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1 Ҷǳ
ս½ǽսΪǿսһȭܺһţֲսԷݵأ޵еսԻһǧꡭһսΪ磬һԳΪսΪҫĴ½


ǣָԺ
ҹˮǹ財
һªһڼªľ崲ϣϰ˰ɫıһشǰİĻĿг˾Ͳ˼顣
ҾȻˣһһ磬ǲ˼飬ѵ𣿡
ǳ
ӦýҶǳ
Ҷǳԭǵϵһ¶Ϊ׵˰ֻ֢ʮꡣû뵽ǣȻתս½һռһǳ塣
ǳּҼְƺһŮ˽ӣϲ̨棬ûʲôݺ͵λ
ǳСʱְԭӢ¶ĸףϼۻţҲˡ
ˣǳҲù
ֱǳ̤֮·Լӵһսǣչ¶ǿ츳󣬲Žܵӡ
˽֪ϳսôӵܵУͻһЩŴս޵츳ӶսǣսѪּҵϱ㵮ս
սǣսѪǵж̺λսġս񷨡ʣӵսǵˣ֮ͬеţлս֮λ
սǵİ£ǳʮ꣬һս
ս½µķչѾһȼϵɵ͵ߣֱǣսʿսսսʡսսÿֱΪǡ
ǳܹʮʱﵽһս磬Ǽֱ漣ûš
ӢĶ콾ųΪּܳţҲڶʮʱŴﵽһս硣
ֻǳӵսǵܣվӢˣһǳɳԾͳϼչأְʱ˽ǳ°ӲƿĶӣսǣת޵콾ڣ콾̳޵е츳
ǳսǣһΪΪˮ
Ʋأû죬ˡ
ʱҶǳ꣬ռ塣
û뵽䣬Ȼ˶֮ˡҶǳ䣬Ӣ˷ŭ
ְ죬飬䣬ֱԡ
Եʳӣְûǳӣˣһۡ
ǳȻѾˣҶǳȴܹܵ嵱Яǹ޾Թŭ
ȻͬգȴͬҲԵ֡񣬼Ȼҽӹ壬ôĳҲҵĳһ۸ˣһһ۵ġ
ãҶǳг˼ᶨ
˵仰оԼڽʣһųжʧˣ·ǸѾȥǳҶǳĻ
үҰһҩϽȺȵɣܺõÿ졣ԱһŴֲµŮһҩ
СңǳĸŮΨһǳõˡ
ҶǳСң˵Сң˵һ㵱˵ļ壬бҪȥ𣿡
үҪ뿪ּңаҪ뿪ּң˾Ҳûй˼ˣɱ㣬ʱϼҲסˡСԶʱ漴æȰ˵
ҶǳЩ⣬û뵽ǰŮ˴Ȼ˼Ҳѵá
Ѿˣּңǲټȥˡ
£ҶǳЦӢͻŹ𣿡
СҿŻ˵ҶǳĬصͷ֪Ҷǳ˵öԣּңӢҲŹģΪְںҶǳ
ųĬСңҶǳ˵Ըһ뿪ּ𣿡
үȥСҾȥСҶʱ̧ͷ˵Ŀޱȼᶨ
Ҷǳзǳж˵ͷ

һºҶǳˣְȥ
үΪʲôҪȥһ뿪ּأ·ϣСǵʵ
ģΪϼ֮鷳ֻҪԼԸ뿪ּңôϼͲˡ˵˶ôֹҡҶǳЦڵ۾¶ǵĹâ
ϼۣӻЩںģֻΪҪս磬Ծչء
ĻӢҲôſˡ
ڣۻ֪ǳӢƶǣսǡǵһأôסˣʱְҲѴ̡
ҶǳԼѡּңôۿǱ棬ˣȻӣҲͲְˡ
Ҷǳھһְ죬ΪҪְõһЩ
һ·ְӣһǰȥ
ڣְüͷڳ˼
ںܷ꣬Ϊǳ飬Ӣ̫ˣһ۳أҲѴ̡
ǳүڴʱһ߽˵
ְʱ̧ͷ¶һĨ֮ɫСʲô
Ȼ棬ְ컹ȥҶǳǽˡ
߽ҶǳСңְɫĮ˵㲻úôڼϢʲô
ְ쿴ǰҶǳ֪ӺųֻҪʱ򣬶ʼյͷҴ˵
ǽ죬ְܾ棬ΪҶǳûеͷ¶һ˫ᶨĿ⣬ֱ۾ȴ
˵ϼҪˣӦúͷۣ֪˼ҰɣҶǳְ죬˵
ţְüͷһ壬ǰҶǳʲô˼
һףһЩҰƽϼΣҶǳ˵Ȼһƽӡ
ְжʱ治ѣ⻹ǸųĶֱһˣеİ
ְȷΪͷۣҶǳнİ취Ҳֱܲ࣬ʵʲô취˵
ܺýֻҪԼԸּңôϼͲٹˡҶǳ˵·˵һƽ飬ְУȴ׺
˵ʲôְͫһŵصҶǳҪּң𣿡
ְкܸӣҶǳּңôͲͷ۸ôϼˡ
ǣҶǳѡе˼顣
ְоԼƺʶҶǳϸҶǳĬƬ̣˵Ҫʲô
Ѿ˾һͬһĶӣҪּҲҪ
ܹ鷳ôӦҶǳһЩҲǲԡ
Ǻǣ
ְĻҶǳ΢΢һЦ֪Լɹˣ˵
ְüͷһ壬ĿҶǳ˵
һСҵһ뿪Ҷǳһָ˵
ְ쿴ԱЩӵСһۣԥص˵ͷԡ
˵ʲôһŮѣ˵ҶǳҪһҪһٸ⡣
ڶҶǳڶְָ죬˵ھҪʼѧԺһƼš
ְüͷڵʼѧԺ¼ȡġ
ԲҪƼţôҲ֮һļӦܹʼѧԺһġҶǳ˵
ʼѧԺǱģΪʼѧԺߵȵѧֻҪҶǳӽʼѧԺôӢҲıˡ
෴ܽʼѧԺҶǳӵԶҲᱻӢ˸ɱġ
ãҴӦ㣡ְҶǳһվǵ˵ͷ˵ҲǶ鷳ķһЩϵˡ
һҶǳְӦ΢΢˿漴¶Цݣ˵Ҫĸ׵Ĺǻҡ
ãְʱ˵ͷҲ˿Ҷǳ˵ڶеС鷳֮⣬Ķֵһᡣ
ܿ죬ְ˰Ҷǳĸ׵ĹǻȡˣСҵͬʱҲдƼţҶǳ
ŽʼѧԺ޸ոԺ㰲źһеġְĮ˵
ҶǳƼţ˺СҵȻĸ׵ĹǻҺУСңͷҲص뿪ӡ
ӽ쿪ʼҲûǳˣֻҶǳ
ҶǳᶨĻ洫
ڵְɫһ֪ΪʲôֲõԤУƺҶǳ뿪ּҴ鷳
Ǻܿ죬ְҡҡͷмһ˶ѣܹ˻


2 ս
ָĴſڡ
ҶǳǣСҵ֣ת̧ͷָҶ¶ᶨĹâּңһ죬һģʱеһУҶҪһһ㡣
˵գҶǳǣСңʼѧԺķȥ
ߺ󲻾ãּҵĸӢյϢʱо¶ĹâСֻǵӲСȻּңΪӳҵ𣿺ߣ뿪ּãûƥ㣬ҿ˭ܹ㡣
ȥҰСָˣô꣬ڿɱߣӢ漴ȵ
һʹ˹˵ˣյϢСֲ֪ͼʲôףȻüһƼţƼʼѧԺСѾʼѧԺˣūû涯֡
ʲôӢɫһ䣬漴ŭСԭ⣬ֻҪʼѧԺҵȷκβɶ񣡡
˲СֶʼѧԺǵȷ޷ֻ֣ҪһҪæ˵
ӢߵҪСʼնʼѧԺأ
ˣѵˣʼѧԺѧԱֻҪʮʱûдﵽսʿľ磬ҪѧԺСֱսǣһΪΪˮһսʿľ綼ûУֻҪȵ׿˵ʱͻᱻ߳ѧԺˡڣ׿ֻʣ¾Ÿµʱ䣬ѵõھŸڴﵽսʿ𣿡ɭЦ
ӢҲЦˣŸ¾Ҫսʿ磬ǼֱΡ
Ҷǳûбս֮ǰҲǻʱ䣬ܹսʿ硣
ڣҶǳѾûսǣһôڶ̶̾Ÿڽսʿ磬ֻս·ܰˡ
Ӣ漴ߵˣҲҪСŸںùȥּ֪ͨҺżʼѧԺӵܣҽѵǸС֣۳ʲô飬ҶǵţҪǸСʼѧԺȥ
ǣˣ˵ͷ漴˳ӡ
ֻʣһɭЦӢ

ʼѧԺΪߵȵѧλĵķشѧӵʮѧ¥ǧס¥ѧѧϰ
Ƕ·ݣѾѧԺˣҶǳְƼţֱӼѧԺĸԺ޸ա
޸ղʼѧԺĸԺͬʱҲĻӵܣĵλܸߣļݲ
ְ֮Ҷǳ޸գΪ޸պ۵ͬͬѧһ𴳵µ۹˴ֵ֮ܡ
ʼѧԺĵλְ켴ּҵļҲ޷ֽȥֻͨ޸Ҷǳ
ʱ޸еƼţǰҶǳ¶һ˿ȵҶǳնˣҪּ𣿡
Ҷǳ˵
޸һҶǳɻ˵үүչ֮ǰ飬˵Ѿﵽһս磬ΪȴһսʿΪûУҲүүƭҡ
ӢϵҵΪҶǳ˵û˿ŭ·˵һǳƽ顣
޸ȴ𾪣ʲô飿
ûʲôģܽʼѧԺƾͻˡҶǳߵ
û뵽ְȢһô񶾵Ůˣϧүүչأܻ㣬޸һ̾漴Ҷǳ˵ģүүϣûƼţҲѧԺġֻΪʧֻܰ㰲ڳ࣬Ȼһ㰲ŵŰȥ
ʼѧԺΪ༶ֱǳࡢм͸߼ࡣ
ÿ༶оŸͨһŰࡣ
˼壬Űֻ࣬Ųܽȥĵط
˿޸ѾǳչҶǳˡ
ҶǳʱмлԺ
ȱ˵̫磡޸հ˰֣˵»֪ʼѧԺи涨ѧԱʮʱֻҪûдﵽսʿ磬ôͻᱻѧԺպѾʮˣڽ׵Ŀ֮Уûдﵽսʿ磬Ҳסˡ
ʲôҶǳɫһ䣬涨ȷ֪ϾǳǰּңҲͲ֪ʼѧԺһЩ涨
ΪʧҪڶ̶̾Ÿսʿ磬ֱ죬µʱ㻹Ҫ뿪ʼѧԺģʱүүûгأȥҵĸۡҵҪǸӢɱ㡣޸ߵ
ҶǳмлԺһҪһԣŸµʱ䣬δزսʿ硣
Ҫǿ츳ǿҲھŸ߸硣޸ҡҡͷ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵
ú޸˴ҶǳСȥˣͿȥŰ౨ˡ
޸ջҶǳһᣬպÿС˾סңǵʳ޷ѣԺݣЩǾ֮͵顣
صᣬСҾȥæŴɨӣҶǳ㿪ʼˡ
зǳֻǿˣ޾һУӢ
ңһĿ꣬ǾǴӢĶ콾Ӣ֪ӵսǣҲֻ°ܽ
ͬʱҶǳҲҪְڡ
ҪһУñǿС

ս½սΪս½˾֪Ĺ˭ڸտʼʱ򣬶ֻͨս
Ҷǳںǳļ䣬ȻҲ֪սĹھʱϥתʼ
ûãҶǳеΧϸСĹ㳯ӿγһůڵľ֮С
Ҷǳ֪սֻտʼս΢Ҫﵽһսʿ磬ҪһʱС
䣡
ȻڴʱҶǳͻȻΧͬ˵̵ĺˮϵسӿ
ô£Ҷǳʱˣ֪ʲô
ҶǳܿҳûɲӿǿԼڵս
ԭһ˿΢ս˿ԽԽ
ͬһСϪΪһСӣڵľ֮бӿš
䣡
֪˶ãҶǳֻоԺзһ֮һ̣оǰһؿԼڵ
һѪҺ͹ͷȫر
ӣ
ֻһսʿӣҾȻô̤һսʿ磿Ҷǳƺ뵽ʲôʱһ漴־ϲ
һޣϸ۲ڵ硣
ȻؿһͷɢŵɫĹâȻ΢ȴ޷ӣΪЩоųɾŶǳǸͷӵȥ
սǣ
Ҷǳǳļ䣬ʱϳˡ
һͷǱӢսǣֻ³˳
û뵽ҵսǾȻ³쿪۰սǣұѩޱָտɴˡҶǳȻоܲ˼飬漴оͳ˼˷ܡ
սǣ޵е츳ѩޣ漣
£ҶǳŹĺûᡣ
أЩˣӢڰսʱûаĸɸɾһ㡮ӡҶǳָһ㡮ӡҲѿˣʼָ
ղҶǳսʱʱѿġӡսٴθգӶ޸Լ
Ӣ϶û뵽ɡţһ죬һ콾ʧȥһСְ죬һۿҳɳΪּҲɺľǿߡҶǳмŭ
սǵĸգǿҵš


3 
䣡
յսǣ˲·һڶϵΧ޸һ˿ɫĹâĳ£ʼԽԽңԽԽҫ۶Ŀ
ҶǳûȡһǿԼս
أоԼսԽԽ񣬸ոͻƵһսʿ磬ȴڼţŶսʿ
һҶǳ˷һʱ䣬ȫţԼս
ϧûгãսǵ޸ȫΧҲɢȥֻʣһ˿˿΢ҶǳգҲû֮ǰôŨˡ
ҶǳûκεľɥΪսѾ޸ȫˡ
õսǣʱ̺һ˿УҶǳԺӿ
һ̣ҶǳУ㲻ظֳһĪĹھժ֡
ժ֣ս̫ˣҲҶǳʱ˷ܡ
ս½սȼһΪΣɸߵֱͣǣսʥս켶սؼսսƼս
ҶǳڵߵȼսҲǵؼսѣҶǳȴӵսеļ˷֪ܿ
ս֮ͬгۣԽܵ˶ǲܡ
Ͼսǿս½˽֪顣
ǰǸսЯŵĴУһʥսȭҸպñժơԣֻҪսôԺ콾ȫˡҶǳ˷ܵ뵽гֻ
ӢӢζ벻ҵսǾȻ³ңһõ˸ǿս콾õҵսǣԺҲҵĶ֡
Ǿ͵Űɣһ죬һǸ۵ġ

Ҷǳս˫ȭгš
˸յսǣı޾һС
ȻڵΪһսʿ磬Ǹ콾Ĳܴ󣬵ţսǣܿ׷콾ǳԽ콾
ϾսǻԼã콾ȻõսǣǱϾǱ˵սǣ϶콾岻ȫںϡ
콾ƾսǱúǿ󣬵һ죬϶ΪսǶԨ
Ҷǳ˸ųҵĹâһ첻̫ԶǸʱƾսǣվ۷壬ּҶҪ
ۿְֵı飬ῴӢĿ⣬ῴˣ¶η֮ɫ

ʱҶǳг˼Ͼֹͣսʼժս
սս½ǿսǳĸĪ⣬ѱ
ҶǳͨսǻõĴУͺսֱӴڸҪȱ˶˺ܴơ
ժһΪΣ˵۷ʱժеǳħһĴͨ
ȻҪ־磬ڵҶǳ˵ңԶ
֮Ҫժֵĵһ㡣Ҷǳ뵽ֱӢԲưոݵģһ鷳
Ӣ첻ʼѧԺʼѧԺ棬ҲּҺżҵӵܣӢ϶Щ鷳
ԣڶҶǳ˵ʵǷǳҪġ
ֻҪӵǿʵõ˭
ǳΪѨΪҶǳժֵ֮УʱţֱʱСҽԷֹͣ
۾Ҷǳеǳ˷ܣﵽһսʿ۷徳磬һ޸սǣõժս
Ҷǳɵöδģǿߵĵ·ѾΪһš
ڴҴҳ극ҶǳֿʼժˣսǵĴУժֵĵһǺѣа֮ǰɹ
Сҿ˷ʳȻۣȴûҴ
Ϊǰ˰֢ԵʣҶǳϧʱ䣬ˣǷǳϧʱ䣬ԸŹκһʱ䡣
νڣڶ̫ո¶һǵʱҶǳ˷ܵ۾ժֵĵһ㡣
Ҷǳ˫֣ܹظӦԼ˫֮еľѾͨˣұ֮ǰӲ࣬ӵһɿµ
Ҷǳںһժֵʱ֪ԼҪȥұˣȻһͳٵ»ʦġ
£ҶǳԹСѾ׼õ緹㼱ææȥˡ
ŰҵҶǳֻ˼ˣҵҡ
ҶǳЩεǣѧʮһ꣬ʮһվʱʵ˵Ŀ⣬ÿ˵ж˺档
ʮꡭӦǸ߼ѧŶԣô˳ࣿ
һȺжʱ˺棬ʱضҶǳΪҶǳǰһֱּңԺʶ
ȻҲ⡣
ּҵһţַ㣬ϳҶǳ
ĸ˵ĹȻûһȻˡַ㶢ҶǳжʱּĸӢ˵Ļ
ַ㣬Ҷǳȥǰ౨ֻҪܹߣҾʹһ
ӢĻڶߡ
ַжʱ̰֮ɫǿսֻҪһڵսʿ۷սʿ硣
ʱܹмȥˡ
ڲʮ꣬ʮսʿ۹ҲУмŰࡣ
ʱַּҲᱸӣΪӼӵܣõص
뵽Щֺôַ㿴ҶǳĿ⣬ʱ⡣
ҶǳΪҵǰ;룬ҵ̤ʯɡַ㰵ЦԼģΪּӵܣȻ֪ҶǳѾӢˣһսʿľ¶ûС
սʿΪҶǳ꣬ҲĶ֡
ս½һǷǿ󣬿Ĳ䣬Ϊ
ͬѧǣʦǽһλͬѧҶǳӽҪһǰѧϰҪúദ
Űʦ´ɣʮ꣬սΪЩһǵսʿ㹻ˡ
´ɽҶǳе̨ϣҽܵ
һԣʱ־棬˼顣
ϾʼѧԺʷϣҲûгʮĳѧԱ
̨Ѿ׼õַ㣬ʱ;վɨҶǳһۣЦʦͬѧǣҶǳʶǳǰòűּҸ˼š֪Ϊ궼ʮˣһսʿΪûУʲôʸһŰѧϰǻʼѧԺѧϰʸûС
ڣʱһƬȻ
һǿҶǳĿ⣬˲˱ĺͲмŰѧ˼壬ǶţȻҶǳַ
ʦַ˵öԣַʲôʸһѧϰ˽
Щ궼ţȻԼİ
νȺ֣ǿɲԸһһѧϰǶ˵ֱһ衣
ȥʮˣǳࡣ
Ű಻ӭ
ʮˣһսʿΪûãҪ㣬Ͷɱˡ

һŭȵҶǳĿⶼ˼
ڿǧŭָ
Ҷǳ·籩ģΧĶǳЦм
ԵúƽƽؿǰЦǣƽЩǸӵᡣ
´ɴȵǿսΪ˵ȫѹȥ
ڣʱһƬѻȸ
սĺ´ɣһǻǷǳ𾴵ģҶײ
´Щͷ۵ؿһĻʵ֮ǰϵһ㣬û취Ҷǳ޸ոԺ԰ŵģһʦûзԵȨ
뵽´ɶ˵ǲҪˣҶǳ޸Ժ԰ŽŰģ˼Ҳῴ۵ģѵǻҪ޸Ժ
µֻܰ޸ոԺţѹһѹﾫˡ
Ȼ޸Ժĸ֣ʱвһЩ
޸ոԺǾս𣬿һǿߣǿߣǻǷǳηġ
ַΪ˵õʱȴܲ࣬˵ʦѧԺѧԺĹأ޸ԺҲΥذɣҶǳһսʿΪûУƾʲôԽŰࣿҪǴ˳ȥ˻˵޸Ժ˽ףӰ޸Ժ˵ҾѧԺӦҶǳ
´ɻ˵ʲôȴҶǳһ
Ҷǳڿˣǰͱ˵ַ㣬˵Ҵ㣬ǲǾʸѧϰˣ
ַһ㶣漴֮ɫ˵ʲôң㲻ǿЦɣһսʿ綼ûдﵽң
һŰҲ¶֮ɫ
ϻ˵شҵĻҶǳ˵
ַɫʱһȻ˵ɵߵãܹң㵱Ȼʸѧϰ
ɣҶǳת߳˽ҡ


4 ˭Ƿ
ڡ
һ꿴Ҷǳ߳ȥıӰʱеǳȣû뵽ҶǳȻսַ㡣
ַʮ꣬Ѿﵽսʿ۷壬Ű඼һǿߡ
ҶǳȻַ꣬һսʿΪûУַһȭֵס
ķȻսַ㡣
˿ֱһЦǶΪҶǳ϶Ƿˡ
ַЦһƬ⣬֪ԼļƻɹˣɵöԺ´˵ʦղҲˣҶǳҪսҡҪˣҪǰ࣬Ҫ֤
ã֤´ɿЦȷҶǳԼ˵ģʱ޸ոԺҲˡ
£´ɺַһ˽ҡ
Ǽ״Ҳ˳ȥȥ֡
ŰһƬյأƽЩǽʵսսģʱҶǳַһս
һǣΧΧۿ
´վԱߣųеҶǳַ˵׼𣿡
Ҷǳص˵ͷ
ַм֮ɫԸõ׼ֻҪһȭܹſ¡
ַĳҶǳǸһĨЦպժֵĵһ㣬׼أû뵽һˡ
ҶǳԼģȻַ磬ժս綼޷Խǻʲôʸ񱻳Ϊս
ȳְɣ˵۸㡣ַ㶢ҶǳǳһĨЦš
һʮһʮȳֱ֣ǶԶԷ裬Χսǣȫ¶˳֮ɫһм
Ҷǳû⣬ַ㣬˵˵ģŻȥ衣
ַԶʱ߳ŭ㾡ַܷҪǶһ£Զѧ
ãͽһԿҶǳЦʹ߶ڵսԼƻ۶ȥ
һֻ̣ƱʵĹâһǿϢ֮ϯ
һսʿ´һҶǳΪ
Ȼﵽһսʿ硣ΧҲ¶֮ɫ
ַȻҲ⣬漴㼥Цһսʿ磬һ磬ôҵĶ֡
𣿡ҶǳЦһƳǰȥǿϢʱͬ籩һ㴵ַɫһ䡣
ʲôսַܵһ˿вֱûжΪĻ¾ͻᱻΧͬѧǿˡ
ңҲҶǳܹ
ժ֣Ҷǳͺһսʿ۷ַ㣬û˿⣬еս֮УʹֻƱõĹâ
ǹַϢʱٶȱֲַ࣬еϢѹ
ôôǿַ㲻ɵӣʱڸܵҶǳһƵǿټȥˣæ߶սǰһȭ˳ȥ
쿴ַõǻȭƼ۷ս
ʩչĻǻȭǿһСһսʿ磬ַһȭҪСɣ
Լսַģˣֵܹ˭

ΧսţǾ볡ЩԶûиܵժֵĿֲڿַʩչȭǶַӮˡ
Ǿ볡кܽսΪĺ´ɣȴڴʱͫһ𾪵ضųеҶǳ
ǿһôôǿСֻһսʿ𣿡´г𺳡
ַ֪䶨ˡ
ȻַһȭҶǳʱʱɫ䣬ôᡭ
ûȵһǿҶǳ֮ӿֱӾʹݻĻ˶ɳȥֱ۶ˣҲ֮ȥ
ʲô
ôܣ
ΧʱһƬ
´һѸٳַǰһַûΣգ˿漴ЩӵĿ⿴ԱߵҶǳ˵ҶǳӮˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦȴЩ¡
Ϊղŵһժ֣ùڵսҲ˵ַܹסһƣ߶һƣô˾Ҷǳˡ
ҪΪժֵǿһĸ֣ҲذɡҶǳ뵽
Ҷǳǳַ֮鷳϶ӢָʹȻַ㣬ʼѧԺ滹кּܶҺżҵӵܣַǿĶǣʱ϶鷳ġ
ԣΪҶǳĿǰҪ顣
찡ҿַȻˣܸһһսʿķ
ַ϶ǴˣҲսʿΪܸһһսʿ
òŰ

Χսһǣ˿ѾˣһųеҶǳҲû˳ͼЦǵж˲˼顣
ǲ˵ҶǳǷˣҶǳǷôַܵأ
˭ǷѾһĿȻ
úǷȥϿˣԵַ㣬򱻺´ɽ˸̧ҽȥˡ
Ҷǳֵ˽һλһյλֻһˡ
̨ϣ´һҶǳ漴˵֪սʿΪսʿмսʿ͸߼սʿȼһսʿսʿڳսʿսʿսʿмսʿսʿսʿڸ߼սʿˡ
ĶţһеٮٮߣѾﵽսʿ磬ϾҪٽмսʿҪؿˡ
սʿսʿ磬֮һؿе˿츳ͻƣе˿ŬͻƣҲ˿ͻơ

ź´ɵĽΣҶǳɵһ
ʼ䣬ܿҵйĽܣһֿսΪĵҩǳ
ս½ܸ߹ְҵǱʦʦ
ʦƳֵҩսʿʵΣԱܻӭ𾴡
ʦƳܶǿ
һսʿԣӵһǿҪԿ֪ԣʦҲǷǳܻӭְҵ
ʦʦƵĵҩսһΪɸߵֱͣǣ񼶡ʥ켶ؼƼ
ǻƼ۷弶ĵҩսʿǵսͬʱҲһʰսʿͻƵǰľ硣
Ҷǳһսʿ۷徳磬һô̤սʿ硣
ԣսʿǵҪ̶ȿֱ֪鵤ҩ
㹻׿֮ǰ޷սʿ𣿡Ҷǳɵð뵽
ĵı⣬Ҫ׿֮ǰûдﵽսʿ磬ôҪϳѧԺˣʱӢ϶Źġ
ԣõ㹻
Ҳǳһһսʿлá
ܹΪʦͺˡҶǳ˸Īɣȥͼݲѯһ£βܳΪһʦ


5 
Ŀγ̶ͳһģͨ࣬Ű࣬綼ѧϰۿΣʵսΡ
´һʦ֪βѧǵע⣬Ǹɣڲ֪оѧϰ˺֪ܶʶ
һʱ䣬ת۾͹ȥˡ

ָ
ӢǰǱַ㣬г˲˼飬ȵ˵СһսʿΪһƾʹ㣿
ĸСӲ֪ѧϰʲôƷֻһսʿΪȴܹӳǳµҶó˻ȴǴ򲻹ַ㹧˵
˿ԵñȽң첲ĹȻѾκˣǹҪһݲܹȫָ
кҶǳΪҶǳڻ档ҪǣΰܸҶǳûлٵõӢǿˡ
뵽ַг˺⡣
һĻպñӢ֣жʱһ˿Ĺâַ˵ҲҪ٣ûв´ĻСӦѧϰһǿսõĻȭֻǻƼս԰ܸҲǲܡ
ʲô
ַԶʱ漴ŵôܣСӱϳּңѧϰսңսҲôɵģ뿪ּһ죬𣿡
ߣ޸ԺϼͬѧҲǿϼϣŴСһսָӢߵ
ַԲɵĽͼʣ룺һѣȻҵõսҪܹѧսŰ໹˭ҵĶ֣
Խ룬оԽʣҶǳĺԽ
СӵǿԼһ£ϾǸСһ༶׶֡ӢƳַһۣ漴϶Цݣɫ˵ַ㣬ҲҪйȻܸС֣㲻޸Ժİ
Բĸַûãûҵ񡣡ַ˵
Ӣ΢΢ЦûϵβУ´
ĸСսҿ²Ķַ֡Ц
ټأӢԴӻȡһŵɫĵҩͬĴָôСɢŨҩ㡣
ַ۾һɣĿӢеĵҩг˿
Ӣģһ˿Ц漴Ц˵ַ㣬Ȼû񣬵ǿˣȻ͸㡣
лĸַЧĸԺضΪĸհַû뵽ྡʱ־ϲæ°л
ݸַ㣬ӢЦ˵ַ㣬ͿԽսʿ硣սʿսʿȻֻһ𣬵еĲܴ󣬵ʱһԻǸСֻ֡һҪǾôֽţ׵׵سΪһˡ
ӢһƬɭȻЦ
ַ㲻˸æ˵ĸģһɹģҷԼҲᱻѧԺϳġ
ϳ͸ϳֻҪ񣬵صּңұ㰲ӵУʱõּҵصѵȲʼѧԺ𣿡Ӣ˵
ַҲԣٴΰлȻ󹧾˳ӡ
Ӣַ뿪֮ϵЦݶʱߵһǸֻһսʿСֶˣּҵĺӵУΰɣ
Ҳֻǰַ㵱һӣ˾ᰲַּҵĺӵС

Թ緹ҶǳҴҸȥͼݡ
ʼѧԺͼݷǳӴռһѧ¥СͼϣѧǴ˽ս½
Ҷǳͼݺ󣬱ֱӲѯйʦ鼮ʼ˽ʦҵ
ԭҪΪһʦҪõһֲУӵлֲԼս棬ӶƵҩ߶
ԣǳΪʦʦҪӵл֡
ַΪΣߵȵĻ𣬾һֻڴ˵֮С
еȵĻֹо֣Ϊһֻо֣ÿһֶǳϡ٣û㹻ĻԵ޷á
͵ȵĻֱǵػεĻĿ࣬һ˸
ս½ʦʦӵеĻ֣ǵػ
ӵʦʦǶһţֱָпܶûˡ
ڻȡã
һַʽ
һ֣Ҳһ֣Ǳںϡ
ͨ׽絮ĵػ𣬽ںԼ塣
ַֻʽǳΣգһ޷סֵĿ飬ô˶ᱻճɻҽȫʬ
˵ڶַʽǳȫǾǴС
ʦʦΪһԻķǴ󲿷ΪǺܸߣݡ
Ϊ˲ԼһԼȥЩʦʦǰǣʱ򣬶һЩӣǻ֡
ΪЩѾǸˣû˿񱩵ıԣںǳȫΣա
ֿ˴ڵĻ֣츳ޣɾ͡
ȻλʦʦǰԼıִ㣬ôܹ̳츳ûдеĸˡ
ֻֻһѾʦʦǵںϣһڸӣԼҪˡ
ԣЩʦʦǣֻﵽ޵ʱ򣬲ŻԼıִԼܳӣ̳Լ²
ڵַʽǾҪ˵츳ˡ
츳к֣ܶеҶǳŴȵսǣеͬҲܹŴȵĻ֡
ʣˣеţѡкܴĳɾ͡
ˣĳɾҲܸߣЩӵսǵŲ١
ӵ츳̫ϡˣνһ
û뵽ҪΪһʦȻô鷳֣ҪȥһҶǳеͼ飬ɵüͷ
ڴʱԶһϤӰǸԺ޸ա
޸Ȼ·Ҷǳɵ֣Ц˵Ҳ⣿ã׼Сء
˵գѾҶǳǰһ˫ϵ۾Ŀ⣬ϸǰҶǳ
ҶǳЩڣɵÿЦԺˣʲô𣿡
ҺүүԺүүˣô⡣޸հ˰֣ĿȻҶǳƺҪҶǳ͸Щ̾˵Сӻһ̥ӢȥΪȴȻڶ̶ʱڴﵽһսʿ۷壬Ҽǵһսʿ綼ûдﵽɣ
үү֮ǰϾһսʧȥΪսľ绹˵ûκѶȣһսʿֻˮɡҶǳЦ
Ȼ޸նܺãҲ͸¶ԼսǣϾҪǱ֪սǣôܻܿɱ֮
սǵ콾ʱҲûнԼӵսǵϢ¶ɼսǵӰǳ¡


6 ѩɭ
ܣ
޸նҶǳߵȻ㻹սľ磬սһһϦ֮ûκεƿҪһ֮ھۼôҲǲܵġ֮ǰּûʲôλӵ
үүҲ֪ΪʲôҾţôͻˡҶǳֱ̯̯֣ˣΣ޸ղƿ鵽սǡ
Ӣ񶾵ŮѾΪԼսǣܾսǻܸա
ԣܣҶǳĸǮǲκ˵ġ
ΨԼԼ
Сӡ޸ռ״ɵҡҡͷ漴ЦˣСʲôҶùܡιǸһϣһսʿ磬ڿȫԿսʿˡ
˵գ޸ƣĶʱâһһɢҩ㣬Χʱǿ
ʲô
Ҷǳոջõת֮䣬˸ˣвɵþϲ֡
ڸղ޸һŵĹâзǳ档
үүղǿյģΪλͻȻһҶǳɵɻʵ
޸չЦСռָ֪𣿡
˵գתһ´ĴָһöɫĽָ˵ǿռָֻһЩ߼ʦǲƵĳöָҲϹҵġֻһöССĽָһܴĿռ䣬һôСԴκζȻܴŻһŽȥǾͻϢ
һöССĽָȻôĿռ䣿Ҷǳɴ۾𾪡
һθоȻûǰЩ߿ƼȴԼص
Ҷǳɵÿʼϲˣܸлү硣
ҶСӣҲүүСϾүүһȺңǰҲҪֻܸһٶĻȺһҪ˵Ҹ첲ˡ޸˵
Ҷǳжæ˵үүǧô˵ܰҽѧԺҾѾܸмˡĲ£̫ˡ
Ҷǳѯʦص伮֮󣬱Ѿ֪ˡ
ǻƼ۷嵤ҩһĳʦƲֻмʦܹһƳҪķĲϡ
˵һܻȡĽǮһͨ˼һӲԺˡ
ǷǳϡٵģǮܹȡĹ
ǣܹƳʦĻҺ͸ƿءÿƳҲǹϷ֣˼ǮҲ򲻵
Ҷǳ޸ûκιϵ治Ƿ޸ô顣
οԷǿүүķϣѾ뿪ּңҲûйϵˡ
СӣϷ¾£㶼һүүˣһ͵Ǽˡ޸˵գֱӲҶǳ
ҶǳЦɣүүҽģԺҳΪмʦһ
Сӵ־޸չЦЦ漴ҶǳǱʦ鼮ɵЦҪΪʦСӿⱾ飬ӦҲ֪ҪΪʦжôѰɣ㻹Ϊмʦ
ٺ٣ΪҶǳЦš
޸ҡҡͷ˵СҪĳΪмʦĸҪ㣬ӢͲ鷳ˡ
˵ĲʦĵλܸߣϾܹƳֵҩսʿʵҪˡ
мʦƳֵ͸ˣĵλһЩ߼ս١
үүһҪΪʦģЩ鷳֪Ļ𣿡ҶǳɵʵԼҲ֣޸Ǿսĸ֣ʼѧԺĸԺ϶֪ܹҵĻ֡
Ҫںϻ֣޸յɴ۾漴ҡҡͷȻУںϻ̫ΣˣʮоŸ˶ܲסֵҪΪʦһʦɣʶһмʦʱȥʦ֡
Ǳ֣򿿱˴ڵĻ֣Ҳʲô̫ߵĳɾͣҪ²ܳΪмʦ
ҶǳҡҡͷԸΪû츳ʦĻҪʮܳΪмʦⱲûʲôܳΪ߼ʦ
֮·ҶǳҪġ
ȻĿǰҶǳΪΪʦҪΪ߼ʦϾԺ֮·Ҫֵҩ
Ҷǳǹ¼ҹһûκֻԼΪʦ뷨ǳС
СӵҰĻСܹΪʦͲˣȻҪٳΪмʦ㵱мʦǴײ˰мʦҲǳϡ٣ˡ޸Ц
ңЩмʦĸǿʮꡣ޸ռ˵һѣ㻹ҪĴ˵ǲҪΪս𣿡
Ҷǳæ˰֣˵ҵȻҪֻгΪмʦܸõذҹ¼ҹһԺ֮·ߡ
ˣȻô֣Ҳˡ޸̾˿Ҷǳп˼ᶨ֮ɫ֪СӾԲΪʦġ
ǣ˵˵Ļ֣һ־ͻᱻƿأҵ֪һطһУСӻлȥ
ʲôطҶǳʱϲæʵ
ѩɭ֣޸΢΢ЦӦ֪ѩɭְɣ¶ȼֻͣսǿ߲ܰסÿ·ݣ¶ȱůһЩʱЩСһǾܹȥˡ
˵ɭǱƹܣ˶ܽȥҶǳü
޸յͷˣǰʼѧԺĹأÿ·ݣҪмŰѡʮǿ֮ˣǽѩɭ֮ĥҲǻġ
ԣֻҪҳΪʮǿ֮һܽѩɭ֣үүȷл𣿡Ҷǳɵʵ
޸չЦȻУҺֹܿܲһ
ʲô֣Ҷǳ𾪡
ս½ǷǳϡٵģǵػҲǺټģƽõһͰҾȻǲ˼鰡
ǺǣȻϡ٣Ƕսǿ˵ĲǺĻһûַ޸հȻЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢һʱ뵽Ĺսǿߣʵɲ⡣
Ӿսս磬ȻֻһΣ֮ĲȴصĲ
Ϊһﵽս磬ս꣬ǿս꣬ЩսͿԷݵأӵͬħһͨ
ҶǳζҪΪսϾֻҪǸˣһ죬Լܹڸ߿а衣
ҪﵽսǳѣҲֻйһˡ


7 ܲ
޸տų˼еҶǳЦ˵СӣҲ˵̫磬ڻڳ࣬Ҫм֪࣬Ҫʲôʱ򡣶ңѾǶ·ˣٹ£ѩɭ־Ҫˣʱֻܵȵˡ
һҪΪʦҶǳᶨ˵
ӢĶ콾õսǣѾﵽս𣬶츳ǣʵ֪Ҫﵽʲôز
ҶǳҪ׷ǾֻܾΪʦԼʵܱǣȻԼյսǣ׷콾ľ硣
ꣿǺǣ޸ҡҡͷ˵ֻʣµʱ䣬㼴İҲֻܴﵽսʿ磬м඼ʸôܻΪʮǿ֮һҪ֪ʮǿ߿ɶսʿ𡣡
үүһǾ仰Ϊ˶ʤ죬һɹġҶǳսȭͷᶨš
޸΢΢һƺǰĻȾɵõ˵ͷ˵ãºҵҪܹﵽʲôز
˵գ޸ձת뿪ˡ
ҶǳĿ޸ȥ漴պеڲ׼Ϸá
һսʿ𣬷ֻսʿڡ
ǣҶǳһսȻΪսǱʧȥһΪľ绹ڡԣսʿ統УûκƿģֻҪΪﵽܹˮɵͻƵǰ硣
ԣҶǳֻҪٿʮ£ԿȻȻؽսʿ硣
ʱٷܹһٽսʿ۷壬ȻͻƵսʿҲͻ˶೤ʱ䡣
õĹ滮Ҷǳ뵽漴뿪ͼݡ

ٳϣҶǳŰһȺۼǰڷһ޴ɫ
ǰ棬ʵսεʦ
ʵսΣһʦһǳٸѩò㣬磬һŮͬʱҲһսĸ֡
λѩʦƢȴʮֻ𱬣Ű꿴ͬϻèһ˹ԺӣҶǳΪ˰ࡣ
컹ӣǸܲѩһװԵúܸ˫ü罣һ˫ǳɨɨǰ꣬Ⱥ갵˸
һ˵ӣǸܲҲΪǺáǵдѾﵽսʿ۷壬ͻƵıԵֻаǱƵޣǲŻͻơ
ѩ˵ţȻǣѾ׼õĳذʼΧŲٳܲ
Щɫİ棬װСʯ飬ٽ
ȺǴﵽսʿ𣬸
ذҶǳҲ˰Ϊֻһսʿ۷壬Ⱥˣ˿һ޴İûѹ¡
ȻҶǳƾժ֣ʹսǿŰһˡ
⸺ܲȴԼһһսʿȻȲȺսʿǡ
ҶǳϾȺ꣬ƾҧӲ֧סӣǰСˡ
Ҷǳ
Ȼѩ
Ҷǳʱͣסӣѵתͷ¶һĨЦݣʵʦʲô𣿡
ѩһҶǳͺ´һͱ޸մкˣҲ⣬˵Ҷǳһսʿ㱳ٽȷʵΪˣ㽫ʯ鵹һɡ
лʦֵܹסңҲŰһԱӦһͬʡҶǳ˵գ㳯ǰȥȻܼѣг˼ᶨ
Сӣ
ѩ㵵ؿǰ汼ܵҶǳ漴иһ˿֮ɫʼҶǳСһȤˡ
ʼѧԺĲٳǳһȦʮף˵رˣ㲻أҪһȦǳѡ
ȺǣһʼƾǿսܹסǵȵսķѵĲˣʱ۵һһڴϢţͿҪˡ
෴ҶǳһʼһǽģȻԽˣΪ˵һ
һǿǰ汼ܵҶǳɵ𾪣г˲ţôҲ벻ԼȻһһսʿԽˡ
СӺܴȻܹսƵôãҶСѩǰҶǳıӰе͸Ũˡ
漴ѩջĿ⣬ԱߵȺŭǸʲôѧڹһսʿȻһһսʿ磬ǶţҶǳͣҲͣܡ
ŭ£һȺǶʱҧ׷ҶǳıӰȥ
ڼֱҶǳˣҪҶǳƽǵʱѩǽܲˣȴҪܡ
ǰҶǳѩɵ΢΢һЦ
ܲкܶôҪܵԶֵľãǾͱѧοԼڵսκһ˿ս˷ѣս־á
һѧ˿սôԺսʱ򣬾ܹӵ۷壬˿˷ѡ
ֻǵһô

Ҷǳ뵽
ǰ˺ܶ飬ӵгԽ˵ǻۣȺҪǿöˡ
ˣѾѩǸܲĿģҾһѧ˺ܶõĶ
ܹܲڵսѹեĸɸɾʱʱܹʹսӾȷͻƵǰľ硣
ˣµܲҲڼӿ
Ҷǳð˿˿âεĸܲҵһΪķˡ
ԣǳмλѩʦ
ܲڼֱҶǳķѵһ˿սʱŲòͣЩǼ״ʱɴ⣬һڵϣڴϢţ˵ûˡ
ҶǳҲûһˣǼϥڵϣȻսϿʼ
ѩʱ˹ȺȺ׳գҸ˵ٱˣÿ경֮󣬶ҪսǰҵĻɶ߷𣿡
ͬһ˿ĸϻһľ
Ƕʱһæңæϥأʼ
ǣղŲǲʵ̫ˡϾǰܵľ룬ֻн֮һ
죬ȫǳԽ˼ޣ۵ѡ
ôȴǷǳ޴
Ҷǳһսоܵӵƽʱٶȸˡ
Ϊﵽ˼ޣòѹեǱӶӿٶȡ
Ҷǳһһ߰뵽ֻܲѹեǱһķﵽޣȻսٶȱӣҾпڴﵽսʿ硣
ҶǳԽ룬ԽֿԼвɵ˷
ú󣬵ǻָսҲָ˺ܶ࣬һҲվˡ
Լѡһ֣ʼʵսסԷҪҪ㵽Ϊֹѩȵ
ҶǳΪŰַˣûԸֻܸѩˡ
ȻѩǰԼľѹںҶǳͬľ磬սļһȭҪҶǳС


8 ͻ
䣡
䣡
һ
ԶĿյϣӰһȭһȭһһƣٶȺܿ죬һʱ䣬ѷʤ
ˣҶǳѩ
ΧȺ꣬˿ѾͣˣΧһԹսһ𾪺Ͳ˼顣
ΪҶǳһȻѩƽ֣ȻѩѹΪϾսսɣս飬ǶսƿأԶЩսʿСһǡ
Ҷǳֻһսʿ𣬾Ȼѩѽѷ֡
սɣս飬Ҷǳѩֻǲһ㡣ƾǿ͸߳ѧϰϵѩţһʱ˫ѷֳʤ
ˣˣְͣɣ
úѩһź˿
ҶǳԣҲ漴֣ͣڴϢţȴ˸Īɣзǳ˷ܡ
ΪһΣûʩչժ֣ѩĸͬƽ֡
Ȼ˫սʱʱڣҶǳȴѧϰ˺ܶණ
Ҷǳһֻһսʿ𣿾ȻսͼɣһսˡѩǰҶǳȻһ˿̾š
ҶǳԴЦǲһսʿʦ𣿡
ȻʧȥսΪսľ绹ڣȻҲսսͼɡ
ֻһ㣬ѩ֪ΪҶǳı̬
ˣսɺ;飬ûҪ˶ˣҪǾΪĶ̰塣ѩ˵
ȺǶսʿҶǳڲһսʿΪȷܴ
ս½ΪǸҶǳժǿսսǿߣǻ·һ
ΪǸ
ҶǳȻҲæ˵ʦҾøܹܲӿҵٶȣܲ
ԣȥܰɣԺʵսҲϰˣרΪɡѩ˵
ҶǳսͼɶȼսˣѾûʲôɽڵˣֻҶǳѧˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴Ͼ޴İΧŲٳʼܲ
һ׳գȻܣ
һĪǷ𣿡
һ

ͱϾС֪ҶǳжĿǿҶǳȻȥܲɵһ¶Цݡ
ѩǵӣɵŭȵʲôʸЦˣһȺսʿҶǳһսʿ磬ҪǣͶɱȥˣһȺҶѵҲܲ𣿡
ѩĻƢ֮£һǶʱջĿ⣬׷ȥѡֶˡ
ѩתҶǳıӰ뵽СΪʮˣֻһսʿѵǰû𣿡
ôҲ벻ǰҶǳѾﵽսֻǱӢսǣŵΪʧ
ҶǳڲٳϱţÿĹս֮󣬱սָս
Ȼֿʼܲ
ػأһֱ¿βŽ

ָ
ַϥóӢ¶˷ܵĹâ
ûȥϿΣΪƻûȫã첲ۣɲô׾ͺõģսʿΪҲҪϢһݲС
뵽ԼƣַжʱԹ֮ɫҧҶǳҵţսʿ磬ַϴˢʱ򡣡
漴ַ㿴еԸ߼սʿЧֳսʿЧ͸ǿˣһͻƵսʿ磬Ǿ̫˷ˡ
΢΢˼Ƭַ̣뵽һ⣬ȡһذףг롣
аַЦڵֻҪܹͻƵսʿ硣
ʣµİţԺΪսʿ۷ʱͻƵսʿ磬
ַԼĹ滮ǳ⣬°ʼ
Чǿңһڣ㻯ŻգͻƵսʿ
ڴﵽսʿˣҶǳٹ죬ĺӾҪͷˡ۾ַгԹ֮ɫ
սʿ磬Ҳ࣬ֻҪ죬ܳ׻ָˡ
ʱȥϿΣ˳ӢԸ

Ҷǳᡣ
ʱҶǳڿŸԳţıϣһ˴Сľʯٶء
ˣʯ棬Сҵ塣
ҶǳôžʯСңһһεŸԳţˮ˳£ʪҧš
үôۻӵġСھʯϣŻǺˮҶǳɵ֮ɫ
ûϵʦҵķܹӿٶȡĺˣүҵǿ׳أµġҶǳҧЦ
ΪϣѧԺĲٳᱻգط̫ˣܲ
ԣҶǳֻѡַڽм
Գţõѡ

ʱͬˮһ㣬
ڽʱҶǳ㼫ڲٳܲظԳţһδεѹեԼǱһδδԼļޡ
оսʿԽԽˡ
֪ͻƣܿҪˡ
죬Ҷǳ糣ΣȴһϤӰǰǰ˵ַ㡣
ַ㿴߽ҵҶǳһ˿Թ漴תԱߵͬѧ̸
ҶǳĿַܵеԹޣ֪Сӿ϶ưոݵģժַ㡣
Լλ£ҶǳΡ
Թ緹֮ҶǳԼԳţм
нСʱʱ䣬ҶǳȻŹЩʱ䣬ôŬΪܹڽмࡣȻ󣬶ȡʮеһѩɭ֣Ѱһ֣Ϊʦ
ȣ
һκĹڵս֮Ҷǳ¾ʯСңʼս
һϵش˷۶ĵ֮лۣս
䣡
Ȼһ
һ̣Ҷǳоһ·ʲôޣһߵĲΡ
Ƕսʿ硣
ͻˡ
Ŭûа׷ѣҽͻƵսʿʱ֮һ㼫ЧȻáҶǳ˲۾ڱӿĻսɵ˷ܡ
ûó޸͸ǿû˿ԥϾ͸ȥ
ȻͻˣҾһԼΪٴǿҶǳ뵽
ЧǳǿңոսҶǳڣ㻯һŨҶǳ塣
ҶǳΪʱӶսʿڣսʿڣٵսʿڡ
ͣ˶սʿ۷塣


9 ַ
սʿ۷壡
ҶǳڱӿֹĻսɵ˷ܣ̲סͺһһԵСҸһ
үôСɻ󣬸ղүúõģôͻȻ񷢷һһôˡ
Ҷǳʱ鼫ãɵЦûʲôոͻƵ˶սʿ磬̲סйһ¡
үСȻҲ֪ףɵԼүеˡ
ҲԼүͻˣϾǰͻƣҪβͻƣ
ˣСңȥϴ裬»ҪϿءҶǳ˵㳯ԡȥÿμᱻˮʪÿ֮ҪϴС
ϴ裬ɾ·ҶǳЦݵسȥ
Ϊͻƣǳá
ͬʱҶǳҲ˼Чͻƣ֮һʱ䡣
Ƕսʿ۷徳磬ټҪʮ£ٶͻƣΪһսʿ
Ļѩɭֿ뻹һµʱ䣬δزܽսʿ硣
뵽Ҷǳ΢΢𣬲ɵЦ
ҶǣڴʱһҶǳı֮гԹͷŭڣҶǳûתѾϳ˭ˡ
ַ㣡
ҶǳǸһĨЦ
ĲԶַһôĺ˳ɭȻĿ⣬һɱεͷų
ҶǳҵܾˡַȭͷЦݺɭЦɱ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦôҪɱңȲ˵ǲҵĶ֣ѧԺڣɱң
ɱ㣬ҵȻңַиһĨ̵ЦݣɭǣֽţѧԺҸϳȥ
㸶˴۶ԸңӢʲôôҶǳߵ
ַɫһ䣬漴ߵҲ˵ʲô֮ĳޣĸ޹ء
һõӣȻ˵֪ĳֻʱ³ܲҡҶǳͬؿһַ㣬м˵
ϻַһɭȻ˵ùԹԶֽţȻͷңҲһٳһЩͷ
׳գҶǳԣ³֡
ߣԼַһ˿ԹѾַƺΪ԰ڣڰ·ϣǿսѾͷųЯһǿѹҶǳ
Ҷǳ۾һУ漴ЦȻͻƵսʿ磬ѹʣô̵ʱͻƣӦӢĺôɣ
Ҷǳ;ŰɣҿǷܹЦó˵㻹һŮȴֽţȻᱻϳѧԺʱǸСŮһúõչȻٰԺȥַЦ
Ҷǳͫһ漴бҵɱͺһַ㣺ַ㣬ϴ飬㻹ΪҲҶôȻвңֱıӵȥɡժ֣
ս𣿡ַ㿴Ҷǳʩչժ֣û˿ľ壬ЦȻսһսʿ磬֮еؼսûá
ԿҶǳЦսȫ߶Լ֮ڣʩչժ֡
Ҫ֪ժֿɲսս
䣡
˲䣬ҶǳƱĿĹâͬǳ۶ǳ
ǿϢʱַɫһ䡣
սʿ磬һǶսʿ۷壬ôܣôô죿ܵҶǳĻսַ㵹һ֮ɫ
ߣﶼܹͻƵսʿ磬ҾͲͻ𣿡Ҷǳ
ַ־ŭͻ˾硣Ҷǳ죿ȻôͻˣѵҲ
⻹汻¶ˣҶǳܹôﵽսʿ۷徳磬ȷΪһ
Ҷǳ㲻Ҫ̫⣬ﵽ˶սʿ磬֮Ĳ໹Ǻܴûдﵽսʿ磬мսʿսʿ֮Ĳ࣬ذɡַ
ȳһҵժ˵ҶǳЦһֻЯſֲƣʱַ
ȭַȫ߶սȭеǿһս˫ȭâɣһͷͻŭư磬ǳ¡
ͬǰ磬һսȻǿһжǿһС
ˣͬһһ˭Ҳûк˰벽
䣡
ȭǿײһ𣬿͵սʱΧĿһ
һַ̣Ĳҽһ˶ɳȥѪ硣
ҶǳջƣоԼڵսֻǱķһ룬ܹٶȴһժ֣ɵð˿
漴Ҷǳ浹ڵѪַ㣬ЦսʿȻȻֻѪûлȥ
ȻҶǳڿ佱ַ㣬ɵӶܹóǳ
ַ㶼Ϳˣֻ۾ҶǳԹͲʣŭΪʲôΪʲôôǿֻǸսʿѾﵽսʿ硣
г˲ʺɻ֪ΪʲôԼҶǳΣΪΰܵĻ
ΪֻӢõķѣҶǳһٶʩչժֺȻҪʤ׷
ַһٶ鷳ҪֽţҪСȥԺЩѾַҶǳеۣŭ
ԣһΣҶǳ׼úýѵһַ㣬²
ҪɱңҷҲ鷳ˡַ㿴Ҷǳٶʩչժ֣ʱ֣ΪҶǳҪɱϾġ
˵ףֻʮ꣬Ȼս½ĺӶ죬Ͼֻ꣬һ򲻹ˣ뵽ľģûֲ
Ҷǳķŭˣַģһժֺ˹ȥݺݵغַĺϡ
һ̣ܹõַıʮڹǱϡƣ鵤ҩҲҪڴɴʱˡ
ַҺһֱӻ˹ȥ
úڴɰɣ´۾һЩЩ˲ܹġҶǳһ漴ǰȥַĻ˵Сô˵ҲּҵһӵܣӦôŲǮƣһá
ȻѧԺڣ޸յİҶǳСҶס
ûǮʱ·û
ΣȻַԼҶǳȻȡĲ֮ơ
ţͻȻҶǳַĻһҩƿЩ棬ʱһɵ۾һɣ漴ϲ
Ϊƿ棬ȻװŰϤҩ㣬ղŲŹȻǵ
ԭӢһһһ˰ͻƵսʿ磬Իʣ°ҲҾͻƵսʿˡ
Ҷǳвɵüеַ㣬ʱЩм
ַ㣬һ˰Ǯƣ˰
ĺˣȥң
ַҪ֪Ҷǳ룬»ᱻԺͻƵսʿõģȴҶǳ


10 ֤
ҽսʿ֮ٷãܰΪսʿڣôʣµʱ䣬㹻ҽսʿˡ
Ҷǳ˸˷ܵĹâ
ĺܸмַ㣬ûҪڽһսʿ磬ǼѰõ
ټļԿ·֮ǰսʿ硣
ʱͿм࣬Ȼμѩɭ֮еѡ
ӢӢַַҪѵңȴû뵽ȫң
ҶǳЦţҲܵڵϻȥַ㣬㳯Žȥ
ѧԺѲߣʱȻַᷢ㣬ַҲ
Ȼʱַ϶Ҷǳ˵Ҷǳ͵Ϯûκε֤ݣҶǳ޸ջţȻ޾塣
ʵսΣҶǳһڶԽмַʽŰһȺ궼ˡ
ڣѾûٸ˵ҶǳǷˣһЩ֮ˣڿҶǳʱж𾴺
ڴﵽ˶սʿ۷徳磬ٽİϣѾѴﵽҵļˣҪһ
һȦҶǳԼսȻв٣ûдﵽļޣʱü
ܿ죬ԵɣǳԱȥٶȱһŲٳܡ
찡Ǽһﱳǿٽﰡ
ӣֱҪˣҴûôġ
ӣǷӣԺǧǡ

һȺڶ꣬ҲҶǳľٶɵ𺳣һƬȻ
ԱߵѩҲˣŵؿŲٳǸŬܵıӰԷֻһ꣬ȴһ𺳵ĸо
ӣ
ѩ̲סһ䡣
ҶǳɲЩٶȱһоԼ·һɽƵģÿ̤һǳļѣսĵĺܿ졣
ûܵٳ֮һҶǳսĹˣ°ڵսָս
ȻָսҶǳڲٳϱܡ
̬ľٶŰȫˣ֣׳Ҷǳš

ָ
ְ죬ӢԼһЩּҵĳϣʱۼּҵĿһɫǳѿ
Ϊǰһ˵ꡣ
ַ㡣
ַ㱻ѧԺѲߵ˷֮󣬱͵ѧԺҽң򵥵֮󣬱ͻּҡ
ʱּҵĸ߲ǡ
ȻּӵѧԺҲܶŹǶС֮ѧԺּҶǹ־ģϾǱ˴ʵ
һΣַ㱻ӣǾ̫ˡ
ַ㣬˵˭ӵģǲ㣿ְʵҪַҵģϴַӦҶǳսĿ֮¾Ǽ㱻ˣҲֲҶǳְҪǰ
ַ㣬˵ֻҪĴּһΪġһԵӢҲ˵
дʱЩɸַ֣СȥԸҶǳǸС֣ôһתַۣ䵽³ֱ׷һ
ĸ
ַ˿Ȼƺأ֮Ѿ˹ְӢԹ޵˵Ҷǳҵģ͵ϮңҲע⣬ҴӡĸһҪֻظ
ȻҶǳϣСҶǳ
ӢԣϾǰΪַȥҶǳ鷳ġӦҶǳַˣôڷַ㱻Ҷǳˣ
ôܣӢ־ŭš
һԵְҲһţȵַ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ѣҶǳһսʿ磬ôĶ֣ңղż峤ϸʱѾսʿˣ᲻Ķ𣿡
ַԾʵûаԡַʱҶǳСҲһսʿѾﵽսʿ۷徳硣
ʲô
ⲻܣ
ְӢһ󾪺𾪡
ҶǳӢְҶǳսǣϵΪ
̶֮ڣҶǳôﵽսʿ۷徳磬һܹսʿַ㡣
ʵš
ַӣҲ˵ѡ
ĸһλּҵĳ˳˵Ϊ²ưոݣһҶǳ壬ǴڶҶǳȻ˼֮ͬ飬ַӣϼ˺ݶȻǶּұԹ֮ģʹ˷βܣձسɻ
ֺ곤˵Ĳô¾ͽ㴦ˣһʼѧԺ¡ְԳ˵
ǣֺ˵ͷд⣬ַ常Բôַͷ
Ҳֺ곤һ𡣡һԵӢҲ˵
վӢ˹˵ǣ
֪ӢȥҪȥ˽ġ
ϾһҶǳչֳ˾˵ʵӢЩˡ
ӢǶҶǳĸףȻְҶǳսǣϵҶǳΪ֮䣬˵в֮Ѿ޷ˡ
ԣӢȻҶǳɳ

һļҶǳԼΪоԼͻƵսʿ磬ѾԶˡ
صᣬԹҶǳʼ
ûãյ˸Ժ޸յĴѶԺ칫һˡ
ôˣүүҸʲôҶǳЩɻ󣬵ǸϽ·㳯޸յİ칫ȥ
ܿ죬Ҷǳ͸ϵ޸յİ칫ңˡ
Ҷǳ۾һˣĿг˷ŭ⣬ɱ̲ס
ȻսӢģ飬ӢôִܻУ
ӢצõƿҶǳĶӣڳսǡ
񶾵ףҶǳϤˡ
ҶСӣ
ʱ޸տҶǳɵ¶Цݡ
ҶǳʱջĿ⣬޸գ˵үүʲô£
ĳƺֺüͷɵöһۣ
޸պҶǳĹϵôãȻ϶վҶǳһߡ
ҶСӣλӦöʶɡ޸մʱ˵
Ҷǳؿһ˵ͷߵʶȻʶˡ
ֺüͷһ壬漴޸ԺҲˣҶǳͽּһģַˣϳԷڡ
޸ԿһԵҶǳ˵ҶСӣ˵ַˣǲд£
ôʣֱڸҶǳѣֺʱɫ
ȻҶǳЦүүҴ֮ҲûַˣȫңӦó֤˵
޸յ˵ͷ漴ֺߵ֤ݣó֤ó֤ݣƾּҵһ仰ҪϳѧԺѧΪ޸ּ𣿡
˵գսǿͷųѹֺɫһףɵõ


11 
սʵֺΪּҵĳϣһսˣһܹǳɵҶǳ
ʱ޸ǹǿѹǰֺ̲סͷðսսҪ¹ˡ
ԺϢŭҲֻѯһľȻҶǳ֣Ǿ͸ˡֺҧͷ˵ȴǳ˷ŭ
Ҳͷһ仰˵
޸ǿʵǰֻѡͷ
޸պһ˵ǵøתְСӣһЩ۳أν
ֺûҽӻ˹һԵ뿪ˡ
ҶǳһԿţֻоѪڣս½ķǿΪǿʳֻҪӵǿʵ˵ʲôǶԵġ
һ죬ҲҪӵǿʵҪǿҪΪս񣡡ҶǳսȭͷĿ˸г˶ǿĿ
磬Ҷǳ뵽ֻб棬ǽ죬ҵһĿꡣ
ǾǳΪս񣬳Ϊս½ǿߣվ۷塣
ҶСӣ
ֺ뿪֮޸ձ㿴һԵҶǳϵ϶ʱֳЦݣ˵СһصĹַСӱ͵ҽҵʱԹȥ鿴һ£Ѿսʿ磬ȴ뻹Ǳˣүүڸһǿս
Ǻǣ⻹Ҫлүү͸ҵǿҲôͽսʿ硣ҶǳЦж޸ճ˸мֻһεˣȴƶһչˡ
Ҳó޸պ۵ĸܺãǲֻͬѧô򵥡
һѣүү˵㲻ʲô޸հ˰֣漴ɫʵ˵˵ɣεô£ôַֺСӴˣ
ҶǳߵַֻӢһӣҽŰĵһַӢҪҸϳŰ࣬ǴαҸˡǰӢ͸ַһսʿ磬Ȼҵֽţϧǰܸҡ
Ӣһ񶾵Ůˡ޸󲻽üͷȻλַ㣬񶾵Ů˿²ưոݣѧԺвּҺżҵӵܣʱ鷳
ֻҪʵǿˣҾͲǡҶǳս˫ȭš
սǸգժǿս˱¡
ңڿżİʵĺܿ졣
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ԼʵԺɨʼѧԺ
ĺܺãٴս硣޸տŵҶǳɵЦŹ
үүϢɣҾȻȥˡҶǳǣҪȥˣΪַ㱻ˣһӢҪһַǿԸˡ
ԣҶǳڲŹκһʱ䣬ҪһŬȥԼʵ

ָ
ֺ󣬱ȻְľӢҲһš
ǿɶ޸վȻһ㶼ּҷҵϵӵܣĵӣӢüŭ
ְߵһ˼Ҷʲô֪޸պүӵĹϵүͬѧǸһ𴳵µ۹һΣǵĸֵܻҪס
㻹ǸСдŸӢߵ
ְŭһݺݵصӢһۣɵЩ£һûأ˵Ҳּĸô۾ôС㶼ˣΪλŹ
ְȻûҶǳӵϾԼ֣ҲûҪɱҶǳ
ôڹˣӢŭ㿴θɵĺ£СһֱģֻҪɳ͵ּɡ
ߣּ֮һʵңһСӣ˵ֻһսʿΪ˶սҲֻһְм˵
һڵġӢһתʹ뿪ˡ
ֺĿȥſְ죬˵Ҫδ
ƨû֤ݣС޸ջţȥûáְһҲת뿪ˡ
ֺɫһƬСǵãţֻҪ̤ʼѧԺһϷҪңߣ
أ
ӢصԼӣһƺǰӣɱ磺С֣һҪɱҾԲһ˿ɳĻᡣ
ˣַ˵ĺأƴ궼ֻڴţżҺּڳûˣйҲСӵĶ֡˵
ӢߵַǸֱ˷һߣҪǼɵֺƥҾֱӷҲеãΪ̽Сֵĵϸû뵽żûǸС־ȻͳΪ˶սʿԽˣҾԽеһҪ
Ӣһɭоɱ
æ˵ˣֶүмŰĵһ֣ڵΪսʿ۷壬սƣ֣һʧ
˵ҶȻʵǸС֣޸նСֵĹĳ̶ȣ»ὫҶϳѧԺӢüͷһ壬ܵܵĶӣȻֻ֪ϣԼֶǰ;һ
ˣ»֪үмŪһ¾ۼһȺмѧҪԼ֣ɳһ£ܶԸǸС֡æ˵
ӢʱЦˣҶȻûʧżҵ˸ּҳҶ콾֮⣬ȫǷߡ
ūھȥ֪ͨүˡ˵
ţ˳Ҵȥ˵̺ʱּ档ӢЦ˵
˵ͷߵſڣȻת˵ˣʵɲصǸС֣콾ү츳ȻԳΪսǿߣʱ˭ð
ˣֻҪǸСֻţͲʹ졣ӢЦ
ٶԣ˳ӡ

峿ҶǳһȥϿΣǵȵҺȴֽͬѧһͬؿ
ţ
Ҷǳüͷһ壬ЩɻȺСô
Դչ¶ʵ֮ŰѧѾͬٳˡ
ԣٴοȺСҶǳһ˿ɻ
ߵԼλ󣬾Ͷʱˡ
Ϊ˿ĿϣڷһŰɫֽɺıʼдһЩ֡
Ҷǳ¿κһ·򵽲ٳԸ
ɺѪ֣Եúɱ
ҶǳɫʱʶʲôѧԺڸûеʲôˣԷôӢĺ֡
ûûˣҶǳߵ


12 
һҶǳŪмһǿѧ֯Լʮ֮࣬мû˸ǡ
İңżҼӣҲӢֶ
һϵڣҶǳ֪ԼĿΪʲôֽˣַʧܣûӢѡ֣ͣǱ䱾Ȼҳˡ
м಻ȳ࣬мŰ࣬ΪеĵһǿߣֱżҼӣνԶǶǼš
Ӣ˶Ը˵ѾΪӢждˣԷɱĲݡ
սʿ۷壬Ҿ˵һսʵַַԱġڲŶսʿ磬ժҲδĶ֡
ҶǳһΣһг˼
ֱֽӾͱӽͰҪһ·ȥٳǼֱΣŲַ顣
Ҫսʿ磬ҷôַϵõǰȻŬսʿ磬ֻˣҲаնԸҡҿ²ôʱ䣬ҪСˣУ԰ҵᡣ
Ҷǳ뵽
¿֮ڸϻ·ϣǳ˶ĵطߣҲĿ֮鷳
ȵҶǳٶϿεʱȴһȺ˶ڽſڡ
СӾҶǳͻȻȺ˵дһ
ţҶǳ㿴һ˫ϬĿ⳯ɨһųɫ۵꣬Լʮӣ÷ǳӢü֮ɢһư֮ɫ
Ҷǳ
ɫ۵ʮΧ˹վҶǳǰ߰ͷһ˫Įӣ϶µظ·ڿһֻϡ
ңҶǳߵýֺͷ룬ܹµԷݡҲ£ϾǹڳϣҲҰô
Ȼ֪ҵ֣㻹еҰȻһЦ·Լ־Ӧñ֪һӵҶǳͬһҶǳ˵Ϊʲôٳû͹ȥֽ𣿡
ˣӽͰһΪ˭ҵĵƤŪö磬û뵽дġò˵Ǽдĺܳ󣬿ĻϵҲôҶǳЦһ֮ɫ
ư֮ͲܸɫԼһˡ

󵨣
һû˵ԱĹǱȾŭغһָҶǳŭֻҪһ£Ǿͻ̶֡
ҲҶǳĻһӻư״˿̱ޱȣĿҶǳһһ˵Ҷǳѵһ£㻹֪
Ҫѵ˭
ڴʱһĽȴӺ洫
˲ɵתȥѩˣɷس
綼ʵսΣˣպÿҴ˶סҶǳһĻ
ʦ
ʦ
һֵŰ꣬ɵæǶѩǳη
ҿѩҲһ˿ɵǴûжٺ£ǺݺݵصһҶǳ˵ҶǳãֻҪ㻹ѧԺһ죬Ҿһҵģɡ
𣿿Ϊڶַ㡣Ҷǳߵ
м֮ɫַ㣿ַҲܹᲢۣ
˵գЦһһ£뿪ˡ
ѩ˹üͷ壬˵Ҷǳôˣʵɲܹġ
İɣʦԼᴦõġҶǳ˵ͷ˵
ѩһҶǳ漴ٶԡ
ʵսΣҶǳȻƴؼҵĵܵ˾޴ѹҪʵ
Ҷǳһ·Сسȥһ˶
Ҷǳǣûпҵˡ
ļ죬Ҷǳһֱ־裬Ҵ⣬ҵʼûг֣·
֣һﲻСɣҶǳüͷЩɻ
Ҫ˵һŹǼǲܵģ⼸죬ȷʵûκεĶ
ˣأֻҪٸҼ죬ҾаսսʿˣʱٷǰʵսʿڡҶǳ漴ҡҡͷٶ룬ʼר
ǼʱȥˣҶǳһϿΣһεĻϣ´ɺѩʦȻһˣеЩ⡣
ͬѧǣиϢҪߴҡ´ЦݵؿһŰѧ˵Ϊǵкܶ˶ﵽսʿ۷徳磬ԣΪǾͻƵսʿ磬ѧԺ쵼ǾҺʦȥʼ԰Χ
һԵѩ˵ʼ԰кܶǿޣΧֻһЩһսʿսʿޣǵʵԱ
ۣȥʼ԰ְ
ǰֻ˵ʼ԰֣˵ǹԵĵطû뵽ǾȻҲлȥ
һûɱޣýŶ

ǶʱȻҲ˸еš
ҶǳǳһĨЦݣ˲ͲµѧԺ߲Ŀġ
ЩŰȻ츳ǱϾͻСֻ֪ûмѪ֪սĲпᡣ
ԣѧԺ߲ŻᰲⳡΪıЩǳɳֻĻ䡣
ò˵ʼѧԺĽѧˮƽĺܸߣһȫ档
ãҲûޣȻַΣޱҪп׺࣬ǰʶһ£ҲкôҶǳ뵽вɵóڴ
ʼ԰ֵ磬һֱŽ

Ÿ
żΪּͬȼǿңۡռǳ¥ͥԺǳɡ
ʱŸڵһ԰Һվڴ˵أǰͷ׵ʻ
үǰѯһ£׼ʲôʱԸǸС֣˵
ǺǣǸûǳסż죿Ȼ͵ȲסˡԲɵҡͷЦ
ЦСֶ˷˵ĲˣֻҪһ죬˶ܰġ
ˣû˵֣ϾҴãԸС飬ҵȻ׵ġЦЦʵϣѾˡ
ŶЩɻ
ֻҪѵСһ٣ֽţҲóһСӾȻʶ࣬ûҷҵȻֻǽѵһ٣Ӧóʧϡ漴˵
һ㶣漴ǵүСӱϾǻʼѧԺѧҪɱǿ»ӰڻʼѧԺǰ;
ĺˣҲûôɵءЦѾǰյϢŰҪȥʼ԰⼸һֱûж֣ڵȴ졣
үڻʼ԰ж֣ʱ壬û뵽ǰʮ꣬Ȼȿµ˼治Ǵš
Цʶһӵܣ֪һͨʼ԰ֵܵʱһᰲһսʿ˽ȥɱǸСӡڻʼ԰ֵУ֪˭֪ôģ
үӢæ˸ƨ


13 ԰ɱ
峿Ҷǳ۾˫Ŀ֮о˸ʱ˶Եòͬ졣
ܺãҸоսʿ粻ԶˣǽͻƣͻƣҲᳬ졣ҶǳһԼ϶ʱһ˿ŵЦݡ
ַ㵽ڣѾȥһˣڸоԼҪͻƵսʿˡ
ǽҪǰȥʼ԰֣ҶǳҪˣֱӴڼսʿ硣
ˣҲһ죬ѵлʼ԰֣Ժĺûᡣ
Ҷǳ뵽
漴Թ緹Žȥ
ſڣѾվһȺˣһ˷ܡҶǳҡҡͷܺǰϿζûô磬һȥʼ԰֣˭
ƺ´ɺѩҲ֪ǷǳԽ춼ıȽ硣
ȻˣǾͳɡ´ɴһӣѩһ𣬴һˣУ԰ȥ
ҶǳʼѧԺķֵĽֵ̾ѧԺҲˣûгȥ
˵֮󣬾һֱָѧԺڣûҲûмʶķ顣
ⲢҶǳȥתתӢвâ̱вʵڲ̤ѧԺһȴľ
Ӣ
Ҷǳһ䣬ս˫ȭҧ
Դ֮󣬾һֱŮ˵Ӱ֮£Ƶòƴ
һ죬Ҫվ۷壬Ϊս½ǿߡҶǳаģǿʳǿΪ磬ֻгΪǿߣӵɣܱԼ˺ѡ
أ
ͻȻһ̶޺
ҶǳʱѣǰȥֲԶĽֵϣһ޴ĺжٶȷɳ죬ͬһ磬Ѹٳǰ
׼ȷ˵ⲻһΪĲһͷһֻֻͷĹޣͿȴеȮȫѪɫۼס
ֻȻҶǳоԼͺһֻϣӶԷϴǿɷ嶼̲סЩ
찡ѪħͷȮмޣʵһս
û뵽ǾȻԳĺ޳
ʼѧԺǲһһСѧԺûʱ

Χǵľ
ҶǳϾŽ粻£ۼʶȻЩСǡ
´ɴȵ޳ȥ׼޳㹻ʮˡ
ʻ޳չǡѩ˫һţѪħͷȮϣеĳ޺ݺһӣѪħͷȮʱһǰܶȥͬһƵġ
ҪǷڵϣǳʻҶǳûȣڸۿΪٶ̫죬ӭ洵쫷ͷɲǰĺûвӵ硣
ǵˣ
ûã޳Ȼֹͣڵһ
͵ˣ
Ҷǳа̾ٶҲ̫ˣ֪ʼѧԺʼ԰һٶŲʮӣȻѾˡ
½³ǰȥǰһӴɭ֣·һƬɫĺΪľߴڵ⣬ԵЩʱشһ޺˵սľ
ǻʼ԰֡
´ָŻʼ԰һߴ˿˵סǽȥ֮˿ԲܴȥΪǻʼ԰ֵڲˣм޳ûڿԿģĿǰҲֻڻʼ԰ֵΧ
˽ǵͷǿɲǰ׳գѰ·
ս½ҲΪȼֱǳޡмޡ߼ޣ޻ʡʥ޺ޣÿһͬҲΪǡʵսʿĵȼֲ࣬и߼ֱΪΪſսʵ
Ҳһοˣڰʱϣÿ˶ܴһֻǳ޵ȡѩ˵
û⣡
С˼
ʦһ񡣡

Ǹ˵Ӧһֱǽʳûоп֪ʼ԰ΣգԵúɡ
ǾףǺˣѩǸһĨЦϣȺеĻ䣬²Ҫܳ

ǻԼеıǰĻʼ԰֣һӵȥ
ҶǳҲУûдκϾûѧʲôͽֻһժ֡
ѩ˵ȺܺӲɣһԵĺ´ɣǰȺԶȥǣϸһ˿֮ɫ
ѩߵĺˣѾѧԺ߲ǰȥһˣΧǳ޸ϵ԰ڲȥˣʣµûж٣ЩһǡǵĳޣܺӲκεв
ǾͺãܺӶӵܣǳԴ壬κһ⣬ǶԲ˶ߡ´ɸ̾
⵨Ӳ֪ôսġѩмؿһۡ
´ڨڨһЦ

ʼ԰֡
Ⱥǽ֮еǽͬУеǶ뿪ҶǳȻǶ뿪һ򣬱㳯ǰжȥ
һ·ϣҶǳҲ˲һǼĳޣöǳȵϵϻʨӻҪ£ʵҲǿöࡣ
ҶǳŶսʿ۷Ϊټսժ֣ɱЩͼǳɡ
Ҷǳһ·Уһ޴ٲǰǰΰٲжʱо󷢣̲סХһ
СӣйûУйˣ׼ɡ
ͻȻһ
Ҷǳ˲亹ëȻ˲֪󣬵Ѹתͷسź濴ȥ
һʮ߰ӣһɫۣ˫ȭأضҶǳǴһĨЦݣĿӣͬڿһˡ
˭ΪҪɱңҶǳȵʵУѾµˡ
Žʼ԰ûãȻһ·βȲҪɱӢ˭
ֻǣҶǳ벻ǣӢ־Ȼ쵽ʼ԰
Ҫ֪ûҸ߲ûʸʼ԰ֵġ
СӣҲ޷Ҳ·ӡ꼥ЦͬһֻèҶǳϷŰɱҶǳ
Ҷǳźٲ¿һۣɵҡͷЦԼǵùȻֵܵط·ûˡ
ҽǿǷүɱģ˭СӲۣȻǼүǿЦһҶǳ
ҡѹһûʲôԭ׼͵ҽʼ԰ˡҶǳҧ⡣
óǰǿʵҶҪǿһλ߼սʿ
ʵժ֣ҲǶ֣Ͼ̫ˡ
ˣСӣ׼ɡǻ±ӣǵĹۣҪ㲻ܵˡǿһһȭҶǳ
ҶǳһԷȭͷ̺֮Ļս֪ԷԼڿԿģҧҧתźȥһͷ޾ĺˮ֮С
ʲô
ǿһȴֹæܵǰȴֻҶǳٲĺˮߣҲ֪嵽ȥˡ


14 
ɶ񣡡
ǿļĺˮɵɫǳѿ
ҵǽɱҶǳɱɲ˵˵ģôҶǳԴȥ
ڣҶǳˮߣ˭֪嵽ȥˡ
Ȼˮͳ̶ȣȥδܹСкܴļʻС
Ҳʬ壬ͲȷǷ޷ȥ
ǿǳҵֶΣżүͺСĺҪû񣬹ƲҲò˶١
սʿΪɱŶսʿСӣӦޱȣû뵽⣬ǿɺްǿһŭ֮ɫ
漴ٲʼѰҶǳġʬ塯ҲҶǳ޷ȥ

ʱҶǳ͵ĺˮδ֪ķ
ҶǳûڽҪ䵽ˮʱһժ֣ŷԼٶȣȻսסԼҪĲλԼ͡
ԣҶǳˮֻ֮Щ࣬ûܵ˺
ٲ̫Ӵˣ͵ĺˮǰֻͣαЩˮ塣
ң
Ҷǳҧɱ⣺ǽδձضȡ㹷
ҶǳŭڣЩ˴ĻǵҪɱȻҪһҪ
䣡
ǰһʯҶǳһӾײȥǿѪٶźˮǰȥ
һ鶼аӵ׵ҵľʯҶǳһײ߰˴ΣƲأϵĹͷ֪˶١
Ҷǳֱӻ˹ȥ

磬յա
Ҷǳӻ֮ѵ̧ͷΧȥԼһյʯ֮УΧûκεΣգʱ˿
ǺķֲڣһʯҶǳãźˮȥ㲻ײҲᱻ
ߣ
Ҷǳƺһžҵʹϥʼתսս޸Լϵơ
ЩңսܹˣͬʱҲܹ޸ƣĻڵƣ˵ûΣգҲɡ
ԼһʱҶǳԼϵĹ۲λѪ˿ҲֹѪˣֻһЩĹͷһʹֻսʱѹš
ʱҶǳѾվߵܿ˿鿴ȥĵ·
ʯײӰߺܸߣʮɣûˣƾսȥˣһӣûȥ
ֻڴ˵ػָˣֻǲ֪֮ǰûиϻȥʦǻ᲻ң
Ҷǳ̾
ˮĺԶҲ֪嵽ѩͺ´δܹҵ
ʱ򣬹ͱһˡ
Ҷǳʰһ飬ʼʯڲȥҪȷǷΣգʱһֻޣˡ
ڵһЩ޶ܹɱ
ףʯôΪĺۼȻҶǳԱߵľʯ棬һƱĺۼ
һ˿棬Ҷǳʯȥ
֣Χûκεķ϶ʯȴһɵĹâͨ
Ҷǳ΢Ĺâʯ档
ʯ棬ȻһЩʯʯӣһŰʯҶǳе档
ʣ˾ס
ĳλǰֻǲ֪뿪˶ãϵĻҳƺܾûл˰ɡ
Ҷǳ뵽
Ȼûˣͷˣʱסָơ
£Ҷǳʯ׼ָơ
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еСŮ˯һűϣΪ֪ŰʯûЧ
ҶǳͻȻ뵽ǰڵϿһӾ硣
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Ǻñܹһֱʯ˵Ÿڽսʿ磬̤һս綼û⡣
Ҷǳ۾˷ܡ
ΪıƶѾ˴룬ЩĹͷҲս£޸á
ңսʿڣҶǳʵҲࡣ
ʱֻҪսʿϵǿߣƾժ֣ԺС
ߣңţѩɭ֮Уһ㸶۵ġҶǳҧҧ뵽
мŰĵһǿߣʱ϶ΪѩɭʮǿеһôǾпѩɭʱͿԳֱѩˡ
ʱ䣬Ҫˡ
Ҷǳ漴վķ˼Сʱʱ䣬Ҫˡ
ûȥˣȻĻûʦǣҿº뿪ʼ԰֡ҪǱʼ԰ֵ˸ˣΪǴ̿ͣǾˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
漴ǰİʯЩᣬȴܹߡ
һöүүĿռָͺˡҶǳʱ޸öռָ֮жʱǳĽ


15 յϢ
һ۰ʯҶǳдǿҵĲۣʯȥ
ϧôһȴûȥ
ǻʼ԰֣Χоһܳȥ
ϧû޸öռָ
ԺҵõһöռָһҪ취һˡҶǳ뵽Ĳ
ǿŰʯôٶȿ϶ӿ࣬Ҿﵽս磬Űʯô
ϧһöռָ̫ˣЩǿľսҲӵһöռָ
ǣܹʸӵöռָˣƶָ
ৣ
ԭ·أҶǳսõ˫ţʱɣ࣬߸Ծ̤ʯڣͬһֻܣѸԾ˺Ӱϡ
վڰߣҶǳתʯȥʯǳΣȻ˾档
ѹŰʯôöû˸֡Ҷǳϸһ˿ϲɫ
лõŰʯ
£ҶǳطԺУԺǵõ˿ռָ취ˣŰʯ
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úǰһƬ˿жʱһ
ұǺˮ嵽ʼ԰ڲˣûЩǿмޣȻˡҶǳʱһ¡
𣡡
ڴʱҶǳԶһ޺𣬲ɵһ˵ʲôʲô
ǿ㲻мޣҲ൱ڸ߼սʿޡҶǳ뵽漴޺ķȥ
һʱһ
ΪһϤӰֻǿ޼Ҳɱš
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һȻźӰҵ˻ʼ԰ֵڲҶҵɱķǳǿңɱңĲݰҶǳжʱɱ⡣
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뵽ҶǳеɱԽԽǿң΢΢˼Ƭ̣СسǰǱйȥ
ֻ޺ǿòʤʵ࣬ǳû͵ϮһǿԻΣҶǳ뵽
֮ǰǿƵ£ˣҶǳȻҪѩޡ
ңĺûᣬҶǳô
ɶ񣬲ܺپȥˣ춼ˣʱ޷뿪ʼ԰֣Ǿˡǿһǰ޼Ҳɱһߵİ취
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һ̣һǿݺݵغϡ
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ۣǿʱҺһһѪ
ǲǿǰֻ޿ûʲôʿȣǿǷ͵Ϯֱһצ˹ǿϵ߹Ƕʮǿ嶼ɳȥٶѪ
С㣡ǿʱҲ͵ϮҶǳʱ۾һɣŭӡ
û뵽ҶǳȻţҺʵˣ˵͵Ϯһλսʿ
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ɭֵǶţÿ˵϶һЩˣӷǳǱȻڵһβпս֮ж˲ٿͷ
Щ꣬Ҳû֮ǰּˣһͷɥ˳
һˣûɱһֻսʿޣǿ֣Ǳܳġ
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ţҶǳҲʧ𣿡ѩһ۾ͿȺиӺܸߵҶǳʱüͷ֪ҶǳʵɱһǳӦ÷ǳײŶԣôֶ飿
Բʦ·϶ӶҸųˡҶǳЩε˵ܸܲѩ׷ɱֻѾˮˡ
Ȳ˵ѩǷ⻰ţҲǣһλҵĸ߲㣬ҶǳɲٵһˣԷҵĸ߲㣬ʱǶڻʼѧԺ棬ƶӲ
·ϣѾˣʼ԰ǽأҺӢûһλҸ߲ͨڣǲܽǿͽġ
λҸ߲ĵλҪɱҶǳףûҪô
ԣҶǳжϣλҵĸ߲Լκε⣬ֻǿżҵϣ΢ҺӢһСæ
һҶǳȻλҵĸ߲㣬Լɱ֮
ˣˣǸûȥˡ´ɵ
ѩһҶǳ漴ת뿪ȻҶǳĹӶɭеĵͼ޶ǣõŰԼƷԵ
һˣ޳ʼʼѧԺ

ʱʼѧԺſڶһҾ¥УվˣһŮеҺŮĺȻּҵĸӢ
Ҷʱ䣬ҲӦÿˡǿôûлѵʧ𣿡ŴϦ£Ӣɵüͷ
ãͷİɣǿսʿôʧ֣ЦǺ˵ǻʼ԰ҲȥΣΧҲǳ޴ҪһˣǺסǿ˺ܾãҵСӣһġ
ǰˣǿսʿٶȣһʱ䣬㹻ѻʼ԰ΧתһȦˣС־ӲһԵҲͷ˵
ӢҲеʱƽĿ⳯ŴʼѧԺſڿȥ
ԶһƬȴһ޳ʻͣʼѧԺĴſڴ
ˣҶʱվߵԱߣʼѧԺĴſڣӢЦ˵ã㿴ɣСӾԲ֣֣Ҳֻһͷʬ塣
ҪлҶˣɰýͷ֮ԺȥѧԺһ콾úչ㡣ӢʱЦ˵
ǺǣѾþûм콾ˣЩЦ˵ֻЦݣܿˡ
ͬʱһԵӢҲЦ̣漴ɫҲѿ
ΪǵУҶǳش޳һŰѧʼѧԺ


16 ̤
Ҷǳû
ǰʵͬһƣݺݵҵϡ
ôܻţ־ŭɫǳѿղӢƱأһת۾ͿҶǳ޳ˡ
Ӣɫѿҧ˵ǿսʿСôӵ
᲻ǿûҵС֣һԵ˵Լ⻰
ܣҡҡͷ˵ʼ԰ΧôСֻһսʿܹ߶ԶǿսʿҪҵֱ׾١
ǿأûҲӦû˲ŶԣӢ
ٵȵȿʼ԰Ҫرˣǿóѯʿʲôԭ򡣡ҧ˵кǿȻС¶첻ˣӢǰ󣬴һҪ˫˫š
ǣǵ˺ܾãֻһʼ
ʼԱߣɨһˣ漴ҵǿûгĴѾ˹ر˻ʼ԰֣صС֪ͨү
ʲôɫһ䣬ɵվ𾪡
СĻѾȸˡʼҴȥ
ֻɫѿҺӢ
ӢҧɭСɱǿôܣ
һսʿɱһսʿսתҲõҡҡͷѸ侲ʼ԰һЩǿޣСӲ֪ܵڲǿҲ˽ȥȻ⣬ֿԺܴ󡣡
СӾĺܣǰǿ׷ɱǺпܵʼ԰ڲȥ˵ͷ˵
СôãӢ
ģȻСôã´ҾԶ֡ҳ
ҶҿɲΪСӶǰ;㱻ʼѧԺȥô޷ѧԺˡӢæ˵
Ц˵ģûȫ֮ߣҲԶֵġʱҪȴһ£һûᣬıһ¡
ãþ͵ĺϢˡӢ˵ͷ漴Ҵȥ
תͷʼѧԺĴſڣɫЦҶǳû뵽ôãûϵ´Գ֣Ƿĺ
˵գҲ뿪˾¥

ӻʼ԰ֻҶǳٴν뼫֮УÿĻ֮⣬ʱ˼ϡ
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˵𣿡Ű࣬һѧͻȻΧͬѧ˵мı˵ˣٹ¾Ҫһʮǿѡ˵ǰʮܹѩɭ֮һ¡
ԭ˵ѩɭⲻмϹÿ·ݣҪһΣʲôôСֵġԱиͬѧм
ߣѩɭ֮кܶޣʱұץһ棬Ľɣ˺ߵ
ԶҶǳջĿ⣬΢΢˼
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ѩҶǳɵЦҶǳʲô𣿡
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ˣȻҪͻƣǾͻȥɣʦǰף̤սʿˡ´ɶҶǳ˵
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ҲвѵĿ԰ɡѩҲ̾

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ڳŵĻսҶǳ̲ס𣬷йе˷ܺͼ
ˣˡ
£ʹһˣΪһսʿ
ҪǴ˳ȥԻᱻΪ漣ǡ
үڴʲôóˣСԹ⴫
Ҷǳʱһ㶣漴ϦɫȻһ䣺ˣѩɭʮǿѡˣȻͻˣǻûбμӡ
գҶǳæٶȻ·Ȼͳ޸ոԺİ칫Ѹȥ
ү㻹ûгԷأСںһغ
ȳ԰ɣҵٻԣҶǳͷҲص˵ս߶˼ޣٱܡ
ϣүүû뿪칫ңҶǳЩ
ڣڴϢܵ޸ոԺİ칫ǰʱ޸غţ׼뿪ͻȻҶǳɵ¶֮ɫ
СӣǱ׷ôʲô޸ЦȻ´򿪰칫ңҶǳ
Ҷǳһæ˵үүҳΪսʿˣұμѩɭʮǿѡ
Ϊսʿˣ޸Դһ漴оⱬҶǳȥ
Ƭ̣޸ɫһ䣬𾪵СôģȻĳΪսʿ
вɵó𺳣ǳҶǳӢϵΪȴڶ̶ڣ̤սʿ磬ֱ漣
үү㻹ǸϽұɣȻҾûμѩɭֵʮǿѡˡҶǳż
޸ݸһЦЦС㼱ʲôȻΪսʿ㱨׾٣ͷİɡ
лүүҶǳʱ˵


17 ʮǿ֮
޸ʼѧԺĸԺȨѩɭֵʮǿѡ߾֮һ԰Ҷǳ׾ٵ顣
ˣ޸ջҶǳмŰ࣬ǺܶĻᡣ
ЩŰѧһмҲֻֻܽͨ࣬ٴαֳ˵츳ܹŰࡣ
ⶼ޸һ仰飬ҶǳչˣǷǳˡ
Щ֮޸տҶǳ̾Сӵ츳Ȼ㱻ϵΪܹô𡣿ϧְǼһ飬ȻĻּҳһ콾ټ㣬ôԽҾָտɴˡ
콾
֣ͬһ磬ҶǳԺ
Ҷǳжʱһ˿âһ죬ȥѧԺֻˣӢ֪ӶսǣȻҲֻǸ
գҶǳЦ˵ҪлүүȻҲô졣
ɣֻһսʿ磬СӾ͸Һưɡ޸Ц
ǺǣҶǳٺЦš
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Ҷǳصᣬ㿪ʼսȹԼսʿΪ
һǵڳսʿǵмսʿǵڸ߼սʿ
ԣһǵ֮ĲಢһЩ츳õģѧϰǿսܹɵԽս
ǵǣͺܴˡ
ַսʿ󣬾͸ɱҶǳˡ
ϧû뵽Ҷǳӵһսժ֣ڱˡ
ҶǳʱоԼڵս֮ǰǿʮֹսʩչժսôͻ֮ǰǿ౶
ڵʵսʿҲڻ£սʿ۷弶Ҳδػ䣬ʮǿһҶǳţѩɭʮǿѡ־ڱصá
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ںϻ֣ǷΣգҶǳȻҲǵˣûеѡܳΪʦûиˣ츳ٸߣҲڶʱ׷콾
Ҫ֪콾ּںȫ࣬СͿʼΪս֮и߼ĵҩټڵõҶǳսǣʵĵȻˡ
ң콾ѧԺµ۹ս½۹֮һѧԺս½õѧԺ֮һʦսǵĽѧ֪
ܹѧԺҾͻ콾ˣұҪʵΪʦǱؾ֮·
Ҷǳг˼ᶨ֮ɫ
ںϻֵΣպܴҲҪƴһΣȻĻ˵ѩˣ콾ɱпܡ
콾սǣս𣬲ǲܡ
һ콾ǰս磬ôӢĶ񶾣ҶǳɣʱʼѧԺҲ
뵽Ҷǳб˼ᶨ֮ɫҧ뵽ںϻжôΣգҶҪһԣ˱һҲȱӢҪá
һҹʱ䣬Ҷǳ֮УȻš
峿Ҷǳ͵۾ڵһâӴһԾչһ壬оȫ¶
ҴҳԹ緹Ҷǳ㳯мĽѧ¥ȥһ·Ͽ˲ѧǳģмģ̸ѩɭֵʮǿѡ
·ݣֵһ飬ѧԺڹע
ҶǳϵмŰʱ༶˶ѾˣֻʦûеˣɼѧǶǳڴѩɭֵʮǿѡ
һôˣڣҿſڵҶǳͫײɵһ㵡
ҶǳʱҲ˽ŵңɱһţ΢΢𣬸һĨЦ
ߣҶǳĿһһֻ֣ҶǳһĨӵƣɫЦš
ҶǳԴһЦᡣ
ͬѧǡʱŰ񴺻ʦ˽һͬѧЦ˵飬һǵҪеѩɭʮǿѡڵڶ£ǾŰһλͬѧҪˣҶǳҶͬѧҹƻӭ
Ż£񴺻Ҷǳ˹ܸһŰѧ
ʱһҵ洫쳹ҡ
ó񴺻໹Ǻϵģһ£ͬѧǶˡ
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ҵɴ۾ŵؿŽ̨ԱߵҶǳ𾪵ͬѧһһ̤սʿôܣ
Ȼ֪ҶǳӢȥսǣȴ֪ҶǳӢϵһΪǰһսʿΪûС
ŶãȻѾ̤뵽սʿ磬һмŰ࣬Ҳ̫˰ɣֱš
ҶǳȥһǸλȥɡ񴺻漴˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ԼλȥĿƳҵλãǴһ˿ЦúߵɫЩѿ
Ҫַ侲Ķ࣬Ȼг˾ɣû񵱳ֱַӾվָҶǳûʸŰࡣ
ĳǸҪ֪ܶ࣬ı󶯣û˽һ֮ǰǲݾߡ
Ҫ֣ͻϴڻʼ԰һɱҶǳûзء
ؿһҶǳջĿ⣬˳˼
̨ϵ񴺻ٶȶһѧ˵ģ˵һ˵ѩɭֵʮǿѡ˼壬ѡֻѡʮǿߣȻǽѩɭ֣Ϊһµ
ͬѧǣǳţǳȤ
񴺻˵ѡŰ˲μӣͨѧҲʸμӣεľǳңҪ˼׼
ͨࣿһѣùŰࣿ
ʮһŰġ
ͨķʱ뿪

ŰѧмΪŰһԱȻҲԼİϾǴ˵ӱš
񴺻̧ƣ鰴һ£ˣҪҪ˵һ˵ѡĹأǶϸ㡣
ԣʱңһƬѻȸ
񴺻״˵ͷ漴˵ѡһ죬һĳΪңΪҪѡǰһѧõ̭ƣǶҪ׼Ҫڳʧ֡ڶǾʱ򣬾ɽѡǰһѧΪʮС飬ȻѡÿСǿߣǱǰʮǿ
ʦİɣǰʮǿһŰġ̨¶ʱѧ
񴺻΢΢Цϣ˰ɣĻǵеһЩˣҪϳŰࡣԣ㲻ܽǰʮǿҲҪŬ֣ȻϳŰ࣬ǾͶˡ
ԣʱɫһɫࡣ


18 һ
񴺻˵꣬һŰѧԱǰٳ
ʱٳѾ̨Χ۵ѧֱɽ˺
ڲٳǰĸ̨ϣѧԺһλλ߲㣬Ҷǳп޸ոԺ
޸ҲȺеҶǳɵ¶Цݣ˵ͷ
ٳϣмʮѧۼһӣһǧˡ
ʵŰ٣ֻʮ⣬ľŸͨ࣬ÿһٶһٶˡ
ʮҲһǧˡ
һǧ˵ѡһˣ˵ÿһˣҪʮһսҪʮսʤС
ԣѶȣ֪
ͬѧǡ
мѧ֮쵼ʱˡ
˵ĶһЩĻѧǶЩͷˣ˵ѡĽʱһ˶ʱɴ۾䣬š
ѡĽǳֻҪǰʮǿÿһˣܽһһλʼѧԺĸԺ˵
ŵҶǳʱ۾һ
ѧǣҲ˷ܵĻļֵ˭меı˭Ҫ
ңһҲֻܵõѣ⻹ΪżҼӣ١
ȻвķݶǼӵڶ࣬ÿܹõҲͷǳǳˡ
ԣʮǿĽһ֮󣬾Ĵү̲סĶˣг˷ܡ
ѧƵڶûùȻҲ͸Ӽ˷ˡ
һҽսʿڣǺڣһڽѩɭ֮ǰʵܹܶˡ
Ҷǳг˷ܡ
ʵܹǿȻģĿǰʮǿûĽҪǰʮǿ
⽱ǾǽֶΪأ
ˣϹأǩֺ̨ԼʦǩɣһʼѧԺĸ߲ȵ
սļӳ£ǳٳѹе
һмѧǣʱԹԵܵԵʦǰǩȻԼ鵽ǩԼ̨׼ս
̨93š
Ҷǳһеֽ漴ڴ̨ȥ
ٳһʮ̨ÿ̨ѡʮˣһˡ
Ҷǳ̨ܿԱߣѾΧˣвμѡмѧйսĳѧ
ʱ̨Ѿмѧսˣ˴úܼҡ
಻ͬмѧǿսҲӻԶѧϰ˲ֹһսͷǳˣΧս˾ϡ
Ƭ̺һѧսһЩȡʤ
93ţ25ţ³֮󣬲ʦһеıʼǱ漴˵
Ҷǳһ93ǴȺ̨
һͲСˣȻмࣿ˭˭ʶ˿Ҷǳ̨ʱ¶˾֮ɫ
мʮ꣬Ҷǳʮ꣬ӦǸ߼ѧŶԡ
츳̫ɣ㿴ôˣȴֻսʿΪ˵
һŰѧȴϳҶǳɵþҶǳ컹ǳŰѧȻм࣬찡̫˼ˡ
ʲô˼ģ컹ǳģһһͶȥ𣿾ȻŸոм࣬츳ҲǲĿ԰ȻܹǻʼѧԺ˭ߵĺţимѧм
Ͽɣ̤սʿ磬μѡֱǶۡ˳
һмŰѧϳҶǳϾ֮ǰ񴺻ŽܸǵģʱΧǵ̸ʱһ
ǿ»֪ҶǳŰˣղ񴺻ʦŸǽˣ˵ġмŰѧ漴˵
Χԣʱŵؿ̨ϵҶǳ
ʮˣǿﵽսʿ磬ȻܹмŰࣿ
⵽˭ĺţҲ̫˰ɣֱĿŵ˽װҪ顣мͨѧʱŭ֮ɫ
ΧͨѧҲΪԼʵ츳ҶǳԶԶǿûҶǳŰ࣬ȴͨࣿ
ߣ
ҶǳһЩ˵ܴվ̨ϣҲܹõ
ĶѾֻ̨̤ܽŭʱѹĿŶĶ֡
25һ꣬ɫ㣬Ŀ࣬һ֪³˱Ե
ҽգսʿղǵ̸ҲˣȻͱҴ󣬵ֻսʿ磬ǸողŽսʿ磬Ȱ㻹ǸϽͶɣ˷ҵʱ䡣ŶҶǳǳһĨмЦ
˲󣬷ϻ٣Ҷǳߵ
ԣɫʱһ䣬Ҳ֮ϸһĨСӣǾͱҲˡ
˵գһȭҶǳսһٱȭͷһâɢһɺ˵ơ
ЦңǸսʿȻŭգҲҪˡ
ߣַȻҲܹŰֱࣿǸʼѧԺĨڣһȭ
Ͻɣ

̨´һ󳰷ͼЦ
ҶǳȫЩԴսԼĹΧ󣬶ʱʩչժ֡
һֻƣɢâǳĴۣɱסյȭͷȻһա

յĲҺ漴˵˿ղűҶǳסȭͷѾͨһƬֱ¶Ѫڲѡ
Ҷǳһƻ˲ֱֻ۾Ҫϵˡ
㡭۵öͷðҧ𾪵ؿŶҶǳôҲ޷ţǰսʿȻܹӵôǿ
ɣҲˡҶǳ˵ԷǰĻﻹ˶Է
ҧһ˿ŭ뵽ղҶǳһƣʱйˡ

̨£һ˿ձҶǳһܣʱˣһѣš
ǰЩҶǳˣ˿̶ɫǺ죬ͬ˴һƵġ
ȻҲҧ˵ߣֻǽʤһѣܹԽսҲֻǿĳǿսϾôˣѧϰʲôǿսҲ˵
ΧûжٸϾܹʼѧԺ˶ɵӣܴ
ҶǳҶǳգûкķѶһܣǳɡ
⻹Ҷǳսʿ£һսʿΪôѡʮǿ֮λȻһ
Ҷǳһս츳ôᵽڲŽﵽսʿ磿
вɻ
ʣҶǳһսչ¶ǿս츳˵ĳЦɹС


19 սʤ
˶֣Ҷǳ̨ȺжʱԶÿһ·һЩ˿Ŀ⣬һ˿η
һǿΪ磬ҶǳչֳǿʵȻ˾η
һЩﵽսʿмѧȴûжټɵֻ΢΢һҶǳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ͼսʿսʿ磬ǿɲΪҶǳܹԽǣǸʵ
Сӣû뵽ȻܹգҲʸŰࡣϧİʮǿѡ·Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
ڴʱһ̶ЦҶǳС
Ҷǳתͷȥ΢΢¶֮ɫΪ˵һߺС꣬û뵽м໹кһ͵ѧ
Сӣ㲻Ҫᣬҽʮֻ꣬ĸߴˡߵ
ҶǳЦж
ңͻˣסҵ֡ǿΪһʹ䡣ǿ߰ͷǰҶǳг˲м֮ɫ
ԭǿŰһǿߣѾﵽսʿ磬ʵǰһ٣ǰʮ
˵ĸҿء
ҶǳȻֱҿмŰǿߣ˵Լʵе£вǿߡ

ΧʱһƬ
ǿΧЩ𾪵Դ̧øˣü֮˰ȫһҶǳơ
ҶǳһЦ˵һס֣ΪҳΪǰʮǿ̤ʯ
˵գҶǳ뿪˵أ˸طʼָս
ʩչժ̫ķսˣȻֻǷһҲķ˲սܹʱָսܲ
Ͼһѡֻһսǽʮೡ
ҶǳȻʵǿ󣬵ΪŸոմﵽսʿ磬Щսʿսʿս˺ܶ࣬ڳ־ս
ʮǿ
ǿҶǳȥıӰƾ㣬Ҳʮǿΰɣ
Ҷǳָսʱϵĳ͸ŨˣսһҪָսʵǰʮǿֱǸЦ
ĳҶǳûᣬָս
ʱ̨ϣһԶѧֿʼսˡʤЦݺ͵⣬ʧһͺϵ뿪̨˻ϲǳ
úٴֵҶǳˣεĶһսʿԷ֮ǰҲҶǳս֪ԼҶǳĶ֣Ծֱˡ
Ҷǳûж֣ȡһʤ
Ҷǳֳս˼ֲսʿսʿȫĶ֣һһܡ
ʤҶǳ𽥳Ϊ̨ҫ۵ļ֮һˣϾֻսʿΪȻܹʤôೡȻעĿˡ
һȻӮˣѾǵ߳˰ɣ
ǰĳܹǰǿˡ
ĿǰΪֹǰǿսʿ۷ǿߣһսʿȻԽǰǿֱ˼飡

Ҷǳһλ̨֣ܶΧĹǣɵٴξ
ڣЩսʿҶǳĿҲһ˿֮ɫˡ
һǿҶǳٴλ֣ܶɵɫһɫ࣬ڲСҶǳˡ
93ţ33ţú󣬲ʦΧž漴һƬڡ
93Ҷǳ33ţǿ
ˣڶ̨ʵǿļ֮һǵĶԾȻעĿ˶ȫעĿǵӰ
Сӣʤ֮·ΪֹǿһЦǿս˫һŵ棬˶ʱԾ˸ߴ̨
ͬǣҶǳ̨ĿŶǿ˵֮ǰ˵ˣ㲢ͨǰʮǿ̤ʯͨǰǿ̤ʯ

Բѣ
ǿԣʱͨ죬˴һֱӳҶǳɱ˹˫ȭһµΧ𾪡
ǻƼսײȭȻǴﵽ˴ɾ𣿡
˵ײȭҪıǿӵҲѹܹսɾ硣
ȻײȭֻǻƼսǿ˴ɾ磬Ҳӽսˡ
ǿǰʮǿʵҶǳαذɣ䶨ˡ

̨£ʱһۺ;
ǿһ߳ҶǳһЦСӣҵײȭ֮£Ҳҡ
ӮٵɣҶǳЦ
ˣҶǳɫȴΪǿǴɾײȭȷǿҶǳʶǿһսˣȵַҪǿöࡣ
ַȻҲ˻ƼսֻһƤëѣСɾ綼ṳ̂룬˵Ǵɾˡ
սҲܹ⿴ȼʱҲҪľ硣
ǿսֻһƤëҲӲ
ñҶǳժսһﵽ۷徳磬ժϵǡڣҶǳȻûֲֿʵԭŽժֵĵһ㡣
꣡
˼ת֮䣬ǿѾǰǿȭƽҶǳ˶Уȭǳ˱󷢺
ժ֣
ҶǳͺһѾۻõսһȫУǰǿȥ
ڻս֧£ҶǳֻõâͬǾۼһԵƲ
ߣ
ǿһȴǶҶǳժֲмһˣԼײȭģϾѾײȭ˴ɾ硣
οһսʿҶǳһսʿѡ
һȭܺСӡǿмؿŶҶǳ¶̵ЦݣյҵкҪݺݽѵһҶǳ
ȻǿȭͷҶǳƺϵЦݶʱˣҲ޵֮ɫеֻһĨֺͲš
̫ǿˣ
Ҷǳ洫ǿеֿ֣µôһսʿܹģսʿҲС
䣡
˫սײȭƽһص졣
ţ̨µĹǱ㿴ǿɳȥѪݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ΪǿսʿʵǿҶǳʩչժ֣Ҳû飬ȫ֣Ȼ޴
һ֮£ǿܵشɫʱҰ࣬һŵصҶǳŭôܣô
ΪǷšҶǳЦѾǿ˹ȥٶʩչժ֣ǿ̨
̨ͣǿٴһѪгԹͲʣҶǳ⣬ǰŹġ
˵գ˹ȥ̧ҽҡ
ʱΧ˼žһļž
˶𾪵ؿ̨ϵҶǳг𺳺;һ˼飬·𿴵һ漣ĵ
Ҳȷһ漣
ΪʼѧԺʷϣҲٳսʿսʿĳοǿսʿҲһǿߡ


20 ǰǿ
93ʤ
ǿ̧ҽңʦҲ֮лָŵؿ̨ϵҶǳһۣ漴ȵ
Ųʦ̨һڹսѧǣҲˣֻǵڿ̨ҶǳʱȻ֮ɫ
мǼսʿڿҶǳĿʱҲغͼɵҲû֮ǰˡ
ΪǿʵԿ̨ŵǰ
ȻǿߣȴҶǳˣƺֻһУǳɡ
ҶǳֻսʿΪЩսʿҲСˣʼҶǳӰμУԼҪһ֡
ͬʱҶǳ֣Ҳʼ֮䴫鿪
սʿΪӵսʿΪǿҶǳһսóмѧμס
һЩʦеǳԾͲ˼顣
ҶǳԴ˲ûΪζԸǿȫʹժ֣ҽʩչժ֣ķһս
ΪڵΪһʩչժ֣ԶԸ۷弶ǿߡڿҵʵֻǿ൱սʿڣսʿ۷ǿߵĶ֡
Ҷǳ˼һ߻ָսһ߻֮ǰսȡ顣
ԭ򣬳Ϊ̫һ㣬ҵժֲһ㡣Ҷǳǻۺܸߣܿ뵽ԭ
ժֵӦôϾս
ժһΪ㣬Ҷǳֻһѡ
ҶǳڲһڣϾԴɵһժ֮󣬾Ҳûժˣǰʱ䶼ս档
⣬ԺܽˡҶǳ뵽
Ȼ֪ڣǶҶǳ˵ΪҪϾ֮ǰûдﵽսʿ磬ôҪʼѧԺˣʱȴıӢı
ԣҶǳֻܰʱΪ棬ٷժ֡
ժսͺܼѣҶǳӵսǵİҲҪѲʱܹ
Ҷǳڲӵôʱժֻ֣ˣȵԺﵽսʿ磬ٵıϳѧԺʱԿʼժˡ
ǰҶǳʱ˿ٴαŷŵĹâսָս
ҶǳϳΣΪεĶֶֻսʿԱһһܣɵؽǰǿ
ʦҶǳǰǿʱ̨µĹȻԤϣһƬ𾪺ͷ֮С
ʣҶǳ֣ܿͻᴫмࡣ

ǰǿѡˣıҲ͵Ϊֹľ
޸պһЩѧԺ߲֮󣬱ҵ˶뿪ҶǳЦ˵Сӣû뵽һսʿȻܹǰǿ
Ҷǳͷһ޸գʱЦݣӭȥ˵үүҲ֪˰
Ȼ޸Цһ˵ѧԺ߲ǲעǰǿģֻעǰʮǿȻСӲμˣүүȻҪעһ¡һעͰүүˣǿĶ֣Сӻпܽǰʮǿأ
޸о̾ԴҶǳϳ֮һֱעҶǳıҶǳһδʤҲˡ
֮ǰ˵ҶǳҪμѡҪѩɭʱҲֻЦЦѣΪҶǳ
ϾҶǳٶȺܿ죬ڸѡ֮ǰΪսʿѩɭֵǰʮǿսʿһսʿܹսʿ
Ҷǳ޸һΣԼʵսʿǿһ漣
үүˣȻҾҪˡҶǳ΢΢Ц
޸Ҷǳһۣ˵սӦһ߽սɣĻôԽһսʿ
ؼսѾǿսԣ޸ҲֻҰҶǳժ߽ս
Ҳ뵽Ҷǳӵһս
ӦǰɣҲѧᣬû뵽óҶǳЦ˵սԼܣȻ㱩¶
޸յĻȴҶǳһ˿ǡ
ϳժսôʣȴĽ׷ɱ
սļֵսֻ߲͡
ΪӵһսǣҲδܹս֮ǰǳֻõһʥս콾ߡ
ã޸ֻս𣬻ϲժֵ
£սҲδܹϵó
Ͼսս½һ˵ķǳϡ٣ǲȱģս½۹ңҲֻӵʥսѡ
ҪϳժֵֻսϵĲβܹóһЩ߼սҲܹó
ССȴûֵȼľǿߡ
Ѿµ۹ժֻΪҶǳ뵽ûгɳ֮ǰɲ뱩¶Լӵսܡ
СӣʲôأΪǿΪԽǰʮǿС﷭޸տҶǳĬɵЦ
ҶǳŴӳ˼оѣ޸գŵ˵үүͷİɣһɹġʮǿ־ڱصá
޸ȴһ̾ҶǳĿдһ˿ǣԵĻҵԸ㲻ܽǰʮǿ
ŶҶǳɻؿ޸ա
޸̾Сӣںϻ̫ΣˣҪиһҿôүү
ԭ޸ڵҶǳжʱж
޸ûּϼҶǳ˵үүѾΪҶѾּҷֵˣϼҪǳأ²ٰҵˡ
Ǻǣʹˣʶүүʱ䣬ʱ仹Ҫ޸Цҡҡͷ˵үүȻƢܱ꣬һˣǰԻվһߵġϾѪĸʲôݣı䲻ӵʵ
ҶǳһЦڵҶǳǰǸǳѾˣӢˡ
ּҵϼۣǳһ飬Ҷǳȴû˿顣
£ҶǳΨһϿɵֻˣһչŮСңڶǰүү
գҶǳ˵үүİɣҶǳӲĺܣںϻֵǵΣκβңһΪսء
˵գҶǳһЦԼķȥ
ս񡭡
޸տҶǳıӰ㵣漴ҡҡͷһЦսս½ûеս˰սʣңɼСӵҰĻǴ󣬼ֱ֪η
ս½Ȼųս½ʵѾܾûеµսˣνǧսѾһ˵
ս½ʷϣһλսǧǰġ
λսս½һǧ꣬ȻʧӰˣ˵ˣ˵ȥյľͷ
ʵϣս½ÿһλս񣬶ֻڴ½ϴһǧ꣬һǧ֮Ǿͻʧ
ΪˣдԣսԻһǧꡣ
ųơǧս


21 ı
ս
ҶǳĿȷս񣬵ֻһԶĿֻ꣬ϣܹ˳ؽǰʮǿȻٽѩɭ֣ҵ֣Ϊһʦ
죬һҪɹ
Ҷǳȭҧҧг˼ᶨ֮ɫ
صԹʼս˷һʱ䡣
СҽҶǳʳչ˵ķǳãҶǳֻҪɣʲôҲùܡ

ڰĻ¹֮䣬ǵǿգ˸ĪĹԡ
ŸһװλӢںȲ裬˶ûȲ˼üͷ塣
ԱߵҲüͷвʱһ˿Ⱥš
СӡȻǿӢüͷЩŵ˵ҽңǼҳǿţʹﵽսʿ磬ʵˡС֣սʿ磬ôܻǿ
ԳãҲЩţǿ̧ҽңʱҲͬѧڹսɲǲʵ
ҪСˣӢ˸ź⣬ԭΪϵΪѾ£û뵽ȴܹڶ̶ڣͻͽһ·߸裬˳Ծ
ˣūΪҪɱСˣˣȷܹˡһԵ˵ӢĿг˾塣
ڣ˶ҶǳʧȥսǺһΪѾٳɳһˣǾøûҪٻʱ;ȥԸһˡ
ȻŹȥ£ҶǳȻʹﵽ̶ֳȣҪԺҲٶȥ»ĻΪǵĸ󻼡
ߣСֻˡ˵ǿѾǿһˣѧԺڣ޷ҵǿˣҪԸҶǳǾֻԳˡ
ӢԿңҶĪҪ̨ϴСӣ
ҿûôɵҡҡͷЦżȻֻ첻ʼѧԺȥľܲܺҶǳһ飬ǻһδ֪֮ңҺһ飬Ҳܵڴҿ¾ʧȥ˽ѩɭֵʸ񡣡
ܹ뵽ôúοԸСҲؼһʱûҪΪ˷˽ѩɭôõᡣӢͷЦ˵
Ц˵ʵҵϣСҲܹǰʮǿĻҾͿѩɭнֵط˼ɱ˭Ҳ֪ģϾѩɭбЩΣա
үҲ̫߿С˰ɣȻǿҪǰʮǿǼܡҪ֪һм˲ţŰλսʿ۷壬ԼλսʿڣͨҲмսʿڣСѲɻܹսʿڣҡҡͷ˵
ӢЦսʿǿսʿڣѾСӵļˣҪսʿڣǾ콾Ҳûǿ츳
ҲСܹǰǰʮǿûϵҴѩɭгʵȻһ¥ﵽսʿ磬ʱһҸᣬСٴηϵãģ´ηʱһľݻ٣׶Ŀܡɭ˵
ӢԹЦҵǿԴһ£СһԶ콾Ӱ֮¡
콾츳СûбϵⱲҲҪ콾Ӱ֮¡Ҷ콾ǳݣ˵ˣãþû콾ˣѧԺҲС˰ɣ֪ʵΣ
˵ԼĶ콾ӢʱһԺ˸ʣ콾ϴд˵Ѿµ۹һλүأλүԸ⽫ԼСŮ콾硣
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23 ʤ
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24 ʮǿ
ԶϤӰҺɡ
ҵʵǿһʮǿ˿̨ϵҶǳѦ壬ɵöһԵɵͷθɵĲһסġ
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㶮ʲôҾҪǰʮǿѩɭ֮УҾͿԽѵˣߡЦ
ԭˣŴȻӢɶʱȻ
ߵ㲻Ҫ˵ȥҲ
Ŵģʲô֪æ˵
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25 ɫ
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ЦŶӢ˵ãϣСҵİа£ȷǰʮǿ
ţҲյϢˣǸСֳ˴ͷּҶ̸ҪСֻּءӢЦ
÷ģѩɭ֣Ҿȥ޻أߣɭ˵к˸
Ӣص˵ͷ漴óһң˵֪ʼѧԺһټţһãһ̤սʿ硣
ã㻹𣿲ҵȷ̤սʿˡҶʱЦݵؽӹӢе
ӢߵСҲ֪ʲôˣγ֣ûκһΣϣһʧ
ûгΪսʿСӶҵĶ֣οϾҪΪսʿˡŵ˵
Ǵþ͵ĺϢˡӢ˵ͷ漴ȥ
Ӣ֮󣬱ϻصӣóʼսʿ硣
ֻҪ̤սʿ磬ҶǳСӱɣߣҰ뵽漴ʼ

ͬʱʼѧԺ
һУҶǳϥҲڿʼǿѡ
֪ʵҶǳевɵһ˿ڴ
ҲܵģΪ͵ʱܴ󣬵ΪԽԽǿЧҲԽԽˡ
ȴﵽսʿϵľ磬һˣҪʮϣǼʮܹá
ҲҶǳһҪΪʦԭֻгΪʦӵԴԴܹٵΪ
ѩɭ֮УһҪںϻ֣Ϊһʦ
գҶǳһĨᶨȻ
ʱһŨڱպǿս
̶ʱڣҶǳ͸оԼΪڱսʿڣһӾͽսʿڣҳսʿڳ
ϧһͣսʿڣûͻƵսʿھ硣
ȻΪǿЧҲˡҶǳ̾˿ܹսʿڽսʿڣѾˡ
֮ҶǳûǼս
һҹʱ䣬ת˲
ڶ峿һӴʱҶǳ͵۾ʱ
ȥٳˣҶǳǳһĨЦݡ
Ŭô죬ӢļΰΪıһ졣
ѩɭ֮У֡־ڱصá
ҴҳԹС׼õ緹Ҷǳ˲ٳʱ˶Ѿˡ
һ۾ͿҴҸҶǳǶʱ΢΢һ˿ɱ⡣
Ϊмĵһǿߣ˿վ֮УͬȺԵð
ΧļǰʮǿڿʱɫЩηͼɵ
ҶǳɨһۣߵһԣȴѧԺİš
úһѧԺʦԦһ޳Ҷǳﳤȥ
Сʱ·̣ѩɭ֣޳ʱʱоΧ¶Ƚ̲࣬ס˸
Ҷǳ̧ͷǰѩɭ֣¶֮ɫ
·ݣѾʼתůƬѩɭ֣ȴȻһƬɫıѩǣΧǺĻѩǷɭ֡
Ƕȥɣ޳ʦɫ˵һ㣬ҪμסƬѩɭֻÿ·ʱ¶ȲŻһ㣬ЩСһСǣһ·ݹȥˣô¶ȱϽͣʱǻûгôˡ
ʦģһ·֮ǰ
ʦ֪ˣͷİɡ

ЩȲˣæӦ˵
Ǻãһºǻȥúðλᣬѩɭеǿʮ֮࣬һ£൱һʱˡѧԺʦ˵꣬ͼԦ޳ȥˡ
Ҷǳһ⣬û뵽ѩɭеȻôŨ˵һڣԿսʿ硣
գҶǳ̾Ͷǰѩɭȥ
ʣµļ꣬Ҳ󣬷׷׳ѩɭ֡
ɭضҶǳں棬ȿ֮ųҶǳķ׷ȥ
ɱСӣȻȥҰ뵽
ʱҶǳҲ׷ɵͣӣһô棬ȥ
Ȼ˾ңҲԤ֮С
ӢȻûģѩɭɱңһ֪˭֪ҶǳЦȴ޾ɫ
ΪڵѾﵽսʿڣƾǿժ֣սʿ΢ֵһẦսʿ
ҶǳˣѾˡʱҴӺ׷ȵ
Ҷǳ֪թԼҲ޾壬ֱ˳ؿң˵ӢŮ˻ѪȻֶ
ԲѣΪԼԻɱңҿҶǳʱ¶̵Ц
ûмϻֱӳҶǳɱȫҶǳһ˿ܵĻᡣ
ժ֣ҶǳһѸʩչժ֣ǿսӿ̺֮Уȥ
ƣһЦ֪ҶǳժַͬСɣȻ̧ƣӭϡ
ʩչսһƺȵ棬ΧѩڻһЩˡ
䣡
ժײһǿʱӿһ졣
ߣҴһ϶Ȼӿһɸǿ˳ƣݺݵغҶǳϡ
սʿˣҶǳͫһɫ䣬漴˳ҵæˣ˲ǸеԼֱڷ飬ڲ㶼ѿˡ
ҵɴ۾𾪵Ȼû£
Ҫ֪һսʿҪɱһսʿ۷壬Ǽֱ׾١
Ϊ̤սʿ磬ڸ߼սʿˣһϣһڵ£ܴ
ȻҶǳսʿȻȻؽסһ֮
ߣҵҪܹסҼơ߳ŭս̧ƣٴɱҶǳ
ȻҶǳתӡ
Ѿ̤սʿ磬ӵսʱԿģȱܹһΪ
ֻҪѩɭΣɱͬһסҶǳЦһʱܰˣûʲô˵ġ
ңѩɭֵŸոտʼһºԻΪʮ˵еǿߣѾ̤սʿңʱҲĶ֡
ߣŭȣҶǳ׷
һǰһѩɭ֮мٱţȻǰһ¼ŵɽȣҶǳҲ룬˽ȥ
ҲҪ׷ȥȻһƬɫĻɽ֮ϯŵ˳ȥɫɷס
ҶǳҲɫĻ棬ɽڲ
֣ǻ֣û뵽ѩɭ֮Ļִڡǰɽǵεɫ棬г˾塣
ںϻ־һ飬һЩ֮⣬û˻ɡ
ҿûĵǰɽȣɭЦСӱ־ߣǳɹں˻֣ɡ
˵գת뿪
ΪҶǳǲܳɹںϻֵģ仹ǰôǿĻ֣ҪܹںϣܹȵҶǳ𣿹ҵӵͽںˡ


26 
أ
ɽڣҶǳڱǹɫסʱһɱϢʱᣬǹɫĻܿͽݺݵڵϡ
Ҷǳϵıʱˤ飬Ҳæսɢڵĺ𾪵ؿǰһɽ
ղŰץǹɫĻ棬Ǵɽģ˻ȥ
ûҽ
Ҷǳɫߣ˿漴תͷɽ棬Ҳû׷
Ҳԣɫ̫ˣղ֮ûУǸֻҪǰ׳գ¶
ڣһѾΪˣһ뿪ˡȻҲпɽ档Ҷǳ˼š
ʱȥȴɽһʱ䣬ϾǳŨ
ңղǹɫ̫ˣûв´Ӧþǲѩɭе֡
ֵֻҲ̫ǿ˰ɣѹôû˿Խںϡ
ҶǳüͷȻϣںϻ֣Ҳװ
һ˵ںĻ֣ѰЩĻ֡ЩǿĻ֣ɱսһսʿСһȥںϣǲѰ·
ȻԳ֮Ϊؾ飬ǸտʼʱСʱţΧͻԽԽǿ
ЩǿĻ֣ᵮǣΪ
սǿʵǵǻ۲֮࣬Ϊ
ҶǳӸղŵǹɫɽĻ֣Ѿ˳Խսʵӽսˡ
Ļôƿѩɭ֣ôܻ֣
ȻǸ޷κεֻ֣ܷ档
ô־ңҶǳȻһĻ֣ǽ񣬷ûǣֻ棬Ӧó־Ŷԡ
뵽ҶǳЩ𾪵ؿǰɽѵĻѾһ
˻
ҶǳɵõһԼ뷨ЩˣսĴڡ
ʱѾǧ궼ûеµսˣѵɽһǿߣ
ܣ
ôֵܻط
ңǴ˵һ񣬿Ҳ˽ˡ

Ҷǳ˼һĻӦòܽ
Ҫԭֻܽȥһ̽ˡҶǳɫصؿǰɽЩɣһʱ䲻ô
ϾǹɫĻ̫ҪҪɱղѾˡ
ɫӦöûжŶԡ
뵽Ҷǳҧҧǰɽȥ
ﲻΪ˻˼ſˣҪתȥһƴѩɭָʲô
콾ѾѧԺԺҳΪսںϻ֣ʲôʸ⣿
һ滢ӢɱĲݣܾΪʦǿҲ·һ

ҶǳĿᶨɽг˾
һѣɽжôΣգҪһ
ֵǳǿҲҪ취ںһ£Ͼǧѩɭֶ֣飬ǸҪĽ
ǰɽ󣬴Լһ˴СΧʯڷǳ⻬ɫĹΡɽ棬ɫĹâɽ
ҶǳСĽ߽ɽһȥΧɫâԽԽ
Ƭ̺Ҷǳһ޴ʯǹɫĹâǴʯ洫ġ
Ҷǳ΢΢ԥһ£漴ҧҧʯ
ʱҶǳǰһһ޴ɫһڴִͭ棬ͭΧһĴ
Ҷǳĳ棬ֱӾͱŴˣ㶵ؿǰɫ̿ˮһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ҶǳʼѧԺͼвѯֻ֪һŻ棬ԽԽǿ󣬻ҲԽԽ
һ۳ͣǰֻɫô˵֣Ѿ൱սǿߡ
ãǰסˣԼӦûв
£Ҷǳʯڿȥϸ
Сӣ㿴ûУȻ󣬾ڴʱһɫд˳
Ҷǳʱɴ۾ŵؿɫ˵ôܣֲ񣡡
СӣȻ֪񣬵еʶɫһ˫ͬ¯һľ޴۾Ҷǳ˵
ǰѲ񣿡Ҷǳסе𾪣ʵ
ɫЦǽЩһĴ󣬻ס𣿡
ǰǡҶǳʱɻˡ
ɫҶǳͻȻ˵˵𣿡
Ϥ֡ţĿôܣҶǳЩԺ漴𾪵ؿɫ
Ŀǽ
ֻǣѾȥ300ˣţҲˣֱܡ
ΪսҲֻܻ200꣬սҲֻܻ300ꡣ
ֻս𣬲ܻꡣ
СǲˣɫԳЦЦ˵ҲԣҲֻһսôܻꡣ
ǰҶǳ̲סʵʵţѾȥ300Ȼš
ǲСС֡ѪǰҲ־ˡɫҶǳߵ
Ҷǳʱ뵽֮ǰԼ׷ɱʱӽɽڣǹɫԼһĻǰλǰˡ
֡˭ּҵĳλ
Ҷǳ̲סʵ
ּҵ棬һ𿪴ʢûи߹ϣֻƺΪ֡ɫ˵
ҶǳԾȵǰ˵ּ沢֣
ֻ֣֡ΪԸ͸¶ԼϣҲֻˣҲڵּҡɫ˵
ҶǳЩ棬λּЩܣȻΪβԸ͸¶ԼأԼﶼߡ
ǰɫ
ҶǳɵʵǰȻΪֱ˻֣ң˭
һжԼҵģЩĴ󣬶Լõġɫ̾г˻⡣
ҶǳԲĿɿڴǰΪҪô
Ϊ˻ȥΪɫҡҡͷ̾

˵֡
ս½࣬Ȼͨսǿʣ
ͨˣսԻһꡣ
ﵽս𣬾ܻһʮꡣ
սԻ꣬սʿԻ꣬սԻꡣ
ǳΪսƺҲֻܻһǧ꣬ǧ֮ҲҪʧƬ֮С
⼸ǲܴﵽľ硣


27 ̫
ҶǳǰɫһôڶӽˣⶼҪԽսˣѲ
ֻǣΪô̾
ҶǳЩ棬ɵɫ
Ҵ٣ҲľʹȥǣһľǾǰԼսɻ֣Ϊֵһ֡
ԹԵ𣬾ǲֻҪ;ںϣܹΪǳΪ˻֣ʱҲܹлΪٲãҲܹӳ

ɫ˵
Ҷǳ֪սʲôսʿս֮ڵսͻ۳ɵǱս
սսʱս飬Ϊսꡣ
ӵս꣬ͿԷݵأƷ˵еһΪһ
սǲģǰ֧ţսŵʱӴ֧ţս겻
սˣôɿݣľսҲͻš
ȻǰȴǰԼսһںϡΪ֪һΪ˻֣սֲܱҲܹ
Ȿһļƻû뵽ȴɹˡ
Ҫ֪˵ںϻֵĳɹǰٷ֮һĻôսںϻֵĳɹʾ֮һ
ò˵ĺܺá
ǰȻɹں˻֣Ϊȴ䵽زҶǳЩɻʵ
ɫҲ̾͵ùҵҰˡ
ŶҶǳʱ¶ɫ
˵ں˻֣ѩɭϣһԳΪ񡣶⣬ȥҵӼλʱ䣬ҴҶǶˡֱһ죬ѩɭ֮УֵһµĻ֡
ʲô滹еڶ֣Ҷǳʱϲ
ΪĻƶϳڶֲŵٶ꣬ʵӦòǿϾֵٶȺʱ䣬ƶܴﵽս
ôĻ֣ȫпܽںϡ
£Ҷǳ
ѩɭ֮леڶֻ֣ǵػ𣬶ǾŴе̫𡣡仰Ҷǳ׾ˡ
ֱϡ٣˵Ǵ˵еľŴˡ
Ҷǳʱޱȡ
̫𰡣˵̫ǵĺ֮ӵеĻ棬ܹںҵʵͻٽһҲܹҳΪʱ䡣
ԣĶˡ
һ̾漴У˻⡣
Ҷǳȴһ㶣⻰ѵǸ̫Ҳںˣ
̫̰ˣ̫ǾŴ֮һӵںϵĳɹʶֻ֮һοҲǻ֣Ȼʵǿ󣬵ֻǵػڱϣ̫𡣡ûޱȵ˵
Ҷǳʵǰô㲻ûȥ𣿿ǳɹˡ
ɹƨ̲סȻ̧˾޴ԴǾ޴棬һƬɫĻ⴫ɢһɹȵ¶ȡ
ǣҶǳɵ۾һ￴һͷСĻ򣬷ǳҫۣͬһС̫â財
Ǹ̫£ںһһңҵɼ壬ѾҶٶꡣЩ꣬һֱȡҵԭҳΪ֮Ѿս𡣵ڣҵʵѾ½һս𡣹ٹһʱ䣬ҾҪսˡ̧צָԼ򣬲ɵŭ
Ҷǳ㶣ǵùûɵ̫𣬷Ҫ̫ˡ
̰ģһػ𣬾Ȼȥ𣬼ֱ漴̾˿ɬ
ڵֻܵˣһ꣬Ҫڵ̫ɵ
ǰѩɭÿ·¶ȻߣΪ̫ˣҶǳȻ뵽⡣
˵ͷЦںϵĻֽűĻѩɭֳ걻ѩǣһÿ·ݣ̫ͻӳ˯ѣҲòӴȥѹҵٶȣѩɭֵ¶ȲŻߡ
ǰѵûа취̫ȡҶǳɵʵЩͬˣÿһǿսȻ䵽ĵز
ʲô취ȥսʰƳֻǵʱλսҲδػŹҡȻеڶ취Ǿں̫ʵôҴңǴƽУѾ˺üٸţں̫𣬵һ⣬ȫʧˣ̫ճ˻ҽЦ
ںô𣿡Ҷǳ̲ס˵
ʵһ뷨Ǿں̫
ʣһںϣôԻΪǿʦʵҲ֮ǿ
ĺô궼ĶˣȻӵĶġ
ֻǣĲҿҶǳҲЩɡ
СҪں̫𣿡˼꣬ǻȻµҶǳ뷨ҡҡͷ˵ҪǱˣҾԿˣǡ֡ĺҲܶԲ֡
ǰ˵ѩɭֵĿģΪںһ֣һҪΪʦġҶǳЦ
ΪʦСӵǺôҰģ֪ںϵػĳɹǰٷ֮һںĳɹ֮һԹݴ½ܹںˣָĲҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ̾˿̶иһĨᶨ˵ҵȻҲܳΪʦĻ绹Ҫġ䱻ɱڳȥһ类̫ĺҡ
Сӣйâһ޵
ǰȫҶǳһ
˰֣ʱһ͵ҶǳЦȫʲôҪĳɹں̫ǾǳȫңҵľˣҸл㶼
˵գɫ޴۶Ҷǳˣں̫𣬿Ǿһʱˡ
ҲڣҶǳᶨ˵
ںϻ־ΣգȻˣںϵػںʲô
ƴһѣһѡ
ˣΪҽӮˣǱվ۷Ǳ
ãȻˣץʱɡ˵
Ҷǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
˷ۣߵΪںϻܹʲôͲ֪ںϻ֣һػ𣬶Ҫʵѩɭִһ£ҲһʱңһҪ׼һЩں̫ĳɹʡ
ã֪ˡҶǳڨڨһЦæϥ£ʼսΧ
ѩɭֵͷǳŨ񣬶͸Ũˡ
Ҷǳоһ£ͻƵսʿƶ⡣


28 
˵صɽѩɭֵʮԣڴһ죬Ǿ൱һˡ
Ҷǳжʱ˷ܡ
սΧЩͬ˵̵ĺˮϵسӿ塣
ţˬҶǳΧӿİȫ¶ǳ泩սڲϵ׳
ӾôһȥҶǳΪڼš
ҲûţһöռָȡһЩ֪Ĳϣóһ¯ʼƵҩ
ǰʦǺںűĻȻҲͳΪʦ
ң⼸Ǳ֮УѾΪһ߼ʦ
ҶǳżһĻɵ˵ǰԭ㻹һλʦ㻹һЩҲҿΪˡ
̧ͷƳҶǳһۣߵСӣѵҳûи˵ҩֶĵżһû⣬ͻĸȣԺãӴΪսѶȡս½ϣŶмڳģֻһЩŲòֵҩΪ
ȻҶǳɫһ䡣
ʱӿռָȡһ޴ľͰҶǳԱߣȻóһЩղƺõĵҩľͰ֮УȻˮϡͣγһЩɫҩҺ
ҶǳؿһУɻؿʵǰʲô
һЩƤǵҩҺҴһЩѧģǰʱ򣬾ͷСϴźǿҵҩζ³˲ĸѾܲȣֻͨЩƤǵҩҺһ£ϴĻ˵ں̫ˣһĵػ㶼ںϲˡ
ĻҶǳ亹εΣеǳңҪçײȥںϻ֣Ǿ
ҶǳЩɻ˵ǰ£ҲųŰҲࣿ
սʿСһһҲֻܳһٶĻͻɸȡȻЩǿӵܣͨҩҺϴ壬ǿԶһ㡣ԺҪǻΪôÿγ֮󣬶ҪҩҺϴһ˵
ǰҩҺƷҶǳæ˵
Цں̫Ȼ㣬㱻̫ճ˻ҽҲûҪѧˡ
һɹģҶǳᶨ˵
ţ˵ͷ˵ȼɣϴɲôɣи׼
ϴѣʲôµģҶǳֹһ漴ϥ£
ϴ𣿺ǺǣҡͷһЦɲôϴġ
ɽ޼ӣ֪ꡣ
ʮʱ䣬ת۹ȥ
ʮڣҶǳʱʱ̶̿ˣҲʳֻҪŬʵɡ
ǳŨʮʱ䣬Ҷǳսʿڣսʿ۷徳磬죬̤սʿˡ
һ죬Ҷǳˡ
ˣСӣЩҩҺϴһ´øȻٸ˵һںϻʱҪעʲô˵
Ҷǳɻǰö𣿷ǻжʮʱ䣬üһʱɣҸомҾܽսʿˡ
ֻҪסЩҩҺϴ壬̤սʿ磬˵ںϻ֣Ϊǿɹʾ͸ߡң̫ɲôɾںϵģҪһЩʱ䣬Ҳð²У㲻ټˡ͵
ˣ
ҶǳԵ˵ͷ漴ѹ·ľͰڡ
ͰЩɫҩҺ˲佫ҶǳûֻʣһԴ档
̡Ҷǳɵɫһ䣬оЩɫҩҺǳ̣ƿˮһ㽫졣
ţŸտʼʹ࣬С඼֧Ųסںϻ־ͱɡ˵
Ҷǳԣʱҧҧٿ
ǽҶǳĶͷð亹ˣ׶ЩŤˣΪֹо̣оЩɫҩҺڣȫ¶
ЩҩҺĹ裬ǿҵĴʹҶǳ
뵽˵ںϻֱҪʹ࣬ҶǳӲסˣҧȭͷյýģһƬ졣
㻹лںϻ֡͵ص˵ͷ˵սϴ֮󣬸ȹ̣ôһٳ嵽սʿˡ
ҶǳԣʱսٶȺ
ʵһĥ̡ʹͬˮһϯûꡣ
ҶǳҲΪˣǰ־֢ĥʹ࣬־ǳǿܹסˣûзһС
ڣҶǳ˹ȥ˸Ϊʱͻƣ嵽սʿ硣
ʱľͰڵĳɫҩҺѾ˺ɫеζ
Ҷǳæ˳ӣ·
оôЦʵ
Ҷǳչһ½ǣг˾⣬˷ܵ˵оǳɣսҲ֮ǰۻ˺ܶࡣ
˵ͷ˵Ϊǿսʿ磬ЩҩҺϴһκ󣬸±ˡսΪôθͲϴһôˡ
ǰڿԿʼںϻ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ΣյʱҲǾ˵ʱ
˵˵ںϻʱʲôҪעʲô˵ɫҲ漴
ҶǳϥϾغȻҴ⡣
һںűĻȻֳں̫һɹһʧܣںϻľ飬ս½ܹȵҡ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷȷһ棬ںϻַ棬Ⱥܶ˶о顣
ںϻ֣ҷںϵػ𣬻ںʵҪĶһֻѶȼӴһЩˡ˵
ǰҪʲôҶǳæʵ
ĥ̾ںϻ֣Ǿһĥһûֽ壬ڶ⣬ʼȼ壬ʹ࣬԰˻һ֧ŲסǾͻᱻճɻҽһͷ޷ʣ¡
ҶǳԵһǰϴʱЩҩҺڣĥ
ֻҩҺ
뿴ЩҩҺ˻֣仹ֿ̫µĻ֣ܵʹͻ֮ǰǿǧٱˡ
ͨ˻ֵĿ飬ŽǵһѵǵڶЩֱضǲԽ壬ܹꡣҪ֪ϵĥĥҪʹǧ򱶡
е𣿡ҶǳЦںϻжôˣѹս½ϣ˻ںϻ֣ǶͨʦõûΣյĻ֡

һЦ˵һϢûеǰǰͳɹˡ
ҶǳЦǺϢ
ǰɣ


29 һ
һϯҶǳںϻжôˣֱǾһȫڹŹԱתƣκߣһСľͻᱻճɻҽ
ôڣ㻹׼ںϻ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ҶǳĬһ£⣬һʱȷԾΪغ
ò˵ں̫һ޴ջǳɹˣԳΪʦʦ츳ǿһ
ң̫Ĺǳǿں̫Ժսʱսᱶ
⣬ں̫֮ٶҲ죬ʵҲ͸ˡ
̫֮ǾŴ֮һһɹں̫ԺĺôͶ塣
ȻΣһں̫ʧܣҶǳͻᱻ̫ɵǻҶʣ¡
ңĻںϵػĳɹǰٷ֮һںĳɹ֮һ
⼸·һҪ֮һļʵжȥһ˿Ǽֱ̫ãˡ
Сӣʵ˵ҶǷܹں̫ûбһ˿ϣҪڣǾͼڴ˵ʮ죬Ȼ뿪ѩɭ֡˵
Ҷǳȴ̧ͷг˼ᶨǰǿʼɣ
ͫһҶǳˣ
ҪǿҪΪսսʣս񣬶ҪﵽĿ꣬Ǿͱں̫𡣡ҶǳĿᶨ˵
ȴҶǳпһϤҰģ̫ʱҲйҰġ
ǶսǿĿ
£ԥ˵ͷ˵ãȻƸ۵Ҿףһ·˳ˡ
˵գɫԴȻſڣһӾͰҶǳ˽ȥ
ɫԴ棬ҶǳûиܵκȵϢΧɫҲûгϮȻǱסˡ
Ҷǳǰһ·ͨһƬɫ硣
Сӣ·߰ɡ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ǰĻȥܿ죬Ϳһ޴Ļɢȵ棬ͬһɫ̫
ܣѾѹס򣬵Χ¶ȻǺܸߣҶǳһӾͱˮʪ
̫𣿡
Ҷǳзǳ𺳡
ƣһ˿й˿¡
ûѹƣڶѾڻˡ
Сӣֶ͸ȤֻҪߵǰͻ壬ʱֻҪסĥܳɹΪһ塣
Ҷǳҧҧû˿ԥͳǰ̫ȥ
¶ԽԽߣҶǳȴû˿⣬гһƬᶨ֮ɫ
һҪɹҶǳߵ̫Աߣг˷;Ȼ
ͣ
һ˿ȵĻ棬ƺܵҶǳĴڣʼӶ
ߡҶǳɵƺһǱմǵƤ˲ͽһƬҵʹʱϮ
ǣǽڵƤȻܿ޸ȫˡ
СӣֲӵлͬʱҲڴݻʱҲ޸壬ǰܹסĥ˵
Ҷǳҧ˵ͷȴҲ˵
Ϊʱ̫Ѿʼ𽥳ŶȫˣȵĻ棬ϵؽյýڣܿͷˣְ޸
ݻ٣޸ݻ٣޸
ػأҶǳŲпĥݶҧˣſף۵Ť
ҶǳȴӲûпһֱѹԼʹ
أڵ̫ԽԽ࣬˶ȵĻϵ·ȫչˡ
Сӣģں̫ʱ̲סСӾȻܼţ־򵥰
һĻڶˣЩ𾪵˵
֪Ҷǳǰ׾͵˰֢СҪܻƣ벡ħʮĹ֮Уûһ첻ħĥ
һʼҶǳҲ޴֣ǽأѾӦ˲ħĥ
Ȼܸ˲ħȥ
ǣҶǳ飬ȴսʤ˲ħֱû˵һʹ
ãܺãǿ־ĳɹʾͺܴˡ˵пʼЩڴˡ
Ҷǳɹں̫ôҲͽˣסһ
ͣ
̫ƺҶǳ岻ڣÿһƤÿһѪ⿪ʼٵһͷ֡

Ҷǳ̲סˣ
ȵĻ棬ϵѪⶼûˣȻѸ޸
ַ˵ĥûܹܵסҲܹ⣬˵Сӣסһɹˡ
ĹҶǳҧеļᶨ֮ɫŨˡ
ܷ
ǰֻʮ꣬һڲħĥжȹ
Ⱳӣүת磬лΪս񣬻һǧ꣬ʶӹ磬Ȼܷ
ҪΪս񣡡
Ҫţ
Ҫվ۷壡
Ҷǳһһźš
ʱţϵĻ棬ʼ
ȻҶǳʹȴûмԽԽǿˡ
Ϊ̫Ѿʼ꣬տˡ
Сӣϲ˵һֻҪɵڶܳɹˡڴ˵
Ҷǳû취ػȻڲ̫ܵĴݲУøǿˡ
ǣ꣬ȴ̫𳹵װ
ϵʹҪʹҪǿǧ򱶣ҶǳʹĴ˻һſףŤ
Ҷǳ˵ϣһ۾Ҳϣ鿪ʼ
Сӣǧ˯ţһ˯ˣ֧Ųס̫ݻˡĴ
ҶǳȻʱѾ޾ʹûˣ˵꣬ʧȥ˶ƿأһ
ҾҪ𣿡
Ҷǳڱ۾ϵϢԽԽʧ
һĻһ̾ٱκϣ
֪Ҷǳˣȥˡ
ϧˣС־ˣֻںϵػĻôѾɹˡϧ̫ǾŴ֮һս½ܹںˣָ̾
ͬʱҲˡ
Ҷǳ־˵˶޷ں̫ô˭ܹںϣУССҲҵõ
עû·Ҫ̫ɣ໹֧һꡣ
Ҳգܹ꣬ҲˣֻǿϧСӡ֡ɲҪҰҪں̫ģԼѡĵ·̾
ȻڴʱһųҵĽɫâȻҶǳǰųһӰ˶סˡ
սǣ
ɴ۾𾪡
ʱҶǳؿڣһɫĹͷҵĹâޱȵҫ۶Ŀ
ҶǳǸսǣڸܵҶǳܵΣ֮󣬶ȻһɿµסҶǳ塣


ڶ 


30 ɹ
ʣҶǳؼʱսǾһ
Ҷǳǰ֮ǸɫսǱҫ۵ĹâλסȻֻסֵ꣬ס̫
̫ȻǾŴ֮һսҲ̺սǱȵġ
Ȼս̺ս٣̫ʱҲ̣ܶҲûôǿ
֮䣬ѷֳʤ˭Ҳκβ˭
̫ƺϿҶǳҶǳ֮УҶǳΪһ塣
ͬʱҶǳϢԽԽǿңһɹŨ˷۶治ϵȥ
СӾȻսǣ
ʱһ𾪺Ͳš
սʲôзǳֻϵս񣬺впܼ̳սǡ
ȻҶǳϾ͵һλս
ԭˣ֡صĿѹʼղԸ͸¶ԼϣԭǴս߳ӵܡ漴̾
ʣڱ⿪ˡ
ּҵʶ˺ܶ꣬˼ǾսѣֱּȥûнԼϸ߹
Ϊʲôһֱܺ棬ˡ
ս½ϣ󳬼ֱ۹󹤻ᣬ۹µ۹۹۹󹤻ᡢӶᡣ
󳬼ս½ǿȻֻͨ˵⡣
ǵ磬ŻףһЩڰУǲǿ
սң֮һ
˼壬սұϵսǿ壬һսԳưս½һǧֻ꣬Ҫĳ嵮һλսҲǿһǧꡣ
һǧĻۣǸǶôӴ
ֱ޷
ԣÿһսңǳǿ
ֻЩսҶǳ֣ʵǿ󣬵ȴûг£һԵ÷ǳ͵
Ǿˣս½ϵĸ׵սҵˡ
⼸ǧûгֹµսսңҲʼΪ˴˵֪
û뵽֡Ȼս߳ӵܣѹΪ䲻ңȴӵһЩǿսս磬Խսǿһս
˿еѾȫ⿪ˡ
սҵǿ֮ǼӵеսϾһλս񣬱˵ЩʥսˣսҲӵС
֪Сӵսдʲôս񷨣սŻеҶǳɵиֳһ˿̰֮ɫ
Ǻܿ죬һ˿̰֮ɫʧˣȡ֮һ̾
ôΪ̰ǵ˲ǵ̫ڣСңܶ𱨣ңСǡ֡֡ж
Գҡҡͷ漴ѹסе̰
ҲգûΣգһһ񾳽磬ֺαȥ̰СӵսǣңСӵսǣں̫ǰ;ֱǽδûкô
뵽
ú󣬵ȵҶǳ彫е̫˽ȥ֮㽫еҶǳ˳ʯڵĵϡ
̫СǰŽսʿڣȴѾҪﵽսʿھˡ
鿴һҶǳʱĽ֮ɫ
Ҷǳں̫֮ΪʱҪﵽսʿˡ
ҪǣΪ̫ĴڣΧڲϵسҶǳ۶ΪҪ
һĻɵЦѵСӾһҲ壬ɣҾͽΪ
˵գǾ޴ʱһ۵Ĺâ͵̧ԴҶǳһ޴Ĺš
ŽҶǳУʹΧӿٶȸˣ˶ûˡ
Ҷǳһֱ˰£
Ҷǳ۾󣬵һ۾Ϳ˽ǰɫɵ˷ܵû
㲻ûһ磬ΪսʿЦ˵
ҶǳԴЩɻ˵԰ҸоʱѾ֧Ųסˣûܹɹں̫𣿡
ΪսǣͷסһС˵
ţҶǳɫһ䣬ؿսһֱܣȴ֪ˡ
Ǹӣʲô⣬㻹𣿡ƲƲ죬ߵ
ҶǳʱӦҲԣҪԼʲôõȵ
£ҶǳЦǰ֣˵ҵս֮ǰһ񶾵Ů˸һΣֻûڵĸɾҵսٴθˣܺ͵ƣҲҴ⡣
¶֮ɫд£찡ò˵Сӵ̫ˣΪûڸɾǲܣϹӣֻ֪սǱֻʺСû뵽ᱻСӸңսǣǰսǸǿЯĴУҲǰĴиǿ󡣡
ԭˣ
ҶǳʱȻ
Լжôˡ
Сӣò˵Ǳ̫ˡٴսǣټϾŴ֮һ̫˵ս½˭лΪսǿ϶СˡĽ˵
ս񡭡Ҷǳһ漴Цս񾳽һңԶֻʵԱ
Ǻǣ̫ܳΪʦˣټ㱾ٶȾͺܿ죬Ҫ˶ãܳΪǿˡЦ˵
ǰҲʦΪͽɡҶǳɵ˵뱧סĴȣİȫ˱֤
ЩĶ漴ҡҡͷЦ棬ֻһ߼ʦΪϣҲֻһһսǱ̫ˣ̵㣬ֻӵܣҪʦҲҪһλսΪʦ
սʡҪȥսʰҶǳ̾
ЦСӣ츳ѧԺģǿս½ǿѧԺʦսǵԺһλսʣֻҪʱչ¶ǿ츳϶Ϊͽġٲã츳ҲѧԺѧܶණɱҽ̵ǿˡ
ǰԶˮⲻ˽ʰҶǳЦڼʵĻûѧԺȱӢˡ
򵥣㻹ѩɭִʱ䣬ڣ͸ѧϰ֮ں̫ǿ츳ΪʦӦò⡣Ц˵
ǾͶлǰˣҶǳæлĺܸмϾûжԷĻҲڵĻ
лңں̫𣬷ٹ꣬ҾˣӦлŶԡЦ
ǳƽˣٺ٣ҶǳЦ


31 
ʯڣҶǳɫСӣ֮ޱߣҪڶ̶̼֮ھѧᣬǸܡֻôϴ赤ĿǰҪġԺ֮·ǾҪԼȥѰˡ
ǰϴ赤ʲôҩҶǳЩʵ
ǰϴҩҺϴ赤ˮϡ͵ģСҪӿٶʵֻܷǷøȣԱҪϴ赤ϴ˵
ôǰϴҪһΣҶǳʵ
ԽԽãֻҪ㹻ҩģÿϴһΣ㲻ϴҲкôЦ
ҶǳҲеϴһȷԼøǿ
ˣҸϴ赤ҩЩҪμǡ˵գ˻֣ʮҩĴĿռָ˳
Ҷǳһʱɵˣû뵽ССĵҩ֮УȻ̺ôҩġ
ҶݡָЩҩģһҶǳ⣬òЧķǳϸ
ҶǳΪˣǳã˰ʱ䣬ȫסˡ
ʶҩ̤ʦĵһÿһʦҪסҩģļټ̫𣬵ȷʦص˵ͷ
ҶǳٺһЦǰʮ궼ڶͶԿħжȹǼ־ǳˡ
ҩֻǵһҪҩģҩ֮ˣкܶ࣬䣬˵Ƴ
˵գȸҶǳҩĴ䣬ٽϴ赤ҩĴ䡣
ҲǿģΪ̫࣬Ҷǳһʱ䣬Žȫס
ʣʱ䣬ڿʼƵҩ˵գһɫĵ¯ȡ˳ȻһɫĻ档
ƵҩҪıǿƻ棬ƿػֻнƵƳõĵҩÿںϵĻֲһƵҩʱҪĻСҲͲһҵűĻںԻ֣Ƶҩʱ򣬾ҪӴơ̫л¶ߵĻ֣ƵҩʱһҪע¶ȣ̫󣬷ҩľȫճɻˡ
ϸҶǳ⡣
Ҷǳһһ߿Ƶҩ
ηҩģÿηʱҲͬȫּ֮˰ʱϨ棬¯ǡ
ʱһϤ㴫
Ҷǳ۾һζ
ֻ̧̧צ¯еĵҩһſŷ˳һɢŵĹΣϮˡ
һ¯оſţҵޣֻƳţżãҲֻܴﵽ߿šȻ̫ƳЧ϶ǿ˵գ͸Ҷǳ
ָҶǳϴ赤һ߽ʱҪעҪ㡣
һʱ䣬תۼ
ѩɭֵʱҶǳͿʼԼϴ赤һѺͽ⡣
ʱҶǳһϴ赤ûƳȫʧܶա
֮ʧܣΪûпƺû棬Ҫô̫󣬰ҩȫճ˻ҽҪô̫СѵҩƳ˰Ʒ
ԴˣҶǳԵúܾɥ
Ц˵Сӣɲô׵ģϴ赤ڻƼ۷弶ĵҩŸո̤УҪƳּĵҩǸʵȻȥ֮ϰôƻ棬ʱͻɹˡ
ǰЩҩ㻹𣿡ҶǳʵЩҩĶǳ󣬻ȥ֮û취ҵõ
ֵҩҩģһʮݣͶ͸ɡʵЩҩȥӶչҲԼȥɭѰҡ˵գӸҶǳһöɫĽָ
ǰǡҶǳöɫĽָʱ۾һ
Ц㻹ûпռָɣöռָͼĿռָĿռҲһôС㹻ʹˣһ͸ˡ
ǰûҶǳæл
Ȼ뵽öռָԺȥʼ԰ֵʱ򣬾Ϳ԰Űʯˣвɵһ󼤶˷ܡ

һµѵѩɭڣһʼѧԺʦʻ޳
ʱҶǳ֮⣬ľѧԱѾɭˡ
ÿ˵ջ񶼺ܴаڣһѧԺսʿ硣
ʣµѧԱҲﵽսʿ۷徳磬ͻҲҪ˶ˡ
ˣÿ˵ϣЦݡ
ףҶǳأûп𣿡ʦɨһˣΨҶǳɵɻ
ԣҡҡͷʾԼûҶǳ
һ˿Ц˭֪أҲѩɭеıϵ޸˰ɣҾǿıϵޣûߡ
𣿿ϧʧˣһĺúõġ
ҰԵ֮ʣһ
ҵɫʱһ䣬ЩŵػعͷͿ˲ԶҶǳ
ҶǳͻƵսʿٶȷɿ죬δ䣬˱Ѿǰ
ʦҶǳɨһۣ漴תʦһ
Ȼ˶ѾˣǾȻȥɣʼѧԺʦҲûж룬޳뿪ѩɭ֡
޳ҶǳؿŶңгɱ⡣
Ŀ⣬ҲҶǳͬɱˡ
ôһųǲʧҶǳң˵ϳ˼֮ɫ
ҵɫѿȷʵû뵽Ҷǳܹųֱܡ
ΪۿҶǳǿĻָˣǲл·ŶԣѵСںǸ֣
ܣôǿĻ֣ս˶޷ںϣСӿ϶ãŽӵҰ뵽ҶǳܹںôǿĻ֡
գߵãôǿıϵޣûܹҪ
ڴˣȻ˵Լ׷ɱҶǳֻܳϵͷϣʱû˿ҲҶǳٱ
ǺǣǿıϵޣҲֻһͷѣǿҲֻ´ǸҾҶǳ˵Ϭ񣬽ҡ

ҶǳԼҶʱŭڣǿаסˣҧݺݵصҶǳ˵ߣţƤˣСĻᱬ
һͷѣʲôȫһһҲ޾塣ҶǳЦǰһҶˡ
㡭Ҷʱŭģ͵վɱصҶǳ
ҶǳôôŸʲôѵǸʲôϵɣ
ΧİѧԱɻؿ˹֪ʲô
ߣҼ״ҪҧɵúݺݵصҶǳ漴Ҷǳ
ҶǳǳһĨЦݣ漴޳Ŀ


32 
Ϧ£յͣʼѧԺƬ޴ĽȺһɫɫ
ѧԺſڣһϵӰңңѩɭֵķ
޸ա
ҶСӣһҪȻҸѽ޸յϳ˽
ںϻֵΣգǷǳģзǳġ

˿̣ʼѧԺľ¥˫۾͸ĴҲڶѩɭֵķ
ˣӢ
ˣξͷİɣүѾ̤սʿ磬ӵսСӲ֡˵
Ӣüͷ˵Ҳ֪֪ΪʲôһֲõԤС
δ䣬ԶĽֵתǴʱһ޳ѧԺſڱж
ˣˣʱ˵
ӢѾǰѧԺſڿгڴ֮ɫ
ͬʱ޸Ҳ޳ɵŵؿ˹ȥ
޸Ժݳʦˣ޸
޸հ˰֣ʵôѧԱǶû°ɣ
Ժ˷ģʮѧԱȫȱѧԱսʿ磬ѧԱҲͻơʦ˵
޸һʮѧԱȱоͳ˿ҲЩɣѲҶǳСĳɹں˻֣
޸ղɵÿ޳ʱʮѧԱѾ޳
Ժˣ
Ժˣ
޳ѧԱ׷޸
޸˰֣ԵЩͷһ˫޳档
ڣҶǳЦſ޸գүү
Сӣӭ޸¶Цݣ漴Ц
ҶǳҲЦ
ֻһԵңҶǳĿУɱͷŭ
ѧԺľ¥Ӣ˶˼ŵ˵С֡Сֻšôܣ
˵ˣҲˣҾȻûɱҶǳôܣ
ɶֱСֶһ٣ôɱҲİӢŭһƾͰǰӸˡ
һԵսս˵ˣҲЩ֣ҶǳСӷ·ŮչƵģǵıȻһδλΪġ
ã
úһ
Ӣ˲ЦݵӭȥҶѩɭ֮ôʲôջ񣿡
ôüЦˣҶûãʧˡҵͷһΡ
ӢϵЦݶʱȥɻҶöʵţǲʲôԭ򣿡
˵ʵҲܺ档
ãСӣǻǿˣֻսʿ磬ʵȻӽսʿˣ̤սʿ磬»Ķ֡˵
ȻˣΪСֻţӢһ漴ü
Ҽ˵һ·׷ɱһɽȣͻȻܳһɫĻ֣ˡǻʵ̫ǿҲ̤ɽȣҾɣԾ뿪ˡ
ʲô֣ӢԾ˵û뵽ѩɭĻ֣Сֱ־ˣǳɹں˻֣ɣѵ
ãûпǸ֣ƶɱսεǿˣҪ˵СܹںϣҲţҾãӹһ١ҡͷôҲҶǳܹںϻ֡
˵ҲԣںĻ̫ΣˣοСѾҸˣܻɹںϻ֡ӢҲԣҶǳӹһ٣г˷ŭ
ͬʱӢҶǳˣ˵ҪʶһСˡ
һԵ˵ˣ̫żˣĻȵ׿֮˻ʼѧԺūҪ
ӢԵ˵ͷ˵ҲգȻС󣬾°ɡ
ãİɣ⼸ҲùġҺһ࣬ҸᣬҾͽѵһ¡Ҷݺ˵
Ӣ֤һɱҶǳȴôѾҶǳˡ
ǾͶлҶˡӢһЦȴҲûбϣϾҶǳܹߣô˫ʵҲ˶١

ʼѧԺ޸ոԺİ칫ҡ
Ҷǳ칫Һ޸æغţڴضҶǳæʵôСں˻𣿡
үү㿴Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ƣĶʱðһźɫĻ棬ͬһԾš
ֻΪ̫ĴڣҶǳ˻¶Ⱥɫʣγɵػӡ
Ȼǻ֣޸ռ״ʱ־ϲ漴Ҷǳһ̾СӣķˣֶɹںˣĻְ
үүҪѧϰ֪ʶѧԺĿγ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ɽУֻϴ赤֪ʶȴûʱ䴫ڣֻܿԼȥʦѧϰ
֪ʶܷҪѧϰ֪ʶֻѡᡣ޸ճ
ѵûɢʦͶʼѧԺȫѳ֣Ҷǳɵ¶֮ɫ
ߣΪս½ͷİµ۹Ļңʱ޸ߵ
ҶǳЩ𾪣ʵˡ
޸ռ˵һԣʦΪо֮ûжʱǵʵձ¡ʵȻͣΪܹƵҩԸҪõǡںܶǰֻҪʦ֣ͻᱻᣬеòԸɱЩʦҲñõǡǶ£ʦڰӣȫ½ʦǶҪ
ֱһλΰʦˣ֮ʵҲǳǿŽʹ£ڳˣеʦǶһս½𾪵ǿ˺Ҳûĸ۸ʦˡ
޸˵տҶǳЦ˵ǼᣬֻҪûǱˣɱ㣬ͻܵ׷ɱӢҲܶвˡ
᲻ô׾ܼİɣҶǳɵ˵Ѿ뿪ּңû֧֣ܹᣬҲʧΪһ취
һ˵ֻгΪмʦܹᡣѾںĻ֣Ǳһġ޸˵
Ҫ鷳үүƼһ·ûСҶǳ˵
ǺǣҰɣֲĲԶͬʱҲǰ׼ҵϼңүүͬѧҾʹȥ޸Ц˵
׼ҵϼҶǳʱЩԾ
ңǰ׼ҡּҺżңʵ£Ҷǳû뵽λ׼ҵϼȻֲĲȨܴ󰡡
෴ģλ׼ϼȻʦǿʵżҺּҵϼ
Ļ׼Ҿ֮ˡ


33 Զ
ˣСʲôΪ¾׿ˣаڴ֮ǰսʿ𣿡޸պȻʵ
Ҷǳŵ˵үүͷİɣںϻ֣ҵʵһٴﵽսʿ磬ʱ䣬һ̤սʿ硣
ʲôսʿ磡޸Զʱ
ıˣ뵱ҶǳʼѧԺΪֹҲͲµʱ䡣̶ڣҶǳȻսʿ硣
ٶȣֱ񻰣漣ûгֹһš
ѩɭսʿ磬ǳɹں˻֣ҵʵٴһΡҶǳ͵ϾҲ֪ԼٶЩס
޸ո̾Сӻһĺܺ棬ҪӢûзϵ㣬ڿ±ּҵ콾Ҫҫۡ
콾ߣҶǳ֣ʱһ
޸΢΢һЦҲ֪Ҷǳ콾ĶԹɵ˵Сӣ콾ڿ˲ãѧԺԺǺһλµ۹үǧ𶩻飬µ۹һŵˡ
֮ڣһᳬԽġҶǳᶨ˵ָսǣӵ̫𣬵Ȼǳš
꣡޸΢΢һЦҲͷ˵ãڴ㳬Խ
үүȻȥˣһ׼ʱҶǳ΢΢Ц
ȥɣ޸յ˵ͷ

