŵˡ
ֻǣַܹռĶĵرҲֻļˣԶԶַԤڡ

ӣһҪӡ
ǧ磬Ѿռݣǲİ
ֻӣĿǰѾˣҲ
ģ뱨𡣵۷ߣô𣿡
ף֪ɵһճС
ף
׺ȻԱܹۡõһĵرǵĻ׳һˡ
ĵرȻûУıаı⣬Ѿռݣǲ֪λףԸԸˡ
޳һԡ
е۷ߣ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣿ңպ۷ߣҲ޷
ʱһǿ
뵽ǰǣס
ܿ죬׾ͼ˻ס
·ϣѾλ׵ǿǶļߣյкߡ
ֻҪ׿ϳ֣Ǿûн˵⡣
ұ
ַ壬ǰͨߡ
𾴵Ļױ£ɣרǰݷûױ¡
ף˵Ҫ󡣡
ױ£ֻҪܹҵļǧ壬壬ҾͻṰַҪĶĵر
û⡣жٶĵر
Ӧ
һҧʱֻܾܶıһ֣ȻҲݵģۼĵر

ַȴüĿһɣ漴ϵƱ
䣡
ɾͷ·оޱ޼ʵݺݵѹ
ֻһ׶ֲ֧סڵء
ܸӦϸûжĵرҪ֪ƭʲô³
ַ˵
Ȼ˺ƣûƢƭͷϣȻ
һҧֱӺгױ£Ϣŭûƭҵļ磬ı⵱Уĵرֻǣҵļ紦սѾռҵļ磬ԡ
û˵ˣ˼Ѿˡ
ĵرڵȷûСļ磬ȴһĵر˵ṩĶĵر˵ṩĶĵر
ַ˼š
ϵĶĵرҲһˡ
ԸϵĶĵرȫҪҪ󣬱㡣
Ӧˣ
׺ܼƺƵġ
Ȼھȥļ硣
ַһץֱӽץ۵У߶ۡ
ಣ
һ̣Ѿʧ˴֮УһյյС
ޱȵļָǰһǧױ£ҵļ硣
ţôˣ
ַ徫һɨ漴ǧڵƺϾѾƿס˾ųɾϵĵط
ʣµľǴѲ©֮㡣
壬ѾҪˣ
ױ£Ͻְɡ
׺ż
ٲֵĻˡ
֣
ַҡҡͷûг֣Ǿ˵Ժ
ף׸˱ĵرΪף˳ǧ磬ôκıʱʱû뿪
Ժжַ
ţף
۷ߣһɫ䡣
ںյУҲڴˣƿżǧ硣
ֻǣԻףǼֱ
ߣ̾ߣ
۷ߵϣûκԥ
һЩ˲ģ뿪ôҲԳ
ʲôЦˣǻҶǲӣʱ鷳ľˣ
ǣʱڣ˾ͬˮһѸٵȥûκһˡ


1875 ַļޣ
⡭ˣ
Ŀɿڴ
ûжֻ֣һ仰ȫˣȻͶˣٶ֮죬
ԡѪսô꣬ʲô
Ҳɼʶ˻׵Ӱ嶼ôηס
ˣˣȥ屦ɡϣûƭ򡭡
ַ嵭ĿһۣҲôвˣѾ֪ƭĺֻǣ˵ʲôҲѾûˡ
ಣ
״ַ屦⡣ֻѾһˣҲǺ˷ɣһĶЩסˡ
ףôˣ
˶ɺ󣬾úܲ졣֮ǰ뿪ǧôֻˣ
ɼæ˵λǻױ¡
ɵĽͣڶҲ֪뿪ԭˡֻǣ˶磬屦£ǲ
ûĵر͵Ի׵ŭˡ
ҲЩʵ⵱еûжĵرԼҲǺֻǸݵӶ㡱ġ
˵һŵ֡
ɶЩˣûĵرôôԻ׵ŭȻѾˣһλ׵ŭ嶼ܲ
ױ£ǱˡЩ岢û⡣
˿
ַ˵ͷֱӽ뵽˱⵱С
屦⵱кöȷ٣ַ忴۵ȴûУοĿҲǶĵر
ףС
ַܿҵ˶ĵرһǺü
һļ
û˵ѣַڱ⵱һҵĵرǰ궼ûҵĶĵر
ǰַ꣬ҲŻļĵرˡ
ڼĵرַһʮĵرˡ
ܺãĵر⡣ţһӡǣֻҪߣӦöܸӦӡǡʱҲ·ˣǧķϢ»ָ
ַãҲûǸһЩôôҲĵرŻ۵ĵر
ַǧһӡǡ
СӡǣȻȲǧķҲӹûʲôЧ
ȴŻף
κһλߣֻҪӦӡǾͻףǧйϵ
ƾ㣬ֻҪַ岻ôͿǧ簲ȫķϢķչջָ
Ƕİ
״ϲôһӡǴ塣
лױ¡
ַʱ֮һѾʧյУ·ص˴ǡ
ǰʱ䣬ַֽҵõһĵر½ǧʱ⣬˵Ͳʲô
Ż׵ԶԽԽĶĵر۵ַС
ʮʮʮ
ʱ䣬ַڻ۵ʮĵر
ˡ
ַ忴ǰʮĵرѾûټȥˡٵϼ߼ʮ꣬ջĶĵر
ôʱ䣬ַѾûټȴ
οʮĵرҲַǧﵽˡﲻҲ뼫޲Զˡ
ǧ磬Ҳмޣ
ǣַչؿʼʹЩĵرûһһʹãȫ뵽ǧ֮С
ʱеĶĵرһ˲䱬ֱֲ¡
ǧ磬ôƾеţʵһ㣬Ҳ˵ȫûЧֻЧ΢΢
Ҫĵȴ㼸ʮԪҲֻһʲôô
ʮĵرȫַǧ͡š⼸ַ嶼һڶȼԪٵĴˡ
ֻеַڶȼԪʱƺй֡족ĸоǧֱ޵ͣûκ
Ԫٻһġ
ַ֧ǧŵģǽǶĵرЩĵرѰһǳףοʮ
Ҳַֻƴ֡Ķ⼫ߣܴôĶĵر
κߣ¶ء
ַǧ粻ţֻǴ
Ȼַܿ͸оһ˿˿͡ĵرˣ෴ĵرܳ㡣
ַǧ磬쵽˼ޡ
䣡
ȻַǧһţĹƺáǺʱճӣǷ˾ҵı仯
һַ̣һ֡Բĸо
˵ǡ
ǧļޣڵˣ


1876 ̽ڶ
ˣ޷ˡ
ַ۲Լڵǧ磬ǧڣʵʮĵرǣȴǧˣַֻܽЩͳͳ
һ磬ԻΪСǧ硣
ȻСǧ磬ҲԻΪǧ硣
ֻǣǧļޣַȴһԲĸоҲ˵ǧǼޣԲͲǿˡ
˵ǧ֮ϣܻΪǧ硣
ʵǧҲãԴ֮Ҳա
ǡ㡱ġ
ȴǾǧ֮ϾǴǧ磬ûʲô
ߵƲ⵱УԴ֮ߴǧ磬ʵһǳ磬ӵ̺İء
ˣ֮Ϊ֮Ҳûд
ƺǲʱյ
Ҳ˵ļޣʵǵַǧĵزַܺĸܵǧ·޾ѾԶԶĳ۷ߵ
ڵϣַãȷܹߣ
ԼߣֱǷ񣬻˵췽ҹ̷չޣЩϣǿѪŨչޣҲԼߡ
ַˡ
ǼޣΪߣΪļޡ
ޡĳƺţҲ޵ķʸļޣַﵽĵز
һÿԴ
ԴӮǵˣƺһ˿ԴϢ˿ԴϢʲôַҲ
ȥˡ
ַоǰδеǿƾǧ֮ߣټʱַʵһޡ
ļޣ
ַѾ޿ɽʱɱ䡣
ˣַ岻ڴԪʵȴôĻǾͱȥǸصĺڶðա
ʱַ岻֪Ƿհ
ǼڴУ϶κνԼʱ֮Ǹܡ
ûкʵļԪȵ컹ѣ޾ľʯҲá
Ȼ޾ַѾվ۷塣վ۷壬ȴûһ˿ᡰɫ
ַЩհЩհһλ޵еĴڣյУȴҪƴȥ׷Ѱ翵Դ֮ţϧһдۡ
Ŀʲô
ʵҪԽԼҪнյгճյĵȴԪȴûһ˿
Щͨߣ߼ߡ
Ҳд˼ʮϰٸԪǿߣչ黹һЩġȫûнʵһĥ
ַ岻뱻ݼŵʱĥˣѡȥصĺڶȥһ
ǵһжѾ׵ˣʵҲҪʲôţĴǣѾȡ
˹ôһλǿ򣬸ͲκΣա
ǣַչءʵϣȴ˭û֪ͨϢʩչʱճӣֱ̤ʱճӣʧӰ
ˣ
һ޴ʱճӣһͺڶǰ
ַʱճһ
ּڶַѾļޣ޿ɽʵ˼ޡȴɸоһ˿޵Σա
ƺڶڣǱſֲΣ
ַͼþȥ̽һڶͳʧʲôҲ̽
Խȥˡ
ַ˿ȻѾ˳׼һ̣һЩĸо
ಣ
գַ廹¶˾ģһȻ˺ڶ֮С
ոտڶַһϤĸо
ʱգʱյ
ڶ֮Уʱյ˵İַ˵ʵ̫Ϥˡ
ʱգʱյʱ֮ţ֪ᱻ͵ȥ
ַûκζ֪ʱ֮š
Ǹŵˣʱʱ֮ңַʲôΣգҲˣַڱʱ֮ס󣬾ʵʵģûκζ
ܿ죬ַоǰһ۵Ĺâ˶΢΢һɣ˺ڶеһͷ
ҲûôŨҵʱַ֮ȽϤϢ
ԴϢ
˵ԴƵϢ
ৣ
ַ۾
۾һɲǣƺӦʲô
䣡
ַһȭ˳ȥƺƵǧ֮ͬ˳һǰϯȥ˲һͷӴĹޡ
ͷޣҽжûзһͱַǧ֮촷ۡ
ףֹޡʱչޣ
ַƺоϤϸһ˼ҲԽԽԻˡ


1877 ʱѹƣ
ַ忴ǰǧ֮촷۵Ĺޣкɻôôʱչޣʱչ޵ĻӦò
ˣַ㾲ĵȴš
ֻǣȵ˺ܾãûмͷ١ⲻַ廳ɣǲʱչޣ
ߣǲܸʱչޣ
ط
ַ峯һطķ羰һƬ̲ĺվںϿա
ںܣˮ񣬿羰ǳ
ֻǣַȴоκǧĹˣӦòǧ磬Ҳա
ʲôط
ַ岻ȴԲСطַеһ˿вȻطѰ
ȥ
ַһֱӷ˺֮Уʱ͵һ󶯵һͷӴޣȻˮһ¸߸Ծ𣬾ֱӳַһҧ
ߣ
ַһǧ֮ƺƵֱѹ£˲㽫ͷ촷ۡ
ȴַˡһͷˮеĹޣȻиߵߵʵʵǷǱѰ
ţʱ֮ܵˡ
ַɫ͵һ䡣
ʱ֮ܵˡ
ߣӦ˵ܵƣǱĳָǿֱӸѹסˣʱ֮޷ʩչ
޷ʩչʱ֮ζʲôַ
ζַ̣ʧȥЧ
ˣʱأ
ַ弱æʱȻʱʱճ֮Уڣʱճӻתˣʱһӷ˳
ãʱܶãֻǣʱĹؼеʱ֮ﱻʱ֮ʱܴ
ַ΢΢һ
طʵ̫ˣƺܿʱ֮
ʱܣ϶ԶԶȲ档ʱȴһɣҲ˵ַѹˣô뵽ʱ֮УϾͲˡ
ֻǣʱ״ѹǿĶ֣ɲôס
ҺãҵǧѾŵ˼ޡûʱ֮ûʱҲߡ
ַ̧ͷա
գƺԶտɫҲκ⣬ҹûС
ַշȥֻǣôɣƺ޷ɵ
ӦĳĽַ嶼޷ƽ⡣
ϸ˽һطˡ
ַ԰
ϸѯʹף׵ĵطƺȫͬûκˣҲ֪ʲôܹ·صС
ˣ׵һЩ飬ַ˵ȫûáַҲֻһһԼ
ಣ
ַڷɳ˺֡
ľܸߴ󣬲ûʲôĵرֻһЩͨľ
ַٶȺܿ죬Լľ̽ƺûκη֣֡
޾ֱǧ綼ҪӴ
ַľǧ磬ᱻ׸ǣ׾پ̽ϣƺûκô
ˣۻûã
ַһۡ
ۺʱճӲһܹգҲǿʱ֮һص
ʱ֮ƺסˣַ޷ãҲ޷գֻܿһԡ
ַ߶ۡ
ಣ
һ̣۾Ȼ˲䴩ղ֪Զľ룬ȻһطѾûôï֣ܵȺɽơ
ȻУ
ַЩ˷ܣû뵽ﶼܹգȷ档
ȻܹգôַɾͲˡ
İַҪе̽һУǣĴ߶ۣһһεĴ
Ҫǧַ֮ԴԴϵǧ֮Ͳľ㴩ζû⡣
ţߣһԴϢ
Ȼַһδ󣬸оһ˿ϤϢԴߵϢ
ﻹߣ
ַһ漴ǻϲôʱ䣬Ѿ֪жԶľˣȴûʲôáͲ֪ʲôطҲ֪뿪
ҵߣô٣֪һЩˡ
¡
ַ峯ŸӦ߷ȥԽǿԽǸо˾ҵĲЩʱ䣬ҵĲѾǿߵĳ̶ȡ
Ƕ⼫ߣ
հ
ַ岻ܸӦԷߣַȴСĽʱ֮ѹƣǾ͵øСһЩ
ܿ죬ַڵִԴͷ
һͷֲĹޣһɽôӴ󣬶Ķ棬һߣͷһǳģӣɢſֲĲ
ԶַκԴ


1878 ʲôط
Դ
ַʵ޷󣬻ʲôԴܹôǿӵжԴ˵Էһհ
ͼհ
ַһʱ֮ѹƣɲʲô¡٣հʱַǳı
¡
ͷհּսַ۾΢΢һ
ΪˣհԴƺûԤ⵱ôֲҲεѹסһ
ţҲѹסˣҲ˵ֹҵʱ֮ӦǣԴѹˣ
λհչֳʵʵҲ൱һλ۷ߡȻԴ⣬˭Ҳ֪ԷԴʲôã¿ƺֻ۷ߵʵ˵ͻʲôɱﵡ
Ͼ磬ǿհ
ն
հһȣԴһӣʱǴŹܱεѹ˴룬ˡ·̺ݺݵײ˹޵ϡ
ͣ
ӾȻ˹ޣ˹޵ڡ
ͬʱհɫϲƺ߶طӡ

޲ҽһΪâڱӴ˺ѣָôദ˿ڣķˣλָ
ϵϢѸʧ󳹵ûӰ
ţǡ
ַȴڹʧһ̣ԭһžӨ͸ӣӣûʲô춯صܣȴһַϤ
ʱգʱ֮Ĳ
һԿôʱ䣬ó˰ɣ
ַɻ󲻽ʱհˣȻѾַ壬ֻǺ͹޴սûдݾߡ
óԷܽ
ַûгɣʵϣҲûܹԷԷհַͲԷ
ಣ
ַһ粽յУλİհ
һλհ
ոնɱ˹޵ӣʵ
ţҲˣǸոմ뵽ߣλγƺ
ַûҪ˽Ҫ֪һУô͵̹ϡ
οַҲеˡ
ʱ֮ȻѹƣʱܷӳҲСߣĵ
ǰصߣպյհԴҲܵѹƣֻ൱۷߰ˣַ岢κη塣
룿Ӧµհˣܹҵ˵Ѿʸˡ
ʸʲô˼
ַɻ
ҵѣ꼴Եڸոսң˵Ե߰ɣصҵסһϸʡ
˵գֱӾת뿪ˡ
ַһ£ջǽĸ˶Է
ʵϣַһֱûзɾ裬һֱСĹ۲ŶԷһСһŹ֣Էô
ңֱӽס
κһλ߿¶ôϾյɱ˶ᱦ»ôյиûûԼǰһǶˣһܷ̾ɱˡ
ַ岻ţһλհ᲻֪Щ
Էɽַס
ַѾˣһɽ֮ϣܶŴһַ嶼ľĸо
ңҪǣЩ֮УȻʱ֮Ĳ
Է뵽˴֮УַҲûгɣ̸ŽС
ţ
ոս룬ַ͸оһЩԾˡ
֮УַоѹƱСˣȻѹƣʱ֮ȴܻԾʱԾԾԡ
Ҳ˵ƺεѹƣַʱ֮ԺܻԾ٣ַʵٻָ˾ųϣ
ַҲܸоԷ֮УҲһĻָƺָԣȻʩչԴǼԴ֮ǰܱѹס߳ɵܣڣҲɱѹɵܡ
Էó˹޵ĺģ̺ʱ֮ӣ漴һССķ֮УԴҲ˽ȥƺ𽥵ͷŹ޺еʱ֮Դ
һĻԷû˿Ρ
ɣǲʲôһĸܣõģϷûж⣬෴ϷЩ»æ
æ
ַ岻ÿɷ
һĨڣʲô֪ɲӦ˵Ҫ󣬸˵ʲôæˡ
һɻ󣿲ҪϷͽһж㡣ȣ֪ʲôطʵѾ²˰ɣ
ʲôط
ַʵ
ԷЦЦɫһﲻһֱβ׷Դ֮𣿡
䣡
һַ̣ԺһƬհס


1879 Դ֮ţ
Դ֮ţôܡ
ַš
ţԴ֮ţ˵Щհ׷ѰԴ֮𣿶ңԴ֮ţܽ뵽˵еԴ֮磬Ǹ̺Դ֮磡
һֱյʵհĴ˵֪հʵϣȴհ
ѵ
ûʲôܵģԴ֮ţҲţʵ˭뵽һֱβ׷ѰԴ֮ţôһģ
߿Ц˵
հϸĽַͣҲĽһС
ԭصհףԴ顣׳Ϊհ󣬾ڤڤ֮УӦԴ֮š
ǣ׺հһҵԴ֮ţʵǸڶȻ뵽˺ڶ֮С
˭뵽Դ֮һ
Դ֮ڣεʱ֮ѹƣѹʱ֮ѹԴΪԴҲǴԴ֮ģ̺Դ֮Ϣ
Դ֮ţѹһйԴ֮Ķ
˵һŻ
Ҳ˵Ҳһ
֮Դ֮ţͱ뿪ˣ뿪Ҹûй̶İ취뿪
ֻԴ֮ڣոһյС
ûа취뿪
ַ̲סʵ
˽⵽ģûܹ뿪
ҡҡͷ
հûпܽԴ֮ţ
ַĵһ⡣
ΪǹףƺԴ֮šҹףȻܽҵ뿪治֪Ƕ
հ
΢΢һ㶣漴Ŀһַ壬ȴû׷ʣǵ˵ͷ㲻հãԴ֮ţҲܹԴ֮ŵġհûжԴԴ֮ڣǾٲά衣һͷԴޣܽ̽
˵ġԴޡӦþ֮ǰնɱЩޣʱչ޼һģһ
޷⡣
ǲӦýʱչޣӦþԴޡ
Դ޺ǿղҿһ£ƺôǿ󣿡
ЦˡԴĻһ뿪Դ֮ţôϵʱ֮ͲκѹƣʱǾĲ֮ٺ٣һЩԴޣ֪ô뿪Դ֮ţ뵽֮УһѪȷ硣ǱհΧƺҲ޷ɱ
ַǰһ
ʱչʱ֮ڣǲ֮
ЩԴޣֻܵԴ֮ŵѹƣ˲ûв֮ȥյУ̾ͻָ˲֮
ѵߵһ
ַʵѾһЩƲ⣬ʱչԴޣʵһǲĹؼڵʱ֮
Ψʱղ㣡
հûжԴôԴ֮ŽΣգҲǸղַһ۵ԭ
հĸϼ޻
ֻǴַֻƬﵱУ׾ѾһЩ²⡣
ַ岢ġյУԴ֮ŵУųĵڣƾʵҲס
ҪභҲΣա
ȻҲûд㶯֣ƺһЩĿģҪõַİȻǰַ⡣
ַ廹һʣǣʵףôհԴ֮ţʮϰٸԪʱ䣬ôհҲ˵Դ֮ŵУʵΣأֲܷգôԴ֮Ŵڵ徿ʲôôհڵʲô
ַһʡղѾˣ׵м֮Уûᵽһ˿Ҫյ˼
뷨ûС
һطûϣ˭
ȴƫƫûգ
ֻһԭ򣬿Դ֮Уϣһհ̷ϣ˵һհǶϣ
Ǵڵ徿ʲôʵĺܺá
һַ壬Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ȷǴڵʲôԵ޹ʣһֱԴ֮УֻǸͲܡ
Դ֮ţΣգͬʱҲϣ˵ģԴ֮Уܹ뵽˵еԴ֮硣ЩհͣԴ֮УҪ뵽Դ֮磡
׵Ļ£ַԺ͵һ
Ȼ
ʵϣѾ²ˣ˵Ѿµˡ
ֻԴ֮磬ŻЩհǣһġֲ˼񡱣ûŷա
ҪԴ֮磬ϣԴ֮ڣ


1880 ϣ
νԴ֮磿
ַף֪Դ֮ŵĺء
ܼ򵥣ʱգʱ֮ʱ֮һ̶ȣܹԴ֮ʱչѹƣôܹӦԴ֮磬ӶԴ֮硣
ô򵥣
ַЩš
򵥣
Цҡҡͷʱ֮ɲ򵥣հҪʱ֮ҲϼѡĿǰֻٲհʱ֮볹Դ֮ʱչѹƣңԶͨߣֻͨնɱЩԴޣڻʱ֮ᾧЩʱ֮ᾧܹʱ֮߼ǿʱ֮򡣡
ַ˼
Ѿˣ֮ǰնɱͷԴޣµ͸ӣʵʱսᾧѹַܵһ˿ʱ֮Ĳ
ֻǣʱսᾧôģַҲϾûȻܹ˸ʱ֮ȷ档
Ҫַ֪ʱ֮ǿǺķ޾Ѫǧֵ࣬ĻԵſʱ֮
Щհǣ뵽Դ֮磬ʵϺķѵʱ䲢ַҪ̡վһЩհʱ֮
ֻǣûȥûҪ뿪աʱ֮Ļᣬǻصգ͵ȫԼ˭ʱ֮
ַ壬ʵյУҲʱ֮ˣô꣬ʵʱ֮ǿǧţһ㡣
ڣַǧҲŵ˼ޣôʱ֮
ˣַҲ᷵աҪʱ֮Դ֮С
лΪĳ󡣡
ַһ񣬲ʲôĿģڣȷַ塰ʶԴ֮ţ֪
лңǻΪһ£»Ҫ׵İ
Ŀ˸һ˿â˵
ţ£ֻҪܼĳһ߾ȫ
ַʵЩ裬ˣлǱءֻܼܰ£ǳΧַɲȥðա
Դ֮ţַָоΣգǻ䣡
ˣԴ֮ڣһҪСĽ
ҲõģȵȻϤһԴ֮ţϢһ˵
Ҳãĳиˡ
ֱַ׸ǣصװŵס
׵ɽ֮ϣʵҲź򣬲ߣµߡ
ǸַǳϾַǸ߸ϵߣ׵Ĺ͡
ַ屻һƧĶ֮УҲûЩźˣֱӽ뵽˾֮Уط
Դ֮ŵʱչѹơ
ַš
֪Դ֮ŵԴ֮ʱչѹƣʮֺ棬Ҳʮֽ
ȻѾ֪ʱչѹƣһԣܷͻʱչѹơ
ܹʱչѹƣǾͿԸӦԴ֮ˣ
ǣַ徲ĵڵʱֻ֮ǣܸоһɿֲѹѹʱ֮
ǧ磡
ַǧӰ˾֮СǧɴССҲԻΪһɳ
ȴһӴǧ磬ַĸ
ˣ
ǧ罵٣ַӰѾʧˣѾ׵뵽ǧ֮Уĸǧ硣
һΣҲ˴ţ˲ϢͿ۳ֻҪǧ粻˵ַԶҲ
Ȼսַǧ粻ûˡпܵһ˵ľǧ硣
ַǧĽ٣ǧڵĺƺƵʱճӣҲǧڲϵıϢ
ַȫҪʱճӡ
ʱ֮ǿĲʱҲʱ֮ڵĺʱճӣ
¡
ַҪԻʱճӣͼʱչѹơ
ֻǣǧڣʱճûܵκѹƣɿת磬Ҫ뿪ǧ磬Դ֮ڣǾͲһˡ
ʱճϿգ·ֳʱչ򣬺ƺƵͬȻһѹַʱճӣ޷Ի
ַʱճ𵴲ݡ
ôȥܶ˼ˡ
ʱչ򣬾Ȼ˿ֲѹơѹôհʱ֮Ҳ޷Դ֮ʱչѹƣȻҲ޷ӦԴ֮硣
ַҲƽ
֪Դ֮УҲƣϾյоѾʱ֮
ƣȴǣߡ
٣Դ֮Упʱ֮ϵ򣬱ַߵհڡЩ߸ϵհҲûѳԴ֮ʱչѹơ
Ҫ볹ʱչѹƣַضԶ
ַҲû٣෴൱˷ܡ
٣ϣ
ܿ壬ŵϣ


1881 Դޣ
Ҫʱսᾧ֪ʲô飿
ַ׵ǰֱ˵˵
׵Ķһʱ䣬һ£ʱճӣȷ޷Դ֮ŵʱչѹơ
ˣַֻѡǿʱ֮
⿿翵ʵûκãˣַҲ뵽ʱսᾧǡȷķʽ
ΪЩ˻ûʱ֮ߣͼʱսᾧǿʱ֮
ַȻҲ⡣
ŶôżʵôżײŸոԴ֮ŲãûȫʹԴ֮ڵҽӦһʱ䣬ȥɱԴޣʱսᾧ
ԵЩ⣬ȻҲûԤϵַȻ˵ġСҪɱԴޣʱսᾧˡ
ˣҾѾӦĲˣҪõʱսᾧָһ
ַҡҡͷ̬Ⱥܼᶨ
˵ӦʵѾʹԴ֮ţ޷ǲܶʱ֮ʱʵַʱԶԶߵԴѹƵҪöࡣ
ַߣˣη塣
׼ַѾ¶˾ģҲȰǶַ͵ףէ˽Դ޵ʵϣԴҲֵȼ˵Դ޵ʵҲǿ𡣡
ԴʵǿΪͨԴޡǿԴޡԴޡԴ֮УͨԴޣӦͨߣǿԴޣӦǿߡԴޣӦŶļߡԴ֮ǶӦհ
˵Դ֮УܹӳʵߣԼԴԴǡǡֱʱչѹƣˣձʵ½ܹԴ֮ڣӳͨߵʵѾ൱ˡǿԴޡԴޣһ̾ӣǷǳΣյġ
ַ˼ĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ׵˼
Դ֮ڣհԴǱѹƣܹӳͨߵʵ൱ˡ
Դ֮أ˿ɱ
ַʵ
Դ֮
׿Цҡҡͷһ뷨кܶ࣬Դ֮Уʱ֮Щǿߣܷӳ⼫ߵʵЩ⼫ߣһΧɱһͷԴ֮ȫûʧء˻ɣԴ֮ʱսᾧһǱѰ˲Դ֮ʱչѹƣ²Ҳֻǲ²⣬Դ֮ڣûնɱԴ֮
ַˣԴ֮Ļ֮ڣԴ֮Ǿǵ֮İ
ףԴʵԽǿôʱսᾧƷʾԽߣƷԽߣʱ֮ԽкôˣƷʵʱսᾧ󡣶ңһľ磬ЩƷʵʱսᾧҲûʲôôˡ
ַ˵ͷʾס
ȻڵһشҪȥնɱԴޣʱսᾧ뿪ȥѰңɻΣա
ǿԴޣ»·һ
Ҫ׵鱨ˣԴ֮ô꣬϶Ҳռ˴鱨Ȼַܹһķա
һƬɽ켫ɽΧһ㶼ͨԴޣֻҪ뵽ĻǲǿԴ޵ġ
õ׵ָ㣬ַ˵ͷױŸмл׵ָ㣬ȥ켫ɽ
ףסҪǿԴ֮ڣסҪġ
ɫһص˵
Ȼ׿ɲַôˣһЩƻҪַİַһˣ˰æɾûôˡ
ϾԴ̫̫֮٣Լַ̣ôһˡǱˡ
ǣַ뿪׵ɽ壬ֱӳ켫ɽȥ
ڷе;УַҲʱעΧϾһİĻʱʱֶ̽пΣգСĽ
Դ֮ڣİߣߣЩԴޣǲԴ֮İ
ߣʵЩԴ޵УҲֻǡС㡱ˣܸͲֵһᡣ
ַСĽһ·ϵҲûʲôΣգܿ죬ͿһӴɽ
켫ɽˣ
ַǰɽѾԼԼĸܵһЩԴ޵ϢǿֻܸӦţ޷̽
ֿ켫ɽһξ룬ϸѰ
ڣһͷԴޣϢ̫ǿҲԲңƺԷҲַ壬ַš
ˣ
ַ΢΢һЦ漴ҲԥͷԴޣֱӷȥ


1882 ʱսᾧ
𡭡
ַոշȥɽеͷԴ޾һ޴ɽСַ壬Ҳ̲סһ
ܵǧ֮һɢ
ַ̾˹ⲻյУ޵еĴڡԴ֮ţʱпһͷԴ޵ĿС
ˣÿһսСĽ
仹һΣַԴ֮ڵĵһս
Ҳ˽Դ޵ľѻᣬ⸽ҲûԴޣַҲõԴޣӶ鷳
ôһͷԴޣնɱԷܵõʱսᾧ
ַָоʱսᾧʵԴ֮ŵĺģ
һеܣʱսᾧܲɷֵĹϵ
ǧ磡
ַʱ̻ΪһӴ硣ƺƵǧ֮͵Ľٶ¡ַһս̾ͱȫֶΣȫԸ
¡
ǧ֮ƺƵһͷԴϯȥͷԴ޸ղŵѾɢַһЩǧ֮ǽֻ൱ַһǧ֮ˡ
ַȫǧ֮ϯǧ綼ٺôʵ˲ߡ
Դ޵ȻԴУŭһſ죬·һУ͵˳ȥַǧݺײȥ
һײͼַǧ綼
ַǧҵţַһǧȻھҵ𵴣֪ǧơ
˵ϵơ
ǾǷͽֶΣǺյУѲ֮һͬ׵ߣû˭ԸϽ
ַǧ类ͷԴ޵ݺһײоҵ𶯣ȴûƿǧ磬ҲζţͷԴ޵ʵʵҲͨ߰ˣֻһͷͨԴޡ
ַ忿ǧ֮εѹסͷԴޡ
ˣ
ַǧĽ٣ڣǧݺݵѹ£ͷԴ޶С
һǧ֮ڣǿɾˡ
ǣַǧ֮ڣʱճӣʱճ֮Уʱ
ֻҪַǧ粻ƣôԴ֮ڵʱչѹƣ޷ǧڵʱճκӰ졣
Ҳ˵ǧ֮ڣַʱܹӳǿܣ
ѹ
ַһʱʱճ͵ķɳŹֱӽٶ£ûκͣͽͷԴѹʱ֮С
ѹˣ
ַ忴ſտҲǧ磬ƺúɡ
ʵϣҲȷɡ
ַ忪ʼ֣ٵʱԴѹֻмʱ䡣̿ƺܸӣʵȴɡ
ѵͷԴ̫
ַ岢á
ʵϣͷԴϵϢ֮ǰʱͷԴʵûжĲ
׵ӣնɱͷԴޣһҲɡ˵ͷԴַ̫̫ǿ
˵ַЩԴޣ
ףַĽϵһЩ⡣
ֻҪǧ֮ڣԴǲκӰģҲ˵ֻҪԴ޵޷ǧ磬ô˲ѹԴޡ
ͨԴ˵޽⡣
ַǧ磬ͬ׵ҪһӴƣѣþ߱ѹһӴַǧ硣
ҲǿԴ޲У
ǿԴޣַ岻
ˣʱ˵ַ岻кܴΣգȻǰҲȥЩǿԴޡ
ǧʱͨԴޣ޽⣡
ַǼҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
٣ѾͨԴ޵ʵǿԶԸģӦĺܺá͵ÿʱսᾧˡ
ַһð켫ɽԸԴޣɲֻΪԴ޵ʵҪǣҪʱսᾧ
볢һ£ʱսᾧк
ǣַ彫ʶʱ֮С
˿̣ʱ֮УͷԴѾѹסˣңΧͬʱչޡֻЩʱչޣǲʱ൱ĴڡΣ¸
ȥ
ַһʱʱչ˱ѹԴޣת˲Դ޾ͱ˺ƬֻһžӨ͸ӣȻʱսᾧ
ַһӣʱսᾧ䵽ַС
ʱսᾧ
ַʱսᾧоЩһϤȻʱ֮Ĳ
ʱ֮һЩ¶
ʹʱսᾧİ취ܼ򵥣ַҲѾˣǾǾֱʱսᾧУȻܻʱ֮
٣͵ÿˡ
ǣַûԥʱսᾧС


1883 ոΣ
ţ
ַľʱսᾧ󣬶ʱʱսᾧŹһȦȦַʶ
ʵһϢ
ӴϢĳַʶʶľ뵽֮УȻܱʶȴɱıϢӰ졣
Ȼַʱ뿪Ϣ߿ž޴ĺô
ַͷ·ࡱʱյĺһһ̣·ʱ֮ޱȵ׽ޱȵС
ַѾʱ֮״̬֮£ƺҲʱ֮һȫ¶ֱ۵ʶ
ˣ
ܿ죬ʱսᾧͻΪ촷ۣɢˡ״̬Ҳʱսᾧʧʧ
ַ·ȻʧĸоͺʧȥʲôĶһ
ʱսᾧȻ
ַţ˸һ˿â
ԭԴ֮ڣʱ֮һЩɡϾַԼʱ֮ʱ֮Ҫжôѡ
ǰʾһ飬Ҳ޼¡
ߣ򣬲ߣķʱ䣬Ҳ޷
Դ֮ڣʱսᾧȻ侳ĸо
ַоֻҪ㹻ʱսᾧ˵һ˶ʱ֮ʱ֮ļʽ
ϡ
ɲҪСɣգ˵ɣһ˵꣬Ԫûܹʱ֮ʱ֮жôѡ
һɻᣬʱ֪֮˶ôܣ˵ɵĻˡ
ַҲͨԴڵʱսᾧһţʵַ˵û̫á
ֻһĴˡ
ʵϣҪַʱ֮ǿ٣ǲá
ȻĿǰʱսᾧַû̫ʵЧͨԴڵʱսᾧ
ǿԴأ
ֻߣԴڵʱսᾧأ
ַѾ̶ֳȵʱսᾧкַԤ⣬¼Ƕַʱ֮ߣкܴá
ףԴʱƺһЩʱչ޶ǿһЩ
ַϸһ̽ʱȷǿһ㡣ֻǿĲԣȷǿһ㡣
仯Щʱչޡ
Щʱչޣ࣬Щܶɱٽˡ
Ҫ֪ʱչҪɱ䣬Ƕǵÿʱɱ䣬ôʱչ޲ܹɱ䣬ڣʱչ޾Ȼǿˡ
ĪΪԴʱչޣͬԴ֣ͬ
ַ뵽ֿܡ
߼һģһΨһ𣬿ܾǲˡʱչʱڣܹɱΣû塣
ԴܲԴ֮ڣֻҪɱǾͳ׵ˡ
˫Ĺͬ
ʱڣʱĹ
Դ֮ڣԴ֮ŵĹ
˫ͬ˱˴˵Ĳ졣
Ȼʱչܹǿɱ䣬ַ˵һ¡ʱܹǿҲǺһ
Դ֮ڣߵǳϡ٣Դ޵ȴܶࡣԺʱ㲻ֽԴֻҪɱԴޣҲɱˡ
նɱԴޣһʱսᾧкβͬ
ַֻǻһʱսᾧĿȫ棬Ҫøʱսᾧ
ǣַ켫ɽΧϵѰԴޡ
켫ɽΧҲȷԴޣհ˵Դ֮ҪնɱͨԴ޶ѣҪһʱսᾧСĽƻȫ
ַ˵Ѿŵ޵ǧ磬ϿǧڷӳȫܵʱԸͨԴޣǼֱ
ȫ޽⣡
ˣַ켫ɽΧǺɨѹ
ͨԴޣǧ磬ʱɱӶһһŵʱսᾧ
һššš
ַɨһʱ䣬ɱʮͷԴޣʮʱˮƽÿɱһͷԴޡ
Чʣƿֲ
ƽʱһհСĽҪʱϣпܻʮʱˮȴַһµʱˡ
ĳϣֶַΣȫЩԴޣֱЩǿհնɱԴ޻Ҫɡ
ַ켫ɽΧ޼ɵɨЩͨԴޣڻ켫ɽԴ޵ע⡣
򣬴ǿԴޣ
ַһֱС̤벽ô޼ɵɨɽܲ켫ɽԴ޵ע⡣
䣡
Ȼ켫ɽضɽҡһɿµƳ𣬷·пֲһ㡣
ǿԴޣ
ַɫ͵һ䣬ļµĸоոʱսᾧġ˷ܡУûʶǱǿԴ޸ˡ
һ̣һֻ޴צӣ·˿ռ䣬̼ͳַǰ
ַһ˿Σյĸо
ΣգΣգ
ַ嶼ĸо
Ҳ˵һצ䵽ַϣпܣַ䡣
ǧ磬͵סһצ


1884 һ㣡
ǿԴޣһͷǿԴޣ
֮ǿֱ󳬳ַԤϡЩԴޣߵӡʵͣյ֪Уû֪ЩԴ޵Ŀ¡
յУַкְܶ취á
Դ֮ţȴܱÿǸԵ֪󡣲ڸٹ̵֪⣬һʱҲѸǱĬĲܹ
ַ֪켫ɽǿԴ޵Ĵڣһֱȴûеʲô̫Ҫ¡
ƺǱʶУΪǿԴûжôˣҲԴݵ뿪
ڣǿԴޣַ֪ˣش
һַ̣žҵΣ
ס
ַĵǧ磬ǧ磬ЩͨԴޣƺһΣһͷǿԴʱȴԵôĴ
һצ͵ץ£ַǧ类˲˺ѣ޴צӣץַǧڵĺģ޴ʱճ֮С
ǧ类˺ѣԴ֮ڵʱչҲʼѹַʱճӡ
һʱ䣬ʱճӶȣʼҵĲƺʱһʱճӶˣַ˵ǿɾ֮֡
Ȼʵȴֻж̶̵ʱ䡣
ಣ
ڣַ߶ۡ
͵һ漴ַʧӰ٣ֻһֻ޴צӣɽ̽һž޴ͷ­ƺϻһ˿ɻı顣
գֻ޴צҲ˻ȥ켫ɽָֻƽƺһжûзƵģְ
ˣ
˿̣Դ֮ڵĳգһȦȦѸɢһҷ۳˿УȻۡ
ַڻЩδϽþ鿴һܣƺûʲôΣգѾԶ켫ɽ
ַϸһ£׵ɽѾûжԶľˣɴֱӳɽ˻ȥ
ȻصɽûȥݷףֱӾչء
һˡ
ַ鿴ǧһǧ磬Щ̫ãصǿԴһצץˣʵץҲʲôǧָܻܿ
ؼǧڵĺʱճӱ¶Դ֮УܵԴ֮ʱչѹơ
ʱճܵһӰ졣
ʱܵӰ죬νʧأúķһʱ侲ޣܹĻָ
ַһЩָǧĶĵرǲ̫ġ
ҲַһѣԴ֮ںΣգڵʵͨԴޣǿԴޣǻжԶӶԶ
ֻǣԴ֮ڣԴ޷ãַҲﵽһޣʵʵĻԴ֮ڣԶҲ޷ԸǿԴޡ
ߣ󲿷հ޷ԸǿԴޣֻܿɱͨԴ޻ʱսᾧĻʱ֮
ַȴ
ңͨԴ޵ʱսᾧЧվޣûЧԶԴ֮ڣ޷κ
ⲻַҪĽ
ʵ
ַ尵¶˾ġ
ַڵҪԴ֮ʵĻֻһ취ǿʱ֮Ŀʱչѹơ
ֻҪʱչѹƣʩչʱӶʵ
ⲻʵǡͷšʵ
հҲģǿʱ֮򣬵һĳ̶ʱͿԿʱѹƣӶԴǿܡ
磬ǰֻܶĳɵܡ
ʱ֮΢ʱչôͿԶԴ߳һʵͱǿ
ַҲְ취
ңԴ֮ڣǿʱ֮򣬲翵ģǿԿʱսᾧʱ֮
ʱսᾧһʮţϣܹһ㾪ϲɡ
ַš
һ켫ɽУȻΣգ䣬ջҲǼ٣ʮʱսᾧ
ףԴ֮ڻô꣬Ҳûл۵ʮʱսᾧ
ˣַ廹ƵģͨԴޣɨǿڴ󲿷ֵհԴ֮ڵıˡ
ʮʱսᾧַҲǼ˺ϣܹʱ֮һЩЧΣַԼҲʵһԲ֪
ϾַȻҲƣڲͬ
ΨһһλյУѾʱ֮ߣ
ʼɡ
ַһʼ˵һʱսᾧС


1885 ʱ֮׶Σ
ˣ
ַľ˵һʱˮС
ʵϣַϣڶʹʱˮȻһЩãַоûô档
ϾʹʱˮЧҲ˶ġЩûʱ֮ߣʹʱˮЧܺá
ַѾʱ֮Ҷʱ֮˵ʱˮҲȫ˵ûЧЧȴۿۡ
ϣʱ֮Ϊ׶Ρ
һǾûнӴʱ֮ڳʱ֮еĹ̡׶εģҲ൱ܻϸĻַ֡岢Ҫ
ڶ׶ξʱ֮
ַڵڶ׶Σʱ֮󣬽ֻʱվֹʱ֪Ľ׶Ρ
׶Σǿʱռ١ʱյˡ
ĸ׶ΣӦþǿ˹ȥδˣܹδ׶ΣѾ޵Ľӽʱհˡ
׶Σ¾ǳʱ֮ﵽľ磬ѳʱ֮⣬õ㣡
ǵȴʵ̫̫٣ַҲ֪ôһʱ֮شڡ
Ȼ׶νַֻԼʱ֮֡澿ûһЩַҲ
ֻһŵĻ֣һ֮԰ˡ
ַ֣Ӧôڵ׶ΡʵϣַڿʼԴδİˣ˵򣿻֪жôңԶ
ַ彫ʱսᾧڣֽ״̬Уͷ·ʱ֮ڣʱյİء
ֻǣЩʱհأַʵѾ
ûôֱ۵ʱհأ״ַ̬ܹʱհһһΣ׵׵͸
һޱȹ̣պҪһҲҪҪһЩ
һšššĿšš
ַʹһһŵʱսᾧʱѾȥ꣬ȴʼûַ壬ƺһжôƽ
˿̣ȴԶԶַסƺ˼ʲô
ûгô켫ɽõ˶ٿʱսᾧ
ʵҲ𺳡
ַǰ켫ɽʵûô⡣հոսԴ֮ڣʵܹӵʵһ㡣
ӦԴ֮ŵĹհǲܽķӳʵˣʵҲ൱һԴްˡ
ӦһЩֶΣܹնɱԴޣﵽ׵ĳ̶ȡ
׸Ӧ켫ɽ˿ֲĴսǿԴ޳켫ɽΧ
¿ɲκһͷǿԴޣǼһѡҲԲȥǿԴޡ
켫ɽֱʣ²⣬ðȥ̽һһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
Ȼûʱ֮޷ʱݡ
׶켫ɽֳƲ⣬켫ɽǿԴ޳ֵģȻһߣ
켫ɽߣֻиոսԴ֮ŲõĻַ壡
ʵ̫ˣַ壬һͷǿԴ޳֣
ңͷǿԴޣûߣôܣ
ֻߣַһǿԴޣ͸Ӳˣʵַܵƽ켫ɽ
ˣһʱ䣬ԭΪַһеףָоַϣһصɴʼն޷ƿ
ÿһλհܲ򵥣ҲСַ塣
ںַ֪徿켫ɽõ˶ٿʱˮַǱôʱ䣬ôʱˮ϶١
ⲻͷȡ
ַʱսᾧַȻʵôǿôòҪַ彻񣬷Ļ׶һַĶ֡
٣޷һͷǿԴ޵ǰߡ
ʵôǿôǸطҲǲȥˡ
׵ţдһ˿
ǣ׼ȴţһַչأͻῪżɽ˵ļƻ


ַǧ磬ʱճӼһ
ɷǱѰ
ǰַʱճӣ϶ǧţʱճҲţϾʱճǧĺһپһ
ʱճӵţַ廹û
ڣַʱճӣĵһϣǧȴﵽ˼ޣûһ˿
ַʱսᾧЧ
ңʱսᾧЧɲֻбϿô򵥡
ʮʱսᾧַʱ֮ʵû١ȴַʱ֮⣬һһεĻۡ
ǳ͸
Ҳ˵صȥʧҲʱ֮ǰʱֻ֮ǽҺ⡣
ַĽʱ֮򣬻ΪԼһ֣


1886 ʱʯ
켫ɽ֪ʲôʱһȺ֮͡ǴˣϢǿֳԴ
յУҲհ
ֻǣһ켫ɽǳĬ׼ץΧɱһЩԴޣ켫ɽѰһȦûܷκһͷͨԴޡ
ô£켫ɽԴôˣ
֣켫ɽԴޱȱȽǣΧ
ѵɱˣ
˭ôɱôԴޣԴ֮ڣʩչǿԴʵǿţɱͨԴޣ˵ûκ塣
ǲǳʲôʣҪҪȥ򿴿
ߣƣƶ˼ƻԭ׼һ˭뵽ȴһ
ԾĺۼȷǱɨˣֻǲʵ
ҷֻ֣һ˵ټ
һܺɨôԴޣףǿԴ޳ֵټ
ߵıԽԽˡ
ǿԴޣԴ֮ڣһɻ⡣ܹԸǿԴ޵ߣǳϡ١
Դ֮ڣھԵĶǿˣ
ּƺǿԴһ֣ԷѾˣ˵ܶԷûпǿԴ޵ʵ
ûпǿԴ޵ʵȴ¾ͨԴޣⱾͺ֣Щìܡ
ԽԽŹˣҪҪǶʱʯ
ʱʯǲЩ̫˷ˣǿǻǺܴĴ۲Ź򵽵ġ
ָоһΣǻջǹʱʯΪڹؼʱʹҾãھʹõʱ򡣡
໥ջǾʱʯ
ʱʯ˼壬ܹʱ⡣һ£ֻҪʱ֮ߣܹʱݡ
Դ֮ţʱչѹƣʱ֮ڵ׶εߣҲʱݡ
ǵĽ׶ʱ֮ߣܹǿʱֵ֮סһʱչѹƣӶʱݡ
öʱʯˣһλĽ׶εĶߣʱ֮Ӷı
Ҳܼ򵥣ʱһķΧ
λȻԴۼȴ߰ȻҪһǿʱսᾧҪͨʱսᾧҲ
ôһʱʯλһġ
˵ǣһףʼʹʱʯ
ˣ
ʱʯʼɢɵĹâס켫ɽΧͬʱĳʼѸٵĻݡ
˿һߣҲƺдɱͨԴޣ֪˶ʱսᾧ
ǾǿԴޣǧһ֮ʣ֮յĲߡ
ʱʯҲױΪ촷ۡ
Ϊߣһȴɫ죬ƺ뵽˳˼С
ˡܣ
ãײŻڣ˵
ʵϣʱݵУǲжôǿҲȫûչʾܹѹͨԴ޵ʵ
ȴƫƫЩԴס󣬾ͳ׽ˡ
ⲻǹŹʲô
пܣһԴܹһܹʱչѹ֮ʩչܣˣȫסЩԴޡķȴǿҲһ㡣
ǻᣬǵĻᡣһԴɨͨԴޣǵõֱ󡣡
ʵ̫ǿܺɨԴޣֻ˵ǼԴ⡣˲֮ͬ£˲Ϣ佫նɱʱǼԴǵˡ
һֱСģȴ١ƴһѣôǧѷĻᣬǴǿϧ
λ߶Ķˡ
ʱʯʹˣβһʻʧأοߵһЩƵҲ˲٣ôǧѷĻᣬȻ
ǣϸߵʵƺȷһ㡣
ߵʵܹǿԴޣǿǿԴޣ˿¶ǳɵ
ʱݵĻ浱УǿصߣڶԸǿԴʱԵ÷ǳ
ôһ㣬΢һ㣬͵
ˣƺһܹռı⵹Щ鷳
ٺ٣Դܹ֮ռ䣬ȷܲǿȥʱսʯȻ۴һЩչһ㡣
д˵ݣҲҪ
λߣյУǺպհȻǳСģԻῼǵ棬ȫ׼Żᶯ֡
ãȻҶˣǾȥɡ
׳˵ĿҲ˸һ˿âƺһ˿ڴ