ᡣ
ҶǳϥĦԼϵɫָ˲â˸ͳġ
ʱƵ⻹ϴ赤һ͸Ҷǳ
콾ѾѧԺԺֳΪһսĳʵٶȺܿ졣ٲӿٶȣҪ׷֪Ҫȵ¡
Ҷǳĵҧҧ˾
ȻĸȣҪϾֻзΪٶȳԽ콾
£ҶǳȥȻʼ
ѾΪսʿЧԽԽ֮ҲֻǽΪսʿڡ
ЧҶǳЩ⡣
ΪЧҲԽԽˣұҪõСҶǳ漴뵽
ֻǣڲŸ̤һӵ̫𣬶ʱҲѳɹƳһ
ҪȥˣϣԼ졣
գҶǳȡһϴ赤СŪһˮʼϴ
ȻΪ˼ӿٶȶҶǳҲϣԼĸȣԺ֮·ԱҪϴ
ں̫ʹ࣬Ҷǳϴƽˣʹ࣬͵ں̫ȣǼֱС׼ס
Ҷǳֱ֮սΧ
ں̫̫֮ٶȣǰʮ
ԣһ죬Ǿ൱ǰʮˡ
û֮УҲ㹻̤սʿˡҶǳ뵽г˿
׿һأǹˡ
ҪΪԼԺˣճԽ콾Ŀꡣ
ڴ֮ǰҪ̤սС
ֻгΪսлμѧԺĿˣܹѧԺȥѧϰ
ĻҶǳûԴʦ̵⿿ԼУȲӵԴʦ̵콾

峿ġ
һ磬Ҷǳ޸ջϣ˳޳ֲȥ
ڣ޸տҶǳЦ˵Ҫţںֵ˷ǳϡ٣ÿһӵкܸߵǱ츳һġ
ҲֻҪΪһмʦҶǳ˵
޸Զʱ漴ЦСӣΪƵҩ𣿾츳ٺãûмĹҲΪмʦ
үүΪҲںϻ֣أҶǳٺЦ
޸նʱҭסˣҶǳܹɹںϻ֣ȷ֮⡣
үүһǾ仰Ϊʲô飬ҲȥôһɹǣȥѣҲгɹĻᡣҶǳĿᶨ˵
СӴò٣޸պһȴ޷
ʼѧԺǾֲԶ޸յ޳ٶȺܿ죬ʱ˱Ĵſڡ
ȥ֪ͨǲ˵޸ˡ޸޳ֱӶſڵ˵
޸Ժ뵽ϢƬ̣͸֪ˡȻʶʼѧԺԺæŰ޸Ҷǳ˽ȻҴȥ֪ͨԶˡ
ûãһ㴫ˡ
Сգʲôˣ㲻ĻʼѧԺѧҵʲôҸ𣿡
һЦҶǳ㿴һԾĺ׷˽лƲ
ֻ߶޸յĳƺҶǳɵһݸ
һԵ޸֮ɫɵúݺݵһۣŭˣСգû𣿡
˵գ޸תͷҶǳ˵ϼһĲԶԺͷˡ
Զԣ΢΢һЦ漴ĿתҶǳЦôĸ𣿡
ҪӣҼʮҲԸ⡣޸տЦ
Ҷǳæ԰Զ˹˵Ҷǳǰ
Ҷǳҵ˵ϹиӽǳѲɾ㣿ԶĲϢȻͨһҶǳ֣ʱҶǳݡ
һԵ޸ߵǳСӣ˵ͿɺޣְСȢһ񶾵ϱǶСӵĸףǷϵСӵһΪСʼѧԺѰҵıӣ¾ͱǶǸˡ
ٺ٣żûһǺöҵͶϹ˵ˣְСӸżҪ˵ʲôŮ¸ĸں˰ɡԶЦ
ҲֻˣδСΪᣬѧϰ֮޸հֵ
ԶɵÿҶǳ˵ŶҪѧϰ˺Ϊʦ
ҪΪʦл֣ܶ˲ںĻֻ֣ܰһλʦΪʦȡðȫĻںϡ
ԣԶдһʡ
һԵ޸ԤϣЦͷСӿûа˭ΪʦԼȥѩɭںĻ֡
ģԶʱݣΪ޸ϣĹϵҶǳᣬȴû뵽ҶǳȻںĻ֣жʱ𾪲ѡ
ȻģҶСӣĻչֳ޸Ц
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ƣһųɫĻ棬Χ¶ȶʱࡣ
ȻںĻ֣ϢдԶһɵõ˵ͷΪһм۷ʦȻܹҶǳĻǷġ


34 
ͷôû˵ɡһԵ޸տԶԾӣʱЦ
ԶһۣߵֲӣƨҪҲϹˣ治֪С˶ְСôĵĶӾȻһһ
ǰڽҶǳѾּû˿ϵˡԱߵҶǳԣɵ˵
Զһ̾˵ôҲּҵѪʼոı䲻ˡ
Ҫ˵ˣСƢأ͵һӡ޸Ц˵
Զҡҡͷ˵ˣϼһͷȥɣСԺ͸ɡ
ιιιͷС츳ܸߣǵ㱾£ʸʦ𣿡һԵ޸նʱˡ
ҺôҲһм۷ʦֲĲСӵʦ´ˡԶһ󴵺ӵۡ
޸ԲмأСطһ߼ʦûУʲôֵýġ
ϼһǲܣԶʱ߳ŭ
УɲҵĶ֡޸չЦ
ϻ쵰Ҳ㣡Զ˵žߣӣ޸ճ˹ȥ
һԵҶǳɵ÷˷ۣͷƵģȻ棬ֱŤһקͷҧ첲Ȼˡ
үү
ڴʱһͬݺö
ҶǳɵûͷȥһȹŮӴ˽Լʮӣȫɫȹ棬Ҳڲסľʡ
һľŮҶǳвɵһޡ
ʼѧԺҲŮǽޱȣͬСȸǱĸ軵Ľ˿ǰôľŮҶǳǵһοɵö࿴˼ۡ
˰޸տȹŮʱſԭסԶ֣ڨڨЦ
ٺ٣ŮԶҲſץס޸ն֣һ·Цӭ
ת죡
Ҷǳֹţ۾ȴǺؿȹŮϾŮ˭ϲľŮ
үүѵүүһΣ㲻˼ݲ裬ȻˣҲ̫˰ɡȹŮ˵öǳ
ԶٺЦϼһǷᡣ
ҿСӲǷᣬ£Ӧúúøѧϰѧϰ޸ߵȹŮִЦݣþûֱƯˣôӦýмʦ˰ɡ
ϻһԵİԶ˵Ҽл֣ǾԵţѾǰΪмʦˡ
ҶǳԲɵȻȹŮҲ͸СȻѾмʦˡңԷл֡
뵽Լһں˻֣Էл֣Ҷǳжʱһơ
үүȲ裡ȹŮʱѾ޸һ裬˳ԶҶǳҲһ
ҶǳǰʱЩɬ˵ã
лҶǳæл
޸Ц˵Ҹһ£СӽҶǳҺүүһѵӣֻͬһ꣬ǻʼѧԺмѧԱ
漴ֿҶǳ˵ҶСӣǰͷŮ׼ҵǧС㣬ɱȰͷöˣԺҪչ˼ҡ
ϻ쵰˵ܹܣô˰һԵİԶʱˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢ǷǷҶ磡
òض񣡡Ҷǳæ̧С
Զʱ˵ҶǰѩɭںһĻ֣Ϊ˼ᣬȴȥתת˽һᡣ
˵գԶֿҶǳ˵ȳȥתתҵ¾͸Ϳѧϰˡ
Ҷǳԣɵÿ޸գ˵үүڻʼѧԺѧϰأ
м඼ǴӵģѾսʿˣûҪѧУѧϰͰڴѧϰɣѧԺһٵġ޸˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˹һ뿪˴
ǲȥӰ޸ղɵЦ˵ôС޺ܰɣ
Զüͷһ漴޸գŭðϼһԭڴұŮע⣡
Ҫ˵ôҶСӵ츳ҿԸƱڱּңȫ׸ǰ׼ңСǿˣϼһﻹҪлء޸ߵ
ߣǾͿСܱܲҼұŮˣ¸㣬ҼұŮȻľ۹ҲܸߡԶҲߵ
ٺ٣ҶҶСӺģ͵űɡ޸չЦ
ϻ쵰Զʱŭ

˴ҶǳŰǰʯ·ȥ
Ҷ磬ȻɹںĻ֣ԵĶţ˵ᣬȴǳ
Ҷǳ˰֣Цӵл֣һǲ̫ԶˣһСһ꣬ȴѾΪмʦˣҲһˣҲŶ㾴мأ
ҳЩˣҶںĻ֣ǼֱһǿǿܼġڳΪмʦҲҴС͸үүѧϰҪҶҲôʱѧϰֻҵĳɾ͸ߡǫѷ
ǺǣҲҪവˣȻǶҪˡҶǳЦŰ˰֡
ҶĬһЦʱͬʢһԵҶǳˡ
Ҷ磬㿴ʲôأҶǳɵðҶǳһۡ
ҶǳڨڨһЦ漴˵Цÿ
ҶǳΪˣǰʮ꣬һ˶ȹѹûŮˣʱͬꡣ
Ҷ磬ᣡЩɬɵüӿŲǰȥ
Բ𡭡Ҷǳæ׷ȥ
ܴ󣬻һʱ䣬ҶǳתһȦͬʱŰĽ⣬Ҳ˽һЩ
ҪΪ֣һǵãá
ΪףʵȨֻʦܼСãһЩͶǿսʿԼսʿ
Ϊս½󳬼֮һᵱȻҲԼװ⿿ʦô󳬼أ
Ϊ˵õĵҩΪ˵õͻƵĵҩЩǿսʿԸᣬΪʦֻܼãƽ𱣻ʦǵİȫͬʱҲʦƵҩȨ
ҶǳҪıǵãڵ棬רʦĵԺԺʦмʦԺǰԶֲ
ҶǳʱŰǰԺ
Ȼһ֮ͣȴͻȻǰ
ҶǳôңҶǳЩȣ漴ҶǳԱߵİʱʱиһ˿ʣɵôȵ
ôҿΪʲôҶǳҲû뵽ң漴Ц


35 ս
ᣬҶǳҳ˼ۺ죬˶ݺݵصŶԷ
һԵİЩ֣ɵý͵ңҶģҶ磬õˡ
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Ҷǳԣɵýһ漴ٶȶ
ЦƾСҲ᣿ЦҪᣬҲսʿΪСӻʸ񡣡
ŶỹΪƣô֪Ҷǳߵ
һԵİæ˵Ҷ磬ֻмãսʿΪơ
˵գңٴ˵ңҶںĻ֣Ҫ뵤á
ʲô
ܣ
ԣʱɫ䣬ŵؿҶǳ
ҶǳǳһĨЦݣԭòΪưϧҶԼûȤﻹøɡ
ôںϻ֣֪ˣɫĻ棬ȻںˣҶǳ־ŭû뵽ҶǳȻɽں˻֡
⻹Ҫлأû㣬ҲǸĻ֣ӲܽںϡҶǳҪңʱЦ
ҧ۾һƬ죬г˷ŭͻںޡ
û뵽ҶǳȻɹں˻֣ʵڳ֮⡣
ңÿһҪҶȥι۵Ժһǰʱü˵
ҲǶݺݵضҶǳҶǳҪսûӽ£
ң㶼ѾǻʼѧԺ߼ѧԱˣȻսһмѧԱҲ̫޳˰ɡüͷĸˡ
Ȼûֻ۾Ҷǳôһǲң
ûȤҶǳ˵
˵գҶǳƹңȥ
ԣͫ漴ҶǳıӰŭҶǳų򣬲Ҳ㣬˭ֻּҵһŮֻҹøƺһֶѣһͼ
ס죡
Ҷǳһŭת˫Ŀ֮гɱ⣬䶢ң˵ٸ裬Ҿ㡣
ǿҵɱʱ̲סһ
Һܿ߳ŭҶǳЦôŭǾͽҵսڻʼѧԺĲٳһսųҴӦ𣿡
Ҷûսû˿ȤҪսңǾóʮӮ˾͹˭Ҷǳ˵
һ㶣漴һּŵķܹóʮ𣿡
ҿүү裬𣿡Ҷǳߵ
ҿԽҶʮһԵİ˵мʦӵʮ
Цһ˵ãȻҸ˶ڻʼѧԺĲٳһս
ǵôʮҲ㣡Ҷǳߵ
ߣˣҲġһת뿪ˡ
ҶǳͰŵԺȥ
·ϣǵҶ磬ΪʲôҪӦҵսһѩɭ֣Ӧ֪Ѿ̤սʿŶԡ
ôûģҶǳЦ˵
ҶȻм࣬Ǿһṳ̂սʿ硣˵
Ҳֻսʿ磬Ըң㹻ˡҶǳŵ˵
Ҷ硭Ȱ˵ȴҶǳϡ
ĺˣں˻ֵ֣ĹǺǿģԸŸո̤սʿĴȫ㹻ˡҶǳЦ˵
Ͼһΰ̾ȻרһҲǳսʿ֮䣬һǶôĲࡣ
ңսʿǸ߼սʿսʿмսʿ֮Ĳ࣬͸Ӵˡ
ǺǣǲţǻʼѧԺĲٳսɡҶǳԵúţ˵Ҳսʿ磬ǰսʿ磬ҲаҶԸ
ϾҶǳѾսʿˣǵŸ̤ѩɭʱսʿ
ʱһȥġ˵ͷ
ι굤Ժ֮˱һص˴ȻҶǳ޸ձ뿪ᣬʼѧԺȥˡ
ĿȥԶߵİЦ˵ҶǳСô
Ҷ˺ܺã΢Ц˵
Զʱˣɣǰżҡּҡ޼ҵЩСӣǸû£ôŸҶСദ죬Ϳˣ
ʲôаүү㾡˵Խߵص˰Զһۡ
ԶٺЦ˵˵ҶСӵʲôżҡ޼ҡּҵЩСӶ𣿡
үүżҡּҺ޼ҵЩӵܣСͽʳŽԿ׳ᣬһʵǿ󡣵ʵǶǿżְ֧ˣԼûһ㱾£ֻһȺԵĸѣȻԸΪ顣˵
Զ˵ͷο˵˵ĺܺãЩСӣûмõģǧǡҶСҲǴּҳģҲһ𣿡
үүҶǲͬҶּҼ˽ӣСӾ͹ĺܼࡣңԳɹںĻ֪־жôǿˣЩĸԱģ˵
СӺкøаԶʱЦ
үүص˰Զһۣ˵үү㶼뵽ȥˣҲźҶһμѣʲôøУֻ־ǿˣԸΪѣʲô˼
ǺǣǾȴѿʼɡԶǺЦ
ᣬˣûӶСȭͷ˰Զһ£תˣֻ¹ЦİԶ

ڶ죬Ҷǳǰѧϰˡ
Ҷǳûн뵤ԺѧϰǺͰһ𣬸ԶѧϰǿСɡ
ѧϰĵһ죬ԶͽһܺƤ齻Ҷǳ˵ҶСӣѧϰĵһǱҩģ¼ųʦҪҩģ㽫ȥؽҩȫǣסǵҩԺҩǧܸ
ô񣿶ҪסҶǳֱȻһ£ⱾƤĺ磬ʱЩȡ
ߣֲһͼסˣܹ֮ڼסͲˡԶߵ
һԵİЦҶ磬һһͼסŶ
ҼұŮȺСӿԱģܹڸҼסˡԶЩ˵
ꣿҶǳһЦȻⱾܺ񣬵Ҫ˵ܼסǸһЦ
ǰʮ궼ڶ飬ΪˣǳԽǰƤ飬꣬¾ȫǡ
ˣȥǾˣҪнôƿػ棬ǳΪʦҪһԶ漴˵
Ҷǳɫʱ֮ǰüʧܣΪûпƺû棬¹һ



36 ѧϰ
ʵҪƻܼ򵥣ֻҪĸּɡ
Ƶҩʱٿػ棬һƿػĴСͶ٣Щֻɲܹĵ

Զϸš
Ҷǳɵ÷ʣүү˼ֻҪҾƵҩȻ𣿡
ҲУôҩ˷𣿡ԶЦ˵
ҶǳεԴҡҡͷ
򵥵ĵҩҪҩҲһļֵһּҸϳ˽ӣ޷ģǮЩҩġ
ԣҶǳʵүүǻķ𣿡
ȻУԶЦ˵ղ˵ǸȻҲУ̫ķǮƣҺķѵʱҲ࣬һ㲻ʺʦѧϰҽҪķʦϰƿػ÷Сһ¡
ŶҶǳɵÿһԵİ
ѾΪмʦҪҶǳһӻʼϵƽڿһЩ鼮ԼƵҩ
ʱڿһ飬ԶĻʱе鱾ҶǳЦҶ磬ϸá
˵գ̧һֻƣĶʱðһɫĻ档
һ̣ɫĻ棬ȻһֻɫСչ裬գҶǳǰȻַϸ߿գΪһѤ̻¡
ҶǳħõһĻˣʵ˼ˣͬӵл֣ȻֿܹƵֵزֱ˼顣
еҶǳԶЦ˵ڿƻ棬ѾԽңﵽ˸߼ʦĳ̶ȡȱٵıǻֻۣҪ㹻߼ʦ׾١
г˵ЦݣϾıŮһǰ;޿ɵŮȻޱԺ
Ҷǳ֮ɫ
΢΢һЦ˵Ҷ磬ֻҪϰҲﵽĵزȲҪƻС񣬶ǱһЩ򵥵ƷȻƻַߣټѶȡ
˵գٴ̧֣۳һΣȻֱһԲΣٱһΣɫɢ
̧ͷҶǳЦҶ磬ȴӼ򵥿ʼѧȻѶȣʲôʱܹûõĶ뿪ģôʹƻƼҩΪʦˡ
ˣҶǳ˵ͷ漴ƣĻ֣ͷų
һףܿ죬һųɫĻҶǳ۶ɢȵ¶ȡ
ҶǳɫأһŻ棬ʼһΡ
ȻεߣŤŤģЩЦ
Ҷǳɵεղſĺףͺˡ
Ҷ磬ϰԺͻˡ΢΢һЦ
һԵİԶҲЦСӣΪΪʦ𣿾츳ȺҲϰʮ꣬߳Ŀػ𾳽硣
ˣȻȥ֮һÿϰġҶǳ˵ͷ
ţҩĺͿƻ棬㶼ڼϰ㽲ҩҩ֮Ĵ䣬оǴڸһЩĿػһľٳƵҩԶ˵
Ҷǳٶȵͷ
Ŀγ̾ЩˣΪ֮ҩʱ̫ˣһ֮ڣҶǳҪѧϰʮҩ֮Ĵ䣬Ҫ
ⶫֻڲ˭ҪǸȥܵ׷ɱ
ҶǳȻѧϰĶ򵥵ĵҲڶ࣬ⶾаٰʮ֣жϾⶾҲУҪ¶ϾʦҲҪЩԱֶΡ
βĵҩΪĵҩʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҷǳǰʮ궼ڲħԿǹ¶ıһ鼮ˣѧϰⷽ츳֪ʶٶðԶЩ𾪡

ּҡ
ӢǰңɵúҶոս߼࣬æѧϰ֪ʶôп
ãҪǹҶǳСӵġҳ˵
ǸС֣
Ӣɫʱһ˵ǸСַʲô˻ˣ
ãССӣϴҲǸ˵֮ѩɭûɱΪŻͻȻֵԵ𡣿Ǵ֪СӲöһ٣ں˻֣ںǸĻ֡ɫ˵
ʲô
ôܣ
һ򶨵Ӣ˻ʱɫ䣬ŵվ
ңҧ˵ô֪Ϣģ׼ȷ𣿡
ˣ޸մҰͷΪıðͷᡣҲǰҧг˼ʺͷŭ
ǿǻְǳǿĻ֣˭ںϣ
ںϻ֣ǶǾһ顣
ս½ʦУʮ˵УƲһʦںĻֵģеֻãӵлֵġ
֮ںϻΣյ飬ֻҪһˣûԸɡ
ôǿĴڣҲԪʱ򣬲Ÿںϻ֣ƴһ¡
ʵ޷ҶǳȻں˻֣СôֵȻܳɹֱһ漣
ںϻֺĺôҲǷǳģзǳҶǳ
ʺʹޣѾǿҵɱ⡣
ҧɫӢ˵ãѾսˣѾˡǾѧԺĲٳһսҪԷʮʱһúýѵġ
սʮ
ӢԲɵüͷ˵Ҷ̫³çˣȻѾں˻֣ʵɲ⣬ôս
ҲǲŸոںϻֶѣΪֻսʿ磬ṳ̂ѩɭ֮ǰѾսʿڸսʿڣѵ򲻹ŵ˵֮ǰܴҶǳھ͸ˡ
ӢҲе˵ȻѾԼսˣô˵ʲôˣɣһˣҸ
лãҶʱϲɫӢʵΪ˽ġ
ȻżҼӣżҼֲֹһӣõҲޡ
һΣҳΪսʿ߼࣬żҸ߲ҶǳĶעȻֻӢ
ңһӮҶǳӢҲܰҪȥ
ʱټҶǳʮ˶ʮ
ʮ̤սʿˣڸ߼࣬Ҳҵһϯ֮ءҰ뵽ʵżҵλҲ֮ߡ
ȻһеǰᣬûҶǳС

䣬ʱ䣬תۼ
֮ڣҶǳĽǳĿػ𾳽Ҳܿ죬԰ΡΡԲЩ򵥵״õˡ
츳ðԶͰˡ
ǰһʱҲ㻨һʱ䡣
ȻʱͻСѧϰ϶ôġ֮ҶǳҲţҲҪ²С
СӾһ̬ԶܵĴأ츳ﵽҶǳز㻨ʱ䣬Ѿǲˣῴأ˽ĵλ
֪Ҷǳ츳жôߡ


37 
ȻĽܴ󣬵ҶǳȻԼеġΡģ뿪Լƣһ뿪ƣΡģ;ͻԶɢάֲס
ԴˣҶǳԵЩƣ̾ҵĿ̫˰
Ҷ磬Ѿúܺˡ
ԱߵİԶߵСӣΪҪûģ뿪ƣͿԳΪʦˣͳΪʦ𣿡
ٿҶǳڨڨһЦ漴˿ɫɫһˣҺҵԼսǽ죬ҵȥʼѧԺԼˡ
ԣʱü΢壬ˮ۾渡ֳһĨ֮ɫҶ磬Ҫȥ𣿡
ǵȻɷһŵǧ𣬼ȻӦսܲȥ˿ЦҶǳᶨ˵
һԵİԶ̾ҶСӣҲ֪츳żصѾսʿڵΪսʿڣһ󾳽磬һֲܴľ磬츳ٸҲѻ
үүں˻𣿡ҶǳЦ˵
ߣںϻ־˲𣿻Ȼǿ󣬵ҲҪƣĿػ𾳽磬ԸҵȻ׾٣Ÿոѧϰػ𣬸޷ӳֵսʱﲻʲôԶߵ
ǰҶ磬㻹ǱȥˣֲȥʼѧԺϿΣʲôЦ㣿㽫ʵǿˣ͸û˸ЦˣԺΪʦ˰ͽ㶼Ц㡣ҲԱȰ˵
Ҷǳȴҡҡͷվᶨ˵үүǲȰˣҶǳ˵ĻǾһҪõνأһŵǧʲôˣ
Ҷ硭һ̾ʱ֪˵ʲô
ԱߵİԶߵȰСˣǿˣСȻҶˣǹﻹƥľǿԸ˵ٶ඼ûá
Ҷ磬һȥɣ˵Ҳûʮעʮҽˡ漴˵
ǳû˵͸ҶǳΪ֪ҶǳҪĶ˵ֻҶǳеΡ
ȻҶǳԣʱмлãҵȷûʮģĻСӣʱͻ㡣
Сӣ󻰱˵̫ˣҿ㻹ǴЩ˵ĵҩȥû׼СӵʱᱻԶߵ
үүҲ̫Сˣ͵ҵĺϢɡҶǳٺһЦ漴Ͱһ뿪ᣬǰʼѧԺ

ʱʼѧԺĲٳϣѾɽ˺ˣмѧԱ඼ˡ
߼࣬Ҳ˲ˣ͸Ӻ䶯ˡ
Ҫ֪߼ѧԱѾʮ߰ˣҶսʿϵľ磬ѾڿҵѧԱƽǲЩͼ顣
ԼսλǵУұǸ߼ѧԱҲ˲ͬǰ
Ϊֵ̫󣬻ʼѧԺĸ߲»£ԾһλʦС
ʦǱˣѩҶǳǰڳʦҲʶҲǵˡ
ʱѾǰˣĿţ̤볡УһӮ˵̬
˫֣ɨΧȺһۣҶǳûɵ¶֮ɫЦʦҿҶǳǲˣûϵѾϵˣֻôҰһˣĳеʮֲ
ߣ˵̫Сĵʱղ˳ѩһͲϲִӵܣߵ
Ҳ⣬ŲԶ߼ѧԱֵлλǰսѾں¥˾ϯǲ顣
٣̫ˡ߼ѧԱ˵Ҳǿҵϣźߵһġ
٣ԸһмСӣõô𣿾ӮˣҲ֤ʲôαأɻʵ
΢΢һЦ˵СѾʮˣȴṳ̂սʿ磬׿˿϶޷ͨʱҪʼѧԺҾãַǾȥȻĻήǻʼѧԺĸ
˵еʮˣṳ̂սʿ磬ȷΪǻʼѧԺѧԱǸҪϳѧԺ
һȺ˶ʱȻ򣬷׷׼Ҷǳ
ԶͰһҶǳѾЩĻˣǳһĨЦ
ö˰С죬
ΪֻҶǳˣôҲû뵽ǵⳡԼսȻ˴ʼѧԺѧԱǰʦˡ
ӦǼһŪģҪǰңøߣҶǳߵ
гЦ
ΪűʤİգֻԼ
£ҶǳŰųȥ
쿴Ҷǳˣ

СӾҶǳ𣿿ȷͺܴ󣬶ʮˣṳ̂սʿ磬ôǻʼѧԺģ

ҶǳĵΧһ
ҲҶǳɵɭЦҶǳˣҵܾˣΪ㲻û뵽㻹е㵨
ַѾǵһμʶˣѵ㣿ҶǳЦ
ߣ죬ǲ֪ϵĹǷȵϵĹ򡣡ߵҲŭϾϾܺҶǳһˡ
ɣ㣬ֻҪһֻ־ˡҶǳֱӶҹ˹ָһĲмûðɣͳˡ
һԣʹÿ֮еնʱѹ֡
ΧսȺһɴ۾ȫעؿš
Ǿãһս϶쳣ľʡ
½ĸ߼ѧԱѾ̤սʿ磬ҶǳֻмѧԱ֮ǰѩɭѡϱֺܾˣѾΪ˻ʼѧԺˡ
ԣһεԼսνǺ䶯ʼѧԺ
ٳϣѩƳһңٿҶǳ˵˵ⳡжעѶעɣһʤһ
ʦҶǳһ漴ʮλʦǺ𾴵ġ
Ҳ˹óʮѩ漴ԱߵҶǳЦҶǳлʮˣȻҪ̤սʿڣ뻹ҪĹ򡣡
ҲҪл㣬ʮ׿֮ǰһ̤սʿ硣Ҷǳ΢΢һ̣ͬЦ
ߣԲѣҿǵȲ׿ˣҪϳʼѧԺˡߵ
Կɣһֻ־ѹ㣬ԸͶԸһһ򵥡ҶǳԴҧгݡ
һԵѩԵӣպеĶʮ漴˵ȻǶѾ׼ˣǾͿʼɣǻʼѧԺѧǱԵʱҪ㵽Ϊֹܰ˸ˡ
ʦνۣȭ飬µʱһƲסɭЦ
ҲһҶǳһЦϴαѩɭ׷ɱҪˣڵȵᣬȻܴ
ѩȵƲסҲУ˭ҪǴ˶ԷҲҹʼѧԺ
ҶǳҶʱҶԣߵϣ˴ӣһɱһϬޱȣ֮еնʱ
Χսˣסȴǽ֡


38 Ǻ
ٳϣҶǳ俴ŶңҲɭضҶǳ
ˣԣ˴жɱ
ܴ㣬ҲҪЦ
ҶǳֱתͷԺ˵ȥ֪ͨҽң׼һܣá
Ŀɿڴ˵˻𰡣Ȼôԣһ㶼档
ƣҪѩǿ²ֳһǲˡ
ߣСǾҿϵĹΣԴŭֱӳҶǳ־սƣս߶£ƶһƬɫЯųҵ¶ȣҶǳɱ
¡¡
Ʒǳۻ룬ȵ¶Χ죬һƬ쫷硣
ӰͬһֻԱ߸Ծ𣬺ݺݵϵҶǳ
Ҷǳֻɫƣɵ¶һ˿أһﲻ̤սʿ磬ѾʼԷӳսˡ
Ҷǳû˿ɵ˷ֱӭҵһƺȥ
ժ֣ҶǳΨһһսҲǿһս
Ҷǳ̤սʿ磬ս֪ǰǿ˶ٱȫ߶֮£ƶһƬ貵ǹ⣬쳣ҫ۶Ŀ
ȥɣɭȻЦɫƺݺݵѹ
ߣҶǳЦһĲмժֱӭȥ
䣡˵ƣʱݺݵײһ𣬱һɺ֮
һ̣һӰɳȥѪݺݵ˦˵ϡ
˿ǵӰʱ򣬲ɵõһг˺Ȼ˼顣
Ϊ⵹ɳȥӰҶǳѾ̤սʿҡ
ֺŴ٣Ѿ̤սʿţѾ߼ѧԱȻһмѧԱˡ
ңܵôңܵôɴ࣬ȫҶǳĶ֡
ˣ׷𾪣ȫŵؿҶǳ
һȻԽһλսʿʲô츳
⻹Ƿ
˵ҶǳǷʲôʲôеķ
ҶԱ߹սİҲɵסӣС죬Ծ֮ɫ
ѾʶҶǳ츳ȴǵһμʶҶǳ츳ȻԽң츳Կ¡
ǳҵĵϸһȻҲһӵܣû̻¥ϲ׷һֱŬʵ츳ڳм඼Űѧ
ҶǳһͨսʿȻ𾪣ûеĵز
ҿɲһͨսʿ츳Ⱥսƣ̤սʿڡ
ɴ˿ɼҶǳ츳жôǿ
Ҷ½ѧԺ뵽
ѧԺս½ѧԺ֮һʦսԺһλ߸ϵսǿߡ
ʣѧԺս½սʿʥء
ѧԺǳϸֻеţܹѧԺ
ĻʼѧԺһҲֻ˽ѧԺֻ콾һ˴ţǽԺ
ɴ˿ɼҪѧԺжôѡ
Ҷǳ츳ȥһս磬϶кܴѧԺġ
ǻڿʲô콫̧ȥȻ𣿡ΧĵȺҶǳɵָǼ߼ѧԱȵ
߼ѧԱʱЩŭҲܿѪֻܺݺݵصҶǳһۣȻ̧뿪
Ҷǳȴѩʦ
ŵúšѩЦŽʮҶǳ
Ҷǳæл
ѩҶǳܾã̾Ŀ׿֮ǰ̤սʿˣò˵޸ոԺ۹ãǻʼѧԺһλǿš
ʦˡҶǳǫ˵
ǺǣúŬɣҾкܴϣѧԺʱҲ콾һΪҫ۵šѩ˵գתȥ
ҶǳѩȥıӰĿᶨ˵ʦͿŰɣһᳬԽ콾ġ
ʱ򣬰ϲҶǳʤ
ζлˡҶǳʮ
ҲûпʮϾ֪Ҷǳĺǿңôصı
˵Ц뿪˻ʼѧԺ
ңҽ֮󣬵֪ԼܸҶǳɵٴһѪٴ˹ȥ
ٴʱг˲ʺͷŭ
һƺأҪڴɰˣҪȫָƵõײС
ѾҶǳ׺ˡ
֪ͨҴ磬һҪСӣҶǼ߼ѧԱŭ
߼ѧԱȻвˬҲҲΪҵĴ磬Ǹ߼Űһǿߣç
ç˲ʵǿΪ˾սʿ磬Ϊ˿ͰԵҶҪŰ裬ܶ߼ѧԱԹĿҪ
ҶǳСӹҪùˡ
⼸߼ѧԱЩֻ뵽

ʱҶǳѾ˻ȥٴλصʼѧԺ
СѾ׼ҶǳҴҳ֮󣬱ϻصˡ
֪ʮܹҵΪʲô̶ȡҶǳóӮʮɵ¶˷֮ɫ
Ұ㻹ҵĸǣϴڻʼ԰׷ɱңȴ˰ʯθ͸ʮһҪúøлУ
Ҷǳгʹ죬ҪĻ»ᱻ
ҶǳŲô࣬ϷʼΪ
ˬ̺˻ҶǳҪˣ죬Ҫġ
ܿ죬ҶǳΪڿš
һֱʮҶǳսʿڽսʿڣսʿ۷ҲԶˡ
ϴεηʮΪͶöˡ
ڶ峿Ҷǳ۾ʱ¶Цݡ
սʿڣʵִˣսʿӽӽˡ
ھûڣҲԴﵽսʿ۷壬ڣһ̤սʿ硣
ҶǳŴĽŵ˵
ʱ׿˻£㹻ͨ׿ˡ
£Ҷǳվչһ½ǣȻС׼õͣҴҸȥˡ
ҪѧϰϾֻгΪʦԺΪĸ졣
֮·Ҫȥܷ
ͬʱƻ棬Ҳܹǿʵ
ҵһսҶǳͷ̫ãʩչȻ޴󣬵е¶ȴֱ̫ɣƷ
Ҷǳãܹٿֲ̫̫¶ȣսٴǿ
ںֵĺôԽֵ״߷˴ڵĻ֣ȴǳƽûֿ񱩵ֻܰԼս


39 г
ᡣ
ҶǳͰһظŰԶѧϰ֪ʶĿػ𾳽ҲڲţһЩΡ֮⣬ܱóһЩȽϸӵĶ籭ӡȵȡ
һ⣬Щ뿪ģͻԶɢ
һҶǳһơ
ͻһ޷ΪʦҲ޷
Ҷ磬żѧϰ죬ѾܿˣٿĻ޵ˡһйҶǳɵÿЦ
ҶǳЦţ֪ˣʱ䲻ˣȥԷɡ
ţ΢΢һЦ
漴ǰʳá
ʳúܴеúõ˶Էһλ£ʼˡ
ڴʱһ
ãþûˣĻ𣿡
һ꣬ʮ߰ӣݿΣͦΣڷīüޣĿǳ
ĵΧС˺ܶ࣬õ˿¶ɵ֮ɫ
ǰ죡
ʼѧԺ߼һ
׼ϵӵܵһˡ

ΧһЩ
Ҷǳɵó˿ȥȻԷûпһۣһ˫ͬǳһӣǰİ
ԭ磬㲻ڻʼѧԺôпˣ΢΢һЦ
ЦȻ̫ˣصһ㣬ɫܺãҾͷĶˡ
лģЦ
΢΢һЦ漴һԵҶǳһ˿ɫ˵û𣿻ҺóԷ
ôλд𣿡ҶǳЦӰĿпһ˿⣬Ȼ߲ơ
뵽ԷղŶ԰̬ȣǰˡ
ͬĻҲ˵飡ؿҶǳһĹâͬĵһ㣬Ҷǳ
ҶǳΪӣİһЩˣЦ˵ããԵ㡣
һԵİ״ͫһҶǳ
ղԾæ˵磬ҶѣǲҪͻ
ѣҶǳһۣ漴жʱ͵Цݣ˵ã̫ˣǰ׼ҵǧС㣬ݷǷЩ˲֪߳ܣӽ㡣
Ҷ粻ǱˣҲˣһүүѧϰ˵
ԣжʱ˼ʣҶǳ񣬸ˡ
˭Ҷǳ˵ӳڴʱһŭȴʳ洫˶䶼һ顣
Ҷǳԣüͷ΢΢ô£һ鷳ġ
Ϊû
Ҳüͷ˵çôˣҶǳ磬ѵΪҵ飿
ĳЩ˲֪ΪеʵܹڻʼѧԺŰ衣ãòҪһ𣬷ۣçɲǸƲ磬ɲںݡһԵİЦҶǳĿг˳֮ɫ
ߣ
Ҷǳһֱվȥ
Ȼ˼ѾҵˣȻ㲻ȥ
Ҷ磬ȵңǸçɲǣǾսʿæȥ
ãʱһҲȥ
ʳ⣬ʱվһ߰˳ߵĴ󺺣ݺᣬһ˫۾ɢҰԵĹâһͷͻԵ͡
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ÿҶǳҪõһϴ赤ϴԼȹ̸
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44 
޸տǰҶǳг𺳣ֱãŸ̾ѹ㵱ʮһս磬츳µ۹ŵˡ
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45 ë
çһ뿪֮󣬰˹ضҶǳҶǳòԸʵϵģʶ࣬ԶãçһأҲԲ˶ߵġ
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46 
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㣬ۣүȻɽʧܣȴۡףսǣǶսǣ£ѹСѧսȻĻ
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ëм˵ڱүǰһж޷أүֹӵսǣСһΪдǳԵҩģֱԾĹ
ôȻҲҩҺϴúι̡Ҷǳ
ι̣ëЦȥֹսʾ磬̤ս𾳽磬˵սˡǿ츳ֱܻˣСӲỹûʦɣֻҪһսʸָ㣬Ҳ䵽³
սʣҶǳЦڵʵߵҲһսȥսʡ
ŶԭһСطҲѹ֡ںˣбүڣҪʲôսʰүһս񡣡ëȻ˵
ҶǳƲ㻹˵˵ҵʲô
ȻֻëЩΣغ⣬ҶǳҲҴ⡣
ϾĿս񣬶սʡ
ˣëЦսʿս磬ǴģԲܳԵҩһҲУΪҩֶϴûãƻ
ô죿Ҷǳɫʱֻë˵е
ûа취ģϾѾ˵ҩСӾȻں˻֣һ͸һᡣ
ëտտضҶǳֱҶǳЩëż˵ү괴һ幦̫ʥ塷ֻҪŹ֮ǰԺʲôҩûиãһܹսͬ޵УԽɱж׾١
ôҶǳЩɵضë
ëȻү⣬ֻҪ̫ʥˣȻףû񱾴ү˵㾡ұү
ãҾǿһΡҶǳ˵ͷô˵ȿ̫ʥΡ


47 
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ëצӣâһʱһ飬ƾɣɢһԶźİϢԶ嫣һ֪Ƿ
ȷⱾԴģôƣЩȱҶǳëг˻ɣôֻе㲻ס
ëŭСӣүչʮ꣬ǿıҲµʴģȫġ
ãǿһΣùҶǳƲŲһֻԱչʮء
үǱүдģѾĿö𣿻ǱүԽ㡣ëߵ
ģôţҶǳЩţùһȻַСһȻһʶ
ɣëһѶ򿪵һҳҶǳһۣ˵ȥʯϥţĿھķȻ
Ƶģ˵ãҪǸҺңҷҶǳƲƲ죬漴ϥڰʯϡ
ϻϽáë۵
Ҷǳ漴۾ãһ˵Ĺ˵
ôҲժֵķëǺϲ
塭ëŲ
Ҷǳţһ̣˫־ȻӡڵսҲԾر̫ӿһж
£
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Ҷǳʱ亹죬ͣˣ۾Уڵһжǹص
ëͬħһ㣬ϵشС
ЩھͲͣͣ
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ëɭɭĻﴫ
Ҷǳûðɣȴ޿κΣֻܸķھȥ
һ֮ڵ̫ͻȻ·ָ״̬ȻҪɱҶǳ
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Ҷǳɵðëʮ˴ʺһ顣
ڴʱëСӣ£ողŵĿھӡɵ̫𡣡
Ҷǳû취ʱֻëģæӡһɿµͻȻѪҺ͹ͷɢ
ǸսǣɢҵĽɫâͬһɫ̫һҫۡ
񱩵̫𽥱ѹȥȻҶǳһһɣ֮С
ԣ
һںϣһεĲͬ
һΣ̫ҶǳѪҺ͹ͷ棬׵׳ΪҶǳһ֡
һΣֻҶǳѡ
ҶǳͻȻʹĴ
̫¶̫ˣܱѹƣҶǳȫѪ⣬ͷܵҵʹ·ҽ֮Уһտ
Сӣס̫ڰ塣Ҫ֪̫ڲҩЩۻɶ࣬γھʱˡëЩء
ҶǳԣʱҧӲţεӣŤɼŶôʹࡣ
ǿ־ëľҶǳ츳ǿˣȻ־Ҳô⻹һʮС𣿼ֱ漣
ô˵СӻпŹٺ٣үҪһ̬Ĺˡëе⡣
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ʱ򣬿ԿõһɹɺɫҶǳϲϵð
СӣҩѾڲϵرƳˣֻҪȥˡëЦǺ˵
ϥڰʯϵҶǳԣɵзŭ̫ʥôڱˣֻ֪ëں
ʱҶǳҲòȥ
ͬʱҲȷԼڵҩڼ٣ܹ֮ܵҪΪ̫𲻶ϵ壬ԽԽԽԽɣָоͺȫһƵġ
ëȻŹȷЧȻĹʹޱȣȵں̫ҪѣǺôȷܴ
̫𲻶ϵҶǳԽԽǿ󣬹ƶһսˡ
ңҩıƳЩҩҲգӶʵսʿ۷徳硣
û뵽ŹȻҵΪһΣëȻף⹦ȷ򵥡
Ҷǳ뵽
һΣʼй塣
ʹȻڼϴں̫ľټսǵıҶǳҧӲ
ʹĹ֮УҶǳ𽥷ԼڵսȻҲʼ̫ںϣγһǿĻս
ӦýսŶԣ
Ҷǳ뵽
ԽԽܵĿˣӵս㲻ժ֣ܹԽɱˡ
սĹ̫ǿˡ
ϾͿ£ս֮УȻʹս
СӣѾ֪ˣûɣүûƭɡëҶǳɵõЦ
Ҷǳ壬ѵʱ̡
ʱ֮Ҷǳ̫ջڣ˸ųɫĹâƽ
ëоһͷ˵Сڳɹˣôñүҵһˡ
ëԵú˷ܣٶȿۣҶǳ¶һ顣
ֹһʱҶǳ۾ڵȻһ˿ɫĻ棬ͬһ㡣
ৣ
ҶǳԼӣʱӿռָȡһ·ϣȻݺݵصëŭ㲻˵̫ʥôˡ
ү츳ˣ̫ʥ䲻㣬㡣Ӧøлүϵ¶ɵ壬ԺԻΪڱүµڶ֡ëٺЦ
Ҷǳֱһȭ˹ȥ޴ȭͷҫ۵Ļ⣬γһ
ëæҴȵСӣ㿴ǱүŹܹڵĹһȭûʩչսȴԿȰսʿ۷ˡ
ҶǳҲû뵽Լһȭôǿ󣬲ɵôһ
Сӣ壬Ժܼɻ֣ǵػ𣬶ܹɣȻʵһ죬еĻ֣ôս񶼲Ķ֡
޵еĹү˭ҲûдڣʹڸһˣѾľȻҶ𱨡
ëڲԶҶǳŭ
ҶǳƲƲ죬ߵҵɵӣʵ⹦ǰɹ𣿻У⹦˭ģ˵㴴ģһûôɵ


48 
Ҷǳһ֮£ëʵʵؽһС
ȷһŷǳǿ幦˭ģëҲֻ֪֪Է϶ǳǿ󣬱սҪǿ
ôûһɹ˴Ź⡣
ҪŹҪ̫ˡ
ȣںһëӵķУԼںϵĲС
һأס˰ٷ֮ʮŵˡ
ڶӵսǣһǶսǣ޷ס㣬ˣҲ·һ
ס˼ˡ
ս½϶ӵսǵˣӵжսǵˣҲֹںˡ
ҪȫΪһ壬ǴӹëҲͿҶǳһˡ
ëҶǳʺŹۿҶǳڵ֮󣬱㶯Ҷǳ˼
ҶǳҲˣҪлë
ǣŹǲȱģëֻǰ벿֣벿ָ֪
ˣֹҪһ֣ܽ
ÿһɻ֣һĥɹˣȻʵɲǾ·һ
ֱֹƴǷӲŻĹ
֮һ仰ֹǾǾһǳΣա
ˣҶǳŭصë޲һ
Сӣʲô񣿱˺ôԣŹҲѧᣬӦøеҲǡëƲ
ҶǳߵǲȱģΣޱȣӵսǺ̫𣬱ҪΣյ·ҲܹΪս񡣡
ԽΣյ·δĳɾͱԽ󣬵㽫޵ʱͻԱүжˡëٺЦ
УҴһٳ˵Ҷǳŭȫ¶ӿֳһɷڵĻ棬ǿϢ
Сӣ㲻壡ëʱˣ֮ǰͲҶǳĶ֣οڡ
Ҷǳ˵ҿңҪð׼
˵գë
ëһ˺һߴСӣ֪ʦҩģ㹻̤սʿ磬Ĳɺã
ģҶǳʱͣס˽Ų۾Źضë
սʿ۷徳磬ֻҪٳһЩ̤սʿ硣
ң壬ҲõĳԵҩиˡ
ȻģëٺЦȱһζҩģҶݣ֪Уʼ԰档
ȰҩĸңҶǳߵٱֻˣֻ̫ȱˣòСĽ㡣
ëҲˣ˻ӼצһЩҩı
ҶǳȵղŲˣûпռָЩǷģ
ռָүҪֻҪﵽս𾳽磬ܿأȿռָˡȻʧȥһΪغһȻڡëͷһ˵
ҶǳʱޱĽֻȻʵôͨǲ٣ЩһǷˣֻ̫ӵˡ
£ҶǳЩҩģϸһ£ֻЩ죬ȻŪٶҩġ
Щ㹻һٶ¯ˣԵõٿҵ㹻սʿˡ
˵磬ôһҶݶûУʼ԰ֵҶݺ𣿡ҶǳٶҩģȻһҶݶûУɵޱȲ졣
ëŭ˵˵үһӻЩҶݶһͷռˡүڷƽۣΪʧͷĶ֡
ŶӦսʿ磬ټϷ˲Լǿ壬ԸսʿɣͷѲս𣿡Ҷǳ˵
ͷмޣֻһսСȫɵøүѩޡëҧгݵ˵Ȼ֮ǰȥҹͷҳ˿ڻġ
ҶǳһЦ漴Щ˵磬βٿ˰ɣ
һҧʮ¾ˣ
һսڵȷЩնԸ
Ϊ֮ǰƾժ֣ܹѹսʿ
ڣ壬ǿȾͿսټӵлս޴˵һս
Ǿֻȱ¼ֿԣҶǳòСĵ㡣
ëԴŭСӣүƭʲô˵үһȥҪǶԸͷǱүȥ
ҶǳҲеֻĺܣԲԼΣա
£Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ãڴ·ɱͷҲܹȥˡ
Ҷǳ뵽ԵҪɱһͷޣɱͷǾ֮ջģܹͷˡ
үɣطүҲסˣǳȥʶһĻˡ֪ʮ磬ôˡë˷ܵ˵漴˻ӼצŰʯ
Ҷǳæ˵ʯԺá
ֻҪСӸűү죬ʯһҲ޲ɡëں˵
һһô뿪ʯٶӰϡ
ǣǸոʱһӰѾǰԶ
Ҷǳ۾һУ漴ɫһ쳣
쳣ּҴϵӣּҽ콾ţѾ̤սʿ磬ǻʼѧԺ߼ç첢е
Ҷǳû뵽棬ѹһ·Ȼûз֡ǲؿһҶǳϵë漴ҶǳЦ
Ҷǳüͷһ壺ȻңΪʲô
ļǳ쳸ûʲôԹɻΪҪ
ȻҪɱ㣡
쳺ҶǳҲҪңҪ־͹Ӣɡ˵ˣֻҪɱ㣬ͻ̤ս磬콾ͨѧԺĿˡ
񶾵Ů˻ǲưҶǳȻ漴Ц
ϵëЩͷغСӣôϻǰСӲһսʿѣһƾϻʲôүҪȥҶأ
ֻȻ˵
쳶ʱɴ۾ŵؿҶǳϵë
Ҷǳԣʱ¶֮ͬɫ
Ȼëһ⻰ɫʱͱˣĴų쳣һ߻ƿŭǼȫҲǼʮ˴Ǽү˵
һԵҶǳ޵ҧгݣֻȱ£ʮ˴ⲻ
Ͼ滹ּҵѪ
䣡
ë˲쳣ŭޱȣƺǰѴ򲻹Ҷǳŭ𣬷йͷϡ
ϵһֻӵһСģͱ˲ʱ嶼ˣ۵С
ҡسҶǳ
ΪΪʳ㲻Ӣ¡Ҷǳ˵漴תߣ֪ˣɡ
ֻдﵽս磬սţܻס塣
ϧ쳻ս
ձճ˻ҽһͷӶûʣȫʬ


49 ɱ
ʼ԰֡
Ҷǳëָ·ҵһɽڲʱش죬ͬһ죬õ涼ڲ
Ȼмޣ
Ҷǳɫʱ
൱սʿ磬мޱ൱ս硣
һλսһսһȭһţǿޱȡ
ԣҶǳҴ⣬Сؿɽ
Сӣţҽȥ÷˲ͷƳٳû͵Ϯë˵г˷ܡ
˵磬Ըһͷޣ㶼Ҫô𣿡ҶǳȤ
ëŭаȥɣү￴Ϸ
ˣǱɡҶǳæ˵ܹɱͷޣȻ鷳
ߣ׼ˣ˷ѱү㴴Ļᣬսʩչժ֣ݺݸǴһëҶǳһۣߵ
ĺˣֻҪһҾͳ֡Ҷǳʮ˵
ëСĵǱɽ֮УƺǵһˣǳܿʧĶѨ
ҶǳһԵȴš
ûãΧ¶ȶȻһȵĻ
𣡡֮Ļһ޵ķŭŵɽҲҡ
ëɽ˳һƬȵĻ棬תͷҶǳСӣүݺݵغ
δһӴĺɫӰʹɽ汼ܳ
һͷ;޴ĺɫ¶˺ĺɫëһͬ޴ͳ˼ݣܳͣͬ䵶һ㺮˸
ɫ˲䣬һŨҵѪϢʱϯΧķɳʯɳȥˡ
ժ֣
ҶǳѾ׼ժ֣ͷɫ˲䣬͵ʩչźɫӴȥ
ɫ̫ˣ߰˸˴СҶǳ۾ܻ
䣡
Я̫ƣһɿµݺݵغ˺ɫϡ
̫͡ʱӿǿսǳɫƤڲɿµ˺
𣡡ɫӴ壬ڱҶǳժֻк󣬶̲סԱ˦ȥзŭʹĴ
СӣɵúãͣԶë˷ܵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷٶȳɫ
ͷɫһսʵֱ̫𡣲ҶǳժֻشһȭͷС˿ڣʱѪֹ
ȻѪĴ̼ͷɫӿˡ
ֻȭͷС۾棬ʱһƬҶǳһͷ˳
ժ֣
Ҷǳֱӭȥ
ɫ֪ãҶǳݺݵײһ
䣡
һ졣
Ҷǳ˶ɳȥɫҲܲңݶ࣬۾Ҷǳٵһֻ
ɣëɹʹˮѩޡ
Ҷǳʱӵ˷֮ɫ𣿸ղһҾȻһƶûУǿȣͷﵽһսĺɫ嶼ҡ
ϻүǵһ幦ȻСӣϻ˵ﱾүͷë
ɫȻܵҶǳشϾһսʵǺݺݵѹë
Ҷǳսɫͺܿ·硣
ʱ֮ͷɫڵ˵ϡ
ͬʱҶǳҲ۵ĴڴϢսĺܴæϥ£ʼָս
ţŸүë˿̾񣬲ںɫϣϵضţйеԹ
úҶǳָսվŵѾëĥıεĺɫʬ壬ɵø̾һսʵǿ󣬱͵Ϯش󣬾Ȼʵ
ˣҶǳȴЦݣһɳɾ͸С
սʿΪԽ˺üɱһսޣԺˡ
ҪȥԻ𺳺Ͳš
СӣڲŸտʼ壬ԺɼԽԽǿܹѾȫɣԲ磬ʱսˡëڴ˵
Ҫѣ˵һһˣ·߰ҶǳЦ
СʲôѾӵ̫𣬶үз˲𣬵ȵʵǿˣүȡһЩ˲ɣͼˣԺ·أδزܹ𡣡ë
ɹһ죬ĳ˾ҵĳˣҰɵǸСҶǳɫᶨ˵
ëȻЩȱºͲףǵȷܴǡ
СģүĵˣүԼൽʱСӰﱾүѹѹˡëһ˿ο漴ư˵
ðɣȽȥռҶݡҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ëһɽ֮С
ѨڣǺɫķ㣬һЩ֫ϹǸˣζأŻ
һﻹ࣡Ҷǳɵüͷæסڱǡ
ëѾЩںæܽȥռҶˡ
Ҷǳ˹ȥҶݱɫռѣеմȾ˷㡣
ⶫܹҶǳоЩġ
Сӣû㻹н񱰡ʲôֻҪʵүںë˷ܵռҶݡ
ҶǳԴȤҪǳʺܹʵǲҲ԰˵꣬Լ͹Ц
Сӣųʺأëŭץһմ˷ҶݣͳҶǳ˹
Ҷǳæɲմ˺ɫķ㡣
һһôɽռ㹻ҶݣȻ뿪˴˵ء
СӣҪҪھͻرүԭȵĶȥëվҶǳļϣڴ֮ɫ
ΪܵͣҪΪ
У̫ķʱˣǻ뿪ط˵ϾҪˣҪٲȥǾͳȥˡ
οͷɫʬ壬ҿ϶ǵһԵõʹ͵ǼƷˡ
Ҷǳʱһźɫľ޴壬һ˵
Сӣ㻹ûϢƷͰֳëм֮ɫ
ҶǳͻȻ۾һæʵˣ磬ǰôҲһλսѵûʲôǿһƷҲа
Сӣ򱾴үע⣬үڶٵʱ׸ˣֻܿס׵ĺϧүûСëҡͷ
Ҷǳʱһʧս𣬱һսʿĶ
ٺ٣СӣҲ̫ʧүȻûȴһλʦֻҪ㹻ϣүַӾ͸ƳһƷëȻ˵
㻹ʦҶǳ־ϲ


50 
Ҷǳ̫ˣû뵽ëȻһλʦ
ʦǽ񽳵ľ磬ȫƳʥ۷ﰡ
һλʦߣԺõŵûкõ
ٺ٣Сӣӵǿߣ˷ôõĻ档̫ˣүûǸģһ㣬ԱүͳΪʦˡ
ë˵
ҶǳɵпҲ̽
ѧⶫʲôֱ˷ʱ䣬ѧϰ͹ˣбү֣ͿȫˣȻʵһ̤ͬս񾳽磬ưս½£ɨë˵Խ˵Խˡ
ҶǳҲԣëڣҲҪķʱѧϰˣϾѾܺķʱˡ
ҪǣʵҪġ

ʼ԰档
ʱѾϦ£̫ɽˣһڻҲˣһЩǣҲʼ½ˡ
ÿ˶ֻĵȼͬˡ
˭ȼߣ˭͸ܵĿ
գʹʵʤһȥͷһƷ
ǶĽͼʡ
˽˵ĿЩˣһš
żҵçȻɱһͷ൱ھսʿڵޡ
׼ҵİҲɱһͷȾսʿڵޡ
ּҵ쳻ûгʵ֪ܹɱʲôȼޡ
޸Ժ޷ҲͻСȴѾɱһͷ൱ڰսʿޣǰ;

˻̸š
Ŀǰçȼߣռݵһ
һﱾŰԵ˿˵ĳޣɵøӵˣĿг˲м֮ɫ
ҧгݣЩġ
Զ޷ܵ޸ǰүүɱһͷ൱ڰսʿޡ
ţɵòûүүʧ޸ЦŵͷĿȴǲʱؿʼ԰ֵķ򣬵ȴҶǳ
޷ᵱȻ֪޸ڵȴҶǳɵ˵үүҶǳսʿ綼ûдﵽɱһͷ൱սʿްɡ
зǳ죬õүүҶǳ֮ԺͲҶǳˡ
𣿡޸΢Цֻ֪ҶǳѾﵽսʿ磬Խܰǡսʿδزܡ
һΣҶǳעһˡ
ʱڲԶְ졢ӢҲڿʼ԰ֵķڵ쳳
ְü˵СôּܷͿСӵˡ
Ӣȴǰ֪ɱСûУӦɱˣôˣҪûɱĻСֹͳˣ쳿¾Ϊɱŵ˲ʱ䣬һֱӵڶûг
ʱţ߳ʼ԰ֵĹԽԽˡ
˿ɫϵ漴мλӵûг
£ˣһּҴ֮쳣һ޸ոԺĻʼѧԺмѧҶǳ˽ѳһ̫ǰ
ҶǳҶǳļӵܣȻõ޸ԺĿأ¶һ˿죬Աߵ޸տȥ
Ȼ֪һ޸վȻ͸ˣɼԴ˷ǳء
£Ҷǳ˭ǾҪּˡ޸ռɵù˹Ц˵
ŶԿ˲ԶɫЩְ죬ʵּĪҲ֪Ҷǳꣿ
ְȻɫѿԹѯʣҲòػ£˵Ǹ꣬Ȯӡ
ּԣҽҶǳּҿûаϵ
ڴʱԶĻʼ԰֮дһȣ鿪
һ󳼣Щӵǣȫȥ
漴¶֮ɫ
ڲԶĻʼ԰СϣҶǳźɫӴʬ壬һëվļϣӵؿǰȺˣһм֮ɫ
Ŀ⳯Ҷǳȥ¶һ˿ɻ
Աһ̫˵ӱҶǳּĴӣȴ˽ӣѾѳּˡ
ʱ¶Ȼɫ漴ȤؿһҶǳϵֻûгëļ
ԶӢŵؿҶǳоŭѣô£Сôųˣѵʧˣôܣ
г𾪣쳿һλսʿôܻʧܣ
ӣղ˵ʲôְ쿴Ҷǳɵȵ
ȻҶǳѾ뿪ּˣǵô˵棬Ȼ붪ӡ
ֻҪôһȣҶǳ׼ԹԹ
ʱҶǳȴؿְ죬ЦּҸղŵôѵûҪҪ˵һ飿ҽҶǳǳûаֹϵּңҶĳǸʲ𡣡
ְ߳ŭǹ̲סˡ
һԵӢʱ֮лָɵŭȵ󵨣ҶǳȻѾּңڱϾּҵѪҪ𣿡
˵գӢŹһ񣬳£Ӵ治棬ֱӣҽӦýϵΪ򣬳к׵£
ҶǳһЦӢǲģûɱھȻùڶҪɹˣôҶǳľ·һ
Ҷǳģһλսĳǿߣ־ܵӢĸ棬Ӣ͸ǻʲô
ȻԵ˵ǵļ£Լ
Ӣ˵ȴ˹Ŀɨʱŵһ˵ְ󣬲˵ˡ
ҶǳؿӢһۣ⡣
С֣Ӣ޵ҧгݣȴ޿κΣֻܽȭͷԹصҶǳ
ҶǳǽԼĺɫʬóԹ£Ҷĳɱģصع׸£ףԸճΪսʣ¡
СһƨĹǲɵùЦҪǱƨ϶ôˣһƨǾͲһˣϾûôĻ
ƨӢҶǳùЦŭ
޸ʱ߳Ц˵£Ҷǳɱͷ൱һսѹżҵçΪ˴Եĵһˡ
ţͷȷһս΢΢ͷ漴ЦſҶǳ˵Ҷǳ˵գҪʲô͵Ʒ
Ҷǳ뿪ڣԱߵְʱ˵£ּҵ쳻ûгأʱ̸Խδ̫ˡοҶǳսʿ綼ûдﵽɱһͷһսޣȻס
ԣҲ˵ͷҶǳܹɱһͷһսޣҲŻɵ̬ȡ


51 ؽ
ְĻҶǳʱһЦ漴ȴŹľϡ
ְ죬ָҶǳµĺɫ˵ͷǲǰŸոȥģѪҺụ̂˵Ҷǳǰȥʬ壬ס
Ǳ£һսʿ綼ûдﵽСӣɱһͷһս𣿡ְ˵
ֻ̣ôɱͷı£ֻ˵
ְԶԣֻ˵ּҵ쳻ڻʼ԰桭
Ǿ˽ȥѰʱҲˣѵñڴ˵һС𣿡ߵ
漴һӻʼʼ԰֣ʼѰ
Ҷǳһ԰ЦѾëķ˲ճ˻ҽȺʼע޹
ȻڲúȺʼǾͳˣеԹ˵£Ѱʼ԰֣ûз쳵ټӦǱ޳Եˡ
ʲô
ⲻܣ
ְɫ䡣
ֻӢŵؿҶǳָʹȥɱҶǳġҶǳųˣȴˡ
ʣ쳵϶Ҷǳйء
ȻҶǳܹɱ쳣ǿҶǳµĺɫʬͶҡˡ
ѵС𣿡Ӣжʱޱ𾪣ͬʱҶǳɱҲǿˡ
Ź˶ã
һ껹ҶǳѾɳֵزҪǼȥôԺĻΪĸ󻼡
ּ쳵ҺźԵĹҲԸμӵģֻ˵Ǽˣֲ˭
˵漴Ҷǳ¶һ˿ЦݣҶǳԵĵһ˵ɣҪʲôƷ
Ҫʲô
Ҷǳ˼
ǵǽǹ
̫ˣҶǳֻժս治֪Լʺʲô
Сӣѡɣ˰ٱ֮ʺ㡣ˣѡؽëȻҶǳ
Ҷǳʱʧɫû뵽ëȻᴫܣ뵽ë۶УҲȻˡ
ǣҶǳ˵£ҶĳҪһؽ
ؽԣɵõ¶֮ɫߣѡ֮ѡؽﵹǵȷһؽСˡ
£˻֣һɫĹâʱҶǳ
䣡
һ̣һһ˸ߵĺɫ޽ҶǳǰǿΧĵ涼¶һ˿˿ѷ졣
ôĽҶǳʱ
ЦǺ˵СӣѽһλʦʧƷȻʧƷȴžƷƷʣƷƷһְɡ
Χԣʱ¶Ľ֮ɫ
Ӣ־ŭҶǳʵѾɵˣֶĺɫؽǸǿˣ
ȺеçɫҲѿΪԵĵһģ˭뵽·ɱҶǳҧ
һҶǳг˼ʡ
޷һĽʺޡ
ֻҶǳ˷ܣذγǰĺɫؽԹ񣺡л£
Ц漴һӣλȥɣԵΪֹٻᡣ
˵գһڻʼͻǣƺƵ뿪ˡ
Щ󳼺͹ӵǣҲ½޳뿪ʼ԰֡
޸˹ЦݵؿҶǳ˵ϲˣҶСӣѽͬ죬һƷǿˣСˡ
ǶҪлүүμԣҶǳæ˵
ԼʵǿôӵܣҲܹõһ޸ЦŰ˰֡
Զְ俴Ҷǳһۣ漴ԹӢȥ
޸տǵıӰЦּǶˣ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦһְܹӢѿҲеǳʹ졣
߰ɣҲûȥˡ޸漴Ҷǳ޷ᣬҲ뿪˻ʼ԰֡
;У޸ضҶǳϵëɵʵҶСӣֻڻʼ԰շôûë
Ҷǳһʱ֪ˣæסëͣŭ
˵ǼȫҲǼСӣſүëҶǳ
Ҷǳһסͣһ߶޸պٺЦҲֻ֪Ϊʲôûëҿ棬ʹˡ
վֻǸӰ޸΢΢ҡͷһЦҶǳֻСְˣûپëˡ
޳ִܿʼѧԺҶǳ޸ոȻëѧԺ
ʱҶǳŷſë͡
ëͷŭ𣺡СӣôԱүүûꡭ
꣬С㣬ǷƽȮۣҪ̫ҡĻǿ߿飬ҪǷܣˡҶǳæ˵
ëֹͣУɫǲÿ˵УǱүԺ֤ǰ˵ֱӸ㴫ǣԺ˭ٽбүǼүɱȫҡ
㻹ŬΪɣڵʵ˵ˣһսɱҶǳЦ
۰Сӣү˵˶ٱˣүǷˣ޷ˣëʱŭ׷Ҷǳ
һһ֣ᡣ
ſڣһСӰѾڵȺţСҡ
СҿҶǳʱЦݵӭȥүѾ׼ˣȥ԰ɡ
ˣСңҶǳǰŮɵиж
СһЦ漴ؿҶǳϵëɵ˵ֵ񰡣үСһǵһοôޡ
Сң񣿡ҶǳС˵ëе֣û뵽СҶëĳƺȴǳ֮⡣
ǰ棬ҽʲô𣿡С˵
ëֱ棬ԴʶҶǳ֮ͽ˳Ǽ⻹ǵһ˽񣬼ֱֻˡ
ΪǷˣ
СϹèӣˡ
СӣŮ޲үϲ¸£ԺǱүŵˣ˭ҪǸ۸үɱȫҡë˷ܵҶǳ
ã˵ģԺͷ򱣻СңҪǳʲô飬ʡҶǳʱЦˡ
û⣬ڱүϡëӦĺʹ죬Сôô˳ۡ
ΪСҲ񣬶һ׼룬һԷأɱҶǳСӺöˣȻĴм
ԹҶǳë
Ҷǳӿռָȡ¯ҩģһԵë˵ھȡһȫꡣ
СӣүҲţؽʧƷǱүʦȫԽƷΡëָԱǰѺɫؽ˵
Ҷǳԣʱϲ


52 սʿ
ˣ㻹һʦؽֻƷĿԽƷ𣿡ҶǳЩȵ˵
ëذͷȻҲү˭磬ү˵һ˭˵ڶ
㲻ţ𣿡Ҷǳ˷۵
ëߵǰСҲǸ˵ˣѽһʦƵľƷȴʧˡҲ˵ѽĲʵǴ쾫ƷģֻǸʦ̫ˣŽ䱨ϡֻҪүһָܰƷΡ
ãͽˣҸ㸺ٺ٣ǷֹҶǳʱ˷ܵ
һؽëƷΣôͷǳˣԽɱС
£Ҷǳ򿪵¯η·ҩģʼ
Ѿƹ˼ʮ¯ڷǳˣÿһ裬ﵽĵز
ܿ죬Ҷǳͷų̫𣬿ʼ
ףָоͻȻҶǳЩȵؿԼٻ̫ô·Լһһ
˻һľ磡
Ҷǳʱ𾪣ô֮ǰĿػ𾳽ǿﵽʦĳ̶ȣڣҵĿػ𾳽綼ȸ߼ʦĳ̶ˡ
ѩɭּʶһλ߼ʦԻֵƿأ˻һľ硣
֮⣬ԻֵƿأҲ˻һľ硣
̤߼ʦı־
Сӣʲôֵģǰֻں˻֣ͻƽȲģĬҪڣ˻֣̫ūƣ˸ߵĿػ𾳽硣
һԵëƲ
Ҷǳ־ϲԼػ𾳽̫ˣֱӿмʦϲԼػ𾳽ǿôȻĳɹҲˡ
ãСܹ幦ԺõĺôǡëЩĽ˵
ȻǳѣһɹǺôԶ׼ġ
ҶǳЦ˵ô˵ӦóΪмʦֱ׷߼ʦĳɹʴˡ
ĳɹʹǰٷ֮٣Ϳһ¯ܹƳٿˡëҲڴ֮ɫڼҪʵ
Ӧû᲻٣ҶǳЩ
ǰ¯ܳɹһ¯ÿһ¯ֻܵõЧʷǳ͡
ڣĳɹˣÿɹһ¯õĵҩҲ϶ֹš
һٷҩģҪȫ֪꣬õٿ
գż飬Ҷǳʼ
ȻͬëϣҶǳﵽ˻һľ֮ĳɹʴﵽ˰ٷ֮٣һ¯ܿͳɹˣһŨϤҩζʱ˹
Сӣ򿪿жٿһԵëһؽһ߻۲Ҷǳߡ
˵ҶǳѾȲش˵¯ʱ۾һɣһġ壬Ȼ찡
ҶǳԼƵĵҩˡ
Ҫ֪ĸ߼ʦʱҲֻܵõŵҩòܵõ߿Ŷѡ
ڣҶǳŸոճΪмʦȴѾƳˣЧ߼ʦ
һ¯һ¯ٿ㹻ñү̤ǣǾսʿˡë˷ܵĴ
Ҷǳ˷ޱȣ漴
Ȼÿһ¯ҲɹˣҶõ
ʱһȥҶǳҩԽԽ٣ǿռָȴһࡣ
ºҶǳеҩģһõٿ
ʱëѾؽƺˣʹؽﵽ˾ƷΡ
СӣõҩЩҩĿɶǱүģСӿɱˡëؽ۾Ҷǳ
Ҷǳóһ˵˵ãͻƵսʿ磬ʣµĲܸ㡣
սʿ۷壬һٿ㹻ˣʣµİٿſҡëż
ȸٿţһҲô죿ҶǳóٿëȻԼóһٿ׼ͻưսʿ硣
Сӿɱ̰ˣһսʿ磬ʣµĵҩҪүëӹݺݵصҶǳһۣв֮ɫ
ѵƭ𣿡Ҷǳ˰֣漴ϥ£ʼ
һԵë״Ҳʼ
һſ壬Ҷǳܵһɹɷڵӿ塣
ҶǳæЩգ׳ԼڵսŰսʿ
˾ʮ֮Ҷǳ̤˰սʿ磬ʱһǿϢϯ
ԶëѾٿҶǳͻƣɵæ˵СӣѾͻˣʣµҡ
ãҶǳһٿë
ʮأë۵Ҷǳֻ˾ʮţʣһһʮŲŶԡ
ʣµʮСã츳ߣʵҲΪսóΪսԱʵҶǳ˵
翪ʼСҾһֱʳӣ׽ˣȻܺӡ
ԭǸСѾͷİʮôټʮţһ̤սʿ硣ëǸСõģʱóʮҶǳ˵
㻹еģҶǳʱЦˣëСһ㲻
ߣүгرжлëͷ漴ʣµʮֱȥ
ҶǳĿɿڴô
ı𺳵ˣʮжôӴҪãܽ
ëȴһȥԷƵģѵͲ±
ٺ٣СӣүǿټϾٵϴٶһ㶼٣ٶүһȥë˵
ʱϢϵرǡ
ҶǳԸоëѾ֮ǰսʿ磬һ·˾սʿ磬һΡ
ҶǳûκεľȣϾëٶҲܹ̤սʿˡ
ˬ
ڵǿëɵһ漴۾˷ܵ˵СӣֻҪһǧү̤һսˡ
ΰɣǵѾùˡҶǳ˷ۣȥһǧжٶҩĲС
ùûϵֱȥɭȥѰң϶ҩģһ١ë˵ġ
ʱˣһңһֱڶңһ뿪ȥɭ֣϶ᱻ˰ɱġҶǳҡҡͷɱ쳣Ӣɵˣ޲ϾҪ
ԣҶǳڿɲ뿪ǣޱҪ뿪ʼѧԺˡ
һеԼ̤ս磬Ա֮˵


53 ؽһ
˵ĳңĪǾԵʱڹǰǶԹŮ˵еĻ㸸ףëЩɵ˵
ƺ˽Ӱˣĸ׾ǱǸŮ˸ģ㲻ǺҵսΪǶΪտʼսǾǱǸŮ˸ڵˣȻʮʱѾһһսˡҶǳߵ
ëЩԾ㸸׻ǰ׳գôĶӣȻӣøлǸ񶾵ŮˣڵսǣҲ塣
ҪлߣҶǳҧЦš
ˣԺٱǵʵҲǿս꣬ͿԱѩˡë˰֣漴Աߵǰؽ˵ѽѾﵽƷˣ㿴Σ
Ҷǳɫؽϸ˿ѽСһЩֻôߣ߰˳ߵӡ
ѽĺأҶǳսõö
ôأӶѣɱУҶǳɵüͷ
ؽȻأëһ漴͵ѵСû˵ؽ޷棬ɲ𣿡
˵ΣҶǳ˵ǰһӾ磬еõıһؽ
Ϊ֣һֱ֮ߵ·ߣ磬Դﵽصĳ̶ȡ
ڶ֣ؽߵǴ󿪴ϵ·ߣ磬Դﵽĵز
ëһ˵ţһ߿Ҷǳ壬ǿҲǿʺؽ֮·һһɽһնһҪߵĽ
һһɽһնһ
ҶǳЩǶôǿһ붼е˷ܡ
ɵöؽ֮·Ȥˡ
£ҶǳºɫؽëЦѡؽ϶ʺҵĽսɣ
УһЩǿսҲҪﵽս磬ëЦ˵ʵˣɲǿսŹáҽͼĻƼսʼһ󴴳Լսǲʺĵ·
ԼսҶǳ¶֮ɫΪҲԴս𣿡
ڵȻܣǿ˱˵ǿսôͻ᲻ܵ˽Ӱ죬ֻϱ˵ĵ·סԼ޷ͻҡëҡͷ˵
ժأ᲻ҲܵӰ죿Ҷǳʵ
ëҡͷ⵱Ȼᣬժֺ嶼Ĺͽ໥ġ
ˣھȥѧԺͼһŻƼսҶǳ˵ͷ˵
ˣѽʲô֣ôҲƵġҶǳߵſڣתͷԼϵëʵ
ͽڽɣëѿڶ
ڽѾĻ湻裬붼롣ҶǳƲƲ죬ڽ֣Ҳͦʺϵġ
£Ҷǳźڽͼȥ
ͼҲսǻƼսͼսѧԺں
ҪսǾ͵óΪѧԺʦѧԺȡʲô޴ĳɾͣŻᱻѧԺ
ҶǳҪֻһŻƼսͼĻƼսкܶ࣬ʺ
ҶǳһʼѰңëҲڰæѰйؽս
Լʱ֮ëָϵһ飬ҶǳСӣѡնɣ
ҶǳⱾ飬
ΣҶǳëһۣȷûп
ûնʺ㡣ңЩƼսУҲһ֣ҪԲ磬սëͷ
Ҷǳǵŭ㵱ǰ׳ҵؽߵǴ󿪴ϵ·ߣղҲ˵ˣҪҵơնߵ·ߣҰôصĺڽһⲻ𣿡
Сӣѵû˵սͺпᣬӶ̤ؽĵáʱأǾؽһˡë͵
ģҶǳԻЩš
İɣүôҲһսȻսʧˣһССսʿ㹻ˡë˵
ҶǳҲ࣬ëȻЩ׺ȱ£ȷһλսȻԱġ
£Ҷǳǰ̨Ǽһ£ն
صᣬҶǳëָ£㿪ʼն
а±׿˵ˣʱ䣬мѧǣĦȭƣ׼׿ˡ
Ϊ޸ѾкҶǳҪȥϿΣĴն
ëָ£Ҷǳֻ죬ѧն
ȻѧˣȴЩСȲժ֡
ˣҶǳЩй
һԵëƲֵҶǳɵЦСӣκһսΪšСɡɡ۷壬ԲΡڲŸոհնŲΣȻӲʵϣժ֣ҲŸոմﵽŲΣĻսɲֹǵ㡣
ҪʲôʱܽնԲΰҶǳЦ
Сӣսô죬ҪһŻƼսԲΣǼҪʮꡣСӵսǣ츳ټϱүָ㣬һܳɹˡëҶǳһ˵
һꣿôҶǳʱüͷ
ҪӿٶҲУȥëͻȻ˵
ȷԼӿٶȣҶǳʵ
ˮ棬ˮѻӶڽܹͬˮӶڽʩչնôʹﵽСɣڴɾˣԲҲ̫Զë˵ġ
ѧԺĺɽһӣȥɣҶǳԣëȥѧԺɽ
ӱߣëڣҶǳźڽ˺档
ˮܿ죬Ҷǳһӳоܶʩչն
СӣΪô𣿡ϵëֻЦš
Ҷǳһ٣ӽһˮ˼
ննŶԣն飬֪ʲôǡᡯһӳҪһëָ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ硭ѺڽͺأټΧˮνӶһ
ҪˣүҲﲻ㡣ëҡҡͷ
ҶǳֻüʩչնһδοϣڣԼɹ
ʱһһȥת۱һݣ׿ֻʣʱˡ
һڣҶǳÿ춼ȥѧԺɽĺնһݵĿѾˮʩչնˡ
ëĻڵնѾﵽСɾ磬Գӳնˡ
ʱҶǳڰʩչնǼʹźصĺڽܻһ졣
һӳʮ裬˿ۻңܴ


54 ׿
ʱ䣬ҶǳȻѧԺɽĺնϣ׿˵ӣﵽɾ硣
ϧֱ׿˵ӵҶǳûͻƣֻա
СӣսɲһһϦ֮£ܹڶ̶̰ڣͽնСɾ磬˵ڽϵ츳ˣҪ˼£һ򡮾ᡯľ硣ë˵
Ҹоҳٳ޷ͻƣΪȱʵսĥҶǳȻ˵
ë˵ͷ˵СӻǲսɲǿˣҪʵսĥСϧг⣬ȥɭĥ
ֻҪҴﵽս磬ôͲúǸ񶾵ŮˡҶǳߵ
ѾǰսʿˣֻҪҵİʯս̤սˡë˵
ʱҾҪȥµ۹ȥѧԺҶǳԣĿжʱ
ʼܵӢвͬԨеǱ޷졣
ֻ뿪µ۹ܷ죬̤졣
Ҫ뿪Сطֻ츳ë˵ͷ
ʱ䲻ˣȻȥϢ׿ˡҶǳ˵գɱȥ

ָ
߽ӣǰӢ˹ˣʼѧԺ׿˵ˡ
ӢüͷһǳһĨЦݣڵȵһˣǸС֣ʱսʿ磬޷̤սʿ磬׿һҪϳʼѧԺˡ
ûʼѧԺշԷѣ˵ˡɭЦ
׼һ£һȥʼѧԺۿǵ׿ˡӢ漴˵дһ˿Ц
ˣʼѧԺҲָ뺯պüԸȥô͡˵
ţ
Ӣ˵ͷĿ⿴⣬¶һĨЦ

Ÿ
çһڴϵңܵܣ׿˵ӣҲҶǳСԼսӡģһٱ
Զʱ¶֮ɫҧгݵ˵л磬һҪҺúýѵСӣ˵СԵʱɱһͷһսޣ㵽ʱҪСĵ㡣
ԵʱСףȻƾսʿ綼ûеΪҲɱһͷһսޣǲڰ𣿡
çм֮ɫѹҶǳնɱһͷһսޡ
磬СӻںһĻ֣ҾںпѾ̤սʿ磬ûСĵ㡣ɫص˵
ԹҶǳοϴαҶǳһƴˣڻڴˡԣȻʹҶǳҶǳҲˣǰôмһˡ
ܵսһΣĶʧȥˣɲçߵ
磬Ӧ֪СӺͰ׼ϼԼĹϵǻ᲻ֻҪ㹻С̤սʿ⡣ҳ
ܵİɣСӳΪսʿһսʿ۷ǿߣѵοһç˵գóһźɫĵҩɢһǿ
ҿźɫĵҩ۾ʱһɣ磬Ǳ
Ǳ׼ȥɭĥһս磬ΣգűҲܹΪġ
çЦ˵һεʵҾսʿ۷Ϊһ±ӵпһսʵȻҶǳСӣûʸʹű
ҲȥҪۿСӱùġҶʱ¶Цݣç˱սֻʤܻսܡ

峿
Ҷǳ͸ʼѧԺĲٳ޴ĲٳϣѾɽ˺ȵѩɭʮǿѡҪ𱬡
ɴ˿ɼ׿˵ӣЩѧ˵жôҪ
мѧԱ߼ҪӣҲһһܽᣬĺʱ
ԣŻô𱬡
ǲԶĸ̨ϣѧԺĸ߲㣬һЩĴһ˷ڡ
ڲٳģһ޴սרżѧǵս
ֻдﵽսʿ磬ͨ׿ˣܽ߼ࡣ
֪һ׿ˣж˽߼ࡣ
ûңһսʿ۷壬Ҫͻơ
ҿҪ߳ѧԺˣҽպʮˣȴսʿ۷徳磬

мѧ۷׷ס
͸߼ѧǣҲвǰ֡
Զĸ̨ϣӢЦݵԵһӣЦ˵Сܣ˵çֶҪҶǳǸڽһսأô
Ӣߵӣżμ׿˵ĴżҼСӣҲӢĵܵܣͬʱҲçҵĸףɽ
ɽӢĻ΢΢Ц㣬çȥѣ͹˵ҶǳսʿΪûУһսĽʵѾעˡ
𣿴󻰿ɲҪ˵ôСղȥһߣӲԶ
ɽӢʱȥɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊ޸ա
壡漴æ޸պǸһ֣ʵǿ󣬵λܸߣǵȻҵ
Ӣ޸չҶǳܲ˵壬ҶǳӺģΪܹͨ׿ˣ
֪ܲͨ𣿡޸һԱ£Ӣ
Դӵ֪ӢϵҶǳΪ񶾵ŮˣǳС
ߣƥ򣬵ǸСֱ˻ʼѧԺҿ㻹ƨӢ״г˷ŭȴұֻ
һԵɽο㣬˵콾ֶѾѧԺԺΪﵽʲôزŴ
콾ӢʱԺؿ˲Զ޸һۣЦ˵콾ȷûʧŽѧԺ£Ѿս硣
սʵ׷ˣ治ĵһšɽ𾪡
Զ޸գȻ֪Ӣǹ˵ģɵ΢΢üͷҲΪ콾Ľе𾪡
㣬㿴ҶǳСˡȻɽָŲٳڣ˵˵Ҳְ֣ͬĶӣ콾ֶͬǾ֮ϵҶǳȴµ档
ӲǰƺµˣһͼŮ֣ᲢۣӢߵĿ⣬ҲǻٳҶǳ
޸ˣзǳŭҪӢ񶾵Ů˷ϵҶǳΪҶǳĵһš
Ż߽ٳҶǳ޸жʱڴҶСӣúñ֣񶾵Ů˿Ҳҫ۵š
ƺӦҶǳȻ̧ͷ̨ӢǶʱһĨЦݡ
ӢҾһ


55 ü
һЦҶǳӢгɱ⣬еĺε¶һ
С֣Цɣҿ㻹ܲЦóߣ
ԶĲٳϣçŵܵǰҶǳЦҶǳһΪ㲻أû뵽㻹е
һԵԹضҶǳҶǳҪڹڵңҲһҴһ
һ԰׳գ
żֵܵĻҶǳ̲ס˷ۡ
վϵëһĵؿżֵܣг˲м
Ҷǳ۾һɡ
һԵçҲɫ˵Ҷǳ֣һ
ûǸ£ߣҶǳЦ
Ҷǳ㻹ȹ׿һذɣǰ㱻ּţҪʼѧԺ߳ȥһɥ֮ȮҹЦ֮ɫ
ķʼѧԺçҲЦ
ǾǵĹۣúøҿţǲʸ񣿡ҶǳһŲٳȥ
ʱһѧԺʦȵ׿ʽʼǴﵽսʿѧǣʱսУǴﵽʮģҲҪԡ
Ļ£ٳ϶ʱеĿ⣬Ųٳĵսȥ
֪мѧ߼ࡣ
ж˻ᱻ߳ѧԺ
˵ҶǳѾʮˣ֪ûдﵽսʿ硣
ЦҶǳ·ݲŽѧԺģʱһսʿ硣Źȥ£ʹﵽսʿ磿ֱǲܡ
һҶǳң츳ϧǴﲻսʿҪ߳ѧԺˡ

һѧ۷׷ס
˵Ŀ⣬ȺеҶǳȥ
һεѩɭѡԼңҶǳ֣ѾʼѧԺΪ֪
ͬҲ֪Զǳע
Ҷǳ㲻Ǻеȥһ£ǲûдﵽսʿ磬³󰡣ؿҶǳЦ
˵Ŀ⣬ҶǳԵλʦҲˡ
һʱ䣬ûȥԣڵҶǳӦ
ߣ
Ҷǳ״һ˵ȻôżǾ͸Ĺۣúÿš
˵գҶǳս󲽶ȥ
Сѵ̤սʿ磿ҿҶǳôţвɵһͻһĨ֮ɫ
̨ϣӢҲüͷ΢΢ѵСĴﵽսʿˣⲻܣžŸµʱ䣬һˣ߼
ҶСӣúñְɣ˶֪ĵһš޸տսҶǳгڴ֮ɫ
ʱ˿̣çңӢԼ޸գ˵Ŀ⣬ȫսꡣ
ս𣿡
ǰľ޴ʯҶǳһ漴ƣǰʯȻսйעȥ
սƽƬ̣һɴ۵Ĺâʱ
һ̣սϣ޴Ľɫ壬⣬ǳĳҡ
ǣ
ɫĴһ֣ٳʱ˼žѻȸ
˶ɴ۾ŵؿսϵɫĴ֣ÿϵı鶼Ϊʣǵĺ֮һѡ
ⲻܣ
ǡôܴﵽǣ
ȺУçֵһ𾪣š
ʵ޷ҶǳȻͨˣһԾϣﵽ˰սʿ硣
ֱ漣Ҳôɡ
С̨֡ϣӢҧ־ŭصҶǳӿֳڵɱ⡣
֪ٷҶǳɳȥˣҪΪĸ֮
ǡȻǰսʿҶСӣʵ̫Ҿˡ޸մ˿Ҳ𾪣Ǿϲ
֪Ҷǳʹﵽսʿ磬ҲûҶǳٴͻƣΪսʿ
Ҫ֪ҶǳӢϵΪ֮󣬲ſʼŸ¶ѡ
Ÿ£ܳΪսʿֻҶǳһܹõ

սԱߵλʼѧԺʦ㶵ؿսϵɫĴ֣漴ؿԱߵҶǳһſ˵Ҷǳսʿ磬ͨˣ߼ࡣ
˵գλʦҶǳ¶Цݣϲ㣬Ҷǳ츳Խ߼Űˡ
лʦҶǳ΢Цŵͷ漴ΧȺȺ𾪺Ͳŵçֵܡ
Ҷǳ˸̨ϵӢǳһĨŵЦݡ
һ̣езǳʹ죬һüӿͷ
ӢֻǵһҽѧԺһֻ콾ǵڶ
ڵǱҳΪս֮ѩޣ
ҶǳĿضŸ̨ϵӢ
С̨֣ϣӢضҶǳ֪Ҷǳжĺ⣬Ծ͸ҪɱҶǳ»

ʱٳϵϵˣѾ֮лָһϡ
ٳ˷֮С
˿ҶǳĿУǿҵ𺳺Ͳš
һ궼ʱ䣬һսʿΪ˰սʿٶȣֱ漣
漣ˣʱվǰ
սʿҶǳȻΪ˰սʿ찡ҿ𣿡
޷š
ԭΪֻһʮˣ̤Ҷǳսʿ硣û뵽Źȥµʱ䣬ȻΪ˰սʿ

һ֮Ⱥ֮д鿪
̸ҶǳΪҶǳ漣е𺳡
Щ߼ѧǣʱҲ˳ͼЦһ𾪵ؿеҶǳ֮ɫ
Ҷǳ漣Щ߼ѧҲ᲻𽾰ֻľ塣
ɶ񣡡ҧгݵضҶǳΧ˶Ҷǳľ壬һǿҵļʺͷŭ
ܵܣģΪ˰սʿҲҵĶ֡
çʱлָ˵漴Ҷǳȥ
ҶǳȻҲç
ΧˣҲһĻ
쿴Ǹ߼ŰçǳҶǳȥġ
˵çҶǳԼսӣڽ죬Ҫһսˡ
Ҷǳңĸ磬֪ʤΣ
ӦçʤһЩϾѾ̤˾սʿ磬Ҵﵽ˾սʿ۷徳磬̤սҲԶˡ
ǿɲһҶǳսʿԽսʿңڰսʿԽܾսʿҲδزܡ

ҶǳңΧȺУʱһۡ
˶¶˷֮ɫŵսȻˡ
̨ϵЩѧԺ߲㣬͹ǣҲ¶Ȥɫûֹⳡ
ʢУǷǳ֧С֮Ĺƽд裬ֻҪ˵С


56 սç
ٳϣҶǳçԳţ˵ɫǳĮ֮УһƬ䡣
ΧˣɵڴŽľʶԾ
̨ϣһѧԺ߲㣬͹ǣҲڻ̸ۡ
壬˵ˣ˭ӮӢһĨŵЦݣԶ޸ա
޸տûһۣ˵Ҷǳ
СֺӢЦ
һԵɽ˵壬Ҷǳܹڶ̶̾Ÿ̤սʿ磬ȷ֮ҶçѾ̤սʿ۷徳磬һսʿҪֱǰΡ
ǲţǾĿԴɣ޸ߵ
ãҾͿСʲô¡Ӣͬߵ
ɽҲЦؿС

ŶҶǳç΢΢¶Ц˫ȭһգһǿܵսʱӿȶΧҶ޷Զ
Ҷǳ仹üֻҪ£ҵܵܿͷҾһм̡çЦ
ܷŹҶǳô˵ֻΪ˴̼ҶǳӶսȨ
̨ϵѧԺ߲ԣɵðͷ˭˵çǸçĻͣеġ
ķϻ治٣
Ҷǳ˵
Ϊˣᱻçֶδ̼Ǽֱ׻
ߣçͫһû뵽ҶǳľٶԣֱӳҶǳɱ
ҶǳȻǾͽаɣçٶȺܿ죬˫ȭͬȭ裬ս⣬µӿ
ԼԼһç˫ȭ֮䣬֣ƥ
սȭ
çӣƺѾսСɾ磬
⣬ȵç̤սΣ϶ܹѧԺ

Ⱥ֮УҲ߼ǿߣç֣ʱ
ҶǳҪˣһЩмѧԣʱٿҶǳˡ
ҲЩˣĿųУ뿴Ҷǳçȭ
սȷ֪ҵնΣʱҶǳĿ峺ˮǳ侲
ųç붼û룬ʩչն
ΪѧԺй涨ѧ֮д費ʹҶǳûдźڽǷԼĿռָС
ûкڽҶǳҲʩչն
ƴڽս֮УʹֻƱȾҪӲޱȡ
ֻժ֣Ѿǿޱȣ壬͸ǿˡҶǳţƶçȭͷ㣬ֱ˹ȥ

çҶǳȻҺԼӲӲʱ¶Ц֮ɫ
ǷǳԼȭͽֺҶǳȻƴǼֱ
ȥɣçһȭݺݵغҶǳ
Ȼһ̣çϵЦסˡ
䣡
һ졣
ҶǳƣͬһУӲƿçȭ磬ȭͷݺݵײһ
һ˲䣬çͫһоȭͷϴһɾʹ·еĲҶǳƣһ塣
ôܣ
çɴ۾𾪡
ȭͷϴľʹԽԽǿң̲סջȭͷԼȭͷѾѪһϵӡۡ
ǱҶǳġ
սҲˣҶǳһЦʩչնֻƣͬһؽգç
䣡
çҧʩչȭӭϣÿһײеȭͷʹ۵˫۶ˡ
ƣ
ڣçܲסȭͷʹıʩչս
Ʒȸղŵȭ绹ҪңȴѾս˴ɾ磬ǳ¡
һƺһˣΧ¶ȶࡣ
նҶǳȻʩչնƲϵڻս£ѹȵĿڲ
ƶƣȻӲӲ
ǽȻçǲУĶƴ˫ƶˡ
ֱ߶ս֮󣬲ŻָһЩ
ôôӲç𾪵ؿŶҶǳŭȵ
ߣһ𣿡ҶǳЦ
սˣʱѾˣ˭Ҳû뵽һƴȻҶǳսʿռϷ硣
̨ЩѧԺ߲ǣҲ¶֮ɫ
û뵽Ҷǳܹնӵֵز
նûֻƣֱӲͽӲһЩƷˡ
һַǳ幦

ѧԺ߲ǻš
޸Ҳǳ𾪣ǾϲϷŰؿӢɽЦô˵ûдɣ
Ӣɫޱȣߵ壬սûн̸Ӯδˡ
ҶǳȷţҶçʤߡɽԼĶçġ
ǾͼӲɣߣ޸һǣֻҶǳçʱǻʲô˵

УҶǳѾѹסçնûôҶǳ忰սΣܿһսˡ
ԣçǾսʿ۷壬ʹսҲҶǳĶ֡
ʵ˶ѡҶǳűѹסç䳰
çŭȻһݣ漴Ҷǳҵġ
˵գӻȡһźɫĵҩֱȥ
ǡΧˣʱ¶֮ɫ
̨ϣѧԺ߲ۼ⣬ϳçµĵҩɵ𾪵ǱçȻʹñ
ˣ̫ˣ޸ԣʱվŭ
Ȼ֪çڵΪһűӵпһսʵֱװ
壬ʱû˵ʹõҩңǽֹʹõҩôʦֻ׸𣿡ɽߵ
һԵӢҲ¶Цݣľû˵ʹõҩ
޳ܣ
޸һۣ˶ʱҶˣսƣǻǺܼɵġ
ѧԺĸ߲㿪˵޸Ժ˵ҲԣûнֹھʱʹõҩçҲûΥء
ߣ޸ԣʱʵһ˫۾Ũĵ֮ɫųµҶǳ

ʱһǿϢѾçϯ
ҩԷӵĺܿ죬çոշȥãɢϢѾһս
һ˲䣬һǿսç͸γһƬսϡ
찡սţ
̤һսı־
ǱֵҩֻάһСʱңиãʹһ֮޷ʹս

Ⱥ֮Уһ
ҶǳŶçиһĨ֮ɫû뵽çȻӵֵҩ
Ҳ˵۷嵤ҩмʦУ˿Ƶĳ
ⵤҩǱõģû뵽çȻڴ˿ʹãҪƴˡ


57 
ٳϣç̷˱ʵǣһսǻսųɢһǿϢ
ҶǳɫأĿç
çƣȭһǿսʱȭͷ⡣
ʱؿҶǳɫЦҶǳܹƵҷñҲе㱾¡ϧҲˡ
ʱӵſһսʵԷǳš
̤սΣҲҵĶ֣οֻǷõҩܹʹһսĶҶǳߵ
ڻʼ԰ֵʱնɱһսޣǲһսʵ
çȻűӵпһսһսԶ
ԣҶǳ޾塣
ԿɡƣçбŭһٶȳҶǳ̧ƣսţ۳һɫƣҶǳȻѹ
͵սӿͬһƵֹƥ
Ҷǳûжʩչնٶӭȥ
䣡
ٴײһ졣
һ̣Ҷǳ˶ɳȥڵ̤ţǿͣסӡ
෴çȴͣԭأȴ𾪵ؿűɳȥҶǳôܣôôǿ󣿡
Ҫ֪Ѿӵ˿һսȻûдҶǳֻǽԷɣʵ̫ˣѹǰҶǳĶ֡
˵𾪣̨ϣԼΧĹսߣȫ𾪲ѡ
һսʿȻӲһսֱ漣
С֣Ӣҧг𾪺ɱ⣬֪ԲҶǳɳȥˣĻҪˡ
һԵɽʱɴ۾š
ҶǳڰսʿçҲˣç˱ӵпһսʵȻκβҶǳ̫ˡ
СӣȻûʧ޸չЦ⡣
ΧѧԺĸ߲ǣʱҲɫЩ𾪵ؿҶǳ
һ˳ķˣڳΪĿĴڣҶǳԼŬ츳һ漣

ٳϡ
ҶǳмؿŶç˱㻹ôǰֻǸѡ
ҶǳҵҪ㻹֧ŶáçԲȻŭͬһͷͻݺݵҶǳ
ٶȼսһΣҶǳȴ·硣
ȴûʩչժ֣ǼʹնĿǳƽû˿ꡣ
ѵҵһƾеĶ֣ĥҵնҶǳа뵽ȻçĥĶҪǱç֪ƻð
ǲò˵Чȷܴ
վܱ쳵Ҷǳ֮ǰһնһֻܿԼ˼ѵõӡ֤
ڣçιУһЩ뷨ܹʵ֣һЩĵطҲʱնʱ١
䣡
һαçɳȥ
ҶǳУȴǱҵľ⣺ԣ壬ժ֣ܱһսô᲻Уһ⡣
ȥɣçų
ߣҶǳһӭȥʱغçӲӲһΣԼ⣬ѰҴ𰸡
ѾսˣڲնѰһ⡣
˿ȴϵ·磬ܿҪçˡ
ҼçӮˡ̨ϣɽ޹˼ɵشЦһĵ֮ɫ
һԵӢҲ¶ЦݣçֶȻҹƣ£̤һսˡʱ򣬾ȥµ۹μѧԺĿˡ
˵콾ֶѧԺӣʱϣ콾ֶչһç˳ͨѧԺĿˡɽæ˵
ǺǣԼˣȻû⡣ӢЦ˵
һԵ޸ЦűʤʲôֵýģǶ
Ī䲻𣿡Ӣ켥
޸һȴҲɣתͷŲٳϵҶǳ뵽ҶСӣǧҪסֻҪټְʱҩԱȥˣʱçһˡ
ƺ޸յٳϵҶǳȻЦ
ˣԭˣȫܹӳǿҶǳЦг֮ɫ
ԶվһʯͷϵëҶǳĻɵͫһɣСѵˣⲻܣã򣿡
ҶǳҿǷˣȥɣçҶǳûл֮ȻڹЦʱ߳ŭһһƺݺݵغҶǳ
úãҶǳçɱоⱬ̧ƣʩչն
ֻһΣնԵøͨˣ·
СҪˣǿ֮ǰʩչնеһնȴһûУսķѹˡ̨ϣӢЦ
ɽ˵ͷ˵նıǰԵһնư硣ǰСӻʹȴˡ
ţҶСѵĺķս𣿡޸Ҳˣɵ֮ɫ
УֻëҶǳһеܣɵȻг𾪣أȻǾأСӾôˣ
ʵ̫ˡ
䣡
ڴʱҶǳٶȺçײһ˴ȣȫӳǿ
һ֮çɫ䣬𾪵ؿҶǳ
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ҹȻûв´ȫһ㣬ܷӳǿҶǳţ
ëʱ˹ļϣҶСӣ̫ñүˣնʵΪᣬû뵽Ȼ˾ء
أҶǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
İһ㣬˭ףҪȴǺѡë͵Ǿأ˾أʹһľһһʯ෴ܹᣬôʹúصĺڽܹľһɡ
ë˵˾أҪ˶ãܹˣʱϣ¾ơˡ
ƣ
Ҷǳɴ۾
ѾǸոս½СˣŸµѾΪһԱˡ
ڡơҶǳǳΪսǿߵĶ֮
ֻսǿߣơν֮ƣˡ
սǿߣֻҪһ֮ƣôʵ͵ˣͻᱻ嵽Ӷʵսܡ
һơҲ̤սǱ
Ҷǳ𾪵ԭ


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Ҷǳë̸۵ʱ򣬸̨ϴһ
ɽɱçϸ飬çֻ˹ȥûΣգ˿
ҶǳҼסˡɽ漴صҶǳһۣçȥˣҪȥçˣç㲻Ҳ
ߣҶǳһЦ
ͽжж񱨣ǲֻʱδ
˵գ̧ͷ̨Ӣһҧгݵص
û뵽һǵ͹С֣һΣһȫ֣ˡӢؿһҶǳ漴ȥ
޸ЦݵվЦҶСӣɵòʵ츳ھ׼߼Ű࣬ɡ
ţҶǳЦŵ˵ͷ
̨ϣѧԺ߲㣬ûһɣΪҶǳʵ츳Ѿǡ
׿ˣȻҲвѧԱﵽսʿ磬˸߼࣬Ѿκ˵Ȥˡ
ڳˣֻסһҶǳֱҶǳ뿪֮ǻ̸Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ֣һδʼѧԺ˳ȥ𽥱ǵ֪
֮ɡ

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ҶǳźڽʩչնһĽ籬ǰһʯ˷顣
ԱߵëЦ˵Сӣ˾أնѾ˴ɾ硣ңҪ˶ãܽԲ硣
˵ľᣬƺҲ˵ͷҶǳ漴˵
ëʱɴ۾ôܣŸոأôҪ𣿡
û˵ô죬ʱֻеͷҪ򣬿»Ҫһʱ䡣ҶǳЦ
ë˿ļצؿ˵ãҪô˾ᣬ츳Ҫүˡ
ëһı飬Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ˣնѾҪԲˣҪʲôսҶǳȻʵ
նëԣ˻ӼצһʱҶǳ
Ҷǳһķдţն
ͼݵսȻ͵˳Ҷǳë
ëм˵үῴⱾƼսʱȡˣСѧˣٽŻȥɡ
ҲһŻƼ۷սնѾ㹻ˣΪλҪսҶǳ漴ɻʵһŸ߼ս
СӣնͿնүĿĵġնٶȺͼɣᡣնͰءսϣؽһи⡣
ë˵գҶǳͻȻЦȻⶼǴҪģҪǣ㽫սԲ֮Ҿʹһŵؼ۷弶ս
ģҶǳԴϲ
ȻģؼսǸսǿģҪơСԣںúնͿնȡᣬȻһ֡ơë˵
ˣ
ҶǳǱ෴ǳëĽͣԼ֮·
ò˵һõʦָ㣬ԼҪǿˡ
˵ëնҪأ²֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
˵ơǾ͸֪Ҫȵʲôʱˡ
ëָ㣬Ҷǳ֮·Ǿͷǳƽ̹ˣÿһνӣһǴġ
£Ҷǳʼն
ΪѾ˾أѧϰſնٶȷǳ죬һʱ䣬ͽն˴ɾ硣

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ҶǳĵŰѧԱѾֲˣϾҶǳ׿һսʼѧԺ𾪲ѡ
쿴ҶǳȻֻаսʿ磬ȴç
治󰡣çǾսʿ۷徳ǿߣȻһսʿˡ
Űֳһǵˡ

һŰѧԱۣҶǳĿУ˼ɵ֮ɫ
çŰһǿߣҶǳܹʵȻǿˡ
ǿΪ磬ǿߣǶǳ˼ɵ뾴η
Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ߽ҵʱ򣬱һ
Ҷǳתͷȥǰ죬ʱǳһĨЦû㣬ôҶ֣
ûǾ϶ᱻçܣû뵽çǸȻʧˡ˹վҶǳǰߵ
𣿡ҶǳЦ
ΧѧԱǶȵؿţƺû뵽ҶǳȻг𣬿Եӣƺ޻С
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ҶǳºһһȵĹҪʼˣǻʼѧԺĳࡢм͸߼࣬Ҫѡһλǿȥμӹ磬Ǿսӡ
˵
漴תȥصԼλϡ
ҵţҶǳһЦҲصԼλϡ
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ÿʱҪһι硣
ʱܱߵļǲʹǰ
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Ϊ˫ȫ濪սܾˣԱԼǲѧԺеλд衣
λŵѡǴӳࡢм͸߼൱ѡ
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ȻˣͬеǿߣԽսʵʸμӹ硣
ᣬΪ⣬ʱǻ˵жѡ֣϶õĽ
Ҷǳ뵽һ˿ڴ
Ϊ⣬ֽ϶ϴԵҪ
ҶǳڼҪʵΪҪѧԺʱ̤һս磬ͨѧԺĿˣѧԺ
ѧԺʱҪʱ˵Щš
ϣĽҪʧҶǳգʼΡ
߼ʦսǿߣŰʦǿһλսǿߣͨѧԺĸԺʤΡ
ֻǣʦ̤ҵʱҶǳʱĿɿڴ
ͬѧǣӽ쿪ʼҽ̵ǡ޸ͥɢ߽ңĿҶǳͣƬ̣漴һѧԱЦ˵
һѧԱǶʱˡ
Ȼ޸Ժ
޸ԺʮԺ֮ףû뵽Ȼ̵ǡ
ǵã޸ԺʮλԺǿһû뵽ҵõָ㡣

ѧԱǶǳ˷ܡ
ʼѧԺԺǹǹֻһϵԺʱѧԺ
ѧԺƽ񣬶ʮλԺƹܡ
У޸ձʮλԺ֮ףʵҲǿһ
Ȼүү
ҶǳʱŷӦɵ־ϲ
µõ޸صΪģȻ޸յĵλôһʦ
ҶǳЩж


 


59 ɭ
ʼѧԺ߼Űࡣ
޸վڽ̨ϣĿ⿴һѧԱ˵ҺʦͬμȻ̵ǣôγ̣ȻҲͺǰһˡ
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ԣڣϿʱС
ܹŰ࣬ҲǰսʿˣҵҲԶˡ
һҵǾҪпͳ磬ҪѧԺǾҪ뿪̤·̣ǰµ۹³ǣ⽫һγĵ·
ԣҾ
޸˵Ŀ⿴ѧԱż˵쿪ʼǵеľսʿҪҽɭʣµѧԱһﵽսʿ磬ҲĴ
ʲô
찡ǾȻҪȥɭ֡
޿ɱȻʼ԰Ҫö࣬ǳΣգֻһЩӶŸҽȥ

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ֻҶǳ۾һ˷ܡ
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վϵëҲСӣһûᣬͷ˼ˡڣǸ񶾵Ů˾κβ㣬ǿԾɭѰҩˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲôġ
Լһ˲ȥɭ֣һɭǳΣգӢ˰ɱ
޸ոţǾͲһˣӢܹǲսɱ
ǾսǺεȵλӢôǲĶ
ʵϣӢҲֻǲսѣȻּĸǴﵽսǿߣеλģ˭һŮ˵
޸ǰǾһֻϣ֮ܺɱôɱҶǳ
͸ҶǳһνɭĻˡ
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üͷһ壬ɵó޸Ժղ˵ֻоսʿܸɭΪʲôҶǳԽȥ
԰ҶǳֻǰսʿҲǰսʿΪʲôԽȥҾͲܣԱһҲվ顣
ȻǰĹӡ
ҶǳЦ
޸ҲЦ˭ҪڰսʿçҲɭ֣Ļұ졣
˻һʱ޷ˣҲûˡ
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ռ侧ʯδ̫ˣֱ
뵽ռָҲȻˡ

еĶװ˿ռָ֮ҶǳǰѺڽ漴ëʵǲҲŪսйҲзɣ
Сӣ壬õķɱսǿˡëߵ
ðɣҶǳ̯̯֣漴˵ȥɭ֣ǷͷжڵʵԸһսӦòɣ
СӣɭôΣգүǺСһһС棬Ǳү˭ȥëҡҡͷ
ҶǳģһԼҪһ顣
ëڴﵽ˾սʿ磬Ըһһս⣬ʵ֮£Ҳһð֡
һʱ䣬ת˲š
ڶһ磬ҶǳʮˣʼѧԺĴſڡ
޸Ҳˣʻһ޳Ҷǳ뿪ʼѧԺ


60 ʼ
ָ
Ҷǳһ˸ո뿪ʼѧԺǰɭֵʱ͹Ϣˡ
Ӣҧһŭ˵û뵽ǸС־Ȼȥɭ޸Ǹƥڣǿ²ɱ
ˣҶǳСӳҪȥѧԺģʱһ·ǾͿԶˡ˵
СھͿһսȵһսΣʵ͸ǿˣ㻹аɱ𣿡Ӣߵ
෬ıҶǳʧܣʹӢҶǳԽԽˣҲԽԽˡ
ףҶǳ뿪ǰ³ǵʱһοɱҶǳĻᡣ
ʧˣôȵҶǳѧԺֻؿţ޻ᶯˡ
ˣʵɲصǣ콾үѧԺҶǳСӱ˵޷ͨˣǿͨ˿ˣ콾үҲ˵
ȻҶ콾ģ콾Ҫٵս磬Ҫ顣Сֵ飬򲻵ѣҲ鷳Ӣҡҡͷ˵
˶콾үǹػ˵
ҶӽҪΪսսʵľǿߣĸ׵ģȻҪ̺·һвˡӢ˵
ˣūи飬ȵҶǳС뿪ʱǿܵɽ֡СǴүٴçүܵɽ϶Ҫ𡣡˵
Ӣ۾һͷãҵܵɽսǳ֣С̤һսΣҲĶ֣һʧ
ʱūҲһȥִҶǳСӵԴ׸ˡɭ
⻹ˣӢҡҡͷ˵Ǹƥûǻǵ͵㣬˽´ɣԲƥ֪ǸСֵʬ壬ʱǧУٽι޼ɡ
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ĸ·ʱҶǳڵִɭ֡
ǰһƬӴĲãɭ֣Ҷǳɵʵүүڸʲô
ȽȥҸطӪկȻֵء޸һӸ߸Ծ𣬼˸֮䣬Ѿʧǰɭ֮С
үү
޸Ժ
һѧԱҶǳڣһæ󺰵
ҲҲ޸յӰ
ʱɫѾΧ˼ķ紵ǰ˸
޸վǣЩֲ
Ҫ֪ɭ֣ʱ޹Ϯǡ
СӣģͷûԶȥǰ̽·Ȼڰбǡë˵
Ҷǳ侲һЩЩڻҺͽ֮е˵Ƕˣڸҽɭ֣ȻүүҸطӪկٿʼ
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ֻһսʿѣǶǾսʿΪʲôҪ
Ϊ޸Ժأָǣߣûš

Щǣʱмߵ֮ɫ
ܹΪŰѧԱǶԼĽһսʿǼֱܡ
ҶǳçϻֻһսʿЩлǺܲġ
ȻˣǾԼŰɡ
Ҷǳǿͬһ༶ķϣ׼չһЩ꣬Ȼǲ飬Ҳö£ֱӳɭֳȥƬ֮󣬱ʧïܵ
޸պҶǳȥЩǴʱҲʼ侲Ȼһɭ֡
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СӣɫһôȥϢɣүҹë˵ûˣҲ֪˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷһôһƽȵĵط㿪ʼս
ԶʮһǣʱҲɭ֣һ΢εĵط㿪ʼӪկ
ǻǺܴģʮһ˷ֳ飬ÿֵĸСʱ
ʱ仺ţҹɭָ˯ţʱشһĵ޺
Щ궼ս𣬸Ҫ˯ֻҪսڶȻٱ
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ոս°ҹʱҶǳԱߵë㷢һЦ
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Ϊëڶۣһ˫ɫӣɭ
ǸͷʱһȺ൱սʿĻǣëЦ˵
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ҶǳϵģȻϢ
ߣƭ˵Ⱥأ

Ƿ׷ŭҶǳ
ȻڴʱһĵĹâܵĲݴ֡
ţһͷͷͿʨȫɫëĶǣӲݴ˳ӪضΧˡ
һǶʱŴˣҲ˲ָҶǳ׷ױűŵؿΧȺ
һͷͷɫĶǣðĵĹâſˮ׺ݵضǰȺǡ
ЩȻʵǵһξֳ棬ԵЩź
ЩǷǳƻûϷƽȺꡣ
һȺǶʱоһǿѹƶ˺ˮһɿֻŵ
Ҷǳ֪ȥȺǵƾҪ׻ˣʱͻΪȺǵв͡
ʱҶǳȵҪ£ȺҲ൱սʿһǾսʿȫɵɱǣֻҪעͣңһԻǡ
˵գҶǳߵȺǵǰסеĺڽ䶢ǰΧȺ
ҶǳĻټҶǳǰ棬ȺǵĶʱָһЩ
ҲڴʱȺڷ˹ʮֻǵ߸Ծ𣬳ǰȥ

Ҷǳһսڽ֮У˫ռݵ棬һֱ£ҫ۵ĽʱһͷǸ룬ѪȾ˵档
ͬʱҶǳǳʤ׷һɨȥǰֻǶɳȥ
ѪڵһĻһǶʱû뵽ҶǳôǿҲû뵽Щô
ȺҲˣֻҪңǵʵӳǾͲǵĶ֡
Ҷǳһ߻źڽնɱǰĶǣһߴ
ǿչ˿ıһ߶սΧĶɱȥ
һ֣ǶʱȺҲûʲô˵ģֵסǼιͱնɱ
Ҳѹ֣һǾսʿеǾսʿ۷徳磬ЩȻ࣬Ͼֻ൱սʿ磬˫ɱȻס
ǰЩֻǵһܵȺΧټϱ׺ݵˣԲŸеš
ʱҶǳĴ£ѾʼɱЩǽڽڰˡ
һʱ֮ȺǱɢˣֻһصĶʬ塣


61 ؼ
Ӯˣ
û뵽ǾȻɱȺǡ
ȺҲûʲô˵ģֻǳñȽ˰ˣʵȫһ

һǿصĶʬ壬ʱޱȣһ˷ܵش
ֻһȺǣǺһֳɾ͸УеǳԺ
˵̫磬ղֻɭֵĿθˣޡҶǳһȺ˷ܵ꣬ɵһ
漴ڽץһֻʬ壬Զȥ
ǿıӰɵ뵽֮ǰĻʱ֮ɫ
ǲǱ֪Ҷǳʱ֪ͨǣǹʿԼǰ棬ǿ϶ذɡ
˵֮ǰǲ̫ˡһ˵
Ǹɣô˵ξǣǲӦųһҲ˵
ԣҶǳǸǰǵȷ̫ˡǿ˵
ЩȻЩСͱ峤軵ˣϾͻСٻҲȥ
ҶǳԵ±Թ֮ҲʶԼĴæ׷ȥҶǳǸҪҶǳ
ҶǳǵĵǸȴûкǻȥǼУΪҪȥѰҩġ
ֻ÷ˣһεĽѵǽ˺ܶ࣬ҹһΧѲߣԷһ
ҶǳûмϢǳҹɫڸѰҩġ
ɭȻкܶҩģΪﾭһЩӶʹӵܹˣһЩҩѾѹθɾˣֻȥ
һϤӰȴͻȻ٣ǰ
үүҶǳüͷһ塣
޸յҶǳһۣСӲ𣿲֪ʲôط𣿾ȻҼȥ
үүɭĥ𣿡Ҷǳɻ
ûȥɭΧһ¾ͿˣһһһЩʵǲǣǵսǿҰ޸˵
Ҷǳû˿ҽҶǳı֣Ҳǳ⡣
үүҶǳҪڣȴǿǰ޸ɫͻȻһ䡣
˵޸յȵ漴ĿɭֵһĨ𾪣ǿҵûв´ӦǵؼǸ߼ޣ൱սʲô˸ȥ𣿡
үүΪʲôûиӦҶǳԣɻ֮ɫ
൱սǿġơСӲΪôܸӦĵҲǴﵽս۷壬ǿӦĵ
޸Ц漴ɫˣϽȥҵǰȥ
˵գӸ߸Ծ𣬼˸֮䣬Ѿʧڴ
Ҷǳ׼ߣëͽСӣʲôʱôˣǿǵؼȻֻ͵ȵ壬ֻҪõһЩѪƳѪˣɱЧǿˡ
磬˰ɣûүү˵ǵؼǸ߼ǿ൱ս𣬾Ϊȥһ綼ɵغɱǡҶǳԵɴ۾
ִ飬ҲҪսǿߣжԶԶá
Сӣû뵽㵨ôСѵ֪үȹȥҪûлᣬ˻Ҳ˵СѵͲʶһսǿߵսǵؼҲһϵˣСӶûм߼ްɣѵûһ𣿡
ë·һħڲϵջҶǳ
Ҷǳ˸ž⣬Ȼҧҧ˵ãν뻢ѨɵûӣҾƴһءˣѪʲôҩʲôȼ
·ϱ߱˵
ëۣһ˫ɫӣŴȥܿͷ˵ؼڣʱָҶǳǰȥ
·ϣë˵ѪѪɵĵҩΪѪǳԵֻͨƳɵҩ˰ȫáȻ񱾴үޣȴǸҪѪֱӺѪܽգӶʵ
Ѫĵȼɲ˵ΪѪĲͬѶҲͬԵȼҲͬҪ֮ѪѪǾ񵤣ֻõؼѪֻҩɣСӦÿƵĳ
Сӣо仰ô˵ģȫ¶Ǳǵؼ⣬̺ŻԶһΪһܺóԡ

ëָҶǳԽɭ֣ʱҲܵ𶯣һǿƴǰϯ
Ҹе궼ڲҲ̫ǿ˰ɣҶǳľ
սʿս𣬶ֻСӣֻгΪսһǿߡë˵
˼ǰУúǿһͷ޴ޣ·һСɽһڿţǵؼ
ҶǳϸȥһٶӶʱϹŵؼʮֻ𱬡
ǵؼ÷ǳֲһһӺܷ֣²˰ɫۼףݺ˸ͭһĴ۾˷ڵɱ⡣
ҶǳԶԶһۣ͸оֿµϢϢ
ԭͷؼˣѹȺӶΧɱëһЦ˵
ˣҶǳ۾ϸȥ
ȻڵؼıϣһѪɫѾ̽ڣðѪ
Ϊؼ۱ǰɫϸ濴ǸѪɫ
ؼҪŵӲǿѪɫһλսǿߡë˵
սҶǳȻĹҲһһսѡ
սǼµ۹һǿˡ
ô죿Ҷǳ漴ʵؼѪҺϣʱһۣǿɶǱôװ˷ˡ
Ȼǵȴܾˡ
ëһЦȺ׳Ϊؼ˾ܼˣ֪ؼֻҪӵѪҴﵽս磬ʩչľС
൱ڡơô𣿻ԹҶǳȵ
СӣơȻȻΪսΪʲôҪơңһ־ϵĹһĹԺ𵴣ѣΪ׳գңֱëЦ
Ҷǳ࣬û뵽ôֱһħ֮ɱΡ
СӣԶ㣬ͷؼһǱƵ˼ޣͻƴӳʱҪýСڵʵ˲ͻᱻɱë漴˵
ʲôô˵Ҷǳ־ŭæźȥ
ˣˣˣСôôСһξëɵ˵
ҶǳԷ˷ۣǿսֵסһսʿСһȻҪԶ㡣
ˣ쿴ͷؼҪˡëȻ˵


62 ޴ջ
ëĻҶǳʱĿȥ
ͷؼȻÿͬƵģһſֲ籩Χϯһž޴Դ̧ø߸ߵģȻſ죬͵طһ
ʱһɫĲϯΧΧӶȫɳȥʵµӶ嶼ˣ֫һأǳĲ̺Ͷġ
Ǽǿĸ߼սҲѪתˡ
һ˲䣬Ҷǳоһ飬Ʋѣǳܡ
Ҷǳǳ𾪣ôԶȻܵ˳ѹЩӶôҡ
ɣ
ڴʱһϤĺ
үүҶǳǼдӶ֮޸վȻ֮жȻһݺݵؼ
ͷǴ֪ͷؼѾǿ֮ĩˣϧ̫ˡëɭЦ
ãүүΣաҶǳôһ˵ʱ֪޸Σա
ϧ̫ԶѶС
Ϊʱ򣬵ؼѾ˦Ǿ޴βֱͣ˴޸պݺݵغɳȥ
ۣ޸մѪһʱҰֽû뵽ͷؼȻսֱ̫ˡ
޸ҲתߣҲҴͷؼˡ
ٺ٣ͷ̫Դˣ֪սսأҲһȺսԽɱģһƴͬսҪС
ëһֻ޸ճΪһֻڶڻ
ڸô죿Ҷǳݺݵصֻȱµļһۡ
ȻǸȥûˣë˵գͳŵؼȥ
ι㲻˰ͷؼأҲСһɱġҶǳʱ˵
С汿ͷؼѪɫͻˡֻȺӶ̫ɵûпȻһ֮ȥƴǵùǸүүҲǰ׳գֻҪȵؼԼ𣿷ҪʾԼԽУֱȡ裬ߣ
ëߵ
ʲôͷؼҪˣôҶǳԲɵõһ
ߣС̤ս磬֪սжôǿˡͷؼҪûղǼССսһɱȫﻹᱻǸƵޡëЦ
ҶǳľսǿߵĿˣսȫεģһ죬һڵء
ѪɫȻһҪ˵ؼҶǳ漴Щ𾪵˵
ϻˣǸϽ׷ȥҪǵȵѪɫˣǾͱŪѪˡëӿٶȣһ߷ɣһ˵
ʲôѪɫ˻Ҷǳһսǿߣһ
үҲ֪ǲһ򣬾һүɲ⵽ѼӾôɵǾ̫ϧˡëԵЩӿٶȡ
ֹҶǳҪΪԼҲҪΪҪǴͷؼʬ壬ʧ̫ˡ
ҶǳҲ֪ؼʬ󣬶ʱͣȫսǰɱȥ
ʱͷؼѾ˺۵壬ɭ
ȻӴ󣬵ٶȴܿ죬һӾͿӰˡ
Ǿ޴ĽӡȴôҲ޷ء
ëҶǳЩ޴Ľӡǰ׷ȥ
һӦҪ֮ǰһεĵطΪԼĹءë˵
ŶҲ֪Ϊ𣿡Ҷǳв졣
޲һһ˿ѪһԽУǷǳԼʬȫǱһ޷֣ͻøȫʬ³ǶΪԼѰεĹأԼʬ塣ë͵
ǾͿͷؼҪһʲôķˮذɣҶǳɵЦ
һһ·
úǿǰĴѿһ޴ķ϶Ƶµġ˿ڡͷؼĽӡҲ˴ʧˡ
Ӧþط֮Сë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷؼ̫ˣ޷ԼĽӡֻǽǰĵط֮ˡ
ңǰǸ޴ĵط죬Ҳ㹻ɵؼ롣
ֻǣһҲΣؼôѡ˵أ
Ҫȥ𣿡Ҷǳɵÿë
ۿ˵ëԣ˫ĿʱӲӵĹâ漴۾ǰǵ޴ѷ졣
ףѹ֣
Ƭ̺ëۣһȻ
ʲôҶǳɵʵ
ëЦ˵ͷؼȷһõططж죬Χȵҽ赲ûսΪ޷Խ
ҽô죿Ҷǳɫһ䡣
׳գСԼӵл𣿶һҽܱȵ𣿡ëм˵
԰ˣǸϽȥɡҶǳ۾һ̫ˣҪۻ¶ȣҽܱȵ̫
͵¶ȶԣ̫ھŴ֮¶ߵһֻ棬Ҳֻд˵еܱ¶ȸˡ
ȥɣʱ䣬ͷؼҲˡë˵ͷһһ漴ط֮С
һ˲䣬һȵϢ
ҶǳĿȥǰлҫϸһȻһƬȵҽڲϵطš
ȥëͺһ漴ӿ棬סԼҽ֮С
ҶǳҲѧӣ̫ԼȻȥǰҽ֮С
һҽҶǳëһɫɽ֮УͷؼʱڵڵϣһȴѾȥˡ
˰ɣүȻûϴͷؼǸѪɫҪֻʣһҲȺӶĹˡëʱЦĴŹͺͺĳ򣬷ɵؼıϡ
ϻϽȡѪȻˡҶǳҲܼܿͿһصѪʱ֮ɫ
˵öԣˣǱүëԣʱһæóӣʼռѪ
ͷؼӴӵѪҶǳҪһˡ
ˡëռһѪſ;ȥһӱ˻ɫһɹɷڵڱΧ
õô𣿡Ҷǳ˷ۣû뵽ëôæԼպõѪռָ棬±ëˡ
ˬ죬ˬ
úë۾һǿϢϱ
Ҷǳ۾һɣëӿֳʵʻǳʵΧʯ鶼ˡ
ս磡Ҷǳ漴
ֻдﵽս磬սҲһֻдﵽս磬
սһţܸɱС
Уȥγɽâ͵ǳ¡
ڴﵽսˣëЦ
Ҷǳ״ʱѪڴЩѪë̤ս磬ô̤սʿ磬϶⡣


63 
ҶǳŴﵽսëɵĽ֮ɫëӣȴЩˬʱƲﵽս磬ëûг
£үһǸ˵̫ˣүֻлָսΪܽëȻ˵
һ޷ˣҪʵʵҪ࣬ȴ䵽ģ˭˳һֻһֻûëļǳı
СӣˣүȽѪĵ̸㣬ñүû¼סһЩеôˡë˵գѪĵҶǳ
ҶǳѾˣһλмʦһŸ߼ʦĿػֶΡ
ⵤаƳѪ
ҪѪҪһֽݡҩϲУȻƾЩѪƲ
ֻǣݵ֣Ҷǳȴǵһ˵ɵѯë
ëЦСӣͷİɣݲʲôҩģ㲻֪ҲʵϣֲݳѪ֮⣬û;Ѫĵүڵս½Ѿû֪ˡ
ɭ֮з𣿡ҶǳæʵѪЩȲϾҪ̤ս磬ֻѪˡ
п϶еģǻҪһµʱ䣬ʱȥҿүƣǷݿɭֵǵʵ»޷ȥԣСӻȥӶᣬһѰҷݵкܶӶȤģǰңһȥɶˡë˵
ȥӶᷢɲˣ޷ģǮҶǳһЦ
ӶȷһõطֻҪǮͿԷκȻӶΪЧ͡
͵й̣ʱ򶼻ؽӶս
ЩӶΪ棬ʲô񣬶ȥŬɡ
ϧҶǳ޷ġ
СӣûͷؼۼӲޱȣǴ쾫ƷҪϣֻҪȥΪˡëߵ
Ҷǳ۾һôһսװɣҵڻûսء
У㻹ĥ壬սױϾ֮òҪëҡҡͷ˵
иս׷ҲðֲҪҶǳ˵
ɣؼӲĵطۣʱ򱾴үЩ۸һڼףţֲ£ǳ㡣ë˵
ðɣҶǳ˵ͷڼ׾ڼףܱûҪǿ
£һһʼεؼϵۣҽⶫǴ󲹰ࡣ
ϧͷؼǰһʹѪ̺֮࣬ȻĻЧáëһʰһź˵
ǼıѾܴˣͱ̰ˡҶǳԷ˷ۡ
үֻ΢̾һ°ˡëƲƲ졣
һӵأһӵпռָؼȻӴ󣬵ǱǸָĸɸɾ
ǸͷӣëЦ˵ؼĹͷҲǳӲƾƷĺòϣȥҲüǮ
˵ûϹȻǱҶǳЦ
漴뿪˵أٴδҽط档
߰ɣﻹеؼĲϢһ·϶ûмʲôޡȵؼϢɢЩ޾ͻˣʱǾͺߵõˡë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷѾɭֵڲˣеģսޣһڿӦġ
޶Լʶڵؼĵ̣еؼĲϢ壬Χ޲ҽӽ˵ء
ŵؼȥЩϢºܿҪʧˡ
ҶǳǼӿٶȣڵؼĲϢʧ֮ǰϻפء
ʱ޸ѾȺһ𣬿ҶǳʱӭȥԶŭȵСӣܵȥˣ
Ҷǳó޸ȻĲǷŭǵģзǳж
үүҾڸתתûȥɭⲻƽҶǳæ˵
ȿȣ޸տһ£ɫЩ԰ס
Ҷǳɫһ䣬æȥסŵʵүүô
ʵ֪޸ǱؼβУ˲ơ
ģˣֻ˵ˣҪǰⳡˡ޸̾
Ҳû뵽лôùͷؼҪˣ׼ȥˣȴû뵽ͷؼǰȻǵʵҪһûˡ
үүϢһ£ǾͻȥҶǳæ˵
εõؼѪ⣬ˣɭֵҲˣûȥץʱЩջѸԼʵ
ãҹȥָһơ޸յ˵ͷ漴һԵӪлָȥˡ
Ҷǳ֯ΧѲΪ֮ǰȺϮʱҶǳȺǣȺǶǳ˿Ҳ
һʱ䣬ת۾͹ȥˡ
ڶ죬ҶǳǱظ뿪ɭ֡
ⳡŲǰˡ
ҵջ񶼺ܴ
Ⱥ꾭ȺϮˣǿһҰľ飬ջ񲻴ҲС
Ҷǳջ͸ˡ
Ψһùı޸գλս۷ǿߣΪ˱ҶǳȺСӵģҶǳûˣԼˡ
ëһ·϶ֻޱȣǱ޸յһֻ顣
һڰʱ֣ڻصǣʼѧԺֱ
޸Ҫȥָƣƶʱ޷ϿˣҶǳҲҪЩѪ⣬˸١
ߣȻȥ⣬үþûгԵˣ滳ëһѧԺ˷ܵ˵
ҶǳҲܼǴ˵е⣬ȻܸȤ
һһܿͻصᣬСȻɻҶǳصô磬ûжʣȥҶǳտˮ׼ϴ衣
ëѾȲóһտˣֱ÷˲տܿһζʹᡣ
ʲôô㣡Сȵ˹
Ҷǳȡһ⣬ݸС˵ԣɭɱ֮⣬ǳóԡ
СҺҶǳȥǺܿ죬ɫͱˣʼð
үҺǣоһŻȼաС˵
Сӣû촫սҹ̤ܿһսʿˡëСңǺչ˵ġ
ҶǳæСսСһս󣬶ʱڵĻȸоʧһЩһůȫ£ǳ
ú⣬̤һսʿ


64 ̩̹ʹ
Сҵʵ̫ͣһ֮󣬾޷ټˣҪȼ죬֮󣬲ܼԡ
ЩͱҶǳëʵСǿˣõĻԳš
Ҷǳһ߳ԣһսʼЩ̺֮
һһʵ̫࣬ǿΪı
ҶǳʹӰսʿڣ˰սʿڡ
һݺҶǳֽ˰սʿڡ
ºҶǳﵽ˰սʿ۷徳硣
ֲֿٶȣҶǳ־ϲ
ڣëѾԹе⡣
ëΪҲһЩﵽһսڣСҲ˼⣬Ϊĺܿ죬ѾսʿˣȵҶǳҪ졣
ȻⶼĹͣСҲá
Ҷǳû
СӣڼױүѾƳɹˣԿһ죬ëһɫڼ׶Ҷǳ
ҶǳʱϲɫؽӹȻԣǳĺ
ȵǣڼ׺ᣬȴǳӲúڽ˼£Ȼһۼû
СӣҲ˭ƵģүƷԱ֤һԵë֮ɫ
ҶǳЦеôˡ
ȥүģ㾹ô˵үС˵˵Դ˱үСӵõ˶ٺôë۾һɡ
ˣˣҴˣҪȥһˣһЩۣȻȥӶᷢѰҷݡҶǳæ˵
Ѿﵽսʿ۷徳磬ֻҪƺѪ̤֮սʿˮˡ
п̤սΣϾëЩѪ֮󣬾̤սΣռЩѪɲëѪ٣˵Ҳܹ̤ս
뵽Ҷǳʱгڴ
һЩۣǰУȻ
ûдëΪëǿ϶ᱻϳġ
Ͼǣ̫ˣҶǳǽһĺãıǻ
ң֮Ҷǳڳת˼ȦӶᣬѰݵ
Ѻ֮ҶǳϵʽصʼѧԺ
ӣҶǳʼëָ£նͿնŻƼ۷սѾ۷徳磬ͿҪԲˡ
ֻǣҶǳڻûᣬһź
Сӣ𼱣Ҫᣬô򵥾ġܹͣأѾǳ˲ˡëο
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲԼҪ̫һЩϾֻһЩսǿ߲ơ
һЩսδؿػ߾ᣬսʿ𣬾Ѿеһ֣ǳܶսˣԺˡ
ʱżҷݵѾȥˣôһϢûдҶǳɻ
СӣҲ̫СˣɭôҪɭҵݣҪΣգʱڵȻϢңıҲ࣬ҹЩӶδػصȥѰҷݣִʱݣŻ˳
ëƲ
ˣûѪһºҲܹ̤սʿ硣Ҷǳ漴˰˵
츳ټëİʯٶȻܿ졣
ҪǣͻƵսʿûƿֻҪս۵ˣȻȻȻ̤սʿ硣
Ҳã̤սʿ֮ٷѪ¾һ̤ս𡣡ë˵
ս𡭡ڴҶǳо˸
ڣҲһʱˡ
һڣҶǳŬҪָսΪˡ
үүͻȻСҵҶǳĳ˼
ôҶǳɻ
С˹˷ܵ˵үбĹҵʹߵˣ֣˶ڹүҲȥɡ
ʹҲԣһºǹˣʱΧЩʹߵȷˡҶǳ˵ͷ漴СҳѧԺȥ
ǵĽֵϣʱɽ˺Χ߶վˡ
һȺľӣڵ·ά򣬲ԶһȺ޳ʱʻ
Ϊ׵һ޳ϣһĿ꿸һӣмɨΧȺĿ֮гư֮ɫ
С̫ˣǿƺǺܲм
˵̩̹ʹߣ
ѹ̩̹֡жԣ߾Ħһб

ΧȺ۷׷ס
Ҷǳףǰ̩̹ʹߣѹֻŵ
Ϊ׵޳ϵĿ꣬Ϊھսʿ۷弶𣬿Ǵ˷ʱһˡ
ƺӦǸվ޳ϵĿ꣬·ʼѧԺʱͻȻ޳
ΧȺʱһƬؿ˹
꿴ʼѧԺңЦĻʼѧԺ𣿲֪̩̹ĻʼѧԺΣˣи߼İѧԱ𣿿ܲܽסһӡ
˵գĿ⳯ŲԶһȺ꿴ȥ
վڻʼѧԺſڹѧԱֹҶǳһ߼ҲвѧԱˣокҶǳһɭЩսʿ
Ŀһ۾ǣֿףʱ¶һĨЦιǼǾսʿӦöлʼѧԺ߼ŰѧԱɣ
Σ
кָ̣
̬ЩŰѧԱǳˬʱǰص
һеĴӣм˵СǣǼһϰɣֻҪ˭ܽӵסһӣǻʼѧԺ˵Ŵ󼪺ˡ

̫ˡ
һڻʼѧԺѧԱŭ
ǼŰľսʿŭΪŰһԱһǿˣʲôʱֵ˿ˣ
ֱ޷ܡ
ãһĴӣⴸǲֽġһŰѧԱ˳ȡһңңָſꡣ
սʿ۷徳磬ŰçͰ졣мͳѧԱʱġ
ΧЩۣʱؿꡣ
к˸˸㣬ᱻýָš
˵գӸ߸Ծ𣬾еĴӣ㳯ǰݺݵȥ
ߣСһսʹеĳɢʵĹâͬһ磬ſݺݴȥ
ϣٶȺܿ죬еĴӷǳ׼еĳײĳʱˣǴӼײҵѪɳȥ
ʲô
ȻһӶӲס

ΧһƬš
ҶǳҲͫһЩ𾪡
СһһһȻֻǾսʿ磬Ѿһսˡë˵
ҶǳľȻСˣŲ
ʼѧԺҲˣȻû˿ԽӵסҵһӣҿǻŴˡ
һӻʱЦ
ΧȺһҧгݣŭȴҲɡ
쿴ҶǳһԻŵļһͻȻһȺѧԱ֮ϳҶǳɵ˷ܵ˵


65 ۳
ʼѧԺҶǳԶֱ˲֪˲
ç֮ʼѧԺһ˵ĳƺš
ԣһѧԱҶǳʱ򣬶ʱڴ
ҶǳçʱçǾսʿ۷壬ôʱȥҶǳʵ϶ǿˡ
ҶǳһԻļһ
Ҷǳ

һѧԱߺ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҷǳ
һĻȻ˿ע⣬ǳӵĿ⣬ҲҶǳȥüͷʱһ壬սʿһսʿѣһս
֣֮ǰǸսʿ۷ѧԱĶ֣ôЩ˷һսʿ˾أ
Ǽүһǿ
ĻҶǳߵСһӾ˳˫ֲСŭصſꡣ
ҶǳЩȵؿԱߵСңû뵽СҶôġ
ĿЦðҲţСӾ͹԰ɣܲܽסһӡ
˵գҶǳһеĴӣг˲м֮ɫ
Ҷǳû˵վϵëͷŭشСʵ̫ſˣүȥˣҶСӣȥһ
ҶǳʵҲ֮ˣ˳ȥ俴ŶĿ꣺ְɣҿ̩̹ĻʼѧԺ̳ѧԱʲô£
ߣװģˡҶǳڹ򶨣ʱһ֮ɫеĴӣ㳯Ҷǳ
δһǿĿ͵ϢǴڰзХЯһϢѹȸУҶǳ˶ˡ
һ˲䣬Ҷǳڵҵľ⣬ĺڽʱʡ
䣡
ҶǳѸپڽӭȥûʩչʲôսΪԷҲûʩչսڱƴ
һıƴ
ΧսˣȫŴ۾ųеˡ
һѺڽһֻ޴ĴӺݺݵײһ𣬱һĺԿĦҫ۵Ļ𻨡
˵ݺݵײһ˵Ŀ⣬ҲǺݺݵŶԷ
ҹ۾ɵúܴ˫ͻսȫ
ߣҶǳһ屻߶˼£еս˵һӶ۵Ѻڽ档
أ
Ҷǳеĺڽ˲ǣݿһغǰ
ʲôͫһŵصҶǳΪоǰѺڽ·һɽȻײ
ڣڣڣ
һ̣ʱ޴ɳȥʮеĴӣֶ˦ڲԶĵϡ
ǲ
Ҷǳĺڽ˳ǰ£ڼӲʯϣһĺۼԵøĴĿġ
Χսˣȫ֮С
ֻһҶǳŵ̩̹š
ֻһҶǳʼѧԺ
ֻһҶǳΪӮ
һѧԱҶǳ̶˷ܡػ
Ҷǳ̫ˣ
ŵ̩̹ϣƾҲʼѧԺǰҰֱѰ衣
ɣʼѧԺɲʲô˶Ұġ

һ䳰ʼѧԺѧԱ»̩̹ʹǡ
վ޳е̩̹ʹߣɫǳѿڿҶǳʱж˲˼顣
һսȻ˵Ķ֣
ս£һǵһο˳ֵġ
ҾδȲԷӦǶԷĽϸǰѺڽԲֹƷ

̩̹ʹ˵
Ƿǳ˽ֵԽ˽⣬ԽеҶǳĿ¡
ʲô֣
ִʱѾԼĴӣһ𺳵ı飬ǰҶǳ
зǳ𾪣Ϊ⻹ǵһսµǿҶԷΪһΣֱš
Ҷǳ
ҶǳŶһ֮ɫ֣˵ü𣿡
ҶǳߣҼסˣջظղŵĻʼѧԺȷе㱾¡ղǱȵֻȵʱһʵΡһ޳
ͷҶǳ˵Ҷǳҽ֣ڹ㡣
˵գȺ̩̹ʹ߼ʻ޳ȥˡ
֣
Ҷǳס֡
һ츳꣬ƽǻѧԺ
СӵȵһЩʵˣС˾أ¸ղžͲѹˡëҲ۹׼
ʣʲô˼Ҷǳɻʣһδë
壬һʣ磬вӵʵţһ츳ǳǿ㽫ͻˡë͵
ǲֵĺҶǳ̾
ΪΪһΣѹңǿ壬㲻Ķ̴˼ҵĳȥȽϰ޼ëƲ
˵Ҳԣٺ٣Ҷǳ˵ͷ
Ŀ̩̹ʹԶȥΧȺҲɢȥҶǳҲ»صᣬնն
ʱһȥӶȻûзݵϢ
ҶǳʱѾʲôϣˣնͿն߾ڰʯսžսʿǰ
ֻʣһݵʱˡ
ʱڣΪʮʹߵʹǱԽˡ
Ҷڴⳡʢᡣ
һ죬޸ҵҶǳһ˵Ϣ
үүƶ𣿡
޸յҶǳԵúܸˣɵʵ
޸ЦŰ˰֣ˣǵСˣѵסүү
ѼӲҶǳϵëߵ
Ҷǳһֻȱµļ漴޸ʵүүʲô𣿡
֪޸û飬ǲġ
үүˣҪ㡣޸յ˵
Ҷǳԣͫһɫ˱䣬˳˼
үүһϤİĴ
Ҷǳ֪үүּҵϼۡ
ǰּңС⣬Ҳ۶ǳЩģӡ
ϧΪҪս磬Ծչأǳ⵽ӢĶ֣սǣΪ˸
ҲΪˣҶǳлռ塣
ۣҶǳǳӣǳүүҶǳүү
Ҷǳۣûʲô顣
ͬҶǳҲۣϾҲû뵽Ӣô񶾡
ȥһɣүүγսʧܣһЩҪٶʮˡ޸̾
ǲȥּҵġҶǳĬƬ̣漴˵
޸æ˵Ҳ֪㲻ԸȥԾҸϺ棬ɡ
һȥġҶǳ˵ͷô˵ԷүүǰǳҲȷԼһ
عּңǲܵġ


66 һҶ
Ŀ޸ȥҶǳ΢΢˼
һԵëƲʲôþģȥ˵СڻǸϽɡ
ҶǳҲԣȷûʲôþģֻǼһѡ
£Ҷǳʼ
һʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ڶϣҶǳ޸ոˡ
޸ѾڵˣЦ˵߰ɣϼһھͥԺȲ裬ʹȥ
ţҶǳ˵ͷȴһ˿棬ּ֪ҵϼʲôӡ
ܼܿˡ
޸յĸܴۡͬһ޴԰֣ڣǰٻʢһƬ̡
йһӵʯ·˽һͥԺС
ʱҶǳһĿͦεߣ˫֣ŲԶĻ
Ҷǳʱּ֪ҵϼۡ
ƺҶǳǵĽŲ΢΢תҶǳԾϣʱЦݡ
ǳ
үүүҶǳվǽϾǰǳְų
Ҷǳĳƺ۶ʱЦݡ
үţȥһ£Էˡ޸һЦ˵
мЩӣлչǳˡ
Ǻǣ֮䣬õôӣ𣿺ˣš޸ЦЦ漴Ҷǳļ򣬱ԭ·ء
ֱ޸յıӰʧ֮۲ŶҶǳ˵ǳүү֪Щ˺ܴίּұϾĸһϣܹģүүⱲѾԵսˣԽٱչأص̵㣬ص㡣
Сӣģү̵㹻ˣһսҲͱү
Ҷǳûпڣϵë㲻мش
ҶǳȻعּңû˿ԥܾˣ˵ֻּб飬ǲȥġңڽҶǳѾǳˡ
Ҷǳֱۣû˿η֮ɫ
۶֪һҶǳԸЩȣ漴ο˵һȻ˲ίҲɳ˺ܶ࣬Ȼû˵
ߣӢƣǲɳҲûˡҶǳߵ
ɫŭ˵Ҳû뵽Ӣô񶾣ȻսǣģѾںɽ˼
ص𷣣Ҷǳԣһ̡
Ҳ̾ϾҵĶϱдҲֻˣѲɻܴףҵûͷĻðȢ񶾵Ůˡ
ּҵ飬Ҷǳ޹أҲȥģҾҪȥѧԺҪΪǿߣҲκ۸ҡҶǳ˵
΢΢Ц־ҵּңҲּҵѪԶҲ޷ı䡣
ҶǳĬˣ㣬ȷ޷ı䡣
ۼЦ˵ңôûѡȴƫƫѡˡҶգҲò˵ּҵԵ֣ڤڤ֮Ѿעģ㶼㲻
ŶҸҶʲô𣿡Ҷǳɻ
ΪּҵڣҶּңʵҶңΪҶʵϲûּңǷˣǺǣЦ
Ҷǳ𾪣Ŀɿڴ
飿
ּҵڣȻҶ
Ҷǳʱ뵽ѩɭ֣˵Ļ
˵ּҵڽ֡ϣԭصϣȻǡҶ
ѵԣڤڤ֮עģӶӲˣ
ֱ˼顣
ּҵڽ֡ǿ֮ĺѣһ
۽˵͵˵Ĳûʲô
ּ֪ϡ
ϣȴ֡һļһļһһˡ
һּңҲֻ֪£ְ죬Ŀǰ֪顣
ǳּҼʸ֪ܣȻѾҶˣүүȸɡ
˵գɫּҵڣҶ֣սҡҶҡ
˼壬սңϳսǿ塣
ۿҶǳ˵ңҶҵϣһλս񣬷ֱǳս;ս񣬶ǷǳϵսԣеսҵУҶҶһ
ҶǳЩ𾪣û뵽Ҷҵô
ƽļ壬ֻҪһλս񣬾վ۷壬Ϊսңǧ궼
û뵽ҶҾȻӵλս񣬼ֱ˼顣
λսĻۣҶҵʵԺֲܿ
ּҵҶ֣ǳսһӵܡ漴˵
һ㣬ҶǳѾµˣϾõսǣǴǳսġ
ժ֣һ֪ǳսľ
ǳǳΪȡֵʱ򣬱ϣһ죬ܹҶң»صǳսһ̾
ҶǳɻҶΪʲôҪ뿪ҶңңǼȻ֪ҶңΪʲôȥ
ôȥۿЦЩսҵ˶סս񿪱ٵСУ˱˵ȥˣҶҲ
ΪʲôҪ뿪ּңҲ֪Ҳû˵˵ˣֻҪּҵĺ֮У˳ΪսͰƬҶӸʱܹصҶˡ
˵գƣâ˸֮䣬һƬɫҶӳģɢŵ̹⡣
Ҷǳϸ˿ƬҶдĸɫ֣һҶ죡
һҶ죿
ôĿ
СӣϽΪսɣүҪҶжôȻô󡣡

Ҷǳϵë۾һɣʱԵúܲ
ҶǳЩɻ󣬶ʵƬҶʲôΪʲôҪΪսܻصҶң
Ҳƺϲ̸Ҷҵ飬ֻ˵ôࡣǶ֪лҪصҶҵġԣô꣬ŬϣԳΪսعҶҡֻϧһûɹ̾
СӣȻȥүۿ֪ƬҶӵˡë
Ҷǳ˷ۣⶫֲģôܴȥ
ϣ֮̾󣬾ȻƬҶӽҶǳ
⡭Ҷǳʱһ㶡
ۿɫ˵үүγսʧܣ˺أⱲѾûлΪսˣƬҶӶ˵Ҳûˡ㻹ᣬ츳ԶүүһԳΪսڵԸ㽻ˡ
콾츳ǱҸ𣿶ңּҵĵϵҶǳЩԳ˵
Ե콾ģȻõսǣôԵ͹ˡүү޷㱨ֻ油ˡ
̾˿˵㲻ҪСƬҶӣֻҪ㽫عҶңҶҵΪսʶ⣬δر콾
УбүָСӣ˵սˣΪսָտɴëһĴ
ҶǳǽӹƬҶӡ
Ȼ콾սǣ˱콾ĻԵǹƽ


67 ֻת
һҶ죡
Ǻεȵİ
ҶǳϸպƬҶӣ漴ۣĿᶨ˵ҳΪս֮һǰҶҵġ
ãοص˵ͷ
漴ƺ뵽ʲôٴδӿռָȡһƷ
һ澵ӣ˸ɫĹ󣬷ǳأҶǳûһ澵ӡ
۽ݸҶǳɫЩŹֵ˵ʱ澵ǸһģΪ̫Ź֣ʼնֻҺԼ֪ѾˣǸøˡ
ʲôҶǳԶʱһ
Ҷǳϵëɴ۾ŵ˵ôܣô飬ѵСĳλת𣿲үһҲܵκ֮Ӧð
תǴҶǳ뵽漴ӣ濴ȥ
ȴһָסɫӣҶǳ˵⾵ӺܹŹ֣ܻῴʲôֲĳи׼Ȼȥ֮ٿɡ
ŶҶǳһиӺˡ
պ˾ӣ׼ȥٿ
ëҲһ֮ɫ飿Ȼȥ֮󣬱үһҪϸо£ҪʲôҪ֪ܹɹֻضĶ϶ͬ졣
ú޸սԷ
ϯ䣬޸տҶǳЦʵҶСӣҿӶᷢˣƺҪʲôݣⶫҪ𣿡
Ŷ£үүȥɭָһԵԣʱ˵
Ҷǳæ˵үүҲ֪ʦеһλҩģҺҪ
Ѫ飬ûоëͬ⣬Ҳø޸ա
˵޸պ۶һ˽⣬Ҳ֪ǲġ
ȻҶǳ˵ǣǾˡ
ţ죬үү͸ȡھҪҶǳ
޸˵ã֣ϴδȺСȥɭһͷ˵ĵؼϧû뵽˻ô£˲ơһΣȥ˵ܼˡ
ҶǳһЦû뵽޸ջŵؼڵؼⶼѾˣֲ޸ռˡ
ëСӻǰ׳գؼûҲԶԸġ
һԵæ˵ޣ㲻Ҹ㣬սĸӿ£˵ûˣʮҲؼɱġһǰĵؼɱҵȡ
ô޸𾪣Ǻ۵ġ
Щ꣬ȻսʧܣһǸżǸǿӵеǷǳġۿЦ
ʱõˡ޸նʱһ¡
극֮Ҷǳȥˣһ¾ǹˣҪ̤սʿ硣
ʵϣоԼѾԶˣ¾ͻơ
УҶǳڰʯëһ԰ŪɫľӺƬɫҶӡ
үҪʲôߣ
ëһЦ
ȴۣ̽һƬɫҶӣӲӵ⣬ʱ˫֮бɨǰɫҶӡ
Ƭ֮ëм˵ҵʲôأƬҶ֮вһСֶΣֻҪСӴﵽս磬ս꣬ƬҶӾܸܵõӶ֪ͨҶҵˣȻ㡣
ԭˣҶǳԣʱȻ
ë˵СֶΣǶҶǳ˵ȴǷǳһˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢˼ţ漴ë˵ҲճΪսͱҶҵ˽ߣʲôʱҪȥҶңҲҪԼУܹ𣿡
׾٣÷˲ʱסƬҶӣʱʲôʱȥҶңٴ򿪷ӡɡëһ˵
漴ҶӶҶǳϸۿԱߵɫ
һë۾ɵúܴ󣬾һ𣬷·𿴵ʲôµĳ
ô£Ҷǳһɻ
ë۾ļצָɫӣŵ˵ʲôƾӣҾȻ濴ҵɽٵһĻ
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ͬʱҲùӣĿȥ
ëһش˹ۿ
ɫľ棬Ҷǳõеʱ򣬶ʱɢĹΡһ̣һɫһɫھϾ漴¶һֵĻ档
Щ浱УҶǳһƬ嫵ĺڰǿգǿյϷһƵƥʱճӣʱճӵ棬ʮվ֮ϣűһʹ飬һᡣ
ǣ
Ҷǳ𾪣Ϊʮ˵УԼ
Ȼʲһ·Ҳһģȴͬġ
찡СĪʲôתǿ֮Уǿսܹ̤ĵطһԵëҲˡ
Ҷǳû˵Щ档
Щܶݣת˲ûˡ
𣿡Ҷǳɫľӣüͷ壬ֹ飬ǵһѹ֮ǰ۵ɫЩŹ֣֪ɫ濴ʲô
Сӣûв´澵ӦǿԿǰһЩϢ񱾴үǶɽٵĳڱүǰˡҲǰë͵
Ҷǳȴǰҡͷֻǰһˣɲֿվǿ֮еĳǿߡ
ǸˣȷһҶǳܹоĵ
ѵⲻҵǰҵǰǰҶǳ뵽
ǰ˵ֻתֻǴ˵
Դתս½ҶǳͳֻתȻˣǰǰǰҲͲǲˡ
գҶǳɫľӣҡͷˣǰΣڶ˵ҪĻǾ̤սʿ硣
ҲԣǰѾǹȥʽˣҪ𣬳Խǰë˵ͷѵһΡ
ӣҶǳսаʯİټ츳ͺܺá
ڰº˳̤˾սʿ硣
һ̣Ҷǳܵǿڳ˻սָоǳˬ졣
ڳΪսʿˣ
һҾܳΪսˡ
Ҷǳ˸ųҵľ⡣
ڣѾһʱˣڼӢǸŮ˵һδıڳΪսʿսҲֻһ֮ңˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶǳڸоԼһԱİˣƾӢСˡ
Ҫ֪ڰսʿʱҶǳܻܳ˱çʵһս
̤սʿ磬Ҷǳս֮һս
ﵽһսΣôӭսսҲ⡣
ӢĹһսѾҶǳвˡ
ʱҶǳѾӢˣĿӢĶ콾ǸսǵͬĸĴ硣
ѧԺ콾ҵš
ҶǳսȭͷĿ


68 ʮǼ
СӣϲˣֻҪٷѪһսָտɴˡ
Ҷǳ̤սʿ磬ëҲܸˡ
ϾֻҶǳʵǿˣſԸҶǳ뿪СطȥӭӸӹˡ
Сط̫٣ʵѡ
ԣҪʵֻ뿪ƫһСط
ϧû䣬үүүүҲɭȥѰˣǵڶûлҶǳ̾
ۺ޸սɭѾȥˣδ顣
ȻҶǳǵİΣϾ˵ʵǿƥֻҪսޣԺɭˡ
ٳδ飬Ӧûҵݡ
һ㶼ӵѪ޸ɭȻеؼô϶ҲзݣˣСӾͰĵȴɡëû˵꣬㴫޸յ
ҶСӣҪķǸҵˡ޸Ц
޸ԺСҵ
ҵˣ
Ҷǳʱϲ߳ӡ
˫ϲŰëƲƲ죬̾Ҷǳôãֱ˵ʲôʲô
⣬Сڸ޸ݲ衣
Ҷǳ޸Ц˵ҪķݣԲԡⶫңҺүүͷң˰µʱҵ
˵գ޸նһӡ
ҶǳæʵҲʶݣǸϵëġ
СӣˣǷݣ㹻ѪˡëĿһɨ漴
Ҷǳʱ˿мؿ޸գлүү
лˣүүҵġ޸հ˰֡
үүأôûҶǳɻ
ⲻǹ쵽ѵһΣѾμӹˣȻȥ׼ˡ
޸˵վЦҲûȥ׼ˡ
үүߡҶǳæ
޸հ˰֣˵ˣôСӵʵǸ߼ǿģʱ϶Ҫμӹ磬Ҫ⡣
үүģҶĳһʧġҶǳŵ˵
̤սʿ磬аպɨЩʹˡ
˷ݣͿƳѪˣʱʵ͸ǿˡ
ⳡ磬עҶǳĵطʱ֪Ҷǳ֡
콾ͨѧԺĿˣѧԺΪҫ۵ţ˲֪˲
Ҷǳţι֮콾ѷɫ١

Ŀ޸ԶȥıӰҶǳתصӣʼѪ
ѪĵëѾڸˣҶǳҲٱ飬Ѿǳˡ
ңҶǳڵĿػֶδﵽ˸߼ʦĳ̶ȣڻƿأѾԵ࣬ﵽ˻һ硣
ԣѪĹ̷ǳ˳ʱ䣬Ҷǳŵһ˱Ƕζʱϲɫ֪ѪƳɹˡ
֪мѪҶǳһ˿ڴ򿪵¯
ֵֻ¯нһѪ˶ʱסˡ
ôֻһţҶǳɻؿë
ëߵΪеҩѪЩ⣬ʦˣֻƳһŵҩ
㻹ҰеѪȥ֪ҷֿƣܶѪҶǳʱһԹ֮ɫ
СӣΪ𣿡ëƲǷֿƣƳʮŰ˿ѪǼЧҲͺһѪֺͬαضһأ
ë˵Ѫ˵ѪԽ࣬ԽǿƳѪԽȻֻһѪȴѾۼЩѪľһ˿һ˷ѣͷķðɡ
ҶǳʱȻ
Ѫȷĵҩͬ
£ҶǳһϥڰʯϣʼѪ
ֻҪѪСӾʹﵽսˣǺǡëҲڴضҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴еѪҩڻһȵĺʱ˳澭ȫ¡
һ˲䣬Ҷǳ·ڻ¯֮УΧڱ
ҶǳѾ̫¶ȶ˵ֱСһֵһᡣ
ҶǳѸսʼս
Ϊڲϵš
սʿڡսʿڡսʿڡ
ҶǳΪһӾսʿڣһֱ嵽˾սʿ۷徳硣
ڸܵսżˡ
ȻڴʱǰսͻȻһ貵Ľ⣬˶סˡ
ô£ëһ۾Ҷǳ
ͬʱһȵĻ棬Ҷǳϱϯܡ
Űʯʺܺã¾ͱյøɸɾˡ
ԱߵëҪͷų˲ֵ̫ĳɫЩء
Сӳʲô⣿ëв⡣
ԹûгѪµˣⵤҩǳȫ
벻ͨҶǳǷʲôսǶˡ
ˣҶǳսǺ̫𱬷֮ϵÿһ缡ʼþӨ͸һǿϢϵشͷų
ԼԼһѰɫҶǳüı˳
絶ѵë˲䣬۾ɵúܴжȻһϵĴ˵
ڴʱ̫ҶǳǰսһǾȻһѰɫ

Ҷǳ漴һ˻ȻվһǿϢϯ˷
һ̣ҶǳоԼҷǳ·ڤڤ֮һˡ
Сӣս𣿡ڴʱë
Ҷǳԣɵڣ漴ɫʱ䣺ôܣоʵΪλսʿ磬ûս
սʿڵսǾۼھ֮Уսڵս۳սΪ壬
ҶǳڣȻûս
Сӣүû㻹ṳ̂ս硣ëʱڲٻԼĲ²⣬˵
Ҷǳݺݵصûнս磬ƺܸˣ԰оʵ֮ǰǿ࣬޷ս
Сӣǵ˱˻ԡ
ëݺݵҶǳһۣ漴Ľʺ޵˵үûв´ĻСӦ̤ʮսʿ磬Ǵ˵еļ
ʮսʿҶǳĿɿڴ漴ɻôû˵
ֻ֪еľ磬ս񣬶ֻǻ־ǡ
Ǳߣôðһʮˣ
СӣһϵĴ˵㲻֪Ҳ
ë͵˵ںܾ֮ǰеľ綼ΪʮǵģʮǱΪֻ츳ľţ̤磬Ӷÿļ
ǣӢţǽ쵶նȥʮǡӴ̤뼫
ഫ絶ն콾Դ˵


69 
ë˵գ۾Ҷǳ˵Ҳ⣬ֻҪƳ쵶̤뼫ʣСӾˣһ붼ľ硣
ʲôô𣿲ûгΪսȱ˶һΡҶǳƲƲ졣
Ҫﵽս磬ȴðһʮսʿеǳơ
Сӣڸв֪
ëЩɸֵغС֪ʲôǼǿǴԽޣŲ̤ħһﵽ磬֮ͬУ޵еġԺԽɱУ˵ֱ׾١
⻰ǲҸоսʿ֮У޵еģ㲻ʹժֺ̫ҶԽսһһսҵĶ֡ҶԵ˵ͷ
Ȼṳ̂һս磬ҶǳȴܹܵԼ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰǿ౶
ô˵ʵҶǳЩˡ
Сӣúɣүӵ֮ʣǰҲṳ̂˵֮ӵħɵĿҪúھëĽ֮ɫ
֪ˡҶǳ˵ͷʾס
Ҳǰ׳գëôĽͲµǳ˲á
Ҫ֪ԴʶëڣһһǽԴ󣬴û˭͹ͷһǸ߸ϣˡ
ȻëҲĵϾǰս۷ǿߣң޷ˡ
ս½ֻս񣬲Żᱻëɡ
һ޷ˣȻΪ˼Ľ˵
Ҷǳ۾ڰʯǱޣʼϸϸڵԼӵе
ͬʱʮսʿΣҶǳҲҪúоһ¡
ʮսʿȻսʿΣȴѾھսʿ磬·Լγһľ硣
Ǽ
սʿ磬ս磬ںľ磬һ
ҶǳڣоԼսѾսֻû۳սѡ
ˣоԼҲøǿˣⲻļӳ֣
ս
ꡢ־ǿ
·еһУһΡ
Խ̽ҶǳԽеѹëôĽ
ǰԼ嶼ڶϴһΣõĺôǳࡣ
ÿһ磬ҶܴﵽһΪս½ʷǿս񡣡Ҷǳвɵøһ˿ڴ
ñ֪뷨»ᱻˡ
ܹһдﵽѾǲе漣ˣһҲδسһľ콾
Ҷǳÿ綼ﵽֱ񻰣Žδûгֹĳš

˰գҶǳ۾˫֮У˸
ȥնͿնˣ߳ӣҶǳʼն
ڽ裬䡣
ÿһ̳һǰͲֹ
ÿһ·ɽ;ס
ҶǳĽǳأ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬öָеѹ֡
Ϊ˾أһݱУԿһء
ʹĹࡣ
նѾ۷徳磬ԲҲԶˡ
ȻʱҶǳٴʩչնȴоӦ֣ÿһǴоһɾκˣľ಻
꣡
ȻҶǳΧһɾ䣬һƬҳ·һ磬Ϊϯ
ҲڴʱҶǳһݺݵ£εĽѹʹǰĵ棬ѹȳһǳۡ
Сӣϲ㣬ڰѿնԲˡԱߣë۾һʱЦ˵
Ҷǳдһ˿ȣԼеĺڽ˼˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮䣬͸о˺ܶණ
Ǽﵽ˼ʵҲԣ⼸ǰһȼëĽ˵
Ҳ𣿡Ҷǳ𾪡
ԣ츳ֻͨĥ
ҶǳͻһͿԣǼֱܡ
ү˵ˣħ̺޷ûʲôģͿǷԽھˡë͵
Ҷǳԣʱޱ˷ܣڶЩȤˡ
ҶǳʼնȻһõ򣬲Բ磬ȴһξ롣
ë˼ΪҶǳûᣬܽնԲˡ
ҶǳᣬҲԶˡ

ʱһȥԽԽˡ
ΧһЩʹߣѾˡ
ǣһƬֵ֮С
ֱºҶǳҲûᣬоԼѾͻƵıԵֻһˡ
ǹˣʼѧԺĹأҪӳС༶ѡʵǿȥμӹ硣
ҶǳҪμӹ磬׼ʱ
ëһվļϣưĿ⣬мɨǰŰǡ
ȻҶǳһϤıӰȺΧסֺظ̸š
֮ŵҩ̤һս磬ȻôֱĿëмҶǳС
ҶǳһЦѾϳˣǰ졣
һչһ£Ȼ̤һս磬ʱ⣬ֺؽΧǵĴ
״磬ͻһսȻڹϴŹʣΪ⡣һƨ
״粻Űĵһ죬ô̤һս磬¾ܽѧԺˡ
ΰ״һڹѹȺۣԶȥ콾һ

ΧǵĴ֮ɫ
ڴʱ쿴߽ҵҶǳʱҲһĨϷŰЦݣ漴˹ȥ
Ҷǳ
춢ҶǳЦѾΪһսˣذɡ
Уڻʼ԰֣çҶǳܣŰ࣬ҲֻҶǳһܹʸĶ֡
Ѿ̤һս磬Ҷǳ츳ǿҲĶ֡
ؿǰҶǳư֮Уŵɫʡ
ŶǾҪûǸˡҶǳ˵
̤սʿʱҶǳаջһսοѾʮսʿˡ
ƣһĶսδԼĶ֡
ĸ֮ΪһսҲѾҶǳУûʸĶ֡
𣿺ߣơ˵漴صԼλãȴϿΡ
ú޸ˣɨһŰѧԱһۣҪǵѡһǿߣһȥμӹ磬˭ţɡ
ԣһȥ˿ѡ˷
ϾѾΪһսʵǿһأٱǶˡ
Ǿãû˸ұˡ
Ȼ˾ȵĿУҶǳҲȥ