1887 ׵ܣ
ţ
֮еַ壬ȻƺУ͵һӾѡ
ô£Ѫ
ַüͷ
ڸոգƺھޣʱ֮ȴѪĸоƺʲôйء
ϸ鿴ʲôûз֡
ʱ֮Щɶ·δһЩ仯
δ
ַüͷ塣زȻҪŵĽ׶ǰĿǰַʱ֮ڵ׶Ρ
Լֵ׶Σеĸ׶Σδ֮Ŀǰַ壬ֻδ֮ûʲôͷ
ֻżЩѪδƬΡⲻַʱ֮ѾԼԼһ㾳硣ֻǣ޷ˡ
Ȼ޽ӽ͸ٿٸԪҲûκôʱ֮ˣǱˣǾһͷˮ
һΣַûܹõδƬΣȴѪƺδľʾⲻַ徯
Ǽʲô·ˣ
˼⣬ַҲ֪Ҫĥ͸δ֮췽ҹ̷ڵԶԶﲻֵز
Դ֮ţܹﵽֵزģҲָ
ûУҲһδ֪
ǿȳؿһ
ַ屻ѪѣԲˣǳؿ
ոճأױõϢϾĵ̣ʲô紵ݶױȻǵһ֪ˡ
ǣǰݷá
ףûǳˡһǱޣջСɣ
Ŀ˸žâַϴšȻַû¶ʲôȴܸоַϳһ˿仯ӦǴջ
ϾƲ⣬һַ켫ɽõʱսᾧɲ١
ʲôջ񣿲ǱһʱˣӦӦԴ֮ڵĹ򡣶ˣⷬǰ£
ַ忴ǰ֪Էһ¡
ȷһЩ£Ҫͻһ
ŶкηԸֱԡ
˶׿˿ַ壬ջһҧף֮ǰС㡣أܵԸԴ˰ɣܶԸֹһͷ
Ŀ⾼Ķַ塣
˽أַ岻ÿɷҲûлشֻƽף֪׵Ҫʲô
׼ַ岻شȻôһ£ѾˣƲ⣬붼ȷġ
ǣ׼˵Դ֮ţѾʮԪʱ䣬Ϊֹʱ֮ϣȴûʲôɾͣûţ˵ʱ֮ˡǼȥʮԪʮԪϰٸԪҲʱ֮
ˣðգȥһƿ׵ĶջһŤתĿǰľƿ׵ĶΣأһˣû̫İգˣһ𣬽ƿ׵Ķ֪Σ
˵꣬ױڴַ塣
ƿ׵Ķ
ַüͷ
է֪ʲôƿף
׵ĽַͣҲ˽ƿ׵ԭƿһǿߡȻָԴܷ֮ӳʵ
ƿ׶նɱһЩǿԴޣνպա
ֻǣʱ֪֮ΪʲôͻȻˡ
ƿΪζ䣬ա
ƿ׵ȷѾˣĶȴô꣬Ѱҹƿ׵Ķȴһ
ףȻҵƿ׵ĶܽСģô꣬϶ҲԹһ£ֻϧ޷붴֮ڣҲ޷õ֮еı
ȻģӵɽȴֿտաѾԴ֮ųʮԪѾĥ⡣
ô̵У֪£ܹʱ֮޵հҲ͡
ǣ׿ַʵвһ׼ַ塣Ȼַ壬ҲǶ෽۲죬ַԷģž롣
һλǿԴ޵߶ʵַûôȤ
ΪҪðգ
ǧ磬ʱͨԴޣѹɨͨԴޣԴԴϵĻʱսᾧ
ֻЧһˡ
ƺַԥ׼˵ףƿ׵Ķ֮УпܻǿʱսᾧǿʱսᾧԶԶͨʱսᾧҪǿöࡣңʱ֮һʵͨʱսᾧٶ࣬ҲκˣҪƷʵʱսᾧС
׵һַ˳ĬС


1888 ƿݶ
Ʒʵʱսᾧ
ַš
ھ˼Ҳûдַ壬ھ͵ַԼ˼
ʵϣַԼҲˣʹʮʱսᾧֻͨʱսᾧֻĻȹ̡
൱ʱ֮¡һ飬ʱ֮ױԼĶ˭Ҳ޷ߡ
һΣҲаʱ֮
ֻǣһַ廹ʱ֮٣ЩͨʱսᾧЧҲˡ˵һ̶ȣͨʱսᾧûκá
ȻҪǿʱսᾧһǵȥðսƿ׵Ķ֮Уһ취ǾðղɱǿԴޡ
ַֻ弸ûֿܡ
ǰַ廹Ĵҡ
Դ켫ɽַǿԴ֮ͼûֿˡһͷǿԴޣ׾٣һ˲佫ַɱǧ磬Ҳᱻ˺Ƭ
ַ嶼ûжʱѹĻᡣ
ȿֲĴڣóȻȥǴһ˿ҶС
ֱȥƿݶðջҪΣա
ãַ̧ͷĿһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ʲôʱ
ַӦˣ״ϲʱܳ
ַ˵ͷƿݶ֮еҶԲҪǿʱսᾧΣҵҪһţϣǾƽֻ֣һǿʱսᾧĻøң
ַ˵
ǾãҪȽЩ¶Ժ鷳˺֡
ˬĴӦˣ˵ͷû⡣
ʵϣʱ֮ϣŶûСҪͨʱսᾧǿʱսᾧ
ʱսᾧƷԽߣЧԽãҲҪΡ򲻵λʹøƷʵʱսᾧ˷ѣ𲻵ʲô̫Ч
ãǾ˵ˣʱܳ
׵˵ͷǣԼʱ䣬ͳʱڣ˶ٺúõ׼һ
ַûʲô׼ģֻǳŶʱ֮ȴ޷áǧڵʱճҲ޷Ի
ʮʱսᾧʵûַʵֻǽʱ֮Ļȹһˡ
ˣַҲҪǿʱսᾧʱ̡֮٣ԷӳһЩʵ
ʵַѾ˼ƻ
ʱʱչѹ̫󣬼ԻʵսУַǧ磬Щв
ʱַҪһЩԴ
ͨԴʵ𲻵ʲôãʱչѹƵģҲǿԴǶԴá
ԴѣκһԴյУһλհˣ
Դ֮ڣƺԴҪյж࣬Ҳ֪ģԴ֮١
ңǶԴҲһǿַսףҲհյкպ
Դ֮УʵҲֻܷӳͨԴ޵ʵˣȻڵףҲôǿ
ˣԴ֮ʵǺѡ
Ȼַ岻һַȱһʵԴʱ֮Ѿ˵׶ΣӽĽ׶Ρ
ǻԴ˵ܷӳԴǿ
ȻҲַĲ²⡣
ңҲ׿˵
ʱ֮Դ֮ڣҲʵǿҲΪַԴ̫⣬ʱ̺ʱ̫֮࣬ʱչѹƵġ
ˣ¾ַʱ֮Ҳ޷ʹʱ
Ҳûзַ֣ʱ֮û˭ܹյУʱ֮Ǽֱ췽ҹ̷بδС
ַǰ
ף׼׵ˡ
ַ˵ͷʱԳ
Ǻãھͳ
Ѿ׼׵ǣַףڿն𣬳зȥܿ뿪ɽ塣
ȣײûиַ壬ƿݶľλáҲһַأ
Ȼһ뵽ƿݶʵַҲ̡ܶҲ׼ַ΢ĸӦڣƺ̺һɿֲ
һַһЩв
ⲻַһ
Դ֮ڴô꣬Ҳһ٣׼ĺ֣ܳһЩѹ׵ֶΡ
Ȼ򲻵ѣַҲѡ˺Ƥ˫ܹӮһЩе˼׼һЩѹ׵ֶΣַҲη塣
ˣ
ŷ˼ʱ׺ȻָͣǰһƵɽ˵


1889 
ˣ
ַ۾΢΢һУǰɽ壬ֻûиӦʲôԴ֮Уʱ̵ַ֮ĶС
ӦҲʵ
˿ֱӴַɽ֮ϣƺʩչĳصӡ͵һȵ
¡¡
ɽ嶼𶯣ţһĶУǺԶľ룬ܹӦ
ˣƿ׵Ķ
׺ܼô죬ڵȵһա
ǽȥɣȻôĶǱ˷ˣɱ˽ȵǡ
ַ˵ͷƿ׵ĶһǶɲСΧǡˣǾͺױ֣뾡룬ûܹջ
ǣ̻Ϊһ⣬ɽ˶֮С

ಣ
׵ɽǰ͵ķ⣬׷׻ΪһӰ
ΪߣȻף
ˣǻѵľ޴ۣ㵽ˣ鱨ʾӦһ׵ߵгɣ
׵֮ء֮ǰĴ̽ףʵֻǺͨհյУպԴ֮ţͲʲôˣǿһͷͨԴ޵ʵ֮׾پܽѹ
ǵ㣬λصߣӦòססеһλߣǵСĽ
ߣһμУʱսʯǶƵʱսܹԴ֮յıҲ˲ܴ˾ʲôֶΣӲ
ҪСĽһЩöԷߡţȲô󣬽ɽ嶼ΧɣɱŹ
ʱһ£λ̲÷󣬽ɽ嶼Χ
¡
ɽ΢΢һһʹѾóɹˡ
ô£
ɽΧסˣǷ󣿡
ʲôôܻзΧɽ壿
죬Ͻȥס
׺ͻױ뿪ˣ֪١
󡭡
ɽ嶼ˣɽ֮ϣһЩͨߣµһЩͨߣŮ֮ࡣ
Ǿʧ룬ǿϮѾʧȥ˷ִ硣
Դ֮ţûжԴǼǴ粽СˣҲֻܴɽ֮ϣǿϮȴû˿ķ֮
ֻһ׷Ϣϣܹϻ
ɽ֮ϾʧһĻ߶һһСüͷԾôһ㷴ӦûУ
ҲûиӦκǿߣĪǣ߶ɽ֮У
ȥץһʾ֪ˡ
ǣһߣץɽеһŮϸѯʡ
ǿߣŮѾʧ˷ִ磬ʧ£ʱش𣬲κ
һףһǻף
ոսԴ֮ţ׶ǳ
ˣصĻףҪҵˡ
Ѿ뿪ˣ֪ȥ
Ѿ
½ץһЩѯʣһ˵ǡ
ҪҵˣӦþǻסֻǣ׵˾ȵǣ׾ȻǸոսԴ֮ŵġˡ
ʵЩ˼顣
Ŀ˸һ˿âصĺ׶֪׵ϸţȥ˶֪ѵֻã
ףҲû˰취
Դ֮ʵ̫ˣңҪĻ⿿ǸĳʲôϢһ׼ĺ֣ܳҲ㣬ҲǸ˾޴ĴۣĻۣһΪС
ˣһǿɲ׼ֶ顣
ȥɽҿʲô
һ֣ȷɽѾûΣպ󣬱ɽڴѹɽڵķǰûʲô̫á
ֻǣѹһѾɫˡ
׺ܡλ߿ѹֻƫƧ֮ؽˣԴ֮ųʮԪʱ䣬ôҲӲ֤ˣ׵ʵȷǲô
ĻԲˡ
¡¡
Щ߳ŭʱͻȻоҵ𶯡ԿԶգɢĽɫâնӳճ˽ɫ
дΪ𺳡
⡭ʲô
Դ
񣬵Щĳ
ȵȣ룬Ƭţйƿ׵Ķ𣿡
ƿ׵Ķˣ׵ķѰһЩƿ׵ϣѵ
һʱ䣬ƺµ࣬Ŀޱȵķ
ߣ
׼ûκԥһʱͳɽ壬ԶӰȥ


1890 
ৣ
ַѾƿ׵Ķ֮Сոս붴ַͲһЩ̫ˡ
ʱչѹƣࡣ
ַ૵Ļʱ֮Եӡ
ûгŵʱ֮ûбҪ
Уַ岢ûиܵʲôв
⣡ףҪȥ⵱УƿףǿǺպհնɱ˲٣Ҳʱ֮Ϊ̡ı⵱У´Ųٵı
˷ܵ˵
ȷƿ׵պգǿԴ޶նɱǵöǿַ岻֪ƿʱ֮ϴﵽĸ׶ΣӦò
Ҳǵ׶Σ
ǿԴȷǳǿַʵʱ֮ϵѾܲˣ˰˳ϵհ
ǷȱģֻһǿԴ
ʱǿɱǰȴԴ֮ڵʱչѹƵģ޷ã޷ܡ
ƿôǿôģ
ַʵ
ҡҡͷƿ׺ͻȻ֮ˣҲûκףǳ֡Ҳǧ֮գֻ֪ƿһǶҲûгΪ˵ˡһǽ뵽˶֮УŪƿΪˡ
ַ˵ͷƿ䣬ȷš
ȻѾƿ׵Ķ֮УҲϣ֪ƿԭǣ˼̽
Ĺܼܺ򵥣ûףַҲ֪ڵ
ʵҲΣգΪڤڤУӦһЩΣգЩųٳûн뵽֮С
ΣգҸоΣգڱ⸽
Խǽӽ⣬׾ԽСĽڤڤѾӦΣգַȴûʲôо
Ⲣ˵ַʵףǡǡ෴ΪַǿףΣյĵطַ˵Ͳֵһˡ
ݣ
ʱһĹâ˲䳯ַ׷
ַ壬Ҳļµĸо
׸ٴУĴ߶Դ
¡
׵ԴȻֵסâһײɣֱӳ׵ȥһУ׾Ƶֵס
ã׾ҡ
״ʧɫ
һΣѾ׼ˣû뵽ΣգҾôһμ򵥵ĹȻͲС
ţ
ַɫ΢΢һ䡣
ʵâȷǿȴſǧ磬ƾâ뵽ǧ統С
ڹâǧһɲǣͳ׹رǧ硣ʱճ˲併٣סâʱ֮˲ĥˡ
ˣַͲһ˿в˵ȴǵֵסĿֲȣ׾ˡ
ַ嵱Ȼȡǧ΢΢һţ˲㽫ǵâУΡ
ףôˣ
ַſס
ʱףΪǱɫҲ𾪵ַ塣û뵽ַ壬Ȼ׾پͻΣ
ˣ𾪣ַлҪǿһҪַ壬һƿ׵ĶǷǳȷġ
ǵƲס̰һ˽ƿ׵Ķ¾ڷˡ
лл׵Ĵȡⶴ̫֮ΣˣֱΣ
׵ڶЩ£ĴţֻʲôΣա
ַŸղŹâֵĵطһ޴ŻŻԣһԴ
Դ
ַһ۾Ϳ˳ȻǶԴĻ֮£ȻҲܱѷڶԴܡ
ʵҲܼ򵥣ƿ׵Ķʱչѹƾͼ࣬ûѹơ
෴ѹƣѹƱƿ׶ѹơ
˳֮£׽ƿ׵ĶȻΣأַ˵ȴٺòˡ
ΪʱѹƼָܻһЩʱ֮ʱƿ׵Ķѹ֮ʲô
ƿ׵Ķ֮ڣַܷӳʵһͷǿԴޣ
߰ɣЩΣղʲôǽ뱦⡣
ַǧ֮ܣԽǿ⣬ΧԴͲϵıֲĹâ
ַɵĻ⡣
ܿ죬ַ˱ǰһ֣ԴⲻôǿԴôҲԴַȻ˷ѡ
ҿ
ַһתǧ֮ݺݵһӡʯ֮ϡ
¡
ʱʯžҵ𶯣ǿֱһ˿˿ƣͬ֩ƵģȻ


1891 Դ
ֱַԡ飬¶˱ģ
ַ׶̤С
䱦ܴ󣬶ġҡڱĴϣϣڷһЩʯͷҲƺû˿ļֵ
ȴϲ
ʱշʯȻǷʯʱ֮µܼԪ󣬾ܳΪʱսᾧȻתʱȽϵͣôʱշʯгʱܹ֮תϰٿʱսᾧǲ˼飬ƿףȻܹռôʱշʯ
Ȼ˷ܡ
ƽʱҪһʱսᾧѣ˵ôʱշʯҪгʱܹ֮ϰٿʱսᾧˡ
ȻҲúķʱ䡣
ַͲЩʱշʯһ˳ˮȻЩʯǾȫɡ
ƺַͲЩʱշʯҲûпֱӾȫȥնɱԴޣϣʱսᾧȻ˷ѡ
ַ壬˵֮ǰ׻ַ࣬һЩֶζһЩôڣԴӾ˸ղŵΣַ֮һƵģͻΣﻹ֪Ͳַ֪ĵϸ
ҲԶԶַ֪徿жôֲ
Կ϶ַ϶ԶԶǿպȻлøʱսᾧЩʱշʯҲ
ڴеıкܶ࣬ʱշʯ⣬ľһЩĲϡһЩĵرƶĲϡ
зȵȡ
֮κһλ߽ͨһǳ˷ܣЩַУȴƲϣɴ״ˡ
ȻһЩĵرַòϣһЩǧܵˣôЩĵرôҲָܻһǧ硣
ڵıѹһˡַ岢㣬ܿ϶бȴĶһڱ֮С
ǣַ彫Ŀһ֮СڱڣЩңȻÿһУ¶һЩıƿ׶ı
ַףվ˵һǰεǧ֮Ϊһֱֻ֣Ӵҡ
ˣ
Ҵ򿪵һɲǣʱʮɫȻǽԴ
ԴԴʮԴ
۾ˣʮԴһӶûмôԴʵϲױסˣַ壬Ҳ𺳡
ԴǶһһģȴʮԴֱЩԴֻͨԴˣȴġ
֮ǰǵԼһһ롣
ַҲûж̵˼һ£һаʮļԴǣһһ룬ֵʮԴ
ʮԴֻͨԴԴ֮ڣһͨԴܱѹƵޣ٣ҲܷӳһЩ٣ӳһǲκġ
ֻҪʱ֮ôʱչѹƾͲôпܷӳ߰˳ɵʱ򣬾ͻϺհԴ֮ڵʵˡ
һЩߣǿͨԴӶһʼˡϮȻ٣ƺҲûС
ˣͨԴԴ֮ڣҲһļֵ
һң˵õôġϲôڶأ
һΣ׺ַ壬ڵڶңȻڴࡣ

ַҲԥ˵ڶҡ
ˣ
ڶһ򿪣ַ嶼ܵһ˿ѹ˿ѹܵĵȷȷѹ
֮УİڷŶʮԴ
ÿһɢſֲϢԶͨԴϢַ嶼һ˿ѹ֪Ƕôǿ
⡭ǿԴ
Щˡ
յУǺպհõǿԴʵҲָ
ô飬ɶѳɶѵİڷһǿԴ
ңͨԴͬǿԴȻǵڶԴ֮ڣҲܷӳȽǿˡ
٣ʱ֮ôǿԴͲѷɫһλûʱ֮հʵˡ
˵Դܷ֮ӳʵ
ʵϣԴ֮ڣհûô࣬ΪԴơÿһԴǼգ֮
ɳǿԴˣŶʱ֮Щհ
ʮǿԴֵǣ˵޼֮
õǿߣ
ַ壬綼հʱȴô̰ˣôǿԴҲѱ˼
һʱ䣬ַ֮ձ΢


1892 ԴѪƣ
ʮǿԴһһ룬ףǻǰ֮ǰԼΣ
ãһҧסĵ̰
ǶʮǿԴΪհҲѲ̰Һã׻ûʧȥǣռȨ˭ַ壡
ַʲô˼Σˡ
Ȼ׻׼򲻵ѣľͷʹõƣϾĵƣֻһλᣡ
ַЦˡ
ʵϣʮǿԴȷģҲûж̵˼ǰ֮ǰԼһһ롣
ǣַٴλʮǿԴ
ʮǿԴַ嶼ѡ˹͵һԴƺܳء
ʱ֮΢΢ֱӾͽԴ֮С
ˣ
ԴŹȻʱһԴ֮ŵʱչѹ£Ҳܹǿܡ
֮ǰַƶȷģʱ֮ڵ׶εǵõһԴпǿԴޣ
Ȼַֻƶϡ
ַõǿԴȷͬһ㣬ԴǿԴǲһģûöԴһԲ֪
ֻǣжԴ
ƿףպգܻõڶԴ𣿾Уôڱ⵱УԼ˶ãôܹһЩԵֶΡ
ǣַ׽Ŀ˵Һ˵ı鶼ܸӡ
ңпܿտҲ
Կ
ַ˿漴ǧ֮͵ľסҴţݺһ
¡¡
ҴźȻ򿪣ʯŶܳأڲַͬȴһʱ䶢ڡ
һǾϲӣ۾͵һ
Դ
һеһյƵԴôİڷ֮УƺЩġ
޻ǳʵһ㶼ûо˵Ϣ
ԽԽľ
ƿ׵ңײһЩõĶͲܣ
ৣ
ַһץԴץס֮ԴȻ͵һŻ档
ŻǳֲȻһӾͽַǧ֮ճ˻ҽ
ַĻ治٣ȴδֻ棬εǧ֮ճɻҽ
ַǧεӴԴһ磬ˣַٴʩչǧ֮ԴԴϣ۳һֻ֣εĽյεԴץС
ܵԴҲڲϵ棬ǧ֮ճɻҽϾû˲ݣˣģĵùַ壿
ƿѪưô
յԴƺʲô
Ѫƣ
ַϸһյĻ棬ȷЩѪҲЩˣʵ¡
յĻ棬ַ嶼ļµĸоָоǱȫܣ˲ͽǧճɻҽ
ĶԴַõκԴҪǿ󣬳ʱ
ֲͬԴ
Ѫƣûôʱ֮ʱչѹƣҲֻѹһְˣʱȫѹơ
ѪơŵƿףһЩǿ״սյõ˵ڶԴյѪơѪȴѵƿûн̫ˡ
׾ú֣ʵϣȴޱȵĻȡѪƵĿҲܿǶԴհҲǳġ
ַ彫ѪεץУַ֪Ʋ֡
Ȼ֮ǰûй涨ֻһΣ֮£˺Ƥַ嶯֣Ļ޷õյѪƵġ
ȻˣҲϣ˵ףƿģûнԴǶԴֻһ֮ǰһôѪƣӦУ
Ŷ
ַ忴һףǸܹôѹסĵ̰áһ
Ҫ֪һκ˶
֮ǰַѾó˴ڵбˣھôһԴȻʲá
οףȷҪԴ
ãҾͲˡ
ַѪƣʼ֮ȽףҲҪķʱ䣬ַֻǼһ£Ͷʱճ֮
ļʲô
ѪѾַõˣôĽҲ޿κΡο֮ǰڵıȷһ˵õˡ
Щʲô
ڵļңڶԴ֮ϣǾʲô
һʱ䣬ַ׶ǳڴ


1893 ˣ
ˣ
׼򿪵ļʱȻĴѶʯҵ
Ѷʯ鿴ɫʱ䡣
ףô£
ַ˲Ծæʵ
հҵĶһڱʻ׵䡣
ҵ䣿
ַüͷԴԴ֮źֻʶһλߣͲʶߡ
ô䣿
ʵⲻ£鷳ƿ׶ʵҲЩԶҲˣҵĶʵûжôңԶôĶԷп֪ˣ»ȫʱ򡭡
硣
ַһ򶨲ͬԴ֮ŴʮԪϵʱ䣬߾Ȼľٶ¾Ѿȫ׼仰˵ǾаնԸ׺ַ塣
Էʵ϶ǿ
һǽƿݶ롣
ףǱ취߸ɴ
׳˵
Ķı
ַ忴һףɲ׳ﻮôʱ䣬Ϊƿ׶ȴô׾ͷ
׿һ۵ļңһҧԸΣߣڶºܿͻƿݶһϡ
׺ڱ֮䣬϶ѡ
뿪ܶõҵǾܼҵǡο㲻ƿݶһֵĺõط
ַЦЦ򶨵˵

Ҳһ
ȷƿ׵ĶʱչѹûôǿҶհ˭˭
ԷˣҲвСв
Ǿ͸ϽҰɣˣһսǡ
ַ嵭˵
ʵϣûбôɡ
ڵ֪ߣרʱ֪һս޷⣬ôﳤ̡ܶƿݶߡ
οַҲ˶ԴһԴﻹߣ
ҿ
ַһȣ̽ļҴ򿪡
һ򿪣еıʱַ壬ҲΪ𺳡
ʱսᾧͳͳʱսᾧ
ҶѻСɽĶʱսᾧһҲٿš
ٿʱսᾧǿɾʹͷͨԴްƿףպյףȻնɱôͷͨԴޡ
ҲΪͨʱսᾧƿûʲôˣܹôʱսᾧɡ
ַ׼׹ϷʱȻ͵Ļͷ˱⡣
ಣ
ӰӱĴŷ롣
ʱսᾧ
öʱսᾧηˣ
һƿ׵Ķû뵽ƿ¶Ĵ˵Ȼģһôʱսᾧ
ұˣһҲǱȻǱ˸ϷˡҪǼȻôЩͳͳǵġ
˺Ȼ׵λߡ
ԴӸӦƿݶĶ֮󣬾͵һʱҲзۣٶ죬Ȼܿ͸ϵ˶֮У˱⣬ôʱսᾧ
һʱ䣬ף¶̰֮ɫȻѾı֮
ɫһ䣬ϢʩչԴס
ַ۾΢΢һУϴһ󣬳˵Ƿ׵Ķ׷ĳ䣿
ǻַ壿켫ɽ¼¶ˡû뵽һսԴ֮ŵߣȻܺɨ켫ɽЩͨԴޡΪԴɣϵԴǻ뿪
ʱҲûʲôֱ˵˵
׶һЩɲַ壬û뵽ַȻܹɨ켫ɽΧЩͨԴޡ
ַʵԶԶлҪ¡
ʱЩҡҿûжʲô˼Ļ¾׶༪ˡ
ԷȻַ֪ôǿ鷳
ַ۾΢΢һС
˶Է˼ȻԷ˽ֶΡ
ʵϣַĿǰֶһЩȱݻ㡣磬ÿǧ罵С
Ȼʱ
УرǿԴ˲˺ǧ磬ַǧ綼޷ѹ
ǸʱַʱҲû֮ء
ǧ磿
Ǹ𲻵ʲôãǧǿʵҲͺͨԴʵ൱ܹԸǿĶԴ
Ҳԭ򣬶Էб
һʱ䣬Щ΢ַ֪棬֮ǰĻҲΣˣ
ڵַ壬ѾˣվһַõһԴѪƣ
ף벻ҪԴ
ַȻԱߵʵ
ţ
׶Щ㶣ԡ
ߣжԴնɱǣһԴΣ
ַĻص֮УҲĺ


1894 ʱս

նɱǣ쿪
һҪ֮ϲˣû뵽նɱףⷢƿ׵ĶһΣķˣ
Ϊ׵λߣϿʼһ˿˿ϢԴҲ߶γһɿµѹֶַ
Եģȴû˿׶ֵĴ㣬ʵ˼ѾˣֻҪײ֣ǾͲ׶֡
٣ʱ׶֡
ڴ֮Ժ¡ڣǲᶯ֣ڷַֻ塣
׿һַ壬ԼǼңֿһλߣ˽սȷһѵѡһѡַ干ͬλߣǼп䡣
һ㣬׾Ӧλߣնɱַʵ
Ȼ˽սʵϣʱȴûйȥ١
һΪ
Ȼ׶ˣǹ˸ɲǼ䱬˿ֲȫʩչԴ͵ĺһߡ
ߣȻᣬǾͳȫ㣡
һ漴ƺ֣γһ׶εƣƾ׵Ĺ£ȴĭһ˲飬ȴûκˡ
һӾͽҲС
Ȼ׼ס
ַһֱվڴУƾѹڿҲ֣ѡһߺַ廹˼¶Цݡ
ףûʧ
״ʱž޴ѹЦ˵˵Щʲôãʵ̫ǿǿԴޣƶһսһΣǿ׶༪ˡ
Ȼͳƺʧ䡣̬УȴûаȻеƣҶʮš
֮ǰַ׵ڸܵһ˿˿вǾ׵ĵơ
ַͬҲϸӦһ˿˿вϢȻҲеơǵƣһʩչַĸӦ»׵ռơ
ַڵȣȴŶԷĵơ
Ҳ뿴˾Ϊ׼ʲôֶΣ
ɱ
֣Դͬһֲǵضַ壬ףɸоֲѹϢ
ַ壬Ҳ⿿ǧ磬͵ֵס
ʱ
ַһͺȣʩչʱ
طȻ޷ʩչʱҪʱչѹƵ㣬ûʲô
ƿ׶ͬʱչѹƣȻҪ࣬ʱ֮ܶһ㣬οʱ
ȻʱܶãѹЩߡ
ʱķȴ൱סʱ֮ϵŤԴݺݵַʱ֮ϡ
¡
ַȻ˿
Ҫ֪ʱԶԶûɱ䡣ַĻ֣ʵʱûдﵽԴĵز
ڣʱԴĺȴܲɽǶôµ飿ֱ
ַ֮ǰ²⣬ʱһԴ
²²⣬ûɱʱַһֱΪܻ綥Դ˵ûдﵽԴĳ̶ȡ
ô£
Ƿ׵ֵסԴĺֱǲ˼顣
˵ʱʵѾԴˣѾǶԴַһֱûʶһ㡣
ַڤڤУӦʱҪɱ䣬ʲôһɱ䣬ʱﵽʲô̶ȣ
ԽԴ
ַ岻ʵϲַ岻¾󲿷հҲҲ֪Դ֮ϣʲôı
Ȼ֪Ҳʶʱ򵥡
ԴҪˣ
¶һ˿â
ʱֵܵסԴıǵУοַ岻һͨߣܲ
ףǿѾʱ֮հǱ
ֵַܵסԴĺ׿ɾЩˡԵߣߵĹԵ᧿Σ
ֻεĹ׾ͼ뵽ΣС
ַ岻ԮĻ׿ɾ׶༪ˡ
ַҲûгӪȣҲûȣȻ׻Ӧþŵĵƣǹضǿ
ǱҵģΪ˸ƿ׶صΣ׼ֶΣڿԸʺϲˡʱսɱ
һȣʱڣ͵ıһҵĽ
ƺܹ˺һ谭
ַ壬Щļ¡


1895 һ֮֮
ãʱսһףͨߣôӵһʱսĽ
ɿֲĽλߣɫ䡣
ʱս
֣Դ֮׹û˵֡
ʱսƾһⱦϽ϶ʱ֮ﵽ˼Ϊ̵ĵزܹʱչѹ֮£ɱֲĽ
Դ֮ţʱսʵʵİ֮һ
ˣҲ֮ԡϳν
ڽһëȻ̶ֲȡ
ַ壬ʩչҲΪ𶯡ûм˿ֲĽ
յУЩνĽ֮࣬͡ǰὣʸûСַû뵽ܱ˿µ
ﻹԴ֮ţԴѹƣɽѾﵽ޽ӽǿԴ޵ʵˡ
Žֻһ
ңлһ˿ʱ֮
ַ忴ĺԭʩչһɱǿԴޣİ
ַ𶯣λߣǾʧ롣ʱսһǵס
뵽һȵҪٱʱս
һȣʱóһöصʯͷʯͷɢӨӨâ߶ʱһɿµʱ֮ϯ

Χʱգȫˣһַ̣嶼ЩסˣԴ֮ŵУȻʱ֮ôֲܹʱա
ʱգζʲô
ζţַۣҲ޷ٴ뿪ˡ
Ȼַġ
ңʱսʱսĽҲ׽סˣôһֲĽȻܽ
ʱսʯǾȻʱսʯ򵽡
۾·𲻸Ƶġ
ʱսʯһʱ֮Դ֮ڵʱչѹƣǼֱӿֲԴ֮ŵһš
һʱսʯκδʱ֮߱ʧȥЧ
ַʱˣԭƿݶ֮УܹӳһãʱսʯʹãʱҲĽסˣ޷ӳӦеЧ
ַҲɴһ֣ʱսǧ統С
ȻЩ൱׼ȫסַ壬ַʩչߵĻᶼûС
һ£¶һ˿֮ɫ
һʱս⻹ķ˾޴ĴۣŹ򵽵һܹʮ
ôʱսʯǿҲܹƵġ
ƫƫȴֻһʱսʱսʯûκãεĿסʧȥʱսλǿߣ׻ʲô취
ɫ࣬Цûа취˰ɣߣΪ˶Ը㣬ǿ˳׼ڣɣ
һȣʱλһ֣ʩչԴַ׺ݺȥ
֮ǿԴʵߣ¶ֵסֻ·һ
ַ忴źХԴƺƵſֲѹ
ʱֵܵ
ڣʱսʯ֮£ʱοƣ޷ʩչ۶޷
Ҳ޷ӣҲ޷
ȻˣǾֻӲƴˣ
ַңƿݶһܺãһԴľ棬Щ޲ߡ
ô
ַһ˿⡣
Ѫƣ
ַһͺȣʱһյڻɳͬʱַǧ֮Ĵ߶ţѪ͵һֲѪɫ档
䣡
汬·ܹһжճɻҽס׵ˣհڣȻов
һ̵ѪƣԶȵַ巢ʱǿ˺ֹٱϣ
ôܣ⡭ǿߵʵ
ܡ
ԴֻǶԴôܷӳǿߵʵ
װ˼õ⡣
ʵϣҲԡ
Ժз·һ뵽ʲôԺһհס
Ѫƣַһֵġ׺ѪƵʵֻһԴĶԴ߶С
ֻҪհжԴ
ƫƫַȴܱǿߵʵ
ζʲô
ֻһֿܡ
ַʱ֮ʱ֮ﵽ൱ĵزӦÿѹס
ϾҲʱ֮
ַƲ⣬ʱ֮˵׶ΣˣѪԴܷӳǿԴ޵ʵ
ףֻʱ֮ո൱ڵڶ׶Σֻ޵Ľӽǿߵĳ̶ȡ
һ֮ھ֮


1896 նף
䣡
ѪƱԶԶַ
һַ̣ᵽԴĿֲ֮һ±׵߶С
ʱ֮׶εҲܱԴĴ󲿷ܡ
ˣַﵽǿԴ޵ĵزߣȫѹʱսʯʵɶӰ죬ȴѪǿѡƺƵѹȥ

˿ֲܷӳ޽ӽǿԴ޵ʵҲ޼¡һǲһһǵԽһҲζ
ѪɫյУ߲ҽűճ˻ҽһоͶ
ˣհͳͳˣֻʣʮԴǶԴ
ַһץЩԴͳͳץС
˵ĶԴֻܲϧʱ̫֮ˣֻһʱ֮ҲĺԶ
ַҡҡͷ
ǶԴǳסյУҲǺպհ
Դ֮ڣʱ̶֮ȷǳҪֱӾʵĸߵͣҶհǿֿ֮ɲֻǶԴ֣֮ҪǶʱ֮
ȻհУֻһλʱ֮Ҳֻڵڶ׶ΣǸոմڵڶ׶Σ׶ζЩңԶȻԶԶַĶ֡
һй̺ʵʱֻǺܿˣһоͶѾ䶨
֮Ĵսûô鷳ʵǿ߼ܺܿӮʤնɱ֣հַһնɱԱߵ׶Щ㶣и𺳵Ըӵĵز
ʱһλհûаսʤַأȴڼ̵ʱڣһ壬ǿնɱհ
ʵ׸е𺳡
ֻеʱŷ·򡱹ַʱ֮˺εȸĵز٣϶ʱ֮һǳ
仰˵ַû˵ѵĻôոԴ֮ŵַ壬Ϊλôʱ֮
ֻһԭǾַյУʵѾʱ֮
һ뵽׾͸˼顣
յУҲʱ֮
δţ
ЩߣԴ֮ŵжƵǰĴڣյУҲʱ֮ڽԴ֮ź󣬽Դ֮ĻԼʱսᾧʱ֮
յУʱ֮⼸
ַȴˣҲַܿ嵱ȷԴ֮ڵһ֪кܴܣǴյнԴ֮š
ϸһ룬յоʱ֮Ǿͷǳֲˡ
٣ַǱֱ
Һãѡվַһߣղ΢ԥôһ£ֱ뿪ôַ϶Ź
һλǿԴ޵Ŀֲߣʱ֮Ļô׺ӵﶼûá
ףԴ֮ǰĳ˵һԴԼѡɡ
ַŻڷ㶵˵
ʲôҪң
׺ܳԾ
ǶԴַͻȻõԴԴ˭Ӷࡣ
ַȻҪķָһⲻֲʵĸоЩܳ
ˣײĵͲ֪ˡϾô棬ַɱֱ׾١
ң׵ĵҲʩչˣڸַֿҪɱҪѶ˼
ַ忴ƺЩǣЦ˵ĳ˵㣬Ȼ㣬ףҲйǡĳദˣȻַ֪Ϊˡ
ַû˵̫࣬ദˣֻҪûַ嶼һЩô
׻ЩСĽΪֹؼʱ̣Ҳѡַһߡ׵ʵ޹أַ廹Ƕ׺⡣
һԴ󣬵ַ廹û̫ϡ
ҾͲˣѡһԴ
׶˶漴ѡһԴһһĶԴĿǰ˵÷ǳ
ַ˵ͷͬˣ漴㽫ļԴԼʮͨԴսǧ統С
ַѾʮͨԴʮǿԴԼԴջ񣬾ЩУҲ˲õջ
ƿݶջûн٣ôʱսᾧ


1897 ŹƬ

ļҵöʱսᾧܶͨʱսᾧҲȷʱսᾧǳ
ַ켫ɽɨ켫ɽΧŵõʮöͨʱսᾧˡڣҵȴöʱսᾧֱ˼顣
ַ壬ڿͨʱսᾧѾûжЧˣҲԲʱսᾧࡣϾʱսᾧԴ֮ڣǿǡӲͨ൱йġ
ȻַҲûҪ̵˼˸Էֵ˴öʱսᾧǴջˡ
ǵңַԵҳڴҵдŵı˳Щڴҵеı²ˡ
¡
ұ򿪣ַһʱ俴ڡһɨڵͱַ忴ˣһĿȻ
ǿʱսᾧҲֹһö
ַпϲ
ҪľǿʱսᾧҲֻǿʱսᾧŶĿǰʱ֮
ҵУʮһöǿʱսᾧ
ζʲôַʮһöǿʱսᾧʹʮһͷǿԴƿնɱ
ÿһͷǿԴޣǿɶ۰һǿڡ
Դ֮ڣİߣߣЩԴޡͬȼʵԴ޻ҪռһЩơ
Դ޲̫ѣҪնɱԴޣǾͷǳˡַпԴ޵ֶΣʵҪ뵥նɱһͷͨԴޣʵȽѡ
Ȼǰ
ڣ˵ͨԴˣǿԴޣַҲܳնɱ
ʮһöǿʱսᾧҲζƿ׵ĺǿǿԶһǿԴޡ
ʣʮһöǿʱսᾧǿɲֻƿֻնɱʮһͷǿԴޣпܣƿնɱ˸ǿԴޣֻʮһöǿʱսᾧˡ
ֻǣƿΪûнʮһöǿʱսᾧʹã
ֻ˵ƿʱ֮ǿʱսᾧѾû̫ã
ô˵ʮһöǿʱսᾧѾַ׵ǰ֮ǰԼһһ롣
ֻһöǿʱսᾧŹַ壬ʮһöǾһһ롣
һöҾͲˣöǿʱսᾧö
ֳַöǿʱսᾧס
üͷĿҲп֮ɫǿǿʱսᾧȴᶨ
ס
ţΪ䲻ף
ַüͷһס
һҧȻףʵǿʱսᾧʱ˵û̫ãʱ֮ûǿʱսᾧʹҲǴ˷ѡײͬѾʱֻ֮ǿʱսᾧܶԻáˣöǿʱսᾧҾͲҪˣȫס
£׷·һӷظ
ַĶףãŻڵף㲻ģȻġ
Ѿο֮ǰܸһԴѾҷǳˣҲ֮󣬶ЩǿʱսᾧԻȻҪȻӦøס
ַĿһף˵ͷãȻִˣĳͲˡ
ַҲûƴǡȷܿЩǿʱսᾧ״˾٣ַ׸Ӹ߿һۡ
ȡᣬһġѡ
ַ彫ʮһöǿʱսᾧȴû뿪ǿ˵ҡҴһңƿ״ŵı̶Ӧһһı
ѾǿʱսᾧˣңָʲôѵǿʱսᾧҪı
˵ƿУҵıҪǿʱսᾧҪ
ַ廹ףԵҳڴ

ַһӣ̴˵ҡ
ŵҴŴ򿪣ַ׳һ
Һܴ󣬵ҿյģֻڷһƴСƬЩĳֱƬ
ԴƬ
ַЩɲ
ڲرУԴУұַõôһƬʲôֻǶԴƬᱻƿô֣µķڵҵУ
ܹƿôӣԲһԴƬ
Ծһ˿ܵܵԴϢ񲻶Ծ
ַһץǧ֮ҪץסƬ棬ûκãץסƬ
ô£
ַץסƬ
Ҳһ£Ҳ޷ץסƬͺƬܹΡκ
ַ׻һۣܿԷľ֮ɫ
ѵ
Ȼƺ뵽ʲôɫ䡣


1898 ʣ
ţף뵽ʲô𣿡
ַ忴ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ӧ֪ĳЩ֪Ƭô£
˿þɨ衱ƬҲһ˿ԴϢȴԴܲһ
ͨԴǶԴƺһ
ⲻ뵽һֿܡ
ǣֱӻشֻǲ²⣬һȷʵԴ֮ڣһԴڶԴ֮ϣǾţ̺İأκ򣬶κӡǣ಻ܶκá
ֻϧô꣬Դ֮ҲֻƬ˭ûмһҲֻд˵еԴ֮磬Ż
ַһ⵹һδ˵İء
־֪ܲڶԴ֮ϡ
˵Ƭ޷κأκι޷ӡǣôַͳһ
ǧ֮ݺݵġѹƬ
ֻǣôѹƺûκãƬûκı֣ôַš
ʱճӣ
ַɴཫƬǧ֮Уʱճӡ
ֻϧʱճӽ٣ƬУƾʱ֮ıãǾֹǼ٣ǵˣûκãƬƬûκķӦͷ·һͨƬһ
ԽԵƬԽ档
ʲôĶʱյжûκα仯Ȿͺܲ
ƬƬ
ַš
ѾԹ˸ְ취޷Ƭκˣƺ̵Щ󡣵Ҳûʲô֮࣬ƺ޷

ǱֻһƬ
ˣƬʲôã
ַ۾ʵ
Ҳ֪ʲôãƺƬǳЩߵӡƿףҲõôһƬ߲²⣬ƬʵĶĲϡΪƬĲϣпʣ
ʣ
ַ弸ţϣ𣿡
ַһ磬Ѿʱ֮Ȼ֪㡱ζʲôҲ֪ӦĸܹΪ㡣
㣬Ǿ硣Ҳκʣֻгʱգܹɾ㣬ʵ޹ء
ʾ͸ûйϵˡ
ˣŻʡ
Դ֮бͳŸأʣַ岻㲻ʣһЩʱ֮תпܳһЩ޽ӽʡ
޽ӽʲƶɡ
ȻΣַҲҲֻǲ²ˣе߰أַ壬Ҳֻ֪һŵķ
ܣԶԶڵַܿ̽ģ㻹ңԶ
Ƭĳˡ
Ȼ
׵˵ͷʵϣƬֻͷˣȴûʲôֱӵİ
ЩߣоƬһЩܣҲֻоˣ˭Ҳûоʲôɹ
ˣƬַ壬һûС
رⱻѹһգѾûʲôˡϸϸѹȷûʲô̫ļֵ˱˳ƿݶ
ȻҲûҵƿԭ򣬵ΣһΣջһȫεջ˵ʵɶܴ
׷ƿݶƿݶʧ
պҵƿݶҲûκ塣
˾ͷ׵ɽ壬Զʼչأ콫εջͳͳתʵ
Уַͳһεջ
һΣַʮͨԴʮǿԴԼԴһδ֪Ƭ
ʱսᾧǻöͨʱսᾧʮһöǿʱսᾧ
ջַԤϣһΣƾ޴ջ
ַҲϸĹ滮νһεջͳͳתʵȻٴջҲȻ
ԴѪƣļҪͳͳ
ַһҪľļԴѪƣҪһС
Դ֮ţϴҶհͬжԴʵϣʵߵ͵ģǶʱ̶֮ȡ
ȻԴҲһӰ졣һЩߣûԵĶ̰壬ǾӵмԴ
ַҲһڳŶߵţһļԴʱ֮׶εľ硣
㻹Щߣһ㶥ߣû̫⡣


1899 Դ
ǣַķʱ䣬ʼѪڵģһԴ
ԴֱѪơסսѥ硣һԴɺϵǣЩԴĹܲظ
ʵϣԴܹǿʵҪľǲ̰壬ʹûԵĶ̰壬ȫ棬Ӧκξ档
ʵǿҪľǶʱ֮
Ŀǰַʱ֮ûκ⣬Ѿڵ׶ˣδ֮ĶԴȴ٣ڿԲ̰ˡ
ԴУйԴѪơԼףʵ϶ǹ͵Դֻǲص㲻һˡ
۹Ѫǿһ˲䱬񱩵޿ƥСѹˣŽ֮ЧȻЧԶԶûʱսôá
ףڹƵкַܴ˵ʵҲпޡ
ڸսѥʣٶԴһ㣬սûӵ
ǹ汸ﲻҲС
ַʱһЩ̰壬ʵϣһЩ˵еװԴǲǹһ壬ٶҲȫȫܹһж̰塣
ֻװԴٶЩߣſӵһЩװԴ
ҲǿһЩװԴ϶ʱ֮ԣǴﵽΣҲǿЩֲԴ࿹⡣
ҲֻǿˣǿߣԴޣҲҪĶӡ
ַûõװԴʵϣװԴȻûװԴǶΡ
ʱս
ַûмʱսֻƾһ׵ƣȷ൱ַ嶼еļ£ȷʱսƾſֲĽֻһඥԴܳΪˡ
ʱ֮ǹؼ
һ㣬ַ忴ĺ壬һԴһûʱ֮ôһվ޷ǿԴޣʵ̫
ˣԴͬʱַ忪ʼʹʮһöǿʱսᾧʱ֮
ĿǰҲֻǿʱսᾧַܶˣͨʱսᾧַûκá
ˣ
һöǿʱսᾧַ̾͸о˲ͬʱճһǧʱճȫһ˿̵ַ壬Ϊһʱŵˡ
ʱճӣ沨
ǾֹǼ٣ǵˡ
֮һеһУ
ʵϣַѾ֪ʱսᾧġԭⲢһ죬ƾճֵʱճ
һöʱսᾧ侳ʵ߱ʱ̶֮ȡһ£Ȼвͬ
ܸһʵϾĸһҲΪˣʱսᾧԵô
ǿʱսᾧͨʱսᾧЧֹʮҲʮϰٱЧ
ָоܿʧˡһöǿʱսᾧԶԶַͻƣַܲͻƣԼҲûаգֻ˳Ȼ
٣ַѾ˷Ҫδ֮δ֮ҪδǸûпܣδֿܣһʱδ
δָܹ֮δУյδ棬ߣĳһδʱϵĻ档
ʱ֮ǳӣԽ˸زԽǸеʱ֮ĸĪ⣬Ҫʱ֪֮жôѣڵַ壬Ҳûκΰգһ˿ϣûС
ַ壬ߣԴ֮һĻУҲû˭аճ͸ʱ֮ɾ㡣
˶ǡߡβ׷ʱ֮
ַо棬ͺһ̣侳˼άޱȵĸӦ·ʱյ磬һһΣʱճ֮УоΪʱճеһ֡
һööööö
ǿʱսᾧѸٵţַ岻Ըֹؼʱͣˣǿʱսᾧĵٶȷǳ죬ת˲ʮһöǿʱսᾧѾĴ
ԼԼַƺӦһ棬ʵģǳģǿҵԤУǾδĻ棬δƬΡ
ɣַһԼԼĿʼӴδֻ֮ϧַҪһ˽δ֮ʱĸоȻֹͻȻʧˡ


1900 ӲǿԴޣ
ţʧˣ
ַ۾ĿƺЩãȻ
״̬ʧˣ֮ǰӦһȻȻҲʧˡ˿ǰ棬ʮһöǿʱսᾧѾˡ
Ȼֻʮһöǿʱսᾧַδ̤֮ʱ֮ĵĽ׶ΣȻܡ
ֻǣǿʱսᾧô׻ã
֪켫ɽжͷǿԴޣ
ַ뵽켫ɽеǿԴޡĿǰַʵѾǿԴˡ
Ҫնɱǿɾ˵ˡ
ϾַǿۺʵõֵĶԴܷӳԴǿߵĲΡ
ǧȴûӦˣҪԸǿԴޣַͲǧסǿԴޣȻҲ޷ʱ
ȻʱǶԴһ㣬ַѾȷˣʱûɱ䣬ˣǶԴ
ʣʱȶԴǿֻԴֶ֮ʱ֮ȻѹƵ⻷ʱ޷ӳ
ʱɱأ
ܲǿסԴ֮ʱչѹƣ
ַ岻
ҪնɱǿԴޣʱȻãҲаաǽַ屾ʵԴǿԴ޲ѣҪնɱַҲûоԵİա
չ黹ǵȥһԡ
ַȥ켫ɽһԡ
ǣַ嵱ϣ״Уһǰ켫ɽһ
ֱַۣӴ켫ɽ
һΣַΧġɨ켫ɽʵ϶Ե˲٣ΧһͷԴ޶ûС
ַһεĿҲͨԴޣǿԴޣǣַûΧֱӳźȥ
Խ켫ɽַԽѹֵĸоһ˿вȴûֹͣŲ֪켫ɽĺ򣬿϶ǿԴޡ
Ҳ֪˶Զڣַ뵽˺ӦһͷԴޣͷǳӴϢǱͨԴǿʮϰٱ
ʣһͷǿԴޣ
ҵˣ
ַظһ˿ҲûðʧСĽܲ̽һȷֻôһͷǿԴޡ
ĻͻȻ֮䣬˵ڶͷǿԴޣǿɾ鷳ˡȻַҲ˽һǿԴ޶طΧģײ̤ǿԴ޵طΧ֮ڡ
رܵԴޣпܳͷͷ
ǰһͷԴޣֻһͷ
ַСĽӽ˿̣ͷԴһɽȵУƺų˯Ҳַ֪Ŀ
ַҲд󣬼ȻԷûѣǾٺòˡ
һַ̣ͻȻ֮䶯֡
Ѫƣ
ַѾԴټʱ֮Ѿ˵׶ΣܷӳԴܡ
ˣѪƵıһſֲѪɫ棬˲յȼգΪһƣնճ˻ɫ
Ѫ޼ԴУǿַҲһʱ䣬˸սѥˣٶҲ죬ѪƱһ˲䣬ѾͷǿԴ޵ǰ
䣡
ֲĻֱӸԴ޵ϣͷԴӦֻܷŭĺ
𡭡
ԴһӴѪƵĻ棬ȷﲻ٣ȷǳǿ󣬵ͷǿԴȴǿᡣ
ܴҲûشֻһˡԴ޻˾޴צӣֱӳַݺһģٶ֮죬ַ弴иսѥҲѶܡ
ֻ޴צӣַһʶĸо
ˣһΣͷǿԴޣ
ַһ˿â
ˣһ켫ɽΧɨһж˳ͷͻȻһֻ޴צӡ
ֻצӣַëȻʩչߣһ㱻ץסˡһצץסǿ϶ֻ·һ
ˣַһֻǵһֻצӵϢ
ڣַڼֻצӵˣǰͷǿԴޡҲֻǿԴޣ˿ֲһ
һΣַֻצӣֻֻܲߡһΣַȴܣҲܲˣҪӲ
ˣ
һַ̣˻磬ͷҲ˲併٣֮ԣֻצӵٶ΢һ㡣
оףҲַ߷˼¡
ɱ
ַһȣֱӾӭȥһΣǽԴͳͳʩչˣǿһ
¡
޴صյС
ַǿһ˲ֻ޴צӣԷôǿ󣬵ҲֻһֻצӰˣַԴµĶ֣
һַ̣ϵıȴ˲