70 һ
Ҷǳ
쿴ҶǳȻҲˣѵ֪ѾΪһս𣿡
ô˵ç˱ʵҲһսǱҶǳڹôãʵ϶ǿˡ
çǿűʵôܸᲢۣҾҶǳαذɡ
ҲðӮһЩϾôҲû˭սʿܹһλս

ҶǳϽ̨һŰѧԱȣ漴۷׷
޸΢ЦſҶǳ̶ֿһԵİ죬ͷȻֻ˱Ƕ˾͵һʤҲμӹ硣
˵գ޸յ߳˽ҡ
Ҷǳû뵽㻹ұò˵еɣֻҪ㷢ԺپԺҶҪ˱ᣬұһΣ㡣
ߵҶǳǰĿưظгš
˵·ʩһлӣ߸ϣȫҶǳС
СӻǷᣡëҶǳУֻȱ¼ȥˡ
Ҷǳؿ죺ң˵Ҳ١
˵գҶǳøϻֱ߳˽ҡ
Ҷǳҵģֺˣߣ춢Ҷǳıɫ⺬ŭ
ȻҶǳĿѾŭ
⣬һŰѧԱΧܣڴ׼ս
УҶǳͰ໥Գ֣˵Ŀⶼܱ䣬Щš
Աߣ޸մȵʼɣ
޸յĻ¡
̧߰ͷмؿҶǳҶǳ˵Ҳᣬְɣа㡣
С̫ǷˣҶСӣϽѾġëŵ̬ȣǳˬ
Ҷǳ룬ֻȱ¼ҲȰò˶١
ҶǳԳ죬ڰ·סȭͷսһȭݺݵغǰ
ʱĪ
һɻսͬһ㣬ǰӿȥƵֹ
һ˲䣬һϢѹŰ
һʵôôǿɫһ䣬Ͼһսеġ
ȻҶǳȭͷͨҲûʵսʲôսǰȴ֪һȭǿ
ˣҲûѡΪΧôţһһսһսʿȻҪܣЦ
գһӭҶǳһȭȥ
ߣһսֻһսʿҵսĶ࣬ʮҲң찵ЦԼһȭš
ҶǳȻȭͷԼӲƴɵǳһĨЦݡ
ҰսʿʱҶһսƴѾ̤ʮսʿ磬սҲѹңһֱѰ衣ҶǳͬЦ
˸̥Լһȭš
ΧսŰѧԱǣɴ۾ţҲڴ˭ǿ
䣡ȭǿսʱһ漴
УҶǳЦȭͷ̺ſֲʱ
㡭ɫ䣬˼صɴ۾ûü˵˾ͱһǿɳȥѪƲᡣ
෴Ҷǳ׷̧ƣһźݺݵزڰϡ
ڰ쾪ŭĿУҶǳһϣеļݶˡ
ǿðصˤڵϡ
Сӵʵֳ࣡
Զ޸οؿһĻ
ΧսŰѧԱˣš
û뵽ҶǳȻô̵ʱش죬Ҫ֪һλһսȵԱçҪǿ
ҶǳʱȻ˵Ĳһ
ʣʱڣҶǳʵѾ˷츲صĴ仯
ҶǳŭţѸǾҵʹŤˣг˷ڵŭ
УʣһУ㣡
ŭİ죬Ҷǳָ漴˵
˻һΧһƬһŰѧԱ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ɫޱȣг˾ŭ
׼лҶǳģŸһ֣ͱҶǳش
Ҷǳһţ˵棬ݺݵزϣ涼ˡ
뵽ŭ죬һҶǳ
սǺɱȭ
һΣʩչԼսɵøҶǳƴˣԼսƣӳԼǿ
ȥɣгɭ⣬ξ㲻ҶǳҲҪҶǳڴɰ꣬ûлհȫӡ
ϧ֪ҶǳѾ̤ʮսʿ磬սһ㶼١
ն
Ҷǳͺȣƴʩչն
նֻǻƼսǱҶǳԲ磬ӳѾսˡ
һ̣һɿҶǳϯ̺ſֲͬһѺصľ޽ݺݵն졣
նƼսѣȻҲ뵲סҵսֱȡ裬ߣ켥һЦ
ȻЦݺܿˡ
ΪҶǳƣһɽôأ̺ſֲٴκɳȥ
һΣܵƸˡ
ôܣôôǿҲţ־ŭȻ
Ѿ̤һս磬Ҷǳֻһսʿѣôܻ
ңҶǳʩչĻǻƼսһȭͻ
־޴ʵ࣬ð޷ţֱһΡ
˵ţΧսһŰѧԱɴ۾һţж˲˼顣
⡭Сӵ״ﵽʲôˣʵȻôǿ޸Ҳˡ
Ψһ򶨱ҶǳˣǳԼڵʵԸһս㹻ˡ
ڰһսҶǳһ
Ҫٴ𣿡ҶǳŲԶڵϵİ죬ʵ
ҧģһ˫Թ۾Ҷǳ
Լ̫ùˣһս磬ԽԼ϶çܲμѧԺĿˡ
ʱ緢ʱ
·ϾȻɱһҶǳȭһžͰˣΡ
Ҷǳơջѡ˷ɵӣ֪ԼԶԶҶǳĶ֣ٴȥֻԼƸأʱһ޷μѧԺˣҪ
޸ռ״Ҷǳʤ߼࣬μĹ硣
һŰѧԱȻо˼飬ۿҶǳǿʵҲܹܡ
ߣǿΣûгΪһսҽѧԺһᳬԽġ
쿴ҶǳıӰҧսȭͷԹ֮ɫ


71 翪ʼ
ҶСӣڵʲôΪΪһսİ죬ǰȻ˵Ĳһ
·ϣ޸ղɵʵղŵһĻʵ̫ˡ
괳µ۹Լʶ㣬֪һЩ츳ǿţԽսսʿԽսսҲǲܡ
Ҷǳ׵ؾͻһսսʿ֮Уֱǲܵ漣ЩҲõǶҪһսǿʤ
ҶǳֱӮҲ̫ˣ·Ҷǳһλսֻһսʿ
޸ѧԺѧϰҲûţԺļǿţҲˡ
үүѾսʿˡҶǳ˵
û˵ԼʮսʿΪë˵ˣ˵еľ磬֪Ҳֻսϵǿ߲Ż֪
սʿСٶȻ죬ս츳Ҳ̬ҾͿȥμѧԺĿˡ޸վ̾
ѧԺĿˣûΪƣһȥμӵģٶһս̫͵ĻǾͲͨˡ
ҶǳȻһսʵȴѾԽһս㹻ͨˡ
ţүүҲȥμѧԺĿˡҶǳ˵ͷ˵
ѧԺս½ѧԺ֮һҪʵ۷壬ֻнѧԺִ̨õ
Ǳؾ֮·
ˣȻȥϢɣҸϡһι磬ͿıˣѾһֻӮܰܡ޸漴˵
ţҶǳ˵ͷš
صᣬҶǳھǱ
ʮսʿ磬һǳľ磬ּԹûж̤Ҳûʲôõ¡
ëҲһжֻܿҶǳԼھ

Ÿ
Ҷǳ֮ܰçֵҲյϢ˶ʱһг𾪺Ͳš
û뵽ûзСӣȻɳز֪ˣѩɭ֣˵ʲôҲҪ׷ɽȣСӡ
ս˫ȭг˻ںޡ
һ㶼ҶǳҶǳδ١
ҶǳչޱȾ׵ĳɳٶȣѾ˦
СܱģҵѾȫˣսܣҲҪ˶ãҾһսˡ
ç˵Ȼ֪̤һս磬ҲҶǳĶ֣ʱҾͿȥμѧԺĿˣȽѧԺĻᳬԽҶǳġ
ҹСҲȥμѧԺĿˣѧԺ콾ڣȥߣֻ˵
ç˵ͷ˵콾ѧԺԺ֮жǺеλģټһλүĳ֣Ҷǳ޷ͨѧԺĿˡ
ߣܻܲȥ³ǣһ⡣Ц֪ԼλõֶΣǾԲҶǳŵִ³ǵġ

ָ
ӢҲյҶǳܰ죬òμӹϢжʱŭֹ
û뵽С֣ȻܹɳֵزӢҧɫ˵
Աߵ˵ˣڵʵͻǰ³ˣʱǳֵʱ򡣡
ߣǾһ°ɡӢɭ˵

峿
Ҷǳһ޸ոϣ޸Ѿװ޳ֱ
һ·ϣҶǳٺ޳ǳķɳ۶ȥȻȥμӹġ
ҶСӣȸ˵һ£ιͬʱıġ޳У޸ճ
Ŷʲô仯Ҷǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
޸˵ԭĹ磬ʼѧԺ͵йʼѧԺɳѧԱֱǴӳࡢм͸߼ѡǿߡһΣҲˣֻһȥμӹ磬˶ųˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷɻأΪʲôˣֻһˣأ
ԭǱųˡ
εĹԣֻоսʿһսԲμӡңúñֵ֣ĺãһԵڵ㡣޸˵
Ҷǳüͷ湻ֵģͻȻı⣬Щϳ
ܺ͹ĿйأҵõϢƺڽӴʲôˣЩѹʹ߶һߣɼͷС޸˵
Щʹ߶Դʲô𣿡Ҷǳɵʵ
޸Ц˵ֻҪڹдžˣʲôԣԼǸں
עҪʧˣҶǳһŵ˵
޸ЦһоͿСӵˣң̸֪˵λԵܴ󣬿϶ģСӾ͸Ҫúñˡ
İɣһսҲҵĶ֡Ҷǳ˵жԹ˵ĴԵɵһ˿ڴ

޳ʻٶȺܿ죬ŹȥʱǱ
ǰĹ㳡ϣʱѾˣȥ󳼺ʹԹ󣬻иǶӵǡ
Ϊ̫࣬Թ綼ǰĹ㳡ϾУΪڸװ¡
㳡룬ڷһ޴̨ЩμӹˣΧ̨ÿǰһŶĳӣѾڷź˾Ʋˮ
Ҷǳ޸²ú󣬹ˣҹ߻һˣ˵Цܣò¶ɻ֮ɫ
ֻ˴һŹߣɫۣûϵó
һвɵһ˿ġ
һˣǵȥ磬ǿ콾ͷѾѧԺԺϣҲһų֣ĿԴɡ
˵գ翪ʼ
һθ࣬ȻǹԵͷϷ
һʹǣȫ¶⣬ڶԼҵʲô
ڴʱһӰȺ֮߳Ծ̨ϣһ˫ưĿ⣬ɨڳˡ
ҡ֣̩̹ʼѧԺ˵սְȻ˵ĿɨЩʹߣӵܡ
ֲ㣬ߣ
ְۡһվ̨
ּҵһˣȻûпʼѧԺϾƫѾ˾սʿ۷徳硣
ΪҲֻһսʿһҲɳһսӮˣҲֻ˼ҳЦ
㣬һ俴Ŷֲм֮ɫ
ֲʱŭ˫̤أӸ߸Ծ𣬺ݺһȭ֡
ˣ
սҶǳ״ʱҡҡͷ
ս֪˺ͬѹ֡
Ȼֻһ죬ֽһ߳ǽֲĸ첲ߵùۣ߲Һһ㵹ɳȥǱˤ̨¡
ְɫѿϣԼӵܹȡÿź죬Ҳܹû뵽ֲȴǱԷһлܣôңּҵˡ
һԣҲоܶ
ϾȥĹ磬ּҳһ콾һսɨˣһԻ͡
ι磬û뵽տʼѾһβҰܣʵǶ


72 Ŀ
һ
̨ϣмؿһֲؼ
һ˵ɫѿϾԼһ֮УȻж˴
ѵûһսʿ𣿲Ҫɳˣֱ˷ҵʱ䡣
ȵ
Ļһ˶ûðɣ޲óûйֻҧݺݵص֡
һֺӣںΧŭĿȺɨһ飬Ҷǳϡ
ֵ΢΢¶һĨƵɫ
Ҷǳ֪ڼŭҪ
ûҶǳվһ˱Ѿ̨
ֱԲѣźԴһ㡣żңǱżҼɳȥģȻҪżҴ
Ȼֺţ˴֣ˡ
ҫӵܶᡣ
һߣֿ̨źԴһм֮ɫ
źԴŭͬǰֲһ̾ͳ
û취ʵ̫ˣû˿ܵŭˡ
һ̼ܲˣһȺеĻ䡣ëվҶǳǰϣһ߳ˮһ¶м֮ɫ
ʵǿ֮ͬУڳ³ң˭Ķ֡Ҷǳ˵
ãСʱˡëЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢ȷһĺʱ
ңҶǳҲᡣ
ȥ꣬콾ڹϺɨȺӢͷΪǿš
꣬ҶǳҲҪҪ֤콾
ǿְԱߵӢҶǳг⣺Ӣ㿴սǵķˣһ»ص۷ġ
ҶǳѾȵĻ档
ʱ̨Ѿٴηֳʤˣû˿ⷢȻʤߡ
żҵźԴҲֵУͱֺɳȥ
սܣһ˵ɫѿˣżҼҲҧгݣɫһƬ
׼Һ޼ңҲԳսһˣû⣬ȫһһܡ
һʱ䣬˿ֵɫˣиǴž̾
ȻֵΪ˷ǳţȷŵıǮǿս츳½ѧԺ׾ٵġ
ˣһǿߣпܳΪս
Ȼʹ֣Ҳ˾壬ΪѾλսʿ۷ǿˡ
ʱѾû˸ҵ̨ˣΪǰˣսʿеǿˡ
˾ǿҲǿ˶٣ȥˣҲѰ衣
㿴ЦˣȺСһǲ˿̵ɫҲܲÿԱߵӣ¶εЦЦ
ӵЦ̨СһߵȵȻֻǾսʿ۷壬ʵϱȸսһսҪǿСһﲻǶҲ
ߵȵǺε츳ȫлΪս˵ҲһСһӵǿֻȵԶԶȲ֡̾
ȵߵȵʵȲЩѪˣǲš˵
˵ЩӵѪĳǿǧҲѵһľţһ֣ͻܵᡣս½Ѿܾûгּĳˡ˵
˵иСӵ֣ͲЩѪŲ٣ϧ˵ᣬû˼ϡӺȻ˵
˵ǸСүүķֲ׾ܵүүѬգȻѡΪʦˡСѾмʦˣԺлΪʦ˵
֮ǰһ콾ӡԣ뿴һܲھһЩš˸ʡ
ţҵǲߣѧԺͽѧԺûʲôֻҪܹɳͺáֻǣҪʧˡЦ
ٿɣǻһսıҲʲô˵˵ĿٴͶ̨
ף
ͻȻ¶֮ɫ
ΪĿ֮Уһ꣬λվ̨
û뵽չǿʵ֮ȻȥսֵóޣСԺǰ;Ȼ͡漴޵
һԵĹҲǸ̨꣬ʱЦСеӡǻʼѧԺһˣҶǳʮ꣬츳ǲ֪Ƿı׼
ʮꣿ⻹湻ģҪܹסʮУҾѧԺˡ΢΢һ漴˵
ĿԴɣ˵ͷ̨ϵҶǳжʱһ˿ڴ
ʱ̨ˣҶǳ
վʱ򣬱ѾĿڳ˵Ŀ⣬
ҪǻɱˣܲѹҶǳȴԵ÷ǳɡ
û˵ֻǳĮ̆Ŀг˼ᶨִš
˭ɻ
ȻҶǳѾˣǴ˶ֻ֣ûмˡ
ǻʼѧԺҶǳ֮ǰһս죬һԻܴˡһʼѧԺѧԱʱ˷ܵ˵
ԭҶǳ
ʼѧԺĵһţϣ鴫
棬ξͿˡ

һ۷׷ףҶǳĿ֮У
ǲ֧Ҷǳ֧ΪⳡٰģһĻôЩ˾Ͷˡ
С֣
ԶӢ̨ҶǳɵͫһͻȻһ˿Ǻͽš
ΪҶǳĻ֣ĻҶǳͻȥ콾һΪҫ۵ˣҲΪǿš
һֵĶ֣ǿţԶֻҶ콾СԶҲ볬ԽǼ콾
Ӣҧ̨ɽҶǳ
һԵְ죬ɫЩӣΪȥĹ硣
ȥʱҲһжŴ̧ͷֱ콾档
콾ʱͬҶǳһһ̵̨ӶɨȺӢ̤۷塣
һΣҶǳҲѡһֻǲ֪᲻ͬ콾һɹ
ңˣĶӡ
ֻǺ콾ͬǣҶǳѾּҾѣǺûаϵ
ҪҶǳˣְΪˣҲᶪ
ҪҶǳӮˣְ͸Ӷˣܵܶ˵ĳЦ
ԣҶǳְɫЩӡ
෴Աߵ۾ͶЦݣοؿ̨Ҷǳ
ʱ򣬻Ӳȥ콾ǳ۵ﶼǺġ۰뵽
ͬʱгڴ


73 һܵ
̨ϣֺҶǳԳţ˶ܵĿ
һˣϣҶǳܹΪǼ𶪵档
ȺʹߣȴǲΪҶǳܹʤΪӵߵȵͬ𼸺޵С
Ȼֵһ仰ȴȺʹɫһ䡣
Ҷǳڿˣһһȫ֣ϣղȺһһĿŶҶǳڵ︡һĨȣǿսϯ
Ļһʹ߶ʱȲѡ
ֵΪˣǺεȵĿţǸղѾʶˡ
ԵһˣȻҶǳôأɼҶǳȷָܵһ˿ѹ
£Ⱥʹ߿ʼҶǳˣʼ´Ҷǳһ϶¶˼֮ɫ
ղսķ˲սҸʱϢϢˣٶ֡Ҷǳ˵
Ļƽȫһ˿Ҳôţȴ͸¶Եţڳ˹Ŀ
ߵӣ¶һ˿ȣ˼Сƺ㰡
ѣСЩ죬ʮʱųΪһսʿǴӶ·ݵڣ̶һ겻ʱڣȻżΪսʿһ˵
֮ǰѩɭֵʱ˴̽ҶǳϢ
ҶǳʮﵽսϢֻּҼϵ֪о޸֪˲֪
ˣҲûв̽
һ겻Ȼżôܣԣɫһ䣬š
漴˵ģƭң
һƭ𣿡Ц˵ʵҶЩţǰûи㡣
ٶȣǿҲõСǳӳǿųԵҩΪôСҲϵˣǵĻô
ǾʷǿˡĿ˸ʡ
ȿֵսɣҪǿųԵҩΪǸһ˵գĿ̨ϵҶǳ
ʱҶǳѾˡ
ҶǳԸ֮ǰǼѲҶǾͲҪ˷ʱˣھͿʼɡ
ִһеĴӣҶǳȥ
ôãǵһζɼǳҶǳ
Ҳ㣬ʱҶǳһ˿ϣһڴؿ̨
ͬǰڻʼѧԺſڵд裬һȻŴֻһʹսʩչ֮ǰǿࡣ
ȻҪϴˢ衣
֮ǰ֮£Ҷǳˡ
һΣҪһسӣ֤Լ֮ͬиǿ
ն
Ҷǳڽһӭȥ
նѾԲ磬һʱͬ裬ƥĽѹϯָܵһɾâ
ߣǰûʩչսܸһһҲŻᱻܡһڵսϵعеĴ棬ͬʱױǿΧĿһ֮
ҶǳȴǿԼΪȶھսʿ磬Ӷȫ֣һݺݵֵĴӡ
ʹʮսʿΪΪҶǳΪʤҪͬһս
֤˭֮ͬеǿ֮ˡ
䣡
ҶǳĺڽֵĴײһʱͬʱܵһɾ޴еЩ飬ڶ𶯡
ǿҶǳֲ̾壬徭һ»޷ֱƴ
ôܣȻ֮ǿҶǳľ̾־𾪶ˣ۾ɵϴ˼ؿҶǳ
ͬϴڻʼѧԺſڣһΣʩչսѾӳԼȫˣȻûкҶǳ
෴Ҷǳĺڽ洫ʼԽԽǿˡ
㡭Щ𾪣ҧ棬ֵźڽַ
ܺˣܺˣϣִԸκˡ
ȻҶǳĺڽͷ·һɽƵģ˺֮У̩ͬɽѹһϮ
أҶǳ΢΢һЦеĺڽķ·һɽǹɿֲ˲һ㣬Ȼ͵ر
䣡
ҲֵסеĴӱɳȥϴڻʼѧԺſڵдһ
ңһң˶ǹǿɳȥڰһѪ
ˣǱˤ̨¡
찡
ôܣ
۾𣿡

һƬ
㳡˶ɴ۾һš
Ⱥʹǣվ˼ؿ̨ϵҶǳ
һҶǳȻͻ֡
Ҫֿ֪ӵ֮ǰɻ˺üλľսʿ۷ǿߡ
˶ãּսʿ統еǿˡ
ȻǰһĻȴ𺳲ѡ
ôǿƵ֣ųսʿ޵УȴҶǳһܡ
ϷԵĽĿãڳ˿ûһš
ڣǶоǳ˼飬оǲԼۻˡ
û뵽ˣСӾʷǰľšѣСҪˣһҪҡ
Ӵ֮лָæͬ𾪵Ĺ˵
ղҲҶǳıָˣЦֻҪСԸ⣬ûҲû뵽Сӻôɫʵ̫ˡ㿴𣿸ղǾأ̫ˣŶ󰡣Ȼ˾ء
֮̾ɫ
ӵ˵ͷ̾Ҳţʮ꣬ս綼ṳ̂룬ȻѾ˾ء
ңûܵصҪǽѧԺоԵģһ֮ơΪսǰٷ֮һٵļʣضᳬԽǡ
Ҳ̾
͹ս׼ҶǳѾ˾ء
ΪսǿߣǷǳʲô
ҶǳѾֻſ롮ơĽ׶ˣֻҪصһ£Ҫ˶ãơ
һԣֻսơǰսˡơôʣ˿϶еš
ˣѧԺҪ¼ȡġ
ѣҲ˵̫ˣСӱϾģҲµ۹Ŀ϶ǽѧԺδػӦǰѧԺЦ˵
ӵЦս½ѧԺѧԺѧԺѧԺѧԺȻȼͬһεԺ䣬ȴѧԺõһѧԺѹѧԺǵڶСӻȷѡ񡣡
ңѧԺҪԺʼŬҾټȥѧԺȴǿֱӽԺĻԵֻҪɵӣԻѡѧԺġ
š
ҶǳѡѧԺġ


74 
Ĺ㳡ϣĵһƬֱš
˶ˣǿҶǳĿ֮У𾪺Ͳš
ôǿͲһ֣ȻҶǳһ̨һֻһսʿ
һսҲɰɡ
Ȼǰʵ˶òš
ôܡ
ȺУӢֱ۾ʵ޷ǰһС
ҶǳȻӮˣӮôɣӮô𺳡
ӢһƬ𺳣ͬʱĵ׵ɱԽԽڡ
ҧĿĺ⣺С־ȻôȻҵƤ³ɳһҡ̫ˡ
Ӣг˻ںޣ֪Ҷǳɳٶô죬ڻʼ԰ʱ͸ȥֻɳһսʿĻҶǳˡ
ϧûкҩȥ飬ע޷ء
ʱ˿ֻ̣ȭͷɵۣվ̨ϣܵĿҶǳ
С֣һ£뿪ǵʱ򣬱ڡӢгɱ⡣
Աߵְ죬˿ɫǳӣ𾪣лںޣ̾Ϣ
ʱɵҶǳ뿪ּʱ˵Ǿ仰
ӽ쿪ʼûǳֻҶǳҶǳĻڶߣְЩڡ
Ҷǳһ㣬ôڣվ̨ϵģĶǳˡ
ϧûС
ԣվ̨ϣܵ̾꣬Ҷǳ
һԵۣο֮ɫŰ׺ӣЦ
Ҷǳǳһʼնı䲻ˡ
Ǿ۵Ѫ
һ˷ǳˣǾ޸ա
ҶСӣȻûʧ޸ҲЦҶǳ˺ţҶǳʼѧԺҽŰࡣ
ʱʼѧԺĸ߲㷴ԣֻ޸յȨƣҲκβá
ǣУһֱΪ̭޸ա
ڣҶǳı֣޸еˡ
˵ûҶǳԣΪʼѧԺĵһš
ЩʼѧԺĸ߲㣬Ҳвڳ̨ϵҶǳѾֻʣ¾̾ﻹеĳ
ս½ʵԶҪġ
뵱ҶǳսʼѧԺʱܵ˵ĳЦͼ
ڣ˭ҳЦ
ڳˣЩʹǣ˿϶ֻʣ¾̾͡
ѾһսˣӾȻɾͻ֣츳ԽѧԺԺˡ
ȥ磬һ콾磬ֳһҶǳôôã
꣬ϧģ

Щʹ̾Ϣ
һĽͼʡ
̨£ؿվڵ۾ҶǳҶǳһսˣⲻһԶ㡣֪ѧԺѧԺ㣬һΣһġ
һսܣûл֡
Ȼš
ң֮ǰʱ֣ԵøӳˣѾǰĽͿ
ڵֻ֣һɾս⣬޵еš
·ϴǦ
СҲЦ˵
ţܹʧԵõɳлΪսһԵҲ˵ͷ
νվԽߣˤԽݡ
ÿˣܴӵºȻ
ʣǰֵ꣬ˡ
ҶǳҲɵؿ֣˵ͷ˵һֵ𾴵Ķ֣ҽսȽѧԺٻᡣ
ã
ֹһЦ漴ӣ߽Ⱥ֮С
û˶¶ЦͼˣҲû
ΪսܣǿΪҶǳ̫ǿˡ
֣Ȼսʿ֮еĶǿߣֻã˱Ҷǳˡ
̨ϣҶǳɨȺʹǣ˵˭
˭
һ£û˻ػ
ֶˣ˭ȥ
ΪԼֲְ̫ܵˣҶǳûгȫ
ԣû˾ԼܹҶǳȥˣҲֻȡˡ
ЩʹǣĬˡ
ֱˡ
Ҷǳڳսʿ֮УѾûĶ֣ɡЦ˵
ĺܿģΪҶǳϣ档
ʱҶǳĿУ͡
עҪΪսľţȻҪá
ԣҶǳ̨󣬹ֱҶǳԱߡ
Ǻεȵҫ
Ҫ֪Ǹλӣ֮⣬ֻˡ
ȴһҶǳ
ڳû˷ԣΪҶǳĵһţղŸΪˣʸڵĴ
Ҷǳαֵĺܺã˵ɣʲôҪֻҪõ㡣Ҷǳ֮󣬹ЦǺ˵
ΪӦõģҪʲôҶǳǫɵҲֱʹҪ
ЦСӵǫĺܣдͣͣĻ˻ΪСء
⡭Ҷǳ֪˵ʲôˣҲ֪ԼҪʲôϾѾﵽʮսʿ磬ҪͻսΣɲǿͿԵġ
һ˵ë֪
һУֻܿԼ
ҶǳѾ˺ڽҲҪˡ
ҶǳµӣһԵӺȻ˵ѣһ𣿾СӴһʱΣ
أҶǳԣ¶ɻ֮ɫ
һԵĹȴɫһ䣬漴ݺݵһۣһȻҴصע⣬ǿѼ౦ɵҺҵЩﵱУҲֻ츳֮ܳˣܵĵ
ǺǣղСӿ˺ڣôһ֮Ҫ𣿡˵գһԵҶǳ˵СӣҺǳҪһʱԻΪңⶫиõġ
Ҷǳԣʱڴؿɵӣϧؿ϶
ˣҾΪСһΰɡҶǳĿ⣬ʱЦ
лҶǳæл
˰֣Ҷǳ˵СӣֻιĽĴԵһϡ
˵գָԱߵӡ
Ҷǳʱɻؿ˹ȥжӵݺܺ棬Էܹ͹һ𣬿Ҳһλս
Ҷǳҽһ£ҽ֣۹ѧԺԺһʦӾȻ
Ҷǳԣȴ֮ɫ
ս½۹ֱ۹µ۹о۹ˡ
ѧԺս½ѧԺ֮һһҲѧԺս½ߵȵѧ
Ҷǳȵǣµ۹Ȼʶһ۹սǿߡ
ƺҶǳɻ󣬷Ц˵ǰµ۹ʱǹʶȻûϵֻһ仰벻ѧԺ
Ҷǳԣʱһ㶡


75 
벻ѧԺ
⣬Ҫǻɱˣ϶һʱͬ⡣
⻹
ѧԺѧԺһս½ߵȵѧܹΰѧԺ˵ҡ
ǣҶǳȴˣŶķ֣Щ⣬û뵽ԼӵѧԺ롣
ҶǳҪѧԺΪ콾ѧԺҪѧԺ콾
գҶǳǸȻ˵лǰ񰮣ѧԺ̫Զһ뿪̫Զ
ǺǣСעҪΪսģֻҪΪս̤շУ룬ò˶೤ʱġ
ЦЦ˵ңڼͨѧԺĿˣҲֻܽԺңȴֱӽѧԺԺõص
ҶǳԣɵЩĶ
ѧԺԺǿֻŲܽȥĵطʥء
콾Ҳǻ˴ʱ䣬ŽѧԺԺ
ڣȴֱܹӽѧԺԺǺεȵĻԵ
ѹֹ˵һԵڵ
ԭָ
Ҷǳ츳϶ܹѧԺģǽԺҲкܴļʡǣǹҪ̵ʱ䣬ڣֻҪӦ֣ϽѧԺԺˡҲȰ˵
Ҷǳ˼һ漴Ǹؿ֣˵һǲ뿪µ۹۹̫ԶˣҳΪս֮ȥɡ
СӣĿ𣿲Ҵ꣬ҵݿɲѧԺԺʦô򵥣ҵĸѧԺĸԺֻҪҽѧԺұ֤õõԣ̲ס˵
ǵһΰԼĸҲΪҶǳ츳̫ˣõѧԺԺҲ
лǰ񰮣ʱ뿪µ۹Ҷǳҡҡͷ
һ̾漴˵ɣҸдƼţʲôʱı⣬ʱѧԺҡ
лǰҶǳæл
ô˵˼ҶǺġ
һλǿսܹҶǳǳжġ
ҪѧԺ콾ĻҶǳ϶ӦǰѧԺϾһԽߣּңʵûж
Сӡ̾ϢһûٴȰ˵
ν˸־ǿ
ǼۿŹԡ
Ҷǳ̨֮һһսȥսЩʹǡ
սʿҶǳѾѹˣԽֻܿʼһսıˡ
ܶһսǣĦȭƣ׼һ֡
ҶǳǰҲҪչһѣ˵ܹһˣ¡
һսˣӮ˷ǳ١
ϾȺʹߣμӹģɳһսеǿߣЩͨһսǸмڴ
գһӵվ˳ǿƻܶʹߣһʱ侹ȻĶ֡
֣ôӻɣʤüʱؿһԵķ֡
ţкܴʽѧԺԺлΪսֵ˵ͷ
ٺ٣Сӿ޼Ŀǰõˣټҵصĳɾֻ͡ҪܹΪսֻһսܹ̳ҵλˣҲͿԼȥˡ
Ȼ
ҶǳҲڹۿűԣȷһһս۷ǿ߶Ҫǿˣսˡ
ǹصš
ɣ̫ˣֻܿˡһʹ߶Աһ˵
ʮֻһ˫üĿǳӢƴˮī߳˶¶һɲʡ
ԱߵһЩʹǣڿĿУĽ;η
ҳ֣ԣưĿɨһվ̨ϵ漴м˵˵ˣֻǹ֣ҳ֣ⲻ۸𣿱ˣ콾ѧԺԺǴǸ콾Ҫ鷳
ɣѧԺҲҪѧԺԺѵ㻹콾𣿡һʹ˵
üͷһֱվߵһ콾ֻǲһ鷳ˣˣȻˣҾȥСӣҲǻ֮顣
˵գ㳯̨ȥ
Щʹǿɳ̨ȥʱ¶֮ɫһ۷׷
쿴ɣ˵ѾѧԺˣֱӽѧԺҪμӿˡ
ѧԺÿҲʮȫǸţעҪѧԺԺġ
ȻǺƻԶ

Щʹǵ̸ۣҲǱߡ
ʱһĹ嶼𾪵ؿɣû뵽ȻѧԺ
ȥڹ֮һ˵콾ҲѧԺ
ɴ˿ɼƷɵ츳жô
СӾȻѧԺԶҲ¶˾֮ɫ
ѧԺÿҲֻʮСܹУ²һԵķ֣Ҳ¶Ȥ֮ɫ̨
Ҷǳ֪ʲôɵЩɻ󣬵ѯʹ
Щ츳ţǲҪͨˣֱӽѧԺġСӣղǴӦ֣ǾѧԺӦñΪֱӽѧԺԺ
ôСĲһ𣿿ɵСӣֻһͨѣѾôˡֿҶǳЦ
ҶǳЦҡҡͷ
ּ״΢΢һ̾漴ٶԣ̨
̨ϣҲΧ֪ѧԺʱɫĿصض̨ɡ
ʵӦÿͨ˽ѧԺ㻹ǲԶ
һ̨һмؿȻ˵ֻ۸㡣ɣҾվﲻƾ㹥ֻҪܹƵ˺һⳡԱӮ
˻һΧʱһƬȻ

̫ˡ

һ˶ʱŭȵ
ɼֱ֮ǰֻҪš
ɫ࣬˵е츳ѣȻôⱲӾΪսҲжĳɾ͡
ǺǣЩ˱ϾͻСֻҪе츳˭ܲûϵϾᣬȽѧԺĥһȻĨȥЩȴЦ˵
Ҳһ㣬ֻӣſЩˬ
ҶǳСӣôС츳ôߣҾȻûп㽾ѵðֿһԵҶǳɵ̾
ǰˣҶǳ΢΢һЦ

Ϊսʲôֵýģ
ҶǳҰĺܴأ


76 
̨ϣɫصĵŶɣԷĻ̫ˣȻҲ֪ԼܿܲɵĶ֣ǶԷôţֱҲ̫˰ɡ
뵽ȵãҵҪʲô£Ȼô
ɣҪ˷ҵʱ䣬ֵֻģûȤȥ̧еĳָ˵
һֻųһֱֻưһĲһ
ߣ
һȴѾŭɫսӸ߸Ծһݺݵɡ
һǳĺݣǳ׼ҲǳĿ졣
ͬһ绮գĵֱ͸նɡ
ΧʱһƬ
սսʿĲ֮ͬսʿֻսǿսȴѾԴ߶ս˵С
ĵǳϬ˻ûнӽɣĵѾɡ
ҲһλһսеĳӶһ£Ҳһɵ
һ̣ɫսݺݵɵͷ˼״ʱѡ
ߣ
û˿⣬ǳһĨмļеĳɵصסɫս
䣡
ɫսƥսȻ١
һӳԼȫս
ȻڴɵĳʱȴͻȻʧˣ·һӱжˣʮ־
Ҳ㵣ŵؿɡ
̫ˣ
̧ƣһ˹ȥ˶̨
ս̫ˣ㳡һƬ
Щǰ˵ǣ˿һͨͲţû뵽Ȼܵô죬ɼֱһϡ
ղǡ
Ҷǳһֱڹսﱻܣͫײɵһһ˿ʡ
ë漴Сӣ㿴𣿸ղǸɵСӣʹõǾᣬ۵˵ж˲жߣͽоᡣ
ҶǳȻ
أǽһ㣬Ӷٷ֮ٵ
ᣬǽ˵ɢӶ˵Ĺ
رһƬҶ£ȴһʯһء
ᣬһʯ£ȴͬһƬҶһᡣ
Ȼ෴ȴһЩϵֻͬʱ򣬲ܴơľ硣
ҶǳѾ˾أҲԶˣȴһֱز޷ͻơ
ԣʩչᣬҶǳʱе˺棬ͬʱҲӿһս⡣
ܹһսһľᣬҲҾͻˡҶǳȻ뵽
ҲҪʵսģʵս֮Ҳһַʽ
ᣡ
һԵķ۾һУ̶̾û뵽ɾȻһս˾ᣬȻȲҶǳҲǳˣһӣѹֻΪѧԺ
ߣ
һɫѿ
Ͼӱɻܣֱǳ裬ֱڴ
Щ󳼺͹ǣֻҪĸСܹɣұһʱйһʼ
ǰôأȴԸ⸶˴ۣɼķŭˡ
ʼϢȥ֮Щ󳼺͹ȫˣǵȻ֪ص֮ʵ̫ˣʵۺ졣
ǿŴͷɥЩ󳼺͹Ƕһҡͷ̾ϢﶼˣǼ廹˭ܹɣ
ң̫ܵˣɼɸûȫ֡
£һս磬ѾûɵĶˡ
Щһþ˳սʱɫһƬŭ
һԵķ̾Ҳǿˣ۹⣬ѵᣬ޵ˣ˭Ķ֣
ͺ֮ǰҶǳˡ
ԣɵÿҶǳЦϧҶǳûнս磬ĻһԻŵСӡ
Ȼṳ̂ս磬ҲԸȥһԡҶǳ˵
ţһԵķüͷһЩ˼ؿҶǳ
Ҳɴ۾ŵ˵ʲô
ȥһԡҶǳٴظһ顣
СӣЦˣȻ츳ɲ٣Ѿ̤ս磬㻹ֻһսʿ֮Ĳ츳ֲ˵ġҡҡͷ
ҲҡͷҶǳ˵Ĳĺˣȥսɣ̫ǿˡ
ô֪أ
Ҷǳվ¶ŵЦݡ
漴ڷֺ͹㶵ĿУҶǳ̨ȥ
㳡ϣҶţҶǳһվʱ˵Ĺע
Ҷǳ֮ǰһս˭ʶȺʹǣʱشҶǳԿվ̨ȫһ㶡
ҶǳҪʲô
̨ѵҪսɣ
ɣҶǳ츳ȻϾһսʿѾ̤ս磬˸һϵġ
찡Ȼ̨ˡ

㳡ϣ˶ѣ۷׷ס
ˣȺʹǣȫ𾪵ؿ̨Ҷǳ
̨ϵɣüͷһ壬̨Ҷǳߵҳ츳̤ս磬ȷʸҵĶ֡ڣ㻹Զ
Ҷǳ츳֮ǰҲʶˣȻԸҲòϣͬھսʿ磬ҲδܹǿҶǳ
ˣѵûнһΡ
䣡
ɵĻո£Ҷǳ㽫ڽ̨ϣһǿ͸ڽϯȥ̨һ
һ̣˶̨ϵҶǳˡ
·һ̫һ㣬ҫޱȣɢųҵĹâ
ɣƵҺһӮҶǳ˵һ˫Ŀ⣬ͬһ㣬գֱɡ
ͫһ¶𾪣漴ŭ
㳡Ҷǳ仰ȥ֮󣬶˼ž
һľѻȸš
˶˼ؿ̨ϵҶǳ
˵ʲôˣ
ղŵǾ仰ɶ˵ģȴҶǳ˵ˡ
ǣҶǳžսʿѣѾһսˡ
仰ӦɶҶǳ˵ŶԣҶǳô˵仰
ж˲˼顣
Сֱ֣ӢЦҶǳҪˣʱһֻ
ۡ޸աְ죬϶𾪡
СӡڷӦЦôоɻҪ֮ǰȻûп
ڹ̼ɣֳһ˫ڵӣ̨ϵҶǳиĪɣҶǳȻͲ󣬵ǿǳأô϶һʱĳ嶯е
ѲΪܹɣ𾪵
˵СӣҲǻĿԴɣֳ˼ţ漴ҡͷЦ


77 
Ĺ㳡ϣһƬž
˶̨
Ҷǳźڽ俴ŶɣղŵĻڶ߻صš
ɵɫǳѿҧгݵ˵
ǵһҪˡ

֣һǱģǵһݱˡ
ʱ˿̣ɵһᵽʱ顣
Ϊŭңܻʤ𣿡
ųֶڷ⣬ǻսڴ߶һǿϢ𽥴ϯ
ضҶǳ˵ȡ裡
˷ҵʱ䣡ҶǳػӦú߸ӷŭˡ
ܺãҵҪʲô£гɱ⣬һ̤Ѿͬһ㱬
ٶȿˣͬһ㡣
ɭĽգЯһɾâҶǳ
ȻɷǳŭҪһҶǳӶҶǳһʹĽѵҶǳ֮Ĳжô޴
䣡
Ҷǳڽ˿壬һ˹ȥ
ɲͬҶǳߵؽһƴ󿪴ϣ޵е
Ȼߵһսֻսʿѵҵ𣿡ɼ״ɵһЦ
ҶǳҲһսôҶǳһ϶þһ
Ҷǳֻһսʿѣֵþᡣ
£ɲ㲻ֱһӭȥ
䣡
Ҷǳĺڽݺݵɵĳ棬ɲǼ䣬һɾ޴͵رƻɽ緢һȥ
ɵĳ˲ͱˡ
ʲôͫϵЦݣʱסˡ
Ҷǳǿ֮£ĳ޷ٽһң˶ʮ
ɶʱЩǱ
ҶǳȻֳźڽվԭضһûкˡ
ɶʱ֮ǰҶǳ˵ĻٿڵʱɫͨһƬŭ
ΧսˣһƬȻֱš
찡ҿɾȻҶǳƵĺˡ
ǿҶǳûһ
ԭʵǿһֻǾսʿ𣿡

ˣȺʹǣȫ֮С
ͷҲ𾪡
Ȼ˵ɸղеˣҶǳһȴѾôһսʿܹӳг˾̾
ٿɣڶҶǳԽԽˣû뵽ʵսȻǿ󣬿ǻС־ϲ漴˷
ԶӢԾͲţСôôǿ
жʱ˷ڵɱ⡣
ԲɳȥˣҪǼ콾вˡӢ񶾵Ҷǳɱڡ
ۺ޸־ϲ
ְɫӸˣżһ˿ں֮ɫ
̨ϣҶǳɫ˵е˼ҾȻˣȸղǸǿˡ
Ϊܻ𣿡
ĹâһΣҲٴˡ
δ䣬ٴαеĳգһµĽɱâ¶
սȫ֣Ҳûбˡ
ȻղҶǳѾ׼ŭѧԺŭˡ
ն
ҶǳȻûкˣҲûнֻʩչԲĿնźڽγһܲ͸ĽɵĹȫסˡ
ǰѺڽһɽ޵е
ÿһһŭΧĿڲƺ֧Ųסǿ
ǿ
ɫԽԽѿط֣ԼȻĲҶǳ
Ҫ֪һսҶǳֻһսʿѣôܣ
ʵϣ֪Ҷǳ˿Ѿʮսʿȫսˡ
ʮսʿ̫ˣսʿ֮еļҶǳһ߻źڽһ߸Ŵʱ˿ӵег˾ϲ
ʮսʿ磬ܹӵеһսҪǿ
ͷ·һ޵׶ӵֹ
ֻҪܹھܹӵֻҪܹԦ㡣
Ҷǳ˿̱ͬһ̫Ҷҫۣԡ
ǰɣȻҲܲҶǳһȣԵȻʧɫˡ
ڳ˲ɵӣҶܹóҶǳϷ硣
һսʿȻѹסһսֱһ漣
ɣóľɣҵĶ֡Ҷǳ˵֮ҪսɣΪ˳ԸɵľᣬӶ̼Լᡣ
û뵽㻹еʶԣüͷһƺû뵽ҶǳȻóѾ˾ᡣ
Ȼƺ뵽ʲôɫʱһ䣬ҶǳϸһĨ𾪣ôǿĪ˾أ
Կ֪𣿡ҶǳЦ
ߣһһҶǳ˶ƺͽΪһ塣
һܿ죬ᣬ·һëƯգ˴á
ҶǳɫʱǾźڽӭȥͬʱɵľᣬѰš
䣡
Ҷǳĺڽһλɵĳʱȴ·ײһɿǿûеüӳ㱻һжȥ˴롣
ʣµɾ͵סˡ
һ֣ɵ¶֮ɫеĳһϵɱҶǳ
ᱻõޱȣÿһƮƮģ޷׽֪һ̺ǿ
Ҷǳʼնû˺벽ʮսʿǿϵش緢ΧγһƬεĳ
֮УɵĹʲôᱻҶǳ˲䷢֣Ȼźڽӭȥ
һʱ䣬˽סˣ˭Ҳκβ˭
˶֪ҶǳȻռϷ硣
ϾҶǳһûкˣȻվԭأȴǲϵΧҶǳ
ǿѾһĿȻˡ
СӡԽԽǰ׳գҲóԼ·磬޷ܡ
Ҫ֪Եֻһսʿѣʵ̫ˡ
෴ҶǳԵúƽһսһ߸ɵľᣬоԼһѾܽˣֻһѡ
ȥ޷ˣһһʮ˸γܲ͸Ľֶ
һ̫ˣɽɱڽ֮У˭Ҳ޷
ÿһ⣬ģȴֳɱ
ҶǳӦͻȻԺһ⣬˵һתˡ
еĺڽлţȴû˿Ϣ¶·ûƮƮģ˾졣
˺
ҶǳĺڽֱӴɵĽһؿڣǰֻа롣
ɭĺâͷƤ飬˶סˡ
ˣҶǳ˵
㡭˾᣿Ҷǳг˲źͲ˼顣
һֻ֪Ҷǳᣬƽ⣬ҽܡ
ֻǣ޷Ҷǳս֮ᡣ


78 ҫ
⻹Ҫл㣡
Ҷǳǰ𾪺Ͳŵɣ΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
ĺܿģסôľᣬڱˡ
ơҲԶˡ
Ҫ֪Ҷǳûнս磬ҪˡơǾԻ𺳵ġ
ȻڵҶǳѾڳˡ
ЩʹǣĹǣҶǳ֮󣬲ɵöɴ۾𺳡
㳡˲š
ţһɷڵ㳡
ɾȻˣ
찡ҿʲô漣𣿡
һսʿһһսһսѧԺôܣ
ѧԺʮȻ㲻ϵһԿŽǰ壬ȻһսʿˣҪǴ˳ȥµ۹Ҫ䶯
޷һսʿһһսһսһǿţڿЦ𣿡

ˣ
㳡ϣһƬ۷׷ס
ЩʹǣĹǣȫ֮С
ǰҶǳѾ˸е𺳣ڣǾ͸ˡ
ҶǳӮһʤսһ漣
㡭ֻǾսʿȭͷҶǳĿУ˲ʺ𺳡
أҶǳ˵ϣܹסѵʲôʱ򣬶Ҫ죬ˣһΪս񣬷ƾʲôԽ
˵գҶǳڽת̨
㶵ؿҶǳıӰһʱסˣԺֻǻҶǳĻ
ûΪսƾʲô
ãɻعһҶǳҲ̨
Զͷһ̾ؿҶǳ
ҶǳֻǾսʿҿսĶˡȻ֮ɫ
һԵķ֣гȣҶǳ˵ҶСӣĲһֻҪԸȥѧԺ츳˵԰ԺΪʦ
̫ˣأѾ漣ˡ
ڣҶǳ˾ᣬҪơľˣֱ츳˫
ҶǳѧԺԺһλսʰһԵĹֵĻɵ𾪵˵
ҶǳҲЩˣһλսͽջ̫ˡ
̲סҪӦˡ
Сӣһսʶѣʲô˲ģܱȵϱүս𣿡ڴʱëˡ
Ҷǳʱ
Ҳԣ߻ëбҪȥսΪʦ
ëȻʧȥһΪǼ仹ڣ飬ǸսһЩϵĵӵС
һ㣬սҲȲϡ
ëڣҶǳҪ˭ΪʦǶԷս
뵽Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵лǰĺ񰮣뿪µ۹
СӣǱˡ츳ټҵƼаٷ֮ʮİԺΪͽԣɵһ̾Щɸֵ˵
һԵĹҲǻҶǳǿսʰҪˡᣬԺҪ
Уһսʶѣʲô˲ġүȫʢʱڣҪͽĻһȺսʶݱүΪʦëм֮ɫ
ҶǳЦһ£˵ǰѾˡ
ͷԣʱһΡ
漴ӻȡһţݸҶǳ֣ص˵ҸղдõƼţʲôʱֻҪԸ⣬ѧԺĴŶΪ㳨
лǰҶǳĸжˣ˾ܾˣԷôԴֳܸж
Ҫ֪ԷһλսǿߣҪǻ˱ˣ˭Ҿܾһս
Ҷǳһսܶ࣬ȻȥɡҵƣʱԽʱʲôʱأʲôʱ򡣡漴һɫƵݸҶǳ
Ҷǳɨһۣдһ֡
ս½ֻ˻ʲʹýɫƣĹһֻʹɫơ
ȷܶ࣬ȸˡҶǳպƺƼţ漴Źͷֹ˹Ȼת߳
ҶǳıӰ̾ϧôһӣҪѧԺˡ
û취Ǳƣ˻ġЦ˵ûжź
෴Ҷǳµ۹ֻкô
ΪһҶǳԺѧԺɳˣôҲйͣܵ˻ʵĽ͡
ڣһ콾ܵ˲˵ĹעĻ˭ǵһСط

үүȻȥˡ
Ҷǳ·޸ԣк
СӣοүүˣȻȥɣҪȼףһ¡޸ռͨ죬˷ܵ˵
Ҳû뵽̶һ겻ʱ䣬ҶǳȻԳɳֵز
콾ûڵҶǳҫۡ

޸֮ҶǳֶԲԶ۵˵ͷ
ΪԱ߻ְӢûȥˡ
ۿҶǳɵ¶οЦݣҲ˵ͷ
ҶǳɨһԵְӢһۣǸһ˿ЦݣΪְؿһ˿ںޡ
ӢȻһĶ񶾣ӵɱ⣬ҶǳϤˡ
ڵңɲˡҶǳؿһӢ漴źڽ뿪㳡
˶ĿҶǳԶȥ·ڸһλС
˿ҶǳıӰ̾û˿ʡ
ڱԼ츳ǿһˣҲἵʣǶڱԼ츳ǿһصˣֻ̾ˡ
С֣
Զһ˫Ŀ⣬ҶǳȥıӰ
Ӣ
ҶǳɻܣȻЦ
Ҷǳٴδһ漣־ŭ
ڣҶǳȥ콾ڹϻҪҫ۶Ŀоͳ˼ʺͷŭ
ԲˣӢгɱ⡣
뿪㳡ҶǳֱʼѧԺȥһ·еǳ泩
ѾΪҫ۵ˣ콾й֮޲
ԣѾûжˡ
Сӣ뿪ʱˡëһվҶǳļϣԼͺͺԴ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ٹ£Ǿ뿪
Сӣû뵽ô˾ᣬơΪëҶǳĿеһγ͡
һ֪βܽһսأҶǳԣɵһЦ
Ȼʮսʿ磬ӵſµһսǶսҪǿ
ҶǳԼܲһֱɣϾҪΪսҪΪս
Сӣ㵣ʲôٶȿδǺáѵﵽǰδеʮսʿӦöһ£Ҫͻơë˵
ðɣҶǳ˵ͷô˵ëļʶǿö࣬ǰë˵
ʵϣܹô˾;أëĹ͡
ԣҶǳëǷǳεġ


79 
֮ҶǳնҲԲ硣
ȻⶼǴҪġ
ڣҶǳͬʱˡᡯ͡ءԳصġơˡ
ƣҶǳڻһͷˮһҲ
ëڡ
ëѵ˵սֻ֮ơ㿪ʼصıԴˡ
֮䣬һƣֱǣ֮ƣ֮ơ֮ơˮ֮ơ֮ơ
ƣ仯ˣɱԴܹݻǧҪԼıȥ׷ѰԼơ

ë潲ţûǰһλǿս𣬶ܳս񾳽ˣԶƷǳ
Ҷǳ֮󣬲ŶһЩ⡣
ˣǰʲôƣҶǳɵ֮ɫ
Ȼǻ֮ˣ޷˱ڻ汾Դ֮еޣշ˲𣬵Ȼǲ֮Ƹӵˡë˵
Ҷǳһ˵Ҳӵ̫ǲǲ֮Ƹףңڻ֮Ҳָҡ
ˣⶫҪվյģʱƣ벻ġ뵱޷һ壬һˮ֮ƣֱǲе漣ë˵
Ҫһͷûаѵôȴ𣿡ҶǳЦ
ǺǣΪƾôҪ֪սǿ߲ġȻ˾;أǺǿ
ëЦȻƾ֮УߣֻҪȥǾһԳɹ
أÿ춼ڵߣֻܸܲǰûעˡ
гӣһ磬Լĵ
طˮףƣߣʱԼֻҪ㳢ȥܣȥǣȥӭǣһԸܵĵǵ

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ԭˡҶǳԣ漴ſڵϣŴء
ë״˷ۣЦ׳հȥܣûˣⶫԼܰɣҲ޷ָ㡣
ҶǳٺһЦ漴վĴһϵĻҳ˵ⶫһģ죬ЩʹӦöˣھȥصʲô
ʲôνأ϶úܶĵرҺֻҪһսֱ¡Сӣүһȥү̤սˡëʱ˷ܵ˵
¹ֻȥȾأҶǳЦ
ȥүģȫҶǼëʱŭ׷Ҷǳץȥͷ


֮Ѿָƽټ㳡ϣһЩѲߵĻʼ֮⣬ҲûӰ
Ҷǳʾ˹ɫƣһڻʼĿУ
һ̫Ĵ£Ҷǳܿͼ˹
ҶǳʱЦݣҶСӣչ죬ʲôջ񣿡
ջģ뿴ܲܽأһ̤һս硣ҶǳЦ˵
츳һԳɹģ߰ɣҴȥء˵գǰ档
Ҷǳ棬һʵǰѾ뿪𣿡
ţˣСֲȥѧԺֻ뿪ˡ˵СҲǵģôõĻ㶼úðաҡҡͷ
һԽѧԺģһԺҶǳŵ˵
츳ȻõֻҪһЩʱ䡭ˣⶼԼ·ԼѡɣϣԺҪڡ̾˿
ú󣬹Ҷǳһǰ
Ҷǳֵǣû֣ǳɭϣѲߵĻʼлкܶǿ
ָŴ˵ر棬ȥɡ
˵գ
һڻʼȻæȻ򿪵š
Ź߽ҶǳȻһ޴ĳӣװ˰ɫҺ壬ɢŨζ
ͬʱһ󷨣ӡ
ʣء
ҶСӣ游ģһֱֻӵл㻹ǵһˡ
˵еİɫҺҺ̺ŻһʱǼ൱һʱˡ
Ҷǳԣ۾ˣȻѹֹôۡ
ˣȥɣڹʱֻ֣ɣΪ⣬ڴʱ漴˵
ҶǳżϵëһۣԹ˵ҿԴȥ𣿡
˵Ҫֵֻļȥԣʱȡ
ȫҶǼëаҲ֪ܷأͿ˼ˣԲҷ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵
ǿԣһֻдһʱȷ𣿡񿴰׳һҶǳôĶȻҪ˷һֻϡ
һʱһʱɣҶǳ˵ͷϾѾӦëëҲдҵ֮ò
СӲҲ׷ѱүһ̵ëʱ
ðɣԼģڣ״ֻõ˵ͷ漴򿪷󷨣ҶǳëС
סˣֻһʱһʱ֮ǻᱻֱųԲҪ˷ʱˣϽѵ
ҶǳëȻɵһأϿʼ
ë¹ʲô棬ʼȡеҺΪ
Ҷǳһսһ壬Һٶͬܿ졣
ëȴܹҶǳҶǳҺٶȣʱ۾ֱˣСҺٶôô죿
ҺٶȣҶǳڵ֮һֱҲ̫Զˡ
οˣСһʱܱȵϱʱˡʱһ۵ı顣
վһ֮ܲھͰҶǳϳɣ
£ת뿪˴ټԼ̲סҶǳ
ڵҶǳʱг˼
ŨЩӦ̤һս˰ɣҶǳһ˷ܵ뵽
ϵսڵսԽԽ࣬ͬʱ壬ʹϵǿš
ȳѪҪˬ
ֱʱȥˣҶǳԼڵսȻûҪᵤ󣬲ɵüͷгɻ
ô£оѾǳǿˣô޷ᵤ
ҶǳЩżˡ
ܽᵤ޷̤ս磬ѵҪһӱʮսʿ
ʱëҲѯʡ
ҶǳֻüҺս
Ƭ̺ҶǳоԼڵսѾ뱥ˣҲ޷ˡ


80 ƽ֮
Ӧʮսʿ۷˰ɣ
Ҷǳ۾Щε뵽
Ѿ޷ټҺˣڵսѾˣﵽһޣѾ޷ټˡ
Ȼڸܵ˷ǳǿȻûսṳ̂һս硣
ҶǳЩй
ѯëҶǳ漴뵽
޷սֻܰҺע壬øǿ
ʱҶǳоԼ¶ɣôɾܻܶԷ
ҶǳоԼڶܺսһսˣӮܴ
һʱʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˣҶǳëʱܵһųһء
£үҪ̤սˣͲñүһ𣿡ëڰдеһź
ҶǳûжźϾ޷սһЩʱ䣬Ҳֻǿѡ
ңڵƺҲﵽһּˡ
ëҪ̤սʱĽ֮ɫ
ι磬ˡڻʼ԰ֵһ㣬㲻սʿ𣬻ңڶѾս۷ˡңʮսʿ磬㿪۰ҿβͻƵս磿
ҶǳЦ
ôҺȻ޷սëԣɵõɴ۾һ֮ɫ
漴ۣ˵ãҿСӵ嵽ô£
˵գë˫ʱӲӵĹâҶǳɨӶȥ
СӣսҲ̫ˣȱүս۷սҪ񣬶Ѿսս̶ˡ
ۣͨëͿҶǳڵŨսʱһš
ҶǳûгΪս֪սսжôǿ󣬴˿ëԣʱЩ𾪣û뵽ԼսȻôǿ
ףʲô
ͻȻëһ
ҶǳڿһɫĹţСΣͨ۹ۿ޷
ѵСһսǣ
ԣⲻսǵϢе⣬үȻûм
Сƺһǿñүе

ëš
Ҷǳʱüͷɻ֮ɫô
ëۣɫؿҶǳ˵үҲ֪СΪ޷ս磬ͨ۹۲죬үڿһСĽɫţ֪ʲôƺ̺һǿСԼӿ
ɫţ
Ҷǳһ죺ɣ˺ܶΣҲûзʲô
طСģϸһ¡ȩ̈צӣָҶǳصһط˵
Ҷǳë֪࣬ǿЦ۾ڡ
ëָĵطȥ
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ҶǳͻȻ
طȻһɫĹţǳСһôѪϸ۲죬ȷѷ֡
ʲô
Ҷǳɵϸ۲졣
֮ɫĹҲ𽥱ķͬһɫŻܱӳһ룬ΧѪ͹ͷ֮С
ɫŻ棬Ҷǳܵһ궼ǽɫź棬һʷǰƵģɢӴϢ
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ʲôҶǳѯʣЩǣΪǽɫź棬һǿ֪Ǹǻ
Թ̤뼫˾ͺ٣үֻڹϵĵ伮ϿأûйɫŻëҡҡͷ
ܹ̤뼫ţǧҲѵһͷǳϡ٣µļҲ͸ˡ
Ҳ֪ҶǳʱЩʧëǰһλս𣬶һս۷壬֪˭֪ս
СӣҲҪģ̤뼫лⶫ϶кôүãӦ취ɫŻҲܳɹ̤ս硣ë˵
ԿҶǳԣ˼Ƭ̣ë˵е
һǿ츳һߵľ磬ôлأ
գҶǳϥʼȫս۳һǵɫŻȥ
ڴڼ䣬ҶǳԵúСģΪĻƻڵľ
ϾڣȻܲ㡣
䣡
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ҶǳɫŻȻСȴǳӲ޷򿪣ˡ
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Ҷǳ˼
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ҪС
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ҶǳʱɫŻҲ֮رգղǹǿҲ˻ص˽ɫŻ档
ƽ֮ţʲôҶǳ۾ؿë
Сӣүһϵĵ伮мأǹġƽ֮ţһҪϢë֮ɫ
ʲôǻƽ֮ţҶǳѯʵ
Сӣżү˵ëһ£˵ͺС޸֮ȴͨӶӵлص֤Ǳܴ󣬴ĳ󡣡
ǣôСôӵô޴Ǳأ
ڣµо֮Уһλڷ֣ڣžƽ֮ţ̺ž޴ĸ
ܹȫƽ֮š
ǿ߲²⣬һƽ֮ţôﵽһ˼ľ磬ӵлغʹص

ëһ˵


81 
˵ô𣿡
ëĽҶǳЩϲҲЩɡ
֮УȻ˾ƽ֮ţҲ̫ˡ
ģëҶǳ˵˵м٣Ϊһλǰҵģ˵ǹƽģǿ츳ҲС޾ǱزŻƽ⡣
˵ĵҲЩҶǳ˵ͷүǾԹƽģرһţ϶һȴ
ղҲܵˣֻҪ򿪻ƽ֮ţӵֿµֻǵһƽ֮ţƽ֮ȫ֮㽫ӵвëĽ֮ɫ
ǰղǹʵ̫ǿˣֻɢһ㣬û취ƿء˵ȵƽ֮űҳ״򿪣ôӵеֲ̫ˡҶǳ˵ͷг֮ɫ
ղǹǿ̫ˡ
ˣȻȥɣǸˡëͻȻ˵漴ҶǳļϣԼϢ
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥȻ˽
ҶСӣôͻƵһս𣿡Ц˵
ҶǳԿЦûУǾսʿ磬ֻﵽ˾սʿ۷壬һսһ㡣
ôԴһۿҶǳҺٶȣ㹻Ҷǳ̤һսˣôỹھսʿ
ҲҶǳҡҡͷ
ҲСӵ츳̫ǿɣ˵һЩ츳̫ǿˣͻƿʱҪսҲǿ󡣲ڴﵽսʿ۷壬һսҲԶˡ
̾
ҶǳȻʵ׼ʲôʱǰѧԺ
Ҷǳ˵
ţҲã³Ҳ·ɲ̫ߣԼСĵ㡣˵ͷ漴
Ҷǳлһ漴ȥ

صʼѧԺᣬҶǳСҡ
ǰЩ֮ɫСңҶǳĬƬ̣ſ˵Сң׼ȥ³ǣμѧԺĿˡ
үȥʰСæ˵
ҶǳҡҡͷСң³ǵ·;̫ңԶˣҲ̫ˣΣҲܴһߡ
ү㲻ҪС𣿡Сԣʱɫɷףˮдת
СңӦףΪǿߵĵ·֮󣬾עܴͬһطһΣҪȥ³ǣһΣҲҾҪȥԶĵطʼҪһ𡣡Ҷǳ˵
ǰŮǳмͬһ
ǣǿ֮·עǹ¶ġ
ԴСһ뿪ȴ޷СҵİΣϾڻûӵվ۷ʵ
١ү
Сҵţ漴̧ͷг˼ᶨ֮ɫүСҲģȥɡһǵ۵ȶ꣬Ҷȡ
Ҷǳжʱ˸жСҵ㷢˵һȥүүĸϣڣû˻۸ġУҸЩҪǵÿһ·һţҲлΪս
ţүģһչ˺ԼġСҵ˵ͷ˵
Ҷǳ֪СѾͷˮ̾ȥʰɡ
ţСӦ漴СܳȥһˮգҶǳϡ
һҶǳӣ㴫һ
Ҷǳ̾˿
ëѵóĬһ£漴˵Сӣǿߵĵ·עǹ¶ġҪ֪Ŀս񣬶սԻһǧϡСңүүⱲӶ޷Ϊսֻܻһʮꡣ
£ҴҶȵһվ۷ʱͻ֣ᷢ˺ѣѾûµĳ֮С
¶һ

ëĻҶǳЩꡣ
ãҶǳ̧ͷлָ˼ᶨ֮ɫ˵̫ԶҲǿˣҵΪӳԪı
СӣҪ淲ӳԪֻҩѪë˵
Ѫս֮Ѫ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ë˵ͷ˵Ѫָıս֮ѪսѪҺӵ֮Ч÷˻ڶǵԪ
ҩأҶǳ漴ʵ
Ӧ֪񣬾ǻ񣬶һЩҩҲֱҩҩͷѪһ÷˻ڶԪ
ë˵ѪҩһһֻʹһΡҲ˵õЩҲֻǼԪǧ֮ȻҪ
οҩ̫ϡˣսδܹҵõҪӵѪ̤ս񼶱УǵȲǸʱˡ
ë漴̾
ԣڵĿ꣬ǳΪս񡣡ҶǳĿᶨ˵һҪڰڳΪսСǲŻлҵѪ
ڳΪս񣿡
ë˷ۣҡͷСӻ룬ûڰڳΪսţʷ϶ûгֹ
֪Ϊսˣ˶೤ʱ䣿Ҷǳɵʵ
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ë˵£ҪΪս񣬼ǲܡҪΪս񣬲Ҫǿ츳Ҫ㹻ĵ̡
츳ӵˣ̣ȴҪʱȥѻǼġ
Ҷǳԣȴҡҡͷͬ˵
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СҵɫҲ˺ܶ࣬տʼôˡ
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ҶǳСȥ޸ոϣ˳޸ո
޸յ֪ҶǳҪȥ³ǣûжپȣ˿ԱߵСһۣͷ˵ҶСӣģڣû˸۸СҵģͰǰ³ǰɡ
ҵȻүү
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵үүЩӳչˣмౣأҳΪս֮󣬻ġ
СңҲչ˺Լҿɲϣ´λ󣬷ˡ
ҶǳСң
Сҵ˵ͷҶǳĿ⣬˲ᡣ
һԵ޸̾ҶСӣߵϢûүү𣿡
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ðɣ޸̾˿漴˵ͷ
Ҷǳһ漴СҵԴСҲĿУתȥ
үСһ·׷ȥҶǳıӰ󺰵г˲ᡣ
Ҷǳͣһ£ȴûлͷ
úҳΪս֮󣬻ġҶǳ˵գ漴ͷҲصˡ
ëվҶǳļϣתСһһļצӡ

Ϧ£Ľֵϣһ꣬źڽԶ
;ǲ֪֣ڲ֮󣬻ᴫս½
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82 ׷
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żܽӢӣսûüæ˵ˣҶǳС뿪ˣ׼ǰ³ˡ
ӢͷȻϢʱͷյ÷顣
ɭЦڵȵһˡ
ǰô죬ڵȵˡһΣһҪɱҶǳСӡһԵҲ˵
ô飬ѾСҶǳˣҲҶǳ콾ˡ
Ϊڹ죬Ҷǳֳ츳˶𾪡
һ콾ľš
ҶǳѧԺô콾δܹѹסϾȥĹϣ콾ҲûҶǳôҫۣôĿ
ھ͸ȥ֪ͨҵܵɽɱСӡӢ˵гɭȻɱ⡣
˵ͷ漴˵ˣҲȥС·
סһ㣬ͷ֮ޡӢ񶾵˵
ף˵ͷ漴ҴҸŸ֪ͨɽȥˡ

ǵĳŴһųĴȥ
꣬Ҷǳ
ʱҶǳһ߳ųȥһ߿еµ۹ͼ
Сӣ׼·ȥ³ǣëʵ
Ҳͼִǰ³ǵ·һֱӴԽɭ֣Х룬Ȼٺºӣִܹ³ǡ
·߼Ǳֱģ·̣ɭ֣Х룬ǳΣգһǲѡ·ߵġ
ˣѡƹɭ֣Ȼͷֶɣǰºӣٵִ³ǡ
·ķʱܳԼҪµʱ䡣
·ܰȫûʲôΣա
Ȼѡ̵·̣
Ҷǳ˵ͼ¶һĨţڵʵټ̽ӣֻҪСĵ㣬㹻Խɭˡ
ңɭ֮Уǻĥһ£ڵִ³ǰǻܹʵ
룬Ҫڴ֮ǰ̤һս𡣡

Ҷǳ˵
˵գԾ𣬽սе˫ţȻǰٱжȥ
һգ֮䣬Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ뿪֮ϤӰҲ׷˳ɽ
ĿǰĴûҶǳӰʱЦСܵĵǺܿ졣
׷
Сӻṳ̂ս磬Ȼʵǿ󣬵ٶȴ죬ܲ˶Զ
ɽһսǰԾȥ
档

ɭ֡
Ҷǳһ
صĴϣȫҶ޴Ĺïʢɭ֣һƬ
֪ԽƬɭ֣Ҫ죿Ҷǳȡڽһ˫ڵӣĹâǰɭ֡
̫̣
ë´ų򣬵ȳǰȥ
ޣоʺɭ
ƻص˼һڣ޾
Ҷǳźڽëĺ棬һ·СĽ
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ΪһΣգëһʱ䷢֣˫ۣԿ͸壬ͬҲܹúԶ
Сӣ˸Ǻ棬ٶȺܿ졣죬׷ˡͻȻëź󷽣˫ĿӲӵĹâ
Ҷǳüͷң
ȻҶǳ뵽Ӣиһ˿ɫ
֪ˣӦǸŮɱҵģܹóʲô𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵ
ǰ׳գո뿪ǣ׷
Ӣ˭
һսһսǸսֵһᣬү׶ԸǸսͲڿԶԸ˵ˡë˵
ۺԿúԶҴ͸壬ԷΪ͵ȼ
սҶǳԣͫ΢΢һϸһĨ֮ɫ
սѾмսˣӵеǿ
ҶǳҲֻаջսǿսһսҪԿսǻ̫ǿˡ
ڸսĶ֣ܹǵƽ֮ţ̤һս硣Ȼƾժ֣Ҳսһս
Ҷǳ˵
û뵽ӢȻɳһλսȼǿߣӢôɱ
ǻʲôϽܰɣ
ëʱӿٶȣǰȥ
ĳûëмֲ˶ãˡ
ҶǳҲ𣬼ӿٶȣɭжȥ
ʲôעȥǰ취ǵٶȲǣᱻǸ׷ϵġҶǳһܣһ߶ë˵
ȵɭֵܹʲôǿޣһ壬һһѡëЦ
Ҷǳ۾һ⵹һ⣬ܾˣҲܳûɱǡ
˼Ҳǰ׳գҪɹҲѣÿǵˡë˵գٶȿۣǰɨӶȥ
ѰΧޡ
Ȼë¶ЦݣҶǳ˵ǵǵõؼʬĵط𣿡
˵Ǹѷ𣿡
Ҷǳԣʱ˷ܵ㲻˵ҲˣǴѷҽ㣬ȫԶ棬Էвս
棬Ҫһֱ𣿶ܹ㡣ëߵ
ʲô˼ҶǳʱЩԺˡ
ëɭЦҸղ֮̽ʱǴѷѾһսռˣǾͰѺһȥʱǶҽȥͷս޵ŭ𡣡
գһ⡣ҶǳʱЦˡ
һһǴѷ챼жȥ
úԭȵĵطӰɽ
ɽɨһ۵ϵĽӡߵСΪı˷򣬾ܶһ𣿡
ѲѾˣЩԾ˵
ΣѡɽһЩӡ׷ȥ
ΣСһҪҧҧҲ׷ȥɽڣҶǳ츳Ҳܻ
Ͼһսʿһսȼ̫ˡ
ɵӶΪһսʿܹһս

ǰǴѷˣСӣҽķԼϢͷ޸ˡ
ɭУëȻҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷԼϢ
Ƭ̺ǹȻǴϤĵѷ졣
ͷؼǰ档
Ҷǳ˶õ˵ؼʬ塣
һΣٴ˵أȴΪ׷
ٺ٣ǵܺãʱͷ˯ֻҪСĵ㣬ܳûҽ㡣ëٴοۣɨһµѷʱ¶Цݡ
Ҷǳ˿ɫʱ̫ѾɽˣҲ˯̫˰ɡ
ûм룬ҶǳڵѷһЩӡȻëһСؽѷ졣
Ϊǰ̽ҶǳëСġ
úǿһӴޣſڵѷ˯


83 
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ʱͷɫԳں˯ס
Ҷǳ״üͷʱһ壺һô󣬵¹ƻᱻһ﷢֣ǻ𣿡
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Сӣҽ㣡ëһð˲Ĵų򣬵ȳǲȵҽ
ҶǳʱͷӦҲͷų̫𣬳ҽȥ
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ӦûģӢǶ񶾵Ů˲ɱĲݣˣ϶;ϡҶǳЩĵ˵
ȻúһϤӵط洫
ӡûˣѲҶǳСӶط棿
ϤҶǳһӾˡ
Ҷǳһ漴ɱ
ӢĹӣӢĺܶִеģҶǳʹޱȡ
һϤߣҪ͵ϮǣС
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ңҶǳҲ֪ɽӢ׵ܵܡ
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ʱڵϣһ˫۾ǵĺɫԳҲ洫ʱһӾվ
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ԣû˿ԥɫԳ㳯ŵط˳ȥ
ڵطɽСؽͻȻе漴һɿ͵Ϣ۾һɣš
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һԵëͷųۣһɨɽЦŶҶǳСӣһˣǿԷӳսʵСժ֣ȫ֮һս


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ô˵㻯εΣˣ뿪˵ذɡҶǳЦ漴ɭɱȥ

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ë˵ɭֵ̫Σգʺϸ·ǽҹڴϢɡ
ҲãҪһһ»ƽ֮ţȡͻƵһս𡣡Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵
а𣿡ëʱڴ
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ǣɽں󷽻ҶǳܵѹҪͻƵһսС
ϾһȵɽָƣǾӵսʵǶ֡
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Ҷǳڣ񣬺ܿͷСȴ貵Ļƽ֮š
ƽ֮ȻرգƺھܾһֻͣһɵĽ⣬սһԼĴڡ
Ҷǳһۻƽ֮ţ漴սΧָԼڵս
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ǿֲ͸Ҷǳ屬ȥϯ˷Զëɳȥ
үģëһԶԶģٽӽҶǳˡ
Ҷǳ˿ûëڼƽ֮ţϣһ˿϶
һεľ飬һγƽ֮ţҶǳԵ˺ܶ࣬һαһ϶
ңҶǳ׼ڴ򿪻ƽ֮ŵķ϶֮һγҲŶ
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Ҷǳ̾ղһƵĿֲæëӳɽǾҪˡ


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Ҫñ˿϶𺳲ѡ
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Щš


86 ׽ϴ
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ˣ˭˵俪ƽ֮ŲܳΪսģҲֻǱүƲѡȻҪ俪ƽ֮ţҲԽսֻС֮ǰս̫ˣԲűʮսʿ磬ʱ侭ôսһ̤ս硣
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Ҷǳ۾еǳʹ죬ոսһսһӾһսڣȷһԵ
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Ȼôϲ´ҶɽʱҲһɽٰɣҶǳʱЦ
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ɽɫһ䣬漴Цû뵽СӾȻ̤һս磬ѹֵһһսܴùս𣿡
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Ȼɽһ·׷ɱôҶǳҲĴ
ΪԴǾǶԼĲ̡


89 ǳʯ
ɱɽ֮ҶǳͬԴ׼ؼĸӢ
ͨë̽·Ҷǳһεɽʼָơ
һսȻӮˣӮҲǳңѾˣҲأҵһսˡ
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һЩѵĹͷս£ʼϡ
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Хɽ಻ҪܼĴһҲɭ֡
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֮ԱХ룬ΪּĶУпս
ңȺޣǲǵһһһȺ
ԣХҲΪ֮أ˸Ҷ·ߵġ
ҶǳΪ˸ʱ䣬ȴֻܴХ롣
ëָ·Ҳʵ̫ǿľǣǰ
ɭִԽҶǳǿë̽·ǿޡ

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ͻȻǰ治Զżߺ˵ʬ壬ѪȾΧĲľ
Ҷǳ̽ЩûκֻһЩǮƶѡ
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Ȼ֪ʿʲôһЩɱֻ֣֪񣬼ʧȥУ顣
ֻǣܹʿһ㣬ĻĽҰ⣬ôһȺʿأ
ңȺʿʵս֮ϣܹɱǵˣҲһǿߡ
СӣҪ£ԽǶµˣıԽ졣ë˵գŲԶɽ˵ǻоһХ룬˵˶Ⱥס϶ʲô֮
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ҶǳϸţڵսƺǳʯܸȤԴԴϵӿǳʯ档
ţҶǳë֣ǳʯʧȥɫʣԭȵ֮⣬ʱѾɢıһʯͷˡ
ͬʱսҲָƽ
Ҷǳʱȴ۾һ漴æϥ£۾
СӣôëЩɻʵ
Ҷǳûᣬʱܵս֮дһϢժֵĵá
ͨЩϢҶǳٽժֵĵڶ㹦ˡ
һʱҶǳЩݣվë
ëȻ򣺡үˣλǳսǳ֮ƣȻΪǳ֮ԣսǲŻЩǳ֮󣬷һЩϢ㡣СԺҪһЩǳʯܸõؿսǣܹõλǳսս񷨣ͷˡ
ⶫ²ôܹҵġҶǳЦ


90 
ǳʯǳϡ٣ֱﶼǿҶǳûбϣ
ܹǳʯժڶ㣬Ѿˡ
ﵽڶժ֣ػǿˣҶǳɵЩڴ
Сӣ߰ɣˡȵȺǷûǳʯˣ»ᱩŭģǾ͵ùˡë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ʧȥǳ֮ǳʯʼëɽ
ǳʯȻʧȥǳ֮ȻӲޱȣڽڽƷʣʶҶǳѡ¡
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ʱѾХԽһˣһ·̣뿪Хˡ
־һһҹĸ·Ҷǳǰģֻʣһɽˡ
ԽǰɽҪִɽӳˡҶǳ򿪵ͼһ˵
ɽӳѾµ۹ˣµ۹߽һǳأΪХȺɽΧֻºӣԲűΪɽӳǡ
ͬʱǳҲµ۹һͷµ۹Ҫݣλ÷ǳҪ
ˣǳҲǳķ
ҶǳҪִ³ǣֻɽӳǳ˴ԽºӣȻµ۹ĸأܽ³ǡ
СӣǱ߰ɣëͻȻָǰһ·˵
ҶǳüͷɻؿΪʲôҪУ
Ϊëָ·͵ͼ־ĲϣֱУΪҪ˷ʱ䡣
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Сʵʵ˵ɣǰһ鷳ڵ㣬үϣ֡ë̯̯צε˵
Ⱥʿ𣿡Ҷǳüͷһʱ뵽ʲô
ǽХ벻ú󣬱㿴һЩʿʬ壬Х֮У˵Ⱥ֮⻹ʲô鷳¾Ⱥʿˡ
Ⱥʿ׷ɱһЩˣǰսСȷҪ𣿡ë˵
ȥ˵ο·Ҳ㼦ķ緶ԲԣҶǳЦ˵
˶кҶǳҲ⣬֪Ⱥʿ˭Ҫ׷ɱ˭
СӾȻԱүʹ˼˵ҲԣүҪУëԣʱȻ֮ɫǰ·
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ档
ԼʱҶǳһǰĴ֮д
ȻëۻôϬķǳ׼ȷ
ҶǳëСϢһƬݴԺ棬ǰ濴ȥ
ʱڴ֮УһȺʿΧһ޳
ȺʿԼʮˣ޳ΧҲʮƾУڼҲɱš
ҶǳóЩ˶սεǿߣΪǶս˵С
Уǿˣս
һʿһģһ޳һģҲڼսţ÷ǳʣҶǳѪڣսǡ
ף
ͻȻԱߵëһȡ
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֣ëڿۣ޳
Сӣ޳һŮë˵
ôһֻҲŮȤҶǳԷ˷ۣ漴ЦŴȤ
Сӣ㣬үǷŮھȻлֵĲһǷǳǿĻ֣ү߰˳ɵİչ𡣡ëЩ˷ܵ˵
𣿡ҶǳԵɴ۾ôɰɣĽҰģһˣȻӵ𡣡
ٺ٣ǧ磬治СëЦЦ漴üͷ˵СŮڵĻַǳȶƺӵл֣ҲͨںϵõֵģЩ֡
ģֲںϵģеַõ𣿡ҶǳҲЩ档
ү˵ǧ磬治УҲеַҲ˵ë˵
Ҫ𣿡Ҷǳʱһ
ȻðæСҪѵһӵˣȻܴëƿ׳һҶǳ˵
Ǿɱɣ
ҶǳóڽԾ𣬳Ⱥʿɱȥ
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ĳ֣ʿͻһһΪǶԷԮ
ǣҶǳնɱһʿȺǶʱ˿ҳû͹Ⱥʿ
ȺʿҲԻңܿͷӦֳһսʿҶǳ֮ɱ
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ǴӺڽ汬ĿֲһӾͺ
ΧʿͻǶһЩؿҶǳ
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ңҶǳǴչնɱλʿʿһʱ١
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о仰˵úܺʮӶʮĪ
ǺǣҶĳҪ³ǲμѧԺĿˣĿǰѧԺѧҶǳ˵
ҦԶʱݣ漴̾ҶûнѧԺӵʵһѧԺѧϰ˼꣬½Ϊսδزܡ
֪ܲͨѧԺĿءҶǳǫ֮ɫ
ǺǣҶʵͨˣôѧԺûˡҦЦ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҪ˵Զһｫϡ
Ҧ£óˡһϵ
Ҷǳתͷȥһߣ޳Ҧ³
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䵭ƴһлƵģҶǳüͷаˬ
һԵҦҲΣ˵ܼңҶҲǰ³ǣһ·һ߰ɣ·ҲһӦ
Уǵֲǲ֪˭֪СǲǵļϸǵĶ顣ܼߵ


91 ѩ
ܼҵĻҶǳɫʱЩѿˣ˵ҶĳǸղȺһģڵϵģ˰ɡ
СӣҪΪе㱾£ΪˡϷ߹ţ߹·Ҫࡣܼԣһ˫񣬴һ˿Ҷǳ
𣿡ҶǳЦš
Сӣ𣿡ܼɫʱһɱ
үүʱһɣȽɽӳ˵ڳսŵʱһö޳洫
޳еŮ˵ˡ
ܼüͷһ壬վûзֻǺݺݵҶǳһۣСӣȽɽӳǸϽ
˵գתˡ
ҶǳһղųְȺˣȴõĴⲻǶʵǳĲˬ
Ҧ¿ɫҶǳæ˵ҶǶԲסˣܼҵƢЩŹ֣ټǽ׷ɱЩ꣬ϣҪ黳
ҿһһ뿪ɣҶǳ˵
ǿ߼룬ǶҲкôɡҦæ˵
Ҷǳܹһһսʵսˣǿ
ǿ߼룬ΣôҲܹһʤ㡣
ҶǳȺ飬ɽӳǳ
·ϣҶǳЩضԱߵҦʵҦ磬޳еС㵽˭Ϊʲôᱻ׷ɱ˵𣿡
ûʲôģɽӳǣҲ֪ġҦºˬЦЦ漴Ҷ˵СҪһ
ŶԸꣿҶǳʱЩ档
ʵСǵ˻ʵ˽ŮǰòŵõƺţѩҦµ˵
ʲôҶǳıŵˣڻĽҰһˣȻһλҲ̫˰ɡ
˻ʶѲһŮӣʶǼС㡣Ҳ֪ʹӣʺȨôһ߼룿ԣǼСһֱ䣬ֱǰʺȥ˻ʲŷּ⣬ǼС㹫ݣٻػʹҦ¼˵
ԭˣҶǳ˵ͷ漴ʵǸղ׷ɱǵȺʿأʲôˣȻôӣҲ׷ɱҪ췴𣿡
֪ȺʿŶҩһ²ɱ޷֪ǵݡӦöǻڲɣĳЩ˲ϣѩȥѩǵ棬ֹɡҦҡͷ˵
ͷΣգҶǳһ̾ʼԼʵЩ£̫ȫˡ
׷ɱ磬ʵûаȫĵط
ҪסڣһлǵԼʵ
ʱ֣ͣʼ
ҶǳëһԵĴȴͻȻһŮҴҵش޳ܳλܼҺҦ˵ʲôӡ
ҹ٣СŮҪʹˡëվҶǳļϣ޳ķ򣬵˵
Ҷǳɵüͷ磬㵽׷ʲô
үûв´ĻλѩڵĻǾŴ֮һĺ𣬿ϧ޷ÿҹ֮ʱҪܵɵʹ࣬ɲǳ̵ܹġò˵СŮ޵־²СӲ١ë˵
ŶڣȻ޷ƣҶǳЩɡ
ֻ֣ͨںϻ֣ܿƻ֡λѩΪӵкûн֣ȻҲ޷֡ë͵
ô˵ˣҶǳһ뵽
޷̫̫ܵķɡҶǳͻᱻ̫ɣΪ̫֡
λѩŶʲôΪȻԵ
ʱӦްΪڣһǿʥڻԴⲻǳ֮ƣ޷Ắ𣬻ǽ绹һëҡͷ˵
ʥҶǳһ뵽λѩĸµ۹˻ʣҲȻˡ
£λ˻ʳ֣űסλѩɡ
λѩܺãȻСӣעһëͻȻ˵
Ҷǳɻң˵ҿԾܰɣ˻ʶû취ܹʲô취
˻ǿҲûл֣Сȴл֣һרſƺ̫Ҫ˵˭ܾλѩ³ս֮⣬ֻСˡëЦ˵
˵̫ȥɢڵĺ𣿡Ҷǳ۾һɵʵ
ô򵥣ëҡҡͷ漴͵̫ͺͬȼֻʱѹƺ𣬶޷ɢҪλѩǵʩչ壬ɵڵһֺôʣµһСֺλѩ־ӦÿԽ併
ë˵һλѩþȣƿغ𣬿νøԽ˻ʶ⡣
ڵʵɵڶ𣿡ҶǳЩɡ
ëӵз˲ҪǿɵĻѡˡ
ֻǣëҲ˵ˣڵʵɵڶӲҪɵĻֻΪĳͻ
ڲԣԺҲ԰ڿʱѹڵĺ𣬵ȵΪǿˣڵĺˡë˵
ҪﵽʲôУҶǳʵ
ҲҪΪսɣս츳һΪսĻôսƶӽսսˣӦ㹻ɵڶˡë˵
սҲ̫ߡҶǳʱ˿һսڣҪ˶þܽս硣
ԣҪﵽս磬˵ʲô̫Ѷȡ
£ҶǳҦ¡
ҶҦ¶Ҷǳ˵ͷϻһĽʱؿ޳ķԵĲɡ
Ҧ磬ʲô㿴ܽţҶǳ֪ʵ˵
Ҧ̾ʵѩһֺÿҹʱ򣬺ͻᷢҲͻʹʮˣѩû˯һȵľ治֪ܳŵʲôʱ򡣡
ҶǳЦҦ²֪ԵʣΪѩ˺
£Ҷǳ˵Ҧ磬ƹһйĲˣ֪ܷһѩҲҿԳһ
ģҦЩϲ漴Щɡ
ǲҶǳֻҶǳ̫ˣҶǳ츳Ȼβ˺츳ѹûʲôϵ
Ҧ磬˸㣬һĳʦҶǳ΢΢һЦԶʦ˳
ⶫ˭ʶҦ̾ȷˡ


92 
Ȼʦƣû뵽Ҷʵǿ󣬾Ȼһλʦ츳ʵҦĳ
ҦһӾȷҶǳƣΪⶫ˼٣Ҳû˸Ҽðʦ
ҶԵƬ̣ȥܼ˵һ£Ҧ漴æ˵ȻǲΪҶǳܹκѩϾ˻ʶû취ҽֻҪܹʱѩĲ飬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ҲҪѩ³ǣĻҪѩڰ·ôЩ˶Ҫᡣ
ǺǣҦ㣡Ҷǳ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
û뵽ƾȻôãս½󳬼֮һ
޳С
ܼؿǰðźϷŮԱ߻һ䲻ŮһĽ͵ǡ
ϷŮԼʮӣԭӦഺ޲ŶԣȴɫޱȲ԰ףͬһˡ
ңµĲλѾ⣬ֱֻֻۻܻ硣
ʱҧüͷ¶Ȼʹĥ
ͷϵĺ飬ո䵽䣬ͱ˱顣
һĻҪ˿ѾŴˡ
ܼңԱһŮһֱźѩԶѩ״ҲϰΪˣֻȻ˵ǡ
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ѩȻɫ԰ף촽Ƕ˶¶һĨѵЦݡ
ЦѣԱߵŮʱ֮ɫ
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⡭ܼԣʱЩĶˣȻƢôȴΪѩ룬ϾǿѩСģȶŮҪס
ܼңҦ´˵ĲҶһҲõģ￴ţҶҲ޷ԹľٶԱߵŮҲ˵
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ܼƲƲ죬ûзΪۼʶҶǳʵ

ҶǳѩʱһɺӵҶǳƶˡ
ǿĺҶǳȲѡ
ԱߵŮ
Сӣû°ɣܼҲȵ
ڴʱҶǳƻһЩʱɢ̫ˡ
֣ܼ𾪣ɴ۾ŵضҶǳ
㻹еʶҶǳЦЦ߶̫𣬳ѩ̽ȥ
Сĵƺû棬ڲ˵ѩ£ѹЩ
Сӣû뵽Ȼӵл֣˻ʱµҲҹӵлֵʦҽιȫʧˡܼ˵
ʧܣҲʧܣҶǳ˵
ߣܼЩˬҶǳš
ҶǳСؿ̫𣬼ѹѩڵĺ
ͬʱҶǳҲѩڵ
ʱѩĵ֮һźһеס
һʥɢɫĹâѩڣһػԴһ߶Կź
ǺȻ׳󣬾ʥҲѹƲˣʹúѾѩ°
˺Ļ棬ȻҶǳɵø̾
ֺȻǿ󣬵ȴûһη壬Ϊ̫ǺĿǡ
ң̫ҪѩڵĺǿĶ࣬һ·ѩڵĺ޷ֵɵؾͱҶǳ̫ѹˡ
ʱܼҺԱǸŮؿõѩɫָ˺󣬲Ҳûʹıˡ
ѩ°Ҳڻ⣬Ǳڻı飬ѩµʪˡ
찡ĺ𣿡ԱǸŮ漣һĻʱϲӡ
һԵܼҲ˼飺оô
ҸоһŻƵģǳůҲûкĸоˡѩڿ˵ˣͬһö


93 һҹ
Ҷǳ߶̫ѩ°ıѾȫڻˣϵĺҲʧˣڵĺҶǳ̫εѹסˡ
ѩԭ԰׵ף˿̱ޱȺ󣬻ָɫʡ
ܼҺԱǸŮǳ˷ܺͼ
ĺˣԱߵŮϲ֮ɫ
ˣĺˣܼҼĶˡ
ҶǳߵǱ˵̫磬Ҳֻʱѹסڵĺѣûн
˵գҶǳѩ֡
ûҶǳ̫ѩڵĺٴαǹɺٴδѩð˳ܼɫһ䡣
Ҷǳɵٴץסѩ֣̫𴫵ݽȥѹסѩڵĺ
˰ɣֻҪһ֣ѩڵĺͻٴαҶǳ˵
ô죿ҶȻѹƹڵĺӦҲԽŶԡܼæʵҶǳ˵˺ܶ࣬Ҳû֮ǰ䳰ȷˡ
Ҷǳҡͷʵ˺һֺԻ֣Ҫκùַֻһǳ֣һֱԼ־֡
ھȻл֣ԱߵŮ𾪵
ܼҵûжپȣƺѾ֪˵ҶԲڵȷһԻֲ֣ǹģҲǹںϵģΪĳЩŽ빫ڡҶȻѹ֣ӦҲԽɡ
ǿԣǹΪ̫ˣһҳ֣߱ȻᱬʱıǹˡҶǳ˵
ѩڵĺ𲢲ǺǿҶǳȷаսֻֻһĿ϶ѩ
Ͼⲻսѩڡ
ѩΪս綼ṳ̂룬һֵֻܵĳɡ
Ǿûһ취𣿡ܼЩĵʵôˣ˭βѩᲡ鶼
ڣò׳һҶǳԼѩĲ飬ֱ漣Ȼġ
ʱһ벻ʲô취һЩʱ䣬ҲԡҶǳҡҡͷ˵
ǾͷҶˣҶ֮ǰЩˣҪҪʲô뾡ܷԸһ׼׵ܼæ˵֮ǳһҶǳǸ
ǵǲáҶǳܾϾְѩҲĵģҪõѩڵĺ𣬶޳ס
ëȴǴСӣ㱿ǹ˻ʽʥڱɼǶôءСӲҪΪϼһһЩҩȻƵҩ
Ҷǳë˵ĺеܼ˵ҽιǾ֮ͣҶĳӦҪʲôǴڿʼҪÿϸƣ͵ҵܼҰչһЩҩģҿڰʱƵҩֲϲʧ
ӦõģӦõģܲҶæһҶҪʲôҩģ뾡ܷԸȽɽӳǣһܼæ˵ҲҶǳϾҶǳôᣬ츳ôߣȻҪ
ңϲͣظƣҲҪķѺܴģȻҶǳװæ
Ͼ˼ֲǷģƾʲôװ˷
ǾܼˡҶǳЦЦ漴һЩҪҩĸܼҡ
ӦõģܼæȻһԵŮ˵ģú̺Ҷ
ҶʲôҪ֪ͨҡܼ漴Ҷǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ܼ漴뿪޳ϾҲһҪΪ˸ƣҶǳҲһֱ
ܼ뿪֮ҶǳԱǸŮѩѩ˵ⴲѾʪˣˡң˫ȱ̫ãҪ߶߶һ½òзϡ
Ҷˣѩ˵ɫͨ죬ǳ崿ɰ
ΪڣҶǳǣѩ֣ϾֻҪһ֣Ǻͻᱬܷſѩ֣ҪһǣŲС
ѩô󣬻ǵһαͬкǣ֣ȻЩˡ
Ҷǳ״ҲЩΣתƻ⣺ϼģôѡХǰ³أ
Һһֱסµ۹İºӺԶҪϵ³ǣֻܴХˡѩ˵
ת֮ҶǳѩͲôˣʼ
֮УҶǳѩĺܵ棬һˮ
ˣҶǳǵһμЩ档
֮Уʱúܿ죬ת۾ˡ
е̫һѩڵĺͻָƽʱҶǳҲͿԷѩˡ
ϢɣȥˡҶǳ˿ɫ漴ѩ˵
ͷҶˣҶӣҲעϢ»Ҫ鷳㡣ѩм
ôҹǵһôɣܵĥǳмҶǳ
Ǻǣ֮ˣֻҪһָܻܿġҶǳЦЦ漴뿪޳
ѩһֱĿҶǳȥ
һԵŮЦ˵ҶһλʿһǵһμôõˡңҷԹһ뷨ҲûУȫǰѹͨˡ
Ҷ츳ϣһϣԶ͵ˡ츳ȻݡѩЦ
ĪϲҶӰɣŮЦ
ִ򣡡ѩʱŭӣ漴ְּ֪ܹ̾꣬ʲôʸϲˡ
˻ʱһκġңҶ˵κءŮο
ˣɡѩҡҡͷ

޳ҶǳһطʼϾһϲͣش߶̫𣬵ȷ˺ܴľ
СӣѩôܲҪģģ˻֮ŮҪȢǾ˻ʵŮҪʲôԴûУë
Ҷǳ˷ۣ˵˵磬濴㻹ýŵǱʰ
СӣѵûһĶ𣿱ү˵ģ츳Ҫ˻ôʡºܶʱ䡣㲻Ҫڰ֮ڳΪս˻ټ츳пõëЦ
ҪΪսҪԼŬǿﵽĿġң˼ǹῴҡҶǳߵ
ߣôСӴڿʼÿ϶ǣˣνˮ¥̨ȵ£ֻҪСģһʮСѾͷֵëЩЦ
磬бҪһֻĸˡҶǳȤ
үġëʱŭˡ
ҶǳЦ


94 ʯǧ
֮˳Թ緹㿪ʼ·
ҶǳҦ²һ
Ҧ¿ҶǳмҪлҶˣ㣬֪֧ܲŵ³ǡ
һˣЩ˾ҪᣬǳмҶǳ
Ǻǣ֮ͰˣܹҽιҲҶĳҡҶǳЦЦЦݺܿˣüͷһȻĿǰ
ţҶôҦ¼״Щɻ
ˣ֪ǲǵˣкܶࡣҶǳȡ±ĺڽĿ⿴ǰ
ˣҦһæǰȥȴʲôҲûз֡
ʵҶǳҲûз֣ëֵģȻֱӴ
ڴʱ涸Ȼ
Ҧɫһ䣬漴ſڵϣŵ档
ΣɫȻ࣬ҶǳͷҶ˵Ĳȷв˳ˣҲ֪ǲǵˡ
˵գҦ°γս˴ȵӭս׼
һڻǶʱγսػ޳Χصؿǰ
úŵԽԽǿңһȺʿԶĵ·սǴ֣ɳ۶
ңһλʿŴ죬дšɽӡ֡
Ҧ¼״ʱ˿һɫȻصҶǳЦҶǵˣɽӳǵӦյǼϢǰӭӹݡ
ŶҶǳ÷ص˵ͷǲûзɾ裬ǼЩϽӽʿǡ
ƺӡ֤ҦµĻЩʿڿ޳ʱڻͣ
漴һλĽһʿгҦ˵ʯǧܣɽӳǳ֮ӣǰӭӹǡ
ԭٳҦ£ǹĻͳ죬ٳҦǰȥ˱ȭ˵
ʯǧܿҦ£ص˵ͷ漴ϵĽԱߵʿǰ˵Ҧͳ죬֪ȫܷһ
޳ϢͷٳȴƬ̣Ҧĳȥһ¡ҦԿ˵
ǾҦͳˡʯǧܵ˵ͷ
Ҧ漴ȥ޳ˡ
ʯǧĵɨһڻһ˿м֮ɫвɵҡҡͷ˵ѩܳ裬м٣ȻЩʵô˵˻ʱ²ѩҲǿԼѪϣһѡ
ȺеҶǳʱʯǧüͷһ¶һ˿ȣף
ҶǳʱҲڴλٳ˵ͱ˼꣬ǳᣬΪѾһսҲһеš
ٳ̫ˡ
ȻղŵһʯǧֵܶĺܿҶǳȴóԷǿЩǿҦ£һ˿м
Сӣʲô֣磬ƺǹĻڴʱʯǧܵĻҶǳ
йİʯǧҶǳȻȻسһĨмЦݡ
ͬ߸ϵĹ壬ڸ·ߵؤʯǧʾİҶǳеǳĲˬ
Ҷǳ֪ٳкָ̣Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳûҲ԰ҪȥѧԺμӿ𣿡ʯǧܿóҶǳΪԼһҲһսԲЩȡ
Ҫ֪ҶǳҪᣬôͽһսǴ츳ã
ʯǧЩʺͷŭ
ҶĳȷҪȥѧԺμӿˣҶĳǰˣҶǳ˵
ܹܵʯǧܵĵ⣬ЩĪƺ˫ǵһμɣ
֪ʯǧڼ츳
ʯǧСͽʳ߸ϵٳȻñ츳ԼԷһ֮
֪ȥһ콾츳̶һ겻ͽѧԺԺһλүĳ˲ðʯǧԣʱг˼ʺĽ
Ϊ콾ˣѧԺԺȻȢһ
콾
һ֣ҶǳǳһĨ⡣
콾ʵϤֻһ뵽ԷԼսһ·ǣΪ֮ӣоͺܲˬ
ʵ콾Ҫ콾ֻΪ֤Լ
֤Լ㱻սǣҲȻٴ̤۷塣
ͬʱҲҪ֤Ӣ֪ʲôаʤ
ٳ룡ڴʱҦ˹ʯǧ˵
ʯǧܿһҶǳ漴Ҧȥˡ
Ҧͳ죬Сôһ𣿡·ϣʯǧѯҦ¡
Ҷǳһǵ̸û⣬ߵһȥˡ
ޣСҲ̫Ϊˣ㿴ղ񣬲һսѣһǿҩѻģȻҲôɽϻӳƴëƲ
Ȼֻֿۣ鿴һʯǧܣ㿴ʯǧѹһݰˡ
ҶǳҲҡҡͷ츳Ҳôܹô̤һս磬ƶǳϵٵҩ
СпܻΪУҿСһ£СӸˡëڿۣ޳ķȥȻ͵̸
ɣһҲһ֮ӶѣȻҴ⣿Ҷǳ졣
ûСӼ˹ɫԵ⣬û˼û˵仰㽫˳ٺ٣ëЩֻ˵漴ۡ
ʱҶǳȷʯǧһش޳˳ȻڹԱˣҶǳЩЦ
ҶǳЦȴ䵽ʯǧܵУ߶ʱɫˣֱӳҶǳ
Ҧ¼״ЩԾæ˹
ʯǧضҶǳȻСӣʲô˶ͨѧԺ˵ģȰ㻹ǸϽȥɣʡ˷һˡ
ͲٳˡҶǳ˵
ʯǧü֮һ˿𺣬ߵڤ粻飬ɣҲҪȥѧԺμӿ˵ģҲдһҪҶӮˣȥ³ҲǶˣǸϽظɡ
ҶǳԣʱȻ򣬸λٳڹԱˣﲻʹ죬Ҫйһ£ǴүƢ
ҶǳǶʱһĨЦݣλٳΪӣ׼йһ£Ҵˣȡˡ
ٳҿ˰ɣλ֮ӣԺעҪѧԺʱеǻд裬ͲҪ·ʱˡҦһȰ
ʵʯǧҲЩˬԷɽӳǳ֮ӣϾҪȥɽӳˣȻܵͷߡ
ߣղײգûҪȵԺ󣡡ʯǧһ漴мؿҶǳЦôеģҪҽΣһġ
ٳȻˣҶĳԵ㵽ףҶǳ˵ڵӣ˲һķâ


95 
տĲݵϣҶǳʯǧ˶Գš
ԱߣҦ¿Ȱ޹ֻһԿţ׼ʱ־ˣزеκһš
ȻУʯǧܱذɡ
ϾҶǳʵǰѾʶˡ
Сӣаɣûᣡʯǧܱ˫֣Ȼ֮ɫ
ҶǳʱЦˣ治֪һôǿҵţ㽾ҲҪнĵС
񵱳ʱƷɣԷʹﵽһս۷壬һ˾ᣬѧԺ
ɽнĵûʲô˵
ʯǧʲô
һս磬һǿҩѻģû壬޷ڵĵǳ
һˣҶǳУǾһ治֪İ
ȻٳôţҶĳȳˣСģҶǳʵúһϻδ䣬㲢ָ罣ʯǧһĽ
ͬ绮Ʋ񷣬ٶȷǳĿ졣
һԹսҦ¼״ȴǰ˿֪ҶǳˣϾҶǳڽûжá
ңһҲûȫʯǧǱһ£ʯǧܿҶǳ֮Ĳ࣬Ӷ֪֮
ֻǣԱĽʯǧܾȻһҲη壬ͺһӡ
ͬʱȫսӡһźɫϱǳɭõΧ¶ȶ½ࡣ
һ˲䣬ԱߵҦ¶ɵô˸Щ𾪵ؿʯǧܣͬʱӳźȥ
ҶǳҲȵؿһĻ
һȻʯǧΧĺɫסˣһ縯ʴɢڰС
ʵϧңǲ̫Զˡʯǧ䶢Ҷǳ֮гޱߵаͬħһҶǳеһļ¡
ңʯǧܵͺһл꣡
һ£ʯǧڳĺɫˣЩɫʯǧܵı۳һɫģӰ

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ڴʱҶǳдëŭ
ҶǳЩɻ󣬵ѾѯʣΪʯǧѾˡ
ңҶǳ𾪵ǣ˿̵ʯǧܷ·һˡ
ԵޱϵϢ⻹ǸղǸӵʯǧ
ҶǳоЩţһ˵ôͻȻ֮䷢ôı仯ֱһһ£̫ˡ
䣡
ʯǧܲҶǳеľɣֱһȭȭâޱȣƥȭƺ˿ռǿ޵еͬһƵ
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ѾԶԶԽһսǴﵽս𣬶һս۷壬ӽսˡ
ҶǳЩţëѾ̽ʯǧˣһǿҩһս磬ôӵôǿ츳
㵱ڹɣ˾ᣬҲûǿս츳
ⶼҶǳԼˡ
ҶǳȡĺڽҲûһ˿⣬һʯǧӭȥ
䣡
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ңһȭһȭһȭһȭ¡
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ȻˣҶǳҲֻһʯǧˣһʯǧܡ
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⻰ʯǧܵﴫԵЩˣΪʯǧܵġ
һԵҦ£·˹һؿʯǧܡ
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Աиɽӳǵʿһѽ˲䱻ʯǧץС
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ݣ
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ҶǳЩţȻˡ
֮󣬴Խܵˣǵһαһͬ˸ˡ

Ҷǳʱŭˡ
û˿ԥҶǳ߶ڵսڵսƽ֮ųȥ
䣡
ƽ֮Ŷʱһ룬һɿֲӿҶǳעںڽ֮УһŶʯǧȥ
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ûʲôУһһֱǰٶȲ죬ȴʯǧܣʯǧ޷
⡭
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˵Ľƺݺݵײһ𣬱ŰĽɨΧһÿôˡ
ЩսɽӳʿǣҦ£ȫˡ
ǿֻһս磬ǱʵѾԽսˡ
Ҧ֮ɫ
ͣ
ͬʱǰˣѾֳʤ
ʯǧŽϥأ̲סһѪ𾪵ؿŶҶǳû뵽ҾȻˣôܣ
ٴλָԭʣʱϣȴû˰ǳ𾪺Ͳš
ƺû뵽Լսܡ
Ҷǳʯǧһۣת뿪ˡ
ʯǧҲûȥ׷ɽӳǵĻȥһˡ

һô¡
ҶǳѯëǼһﵽô£ͻȻ֮ƱһˣûֱһˣֱƵġ
Сӣ˵ˣղžǸˡëĻشҶǳЩëȻ
ô£иղţΪʲô˵Ҷǳɻ
ëŭ֮ɫҧгݵ˵ǱүĴˣղСʹõĹǱүǴ˵ģû뵽ʱ꣬үôҵϢߺߡ
ǺɽʧܣشǸ𣿡ҶǳԴһ
ëҧгݵ˵ǵݺѾһս޵ڵˣô䵽ز


96 
ŭëҶǳҲܹ⣬ϾëҪսģͻȻܵ˵İ㣬һΪΪˮ䵽ģ˭ŭġ
£ҶǳЩʵ˵磬㻹ûи˵˵Ǹ˵ͷأңʯǧǼһ˵ĹǲĴˣ
ˣ̫ԶˣֻѧһƤëѣСͱɱˡëĻҶǳЩľ
ʯǧһսܹӳսս⻹ֻѧһƤë
Ҷǳ޷ëǸжôѾΪսɣ
ֻë˵үǸ˱Ϊһ죬ǸʵӵеǶһսҲ٣Ϊǿ󡣡

Ҷǳס֡

һ֣Ҷǳ֪һλս𣬶һһλʵǳǿս
ΪëսԲޣʵ죬ڳս֮λˡ
Ȼ͵Ϯëһ͵ϮɹɼʵһҲȵë
ȥô꣬λûгΪսʵҲԽɲˡ
ǳаΪǵѰһЩǿߵʬ壬ΪֻתҲоٻǵĹҳɹٻһЩаǿǣЩЩǿߵʬ壬Ӷӵпµս
ڵаʬǿߣǳΪǲϵѰǿߵʬ壬ӵеĹԽԽ࣬ʵҲԽԽǿ󡣡
ëߵԭѰҵĶʬ壬үһޣȻᡣû뵽ǾȻҴʬ⣬ⱾүȻ޷ˡԣүʹһޣʼĴɱˣʧء
Ϊүˣ䣬Ҳ֪ս˶ٳȻүһһֶ̫ˣүʼɱ
ֱүѾ޷ѹΪò٣ܵһĶ֡
ë޺޵˵
Ҷǳë֮ĳޣ漴ʵղʯǧܵ״̬ΪĹ𣿲֪ʲôȻô
ĹʯǧСҲֻѧһƤëˣղ֮ͻȻˣ˻ел֮ٻһЩȥǿߵĻϣս
ëЦԣСӸղŲǺʯǧսǺЩѾȥǿսҪʯǧСʵ̫޷ĻǷӳǿСôܻ
ȻʯǧֻѧһƤëôôĻǾ춯أҶǳ𾪵
ëЦ춯أûôţҲģֻҪˣ񱾴үķ˲𣬻Сӵ̫ǾȺһĿǣҲΪʲô걾үܹһֱѹԭˡ
ŶԭˣҶǳʱЩϲ
ǰΪʵ͵ƣûжժֺ̫Բû̫Ȼˡ
ʱëĻҶǳʱ뵽ʱʯǧʩչʱɢϢ
Ϣ̫˵ĿҲܶԡ
Сӣ´ˣõģ̫Ը׼°빦ëЦʯǧСҲ̫лһܵɣЩаĻǸռ壬ʱҪ˲˹ĹҲǵĹˡ
ʲôҲһ˱ɵĹҶǳ𾪵
ëߵȻСΪǼһѻôǿĹ㴫ȥķǳն񣬾ҪûǿȥȻһЩаĻǶȡ壬ΪĹǿʵ
ĻΪ֣һ꣬ǿ־һʹǿƥǿ־Ųл꣬·ɡ˵ĻȴǱЩֶΣǹЩһΪģΪµצ
ëĻҶǳеľʵ̫ˡ
ȥӵеĹԽԽ࣬ͳһս½⡣
Ͼ̫ˣʯǧܾ֪ˣһݰ˻ͱô
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ĺǵµԽԽӴ
֮ɫҶǳëЦСӣҲˣҲи߸Ӷţƨ£ңȻǿ󣬵ս½ЩսҲǳصģЩսڣҲֻڰУ¶档һ¶棬ͻܵЩսҵΧˡ
Ҷǳʱˣ漴Զ˵ʯǧܣɵöë˵ʯǧȻǺ͵ᣬҪҪߣȥ
ȥ
ëϷŰؿҶǳЦСӣ㻹治𣿾ƾʵҲȥ飿ⲻ𣿡
Ǿû𣿡ҶǳҲ֪Լڵʵ̫ϵȻǼײɽ壬
ò׵õ˵Ϣëʹ˰ֵġ
Ȼëߵڵʵ̫ȼסʯǧСӣȽʵǿˣ顣ǻŬʵҪ顣
ãҶǳҲԣ˵ͷ
úʯǧһЩҩİ£ָơ
ԶԶһҶǳ漴һȺɽӳǵʿǰ濪·ȥˡ
Ҧ˹Ҷǳ˵ҶǸóˡ
Ҧµ̬Ⱥ֮ǰЩˣҶǳӶԷпһ˿ɵ;ηҲû֮ǰĺˬ̹ˡ
ȻҶǳʯǧܵһսѾҦ¿Ҷǳǿս
սѾǿҦˡ
ԣҦҶǳʱҲ޷֮ǰôˡ
ԴˣҶǳҲ⣬ҦҲֻеһͶѣȵ³ǣҾ͸Էֵˡ
߰ɣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴Ŷ
˵ؾɽӳѾܽˣȻĻʯǧҲô͸Ϲˡ
һ·оٶȺܿ졣
Ͼʯǧǰ濪·һ·ϰΣնûоٶȻˡ
ʱ֣Ϧ£ߵϼǰһ޴ĹųϣԵЩϺͲɣ
ǳأɽӳˡ
ҶǵִɽӳˡҦ˹Ҷǳ˵
һĻܼҡ
ܼҿҶǳ˵ҶȽɽӳǣȥЩҩġ
ǾͶлܼˡҶǳͷлȴЩ˷ˡ
ЩҩһЩҩʵˡ
˵ڵִ³֮ǰս硣


97 Ϳ
ɽӳ֮ѩһ˱ڳס£ϾǹλߡҶΪҪѩҲڳס£ʡһס޷ѡ
ϣʯٿᣬΪѩӷϴɽӳǵһЩǣһá
ЩҶǳûжٹϵΪûнӵ롣
ҶǳҲòμֵᣬ˵ŸΪҪ
һҹʱתۼڶһ磬ҶǳɽӳǵӶֲ
һǰһյĴľӼĻּҵĸӢ
ʣľװıɽԴ͸Ӣ
ˣһӢ׵ܵܣһӢĹӣӢǳҪˡ
ҶǳţӢյʱһܾʡ
ҶǳĵڶǱǸ޸պСҸд˷ţ˵ԼѾҪִ³ˣǲõġ
飬ҶǳڽϹ˹䣬һɽӳǡ
ɽӳǷǳƫƧȴǳ֣Ͼµ۹һ޴ͷ̴ǳ࣬ҵ䷢
ˣϷ棬ʲһ׼ǰ³ǲμѧԺĿ˰ɣҪҪϷһ㣬еĽΣ
ҶǳߵһǰԱߺȻһϵ
Ҷǳʱתͷȥ˵һλˣͷ˿Ұףٶһɷǵӡ
һֻһ˴죬дšͿɣһһ㡯˸֣һֻԼĺӣЦݵؿҶǳ
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ƭӣ˵ֻҰһֻķˣǽȴһСĸ˸ӣƭӣ컹Ǯ

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ʱ޲Ҹضȥ


98 
﷭˵ıǴʱҶǳë
ҶǳԼΪˣûлʮ꣬Ĵǣƭ˰ɣ
ëսתǰ֪˼꣬ʲôûмȻҲƭˡ
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ոӣϻ쵰ȻƭүСӣȥ׷һ٣ë
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ΪɽûãЩҲһˡԣֻҪҵɽĹأܵõһλмսıеĺôҶֵӦܹװɡ
˵ˣ㻹ǵĹҶǳʱЩܣġ
˵ҶֵܣҲ̫߷˰ɣɽ˼ʮ꣬ʵǿʬûиãҲͶ̥תȥˡ˵ֻȡıֲҪðʬ壬ûʲô˵ġ˵
Ҷǳһ
һԵëȴǴСӣƭ˵еһλмսı˵ȷܴĻԵȻˣǾͲҪ


99 Ĺ
ëĻҶǳĬˣȷʵҪʵ
ҲԣֻҪɽʬ壬ֻȡ߱ҲʲôҶǳοԼ
漴Ҷǳһ֮ɫߵֺ飬ô뵽ң
ⲻǺҶֵһͶԵ𣡡Ц˵
ԼȥɽĹذɣҾͲˡҶǳԣվ׼뿪
ιιιҶֵܣȵȣʵ˵ˣаɣʱˣæסҶǳЦҶֵܣƢϸǷˡ
ϻ˵Ҷǳߵ
ġæ͵ҶֵܣɽĿĹأзֵġĹѾ˽ȵˣƾһ˵ʵ޷ڶʳԼҶֵʵǿҲ֡
ô˵ɽĹϢûдɽӳˣҶǳ˵˵ƭ
ٺ٣ȻûУȺһ͵͵ھĹϢ͸¶ȥҲãз֡ڨڨ˵
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ˣҴȥҶǳ΢΢һЦš
ӵ̫ЩҽΪҽ¶ȻȲ̫


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Ȼɽڽ˳ǵʱ򣬾ģɽӳǽɵġ
ȻƬ̣Ŀˡ
ʯǧվڳſڣ֣µʿǰʮڴ̧˽ȥź󷽵ĽֵʶɨһۣŸŽ˳˴š
ô죿Ҫȥ𣿡ԱߵҶǳȥ
Ҷǳʱȴѯë
ëѾۣų̽ȥ
Ȼڴʱë˲侪æҶǳСӣϽ뿪һܣ
Ҷǳһ㶣һμë˴ʧɫûж룬㳯ųȥ
Ҷֵܣô׳ʲô£һ߸ܣһɻ
䣡
ڴʱһɴըں󷽴
һʱŵɫɷס
ΪĴűˣһӰٳ¶ɢɫĹһѪȵɱ¾Ϣ
Ϊµǣ˵廹ǸõģؿڶܿɭȻ׹ǣߵҲõˣֱ
ʲôֵ
ûв´ɽҶǳ˵ͬʱӿٶȣųǽɱȥ
ȻɽѾǣ׷ٶȺܿ졣
ת֮䣬ɽѾ׷ˣһɿֲϢǻڷҪˡ
һսơ
ȻˣǾͲҪˣҳһʵѪɽĻõӣԵޱɭֲ
ŵûëһͷ
ҶǳëһۣһһͣȻɽӭȥ
Сޣ㵹е㵨ɽ¶һ˿ȣƺû뵽Ҷǳͣһҳʱ޵ֻɭ䣬ɱ
ȥɣ
Ҷǳһ˲俪ڵĻƽ֮ţеĴȻ߶̫ʩչժ֣ǰɽȥ
үëҲڴһȵķ˲ǻ滯һֻˣЯſֲĻ𺣣ɽ
֣
һ𣡡
ɽͫһüͷֱоΣգȴǸˡ
ӣûпһĻ
ҶǳͣͷʱɽѾһƬûˡ
ߣҶǳ𣬼ǰȥ
ŷӦһӿٶȣڷ˳ǽ
ǺӱʱҶǳץͿʼɺӡ
ں棬˾ŭ
СӣȻӵ𣬱ˡɽֱײ˳ǽϵѾˣ˻ð̣ȻƲᡣ
׷Ҷǳ뻤Ǻʱȵҽϯûˡ
ɽŭţȴֻ˻ذߣؿҶǳһĹң뿪˴˵ء


101 ս
ţ
ҶǳĹ֮ȴûĹĶڣⲻĹҡ
⣬ղӵżˡʱˣⲻʱĹңһ
û취Ĺ̫ˣҴһģһǸղܵĽ㿴ˡ
ףﻹһڹײģͻȻĹҵĹսǴȻһڹײģɵôв졣
ĹأйײĲǺ𣿡Ҷǳ˷ۣ漴ëš
ëɽܿǰ˻յа귴ɣȡ塣ʯǧܵĻǴѧġ
ɽһλսôôǵƺܴ󣬵һսҲʵɣңƺСҶǳɻ
˵һսˣһһսܷݵأǸһλսǰߡ
Ϊô׾ɵаȻռɽʬ壬ҪɽҪʱ䡣ʱڣҪϵʳʵѪҺܱڵҲͿ߰սѣûдﵽս𡣡
ë˵
ҶǳȻ򣺡ѹ֣Ҫʱ׻ָΪǾ·һˡ
СӣҲˣһȻûлָǾȴʵʵս磬ֻս׻ܾսղţʹ۲鿴ͱоˡëѵ
ףڵңûʸԸҶǳ˵ͷ
Ҷֵܣ쿴һӤ֣ڴʱͻȻһ
ҶǳתͷȥѾǿڹײģɴ۾Źײ档
Ҷǳ˹ȥŹײ濴ȥʱ˼顣
ԣڹײȷһӤֻӤ͸ģܲϣһ㶼һӤһСͷ
СӣӤһս꣡ëһæҶǳ˵սսڵսѣΪӤҲսꡣ
һƺ͸ղǸħе񣡡һֹ
Ҷǳϸһ£Ӥ׵ȷɽơ
ɽս꣡ҶǳܿͲ³ˣɻɽսôᱻ
Сӣڻı飬ֱ֪һսȻţ˵һϢû͸ë
Ҷǳһû뵽սȻ棬̫Сڻı顣
ű鱻ڻһɳҵĹâս֮бĹҡ
һ̣ǰڹײս꣬۾һ˫񣬳Ҷǳ
ҶǳЩɵæˡ
ͬʱײսҲڹײİ棬Ҷǳ
Сһû뵽Ȼӵ츳ս꿴Ҷǳ¶֮ɫ
Ҷǳһ£漴ʵǰɽ𣿡
ɽ𾪵ؿǰվڹײϵսꡣ
ս˵ͷ˵Ҿɽֻս꣬ҵѾǸаռˡ
аꣿǸղǸħ𣿡ɵ
˵ѵ֮ǰСһҾ͸˵˵ɡɽ̾Ϣһ漴˵һξ
ëϣɽǰȷ˻
ʱɽһͨսȺ֮۵ƽ֮ˡÿһƽ֮ˣжһΪǿߵ룬ɽҲ⡣
ԣɽ˺󣬾ͺԥѡѧϰ
ѧϰ˻֮ɽʵʼǣÿʹл꣬ԽսʹԽԽ
Ҳ֪ܵս½Ĵѹһֱұ¶ݣսϵǰʹû
ƾŻɽճΪսһս
͵ԽԽɽͻȻԼʼĪزþʱüѪԵ޹ʵɱ˲ˡ
ʱɽͨ෬Ϣ֪Ŀº
ϧѾû취ֹͣˡ
ɽҲˣһѾ㹻ʣûʲôź
ΨһźܾԼʬ屻һаռݣΪˣصʱԼս꣬һΪ˶ԸǸռаꡣ
ϾϣԼҲܵ¡
û뵽Ȼ˿£ʯǧСӾȻһ׳աɽĹ£̾
ɽԿЦЩţһƽӹеĿࣿΪܹΪǿߣж˲ֶΣԣ֪ûѵͣǻǸԸ
ǰ״̬ܷӳս𣿸ղѾǸаˣŸոռ岻ͣûлָսҶǳʵ
ΪëۣͨѾǸаɹǺӣڸǵټˡ
ںż
ĺˣûսҲܹӳսֻһ֮һ֮սҪɢˡԣΪ˷ֹⷢҹ֮յҵ塣ɽ˵
ˣǰʲô𣿡Ҷǳ̾˿
ողżһλǿսת֮䣬ԷҪȥˡ
ǺǣҶһˣʲôԣɽûиоʲôɥúܿЦǺ˵Сһ츳ԺǧѧңΪԼ׹䡣
ǰ겢û׹䣬а꣬ǲ׹ꡣҶǳĿᶨ˵
ǰ߷ڣĿģһԵҲѵ
ǰܹСѣɽҲ޺ˡɽ˵գ漴̤նֱӷɳĹҡ
Ҷǳ״Ҳ˳ȥ
Ǹһ㿴ԶһɫħӰǸռɽʬаꡣ
ȻڱŭţϵشݻܵĹңѰҶǳǵټ
ɽս󣬶ʱŵɫ䣬תӡ
ϣ𣿡ɽһֱӷ˹ȥסǸаꡣ
аɽʱѵ֪Ĺ𣿵ǿҪãǷǳƽĽףҪ𣿡
Ǻǣһˣ㷴ˣҺΣɽЦ
ɱңûţаŭţԸʼɽɱ
Ȼɽսǰһжͽ޹
Һܸм˼ȻѾˣôҲأҾԲ̱ҵ塣
ɽ˵漴Ϊһаꡣ
ҶǳӺɱɽų̫𣬳׻ٵս塣
ڴʱɽս곯ҶǳСѣлҽѣɣ
˵գս궼Ϊһ꣬Ҷǳˡ
ë״ʱĽ֮ɫСӣĻԵˣúðա


102 
ڱɽսĹû֮ҶǳԼԺУһЩǹڷĹ
Сѣķƣϸܷջ񣬾Ϳ컯ˡɽ
漴ҶǳоһԼ
ĴȻԽԽңݱһ쫷磬Ҷǳ񷡣
󣬷ƽҶǳִе
ʱҶǳƳ˳ƵģԦһɷƣзС
ⶼɽķƣ˿̣Щ͸Ҷǳ
ҶǳѾ˾;أ˿̵õɽҸһ·ƣһʵʵظܣʱջܴ󣬾ȻһӾͽ˶״̬
λСѵ츳ǸߣлΪսʣǰܹµ۹ţҲ޺ˡ
ɽ״ʱ¶Цݡ
ϢʧƬ֮䡣
ͬʱҶǳֱϥڵϣô״̬
ëֱ۾˼飺СǺôĻԵѲһӾҪơ𣿡
漴ëؿһԵִŵҶǳ
ϾֻԵҲѵһѵõĻᣬһϣҶǳʧ̫ˡ
Ҷֵô˿ɻؿҶǳ֪ҶǳǶˣϾûëļʶ
ҲҴҶǳֻվһԿţҶǳ
ë״ʱ˿Ҫ涯δĶ֡
޶򣬱仯ǧһΪλӰ¶磬ӦǹۡԭˣˣǷ磡
磬Σ࣬ɫʼնڶһֹͣġ
磬޾ڡ

ͻȻҶǳ۾
ȻƺӿֳһεġơΧ޷ԶһƬɳ
ë۾һʱϲشСӣ𣿡
ջ̤롮ơĴˡҶǳҲ¶Цݡ
غ;ᵽڣһֱڸơϧûʲôջ
ֱνܵɽɽķƣ
ҲҶǳĻۻѾ˾غ;ᣬټôʱĻۣԲź״̬˷ơ
ҶֵܣˣˣһΪʲô顣ʱ˹˵
˵ز˾ɽǰĹǻңȻ뿪Ҷǳ˵漴ڵϣɽĹǻҡ
ҲŰæ˽ɽĹǻ·ãȻҵʱĹң˳Ĺ˳ȥ
ǳʱ򣬷ʯǧܵѾ뿪ˡ
ǼһӦǿаˣˡ˵
֪ʹĹˣǰ׷һ򣡡ҶǳЩơ
ߣȻȥɣô˵а꣬ҲΪһˡЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦǰһˣȴǰһˡ
һΣҶǳջܴ󣬱Ͼ˷ƣʲôﶼȲϵġ
ңë˵ֻҪˡơԴһǿս
ڣڴﵽҪˡ

ɽӳǣһҿջУҶǳαװԭģ
Ҷǳʵʲô㣿
뿪˵أ£أҪȥ³ǣμѧԺĿ𣿡ЩѲЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵һҪѧԺġ
ĿȻûиı䣬Ҫ콾֤ӢǸ񶾵Ů˿
ʵ츳ѧԺԺ㹻ˡ˵գ˵лĻһȥ³ǿ㡣
ƵʱҪڵ̯ƭˡҶǳЦ
ҲЦ
ȻʶãȴһҲˡ

Ҷǳص˳
һܼұ㼱ҴܹˣһЦҶˣĺҪˣϽȥɡ
ʱɫѽҲѹܼôż
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵˼е鵢ˣǰ·ɣھ͸ơ
˵ʵһľҶǳԼЩ˼顣
̶һڣͽʶȤ֮ˣȻֽɽĹأһ͵Ĺɽѡ
ȻһջҲǺܴģΪҶǳˡơ
ܹսˡơѾҶǳ԰ٷ̤֮ս磬Ϊսʵļʶˡ
ҶЩչҩģ˼ĽҲֻ࣬չЩˡȽ³ǣһӱչЩҩġ
ܼһ߸Ҷǳǰ·һ߽һöռָݸҶǳ
ΪһλĹܼңȻȱֵͼĿռָ
Ŷô죿ǾͶлܼˡҶǳӹöռָ漴̽ȥ϶ʱ¶ϲɫ
Ϊҩв٣㹻Ƴʮ¯Ԫˡ
ԪһרŸսǿǿΪĵҩ൱ֻǿˣ۷嵤ҩֻгΪ߼ʦƵĳ
ҶǳȻмʦĿػֶѾﵽ˸߼ʦĳ̶ȣӵ̫𣬾мӳңԼӦÿƳԪ
ԪүͿԽսˡë˷ܵĴ
ĿǰǶս۷壬һһŹԪԿ̤ս硣
ҲΪ˵ܹ̤ս𡣡ҶǳҲܸˣһսڣüŹԪȫп̤ս硣
Ͼڳս磬ùԪЧá
ȳΪмսڸ߼սԪЧˡ

ܼңҶǳѩס
ʱѩѾڴϣɪɪȻǺѾʼˡ
Ҷǳʱ򣬶ʱ¶Цݡ
˼õˡҶǳæ˹ȥסѩ֣Ȼ߶̫𣬰ѩѹסڵĺ
ѩʱеůģҲû֮ǰĺоˣЦûϵҪ鷳Ҷˡ
Ǻǣ֮ͣˡҶǳЦЦܼҸôҩģæҲӦõġ
һԵܼҿѩްʱ˿漴Ц˵Ҫ˵ǹүľˣҲҶˡҪ֪ХֵطǺҶҲû˸ˣԵ֡
ǺǣȷԵ֣ҶǳЦЦ漴ܼңʵܼң׼ʲôʱȥ³ǣ
ҶģѾͳˣѾ׼սǾͳԲᵢҶμѧԺĿˡܼЦ˵
Ҷǳһʱˣѩﵢ̫ʱ䣬ϾҪ³ȥμѧԺĿˡ


103 ׷罣
峿ʯ۵ȷѾ׼սѩһȥ
ȥ³ǲμӿ˵ʯǧܣȴʱ£ûˡ
ңҶǳʯ۵ɫ̫ÿѩʱǿЦ⣬ʱ˸
ӦǸаǸЩˡҶǳ뵽
ΪʯۺʯǧܸǵˣȥɽĹף⸸ͺ͵ûϵֻǴаѧһƤëѡ
ңаҲΪҪʵѪŴǻֻʱǰˡ
ڣаͻȻȥǵȻЩźˡ
ϾаȻûлָʵҲǿɻܾսǿڡôһǿͻȻˣܲܵǣ
ԣʯǧܶǰѧԺļƻ
⸸׼ȵ͵һʱ䣬粨ȥ֮˵

սС
ҶǳԼƹԪⵤҩȻ۷弶𣬵̫𣬻Ƴˡ
һ¯ֻŵҩƳ¯һ¯ǳɹġ
ҶǳҩֻƳʮ¯Ԫֻ¯ɹˣõĿŹԪ
Сӣүһţ
ëһҶǳƳԪһš
Ϳڶս۷壬ʱȲһŹԪϾͽս硣
ʣµŹԪҶǳԼҲһţȻ۾ʼ
ܿ죬ҶǳΪһս۷徳硣
ЧҶǳ۾ԼΪʱϲɫ
ǵȻڲһսʹֵҩЧȻܴ󡣴˺ⵤҩЧˡë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷһŹԪ
һΣΪһս۷壬ֻǾսˡ
һӦÿ̤սˡҶǳ漴һŹԪڴ˵
ȻŹԪ֮Ͼͽ˶ս硣
һǿϢҶǳͷųòԶë˵ԶԶġ
СӣսսȵսˡүޣȻһˡëһĽʺޡ
ӵ֮壬ﵽս֮ڵսҲֻ൱ս
ڣҶǳһˣȴѾ׷ҶǳֻǶսء
֪Ҷǳ츳Ѿ׳Խˡ
ҪǣҶǳлƽ֮ƣ⻹ûд򿪣Ѿӵв״ƽ֮ţӵеս͸ӿˡ
ֻǣﵽ˶ս磬ҶǳҲûܴƽ֮š
ʱѾ԰ƽ֮ƿһˣͷųĴȻҲӵĶˡ
ڵңս£ӦûҵĶˡ
Ҷǳŵ˵
սҶǳڻǵ֡
ΪսѾǸ߼սˣԶԶǿսҶǳڿԿġ
ǵȵҶǳ̤ս磬аտս
СӣڵʵټѾ˷ƣүڿԴŵؼ۷弶Ľսˡ
ʱë΢Ц˵
ŶҶǳʱˣæ˵Žսʲô֣Σ
׷罣һλλҲ˷ƣŽսʺˡСڵؼսУǿһеġëһŵ˵
ͬʱԼ֮ȡһ飬ͬĹϺͲƣȫ
Ҷǳӹϸۿ׷罣ȷһԲ磬ôĽͬһ죬ޱȡ
СӣŽսĺģٶˣųƿ׷աܹԲ磬ô˶㽣ӰӣټСӱӵǿʹսǿ󡣡ë˵
Ҷǳ׷罣֮󣬺ȻüͷëŽսȷǿ󣬲صٶȣӦʺʹһЩĽɣȴʹؽ֮䰡
СӣȷܶԣŽսҲһ㣬Ǿصٶ棬
ëЦЩǿ߷ǿĽٶٿ죬޷ķһûáԣΪֲһȱ㣬үϣؽ׷罣һ㲻ٶȿ죬Ҳǿˡ
ؽ׷罣ѶҲ̫𣿡ҶǳЦ
ͺñȱһʯͷѧӾѶϵǧٱ
ٺ٣С츳ôߣ˲ܳɹǱүȴһԳɹġëٺЦ
԰ɣҶǳ˵ͷ
ëĻ⣬ҶǳҲ׷罣ȱ㡣
ԣҲֲȱ㡣
һŽսУӳӿµ

ϵӣˡ
ϾΧˮֻܴڴϣҲȥá
ȻҪǳΪսܷݵأˡ
ҶǳûľΪ
٣Ҷǳʼ׷罣ˣҲյġ
ϣҶǳѩƣ׷罣
ë˵ĲŽսȷʺķƣԷǳɵս֮Уʹˡ
ؽ׷罣ȴ˲Ѷȡ
̶̰µʱ䣬ҶǳѾ׷罣Сɾ磬ԭٶӦ÷ǳġ
ΪҶǳʹõǺصؽԣصԼٶȡ
ֻҶǳ˵ģ˿ĽѾﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
٣սҦ£ѾҶǳĽˡ
ڣҶǳҪǺҦд裬һɻһҪķѶ
ǵؼ۷սŴﵽСɾ磬Ѿ˿ˡҶǳ뵽
Ҷǳ֮̾ʱԱߵëСӣһ죬ǾҪˡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷԶȻ½صӰӡ
ڵĴ٣죬Ǿܿˡ
ֻҪ˰ǵǰٶȣһݾִܵ³ˡҶǳĿ뵽
ͬʱ뵽˰콾
ȻѧԺĿˡ

սٺУһ֮ǾͿˡ
ϣѾ˵õϢһȺˣۼڴˣǰӭѩ
Ϊ׵һȻһˣҶǳ˼꣬ȻȺ˵ͷˣɼݵλǳĸߡ
ҶǳѯҦ£Ҧ磬˭
ҶλǶĻ١ϳǣҲǵ֮ӡҦη˵
٣
֮ӡţǲиŮãҶǳûʲô٣ȴ֪Ϊ콾λүǺųƵ
콾δޣá
ϢҶǳǴ޸֪ġ
ǰǵ֮ӣ񲻾콾Ĵ˸磿
Ҷǳɵ۾һС


104 ֮
ԭҶҲ֪ÿǵ顣ˣҶ԰ɣ콾ǰѾÿˣǵĳ
ҦЦ˵
ҶǳЦûдˣǰϳǵˣ콾Ĵ˸硣
ҶǳãԺҲΪˣϾԷ콾Ĵ˸磬϶վ콾һߡ
漴ҶǳЦʵҦ磬Ǻ˽Ⱑܸϸ˵˵𣿵µ۹һүΣϳǣΪղֽ٣
ν֪֪˷ܰս
ҶǳСκһˣȻԷпܳΪԼĵˣȻҪյ˵ϢʱҲӦԡ
£ѩܼںϳĵĺܻȣҦҲû£ͺҶǳһߣһš
˵Ҷµ۹˽ĺ٣ɣҸϸ˵һµ۹θ֣Լǿߵ
ǾͶлҦˡҶǳʱһϲ
Ҧ΢΢һЦ˵ûʲô˵ģڵ۶һˣ
˵գҦ¼˵µ۹λߵģ϶˻ˣоѧԺԺѧԺԺܵ͵һֱڱչ֮Уսʵʵ˾ηˡ
˻֮ӣֱǴӡӡӣĻӣҪô̫СҪôΪ̫ĸ̫Ժλ档
֮⣬µ۹һү֮Уλүλߣʵǿ˾Ǻųơʵ¡λүֱǡʡϵ¡

Ҧһ˵꣬Ҷǳʱоǰһµ۹ĸ֣ˡ
ֻǣҶǳû뵽콾ͷô󣬾ȻүеĶһλ
ʣ֧֣콾ڵʵҲ֪ﵽʲô̶ȡ
ΪʲôҪϳΪ٣ΪϳǻеˣߣԴҶ١Ҧ漴˵
٣ҶǳʵٵУϳ֮⣬λǣ
٣Ǵӡӡӣλǡʵ¡ĸܳĶӣˣΪǻţԲű˳Ϊ١Ҧ½͵
Ҷǳʱˣе߸ˣµ۹Ļʶ
֮䣬Ѿ뿪ͷ
ܼҼҴ˹Ҷǳ˵ҶɫˣѩĺҪˡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷ˿ɫȷǿˡ
ΪǵִﰶߵʱʵѾǰˡ
ܼң𼱣·ɣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴תͷҦ£˵Ҧ磬Ҿ뿪ˡ
Ҷ룬ĲҪҦæ˵
ҶǳЦЦ漴ܼңǰ޳
޳֮󣬶ȵһˣмʮͷֱһƶķ
޳ҶǳǵһμȻ³ǵĴүҲֻǲĳֻ
Ҷǳܼң׼޳ʱȴסˡ
վסⲻԽȥĵطʿɫ䣬ս浲ǰֹҶǳĽ롣
ܼæ˵£Ҷǹģǧðˡ
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ܼҺݺݵʿһۣ漴ǸضҶǳ˵ҶԵƬ̣ȥ֪ͨ
ûϵҶǳ˵
Ҳֻ֪ܼһܼң˻˼
ϳǵ֮ӣǻ٣λҲѩˡңҪѩܳĻϳǡ
ԣһܼңϳǷ
Լһյʱ䣬һŮʿ˵үȥ
ʿԣʱеսȻɫضҶǳ˵Խȥˡ
ҶǳһЦøʿƽϡ
ôˣܽȥ
ҪһЩ鷳ˡ
Ҷǳǰ׳գܼβģϳô᲻֪֪ˣ˹еζԶ
ѵ콾ң
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ȥ֮Ҷǳŷ֣޳ӵݻ
ڿռǳ޴ܶɳһ޳
мһӣ˸ָˮ;ˮ
ʱϳǺѩţ˶ʮŮڷ̡
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ҶǳܹóѩܼҵɫЩѿȻղĳּҵĽ档
ϳǣҶǳʱһ˫ʱɨ˹һЦѩ㲻ڸҿЦɣ˵ëûгСӣһֱβǸҽ
ѩɫʱѿŭ˵ϳǣ˵㣬ô˵ҶӾңҵľˡ
ëûɣܹεúùĲҪ֪Ĳ˻ʱʦҽҽβãŶ󣿹϶ǱƭˡϳЦ
˵һ㶼ûѩѩܼ־ŭȴκβá
һԵҶǳʱȻ˵ϳүϲëˡ
ѩܼһ뵽ϳǸڵĻʱˣЦ
˵ʲôϳԴŭɵȵ
û뵽һСȻҲҷԼҲ̫˼ˡ
Ҷǳȴһ㲻£˵ôѵϳүëҲûг𣿡
⻰ϳôش
ѵش˵ԼëѾˣⲻЦ
ϳǶʱǺɫҲضҶǳСӣ͵ܹƭȴƭҡ˰ҰСȥˡ
ৣ
ʿʱ˽Ŀ⣬Ҷǳңγս˸ˡ
ĸʿȻսĸ֣ȻʿУھӢǾ١
Ҷǳ࿴սûб
һӰͻȻǰηֱŶʿ
㡭Ҷǳһ㶣ͬʱЩжΪѩԥصǰ
֮ǧ֮ղȴеԥûС
ϳǺܼҶЩ𾪡
ϳǸǾŭӣȵѩʲô򵶽ۣ˵Ͳˡ
ϳǣҪǲҲɱˡߣţȻȥ֮Ҿ͸˵˵ŵָңҿҪ췴ˣҪɱҸʶˡ
ѩߵ
ҶǳЩ죬Ĺ˿̾ȻƱһƵģ֮䣬â¶оЩ˼顣
ϳ֮Ȼоŭʿȥæ͵ˡҲǵ㱻ƭԲЩ³çˡȻСӣҾͷһɡ
ˣϳڿҶǳʱȴһ˿ɱ⡣
һʼֻǿҶǳЩ˳۰ˣڣһ˿˳۾ͱɺˡ


105 ϳǵ
ϳǽ֮󣬱ϸ뿪ˡ
췴ұ
˻һ죬˭췴Ǿ
㱻ˣҲ·һ
Ҫǣһѩô˵ˣ˻ѩģģ
ţ׶վŮߵİɡ
ʱϳǾûʲôΣգҲһˡ
ԣϳǾЩֻʵˡ
ѩ״һԵܼ˵ܼңȥҦ´ſڣûҵ˭ҴҪд̹ɱ⡣
ǣܼҹص˳ȥ
ҶǳЩȵؿѩͰϳ赲ˡҪϳǸӲҦȻסȴơʱϳǾɱ˹ĻҪд̹·ϣ췴Ĵˡ
أϳǻô
һĹȻǣԼǰǿˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ʱѩѾϳǵЩŮֻԼŮź
ҶӣҸоڵĻЩ춯ˡѩҶǳ˵ɫЩߺ졣
Ҷǳϰˣ˹ȥѩ£ץסѩ֣ʼѹѩڵĺ
ҶӣǾҳǸ̫ˣȻѩЩŵؿҶǳ˵
ҶǳЦҹϵӣ⽣ӰϣĳǸŻӵİȫ
ϲǰңڵңѩ˵
˵꣬СͨһƬ
һԵŮ͵Цš
Ҷǳȴһ㶣ɵҲ֪ѩʲô˼
ɵСӣСѾͷĿˡүû˵ɣСӽˮ¥̨ȵ£ӿԱ˹ˡëЦ
ҶǳпЦûЩϾźѩʶһµʱ䡣
ңУӰһЩ
ҶǳҲѩģֻתƻ⣺ǰѩڵѩʵֻһ˶ѡ
ܹصлش
ѩܴжʱ¶һ˿ʧһ˿ʧҲ̫󣬱ϾҶǳҲûȫܾ
£ѩһЦ˵Ҷ磬ԺԽҶ𣿡
ţҶǳ˵ͷЩЦ治֪ô졣
ܾɣֲġ
ֲܾܴӦ
ֻ˳Ȼˡ
ëǺɣЦŴСӣҿ㻹ǰȫ˰ɣ˻ʲǧ󹬼СӶȢһҲûʲô˵ġ
ҶǳȴҡҡͷǴӵģһһƣеһء
ң˵Ҳ̫ˣУĿǰΪҪ


һ޴޳Уϳŭؽǰϵˮ;ˮһƵأҳǰŮǴҹȥ
Ůǣʱһֵ˳ȥ
ϳһԵʿ˵ȥ飬Сӵʲô·
ѩҵֻܰйҶǳˡ
ңҶǳײѾģҲֻǻϽͰˡ
ܿ죬ϳǾͲ鵽Ϣ
ǴҦµ鵽ģȻҦ²͸¶йҶǳϢôˣ˻ѳֲסϳǸˡ
ֻǣҶǳҦ˽Ҳࡣ
ԣϳҲֻ֪Ҷǳдְ̹æȻҶǳǳ֣ѩ˲顣
оҶǳҲҪȥѧԺμӿˣ
ϳЩȵ÷콾ûҶǳСӣҲһ֮ɣϾļǿУҲûСҶҵĴڡ
ʱҶǳϳǵУͳһ֮ûʲôֵעıҲɶˡ
Ȼ֮ӵݣҶǳʲôҲ
ߣϸСӣӹ޳г֪ͨҡϳ漴һԵʿԸ
ǳһĨЦΪй㣬Ҿκβ㣬ߣ

ҹȻڸ·
ϳǴľӱһ·ϸûʲôΣգǰٶҲˡ
һҹʱ䣬ת۾͹ȥˡ
ڶ̫ӶʱҶǳӹ޳˳صԼ޳׼Ϣ
ʱҲͣʼԷ
ҶǳոջصӣûϢƬ̣һϤֱ޳洫˽
Сӣҹϳǵ
Ҷǳüͷһ˲ˣɵһЦ
С߲ƣҪ鷳ë
ҶǳߵȻһˣͲһţ콾ζͶˣߡ
һսѣʲôƣҲСӵĶ֡ëԵúɣҶǳʵǳš
֮ͬ䣬Ҷǳûжˡ
ҶǳҲţ˳ɫϳǣʱЦףⲻǳëϳү𣿲֪Ҷĳкιɣ
ʲôгëϳү
ϳһ⻰ʱûðɣŭȵСӣΪйţҾͲɱ𣿡
ʵڱˣҶǳУ˷ڵɱ⡣
ôҪɱƵҽҪĲһҲò𣿹Ȼ㻹Ҫ췴Ҫ·ϡҶǳһЦȻ֪ϳ鷳ģȻ
ϳݺݵضҶǳɭСӣ͵ֻǲ֪ϵĹΣ˵СҲҪȥμѧԺĿˣ԰ɡ
ΣҶǳ˵
¸㣬ҾѧԺ֮һҪܹŹʮУʸѧԺ޷ŹʮУȰ㻹Ǵʹȥ³ǿɲӭСϳһ
Ҷǳ۾һУû뵽ϳүȻѧԺô˵Ҫս𣿡
ߣʲôʸֵսϳԼЦֻǾã䵽ʱ򱻸ϳѧԺȿʵõʱۡ
ϳүɣҾ档ʮ̫ˣаɡ޷֮ڻ㣬Ҿ뿪˵أҶǳЦ˵
ϳŭЦǿȻ֮ڻңôĿΪսת𣿡
ǲǿϳү¾֪ˡҶǳ˵գеĺڽѾսĹע֮£õĹâ
ϳйâһһѺ˸սؿҶǳߵãҵҪʲô£Ȼ֮ڻҡ
ߣҶǳһûмϻһϳǣڵսױһǿȥΧĵ涼һ
ϳɫһ䣬ܵһǿϢжʱЩ𾪣û뵽ҶǳʵȻôǿ֣ȫһеսݺݵҶǳ
䣡
ڰײһǿϯ
Ҷǳ˿Щȵؿϳǣû뵽Ȼ˾أ
ϳǴʱѾǹǿʮ˼ؿҶǳ𾪵ôôǿ


106 ˻
أ
ҶǳԾ̫Ϥˣϳʹþ֮͸ӦˣʱЩȡԷѹֳΪѧԺ;˾أȷš
ߣڸ̤սʱ򣬾Ѿ˾ءûأôӵôǿϳǰȻһЦ漴ɻؿҶǳΪҶǳղŲûʹþأȴȫѹסˡ
ΪҶǳڵս̫ˣȻŶս𣬵ڵսѾսϳǵȻĶ֡
Ϊ̫ˣʣУҪ׼ˣҶǳһЦеĺڽٶȱ貵ĹâһɳҵĽ˺ѳգңңնϳǡ
һʼҶǳֻΪϳֻͨĶսûȫֻ֣һ
Ȼ֪ϳѾ˾أȻˡ
һҶǳڵսȫУһǿĽ˺գƥľâǱĺ⣬öϳǶɫһ䣬вһɺ⡣
ǿսһֻһս𣿡ϳ˼飬һæ߶ڵսʹþأ˼ޣݺһӭҶǳĺڽ
䣡
һײһ𣬱˴̶ıըΧ˹ۿ
ϳ׼ǰ֣սĵطΧһȦ谭˵Ĺ
ѩܼˣҲ޷ֻɵۡ
ǸʲôȻҪ췴𣿡ܼվѩǰϳǵŭȵ
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ϳǵæ͵ϳǽںҶдԣµۣԲڴغ򡣵д֮󣬹ٽȥҲ١
ѩԣʱˡ
ǳϳѧԺʵǳǿ󣬷ҲܳΪеһԱ
ҪȥõϳǶ𣿿ÿܼŭȵ
ϳǵǸá
ѩܼȻֲ˹ǣֻܽصȺš
ڴʱһսͻȻ˳һӲ˲ԶĿյϡ
ϳүսͻȻһϳǵ¾š
һǿ˵ǺεҪ
ս֮УԶ
ôܣϳǽѵܸ
ܣϳǽѧԺͳ֮ͬ䣬м˿һսҶǳҲֻһսѡ
սȷϳǽս
ϳǵ۷׷ףһ𾪲ѣҲ˲ѩæźȥ
ѩȴ¶ϲɫɵܴϳеսˣǿ϶ΪʵҶǳ
˵ûɣϳȻҶĶ֡һԣҦµЦʼնҶǳΪҶǳдǳҶǳǿ
ҶȻͬϳǣ츳ѧԺԺǾԲⰡܼҲ̾
Ƚȥ˵ѩߴٵлһ˿ǡ
ΪϳǰܸҶǳ֮󣬻߳ŭµʿһΧɱҶǳ
һҲǰȥ

ʱһƬǽĿյϡ
ϳؿڣϥڵϣѪ𾪺Ͳ˼ؿҶǳ
ûеУڶУͰˡ
ܵû˿ҿԣܵûκɡ
Ҷǳջһƾͱղһˡ
һϳǵĴ̫ˡ
ϳλл٣ѾѧԺѡΪȻܸͬһСӣҲġ
ϳ۾ͨ죬ʡ
Сͽʳټ츳ˣһ·˵˹ûʧܹһΡ
ҪǰܸһţҲôܡ
Ҷǳ˭
һСطո߳СӶѣͬ콾ûҶǳɼҶǳҲֻһ֮
һӵϣȻӵгԽǿ츳ϳܹܣ
ضҶǳг˷ڵɱ⡣
ڴʱЩǣҲӵһγսϳǵΧһػϳǣһߺݺݵصŶҶǳ
ϳֻ֪ҪһϾͿΧɱҶǳ
ν˫ȭѵ֣ҶǳʵǿôսʿΧסҲֻ·һ
ѩܼǣѾ׷ˡ
ϳ֪޷ɱҶǳˣֻеɱ⣬ǿҶǳУȻԹɭȻ⡣
ԴˣҶǳһ˿衣
һ㲻ʲôǵ֮ӣԵĸкܶ࣬ҵñ־衣Ҷǳ뵽
ûаϳǷȴ޷ϳǱ
Ǹ߼սжǿߣǾԿһ
ϳ붯һ߼սҶǳڿԿġ
ҶǳҲ£ֻҪѧԺҲ޾塣
ΪΪѧԺѧҪܵѧԺı
˭ɱѧԺѧǾѧԺΪУҪѧԺԺ
˻֮⣬˭ѧԺԺ
˻ʣҲҪ˼С
Ҷ磬û°ɣѩһ·Сܶ´Ҷǳź͵֮ɫ
ⲻװģҶǳܸжЦ˵û¡
ѩԣʱ˿ͬʱһ˫ĿԶϳǣȵϳǣһ㶼ΪֻǸʵ˽Ůܳɣ
ˣϳǲҡϳæ˵ȴǳίսܵˣҶǳѹû£ȻҪܹŭ
ѩɲϳǵίӻȡһɫƣ߸߾ɢҵĹâ
һ˲䣬һɺƴƥĻʵ֮֮ϯ˶С
ǡҶǳɫһ䣬Ϊܵһǿѹⲻϵѹϵѹ
ҶǳھͺоԼһɽޱѹ֣һǿϢѹš
Сӣǻʵ֮˻ʵϢëѶҲܵѹ֣Ҷǳõ㣬Ͼǰսǿޱȡ
ϳǣȴֱֱѩеĽɫƣֻ۾ɵϴţ˻
ϳǵһ𺳡
˻£ϳ췴𣿡ѩȵ
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ö˻ɻʺƹܣ˻ͬ˻ʣϳǵĸ׵ˣǶҪϥء
Դӻʺȥö˻Ҳ˻
˻ڲ²⣬ö˻䵽˭С
ϳôҲû뵽ö˻ȻѩС
һ˲䣬ϳ֪Լˣķǳףλѩǲܳ裬ѾķϷˣ˻еĵλ»ڴӡӡ֮ϡ


107 ³
ҿҶ磬ǾͱҲˡѩſڵϵϳǣٴνȵ
ϳǴҴһʹһ»ˡ
ΪһԱϳǷǳö˻ãɲֻǴ˻ô򵥡
Ϊö˻֮У̺˻ʵȫһֻص׵ˣҲ˲䱻ɱġ
˻ʵʵɲ⣬û֪ﵽ˼սʣǿȴӹɡ
Դµ۹û˸ð˻ˣսҲҡ
ϳǿɲΪһ˻ˡ
ʱѾˡ
ڲдԣѩأʣ²˶ʱ䣬˻ҲѪϵŽӵ³ڣǿѩ
Ͼ˻ʷǳѩĻôѩôꣿ
ڿЩˣ˻ŮѩȻ˻ˣöƳ˻ʺչӡӺҲûʸ񰡡

صӵϳǣһ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ѩôܳ裬Ҳðѩһúðͽᡣ
ʱɻڴָտɴˡ
ںˣѾѩ²õӡҪѩԺ˻ǰһ״͵ŵùˡ
ϳǰһжҶǳϡ
СӣҲѩϳ뵽Ҷǳ뵽Լսܵĳ裬жʱԹͷڵɱ⡣
ѩڣҲκβҶǳ
ֻܵȴʱˡ
ϳɭЦҶǳҵţȵ³ǣеǰ취ѵ㡣
³ĴӪֻҪص³ǣѩշҲаսѵҶǳ
ϾѩҲʱʱҶǳԱߣʱеǻᡣ

˳Թ֮󣬶ǰС
ǰ治Զǰ³ˣ³³ǵŻԲŽ³ǡ³ǣһʱ䣬ִܵ³ˡ
Ҷǳϳһս֮󣬱صԼ޳
ΪҶǳҪѩƣû˸ҴҶǳ
Դѩ˻֮ϳǾʵ˺ܶ࣬Ҷǳ鷳ÿÿѩ֮ɫҲû֮ǰŰˡ
ϳǰı仯Ҷǳɵø̾˻ʵǿ
ɷ򣬵˰Ҷǳ̾
սʶѣڱүǰҲֻһֻϡëԵòмһˡ
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ԽҪԽԽӴʱ͵һЩˡ
˵ŨıأиָĵҩԼָĵر
ΪʲôܶŶҪѧԺ
ΪѧԺӵԴѧԺĽرһأһ죬൱ʮĹЧ
УѧԺԺŨ
Ҷǳ뵽콾ѾԺˣټϵԴ֧֣Ҳ֪ڴﵽʲô硣
˵ʵҶǳʵеѹ
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콾ҪʦʦҪԴԴҪбأƴ̫ˡ
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Ҷǳû٣ԼȻš
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۷׷ס
ʱϳǵ޳һͬӣһȻ
ǰ³ǳĶӣҲһٶֻǲϳǵݸ߹
ʱڰͽϳǣЦǺǵ٣ǰӭѩˣǼˣڿ϶ˡ
ϳһЦҪûеѩһ˵ȷˡ
һ뵽ϳǶҶǳ͸ʹˣͻȻ˵֪ҪȥѧԺ츳ֻҪҰһ飬ҾͰѧԺΣ
٣С㣬ѧԺĹأһģ˻ʵȻĻҲѧԺЭ
һȷҪѧԺϾѧԺкܶŮֻҪ㱧ϼȣܷɻڴˡ
Ҳ֪ѧԺĹأ׵ġ
ٺ٣˸㣬÷콾ѾѧԺԺΪ״ˡԺ˱չأֻҪ÷һ仰ǼԺҲֻһֻ۱һֻ۵ģѧԺһ仰顣ϳһ˵
ʲô콾ȻԺΪʦˣ𾪡
ѧԺԺǿһսʰµ۹λ˻ʡ
ңҶƲ⣬˻ѾˣԪʱµ۹ĴȨƾѧԺԺˡ
ѧԺԺ췴սʵݣ㲻Ϊ˻ʣʹ˻ʵȨ
ʱ˭Ϊʦ
ֻǣѧԺԺͽҪ̫ˣѧԺԺǼ콾ûϡ
ڣ콾ȻԺ״ӣܲ𾪣
ϢҪǴ˳ȥµ۹Ҫڵġ
٣ɵ棿Щ˵Ҫ콾ĳԺ״ӣôһ仰пѧԺ
ϳǵЦȻ÷ȻƫԶС츳֮ߣԶԺǼ콾ԲűԺ˿ء
ǵ۹콾ʱ򣬵͵һ֣콾Ϊȼսˡʱ塣
ϳǵعЦ


108 Ӳ
٣˵ɣֻҪĳõһȫԸ漴˵ΪܹѧԺԲֶΡ
ϳ΢΢һЦ漴ƿ޳ĴָŲԶҶǳ޳˵޳һҶǳСӣֻҪҾ÷콾㡣
Ҷǳ˭ЩʵҲǰ׳գҪɱˣһô˵һҪɱˣǿҪǣġ
ĺˣСûʲôֻһСϳһں˵
Ȼ˵٣ɲҪңǿżɽĺáСûʲôֶΣõҰæ
ʵ˵˰ɣСڰ·ϰѩæԵõѩշѩڣҸκβãңʵҲܲҲǶ֡ǰ³ǣֻҪʿɱ׾١ϳ˵һҶǳݣȻĻδظҶ֡
٣ҲǶ֣Сʲô𣿡ȵ
ϳɫһֻǶսǿʵսʿʱǲһλսһʧ
ֻһҾ͵ѩˣ˻ôҵЦ
ϳߵҪѧԺǲܵģ˵ʿʱʿڹѩ˵ʲô
ðɣҴӦˣ٣Ӧҵ飬һҪסƬ̣յ˵ͷ
Ϊ˽ѧԺƴһѡ
ٺ٣ģֻҪɹ飬ҾԲʳԵġϳЦ˵
⻰û˵٣ϾƭôԺ˭£

³ǣ
³ǳѾ׼ᣬһΣҶǳҲ˹ȥѩصطԸģ³ǳҲֹ
ҶǳˣΪᣬǰ³ǳѩƨ
ëһ˷ܣڴسԣһֻҶǳʳ
һԻҶǳֹ
ëСӣүþûгԵôʹˣСӾһ⵰㣬үԲһٺõġ
ҶǳʱһЦȷһ⵰ϵǵǮƣǴϽġ
һ·ϣҶǳΪʡǮǿԼԳԷ
Ϊ³ǣסûǮҶǳȻʡŵ㡣
Ǯ֮ҶǳҲں
ϾʵǸֻҪʵǿˣõŵĳԷס
ˣǽҶǳҲʼسˣʼëʳ
ߣУ
Զϳһм֮ɫ
һԵ״ʱϳǵĻ˲٣һҶǳ֪࣬ǳԴˣûʲôԡ

֮Ҷǳ뿪˳ڰ³ǹ
³ǿ³ǣԷǳķ٣ȫظ̶ӣҪ³ǣȻٽ³ǡ
ԣ³ǵҵ³ǵİ£Ҳ䷢
СӣǰǸ䱦ҩģҪǵõˣԪˡͻȻëָǰһ̴
ҶǳԿЦ䱦ĲҵӵеҩĵȻֻ࣬ûǮ򡣡
ߣҪǱүǰΪֱӾˡëߵ
ҪǰΪõЩҩ𣿡ҶǳȻʧЦ
ëҡҡͷ̾
һһ䱦ǰ
ͻȻһӰҶǳ߼ٳŲԶһӴȥ
λסҵǮ󷽣˴
ҶǳһӾͲش˳ȥ׷ȥ
һ׷Ҷǳʱǰ˵ٶȺܿ죬ΪȻҪǿ
ӵսΪõС͵Сӣ㴳˵ˡë
ҶǳʱҲˣͣסӣ׼ء
ȻһӰסӵڡ
ͬʱӵܣһ˳֣һֳսҶǳ
ɱӳȥռ䡣
һרҶǳġ
ϳ𣿡ҶǳЦ³ǣܵʲôˣֻϳǵĿ
ɱЩ˸û˵һ仰ֱӳҶǳΧɱֺ飬ɱˡ
ʿ
ҶǳһӾ֪Щ˵ݡ
ֻʿŻ˱飬ΪһȺŵĿܡ
ɱ˻
ЩʿΪǵǵսڰ³ǣܹǿʿֻа³ǳˡëߵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ӦϳָʹģϾҺͰ³ǳԩ޳ûҪԸҡ
ɱɣһȺ׷罣ëЦ
ҶǳҲһĨЦеĺڽ㻯ΪϵոЩʿ
׷罣
ҶǳеĺڽͻȻһɫ磬ϵȺ˸һɱʿɱ
ͣ
Ǻڽʿ
̫ˡ
Ҷǳĺڽ쵽һӰΧЩʿûзӦ£Ѿǡ
һʿҶǳĽ£ɺѪҺʳȥȾ档
С棬ѪϢ
СӣСģͻȻëѡ
ҶǳҲӦһǿԼ󷽴ɱ䣬·˵ؽѡ
һ˲䣬Ҷǳԥغ俪˻ƽ֮ţ˲ʩչժ֣ƥĴ͵رһɺӿȥ
䣡
һ
󷽣һ˼ȻӲҶǳӡĵһɿֲҶǳͷ¡
ս
Ҷǳɫһ䣬Ҳֻսӵµս
ʣһսʿ
ʱҶǳҴ⣬ء
һúڽʩչ׷罣һʩչժ֣Ķãӭȥ
Ҷǳڣƽ֮ŲϵӿĴϵϢԽԽǿ
䣡
䣡
Ҷǳ˵սǳңÿһײֲܵķݶݻˡ
ǽµĵϣһѷ죬Ŀġ
ɱ
ҶǳһսⱬȻԽսԽǿ
һ·ʿǿĵˡ
һս÷ǳʹ죬ֱǳ죬ȫսױˡ
Ҷǳĵƣһһչ֣̫𣬻ժ֣ǻƽ֮ţȫˡ
ЩƣʹҶǳڶս磬ǰսһս
ҪǴ˳ȥµ۹Ҫ𾪡
սվǸ߼ս磬սʵ̫ǿˡ
ҶǳȻܹ֣ȴѾǳǿˣڵʵսվǲһ㡣
ȻҶǳƵ޵ʱ׷罣ȴͻˣﵽ˴ɾ硣
ɣ
Ҷǳ˷ܵ˻š
ﵽɾ׷罣ٶȿ쵽˼£绹Ҫ죬ȷ绹Ҫ졣
Ҷǳһٵ˺ѳգŶĺɱȥ
Ȼס˴뽣вٽ˼Ѫۡ
ҶǳҲܣһȥڵĴ˴룬Ѿʣˡ
ʱҶǳѩܼҺҦ£Ǵ˸ˡ
Ǹ˼״ʱȥʧӵ


 һ


109 
ȥ֮ҶǳʱһƨڵϣڴϢš
ͬʱ߶ʣս޸ϵơ
һսҲˣϾھս̫ǿˡ
һΣǹؼʱ׷罣ͻƵ˴ɾ磬ľΣˡ
Ҷǳ壬ǿޱȣֻһЩƤˣǺء
ǣҶǳװ˺صӣΪѩһȺѾˡ
Ҷ磬ô˭˳ӣѩҶǳˡӣʱʧɫæܹסҶǳ
ʵҶǳʱѾõĲˣʣµһƤˣǿɾָܻ
ʿҶǳ˵֪ѩܴһ仰㹻ˡ
ȻѩԣʱɷߵҶ㻹ǵһ³ǰɣôܵˣǲϳǣ
֪ʿʵǿһսġҶǳҡͷ
սѩԵһ漴һ£Լ硣
ȻҶǳʵҲһ
ܹսʿ˳ûˣߣѩ˵գ漴ؿԶҴһȺˡ
ǰ³ǵĳϳǣǴһˡ
һѩͻ˵Ҷǳ³ǳæʵû°ɣ
СӣȻţôܣԱߣϳǵ۾Ҷǳг֮ɫ
ԱߵҲǴˣš
Ƕһȥʿǿ󣬶һһսѹôܻʧܣ
صʿʬ壬еӡ
һ𺳡
Ҷǳʵţһֻһս
ΪʱڵϵʿкܶսսսҲв١
һȺʿԭӦú׾նɱһսŶԣôȫ
ϳǺҶǳж𾪺Ͳš
ѩʱҲǣĿ䣬ĿɷŰ³ǳŭȵû£汾βҶȴ£ӦöڲתǿҶֻش£ҹҲˡԣεϮȻԵֻҶӣʵԵҡ
³³ǵŻεȵҪ컯֮£Ȼᷢ飬кλ˵
ѩضŰ³ǳ
³ǳͷ󺹣ΪѾϳˣЩʿʿ
ѾµЩʿɳȥġ
ʱҲܽѵӦѩ˵
£³ǳæˡȷµʧ죬ģ±֤һ֮ھͲ֣á
ֻʱ䣬֮û֣Ͳõˡѩ˵漴Ҷǳȥ
˻ԸүУǳ³ȴ㹻ˡ
ѩҶǳһߣ³ǳϳǣԼ˵ɫʱˡ
ǰ³ǳݺݵصԼһۣߵҹл˵
һԵϳЩΣϾ¶ָʹģģ³ǳǴˣǣġ
ֻǣһǳսôǿʿȻûɱҶǳ
Ҷǳʵôǿ
ϳЩɡ
Ҫ˵Ҷǳʵе㲻š
һսǿôս⣿
콾츳Ҳ޷
ϳǶûмּš
ѵǿڱѩҶǳСӿѩĲԲű
ϳǺȻ뵽һֿܡ
Ȼ˻ʰ˻ѩˣôڰ˱ѩҲǺġ
ϾõϢЩ˲̫ϣѩص³ǡ
ڣѩȴƽˣ˵еȷڱѩ
뵽ϳг˼ʡ
Сӣã죬ȵ³ǣеǰ취㡣ϳɭЦ

ѩѹ£³ǳİЧʺܸߣѩǸջȥã³ǳѾһѪܵԴˡ
ܼȴѩ飬漴ɵüͷȵֶҲŵ㵣𣿡
ܼ֣ⲻȼһСôø³ǳæЦҪǰһĹܼңһҲ⡣ڣѩ˻ԣܼҲˮǴߡ
ڣϳǿܼңǰô߰ˣҪͿġ
ߣ
ܼһתصӣȥѩˡ
ѩ֮󣬿һԵҶǳ˵Ҷ磬ҪҪ
ãҶǳ˵ͷ漴ȥ鿴һ°³ǳǿѪԴǺǰսսʱ۾һУһ۰³ǳ˵ô
ǺǣҶӣϸֵӶԲԣɻʲôʣ³ǳЦǺ˵
ҶǳȴеһɺһЦص
Ҷĳ޻˵ҶǳһЦ漴ȥˡ
ѩŰ³ǳȵεҾˣǽҲ뿴Ƶ飬ĻҲˡ
ΪҶǳˡˡԣҪڰ³Ƕ졣
ģ죬һǿرұ֤Բٳ³ǳæ˵
˻ĹǲҶײֻ
Ϊ˻ʹ˻ʣ˵һССĳϵүˣҪѩ
ȥɣѩͷػ˻֡
³ǳʱظæȥˡ
ܼҿȥɵߵܹɳôǿʿ³ǣֻˡ
ҵȻ֪ѩ˵ͷ
ǹô׾ͷŹܼɻؿѩ
ѩЦȻ˻Ͼĵ̣ҪǱƼһǽô죿ңֲûӸҡ
˼ǣһжϳָʹģܼҲǱܿͲ³ˣϾϳǺҶǳìܣҲ
ѩ˵ͷߵͿϳǺڹᣬο¾ӣ˽Գֵġ
СӺôĵӣܼҶʱһŭ
ûôҶǳǵѩϾֻҶǳſԼѩĲ飬ȻϣҶǳ⡣
Ӳ󣬵ϳǣ˴Сţ϶ΪҶ츳ԲŰҶ硣ѩЩǵ˵³ǣϳǻǻҶǳ鷳ġ
ҲҶǳԱߡ
ͷİɣȵ³ǣ˻ڣϳҲֲʲôңҶӼȻܹκĲ˻ʱһģʱ˭۸ܼǿѩģȻ֪ѩ˼ɵЦ˵
ѩʱߺ


110 
ҶǳѾˣڸ׷罣
һսһսΣͷʹ׷罣õͻƣﵽ˴ɾ硣
ʱҶǳڽٶȿ쵽˼¡
ֽ٣õ˸ʰ·磬οҶǳߵؽһÿһ̺ǿ
СӣؽһǵˡëһԿţʱЦ
ҶǳڽЦؽһÿÿҵսȴʺ齣ģʲôʱҲһʺؽһս
ʺؽһսүȷв٣սȻǿ󣬵ٶȴУү㻹ǲҪ˷ʱĺáëҡͷ˵
ҲôΪҵǿǿˣʹҵսǿҶǳ˵
˵ľϾޣһŵؼ۷սѾ㹻ˣο㻹Ҫժ֣ʱٷսԣүžؿǣѡսë͵
ζսսʱҷҵûȫӳӵһʺؽһսҲҾܶԿһսˡҶǳ˵
һ㲻õģȵΪߵ㣬ʱںѩСѾͷڵĺһ¥ҲٶȱǡëЦ˵
ðɣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷô˵ëս𣬿϶öࡣ
£Ҷǳ׷罣
һݵʱܿ͹ȥˣҶǳġơҲȫָˣѩҲٴγǰ³ǡ
һ·оգʮ·̣ڿư³ǡ
³Ƿǳ޴һֻʷǰޣſںصĴϣעȺ
ͬʱǳ棬ҶǳܵǿϢЩϢ֮ǿľ
Ȼӵ̫̫ǿˡ
һĳǳˡëѵøпһ¡
ҶǳƲƲ죬³ǿս½ǳ֮һµ۹ųǿߵľۼء
˵ǿĴ̨
Ҷǳгڴ
Ҷ磬ȥݼˡѩ˹Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳŴһȺѾڵȴѩˣӦӭѩʹġ
ȽɣҸطסһ£ı£Ӧú׾ҵҡҶǳЦЦ
ҪȴһѧԺ˵Ϣ˵ʱӦÿ쵽ˣֻǲ֪ôμӣ
ҶǳէȻҪϸһ¡
Ҷ㱣ءѩ˵ͷ漴ϳǣųȥ
ҶǳҲŽˣ֮˴һڵء
³ǣز죬˴ѧԺ鶼С
ԶͰүᣬǿȥѯһ¡
³ǵֲǳҶǳһˣʵ·
˳ᣬҶǳʾһԼĳʦƣȻĹԱѯʰס
ҰĹԱЩȵؿǰҶǳ
Ҷǳͷɻô𣿡
ڣȻڣðѾΪ״ˡԱæ˵
ѣ鷳֪ͨһ˵иҶǳҶǳæ˵
ͬʱΪеˣΪ³ǵֲһ˻ʶҪ
ãԵƬ̡Ա˵ͷϾҶǳҲˣæȻ
Ҷǳ漴š
ǲú󣬰ûһİ˷ˣҳҶǳڣ⡣
ţҶǳɵüͷΪʶˣԷȷǳġ
˵ĺ棬׳ۻ룬սȣȻǸ֡
ҶǳǸҶǳߵҶǳǰưĿ⸩ҶǳЦ
ҶǳʱܵŨŨĵ⣬Щɻʶ˰Էôе⣿ҵ⻹ôǿңˡ
Ҷĳ˭ʲô飿Ҷǳ˵ԷƣҲԷɫ
˭
΢΢¶һĨȻɫмؿҶǳߵһлûʸ֪ңҪ㣬ʦѾҰˣϽԶ㣬´³ǿ㣬һξͱһΡ
ҶǳԶʱЦˣؿǰˣЦģΪĲ𣿾Ȼ԰ʦݡ
ҶǳЩǰ˼ֱϳǻҪѵ³ǵˣôһۿ˵͵ӡ
ûʸ𣿡˱˫֣мؿҶǳ
׳һ˿˵СӣĹۿţվǰλүᲿĶţ˵ֻһʦˣмʦǼүһ仰Ҳ׽ᡣ
ҶǳԻȻѹһôԭᲿĶӣĶӣҲôʱ
ҶСӣһĴ⣬ү˳УԲô㡣ëľԶһӾͿԵɣҶǳ
ҶǳȻѹֶԷһƴҴңôǿңΪ
ӣԼϢҲ޷ˡ
ϾǰĴү赲Ѽ
£Ҷǳһ㸸׵ĶѣʲôֵŵģʦݣҶĳõǣ
˵գҶǳʦȡ˳ŵǰȻתߡ
õ
ż״ʱŭЦôˣһǵһο˸ĵҰСӣΪʲôط߾𣿡
Ļ䣬׳һ˱͵ҶǳһȭݺݵغսˣȭƵ
һսѣ
ҶǳһЦڽûóҲһȭ˹ȥǿսȫ˳ȭͷȥ
ͣ
׳ʱѪҶǳһȭɳȥݺݵ˦ŵǰ
㡭ͫһ𾪵ؿҶǳ
սȻҶǳһ֮У
еʵȻôǿ
ҪңҶǳţм֮ɫߵֻʵаҪԼϰɡ
߳ŭʦ滹УսͲԶˡ
ϣŭһԼϣ³֡
վźһ׳һλսʵȸղǸ׳ǿˡ
ܽڳҶǳʱóһս˸ˣһҵĵնҶǳ
Ȼһڽһױȵٶȣһĵļϡ
ʱеսڵϣԼϵĺڽͫ׽һɺ⡣
ղţҶǳĽûпѾˡ


111 
ǳ֣źҶǳĳͻѾΧ˹ۿˡ
ǿҶǳһоͻһս󣬶ǳľȡ
ԣΧ۵ԽԽˡ
˻
ҶǳһһսΧȫһš
һˡ
ԼҲˡ
ս³ֵط㲻ǿߣǣҶǳŶ
ҶǳҲʮ꣬ӣһ۾Ϳˡ
⻹ֻһ꣬ʮꡣ
;һһսжôǿ츳
ֱ޷
˭ӻʮꡣ
̫ˣ;ʵ츳ʵ󡣡
ĪǽѧԺ𣿡

Ⱥ֮Уһ
Щɫǵͨ죬Ҷǳг˼ʺͷŭ
޿ɣҶǳˣȴǲŵͷġ
УȷеʵȼţߣԹصҶǳһۣתͻصУٴȥо̫ˡ
Ҷǳڽ̤뿪ˡ
һ粨϶ᴫԶͰʱԶͰȻ֪Ѿ³ˡ
Ҷǳ׼뿪ʱҲв׽ݡ
ЩˣҶǳҲûᣬֱӴ뿪ˡ
էǵ͵ãϾʵ³ǻʲô
츳ٸߣûгɳ֮ǰҲֻһߡ
ҶǳھѧԺһѧԺѧԱݣô³ǵİȫ˱֤ˡ
ңѧԺʵ
£Ҷǳ˴һѧԺķ򣬳ѧԺȥ
ȻҲˣǾֻܿԼȥ̽ϢˡҶǳ뵽
ܿ죬͵ִѧԺ
ѧԺΪս½ѧԺ֮һܴܸߣŶĵط
ռǳ󣬽µ۹ĻʹҪǣѧԺһԺԺĻǱȻʹҪˡ
Ͼѧ̫ˣѧҪطдսռҪ
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ҶǳæָŻ滭ĺ˵ղпЦ𣿡
ЦҶ磬ǲǺͿĺôܻЦأԣʱЦ
ҶǳڨڨһЦҲԼܿˡ
ڴʱҶǳ滭ĺͻȻˡ
ţҶǳһУԱߵİҲˣõһοǿۣǵڶΣôܻǿأ
Ҷǳۿ֮£滭ĺЦˣű㷢ŭˣ˳˼漴Цţһһ࣬ҶǳУǧ̬һ˲䡣
̬һ꣡
㱼䣬һԼ
һ̣Ҷǳ۾ôվ˯ˡ
Աߵİ״ɵɻҶǳ䣬Ҷ磿Ҷ磿
Ҷǳûᣬ
Ȼ˯ˡ
⡭۾һȻѧоҲǰ׳գʱ֪Ҷǳʲôټš
Ҷ翴ˣžѧ֣Ȼ˯¶һĨ֮̾ɫ
ʱë˽˯˵Ҷǳʱͫһ
С츳ôãȻ椵ʱ򣬻žѧ¥ЩǿҪ֪ˣƻᱻѪëЩԶԡ
ҶһʱѲˡԱߵİһ̾漴ë˵СտˣҾȻȥˡ
СëŭСڽ޷ˣȻ˳Сʵ̫ˡ
ˣвŮСѾͷȻô˵үߣţүһҪҶС˦㡣ëȻؿŰԶȥıӰš
漴ëֿһվ˯Ҷǳɻ֮ɫƷҲְ̫ɣСڵϢȻʧӰ٣һƵģվڱүǰүӦǹŹ
䣡
ëɻ֮ɫͻȻȻƾ˵̵ĺˮһҶǳӵȥ
ʲô
ëһЩŵؿҶǳ
ЩƷһ㣬ȫҶǳӿȥ
ڣ⣬ԴԴ飬ȫҶǳӿȥ
СӷˣëĽ֮ɫȻҶǳʲôһԵ
ʵϣʱҶǳȷһԵ
˿Ҷǳ˯ˡ
ʵҶǳУһѧϰơ
ģԺʲôӣֻ֪һͷ֪ǶôҶǳǰƣָҶǳ
ҶǳӦ
֮£Ҷǳֻøơ
һꡣ
֮ҶǳƣһƺӴޱȣժ˿ǿ
ҲҶǳһ֮ξˡ
һ̣Ҷǳ۾һ۱㿴ǰë
Сӣ˯죬ΪӶսսˣƷôСӵʲôëҶǳĽ֮ɫ
죿ҶǳһУоѾȥˡ


119 ϳɱ
һ꣬һ갡
Ҷǳ֪Լ˯죬ʱпѡ
Ѿ֪нԼƵǸУ¾ǿɮһ桪
ս½ʷдһλսˡ
ΪŴȱػ㣬ڵ°ķƽûһս£ս½ٵʱ
ң쵼ĿɮһûŻ֮ڳΪսҲʱս½ؽһЩžѧ
İ£Ǹʱҫ۵ţȻûеڶλսȴ˺ܶսͰ
ǸʱĻԻͣս½ʷϣ񶼻мء
ҲһսˣСӣߴˣս󰡡ëҶǳʱһĽ֮ɫ
սȻÿһŶԼĶ֮
ժֺ˵Ҳ˵˭˭ǿǶѧһսȴܹҶǳһսĵ뷨
ЩĿǰҲҶǳô
ǵȵҶǳһսʱЩǷḻľ飬ǰ·ĶգҶǳͻƳսĻᡣ
ף磬㿴ⱾؼȻҶǳɴ۾ǱؼеĻ滭ʧʮҳеĻ滭ʧˣֻʣһƬհס
һؼΪ顣
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Сӣ˵˵ڵսﵽʲôزɷսһսë漴Ȳʵ
Ҷǳ֮ǰڰ³ǵʱ򣬱һλսӲ˼УȻˣҲ֤սǳӽսˡ
ҶǳӶս̤սƣսӦÿֱսˡ
ëʱгڴ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цʵ֮ҾѾԺսһսˣΪһ㣬ôһսҵĶˡ
ҲԣС壬ӵлƽ֮еʩչƱʩչժָܹӳսë˵ͷ˵
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Сӣ˷ƣٶȱͺܿ졣ƣҲﵽ˼£ү֮ͬУѾҵһսˡë̾
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ţǰҲûмУҲսҵ֮ӣС͵õõ
ҶǳȴԼһ߳ģһЩָˡ
СӽܹΪս񣡡ë뵽
Ҷǳ֪ë룬˿ܣüأ磬㿴𣿡
СѾͷˣߣСѾͷһòȻֱӰ㶪ﲻܣҲ˴ŵ㣬үûѩǿˡ
ëһһ뵽СŭҶǳ䡣
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц磬϶ˣ˵¥˭
˵ûд¥Ȼ͵˶֪¥Ŀ¡
Ͼ¥鲼ս½ǿŵϢͿԿóǵǿ
ң¥Ĵкܹ㣬µ۹ûпٵʱǱѾˣнӽǧʷˡ
Ҷ֣
ڴʱ洫
Ҷǳ򿪷ţʱ롢Ȫ˶ˡ
ңŰ׼뿪ˡ
Ҷ֣춼ǲڲưջ񣿡Цʵ
ʵڿЦϾ¥źǿ߶ƣû־ѧ˿ɮһ˿
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ǰҶӵ츳ҼģѧԺЩŶǿˡһԵȪҲ˵
ҶǳЦλһΪ˿佱𣿡

Ǻǣ
˶ʱЦ
漴ЦҶ֣ǰѾָˣ׼뿪ǰк
Ҷǳһ㶣ɵÿǰôôæ뿪Ҫȵȥɡ
Ǻǣǿɮһ˵ҹûʲôֱ𣬶ϰ˼΢΢Ц
漴˵³ǣջʶҶӡιӣˣԵپٰۣѾԻ
ȻǰˣǾһ̰ɡҶǳ˵ͷ漴롢Ȫһִš


һ
һضϳ˵үղ洫ϢǺ׼뿪³ˡ
ϳʱɭȻЦУҵĺôȻûиҰɡҲˣҲԳҶǳСӵսȻҶǳ쵽һ𣬻һȾƳԷҶǳСˣҵġ
óһݿɮһǰ̰ģžսҶǳġ
ϳȴʵԶģû뵽ǰˡ
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ǣȴҶǳȻһȥԷˣ˵Ц
ϳǲ֪зʲôֻΪƭǸҶǳˣ
ԣϳǲôŭ
ȥһʿͺ¿ȥ𡣡ϳǻ˻֣ǰɭ˵
ЩɣС˵үǿɮһģүɮһ
Ҳȥʿʿ˭֪ģߣϳЦ
ǣ˵ͷһˣҲΥϳǵ
ϳĿȥ漴⣬һƬɱ⣺Ҷǳû뵽ʵôǿһҾ͸ݲˡţ³ǣеֶζԸ㡣ߣ


120 ӭս
³ǳš
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Ҳ£ˡҶǳ΢΢Ц
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СӣǺ⣿ëЩɵؿҶǳ
ҶǳߵʶϳǵʱȻԸҴ֪һЩն񶾣ȫӢ֮£ְɱǰ
Сˣϳǵ֮ӣ֪ܲɮһǿôҵɮһëҡҡͷ
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ҶǳԣжʱһݣԱߵĴ֮С
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ϳǻǺݶȻôʿҶǳһæ׷ȥ
ݣ
߿Уһֻ;޴ķӹԼԼԿӰվУҹ֮С

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Ժ鱾ү֪ү֪Сٲ֣ͺ¿ҪˡëٺЦ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴Уʱһ
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ȵؿˣ漴ȵҶӣСģս
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ѣΧĲʿѾɱˣüսʿΧòԴ
ˢ
Ҷǳĳ֣Ƶλսʿȫˣս߶ӿȵսӳһƬӰնҶǳ
ʱӣӿȣ
ҶǳѸٶȥԭڵĵ棬ʱһǵ⻮һĴ󹵣·ѿĺۼԵôĿġ
սǿʵ
Ҷǳʱڽ˫ƣڵսŻƽ֮ųȥ
䣡
һ죬ƽ֮ű忪һ룬ƥĴӵҶǳ˫֮
һ˲䣬ҶǳһĳХ͵ظ߸Ծʩչƣ˫ֻΪɫҫҵԣսʿѹ¡
ԶԶȥҶǳ·һɫư磬
ֿµϢһӴܣսӦˡ
ƣ
һĻͫһӿһĨš
һ̫ϤˣΪͻᣬƣȴûҶǳôǿ
ҶǳʩչƣҪǿĶ࣬Ѿﵽһ硣
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Զսʿܵһɾ޴в𣬷һХȫҶǳǿһ
ȻûãҶǳ˫ƺΪһ壬۳һɫ֮ɢֲϢֱӰսʿڵ档
ضȥˣΧĵҲѿһ϶ȥġ


121 
Ƶ̫ǿˣҾҶǳĴ߶ֱˡ
Ҷǳֻս磬ȥһƣҲʵʵڰսʿѹˡ
սϾǸ߼ս
ǿʿͷ첢ûǴѪҺǱس˵棬ӶеսɱҶǳ
ǴҾһƣ
ҶǳЦٴδ߶ƣսʿɳȥ
ٴشһѪײһÿôǳǱ
ʩչƣѾķҶǳĴʣµĴֻܹһˡ
ȻʱҶǳҲˣΪǰսʿѾˣҪʩչƣаնɱˡ
Сӣ׷罣һˣʺĥë
Ҷǳһ٣׼ʩչժ֣ٽˡ
Ȼë˵ˣҶǳóڽʩչ׷罣ɱǰѾ˵սʿͷ졣
ʿͷ𣬻ӶսӭȻˣȻǳͣһսǿˡ
ڸտʼս½̫ˣϾܵƵĹ˲ء
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ҶǳĥԼٶȺõ˼£һ⽫˷סˣʿͷ
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Ȼﵽ׷罣ɾҶǳĽ̫ˣÿһ·һգʿͷ춼ֻģؿһ˿Ӱ
ͣ
ʿͷܿ͵ֵסˣϱⶴһƬѪ
ʱţʿͷ챻ҶǳеĴԽԽ࣬ϵҲԽԽأս»ĺܿ졣
ȥɣ
ʿͷ콥֧ˣҶǳһ߾ٺڽƥսУһҵĽ
һѸٻʿͷķŹᴩһƬѪҺ
䣡ʿͷ쵥ϥأɴ۾ǰҶǳеս߸߾ţȴҲӲˡ
вϵѪҺ׺ݵҲʧȥɫʡ
ҶǳڽһѪҺûմȾɼѽһƷ
ҶǳźڽŲԶȥһնɱЩʣʿ
ʮʿѾֻʣ߰˸ˣҶˡ˿Ҷǳļ֮£Ǹûм֮ͱҶǳһһնɱ
գ֮䣬Χĵ棬㱻ѪҺȾ졣
һصʿʬ壬ԵôĿģɷ졣
˿мؿҶǳ˵лҶӾ֮վҪȥˡ
ǰˣ㴫ƣҲսɼڤڤ֮жҶǳ΢΢Ц
˵ͷ̾ǰһһģ򣬵Ҷܹڶ̶֮䣬ƣɼҲһԵ֮ˡ
ǰҿɲȥɮǺǣҶǳЦ
ҲЦˣֵҿû뷨Ҷᣬ츳սһµǿɮһ
ǰˡҶǳǫ
˿ɫ漴˵;ǧһҶӣǾڴ˵طֱɣǻлټ
ãǰౣءҶǳ˵ͷ漴߸Ծʧڴ
ϵʿǣɵһ̾漴Щʿʬ嶼ſӣǰ֮·
ݣ
߿Уһֻ޴ķӹ³ǵķȥ
ֻ޴ķϣվϤӰǱ¥룬з糤ϡ
糤΢΢Цһǰһˡ
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һԵķ糤ϸ̾Ǵ۽ˣû뵽³ǣȻţǸ콾Ȳϴӡ
ɲ콾Ȼ츳ǽѧԺԺ֮ͻͽ졣֮ͬУԶԶȲҶ֣¥ļصУûж˿ͬбȵҶ֡˵
꣬һг񡣽Ҳһϯ֮ء糤˵գ漴룬ЦܹʶҲ³һˡ
Ҷ֣ǰ³ܹʶǣʵңЦ
޴ķٶȺܿ죬һӾʧС
ĴУҶǳӰ˸³ȥ
ȵҶǳϵŴʱ򣬷ֳѾرˡ
ΣҶǳֻڸһطһŽڡ
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һҶǳʱЦˣѧԺĿݳˣǶȥۿˣСҲϽȥɣȻȥˡ
Ҷǳԣ۾ʱһλл㴩ȺѧԺķȥ
ҶǳٶȺܿ죬˦˺ܶˡ
ҶǳѧԺʱѾɽ˺ѹͼȥ
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Ȼ졣
£үȥһѧԺˣȻôˡëվҶǳļϣЩƵش
ҶǳЦɲʲôѧԺս½ǿѧԺ֮һŶŽء
УСûʶѧԺԳս½ѧԺ֮һЩսҵ˸ս½ˮСҪö࣬ﻹ֪˶ǿֱ޷󡣡ëм
ȲЩŪѧԺĿ˵ȻкܴţҪ֪˵Ҷǳ˵Ŀ⳯ǰ濴ȥ
ȻҶǳһˣȪ
Ȫ漷˳Ҷǳ֣磡磡
ҶϵܣȪһʱҶǳķ򣬲ɵ۾һ漴˹
ԭҶϵﰡҪȥأѧԺĿݳˣҸղѾˡȪ˵
Ҷǳɫһϲæʵ磬̫ˣҸȥȻѾ֪˿ݣҲ鷳ˣֱӸ˵˵ɡ
̫ˣȻ¥˵ɡȪ˵ͷ
漴һص¥
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һ£ҶǳȲʵ磬ѧԺװ䲼ʲôݣ
ҲؿȪ
Ȫ֯һԣ漴ҶϵܣεĿݶԺӵЩΪҪǰһ統УȻ󾭹ɱջһǧˣʸѧԺ


122 ˿ʼ
硣
Ǵǧ磬ͺñȴеĵ죬Щޱ޼ʵĺ˵һһ硣
һŨС磬ǳŨ񣬵ָĵر
ˣһˣķᡣ
е綼һͬص㣬Ǳӵпռѹơ
һˣ޷ġ
Ȼһ磬ܹǿԽ˵ܴ󣬷ǳ
ս½ʷϣսѰҵ磬Ȼ󾭹սĸ죬Ϊ˵ľסء
ʵϣڴ½֮ԺսҵˣΪЩսҵ˶סǵ֮С

Ȫ磬ë㴫Ҷǳ͵Ͼ֪Ҷǳ֪Ĵڡ
һԣüǰѧԺŵ磬߿ʲôǿ߽룿
߲óս磡Ȫ˵
һɣʶҶǳʵ֪һսҶǳĶ֣ô֮϶ûⷢˡ
Ȫȴһ֮ɫҶǳ˵ҶӣһԣѧԺĿˣÿζرƽΪǵĸ˵¾ûйƽ飬ԿȻҲԹƽĿˣǷǳƽģֻ翼ˣƽġ
ҶǳʱҲ֪ʲôһطɵɻ磬⻰ʲô˼
Ȫߵ磬ֻҪս磬ܹȥʱһЩүͻǲһЩʿԼȥȫԴһսһȥʱ˭Ķ֣
Ҷǳһ㶣˵Ҳ̫ƽ˰ɣһЩǶܽѧԺЩ츳ˣ˵ͱ̭ˡѧԺѲɵʱһʿѧԱ
Ǻǣ㵹ǲصģÿβμӿ˵̫ˣˣֻҪʣһǧˣѧԺͲںȪЦ
һԵ򿪿˵ˮ㣬ûκһԹƽѧԺܵеµ۹壬ǶЩ˽¶һֻ۱һֻۡ
ңѧԺΪ˷ֹǿ츳ʧѾǰµ۹̽һ飬ȽһЩӵгǿ츳˶ΪֻҪЩڣĲһȵѧԱѧԺͲ̫ˡ˵
ҶǳȻ
ѧԺÿյѧԱʵҲʮѣοˣǡ
ЩǵĴǷƽѧԺͲˣܹӲƽĿӱҲȷʸѧԺ
һѧԺ͸ЩʹģΪıǻЩʹļ֧֣ӶѧԺµ۹ĳߵλ
Ҷǳһ̾һѧԺ֮УȻôأ绹ǸӰ
Ҷǳû⣬ΪԼʵͨˡ
ϾҲֻսµ˲ܽȥѾܹһսˣ˭Ķ֣
Ҷϵܣֻ֮Ҫ㲻ЩүʵضͨˡȪ˵
ҶǳҡͷѾϳǣţ³ǵο˲̫ˡ
ȻǿʵҶǳȻš
ˣҶ֣쿼˱㿪ʼˣǾͲˣʱ㰲ɡվ˵
漴Ȫһ뿪ˡ
ҶǳľϾ̽Լڵ
ƣؽս磬Ҷǳ˷ջ
Ȼƣ
սõĿ
Ҷǳ΢΢ڵӷǳεϸһĨš
ֻǣʵȻ޷ƽ֮šҶǳ漴ֿƽ֮ţѾƽ֮ƿһˣҪ򿪣ܸоһ㡣
ҶǳЩơ
Ϊֻ֪Ҫȫƽ֮ţôսͻٴﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
СӣżֻҪƽ֮Żڣһ򿪵ģҲܲëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ʼ׼ѧԺˡ


ǲ
ϳһߺȲ裬һɫһ䣬еĲ豭ˡ
ǰ˵ʲôЩʿˣǸôǿ
үǵ̽飬лһˣӦǴ˳֣ǺС˵
·ɱһҧѵǿɮһĸ֣ϳһüͷһ漴˵ȥɣ鲻ҪκˣҲΪֹ
ǣȥ
ϳɫޱȣԴҶǳ͸о²˳
˭ҵˡ
ǣԴҶǳѾüʧˡ
Ҷǣ
ϳɭЦÿôãһεѧԺ֮УүվһߣҿθҶ
˼ôԸҶǳǵ֪ѧԺĿ֮󣬶ʱЦˡ
ˣЩ˵ֱĿˡ
֮ӵݣټ콾İʱҪŶٸʿȥܰŶٸʿȥ
ϳѾˣ֮УҶǳ
һֲʲô鷳

ᡣ
磿
µĻ㱨ʱЦҶǳҶǳС͸аɡ
ӣҲûзҶǳ鷳֪ϳҲҶǳ鷳󣬾ֵÿ֡
ֻǣû뵽ϳǾȻʧˣһ
Ҫ֪źϳͬΪ³ǵˣǳϳǵǵһμϳʧء
ڶûϵˣˣžͿԳˡ
ֻҪҶǳһҵġЦ
УҶǳѾһˡ

ʱ䣬תۼ
һ죬ѧԺĿˣΪ³ǵ
¥ݣ·ϣ̸ѧԺĿˡ
һһˣѧԺۣ׼μӼѧԺˡ
ҶǳϵѧԺʱѾɽ˺ˣ޴Ĺ㳡ϣһףӳ˷ܺͼ
ϸ磬ͰһҪѧԺ
ӣϵһûʲôϢɲϵһһҪͨˡ
Ÿ磬ҵ˵ˣֻҪͨѧԺĿˣ׼Ҽ޸㡣

̫ˣοˣټеˣʮˡ
Щ˵ˣŻŹ㳡ϵǻš
ĻգҶǳеһѪȣοЩˣѾһδš
ȻҶǳȴ֪Щ˵УܹģҲֻһǧ˰ˡ
ˣǳĲпᡣ

úһѧԺʦˣһλս
˿˵Ĺ


123 ж
ѧԺĿݲ࣬Ҳ⡣
ʱΪ졣
ΣѾѧԺʦѧԺƷˣһһǧο˵һǧ
ҪΪҵƣܳΪѧԺѧԱ
㻹ҪƸȫУڰ·ˣֻõù
һ㣬ֹɱ¾
ۣȭ飬ˣѧԺҲ⡣
ǷԸμӿˣһжԼѡ͵óеֺ
ȻһԣÿοҲ٣ϾЩҲɱ˿˭ûȥɱˡ
Ҳƣű˸ɱˣִϾ١

˹֮ѧԺʦһռ֮š
ֿռ֮ŷǳΪҪܶĿռ侧ʯܲóÿһοҲǳ
ο˵ĵص磬ѧԺֲϣ֪λڣҲǲԸ⿪ռ֮ŵġ
ڹ㳡ϣҫ۵Ŀռ֮˶ߣͷųɫĹԣԵޱ
Ҷǳǵһμռ֮ţʱΪ档
ЩοˣŶνռ֮ţȻƾʧˡ
һĻٴҶǳܵá
ֵܿҶǳˣſռ֮ȥ
ʱһ˫񣬳
ϳǡ
Ҷǳ΢΢תͷȥϳǣɣǶһʮʱվѧԺʦԱߣǲҪˣѾѧԺѧԱˡ
вοǣڿʮʱĿжĽʺޡ
ߣ
ϳһҶǳĿ֮Уɱ⡣
һԵɣҲҶǳɵ¶һĨ֮ɫ
뵽ҶǳʵҲȻˡ
Ҷǳϴΰܸ㣬ȽѧԺһᳬġɿȺеҶǳгս⡣
ƺܵɵս⣬Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴̤˿ռ֮С
һ̣Χ˶ʧˣҶǳһ޼ƽԭϣԱһ˶ûС
ףղŽЩأҶǳɵɻ
֮ǰѾ˽ˣѵЩ˶Ѿ뿪
СӣֳĿռ֮͵ģǴ͵ĵص㶼ͬһطֻмĿռ֮ţܽ˴͵ָص㡣ëҶǳɻЦ˵
ҶǳԸпҪÿһǳضһмĿռ֮ţǾһ֮αս½ˡ
Сӻǳ롣ëһ㶣漴Ц
ȻҲ֪ⲻܣϾռ侧ʯ̫ˡҾӦ۹Ķ֮нһռ֮ţҲ۹ҶǳЦ
ëЦſڽһռ֮ţʱң𣿡
Ҷǳһ㶣漴Ц⵹Ҳǣ
ߣСӣ֪һοռ֮ҪķѶ𣿾۹вƸҲ֧Ų𰡡ԣԸע޷ʵˣһӵĿռ侧ʯ߿ҵʲôȡռ侧ʯëٺЦ
ҶǳҡҡͷҲֻǸпһ¡
ΧƽԭҶǳ漴üһΪ粻أû뵽ôҪȥѰѧԺơ
СӣʵѾСˣֻɭô󡣡ë˵գָһޱȣʵ㲻ôƣʱֱһˡڣȥǱ߿үӦŨӦʲô
滹бҶǳȵ
ϻŨޱȣȻбЩԱߣ϶ػǵޣСĵ㡣ë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷһ߳ǰɱȥһʵ޺ʲô𣿡
Ǽ˾ɱɱ¾ԣ򵥵˵ǳԻġޣǳصģΪǿάһЩĵرԣЩ޶ûкܴɱԣֻҪ㲻ǣǣҲġ
Ȼ˱ǿ϶Ҫģʱ޾Ͳô˵ˣСĵ㣬Щ޵ʵɱһǿˡ
ë͵
˵֮䣬ҶǳѾëָĵط
һ̶Ƭԭ֮УҲ̶ֻһЩľЩľ÷ǳߴһˡ
ҶǳڸûиܵʲôϢ
磬ǲǸӦˣûޣӦûбɡҶǳɨɨһۣ漴¶һ˿֮ɫ
ëߵСӵͲ̶֪𣿡
ţ˵̶֮УҶǳȵ
̶͸ԱΧҪŨһЩСӱ۾ϸһ£ͻᷢˡë̶漴ۡ
Ҷǳȴë˵۾ĸһΧ
һ̣Ҷǳ۾ͷ̶еȷΧĸŨһЩȻಢ󣬵ܹӦĳ
˵գҶǳһԵëʵ磬ۿʲô
ëۣüȻһͨͨһصԸү̽ӡ
ŶҲܸҶǳЩ𾪡
ëжôǷǳģϾһ·ûʲôԸë̽ӡ
ߣǧ磬治ССӣҲȥһ̽ëһ漴ʹ˼
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Ҷǳ壬ޱǿ
ңҶǳ̫԰㺮ˡ
̶ˮ峺ףҶǳȻһ̶ͨײһ޴ʯͷ棬ϸ濴Ҳֻë۲ܷ֡
СӣǰȥǵСĵ㡣ëҶǳǰ档
ϾҶǳʵǿˣһʲôΣգֵܵһ
ҶǳոߵҲ£ôǰ棬ǰ֮ͨС
ͨһˮɽȻûˮҶǳһӾˤ˵ϣһǱơ
ףⶴھȻһ֣ëҲ˽ҶǳĽѵǰ׼ȵ˵ϡ
Ҷǳתͷ򶴿ڣЩ̶ˮһ㱡ָ棬޷붴ڡ
û뵽ﾹȻж죡ëжʱ¶ŨȤ
ôоеΪĺۼҶǳüͷëһ𣬳Ŷȥ
úǿ˳ڣһƬˮĻס
һһһۣ漴ԽˮĻ͵طǰһ
ԭƬˮĻĺ棬Ȼһɫʰ쵵СɽȣΧľïʢﻨ㣬Ũ˸еһƢˬС
Сӣ쿴ЩʲôͻȻë۾һָǰϲش
ҶǳһɵĿȥ漴¶ϲ֮ɫҩģ찡öҩģҺܶ඼ƹԪҩġ
һһ˲侪ϲ֣ǿһƬҩ԰


124 һʥԳ
ĲݡˮҹƹԪҩģȻУҷ٣Ƿˡ
Ҷǳܽҩ԰УĿ⳯Χһɨʱϲɫ
ëϽ˹ʼɼЩҩģҴСӣǻʲôϽɼүҪ̤ս硣
ҶǳʵѾʼֲɼˣһһٵؽЩҩսռָ棬ϳ˼˷ܡ
˭Ҳû뵽ոս磬ȻȺô
ľϲ
Σգһһɼʱһ˫ŭ۾Ѿǡ
һֻԳͨɫ۾ɫģǳߴ󣬱ҶǳͷֱֻۿʱһʯͷҶǳë
䣡
ʯƿգź졣
Ҷǳëʱ㵵̧ͷ
ëһ۾ͿֻɫԳɵ۾һɣ𾪵ȻʮʥԳ֮һһʥԳСӣȥסүɼЩҩġ
ҶǳѾȥˣȡڽһȥĽХľʯ롣
ͬʱֻһʥԳѾɱ˹
𣡡
һʥԳţðŭĻ棬ǰַҩ԰ĵˣг˷ڵŭ
ߴ󣬵ٶȺܿ죬ңڳʱѾ߸Ծ˫ֻ裬ȵĻ棬Щһγһ޴Ļ͵سҶǳݺݵ
һȻ˿ػ죡
ҶǳһĻ۾һɣЩ˼顣
ﵽ߼ʦĳ̶ȣҲĿػˣǰһ޾ȻӵĿػ죬ʵľ
СӣһʥԳʮʥԳ֮һȻޣҲǳӽˣӦǴޣСǧˡë
˵ңһһֻ֣ǵĿػǳǿǵΪ񡣡
䣡
ʱҶǳĺڽѾǸ޴Ļݺݵײһˡ
һ˲䣬ҶǳеĺڽֶǣҲһǿɳȥ
Ҷǳ壬ǿޱȣҪˡ
˹Ļ棬Ҷǳû˿ΣգϾҶǳžŴ֮һ̫ɵֵػ
Сӣ⣬㵱үĻǶ߷簡ë״ʱ
ҶǳЦһֻս磬ȻһսҪǿһǵһμܹԽսޡ
Сӣ˵ˣǴޣ츳ҲͱȱүһѣڵѪ㴿ĻԽ⡣ëߵ
Ҷǳɻ磬ôҲޣҿ츳ҲܹԽѣһôǿ
СӣүǱˣһ츳ֻܷӳɣĻүԽڻ¡ëݺݵ˵
޵츳ôҶǳԶʱһڣҲֻԽļѡ
Խʲô
ֱ޷
ޣûǿ츳ΪƾʲôΪޣëȻ˵
Ҷǳû˵ˣΪֻһʥԳֹˣһͷŭĻˣŭĻպ˲񷣬һָֻ۳һҶǳ
ƣ
ҶǳҴ⣬ͺһʱƽ֮ţһɿֲĴӵ˫֮ۡ
ͬʱڵ̫Ҳ
Ƭ̺һ޴࣬ųҵ̫𣬳ŶһʥԳѹȥ
һ̫ˣư磬ֲ˹
Ҷǳ֪һʥԳ츳֮󣬵Ȼٴˣֱչǿս
䣡
Ƶǳ޴Ҷǳȫ߶ǿʱֻһʥԳ
ֻһʥԳҲǳͣϾͳˣҶǳɱһ
˴÷ǳңҶǳȻռϷ磬˲ֻһʥԳԷʵ̫ǿˡ
磬㶯㣬Ҽֲ˶áҶǳɵóҩ԰еë
ޱȣڵĴҲ޵ģ֧Ų˶ãʱֻһʥԳĶˡ
ϾҶǳŸոմﵽս磬Զʱ䱬սսʱޡ
Ϳˣëظ
ҶǳֻüӲֻһʥԳһһ÷ǳңΧĵ涼¶ѷ죬ҪҶǳƣƬҩ԰ҪǸٵˡ
ڣڰСʱëɼеҩģкҶǳ뿪
ëͨҶǳŶ롣
һʥԳŭ׷Ϊ̫󣬸겻ȥֻһȭͨ
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Ҷǳëæӿٶȣڳ˺̶֮УȻҪˡ
һһܿͳ˺̶
ǸոһðͷΧһƬ
Ҷǳ̧ͷɨȥ̶ֺԱѾۼһȺˣϰٸһγ;ȵؿǡ
ôˣ
Ҷǳɵһ
ǽ뺮̶СʱȻѾۼôˡ
뵽νˣҲȻˡ
Ҷǳ˰սϵˮ·ͬʱҲڴǰһȺˡ
һȺ˷Ϊ֣Ϊ׵һ꣬һȹŮ󣬸վһЩ·ӵŮͬʱһˣԴźɫװޱ飬Į
ʿ
Ҷǳһ
ʿüνˣһӾϳ
ͬʱҲ֪ˣΪ׵ĻͺȹŮ϶򲻿ܾۼôһˣһȺʿ˽
ѹȪ˵εĿ˶ԺӵܷǳΪЩӵܶʿ˭ܶùǣ
ҶǳЩ˵ʱЩҲڴź֮ɫ
ΣΪ׵ĻȵСӣʲô֣淢ʲô
Ҷǳղֻȥϴѣʲô𣿡Ҷǳ˵ȻЩˣԼõ˺ܶҩġ
ף
ҶǳĻǸȹŮЩȵؿ漴óһһٿ˿ҶǳʱǸһ˿Ц
ҶǳЩ⣬ûж롣
ǸȴŭˣߵҶǳûСӣˣ·ûѣ˵ȥϴ裬㵱ǰ׳Ѿ̶ͨˣСӸϽǲ淢ʲôǵĻϽүһ
Ҳƾ㣿
Ҷǳԣɫһ䣬񣬽Żꡣ
ԷȻ࣬˿壬ΪЩʵսǡ
ΨһевģȺʿˣûսʿη塣
󵨣֪Ǽү˭𣿡
ȻôϷү˵㲻֪ǵֶ𣿡

ҶǳĻʱŭȵ
Ҷǳüͷһؿ꣺ֶӣϳǵıֵܣ
󵨣ٵҲܹеģһȺ˶ʱҶǳŭȡ


125 Ϸ
꿴ǰҶǳȻʲôæóһţʱȻ
ָҶǳЦ֪ˣԭҶǳ·㲻ߣ㴳
֮ǰҶǳԱţһûڶŻ֪ǰҶǳϳҪɱҶǳ
ڲſϷǣ㻹һҵô㡣һԴһЦ
ȹŮ
ϷǶʱɫһ죬æ˵ͣãҲû뵽ôСӣһû
ţ
ҶǳԣɵɫɵؿȹŮ
ȹŮϷߵȻ֪ˣô˾ͽˣִһƹͿҪˣһˡ
˵գһȺ뿪ˡ
˸տʼЩȵؿҶǳһۣȹŮʼնûٿҶǳˣƺҶǳֵ࿴ڶۡ
ָ߰ϢֱϳһУѷɫ
ϷǽдŮͣãҶǳиһ˿ɡ
ʱϷѾ˽ҶǳΧˣǺȹŮҲԶˡ
Ҷǳ䶢Ϸǣ˵ϳɱҵ𣿡
СҲͿϷЦ»֪³ǣұϳǵˣû˻ڶ졣
˵գϷǲмؿҶǳȻСӣûᣬϽؿͷүүҲã飬һ
׳գҶǳ
Ϸɫһ漴ɭȻЦܺãȻôżȥǱүͳȫ㡣
˵գתͷһȺ˵ǶţСӲս磬ֻҪ˭ɱ֤ͣΪѧԺѧԱ
Ϸ󣬳Ⱥʿ֮⣬һȺˣҲǲμѧԺ˵ˣϣϷǵԸϷߡ
ʱϷǵĻȺ˶ʱ۾һҶǳĿ⣬·ڿһֻ

һս˳
ЦſҶǳгţСӣҽԣǵҵ֡
Ҷǳ䶢ҵһμ棬ԩ޳Ҫɱң
˭˲õˣԼߵеսѾһǿսʹеսͷų貵ĵ⡣
Ҷǳ۾һУɱߣ˺ɱ֮±Ҫ仰
˵ͬʱйâһһѺɫؽ
֮䣬սŰű˴˳ȥ
ԲѣŭЦһ˾һͷԱǰѱ߸߾սһ貵ĵҶǳɱ
̫ˡҶǳ¶һĨмû˵˱һӰȴѾǰһݺݵֱȥȻǺ
䣡
û˿ļɿԣҶǳһֱ˶ԷսӶԷŻ£һƬѪԼ߲Һ
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ϷҧгݵصҶǳҲսǶսһ˶ѣѵһס𣿡
û˵ǼȻѡϷǣ˵ǵʵҲǿ
ʵǿĻõŸϷ
ղųֵǸԣѾǵʵǿһˣҲΪҪͽϷǣѡֵġ
ʣµЩˣȻ٣ɶһսսǿҶǳһɱ֮ﻹҳ֡
ϷǼ״ʱûðɣǶǷҹһȺҲѧԺΰǣ
ɫѿȴҵϷǣ˵ԶԶġ
УʱֻʣϷǣһȺʿɱڵΧҶǳ
Ҷǳűŭ֮еϷǣɵóҲ㱾£ñˣʲôôǱ˵ûһ
Сӣ͵ҵҪǷЦóϷ˵漴˻֣ʿʱһӵϣɱҶǳ
ʿǿɲʲôƽһõôоֻʣһĿģɱҶǳ
Щʿһʮˣһսлս
ʮˣһɱҶǳǳòԶս˶࣬жΪҶǳ˰Ѻ
ǾҶǳˡ
ȻһĻȴ˵һš
ΪҶǳӶźڽͬһ㣬ڳмٱУһնɱʿлһսȫһնɱ
˺ȻһĻ˵ֱ۾ϷǶ˼飬ҶǳĿ⣬һθһĨ֮ɫ
ɱ
ʿȻȻ治ɫɱҶǳ
еսˣһսɱƥ
׷罣Ҷǳͺһеĺڽ·ûƵģĽ٣ﵽһֲֿĵزͬһ㣬Ⱥʿߡ
ৣ
ٵӰŰһʿҶǳնɱ
սɵս󣬾ȻҶǳӲƣҶǳǿնɱһˡ
һʱ䣬عѣѪɺӡ
ﵽɾ׷罣ٶȿ쵽˼£սҶǳĽӰ޷ֵסĹ
ҪǣҶǳÿһǿսʿֱӱɱսʿҲֵס
սʿһУҲҪˣֲ˶á
ֱһ浹ս֣Զ𾪲ѡ
Ҷǳһﵽ˭Ϊǰû˵
ֻսôоʵӽսˡ
ֲ̫ˣôмսʿȻƿвһɱһʵԽѧԺԺˡ
츳ȻûбѧԺλ֡

۷׷ףȫǰһĻˡ
֮ǰû˵ҶǳţһΣԶؼҶǳ֡
ΪǺҪ˶ãֽᴫ³ǡ
Ҷǣ
ԶϷųеҶǳɫѿ֮࣬ҲֳһĨ֮ɫ
ǰûҶǳû뵽ҶǳȻôֱ֮⡣
ѹϳǱҴôʿصҪСһѾ֪˵ʵͬ졣
Ϸ뵽
ͬʱ̧һֻţŵ̤ȥһǿʱᴩأΧ˷һµѺۣԵЩĿġ
ҵĶʱҶǳע⣬תͷϷǣͫײɵһս
СӣܹƵԳ֣԰ˡϷЦư񣬿Ҷǳͷ·ڿһֻϡ
ŵıǮΪһս


126 
ɱ
ҶǳɱķˣѾնɱ˽ʮʿǰҲֻʣսʿˡ
ңսʿѾܵشԶˡ
Ҷǳս߶˼ޣ췢һХ׷罣ʩչ˼£һ̳ҫ֮䣬ٴնɱһսʿ
ʣµսʿʱŵúȻˡ
ԶϷ俴һĻûϳ֡
ΪмΧҶǳŵʵԼһ˾ܶԸҶǳˡ
գҶǳʣµսʿҲɱˣеĺڽȻѪռѾȾѪҺ
ԶԶȥҶǳͺһ񣬴ӵ
˫ɨӶòԶһڹսߣоƤ
ǿҶǳУ˾η֮ɫ
ǰҶǳʵ̫ǿˣôʿսʿȻһ˸ɱˡ
ⳡսŽȥһСʱѡ
ǣܹùϷ
ϾϷս
䣡
սʿɱ֮Ϸһ̤ѿһضɽҡǿƣһӣϵӿ
սڸ߼սĳǿƣ̫ǿˡ
ԶսһȻ
߼սԶмսҪǿȻսֻǱսһ𣬵֮Ĳ࣬ȴǷǳľ޴
ʱϷһţǿɱһս
䶢ҶǳưĿ֮У˲м֮ɫ츳ϧûгɳţȻֻߡ
ѧԺĿˣֻҪһսϵĶܹμӣͲܳʮ꣬Ӧòֹʮ˰ɣҶǳ俴Ϸǡ
ʮ֮ǰܹΪսǾţͿԽѧԺˡ
ϷȴûнѧԺ˵Ѿʮ꣬޷μѧԺĿˡ
ʮΣϷǰȻ̧ͷһЦɿԽѧԺȴҪ
粻ǲսôģҶǳߵɻ֮
ֻҪս֣ʱӡһսΪҾġϷǵ˵ҶǳĿ⣬ӣǵǿһСط߳ƶס
Ҷǳһ䣬ѹȪ˵Ŀ˲ƽЩ嶼ܹսͽ˭ǵĶ֣
Ҳˣȥɣ
ϷЦ
±Ҷǳ֪Ҳ±֪ΪѧԺǵĴڣֻһֻ۱һֻۣǸ֮µƽ⡣
Ҳǹơ
ƽ
ֻһЦ
䣡
Ϸǳˣ͵ƴоһκˣ˲ӿҶǳĸǰһ˫ȭͷųҵĹâɽݺݵغҶǳ
ƥսϯΧĵ涼иƬһѪȥĿģƺˡ
Զһڹսߣȫһ𾪡
һսƣʵ̫ǿˣǻսǶ޷ֵ
Ҷǳ䶨ˡ
ϧˣôһţȴҪ
ǿţҲҪгɳʱ䣬ϧ˻٣עҪɱҡ֮С
ţÿĿ֮УҲ֪˶ٸ
νţҲֻ콾ӿ֮ɱš

һ˵ţһ̾Ϣ
Ҷǳȴޱȣͬڰ֮бȼĻ棬͵رҵĹԣա
ͷ˿裬һ˫ֱһΰɽ壬ĿĽ⣬۳һ𣬳Ϸӭȥ
ƣ
Ҷǳԥؿ˻ƽ֮ţһԼս߶۷״̬
һս˿⡣
䣡
˵Ĺײһ𣬱һ죬е׵ںϷͫ͵һҶǳУ𾪺Ͳ˼顣
ΪҶǳһȻҪǿһ֣ôܣ
䣡
Ϸʵ޷ĽҧԼս߶˼ޣƥսϵع˫ȭ֮Уǰƹȥ
һ˲䣬͵սƾ˵̵ĺˮҶǳӿǿ죬ķնڲ
ҶǳҲںݺݷսȫ߶ƥĴϵع˫֮Уһδδ
ǲ
ǿײһҶǳϷǶһ漴˫˫ˣǽµĵ涼ƶһ㣬ѿһ϶
Ϸǻһ飬۾Ҷǳеһղһ˲䣬оҶǳ˫ƾͷ·һ㣬Ӳޱȣʵڲ
ҶǳɫصضϷǣǰɱһսʿֺһսһʥԳһֶǰϷǡ
Ϸϳǵı磬ֱأȻ츳Ҳܲʮ꣬ѾսˣΪսļʷǳ
һţִսսǷǳǿġ
ҶǳȻԵסһս
̫˼ˣһֻһս𣿾Ȼ߼öô츳
ѧԺԺ콾Ҳˡ

Զһ˾һαҶǳıָˡ
ţǰδû˵
Ǵ۽ˡ
û뵽ʵȻôǿҵСˡϷǿ˵ҶǳĿ֮Уɱ⡣
ʱѾΪʲôϳôҪɱҶǳˣΪǰ츳̫ǿˣ콾ҪǿĵˣԲɳ򽫻Ϊĸ󻼡
ߣ
Ҷǳһûлػȳ֣ʩչƣϷǡ
˴˶ɱ˴ˣǻҪϻʲô
ϷǲҴ⣬˫ȭӶս죬͵кƥͰ磬Ҷǳӭȥ
֮䣬һƬ磬
Ҷǳݻɫһΰɽ壬ϷѹЯһ޵еơ
Ϸ˫ȭͬһ㣬ǰȥ͵սӿŭ𣬱˴˲ƣӲסѹ
սǳңƬ򶼿ˡ

ս˰ȻҶǳһӲϷǵһȭԼƺݺݵغϷǵϡ
ʲôϷǾŭӣû뵽ҶǳȻôֲķʽȡܾ˵Ľ
ٺ٣ҶǳĿ䣬ӿ̶ַЦݡ
أ
˼ͬʱɳȥҽǿѪ
ҶǳҪһЩȻϷһȭ壬ǿޱȣ˲ء
෴ϷǱҶǳƻУŶȥ˵ˣвϵؿȳѪ
㡭ӣϷҧݺݵصҶǳû뵽ҶǳսȻô񣬼ֱҪˡ
ҶǳǵѪҺйâ貣ս졣
ϷһҶǳתͷɱӣһݻˡ
ҶǳϷߣȴ˿֮ѡϷܾˣΪĴʣˣϷǣɡ


127 ʵ

һļž
Щսǣȫˣһ㶵ؿųеҶǳǱӵϷǣӿһɹɾκˡ
һսˣһǱһսܵġ
̫ˣҾˣԺҵżҪΪ׷ߡ
ΰɣʵ˼ôܻῴ㡣
̫ˣһսϢҪǴȥ³Ƕڵġ
ѧԺӦûϢ¶ȥ֪Ǹһս˿֮Уƻġ
Ҷǳ츳̫ǿˣһսϢ޷й¶ȥ츳ҲѧԺǵڶ콾
ҾᳬԽ콾ġ

һ۷׷ס
ǿҶǳĿ֮У˾ηͳݡ
ʱҶǳѾźϷ෴ķɱȥʧһƬԭϡ
һսĺܴ󣬲ӲϷһȭǿҲһƣҪָǾͲˡ
ҪǣҶǳƬҩ԰֮ҵҩģȫƳԪʵ
ëҲеСӣϽƹԪɣүҪսʱҲܹˡ
ëޣȻˣӵз˲һԽս
ֻҪ̤սȫսһǿİ֡
ãǾڸһطƹԪҶǳ˵ͷ漴ڸѰһεĵطٳһСɽȥ
ɽ֮ҶǳϿʼˣǳǿƲأս£ʱͻָˡ
ҶǳʼƹԪ
һԵë˷ܵԪǾȥҳƹٺ٣Ǻöû뵽Ȼһóƹǵˬˡ
ƹҶǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ëƲ֮ǰǸȹС椵Ļѵûϸ𣿡
ǸȹŮҶǳйâһϷǶǸȹŮĳƺѾȷŮ콾δޡã
ͬʱҶǳҲ뵽õʱϷ˵Ǿ仰ƺᵽ˳ƹһġ콾ġ
Ȼλ콾磬ָ콾
콾ѾѧԺԺΪ״ӣĹϵǰ֪гƹҲ
ϢãϣõõƹӶʵ
磬ƹʲôʵҶǳɵʵ
ëٺЦȻʵƹǷǳĵر꿪һλʮŽһιÿγĳƹҲŶѡֹӶЩ߼ս˵ͻƿõģǶǳս˵ֻҪһţһΪ
ʲô
Ҷǳԣʱվ˷ܵǻʲôϽȥҪǱǰҵˣ콾Ǽһֿʵ𣿡
Сӣ㼤ʲôʵôȥһССϷǣƵϣǺȹСԱ߻ûбϷǸǿ𣿡ëЦ
Ҷǳʱͬһˮ¡
ë˵ĲȻ԰սϷǸͽѵͲͽڶսǵս
пͽս;ս
ϷҲֻǵֶӶѣȴǵŮ϶ǲǿ߱ģһ⿼֮Уǵûطޣ
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ҶǳڵʵԸһϷǶǿˣãǻ
ңϷǿҲȥˣ֮£Ҷǳ͸ӲǶˡ
ô죿Ҷǳë
ëָŵǶҩģȰѹԪƳɹСҲһʵҪǣүʵҲʱ򱾴үһ֣úıһ£δزһųƹ
ƹԪʱǰѳƹô죿Ҷǳü
СӣҸ˵֮УֻҪǱ߾Ϳ϶ޣǰֻһʥԳǳƹǺεȱߵػޣ¸ӵǿǺȹС椶ʱڿδܹõƹëЦ
ðɣϣûв´Ҷǳ˵ͷʼɸѡҩģȻƹԪ
ѾƹһιԪˣٴƣǳÿһôȻ·Ѿ˼ٴһ
ò˵Ҷǳȷ츳ֻķ棬Բźһ
Сӣ츳ֻҪһλʦָ㣬㽫һԳΪʦǵ񡣡ë̾
ҶѾ߳ˣôʦָ㣿ҶǳЦ
Сӣֻ³ǵֲѣ츳ȽүȥܲЩʦϼһ϶Ϊͽë˵
᣿ҶǳԣɵƲƲ죬һ˿ЦߵҶǳȻʲôҲ֪ԻͷݡĵȻǿңֺαӭȥ
ëüͷһЦСӣ־үϲӡ˵ûԻͷݣȻǴ㣬ǾǵùȽΪ˵ǿ϶
񣿡ҶǳҡҡͷЦҪΪ񣬹ҪоһӲУһҪΪսأʱ䡣
ٺ٣СӲǾ˵Ϊ˶ʤ𣿽飬˭֪أëЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦѾҩɸѡˣ漴ʼ򿪵¯ʼƹԪ
һ¯ҩҶǳʧˡ
ҲΪëԵʣܵ˴š
ڶ¯ʼҶǳר־ˣëҲٴˡ
Ȼڶ¯ԪҶǳͳɹˡ
һʱ䣬ҶǳƹԪֱеҩĶϺһõ˶ʮŹԪ
ʮŹԪҶǳЩ⣬̾ҵĿػֶȻѾﵽ˸߼ʦĳ̶ȣΪûк֪ʶԻмʦ硣ĻֻҪ̤˸߼ʦ磬ԪͲ˷ôҩˣƳ߰ʮŹԪ
ҶǳʵͿԽ߼ʦˣֻΪȱ֪ʶϾѾ߳ˣ޷ȡ߼ʦ֪ʶ
߼ʦս½ǷǳϡٵģڸǳӭĴڡ
ԣ߼ʦ֪ʶҲǷǳģһֻһЩŻС
һмʦҪ߼ʦֻмĳ߼ᣬлɹ
Сӣ⣬ЩԪѾ㹻ˡңѧԺ֮ǵͼ֮Ӧþи߼ʦ֪ʶëЦʮŹԪʼá
ëսѾв̵ʱˣʱڣѾΪսڣʱùԪΪʱǡ
˵ΪԽߣùԪЧԽͣЩҩӦսˡҶǳë״̬뵽
ͬʱԼҲʼùԪ


128 
䣡
Ԫ̽ʱҶǳʱܵһӿȵըﶼһɷڵϵرսա
̶Ƭʱ䣬ҶǳսһȦ
ҶǳùԪսҲԽԽ
սһ̶ȵʱȴ޷չԪˡЩձҶǳգ塣
ţ
ŹԪѣô޷ˣ
Ҷǳɵ۾ü֮両һ˿ɻ
ŹԪ֮Ϊս۷壬ǵһȴ޷ˡ
ͻսȴƺƿ޷ټˡ
䣡
ڴʱԱߵëӿֳһǿơ
Ҷǳ˹ȥɵĽ֮ɫΪëͻˣս硣
ңëùԪȶսھ硣
ʵֱ˷츲صı仯
үڽսˣһսڣھսǱүĶ֡ë˫о˸漴Ц
ӣҶǳʱЩˬƾʲôͽս磬ȴս۷壿
Сӣÿһ綼ƿģ츳ٸߣҲϾͻƣҪҪ̼үǰս𣬽ͷǱүľ绹ڣֻҪ㹻ʱͻƣˮɡë˵
̼Ҷǳüͷ
ָǻۣڵս۷սǿҩѻģȻ壬ûиãҪںͨҪһʱĻָ̼ۡľսˣͨϵսĥڵܵľҴ̼ӶѰͻƵë͵
ˣҶǳ˵ͷйâ˸
ЩңҿԼһëʱĵ·˺ܶ·
£ҶǳʣĹԪȻԼ壬ǿ
Ȼ绹ս۷壬ҶǳȴоԼʵ˺ܴı仯ϷһսĻôҪƴܻϷˡ
Ȼﵽս۷ëʵҲ֮£
СӣھȥǺȹС椣ҵƹʱóƹүԽսСҲ̤սˡë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷдһ˿ڴ
ǳڴսΪëĹ⣬ֻҪﵽս磬ٴһ
ʱǿһ֣һʵ
ҪǣҶǳ׼ѩڵĺ𣬰λĹı䱯ҵˡ
νһã

ĳһƬïʢУôһȺʿʱפڴˡ
̧ͷԶѾȥһʱˣٹʱ䣬ЩѧԺӦþͻԶɢâҵĿǳƹЩǴҪģ˵ʱһˡ
콾Ѿս磬ֻҪгƹ̤ս硣ʱ콾츳Կ԰Ժг񡣡
иĹâ
ԼδԽȻԽˡ
ϵЦݺܿˣΪһϤӰЩǱش˹
ৣ
һʿʱǰγս䶢ͻȻǱӰ
ñãңϷǣϷæͣסӣȺô󺰵
Ȼʿʵҽӽ»ᱻɱ
ȻǵֶӣǺõݱʵ㲻ʲô
ĻҲǰΪˡ
Ϸǣ
û˻֣Χʿÿ漴ǰȥǰЩǱϷǣüʱһ壺ôŪӣƲᰡУȺʿأ
Ϸ˵úأ㾭һĻָҲûг׻ָ
ȻҪϷû˵ĵҩԲŵơ
̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
սʵټߵһȺʿǲּ򵥵Ŀ˵ġ
ԣҲͲмڴһЩ˵ҩˡ
ǣû뵽Ҷǳ̬ˣûеҩˣ˻ָ
뵽ҶǳϷǾһҧгݵ˵ñãǿˣϳǱҲˣǸҶǳһֻ̬ս磬ʵսȴս
ʲôôܣ
һг˲ţϷǣȵϷǣ㲻ҪΣǲʧˣԾ͹Ҹɣ
ñãҶǳ̫ˣһʧ𣿡ϷǿЦһûˣ˵ҵȺʿɱˣԼҲ⿪˷ӡȻĶ֣ˡ
˻
ԵһؿһϷǣȻ֪Ϸû˵ѡ
ֻǣҶǳӵսĻǴ츳콾Ҫǿ
ܣ콾ţû˱ǿ漴뵽һ˫֮УӿֳһĨɱ⡣
漴ǰϷǣߵȥˣʱߣȡ˳ƹ֮ȥɱҶǳ
˵գϷһƿ˵ҩ
ϷǶʱϲæлȥˡ
ÿԶ֣г⣬ѧԺһ콾㹻ˣҪٳֵڶ콾ߣ

ʱ䣬תۼ
쵽ʱأһϣȻܶݣȴ˿
ΪǾǴѧԺѧԱƣֻҪõȥܹΪѧԺѧԱˡ
εĿΪ죬ǵˡ
ʱе˶ˣһžԼĹȥȥöơ
ҶǳҲһԼܽĹɵ۾һæ˹ȥ
һϹȥʱѾʮ˳öˡ
ңʮ˶Ѿˣ˴˹˴˼ɵᡣ
磬ȥƣЩ˽ңҶǳһЦйâһһѺɫؽ
Ļսע֮£һɳҵĹ⻪Ӻڽ֮бޱȵ貣һ磬һƥĽ˺ѳգɨǧ
ʲô
ǿ
˭
ʮ꣬ʱҶǳһˣ׷׺ˣҽӽ
ëٶȺܿ죬һצӾץסöơ
Ҷǳὣǰɨʮ꣬ߵ͹
ߣ
ǲĶ֡
ʮҲǰ׳գҶǳһѾҶǳĿ£ȻҾ
οһǧƣҲûҪƴһֵá
ʮȥʱҶǳתƣɵ¶Цݡ
Ҷǳҵˣۡߣ
ڴʱһߴӱ
ҶǳȻתˣ۾΢΢һУϸһĨ֮ɫ
˾Ȼš
ԩ·խ


129 
⣬ǿҶǳһ˫ڵ¶˿˿⣬ɫضҶǳ
һӣ˿̻Ȼ򿪣¶ӡĸ֡
ıվһȺʿȫγ˵ĮضҶǳ
ӣҶǳһ㶣漴ݸһЦĵһﻹԴ󣬾ȻԼдϡӡĸ֣ҲЦ
ӣǰ׳աҶСӣ鷳ٺ٣ëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷؿŶŵˣʱŵһϣͲдš߲ơĸˡ
뵽պſڵĳͻҶǳѾ֪صˡ
ȻҶǳЦСӣһʦǲýѧԺģΪɱ㣬үصؽˡ˵統УҲĸˡ
δ䣬һȺʿѾҶǳΧֹҶǳߡ
ҶǳȻ壬ؿţ˵һԴףҪɱˣϵѾвˡ
ߣŵˣû˿ԻšϣɱСӡߵһɱٷϻ˶֡
Ҷǳȡڽȳ֣һʿֱȥ
䣡
ƿͣͬ磬һ˲ͽﵽսʿɱˡ
ʲôԶһĻţʱͫһ
ϴξΪҶǳɻµսδʿȻ࣬սϵǿߡ
û뵽ҶǳһȻɱһսֱˡ
СӵʵôǿЩ޷ţ۾ɵúܴ
뵽Լʿʵ򶨵ؼս
УҶǳѾɱˣȺҪɱʿҲû飬ֱȡ
ͬʱԱߵëҲˣѾﵽսٶȷǳĿ죬ԭһӰѾһʿǰһצ̽Էš
һֻʿЩ죬ȻûаһֻҲû뵽ëٶô죬ֵʱѾˡ
䣡
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Զսż״۾ӶɳˣΪɱʿȫս
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130 ƹ
һɽ֮УҶǳæëȻڹսӿȵսʱë壬޸ơ
Ƭ֮ë˵СӣĴԱүô󡣡
ãҶǳ˵ͷ漴俪ƽ֮ţëڡ
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ĸӦ֮УëϢȻɫÿˡ
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Ҫ֪ЩһȻʵ㲻ʲôߵʿȴǳǿ󣬴඼һսʿš
е鷳ˣ˵ҲδûкôҳҲЧãϾС˷ƣٶ졣ë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ǰúֺܶ˶ͣڴˣҼǰˡ
ǰԶһð˸ߵİͨɫҶǻɫģ滹ŰɫĹӣʣлð
ƹ
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ŶҶǳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
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һԱߵҲˣϾҲؿŶԷѳƹߡ
ʱ֮гһǿߣŸָıǣһ߳ųƹȥһ߻ɱ
СӣҲùȥˡëȵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲȺ
ʱѾһ£Ⱥʿûʲô̫עĿ
䣡Ҷǳʱǿóƹĺʱը죬һȻ˳ͷǳӴͷһһӾ̵ʿ


131 ö
˻
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ǰֻͷҲ̫ǿˣֻͷһһ˲ͺɱսʿҽ˶ӡ
СӣһŰսʵֻͷܹӳսʵ൱ս
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սҶǳ࣬ڵʵսӦǶˣԿս
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Ҷǳͷȥʱ˼ˣһãһϷǣϢǿʿߡ
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óƹҲֻųƹһӾţֻʣһųƹˡ
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Ϸ˵Ҷǳǿ󣬱ЩţϷǿҶǳۿ֪ϷǲûпҶǳǿСҶǳ
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첻ʱ䣬ҶǳʵȻô࣬Ҳ̫˼ˡ
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ΪʲôҶǳɻ
ͷÿֻһųƹһųƹ׷ɱ㣬һŶʣ£ͻ׷ɱ㣬ݡңǰеĳƹȡˣǿ߶Χɱ㣬һѵܶԿˣ
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Ҷǳʱеһ˿⣬æѹסе̰ģպóƹ˳
ȻҶǳûȡǿųƹϷȴȡˡ
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죬챣ϷǣæµλսʿǱϷǣҲԶ
䣡
ͬʱҶǳܵ˱Ŀֲѹɵ俪ƽ֮ţս߶۷壬űһơ
ͷߵֻͷ̫ˣһֻͷͰҶǳƴݻˣǲǺҶǳ
СӣϽ³ƹս硣еë
Ҷǳڵʵ޷Կͷߣս硣
ҶǳԼҲףһųƹһӣһƹ׼ս硣


132 Σͻ
𣡡
ĺХԶͷ߳׿ˣŭޱȵطֻͷ֮һȺʿ̵غɱعѣضɽҡ
ǳӴһСɽһ㣬͵ζ嶼ڷ⣬ֲϢȥ˶ܵϢѹ
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һ񱩵ͷߣǳĿ£˭ҲԸȥԡ
ñãǸֻһųƹϷߣ˿һųƹصݸá
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ãǼһųƹѵǾ𣿡Ϸһ˿⡣
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С̫ˡë״Ҳɵð
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Ǿɱ
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ڳս
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Ҷǳһսʿɱȥһʩչժ֣ڵսâɣһɹɷڵս֮лۡ
ԶԶȥǹ·ǳ۶һֻ޴Ľɫӡնǰսʿѹȥ
ۣ
սʿֵǵסһƺݺݵغڵϣЩˣ϶ðѪƼء
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ɣ
ҶǳȻתսʿڵȻս⡣
ƥƣϯȥһս񣬰ء


133 ƴ
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ҶǳɫĮտտη壬ֻһǻս⣬ֱͦӾӭȥ
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Զһ׷ߣһۣһһӡ̤գѧԺ


135 촺
֮Уһ׷̤ն˫֣Ŀۻ룬ͬһ߸ϵĵ·һȺˡ
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ǳ嶯˰ɣҲãֵÿЦŹЦгڴ
ܣɣϽ³˾֪ʱ϶кܶۿСӾԻΪ³ǶˡϷյ˵
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ѩʱҶ磬֪ʲôԴԲǰţûһܹţ̫ˡ
ô㲻ңҶǳЦſѩ
ѩҡҡͷ˵Ҷ磬³çˣⲻ಻ŵ⣬㵱ԲǰսѧԺʱҲжʮˡҶأʮ꣬Ҳжʮ꣬Ǳ˵ˣѧԺҶš
Щ飬ȥһô֪أ
Ҷǳ۾͸޳ĴžԼԽԽԶѧԺ˵ӺɷأǿԲҽѧԺҾԲסȻǸڹ컯֮µߵǷǺڰףҾƴҲҪףˣ졣
Ҷ磬ֻˣɹţԺѧԺ촺ҲŹġѩǵ
˭˵ҪѧԺˣ
ҶǳԿѩߵҴţֻΪ֤ԼףȥһѧԺ
ѩһ㶣漴Ц
һѧԺҪΪս½Цˡ


137 
ˣѩôͻȻˣ
ҶǳȻѩʵ
óѩĲûб˻κãҶǳûἰѩġ
˵ڽսȫѩڵĺˣʱκѩĲˡ
Ҷ磬ҸҪ㣬뵽ѧԺ˽ӣ϶ѧԺҾֱӹˡҲҺˣ촺ǸһԲŹġ»֪ԲѧԺһֱͺܰԵѩ˵
˻ʱҪңҶǳĿɿڴ漴Щ˼顣
ǿ˻ʰ߸ϵĻߣµ۹ɱȨ
Ҫǣһλǿսʡ
սҶǳ˵ѾǸ߸ϵĴһɱ
촺ͷųԼƣѹȵҶǳ޷ûл֮
սʣǾǸǿĴڣͶ֮䶼ɱһս
Ҷǳû뵽ĴڻͻȻҪԼЩ˼顣
Ҷ磬֪·Ͼңҿ԰ȶ飬Ҫ㡣ѩ΢΢Ц
ҵңھȥʹ𣿡Ҷǳæʵ
⵹ǲѩëҲ֪Ҷǳڽëƣ˵ɣκˣ㡣ˣҶ磬˵ס¥ôͻȻ뵽Ҫס
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ߵϳǺһҶ֣ǴŵᣬټЩӵܣ촺Ȼվߡ⣬촺Ҳ콾ʦ𣬶콾ǵŮϳֻ˭
ԭһ֮ѣȪЦǴҶϵܣѧԺʧߡ
ǵĻҶǳмлλģûϵѾˡţǱȥģ˻Ϊˡ
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һԿЦǰ㾭ǲǻ֪ſ˵Ѷȣ
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ŶҶǳȻЩɻ󣬵Ǹ棬ʶô죬ˡ
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˵֮䣬Ѿһͨǰÿͨ˴ţȻҶǳ߽档
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138 
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ȷĿɵڶ𣿡ҶǳʵһֱëΪȷ顣
İɣսˣսԿˡëؿڣ֤
Ǻãھȥʹѩ˻ʱҲҪң֪ʲô顣Ҷǳ漴˵
˻ʣëһ㶣漴Ʋʲô飿϶ΪѩѾͷʧˣԲ뵽㡣Ҳã㵽ʱܲҪһЩöүҪһ˵ҩñүƾָ
㻹˻ҪҶǳԷ˷ۡ
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ҶǳҲӹ˵ҩЦ˵лˡ
һԵëʱһЦֱӺ˰ֽСˣǵ͵̾


139 
һ뿪ˡ
ͻƸ߼ʦҪͷʱޣ󲿷ֶƵҩǱо֪ʶ
ΣҲҶǳǳķ粨̫ˣǳġ
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ŹԪҶǳ˵Ѿ˶ΪֱӸëָˡ
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㲻үȥ𣿡ë۾һɡ
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⵹Ҳǣë˵ͷ˵Ϊˡ
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ë
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ģܼȻ̧ͷ۾ĶҶǳҽץסҶǳĸ첲˫۶ڲš
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ѡǵĵ·
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140 ˻
ҶǳܾĻµɫʱԭЦݵףҲޱȱˣֻʣһϣĿضҶǳ
㵱治Ը⣿ٴοڣĮͬһ߸ϵĵڸҶǳ
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Сӣ㲻ҪҪ㣬ǿ㣬ȻҾܾ֪ܾµĺ𣿡һԵϷʱŭȵ
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ǣҶǳȻҡҡͷ˵ǿˡ
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ܺãҵҪδţߣһתߡ
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ͬʱҶǳҲһɫ۵ߣںѩ˵ЦŻ԰ľɫ
Ҷǳĵǵע⡣
ѩ۾ʱһҶ磬˰
˵ؽе
λɫ۵ߣҲ˻ʱ£ҲҶǳһ˫ڵĿ⣬ޱȵ䣬·µĲɣҶǳ뵽档
Ҷǳ־ᶨѾ˷ƣŷӦˡ
Ҷǳݼ˻ʱ£Ҷǳ
;ơ˻еѹȣ΢ЦؿҶǳ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ̧ͷٴο˻ʣ˻ѾһүүˣҲû֮ǰֺ˵ˡ
˻ڿѩʱг氮ͬʱһŵۡ
Ҷǳû뵽˻ʾȻҲһ棬·һڼҵүүƵģںԼŮˣ
ʵڳҶǳϡ
ѩţʺλҶ絥ġ𣿡˻ЦŶԱߵѩ˵
ѩǳɵص˵ͷ˵У㲻۸Ҷ硣
Ǻǣ㱣ô۸˻ʹЦ
漴˻ʿҶǳЦ˵ҶСӣԸ˼ҵǰ𣿡
ҶĳҡҶǳæ˵漴˻ʵʯ·ǰ档
˻ʱ˫֣ͦΣǰȻ͸һϵĻϢ
֪ΪʲôҶǳں濴˻ʱ˻Ѿˡ
˻ʵȻڣͷѾװˣϵϣҲƣͦεƺҲôǿˡ
ҶǳȻ뵽λ˻ս½˻ʵУһλ˻ʣѾˣﵽսʾļޣƴҲδʮꡢʮ֮ˡ
ҲΪˣӡӺǣŻôȨΪǼл̳лλˡ
ҶСӣѾ˴ݺҲ˽ˡ˻ͻȻ˵
ҶǳԴ˲ûκξȣϾԼѩģ˻ʶһİˣ϶ᰵ˴
˻ڵ˵̹̹Ҷǳܵǹɺ嫵Ļ֮ơ
ľ־ǿ츳ȷҲܾˣ˵ܹκѩĲ֪ѩĲΪʲô𣿡
˻ʻȻתҶǳ˵Ĺâ
ûʲôѹȣȴһʡ
ҶǳĿᶨ˵ܹκѩĲ
ȻܼѾκѩ飬˻ʱ¡
ǣ˻Щɡ
Ͼ˻Գ֣ļλʦ֣κѩֻʱѹסѩĲ顣
Ҷǳһʮ꣬ѵܹ⣿
ǵҶǳݺ֪ҶǳΪˣ˻ԸӼҶǳҶǳƭӡ
ѩĲԴڵĺǿĺһû֮ˣ޷ƣᱻɵġ
Ҷǳ漴˵
˻һ漴ͷܹóȷЩ¡Ȼ֪ѩڵĻǺӦǿκ𣿡
УҶǳŵ˵
ƣ˻ʵ
Ҳ˵ҵܡҶǳҡҡͷ˻ʣҲ˵Լܡ
˻һ㶣漴ЦСӵǻ˽һ֮ˣѵ̰ͼĶ𣿡
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦûнӻ
ˣֻҪܹκѩӡ˻漴˰֣ٴתǰȥ
Ҷǳ档
֪ѩڵĺô𣿡˻ͻȻ˵
֪Ҫõַֻ֣ʽһԼںϣһ츳оʦڵġ츳ѩӦÿԿƺŶԡԼںϵģѩҲӦÿԿƲŶԣʦڵĻ־͸ûΣˣҶĳҲЩɻ󡣡Ҷǳҡͷ˵
飬Ҳܺ档
˵ַʽȷԻû֣Ҳַʽȴ֪ؼ䣬еַʽԵõ֡ǿ𣬵ַʽõѡ񡣡
˻ʳ˵
Ҷǳ۾һַʽһû֪ʲôʽ
Ƕ¯˻ҧŭ˵ѩӵзǳıϵʣʺˣҵȺѩ֮󣬺Ҳʱʧȥ񱩵ԣʱֻҪӦĹܽռΪС
ѩΪ˵õ˭ô񶾣ѵ׷𣿡ҶǳԣʱĿɿڴַʽõʵ̫ˣΪʳ
ң
˻ЦԷսҵˣ֪ʲôս𣿾ǵսļ塣˶Ϊ˻ʣѾս½޵ˣ֪սҵУҲֻһ϶ѡս߳һˣսսʼǿߣкܶ࣬սСһսң׾ͿԺɨս½


141 ɺ
սң
˻ʵĻҶǳʱȻѹֶԷ˻ʡ
ǿս˵˵һսˣһλսǶ⡣
ÿһսҶͳιս½ǿս޾ԴǼ֮еǿҲкܶࡣ
κһսң޵еġ
ѹ˻˷ŭȴҲ޿κΡ
ǿսң˻ʣҲֻܲĵѡͷ
սңףǵϣһλţһǳΪս񣬺ųƳս񡣡
˻ʼ˵ΪλսоҲǳֻ̣ûֵķʽоģһֱ׼աֻط׼Ȼֻһλս񣬵ʵһ㶼ЩλսսҲڶսҵΪǿļս֮һ
û뵽ս񣬾ȻҲ飬ǿɳܡҶǳŭ˵
˻̾սҲҲͲôսˣλսΪǿƵһսͳεս½ˣ׼ҵūʱǹˮȵЩսҵˣҲֻܶսҵڲҳ
һΪս񣬵ȷս½ѡҶǳ̾
ǰ˻ʵ˵ͷ漴˵ս˺١ս񣬶䣬ǽѣûѹǡɮһ𣬱֮һһֱڣڴ¼
׼ҵ˻ڶѩ𣿡ҶǳЩǵʵ
κѩĲףǶԿһսңǾ˾ˡ
ëȫʢʱڣҲܶԿһսҡ
Ҷǳڸ۵
û˻ʱ£ֻܵ̾Ϊ
ǸҪѩΪںѩ֮ǿ϶֪ʱǾͻժġʵˡ˻ʳ˵
ϧעûˣһκѩģߣҶǳߵ
˻ʵ˵ͷ˵㣬ѩĸѩĲˣ׼ҵ˲֣ȻΣաңѾûмԻˣ޷ٱѩˡ
˵գ˻ʿҶǳ츳ܺãҲֵεˣһ죬ܹӵǿʵϣܹѩܵĿѾˣҲϣټֿѡ
һᱣѩģ׼ҡҶǳһ̾ڸûжԿ׼ҵıǮ̫ˡ
Ǻǣİɣôܰϣϣѩ飬аš˻΢΢Ц㻹ᣬ½δ˵ģֻϣһ죬ܹѩ
һҶǳ˵ͷ˻׼ͷˡ
ôҲһλսʣһ֮϶һЩơ
ͷ£˻ʵʱ˺ܶ࣬ҶǳЦ˵˵СҪˣԴԲǰһ˶ûдš
˲ɹҲᡣҶǳ˵Уš
֪ЩΪʲôɹ𣿡˻ЦԲĺһһԼҲϣܹﵽԲǸ߶ȣÿΰŵĿߣѧԺǿļѧԱһ˭ܴĹȥ
ԭˣҶǳȻ
ڵΪЩǿϧҲﲻ㣬ЩΪ˸ѩβѾľĵرѾûжĵر͸ˡ˻̾
Լ飬˻ʱ²⡣Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ǺǣҲʧκѩҵȻҲġĵرûУĶһеġ
˻˵գйâһ˼鼮
˵»ȱ֮УҲ˼λƵǿߣǶԷƵĸ򣬶ЩǸ͸ɡ
Ҷǳԣʱϲæ˵л˻ʡ
Щ̫ˣʲôĵرҪˡ
ҶǳȻ˷ƣֻһƤë˿׷罣⣬ûһ
ġơʵǿսģܴ
ֻǣҶǳڡơоûдﵽǸ硣
ëһ򡮻ƵģҲָ㲻Ҷǳֻܹ⿿ҶǳԼٶȾ˺ܶࡣ
ڣЩ»ȱıʼǣҶǳԺƾͿˣŻô˷ܡ
ЩҶǳ˵ֱʮƹԥͬ⡣
ΪֻʱѣҶǳ츳Ϊĺܿ졣
ǡơͲôܹˣеˣһӱһս磬޷ͻơ
ơǳѣԼǿ츳ѡ
ҶǳΪʲôҪѧԺ
ҪѧԺҵйطƵǰʼǣŻĸɣŻܿ졣
ҶСӣ׼ʲôʱҽѩ˻漴ʵҶǳôĺôɲǰ׸ġ
Ҷǳæ˵׼ҽѩҪѩһȥУס¥
ã²˳٣ǻ¥ġ˻ԣʱ˵Ҳ㿴ѩĲá
ţҶǳ˵ͷ
漴һЩʼı£Ҷǳѩص¥
ëڻָƣҶǳѩ˫˫ʱСӣ׼ھɺ𣿡
ʲô𣿡Ҷǳʵ
Ȼ⣡ë˷ۣɺĶ̫СɲУСӸ㰲һƧĵطС
ã֪ˡҶǳ˵ͷ
һƧĵط¥˵ֱСһ׮ϾͰҶǳ㶨ˡ
룬Ҷǳ¥һƬС
֮УһСľݡ
ЦŶҶǳ˵ϲƽĵطʱɡ
лˡҶǳм
ǺǣСһ׮æɣЦЦ漴뿪ˡ
Ҷǳѩë漴Сľݡ
ľ֮Ҷǳѩϥ£Ȼëָӣʼѩڵĺ
ëԼķ˲ڱѩ塣
СӣѾ̫ĸ죬ټ壬ԣƱѾͷĺʻҪֻҪʱѹסڵ̫ЩͻϽڡë
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ëȥȻǹɶѩڵĺ𣬶ʱ춯Ҷǳӿ
ȫˣһѾͷѾͷҲͿӵˣԺĳɾδػë
ҶǳҲף˴뺮һ㺮ЩԱѩɽˡ
Ҷǳжѩںϵ֮ڵЩʱŭˣ񱩵ԡ
СӣڣϽɣëȵ
ͬʱëѩѸ뿪Сľݡ
Ǹո뿪֮СľݶһɫĻճɻҽ
˳ԾǣЩɫ֮ϾȻһ˪
Ƚ棬ֱ漣


142 
𣬴֣ͿԿóһìܵĽ塣ǺֽȻ෴Ĵڣȴϵһ
ھŴУǷǳصĴڣһͷųߵ¶ȣջһͬʱҲͷų͵ĺһС
ʱСľݱջ֮󣬱¶˴״̬֮µҶǳ
֮á֡ݣΪ˿̵Ҷǳһ鶳ᣬһȵɫ档
Ҷǳһ״̬ģëǰѩ
ҶǳȻ˴뺮𣬵һСֺ𣬴ʱѩڷŭ
һ㺮𣬸˲ѩڱѩںϡ
ëһĻʱЦˣѾͷȻЩ˲ٿͷҲڴڼһǿ־˷ں˺Ժǰ;νøǺǣ
漴ëԶҶǳиһ˿غ͵ǡ
ΣյģҶǳ
Ҷǳյĺ̫ˣɺ𣬶ںϡ
ɱںϸΪԵͬʱҲӵΣա
ҪǣҶǳѾһ̫һʵֲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪һɽݶһ˵֣һ
ԣҶǳʱھһͷĥıԵһֻŶѾ̤˹Źء
Ҷǳɺʱڵ̫ҲͲסįˣڴ
̫ѾҶǳɣҶǳܹѹơ
ҶǳעĻڵǹɿ񱩵ĺȻȫţɺ̫ǿˣеǳĳ
ҿҴﵽս磬ë˵սɺ𣬿¾·һˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ͬʱεľ飬´βëˡ
ëȻḻû壬ʲôľ鲢ûá
ҶǳԺʱһҪԼΪ㹻ǿȥ𣬲֮ܲ
ҳɰɡ
˼֮УҶǳɣѾͷˡ
ʱһɫ棬һǶı飬һڲϵתš
ֱʱȥ֮Ҷǳɫ潥ЩҲ顣
һ̣һɻսЯһǿƣ˷ϯȥ
Զëܵһѹ֣տտضҶǳĽ治ϾѧСһ𣬿ϧүûǱѧϰžѧ
ʱҶǳڳ˺֮Ϊٶһ𣬴ﵽս
ʱ˿̣ҶǳоԼڵսѾﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȣԿͨսǿˡ
ˣҶǳʱս̺̫֮ͺ𣬹ǳǿ󣬾ս½ǿս
ڵսӦɻһͨľսˡҶǳ˫ȭӿȵʱš
ڣƾǿսаջͨľսˡ
ʹժֺƣôս͸ǿˡ
ټϻƽ֮ŵĻôҶǳڵսƿս֮³ˡ
ֻǲ֪ܷ񳹵״򿪻ƽ֮ţҶǳ漴뵽ڵĻƽ֮ţǰֻܽƽ֮ƿһ룬սǣ֪ܲܳ״ƽ֮ˡ
ƽ֮ڲ̺Ĵ̫Ӵˣһ򿪣ôҶǳսһ¥ﵽһȫµľ硣
ʱаԽӭսս
뵽ҶǳϥأʼڵӴսŻƽ֮ųȥ
СڸʲôԶëɻ
ڴʱҶǳͷųҵĽɫâͬһսһ㣬ҫۣ貶Ŀ
áСںƽ֮ţ
ë۾һɣʱ֪Ҷǳڸʲôˣѩٴ˳Զľ롣
뿪֮һǿҶǳϯȥ֮ƬֶݻˣΧľȻ
ԶԶȥҶǳϵĽɫԽԽң˾ͬһ̫ͷųƥԣ硣
һĪѾ״ƽ֮ţԶëȻ
ʱҶǳͷųϢܵ˾޴ѹ
ͷ·һսƵġ
ϢĿ죬ʧҲܿ졣
ҶǳϵĽ۾Ŀ¶һĨʧ֮ɫϧˣǲһ㣬Ҫҽս磬ܳ״ƽ֮Űɡ
ղѾȫҲֻǰƽ֮ƿʮ֮ţôһ㣬ʼ޷ƿ
ҶǳЩƣͲôһ㰡״ƽ֮ţôӵеǳֲˡ
ˣܹɺ𣬽ս磬ҲӦ֪ˡ
Ҷǳ漴ҡҡͷ
³ǣٵμѧԺĿˣ̶̲һµʱڣѾսս硣
˿µĽٶȣ˳ȥ³Ƕ䶯ġ
ս磬ΪıͺҶǳô죬ܲ𾪣
ҶǳҲ֪ЩΪεõ˻
ûл⿿ԼҪܾòܽսˡ
СӣôǲǴƽ֮ˣһϤͻȻ
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥëɹˣٿԶϥصѩѩϵϢѾƽǹɺҲںˡ
Ҷǳʱ
ûУǲһ㡣Ҷǳ漴ëҡҡͷ
ëһ㶣Щŵûд򿪣ǸղСӵȻôֲҪǳ״˻ƽ֮ţǿԽսսˣ
˵ܹΪսһţǶԽսԺܹԽսսҶǳ̾
ԹܹΪսģš
ţԽս
ԣҪԽսսķǳѣֻһЩ֮ˣܹõ
ЩˣһӵųΪսʣսľ޴Ǳ
Բˡ
ٺ٣Сڲս磬սڰսǾսʱСһԽսսԻսëЦ˵
Ҷǳ츳ˣ֪Ҷǳӵ־޴Ǳ
ǺǣԺ飬Ժ˵ɣνս磬ҶڴѾ˱ʤİˡҶǳ΢΢Цڵ͸Ĺâ
ѧԺţǴˡ
촺ϳǣϷǣţ
콾
Ƕ۾Űɡ
Ҷǳ뵽տտš
Сʵ̫ˣүҪŬˣԺ󶼿Ϊˡëһ߸п˵
ʵڵʵһҲƻָ֮ͿԷǿųƹʱܽսˡ
츳սսսǾսˡ


143 
ҶǳɺĶ̫ˣƽ֮ʱϢѾ¥֮еһЩǿ߸Ӧˡ
ûãҴҸˣǰһƬǽʱɵһĿɿڴĿࡣ
İְϲ֮أôһתۣͱˣ·һ춯صĴսƵġ
ǰһǸҶǳ죬ЦҶ֣Ǹʲô
ͻƣûпƺǱǸˡҶǳǸ⣬ǰֻźƽ֮ţȴû뵽ƽ֮ŵ̫ǿ󣬰Ƭֶݻˡ
һ㶣漴ϲҶ֣ͻˣ̫ˣһ㴳ŵĻˡ
Ǻǣ⻹Ҫлֵİæˣ֣ѩ֮УҪһǻҪҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴˵
˰֣ûµģѾԸˣ˴
˵գ뿴Աϥصѩ۾΢΢һɵþȵѩȻ̶ʱڽ˶սʿ磬ҿӣڼǲ˼顣
ѩ츳ܺãǰǱħĥŵĲѾȬˣΪһǧҶǳ͵
찡ҶȻκѩĲЩŵؿҶǳŴͣг𾪺Ͳ˼顣
ѩĲѾ³ǣֻҪϲĴ϶֪ѩûˣʦֻ֣ʱѹѩĲ飬ɼ䡮жôء
ڣһʦ˻ʶ޲ߵĲȻһʮκˣš
벻ò̾Ҷ֡δҲ̫˰ɣ츳Ƿβ˶ôֱǰδ
ǺǣҲǽҶѡҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴תƻ⣬ʵˣ֣ʲôҵϢ𣿡
ҶǳԸ˵ҲûǿϾÿ˶Լܡ
£˵ͷ˵ǰһֱ̽Ϣ³ǣ϶Ѿ֪ҪŵϢˡңһЩĳ̿ڣӮ϶ǶģǺǡ
ҵǽѹӮ˵ܹû׬һʡֻǲ֪֣Ƿ
ҶǳԣЦſ룬ڵ˸Īɫʡ
տտϸҶǳβ¶һĨЦݣû뵽ҶţȻˣ¾ӣһΡ
ǺǣҶĳʧġҶǳЦ˵
Ҷ硭ʱ򣬲Զѩ۾Ҷǳе
Ҷǳæ˹ȥ֮ɫѩû°ɣ
ѩ΢΢һЦĵ˵Ҷ磬Ҹо¶ҲǰôˣңһܿڵɫĻ桭
˵գѩ̧ƣһɫĻӿֳţһ趯ľ顣
֣
Աߴľ
ѩĵɫ棬̶ɫһ䣺ԣֵôôǿ󣿱һĵػǿˣѵǡ
˵ûм˵ȥˣ𾪵ؿѩ
֣ѩƿص𣬺ҪŶҶǳЦ˵
ͬʱҲ̽һѩΪѩѾ˶սʿ磬ѹ¶
⺮̫ǿˣܹѩһΣҲǺġ
ȻǺ𣡡
ԣɵ֮̾ɫ̶Ľؿѩд˻֣ԺĳɾͲҲܹ˻ʱȼ硣
ôܱȵϸʣѩͷһϲͨУ˻ʾһĴڣûҪȼ˻ʡ
ҶǳЦ˵Ժ˻Խ̵㣬ٶȻܿġ
Ҷ磬ҪһѩЦ
Ǻǣ㻹Ȼȥ˻ϢɣһżҶǳЦ˵
ѩһ
ѡȷܡ
ҶǳѾˣδ֮󣬱ǰѧԺ
Ů鳤Ҷǳ˵ʡ
ҪģĿǰ
ðɣҶ磬Ҽ˸ʣ㡣ѩ˵ͷҲ֪˻ںżȺʼػʹȥˡ
Ҳ뿪ˣҪȥѹҶǳӮ
Ҷǳë»صסʼȹΪ׼Ĵš
봳Żһݵʱ䣬ʱڣҶǳûмΪˣΪΪӵ̫ˣûʲôãҲҪúȹһ¡
ͬʱҶǳҲĥԼؽ֮Լսﵽǿ
ʱһȥˣŵˡ
һ죬ѧԺĴſڣۼ˺ܶˣȫֵġ
Ȼ³Ǿųɾŵ˶ΪҶǳԴţôѾ˴ˣѵһδţЩֵȻ
ι˵ҶǳСܹڼ
ڼһȥ
ҲԣҶǳСӣǰѹû˵¾츳ٺãҲòȥ
ǰҪ츳رģõŲμӿ𣿿ֱӾͱѡΪˡ
Ҳ֣һͽˡ

Χ۵Ⱥ۷׷ס
ѧԺĴ߽ȥѧԺĴ㳡߽ȥ
ֱ͵
νĴţδ
ˣѧԺѧԱԺģҲԺġ
ŵģҲʹһûܹġ
ǳ˰裬ṳ̂
ҶǳСôûѵǺˣѧԺĴſڣŹЦ֮ɫ
ϳ΢΢ЦΣҲȡˡ֪صһˣԺʮλǿѧԱʱ򣬾ҪǸ˵ʵҲȲңʮŸɴһİսҲס
Բǰ޴ޱȣҲжţֻδһû뵽ȴԴ۽ˣ˵ҪлҶǳСӡϷǹЦ
Ѿˣ͵ſҶǳЦ
֮⣬ѩаҲ絽ˣڲԶԶĽӵѰҶǳӰ
֮ӰԶĽֵȥ
;֮һƬĵģ˶еһ꿴
˱Ҷǳ
ԴҶǳ洳֮ĻѾ³ǣΧ۵Ⱥڶʶһ۾ϳˡ
쿴Ҷǳˡ
ᰡԲ٣Сӹʮ궼
˵ֻʮ꣬ôСţЦ𣿡

Ⱥ֮дһ
վѧԺſڵϳǡϷǺˣǿҶǳˣʱ۾һ漴¶Ц
Ҷ磡
Ҷ磡
ѩͰͬʱе漴ɵؿ˴ˣнһ˿Ⱥɻ
ƺ룬ôʶҶ磿
ҶǳŮ΢Цŵ˵ͷ漴Զϳˣɵ¶һĨЦ
ҪҵЦ𣿡
ϧעûˡ
ҶǳЦš


144 
ѧԺſڣҶǳ룬Ȫһˡ
ѩͰŮæӭȥ
һĻòԶȺһƬȻ
Щǣһͨ۾ʺޡ
ɱ˵ĻôҶǳѾˡ
ǰ֪ʦ᳤ĹŵӣҪΪ߼ʦˡ
Ҳ֪òǻһ壬ԺܻΪʦȢԺҩóˡҪǣôƯ
ѩ˻ʵ飬˻ȢѧԺ𣿡
ҶǳʲôΪǰδ˵ȻԵõλ֮ŮĺøС
ѹһҴţѩڣʧˣʲôϵ

۷׷ףһĽʺޡ
ͬʱǸӺҶǳݺ֪ҶǳĴӵܡ
վѧԺſڵϳǡϷǺˣȴɫޱȡ
ţԼĽİҶǳĸ첲ʱ۾涼Ҫðܻˡ
ңѩҲڱҶǳĸ첲
һҧŭȻϲѩȻҲ뷨ڿŮҶǳǾͱжôζͼˡ
ʵҪֱսҶǳˡ
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ϳɭȻЦſǲģҲһͻ棬ߺߣ
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ʱһĽʺ޵ҶǳȴЦؿǰŮ
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Ҷ磬һ𳤴ôû˵㻹ʶѩ΢Ц˵ǻķâȴһԵѩüͷһ
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ѩڿʱеĵŨˣͬʱҲ˼ɵ֮ɫ
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ҶǳҲò𴩰ֳֻܱĬ
һԵѩҲʾ΢΢ЦԭҶһ𳤴İô˵൱ùϵˣǺǣ˵ԺѩҲҪһˣ
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һ͸ˣֱӰѩҶǳֻ׼ѩѪɫ˲ˡ
Ҷǳ״ǻɵÿЦˣˣǴİɣȥˣȺһﻹΪҺˡ
Ҷǳһ˵ѩ˵ˣæͷ
Ҷ磬Сĵ㡣ѵһ֮ɫ
һԵѩҲĵҶ磬ҲҪǿȫҪ
֪ˣǾͺúÿŰɣһţסҡҶǳ΢΢һЦš
ʱյգҶǳϣԵó
ĿУҶǳŲȥ
ѧԺĴſڣϳǡϷǺһЦؿҶǳ
СӣİϷ֮ɫ
ҶǳԼЦ°ܽȻվҵǰƤҲǹġ
㡭ϷǶʱ˵
ȷҶǳ°ܽһΣԷ
һԵЦ֣㲻غһϻųų
ҶǳؿţߵǴţ͹ӭ߳ģҴ𣿡
ϵЦݶʱסˣû뵽ҶǳĶģһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ȻΪҶǳԴţҲ״ģһҶǳţҪӭӣǻΪ³ǣµ۹Ц
һԵϳǿϷǺŶҶǳסˣɵÿЦҶǳҲⲻ˶ã㴳ţѧԺҲù
𣿡
Ҷǳؿг˳֮ɫ˵ĿԴɣ
˵գҶǳҲǣŵ̨̤ȥ
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һ·߽ȥĵذ嶼ǽɫģһȥǻƽ𣬹â貣ҫ۶Ŀ
ʵ̫ˣ
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Ϊ˹սѧԺڽŵʱ򣬾Ѿ׼˹ս̨
ս̨ͽĸһҲս̨عۿսߴŵ
ս̨ĴСҲޣϾѧԺҲô󣬲ݵȫ֮ˡÿһս̨ʵҲֻˣֻܳСƱܽ
Ʊһ͸ѧԺѧԱһЩʹ壬ȵо޴ϲԱ
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ܹƱģҲûǮģҲֻһЩˡ
һεƱѧԺ׬ȡİңֱֻˡ

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û뵽Բǿ󣬶ҪΪսˡҶǳ뵽
ң⻹ԲԺʱ֡
ԲжԺ֮λ󣬱Զȥ׷Ѱǿ
ѾȥˣԲҪǻţҲˣսҲôãѾɡ
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ڿյģǳ޴ͬһ޴ֻ̨һǡѡ
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ʱڲԶҶǳһȺѧԺѧԱʮˣųɶУؿ
ЩѧԱĺ棬ͨһĴš
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ǳְɣ
ĻҶǳЦĺڽûȡ
һѧԺѧԱ״ʱһɫŭ֮ɫǾñҶǳСˡ


145 һ
ǿ
һҲ̫˰ɣ
ˣȻΣȫ𣿡
λ±飬һҪݺݽѵСһ١
ˣ

Ҷǳľٶǳ׼ŭʮλѧԺѧԱǴ˿һͨ۾ɱضҶǳ޲ðսӳ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦɨǰʮλѧԺѧԱڵ͸ǿҵš
ЩѧԱȻţΪսһЩսٶ࣬ҶǳҲɲʲô˺
ֻɵ󷨣Ҷǳеһ˿ΣյϢ
ϧëܴĻһ֪ʲô󷨣Ҷǳ뵽
ȻҲ޾壬ϾһȺսɵѵɱһλսܡ
οҶǳʵȾսҪһЩ

ս̨
ϷЦ˵һҲ̫ˣȻΣҪ֪ЩѧԱȻֻսǼȻܹѧԺ϶ԽսΪ׵ǼλƶԽˡ
ߣ֪֪³ˡϳߵ
ֻ˵⻹еȤ˵ʵһ㴳һأҲܱ˶Űһ
ڳЦҶǳߵġӡǣҲͷš
ȻûгԳҶǳҲҶǳ̫ɶˣһȥˡ
Щɶļһ
ԶѩŭصЩˣг˷ŭ
һԵİߵֻҶ紳һأҿǷЦó
һΣŮѵվһ
ԱߵȪüȻҺҶϵܵʵΣҲ̫𣿡
ٺ٣ˣšһҪνҪȫ֣ôҶʲôʸȥʣµЦ˵
ȪʱȻ

˿̣ڣѾˡ
ǱҶǳŭʮλѧԺѧԱֱ㲻飬ͬ߶ɱ˹ҶǳΧС
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ֻǣСܹҶǳ
ҾʹģҶǳһЦѾͬһŰΧһЩѧԺѧԱɳȥ
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ЩѧԺѧԱȴǰͺ̵ɱǰһȦɣһȦϾͽˡ
һǿʵ
ѧԺѧԱ
ǲǰ׳գѧԺľӢһԽսһ˲ͱҶǳɳȥʵ̫ˡ
ߣѹдŵұˣȫԸһΪ׵ѧԺѧԱȵ
ѧԺɫҲǰ׳գҶǳһѾܿˣʵǿޱȡ
ʵͨѧԺĿˣΪҪף
һЩѧԺѧԱֹ
ѾҶǳһαˣϾҲǰ׳գҶǳʵôܻõף
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Ҷǳͺһͷڴ֮С
Եη壬˫Ȼ̧һۻսϯȥ漴˫ƹעȥʹ˫Ʊһ۵Ĺâ
СġһѧԺѧԱüͷһһͻȻȵ
ߣҶǳһ˫Ƴǰȥиǵͺȵժ֣
Ǻֻ޴ӡֶǰѹȥư磬ƺˡ
ժ֣ųƿժеǳ֪
ڣҶǳﵽս磬սȾսԸܹժֵӳˡ
ãֵס
ȫ
ɱ

ЩѧԺѧԱʱˣһܵΣ׷״߶󣬲ҽս߶۷״̬
ҶǳЦؿһĻ
¡¡
ֻ޴ƣЯŰƣн䣬ƥʱŰͰʮѧԺѧԱѪ뵹ɳȥ
󣬶ʱͱҶǳƵˣʮλѧԱһӾһ룬
ɶ񣡡
ôܣ
Сôôǿ

ϳǡϷǺ˿һĻʱɫ䣬г˾ŭͲš
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ǰһĻǵϣҶǳȻһ˵ǿƣһƾͷ
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е˼ҶǳȻʵȴǿޱȣѧԺյʮҪˡ
ᣬ츳ô޷ͨˣ
˵ѧԺĿ˱Щӵܺ͹ӵܰѿأˡ
ѧԺԽԽ׹ˣȥűߣôѧԺʵ
ɲԲһ˺ɨѧԺҲˣЦ촺󱲻ôҲʰ
ѹÿԺ䣬ѧԺףѧԺѾȡ˶ٴεһˣѧԺҲкܶλõһֻѧԺһֱףΪս½Ц

Χš
νڣҲ£ܹ˹սģǵҲɵ
ѩ롢Ȫ˿һĻʱĵЦˡ
һ£ҶǳţҲ±˳ЦˣѧԺܵ˵ˡ
ⲻһǿϢѧԺڲ
촺һؼٹս̨˲ˡ
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ϧҶǳʵѾ˿ˣһ㼴촺Ҳѹס
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ʱҶǳѾ׻ʮλѧԺѧԱ𺳵ĿУŵڶȥ


146 
һƬš
ʣµĶʮλѧԺѧԱҲҶǳĽŲΪǵ󶼱ҶǳһƻƣЩбܽõżȥ
ԣЩѧԺѧԱǣؿҶǳڶ
ҶǳıӰЩѧԱǵ鶼ܲƽ
ϾЩ˼ȻԽѧԺһԺǿʮˣǵ츳֪
Щˣһеš
ڣҶǳһȣǾͷԼͨĲͨˡ
ܵصĴ
ǿЦΪţһֱѧԺѧԱݶǺʹ˱ǼֱһЦ
һѧԺѧԱЩǷϵ˵
˱ˣעǾ֮ϵҵⱲܹΪ߼սѾܲˣҪܹΪսǱԹҫˡ
֪һܷ񴳹
ҲȥսɣѵһôţҲҲ֮¡ٺ٣
˵ĲܸԲǰЩˣҲܵĹ٣Ǽ֤Բǰ𣬼֤һ档
ǺǣΪܹȼԲǰһ㣬Ҳ٣Ͼ̫ˡ
ЩѧԺѧԱ˵ţ漴һŻȥ׼ս
һһĹСֻ࣬װе㲻ͬԵøӺһ㣬һЩ
ڻſڣͬһ޴ʯдżּ
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ܹһҶǳ츳ѾǳˣܴţѧԺǿ϶ѧԺʧ
ٺ٣ѧԺʧҲһˣѾϰˡ

ս̨ϵ˵̸š
Ҳ촺Ͼ촺Ҳܶ˷ŭսˣеıһ㶼촺ġ
ҶһƾѾ뻯ˣʵ϶Դһ
ܼҶԱߵѩЦ˵
ѩҲЦݵؿҶǳ뻯
ڣͬжλѧԺѧԱأһʮ˸ˣ˵˺ܶ࣬ǿɶԺѧԱ
ңʮ˸ˣһɫսԺҲǶ
ʮ˸˲ûʮһɴ󣬶վڴУЦ棬ĮƽؿҶǳ˽
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ΪˣǸҪЭΪǶԼʵš
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һԺѧԱȻЦ
ҶǳѾˣǻƵؽţΪǶԼʵǳš
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磬վһǿΪ磬ֻҪʵͻõӦеĵλ
ˣˣСӿһƾͻ󡣡˺ȵɫ࣬ǰҶǳ
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ЩԺľӢǳĽҶǳɴһ㶼⡣
Ǿعصˣ
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Σ
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ǾͿûбҰνʸˣҶǳЦûаγĺڽֻ̧һֻƣָ罣һǿĽʱ
ڷŭˣһĳеĳϸһ㣬γһܲ͸ĴҶǳ˶档
һսǿߣսȴѾﵽս۷壬ҶǳսϷǻҪǿ
ȻܹԺˣеš
ҶǳһָбȥĽԽԽ࣬˶һһϵһĽ
䣡
䣬ϡ
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ѧԱҲ˵ͷѾмˣҶǳˡ
䣡ҲڴʱҶǳӴ󹥻ȣǰɳȥشһˡ
óڽɫĮؿʣµʮ߸꣬ڵųʢս⡣


147 ͵Ϯ
һƬѻȸ
ս̨ϵˣ˿ҲĬˣǿҶǳУ˾֮̾ɫ
Ҫ֪ǿһλսһѧԺԺľӢ
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һȻ
ʣҶǳ˵ģȪбˡ
ȪͷȻȺдս̨
ţ
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ѧԺǿˣôһǿţǾȻ߳ȥһ˵ףֱһЦ
̫ˣѧԺԶҲԺһ
µ۹ĵһѧԺѵ׹𣿡

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ͣ
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˵츳ʱԲҪǿ󡣡
δܻᳬԽ콾
ѧԺǿˣôһţȻǸˣֱѼˡ
ٺ٣ҶǳţʱѧԺѧԱ
⵹ǣ񵱳ԲһȻѧԺľЩۣǳΪѧԺʷܳѧԱ
˵ҶǳԲ·ҵǲôΪȻǰûҶǳȴܹܵĳСƺһֵٺ٣

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Сӵȷе㱾£ȻԶһܹùһΣܹùڶΣ
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ҶǳĻ£һϤӰӴ˽Ҷǳйһ֮ԵϷ塣
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䶢ҶǳɭЦ͵ϮֻߣŻ֣ǿѵ±͵Ϯ𣿡
ع֮ˣҶǳ˵
ϷüͷһȻ˵Сǲ˵ĲҲعˣǡ
Ϸָʮ˸˵ѧԱǣʱЦһм̫ʧˣܹס㣬ҲͲ鷳ҳˡ
ʮ˸ѧԱԶʱŭޱȣȴΪսߣʵҲԶԶϷ塣
ǵݺ͵λҲϷ塣
ϾϷ岻ʵǿ󣬶һ֮ӣǻеһˡ


148 뵶
ȻϷ壡
ԭع֮ӡ
˵ϷѾս磬ǿ츳ɶܻһЩսսȾս
ҶǳҪֹˡ
ǿδŶҾҶǳǿһЩ
̫ܰɣϷԺеĶǿߣʵս½һǰˡȻ콾õԺָ㣬ҲѾϷˣϷԿԺŽǰǿ
ô˵ҶǳܹѾ֤ǿ츳ˣҪ˵ףһٸţ
ϻףֲǰ׳գ˭ЩӵҶǳӵܰˡ

ս̨һ۷׷ס
У촺ޱȣ׺ˡ
ϾжҶǳ׵ģڣҶǳѾԼʵ֤ûףôԺͶˡ
Сѩ㣬˴֮Уô˻Ҳ˵ʲôߣ
촺Ҷǳг˺⡣
ѾϷ˵ˣڴɱҶǳ
ΪҪʲôۣϷӦҪ󣬵û뵽ϷȻ붼ûʹӦˡ
촺֪ǣҶǳڻʹܾӵѾŻϷֽѵһҶǳˣԲ˵ϷҲȫֵġ
ȻϷػ
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Ⱥһ
ֻӣԶѩһ˫۾ҧгݣݺݵضǡ
ԱߵİߵһȺСѣᣬҶ϶ܹġ
ǵȻҶڻûʹȫءЦ˵
ҶϵܵĽȻҾãĻƷȪҲͬصͷ
˼ս
УҶǳϷѾˣһ˳źڽ裬Ϭƥһֳֳ˸ݺᣬ񷡣
ҶǳȻ츳Ͼս磬սĶ֡ϷȻ֮ɫսϵشϯȫеĳ֮УӶһµĵҶǳ
˺
ޱȣͬеĲӿޱߵľˣһһˣϵĴǰ
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ս𣿡
Ҷǳ治ɫؿһĻЦȻֻս𣬵ȴԽսսǰֵһᡣ
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áǿôоһսǿߣһѧԱ
˲˾ᣬ˾أѾҪˡơˣһѾЯһ˿ơˡѧԱܺãɫغ𾪵˵
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ѧԱʱһ
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Զս̨˾ѣԵһ
ˣѾˣ׵Ϯûеȴˡ
˶ҶǳϷʵסˡ
Ҷ磡
ѩͰ֮ɫ
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˵ӲʯģԳס߼սĺû뵽Ȼˡ
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ΪҶǳ̫ˣôʵǸ츳
콾ҲȲϰɡ


149 ȥ
ٶĻȻˣս𺳲ѡ
ⶼӰ첻ڶԳֵҶǳϷ壬˱˴ţĿж֮ɫ
ò˵ѧԺѧԺеĶǿߣȷͬ졣
Ϸ岻Ϊﵽս磬Ҫǣ츳ǿҶǳô˵Уһˡ
˵ʵھսжǶģȻ̸Խ3ҲܽӽˡҶǳ뵽
ëҲ3ѡ
ҶǳҳϣʵȷҪң㻹СԶϷ˵г֮ɫ
ڣĽѾҶǳˣ˾衣
û뵽Ҷǳʵôǿ
ѾȫˣȻκβҶǳˡ
Ҫ֪Ժôã̶ܹȵģҲ˶ѡ
ңǳϵţʮš
ȻܵͣҪ֪ϵǿߣǾսϷܹսΪȥɼ츳ǳˡ
ԤˣֻҪϷΪս磬ôһԳǰʮ
ҶܹϷϣгѾ㹻ˣǺǣ
ս̨ϣЦǺ˵
ԱߵȪһ֮̾ɫҶϵܲʮ꣬ʮгӦǳһ˰ɣ
ҶֲڳһˣһкӵܵеһˡЦ
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Ǻź͹壬Ǻźսң۾΢΢𣬳мΣսҵӵ߳Щսҵӵܣ϶ʮге񡣡
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ˣҪ֪ܹˣսǿߣʮͳΪսжôǿ츳
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һ˵սӵܵ츳ʱˡ
Щǰ˭ܱΪţ
ǺǣսսռѧսõԴ˭ܸǱȣ
΢΢һЦ˵ҪǣЩսҵĵϵӵܣкܴļʻŴս츳ͬսǺսѪ츳ʣЩܹȼ磿
һ˵õȮ죬һһս޵ˣȪ̾
˵ͷ˵˵ĲֻҪκһսǼֻҪţǾͻ棬ǿ߲٣ÿͻһӵսǣսѪˣעս֮޵еĴڡ
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սҵȷ֮ӣÿ߳սӵ֮ܶӣֻĳսһܳӵܣܱΪ֮ӣЩ˶ųսǿ츳ٲҲܳΪս𡣡ҡҡͷ͵
ЩһٳѧԺǰֱһЦȪ̾
΢΢һЦ漴˻Ҷǳ˵ǿɲһŶ٣Ҷźսӵܱȼ츳ҵϣЩսҵӵ߳ͺˡ
ٺ٣ʢƺѿõˡȪ˵ͷҲЩڴ
ս˵Уһֱһ˵
ֻսҡɮһߣǲһЩ˺ѿǵʵ
ңɮһܲҲû֪
һУʹսҳΪһ˵һԡ

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Զ˿ô񫣬һ˺Ѳ񷣬һݺ죬ս
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ˣܵ˳ϣԺǿ֮һϷ塣
ȻϷ壡
Ҷǳˡ
ˣ˴ˣǼ
ҶǳϷ壬ϷǳھʮţǴҶǳҲ˳񣿡
찡Ŷôĳţһûأ

ս̨һƬȻ
ѩȪ˸˲ѡ
෴ϳǡϷǺţһ֮ɫ
Щ֮ǰ֤Ҷǳ׵ĹӵǣҲüͷŵ֮ɫ
Щӵǰ֮԰ϳǶԸҶǳҲǿҶǳǺӵܣûб۸
ڣҶǳǰѩģ츳ˣˣעǲĴڡ
ǣȴѾˡ
ѱ֤Ҷǳ׷¡
еǡ
ɫѿģλվڸ߿еĸԺ촺
촺ڵɫȺڹҪڣû뵽Ҷǳôǿ󣬽ԺǰϷ嶼ˡ


150 ǰ
Ծţҡ죡
ſڴͬһ޴ʯ˸֡
Ҷǳ˿ѾһҲǵǰ
ֻҪţΪŽΨһһȥĳš
ǸıʷҲǴʷһ̡
ԶĹս̨ϣһڹս߶ס۾￴
Ǽ֤ʷʱ̡
ȻܷĿԸıʷҪҶǳǲܴ
ߣһ촺Ϸػôˣֻˡϳ˵
ԱߵϷüͷһɵþȵǰ
еǰѧԺԺĵһˣҲ𾪵
ԺϷǿģֻǰˡϳЦ˵
콾أ촺ûа𣿡Ųɵʵ
ϳҡͷ÷ǰòŷóƹսڱչȹΪ촺Ӧòŵ
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ϳЦСôܱȵ÷ҸףԺ÷˵ӵгΪսʵǱ
սʰԺǰ콾һԺִǰܲϷĽ֮ɫ
쿴ǰˣĹȻôˣȻ۾һ˵
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ǰڻУ츳ŽǰͱϷϳǴΪҲǿﵽ˰ս磬ʵھѧԺԺ
⣬ǰǳϵţ47ܹ԰սΪﵽΣ츳֪
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ˣǰҲ˾غ;ᣬ츳ϷҪǿö࣬ʵȻҲǿĶࡣ
Ҷǳƣһľս۷ǿߣδĶ֡
ֻһĻôһսٴˣ봳ȥˡǰ˵˫֣ͣڲԶһǿƣеͬһΡĴɽҶǳǰ
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ǰ̫ǿˣҶǳڸǶ֡
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ҾãѧԺѹͲϣܹţϾ츳õѧԱͱǰսѧԺĳһŵţǴѧԺĸ߲㶼Ϲۣ鰡
⵹ǡ

۵ʱԱߵϳǡźϷҲ¶Цݡ
Ҿ˵ˣǰĶ֣һսذɡϳЦ
Ϸǵ˵ͷ˵˵ʵ̫ˣҶǳСΨһһƱٶȣǿٶȣûвǰ
ϣǰһ㣬㲻ɱСӣҲҪݵ˵
İɣ촺İţǰԲġϳɭЦ
Զѩ¶ɫ
ҶΪǲ̫࣬츳ԿԻǰѩЩĵ˵
˵ͷ˵ʮǰҶʮ꣬츳ԶԶҶ硣
Ҳ̫ģҶڻûб¶ʵ˭ʤ˭һءԱߵЦ˵ۿҶǳ¿ɮһĻǿսڻûзӳȻҶǳʵ
쿴ҶϵڽˣҪˡͻȻԱߵȪ˷ܡ
ȥֳеҶǳͻȻ˺ڽһȺ˽ҶǳˣʱЩɻˡ
ǰüͷһ壬֪ҶǳΪͻȻڽѵ׼ս
һҪ𣿡ŲЦ


151 ޵
սģû˵ʹս
ԣҶǳڽ֮һڹս߶⡣
վҶǳǰǰһ˫Ϭ񣬽Ҷǳ׼𣿡
Ӧ㣡ҶǳЦͬʱһɳҵĹâ𽥴˫֮б
ǰ۾΢΢ĿȤضҶǳ˵˼ҵҪˣʲô
˵գǰЯһǿҶǳһȭΧĿ졣
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ǿԶİѩоͳ˼ʺͷŭ


152 
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ҶǳҶǳҳСˣһôҲ㻹ܷڶơ
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ǰҶǳĻͫ΢΢һ漴˫ڵӣ͵رҵľ⣺Ҷǳұ붯һеģΪҺԩ޳ûҪɱ㡣ڣΪӮҲòˣͿ컯ˡ
ǰĻ£еĳǹͻȻâɣ壬Ҳڷ⣬뵽һ塣
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153 
촺Ե÷ǳĵû㹻֤ݣѩΣ
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ʱҲ촺Ǽæѩ顣
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Ȼǹɾ޴Ҷǳݺݵغɳȥصˤڵϡ


154 漣
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µʯ壬ײùˣѪȾ˵档
Զĵ棬һƬǽ壬󣬷Ǿôս
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Ŵ㶵Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵СһҸеǳǸͬʱҲѧԺǸ
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˺ߵѩէȻ˻ʵĳ谮ǸҪ֣ȴֲ֪˭СӺҶǳйϵҶǳ뿪֮ȥͶѩѩշϳǺ˭ҲΪһԹͻɱġ
ǰʱ֮ɫ
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ҶǳȪæ˵磬˵Ĳѩէȷ֪˭ܹ˺٣ԺҲϣܹѩ
ǹҲŶԣȪЦĺˣΪС룬һȥͶѩģ˭Ը
˵֮ȪֵˣЩ˵Щֻֻۣ֤ǹˣֲ֤Ļ
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ô죿Ȫһ㶡
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һԵʱҲǵȻҶ׼ߣҾȥ׼һˡ
ͷˡҶǳм
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ʱֻʣҶǳˣŶԱֻûëļ
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Ҷǳ˿ʱһĿ࣬Ϊŵͼϱ־ĶǸĹصĵзĹĵͨ־һиֻãȫһĿȻ
ŵͼҶǳƬĹ԰棬ƽء
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ˣлˡҶǳ漴˵
ˣ׼ȥ𣿡ٺһЦ漴Щʵ
ȻһˣȥѧԺѧԺһλԺʦҵƼšҶǳ˵
Ƽţ۾һɣ漴˼˵ɵѧԺԺʦƼţҪѧԺѧԺҲûЩˡ
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ˣȲǲٻȥˣֱȥ۹ɡ漴˵
Ҷǳüͷһ壺УұҪȥһˣЩҪһ
ԺٿҲٰγɹ³ǣҲ׷ɱǿ϶µȥʱǵˡ
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أԺʲô㣿ĴΪ𣿡ҶǳЩʵ
һЦ˵ĴƯˣµ۹תƵҲˣȹʱ䣬Ҳȥ۹תתʱҪҺȾŶ
Ҿ۹ˡҶǳ΢΢һЦ
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ѩʱ˵ˣȻᣬҶǳİȫҪ
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ˣԺˣֻҪ˻ʰѧԺȡòμԺʱǾԺʱټˡҶǳЦ˵ô˵ҲΪ˴̼ѩϣܹú
ϾѩҪٵΣܴ󣬾ҶǳҲûжٰձԼʵܹǿһЩǵȻˡ
ңѩӵк츳ټ˻ʵָ㣬Լ˻Դֻ֧֣ҪĿ¹ǽԻһǧġ
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ҪŬˣҪ֪ÿԺ䣬ÿѧԺֻѡѧԺԺôţҪǰǺѰңʱ䲻ˡҶǳЦ
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أҶǳһ漴Ц⻹˱˰ܹһξѾˣû뵽ѩȥأֱƵġ
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ӵõ츳ӵԴӵսʼʦ̵ȻǰܸҶǳ
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ͬʱ콾ʱеѹȫԸսסԼȫֵҶǳ̫
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ѧԺѧϰôʱ䣬콾ȻֵóػֻǵػĻ
ֻǴ˵е𣬲Ż


165 Żɽ
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ѹʱ䣬ҶǳΪô죬ӵּĻ֣ȫԳΪһǿʦ㹻ĵҩԼΪ
Ҫ콾սܣǲܸĵġ

콾ţɫޱϵؼԼǱԼеȫȫԼƵ˼ޣǿս
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ʱ콾սѾ̫ĵĲˣ޷סҶǳһƣʱͱѪιȥ
Ҷǳ俴һۣûɱ֣תߡ
һǳּҵ֮ӽԺҶǳҲּû˿ϵ´Ҳ顣
һĻҶǳд콾ĶС
콾ҧ۾ҶǳıӰг˲ŭ
Ҷǳ߳˶̫޾ΧĻ棬ܹЩ棬Լġ
콾һս֮ҶǳĽ᳹׽⿪ˣĵһ࣬ͷǳͨ
ʱҶǳоԼΪһЩͻƣҪ˶ãȻȻؽսˡ
Ͼ⼸콾ĶԹһֱѹУ쳹׽ˣһͷų
˺ҶǳУѾֻʣһĿꡣ
ǾǳΪս̤۷壬׷޼ʵ֮
죡
һ𣬺ȻԶд
Ҷǳʱ۾һУԶգϾ֪촺ˡ
ǵжѾʧˡ
ܹǣס촺ôãҶǳѾǳˡ
Сӣ߰ɣʱëһƬ֮˳Ҷǳǰ
һӣҶǳʱ֪ղžһҵսЦô𣿡
үȣСǱүĶ֡ëʱޱȵ˵
ѧԺĿ֮УϷǵĶ֣ʱ䣬ųƹİѾսڣսѾԽϷˡ
ңë͵ϮɱϷ׾١


166 
Ϸˣܺãξ͵ȸһѵԺϸ¡ҶǳԣʱЦ
ȻɱϷǣض͵𣬵һ㶼⡣
Ϊ˫̶ȣѾûлĿˣǱȻġ
ңҶǳҲֺƢˣԷӶطɱȻټ
ϧû취ɱţȻĻҶǳ
ȻѩڣҶǳҲһܹô
߰ɣ촺ǸƥͿҪˡë˵գȳŹĹķȥ
ҶǳҲо촺ϢԽԽˣ𣬱ȥ
޾Χͨ棬Щ淴ᱻգӶָղĵ
ﱾ;Ĺ겻Զһһӿٶȣܿ͵ִ˴˵ء
ĹȻҲв˿̶¹ɽǳܴˣټëָ·ǷǳɵǱ˽ȥ
ңûսĸأҶǳʵһᱻɽġ
䣡
뿪úһǿϢн١
漴һߴӰ¹ɽϱĿֲսһӱΧϯĻ档
¹ɽϣ˵콾ΪֵЩ棬˹ȥսʿסҪˡ
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һڴ߶ԼġơѹȹȻôԶ˵ǣȴܹǵѹ
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ëǵһοҶǳյӣɵһ˿档
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ĹѾһΣµġҶǳë˽ȥϵĹء
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Ȼɻ󣬵촺ǸŽĹأΪź̽飬ʱһʧȥҶǳ٣ǾͲˡ
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Сӣȥǰ취ëغѾ˫ۣԿԿõ׷촺
еµĽ赲֮ľȻ̡
Ϊ촺ʵ̫ǿˣֱӲЩ赲ĽͻأֱǰЩƻĹء
ҶǳϸضеĵͼͻȻЦİɣȽһĹأٶһġ
ܣЩĹصĻؼǿҲֻܷסͨսѣܷסսëҡҡͷ
ҶǳԵ˵һĹԼҵأҵҪǲҪٵԼҵء
ʲôë۾ʱһɣ˷ܵǸƭӾȻͨԼҵأһʵ̫ˣ촺ô޳ܣҲܻٵԼҵءٺ٣Ǹƭȱ£һжó
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦŵļƻУһǻҪһ
⻹ҿԼҵĻĹأ촺ɲں
ҶǳëܿͨµİһĹء
׷촺״ɫʱ䣺ǡ
ԼҵأʲôʱĹˣô᲻֪
һ˲䣬촺ˣԼҵѾ˸ˣĹشͨˡ
˭ҵģҪɱȫң촺÷ŭ
أɱ˸ĸ̫ˡ
촺ڶĹĳޣѾ˶Ҷǳĳˡ
أʵ̫ȱˡ


167 ը
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³ǵĳŴһһģԶĵ·ȥ
Ȼߴ˸磬ɵ鲻Խһ±ӣֹ˭ڱң
ı飬һɡ
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ŶûʲôϷֻǸղ㵽һйЩۣЩġԣɫһ࣬ʱָɷǵӡ
һʱˣǰһҪָһ
û£û£ϷڣһС¶ѡߵ˵һŵЦݡ
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ͷһ۸ߴΡ³ǣа뵽һο°µ۹Ĺ嶼ˣȻδ֪ģǲһһһǸϽ뿪˵Ϊ
ҶǳСҪȥѧԺҾҲȥ۹תתɣ˵۹µ۹ҪϣӦûкܶϵġżڵҡ
ٺ٣ΪΰĿҵϷضԶ

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ҶǳĵͼԼתţǰһĹء
ΪѾǰ̽·ĹĻزãһҶǳŵͼɵؾʹ˹ȥûһ˿顣
Ľ촺ȴ鷳
ԼԼҵأ촺ȴô̫ϤΪڽصʱûгء
˵˭û»̽ԼҵأԼ׼Լ
ԣ촺һ㶼Ϥ׾ͱĻظˡ
Լҵأ촺ɲôֱײˣҪһСƻأҪΪԼҵˣ
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еӡһӸĹ˲١
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˿ͼͨһĹء
ĹصΧһӣ赲ǵĵ·
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㹻ͨˣҶǳЦ
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Ҷǳ΢΢һЦº˵ǰĵǱʯ͵ġ
ֻ粻ǷչƼģЩʯû˻ãҲһֱڵ¡
ĹôһҲǺġ
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Сӣ뿪ȼº͵ͽүˡ¸£үûô飬ڴ
ë漴Ц˵
ҶǳȻֹ˵ͷһͨ뿪Ĺء
һΣûдӵˣֱ˵رԶɱȥ
ûãëһ֮˳ҶǳСӣܰɡ
ҶǳӿٶȳԶɱţû뿪ã㴫һֲıը졣
Ҷǳëͷһʱ𾪲ѡ
ΪղĹر׸ըˣֲĻ˶嵽Ʋ㣬µΧĴֶݻˡ
⻹µģµǣըڳ
ĹĹأʼըˣһһϵرը
ûãĹ궼ըϯˣޱߵĻϯأֲıըûƬء
ֻһҶǳë𺳲ѡ


168 ۹ķŭ
ıըϵĹ궼ըˣһɹĢգ漫𺳡
ǱըĻ⣬ҹˣһƬͮͮ
Ҷǳë𾪵ؿһĻˣҲû뵽ըĳô¡
촺ϼһӦûᱻըɣҶǳ̲ס˵ֱըѾǳˡ
ģ˶ѣëҡҡͷ˵̫Сսˣڱըϯʱľ϶ǰ֪ǰ׼̶ֳȵıըֻشܽɱҲ㹻ˣ˵׷ǡ
Σǻ뿪˵ΪĻҪԵ۹ķŭˡҶǳ˵գæ𣬳Զɱȥ
ٺ٣ǻٵµ۹أЩ϶ŹǵģԺǶǵˣƻ۹ķŭʵëЦ´ųҲȥ
뿪֮һǱӰӱըķ˳˵촺
ʱ촺һڣƤյýڡ˫۾ޱȣޱߵŭ
Ҷǣ촺̲ס˻ţгޱߵķŭ˫Թ񣬱ʵʻɱ
ʵ̫ŭˣΪһβˣûһǺòˣܵǣԼҵرըûˡ
磬ǽԼҵؿ÷ǳҪƻ˵أڽ
Ҷǳ׽ظըûˣǼֱޡ
Ȼûޣ˫֮ҲкͽĿԡ
ʲôˣ
ʲô
ǹĹķ򣡡

촺ŭѰҶǳӰʱ³ڵľѾⳡ춯صĴըˡ
˴˯׷Ĺķ
ʵֻܿĹķһƬɫʲôȴ֪
ǣЩﵽսǿߣȴһ𣬷ϸ߿գؿ˹Ĺıը
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ЩսΪ̫Զˣһֻؿţ޷ֹ
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˭ԶģһҪңǸйصˣҪһͷڷӣ״ش
յսȫ̼ķˣһŭޱȡ
Ϊ˼Ĺ֮⣬󲿷ֹضڹĹУαһݻˣԲŻôսķŭ
ȥ³ǣһӳȥ
ǷͷأĹΧһ顣
һܷŹ
ЩսǺܿжΪغԼصĳޣһˣȫŷŭĻ棬ŹĹķȥ
ֻǿϧǣǾĹ̫ԶǸʱĹѾΪһƬ档
ҶǳëѾ˲֣Զ³ǡ
ǻصһˣ촺
촺һǱӣһսʱͲµⳡըйأΧ׷׶ŭӡ
촺Ȼ飿
ԲǰѧԺĸԺҲû˿Ծȵ㡣
촺ԩ޳Ϊλżأ

һսǳ촺ŭȵ
촺ݷǷټ촺ʵЩŭսͳȥˡ
Щŭսǣ촺Ȼкܱһ͵λˣⳡըĳɵġ
ƨⷽԲڳ㻹˭ңӣȻǴӱըĳġһսŭ
촺ɫǳѿǱˣԼҵҲٵˣѵһٵԼҵأңôʲôô
λսԣҲе촺ٷҲܻٵԼҵذɡ
⵽˭ģһλսʵ
Ҷǣ촺һһ䣬ҧгݵ˵ҽľһ顣
ȻЩʣ촺˿ѾܲôˣĻЩŭսԻὫҵġ
ô飬ԲĺˣѧԺĸԺҲܵصסôսŭ
Ҫ֪Ϊսǿߣһһİмʵһ㶼촺ǿ
ôǿս촺ҲֻʵʵľѧԺԺҲס
촺ĻЩսɫȻÿ
촺Ȼ㲻ıûĲ룬ҶǳҲô񡣡
촺ٸһΡ
˵ĲôҲһλǿսȻƤȥ׷ɱһСս涼㶪ˡ
ЩҲˣȻûץסҶǳԼŪӣǰ׳𣿡

ЩսǺ޹˼ɵָ촺
촺ҧгݣȴΪòֳĬ˫ȭյýģеŭѾƷ˾졣
ʱ˿ֻ̣һĿģǱɱҶǳ
ҪҶǳܣá

Ĺ걬ըϢڵڶѾ³ǣ³ǵ˶֪顣
û취ô飬ס
ϾϵĴը³ǵ˶ˣҲˡ
ңҲ֪Ҷǳɵģԭ촺ȥ׷ɱҶǳűƵҶǳַ顣
ȻЩսģôһѸҶǳУͬʱҲҪѵһ촺
ѧԺԺڣټ촺ݣһֲı촺Ʋж飬ܵͷѡ
ǣЩսȻĴãԲѵ촺
һ֮촺泹׶ˣټ֮ǰҶǳѧԺ׵飬ѾΪ³Ķˡ
ҶǳЩսȻҲʹޣⲢûôϾҲܹ⣬һսСҪһλս׷ɱҲַֻܳɹ
Ȼ⣬ǻٵصĳޣǲܱģȻ׷ѰҶǳ١
µ۹Ĺˣ³Χĳǳضˣµ۹ĳǳҲյҪϲÿһˡ
µ۹ССĳǳأ򣬵ͨҶǳĸʾ
һΣ˻ҲﲻҶǳ޷Ҷǳ
µ۹̫ǿˣ˻ҲֳֻܱĬƾЩͨҶǳ
촺ڻصѧԺ󣬾ѧԺԺְλȻͱصɽȥˡ
촺˵ʲôóûˣѧԺԺڣЩȻҲ˵ʲô


169 ԭ
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νĳҲһȺСӰˣֻħ񣬲ս½һǿߡ
Ǻǣ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ǰĳţ˵߰ɣѾˣ˵µ۹ͨҲԶˡ
ٺ٣Ͼ뿪ˣǰ治ԶǺԭѾµ۹۹Ľ紦µ۹ͨɵëһ㵣֮ɫûУԵ÷ǳɡ
Դ뿪³ǺҶǳһ·ͣظ·µʱ˼ǡ
ԣµ۹ЩȻѾͨȴҶǳ˦ں棬ûסҶǳĽŲ
ڣֻҪҶǳ߹Ƭԭִܵ۹ˡ
ʣѾûΣˣҲõ촺Щ׷ɱˡ
źĺڽҶǳë뿪˼ǣһ̤˺ԭӭȵգԶ
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˵ڰ˰ǰµ۹۹ΪƬĹȨ˫˭ҲԸƬĹȨΪǸʱﲢǴݲһƬֵأʳܸߵġ
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үǧˣǧ̫ˣ׺ɣ˷ǣ˭ǵëҡҡͷ


170 ·
ԭȻݲﲢûˣ෴Ƭĺԭϣɺͳǳء
Ƕ۹֮һƬ
Ϊ۹µ۹Ժܶ۹ǿ߶ʹΪǿﷸɱֵȸľۼء
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Ϊ۹ˣֻܲҪӵǿʵȫڡ
ܶ಻ԸܵսһСС
ңںԭλãһ޴ޱȵġ֮ǡǳصıһλսʼǿߣҲԭʵͳߡ
ЩϢҶǳڼǴ̽ġ
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Ȼ˵ҲǷǳΣյģûмսϵʵ·һ
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ڼǵʱҶǳװˮʳΪļ·
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Ϊһ㱩¶Ǯͻᱻǿ˵ȶ˶ϣʱ͵һ·׷ɱɡ
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һ·ǲ̫ƽٺ٣Сӵսɡë漴ɭЦ
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Ҷǳת΢΢ź󷽣ڵ˸ŹâҲӦһȺ˵Ϣƺʲôޣôض
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ϧЩڷҶǳʱ򣬾Ȼѡ·ˣһҲûͣˡ
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Ӧò˺ǿɣҶǳЦ˵漴ǰ
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أֻҪңҲǡҶǳЦ
ԶȺѾ·ǣʧԶ
Щ˶һЩͿȴһޣٶȷǳĿ죬һȺ˱ôضڲ
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ЩˡǿӶŶǳһ˱ǻҪΣգǾһЩߡ
ںԭĶߣ϶Ǹ߼սսû㹻ʵֻһЩ׳ղŸҶж
ԣֻҪߣЩǿ˻϶ѡ·
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Ҷǳô򶨵վηؿǣǾɵҲ֪Ҷǳͬ졣
ӾãҶǳʵǿĻҶǳԱбĸڡ
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ͬʱҲǳߣΪЩӵܵĳ֣úԭǿʧء
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ĳӵܡ
ЩϢҶǳȴ֪һ·˺üǿˣûɱǾѡ·
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мִ֮ܵˣû뵽ԭȻô̫ƽ֡ҶǳҡҡͷЦ
У̫Źˣץһǿʡë㲻飬Щڡ
ˣûҪô鷳ֻҪǲңǺαֶءҶǳҡͷ
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ëҲʲôתͷ˹ȥǵ֮УһλŻɫǵӣһĲһҶǳײ
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ҶǳüؿǰӣΪѾﵽս𡣶ңͷҲǲҶǳûпĻӦм޻ǣʵս
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Сӣ㻰أʲô֣
ڻϵضҶǳɵúȵ
µĻҲֻ׺ݵ۾ǳ̵ؿҶǳʱſ죬¶żݡ
ҶСӣһ￴߲ưëһЦ
ͬʱۣ̽ʱɫ΢΢һ䣺СͷСսڣӦڰбġ
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ҶǳԣһĨţ漴ؿϵ꣬˵Ҷǳ·˵أ׼ǰ֮ǣ˵һֻҲûп
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漴ͫ׶ʱһȻ̧ͷЩ˷ܵؿҶǳԭҶǳµ۹ֳôķ粨ȻܻŴò˵
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ҶǳԼҲûϾղȳֵģҶǳҲʲôɫġ
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һӣҶǳԱߣսǵʬ壬Ǻ档


172 
ҹ£һţͨĻһͷ޴ʬûһ㴫һζ
ԱߣӰҶǳơ
Զսڷڡ
Ҫ֪ںԭҹǷǳΣյģпܾͻǿǡ
ҶǳҲոߵ󣬲Ÿô
⻹㰡ǰȻ֪źһ߳ſ⣬һ˵
漴鿾Զڵս
սеĿ⣬ɵһЦ
ǻǵⰡ
˭ôݳޣȥԻǵ⣿
սĻǣǿһϵսǿҲ᲻ó԰
ҪͷǱҶǳˣôܻɱͷųԡ
գսɵúݺҧһ⣬ͻȻ۾һм޵⣬Ǻóԡ
óԣóԡ
ë˿Ҳڴسš
һԵƿĿɿڴʵҶ֣ʲôޣȻôܳԣµⶼ󼸱ˣĶӾȻһ㶼ģ
ãҶǳЦ
һ̸ҶǳҲƵƷв֮ǰҶǳҲΪѣһЩ档
ϾҶǳǳһԱܶ˶治ѣһЩĸֶҪսҶǳ
ң֮ǰȷ׷һȺˣȺ˿Ҷǳܵˣưһˡ
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£ƳԿ⣬˿ھƣٺЦ²֪ƬԭϣΣյĲЩǿˣĶߡ
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ĶߣָŲԶǷڵս˵ĶߣǴӵܣиڰбЩǿǿǾܡ
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ƺ˿ھƣ˵У˭֪ԭжôΣգĶߣʵȻǿЩǿǼɵ
˵ҲǡҶǳЦЦ
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ҶǳΪʲôЩǿ˿Ҫˣò˵ȺǿںԭݺôãѾḻˡ
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ЦҶ֣ȥ֮ǣͻᷢԶ۹ĵ۶Ҫ
ŶҶǳЩ𾪣۹ĵ۾ǺεȵҪ˵۹ΡĻ;õģ̶ȿ֪
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ҶǳȥĿָ֮һƬĴء
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ٺ٣֮ǣֻҪʵнǮôʲô㶼ܵõܶ۹ڽɵĶһԵõһĳǳأԲŻô۹Ĺ嶼ڴˡƵ˵
ԭˣҶǳȻһ׷ɵĳǳأȷˡ
۹ϾҪ࡮ءÿ˵Ķ̫ϲѭأ֮Ǳͷġа񡯵ĻᣬԲŻˡ
ȻҲʹ˾ãʹ֮ԽԽ
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һΣʵ̫ֺαرƵµ۹
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ŶҶǳʱ¶ڴ֮ɫ漴ʵʲôط
кܶ࣡΢Ц˵ֱӵıǼ֮ǵֻ֮ǵĳǳ֮ǵǿӣ˸ǡֻҪȥˣչֳǿ츳ǻȫ㣬ַʽҶֲѡɡ
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Ƕ𣿡Ҷǳʵⶫ³ҲС
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ܹս飬̼ͻƿпܡ
ƺ֪ҶǳеɻƼ˵ǶÿӮһһʽǮͬʱܹõάĵҩʤĳԽ࣬õĽԽ񣬻õĵҩҲԽãµĲʵ𣿡
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ٺ٣ҶʵֻҪѡμսĽǶͬ׽ǶһǻӮģʱҲԳûú׬һʡƲɵڴ֮ɫ
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ʱֻҪҶǳӮǾ׬Ǯˡ
Ǻǣб𣿡ҶǳЦʵ
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173 ɽż
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Ҷǳԣɵ뵽սԭʱë͸˵Ƭԭɽһ˴һһ
֪˵ĺɽЩɽʲôϵ
Ҷǳɵÿơ
ֻƳںԭĶϷһƬɽȺǳΪɽЩɽȺÿ꣬Ҫ緢һΣʹԭݲǣڶʮǰЩɽоȻһЩиָıеҩĿɿڴ
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ЦְɣЩɽʱϵڳãõһŵҩȻ˾սƿ̤ս硣Ϊˣʱ˶ˣΧźɽıɱֱѪɺӡ
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ôܣҡҡͷ˵ǵΪһһǰżսʼǿżĻַܱڵĻɽ֮СҪ֪¶ȣսǿҲֲ˶á
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Ҳ֪ɽ¶ȵĿ£սǿȻԵֵҽʴǿŻսӲֵģܼ̫á
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ҶǳȻ漴ʵûսʼǿȥ̽һ̽𣿡
У
˵ѧԺԺľǻϵżĳλϵǰģǰһ̽
ҶǳһݣѧԺѧԺһѧԺҶԺĵһѧԺ¢ϣųս½ǿѧԺ
ѧԺԺȻҲɲ⣬̤սʼǵʱָǿ֮һ
ҶǳҲȥɵʵλѧԺԺջ񣿡
ƵͷսʾսʣλѧԺԺʵǳǿȷżǰϢżӦþǴ˵еġʡģżػԽǿΪԽų⣬λѧԺԺʹֶΣ޷ȥֻȻ顣
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ңʡƺţս½ֻͨ۹˻ʲܡսʼǿߣѧԺԺͲܱΪĳĳʡ
˭ҳƻʣ۹λ˻ΪС
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ҶǳѾ˽ܶ࣬ԣ²⣬λʿ¾ǳĳսҡ
Ҳ²ģֻλʹõĹûʶҲͲŲһսҡ
Ȼпλʹݡ
ô˵żڻڻɽףûȥ̽𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵ
ͻȻĶˡ
һλǿսżıֱ֮ࣿýֺͷ붼ܹõһ󱦲ء
˵ҽ¶ȣë˵ֵһᡣ
ҽĻ¶ٸߣҲֻ۸һͨĵػŴᲢۣ
Ϊ
߸ϣӾ죬ǻ֮
Ҷǳëһҽûκ飬Щ油õĻ档
սʼǿߣֻܸɵۿţսʼǿֱų⣬żһֱˡÿλɽ緢һЩʱǰȥҶҲȥƿЦ
һλɽ緢жãҶǳɵʵ
˵Ҳɣʱ䣬ҲڽˣֻǾʱ޷ȷЦ˵
ǵǺɣһҪȥһҶǳ΢΢Ц
սʼżȻλʿ϶ϵģӵͬϵҲԵõһЩõսҲ˵
ٲãҲܵõһЩ


174 Ƕ
һϢ֮󣬴峿ҶǳǱǰ֮ǡ
ֻһΪˣǶߣ˲ǿ˵ע⡣
Ȼ˵ЩǿȫҶǳĥĶ󣬱ɱһɶ
ЩҽṴǿǣҶǳɲôʴȣɱ˿顣
γĿıǿĥԼʵս飬ȻҲ顣
ڣһ·ϣɵ˲ǿˡ
ԭʲôȱǲȱǿˡ
ҶǳɱЩǿˣԭ˵ǼֱǾţһëֵһᡣ
ֻҶǳѾû˼ЩǿˣΪѾִ֮ǡ
˵ĹȻû֮ǵȷԽ۹ĵ۶ս½ĵһǳҲΪ֮
ȣǾ޴ĳǳعģѾԶҶǳ³ˡ
³ôӴ
Ǹߴĳǽ壬ǳ׳ۺΰ
ڻǺӣ֮ǲûлǺӣΪԭݲˮԴҲһǺӣ
Щսǿ߶ôͨӲһǺӣôȵһεĻɽ緢ʱǺĺˮҲᱻġ
ԣ֮ԾûǺˡ
Ȼ֮ҲҪǺӣΪԭû˸ַ֮ǣǻΪ
۹ǶԴݲĺԭһȤûУĻ֮ҲͲڼˡ
ֻ۹Ҳû뵽ݲʺĵطȻһԽ۹۶ķǳء
ֱһ漣
Ҷǳһ֮ǵʱ򣬶ʱͱ֮ǵķˣֵϵǿߣ߸Ǹָĵһ¥ͲݶǱ
³ǣҲֻ³ֵĵطŻӵС
֮ǣȴ洦ɼ
Ҷǳô˵֮Ǳ۹ĵ۶ҪɣһԵƿҶǳԾӣʱЦ
ȷܷҶǳп
ߣҶ֣ҼҾ¥һ˳㽲һ֮ǵĹأĻҪǲСĴ֮ǵĹأǾҪùˡ˵žǰ·
ǻǰںԭҲһɲС֮ǣҲһݲҵ
оһҾ¥ǿġ
ƴҶǳԼҿľ¥һ¾ƲˣҶǳ˵Ҷ֣ǺԭĹܼ򵥣ǾǿΪֻҪʵôô֮ǣȴһɲ䣬ĻΪСһλ߼սڳɱˣڶԴͱ˳ǽϣЧȡ
ţˡҶǳ˵ͷ
ڽ䣬Ǳġ
Ļڳڶȫ˭֮ǣ֮ηչ
ɴ˿ɼλ֮ǵĳ֮ǵĹǷǳġ
Ǻǣ˲ڳɱ˶⣬ûʲôˣϾ֮˵ĵطûйءĻôĹأǺ۹ĵ۶һЦ˵
˵˵ǶɣҶǳʵ
Ҫʵ
ҶЩȲˡǺǣЦ˵Ƕĸ̨רŸսʿĽǶ̨սս̨һ̨Щ⣬ѹƶս˫ΪʹͬһԽͬ׽Ƕ̨
ŶȻѹΪѹսǿ𣿡Ҷǳɵúʵ
Ц˵Ȼԣ˵̨սʼǿ߲õ󷨣ֻҪʵûдﵽսʼһɻᱻѹơս˫սʿôǻᱻѹһսʿսǾͻᱻѹһսսͻᱻѹһս𡣡
ȤҶǳЦˡ
һԵëҲ¶һĨɭЦݡ
ֱ̨̫ʺҶǳˣΪͬУҶǳʻû֡
Ҷǳ츳õˣӵսǵ콾ͬ𣬶ԶԶҶǳĶ֡
Ҷǳս츳̫ǿˣ붼˵ˣ¥ûз˿Խôܵˣֻд˵еսţҶǳͬһϳˡ
Ҷ֣ҪȥμӽǶľ£Ȼ㻻һֵ֣ʱҲҪʽԲܱ¶ݡ
Щص˵ҾͲ˵ˣԼҲ֮ǣҲµ۹ĹģҪ֪ˣֻҪһ뿪֮ǣͻᱻ˸ɱˡߣǶľҪ˵ģЩɱ˵ǣҲ㱨𡣻Щ̰׬ȡǮƵˣҲᶢ㣬ǺбҪġ
𣿡ҶǳԣɵЦЦ˵ܼ򵥣
˵գֻйâһʱͳһƤߡ
ҶǳϣһӾͱˣԭ꣬һʮӡ
ƤߣȻ˱档Ƽ״ʱ۾һɵ̾
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦõģǸƭӾˣ׷ɱԲѧô
ҶģȻıˣȴû䣬һȻǸһԿóԣһҪǵøıһʡ
˵գ˵УڿʼҵԶ塣ʱһҸ˵һ£ȷݣ˾Ͳỳˡ
ǾͶлˡҶǳͷ
ٺ٣һӮһҪлӮǮء˷ܵ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦԴ˲⣬ܹύƣԼҲа˫Ӯ
£ԹǱһǰ֮ǵĽǶˡ
Ƕռǳ޴󣬶ҽҲǳأһԲεĽɣÿһԲεĽﶼڹֽǶ
ƶҶǳ˵мǴǱμӽǶעӮġ̨ڡ
˵գҶǳȡμӽǶ
ӴǵǽǶһλŮԹԱ÷ǳƯƾȻʶһЦԭ㰡û뵽ξȻǽӴǣҰ
˵գתͷҶǳܵܣλǳС裬ᣬҪμӵͬ׽Ƕֵġٺ٣˸㣬㻹֮˵أ
ҶǳԣɵϸǰŮӣ΢΢̾һ¡
ǰŮӵȷͬѩ棬Ҳͬڰ֪ԣһֳħԵ
һͮͮȹ˫ǵ۾˰ʿˮ
΢΢𣬸ǴһĨаЦݣӾĳջ
ȻҶǳ𾪵ǣλСȻžսʵ
Ҫ֪Ҳͺǰ࣬츳ѧԺԺŵϺˡ
뵽ԸˣҲǿҩģҶǳҲȻˡ


175 
СƣûԽԽˡֵ΢΢һЦ
ò˵Ůһһǳĺɫȹĸȫճˡ˫ϸϸĸ첲©ˣʾļѩһƬ
ħģʹף˵ıǴŮɡ
òŮѩӦƽǴŮԵø죬ֳܹԼҲ͸ǿˡ
ҶǳĶ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ڴڵˣ޵һ˫˫Ŀ֮УԳŻȵ
Ҷǳȴǵпһ˿ɵȻŮ˲򵥣ǾսΪѾԿóˡ
ټı˭ǣ
ԣЩҲѣʲôľٶ
㣬λұ壬׼μͬ׽ǶġЦ˵
ԣ˫ʱһԵ壬дһ˿ȣСƣܲ򵥰»ʮɣȻսΪ츳Ҫǿˡ
ȻҪǿȻôμͬ׽ǶءƵ˵
ǰôû˵㻹һűأ˵žҶǳһֻϸС֣һ˫ǵҶǳЦ˵Сܵܣʶһ£ҽ裬ͬ׽Ƕĸˡ
ãҶǳ˵漴һС֣ʱоһٿˮ۾оĶ㱻ˡ
£Ҷǳæֿ
ЦСܻܵߵ𣿺Ǻǣ
ҶǳʱһЦ
һԵæ˵㣬͸̧֣ŪұˣͻСʺ㡣
ѵʺ𣿡Цеؿơ
ƶʱһæֵǷ֮룬ŮҲǳǰʮϵĲʸ񡣡
ȻеŮ񣬵ȴа෴ʵ̫ˣܶ鷳ġ꿡ܡͷ
Сʶ࣡
ЦЦ漴ҶǳɫСܵܣȸ˵һͬ׽ǶĹ򡣡
ͷˡҶǳ˵ͷѾ֪ˡ
˵սΪμӵҲսͬ׽ǶʱĶ֣ᱻ̨ϵ󷨸ѹһս硣

һøֻ̨ѹսֻܷӳһսսȴѹơ˵һսսȻֻܷӳһսսսͼɣսǿȴ޷ѹƵġңˡơҲ޷ѹƵġ
УսҪˡơͶչسսˣμӽǶһԵƲ
ûǶҶǳ˵ģԣϿͬ׽ǶǳƽЩϱǿ߶֣ʵǲƽġһ㣬ܹóڵսҪͬ׵սǿܶ࣬Ӧ츳ͬ׽ǶУǵսᱻѹͬһˮƽս츳ûá
ˡҶǳ˵ͷ
ЩϱǿߣսѹסˣΪʱ࣬ǵսҲ˸ĵزһ϶
ߣϱǿ߾һսͼҲ˿Աġ
ԣͬ׽Ƕ˵ȷǲƽġ
Ҷǳ֪ˣоԵĹƽѾܲˡ
˵ͷ漴˵һҪ˵ǽǶĽǶУȫʹȻ˫ͬʹҲֻʹǽǶṩͬƷ
ܹƽҶǳ˵ͷ˵
һ㣡Ӧ֪ǽǶĽǶԶԷжʤġǵͬ׽ǶЩ⣬ΪкܶμǶǱ̫ˣɱǣҲ뿪֮ǡԣͬ׽ǶУֻҪԷˣͲˡȻԷһ䣬ҪʮҸ㣬Ǯ
ҶǳһʮҿһǮǮȷһˡ
Ҫ֪³ַĵطһöҲܹһ˹һСˡ
ЩСǳأܹһһӵˡ
ҲҿԽ׬һǮʱȥһЩ߼ʦ֪ʶΪ߼ʦܹһЩҪϡҶǳ뵽
߼ʦ֪ʶȻ󣬱ѳ֣֮ǵУҲƷ
ҶǳʵѾˣ츳սһΪҪܳһʱȥۡ
ֻҪеҩôΪĸһЩ
ԣҶǳҪΪ߼ʦ


176 𰲸
СܵܣҪμͬ׽Ƕ𣿡Ȥؿǰ˼֮еҶǳ
Ȼ˵ԻʮԼʵܴĻԷصĻôܿû֮ǰѾˡ
ЩܴˣںʮңǾҪɱ㣬ûüǰɱ㡣
Ҫǣۣȭ飬ʱһˣҲҪܵˣǲзϡ
ԣΣСͬ׽ǶҲһ˸Ҳμӵġ
ǰŲʮ꣬ʵڲĵɫ
ֻǣ辪ˣҶǳĻԥ̧ͷ˵ͷ˵ͷұ
۾һٶϸһҶǳɵЦСܵܣõɫǸıǿˡ
㣬ô˵𣿡һԵƿЦ
˺ߵģ׼ô֧ıܣ
ʮңʮǶȫұӮԣҲͰһʮʮҵĽƱ˳ݸ衣
½ƱЦ˵ʶ࣬ȵţ͸ȥ
˵գèƮȻȥ
ΧЩ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳȥʧˡ
ȥҶǳ˵ҽҪʮǹ𣿡
ǹأһԱʮҡͷֻҪӮȨͣԣԵȵٱȡȻҲԼȡ
ǶעأҶǳ漴ʵҲ׼ԼӮʱûжٱǮԼӮ׬ǮעҲ١
ע޶ǰռġ˵ǶΪʮʤʤΪʮʤ֮ǰע޶ҲֻһҡΪʮʤ޶͵һҡ
Ƽ˵Ϊ˰ʤô޶һڽҡٺ٣ÿһаʤǿ߱ԣ֮Ƿģעܶһ֡
ʤ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ƿЦȻѣ˵ʮʤ⣬ҪΪʤǲܵġʤĴԽ࣬ԵĶҲԽǿҪʤĿԱԽСˡ
Ŷ
Ҷǳ˵ͷУѾһĿˡ
Ǿǰʤ
׼һʮʤҲʮʱ䣬ᵢ̫á
֮Ǵһµʱ䣬ǰ۹Ҳ١
зֵƼţʱֱȥѧԺҪͨѧԺĿ˵ġ
ңֻҪѧԺĸ߲㲻ǰ׳գһ֪Ҷǳǿ϶ѧԺġ
ϾһϵţɵӲŻܾء
ףⲻǻǰٰôпˣڴʱһϷŰ֮г˳
ҶǳתͷȥһһȺµĴӵ
Աߵƿӣʱɫһ䣺𰲸ôͲˣѵǶҿ𣿡
𰲸ǳС
Ҷǳ뵽漴ǰ𰲸۾΢΢һУЩȡ
Ϊ𰲸ȻսΪʵһ㶼Ʋ
Ҷǳ𾪣;ΪǷǳټģû뵽֮һӾ
ټ֮ǰ衣
ҶǳˣԶҪöࡣ
Ǻǣٰ˵ЦˣҿɿĽǶǵһοٰ棬ЩȰˡ
𰲸΢΢Ц
Ҷǳȴóֵ͵ЦصĽɫ
𰲸˵ôٰҪμͬ׽Ƕμдһ£ǻǰĻսҪһˡ
˵ĺܿеɱ⣬Ҷǳȴܹؿõ
һƴӦμӽǶôˣ϶һ񶷡
ƲûдӦ˵ҲϲΪѹƵд裬ҪսȥսĽǶһ
Ǻǣٰ˵ЦˣսĽǶ֮ǻǰҶ֮ͷĴɲҪ˶Թˡ𰲸΢΢Ц
ȻԻǰҲǺܼɵġ
ʱһ˿Цݣǰ𰲸˵𰲸λұ壬ղѾμӽͬ׽ǶˣҪд裬ɣ𣿡
ܣ
𰲸ԣĿһҶǳһʼΪҶǳ̫СټͨΪҶǳֻƵĸѣû뵽ȻƵıܣȤشҶǳ
ΪҪϳˣҶǳͰԼΪϢˣڳսǿߣΪ
ԣ𰲸˰죬ҲֻܿҶǳ΢еʵˣûɵĵط
£𰲸Ц˵ǺãҾһλСܵı£ԵƬ̣ȥˡ
˵գǴһ˿Цתȥ
ʱæҶǳ˵Ҷ֣˼һʵ̫ɶˣҲ̲סҪѵһ¡ģһ츳ȻǱԶˣԲĶ֡
ҶǳΪԼ
ƲǱҶǳǱţֻҪɳս½ǿߡ
ԣǰύҶǳȻõѡ
ǵĳ޺ܴ󣬲ʵΪβȥһսҶǳЦ˵
ҶǳЦˣƾ֪Ҷǳû⣬˿漴ЦҶ֪ҵʵȻǼҵĻսһҪսܷӳĵսԽǿԽǿҪǲμͬ׽ǶǺܳԿġ
ԭˣҶǳ˵ͷȻ
ҺĳޣǾҪҸ˵𡣡Ƽ˵ǰ˵ˣҸ׾ΪںɽõһŻɽĵҩŽս𡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷѾ˵ˡ
ʵʱ𰲸ĸڳĸײҸ׵Ķ֣Ҹ׻ˣǿŵҩΪŵҩҸײһȽս磬ڵڣҸ׶ĸʵǿԣҺǻǰһ򲻶ͷڰｻֻ֣Ϊ˼ܾˣưˡ˵
Һǿ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵һսүүսǼ֮ǵµȼ嵱УǱȽˡǻǰҸս޷ұ⡣
µȼҶǳԾ㵵λսȻֻµȼ壿
ƿЦҶ֪֮еǿ̫ˣһӵһλսµȼ塣ӵһλмսôеȼ塣һλ߼սǾϵȼ塣
˵ǻǰƾҸ׵ʵµȼ嵱Ƕһ֮ǣʮеȼ壬ϵȼ塣κһеȼ壬ɱǻǰϵȼ͸Ӳ˵ˣǼս½ǺպĴڡ
û뵽֮ǵʵôǿ󣬲֪ǺηʥȻЩҶǳ̾


177 ʤһ
ûȶãͰˣһֻҹ飬ĲҶǳǰ
СܵܣѾˣһϢҪ㣬ղ𰲸СҲμͬ׽ǶˣҺһ顣迴Ҷǳ˵
һԵЦղѾкˣߣ
ǺǣǵĶԹҲСʵСĵ㡣΢΢һЦҶǳ
֪Ҷǳʵ
Цʮʤ֮ǰÿʤһһҺһŹԪ
ġҶǳʱЦˣһټʮңǾʮһˣһһŹԪ
ļֵȷƴˡ
ѹ־ܽǶôΣգҲμӡ
߰ɣȥ׼ϳˡ˵գǰ·
ƶҶǳ˵ֵܣȥս̨ˣǵһʵ̫ױ¶ʵ
ףҶǳ˵ͷ
ȻһӾͱ¶ǿʵĻ˭Ҹȣ
ҶǳýǶ׬һЩǮء
£Ҷǳ棬һʯУʮӣʱѾ߸ˣоҶǳոʶ𰲸
ʯҵĶ棬һ޴Ĳǽڣ͸沣ǽڣؿһ޴̨
̨ܣһһ׵Ĺս̨ʱѾˣҵػţһŷףԵޱȵҶǳܷС
СܣһģĺˡһϷŰ
Ҷǳתͷȥ𰲸Сһض
ڱĿ
ȻʮԵʮ֡
ҶǳĿһɨͷЩ˶սսսսȵȡ
˭ԸһϳûԸĻǾѡǩˡʱһ˽˵
𰲸˶û˵ɵӲŻԸһϳǱŵһʮʤĿꡣ
ϵҶǳȴվ˵ң
ŶǺãɣ˳ǩЩؿҶǳһۣ漴˵
֪η𰲸û뵽ҶǳѡһϳɵǸһĨЦ
Ҷǳûӣһ˽Ƕ̨
𰲸ڳǩҶǳĵһֵѡ

Ҷǳʯг󣬶ʱһƬХϯǶ
Ҷǳɵüͷ΢΢һ壬ֳܲϲƱ˵ӿһΪΪˡ
СӲŶǽǶûиɣһëͷС
ղעʱҿ£Сӽ壬ǻǰٰıܣͲʮꡣ
Ȼ̫СˣŵĻȥѧԺˣôܻ档
ٺ٣չĶ˭ҶĶӮְ͵ǮɵӲŲҪء

Ƕǳ֡
˸λ£ΧɵһЦһȺ׳գǾͿްɣ
գĿ̨⳯Ͽȥ
ʱҶǳĵһֳˣҲǴʯ˳һɫֿӣɷ죬Ҳ֪ɱˡ
ǿӣʱӮǻ׷׽ҪɱҶǳ
ҽԪףǻǰٰܵķϣҲɱ㣬׼ʮҵǮɡ
ԪЦҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ʮҵǮ𣿡
УûʸȥԪһ漴Ц
ķϻѾˡҶǳ˵
Ԫ׶ʱŭ
ɱ
Ԫ
ɵСӣ

̨Χ˴
ԪᲱӣ˫ȭ㳯ҶǳȥһͷޣǳĿͣɷ졣
ȥɣȭԪ׺ݣһҶǳһȭɱ
һȭǳЯһƥɱȭֱӶԵûκεĻУȫΪɱ˶ȭ
ǾеˣҶǳƺԪ׵ͬȭԪӭȥ
ӱ۹ľսʿӵľپȻҿ˿ӵսƷӸˡԪЦ
ҶǳȻԭһǳԾӣѹɷôŨ
һҲ񣬾ȻɱԼľ٣һܻӵ֮ò˵ǳá
䣡
˼֮ʱ˵ȭͷѾݺݵײһ
һ˲䣬ҶǳƽԪȴɫ䣬ЩŵصҶǳ𾪵Ȼôǿ
˵ʱ˶ܵһǿҶǳȭͷ˶˼һѪӿȭͷҲޱȣʹҡ
ô£
Ԫ׾ȻСӸˣ
ôܣ

̨ΧĹս߶ʱ
ǵһοʼҶǳͲˡ
е㱾£㻹һţΪӮңǳ룡̨ϣԪ״һٴγҶǳ
һѧˣҶǳӲӲǷӳԼɱ˵ļɣÿһȭٶȶǳ죬ǳ
ȻԪ𾪵ǣҶǳٶȾȻҪ죬һȭҶǳѾȭˡ
һʼԪ׻ֵܵһ£ʱţеĴԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽء
ڼֲסҶǳһ̤ؿڡ
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УԪҧгݵ˵漴ӻȡһŽƱг˲ᣬʮҿ˺ܾõǮһӾͶˣ֪ʲôʱһ
ҶǳȴЦˣӹƱ󣬾ͷԪס
漴̨Ҷǳʤ
ΧûлһƬ
£ȻܸһëͷСӣǮ
ͷȴУ¶ˡ
Ԫףôȥ