1901 ʱɱ䣡
ַı͵ϵЦݺһӱƵġ
ԴƵȷˣͷǿԴޣҲѷɫȷԴֻ޴צӡ
ؼǣͷԴ޾Ȼ˲Ϣ³һֻצӣָˡ
ôֲĻַָĿɿڴǣһ̱ŭ˵ԴޣӴֱӳַѹֲƣַ嶼оϢ
һͷǿԴޣҷǳͣǿޱȣָˣףҪնɱǿɾϼˡ
ַ߶ѪơסȵȶԴһӴ赲סԴ޵Ĺ
һһεġشͷԴޡ
ܹȫѹסһͷǿԴޣҲ൱ˡ
ַһβеᵽԴ޵Ѳ֮ǰûָо켫ɽɨͨԴʱΪʱǧ統Уʱ԰ٷְٵķӳ
ˣԸЩԴޣȻ
ԸǿԴޣַȴôǧͳܲסǿԴ޵Ŀֲᱻ˲˺顣
ˣᵽԴնɱѣôȥҪĲˡΪԴĹܹȫѹסͷǿԴޣкã
޷նɱͷǿԴޡ
޷նɱ֣ζţͷǿԴ޴ĳ̶ֳ˵˲֮ءȥĲһַ塣
˵Դ֮ڣԴ޺Ѳɱʵַ嶼û̫⣬˵ûѡ
ڣ鷳ᵽǧʱжôǿеĻԸеԴǧ磬ʹǿܹǿԴޡ
ֻϧַǧѾŵ˼ޣ޷ټˡ
Ȼ޷նɱͷǿԴޣַҲԥֱ󳷣뿪켫ɽͷǿԴޣȻŭҲ޿κΡַɱͬͷǿԴҲκβַ壬˫ĳ̶ֳ˵ƾС
ַĿһ켫ɽܸо켫ɽлмͷǿԴޣֻϧȴ޷նɱ
֤ʵˣƿ׵Щǿߵǿ󣬾ȻܹնɱǿԴޡǵǿԶԶַлҪǿ
ַڵۺʵֻǿﵽǿߵĲΰˡ
ಣ
ַҲԥֱӴ߶ۣ´׵ɽ֮С
ǲһЩ
ַĿ˸Щź
ܿͶ־Դ֮Ŷ೤ʱ䣿Ժеǻʵ
ڣַֻҳһ£ʱϡڴʱܹɱ䡣
ʮͨԴӽʱ֮Уʱɡںϡ
ַ¶˾ġ
Ҫʱɱ䣬조ѡε٣ҲնɱǿԴޣǿʱսᾧ
Ļʱ֮Ҳأж޴̸
űЩͨԴȥǿʱսᾧʵ̫˷ˡôԴõöǿʱսᾧ
ˣַʵҪģ
ʮͨԴͳͳַ嶪ʱ֮Сңַ廹ǹʱɡںϡ
ЩͨԴڱϣҲǳ󡣾̺ԴϢ΢ʱ֮УŴʱ֮ϵĥЩԴϵԴϢķֽЩԴ
ǰһԴʱһֽܹ⡣
ȻʱϵɣϵںϣϵҲԽԽǿڷֽͨԴʱ˵Ѿʲôˡ
ʱƣһһͨԴ½ֽ⣬뵽ʱ֮Сƺÿһ̣ʱǿҼۿɼٶȣǿš
ԼԼʱƺﵽĳƿĳּˡ
һļ
ôԴͱַ嵱ˡȫ뵽ʱ֮УΪʱġ֡
ַֽںϣʵǿʱġʡֻСʡǿˣʱŻо޴ɱ䡣
ַѾԼԼ·ʱƿ
ƺʱͿҪɱˡ
ʮʮһʮʮ
ʱڣʮͨԴ˲ֽںϵʱСʱʱͷ·ɽһ
Ѿ۵˼޵ġʡ˲䱬
䣡
ʱھҵ𵴣ʱճӵУַ嶼ĸܵʱžҵɱ䡣
ɱ䣬ɱ䣬ַһֱڴɱ䣡


1902 ʱ֮
¡¡
ʱھҵɱţһʱ֮ĴʱճӵУӿʱ֮Уٽʱɱ䡣
ӺǰַѾ²⣬ʱܲ򵥡
ԴԴ֮źǵõԴַ͸ȷţʱܲ򵥡
ûмܹôŨʱ֮ĶԴʵϣԴϵԴϢʱ֮йأȴûʱ֮ΪԴ
ʱǶһݣ
ȻԴ֮ڣʱܵ˾޴ѹƣԶԴܵĽҪö࣬ûʲô̫֮ء
Ǳȴġ
һεɱ䣬ַ廹źܴڴ
ʱɱ䲻һʱܹɣҿַʱ֮һʱճӣˣʱ֮ԴԴ
ʱճӵɱ䣬ʱ˵Ҫܴڶˣʱĸʱ֮
ַĸܵʱڲĿռ䣬ƺ޵ķѣ޵ţţʱչޣһͷͷҲɱţԼߵĲɱš
ңʱҲһξ޴һɣַãʱչѹƣҲ޷ȫѹסʱˡ
ǣַ徲ĵȴš
һꡢꡢꡭ
һȣַ͵ȴʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬ַ˵ֻǵָһ˲ˣߴʱ䣬ܶʮʱҪ
ʮʱ䣬ȴʱɱĹؼʱڡ
ĳһ죬ַоڵʱ͵һ漴ַҲӾ޵
ǧһʱѾֹͣɱ䣬ʱճ֮УϢַ嶼ļµĸо
ɱˣ
ַܾϲʮʱ䣬ʱɱ䣬ҲڴɱʱײЩ仯
ˣ
ַ߶ʱֱӴʱճӵĴǧ֮ڡһʱ֮·γһʱ֮ɵַ֮Ϊʱ֮
ʱ֮򣬿ɴСǿʱ֮ߣɼʱӶѹ
ַ峢˴ǧڣŲһЩǿ޼£ֻҪ뵽ʱ֮ķΧ֮ڣͱʱѹˡ
ùʱ֮򣡡
ַһ
յУ͹⿿ʱ֮򣬿ʱܳΪԴˣֱʤҽ޽⡣
˭ƽʱ֮
ֻʱ֮򵽸ߣƽʱ֮
ֻʱɱ֮ȻȻӵ
ʱ֮⣬ʱڲı仯ġ
ַ彫ʶʱڲĿռ䶼ˣʱ֮ƺѾɱˣɱĳֹ
ʱչѹƣ
ַһ漴ޱȵľ
ʱչѹƣʲôַˡԴ֮ڣʱչѹַһ󵨵뷨
뷨ʵЩ쿪̫ˣַԺȴ޷뷨
ѵԴ֮ţʵһŴʱ
˵Դ֮űʱַֻڵʱԶԶûлָ۷״̬ˡ
ֻǣôܣ
ַЩĿɿڴԴ֮ŵִ˵Դ֮ŵ˽봫˵еԴ֮Ψһͨ
˵Դ֮Ψһİ취ǾҵԴ֮š
Դ֮ôʱ
ַʱʵ̫˽ˣõʱʱ䲢̣൱ʹôҲܶࡣʱ˽⣬κ˶Ȳϡ
Ѿִ󵨵ͷˣַϸĶԱԴ֮ڵĻɱʱڵĲ
ɱʱʱ֮ȷѾɱˣȻɳʱ֮УȴһʱչԼʱڲ
ַѾʱˣʱѹƣƫʱսԴ֮ڵʱѹƣһ
ʱʱչҪΪѹһЩǿʱչ򣬿ɲûʱ֮ûԴͳͳѹ
ֻҪǽ뵽ʱڵᱻѹ
ַָоհǽ뵽ʱ֮УҲᱻѹʱĿֲ֮
ѹհҲ˵ѹԴǺεȵĿֲַЩɣɱʱǶԴ
ʱڵʱչȻʱչ򣬵ʵҲûǣ浽δ֮ˣַİûС
Ҫ뿿šݾʱ֮ǲˡ
ַʱɱ⣬ĲԲҪġ
ɱʱܲԴ֮ڶܣ
˵ܹõĻж
ַҲҲֻһԡ


1903 ʱѹǿԴޣ
ˣ
ַ廹Ǿһ£ʱȻ䣬ǧ֮ϯ
䣡
ѹһɿֲѹʱ֮ϡ
ԭʱɱȻȻʹʱ֮򣬷Χǳ֮㡣ڳԴ֮ڣʱʱ֮̾ʹֽ⡢ˡ
Դ֮ڵʱչƣַиӿ£ʱ֮һ֣ܵصƣֱӱֽ⡣
ѹһСķΧ֮ڣַһֻһңʱ֮ȻѹСķΧ֮ڣʲôã
ַȴûʧԵЩϲ
ע⵽ʱ֮Ȼѹ˼㣬ȴûʧֻһ׵ķΧҲʱ֮Ҫ֪ʱ֮ȫʱ֮ɣܶ˿ֲʱչѹƣȴԻʱ֮ʵѾ˵һЩ⡣
ַ˿ʱҲܵѹƣһܶûУڣַѾ²ˡ
ʱ
ַ߶ʱʱʱâʢͬʱʱ֮ƺһţһ׷ΧѸٵš
סססһֱʮ׷ΧŽͣ
ʱ֮ʮ׷ΧɺСΧʵҲ𲻵̫ã䲻⣬һЧ
Ҫǣţʱܹһֵˡ
ɱʱֲԶһĶԴ
ڼֻܶһֵܣҲͬСɣΣʵַҲȷ٣Ӧ൱
ܲɱǿԴޣȥһԡ
ַԾԾԣǣٴʩչֱۣӴ켫ɽҾֱɽȥ
𡭡
ַû˿ԼϢĴ㡣ˣϢһ켫ɽ򣬾ѾͷǿԴ޵ע⡣
ǿԴ޷ǳŭŶãҲʮʱ䣬ȻˣһΣǱַ׽Ūĺҡ
ȻûΣգȴѹסֱĳ衣Ϊ켫ɽеļͷǿԴ֮һҲ켫ɽİˣȴѹƣܲŭ
ָӦַϢͷǿԴ޵ķŭ֪
ǣͷǿԴ޳ױˡ
䣡
ԴͣһȦһȦѪɫĹâƺʩչĳطǿԴ޵ıֻ޴צӣһգۣѾַǰ
ףǱһǿһЩ
ַѾоǰͷǿԴޣƺһθǿˡһΣַѹǿԴޡ
ַ˵ǿһЩԴޣҲʲôңԽǿַԽãϾԡʱܵġ
䣡
һ˲䣬ַǰ͵ĳһ䳲ƵıȻʱ
ʱַǰɢʵ΢⡣ַҲҿ϶ʱһܹסǿԴޣˣԴҲַ尵׼ǳ⣬̾ͻ߶ԴǿԴһ
ͷǿԴޣʵǿַѾ̹ˡǴ˿̣ǿԴ޸ʩչطʵǿ
ֻצӣƺ޼᲻ݣݺݵĵʱ֮ϣҲ˶Ѱˡʱ΢΢һûκα仯
ַ߶ʱŹâʱ֮ŵ˷Բʮ׷ΧʱҲ󣬳Դֶȥ
ѹ
ַص켫ɽϿգҪʱֱѹסͷǿԴޡ䳲״ʱΧʱ֮ǷǳֲһУѹһС
ֻǣȴʼղһ㡣
ʱʱ֮ǿԴ޵ʱֻѹͷǿԴޣȴʼ޷ȥѹ
˫ôཀྵ
ͷǿԴȴǳ־壬ȻһͱѹˣڣҲʱʱ̶̿ܵ˾޴в
һʲôԴΪһΣǰûʹã
Դ޶Щˣڣ֪Σաÿʱỵ̈ǿǿʱѹȫ£е;ʱǣסˡ
ַأ
ȴյУϾƺû̫ķ
ʵϣַȷûôķʱֻҪʱ֮߶ɱַ巢֣ʱҪʱ֮Ѿ΢΢ˣֻҪþʱˡ
ȻҲΪַʱ֮ᱻʱչѹƣ޷ģĴʱУˣҲǳֲˣ٣ַ
ˡ
ַ忴һĻѾ֪ʱ˵ޣԴ֮ʱչѹƵ֮£ʱܹεѹǿԴޡ
Ѿַϡ
ҪǣζţַӵնɱǿԴ޵ʵʮ֮ǰֻܻǿԴ޶նɱ
뵽ַҲԥȻ֡
䣡
ѪƱƬѪɫ棬ѸٵİסǿԴޣڶԷҵĽУʱ͵һ˲㽫ǿԴ޾뵽ʱ֮С
һʱ֮ڣ˵ǿԴˣǶԴޣҲֻܹԹԱѹκεĽҡ


1904 ǿУ
ա
ַջʱɨһʱڵһͷͷѹǿԴ޾ͱΪ촷ֻۣһöǿʱսᾧ䵽ַС
Դˣַ൱⡣
ʮ֮ǰûʱַֻܻǿԴޣ޷նɱ
ʮַ֮ʱȻɱʱչѹסȴѾܹʩչԵˣܹЧ
Դʱý
٣ֶַνϣܹնɱǿԴˣ
һʵķԾ
ʵϣԴ֮ڣġǿߡֱ۵һ׼ܷǿԴޣܷǿԴǰߡ
ЩҪҲãҲգûκá
ֱ۵ĺ׼ǾܷնɱһͷǿԴޣ
ܹնɱһͷǿԴޣǾǿߵı׼Χɱ󷨣ֻҪնɱǾǿߣ
ַ壬ڸǿԵնɱһͷǿԴޣǾǵ֮ǿˣֱڣַǿ뵽Դ֮ڵǿеУ
켫ɽô󣬲ֻһͷǿԴްɣ
ַ岢ڽֻնɱһͷǿԴޣ˵ڽֻһöǿʱսᾧ
ַʱ֮Ѿ𽥽Ӵδ֮Ҫǿʱսᾧӿʱ֮򣬲Ѹٵ̤뵽Ľ׶Ρ
ˣʱǿʱսᾧͷǳҪˡ
ǣַ켫ɽһȦһȦַ弸ǵ̺ƵҵͷǿԴޣʱԼֶϣҲͷǿԴնɱˡ
ֻǣնɱܹͷǿԴ֮켫ɽûһͷǿԴˣʣµһЩͨԴޣַҲȥɱ
ʵ̫ˣȻֻͷǿԴޡ
ַҡҡͷЩϧֻöǿʱսᾧ޷֧ʱ֮еδ֮Ӷ̤뵽Ľ׶Ρ
ַ嶼һԤһЩ̤Ľ׶Σδ֮ôҪǿʱսᾧ²Ǽöʮöô򵥡
ҲҪϰö
ҪİոǾ͸Ҫö֮ǿʱսᾧǶơ
ֻöǿʱսᾧȻַ⣬Ҳûκΰ취켫ɽѾɨһգȥ
˵Դ֮ڣͨԴޱȽϳôǿԴ޾൱ϡˣĻǿʱսᾧҲô
ַƬ̣ջǾȷ׵ɽ㡣
ǣַ巵ɽ壬ûʹöǿʱսᾧΪʹãҲ޷ͻƣţĻۡ
ȵ۵һ̶ʹãһͻƣ

ʱҴңֹȥʮʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ַ嶼ûмףԷƺǱڶԴַҲȥţǣΧĴɨ
ֻϧͨԴ޺ܶ࣬ǿԴȴָ
ַɨ˺ܳʱ䣬ΧɨһգҲֻͷǿԴޣȫնɱҲŻöǿʱսᾧ
Ǽ֮ǰ켫ɽеջҲŽֻʮöǿʱսᾧ
ȻʮöǿʱսᾧʵѾˣַƿݶУҲŽֻǻʮһöǿʱսᾧˡ
Ȼǵ
ʮһöǿʱսᾧַкܴջ񡣵ڣʮöǿʱսᾧַ;òˣΪҪͻʱ֮ĵĽ׶ΣҪǿʱսᾧС
ַ׼ȥǿԴ㹻࣬Եõǿʱսᾧ
ֻϧһֱڱչء
ٲأַ׼뿪ȥˡ
ˣ
ַȵЩʱǳˣңҲ˳˵ڶԴʵҲһ
öͨʱսᾧ׶һϣʱ֮һɾͲѷڵס
Ҳ޽ӽǿԴ޵ʵһﵽǿԴ޵ĵزҲǲܡ
ˣʵķԾ
һƿݶ͵ֵʮԪĿޣԵҪԣܹﵽĿǰ̶ֳȣѾˡ
ȻҲûǣܹջô󣬵˭Ĺͣˣ׸ճأַѾҵ˼֮׵һʱ͸ϵַס
ףˣϲˣ
ַ忴һףҲһ˿Цݡܴһ·ֻҪ·ȥɡ
׵ĳɾͣԲ׵ҪͣҪߣ
ϾѾˣпܴﵽǿԴ޵ĳ̶ȡлԵ̤ǿУҲǲܡ
˻סˣҼΣ£
ûĿģĿɻַ塣


1905 ףǿߣ
ַҲûԥ˵ȷһЩ£ҵѾƿҪͻƣͱҪдǿʱսᾧֻϧѾɨ켫ɽԼܱߵһЩطȴջȡˣ뿪ǰ򣬵ҶԴ֮ŲϤˣףԴ֮ʲôطӵдǿԴޣ˵Իôǿʱսᾧ
ַĻ죬ֹֿЦҡҡͷ
ʵϣļΪ𺳡
ַ֪ʵ֮ǰֻǿԴްˣʵҲʲôţŬһ£Ҳܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
ղַᵽɨ켫ɽʲô˼
ѵɨǿԴޣ
뵽׾޷١ˣǣ׼æʵף˵ɨǷնɱǿԴޣ
ַ죬ǵ˵ͷնɱǿԴޣҶʮöǿʱսᾧʲô𣿡
ֻʮöǿʱսᾧ
Ŀһַ壬֮ɫ˿̣ɬԭΪ˵ڶԴʱ֮Ӧþͻַ࣬׷ַˡ
ڿ̫ˡ
׷ַ壿
ǸͲܣ
նɱǿԴζʲôԴ֮ڴʮԪʱ䣬ﻹ֪еζ
ζţַѾʽ뵽Դ֮еǿУ
һʵķԾ
ܷնɱǿԴޣԴ֮Уһֽߣһǿߵķֽߡ֮ǰߣжôǿơ
ʵϣҲı䲻ߵʵ
ڣַΪǿߣ֮ǿߣԴ֮ڵĸطеλպյǿˣ
һ㣬ѾԴ֮ʮԪʱҲûа쵽ЩԴ֮ڴʮԪĹϴڣҲûа쵽
ַˣ
ңַԴ֮ŲŶ೤ʱ䣿
ʮʱˣʱ䶼ûУѾͨߣһӿ뵽ǿУһһַĽţ˻ô졣
ȴʵ
˿ַ֪Ҫʲôǣ˵ףѾʽǿС㻹֪ʲôҿݣǾǻףڿȥԴ֮ˡԴ֮ٴڵʵȥã
֣µ˵ַҲ˵ͷ
׵˼
ǿУζźܶණԴ֮ٴΣգַ˵Ҳǿȥġ
ַ֪֪Ķһкܶ࣬ǣû˵Ǽĵȴš
Ȼ׼˵ǿԴ϶࣬ǵҹѡĵطʵϣǳƫƧԴ֮ĺ򣬻ңԶû̫ǿԴޣˣ˵ܰȫҪһطȻѾˡ
ףǲǾúܺ棬ҵʱսǴģ׵˵ʱսʯǴģʵܼ򵥣Դ֮ŵĺһٵľ޳ǣϣ֮ǣߡߣʥǣΪֻܹҵϣҲԢҵԴ֮磬ɹԴ֮ϣ
ϣ֮ڣߡʱսˣУඥĴڣҲԴǿʱսᾧߣǱȱȽǡֻҪʵвƸϣ֮ǣٶȲ⡣
׵Уƺжϣ֧ŵĽڴ
ֻǣַܺ棬Ϊûȥϣ֮ǣ
ףȻϣ֮ôãΪȴϣ֮ǣ
ԣɵÿЦһϣ֮ǵȷߵϣֻҪʵߣûв뵽ϣ֮ǵġֻϧûʵ˵Һϣ֮ǣȥһˣֻ⴦ƫƧĵطĻۣϣгһգ۵㹻ʱսᾧ߲ƸȻٽϣ֮ǡֻǣһȣ͹ȥʮԪʱ䡣
൱Ŀɬ
ʮԪʱ䣬ʵûʲô̫Ͳǰϣ֮ǡûַ壬ͻһֱʮԪʮԪϰٸԪ
ҲҲĳһ죬ΣգӶ䡣
ǾߡԴ֮ڵˡ
ף㲻ͬ㲻ߣǿߣʸǰϣ֮ǣңϣ֮ڣǿߺǿֻϣ֮ڣҵϣپҵ˵еԴ֮磡İأ
Ŀ˷ܵĹâĶַ塣


1906 ϣ֮ǣ
ϣ֮ǡ
ַš
ʵϣѾˣǰϣ֮ǡ
ĻƫƧ֮أǿԴ޶ûУǿʱսᾧûУܹ
ǣЩĴڣϣ֮ǣַ͸Ȥˡ
ʱսַֻǼһʱսȴѾܾˡôʱսˣǺεȵľžޣ
ˣϣ֮ǣַһȥ
ַ忴һףԷЩӣҲܲµ׵뷨һǺܿɬܸӡ
ףҲʸǰϣ֮ˣ㻹һĻǰϣ֮ǰɡ
ַ嵭˵
Ҳֻ˵һ䣬ϾףҲǺϵûв̫ìܡһ䣬ַҲûʧ
ʵϣ״˿ĵȷ˽ս
֮ǰδܹϣ֮ǡʮԪʱ䣬ѾĥĶ־ȻȫȹʮԪʱ䣬˭֪᲻ôˣ
ûַ壬׵һѹأ׿¾ͶȲȥ
ֻǰϣ֮ǣϣ
οҲˣԴöͨʱսᾧ
öͨʱսᾧϣ֮ǣҲһССĲƸˣ㹻ĹϺܳһʱ䡣
ǻᣡ
ȻҲпܻΣգַһôΣնȽĽ͡ҲַڡЯ
ַôһλǿߣֻ΢Яһ㣬ҲԶԶԼȥϣ֮Ҫ
ԼʮԪʮԪΣ
ԶҲ޷ǿУΣգܾˡ
ȥϣ֮ǣȻΣգȴһǧѷĻˣǾĴˡ
˽սҲպյհβѰԴ֮ţΪ˽Դ֮ţûԵ׷İأ
ַûдߴ٣Ҳھĵȴ׵ľ
ã̧ͷչհպգ۰գĻûгʧȥ
ϣ֮ǣβȥһ
ӶЦȻѾ˾Ҫȥϣ֮ǴΨһĻˣĻᣬһܴ
ã
̶ʱ䣬ʱ䣬װһЩˡʵϣЩеˣʲô
Ҳհûһռ۵ıֱӽˣҲʲô¡
˵ַǧ磬棬Ҳʲô
Ѿ׵˶ˣǲߣЩˣȥ
Դ֮ڣûߵıӻһͷͨԴޣȫûˣõѡ
˳ַۣ岢ûѡΪϣ̫֮ңԶˣַûȥͲ֪ꡣ
ȥֲۣˣΪ˰ȫķǰϣ֮ǡ
۵ٶҲǷУҲܺܿ͵ִĿĵء
Ȼܻ̿һЩ鷳ַ鷳ЩڴܹһЩǿԴޡ
ֻϧһ·ȻȷһЩԴޣҲֻͨԴޣʰ̫ѣοַˡ
ûô֣ͱ׸ˡ
һ·ȫУڵִϣ֮ǡ
ףǰϣ֮ˣ
ַҲ۾ʵϣѾܵˣǰ治ԶһɹŨϢһһЩϢַ嶼еļ¡
ʣǰϣ֮ǣ
ʱ䣬ڸϵˣ
ַķۣĿϣ֮ǡ
ಣ
ַɴۣķϣ֮ǣҲԸõĹ۲ϣ֮ǡ
ףϣ֮ǾȻûκηʩ
ַоЩ֣ôһǣȴûκηʩûзûǿԴûʲô
ôһǣûκػ
ַþ죬ȴϰΪҲܼ˷ܣϾǵһϣ֮ˡ
ǣϸ͵ϣ֮֮ûκηʩΪûбҪΪûʲôԴ޻ϣ֮ǡôǿγɵƣεȾˣǿԴޣԶԶľܸӦͲ῿ϣ֮ǡ
ңϣ֮ҲûгһЩߣɵһɢˣͬϣ֮ǡκһλߣϣˣΪϣ֮ʵʹ֮һϣ֮ǵ档ҲΪִʩϣ֮Ǳޱȹ̣٣ûʲôںġ
ַ˵ͷȻԭ
ֻҪʵǿˣȻȻܻ棬˭ȥںģοԴ֮ĵˣЩԴޣû˭ȥѡںġ
ɢĹ񣬷ԽԽˡ
ϣ֮ǣֻһλߡŷչԽԽĶѡϣˡ
ٽϣ֮ԽԽǿԽԽȫȻȻͷչԴ֮ߵʥأ
ַ壬ϣ֮ŨȤ
߰ɣȥ
ַѾȲҪϣ֮ˡ


1907 
ַյϣ֮⣬ͱסˡ
һöͨʱսᾧ
һߣĿַףҪʱսᾧ
ַ忴һˣЩ˸ˣЩû
ȴףǵȷҪһöʱսᾧ൱ֻ֤нһöʱսᾧܹϣ֮ھסЩûнɵģʵҲΪϣ֮ǲЩصߣҲǺ⡣ؼϣѲӡڳڣûѫߣǾûнʱսᾧ۴һαץʮڶΣǰٱڵΣֱϣ֮ǣǣˣǻԲɣûҪ
ַˡ
ϣ֮ǲнʵϣѲӣһ֣ɾˡһδʮʲôȻۣҲû¡
ǵڶΣǿɾ鷳
ַɲΪһöʱսᾧð˷գûбҪˣһ˽һöʱսᾧһöǵѫ£ϣֱӽϣ֮ǡ
սϣ֮ǣǰһƬ
ĽֵϣȺڶ࣬ߡȻܹͨԴ޵ߣ
ϾԴôһ㣬ж٣
ַԴӽԴ֮ţûпֵĳһΪԴ֮ڵҲ޼
ձߵȷ޼ǾԵʵҲ١ķپ󣬷һ㲻̫ʵ
Եú˷ܡѾǶǰϣ֮ǣڼ䶼Щģˣһ»صϣ֮ǣȻ൱˷ܡ
Ҹط
ַһǣȥһջ˵ǿջʵǶջޱӴÿһ䷿䣬һĶ
Ȼ۸Ҳ൱һһöͨʱվʯ
ļ۸ѾڷǳˡҪ֪ߣҪһöͨʱսᾧѣһһöҲֻЩʵǿ󣬿ԴԴϵĻʱսᾧ˲ܹе
ַ׵ǲ⣬ڶжնɱͨԴ޵ʵʱ˽һϣ֮ǵ㡣
죬ַȥ˳ڵĸ̻ᡣ
Щ̻ᣬдСССĵҲĿ֮
ַѯһЩ̻ᣬǿʱսᾧǵȷУ󲿷̵궼У۸ȴǳİ
ͨʱսᾧΪӲͨҲܹǿʱսᾧ˵ܹκζֻҪ㹻
һöǿʱսᾧҪ빺򵽣Ҫһöͨʱսᾧ
ζʲôַȻ
Ҳ˵նɱһͷͨԴޣпܹһöǿʱսᾧͲ㣬û˭ͨʱսᾧȥǿʱսᾧ
һöͨʱսᾧܹһЩһԱˣʱսʱսʯȵˣһЩֶΣΧɱǿԴޡ
ڹһöǿʱսᾧʱսᾧൽòˡ
ַѯʮҵ̣ˡ
ȻһöǿʱսᾧԼȥĻֻǧöͨʱսᾧ˽һ㣬Ҳᳬǧö
ˣЩ̿϶Ǳ
ܹϣ֮ǿ̣Ҳһʵ֧һҵ̱ûǿߵӰһЩ̻ᱳǶߣ
ַûжžǿʱսᾧĴ㡣
ѯһǿԴļ۸һ£̻ᶼĺ顣ǿԴȻȲ϶ԴҲͬСɡ
򵽸ʱܹ֮ӳǿԴĴ󲿷ܣͨԴˡ
ˣǿԴЩͨԴпޣǷǳҪϣ֮ǣֻ
ַ岻ҪͨʱսᾧôһǿԴƷʡܡõȵȷ棬Խһʮöȵǿʱսᾧ
ʵѾ൱ˡ
ַã½˰˼ǿԴܹʮöǿʱսᾧƽÿһǿԴöǿʱսᾧ
Ѿ൱ˣô̵ʱڣܹʮöǿʱսᾧ
Ҫַ֪ƿݶУҲŽֻʮһöǿʱսᾧˡ
ԭַӵеʮöǿʱսᾧַѾʮöǿʱսᾧˣѾǾ޴ջ
Ȼ⻹ԶԶһöǿʱսᾧûУԶԶַʱ֮ͻĽ׶Ρ
֮ǰַԤ⣬ϰöǿʱսᾧֻԤ⡣˵һСĿˡЧΣһԲ֪
ˣڵʮöǿʱսᾧԶԶ
ַϣѾûʲôˣѵҪԴ
һԴǿǼֵơԽ̻ᣬѹᱦˣ
һԴͿԻʮöǿʱսᾧǿߣϰööǿʱսᾧûʲô⡣
Ψһ⣬ַ岻óϵĶԴ


1908 ¥鱨
ַһԴ⻹ǳʱ
ÿһãַܶʱˣҪնɱǿԴޣöԴС
ˣÿһԴصáһۣôַʵͻܵӰ졣ǿʱսᾧãַҲûаգһܹþͻơ
ˣʵ£ȥ
ʱ䣬ַ嶼ϣ֮תƣϣѾϣ֮ڵ͸ˣǻ˽ϣ֮ǡ
˵ĶԣֻҪвƸֻҪʵôϣ֮ǣûеòĶʵƸǳȵġʵԽǿƸҲԽࡣ
ת˼µʱ䣬ַ׼жˣڲ۶Դ֮£Ҫôǿʱսᾧͱ뿪ϣ֮ǣȥնɱǿԴޡ
ʱ鱨Ե÷ǳҪˡ
Ϊˣַ¥
¥ϣ֮Ǵԭܼ򵥣Ϊϣ֮鱨רŷ鱨Ҹָ鱨ӦоС鱨ǳ꾡׼ȷˣܵ˺ܶ˵
Ȼ鱨ֱȽе£˵Ƚϵ˵£ôû¥ıֻһˡ
ˣȴ¥ϣ֮ǣûκ˸Ҵ⡣
˾֮
֮ߣϣ˳Ա֮һϣ˴ʼ֮һνǷǳϵĶˡ
ôһ϶ǿĶڱ˭¥鷳
ַҲ¥ǿ¥鱨磬Ȼ¥Ҳǳĺڵ꣬շߡ
λͣʲô󣿡
ַս¥ͱһλŮӴһƧĹҵСÿһλ¥ˣ¥Ŀˣڷϣ¥覴á
ַ忴һŮӣԷҲߣ϶հַȴ˿¶⣬ҲǷǳˡ
ַҲûԥֱ˵˵ҪһЩǿԴ޾ֲ鱨¥У
ǿԴ޷ֲ鱨ǵȻУ
ŮԵúܸˣǰһ
Ǵ˰ÿһݹǿԴ޷ֲ鱨ǶۡÿһλˣǶǡ͡
λͣҽջۣ¥鱨ӴԱҪ鱨¥ȻУշȴȽϰ󡣡
Ŷô󷨣
ջϸ͵һͨ鱨ͷǿԴޣΧһöͨʱսᾧ
̫١
ַҡҡͷֻͷǿԴޣᡣ
ڶ鱨ʮͷǿԴޣΧһöǿʱսᾧ
ţһöǿʱսᾧ¥շѻڰ
ַ壬˿Ҳ̲סȻɫ䡣
¥շߣ൱ڣҲû뵽ڵ̶ֳȣֻṩ鱨һöǿʱսᾧ
Ҫ֪һǿԴҲŻöǿʱսᾧˡ
𼱣е鱨ʮͷǿԴޣΧи鱨öǿʱսᾧ
ַüͷ
ЩԾ
ʮͷǿԴޣҪöǿʱսᾧΪβһ鱨ͷǿԴ鱨ֻҪһöͨʱսᾧ
ʮҲʮͷǿʱսᾧˣѽֻһǧöͨʱսᾧһöǿʱսᾧ
ѵ¥ɵûֻ㣿
ǣַʡ
ջҲ΢ЦŽ͵ܼ򵥣Ϊһ鱨Χ鱨һΧһͷԴأɲǲܣطǿԴޣ˵жԴޡǵ鱨ΧĻͻ֪Ǿǲ֤οÿһ鱨ĵص㣬ǶԶУҪǧʱ䡣ޣ̫ңԶ·;Σأ˭Ҳ֪ʲôеĺŹӦ
ַˣ¥޴
ʵϣַһһȥʵʲô¾»Դޡ
ЩԴޣһֲޱȡ
ַ壬˶ûѵİգοߣ
ˣַ岻¸·¾жԴޡϾ·ĻַۣȥʱҪ·ֻҪգܷϣ֮ǡ
ѡһ֣ΧأҪͨʱվʯ
һ鱨ʵûΧ鱨Ϊ㡣һҪǿרȥֻ̽ǣҪķãһöǿʱսᾧˣǵѡڶ鱨򣬸͵òʧ
ַˣ˵˵ȥʵ¥Ҫѡ񰺹鱨¥Ҳܽ󻯡
ַƬ̣Ҳ˾ᶨ˵Ҫ鱨


1909 ˶ˣ
鱨
ջǰһĴˣ찡鱨ٶҪöǿʱսᾧǿߣҲһҪ鱨
ã鱨мݣ۸ҲͬһݣʮͷǿԴޣΧҲûжԴޣǾȡöǿʱսᾧеڶݣϰͷԴޣһͷԴޣ΢СĽһ㣬Ҳһ֣ǽȡöǿʱսᾧ
ջһһݵ鱨ַҡҡͷ
¥ǱŷҪǮöǿʱսᾧӲȻôŵ
ַѣҪǿԴޣȥðգûҪȥǶԴޣ¿ƺЩϰͷԴ鱨Ҫ΢ˡһ㡣ַ岢ѡ鱨
㲻ö˵ˣѡһ鱨ʮͷǿԴޣûжԴ޴ڡҵ˽һ£ǵ鱨֮ǰɳ۹ߣǻڶۣ
ַһâһ㣬Ҫ
磬ҪǸո뿪ͷ¥ͽ鱨˵ڶˣô¥ܵõ˫ݵǿʱսᾧַ˵ȴǷǳ鷳ҪǿԴޡ
ջ۽һЦ漴Ҳ͵ģֻҪ۳鱨һ׼ȷģ֮ǰû۳鱨Ӱ졣鱨׼֤ݣǿ԰ٱ⳥Ȼһ鱨һʱЧԣʮʱ䡣ʮʱڣǲۣʮں󣬲ûǰ鱨ڵأǶ鱨ʱۡ
ַˣ¥˼ܼ򵥣Ǿַʮǰ鱨ڵأӶոЩǿԴޡ
ַûַֻٳٲôʮ󣬾ͻۡʵҲ޿ɺǣһ鱨Զ¥ٴ鱨ˡ
οʮʱ䣬Ҳȷ㹻ˡ
ã鱨ңöǿʱսᾧ
ַҲˬ죬Ƭ̣ܿ˾ֱóöǿʱսᾧ
𾴵ĹͣԵȡ
öǿʱսᾧջ۵Чʺܸߣܿ͸ַһ鱨鱨һںĵط
ںں򸽽ʮͷǿԴޡ
ֻǣһ鷳֮ЩǿԴޣͳŴͨԴޣң
һ£ǿԴޣÿһͷڣԼأͲǿԴ޿
ϣУȴǳϡ١
ںںЩǿԴȴףΪйͬĵˣǺںеһЩӵǿԴޡ
ںӺӵ׵ԴޣǳײУϵɱŰϵԴޣں򰶱ߵЩԴޣûкͽĿܡ
ˣö֮ںԴޣȻȻȻǿԴǺߵǻһߣ֪ںӺӵԴ޵в
ڹͬв֮ʲô
ַ巴ǰһ
ô˵һε鱨ҲʮͷǿԴޣںӺӵ׵ԴޣҲɱˣ
ֱ콵֮ϲ
ջȴ𾴵Ĺͣұ뾯ںںӺӵ׵Դޣʵ¥û㹻鱨ϾӵЩԴ޵ĵ̣޴ӵ֪ںӺӵ׵ľúںʮͷǿԴ޶˵ںӺӵ׵ԴҪԶԶȰϵԴǿִҪȥԸںӺӵ׵Դޣ¥ɲḺ𡣡
ô
ַ尵
Ȼ¥ھںںӺӵ׵ΣգֻǣûΣգַȥһԾ֪ˡ
ȻѾõ鱨ַͲ¥ڶֱ뿪¥ֻҪ鱨׼ȷôһΣ¥
ַ뿪¥뿪һɲǣƺӦʲôЩɻĳܲ鿴ȴʲôûз֡
ַҡҡͷ˶
ȻѾõ鱨ôַͿʼ׼ˣʵϣҲûʲô̫׼ʵͲҪʲôʱս
һۣʱ롣
׼׵ֱַ뿪˶ۣɳϣ֮ǡ
ַոշϣ֮ǣ󣬳ߣһ͸¶Żȡ
뿪ˣǵôʱ䣬뿪ˡ
ٺ٣˸ոսϣ֮ǲãȴϣ֮˴ǿԴķᣬҲʮöǿʱսᾧ
ǰոս¥鱨ϵı϶١һΣǿдջˡ
ΪСĽȴû뵽Ǻĵһ죬ͱǸˣߣǧˡ
ߣƺٶȶ죬ӵٶԴѸٵĳַ뿪ķ׷ȥ


1910 ʮʱս
ף
ַУƺӦʲô͵۾
ľɨɨһĿдһ˿ɻ֮ǰֱ̽ĸоȴôûзʲôԾڣָоָǿˣȴһ
ಣ
ʱӰȻٶȶ죬Ѹٵĳַۿ
ǣַľɨϣȴûκθӦ
ʱַȻסӰѾˣֻΪһЩֶΣַľ޷̽ˡ
ַԼֱۣӴߡַȴûԷûʱս˵Է֪ܹա
Ȼˣַ廹ʲôηģʱ뿪ˣ뿴ʲô˶ԵĻȻ鷳
ϾַҲ챻˸ǡ
ǣֱַ뿪ۣվյУۣĶźӰ
ӰٶȺܿ죬ַھĵʱǵЩ㶣ܿͽַΧм䡣
Ǵ֪ӲԶɴţΪϣ֮ǽͬ㣿棬ͬˣѾˡ
˵ΪַǣΪ˸ͬ鷢ѶϢġᡱַȻ͡
򶨣ĿŶԷ
˭ʲôʱҵģ
ַʵ
Ҳ޷סʲôĲֵһᣬֻҪ֪ǴǺѾˡ
ŶǾôȷмֵ
ַЩɻ󡣾ȻôͶˣô磬ô֮ǰϣ֮ڵСĽʵ˵Уûκá
ǲȷļֵֻǹעһЩİףܻѶپҲûʧ㵽ǿԴĵǺֻܽۡǣȴûסǡ㻹ԼԴʱսᾧɣҷۣӦúܲǻܷ㡣
ôǾôųԶˣ
ַ񽥽ϵɢ
ʵҲ˳ˣӦöֻǸոʱ֮棬ַ忴ƺϢİ취ʱַ֮Ѿ˵׶ΣӽĽ׶Σĺ
ֻǸոʱ֮ô϶ԴҲ޽ӽǿ߰ˡַƣʲôΧɱԼ
ٺ٣ĵϸȻ̫㵽ǿԴΪ˵õǿʱսᾧӶʱ֮һɣôѾǿԴ޵ʵΣϣ֮ǣܶԸǿߵֶΣʵ̫̫ˣյϣ֮ǣͲףʱʵҪġ
ţ
ַüͷ֪Щ˻е˼ʲô
ʵҪ
ѵ
ɱ
һַ̣˶Էе˼ˡ
ŶԷһ£ʱ˶ʼˣֻǣǶ֣ûʩչԴһϤֲϢ
ʱս
ַʩչʱսһëȻǷǳֲĽ
ڣԷʱսһʮ
ʮʱսζʲô
ַҲ˽ʱսһʱս۸öͨʱսᾧʡԼãԪʱ䣬ŹһʱսΪѹ׵ıֶΡ
ڣʮʱսǿǺķһöͨʱսᾧ
֮Էһ־Ͷһöǿʱսᾧ
ַʮöǿʱսᾧƺɡʵϣҪһöǿʱսᾧʵϲס
ǣǿ߶ǣܻǿʱսᾧǿ¿ľǳµĻۣ˵רŸֽɱ£ӴĲƸʱսᾧȥ˰ʱս
һʱսʲôֵַܵס
ʮʱսǵغХַһʱ䶼ļµĸо·ʱսһ
ʱ
ʱַûκԥ
ָоֻʩչԴĵסʮҪЩʱս
ʱսܣֲԴһֵܹס
ַҲףΪˡûг׽ַĵϸͶˣʵʮʱսǳĵ
һһʱ죬ǿߣп﷭
¡
ַʱϱиĸоѸٵʧͬʱʱ֮ػʱЩʱսһʱ֮ʮ׷ΧҲѸ
ʣµĽ䵽ʱϣʲôã
޼᲻ݣʱսʮʱսô䵽ʱ֮ϡ
󣬾ͳΡ
ʱߣϵЦݶһӽסˡ


1911 ߵˣ
ôܣ
ʮʱսôò´ˣ
ܣܣǿߣвᱻʱսشնɱôһ¶ûУ
ߵȷǺܳԾַȻһ¶ûУʵ̫ˡǻ˾޴ĴۣʮʱսʵѾַǳˡ
ǾԲ﷭
ڣ˳׼ڲŷ֣ƺߵ壬塰ӲǸеЩ־塣
߸е𾪣ַأʵַҲЩŭһ㣬ղĸов
ʮʱսʱûɱ䣬ƾԴĵֵס
ߣûСַ壬෴൱ӣûлúôѾȻһöǿʱսᾧ
Ѿ֤Ƕַˣ
ͳͳ
ַһҲɱ¶˶ɱ⣬ˣʱ͵һͣѸٵסߡ
Ȼʱֻ֮ʮ׷Χʮ׷ΧڣȴʱԿƵ
ʱѸٿ͵סߡҲǿԴޣҲжԴҲֻԵֿһ°ˡ
ַԴȼյĻ棬񱩵ĶԴ˲㽫شֱӱʱһȫʱ֮ѹ
һʱǿɾˡ
ַûȤʻѹʱߣַһ֮£ʱչǱһӵϣ߶˺Ƭ
ַϸһµĶʱ֮ڣµĶַһ
ԴöͨԴᾧǿԴʮͨԴķᰡ
ַҲû뵽˵֮ࡣԴ֮⣬ַջҲǳ֮ࡣ
ȻջʵԴˣհˣǶһԴ
Դ֮УԴǳټ
ʵǿߣҪնɱһհҲǳѡ٣һЩֲĵƣ統ףҲӵһʱս
οˣҲȷһЩѹ׵ĶֻϧûãַʱѹԼԴĹȿֲĹ֮£ûκεֿ֮Ѿɱˡ
ַϸ鿴һԴǹĶԴʵַ岢ҪĶԴ
ΪѾӵ˹ඥԴٶ༸Ҳӹַʵû̫á
ַҪǴʵĶԴһЩĶԴֻǣһĶԴǳϡ١
ųϵĶԴǹࡣ
Դַ˵ʲôáȴҼ۸񰺹ԴصļֵƣԴҲϰöǿʱսᾧˡ
ϰöǿʱսᾧ
ַ΢΢һ
뵽һֿܡ
ԴﻹҪȥںðգ
ԴһַܻϰöǿʱսᾧԳһ£ܷʱ֮Ľ׶Σδ֮ˡ
ַƬ̣ջǾǰں
һΣĻ죬Χɱַ塣ˣַܹԴ£ҲֻһΡ
ϰöǿʱսᾧأˣǷǳõģοѾ֧¥öǿʱսᾧɲװ˷ѡ
ȥһ˺ںֻҪ̫Σգôַ϶ջ񣬺ֶΪ
ǣֱַת뿪۷뿪
ˣ
ַû뵽ո뿪ﲻãмӰ
ЩˣȻߡ
սˣ
ѵѾˣûôɣǻܾˣӶһ򾡡
ٺ٣Ϊע⵽ϣ֮ǵİߣ֪ȴסǣ
ţʱʯ
ǣʱʯʼʹãһĻĻĻ濪ʼݡ
ݵݣ⼸߶ļΪ𺳣þö˵ˡ
ҺãҪһ򾡣ûҿ̫ԭ˿ɲӣ尡
ߵˣ׶༪١
ߣϽߡԺһҪСĽҿɲ벽˵ĺ󳾡
ʵֲ̫ˣ±һǿ߻ҪǿǾȻڴһӽߵǿߵ⣿
Щ߿ʱݵݺһĶ²ѣ̺ˣϣ֮ǣﻹҼ׷٣
ס֮Ҳϣ֮ΪԲǵǿߣ


1912 ںӣȻǺɫĺӣ
ˣں򣡡
ַۣѾִ˺ں
˿̣еĺں򣬿дУǳȻûкں򸽽޾ĿֲϢĻǾ͸ˡ
ַоΪЩԴ޶ˣԽַ࣬Խˡ
ںӣȻǺɫĺӣ
ַۣվյУȥһ޴ĺˮīѹֱΪںӡ
ңںӺӵףַҲ޷壬ȴоһ˿˿в˵ںӺӵףǱһЩֲԴޡ
ȻַûںӺӵףǲô⡣
ں򸽽ԴޣַҲΪɨԴޣĿֱָ꣬ЩǿԴޡ
ţͷǿԴ޾ۼһ𡣡
ַľһɨȻͷǿԴޣȻۼһطֱ췽ҹ̷Ͳܡ
ںںȴΪʵ
ͷǿԴޣʱſһƬɽ֮УϢǿΧͨԴ޶ҿ
ַһ£ҪһӶԸͷǿԴޣ˵ʵһսֻʱ㹻ǿܹǣסͷǿԴޣѳʱôַԴͷǿԴҲͲˡ
䣡
һַ̣嶯ˡ
ʱΪһͷ䳲˲סͷǿԴޣҺݺݵĽٶ¡ֻϧʱֻ֮ʮ׷Χʵ޷ͷǿԴ޶С
ֻǿסһͷһͷǿԴ޶޷סûʱ֮ǣƣֻʱѽͷǿԴ޶ǣס
ͷǿԴƺ׼ŭˡ
ǣŭ𣬷šʩչſֲݺݵĺʱ
䣡
ʱǿ˿ֲĹҲ΢΢ĲţʱʣˣҪ빥ʱͲܡ
ͷǿԴûѸٵķɢߣǷĹʱַһϲ֪ˡ
ɱ
ַϸֳԴÿһԴڶַȫ߶ΪֲݺݵĺͷǿԴޡ
ô˵ַҲѾﵽǿԴ޵ĲΡȻֻǿǿԴޣϾǴﵽˡ
ڸʱǣƣˣַȫв
οԴַʱ֮ﵽ˵׶ΣǿﵽǿԴ޵ĲΡ˵ǿԴޣѾ㹻ˡ
նɱǿԴޣַ岢ҪԴֻҪѹʱмɡ
ַָоһʱ˵ǿԴˣǶԴޣҲѡ
䣡
Դȫֲ
ݺݵĺͷǿԴ޵ϡ
ͷǿԴ޷ŭţϵȴתһֵַ֣Ĺһ˲䣬ʱٶȱֲʱ֮˲һ֣ʱڸһɿֲͷǿԴ޶˽ȥ