˶ԪӮȴǮ鵱Ȼã׷׺
෴Щ˱̬ҶǳӮӮǮˣ׷׸еϲѡ
ңЩ˼ѡҶǳӮ˻ѡҶǳĶӮ
ϾҶǳղѹʵȻԪףֳʵҲͱԪǿ˶١
ò˵Ҷǳһʵ˲ˡ
СܵܣǼѡԣͣϢһ£̨ϣЦʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц
ɫ΢΢һ漴ؿһҶǳ˼˵Сܵܣղʵɣ
˵ЦˣҲʵѡҶǳ˵ŲԼʵǿء
ðɣףˡҶǳ˵Ҳûǿȣ漴̨̨øҶǳĶ֡
Ŵʯ߳ǵϤӰҶǳ΢΢һ漴ǳһĨЦݡ
ڶĶֲǱˣ𰲸ˣôˡ
Сܣ˼ոӮʮңھҪˡǺǣ𰲸Ц
ǾͿûˡҶǳЦ
̨ϵնʱ


178 ʮʤ
ôͶˣ
ս̨ϣƾȵؿϳ𰲸漴̼˷
֪һ𰲸ҪùˣҶǳʵǷǳģԲ𰲸Եֵġ
ٺ٣𰲸οԼֻЦѾõ𰲸սҪ˵ʲôˣѵõıĻᡣ
֮⣬˿ϳ𰲸ʱ;Ҷǳ䶨ˡ
Ϊҵ𰲸֮ǵһģٲҶǳ֮Աġ
ϣ𰲸Сӡ
ɱСӣ

֮ǰǮˣ׷׽
ҶǳɨЩһۣ漴𰲸Ǯ𣿡
õǣ𰲸ԣʱŭЦӸ߸ԾһžͺݺݵҶǳĿҶǳףҪڴ
ҶǳЦһչ٣磬˽λλһһѾץס𰲸ĽƣڶԷ𾪵Уݺݵؽڵϡ

𰲸
һ̫Ǳˣ˶ҶǳһڵϣԴ̨棬ҵĺ죬㱻ײˡ
ԭģ˲Ͳˡ
⻹ûͣҶǳӶ𰲸˼£Ž˳ȥײ̨ΧʯׯϣѪһء
ս˶ˣû뵽Ÿոս֣𰲸ôҡ
ȻҲ˿𰲸̫ˣս֮ǹǷ⣬ǶսֻӮ
ʹ죡
ս̨ϣ͵վ˷ܵشԣݺݵظ
̫ʹˡ
ԼĳбҶǳôһ٣о̫ˬˡ
һȤСһ
⣬˸̨ϵҶǳһ¶ɫ
ΪսȻ֪𰲸ղһ̺˶ôǿҶǳҪץסǵ˫ǿ𰲸С
ͳһ㣬ļ㲻Ҳ֪ҶǳӮˡ
ʣһµʮʤǿߵˡ
Ҫɱ㣡
̨ϣ𰲸Ҷǳ˫Ŀŭ졣
̫ŭˣΪҵʲôʱôǱ
һٴˣȴعҶǳ˫ͬһѼһϵҶǳÿһŶһС
̫ˣ
ҶǳϵغȭͷÿһȭɵغЩУ͸𰲸Ľƺݺݵһ𰲸˫ȶڷ顣
⻹Ҷǳԭ򣬷ĻҶǳһȭܴˡ
Ҫ̨֪Ȼǵսѹһս𣬵ǿȴ޷ѹơ
Ҷǳ壬ǿȣͬ޵еġ
ƾǿҶǳаպ͸߼սһսοǶԸһսѹһս𰲸
ͬ׽ǶϣҶǳˣ
ͣ䣡
ú𰲸ҧгݵѡ䡣
û취˫űҶǳ˼ʮκ󣬶о˫ѾľˣվŶѣﻹҼҶǳս
ֻǣһ뵽ԼƵıܣ𰲸оһʹ죬ſҶǳԹ
֪Լζˣ¿϶ᱻƸЦˡ
ʮǮҶǳ𰲸䣬Ҳûмǿƣ΢Ц֡
𰲸Ժ޺޵óһŽƱ漴ͷҲص̨ϸۿĻܷ·˫ȶڴ
ʱҶǳʤ
Сܵܣû뵽ʵôǿεǿˡ趢ǰҶǳһ˫ʷ
ӸղŵһսУ֪Ҷǳǳǿ󣬶⻹ҶǳļޣΪҶǳղӮ̫ˣûд¡
ǺǣʼһɣҶǳЦ
ãҶǳһۣ漴һԿʼ
̨ΧĹսߣʱȫ֣֪ҶǳôĻǰҶǳӮˡ
ûйϵбԣЩѧˣȫҶǳӮ
ȻҶǳҲӮˣӮһǮ»ԽԽˡ
ңҶǳʤĴԽԽ࣬ǶĻҲԽԽߡ
壡
壡

Ҷǳ֣һӴǶ֪Ҳ֮ǰǸ֮ˡ
ʮԣҶǳֻ˴ʱ䣬ͽˡ
ΪһԶûͣϢѡսҲ˿ǿʵ
Сܵܣ
Ҷǳ̨ʱЦݵӭЦ˵ϲˣʮңʮŹԪεĽ
лˣҶǳ˵ͷӹЩ
ǳãһʱ䣬׬ȡôĽʵ̫ˬˡ
ʮңʮŹԪֻǽǶĽҶǳӮʮǮ׬ȡһҡ
һ֮ڣѾһ⵰Ϊ˰ˡ
ѹô˻ƴμӽǶʵⶫ׬Ǯ̫ˡ
ΪΪʳ˵ı˰ɡ
Ҷ֣ϲˡ
ҶǳѾȺƣһ⣬ֱҶǳҪˡ
ÿҶǳӮһעʮңʮӮһҡ
ҶǳԼõһңǿƴ׬ȡģŲӮȡһң˳㿴һֱҶǳҪˬ
ҲΪʲôôսߵԭ򣬼ܹۿһʵıӮǮʲôˬ飿
Ҳ˿ۣŪҵ
ߣҶӮ˲٣ȥ֮õľ¥һ١漴˵
ӮǮҪǿ𰲸һ٣ʵ̫ˡ
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˼ɾΪͲͳıǴһľǰˣһǶıﲻԳԷԾס
ȻֻһҾ¥˼ɾռǳ޴󣬱ȽǶҪöࡣ
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ҶǳóˣǸһ
ƵҶ֣ûȥᣬʵķ̫ˣ򵥵һ٣͵ûѰҡǰĻ˵һٷûڽңҳôҲ͸ҸȥԹһΡõıǾ˵Ҹ׶ûʸȥҶ֪ʲôӡ
ʲôңڽңҶǳԣ۾һɣ⻹ǳԷǳԽӰɣ
ǳԽӣҶѻҲԲ°
Ҷǳʵ̫ˣȥ³õľ¥Ҳûô󰡡
Ҷǳɵÿܴǧӣ˳Աһһңһм˰ɣ¥׬Ǯ
ֱˣ
Ҷǳһ𺳡
һԵëǳ򶨣ûжپȡ


179 ѡ
Ҽľ¥ˡ
ҶǳɵÿЦ
ƺٺЦȻ󣬵ﳬֵķ˿ɶø߼޵ģһЩĵرζû˵
Ҳ̫ˣ˭Ե𰡣Ҷǳ̾
طעͨ˿ģһЩǮ˶Բ
ţż˭԰ģһҲζѡ˵
˵֮䣬ǵĲѾˡ
˵ûȷ߼޵⣬Ȼ٣߼ʲôǿ൱սǿ߰һ˾͵ʮҡ
һ߰˵ˣȡһٶҲ
£үôãһõˡëһڣʱ˷ܵش
ҶǳƳһۣԼǰŰƵġ
һٶķ˰㹻ͨ˻ӵǮˣһٷûˡ
ζȷǳãҶǳҲﳬֵ
ôҶ֣컹ҪμӽǶ𣿡ƹѲЦʵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵Ҫɰʤ
ʤǺǣĻҽÿ춼Է˷ܵ˵
Ҷǳʮʤ֮ע޶ʹﵽһңһʮԣƾͿҶǳ׬ȡһǧˣʱóһͣʵС˼
ÿ죿Ҳ̫ݳ˰ɣҶǳɵһЦһҲˣȥʵۣǲǻǮ
ǺǣֻҪҶܹÿӮǮʵС˼Ц˵ˣҶ֣ȥǱϢ
Ӧ¥ɣҶǳʵ
۾һ漴Ľ֮ǵȻ¥ҲҶֻǳϵأ¥סҶֵǾסĻҼҾסöˡ
ֻһ㲻±¶𣿡漴˵
Ҷǳһ̶ЦˣǾȥҴˡ
ǺǣҶҵҡЦ˵ҶǳǱôȻҪúýύһ£һδҶǳΪ˸߼սսʣһɽˡ
ǺǣҶǳ΢΢һЦȻ֪Ƶ˼ҲҪѡ
ȻҶǳ츳ܺãûгɳ֮ǰ츳ٸߣֻһߡ
ʱ򣬶ύһѣܱȶһҪá
һٷëĿнˣһЩδ
Ƶļҡ︮
︮ĺԶϾĵķ̫ˣǻǰҲﶼϵȼĵ̡
Ҳѹ˵¥סǿˡ

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ʵҸ𣿡
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תͷҶǳ˵ȻͷڣǾȥһҼͷӰɡ
Ҫݷһ²Ҷǳ˵ͷ˼ȥסȻðݷһˣҲ̫ûòˡ
鷿
չڿ飬ͻȻĶɵ΢΢һЦ
ʶӦ֮УѾԼӻˣƺһˣЩȡ
֪ԼӵԸ񣬱ѷļܹ߰ύѣ϶
£չЦСƻ𣿽ɡ
ƿɲô࣬ѾƿţҶǳˡ
Ҷǳһ۾Ϳ鷿еչɣߴݴֿ˫üë֮£һ˫ڵ۾͸һɰ
һ֮Ƶȷ
Ҷǳܵһεѹ鷿С
ϵҸһ£λֵҶǰøʶģһ֮ǣԾʱסһˡԼ׽Ҷǳû˵Ҷǳֻ֣һϡ
ҶĳҶǳæ˵
չԿҶǳʵڰҶǳˣΪȻһ۾ͿҶǳΪս
սУ㲻ʲô֪ԼΪô֣ء
չԼĶӣЦŶҶǳ˵ԭҶֶֶȻ˵ȮӵѣԺͽҲɡ
ﲮҶǳ˵ͷ
չɹһЦ˵ԺͰﵱҰɣסʲôʱУʲôҪ˵
лﲮҶǳм
һԵ˵ϵѵһǲǵ׼һЩ񰡣
ţչ΢΢һû뵽ԼôشӣȻЩɻ󣬵ѡԼĶӣ˵ͷ˵ǵм񡣡
ﲮˡҶǳæ˵
չɴһӣЦ˵ɣǻǰ֮ԽǰΪĳǣҾһֻǸɡ
ϵֵܿˣҪ;͵һֻĻǣһֻͼĻֵܡһ˵
չһЦ˵Сֲǲ֪ǵҪշǵƥʵɣҴȥȺҶֶܹշʲôȼģҾʲôȼġ
Ŷԣ˵
Ҷǳæ˵ﲮ̫ˡ
ǰĶǼʮң֮ǰֻսĸϰҡ
Ҷ֣ĺˣǼҾǿǷҵģһֻʲôЦŴҶǳĻ
չҲͷС˵ĲҶֶͲƴˡ
ǾͶлﲮˡҶǳһмһֻҲǷǳ˵ģϾһԺ·ʱͲԼˣҲˡ
£չɴȥȺڵĵطǺɽһƬ档
ЩǶչģչɴ˴ڣһȺϾΧһȵΧߣĺһ
ﲮѵԦʦ𣿡Ҷǳ״ɵþȵ
Ҫ֪ǷǳѱģǻޣҪѱʵ̫ˡ
ٺ٣ϵǰõһλԦʦĴСƵ˵
Ԧʦһַǳ϶ϡٵְҵڼѾٿˣ˵ǿԦʦԼԦޣֱ֮
Ҷֶ㿴ҪѡһֻʱչȤؿҶǳҲ֪ܹԼӿصˣʲôʵ
һԵҲһڴ֮ɫҶǳˣԷǳڴҶǳı֡
СӣѵãѡǿֻëʱһԱߵֻʵ൱ھս۷壬Ҫǣֻ̺ѪֻҪүһʺĹԿڶʱڽ׵߼޼𡣡
Ŷ
Ҷǳԣ۾ʱһ߼ޣǿ൱սǿ߰
һ뵽ԼһֻսҶǳʱ˷
£Ҷǳչ˵ﲮĿѡ𣿡
Ȼĳ˵һֻҪʵѡֻֻչɰȻ˵ҲҶǳѡ߼ģϾҶǳֻսΪ츳ǿǿ
Ҷǳѡһֻ൱սĻǰɡ


180 շС
ϵιҪѪˡ
ԼײΪȻӣԱߵƶʱЦˣǷǳҶǳĵϸԲǱϵսô򵥡
ⲻҶǳõչɵ֮󣬱ĿչԱߵֻϡ
ֻǵȺߴ͵һͷһЩͻ𣬷·ҪһƵġ
ңֻǵĻô׺ݣ֮УȻԻشһ˿֮߰ɫżɨĻʱ¶һ˿м
Щ˵ֻǵĲͬѰ
οë޷ˣ޵ڣ޵˽⣬˭ҲȲϵġ
£Ҷǳԥָֻǣչ˵Ҿѡֻ𣿡
˵ʲô
չɿҶǳָķ򣬶ʱһ㶣漴ЩŵصҶǳҪѡС֪Сʲô𣿡
ûпĻӦǾս۷弶ҪͻƵ߼ˡҶǳ򶨵˵
֪㻹ѡչɲ˼ؿҶǳ
ԱߵҲˣԼҵĻǣȻǳҶǳѡֻǣļ֮һһһãл
£Ʋɵ˵Ҷ֣ҪˣֻǳҸ֮⣬ǻǰûһĶ֡
ǺǣԵĻҾѡˡҶǳ˵գĿͶչɡ
չȻоҶǳδҲ̫ˣ֮ǰȣҶǳѡΪһսǿߣһ֮ȻԼǰʳԶʣ±㵭˵ҶֶչһԾŶȻѡСֻҪԻСҾͰ͸ˡ
˵գչɶӣСߵһ
СƺչɵĻԭ߰м񣬶Ȼһ˫ͬһĿ⣬͵سҶǳȥһǵɱ
أͬʱСͺһһǿƴϯȥ
һ̣ͬһɽ֡
ΧĻǣȫԶȥֻСһֻԭء
չҲԱȥ˵ҶֶΣգֻҪСͲṥˡ
ô˵ҶǳӵѣȻҶǳ¡
һԵȴЦ˵ϵͷĿŰɣԲĻֻδҪˡ
ŶСӵʲôչһȻ֪ԼӲƭԼɵ
ȴ΢Ц
СӣȻҸϵˣۣҵҪСʲôʵֵչɼ״ɵЦ
˵Ŀʱųпȥ
ʱֻʣҶǳСëҲɵԶϣԶԶعսš
һһǣôԣغͽŵգʱռ䡣
СѪ˫֮ͬԾ׺ݵϢǸߴϯܶһѹ
ҶǳɫʱǰֻǶҪ߼޼ˣʵȻǿޱȣ˿Ĵ⡣
СѹȻ򶨣ȷǸԶսչ΢΢üͷһ˵
ףСʵ൱ڳɣԱߵʵ
չɳ˼Ӧ൱ʮӰɡ
ĻôСӽԺҶֵˣЦ
ŶλҶֶĪǳϵչɶʱͲµˡ
䣡
ڴʱеСѾ˹Ӹ߸Ծ˫Ƚµĵ涼ˣһӺХŶҶǳɱȥ
ҶǳͫһСǿֻ֪ǵʵܳˡ
ҲϾСǿҪ߼޵׼ˡ
ʵҶǳǰв
Ҷǳûкڽȴɢʵǹ⣬սϱ֮
ৣ
һ̣һֻ޴ǳƣ㳯Сӭȥ
䣡
޴ƺգض֮Уǿƥɢⷽضڶ

СǾ޴ݺݵײֻǳ棬ȴܵһǰδеǿķɳȥݺݵˤڵϡ
ʲô
Զսչɶʱ𾪡
һսȻһ൱ھս۷ĻǸһƺɳȥҲ̫˼˰ɣ
û뵽ҶֵʵȻôǿҵ֪սҶֱ֣ԱߵҲҶǳһƸŴˡ
Ȼ֪ҶǳʵǿǴ˿ʶˣǱһ
һսȻǿزжôǿ츳
ԼҲһţ֮ҲСǴ˿̺ҶǳǾһϲĶ硣
˱ˣ˰
һЦ֮ɫ
𣡡
УСױŭˣһȵĻ棬Ǿ޴Ļƻɽ緢ҽһٶȺܿ죬ƺ͡
ҶֶСģչɲɵôȵ֪СƴˣΪڻ˵֮ƿػ
ԣǲűΪǡ
ԽǿĻǣĻԽͣԽǿ
ȻһĻȴչɺƸˡ
ֻҶǳ޷سȵĻУսûд߶Լô⿿ȵĻС
ǣôߵ¶ȵĻ棬Ҷǳȴû°ƣͷûиյ
ৣ
ҶǳС㵵ĿУһӾıϣֻ͵ݺݵذСıϡ
䣡СӴʱܵһǿѹſ˵ϡ
ȻսܷסĻ棡Ա߹սչ֮ɫ
ҶֵδҲ̫̬˰ɣҲ־ϲ
Ҷǳ̫ǿˣϲǣҶǳȻôǿôڽǶɰʤһⶼûˡ
СƣûţӦҪúýύֻ׼͵ֵ̫ˡסˣҪúðᣬţδҲǸ߼սύˣǾǻǰһɽչɶԼƴ
Ƶ˵ͷʵѾˡ
ءеСŭһѹԼıϣо˳衣
Ȼƾ޷ϵǸ꣬ͷ·һɽһصĿ¡
գСԼ߰Դֻȶſ˵ϣе׺֮ɫҲȥˡ
չ˹΢Ц˵ҶֶɣСѾѡ񳼷ˡ
ŶҶǳԴСվ
ȻС󣬷ǳɵҶǳߣԴҶǳĴȣһͷҶǳ֣Ҳû֮ǰ׺֮ɫˡ


181 ı
Ǻǣ
СɵӣҶǳԵ÷ǳģӽԺͲԼ·ˣֻǴԼ·Ҫˡ
ȻҶǳٶȱȻҪö࣬Ҷǳʼչ٣Ͼ̫ķսˣֲ˶á
ǲһ㲻սƾٶȣѾǳˡ
ϲҶˣֻҿ۲ܾˣϧʵ̫շ˹Ц˵
һԵչ̾Ҷֶ츳ĳǴ۽ˣȮܹύԺϣҶֶָܹȮӡ
ﲮˣҪлСҡҶǳȭ
ˣɫˣҶֶҲˣȻȥϢɡչ漴˵
漴Ӻɽص︮Ҷǳ︮ĹܼҰһ᷿У֮Ͻ״̬սʮֺСһȷˡ

һߣ︮鷿УչɺƸš
չó°ĳЦſƣ˵Сƣ˵ɣλҶֶǺηʥ
ǺǣϵҲһٸ֣ҶĸֻҶôģû˭Ц˵
ȻҸϵӣչЦһ䣬漴Ŀ⳯еĳȥܿҵҶļˣһҶ
˵Уĸ˶ѾʮˣҶǳ
ʣµһˣҶǳʮֻ꣬ģ
ƺ֪ԼϵѾҵҶǳˣЦ˵ϵҶֵĳҺܶ࣬ҪμӽǶƤߡ
ô˵Ҷǳˡչ۾ʱһ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵˴֮⣬˭츳ҽǼʶˣˣ졣
ţܹǺõġչɿǰƣɵο֮ɫ漴ɫҸղſһ£Ҷǳܹõ¥¥ۣлΪսʣǱţҪܹߣĳɾ;Աϵǿˡ
һ̲ס˵ϵ˼ҸҶ֣
ǿߣս½Ƿǳġ
۹Ŀ棬㶼һȺţǵİ£ſ۹ǵˣҲˮǴߣΪ۹һ塣
ԣս½Ǳţһߡ
Ҷֶڻڳɳ׶Σʱѩ̿ɳˣٸǾͲ̫ˡ
չɼ˵ɳڵŷǳΣգϾһҪɳҪĥ̫ˣĸҲΣաҶֶ˵ɣµ۹ĹΪУһѡ˸ҲЩĵˡ
˵գչ濴ǰƣСƣϵѾˣôѡ񣬾ͿԼˡ
ôѡȻѡҶˡ
Ŀȵ˵֮ǣⱲҲͻһǰİѣҵ츳ܹΪսѾǿˣԺʵϵ㣬ʱǰҲûġ
ֻҪҸҶߣһסЩĥҽԻϵǿ
տտ˵Ҫǣϲʵӣ棬Ҳܱ֮ӹӹһҪǿ
չɿǰƣɵο֮ɫСƣڳˡ
ϵ㲻ֹһӣԺǰİ֮λʹܰɡչ˵ʵֵܣԲĻǰΪ
ţϵ֪ˡչɵ˵ͷ漴ѵúøҶֶɣϵóҶֱֶȽӸˣҪѡһһ⣬ԼС˼
ٺ٣ϵİɣҶһʣ˼ƺٺЦ
֪Ҷֶʲô𣿡չ漴Щʵ
ҶҪڽǶɰʤȻǰ۹ѧԺ˵
չɵ˵ͷ˵ʤȻѰ֮ˣչֳǿɰʤ⡣ţȥѧԺҲãѧԺȻǳɳҲ졣
˵գչóһöռָƣ˵ʯǻǰһĴˣͽˡҶֶ츳̫ǿˣҪߣΪ̫ºܿͻᱻҶֶ˦ԶˡңҶֶѧԺ֮󣬿϶иǿѡʱû㹻ʵҲᱻżġ
ϡϵеĿռָʱ˵
ǻǰһļҲ
ʲôʯ
ǿɵľʯЩʯɱԼˡ
սһĻһƷʯ൱һڽҡ
ȻЩǿ߶ѣǲʯҵģϾʯΪܸʲô
ǿ߶ѣΪҪģҵôǺܴ
ңܶ͵ҩֻܿʯȥ˼ǲȡҵġ
ս£ǽ׵Ļǽңǵսϣ׵ĻҾʯˡ
һĵжô񣬲ǿǵǿж٣ҪǴʯж١
ս½ʯѳţҶǳڶûһʯ
Űɣ㱾ǻǰЩģڷ˻ǰλӣôЩֻȡһˣʣµһҪܵˡչ˵
Ƶ˵ͷӹöռָĿᶨ˵ϵҲʧġ
ãչ¶οЦݡ

һҹ޻
ڶ죬ҶǳԹ緹֮󣬱ȥǶ׼һֵʮˡ
ǵɵӭЦ˵Сܵܣ컹Ҫμͬ׽Ƕ𣿡
ǷֵӣǵҶǳеĻ𶼸ˡ
һ
Ҷǳ
漴óһң裬˵һҪμӽǶʮԣҶԼӮ
ңһԵҲóһңЦ˵㣬ͷˡ
֮ʷҶǳ˵СܵŰһҪ㣬ΪѾȡʮʤĶ֣ٶʮʤǿߣеǶʮʤʮʤɲ֮ǰʮˡ
ˡҶǳ˵ͷԼʵţʲôʮʤʮʤһֻһ³Ǿǡܡ
ðɣȻСܵôţ͸ȥˡԣŤ˵ƨɣ뿪ˡ
Ҷ֣ȥս̨ˣȽȥ˼ɾһ٣ٺ١˵Ҳ뿪ˡ
Ҷǳϵëһ˼ɾĸ֣ʱ˫ĿŹ⣬˵СӣӮ׬Ǯȥ˼ɾˡ
㻹һԻҶǳЦ


182 
ˣСʲôҶǳ漴ʵ
ëѾСһŹС︮СԴӵõǹ֮󣬼ֱë׵ˣëʲô͸ʲôֱ˻Ҫˡ
ٺ٣үǾǵĹүҲǺòײŸ㵽ģСǾδĳɾͱ㲻ˡëٺЦ
ȻĹҶǳһ뵽ëݣҲȻˡ
ëޣһеĳޣҲֻ롢׻ȵȡ
ĹǺսûʲô뵽СǾԺܽ߼ˣҶǳжʱڴ
һǿսһٶá
СܵܣҪʼˣ׼¡ʱ˹ЦؿҶǳѾҶǳ
ţ߰ɣҶǳ˵ͷ漴ʯҡ
һţһЦ˵СܵܣεʮֿɲǷ֮һǸ𰲸Ҫǿöࡣ
֪ˡҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ򶨵ı飬Щ棬Ҳһ˿ڴ
ԺܿͿʼˣҶǳȻѡһ֡
û˿ⷢҶǳʵʮ֣ջǾ԰ܸҶǳ
ҶǳʮʤΪ˶ʮʤ
Ҷǳʮʤ迴ҶǳĿԽʷˣҧҧ˵ĺ촽΢ڴؿҶǳʵСܵܣ㻹𣿡
ᣡҶǳ˵漴ԼĽ̨
һΣҶǳԵЩΪ̫ˡ
עĽһʮԣÿעһңʮһΪӮȡһǧҡ
⣬ʮȡõһǮ
һңܹӵһǧˡ
һ˿һӳΪǧ̣ҶǳȻˡ
֮⣬Ӯʮʤ֮ҶǳÿӮһǶҲҺŹԪ֮ǰһ
ģһʮŹԪҶǳȫëˣӦëΪսˡ
ңҶǳҲ֪ˣʤĴԽ࣬õĽԽࡣ
Ҷ֣ߣȥ˼ɾ͡ʱЦݵ˹ЩƵ˵
ˣͣ컹ͰɡҶǳ˵ҲռƱˡ
ɲУæҡͷ˵ܹӮǮǿ㣬ҿһû͵Ȼ롣
˵ûҶǳӮǮǿҶǳԼġֻ濴һϷӮôǮǳɡ
ðɣҶǳҲǿЦŵ˵ͷ
һҲӮһǧ죬һķǮǲʲô
ҪǣҶǳԣչأƽÿ춼ܹӮһǧ
Цݵǰ˼ɾ
극֮ҶǳͻȥˣȻһ䣬ҶǳȥˣҲֻܸŻȥˡ
û뵽Ҷ츳ôߣȻôŬѹʵôǿȻһ츳Ӿŷֺˮŵʵ
ҶǳȥıӰо岻ѡ
һʼЩĽҶǳ츳ڿҶǳܹӵнĳɾͣŬǳȵġ
ԴʶҶǳƾͷˣҶǳƳ˳Է֮⣬϶
ǲμӽǶҲΪʵ
츳͸ߣټŬʵܲǿ
뵽ԼҪҶǳǾͲܱҶǳ˦Զ
£ҧҧҲȥˡ
ңϵһʯÿΪ
ǳѧԺԻԺǿ߷ǳ࣬ڴ֮ǰһʵʱҶǳʸûˡ

УҶǳϥɫЩ
֮Գ극ͻڿ죬Ϊ쾭ǶʮԺѾоԼҪͻˡ
ʵϣͣսѾмµʱˣ͵ͻƵʱ
죬ĻѾ㹻ˣͻҲˮɡ
ϥڴϣҶǳսΧϵӿս֮УһɸǿϢ𽥴
ʱ֮
ȻҶǳ͵۾һš
սڣڵˣ
ʱҶǳоԼսǿˣս֮ѾҲˣսһսˡ
ֻսǿ߿ԷݵأҶǳԼڿ»Ƕ֡
ҪԽսսҶǳãԼ츳Ƕôﵽս
ֻսǱˡ
óȥתתˣ
Ҷǳ뵽
ͻƵսڣʱڣΪټˡ
ԣҶǳûм׼ȥһ䡣
ȥһƣҶǳûдˣȥ︮ĹܼҪһ޳ȥڹ䡣
︮Ϲܼ͵õչɵķԸҪҶǳԴصظҶǳӣĸǻս𣬶ʣµһǵΣϾҶǳ֮ǲǺ˽⡣
εЩŹ֣ΪҲս𡣾˵ԭһߣڽǶǮֱ׷ɱչɾӴ֮ͼ˻ǰ
ҶӣȥЩطһ䣿ЩʵҲ֪ҶǳݷǷϾһ԰ٰҶǳޱȣչҲк
ҶǳǰһﲻֹŹ֣ҲܹŹ֣ϵ·ܸɾ룬ЬոµģһͷͷһҲ޵ı߷ƻӡ
ҶǳûϵϾһֻĵΣҶǳ˵֪һЩ͵ҩʲôĵطȥ
һʱҶǳҪȥʲôطˣɵЦ˵ҶӣҪȥĵطΪ߼м͵ͼȼڸһһϸ˵
ŶҶǳЩˡ
ֻ˵˵˵߼Ǿˣ֮ǵУǿս½УҪĶ涼ҵõеĹطǳϸЯʮڽϵʽܽȥȻսǿߣǾͿֱӽȥ
ǻˣ˵˵мĵطɡҶǳһʱˣΪԼӵһǧңԴִһˣڿԼ֮ǻһˡ
мĵطǶˡ
ЩĽ˵һֱĽֵῪ̵꣬רֵȼĵҩұῪ̵꣬ר֮һֵˡĶҶҲ֪ǳĹ󣬵ȻǵƷб֤ġ
ǾȴȥֿɡҶǳԸ
ϣ˵ͷ漴ʻ޳ǰ֡


183 ©
֮ǵĶֵȷܷʺҶǳΪĵҩҲкܶ࣬Ҷǳȥÿ죬ߵҲ졣
ԭֻһ֡
ڶ֣ҶǳܹĵҩֻйԪⵤҩҪʮһţֱǮ
ڸһԪȻҪǧһţһʮǾҪڽҡ
ҶǳԼҪֵҩǾ̫ɵˡ
ͷ뿪
޳ƲֵҶǳЦҶӣ⣬Ἰƿս½˳ϵʦǼ¢˵ҩԶ۷ǳߡϣ˴һЩսǿ⣬˺ǵĵҩЩڶѾʼԼʦˣǻǰﶼ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲ¢ҵ˵۸Ƕ٣ǾǶ١
ʵϣЩҩĲֻеҩ۸ʮ֮һǰٷ֮һ֮ô󣬶ʦġѡ
ҶǳԼһʦֻҪи߼ʦ֪ʶѧϰϾܳΪһ߼ʦʱԼԪ
ԣҶǳǲȥЩ̵еԪʵ̫ɵˡ
ԼƵĻǧҶƼʮԪˣȥ̵һţҪǲɵҲɵˡ
֮ǣһһ˰
Ҷǳ̾һ漴˵㲻˵һͼĵط
ֵĲг˵
гҶǳһ㶣˵Ҳȥˡ
ҶˡЦ˵ͲгһңʲôеǶΪгܹ뵽ĶﶼеΪ̫ˣкܶٻܷҪĶʱǺܿġ
˵ǰĴ˵ðײ˼һȱļƷҲﻨѴǮȴһżٵ֮Ｏ̾һЩⴳĶߣҲԼҪĶĶĿĶȴ٣Щõȥˣȥܼܲʲô
Ŷһ˼ĵطȥɡҶǳԣʱЦ
УǱˣһë
ëǰսǺε
ңëۣ˵Ļս½ܹȵ˶ָ֮
ʵϣë˿ҲЩڴˣҶǳ˵Сӣطү⣬ڵͼ˵ķСɱСЩͼˣҪ֪ЩⴳҲʲôʱҵʲôȴΪ㣬ڷ
⣬һЩϳǿߣһЩǺӵʵ㣬֪Щ֮Ͱˡԣַ֮Уõģȷֲܹٱ
ëĻҶǳڴˣЦ˵ǵ¾Ϳˣҷſۣ˺ñ
ǾͿСûгˡëƲƲ죬Ŀ⿴ĳ
˼ɾķ
ҶǳʱЦˣϴȥ˼ɾһ١
һΪëʱЦݡ
һԻҶǳҡҡͷ뵽˼ɾζҲЩ
Ҷӣǵˡʱ˵޳Ҳͣˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴޳
һҶǳʱˡ
ֻӭȥȫӰŮ٣粢ż磬ֱɽ˺ȫһ޴Ĺ㳡С
㳡ϣڰڵ̯Щ̯ϵĶʲôУҶǳۻҡ
£Ҷǳ֪Ϊʲôгˡ
λӣ쿴ҵѩƤϵȵѩƤողŰģ׵ļƷϡһƤ󺺶Ҷǳߺȵ
ӣһ֪ΪԪʣµģѪ˦ˣֻҪ5800ͿԴؼҡԱһģ˹˹ĵ˵
Ҷǳʲټ˶սһ֪Ǵү
ԣЩг˶ɴ⣬һҶǳƼԼƷ
ⲻԱ߻һͷֱһѽߵҶǳǰ˵ӣ쿴ѽϴı˵նɱء
Ҷǳһ㶣նɱ˿ǰͷеıɫʱ˳飬ƽնɱ㵱İ
Ҷǳ˵ԱߵһͷҹȻƭҼҹӣ㲻𣿾ƽɱզ찡
˵գĸսĻҲͷŭĿӣŵͷæ֣ڨڨЦλ֣Ҽ׵ûȻӲϲ㣬㡣
˵꣬ˡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷһ
ͷܹġ
߰ɣҶСӣĶǷƷȥ濴ëվҶǳļϣѾۣܿ͵ؾͽ㳡ĵ̯һ顣
ëۣҶǳȻǰٷ֮ٵΣǽ㳡档
㳡ĵ̯Ȼвߺûôˣ̯ǱĿֻѯʵʱǲ۾һ顣
Ҷǳһ·ţҲѡ˼ƷѯëëֱӸһӵ
Ҷǳ֪ԼСֻܵȴëָʾˡ
ëɨӣٶȺܿ졣
ҶСӣǰǸñӵĻͷǰһȥëҶǳ
ҶǳԳǰ濴ȥȻһñӵĻͷͷǰڷ˲ٶеȷһ۵
ⶫʲôãһѣֲǿɮŷ𡣡Ҷǳֹ
ٺ٣СӣɣүԽĺڽ֮УڽƷʣ˵ԽΪƷëЩ˵
Ҷǳʱ۾һ
Ȼ󣬵Ҷǳ񻹲ĻǾǷǳˡ
Ķܹһ꣬ǱȻı
Ǵ켫Ʒϣֵ޷
Ҫ֪Ʒսʹõ
ҪǺڽ˼ƷôҶǳսܶˡ
£Ҷǳס飬ߵǸñӵĻͷǰװʵ˼ңǮ
ͷҶǳݲΪҶǳѡʲôƷû뵽ֻѡһ𣬲ɵ˵ǧߣŲۡ
ͷ˵ʲô𣬼ٽҾͶˣ㻹ҪǧңôԱߵŭȵ
Ҷǳ˿ȴɫһΪᣬôô
Ҫ֪аֻôĻһᶼôܾô
ëܿ͸ˣСӣ汻˷󷨣ԲԵúᡣ˵صĻֵõ𣿹ͱ˸ˡ
ҶǳҲԣóǧҾ͸Ǯˡ
ͷҶǳôʹ죬ʱЦһظҶǳƷֱҶǳԩͷˡ
Աߵ˵ʲôջǱˣϾǮҶǳģܲš


184 ʯ
ͷҶǳ𣬼ǰȥ
ҶӣղűƭˣڱĵطٽҾõԱߵѵ
ްҾϲ𡣡ҶǳЦŰ˰֣ʵء
𲻴СĻǼֱ޼֮ʮڽҶֹǧҾˣʵ׬ˡ
ͳҶǳ;Լûаһˡ
£Ҷǳڴؿëȴëһָʾ
ëûҶǳʧܿʹҶСӣ㿴ǰ𰲸Сеǿʯ壬һҪҲҪǳҪ
ëڴʱҶǳоëץסצӶ˽ҲЩȻⱦȸղҪ
Ȼ֪ʲôҶǳǳǰȥ
ò˵ԩ·խǰǸϤӰǵڽǶԵ𰲸
ʱ𰲸һ̯ǰһΪصʯ壬̯š
үʯҴһϵżҵģ˵ǷӡһֵܣҪһңﳬֵ̯Ц
𰲸ȴŭ㵱үԩͷ𣿾ʯ壬Ȼ˵Ƿӡ˻ֵܣƭҲ̫˰ɣʵ㣬үǿʯĵ̻㾫£үүϲ̣׼͸һ仰ʮң
ʮңүɱҲɱ̫˰ɣ̯ҡҡͷȻӦ
ԶҶǳ״ɵü˼ŶԲߡ
Ҫ𰲸ʯ壬ɲס
ΪǶıԣ𰲸ѾǳʹҶǳˣҶǳȥ߼۹ʯ壬𰲸ΪҶǳԹҲỨѴǮʯġ
ңҶǳһǧңǮ𰲸үǰû¡
ҶǳЩͷۡ
Ҷ֣Ȼܵ˵˵ҵʲôñˣڴʱһϤӺ洫
Ҷǳͷһơ
ٰ˿ˣʱæ
ư˰֣ǰͿǰ治Զ𰲸ɵ۾һҲһĨЦ
Ҷǳ״ʱһ˵֣Ҫ𰲸ǿʯ壬ûʲô취
Ŷ
ԣ˿𰲸ǿʯ壬ǿ˰ҲûпʲôȻҶǳȻҪȻ취
£ʵҶ׼ѶǮ
ܶǮҶҪĻϣֿԽһЩҡҶǳæ˵ëѣȻҪ־ڱصá
ĻǺܼ򵥣Ҷ㾡ܿҵİɡԣʱЦˣ𰲸ȥ
ҶǳǸȥ
ʱ𰲸̯ۣ𰲸ν̯һҧһң𰲸ŭѡ
ⲻ𰲸ûǮһңûзֻƽ׻ԩǮ˵ɵƣȴ𰲸޷̵ġ
ϣⲻүϴڽǶұһʮǮôпˣ
һ˿ϷŰͳЦȥ
ƣ𰲸һƣٿ˿ԱߵҶǳͫ׶ʱһ漴ŭиһ˿Թ
ôǴүǲģ˵ƣֲ㿪ģ
ǺǣЦЦ漴ָ𰲸еʯ壬ǰ̯˵ϰ壬ⶫǮҪˣ
𰲸һ漴ƣʯѾҵˡ
㸶Ǯ𣿡Ʋм˵
̯˵λүûиǮʯһңүҪĻˡ
֮ô˵ҲǱ𰲸ˣϾ𰲸һүȻ۽ôá
ң̯Ҳ֪𰲸Ʋͷ̧֪߼Ǯ
ֻǣ̯Ļ֮ȴЦ˵ϰ壬ƶ㻹һң㵱𰲸ɵ𣿡
̯ʱˣѵԼһСĴү
Աߵ𰲸ȴǲû仰ʲôԼɵƣԼûء
£𰲸ŭƣƣǰ׳գǻǰǰ׳գʯ׼ʮҹģΪҺһһٽҹɵƣ
𣿡ԣҲЦô˼ҳ۾ʮңҪʯĻͳһҰɡɵƣˡ
㡭𰲸ԣʱûðɣڸԼԡ
һԵҶǳ۾һѾ֪ƵļƲˣò˵ƻǴ֪̼𰲸
𰲸ѾƸƵǽˣҪǹʯ壬Ǿ͵ûһңʱͬ˵ɵˡ
𰲸϶ɵƵģһǰ
ǣҪ𰲸ʯ壬һʱ֮䣬ԥˡ
ңҪǷʯ壬ͻᱻþʮҸˣǴ
ԣ𰲸ԥš
ѾȲˣ̯˵ǵүѵôһأһҵĽƱҰʯɣ˳һöңҿɲɵư
ϣүԵȣ̯ԣʱһѶ𰲸еʯ壬׼ݸơ
ȻҪļ۸һңֻüһöңǲġ
Աߵ𰲸ҧҧջûбߵļ۸ȻȱǵǮһֵʮҵʯ壬ҪǻһҹˣǾƲԱߵҲɵˡ
ֻ𰲸ôȥʯƣɵóƣȻֻ˾ʮңͻһʲôأһֻҪʮҾܹʯ壬Ȼ˾ʮңɵֻ͸ɣǴɵơ
û뵽ү;Ȼôϴ㱻ұڽǶӣھȻôվˣò˵һػ˲˵ҩɣƷ̵
ֱӰϴνǶ鵱˵𰲸ҧгݣȴ޿κΡ
磬˵ػǿΪʧûϵġ
ƣţҼˡ㣬塣𰲸ԹصһƺҶǳżҴ뿪ˣʵûˡ
ԴϴΰܸҶǳ𰲸µıҶǳΪܵ衣
һԴҶǳ
ǺǣҶ֣Ҳ
𰲸عˣƶʱЦݵؿҶǳոʯҲóˣҶǳ
лˡҶǳмưæҪ𰲸ʯ壬ǲס
ңֻ˾ʮңʵ̫ˡ
ΪղëѾ˵ˣʯȷһֵܣһһܡ
һ뵽Ҷǳ;Ѫڣֶˡ


185 ұ
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ʯ֮Ҷǳڴʵ
һ͵õֻǻһҶѣʵ̫ˡ
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⣿Ҷǳһ㶣漴ɵֻܵĵطǳظʲô
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ԭô֣Ҷǳ԰̾Щ֣ں⡣
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үһƨƨߵӭ׼һƨأȴ֪𰲸һŭ

𰲸һžͽ߷ɳȥŭ𶼷йȻųԼȥ

һӣ𰲸Ķȫˤˣ̧һףԹ֮ɫƣ壡һҪһҪ
зŭޱȡ
ΪҵĴүȻ㲻֮ǶӵܣôҲûгԹôĿ
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ߵ˵ͷ漴ǰ·
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鷿ˣһӺһ׷ˣǱ𰲸ĸ׺үүԪ
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ⲻǱСߵʯôүү
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ûˣΪʧһʯ壬Ҳʧȥ˸˵Ļᡣ

˵Ҳ̾˿
Ǹȵ治СĶʧһʯ壬Ҿͱڸǿˡ
ԷԼ棬ҲֻԹ
үүȻˣһҪǿʯ塣𰲸֮󣬶ʱɫɭ˵
ȻʯغҵĸˣǾԲñ˶ߡ
˵ͷߵȻģǰûзһʯҲˣȻˣǾ汣ӣлḴң˭ӵǿʯ壬ǶҪ
ף֮ǽֵֹģʯչڣҲңһǳʯ壬ôչɿ϶ͲµʯĲʱʯ壬ǾˡԱߵԪ
˵ͷ˵˵Ĳ鲻ֵ̫һЩȥ֣СʵҲǿֻҪɱһʯ壬չҲСֵġ
үүףǿʯҷֵģҲǴбߵģͽҴɣ
𰲸˵


186 һ
𰲸ԸµӣĸףҲԪüȵΪǹҼ¹شұôҪ飬ôһСȥʱ䣬㻹ǹԹɡ
ףүү飬ֻᾪչɣһСչɸ⡣ԣҴõѡ񡣡
𰲸æ˵
ǱҶǳܣƳʵΪľӢδҼǻ֮ͬлٮٮߵġ
ⲻ𰲸ĻԪҲ˳˼
𰲸˵ĶԣǴô϶ᾪչɵģᾪһЩΪеˡ
ϾԪҵļһһλһսһλսǿߣһ֣Ĳʹˡ
ʱչɣǸ֪ǿʯܣҾͺٵõǿʯˡ
ȻҲͨһ㣬ɵõ˵ͷԪ˵ûǿʯչɵĶУĲó֣øõġСС֮չǲֵܲġ
Ǹף¹شұԪȻҶ⣬Щǡ
ϾغұغҵĸϣȻ˿Ĵ⡣
ѵ㻹ʲôİ취𣿡ҡҡͷ
Ԫ̾˿漴Ŀ𰲸ұҲ֪ˣΪֻһҪǾǲϧһдҲҪõǿʯ塣
ףİɣ𰲸æ˵
ȴɭ뵽ƣ壡ǵɣ
ӹ飬Ҫһشұ⣬ҲҪûƺҶǳѩޡ

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187 
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ߣ츳жߣûгɳţȻһߡ
𰲸뵽һɭЦ
ΪԼҶǳҶǳ츳ǿֻս𣬶Ѿսˡ
սս֮Ĳ̫ˣԣΪҶǳԴù
һ˴ұˣߣ𰲸̨ϵҶǳɱһš

ʮԣڲ֮нˡ
ҶǳҲһ˵ĻУȡʮʤɰʤĿһˡ
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Ҷǳȴޱ飬ڵӣŶ𰲸ȥ
֪Ϊʲô𰲸Ҷǳ˫һʱֲڵĸо·ԼĻԱһ
ܣұ˲֪ǿʯսʼǿ߶ܷеܲŶԡ
𰲸뵽£ӭҶǳĿȥ
ֻǣҶǳѾջĿ⣬𰲸һȭڿĸоƲѡ
˼𰲸ȻԸ⻨ôĴ۹ǿʯ壬Ī֪һʯܣ
Ҷǳʱа뵽
Ȼ𰲸ĻиɻƭƣҶǳлЩɡ
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һԵЩĿɿڴû뵽ҶǳȻôݣһӰѼ۸һ
㰮ߣҶǳ𰲸ķŭƴк㳯ŽǶȥ
æȥ
ֻŭ𰲸
ֻǣҶǳǵıӰʧ֮𰲸ʱЦˡ
ʹұڽʲôղ֮ԷŭҲװӶѡ


188 ƻ
Ҷ֣ղŻݰȻҪڣһ𰲸ǰ׳գ²Ṻǿʯˡ
ȥ·ϣ̲ס˵
ҶǳЩˣϾҪһڽѾڸ𰲸ˣҪڽң𰲸ɵƣǲǿʯġ
Ǻǣǿʯұû׼ȻĴڽҾҶǳЦ
ʵ̽𰲸
˵𰲸ǰ׳գǲܻǿʯġ
෴𰲸ĹǿʯĻǾʹ𰲸ܿӵһʯ塣
ҶǳЩ˷ܡ
ΪջϲһעǸԵˡ
û뵽һתۣԵ־ˡ
ֻǣôҶǳҪȥëһ£Ϊ𰲸ӵһʯ壬ҪҲǺѵġ

ҶǳĻɵþȵҶ֣ĪǿʯʲôܲɣȻ𰲸ô˿أ
ЩˣϾҲǰ׳ա
𰲸үүϲȥҶǳأ
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ȻʱദѾƵˣǹغôܣǲ˵ġ
Ͼ̫Ҫˣ֪ںҲ޴ıصġ
Ϊôкܶ࣬ںô򵥡
ǺǣǾͿ𰲸СǷڽɡƹЦٶʡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ

ص︮ҶǳȲػˣΪҶǳȥȻ
ңԴӴչõʯ֮ʱҲӰӵ
磬һˡҶǳƿţ߽ӡ
ëʱ𣬼Ҷǳ̾ˣæеСӣӮ˰ɣǶٹԪϽСӲ֪һүˡ
ʮŹԪӦ㹻սˡҶǳЦ˵漴װʮŹԪƿ˹ȥ
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֪ëڽս
ңëǿ츳ս۷ǿʵ
ټϷ˲ҶǳãԺսʱԶһˡ
֮ǻǵĸأСڲʮʤ˰ʤ֪ҪõٵҩʱҲǶܽս硣ë۾ʱһ˷֮ɫ
ս֮ΪЩˣҶǳˬëԼҲ⡣
ѵһط׬ȡĵҩҶǳеˡ
ˣȲ˵мҪҪһ¡Ҷǳ˰֣漴𰲸ǰǰ˵һ顣
ë֮۾΢΢Щ˷ܵ˵СƲĲ𰲸СĴڽǿʯ壬Ҳڶʯ

Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵Ҿã𰲸ǰҲ֪Ǽʯ壬ȥ֮طʯ壬ԲȲǹʯ塣
ֻǣʯһ˸ʶ֪еܣǾһʯ壬𰲸СҲûҪڽˡڿȻ֪еܡëüͷ΢΢
Ҷǳ֪ڵʲôҲĵģ³пĸףүү֪ʯܣһһʯǵҪˡ
ҶǳѾ֪ҵǿ𰲸ĸһսүүսڶʯǲùġ
һսëЦСӵ츳ս磬ټСҲҪһսˣʱ֣ټϱүָ㣬Ըһһս⡣ǣǸսϼһͲڿԶԸ˵ˡ
սȷڿԿġҶǳ˵ͷ֪֮ģս磬ÿһλʵ඼Ƿǳ޴ġ
򵥵˵һսɵɱһһսɱսɡ
սս֮Ĳ͸ˡ
ˣҲƲѣҲ㿪ڽѾСӸˣҲСֻǸүүٳһж˵ɡë˵
ĴڽˣҪʯ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ë˼Ƭ̣漴һ˿յЦݣ̧ͷٺЦҪͰʯڴ֮ǰүȰʯһ飬ֽš
ŶʲôƻҶǳ۾һæʵ
ĵͼѾסˣʯҪҪνˣҲǵõĵͼԱүȸһе·ҲǸطëһյ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦãϾǵòĶҲǵõֻǣ𣬾𣿡
Ȼ
ëߵս½ô󣬵ʵϡ٣ѵһǵȻܷСӵ¾ûԲˡ
ʲô취ҶǳʵȻô׷𣬱Ͼغ֮·غԺΪսĻᡣ
ٺ٣֪Ϊʲôʯһͼ𣿡ë˵Ϊʯӵм¼ϢĹܣһЩսңʯƵġ¼һЩս͹Ͼֽźױݻ٣ҼصϢޣĴʹöˣһױݻ٣һ궼ɢ
򣿡Ҷǳԣ̾û뵽ʯôôࡣ
Ǻǣαү͸ֽţڿͼʱҲ˳㽫¼
ëٺЦʱʯ֮о̺һʯеĵͼˣȴõһĵͼǷֵͼǴʱ򣬾ͻΪƭǣһʯƭǡ
ҶǳԻȻ˷ܵˣʱ顮ʯ塯˵ͲҪˣùǶţ𰲸Сӵүү͸ǲٱʯ壬ǽļʾʹˡ


189 
ٺ٣ֻҪµõ顮ʯ塯Ǿӵĵͼˡëӹ磬˵
ƻǷǳġ
Ͼ˭뵽һʯϸʯ岻һ˿ֽŵģֻëʦӵ𣬲ʯ涯ֽţ˷֡
һоͿˡҶǳЦ˵Щڴ
ϣǵڶʯҡ
𰲸үүֻϲʯĸǾͰæһˡ
һҹʱת۹ȥ

ڶ죬ҶǳȻȥнǶμһֵͬ׽ǶˣҶǳΪʮʤڽǶҲԽ
죬ҶǳһǶһȺڱΧ˹ʹʮԶӮ
ȻҶǳʮʤѾ˺ܶˡ
ҲвҶǳģϾǶԽ󣬶ԽǿĿԱԽ
ʤô׻õģĻǶҵˡ
Щ˻鰡
òװȺڣЦ˵
ҶǳҲЩЩ̫ˣмٸֱӰϵʽдֽ˼Զˡ
ˣ𰲸С𣿡Ҷǳ漴̧ͷعܣѰ𰲸Ӱ
һԵҡͷ˵ǼһﲻˣڽҰⶼܹһƿԪˣֲɵƣôܻ
𣿡ҶǳȤ˵ͬʱĿ⿴Ƶ¶һĨŹֵЦݡ
ʱƵĺ棬վŸոոϹ𰲸
һƵĻ
ֱ𰲸ҧгݣֻ۾ðˣƣ޲ɱơ
ΪѾ׼ڹҶǳʯˣڽҵĽƱˡ
Ѿ˵ܻ򣬷ɵƣ𰲸ô˿ڣ
ѵҪֱӳԼɵ
һǴұһϡ
𰲸һʱᣬ֪ôѡˡ
ƵĿ⣬Թͷŭһﻵ£ʮǿʯˣҲڹܵǵļ
ѽүˣ
ƷҶǳɫЩŹ֣ɵûͷһʱͿ𰲸
ͬʱҲ֪ԼղǷ𰲸ˣЩΡ
𰲸ǳˣԵҲûʲô˵ġ
˵Ҳ𰲸
ǣƼЦŴȤ𰲸ȻˣǲǴڽˣ
ʯأ𰲸Ҷǳѡƣ̲סҪƶˣѾ಻סеŭˡ
㻹򰡣Ƶٴδ
𰲸ɫһԵøˡ
Ҷǳƴ̼ˣóǿʯ壬Ц˵ү㿴𣿡
˵գʯݸ𰲸Ҳ𰲸ֱߡ
飡𰲸ϸ鿴һʯ壬ȷԼϴڡгֵǿ飬ĸҲԼҵĴұϣʱ¶Цݡ
ͬʱȡڽҵĽƱݸҶǳߵڽƱ㡣
ˣүҶǳֱʵϣһ۾ϳŽƱһžʹһڽңȻڡ
ãǵĽ׵Ϊֹ𰲸ԣ˵漴ݺݵԱߵһۣת뿪ˣƼЦɵơ
ֻǣȻûŹıӰɵơүҼﻹмʯ壬ҪҪҲұôݣֻһڽҡ
𰲸Բ˸ͷûڴŴұֻȥֻﰵɵƣǲɵƣҼ˴ұָտɴʱһ̤ƽǻǰ
ǿҵĺ⣬𰲸޳һҲͣس𸮱жȥ
ҶǳǽӣԽ϶ǵڶʯˣ¶Цݡ
ٺ٣Ҷ֣㷢ˣҪȥ˼ɾͰҶǳ¶ЦݣƻΪҶǳΪڽҶأЦ˵
ãҶǳЦŵ˵ͷ
ΪڽҶģΪõһʯģջʵ̫ˡ
ڽҶһƿԪˡҶǳ뵽
ȥԪҪԼԪʱֱӹԪĲϡ
ʱڽҶܹƳϰٿԪˣֵ
գպڽƱҶǳȡμһֵͬ׽Ƕˡ

𸮡
𰲸һ·ͣظ˻æȥ֪ͨԼ׺үүϢˡ
һ˴ұ𰲸еǳ˷ܣԼӦÿԵõԼүү͸׵Ͽˡ
Խ룬𰲸Խ˷ܡ
ߣƣ壡ɵô֪ʯǼĴұǼ帴֮Ǿ͵ɡ𰲸а
ʲô飬ôˣ
ѵһشұ𣿡
ʱ𰲸үүͣ𰲸ĸԪ˫˫ˡ
𰲸΢΢һЦҲ˵ֱóǿʯ塣
Ԫ۾һʱ
һʯ壬ĸ񣬻ʣԲдġæùʯ壬ۿ漴˷ܵ˵
ʱԪҲóԼҵĴұ
ò˵ʯĲһģһҸҲͬС죬һͣȻһʯ塣
ұڼˣԪˡ
ϣڼԴұˣҸˡ
Ŵұ
ԪҲŹϲ
үүףȱ𼤶⴫ұǼˣеʲôҪθңһԵ𰲸ȵЩļæ˵
ĵġ
ֻǣƽ𰲸Ǹô˵ĻԪͽѵˡ
ҲΪ𰲸һʯ壬ͺܴ
ԣԪûˣЦ˵İɣѾˡ˵һأرͼʯ嵱С
ǿ
ʱҲվʯԽӵһʯȻ޷
⻹㾪档
ں档
ֻһƬĻʯ滺ʯϿգ¶һ޴ʵͼģȴ
ǲرͼ𣿡𰲸ɴ۾о˼飬ͬʱҲǳ˷ܺͼ
һԵԪѾóֽͱʣڼ¼ͼˡ
úԪؼ¼ͼ
ͬʱҲͷſʯ壬Цݵ˵رͼѾ֣Ǿ֯ȥѰһ¹شԴӡԪҪ塣
үүһɡ𰲸æ˵ԼµıأȻкˡ
˵ͷЦܹ봫ұĹͺܴξʹһȥɡ
ΪڣԪҲûˡ


190 ˣ
ʮʤ
ҶǳһδӽǶʱѾʮʤˣΪǶֿȵǣֳ״鿪
Ҫ֪ڽǶʮʤͶʮʤʲô
ʮʤʮʤǾͷǳˡ
ͬ׽ǶеʮʤǼֱеţܰõ
ңҶǳôᡣ
ԣ֮Ѿ֮Ǵ鿪ˡ
ڸղҶǳʱ򣬻ǷԸǵļ壬˻ԼŮ޸ҶǳŵҶǳϽƾܳ˽Ƕ

һܣһߴЦҶ֣ղôûдӦûпĻӦ֮һµȼļҪĳ
ȥɣҶǳݺݵһۡ
Ц˵Ҷʮʤʱ򣬹Щеȼ嶼סˣҪ˰ʤĻô֮ǵĸҪ£ˡ
ǲӦǲǻңҶǳü
ЩһԸֻҪǵòĶǿ϶Ҳñ˵õǰõѡ
Ҷǳոµ۹һȺ׷ɱڿɲ뱻֮ǵĴ׷ɱ
ңԭһƬһӲ뿪֮ǣһ뿪ܶûطܡ
ȴǰЦҶ֣㲻õģڵǻǰıܣҲǻǰˡ֮ǵĸԼɱ˴˵Сǲ϶ֵġ
ǰأҶǳߵ
ҲɳһЩʿѣһᳬսΪսݵˣһ֣ǼˣǲɳսϵǿԸ㡣սµʿҶʵѵκε𣿡Ц
ӵҶǳƷս۷Сƾ֪ҶǳʵѾԶԶǿһľ۷ǿߣսж֡
һôһ˵ҶǳҲ˿ٵġ
漴Ҷǳ뵽˱𰲸ߵǿ顮ʯ塯֪ǲѾʼѰжˣ
յͼϵ·ǲܷʯǼٵģʱٻƾһݺˡ
Ҷǳš
ʱÿˣһоһݺ𰲸ƻ鷳ʱٳûջǿ顮ʯ塯Ӷõĵͼ
գҶǳٴȥ˼ɾһ٣˳һݸë˻ȥ
⼸죬ëҿǿǳ࣬ҶǳȻҪһ
ò˵һһԻ˼ɾζܺɵĸˡ
Ҷǳǳġ

ҹˮǻԱ鲼
ҹһƬžУ𰲸ʮǼǿʿ뿪֮ǣյͼϵ·ʼѰµıء
֮ԴôˣҪΪ˴ˣ϶ע⡣
ߣԳսʵʲôηġ
ңⱦģ治ܻΣյģϾû˻ıԼĺ
壡ƣ
ǵţ𰲸ʱǵڡ
뿪֮ǵʱ𰲸תһ֮ǣ˫ȭգЦ
ãֻҪҵµıأܸңʱǰ׾ˡ
ϧǣǰյͼ·죬ȴһɽɽɽͺͺģݶûУʲôء
ң𰲸ϸ鿴һµͼͼЩطȻǺᡣ
֣ʱǰ𰲸ȷǿʯԭڡгֵǿûһ仯𣿡
νϳɾһٶˣǻ۵ȻܸߣһӾͲµǿʯˡ
𰲸һæ˵үүǿʯ壬Ϊ֪ϲЩƷڡгʱҾϸ˿ʯ渡Ҽǵûзκεĸı䡣ңʯôʲôı䣬ҿ϶ֵᷢġ˵ǿʯ岻ԣΪλǼҵĴұ޷ӣ
Ե˵ͷ֪Լ˵ĲʯǼٵģôǲǼҵĴұ޷ӵģӲܻеͼ֡
ԣʯһġ
Ȼ֪ǼҵĴұһٵģҲпܡ
ֿԺСΪǼ֮䴫еģҵ˶֪οء
үү˵ʯ᲻ᱻչɸֽţƻеĵͼ𰲸үүڳ˼ɵ˵
ЦʯҶû취ֽţƳģһսʶֽܶţչʲô
ֻ֪ëһλսȻʧȥһΪӵʦˮƽǼʶˡ
ʯ岻Ǽٵģûб˶ֽţǾ˵ͼǶԵģֻûп𰲸漴˵
˵ͷֻʣˣоһͼʵڲУֻȻȥˡ
𰲸˵ͷ漴ϸضǰͼ濴š
ͼ׿Ͼ·ȷģֻмʮڵ㣬ԵЩ֡
үү˵Щڵô𰲸һ˵
ο˵ͷ˵ܹһ㣬˵⼸ɳܶ࣬Կɡ
ʵҲһ㣬ҪһԼӣ𰲸տˣο
ϾԺҪ𰲸ģ𰲸û㹻Ҳܻġ
𰲸֪ܹжΪһشұĹͣǷԼμ֮λ顣
ʱ𰲸Щڵ㡣
ȻȵеĽڵ֮Щ·ڵͼһ֡
֣Ȼǡɵơ
֣𰲸һ˲ˡ
Բɺϣ
ôɵɺϡ
ڵĶ磬Ҳܣŵۡ
ң⡮ɵơֻ֣ռݵͼһ롣
ûмǴĻߵĵͼ𰲸һǿʯ塣
ʣǿʯı˶ֽţ˵ǡ
ɶ񣡡
쵰
˲䣬𰲸ȫˣɱֱŭ졣
Ǳˣˡ
һˣ塣
뵽ֱðɣӴսϢһӳ𣬽ͷ񶼸ˣ𰲸ʮಽ
⻹ƵԵʣĻ𰲸ֵܵսơ
壡
ԶԼүү˵𰲸ûԼүүս˫ȭԹҧгݡ
Էڽңˣȫңֱ̫ˡ
𣬲졣


191 
Ƿ
һ죬Ҷǳո߳ǶͲһǷ
һԵЦҶ֣ЩŮٸˡ
ҶǳԺݺݵһۣ漴޳˼ɾȥ
ѾȥˣڣҶǳڽǶȡʤ
Ѿʮʤˡ
ĻԻսѾ֮ǵעˡ
ǶսˣЩͽˣ֮ǿˣԼòŮٸǰΪҪҶǳ߱ǱҶǳˡ
ԣƵĴȤʵǳĽء
ѾȥˣӦ÷ֵͼǼٵ˰ɡ޳УҶǳ뵽
һ뵽ëǿʯ涯ֽţ̲סЦ
治֪ҿͼġɵơ֮󣬻ʲôı顣
ҶǳҲ֪һͳ׵ˣԺ˫϶ǲݡ
Ҷ֣ЦʲôƿҶǳЦɵʵ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵ûʲô
ٺ٣Ҷ֣ϵ˵ˣ쿪ʼкܶССļ峤ףҪŮ޸㡣˵ڽ컹һλеȼ峤Ҫأϵû취ƴˣԼŰɡ漴ֻ˵
ҶǳЦû뵽ԼμһǶѣȻôҪ
£Ҷǳҡͷǲܻȥˣ֮ǹɡ
ã
Ƶ˵ͷ漴Ц˵Ҷ֮⼸ˣûкúùóûһ䣬ҶҪȥʲôط
Уܰҽȥ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ҪһЩ߼֪ʶ鼮ӶΪһ߼ʦܹԪԼʵˡ
ϧҪУʮڽҵʱУӵսΪҪҶǳﲻ
аǿҪʮڽҵʱҼνȥҲǸϵȥġԿЦ
ҶǳʱʧǾˡ
ƿҶǳʧı飬ԼԺҪҶǳģôС鶼첻ˣ
£Ƴ˼Ƭ̣۾ͻȻһæ˵Ҷ֣⼸ĴҲ߰ˣҶϴβǴ𰲸СõڽټʱӮǮӦ㹻ʮˡ
һֻҽȥȥҶǳüص
ԹЦҶ֣ǿԴһӽȥģֻӲģʱҾӸһȥ
ҲãίˡҶǳ˵ͷ
ưڰ֣ЦʲôܰæͺãʵҶ죬ܺϵһˡ
ŶΪΣҶǳʵ
ÿ¶һδᣬʱкܶ챦֣԰ϵڣ֮ǴССļ峤ȥμӵģʱ졣˵
ȥһΣȥ̽̽סҶǳЩ˷ܵ˵ȻеĴᣬĻҲԼҪĸ߼֪ʶҲӦÿҵõ
ǣ˼ɾ극󣬾ͣظˡ
֮ǵܴͬ󣬶Ҿڳĵλӣֵĵطʵ̫ˣһǹ壬ǴˣܸС
ҶǳƵĴù֮ʽʹﵽʮһǧѾʮڽңﵽеҪˡ
£˳ؽС
һУϤ˵صƾ͸Ҷǳ·ָǰ˵Ҷ֣ҪΪҩĵرս챦һ˸Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬ҪʲôҾʹȥĸɡ
Ҷǳϸ룬ëʦʦߣûҪȥˣսҲҪϾĹսս񼶱ģѾս½ˡ
ҩҲûҪȥҩԼƣѾСǡ
΢ųһ£ֻʣĵر챦ˡ
ͬʱҶǳҲԼҪ߼֪ʶ뷨ơ
һʱɴ۾ŵضҶǳ˵Ҷ֣㲻Ҫң㻹һλʦɣѵӵл֣
ҵȷһλʦҶǳЦЦ˵
ǰ̾漴ɫһ䣬ƺʲôЩŵؿҶǳԣҶղ˵Ҫ߼֪ʶѵѾмʦ𣿡
˵һ
ҶǳͣܳΪмʦǼֱǰ;ᣬǶеš
µǣҶǳš
Щˣѵ֮Ĳ࣬ô𣿺ҶǳֱһҲ̫˰ɡ
ǺǣҲЩ츳ɡҶǳ˵
Ʋ֪˵Щʲôֻܸ̾Ҷ֣㣬ǸˣⱲûгݹʲôˣΨһһ
ǺǣҶǳ΢΢һЦ
߰ɣȥӦҪĶ漴Ҷǳ
Ҷǳһߣһʵ߼֪ʶ𣿡
ͨ˵ܹ󣬶˵һҲһǧҶѡ˵
Ҷǳһ㶣漴Щŵ˵һǧңôˣ
Ǻǣõ˸߼֪ʶͿԳΪ߼ʦе֪ʶܷջһ⡣
Ц˵˵ֶһ֮󣬾ͿԴˣһҲ󡣡
ǰˣһΪЩ֪ʶƿأԵú󡣡ҶǳЦ
ЦҪ˵֪ʶʦ֪ʶΪ֮⣬ûʦʦҲûʦ֪ʶǲ޼֮
ʦʦҶǳڿûȥ룬̫ңԶˡ
ʵôʦ֪ʶأ
ҪһڽңⶫѧԺУֺαﻨԩǮأϾΪ߼ʦ֪ҪȵʲôʱھͲЩˡ˵
ҶǳһǼ۸񣬾ֱӷˣԺȥѧԺѧϰɡ
˵֮䣬Ѿˡ
ϵһеĵԱҶǳһǧңԸԳõԼ˺ܾõĸ߼֪ʶмʮ飬ѵаôˡ
ƿĿɿڴ漴Ц治֪ôһǿʵһ͵ûѺܶʱ䣬ﻹʱ
ǺǣлƽݣҶǳЦЦ漴˻֣ЩյԼĿռָС
Ҫʲô𣿡Цʵ
Щ߼ʦĵҶǳҲ֪ˣЩҩĵٶ˵ı
ǣ֮Ҷǳ˼ʮָ߼ʦĳԪ
ЩҶǳԼҪ˶ãԿʼԪˡ
ʱΪܿٵˡ
Ҷǳ;ޱ˷ܡ


192 ɽ緢
뿪֮Ҷǳȥһĵر棬Ҷǳ˺ܶõĵرϧܶ۸ֻ̫ܿ۲
գҶǳֻѡһЩԪҩģЩȻҲ󣬵ڽң㹻򼸰ٷԪҩˡ
ֻЩҩ֮Ҷǳֻʣһˣ⻹صģΪμӽǶҪעء
Ҷ֣ǻҪ𣿡ƿҶǳҩģɵʵ
ҲҶǳжٽңղҩĻ϶ˣԲдһʡ
ҶǳЩҩģƲʲôģȻ֪Ԫȴ֪ԪҩģϾʦ
ңԪҪҩ̫ˣʦǲ
ȥɣ
Ҷǳ̾
׼ȥ챦Լֻʣһˣͷ㡣
ϾĶ̫ˣûǸҪ
˵ǻܸչʱҲһ¼ʶ
˾뿪Уص︮
ص֮︮Ҷǳ㿪ʼѧϰ߼֪ʶҲȥˡ
ףСӣҵ߼֪ʶˣһԣëҶǳе鼮ɵ˷ܵ
ʱѾʼڽ֮ˡ
ֻǣҶǳڿ飬ɵЩ棬Ծ͹һ
һëͼˣΪҶǳڿ߼֪ʶҶǳѾҵ߼֪ʶΪ߼ʦˡ
ȥһУҵЩ߼֪ʶҲֻһǧҡ⣬һ˼ٷԪҩģе׼ˣֻҪЩ֪ʶˡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷëЦ
Ȼ֪ëΪʲôôֻҪΪ˸߼ʦôԪԿǵΪˡ
һǾڶ̶ڽսˡ
뿴ʱҶǳŸոմﵽʮ꣬ôսսصĳ⣬˭ܴõ
ҶǳԼ붼üޱȡ
ãϽѧϰүѺڽɡë˷ܵ˵
ҶǳĻǶʮ㡣

峿ġ
ҶǳƴӽǶ˶Цݡ
ΪҶǳɰʮʤˡ
ʤֻʣˡ
˷ܵ˵Ҷ֣˭֪гʤʵӮˣǶ춼ˣɫˡ
ǺǣǽǶҴҵ˵̨߿һ㲻ʲôҶǳ˵
ҡҡͷҵƲ⣬ıԣĶֻǿǽǶصǿߣҶصģǾ㱻ѹΪʵҲǿޱȡһֹʤ˰ʤʧʹܶˡ
û뵽ǶҲôաҶǳЦ
ߵ᱾һȺ̰ˣ飬ǲŲˡ
ϧοǿˡҶǳһŲЩصǿߣΪ壬ǿս֮У˭ܱȵ
ߣҶǳͻƽ֮ƣڶûжء
ʱһǻǰ˶ȥӮû׬һʡ˷ܵ
߰ɣȻ︮Ͳȥ˼ɾˣϻҪȥءҶǳ漴Ц
˻ص︮ȴ︮ЩأһЩǰǿߣ︮ʹ︮ڳһɹǿϢоսĸкüʮ
Ҷǳüͷ΢΢һ壬Ըод鷢ˡ
æϹܼңѯʵܼң׷ʲôˣҸղſǻǰļλˡ
ٰ֪ղǵõϢɽֿʼ緢ˡܼЩ˷ܵ˵
ĻԱߵҶǳƶ۾һϲɫ
̫ˣˣҲҪȥ漴˷ܵ
ܼȴɫһ䣬æ˵ٰȻÿκɽ緢౦ΪЩʹúɽγһƬɱ¾أޱȵΣգǱȥˡ
ߣϴ˵ʵϵҲȥҶѾΪսˡѾﵽս۷壬սҲԶˣһҪȥƴ˵
ףҶǳԣشһƣȻΪ࣬Ѿﵽս۷ˡ
Ҷǳ𾪲ѡ
Ҫ֪һοƵʱ򣬶ԷҲŸո̤սѣŲµʱ䣬ԷΪȻô࣬Ҫ졣
ֱ˼顣
Ҷǳȴ֪ʱ俿ʯİΪĵȻܿˡ
ңŰսƿƣͿԽսˡ
Ҷǳ˼ںɽ緢棬ֻ΢¶һ˿ȣæѯʺɽ顣
︮Ĺܼ˵֮ǵĸǿǣ׼ǰɽˣеᶼѺˡ
ߣȥϵһȥҶǳʹҴ뿪ˡ
ܵ︮´
ֻǣ´ſڣĸǰǿ߰أǽȥ
֪˭𣿸ңƼ״ʱŭ
ǻǰٰﻹ︮ļңȻסˡ
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ƶʱˣŭҪ׼ȥ
Ҷǳȴչɵ˼æס˵Ϊˣ˼ǻȵȵȰɡ
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Ͼǻǰ߲Ļ飬ȻǻǰٰڻûʸμĻ顣
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Щ˳֮󣬱Ϸ뿪︮ȻչʲôԸȥ׼ˡ
ʱλǰǿڷˣƺҶǳȥˡ
չɴʱ´λϣԼӺҶǳɵ¶Цݣ˵СƣҶֶˣĽǶȻ˳
ﲮĸѾɰʮʤˡҶǳЦ˵
ȴæ˵ϵȥɽһҪңڵΪӦ㹻ȥ˰ɣ
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չԣɵߵСӣ֪жΣ𣿵ʱսǿ߶һѣЩսмСսʱನɱˡ
ôΣհƶʱˣȻ֪ԼǲԼġ
ֻչɸ̾ҵõǱҲǾһЩ꣬ҶΪսˣжСĽսʱҲ·һ˵ֻгΪսǿԱİասµˣǾսﶼڻңõĻܵõһ˸ࡣ
ðɣҲȥˡƿЦɲڻҡ


193 
Ҷ֣̫ΣˣҲҪȥ˰ɣƷȥɽѰ֮󣬽ĿתԱߵҶǳ˵
һԵչҲ˵ͷ˵ǰҶֶ츳ȺûҪȥðգԺΪսɽҲ١
ﲮȥϣܹҡҶǳĿᶨ˵
ëˣʱɽһ̽ż֮еʲô
Ҫ֪ǺпǻżŻɽ緢ıﶼЩսǿ߷żı͸ˡ
ҶǳԴ˿ѾãȻܾʹ˷
ҶֶҪˣɽɲ֮ǣЩǿ߿ɲ˭ǿ㲻˳۾Ͷ֣ҾõʲôҲģʵ̫ΣˡչɳٴȰ˵ҶǳϾҶǳ츳ʵûҪðա
ҲȰ˵Ҷ֣ǻǰĴ֮ǣɰʤɡ
֣㲻ȰˣҶĳǹ¼ҹһҪֻȥƴҶǳ˵գչɣ˵ﲮҲ֪Ҷĳˣµ۹ĹΪҶ£ѵһɽ𣿡
ðɣȻȥ׼׼ϱһɡչԣʱȰˣͬʱҲе岻ѡ
û뵽ҶǳţȻƴ
ȻţҲȫ츳Ҷǳܹ;ʵȷǿŬ
չɲɵöҶǳ߿һۣôŬƴţ䣬һΪǿߵġ
뵽չɾõȥ˺ɽʱһҪҶǳδĴɽز
Ҷ֣ౣأǵòҪ뿪ϵ̫ԶԱߣƼҶǳ˼֣ҲͲȰ˵ˡ
֪ˣҶǳ˵ͷ漴˵ﲮ֣ģȻȥ׼һˡ
ţ
չɺƶ˵ͷ

صӣҶǳͰϢëˡ
ë֮󣬶ʱ۷Ź⣬˷ܵǺûᰡǻʺôҲһλսʼǿߣıС˵кܴġ
İҲСҶǳƲ
Ա߻ûɵĺڽҶǳüǽǾҪˣڽҪںϵʲôʱܺã
ԴսҺпܶսûѺڽҶǳʵûжٰա
ٺ٣ǰɽһ·ʱ㹻үƺúڽˣͷİɡëЦ
ҶǳҲԣɽ֮ǲ·̣ȷ㹻ëƺúڽˡ
£Ҷǳϥ£ʼԼ״̬
ͬʱҲڶԱԼʵ
Ѿﵽսڣʵȸո֮ǵʱǿࡣ
ṳ̂սȫƽ֮֮ǰҶǳȻûаնԿսǿߡ
ⲻǵȼĲ࣬ǽλ֮Ĳࡣ
սս֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳãԼֻ̤ս磬ȫƽ֮ţӭһս
һǰɽǿߣɲֹһսô򵥣չսҪСĽɼʱ϶Ҳмս͸߼ս֡
ҶǳԼòҪЩսͻȫΪ
ֻҪɽڲЩɽ緢ıҿûȤЩսûµۣӦòע⵽СһġҶǳ뵽
ʱĺܿ죬ɫ
Ҷ֣׼ϵҪˡڴʱ⴫ƵĻ
ڣҶǳʱ۾ת˲š
ͬʱԱߵëҲֹͣƺڽǽսԼ֮УȻɵҶǳļϡ
֨
ƿţҶǳ㿴վơ
߰ɣҶǳ΢Ц˵
Ҷ֣һҪСĵ㡣ٴѵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ƣ︮Ĵ
ʱɫȻѾ︮ȴһƬƻͨһǰǿߣȫŻѣŻǣ׺֮ɫǿޱȡ
Ҷǳֻɨһۣ㰵̾ѡ
ʣЩǻǰľ
ЩɲȥɽģҪػ︮Ͼûչڣ︮һеˣչɵϼңҪ
˵֮ǲɱ¾ԷһǿԵġ
ֻҪɱˣ֮ǵĳҲЩëƤС顣
չɿɲϣԼϼұ˳ˡ
չȥɽģҲս۷ĻǰǸɶѣЩΪޣлս磬Ҫƴһܲܽλᣬõ񵱳չһս
Ҷֶǳɡ
УչɿҶǳɵЦ
Ҷǳͫ΢΢һΪչɵԱ߿һֻޱȾ޴Ļǡ
ֻǱͨĻǴֱһƶսݣǻͨëɢһˣ˫׺ݵӣŷ˵ɱ⡣
ô׺Ļǣ˿ȴʮֹɵؿչɵȱߡ
Ҷǳʱ֪ˣСĸףеߣսʵ
ΪôǿչɵĻǰŻôǿ֮ǵµȼ嵱Уڶһ
Ҷǳٿ˿ս۷弶ǿߣҲԴһֻսĻǣһϢǿޱȣǾսֻһˡ
ﲮѾ׼ˡҶǳ漴˵
չɵ˵ͷ漴˵ɣҴһ̡
˵ţչվԱߵֻ;޴ĻҲվ߾Ȼչɶߵöࡣ
ֻȴſչıϡ
չֶҶǳ֣ʾҶǳ
ҶǳʱЩطȥֻ޴ĻǱϣʱоֻӿֹĻиеޱȡ
ս
ɢϢϢĸо
Сƣúڼչ漴Աߵ˵
ϵСĵ㡣֮ɫ
չɵ˵ͷ漴ֻǵԴֻǶʱͺһ︮汼ܶȥ
ǼǰĹǸɣҲϸԵĻǣչɵĺ档
Ҷǳ˿ץסֻǵëֱоľٺˣٶȼֱ̫ˣһƵġ
Ҷǳֻ֪ǹٶȣǼֻսĻǸ
һ·ϣֻγһɫĲӰԵޱ硣
ëЦ˵ڴСΪսٺ٣ٶȿˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
ǰɽûдСϾ̫ΣˣСȻʵǿ󣬵ﻹġ
ңСŬǾ׼սҶǳȻ
ֻҪȵСս磬ôͺչһӵһͷսˣ붼üޱȡ


194 ں
ǵٶȷǳ죬ԭҪִܵɽչǽһ죬Ѿһ·ˡ
أִܵɽˡ
ʱɫչһȽΣѹĵطפϢһ
Ҷǳ˿ҲԼϢëȫڽ֮УںϵٶȻҲδܹɡ
Ҷǳ״ɵüͷһѺڽʵ϶ܶࡣ
Сӣﱾүһ£̫ͺһóүͲˣѵܽںϽȥëͻȻȵ
ҶǳԵ˵ͷ漴ëǰ߶Լ̫ͺ𣬳ǰĺڽֹȥ
Сӣٿغ𣬰ձүĲëһںϣһָҶǳҶǳ׻µġ
ʵϣҶǳ׳ղںϺڽ飬Ѿð˺ܴգʱпܵ¹һҲ֮ǰëҶǳæԭ
һ£ںҪ裬ҶǳС׿ġ
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֮ںϵٶҲܶˡ
ԭҪһںϵĺڽ̶ʱʹںϽ࣬ںٶȣϾˡ
Ҷǳɵü
ţ
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ڴʱԶչɴ֮оѣЩ𾪵ؿҶǳ
Ȼ񣬵ȴλʵǿս
ֻǣ뵽Լ˵ҶǳѾмʦˣչҲȻˡ
Ȼʦǿ϶лֻ֣ǿӣֵǳǿ󰡡
չȻҲ֪𣬵ȴû룬Ϊ̫ϡ٣̫ˣһ֣ͻս½ķڡ
ԣչɸ֪˿Ҷǳ棬Ȼ
ҪǱ֪ҶǳԺҲˣս½Ĵ׷ɱˡ
ܳΪмʦǿս츳ʵںδĳɾжôߣ
չɲ̾
Ϊһǿս֮ǣżֱ壬ûһȵҶǳ
ΪˣŻԼĶƸҶǳ۹⣬ֻҪҶǳûڳɳ·ϣôδһΪս½һλ
ĶӸҶǳԺĳɾҲ᲻

ʱ仺š
°ҹʱҶǳĻʧˡ
ΪڽѾɹںǿ
ʱҶǳЩǰĺڽ˷ܡ
ںǿĺڽøˣ·һħһɢһɳصѹȸУҶǳԾظоѹ
Ҷǳеޱ𾪣Ҫֻ֪һѽѣһˡ
㻻ˣҲսΪҶǳоѹ
һѽȴܹҶǳоѹͷǳˡ
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漴Ҷǳɵÿëʵ磬Ѻڽǿ˶٣
˵ԹԼȥˡëҡҡͷ漴˵Կ϶ǣѽѾǾƷе۷ˣӽƷˡ
˻
ҶǳԵһ
Ʒսʹõе۷壬һĸ߼սС
ΪֻдʦʦһļƳ۷弶ľƷ⻹ҪĲϲС
ԣʵﵽ˸߼սҲѵõһ۷弶ľƷ
ڣҪǱ֪ڽ϶ġ
ë뵽һ㣬ڶڽʱ򣬾Ͳ˺ܶϢ󷨣ʹúڽֻЩѣսʶѺڽ
Ϊʦëġ
ڵʵѽԸһսӦò˰ɣҶǳ漴ʵ
ëЦ͹㹻ˣսǿ߿ԷУվУع㣬ȴ򲻵ǣܱ𣿡
ǰսܷУһоһսΪˡҶǳЦ
սս֮Ĳ࣬ǾսԷС
û취ֲġ
ԣô˿սԽս
ЩսӵսĹҲܻܷеս
ٺ٣СӣҲҪйү˵ЩսǿսܷеġСܹõսôսսսͲ漣ˡëͻȻٺЦ
Ҷǳ𶯲ѣ漴ʵʲôս磬ǰսӦ֪սɣ
ܹУζҪõҶǳҲ⡣
ǸսүûСһޱȵҶǳëɵÿЦү޷ˣһ˫򣬴СܷУսԱү˵ֻһ߶ѣԱүҲûо
Ҷǳʱޱʧ
ǺǣҲҪ̫ʧû׼ѧԺءëο
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴˵ˣȲһ£νɽ
ëԳɽӦûкܶǿߣǲðȻɽֻܵǴʱĵؽȥ
ˡҶǳ˵ͷ

峿ٴγ
лǴǵٶȷǳ죬ڰʱ򣬾͸ϵ˺ɽ
ҶǳĿȥеǳ𺳣ΪǰûɽνĻɽڵصףֻ¶һ޴ӣЩɽھЩ֮С
ʱЩɽѾ緢ˣȻңЩҽȴ֮вϵð˳ѾΧӳȥˡ
ͣ
ȵˣӿΧ¶Ȳϵߡ
չΪһǿսսԶŻ壬ûʲôо
ҶǳëӵҽĻ棬˵ֱǴ󲹣͸ûвˡ
չɵǼ£ܶǾս۷ǿߣ˿̶о˺ܴѹ׷׳ս
ڲԶҶǳ˲ȻǰѰˡ
УһЩ˷УԵޱȰ
Ҫ֪չսҸߵطУɼЩҷеսɵӣǾʵԶչɡ
ܹΪս˭ɵأ
ԣЩսȻںߣʵԶԶǿչɣмսǸ߼ս


195 װ
öǿ߰
ҶǳһȥߴӰһϢǿޱȣȻսһ£Լмʮˡ
Ǽʮս
Ҷǳǵһοĳ棬ǳ𺳡
ңֻǷϵսʵ͵Ķмսڵϣмʮսûѡߵطϡ
ϰλսˡ
뵽֣Ҷǳͱһôսǵһμ
Ҫ֪ǰܹһλսͲˡ
ϰλսĴɲʲôʱġ
˿̣ҶǳΪʲôչ˵Σˡ
˵ϰλսĴڣЩʣµˣҲһǾսھսµǲġ
ң˵ľսھս۷ġ
ֱǿ߱ء
磬ҵż𣿡Ҷǳ֮󣬱ѯë
˵ĿģΪżҽ緢ıҶǳûκε뷨
Ȳ˵ҶǳǷЩһǿΧǿǣܹҶǳСһｫȥ
Ȼչɿ϶ᱣģûжżʮλսҪЩǿս֣չҲֻ·һ
ԣʼգҶǳĿǵصҽżϡ
ţ
ë˵ͷ漴ҵˣǰǸһڻɽڣֻҪȥһֱ룬Լ׵ʱܿõˡ
ʲôףҶǳԵһ֮ɫ
սǿ߿ԷݵأǷɵĸ߶ҲƵģǶݵصҲƣĻ㻹ܷɵǿȥ㻹ܰݴ
ϣɵԽߣܵѹԽ
ڵҲͬˣݵԽѹԽֲ
Ҷǳ֪սǿߣɸߵļޱֻһףݵصļҲһס
ż׵ҽ֮УѹЩսǶԴ޿κΣϾûЩҽ赲ôȣսǿ߿Եִġ
սʼǿҲõսȻԶݵصףڴڼ䣬ҽǵսʹǱơ
ȥ֮ҪˣҪһʱزǾˡ
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ֻϧżԵ
գҶǳü磬Ȼҽôȣǿ³ܲס
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ŶȷҶǳЩɡ
װ
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ҶǳҲ֪ëܺԼЩɻ
Сӣ𣿡ëߵСӻ𣬾Ȼȴһ㲻֪ǿҪЩսӵһͽżõеıˡֻҪڣټЩҽʲô
ðɣһΣֻôǿߣҸȥôȥ𣿹Ƶʱ򼴱ҵõ˱ҲˡҶǳ漴Ц
ʱɽǿ߶ǰӣҪǵȥ϶˻ɵġ
ٺ٣⻹򵥣ЩҽʱҲװȥᣬȻⱻһӣҲҽ棬𣿡ëһյ˵
ҶǳݺݵһۣҪװò˵ëȷܺãЩսҲ
ϾҶǳǵΪֻҪӣϾˣǺģû˻ỳɡ
뵽Ҷǳɵÿǰӣƻȴʱ
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Щսǣȴ޷УֻһųսֵЩҽʴʹǵս˲١
ЩҽûһֱһЩҽֹͣˣֻЩɽȴðźܶݣʲôҪƵġ
ҶֶЩҪ緢ˣСĵ㣬̰ġУչ۾ӣ֮ɫȴûҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷΧ˿ȥЩǿҲǰӣһڴǵоԳ˻ȵĹâ
Ҫˡ
˶׼еЩսǣҲһȫעضӡ

һ֮ϮգһɢŵεıҲ˳һ̣˵ĿⶼԼм˶̲סˡ
ҵģ

ȥɣ

սɱ¾ϯɽ
Щսƺ֪һﲻжôԲûгᣬֻһЦعۿš
Щսȴ̫ܲ࣬Ǽսǲ֣ǵȻŹĺûᣬʲô˵
ЩսǷ׷ɱһҪǼ
ҽ֮У漴иı˳ƺһǳıʮλսע⣬Ƿ׷׳֣ѣ˵ϵЩսǡ
̶Ƭ֮䣬ȻѾʮսһλսԶݡ
ǳ񱩡
ʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳľΪûвᱦ˶ѡϾǵĿڱϣҶǳϡ
СӣϽ֣ʡҹζࡣëͻȻȵ
Ҷǳһ漴ҧҧžԼһȥ
һӿҶǳʱŭȵҶǳΪʱг˳Ͳм
СӣΪҲᱦֱԱһǿߣһ׷ԲԵߣһΪѾ˾սļޣƺֻҪ벽ܿսˣҶǳĿУ˼Ц
䣡ֻһƺΧĿһ
ɣǸЦҲһҶǳ
УչɿһĻȴû⣬ΪҶǳշСֳʵǿľս۷ǿߣսȻǿ󣬵вҶǳĥһҶǳҲá
ֻǣչû뵽ǣҶǳǰ׷һֱӸҽ֮С
⡭
չɶʱˣ֮ǰû뵽ᷢ飬ҲûһӷӦ
ӦæųȥҪҶǳ󣬵Ϊ̫ԶԮҶǳѾޱߵҽûˡ


196 
Ҷֶ
չɾһɫ͵ش䡣
Ӧ֮ϾͳҽȥȻһλǿսסˣЦչɣûʲôҪȥҽᱦ
սǶԼһɲҽᱦսǵԼǸ߼սҲΥ
ֻȥһ󱲣ԲᶯһչǳҶǳǱʵڲϣҶǳ
ĺ󱲣㵱ǰ׳𣿡λսȻչɵĻ
ңʱѾкüսΧˣƵضչɡ
չʵĻͶչˡ
չɼ״ҽһֻ̾ܲĵ˻ϾһսڳôսĶ֡
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չ벻ͨǣҶǳôᱻһƾ͸ҽȥˣ
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ҶǳշСʱչֳʵе𾪡
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ӵлֵˣҽĵֿȴǳǿ󣬶һԽǿˣҽֱǵ򣬲ΣգһܳΪ
ҸоҶֶĻǿټʵҽκβѵҪûҽȥᱦ
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ԣҪּҹܣҶǳôսսǿ߲еʵ
һ룬չɶʱҲΪһֻܿҶǳ컯ˡ
ʱһһȥˣӵҽ֮вʱսҲ
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ˣûҶǳСһڶһ˾͸Ӳܹעˡ
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ԣǵսûм٣ڻǿ
Ϊӵǣҽ֮ٶȻҪ졣
ҶǳëȴΪǵǱǸоϵѹԽԽǿ
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СӣԼգүҲ˵ʲôһ㱾үԸ㣬ֻҪСӶһ֣㶼кôë
ʱЩɣΪϾӵƣԿЩѹǳɡ
Ϊޱǿ࣬Ľѡ
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ؿõҶǳʱ϶ڲϵðһưɫ̫ͺ𣬷ֱϯ
У̫ǳɫģˮɫģһһػҶǳԣʹÿһս
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ʱսҲԶˡ


197 
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һԵë˫ĿţȻҲҶǳ˿ı仯ȴûκεĽ֮ɫΪȫҶǳԼƴĽ
СӣӿٶȰɣʡҹζࡣë漴˵
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ȻǹѹѾͻսķһνϡ
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ֻǣǶʼӽǵļˡ
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Сӣ㿴ˣëЦһֱӷɽ󷨻棬һûС
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ԭˣλǰడҶǳѾˣȻ


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Ҷǳ۾һӵԽȻȽ棬Ｋطĵ
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ˣڻɺ𡣡ëڴ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴̫𣬴߶𣬳ʯȥͬʱгڴ
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ƺҶǳǰѾյͨʯţļ֮ʱʱһѷ졣
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ȻţʯϵѷԽԽ࣬󳹵ױ鿪¶һƻֺĴ


199 ʯ
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Ȼڻֵһʱȴܵİʵһһֻ첲
ŭĻʣڻָʵ֮ȥȴĶ֡
ʱ򣬻ʲŷ֣ԼֵܣһֱǰʵʵѾ֮£ûжһֻ첲˫ʤϣȱһֻ첲ͲĶˡ
֮λҲˡ
Ȼзŭޱȣûֵ֤֤ܣָֻ׼ҵĸ߲䲻
ĻĻʣѡ뿪׼ңȻҲս½Ļʡ
Ҷǳɵһ̾û뵽սڲôֵܣ¶֡
ߣСӶʲôʲڲԴ޵ġսңһΪӣôԴӣһӵʵͻԽԽǿΪǿʵֵʲôëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲ֪µ۹Ǽӣĺ
¿Ҷǳֻʲʧܣ˵޷еŭ
ϾǱԼֵܱѣ˭Ҳ޷ܵġ
ԣһֱڿʵϣһԻ
ϧڳΪ֮󣬵õ׼Դ֧֣ʵĺܿ죬ʵĲҲԽԽ
ǳΪս𣬼׼Ҽ֮λ
Ϊ׼ҵļ֮ϾͶļȨ˰ɱʡ
ȻʵǿǺ׼ȻǲúԶջǱɱˡ
Ҳǻʧٵԭ
ϵԼˣ֪һμ֮λ϶ֵġԣ׼һںɽף
ôĿģҪһǿ츳ĴˣܹΪԼѩޡ
ȻҲ֪ԼԸʵ֣ҲûǿԼĴΪ
Ͼһ˵ʵôܶԿ׼ôǿսء
౦ǻôĻۣϣԼĴܹЩԼ
Ҳһ죬ܹҲ˵
ΪˣʲŻôѵĿ飬ѹ׵ҽײͨսӵл֣Ҳѵִǿ츳С
ɫ֣Ѿˣë˲ǷҲʧˡ
Ҷǳ̾һ콾ȴҲ䵽˵ز
԰СҪŬʵֻӵǿʵ޾һСë˵ҲǸдϾҲǱ˰¶ʧܣսˡ
ǰĳ̫ǿˣҶĳֻ֤ҪҶĳӵл׼ҵʵһ㱨ѩ޵ġҶǳ漴˵
Ҷǳжг𱨳Ը񣬼Ȼõ˻µıôлĻһʱġ
СӣҪ𣬶Կ׼ǿսңΪս𶼲ҪսеĶǿ߲УҪΪսСë
Ϊ
ҶǳһЦ漴ָԱߵӣֻӣЦ˵ȿʸʲô˵
ӣһŵҩһһŹսһﵹǿǵķǳȫˣЩȷԿһˡһ档
ëɨһӣ漴ֻˮɫĴǰЩڴؽ򿪡
ŶʲôҶǳɵô˹һ֮ɫ

ë˻ӼצӣǰˮɫӴ򿪣ʱһɰɫĹâ쳣Ĵۡ
Ҷǳ۾һɣֻ棬һȭͷСİɫʯ飬ˮһӨ͸һŨ̺С
ʲôȻôŨеҪŨ񣡡Ҷǳ𾪵
ë˷ܵ˵ʯ۶ɵĹ壬ӦΪսǾͲõҩʵˣһЩʵĵر֮⣬սΨһʵģֻʯˡ
ë˿̷ǳ˵ЩʯͿԴǳΪսʱˣⶫ˵ıңһǿ񣬳˿ǵǿ߶٣ҪʯĴ
֪ΪʲôսҵӵܶǿʣͳΪսʣΪǴСʯⶫûиãЧһЩҩãǵʵŻô졣
ԭˣҶǳȻ漴ǰʯг˼֮ɫ
СӣЩʯƽ֡ëѾʼȡʯˣǳƽ˻ӼצӣЩʯƮһҶǳǱߣһ뱻
Ҷǳæȡһʯϸһ£һʮ飬ֻһٿʯ
ëƺЩ⣬üͷ˵ôֻôʯңƷʯ
ʯҲֵȼ𣿡Ҷǳɵúʵ
ȻֵȼͼıƷʯϾƷʯƷʯԼߵļƷʯ
ëƵ˵û뵽һսʼǿߣһսңȻֻһٿƷʯҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҳһɣ㿴Ǳߣһʯţ֮ǰǴݻٵʯһҶǳָŲԶһǽڣǽϣҲһʯš
λʻһЩ飬ʲôʵõʲôıëɵЦ


200 
ңҲѱﶼ϶һ㿼ġҶǳЦ˵
ë˵ͷ漴ָԱߵӣ˵߰ɣЩʲôЩͲÿˣһЩƷ;ƷȻص֮ǺͰӦÿԻȡһЩʯ
Ϊʦһ۾Ϳ͸һڷŵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ߵǸõҩļӣڼҪΪڵҩȻ⡣
ӷΪ㣬һõĵҩǸսָսĵҩȻҲ󣬵Ҷǳòˡ
ڵڶ㣬һЩ˵ĵҩͬ󣬶ҶҶǳҲôֻϧȻʵ
ҶǳֻðĿ⿴㣬һֻһҩƿӣƿֻһŵҩ
ҶǳʱЩʧ漴ƿԱߵľƣ׼ʲôҩ
ħףֵ֡Ҷǳȵ
ʲôСӣ˵ʲôһԵëڲ鿴ЩսͻȻҶǳʱһæ˹
ôħ֪Ҷǳ
ë۾һ漴ϲСӣǺöħþħƵĵҩЧ;ħͬӦ֪ħɣ
ħⲻǵػһַǳǿĻ𣿲١ңֻйħãȻΣգһֵסħľġҶǳ˵ţʱ۾һ
Ѿ֪ħǸʲôˣⵤҩ;ħЧһҲľ
ҶǳǳľһˣôΪҲ֮һЩһλ⡣
ëҲ˵ⵤҩͻƿõģСս۷壬ⵤҩսھԲ⣬пܽս۷塣
̫ˣټЩʯҲǰһˡֻһžħˣô죿Ҷǳ˷֮üͷ
ëЦðɣүûнս𾳽֮ǰûʲôƿЩʯò˶ãүΪͻᳬԽˡ
ҶǳԣʱĽ
ëս֮ǰû˿ƿֻҪ㹻ʯܺܿΪ
ҶǳÿͻһλƿȻ޷ëȽϡ
ãҾͲˡҶǳ΢΢һЦžħ漴ʵЩ鼮˵ս
үûпأȼߵҲһ켶սѣԱ˵ǱС˵ʲôǿӵʯëƲ
Ϊս𼶱ǿߣȻʧȥһΪս͹ȴȻǵںλµս
ҶǳԣҲЩʧϾѾӵ񼶹ժֺսԼؼ۷ս׷罣
˵Ҷǳȱս
ë˵ȱսǱȱսЩսȼ㹻ߣһ켶սһõȥ֮ǵЩսǾԻģȷ׬ȡʯ
£Ҷǳ˹ȥһ߲鿴Щսһ߽
һ켶սеȡ켶սжڷǳһ֣˵һλǿսλսʱʧȥһȣûĻ䣬ƾԼʣһȣšеȡѩޡ
һսϧҲȳӣҲóȷʺҡҶǳҡҡͷ
ŲеȻ˫Ƚȫ֮ҲֻȵĻֻһֻȣ϶޷о෴ֻȱһֻȵȳӣר־һֻȡ
ңֲеһȵȷҲڵҶǳ߽ģȻҲʺϡ
£Ҷǳ鿴ʣµĹս
켶ս֮⣬Ĺս඼ǵؼģ͵ģǷǳġ
ףǡ
ȻҶǳһս۾ɵϴϲ֮ɫ
һԵëƲСӣʲô飿һЩؽս𣿱үеǣбҪô𣿡

Ҷǳûëĳ˵ս֣Ȳز鿴սԽԽ˷֮ɫ
С˵ʲôëһʱͼȸղħҪϾͷ˹Ҷǳһۿս
һë֪ҶǳΪʲôôˣȴŭԭ𻹿ôã̫ˣӵ𶼵ɱɵƣ᲻ģãս˾һɵơ
λɵƣλǰ̫ˣȻİ취۳ɻսµҲܹУҲ
Ҷǳ˷ܵĴЦ
ȻֻһŵؼսǶ˵ȴǱһЩ켶սҪΪսһַս۳ɳȫսһзС
Ҫǣ۵ĳ򣬷ٶȷǳĿ죬ֻҪ㹻սеٶȻҪ졣
ң۵ĳ򣬾ѻһ֮նɱһУǿ
˼ܷУܹսҶǳĿǰ˵ֱһľϲ
սڵʵԽսսͲˡҶǳ˷ܵ˵
ֱȵõЩʯ;ħҪ
ëȴߵսҲͶеôս磬ȻͿԷˣαغķôС
ǺǣǿδŶַеٶȷǳ죬ܻǿԵģӵԺܻӵиȫġҶǳЦ˵
ӵҲֻӵһȻ̫󣬲ԶսҲ͵սΪһߡ
ҶǳӵԺиġ
ߣëһƲƲ죬Ҳ֪Ҷǳ˵ʵ
ô˵սҶǳ˵ǷǳģҶǳܴսҶǳӵжԿսıǮ
ˣСӣŸˣȥܴܲʯţĶ϶ĸáë漴ָŲԶʯţߴٵ
Ȼֹһͨʯţܽһı࣬á
Ҳԣһλǿսʼǿߣôֻ㱦أ
£ҶǳëһڴʯǰΪǰľ飬ҶǳûмӲӲˣ̫ͺտ
ֻһΣȴʧˣûдʯš
Ϊʯһ󷨸֣ס̫ͺ
ëϸһ󷨣漴Ƶ󷨿ֻдﵽ߼սʵǿƳǱүͨ󷨣ҲҪսʵƽ⣬ֻܵԺһˡ
Ҷǳһʱйˣϸһ˿֮ɫ
ҶǳҲûʧãܿͻָˡ
ϾһΣѾջܴˡ
ҶǳõսͲһˡ


201 ʵ
Ȼû취Ҷǳëֻԭ·ˣǲû뿪ϾڲŹȥһʱ䣬滹սǿغţʱҪǳȥǾ·һ
ңεõô౦Ҷǳëʵء
ⲻë޷ʯţЦ˵ڴһʮٳȥЩ˾߹ˡ
÷ǿžħˡҶǳ˵ͷ漴óǿžħ㿪ʼˡ
ëҲһȥˣܼ򵥣ֱ÷˲Щʯеɡ
ûƿֻҪʯеܿٵΪ
ڣʱ˼ž
ûã۾ڴҶǳ㿪ʼüͷ壬ͷ˺飬ݺȻҧĽģƺھʲôʹࡣ
ħãеħҽ޷Ŵ󣬴Ӷ÷߾ĥԱĥߵߵľ
ľһʽ
ⷽ棬ɮһΪķܰռ̬࣬з𷨣һľܸߡ
ľȻΪʵȴսٶȶģͻƵǰƿ
ľǺģΪҪöࡣ
ë˵ľ㾳磬ֱֹˮʯɽ
ëǰս۷ΪľҲֻǴﵽ˵һ㾳硪ֹˮ
ľĵڶ㾳磬ս½˿̤㡣
޹ΪΪе˼Ϊսľûнڶ㾳硣
෴еСȴ˵㾳硣
Щˣľﵽڶ㡣
Щʫ飬ӵܵĴ壬϶ܴﵽľĵڶ㾳硣
ľĵ㡮ɽ磬ܹﵽˣ͸ϡˡ
ëΨһģҲֻһλǱǿɮһ
ɴ˿ɼľжô
һľôõĺôҲǷǳ޴ġ
ľĵһ㡮ֹˮ˵һﵽ磬ôͬˮһƽô飬ţʼջᴦھ侲״̬
ľǲ򹦷սսкܴİ
Եġˮˡ
Ҷǳ˿̾ľĵһ㣬кܴһξ롣
Ҷǳ˺ܶ飬־ѾǳǿˣҪɱﵽֹˮľ磬ȴǶʱڿԴﵽġ
Ȼˣ˾ħĥ֮ҶǳľҲ˺ֹܶ࣬ˮľҲˡ
ⲻҶǳľΪƿҲȻȻͻˣսھ硣
£ҶǳóʯʼеԼΪȹսھ硣
ΪʱҶǳоԼʵǿˡ
ûаһˣ
˼ʯ֮Ҷǳ۾һǿϢϯôĵ涼
̶ʱڣսٴˡ
ˣֻҪѧսҾаնԿսˡҶǳ뵽
漴һԱߵëһﻹڼûˡ
ҶǳԹۿսʼмصķԭΪսǿ֮ŷսʵס
ʵսѵ㡣
һûͱսͨĻָû
жôϡ٣
һ㣬סˡ
ڶǶԻƿȣϾ۵ĳԻյĲô˵ˣ۲
Ҷǳ˵ȴǲֵһᡣ
ȣҶǳӵ𣬶һӵĽˡ
ΣҶǳĿػ𾳽綼ȸ߼ʦˣڻƿأǴﵽսҪ
ˣսҶǳ˵ֱˮɣһѶȶûС
ⲻûãҶǳı۳ֻɫĳ򣬷ǳľ޴ÿһֻһôɢȵĹâǳ𺳡
Ҷǳ̫۳ĳĶ˱ȻݺݵײͷϿյĹǽϡ
ҶǳӲԴͱײˣˣҶǳҲһͷǣײĺۡ
û뵽ٶȻô죡
ҶǳƣǾϲ
βʹľ飬ķУС˺ܶࡣ
Լڹĥ죬ײʮΣˤʮͷҶǳѾóˡ
ңú˫ᣬֳˮɫģͬһôһӶޱߵĺϯܣܽ˸ᡣ
ˣֻ۶ɵģԹǳǿͬ񵶣˺գնɱһС
սҶǳϲѡ
СӣˣɵıүԴˡҶǳԷеʱ洫ë
ৣ
Ҷǳԣֻһ˲ëǰֻ޴ĳҲ漴Ǿһֲˡ
ë̾Сӣû뵽ôѧս˶ԿսıǮˡ
ҲѾսˣΪԽˡҶǳһëΪʱ֮ɫ
ΪʱëֱӴսսΪѾԽˡ
ٺ٣Ҳү˭ЩʯүԽ㻹Ƿַӵ飬ϧЩʯѾĹˡʯðëǵһ漴뵽ʯʱ̾˿
ˣȱйˣȥЩ͹ս϶ܹʯӦ㹻սǾսˡҶǳЦ˵
԰ЩˣЩƷÿٿһʮʯЩؼĹսҲʮʯ˵ս磬սӦ㹻ˡëʱ۾һ
ʱ䣬ȥˣЩһӦöˣҲӦóȥˣһҪɰʤءҶǳ漴˵
Ǿ߰ɣȥʱ򣬱үۿȷЩһ뿪С£ëһ
Ҷǳȥ
һһ뿪˹㴩󷨻֣Ȼҽȥ
Ȼҽշ򣬲ëۣؿɽڣҶǳֻҪˡ
СӣЩһȻѾ뿪ˣǰȫˡëҶǳ
ǾͺãҶǳʱ¶Цݡ
漴һһһŬڳҽ˺ɽ档
һǾ͸ܵһѪϢ
Ҷǳһ漴ȥʱˡ
Ϊǰĵϣʬ壬ѪȾ˴أֱѪɺӣѹôŨѪϢ
ΪΪʳҶǳһ֪̾Щ˶Ϊᱦʱɱģϸңûչɵʬ壬ʱ˿չɲû
£Ҷǳë֮ǡ


202 
ৣ
УһɫĹâХһҵˣѸٵؽ֮ǵĳŲԶõ涼һһƬ
Щɢȥ¶һӰҶǳ
վϵë
ʱëŲԶ֮ǳţɵЦٶȻǿ찡ԭҪ·̣ȻһСʱ͵ˡ
ͦģ
ҶǳҲЦݣ漴һڵ̫𣬱Цٶͦģǲ·Ϊô̵ʱڣҵ̫Ѿ֮һˡ
һСʱķУ֮һ̫ȷʺʱ·
Ͼһ̫ĴôָҲġ
ٺ٣ʲô𣿷Сӻк̫𣬻úԷСʱˣܻս㹻ˡëЦ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷôʱ䣬սǿһսˡ
˵֮䣬Ѿţһν֮ǡ
Źȥһݣ֮ǲûзʲô仯ӣǳֺͷϵȺﲻ
ҶǳǾֱȥһУЩ͹սĴ켶սеʱûнΪս̫ˣһг֣϶˵Ŀ飬ڻ鷳
˵ҲУȥѧԺʱȥҲ١
Ҷǳ뿪УЩڽڲǮˡ
ңҶǳĶȽ϶࣬ЩƷ͵ؼս빦ǷǳƷصظҶǳһŹ
ŹҶǳԺУǾͲҪչʾʮڽˣеĳҲ֮٣֮ôкܶࡣ
뿪кҶǳȥ˾˵غܽĽǶ׼μӾʮʤͬ׽Ƕ
ΪҶǳһûˣԽǶˣѾΪҶǳˡ
ЩǣҲôΪ׷ʧޱȡ
һ죬Ҷǳٴ̤ǶʱЩʶĹǣɵ÷׷׾漴һ˷ܵк
Ҷǳ״ʱˣϽ뿪
ؼʱ̣һϤ
ҶǳתͷһǽǶĹԱ衣
迴Ҷǳ֣΢΢ЩԾӵȺæҶǳѸ뿪ˡ
ֱװЩĹ֮ŷſҶǳһ˫˵һĨ֮ɫǰҶǳЦСܵܣʱȥˣһΪ㲻ء
ǺǣѾʮʤˣô;ϣҾμӾʮʤģҰɣ˳ѺעӮҶǳ΢΢Ц
λأӹҶǳĶĽһߺʵ
ҶǳμӽǶʱƿӰظš
ӦڼҰɣҸոմص֮ǣûл︮ءҶǳ˵
۾һУϸҶǳЩɵʵСܵܣ㲻Ҫңʱȥһ˺ɽ
ʱ䣬Ҷǳʧʱ䣬þǺɽ緢ʱ
ⲻò뵽顣
ֻǣ뵽ɽô£θս˺üλ͸еЩ˼飬ҶǳĵӾȻô
ǺǣҿûǸӣֻڸ˹䡣ҶǳЦȻʶһʱˣǿɲѣȻɵøԼܡ
ȻҶǳĻһ˫һ˿֮ɫҲûжʣ΢΢ͷ˵Ҳԣ츳ûҪȥƴˣм»֪ɣǰİչɣˡ
ţô£𣿡Ҷǳһ漴æʵ
˵չɵʵֻҪ̫̰ģӦòܻ˲Ŷԡ
ҶǳչɼΣ֪˲̫̰֮ˡ
أΪǰĲҵܵ˵жĴǰ֮ļҪľݵ㣬ǱЩжˡǶһУչɶûг棬һֱ︮ˣȻƺء˵
Ҷǳԣüͷ΢΢
ô˵չɵƵȷأȻܻԼǰĲҵܵ˵Ĵ֡
£Ҷǳ˵鷳㾡ҰսҵҪȥ︮
û⣡΢΢һЦ漴ƺ뵽ʲôѵ㿴㻹˳ۣ˳͸¶һϢڰʤĵǺϸģԽֽǶĶֻǿҪ׼
ôһ˵һЩȲˣϣҵܹһսĶ֡Ҷǳüͷһŵ˵
һ㶣ǿҶǳ˳ۣһҶǳġ
ڿҶǳû˿⣬Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɡ
£ҡͷЦСܵܣɲҪˣܶɰʮʤǿߣ˾ʮʤ
ǾԲңҶǳȻޱš
״ٶԣҶǳȥˡ
ʱһƲӴҴҸҵ衣
裬˵ǸСˣǲģӿʵ
˵ͷӵһ˿漴˵棬͸Ƕ
ߣһʤǵĽǶʧ̫ˣ°λղߵ
ա֣ʱɫһ䣬ӣʮʤֻһλճôһӶλ
ᰵĸ֣ǶǾս۷ǿߣһһߣǵǾҩҺĥһЩսҪǿ
ΪĥԵʣʹǵֻһӱս硣
֮ŪôһȺǿĹھʮʤͰʤʱ򣬻Щսߣֹɰʤ
Ͼһһλʤĵܶ˶ӮټϰʤķʹýǶʧܴ
ԣǶǲаʤġ
ߣСӲ򵥣һֱڣμ˰ʮսȴûб¶һƣλǱһĺáĻɭЦ
г˱ӣ˭أߵ֪ˡ
˵գת뿪ȥŽǶ
һλãϢҶǳɵ΢΢𣬸һĨЦ
СӣʤɲôɵģУǸϽɡ
֪ҶǳݣڻǰķϣҶǳᡮ顯Ҷǳɾʮʤڰʤ
չˣǰ¶ҪˣҶǳҲһûκαСȻٹ˼Ҷǳ


203 ʮʤ
ʱҶǳ֪һڰ֪ʮֵУصӵгΪʤǱš
ȻҶǳ֪ЩҲ⣬ΪԼʵкܴġ
˭ϳúˣҶǳǣ˵
ĿȴҶǳϣ˵Ŀ⣬ҲҶǳϡ
ϾҶǳǳžʮʤĿģǶҶǳϳ
ҶǳҲûʧĻ󣬱㻺վЦȻ
˵գ߳Ϣ̨
ʱһƬϯ
еĹǣΪҶǳ
ڻӭ߹
ϾʱҶǳʤʮǵеĲ׬ǮǶǳ֧ҶǳӮȥ
壡
壡
ǧڻţš塯֡
ȴ֪ҶǳͲ壬ֻҶǳļֶѡ
ȻⲻʲôΪЩڵУһλͬеս񣬴ǼӮ½Ƕ
ʵϣҶǳҲûʧڽ߳ս֮УҶǳɻʤ
ĹǣķƺѾףʮʤĵˡ
̨Աߵ裬ȴһǵؿ̨ϵҶǳΪϳˣᰵһλˡ
λһ꺺ӣ࣬ƳȣͬһɽվһӲıݣǿƣ˸еѹ֡
Ҷǳˣɵ΢΢һûеģЩ˷Ц˵еĶˡ
ҶǳĻ˫Ũüëһīͬһ㣬Ҷǳҳֲ飬ÿ䣬ǮĻᶼûˡ

ֱ̫ˡ
Ȼôǵս˵

Ҷǳû˵ĹǱ׷״һ̫ˡ
ֻ֪λ˵ʵ
ϢӣҲڹۿţһЦ֮ɫ
ҶǳǰĽգŶԷĻЦҿǺܿŵģҪ׬ȡǮҲûлġ
䣡
ûмϻ˫һŵ棬˱ͬһͷһ˳ȥڵҶǳһȭݺݵ
Ҷǳ״΢΢һ˲˷Ҳһȭӭȥ
Сġ迴ҶǳȻҺͽӲӲɵþ
ϢӼ״ѿ¶һĨɭȻЦ·𿴵Ҷǳȭͷ³ˡ
ȻϵЦݾסˡ
ΪλҶǳһȭ֮󣬾Ȼһǿ˳ȥ䵽̨档
ҶǳȴǺվ̨룬벽ûкˡ
˫ʵһɡ
ôܣɴ۾һӣСҲŵĺܴ˼顣
ԲܣϢӣҲĿɿڴš
ȻʵǰݲŲš
ӵоǿޱȵĽգȻײ֮УҶǳǿƻˡ
ҪյЩ֪ˣ»
ãǿ󡣡Ҷǳһȭ˽֮˷ܵĴһ漴ٶȳգ˫ƻӶ硣
οҶǳĿ࣬һ˿˼飬æԼ߶۷壬Ҷǳ
ȻǿȣȲҶǳǱҶǳѹŴ
λֻǼ˰Сʱ㱻ҶǳӲ̨
̨Աߵ裬ѾĿɿڴҶǳУ𾪣·ǵһβʶҶǳƵġ
ǳλյʵ㱻ѹΪǹƾԶԿһЩս
ҶǳͬҲѹΪȻܻܽգôҶǳʵжôǿ
Ҷǳս磬սʵ츳жô
ϵҲ˰ɣ
һʵԭôǿѹôšҶǳôˡ
ӵʵɰʤȷ׾١
ȻλճҲҶǳһһܡ
Ҷǳ˳ػ˾ʮʤȫķڣڶڻš
ֻϢǸһؿ̨ϵҶǳ漴ת뿪ˡ
ҵλСܵעҪɰʤˡ״ɵЦ
λճ֣ûֹҶǳʤҿҶǳӣƺӮ÷ǳɣ
˵ҶǳʵԶԶǿڽա
ѾǽǶĵˣǶֹҶǳʤôʤעҶǳˡ

ŷĽӮĽңҶǳЦݵ뿪˽Ƕ︮ȥ
֮︮Ҷǳ㷢︮ЩأſڵʵҲ֮ǰǿˡ
ﲮĺˡҶǳ
漴︮ȥЩ״ɵÿҶǳһ˫˫Ŀ
ףү
Ȼү
үˡ

ΪҶǳ︮ס˲죬Щʶޱȡ
Ҫ֪չɻ󣬾ʹϢ
չǲܻƭǵģԣǿҶǳվǰ󣬲ɵޱȡ
ұ𣿡Ҷǳһ︮ѯʵ
һæ˵˵ĺأү˿ڰչ˰үҪ֪үţ϶˵ġ
ʱ︮ϹܼˣҶǳȥչɵӡ
ڸչιҩҶǳսŵһɴ̱ǵҩζ
Ҷǳڴϵչɣڸչιҩƣ˴֮С
ҶҶֶ
Ҷ֣
չɺƴؿſ߽ҶǳòŻعЩŵ˵
Ҷǳȴüͷһ壬Ϊóչɵȷ˵ĺءҪǣչɻʧȥһȺһֻ첲ֱޱȡ
ʱչɣɫ԰ޱȣϢǳȫһλս
ﲮô˵ôأҶǳʱʵ
չһ̾Цηһ˲õıǵҽսֵҩҪСƵģȴһλǿսˡֱ֮Ǹϼһ͵Ϯˣȥһһȡ
˵չһҧгݣߺޡ
ҡһŹҵģһԵսȭͷɱ⡣
Ҷǳ΢΢üҲȥѰô;ˣѵѾǿʯǼٵ
ˣҶֶôӳģҷ㱻ҽ˰ʱչЩʵ
Ҷǳ˵ҵĻֺǿ󣬿Եҽ죬֮Ҿͳˡ
ԭˣû뵽ҶֶںôǿĻ֣Ľչ̾
֪Ҷǳҽ˼죬϶ջܴ󣬲ûжʡ
ҶǳչɵΪ˺ͣչ֮󣬱ӿռָóһƿҩݸƣ˵£һһţӦÿԾָơ
ǻĵҩԵļƷ˵ҩϾҲϣԼĴΪ˶ɱ


204 ս
⡭̫ˡ
չɿҶǳøƵĵҩɵͫһ漴æ˵
ȻʦΪһսʶǳǿ󣬿ظоƿҩɢŨļʶǳֵҩжô
ﲮ͸ҵСȣ㵤ҩʲôҶĳڴ˴ãﲮչˣҶĳмҶǳЦŰ˰֡
ԣмؿҶǳлҶ֡
ûж˵ΪѾҶǳˡ
£ƴƿóһŵҩչɷ¡
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Լʱչɵɫ֮࣬ǰô԰ˣһϢҲȶһЩǰôˡ
̶Ƭ֮䣬ֹЧ
չɺƸӶˣһŵҩã֮ǰȥĵҩҪ
չɲ̾ǼƷ˵ҩרΪս׼ģд˵ҩһҵƾָܻˡ
ĻҪһָܻ˵ҩȻʱһ꣬Ҳѹˡ
ҶǳҲû뵽ⵤҩЧôãԼԺõˡ
ϵָƣȥˡЩ˵ǣȻˣǻǰĲҵߣЩˣһҲܷŹһԵŭ˵
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ǷǳչɵֻսʵչˣֻڣһЩǰĵˡ
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ҶǳֲõԤС
ȻչҶǳĻԵøǷˣ̾ƴңΪסǿУǸ֣ҾѾزˡ
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Ҫֻǻţһʶؼҵ·ͻˡ
ڻû˵ֻѾˡ
һκɽ֮Уʧ̫ˡ
չҡҡͷЩԳЦһ̫̰ˣΪƾҵʵһЩ
ϵģһΪսģһǿһԵҧҧᶨ˵
չɼ״¶һĨοЦݣһĴĶƺɳࡣ
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һԵҶǳչһǷϵӣٿ˿չǽʣһȣɵһƺ뵽ʲôæӿռָȡһ顣
ͬʱҶǳչʵﲮûмǴĻӦʹİɣ
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ֻǣҶǳսݹʱչȴһ
ﲮںɽõһսӦöáҶǳ΢Ц˵
ͻȻչõģֻʣһȣʺŲеȣҲ벻Ч
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չЩȵؽӹս֪ս켶սǴսǣóƺЩʺԼЩ֮ɫ
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ʺϾͺãﲮȥɽҲõսڤڤ֮еĻԵɡҶǳЦ˵
̫ˣǿ켶սչɫЩӣôս϶͸˵ģս˵ĺҪ
һԵսô𣿡
Ҷǳû˵չɾͿ˵սҾƾһȣܻǸˣʵ֮ǰǿָоֻҪѧսôҲԽս硣
ʲô
Ŀɿڴϲ
ҶǳЦ˵ﲮͰ˰ɣƺˣѧϰսʺʵغܿѧġ
ҶֶѾ˵ҩսôĳʵ֮չɿЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦɣﲮѧսһæǳƽˣΣ
ҶֶʲôԸ˵ûսĳҲһȫԸչæ˵
Ѿ˲УԽҪҶǳֻˣȵҶǳǿˣǻǰŻһɽ
ʯ壬Ȳ㱨֮ϣΪʯ塣Ҷǳ˵գóһ⻭ǿʯ塣
һԵƼ״ɵþɵҶ֣ⲻ𰲸ǿʯ𣿼Ȼ㶼ˣҪң˼ƺһһʯ塣
ʯʲô𣿡չɿԼҲʶʯ壬ɵþȵ
ҶǳЦʯһλĵʦƷǳҺϲ
ŶչԵ˵ͷȴҡҡͷƷ⣬ֻϲ̵ϼһϲռƷֻû뵽ҶǳһҲϲⶫ
ⶼС顣
£չЦ˵Ҷֶİɣѧսȥңʱһʯ
ǾͷﲮˡҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ٴչȥԼˡ
ƿ뿪Ҷǳٿ˿ǰĸףϵҶǲʲôǣʯ϶ʲô
ܴҲܱչɿǰĶӣ΢΢һЦЩ˵
һͷˮϵʲô˼
չ̾ҵȻ֪ʯ岻ҪΪʯȥҶֶ𣿡
ȻᣬֻǺѣҶֶ켶ս͸ˣѾǷܶˡæ˵
չЦ˵ⲻǽҶֶȻԸ֪ǾװŲֻ֪ҪΪʯ壬ҲܹǱ˴˵Ľˡ
ϵˣԺҶǰһѧװһЩƻȻԼ׶ԼĽ̵
չɶʱ¶οЦݡ


205 Ƕ
أ
һصӣҶǳһϤĽ漴һɫӰС
СҶǳԵ÷ǳ˷ܣ޴ԴͣزҶǳĴȡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦһССڵŨˣսܽˡ
ңǾСѾòһˣҲûлǵǹ׺֮Ƕһɸ߹֮
СѾͻƵıԵˣһµʱ䣬߼޾ˡëҶǳļϷСıϣЦ
ҶǳЩ˷ܣ߼ޱ൱ս磬С˸߼ޣӵһͷսˡ
붼ú硣
Сˣһ֮Ҷǳʼȡһʯ仺еԼΪ
ͬʱҶǳ壬Χ
ʯҶǳٶ࣬һ죬൱ʮЧˡ
ʱҶǳףΪëʯôˣ˳ʯôܳڱٶˡ
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Ҷǳ̾жʯһЩǿҵĿ
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ʱͿԳ״ڵƽ֮ţս͵ܶࡣ
ǸʱҲܴ漣սԽսǽս½𶯵ġ
뵽ҶǳԽŬ
һҹʱת˲š
ڶ죬ҶǳһˣչɺƾȻѾڴˡ
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Ҷǳɵþȵﲮָĺܿ
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⻹ҪлҶֶĵҩչм
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴չɺƸӵװ磬ɵɻﲮƸתôЪϢ׼Ҫȥ
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ǶǺþûаʤˣ˵ʢ£ĳܴչɹЦ
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漴Թ緹ƺƵǰǶ
Ҷǳչɡ޳УԱ߸ʮλŻǵĻǰﾫһ·϶˲Ŀ
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֣ǰĲҵܵܶĴѹҸڻǳ͵ôͻȻߵ
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ֻϧǻǰˣ鰵Ͷ

ҶǳչɵǺεʵЩ˵ȻСȴȻڶС
Ҷǳûʲô飬չƳȣǲЩ
һԵƣȴȻ˵Ⱥһ֪˵˵ϵǡ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц֣ﲮǺεЩоС񡣡
ҶֶˡչЦЦ漴ƣ˵ȥɣ˲еȣٰȺһ򾡡
𰲸СӾͽˡЦš
ʱ䣬ʯİѾ̤˰ս硣
ٶȣҶǳľ֪ʯͲôˡ

𸮡
Ԫ𰲸үһã˶ɫЦݣһ棬͸ŵĹâ
Ϊʱ䣬ǵĴѹ£ǰĲҵѾή̲ҵ
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үүչɶѾȥһһȣƶڴҲ̫ˡһԵ𰲸˵
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Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫչɱеȼĴȣôҾκβ˻ǰˡ
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𰲸Ҳүүǿʯ¾Сӽչɣչɶֽţ˳ܲ
ûϵȵǰвҵ̲ôչҲûʸ֮ǻˣȵһǣҾͳǡЦ
ڲɱˣǳ˳ǣǾˡ

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һ
Ƕļ߲㣬裬ۼ￪ᣬʤ顣
Ϊ׵һһӣ찲ŽնԸҶǳˡ
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ʱܣ˵飬Ҳˣʵǿ˶ӮȻûһ䣬һӮˣ˰ʤôǽǶʧ޷ơ

ȻҲаʤǺͶֵʵԹҲ²͸ҲжӮģǽǶ벻
̫ˣܽյֶʵֱɲ⣬ƾɳʮգҲ޷ֹɰʤ
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206 һ
ͭ佨
ˣڵ˽ɫһ䡣
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ߵִ£ôô佨Ҳô붯ġ
ߣа취ǾͿŰ죬һΣСӱذɡһ漴վ߳˴
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СܵܣҲû취ⶼ氲ŵģЩΣ漴̾˿
Ҷǳ˰֣˵Ҳ㣬ֻһˣô
һ˹ҧҧ漴ĿһɨΧһۣûˣſҶǳߣСܵܣһǳǰʮǿߣҪСĵ㡣
˵գת뿪ˡ
ܹҶǳ˵ô࣬ѾðźܴķˣϾˡ
ǰʮҶǳԣ۾΢΢һУǳһĨЦ
ȻỹǺڰΪֹԼʤȻҪǰʮǿߣֱûʲô
ֻҪͬһսҶǳ޾κˡ
ǰʮΣ
οҶǳʵ˵ͬһսûѹΪҲаսǰʮǿߡ

ս̨
𰲸ǰ治ԶչɸӺ󣬶ʱ۾һֱ˹ȥ
չƺӦתͷ˹ʱɫһڵųҵɱ⡣
ⲻû뵽㶼зˣֶһó˵ŷڴ̼չɡ
չȴһȻ俴˵ϼһһʱӮ㲻ʲô㲻Ҫ̫ˣվԽߣͻˤԽݡ
𣿡ֱչɵԱЦзĿ𣿡
ƥϵֻʣһֻ첲һȣҲ㡣һԵŭ
һûһۣΪмںС졣
𰲸һЦ˵ƣǻǰĲҵ챻̲ɾˣⱲע뷭ˡ
𰲸еӾ̨һսĽǶͬ׽Ƕѡ񡣡Ե𰲸һŭ⡣
𰲸ԶʱЩ⶯Աߵȴǿһ𰲸侲
𰲸ǰŭƣɵð뵽һΪ׵ˣǺһս϶ƴģʱӮˣҲʧأֵá
ãǰûҪʱðպһս
գ𰲸ߵƣҪƴ㵱ǰ׳Ǹ͵һɡ
ԣʱźӣ¶ɫ
Դŭ˵ȴչסˡ
չؿһ𰲸漴ڵӣ˸ĹâҵҪ˭Ц󡣡
ǾĿԴɣصչɵĿ֮Уɱ
ʱ
ΧһƬ
Ƕʼˡ
Ҷǳ̨


207 佨
̨ϣҶǳֶ۾·ĳһȻӡ
ֶǱս̨ϣչ͵ؿ̨ϵҶǳ
һԵҲãǴ˿̵ҶǳѾΧ˴ˣԲҶǳôƽ˾·ɰʤֻһƽһ
ӱ
һԣ̨ϵҶǳϵ˸˵ɱ⡣
ССͣľټǿ츳δ
ţǵ˵ĻһҪɱҡ֮Уùľҡ
һԿʼ
̨Աߣ迴һҶǳ漴ȵ
ʱҶǳĶ棬ѾһߴӰɢһǿƣ챻Ҷǳܵշǳơ
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뵽޳ܣԼᣬҶǳоһŭ
ǣȳֱӶȫսǰĽһƺȥ
һΣҶǳûʵȫ֡
𣡡ǽոܵ˾޴Σɵôһͷųڵս˵嶼ڷ⣬ӭҶǳȥ
ȻҶǳһƺֱӷյķ߿һǿյ˫۶ˣµػؿϣŶȥˡ
ܵƣձݺݵˤ̨ϣҲվˣֻʣ΢Ĵ
ս̨ϣеĹڶˡ
ҲˣһУͽһգǺεȵʵ
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佨㲻ʲôţϳʱѾʮˣʮ꣬Ҫˡ
ˣûһ˸С佨
Ϊ佨Ϊﵽ˾ս۷壬ǿҲԿս۷ǿߣ֮£ʹ佨ʵǳǿռݳڶʮ

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ÿ峿һȭ佨ϰߡ
ҾҪˣܽս磬Ǿ޷񡣡佨һߺŲ裬һüͷ˼š
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佨Ѿھս۷屻ʮˡ
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佨ôҲҵæȭִ£
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佨һִ£˵ɣҪĳʲô
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佨üʵСӶꣿ
ʮң˵
佨ͫһʮҾܳΪʤǵжôǱңѾ֪˭ˣΪʱ䣬Ҷǳɾʮʤ塯֣Ѿ֮ˡ
壬𣿡
佨ɫЩѿ˵ִ£СȻʵҵͶˣҳ֣ӮˣҲᱻ˳Цġ
۸һ󱲣һǵ˵棬佨Щԥ
ΪҶǳûһôӮˣֻᱻ˳ЦˣǸ˳Ц
佨úأȻҲúˡ
״һȴЦֻǽǶĽǶѣû˹涨ϱ֣֮ǰб͸˳ˣҲû˵ʲô
⡭佨Щɡ
ɣֻҪӦæĳԳ棬һλʦһöħΣҧҧ˵
ħ佨ɫһⵤҩȻϣõļҩ֮һͻƿս硣
Լʵȣʲô
佨ºԥشӦˡ


208 һ
䣡
Ƕһ߸ߴӰͬߵķƵģգ漴ݺݵˤڵϣҵĵ涼ȥҲԲѡ
һƬѻȸֻʣǴ
̨룬վһ޳꣬սӿ䣬ͬһս
Ҷǳ
˭Ҷǳ˫֣Ŀ⣬һ棬̨µϢɨӹȥ
̨֮£һ˸ֱĿ⡣
Ƭ̵֮󣬹ս̨ϵˣһվػ˫֣˷ܵشš
Ƕڽš塯֡
̨Աߵ裬űҶǳûԲѣʧȥ˫۵Ǹѡ֣жʱһ𺳡
ѾǱҶǳܵĵ߸ˣңȫһ⣬Ҷǳһƻܣһ˫ۡ
˵Щռ㱻κˣʧȥ˫ۣʵҲûٰǶˡ
Ҳ˵ЩնҶǳϵˡ
ǳһҪԴжôӴһӱϵ߸ʧѾһʤԾˡ
һҶǳ˰ʤǽǶεʧҲ޷ˡ
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ƾҲ뾯ǽǶЦһ漴ʵ˼ˣ
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ˣ䣬Ѿ佨ˡҧгݵ˵̨ϵҶǳгԹ
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һԵɫ䣬
Ů˸ұ죡ݺݵһۣ漴Ŀ佨˵ô
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Ƕʱѻȸ˶ĿͶ̨
֪һ֮󣬾ǾҶǳǷȡðʤĽˡ
ս̨ϣչɡǣҲֱӣ쳤ӣϢȥ֪Ҷǳһ˭
Ҳˡ
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Ȼ佨Ϣ̨ʱȺ֮бһЩ
ңһЩЩԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
Ƕˡ
ȻǶȻˣֱףҲ̫޳˰ɣչɿ̨佨ͫһʱŭ
ͭ佨ûпɣǶȻˣⲻ۸𣿡һԵҲϳ佨ͬŭ
ս̨ϣ˶ϳ佨
Ͼ񴫱̫ˣֻҪǸˣûвǿߺġ
ңַǳıˣǸ˶ս½һ
佨ǳڶʮκܾûз仯ˣڳҲ˺ܶ꣬Դ󲿷˶ʶ
Ҫǣ佨һͭɫƤ·ŵɫĹâʵ̫ñʶˡ
ٺ٣û뵽ǶȻͭ佨С䶨ˡԱߣҲ佨̨ʱ۾һЩֻ˵
һԵ𰲸ЦҾ֪Ƕôðʤû뵽γôݣҲãϾҿ䣬²õǮˡ
ȻǱܿҶǳȡðʤΪչг֪ǮҲȻ䡣
֮ǰҶǳʤ߳磬Ƕ׼Ǯˡ
ڿǿӽҪӮǮˡ
ԣǵȻˡ
ŲԶһչɣЦչɣүվߣעҵ°ܽ
ߣ˵̫磬佨ʵǿ󣬵ѹΪδػĶ֡չߵ
ɭЦǻˣҲôã佨һͭˡĳƺţǿȣǱսҪսѹסˣǽ׾ٵɱս
ߣչɫһٶԣΪҲܵġ
ͬ׽ǶԻǮֻҪʱҶǳ䣬ǾͲʲôΣˡ
չ˵ȡȡðʤûô̫ҪֻҪҶǳû¾ͺá
£չɽ̨
ʱΧѾˣǶ޳ܣ佨Ҳֽ֧ǶкϷˣ֮зǳҡ
е˲ǮȻ׷ŭǶ
еˣںӮǶҴ̼ģ֮ǰҶǳһоͻ֣ܶȻģȴûһ㿴ͷ
佨ˣǱԾ;ˣǷǳڴ
˿̣վ̨ϵҶǳҲܵǰĶֵǿ
Ҫʶ̽佨ǿ֮УɢϢѾ֪жôֲˡ
ңҶǳҲһӾϳ˶˵ݡ
佨ڶʮͭ˵ĳƺţս۷壬ص㡭ǿޱȣߣǶǻ˰Ȼҵ
ҶǳŶ佨жķŭˡ


209 ݱ¶
ǰ佨ҶǳзŭͬʱɫҲ֪࣬˺ǿǶԷȫԼ֮£ҪܶԷô޷ʵˡ
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ԸЩգʵսܻʤ
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ǶԽ޳ܣҶǳԽҪȡðʤΪҪһѵ
壬츳Ե¼ģϧ㲻˲μӽǶ佨Ҷǳ˵ҶǳʱҲڴҶǳ
⻹佨һοҶǳǰף佨ͲµҶǳƻʮ꣬Ϣʵ̫ˡ
ôһ꣬Ȼӵǿ츳ʵš
佨Ҳܾ塣
Ϊ˵õǿžħΪ˽ս硭
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ԣÿ춼кܶսϵǿߣ佨Ǿܵ漸λսһ⣬ˣʼձڵڶʮ⼸껹ǡ
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ڣһײȻͳһѷ졣
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˶ˡ
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ãҶǳͬ˷ܣ̫ǿˣ֮ǰľʮųԵУûһ˿ԱƳޣ佨ȴˡ
䣡䣡䣡
ͣع
ǵٶȼ죬Ҳǳֲһȭһƣײ֮䣬̨𶯡
ƾУ˭ҲκβԼ
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ǿ࣬Ƶ¾Ҫʹսˡչ˵գü֮ЩǣΪ֪ҶǳҪʵһֱûʹսսһܶ˶ʶҶǳˡ
ϾΪһԱһǴѧԺŵľ콾֪ȱ佨ѷɫ
үүûп۰ɣСӾȻ佨̶ȣһߣ𰲸ЩԾ˵
̨ϼսӰҲ˵ǸСԽˣǾԽҪɱԲš
𰲸ԣҲɱ
ս̨ϣ˿̨ƾеˣڼػš
䣡
һײ
佨Ҷǳͬʱˣ֮侢䣬սʹ̨ڲ
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ͬʱ˿佨ƱĨһƽâ䣬ɢһɺضǿϢ
䣡
佨̨̤ں·ܲס϶ȥ
Ҷǳ۾һУܵһǿϢϢ
һĳսԼøǿˣӦó˶õʱ䡣Ҷǳ뵽
ͬʱų϶佨ĽܣսӦþǻƽͭһʹս佨嶼·˻֮ͭǰǿǱ屶
սҲȱģǱٶȡ
ʹս֮佨ٶ
Ȼںܶ˵ⲻȱ㣬Ͼͷ࣬ٶʲô
˵佨սʱٶҲ˶١
ֻΪͬ׽Ƕҵսѹһսսؼˣ佨ܵٶѹƾ͸ǿˡ
֮Ҷǳ΢΢һЦָֻţŶ佨ӭȥ
ʱûʹսΪ뿴佨ڵжôǿ
ߣ佨ҶǳûʹսʱЦһһȭͷ˹
ǽɫȭͷ·ɻƽɣֲϢ
䣡һȭҶǳʱӦɣ㱻ˤֱ̨۶ڷ顣
ǿҪսˡҶǳľͬʱҲ֪Լûѡˣֻܱ¶ˡ
գҶǳ˫ƻӶһƬǹѤĹą̂ҫޱȡ
ǡ
ս̨ϣ˻ǵһοҶǳսɵվ̨ϵҶǳ
ǵҶǳժʩչʱ򣬲˶ͫһ𾪡
Ȼϳս


210 籩
˫һǹɢ䣬ͬŮɢһ㣬ǹսγһֻ޴ƣǰ佨̽ȥ
Ҷǳޱ貣յһԣâˡ
佨ʱܵһǿϢΧĿƺˣһֿµѹɢ
佨ϲһãʸҵĶ֣һûа
δ䣬˫ȭ߸߾ƻ⣬ͬɫĴ̫һݺݵغǰ
䣬սڣµƬصš
Ҷǳһժֶʱܵ˾޴Ӵƶһ漴ֹͣڰУ޷ǰ벽
佨Ҳסˣ˫ȭǰǾ޴ǳƣҲ޷ǰһ硣
˾ǫ̂ϽţһɹɻսΪϯǹɿµǳ˷ɨȥ̨ھҵĲ
찡Ȼ浲ס佨ĻƽͭǺεȵ
û۰ɣΪսǰ˵ͬ磬û˿浲ס佨Ļƽͭôܣ
ԣʲôսôûм
ǹѤǿսǳϼصժ֣ȼꡣǣսˣʮߵҶǳ
ҶǳǸѧԺţٵµ۹Ĺľ콾ǳǿߡ
ѵ
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ʱ̨ϴһը
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ڵɵİУ佨һɢҵĽ⣬ֻƽͭȣ͵ز̨֮Уͣסӡ
һߣҶǳҲڵɣǿֲĳϵƤ߸ݻˣ¶˰ԭԵøӵᡣ
㡭
佨¶ҶǳͫһԾ
ߣҶǳԼѾ޷ˣʣµİƤߣ¶ԭģ
Եøᣬ㣬һ˫貵ӣͬϵǳһԣâۡ
Ƥߣ
ԭˣ
Ҿ˵ǰ֮ô꣬Ҫţôصڡ
׳գϸɴ۾ǳʮߵҶǳ
ǴѧԺŵǸ콾𣿡
찡ԭôᣬ˵ʮɣǺεȵ츳

Ҷǳ¶ݣǶˡ
ϢҲɴ۾š
ȻЩŵؿ̨ϵҶǳֻĴ۾г𺳣ôҲû뵽ΪСܵܵ꣬ȻǳǸ콾
ҶǳȻҶǳ˿̨̿ϵҶǳɫǳӣ𾪣кڣвʣзŭ
֪ҶǳĻôԲֹҶǳȡʤ취ȫҶǳ
ΪҶǳţĸֻҪҶǳûĻԲҶǳġ
˵ҶǳųΪսʵǱҾȻһδսʡɬ
ͬʱս̨ϵЩ𾪵صչɣչɣȻʶʲôϵ
Աߵ𰲸˿Ҳ侲ˣ˿̨ϵҶǳЩľҶǳ콾ҲǷǳηġ
ʮͣͳ嵽˳ʮǺεȵ츳
ˣѾ˳ΪսʵǱ
Ǻǣ˵ҶֶȮ׷ߣ˵ʲôϵչĻʱЦ
ΧԣҲǳԾؿƣ漴һĽ֮ɫ
׷ȻֻˣԼ׷˳ΪսʣôԼҲˮǴߣһǿĿɽ
һչɵĻɫʱ
˵ɲһϢ
үүõģǿţҲҪɳС֪Ҷǳٵµ۹ĹĹ꣬µ۹Ĺ嶼ˣ֮Ǿкܶµ۹Ĺ壬һŹҶǳġһԵ𰲸˵
һҲӦˣղֻǱҶǳͻȻֵݸˡ
˿̣侲Ҳ˵С츳Ȼĳ˸࣬Ƕ֣ͱ뿪֮ǡ
ǽ̸ʱҶǳݱ¶ϢҲڽǶ鿪˸սˡ
ңϢ洫Ҫ˶ã֮ǾͶ֪ҶǳĴˡ
̨ϣָԭģҶǳ˦˦֣ĴһԼϵĻҳһ˫Ŀ⣬Ŷ佨ȥɣȻѾ¶ˣôһҲ֡
ԭҶǳȻ鴫˵ղŻûжȫ佨Щ𾪡
Ҫ֪ղѾȫˣҶǳĻƺûʹȫЩš
Դ˻ƽ֮ͭ佨ͬ磬޵С
ǣǰ꣬ȴֵĸо
ǺǣܹͬƵҶȫˣҲǵһˡҶǳ佨Ŀдһ˿塣
佨ԣȴǸеЩߺ죬ϾǾս۷壬ҶǳֻսѾʮˣҶǳʮ꣬˱ֱصĲࡣ
뵽ҶǳѧԺţ佨ҲȻˣҶǳı̬ԼǱˣѧԺŶȲҶǳ
գ佨һҶǳҳ츳ˣҪͬңǲõġ
˵ͬʱ佨ѾҶǳĻƽֲͭ˶ãҪսپ
ģҲս۸㣬ҾԿҶǳ״˵һ佨ĻϾҶǳǲսĻƾʲô
һ̣佨ˡ
ΪʱҶǳѾڵĻƽ֮ţǿĴȫ£ʹÿһط˱ըԵ
䣡
ҶǳһƺɫĴֱ۳һֻɫӡ佨Ȼײȥ
ƣ佨˫ȭݺݵ£Ҫһٷǰɫӡ
ǣ佨ȭͷɫӡʱɫʱ䣬ͫг˲š
䣡
һ촫
漴佨˶ɳȥиһѪɫЩס
սˣʱһ𺳡
һȻ˵佨Ǻεȵս


211 ʤ
ôܣ
佨Ѿʩչ˻ƽͭȻҶǳĶ֡
Ҷǳֻһƣûʩչս̫֮ˡ
ҾҶǳѾֹӵгʮߵʵˣ͵ôֲǰʮˡ
ģһս֮һڵĳҶǳο϶ǰһЩ
ҾǻǶһѣҶǳʲôʱܹǶҾпʮ֮ǰõ
ʮ֮ǰҾʮ֮ǰܳΪսˡ

ս̨ϣһƬڡ
˶۷׷ף̨ϵս˷ܺͼ
һεİʤҪʵö࣬ǾãǮҲˡ
ⲻܣ
̨ϣ佨˼صŶҶǳгŵɫ࣬ôܻôǿ㻹ûʩչս
Ҫ֪ʩչ˻ƽͭʹԼ౶
ҶǳȴûʩչսȻҲܱ౶ҪǿĶࡣ
ղһ佨ȻֻһЩˣǸղҶǳսôԼ˾ͱˡ
һսѾˡ
佨ģҧͺţڵӣ˳ҰԵĹâֻȭͷյýģһҵĻƽâͷų
˿̣佨嶼·ǻƽɣ˸ҫ۶Ŀ

佨֮ٶȳҶǳ
Ҷǳüͷһ壬ٶȱȸղŸˡ
ٶˣӣ佨ٶǿˡ
Ȼ佨ԼٶȣӶǿԼ
ٶȣҶǳǰϿ׶ˡ
佨ȻףҶǳǲĹ
Ҫһš
䣡
ٶȭƽµƥ˳ϯȥγһ쫷磬Ƕ
ǿ͵Χսǣȫͷȥ
Щ˵ñηˡ
̨ϣҶǳƺ佨ȭͷȻһ֮ڽȭƵý飬ϵسű˴˵塣
ˡ
佨ɴ۾ţͷųԼǿ
ƴˡ
ҶǳԵ࣬ǳɣüͷûһ¡
ѾļˡҶǳ΢΢Ц
佨ҧг˲ʣԼˣһԼĵطˣ̫ܵˡ
䣡
ҶǳͬһɽǰƽǿµĴӿһӣǰ
佨ƺһ漴˵ɳȥٶһѪ
һΣҶǳû֣佨ոʱӱѾ佨ǰٶһƽ佨ɳȥ佨̨
ͬ佨ҶǳڿڵĻƽ֮ź󣬲ˣٶҲ˺ܶ౶ȫûȱ㡣
䣡
ص
佨̨ڵϣؿڣҶǳĲġ
Դϳ⻹һβҰܣҶֻһʮꡣ
ʣһս֮Ҷǳ̤佨ţ¡
˿Ѿûٹעʧˣ˶̨ϵҶǳ˷ܵĻš
Ƕ˷ڡ
Ϊµİʤ塭Ҷǳɣ̨һ߸ҶǳͽƷһ߼ĸߺ
Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ

ǶһƬվĻֱۡ
ֵռ䡣
佨̨ϵҶǳջ˲ʵĿ⣬аһ̾漴Ϣȥ
Ȼͬ׽ǶˣϾǾսһս츳ٸߣҲĶ֡
Ȼյ佨Աߣ˵
лֱ˵佨俴һۣ֣ҲᶪôΪҶǳ̤ʯ
ɱСӣ֮ǰҴӦȻԣгɱ
ԼѾҶǳΪ˵Ҷǳı𣬻Ϊǿ
Ȼ佨Цһ˵ɱҲ̫СˣҲ̫߿ˣҿûɱ㻹սְɡ
˵ɣ佨ת뿪Ҳ࿴һۡ
һ㶣漴佨ıӰһҲת뿪ˡ
޳СˣΪҶǳŻôױɱ𣿡佨ͷһıӰһЦ
Ҷǳһս佨ᵽҶǳʵȻǵսѹסˣǶһǿ˵սô
̶ȣһսһսսԡ
Ҷǳ󱬷ǹʵ佨ľԼûбѹսҲҶǳĶ֡
ʮ꣬ս츳ǿ°
δµȻܸԺΪսʣҷ˶
佨΢΢һЦ뿪˽ǶɲҶǳŽǲǡ
Ժ³϶á

ս̨ϣչվԱɫɵùЦš
ߵ츳ãҲҪɳУԹſɲ١
Ͳˡչ΢΢Ц漴ȥӭҶǳˡ
ߣϷҪ㻹ܵãչɣǻǰעҪչɸӵıӰ⡣
˿̨̣ϣҶǳѾõԼĽ
ʤĽǳḻǽҽһڣξǵҩˣʮԪ
ԪǹԪ
սΪĶҩ
ʮԪڰڵĽȻǳ
ЩҩӦÿԽս۷徳磬ټϼĴеЩ͹ȻʯӦÿڵִѧԺ֮ǰսˡ
Ҷǳ뵽Щ
֪ȵԼս֮սԻһأʱԽһս⡣
Сܵܣû뵽ǸҶǳ佨һսҴ۽ˣһڵĳҪˡһԴЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦҲǲòݣⱩ¶鷳ˡ
ǺǣģȻҪкܶ࣬Ҫ˸࣬㲻µġЩ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦû˵̨
ѾչɸϢˡ
ɣڵңսҲûл֮µսҾ򲻹Ҳƾߡ
Ҷǳңгš
Ѿеսǿˡ
ҶǳѾڴźսǿ߽ˣΪڳսǿ⣬ս֮ѾҲˡ
佨ֳڶʮĵǿߣҶǳֻҪƽ֮ŵĴ׽ɱ
ƣս統УҶǳѾҲˡ


212 ׼뿪
ҹˮǹܲ
︮һҶǳչһ˫Ŀ͵貵ĹâľһӴﵽһ۷״̬
ս۷徳磡
Ҷǳȭͷ˷ܡ
ʮԪ֮Ϊս۷徳磬Ѿֻ̤սˡ
ֻҪһս磬ҵʵ϶ᱩ࣬˵Գ״ǵƽ֮šҶǳ뵽зǳڴ
Сӣ˰ʤǲ뿪˵ˣһԵëҶǳɵʵ
Ǹ뿪ˣȹȥȡЩʯټƻô뿪Ҷǳͷ˵
˵ƻΪ֮ǵ˶֪ҶǳˣЩµ۹Ĺǣ϶뾡һа취ҶǳС
ͬʱҪɱҶǳˡ
Ҷǳǰ׳գ֪Լݱ¶ĺҪƽ뿪֮ǣȴҪúüƻһ¡
ϧսһƿʱͻƣĻֻҪ̤ս磬ôмսϵǿߣȻǸκβҡҶǳ뵽
˵ڿԶԿսҲֻʵһսѣսսֻˡ
ֻ̤ս磬״ڵĻƽ֮ţҶǳеԽܳս

ʱתۼ
ڣв֮ǵĴ︮ݷҶǳҶǳҲһһӼǣ˴ĵĺ졣
ȻЩǷҶǳġ
ҪҶǳ
ЩҲǰ׳գ֪Ҷǳּţʸġ
ԣֻܽá
ѣԺҲܶһ·
ΪЩѣҶǳһյٿʯֱ൱һµȼвƸˡ
ɼЩ֮ǵĴΪ˽ҶǳҲ˺ܴıǮ
Ҷǳ˵ЩҲкôģϾڻûгɳѣҲͶ·
ҪǣҶǳѾµ۹Ĺ壬ڿɲٵ֮ǵЩˡ
Ҷǳʱ֮ΨһûǲǾ֮ǵĳҲ֮ǿս½۹С
ǳҶǳɣϾλصĳսʼĴڡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴ëȥһУЩѾˣΪ׬һǧٿʯ
ټ֮Щ͵Ҷǳһǧİٿʯˣëƽ֣һ˶߰ٿʯ
ˣˣСӣǵʵԴˡëõ߰ٿʯ֮˷ܵĴС
Ƕ˵Ҷǳëһۣ漴ЩĽ
ëûƿֻҪЩʯȻȻΪ
Ҷǳڻսƿǰûͻƿ֮ǰʯܽս硣
ܹõôʯҶǳҲǷǳĵġϾЩʯֻҪͻƿˣҪսˡ
СưɣүҪȥЩʯˣôʯүνս۷徳綼⡣ëҶǳƵӣʱЦ
Ҷǳɻôôʯѵս磿
Сӣ̫СսˣսҪս꣬Ҫ̫ӴˣЩʯٳʮñүս硣ëЦ
ʮҶǳԵһǲҪʯ𣿽սȻҪôӴ
ëҶǳԾӣһת¶һĨյЦݣٺЦСӣֻСԺս磬ҪʯȱүĻҪöࡣ
Ŷ𣿡Ҷǳɵüͷ⵹һ鷳
УСս磬ٴγ嵽ʮսǰ޹˵߾磬ôСӽսҪʯ͸࣬ëЦգȥʯˡ
ʮս
Ҷǳͷ˼š
սʿ磬ʹ˽ɣ̤ʮսʿ磬ҿ˻ƽ֮š
ԣҶǳĿ£еǷǳڴսҲܹ̤硣
ΪҶǳǵë˵ܹÿ󾳽統ж̤롮ʮǡôԻΪս½ʷǿս
ʮս𣿡
һ̤ġ
Ҷǳ뵽Ŀ˸ҰĿǺܴ󰡡
ȻҪΪս񣬵ȻҪΪǿս

ë˳أһǿϢýߵҶǳе𺳲ѡ
һڹƶս˰ɣҶǳ𾪵˵
ëذͷǵȻүôҲһޣھս۷սֻϧүӡˣĻүʵǿ
˵֮䣬ëѾϵϢ
Ҷǳľ
ڱ˵һӻôǿ϶ҪܳһʱӦë˲ˡ
׷ףëսʶ˵ôˣһӽսʡս𾳽磬׾ٵƿ
ëһӱôǿҶǳҲеܸˣϾһһǿİˡ
ףСˡëȻ˵ʵʶӦľҲԶˡ
ҶǳҲƣë뿪ӡ
ԶϣƿҶǳæС˹Щ˷ܵ˵Ҷ֣ϵͻˡ
ͻƣҶǳһ㶡
һԵëɵС֣չǼһսˡҲ֮ǰս۷壬λɽż֮бشһĥټ͸Ĳеȣͻƿ
ҶǳԻȻͬʱҲΪƸеˣչһͻƣʵ֮ǰǿˣԲеȵƶܿսˡ
һǻǰܳΪ֮ǵеԶԶǿˡ
գҶǳЦŹϲ
˷ܵ⻹ҪлҶ͸ϵսˣϵʲôʱ뿪֮ǣս磬ʵ֮ǰҲͻƵİ³׻ָˣ׼뿪֮ǡ
ǾͶлﲮˡҶǳЩˣչڵʵǻԼ뿪֮ǣǰȫܶ࣬߼սˡ
֮ǣ߼սǳϡ٣Щµ۹ĸ߼սǣû֮ǡ
֮ǱЩ߼ս֮ǰҶǳˣȻԸҶǳ
뵽Ҷǳ˵²˳٣ǽ뿪ɡ
Ǻãȥʰ¶һ㶣ƺû뵽ҶǳϾҪ뿪漴͵˵ͷ
ʰҲҪ뿪Ҷǳؿơ
ٺ٣Ҷ֣ҪΪ׷ߣԺ͸ˣҲҪѧԺƺٺЦ
ҶǳԣһʱԶԡ


213 
ʲô׷ߣ
ҶǳȻս½ϣһЩǿߣһЩţһ˸棬Щ˱׷ߡ
׷ЧԼ׷ˣǲˣǽ˺֮䣬һǿݺս½ĸ
һˣһ׷ĳˣôͲܱѣĻܵս½ǿߵ׷ɱ˶᲻ܡ
Ȼʲô׷ߣҶǳûԼ׷ߣҲҪ׷ߣϾҪ£ҲҪʲô
ֻǣǰһӣҶǳҲ˼ܾϾ˼ЧԼ
£ҶǳЦ֣㲻ˣô˵ҲѰ
Ǻǣ׷ҲѰƺٺЦ츳ôǿ϶ƽ϶ܹһҵ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ
һԵëСӣһ׷ҲãԺʲô飬ܰϢߣһ֣ԼҲкô뵱˵ǱүĶ֣еǿߵİÿζñүκβá
ðɣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ǰƣ֣ȻִˣҾͬˡҲ֪ҵݺУʱǲҪ¶׷ߵݣȻǻǰҲµ۹ĹĴΣǰѧԺҲҪҷֿߣܸȫһЩ
ôУҼȻ׷ߣȻҪһ𲢼սԾ
Ǻǣҵ׷ߣǾ͵ҵġҶǳЦ
ƶʱˡ
Ҷǳ˵ңҿʵǿܿ죬һ֣ڿӦﲮһЩʯɡɣҸ㶨Ŀ꣬ҵִѧԺʱΪôﵽս۷壬ǶǷԳΪ׷ߵĿ顣
ðɣƵ˵ͷҲ֪ԼڵʵԺҶǳһ𲢼սܹڵִѧԺ֮ǰﵽս۷壬һѹûС
ΪѾﵽ˰սˣʯﵽս۷⡣
츳Ͳ
ź֮Ҷǳ͸︮ĴѾȺڴ˵չɡ
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мս𣿹Ȼǿ󣬲ڿԿġҶǳľ
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Ҷֶȷھ뿪֮𣿡չɿǰҶǳʵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ҵѾ¶Щ֮ǵµ۹ѾôԸˣˣ뿪ȫһЩ
ţ˵Ҳеչɵ˵ͷΪǰİ֮ô꣬ǻ۵ȻС
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չЦҶô꣬Ǹ÷ֳʤˡ
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ҶǳҲԼĻǡСһ߳ųȥһ߿;֮ǵҵ֡
Ҫ뿪֮ˣ֮֮Уȴջ࣬ûаһˡգҳΪս֮֮ǿҶǳ뵽
Ҷ֣ʱŻǴӺ׷ҶǳҶ֣յϢҲȫβǺ档УһЩµ۹Ĺ壬ҲսǿߣҪ㡣
мս𣿡Ҷǳʵ
չڵʵֻǳսôʮҲþ¡
ֻмսܶҶǳев
ƺٺЦУֻһսϵ˲еȣʵսɱ׾١Ȼֻ̽ϵϢͲ֪ˣǻǵСĵ㡣
ţҶǳ˵ͷ
ƣչƣ֮ǵ˶֪չɱϵˣû뵽չɻôǿ
ߣµ۹Ĺ֮ǵǿҲǺܶ࣬սľ͸ˣҲмս
ܻи߼ս
ҶǳԼĵġ

ףĺԭϣǰĶƺƵǰš
ʱ뿪֮ѾмˣѾ֮ԶԶ˦˺档
Ҷǳͷ˿һ޼ʵĺԭɵöԱߵչɸЦﲮǸϼһﻹǺĵģȻڶûж֡
ߣ˵ؾ֮ǻܽһֺ֮ܿǵǵı֮չЦ
Щµ۹ĹǿߣǸĺܽҶǳתͷԶļɽʱðӰȻ٣һǿ
Щһ·Ƕµ۹ǿߡ
ֻǣڻûѡ֡
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𣡡
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ţô£СҶǳһæСԴҪС
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ʱԱߵչҲ˵ҶֶϿͣСҪսˡ
䣡䣬һɫĹСϳ𣬹ᴩգΧһƬɳ
ҶǳҲɳȥʵûˣ΢΢һ٣ڰͣסӣء
漴ҶǳĵؿС
ʱС͵һ漴ſڵϣ˳˯
СȻڷ⣬ͨĳɫȻڣǿϢϵشСɢ
սĶô𣿡Ҷǳɵþȵ
չҡҡͷ˵ǵģ˺޽սƽģСѪڽսҲڽԶܴ󡣡
ˣҵɱˡڴʱһǰ̽ӴӺϹ
չɫһ䣬漴ҶǳˣǸϼһ϶ǷСսˣҪʱ֡Ҫ֪СսʱǾԲ˴ŵˣͻṦһʲôΣա


214 
չɵĻҶǳɫһ䣬漴ﲮȥŷɣСҵĻ飬ػ
չ֪ҶǳʵûɣǵͷǺãһᰲһ㣬ģҪ˶ҾɱǸϼһ
˵գչɾͼԦһͷǣȥָӻǰĳԱˡ
ҶǳԱߣ˵Ҷ֣Һһ𱣻С
ţСĵ㣡Ҷǳ˵ͷԼʵǺŵģչʵҪ˶þܽɡ
սΣյĲңЩڰлµ۹ǿǡ
£ҶǳصؿܣԴ
ԶԿһսС֮ҲܶԿһսëޣڴﵽ˾ս۷壬ҲܶԿһսֻҪûмսǾͲ⡣Ҷǳ뵽
һΣ׼ʵˣëпܱ¶
û취һԵв̫ˡ
ɱ
ûã󷽲Զ㴫һƬɱ
ҶǳĿһȻҵˡ
ͷҵļԪ𰲸ҲˣҲȫ
ԪȥͷڽԲ̤ս硣ȥչɣ˻ɱǰĳԱ
ãһҪսپʱ䡣ԪҲ˵
ǲôͿսģϾ֮ǻԶΧµ۹Ĺڻ
ǣû뵽СʱսǲСս磬ĻμӮˣʧҲܴ
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Ǻǣڴˡ
ܾˣʱڳ֣ض׾ٵɱҶǳ
ҶҶǳǵĿֻԲߡ
ߣںԭʲôڵﶼûУһ޼ʵĺأܣ

Уµ۹ĹǿǣҲʼжˡ
ǲû϶֣ڶҶǳ
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չɸҶǳŵһӻǰԱҲǿߣټսǿԼǰѹ
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ڴʱһɿֲѹд
ҶǳʵȻսǰȻһԪЦ
ͬһۡл٣ڰУǰҶǳԵ÷ǳɣ·һо֮С
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СﱾүȥɣëͺһǳҵĻ񵶹âɣʱ౶һͨ쳹صľ޴񵶣ݺݵԪ
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䣡
ײֲΧࡣ
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෴ëٶȺܿ죬һֻצԪһѪɫĺۼҪԪùë˺ˡ

Ԫŭû뵽ҶǳȻһֻôǿޣֻûм֪ʲôޣȻôֲ
Щйսµ۹ǿǣҲˡ
֪Ҷǳһֻ񣬶ûëǳ֣û뵽Ȼôսˡ
ѹҶǳһ·ӵֻ񱣻һսκβҶǳ
ֻҲֻǿһսмսɡ

µ۹Ĺǿ۷׷ס
ڴʱһߵսչɵЦ


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ΪչɣͻȻһǿƣԶԶղšǿƣֱѹ˹Ϣ
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ȼս꣬Ӷʵƴͬھطս½ϣһ˵ᣬ۹ĻҶûط
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ǰһٴʤ
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Ҷǳһϲæӹöռָ滹ٶʯʱ֪ҵĲƸչûҪȫˡ
ҶǳʱЩʯչɣϾǱչɸɱģʱչѾȥˡ
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ңǰĴϣһ޴ĳ
µ۹ǣգҪɱҶǳҲܣǽȻĳ˭̤ߣǾͱĳˡ
չؿŶȺµ۹Ĺǿǣռ䡣
չɵĻȺµ۹ĹǿǶɫ뵽ղչһȴǼɵѡ
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صĺԭϣһ޴ĳӡڵϣߣֱվչɺһµ۹Ĺǿǡ
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ˣչɵĶһµ۹мսˡ
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Сеٶȷǳ죬յͼϵ·ߣҶǳһ˪ĳǳǰǳصֽʯǡ
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Ҷǳץסᣬһӽʯڣѷرգ

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İĿռУʱشֲ
ԼԼأԿΧƯһЩɫĹںڰ֮иĿ
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Ҷǳüؿܣ裬о˵أԶǼƯҲ֪ʲôѵǹ
ЩƺܼɵҹֻԶҶǳǻ
Ҷǳı󣬱ʯ壬ʱѾӰе±ҶǳңʯʱɢīɫĹâҶǳǰ
ôأ˵˲ˣҲаˡë˵
ˣҶǳʱ
ս𣿲ܣֻһĹضѣôܻˡ
ëɵУָǰڰĴأһƷ˲ʱܳΧĿռ䣬ΧЩŵöɢ
ͬʱڷ˲Ĺâ֮£Ҳ¶صĿݹǡ
⡭ҶǳһͬʱҲӶֱۣųһ̫𣬳ǰ̽ȥ
̫ȷ˲Ҫâۣͬһ̫һһӾռ䡣
ȥصĿݹǣ׹ɭɭֲ˹
Щ˶ǱɱˣҶǳͫһɫޱ
ɱ˰ˣĹصˣǷ񰡡
Ҷǳзŭˣʵǿ󣬶ֵ𾴡
ɱˣս½ҲҪɱ˭
ǿǿ֮ɱΪ档
һǿɱ¾ߣǾˣǿ˲ܡ
οĹص˻ɱ˰ˣ˼ֱǷӡ
ЩӦö޽Ĺصģ˲˵Ϣй¶ԾͿɱǡë˵
ѹЩ꿴Ƕ˷ŭΪӵʯ壬Щ굱ɳˡҶǳԶЩꡣ
ꣿֻһЩлˣĹ꣬Ųʵֻսϵǿ󣬲пγɹ꣬Щһֻǹ»Ұǲȫëߵ
ʲô취ܹǽ𣿡Ҷǳü
һԣЩл궼ԶɢصġһǿϢ˴˵أʹЩ»Ұû취ȥëͬʱۣԶš
Ҷǳһ԰صȴš


219 
ԼСʱëۣҶǳʱڴؿֻüͷ壬΢˼Ƭ̣ųм»Ұټ϶Ļۣʹô˵ص̫ˣүҲ޷̽鵽ԶǰԶȷһĹأǽȥ
Щ»ҰṥǰɣҶǳüͷӵ̫ͺ𣬶ԸЩ»Ұ׾٣֪Щ»ҰǰҲǿˣٵЩлꡣ
Ȼ˵δػֻתЩлҲʧȥʶҶǳҲǶ֡
ģʯڣǲҹġǵǱʶУʯ˷ǳŭͬʱҲǳη塣ë˵
ͬʱëùһʯ壬ǰȥ
ȻЩ»ҰȻһë˻𣬵ȴҽӽë
ҶǳҲһʯ߳ȥ
ǰĹ»Ұǳ˲ϵ˻⣬óһ·
ëٺЦʯӦǴ˵ģרŸ˽˵أϾ˵˾ٻҲϣԼĴɢ϶ϣ˼̳С
ˣⶫҵĴұôˣ϶ҲҵһˡҶǳһ˵
ëЦȺ˾֪ˣڣѹĺҲһλսʣһӵսʣʵ²λʲСˣһӵõλսʵı
ߣһʲͬһ´УӦǸġ鴫ұҲͲΪҵĴұˣϧҵĺܰҶǳߵ
˵ҲԣһҲвãǵСĵ㡣ë
˵֮䣬ѾĹǰ
ë֮ǰۿˣԲ̫Ծ
ҶǳȴһһĹذֱһΰ׳۵Ļʹ
ҶǳҲµ۹Ļʹǰȴ൱µ۹Ļʹˡ
˴˵ģɣֺΰ𺳡
Ҫ޽ôӴĹȺµҪ˽졣ë˵
Ҷǳɫ˵ҵǸ쵰ڿɱ˼ˣֱһħͷ
쵰ܣȡıǾͻٵߡҶǳһ⡣
ĴħͷҶǳûһ˿øС
ãˣǰˣ칬Լֵġ
սʵʵȫԶֽ죬ٶȻϺܶࡣ
ҵڣȴΪʡΪ鷳˶֣Ȼɱڡ
Ƚȥɣë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴̨ףһϹǰĴ㳡Ȼһ
һǳӴ󣬸ûʣǧΰ׳ۡ
ףʯд֡Ȼëͷһȵ
㳡ϵȷһʯû֣ҶǳǾûе£û뵽Ȼڷ֣ëͷˡ
ҶǳëҲߵʯĺ棬Щ̵ֿȥ
Щս½֣ҶǳǶʶ
ʣԭҵϻ쵰гʣֵƥ䣬һ֪ǺˡҶǳߵ
ʯصıǳʵһԼһЩ˵Ļ
һӵеľȻ𣬶ǵػеĶһ֡ˣүĸӦûдʯȷӵϢŶԡëȴüͷ
߰ɣǽȥ˵Ҷǳ˵գһƻٵʯ
ʯ˵飬ǳƽĵ֮£ȫҫ˵ĻҲҺ󱲵Ļ
ŵ˼ǣб
ǣⱦֻҲܽȡҽ룬ɡ
ҶǳԴûе£ëȴǳСӣˣһսʼˣҲС
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
һһ漴ŵȥ
ǿŵģһƬڣʲôҲ
ߣëɨӹȥʱüͷһ壬漴סҶǳ
ôҶǳͷë
ëָǰżߵżѪʯɣ
ѪʯʲôҶǳɻ
Ӧ֪ͬһˣڻٶͬѪѪʯǼѪġֻҪһѪѪʯѪʯͻ¼ѪҺеѪ˽ӽѪʯʱͻᷢ⣬Ǳ˽ӽѪʯͻᷢ׹⡣ë͵
ҶǳЩȣû뵽Ȼʯͷֻǳⶫʲô
һıˣⶫȻΪ˷ֹΪãһжϳˣôͲǱΣˡ
ë˵ţۼŵɨӹȥ


220 Ѫ
һƬҶǳս˵˫Ŀ޷
һ赲ǵ̽ӡҶǳ˵
ëۣһ߿һ˵ǰųʵĻһȻǸˣžһа
㿴ʲôҶǳ˷˷ۣ˵ʲô𣿡
ûбһأǷǰĵ棬ֻҪһ򣬾ͻأȻ˾ͻһ֮Сë˵
ҶǳһתصˣЦʾĺˣô϶°ʱͻأȥȡ˲ТҲѱĺˣհ
Щб𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵ
ô󣬲ӦֻôණŶԡ
һ壬Ǳ޿ɱܣֻҪһȥȻ壬ΣѲ⡣ëջۣ˵
壿Ҷǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ֽϣһ˺ɱ˵󷨣һȥͻɵĻþ֮УͬʱҪ󷨵ɱУǳΣգһַǳֶΡë˵
ô˵һǿѪʯżжϳǲҵˣͻ壿ǣץһҵĺһȥвУҶǳ˵
УֻҪ˿żѪʯͻȻ塣ëҡҡͷ
ô˵ıֻҵȡˡҶǳ˵
Ҫʵǿ󣬿ֱƵ壬ڱүȻսеĶǿߣôõ壬ƶսʶвȻү󷨾ͨû㹻ʵҲ޷Ƶ塣ë˵
һ𣿡ҶǳЩġ
ҶǳʧӣëͻȻЦСӣбүڣôܻһˡ
ʲô취ҶǳƲЩڴ
ëָǰѪʯżЦ˸СӣѪʯֻܼⷲ˵ѪѪͼⲻˡ
ʲô˼Ҷǳüͷһ
ë˵˼ǣһλսѪʯȲᷢ׹⣬Ҳᷢ⣬ʲôҲⲻȻҲ޷ˡ
ϻҪսˣֱӾͿԴ塣˵սῴһսµı˵˸û˵һҶǳë˵
ëҡҡͷٺЦСӣǱүʲô𣿡
㲻һֻûëļҶǳЦ
ëɫһ䣬漴ŭǼȫҶǼ˵գͳȥץסҶǳͷҳ
ˣˣ֪ǷˣͷҶǳæġ
һһһͣ
ֻë߰ͷư˵ү޷ˣ֪ʲôǺսһȼģүȺսһȼԱүҲ޵ѪѪʯҲͬ޷ү
ô˵ҲǳսĺҲսѪҶǳ۾һҲ˵
ͶˣܽȥëٺЦ
ҶǳҲЦˣЦıô࣬ȴû뵽˵ˣĺսѪıɿհ
Ҳܹս½жٸսжٸޣ˭뵽˵ˣӵս޵Ѫë̾
ҶǳҲԣս٣ҲȻ٣޾͸ϡˣҶǳҲֻëһ
߰ɣǽȥɣë˵ţһӿż߽
ҶǳҲ漴ȥˡ
ǿżʱѪʯżȻûзκεĹâ
ǽ빬
ֻڴΧĻѣȻȻصȼˣҵĹâ
ǰһǽϣ滭ŵǳʣһӵģǳӢ΢΢𣬴һаһ˫ɫӣĵη
ȻһöҶǳһ漴һŶڳǰĵ棬ʱ˻أ¶һͨ
ɱ˼ħͷҶǳŲء
һһֱ֮ͨС
СΪûѪܽԱҶǳڹ㳡ˡ
֮ͨҶǳһ̫Χ
ʱһƬɫĹâռ䶼һƬƽ֮⡣
ͨȻɻƽɣöٻƽһ̫ǮˡҶǳĿɿڴؿǰͨ
ЩҸоϢ쵽ǰȥë˵ŷǰ
Ҷǳæȥƽ˵ѾûʲôˣֻʯȱҪ


221 ޻ڴʦ
һһٶ죬ת۱㴩˻ƽͨȻһҵС
ҷǳӴڲһƬǽͽڣ·һƬչһܵĵϣɢһЩȱʯƬһЩƬ
ҵ룬һüĿķɢŵĽ⣬ϥһְǰĵ棬ƽͶִȱѹʲôаħһ
£ЩʯôٵˣëǵϵʯƬʱ۾һɣ
ףƺϤҶǳȴǽǰķЩɣһƵƣƺơ
ˣƣҶǳԽԽ鲻ԽؿţȻ˶һƵ⾳֮С
㱼䣬һƬƵҶǳǰһüĿϺУߺһţȻһƺ䣬ض𵴡
Ȼһƺǿ󣬵Ϻȴһȱ֮ɫ·һƲɱ¾Ϊ˽
ûģҶǳһЩ
ˣƺժֲͬǳս񴴳ժ־Ϊɱ¾ġǣ𴴳ƣȴΪ˽Ϊɱ¾һζػɱ¾սĿȥƣȻס
ϺʩչƣҶǳһӾƵİ塣
ƣǰѧģֻѾ;
£ҶǳϥϺǰŸղһơ
ڴʱһκƵķУϺе߶ŷ𾭣ȴ֣֮ƽ͡
Ҷǳֻо綼ˣȺҹҪžֻʣ·Ƶǰδеľ
ľ֮УҶǳоԼƿʼɱ䣬鲻Խص˫ֺʮ·һλõɮҲ
ιСӣô׼ҵ𣿡
ѰëҶǳ״ɵһ㶣漴Ц
Ҷǳ۾Ȼ𾭣ûë
йŹ֣
ë۾һɣ˫Ŀ䣬ʱҶǳǰķȥ
һëʱһ˶˿Ƿһξ롣
ȻǻģëǷ˼顣
۵Ĺ۲֮£ڲȻһ˿΢ֱ̫˼ˡ
ңһɷֶ£סҶǳҶǳľ硣
ϺӦûж⣬ҿǿɮһĵõɮԶˣ׼иСӡ
ë۲һ£ɵĽؿҶǳ
ۣȻԿóλõɮʵǿޱȣǴﵽս𼶱
һսĴУǿǱʲôﶼҪĶࡣ
ңɮһĴУǷǳģë鲻ѡ
Ϻʲôƺѹʲôëһ˫ɫӿ棬һϤǿϢ̽顣
Ϣ
ңһǳǿϢ
ڴʱɢһöɫӴӷ֮з˳ɢųҵĽ⣬ҶǳС
ţҶǳһƬɫķ֣˶ʥַ
ӡйȻҪԲˣһλõɮˣϧëһĻɵһ̾
һս𣬿һսȥȻܡ
˶ҪΪս񣬵мܹΪս
ͷܹﵽսĶ١
޻ڴʦȻҶǳ۾͵شһëһ
Ȼǰֻһ񣬾һʲôҲûС
ҶǳȴһȻڵϣ˾ŴΡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷ޻ڴʦȻû˵ΪͽҵõĴУУѾҵʦˡ
Ϻн޻ڣë˹˵ɮһһСĸ֣һֱλߣֻҪﵽս𾳽ܽһֱϺûнһֱǲŸո̤ս𾳽磬ûüصɮһķɽһֱˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ𾴵˵޻ڴʦڴﵽս۷֮󣬾һֱһնһ߲ѧֱս𾳽硣ǣڽս֮׼ȥʱȴķ˴˵ء
˵Ҷǳȭͷŭ˵ֶ̫ˣ٣ȴ֪õԼĳڤħķɱ˼ˣü˵꣬޾Ϊڤħϡ
ڤħ𣿾ȻڤħҲԣŴ֮Уֻڤħǽɵģġëһ
漴üǿԽڤħ𣬶ҳõķʽҲԣǳսʾ磬ôܻôã
ߣѾǳˣѾս𾳽磬ǳ𡣶ң֮ԻôãΪԼıģԼͳΪһ壬һˣһ𣬼ֱһҶǳߵ
ԭˣëȻ漴ЦһﻹǷӣһˣӵǿѾˡ
޻ڴʦ·˵صʱ򣬸ܵǿħһ̽㷢˳ʱ򣬳ڤħҲŸոսɣҲǸո̤ս𾳽硣սȴ޻ڴʦĶ֣޻ڴʦҲɱֻѡѹ÷ĥЩħ
Ҷǳ˵ϧ޻ڴʦ˽ⲻ̫࣬ǿˣ޻ڴʦ޷ĥڤħ۵ԼҲ
ô˵Щ֮սٵˣëʱһʹϧ֮ɫ
ϧ޻ڴʦһõɮȻĬĬԲڴ˵ءҶǳ̾
ëȴƲʹˣΪ޻ڴʦɱǻɱս𣬿»޷ӵս𣬵޻ڴʦȴõΪǿɮһͺһרſаħ
ΪΣҶǳһ㶡
Сӣһǳ޻ڴʦںͳսʱ򣬻Ҫһ߷ķ»ٵʯǣһʵֻܷӳһȻκβ˳𡣡ëЦ
޻ڴʦȱΪҶǳ˲ˡ
սսû޻ڴʦ߾ȫطΧʯǶݻˣʱⲻ޻ڴʦҪĽ
ˣСӣ޻ڴʦԲˣҪˣëɵüͷ
ҶǳЦĺˣ޻ڴʦѾĽ󷨣ʱӡ˳𡣰֮ڣ𲻿ӵóġ
ǰ֮أëƲ
Ҷǳ۾һУЦ֮󣬾
СӣҪڰ֮ڳΪսУëЦ
߰ɣ˵Ѿûбˣܹõ޻ڴʦĴУʲôﶼǿˡҶǳ˵뿪ҡ
ˬˣ汾үһˡëƵظȥ


222 ʮ
뿪˵ң»ص㳡ϣҶǳǳȥ
ëΧĹ»ҰɵüгڣЩһ޷ˡ
ǿδأҶǳһЦ漴еʯ嶪ëȻ˳ȥϥڵϡ
Сġëһ㶣漴
ΪΧЩ»ҰǣڿҶǳûʯ֮󣬶ʱһ¶׺֮ɫҶǳӵ
ڴʱҶǳϱһɳҵĽ⣬ͬʱһƬƵķ
ֻЩӵĹ»ҰǣʱһȻϵ׺֮ɫʧȡ֮ƽ밲
ңЩ»ҰҲİ׹⣬ȻͿǵ¶ѵЦݡ
Ƿ׷׹ϥڵϵҶǳһҲڻɢ
ԽԽĹ»ҰȻҶǳȻ
Χ𽥼١
СӡԶë״ɵĿɿڴ漴΢΢һЦ
Ҷǳõ޻ڴʦĴУõ˲ٺö
㻨һݵʱ䣬ҶǳŶȻĹ»Ұźë뿪˵ء
ͨʯϵʱ峿⣬ض
磬˵ֻ֮ǰȻЩ»Ұʱҷ·ܵһǲҶǳ뵽ǰЩȻĹ»ҰɵöһԵë˵
ëҡͷֻأ̫ˣս񶼲֪үȻ֪ˣСӵõ޻ڴʦĴУ˵˵õʲôö
ëʱһؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц޻ڴʦ˵Ҳʺȫ߷һҲûΪͽԭûаЩ𷨾ѧڸңָҵƣоǽһЩĵĹˡ
ĵĹë۾һɣʱϲСӣ㷢ˣɮһķΪ棬죬߱ү
ѧûãԸسɷ𡣡ҶǳҡͷЦ
СӸҲ˽ëҶǳ
Ҷǳæֵô᣿кöȻ㣬ĵĹںܶǰҲս½ˣȴѧᣬ͸ˡ
СӾȻ˵ү츳Уë۾ɵøˡ
ĸ츳޹أӦ֪ҽȱΪҪѧϰҵĹǾ͵÷еĳޣѧϰ޻ڴʦһȱΪնõĹûãҲǺܶ޷ѧԭ򡣡Ҷǳ˵
ѵСѧû᣿ëߵеĳޣǲܵġ𺦵޷ս񣬺ܻġ
ûʲôޣ˵ֲɱȻ̸ϴȱΪҲܽӽˣǿǿһ£رȲЩõɮҶǳ΢΢Ц
ߣСӱ˵̫磬үҪܹľĸΡëߵ
ľδҪŹĥҲйأǺǣҶǳЦЦ漴С˺ʯǡ
ʯû֮ôΰ׳ۣҲû³ķ֣ΪɽΨһһǳأǿ߷ǳ࣬ǿսʿӰ
ȥ¥Ҳһ³ĴˣҶǳЦ˵
ôãһڵĳӦó˰ɣ֪СӻʲôλáëЩڴ˵
Ѿ۹ΧˣҶǳҲõµ۹׷ɱˣٴƤߣǻָԭģ
¥ʲôطﶼһصľɫ
Ȼ࣬һ⣬һǿߡ
ֻһڵʱ򣬲Żͨﹺʱˣǿߡ
ҶǳʱһƬ
쿴Ҷǳ
ǰ˵֮Ǻ佨սڽǶû뵽Ѿʯˡ
ҶǳҪ۹ˣϾ۹⣬µ۹ĳֻ̫࣬۹ʺˡ
˵᲻۹ѧԺ

Χ۷׷ף߽Ҷǳ
ܹ¥ˣǳϤȻϾϳҶǳ
ңҶǳߴһͷǺһֻûëļװ磬ʵ̫Ŀˡ
СӣԽԽˡëվҶǳļϣЦŴ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦŹ̨ȥ
һ¥ĹԱҶǳ˵ӭҶӴݹǺʯ¥֪ʲôΪģ
һ°ĳ˳ҰסҶǳ˵
ҶӣҪ°񡣡¥ĹԱؽ񽻸Ҷǳ漴һλŮ˵ҶȥСͤԱߵͥԺú̺Ҷӣõ
ǣ
ŮԵ˵ͷ漴Ҷǳ΢΢˹Ҷ룡
ͷˣҶǳ˵ͷ漴Ů뿪˴á
һƬ
СͤͥԺΪǿ׼İɣ
ʲô⣿Ҷǳ츳񻹲𣿡
ʮ̫꣬ˣôţ¥Ҳǳء
Ҹо۹һ籩ˡ
ٺ٣ѧԺǼţ֪ҶǳкϷˡ

ҶǳʯǵϢܿʹˣôŷǳעȴû
Ϊ¥й涨ס¥ǿߣûеõɣһɲš
СͤһͥԺ
ҶǳǰĺͥԺипѣڳˣǲһ
Сӣǿ߾סĵط¥Ҫ£㡣ëһ߳ʳһЦ
¥ֻҪϵǿߣ԰׳԰ס̺
񣿿Щʵ磬ҲġҶǳ΢΢Ц
ͬʱҶǳ򿪸ղŹĳ񣬿Լ
ʮҶǳڳϵ
ӦڽǶ佨Ҷǳ뵽סһλսĹϢҪ¥ٵ¥°ĳ񣬻Ҫһʱ䡣
ԣһڵ°Ҷǳٸߣ»ֱӽǰʮ
Сӣ׼ʲôʱ뿪ʯǣëʵ
º󣡡Ҷǳϥ£ҵõ޻ڴʦĴУҪʱһ£ȰºȥѧԺ
ǺǣڵǲżˣСһ¾ܸϵˡëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴۾ʼ޻ڴʦڸķķ
ɮһ߲ͬĵطǶԴľǳأľΣֹˮʯɽ
˵ɽľ磬սУߵһ
ɮһЩõɮ˵ڶ㣬ľϿһЩս
Ҷǳеλ޻ڴʦҲڲǰ̤ľĵڶ㡪ʯ硣
ľĵһֹˮÿһɮܹ̤롣
ڿɮһһ㶼̤룬ǾɮһԵ
ëսޣҲһ㡣
Ȼľǿ󣬲ӰʵȴܹͻƿԿɮһǿ߲Ż
̤ľһ㣬Ҳͻƾ磬ս硣Ҷǳ뵽


223 

СͤˮǴӸһɽϣ¥ԲȪˮ𣬶ҾϢһˮ
ʱҶǳϥСͤϵһ齸ʯϣ˫Ŀգƽȣ˵ҲԵޱƽ͡
ϸõҶǳͺˮһ¡
ϧˣǲһ㣡
ãҶǳ۾Ŀ¶һ˿ź
Դ˰º󣬲һܹﵽľĵһˣϧһ㣬ȴסˡ
¸£ү͸ˣľΣһһѣҪ̤һ㣬ٵȼɡë˹ҶǳļϣЦ
˵ˣëУȴǷǳ𾪡
Ҫ֪ޣս۷壬ĥ̤ľĵһ㡣
Ҷǳڲʮ꣬ͿҪ̤ľĵһˣľϵ츳¾ЩɮһĵõɮȲϡ
СӲԵתɣëаֹ
˵ʲôҶǳ̧ۿë
ûʲôëæҡͷ漴Сӣ鷳ˣЩµ۹ĹѾ棬ֻҪ˭ɱ㣬Դʬ壬ܵõǵĽ͡
ͣҶǳһЦЩһɱңڿʼ׼ɱˡ
Сӣˣǻ˴ǮӶ˻ɱͽʮƷʯһؼ۷弶սѾӶΪSˡë
ʮƷʯ£ͽ𡭡Ҷ̲סɱԼȥˡҶǳ԰࣬ͽ𣬿߼ս̲סҪĶˡ
Щսмսֱû˿ֿ
ٺ٣µ۹Ĺ屾Ͷ࣬һóʮƷʯܴʮˡСӣò˵ΣˡԶ۹ЩΪͽǿߣ׷ɱġëЩֻЦ
ǻʲôϽ߰ɣѧԺҲܱסСҶǳԣʱ𣬽ʰһ¶СڿնʧںʯǵС
УѾڼҶǳǿеСʱ㲻ɵƲѡ
Ҿ˵ˣҶǳսĻǣЩսӶɱٶ˶ûá
ʮƷʯ붼Ķ˵һؼսˡ
ǵٶ̫ˣһĳս׷ôɵġ
ϻҪɣӶὫΪS𣿡

ԶȥҶǳмӵ˲̾
ܿ죬Ҷǳ뿪ʯǵϢѸٴ鿪
ݣ
ʯǵĸ߿УһӰӹ
һֻ;޴ĺӥٶ졣
ںӥıϣȴϥһӣ
ϧһˣҶǳˣûϵкڹӥ׷ġ
΢΢Ƴһĺʯǣ漴ΪһӰʧС
ڹӥǷеĸ߼ޣеٶȣȻԶԶǡ

һ߷壬Ρ׳ۡ
ɽϣĸڳſ⣬һ߲ʱա
磬˵ҶǳĻ·˵𣿡һ¶һ˿ɡ
ģҶǳ츳εȻҲǼ֪֮µ۹֮󣬿϶ǵģʱȻ·ǡ硯ŵ˵
磬ô֪ҶǳһǣǰǸ󺺲ɵ档
ԱһԴЦģҲ̫ˣҶǳΪβԶ۹ȻҪѧԺˣ츳ҲֻѧԺһ¥һܱ
ô˵һѧԺǾɱ𣿡Ķʱɫһ䡣
ǰڴˣֵλսһ֣ͲɱʱȥӶͣЩʯսǵʵܴˡǡ硯Ц
磬Ҹо˻ǵϢһҶǳ
ʱһϲ
Աߵһ󺺣͵վ
ǡ硯ɫһ䣬漴Цֵܵ˴ˣڵȵˡ϶ǺһסͷǣҶǳǸСӾͽˡ
磬̫ˣҳְɡԱߵ϶˵
ǡġԴŭ磬ȻôҲһսѵҶǳǸսСһ𣿡
㶼Լˡ϶ҡҡͷ
Ļ˵Աߵġ硯˵ˣȵˣҪˣģξ֣Ҫʧˣһ궼ˡ
ĺˣԸһսСһһֶֻɱǡġһŵ˵
ʱԶдһХ
ֵ˶ʱϲ
УҶǳС
ֻҪԽǰɽܹˣһݣǾܵҶǳСıϣ΢΢Ц
СҲϵķһХ
ףϣë۾΢΢һУСӣǰɽĸսǿߣǳս߲ơ
ߣһ·Ҳвսҳ֣ϧǵٶ̫ˣмսסҡҶǳߵ
ˣԷϾĸսë˵ͣסˡ
ΪɽϵĸսѾǷˡ
ûнӽҶǳһ󺺱ŭȵιСӾҶǳɣԹֵͣɱ㣬ģֺܿ죬Բеһ˿ʹࡣ
ģ׳գΪ˸һ׳ͣɱ𣿡䣬Ա߱һ
ˣ춯֡ǡ硯ŭȵ
Զ
Ҷǳ
ë
ءСҲо˶ϵǿϢ裬ҶǳкѾһ뿪
ٺ٣𣿡ǡ硯״ʱЦֻ͵شܳһɫҶǳ
ҹҶǳ״һڵսϵسߺڽл۹ȥȻ͵رһӾͽǰɫˡ
ôܣ
ǡ硯𾪣ҪǱСˣǻпԭҶǳֻһս
еǸ硯Ҷǳ߶СԽ˸ɽֵܡ
󡭡磬ҸղûпɣҶǳȻһʱֵΧ˹֮ɫ
˵Ҷǳںԭϣһסһλµ۹սĹԲ顣ǡġһ˵
ǴһʱŭֻǵסһһսˣҿǶսȻҲܵסӵжôǿ
ƵԵһһսɱʵгǰʮˡ
˻ʮгǰʮѧԺǸϯѧԱﻹҪһΪսʵġ
ҿǻǷɣҪɱǿɾͲˡ

ֵæ뿪˴˵ء


224 ӥ
߿УҶǳСıϣǵķȥ
ëվСԴϣͻȻͷЦСӣǸսĹܰɣˡ
Ҷǳɫһ죬ʱ̲סһѪȻ֮ǰš
أСһɵõͺš
ҶǳСıοû£ֻһС˶ѡ
˵գҶǳëЦС˶սڵʵȫԵסһսǶ϶ս̫ǿˣҿһȫ֣ҲҲҪˡ
˭Сӳֵģֱ֪СˡëƲ
ⲻ̽һǺǣҶǳЦЦ漴۾һ˵ĵҩ㿪ʼˡ
һʱ䣬ҶǳͻָƣϾƲǺء
Ҷǳ·ʱһĽֱ
Ҷǳ·ͨˡһӰȻɭ֮бǿϢ춯أΧһƬ쫷硣
Ȼһս
ңһս
ˣɭ֮Уһսףֳֳ¶ɢɱ¾Ϣ
һ֧Ӷš
ôңҶǳɵÿë
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ҶǳԿ棬һ䣺ҲãξҴɱһȺһﻹΪҺ۸һ׷ɱңҲǳɱζˡ
Ҷǳë˼
ֻˣŻ۹һŲᶯ׷ɱ
ʱ䣬Ҷǳһֱ׷ɱҲŪЩķˡ
գҶǳǸսȵ˭ΪҪɱң
ҶǳҲһ콾ҾסǳལӶŵųɱԭز˵Ҳ֪ལӶŵųЦ
ߣȰ㻹ǸϽ˹ԸҶǳߵ
ǴԲѣĿ츳һལӶŵųЦһͳҶǳһֱƵƥ
СסҶǳͺһ漴һ̤Сıϣźȥ
أСһŭ𣬾޴Ҷǳǰһ˫Ѫɫ۾ŶĳལӶų˲ͳ˹ȥ
һͷѣལӶŵų۾һУɵЦһֱһСƴޱȵĽâݺ᳤գƺҪС롣
ȻСֻ̧ǰצϵػӶΪѪɫצӡݺݵغ
צӡ֮УལӶŵųƵĲϵغˣЩȫС˫צ˺ˡ
սһͷȻսôܣལӶŵųĿɿڴš
޻սֻһ֣Ǿޡ
޵Ĵ֮УŻս
ޣʥޣֻƾ豾սѡ
ǰֻǣʥ޶㲻ϣȻսһôǿս
ལӶŵųЩ⡣
֪ڰлҶǳȴ΢΢ЦСǾצʩչѾǳˣԽԿս
ǺǣСǾϵ츳ȥ㲻ܳΪޣǳΪʥӦò⡣ëЦ
Ҷǳ԰һϲʥ޾ս𼶱ҪСΪʥޣһս𼶱ֱ̫ˡ
쿴Ҷǳɱ
ų˵ˣֻҪ˭ɱҶǳͽΪų
ལӶ꣡

Ȼ·һƬ
ҶǳͷһЩལӶŵѾΧˣˣѹѹһƬ
˻ǶడལӶŵٳһ롣ҶǳЦ
ɱɣɱóལӶʧص㡣ëߵ
Ҷǳͷ漴һڽͷ£
ɱʮལӶŵ˿Ҷǳʱֳֳƺһ㣬ӿֱҶǳû
ߣҶǳһҪ߶սīĺڽһɱһ㣬ɢâΧĳལӶԱɱˡ
ͣ
ǺڽѪ
һʬգѪȾƬ
˲䣬ལӶžͱҶǳնɱʮˡ
Ⲣû˳ལӶŵˣǷŭɱҶǳȻҪΪԼĶѱѩޡ
ϧھԵʵǰǾͬɶ˻һ㣬ϵصҶǳĺڽ֮¡
ҶǳﶼҪʬûˣһͬһֻϻһȺЩལӶŵ˸˺Ƭ
ڽɨݺᣬΧʱһƬɱ¾
ã̫ǿˣǸǶ֡
ûϵĹսʱɡ
ֻҪṳ̂սᱻǸ

ΧʱشལӶԱĻ
ҶǳȴһЦڶûжսһֱɱ壬Ⱥųͭ˵佨Ҫǿ󣬹ܹɱս۷ǿߡ
ԣҶǳı
ɱ
ҶǳеĺڽϵոΧལӶԱ
ʮһٸһǧ
ԽԽ࣬ལӶŵˣڿҶǳʱڿһħһѾû֮ǰķ񣬲Ҽˡ
ɱ
ѾǧˣǺĲ
Ǹħ

ལӶŵ˶Ҷǳɱˡ
ųལӶŵһλųɵô
УСսĳལӶųһ漴ʶɨ·ɫʱ䣬г˲š
ǧˣһʧǧˣһսôࣿôܣལӶŵųҲŴˡ
ãҶǳֻɱһǧˣͻĹڵսȻΧɱ
ڣǶʧǧˣҶǳȻնɱӶŵˡ
ȥ˶ˣҶǳδػ
ལӶŵųҧҧմһˣ
˵գ뿪Զ
Ϊ֪ߣҶǳֵġ
𣿡
Ҷǳ̧ͷŷߵĳལӶŵų¶һ˿Ц
ܹɱһǿӶţһսҶǳ԰ˡ
ΧĳལӶŵˣų֮󣬶ʱ˿׷׳Χȥ
ҶǳҲûмɱǣϾҲȵش̼ལӶŵųԷҪƴˣСҲˡ
أСӶ£ͣҶǳߡ
߰ɣӦû˻ˡҶǳ΢΢һЦСıϣǵķ·
ʱǱһ˻
ţҶǳͷһʱһֻ޴ĺӥǺӥıϻվһӡ
Сӣ߲ưëɫ
ӥٶô죬ֻӭսˡҶǳǺӥٶȣʱ֪СȲǺӥϾСޣôڱȷݵٶȸ졣


225 
ݣ
޴ĺӥٶȷǳϾǷޣеٶȿ϶Ҫǿޡ
Ҷǳϲû¶֮ɫΪëѾ˵ˣͷӥʵֻһս۷徳磬ǾСĶ֡
վںӥϵӣȻϢɭ£ë̽£Ҳֻһһս
Сܵסӥһһսҿɲ塣ҶǳţûмܣͣȴӵĽӽ
ڵʵƾԺһսһս
ëʵڴﵽս۷֮Ҳһսһս
ֻҪмսǶ塣
СӣһϢЩŹֻ֣һս磬ÿĥһ㣬˵Դ̼ͻƿ̤ս硣ë
Ҷǳ˵ͷ¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ
սƿѾܾˣоҪͻˣǲһ㣬Ҳͨһսܹ
ৣ
ӥ٣һѾҶǳǰ
վںӥϵĺӣȫں֮У۾ñסֻ¶һŲ԰׵ͱ촽ԵЩа
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ҶӺõɫǳš΢΢ǣЦ䣬˲ëȻ
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Ҷǳ۾һУһȻԼܾˣʲôĿģ
£ҶǳǰôãΪǸͣΪʲô
ҶӣϢºǹ¼ҹһûмκţûмκκҪ£㡣΢΢Ц
ҶǳʱȻ츳ʵҲȷܶ£
ֻǣҶǳֻѧԺʱκ
ǰȻЩŹ֣ǶԷԼôã;ܻȥһͷڹӥĳ⣬ҶǳЩøеġ
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ƺҶǳ̬ȣǲ԰׵ףҲӿֳһĨЦ˵֪ҶǷ֯
˵𡮵ϲɵ¶һ˿Ժ
ҶǳëУȴһ
ë˵֯
һ˲䣬ë۾ǰĺӣһ˿ɱⶼ¶
ѹһϵϢеϤԭ˵£Ļëɱ
һԵҶǳȴƵĺܺãһû𣬶ʱ˿ɮһĹľܹơ
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ԱߵĻ˵ںӵʱһɱˡ
ӽµĺڹӥҲˣɱ޵ԡ
ֻǣӸ֪ëΪɱ⡣
ǰŹҶǳ漴ҡҡͷ
Сӣϻˣë˿Ѿˣڴ˵£ֻһ֣Ǿǡɱ
Ҷǳ˵𼱣ֻһ£ɱٶ඼ûãȽ˵׳һڡϢ
СӴү㱻ŭԴˣԣƤܲҳĴӪëȻæ
ëǿ뵽һģֻΪ˵£ԹеŭһûӦ
ҶǳʱɮһĹȴ侲ˡ
ֻӰȻһЦҶӣûֻ֣Ҫ֪֮Ǿǡ£ֻǡһССķѣǡǿ󣬸ģЩ˵еսңǡҲ塣
ʲôҶǳ
ɲװģʵ̫ˡ
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֮ǵĳλصսʼĳҲǡˣ
Ҷǳɵ𺳡
ǺǣôҶӣ츳ܲδΪսʶ⣬ǡδĳɾͻߡӺҶǳ𾪵ӣЦ˵


226 
ǰĺӣҶǳЩ𾪣û뵽˾ȻԼ롣
ߣСӣϵˣκԣǲܼë
ģĳˣҲҵĳˡҶǳ˵ôʱദѾëԼˡ
ү˼ëǻ쵰û˼ˣ¶ҪȻΪĻ֣֮Сǻ쵰ļͽܣܲĻ֣ҲƵĶҩҲաڡ֮У˵գ˭Ҽ롣
ôݶ
ҶǳԾԼͽܶôƣǷ
ǾֻܶˣҶǳ漴˵
ëֹʹӦֻҪ㲻û¡
ҶǳĿһҪǱڡȻҳӪλãԺָΪٱ𣿡
ëЦ쵰ܶսҵ˶޲ɱϳǳΣһֱûб˷֡үԺҪ𣬾Ҫҳϳ츳ʵǿˣ϶лϳ
뻢ıƤҶǳȻеΣա
ٺ٣Сӣ𣿡ëЦҲûкôСԴСӵٶȾͻ졣
ҶǳЩĶôǿУô϶õܶĺô
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ȻҶǳı֣Ц˵û£ţһǡǵᳬҵģ˵ԺһҪЯء
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Ҷǳʱ˷ܵؽӹˣ΢һöɫĽָеһɫġ֣ɵɻʲô˼
ЩĽضҶǳ˵ҶӣǵԱΪΣλߵı־ʹߡʹͽöָıݣһԣֻдﵽս𣬲öָ츳̫ˣ֯ǰöָҲĴ
ûöָҶǳü
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磬ô죿ӣǳÿһ롮ˣҪҶǳæϵë
ëҲģ壬ӵǻĿǣ˻Իͷȴԣʱһ£һء
ŪˣҪĶҶǳЩɣɲùˡ
Сӣͷİɣ֮䣬ûʲôԿ𡣶СӣѾں̫ͺССĻûôı£սˡëο
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Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴źӣ㿪һɽ㿪ʼѧϰ
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ò˵ЩȻܹ꣬ǿǿս
쵰ӣȫһ·ҪΪսԱȼɮһˡëҲ棬һޣӲûзҲ֪˻
ս½սΪս֮ǳΪսΨһһ·
ɮһȴ辶ĹľҲʹþսٳһ·
λǴ׳꣬սҲһ·
ֻ·ߣûн۷壬ľսˡ


227 ִ
Сӣ⹦㵹ǿѧһѧⶫֻ꣬ͬɮһĹһԤ壬ǿΪүҲԿǿˣү˵Ժܹһ¥̤ս񾳽粻⡣ëЩ˷ܵ˵
Ҷǳȴüͷ磬㲻˵ⶫҪ㻹
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ҶǳѾӡһ˿˿ɫаޱȣ˷ϯȻա
Ӽ״ص˵ͷ
ʱҶǳڵϵ֮Уһźɫ𽥳͡
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Ҷǳæʵǰ֪롮ʲôҪУҪ֪֯ȥʲôط
΢ЦҶӣ⣬ţ֯һ㲻ʲôڵΨһǺúʵֻǿˣܸõλ˷񡣵Ȼʲô֯Ȼҵ㡣ģս½һжǡƿ֮£ȥʲôط֪֯
Ҷǳİľʵ̫ˡ
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΢΢һ£漴̤źڹӥʧС
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һëϵĻʧˣǣЦ壬˵ûκΣ
Ǻǣ̫ϡˣҲõ»ӵ𡣡ҶǳЦ˵ͬʱҲðȵ̫𣬽ڵЩ߸һճɿա
ڷ˲̫ΪԵֱǻǡ
СӣǼһﴫڸǵĻֻǰ㣬ݱү֪һΪŲ㣬ûеõǻ쵰һ֡үƣ˵㣬ͻᱻǻ쵰нϳȻȷû֮󣬲Żᴫ㣬ϻ쵰ءëЦ
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ʣʵҶǳڳϵǰʮˡ
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Ϊǲȷ۹ĻǷ£ҶǳϾţ۹ҵע⡣
ҪǻҶ׼£ҶǳȴȥɱҶǳ㲻
ңЩмս͸߼սҲǱǷҶǳһ·ǶȻѾµҶǳĿġ
ǾǽѧԺ
츳ٸߣҲҪǿߵָͽ̵
ҶǳɢţҪߵĸߣֻܼĳ߽ѧԺ
ԣ˿жϳҶǳ׼ѧԺ
һҶǳѧԺ츳ԳΪѧԺϯѧԱʱ򣬾۹Ҷò
ԣԽǽӽǣҶǳԽȫˡ
ѧԺѧԱǣڰעҶǳ֪ս½Ŀĳţǲ׼ѧԺ
ѧԺԺЩǣоһ˿ѹΪ֪һҶǳǵĵλҪһ㣬ԺҪҶǳŵľ޴ѹˡ
ѧԺЩ߲㣬ȴǺڴҶǳĵϾţ֮ð
ڴﵽǣ
һ죬һɫӰϿ֮УȻ󻺻䣬¶һͷ޴ĻӰ
ңһ꣬һֻûëļͷǵı
ϣʱ˽˵ע⣬һЩسǵʿ̲ס˹
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ӳǾҶǳĺᰡ˵ʮ꣬ģֱһû޷ȻԵסսǿߵһһسǵʿҶǳıӰ̾
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ԭˣѹֽзԸ
ӳͷİɣˣǿɲǡ
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뵽ԽϵЦݸŨˣЦ˵ҶӲض񣬶ˣҶƲŸոյִǣȴȥͷϢɡ
ǾͶлǰˡҶǳ˵ͷ
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ڸׯ԰
ԽЦ˵Ҷӣϵǿ߾סҶ츳ģǰסˡһλܼңʮŮʲôҪܷԸǡ
˵ͬʱĹܼѾõϢʮŮҶǳǰˡ
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ǰ忼ǵȫҶǳص˵ͷܼҵȷܺã⡣
£Ҷǳǰ
վһԣ˵Ҷӣׯ԰ռ˰ƽУ¥ռƽǰ滨԰ռƽռƽ
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ҶǳִǵʱѧԺڣѧԺ߲㣬ЩѧԱǣȫҶǳ
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⻹츳ȴûָѧԺǧǣ
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ֲǰ׳գ֪ѧԺĺô𣿱Żĳ
ȤˣҪǼѧԺԺǰǼһƾҪˡ
ԺһϯѧԱ˾ܹδĶ֡
˵˾ܹѾ̤սˣڳʮ壬ӦÿԳǰʮˡ
ҶǳǶ٣
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˾ܹ⣬ԺûĶ֣̫СˣΪѧԺĵһ˵ġ
ѧԺҪˣǺǣ

ѧԺڣǲٳϣͥԺ֮У֮У̸ܿҶǳѧԱǡ
ЩѧԱֵ̬ѧԺЩʦǣȴһڴѡ
Ժǲȥ¥ҶǳѧԺ
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ǣҲ֪ѾѧԱʱˣǲν
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һԺͬһλԺ̸ҶǳֽչԪѧԺǿһԺ
ҶǳҶǳʮ꣬ͬҲǳµ۹ҿҲһ
չԪ¶һ˿Цݣô˵ӦþҶǸˣţˣȻܾҶ룬ҶȴһƼšµ۹Ĺ壬Ҳ޷ѧԺˣô϶ǷƼţԲŲԶǡ
һҶǸһݴ񡣲Ҷڱչسս磬ʱֻܴɸȥҶǳҷ͡
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û취Ҷǳʮ꣬ͳ嵽˳ʮ˾콾ȻĿ
οڴ֮ǰҶǳµ۹й壬Ѿ½ˡ
ԣҶǳոס²ú󣬾в˴Ҷǳˡ
УЩ˱¥棬ý롣
һЩˣ¥ҲֻܾҶǳˡ
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֣ĺѣʱǳҶǳҸһѧԺƼš
˵ҶǳѧԺֹû
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ҶǳĻһߵëæСӣܾǵЩ룬ȴΨӼˣҪЩ֪϶㿴ǡ
ǰȻҲǣҲûҪǡҶǳ˵ͷ漴ǰ¥Ա˵ˣֱӸ˵ˣǹ죬һȥݷá
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һԵëԵú˷ܣȻڼ
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ֻҪһ̤ս磬ʵͻᱩ࣬Ͼʱܳ״ڵһƽ֮ţȫͷųеĴʱǿ󵽲˼顣
ԣҶǳڴ

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ңҲһǧʯҪ֪һʯ൱һڽҰ⻹мС
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ǺǣҶǳһЦ
Ҷӣ룬үѾüˡæ˵
үѵǷǰĸףҶǳ뵽漴뷽
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СѾͱ˵Щ׻ˣȱɣϷʹֶ飬һˣԸԳˡչԪˬһЦ
ˬķչԪҶǳҲ¶Цݡ
չԪΪսһ֮Ȼûһӣʵѵá


231 ý
УչԪףԱ꣬һҶǳһҲҶǳ˶١
Ů֮󣬾һһˡ
չԪЦſҶǳ˵ǳϷȸһ£СһֶĶӣҲϷӣһȻϷкܶ࣬С츳õһǶˣԺཻ
˷չԪĻҶǳɵÿ꣬΢Цŵͷ֣
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Ϊҵĵϵӵܣһ츳õһˣаģǺͶҶǳȴ¶һ˿
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ⲢҶǳ԰ʮ;гʮ˵ܳΪս˭ܳΪս
ǳ֪ǣǷ׼ѧԺչԪ漴ʵտտضҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ǰҲ֪飬ҲֻϣѧԺˡ
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Ҷ֣ҲСѧԺѧԺпԺһսţ˾ܹѧԺϯѧԱһ漴˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˾ܹ֪ʮǺܾǰˡ
˾ܹԴӳΪѧԺϯѧԱ֮󣬾ѾҲֵĻᣬʵﵽʲôزû֪϶ǰǿˡ
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ڳϵ϶Ҫǰٽһ
գҶǳ΢΢ЦѧԺս½ѧԺ֮һҵȻС˾ܹҲѾãлдһ£Ҳҵҡ
ǺǣлģϾһɽݶѧԺ㲻ȥҲģϾϯѧԱֻһһЦͬʱҲЩڴ֪Ҷǳ˾ܹ˭ǿһЩ
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ʱ޳ͣˡ
һ۾һ漴ЦҶ֣ǵˡ
ŶҶǳ΢΢ͷͬʱЩ棬ŷһ޳
һ޳Ҷǳ㿴һûʵĽһԲεĴ¥ǳƯ
кܶ࣬һȲǿߣǹ塣
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˵գҶǳ΢΢һЦͷһ߽
ӣˣ֪Ҫ˭սһʹߴӭЦݡ
һֵǴѹ棬ҿһ˫˷
ɣǸպûһ˫˷ţλӸɡʹЦ漴ǰ·
Ҷǳü֣ڿ˵𣿡
ٺ٣Ҷ֣֪𣿡һʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵ҵȻ֪󷨵һ֧ͬڹ󷨣Ҳͬڷ󷨣ͬ󷨣ȴص㡣ңһǵľ־ܵӰ죬ʵǿûá
û뵽Ҷ־ȻԻ˽⣬һЩȡ
ҶǳаЦЩë˵ģëʦȻҲǼġ
Ҷǳǣһʲô
һ漴˵Ҷ֣ǽһ޴ĻУң޴Ļ֮УкܶСͻЩСͻͻһһ鲼ġþ硯Ƕý硯
ý磿Ҷǳ΢΢Ծ
ë͸ý磬ܹγɻýĻǶǷǳµĻ󣬲ʦֵ
˵սȥΣա
Ҷ֣ǿͨЩСͻý磬ȻֻǾУ档ý統УȻӵźʵ൱ʵڻý֮Уǿɵսõ˻ΪڻýˣҲֻʵеǾЩƣ۶ѣһ˿һ˺
һЦ˵Ҷ֣֪ʲôط˰ɣ
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ǣʵ֮УһսΣյģϾһ˭Ҳܿƣ
ңʵս˫ǵˣҪ˴˿ƣԷӳȫʵô죿
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ܺ޹˼ɵսսԼˡ
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Ҷǳ漴ʵ
һһ㶣漴ЦҶ֣ˣʦǿǴ˵еս½ѾܾûгֹˡڵĴͻʵ۹һϵżзֵģҲȱ˲٣۹λʦŬ޲
ԭˣҶǳȻ


232 ʮ˲
һҶǳͷһһ
յģֻ󣬲аڷţڻģԷһԲεˮ
ʹߴǽ֮󣬾͹غţ漴뿪ˡ
ҶǳȤشǰһģһģǸˮһ
һԵõĺģȻϥ£̧һֻ֣ǰˮϣתͷҶǳЦҶ֣Ȼо̽ˮ򣬱ܹý硣֪кܶɻ󣬵ǵý֮ͻˡ
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һҶ֣㻹֪۹˳ǿ߶Թˣ˶ֻܴһ㣬ֻгǰʮǿߣǿͨصڶ㣬ڵ㣬ǳһλϱսûͨڳϣǰʮаնԿսɱǲ²⣬Ҫͨ㣬ǿµսʵС
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Ҷǳ࣬ʮ˲Ϲʱŵġ
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233 
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֪ܷ񴳹㣿Ҷǳ뵽
ڵĲ㣬Ҷǳˣǵоս۷пܴĹȥ
ԣ㣬ҶǳĿꡣ
ҶǳҲûжģϾһЩһս޷㡣
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漴Ҷǳͷһǰʮ˲ȥ
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һЦ˵Ҷ֣֪Ϊʲôôʮ˲𣿾ңҲÿһΡ
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ҶǳѾ֪ýãɵ΢΢Цڻý֮УǲԿԲϵشʮ˲սϵĥԼ
ԣҲΪʲôкܶսǿ߶ԭ۹սǿߣ᲻Զļ۸ܸߣһСʱҪһƷʯһ˿ò𡣡һ˵
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Ҷǳʵˣ֣һжٸ䣿
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ҶǳĿɿڴ
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ҶǳԵ˵ͷ漴Աߵʮ˿ʯȥʮ˿ʯʮ鶼ǿյġ
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ϾҪɱһڹǻϵӵսʵˡ


234 
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235 ˾ܹ
Ҷǳڵ֮нĥʱʮ˲ķһѾ𾪵Ŀɿڴˡ
ʮˣѾȥʮˡ
һ۾ǰĵʯг𺳣ҶֽʮӾʹ˵ڶ㣬ѾȥʮӣҶѾڵ֮гס˶ʮˡ
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Ҷǳߣ˾ܹΧۣ΢΢һ䣬ǳһĨЦֱ뿪ˡ
ҶǳȴűӣЦؿԱߵķһʵ֣ʲôʱ򰮳ͷˣô֪
Ҷ֣ǣЩһﶼڼ츳뿴֪ڵ˶ʮӣ֪Ǹθ롣һЦ
߰ɣʱӦòˡҶǳҡҡͷ漴һ˳˻ý硣
һҲ˳˻ý硣
ͬʱڻһ˫˷֮УҶǳͷһͬʱ۾һЦ
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ֻҪϯѧԱûȤҶǳҡҡͷ


236 
ҶǳĻһЦҶ֣㵹ǻҪ㣬ΪϯѧԱǺаģ
Ŷʲôԭ𣿡Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ʵ
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ҶǳһţһҲվͷһŻȥ
ֻһߵҶ֣˵Һ˾ܹǲʱѧԺģʱΪҵԭ׾ӵкܶԴ˾ܹڵļʵԶԶȲǷңԴҲͱȲңʱΪԶԶҡǣΪϯѧԱ֮ΪͿʼǣڶѾңһսˡ
ԣҶ֣ҪʵûһϯѧԱֻҪΪϯѧԱӵõԴʱټ츳治δжôǿ󡣡
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ǵȻǮͨЦ˾ͻƵս磬ʵѾѧԺǸˣһڵĳٳ嵽пǵڶ
ߣ꣬һǸϼһ͵ʮ꣬ʱҪ񣬵һҵˡ˾ܹȻ˵
ǵȻһλӣ˾ġߣΪף˾ʮ˲չ֣ǽ첻顣ǮͨЦ
˾ܹ΢΢һЦ

ܿ죬Ҷǳʮ˲ڶϢѾǴ鿪
Ҷǳܹڶû⡣
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ԣһʱ䣬Ҷǳȶȿʼˡ


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ڵ㳡һĸ򣬴ﵽ⣬ηŽɫָɫָɫָͰɫָָֽƾѧԱǵı´ֻҪõָֽеһܳΪĴѧԱ֮һҲʸԺõԺǵָ㡣ҪõʲôԺָ㣬ǾͿܹõʲôĽָˡõǽɫָôͻõѧԺԺָ㣬ֻѾܶûѧԱܹõɫָˣѧԺϯѧԱ˾ܹ񣬵Ҳֻõɫָѡ
ſٵĻҶǳ㳡ڵĿģһĥѧԱҲǲѧԱʵĵطԴЩȤ
󱦵أһء
Ҷǳɵʵʦһأʲôطأ
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Ҷǳ̾վ𾪵Ȼоħ𣡡
غϡеս½ϣ֪Ļǵػ𣬱Ͼ֮һһֵػ𣬹ܶ˶õػԹڵػĸͣҲġ
УҲйĳ𣬻аԵ߾Ի𡭡
һֵػУֵػ𱻳Ϊػ֮УΪֵػ
ǾǾħ𡢿ľ𣬻ħ


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շֻ棬ôӵħ֮壬ʱ򣬿Խսʤˡ
ңȼվѪƴ߶ֻ棬Խ

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һ̫ˣѧԱĳƺţѧԺмû˵õˡ

ΧЩѧԱǴҴҸǸϵôæ·ҶǳߣûзҶǳ
ȻҲΪҶǳҪѧԺúϴһһ·ЩϤˣ治һӾϳ
ϾˣǴӳĻʶҶǳġ
ûǻ˻ģһ¥ԶԶҶǳӣٻȥơ
һ˻滭ٸߣҲ
ֻ˵ǺҶǳ߳ƣϸȻϲ
ȻҶǳëСǿ϶ᱻһϳϾһһһǣʵ̫Ŀˡ
û뵽ô־ȻΪңǺǣ
ҶǳΧ·ѧԱĽ̸ɵҡҡͷȻʧЦ
Щ˾ȻΪġ
ҶǳҲûô࣬ϾҲ֪ԼܴҪ͵϶͵ġ
ȻҶǳϲָߵƣ͵͵㳡Ҳ
ģʵģ˼ȻҪǾǿɣᡣ
΢΢һЦҶǳֱŵ㳡ȥ
㳡ǳ󣬿ˣȴΪ
ҲԳ֮Ϊ廷
Թ㳡ΪΧһȦΪһõİӲֻ࣬õİʮ㳡ֻ廷
ң廷ڵĵɫɣһǽɫģͬƽһӲӵģâҫۡ
ڶɫһƬ̳ɵĴء
ǺɫģĻǰɫģ廷ɫġ
廷ҲΪ򣬵ֻ̤ĻܳΪ㳡ĴѧԱҲͿԽΪԺѧԱˡ
廷Ҳڿ˵󷨺׵󷨵֮ڡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷգʱһס
Ϊ㳡ϵǷǳģǺѹѹƲ棬ǵŰǳ¡
ңһ˴㳡ĻͻܵЩ׵Ĺ
ΪˣѧԺȻѧԱȴֻİټʮ˴˵Ļ


240 ˣ
ְ㳡ѾܾûôֵģǸҶСӵͷܴ󰡣
ɲЩСһﶼǳģãڶûǶڸɵš
Ǻǣе

ڵ㳡ĲԶվһЩӺٸѧԺʦȫһɫսʮˡ
ȻҲעҶǳġ
⣬ڲԶһЩ֮ͤУҲۼһЩƲѧԱ
Щ˶ԺѧԱһеٮٮߣһС
ֵǣѧԺϯѧԱ˾ܹȴûѵһҲעҶǳ
˶ҶǳһѧԺô϶˾ܹľ֣һǿľ֡
ν֪֪ˣܰս
˾ܹûԼδǿְ
Ҳۼ⣬Ǯͨ˲ԺѧԱеǿߣͬҲ˾ܹĴӣ˿νǴһӵģ˾ܹ̽Ҷǳʵ
˾ܹԼΪİȻп϶ҶǳֳܱϾѧԺϯѧԱҶǳڻֻһ
֪˾ܹ˼ɵһЦ
ԣǮͨõֶΡ
֣Ҷôڻûȥ¥ʱ¥Ѿ˵ѧԺ˰һͤУһΣ㳡ϵʵ̫࣬ûëСĳУû취һҵҶǳ
ԱЦ֣㲻ҪżҶֿ϶㳡ģھͶŵĻ廷̫࣬ҶˣҲֲˣЩԺѧԱĻ
˵еһ˵ͷ漴Ŀ⳯ŵĻȥ
ʵϣ˿˵Ŀ⣬Ļ
ԺֻİټʮˣȥЩչģԺ;ľģԼԱ߹ۿ⣬˿ֻмʮԺѧԱڵĻ
⼸ʮԺѧԱ˶ʶȻҶǳ
ΪʱҶǳڵ廷ڼǧ֮УȻû˿õ
ƱʯͷһѹЩ˾ٲά裬Ƭ̶ѣ˵Ļˡ
Ҷǳһ廷ܵһɾ޴·𱳸˼ʯͷһ
⻹ǵ廷û׵
һЩһսͶս֪Ѷˡ
⣬㳡ÿһͻ֮Խ棬Խ
Ҷǳйһ£սΪ廷һ롣ҪĻµս۷壬սʵС
ѹѧԺԺѧԱʵҲսҶǳ뵽
˵ȴǲֵһᡣ
ҶǳʵǿǿĻ̫ͺҹҹİټ壬Ѿ֪жôǿˡ
ʱҶǳͬͥɢһ㣬ŵĻȥ
ιֵܣЩҲ￴Ҷǳ㳡𣿲Ѿ㹻ˣûҪǰ洳ˣǰ̫ǰһ㣬ǿ¼ֲ˶þ͵˳ȥˡ
һú׳˶ѧԱԱ߸Ҷǳ˵
ȻûϳҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵Ҷǳʲôÿģ㳡ġ
׳˶ѧԱһ㶣漴һĴָҶǳıӰ˵ֵܣ⻰̫ţˣ㡣
Ҷǳ漴ǰȥ
׳˶ѧԱ˵ȴԱһѧԱסˡ
ʲô׳˶ѧԱɻؿԱߵѧԱ
ԱߵѧԱ˿ѾĿɿڴؿҶǳıӰתͷ׳˶ѧԱһۣ׳հûϳ˭𣿡
˭׳˶ѧԱһ㶣漴ҶǳϧֻܿӰˣҶǳˡ
ԱѧԱɵЦǰ׳գȻҶǳǲҶǳģ˼Ҷվǰ㶼ûϳ
ʲô
׳˶ѧԱ۾һɣ漴ҶǳıӰ𾪵˵Ҷǳ
϶ˣҼǵóĻ񣬺߳ơң㿴ӣ廷ڣֱͬͥɢһ㣬ܹʵټӣ϶Ҷǳˡ
ԱѧԱ˵
ͬʱҲһЩѧԱĻ׷׳Ҷǳȥ۷׷
νһʮʮ٣ٴǧ
ܿ죬㳡ѧԱ֪Ҷǳˣ׷׳ıӰȥ
ʵϣҶǳ˿ѾҪִĻˣҲֻܿҶǳıӰ
Сˣ
㳡ԶȺѧԺʦ㳡ѧԱǵۣ漴ҲͷҶǳɵ¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ҷ֣ͤУһսȭͷ˷ܡ
˵ӰǮͨͿǲʵһͤУǮͨҲվ㳡ϵҶǳ
˿̣˵Ŀ⣬Ҷǳϡ
ҶǳҲ̤˵Ļ
ɫĵ棬ԵЩʥ࣬ȻҶǳո߽ʱһɫͷ˹
ڸǼʮԺѧԱ˵ѾϤˣǷ׷״߶սЩ׵磬Ҫɢ
ҲǴķ˶
ȻҶǳȴǲ㲻ûУֻǱ˫֣ǰȥ
ǵɫ磬ֱҶǳϣҶǳϵ·ˣȴû˵Ҷǳ
ϧ˲ҵҶǳ΢΢һ׵ҡҡͷǰȥ
ڸһöɫĽָûȥ
ѧԱҪġ
ҲѧԱǽѧԱ
Ҷǳɵسһ׵Ĺȴڳ˶ɵˡ
ţ㳡ϴһƬ
ȻӲס׵Ĺ
һжô̬
ӣֱƵġ
ֻʮô̬ôģ
˵֮ǵͬ׽Ƕлͭ佨һЩţڿˡ

ЩѧԱǣ¶˼Ŀ⡣
ЩԺѧԱǣҲһ֮ɫ
ҶһȻˣᣡ֮ͤУһЦ
ɲڵҶǳ˫֣ͬͥɢһţƾЩ׵Ĺڣɲˣ
µʵڳˡ
ԶȺѧԺʦǣҲĿɿڴš
СһȻЩֶΣ
¥ΪʮȻûŪ
ټ츳֮ͬУ˭Ķ֣
СһΨһȱΪͣս磬ʮ꣬ǰûָ㣬ûжԴѧԺҪ˶ãΪܸˡ
Ҹ˵˴ӣһԺ䣬ѧԺͿѹѧԺˣ

ЩʦǶѧԺģԿԼѧԺѧԱ֮гһôţȻ¶˷ܵЦˡ


241 ڶ
㳡ϣҶǳƾǿͬͥɢһ߽˵׵糯û˵壬սûжãȫӲסˡ
ǿʵڳˡ
ѧԺѧԱǣЩԶսʦǣȫ֮С
ǵУֻҶǳһӰ
ȫĽ㡣
ߣǿԹû˵˿Ϊսģǵĸս÷˾ܹѾﵽս磬ֻһССս޷ֲġ
һ֮ͤУǮͨŵ㳡ϵҶǳЦ
ļѧԱͬظš
ȻǶ֧˾ܹһġ
ܹѧԺԺˣǰ׳ա
ȻǱϸǮͨУȻҶǳıֶ𺳡
ߣ죡
ԶһͤеķһǮͨĻɵЦһ
漴һЦǶԺѧԱڵ㳡ǰĴ˽⣬ظĴÿԽһҪܵ׵缸ʮǿҶڵסҲ㲻ʲôѾˣǿȻڿ֧ţӦõĿ°ɡ
ŷһĻѧԱ˵ͷ
ɫص˵ͬս۷Ϊڵƴȫߵһ룬ÿһߵĺܼѣԺҶжôǿ󡣡
ڵ򣬹ǹǿҵȾٲάˣ˵вʱص׵Ҷʵ̫ǿˡ
ϣҸ˵ҶΪ磬ܻýѧԱĳƺˡ

ѧԱ˵
ܹѧԺԺѧԱһ֮ӣ˵Ĳǵݣǵ츳ʵ
ƾϵߺŽѧԺĲûУҪԺǿϵǲС
Ϊǰ㳡͵סЩƾϵķֻţܳΪѧԺԺѧԱ
ˣЩ˵۹⵱ȻȻܹóҶǳı̬
ϾԶսʦǣͷ޲ѡ
ʱڵ㳡ϣҶǳѾһˡ
ٶȲ죬Ȼȶţƽ·һ˫֣ͬͥɢ
ЩǱΪЩ׵Ȼ˲ͷҲ˲ˣϾͷһǿģֻϵ·Ͷ׵ˡ
ˣڳˣûиҳЦġ
Ҷǳʵڳ𺳡
̧ͷɨ˲ԶȺԼʦһۣҶǳǳһĨЦݣ˵ˣȻѧԺǾбҪ¶һԼʵѧԺӿԼǲŻôѵԴԼ
һ˵Ҷǳˣᡣ

ҶǳˣҪ¶һЩʵֻʵ츳ԽǿѧԺԽ
ҪսǾͱҪѧԺİҶǳգ漴Զĵڶȥ
ͥɢһ˵Ҷǳһ˵ľ𺳵ĿУ˵ڶ
ڶҲ⼸ѧԺѧԱΨһִܹ
ڵһѾмû˽ˡ
ڶ֮УΧڷһЩɫĽָֻҪܳΪѧԺѧԱ
һѧԺԺѧԱ֮УֻʮѧԱʵ͵Ķﵽ˰ս硣
Ҷǳ̤룬ѧԺѧԱǿʮ
䣡
һ޴׵Ҷǳ˶棬ǳҵĵ⣬û壬ҫ۵ĹâΧյһƬ
һ֮ҶǳŲ΢΢һ٣û֮ǰ߶ˡ
ңһε׵繥̫ˣǵȻû˵Ҷǳ壬ȴ״ݻҶǳϵ·϶һЩ©ԶһЩŮѧԱľ
ҶǳҲһ죬æ𸽽һöɫָȻѪȡһսۻϡ
ͬʱ߶սγһɫĻ֣Χס˵ߣҲסЩ׵硣
ڴڼ䣬ҶǳѾ·һɫսۣҶǳʳеĸӢˣԡ׵â֮Уһɫս
㳡ŮѧԱǶѣһ۾ضҶǳĿޱȡ
һսֵˡ
ôΪ·׵ٵˣսġ
ϧˣ޷ļޡ
أȥȫ·ûˣǾͳЦˡǺǣ

㳡ϣһЩѧԱЦۡ
ǲǳЦΪܹͥɢߵڶѧԺʷϣҲΪ漣
һţ˭ҳЦ
Ҷսǿ󣬿ս۷ΪӵеսһľսǿҲûôսɣ
֮ͤУһŵڶҶǳɵһ
Ȼͨʮ˲Ѿ֪ҶǳµʵǱϾûĿù
ԣһҶǳ㳡һúϸ
ڸղҶǳ߶ս·ʱֿµսȻֻת˲һţȴҲ𺳡
治֪ҶôģֻʮѣȻôɲ⡣һвɵþ岻ѡ
ָ߰ţҲֻᾴԼǿš
㳡ĵڶҶǳѾһˣĿǰʮѧԱУŽǰˡ
Ϊڴ֮ǰֻĸѧԱڶһ·
У˾ܹߵԶ˵ڶķ֮
˿Ҷǳɵӣºܴܿ˾ܹļ¼
ѧԱǶԴ˲⣬ΪڳϵҶǳǵʮ˾ܹǵʮ塣
ֻǣ˾ܹѾͻƵ˾ս磬ʵһأ˵У˾ܹҪҶǳǿһЩ
Ȼֻʱġ
ڳʦѧԱǶǳҶǳʮ꣬츳̫ˣԽ˾ܹǺģ˭Ҳ޷϶Ҷǳδĳɾͻжôߡ
л˵˿˵ĿⶼҶǳӰΪҶǳѾ˵ڶķ֮Ҫŵһȥˡ
ܹһ𣿡
ܰɣѧԺûгһѧԱ
ǿ˵Ҷǳ̬սҲ˻ʵпܴһȥ
һöɫָֻҪԳסܹΪѧԺĽѧԱˡ

㳡ϣ۷׷ףǿҶǳӰĿжڴ
Щսʦǣһɴ۾ţǶôԼһܹһѧԱҲеҡ
ϾѧԺѾмûгֽѧԱˣѧԺʦǺΡ
ϾʷϣѧԺǳѧԱģΪʲôǾ˵ǽ̵Ĳãӵ
ΪһʦȻϣΪԼǷǳϣҶǳԳΪѧԱ


242 ͻ
ѧԱ
㳡ڶıԵҶǳ̧ͷĿǰǵ㳡ĺڷʮöɫĽָҲ֪˼ˣ˿ȡá
ΪǴѧԺѧԱĳƺš
ѧԺѧԱǣʦǣУѧԱѾΪ˵
˳Ϊ˽ѧԱɻѧԺӵоصĵλ
ڵ׵ڶ⣬ֻǰյ㳡Ĺһ׵ȵڶǿʮҡ
Ҷǳǰйâ˸
ʱҶǳսѾ߶۷״̬ߵ˵ڶıԵ
ǣһ͵ڶĲʮ⼸û˳ΪѧԱ
һսʦ㳡޷һ
ԣѧԺѧԱʦǵУһ򼸺Ϊһ˵
ܹɹ𣿡
ˣѧԺҪһλѧԱ𣿡
ɣ˵˾ܹͻƾս󣬶ûаһ򣬷ĸԣˡ
ٿǿһһĿ£˵һ̤һ򣬽ᴥ׺һСΣա

㳡ϣһѧԱ۷׷ףȫɴ۾ҶǳıӰ
㳡еֻû׵ֻ̤Żܵ׵Ĺÿʮܵһ׵ĺ
ڵÿһܵһ׵ĺ
ڵڶÿһܵʮ׵ĺ
ڵһ򣬾˵ÿһܵһٴ׵ĺ
׺䶥ǳԿ¡
ҲǼû˴һԭ
쿴ҶǳҪʼˣ
㳡ϣͻȻһ
һ̣˶鲻Խرͣ۾ҶǳıӰ
һ̣س׵Ҳûһ˿졣
ڵڶıԵͣõҶǳ˲һֻ̤˵һ
ʱеƾҷһ۵׵ڸ߿б漴γһٵ첲ִ磬Ҷǳ˲佫ûһƬڵ׺֮С

찡
Ȼǰ׺䶥
ԶѧԺѧԱǾѡ
ĳ棬ʵ̫ˣֱڶɽƵġ
Զ֮ͤУһ۾ɵϴ𺳵ǱЩ׵ˣɡ
׵繥˿£˶֪˿Ҷǳܵ׵ĺбȵڶҪǿʮ
ۼ˿Ҷǳһֻ̤һʱ˵Ӷһס
Ȼǹͻ̫ˣӵб̬Ҷǳ
ţ׺䶥̤㳡һˣ
˵һ˲СһѧԺѵ
˵ǸҶǳǸСһ𣿡
ܵ¥¥۵ˡ

ѧԺԺ󱦵֮һԺڣһЩչصѧԺ߲׷۾Щ𾪵ؿ㳡ķ
һ̣һӰԺг˳һ̤նУܿͳڵ㳡ԶϿգʮӰ֮࣬ҺĻڸ
ۣöս
찡ǶԺչǱ޵ĸԺǡ
ԺǶˡ
˴˵Ժ⣬ѧԺǿ߶ˡ

ѧԺѧԱЩѧԱǿзӰȫѡ
Ȼǣȱսǿߣһӷʮλʵ̫ˡ
ңʮλԺΪ͵ҲսΡ
ǾѧԺս½ǿ
ǣ˿ЩѧԺĸǣ׷׿ŵ㳡һһӰ
һƬҫ۵׵â֮УһӰ֣Ҷǳ
ȻЩ˶֪ҶǳѾס˵һ׵Ѿڵһ
Ǽһ̤㳡ĵһ
ѧԺʷԵʱ̡
ڲԶѧԺʦǣѧԱǣȫѣܡ
ţСһﲻܹս۷Ϊһ츳ѧԺʷϣӦǵһˡ
ǰǼǰǼλһĴѧԱҲھս۷Ǵﵽһģ츳СӾġ
һԺ䣬ѧԺضͷ

һڸԺǶʱЦ̸š
ǵСڳ˶սϵǿߣԶ
˶֪ҶǳԺѧԺǺˣΪѾõиԺϿɡ
˿̣ԶͤеǮͨ˵һҶǳĲˡ
ΪǮҵȻ֪ԺЩԺĿ£ܹõԺ渱ԺϿɣǾ˻ʳ棬¶ҲҶǳˡ
ôǿĿɽǮͨ㲻ˬҶǳҲǰҶǳˡ
ˣ̬ܹģҺԩ޳𣬴Ժ־ˡߣ츳ٸߣҲóɳУʷľſɲ
Ǯͨ뵽
ЩԺɽǲҶǳˡ
ৣ
ڴʱһӰԶһӳ˵㳡Ҵһǿơ
ÿ漴һʺͱ
ţһӰԼٶȴ˵͵ڽżٶȣȻܿ죬Ҫƽڶˡ
˾ܹ񣡡
˾ܹҪһ𣿡
סˣкϷˡ

㳡ϣһѧԱɴ۾漴ڴ
̶ʱ֮ڣ˾ܹѾ򣬽ڶˡ
ҶǳߣҲ֮ǰΪѧԱģ˾ܹŲԶҶǳıӰս˫ȭϬޱȡ
ΪѧԺϯѧԱԼϣԲԼ֮ǰΪѧԱһʲôʸϯѧԱ
ԣ˾ܹԥһˡ
˼
ǵϯѧԱסˡ
˾ܹ츳Ҳ⼸굱жϵȣ̤˾ս磬ҲĿԴһ򡣡
ҿУ

ԶһڸԺЦ̸ţǲû⡣෴ܹѧԱǻྺǸӸˡ
Ȼ˿˵Ļһ
˾ܹ񰡣סˣҶָѹ̫𣿡ͤУһڿ˾ܹͻȻ㳡󣬶ʱ̲סЦü֮ɢһʹͽ
ѧԺЩ꣬һֱ˾ܹѹзǳ
˿̣Ҷǳ˾ܹƵһǳ˷ܡ
ҶְһҪӮһŵһǵɫӰսȭͷгڴ֮ɫ
ʱҶǳѾ̤ڶٶܵһٵ׵ĺ˼û׵ĺС
ʱ׵纣ĵҶǳȻйâɣǴһ͸Χֲ׵֮һǿƣϳ
Ҫ̤ս𣿡
׵֮У漴ҶǳЦ


243 Ϊ
ͻƣ
Ҷǳͻս۷ƿɹս硣
ڿʼҶǳѾһλ߼սˡ
ʵϣҶǳƿѾܾˣ͵ҪͻƵʱ򣬶֮ǰڻýʮ˲һսĺڹһսܵһ׵ѹƣڽǱ˳
ԣʱҶǳˮһ̤ս硣
һ̤ս磬Ҷǳս࣬ڵ澭ҲõǿŽɫսһȦ
ˣҶǳҲõʵһࡣ
߼սмսȻ֮ͬǰңаպһսһսڵңһһսҵĶˣսҲ޾ˡ
Ҷǳտտڵǿг˷ܡ
ս˵һ޴ƿͻˡ
ʵࡣ
ҪǣҶǳоԼڵΪӦÿȫڵƽ֮ˡ
ʱ򣬱˵սսаһսˡ
˵ҶǳͻƵս磬սʵ̫ˡ
һѾûжѹˣ
Σ׹ɢȥ¶Ҷǳ޳Ӱ˫ͬһ㣬Яһɾâǰɨȥ
ʱһȻ£ǽս֮Ҷǳʵǿ࣬㲻ÿƽ֮ţܵסˡ
ΪҪƽ֮ŲܳΪѧԱû뵽ʱͻƣǺǣҶǳЦ
Ȼÿƽ֮ţȻһˣ漴̧Ųٶǰ̤һ
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Ľ£һöɫĽָ
Ҷǳ̧һöɫĽָս£ķ
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ͬʱ㳡ϣҲһ
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ʱˣѧԺٴγһλѧԱˡ
ѧԺʷһ죬Ƕʷļ֤ߡ
ɹˣ
ҶǳΪѧԱˡ
찡ʷ漣

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˵Ŀ⣬Ƭҫ۵׹֮УһӢӰĹâУ·㡣
ûע⵽˾ܹѾ˵ڶıԵǰҶǳӰг˲ŭ漴ҧһ˵һС
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һȵڶǿʮһͻȻ٣˾ܹ͵һ˫ϥǶҪǿͦסˡ
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ǿؿõĶͷкˮ£ҧأҪסȴڲ
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ǿⲻܣ˾ܹг˲ʵŭ
¡¡ʱнһٵ磬ȫ˾ܹ
һ򣬲ҪסǿÿһҪܵһٵĺ
˾ܹţ״ƥս·˵̵ĺˮһ㣬ڴ˷ϯȥ
ͬʱһȭһȭҪֵһٵĺ
һٵ̫ˣ˾ֵܹ˶ʮ磬˾ͱʣµƷȻûһƬ׺֮С
Ҷǳûȣ˾ܹûҶǳô̬ڱЩ׵֮ĸɶʱﵽ˼ޣȻ󴥷˵㳡һֵ󷨣һӵ׺֮⣬ֱӵɵȥˡ
ˣ˾ܹҲܵ˲ƣǮͨ˸ˡ
ΪѧԺϯѧԱ˾ֻܹҪһ֣ͨ˵Ŀ⡣Ǵ˿̣ȴûжٹע˾ܹˣǵĿⶼ˵һҶǳϡ
ս½ǿΪ㲻ķ
ЩѧԱʦУ˾ܹҶǳѾֳʤˣǵУֻʣվڵһ֮еǿˡ
û뵽˾ܹ˾ս磬ȻǱȲҶǳ
˾ܹҲ㲻ˣ⼸Ҷǳ֮⣬Ҳֻܹһֻſһˡ
츳ǲϧ˸ǿҶǳΪϧҶǳһѧԺעġ

ЩѧԺѧԱ̸š
Զ֮ͤУһȭͷ˷֮ɫ˾ܹ񰡣û뵽Ҳн죬Ժ㻹Ҳˡ
˾ܹǮͨߣһޱʹ죬о̫ˡ
֣˵ҶֺϤҽһ°
ǰ֣ҶţһҪΪǽ¡
֣Ҹ¥һ£ҶһףҶֳΪѧԺĽѧԱ

ʱһЩԺĶǿߣ˹ͷһк
Ҷǳէˣʶ
ܹѧԺԺţŲСıϢͨȻ֪Ҷǳͷһһһǡ
ԣҪʶҶǳֻҷһˡ
һƽѧԺԺĹϵǳãЩҲʶһӣЦɣҶϯһףҶֳΪѧԱ
ã
л֣
̫ˣ

ЩԺԶʱϲ
һޱȣһֱ˾ܹѹƣô⣬Ҷǳ
ҶְҵĸǣǺǣһŵһҶǳ뵽
֮ǰүүȥӴҶǳʱȻʱҶǳѾкܴгʮǷһͬҲţټļҺͱʱҲûҶǳжҲ˾ܹɡ
Դڻýʮ˲طҶǳʵٵĵ㳡һѾױҶǳ۷ˡ
ԣھûүүķԸҲһҶǳùϵ

һҶǳڳܹЩĺ֮У㿪ʼתˡ
ܴ󣬶һ繥Ȼ˵ûʲôвԺǿӦû
Ҷǳһߣһ߰뵽
һܴǷǳѵġͬĻջҲǺܴġ
ͺñҶǳǰʯܲһѹեԼǱȻûЩ֮ʵȻһǿࡣ
ʵϣ㳡ĴѧԱģͬҲһĺõطҲᱻΪԺ󱦵֮һˡ
˼ת֮䣬ҶǳѾ뿪˵㳡Χ˼æÿһ·
ЩŮѧԱǿҶǳһʷݡ
ȻǱžηĿ⡣


244 Խ
Ҷ֣ߣ
һҶǳ߳æֱۡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷһۣ漴΢΢һЦŷһڵͤȥ
֣Ҷǳͤеķһ˵ͷ
һЦҶ֣簡һȥ¥أû뵽һڿΪ˾ΪѧԱģǺǣϲˣ¿Ǵһ漣ΪѧԺΨһһѧԱˡ
ҶѣҶǳһǫ˵
һҡҡͷ˵ʵɲǽң㿴Ǹ˾ܹ㱻Ǻǡ
˵˾ܹ񣬷һʱһЦݡ
ҶǳһЦȻ˵˷һ˾ܹ֮Ĺڣֻû뵽˾ܹҲ㳡ˣ⵹Ǽӵظһ˿ѹַһôˡ
ⲻһЦߣҶ֣ΪףѧԱѾõľ¥¾ϯˣҪӡˣ⼸λѣǶԺţҸǽһ¡
ǺǣѵͣҶɲܾҶǳЦЦ漴ŷһһ뿪ˡ
ڵ㳡ķ˲ʱ䣬ʱѾˣǳԷʱ
һõľ¥һѾǰȥžϯˣһ¥ǲ˶ѾϺˡ
Ҷǳһ߳ԣһŷһԺţܹһԺţǿǸոսԺѧԱһѾﵽս磬мǰսء
ЩԺһѧԱˡ
ҶǳҲЩԺźˬؽ̸š
ЩԺſҶǳû˾ܹʢ˵̬ȣǳˣֶţΪҲ࣬Լȥ֮󣬱㶼Ϥˡ
ǳԷʱҶǳΪѧԺѧԱϢѾǣʱǶˣҶǳһγΪĽ㡣
Ϣڳ洫ȥ
͵ҶǳһѧԺΪѧԱǺѧԺһԲŻôĹע
ңʱգҶǳͺܴΪʮţǳţһһܵĹע
˶֪ȵһڵĳҶǳͲǵʮˣҲǵһ
ΪڳһλҲܴ㳡ĵһΪѧԱϾһսˣһսȥ
ҶǳʵѾǿһһսˡ
øţҶǳ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪һսҪսʤһսֻҪԽһˡ
ֻԽһ𣬾㲻ţӵһõһЩǿĹõ
ǴһսҪսʤһһսǾͲԽһôˡ
Ȼսһս֮Ҳֻһ𣬵ȴսս֮ĿȣǲǷǳ޴ģԶһġ
㣬һսҪӵпһսսǾ͵ԽС
ҶǳڲŽսʵȴǿһһսٿԽ弶ˡ
Խ弶ʲô
ǳһΪսǾǿս
Ȼǻ֪ҶǳɲֹԽ弶ô򵥣һڵĻƽ֮ţܶս⡣
ԣҶǳԽࡣ

ԹҶǳûȥѧԺֱӻ¥ˣΪؽս磬Ҫȥһ
ëҶǳһŵʱѾս磬ɵ۾ȵҶСӣôãȥһѧԺͻƿ
ѧԺȷһõطܹôͻƿ˵㳡İæҶǳЦЦ㳡ľë
ë֮˵ͷ˵û뵽ѧԺȺСȻԲóĵطľûԺǵһԿʵˣս磬ǲаճ׿ڵĻƽ֮ˣ
ոڳԷһûԹԿҶǳԾͳźԺĳȥ
ëСڴظȥ
˿̣ҶǳѾڳվãһȻ۾ڵڵƽ֮ųȥ
䣡
һ촫ȫ
漴ҶǳڵĻƽ֮Ż򿪣һɿֲʱ͸ɢҶǳ嶼ڲ
ͬʱһɿµƣҶǳΪģ˷ϯ
ԶëС̲ס˼ƺܲǿơ
ǿƣСڵʵһĶսǿӦôﵽս۷ˡë۾һɣ𺳡
һԵС˷ܵصͺš
ʱҶǳѾرڵĻƽ֮ˣ۾¶һ˿ЦݣѾȫԿƽ֮ŵˣǿǹرգ
ҶǳܸˣԺսʱ򣬻ƽ֮𵽵þ͸ˡ
ƽ֮һ޷رգĴк˲Զرաһʱγ˷ˡ
ڣҶǳʱܹرգʡĶˡ
Сӣ㻹˲ðҿڵʵ൱ڶս۷ˣԽ룬ѾӽսҵЩˡëο˵ܹҶǳߵһҲǳˡ
ӣսҵЩӶԽô༶𣿡Ҷǳһ
ëͷսҵӣһԽ߸һżֻпżǿţСѾżıԵˡ
Խ߸𡭡֪ţһܹԽ𣿰˸ǾŸҶǳ漴Щʵ
һ˵ԽŸˣˣʷҲټֱָڴ˵֮УԽŸϣһħ⾳磬һﵽ磬ǾԽʮ綼⣬ħҲ޵򡣵ȻֻǴ˵Ƿһм䵱УүҲûп˭̤޵򡣡ë˵
ħ޵򡭡Ҷǳһ
Ŭӵս𣬻ƽ֮ţֶΣҲԽѡ
Խʮ
Ҷǳ붼룬ʵ̫̬ˣҪǴڣ˼ֱЬ䣬̫ˡ
Сӣħǲˣһ˵˵Խ߰˸绹ǿеģֻҪ壬ٶںһЩôԽ߰˸Բ⣬ʱսҵЩӶˡë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ʵ֪ЩսܹԽټ
Ҳ߼ûǿ츳ܹΪսʵֹս񣬾ЩսҲԽ弶ֻôǿ츳ǲȡôĳɾ͡ë˵
Ҷǳ԰ͷԼҪŬˣ죬ԽܹѧԺۣ棬ʲô


245 öָ
Ҷǳ¥һսΪʵⲢûлѶʱ䣬ܿƿԼȫˡ
ʱҶǳйӵ㳡õöָһöɫģһöɫġ
ɫĽָҶǳѾѪһȡһɫ۴ϡ
öɫĽָ棬иĶ
һʯһٿƷʯ
ȻҶǳѾһǧƷʯˣһӻôʯȻ˷ܲѡ
ңֻɫĽָöɫĽָȻ
£ҶǳɫĽָѪȻ̽ʶȥ鿴һʱ۾һ˷ܡ
ΪһƷʯ
ˣˣķˣҶǳ̲ס
Сӣôë˹һɻ֮ɫ
𣡡СҲ
Ҷǳ̧ͷ˷ܵ˵ָһƷʯ·ˣ
ʲôëԶʱһѾҶǳеĽɫָöָˣ޷鿴Ķ
ʱëͼˣҶǳ˵죬óǧƷʯƽ֡
Ҷǳһ漴ëЦţЩʯģһҲҪ
Сʲôʱôģë۾һɣЩ˼ؿǰҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ùɫĽָȡһƷʯӡ
ȥɣЩʯҲòˣ綼͸㣬̤ս硣Ҷǳ˵
СģëЩ㶵ؿҶǳƺû뵽Ҷǳô󷽡
ǲҪҾ͸СˡҶǳЦ
ҪүȻҪëԣӶ򣬽Щʯ
ֻҶǳûעëЩʯʱһ˿ж
һƷʯëǰʱǸֵһᡣ
ڣôһʯҶǳ˵ȴһ󱦲ء
ȻҶǳȴԥ͸
ëзǳж
Ϊ޷ˣǸ߰ģҲǹ¶ġ
ëλս۷壬ս½۷ǿߣߴʤûʲôѺˡ
ֱҶǳ
ëʵҶǳò֪ҶǳʦҪҶǳûָʵ
ôʱദǵĸҲǼѣҲˡ
߰ëɲҶǳǰ¶ʲôһĻɵúٺЦСӣ㿴ţȱүս磬츳Ҳָܻһ㣬ʱ൱ǵս
ҾĿԴˣǺǣҶǳЦŵ˵ͷҲʯëĿġ
ëǰսս֮ǰƿʯͻơ
ҶǳͬƿϵһǧƷʯѾˣһƷʯʱҲֻܷš
һҶǳ뵽͸ëս硣
ëܵ䣬츳ܵƣֻԽ
ëΪ츳Ҳὥ츳
ҶǳУһë̤ս磬ôʵ൱мսǿˡ
ëĻ飬ëʵǿˣҲʹʵǿˡ
ˣҶǳźԥذʯëȻҲǵڡ
ˣ
ͻȻëҶǳָеĽɫָ˵СӣöɫָĿռӦúܴɣԱүָı
ָĿռһٳô󡣡ҶǳԶʱЦݡ
ë˵ĺܶԣЩʯöָı
ҶǳǰöռָĿռֻ൱һôСѣһСӡ
ôռ䣬ܹõĶ٣ҶǳŵԴõģټЯĸƷѾռ˴ռˡ
öӵ㳡ĽָǿˣöɫĽָĿռ¥ô󣬶ɫĽָ൱һٳô
öռָҶǳԼԺ۵õʲôװȥˣҲõĽָռ䲻ˡ
ţôĿռ䣬㹻Сõսʾˡ
ë˵ͷ漴תԼȥһܣһ˵СӣүҪչسս磬û±űү
㰲ıչذɣһԸܼңҪ㡣Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵
ս磬ǷǳΣյģΪһ̤磬õ̫ǿˣҲͺΣա
Ҷǳүүۣüγսʧܣ˲ơ
ëûƿҶǳҲûôģԸܼұë뿪¥ǰѧԺˡ
̺Ϊ֮Ҷǳ׼ȥԺˣѧԱݣԽԺ㣬ѧԺԺָ㡣
ǿսʼǿߣ˵ģҶǳЩڴ


246 սͶӰ
һѧԺҶǳѾһô͵ˣǿŵ߹·ѧԱȫһηͳݵؿ
ȻҶǳΪѧԱϢѾˡ
ΪѧԺΨһһλѧԱҶǳһһܵĹע
ֻҶǳЩϰ·ϣһơ
Ҷ֣Ȼô簡ʱһϤӰӱ
ҶǳתͷһʱЦˣǷһ
⼸ͷһദټϷֵĹϵҶǳλҵкøС
ˣһҶǳҲͣЦ˵Ҳĺ簡
ǵȻһ˵ѾһؿҶǳ˵Ҷ֣㣬ôߵ츳ʵȻôŬΪ;ܻôĳɾˡ
˵ĺãһ츳ŷֺˮҿɲ˷ҶǳЦǺǵ
һйâһ漴Ҷ֣˵Ĳٸߵ츳ҲŬСǰܾҵ츳˾ܹһ㣬ԲŲڿֻȱŬһԳ
Ҷǳһ㶣û뵽һͻȻ֣ˡ
漴ЦҲϾǻᡣ
ǰǻᣡһ˵ͷ֮У˸һɷڵĶ
ˡ
ţ˾ܹ˶٣ҶǳһﾪѣʱԼĿꡣ
Ҷǳ֪һзı仯ͷһһԺȥûһǾԺǰ
һЦŻãҶǵһԺɣΪ˲Ҷ˷ѻԵҾ͸˵˵ԺҪע顣
ˡҶǳȻͷ漴
һǼ򵥵ؽһԺ漴ѵҶ֣ǽԺʱƵģİѧԱֻһСʱĺѧԺֻСʱڶѧԱСʱȻҶ㴳˵һѧԺΨһһѧԱԴСʱ
Сʱ㣬ӦĸСʱ𣿡ҶǳȻ
һЦЦЩĽ˵ȷһԺĸСʱŶԣѧԱ츳̫ˣҪܾòųһѧԱѧԺԽѧԱдԺҲһСʱ
ǵǲҶǳЩˣԼýѧԱƺŻǲ
Ҷ֣ȻԺСʱԶǶ࣬ûעһ£Ҫ˷ʱ䡣֪ܲԺʱж󣬵ҿԸ㣬Ժʱ䣬һӣһƷʯ򲻵һ˵
ҶǳһΪʲôһƷʯȻ򲻵Ժһӣ
Ҷ֣ȥ֮ˣʱ֪ûƭ㡣֮ǧ˷ʱ䣬Ҫȥһ㣬ҪλԺָ㣬ҪǰãǧЩ֮˷ѱʱ䣬˷һӣʱҲڵġһѵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ˣȥһעġ
ˣҲҪȥˣСʱһȥ㳡ĥһ¡ҪԺСʱʱͳ緹ˣֱʳõ㡣һЦ
ãҶǳ˵ͷ
漴һͬԺ
ԺȻֻĲ¥ôߣȴܴ󣬱ϾѧԺкܶัԺѧԺֻ
ȻҲѧԺĹͬ
ѧԺֻҪﵽս磬ԶΪԺ
ѧԺΪսδܹΪԺ
ѧԺĸԺѧԺԺֱָɵģûѧԺԺϿɣʵٸߣҲܳΪԺ
ˣѧԺȻֻԺﵽսϵǿ߿ɲֹٲѧԺ٣ϾҲս½ѧԺ֮һ

Ժܴ󣬵ȴĵģһЩʶѧԱҲֻǻ˵ͷûпڽ̸
ϾǸԺǱ޵ĵطǲҳš
ңЩѧԱǶȥҴң˷һһʱ䡣
ΪԺ棬ʵ̫ŨˣŨʮ֮࣬ʵš
һ죬ֵʮˣѹַұ˷ʱ䡣Ҷǳʱ׷һ֮ǰΪʲôҪ˷ʱˡ
£ҶǳǰɨӶȥ
ԺĲַǳÿǰһӣһ֣ͬǹơȵȵȡ
ңЩֵ棬һЩСϸע͡
ҶǳЩС֣Щִʲô˼
ЩСֵĽͣЩֵȣӣסĸԺǾͨһ͵ġ
˵ĳǰŴġ֣˵סĸԺǾͨǿߡ
˷ֹȷЩѧԱһҵԼĿꡣ
ô˵Ӧѡ񡮽ˡҶǳʱˣûмѡ񣬶¥׼һλսʼѧԺԺ
ΪѧԺֻѧԺԺһսʼԺ¥ûзˡ˵ԺĵĲ㣬һӡ
ҶǳԺĲʱһɣ㴫ˡ
ˣѧԺһѧԱ
ܲɣִһ˿翣·Զַ·ڶ׽
ҶǳǰȥʱһɫӰվǰ̨ϣա
ӦþѧԺԺɡ
Ҷǳš
λѧԺԺɢųҵĽ⣬ͬһ̫ô貣ʵ˿ʲôӡ
ҶǳҲֻóһߴıӰǺܲϣֵ׳ӡ
֪սʼ˻ﵽ˼ޣǲ¶̬ģǻᱣ׳塣
ѧҶǳݼԺҶǳ漴
ǰǸɫӰ˰֣Ц˵ö˵վǰҲҵı壬ֻҵһսͶӰѡ
սͶӰҶǳһ㶣Щ㵡
ɫӰЦӦ֪ս磬ս꣬սʾ磬ôսγͶӰսͶӰȻûκεΪͶӰܹʱִκһط˵ңʲôطҵսͶӰִܵ۹ڵκһط
ô棡
ҶǳԸе治ѡ
ҪսͶӰǿʱͶӰµ۹ȥʱԼ޸үүС
ˣھսʾ绹̫ԶЩ֪ûʲôôɫӰ˰֣漴˵ҵıæҪ飬޷ָ㣬ȥҸԺָһ£ұ󣬻ᴫѶġ
ðɣҶǳЦû뵽Լڴ˵Ĳ㣬ȴѧԺԺֻһûκսͶӰ
ƺҶǳ˼ǰĽɫӰЦ˵СӣҲ̫ʧȻʱûָ㡣ȴĲǱŨһٱ
ҶǳһղűǰĽɫӰסˣʱһоʱ¥ҪŨࡣ
һǱŨʮڶǶʮʮĲȻﵽһٱ
˵һ죬ֵһ죿
Ҷǳʱһ˷


247 ɽ
ԺĲȻŨһٱ
Ҷǳ̫ˣҪԺÿСʱΪ벻ѡ
ֱȵֱʯˡ
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Ҷǳȥ̨ϵĽɫӰ漴ɢȥһ⣬¶һߴӰ
Ҫǣϴŵۣžͷ
Ҷǳͻִᷢ˲ѧԺԺǡ
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Ϊս½žͷۣô۵ˣ϶˻ˡ
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˻ʿǿյ¥ݣ漴̨գЦϻƣΪѧԺٵѧԱˣԾͶȥйˣȴĳһλѧԱıʾȻҪٰ㡣
˻һ֮ɫ
ΪԺĵĲֻнѧԱܽѧԺ⼸ûгһλѧԱ
ԣǱ޵ѧԺԺ͵͵ܳȥй䡣
ûҲû˻ᷢѧԺԺȻԺ
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Զڻʹ˻ʣһԺĲ¥вϽԼսͶӰ
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ΪսͶӰֻҪһʱɢ

ʱҶǳѾԺĵ㡣
Ĳ֣͵һһ
ԣҶǳѡһšȣʹҴҸ˹ȥ
棬סǿߡ
ңЩǿߵǰһľϸǿߵһЩϢ
ΪԺסĶǾսĸԺѧԺľսҲֵ࣬һľ͸ˣŽ˶ѡ
⻹Ϊս½˶ֻ࣬ͣһеûС
Ϊ࣬ҶǳҲͲµʱ䣬ֱӰ˵Ϣϸ˱顣
Уע⡣
һ˽ɽһսҶǳĺ棬ΪɽҶǳһؽһġ
һˣҶǳȴ֪֣ΪԷǰľϣһֵĽܶûС
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ڿյģֻϥһ´󺺣һ˫ۣͭȤҶǳ
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ؽһģɽҶǳʵ
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ȻؽģСôֱתתȥʲôɽ漴һۡ
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߼ޣСӵǺôҰģ̰ವӣһֵ·ﲻ۷塣ɽЦ
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ǰλɽǰȻǾսë޷ˣҶǳȻκߡ
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ҶǳĻɽһȻָԼһ仰Ҷǳὣ뷨
ΪͬǽǿߣȻ֪ˣ־ǳǿ󣬲ܱһ仰͸ıĿꡣ
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Ҫ֪Ҷǳս֮ʵһսҪǿ࣬Ҫȫһ㲻ƽ֮ţҲɻٵԺ
ĺˣСӵǵٲԺҪ֪ǵԺһλ󷨴ʦԺǿķ󷨣ԳҲݻٲһשͷɽƺ֪Ҷǳ˼ϷŰ˵
Ҷǳһ죬漴ͷ͵ˡ
˵գҶǳȡռָĺڽһĽ⣬ʱӡ
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˵գɽɫ˵СӣסˣԺǧҪǰʹѽҪǱ˷ѽսʲᶯ⣬ǾսҲ̲סѽ
Ҷǳһ㶣Ȼ֪ԼĺڽϾѽëѾӽƷˡ
ֻǣëʱҲ˵ˣѽһЩСֶΣսҲѽƷʡ
ǰɽǾսѣôῴڽĵϸأ
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ԭˣҶǳȻ
ͬʱҶǳҲԺڽǿǰʹúڽ˼ϳˣǾˡ
ԺǿߣѧԺǿߣҶǳͬһԲҶǳô
ǿߣǾͲ߶ʮһˣǿ϶ܲסڽջ
ˣСӣ춯ְɡɽ漴ȵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴߶ȫսеĺڽȥʱѺڽһ۵ĹâǹĽӰˣһ쫷磬ϯ
䣡
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ÿٶȣɽһ˿죬Ϊؽһǿߣ֪ؽˣȻǿ󣬵ٶȴ
ȻҶǳ˿̵ٶȾȻô죬ʵȲѡ
ˣɽҲֻǾһֻ֣ɵץס˺ڽΧĽɢһգҶǳӶͣסˡ
Ҷǳһ漴Ȼˡ
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248 
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ЩȣҶǳս磬ղһȻﵽһս۷壬ֱ˼顣
뵽ԼѧԺ˽ܳѧɽҲ̲סЦ˵Сӣ츳ɽô꣬Ҳû˭ܹġŶѧԺǸϯѧԱɲ⣬Ҳ࣬ʹǿҲǿ˶٣οҪüꡣ
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ҶǳԼҲţϾѾԳ״򿪻ƽ֮ţӳʵǿˡ
ǸܹԽ߼ﵽսӵĳ̶ȣ򲻿츳ߡ
ȻҶǳҲҽԴʱ̱Ŷ
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ɽ˵գҲ֮ϡ
ҶǳȵؿԶһӡ
ŷ䣬ҲǼûϸܵӣ֮ǰҲҶǳ֮һ


249 ŷ
ŷ䣡
Ҷǳվǰüͷ΢΢һ塣
ǰһľ壬ϸǱǿߵϢ
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սǿԻ꣬ǰѾӽˡҶǳ̾
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ˣҶǳóһƷʯʼ
һǧƷʯԻۡ

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ޱ˻ջĿ⣬һ̾
٣ȻҲҪһͽܣϣԼһѧԼû
ֻǣҶǳСʺԼĴ

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Ҷ֣
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Ҷǳ̧ͷȥǷһ
һҶǳָָԱߵӣЦ˵Ҷˣһ԰ɡ
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ΧѧԱǣȻҲڳԷǲʱ͵ҶǳһĽɫۣĽģмʵģҲгݣȻһ˿η
ҶǳʼѧԺЩѧԱҲͲտʼʱʱҶǳˡ
Ҷ֣ڵĲԺǰ𣿡Ҷǳһķһʵ
ҶǳҡҡͷЦԺǰȥˣڵĲֻһսͶӰ
̫ϧˣҲһЦЦ
Ҷǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
һЦս½֪λսʼǿУΨλԺ⣬Ϊһλ󷨴ʦԣΪ˲󷨣ԺᾭȥȻ
ԭˣû뵽ԺǰȻһλ󷨴ʦĻý磬ĽˣҶǳȻ
ûýԺǰŪġһһѧԺԺ֮ɫ˵Ҫ˵սڴ½֪λսʵУԺһǣԺú󷨣ôλսһԺη塣
ǵǣҶǳ˵ͷ󷨵Ȼ
⿴ý棬ܸܵõ
ˣҶ֣ȻԺڣ˭ָĽһ漴ʵ
ɽǰҶǳ˵
һԶʱĽ֮ɫҶ֣λǰʵԺŽǰ壬үү˵Ƣܱ꣬ô˵õָ㣬û뵽Ҷһ͵õָ㣬ȻŵĴ
ŶҶǳԣЩ⣬ɽЩˬһ˵갡
Ȼ֣ҶǳҲûжʣϾڱǰá
ŷλǰҶǳЩ棬ʵ֣Ժ˽ıҶ֪࣬ǽǱߵŷסλǰ
ŷ䡭Ҷ֣˵ĲǸǰľûнܵǼӰɣһԣʱһ𶯣¶һ˿־֮ɫ
ҶǳӺˡ


250 ħ
ŷ䣬֣֪סλǰҶǳ˵ͷ˵
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Ҷǳɻ֮ɫʲôңǰôˣѵŷǰɱ𣿡
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Ҷǳ
ҶСӣ˰
ϴ˾ܹʮӣֶ֪ã
϶˾ܹСҪǿ

ЩѧԺʦҶǳѧԱǳϲϾҶǳ츳ȺҲ˾ܹͶˣÿμҲ
츳òѧԱĸʦϲ
һѧԺʦǵĿУҶǳѾ˾ľ
ľ˵ףһ¯
¯棬İɫ棬滹һ
һҶǳ͸оһǿƣѹԼ
ֱҶǳڵֿˣҶǳһЩָƽ
漴Ҷǳľ¶һĻȻ֮ɫѹЩѧԱֲ˶ãľħڵʱҵ̫ͺ𳤶ˣѾɳķǳˣһ˸ֵסѹ
֣𣬻ǵػ𣬴ڵʱԽãʵԽǿ
ȻƵػ𣬵һոյôܱһЩ˼Ǽǧĵػǿأ
ǰħ𣬾˵ѧԺʱˣҲ˵һǧˡ
ôĻۣٶȺҲúǿˡ
Ҳ֪ѧԺԺʲôֶշģѵ󷨣
Ҷǳа
ǧĻ֣ǾӵսʼһսǺշġ
˼֮䣬ҶǳǰǷڵİɫ浱УƾЩɫĻûԼ
ҲʱҶǳ־ܵһҹ
ܹ־ս֮⣬Ҷǳǵһμ
ңƵĹɲħ
ҶǳоԼ궼սʮӣ͸оԼЩˡ
ֵ˰СʱʱҶǳ͸оԼҪˣóȥˡ
ҲʱҶǳȻԼڵ̫ͺˣǸԷֳһסԼ꣬ԼѸȶ
Ҷǳ˲ϲ


252 ֱ
ħǳ棬ְɫĻûκεƻһֽղţֱ֮ܳΪ档
ǣְɫĻ棬ȴǿԴ͸Ѫֱ˵꣬սҲܱţǳ档
ǿ°ѹֻᱻΪػ֮𡣡Ҷǳ̾
ػվǵػ𣬻ǱȲ
ҶǳΣʱڵ̫ͺһ𷢶ˣԷһ㻤֣ꡣ
ȻⲻҶǳҪģΪĥԼ־
ԣҶǳ̫ͺķþħĥ־á
ͬʱҶǳ޻ڴʦڸĹԼľ
һСʱʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ȻҶǳܼ֣ѧԺ涨ÿֻһСʱֻεسˡ
һСʱջǳ⣬˾ħİľĺܿ죬־Ҳǿࡣ
⻹һСʱɹԺһСʱҶǳԼһʱ䣬ܺëһﵽľĵһΡֹˮ
ϧֻһСʱҪܹһʱͺˡ
Ҷǳ뿪˾ľ¥ȥˡ
ھľЩʦǣȫˣһ֮С
һСʱ
治󰡣
սֲ˰СʱȻԼһСʱ
˵ˣϴҿһսĸԺֲһСʱֵʮӶѡ
Сӵʲô̫ˡ

ѧԺʦȫޱ𺳡
ܿ죬ϢǴԺЩԺʱЩԺҲˣһ𺳲ѡ
ͬʱǶҶǳӹעˡ
Ҷǳ֪һУѾص¥ˣһ͸һǿϢԼı洫˳ҷǳſ񣬷·һ㶼±֪һ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦȻ֪Ϣ˭ġ
ʣëˣҳɹ̤ս硣
ȻҶǳʱ򣬾ͷëذڰУſشЦүڽս磬үţȱү̤ս𾳽磬ڡ
Ҷǳ̲סЦ磬սжڶǿߣǰκβָս𾳽磬ҲĶ֡
ߣʹˣүǱǼһӡһЩֻҪү̤ս𾳽磬ܻٵˣʱ򱾴үڶʱڻָǰ۷Ϊëŵ˵
ҲҪ̤ս𾳽˵ɣڵ㣬սʻԶءҶǳЦ
ëʱɥҧ˵үҪָսΪأҵս磬һΣ̫ˣдʯ͵ҩиָĵرССû۹˻ʣѧԺԺѾ̤սʾ缸ʮˣҲֻǶսʣߵĿҲǸսʶѡǻǿһ۹ԴΪֻͣսʾ硣
û뵽սϾȻҪôӴԴҶǳʱüͷ
СӣҪǼս½ֻʱˡԣСӳΪս֮һҪޱ޼ʣкܶǿޣǵѪⶼʯ࣬ͬǵΪңĵرǿǱ½ϻҪöࡣңЩսҵǿߣս½һЩսϵǿߣ϶ڴǾͿԻ㹻Դˡ
ë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷһ˿ڴ˵һŬģ󺣡Ҳڴ
ţúɣүҪȥһˣʱ䶼ѧԺҲûʲôΣգòűүߡë˵
ţҪȥҶǳʱһʱëߣÿʲô飬ģΪë⡣
ԣë˵ҪߣҶǳЩ᲻á
үս磬ҪٴΪ⿿ͷǲģóȥѰԴˡСӣھٶԴҲ޵ߵΪԻѧԺȰȫ㹻Դǳʺ㡣ңȱүʱ򣬻ܴһЩöʵë͵
Ҷǳŵͷ㱣أˣҪҪС
𣡡һſڵϵСͻȻ˼ƺ᲻뿪Ҷǳ
ëȴЩɸֵصһۣȻҶǳ˵ȻҪ֮УʵսʵԺǶ׸Уˣ´αүʱ϶ϸ㡣
ĺˣѾаգ֮ڣҾܳΪ߼ʦҶǳŵ˵
漴ҶǳȥοһС˵ëȥ
ȷʵëСﵽս磬ѧԺ˶óȥ


253 Ժ
ëСĶܿ죬ǾȻ뿪ˣǶս𣬶ܷУٶȺܿ졣
ǵİȫҶǳûжٵģΪë̤ս֮ʵѾսˡ
ټϷ˲ë˸߼սҲԱˡ
ң߼սͺ٣󲿷ֶڼŬΪйġ
˵ëСȥĵطʮɽ޵ãкܶǿ棬ǿ߷١
ʮɽǺԶëеٶȣһ˶Ҫ¡
ԣҶǳƣٰ֮ڣǲټëˡ
ϧʵ̫ˣȻȥʮɽҶǳ뵽
ʮɽս½һƬԭʼɭ֣ռǳ󣬶ҿԽ۹۹µ۹۹ǳ𺳡
Ļޡ
ôһƬɭֱ֣޵Ĺȣʲô޶Уս𼶱ʥ޶Уޡ
ë氲˼ҡ
ˣëϤѡΪĳ
ҶǳɣëҪȥĵطëǰϳ϶ʲôλȥΪЩʵ
ȻҶǳҲڴΪëʱ϶һЩԼġ
һ˵ıأ治󰡡
ҶǳԽԽ½ңóʯ

µ۹
˻ְָѩԴҶǳ뿪µ۹֮ѩͺˡ
ңѩȷʵܴټӵкʵĺܿ졣
ѩѧԺڣѾŵǰˡ
ѩ⣬ǼŬ
⺢ӡ
Աߵ˻ʿŬѩȻԼŮʲôЦ˵ѩ㲻ҪҶǳСӵˣʵõϢѾɹѧԺһΪѧԺΨһһѧԱѧԺ߲㶼ˡ
ѩԶʱϲҾ֪ҶһɹģߣѧԺȺ׳գҶţͻµ۹ˡ
˻һЦ
ҲЩѧԺȺˣѾԶˣЩѾں˻ˡ
˻Ҳ֪ԼĴû취ֻԼǰܹѩʵҲԱİա
ţ˻ʿѧԺķ򣬰Եϻưû뵽ٽ꣬ڻ¶Ұˣοأ

ѧԺ
һһݵӣһš
ˣҶǳҲʶͬĸĴ콾
ʱ콾һ֮ɫȻӵλܸߡ
ӵλȷʵܸߣΪѧԺԺս½֪λսеһ
λѧԺԺʱϥԼǰ콾˵ͽҸղѾյϢҶǳСѾѧԺҳΪѧԺΨһһѧԱһڵĳǵһˡ
ʲô콾ԣʱһ
û뵽Լ˵ȴĻϢ
Ҫ֪ѧԺԺһֱڱչƽҲѧԺ飬ǽԺڹ
콾ΪͽҲֻǴһʥսѣָ㶼ûָ콾ȫһ˦ƹ
죬콾õϢѧԺԺˣҪָԲȲظˣ
ϾѧԺԺһλսʣָ£ԼһԳԽҶǳġ
콾߸˵ˣȴϢʵЩʺͷŭ
ΪѧԺԺţ콾ѧԺҲǺ˽ģ֪ѧԱʲô
ϾѧԺϯѧԱ˾ܹ񣬵ҲֻһѧԱѡ
˾ܹǳʮǿߣԶԶ콾
ѧԺûгһѧԱҶǳȴɹˡ
ʲô
콾ȻϣǳԼѾҶǳ˦Զˡ
뵽콾ս˫ȭָ׶Ѫ֮УһЩѪҺ
ѧԺԺؿ콾ȵڵӣ̬ʲôʸҵͽܣ˵ԽҶǳСˣѧԺ˾ܹ񶼱ǿˡ
콾һ漴һһѹסеĲʣͷ˵ʦָ㣡
ߣ
ѧԺԺһ漴˵ͽ˶֪ѧԺһֱѧԺѧԺÿεԺ䣬ѧԺǵ׵ġ֪ѧԺλԺ˭ʵǿ𣿻У½ϵλ˻ʣԼ֮ǵλλսʵʵΣ֪𣿡
콾һ㶣漴ҡͷ֪
ϻսǵʵȻ֪
£콾ЩֵؿѧԺԺ֪Լʦ˵ʲô
ֻѧԺԺ°ĺӣȻ˵½֪λսʵУʵǿ˻ʣв֪ϸ֮ǳ⣬ʣµսʣΪʦʵǿȻ˻ǸϼһʱãʵҲӽΪʦҪˣֲ˼ʱˡ


254 Ӽ
ѧԺԺĻ콾ֱˣһĲš
½֪λսʣ콾Ȼ֪ǵʵΣǰ㣬ѧԺԺӦǵ׵ĲŶԡ
ΪѧԺԺʦԸղҰԼĻ˵
û뵽ǣԼʦ𷴶λ˻ʵһԺ˻ʵڲš
ϾһֱѧԺԺܵ͵ÿԺ䶼ѧԺףҲѧԺԺԶԶѧԺԺѧԺԺ
𣿡
ѧԺԺƺ֪콾е뷨ЦΪʦٸ㣬λսʵУֻѧԺԺΪһսʡ˻ʣѧԺԺǶսʡΪʦ˻ʣԼ˻Ǹϼһսʡ֮ǵĳֵĴ٣ǳأӦҲսʲΡ
ȻʦʵôǿΪѧԺȴһֱѧԺѧԺ콾Щɻ
ѧԺԺЦΪΪʦѧԺ飬һֱѧԺѧԺǵԺԹҲΪǰʱ䵢ڹЩѧԺ棬ǵΪ⵽ۣΪʦ
콾ʱȻ
ԺУѧԺԺ˽һֱֻԼΪںѧԺĽѧ
ԣѧԺԺʵԺǿѧԺѧԱȴѧԺ
Ȼ⻰콾˵ѧԺԺɡ
ֻѧԺԺ˵ǰΪʦѧԺ飬ԺҿҲֻСӵϷˡĳ֣Ϊʦıע⡣
ţ콾̧ͷɻؿѧԺԺ
ѧԺԺʱĿȵض콾гЦݣԺȺţҿһȺðʱ˷ϡ㲻ͬӵսǣδԽΪʦ⡣ԣΪʦž㣬֮ǰ̫ˣⲻ
ѧԺԺ˵ںˣ㱻ҶǳСӻܣָܵСӵѹһܲĶ԰ɣʾͶˣΪʦҪľ̬һŻŬΪʦȫָ£ƾսǵƣһΪʱŵģΪʦ˵ҪİʵΪʦԸء
ͽһʦ̻壡콾ʱ˷ܵذݵ
ԭѧԺѧԺѧԺѧԺԺûг
ںˣѧԺԺָ㣬ԼԽҶǳָտɴˡ
콾жʱѡ

ѧԺ
ʱĺܿ죬ת۱һ¡
ԴëС뿪ǺҶǳԾסѧԺıڣ󱦵ϻص
һµʱȥˣҶǳʵõ˺ܴ
ԺŨʯİ£ҶǳΪսڣңõɽָ㣬Ľǿˡ
Ҷǳڲƽ֮ŵ״̬£ԷӳսĹ
˻ƽ֮ţôҶǳĹս
Ҳ˵ҶǳԽ߼ˡ
ë˵Ҷǳڵ츳ѾԺЩޣսҵᲢˡ
˵Ѿ̤žˡ
ΨһҶǳƵǣʱȥԺŷݷãò˵ĻӦ
ⲻҶǳˣѾʮһˡ
һˡ
ǰҶǳ
һҶǳɽ֮󣬱ŷ䣬ϰߣк
ҶǳҲûбϣϾѾһˣǰҪԸԼͼˡ
뵽Ҷǳ̾˿׼뿪
ȻʱǽرյŷţȴͻȻˡ
ţҶǳʱһ㶡
̫ͻȻˣŪҶǳһûзӦ
һˣҶǳݷʮΣûеõŷǰϿɡ
죬ͻȻˣҶǳһ
ҶǳţܿͷӦˣæ߽ŷ䡣
Ժķ䲼ֶ࣬ŷҲյģֻϥһˣң˫յģȻû˫ۡ
λǰųƽħɽǰǰƳ磬Ȼû˫ۣʹҶǳЩ𾪣ûбֳǹһ
ޱ˱ҶǳҶǳ߽֮͵˵ǲģǰһ£ҲԵ֣ҾͼһΡ
ǰõǰָ㣬˵ǰ֮ϣ̡Ҷǳæ˵
ԭɽǸСӣߣޱһ
ҶǳʱɫŹ֣ɽһٶʮˣǰУȴֻһСӡ
֪ɽθ룿


255 Ľ
Ժ㣬ŷڡ
ޱ˱ҶǳϥҶǳ˿Ҳϥյֻ˵ڻš
ɽСָˣ㣬йҵһЩ飿ޱ˵ʵ
ҶǳҡҡͷûУǰûж˵ȴһ˵ˡ
Ŷû뵽ھȻ֪ҵ飿ޱ˵
ǰѵүүзչԪҲѧԺĸԺҶǳæ˵
ԭǷչԪСӵӣǺǣʱ찡뵱СӸսԺʱһָأһתӶԺˡޱ˸п
Ҷǳȴг𺳡
չԪͱɽҪѾһʮˣսѧԺԺʱǿһһʮǰˡ
ǰλޱǰȻһһʮǰѾսϵǿˣ治˼鰡
Ҷǳ֮ʱǰޱ˵ˣȻзҵСһˣ㻹ҽͲǰЩһ𣿡
ҶǳЦ˵ֻǰָҵĽûҪѧϰǰĽߣѧϰǰĽ裬Ҳһ
ѧԺĵһѧԱšȻ츳Ҳȷӵšޱ˵˵
Ҷǳæǰˡ
ޱҡҡͷ˵ʮ꣬ʵ츳ѾҪκ˿佱ˡ
ޱͻȻһ䣬˵츳ȻߣҵĽЩ⣬δܹѧᣬǿѧϰĻ»ǰЩһ󶼻ᷢħ
ҶǳԺǰĽʲôΪǰЩ˻ͻȻ裬Ҳٹսˣǻûм˷ս
֮治У
ޱ˸пһ漴˵ߵĽĽֽϡ٣Ҵ½ٶˣҲûмĵڶĽˡ
ĽҶǳ¶ɻ֮ɫֽǵһ˵
п콣ؽԽȵȣĽȴδš
ֻޱ˼˵ȻûмڶĽˣĽҲһǰҴһżеõġ
ԭǹŴǰȻǰҲĽΪǰûз裬ȴأҶǳɻ
ޱ˵ĽĽֽͬĺܿأľԽߣ⽣Խ֮ͣͲǰ⣬ǽ߶ԹǿƣɱҲǿɱˣͻħĽҪԼĳΪһһħħҲǷǳֲġ
ҶǳЩˣ²ѵ˵ЩΪħ߻ħˣ
ޱ˵˵ͷ漴ָ̾ЩˣĽʵͻͽҲйĽı׶ˣעģǰħơǶǿԻˣҵĻ£ڼʶĽǿ֮󣬾Ͳһеձħ֣Ϊֻ֪ɱ¾ħͷ
˭Ҳ޷ǿջɣҶǳ̾
ޱ˵ãھʮʱĽʱҵΪѾﵽս磬ľҲܸߣﵽľĵһ㡮ֹˮ硣ټʹ󣬾Ķ࣬־ᶨܹĽ֮ħӶʵͻͽھսʱԽһսʡ
ô˵ҪŽýľһ㾳ˡҶǳʱЩʧ
ķǳѡ
Ҷǳټ޻ڴʦĴУõ˿ɮһĹľĵһ㻹кܴһξ롣
ĽûҪ󣡡
ޱȴҡͷľǿˣĽȻãҲûǿơؼںԼ־ᶨܹƺԼıģǿջôû¡
ҡ
˵ޱ˿˿ԼǶϵ˫ۣ̾ңҲסħ֡
ʲô
Ҷǳɫһ䣬𾪵ǰҲסħ
ޱ˵˵ͷЦҵʵΪ½˭ܹնҵ˫ۣ˫ۣԼնϵġ
ǰΪҪôҶǳ𾪵
ޱ̧ͷǽڳĬã̾Ľɹھսӵ˻һսʵʵ緢ңȥս˸ոսսʲõ˻ʣղ㽫նɱ
ҶǳսսʣԴһ漣
ҲΪһս˻ɨأң¡ޱ˻
¶ʹ֮ɫΪһս˻ʽ𣬵ȻҲΪʱңѾа̤սʾ硣ʱҵĽ֮½ûһսʻҵĶ֡
û뵽ȻԸҵļˣ
ޱҧгݵ˵һ˻ʣȻƤԸҵļˣȫСȫնɱһûзŹ
Ҷǳһû뵽˻ʾȻôĺ
ŭڡҵõϢ˶ŭûˡҵľܵĽħ֮ҵħͻȻ࣬ҵ塣һֱעģջܼƬ̣ûбħһӶȡĿȨҲƬ̵ʱ䣬˾ϣնԼ˫ۡ
ޱĽҲҪ˫ʩչģն˫֣ҵʵˡͬҵħҲˣҲûвˡֻǣû˫ۣʵȴ˻ʵĶ֡ȥ˻ʱʱشȻ˻ȴ˰Ѿ޷̤սʾˡЩ꣬ҲֻڹӲдȴĽ١
ޱЩį
Ҷǳһ̾λǰŹǰ;ȴ䵽³
ֻ˵ˡ
ˣĽ飬Ѿ˵ˣҪҪѧϰԼʵ˵ȻϣѧϰŽҲϣŽʧЩìܡޱ˵
ΪìܣԵҶǳһݷʱûнӼҶǳ
ֱҶǳǰǰݷһ£žһҶǳҶǳԼ
ǰ뿴һĽѧѧϰһСҶǳ
ޱ˵˵ͷ͵ԣҲ˺ܶ࣬ҴǴżеõĽؼȥɡ
˵գޱ˳Ҷǳһ顣
Ҷǳæס㶣ƺû뵽ޱ˻ôʹͰⱾǿؼ
ֻޱЦ˵ѾһپʮˣսܹصͣѾǼˡҵ֪಻һʱ䣬ҾҪˡⱾؼΨһĶҿɲŸᣬҪܹɹãǲܳɹǾ㴦ðɡ
ˡҶǳ˵ͷ漴Ȿؼ
ޱȻҶǳ˵һ䣬ҪⱾؼһҪסǿҲҪУ
ǰ̻壡Ҷǳμ仰Ȼ˳ŷ䡣


256 򽣾
뿪ŷ䣬ҶǳصԺĵĲ㣬˼СʱȻرȥˡ
صõޱ˵ĽӼҵõĽĹѧҶǳûȥ㳡׼ȥоһⱾؼ
һصҶǳóǱؼȻ
ⱾؼֽŷǳӲ֪ʲôģ˼ǧ꣬Ȼ
ңּҲɼһģĵطûС
ⱾؼǰҲⱾؼᱻʱĨȥʶֽ¼Ȿؼ
Ҷǳ뵽

Ȿؼֽ򽣾
ûʲô⣬ǼۿȴҶǳȲѡ
ĽĽȻͬ
ĽȻԸղٿر
򽣾һΪΣһ㣬ԲٿһѽУɱǧ֮⣬ǳ¡
ڶ㣬ܿʮѽÿһѽͬ
Ҫ㣬ܿһٰѽޱ˱Ǵﵽ硣
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ɮһķ𷨱ͿЩаħҵõǵĹѵССħ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦԼš
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ʶٿҲƵģ̫ǲܲٿصġ
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ĺڽԽأʱԽǿ
෴ڽǼˣôԼˡ
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Ҷǳ˰죬ֻͨħڿ޻ڴʦиԼĿɮһĹľ
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ԣʱ죬ȵһʶİ취Ҷǳ֮󣬶ʱ¶Цݡ
ÿ֮󣬻Ҫϰ򽣾
ûаѺڽȻúڽúڽ
Ϊ򽣾ҶǳʱΪǰʱ䶼ɮһĹл
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Уһڽȥڣ޾ǳ档
Ҷǳѧϰ򽣾еͨ
µĿޣڿɮһĹͻԼħİ£Ҷǳʶǿ˺ܶࡣ
ҶǳѾԲٿغڽԶ̹ˣڽϾ̫أԹٶȲ죬ҲǿȲԼźڽ
ҶǳţԼʶԽԽǿԼٿغڽԽԽǿ
⣬Ҷǳ򽣾һôǾǿС
ҶǳҪչܷУһͻᱩ¶ܣ򲻵ѣܶһС
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ǣǵ֪սŷλħǰĺ󣬾ϱˡ
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мϸֹɡ
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һĽһŮӣѧԺϯѧԱ
ĽǺҲǳѧԺѧԺĶ
һڵĳѧԺνǴȫʤǰռˣﻹѹҶǳһһ
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Ҫ֪Ҷǳ˵㳡һ򣬳ΪѧԺһѧԱѾ˹˵һһˡ
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Ǻ֮ǰǰʮһת۾Ȼܵ˵һˡ
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ҶǳȻҶ֪ҶǳܱܿһսҪǿϾһЩһսܴ㳡ĵһ򡣵ǣնɱһһս˵ǲһ㡣
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ȻѧԺŵͲǵʵԽԽǿϱǵƾԽԽ٣Ҳ޷ֹЩŵĽŲ
ѧԺڵţҲʮ꣬δʮ꣬עǳ۳ʮꡣ
Ժֻʣһʱˣڴ

۷׷׵ʱѧԺڣһԺѧԱǣҲõһڵĳ
ΪѧԺ߲Ҫ̼ѧԱǵѪԺͽŸУÿһڵĳѧԺͳһȻ󷢷ŸԺÿһѧԱ
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ҶǳԼģԽ߼ʵԿսűҪǿһЩ
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ĪǷ콾սǣ
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ѧԺԺ
һڵĳѧԺһλԺʱرԺһ죬ΪѧԺĸԺҪᡣ
ʱѧԺеĸԺֻҪûгŵģԺͨʶţԵ÷ǳ֡
һڵĳ񣬴ҶѾ˰ɣչԪ˵ԺһڸԺ֮УʵŽǰ塣
ԣ˶ԷչԪܾء
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ΪѧԺһѧԱ϶ܹȡһڵĳһû뵽ȻѧԺǸСѾͷˣǲˬ
СѾͷҶǳಮ٣ǸǺξȻѹ˾ܹ񣬶õȴЩ⡣
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ˣôͻȻôࣿ

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˲ʵ
չԪߵʲôԭ򣿵ȻѧԺ˿һżǵԺѧԱǽȥ˸ʵңѾˣѧԺԺѧԱͻȻ֮ʧ˲ˡȻЩ˶ѾǴżˡ
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ΪѧԱʵʵ̫ˣǽȥѧԱ֮һͲˡ

ԺڶʱһƬȻ
νżһЩǿģǶĹأǲرصȵȡ
ǣܹʸżģǶǿߡż֮У˺ܶػأвս
Ҷǳĺɽżкʯµżɶսġ
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ܽżôһεԺ䣬ѧԺͻֵڶⶼǧ϶ˡ
ڶ͵ڶôܹѧԱǵЦǿɶ۹δһǺܴʧ
ҵǾÿԣϾҲҪĥģȻǲѧѧԺǿԺǰʮȥʵڰսϣӦкܴϣų
УһǾ̫ˣԺǰʮǿɶеţδҲܳΪս󲿷ֶϵսһżһǾͿˡߣԺϾΪһѧԺЦҾͬ⡣
ôǿЦأܹŴżгǶԼĺôҲǷǳ޴ģôɲǵΪԺ䡣
żҪȥģԵ̤սȥҲ٣δ̫ˡ

ԺڣһԺš
޳ɵģҲзԵġ
ԵԶһЩ޳ɵҲ١
չԪ״ɵüͷ
ʱԺ㣬һϵѡʮСһżϷԴӡ
һ䣬Ժ
漴еĸԺǣȫĿͶ˵һӡ
ŷ䣡
˻
Ǵ洫еĸԺǣжǵһ׷𾪲ѡ
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ϾħͷѧԺǼǽѧԺԺĴڡ
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£չԪҲ˵ȻħǰԸӣô¾Ͷˣһ£ǽһż
ڣŷڣϵٴδ
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ڣʡǿһλսеľǿߡ
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259 ׼
һڵĳ񣬺ܿ㴫ǣһЩûйˣӱ˵е֪˳
ҶǳûеǶ˶еʮֵ⡣
ңһڵĳѧԺѧԱ϶ѧԺĸѹˣǵ˷ǳˬ
ѧԺѧԺѾǧˣϰǶʱ

ѧԺС
ڿһڵĳ֮ҶǳûйĹעˣǿʼ򽣾
˵ϵֻʵΨһ
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ҶǳȻˣôҲ֪õһȻһ㲻ʶûУͲò÷һˡ
һãҪԼͷϣô϶ˬ
ѾˣôҶǳЦʵȻ֪һ˼
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ǰѹҲǳðѹжҶǳЦ˵
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ô˵°ɣҶǳ漴ʵ
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ż֮Ҳ֪Ҫ죬ҶǳûȴһЩ˵ٲԼ
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ڵ򽣾Ȼǿٿغڽ޷ӳ̫ǿĹ
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260 
ҪƷ֮Ҷǳ׼ȥˣתʱһȴǴǰһ߶ҴһϤϢ

Ҷǳ۾һУĿӵһֻ֣ʱͷһöɫĽָ
ǡˣҶǳһźۼظںӺ棬һ·ת˺üֵ
һƫƧӡ
ڵĩͣͷҲûأЦ˵ҶӹȻս½ţʮѾ嵽ڶˣҹƣǵһҲδػĶֻ֣ȱһȻսˡ
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ǣؿǰĺӣҶǳüͷ΢΢֪ǹ˵ġ
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˵գ˦˦֣һöīɫĿռָ㶪Ҷǳ
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ҶӣúŬ֯㱧кܴսʱ֯ӵڲѵʱͻõڻҪӴʮϰٱԴ˵գҪ뿪ˡ
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Ҷǳæס
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ŰѽǳǿȻÿһ潣ȲҶǳʹúڽǿ󣬵ǾŰѽȴѾӽڽˡ
Ҫǣ򽣾ٿؾŰѽٶȺܿ죬ͱȺڽǿˡ
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һݺ󣬽뽣ڣӵԺŷĽħǰ
Ҷǳ֪Ϣɵһ𺳣Ȼǽħǰӡ
Ҫ֪λ򽣾ǰѾüʮû뿪ԺˣҾ޲Զˡ
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261 ڣ
ѧԺԺǰʮѧԱյ˽뽣ڣϢѡ
ȥǲȥ
һǴҲ
ܹѧԺԺǰʮˣ˼λҶǳǳС⣬˶ǳ۹Ĵ壬һ
һǮͨһ
츳ãҺãδļ
ǸҪðΣսżϾиԵļṩԴżҲֻǽѡ
ԣмˣѡ˲ȥ
ѡȥǿճͽʮһڶʮˡ
һ֮ѧԺѡʮˣЩ˶ǰʮԺţÿ˵Ϊսϡ

ѧԺԺһС
˾ܹǮͨԶЩء
÷׼żǮͨЩǵؿ˾ܹѾѡ˲ȥϾǮҵҪ̳ǮңȻðա
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ȥһҪȥ˾ܹɫᶨ˵
Դϴڵ㳡׵֮˾ܹһֱӼ˭ڱһҪʤҶǳ
ϧҶǳʵ̫ǿˣͬһɽѧԺеԺѧԱֻ
÷֪Ҫż֮лûӶҶǳǣڣɲļ䣬һµżǮͨȰ˵
˾ܹü漴ᶨãżԽıԽá㲻Ȱ˵ˣ㻹Ǹ˵˵żɡ
ǡǺðɣԼСĵ㣬⽣ڣǮͨȰ˵˾ܹ񣬲ɵÿЦһ£漴˾ܹ佣ڣΪǮҵѾӼ峤ڣϢˡ

˿̣ҶǳıУһҲںҶǳŽڣ
ֻһһЦǵùȺϼһȻǰ˽ڣżҪ֪ѧԺͻյżУ⽣ڣŽǰʮˣһż
ҶǳЦⲻǺܺżԽ˵ıԽҪЩһżıͱˣǽȥҲǰȥһˡ
Ҷ֣ոߵ⽣ڣһż֪ʲôǽ𣿡һ˷ۡ
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262 
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⣬ѧԺڲľħĥʹҶǳľϵš
ҶǳѾԸܵԼľĵһΣѾԶˡ

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ҶǳͤʱͤеѧԱ׷վԴ˵Ҷʦ֣
Ҷʦ֡
ԴҶǳΪѧԱ֮󣬵ѧԺѧԱṧؽһҶʦ֡
ҲѧԺĹء
ֻҪǳΪѧԱǾһѧԺĴʦ֣ҲϯѧԱ
ȻҲѡ񲻽Уֻ֪ҪǲҶǳģҲС
ʵϣѧԺ˾ܹ񲻸ĽҶǳһҶʦ֡⣬ǮͨҶǳѾʼһҶʦ֡ˡ
ҶǳҲԴҲضǰѧԱ˵ͷ
⼸ѧԱԸ뽣ڣˣô˵еģҶǳЩ塣
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ҶǳԷ˷ۡ
ͤеҲ˷ۣΪһһģȻ˵硣


263 
ʮˣۼͤУšվšڽ̸
ҶǳϥţĿ
һԵķһһԺ漴ҶǳƵλħǰ˯ͷ˰ɣ̫ôˣȻѵǽҪʲô𣿡
ĵţ˼ұүүĸ׶ö࣬ȵʲôҶǳЦ˵
ֻǣʱţҶǳҲЦˡ
ѾˣħûгֻʮɵɵصͤУһɴ۾Ŀɿڴ
˿̣رõҶǳɵûλħǰǲ˵ͷˡ
Ҫҽȥһ˵ſҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷȥҲã
һ漴ԺܿͳˣЩضҶǳ˵ŷû˻ӦҲԽȥ֪ʲô
ʹʦ𣿡Ҷǳü
ˣһߺߵ˼ϼһĵţȵˣҪȣѵҪϸ·ǽڣɲǣԶء
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264 ʥ
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үĺˣʵĴвôױߵģҲȵˡϵһЦһ̤֮γɵ֮Уһʧ


265 
һӵ֮УȻʮһӰȻǰ뽣ڣҶǳˡ
ߵʯİɢŵĹΣΧž
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ʲôһһʱˣҶǳأôһֻܶһ·ˡ
ҶǳЩȻѹѧԺʮѧԱԭֻһԽʮˡ
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˭⽣ڣѧԺż۹Ϊ𣿡ޱȻȵ
ȻԷսʣη塣
ѧԺ۹Ǻǣԣ¶Цоǳ
Ҷǳһߵı飬Ѿó˸ںʲô۹ѧԺ
ֻһֿˡ
ʱֻԱߵϣЩ˷ϻˣǡ
ǣʥӣߵ˵ͷ漴̧һֻƣ޾˷۶һɿµսӿ
ޱɫ䣬漴Ҷǳ˴ߣ
˵գһٰѳȻıһָ۳һ壬ŶߺƵȥ
¡¡ǿߵҲûй˼ɵͷųҶǳ˶ʱɳȥ
ҲƴʮŸȥ


266 
ߣߣ
Աߵ꿴ҶǳҪʮţʱ¶Цһɱü֮䡣
ৣ
漴걳ĳһ
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272 
ɫ׹Ȼʵǿ۷սǶҶǳ˵ȴûжô
ΪҶǳʵǿ߿ܣԣķʮſƷʯȡһ۷弶սȡһЩԴǿԼʵ
һҶǳ仰ȴЦҶ֣ǲñҪ׼ĻǾǷҰɣ֤۸⡣
Ŷⶫ𣿡ҶǳЩɻؿһʵǿһսĿܣӦ㲻ʲôɡ
һ̾Ҷ֣Ҳ㣬ǷҾһʦϧֻƳսĿܣ޷ƳսܡҪΪʦһ̫ˣµĴҲ٣ϾˡֻҪսĿܣһоǷҵλʦҲԺͿƳսĿˡ
ǷҾȻһʦҶǳЩ𾪣ͬʱҲȻѹַһô߿ܡ
ҪǷλʦоôսܵļǾʹҿһսĿˣһɷǳ޴
һսĿܲʲôʮһٸһǧأ
ȻսܵĲϿ϶ޱȣҼҴҵҲƵ죬ٿҵʵ
뵽Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ǺãȻȥҾȥүү
뷽ҹϵܺãȻԸ顣
һԴϲͳ߿ܣν뽣ڣûаһˡ
ɫ׹֮ҶǳʼΧ㳡ΧҲоŵŻһŻղŽһš
ڲԶһʯ֮ǰ𴫳ʯһģһ
ԭˣÿͨһأٴѡĴŽ롣ҶǳʱȻ򣬲ңԼƲ˷һ
һ𾪵Ȼ飿˵ǿʱȥѧԱǻˣ
Ҷǳ˷һһۣҡҡͷÿ˶ÿ˵ĻԵǹȥǣҲǲˬ
һ˵ͷҲϾЩѧԱѰԪģȻ±ԼĻԵ
ˣ𴫳ʯ̺ŽħǰľѧҲҶǳ漴ָŲԶĴʯʵ
ô˵ǷһȷֵģҶǳȻ۲ʯҲܳᡣ
ң÷һܻѧϰ򽣾
ȻһһǽħǰľѧҡͷЦħǰľѧȻǿ󣬵ҿɲѧǹϾҶܵģѧɡ
ţǾͶлˡҶǳЦŵ˵ͷ
һ̾ѵıﶼֻǴʯֻĻǰһˡ
Ӧòɣû𽣻ʴҾֻͨ˵һأҲٽһܲὣʴСҶǳĿ˵
ɣ
һ˵ͷ漴Ǹµ꣬ɵһļ£꿴ûҴʵȻôǿҸоɫ׹ﶼҪǿ࣬Ҳ֪ǰȻû˵
ûв´ĻӦԴ˵еսҡҶǳߵ
սңһԶʱΪҵĵմȻҲ˵սңҲǵ˵ûԼսҵš
Щսһֱڣǵʵȴǳǿκһսң۹Ͼһս񼶱ĹսԴ벻ǿ󶼲СҶǳ˵
һ˵ͷ漴̾ˣһ˵ЩսǵĺٶŴսǿѪ츳ͺܸߣԶԶǿǡ˵еսѪսǵȵȣǶǷǳµš
ҶǳԲ÷ΪԼͻսǡ
ھ͵ǷҲˣһЩɱ˹Ǿˡһ漴ĵ
㵣Ҳûã羡ʵΪҶǳҡҡͷ漴ŲԶĴʯȥ߱˵ȥ򽣷ԼŰɡ
ãҲû֮ǰǸɫ׹һսҲΪٽһһ˵ͷ漴Աϥ£ʼ
֮ǰɫ׹սʵ÷һᵽвν֮дֲҲдԵԷһʱ˺ܶ࣬ʱաڻͨ
ҶǳʯԱߣʼ򽣾
ÿһʯжн򽣾ҶǳĲ򣬿ʼ򽣾㡣
дʯİǳ죬ֱһǧ


273 ѡ
ʱڲ֪ţǰ¹ȥˣŴʯѣҶǳҲӱչ֮лһǿϢͻȻϯ
Զķһ͵۾ҶǳʱЦ˵ϲҶΪ
Ǻǣû뵽ⶫȻҵΪͻƵս۷徳硣ҶǳЦŵ˵ͷҲЩ⡣
ʱ䣬Ƕ˼򽣾棬ûصΪȴû뵽ԼΪͻˡ
򽣾㣬ʵ̫ˣҶǳȻ츳һдʯİǽµʱ䣬û취ȫ
򽣾ҶǳѾĲˣþͻҲԶˡ
ܹҵһ𴫳ʯȻ£һ򽣾ˡҶǳ뵽
ͬʱҶǳĿɨ㳡ΧЩŻ֪ͨЩŻǲܹҲܹõһ𴫳ʯ
Ҷǳһǡ
ǾսҵǸʥӡ
ʣǸʥӿ϶Ҳˣֻǲ֪һŻ
ҪߴˣǸʥˣǾ·һˡ
ҶǳȻʵԼǸʥӵĶ֣ΪԷ츳٣ҪǶԷѾ̤ս磬һʵطԾҶǳսԱġ
⣬Ǹʥ˵Ѿؿ˿ҶǳһҲڴŻע⡣
һҶǳȥǸʥӣ¶ԷҲҹġ
Ϳòˡ
Ҷǳ˼Щʱһߵķһ֮С
Ҷǳﵽս۷徳磬÷һǳ𾪡
Ҫ֪ҶǳѧԺҲµ飬ȻѾսڽս۷壬Ҫٹ£ǿԽ׵սˡ
ٶȣ÷һǳ𺳡
һҲţһзҵԴսڽս磬Ҳʱ䡣
̬ȻǱ̬ٶȶ˿죡һҡͷøҶǳһǴҴ
֣
ȻҶǳ˹֮ɫѯʵʱ򣬿пǸսҵʥǽһŻ
֪һҡҡͷЦȥ֮ǼһͶˣֱӱһŻ֮Угս׵ıǵԪҪԶˡǸһʵٿնɱһѧԱˣҶʲô
ҶǳȻҿԹ㣬ͬԷҲпͨЩŻҵǣҪڵʵĶ֡
һԶʱɫһ䣬һǸʥҵ·һ
ʱˣҶǳæʵҶ֣ô죿ǳȥɣõ˲ջҲһˡ
ȥôȥҶǳתָŹ㳡ΧǾŵŻ˵ЩŻͨѧԱǸʥڵĵطûгȥĵ·
ˣÿһڵĵطľŵŻҪ뿪˵أһɻ
ҶǳҲ̫ǽŪĵطΪסǡңΪֹǻûҵʴСԣҲ²⣬Ҳǵǽ˴ؿᷢ仯ֻǣ˿һ˾ʹһĹؿȻѡУĽʴС
˵ǻҪѡһŻȥ㲻Ǹʥ𣿡һЩĵ˵
ҶǳЦ˵ڴ˵أǸʥҲпܻҵǣοҲڴ˵صǵʳҲǰôá
Ǿֻܿˣһ㳡ΧǾŵŻ˵һŻʣµİ˵ŻѡĸУ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵Ҳδǿ٣ҿѡһŻǸʥӵļС
ŶһŻǿʲôȷģһȵ
ţһŻҶǳָʣµİ˵ŻеһŻ΢΢Ц˵֮ǰҼǵ˾ܹѡŻʵټϽħǰıԪӦòȱǸʥɱԣǴŻȥܹǸʥӵļʺС
ţ˵еһ۾һ漴˷ܵңǻ˾ܹĻԵһһҲ˳ۣһֱҪ㡣
ԵҶǳҡͷЦһѧԺģˣǴʯûãÿԽҲһ¡
ǻʲôһ˵žͳǵŻȥ
Ҷǳæȥ


274 ˾ܹ
Ҷǳͷһ̽ǰŻ֮ڣһâ˸ҫ۵ĹԽû漴Ǹоǰתͣ˶·һʱС
Щѣд
Ҷǳͷһ鲻Խر۾
һǺϤΪǲǵһνŻˡ
ΪЩŻŻд͵Ĺܡ
ǣ
ôܣ
ͻȻһϤľ
Ҷǳͷһ۾˲Ϳ˲Զ˾ܹ񣬴վһʯԱߣؿˡ
Ҷǳ漴һɨܣһԼĹǳȷһڵǸ㳡С١
ҲžŵŻڹ룬һʯ
𴫳ʯҶǳ۾ʱһ
𴫳ʯҵ򽣾ӦþͿͻƵ˰ɣҶǳоһЩ˷ܡ
򽣾ĵԲٿһٰѱٽɣǺε
һսǿߣҲᱻɱɡ
Ҷǳ붼üޱȡ
ô˾ܹҶǳͷһ漴ֿǵŻ϶ʱһ˿ȻˣͨЩŻԽ벻ͬ·
ΪѧԺϯѧԱ˾ܹɲǱ˲һС
ҶǳЦѧԺϯѧԱӣѾͨ˵һؿˡ
˾ܹͫһб˵ĺâ
ģҶǳھûг˾ܹ˼
ϾڵѧԺ˾ܹȻϯѧԱ
ΪϯѧԱƺţѧԺÿȵʱѧԱеǿ߼̳С
ѧԺʦϵġ
ȻҶǳʵǿ˾ܹ񣬵һѧԺȻûпʼ˾ܹȻϯѧԱ
ֻ仰Ҷǳ˵˾ܹȴǽʵʵԼĳЦͷ̡
£˾ܹɭɭضҶǳ˵ߣҫ𣿡
˵գ˾ܹԱߵķһƾ跽һʵǲͨһصģȻͨ˵һأȻȥһġȻʱȣΪϾֻվ硣ңѾǾս۷徳磬϶һ̤ս硣
쵰˵˭ǷһԶʱŭҶǳţ¾Ҫȥ˾ܹƴˡ
ҶǳһԿЦû뵽ᱻ˾ܹûа˼˾ܹ
Ҫ֪ڣʮŻͨʮ·Ȼÿ·Ŀ˲һѶȴ
ղ㳡ҶǳҲǴڻƽ֮ţľȫͨء
˾ܹȻҲͨأʵҶǳ塣
ҶǳҲýͣΪ˾ܹһʲôǲΪĽ;ͻıġ
ң˾ܹעܳΪѣϾĵѾȥ˾ܹѧԺĵλ
뵽Ҷǳؿ˾ܹ˵˾ܹ׼ڧôܿǼ˶Ҫ
˾ܹ΢΢һ̾뵽ʲôǸꡭ
ȻҶǳͷһͨǵŻͬǸʥҲҵǡ
ʱǾ·һˡ
˵˾ܹҶǳʱһĵĻôλʥʱɾǰĶûˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ϾۿǸʥ˲ɱһѧԺԺţܶɱֻǶԷóˡ
뵽˾ܹĿ͵ؿԶһŻһĨ֮ɫ
ǵúǸʥɱѧԺԺţ׼Żġ
ڣˣ»λʥ˰ɡ
Ŷԭ
ʱҶǳע⵽˾ܹɫΪһֱڹ۲˾ܹ񣬼˾ܹɫʱ뵽ʲô
Ҷǳ΢΢˾ܹ񣬳˵ǸʥȥĵطŻʵѾͨһˣںܿѾŻһѧԺҪˡ
ԣǷһ˾ܹɫЩغ͵ǡ
ȻǸʥӵĿʵǶǳηġ
Ҷ֣Ǹô죿һһҶǳоҲֻҶǳˡ
洫ʯԱߵ˾ܹҲҶǳ
ʱ˾ܹҲ׺ҶǳǽˣΪҶǳ˵öԣʱǻڧĻ·һ
Ҷǳ˾ܹһۣ漴ֿʥӽǵŻһâ˵Ǹʥսңλָ߸ϣƺǡˡͿԿóǸûаǷԣҲ²⣬ˣ϶ǵһһһɱھвҺеһ˿ȤģҲʱûһӰɱԭ򡣡
쵰һҧսȭͷЩߺޡ
˾ܹҲ


275 
ɫѿ˾ܹͷһҶǳ˵Ʋ⣬ͨһ֮󣬾ͿʼŻʼһɱǡڣѾ֪Ѿɱ˶ˣǵʱҲˡ
Ҷ֣ôһǱɣһЩֵ˵
˾ܹȴҡͷҲδأ
ߣʲôۣһ˿˾ܹˬ
˾ܹߵ׳գͲ֪ýڣԶڵһ𣿡
һԲǰ׳գһʱʲôЩϲ˵԰ڣܰڵһأЩŻͨģеŻҲֻᱻԡ
뵽ˡ
ҶǳЦſ˵֮ǰЩ²⣬ҿȷˣֻҪǽʮȫͨһأôڣ󷨾ͻһء
˾ܹӹ磬˵Ҳ˵ֻҪڴ֮ǰǸʥҵһ
û˵ǡΪͲҶǳͷһǸʥɱ
Ҷǳͷһˣһһ˾ܹ˵˵̫磬û׼ϾҪˡ
ʱҲ˾ܹ񷴴༥
Ҷǳ˵ʱԣ취ҾȽǸʥڵŻӦѾͨһ뿪ǴŻ󡣡
ֻôһˣһЩ̡
˾ܹߵǾȥ
˵ɣͳʥӽǵŻȥ
Ҷǳ۾һһ򹬵룬һ߶Էһҡͷ˵ҲǣΪΪǸ֪ǸʥһŻڣҪǾ·һ
סⶼ֮ǰϵ˷գ·Լѡġһ̾
ʱո߳Զ˾ܹȻתҶǳ¶һЦݣŶˣսƷȻûãҲɵ͸ǡ
ס֣Ҷǳ۾һɣѾµ˾ܹҪʲôˣӱŹĴʯȥ
ˣ
˾ܹһЦֱһȭ۵ȭƴޱȣµսڶһӾͽʯ顣
һصʯͷҶǳһͣɫѿת˾ܹҧ˵ΪҲɱ𣿡
ܹɱңĻҾͻĴܣҲ᲻СĽŻǸʥӣȻǻŻڣ
˾ܹҶǳһۣŵЦݣǰŻ֮С
һ˹ѵĴʯŭ˵쵰Ҷ֣ղôɱ
Ҷǳ˵ģ˵ûаһɱһʧˣܻŻڣҪǸʥӣڵĵطͻᱩ¶ʱҲΣա
鲻ôˣһﻵĴԵһȻޱȷŭΪҲҶǳ˵ˣֻҪٵõһʯʵͻࡣ
û£û𴫳ʯӰҲ󡣡Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴˾ܹǵŻԷһ˵ҲȥɣһǸʥӽˣǾˡ
ãһ˵ͷ
漴һ˾ܹǵŻ
ͬһҿյģֻйһѵĴʯ
˾ܹϥһŻĸҶǳͷһ˽ʱʱЦҶǳվ𶯣һϽŻҲŻǸʥӡ
㻹вǣһԼֱûðɣݺݵصص˾ܹ
ҶǳҲ⣬һ˿ɱ⣬˾ܹ⣬û뵽ԷȻһٶ浱Ǻǵ
ԣҾвǣҪôԹԴ𶯣Ҫôһ˾ܹЦ
㡭һҧгݡ
Ҷǳ˾ܹһۣ漴ŷһϥŻŻм䡣
ΪҶǳʥӻͻȻŻгǾ·ˡ
Ҷ֡һҶǳû뵽Ҷǳô򶨣ȻһҲŭ
Ҷǳ˰֣˵һʶǶʥһ٣⽣ڣҲȫһʵǺõġ
֪ˣһ˵ͷҲʼ
ҶǳóһЩƷʯΪ֮ǰͻƵվ۷徳磬˿һЩʯսԼʵٽһ
ĺܿ죬ʱ䣬ǧƷʯͱĹˣڵսҲﵽһͳ̶ȡ
ҪսֻѰͻƣսˡ
Ҷǳ˶ת򽣾㡭


276 
һתۣһµʱȥˣҶǳ򽣾ǲһ޷ͻƣʱףԼƿˡ
ϧˣҪһ𴫳ʯۿһʩչ򽣾㣬һͻˡҶǳ뵽Щź
ͬʱԶ˾ܹҶǳдһ˿⡣
˾ܹٵ𴫳ʯѾͻƵ򽣾㣬ԲٿһٰѽͲٿʮѽеĲǷǳġ
ҶǳʵڿڵĻƽ֮źĻһս򽣾㣬ôĺսһս
Ǹʥվֻʥӣӣ츳ӦòҡҶǳ˼뵽Ǹʵµʥӣв
ҿԽ߼֮ǰ˵սҵٿԽ߼ǸʥֻʥӣԽֻ弶
ǸʥһսΪԽ弶սԽֻǽӽսмս
һ򽣾㣬սʵô㲻Ķ֣ҲԱˡ

Ҷǳһͻ򽣾Ӽˡ
ĿǰʽǳΣգΪǸʥʱпǣ⿿ܣǲܳõġ
ңƽȹһأôһأҲпǸʥӡ
ҶǳзǳǿԼս
䣡
ȻһǿϢ
ҶǳȻתͷȥɵЦݣ֣ϲ̤ս硣
Աߣһ۾һϲ֮ɫ
ʱķһѾͻƿ̤˾ս硣
ǺǣڰսĥܾˣΪҪԺʱͻƵս磬û뵽⽣ڣͻˡһЩ˷ܵ˵
ӰսͻƵսʵ࣬սǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ֪һһսףⶫķǸʥӵĹܵסɼǳ
֮ǰһսޣܹѳս׷ӳޡ
ʱһ˾ս磬ս࣬Ȼóսǿˡ
ǰǿһսټϽڣдѹͻҲҶǳЦŶԷһ˵
һ˵ͷǸܵΣмȣǿѹ֮£űƵԼͻƼޣ̤˾ս硣
ν֮лԵ˵ı˰ɡ
һѣǽ˾ս磬ҲҵĶ֡ʱ˾ܹ۾мؿŷһ˵
Ǻǣ˵ĲʼǷ㲻˽ڣҲԶսʤҶ֡һ༥һµ侲࣬ٱ˾ܹһԶŭˡ
ңλ˾ܹ񱻼ŭˣݺݵ˷һһۣ漴ֿҶǳҶǳȵԺʱһ㣬ΪԺһ
˼һûû뵽ԼﷴˣǺǣ
ͻȻһϷŰڴ
漴ڲԶһŻ֮У߳һϤӰһ»һޱȣͬһѳʵ

Ҷǳɫһ䡣
˾ܹͷһҲ¶֮ɫ
ǸʥӾȻˣôܣѵԷѾɱ
ǶԷɱˣҲ˵ʮؿȫͨˣӦûᷢ仯Ŷԡ
һɻҶǳи֣ڿûʱһʥӣϽԼԱߵŻ뿪
Ӱɣžȥӣ
ǣĺ뿴ʹ־ı飬
ʥӿŴҴܵҶǳгưЦ

һʯ·ǰҶǳͷһ˿ٳ
һһܣһ𾪵Ҷ֣Ǽһô֣ѵǲ´ˣʮؿȫͨҲҪڴ˵ء
ܣʷôŪڣôֻΪסЩСûôģ
Ҷǳҡͷ˵ֻһֿܣǸʥӹŹһˣ׼ȽɱȻһ򾡣пֹܷ֮Ϊͨؿӹһ١
һҪնݳһдޣ漴ǰʯ·ɵɻ󣺡˵ҶôƺϤӡ
ǵŻҶǳǰʯ·˵·ԭĴ㣬ԷһǸԽʮŻÿһ鶼ͬ󲿷ͨ󣬿ҲʧˡͬҵĿ黹
˵ţҶǳָԱߵһʯ
һȥ¶ɻ֮ɫٲֻأ


277 Ҷ
ʯ·ҵĿ飬ÿһᱻǿдһþ֮УǴﵽľһ㾳磬ͨ·ӦÿԵסǸʥӣٿԸǴܵʱ䡣ҶǳԷһ˵
ľһ㣿ʲôһЩɻ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴ףÿ˶֪ľεġ
Ͼս½Ĵ󲿷˵˻ĵģҲûйģܶһﲻľһ㾳磬֪Ҳˡ
ĿǰΪֹ˿ɮһ⣬ҶǳҲֻޱ˴ﵽľһ㾳硣
뵽Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵ôˣȹȥ˵ֵܵסеĻþȻģһȥġ
á
һֻü˵һá֣ͱҶǳųǰȥ
ΪҶǳѾܵһǿϢԶ
˾ܹǼһôͱɱˣҶǳЩ𾪣û뵽Ǹʥô׷ˡ
֮жԷ׷ɱ˾ܹҶǳҲһЩյġ
նԷèϷ̬϶ɱСģȻǿġ󡯡
ٲֻأû뵽Ȼͨ飬ѵľѾﵽ˵һ㾳磿ղǼһ˵ĹȻû츳ȷǿ
һһ˿𾪴
ͬʱ֮Уɱ
ҶǳûͷҲ֪Ǹʥӡ
ûзϻҶǳֱתɮһĹߵʯ·һߣȻת俴Ŷʥӡ
ʱǸʥѾʯ·ǰȤضҶǳ·赲ң
Ҷ֣ˣǱŻҲûлˡһŶʥӣЦ
Ҷǳʥӣ˵ģý˶ǽս֣ٲɱҡ
Ҷǳš
ȻҪΪǸʥӻûǿɱĵز
ţʥؿҶǳɭɭŵˣ졣
δ䣬ʥӱĳѾͬʱһǿĽϱҶǳͷһâ̱
Ҷ֣ˣһϽȥͬʱȫ߶սףһɽɫĹâλ档
ҶǳҲ˺ڽĿؿʥӣղǸˣûнɱ㲻ô졣
˾ܹʵȻԶԶȲʥӣһҪӣʥҲҪһʱ׷ɱܻô졣
ԣҶǳΪʥûɱ˾ܹЩɻ
Ǻǣң˵츳Խңʵǿɱ㣬˵ͨһأӶһ١
ʥɭЦĻ֮ȴɱģɱǣϾͻˡ
˾ܹ쵰һԣʱŭ
ҶǳҲû뵽˾ܹôգҿʯ·ıˡ
ˣ֪Ҳ֪ˣɣҿɲһ˵츳һҪǿʥɱ
˵֮ǰЩ˾ܹĻҶǳ츳ǿۿҶǳͨٲֻأͲòˡ
Ͼܹʯ·Ļþֻľﵽһ㾳С
ҶǳŶ
ͣôµľ츳ȷпҪԽ
Ҷǳ֪룬һԩȫǿſɮһĹǿԼľ
ʥҲϹèӣȻ´ˣǽȴһģΪҶǳ츳ȷǿ
ɱңͿûˣҶǳֳֺڽ俴Ŷʥӡ
ʥӲٷϻֱӰγĳһҵĽâʱŰ׵գͳҶǳնɱ
ⳡǳ𺳣ǽա
ҶǳӲһæˣǶԷĽ̫ˣѾ˷ƣҲ޷
ѣҶǳֻúһժ֣սУҲֻսԶ̹ˡ
򽣾ʱѾˡ
䣡
սһֻ޴ǳץסǴ۵Ľâȴâ˺ѡ
ժҲסâ
ժҲΪҶǳȡһЩʱ䣬ܹһķâúڽס
ʲôժ֣Ҷˣʥ͵ؾŵصҶǳ
Ҷǳһ֪ԼժֱԷϳˣһע⣬ȻһҶ죬ҾҶˡ
ҶǳᵽһҶ졯ĸ֣ٽҶǳʩչժ֣ʥ֪ԼĲ²ˣɫɵһ
һҶ죡
ҶҡǱлһҪԶԶǿսҡ


278 ǿս
лȻϣΪ̫ˣԴԽԽ٣ʹǼʵҲԽԽ
Ҷңһڣλս۷ʱ
Ҷųǿսҡ
뵽ʥӿҶǳиһ˿ɵ
ǱҶҵ֪ɱҶҵˣôлҵʥӣҲֻ·һ
ѾˣԹҲ޷ˡ
ˣ⽣ڣڣ˭֪ɱȻʥɱʢ׼ɱˡ
ҶǳüͷһʥеɱѾµʲôæˡ
ҶңߣҶҵˣҪȻʥһ漴֡
һθӿͣ䣬Ľâ˺ѳգżĺХ
Ҷǳʱܵв
һԽʵӽսˣҶǳɫ䡣
Ľ
սѾǸ߼սˣʵԶԶǿսмս
ѧԺڣѾԳΪԺԺˡ
ʣʵڿԿ˵ġ
Ҷ֣㵽Ȼһӱ
һ̣һŽĳսףҶǳǰ棬סâ
֣Ҷǳһ󾪺
Ȼһ˶ɳȥŰҶǳҲײɳȥ
ûˣҶǳܿˡ
һȻųսһƨڵϣ㶵ؿԼ˫֣ɵùЦȻҵսˣս׵ҲǿˣȫԵסһĹ
ȻԵסսĹսѵһƷҶǳ־ϲ֪ս׷ǳû뵽̶ֳȡ
Ʒ
Ȼһϲ
ǸʥӣĿȵضŷһϵĳսףЦû뵽ȻһƷƷķϣһһȫʬ
ߣԲѣΪ㻹κε𣿡һվĴһϵĻҳм֮ɫ
֪˳ս׵Ŀ·ı
Ҷǳһ㣬վѵСĵ㣬ܴ⡣
һ˵ͷɶʥӳСӣ㲻Ҫɱүվ򣡡
Ҷǳʱ
ʥŭһҵҪսжô񣬿֧Ŷã
˵գٶȻӶгһһâɱ
Ҷǳæ㵽һ棬һ֧ųսףЩâĲϺˡ
Ҷ֣ȥǰ취ҵս֧Ų˶áһʱˡ
ҶǳԷ˷ۣղŻŭ
ҲŭҲŹǵġһڨڨ
õģֻҪ֧סһʱˣܿ˾ܹͻˡҶǳ漴˵
˾ܹ񣿡һһ㶣漴㶵ؿҶǳҶ֣Īɵ˰ɣ˾ܹǣ˵ûʵУҲǡ
ˣҶǳ΢΢Цһؿûдͨ˾ܹڿ϶ȥͨһؿˣʥɱǣʱҲһ٣϶ƴͨһؿֻҪ֧һʱ䣬ͨһؿǾܻˡ
һ۾һ԰ôû뵽û뵽ҷһȻҲ˾ܹһ죬ϣһɹɣ
İɣ˾ܹʵ϶ɹġҶǳᶨ˵
Ҳڶġ
Ҫ˾ܹãһأǰʯ·һǾͱˣ϶޷ͨ
Ѿûѡֻ˾ܹô
ɣҿǻֶܼãû뵽һܹɱһҶˣ˷ܰ棬ǸʥȻڲϵعţɱ
â︲ǣռ䶼ƺ˺ѿˡ
ǳս׵ķǳˣһȻһδκɳȥʼûˡ
Ҷǳһ۲Ľ˵еҲ˰ɣ
ףǿǴ˵һλս񼶱Ĺƶɣսµκιӵнӽսս׿ԶԶȲϡһԿЦ
һ漴԰Ƿսģмһ޴޹ǣȻƳսס˼Ļƺ޹пǴ˵е޻ƽϡ
˵ĻƽϣҶǳ𾪣ѹս׵ķôǿֻĻƽʵҲսʼɣ޵Ѫ츳ʵԺɨսʣ֪˭ɱ
Ҷǳһ룬;ս½ˮǳô򵥡


279 ·
ʯ·ϿգһâХȥƬռû
֮ڡ
һųսףֻſڵϣƾЩâҶǳѹ棬Ҷǳˡ
Ҷ֣ҿֲסˣһҧɫЩףսķѵ̫ˡ
Ҷǳɫأͣټһսľ֮ٻԿܲڵıԪ
ޱ͸ǵıԪԶģڸܵܵвʱǱסһ
ԣԪȻǿ󣬵Ҳֻǵסʥӵһȴ޷ʥӡ
ⱾԪǿɱǸʥӡ
ҶǳҲ򽣾ޱͬһԴڳԿܲܵԪ
Ļᡣ
Ҷ֣Сˣ֪սףʵȻ԰ս׵ӵĸǿҲˡһȻЦ
ҶǳĬȻܹⷽһеĹ˼ɣⲻǷһС
ȻҶǳͷһϵʶʱϾ̣ܶż¶ѡսļҴ֮һܹҶǳѾܲˣҶǳʹãǸܡ
ߣǰԽһͨһʵ̫ûսףˡ
뵽Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵˵ЩûãϽʯָһսһ㡣
һ˵ͷ漴ٷģʼʯٶ̫ˣϾʥӵĹڴʯָսǳ٣֧Ųսġ
Ҷǳ̽ڵıԪԪ޼᲻ݣʶսȥӴԪ顣
ԪסҶǳڣȴҶǳĿƣشһ춯ûС
Ԫ̫ǿˣһսʵҸ޷Ҷǳüͷ塣
ޱ˵ʵǳ£ȻֻǾս۷徳磬ʵսȴһսˣһսʻҪǿһ㡣
Ԫ˿¡
Ҷ֣ҼֲסˣһͻȻתŶʥӳȥһֱ嵽ʯ·ǰͣ
֣ҶǳһΪһҪƴ
ڷһϵĳս׹â֮ɫһôƥĽ𣬽˶档
ͬʱǽԽԽҫۣĽâϯȥʥӶܵ˲
ԪߣΪܾȵ𣿡ʥЦ̺ˡ
ǰʯ·֮ǰ谭ɱҶǳͷһȴ谭˱Ԫ
ԣʥӸû£һξ룬ֱһϵıԪʧż
սľ𣿽ǾɣʥɭؿķһҶǳ
˿̵ķһսȫľڵıԪҲķˣһϢ˼£ɫ԰ޱȣһƨڵϣڴϢţվˡ
Ҷǳãʵ۷״̬֪Լסʥӡ
ʱ˾ܹûдͨһء
Ѿߵ˾·ˡ
Ǻǣ㻹һԪɣû뵽ǸϼһûһԪǲлڣϼһ˰ɣ
ʯ·棬ʥӶҶǳɭЦϧˣԪʵ޷ֻܵסһУȴ˲ҡ
㵽˭ҶǳʵǰʥӶôãȴ֪Է
ʥȻҶǳֻ̧֣еĳָҶǳЦȻǱɣΪԷһǲҵֵģ֪ɡ
㣡ڴʱҶǳ۾һɣ͵شһɿµĴڵĻƽ֮ӿȻǵԪȥ
һ̣ȫڵĻƽ֮š
ǿֲĴƳһ㣬ӿԪ
˵ڻƽ֮ǴǳԽս𼶱ڵӦÿԿԪɣ
ҶǳڣЩţĶעǷɹһж⡣
е˼ʵȻһ࣬ȻҶˣսĴУҶӵܵѪǿ󰡡
棬ǸʥӽͻȻϢҶǳһ˿ʺɱ⡣
ͬʱеĳһָҶǳһҵĽâʱգնɱ
Ҫ𣿡һһʱ¶˾֮ɫ۾
ĿԿƣ
ʱҶǳ¶ϲ֮ɫִĿԿڵıԪ
ңԪҶǳĴ֮󣬾Ȼøǿˡ
һɿµĽХöʥеĳڲոջȥĽâҲ˲ɢ