ַ˿ȻЩѣվǳɹĽͷǿԴޡһַʱַһͷǿԴޣ˲ͱɱ
ţʱɱ䣿
Ȼַоʱ쳣Դ֮ǰʱɱ֮󣬳Ϊ˶ԴַһΪʱɱˡ
ϾûзֱȶԴǿı㣬ϾֻǵƲˡ
ҵҲֻһЩƬûһ
ڣʱȻǿζʲôַˡζţһ㹻ʱɵ㹻Ļпٴɱ䡣
һɱ䣬ʲô
ѲɻǴ˵е
ַҲͿˣڲŷ֣ƺʱ˽⻹̫̫ˣֻ֪ʱܲʲôĿֲԼҲ̫
ڵıʱԶһĶԴ
֮ǰַնɱߣɱͷǿԴޣҲַֻоʱǿ
ɱ䣿
ڻûӰ٣ַûиӦκɱļ
ղŵĸӦƲ⣬ʱٴɱĻ²֪ں϶ַ嶼볢һ£ܷں϶Դ
ȻԴǿԴкܴĲͬ¾ʱҲѷֽⶥԴ
Ϊֹû˵˭ܹһԴ
ʱֽܷⶥԴַҲðգóԴȥʱֽ⡣
ϾԴļֵַ̫ҪöԴȡǿʱսᾧӶټʱ֮򣬽ʱ֮ĵĽ׶Σַ֮أ


1913 ںȥˣ
ǿʱսᾧˣ
ַ忴ʱڣŵǿʱսᾧ¶һ˿ЦݣȻֻţȴһĿʼ
ǰûϣ֮ʱй޴ջ񣿶ֻǿʼ
ңҲַʶʱʵ࣡ԴַͬʱӦͷǿԴ޶·硣
ջ
ǣַѰ
ں򸽽ͨԴַ࣬ϢЩͨԴޣǿԴޣһ㶼ԼأǿԴ޲ụ֮ᣬҲͨԴ޿
ַַͷǿԴޣСֿʱ˳ɱöǿʱսᾧ
һΣַĶȽϴ˭֪ͷǿԴͷǿԴ޿ĺܽ˶׷ֱַǿɱ
һ£׾˺ںеЩǿԴޡ
𡭡
һɹɿµƣ
ַĸӦУвʮɿֲϢѸٵĿϢַ嶼ļµĸо˵ԶһǿԴޡ

ַ岻ٶˣʩչۣתӡ
ˣ
ۻΪһӰʧ˺ںֻһŭĺ
ಣ
ܿ죬ٴγ֣ѾԶ˺ں
ַ岢ûзϣ֮ǡʵϣҲûоںԶַۣʵ̫ˡ
һΣַŻðöǿʱսᾧôˣַҲ׬öǿʱսᾧʵ̫ϧˡ
ǣַ׼ðա
˵ðգۣôðգ
ֻҪǿԴΧôʱں
Ϣȥ
ַ֪ڵǿԴޣ϶ޱȷŭУȥҴ󲿷ǿԴ޶ۼһ
ˣҲҪԡ
ҪȥںҲҪٵһʱ䡣
ַʱ䣬ֱֳۣӴգص˺ں򡣴˿̵ĺںѾƽУȻʱ䣬ѾƽϢЩǿԴ޵ķŭˡ
ַСϢܿѾҵͷǿԴޡ
ͷǿԴޣǺܾ裬ַոճ֣ͱǸˡΧǿԴޣҲһξ룬ˣַû룬沫ɱ
ʱԼԴֳַɹɱͷǿԴޣ֮ǰնɱİͷǿԴޣַѾնɱ˺ںʮһͷǿԴޡ
ںԴ˵˽ǣԪˡ
ǿԴޣͨԴޣַΧɱ
ôԴޣѾˣַ嶼Щļ¡ַоһ룬һնɱ¾ͺˡ
һΣЩԴ޾Բ䵥ַᡣһǴһַͺնɱˡ
ǣַɴðգ˾ͷǿԴޣͷǿԴӲȻ΢һʱ䣬ɳɹնɱ
һʮͷǿԴޱַնɱ
𡭡
һͷǿԴޣֻһͷɷַ֮ļ¡ȻַӦںǿͷǿԴ֮һ⿿ַڵʵûаսնɱ
ˣַѡˡ
ৣ
һ˲䣬ַۣգۼѾʧ˺ں
ಣ
ַٴγַ֣峯һϡܵǿԴ޵ķŭֶΣʵںԴǷʤǳŭȴûκΰ취
ʮöǿԴޣ
ַһ£ѾʮöǿʱսᾧѾ൱ˣֻǣַﻹиҰģҪЩǿԴ޶һ򾡡
Ļ˷˹鱨öǿʱսᾧ
ȻַҲ˳޼ɵĳں򡣳ʵǿѾӽЩ߶⣬Ҫľۡ
Դ֮ţʱ֮ѹƣû۴գַһ뵽ΧУʵǿʮͷǿԴԼͨԴ޵ΧַҲ׶༪١
ַûǰںһΣںǿԴ˷ŭ»ȡʩˣַõϺܳһʱ䣬ǰں򡣷ۣѾڲ֮أȨС
һ¡¡¡
µʱȥˡ
ַʱҲˣǱ߶ۣһǰں
ˣ
һ
³ںںʱַ΢΢һ㶣ǰһĻЩšǰټһƬںȥ


1914 ְ
ַĿɿڴǰһƬ档
ǵģ档
деɽ֣ײˣеֻһ޴ĿӶһɢһɿֲϢ˷ѾΪƽء
¡
Ȼһضɽҡ
ַܵĲǳǿңһ۾ܸӦһߵĺںԶһǿԴޡ
ѵǡ
ַ뵽һֿܣѸٵĿСĲ̽š
ܿ죬ַѾԴͷпֲʮͷϵǿԴޣڷĴսš
һЩ͵ԴޣӺںӵ߳˰ϣЩǿԴ޴սšַĲ²ʵȻںӣΪںںӵеԴ޴ս
ں֮ǰַѾ˽⵽ںе֪ںеԴޣʵǷΪֱ֣ǰԼӵס
Դޣ½ϵԴޡ
ӵҲԴޣˮϵԴޣ˫֪ʲôԭ򣬼ˮݣһƱչս
ڣ˫ڽżҵĴսղַ忴ĺںΪƽأʵϾ˫սನںΪƽء
ַû
ִսʵǳֲвͻ⵽Χַۣʱ򶼲һʱߡ
ϸĹ۲˫
ЩںӵеԴޣǿҲֻǿԴޡЩǣˮϵԴޡ
һ뿪ˮ뵽½صУǵʵͻۿۡˣͷϵĺںӺӵ׵ĹޣܶԸһͷ½ϵԴޡ
ͬһ½ϵԴ޽ںӵУôʵ͸ۿۡ
ˣƺںӺӵ׵ԴޣҲҪӵף½У½ϵԴ޲ҵɱһ
Ȼսܲңʵϣ˫ȴܵ͡ǿԴޣ㱻ܣҪ볹ɱǱȽѡ
½ϵԴޣռϷ硣Ͼ½ϣǵʵռƵġ
ֻǣһƺһˡ
ַϸһ󣬷ǿԴ޵ϣ½ϵԴ޾ȻռơⲻַЩ㵡
ϸһ룬ƺҲ֣֮ǰַǸոնɱ˰ͷǿԴޡǿǰͷһͷˣ½ϵԴ٣ӶںӺӵ׵Դ޴ս·硣
ҲΪ˫սüΪҡ
ʲô𣿡
ַ忴һ΢΢üͷ
Դ֮䣬Ե޹ʵսοںӺӵ׵Դ½ϵԴޣ˫Ҫͬ滷֮Ҳûгͻôһֱս
سͻǾͻ
ܹԴޣһһΣɱǿ϶ԭĿܣʲô
ֻǣַҲǺںԴޣȻЩԴʲôַ˵ȴһᡣ
½ϵԴ޻ǺںӺӵ׵ԴޣǿԴޣôնɱǺȻȻܹǿʱսᾧַĿģˣ̵ְַ͵ѰҺʵʱǶһ򾡣
ںںӺӵףܴΣգַθɣնɱǿԴޣõǿʱսᾧ̾뿪
ںӺӵжԴޣҲַ޹ˡ
⣬ַ͸СĽϢ۲ǰսѡһʵʱӶһٷ
Ļ٣ס
ַݷƺϢûˣڵȴʱ
ںںУ˫սܼңʮͷǿԴޣʼ˷ս½ϣһκںӺӵ׵ԴռơʵķӣǱ½ϵǿԴѹס·硣
ͨ
мͷǿԴޣֱӴ˺ӵס
˫Ϊ˼սŶͷǿԴ޾ۼһս
ַǰһһûᣬǧѷĻᣡ
ĿǰַļޣžǶͷǿԴޣһͲܱ֤һˡ
ֻͷǿԴޣôһ˲䣬һ򾡡
ǣַ忴׼ʱԥ̶ˡ
ಣ
һַ̣һӰһͻȻ˫սϡͬʱַһӣʱƺƵٶ£ʱ֮һסͷǿԴޡ
ѹ
ַһȣʱͲأ϶ᱻ֣ôҪľǿ죬һʱ䣬ҪǰͷǿԴ޶ѹ
ͷǿԴޣͷǺںӺӵ׵Դޣֻһͷ½ϵԴޡ
ˣѹͷ½ϵԴޣҪһЩ


1915 Դŭ
䣡
ַٶȼ죬֮ƣǿѹ
ʱǶԴ
˿ֲ£һ˲䣬ͽǿԴ޶뵽ʱ֮У˲ɱ
һΣַĸܵʱȷ
ϾͷǿԴޣɲͨԴޣ̺ǿĿ¡
𡭡
ַһɱͷǿԴޡ˿̣ǺںӺӵ׵Դޣ½ϵԴޣƺעַϡ
ǣ˫Դ޶ŭˡ
ֻǵķӦ죬ַٶȸ졣
ǽͷǿԴɱͬʱֶַˡλãһΣͷںӺӵ׵ǿԴޣһͷ½ϵǿԴޡ
ͷǿԴޱַʱһַ֣䲻⣬ԴѸٵѹһͷͷǿԴޣȻҲͲֵַܵ׷˳ѹ
գۼ䣬ַѾɱͷǿԴޣ൱ڻöǿʱսᾧֱ˼顣Ǽ֮ǰõİöǿʱսᾧ
̶ʱڣַͻʮöǿʱսᾧջ񣬲֪Ľַȴ⣬˵øǿʱսᾧ
ңǰ
ַٶʵ̫ˣң½ϵԴںӺӵ׵Դ໥ǣƣںܷŭҲ֡
͸ַᣡ
ɱ
ֱַ޼ɵٴαһսںںڰߣźΪദս
˷ǿԴǣڷɱšͨԴҲûţڶͨԴޣڷɱš
ַĳ֣ЩͨԴޣʼΧַ塣ַֻʵվŲͬʱЩͨԴҲƲԴķ
οַ廹ʱ
ַ弸ֱӵķʽʩչʱʮ׷Χʱ֮ѹһС·뵽ʮ׷ΧԴޣͳͳʱɱ
ɱԽ࣬ʱ˵Ǿ֣
޾֣ϻܻôͨʱսᾧӲֶͨΪ
ȻַûĿġ
ˣַٵٶȣЩǿԴޡ
ʮһͷʮͷʮͷʮһͷ
̶ʱڣַ弸ңݺ޵СжʮһͷǿԴޣַɱ˶ʮһöǿʱսᾧ
Ǽ֮ǰİöǾǶʮöǿʱսᾧ
еζַˡ
ںֻʮͷǿԴޣȻָǰߣָ½ϵԴޡ
ַѾնɱʮͷ½ϵǿԴޣʣµȫǺںӺӵ׵Դޡ
һΣ½ϵԴ޻ǺںӺӵ׵Դޣʧء
˫֮ĴսѾΡʵϣܴĺܲңĻͨԴޡ
ǿԴޣȻսʵϣԴ޵Ҳ൱ǿϺ䡣
ַֻ壬ʱȳԽĿֲһʱڣôֻ·һ
ˣȫЩԴޡ
𡭡
ַնɱʮһͷǿԴ֮ĺҲͷˡ
һԶһǿԴ޵Ϣ͵ıַ̧ͷȥһͷӴ󵽼ĿֲԴޣͷǺںӺӵ׵ԴޣȴûͷӴԴޡ
ԣԴ޲޴
Ǿ㲻ϣҲʱ򣬻ǣˡ
Ѿʧ˶ʮһͷǿԴޣ½ϵĻǺںӺӵ׵ԴޣʧأλǣƣӶַ˿ӣ
ˣ½ǿǿԴ֮һֱӳַٶ֮죬ֱ˼ַһʱ߶뿪ΧԴޣֱһǰ̣Ĳסַ塣
ַûʱ߶ۡ
һ鷳ˣ
ַЩԴ޿϶ǵõͷǿԴ޵ǰ̣ǣơַ塣
Ŀľַ޷뿪
һͷǿԴ޸ϵôַҲ߲ˡ

ַ峹ױԴʱ΢΢һʱ֮ǷĽɱЩͨԴޡ
ֻǣôһ飬ͷǿǿԴѾϵˡ
ס
ַ˿̽ʱǰƾͷǿԴ޺ݺײʱ֮ϡ
¡
ʱھҵţʱ֮򶼱ֱѹƣ޷ͷǿԴޡַԴзԴȴɸоǧܵ˾ҵĳ
ôǿԴޣ
ַһû뵽ǿԴ޵УȻҲǿԴޣֱ


1916 ӵеһ
ַһȾãֻжԴ޲ܶв
ڣôһͷӴǿԴޣһιַо˾޴ѹʱǿǹɿֲַ֮ͳܲ
ֵַܵҲֵס೤ʱ䡣
οиԴޣѾĳַΧһıΧôַһЩֶΣҲ׶༪١
һַ̣оΣ
ѹֺں߶ԸȻûжԴޣȴɲһǿĵط
̫СЩԴޣʱҲ̫ˡ
ȥУ뿪
ַ御żȴǿԼ侲ʩչ߸ͲʵΨһİ취Ǿˡ
ﵽԴޣ飬ˣ
ˣںӺӵף
ַ忴һۺںӣƺ뵽ʲôǰһںӺӵ׵Դޣȫ˺ӵףʱĺӵףûʲôΣա
ߣ
뵽ַԥ̳ˣźںзȥ
ͷǿԴĺǿǿʱͲܱơַ忿ʱսˣգ͵һݣ漴ͨһѾ˺ںӺӵס
һĻԭͺܷŭǿԴ޸Ǳףֻǣںӣջսʤ˷ŭûм׷ȥ
½ϣʵǿǿܺܽӽԴޡǵ˺ںӺӵףʮɵʵֻܷӳһ룬ʱΣա
ˣͷǿԴûټ׷ɱȥ
½ϵԴû׷ɱںӺӵ׵Դ޲׷ɱַ֮ǰɱǿԴ޵УҲвǺںӺӵ׵Դޡ
½ϣЩԴκβַ壬ںںоͲһˣЩԴ޵ĵ̡
ǣںӺӵ׵ԴޣХųַ׷
أ
ַһںӺӵף̾͸о˲ͬоںӵˮƺطˮܲһˮܳأǧ֧֮ţȴֳصĸо
ң޷Ưһֱ³
ǣʹƿܵĺˮȻܹƯͻķѺܴȥƿܵĺˮһʵҲܷӳһ롣
ַҲˣǧ֮ܵ˺ܴӰ죬ԴҲһܵĺˮѹš
ʱκӰ죬⵹ǲеҡ
ַ󲿷ֵʵʱ޼ԴҲֻǡˡˣ뵽ںӺӵ׵УַҲ̫ңܿ
øϽ뿪
ַ忴ԽԽԴޣַ׷ʱ򣬺ЩԴ޾ûκ塣
ַֻٰط
ǣַ߶ǧ֮ѸٵںںӺӵ׵ٶȲ̫죬һЩԴ׷ϣַҲʱһֱӾͽˣֱѹ
ںںӺӵףʱǲκӰ졣
ַ峯һ򣬷ߡģоΧԴԽԽ٣ӵ׵¶ƺҲԽԽͣⶼ͸ַǧ֮ڡ
û׷
ַ忴˿һͷԴ޶û׷ȴûзɣЩ̫
ںӺӵ׵ЩԴޣôû׷
˵ʲôЩͨԴ޶еηĴڣ
ַӵСĽСǰ̽ţûиоԼ˶ԶʱðͷܱܿԴ޷֣ˣԾͼǰ̽
ּʱַȻǰһ
ڵĺӵ׵УȻһܴȫȴǺɫģīںӵ׵׳ɳ
һóںӵ׵
ôЩ֡
ؼȴַļ£ͬʱһɷǳǿҵ
йŹ֣
ַСĿΪ˲ɢκϢֱӾͽ뵽ʱСȻòݣȴǳΡ
ʱֻʱյϢԴ֮Уɢʱ֮Ϣѱ֡
ַʱĿȻͣΪǿǰһЩԴޣҸϢֲԲһԴޣٶǿԴޡ
ЩǿԴںӵףĶƺڴʲô
ַһͷǿԴޣΧһȦܡ

ˮһͷԴޣͷԴȴǸްԣֲͱַڰܵ׷ɱͷԴ޻ҪӴ
ϢҲǿȻǺںӺӵУΪǿԴ֮һ
ͷԴǰƺԵú˷ܡ޴צУӳһɢŵâĶֱӵ˴¡
ʱЩĶ͸˺ӵ׵У󱻴ա
ţһ𶯣һִ֦УԼһźɫĹӡԴ޶Ŀ¶īĹӣƺŹӶǷǳҪ


1917 ɫ
ࡱ
ڣһŹѾ졣
˺ӵףͷӴǿԴ޸ˣʱͷǿԴ¶һı顣
ңϵϢʼѸٵţӴƺš
ŹӣֱԴ޵ʵ
ʱڵַ壬һĻԵúܳԾ
û뵽һùȻ档
ùֱԴ޵ʵʵַ˵Ҳûжá
ĹӣԴ޵ͣһϵԴޡַ壬ʲôã
ʱ
Ϊַĸǧ磡
ŹӣȻ޷ַǧ磬ϾǧѾŵϵļޣ޷ټˡ
ַȤͷǿԴ޸ղӳһѽɫâַǿҵļ¶
·
ǰѽɫĹâʲô
ַܺ棬ǣǱš
ֻһŹӣѾǿԴ޸ˡ
ƺͷԴɲ㣬¸ĹӣԴţƺѵʲô
ãͷǿԴ޶ͷѸ뿪˹ƺѭǿԴ޵ķԸǰĳط
ַһϵĸȥ
һùͷӴԴػַûлᡣ
οַҲû⡣
Ҫ֪ǽɫϢ
ͷǿԴ޵󣬺ܿѾԶǿңַƺͷǿԴϸ

ܿ죬ͷǿԴ޾Ȼˮ档ֱŰȥ
ַе֣ЩǿԴȥ½ϸʲô
˿̣Ѿ飬ܲŴںӺӵ׵ԴޣƺѾռһİߡ
սûнд½ϵԴޣͼһط
ַСĽϢա
ҿ̫ȴʱעͷǿԴޡ
ڣַ忴ˡ
ͷǿԴޣֱں򰶱ϵɭ֮С
ַԼԿһĨɫ
ַ嶼Ϊļ¡
ָоĨɫѵ֮ǰͷǿԴ޵õı
ַЩ˷ܡ
ãһײʲô˲õĶ
ںӺӵ½ϵԴ޻ɱΪֽɫ
ַ岻ҿ̫Ҷãֻܰй۲졣
ֺܴ󣬶ҺأַУ˭Ҳ޷֡
ֻԶԶĸͷǿԴޡ
ڣɭг˸Ľɫâǳۡ
ַ忴ɭһɽȣɽУһޱȾ޴Ļ䡣
仨䣬ʽɫƬɽȡ
ɫĻ䣬˿ƺѾŨ˼㣬һ˿˿ɫҺ壬ӻ˳ĳɽš
ɽΧַ忴һۣвɵһ
üһ飬ȻǿԴޡ
һʮͷô򵥣ʮͷ
ǿԴޣһĶĽɫ䣬׼ȷ˵ǽɫҺ廢
⵽ʲô
ַ𺳡
ʮͷǿԴ޵Уμķֳɡ
ַϸһ׷ֱɾ½ϵԴԼںӺӵ׵Դޡ
ȻǶЩɫҺ塣
ַѾףЩ֮以ɱôʱ䣬ҸͲϧһдۡ
ĿģΪɫĻ
˵ΪɫµĽɫҺ塣
ںӺӵ׵ǿҪЩɫҺ壬ܹӡ˵ܹӿӵ
Щ½ϵԴޣȻҲĿġ
һǺñ
ַЩԾԾԡ
֪ЩɫҺʲôá
֪һǺñȶԴҪõı
ңǧ磬Ȼ
ĪǣЩɫҺ壬ǧ綼
ֻǣʮͷǿԴޣлһЩ޽ӽԴ޵Ŀֲڡ
ַóȻ룬ֻ·һ
ЩԴޣƺɫӡۣԳ䲻⡣
ַʵڲԸô
ܣôԴޣַҲһ˿־壬ôӲԸ⡣
οҲȫûлᡣ
ЩԴޣ໥ǣƵԭ
ֻǶɫϧƻɫ䣬ˣɽΧûн뵽ɽ֮С
ƾɫ䣬ϵ˴ĽɫҺ壬һֱ˹⣬ǲŻᶯ֡ɽڶ֡
ַĻᡣ
ߣҪôԴ޻֮£ڶʳǼܡ
Ͼһж̾ͻᱻЩԴ޲
ַۣδزһԣ


1918 ںϽɫҺ壡
뵽ַѾ¶˾ġ
żȵɫҺʱٶ֡
ʱ˫ƴһַĻᡣ
һ졢졢졭
һʮʱ䣬ɫĽɫҺ壬˹⡣
ʱվ˹⡣
ַһֱȴĻҲˣ
𡭡
ŽɫҺɽ⣬ʱ˫Դ޶ʼ
ʮͷǿԴޣʼᡣ
ʣµԴޣɻĶɽȡ
ᣡ
ַǰһ
ǧѷĻᡣ
ǣַ岻ԥ
ৣ
΢΢һռ΢΢ɢ漴ʧӰ
ţ
һЩԴ޸ӦʲôϸһӦʲôûзֻ֣ò֮
ˣ
ַ߶ۣգۼ䣬Ѿɽڡ
䣡
ͻأĳɽ⣬Դ޶ˡ
ޱȵķŭƺҪַ˺Ƭ
ַֻ΢΢һ֣סɫĻ䡣
ʱǱ׵ԴҲͣҿ
Ч
ַһϲȻЧ
в
ɫ䣬вЩԴޡ
һͻٵɫ䡣
ַȷţɫ䣬ЩԴ޷ǳǳҪ
ڿȻˡ
ЩԴ޲ҿַҲҶ
ʵϣַҲɫֱŲƵǧ֮С
ҲĵرضĻĹ
һŲƣܾܿͻˡ
ַ廹֪ɫ䵽ʲôãھͻˣʵ̫òʧˡ
ˣַҲûнɫŲƵ뷨
ЩɫҺ壬ַȴ־ڱصá
Ҳ̫ܵʱ䡣
ʱԽԽпֱܳʡ
˭֪ЩԴʲô
ˣַǧ֮˴ĽɫҺ塣
ЩԴ޴Ҳԥ߶ۣ˲ʧӰ
ַߺЩԴ˭ףں
Դ޶ѵõֹͣɱ

˿ַ̣֮ڣѾһӴϣ֮ǡ
Ȼ֪ںЩޱףֹͣɱ
Щַ޹ˡ
ѾصĽɫҺ塣
һˣַջķᡣ
Ȼֻǻ˶ʮöǿʱսᾧҲǳˡ
ο֮ǰʮöǿʱսᾧַڿʮöǿʱսᾧ
ʮöǿʱսᾧûдﵽ֮ǰַƶĿ꣬öǿʱսᾧĳ̶ȡ
ֻںںջ
ַ·ϣնɱߣԴ
Դ
㰴ձعֵһԴҲʮöǿʱսᾧϡ
Ʒʲģܹϰööǿʱսᾧ
ԴʵѾﵽַҪ
οʮöǿʱսᾧ
ַѾˡ
ҲŴԴ
ϣԴͨԴ⣬ǿԴԼԴͲ·
ǶԴһһ˿Ϣ̻ͷӵˡ
ַ岢żǹһԺӣǳӴ
Ȼʮöǿʱսᾧ
ϣ֮ǣҲֵ
ֻӵԼסַŻᰲġ
סڿջĶ֮Уչ鲻ǳ֮ơ
ַ뵽֮Уʼ鿴һεջ
ǽɫҺ壬ַָоԼİǳ޴
ЩԴޣŽɫҺ壬ϧΪ˱˴ɱԪ
ЩɫҺ
䣬ַǧ磬ƺһЩڴƺҪЩɫҺ塣
ַվԭ
Ѳɣҵǧţ
ַоɲ
ǧ磬ַѾŵ۵ļޡ
һҲΪǧ粻ˡ
ܹţַ⿿ǧ磬¶ܸһ¥
ֻǣ
ַ˿漴¶˾ġ
̣
ַһνɫҺ塣
ֻһΣҲַһԡ
һʲôַ֮Ҳܼʱֹͣ
ţʼ͡
ַܸоʼͣƺ
ֻǣַ˵ûʲôá
ĸǧ磡
ַһԣʵ뿴ЩɫҺ徿ûΣա
ڿûʲôΣա
ǣַͳ׷ˡ
ſǧ硣
ʮνɫҺ壬ӽǧ֮ڡ
ںϣ
ַǧ磬ͼںʮνɫҺ塣
ˣ
ַԤϡ
ɫҺƺޱǧ硣
Ȼ׾پںˡ
ңһرĸо
񡭡ǧ磬š

ַǧ磬Ѿﵽ˼ޡ

ַҲĻڴ΢Щţĸǧı仯


1919 öǿʱսᾧ
ʮνɫҺ塣
࣬ҲԲ١
ʮΣ㹻һˡ
ǣַǧǸַ岻顣
һʲô⣬ǿɾ˸׷Ī
ǧںʮνɫҺ壬ַԸоƺǧ綼һɶ
ǧƵġ
ܹ
䣡
һ̣ǧ·ϡ
š
Žֻһ˲ʮνɫҺ壬չ鲻ʲôȴĵȷȷǧļޡ

ɫҺ徿ʲô
ߣɫ䣬ʲô
ַоɲ
ܹɫߣõĽɫҺ壬ǲǾζţǧܹŸࣿ
ǺεȵĿ£
Ŀǰַʵм档
һ棬ǧﵽ˼ޣ޷š
ڶ棬ʱ֮Ҳû˵
棬ʱʱչѹƵģѾɱʱʵҲֻܷӳСһֵʵ
ַǧܹٶ
ﵽǿԴ޵ĳ̶ȡ
Ǿζţֱַǧ磬סЩǿԴޣӶʱӳȫܡ
ʱһַǧ統С
ʲôԴֵܹסʱ
ʱǺɨѹ޵У
Դ֮£ַ忰޵У
ȻַֻƲ⡣
ȻɫҺܹǧţŶ٣ַԼҲûаա
ȫںϣ
ַҲٳˡ
ȻѾԹˣǾͷһ
ǣðյõȫɫҺ壬ͳͳǧ֮С
ˣ
ǧ·һ㣬š
漴ǧ翪ʼš
ÿһεţʵ϶ַ˵ڴƼޡ
ˣÿһŶ쳣Ѻʹࡣ
·ǧ綼Ҫһ
Ǵš
һ졢졢졭
תۼ䣬ʱѾȥ˼µʱ䡣
ַǧŷǳȴûֹͣһһɵš
Ų̫࣬ÿһڴƼޣ
ڣºַڽɫҺҲʧ
ǧҲͣ

ַϸĸӦǧ硣
ʵַǧѾӴˡ
˵ҲͬСɡ
ҵǧ磬ӦǿסǿԴˡ
ַš
ʵҲҿ϶
˵š
˭֪ЩǿԴ޵ıΣ
ַǧ磬˼ޣ
ʵΣַԼҲ̫
ǧǿɲֻǧǿô򵥡
ַѾû˽ɫҺ壬Ҳ޷پȥˡ
Դ
һջ࣬ɲһֱС
ٴջתΪʵǾ㲻ʲôջ
ˣַǧȻ޷ţǾʱ֮
ǣַ׼ȳԴ
÷ֱҴ̻ᡣ
Ҳûֻ̳֣ѯʼ۸
ÿһֻһԴ
ȻַϣڶԴ˵Ͳ·
Щ̻ỹһþŻݣҪһԴ
¸мҲϧ
ԭܼ򵥣ϡΪ
Դʵ̫ˡ
Щ̻ἴ̻ᵱУ̻ѹᱦҲ൱ܹ̻
һЩ̻ᶼᡣ
һԴûУɻᱻɡ
ˣַԴȻ㲻ϺܺõĶԴÿһȴ۳˸߼ۡ
Դһʮöǿʱսᾧ
൱ÿһԴ˾ʮöǿʱսᾧĸ߼ۡ
ʮöǿʱսᾧټ֮ǰַ幺סʣµʮöǿʱսᾧ
ַϣܹӵöǿʱսᾧ
һС֡
෴һʾ޴ĲƸ
ԭַϰöǿʱսᾧ󣬾ʱ֮
öַġ
ַ崦ʱ֮׶ΣѾʼĴδ֮
ˣڽӽĽ׶εĳ̶ȡ
ƺֻһ㣬ʵҪͻƣȴǳѡ
ܶԴ֮ʮϰٸԪҲ޷ͻڵĽ׶Ρ
ΪһͻĽ׶ΣԴ̫ôܳΪǿߣΪߣ
ַѾǿˡ
һʱ֮ͻƣδ֮˵Ľ׶Ρ
ôʣһΪߡ
ֲĶߣ
ˣһַ˵Ҫ
ΨгΪߣַܽӴԴ֮ŵء
ֻгΪߣַܸʵ
˽⵽ɫء
չأ
ַ¶˾ģȻʼչء


1920 δ֮
öǿʱսᾧ
һʲƵ֡
ַ彫öǿʱսᾧԼʱ֮Ǿ͸˲ˡ
ַһöһöͣЪʹǿʱսᾧַ뵽ʱʣ·侳ĸо
ȥڡδʵû֣һ塣
ַԺг϶Ļ档
Щǹȥļ䣬Щ̫
ЩδƬΣδܣЩƬΣδ
ַ岻ڼ˼ʶʱյС
ʱţַ嶼ûʶһʶĳʱʵУǻᱻʱͬ
ʱû˭ַܹ塣
ǳʱգܹʱյеΰڡ
˭޷ַ塣
һΣַƺ˺ܳʱ䡣
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡢһꡭ
תۼ䣬ʱѾȥˡ
ͨ˵Ǻ̵ܶһʱ䡣
ַ˵ѾǷǳһʱˡ
ңʱ֮Уûѵļ
ǰǿʱսᾧҲѸٵļ١
ʮöʮöʮöһö
ÿһöǿʱսᾧʹһʱ䡣
˵һΣַѾ׳ʱ֮С
Ѿδ֮
ǰַܹżյδһЩϢ߻ƬΣʵϣԶԶδ֮
ʲôδ֮
ֻҪַ룬ôδͻֿܡ
һʲô£ôֻֿܡ
δܹ֮ʱʱ̣֪̿δֱ仯
ˣһﵽ̶ֳȵߣ̤ʱձʵ֮·
ϣˡ
ԭܼ򵥣һʲôΣգᱻǰ֡
ߣǾδƬλ֮һ
Ȼܱ֤Զ䣬ǲ䡣
δ֮ﵽʱ֮Ľ׶εǿߣʵԶԶڶߵ
ΪߣҪδ֮Ҫࡣ
һꡢһʮꡢꡢʮꡭ
תۼ䣬ʱѾȥٰʮꡣ
ַöǿʱսᾧҲֻʣʮö
ȴûδ֮٣û
ˣ
Ȼַǧʱճӣҵ
ͬʱַϸֳһʱ֮
Ũʱַ֮ȫ
ʱ֮ʱչƺҲ޷ȫѹơ
䣡
ַǧʱճӣҵķţ󣬱֮ǰʮϣ
ʱճӣַʱ֮硣
ˣ
ַ۾ޱ䣬·̺İء
δַ֮Ѿźӵ׶Ϥеİء
ڣַһͷܿδƬΡ
ĳ˵ַھδ֪
ȻδĿܣҲֱ仯
ÿһ̵ľֹδӦı仯
磬ַҪɱԱǧ磬δͻֳľ档
ˣδ㲻䣬ֻйȥ㲻䡣
ڣַѾʱ֮к˽ˡ
֮ǰ㣬ʱ֮׶Ρ
ĸ׶ξδ֮Ȼ׶ξǳ׳ʱա
ڿδ֮볬ʱգ֮ôңԶ
٣δֻ֮˽δƬΡ
ַ廹޷δ߻صȥĳ׶Ρ
Ŀǰַġ
ʱշǳӣǣһȫ
磬ַǻصȥնɱ˵ˣǲǵ˾ͳʧˣ
ĳϣ
ؼַ޷󵽹ȥնɱˡ
ǣ浽ʱյֲ档
ڴδǾ͸Ǹˣδֿܣĸδ
ˣַʱ֮Ľ׶֮ʵӦûиϸĻ֡
Ȼַֻ㡣
ʵϣʱ֮ûʲô֡
ЩҲһ
ǵĿģҲûԴ֮ھͳʱ֮ʱ֮͸ʱա
׷Դ֮磡
ֻҪԴ֮磬Ǿ׷Ѱİء
׷Ѱ㣡
ַδ֮
ַ˵Ҫ
δܹ֮ʱ֮ˡ磬Դ֮ڣʱչѹܹʱ֮
ַδ֮ʱһϣʵѾඥߵǰ档
ȻַҲܷӳߵʵˡ
ǿ
ǿʲô̶ȣַҲ
ҲȥҶԴԣֱҶԡ
ȥںһˣõĽɫҺ壬ǧ磡
ַ緢
ʱ֮Ѿãںûʲôܹв
ǰںڱУϾַɫ䣬߽ɫҺ־ڱصá


1921 ɺںӣ
Ǻں򣿡
ߣѾٵ˺ںС
ÿһλǿߣոմ¥鱨
ںеǿԴޣƺΪǰһսࡣ
ҲҪðգնɱǿԴޣǿʱսᾧ
ֻǣںʱȴͺͺһƬֻʣһɫ
ڰߣ
ƺΪƽءһ۾ܿսĲҳ̶ȡ
˵ںӺӵ׵Դޣ밶½ϵԴˮݣսܼҡǿԴ޶˲١
ҲǵĻᡣ
ΧһͷǿԴޣаյġ
ǿߣԵֻѹǿԴޣͨǿԴޡ
ҪնɱͲܡ
ǵʵûдﵽܹնɱǿԴ޵ĵز
ףһͷǿԴޡɽȵС
ǾͶ֣
СһЩ
ѸٵĿͷǿԴޡ
ֻǣ֮ǲŷ֣һͷǿԴޣ
ʮͷ
ôôǿԴޣ
ܡ
ãˣ
ǿߣԭСĽ
ЩǿԴޣҲԼˣӦˡ
ǿԴǺܷŭ
ǰһߣȻðǵʥһʥĿ֮£Դ޷
˫սһʧء
ǲǸߡ
ڣȻԱ߿ӣЩԴ޵ͷŭˡ
𡭡
ʮͷǿԴ޷ŭǿߡ
ʱɫˡ
ʲô
ʮͷǿԴްǵȿµƣ˭ֵܵ
ӣҪ֮Կ
ңܹںҲ˳׼
ݣ
һȦɫâһסˡ
ʱ˵ٶȼΪһ⣬˦ʮͷǿԴޡ
һ㣬Һ׼
ǿ԰Ǵ˿ͷҲڴ¥
¥鱨ﲻ˵ںԴ޾һսʧôڻôԴޣ
ǿԴ޲һͷͷʮͷ
⻹Դʧأ
ǲһͷȥ¾׶༪ˡ
㹻ˣվˡ
ǵʮͷǿԴ޻˻šֻǣȴôҲ׷ǵٶȡ
ǻںںϿգ׵ĺˮȻļµĸо
Ծ
һ߸ո˵ꡣ
ʱںӶ·޴˻ϯһޱȾ޴ͷ­ȻӺںӺӵ͵Ĵ˳
⡭⡭
𾪵ͷԴޡ
һͷ­ޱȾ޴ֱӳһ
䣡
·ضһӰ
ֲϯǿߣʧɫ£ʩչԼĶԴ
ֻǣɿֲǰƺû˿á
ôܣǶԴޡ
¥鱨󡭡
λ߲ҽһ
󣬾ѾںеͷԴһ̽˿У˺ӵ׵С
ԶϵһȺԴޣһĶ鸴ӣĿи¶һ˿η֮ɫ
ԴޣںӺӵ׵Դ޵УȻ˶Դޡ
´Ӵ˺ں򣬾ǺںӺӵԴ޵ˡ
ˣ
ͻȻյдһȦȦϵĵ
һҷ۴յз˳
ЩԴ޶΢΢һ㶣漴ǿŭ
ǻǵãҷۣǰǵǰһʥ
ڣ߾Ȼˣ
ַ˳һЩʮͷǿԴޣ漴ۡ
Դô
ַʵˡ
ǿߣҲûг
ַȻ˸ղһĻںӺӵ׾Ȼ˶Դޡ
ңԴ޵ģַȻϤ
ǵںӺӵǿôǰ棬ͷӴ͵Դ
ͷԴޣѾԶԶһǿԴޡ
ңǿôĹŹֹʵƺǿԴ޵ʵ
û뵽תۼʱȥ
ͷǿԴޣȻɳ˶Դޡ
£¥ûе鵽鱨
Դޣַη
δַ֮壬ʵѾܹʱܹ֮ӳĶԴٰ˳ʵ
ͽܷӳԴˡ
οʱ
ˣַҲ֪˿жǿ
ȴܿ϶ӦúǿǿǿһĶߡ
ڣǰͷոսĶԴޣպÿַһԡ
ҿ
ַгѪƣ͵Ĵ߶Ѫƣʱ֮Ѫϣʱչѹơ
ȻȫȴѪƷӳٰ˳ɵ
䣡
ѪɫĻ棬նӳճѪɫ
ֲĻ棬һסںӣ·ҪںӶɡ


1922 նɱԴޣ
￴һĻһһ
ⲻͨĺǺںӣ
ںӺˮһ޷͸ȥɺںӺˮǸǲܡ
仹ôԴ޵İΧ֮£ܡ
ڣַ߶Ѫơ
һɿµĻ棬סƬںӣ¶ȼߣںӺˮۿɼٶȣѸټš
ʱһַ廹пںӡ
𡭡
ںеԴ޶ھֵŭţҪַֹ壬ֻǣַѪ֮£ǶҪճɻҽַֹ壿
һЩǿԴޣов
ֻںӵײðͷ
ַġԵɼһߣ
䣡
ںӺӵеͷԴޣӲַľٶŭˣӴٴγ֡
ַѪƵȷǿޱȣԷǿ
ںںӵУܹúںӵ
޴ĺںӣ캧ˣַѪɫͬʱӿȣַϯ
ֲַһʱ䶼оһ˿в
Ҳֻһ˿вˡ
ߣף
ַһȭ
һΣǾס
Դר֮ǿֱ˼һ֮£ǿ˼顣
ַѾδܹ֮ʱ֮˲֮ءңԴҲܷӳٰ˳ɵܡ
װ˳ɵߣ
¡
һȭںӶѹ⡣ֲѹںӡ
ͷԴޣҲӲҽ˺ںӵС
𡭡
Դ޷ŭϯ
ַֻһһȭֽҽ˺ںӺӵ׵С
һΡΡΡ
ַֻǶԴȴѾѹסͷԴޡ
ʵϣղŵսַ˵ֻһ£ڵʵжǿ
ղţѾһ˽⡣
ڣַ岻׼ټȥˣýսˡ

ַʩչ˵Դ
ûʩչʱΪûбҪ
ַʵ̫ǿ̫ǿδַ֮壬ʵֹʮٱֹ
ַʵղѾԳˡ
㵥ʩչһԴҲѹͷԴޡ
οڻԴһ֣
¡¡
٣Χն·𱻽һ㡣
߱ѹáȻԶԶȲʱЧҲΪ
ܹӳ˳ܣ˲ͽĶԴ޽סˣܻھҵȴ޼¡
ţַѪơַ󡣲ϵĺŶԴޣģͷԴҲ˿ȻѾҪ֧Ųסˡ
ܹһ֮ѹƶԴޣѾǳˡ
˵նɱ
ֻЩߣܹնɱԴޡ
ʱսߣܹնɱԴޡ
ʱսһնɱһͷԴޣԴ֮ڵˡ
ַ忿ԴѹסͷԴޡ
ҪնɱĻúķһʱ䣬ĺš
ʱһĹȥ
ڣͷԴҲ֧Ųס
ַľ˲ɱӴķѣľϢ
Դޣǿ
ַ壬ѾѹƶԴޣûжʱ£ȴҲֻĵİ취һһĺľԴ޵
ܽԷնɱ
ȻǶʱǾͲһˡ
ַĿǰϣǿֶɻʱʱ֮Ѿδ֮ʱܷӳǿܡ
ʱһݺ޵еļơ
ֻʱԸͷԴޣƺЩСˣַ忿űҲնɱͷԴޡ
գ
ͷԴޱնɱַҲԸͷԴ޵ʬ壬Ͼ̺Ӵ
ʱһֱӾ;ʱ֮ڡ
Ͼʱƺܼɱ䡣
ֻǣҪֱ˷˼
ףöʱսᾧƺͨʱսᾧһѵǶʱսᾧ
ַʱУŲƳһöʱսᾧ
նɱͷԴ޺󣬳ֵʱսᾧ
УʱսᾧͨʱսᾧǿʱսᾧԼʱսᾧ
ȻƺһЩԴޣڿ϶̺ŸǿʱսᾧֻǣǵȰԴޣû˭ܹնɱȻҲͲ֪̺ʱսᾧкã
ʱսᾧǿǿ󣬼޼֮õҲû˻ѡۡ
ַûżöʱսᾧ
Ŀ˰ߵǸɽȡ
Ŀģɽеɫ䣡


1923 ʮţ
ಣ
ַӰһʵϵʱֱ֮Ӵա
㻹кܴʱչѹƣҲ޷ȫѹַʱ֮ˣľ磬ԶһĶߡ
ַɽ⡣
ﻹܲŴԴޡ
ֻǣ֮ǰͱ˵ԴǣڿַȴϵĺˣֻԵͺͼַ塣
Ȼˡ
ЩɶǿԴޣǵǻʵûжĲ
ַǿնɱԴޣЩԴѾ
ַ壬Ȼ־塣
ַ忴һЩǿԴޣһԴǧ磬ǷסǿԴޡ
ǣҲԥ̶֡
䣡
ǧ罵١
ַ˲סеǿԴޡ
ԣһͷͷɽ⣬еǿԴޡ
ʮͷͳͳǿԴޡ
ǰ⼸
ַǧ˲ͱ˺ˡ
ַǧѾǽˡ
ʮͷǿԴޣȷǿҲھҵţֻǣַǧǿ㱻˺ѣָܹܿ
ѹ
ַǧȫͼѹЩǿԴޡ
ȷǿԴޣַǧȴѡ
ֲܼ˶೤ʱ䣬ʮʱ䶼ûУͻ᳹ױ
ַ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
˵ʮʱˣֻһʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ϊַʩչʱ
ǧ֮УʱûκƣȶԴҪֲ
ʱĳ֣ЩԴޣƲʲôˣת˲ͱʱѹʱ֮С
ʮͷǿԴޣ
ַϸһ㣬ʱŲƳʮöǿʱսᾧ
ҲζţɽʮͷǿԴޡ
ֻϧôǿԴޣַʱ˲ɱ
Ҳζţַǧ˼ޣʵ֮ǿֱ˼
٣ʱڣסǿԴûʲô⡣
Ҳζţǧ类֮ǰַ彫ǽ޵еĴڡ
ϾԴޣʱɱ
ʱַ֪ʱ֮еδ֮ʵȫж
ٱֹˣ
ȻַҲûмɱȥַʵںеԴ޶ȫɱʵҲûʲôѶȡ
ַһεĿģǿʱսᾧ
Ŀǰδ֮ľ磬ǿʱսᾧʵҲû̫ˡ
ֻܶһˡ
Ŀģɫ䣡
ַ߽ɽȣɫ䡣
Ѿʱ䣬ɫɽ֮УֻɫһƺûɫҺ塣
ƺήҲпήס
ʱû
ַ룬Ҳֻˡ
ĻɽͲȫ½ϵԴˣǻкںӺӵ׵Դɱ
һͷںӺӵ׵Ĺ޶ûС
˵ɫ䣬ҲûеɫҺʱ
ַϸĹ۲仨䡣
صϣ֮ǣʵҲϣֻϧûɫϡ
¥ûɫκϢ
Դ֮ţʵδ֮գ˵š
֪ϢԴ֮ŵʮ֮һ
ϾԴ֮Դ޵£Դ޲Դ֮ŵ
ַ۲˺ܳʱ䣬ȴûпɫʲô֮
Ҫֲƻ˽ɫ䡣
ַɴɽھػţںںַ˵Ҳûʲôв
ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡢһꡭ
תۼʱѾȥˡ
ַûȥЩԴ޵鷳ںӺӵ׵Դȴַ鷳
ַһŭ֮£ںӺӵףЩԴ޶ɨһ飬ֻʮöǿʱսᾧ
ַ廹һŹŹִĹʵַҲû̫á
ںڶûʲôвˡ
ںӵףַʵȻܵ˴ȵѹơֻǿʱҲɱһǿԴޡ
ǣַȴš
ֹ˰ʱ䣬һַں򣬴Źȥʱ䡣
ڣɫֿʼʢһɹŨĽɫҺ塣
ַϲֱӽЩɫҺŲƽǧ磬ֱɽУǧ硣
һΣַýɫҺǵһλõʮٱ
ôĽɫҺ壬̾ʹ̼ǧ硣
ʼںϺǧͷš
ĽɫҺ壬ֱ޾ַоÿһ̣ڴǧļޣÿһǧ綼ڱǿ
һ
һΣַǧ磬Ծš
ڣǧʮŽͣ


1924 
ûʲôޡ
ַƵ۾
ɽȣҲɽڵɫ䡣
ɫ뵽˳ŵУƺҪٹʱ䣬Żʢ
ַѾ֪˽ɫá
ʵֻǧ硣
˵ãʵǧ磬ɫ䣬еĹϵµ
ַδܹǧ硣
ѵǧҲ
ʵϣںϽɫҺ壬ʵַܺѾףǧ绹һֻǣȴһ
ʵϲֻǧ磬Сǧ磬ʵҲһ
߱صЩ
޷Ǿ˵ʶһǳҪʲôѪ֮࣬ͲҪǵȷҲһ֡
ַ磬ɱСǧ磬ʵѾԼġʶʵһ̿ʼѾˡ
ֻǣСǧġʶǳ
ֱɱǧ磬ʶűķǳǿ
Ǿ൱ꡣ
ַ嶼ܸܵǧġʶַǧϵܣˣǧġʶ׳ˣǧҲεַ塣
ǧַ壬ͿԿһ塣
ַʶѾǧʶںһ𣬲ֱ˴ˡ
ĳ˵ַǧ磬ǧַ塣
ôǧкβɣ
ַʶꡣ
ַǧ磬塣
кβɣ
ǰַ˹̶˼άУҪ۳һʾˡʵϸûбҪ۳
ǧ磬ַ
ɫ䣬
ȻȻַġǧ磬ˡ
ǰ֮Բţһһִﵽ޵ĸоΪҲмޣҪͻܹɳ
Ȼַ忿Žɫ䣬ɳ˲ܼš
ǧţַʱճҲţʮϣƺƵԻԴ֮ڣҲᱻʱչȫѹˡ
ڣַʵжǿʵַԼҲ̫ˡ
Դޣַܶһ֮СȻʩչʱ֮¡
Դޣ
ַĶ֣ҲֻǰԴˡ
ַֻɲаԴޡ
ϾնɱԴޡʵʱսһҲʱսһնɱһͷԴޡ
ַûмʱսҲ֪һԴ޾жǿ
ڰԴޣǸûмֻŷǳ¡֣һǶ֡
ַ⣬Իȥʱսдһ
ַֿһɫ䡣
վûнɫƻûбҪ
οʣɫҺ壬Ҳûˡǧôڣǧֵһļޡ
ҵȽɫǿܣĻҲ޷
ʱ֮Դǧ硣
ַҪֶξֶ֣뵽ƿУټѾǳˡ
ûĻԵҲЩһķʱ䣬Ԫûκν
ҲЩߣŬѰԴ֮磬ҪԴ֮ԭ
ΪԴ֮ţѾ޷ٽˡ
޷Ук壿Ǽֱһֳͷ
ַûںںֱͣ뿪˺ں򣬷صϣ֮ǡ
ϣ֮ڣַ뵽ҵС
Ȼֶʵ뵽ƿУһԣʱ֮ϣܲһЩ
ϾַõһöʱսᾧԼʮöǿʱսᾧһԡ
ǣַٴαչء