280 
⣬ǽ⣬ôܣ
ʯ·棬ʥӽסвĳŵŶҶǳ
һµıԪҶǳȫս۶ʵʻĹâһ̫һ㣬ҫ財
µĽ⣬˷ϯóҶǳʥӺͷһˣܵһɳصѹȸС
һͽƣˣ˿ܵǿѹȣֱ˹ȥ
ʥӺһ㣬ϾսǿʵֵܹеĳȴڲҪֶ
ǿıԪǰܵв
ôܿôǿıԪʥҶǳʵ޷СҶǳԿԪΪԼҲ޷Ԫ
ΪѾսʼˡ
ʥв⡣
ղ˵ģ֪ҶǳЦűԪŶʥնɱȥǿֲڰ۳һɳľ޴⽣ֱӴʯ·ɱʯ·Ķ档
һ̽Űƥ
ʥ¶⣬ΪԼѾǹǿĽеĽòˣֶգȻֵͷ
ǽ⡭ôܣ֮Ҳпܳһˡʥг𺳡
оڵȫѹˣֶζʩչֻǰľ޽նɱ
ǽ⡣
ȻûйȴЯž޴ѹƵ˵һ
Сһĵˣʥֱӱȫѹֻ
ǿһĵˣҲܹѹһЩӵ˵ʵǿȣ˵ս
ԣܹˣΪǿĽޡ
ŪڣĽʣ˽⣬һն˶ֻ־ܡ
⣿ǽ⣿
Ҷǳ˿Ҳ˶ʥӵľɵɫһ䣬漴¶һĨ˼ı顣
⣬Ҳë˵ǽеһ־
ë˵ֻ⣬һĽޡ
Ļս𾳽磬ܹһޡ
⣬Ѿ̤Ľã߲ͬ߳һ·Գ֮Ϊޡ
ֻǣԹܹ˿νǷëǡ
ʥ˵֮УҲֻпܳһˡ
ѵޱǰѾ˽⣿Ҷǳ漴Щ𺳡
ޱ˾̫ùˣҲ̫ϧˡ
һľޣȴѾߵ˾ͷǽһʧ
ҶǳûЩ֪֮ϾԪеĽ⡣
ѵõĻᣬܴ
Ȼܽ⣬ȴһӣԼĻᡣ
ڶôʥӣҶǳѾٹעˣΪԷһ¶ˣôֵܵһ
ʵϣһȥʥ˶ûһƬ֮С
ҶǳƶԷ¶ˣȫʬ
ûԪеĽ⣬ǹɽĺƴ
أҶǳжһЩо򽣾ѵ㶼Ѿ⣬ֻҪһԿɡ
ҶǳޱȾϲ
ԪúʧˣǹƥĽҲ֮ɢȥ
ÿµĽ⣬ⲻս־ڽȫʧҶǳϻɴ֮ɫ
ͬʱҶǳҲЩźղŵʱܹٳһ㣬ôõĺôࡣ
Ҳûϵޱǰ˽⣬ȴȥȥһ¾֪ˡ
뵽ҶǳŶ濴ȥȻѾûʥӵټˣԷƱ˺ѳƬȻսȫݻˡ
ֱȫʬ
ɱսҵʥӣػҴСĺҶǳɫأûɱ˵˷ܡ
ѡĻĲôսҵ˶ϣΪ˵սҾһɽڿԿġ
ϾԷһսʼĳ׾ٵɱʱѧԺҲ
ѧԺȥΪѧԺҲǲսҡ
Ҫﵽս磬Ȼ󼤻ƬҶӡǰҶңΪҶӵܡҶǳ뵽
Ψһ·
ȻҲáԸʥӵļ塣
һġˣ׻ᱻʶƣʱԷͻᷴ׷ɱˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ҲΪһСͺһսҶϡ
񡮵аİǲ϶ֵģ⵽սҵϴָǡ
ֻнҶңҶҵǿ󣬲ܱ


281 ·
ʵڲУֻ뿪ѧԺȥʮɽһʱ䣬ȵҽս磬ȥҶҡ
Ҷǳʵ벻İ취ֻʱˡ
Ͼڻڽڣڣʲô飬óȥ˵
ңнڣĸԷҪҵɱ֡Ҳѡ
ϾҶǳûʵػɱλʥӡ
ֻǲ֪һﵽǳĸսңˣȼսҵУӦòǺܶࡣҶǳ漴ҡҡͷιȥķһȥ
һ·һĺҶǳ΢΢˿֪ԷֻǱˣȻͻȻ
ȻƬ̵ʱ䣬һһ۾ЩԺؿŽǰҶǳɵÿЦҶ֣û뵽һˣҲཻһ
һȻΪԼˣˡ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ漴Цں˵ʲôأǻû㿴ܡ
һһ㶣漴æܣǻʯ·Ķ棬ɵ־ϲô᣿Ҷ֣ǼһأѵˣҿƺǵԪ
ҵȷٿǵԪɱڰȫˡҶǳ΢΢Ц
Ѳк󸣰һԴЦ漴ֿϾڻƣͷԶоЩѣǱģҪһʱȫָ
Ҷǳ״̬ɵ˵Ϣһ£ָһʵȥҵ˾ܹһͨһء
ţãһ˵ͷ
ʱԶһŲ
ҶǳͷһһۣЩź
ѵ˾ܹһûȥͨһأܵˣһɻ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵ܣ˾ܹ񲻻ôңΪҪ˵أûǸʥ׷ɱ
ǻ˭һ۾ʯ·Ķ档
һƬ棬֮ǰԪٵģķĺ棬һģӰԽԽ
ҶǳһȻɫ䣺ⲻܣ
ģӰԽԽ¶ʥӵģ
һŵôôǼһûôܣǹ𣿡
ʯ·棬ʥӵӰԽԽһֻһһֻ̧ؿڣƺʲôһɫ˹
ֱߵʮ·ǰʥӲͣؿŶҶǳͷһ⣬ź𣿡
Ҷǳ㲻ܵסһ
ԱߵķһţҶ֣һɱ군ˡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ۾Ŷʥӣ˵ûɱģ
ʥ΢΢¶һĨЦȻûɱģҲסһҸҪסһ
˵ţʥӰֻ̧ؿڵƻ̯¶һѵ塣
塭Ҷǳʥĵ壬йâ
ʥһ𣬽ѵķ飬Ȼӵ俴ҶǳбɱԽԽǿңǰ˲ƷһѶĻڼڵûֻ֮֮Ҫһܷ˲Ƶ֮ڵκһط
˵ʥӵɫŤˣͨ۾ɱغұıû뵽Ȼ˸˷ˣɱһٱ飬Ҳⲻ𡣡
¡¡
ʥӵĴ֮£Χһ𶯡
ҶǳͷһѾĿɿڴ
Ȼıսʣܱˡһ֮ɫ
Ҷǳ򰵰ЦԷıѹɱ
ҲԣԷϾǳսң˵ûʲôıǲء
ҪˣҶǳ̾˿Ҳ޲ˣϾԪҲûˣһĳսûá
αˡ
ʯ·ʥЦҶǳͷһףɭЦǷģҲôɱǣҪеһһ飬ʹ֮ܶԵǿ˲Ʒ
ǾɣҶǳҧҧѷһӵ棬źڽս⡣
ȻҪҲҪսҲһ⡣
¡¡ͻȻ𶯣ܵǽڶҡռƺҪˡ
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ʱͷһʯ£ѿһ޴ġѷ졯Щѷʯ·ضˡ
ңҶǳʥӵӰԼԽԽԶ
֮ѷԽԽ󣬰Ƿֱ
ʥṳֱ̆նҪҶǳսԷС
ͷϿľʯ̫ˣЩʯͷһСɽһܿͰʥӸûˡ
ȵЩʯͷ֮ѾҶǳͷһӰˡ


282 ս
ڣڣǽڱѿ飬ռ䶼ڷ仯
ʥӱЩʯͷˣҶǳͷһҲˡ
ǶǿߣЩʯͷĹǺǿ˲ǡ
һгս׻壬һƶûУҶǳﵽԲ磬ǲںЩʯͷ
˴һЩʯͷƶš
Ҷ֣⵽ô£һ졣
ҶǳȴЦĺˣǴѲкˡ
һҲǱתһˣ˷֪ܵˣ˾ܹǼһͨһأ﷢仯ˡҪлǼһˣղżֱǧһǲҪˡ
ɲҪлˡҶǳҲЩ¡
ղʵ̫ˣֻҪ˾ܹһǾͱˡ
Ҷ֣ȻָսˣǸʥӣҲûһ˿֮ˡȻһϵĳսȻĨеľӡҶǳ˵
Ҷǳɫһ漴æֵ֣ⲻУ̫ˡ
Ҷ֣ɲ͸ģֻڽڣһ°ˡңⶫǷҵĴֻ֮мʸգҲֻǽһ£Ȼȥ֮ҪȥءһЦ
ûⶫʵǴˡҶǳ˵
һٺЦҲһս׽ã򱣻ңֱ뿪ڣôƽɣ
ҶǳĬȻȻ֪һ⣬лЩж
ãڣԲµġҶǳ漴ûƴǣⶫҪȥģֻʱһ°ˡ
ӹս׺ҶǳͿʼоԱߵķһóʯʼָսˡ
Ҷǳ漴ʼսףս̫ǿˣǼƷֻսʲʹá
սµҪǳѣ֮ǰһҲүүչԪİ£һݣǿġ
Ҷǳڿûһս۷ǿ߰ԼֻԼˡ
þϾ˭֪ʲôʱǸʥӡҶǳ뵽
ͬʱʼڵսսס
ֻǣٶȷǳٶȥҪһزʱƻ˶ˡ
սҲ̫̬˰ɣҶǳɵĿɿڴҲ֪ԽǿԽѡ
ϾսǸսõġ
Щ߼սҲҪʱ
ȥСҶǳüͷڽڣڴһأңʱʥӿ϶ҵˡ
£Ҷǳ˼
ͻȻҶǳ۾һ뵽ԼǰٿǵԪ
ȻԲٿǵԪôսףǲǿܶࣿ
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ʣµʯͷһûʲôˣǶѾˣֻڴʧܺ󣬽ʻʲôô
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ʯͻȻһһ֣ҲýģϾڣôΣգýģҲͲðˡ
ѧϰĽҲǴѧԺѧģʮֵĸ
һͬɨǧƥ
Ȼֻǵҡͷʵ
δ䣬ʱѾָ罣ɵصʯгĽ棬һǿӽʵָ֮бʯĽһӻҿԼǱɣѪɳȥ
һԵҶǳһɫޱȡ
ʵΪȻѹˣĽʵڣǽʵԶԶˣһ۾Ϳʯ
Ҷǳţ˿̻ʯҲᱻץסġ
ϾڽĳɾͣѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ʣҵѪգͻȻԶķһһһĿѪʱƲ񷣬Žȥ
˷ַһ֪ʱѾóһѪɫ󹭣۾ʡ
ȻһŽʻʯʱƥһ
üҶǳ̾һʱ̫ˣר㣬ֱ̫ˡ
ҲͷܹѪʩչһÿһΣټʮꡣ
ˣǽȻָѪ벽ûкˡ
һЩʧǹ˵Դʮ꿪ʼÿ춼ҪһΣѾֶʮˡ
ľͬʱҲЩ
ʮһգǺεȼ͵ԡ
ʿŷһ˵ͷȻӸһ飬˵ڹ츳šХ¡һλǰۿǵս̶ϼȻƲ񼶹ʥ֮Ƕ⣬ϣ㲻Ҫû
лǰһԴϲ
ʥǱҴѪաҪǿ
һʵ̫ϲˣŹԺʵǣǷҲٽһ
һѧһļ֡
ڷһĻæšХ¡սռָڡ
Աߵ˾ܹʯ˶һۺ졣
ҶǳΪһеˡ
ֻʥӲмһˣʥһʥ˷ܳվǷˡ
ȷԲм
Ϊлӵеʥ̫ˣǵлʥмٱټлЩս𼶱ǿµʥǧ֮ࡣ
ԣʥмһˡ
Ľʵһζ׷ȴ֪ĸʵ
ʴ˿Ŀתʯָ֪ʲôӣ
˻һҶǳɫŽʡ
ֻʥɫȻ΢΢Ȼ֪
ʯ򹧾񣺡ǰָ㡣
ʿ˵ںʱ޷ģΪ˵ֵ޵ɱ¾һʼֻľΪУһ֦һĽޡν豹棬߾磬һһľԿΪ
˵գҲӸʯһ飬˵ⱾľҲһλսǰĽѧ֮ǿֱ׷ս
ȻСľ
ʻһ䣬ԱߵʥӶʱɫһ䣬ĿʯеǱ飬һ˿̰
ҶǳһսҵʥӣӵսȻšľɼ˾ѧĲ
ʯûзʥе̰еġľ˷ܡ
Ҷǳ״ɵҡҡͷʯ֪ͷνƥﻳһõǼѧڳ˾õҲûжȤԶ⡣
ŽѧʥӶ飬ο˾ܹˡ
ڿ򡶲ľʱѾ̰ˡ
ʵĮɨһۣ漴Էһʯ˵ˣǵĿˣѡ뿪Ǵһ뿪
ǰѡ뿪ҵ뽣ڣԽԶԽáʯʱȲ˵ȻҲܵʥӺ˾ܹĿ⣬Щˡ
ԣʵ˵ͷ漴һأ
һתͷҶǳҶǳЦ˵֣ȻȥɣǱֻܻȥٻˡ
˵ǳսס
ôҶౣءһ˵ͷҲ֪ԼʱֻܳΪҶǳۣ뿪ʱ򼴱Ҷǳ򲻹ʥӣҲƾս׵ķߡ
£һҲͬʯһѡýڣԽԶԽá


289 ս
һ֣һʯʧӰˡ
ҶǳĿֶΣɵð̾ȴǲֻ֪Ҫڽʵ棬һͷܽ㴫ߡ
ŷһʯ뿪жʱֻʣҶǳʥӺ˾ܹˡ
ʿǣʵ˭
ʥȻûѡ֣Ϊղŷһʯû̽ʵʵ׼ٵȵȿ
ҶǳҲһ
˾ܹ񿴵һʯԼܶˣõ˽͵ʥѧ˿ѾȲվ˳ǰɡ
ʵ˵ͷ漴ԼΪѹս硣
˾ܹһȫԼսĻսһʮְԵȭܵĿڱ졣
ò˵ΪѧԺϯѧԱǰţʵȷǳǿ󣬼ֱӽһսˡ
㽣ұ磬սѹҲѹ㡣˾ܹа뵽Ҳûд⣬һ־ȫһȭһȭͬɽһ㣬಻ư硣
Ȼ֮˾ܹ֪ԼˣҴķǳס
Ϊʽһָ͵˾ܹüģ߸߾ȭͷҲ䲻ŵ󺹡
̫ˣ
̫ˡ
˾ܹ˽ʵĶ֪Ϊʲôȴ޷нʣֻؿŽԼǰһָԼüģԼȥЩȭͷȫ˿ճ
ȭһζ׷ˣȫѹˣˣܵһ㡣ʺָ
˾ܹȻвʣҲֻҧͷлǰָ㡣
ʵ˵ͷ漴һͬʣҲӸ˾ܹһ飬˵ŽȭҲʥȻϲ׷ôȭʺ㡣ɺϵԿġ
ϧʺһ仰˾ܹûȥ˿̽סеġȭ˷ܣﻹйʵĆ¡
ҡҡͷ漴˾ܹ˵Ͱͳ˽ڣ
ľɵҲ
а뵽ͬʱǰֻʣµҶǳʥˣУҲȺ󣬶һɡ
˵գһΪһҶǳһʥӡ
ҶǳʥӶһû뵽ʻȳ֣ǵ׶еţܿӭϡ
ݣ
һƳգϮҶǳ
Զңһâ¶
Ҷǳûٿˣʩչ򽣾һ㡣
ҶǳҲʩչ򽣾һ㣬һ潣ʱգʵǱײȥ
ڴʱʵǱȻһӷѳʮѳɱ
ҶǳüͷһȻȽʵֶΣҲ̲ٿʣµľŰ潣ӭϡ
ʵʮѳٶȷѣΪһٰѳɱ
򽣾㣡
Ҷǳɫһ䣬û򽣾㣬Ҳûʣ潣Բٿˡ
㻹û򽣾㣡ʴ˿̿˵
Ҷǳ򽣾㣬һ㣬ֻƷˡ
˵գҶǳԼս߶˼ޣȻóڽһɨȥǿֲսƺˮһϯ˷
ʲٿصһٰѳʱ˰У·ܵһǿȻ׷׵ɻȥ
ȻؽһȻﵽԲ硣ʶҶǳɫ΢΢
ҶǳХһǰҲһ
δ䣬ڽѾ˺Ѳ񷣬һ췣֮Уݺݵɱ򽣻ʡ
ҶǳĺڽûнӽʣбһȺǧ֮࣬һûҶǳ
򽣾Ĳ㣡
ҶǳȻѿ
ͻȻˣȻѹסΪĽ绹ڣҲ˵ʿ԰򽣾ʩչ㣬ɵľ硣
һɱжôǿ
Ҷǳ֪Ǵ˿̵һǧȴѾܵ˾޴в
вûҶǳȴܵڳһǿս⡣
ΣҲģҶǳдڵ˵ս⡣һɲ־֮бһ⾳ɢ
ԶĽʼ״۾΢΢𣺡ӺǿĽ츳ȻѾʼˣսˡ
ȴǲ֪Ҷǳڳսܵ˻ƽһĲս⣬˿ڽ򽣾ѹ֮£鲻Խ뵽ԼĽ֮С
ҲҶǳĻԵɡ
нʵѹҪﵽһ»ҪܳһʱС


290 һ
֮УŰƥķâƬƲһ˺ѿ
ˣĵӰƬ֮нսš
һ˷Ϊ壬ֱ𹥻Ҷǳʥˣ̧־֮䶼ϯ콣ǿµɢȥƬ𵴲
ܵĹѾ飬ʯ˷
򽣾Ĳ㣡
Ȼʴһʱޱȣӥһµʱ죬һ۵ĽڰкХ
ֻһǧѳͬһɺֱϱҶǳʥӳȥ
һ˲䣬Ҷǳʥӣ˶ܵ˾޴ѹ
ʥӸǴʣƭˣ㵱ս򽣾Ĳ𣿡
ֻ˵Ϊѹƣ⽣ʵȴ޷ѹƵġʵ˵
ҲܰѽΪҲѹƣΪǲʵ
ҶǳԽ߼࣬ʥҲԽ࣬ҪǽڰΪѹƵıǵʱ򣬻ҪѹԼĽΪǻôܴùǣ
ǽʿԽʮǻ࣬ⲻʵ
ʵϣֻϣҶǳԼʥӣƽһս
ΪʵĽΪ̫ߣѹʵͬһ磬ʶɱҶǳʥӡ
ɶ񣡡
ʥʵĻʱ־ŭ漴һ˶ͬʵһµĽϳ𣬽ǰնն롣
ȻԽΪѹңҾԾԵʵ㣡ʥһԼսȫԾԵһ
նνʽ
ʥӴһܸ֣ȻȫͷϿջۣγһ޴ޱȵ֮ͨѸٳŶĽնȥ
һǧѳɵĺҲž޴Ĺ⽣û
֮䣬ϵײȻһıը
գʥѪɳȥҲ޴Ľʮ
նνʽлһӴʥսû뵽ȻѧˡʿѪʥӣеһ¶һ˿͡
ʥԣȻʣһӵȻ㣬Ѿﵽɲľ磬лӽǿߡ
Ľһζ׷ѾƫǲܳΪġҡҡͷ
ߣʲôս׷Ǽʡʥӳ
ȥʣ㻹׼һɣʵ˵ͬʱ󣬳һѳ
ɰ
ʥɫ䣬ŭ򽣾㣡ⶼǿԿս𾳽ȻԸһһսҿˣңѴнȥ
ֻþսΪ߶һб£ȻԽӵ¡ʵ˵
ܣһû˿սʾµסʥӸţýˣ
סҵĴԵȻ鵭Ȼ
ͬʱһѳѾͬһӿն𶯣ض˺ѣһĽںХţĩջһĳ
ɶ񡭡ҺƴˣʥӴȻľʹ˷ֻþȫȥֵ
һߣò׵סһǧѳҶǳ˿ҲͬʥһһѳĹ
Ҷǳɫͬ䣺򽣾㣬ǽܹ۷尡εֵ
ʥһҶǳҲһֵܵ
ϾԺս𼶱ǿ߽һ
Ψһƣǽʴ˿̴ս磬ҵ硣սС̫ˣֻѹˡҶǳа롣
ͬʱҶǳֱӿڵĻƽ֮ţһǿϢϯ
ţĽüͷһЩؿҶǳû뵽ҶǳϢͻȻ֮ǿôֱ࣬൱һˡ
ǿ츳Ҳòһ
츳ԣ˿̵ҶǳѾǳӽˣԺսҵӱȼ硣
츳ս½Ҳûжˡ
ǾǿߣǾţעǳ
뵽ؿҶǳиһ˿ڴСӣϣԵסһ
ʱҶǳѾһѳûˣĵطǽҫ۵Ľ⡣
ҶǳԽУʩչƣԾԵ߶սǴԲȫһ֮С
ǿһ壬ʹҶǳϽʢһ޴Ľɫ񣬾ıԽԽߣͬһһ㣬һϯ˻ġ
ϸԷ֣ףǺҶǳһģһ


291 ݼʦ
˿̣ޱߵķҶǳӿسɷһһ޴ġe֣âҫĽϯȥ
ΧâȫҶǳһƵ档
ʿһĻɵôһƣսڿɮһǵõɮû뵽Ȼˡ
Ҷǳû취ػΪ˿ѹܴȻƵסΧĽ⣬Щ̫ˣȻ಻ƺͲưոݡ
Ҷǳֻҧ߶ڵš
䣡
Ҷǳû˵ڲԶȴһĵ
Ǹʥӡ
ˡ
򽣾̫ǿˣվǼֲסò䡣Ļټȥ㲻Ҳˡ
Ѿ˲ˡ
䣿ʿӻ֣Ľ⣬˵ȻˣҵĽУԵˡںôлҵĵ̣Ҳĺô
ʥҧĵغʣȻ½УΪλҪŪڣ
˭˵Ҳˡʵ
û˿ս絲ס򽣾㡣ʥӺ
ܡֻһսָŲԶҶǳ
ʱҶǳѾʱ̣ȻѪΧĽҲԵؼ٣ȻǿԳˡ
ⲻܣ
ʥӵɴ۾ŵҶǳ𾪵߽Ȼ߽ôܣѵҶһӣӵĻΪôô͡
Խսʤˣһֱģһֽɡ
ԣһܹԽͻᱻΪ
˿̣ʥӵ򽣻ʣû뵽ҪȻ߽ѹôû˵õĴС
˰˽ΪҵĽˣȻٵôﵽ߽ʵ˵
ʥвʣԶҶǳǼʣǷŭŨɱ⡣
ʥӣ˿Ҷǳ¶һ˿Цݡ
߽Ȼ˵㣬Ǵӽ츳ܹƣƷҲаֵü̳ҵĽ뵽
ܹƵˣʲô˺ʹħͷҶǳƷǷǳĵġ
Ƭ֮䣬ҶǳѾסʣµĽ⣬һƨڵϣڴϢš
̫ǿˣҹؼʱ̵¸ֲҶǳڵϣҲὣʥӣֱʼ˷ָĵ
ʱҶǳΣյģʥֻҪ֣ԿԻɱ
Ҷǳ£ǳģΪͨ˿飬ǾǽʵĴˡнڴˣʥӻˣʲô
ʵϣ˿̵ʥӣĺ޲ûɱҶǳǿ˿ԱߵĽʣͲôˡ
ʥһ˿ĹâҶǳ뵽Щ֣츳ҶӵܣͿѾΪսˣֻվΪʩչժ֣ȴġ
úúòһ飬ҶӵܣҾͿԺ޹˼ɵسˡ
ʥгɱ⡣
ȻϥŵҶǳ¶һ˿
ɫƶ漴ӰһҶǳǰһָüģȵͻƣһ֮
һ䣬޾˷۹Ȼ˳ŽʵָҶǳӿȥ
ʱҶǳоԼ·ĺ֮Уڵս˲ͻָˣһڲϵǡ
ƣҶǳдϲͬʱҲ˽ʵɵæץסʱŰսƿȥ
䣡
ʶ֮һҶǳƿڱ忪ˡ
һ̣Ҷǳڵսٶ࣬ҲϵȻսǻսƹ֮ˮһ㣬˳澭ڱš
ս磡
ҶǳмΪٶͻƣ˰ս硣
ΪҶǳʵҲõ˾޴
˿̵ȫɵػսǿ˻ƽ֮ţôսаսˡ
ȻⶼǶ˽ʸṩԴԴĻҪԼʯ֮ȡǾ̫ˣҲ޷ץסͻƵ
ʱҶǳµºܽս硣
˵Ϊʡµʱ䡣
뵽ҶǳæվضԽ񣺡лǰȫ
ʲôʶҶǳ
Ҷǳһ漴ȻȻֱӶŽʹ£ͷͽݼʦ𣡡
ãʴһ漴Цڲ֮ǰôĮˡ
ԶʥһʺɱؿҶǳ


292 򽣹
ѾлҵСӣҲ뿪ˡʴЦ֮ĿؿԶʥӡ
ʥҧؿһ۽ߵҶǳٿ򽣻ʣߵʣôҲǰǰ˵ˣʧҲкôΪǶУƫƫûУѵ˵
ôлҲһֱԼĽ޵ѵ㻹̰һɢ޵ĶʵЦ
ߣҪǲҲУʵûǿʥЦ
һۣ漴Į˵ҽ˵㻰ȻҪҾ͸㡣
˵գһ鱻ʶʥӡ
ʥæסһⱾȻдĸ֡ľʱдϲЦ˵ʣлˡ
ʥ飬ȻԽһ
ʿ˵лҵĽһ̰Ľ³ɡ
ܽˣʥӵ˵ͷȴ¶һ˿ΪȻ
Ҳöԣֱӻ˻֣뿪˽ڣ
󣬽ת빬Ҷǳ档
֮ڽ̻ԻͣװλȻȴֻǰڷһӣ֮⣬
ҶǳֻһɨȥͷЩڷŵ飬Ȼȫǽ
ӻƼսʥսȫС
ҶǳȻûϸĿ⣬Ҳܿó˵˵Ҳ򱾽սвЩ𺳡
ʿҶǳ˵ú𣿡
ʦղŲǸʥӲҪ̰ĽΪʦﷴռôལҶǳ˵ͷֱ˵еɻ
ûΪҶǳɶŭ͵ص˵ͷ̶͵Ϊľ粻ͬ
ŶҶǳ졣
ʼ˵һŸո̤Ͻ֮·ǵʱ;ȫķڽ棬ҪֳһЩΪһܹڽеʱͲˡ
ˣ
ҶǳȻ򣬵ͷǵʱ侫ޣרһ·
һУ츳ֻҪбɡʵ˵ͷ˵㵽ս۷徳磬ҪΪʦһ۱½һҪһҪ˽⣬㿪Լĵ·
Լĵ·Ҷǳȵؿ򽣻ʡ
΢΢ЦѵΪΪʦǿĽֻ򽣾𣿡
ҶǳԣȻ뵽ʥǰʩչնνʽɵ۾һ
ʰȻЦлҵһӶնνʽʥ۷սѵһʣûдԼս𣿡
˵գߵһǰгһ飬Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ漴ȥ
򽣹ڣ
Ȿս֡
ʿҶǳ˵Ԫ޶ʱһ׼ڣһ߹ԼһѧȻٴš򽣹ڡⱾսȻȲлҵġҲȲġơȴŽ޵ǱԪ࣬ƾս񾳽硣
˵вɵøһ˿Ȼ
ΪһʦԼĽ츳оŵģлҵڽ⣬ԼĽκˡ
ҶǳСĵ㷭򽣹ڣһ۾Ϳ򽣹ڵĴ٣ͬʱҲ˽ս
ս˵ս˵һľ硣
һһʼԴ
ʴ򽣹ڣǾǽһյ㣬˼ǽеĽ۳ɡһۼɽԴ
̫ˣûյ㡣
ԣ˵սǱޣΪмɳĿܣֻҪĽԽԽǿսԽԽǿ
ΪսôⱾ򽣹ҲΪս
Ҷǳɵһɾ壬̾ʦսʵ̫ˣǽʦ伮
΢΢һЦƺҶǳͣ漴¶һ˿ź˵ϧΪʦս֮󣬱Ѿľȥսȴһֱû֪ϣܹѧ󡣡
󣿡Ҷǳһ㶣漴𾪵ʦѵҪ˶ս
Ҫ֪ս½ǿ߶ǰԼľѧĺҪ˴֮Ż֮ǳǲӽԼľѧսй
ҲֻпɮһҰԼľѧսˡ
ɮһľѧսɫһҪߵ츳򣬶ҲҪĵһж֣֮Ǿǰ͸㣬Ҳѧᡣ
ԣɮһŸ㴫˾ѧս
򽣹ڿɲһֻҪȥκ˶츳ٲˣѧһɣһ
ľѧ䣬Ҷǳ˭ᴫġ


293 ʦͽ
𾪵ҶǳʺǺЦҲҪС֣Ϊʦû㴫ڱ򽣹ڣҲҪһ¶ԷƷЩ˴ħͷɲܴǡ
ӵȻᣡҶǳæͷЩ𾪣Ͼ˼ԷǲԼĵӣֻҪƷȥǾͿԴڡ
ƺҶǳ˼Ц˵֮ǰ𽲵£Լһѧս½ϵˣս½ʵ嶼һ׶Σһ۷ʱȻұȼ𣬵ҲϣԸĽŲΪս½һ⡣
ʦ壡ҶǳɵȻ𾴡
ʰ˰֣ЦҪô߿ΪʦΪʦҲ˽ĵģϾѧϰ򽣹ڵԽ࣬ôҽʵĴᴫԽԶ˵һʹһ꣬˼ǵҡ
ҶǳЦǽ򽣹ڴ鿪Ӳ˵ģԺѧ֮ˣǶ֪ܲʦˡ
ܹΪʦһôΪʦҲ޺ˡʸ̾
ӱ֤Ҷǳɫص˵ͷ
΢΢һЦȻִǰһݸҶǳɫǱľ
Ҷǳӹһķдţϲĸ֡
򽣾ǽ²ľ͡򽣾Ǿġ䡷һԽ͵
Ҷǳ˵ͷȻ󷭿ⱾľʱһĵĹ侫̶ȣȫȿɮһĹ
ҶǳϲǣĹͿɮһĹǰȫͬ·
ɮһĹһ֣۷徳磬ʯһᶨƾٴķ籩Ҳ޷ҵ飬ĸǾǡ㡣
Žľ޽ĵģҪĺͽһħ谭һ˺ѣһâ¶
ʣŽľʺҶǳãֱ޷
ңҶǳԽĹޣϣôЧ͸ˡ
뵽ҶǳϲʤЦ
ʼ״ЦЦˣȥϸҲ١
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μģҶǳ˵ͷ漴ӻ֣ڵнȫսռָ档
ſյĹҶǳкȻ뵽ЩսҶܿһɣˡ
ȻֻҶǳԺһ⣬ڿûͽܵĴ㡣
ڿɣǾ͸Ӳˡ
ҶǳԼҪأʱ䣬ͬҲû
˼ȴһӣҲڽѿ
ͽЩ伮⣬ΪʦѾûı͸ˡΪʦЩȫȻڣ
ʿҶǳ̾ͽܶҪָϧΪʦѾ䣬ԺĽ֮·ֻܿԼȥˡ
ʦǧô˵ڸӵľѧսõһˡҶǳæ˵ĺܸмʣΪʼΪƽǰĽ֮·˵ĻԵ
ֻǿϧվȥҶǳЩ˸С
ͽ㻹ʲôʵûеĻΪʦҪһ򽣹ں򽣾ʱ򣬽ڣͻΪʦҲ᳹ɢȥˡ˵
ʦȵȣҶǳæ˵
Ҷǳһʱȴ֪Щʲô֮ԽסʣֻЩᣬϾŸոհʦת۾Ҫˡ
ʿҶǳ㶵ӣʱҶǳ˼ɵðж֪ԼûմͽܣҲ¶һ˿ο֮ɫ漴Ҷǳͷ˵Ϊʦ޸ĸǴս½ҲûнύʲôѣһֱΪʦֻһ顣û뵽󼸰꣬ȴܹӣ޺
ʦ𡭡Ҷǳ۾ЩˣΪ˺ͽʶദһʱ䣬ҵһ⣬ʵˣʦǰǸʥ˵߽˽ʲô˼
ǺǣǶŵȼһνԽ߼սʤˣԾͽ߽ЦŽ͵ΪţֻдƳԽսʤˣܹνšˣҲУǽɡ
ôʦѾ̤˼Ҷǳɵúʵ


294 ͵Ϯ
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ԺǺЦΪʦ˰˽򣬷ĻҲܻлҵһˡ
ҶǳһѹֺųһʣԭʦȻ̤˰˽츳ս½ҲҲ˰ɡ
Ҷǳ漴뵽һ¡
ʦԽ˼սʤˣս𾳽磬൱ڰսǿʵʦαش˭
Ҷǳɻ漴ѯʽʡ
ɫһ䣬ҡͷѾ˼꣬ûб˼ˣΪʦĵ˾㻹ţǻҲԪļޣûҪұ𡣡
ʦ𡭡Ҷǳüͷһ塣
ˣɣΪ򽣾ͽľ˵գ϶ҵİ׹⣬һ۳͵Ľ⣬Ҷǳڡ
һ̣ҶǳоȫɢֻʣһƬڰ
ǰǽΰӰ͸žĽ⣬úڰڲ
ϸˣʴһ漴ʼ򽣾ӵһ㿪ʼһһ߸Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳȻ֪ĻԵ˿иæۿ
򽣾һ㡢ڶ㡢㡢Ĳ㡭һֱ㣬ʶһһΣҶǳӡ̡
ڵ򽣾󣬽ϵĹâʱøӳʢˣȻʼ򽣾㡣
㣬ΪʦûʩչΪʦ̤ս𾳽ģϣܹеôʸ˵
Ҷǳ˿ֻļ£Ϊ򽣾Ĳ㿪ʼľͷǳ£ڿԲ˵ġ
ڽ򽣾Ҷǳ򽣾㲢ǲٿʮѽǽ񽣽Կɲٿء
־磬ֱһ۷塣
ڽ򽣾֮󣬾ͿʼԼԴ򽣹ڣսԴģ˽ȫ棬Ҷǳ˵Ҳ͸ˡ
ҶǳսĿȫսļ£صѧԺϸ
ͽˣһ򽣹ڣҲΪһУŸսֵġ
򽣹һʱҶǳжʱޱȡ
˿̣ʵӰѾɢˣڰգûκϢֻʣĽâŰһµĽ籩ЯŻصڰնݻˡ
һеҶǳ𺳲ѡ
ֱ޷һɵģ̫ˡ

ף
۾ҶǳԼȻʱ֮УвɵЩȣû뵽Լ͵
ٿǰʮѾΧĵ滹𶯣ȻڣѾڱˡ
ʦһ·ߺãһ㽫򽣹ڡġҶǳǰʮţ뵽
ħǰأҶǳ漴תŽڣĳȥ
û߶ԶҶǳͿһǽϵˡ
ǰ
Ҷǳһͻ
ޱˡ
ûиܵһϢ
ޱˡ
Ҷǳٶޱȣһӳ嵽ޱǰ̽̽ޱ˵ޱѾȥˣѾӲ䡣
ǰҶǳʱ۾ˡ
ȻദҶǳȴ֪˶ԼĺãȻû˵УѾޱ˵ʦˡ
ڣҶǳҲܹµóޱصΪԼ׼ġ
ĴȴΪ
һʣһޱˣдϧѾȥ
ҶǳЩҲЩʡ
ȻҶǳޱԱµһּʱһ䡣
лҡл塭
ҶǳֻɨһۣޱڸԼʥӵѾӽ֪ˡ
лңߣ˭ɱʦ֮𣬲죬ҲŹġҶǳг˷ŭ
Ҫ
Ȼ֪лҺǿսңҲġ
ޱ˵ʬսռָУҶǳ㳯ŽڣĳڳȥҪޱ˻ȥúðᣬ﷢ô飬Ҳûȥ
ҶǳոմӽڣڳʱһĽâسնɱ
䣡
һ졣
һʵ̫ˣҶԷѾڳ͵ϮҶǳ޷ֱӱУֻü߶սףѾɳȥ
ڳս׵ķǿ󣬶Ҷǳ̤ս֮ʵǿˣûܵôصƣֻһ˿ѪҺ俴ǰԶǸ͵ϮԼˡ
лҵǸʥӣȻû뵽ԼĲ߻õһȻûشҶǳʱ־ŭǸСӾȻս㴩ˣ
ûһɱҶǳܲģ漴¶ǿҵɱ⡣
ͬҶǳҲɱصʥӡ


295 ŭ
·㲻ߣ㴳ҾΪħǰ𡣡Ҷǳ俴ʥӣ˫ȭһպڽҵĽϵս֮͸
һ̣ҶǳԭһӰѾ嵽ʥǰһݺ
ƾ㣿ʥЦסҶǳĿĽ⴩͸գĽâЩҶǳؿڡ
̫ˣ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ҶǳͫһûзֶԷٶȺܿ죬ǵסһս׵ӲƿҪɳȥ
е˼սȻԷӳȻʥӽҶǳϵĳսףҶǳܹʵǽսףҶǳˣм
Ҷǳ츳ǿĿǰҲֻһսѣѾ̤սˡ
սս֮Ĳ̫ˣο츳Ҷǳ١
սҪˡʥӵͺһгЯŹ·ߣҶǳ·ȫ
ҶǳԼ޷סһֻúڽԼǰȻһµĽâݺײСƺһ˳ȥ
ûõģʦʶ˵ˣ½֮Ψлҵġǰʹ㻹䡣ʥӰȻЦгҶǳͬͥɢһ㣬·ûʹͱƵҶǳæҡ
ǡ𣿡ҶǳһΪνʶ˵лҵĽ˫ˣĽʵ̫ˣƽнɵֵ
Ȼ𺳣ҶǳȴǳлҵġȻôΪлҵһȴܸʦ˵лҵġҲˣΪҸ߰ˡ
˵ͬʱҶǳҲʹ򽣾ʮ潣ʱĺڽһʥӡ
Ȼʥӽһɳ㽫ʮ潣ȫסˣҶǳĺڽҲʥһ˻ʹĺڽֶ
ľҶǳ𺳲ѡ
ʣ
ʥһҶǳЦ֪飬ȻӮлҵһӣҲһʱӮˡǱлҵһӸشǿ̤ս𾳽磬ȴѾԪ޶ֻ࣬ܲڣڣлҵһӣȴѾ̤ս۷壬ʵ԰¡
ԭлҺʦģҲлҵһܹʦлҿ϶ͬˣԶ١ҶǳȻʵ򣬶ʱߴŭһعʥӡ
ҶǳĽͲʥӣ˿̷񣬽͸ˣʥӱƵֻǿս׵ķųסˡ
۾Σǽȴлһӳ£ʦ𽣻Ѿ˼ˣ磬Զֻǵʤߣǵʧߡ
ʥӿŭҶǳɵü̼ˣ˸㣬ʦΪˡ彣âҲлңҾͱлһš
Ҷǳʱ۾ˣŭ
˵һ¶ѣֻһΪ
ȴڵǺεȵ衣
ǾˣȴҲûиҶǳǵҶǳȥ
Ͼл̫ǿˣ㵱˫Ľʣò䡣
ڵҶǳ統ĽʣԽʲҸҶǳ飬ҶǳᱻлҶɱҡ֮С
뵽ЩҶǳɵʦҶǳģһҪسâҴлӡ
ʱ˿̵Ҷǳһͷŭء
ԶʥûһЦԲѣƾҲлҵӣ֪лһѾﵽʲôѾﵽս۷壬ͿҪ̤ս𾳽ˡһΪлҵһӣҽ¡
˵գʥ涯ˣһһҶǳɱ
㡭ƣҶǳڽʩչƣս׵ʹһƱǣâɣһ̫ǰ֮бը
ʥӸû뵽Ҷǳ˽֮⣬ȻƷʱӦͱ˴ɳȥҿѪȻ˲ơ
ƣʥڲԶҶǳޱȣû뵽ɮһ߾ѧȻǰСӸѧˡ
ټҶҵժ֣нʵ򽣾Сѧս
ʥӲɵмޱȣܹһսǾѾĻԵˣսҵӵܣҲһսѣ⻹ڴġ
ҶǳһսֻԵ˭ܲʣ


296 ս
Сӵ˭Ȼͨժֺƣֵõ˽ʴУ߽츳ǼɳȥΪڶʣлҵĸ󻼡
ʥĨǵѪҺҶǳ˼תɱʱǿࡣ
Ҷǳȴ࣬˿̷ŭޱȣ߶Ʊ㳯ʥӺɱ
ս׹âɣͬʥ֮⽫Ҷǳȫ¶棬̺޻ƽϵ޵ҲҶǳ߶֮УҶǳƹâޱȳʢ
ŭ֮еҶǳǸܵ޻ƽ̺Ĳս⣬öӸǿˣһ޵е־֡
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ҶǳһƺʥӣҵĽ̫ͬһâɣǿֲƳһⷽض
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Ȼʥճն죬һĿĽâ˺˿ռ䣬նصƥĽ񷣬âֱҶǳ
ҹҶǳŭ߶˼£ڻƽ֮Ҳ漴򿪣ֲĴӿϣȫ˫֮лۡ
һ̣Ҷǳ·ŭĿգһ˫ѾȾ˽ɫҵĹâʹ˫ɽݺݳʥѹ¡
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ƥĽâҶǳ˫Ʒ飬ʥɫһ䣬ɫһ󳱺죬ȴˣ¶һ˿ѪҺ
䣡ҶǳЯƵ޵Ƽɱʥӽ߾ȫֵȴǵסһƵĿֲݺݵغɳȥײһÿô
ɭ֮УһƬ
Ҷǳڻʥ֮ŭڷйлָһ˿侲ɮһĹԶת׻ָǡ
뵽ǰ֣Ҷǳɵһļ£ҾȻŭͷԣôܣ
Ҷǳһ·Σ֮ᶨë޲ѡ
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ڸղţҶǳоһǿҵɱ⣬·ڸԼҪɱˣɱˣݻһУ硣
ħ
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ޱˣҲΪ򽣾ħٵ˫ۡ
Ҷǳһֱھ裬û뵽죬ǲħ
ɮһĹһ١
Ҫл޻ڴʦҿɮһĹ켴ɱʥӣҲ߻ħһ١
侲ҶǳȻ£ЩԼõ޻ڴʦڵĿɮһĹ
һҪľ򽣾ĺ󻼡Ҷǳ뵽
֮ǰҲ򽣾ĸãָöڱ˵Ǻ󻼣߻ħǶ˽ľ˵ȴĻԵ
Ϊ򽣾ħÿĥľľ°빦
ȵҶǳľ۳ԼĽ֮󣬱㲻پħˡ

Ҷǳ˼תƺܳʵϲգ֮˼ǣ˿Ѿźɳȥʥӳȥ
ʥӣҶǳǲģó㲡Ҫ
ʥӵʵǿܵûȵҶǳϹȥʱѾվһҶǳʱץסĸոպãҶǳһѪۡ
ʯ֮䣬ҶǳԼķƣӲƿűⲱӱԷС
˿µĽҶǳð亹ĵȻһľǿͰˡ
СӣҴˣû뵽㾹Ȼ԰ս׷ӵ˵زҲûϵս׵ȻôǿڼƷҲڶεġ
ʥһҶǳǵѪҺ˵
䣡ҶǳһȵɣҪ콣ħǰ
Ȼƣ˻ƽ֮ڵĴս׵һǳ£Ҷǳشʥӡ
Ȼƺ֮ʣʥ͵һ̤գܿ
ţҶǳ̧ͷŸ߿еʥӣȴǲǣʥѾ̤һս磬ǿԷеġ
һսս֮ƣĲ࣬սԷС
ֻҪսϣսҲܴܿԷϵս
˿̵ʥӣؿҶǳɭЦСӣվֻһսսӵгԽҵ޷УֻڵϳΪҵİӡ
𣿡ҶǳԣǳһĨЦ


297 
ʥվڸ߿УҶǳšΪԼ㹥ҶǳҶǳ޷
ȻҶǳӵԶ̹ժֺ򽣾˫һξ룬ʥΪԼӦ
ҪǣҶǳĳսȻҲֻƲȫӳժֵĻ򽣾Ļûôǿˡ
֮ʥһţϣӶһĽâճҶǳȥ
䣡
䣡

Ҷǳϵض㲻Ҳƾս׵ķסˣһʱûܵʲôѹơ
ʥҲЦҿ㻹ֶܼãҲս޾ȵ޷߶սʱڡ
˵֮䣬ʥӼӽҶǳϵȫʼѹҶǳˡ
ԸоĵҶǳսһһμ٣ϳս׵ĽɫâҲʼð
ѾʼＫˡʥӼ״ʱЦˡ
һʥҲһЩ裬ϾϵžԵİȫҶǳսҲúľˡ
ʱ򣬱ѹƵҶǳͻȻ˵˫ŵŵأһԾϸ߿Уʥһ
漴ʥӾЦҪûشȻҷ˾裬Ȼ߿У㲻Уڿ޴ֻܳΪҵĻӣɡնνʽ
ĿĽâҶǳݺݱ
ʥӿ߿յҶǳܶ
һעҪشҶǳ
ڴʱҶǳȴǳһĨЦ˫ڵҲֳЦݡ
ţʥһȻһɲõĸо
һ̣ҶǳӿֳҵĻ棬һ˫޴ĻҲųȵˣϯܡ
ৣ
һ˳ᣬҶǳѾʥǰѾ׼õƣ߷һ޾գʥӺݺѹ
ʲôʥͫŵصɴ۾ѹû뵽Ҷǳһ˫򣬴ʱҪӦѾˡ
˸㣬ҲУҶǳ俴ʥӣһ˫ҵƣЯӿȵɱ⣬ʥû
䣡
ʥӱҶǳһֱӴӸ߿л䣬ݺݵˤڵϣҳһ޴ӣΧľԵˡ
ҶǳУûмȥɲɾ裬ʥѾش
ҵİˡҶǳӣɵЦ
Ҷǳʩչժ֣۳һֻֻǳƣӺȥ
ժԶ̹һξ룬Ҳ˶١
¡¡޴ӱҶǳժֹΧľԷ飬һʯҲѣӲ󣬴𶯲ֹһƬǽ塣
ҶǳҲʥûУôһֱţֱѵϵʮֹͣ˹
Ӧ˰ɣ
Ҷǳʥʼûг֣öԷѾԼɱˣŴ߶ӷȥ
ͬʱҶǳɱž裬ʱ׼ʥӵĹ
ʥӵĹʼûз֣ҶǳҲûпʥӵġʬ塯
գҶǳʯ飬ҵһЩѵ塣
˲ƷҶǳЩѵ壬ʱһ漴ɫҲ
֪ԼղһŬûɱʥӣԷӵˡ
ǸʥӾȻһö˲Ʒ
ֱﻹΣҶǳһ̾Щƣѵûжֱ𣿵ȼֱȴɱǸʥӡ
ʰʰ飬ҶǳĳǳطȥǷһ뿪ڣ󣬸Լõļƻĳǳػ͡

֮⣬һǱӰԱߵС֮һŴϵشϢš
ʥӣ˵úأɫ԰ףؿ֮һɫӡҶǳһġ
ҲһʥشƵʥӷ˲Ʒ
ɶһ˲ƷҲٵˣ
һҪɱ㣡
ʥŭɱ⡣
˲ƷޱȣҲǻ౦ŴӼ֮жһ˲Ʒؼʱ̱õģԭΪսʣǸ߼սʱõõ
˲ƷȻһΪܶССսƵõˡ
ʵܴ衣
ʥԽ룬оԽŭޱȣһ˫ڵӣ˷ڵɱ⡣
ѧԺ𣿺ߣҾʶһսҵʵ츳ǿսǰҲ۵ʥӿǵķɭЦ
Ѿ뵽취ԸҶǳˡ


298 
ǣһҿջڣҶǳͷһڴ˻ϡ
һҶǳһʱ˿ЦݵҶ֣ڳˣˣôôʱ䣿
ʱǸʥӴһܣķ˲ͣٻָһ£Բŵһʱ䡣Ҷǳ͵
һܣһԵɴ۾ܹߣ
ð˲ƷˣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ϵĳսףЦ˵ζսףƾҲܻʥӡˣѾ뿪ڣսҲûˡ
˵գҶǳս׽һ
һ˿Ѿˣ㶵ؽӹսףŷӦɵöҶǳ˴ĴָҶ֣̫ţˣҿս㱾ͺҴսҲǸʥӵĶ֡
˵գһսս˿ռָ֮УǷҵĴұҲҴ⣬Ȼջ
漴һЩʵˣҶ֣ʴ˭õˣǸʥ𣿻Ҷ㣿
ңҶǳ΢΢ЦҲһϾʥҲ֪飬㲻ʲôܡ
ȻҪй¶ȥǻҶǳ鷳Ͼܶ˶齣ʴУЩǿߡ
뵽˴ҶǳЩģǸʥҲһԸ
ҶǳԴҲ޿κΣֻһһˣˮڡ
찡
һҶǳȷϣɵ֮ɫҶ֣Ȼôǿʥж߽ʴУԡ
Ȼһɫһ䣺Ǹ˵ˣҪõʴУܽʣѵ㡭
Щˡ
Ȼѹ磬Ҳʲô˶Եֵģʯ֣һлܡ
ҶǳȻԻܽʡ
һ𺳵ױȡ
Ǻǣʦѹ˾磬ҵΡˣҲǿԱѣҪʦǲܵġұǸʥӺһ㣬õʦĴСҶǳЦ˵
ʦ𣿿ĵõʴˡһһпǿǽʴаҶ츳½ΪڶʣǿǱ˻ʺԺҪĸǿ߰
Ҳûаʦ͸šХ¡ԺһԳԽǷҵ棬ΪսҲǲܡҶǳЦ
Ǻǣ⻹Ҫлʦ𽣻ǰأ׬ˣ˵õ˽ʴУҲһʥսʥսǰҶֻ󣬾۹ĻңҲһŴеʥսˡһ֮ɫ
ŶˣħǰأֱӱͳûħǰҶ𣿡
Ȼһʵ
ҶǳԣʱĬˣɫЩ
Ҷ֣㡭ôһһʱֲõԤС
ȻֻҶǳ̾ħǰˣնɱǸʥһͷҲ;ƿݣУѾʬսռָˣ׼ȥѧԺᡣ
ʲô
һɫ䣬漴¶֮ɫ
ޱȻĬԣǶǣû˵
ޱ͸һһԪζҪʥУ˵ôջˡ
뵽һҲ̾ϧˣһûüлħǰأֻܵԺÿǰЩƲȥˡ
Ҷǳбһɨָܿ򶨣ǿЦǰԪܹǰԽնɱһλսʼǿߣһܸˣûźˡܹģǺúŬܹ˼Ҷǵ
һҪú´ǸʥӣҲٳΪҶۡһĿᶨ˵
ǼһһɱΪǰѩ޵ġҶǳߵгɱ⡣
һЩǵǼһսңҲ֪սҵĿ£ʥˣưոݵġ
ģҲֻǼһʥӶѣ֪ʥսҵĵλֻеȵģΪǼ岢ֻһʥӣʥӡԳΪӣǼԸǡҶǳ˵Щëġ
ⶼҶǳڰοһʵҶǳиӵġ
ΪһлһλսʣսʼǿߣսУҲһǿˡ
лҲһսʼǿ߾ôĪȥǿ϶׷ģֻǲ֪׷
ҶǳЩھϣëܹøԲߡ
ϾսȻҶǳĿǰû֮ġ


299 
ͷһ֮Ǳ㿪ʼҹǣҶǳ뱩¶Լ֮£ֻܿ˫ȸ·
ֱʮ֮ǲŵִǡ
Ҷ֣ҪȰѳսͻȥˣȥѧԺ㡣һڳſںҶǳֿʱ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴һ˳ѧԺɱȥ
ڵִѧԺ֮Ҷǳ㼱æԺҪ֪ͨЩԺޱ˵Ѷ
ҶǳִԺʱȴӭһˡ
֣Ҷǳϲ˲ϳˡ
Ҷ֣ҲϳҶǳͬϲ
ơ
ںԭֱҶǳСٶȺܿ죬ȸϵǡƣֻһսĻҲս磬û취У·ٶȾࡣ
Ҷǳû뵽뽣ڣʱ䣬ƾȻѾϵѧԺˣҿӣӦýԺ
Щ棬Ҷǳɵ̽ʶ鿴ƵΪ
ʱҶǳѾ˾ս磬ϢЩȣƺǸոսõġ
ҶǳɵЦŹϲ֣ϲ̤ս磬սһˣʱǳŬ
Ʒ˷ۣЦһ·Ӻԭȷ˲ٿ࣬·ˡãڸϵˣھľĥһͻƿ̤˾ս硣
˵գؿҶǳ˵ȻЩҶǾͲ̫Զˡһûʱ·ĴڶѧԺΨһһѧԱҶְãȻѾ۹
ˣ֣һЩҪλԺӦ֪ҵıɣɣȥҵıһͬȥԷ˳һʶ
˵˼仰ҶǳȥԼԼϾм¡
ҲͷҶǳĴҴææԺӣҲ˵ˣҶǳʱȥˣȻǻ
£Ƶ˵ͷȥҶǳıˡ
ҶǳԺϾȥҷһүүչԪûмչԪֻȥɽˡ
ЩԺ֮УҶǳ˷չԪ֮⣬ҲͶɽָؽǰϤһЩ
ңȥޱˣҲɽָȥġ
ǰӦúͽħǰЩϵ֪֪ħǰѶ᲻̫ġҶǳЩѹ뵽
Ƭ̺ɽǰ
ɽǺεΪҶǳʱ͸ӦҶǳɵЦ˵ҶСӣôһ˻ˣأ
ţҶǳһ漴ƿţؿɽʵǰѵ˾ܹʯûл𣿡
ûаôֻħ˼أɽɻؿҶǳ
ҶǳɫЩأ漴ӿռָȡޱ˵ʬ塣
䣡ɽһޱ˵ʬ壬ʱ۾ɵϴһɿµϢϱҶǳɳȥˡ
ⲻܣɽץޱ˵ʬ壬۾ͨޱȡ
ͬʱɽǿϢҲԺʱһԺбչصĸԺǣȫˡ
Ϣ
ɽ
磬㷢ʲô裿

һʶɽɨǿޱ˵ʬ󣬶ʱˡ
漴ҶǳͿһλλԺٸɽӶˡ
ô
˭ɱ˽ħǰ
ⲻܡԽħǰʵսҲɱ

ЩԺŵؿޱ˵ʬ壬һ𾪲ѡ
죡ɽȵ˿Ѿָ侲ֻһ˫ͨ۾¶ĵ׵ķŭ
ҶСӣ˵⵽ô£ǰڣľȫϸϸ˵ɽԱߵҶǳĿ˵
ͬʱɽһλԺȥ֪ͨչˡ
һڸԺĿ⣬ȫ۵ҶǳϣҶǳܵ˲Сѹ
ҶǳͻƵս磬ʵǣԿмսܹסЩ߼սѹ
ģλǰȥڣʱսҵǿߡǷֱһһˣһս츳ǷǸսҵʥӡߣһλһսʣһ־Ϳʼǡ
Ҷǳ΢֯һԣ漴˵
ޱնɱλսʣʥɱˣĽʴУҶǳ˵ˡ
ҶǳԼõʴеϢһ㡣
Ȼ˿ЩԺǶޱ֮Уû⡣ң֪λʥӵǿ֮ҲΪҶǳԶýʴУĵѾΪǸʥӵõ˽ʴС
ֻɽҶǳһۣЩζʹҶǳףԼλǰ


300 
սң
ҶǳĸԺǣȫĬˡ
˲䣬ѻȸ
սҡĸ֣̫ͬħɽصѹͷЩ
ɽ˿̶ޱȣһʱûͷ
ҡǡȻսҡΣһԺЩˡ
̫çײˣħǰôܲ׾ɱˣսңѧԺô죿иԺԹ
ħǰ̫ˣ˾ˣαҪɱˣǿսҵǿ߰
ˣ

һЩԺǣȫˣЩ֡
Ҷǳ޷ܵǣȻԹޱˣЩȥɵúȵλǰǿսʰǶԷҪɱǣѵֻվŲɱ𣿽ħǰҪȫ֣Ķˡ
Ҳɱսҵ˰
ҽħǰԪͲࡣ
ˣ̫Сˣ֪սҡĸִʲô

һЩԺҡͷ˵
Ҷǳ޷ˣɵŭȵʲôԪࣿԪҪվŲñɱ𣿡
ǸԵĸԺҶǳʵ˵ҲЩ߳ŭˣߵСô˵ģ֪սжôǿ֪ѧԺҪʲôĺ۵۹
Ǹǻǻ㲻Ҷǳ˵
˵ĵǼ򵥣ֺܹе֪ǻ𣿡ǸԺЦ
ˣ
ɽںȵɨһۣ漴Ҷǳ˵ҶСӣȻȥǻġ
ǰҶǳЩԥ
ȥɣʵ̫ˣҲﲻʲôæɽ
Ҷǳһ
ǰʵվ̫ˣûгս׵ǸʥӶ򲻹οһսҡ
ЩԺΪʲôôˡ
뵽Ҷǳ߳Ժа뵽һҪʵǸʥӲưոݵġ
ǳȻһϤ
Ҷǳ̧ͷһǷһүүչԪɵæүү
չԪ˿ǳ˰֣˵ڣڵѾ˵ˣھıȻȥɣһҷңлҪ˵
֪ˣүүҶǳҲ֪չԪ磬ٴţԼȥ
һҶǳͿеƺͷһˣ˻˵Ц
ǲҽˡҶǳЦ˽
ƺͷһҲӭ漴һ¡
һЦҲǳϵѾãղŴ֪˲֮ǵ飬ò˵ҶߵҪŪһ갡
˵ҸƵģҶǳԷ˷ۣ漴˹Ц
ˣҶ֣ôˣԺǶô˵Ц֮󣬷һɫָࡣ
ҲʵǰҶ֣ʲô
Ҳ֪ˣҶǳؿƣ漴ֿ˷һ
һͷ˵׷ߣҲ͸ˡ
ܹҶǳҪԿף֪ƾҶǳ֪ĺѣҲûơ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ҲãʡҪ˵һ顣
˵գҶǳ˵ҸոմԺЩԺǶܽźͻңǿ־壬Ҫ鷳ˡ
Ҷ֣֣֮һ˵֪ǲġͻȻ˵
Ҷǳͷһɵÿơ
Ƴ˵ܾԶˣҶǲģ˵ڼǧǰս½ͳһģʱֻһǿĵ۹ͳս½Ϊ۹̫ʱ°һսҵŮӣǿսҷս۹̫ӡ
Ƽ˵룬һ̫ǺεҪǽ˻ʣҪ̳дͳǸ۹ôܻύ̫ӣǽ
ô֣θڰһæ׷ʵ
ƿЦҿûеθڣԼ˵ġ
ˣ˵ôҶǳ˵
Ƶ˵ͷ漴صȻ۹ˣ
ˣһԵɴ۾ʱǸ۹ͳһս½ӵ޾Դ˿ڣǹӦûᵮǿ߰ɣôһһܹôǿ󣿡
˵ʱǸ۹ӵʮλս𣬼սʣսǿ߾͸ӶˡǻǵסǸսҡ
Ƴ˵ʱǸսҶǵ洫ǿսӵһشǸ۹˻ʣȻɱɱսеĻѪʹ۹𡣡
ƵĻҶǳͷһһ


301 
һӵʮλսսʵĴ۹Ȼһ
Ҷǳͷһ𺳲ѡ
ȻֻǴ˵ǲģҲϾ̫ãʵ޴ӿ֤ˡƼҶǳͷһסˣɵæ˵
ҶǳԿЦǲҲ֪ҿԿ϶ֻҪսңô϶ӵڴҪǣ۹޷͵Ǹ۹ᲢۣսҪǣȷ׾١
ޱǰնɱǸлͷ֪ˣһսʣֻһʥӵĸ棬ɳɼлҵǿкܶࡣ
УǸʥҲ˵ˣǼһӶѾ۷սʣӽս𣬹һܻ۹ˡ
лҪ֣۹ѧԺ϶סֻǲ֪лһ᲻Ϊһսʶˡ
ֵġ̶ȡֲ֪Σ
Ҷǳ硣
Ҷ֣ҾȥûʲôôҾǸս׼֣ǵʵҲ޿κΣֻǰ·ˡһЦ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ǰⶼѧԺ߲͵۹߲Ҫǵ飬ЩѧԱֻܿˡ
Ȳ˵ˣһȥԸҶǳҡҡͷ˵
ϵطɣȥλӣɣһվ˵
Ҷǳƣ˵֣һеҪȥ͵
ãƵ˵ͷ漴ͷһ뿪˱
ҶǳҲ뿪˱·ϵʱӿռָȡһöɫĽָϣȻôҡڵع
ȻҶǳⲻģͨɫָѰҡˡ
Ҳ֪ܲҵˣҪܣֶǵ𣿡Ҷǳֹš
С˵ҶǳոȡɫָʱһͨͨӱҶǳԱߣҲۼһֽ
ЩͨͨӾ뿪ˣ粻ʶҶǳһ
ҶǳЩشֻֽдһַɵһ
ô죿ѵרŶѧԺڼңҶǳЩ𾪣ǸողŴϺɫָ˾ͳˡ
ٶȣ˲ò𾪡
Ҷǳм£Ҳûж룬ܿͰֽдĵַȥˡ
һͨͨԺӣԺĶһЩˣźԶʵһɴ̱ǵĳζ
ҵطҶǳȻһЦֵطȷѱ˷֣ϾֻҪˣֵط
Ҷǳֻսס˱ӣȻԺӡ
һԺӣҶǳ͸оһ޵ĻϢǰһȥ
ƿţҶǳ㿴һϤӰǰǸ۹ĸˡ
ӽڣˣջΣ۹ĸ˵ؿҶǳ΢΢Ц
õһʥսʵϽʷǳȣֻҪͨ˵һ㿼飬ĿʧܣҲһʥսҶǳ˵
ĹȻûʵȷѰҴˣֻȺŽȥܼõʡ۹ĸһ˵
ҶǳЩʲô˼ѵ֮ǰȥˣûмʣܰɣǰһ㿼鲢ǺѰ
Ǻǣѣ۹ĸЦţƿؿڵ·¶һһ޴˺ۣš
Ҷǳ۾һУ˿ڣӦǽˡ
ֻ۹ĸ˼˵˰ɣڴһ㿼ʱµ˺ۣҪ˻ƶ޷ӳ
Ҷǳ𾪣Ȼ֪ˡľʵΣ϶Ǹ߼սпǾ۷ս
ǿߣȻڵһ㿼֮Уδģ
ҶǳЩɻҪ֪ʥӵʵͥɢһпˣֻڰٲֻܵѹơ
ǰǿ˵ġ
ΪڣֻѧԺ֪ʵڣк֪ܶˣҲкܶȥһ⣬˲ء㣬ҪѰҴˣЩϼһȻҪֻҪһȥ̶ȾͻӡЩСȥͨһ㿼顣
۹ĸ˼˵
ҶǳȻ
ˣǽȥʮˣǿΪûеõʵĴУѵ˶ʧ𣿡Ȼ۹ĸ˶Ҷǳһ˫ڵ˸ɫĹâ
Ҷǳһ̹Ȼ˵νڣ֮г⣬һսҵʥӴһսʼͽУǲȫûڣҲֻĸѧԱųǴкпܱǸʥӶˡ
սң
۹ĸԣʱɫһ䡣


302 ѯ
һսң֪𣿡۹ĸ֮æʵ
漰սңȻҴ⡣
Ҫ֪ǵȻǿ󣬵Ҳǳɵսҡ
Ҫһ㣬ÿһսҶӵһѹ̵ġ
ʵȻǿǿһս٣ࡣ
ǵˣΪֻڰ¶棿
Ϊû
һսһôնɱսһЩǿİ޷ֵ
𿴵ʵǿ󣬵սֳɱҲֻܡ
ҲΪӵԵʣսʼǿ󣬺ûģǱս
лңҶǳ
лң۹ĸԣͫײһ𾪵ллң
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
۹ĸ˶ʱɫȻлǰս񣬵Ľ̫ǿˣҽǿһ򹥻ǿлҵʵҲǳǿսҵϲεġ
˵ЩؿҶǳȻǣôţλлҵսûɱ𣿡
δӵǽħǰƴԪľնɱλսʡҶǳش
ԭ۹ĸЩȣȻҲħĴ֪ħȷӵɱսʵ̾û뵽ôãϧħ˻ش츳ȻԳΪսʣһһλǳǿսʡˣʬ屣𣿡
Ҷǳԣʱдŭɫȴû˿仯ҡͷħǰȻǿ󣬵ĶսʣһսҵսʣܹɱѾǿˣôܱõʬ塣
ҲԣսҵսʿҪȱսǿࡣ۹ĸԵ˵ͷҲŽħɱһλս֮󣬻ܱõġʬ塯
ϧˣԽħǿԵõʬ壬ǾͳһǿĹˡЩź˵
Ҷǳкܷŭû뵽һҴħǰʬע⣬ЩѹּսҶ޷̵ĴڣЩʵ̫ˣҲ̫ħˡ
뵽ҶǳҲһ˿ɱ⣬֪Լʵ̫ܶԿ
ˣǸлҵʥҲǿԿģߵģ۹ĸ˼ѯʵ
漰սҵĴڣҪ֪ϸѯʵĺϸ
ҶǳȷǿѧԱǱɱģʣĸãͨ˵һ㿼飬˽ʡнڣǸʥҲҳ֣ǿʧ֮󣬾ͱ漴ͳȥˡ
ߣʻ
۹ĸ֮һЦʾǱлҵһشû뵽Ȼлҵܿ飬ԼĽн
ҲǸʥҲûеõأǱϾͳȥˣ˭Ҳ֪Ҷǳ˵
ʱҶǳҲһ˿ǡ
õ˽ʴУлҵǸʥ֪ģԷһй¶ôҲ֪Ҷǳƭǡ
˻ƣôǲƭġ
ԣʱ˾֪ԼҶǳˣˣǿ϶ưոݵġ
Ҳ˵ʱҶǳֹǵлңҲҪټϵˡ
ɶսһĴڰ
ҶǳȻԼģʱҲо˾޴ѹԼδҪˡ
ҶǳҲûѡΪܰѽʴн
ԺСˣ˭֪Ǹʥʲôʱй¶ҵõʴеϢҲֹǵЩԽʴȤҲҵĵˡҶǳ뵽
о˾޴ѹ
ͬʱҶǳ˿Ҫǿ
һˣûǿȴô³϶ܲҡ
֪ƥﻳﰡ
ʴеǻ˵飬δϢǳҪһһ͡
۹ĸ˿ҶǳЦ˵ˣѰǣӦòֹɣ
ǰҶǳɫӦҲ֪սҵİԵǱɱһλսʣ϶˵ǣң̡
Ǻǣǿ϶ˣ۹ĸЦ֪лһ򶼺ܰԵǾԲưոݵġģʱҪ£ǻ˽㣬ѧԺᡣ
Ҷǳ˵֪ѧԺʲô³ǰ֪𣿡
սһϰߣѧԺԺ϶Ͼʧһλսʣôǿ϶ҲҪһսС۹ĸɭЦ
Ҷǳɫһ䡣


303 
δҲ̫Ե˰ɣҶǳһ˵
£ʲôѵ㻹ΪѧԺˣ۹ĸضҶǳĿЩ
Ҷǳһ漴æ˵ҵȻǵˣҲֻǾЩս̫ˡ
۹ĸջĿ⣬ߵţôܲţ
Щ꣬սѹƣҲЩսûкøС
۹ĸ˺ٺЦһѧԺԺ⻹õĽһ㣬۹˻ʶҪսҸ߸ϣΪԼĺЩ˷ںǵ
Ҷǳԣʱ
ڽڣǸлҵʥҲһһ䷲ˣǷ
ƺЩսҵУǾͬϵһ
ˣûʲô飬ȻȥɣҲҪ鴫ܲˡ۹ĸ漴˻֣˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷص뿪˴˵ء
۹ĸ˵ѧԺ۹Ҫͷˡ
ѧԺԺ˻Ļô۹Ҳ֮
ʱ򣬾˻δػᶯ֣۹һŹᡣ
ʱ۹ᱻսӡ
ңһ˻䣬۹ڲҲᶯ֣Ҳ˻֮λ
ᵮһµĵ۹Ҳ˵
֮һϵеĺѾҶǳΧˣΪڻ̫ˡ
ǿսǰǳΪսʣֻһֻϡ
Ҷǳųصȥ¥ͷһǻˡ
˵鶼ܳأسԹƻȥϢˣҶǳ淽һȥңΪչԪ֮ǰһˡ
ʱչԪѾԺˣüͷúܽдĵǣһĳ֮ɫ
ǿҶǳͷһչԪԵûʲôʣֻ˵˰
үүһЩǵؿŷչԪ
ҶǳæʵүүѧԺʲô
չԪЦҡҡͷܹʲôֻܵлҵġоҪǾҪǾ
үүһ취û𣿡һ
չԪҡҡͷսң۹ǿ߼Ҳ˼ɱġѾ֪˻ˣΪѾֻѧԺˣο۹ҲܵǣͬʱҲȥѰԺˣһжȴᡣ
˵գչԪһҶǳҪǰĴ㣬ΪԷһǷҪһЩӢǿ뿪ǣȥĵطϣǳҲһ뿪
үүأһæʵ
ҲǷҵļѧԺĸԺǲ뿪ģҼҲҪѧԺչԪҡҡͷ˵
үүҲҪһĿᶨ˵
֣չԪȵһֻۣЩο̶ŷһĳ˵㸸Ƿ츳õģҪ֧ңҪϵĵӣԲ¡
˵չԪȷһ˵ֿҶǳ˵ǳһүүҲ㵱ӿǺѣϣԺܹ֣ԺǿˣҲչһǷҡ
Ҷǳ츳չԪȻһҲӷһ֪Ҷǳõ˽ʴС
˵˽ʴ֮ҶǳԺ󶨻ǰ;ԽѧԺԺ˻ʶָտɴ
˵δʲôɽô϶Ҷǳˡ
뵽չԪйâһһѽɫսףǼսס
չԪḧսףȻݵҶǳǰ
ҶǳһһԵķһҲˡ
үүǡҶǳ㶵ؿչԪ
չԪɫĳصĺǷԺҲֻܵ͵ˣõս׵ĻҲ͸ˡԣҺͷҵĸ߲֮󣬾ʱս׽ʹãսʣòս׺ٹ黹Ҳ٣ҲδչǷҵıꡣ
үүʹãҶǳæҡͷҺͷǺѣʲô飬ҾԲԹ۵ġ洫ǽְɡ
ʵ̫޷ӳս׵෴Ѿ˵ΨһԷӳսȫˣ˵ս׸ԵңҲҪ͸㣬ֻʱ㣬ͲҪƴˡ
չԪֱӰѳսӲҶǳ
һԵķһҲȰ˵ǰҶ֣Ҳսöˡ
ҶǳΣֻ˳սף漴˵ɣүүԸҵĿ䣬Σ
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304 
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Ҷǳ֮ɫ˻ʵĶȻô죿ѵѾʲô𣿡
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չԪſ˵ˣʮأѾõϢʮֺȻ۹ڣǾֱǣÿһǣὫնɱѾУи߼սһˡ
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Ҷǳ׷չԪĿԣ˻ʲԸͷչԪҲԸͷΪ۹ѧԺĶһǵͷô۹ѧԺҲ͵ˣԺ

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Ҷǳִ˿޳֮пһˡ
ˣǹȻԸҵĵˡҶǳɫһ䣬漴һԾſǰȥ
еٶȷǳ죬ûãҶǳǰһһЩŭ
ȻѾˡ

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һΣҶǳڵ𶼴߶̫ͺһ𷢶ıγֻʹٶȸӿˡ
ΪҶǳĿҲԽԽˣֻ
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ûһҶǳ͸˷ҵĶ飬ʱΧһȦֵǼʮսǿߵĹ
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䣡
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һԵķһĶҶǳ˵Ҷ֣⣬үү׼ѳս׽ʱҶүүǳַ̬ȵģϾǵĴ֮ôܽˣղǮǴңȻҶүүѾϿˡ
ҶǳʱȻ
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ǧô˵ûǷҵĳսףҲǮĶ֡Ҷǳæ֡
ǺǣҸ˵ĹȻûսԵԹЦڷǳԼ͸ҶǳһƼţƼţ÷ҶҶǳôһǱ޵ѡ
֣óˣԶһ޳дĲĲϵ
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ףһ·˳磡Ҷǳ˵ͷ
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ҲౣأҶǳ˵ͷ漴ĿͷҳԶȥȻ㷵ǡ


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ԶԺ·ʦ٣ڰ̾
Ҷǳ˹ȥɵʵʦѧԺǷʲô𣿡
ԭҶǳʦҶǳɵþһ漴̾ԴǴӽڣʯʧǮҸ֪ͨǣ˵˾ܹǮͨѧˣȻǷһѧԼԺŶѧˡֹԺԺҲкܶѧԱѧˣѧԺڵ˶Ļ̵̻ģҲ֪ʲô飬ԺҲûй˵ʲô
ҶǳʱˣЩѾõϢĴǣѾԼӵ˳ѧԺˣȻǵܵǣ
ԣѧԺԵࡣ
ʦİɣġҶǳ̾˿Ҳ֪ôο١
ˣҶǳɽԺ㣬ȥԺһ˰ɡȻʲôҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷԺȥ
һҶǳԺɽ
ɽҶǳɵüͷһ壺ûиһ뿪
ѧԺѧԱҶǳֻһ仰
ɽο漴̾дıɣΣѾ޷ɹˣ㲻ڴ˵ذװúõرסɡ
ǰȰˣǲ뿪ġҶǳ˵գֱԺĶ㣬ǽѧԱʸ̤
ɽҶǳıӰ̾˿漴˵Ȼˣʱһֱɣںʲôʱ䣬ԺҪöˡ
лˣҶǳЩϲԺڵǳŨܹʱڴôܹѸΪ
Ҷǳ̤Ժʱȴһߣϥڶ֮УЦݵؿ
㡭˭Ҷǳһ㶣Щ𾪡
˵أܹڴˣ˭ߺǺЦ
Ҷǳʱع𾪵ԺԣҼԺͶӰϢһ
ԹЦԻҶǳЦ˵֮ǰǸһﲻң˻ʣǴҼѧԱ
ԭ˻ʣҾ˵ôһɵ֮ҶǳȻ
СһѵĺѧԺѹأһΣѧԺڽˣ㻹ᣬ츳ָߣؽԽҵȣԲڴ˵ذװ˷лҵ˻ûϽ뿪ǰɡѧԺԺ漴̾
ҶǳҡҡͷһߣڣѧԺΣѵʱңѧԺߵһ̡
ðɣڴ˵ʲôĿҡѧԺԺ˵ͷҶǳ־ᶨ֪Ȱ˵Ҳûá
Ҷǳ

ת۾͹ȥˣѧԺԽԽˣʦǶЩ롯ˣмԺˡ
ڵĸ壬Ҳ˲ˣеǮһ嶼Ǩˡ
Ҳһ죬һųˣǵĳŴ˽
վס㻹ûнɽǷأһسǵʿûǮͽˣɵŭȵ
ৣ
һ˸ʿʱˡ
һ̣ʿԴ͵ϳɺѪҺ
Χһ㶣漴Ǿɱɱ
㾹Ȼɱˣʣ¼سǵʿɵŭȫΧ˹
һ֮ЩʿǵԴȫּˡ
ʼգΧˣûпʲôʱġ
ʵ̫ˣ
𣿡ɱسǵʿ֮Ҳ˵ľ֣Թ˵̧ͷϵ֡ǡ
ڵִˣ
ʱջĿ⣬΢΢һЦ漴쿪һֻƣĻһöɫơ
ৣöɫƺȻ𣬷ɵǵϿգȻɢҵĽɫâγһ͵ĹΣǶ档
Χ˿һĻʱ𾪲ѡ
˼״ɵȵ˻ţлսѳڽѧԺ˵׼ȻԶһл֮ս½۹
һΧ˶סˣһ˼ؿˣ˷ˡ
ķӣڮ˻ʡ
СӣɱҵʿǻĲͷ𣿡
ʱسǵĽһȺʿǰ˸Χ
俴Щһۣ漴ӡеĽɫƣʱһĽâЩʿȫնɱ
Ǹﵽսسǽһâɱˡ
ѪȾ˳ſڡ
Χ·ˣȫʧˣֻһЦˡ


310 лӢ
սգ䣬ǡ
ųӣĻ͸սǡ
ʱǵǣȫ𾪺ͷ֮С
ѧԺ˵׼ѧԺԺ
УȻҪ˻Զһл
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǵ־ŭһЩϢ֮󣬸Χۡ
ЩƢģ̲סԴ˶֡
Щ˶ս潵Ľâɱˡ
λսǿ߶ɱǵ侲ˣһؿǸųӣҲҶˡ
ųӣʼնôͥɢһǵĴϹţƺֵģ۹ġ
ƵʲôȻ׾ٵɱսһ̧ͷ߿еսη塣
ղۿһսֻǺһǱųӣȻͱ潵µһâնɱӶӲ
˵ģʲôսԱһ˵
ʱһ˹Զʱɫ䣺սȻս۹ˡ
Χ˵Ļɵɻ
ǰ֪սһ겻ʵ
̾սս˭áսƺţΨǴ˵еսҰȻսҡ
սң
ԣʱηؿԶǸڡֵġųӡ
ֻҪս½ˣûһ˲֪ʲôսҡ
սѾΪ˴˵Ҳ֪
Ϊսµļ壬ʵ֪
֪սҵ˸߸ϣΪˣӶмںǴ򽻵ңֻҪսңǶһսÿҵȷ˴ǵʱǾͻսǰ档սԷһǳأûгսˣ˻ʶ˳ǡ
˳˵֮ǵʱһ˵˵ڼǧǰս½һӴĵ۹ͳһս½Ϊ۹̫ӵһսңӶ۹ǿ߱սҵǿɱȻӴĵ۹ͱˡ
ԣʱˡ
һͳһս½ĵ۹жôǿ󣿾ɵӣҲõ
ǣӴһ۹סһսҡ
𾪲ѡ
ϼһ㵹֪𣿡ڴʱǸųӣ֪ʲôʱǰԶϷŰؿǸ̸ˡ
ɫһ䣬漴ҡ¥֪Щࡣ
ųӶʱȻ򣺡¥ѹ֣¥һţֶˣսң֪ЩҲ
˵գƳǰһֱۣöԷ巢ˣЦ˵İɣ¥ϣǲɱġȻʶ㡣
˿漴æ˵·ģ¥һֱء֣ԲκԼκ
ԣ¥ܴôãųӹЦ
ʱԱи̲סʵ㵽ĸսңΪҪ۹
Աߵһʱ룬һ׳һؿ
˵ͺˣҪٽȺʱǸųѾ˹
ˡ󺺶ʱ
еĽâûдս潵
ǸųЦ˵˵ĺİɡлңлӢлҵһ׼ʥӣ֮۹ΪѧԺɱлһλսʡ
һƺû뵽ԭ
лңЩ㶵ģ֪ʲôлңʵϣ֪սҲࡣ
Ͼһλսʧǧˣǰսң˭ǵð
лӢ״Ƴһ֮ǰǸ¥ˣЦ˵ϼһӦ֪лҰɣ
˹һ˵Ǻųһл壬Ϊǰսʧ̫ˣں֪лҵĽųƾ˫һ㣬û˿Է
ţлӢ˵Ļش𣬰Ȼص˵ͷ

ͬʱԶѧԺԺչҶǳҲлӢ֮ǰ͸սĻʱ۾
һ̣ҶǳͿԺգһɫĹâء
ԱߣѧԺԺҲգ̾û뵽лĺݣȻҪѧԺ˵׼Ҫ˻Զһۡ
ʲôҶǳɫһ䡣


311 
ѧԺɱһλսҵսʣ
ս
һлҵ׼ʥлӢ

еϢĺܿ죬ûʱڵ˶֪ȥˡ
ʱһЩСǣҲ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰЩ˻᳷ˡ
ϧǴʱѾˡ
ǣһ֮УԶĵ
ǲɵÿʹķ򣬵ǻʹȻƽޱȣ˻ʼûлﴫ
ٿѧԺѧԱʦԼˣҲһЩѧԺڣ׼ѧԺͬ
ʱɽ̲סԺĶ¥Ժһۣ漴ֿҶǳҶСӣ뿪ˡ
ҶǳߵǲҪѧԺ˵׼ѵѧԺǾͻŹǣ
ˣǶ˵ֻһȺϰˡҪģֻǻѧԺһ档ɽ̾
Ҳ뿪ģҶǳҡҡͷ
СӣɽŭСӵװװûã츳ǽǿˣԸǱ𣬻ؽѧԺֺαװ׵
ȻˣǰΪҪβһȥԺؽѧԺҶǳ˵
ɽһ㶣漴ҡͷҵ츳ޣΪսʶѣΪսʣл˵Ҳֻһֻ϶ѡ
뿪󣬿ԱЩѧԱǳɳҶǳ˵
ɽ㶣֪˵Щʲô
ԱߵѧԺԺҲ˵ͷɽ˵Сɽǳ˵Ĳ㲻ѧԺʣºܶྫӢǶûгɳҪȥػ
ԺɽҪ˵ͱѧԺԺˡ
ҪҲҪȵΪսʺ󣬵ʱܹͽħһǰɱлҵһսʡǾ̫ϧˡѧԺԺ˵
ǡԺɽڵ˵ͷ˵һȥĸԺ
סˣǻΪ㣬ÿ˶һѧԱֱ۹ûؽѧԺʱǶ¶ԼݡѧԺԺ˵
ԺؽѧԺ顭ɽԺֿҶǳ
ѧԺԺҲҶǳҶǳ˵ǳ츳ߣҪؽѧԺǾֻܿˡ
ûһؽѧԺҶǳᶨ˵
ѧԺԺЦ˵ģڣսҲɱ㡣
ԺܱСӣɽ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ҶǳҲЩ⣬ϾһлҵѾԶԶѧԺܳܵķΧˡ
ֻѧԺԺŵ˵ǳһˣ໹аյġ
ȸˣɽ˵ͷ׷Ϊ֪Ժ˵ٻȻ˼˵õǾһõ
뿪¥֮ɽͰѧԺԺĻĸԺЩԺǶʱټѧԺڻʣµѧԱʦʼ䡣
ЩѧԺ׼ѧԺͬѧԱʦЩԺǶǳοΪ֪Ⱥ֪ѧԺδ
ϸ磬ǳأչԪȺ֮ûҶǳɵʵ
ԺҲ˹ϾҲԺѧԺܹؽҪҶǳѧԱˡ
ԺǷģԺСӰװġɽ˵
ɽĻԺǣչԪˡ
ǶѧԺԺǷǳκ𾴵ġ
úЩԺǣʹЩѧԱʦֱ뿪ѧԺ
ѧԺʱÿյģֻʣԺ¥ҶǳѧԺԺˡ
ʱڴϹһȦлӢҲ֪ѧԺλãѧԺ
лӢ󣬸һȺˣԶԶؿ
лҵ׼ʥȥѧԺˡ
ѲҪھͶ֣
ɣѧԺԺһλսʣսȻδܹɱһλսʰɡ
˵ѧԺ˶Ѿ߹ˣֻʣѧԺԺһˡ

۷׷ס
ͬʱЩ뿪ѧԺѧԱʦǣҲȺ֮УŭؿŲԶѧԺлӢ
Ϊ˿أлӢôͥɢ߽ѧԺ
һ·ſյѧԺлӢɵ֮ɫõѧԺս½ѧԺ֮һû뵽Ȼһй˶ûУȫǰ𣿲ûϵЩûйˣлҲɱֻŪеĽ
ĻȺ֮еѧԺѧԱǶʱһͷŭе̲סҪȥˣֱԱʹʦסˡ
˭˵ѧԺˣȻһȴѧԺڴ
һ̣һ꣬УлӢǰ
Ҷǳ
Զ۾һɣһƬȻ


312 ƽһս
Ҷǳ
ҶǳȻÿߣ
찡ûɣҶǳȻѧԺѵ𣿡

лӢһ˿ҶǳʱȻһƬЩš
˭ѧԺǻΪ
ԣ˺ţҶǳȻѧԺ
ֱ̫ˡ
лӢЩ죬漴Цû뵽ѧԺһйˣʲô֣
ҶǳҶǳ˵˶ֻ֪Ҫл΢һ¾ˣҪء
Ҷǳܺãôйķϣһ˸һĹлӢ΢΢ЦЦݺ䣬ɱ
Ϊ뿪лҵʱһлҵʥҵϣһҪɱһˣ˵ֱҶǳ
ȻʥӾǵҶǳնɱǸлʥӡ
ս硭ԭһΪлʥҪɱһλսû뵽ֻһս˸еȤ
лӢ뵽
֪Լʶлʥӵ㱻ҶǳնɱĻôͲ뷨ˡ
лҵˣһĽԴ󰡣ҶǳлӢĻɵЦһ漴̧ͷеǿսҲѹ֣иõļңֻҪӵһЩԳſˡ
ȻҶǳڳлӢսƣʲôǡ
Χһ㶣漴ǵ
ǰȻսҺǿ󣬲Ŀǰλлҵ׼ʥӲûбֳʲôǿʵ츳
ҿսҺҲͲ֮࣬Աǿ󣬾ΪǼսǿµı
ǿ϶ˣϾǿһս񰡣һЩǺˡ

۵СлӢǺε˲Щ˵ۣɵһ䡣
Ҫ㹫ƽһսлӢ漴ҶǳһЦ
Ҷǳ뷨һ
ϾΪлҵһλ׼ʥӣлӢôһ
𣿡
лӢЦҶǳֻƽػһ仰
ԶˣʱлӢ
лӢʱףӦҶǳƽһսôսҵ׼ʥӣͻܵЩ˵ĳЦˡ
һսҵ׼ʥӣȻҽһ˵Ĺƽһս
лӢȻںЩ˵뷨һлҳսҡ
鱻սҵ֪ˣôлӢԺǣƶ̧ͷᱻ˼Ц
뵽лӢضҶǳ˵ʵɲּΪллҵĹأԸСлҲֻСɱ֮ϱǿǲֵģǻлߡ
˵գлӢһ£漴ָҶǳ˹¶һмЦݣɣҸ㹫ƽһսĻᣬǰս磬Ǿս磬һΪѹڰս磬Բռһˡ
һ漴ȫ˹һȫעȻǶ֪սҵ׼ʥӣ츳Σ
лӢƣҶǳЦ㲻ѹΪֻҸһΣһ㶼ں
лӢŭЦȳ֣ûаγĳֻǲָ罣âһɽҶǳû
ȻУҶǳγĳ
ңлӢ˵ȻİΪѹڰս磬һǰսڣһ㶼ռҶǳıˡ
Ҷǳ״һЦҲûóؽֱӸԶһ֦㳯лӢȥ
ৣȻ֦ǲ֪Ϊʲô˵ĸоһ񽣣â¶֮䣬ȻЯźХĽ磬սĹ֮£âҫƥ
ţлӢʱɫ漴սγһ⽣Ҷǳе֦
֮䣬ȻûֲֿۻҵĽһĽâȴļ²ѡ
ʲôһ֦ѣȻӳ
ţսҵ׼ʥҲս۵Ĺ⽣ͬƥ
ǶˣѵûпʩչĽ˵Ľ̫ˣҴûм

Զ۷׷ףս
һҪӮȺУЩѧԺѧԱǣȫսȭͷиҶǳʹ
ЩʦǣһЩԺսؿеһӰ
֪ѧԺˣ޷ֵлңϣ˿վлһѵ֪ѧԺ˲ôױ۸ġ
ܹϣˣʣǰҶǳˡ


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ѧԺڵĿյϣҶǳлӢĻ֮̽𽥿ʼÿһɢȥĽâΧĵиԶķݶ顣
е˼ʲôȻԻΪ棬һƽ֦ԱһĽʹʥսУڶһˡ
лӢһ߹ҶǳһȤʵ
ľҶǳûֱ˵лҲ½ôûŽ𣿡
ľƺеӡ󣬲һʱ벻лӢ΢΢˼Ƭ̣漴ߵ⽣ȻǱлҵĽǻǲ̫Զˡ
˵ͬʱлӢڰγ˱ĳһҶǳâ¶ˣâҫƥ
лӢٴˣҲСҶǳˣΪҶǳŽ̫Źˣһƽ֦һҲһѾƷ
෴ս۹⽣ӭսô̫Կˡ
һγȴòԶս˾
ڰνˣ
ҶǳռϷ簡ȻôƵλսҵ׼ʥӰγĳأ
ǿҶǳһ֦Ľ̫ˡ

š
ѧԺǰˣȺ֮УȻ˷ܣ޲óҶǳ
ʵ̫ˣΪһսҵţѧԺѧԱռϷ硣
ʵ̫ˡ
һЩѧԺʦǣоѪڡ
ɵúã
ʹ찡
ڰбЩѧԱĸԺ̲סȵ
ǱƵ뿪ѧԺ˭вһŭ𣿶ڣҶǳѹлҵ׼ʥӴȻеޱȽǳʹ졣
սڼ
ҶǳȻһ֦âˡǣлӢγҲеһ˿ѹ·ľ𽥱һ
ҵĲľ̫ˣǽ̫ˣҶǳвɵð뵽
Ųľʵһ£ңһڣҲľСɾ綼ûдﵽֻǴŽ׶Ρ
лҵǸʥӶҪõŲľҶǳͶŽˣڵõʵĲ֮󣬱ҵŲľ
ҶǳۿŲľͷŽĿ棬Ϊֽһ֦һݣնأƥ
Žĺİ壬Ǿ޽ʤн
ǽһ߰壬ս˵ֻдﵽ򽣾㣬ľ㣬ְ塣
Ϊ򽣾ԲٿһѽҪʵĽҶǳȥһѽ
Ҫ֪Ҷǳ򽣾㣬Ǿս𾳽硣
ս𼶱ǿʹõǿʥ޼֮ʦƵĳǳ
ּıҶǳһöǽ
ƵҶǳɱս½еս𣬶δؿԾۼôʥ
˵ԼƣëָΪǿƵĳǣƳһʥҪĲϣҲϡٵ޼֮
֮κҪõһʥǶǲܵ顣
ԣҪ򽣾㣬͵޽ʤнİ塣
ڽڣܽʵĿʱҶǳͿʩչ򽣾㣬һѽʿս۶Ƿӳȴǲʵ屦
޽ʤнְ壬ǵôﵽս𾳽ġ
ȻŲľȴھͿԿʼ޽ʤнİ塣
ŲľԺ޽ʤнİ嶼аѹǸлҵʥӺϣõľҲҪ޽ʤнİ塣Ҷǳ뵽
˼࣬ЩҶǳһգ֮뷨һҲӰʵķӣƵöлӢڱʵˡ

лӢͺһչֳеĸ߼ǾʽƵҶǳһˣָ֦һѣҶǳսҲסˡ
ֽиɻҶǳɫأǰлӢ뵽˵ڽڣǸʥӡ
ͬĽͬиɻ
ǽ
Ҫ֪ʦ𽣻ʶ˵лҵĽĽ
ҶǳĲľܵȫѹơ
ԡҵĲľ޽ʤнвҲܱѹƵ޷ֵĵزֻ˵ʱ̫ˡҶǳЩź޷òľлҵ׼ʥˡ
Ҳѹ֣ԷĽҶԷСͿʼǳ
ҶǳŸոľһµʱ䣬Ľ츳ҲܵеùлӢʮĽ
ΣҶǳжһ֦һѺɫؽŶлӢݺݵȥ


314 
ұȲ㣬ұǿһʮᣬߺߣҶǳһȫǴﵽԲĿֲΧĿһ
ңӴսĴ߶֮£Ҷǳһ͸ǿˡ
һûʲôʽֻһǿ
һʮᣬˡ
ʽжྫֻҪסҵȻҪܡ
Ҫǿ𣿡лӢܵһɫʱޱȣûжٵǣֻǽһ䣬಻غˮϵӿ
Ҷǳĺڽʱˮ֮Уǹǿһ㱻ˮɢȵٽлӢʱһƮƮˡ
лҵĽΪ⿿ܻлҵĽлҽοս½ôꣿ̫ˣ
лӢмؿҶǳоǼ
ͬʱһʱյķǳҶǳһۼ
ҵҪԻҶҶǳȻ𾪣˿Ҳ˻ֱӿڵĻƽ֮ţ޾Ĵӿ
һ̣ҶǳٴξڽһɸǿңңնлӢ
ûõģлӢЦûвĿ£ȻʩչղŵĽ׼ҶǳĹ
ȻӺڽ֮б̫ǿˣȻлӢ࣬ʣȻлӢɳȥ
ʲôлӢڵɵ;У𾪺Ͳš
ȻƲأȴǱұ˵ɣлҵ׼ʥ˵ʵ̫ˣܴ
Ҫɱ㣡лӢ׷ŭˣոأ˫Ⱦһŵ棬˱ѾҶǳͬһʵâ¶ɱϮˡ
սҲýˣҶǳһ˺ڽΪʩչơ
ǿޱȣټϴ˿̿˻ƽ֮ţƣܹӳǿս
ڽҶǳŵõʵĴвãʱںѸܾõơ
䣡
Ҷǳһƺ貵Ľҫ۶Ŀһ޴Ľɫeֲϵش˫֮ų˶ڣͬһɫĴ
ҽȱΪǷҲΪѹħ
ƱǿɮһǿĹһѹħͷµƬضڶ
ǲ
Ҷǳµĵ涼ѿЯҫ۵Ľ⣬ƣлӢݺݵѹ
ⲻܡлӢгϻӻƾҲ޷Ҷǳһơ
ھԵǰκμɶûá
лӢû뵽ҶǳȻﵽֱֹ֣ȸ߳һ磬ǿһսӳġ

лӢѾѹΪˣǰѾս۷ΪȫӳһݺݵӭҶǳһơ
ûã̫ˣ˿ѾƵ֮У޷赲ݺݵѹڵϡ
ͣлӢѪ˶˵ϣİӶʯ֮С
ԶսˣʱһƬ
ҶǳĴлҵ׼ʥӣʵ̫ˡ
һսҪǴ˳ȥս½Ҫڵġ
սҲˣҶǳ俴лӢм
лӢʱ߳ŭ޲ǿսɱҶǳǿסˡ
ΪоڰУһǿסԼֻҪԼһжͻᱻԷɱսĻᶼûС
սʣ
ʣܹӵлӢевģǿ϶սʡ
пѧԺԺϾھѧԺڣҪ˵ѧԺûйעǲܵġ
ѧԺԺвлӢҲɵ侲ȻҶǳĿȻŭ𣬵ȴҽս
ⲻѧԺԺв۵
ҪڱҶǳ֮󣬶սɱҶǳôһЦսҵЦлߡ
սҵȻſҲΪſʹǸںӡ
лҶˣôлҵ׼ʥӣ³಻ܡ
ϾлҵʥӶв٣ο׼ʥӡ
뵽лӢԹ޵صҶǳҶǳȷлҵ׼ʥӳɰǧҲֻͨͨһԱңѴʲô
Զԣʱ𾪡
лӢ׼ʥӣлҾȻгɰǧ
г𺳣ʵ̫ˡ
𿴸ղҶǳлӢǹս˶ɵӣǶܹóлӢǷŵҲŵǰ
лҾȻгɰǧлӢ̫ˡ
ЩѧԺѧԱʦǣҲ𺳣Ǵ˿սҵǿ
ӵĵ̣ʵ޷Ⱑ


315 ۽
ɰǧ𣿡
ҶǳҲһΪóǰлҵ׼ʥӣѾﵽ۷壬ʱпܿ츳ǷѧԺǶһľš
ԭָţսңȴǳɶѵس֡
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սڰͳս½Ҷǳа
лӢʱѾӿվˣ˱Ļסɵ¶Ժɫսܵʧ䶼һЩ
ҶǳͶЩսûʲôøУ˿̿лӢ̬ʱһˬߵʲô°ܽѡ
㡭лӢ۾һɣŭȴ˵Ļ
Ҷǳԣֻһ°ܽˡ
һ֮ˣҲһʶлӢ漴һؿҶǳţлҳˣλս֮⣬һЩ׼ʥӣԼһλʥӣˣҿô
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Сʱ۸˸ڵޣȥˣҸһ١ڴʱҶǳڡ
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ޣҰ裿
ôԵıлӢô

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ңлӢҲڴεˣϾҶǳܣ˺ܴ棬ڽϻεǿ϶һЩǱܲЩ
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ԣһս֮УҶǳ࣬Ĳľܴ󣬾򽣾ĲҲһЩ
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лӢĵԼĻҶǳܵлҵѹ
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ڿɮһĹİ£ټϻʹ겻ǿҶǳĽľͻƵ˵㣬۳ԼĽġ
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ǸӵпɮһĹйأУ˻ԽԽǿ󡭡
Ҷǳ˼ţҵԼΪʲôľôԭˡ
ϾɮһĹлǶǶһ޶飬꣬ǿǿ󹦷
ǿҲ޷ӵС
ΪˣҶǳľٶȲŻô졣
ȻһҶǳˣǾսǡ
սǣһǶսǣʹҶǳ츳׾ٵشﵽսҲмӳá
˵սǲҶǳĸûսǣ츳ôǿ
ҶǳڵĻƽ֮ţҲھҶǳǱ
ΪôƣҶǳŻô졣
˽ģ򽣾һ޴Ĺƣҵ潣ŽʮѡҶǳգǺѧԺԺк뿪ѧԺȥṺ˾ʮ潣
һԭеʮ潣Ǿһһٰ潣ˡ
򽣾㣬ٽɣټϽľļӳɣҶǳҲ֪ᱬʲôЩڴˡ
˽ˡ
ôܣǱս˭Ҳܽʲô˽ˣ
лҵˣ

ҶǳѧԺ·ϣ˸·˵Ļɫʱ
𣿡Ҷǳ۾ŵķ漴𣬿ٻصѧԺ
Ժ¥ԭĿѧԺԺʱվ˫֣ŵķ
ͬʱʹڣһΰӰҲŵķ


316 ս
ǳſڣһʮ˱ųɫе˽
Ȼеλ̧ͷĿĳ¶һĨϷŰЦݡ
𣿡
һһսʣһսʣ̫˰
ս½һһˣ񼸰ǰһԲͽʡ
ųߣԹ˵ؽ̸ţһм֮ɫ
ľŸˣҲһȻĿ֮гư
ս½۹֮һҲˣ
лӢһѾ˳ڵЩνġšһȤ
лӢСã֣ǿ¶ûˡ
Щ̸ţɫǳɣûǿ߷
ˣŵ֪ǵ֮󣬶ʱһη
ͬʱл˵ϢҲһɱ磬˲䴫ǡ

ѧԺԺ
Ҷǳææ϶¥ѧԺԺ˵Ժˡ
֪ˣѧԺԺ˵ͷĿЩص˵ȺһǳԸһ㶼ûԼϢΪźԶҶӦˡ
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һһսʣһսʣһսʡѧԺԺ˵
Ҷǳһ㶣漴ŵǾȻֻɳλսʣмսʶûУҲ﷭𣿡
Ҫ֪սս֮ĲಢǺܴ
˻Ȼֻһսʣǵ۶Ѿ˺ֶܶΣǶԸһսʣҲͬӵš
ѧԺԺȻֻһһսʣǲҪˣս½һλǿʦ
ңѧԺѧԺԺ϶ﲼ˺ܶǿ󷨣˭Ҳ֪жôǿ
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һǷǿ󣬳Ϊ֮⣬Ǿֻʣ츳սˡ
֮ǰħնɱǸսʣֻлҵˣ϶ûһЩǿʥս
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ѧԺԺҡҡͷȻǵǵΪ̫ˣҸ޷лҵսʱȣΪǶսǶʥսһЩ֪طûǸսʣһЩգǡ
˵գѧԺԺһ̾漴ȡһöռָݸҶǳź۵ף̾ӽԺûѧԺֻԼˡһЩʯϣ԰㣬ڹѾõ˽ʴУҪĹˡˣ滹һö˲Ʒʱһû俪սһȱڣ϶ô˷ӳȥ
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ѧԺԺҶǳļ˵Ȼʶʱ䲻ȻԵõʵϿɣô϶ѧԺʷǿţԺؽѧԺξֻܽˡ
ҶǳģһѧԺģҶǳҧᶨޱȡ
ãѧԺԺʱο֮ɫ漴ŵķ̹̹֮У˾ս⡣
ܹսҵսһս޺ˣ
ѧԺԺ΢΢һЦ漴һǿϢϱֱգڵ˶ܵһ˿ѹ
ͬʱʹҲһɸǿϢ
ſڣλлҵսʣʱⱩǣһ
սһ


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ǿսϢǵϿգڵ˶ܵ˾޴ѹ
˶֪սһ

ſڣлӢҴҸӭһлǿߡ
ǰλߣлӢɫ񣺡лӢλϡ
лңֻҪΪսʣͱΪϡ
Щ˳ΪսʣǾֻܳΪ䳤ϣȻͬǳϣǵλȴ˺ܶࡣ
ˣлӢ˹
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лӢæ˵ѧԺʣˣһԺһԺѧԱڻʹһ˻ʵ⣬ûˡ
磬Щһܵĵͦ찡һ߹Ц
һȺûйļһ˾ˣɱֻǵĽұߵ
м߿лӢʵѧԺǸѧԱûн𣿡
ԣߵߺұߵ߶лӢ
СӲʴȣһɣ
һС㣬㲻ʲô
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лӢȴڨڨЩε˵
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ѧԺ
Ӧлһ˵ĵѧԺԺתͷҶǳ˵Ƿֳһսȥɱ˻ˣʣµˣѧԺˡó֮ǰǼһ׼ʥӣǷǳģ¹ƻһЩ׼ʥս㡣
һҲˣҶǳһ⡣
ǰһսŹлӢһμȻѾ˺ˣôҶǳȻûʲô˼ˡ
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ڴʱлһѾҪִѧԺſˡ
ѧԺԺ۾һУԱߵҶǳ˵ǵˣȥӭӰɣѧԺֻһ죬Ҳʧȡ
ǣԺҶǳĿᶨص˵ͷ
ѧԺԺ˵ˣս㣬ʹȥ㳡һҪס㶯ð˲ƷߣԲ뿪㳡һ
ţҶǳ΢΢ȣڵ㳡Ǿкܴ֮⣬ѵʲô𣿡
Ǻǣʱ֪ˣ֤һѧԺԺһЦ漴ѧԺſڵķЦҲǴһ
ҶǳвɵЩ棬ҲûжʣȻ֪
£ҶǳԺѧԺſȥ


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Сӣ
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ҶǳԶʱǰǼлҵ׼ʥߵҪлҵǾ͸
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ȥ㳡ˣعսѧԺԺлԨл΢΢ЦλѾ˲裬ǿɸ
кβң
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319 һ
ѧԺԺȻֻĲ㣬ǸӴԵ÷ǳĸߡվ¥ؿѧԺڵнȻҲƬ޴ĵ㳡
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л񻪵˵ͷ˵˵ĲнˣԽ棬Խ󡣡
ȻˣǾͲףȻǹƽһսһлҵ׼ʥ˵Ҳˣ׼㳡
лѵˣҲҪСһ㣬ϾѧԺѧԱǳϤǣȴǵһνЩİӰʵӡ
Ӱ죬ʲô
лҵļ׼ʥӷǳţֱӳҶǳȥ
л񻪼״Ҳ˵ʲôȥ
ڵ㳡ڶҶǳͣתлӵܡ
ò˵Щлӵܶǳǿ󣬼㳡Ƕǳɣͬͥɢһ
Сӣ𣿿ѧԺѧԱʵ̫ˣܲס̫лҵһ׼ʥЦ
ҶǳֱӶ˹ָͬʱйâһڽЯųҵĹâ֡
Ҷǳֱӵƣлҵ׼ʥӶʱŭˣҲл񻪵˵ֱӳҶǳҰγ˱ĳ
Сӣлǰֱǲ֪лҵ׼ʥЦͬʱӶһͬǿ䣬ҰĽâҶǳû
ò˵Щлҵ׼ʥǣȫ˽һ߳
ҶǳûʩչƣǻӶڽȥ޴ĺڽ֮£һɿֲ
׷罣
ҶǳŽﵽ˳뻯ĵزټ˷ƣԼʱʹúصĺڽٶҲ쵽˼㡣
ǿٶȿ죬ҶǳĽ
䣡
лҵλ׼ʥȻ߳ҶǳˡҰĴ򷨣Ѿжȥ˲ǱɳȥѪ
ô
ⲻܣ
лӢ֮⣬λлҵ׼ʥӶʱסˡ
лҲ𾪲ѡ
һѣλлҵ׼ʥӾͱҶǳһɣⳡʵ̫ˡ
̫ˣ
лҵ׼ʥӾȻôһ
Ҷǳ̫ǿˣǰлӢһսʱԻʵ

ѧԺĸ߿УһЩӰ̤նڴ˴ս
ʱѧԺΪսڣû˸ҽȥսϾ˭֪ʲôʱҪ֪һսʶ֣ǾǾ춯أನɱս
ԣһЩսֻѧԺĸ߿йս
¥Ҳ˼λսһ߹սһ߰ϢݻȥȻ¥ٰϢȥ
ǵľֻܴ¥֪ѧԺڵ
˵֪Ҷǳһͺһлҵ׼ʥӺȫļǸеܲѡ
Ժ¥ѧԺԺѾشЦлҵ׼ʥҲˣλѧԱһӲס治ǾȻųƽҡ
лԨлɫȴ޷˭׼ʥ̫ˣȻҶǳһӲס
Ҳ֮⣬ԭǿҶǳҲͱлԨǿһѣû뵽ҶǳһսʵǾȲѡ
㳡ϣҶǳһлҵ׼ʥӺ󣬱Ŀңңл񻪣ͬʱҲеĺڽָлɣЩͲóˡ
ȷл۾һУڵ˵ɱ


320 սʥ
㳡Ҷǳָл񻪣ս졣
һл׼ʥ־ŭҶǳһһл׼ʥӺҲͲٳԳˣϾѾ֪ҶǳʵԶ֮ϡ
ʱҲл񻪻򶨵ؿҶǳɫ΢䣬ɱΡ
ҿ԰Ϊѹںͬľ磬ҵĽ޷ѹơл񻪿Ҷǳ˵
ϻ˵𣿡Ҷǳ˵ڵսѾڣеĺڽȥʹúڽ貵Ĺ⻪
õлԾŭָָ죬ĳʱԶʣЯһĿĽ⣬ŶҶǳȥ
һͬǻƲ񷡣
̫ˡ
ȻҶǳ𾪲ѣͬʱѸ̧ڽǴ۵Ľ⼯ĺڽ棬һǿ˳ȥ
лҽһʲôлǷеĳʱУһҶǳ
ҶǳӶڽӭϣһ𣬱һ졣
ͬʱл񻪺ҶǳǸеһ̲ס˰벽
ǿСˡлЩŵؿҶǳղŵһȻûжȫҲˣȻֻǺҶǳ
ߣҲҶǳһԷҲǿǳȡ
ȻлҵӵҲǳעлҲӵĹ
ò˵ս̫ǿˣǵսԲʲôĹǶС
ԣЩսҵӵܣǳȫ棬㡣

л񻪵ͺһʼȫսˣʩչҶǳһʩչٿһɱҶǳ
һսһԶ̹
ò˵л񻪷ǳԶϵķǳҪǻһˣͱɱˡ
ǿϧҶǳ
Ϊֻ𣿡ҶǳЦһж򽣾ٿһ潣ӭȥʱ͵סл񻪵Ǳɽ
ˣҶǳٿص潣ǳл֮ϣл񻪵Ǳɽڽڰˡ
ȻҲлͫһЩ𾪣Ҷǳ֮ϡ
Ҳѹ֣Ҷǳ򽣾Ѿ˵㣬Բٿһٰ潣ڣҶǳֻǲٿһ潣ǿ϶ǳˡ
лȻҲӵǺ򽣾ǾͲ̫Զˡ
лҵǵлһλۿʩչ򽣾ʱ󴴳ġ
򽣾ݻ򽣾Ǿͬ˿ǡ
ͣ
潣ǿػƷɽķл񻪵·˺һӣл񻪶ÿ죬¸ղžѾˡ
лɫȻûˣȴЩǱеŭﵽ˼㣬ɱҲ
ϧˣҶǳҡҡͷƺԷŵһǳź
л񻪷ŭسҶǳʱһ潣ҶǳﱬĿԴ
лһæӽȥͬʱɨ˷ס
Ҷǳٿ潣ϵعл񻪡
򽣾
Զлҵļ׼ʥӾ
лɫ𾪵ؿҶǳȻὣʵ򽣾л˵λõʴеѧԺѧԱӦþˡû뵽㵨ʴУȻҼѧԺ
Ŷ˽л𣿡Ҷǳ˿֪Ǹʥӵ֣ڵһ˿ŭɱ⡣
ͬʱҶǳ飬ֱӴڵĻƽ֮ţȫл񻪡
л񻪶ʱУҶǳݺݵѹסˡ
߽Ȼ߽ѹԴлж߽ʴУл־ŭɵô
ԶԺ
лԨлֶ̲סվ
򽣾л־
߽򣡡лԨɫһ䣬漴ϲЦл˵Ǹ߽ʴеСӣû뵽СӾȻѧԺлңһʴҲлҵˡ
һ۹ͷ۹ѧԺΣĿĻץҶǳõʴС
ǵʥӶҪˣ߽ʴУߣԱߣѧԺԺߵ
лЦ츳ǿھ޴ʵǰҲֻ·һ
ƺӡ֤ĻԶڵ㳡ϵл񻪴һһɱȸղǿ˲֪ٱϢʱϯ
׼𣿡ҶǳȥԶԶϢﵽ߼սεл񻪣֮ɫ
Զлҵļ׼ʥ˵ˡ
Ȼл񻪶ƵĶսǻʲôʸٳЦҶǳ
΢΢Ҷǳлһ˵츳ȷǿǺܿϧʼһս
𣿡ҶǳһЦһɫս״ϸֳɢҵĽ⡣ͬʱһǿϢſһҲл񻪡


321 ɱ
л񻪲ѹΪһսʵ֮ҶǳҲ߶ϵĳսףһɲл񻪵ǿϢʱϯ
ôܣлͫһŵصҶǳ
ԱߵһЩл׼ʥǣǿˣ׷׺˿𾪵ؿҶǳ
ǿսף
ԭСӻսףѹôš
ս׼ڼƷж㶥İɣ
лҵ׼ʥ̰𾪵ضҶǳϵĳսס
лҲһ˿̰Ҷǳһսս׾ӵƽսףǸǿ
뵽лĿȵضҶǳЦû뵽ȻսףֱﴩսϣֱɳǽҰɡ
˵ͬʱлʩչҶǳӶһ˲䱬âͬһɽ籩Ҷǳû
֪Ҷǳõʴ֮лҲʩչˣΪǼǴ򽣾ݳģҶǳӵ򽣾ʩչֻЦѹưˡ
ֻЩϧлһֱƳмӣԶڿ˵лһʵд붼棬ʱƶܶʱʵȴлʥˡ
л񻪶Դ˲ûкڣޱڴ
Сһ򽣾֮ôսĺӵսѪҵõ˽ʴУ򽣾˭ҵĶ֣лҵһӶнʣ
л񻪰뵽ҶǳĿԽˡ
ͬʱеĳҲԽԽ
׷罣ҶǳӶеĺڽëڸŽʩչ˼£һǳ򵥣ٶȴ쵽˼㡣
⻹Ҷǳڵ㳡ѹ£Ҷǳеĺڽܴ潣ĻٶȾ͸ˡ
ˣлҲܵ˾޴ѹ
ٶȺܿ죬һֵֻܵĽȻôءлȻӲ赲ҶǳнУǴӺڽ洫ݹĿֲȴĻѣƵһˡ
лЩ⣬Ϊһ㽲ٶȵĽǿߣֻʹһĽ潣һٶȲŻ졣
ؽһ·ĽǿߣŻѡڽôصĽ
ǰҶǳȴǷУҲûҶǳġ
˲ŵǣҶǳȻܹɹŹŹֵĽ
Ͳòë۹ˣȫҶǳһ̥
䣡
һսʱл޷֧ˣǴӺڽ洫ݹĿֲһӾͰеĳɳȥ˶˿
ڵ˵;УлһȶԼӣһץסɵĳŶҶǳɵͫһ
лʥƺ˺ܶడҶǳǳһĨмЦݣѾͬһѸɱеǱڽսĹע£˴۵Ĺâһǣݺݵغлϡ

лŭ𣬽߾ȫҪסһŸոץסɵĳʱЩִ٣޷ӳȫʵǿֵȴһαɳȥ
һΣл˲ƣѪ˲٣ʮǱ
Զһڹսл׼ʥǣȫˡ
л񻪾Ȼˣһлҵ׼ʥš
Ű
ôܣ
Щлҵ׼ʥȫɴ۾Ҫ֪лҵʥһǸ߸ϣʲôʱܵôңһǰܸһˣֱ޷š
ԺϣѧԺԺĴЦ
ԱߵлԨл֣ɫѾ˼㡣
лһܣлеˣȫûˡ
ҪǴȥлҵͶˡ
лԨлֲɵÿѧԺĸ߿УһȺսڹսȻ﷢飬ѾЩս֪ˡ
һ˲䣬лԨлжһĨڵɱ⣬ƺҪ׼ɱڡ
ڴʱ㳡ȴһ
ȥȴͫһ漴ŭ֮ɫ
㳡ϣҶǳشл֮󣬾Ȼûа֣Ǽɱ򽣾ʮ潣Ӱεһ㹥л񻪣һӾͰл񻪱Ƶ˾
ǸлĽƺ̫ԶˡҶǳЦɱڡ
һΣˣɱһлҵʥӣҲǸ߰лҳʹζ
Сӷ
ס֣
Ժķ򣬴ŭĴ
ҪԴС𣿹ɲаͬʱѧԺԺʹĴЦǴˡ


322 ֱս
Ǹлƺ̫Զˡ
Ҷǳĳлг˷ŭлֱЦлҵʥӵУԶ̹нʵ֮ǿԱлҪʤһ
ĻһҲͲֵглˡ
ǣҶǳ򽣾ƣһʵʱʧ˴룬ҶǳӮôɡ
ʵҶǳҲףǰһʱķ棬Խл
ֻΣҶǳҪݺݴлҵˣݺݵسǣǳ߰ϣ˷ŭͲʡ
ȥɡסˣսҵˣҲҶǳǷһ˿Цеĺڽɱл񻪡
ʱл񻪣ȫֵҶǳʮ潣Ĺֲ˼ֵڽһӸо˾
㡭㾹ɱҡҿлҵʥӣ֪ɱʲô𣿡лưڲ˾ŭͿ־塣
ˣһšҶǳЦкڽնɱ
ͣлһشѪɣҶǳһξ롣ʮ潣ȴӿռľ룬ֱƿɱһѪۡ
ͬʱҶǳȹɱ졣
ԶЩлҵ׼ʥǣȫŴˣû뵽ҶǳȻĸ֣ѵ֪лһλսڴ
ҶǳɱңվֻһսһλսȻҶǳʱл͵̤ն𣬷ա
Ȼʮ潣ȻɱûҶǳвл񻪵Ҳסˣŵ㳡ȥ
ͬʱԺλսȫǿϢлԨлսҪȥӪл񻪣ȴѧԺԺ߶Ժϵ󷨣סˡ
Ҫ֪ѧԺԺٶˣҲ֪˶󷨣ʱһлԨл˵ʵѧԺԺǿҲ޷ڶʱڳȥ
ǿл̤շߵʱ򣬶ʱ˿
ߣ츳ǿΣվֻһսжᡣлЦڿлûΣ֮ͷɱѧԺԺ
ȻˣɣʱȥɱǸСӡлЦ
ѧԺԺһûѡлӲӲǲٿɱл֡
ʦ鷳лֶʱüͷҲ£ΪԼʵš
ԱߵлԨҲлֺģûȥл֣ѡͻ󷨣׼ȥ
ڴʱ㳡Ǳַ˾䡣
ֻлһ׼ʥӵľУҶǳȻ󳤳һ˫ȻѸգӶеĺڽɱл񻪡
ôܣл񻪿׷Ҷǳš
ΪֻԷ𣿡ҶǳЦͬʱױսһݺл񻪣ƴƥĽâнɳͬʱųҵ̫
˵л񻪣ƣӦԵʮ潣˿ܵҶǳĹﻹֵסֱӾͱҶǳһݺݵˤڵϡ
ͬʱȵ̫𣬸ǽлûյлʹС
𡭡𡭡Ȼӵ𣡡л־ؿŷҶǳ𾪵˼㡣
ʵ޷һˣȻӵôơ
츳Ѿмлҵˡ
ȥɣҶǳмԣӶеĺڽʮ潣ɱл񻪡
ʱл񻪣ȫϵ̫˲صŹҶǳжʱ¶˾֮ɫ
СϷס֣
ȻԶһȴлԨͻԺϵ󷨣ŵ㳡
ϣлҵ׼ʥǷ׷¶ϲ֮ɫ
лǾҲָһ˿ϲɵôҶǳ㻹ס֣ǳϲŹġ
˻ôϻҶǳҡҡͷеĺڽлŵĿ£һһѪܵԴա
ǰл񻪶ɴ۾·Ŀ
СԶлԨŭӣǹսʵǿƣһ㶼ûأ㳯Ҷǳѹȹ
Ҷǳˣ
лΪС
ɱʥӣصǧУ
һлҵ׼ʥӷ׷ŭȵ
лԨѾǵܴ
ѧԺսЩսҡҡͷ֪ҶǳţҪˡ
ԶԺлּսѧԺԶڣȴ¶Ц֮ɫɱһлҵʥӣɲлҵʥô࣬һ̫ʹһսʲС
˵˵ʲôлڵֵ󷨵ĹȻѧԺԺĻɵŭȵ
ŲҶǳնɱһλսʣǾսתҲõ
ѧԺԺһӡ֮Զĵ㳡ʱһɫĹӹ㳡ĽǳγһƬ޴ĽɫĻ
⡭ս̨лͫһš
ͬʱԶлԨŭ


323 ս̨
޴ĵ㳡ѧԺԺӡʱ˾춯صĴ仯
˶ǰһĻˣѧԺЩսսǡ
ӵ㳡ĸ䣬ֱһͨ쳹صĽɫ֮ϣγһƬ޴Ĺâ㳡ˡ
ͬʱ㳡𶯲ѣ·һ㡣
һ̣һ޴̨ӵصͻƵ㳡ϣҶǳǣա
ҵʵԶԭڸ߿елԨʱŵȥǹսʼǿƣҲ˲ʧ
ҶǳЩµؿǵлԨҲ˲ţΪƺһӽ䵽ս磿
ҶǳЩԻŶ׼˲Ʒˣȴû뵽ᷢ䡣
ڣƬصĽɫĻҶǳԼʱ˲Ʒˡ
ҶǳģΪ̨Ǵӵ㳡ģȻѧԺѧԺԺǲܺġ
ôҵΪѹڰսڣ
Ҳǣ
Ҳǡ
㳡ϣӦɫ̨ϣһлҵ׼ʥǣ˿̶ŵؾ
һǿͻȻǵΪѹ˰սڡ
ôɣҶǳҲǵĻɵɫŹ֣ΪΪʹڰսڡ
ٿԶѾڵϣɫлҳлԨϵϢƺҲڰսڡ
Ҳ˵̨ϵˣڰսڣͬһˮƽ
ѵԺĿģӭսлҵǿߣΪ˱֤ƽȻҶǳйâһЩ˷ܵ뵽
ս̨Ȼս̨
ʱлԨڻָɨһܣʱɫ
ʲôȻս̨
ԶЩлҵ׼ʥǣлԨĻʱһɫ䡣
ֻҶǳüͷ壬Ϊû˵ʲôս̨
ͬʱѧԺ⣬ЩսսǣҲ𾪺ɻС
ΪţлԨǿսƣ׼ɱҶǳˣһӾ͵ȥֱϷԵı仯Щսǳ˲֮ɫ
ѵлҵڸЦ
Ȼ⻰û˸˵
ңлҲЦġ
һλ¥սԶƯڰеĽɫ̨ƺʲôɫȻһ䣺⡭ĪǾǴ˵еս̨
Աߵһɵÿ
λֵܣ¥֪ӦñǶܷ࣬Ϊǽһʲôս̨˶ʱʵ
¥սЦҲֻ¥ļ濴˵ЩսʱҪ¡սҲˣΪжϳЩŵ츳ѡеߡǣսͽһ̨˭ս𼶱ǿߣһ̨̤ᱻѹΪ̨Ϊ͵Ϊޣ˶ᱻѹһ磬ЩͬһսӶѡ츳ǿˡ̨ǳ֮Ϊս̨
ԭˣһԣʱȻѹлԨսʣѹΪ
սս񣬾ȻԴ˱漴
ҲɻıӦñսԼļҲЩսҡ
¥λսͨ˵ӦҲ׼⡣˵ǧǰλսһɢޣû£Ҳûдսҡս̨ġ
û뵽ѧԺȻӵı
Ȥˣ˶ѹͬһ磬ΪϱͬһˮƽɾûԴСˣֻܱƴ츳ˡ
ѲҶǳҪ𣿡
ҲδأܹΪлҵսʣ츳϶˵սʱϾսʣȻΪѹˣǶԷڽϵĸȴǲᱻѹƣһҶǳƣϾԷٶսʡ
ڴ
֪ս̨ԭ󣬲ɵڴؿԶеս̨
ͬʱҶǳҲлҵ׼ʥ֪ս̨Ϣʱ¶˷ܵЦݡ
Ȼͬһ磬һкξ壿ҶǳԶлԨжʱַڵɱ⡣
ҲԳһʣǿ϶ս½𾪵ġ
лңһһλսʱһսСɱˣǼֱѼңЦ
С
ƺܵҶǳǳɱĿ⣬лԨȻ̧ͷŷеҶǳɱغȵСΪϷѹΪκβ𣿡
ϼһƺжˡҶǳЦ
лԨɵ÷ζըˡ


324 ӭ
ϷԵı仯ԭֻսҶǳӦòܲУȴƾС
ԭսʵлԨƽأڱѹƵս磬жˡ
˾޴ķлԨɫ˼㣬еҶǳŭȵСһս
ϼһҶǳϷŰ˵
лԨʱûðɣʲôʱһСȻ۸ͷϣֱ޷ˡ
Զһлҵ׼ʥǣҲĿɿڴǻǵһοսôһս˵
Ҳ֪лԨڱѹƵս硣
Ȼս̨ѧԺصĿȻӵһս̨ûв´ĻӦǧǰսս̨ɣ
Ժϣлһ߹Щ󷨣һ߳ѧԺȵ
ѧԺԺЦݵ˵˵Ĳˣ˵ս̨ǽ͸ѧԺġ
ʡǾȻͽϵлͫһЩš
ѧԺȻս½ѧԺ֮һսҿҲֻһСѣȻܹͽǵϵôܣ
Ǻǣǵ˷˽ڣҵȻҲȥˡҪɱǵģڵ֪ѧԺ˺󣬾ͺһסѧԺԺ˵
ףлüͷһ塣
ѧԺԺ˵ҪҵˣһѧԺϣǿԲʱǲһЩսڣΪףһЩ󷨷鼮͸ңҳΪһǿʦ
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ѧԺԺЦʥսѧԺҲУǶʲôãû㹻ԴǵΪӲˡ෴ҳΪʦѧԺڲúܶ󷨣ʵҸߺܶսʣҲκβҡ
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Ҷǳɻôˣ
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ҶǳˣҲд۵ģܸô㣬Ļ˶֪ԼġδǴˡ
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⵹ǣҶǳ˵ͷ
ˣҶ֣ڴϢɣʱһһֱɽǣʲôҪҡ˵꣬ҲͲҶǳˡ
ĿȥҶǳʼСĴڡ
СëͬѾҶǳΪ֮һϵϵֻҪ벻ܱ˴˸Ӧĵ
ͨһ˿ϵĸӦҶǳСʮɽ棬֪ڵ׼ȷ
ܹӦСȻҲԸӦңǺܿͻˡҶǳ漴۾¶һ˿ڴЦݡ
ֱãҶǳЩһһˡ
ͬʱԶʮɽеСȻŲԶëͺ
ʲôУȺ𣿡ëһۣ漴С˼ɵþϲ˵С˵ˣ
𣡡С˵ͷЩ˷ܺͼ
С̫ʱˣЩѹ˲ϣʱ򱾴үΪҪˣëҲ˷ܲѡ
һһǣ漴ʼʮɽ͵͵Ǳɽǡ
ڶ죬ҶǳһθӦСʱСڵλãȻ¥Զ
ôͻˣҶǳЩȣ漴æ뿪¥Сڵλøȥ
һƫƧĽ˶йëС
ëСҲһһһǶʱЦӭȥ
СӣûΪӵĺܿñүһëϸҶǳҶǳѾǰսЩȡ
ҶǳǵȻҲ˭
УʲôõģүڶѾսˡëЦ
ôô죿Ҷǳ𾪡
𣡡ʱһԵС˹ôԴҶǳӣ˷ܺͼ
Ҷǳȴ𾪵ط֣ԼȻ͸СΪܹоСϢǳǿ󣬼Ҳеһѹ
ԱߵëЦⱾүս磬СӣѾ̤սˡСӣԶԶ˦ˡ
ǳʲôҩˣȻô죿Ҷǳޱ𾪡
Ҫ֪ﵽս֮ÿһǳѣҪıС
ٺ٣ʱʮɽһЩϳղضıǸѹθɾˡЩҺһЩΪĵرʱֱǵԣÿΪڱǡëζ˵
ֻ𣿡ҶǳԿСֿëߵ֪ûƿֻҪ㹻ԶСͬÿһƿģͻƿٶıﶼûá


336 Ŀ޻
ܼ򵥣ʱ䱾үƾеĶ֣ĥ̼ͻƿ޺಻ֻͬҪͣսսͻƿļʱܴ󡣡ëЦ
ҶǳϸؿСȻС϶˺ۣȻѾͣҪʧˣҲԿóСЩ϶˺ܶͷ
뵽Сڽս磬ҶǳЩͷԵĺãҪǻҲ˿ٵΪҲԸЩͷ
ˣСʱʲôë漴ʵ
Ҷǳһ漴ЦŽԼľ˵
ë꣬ʱĿɿڴһ˼ؿҶǳ۵СӲڿЦɣȻһսҵսʣսʣ
ս̨ϾսģΪ;ѹͬΡҶǳ
ǿսʰһлҵսʣ㱻ѹͬһ磬ĽҲܱѹƣ㾹ȻԻɱë𺳲ѡ
ǺǣΪѾ߽򡣡ҶǳЩ˵
ëûдҶǳˣǳ޵û뵽Сˣ߽ǿսӵ츳Ժ൱ˡ
ΪһޣȻ߽һܹﵽ磬ֱ󣬾еĳš
ĸţò˳ޡ
СӣȰս̨óүë漴ڴս̨ҲûмֻսҲеı
ҶǳԵƣһСС̨ĸ֣˸ŽɫĹâ
Ȼս̨ܴСë۾һʱۣϸۿ
ҶǳЩ˵ս̨ҲûжãֻжԷԼߵ̨ϣŻᱻ̨ѹơֻҪԷǰ׳գߵ̨ϡԣҲû취̨ɱлҵϱǿˡ
ЩսƳⶫͲսģѡŵġë˰֣漴ջۡ
˵ⶫһߣûжôҶǳҡҡͷ˵
ٺ٣ҲδأֻҪүǰúڸս̨ϢһлҵϼһëյЦ
Ҷǳ۾һ漴ҡҡͷ˵ǰǻԣ½˭֪ӵһս̨лҵϼһ϶ء
лҵ飬Ժ˵ǻҲСӡëս̨Ҷǳ漴Щ̰˵СӣȥһƱģΣ
Ҫʲôע⣿Ҷǳë˵
ë촽˵һҶǳ𾪵Ļȥһ޻ʣ
ڿЦ𣿡Ҷǳ۾һɣһưëȷɣ޻ʡǿսʲεǿ߰
Сӣ𼤶㲻ѾһսʲôõĵġëЦ
ս̨ţҶǳ˵꣬סˣ漴еսֿ̨ë۾Ȼһ˼ս̨ȥ
ë˵ͷɭЦȻ½˶֪ӵս̨ʮɽеȺޣɲ֪սֻ̨ҪǼƻƣԿ԰ս̨ϣʱͬΣСӵ츳һ޻ʾû⡣
޻ʱ֮лҵսΣҶǳʵ
ëæ˵ģ޻ʵʵȻлҵսҪǿ󣬵츳ɱȲлҵλսʣϾֻ֪ͨսҪ֪Сӵ츳ǿްս̨սޣ޶Ķ֡
ǿһҶǳʱЩĶˡ
뵽ëϴһЩϳܵõô౦Ϊôࡣϴһ޻ʵϳôõıж٣ֱ޷
뵽ҶǳԽĶˣ˵ߣھͳȥʮɽ
Сӣȱ𼱡ëæ˵Щѹ˺ܶ౦ϣСӽ߼ʦΪ˸߼ʦǾȽЩҩƳɵҩҲܹǵʵ
Ҳãĥ󿳲񹤣ǿʵ˵ҶǳԶʱЦˣڸ߼ʦʹﵽˣֻһֱȱֵҩġ
ҩĶڱү֮УСӿүһöռָүװ͸㡣ë˵
ҶǳԽһöռָëѧԺǵõ˺üöռָȻжġ
ëӹռָܿװҩģֽ仹Ҷǳ
Ҷǳʶ̽ռָ֮һɨʱһ𾪵طҩģָĺܹҩģʵ̫ˡ
ôҩģҿ߼ҩˣҶǳ漴˷ܡ


337 
ò˵ëСѹεҩʵ̫ˣԪƳ߼ҩ
ҶǳԴӽ߼ʦ磬ûˬȫںҩĵģֱ̫ˬˡ
һſԪҶǳƳһԵëСˮ
ë̲ס¼Ԫ󣬲ɵüⵤҩҩ̫ˣѾ֧ڵˡ
һԵСҲ͵˼ţҲ¶֮ɫ
Ҷǳ˷ۣһսһսⵤҩȻˡҪǵΪƳ߼ĵҩ֪һֵҩսΪ
ǻʲôϽë۾һæߴٵ
ҶǳҡҡͷЦôƵģұ۹ҲţⶫᣬҲǳϡ١һЩսǿҪֵҩǶҪȥһЩʦУĲҲ
սʹõĵҩǶǷǳϡٵģ౻¢ϣ¶ġ
ҶǳҲֻ֮ǵʱ򣬿ģǼ۸̫ˣǳģս
ֵȴѧԺͼ濴ֻҪʦʦƵĳ
Сӣ˵ôϻүֻһ䣬ܷƵĳ𣿡ëЩ⣬Ҳöֱѯʵ
ԱߵСҲɴ۾ڴؿҶǳ
ҶǳԭֵҩǵôʦʦƵĳ߼ʦǲܳɹģӵ̫𣬶ҵĿػҲӽЩʦʦˣԳɹʻеģֻǺܵ͡
ֻҪƾУ˵ɣȱʲôϣү취Ūëæ˵ԪڵЧ̫ˣҪѸΪǾֻˡ
ҶǳԣɨһеĿռָĲϣҩģ϶Уֻȱһζҩ
ʲôëæʵ
֣뵽ʲôҶǳЦſë
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ѪҶǳЦһսѪͼ壬ҵȻǵѪȼ⣬ƴ˵ĳɹʣҲѪĴйأǵȵĵؼѪǳɹʾ̫ˣµҴﵽʦ𣬲Ƶĳ
Ҫȥë˳˼Σ̧ͷ˸⣺ʮɽһЩᣬЩᶼǳŽᣬ˴˶ۼһ޻ʶַȥҲ·һ
ţѪޣǽϸߣŽᣬȷԻơҶǳ˵ͷЩŽޣսеӽսʼˣǡ
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У𣿡ҶǳЦ
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ѪԸҿսʥսҶСҶǳֱ˵
۾һսʥսǿɱѪˣҹ켶ս㹻ˡȻҪһЩǳǿѪǿ¾Ҫʥսˡ
ԽǿѪԽáҶǳæ
ˣҶ֣ȻȥϢɣһڣһ𸴡˵
ǺãҶǳ˵ͷҪȥԪأȻֵҩëСЧ̫ãǶá
⣬ëˣЩ潣Ҳë¶һˡ
ëСǴʮɽЩѹһЩҩģһЩĿʯЩ潣ƷٶһЩ


338 ޵־
һµʱ䣬ҶǳڱƵҩëЩҩģȫƳԪһЩָս˵ĵҩŽҵ
ǰЩװҩƿӣҶǳϲɵ¶Цݣһµ࣬ûа׷ѣջʱˡ
Сӣһٰ潣үһ飬ҼĿʯǶѾӽƷ𣬷ǳӲһЩսҲ޷ݻˡ
ʱëһٰ潣Ҷǳ
Ҷǳսʶ״ݻЩ潣ʱ򣬶ʱϲ֮ɫӣ򽣾Ͳܵѹˡ
ҩƺãүˡëҶǳǰЩƿƿ޹ޣʱ۾⣬ֱ̽צӡ
𣡡СҲˡ
㣡Ҷǳæ
Сӣƿ̫Ҳˡëŭ
ҶǳҲ֪Լ޷̫࣬˲٣ϾЩԪԺͻƿʱֱΪˡ
ûëԻҶǳصԼӣֱӱչԪ
һٶԪҶǳΪӰսڣֱԽ˰սڣֱ˰ս۷徳硣
սһ޴ƿסҶǳʱ޷ͻơ
۾Ҷǳ˫է䣬ǿľУ͸һ޵е˶Եóʥ
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ˣˣͱţˡҶǳæԴޡ
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ô˵ֻսܵ޵־ˣҶǳȵ
ëҡҡͷҲδأһЩţҲսʾ絮޵־һЩ̤߽ӣõʦ𽣻̤˽ţսѾ޵־ս͵޵־үҲֻһ̫ϡˡ
ⶫʲôôҸоҵľʼձ۷ʱ⣬ûʲôսӳɵðҶǳ˵
ëЦǵ˱˻ԣһ˿޵־аӦþⲻԶ˰ɣҪ֪ŽһսսʾⰡ
ٺ٣ǺܿˣӦÿڽս֮ǰ⡣ҶǳԣʱЦˡ
ëһĽʺޣ˵ˣӵһ˿޵־˺սʱ򣬾ͻ᲻ر޵־嵽Ժ˽⣬Ľ̺֮һ˿޵־ô԰˵šδش˵飬ڵ޷սʤͷ
ôҶǳʱˡ
ЩкܶôԺͻ֪ˡë˵
Ҫǿ޵־أҶǳɵʵоԼ޵־Щ
ѣëԣɫص˵޵־ͬΪǿǿ˭Ҳ֪ȥһַǿõǵ֤ʵ
ʲôҶǳʱ۾һ
ţͻܱΪߵˡëٺЦÿһţ֮ڤڤ֮жһ˿ˣܹǣܻǵһˣȻǿ޵־ڻܱΪߵˣԽսΪǳɹˣȻ޷ĺôү֮ô͵һ˿޵־ΪлҵǸսʣһΪ
սʣˣⲻʵһǵԺһЩսҵдɡҶǳ룬Цҡҡͷ
ٺ٣Сı̫ˣս磬ܹһ˿޵־ͺܲˣǿúø򣬽⣬ŸкôëЦ
ҲǣҶǳ˵ͷ漴ëɻˣôˣ
ǰë˵չصʱҪëӦúŶԡ
СˣƺҵѪϢˣȥɣүŷأôԪȥñүս磬ʵñү̫ˡë֮ɫ
𣿡Ҷǳԣæ


339 Ѫ֮
Ĵ֮УСſڵϣź࣬
һԵϣһźȲ裬һϸشС¶֮ɫҶֵ𣿺ǿΪҵѰȻ͸Īмսε
Ҫ֪ѰѰҵͬҲۿ˵ΪһֻܹۿԼһ˵ΪȴԿ
ˣҲ͸СΪеȻˡ
ˣղֻΪҲ͸޿¶мսΣѹЩǵʮɽ޴ҡ밵뵽
ͬʱԽеҶǳĿ£һﲻԼߵ޶ô
Ҫ֪ëҶǳߵʱҲûëжһתۣȻͳΪˣٶҲ̫˰ɡ
֮УһŲ̧ͷȥҶǳëˡ
Ҷ֣æվ
ҶǳЦӭЦ֣ҶһˣҲ
ⲻǲҴæ˵
ȻҪһڣæҶǳ̽ϢϾҶǳòװΪ˺ҶǳùϵһڲôľѪϢ
֣ҶǳԸ˸һ裬Ц˵εѪĺϢˣ
ѽ̸Ҷǳһôˬ졣
ҲϲˬҶǳɵôȤЦкϢҲлϢҶҪһ
ŶҶǳ¶֮ɫ
Ƿϻ࣬ѪϢëƲƲ죬һԸҶǳ
ҶǳЦſ룬˵֣һϢɡ
ϢҪѪѾҵϢҲսѪһսʼѪ˵
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ëҲ˷ˣæҶǳСӣսʼѪϢֻҪõּѪСһ
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Ҷǳһë漴룬ô֣Ϣأ
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Ҷǳ˼һϢҲЩܹѪˣҲһǿߣȻں켶սʥսȥеսѪʨӴ󿪿ڡ
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Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵ЩսѪˣҲŲʥսȥǽ֣˵ǸӵսʼѪˣǷԸǽ
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ҶǳĻѾˡ
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Ҷǳû뵽¥Ȼõ˺ҵ֧֣вЩԾ
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ңܹȺսҵд裬ܵսôĻԵûѪԸȥ
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ҶǳëĻʱһæ
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СӣԾʲôȻʧˣЩսȴã¥뺣ҽã᲼ôҲ㲻ʲô顣ëЩش
Ǵ󰡣ҶǳȻ𾪲ѣΪ̫ˣأһ˲ִܵֱ񻰡
ˣҶ֣ϢҪȥӦʹߵϢȥټܿȥ
Ҷǳһ·ſڣȥıӰͻȻԱߵë˵ôսҵӾۻᣬлҵҲǷңǾˣ㿴ʲô취ϲҡ
ƤߣٸıһκǾ㹻ˡʱǺЩսҵʥд裬ͲʹһЩʽˣ˵ƣ򽣾ȵȡ⣬ժҲãعҶˡë˵
ʱһҶң˭֪ҶʲôʵǿһЩ˵Ҷǳҡҡͷ


341 򽣹
ּҵڡ֡뿪ҶңҲ֪ʲôԭҶǳûŪ֮ǰɲððʧʧػعҶңϾԽǿļ壬ˮԽ
ּʱ㱻ӢǸ񶾵Ů˺οҶǿļ壬˭֪عʱᷢʲôǵʵǿһЩȥҲ١
뵽Ҷǳصӣʼ˼Լôıݡ
ģƤߣҲ׸ı䣬͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ؼսʱʽ
ơժ֡򽣾ҶǳóҲǿʽá
ľǿãŽսȻʦ𽣻ʣǱҲУǲл˻ɵͷϡҶǳ뵽
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Ҷǳ΢΢һЦЩ˵һǲӵ֣οֻҪ˺ôлҿ϶ỳɵͷϡ
һ㣬Ҷǳš
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ԣҶǳ⣬û˿
˺ͲľҵʵҲܷӳ߰˳ˡҶǳ漴˿̤߽츳ֻܷӳ߰˳ɵʵҲԻЩսҵʥˡ
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򽣹һΪ޼ɰٴ˴󡭡ҶǳԽԼĽԽľΪ֣Žսѹûмʲô
򽣹ڣʵһտӣֻ򽣹ڵĻôһӣҲΪǿߡ
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ٶĽҶǳȻҲӽõˣڲȥѧΪ̫˷ʱˡ
ڵҪĿģΪΪ򽣵
ԺΪսսӵкܶʱȥЩʱ򾳽ˣҲף°빦;
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ϻñүëЩżΪǰҶǳ߶򽣹ǰľ䣬ܸоܴԲ̲סˡ
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ëӹæۿһ۾ҲƲˡ˰ΣȻ̧ͷؿҶǳ˷ܵʦ̫ˣȻԴսʦ˲һԽ˳Ϊս񡣡
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342 
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ëһ߼ۿ򽣹ڣһ߸̾
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷ˵򽣹ҪȥڻͨлǽңѼĽ޾ֱ򽣹ڵ¯𡣡
˵գҶǳЩؿëЦ˵ôҲҪսҿû˵Ҳ߽ġ
ѪǷһ崫еĹ䡷ñүս񾳽ˡǰ֮⣬үҲĽȤ˺ܶལ񱾴үڸ׷罣֮һյĽ֮࣬үһ㲻ʦ𽣻١
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ԭˣҶǳһĽëǷתȻʧȥһΪǼ仹ڣ򽣹ڣֱˮɡ
ˣү˵ˣȻȥ򽣹ˡëÿ죬ߵҲ죬ӣȻǶ򽣹ڷǳء
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˵֮䣬Ѿһڡ
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343 
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346 
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ΪڵĸսҶӵп񹦣֮⣬˼õҲѽ䷢ӵ۷塣
ǰҶǳʼһˣôܷӳأ
ŰɣҶֻǴһġ
Χʥǵ벢ûзΪ֪Լ˵ٶ࣬Ҳ޷ıЩʥǵ뷨
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ҪҶǳĺ̫ǿˣʲôٿغĹôͷųս̨ԵлĽѹƣлս
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ৣ
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ҪǣҶǳ˿򽣹ʩչ׷罣׷ԵٶȣȻʹؽ
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뵽Ҷǳ־ϲ߶򽣹ʩչ׷罣ɱл
ʱ̨ϳ˲֮⣬ֶལ⽣Ӱл˶ûˡ
ҶǳӰһ磬ϵ̨˸ţٶ̫ˡ


352 
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⣬Ҷǳǿޱȣ֮ͬке֣ʹÿһǳֲ
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˼ҶǳȻͬдϾֻһССսսʲ̫ԶˡԶս̨ϣ뿪ս̨һֶֻ㡣
ҶǳȻл˼ɵóһĨЦݣЦԭлҲ䲻𰡣
ʱлҭ˵ˣɫѿҶǳһ˫۾Թͷŭ
ʱԱһʥ˳Цл˵ûлǲ䲻ս̨ƽսл䲻Ǿ͹Զ㣬սҵ档
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ҡҡͷ˵Ҷҳս񣬷ֱǾսǳսҶҲΪһǳһԣҶÿһѡλӡһ˵λʥӶ󣬵һľȴǳ˵Ѿ˾ŽɻǳӣƵλǳһӲò뿪Ҷң洳
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֪Ҷǳͺ磬Ҳ߽ѡ
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ս̨ϣҶǳȫ׵ûһִ׵ϣ巢Ӳסˣ׵磬ĳָεĽ
ȻЧҶǳ״ɵϲ׵ãܹܵԼڲϵرǿš
֪һб仯Լٻ׵粢ûκεҶǳɵһ㶣漴ĵؼǿ׵ĺеƶࡣ
֣Ҫǵֵסɼǵ˵һӴ󹥻֮Ҷǳһ䡣
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ֻ˿ҶǳǱ׵ٶȣҲûзҶǳʵĿġ
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䣿Ҷǳһ㶣е潣Ҳֹͣ˹¸оһˬûдأǻ׵أô֣ͣⲻǰ;
Ҫ֪һʱ׵壬ҶǳѾоԼﵽĳּޣƺ粻Զ
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λ׼ʥҲͷ
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ˣԵˣҲǿ󡣡ΣҶǳ̾˿ٶ롣
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£Ҷǳ˱ȭʾл漴ʥǣ˵֪սʥӣдͽ̣
ҶǳĻ̨µʥǣһʱ䣬ûһȥӦս
ȻҶǳһлչԼǿʵЩսҵʥǲСˡ
ϾȥӦսҪʤ˻ã˵Ļǵڶ
ҶǳһʱûӦսɵýĿͶȺеɣǵøղžһڳЦ¥ƻ¥ƶ
ҺͿɮһг𣬴˷϶ֹ¥ƶ񡣡
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Ļһ䣬˵Ŀ⣬ʱͶתϡ
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лһ°ܽڴƤǺ񰡡Ҷǳؿл
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лҶǳתͷɣߵɣϻ˵ˣʹһսɡ
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οղѾսˣҪǻҳսǲǳԼǱС
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ңҶǳľͿɮһĹǳǿ
ԣһ˲䣬ҶǳżʱӦˣҲˣˡ
Ҫǻ˳ˣûǿ־¾Ҫشˡ
СѪɫʵ̫Ե͹ˣǿֲս
ҶǳɣЩ£ЩսҵڶսһսǳĿֲûһǼ򵥵ġ
Ҷǳľȣɾ𾪶ˣֱĿɿڴˡ
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357 
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Ȼסˣ˼һƶûУ
ܰɡôܺصסһѪɫ

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Ϊֻþǿľ־Щϱǿߣһ֮Уû˿Կ⡣
һУֻٻ׵磬Ȼ׼ӲסһѪɫȻˣ̫ء׵磬Ҳܻɣܾˡ
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ǿ־һȺʥӵУǵһ޿ĵһ
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ս̨ϣɺݺݵصҶǳг˲š
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־ǿǿֵز
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ҲҲһУҶǳնɱЩ֮һУһƬҶʱΪһңңɱɡ
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358 ˪
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һŷǳǿʥսս½ܴ󣬻սҵ˶֪
Ϊ괴սĽǿߣǺɨսҵӣˣ»Ϊս񣬶ʱսҲȻΪս
ˣǿʥսҲ½
ľãǲһһҶ˵У޴
ϾλǰƾսһЩӵսǡ
ʱҶǳ򽣹߶սǾʹսӾˣһƬҶҵĹâ貶ҫ۶ĿͬϮһ㣬ᴩա
Ѫɫ
ͫأٴС
оΣգ֣ȫ
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ȻһƬҶһɽնأ硣
Ѫɫ綼ˣһͷͷҲնɱ
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һƬҶֱһ񽣣ǿնǳˡ
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ߣһ˶ôǿҪѧսǿԳʥ֮λ

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ԣΪҶǳ˲ľŻôǿҪҲ˲ľôҲôǿ
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ս̨ϣɰˣҶǳٴս
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ԣʱҶǳҪսҪսսս֮ͻơ
磬СһĽͻȻһ
һ̣Ⱥ֮߳һλĻŮ磬绪һ˫Ҷǳ˫һŵ棬˶ʱԾս̨
ȻһŮ
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˪ǳֱӣ˵ϳ֣ӶֻȭҶǳ
䣡ȭͷգһɿµƴӼ˪ϯ
Ҷǳɴ۾𾪣ʵڲǰŮȻﵽľ硣


359 Ű
ս̨ϣҶǳǳ𾪣һĻ绪ŮȻһﵽľǿߡ
ս֮УܹﵽĶ֮١
ǰŮҲսɣȻӵ˿ֲ
ǿӦܹӴ̼ҵܹ̤ľ硣Ҷǳ漴˷ҲӶƣŶļ˪ӭȥ
ǰһҲ
һΣҶǳûôǳױˡ
ͣ
һ棬ҶǳͲм˪ԷȭɳȥѪ磬㶼̨
ôܣҶǳ˫ס̨ĵ棬ǵѪҺŵؿļ˪
ղһ˲ôôǿֱ޻֮
Ȼ˵Է̤磬ҲﵽԲ۷壬ԷӦúܽŶԣܲô󰡡
ȭ𣿡
ҶǳȻע⵽˼˪ֻȭͷڷɫĹâԷʹԷȭƺ
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ҪҶǳƣôղžͲôˡ
ԭǼҵսʺġҶǳǱܿͲµˣɫʱࡣ
ȻʺսôԷĽսͷǳˡ
Сڳͷˡ
Сսңٺ٣±˰ɡ
СһɵӣȻҺͼӲӲֱ

Ҷǳ±ˣ̨һʥȴ¶Цݡ
ò˵ҶǳԴս̨һлˣʵѹС
񣬿ҶǳԿˣǵȻġ
ĻһȺʥӣҪǱһ˸ˣǾ̫̫ˡ
ҶСģǴ˻ʣͳһս½ĴڣǼҴѧ˻ȭս½һ幦֮ͬУûܹͼ˱̨£ش
Ҷǳһʱ˷ۣô˵Կ
Ҫ֪Щսҵ˽⣬ɲ֪ôࡣ
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սңǵһμ֪ԷҴѧ
˵˻ȭս½һ幦Ҷǳȴǲͬ⡣
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Ҷǳţֿ幦ս½һ幦
ȻڲǾʱΪļ˪ֳˡ
СˣС㲻Ǹ˵ҵȭͷǺģҪСˡ˪ȵ˵Щŵǿܺˬ
Ҷǳ۾뵽ȻŰһٺܲˬΪ˳磬Ҳֻˡ
뵽ҶǳҧӶӭȥԼ߶۷壬ǿ˫ƣ˪˫ȭ
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䣡
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ȻӲƴ˪ͣЩؿҶǳƺû뵽ǰ֪ˣȻӲӲⲻǰ׳
ҶǳǵѪҺڵ˫˸ǳһ貹âͬʱ˼˪˫ƻӶ֮Уˡ
ȻˣôСͳȫ㣡˪Ӷ˫ȭɫĹâԽҫˣֲȭӡƥҶǳɳһɳȥ
ȻҶǳĵؼȻͼ˪ӲӲ
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ҶǳϵرɣȻѡӲӲ
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Ҫ֪ҶǳǿĲľΪβãѡֱ˪Ƶӭս
ȻҲһЩʥӣðâҶǳ뷨
ü˪ĴͻƵľ硣
ˣǰҲӲ׵Ȼ׵ٶȺܿ죬ܶõʼնûжЩѰҲΪܹ׵֮¶ĥ
һµˣȻս֮лʵ̫ˡ
׵ĺķء

Щʥǲ³ҶǳĿģʱˡ
Ǽ׼ʥǣ˿ҲΪʲôǰҶǳǵĿЩˣ¾Ҫսǣǵ׵ĥ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬Цƻ˽ֵĺˣ
ͬʱҲǳ壬Ϊ׼˾׵ĥԷǳеĿ¡
׼ƿ׵磬ԽеΣս࣬Ҷǳȫս֮ĥǾˣͷûʲôֱ붼˸еֲ


360 ͻ
ս̨ϣҶǳϵر˪ɳȥѪ磬Ⱦ̨ǣ˫ڵӣȴͬڰе貵Ĺԡ
ɡ˻ȭ˪ȵСȴһͷ˿µ
һ˫ȭͷųҵĽɫâ̫ͬըһֲӿͬһ㱼ڶ
Ҷǳ˫һȫ߾ȫֵǵסǿ˺ɳȥ̨
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Ů˿̻һ޵ս˫ȭͷƺҪƲ񷡣
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ǿ쿴ҶǳƺڷɫĹâѵǡȻȺ֮УһʥӾе
ʵ˵Ϊڳ˶ڹע̨ϵսȻֵҶǳı仯
˿̵ҶǳȻϵر˪Ѫȴ¶Ľ⣬âԽԽңҪͻĳơ
Ҫɹ
ڳʥһˡ
ǶţǿߣȻҶǳ˿̵ı仯ʲô
붼ˣϲҪͻ𣿡
һԵĺ˵ͷ̨Ǹ꣬̾ս֮ͻƣȻ˵ףǹм˿԰õҪԼ츳иƴľİ
ΧʥԣҲ˵ͷǴʱҲǳҶǳ
лҺҵʥǣ˿Ҳ˵ҳԷˡ
Ҷǳ츳ѾĿãټԷǷˣǾѰˡ
ΪǻǸоԼ˶硣
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˶û˵һ̨Ǹ꣬¶֮ɫ
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ңڸղţҶǳϱһ۵Ľ⣬ȴɢһɿµϢ
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ңǿԴԴ
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ս½ϵ˶֪һǿߺһսǿս˫ʵ࣬ôӮһǸǿߡ
Ϊսľ֮Ǿ͵űԷŰɡ
ԣս½Ҳв˼ǿ߶ᾡԼǿһЩ
ֻľ
ҶǳڴﵽΪ磬Ǿһ־̤ǿ߾ı־
ܹһģǳϡ١
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ʣҶǳԺĳɾͣԳǵ
û뵽СҲ̤磬ٴȥҲû˼ͻȻ̨ϵļ˪ͣˣ˫ֲصҶǳ˵
ҶǳҲûм֣ǶԼ˪˱ȭмлСȫ
̨ЩսʥǶܿóü˪Ĵͻƾ磬սļ˪ô֪ܲ
Ҷǳܹо˪ԼսʱƺԼιУԼͻơ
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ҶǳҲ֪սҵУҲ˶л
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361 ܾ
Сʶ֪࣬мС㣬ҲѱСһ򡣡˪Ȼ˵ˣҲҼСˣֱӽ˪߼˪С
硭˪ҶǳЩڨڨص
̨µһЩʥǶʱ͵Ц
ӣ˪òƿСˡ
Ҳǲ԰ĽʣԲսҵһЩŮ𣿡

ʥӵ̸ۡ
Ҷǳͼ˪ǺεΪ
ʱҶǳɫˡ
˪һݺݵǼ̸۵ʥӣ߳ٸҽСǵѵ
ʥԣʱоһɵѸٵͷȺС
Ҷǳڨڨ˪̫ˣû뵽ԸҲôô񱩡
СӣȻҲﵽ磬֪ղűСսʵֻ
ʱ˪תͷҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ𾪣ôܣ
ò𾪡
ΪոѾͻƵ磬ȼ˪һЩ̤磬Ҳûô󰡡
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˪𾪵ҶǳЦšСɡɡԲĸ磬ڲŽŶѡСңȴѾ̤Сɾˡ
ˣȻ̤磬ֻƾսʹ˻ȭȫӳҲǾ޴Ĳࡣ
˼˪ĻҶǳ˵ͷ
û뵽ǣ磬ȻҲּΣ֮ǰԲǲͬ
£ҶǳҲʲôϣ̵ֱ˪֪ܷ֪ҹĸεľ
ٺ٣ǼҵܣֻǼҵ˻ȭ֪ңǼңҲֻ̤֪Щ˪ЦؿҶǳƺлû˵
ҶǳЦǽˡ
Ҳ֪˻ȭһҵĸôܸ֪һˡ
˪ʱͻȻЦҲûлᡣ
ŶҶǳ۾һż˪
ֻ˪ЦС㿴츳֪ԸǼңΪǼҵĿ䡣Ȼ츳ǼҵһЩŮҲĵģֻҪȢһܳΪǼҵˣʱȻѧϰ˻ȭ
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һսɿ䣬ˣǿɲС飬ǵüͬеģӶûʸ
뵽Ҷǳ츳ʥͻȻֿԵǺܴ󡣵ȴҶǳΪԽҪǼǳԲ˶ߡ
Ǽ˪ͬ˪ǼҵʥӣһǼҼŮǼҵ飬ȻЩ
ˣ˻ȭԵˡ
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Ȳ˵ҶҵˣӦѧԺԺԺҪؽѧԺôһֱڼҡ
ߣСӿɱڣҪߵĸԶս½Ҽңûеڶѡ񡣡
˪ԣϵЦݶʱת̨
ΪҵСһˣԷܾˣȻ鲻ˡ
ҶǳЦЩΣô˵ڼ˪ǷǳмġǶԷİҪ̤磬֪Ҫȶá
ڴʱ˳ҶǳΧ˵λҶҵҪˣλѾȥӭˣ͵ΪֹɡϣǺ׼һͻ磬ʱλʥҶҲ˰ɡ
ȻһҶ˵ϢЩʥǵĿʱҶǳƿˣһź缷ȥ
Ҷҵ˵𣿿ǰˡ
ҶȻҲûҪȫȥӭӰɣ
֪ҶǳӣǾӡ

һʥʵ
ͳһشȻǾӣˣôӶȥӭӡ
˻ȻǾӣѹӶȥӭˡ
һʥԣһ漴Ŀһޱȡ
ΪսҵУӾһ棬һŵ񻰡
Թ˽˶ǳϡ٣񽣻ʺԲսҵˣΪ˰˽򣬾ͳɾڶ˼ǵǡ
Ҷҵλӣȴ̤ǰδеľŽֱ
ԣеսӵܣǳݡ
Ҳܾη
ϾλӣʢпܳΪս˰
ӣ
ʱҶǳҲս̨ϾȺʥӶˣҲܼЩʥս
෴Ҷ˼ϢҲһ


362 Ž˽
֣֣ǺҵһλʥӣȥͷϢϵͻλҪμӡ
һ˹΢Ц
һؿҶǳ˵ҽкɣ磬̫ˣû뵽սңȻҲôˡ
ۿҶǳս̨һܺüʥӣһǶʥӣҶǳǳ塣
һԵĺЦɣ֪ˣ˰ɡ԰ǳսңӵгԽ˵ԴҲܽϾЩսҵڣҲǴӷ˾ġ
ţ磬ˡһͬ
Ҷǳǫֿˣô˵ҲֻһսɶѾսˡ
Щգһս磿̫ˡ
Ҫ棬սýǰŶԡ
ڳսʥǣ϶սΪֻ̤սܱΪʥӣսֻܳΪӢӵܻ׼ʥӡ
ܹμһξۻʥǣк̤ܶսʾʥӡ
ĳϣҶǳССս͸еǳˡ
ãЩʥǵĶǳ߰Ϊ۸Ҷǳֻս̨ͬһսҶǳŲѰء
㲻Ҫǫˣ츳ղǿĿˣͬһսڳʥӣûĶ֡ΪԴ϶սѹθɾܹĻ֮У;̤˾ս磬ѾǷǳ˲ĳɾˡҲһսңͳΪսˡ˵ΪͨղŵսѾ֪Ҷǳȷ̤߽
츳ԺЩӲУ㲻罣ʺԲҲһ
ľţټǺ¥Ĺϵ統Ȼܾ
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ںĿ佱Ҷǳ΢΢һЦûǫˣΪֵǫǽˡ򺣷磬ȭϵͻ磬һμӡ
֪ͻδػƽȻӦ¥ô޷Щս
ãҾڴֵĴݹˡһЦ漴ǣҪȥкʥǡ
ǰ·˵磬
Ҷǳǳ壬Ƕ룬û𾴡
һΪԶ벢ûչ¶ʲôǿ츳
ˣһ·ϣɶǳغҶǳ̸û롣
뿴ǰ˵ЦҶǳͺɣɵ΢΢ЦܿˣΪԼģԼһΪ¥¥ΪսҼҲҪмӵĴ
룬һɹģ
밵Լ͡
ںɵĴ£Ҷǳ˺ҵĹķҲɱ۶ηǳĲҲݻ
ں뿪󣬶ʱҶǳϲҶ֣һδչЧܴҰŸǵĿͷʥӼˡҪ֪¥ң˴ӵǰ⣬˶ֻסͨĿͷǳª
ǿΪﶼˡҶǳ΢΢һЦǰûжپ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
ǰǿΪǿʳǶҪΪǿߡͷгš
ˣ֣ǰ˵ľӣҶҾһӣҶǳȻʵҶңϣܹ˽һЩϢ

Ե˵ͷǰҶ˽Ļࡣǲǰһӣ֪˲٣Ҷǳ˵Ҷ֣ҶһλӣλӵţǽоӺǳӣֻһľ̫ˣѾ̤˾Ž̤˽ǳӶƳҶҡ
ʲôŽ˽Ҷǳԣɵ𺳡
Ҳ̤߽ѣܹܵԼĿֲ츳ԺɨͬˣԽ༶սʤˡ
ҶҵλӣȻһ̤˰˽һ̤˾Žֱֲ̫ˡ
Ҷǳë˵ëʮǿޣ۷ʱڣֻ̤߽ӽ˽ѡ
һ̤࣬˽ҲˣȻŽ򶼳ˡ
ŽǿǴ˵еĴڣܹ̤ˣָ
ˣΪս
̫ˣ
Ҷǳ̾һ̣Ҳû˿ԣеֻһ
Ȼǿ̤˽;ŽΪʲôҲܳɹҶǳһ޵еһ˫ڵŵĹâ
ԼδλӺǳӡ


363 ۽
Ȼˣ찡
Ҷǳ̾
֪λҶҵľ̤Žûһ˿Ҳûǰһսʥӵϲãֻһ޵еȽȽ
Ȼӿ̤ŽôҶǳҲõ
˿ԣһԣ
ҶǳжԼ˵ޱȼᶨڵﵹӳŵĹâ
Ҷ֣ϢɣϹƲôƽ˵ˣûмҶǳΪ֪Ҷǳղżսһ϶Ҫ
ͬʱҶ˼ҲҪȥ˼һºӦԡ
УʱֻʣҶǳһˣϥ£ʼԼոͻƵġ硯
ǿ𣿽ո̤磬ҵȻôǿ󣬸оԿսˡҶǳһ߸Լڵǿһ߾̾
֪ΪֽΪ̤磬Ҳ൱һսѡ
û뵽Ÿո̤ӵ൱ս
ﵽСɣɣԲжôǿ
Ҷǳ뵽ѵһսҪã
ֻһ̫ˣ˻˻ȭȻ幦Ҳͨսսģսǻϲܣ̫ˡ
ë˵ֻҪ壬ɾŴΪһ壬ɾ壬ȻԳս
ҪۼŴʵ̫ˣҲϲõ
ô˵ҵǿ˻ȭҲȾᡣҶǳ뵽ǰܾ뼧ңܾ˻ȭջʵЩᡣ
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ֻǣҶǳЩɻüͷȻôΪëڸҵ壬ֻںĹûһЩȭƷʽأ
ҶǳãȻλǰ幦ô϶Ҳᴴ˻ȭȭƷܷӳǿŶԡ
ҶǳڣӵǿǺͬļ˪ȾͲˡ
Ϊ˪ӵ˻ȭ԰Լȫӳ
ҶǳֻƣȻƷǿ󣬵ҲҪһЩսУǴĿӵս
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һսջֹ̤磬оǽԲˡ
ҪлˣλʥӵľѪɫƵҶǳĽԲˣǴҶǳ۽ʱ䡣
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ҶǳʼԼĽ⣬Լ޵УԼĽһ֣ͱһ޵еơ
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Ҷǳ򽣹ڲãԭΪҪһز̤һ磬û뵽⣬ȻһӾͳɹˡ
ʵҲҶǳԼ츳ƽҪ⣬ǵýսʾС
򽣹ڵĵһ磬ܲܵȵΪսʲɣսȻҲżôߡ
ҶǳȻǰ⣬ô̤˽֮Ҳͺˡ
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Ҷǳ˿⣬ѾǰˣͻҲ쿪ʼ˰ɡ
û뵽۽⣬һתۣ͹ȥʱˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦƿţһ𣬸źȥμӽͻ硣
ʱҶǳгţΪһ֮ǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ̤磬оǰ˽⣬ڷڴһλսҵʥԽˡ
ȻлʥӣûжȤϣһЩǿʥд衣
񺣷̤߽ľš
ͻӦòʧҶǳ΢΢һĨЦݡ


364 ͻ
ڵ磬ǼֱһƬѩ硣
أѩֻʣ±顣
ĵطȻ޵ıѩֻı֮У޾ĺȻ󿪳޵Ļ䣬һɫ
Ҷǳһ֮ͤУŲԶıѩеǳľ档
ҪĻֲǿ϶ᱻֻȻպʢֱ֮е漣
Ȼ֮治С뾪̾
̤ս֮һҪ߱½Ҷǳ֮ɫ
Զıѩǳʶˡ
ڵͤʱ涼ۼ˸սҵʥӡ
ķλʮͤ˿̲û
μϺңһʮսҾۼڴˣʮͤӦþʮսڡһԵ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴Զһ֮ͤеǸĶ࣬Ϊʱ˹ȥкҲкţǳ顣
ӦþҶҵˡ˵
Ҷǳ۾ţҶҵ˲࣬λû¶ľ⣬֮ͤнˣһһŮǳᣬԼʮꡣ
Ҷǳܹܵǵǿ󣬾̤սʾǿߣһͺһ̤߽
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ȵضЩİʥǣΪЩʥһǿŸȤΪǶǿͬ۷һսľš
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ɵѪɫԼĽΣ
һӣҲһš
û뵽ʻһλˣȤȤ

ԶЩʥǴҶǳյͷ
ͬǿţЩʥҲǳòһζĽԴ
ϾԲͽʵĺճѾЩսʶˡ֮ҲСšʵ
Ҳս⡣
һлңһҡ
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ҵɱҶǳĥʯͬǳȻǲлʹ޽ʣǶںͿɮһйϵ¥ȴǷǳˬҲҲˬҶǳ
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ãҶǳһսõ˲սҵϿɡ
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Ҷǳ֪ڵлҺȥҶ˵ǵĻҶ¥ƻƶļƻ
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ʱһҵĹâ䵽λʮ֮ͤС
ͬʱһɹսϢ˷ϯ
Ҷǳеһڲ
Ǿսҵ𣡡
Ҷǳ벻Լͬؿʮͤ