ʱսûɸʤǰ
һߣ֡
ȻҲʩչʱ֮Ȼʱ֮ûбȫѹơ
һϮʱս۾
ī֮£
ȻΧɱͷˡ
ʱս˳˼
ҲУ
ʱսԼ࣬ĻӲࡣ
ټ֮أ
ɲ
Ѫ֮أ
ǲ
˫˳ĬС
ղī֮ᵽˣߡ
ҶǶߵеǿߣնɱԴޡ
ҪΧɱ棬ȴʱսжΪɲС
ʵϣħ֮Ҳ֪ʵûаա
ǲġ
ʱս㣬һĴ󶥼ߣǿСΧɱ棬ҲһЩʤɡ
ʤ㲻ɣ
ʱսɱ䡣
㲻ɣֻҪһϣҲһˡʱսѵ͸һֱԴ֮ţ
ī֮˿¶һ˿ʡ
ʱս̧ͷһī֮
Χɱ棬йΡ
ֻǣζʧˣʧء
һߡ
ֻǣʲôģ
ѪյһδƬΣҵҲЩϣ
Ȼʱս˵
δƬΣ
ī֮ɫһ漴ֱĹŹ
δ֮ʵֻҪǿУʵѾˡ
ֻǣδֱ仯ҪδƬε棬Ѿ֪˶ٴˡ


1925 ʱս
ȷδƬã
īܻ֮ɡ
԰ɣһδƬκ˼һδţδ֮ˡܿܣǱ
̫ˡ
ī֮ҡҡͷ
Ҳδ֮ˣζʲô
һ£δƬεУ֮ܳΪߣͬһ㡣
ʵ޹أֻǱйء
ˣī֮ʱսĴڣδƬεУƲǱ
ȷǱ
īּ֮׷ʡ
ʱսӣǿЦ
ʱսûлش𣬶ǳĬ
ī֮Ҳʱս˼
Ǳ
ֻҪǱô۸ӦκδƬΣֻҪôͻת
ʵǻûг׳ɳΪǿʱҲת
ڣȵǳΪߺǾͲǱˡ˵ǵǱѾͲʲô仯
ܹʱսӦδƬεУΪǿ·ͬѰ
һλȻٺòġ
ʱս׼ʲôʱȥλ
²˳٣ڰɡ
ī֮˵ͷԸɴʱսһȥ
ǿһͬǰҲʾǵĳ⡣
οī֮Ҳܺ棬ʲôˣܹΪʱսδƬεеıҲʮڴ

ҵУַ۾
Ѿչʮʱ䡣
ֻڼջȡ
Ѿʹöʱսᾧ
ֻǣǿŶʱսᾧַ˵ûá
˵ַòô
ʹ˶ʱսᾧַʱ֮û̫Ľַ忴νʱսᾧʵֻǱǿʱսᾧһˣûдﵽʱĳ̶ȡ
ַδ֮ľ硣ǿʱսᾧɲʲôó
ǣʱսᾧܹﵽʱ䣡
ֻǣһ¾Ͳǿʱսᾧ߶ʱսᾧˡ
ַҡҡͷ
ţ
ַ׼뿪ңȥһʱ
ȻԺгһЩδƬΡ
ǡ
ַһ
δ֮ľ磬Ե޹ʳδƬΣһʲô·ˣһйء
˲ַܹӦδƬΡ
־ЩѪֻѪӾ壬һЩĻ档
ַѾδ֮ˣϸٸӦδƬΡ
ĸӦַҲ΢΢һ
ʱս
ַš
Ӧδ֮δƬΡ
ЩδƬ֮У⣬һ̶Ӱ
ʱս
ַӦδƬΣʱսӰ
ˣַƲ⣬ܻʱսнӴˡңᷢҪ£δƬУһֱʱսĳ֡
ʵϵַ磬ѾԳƵδ֪ˡ
´δʶˣֻҪδ֮һϾǰ˾Ųʮ֪ĺϸ
ԣַ御ܴûмʱս֪϶ʱս档
ַ˼ʱ䣬һ
ʱַסλİĿˡ
ַûκ˵ֱ֪ͨӾ˿
ৣ
ĿԣַһͽĶһ͡
ǵģͣ
ַһ۾ܿԷĽ⣬ڲסļ¡
˽ߣֻһˡ
ʱսӣһʱս
οַӦδƬεУʱսΡ
ǣ˶һЦ
ʱս
֮
ۼˣǾһˡ
δƬΣ˶ѾӦˡ
˵֮ǰʱսһЩʵĻôڣʱսû˿ˡ
һۿַ壬ѾӦַºһδ֮
˫Ӧδ֮£Ͳסʲô
֮û뵽ϣ֮ǲ죬ֶһλߣ
ī֮ʱҲ̲סˡ
ʱսһڿַһ̣Ѿףַľ˿ʱս
δ֮
ѹʱսһҪѰǰλ֮һεĴڣһ¡ֱ֮ϲ
ī֮Ȼܸˡ
ī֮
ַ忴һī֮
īַ֮ʵǰҲʶ⻹ǵһμ档
ӦδƬεУī֮ʱ֣ˣҲַδһЩˡ
ʱսī֮λݹ٣£
ַƽʵ
ȻܸӦδƬΣƬվֻƬΣȥ
λߣϣ˵ĳϣԵ޹ʾ
һʲôҪ¡
ҲַӦδƬΣī֮ʱսнΪε¡


1926 󶥼ߣ
£Ȼ¡Ҳ֮ʵ㣬ϣ֮һΧɱͷߣ
īֱ֮˵˵
δ֮һЩıûκá
ֱ˵κ
ΧɱͷߣûǰԴްɣ
ַ΢΢һ㶡
ԷȻҪΧɱԴޡ
ɲʲô׵¡
Ϊַֹ廹û˵˭ΧɱԴ޳ɹ˵ġ
һ£ЩߣնɱԴޣûκ⡣˵ҪΧɱһͷԴޣǿɾˡ
ԣǰԴޣʵϣֹˣ֮Ѫ֮ټϻ֮ǾһǿߡһΧɱԴޣҪ༸ְˡ
ַ˳˼С
֮ſʵðһ䣬λˡðȥΧɱһͷԴޣ֮ΣλΪʲô
ַɻ֮
ЩߣԴ֮ڣʵҲǳȫ
ȴðΧɱԴޣԼ뵽Σ֮УΪʲô
Ϊʲô
ī֮Цҡҡͷ֮ոδ֮ûǵʹࡣѾԴ֮ڴ˲֪ٸԪСһߵ˽졣ʵΣգҲ£µǿϣ
ľ磬ǰһѣǶʱսᾧʵ϶˵ҲûκˡϣΧɱԴޣʵϾֻΪһĿģǾǵõʱսᾧǾ뿴ʱսᾧк棿ܶǵľ
ַ嶯ݵҲ˵ʵΪһϣ翵ϣ
ϣҪľһϣ
ַĬˡ
ϣֻһϣ
ʵϣַ廹׼ʱսȶ߽Ӵǰ·ʲô
ֻߣַҪҵԴ֮磬ѰԴ֮İ취
ڿˡ
ǰﻹ·
Уʱսī֮ЩҲ֪
ǼϣģȻǰԴޣ
ͬ⡣
ãַ˾
Ҳһθī֮˵жõһöʱսᾧ
ַҲܺ棬ʱսᾧжô棿
ˣһȥʶһҲ
̫ˣл֮ͬУһεİվ͸ˣ
ī֮Եúܸˡ
ʱսȻû˵ǼҲ¶һ˿ЦݣȻ⡣
ˣõһöʱսᾧη䣿
ַʵ
⣬ҲһǳҪ¡
һ㴦ãǺܴ⣬кܴ鷳
⣬ʵܼ򵥡ֻһöʱսᾧһʱ䣬Σ
ī֮İ취ʵϣھͰź˷䷽ʽ
ַ˵ͷ
ʱսᾧҪܳʱŻ꣬οǰʱսᾧһǳӴ㹻ˡ

һΪ
˶Լˣ漴ʱսī֮뿪ˡ
ʱַȥһ¥רŹһЩͷߵϢ
ڰԴޣûжϢ
ˣ¥鱨Ҳ֮٣ַҲܵõһЩȽϳ鱨ʵûжٲοֵ
ֻ֪ͷߺǿǿǶΧɱҲԽɱ
Ҳûʲôַ廹ԣʱǿǰԴ޸ǿ
ʱһζ
ַīָ֮ĵص㣬ʱսī֮Ѿˡ
ֱַ˴һкҲĵȴš
ܿ죬֮Ѫ֮Ҳˡ
ǿַʱл¶˾֮ɫ
Ȼī֮ǰ͸¶һЩϢˣۼַ壬Ǻܾȡ
ַ֮ǰԣȴһӼȦӡҲһˡ
֮
û뵽֮һˣδ֮ϲɺء
λߣҲơĺַһк
ǿߣ˭Ҳһλߡ
οܹδ֮ǿߣ˭ֻ
ˣһʼǾͽַ嵱ͬεĴڣλƽȵġ
λѾˡ
ī֮ǵĴΧɱͷߣǰΣǶʧˣһЩʧһ˻֮ļ룬ţһɹ
ȻѾʧΣī֮ȴûз
ˣҶû⣬Ǿͳɡ
λߣʵ϶Զʱ֮д
ַûȥͷڵĵط޷жλ
ˣһǳžͷߵķǰ


1927 ͷߣ
ͷߣ֮İԴޡ
Եôߣʻܸߡ
ԭܼ򵥣Դޣӵһ
һ俪
Դ֮Ļ֮£ܹʱգ
Ҳ˵Եʱ֮Ҳ޷ʱգǰԴ޵Ŀ֮
ʵϣԴ֮ڵߣԶֹ
Ƕߡ
δܹ֮ʱմ󣬰˵˲֮ءʵϣЩߣͬ١
ʵЩԴ޵С
ˣԸԴޣ൱Σա
ǰǾͷɽͷ棬궼ڳ˯У뿪
ī֮ͣ
Ѿ˾ͷɽַԶԶľ͸ܵһɿµϢγһѹơ
ϵѹơ
Ҳ˵ԴޣʵϣǱЩհҪǿһǺεȵĿ£
ַһοԴޣҲе𺳡
Ϊʲôѡͷߣ
ַʵ
ܼ򵥣ͷ߼뿪ͷɽǲȥѰλãǰһ㰲šߣֻҪ뿪ͷɽķΧҲ׷ɱˣۺͷɱİԴˡ
ī֮͵
ȴ̾Ϣһ
ôһͷΪɱİԴޣþ˰취ȴ޷նɱÿһΧɱʧء
ж䡣
һΣǻǰϹأһ֣ͬΧɱͷߣϣλʩչȫҪ֡
ī֮Ŀ⿴һλߣַ϶ͣһжķˣʵϣǰҲģÿһζ顣
һΣһλ֮ʱսַʮֿãַΪ
ȻȻī֮ҲὫһЩϣַϡ
ǣϢĿ
ǧʮ
Ѿͷʮʱַڿ˾ͷߵĿ
ɽһӴ󣬾ſž޴ͷ­˵ϣ۾ƺںĴ˯˵ĵͷƺҲӦʲôſͷ­ʼĻζţ·Ҫ۾
ī֮һȵͷ߿ˣ֣
ݣ
һַ̣ܵһɿֲķâ·ʱնиһ
ȻһִʱղᱻиռԻᱻи
Ͻ̺ʱյĽ
ʱսĽ
ʱսַһֱʱսĴ˵ܹʱսʱսµĽ
ЩĽȵʱս
ڣַ忴ʱս
Ľһɫǳʵ޻ĽֻһԴʵҲûʲô֮
ʱսȫ£ҲֻôһԴ
ôһԴ֮һַ壬һļµĸо
Ѫģ
Ѫ֮ҲˣԴһ̺ѪԴԴϵѪ޾ֻҪѪɣôͲ
۱Ѫ֮Ƶһ
ǣһ޴ѪһױȵĽֱĳžͷնȥ

Ѫݺײ˾ͷϣͷӴˣʱսǿֲĽҲһиһͷ­
ͷ­֮ϣһ޴˿ڡ
ֻϧ޷նɱһͷ­
οնΣ
ͷߵĻָױȣһգ۵ʱ䣬ղŵƾѾָ
֮ԻȻһصΰˡ͵ĳžͷһģ޴ƣſֲľݺݵĺ˾ͷߵϡ
ǾͷߣҲһĵ˵صס
ī֮һɫâһţžͷߵ˿ڴ˲˽ȥҲ֪ʲôã֮ͷŭԵʮֵķŭ
ַ忴Щֻ֣߳һоǾǿĺǿ
ʹַ壬Ĵ󶥼ΧҲ׶༪١
ߣδ֮ǿߡվԴ֮ڣߵ۷塣
ǿߣǵУ
ȻַҲûţҲˡ
ϸֳ˼ԴףѪƵȵȡ
ֲĻžͷߣ׵ľ޴ҲϺžͷߡ
Σ
ǵĹֻһδεĻ˾ͷߣֻһδεļŭͷߡ
նɱ
Ǹܡ
˶ôңɼ
ͷ߷Ǳ׼ŭˣʼѸͣſͷ­ŭϸֳһȦɫâգۼѾס˷ԲķΧ


1928 

ַһݡ
ī֮ĶһҪСһסôʱմ󣬸Ͳˡ
ң֣ͻܵһεѹơ
ַûнӴڣܵˡ
ͷߵʵ̫ǿˡոս٣ַͷ·궼սʵһ˲١
ī֮ʱս׼ҲһֻǱַӦˡ
žͷһ̾Ťת˾ơ
󶥼ߣһӾͱѹƣ뵽Σ֮Уͷ߿ʼռϷ硣

Ʋʲôã
ƿΣͷߵٶҲôƣ
Ȼʵһְ취ǾȫԸһӣܹˡ
ֻǣк壿
Ǿܷնɱͷߣˣ˵ʧˣⲻĿġ
ߣʵ󶥼ߣ˭ûѹ׵ĵƣ
ǾͷɱǣҲôס
¡
ͷϵͣƺĶŭˡ
ʵϣͷߵƺԣӵŽԼ޵еѹʱ֮
ֶΣҲ˲֮ء
ڷ
ͷߵķǿ֮ǰʱսī֮˵ͷߡͷǿǻָ
ķǿ˵գۼָܻǿΣ
ľͷߣҲܾ

أ
ͷһž޴ͷ­ݺݳī֮һ
ǵģֻһ
ī֮ɫ䣬ʩչԴǷʵģҲֻǿ֧š
žͷߵĿ޴ͷ­ݺһײ
ī֮˶ײɡ
޵У
޵У
ַɫѿ
Ŀֲޣī֮Ȼһ٣ٶǵĴΧɱͷˣѵǾû׼
ôðȻǰΧɱ
ַ岻ţƾЩֶΣī֮ȻΧɱͷߣ
ַ忴һʱս˵ʱսʲôֶΣǾ;ʩչɣҲûʱˡ
ʱս˵ͷã
ʱսϧַʱսġˣַ壬ʱս൱Ρ
ҲΪˣĻεΧɱȻɻʧܸա
ಣ
ʱī֮Ѿ·ء
жԴȻ·磬ͷҪһɱī֮ڻ
ī֮ɫͷ޴ľͷߣҲǵġѡˡ
֣
һ̣Ĵ󶥼ߣ͵ˡ
ͬʱī֮͵׳һԴ
ַ忴ԴƺǲƵġ
һҲԲ򣬶ҷǳĲơ
Դʲôã
һַ̣֪ī֮˵Ŀˡ
ˣ
ī֮ʱս֮Ѫ֮Ĵ󶥼ߣͳͳԼעƵĶԴС
ַ۾
ܵˣĲԴϢƺܲȶָڲϵľšͻţ·ʱᱬը
ڶԴĽЩѹסˣûǰ
Ĵ󶥼ߣȴڹע
ǡ׼Դ
ַ¶ݣоĴ󶥼ߵĿģҪһԴôܣ
֪Դ޷١
Ƕ붥֮ײ޷ٶ
ʲô޷ٶԴ
ඥ߶ˣԴȴ
ַҲԹþ˸ְ취ȷ޷ٶԴ
ڣī֮ˣȻҪ˵һԴ
֮ǣסͷͷߣǻ߾һԴ
īַ֮崫
ΣûǣƵĻͷߺܿͻϵʱǿɾ鷳ˣ޷Դ
ַȴɻ
ԴҲ
ַʾɡ
ĶԴ϶ܣԴ֪ʲôԭ򣬾ȻǲƵġ֮ǰӦ߳ɰܹ
߳ɰգ
ַЩ
ôҪ£ֻ߳ɰգ
ˣҲûİ취ֻƴǣƾͷߡ
ھͷȻǿַƾԴʱûʩչܺ;ͷ
ڣַоǼԴЩˡ
ǵʱ


1929 һ

ī֮һȣǼƵĶԴ·죬϶һ˿˿ơ
ЩƣѸ鲼Դϡ
һ̣˲䱬Դ𵴡
䣡
ˣƵĶԴ֧ŲסӲƵȱڴ˲кŴ
Դ˲ըƬ
ַһʱͷӴܣˣҲܵԴըನֲϡ
Ѿǰһξ룬ʹгԴķɱ
ˣ
Ǿ͸ˣַֻҪǧ粻٣˵ˣҲʲô
ַӵԶԶģĿͷ޴ľͷߡ
ôֲıը֮Уҡҡ׹οһͷԴޣ
ַţֵܵ˿ֲıը
ַȴķ֣ûʧ
ܲͷˣỹ
ַķ֣ī֮ʱսˣȻҲķ֡ʧͷ߾Ͳ
𡭡
Ȼ̳ɢ
һŭĺ̺ķŭɱ⡣
ͷߵӰ˳׿˾ͷߵģ
˿̣ͷߵģǳǱӴѾƲѪⷭɣڲϵĻָţһʱ޷ָ
ͷ­ըţңͷ­ٳٶûг
һĻһ
ī֮ɫѿջҡҡͷ̾ϢȻش˾ͷߣûնɱͷߡͷоſͷ­ͼоֻͷ­ûˣҲζţղԴըѾɱ˾ͷΡֻϧûκε˾ͷߡ
ī֮Ѿˡ
Ȼʵ֤Դǿеģɱ˰ԴޡԸͷߣԶԶ޷һɱԷŴεĵز
ֻɱ˾ͷΡ
Ҳ˵ͷ߻Ĵε
ȴ޷ҵڶƵĶԴˣĻеڶƵĶԴҲųնɱͷߡ
κβ˾ͷߣ뿪ɡ
ī֮˵
Ѿó˵ƣֻϧûκá
Ѿ˲٣Ƕʱ뿪
ô뿪ǻĲʣΣǸκβڵľͷߡ

Ȼַ忪ˡ
ַĿһʱսˣ˵λһһԡҪλϡ
֮а취նɱͷߣ
ī֮΢΢һ㶣ƺЩš
Ĵ󶥼ߣѾȫԸ뾡˰취ûκε˾ͷߣַа취
ʱսҲЩɻ
δƬСַһЩ֮ͬ
δƬδƬΣʵͬϾδܣû
һ취ֻҲû̫İգֻܹһԡͿλҲðˡ
ַ嵭˵
ʲô취ֻҪһϣǾͲ
ī֮̾ͻ
ֹī֮Ҳһ
һ˿ϣǶԸ
ĻҲðǰΧɱͷˡ
취ܼ򵥣ҪʩչһԴҪʱ߶ңҪնɱͷߣþͷ޷ҷҲ˵ǵȫԸѹסͷͷߣ
ѹƾͷߣ
ī֮˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ͷߵĿֲ˽֪Ҫѹƾͷߣѣвͻ䡣
ˣԵЩɡ
֮мְգ
ī֮ʵ
ںʧûðյıҪϾɲС£ǶǶߣҲп䡣
һ㶼ϣ˭ȥðգ
ַһλѹסͷߣҴ߳ϰգɱͷߣ
߳ɣ
ī֮һ
Ϊиĳɣͻȥðˣ˭뵽ַȻ߳ϣɱͷߣֱ֮ϲ
ЩףΪʱսӦַδƬˡ
£ַǵת
ʱսΪأ
ī֮Ҳû̴ӦǽĿʱսˡ
ã
ʱսԼࡣ
Ѫ֮֮Ҳ֣صĵ˵ͷȻͬðˡ
ǣī֮˿ַ壬˵֮ǶͬˣͰ˵İ졣ͷ߷ͬСɣǾѹƣҲֻж̶̼ʱ䡣
ӣ
ַĻī֮˵ͷ
ƴҲҪѹƾͷʱ䣬Ϊַȡʱ䡣
λǾƴɣ
ī֮¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ


1930 λһ֮
ɱ
ī֮ȶ֡
һΣƴˡ
ֹī֮ʱսѪ֮֮һ
ǲ뿪ƴʩչֶΣžͷϯȥ
Ĵ󶥼һƴǾͷİԴޣһʱҲᱻѹơ
ҲֻᱻѹһСʱ䡣
һʱһĴ󶥼ߣ׶༪١
ַ֪ʱţȫԸ
ˣ
ַһһ貵ʱճӣֱӸ֮С
һ
ī֮
Ѿѹס˾ͷߡ
ʱսĽиžͷߣþͷƣڱǻָǿһһʱսǣסһͷ­
ī֮ҲˣһĨɫâ·ڰһھͷߵĵڶͷ­֮ϡ
þͷߵͷ­ŭȴ޿κΡ
֮ǻΪһصľˣþ޴˫֣ΰıסͷߵĵͷ­ƾͷĲ֡
Ѫ֮ҲǻѪΣѹס˾ͷߵĵĿͷ­
ͷһоſͷ­ÿһͷ­һ
ղŵĲƶԴѾը˾ͷߵͷ­ֻʣĿͷ­
ڣʱսī֮Ѫ֮Լ֮Ĵ󶥼ߵƴʣ޼Ŀͷ­Ҳסˡ
ǧѷĻᡣ

Ĵ󶥼߶֣ٵǣסͷߣѾȥʱ䡣
ȻĴ󶥼Ѿס˾ͷߣһֱס
ֻסһСʱˡ
ַ趨ʱ䣬ʱ䡣
ڣѾȥʱˡ

ʱյУһ޴ġӡɢʱ֮˾ͷߵϿա
ңӵлĴһ䳲Ƶ
ʱ
ʱ
ʱճӡ
ī֮š
Ƕδ֮ߣﲻ֪ʱճӣԸ⣬Ҳܵʱճӡ
ֻǣʱʱճʲôô
ʱ䲻ˡ
ī֮ɫѾҪѹƲסͷˡ

ڣʱѾȥʱ䡣
ī֮ʱսѪ֮Լ֮Ѿ˼ޣѾ޷ѹƾͷˡ
ַٲжжͻʧˣڣ˶ش
ʱѹ
ڣַ۾
Ѿ˳׼̴߶ʱʱʱ١
¡¡
ʱ٣ֲʱ֮ѹžͷߡ
ʱ֮Ȼֻʮ׵ķΧ
ʮ׷Χ֮ڣܵľ޴ѹȴѰ
ַʱĴ߶С
Ȼ޷ȫ
ֻ֣ҲĴ߸оһ˿ء
ַĻǷ˾ͷϡ
𡭡
ƺѾܵ˳صѹ
ͷ߿ʼҵĿͷ­ѹĴƴȫѾ޷ѹˡ
λѾõĺˣԳˡ
¡
ڣĴ󶥼ߣ׷ˡ
Ҫ뿪ˣַûʩչʱҲֻӲš
Һãַվǳˡ
Ĵ󶥼߱ˣͷ߻ָжֻûĴ󶥼ߣȴʱ
ͬɽһѹھͷߵϡ
ַ壬ڶɫޱȵءԼܱ֤ܹѹͷߣҲֻǿһԡ
֮ǰĴ󶥼ߵѹƣʱܿͷˡʮ׵ʱ֮ҲѾͷߵĲͷ­˽ȥ
ͬʱʱиǱһɹɿֲʱ֮ͷ·һžһ˾ͷߵϣϵžͷߡ
һĻ䵽ī֮ʱս˵УǳԾ
ҲǼʶˣγ̺ʱ֮ĶԴ
ңһĶԴͬƺʱ֮Ϊ
ңǳ޴
ͷ߶ѹơ
ڵľͷߣѾըͷ­ʵѾ۷塣ô˵ҲǰԴޣƴҲֻǣʱˡ
ڣַֻƾʱȻǣѹƾͷߣⲻòǾ̾
Ҳܿóַڵѹܴ˫ƺ˽ֽ׶Σʱ޷һѹͷߡ
ͬͷҲ޷ʱѹƺ˫׵Ľסˡ
ֽ֣ƽ
ʱսī֮֮Ѫ֮λһ֣ѹƾͷߣһ֮
ַһȻҲ˼ޣֻȫ߶ʱҲϾˣҪʱս˵Ԯ֡


1931 Դ֮Ϣ
֣
λٴγ֡
һǶ˶ԴĺžͷߣɱУֻ󲻶ϵɧšǣƾͷ߾С
ֻҪͷ޷ȫֵʱôʱѹͷߡ
ȻĴ󶥼֣߳ͷߵһͷ­˲䱻ʱѹ
һͷ­Ѿѹַоʱãһͷ­ʱ¡ǣٽѹ
һšššĿš
ڣĴ󶥼ߵİ֮£ַʱڽͷȫѹϯʱ֮С
ͳˣ
ī֮Щ̫š
ǿǾͷߣԴޡԴ߽Դ֮ź뾡˸ְ취ʹû˵˭ܹնɱһͷԴޡ
Դ֮ڣǾ޵еĴڣܱɱ
ַɫأҡҡͷֻǽʱѹնɱΪʱ磬ҵýʱһܷնɱλΪһ
Ȼ
ǣַҲֱӽ뵽ʱ֮УĴ󶥼Ϊַ廤
˿̣ʱҲھҵš
ͷʱڷƻţʲôռѹʱչޣͲֵһᡣЩʱڵʱչޣͼΧɱͷߡ
ͷһһͳͳɡ
ʱչޣôʧˡ
Ȼǽֻʧˣˡʱ֮ڣʱչ޲𣬳ʱ飬Ļû˭ܹɱǡ
ֻǣҲκβ˾ͷߡ
ַ忴žͷڲϵƻʱüͷһ塣
ֻѹѹ㲻ϣ޷նɱĻôһжʧܵġ
ַ岻ţκβ˾ͷߡ
ʱ֮򣡡
ʱڣҲ׾ٵĵʱ֮
ңַ˿̸ɴཫʱջǧ磬ʱʱܹȫܡ
ѹ
ַһȣʱֲƺƵ˷ĳžͷѹȥ
ͷѾ㹻ǿˣֻǣ˿ֲҲΪ
οĻָʱڣܵȫѹƣһˣǾˣѻָ
ַ֪ʱרΪѹǿƣˣܹѹסͷͷߡ
Ҳַǧڣʱûܵκѹơ
ĻͲκε˾ͷߡ
ʱһĹȥͷڷŭţֻûκôԽԽأҸ޷ָ
أ
ڣʱֱѹ˾ͷߵһԴ
ǵڶššĿš
һԴը󣬾ͷӴҲȻûκһ˿Ϣʱڣڼš
ʱѾܾúܾöûгֹˣַһΪʱɱ䡣
ڣַ巢֣һͷԴޣֱ̺ǿĿ£Ƿ˼һʱɡںϣܸܵʱԵ
պɱ䣬Ҳǲܡ
ַϲ֡
صĻһŰʱսᾧ
ھͷ󣬾ѾŰʱսᾧַδıʱսᾧԲϢ
ֱ˼
Բ
ַһУŰʱսᾧ䵽ַС
Լһõʱսᾧλ򣬲ˮ¥̨ȵ¡ַȻѾʱڽͷնɱôȲһҲʲô
ַ彫ʱսᾧʱַȴһ
ʱսᾧûô档УϣʵͶʱսᾧһġ
Ψһͬĵطһ·
ǳ棬Щ·ƺǲȱġ
ңסʱսᾧһַ̣ѾõһصϢ
ſʱսᾧԴ֮磬׷Ѱء
ַЩסˡ
ſŰʱսᾧֻҪ˾ſţܴԴ֮磬
ֻǣϢƺŰʱսᾧ̺Ϣд
ַлȡ
Դ֮磬׷ѰԴ֮磬߶ѰҵԴ֮磬ôǰ
˵ǰ
ಣ
ַ뿪ʱ
ৣ
ַֺʱսī֮ˣĿַ塣
ǣַһױȵʱսᾧ
ǵĿ⣬Ȼܿⲻκһֶʱսᾧ
̺ءƴϢλ߶
⡭ĪǾǰʱսᾧ
ī֮ЩĶַеʱսᾧ
ַλɨһۡ
ʵϣڵʵֱӴʱսᾧ뿪Ҳʲô
ַûУҪſŰʱսᾧһ˲С
ǰλߣ˸ղŵ֮սɣַѾһ˿Ρ
οֻѰԴ֮ˣȻҵԴ֮磬һ˽߼˽룬ʲô
ǣַȻ¶˾ġ


1932 Կ
ַ忴һλߣǵĿⶼڰʱսᾧϣǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
λʱսᾧѾȲһ㣬ʵЧͺͶʱսᾧһ޷ǵʱ֮ͻͽŰʱսᾧȴһҪԿף
Կף
˶ܺ棬ַ֪еġԿסָʲô
ַȴûֱӻش𣬶Ц˵ϸϸǡ
ǣֱַӽʱսᾧָһī֮ϡ
īֽ֮סʱսᾧ
Ŀһַ壬ʵַڵʵֱӴöʱսᾧ뿪Ҳ޿κΡ
׷ɱ
ַʩչʱͷ߶ɱοǣ
ַŵԣûдʱսᾧ뿪Ѿ˵ܶˡ
ī֮Զʼʱսᾧ
ˣ
һַ̣һī֮ҲյʱսᾧһϢ
ʱɫò
ʱս֮Ѫ֮ˣעī֮˿̣ī֮ƺ˺ܴı仯һľ͸ǽˡ
ѵʱսᾧʲô״
һڣī֮Ϣ͵۾
˼飬ǲ˼顭
ī֮ţϸ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԸӦϢš
ѹַҪԸӦһ
£ԸӦǾԲŵġ
ī֮ôˣ
ī֮ʲôˣ
ѵʱսᾧʲôף
ĮʱսҲ̲סɫ
ī֮һַ壬ʲôҲϸ˵Լϸϸǡ
˵꣬īֱ֮ӽʱսᾧݸʱսʱսϸϸ
ʱսû೤ʱ䣬Ҳ۾֮ҲһĨ֮ɫ
Ҳû˵ʲôֱӽʱսᾧݸ֮
֮Ѫ֮Ҳʱսᾧˣʱսᾧ½ַС
û뵽гһգȻܹҵԴ֮
˼飬ǲ˼顣˭뵽Դ֮ͲڰԴϣ
ѹұԴ֮ţûҵԴ֮κϢԴޣԭ̺Щ
ī֮֮ˣ뵽Դ֮ȻͲڰԴڣ뵽ԪҲûܹնɱһͷԴޡ
һðգûַʱҲնɱ˾ͷߣȻ޷õԴ֮Ϣˡ
һͷǾô
ѹʱսһҪ֮˵֮Ǳڿ֮Ǳ
ڣī֮ﻹַ֪ܲεµ𵽵Ҫãûַ壬һεж϶ҲʧܸգǰжĽκ
֮ǶѾˡöʱսᾧǸɣϾεжУҪá
ī֮ĻʵҲλߵ˼
öʱսᾧʵҲûʲô̫áߵʱ֮ͻͽҲûдﵽʱ䡣
ΨһãһѴԴ֮ġԿס˵ֻԿ׵һ֣Ǳ뼯öʱսᾧܹҵԴ֮硣
ڻȱöʱսᾧ
ҲζţǱ뻹նɱͷԴޣɾһС¡
ַ˸ոնɱ˾ͷߣҲұ֤ܹնɱޡ
һͷޣǿɱһ𶥼ߣǸͲնɱ
λҪ˳öʱսᾧ͵þϺϸıһΣǷϣ֮ǣϣܹҳһͷİޣһҪȫ׼λû⣿
ַĿһɨ
û⡣
ˡ
ī֮˶˵ͷȻնɱһͷԴޣû˻СһͷԴޡ
ϸıǿַߣܱסǿɾͲһˡ
ǣ˶·ϣ֮ǣҽϵʽ
ī֮ʱսĴ󶥼ߣƼַΪϣ˳ϡַҲȷǶߣδ֮Ĵ󶥼ߵƼȻ˳ľͳΪϣ˵ĳϣΪϣ֮ǵȨ֮һ
Щַ嶼ô⡣
ζԸԴޡ
Ҫ뼯öʱսᾧܲס
ÿһͷԴ޵ϢǳܣҺ١ַֻ֪ÿһͷԴ޶ܲһ
ûϸ鱨óȻǰ»ʧܸգΣա
ϾַʵҲԶԶûдﵽɨѹԴ޵ĵزҪѹնɱԴޣҲҪߵЭС
һʱ䡣
ڣī֮ѾɸѡһͷԴޡ


1933 
ǡ
ַ屻ʱսĶͬ顣ī֮ѡĵڶͷԴ޺Щȡ
ǿɲһİԴޣƿֲԴޡ
ΪһԣǾﲻ̣ﲻ
ǶԴҲܱɣһ̽ڣ˵޷ٸӦԴ
ǵʵҪһ룿
ΪҪԸ˿ֲԴޣ
ַ˵ʡ
شɡ
ī֮Ц˵Դޣʵϸ鱨ǳ֮ϡ١ǶûҵٰԴ޵鱨УҲǺܾúܾǰ鱨ˣҲ֪ЩԴ޻ڲڡ
ĿǰǶԱһЩԴޣֻ鱨ϸңĹȷܿ£Ҳ㣬ǾǷûжǿҲûвԣֻǣܹǰɵĶȫתΪֻҪɵûкľڲ֮أ
ŵʵҲ㡣뵽һְ취ǾʱԴɱˣһɹǴӣ
ַϸī֮ϸ͡
ʵϣһʱ䣬ī֮ҲæµˡǶ˸ֹϵֶΣ¥鱨֪˶١
Ȼ¥н飬һ鱨ǲġ
ַȴɻ
ҵĲȱԴ
ַ忴ҪҵһƵĶԴ֪жôѡĻ¾ͷ
ī֮ЦһƵĶԴܹô׾ҵ׼ĲǶԴͨԴǿԴЩԴȻҲ𻵣Щ취ܹٵġ
ַǰһ
ȷԴ𻵣ͨԴǿԴҲ𻵡෴ԴֻҪ㹻ܹ𻵵ġ
ֻǣһͷԴޣֻͨԴǿԴܶ˺
Ҫġ
ƺַʣī֮һЦ˵һΣǿ׼ϰټԴʮͨԴʮǿԴȫһ֡һûãʮʮأ
οҲǾͷߣķûôǿңϲɡոʱ۵ܾģһ۵꣬Ǿܽɱˣնɱ
ò˵ī֮׼ĺܳ֡
׼ٳ֣Ҳÿʵңְ취ַʱز١
ûַʱǰ涥סѹǵİ취޷ɹ
ˣߣѵһֱ׷ȥ׷ȥһǡ
ֻһ鷳Ǿַʱܲ赲סɣһҪ
ַãʵķʮ㡣
ǿɵʱ
ʱ֮Լʱճӣֱɵʱ
Ȼˣǻʲôԥģ
ãڶͷԴޣˣ
ַȻ¶˾ġ
λʲôʱ
ٶ׼һʱ䣬ȡ׼Դ
ַ˵ͷҲṩʮԴͨԴ
˵ޱԴ
˿ī֮˵УǾ͸ʲô
˵پͻˣһҲۡ
Щ˵ٶԴҲûκôҪǽԴ֮磬Ҫġ
ֹ˴һ£ַѾ׼׵ˡ
Դٴӵһʮν׼ĺܳˡ
ǣ󶥼ߣٴ뿪ϣ֮ǣ鱨ڵأѽȥ
νԴ֮Уö߶Σյĵط֮Ϊ
֮ǰľͷɽʵҲǽ
ڵѽڵĵط
ַûзж೤ʱ䣬Ѿѽ
ˣѽԲ֮ڣûκǿǿ߻Դޣͳͳɡ
ˣҲһԵ
ʱӦڳ˯ǳֲ߹ԣ鱨һֱѺ󣬾Ϳʼɡûǿɣôͻƶ뿪أϵɡ
ĳ˵һԣʵǷǳֲġھѣкܳһʱ䣬ǿԷĽѽ
ī֮׼Ϸǳϸˣ˽ѽ󣬲ûбСǼӿٶȣ˯ĵط


1934 δʣ
ǸӦûУ
ַȻͣ˽Ų
ţӦʲô
ʱսҲɻ
δƬΣҸոͻȻյһЩδƬΡ
δƬΣ
һ
ǺδƬξͬѪһԵ޹ʵĳ֡
δƬǷΣգ
Σաȫû
ַ˵
˲䣬ɫ䡣
ôȫû
ַҲúܾ棬ôȫûʧˣַʱڣȫû
δƬβ岻ֻһƬΡ
֮Ǿͣ£ϸ㣬ȡոδƬΡ
ī֮ıҲ£ǿЦַյδƬΣʾ
Ȼ⣬ǾͲóȻˣٵŪδƬεȫûԭ
ַҲ뷨һθоƺΣա
ǣַ忪ʼʩչʱճӣתδ֮ͼδһЩƬΡ
δ֮Ҳȫ֪ȫܣ٣һЩǿڻһЩԭܹŵδ
ˣδͻֵĿܡ
ҪֵĿܵУѰҵһֱȽϷʵδƬΣʵҲǳѡ
һ졢졢졭
һµʱҴҶ
ַûī֮ҲûżǾĵȴšҲʲôȴһ
ৣ
Ȼַ۾
һ
ī֮æʵ𣿡
ַˣһΣ֮ԻȫûΪϵʱ̫ûκεһͷԴޡͷԴޣӿֲͷԴ޺Χȫû
ʲôһͷԴޣ
ԣǳȡ
Ƕ԰Դ޵˽⣬ϻ֮ûʲôϵ
ÿһͷԴޣǶǾԵİڵĵطǾǵءǶԴ޻ǰԴޣð
һ룬ǾͻΪƣҵĳͻ
ǰôỹϵ
֪֮ͷԴ𣿡
֪ӦôûгֹǵϵС
İİԴޣ
һڿҪҪһͷԴˡ
һͷ£һͷԴޣʵͷǳ鷳ˡ
ǣǺһҵٰԴޣ
ĿǰΪֹһҲֻ˽ͷԴޡ
Ҳ˵ǽͷԴͳͳնɱҲֻܻöʱսᾧ޷öʱսᾧ
Ǿ͵ȥһЩΣյĵط̽ȡҳͷԴޡ
ԭǴȽǡӡİԴޣȻıԴޡ
ڳ仯ǿµúķѸʱ䣬ȫ̴˼ƻ
ַ忴һī֮ˣƺ¶ʲôģ˵ʵ취ûСҵδƬεУҿ̫ڱʱ䣬ٳٲնɱǼȻѾ֪ԭˣò
֮˼ǡ
άԭƻ䣬Ըķʽøı䡣һʼȫԸһʮԴ÷ʹãֱ׼ᣬȫ
⡭
λ߻࿴һۣ
һʮԴʵһС֡󶥼ҪôԴҲһ׵¡
һʧܣǻϾֻ뿪ˡ
ǶĲҲðա
ֻǣǰ£Ҳֻô
ͬ⣡
ʱսһ̬
漴߶Ѷ˵ͷֻˡ
ǺãǾͳɡ
ٶȳܿѾ
ǽһʱڣˡ
¡
޴Ĳһ̣۾ˡ
һ֪ˡ
ȥס׼ᣬһʮԴ
ַֻʱֵܹɡ
Ļκһߣ޷ֵסɣǰܡ£ַֻɡ
ಣ
ַһ粽ѾϿա
ʱ٣
ַһͺȡ
ʱʱճӸֶ䳲ƵʱǱ޴󣬳ݺݵѹ¡
𡭡
ƺŭˣſѪڣͷ·ڶһ㣬漴ݺһ
ˣ
ؼһУ·𶼱Ѫڸ˿УǸԶԶģλ߶оһɿֲ
Ǻܵģַܲܵס


1935 ѹ

ַȷо·𶼲ܿƣҪֱڡ
ֻҲˣѪȴֻڿֲеУ·һصڲϵ˺ַ
жԴʱŴ󲿷ֵַɲȣǧ֮Ǿҵġ
ǧܵһӰ졣
ַ治ɫҲһ˿١
ȥ
ַһɴֱӷɽʱ֮С
ʱ֮ڣַǲƳɱ߶ʱ֮ʱܷӵ¡
ֻϧûǧ֮ڣʱܵʱչһѹơַδ֮Ҳһ
ʱȷǿǿôĴյУƾɣȴɿȻ
ʱѹ
ʵ֮£˵ûκá
˫Ҳô
ƺҲܲ죬ûֵܹɵĶǰôһֵԴȴκβá
ôǿƺҲ޼¡
ʱһĹȥ˫뵽ĵС
ַһֱڵȴŻᣬͬλҲһֱڵȴŻᡣ
ʵϣ˿Ĵ󶥼ߣѾʼڸЩԴעҲҿǶߣ޾
ңЩͨԴǿԴĵҲࡣĻ˶ԴĴ󶥼ߵܶᱻȫˡ
ˣһʮԴȫעһھͲһӣܳЩԴˡ
֮ܳס೤ʱ䣿
֮ѾǴѵʱˣͿˣ
Ĵ󶥼ߣʱҲЭǿַһ˿ôʱ䣬ʵѾ
˿ַ̣ȷӲš
ʱȷǿĵȴǴʱ֮
ַ壬˿̵ʱ֮Ҳˡ
һĴʱַԼ뵽ΣյС
ǰȷȵľͷǿˣвַ塣
֮Ѿ׼ץʱ룬ӵԽԶԽã
ַ廹ںŻ֧Ŷ೤ʱʱѶʯһϢ
ʱڣ޷Ѷʯȴϵ
ַһ
ڵȵһ̣ǣĬĬȴʱ䡣
һ
һַ̣屬ȫδеʱ֮ʱʢȥĿֲҲ޷סʱ
ͬʱī֮ʱսҲͻȻ
ݣ
ʱսʩչ
Щĳȥ
ֻǣȴҲһֱۣӾˡĽ˵Ҳʲô
ֻЩرˡ
ʱսȴû٣Ǽ仹¶һ˿Цݡ
Ϊī֮Ѫ֮Լ֮˿̽һʮԴȥ
û⣬Щ˷ܡ
һʮԴ̺Ӵʮֵ˷ܡﲻ̣Ͳʲôġ
ʱַҲѾ¶סûоԶľ롣þĵȴһһܷش
һʮԴѾ
ھѪںܽʱĴ󶥼ߣЩԴǺԲ̽ЩԴ
ǿľӣﲻ̣ﲻһ̽˶˵һʮԴټټ¶κβ
ˣܽûнʱʺġ
¡
λߣȻԴ
ʱһʮԴըˣ񱩵˲亳ء
Ҳɱըסˣ֮ҲһʧӰ١
ֲıըನƺƵ˷ɢȥ
û˷ܣûиˣĶյУڵλá
ַԴ
̶ֳȵıըȻֲһըͲܡҲֻ˻شΪַʱѹᡣ
𡭡
һ̳ûɢŭĵͺг޾ɱͷŭ
û
ַľһɨҲһˡ
ȻûһʮԴıը֮شַеƻҪء
Ӵըһ롣
ȻѸٵĻָţһʱ޷ָ˿̵һʵ붼ըˡ
ַĻᣡ
ʱѹ
һַ̣ϿգʱٴκƺƵѹ¡


1936 
ʱ
ַٴζʱһ֮ǰһ֮ǰַΪ赲ڣַ׼ˣӶѹ
ʱĽ٣ƺҲоΣգŭĵͺţͼֵסʱ
ֻϧʱҪɣҲûжˡ
¡
ַʱٶ£ûκεֵ֮ͱʱֱѹҪַٶԴ
һΣȻǰδеɣѹͷ߶Ҫɡ
ɹˣ
֮ѹ
ʱսī֮Ҳϵַߡ
һһֶԸͷߣǿǾĶǡǾͷܵشҲǿ󶥼һ֣ܹѹͷߡ
һΣƺϴθɡ
ַҡҡͷͷ߲ͬķԶԶûоͷǿֻҪסǿ֮شôһоͶˮˡλΪһҵȫնɱ
Ҳ˵ͷ
ַǧסʱ
ûʱչѹƣʱչ򿰳ƿֲ׾ͽѹöãָܡ
ַ߶ʱϵѹ֮£ģҲֵסֻ֧һСʱ䣬ͱɱֻһöʱսᾧ
ַסöʱսᾧȻͬϢöʱսᾧҵԴ֮硣
ַ۾εĿ⣬ǵ˵ͷһ˳ڶöʱսᾧ֣뿪
ʵϣΣջûн
˭Ҳ֪ûٻİԴޡٻˣڿѾ쵽ˣǿɲһͷİİԴ
ǣʩչʱֱ֮ӷصϣ֮ǡ
ߺ󲻾ãԶУһҵĺһͷױȵġޡƺ࣬ȴӴ
ˡ
޷·ޱȷŭһԲﷶΧĶɽͳͳ̽˶С
ɢɷ
һҳޣΪ𣡡
޴ĺϵĻصյС

ϣ֮ڣѾնɱͷԴޣī֮Ĵ
ǣڿʼоһĿꡣ
ַһεʤʵǱȽϽҵġ
ֵסɣֻһʮԴըըˣ׾پʱѹ
¹˭ֻδ֪
ˣַɲôֹۡ
оЩԴޣԽԽɱҪÿһͷԴ޵㣬ȥƶԵս
ֻǣô㣿
ԴޣûԵҲʲô
ַ廹Ǹоʵ㡣
ʵַľ磬ҪʵѾѺˣֻһ취ˡ
ʱ߲֮ͨôֻʱܣ˵ʱܷӳǿܡ
ַ峢ԹʱͷԴޣֻǣƺûʲôáʱȷǿһ㣬Ҳֻһˡ
ôֻʱӳȫܡǣַǧܹǿҲĿǰΪַֹΨһܹʵķ
ɫ䣬ַǧõ
ֻǣҲһޣ˵ƿ޷ټˡַǧ޷š
ǣַܹҵȽɫı
ֻǣı򵥣
ַһˣ޷ҵַڿɲǹ¼ҹһϣ֮еʵȨɡ
ַϣ˵ĳ֮һϣ˵ȨƺӰڽɫĵرչϢ
Ըóʱսᾧ
ڶߵֱ
ʱսᾧַǿеĴڣѾûôЩ£ûδ֮˵ʵԾܾ
ңʵ
һַҲῶ趥ʱսᾧ
ǣ˶ˣѰڽɫϢ
˵֮±·
ַ巢չϢʱ۵ַ̽һ඼ȷڽɫĵرֻЧҪȽɫַ˵Ȼûʲôá
չĵرҲûʲôá
Ψһһĵرɫ䣬ѾܿɹˡֻϧǽɫһƵıַǧ磬ҲѾ𲻵ʲôˡ
ַҲż
ҲҪ֪Ƚɫ仹Ҫǿŵرôףеʱĵȴ
ûãַĶȴӭһλĿˡ


1937 ֮ã
֮
ַ۾ŶԷ
Ȼûм֮֮ϣ֮ǿǷַ᲻ֻ֪ҪһϢ׾ٵ֪Էݡ
֮ôӭң
ַҡҡͷô᲻ӭֻû뵽֮ݷá
֮ǽȡҲ鵽֮¥һЩĵر鱨һĵرǰδܷϻ֮Ҫ󡣡
ţ鱨
鱨Ż֮һǳ⡣
˵ֱ֮꣬ͳһ鱨
鱨ֻһĵرĽܡ
ĵر򻨡
ͨͨЧȴֲ㡣ܹǧ磬һĽ򻨣ǧʮ
˿ֲãδš
ৣ
ַ͵۾·𲻸Ƶġ
дĵر
ǵ档
֮΢΢һЦ
ַ۾
ʵϣ֮ôаǰΪַ֪Ŀġ
ַ弱еѰǧĵرʵⲢʲôܡ˾֪֮ϵݴǿɷǳ򵥡
¥鱨ַͲܻá
ң鱨¥ҲǾܡֻҪ֮ɿڣ˭Ҳò鱨
ãַ۾
֪֮Ҫʲô
ַʵ
֮ǰݷãɲֻ鱨ô򵥡ο֮ҲûϽ򻨾λõ鱨
ĿȻԶ
Ǻǣ֮һöʱսᾧֻ֮һۣ
֮˵Ķַ塣
ʵϣɲֻ롰һۡô򵥡
ַҲˣ֮ī֮˵жֻǣҲַһܾ¡
֪֮õϢ²ܾġ
֮ģھͲ֮ͷˡֻҪ֮ͷһж⡣
˵ַ꣬ɽһӰȻī֮
ַ忴һī֮֮ȻѾˡ
ī֮֮ͬ룿
ַ巴ʵ
ī֮˵ͷ֮ǰΧɱԴޣʵ϶Ƚѡ֮Ͳһˡο֮ϣԣߣԴܶԴ
ַˡ
ʵ϶Ӽˣַ˵Ӱ졣
¹ϢҲûʲô
ֻҪܽԴ֮磬һжʲô
ңī֮ҲӦеأַһǳߵĵλĻ֮ҲԸһ鱨ȡַͬ⡣
뵽ַ˵ͷֱһӣŲƳһöʱսᾧ
֮һ۱֪
֮סöʱսᾧ
֮ǰ¥鱨ƺһЩ˽⡣ҵī֮ѯʣ֪һС
ӱ˵ϢԼԸܣǽȻͬ
Σ֮Ըһ¶ġ
ʵϣ֮ڿöʱսᾧʵѾˡϾǰʱսᾧ¥鱨Ҳûеõʱսᾧ
ż飬סʱսᾧ
ˣ
һ޵Ϣ֮Ժ֮ڡ
ԭˡ
֮۾ֻܼҪܹöʱսᾧܹҵԴ֮磬Դ֮硣
ʲô
ϣ
Դ֮ڣҪľϣ
Ƹʲô
λʲô
֮ԸһвƸȡһϣ
ڣϣǰ
л֮
ַ֮һ漴Ҳóһ鱨ǹڽ򻨵ϸ鱨
ַӹ鱨
Ȼǹڽ򻨵ľ鱨
ɽ
ַһ
򻨾Ȼɽ
Դ֮Ȼ޴󣬵ඥߣʵҲιԴ֮ţ֪Դ֮ŵĴС
ˣǽһĵش֮Ϊɽ
ɽҲһͷԴޣˣ˸ҿɽ
򻨾Ȼɽ
ѹôһĵر¥õ鱨ȴû˸ȥժ򻨡һвͻ䣬ʵ̫Σˡ
ã鱨ȷһݴ֮Ҫ룬ĳȻͬ⡣ΧɱԴޣΣأҲҪ׼ԵĻϧһֶΣռԴɡ
ַ֮˵
֮ģī֮Ѿϸ͹ˡһΧɱԴޣһʧ
֮Ե
ʵϣ֮ղԴôҲûмܹԴˡ
ī֮֮ʵҲȣòЭ
һΧɱѾǼλҶ͸ˡ
֮ΧɱԴޣͺˡ
ȵ֮ī֮뿪ַҲɣ̾׼ǰɽ
򻨣õõ


1938 Σ
ಣ
ַӰɽ
ɽﻹǺ;ͷɽһǳְĲʲô¡
˵ɽпܣһԴǶе־
ɽһͷԴޣޣ鱨ͷԴޣҲκԵ㣬ʤĪ⡣ī֮Ҳɽľ޷ԸԴһС
ַ忴ɽϵıҲء
Դޣַ嵥һˣڿɲǰԴ޵Ķ֡
һҲΧɱԴ޵ģѰҽ򻨣
ֻҪܹõ򻨣ôַǧϣţʱ򣬾ı仯ַԼҲ˵
ڣСĽһЩ
ַԼϢֱӷɽɽ֮ṩ鱨ɽеȷн򻨣λöС
ֻƺ⣬޺ܽ
޻ǲһЩԴػ򻨣޶Խ򻨵ӡ
¥õ鱨֮ûжֲժ򻨣Ϊ̫Σˡ
ַ尴֮ľ·ߣĿŽ򻨡
ܿ죬ַĿ˽򻨣Ҳһ䣬оŶ䣡
Ŷ򻨣ʵ̫ˣһɽ±ϣΧȫǿԴޣǿԴ޺ͶԴػ
ңַ廹оԶһɸӿֲϢļ¡һǾޡ
ַϢһ¶Ϣ߶֣¾ͻᱻЩԴ޸֡
ȻǿԴ޻߶Դޣַ嵱ȻУͷڲԶİԴޣȴַǳɵ
ַûŰ취
ʵҲûʲôİ취ҪϢŶͳͳߣҲЩԴ޷֣
Ͳܣ
ôΨһİ취ֻӲˣ
ַ岻ͷԴ޵Ķ֣ôӲĻʱ䡣һҪھ޸֮ǰŶͳͳսڣȻֱӴʱ뿪
һǾǿΣ
⣬ַ㽥Ŀʼʵʩж
ݣ
һַ̣ʱ֮һѾʧӰ
ʵϣЩǿԴ޺ͶԴޣҲǰûжپġ˭͵޵ı
ԶҲ벻ȷеˣ͵򻨡
ַӰ˾Ŷ򻨸ûκԥʩչǧ磬͵һӽԴ޶С
¡
һ̣ʱ٣
ǧֻ֣ҪûеһʱƿߣǻϾ·һ
գ
Ŷ򻨣ַҲûг죬֮һȫǧ磬Ψһ
ЩǿԴޡԴޣҪͼַʱǿѹ֮£Ҳûʲôˡ
𡭡
ַٶȿ죬޵ٶȸ졣
ַ嶯ֵһ˲䣬޾Ѿˡ
ͷ·һһӴܿѾϵˡ
ŶʧӰޱȷŭҵţֲַϡ
ã
ַһ
ھͷѾܵˣȷǳ鷳ǰͷ޵ͷߵС׼ס
޵ܷ߱ſֲѹ
ַǧ磬ܵǿѹ·һֵס
Ҫ֪ŽֻˣûֱޣȻǧ͵ֵסˡַһûеʧĵز
һʱǧ磬ʱ
Ȼһ뿪ǧ磬ʱܵʱչѹơ
ʣ۷ܵѹƵʱҲԶԶһĶԴܱġ
ַڴھ޵֮У޷ʱգǾֻܿʱӲˡ
أ
޺ݺݵײʱ
ңײʱʱƺ磬¶һӱޱȵ͡ʱ˱
Ǿ޵
ɱκ޷
ʱǶԴǷǳĶԴ
ַźܴѹȥʱչᵲסʱûʱַ֮޿⣿
ʱַ壬ʵѾΣУвп
̼֮£ַеǱܶ˳ԲԴУЩʲôܹŤתơ
ǧ磬ҵǧסޣһ˲䣬Ҳʱѹˣ
ʱַֻһְ취ǾǼǧ磡
ǣַĿǾŶ֮ϡ


1939 ߵ֣֮
̣
û˿ԥַ忪ʼˡɡŶ򻨡
ΨһϣǾŶ򻨡
Ŷ򻨲ãô͵ÿǺ;ƴˣܹ뿪ĸʿºܵ͡
ˣŶ򻨣ĿǰΨһϣ
Ŷ򻨱ַһ䡣
Щ򻨣ַƺҲףûճ죬ʱַҲûлýˡ
һ£ַԸоǧڷڡ
ԭޱ̵һ̷·𶼿ʼɶһһɶ
䣡
ܿ죬ַоǧƿֿʼһֵš
һı屶
һ򻨣ַֻǧ˲ԭ屶
̫࣬Ǵ
ַϲ̿ʼɵڶ򻨡
ڶ䡢䡢Ķ䡢䡢䡭
ַŽ򻨣һһ䣬һֱ˵ڰ˶䡣
ڣַǧ粻ˣѾ˵ڰ˶򻨣ַףʵѾִﵽһƿɵھŶҲ޼¡
˶򻨣һַǧʮ
һֲ֡
ԭǧ磬סԴޡ
ôڵǧأ
ַ岻̫ܸоǧǿǿޱȵļͣƺӵ޾
¡
ʱ⣬޻ڷĹʱҹʱһַʱ֮Ĵˡ
ˣһԣ
ַһ˿âΣڶȥһԡ
ǧ罵٣
ַͳʱڴ˳
ţʮǧ磬˲併١
䣡
ʱնһӾֹ
Ӵ·һӶ뵽һ㣬ַĸܵǧ·ʱ䶼֧Ųסͻᱻ޳˺ѡ
Ҳʱ䣡
ַʮǧ磬Ȼܹס޲ʱ䡣
ƣ˵ʱʲô
ģҲĲԴޡ
ַɲһǧһְܹʱ䣬Ҳζţʱܹаʱ䣬ܵʱչѹƣܹȫܡ
ʱжǿ
ַ岻ʱɱͷԴޡ
Ҳ˵ʱûܵƵ£ӵɱԴ޵
¡
һ̣ʱâʢƺƵѹ¡֮ǰֻܱͬڵʱµʱ֮򣬼ֱƺƵյС
˵һͷˣʮаͷʱ֮׸ס
ʱ֮򸲸סҲʹűʱѹ
¾ھҵţҲ޼£ʱ˲ѹס
һʱѹ޾ǰԴޣΣ

ַ˿ǧ磬ʱҲڡ
ûһᣬ¶һʱսᾧȻǾµʱսᾧҲַõĵöʱսᾧˡ
Ȼһ˺Σգַ嶼ˣջȴޱȵľ޴
ǰɱԴ޲ͬһΣַǵһ˾ɱһͷԴޡ
Ǵȥ»˲Դ֮š
ϾԴ֮ڴûκδţߵһܹնɱԴޡ
Դ֮ţԴ޵£ԴԴ֮ţΪЩԴޣʵǿᣬԶԶܱġ
ڣַ嵥նɱһͷԴޣǻʱģ
ַǰһֱ磬޷öʱսᾧ
ڣַ嵥նɱ˾ޣַ忴ϣ
öʱսᾧңɼ룬ǽߣ
ˣ
ַ׼뿪ɽʱȻַĴѶʯҵ
ַѶʯ鿴Ȼī֮ĴѶ
֮Ͻϣ֮ǡϣ֮ǱһͷǿΧϣг϶ѾȥˣȴΣڵϦ֮ٷء
ī֮ĴѶԵķǳĽҲַЩɻ
ǿʲô˼
ѾնɱһͷѲɻеڶͷ
ңַյ鱨УһͷԴ޵УҲûеڶͷô£
ַɻ󣬵ϣ֮ߵʥأǸʧ
һϣ֮߾ͳ޸Ƽں嫵Դ֮ŵУ׸ºܿͻˡ
ѹī֮ôż
ߣ֣֮
ಣ
ַʱ֮һһʱͳϣ֮Ǵȥ


1940 İ
ϣ֮ǣ˿̼Ѿ˾С
Ȼϣ֮ǽֻһǳأЩ߶⣬ˣ˭ӳȥڣͷֲԷһ򾡣ϣ֮ǶС
ǶߣʱӶѾЩˡ
ϣˣһʮλߣֻҪû뿪ϣ֮Ķߣ϶ȫˡ
ЩߣǰͷӴһĶī֮ŭĿӡ
ī֮ǾʲôȻ˿µңƺ֪һͷ
˵ЩѾûˣǸôͷ
Ҫһ򾡰Ѿϣ֮ǵķ󣬵ֵһӣʮʱ䣬ϣ֮ǵķƣ
ڶඥߣɫѾѿˡ
ʮʱ䣬ʲô
ʮλߣŷ󣬲ǿ֧סϣ֮һʱ䡣ˣ˿ֲҲ
ڣǸǿԿˡ
λֻһ취ԴըشѾûѡˣλжԴǾóԴ
ī֮˵
֮ǰҪʮλ߶Эǳѡ
ڲһˣϣ֮ΣڵϦôŵľ£ٴĸ棬Ҳö
ĻǾǴһ
ʮ˼ͨԴ
ʮļ
ʮ
һʱ䣬ඥߣóصԴǲǶߣ۶꣬һĶ˺Դ
ī֮һ㣬ʮλߣȻһǧԴ
һֲ֡
ҲϽϣ֮ǶѹһգУҲûһǧˡ
˺Դȫʵ϶һǳѵ£ʮλһж
һעЩԴУһԴĻ޷شͷҲ޼£
ī֮һҧֱ˵
һκġ
˵ҲΨһѡ
ӣܽߣһϣ֮ˣ߶ᱻһ򾡡ԺԴ֮ž͸ûеλˡ
ΣڵϦ
ˣֻѡģƴһѡ
شܽΣϣΧɱһͷԴޣ
һ
ڣʮߣѾǧԴע˴˿̵ЩԴͷ·ҩͰһʱܱը
ȥ
ī֮ǣЩԴ͵ķɳ˷Χ
ʱҪī֮ʲôãǿֱֲӾҪЩԴͳͳɡ
˵ûʲô˵ġﲻ̣ﲻ
ж߶ĶǧԴΨһϣ

ī֮һȣʱԴ͵ıը
¡
ǧԴǺεȿֲһըǿ˼飬ϣ֮ǵķҲһӱ˺ѡ

ϣ֮Ƿ˺ˣϣ֮ǶѣһŲϣ֮ȥ
ըģͷӴƺһӾͱֲıըסˣ̳Ϳ
˰ɣ
ǧԴ
һԴôɱǾͲǰԴˡ
ǿľңֵܲܵÿ˶ûбľںľ֮ǰ޵еġ
ī֮ܽţʱս˶һʵ˽͸ġԭҲܼ򵥣Ϊ֮ǰΧɱһͷԴ
ѾɣͷʵǸġ
Ϊնɱͷڶͷϣ֮ǡ
һΣնɱʵЩɷ֡ʱͷ˯ܳʱˣӦûɶ
ҲûжٴԲűǵһʮԴش
ǰͷ𡱵һ
ԷȻҸû׼
һԷɵܶܶ࣬һǧԴըҲġ
ģ̳ɢ˼æűըһ
ǿˣһͷ
˿ͷ
ǵģ𣬾ôվյСһ˫۾ĮĶʮλߡϵϢû˥١
ôܣ
û£һ¶ûУϢûӴ˥
ܡ
˶ǰһĻǼ˺һǧԴըȻκβͷ
һΣ֪˰Դ޵Ŀֲ
İ


1941 ֮ˣ
һ˫ϣ˵ʮλߡ
ȻĿī֮ʱս֮ԼѪ֮
ţĸܵŨҵɱ⡣
ãӣ
ʱѾԿˣֻܾߡ
ֻǣѾһţſѪڣڶһ㣬洫һɿֲī֮ϯ
ʧȥ˷ıǶߣҲûʲôֵ֮

һ𶥼߾ֵĴţֻ޼£ɣһҡǾͼ졣
ʱ𶥼ߣֱ̽˿УҲûκϢ
ж߶з䡣
ˣһ𶥼߾ôˡ
ǿǶߣվԴ֮֮ۡ
ˣȴɱɡƺһ𶥼ߣһͨûκ
ī֮ʱսҲľ֮ɫ
֮ǰնɱԴ޵ĽѾȻ޴ˡ
ʵϣ֮ǰնɱԴޣ̶ܹôۣҲôնɱģվնɱԴޡ
ˣλһ԰
ڣ˿ֲʵһԴ׼ĻǶôĿֲ
ǳ䲻⣬޷նɱԴޡ
׼İԴ޷ɱǣʵ̫ˡ
Ǽŭ˵ڶͷͷɱϣ֮£ټϣ֮ǣߴ󲿷ֵĶȴɲ͵ֵס
ˣǴˡ
û뵽еڶͷһ׷ɱϣ֮ǡ
һǧԴûκãˣǻ֮ϻҲ޼£ֻǰװ
ȻԴ޲Դ֮ŵ
ʱ˶
˿ֲ˭ܹ̹Ȼԣ
һ𡢵ڶ𡢵𡭡
תۼ䣬ϣ֮Ƿȣ߶ɡжߣо𣬶ɡ
˶٣ƺûֹͣļ
ңֲǣܹսս
ǱɵЩߣܹתΪĴԳκι֮£ͼ޵У
˵ڵϣ֮ˣǿʮϣ֮ǣҲ޿κΡ
ī֮žãܹնɱǶôˡַ˼Եá
ֻϧѾˣѾɱ䣡
ˣ
ɱ䣬ߣҪϣ֮ǶʱһӰϢĳϣ֮Ǹ

ַٶȣֱӴʱշϣ֮ǡ
ֻǣû뵽ῴôֲһĻ
˵ڶͷֱ˼㣬Ҳǿ˼㡣޼ɵŴߡ
ʱѾûκ塣
֮
ַ壬ī֮˽ֻЩȰˡ
Ǻʲôˡ
֮ǰһֱֺأǿƵַ壬Ҳ޼¡
ַ˿ûī֮ˣٳһ㣬ϣ֮ǾûˡߣȻϣϣ֮Ǳɡ
ôֻһս
ǧ罵٣
һַ̣ͺһ
ϵǧ磬ţһǧ֮ͬˮһ㣬ӿţ󣬻ΪһɿֲһŴһ˲併١
䣡
һ̣նĺڰ
һ̣ʱն·ֹ
ǧ罵ٵһ̣˶۾Ŵ졣
֮Ҫʲô
һ֮Կ

һַ̣ǧѾƺƵٶ£ϡ
ַоһĿֲ·Ҫ˺ǧ硣
ַǿ
ɽͷԴޣʵҲԶԶ
ַܸоǧʱ䶼֧Ųס
Ҳ֧һɲǵʱ䡣
һɲʲô
ʲôҲˡ
ַ˵һɲѾԾʤˣ
ǧ罫ֵһɲǣַѾĸӦûʱչѹơҲ˵½ֻ֧һɲǣһɲǵʱҲκʱѹơ
ˣһɲǣʱǲκѹƵʱ
¡¡
ûκԥһַ̣ǧڵʱ޾ʱ֮Яѹֱ֮ӽ١
ʱרѹǿ
һҲовͼҪʱ
ֻϧʱûκα仯ֱȥ


1942 հ
˿ַ̣ǧ֮ڡ
ʵǧ統Уʵϣ֮ǵߣǧ֡
ȴûзǺǻ֮ǡ
ˣǧ֣ʱֱӽٶ£ѹȥ˶۾Ŀ¶һ˿ϣ֮ɫ
Ψһϣˣ
ܣǲã⿿ַһˣܹնɱֻҪֵַܹסˡ
նɱǸû
˶еʱʱʱճ˲¡мȻʵϽֻһɲǡ
䣡
ڣʱȥûһɲǵʱ䣬ֻһ˲
ʱʱ֮εѹס˿Ҳáʱ޷С
ѹˣ
ī֮Щš
ī֮ʱսˣѾַնɱԴˣǺַʱص㡣
һѹʱУǾͻϴѶˡûп˭ʱѳ
ǰԴޣʱɱͷ
ȻǲʵʱѾɱͷԴޡ
ַɫأҲĶʱ
һεַǿʱչˣʵϣҲûжٰܹɱ
ֻǾȫѹʱ
ڣѾѹʱ֮Сʱڣַܸоھҵš
ʼն޷ѳ
ⲻַ˿˵ܺǿҪʱƺǲһ㡣
ǣ̵ַʱѹ
ǿ󣬵Ѿʱѹˣĵĺܿ졣˺ܶҲġ
ûãַǰһ漴ʱóһöʱսᾧ
նɱˣ
īܼ֮

ַ嵭˵
һζī֮˵һγصĴһѵ֮ǰΪܹսʤһУĳ֣ʵ
ǿǻַ֮ǿ
ַ壬ܹնɱһԴޣǺεȿ£
뵽ī֮Ϊ˺˷ܡ
֮㡭Դ֮ڣΪհ
ī֮ҲڷӦ˹ʵ
հһĳƺš
ЩߣͨߣֻҪжԴô磬Ǻպհ
ֻǣԴӽԴ֮źһоͶˡհֻҪûʱ֮Ҳֵһᡣ
ЩߣʵҲﵽ˼ޣҲֻǶ߲Σ޷Դ֮ڣ¡Ϊհ
ڣַƺһԴ֮ڣҲΪհ
հܵһնɱ
ַ˵ͷʵʵûҪο֮Ҳû취
ġհ
˼鰡Դ֮ڣΪհ̫˼ˡ
ԭΪԴ֮ڣ߾Ǽˣû뵽³Ϊհ
߶ףַһ֮նɱζʲô
Դ֮֮ԱΪԴ޵£ʵΪԴ޵аԴޡȴû˭ܹԴ֮ӵհ޷Դ࿹⡣
ڣһжΪַı䡣
ī֮±õ
ַء
˵ڶͷⱾͺܲϾ֮ǰûյİԴ޵ϡ
ī֮ɫص˵֮ģһ
ַ˵ͷϣ֮ΣѾ˶˿
ЩǣַĿȴЩ졣
Ŀ˸һ˿âҲ֪ʲô㡣

ϣ֮ǽƽѾһºˡ
һµʱ䣬ϣ֮Ǳıǰӵķ١
һЩ߷أȴȻ䷢֣ϣ֮ǾȻ˷츲صı仯
֮һͻȻðȻ͵նɱһͷԴޡ
ʵЩ˼顣
ô˼飬Ҳʵ
˶ڴŹڻ֮Ϣ˽֮ģȴֻˡ
˿ַ̣Ķڡ
ī֮ʱս˶ڡ
֮ǵĵ飬ͷǴİƲ⣬նɱĵһͷеĹϵܿѪ֮ĹϵԲŻֱϣ֮ǣĿľΪնɱĵһͷ𡣡
ī֮һһ䣬ϸ˵
İ
ַһ˵֡
˳˼С
ʵѾɽնɱһͷԴޣĿǰʱսᾧҲѾõĿšհԴ޵鱨ͷԴޡȫնɱҲֻܵõöʱսᾧɴղöʱսᾧ
˶˵ͷ
һ뵽Ѿöʱսᾧһȡ
İûаԴޣ
ַʵ
鱨Ҫϵܷöʱսᾧ


1943 ʮ𶥼ߣ
϶У˵Դ֮ڣеھͷԴ޵ĻôİĿܣڶͷǴİ߳𣿡
ī֮Ȼַ֪˼
ھöʱսᾧҪģˣҵھͷԴ޾ԵúҪˡ
Ŀǰȷ֪ͷԴ޴ڣҪİȽͷԴ޽˲С
֮һ¿²ôֹۡ
֮̾һϵıԵЩΡ
£
ַЩ֣ī֮ӦúַܸܹնɱԴޣöʱսᾧҲʱ⡣
ڣī֮ȴ棬ʲô£
֮һ֮նɱ˵ڶͷ֮ǰвУնɱһЩԴ޵ϢҲˡڣ󲿷ֶߣʵѾ֪˹Դ֮ܣǡ
ī֮û˵ˡ
ʵַѾЩߵ˼ҪһϾԴ֮ջʵ̫ˡ
ǰϣҲˣڣϣǰȻ᲻ϧһд۶Ҫ룬Ӷһ
Ҳ룿Ҳ֮С
ǡ
ī֮˵Щʲôȴҡҡͷ
ôඥߣѹҲܴ󡣶ңؼַ壬Щô֣ҪַͷС
ʵҵԴ֮磬ûʲô塣һǽʮҲǽοԴ֮ڵʲôǶ֪һ룬ҲиӦõپ͵ø٣ȻҪһôܳɣ
ͳһҪμӵĶߣȻҪ룬ôʣµͷоλõİԴޣǾʹһΧɱɡ
ַ嵭˵
ΧɱԴ޶ңǻʲôʸһ浱ַǻʥˣǸܡ
һΧɱԴޣǻ˵ģڶͷϣ֮ǣ߾˲ء
ˣ֮ģЩԻᰲ׵
ī֮£ַ廹Ǻܷĵġ
ǣַĵȴš
һ£ī֮ڽ°׵ˣңһ
֮Ѿ׵ˡȷμΧɱĶߣ㣬һʮλ
ʮλ
ַǰһȻôĶߣ֮ǰû뵽ػкܶǴӸظϻصϣ֮ǵġ
Ȼ϶Ҳ˳
ΧɱԴ޿ɲǶϷлַ֮ڣ˭ܿ϶ַһȳ֣
õ٣͵ø١
ǾģǶһ׼
ڶ£϶ҲҪ롣ī֮ȻǿƾܾЩߣʸûС
Ҫڣī֮ȶߣֱӾѹòַ嶯ˡ
ϾַûԴ֮ŵ߶Դ֮硣
˶ߣ붼롣
ȻҵԴ֮磬ַʲôˣȻַȨ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ַߵеĵһˣҲΨһһλհ
ʵһУ
ʮλҲˡҲգȽͷԴ޶˰ɡ
ַ˵ͷһµʱ䣬Ѿ֮õ˹ͷԴ޵ϸϡ
͵Ż֮仰ˣ
ī֮ҲЦ
Ѿ׼ˣֻҪַ嶯ʱԡ
ǣַ彫Ŀ׼˵ͷԴް
ͷԴޣһƬ޴ĺУںӣƬ֪˶ٱԴ֮ĺ
ҲֻĺܹðϢ
ܿ죬һʮλ߸ϵƬ
ڳ˯İҲˡ
ϾʮŹɿֲϢǿɷͬСɡ
λжɣҪһ͵ÿλļֵ
ī֮˵
ī֮ĻʹַĻˣඥ߲ʱȴ˵ʲô
ηԴޣηַ֮壡
ΪܹԴ֮磬½ֻһϣҲԸƴһС
ɱ
ʱʮλߣī֮£͵ĳ˺ףҵ˰Ĵս
ȻʵǿǰԴޡī֮ȻԶԶǰĶ֡
ԴҲ޼£ֻðһСˣŭ˰ʹޱȵķŭ
أ
𶥼ߣ飬һشòӳ˺ס
ţӴ͵ĳ˺ס
ܷŭɱ졣
δȻ߸Ҫһ£˸ֲ޲ɱߡ
ѾƳףַһ䡣
ȵľᣡ


1944 ֻһöʱսᾧ
¡
ַǧ罵ˡ
֮һֱûг֣ʵڵȴᡣںףַɲʩչ޷ӳȫʵ
Ȼ͵ÿЩˡ
ʵ̫ǿȲϵڶͷˣַǧס޷˺ǧ硣
һ̣ʱѹ£˲;뵽ʱ֮С
öʱսᾧ֣

߶Ӻ׷˳
ī֮ʵ֮ɹ𣿡
ˣöʱսᾧѾ֡
Ǿͺãֻϧһλߡ
ī֮˿漴ҲԵЩȻ
ˣһλˡ
֪ôĺ䶯
԰һλߣƺô⡣ңһߵܺãһλʮλ
Щ˵ߣַ֣»һЩ
ˣһνֻһ𶥼ߣѾ൱ˡ
ȻһλߣҲʲô¡ʣʮλߣûκӰ졣
ңַҲᵽ˶ĺô
ڶԸԴʱ˶ಢûʲô̫ĺô
Щȥһ󣬻Դ޻õġһԸԴ޵Чɻĺܸߡ
һ
ַ嵱ʣµĶߣǰһͷԴڵĵط
ͷԴޣһƬС
ߵľˣͲе
ַ岻֪£ҲóȻжˣͷԴ޵ġ񡱣Ȼǽʮλߡ
һΣȰҪΣࡣ
Щ޷˵Ľ뵽С
ʱĹȥ
һʱʱʱ
Ȼҵ𶯣ţһͷСɽƵӴԴ޳ƺԵúܷŭ
ַһѾ׼õǧ˲併٣
¡
ǧ罵ٵʱճӵеʱͷԴޣûУֱӾͱʱɱΪ˵öʱսᾧ
һΣɱȽ˳
ңжߵҲȷô࣬Чࡣ
ַҪ£ֻҪ׼һˡ
ǰǵͷԴޣˡ
ܿ죬ī֮Ҳ·˳ϸͳһɫһһΣλߣ
λ
ַЩԾԭַֻʮλߣټλֻʮλˡ
УȷЩ鷳
λߣҲڿɳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ҿʼһʱ䣬ǰͷԴ޳
ͷԴҲ˳ûгʲô⣬λߣֻʣʮһλߡ
Ȼôߣ˵鶼ܸߡ
еڰͷԴޣһɹǾֻʣһͷ
ʤ߶¸߰
ֻڰͷԴޣȴʧء
һΣʧ˰λߣַ嶼òʩչʱǣƣżնɱͷԴޡ
ߣֻʣʮλ
֮ǰһʮλնɱͷԴޣʮλߡɲһС֡
Ҫõپ͵ø١
بŲ
Щʧ䣬ȴǸԼڴ
öʱսᾧ
ֻһöʱսᾧܹöʱսᾧˣʱԴܹ֮ҵˡ
һĻ
ַȴȻֻһöʱսᾧʵϣȴǳѣңҲΣաΪھͷԴޣûҵ
ֻİ
İеʲôʵ߶һ룬Ǿðա
ȫûûпܡ
ˣַûóȻ룬ȷϣ֮ǣҪú׼һʱ䣬ȫ׼
ַ廹֮¥ĵԴ֮š
ܹҵھͷԴޣȻٺòͲǰİˣʵҲʱٽİ
ңַ廹ʮλߵѰܹǧĵر
һΣԴ֮ѰŶĵر
ҪİַҲһҪ׼֣ʵһİΣգҲܹԱ
ЩҲϡ
ǶַһжĹؼַֻʵǿˣǽİ󣬳ɹĸʲŻߡ
ˣǶڽ߾ȫİַѰңܹǧĶĵر


1945 İ
ַҲʲôϣϾ֮ǰѾѰҹһˡ
һΣн붥ߵİӰȻױȣȻҵ˺һЩĶĵر
ңַҪ
û˰Դ޵вЩߣԴ֮ںˣֻҪĳЩͲΣա
ЩߣҲͶáңַʵǿ󣬶ҲкôˣЩԳ֣Щĵر͵ַǰ
ַܸпǰʵǿЩ߿ɲˡ
һΣ߶ַ嶦֧֣Żֽ
ȻַҲ⣡
ЩߣһһĶĵرҶַҪھûãַ廹һԡ
ڽİǰΣַ嶼óǿʵ
ַЩĵر
ܹǧŵĵر
һһ俴ǾݵҶݣֻǣַʹùǧûκα仯
֤ĵرûá
ڶļ
Щĵرһһַʮûκá
ƭַ壬Щĵرȷܹǧš
κַѾʹùܶඥĵر⣬ĵر⣬һжûκá
ַҲ̫
һʮ˼ĵرַ巢ܹǧŵĵرȻ̫ܹ࣬Ҳֻ
Ҫַ֪ǧѾŵһ£ĻϣټǺεȿֲ
Ѿ˵ĵرѾƶеĶ⣡

ºַ۾
ǧٶţʵѾ֮ϲˡʲôϣû뵽Щ߻ַһľϲ
ڽİ֮ǰܹٶʵַ˵˵¡
ˡ
ַоڶʱٶī֮
֮оô
ǳû⣬ھöʱսᾧûʲô⣬ȻǰܹҵھͷԴޣ
ַš
ʵܲţ
ڵʵٶ࣬ǧӵǿ󡣾ĵڶͷַҲôסܳʱ䡣
ǾͺãҲ׼Ĳˡ
ܺãǾͳɡ
ַ˵ͷ
ʮλߡ
Ȼ;ҲжҪ룬Ѿͷ˵ַ岻ͬ⣬ʮλҲͬ⡣
ǿĥѣʮλߣڵõᣬûκι׵˼룿
οİʮλߣҲӦκˡ
һȥҲ֪ᷢʲô¡ȫûҲҵԴ֮磬ԶѲˡ
ַš
ٻͷһϣ֮ǡ
ҲˣǶĿһϣ֮ǣڤڤУҲһָоһȥܽΣԶٻصϣ֮ˡ
ȻϣܹҵԴ֮磬ӶԴ֮磬ȫû

ʮλߣÿ˶Ѿ׼׵ǣƺƵİȥ
İַٽӴ
ī֮鱨ַİһֱ۵˽⡣
صأ
˭Ҳ֪İʲôİģĪʧˣŽΪ˽
İдܣϾڶͷǴİ߳ġ
ʮλߣܿ͵ִİ
ոյִİǾ͸о˲ͬѰһɿµϢж˿־
·ǻɵء˸о
УԼԼ·һ޴Ķڣͷ·ڶһ˸ҿ
ī֮ص˵ڣǵ鵽ڶͷǴгġˣڣͿԵִİˡ
ī֮ҲǺܿ϶
ϾİصĽǵ鱨Ҳֻܹ˽⵽زˡ
ַľҪڵУһͬʯ󺣣ûκټ
ַ壬ʵûаա
ʱ򣬼ΣգûаգҲȥһˡ
Ҷ׼ãİںܻܿΣա
ַ˿һ
ʵϣλ߲֪İĿֲˣÿѾ׼

ַһ£ǵһȥһЩȽȥ
Ͼʮλߣ˭ΣգַһΣա򣬾İҲ޷նɱԴޡ
ַȺем䣬Ҳڶ߽뵽İС


1946 ΣʮͷԴޣ
ˣ
ַ̤뵽İС
ֺĸоͺ񡭡ʱͨУ
ʱͨ
ַһʵϲַ壬ʮλߣδ֮Ǻʱͨ
ˣҲ֣ȷʱͨ
һʱͨǾͲ֪ǰ
һʱ䣬˶ܽţǳĽСġ
ৣ
һ˸ַʩչʱѸٵĻס
ûʲôΣոо
۾
һƵǲԫϱڡ
ƺһƬĴأǹͺͺûһ˿ɫеֻǻɳ
𡭡
Ȼַдһ޺
ַ峯޺ķȥ
һͷͷͷ
ԴޣȫԴޣҲͨԴޣǰԴޣ
̶ʱ䣬ͷԴΧסˣҶ
ôôİԴޣ
ī֮ɫһɷס
ȻΧɱ˲ٵİԴޣͷԴΧסľ
ǳΣաвͻȫû
ַ壬ʱҲû˰ա
󣡡
ַһͺȡ
ʱ̰շ۵һ
ʵϣַ廹С
ֹͷԴޣ
ƺĶ½˼ͷԴޣһпܻиİԴ޸
ⲻ˾ﵽʲôط
ЩԴû̷ַͿٵĲ鿴ܵ
һȴû񣬷һЩŹֵĻƣ飬һЩ
ַ֮δַơ
ףвдİʱսᾧĩ
Ȼī֮һӣһŷĩС
ַϸһɲǣȷǰʱսᾧµķĩ
ʱսᾧַ嶼ûмĩϢȴԲЩĩλãַȥ
оŸصʯ
ʯ棬黭ŹŹֵĻƣڻģһ׶
ĩڿ׶֮С
ѵ
ַ뵽һֿܡ
ŸʯϵĿ׶ǾͶӦžöʱսᾧ
һöʱսᾧȻٷЩʯĿ׶֮Уᷢʲô
ַȻĶ
ַֹ壬ʵϻĶҲ뵽һ㡣˭޴ŸʯԼ׶ﻹܲ뵽öʱսᾧ
һʱ䣬߶ȻĶԵú˷ܡ
𡭡
һ޺ǵ˷̾͵Ȼ޴档
ԴޣܵǰԴޡǴԿһ£ѾʮͷԴޣǺεȿֲ
ǰǻܽţûаԴ޸ô죿
ڣƺֺܿ־ˡ
ʮͷԴޣһѹǵ
Ҫ֣֮Уַ壬˭޷ַ壬Σ
ô죿
ߵĿ⣬ַ壬ΨһϣַֻܵնɱԴޡ
ַһҧĿ¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ϣֻסס೤ʱס೤ʱ䣬һ߾ȫٶնɱһͷԴޣȻöʱսᾧٷŽŸʯ֮С
ַ˵
Ȼأ
ī֮ܽ
Ȼ󣿡
ַĿһҡҡͷȻֻˡûгԴ֮磬ô͸ɡ
һݡ
ʵһûгԴ֮磬ӳĸʿ΢΢
ҲΨһİ취ˡ
οϣӶ೤ʱ䣿
֣
ַһȣˣǵһʱ䶯֡
ǧƺƵֱסͷԴޡַҲ֪ǧֵܷסھ͵ƴ
ʱ
ǧסͷԴ޵˲䣬ַ·оǧҪ˺һ㡣
ȴĴ߶ʱ
ʱ֮ڵһʱѹͷԴޡ
¡
ܺΣգַѾǧ磬ʵ϶֡
ǳɹˣַʱֶöʱսᾧַһʮöʱսᾧ
֮찡쵲סˣ
߶ƴʱ䡣
ֻϧǾ׼֣ıըԴҲӲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ַҲԥŸʯǰʱսᾧС
һööö
ַٶѾܿˣʮ߱ٶƺ졣
һ𡭡
ÿһɲǣж䡣
ַܻɣЩߣһʱ
ʱַҲϾˡ
ھö
ڣַ彫öʱսᾧȫ뵽ʯС
ַ壬Ҳ˿ѾˣЩҲѾˣΣҲ
ַתʮλߣѾ˶ʮ
ֻս
ɱ
һַ̣ŭһ۷ɱЩԴޡ


1947 ͨ
أ
ַǧ罵٣һأ߷ʿ
ֻǣʮͷİԴޣַ嶼ԵġǧոסһͷԴޣʱոѹ
һһͷԴޣ˲˺ַǧ硣
ʵַ̫̫࣬壬ڽֻնɱһͷԴ޵£Ҳֻܱ
ˣ
ͻȻŸʯϵʱսᾧȻʼɢһ˿˿΢ĹâЩʯʼ
һĸ
ʯһһʼٶȲ죬Ҳ
˶ܵʯ춯һĶǳ˷ܡǴ·磬ǿϣ
ֻһҲóס
أ
һ䡣
ߵѾԽԽˣܼ󣬳ַ⣬߶ȫû
¡
ֻһ󣬾ŸʯȫѾҵɢһ˿˿Ĺâ·𽫾Ÿʯһ
ͬʱʯϵĻƣҲ˴֮䣬·һЩϵ
Ȼַ̧ͷ
Ӧˣһڤڤ֮УϢ
ʹģǾŸʯƺʲôʲôֲĶҪˡ
ء
˾ЩԴޣǾȻѾֹͣ˹л¶һ˿־֮ɫϵĺˣ
Ҫߣƺ᲻ãҿֻĶǾŸʯ
߶۵һ
һΣʧء
ַ壬Ҳֻʣʮλߣ
ν˴룡
һжֵˣڵЩԴƺںʲôͲҿټˡ
ŸʯʲôʮΨһϣˣ
ȴʱܼ尾ȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ֻֻһ˲ĵڴÿһλ߶ǳ尾
ھĵȴš
ڣŸʯڼֻʯϵĻƣѾһƺĳصķ
ţһ޴ͷ׵ͨ˵ǰ
ǡ
īܼ֮
ͷ׵ͨδƺ̺ʱ֮ƺЩ֮ͬЩδ֮ߣҲ޷ĥ͸
˳ˣ
ַ˵
ʵϣӵĽţӵ˷ܣȴûͨʵ̫ˣңҲûнյκδƬΡ
ӹǣַδ֮㣬ȴҲһ
ͨһƬհס
ôܣ
ôһͨôһƬհףַȻ㲻κټ
ʵ˵ַˣʮλҲڳ㣬һδ֮ƺûκá
ѵͨʱ֮ϣ
Ҳܡ
ûǾĵȴšַܸӦͨСˡˣôͲϾͨʵ̫ˣȻҪþöʱսᾧܹ򿪡
ģͨйȻ߳һӰ
ԴޣһΡ
֮Ϊ˶ܵϢ
һһͷ׷ߡ
Ǵͨ
ߺȻ˵
ԣףȴԺ˶׶Է˼
οҶǶߣԣһͷѧᡣ
ͨⲻǽԴ֮ͨ
ַüͷ˵
Ŀһַˣ漴Ц˵֮ͨͨͨţк֣ܶ˳Ϊǧ磬˳ΪԴ֮磬˳Ϊ硭֮һϰ߳Ϊ֮磡
ַԣһĶޱȼ
֮磬ʵԴ֮磡
Ҳ˵ҵԴ֮磿
֮ǰĵߣ˿̶ЩԼ۾ʵǰ
Ԫ֪ж߶ѰԴ֮磬ȴһ
ڣҵԴ֮磬ܲ˷ܣһʱ֮䣬֪ôˡ
ַ˿Ψһ򶨵Ļˡ
ǶܹԴ֮磿
ȻܹͨԵߡԵ߶Խ֮磬ǣҲ֮ܽ硣
ǣ
ַ忴һۣ׷ָЩԴޡ
ЩԴڵأмп־˷ܣȻԴޣǻۺ߼ûκ
ЩԴޣǡšԴ֮硣ַ˷Ѿǧ࣬òײŴ˾öʱսᾧͨ˽Դ֮Ļᡣ
û뵽ȴЩԴޡ
Щȥˡ
ڣַʱˡ
ȥ߲ȥ


1948 ֮磡
ȥȥ
Ժж⡣
û˻ܾ
ͨڣʲôǶһ֪
׷ƺ֪˵ԥЦ˵ͨĿҪӴǵľſʱսᾧѾ֧Ų˶೤ʱˡ
Ű׷ߵĴߴ٣ʱսվ˳
ʮԪɾͽߣ˭֪׷㣡
ʱսһ˵һ仰
ʱսһ׷ľȻ㡣
ЩȻϸһ룬ȴֶȻˡ
׷ѰϵУΪʲô㣿
ڻǰҲûʲôԥˡ
ʱսͷ̾߸
ī֮֮Ѫ֮֮ȵȣѾͨС
ַϵļλߣȽϺáȻսȴû䣬лԴ֮硣
ַ˿ʵѾΣҲҪԴ֮ġһ̤룬ܾԶҲٷգٷԴ֮ˡ
ڽͨǰȴ׷ʵԴ֮磬ܹأ
أ
׷Цˡ
֮磬㣡ȥɣһȥеɻͶɻˡ
ַȷɻ󣬰׷ߵĽ͸ɻ
Ȼ׷߲϶˵ַҲǿ󣬶ֱӿ粽֮ͨС
Ѿȫ뵽ͨУֻʣЩԴޡ
ЩԴޣƺܿ־壬Щ
׷һ֣ɣɣɡ
һͷͷԴޣŰ׷ߵĻֶɽ֮ͨС
׷߿һܣҡҡͷ
ͣ
Ÿʯڵʱսᾧ˲˷ĩͨҲ̹رգʧ٣ͷ·ûгֹƵġ
ӴˣԴ֮ûʮߵϢˡ
˵Ѿȫûİ
Ҳ˵ѾҵԴ֮硣
֮ڻ֮ʮλߵʧԴ֮ڣѾΪһϵĴ˵һһ

ˣ
ַоһʱձã֪Ѿ
ʮλߣԼЩԴޣ񶼴һ޴Ĵ֮С
ಣ
׷Ҳˡ
ЦУһƵӣ̲ס׽
λӭ֮磡ǵһʣʣúɡ
˵꣬׷һ֣һӴϢӡ˵ԺС
˵ʼϢ
ϢŹ֮Ϣ
磬֮Ϊν֮磿
ַѾˣ֮ȷе֣ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ֮ʵʹ㣡
Ϊ֮粻ڹȥδֻڣ
ȥڡδ
ֻڣ㣡Ȼڽֻһ˲һ˲ȴ̶סˡ
֮ΰڣǱΪ֮ʱߣΨһһλʱյġ
ַʱӡǵġ
֮Զ̶ڵһ˲䣬Ҳ˵֮ǣûʱյţ㣡һͨҲ᲻ϲ࣡
ַޱȵ𾪡
Ǻεΰľ磿
ַȻҲʱֻ֮ǽӴδ֮ˣڹȥڣûʲô˽⡣
磬ַҪһ˹̶ʱյУԶľַֹܶʱİ쵽һ磬㶨ڣֶַˡ
׷ߣǳǰˡ֮󣬾ð׷߹֮磬˶ƺ׷Ϊߡ
Ϊ֮绹һҪãǾǽ
ʲô磬ʲôһʱܹͨð׷߽֮磬ҲǵµĹ
ȴַҪ㣬Ҫ㡣
Ȼ㣬ǳʱգûκΰ
Ҫ㣬ʵյУܱˡ
Ǹǳʱգܹӵдڡңܹݺʱգݺ磬Ǳεһ֮統С
֮磬޷ģ޷
ԭҲܼ򵥣ﱻ̶ˡڡûйȥҲûδûʱ
֮磬ֻһ꣬һý֮Ӧġꡱʱصĵط
ϢлйʱС
ַ弱æ鿴һȴ׵ĳȥЩʱзϢַޱȵ𺳡
ʱգԭʱյ˽⣬Ȼôǳ
νδֻ֮ʱ֮ıɽһǡ


1949 ʱУ
ʱգɹȥڡδɡ
ַڽֻǽӴδ֮ˡ
ûа취ԼĹȥ޷̶ڡ
δַֻ֮ǽӴƤë
ڰ׷߸ϢУϸʱ֮з
ȣǾ͵նԼδ
ǵģնδնȥնڣܹʱ֮⣬ȥڡδûԼκӰǸʱ򣬾ĳѣͳһľ硣
ֻǣδն
Ҫնδ֮Ⱦ͵ýδ
δֿܣҲζţδ
һҪδ췽ҹ̷ֻҪδ֮ӴδôͿƾʱ֮ģӶδ
δ󣬾Ϳδһʱߣҵʱ֮ġ
ÿһδһʱ֮ġѰҵʱ֮ģҲζţƿһδƿػնһδԡ
ֻǣһδԲ
еڶδ
ֻеĳһ죬״󳹴򣬳δ֮Ǹʱ򣬾ܳնԼδûδߣΪ£ǾζţûܹδɱΪ޷ҵ
ˣơ޵У
ߣ
ֻҪնȥڣôܳɾ㣬׳ʱգ
ַĳȣҪУյĹޡ
ǰֻǲϵǿжǿԼ
ʵϲַ壬Դ֮ߣʵ϶Уʱ֮ϵ
ڣַڿǰķ֪ʱеϵ
ΰġйϵһ׷ǳƵϵ
ؼʱ֮ģ
ַʱ֮жôҪֻʱ֮ģܹǰδ
ÿһδ֮ǼеġֻۡĻۣջۣпնδ
һжˡ
ַѾ⣬ΣҲҪõһʱ֮ġ
ʵϣϢлһǳҪϢ
Ǳ߽Ž֮ߣܹýһʱ֮ġе߶һͬʡ
Ҳΰġڶİ
ַԸ⣬ôʱܹǰԼġδ
ֻǣַ廹û׼׼ٵһȣٶ˽һЩ
ַٵһȣȴٵˡ
ī֮ʱսˣҵַ塣
Ƕˣ
ַ˵⣬Ѿ¶˾ģȥѰҽߣõһʱ֮ģӶǰδ
ֻǣһûлͷ·ˡ
һʧˡ롣
Ƕˣ
ī֮˵ͷʱսַĹϵǺܽѾ˼˺ܳʱ䡣
ǿҪˣʵҵֻ֪֮ȫġ֮磬û˸Ҷ֣ΨһȫĵطǰδпʱߣһǱնɱĿǰûκһδ֮Ǿ
ַ˵
ҲϢоϢ
ĿǰЩոս֮磬һδûյʱߣʵСġ
һЩǿʱߣһδ֮ôǾѡ
ǽ
δ֮ǲУҲ̷һδ֮·յδ֮
Ҳ˵Сϳߡ
ַ˲ͬǸս֮磬һδ֮ûУһǿնɱǾ޿ӡ
δ֮Ȼÿһλߵδ
ߺࣿ
µľͬʱߣӵŹͬһδ֮ô·ʤһս
ֻʤߣӵδ֮
ַ壬ʱսнôǾδҲпܻͬһδͬһδг֡
һһ˿Ͼÿһδֻ֮һʱ֮ġ
ī֮Ц˵֮ˣˣǻԻص֮硣
ַû˵
ȷǿԻص֮硣
ÿһλ֮ˣӵ֮ӡǣ֮ΪӡӵӡߣԷص֮硣
ҲҪʱģκθš
ο㷵Σ
һأûѵʱ֮ģһӾֻܴ֮У޷С
Ǻʲô
ָֻһʱ֮ġ
ʱ֮ޱ󣬼ǳɵ֮ʲô˻ϵõһʱ֮ģ
ˣһȥڶģ
ַҲûֹ
գʱսī֮Ǹ뿪ˡ
ѾȲַ廹͵סį׼ٶ˽һ׼һپǷʹʱ֮ģδ


1950 δַ壡
ʱһţַֻĸо
ʵϣ֮磬ʱûţԶֻǹ̶ڡڡһ̣ⶼǵʱ侲ֹô򵥡
ʱ侲ֹ롰ڡȫͬ
ַڻ޷⣬ֻеȵնδʼڻ߹ȥ̵ܹ⡣
ַĸоУƺȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ѾĽδ֮Լ֮ķ涼˽ĺ͸ˡ
ַһ֮ЩߣҲ½õʱ֮ģӶ뵽ˡδֻʣַһˡ
ҲûżҪ롰δҲҪ׼׵
ڣ׼׵ˡ
ʱˡ
ַ¶˾ġ
֮磬û취еģһŵ㣬һ󷽣֮磬Żʱǲʧʱ֮С
ʵϣһδǺʧġ
ЩϵһЩ鱨ϢΣַȥһԲ֪ˣ֪ΣգַҲòȥһѡ
⼸ʱǵıؾ֮·
ǣַҵ˽ߣ׷ߡ
Ѿǰδˣ
ˡ
ַᶨ˵
׷΢΢һЦĿһַʵ˵ӡǣ˵õµĶǺ£ڤڤУһ˿Ե֡Եֵ̫ˣΪֹ˭ܹʱգӦףһȥʵǷǳΣգɹĻܾͻ䣬ԶҲûлˡ
ףʱ֮ģ
ַᶨ˵
ڵѾܺˣǵˡ֮磬Ա֤ǲʧʱ֮У˻ȸ׼һʱ֮ģ⼸ǳɵ֮ʱ֮ʱǧ࣬Žһһʱ֮ģӴ˿ʼδ֮Сˣλᣬϧ
׷߶߶ͺһһ
ʵϣÿһλʱߣһοʼδ֮У׷߶ΪߵΡ
ܿ죬׷һַ֣оƺʲôֱ̧ۣһӡǡ
ӡܱ֤ʱ֮硣ǿʱ֮ģͷӡӡУʱʹá
׷߻˻֣ʧӰ
ӡ
ַϸϸĸӡ
͸ӡַܸ֮֮ܵϢϢصϵ׷˵ӡʵ֮֮һʱӦ֮磬֮硣
ӡȷһƺӡţӦþʱ֮ġ
ַûٳɡ
Ѿ¶˾ģǣһ̽⿪ӡķӡ
ˣ
һŨʱ֮סַ壬Ѿʱ֮ˣʱչ
ͬʱַԺиǳһĻ档
Щ涼İڤڤַȴһָоƺЩ涼ϢϢءӦþַδ˵δеһ֡
δֻһ
ַڵıʵʱ޿̶ڸıδ
һͷһжһ仰δ
Щδַ廹ѡĸδ
ʵϣҲûʲô̫
ÿһδַԼδ˵ַ壬ûκ
ַΨһҪעľǣǧҪʱ߹ͬһδĻֻһһֿܡ
Ϊʱ֮ģΪδ֮һλʱͬһƬδʱôֻս
·ʤ
ַֻǵһνδûκһδˣһʧܣضûС
Ҳ˵ڵַǱˮһս
ֻܳɹʧܣ
һδֻһʱ֮ģַڱصã
ˣ
ȻַԺеδ涨һƬ嫵ǿ浱Уʱ֮ĵ
ʱַӰѸٵĵȻʧӰ

һݻĹԢһӣ΢΢һƺӦʲô
ৣ
ʹϵϢƺһʧˣܿȡ֮һּϢ
̧ͷֿһԼ֡
ҵδô
ַš
Ե÷ǳ졣
ʵϣַʱ֮ģѡһδȻʱ֮ĵʹѡδ
һѣѾһԢС
ֻǣϸһ䣬ȴ־÷ǳ档
ǡ󡱶һּķʽԽһ֮УļԼûκʧȫˡ
ӹǣ壬Ҳַ壡
˵δַ壡


1951 ƻ
Ԣڣַм侯衣
ʵ̫ˣֻ˵ʹʱ֮ģδȷ򿪷ʽ
ֻǣַ忴⡣
ԼԽԼ˵ԽδԼʲô
ңδַʹʱ֮ģδķʽγɵδ
ǵַڻ磬Уĳһֲγɵδǲδǽƽʱա磬ַûлóµʱӡǣǿһֱڻ統С
ǲδƽʱա
ַеδ֮Ҳδ
ʲôδ
ַ֮磬ʱ֮ģĳδУûз£Ǿδ
Щƣȷˡ
δַļ䵱УַԵ֪Ҳͨʱ֮ģδʱߡ
ַ꣬嶼ûҵʱ֮ġ
ʱַ嶯ʱ֮ģԽ֮С
ʲô
δδ
ʵǹһʱյۣȥַãԶҲ޷δ֮
δַ壬ʵַ壬ûκα仯ˣʲôûκĳЩ
ⲻַ̾ʱ֮ΰˣδУַĸ壬ַġδ
ζʲô
ζţַ޷ʱʲôƻ
޷ƻǾζţַ޷ʱգûпʱ֮⣬ΪΰĴڡ
ǰַãʱյ⣬ƺ͸ˡʱ֮Ϊ׶Ρ
ʹʱ֮ģԽδԼʱַ֮ʱ֮Ƕôǳ
ʱգһУ
۶ǿʱնܰݡ
±ַǿ򱶵ʱ֮Ҳʲô
οַôǿ򱶣
Ϊ˽⵽ʱյΰˣʱ֮УڶʱյھϵҪġ
ַúһ˼·
ڼУַڵƬ棬ƺ󡣿Գ֮ΪһƬ档
ңصǾȻΪƼΪ
Ȼûڻ硢ĵطƬ沢С϶٣ǿƬİϣհ൱
ƬҲԴƬ˳ΪҲ׷Ѱ㣬ϣ֮硣

ַҡҡͷ
ʵϣڵʵ˵һˣʮ˸һӵϣҲʲô
ֻǣַЩ졣
ȻܹƬ棬ôûʱߣڵգ
뵽ַ;úܹ졣
ʱջ˷ʤ
ڵ֮ҵʱ֮ģֻҵʱ֮ģܳסաסһδ
һƿסһδôʱߣ޷δҲΪַĴ󷽡
ԺַڶδôҲʱһδ
ֻǣʱ֮ĺѰң
δַ塱֮ãҲûҵʱ֮ġ
ϢƺûеڶλʱһδҲ˵ַʱܰȫʱѰҡ
ʱҵһδҽ룬ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ַʵǿǿʲôհСʱ߾Ͳһˡ
νʱߣָЩʼ̤δʹùʱ֮ģδߡֻߣܹΪʱߡ
ΪѾäĿ׷ˣ׷ʱ֮
ַûмжѾѰʱ䣬ûҵ˵δַ塱ʹõķǴġ
ǣַϸŹʱ֮ĵϸ鱨
ʱ֮ģֻһʱ֮Сǳʱգô׾٣ʱϵʱ֮ġ
ҲΪʲô֮ôʱ֮ߵԭ
ʱ߿û¡
ǣֻڹȥڡδĳһʱȥʱ֮ġ
ʱߣһʼδ֮Ϊδܣˣʱ롣
ʵҲĻᣬ׵С
嵽ַһδʱϣôҲֻһʱ֮ģַðʱϵʱ֮ģӶƿסһʱߡ
ûʱ֮ģôһʱߣͻֹͣ
ͨ˵ûκӰ졣
Щʱ˵Ӱȴǳ޴󣬵ڱƿסһʱߡ
ַѾʱ֮ĵĻϢ˽ĺ͸ˡ
ֻǣַѰʱ֮ģȴûʲô̫İ
Ҫҵʱ֮ģ⿿äĿѰңײû̫áԳŸıһĸ֣ƶұ仯ÿһ仯δӰҵı仯ɻδʱҾͿץסĳЩʱϵı仯Ӷҵʱ֮ĵ˿
ַڤ˼ʱ䣬Ѿһƻ


1952 ֮ӣ
ַ뵽˾İ취Ǿƶҵı仯ʱսڵı仯Ӷҵʱ֮ĵ˿
ǰδַ塱ԼѰҡ
ֻǣѰʱ䣬ƺûκεãҲֻķˡڰգַûʲôգҲû˭аһܹҵʱ֮ģֻܾȥԡ
ַѾ¶˾ģȻжˡ
ƬӴƼ档
ȻΪƼΪ
֮Уġʥء֮ܳΪʥءߣʥ
ÿһλʥʵ
ߴʥأƬ棬ߴʥΪ
ߴʥزϵƵϱȽ϶ӣ±ϺƣʵҲڰϾߴʥظ߸ϣƿߴ󲿷ֵԴò
δַ塱ʵҲȥߴʥأֻûʲô֣ȻҲûкߴʥйʲôӴ
ЩʥҲַ忴һ۾֪Ͳʱߣ󲿷δ֮û
ֻǿյеհ൱Դ֮ڵĶߣδ֮һȴǺԴ֮ڵĶûȡ
ңϸ˵еǱȽ˵ġ
Դ֮ţյеĲ֮硣
Ȼǰַİ취ãôڣַ͵øıһ·ʽˣҪƶƬı仯Ⱦ͵ߴʥؽӴߴʥأ
һߴʥһƬͳһߴʥأ浱УǺεȿֲ£ԹӰ졣
ˣʱַҪѰʱսڵ㣬ҵʱ֮ĵ˿ҲǼпܵġȻַֻƲ⣬ı仯ַ廹ȥƶС
ߴʥء
ַǼ΢΢¶һ˿Цݣ漴Ӱһʧ˹Ԣڡ

¡
ߴʥ֮һΨһԽΪʥء
˿̣ĵĵһɿֲƳռ䶼Ťһ˿ռ
ͻˣ֮һĿռ
ʱ䡢ռ䡢Ǵ֮һ
ܹ֮һߣǶܹΪ涥ڣʥ֮µ޵дڡ
Ȼ޷Ϊʥ
ϾҪΪʥ𣬿ɲǽô򵥣ҪǱҪûܳΪʥ
ߴʥضʥ𣬳췭ظĴ£Ļʥ𶼲档ʥ֮µ޵дڣʹ߶˵սˡ
һɿֲϢȻûдﵽ޵еĵزҲѾǱˡ
춼ʦ֣
ţȻ춼ʦ֣ꣿһ궼ûаɣȻһ·𣬽ʦֲڽ£ǶǿС
ٺ٣Ͳ֪˰ɣѾʥƲ⣬춼ʦ֮ӣһﵽʥ֮޵еĵزûʲô̫Ѷȡпܵõһ֮Ϊʥ𣡡
ʥ𣿲ܣʥزĿҵֶһλʥܴƽ
Ҳɣ춼ʦһֱڴ漣˭֪ʲô漣
Ӷ۷׷ףǹڵĵطĽ
һʼ춼ֻһ΢ĵӣڵͲʲô
ȻܽҲšУͲǿˡ
˭뵽̶ʱ䣬춼ǿ𣬳Ϊǿӣ
ǵе೤ϣԶԶ춼Ķ֡
ףǿơ
ʱ˭ûע⵽ͻȻһİӰ
Ҫ֪۵С
ۣȻС֮ۡƣȴʲô֮ء෴̺ſֲĻ
ǼΪǿߣ޵еսҲ޷ۣһͻᱻݻ٣Ϊҽ
ʥ֮µ޵дڣܹĻ˸Ǿû취롣
ǿʥҲϢĽۣǽ󻹲˷֣ǸͲܡ
ÿһʥؽˡ
ۣҪʲô֮ࡣ
˭뵽һİˣϢĳڵУ
ַȻʱֱ֮ӳ˵С
˫ۣ͸谭Ȼһ۾Ϳ춼
˿̣춼ϵȷһŨˣ·Ӱһ֮УȴһЩŨɷ
Ȼ춼ô򵥡
п棬ߴʥصĹؼ
˼ƻ˳
ַǼ¶һ˿Цݣ漴ӰһʧȺС


1953 ʥ
ͻˡ
춼ҵУһ˿â
漴ֳ̾һ
һȻͻƣûܳռɲ޵дڡοΪ޵дΣ
޵֮ϣʥ
ûͲܳΪʥ
춼һܣո̤Уʵͻһӣһ޵ǿߵı
Ҳӣ춼ܹһߵ˽졣
ֻϧѾǰ·ȴףҪȥѺѡ
Ƭ棬ÿһģҪõһ֮ѣ
ˣ
ͻȻʱ춼ҵУȻͻأĳһӰ
˭
춼һȷܾȣҵУôͻȻһİˣӦĺԷ˿Ŀռ䲨ûУͳǰ
Ҫš
ַ忴춼һģ̶Ҫֱַ֡һ֣ͽ춼סˡ
춼ȫô޼£и־
޵ǿ߶ûʥҲôϢͽɣ
˾˭
ַ嵭һЦƺ춼ȫĿ⣬ƽ˵дˣһΪƬĹؼߴʥصĵλڵ㻹Сңռû򣬸û޷Ϊʥ𡣡
˱ֻҪӱĽ飬ôδǳΪƬҲʲô
춼۾΢΢һ
Ҫʲô
춼ʵ
ǲַĻ֮ӣ˲޴෴Ҫõʲô͵øʲô
ԷԵ޹ʣôŵôʲô
˵Ҫ㸶ʲô˵ȵһͳƬ棬Ѱĳ϶Űɣ
ַЦ˵
춼ÿɷ
ʵȷţʲôҪ
ңַܴ󣬾ȻҪһͳƬ棬ôܣ
ߴʥؾͬΡĴɽһبŴڡҪߴʥ¢ϴľ棬Ͳܡ
һӦþˡ
ַһӣһɵ춼ϣ춼ڡ
춼һæ鿴
һޱȵ𾪡
ȻһŨϢ
춼ܹ֮ô죬ʵϾǵõһƵܡ
λ޵дڣҲΪƵɱ֮Ӷ
ڣ춼ʲô
һ֮ôڣԶԶõǼ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ⲻܡ㵽˭
춼ʼˡ
ֱţʲôˣóһʥҲóһ
ǳһʥ𶼻᲻һ棬֣
ڣ춼ھӵһַ֡衱ģַ徿ʲôݣĿģ
˭ҪҪܴ㣬ĺôˣȥʥɡ
ʥ𣿡
춼ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷ
ַʲôĿģֻݣ춼ܹġֻʥ𣬲ܹ
ǣ춼ֱӴַ뿪ң˵Ľء
⴦أҲǵλʥбչ֮أƽʱһĵӻ߳ϣͲҴţҲ޷
춼ҲΪɫ츳ƣء
ʥˣ춼
춼˽ء

дһ翵ң춼ǰҲһʺ߽ͨͨУӰ˲ʧӰ
ףʱ֮
ַӰʧһɲǣ̾͸оʱ֮
ǻʵʱ֮ȻԶԶûдﵽƿʱ֮δ֮ĵزȷʱ֮
֮ǰַĻ֣Ǵڵһ׶εʱ֮
ҲΪܿɹ
ͺյУ˭ܹʱ֮
ЩհҲǽ뵽Դ֮ǸĻԴڵʱսᾧܹʱ֮
ûʱսᾧȻʱ֮ѾǳֲˡҲǵַŻԵɺϣʱӡǣʱ֮
ʱ֮Ҫжôѣǰеʥ𣬾Ȼʱַܾ֮ȡ
ˣ
ַ춼ܿһڡ
ڴףһĿ࣬ɢ޾ϵӡ
ݼʥ𣡡
춼æʥ
ӣȻǵʼˣҲǵһλʥ𣬵ʥ
ף춼˲ԾʱϢʥ𣿡
ʥĿ棬̾ע⵽ַ塣


1954 ƿص
ʥܾ衣
ʥƬʥҲֻôЩˣԲءһ㣬ʥǳ
ǰַ壬ʥȷԲ֮ǰʶκһλʥߴʥصˡ
Ҳ˵һλȫİʥ
ͷǳֲˣȻ󣬵ʥվ浱еĶ㣬㶼ܹ֡ͻȻðһλȫİʥ𣬸Ͳܡ
ʥ𻹷ǳľ衣
ʱ֮˵ʱ֮ʥУһʥҲʥ
춼ҡҡͷشʥˣҲ֪λǰ˭ͻȻҵҵУҡһ
춼û˼ʵҲˡ
Ǻεȵҫۣ
ʵ춼һ̣ʥѾ֪춼ϵҲΪ춼ûԭ
ˣʥ޷Ӧ
ڣʥȻӦˡ
ֻǣΪַõʥ裬ûѯ춼ϵ
ʥô뵽춼ϵȻǰصʥ𡰴衱ģ⼸Ѿ˵ʥ
˭һ
ַ˵ʥҲͲ׼ˣֱ˵˵ʥʵαǰֻǣڿ춼Ҹı뷨ƿصҵļƻɹ
󣿡
ʥһһʱڶλʥѶˡ
ºôĿ
ʥҲʾ޷͸ַĵϸҲʥ𡣵ĵ̺εǿ󣿶ʥΪϵʥ֮һ㱻ַв
ַóһҲļ仰õʥ
ô
ַЦЦ֪Ҫ볹ƿصôǰĵʥͱѹ
Ҫѹһλʥֱӵİ취ǾǳöԷʶ˴֮Ĳ׾
䣡
һַ̣ϵǧ֮񱬷
ַǧܹ֮סհҲеʥ
ңǧ֮Уһʱճ֡
һɿֲѹݺݵѹ˵ʥϡ
ͬʱһǿϢ֣Ȼǵڶλʥ
޼£ַǧ罵٣󶼱ַǧ֮С
¡
ַʲôûжֻǧ罵٣󣬰λʥ𣬶ѹסˡ
ǵʥҪַǧ֮ѹ֮£Ȼ޷
ˣ
һ̣кƺƵʱճӡ
ʱճӵеʱ֣ɢϢõʥ𶼸оΣա
ǿΣգ
Ҳ˵ٸ춯ַ۸նɱ
뵽ǵʥǵڶλʥЩˡǴδֻδ֣Ѿǲ׾ѹǡ
ַĮʵʥڱûʸ񣿡
ʥܱٲкã
ַ壬ܹնɱǡ
ǰջͨɣҵȾǰķԸ
ãʥ𻺻˵ȻǱʾˡ
Σ
ַ̫ǿ̫ǿˣʱ֮ϣҲԶԶȵʥĸ̡
ֻǣʥԴףʲôʱгôһλİĿֲǿߣλʥҲԶԶǶ֡
ܺãӦΨһ·ˣĿĺܼ򵥣ǾǵΪƿ棡
ֱַ˵Ŀꡣ
ƿ棿
ʥ𾪣ַ֪ҰģҲĿ꣬ȴַ֪ҰľȻôҪͳһ档
Ҫ֪ʥأʮλʥ
ӹ񣬾ʹδ˵˭ƿƬ档
ûҪƿ棬̤ʥءţڱݣȨǵصĵλʥҲǿʥɣ
ַ嵭˵
ʥֹ뵽ֲַʵƺ̤ʥأҲǲܡۼַ֤ʵһ뵽Ҫ̤ʥأǾЩ˼
ֻǣʥȴ
ʥ侲ϸһ룬ƺҲȫȻǻ¡ַһɹǻúôĹȻַ壬Ҳô
Ͼϣַǵĵλʥ
ʱ򣬵ͳҲסˣܹѹƬ棬Ǻεȵʢ
ܵʥҲ뿴һ졣
ȥɣһǵĵжҪʥأ˭ǵԹ󣬾˭
ַ˵꣬ջǧ磬ö֮ס˵С
ʣµľ尲ţ춼ԼʥȫȨ


1955 һʥأ
ߴʥأ֮ʵûʲôܡ
Ͼ˫꣬¸ڲһЩţʥڵľָơ
ƵƵʼٻļеӺͳϡңƵƵһЩǳֶΣʥصһЩ
ַĶѾʥصע⡣
ô£
ƵƵƺ£ѵ׼д
ʲôѲǵ׼ţ
ҲûϢ֪󾿾׼ʲô
ʥضԵƵ²ţֻȴûκ֪Ŀġ
ЩʥȴûзβܣǸеעŵһһ
˿̣ڲ֮С
ʥԼһλʥ𣬻춼һá
춼ʱ䶼ڲΪ֮ӣ츳Ȼһġˣ汻һãĿռҲͻͽ
ò˶೤ʱ䣬ܹտռ򣬴ӶΪ޵дڣ
޵дڣ˲ܳΪµʥ
춼ǰľһׯûַ壬Ѽӵеλʥʵǿ
һУַġҰġ͡ƻǰȻʧɫ
ַļƻѾ׼׵ˣ׼ʥض֣֮ƣݻЩʥء
ʥǽһĿˣΣ
ʥСʵ
ַǡʥ𡱣ҲǵŵݡһжַݵжԵж
ַΪʲôô
ʵϣ춼֪ʥҲ֪
ַ˵ͷãˡ
ʵϣȶԸĸʥأַ˵ûκ𣬷ҪȫԸ
һʼжһӰľơ
ʱʱϵһЩ仯ַϣҵ쳣ʱսڵˡ
ַĿģʵܼ򵥣Ǿҵʱ֮ģΨһĿģ

ˣߴʥ֮һ
㲻ϵʥأȴߴʥŽǰ
ԭܼ򵥣һʥ
ңʥλʱ֮Ҳǳǿǵ̲һ㣬ҰȾָһʥرˡ
ˣû˸Сˡ
˿̣ڵĴȴˣǳ֡
ʥȻȫˣڵڶ೤ϡĵӡ
泯˽ˣ
̫ϳ֮һʥأ絶ֲŭơ
ʥڵõ鱨һ̣ţȻҹˣ
ڣѾ֤ʵ˵Ұģʥȴɸе˼顣
ƾʲôҶ˶֣
ôԱȣ˵ʵҪǿһ
λ̫ϳϣĿǰǵ鱨Ѿ֤ʵѾжˣҼ㳲ʥӣټ೤ϡĵӣһ˽ڣǳ˶
鱨ŵСš
Ϣʵ̫ˡ
˵˶Щš
Ȼߴʥ֮䰵кܶ࣬˺͵Ĺϵȷãš
ߴʥ°ôҲʥ𶼳һҪƴһ
Уһʲôܡ
ˣ
ȻʥɫһĿⶢյС

˿̣֮⣬Ѿڶλʥš
Ҫۿɲףʥ֣㹻ˣ
ʥ˵
⣬Ѿ֪˫ˣȻˣҲͲٱʲô֡
ҿ
ʥ֣ʱǿҲֵסʥܿͱ˺һ޴ѷ죬¶˵ܲ
󵨣ʥȻˣѵҪʥ֮ս
Ȼʥ˵д
ͬʱٵӰѾѷ֮⣬Ȼʥ˵ĺʱ˹
Ŷʥʥ֮սΣ
ʥַһۣﷴ
ƽʱʥ֮սʥ𶼲ҿġ
ڿɲһַ壬ôһоͶıˣʥҲḲ
ʥŭĿڵʥԼ춼һɨĿⶨַϡ
ģʥľɲ񽥽캧ˡ
ʥµʥ𣡸¾˭
ʥȻַ⡣
ٺ٣ѯˣλǵصһλ̫ϳϣ
ʥЦ
ǵĵ
ʥ˿Ŀһַ壬һɼΣոоһֻ̣оص
Ȼλʥ
ңҲ˳춼һҲ˵춼Ԥʥˡ󣬻λʥ
ǺεȵľϢ
ǧ򲻸ʱͷѡǵȵ춼Ϊʥ𣬵ʱǵЯĴʥ֮ƣĿԽʥشڣǻ˵㣡
ʥһ֣ʱʥڵʥͳͳſϢͬɽһֲƳ


1956 ֻʥأ
ʥ˵ĵ
˵ʵܹŽߴʥеǰֻѹʥأ߶ʥػ񣬻ûܹѹǡ
ˣʥںŭֲƷ·籩һϯе
ǵλʥʵҲЩ岻Ŀ׷ַ塣
Ȼַֽλʥ𣬵ϾûĶ֡ǵڣʵʥһĽҡ
ˣһսͳַԽʯʥҲһַġɫΣ
ʥƱȷͬһ㣬ַȴƽ۾΢΢һУƽĿʥƾʥƱͷ·Ǻ׵һ齸ʯһƾ˵ĴȻ
һַ̣֡
һֻ֣ȴ·һ˺ʥĿֲơ
ʥʩչַҲʲôֵһ̣ǧѾ٣ס֡
һַ̣һư£
ֻ֣Яǧʱ֮е۵һǾͲǡôˡ
ɱˣ
ɱ˵նɱ
ַʵ²ҲԶհǿڣһֻ֣ʵЯǧȫǺεȵĿֱֲҪǿ
յУַֻԽԽۣʥԼ˶С
бϢ춯أֱֲ˺ʥֵƣݺ¡
ܡ
ʥʱֻʣ˷ŭԼ־塣
ǵģ־壬Ǹܵвǵʥ𣬴֣Ҳûиܹв
ζʲôǺζţסп
ʥ
ߴʥѾ꣬˫ǻǣƣֵĻǳټǵȻڶʥ𶼴֣ʵϣҲûһλʥ䡣
ڣַֻһֻƣȻʥ𶼸ܵв
䣡
ڣַȥʥƺûκ赲ֻɼᶨȥ
䵽ʥϣ䵽֮ϣ䵽פأ
ѹƺƵ޿ɵֵȫѹ
ҲãʥҲãԼפأ޷ֵסַֻơ
ַƺݺѹ£ȫûз֮ѹ촷ۣ
ʥԼˣĿɿڴĿǰһĻѾ𺳵Ըӵĵز
ַӰѾʧˡ
ʧģԼפء
ʥʧ٣ֻʣַ
ˣ˶ַһƸˣΪ촷ۣгĨȥ
Ǻεȵ𺳣
ֻʥأ
ʷУ˭
˵ֻʥˣǿһ֮ѹһʥص˼ûУʷžޣǿʥҲһ֮ѹʥء
ڣַȴֻʥأһ£ʥضҷ𣬳׳Ϊʷ
һĻλʥжڷ
һ㣬ǲһͺһ³ˡҺãַ峼űȫ˵
ʥһ˿˿
ڣʥһ˿ʧˣңĻﻹе
Ҳַ嵱ǵĳŵһһʵأ
ǿʵ֣һʵ֡
ַʵܵ
ף
ַ֣ʵϣղѾʥԼ˵ˣһƸ𡣵µĴȴʱˡ
ַϸһӦŷ֣ʱȻб仯ƺЩʱҲһá
٣ܹǿʱ
ԴһʱɱַͷʱǱ֮󣬼ֱ޷ֻǶԴô򵥡
ʱֻҪԴԴϵĳټַ廹ԴԴϵʱ֮ÿʱÿ̶ʱճӵôһգʱɱ䡣
ɱʱʲôӣַԼҲ
ʱɱ䣬һǺ¡
ֻʱҪɱ䣬ҪӴ󵽼ֱ󣬱˵λʥˣʮλλƬҲ޷ʱɱ䡣
ַ岢٣ֻҪʱܹǿ˵㹻ˡ
ϾַʱߣպҪ̤ʱգɲֻһʱա
ʱһųʱһգʱٴɱ䣡


1957 ڶλʱߣ
ǵȫܹλʥ𡣶ңʥصԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ࣬ʱ򣬵û˱ҲͳƬ档
ַ嵭ĶԵʥ˵
ʥҲĶѣʱȴַóϷ˵ǵʲôʱ򣬶ֻӻʥ
ܺãһĸʥأ
ַǼ¶һ˿ЦݣȻԵʥĻش⡣
µԭҲܼ򵥣ʱƬ棬ֻеһԺַƿʱߣĴ󷽡
ΣַҲñ֤󷽵ȶ
ôһͳһҾǿƵͱز١
󣬽ֻһԣʱٻˣַҲ̫⡣
һǺҫʥأ
ãǾͺҫʥأ
ַԵú˷ܡ
ڸղţָ˺ԵĸоʱյĲƬδƺҲ˾ҵĲ
вǺ£ʱղַиĻҵʱսڵ㣬Ӷҳʱ֮ġ
ֻǣڵĲңҪĲ
ǣַȻԭƻɨʥء

ԪʥأΪߴʥصĵһʥأ
ȻֻߴʥصаʵĶԱȣʵϣߴʥصǿûκ
ԪʥƬϵʥأͬʱҲʥʥأĴʥ𣡶ÿһλʥ𣬶ʱ֮Ʒ˼
õһʥأ˿Ĵʥıȴء
Ԫʥѵ׼𣿵˵λʥصĻʥһֱּ󣬽ˡҫʥءǳʥʥءĿǰߴʥأֻʣʥءʥأǰԮˡ
Ԫʥǲ޶ˡػģôʱ䣬Ϊһֹ¾û˭ֹܹˡ
λصĻʥ𣬿ֻоԪʥ֣ܹնɱ
Ԫʥеʥ𣬶Ŀ˾Ԫʥ
Ԫʥ𣬾ԪʥصĴߡͬʱҲϵʥƬʱ
ţʱǿ߱أܹʥصģȴֻоԪʥ
˭Ҳ֪Ԫʥ𾿾жǿŶܡϾԴӿʥغ󣬾ԪʥҲûгˡ
ҲֻоԪʥصʥ𣬲ԼԼĲԪʥǿǿʲôزҲ
ԵͻȻѣڣҪɨʥءֻϣԪʥֵܹ֣סλصĻʥ
Ԫʥһֱ۾˭Ҳûдţޱȵİ֪Ԫʥںʲô
ʵϣԪʥѾˡ
Ǻ£ŭ
ǵģŭԪʥǳŭ
Ϊһλʱߣ
ԪʥѾһʱߣĵڶʱߣҲ˵ǵڶν롰δ
ңںǰѾˡʱնɱ˲ٵʥֻǣЩʷڸˡ
ʥأʥͳģʽ
һֱڳѰҵʱ֮ģֻǣ뾡˸ְ취ȴûԸ
ԪʥҲżֻҪסԪʥأٴݻʥأٿһµʱѰʱ֮ġ
Ƭ޵еĴڡ
ڣŵ¼ıԪʥѾ鷳ˡ
ڶλʱߣƬ棡
Ҳ˵λصĻʥʵʱߣһǾͱһû˿תء
ǣԪʥԸʱߡ
ǸͲܣһĿǰҲֻһʱߡѾùʱ֮ģʱϻʱ֮ģ֪õ϶೤ʱ䡣
ԪʥԸʱ䶼ȴ
ολʱ߶ͬһʱߣǾ·ʤңھԪʥһƣѾµˣǾڰУӦûбʥ֣ǾԪʥĿǰơ
ԲӲ
Ԫʥ۾ڡǳᶨնɡ
Ԫʥ׼ˣ
ʥԵúܾϲ
Ԫʥһأλʥ𣬿ʵԶԶһʥˣñֲСΪ˱ݾߣһЧնɱʥǶһǰԨʥذɡǵһĿ꣬ǲԨʥУȵĻʥ֮󣬱һٳ֣նɱʥ𣡡
ʵʲôơȴʵİ취ݴͣҶԨʥصУ䲻⣬пЧ
οֵĻǾԪʥ


1958 ײ
Ԩʥأ
ַŵˣԨʥءҲһۣΣյϢ
ԣԨʥء
ʥ˵ܸӡ
Ѿַ֤һ֮ˡҫʥءǳʥʥءԨʥأǵĸʥء
Ҳʲô⣬ԨʥҲܿ챻
뵽ʥ͸оЩ鸴ӡ
ߴʥأַǰͲһʥأô
ʥ֪Լȫ̡ۿַһ֮ЩʥءÿһΣֻһƣЩʥؾ֧Ųסˡ
ѵߴʥأôһ
ְɡ
ַ岻֪ʥܸӣ֪Ҳ⡣Ԩʥأȥ˽⡣
һ¡
¡
ַ嶯ˣһֻ͵ĳƺƵԨʥصۺݺȥǿҲ޷ֵסһơ
ˣ
ͻȻԨʥҲ˿ֲơ
һɡɡɡĹɡɡȻʮһɿֲϢ񱬷һɣǺͨʥ֮ϡ
⡭ʮһʥ𣿲ãʥʣµʥˣˣ
ʥһ
ˣ˲˹ʣµʥˣˣܹʮһʥֱ춯أԨʥأڵַĳ֡
ڣ˫һ־Ǿ춯ءԨʥطݴͣʮһʥ󵽲˼飬ƾˡ
ҪǣлеʥԸ⿴ǸˣԪʥ
λʥصΰڡ
ǾԪʥû뵽ǳˣʥΣˡ
ʥҲܽš
ַѾһһپһһַܣǵҲˣˣڵʥ𷴵ַ֧塣
ֻǣûá뵽ԪʥһЩ˵ʥͷͬѹһʯһʼն޷ɡ
Ԫʥڴ˵УǿƬʱպյĴڡ
ʱʥڣЩʥ޼ɵս㽫涼򱬡
ǾԪʥ֣һһɱЩʥ
󣬾Ԫʥһ֮ʥأʥͳƬ档
ԪʥأҲĿǰеһʥءʵΪԪʥжôϣжôΪԪʥĴڣ
䣡
ܵʥѾ֪ˣûлѣ˫Ѿײһʱ򣬾Ҳûá
ַоһ𣬵һΣĹƱ赲ˡ
ʵϣַҲʮһʥ𣬵ûаͨʥϡ˵ʮһ𣬾ǶʮҲʲô
ĵһʥ𣬾ȻоһϤ
ǵģϤǼ棬Ϥ
Էʱ֮õķǳԶԶһʥ𡣶ʮһʥУ䲻⣬һƵַǧ硣
Ҳ˶ѡ
Է䲻Ĺȷ˺ַǧ硣ֻͨʥ𣬸޷һ
ַμˣͬʱ۾΢΢һУ˲Ͷһʥϡ
ʱߣ
ַЩȷ
ԽԽ񣬶ԷһϤϢʵʱ֮ԷҲδ֮
Ƭ棬δ֮Ͳܡ
ֻһֿܣǾǶԷҲʱߣ
֮磬ַ˵λʱһʱʲôӣû뵽һʱ֮Ĵ󣬾˵ڶλʱߡ
൱Σյġ
ܹԸʱߵҲֻʱߣ
ߣȻʱߣԪʱߣ
ԪʥҲͣ
ղų䲻һʵѾȫû뵽ֻǻǰġʥ𡱣ûشַ塣
ⲻþԪʥһҲĸоƺַ岢öԸ
ѾԷˣټ͵ϮҲܡ
֣
ַЦ
֮йͬδҲͬһʱߣ˵ʲô֣
㵱Ȼ֣֮ǰѾʱڲ֡㣬ҵʱ֮ģӶƿʱߡ
Ҳ˵㻹ûҵʱ֮ģ
ַǰһ
ǰλԪʥ𣬵ȷǾУʱߡַҲܿԷƬѾܳʱˣҪ硣
¶ԷѾҵʱ֮ģ
ڿ黹ûеĵزԷûҵʱ֮ģҲûʱ֮ĵκ
ʵ
ｻǲܱ߶Էģʱ߳ͬһʱϣǾֻһֿܣǾʤΪ߿ܣ
ֻʤߣܴһʱϣ


1959 һʱߵ
Ȼ㲻ߣǾֻһսˣ
Ԫʥ˿
ַ뿪Ϊ֮ƣֻһս˫޷¡
ܾԪʥѾƿһʱߣû˺֮ǡȴδһʱʱߡ
˫֮սһֱԵúܽ
ʵǾԪʥʱҲһ˭Ҳһλʱߡʱôá
ַޱȵء
ܰܣһˣַܿûһʱߣˣû·
Ҳӡ֮磬ôȴģҪܡԶֻܴ֮УǲַҪġ
ˣһսַ岻Ը⣬ȴȫԸұʤ
ս
ַҲһ
֮ǰݻЩʥͬһΣַȫԸ
ϵʱ֮ƺƵֲ㣬ʱ֮ѹסЩʥ
ԪʥҲˣͬǺƴʱ֮໥ϵײ档
ʥصʮһʥʱ򶼲òâǴ˽սģʱ֮ನ˺ǡ
⵽ô£˵ʱ֮Ȼôֲ
Ԫʥʱ֮ȻѾ˵زǿ¡
ֹǾԪʥλʥƺҲˣǲ˼顣
ʱЩʥףԪʥ𡢻ʥ֮ĲࡣѹΪֹЩʥصʥ𣬶ǻʥĶ֣һһ
˫֮䶯ַʩչԴȻƬʥ˵Ǿ
ֲǧĹǿޱȡ
ԪʥѲҲǼϻһֹƺκϣ޼£ͳͳˡ
ÿһλʱߣôǣǳǿ
ҲΪΣûԸͬһʱһʱߡһսҪʤʵ̫̫ˡ
Ԫʥźܴѹκβַ壬ַҲκβʵϣֻоԪʥԼѹ
Ȼ
ַǧ֮Ҳ޿ײ룬ǧĽҲǳǿ󣬲ϵ
ʱһԪʥҲܵӰ졣
ƴǲˣ
ԪʥһҧڲƴĻܾûлˡʱߣһʱߡ
ôƣʵܹһʱߵĲ
ֻвֵһλʱ˵ӵȴǿޱȣֶŵУԸıơ
ʱ֮Ҫƿһʱߣ˵õʱ֮ģδ֮նδ֮
һҪԭǾ
һһʱߣǿԵһʱߵֻһ֣Ҳǳˡ
ھԪʥ׼յΨһһʱߣַֻһûκʱߵʱߣĻ¾ͻˡ
ˣ
һ̣Ԫʥϵʱ֮ϵĲţ·һʱա
ܿ죬һƬȻͬ͸ʱգƺƵĳַϯ
⡭һʱߵ
ַܿͲ˲Ծ
ҲʱߣʱյСˣԪʥʩչһʱߵַ弸һʱѾӦˡ
ңƺƵ̾Ťתơ
ַ嶼ов
ַֻôֻ·һ
һʱߵʱߣǳĿ£ַҲ̹ˡ
һַ̣ûκԥҲûκα
ʱѹ
ַһȣյУһƴʱճȻ֡һ̣ǧǷţһ䳲ƵȻ¡
¡
ԪʥһʱߵƺƵĳַϯݺݵײַʱ֮ϡ
Ԫʥ˷ܡ
Ѿ³ַĵϸڣַ嶼ûеһʱߵʵѾ˵ˡ
ɱַ岢ûһʱߣ
ԾԪʥ˵һϢϢһֻǳνδеʱߣһλһʱߵʱߣ˫֮Ĳ֮󣬸ûпɱԡ
ھԪʥѾܹ󡱵ַᱻһʱϵ촷۵Ļˡ
ԭֻһðʧʱߣ
Ԫʥһ
һ̣һʱߵѾͬ˳һ㣬ݺݵײʱϣ˲㽫ʱû


1960 ܣ
һʱϵַʱû󣬾Ԫʥ¶һ˿ЦݡֻһʱߣˣҲһʱϵһǺεȵĿֲ
˵һʮǰҲʲôǲһ
Ͼٶ࣬Ҳӣվʵɱ䡣
һַͻᱻ˺ƬԪʥԼƬѰʱ֮ģһգҵʱ֮ģӶʱߡ
ԪʥЦݺܿͽסˡ
ƺƵȷֲܿûʱҲ˶ѣûоԪʥܿûַ壬һʲô赲סˡ
ֲַǰȴԸһ
ԪʥԼ۾ǹɿֲ£ʱƺ֣ôܣ
Ȼûһ
ʵϣʱ˿𾪵ַ塣
ǵһʲôܹѹסʱԴʱɱ󣬾һֱַǿɱﵡ
Դ֮ŻƬ棬ַʱǿġͨʱ
ڣʱվǱԪʥһʱϵѹסˡȻûнʱ飬ַѾ֪ʱļޡ
ǾԪʥֻһʱߣʱߡжǿ
ʱֵס
ַʵʱǿʱҲܵġǿʱҲпܱ촷ۡ
ַûǣʱǲƵģֱڶûлָ״̬
˵ʱпܱƵģʵҪ
ַкˣʱߣƿأžԪʥֻӵһʱߣھַ巴ʱ
ʱѹ
ַһԷʱϵַ˲ʱǿ
ʱ֮ʱճӶȻ£ʱžԪʥϯȥһΣԪʥһʱϵѾ⣬Ѿû˶
ˣַķԪʥҲûиõİ취ֻܷĵʱϵͼ
ֻǣղѾķ˾޴һʱϵ
ѾĵĲˣûжġ
䣡
ʱݺݵѹ£̼ͽԪʥѹˡ
һʱôɲþԪʥˡ
ַʶҲ̽뵽ʱ֮УֻԪʥȷѹƣȴûоһҧгݡ
һǱˡһʱߣסˣȱһʱ֮ģ㻹ûƿʱߣٻģ
Ԫʥݺݵ˵
㻹ٻûˡ
ַһʱʱ˲ҪԪʥɱ
ԷǾԪʥʱڣַҲɱ
ֻԪʥЦһ漴Ӱʧˡ
ţ
ַЩ졣
ԪʥӰ׾ʧﻹʱ֮СԴʱɱ䣬²ɱ䣬һʱУַС
δܱѹʱڣϢߡ
ԪʥȷˣַʱҲ޷סַް취
ˣԷһǷƿصʱߵС
ַƺ뵽ʲô˼ĵ˵ͷ
ʱһʱߣǾӵ˴󷽣˴սʧܣҲʱյʱߵС
ֻյʱѾûʱ֮ġҪʱʱ䣬
ˣ򲻵ѣûԸⷵյʱߣûжʱ֮ĵǰ¡
һΣԪʥȷʧء
ھԪʥĺݻҪٷʱߣַͲ⡣ǾԪʥʱ˵ڶʱ֮ģַ嶼ûҵʱ֮ģʱߡ
Ǿ㱻ԪʥնɱַҲˡ
ַԪʥ֮Ĵսƺʵϻѵʱ̡ܶ
ӾԪʥ֣ٵַ彫ѹʵҲͼʱˡ
ȵ˻عʱԪʥѾѹˡ
ôܣԪʥˣ
ܣԪʥϵʥ𣬵˾Ԫʥأôʧܣ
ʵԪʥսܣʥˡ
ʣµʥشʮʥһɫǺԪʥʧˣôҲûκϣ
˳ûκѡ
ǳַãպġϳ·ַ岻κβȶء
䣬ЩʥӰ޴
ԪʥѾˣôЩʥҲûбҪ¡
䣡
һַ̣ǧ罵٣˲佫ʣµʮλʥǧ統Уȫɱ


1961 ʱ֮
ԪʥնɱԪʥظ
ŵһʥأƬĸѾϴƣһҶ
ʱ䣬죬춼ȻҲͻƵ޵вΣƵһɲǣΪʥ
ȻµӰ첢
λصĻʥ˭ҷͳΣӴˣ˵ʱ
ڣ춼ʥ˶վַǰ
븲ԪʥѾһʱˣŬƬܴССȫɵơ˵ʥصλȻǴ󳼷Ļͻ⵽Ĵ
ַʽ̶ȵӰƬ档
ʥոճΪʥ춼ʵжһɻ󣬻ʥ𾿾ҪʲôѾʥأһҶ
ʥƺûйĶˣһֱСַ彫Ҳˣƺַ岢û뷨
ǶַԽԽˡ
ַ忴һ۵춼ʵʱ䣬ַ嶼ڳҵʱսڵ㡣
ڣַѾԼԼӦˡ
Ҫϡ
ΪƬΨһʥأƿ档һһӰ쵽Ƭ档
춼֮ӣ죬ӰһһһǶӰܴ
ˣʱվҵĲһһʱսڵ㡣
ַĿǰѰЩʱսڵ㣬׽ʱ֮ĵ˿Ȼʱûҵţܿͻҵˡ
ӦöɻҸʥأʲôԭɣ
ַ嵭˵
춼ʥһݡ
Ȼܺ棬Ҳַʵ֮ǿֱֲȻҲʥ𣬵ַһָǡ
Щ£ַҪ˵У˵Ҳȥ
˲˵ַǼ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҳ޷ԺƬ棬ҵĴ󷽣һֱӪȥǾ벻ǵĹʵǲҸʥأ¸ҵɣҲ޷£綼ǣʵ֮磡
ַû֮һЩ߸ˡ
ʵϣ֪Ҳûʲô
Ƭ棬Ҫͨ˲δ֮㹻컯Сַܹͨ˵Ҳûκλ
෴̹סһУȴЩ˸ءͬʱҲӵľη
˵˶̾һ
û뵽ԪʥȻҲ֮ʱߡ׷Ѱص߰
ʥп˵
ʵϣûʲô˼
Ƭ棬Ѿ޵УѾˡڸ߲ε׷󣬱糬ʱգʥҲż̾һ£ʵûκ׷
Ѿαȥ׷Ѱʲôʱգ
Щ˳ŵϦӣЩȴ롣
춼ʵƬ浱У൱ġᡱŽȡ֮⡣֮磬ܳʱգҲˡ
ַġ̹ϡȷ˳׷ġ
ַ˵ַֻҪҵʱ֮ģܳƿһʱߡЩʥ𣬸Ͱﲻʲôæ
ƻ߲ַʱնɱǣҸһЩʥַʱ˵ֱ׾١
ˣʥַ֪ʵݣӲġ
ͺܼˣַ彫һдȨ·Ÿ˵λʥʼϸѰʱ֮ĵ
Ƭ棬ʱսڵѾַ࣬׷еʱսڵ㣬ѰǵĹɡ
ģַҳһЩɡ
ţЩʱսڵ㣬һʮŸҳһԲΣƬ档ƺڹʲôģҲʱյģƬʱߵĹؼ
ַһ
ƺѾȷʲô
ַ󵨲²⣬ʱ֮ӦþЩʱսڵγɵԲεĸ
ʵԪʥҲԹƶı仯һ֮սʱʥʱ
Ƭ˵仯Ҳܴ
ֻϧԪʥûҵЩʱսڵĹɡ
˵ʱ֮ÿʱÿ̶ڱ任λãҲԪʥ𿴵ʱսڵ㣬ӡ
ˣŵ¾Ԫʥһֱûҵʱ֮ġ
οַҲֻǲ²ʱ֮ĵλá
ھĲ²ȷַҲұ֤ãӦмɵİˡ
ǣֱַҵЩʱսڵλøһƬտգͿκĵط
ַվǵһԣҳʱսڵΨһĹɡ
䣡
һַ̣ǰһƺƵʱճӣƬնС
ˣ
һַ̣УʱճƺӦʲôȻھҵţҷǳǿҡ
ַһϲ
Ķˣ
ʱ֮ģһʱ֮ģ


1962 δĺ
ˣ
һַ̣ʱճ𶯵ԽԽң󽥽γһƬ޴ĹĻԼһǿҵʱ֮ʱճӵоš
ʱ֮ģ
ַڿʱ֮ģ˿̾ôĳʱճ֮С
ַһץʱ֮ץԼС
һַ̣·ָоͨʱ֮ģʱصʱϵƬ档
ʵһ꣬һʱϵꡣ
һַʱ֮ģôʱߵУƬʱͻ᳹ʧӴˣַֻһ˲֪Ƭʱꡣ
ƿʱ߾
ַƺԵδϡǵãʱδĿģʵѰʱ֮ģ
ǵģδ֮ӶնδʱߴδĸĿġ
ڣö֮ƺֻҪʹʱ֮ĴδΪʱ֮ģΪƿδʱߡ
ƿǧʱߣ˺ɱ⣬ʵк壿
ʼնʱյ޷ʱա
ⲻַĿģҲնδ֮Ҳ볬ѡ
ֻϧַõ˵ڶʱ֮ģҵʱ֮ģȴûκļҲûҵնδİ취
Ͼֻǵһδδ
ַƾʱ֮ģٶȴ󣬲ַûżڵóƬ棬ϾƬӴ˾ͻᱻƿأĴ󷽣뾭Ӫһ顣
ʧ꣬Ҳκα仯
ǣַƬס
һꡢʮꡢꡭ
ַڵۿŵƿƬ棬Ϊ˴浱֮İﵽ˶塣
ҹҹĦʱ֮ģδ֪ȴһ
ַЩ˵ʱı仯
ַƬԴˣڲ˴֮£ַʱϵĹעŴ
ЩӴ󣬵ʵ϶Դ治κˡʱ˵ȴʵ̫ˣɱʮʥõࡣ
ַԵĸоʱڲϵĻۣһ۵һ̶ȣпٶɱ䡣
ʱַҲ˺
ֻɱһεʱѾǿôٴɱʱָжǿ
ַѾˡ
ֻǣҲޣַ岻ֹĲϸʱ㲻˴棬ҲҪʱĻָͻۡ
ʱ䣬Դ˵ܶݣַ˵ȴǳΪλ
ˣַʱɱ䣬ȥڶʱߣҲǵڶδ
οַҲ׼ʱ䣬ҲѾ㹻ˡ
ˣ󡣡
ַó˵ڶʱ֮ġ
Ժпʼֳһδ棬ַϢϢصδ档
Щδ棬ӵѡȴһ⡣
ַ׼ѡһδʱȻһ棬ƺַĺ
ֺƺһţַȴܵĺԲǻþ
ַ忴δĻ棬δ˭ܶڵַк
ѵδȥĺ
ַ岻ܸоƺһЩΪ֪ܡ
뵽ַҲԥ
̼ʱ֮ģĿ꣬ȻǶǷδ档
Ǹǻǻ㲻δʲôںң
ַ۾ʱ֮˲䱬ըΪһĨâַУַʧҵС

ưܵǿգռ󼤵š
һӰƬǿյС
֪ûáȥԼǺǡ
Ǽ¶һ˿Գ֮ɫ
˭뵽䵽㾳أ
Ƭĸӳ̶ȣ˵ʱߵĸӳ̶ȣѾԶԶҲ޷ƿؾˡ
벻취ôпʧܣ
һʧܣ㷵յʱߣҲúķʱ⣬ĵȴƬڶʱ֮ģǵõȵʲôʱ
ڣҲֻðһˡ
ˣ
ȻҪжʱһ𣬽ţϵϢһšȻɢϢϢƺǰûʲôͬӦһ˿˿Ĳͬ
ԭٻѾӵֵزˣ
ַ۾
ڸղţѾδԼϡ
ֻ΢һ¼䣬ַףԭʱδԼںŹȥԼ
ƺЩ˼ȷˡ
ֻҪʱ֮ûбƿأôʱϵδֿܣָĿܡ
Ȼȥַ壬Ҳһֿܡ
δַļ䣬˵ʱַļ䣬Ƭܻңַ嶼޷ƿؾƣʱ֮ĵȷûбҵ
ҲַעһȥԼԭ


1963 ɣ
ַϸԼļ䣬ˡ
ԭƬʱڵ磬ؽ硣
νؽ磬Ǿ磬֮󣬿Ŀǰַǿ磬ǵҲȲϡ
ȻٳԴ֮ŵ֮¡Դ֮ϸ˵ʵ֮ķ롣
һʱϣԽǿ磬һƿʱߣôܹҲԽǿ
ҲΪˣؽӭһƽ١
ַؽ粻ú󣬾Ѿףؽɲ֮һλʱߡ෴ؽʱߣַ壬Ҳλ
λʱߣͬһʱϣֱǲ˼顣
һ£ܳʱ䣬ƽǳĸӡʱ߾ʱߣҲû
ַڶδȴѾˡ
ңݼַλʱߵĶ֡λʱߣٶӵʱߣпʱߡ
֮ǰַһλʱ߶ˣַȴǲҰܡѾһʱߵټʱȴɲǶԷĶ֡
ַܵ˶Էʱߵ
ҺãʱַȻʧܣҲΣա
սȴ˶ַ֣Ѿʧȥ˽ʱ֮ĵʸҲΪˣַٻˡȥԼ
ʵҲҽ
ַȻʱ֮ʧܣַɾ͵÷յʱˣһأǾ͵õȺʱ䣬ʱ֮ġ
ôʱ䣬ַȲҲԸȡ
˽⵽ַһֱ顣
֣ôÿһδ󵽵ʱ䣬ǡѶأʱߣʱߣҲʱߡ
ַأ
ˣԽԽࡣ
ؽ磬ʱ֮ġսˣȻַڵһ̭ˡ
һûбֻ̭Ҫû뿪ؽ磬Ҿлᣡ
ַһ
ͨһǳؼϢǾؽʱ֮ģûбҵֻҪʱ֮ûбҵַ˵ϣ
Ŀǰַ״ʱ֮ĳ֣ʱǰҲ޿κΡ
ˣ֮뾡ʵ
һʱҪʵֻһ취ǾǲϵĴδһһʱߣȻʱߵʵɱ
취Ŀǰַ岻á
ҲǲãַòˣΪʱߣûʵʱߣˣ˿ֻһʱߵá
ʱߣû˱İ취
ַ岻һ
ʵϣַԼһ⡱
ǧ磬ʵţֻûжĵرĵر󣬵ַԴ֮ţõЩĵرʵѾھڶˡ
Ҫҵǳѡ
һְ취Ǿʱ
ʵϣʱǱ֮󣬼ֱַҪӵһʱߵ£Щӵʱ߿⣬ôͱǿʱ
ǿһǲеģҲǿʮٱϲС
ʱİ취ͺܼˣǾϵʱߺҪַ࣬޷ʱߡ
ؽʮӴ֮ǰַյʱߣƬʮϰٱࡣ
ˣҲһࡣ
ַ岻ʱԣؽĵǿʱ֮ĳʱ㡣
ؽһ磬ôʹЩ翪ʼɡ
ַѾ¶˾ġ
ǣӰһΣȻʧӰ
̣
ַһ磬ֻؽײ֮һȻײ㣬ȴģֱͬɳһ֮
ȻЩܱͣңַҲǺ棬ÿһֻһ֣
ĻӦʱ߲͵òʧˡˣַһһԵúСĽ
һ
ַһһ磬ȻֻһȴԸоʱȻɱ仹кܳһξ룬ȷܹ
ңʱַɣҲû˵ĹעʱߣƺѾַ峹һ
ߣǵУַֻһʧߣֻܶڽðͷ
ַ˵ȴһ£Էġˡ
ˣַĵҲĴɵٶҲԽԽ죬ԽԽࡣѾ׵ĳɵĳ쵱ˡ


1964 ʱսڵ֣
ᰣһλʱߵʱߣ
Էһ۵ˣҲͬʱߡ
֮ǰѾһλʱߣ˭뵽һʱУȻλʱߣ
ǣʱ֮Ļûҵ
Ƕûҵʱ֮ģôֵ֣𣿡
ᰳ˵ûбʤİգǲͶԷ֡
ٺ٣ʱֻɱƿء֮ǰֻС󣬶ߣԣȽǸ߲ǵ֮ѡԼ뿪Ҫͱսһߣ
˿档
ߣңƾ㣿
һҲݺʱˣηԷǣᰵʱߵγһ޴ĺڶ·ҪһС
䣡
˫ʼսˣսңһս֮£ܵĿռ׷飬綼ʼ
ؽζ硣ƣȴơ磬ҲζŵһСģλʱսನܲס
ǣһˣ
ʲô
ûз˵ϣ˶ʱߵƺƵײšÿһεײһ
ô޴Ĳؽ籾ǿߵע⡣
һĿսģЩհĴڣȴֶ岻ϡ
λ޵𣡡
ţôλһδս¶ܻؽɣ
֮ǰλల£ôȴս
ʱʱǱô꣬Ȼ֮Ƕʱϴһ޵𡱵ͷ
ֻǷţζǽ֮ϣǵһУֻǿ
֮ǰܻһЩ˲ڿսನһȴĿɿڴΣʵܱģ
˴һɱһƬ
֮£ؽ籾ǿ߶磬ȴ޷ֹöԶԶģ±ˣ꼰˵ù
֮Ĵս
ڣʱյһ˿˶ˡ
ǡʱսڵ㣿
һͬʱ֡
ʱսڵ㣬ôʱսڵ㣿
ֻΪ֮սƻĻҲЩ̫ܡ֮ǰǾԹַˣݻ˴磬ʱսڵȴûг֡
ڣ˸ܵĺǾʱսڵ㣬
ʱսڵ㣬ġΪʱսڵĳ֣ζʱ֮ˣֻҪ׷Ѱʱսڵ㣬һܹҵʱ֮ġ
ˣ˵һʱͣˡ
ҪսҲҪȵʱ֮ĳֺٴս١
һͣսȴ֣ڶʱսڵˣԼԼʱսڵҲˡЩ̫Ѿֹͣ˴ս˵ѾӰ쵽ؽ磬ôʱսڵ㲻ϵĳ֣
ȵȣҲǵµʱսڵ֣ԭ򡣡
ص˵
¡¡
ᰵĻ䣬˾͸оؽ綼ڵضɽҡ·ڵ綼ЩȣʱڱƵġ
ɫһ䣬̳𶯵Դͷȥ
һȴŴ죬Ŀɿڴ
ؽ磬һε磬ǳ֡µϣм޾磬Ȼÿһ㣬
ڣǿʲô
²磬ˣ
ȫһ֣ʲôƺڳڵĶһ·ڲϵɡ
ףΪʲôʱսڵˡ
ôȥؽᱻһա
ʲô˴󵨣
ǵƤӵ¸ЩС̵
񶼽
ʵˣԲؽ籾ߣпܣһλʱߡֻǣڳˣʱ
Ȼ᰷·뵽ʲô
ѵ
ƺؽȷλʱߡֻǣһλʱʵ̫Ѿܣٲʱ֮ĵᡣ
ѵǸĲҪȡʱ֮ģ
뵽ˣһʱҲƺ뵽ˡ
˶Ŀȥ͸磬һϤӰԼһ䳲Ƶƺڷ
Ȼ
᰼ŭ
ΪѾַ壬˭뵽ԷȻؽ硣ҿڴƻؽĸһȫƻˣõʱ֮Σ
ĸˣõʱ֮ģƿصҲֻһ磬ûκ塣
˶ȻŭѾؽΪ˽ﻹַƻؽĸ
ٺ٣𣬿Ҫƻؽĸ֣뿪Ȼ֮һ˶Σ
Ц˵
д⣡
ĮǴӦͺ֣Ӱ˲ʧ


1965 ָʱ
ַԺ䣬Ҳ֪˶
ʱûɱ䣬Ѿǿ˲֪ٱ
ţ
Ȼַļµĸо͵۾
¡
ƺƵϣһϢַ˵Ϥ
ᰣһᰣ
ַʱߣԷȻˣ֡
һַ̣ޱȷŭ
ôʱ䣬Ҳڳˣ
ַƺһӡѡ˹ѾΪʲôǻᶯˡ
ʱսڵ㣬Ȼʱսڵˡζţʱ֮Ѿ
Ȼˣǻʲôÿģ
ʱ
ַƺҲовʱ䲻ϵɣеʱˡˣǿֶҲʱ
¡¡
ʱһȦȦʱ֮˲סķΧ
ʱܣȫʱ֮
ᰵʱߵǿֲȴʱ֮У·һӾֹٲά衣
⡭ⲻܣ
ᰴʧɫһغӣҲǴʧɫΪһʱߵȻ˲䶳ᡣ
ôܣ
ǳ֣е
οܸܵĺַʱߵûе͹ƾһ͵ֵס˵֣ʵ̫˼ˡ
ʵϲֹ˾ȣַӾȡ
ʲôʱôǿˣ
˵ʲôʱʱôǿˣ
ʱ׷Щʱ
ȻʱܹѹˣôַҲǷΪʤĻᣬοʱ֮ģַɲ
ѹ
ʱͣʱ֮ûһ֣ѹ֮Խǿ
᰻λصʱߣڶá
Ϊʱߵƺʱѹסˣôȥǻʧܡ
ô
ʲôôǿ
Ѿҵʱ֮ģͲһ㣬ǲİ
֪ӦøϾɱ
᰺ʱߺܺڣܲġٺڣٲģҲ޿κΣѾʧȥַ
ʱֻܳ
ӲҪǾˡ
ʱߺ䣬ΪɱǺɱ磬᰿˲䷵ƿصʱߵ統С
ᰲأƾʱɱǾͲɱַȻ
Ȼɱ
²Ϊ֪һѾˣˣֻܷƿصʱС
ৣ
һ˲䣬ʧӰͺûгֹƵģʱѹ֮£ȴʧˡ
ˣ
ַ岢е⣬һ˼ӡ
ʱܺǿҲ޷ֹʱ߷ƿصʱߡˣҪ볹նɱǣĿǰַ
ǼȻѾˣôؽҲͳΪַ֮˭Ҳòߡ
û뵽ʱܹǿֵز
ַҲЩп
õʱ治֪ǶôˣԴ֮ŵڣʱַɱﵡ
ˣ
ͻȻַӦʱսڵѸٵӡ
һĸ
գۼ䣬ʱսڵӵ˶ʮ
ʱսڵ㣬ַ岢ǵһμˡңҲǵһβʱ֮ģˣѾоˡ
ʱսڵķֲַѾ֪ʱ֮ĳֵλá
ǣַʱ֮Ĵŵλãʩչʱճӡ
һƺƵʱճӳյУţյ𶯣ַһץһʱ֮ĳַС
ڵˣ
ַץסʱ֮ģޱο
ڶʱߣǰ˾Ųʮˡ
յڶʱߣַʵһЩַѾЩˣӿصǣǽؽһ֣ʱɣʱֻʲô̶ȣ
ַѾ
ϾʱѾѹʱߵˣǻôֲ
ʱߡʱࣿ
ңַ廹ָо
ʱٴɱ䣬¾һɱˡ
ǰַõʱǲƵģġôһֱʱճӵҲһֱûܽʱȫָ
һΣַоʱٶɱĻ¾ͻȫָˡ
ʱ򣬻ָ״̬ʱжǿַ岢оʱָɱһ̣ԼϢϢء
ңַǳҪ
ֻһֱֱַȴǳӣ
ɣʲô̶ȣ
ַ岻ԥʼʱؽ


1966 սʱ
ؽ磬ų硣ʵϣֹ磿
ַȫתʱؽû˿˼ʱؽҲܲס
Щؽ籾ǿߣؽʧһĶ֣ȴҿֻĿһһή
ַзִ磬ûк棬ûκһ
Ͼʱ֮ĵַ壬ʵϾѾؽˣĴ֮һúõľӪҲԲƻŪı
ˣַÿһ綼㹻תڶ磬ܻ۳
ֱǲ˼飡
ַĸоʱ
ֻǣʲôʱŻɱ䣬ַҲ
ַܡԡڴδˡ
Ŀǰʱߣʱô࣬ʱߣַҲη塣
ǣַؽʱ䣬ؽ󣬱ؽʱ֮ģٶȴ
һδַѡһʱߡĿǰַʵӵʮʱߵʱߣ¶ַĶ֡
ַĿȴӵʱߣΪǿʱնδַѾ׷Ѱˡ
ֻ֪л۵ˣп
ǣһ
ַûһʱߣһʱһʹʱҲԽԽǿ
ʱǿҲַ弸ңݺ޵У
һʱУַһӵʮһʱߵǿʱߣֻϧûκãַ弸׾پͻ˶Է
ֻǣַյʱԽԽ࣬ʱ֮ȴûӶ١
紫˵һʮϰʱߣҲһܹѳδܹնδǾζţ޷߳ʱյĵһ
һϢ
ַ˵ڶʮһʱʱڣַоʱƺһٽ㣬·Ҫɱˡ

ɫ磬ַյĵڶʮһʱߡ
ɫ統Уַ𽥵ĸоʱһޣ˵ͿҪɱˡɫĿǰѾ޷ṩǣɫ
ɫַʱҲһɱ䡣
ˣַҪһӴӳ磬Ҫǰڶʮʱߡ
ַڤڤһָоڶʮʱߣƺҪ
ֱѾǵһγˡ
ַ˿
ľ磬ʵѾоһЩǱѰϢˣصһЩϢ
ʱ䣬ַռʱߣһһΣ֪˶ʱߣвһЩʮʱߵǿʱߡ
Щǿʱߣƿʮʱߣʮʱߡִʱ⣬һЩʱл˵ڶʱ֮ġ
ˣٴַҲ̫ȡ
ַоһ뵽ڶʮʱߵУһΣա
Σգַȴòʲô
ʱ䣬Ǵһ֮ĳƺţպա
˵ʮʱߣʮʱΣַУ߹
ο⻹ϵַʱɱĹؼַλ
ˣַҲԥ¶˾ģʹʱ֮ġ
ַʹʱ֮ģԺУֳһ档
Щ浱Уһ棬ַ壬һ浱УԼƺʱɱļ
ȻЩֻδƬΣϾδֱ仯ַոմȥѾıδ
ַ廹Ȼ¶˾ġ
ৣ
˲䣬ַ߶ʱ֮ģ̾ʧɫ硣

̽磡
˿̣ȻʮλʱߣÿһλʱߣȻʮʱϡ
ߣʮʱߡ
˿̣Щȴһɱ
ַ»ǳȡ
Ϊʮλʱߣһʱߣ°ܽ
ǾȻͬһʱߵУǷǳ档
Ļ֮ôȷ֮һѡʱߣ
ȻǱķ˾޴̽磬ʱߵУΪӴ硣֮ϵҪɱ䣬Ǿһ̽磬һ
ϣɣֲ̫֮ˣǼ治֪ʲôȻܹɱ䣬ھôһɱ䣬ָöǿ
ǰһΧɱ֮ΪеǼˣʱ˵սʱյܹսʱգսδǵ
ʲôսʱյⲻǴ˵е𣿵ڣ
ٺ٣ǶʮʱߣҪװ֪ǲɣķʱ֮ģһʱߣԣҶϺɣûл֮Ǯ˭ܵõսʱյ
˶ĬȥȻж˸һ˿˷ܵĹâ
ȷǲ˿˷ʱ֮һʱߣֻΪ˱
ˣʱ֮䣬ͲɱԷȥ
һУֻΪ֮еǼսʱյ
ˣ
Ȼʱһ󲨶
ˣ
Ļ֮أʮʱ߸֣Ķĳһʱա


1967 ʱߵ
ˣ
ʱڲ
ʵϣʱյĴ󣬷ǳأ֪
Ļ֮˲ͬͲ޵׼һУڰһֱеĹעš
ʵϣԭҪ̽糹ҳַ壬˵δַ壬Ȼɱֻϧһ
ַһλʱߣҪĻôʱҲ޼¡
ַʹʱ֮ĴǾͲһˣһܹץ˿
ߣ
Ļ֮ʱʮλʱߣʱղҵķȥѾһŵλá
ৣ
ַ۾
ɹĴˡδԼϡ
Ժеļ䣬̾
ֻǣ΢һԺеļ䣬ַɫ͵һ䡣
ʮλʱߣѾ޵͵ˣ
ɱ
ַûüȫ䣬ʱĶԾʹһ
ַȥʮλʱߣȻʮλʱߣҸʮʱߣǿĻ֮ܶ°ܽʮλ֣ݻǷǳֲ
ַҲжʮʱߣټʱҲηκˡ
οַ崩ҪľһʱͿҪɱˣҪ
ڣΣͬʱҲһǧѷĻ
¡
ʮʱߵַγһƬ޴ĺơͬʱϵʱճӣǺƺƵֶһͷ䳲Ƶ͵Ľٶ¡
ѹ
ʱһ֣Χȫʱ֮ĽΧ֮ڡ
ʮʱ֣Ķʮʱߡһϣεȿֲˣʱ֮Ҳ޷ȫ
꣡
ʱ֮ˡ
⻹ǵһΣַʹʱʱ֮򱻴ģǰûгֹʱ֮û飬ʮλʱһǺֲ
ҲĿǰΪַֹǿһ
ʱ֮һ飬񱩵ȫкʱ֮ϡ
ַĶʮʱҲ޼£˲䱻
䣡
ʱھҵҡš
һ̣ʱͱһɿֲƺƵϯȥ֮ܵ
ַͬһ㣬Щɫ𾪵ʱߣЦһǵΪʲôû׼ǶԱֱһ֪գǵͳͳΪ
ַЦ
һΣʮλʱ֣׼ַᴩ̽磬Ѿ׼͵Ϯˣν׼ȫ
λ뵽ַʱ˿̶ֲʱڣѾɱٽ㡣ʮλʱߵʱߣϡ
ֻܶʱһֵʱһֵҲʮʱ
ʲô
ֱǸַ
ʱѾ뵽ƿѾﵽ˼ޣҪɱ䣬һɲǳɱ䣬Ҫɲһǰ㡣
ڣЩ㹻ˣ
̣
ַĲʱʮʱߵʱȻһȫˡ
ʵҲðա
ʱһӡԳš
ַʱ˽⣬ЩȻǿǿԽַɱһ飬κβʱ
ȻʱײȻЩʱߵȫһӡ̽ˡڡҷںš
ʱϢҲڼɱš
⡭ʲô
ãԷսʱƺɱ䣡
ɱ䣡
ʮ֣ȻΪ֮£
ʮλʱߣֱըѣǷŭԸӵĵز׼ôʱ䣬ϧķһʱ֮ģĿľΪܹնɱַ֮壬õսʱ
أ
ǾȻӵĴٽʱɱ䣬̣
ʮλʱ߷ǳŭǽĿ⼯ַϣȻƲʱǾͽʱַնɱ
ಣ
ַȻ֪ЩʱߵĴ㣬ˣһʱѾʱ
ʱֵʮλʱߵĹ
ڲϺܲ㣬ҼֻܷҲΨһİ취
ؼĲǻʮλʱߣ෴ǵĴڣڰʱɱ䡣
ؼģҪʱɱ䣡
ַʱ֮ڣʱʱڷţʱ֮ڷţʲô
ʱչ
ַ岻ָ̫оʱɱ䣬ǧѷĻᣬۼ֤ʱڼ֤ʱɱ䣬ԶԶҪֱ۵Ķࡣ
һҲַʱ֮о޴İ


1968 ɱ䣡
ʱڣַ峹׾
˿̵ʱƺһֹķʽݱ䡱š
ַĿʱڵʱ֮Ѿıʱչ򣬲Դ֮ڵѹƵʱչ򣬶Щ֮磬ȫֹʱչ
еʱգȫֹһ̡
ַԺУԭδ֮δƬΡ
ڣЩδƬͳͳʧˣͺӲжһƺûСδ˵СδҲֻʱ֮ڡ
䣡
һ̣ʱͳɱˡ
ûʲôϵ
ַӦĺϵûУʱڵʱ֮ѾȫʧӰ
ʱױһӡ
ʱַȫַ塣ˣʱɱ䡱һַ̣ѾʱȻˡ
ʱսʱԭ
ַˣһ̣֪ΪĻ֮ҪƺΪսʱˡ
ַãʱֲŸС
ԭҲܼ򵥣ԭѺһѺʱߡ
ʱûδʱգֻйȥڡ
ȫͣһ̣ҲʱֻأȥʱչʱûκӰ졣ȴûδҲ˵һʱǾǱȫѹ
ʱûδʱߣͳͳеδͳͳֻڹȥ
ȥֻһʱߡ˭ܹɱȥôϾͳˣʧʱյĳӵУ
ȻնδʱУʵҲ൱ˡ
Ͼûгֹ˭ڣδûˣڹȥܹʱյģͲܡ
δ֮ԭˡ
ַš
ôʱʱ֮˶ʮʱߣȴδ֮һûж
ڣַۿʱɱ䣬Ҳ֪ʱıʣʵնδ֮ʱߵġ
һѺʱУֻҪûгնδô޷ѣġ
䣡
ʱھҵĻζ
ȻʱѾɱ䣬ֻǱϵɱ䣬ϵɱ䡣ˣʱɻܵӰ졣
οڻʮλʱߵĹ
ǿһ̶ȣܻٵʱġ
ַδ֮ѾһʶѾˣǡס
նʱ߾һܹЩˣֻһʱߣЩ˼ʱҲһ
ؼһ֣ûôһжǿ̸
ַھЩˡ
ʮλʱߣϵĹʱַҲĻҲ޷
Ƚǰɡ
һַ̣ʹʱз˳
ţڿϳˣ
Ļ֮Цһ
ʵҲˣʱܲסǲϵĹҲһޣһϵĹʱҲп顣
ַ嵭ĿһĻ֮ˡʵʱѾɱ䣬Ϣȴûκα仯ֻʱıʱ˰ˡ
ʱʱ֮״̬
ַҡҡͷҪǵĩյˣʱߣǵΪɱǣ
ɱǣʮʱߣôɱսʱɡ
Ļ֮Ц
Ȼ֪ʱսô֪Ϊս᣿
ַĻ΢΢һ㶡
ַҲûи˼Ļˡ
ˣ
һ̣ʱͣʱ֮ٶȳ֡
ڵʱ֮Ѿˣǵʱ֮ʱչ
ʮλʱߣ˲ͱˡ
ƺû˿Ļ֮ңַһ֣ʮʱ߶ѹʱ֮Щʱڸе˿־塣
ʲô
ҸӦʱˣⲻܡ
ôӦ⾿ʲô
Ļ֮ڣЩʱڿʼˡ
ʵʱ߶ţԷǿҲܷʱߣ޷ɱ
ȻǰܹӦʱߡ
ڣʱѹʱ߶޷ٸӦˣζʲôǺ
սʱգʵսδ
ַҡҡͷ漴һ
أ
һʮʱߵʱߣ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ͬʱַĸоʱߵдںۼʧˡͲٷЩʱߡ
Ҳ˵ʱڣûδһˣǾˣǾıսᡱˡ


1969 ʮʱ߸
ˣ
Ļ֮һĻ˵
Щʱ˵ƺңԶһңɼ¡Ǵδô׾
ҲǱܣʱдһκܳʱ䣬ȴʱ֮ģȻֿԽʱˡ
ڣȴˣһʮʱߵʱ
˭ܹɱʱߵʱߣ
ַҡҡͷ̫ˣΪʱߣ޼ɵݺ޵УûܹɱǡڣǶôĴ
ַһӣǼʱ߷׷׻Ϊҽʱѹסû˿ķ֮
ǻҪӦʱߣȻصԼʱУҲͲܡǸ޷Ӧʱߡ
˻λصʱߣ
ǻδ˵Ľӽ
ôܣѵսʱ
Ļ֮š
ֻǲ²⣬ַʱսʱսʱʲôӣӵЩãȴһ֪
ڣ֪ˡ
սʱܹնɱЩʱߵĿֲȫɱٶʱߣѹʱУҲûκεá
֮Ƿ̤һ
ȻĻ֮ƺ뵽ʲô
ַĿһĻ֮ôʱߣܹ̤һ˿ɲֻ࣬Ļ֮
սʱδ֮ǣҴžնδˣ
ַҲûֶƽ˵
նδ
Ļ֮Ĭˣ¶һ˿ĽԼһ˿˿į
֪ˣҰܵĺܳס
ʮλʱߵġʱɱ䣬Ӷַ̤ǹؼһ
ܣַ岻Ĵǿ
Ҳֵˣ׷Ѱôʱ䣬ȴṳ̂ǹؼһҼһλܹ̤һǿߣ֮ң
Ļ֮Ц
ûкڣһΣҲô
ֻϧǳɾַ壬ַɾǡ
أ
գĻ֮ҲΪ촷ۣʮλʱߣÿһλʮʱϣȴȫû
ৣ
ַһɳʱ
˿ܣټ̽磬ƺָֻƽ
ˡ
ַѾʮλʱߣȫɱǳδκʱյУǵӰ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ûȥ֮֮һȥڡδǵӰ
˵Ĵ
ַ忴Ĵ
ʵʮλʱ߼ַ֪ǿ˶ٱϾǿʱߵǺεȵĿֲ
ϣַԶԶЩʱߡ
ЩԶǿַʱߣȴַǰûһ㷴֮
ˣҲһС
˵ǿʱǰҲһ
ӵôǿʱǰʮֵĴͨûκַɱǣʵ̫ˡ
ʱ֮
ַ岻ôʱվַԼҲ߱ʱƵôֻһ취
Ǿնδ
ַҪߵ·
ַѾôҪģնδ
ֻնδַ峬ʱ֮·֮һؼ֮һַһָо
һնδôȥڣƺ޷ˡ
նδ
ַ۾ԺгĻ棬Щ棬ͳͳδ
ǰַ廹մմϲôδ棬˵ܸӦôδδǺεȵķḻʣ
ôڣַ壬ôδ׸
Ҫģͳͳնϣ
Դַ֮岻δ֣֣ҲֻһԹߵݣһֳȻݳ֡
δĺۼ
δ֮Уַ޵еĴڣ˭Ҳ޷ɱԶԶƿǧʱ߻ҪֲĶࡣ
κˣֻҪԷûնδôַ˲䴩󵽶ԷδʱգնɱԷδôԷҲˡ
ⲻκġ
ʱߵĿ֮
ַնδжôǿҲնδжôѡѾ˵նδֻˮɵ¡
һûеκʱ֮ʶ·һӾ뵽δ浱С
Щδ棬иָĿܣڸָĳ֮Уƺַ廹޵δ
һĻ棬˸ַԺ֮Уʶ·δƬεС
ַǼ仹һ˿΢Ц
֪ЩδƬΣǾˮ£ʱնߵ
ôڣʱˣ
ն
ַ͵۾һͺ


1970 նδ
ַһն¡
ھ統УַʶУ·磬·δС
һ̣δͺȻˡ
䣡
ȫͷ·ڶ̮һ㣬תۼ䣬δһһʧͺûгֹƵġ
ַԺеδƬΣһĻ棬ԼٶȣѸٵʧֻƬʱδƬξȫʧˡ
ַӦδնδ
ӴˣδʱյУûַӰ˭Ҳ޷δַնɱӶӰ쵽Ĺȥڡ
ңնδַоʱֱ֮浽̽磬޴Ŵʱֶַ֮Ե
ʱַ֮˵Ҳһ
Щַǰһֱ޷
ڣЩַУֱ©ٳޱȡֻҪһͷܴδʱգһľ磬
㣡
ַ֮ڣеʱչ񶼷ǳвΣΪȥʱչʱչԼδʱչ
ַѾնδʵǳδʱչ
ֻҪԸ⣬⴩κδʱϣնɱЩʱߡ
ֻǣַ˵ȴûκ塣
Ŀģʼնǳѡ

ڵַ˵ʲô壿
һͷԴκδʱգӵųȻĵλ˭ɱЩͬնδߣҲκβַ塣
ǣЩն˹ȥնڵǿߣܹصȥֱȥʱանɱַ塣
ֻǣַȴһָо
ܹ¶ûиӦκͬնδʱߵϢ
ѵûնδ
ַɻ
漴ҡҡͷˡ
֮磬Ϻ͵伮ԣʱ䵱УնϹδԲ١
ַȴӦκһ˵ϢЩˡ
Уһʲôܡ
Ҳ֮統еĽߣ֪ԭ򡣡
ַ뵽֮׷߽ߡԷǳʱյĳˣƿ֮磬һ֪ԭ
ڻص֮֮ǰַ廹ȥһ¡
˵ַڤڤָоһ֮磬ҪնڡնϹȥǾȥ޻ء
ڴ֮ǰַ廹Ӧһ˿ϢϢصӡǡ
ַѾ㵽ˣī֮ʱսйء
ַī֮ʱսһԴ֮ŵ֮磬˶ʹʱ֮ģδʱա
Ҫõڶʱ֮ģһʱߣεѣ
ַһǣҡ
ַĸӦУЩв˶ΣգȻַѾնδҲٰһѣַԣǾ֮Ͱˡ
ಣ
ַӰ˲ʧӰ

ʱսɣһʱ߶ûգôܵеù
һͨ統УʱսɫһĮ
ֻǣʱսѣĶ棬һʱߵʱߣʱߵݺݵѹʱս
ʱսʱսܲʱѹƣûп
һ̣ͻᱻ顣
ˣʱսƺҲûз˼
ûӡ֮硣
ǽޣһ޽Լһ飬λ˾ǽˡ
ʱսô⣬ֻҪӡܻȥҲӡζͬһ㣬ᱻԶѺ֮統С
ǲʱսҪģ
ˣϽ
꣡
ʱսıһ˿ƣͬ֩ƵģѸٵţһ̾ͻ᳹ױ顣
Ȼͳȫ㣡
ʱս˿ûмӡļ󣬶ʱЦһҲٿʱߵȻ
䣡
ƺƵѹ
ʱս޿ɵֵ۾
ˣ
ȻףʱղûС
ʱս࣬һİˡ
İˣֻһ֣ʱߵʱߣͷ·𿴵ʲôֲĶһһػ

΢һʱߵѾΪ촷ۣʧӰ١
ף㡭
ʱս۾һ۾Ϳַ塣
ңԷʱսһֹķʽʧҲʱսĺ𺳡
ַ֪γͻȻͳˣƺЩ̫ܡ
ʱսþòһμ棬Ҳһˣʱ֮ģɣʱ֮ģһʱߣû˺֮ǡţһ죬̤һ
˵ַ꣬һץץʱߵʱ֮ģʱսޱȵ𺳡
ʱ֮ġ
ʱս𺳵Ŀַ塣
ʱսϣгһգټ桭
˵ַ꣬ӰһʧӰ
һĻʱսﻹ뵽ַһǿһ
նδ
ʱս̾һһֻһˣǾǻַ塣
ڿȻˡ
ַ壬ȻѾ˹ؼһնδ
ʱ֮ģݴʱսˣţгһգҲܿһ


1971 ܶʼĳ
ʱս͸ʱսһݴַƮȻȥ
½ּī֮֮Ѫ֮ȵȣǵַһԴ֮Ž뵽֮ףַ嶼ȥһ档
Щ˵УȽϺãûȲѷ֮磬Ѿʱ֮ģһʱߵҲкüλ
ˣȻûûܻʱ֮ģʱߣַȴ͸һʱ֮Ϊ
ʱ֮ģǻ϶ܹһʱߣӶȨԼС˴УҲǷʱߣȺʱˣᱣϣҲ
һУַûǣҺźǣӡص֮硣
һ֮磬ַ͸оһˡ
ĸоǰ֮磬ʱչ򣬽֮綼εġС
ˣʱҲͱ׶ˡڡһ̡
ַѾնδҪնϵľں͹ȥֻܹʱա
ַʣҽѯ
ǣֱַҵ˰׷ߣ֮Ľߣʱյĳˡ
ţ
׷߿ǰַ壬ƺԵúܾȡ
ȻѾնδô꣬ҽʱߣٶôնδ㻹ǵһ
׷Եúܾ졣
ַĳɾͣ˭Ҳ޷ӡ
ַ忴Ű׷ߣأʵѾնδնں͹ȥôֻ꣬һնδɣЩնδʱôһӦûУ
ַʡ
ľ磬ʵѾûʲôܹˣֻҪնδʱߣַ廹ϡоġ
ڣַȴһʵͺ˵ˡ
׷Ŀһַ壬漴ĵĳ̾һȻնδʱȻ٣СֻǣʱģֻһˡߣӦö뵽˹ȥʱյУԶ١
˹ȥʱգ
ַһ·뵽ʲô
˹ȥʱաǻ϶ߵһնϹȥܳ׳ʱաֻϧһҲѵһصȥƼ򵥣ʵϣвͻᱻͬӶʧڹȥʱ֮УԶ޷׳١
ַ廹Щװ׷ߵĻ
ʧڹȥʱգԶ٣޷ôһ£
Ҳ޷ô꣬Ѿ̫ྪž޵ʱߣնδնڣͳͳ˹ȥʱաֻϧȥڡδͬδ䣬ܣھһ̣ʵ϶Ƚնϡȥȴ㲻䣬ǿĹԡʱչǿҲǹȥʱա
гһգʱ߻صȥ˹ȥԼһʧڹȥʱ֮£һʧʱ䶼𽥵ţȥ㲻䣬ȥԶҲ޷ı䣬˳ʱߣ˭޷ıʱա
ôЩʱߣص˹ȥվֻɹȥԼȻռ·ߣһĳɳֵ֮磬նδնڣֻصȥ׳١
ܶʼһֱѭҲһֱûоͷ
ַһ캧ˡ
˼飬ǲ˼顣
ַһֱܶʼһֱظԼ飬ǶôĿ£
ңԼȴƫƫ֪
˭Ҳ޷ѡԼ
һĻ
ַСʵ
ܶ࡭
׷߳̾һ
Ҳ߸ַ壬ʵϣ֮磬ֻҪҪ߸κʱߡֻϧѯȴ١
ң֪Σ
һصȥʱգԹȥʱǿĹԣóٻǵó٣Ͳκα仯
׷߼ȥʱյʱߣѾ֪жˡ
ÿһΣЩʱ߾ͷ·ǡֻءһһһΣظ飬һһܶʼԼȴʼղ֪
°׷ѣҲûκô
ֱȡֻءҪ¡
ʱյ
ǷҲЩеһԱ
ַ˳˼ʵ
ʱǣ֮磬ֻһΡˣ㻹лġ
׷Ц˵
ַ廹лᣬʵϣ׷ᱨϣ
֪ˡʵϣеڶλʱյĴڣϾʱյУֻһʵ̫¶̫ˡ
ô꣬ôྪž޵ߣһѵĶûС
ǰַ壬ֻնδܳɹ
ַԼû̫ġ


1972 նڣ
ַΪնδôնڣնϹȥʱն˳£̫ѡ
֪նδĽֻǿʼ
ʵϣҪ볬ʱգͷҪҲҪǹȥʱգӵǿʱչԣ֮ǰ˶ı仯һ˹ȥʱգôһоͶ»صԭ㡣
ȥֻһȥ㲻䣬ʱյıʣ
ôնδնڵʱߣһĽ뵽ȥʱնʧܸա
ַûôţԼʲôرġ
ãַ̧ͷ˵նϹȥжôѣܹնδѾһͷ룬û˻ܾѵĻᣬ½ֻʣϵĻᡣңնڣ
ַ˸żᶨ֮ɫ
۹ȥʱжôǿַ嶼οڵѾǣˣΨһĿ꣬Ǿǳѣ
Ĵңڡ
еУ
׷Ǽ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ͷߣնʵܼ򵥣Ѿնδʱʱ̶̿ʱյУ磬ڵʵʹʱյУѵ㻹֪ն𣿡
׷ߵĻ糿ĺһַȻѡ
ǰδ׽ȥ㲻䣬ЩҪԼȥ̽Ҫδ߹ȥأˣҪնδ߹ȥȽѡ
ڲһ
ʱռΨһܹüŵģÿһλߣֻҪڹȥδʱգʱʱ̶̿ʱա
Ȼնδʱգôնʱգ
ˣлл
ַ׷ߵͷʾлܾûа׷ߣַҲܲչ鲻ô졣
նϹȥ
׷ûı㣬ȥʱգʵϣڵַ嶼
ֻǣַȵնʱգȫ׼
ַ׷߸ǣ뿪
ĵ״̬˵ʱ̸Ӧÿʱÿ̶ŵʱա
ʱգҲʱ
Ҳ˵ַֻҪӦʱչǾʹʱˡ
ҪնʱգʵնϡԼʱ֮ϵַնδʱգҲһĵֻҪնδʱյϵˡ
ַȻѾܹӦʱչ򣬷ǳôնʱգ
𰸵ȻûУ
ն
ַѾ׼Ĳˣͺһʱȫʱ֮ʱչһ
ʱ޿ַ̲ĺۼ
ַڵΨһַ֤ܹ֤Ĵڣ
ÿһλ飬ڣֻڣܹ֡
ƺǴڵ֤
ڣַȫһնڤڤ֮УַϵϢȫʧˣʱ֮ʧˡ
ʱ֮Ҳַǧڵʱ֮ʱչûκεϵ
ʱգҲ޷ӦַĴڡ
˵ַѾƬʱգʱߣڡ
նڣĸо
ַڵĸоȷ
Уʱյʱչ򣬾ͬ˿һγһž޴ûնڵ߻ȫŴεס
ңЩÿһ仯δʱյı仯
նδնڣַ峬ʱյߣֻʣһ
նδڣַƺδ֮ϵıʶ쾡µչַǰ
δϢϢأϵС
ʱյĴҲģδֿܣԭʵΪڵÿһٶÿһ仯ͻᵼδı仯
෴ڵˣδ˿ӣӹȥʱյȴֻһ˿ߡʲôˣֻһ˿ӡ
ַ˰׷ߣҲһ˿ӡ
ǰַ岻֪׷ߵľ磬ַնδҲ֪׷ߵľ硣
ڣַЩˡ
׷ʵѾնδڣֻǣṳ̂뵽ȥʱգߣѾ̤ˣҲˣȴ˳
Ψһܹȳڹȥʱյˣֻгˣ
Ѿ˹ȥڡδҲ˵Ѿѣ˴ңڡȥʱҲãδʹҲգԳ˵ûκ
ˣܹ̳׷ߣʹ䲻ٹȥʱյгȥҲΪʲô׷߶ڹȥʱյĸдôԭ
Ϊ׷߾ڹȥʱհ
ֻǣ׷ߺˣг֣ѹʱ߿ɾûôˣһڹȥʱյУǾԶĳ٣Ҳ޷ѡ


1973 صȥ
١
ַš
ԥѾնδնڣȥʱգʵҲԻĺڡ
ɵĽδÿһʱߣͲҾ԰ȫĳϣڵַ壬Ҳ޵У
ֻǣʱյѾһûгԹôַ
ַ֪лΣգθģ
Ѿߵһȥȥʱգθģ
ֻǣȥʱгٵΣգַ嶼ûоԵİգһɵİնûУ˭аһܹնϹȥ
ַûżҪһЩ׼٣˽һȥʱա
ǣַٴȥ׷̡
ַѾնڣҾǰȥʱգ׷ߺοǵնδնڣҲȥȥʱա
ֻ׷ʧܰˡ
Ȼʧܣַ˵׷ߵľȴ󡣱Ͼȥʱգѣܹ֪ȥʱֵˣ˳ֻа׷ˡ
еһЩ飬ַһõš
ǰָ̣
ַ幧׷
׷߳̾һ˵ͷȻѾˣϷҲûʲôġڹȥʱյ֣Ϸһһ߸㡣
׷ߵȷûľϸһ顣
˹ַȴüͷ
̫ӣ̫ˡ׷ߵľûκγĵطֻǻص˹ȥȻϡͿôͬˣ˹ȥȶ·
ǳȥʱգԶˡ
ֻǣЩַ˵û̫áַʱʱ̿ԼڹȥʱգһжãΣ
ᱻͬĳڹȥʱա
еһЩϸڵַ⣬磬һصȥʱաԹȥʱյǿѹгȥԼͳͳᱻѹơ
Ҳ˵˼䣬һص˹ȥʱգûκǿ
൱ֻص˹ȥġԼͱ
صȥʱգȴô򵥣Ϊκ£ȥʱնὫЩӰ콵͵СֽĻصԭеĹ
ȥ޷
ֻгʱգȥҲǱ˵Ĺȥ
ңʱƣʱᱻͬΪһξһеһжֻξ
Ȼͳ׳ˣһһظ߹·ⱻ׷߳Ϊʱֻء
µĵط
ַûдӰ׷ϵõϢʵϣ׷Ѿ˵ĺˡȥʱǿľͬϢͬ
һ㣬֪Ҳ޿κΡ
ҪѣǾڱ֮ͬǰ򣬴󳹴򣬴ӶնϹȥʱաĻ;ҪѹͲܡ
ַ˺ܳʱ䡣
գַ廹Ǿȥһԡ
ЩնδնڵʱһʱյѾֻʣһܿɹϣ
ôˣ˭ģ
ַ岻ģˣҲô
ַǰֳһ˿ߡ
ԭδڣһ˿ߡֻǣѾͳͳնˣںǣľֻôһ˿ߣŹȥ
Ҫնȥ˿ߣַĿǰ첻
ҪصȥҲܼ򵥡
ֻҪ˿ߣȻܷصȥʱա
ֻǣһȥַҲ֪ǳɹǳ٣Ѿûκǣҡ
ڣ׷Ѱųѡ
ৣ
һַ̣Ѿȥ˿ߴ˹ȥʱգӰ˲ʧ

кѧͼݣɫЩ԰׵ַһŴѧ鼮ϸжţһͼѰܹԼѡħİ취
ֻϧͼݺܳʱ䣬ûҵʲô취
еİ취ָһǾǴƻû顣ֻǣҪƻַ壬ûпܡ
ַ뷭һ鼮ʱȻоԺһƬհס
ֻһɲǣַãƺһ͸¶һ˿ԼͲġɣ
ҡһˣ
ַͷԼ˫֣ܵһС
ЩİֺϤ
кѧͼݣ
ַԶǣı˵ĵطôǣ
ҲȷЩİˣѾ̫̫ʱˣַѾֻ֪ضٴˣ˭뵽δΪֻһܳѵʱߣ
ǵģ˿̵ַѾǹȥַ塣
Щӣ˿̵ַ壬ѾǴ֮磬󵽹ȥʱյʱߣ
ַ壬Ѿص˹ȥ
ңϤĵطǸı˵ĵطкѧͼݣ


1974 ܶʼ
վǻˡ
ַ峤̾һ
ͼ߶ţĿЩпЩӡ
ʵϣַҲڸԼڵ״̬
ǵģ
Ǵ֮С͵õһֲֹʱ޶ࡣ
ֱַӴ󵽹ȥʱյеǧ磬Ƕʱյĸֻʱȵ
һжʧˣ׵׵ʧˣһ˿ۼûС
ַ嶼ɣǲһΣ
Щʵ̫ˣַ岻ǣһʱߣѾնδն˹ȥ
ҪѣֻնϹȥ
һ㣬һҪμǣ
ַĬĬš
ݰ׷ߵ˵һص˹ȥʱգͻܵȥʱյѹơȫʧͬһ
ֻǣҲȫġΪԻַ彥ֱͬ׳١
ոջصȥַ壬ûиܵͬȻҲ١
ˣ
ַһǰǵú׸ı˵ǸںϣļȫĻһлں
ַ˿óϵ鼮
Ž򣡡
ַ忴һŽ򣬾ϡַ塰䡱еĻںûκҲ˵ȷһλʱߣص˹ȥʱա
ַõŽȻ˻ںӶһɳ죬˲ħҳɹ˻֮·
ֻǣʱַ壬Ϊںǿܸ߼
ַδʱеʱߣļķţں֪ǿ˶ٱ
ַȻҪںˡ
ղŵַ壬ֻ֤һ°ˡ
֤ˣַȷδʱߡڻںַûã齫鼮·Żصϣڵס˽
˭ԵǾ˭õɣַͲҪ
ǣַ巵˼ҡ
ּңСáĸȵȣһжôϤһжôãַûʲô
ַǡߡˣ֪ȥʱյһЩµ򣬸֪ĸǶΣա
ˣַδ䵱УѡһЩзš
̶̼죬Ѿ˻һ·ͻơ
СûᱻƽץЩ£ַȻǡߡСܿࣿˣֱַƽһ١
չֳǿʵԼұ˻ߣҲ޿κΡ
һУƺıˡ
ַгޱȣ˭˵ȥ޷ı䣿Ϊߣصȥһ̣ʵѾڸıδˡ
ַǿʥ߻ǿĸǵΣַ׾ٵĻ⡣
ˣַ嶼иַʽֲĹַҲЩĸϵһУƺѾַıˣַ塰䡱еĹȥȫһˡ
ַɳ˶ĸǰȫ氲ȫ氲ȫҲȫ簲ȫҲСǧ簲ȫ
ַʧȥˡδʵôͱһһ½Щʵһһ۷塣
ƺһж
ͥĸҲ߳棬ַٶȱ𡰼СٶҪ˲֪ٱһƺıˡ
ֻǣڤڤ֮УַƺҲԼ׵ʱա
ŬУŬżˣҪʵ۷塣
һеһУƺı䣬ƺûиı䣡
ַ壬ǱҲһһ߳ĸǣ߳棬߳磬һֱΪʱߡ
󡱵ַأ
Ҳ߳ĸǣ߳棬߳磬ֻʱһ㣬ȴһһ۷ʵǣ
ַ壬к
ַԼȴ֪һһӡδһЩ䣬·ޱȵ˳˺̵ܶʱڣ֮硣
ַһμ˰׷ߡ
׷߿ַһۣĿʧź֮ɫ
գֻһ̾
㡭ֻˡ
ţ㡭
ַػ
ǰֻˡ
֮磬ֻˡ
ǻص˹ȥôֻˣ
ǣַǵһУûг٣ʧ
ǰҡʧˣ
ַţ·𲻸š
Ѿص֮磬βʧܣ٣Ҫʲôǵã㵱صȥĿʲôҪʱհڣŬôʱ䣬ȴһȦһ»ص֮磬ȻصȥһһΣܶʼⲻʧܣʲôʧܣ
׷ҡҡͷ
һĻöˡ
ַǿ֮ģôһ˿ϣܹѡ
ֻǣڿǸ߿ַ塣
ַ壬Ҳʧˣ
صȥܶʼǳ٣


1975 ʱգ֣
١
ַ󣬳һôµʡ
֮ǰδ١
ʵҲӡ
ӵĸٵڵʱߣַ御ĥѣʵÿһζ׻Ĵۣľַδ
ֱһ̣׷߽ѣѾˣַŻȻѡ
Σ
ֻ֪Լ١ѵĻ²֪ж˳ʱաΪֹҲֻгһ˳ʱա
ˣ˲ͬʽĳٵС
ַʵҲ뵽˳٣ңް취ǵģûκΰ취벻ƽİ취
㻹Ƿصȥ
׷ʵ
Ҳ֪
ַҡҡͷ
׷߸ǣ漴һ˾֮оš
֮磬ûʱţԶ̶һ̡ʵϣַȴ˺ܳʱ䡣
֪Լڵˡ
޷ѣôһֱк壿
عȥʲôܶʼȻˣ
˭Ҳ޷ѹȥĹԣԶҲ޷ѡ
Ҳ֪˶ãַ۾
ҲܱһֱǿЩնδնڵʱߣһ޷𣿻ǣԸ٣
ַ˺ܶࡣ
٣¡Լڵ壬µġ
ַѾ˾ټ֮磬Ҫٴλصȥ뵽˳ٵУܶʼҲܱȿǿ
ǣַٶҵ˹ȥʱߣӰ˲ʧӰ

кѧͼݣַһ鼮
Ȼ֮䣬ַеãƺһʧˣȡ֮޾䣬·˲ɣ
ֻˡ
ַš
ִص˹ȥصϤкͼݡ
һΣûȥǿŽûûںַֻȥһ۸ĸˣ˼
ַĸĸܽ
ǴַУȻʲô

СʱַΪֲ׷ַϣЩһֱŬ
ֻǣַ岻ϴѧˣֻڼۿԽԽַ常ĸȴް취ôѯʣַ嶼Բ
ʵϣַҲû
ԺĶзţԺܿκڵĹֲΣ
һδá֪Ⱦһ·̤۷壿
»ص֮磬Ȼٶȴܶʼ
ַһܶ࣬ϣָǳ٣ʵҲˡ
ҾƾֲĥֻΣ
ַ⼸죬־ˣֲҲѸٵĶ񻯡
ܻһʱ䣬ڿ¼¶޷֧ˡ
ǽһ񻯣Ҳ죬Ҳһ죬Ҳ˯һַͻ᳹׳߲ѡ
ַֿܶܣûɹֲȥ

ȥΨһȥ㲻䡣˵ÿһ¶䣬һΣַáƣʵѾı˺ܶܶࡣ
Σ
ӲȥʱյĹԣûġ
Ҳ޷ı䡣
ַ彫ĸǳ׻ʵҲûκιϵ
ȥַֻĹȥ
޹ء
ַˣȥΨһڵַ壬ɲ񻯣¾ˣʱߣʲôһ
ַһָоȷһ
ˣַʱߣҲͳױˡ
ˣȥʱٴĹҲûáֻǣʱѾˡ
ַЦ
γѡ
һˣôȥʱһַĹȥʱߣһ˲
ֻǣкã
ַĹȥʱձϾѾˣ޷ѡ
ַû̫࣬Ǻܰ
ʱһš
һ¡¡¡
ڣŸºַѾ׿ʧ̫࣬Ȼࡣ
ڲǰ˸ĸ˸磬Сãˡ
Щˣַ˵̫Ϥˡ
Ǻģַȴһ㶼ûоģܰ
û˵ʲôǾĵȴš
ָоķǳ
ģַ۾ˣʶ뵽˺ڰСϡԵĿ޺
ڰ޾ĺڰ١
ַһֻ̣ǣȴûκ漣
ԭҲûκ֮
ַǼ¶һ˿ԳƵЦݡ
һ̣Ѿ뵽޾ڰУǿʱߣһصȥʱգڹȥʱǾ
һַ̣Ժг໭档
һһ¼ͬõƬһԺһš
ҾκĥѣȴΨûоԭ
ַһ̣ĸоڵʱߣȻˡ
䣡
ΧһУƺˡ
һĻ棬ȫ
ΧˣҲˡ
һеһУȫںڰһеһУȫʧ
ַʶҲ˺ڰС
һ𣬹ȥڡδַκʱߣһ̶ȫˡ
һһʱ߱ǹȥڣֻδǰױ
һȥʱߣַ֮ҲȻѡ

кѧͼݡ
ৣ
ַ·Ȼѡ
̧ͷΧһУֿ˿Լ˫֡
ֻصкѧˣ
ַ𾪣Ժлм䣬Ѿˡ
ڹȥʱǾ
ţǡԼ
ַ̧ͷԱߡ
һӣ鼮
ⲻַ壿
ҡ
ַ۾һ̣ûκ磬ʱǰȴûκܡ
ȥʱߣȻѾˣ
ѡǳѣ
ַš
ˣһжˡ
صȥʱգַ󣬷ǳˡһУȴΨûо
ַ֮·ÿһ˶ͬҪܹѹȥʱգ߿ɲһ
ǻһʱߣˡ
ַ֮ضͲľˣһɲǣȥʱ߶ѣʵϣַǸʱˣĽֻǹȥַ塣
ʱַ壬ˣʱ֮⣡
ַ忴ԱߵġԼĽӽһܣ֪Ͼлں⽫ı䡰Լһ
ֻǣͺһģһ
ַ塱Ѿڵַûκιϵ
ַһӣϵĻںʧӰȡ֮һɢŽɫâ鼮
ַ塱ǰ̾ͷⱾ鼮
鼮
ʱϳһд֡
ʱ֮飡
ַкܾȣʼĵһҳ
ʱߡ
ȫ꣩
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