365 
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ҶǳңңЩӣѾĺ֮⣬λӣƺ϶һ㱡˿
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ԣҶǳһ۾ͿһλŮӣзǳ𾪡
Ȼս֮УȻֵŮӺ٣ҲûйֻλŮڵλãӦҶҵĲŶԡ
ѵ
λҶҵľӣȻһŮˡ
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ҶǳӶԷԱֻǾһŮ˼Ȼ̤Žôˣôأ
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кǣ϶ġ
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ǲɵÿӡ
ӴʱҲ̧ͷ˻ҵӣ΢΢ĬƬ̣һ㴫˳ǻӵɣαѯҡ

ԴЦһ漴ֱҶǳڵͤȥ
һʱΧ˵Ŀ⡣
ֳʱ˼ž
ЩսҵʥǼ״һĿɿڴš
ҶǳҲ𾪲ѣ㶵ؿ߹Ļӣɻ
Ǻǣ磬ʵĴˡʶһ£ҽл٣ǻһӡˬЦ
ԭǻӣ룡Ҷǳɫ΢΢һ漴¡
һԵѾˣһλӰȻύǡ
Ǻεȵң
ûΧʥƼ˹һһĿɿڴ
һ̣ܣ޲ô
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ҶǳԼҲӵ̫ܹܵλڵǿ̫ϤȲǸʶ
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ӹˡҶǳ˵ֱ˿͸ĸоܲˬû취λ̫ˣ˶Է
Ҷǳúѹ̫𣬷ĻҲ˶Է
쿴ӾȻСô
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Ҷ֣ǻûʥӣǵȫֵģ֧񣬶Ǹû洦ңǻӵѪпᣬؽύǣѱʲôĿġ
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ЦпķҲֻǻҲŻãսǲõġ
̫ûˣǵĸĸѵôԼĺȥ˴ʳ𣿡ҶǳЩţʳӣЩ˵ĸĸҲ̫п˰ɡ
ĸЩҴصĻӵܿûиĸЦҵ˿ɲȢޣһǴ°ŮˣЩŮ꺢֮󣬾ͻᱻҵ˷ŻȥЩĺӣҲǽͳһǴСûԼĸĸҲ֪Լĸĸ˭Ƕûֻ֣ǾսѪΪ֮󣬲Żᱻ
Ȼộѵû˹𣿡ҶǳʱŭЩŮӱ°֮󣬿϶ܡңǵĺӣҪ̵ĶԴ
ߵܣ˭ܣĲпᣬҶֲǲ֪ʵѾõˣϾûɱЩŮˣǲ̣ҲֻǶԴԼӵܶѡһЩսңңҲ֪ɱ˶ˡЩսǿޱȣ׵޷֮⣬սҲΪһЩ˶ǶԿɮһԸܣҲЩսңûĿɮһҲǿƣκβЩսҡ
ҶǳԳĬˣ뵽˱лһٵѧԺ۹Щսǰ׷˸޷⡣


367 
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ҶǳʵȻûκκôΪʲôҪ뺣ң
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Ҷǳ۾һǷǳĺô
ȻҲõ񣬿϶ôɵġ
ܹĻᣬҶǳ˵ѾǷǳĺôˡ
ңкҵıӻлҲɵһ
ο뺣ңûʲôԼ
뵽Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ȻˣԸ뺣ҡ
ãҾֲ֪ʧģƣƣԺʱǺˡǺҲõȥڵǺҶ﷢ģֻҪǺҵ˶ܽȡҶǳӦ뺣ңʱЦˡ
ͬʱӸҶǳһơ
Ҷǳ˹Ƴһֻۣǵһ֣ǳͨ㶪ڿռָˡ
֣ʱˣҾȸˡ漴
Ҷǳæ֣Եȣһ£֪¥ƶǷгɹĻ᣿
غѪҶǳȻҪʧܣҲûõѪˡ
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ŶҶôҲͿɮһг𣿡Ҷǳ
ҡͷҶҵľһΪս֮ΪսģʱȻʧˣʵ̫ˣڼս޵ȴҲӰ£ȽϣȻ޵У֮վǲһ㣬ҶҾһһֱܲˬɮһ˫ûжĳޡ
ԭˣҶǳȻһ֮˿
ֻҪҶһҪֹ¥ƶôžûôǿңֻҶҪƢѡ
£Ҷǳͺ뿪


368 Ҽ
ɿ䣡
ط䣬Ҷǳ۾˳˼
ͻȻ룬ôɣ˵ûʲôĿģҲš
ԼһССսʲôֵúעأ
˵ǾԼ츳ˣϣΪڶʣǰ
ֿԵǺܴ
뺣ҶҶǳԼҲкôӦˡ
۾Ҷǳһ򽣹ڣһ߼⡣
۳⣬ֻ˵Ǹո̤뽣ĴţҪԼĽøǿǻҪ
ҶǳͣϢţһκ֮УʶսҵʥӣһǿӣڻŵĴ˵ӡ
˵Ҷǳ۽˶ˣΪԼһսееֻһЩǵѹ
λӣҶǳѪڣдû˿
ʱ䲻֪ţڶ峿ҶǳһۣɫЩء
ΪǾǷƶӣɰܾڴʱ
Ҷ֣뿴Ҷǳ
ҶǳЦ߰ɣ
˵ͷ漴ţյĹ㳡ȥ
ôʥһãຣҵĿͣεʢᣬֻڳؾ޴Ĺ㳡ϽС
һ磬ҵ˾Ѿæµˣ㳡ϵŮǴУѾڷźõྫµˮˮ
ʱһЩʥӶѾˣຣҵˣΧŹ㳡ɽ˺
ҶǳҲһλʹ߰
֣Զ׼ʥҶǳЦŴкҶǳҲЦͷλйһս׼ʥЩøС
һߣ˪ݺݵصҶǳһۣԱһģƵŮӣشҶǳ
Ǽѩ˪Ľ㣬Ǽǿʥӣһӵߡһԣ봫Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˪ݺݵӣЦȻΪҿ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
Ȼ˪Ǳߴݻˣ磬Ȼ˺ңѵǼҲ纣𣿡
ҶǳһЦȴҲû취͡
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ҶǳûлػĿǸӣΪ˾Ȼڷѩش󺺣Ǹǿǿߡ
ڣش󺺾ȻһٿΧЩ𾴵Ŀ⣬ҶǳɵҲ³˵ˡ
Ҽ
ȻôңҶǳжʱһƬ𾪡
ʱҼƺҶǳĿ⣬ʱתͷҶǳĿ䣬Ǵһ˿Ц⣬һϢɲ⣬Ԩ
Ҷǳɻ󲻽⣬ʵ벻λҼΪλԼ
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ƹѲҼЩǣ˵λҲ֪¥¥Ǻĳλӹͬƶ񣬲֪λΣ
ҶǳЩԾƺû뵽ҼȻֱӾ£Ŀڵ˵ͦ¥
뵽λҼ¥¥ĹϵҲȻˡ
ǣΪ⿿ЩԸƶ񣬱ϾЩһս𾳽磬ôҲͻΪսҵļλȺҼ١
еľӣúҼƽȵĿ֮Բҵ
ⲻҼĻһǶʱ˼
лȿڣ˵ǰӣǵȻҪˡƶˡͬΪ¥վǷ˵ǸսҵʥдΣЩʥǶͬģϾܹΪʥӵģԼĽ

Ҽ΢΢Ц֮ҲţЩսҵڲǴӷ֮߳Ĳ˵˰ǰµ۹ͳһԲӣҲǷˣôûλʥǰ὾
лһϣ֪ôΪҼѾܸˣ˶֪лҵӣҪǾǴлҵ棬ԺҼֻԲ
£лӳĬ
ȴˣ˵ǰҳϷ֮ҲţǱϾ١¥ƶĳ˵ЩѡеķеţȥһʥӶܺɨǡ
𣿡ҼԣһĨ
һԵ㣬ǳһĨЦ


369 Ľ
ˣлҵע⵽˵ı飬жʱһͻȻֲõԤС
ΪǰյϢлҵʥӣһλսʣͱһ˸ɱˣлҶ˺ܴķ粨
ʱֻҼЦǺ˵ӣ˵һʥӾܺɨϵ𣿿Ǿ֪һˣͬɱλʥӣɱһλսҵսʡ
ʲô
ΧʥǶʱһЩӵɫ˱仯
ⲻܣߵͬɱλʥӣ浱洦ɼ𣿶ңҲΪõʵָ㣬ټӵк𣬲ӵʵɲŷ˵л񽣷ţ˵ͬɱһλսˡ
һԵлӣȴһɫǳѿ
ҼЦ˵ǲţԱߵлӣӦ
ôһ˵ɵӶе˼ˡ
ɣǱɱʥлҵˣ
лӵɫЩѿѵģ

˿лӣʱ۷׷ס
Ҳлӣ΢΢һǰ׳գлѿɫϣ֪Ҽ˵ˡ
л֡Ӳ֪ôڣΪ黻ңɫҲÿ
лӵײһܿɫָԭֻЩĮ򺣼ҼǰԲǷ֮еȷһλ˲õţͬնɱлҵʥӣһλսʡ֪ǽʵ״ӣõ˽ʵУ̫ˣ֮УҲҲڶˡ
ǺǣǽСءҼЦ˵
лһ㶣ѽˣĿ˽չ
벻Ҷǳͬһˡ
л֮䣬ΧѾһ¶˼֮ɫ
û뵽ʾȻһӡ
һӣ˵Ŀ⣬ųеҶǳȥ
ĺ磬Ҳ˹
֣ѵһλʦܣȵ
֣պʦܾȻ̫𣬽ǰһԺͽܰһ̾
ҶǳԶԣܱܲ¶Լݣֻҡͷ˵Լ֪
ʱЩǣҲһ˽磬˸ĪĹâ
Ȼ˭û뵽ʵͽܣһ̫һպ𣬶Ҷ츳֮
治ǽʰô꣬ҲôӰ졣
ǰӳɳ»Ϊʡ
ǿ𣬾Ȼһӳӵ߶ΪͽܣǺø

ЩʥǣһЩҵĳǣ̾ѡ
лӵɫǳѿлҵĳţȻ¶ʵ޹⡣ԱЩлҵʥǣһҧгݵصҶǳƺҲź
ҡҡͷվսҵӣҼûӷѾ޻˵ˣ²ٶԡ
ʥӣӹ¼ҹһȫǿֵģѾ̬֧¥ˡ
׼ӺͼӣҲʾ֧ƶ
ʣ¼ӣڿлӺӳԱ֮Ҳûпˡ
Ҽ΢΢һЦ漴˾ӣֻ֪Ҫ˵λӣô¾ûκˡ
£Ҽʵ֪ӶԴο
ԣҲ˾ӣҶǳҲһ
˭֪ӵķأⲻǾӵݣʵ츳ڳ˼ɵ
˿̣Ŀ˵Ŀ⣬۵˾ӵϡ
ӵȻģһƬƱһƬƣһλŮ䷲ʥ˾η
ҼĻ󣬾ӵЦҶҺͺȻԸ֧¥ôҶȻܷԣ¾ǰġ
ţ
ԣһ㶡
ҼԱߵ㣬ŵؿžӣƺû뵽Ӿ˵ˣһѹûС
ȺУҲĿɿڴӾȻֱӾ֧ƶˣ⡭
뵽ĵѣ붼Σ˵ǾӸڿЦ
ҶǳҲеЩ죬Ϊһѣλӣû뵽ԷȻ˺˵
һǣҲеǳ⣬Ϊλӿ¶¥ĲˬôһӾͷôת䣿
ΨкҼƺµʲôһ۾ӣЩζ˵ǺҶҵ棡
ԣ΢΢һЦ


370 
˭Ҳû뵽ôˬͬˣĽ֣˵ԤϣһӶЩĿɿڴ
ˣһλˡ
ͺܼˣҪλ̶顣
Ǹ߸ϣԼĽǱͲ࣬ǲԸϰ
ǣ¥ֻܵΪʥŪһ񵥡
ǣЩսҵӣսҲսʣȼһȻͬһ񡣹ʶ¥ֳ񵥣ֱΪͻʰμ¼սʥӺսʼʥӡ
Щ鶼ȥæˣҶǳЩһ㲻ھ󣬾Ͷںǹ
ȥҵҶǳѯһӵܣ㳯ǰȥ
ɿݣܴɣͬҲûжٺô
ҪõôǾֻͨɺҵõˡ
㳡ԶҶǳո뿪㳡ã㿴һϤӰͣǰһ
ӣ
Ҷǳ㶣룬λӸղŲڹ㳡ôһת۾Լǰˡ
ԣսͶӰܿҶǳͷʲôȻ
ﵽսʼ𣬶ӵսͶӰĴͨԽԼͶӰŵԼʶԸǵĵط
ǰλӦþǾӵսͶӰı廹ڹ㳡ϡ
˼ת֮䣬ҶǳǰλѾԼΧˣƺûпλӡ
˿̣ΧСˣʧ
ţҶǳʱ¶裬ǰ滺ľӣʵ֪кιɣ
֪ԼѾ˾ӵ֮УǰδȻûһѹȴΣա
ҶǳԴ޿κΣһμ쳣ǿڸ޷ƽ⡣
ҶǳָоԼںǾĵһֻϣֻҪԷһԼͱɡ
־ʵĲ࣬ҶǳеǳܣͬʱԽǿĿ
㲻õģҶ㲢ûж⣬ͷֻǲǵ̸
ӵȻޱȣģҶǳȴеһ˫ĿԼϣԼ͸
Ҷǳʱ亹죬ָоǳܣ·ѹ·˴һ
ëڵϢķţҶǳҲоԼǰλӿ͸ˣ𾪡
Ҫ֪ǺҵλҲûиָо
ѵλӱȺҼҪ
Բܣ
Ȼ츳Ͼսʾ磬һսҲǿҼ
ϾҼɲһսѾǸ߼սˡ
֪кָ̣ҶǳܲˬϾ˿͸ǳܡ
һĸо
Ʒһ
ǺǣһЦƺҶǳ飬ջԼĿ⣬漴˵һҶǳľĻ
û뵽Ҷһһλ⣬֪Ҷҵ
䣡
ҶǳԣʱоԺһ
ô֪ݣ
Ҷǳ𾪵ؿӡ
΢΢ЦҶط̽⵽ǷӵսǣϵսǣҾûжطظӦɴ˿ɼսǷͬСɣ˲ð
ԭˣ
Ҷǳһ̾û뵽ԼսǱ¶ԼԼսǣһսҪǿܶ࣬ؾӾ˲ŸӦˡ
뵽ҶǳӿռָȡöšһҶ졯Ҷǵүү͸ģëӡˡ
һҶ졭ȻǳһĵϵѹлôǿսǡӿҶǳеҶЩȡ
ϵҶǳһ
ԭΪּҵڡֻ֡ҶҵһϵӵܣҶҲ־߳䷲䡣û뵽Ȼǵϵһ
ǰλҶҵݲ϶ϴġ
ǣҶҵһϵӵܣôأңλ֡ʵɲǿûһϵĸо
սңӵܵУҲѵսǣżгֵģҲһЩϵӵܡϣʮӵսǵ˵УоŸǵϵӵܡ
ؿҶǳ˵ΪǵϵӵܣѪŻȸ˴иļʵսǡ
ؾҲӵսǰɣҶǳԣЩĪؿӡ
΢΢һЦսңܹ̤˽ˣ϶ӵսǡңֹӵսǣӵսѪ
˻ҶǳʱһͬʱлȻѹλӵ츳ô


371 ̸
һǿھǺãЩսΪôǿ󣿱ΪһǿڣʹúӵѪǿ󣬲ʱسһЩӵսǣսѪš
սǺսѪУĻսѪ
Ϊ˵кܶͷ˵սǳֵļҪһЩ
սǣսѪǳĿ£ǶսһִС
ǰλӣȻֹӵսǣȻսѪֱ漣ѹֿ̤Ž
ˣѪѾӽӵŮˡ
Ҷǳĵ̾
΢΢ЦսǺټĽ츳̤˽򲻳⣬пܴﵽ˽۷壬ʦ𽣻ʡ
ұʦԶˡҶǳҡҡͷʶ򽣹ڵĿ£ԽԽƳ粻ѣԼѴ򽣹Ĺ
Ǻǣ·Լ߳ģҪԼšЦ˵漴ҶǳеöҶö˷ӡˣҲãҪﵽս磬ͱҶҵ˴ȥǶǰϵӵܺܲá
ǰϵӵܣҶǳһץס˾ӻе
ԣǰϵӵܣ̾ǳһڼǰشıʣʱһϵλһؾ֮УӶһϵʵһǿϵȡȨһѾΪϵˡ
ǣǱϾѪҪһЩǵŻһЩΪѹһϵסȨǸȡȨϵһֱһϵϴѹǵԴԣڻصҶңӾԲܣ棬ٻɡ
˾ӵĻҶǳǸ֡ΪҪҶˣû뵽һȻ顣
ҶǳɵмضԾӱȭлָ㡣
ͬҶˣˣӰ˰̶֣ѵǸȡȨϵķչѾ÷ǳǿˡңһǳӣѾ̤˽ˣȰõȵΪս֮ٿǷҶҡ
Ǿһִ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ҡҡͷֻҪǻɱǾһǲֵģϾǵϵǸϵҶӵܡңҲսңĹأһпʵ˵ʵǿȫԶǵϵݺȨ
֪ˣʵҲûдҶңսǵĴУнʦڸҵĹ㹻ˡҶǳͷûǿʵ֮ǰǲ̤Ҷҵˮ֮С
츳͹ȱȱԴȻΪ˺ҵɿ䣬ôںŪһԴʵǿһ㣬ǰ⣬ӵӴԴ˵
Ҷǳɫһë͸Ժʵǿȥ⡣ڣλҲᵽˣʱһ˿档
кܶԴս½û𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵѵоǿ߸աȻŹĺûᡣ
ֻҡͷս½ܶսԴѾսҸѹθɾˡ⣬Ӵޱȣվս޷̤룬ԲűԴսҵǿߣںս½ϲźټսҵˡȻһЩ˵еǿߣҲں
˵գйâһȴԼĿռָȡһͼȻݸҶǳ
ǣҶǳӹͼһʱȻ
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˵ͼҶǳԺͷˣٲ·
£Ҷǳмؿӣлӡ
ͼҶӵܶУڲܽҶңҾǰˡǱܴϣܹǿƻصҶҵһĻҶȻǿ󣬵ҲΣҪЩǱŹͬػ̾
ΣҶҲΣҶǳЩš
ҶжǿЩսȥӭӾӾͿóҶҳ˾λ켶ţǸ˲ˣôΣء
ľַش֮̾ҶѾλսˣλǿսңлΪλս˵Щսһô룿ǿѾǳɵˣΪҶ̫ǿˣǿҪƻս֮ƽˡ
ȥǺпܻԸҶңҶǿҲͬʱֿôսҡΪˣβŻμʢᣬֺ֧Һ¥Ϊң¥ĿɮһҶҪ£ǿ
ҶǳŻȻѹǰӴӦôˬ죬һ;֧¥ˡ
ǸʲôȤҶǳЦ


372 
ˣӰʧΧľҲָԭֵٴγС
Ҷǳͼźҵȥֻء
ӵһܴµĹȻûдڻعҶҲǺʱɵ洳
սǹȱ
ңë۷սָ㡣
ȱٵֻһǾԴ
磬ҶǳʥᣬѾ̤սʾ磬ĳʵ̫ˡ
ͬͣ㻹սԷѾսˡ
޴Ϊ࣬츳Ҳֲ
Ҷǳս̨ɻлɡȵȣһսôһоͱԷɱˡ
Դ治֪ȺһôģʲôԴѵǰѵҩ𣿡ҶǳЩ̾ҲЩ档
˵ٶĵҩҲԣϾҩֻսͻƿ
ս絽սʾ磬ɲǳԵҩġ
ֿͻƿı
Ǿ˵Դ
Ҷǳһ˿棬ǰԶ˲࣬һΪǳ϶սʾϵǿߣսˣ˵Ҷǳսˡ
ΪǺҰŸģǺҵԼˣǲҪģΪֻҪ츳ãȻԴֻҪˡ
Щ뺣ҵĿ䣬ҪԼȡˡ
ƽǶЩĿ˵ѾĻԵˣϾǶ棬ǺѵõЩġ
ԴǴں⣬ǴһЩվż֮Уһ֣øǿᣬûսҵĶ֣˵еǿǺѶõġ
ҵЩҪ棬ƴҲδػõеıںңֻҪһЩܵõȻЩҲףٱƴǿˡ


߽һƬ
ҵǳ󣬳˽ŵǽ⣬ǽһ޴ˮĻ¼
ЩɵһǣѵľǣֱҲһ
⣬ÿĻ棬оŸҵˣǸһˡ
Ҷǳûмȥȡ񣬶ĻۿɵһЩһ۾ͲˣΪЩ̫ˣսʾ綼δܹɡ
ȻڴʱһϤУҶǳתͷȥǺˡ
֣ôˣ㲻𣿡Ҷǳ
ԿЦʸ飬Ǽ̸ⲻҿˣҲͳˡ
һ˵ţһ߿ܣ漴ЦŶҶǳ˵ôôȲҪȡŬ
Ҷǳ̾˿Ŭаοôʥӣһսʼ𣬶ҲһССսҲ̫ˡ
˵ͷҶǳĿЩź˵ϧ㲻ǳսңĻ츳϶̤սʾˡ
ҶǳпЦҶˣϧҶҡ
ҶǳҲ뿿ˣԸʳԼı£һܹߵ졣
뵽Ҷǳһ߿Ļбһѯʵ֣ӦúϤɣҽһЩЩǿΪġ
ǿΪǳ˵ҩһЩͻƿıЦ
Ҷǳ۾һУ˵ҩа취ŪҪһЩͻƿı
Լʦҩ浱Ȼ⡣
룡ԳƬ̣漴۾һ˵ˣͻƿõıôҶƳɵĲ裬ľ磬ͻƿа
սҵӵܣСʼͺ裬ԾԽ򾳽磬ͻƿס
Ҷǳɫһϲ衭
æܵбѰн񣬽һһ
ȥռ֮ˮһＫ֮ˮɻȡһ衣
Ҷǳ૵漴һԵĺ磬⼫֮ˮʲôѻ𣿡
Ц˵ڱѩǲԶǺռ֮ˮҲΪ裬Ϊֻм֮ˮݵ裬Чõġ֮ˮλǳ䣬谭սϵǿ߽룬һսֺѵֵֺ䣬ּ֮ˮ󡣡
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УӡԺ䣬һ졣
ͬʱٵ̫Ҷǳĺ˴˾񱩵ռ䡣ؿõΧһֵ汻ᣬһֵ汻պڡ
ԽȻ෴Ļ棬һͱҵĳͻͬˮһ
ϣҶǳĺԵøǿӲһЩʼѹƻٵ̫
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ջַ֣һǿԼ־ַܻ֣ʽյĻǿ
ڶַʽѪŴŴڴĻַ֣ʽԽҪǿѪȣѪԽôԽӽڵĻ֡
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ⲻܵҶǳǿĺ𣬻һЦԭʼĺǿֲ
˵ͬʱһĨȵĹâ
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˵ʵûаҶǳΪ˴˵ʵ̫ˣͬҲһ
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380 սԼ
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ԭΪԽս磬ȴʮս·ҶǳЦ
ȻøˣǴԵС˻ƽ̤֮ʮս磬Ҳܿٳһƽ֮ˡë˷ܵ
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ܹоֻҪܹ忪ƽ֮ţսٶȱǡ


385 ϲ
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Ҷǳ뿪ɽǵʱԶĸ߿УһĿע⵽һĻüͷ΢΢һ

֮ע⵽ҶǳΪǰëڳɱޣٶȺܿ죬ʵַǳǿòע⡣
ܶ˶֣ѵǴʮɽΪʲôҪࣿ
Ҳܺ棬Ϊëٶ̫죬ֱסûǰѯʡ
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387 ս
ս̨ϣСΣޱӴǳ׵ǳ𺳣ֻ޴ԴͬһСʮ˫ɺ۾˸
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Ʋأ˵һ޻ʣһͷ˶Ҫǵ


389 Ϊ
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Щ˵ޣǺܸߣԭͲԸƴġ
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390 Ի
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ҶǳҡͷѾﵽսˣǵЧҲʼˣֻԼˡ
Լ̫ˣүָǰ۷ʱڵΪأǱóˣֻںǲҵԴë˵Ϊľ̿Ȼˬ
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391 
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392 
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393 ȺӢƼ
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ߣʸս˵ɣһ漴һֱֳĬ콾΢һ˿֮ɫ콾Сˣ˾ܹ񶼽ëͷСˣȻΪ򶨣̬˵ѵð
˵ﾪˣҶǳЩȡ
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ǰ콾ǾһţޱȵưһҲ֮ͬ˷
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˾ܹ˭ĳڶлѧԺϯѧԱڸǽһս磬Ժڵѡ
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ڵңȷǾ֮ܣһ죬һΪӥġ
ϣ콾ȻԼǾ֮ܣĻȴЩ⡣
СӻЩ֪֮˾ܹԹЦ
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㡭˾ܹŭ벻ͨΪһԼȻԼսһΣȴԼˣûǶԷ
ȴǲ֪źҶǳһսѧԺлˣ˾ܹﱻˣеȻˬͰй˾ܹͷˡ
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ǱǲǾ֮ʲôЦǣСô콾ܵˣѹû㵱ɶ֣ĿѾЩսҵӵˣȴմմϲͬ콾¥ֱǶ衣
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̫Ҫȴ֪˵ʲôҲ̾˵ĲЩսұЩֻľ֮ܶѡ
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˾ܹȥɫɭѿֻȭͷյýģ֨졣
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콾ëЩȣ콾İϾҶǳ콾ΪУҲӵҶǳսǡ
սǣСܹô죬Ҳë漴˵
ͬҶǳƴ콾ѧԺԺλսԽ̵ҪԴԽȻܿ졣
ڿ϶Сӡ
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ҶǳҲûٰ콾ɶ֣УĶǺĶʥӣк١Щǿӡ
Ȳ̸СˣһݺԺˣǵüƻһ£뿴ôܻʹȥë˵
Ȼ˵ԺҲǵڹսǰڻ᳡ܲͶӰ󷨣ԺľͶӰ棬ڹۿ
ڻʹ棬Ժ᳡ϣȴǲܽȥ죬ѧԺĲѧԱʦ⣬Ҳֻ˻ʣԼĻʺ̫ӣ޵ļҪڣˣǴ󳼣ֻۿͶӰ
Ҷǳǲαװɻʺ̫Ӱɣܴ˻ʺѧԺԺԣֻܰĿѧԺѧԱϡ
뵽Ҷǳʱ⣬ëѧԺĲѧԱҶʶҪ͵תװһ˵ӣȥ
С˵ļ򵥣ˡëߵȣðһƭסΣ˸һƤߣ˵һҪòУ¶ˣΣˡ
ƭǳǺףϾЩҲвסԺ俪ʼ֮ǰǶĴƣѾƤ棬յǲ֪֪ҲֱȻױ¶ݡ
ҶǳüͷͻȻҪھͺˣǸһƤߵտǷǳ
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396 
ҶǳһοʼˣҲ֪һﵽȥڷˣȥƭˣ붼úЦ
ţˣ˵Ժôֵ飬Ǽһﲻ֪ܲսҲ˵ء
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ë˵ͷҲûе˺ãã㵽ȥѾˣǼһ϶Ŀʾˣô
а취Ҷǳ¶һĨصЦݡ
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Ҷǳûж˵ֱӳȥˣҵ¥еһСһǮ˵һЩ
ӷģСһ񣡡С꣬æؿ˵
ҶǳЦֻҪܹʣµǮһ˫㡣
лӣСϲŸȥ
ȵҶǳݣë˹ɻС˵ʲô
ֻųһնǺǣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ëһ¡
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ڶ죬Ȼޱȣ̸Ժ䣬˾ܹ콾콾¥ԵҲ鿪ˡ
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Ϊ硣
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ʱҶǳëѾ׼ŻˣڴʱǸ⼣߰ߵ̣ƹϵͻȻһ˸âҫۣһɫĹ漴лһĻ׼
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ëҶǳһۣһһ
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397 
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ҶǳԷ˷ۣΪѪǴײ˰洦ɼ˵սѪЧѾˡ
ԱүûãǶСðëе
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ҶǳǲûԶԶص棬׼ѧϰһһġֶΡԱպ󡭡õţ
һһ·ɱ±ߣʱţӿռָȡһܳһǶһִ׶룬ݺݵز¸УȻץͿʼȥˡ
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ԣʷƾõХԨ˭Ҳ֪ʲôܡ
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СӣҪȥƣͻȻëġҲЩȲˡ
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ȷǽȻ٣ֻǲ±֮Уȴ޼᲻ݣǳ¡Ҷǳ֮ɫղһ˿٣ȴܹ˵壬½жô¡
ǼȥëԽԽȤˣҶǳȥ
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磬˵ХԨǲǱЩŪģ֣ôƾճЩأѵȻҲܲҶǳ̲סʵ
ȻëҡҡͷƽһЩ˵ЩȻģһλĽǿߣүûпĻХԨǱ˸һģ±ŻŽʱţ±еĽѾɢȥˣԽ½Խࡣ
ʲô
ⲻܣ
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Ҫ֪ХԨжǿ൱ǽôҲнӽһǽǵĳǽһǧ߶ǰ˰ס
ȻëȻ˵Ǳһģôţ
Ȼ˵˸ĵزɽҶǳԼ˵ɣһЩСɽ壬һ֮ݻ١
ХԨô󣬱˵սˣսˣҲõ
СӣرҪö࣡ëתͷŵҶǳߵүܹХԨǱһģܿó˵ľʵûдﵽս񾳽磬۷ս𣬸үǰࡣΪսĻô۹ȥ꣬±еĽҲɢ
ǰҲƻҶǳһ𾪵ʵ
սѵǿˣ


398 
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Ҷǳ֮ɫǰս۷𣿶Ѿˣô᲻ˣ
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Сӣͬս۷壬ҲвġСӺһս۷ȣж󣿡ëʵ
Ҷǳ˵ˡ
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СӣһЩǿţڴﵽս۷ʱԿս񡣾Сϴ˵ľӣľŽһﵽս۷壬ǼһЩ񶼲Ķ֣ݵؿսԲ⡣ë͵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴̾λǰӦҼĽˣֻǲ֪ǷΪսΪսô϶лҵһΪһλɡ
｣ļ̶ȣХԨѾڼǰʹˣǸʱѾûʷˣ޷̽Ѱëҡҡͷ
Ҷǳ˵ͷһ̾޵£ֲʱʴҲ⣬ɮһлҵĽǼȥ꣬Ҳ˼ǵãΪһ·ߵ˼¡
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СӣǼȥɣСӾ߽ģøһĽ⡣λ߷ǳĽⶼһ֡ľˣܹôĽ֮·аë˵ţȥ
ʲôǵҶǳʵ֪ġ̫ˣ׽͸ֻ֮š
۷ս׷ĶС˵̫ңԶëҡҡͷ漴ƣһ׶αǰ壬һ׶ξǡˡǡĵҲһЩĵǷǳҪġġôΪսʵһ١෴һЩġһΪսôʵͷǳǿ󣬱һЩΪս˶Ҫ
ôġأЩҶǳ׷ʵǹغԺʵȻҪ
򡮵ûʲôɣһֻԼĻԵⶫ˸޷ڸ㣬ֻԼ򣬶ʲôǾͿԼˣ㵱һ
ëҡҡͷ˵ΪΣֱӦԺİ壬ǿǳȰ塢еȰ͸ߵȶѣһ˵еȰͲˣ񱾴үľеȰ壬ߵȰ̫ˣܹߵȰ˺٣ȵսǵļʻҪС
Ȼǿİ壬ǵȻҪǿİ壬һҪߵȶѡˣƶӦʲôҶǳȭͷЩŵ˵
ëЦǺõģǹȵžˣҪ֪İ壬ͶӦԺҪġԽġԽԣȰˣеȰ˵Ǹ׽սߵȰ壬ôսѶҲ౶
˳Ȱ壬ԺܼеȰ͸ߵȰ𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵ
ǿԵģëǳһĨЦݣǺѳɹٱүû˵СҲҪøԶһеȰͲˣǧҪȥߵȰ壬ȻҲҪȰ塣
ķְ壿Ҷǳ˵ͷʵ
Ԫ١硣ëЩĽ˵ư˵ƫڱȰ屩磬Ժеٶȶӿ࣬ɶˡеȰ弫٣ôϲ㣬ͬ磬㼸統УٶȶǱ޷󼰵ģҪӣ˸޷㡣
ҲŲأҪǹǿܹǿҵսҶǳԷ˷ۡ
ߵΪҪΪǿߵġ
ٺ٣СӣҪֻ֪бס׷ߵľ磬ûˣôΪս񣿡ëЦ
ѵưֻ𣿡ҶǳˣȻë˵öԣϣǿս
Ȼǣëҡͷ̫Сˣκһְ屻ȷʹˣܹǿսеȰ弫٣ӵ޷󼰵ٶȣôȫĹٶȸ죬Ȼǿս⣬ٶȿˣĽս벻С
ˣԭ廹ãҶǳ۾һʱȻ
ëЦ˵СҪܹߵȰԪôĽĹԳˡסү˵ˣΪеİ֮УԪ嶼ڹǿһС
ģҶǳϲɫ


399 ɫ
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ëٺЦ֪ʲôǴԪ˺ѿռҪܹʲôµĹˡ
˵ţëָХԨߵХԨҪܹԪ壬ôﵽս𾳽磬һҲܹǿһһ
һҪԪҶǳԶʱᶨ˵ХԨտտ˿
˵̫ˣʲôʱﵽս𾳽磬̸塣ëЦŴȤ
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СġҶǳ
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˾ǣХԨ澹ȻһƬ޴ɭ֣澹Ȼ޵ŭ
𾪵ǣղųһľȻˣһͷ;޴Գ
ͷԳ׶ֱֻ࣬Ҳ׶ܹ࣬ϵˡ˿ڣͬһ㡣
⣬ԳұǾ޴УȻһһߴĻƽ𱦽ǽ֮лн£ǿңâ̱
찡ҿʲô
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ǻ˾棬ѵΪλǰĽԲŵԳ
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˵գ߶ëıϷȥͷԳȥ
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Ҷǳ˷ܵĴУԼǳţԼģºӲӲֱӻӶڽӦȥ
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䣡
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СӣͷӶ磬ʲô߿УëЦ
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𣡡
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Ҷǳ۾һɣ֪Ҫƴˣһ϶ǳ£ϾǿǼʮɳĽâӲӣæ
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СӣӺƾУҪҪүְæëҶǳϿţЦ
ҶǳҡҡͷŶŭĺɫԳĿ֮оȻһ˿˷ܣ֣ԽǿԽãÿĥҵĽϾҪҵôһͨƾеĶ֣ɲôס
СӵǴë޵ȻүȥСӽʡ˷ʱˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ


400 ͻ
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ҶǳԽԽ˷ܣΪɫԳĽǳʺĽĥʯһսеǳĳ죬һЩԽĸȫһˡ
˽һҲŲǽˣվֻ֮
Ҷǳš
ʹﵽ˽һľ磬˿̣ȴµĸҪ˽һľ֮һߵĲΡ
Ҷǳ֪Ѿˡؽ֮
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ҵʹϯɫԳͺţȴû֮ǰƵĳǿҶǳгη塣
ҶǳҲûмɫԳȻ֪ԼڿɱɫԳ뵽ԼĽܹ֮ͻƣǶͷɫԳԼϵιУûͷɫԳд裬ҲͻƵô졣
ԣҶǳԺɫԳЩмӿռָȡһƿ˵ĵҩŶĺɫԳ˹ȥ
κˣҶǳĺɫԳЦ˵֪ܹҵĻ
սޣ϶ͨˣοɫԳﻹսĴڡ
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ǣɫԳ΢ԥƬ̣һ˵ҩ
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ɫԳƺתҶǳҲ¶һĨ΢Ц漴ָƵĺɫԳϥղŵս
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Ҫ֪ҶǳϾ򽣹ûãڵĳɾѾκνž̾ˡ
߽·ģҶǳ̾
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Ҫ֪˽һǳΪǿߵһ־̤룬һ̤ȥҪǾ͸Ӽˡ
ܶһӶֹ磬޷ľ硣
ڣҶǳô˽һľ磬˵ؽ֮ѾܶսսʼĽǿˡ
ҪлͷɫԳҶǳ뵽ͨһд費ôͻƣؽ֮ԭΪͷɫԳġԼĴ̼
ͺɫԳļս֮УҶǳܹܵԷĺĽԼĽƴеһˮһ
ΪˣҶǳŴӶԷĽ֮иܵ˺ܶ࣬˺ܶ࣬Լͻơ
ҶǳҲһ⣬ǾͷɫԳĽǿԼģô޷ӳֽ
Ҫ֪ǿĽһӳȫͬ統м޵еģôܻᱻҶǳԽܡ
뵽Ҷǳչ۾ĺɫԳ
ɫԳѾָƣ˿ڵϣɴ۾ܹ衣
óڸҶǳ
û뵽һﻹøжҶǳɵЦˣͷɫԳøм
𣡡ɫԳ￴Ҷǳʱͺš
ҶǳЩ⡣
ڴʱëץšǺл䣬ҶǳЦСӣûȻʶ׼ء
ҶǳԻȻ


401 
Ҷ֣Ҷ֣
񣬿
һҶǳʱϲؽе
ҶǳȻƤߣƤ߾ģȻܹϵó
ɣҶǳűëץŵɵЦ
Ҳû취
ëǺεȸ֮߰ˣıϡ
ҲֻҶǳ
ƽʱСҲֻҲëץš
䣡
ëҶǳĻٺЦţʱɿצӣȥ
û׼ֱˤ˵ϣ۵ֱ¡ϾûҶǳôǿ
ǹ˽𡣡ݺݵصë
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ΣҲֻɵˣ˵
ˣˣˣҶǳ˰֣漴ë˵˵ҪҪȥ
ҶǳָŶĺɫԳ
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ˣô˵Ҳֻ뿴ʲôԾǰˡҶǳæ֣Ҫëɼˣæ˵㻹û˵㵽ײ̽ʲôдĹ𣿡
УУ
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̣վҶǳϵëʱеȻ̣СӾȻֱСӾȻܹ߶򵥰
˵ţë´һ˸Īɫʡ
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ǡү˼꣬ʲô֪ëʼĴţҵ
Ҷǳʵʲô¶ʲô˼֪𣿡
̣˼壬˵ġбĵط˶ǳŨ̾ĵҲоƵģ̫ԶΪ̫Ҳû취⡣ǣû취⵽ХԨж졣
˵ָʾХԨŨĵط
˵ţָǰ
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ѲɣǱؾںɫԳļң
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ȸȥ˵ë͵̧ͷ𾪵ؿǰɫͻȻޱأоȻЩˡ
Ҷǳ漴תͷȥʱͿ˲Զһͷͷ͸ߴĺɫԳվɽϣۿǡ
ЩɫԳһ⣬ȫһƽ޽ǵʵɲ⡣


402 ƽ޽
ҡǽ𣿡ǰɽһͷͷ͸ߴĺɫԳǣʱŵֱ£ЩͰ͵˵
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𣡡ʱҶǳǰĺɫԳ˷ܵ˹ȥɽϵһȺɫԳš
ɽЩɫԳǿҶǳǵĿһЩտʼôˡ
Ҷǳʱ˿
Ϊղëˣ˵ȺɫԳﵱУʮλսʼĴڣҪǴǾԻᱻɱӶӵõ
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Ҷǳ˿̷ǳԼ֮ǰûɱڣĻԼëˡ
𣡡ȻǰһͷɫԳתҶǳϵóǺдĴڡ
ʱлŸոմӻƽ𽣴̻ϰһѻƽ޽ѻƽ޽ҶǳҶǳ˼
ҶǳЩؿ
վϵëȴЦ˵Сӣ˵㽣ǿӦı°ɣİ㵱ˡ
ҶǳȻ漴ӹƽ޽Դڱʾл
ëóôҶǳеĻƽ޽⽣׶೤ҶǳԵСˡ
ҶǳЦ
СӣˣѽƷʱȵĺڽҪһﵽƷĳ̶ˡëЦ˵
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҶǳеĻƽ޽׶೤ĽӶɢһɳصѹȸСҶǳ߶սʱϱĽɫâ̫ͬըһ㣬µĽâȥԶһСɽ¶ֱӺˡ
ԶȺɫӼ״۾һҶǳĿЩˡ


403 
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ǲϧѽû취ˣҲ޷ĺڽںϣʱãԺҵʵıүΪĺڽë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷи뷨ѻƽ޽Ըġ硯ãΪġ硯ݻûһѳֵı
뵽ҶǳͰѻƽ޽ս˿ռָ棬ȻëǼźɫԳǰǵϳ
һ·ϣޣ۶ôȫȺɫԳˡ
ҶǳóȺƬռ䣬޵еġ

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ȻҶǳС㣬Ƕеǳĺ档
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Ҷǳɫһ䣬ܣȴЩȺϰΪûκεĻţе֡
ҶǳܿͲˣΪһߴ͵Ӱǰ
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ѾþûˣӭǣǺԳһ峤սްһĺɫԳȻ˵ˣһ㣬
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ǺǣʵɲСӺųǺԳһĵһţʮ̤ս磬ȴĶ֡ңҿóͺСԼŶʮҰɡսЦǺǵ
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Сӣӡ󲻴ʲôطʲôŹ֡ëҶǳ
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ǺǣǰѾˣʱﲻХԨǽ֮ĹǺԳһ壬ǽ֮Ĺػߣ汲潣Ĺֱܹ̳н𴫳Сս΢Ц˵
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Ҷǳ׷ʵ𣿾һХԨλǰ𣿡
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ս̾ϧս޵УǰˣԸһֱսǰХԨ˴УҰԼڴ˵ءǺԳһȱܹĶݣһֱĹڣֱĴ˳֡ȻҪ̫ˣôûһܹﵽҪ޷뽣֮Ĺ
СӣĻᣬĴԵëʱ
ҶǳҲЩˡ


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սĵ·ԭôпᡣ
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ңЩһǿߣҲŬսǵκһ˳ɹܾ˵ս֮·
ǰҲǧľš
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ҶǳǸ⣺˼峤ղ̸ǰķɣЩͶˣҶǳˡ
ҽҲ˵
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ҶǳЩ˵峤֪ҪʲôǲǵʵǿһЩɹļʻһЩ
Ҫܼ򵥣ǶϣֻҪûгΪսǶʸμս˵
Ҷǳһ㶣ʮսΪսѾԶˣڱòμˡ
ֻǲ֪ᵢãϾҪμԺء


405 
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˵ֿ꣬ҶǳǸ㴩Ĳ࣬һ£ֻԴ¸סˣԵʱ㣬һΪҲһģϷ˹ֱչֳĽҲ֪ˣΪûǵϢ
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ҶǳȵǣȻ˸ҴԳһ⣬ֱϾпսʥ޼ĳǿڣսҳλս֣ܹºԳһ塣
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˵Ⱥ˵ĿĲǽ֮ĹҶǳȻһ
ֻǣ˵س˽֮Ĺʲôֵ˿ıأ
ҶǳԵĿͣһƲ֪»Ҫ峤սС
Сӣ㲻𣿡ëվҶǳļϣĿŲԶĸߴǽ˵Ǿ֣սôûе˵ʬǣԳһ尮ɾǵʬˣҪһѪɣܲܰѪ˰ɡ
Ū˰ɣǳǽ治кܶѪ𣿡ҶǳָŲԶĳǽ˵кܶطѪȾˡ
СӣŪˣЩǺԳһѪүڣܿġǽЩѪԺԳһ壬ûһǵ˵ġëЦ
ʲôҶǳԴһ
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ܹǿĺôǿ˺ԳһˣڿȻȴҲκβ˺Գһ塣
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ˣҶǳë˰ۣƲ˵ЩҶ֪Ϊ֪ҲŸеɻ󡣡
Сӣ𼱣һֿԱүû˵ëûصҶǳһۣ漴ԶĳǽɫѸһֿܣǱǵĵ˲ǻŵǻŵǾûѪ
ⲻܣҶǳһ㶣漴ҡͷͶ˵һȺµ࣬Ȼܹ࣬ǣôܲǻˣ
СӣѵǡǾܹսղҲ͵˰ɣǶһȺźµˣԴڸⲻǡеװ𣿡ë
Ҷǳһëĺܶԣȷкܴǡ
Ҷǳ˵ҲҵĲ²⣬´μ峤ʰɡ
ţ²´μʱʿսǵĵǡǾһҪԭΪү֪Ը磬ɳֺõ飬ԺԳһһĿģǾԲǳɹëҧ˵
ĴˣֻҪлȻŹ


406 
ſ͹һ飬ҶǳһЩ˽⣬Գһڵɽǳ֮ΪʥɽɽһҲǽʥ
ʥ֮ͨĹڡ
νĽ֮ĹʵҲǽأֻҪսܿһأһëԼء
ͰĴзصУһ顣
ʥɽΪģΧƬɭ֣ʵҲһ統СΪĴڣܹһЩǿޣԳһҲܹõ档
Ļʼʱû磬ȫǹͺͺһƬĹȡʱ򣬺ԳһҪÿ뿪ХԨȥԣӶʳƬ֮ǾͲûʳˡ
磬ǴսŪģԳһȱ˴ս񣬴սڳΪս͸Ū磬ǻ
ˣдսڵ£û˸źԳһ塣
ԣԳһ嶼ѴսԼǵУսͽһΰڡ
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ǰǿǴս񰡣ǧսԴӴս֮󣬾Ҳûгսˣǧ˰ôս񶼳Ϊ˴˵ǶѰĴУȴӰ٣Ҳ֪һԵҲź
Ҷǳһۣû˵Ǿ֪ɣһ䣬һ֮Ĺǻ㡣
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Ҳͷ˵ǰȻԽȥҵΪ츳Ҳͽȥһ䣬ܵõĴСһǰ͵õʵĴУڽϵ츳˵ˣν𴫳п϶ˡ
Ҳô˵ȥһˣҲ֪жٸŽ͵лҾŽǶûõ𴫳УҵϣҲ󰡡ҶǳЩǫҡҡͷ
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ΣҶǳЦеؿë˵
ë̾Сڽ츳û˵𴫳Уү϶Сӵˡ
Ǿͽ㼪ˣҶǳ΢΢Ц


407 ȥ
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ҶǳڰʱͿһսԼĽڴˡؽ֮˿̣򽣹ڣȡ̤롮ؽ֮
ʱ䣬Ҷǳڴ˵ͺԳһǿд轣򽣹ڣԽˡ
ëڵڶ뿪ˣҪȻȥҶǳ顣
⣬СǵһҾ¥֮УҶǳû˻ȥżġ
ʱת۹ȥҶǳ峤ս֮󣬱һȺԳĻ£뿪ХԨ
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һջôãҶǳӿռָóһöӶտ˿Ҳ¶Цݣͬʱ˵ʱ䣬Ƥߣģ㣬ֻҪͬУԺõõ
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лҶǳЦЩƤߣЩߣԺʱܸıݣлҪҵǾڴ롣
෴Ҷǳʹ˿ڰУŻɱлҵǿߡ
СӣúŬֻҪʦ𽣻ʵΪͲúлˡëЦ˵
ʱлҪˣҶǳԹЦЦгš
صǣҶǳëǷֿˣһѧԺѧԱڵĿջ׼ѧԺ˻ϡ
ΪԺˡ
ףȥˣԺأϽɡҶǳ̤ջʱӭһϤӰɡ
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ԺҸʲôҶǳѧֵʵ
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ŶǸϽȥɣøԺȾˡҶǳлȻ漴Ʒɾջܡ
һǾ˸Ժڵӡ
ʱѾа˸ˣ󲿷ֶҶǳˣֱϳǡǰϷ塢á콾Ҷǳʶġ
վǰǸӣѧԺĵһԺ껡
껿ŴҴҸġ֡ɣذ˰֣ȥɡ
Ҷǳı껿æƷ콾Ǻ档
ʵϣҶǳЩ̫СˣΪʱ껣û̫֣Ŀһֱ콾ǰϷ
ˣԺƷɺ֣ľӢҲֻǰǴ棬ûָǻԺ


408 
УڸѧԺѧԱǽԺĹأ֪ҶǳУȻ϶Ŀɿڴ
ԺѾһǧ꣬ػӣʱǺѧԺԼлѧԺѧԱ˻սԵ̨Ϊܣվ̨ϵǸ˲ʤߡ
Ŀɨ콾ˣ˻սַʽܿǵʵܿǵǻۣϾ˸ΪУ˴˿ԵжԣҲ̫ˡԣϣǵʱҪ侲ӦУǵǻۡ
ǣһѧԺѧԱ˵ͷѾ֪أдŶ˸Եļƻ
Ҷǳһ˵ıԹأЩȣҲ˵öԣֱԹزԿѧԱǵʵܿѧԱǵǻۣǷǳʺĥѧԱġ
ԿóѧԺĸ߲ҲģǾٰԺ䣬ΪΪĥǵѧԱǡ
콾ǰϷ壡ٴοˣɫ֣صʵǿӦöܽǰʮʱʮ˻սʱǰϷ壬ҪȫЭ콾һΣѧԺһҪӮ
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ͻСлμһԺ䣬صشǹʶʶ׼ϾԺ仹Ҫȥһʱĳɰ㲻ʲôǻҪδΪһԺѧԱ
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ϳǵûвͽȥȥһأϾѵһ۹ĵ۶ȻҪʹ죬ûָԼܹԺ϶ڣѧԺҲûָ
ֻ·ɺԱʱϳһ䣬мغһУһ̨䣬ʡı˴̨ѧԺ
ҶǳԲû˵ºϳǾ¶Ǿ͵òʧˣлѵϳǡ
ߣɣҲûСײϳǣֱϳǣҶǳˡ
ϳǿǵıӰһЦУΪе츳ܹµ۹㣬ǳ룬ߣ

صֵӣսȭͷ޺޵˵ΪǾܾϳһٶǣߣʱţǳΪս󣬾Ͳüɵˡ
Ҷǳһʱˣԭϳɺ֣˸ܾˣԻģ⵹ǷϳǵԸ
ҲһͬϳǴѹɺ־ȻȻˡò˵ѧԺˮ
Ҷǳɵ÷ǳԼûмѧԺûôﵽز
ûĶã㿪ʼˣϳвڣɺǳڷܡ
עһ֮ҹܶ˶˯ţڴԺ䡣


409 
峿նɫסǣ۹ĻʹҲýӲ
ʱʹѾۼˣѹѹһƬֱɽ˺
ǶڽŻʹǿ޴ͶӰʯۿţѾʹ󷨴ʦͶӰ󷨣ԽԺʱӰ񴫵ݵͶӰʯϣԱ㹩ǹۿ
ǰսǱصľҲ۹ȫظал۹µ۹οͣȻҲȱѧԺѧԱνʢǰ
˻Ƕడôĳ棬ս½ڹעɡȺУݣڲԶͶӰʯ
ʱԺ仹ûпʼѧԺ˻ûеͶӰʯֻ¶һЩŮڷһЩˮͲˮиʻزõķǳ
ߣʲô棿һȺСˣˣҪǼЩսҵǵʥսͲôˣǳ׳۶ˣսʼĸֵǣҲս𣬸һЩս𼶱ǿǲǴ氡ëĻЦ
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410 Ժ
ѧԺӵĽ᳡Ҳ֮ѧԺ˷ֱڻʹ㳡λлҵͻҵϷ
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ϳǵȻҲǿȴսϳǽս
ϳȻţѧԺԸЩҲܹԽսʤ֣ܹѡǰμԺѧԱһţ
ԽѾעϳȥûþͱѧԺѧԱһ̨߳ԱߵİлѧԺѧԱ˫ۿţѹûж֡
ǰ̭ϳǺλѧԺͰлѧԺѧԱſʼս
ϳǣǵѪЩͷɥѧԺǱߡ
ǺǣҶǳɶ鲻ԽЦ
ϳǴŭʱ߳ŭغЦʲôЦΪԼǿ𣿵ҲҺö١
ˣ£˿ЦûҶǳɻػ껾ȺȵɫóһҲܲ
ϳǲҶײ껣ֻ㬵£һ˫۾ȻɺҶǳ
һԺֳܿʤѧԺս½һѧԺõһź죬ѧԺ˶ǳˣ˻Ҳ¶Цݡ
ڶϿʼϳЩֻĿУЩŵ̨
ٺ٣СӣҸʱֶܹáϳǹЦǳģΪɵˣֻֻսɵȴһսһս
ͣҶǳûϳǣɼʹ


411 
̨ϵ꣬껵ɫٶȺѿû뵽ѧԺγǩô裬źûҲͰˣڶȻ䣬ң»ϳһĺѿҲ̫ˡ
콾ǰǵɫѿࡣ
෴ѧԺǱȴǷǳˣΪ̨ǸսǳѧԺڶҪӮˡ
Կʼиȵ
̨ϣɺͰлѧԺսѧԱһۣû˿ԥˣֹѧԺս
˱Ծʵ̫Ͼͻᱻ̭ʵ̫ǿôҪܵΧ
սͰս֮Ĳ໹Ǻܴġ
ѧԺսֹһҲţЦһŵӭȥ˫ȭӶ֮䣬սͱ̨𶯡
ûãɺͰлѧԺѧԱͱɳȥѪ硣
Ϊ̫ˣҲŸոմﵽս磬Ѿǰսˡ΢΢ҧЩģ
ѵԺ䣬Լֻ
Ĳİ
׻˵ٳĬڳĬб
һͻȻپ޴ѹʱǱѹ壬Ǳ
ѹǷš
ɾһţҶǳһҲǴСط߳ģûҶǳЩһֱڿԼŬѧԺûжʵսľԺлѹӺٱƼˡ
һ̣ɵͻȻ侲ԺеĹʽȫлתţһľӿͷͷ·һ֮š
ν֮ţŲܴ˵ľ磬ź׶򡣿ϧɴʱܶ򣬵Ҳõ˺ôһ޵ġơϻ
ͬʱġơеĽϣȻһ׵֮һݺѧԺѧԱ
ʲô
ѧԺѧԱɽд׵磬ֱ۾ӶɳˣӲӣֱӻӶȭͷմ͵սƺһӿɳɳȥ̨
ǵɽе׵֮ȴǴ͸ѧԺѧԱսͷ˿
ûᣡԶлѧԺѧԱ״ʱ۾һͬӥչһ㣬͵ع
䣡
׵ԵѧԺѧԱôɵغɳȥ
лѧԺʤжʱߺ
Ȼ˵Ŀ⣬ǿ̨ʤߣҲǿ̨µʧߣǿѾ߻ȥɡ
ΪڳˣЩѧԱ⣬ʵǿߡԣǵȻڸղţѧԺѧԱս֮ͻƣˡơ
ɲŶ󣿿Ŷʮңս𣬾ǰˡơ츳еš
츳ʧˣҲû˻С
ⲻһֱɫ껣ڼɴͷɥػʱʱЦӭȥ˵˵ãûѧԺ
ȻҲˣĺܸˣΪɾȻôˡơһǷǳټġס
֪Ʒֱ֣˵طˮףеطˮΨټ
Ϊ׷ǳǿסơˣǿ߽ˣټԺʵ͸ǿˡ
٣ɵòȻǰˡơءҶǳɻҲ˵ؿ޵
ǺǣҲû뵽˵ҪлǸѧԺѧԱıȣҲֻû뵽ľȻǡơЩҲЩ˷ܣȻƵǿ
ԱߵҶǳЩĽǰƣΪƴǿ󡣿ϧƫƫǷƣǰڸûʲôֻܸٶ˲١
ңë˵ƼȥԺ壬ǳߵȰ塮ԪУѻʲôǿĹ
ɵƾͲһˣԺֻȵİ壬ҲӵкǿĹ
ƵУлƣƣԼƣƣİ壬ȫǿġ
ƺˮƫ
ٶȡ
ɶһȻˡơôܣ콾زҲûơԶϳԹضɺҶǳ
콾Ȼս츳ǿ󣬵սʱҲûơϾơйأսǵĹϵС
ҶǳΪˣټëս۷ǿָ㣬ܹôơ


412 
ԺУĿǰԣѧԺͰлѧԺʤһҶǳˣһԺҲʮ
ѧԺȻƣҲѵøѾڿΪͽˣϾѧԺԺΪͽѧԺԺ֮⣬ʣˡ
˵ҲСˣϧ֮ǰյļͽܶѵţͽ˼һ𣬱Խʰˡ
һжҪԺ֮˵ڿɲͽĺʱ
գ껽Ŀ̨һǳѧԱϷ壬ǰøո̤ս磬ѧԺǽ콾ǰĵǿߣԶġ
սѧԺͰлѧԺҲڶǿߣϷûʧԾԵʵȡʤ
ƺѧԺʼתˣĳҲȡʤΪǱϷ廹Ҫǰ
ֻǣѧԺǿˣ֮ļѧԺ㿪ʼ֮·ˡ
ֱڰ˳ϳȻֻս磬ȻԽһսİлѧԺѧԱЩѵȡʤ
еβھųҲһʼˡ
ҶǳеľźֽǳһĨ΢Цվ׼ϳ
֣㻹׼ȥҾˣģⲻˣҶǳովԶϳǾ̳Ц
˵껵ϳһۣ漴ɫŹֵؿҶǳ֣̾ãҪԺڲ룬ʧҲҪҪѧϰɣȡսľ顣
һԣ콾Ϸ塢ǰˣڿҶǳʱҲ¶ͬĿ⡣
ҶǳԵɣ̾˿վҶǳļ򣬵ֵܣйԺһᳬԽģȨһΰɡ
Ҷǳˡ
ҲܹЩ˲Ϊһһǿˣʱ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ѧԺĶǿǺģ콾û֮ǰ
ѧԺãҶǳŴ˴ˣû뵽ϡ
ǺʵǳǿѧԺһֱѹͷҲ޷ڸķâΪ̫ܳˡ
һȱΪ˾ܹ൱ֻǺ߶һνڣӶԽˡ
֮ǰİ˳ԣǺûֵϣҶǳһ鵽Ǿźֽ
˿̣Ǻ˹עĿУĮ̆
һߣҶǳϳֻĿУҲ̨
лѧԺǱϳѧԱһսóǳƣΪȻǺײһʵ̫ˡ
ϾûײǺĻսʵкܴȡһʤġ
ֻڣҶǳһΪǺġ
˵ĿⶼǺУҶǳֻҶǺǿ
ûεĳ˸ղǸƵѧԺСһ⣬һ㿴ͷûСѧԺһЩ˵
Ǻߺߣڵ㣬ѾҵĶˡлѧԺ˾ܹһЦؿųе̨
̨ϣлҵϣ˻ûпУʼգǶڵ̸ţһԶûп
Ǻ֮ǰƣǶûһ⡣Ϊ𣬳̫˵ţһ㶼ǷС
ϾѧԱôţܹﵽģһͲˡ
˵սһͨǿߵżôսʾһ޴ĺ蹵ż룬蹵Ѷɰ
վǷˣսұ̫̫ˡлȻһֱڱ΢Цŵ̬ȣУѾ˲м
ѧԺߣ콾Ѿ۾׼ľ
껵濴ţȻΪҶǳӮҲϣҶǳܹͨһսȻּʺС
̨ϣǺɨҶǳһۣ㲻ٹעˣǽĿ˰лѧԺս˵Ҳ۸㣬һѹΪսڣҲʮ֮ڣܻ㣬Ҿ䡣
˻һȫ
ֻԱߵҶǳ˷ۣЩЦãΪ˳ˡ
Ҳû취Ϊǡֻ֡սΪʵûսȽϡ
˶ΪǺġԡеǷ񻶺ţѧԺˣΪǺе𺳡
̨лѧԺľս򼤶˵ã˵ġ
˵գȳǺҲһԵҶǳ
Ҷǳ״ֱ̨ϣս


413 ָ
̨ϣǺ˵ȻԼΪѹھսڣûóֱȭͷӭϡ
÷ǳҡ
лѧԺѧԱʵԶԶȲǺģǺѹΪʹôһ˫ĲС˺ܶࡣ
ң˻ʮ֮Լ͸Ѷȡ
ʱǺҲˣԼʵӳֻȭͷǹÿһγǳĿͰԵ
ԣǺóǹΪģ֮ǰѾ֤ʹʱԼ˫ȭ泤ǹ
˵ǺӶ˫ȭǾƻ˳ǹֺڽɱˣǳǿһӾͰлѧԺľսѹסˡ
ѹסˣǺӮˡ
Ϊǻʮ֮Լ
Ǻѹס˵ˣǽУҪ׻ܵ˲УѶǷǳģɫҲ
ʵ
һԹսҶǳɵõ˵ͷ
Ǻȷûн뽣ڣ֮ǰ˾ܹԲ١
ңǺǳһζʵȥѹƵˣüƲߡ
ڣǺѹסлѧԺѧԱ󣬾ͿʼĵսûһʩչС
ֱھйлѧԺѧԱսѾ˴룬Ǻһٷ˾С
ǻԭ
Ǻһ
һΣû˫ȭӶˣֻһȭͷֱ˾һ˳ǹȭͷ֮ų͵սдŻĸ
һȭһǹǳǳ񱩣ǻԭƣлѧԺѧԱ˳ȥʹ˲ҵ̨
ƣ
ڻʹ⣬͸ͶӰʯȺʱһƬ
ȻǺҲѾƣǡơңѾˣֲŸոơҪǿˡ
ѧԺţ
ճѧԺϯѧԱ
ҿ֣ǺܴѧԺѧԱˡ

ȺУ۹ڣѧԺѧԱǣ˷ܣػţǶе
ߣһȺ׳գⳡԿûнˣľʱ̲ŸոտʼеëЦ
̧ͷͶӰʯϵĻ棬վ̨ţǺɫŹ֣Щ֮ͬɫ
˿̣˶ӡ̨һսҶǳëȴ֪һĻ϶˴һ
ⲻ̨ϣǺڻ˰лѧԺѧԱ֮󣬾һ΢Цس˻ʹһȻ׼̨ˣΪΪԼѾӮˡ
ǣҪ̨ʱһϷŰĻʱ
һ£Իûнأھ̨ҿɾ͵ǰˡ
˵⻰ˣҶǳ
ǺлѧԺѧԱӵڿʼʱ̨һţȤعսţǺˡ
ʱҶǳĻǺʱתͷڽҶǳ󣬶ʱһ㶣ƺû뵽սСһȻ̨ϣڸЦ𣿻ΪƾսΪԽԼ
ǺɵݸһЦͬʱΪ˱ַȵЦݵҶǳ˵λѧԺѧܣΪĲ࣬ѹΪǶ˵ҲǲƽġɣֵսңΪָһΣ
ѧָѧܣǺεȡĻ氡
̨ϣԳһֱûжٹע˻ʣ˵ͷǺ̬ȡ
ѧԺǱҲˣĽؿҶǳΪǣҲѵõǺָ㡣
֣Ȼֶô˵ˣչʾһ°ɣһûᡣѧԺǱߣҲ΢Ц˵
ⳡһʼûָӮϾǰǺҲаʤ
ҶǳĻ֮ȴЦ
ҪָңҶǳվһĴϵĻҳһ߿ǺЩȤ˵
ǺǣҾɡǺ΢ЦƫƫˣȺЩŮʷ׷ס
Ҷǳȴ¶һĨŹֵЦݣͷǺãָһҵȭͷɡ
˵գҲҶǳչ¶սûչʲô˵ٶȣһȭǺȥ
Ǻ״ʱüͷԷȭҲֲ̫˰ɣӦòȭֻ˵һȭôָ㣿
Щ˼ԺһǺһֻ֣׼ȽסҶǳһȭ˵
˵ܣ
ǼֱЦҪǶһսȭͷǹƻᱻЦ
ǺסҶǳȭͷ֮ɫʱͱˣһֱϵ΢Цסˣɴ۾˼ؿҶǳ
䣡
û˵ʲô˾͵ɳȥˤ߰Զҿ̨󣬷Ҫ̨ˡ
ʲô
һƬ
ǺȻһȭɣ⻭̫ˣǲûӦ


414 ȭ
ǵģô򵥵һȭһսûУȫһȭͰǺǿ߸ɳȥˡ
ȻǺʱ϶ˣô⣬Ҳܱһսһȭͷɰսûжãȫжôǿ
ڳˣʹ㳡͸ͶӰʯսˣҲޱȡ
һ˭û۰ɣ
ôܣһȭ
Ǻ̫˰ɣ̫ˣҲܱһȭɰ
һƬ۷׷ס
ڵˣҲ
ԭޱȵѧԺѧԱǣȫɴ۾š
ĿⶼЩͣ𾪵ؿ̨ϵҶǳ
ѧԺ߾͸Ӳ˵ˣ껸ոն豭һڲ裬ͿҶǳһȭǺһڲˮȫˡ
Աߵ콾ǰϷҲ𾪡
Щֻϳǣ˿۾ɵúܴĿоš
ɣոơţ˿̿Լĺѡ֡չϳ˲˼顣
ô£ȻҲôŰΣ껻عЩ𾪵ؿԵļѧԱдһ˿ѯʣֲ̫˽⣬ֻѯ⼸ѧԱˡ
콾ҡҡͷȻ֪֣ҲϤϾֺǲ̫ˡ
Ƕ֪ɺǺѣԶɡ
ӭɻĿ⣬ҡҡͷЦԺҲ֪Ȼд裬ûôǿ
Ҳǰʵ͵Ժһһˡ˲µ
˵˵ͷͺܺϾкֻܶ࣬ص̫˰ɡ
Ϸ̾ǰʵˣû뵽ȻʵôǿͲ󣬽ѧԺҲãôô죿
ҲǺйذɣ˵ЩӵˣԶξѣξѣÿξѺǵǿǰ˵
ڹܲôˣ˷ܵؿųУо˷ܡ
Ȼ֡ʵЩϣûϵѧԺģǿ󣬱ֵĺãǸѧԺ⡣
ð֣һԺ䣬ѧԺһܹӮͷ껰뵽
̨ϣ˻ʺлҵλҲ̨ϵҶǳסˡ
˶սʼǿߣȻóҶǳһ˲Ƕ൱ս׾ٵػǺ
𣿡˻ʶ̨ϵҶǳ漴ֿ˿Զһ˷ܵ껣һâ
;̤磬лҵĳϵ˵ͷиһĨ͡
СЩˣҲ˶ѣԶԶȲսҵʥǡлҡҡͷɴŲм֮ɫ
˵ĳԾǺʱһ𾪵ؿҶǳš
㡭ǺվɫޱصضҶǳβųСˣû뵽ϻû뵽ôǿ󡣡
ָһ£ǺǣҶǳ΢΢Ц
Ǻߵ⣬ղҴˡ
˵գǺóԼһ˳ɫĳǹʺѪ͸ޱߵɱ۳ʵʻУҶǳɱ
ǻԭǺһֱǾУȻǰҶǳͷȴУ˿
ǹչϯ˷ս𣬿µΧ̨
ǺǹһһǣųĻβͣݺݵغҶǳ
˿͹ƣҶǳȻƮƵ̧һֻȭͷôֱӭȥ
ûжķϻǽһȭǿкһɽͻȻһ㣬ֲ
䣡
еǹâеĻ棬ȫҶǳһȭȥǿֲٴκǺ
ңһθӵңֱӰǺɳ̨
ȭҶǳȡʤ
һԵĲжĿɿڴֱҶǳѯʣŲΡΡ˵ϡѧԺʤ
ȫһƬ𾪡
˶ˡ
ʹ㳡⣬͸ͶӰʯսˣȫ𺳲ѡ
ǺǿǳĵţѧԺǿߣȴȭܡ
֡ǺηʥȻô
˵۹Ͱл۹˲⣬µ۹ˣһ⡣
Ҳʶ֣ϾѧԺҲСҲᱻѡǰμԺ䡣
˭뵽֡ô
үҪСʲôʱŻ¶ĿëٺЦ
ҵƤ㿴ôˣȫϲҶ
ڳҲֻǲ֪֡ʵݡ
ΧЩ˵𾪣Ƕǳ⡣


415 
ˣ֡
̨ϣҶǳ̨µǺ΢΢һЦź߱˱ȭ漴̨ѧԺǱߣԱ¡
ǺҶǳıӰҧһʡ
ˣҾȻ˳ûнȥʵǳ谡
ղҶǳһȭе޷ֵ
Ȼˣ찡ǺվҡҡͷЩͷɥ뿪ˡ
һζĴ̫ˡ

һ
ɡݺݡҶǳһȭȻЩ˷ܵȻôֱ̫ˡ
ǺǣҶǳҡͷЦЦɲص
һȻôǿԶϳɫޱֳ֡ʵеľʣġǱ֡ԺԺ콾һҪٿɫˣҪͽԷ
磡
Աߣϳǵ·
ףϳҧɫص˵ͷ֪õ˼ԡ֡Ǳǵ㲻£ԷҲԲܵԷԺҪ˱ᡣ
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ʱ˾ܹ콾ԼղŴӳӱʮʤߣǫ̈̄
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ʮˣΪλվ
콾ǰϷ塢ãԼҶǳվһ˶ˡ
ò˵ѧԺ̫ˣһ֡ǿߣҲЩ˵ȡʤ
ĻѧԺҲܡ˶ڡˡ
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лѧԺǱңֻȡʤ˿̾վ˾ܹһҲˣЩ
˾ܹһϳ޼ɵطųԼһսǿƣ̨Χϯ
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սãڸղһս˲ˣ˿˾ܹǿƣϾ͵ֵסˣò˳̨
Ҳ˳һˡ
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ߣ
һߣҲ˾ܹŭˣһǿͬϯ
ѧԺλϯѧԱڱƴƣɾͿˣΪҪͬʱסƵĵӣѹ͸Ӵˡ
콾ϷһƳ̨ǰҧţͷҲ˺ˮΨҶǳһɣںӡ
ٿ󣬽ʣµѧԺѧԱҲһ̨޷ټˡ
ͬ˾ܹлѧԺѧԱҲ޷ˣ˳̨
ʱǰҲֲסˣǫ̀
Ƭ̨̣ϱֻʣ˾ܹ콾ҶǳĸˣһӾͿտˡ
ΧĹڣʹ㳡ˣһȫעض̨ϵĸˣ֪ľʼˡ
Ȼսս໹̫ˡ
Ҳδأ콾Ǹ֣͵ס˾ܹ𣿡

һЩ۵
̨ϣ˾ܹűƳȥˣԵú⣬ֻڿ콾Աߵġ֡ʱһ˿ɵ
˾ܹٺЦ㿴ǻˣһһȽȥȻٷֳһʤΣ
ЦˣսҪϣҲҪԸ㡣
ˣ
콾ȴͻȻ˳һ֮ǰĵ͵ʱޱȳң̫ͬһ貶Ŀ
սΣǰսҲǲɿԽɣĶ֡콾ؿ˾ܹ漴ж˵ｻ㣬Σ
û⣡ҶǳһЦʱѾڰвս̨ˣ˵Ŀⶼ콾ʱ߶ս̨
˾ܹԴŭȳ콾ȫսӿȣݺݵײһ
ɫصؿҶǳ̾һѲĶ֣治㰡
ˣһȴǴƿ谭Ҷǳǰˡ
䣡Ҷǳ̧ƣץסȻһգʸˡ


416 
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ļǳĿ죬˵֮䣬û֣һļʸѾХ
ϧҶǳ
ҶǳûжսһǿԺɨͬսļҲ顣
Ҷǳôһֱļó𺳲ѡ
ҲµĹȻṳ̂˴˵е磬սƾǿһսĶ֡
ޱصضŻҶǳɫ΢΢Щѿû뵽ԺѲǿС
˵УҶǳԲݸһЦЩսҵʥǵУ㲻ʲôû뵽磬ȴ֮Ϊ˵С
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۷壬ˣû뵽Ȼš̨ϣлҵĳЩݣĿҲ¶һ˿͡
츳֮սһʥҲˡ
ңɳģҪӵսʥӵԴ츳ǿ
뵽лҵĳ϶˻˵֣ҴӦˣŮȷʸлңǻᰴлҵʥ
ĳллˣģһ۹ҶǳϢһʱתǡ˻ʹЦ
˻ϵЦһ̾סˡ
Ϊ̨Ϸ˾ת䡣
ľ飬ҶǳȻƮƵֱһ˹ȥЩʸȫ飬ǿ˳ˡ
ôܣ
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Բܣ

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˵ˣѧԺߣҲһĻˡ
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ɡǰϷ塢ϳǡáȫסˣ·һʶ֡Ƶġ
̨ϣҲĿɿڴؿǰҶǳϣ漴һĨЦˣ㡭̬
һ֮ŮϵĵһȻ˵Ļ
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ˣҶǳ΢΢һЦҲûм
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ҶǳƤһû뵽ﻳˣ治֪̫νŮ˵ֱöԷûм
΢΢ҡҡͷҶǳһߵս
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ǽȭ˾ܹӽڣõģһǿʥս
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콾õҶǳսǣеõʥսȭʥսȽȭҪϾǳս񴴳ģȻǷ
ңƾսǵã콾Ѿȭ˸ĵزÿһȭŭЩϯս۳Σƺˡ
˾ܹ񾡹ܱ콾һΪ˿ȴ콾·磬ѹŴˡ
ȭ𣿡
һԣҶǳڹս콾ʩչȭ΢΢һĨЦ
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˱ҶǳҪ𾪣ֹһˡ
Ǿлҵĳϣлҵʥл
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Ǵȭôܣ
лҳϺлһ˼顣
ͬսңǺҶҲһЩȻ֪ȭҶǳһʥսһܴʥս
ǰôܻ᣿
ҶҵʥսӦò¶һǱһѧˡ
Ҫ֪ЩսҶԼսпúҪûǵ˭Ǿ
ҶңΪǿսһԱ˭͵ѧǼս


417 
˵ʲôݣսǴѧģ̨ϣлҳæѯһԵ˻ʡ
˻Щɻ󣬲֪λսҵĳΪλΪһսȣʥսսҲɡ
ˣ˻ʻǴ˵콾˵ҶǳͬĸֵܣֻҶǳѳּң˵ֵܸ鲻ͣǰִһսҲ˲ҴģΪڽѧԺǰѾѧսˡ
˻֪֮ôϸҪΪ콾ѧԺԺΪʦľȣӶ˽д̽
Ϊв鵽콾Ҷǳĸӹϵٴϸ̽һ顣
콾ΪʲôҶǳͣһȴûв²콾ĸйϵ
ϾǺ裬кܶ࣬Ҳûмˡ
Ҵлҳɫ΢΢һ䡣
ҶǳͬĸֵܣһԵлʱҲ˹ȣû뵽˾ȻǣҶǳ
˻ʵ˵ͷ˵ǲ鵽ı˳㽫콾ҶǳԵľ˵һߣȻִıȽϹ飬ҶǳŰȵȡ
ҴȻǼҴлҳϵɫ˻ʣʵǼҵ֣Ҷҵ˼ǣǼϣûиĹ
ǰ콾֣ΪҶǳҶˣлҲʵغսҶңȻҲҴ⡣
ҪҶǳҶҵˣôлҾЩˣҶңҶңǿɲҡ
ǣǺҶǳѾˡ
˻ʲ֪ЩȻЩɻ󣬵ʵʵػشǼ֣Ҷǳѳּ֮󣬲ŸҶġǼǲһֱ֣Ҳұ֤ΪǼһǧʷˣûв鵽Ҷġ
лҳϺлԣ΢΢˿ǲҴ⡣
˶һۣȻд
ϣҲҶҵһ𣿡лʵ
лҳϵ˵ͷҲ֪ȭҶǳһ۷ʥսսǳսġʣսҶȥ
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ӣʵҲв٣ϾЩսҵӵҲˣˡеŮҲܲסԼˣǶǳ㣬ͺˡеһЩŮͷһЩԽꡯ顣
Ȼ󲿷սҵӵܶºģֻⶫһ򣬾һ
ԣսҵ˽
ΪˣһЩսҶ¹أֻҪЩĺ˴ﵽս𣬾ܻع鱾ҡ
лҳҡҡͷ˵ȻսҲƽϼӵѪûеõһɲʥϵս
ô˵ǣҶңҪҪ֪ͨҶңлʵȻΪսҵĽҶʱͲҪͷ
һҶҳһӣν졣
ҶǳɱлôˣѾˣʱҪ֪ͨҶңҲڣлҳЩԥ
лüϣ֪ͨҶңһԺǷ֣Ǿͱˡ
ʲôֲ֪ҶǳҶҵˣ콾Ǻû𣬶ҶǳҲǵжԵģν˵ĵ˾ѣȫԽԸҶǳлҳЦ
лȻ򣬲ɵɭЦǳˣԺ֮ҾҸȥӽ콾
֮ҶǳһҪģҶҵҪҶҵˣǾ͸Ҫһº󻼡лҳն˵һƬ⣬Աߵ˻ʶǼɵѡ
˻ܹܵǴĲֻװû֣Ŀһֱų̨ϵս
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зǳ˷ܣˣѧԺһԺ϶ڡ
ԶлѧԺѧԺǱߣһԵúį
˾ܹͱ콾ش˿̸ûȥ
˻վ׼ѧԺȡʤ
Ȼһ˻ʵ
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418 һ
콾˾ܹ˻վ׼ʱҶǳϴӡսĽǶתֱӳ˻ʽĻ
ϾҶǳμԺ䣬ɲǰѧԺʤġ
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λлҳϸû˵ƺᣬлҳϵ
ֱԱ½ǣָָµ̨˻ŷӦ̨Ͽȥ漴ɫһ
˵Ҷǳˡ
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ǰȻҶǳǿƻ˹עǽ˵Ŀͱ콾˾ܹսˣڶҶǳ
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зǳɻΪǿ˶ѧԺˣ˭ʤ˭ʲôֱ𣿽һ
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ⲻ콾üͷЩɻسҶǳ˹
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ԣ˻ʵһţóо֮ٴο˵ˣĿЩؿ̨ϵҶǳ΢䣺ȻҪ콾ֳʤҲգʾ͸֤
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ȭô˾ܹĽȭ콾漴ɡ
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콾ò죬æӭȥ
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ǵûΪ־ҶǳΪԼġǲΪҶǳܹԼǰݡοһȺѧԺˣǶûл֣ɼֵʵݲûʡ
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ȻˣҶǳʵҲǿĿ£콾һȭסÿһζѪ
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ȻѧԺӮԺ䣬֣Ȼܲġ
ȻʵǳпᣬĴȭ˾ܹĽȭȴҶǳһȭ飬һ˿赲ĿܶûС
䣡콾һκݺݵˤڵϣڿѪǳǱ
սˣȫĬˡ
ٰ׳յˣҲˣ˵Ĳ̫ˡ
£껶ɻˣ⡮֡صʵҲ̫˰ɣ
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ͫһɫ䣬۾Ҷǳҧһһ˵Ҷǣ
زϲҶǳˣΪսܡ


419 һץ
Ҷǣ
콾ڵϣ۾ҶǳĿ𾪡šŭԹʵɫ
ôҲû뵽ԷȻҶǳ
Ժ棬лǿߵǰҶǳȻһμԺ䣬һѵ
䣡
ûм콾˼ĻᣬҶǳ˻֣սѾʧȥս콾̨
ѧԺǱߣáϳæ콾סҷ˻ȥ
Ҷǳ΢΢죬콾ıӰЩ֣һȻûеڽ¶ʵݡ
ҶǳѾںˡ
̨ϣ˻ʼ˾ܹ콾ҲҶǳɻܣиˣҲ֪Ŀֲ΢΢֮󣬾Ϳ˵һԺڵǡѧԺ
Ӯˣ

ѧԺӮˡ
˻ʵĻ䣬ѧԺǱߵѧԱ㶼
ȻΪһ콾ˣûϵ֡ҲѧԺģȻҲѧԺ
ϧûǸ˶ą̃ϵҶǳ˺ԼϵƤߣԼʵչǰ
ͬʱҶǳҲָԭ
ѧԺ˶ڻҲھ̾һ̣ȫƱס˲ӣŴͣɴ۾˼ض̨ϵҶǳҲһ
һ˭
Ҷǳ
ôܣ
Ⲣ˶ʶҶǳûϵ˴ͷľУҶǳֱ㴫鿪һƬ𾪡
˻ʣ˵ˣҿɲѧԺѧԱѧԺѧԱһԺ䣬ѧԺڡ
̨ϣҶǳ΢Цſ̨ϵ˻ʣں𾪵ĿУóһ˴ѧԺĴ죬ݺݵز̨ϡ
䣡
˲棬趯
ѧԺĸ֣һ̣йս˶
ǳѧ
ѧԺģ

ȺУҲѧԺѧԱǿһĻɫǳгܡ
෴ѧԺˣ±ˡ
۾ɵϴ󣬸ղŻ˷ܵ˿̳Цˡ
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лѧԺǱߣ˾ܹոһҶǳΧ˵Ļʱֱˡ
ѧԺǱߣ̨ϵҶǳʷ
ԭҶǳѹ֡˿̻Ȼ򣬶ѧԺҶǳҲ׹ڴҶǳһսֻû뵽֮ĲѾˡ
ҶǳԱߣԭܴЩįǺ˿ȴݺ˿
һܴ֮ʤҶǳôͲˡ
ΪҶǳͱǿŽˡ

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û뵽һֱҪҵˣȻǵƤ¡
ڣ˻ʴ˿̶˵ˣô㶵ؿ̨ϵҶǳ
áлҳϺлӦĺܿ죬֪Ҷǳս̨ȥ
˻һҲϣϾҶǳӵս̨飬Ѿ½ˡ
Ǻǣڲŷ֣̫˰ɣ̨ϣҶǳЦţƾǷԶ
Ϊս̨Ѿ߶һɫĹ𣬽ʹ㳡ڡ
лҳϡл˻ʣЩ׼뿪ˣȫǽɫĹĻ˻һΪҲѹս磬ж޷УֱˤڵϣǳǱ
ͬʱؾ𶯣һ޴Ľɫ̨֣Ƴ߿ա
ս̨
˿̣˶еս̨ϱ鲻һ
һз̫ˣҶǳ¶Ŀʱս̨лҳϺлҲһ˲顣
ȵ˷ӦʱǶѾս̨ϡ
ս̨Ĺѹƺǿֵʱ˵ΪڱѸѹơ
ЩսսʣȫѹƵս磬һڼ䡣
Ҷǳʮս˿ΪҲڵ䣬ҵĺܿ졣
ΪڳУΪ͵һ˱Ҫ͡
˾ҵһλСȻӵлҵԴΪ츳⣬ʱһսΪڳΪ͵һ
ԣ˵ΪҲѹһս硣
Ǻǣ
Ϊ䵽һս磬Ҷǳû˿ǣ෴ǳ˷ܣǿԶˤлҳϺлӺˡ
Ҷǳʲô۹Ǻԩ޳𡣡˻վȻЩǱվһλ˻ʣŨ
ԩ޳𣿡Ҷǳ˻ʣ¶ЦǺǣ˸㣬걻Ľħǰҵһλʦ𣬽Ҿ˳ѩˡ
㡭˻ɫʱ䡣


420 
ҶǳĻ˻ʵɫʱ
ħԶҲˡ
ӣ˻ʲã緢ʱ
ǣҲڴʱħս
ʱħѾڴ½Զ˻ʾûܴ˸ֳܹԼǿԾͺԥӦսˡ
ǽĺܲң㱻ħɱ
Ҫ֪ʱѾսˣħŽǾս硣
ֳ裬һ˻ܹܣ
ǣ˻ʵһʧ̬ˣ´ǵȰ裬ŭؽħļ˲ɱյ½ħ߻ħʵܡ
ε飬Ҳɨء
˻ʣñɵֶεʦ߻ħӶս̨ͬһսΪıǸʦϴˢ裬ѩޡģˣ£ԼֻҪԼҲǶֵġ
ҶǳЦţ˻ȥ
˻ɫضҶǳҶǳ㲻Ҫ̫ţȻ츳ôˣͬһ磬ʲܹһ򡣡
𣿡ҶǳЦţֱʩչժ֣Ⱥеһץ˹
ſң㡭ſҡСУ־ؿҶǳŵɫ԰ס
ҶǳתͷЦϳǣ෬ңҲһ˽ɣ
ס֣Զɫ䣬ֵؽе
ȻѾˣҶǳֱӷժ֣ϳǵĲӡ
Ȼͬһս磬ϳǰͬһֻһһ
ÿԼԼǰʱˣһسҶǳ콾ס
콾Ϊˣ˿̸ûһ˿ս
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Ҷǳ˵ֻҪǲԼҲǡ
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䡭ҶҶ֣ʱһԱߴɡ
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Զ˻Ѿлҳϣлһͬʱ۹һЩԼѧԺлѧԺˡ
Ȼ˶ڣڿҶǳʱ¶šǵ̬
죬ֻɱˣлҵ˻һҹȥ
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Щ۹ʿǡǣȫˣսֻ̨棬ȥֻؿ̨顣
ס֣
ͻȻһĺ
һ˲䣬ǶһƬ޴ѹ֮£˶о
Ҷǳ΢΢תͷգһӰԶٷһӾͳս̨⡣
ѧԺԺ𣿡ҶǳЦȻʶѧԺԺǣܹӵսʼΪҲ˻ʺѧԺԺ˻ǰô˿϶ѧԺԺˡ
ȻѧԺԺȵҶǳѧԺԺϽս̨ҿԱ㰲ȫ뿪۹ֻҪס˵أ뿪лҵǿ߿϶ϸ
ôĿ㻹ȵԼɡҶǳԣЦ
ͬʱһҵĹâȺУлΪһֻ޴ķݣɢޱߵĻ棬ǿϢǵһϯѧԺԺȥ
һսʣҲڱүǰë˿̵Ϊˣƿֲƥ
µķ˲ϯȥϿնڣֲ¶ѧԺԺɫ䡣
𣡡ѧԺһ˿ɵ֮ɫæսΰסԼһսٶ̫ˡ
ү򽣹ڣë˴ֻ򣬻Ϊ޽иգ죬ƺƺƵس
ѧԺһУͱɳȥȻûˣҲԵúǱ
ս̨ϣ˻ʿһĻɫ˼㣬û뵽ҶǳȻһսʼİ֡
лҳҲЩסˣæк˻֯ȥҶǳ


421 ɱ
֣˹Ҷǳлҳϴ
˻üͷһ壺ϣЩѧԱЩɲҶǳĶ֡
֪ҶǳʵȵʵʱһΧ졣лҳϼ
˻ȴɫΪҪȥ
ЩҲͰˣһ˻ʻںؼﻹкܶѧԺѧԱʦŮЩôȥ
뵽˻ֱӾܾˣɳȥҶǳ
Щʹ㳡ģһֽˣǵʵҲǿսϡڣȫѹһս硣
ЩǾˣֻ֪˻ʵǶسɱս󣬷ӳȫơ
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˻ʵʱѾܲôˣѧԺԺڣ˻ˣ۹۹ܱѧԺľӢҪá
Ͼս̨ϵѧԺѧԱȫǾӢţǲ۹δ

ѧԺԺЩѧԺѧԱʦǣȫ˿׷׳ս̨ȥ
˻ɫȴûпڣǵ˶ڿţѧԺô˻ͳ׶ˡ
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ϼһмսʰɡҶǳŶлҳϣ˻ʺлһҲ
мսʣǱѹΪһս磬Ҳӵǿƥ̤߽ĳš
ңмսʣѾˣΪȻѹסˣǵȻǿޱȡ
СӣлΪУʦ𽣻һͷ·һлҳ˵һȭݺݵغҶǳǿչ䱬˿Ƶ
ͬʱлҳϺ˻һ߶Ҷǳѹƹ
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ʱҶǳѾ޽ӽ˽ǿϢս̨ϵ˶еѹ֡
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ԶѧԺѧԱʦǣȫһ𺳡


422 ǿ
Ҷǳ֪лҳҪʱ䣬ȵлǿ߸󣬵һʱչǿͬһ͵عлҳϡл˻ˡ
˻ʺлѵصסҶǳѪǺҶǳ̫ˡ
ֻлҳϣӵǿʱصסҶǳĹҲʱԵס
⣬˿һĻˣȫҶǳĿֲսˡ
սʣһսҵʥӣȻͬ类Ҷǳú޻֮
츳δֲ̫˰ɡ
Ǻ콾ѧԺѧԱǣһȫĬˡ
ҶǳһΡɽ壬ǰǸе˾޴ѹЩˡ
ͬţǺҶǳĲ࣬ȴľ޴
ѹ¥ҶǳеȥԭΪҶǳͲһˡ
ѧԺѧԱǰ¥ҶǳŵȥЩɣǴ˿̣Ҳˡ
ҶǳԼʵ֤ĸ֡鴫
̫ǿˣҲṳ̂ս磬ʵȻǿ󡣡ս̨Ե۾ǰǵӰʷ
ѧԺѧԱǣҲؿųǸӰǲͣҶǳǰȴԵȻʧɫ
Ҷǳǿ츳˿̣˸ɡ
ս֮һ˭ҶǳǰƵһ˸̾
Ҷǳ̫ˣ˵Ľʣа˰ǰԲǶǳսңȴսҵʥǶȻʧɫԱ˵ͷ̾
սˣ˿̶̾ѡ
Ҷǳսǵ
ս̨ϣ˻Ϊһ˻ʣս½պĴȴҶǳòϵѪɡ
ллҵʥӣͶ֮䣬ɢһȵϢˣ˿ȴҶǳġˡĳûƢˡ
лҵλϣһսʣݴ½ǿĴڣ˿ȻҶǳѹסˡ
Ҷǳ׽ս۷״̬ʩչƣԼԼǿĹ
ڣƽ֮Ŷڷ⣬ɽ緢һֲϵӿƺƵӿȥ
۷״̬Ҷǳ̲סХһȭлҵĳϣƿɱлɱӿȵӵҿ˭ܾȵ㡣
ɫӡգһɿֲѹƵϢ
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Զлҵĳ϶ʱˣһ߳һߴס֣Ҷǳлҽ𣿡
ѾˣҶǳͷҲص˵һֻɫӡѹҵĹâлûµϯս̨
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⻹û꣬һĽ˸лĲӣһѪܵԴͽһƬѪ
лˡ
۾ɵúܴƺԼĻսҵʥӰ
лҵĳϷµϢϺƵƷڵĺˮһϯ硣
ս̨ڲʵ򲻶ϵѹҶǳ
Ҷǳˣлɲһʥӣлҵĵϵĸһλ߼սʣүүһλսˣ˭ҲȲ㡣
лҵĳϿл׷ˣһعҶǳԼķȫںҶǳ
ΪлǰȴȲˣʱлĸ׺үү׷ҲӲ˹ϵ
ԣҪɱҶǳ󻯵ؼԼĳͷ
ս̨ǿսʣ˿һΪҲѹһս磬ƾ޷Ҷǳ˵ǻɱҶǳ
ٶȱҶǳɳȥ
˻ʣֵˡҶǳһνĿ˻ʣλ˻лѾʼֲסˣ˿ԵúǱ
ҶǳĻ󣬺ëˣΪоϢϢ֮ǿң

˻ʷʵŭ
ǣӭ貵ĽɫӡǿֲˣҶǳٿ򽣾潣
˵˻ȫ£ϰٰ潣ѪȾ̨
ȻҶǳΪ˼콣ħǰڵ򽣾ѩޡ


423 ȫ
ħǰѾ㱨ѩޣ֮԰Ϣˡɱ˻֮Ҷǳ˻֣һٰ潣ָŹǽʣµлҳϡ
лҳϴ˿Ѿ侲ˣҶǳǰǿƻɱл˻ʣѾ֪⿿ԼһǸ޷ɱҶǳģֻѡʱ䡣
ڽս̨ǰѾϢлˣлҵǿѾڸ·ˣֻҪҶǳʱҶǳɡ
֮˵ս̨⣬Ƕл˵⣬ֻҪлҵǿ߲̤ս̨潫ս̨нȻǵлҵڣлҵ֮ƿս̨ʱҶǳڡ
Ͼս̨ȻվֻսŪĶ޷
ҶǳҲڵлǿ߸һֱȫǿƻɱл˻ʶˣȫԸлҳһˣ׼ˡ
⣬ѾһƬ
һ˻ʵ䣬һսʥӵ䣬ǰˡ
ЩΧս̨Ĵ󳼡ӡǿǣȫˣΪǵ˻ʾǵǰ
һЩĵˣ㲻ֱӳս̨ڣҶǳɱȥ
ЩҲֹϾǸֹ˻ʱǿ϶Ҫǿ߼Ǻϡ
Щǻָžӽս̨׼˺սҲҪҶǳ
ɱΪ˻ʱ𣡡
۹Բ衣
ҶǳһҪ
ҵүǣҲڸߺָŻǿɱս̨
һһĽ룬ս̨ˣĿȥѹѹһƬ˶Ҷǳˡ
Ҷǳһٶ潣ȴǷǳĿڰмٴոһʿǵ
ߣ֪
ҶǳƳһȺ۹ʿȻͣϢɱлҳϡָһٰ潣ԼΧЩʿ޷
ģȫһٰ潣նɱûмܹסһ潣
е潣һʮʿһƬ貵Ѫ
ʬ岻ϵضѻѪϵս̨졣
عƣս̨ʬ壬ͻˡ
ɱЩʿҲˣҲǰˣȫ˵ս̨ıԵ
ʱлҵĳҲ֧ŲסˣҶǳץסᣬһƺ˰ӣƶߵķһݺݵˤڵϡ
ʱ˭֪λлҳˣû˿Ծˡ
ʵϣȷˣҶǳ̫յսľյƤڣճ˻ҽ
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Сӣˡ
УëҶǳڽ˶֣ɵùЦ
Ҷǳս̨վһѶѵʬ棬̧ͷաǸëսѧԺԺ˿Ѿ˵Զټëҽӽ
ҶǳɨһѧԺˣǾηĿУһԾëıϡ
ͬʱҶǳս̨ѧԺˣһѶʬ壬ȾѪս̨ëһͬʧС
ѧԺԺһֱԶţֱҶǳǵӰŻ˹ڻʹ㳡ϡ
ǰĿĵһѶʬ壬˻ʵʬ壬żճɻҵлҳϺͷʬл
ѧԺԺ̾ս½Ҳƽˡ
лҳϺлԻлұŭս½Ҫлҵŭ²ˡ
෴˻ʵȴԵˡ
ûʸ񱨳ҲûֻڴлҵǿȥɱҶǳˡ
ѧԺԺʰһ飬Ȼͻҵǿߣʼ˻ʺҷֲµ˻ʵǻ
۹ͬ˻ȻˣѧԺԺڣս۹ܻӲ۹һ
µ˻ʺܿ͵ǻˣǲǰ콾¥۹̫ӣǻϰ˵ʿǣ޸ʹʹ㳡ҷ׷ɱҶǳͨ
˶֪۹Ҳǡ˵桯ѣǸȥ׷ɱҶǳ
ȻҲҲҶǳˡ
ʱҶǳǺХԨԱ߻ϣȻһһٴηХԨ硣
ְź𣿡Ҷǳëıʵ
ͷˣѾѧԺ˻عˣҲĽȭˡʥսСԺǰ;øˡëצӦ
ڶαëץţҲѾϰˣٴСС
ȻЩˬ


424 
ֵݣΣҶǳҲЩⲻȥټ˶ǳµ۹ֵΪҲҶǳͽȭڸˡ
ˣҶǳǰʱɵˡľҲϣλĶ֣ܹڽɳ
µ۹
һ죬һȥġ
վëıϣҶǳĿµ۹ķ򣬰뵽
촺׷ɱµ۹Ǳӵ۹Ѿ޾ˡ
ˣġҶǳЦ
ʱ֮һѾźԳһʥɽȥһ·ֱӴïܵԭʼɭ֡
ףЩԾëȻֹסӣؿǰнⱬ
ôҶǳʵΪëѾˡ
ëڣΧĵ淭ʯըѿһֻֻ԰׵İ׹צͻƵƾ˳ץҶǳǡ
ŵ۾ӶɳˣæܵҶǳ󣬵Σ˷ֻҪۿõĵطȫа׹ǹִӵص˳
ţһֻֻӴİ׹ޣһЩΰ׹ǣһЩûиõʬ壬ȫӵ˳ɱҶǳǡ
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ҶǳЩʬӦѾʧȥޣһЩ˵أˡ֮ԻΪ
Ϊ
ëߵʱѾջۣתͷҶǳ˵ֹʬ帴ˣɭֵʬȫˣôģʩչһսֻһ˿õ
Ҷǳ𾪵˵ò϶ͷɣ
˭˭𣿡ɻ
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ë񷣬ѹѹһƬһӰȴܵһϤϢ
һϢүԶˡ
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ѵ˺Գһĵ𣿿ǵĲµûǵĵ˾ǵһԳ֡ë˵
Ҷǳɫʱһ䣺ˣô˵ڹԳһˡ
СӣˣȵԼɣпսڣκβ˺ԳһġңڸûдǱ˴˵սս𼶱սʹˡëٺЦ
ǻǸϽȥɣҶǳ˵ţٿһٰ潣Хȥܵʬһһ顣
СӣԸЩһЧˡë״ЦҪĴų򣬳ҵķ˲ð˳Χʬȫˡ
ι˵ĵǵɽӳǸһ𣿡ڷӦˣ뵽˵һҶǳһðմɽĹصľ
Ҷǳ˵ͷɫص㲻ҪܣԺЩٿصʬ壬ϽԶ㡣
׳ղŻЩҲػشΧ飬ʬ壬ЩͷƤ顣
˿̣ҶǳҲѧëų̫𣬲丳һٰ潣棬ǿ潣Ĺ
Щʬʬ嶼Ѿ͸ˣȻʣսܣʵȴ½ңΪƣ޷Ҷǳв
Ҷǳ֪ĵǵˣЩʩչ֡ڻҡѡ
̫ˡҶǳë棬Ҫ֣Եúɡ
ëܾ裬һ·ϲʱؿۣ̽Χ
ֵǣʬ֮⣬Χûеˡ
ЩһӦöڹԳһ壬Ƚӽʥɽʱ򣬾ǵ͵㣬ˡë˵
Ȼ޵ҧгݣҲ֪ԼԶĶ֣ûг׻ָǰΪ֮ǰ뱻֪ûϢ
ףҶǳ˵ͷǰ
һ·ϣǿʬ壬кܶǰսʼޣֻʣʬǣʵ½ĺսֱƣҶǳɾͻɱˡ
Ȼö𣬷Ļôʬ壬Ҷǳ޾壬ɱҲҪɱˡ
ٸ·˴죬ʥɽѾԶԶҶǳëһۣʼ
ëҶǳСˣүӦڸģһսǵСһֻҪų𣬵͵㣬ǲעġ
ã
Ҷǳɫأ˵ͷ
ȻӦĴڣȴһѹͷϿմʲôֲĶڡ
ƺҲӦʲôһ·϶˵ˣֻǽҶǳ档
Զʥɽ޺ʬΧɱϡ߿УһɫӰ͸ɢаϢ


425 ʬʬ
峤Ҳμսɣ
Գһϳſսе
˿̣Գһг˶ѾȥˣϳΧնɱЩǵصʬ
԰Ǻ
ֻСսš
Ψһһˣսǿߣȥӭս
ÿͺż
ô죬ڻǵȲˡսߴڵϣһ˫۾տȥ
Ǻѹѹƣ޷赲ߡ
ãͷǰĿ̾ͣһˣʲôһûδˡżֵʱڡ
ս˵ţָǰĲпɱ¾ϵ˵ڣϸţųսģѧϰǵսͼɡ
ǡǣͽҧͷܲģȴΥ峤
ͼǺ۾ս˫ȭյýģܲģʵǿܰˡ
ͬʱս̧ͷգǿʶֱӴ͸ƣ𣺡һͶӰˣʲô磿бֱӱͷȻʹˣҲһս
һЦϼһ˾ŰٶˣûҪ㻹ּܼ꣬ٺ٣ˣǺԳһͶǵһԱˡ
սѵҲҪͷһս𣿡սŭغ
ߣڴ˵Խҳȥͺһսߵ
Ǻǣҽֺγǽ˵ΪͷҲ֪㵽ռһЩǿߵʬ壬ǵȡЩսҲ٣㻹ܻ𣿡ս
ЩܹãǵҡЩսңߺߣȵǺԳһ壬ҲҪ˼ˡɭЦ
սɫһ䣺ʲô˼ǺԳһͶǵѵܿսң֣Ҳ֮±ѡ
ԷشЦֻɫԽԽ䣬һ԰ףɭޱȣںŪΪǺԳһ壿Ϊ˴սǼҲỨôһ˼Ը㡣
㡭˵ʲôսһɫ䣬͵شûдսôܰǽʥбֱӽȥȡұ֤㡣
Ūˣûȷ֤ݣΪԹߣȻһʥѣ𻹲Ҳ֪ǺԳһʲôˣǱأ̶սأǿߵĴУһ忴ءﻹһ鱦ذɭЦ

ͿսͨʶǵĻ޷֪
ʱҶǳѾȻԳһϳһʯ棬ԶԶǰļս
ԳһǿǣһȺͨɫнɫĹڼսš
֮ԳǹΪеͨɫеͨɫеΣе״ǳͿ¡
ֲǣЩɫͽɫǵʵǳǿЩɫҶǳӣƶǸ߼սϵǿߣȴûпսʾ硣
ЩɫĹʣȫһɫսʼǿߡ
СӣǵĽʬʬǵʵǳ£սʼʬƶɡƳɹǽʬǳǿ󣬹ɾ磬СǿˡʧܵʬʧˣҲǿ壬С࣬ʵս֮жǶġë
ҶǳԵһʬδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣʵԸһʬ¶ޱȡ
ڷȥǰһǧʬʮʬжǿ
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磬ʬ壬ж٣и𣿡Ҷǳ̲סʵ
үô֪ǾԺܶ࣬Ϊǻ쵰Ҳ֪˶ǿߵķĹսҶˣԲǵЩս׷ɱУһﻹʮɽǿʬ塣
ë˵عƣһƳĽʬʬ˵ϰ򣬵Ǽʮеġ
жǿսҲȲϰɣһˡ
ҶǳҲסˡ
ëȴǲмʬʬȻҲֻǶͨԵģǿ˵ЩһȺѡñү˵һѻȥЩһж٣ֵһᡣ
ЩսҾ͸ӿˣֱӴ߶ɱһƬǻ쵰ðͷ
ҶǳĮȻë۷սʵǿһͿȻЩʬʬ


426 ֱʬ
ЩʬʬҶǳ˵Ƿǳµģһ·ұܣǣźԳһϳӽ
ԶҶǳ˲ǿʬ壬ȻʧȥǰȻӴޱȣһɽ㣬Χʥɽ¹źԳһϳ
޷ˣҶǳкСĵ㣬Ȼʹͷȥ
𣡡һͷӴʬ˹ȻѾûһѪˣɼӲޱȣ׳֫ڵϣһĺ
ΪûѪ⣬Ѿͷǰģ޴߽ӽʮףǳ𺳡
ţ̧һֻǰצͳҶǳ
ǾԵı
ʵϣЩʬ֮ʵǰʧȥǰǻ֮⣬Ҳʧȥ˶սãֻܿűܣ壬ùļӲǿ
Ҷǳһ·ɱ˲ʬ壬õ˲پ飬Ҳ£ֱӷԾ𣬶Էľצóڽݺݵֻ޵Ĳӡ
ӴԶĵطʬ壬ǿԴʵۼ֮𡮻ģһԴ䣬ôҲٴˡ
Ļ㿳֫Ҳҧ㡣
䣡
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𣡡
ԶԳһϳͺͿսҲ˵سҶǳɵһ͸˷ܵĴˡ
Ľͣǲս𾪡
Ȼ֪ҶǳսͻսܵĿͣǴ˿ҶǳʵЩ𺳡
ϾҶǳһս츳Ҳ̫˰ɡ
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߿УվһЩӰԵǿߣҲͻȻֵҶǳЩ;ȡ
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ʵϣԳһռսʼ޹ǿɲֹô࣬Ͼ꣬϶Ӵ󰡡
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Ҷǳڽ֮ǰѾˣϾǴ˵߲㡣Ȼһ㶼ûдȥǽԣȴܹ֣ÿһڡġ֮ľǲһġ
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ҶǳʼһһؿһУǰЩŮջҲӿʼĻšţ𽥵
ػţ֮󣬶ǺáȻ䣬ҶǳЩһЩٿЩŮûκθоˡ
´ʱЩŮʼǰϵıɴسǰ۾գһ£ɫ
ڣЩŮƺо޷ջҶǳ¶һЩԹĿ⣬Ȼ䵭ɢ
Ȼһ㿼ɹˣҶǳˡġ֮ĵڶ㡣
֪οʲôҶǳа뵽
ãΧĻٶȷ˱仯һθıӣҶǳ۾һǳϤӡ
Ӳ˵Сǳļ©ȴôҲӡ
ΪԽս½һ۾龰
ʱּңһ֮ˡ
ԶСһҩΧǴ̱ǵҩζ
ҶǳڴϣȻûˣֻؿСҸιҩȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ʲô飿
Ҷǳг˼ţȻǾ;Űɡ
ʱӵķͻȻһ߿ڸҶǳιҩԵСҶһɵæ̧ͷȥ
˶ˣ˷ʳҽСϳȥι콾ĸӢ˽Ǽ̱Ļӡ
ǣˣ
ץڴϵҶǳͳȥ
үүҪСҿ޺ţһĴȣҶǳ
һžͽС߿СҿѪ
ӢۿСңɭЦСӵмɫԺȥּЩӡ
ûãһ͹Сǿˡ
ӢΪҪҶǳҶǳ棬ü׳ּСҡ
Ҷǳҧ۾ڷ죬Ȼ֪һжǼٵģȴЩ̲סԼŭ
ңûԽСҵ³ͻþһ޶ˣҡ
Ӣ
Ҷǳɱ
񶾵ŮˣԶҲǡ
ʱˣڵңѾ˱ʵҶǳ뵽ں޲ϻصȥѩޡ
ֻǣҪͨ𿼺˵
ҶǳĬĬؿţתĹֵþĥ
ڶͨ
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ǰ㣬ÿһ㶼һþջģĥģȫǹҶǳ飬Ҫ顣
Ҷǳ޶ĹȻᣬȴѾľﵽһܸߵĵزԱҧ֧ˡ
˵߲㣬Ҷǳͽ࣬Ϊ˵߲Ļþͬʵ磬׳С
ǰڲ֪гУˡ
ԣҶǳ⡣


443 ֹˮ
ġ߲֮㣬ҶǳصĿУ߲ĿҲ١
Χı仯ܵǽʧԽԽԶΧƯһơǴС
ҶǳԽԽߣоԼڵսҲǲϵӣӵһĵز·Ͷ֮䣬ܴݻһɽһŶһ½
ңҶǳоΧһо֮У·ضģ¿ܻ쫷磬ӻֶХ
һ޵е
Ǿ޴ջ󰡣
Ҷǳվڸ߿УԼ˫֣ĿЩȣܿͻָ侲
ǵģǿ޿ƥеⱲ׷󣬵Ҳ֪һжǡġ֮ڵĻþһжǼٵġ
ԣܷǳҶǳ侲ˡ
𣿡Ҷǳգ΢΢¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ȼջܴ󣬵ֻҪ֪ǼٵģǾͶûá
ŵ߲ĿԲֹˡ
ȻڴʱһϤ˹
Сӣڷʲô׼ڶٰСӾȻʱС㰡
޴Ӱգɫޱߵ棬һֻ½ԶʷǿֲƣƺƵⷽض𶯡
磿ҲûӦȫʢʱڵӰɣҶǳ̧ͷȤŲԶľ޴ˣȻ֪һжǼٵģȴҲ͵ëȫʢʱڵķɡ
ûү׼ɽ٣ɲڿЦëҶǳŭ
ڴʱ߿ҲëĻϾͷƱãƸǣѸٰһɿµѹŽƵĽٶ
ͬʱһµ磬ڷ˺һռ䣬Ҷǳ
ٿʼˡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷԼ׵磬ظӦеĿֲ·ֻҪԼֵܺɱԼ
Ȼ˵̫ʵˡҶǳв̾
Ҷǳ˿ϸӦԼľ磬ȫǴﵽɲľ磬ָоǳʵ֪Լڴġ֮»ΪԼҪˡ
þվֻǻþֻҪԼΪǻþǰôʵ޷Ӱ챾ġ
Ҷǳ۾ƾе׺еǳʹҲûеֵ
ҷʧռ䡣
ȵٴ۾ʱѾġ֮ĵڰ˲ˡ
ȻʵҲǺѰҶǳɨһ۵ڰ˲Ŀռ䣬ŷŵľһ˿Ի
ûиҶǳ˼ʱ䣬ڰ˲ĿͿʼˡ
ͬһǳʵĻþҪҶǳУΪ֪ǻþǲϵԼմ˹ȥ
ˡġ֮ĵھŲ㣬Ҷǳ־ϲԼȻ˵ھŲ㣬ϲһ㣬ôõ𴫳еĻһЩˡ
Ƭ̺󣬵ھŲĿҲˣ֮ǰʵĻýҶǳʼ١
һθӵʵҶǳˣֻĵһԼǼѵش˹ȥ
ھŲͨ
Ҷǳ˷ܣڡġ֮ſڡ
Զ롢пսӭѯҶǳɼΡ
ͨ˵ھŲ㣡ҶǳȻһǫ飬˿Ҳ̲ס˷ܵ˵Ϊ֮ǰֻаͨء⡯֮û뵽Ȱġ֮ͨˡ
ĻͨҲͨ˵߲㣬ͨһô𴫳оˡ
ҶСѣǽȴĴ˰Ҳ˽и񡣡սԣЩϲظ̾
峤ˣһҪͨءҶǳǫֻβסظˡ
һԵеС⡯֮֮͡Ͻȥ
ͿսҲͷ͡
ãҶǳûн飬ˣֱӳš⡯֮ȥ
ȻڴʱһдŽӲԶ
峤ˣȺһֹˡǿѪǸߴӰںԳһڿսڳҲʶ
Ҷǳʱͣ½ŲͿսһӭȥ
ܹÿѪôţǿ϶Ǵ顣
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ҶǳüһԵ룬һ˿ɻ󣺡֣¥ˣôһ㶼
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Ҷ֣˵ʲôأɻؿҶǳ
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Ҷǳûǣֱӳ嵽ġ֮ǰʩչժ֣ǰı
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ϵ飬ЩĪҶǳӻԼǷ񻹼ڡġ֮Ļþ֮С
Ȼ¶ˣǻþ
ֻһ̫ʵˣҶǳУЩ£оð亹
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֮ǰһĻĻϵԺи֣ټ٣ټ棬ҶǳľȻõһߵĲΡ
ʱҶǳڵĽľɮһĹбľĹȻںϵתš
ʱ˿̣ҶǳоԼޱȵ·ž޲죬綼ƺ
ֹˮ
ĪģҶǳиĸ֣ɫʱһϲ


444 ֲþ
ֹˮľĵһΡ
Ҷǳڴﵽ磬ܽϲ
Ҫ֪ëĿǰҲֻǴڡֹˮľһζѡ
˵ս½ЩսʣսսǴ󲿷Ҳľһֹˮ硣
ľڶ㡮ʯǾͺ˴õˣרŵĹϣټһЩԵп̤硣
Ŀǰս½ǿɮһһЩõɮܹ̤롮ʯģҲָ
ľĵΡɽս½ʷϣҲֻпɮһﵽˣһЩս񣬶ûдﵽ硣
ɴ˿ɼľжôľĵһΣסš
Ҷǳܹʮͷʱﵽ磬ս½ʷϣڵһˡ
ľͬʵ츳ٸߣҲܶʱ͡
̤Ž޵ţҪʮ޺͸ܴﵽֹˮľ磬ڡʯǾңңˡ
Ҷǳ֮ô̤롮ֹˮľ磬ⶼҪõĹ
ǱľǽľĵĶ⹦ɮһĹǿ𴴳ģ͸ˡ
ټϴӡ͵ѧĻҲĺ귽ж֮
ĹټҶǳΪ˵ڡġ֮ɱ䡣
û뵽ҵľȻﵽֹˮľ磬μûеõĴУҲһˡ
ҶǳһЦݡ
ľȻʵôԸࡣ
ڣҶǳﵽֹˮľ磬һ˲ľҲľ֮ͻƣоʱ̤һս硣
Ҫ֪֮ǰҶǳʮս磬ÿѪǿгһսƿ
ڣֹ̤ˮ֮ҶǳоԼʱͻƿֻҪ룬̤һս硣
Ϊ˽Ŀ飬ҶǳѹΪ˵
ȵȥͻΪҲ٣ʣµѪͱ˷ѣΪ
˼֮䣬ġ֮ڰ˲ĿҲ֮١
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ΧĻѸٸı֮ʱҶǳɫҲ֮䡣
һεĻþղŵĲ࣬ҶǳȴоԼԴЩεģƤӷ·Ҫ˺Ҫ˳˯֮С
Ҷǳ־ָֿ֣оֲ̫ˣ·ǰһڶڲϵȴ޷ѿ
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ҶǳżоƤԽԽأʱ˯Ƶġոֹˮ磬ãֻһ
ڣҶǳǱ۾
һ۾Ҷǳо綼˺ڰ֮УԼͱޱߵĺڰ֮У첻Ӧеز顣
ȵҶǳһ۾ʱѾڡġ֮ſڣԶĿսߡ
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ڰ˲Ŀ̫ˣ·һεǿ˯ͬˮһ಻ػþʵ̫ˡ
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һǲͨˡ
Ѿﵽ˵߲㣬ˣҲӰ̫
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ܹһѯʵ
ԱߣսҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
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Աߵԣ֮Уû뵽Ҷǳִ˵߲㣬߲㰡
սҲЩϲԼȺġ񡯣ҲҪˣзǳĸˡ
ֱҶǳѯʣս΢΢˼Ƭ̣ų˵ҶСѣ֮ǰЩþֻ򵥵Ļþͨı价١ڰ˲Ŀ飬Ļþˣֱӹ飬ûиľ޷ֵ֪Ҫͨġ֮ľôﵽڶΡʯС
ʯ
һ̬Ŀ飬һ˭ܴﵽ磿
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ҶǳһȻԼ¶ˡ
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ͨҶǳǳ׷ˣֻʣµѡͨˡ
ɵãҶǳ˲Զġ⡯֮־ıĿǰаͨصһ


445 ͨؾŲ
⡱֮һ˵־־ľͬҲһЩ֮
һ˵ľˣ־Ҳ̫
־ˣľȴδػ̫ǿ
־ﶼ˵㣬ľȴܵ͡
Ϊ־ǶԵģϲ£Ϊ֣־Ҳǿ
ǣħͷֻɱ¾־Ҳͬǿޱȡ
ľһĥ͸ľ磬ˣǾˣûôʵжǿǶûá
־ǿйأǿˣ־Ȼ
ԣһΪԽǿˣ־Ҳ֮ǿΪΪǿ
Ҷǳ⣬Ϊˣܵ˷һĥͱϾǿ
ҲΪ̫˻
ںٴҶǳ־ɱ䣬øǿˡ
˺Ҷǳֵõ˻ֹר꣬ʹҶǳᣬûгΪսѾӵһͬǿꡣ
ԣҶǳ־Ҳǳǿ
֪ôҵ־Ҷǳ˼ת֮䣬Ѿˡ⡯֮һ㡣
֮ڣһŹڱھŲˣʱͷųһɫĲƣ
ûãڱһҶǳ͸оûķ꣬Щƴͷָӿͷ
ǿ𣿡
Ҷǳв²ţͬʱĥľ˶ʱͳֹˮľ統С
ЩĳܿͱҶǳѹסˡ
һ׾ʹȥˣĵڶ㣬ͬЩĳȻסҶǳ
㡭Ĳ㡭㡭
ÿһ㣬ҶǳܵĸԽ˵߲ʱɱ¾аȿµĸƳˮһӿֱҪ߻ħ
Ȼֳ𵱳ֱ̫Ҷǳ˵ǲ̫Զˡ
߲㣬ڰ˲㣬Ҷǳͬ˹ȥûгܶʹࡣ
ǵ˵ھŲ㣬ͷϿҵֻҶǳ˶һͬʱЩƾ˵̵ĺˮһֱҪҶǳû
һ
ɫ۾ѪɫӣͷŰɫĲơ
һۣҶǳͱסˣ˷·һѪɫУޱߵĥѣɽ𺣡ԩ˻ȫҶǳ
ЩҶǳɱˣǻΪԩ˿ΧҶǳҶǳĹͷҶǳѪ⣬һޱȡ
ĩһ󣬼ֱ걬ը
ҶǳʱŸо˵̫ܵĥʱʹ࣬ÿһƬƺĥ˶ޱߵС
⡯֮ھŲ㣬ͷųİɫԽԽޣ˲ãֱӷųһѪɫĹҶǳ˶С
ԿõҶǳѾڲˣΪĥѾں̫ʱʹࡣ
Ҷǳһĥ˿Ȼɺʹ࣬ȴѾܹסˡ뵱ǿŶսǰ˹ڣƾԼ־ͼסˣɼЩ־Ҳǿࡣ
ʱһһιȥˣһСʱҶǳڼʱͷ󺹣ϵ·ˮʪˣȷʵסˣԼ־ûսǡ
ʱҶǳٴνһɱ䣬־øǿˡ
ͷϿҵĹҶǳ˿Щ𾪵뵽һ򣬾Ȼֲֿ־⵽ʲô޵򣿡
ΪЩ󣬱ʮж޵ģġ
һôǿҶǳǳ𾪣ֻ֪޵ıʵжôǿ󣿹һսɡ
ֻ޵򱻽ˣ䱾Ҳɱˣɴ˿ɼжôǿ
֪Ҫһս𣬶һЩǿս˵ǳסҪɱһսǾͷǳˡ
ΪսҪǷǳ׵ģ򲻹ҲӣһսһսֻҪķһЩۣӵߡ
ԣܹɱһսĴڣǿֲĳǿߡ
սǶս𣬵Ҳܻɱһս𣬳֮Ĺܻɱһս
𣬽ƾԼˣ治ǿսĳǿߡ
ʲôأЩǿһ̫Զǹ˺ǰ˵ΣҶǳ˦˦ͷȻʧЦ
һâѾڡ⡯֮ſڡ


446 Ԫն
ʱڡ⡯֮ſڣսѾȺʱҶǳȻ֣˶ʱ¶ϲɫѯʵĿ⣬һӶҶǳ˹
Ҷǳһڴ˿ҲɵһԺЦ˵Ҵ˵ھŲ㡣
õȿս˻ɣҶǳոճֵʱǰİоѾһɽɫ۶ɵơ
ͨˣ
뾪
սҲ¶֮ɫ
ǰ齣˵Ȼٻˡ
Ҷǳͨ˵ھŲ㿼飬򣬽ܳ֡
뵽սڴؿҶǳ˵ҶСѣû뵽־Ȼǿ־ľδǰ;Խ϶ǽȴǸˡ
峤ˣ뵽õ𴫳УͨڲŽͨһѡҶǳԿЦ
սȴоⱬ䣬ҶǳĿдһ˿⣺ҿóרĹȵһʱȻͨء塯֮⣬ľȵﵽս۷ʱδزͨءġ֮ԣֻҪ߲֮㣬Ǿͺпܵõ𴫳ˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ȼ۷ս𣬾Ȼ͸ˡ
ʵϣҶǳҲмƻ塯֮˵ףаͨصġ
ڡս֮Ҷǳǲˣаսʱ̤˽򣬵ҪŽȴǶʱڿõġ
ġ֮Ҷǳں˶Ĺ֮󣬸Ǵﵽֹˮľ磬Ҳġ
ھͿ֮ˡ
Ҷǳսˣֱš֮ȥܿͽС
ڣһӵʯڷ룬ɢŵĹΡʯϵһ֣ûʲôĽͷųԵúƽֻּܹ·Ȼγһ
Ҷǳ֮ǰ֪ʯǴʯ̺һŽһоУܹУǴ˵ڼ㡣
⣬ĿʱƵģһСʱûһеĻôǿʧܡ
֮ǰһʧˣ̤ڶʸûС
ڶҲʱƵģʱΪʮСʱ
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дһ˿ҶǳǰʯȥȻһὫƷȥ
ʱһɽɫĹâʯ˳Ҷǳƣϯ𽥽˶С
һ˲䣬Ҷǳоһɺ־ͬˮһӿӴϢǳľˣֱӹעԺС
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Ҷǳ֪սˡ
ͬʱҶǳҲеޱȵľϲΪս̫ʺˣֱǸġ
ӴϢУҶǳ֪ġơһǷƣҽɷƽڶеȰ弫٣ŴŽս
սĺıٶȣϽļٰ壬ǳ£ֱսˡ
⣬𴴳սԭ򣬱ҪԼİһ¥ǿİ塮Ԫʵϣȷɹˡ
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ȻҪӵĻƾաԪ壬ȫ˺ѿռ˲ߣϾսҲ޷˲ƣ׷Ͻ
ֻǣΪսĴڣһ˵ĵѹʹý𿴲ǰ·ԸսҲԸ⽫Ԫս
֮·ԭôпᣡ
ҶǳЩпûλսһΪսôԽľʣ϶ΪսģұȻΪŵľ


447 
֮УҶǳȫĵͶ뵽򡮴ԪնУʺսν֮ĹջһֱΪս
ĿǰսֻΣ⡣仰˵ֻнУûйǲġ
ȻҲϾôҪսôʹ㣿µõõϿɣõĴУŻġԪն
뵽ҶǳĲ򡮴ԪնˣƾǿĽ츳Լľ־ϵĹ˳ɼٶȷǳ죬СʱѾ˵һС
Ҷǳ˷ʱ䣬ڲһ֮ϾͽŲڶУһֱСʱųɹ˵ڶУȻС
ǰ漸жǳףҶǳڽ츳Ҳѡ
һֱ˵УʼʱҶǳŸеЩѣɬˡ
ÿĵ߲㣬һżһѵ㡣
Ҷǳɫȴκα仯ȫĵز򡮴Ԫն˶ڽĺС
һʼҶǳھʱ䣬ʱĬĬؼŹȥʱ䣬»ᳬƣӶ´ʧܡ
Ǻܿ죬Ҷǳ˼ȫԪնˣҲֲһ˿˼棬ԺֻжԽݺרС
Ҷǳ֪ѧʲôһԼȴеǳĿģƺͶԽһֱΪǿѧΪϲ
ÿһνҶǳеǳ㣬ÿһνӴµĽеĿ֡
Ϊɷָһ֡
ҲΪˣҶǳڽ棬Ż𾪵츳
ʱһһš
ºҶǳˡԪնУͨ顯֮ĵ߲㣬ٴεõһö
Ҷǳûгڱڲ򡮴ԪնĵڰС
ڰиˣҶǳ㻨£һͷ
ǰжǸԶģ֮ǰҾ;õʱ⽣ٶȶѾﵽһޣ£ڰأ
ԭںϣ
ڰнһƿҪڰУҪǰġСںװƿУǵڰС

Ҷǳ˼ת
ȻͷҲ֪ôڰУ˵ףˡ
ںսԹΪǷǳѵġ
㱾ͬһս˴˵ĽںҲǷǳѵġ
ңҪǰжںϽȥϼˡ
ڰеʱһ꣬ѾȥˣʣµľŸ£ûɡҶǳ뵽ȻԼģںϽ̫ˣҲ̫ķʱˣʣµľŸ£ûõ
ҶǳҲģѾõöëһöԼʣһöԣһδ֮ĹĻᡣ
ȼ½Уںϵ飬Ժһںϡ´ȻԴڰ˲㡣
⣬һоһµھŲ㣬ܹ⡮֮ĵھŲ㣬ǽĴоͱؽˡ
Ҷǳ֮̾ͷ˲ѡ뿪˱
оŸµʱ䣬ûаմȥǸûҪ˷ôʱ䣬ϾҪҪΪ̫ܵʱ䣬лΣڡ
ӡ֮֮Ҷǳûпһˣ롢Ӧ뿪ˡ
Ͼǰǰڡ֮Ѿ˰ˡ
ɽ޼ӣ֪꣡
Ҷǳһ·߳˽֮ĹʥɽϤɭ֣вһ˿п
ȻѾȥ˰ʱ䣬ȴûиܵһʱ仯·ǰǲŽ뽣֮ĹƵġ
ΪҶǳ˼ڲ򡮴Ԫն棬ʱš
֪ôˣ
ԳһЩûУ
Ҷǳ磬ٱɽ£źԳһϳȥ
ܿ죬ҶǳͿ˺Գһϳȥﲢûзʲô仯ӡ
ںȺУҶǳһ۾ϳ˿ӣܴһǿϢȰսˡ
ͿҶǳҲǳģæܹˣԶ׼峤ѪҲ˹
峤أ¥ĽôҶǳһ¿ͣ漴Ѫʵ
ѪЦ峤ǰڵأ㻹ûȳ˯ˡתǺԳһл⣬κ¥Ľ׷ǳ˳Ѿˡǽ뽣֮ĹˣΪûгΪ˲㣬δʼ
ҶǳԵлϾڴ֮ĹЩսҵˣлҵˣ϶õӰ졣
ԿóԳһΪ롣


448 
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һڽ֮ĹȻջ񲻴󣬵Ϊ˺Գһ壬Ҳõ˺ԳһĸмЩﱻ¥֮õһԴΪֱӽ˾ս۷塣
ǰѾ뿪ХԨˣ׼йĥĥΪͻơս׼
Զ׼ȵһʱѾһǿսˡ
ʣµģëˡ
˵ëһ͸ˣƢҲ˶
ⲻҶǳڿѪĴ£ëĵطȥûнӽëڵѾëǿ񱩵ˡ
Ⱥ󱿺ү˵ٱˣүҪ;ʯǺھʯȻǿƣһԲΣһΣ㶼ֲ𣿡
ǱˮǴˮҪǷŽȥүɽҪըˡ
үȺﵹæ

ɽ֮Уϵشë
ҶǳĿɿڴδë㱩꣬ı仯δҲ̫˰ɣ
һԵĿѪЩΣڨڨʦһֱƢЩЩȻҪ̫ﲻʲôæǰﵹæ꣬ʦˡ
ʦҶǳԷ˿Ѫë̬ȵı仯
Ҫ֪ڰǰѪս۷ǿߣֻһս𾳽磬ûаë֪ëݲѪȼߣû⡣
ڣӿѪëĳƺͿԿóëĿءҶǳ𾪵ǣѪëʱϺ۾Ծ¶͸мɫ
ȻôȻ۷ȺǿĺӣҶǳԽˣ¾ͺͿѪһɽ
ƺӦ̤ɽ鲻õëʱͷҲصرȺүǸ˵ˣǹүȥ
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Ҷǳս׵ĴСһߵĿѪʱ֪ëڸԳһרŵսס
£ҶǳЦſڣ磬ôûȻôӭ𣿡
ţëһϤʱϲתͷҶǳʱʱЦԭСӣСóˡ
һ˵ţëϷĻѸٷ˹
˵Сڽ֮Ĺ洳ˣսͷ˵пܵõĴСëæʵ
ҸոջҺȿˮòáҶǳԷ˷ۣ£Լ˱ˮ
һԵĿѪʶȤظ뿪ˡ
ҶǳЦŶë˵ġ֮Ҵ߲ˣһõö´νȥаմڰ˲㣬ڵھŲ㣬Ҫоо
˵ţҶǳһöë
ëצĽ۾͵˵ȥһүѾ˵ԱүڵʵʵڲʺϽȥȱүﵽս۷ʱٽȥҲ٣˷ö
ȵս۷ʱȥʡҶǳ͵ͷ
漴ҶǳŲԶɽĸֿʯϣɵЦˣ˵㲻춼ɣ
ɲëԣʱһӻҧүͿսͷ˱ʽףҪÿһˣһһսףһơ£үֱһ춼ûϢʽǿˡ
ԿҲŲأ˵˵ʲôףõʲôôҶǳȤʵ
ëҲûֱ˵Ӧ֪սͷˣǿ˯һֲ˶õġԣӦˣ֮ǰý֮Ĺϵ䡣
ô˵׬ˣ㻹ʲôġҶǳԲɵëеˡ
ë޲ˣλʮǿ֮һӦƲȴֻûëļֱ̫ˡ
Ҫ䣬ÿëս۷壬ָһǰΪСǣëܶࡣ
սܹǰ䣬ôëջָǰ۷ʱڵʵˡ
ôĺôһȻﱧԹҶǳɵ÷˷ۡ
Сӣ𷭰ˣĶүѾ׼ˣưɣëƲƲ죬˻ӳ򣬶ʱΧֳһѰƽС
Ҷǳʶһɨһǧѡ


449 ʥ
һǧѻƽ𽣣ÿһѶƷҪܹǣʩչ򽣾սھͬëŵ˵
Ҷǳ۾ؿΧһǧѻƽ𽣣Ƹ䱦һһѽʵһƷʣֹȻëԣﵽ˼ƷĵزѾвսˡ
ϾսʹõҲǼƷѡ
Ʒһ˵ѾĶˡ
ȼƷģҲֻʥˡ
Ͳ˵ˣ̫ϡˣսҵš
ʥҲ٣һսʸաҲÿһսʥܶսҲֻʹüƷѡ
ԣһһǧѼƷĻƽ𽣣Ҷǳ򽣾ٿ˵ɱսˡ
ȻǰҶǳΪһЩս硣
⣬ҶǳĿǰֻǴﵽ򽣾㣬Ĳٿһǧһ㡣
Сӣ򽣾ҪŬﵽĲ㡣ëһѵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷŵ˵ģ֮ǰûаѾ棬һµʱ䣬ҺܴܿﵽĲ㡣
֮ǰ;Ĳܽˣڡ֮ԪնĽһ¥Բ򽣾ٶҲȻͼӿˡ
һ˵ţҶǳһ߽Щƽ𽣸
ˣҵĺڽôˣҶǳ漴ʵ
ǰ֮Ĺʱڽëˣ׼õõٴڽ
Ҷǳãڴ֮ǰڽѾӽƷˣο϶Щƽ𽣲٣ٵǼƷɡ
ȻֻëԣϾóһ߳߳ĺɫЦ˵͸׼ˣѾǼƷˣڼƷж۷ˡѽΪƣֻܴȼˣ޷ʥ
ŶǽʥҪʲôҶǳһ߽ӹڽһߺʵ
ëߵСӵĺĻأʥɲڿԿӵģѾԽһǳǿһսʥͬ츳֮£ɻһ߼ս𡣡
ôǿ󰡣Ҷǳ𾪡
ʲôǳս𣿸սһһǵսǳսǵսмսǵսǸ߼ս
һǵսʥȻɻһ߰ǵսδҲ̫˰ɡ
ë͵ΪʥҪĲϣһ䶥֮һҪʦƳʦȻҲƣǳɹʺܵ͡һǲϵƣһʦƣעʥϡ٣ÿһսӵСңսӵеʥǴǰ̳УͨһЩżõġԼƵģǳ٣һϡ١
磬ǰʥأҶǳʵ
ëԷ˷ۣ漴Щź˵ٸˣ˸㣬ܹƵģʦٶģЩսӵеʥһ٣ٵϴ񣬲սɶһ޶
ԭġҶǳȻ򣬲漴ɻȻٿΪʲôսڶٵʱ򣬲ŪһЩʥһгɹֻʮ֮һ
㵱ʥǴײ˰ëҶǳһۣ˵ʥϡپͲ˵ˣʹսҲռ١ǶսһֱԼġģԶʱл᰾ȥǣһսľޣڶʵǿɮһҲ
Ҷǳ˽ص˵ͷ漴ʵ˵˵ЩϿʥԺעһ¡
ȻҶǳھսЩԶҲʱԼˡ
ë֪Ҷǳ˼Ц˵Щ̫ˣҲӴЩʥϣϾս½սǶѹθɾˣҲֻкŻСүãҲñүʥԺܲҵʲôżõһЩƷʥ
ҪңżȻҲŹ׼źҶǳЦ
ëͷ漴ʥĲϲ࣬ҪϽ𡢳ľˮȪǡģҲΪ֪ģȻʣһЩȽϡ٣ûҪ֪
ҶǳЩ⼸ȽϳģûοЩϡٵˡ
ǰУԺл˵еһ֡
ˣ磬ֲõһ־Ƴʥ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ëЦ˵Ĳõһ֣ƳʥүǸˣҪƳʥ⿿ЩҪҲҪһЩͨĲϡȻ˵ͨʵǸʥϱͨǵĵȼɶǽʥϣһֵܴԣҪʥǵҪһӴԴЩϲС
ҶǳʱЦ̫ˡ


450 ɽ
ëĽҶǳڿɲٿʥˣϸպһǧѻƽ𽣣ëʱ顣
ëĿУҶǳ֪罻׵ľ¥мˣ׷ǳ˳һЩսҶ˽ס
Գһı⣬϶ҪʣҶǳëҲõ˲Դ
ⲻȥˣëС˫˫˰ս硣磬Ȼɼεõĺôǳ
⣬¥ҲչҩģⶼҶǳ֮ǰԸõģ׼ԼƵҩҩĶѾ׼ˣͷԱߵɽС
ҶǳǱȽϺ漴ѯë
ëɫСӣȺлʥڱȽϲ񣬱үȰڹԹԴҩ˳ΪʱڲҪȥˡ
Ⱥʥ
Ĵ
ȺʥֵлҵЩʥǣֵñһҶǳ
Ⱥлʥǣڣ߱ս½ѰҶǳ䣬ĿĲԶ
ΪҲҶǳرҶǳҶǳʦ𽣻ʶܵ衣⣬ǻȥµ۹ȥȻûɱˣĿɵӶܿó
µ۹
Ҷǳҧк˸вҰ
µ۹ĺ֪ѩһ׵үүСҡ
лҵȻûʲôΪʲôȥΪвҶǳ
СӣģЩսں棬ǲΪɱǨŭЩͨˣսҿлҵġëҶǳ嶯Ͷæѵ
ҶǳȻһ㣬Ȼǳߵں棬ǾԼ֣ЩҪͽлҵˣҲǶ֡ңǲɱ֣ҲʹһЩıֶΡ
Сӣүֹȥ㲻ܳ嶯лʥӺбȼսʼĴڣҪ׼ȥȵ̤ս磬򽣾ĲСë֪סҶǳΪҶǳںˡ
ģʱ̤ս磬ҪѪġѪȴͻս֮ΪعƿһԳ嵽ս硣Ҷǳŵ˵Ȼɵھȥµ۹ɣȲˡ
ǾͱˣϽսëߴٵ
ҶǳԵͷ׼սģֻڳϾˡ
ʱëĴߴ£ҶǳһƬտط׼ɽ١
Ƕɽ١
սʿս磬ҶǳҪɽ٣սս磬ԼҲҪɽ١
ָоǳ񣬾ͺͷϿһֻ۾ڶԼƵģǹֵѹǳĿֲһɽҪѹƵġ
ҶǳϥڵϣսսʱͷϿմѹˡ
ͬʱзӿѸٻµ׵ڲ֮˸ţһ۵Ĺâء
ӴƣòԶЩԳǶܹˡ
ëæǴ󺰵Сڶɽ٣ҪǹٱǿʱҲΣա
ʵϣëѣЩԳǿҶǳͷϿǿµҲ̤ǰһˡ
׵磬µ˵кܶྪž޵ս󶼱׵ˣûжɽٳɹԵս֮λ
׵磬˶Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
٣ǿүĳͷ뿼飬֮
ս½ս⣬˭ҵֵ֮Ǽֱ
ѪүүΪʲôҶս٣Ȼ࣬ǲһҲû˵ڽսʱɽٰԶԱߵĿѪʵ
ѪؿһԶҶǳһ̾㲻֪ҲΪⶼǴ˵е飬˵ںܾǰһЩŻĳδƽɣԽޣүҪʣ˲Żή١ȻǳͷҲǿ飬ƽɹô࣬ͬ統оԺɨ޵Сţ۹Žδָû뵽챻ҵˡ
ǰǿֲ٣ѪһθܵҶǳ츳Ŀ£ѹ峤˵лõĴС
뵽ѪԽ϶ԼһҶǳǶԵģһ彻ôսһ
¡¡ҵ׹ֲ˺ѿռ䣬ݺݵغҶǳ
Ҷǳ̧ͷƬҫ۵׹⣬Ȼһɫĥҵ֪Чô
뵽Ҷǳûеֵ׵ĺֱ֧š


451 ׽
һļƻ
Կ٣սڶʱҲô
ȻҶǳǰں׼ʥӵ׵繥ĥֱƿص׵磬ʵ㲻׵硣׵磬ǿܹ֮ƿء
һκҶǳͱȫڣͷһɺѪҺȾƬա
ܵشⶼˣϵƤⶼ·׵ˣðڵζ׵Ǵڣ壬ָоǳܡ
Զë̲סСӣ㲻㵱ɽϷȻ⣬Ѱ·
ȻнţëȴҹȥϾڵΪԶҶǳһȥǾͻٵġᡯϡǵʱ򲻹ëˣҶǳӲҡ
ֻԶкţҶǳ
Ҷǳܲˣҧ٣ƾԼѪⶼյ÷ˣҲ塣
ٲϵؽ٣ֲ׵һܼըƬضڷڡ
ҶǳоԼϵѪѾˣĹͷյͨ죬Ҳҿ־ǿޱȣͼֲסˡ
ҶǳϾʹ࣬ʹȻ£ĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ԼϵѪðҶǳɫЩŹ֡
ǷˣҶǳԼҲ̲ס뵽ˣû취Ϊǿʵòôƴ
Ϊ磬лҵʥǻ׼ļ˺˶ܵвЩԸ׵ĸһЩ
ҪǿҪǿ
Ҷǳŭš
׵žϵؽҶǳ˶˵صס
ʱڵ̫ͺҲطų壬ǸսǣҲͷų貵Ľɫâյޱȳҡ
ɫâҫ£ҶǳоԼڵĹͷůģǳЩѪ⣬ʼգָұøӵǿ
ͺñȳӥһδƴײͱڣ۶ϵĳ»ָʱøӵǿӲɵĸ߸Զ
ҶǳʱǾͬӥһɱ䣬ԽԽǿƺϵÿһѪ⵱ж̺ױȵĿֲ
֮ϵҲԽԽңһˮͰִ׵磬ƲҪǮһغҶǳոջָõѪ⣬˲͸ըˡ
Ҷǳʷµɱ䣬òԶЩԳǶ࣬ЩĿġ
Сķˣֱ̫ˣү˼ǧ꣬Ҳûмôġ
ԶëĿɿڴ漴Ҳһ˿塣
˭ܲ
νħɻëзǳһɱ֮Ҷǳʵ츳
үǹƽģ㹻Ŭͬ㹻Ļر
¡¡
Һըʱ֮ڽеβӴĽƣգҲ𽥱
˵Ŀ⣬ǵ׹ֵӰ档
һ׵ĺҵ׹Ҳ֮ɢȥ¶һƬǽĿ֮ء
Ҷǳʱһ֮Уɲŵ˸˵嶼ڷųĹâðΧ¶ȶ˲١
ؿõҶǳΧʯƺܲ¶ȣڻˡ
ʱҶǳѾһϢܹţǿڵסϵҪ֣Լսǻסȫͷ
ˣô֮´Ǹʵ
Сӣôƴģֱ̫ˡëٽ󣬾Ѹٷ˹ץҶǳͳԭȵɽȥ
ԶѪˣſһˣǰȥҶǳ
ɽ֮УëѾó˵ĵҩҶǳá
ҶǳֱץһѾͳȥȻֱռҩʼ޸Լ塣
һΣ˵̫ˣֱڹŹظһ顣
СӣôˣãëҶǳ۾ſʵ
ԱߣѪͿҲͶĵĿ⡣
ҶǳЦЦ˵ް¾ܳ׻ָ
ë˿漴ĿصҶǳѵС´αôˣǿٰսҲֻ⣬СˣСӵÿζôá
֪ˣ
Ҷǳͷ漴ЦȻΣգҵջҲǳ޴ҸоҵٴһΣﵽĴɾˡ
ջȷǳ޴


452 ˽
Ҷǳڽ֮Ĺ֮еõͻƣġСɡ磬ԭôͽɡ磬壬νǷļƻȻ񣬵ȴɹˡ
ƴĽһ¥
磬پõ屦Ǹôģָ
ӦǾ仰ԽջԽ
ëЩ£Ҷǳ´βҪôӦͰ֮࣬ܲ߻ħġ
ҶǳԼҲоһʵ̫Σˣ˵ͷϾҪʵŷһΣ´οɲҼôˡ
Ͼëԣÿһεôá

ӣҶǳһ߲򽣵һ߻ָơ
ºܿ͹ȥˣҶǳƳ׻ָһսƣſÿһѪ̺Ŀֲ·νһ಻˸еһǿ
СӣʵﵽʲôزëҶǳҶǳƻָ۾ʱһæʵ
Ҷǳ˫ȭӿȵëЦ˵ǿﵽʲôزҲҪԣ
Ҫսүëüͷһ΢΢ϷŰؿҶǳ˵үѾﵽ˰ս磬սһĶսʶǱүĶ֣Ҫֿԣ
̽ҵľʵҶǳŵ˵
ãȻҪŰүͳȫ㣡ë˵գȷɳɽУųǿϢ·Ҷǳеս
ǿҶǳ࣬ëޣܵ䣬츳ûȫָҲǳˡ
Сӣ׼𣿱үҪˣëне
Ҷǳȴֱ̤շ죬ȳֻëһƣҶǳǿڰ۳һ޴Ľɫɢ޾ƣëѹȥ
СӣսԽԽˣԸүëƣҲ̲ס̾һ䣬ȴ飬ֱһצӽǾ޴ɷɳȥ
ﵽ˰սˣȫʵֻ㣬Ȼ߽ƺԲµķ񰡣ëһ˵ţһ߳ҶǳǾ޴ĳչֱգޱߵķ˲ΪΣһܼҶǳ
һҶǳԷһХ˶ڿնһͷ֮УӶڽͬһĽâնë
ӽ֮Ĺѧϰ˵ġԪնȻûйµҶǳѾ򽣹ʩչԪնȲԭҲǳֲ
Ͼ򽣹ڣǴԪնгΪսǱ߽Ȼ¡
ңһҶǳķƣٶȷǳĿ죬쵽ëûзӦһݺݵС
ͣ
ؼʱ̣ëҲǳصģѸһϣסһķâ
˵ĴԪնȻһﵽ˾սĵزˡ˵Ѿɹ˽ˡëһһ󣬼̶̾
ϧûʸսսʰѾҵļˡҶǳ̾漴еĺڽ䵽档
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սվһҪʵҶǳЦЦ漴ɫë˵Ѿսˣϳս֮ҲܶԿսʣ׼µ۹һˡ
ô죡㲻ǻѪôһս磿ңھ뿪ˣԳһЩҩ˭ƣëü
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Ҫүһ𣿡ë֪ҶǳѾˣֹˣҲͲ׼ֹˣϾгսףҶǳ㹻ˡ
ˣ㻹ǼɣڵĿ̫һ֣лҵϾҵˡ֮ûţʱԻƤߣԴڰСҶǳҡҡͷ˵
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ۣһ¶棬϶һʱ䱻˲µҶǳݡ


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лǰ׳գʱ̼ҶǳҪҲҪȵԼΣ֮˵
뵽лЩǵȻ˹ˡЩΣռָҶǳˣһ˵ҩУֻܿԼٶ̫ˣϾ˵̫ˣû˵ҩʱڸ޷ָ
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ҶǳҲûʲôԾó׼򿪿ȻóеʱȴԵظоԶ˵лһ
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˻ľȴһģɵҶǳûжս̨˾ʥӣټֻսʼĹּλʥܹɱ𣿡
лҴ԰ֵİɣŵܺҶǳսҲ˵ˣȻ˾ŵܣֳʵҲûдﵽսʼ𡣶λܵܣɶǱȼսʵĴڣɱֻּҶǳ㹻ˡ
һˣһʢٵǡлҶӹ磬˵ǸǲһХԨ
˻ʲ֪ΪҪХԨǵ˵ͷ˵ХԨ۹֮ǰѾˣνʷƾã֪ʥ
Ϊһ۹ˣһ˻ʣȻ֪ܲХԨĴڡ
ֻ֪ХԨʷƾãȴ֪Ԩж죬һĹżлҶЦ˵
ʲô˻𾪣˵ХԨȥ̽ȫǻʯޣûʲôмֵĶ
Ȼ˻лҶûҪƭֻϢЩ𾪡
ֻлҴʱЦ˵㲻֪ҲХԨǿػżû㹻ʵǸ޷̽ʵϣл֪⴦żĴڣֻʱ̫ñˣֱ¥ǲ
лҴ˵ǰս½һλߣųơ𡯣ʵ춯أֱսսХԨһ֮ĹʵϣХԨǵսһսһġ
˻
ХԨȻǱ˸һģ˻̲סһֲֿʵ
λȻսսȻˣʵ϶ҲǾ춯أһλӽսĿֲڡ
ľµĴУȻۺˡ
˻Ҳ֪Լı£ִвԿģûսҵʥӶҪǽȥǼֱ
Ŀ̫ˣںܾǰлȥһʥӣûһ˳ɹҲûжٰգֻȥѡ
лҴ˵γǣսҲʥӵνһʢᡣ
лҶЦſ˻˵ĿƣЩսǰǽȥģսԸ⣬ǵǿԴȥҪ֪սҵˣҪȥĻҪػһ彻ѵġ
ѵ˿أ˻ʲ
ǺԳһ壬ػ˽֮Ĺ꣬껹лҺȻ֪ʵΣزȱսʣս𡣡лҶ˵
˻ʰ࣬ս𰡣ֱⱲܹΪսʾˣս𡭡ûκϣġ

лźס֮˻ʱæд˷ţ͵͵ȥ¥˳һХԨżϢ
ȻѡҶǳ˻ʵȻҪҶǳǣҶǳ͵͵š
Ϊʲôѡ¥Ϊ¥д󣬿Կٵ͵ҶǳȥҶǳܵµ۹ˡ
ڴڼ䣬֮ĹϢ¥ƶս½
һսҵʥӣֻҪǴս磬ʸ뽣֮Ĺģ׷۹
ս½ѧԺ󹫻ᣬҲŵ
һʢᣬĻ


464 Բ
ȣɳϯ
۹ԵҶǳһСǣҵе¥ֲȡһţǵһš
ûҶǳȴ֪˻дġ
ХԨѾʼ｣֮ĹˣãȥҵѹҲࡣ
Ҷǳţݣ۾΢΢һУ̶˼
лҵȥХԨҶǳ˵һϢϾʵ̫ǿˣǾۼһҲֻѡܡ
ںˣȻµ۹лҵҶǳӵгսףҲδû֮һսĿܡ
ǵҪǿʵ
صӣҶǳ֣ĵһŵҩиһĨڴĹâ
һŹ嵤ˣ
ǰʮŹ嵤Ҷǳǿ࣬Բֻһ֮ң
ֻҪһŹ嵤ҶǳԼ̤Բˡ
£ҶǳԥطŹ嵤Ȼ󻺻۾ʼ˹Բ硣
ڹ嵤ҩЧ֮£Ҷǳ˵嶼·ȼһɹɽɫĻڶͬһ貣ҫޱȡ
һҪ̤Բˣ
Զ˵лʱҶǳϵϢ۾һʱҶǳ˿̵ı仯
Щ嵤ɶҵģɶ񣡸лҶǳ˫ȭգ˸ڵɱ⣬ûɱҶǳҡ
ȲǰҶǳһд裬˿̻ˣɱҶǳ⣬Ҷǳûе̷ڴʱ֣ô³Ժܲҡ
ԣлֻҧгݣԹصҶǳȻ۲Ϊ޸Լƣ׼һдʱҶǳȻԼҲּ֪ʺСҶǳ̤Բ֮
ѾĿǰΨһĶܷ
ʱ仺š
֮ҶǳϵϢʼһ˿һûй¶ͻȻ֮һһ˸оڳһ
ҶǳлУȴ·һͷαһͷʷǰޣǳĿֲ
Ҷǳ˫лʱлϵĺëһֲִвֱҶǳĿ⣬˿ʱѾˮʪˡ
Բ𣿡
˿̣Ҷǳ̧˫֣ȭͷĿޱȣŵе˸еޱȡ
ԲͬգԶŰ
ҶǳоԼϵÿһ缡Уƺ̺ޱǿֻҪ˼һ߷
ָоͺϷըʱܹըȻЩܱؿ
ҹƾܴﵽս۷˰ɣҶǳгϲá
Ҫ֪֮ǰȫӵڣѾﵽ̶ȣҪټǰߣǾԲһһڶô򵥣ǽһʵı仯սսʡ
ټϳս׵Ļ
ҶǳŴ⣬ڵӳű̫Ҫҵ⡣
˿̵˺Ⱥлʥʸ
߰ɣ·
ΣҶǳվ΢΢Ƴһۻ˵лЦ˵ۼµ۹ȥʶʶ
ԭڵ˵лԣʱ۾ⱬؿҶǳ֪µ۹Ȼҹȥ
ǲǳ˵Ⱥʥ𣿷лµ۹ܲȥԣҶǳЦȻȥ
ɶ񣡡лԲ㱻Ѫǳ˵ġȺʥлһȺʥҶǳһţȴҶǳлҾȴΪǱԵĶ
ƣߣҵҪôлҧҧû˵ֻҶǳȥ
ԼģΪǱȼսʵĴڣҶǳʵȻǿ󣬵Ѿʶˣսʾ硣
ҶǳͻƣﵽԲ磬ҲҶǳĶ֡
֮Ҷǳڵִ˺ԭٹãǾܽµ۹ˡ
ʱҶǳͣڸ߿Уתͷһ֮ǵķǵõµ۹֮ǵǶ¡
ʱµ۹ǿ׷ɱѧԺĸԺ촺׷ɱ
ҶǳǶ£Ϊʱµ۹
ȴҪٶ̤µ۹̤ǸµĹȡ
еˣǸõ˽ʱˡҶǳµ۹ķͬϵ޷ԶΧĿ֮жһɱ
һ
Զлһ
ʱҶǳĸоһѳʵɢѪϢ


465 ŭ
̶̰µʱ䣬֮ĹϢͬһ㣬¥ȫƶ֮£ս½ҲЩս֪
Ͼڵ¥Ѿڸսн˷¥
ΪϢ۹۶ǣڼԺ֮һγ˷ƻ۵ģǿǰ
۹ĸ֣ѧԺţ󹫻ˣصսңһЩֵˣǸװˡ
ȫ½˵ĿۼХԨн֮ĹʱҶǳлڽµ۹
ʱٴ硯Ҷǳûֻϲõ飬˷ŭɱ⣬ߵĿ¶ȶࡣ
ԶлƺءҶǳĿ֮г˿־Ͳţеĺͺ¡
ΪǰãҶǳȥһ˸¥ֲõðɡϢ
һϢǣлҾеϰ˺Ͼµ۹ĵ۶³ǣһ˻壬һ¹֡
ڶϢǹлҾеߣһҶǳġ硯ǣҾ޸յĸۡ
ȻлҵȺʥʱڶĺ֪ĿҪļˣֱ˵޸үүСң¹
ڰչֽܳ츳֮Ѿܲܵص
лȻսңҲǱ¥һеսжзֲеսҶҪǵĵҩлҲΪһŮ˶ǡ
ΪõϢҶǳԵ÷ǳķŭֱӾͰԵлᡯһ١
ΪŭҶǳûʵֱȫ¾Ͱл
ҶǳﵽԲ֮лһμʶҶǳʵʵ
е벻ͨͻһ£ȻҶǳսǿôࡣ
ΪлҾ֮һǰ˸սʵĸд裬ǳʱҶǳѾ˿սʵʵĸһ
ãһʵԼ߸硢˸࣬ԲĶ֡ла뵽
߸硢˸ֻǱȼսʣ磬ȴܹһսʵĴڡ
ȴ֪ҶǳһսףëĳսףѾǰǿˡ
ҲҶǳĵơ
ߣû뵽лǲҪˣȻáˡвңȣΪ顯ĺֱǹʺ磡
ڣҶǳ̲סߵ
лԵ㲻ҪѪˣлʲôʱáˡвˣҪ˼Щˡܺúû𣿻˵вˣõȵڣ粻ˣ㲻ȥӦսҲԵͷߣҿԱ֤粻˶ֵġ
ˣ˭Ҷģ
Ҷǳң
ԼģҶǳңΪԼġ
޸գСң¹ģҶǳҡ
˵лսңù˼棬áˡвҶǳǻлҳΪսеЦ
лҾôĻлҼͻһĲǡ
ȻҶǳȻ֪ЩȴҶġ
һ򣬾һ
ҶǳϣΪԼһΡġǸһֱ벻չŮС棬ϣصүүǸ¹
ҶǳĲ
ԣ³ǣҪȥ
߰ɣҵҪʲô¡Ҷǳɱ˵
л
䣡Ҷǳ˵ˣֱһȭлɣ־Ե־ԵٶȣлûлֵĻᡣ
Բ磬ҶǳѾﵽһ۷״̬ٶȣǶԽ
˵лˣûˣҶǳǰҲòһˡ
ΪˣҶǳսսʵʸ
ͣлѪҧ۾ԹضҶǳȴһ仰Ҳ˵Ϊ¡ŭСҶǳڴɱȻּʺСҶǳһҶģҲĲ
ʵ㣬ڲɱ㣬ǿһֻ첲һȣпܵġҶǳԹ޵л˵
лʱһ˿־壬һֻ첲һȣҲɷˡ
ȻսУҲ˿Զ֫ĵرֱǳϡ٣ʥӣҲ
οлʥӶǣΪһʥӶ˷ֱлҴࡣ


466 
ҶǳǺεɱ⣬лʱЩ־壬ٶײŭҶǳԼǾǰװˣǰ;ɲô
ллԼ룬ڱҶǳвʵͷҶǳ棬Զȥ
Ҷǳֻϵ³ǣΪս磬չ֮ٶȷǳ졣
лϾΪҶǳȻսЩǷٶҲǺܿģҶǳ档ӣΪѾʶҶǳٶȣӲ
οÿҶǳġˡʹһв
˼ٷУ˸ż·һЩǳʱһЩΪǵٶ̫ˣϷɣּͺ˵óһۣǿڸ·
սǿߣսвʲôǷµ۹ǾǶǿˡ
Ҷǳл˵ٶȣ˾òһǿߡ
ϾһЩǳصĳսǿظоõӹǿߵʵԶԶ֮ϡϾսǿߣǻеġ
ǣæϢ㱨ȥ
ֻǣҶǳл·ǳ죬ûϢ㱨ȥѾ³ˡ
ߴΡĵ۶µ۹ҶǳȴûеһεˣϾѾʶ۹۹ĵ۶ʶҵıѩ֮ǣǶԽ³ǵĴڡ
ţ
һԣлͻȻЩܿͻָҲӲҶǳ۾
ҶǳЦӦ˰ɣ
лĬȷӦԼǳ֮ڣЩΪԼġˡҪͷˡ
ʵ㣬ʱɱ㣡ҶǳЦ
ңһְֻлı󣬶ʱһĽӡ˳ƽл֮Уɫһ䣬ЩŵصҶǳǽӡôֶΣΨлҵġֽӡ
ӡǽâ۳ӡֽӡǳȶҿڣ˿ʱӶɱˡ
лܹоԼӡĿֲһ㲻Ҳ»зϡ
лҵֶΣˣĽʶᣬΨ̤ս۷弶Ľǿֶ߲ܴΡ
Ҷǳô᣿
߰ɣ
ҶǳƳһۣǰ棬˽ӡڣлʲô⽣ӡӴԪնģԪնȻʽǴʽ֮ҲһЩֻٶȺ
ҪܹõĴԪնоͺˣ
Ҷǳа뵽Ԫնλ޵нУϧֻʽĻƾŴУѸ
ȻԴ򽣹ҲǱޣվֻǲ̤ս𾳽磬򽣹ֻĳˣսսˣսߵ˼£ŴԪնģ벽սˡ
ҶǳжսϾ߽һģֻ򽣹ںʹԪնİ

µ۹ʹ
԰Уһһ٣ͤжġ
˻ʣȥԵøӲˣͷ׷ѩҲֵסµʴѾߵ˾ͷ
Ҳһ˻ʣڵ͸Ĺâ˲С
Ķ棬һˣл˶٣ȴǿл˻ʣҲǳ򶨡
лҾеߡ
ʱɱĻذһҲ飬ÿһֶ̺ɱΧĿ֮жһɽŵա
˻վḻԽռϷ硣
л߼״Ҳģǵ˵û뵽ѩӵ𣬶һһıϵʣҷĻ϶ᵱɱġ޸Ӷ⡣
˻ɫһеӶ䶢лߣ˵лСѹˣСŮǵʣлҾ˵̫Զˡ
˻ǫˣӵ𣬻ӵбϵʣΪţοѩ߼沢δɾ;Բս֮¡л˵Щˡ
սҵȻЩˡѩ츳ŮӣǾˡ
뿴һѩõлҵصɳǻǶôǿ
ɲл߲ȣҲֻȶѣΪ֪ŮӲԳܵģ硪лҾеϴ
ˣлЦſ˻ʣ˵˻ʣҴδл䣬츳ѩδضԳΪһлӣµ۹Ҳ˶һ¥
˻ԣɫʱˡ


467 ˲
Ŷлߣ˻磬ޱһˣ޷֮ӣֿܲµѹϾһλǿսʣҪǾˡ
ǣлȴһȻӭ˻Ŀ⣬΢΢Цż˵Ҵ츳֪ģҵֵδĳɾͿ֪ټѩôҴ罫ΪлҵһҲδزܣʱµ۹ҾлҵˣԱ֤»Ҵ֮ãҲõı
ò˵սңս½κһ˵ǷǳĶġ
ңлҴлʥӵУҲڶһеģа˸ͬǿֵԿǼǿʥ棬һӵλӡ
һ˭ʸ
۹߰л۹˻ʣʹӦˣ˵һŮˣʮٸҲ⡣
˻ȴһѩŮϧ˼㣬ϣԼŮί֪ԼŮлҴޣŮԼϲˣԸȥǿ
վֻһԪˣҲǷ޵Ľɽ续ֻҪѩÿĿС
ԣ˻һ̵ĿⶸȻӥʱ񣬷·쵶ݺݵضŶлߡ
лüͷһ壬һ̣еĵЩ
лսңСŮֻǷӵܣʲ𡣡˻ؿлߣ˵
лͫһԭҲͣסˣӭ˻ʵĿ⣬һһ˵ľַش֮˻ʻǺúÿǿǣҶǳ츳ǿΣ񻹲ǱлұƵһܡ
ǺǣϷ˵лϾ֪˻ʵȻһЦȴǳ֮ɫ
лЦϾˣ޻˵ϾֻлʥвֵһһлҾиһңҶǳȻץϾţҲɱ֣վǵҡβعǰ
˵գл̧ͷ˻ʣ˵Ȱ˻ʻǿһҵ飬лҽףǶµ۹Ƕѩõѡ񡣡
˻лߣ֪Էвô죿
ѩ츳ǿǿùҶǳ
ҶǳҲֻڰ£ɸ¶棿
ǿޱȵ۹ѧԺǱл˵ˡ

˻в̾Ϣһ˲䣬˷·Ӳˡ
뵽ԼŮѩһǶֶѣױʧȥĸףǿ˶¯ںķм尾ʮꡣ񣬺òκ˺ӵ˺ȴлҵĿ顣
治֪ԼʲôӦԼŮϡ
˻Щ
ڴʱһҴЩʧ˻˻ʣҶǳ³ˣлҵİ˹Ӵˡ
ʲô˻˲𾪣û뵽ҶǳȻĸһ
һԵлȴ۾һ͵վЦúãˣҿ㻹ӡ
˵գҲżȥҶǳЦſһԵ˻˵˻ʣһȥλʵĴˣΣ
˻ʳã
ҲǼˣȾڿն̽ʶԶȥ
л߲صں棬˻ʻҶǳΪһµ۹ͳ׵лˣлҲع˼ӣֱǡ
˻ʾ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪѩӵ롣
ˣлţ·һо֮С
СȻܹϾţҲһ򣬿ӽһսʣϰ˵Ķ֡л߰뵽
һҲлϰˣлϰʵǻ
˻ʸϵֳʱɫʱһƬгŭ
ֻڲԶİУһ޴̨գһɫ̨С
̨֮УлϾŹԹԵشһԣɫѿ̨ڲϺлϰ˵Ҷǳ
̨⣬һȹƮƮѩֳƿ졣
ʵ̫ˡ
лϾź˸ûչ¶ʵѾս̨֣ȻͱҶǳᣬûһ㻹֮
ҲҶǳ̤˰˽򣬶лϰֻѣ̫ˣ޷ֲ
ŵܣô£ϰôױս̨֣лս̨Աߣŭ˵
Ȼ޲ϻɱҶǳȴ̤ս̨֮У³лϰһҡ
߸磡лϾſлߵ¶˷ܵɫ
˵⵽ô£лߵɫܲÿûֵظϲãϾһֵܻﱻҶǳһ
˻˵Ҷǳһܣת֮䣬ֵܾͱҶǳҲ̫ˣЩ߳ŭ


468 һս
߸磬˸硭̫ˣ
лϾӭлѯʵķŭĿ⣬ɵЦ
ʱ򣬸պÿлϰǿѩǿʲô˵Ҳ˵ϾԱߵ˻ʾվңҲܶлҵ
һ˵лҲˡ
˵ܵëˡ
ֵܾˣ˵ɫŮͲŹǷ֮еŮҲ֪˶١
û뵽ھȻעѩϣѵ֪׼͸лϴŮ
лЩɸֵؿ̨ϵлϰˣֱԼԼ͸ɫͷһѵ㣬ȰڳԵͷ˰ɡ
վԼֵܡ
л߿лϰѾڵˣ̨ҲѪɫǳѿȵס֣Ҷǳ
̨ϣҶǳͷлߺ˻ˣû֣ͣҳԽԽݣлϰѪĵڵϣ̫ˣŵһԵлϾɪɪԼ֡
ֱлϰҲҶǳ֣һץסͬһлϰˣ˳½ӡȻɫѿлǰһѶڵϡ
лҾеߣҶǳȻվս̨ϣ߸ߵظлߣӵζ
л߿ɲԸⱻҶǳӣͷ䶢Ҷǳһһ亮ס֣û𣿡
ΣֲҶӣҸĻҶǳߵɱεصлߡ
Ƿŭˣǰͺܷŭˣ³ǣͿлϰ׼ǿѩҪһѩ׾ͻˡ
ΪˣҶǳ֣º֣лϰ
ҲлϰԼʵԶս̨ôױս̨֣
õ
лߺݺݵҶǳɨ˵ѾȥлϰˣȻֿҶǳɭȻɸҳһս
Ҷǳ۾û˵
һԵѩȴǽеҲҽȥҶͬһսսҵӵܲһΪԼ츳˫ѵͬһսлҵʥһ˶磿
ѩȻǵҶǳԴó˼
ߣѩҲ׼лΪУл߳ŭɭɭضѩ
Ȼֿ˻ʡ
˻Ҷǳ¶һǸȻץסѩ˵һߣ˵ǵĶԹµ۹֣ȥ򣬱˵³ǵľ񡣡
ǰս̨֣Ҷǳлϰ˵սûκƻ
ûս̨ѹƣսʼǿߴսǾԻ׾ٵشݻ³ǣʱ϶
ʣѩ˻ţЩص
˻̾˿ЦǰﲻҶǳҲֻܿԼ
ѩҧȴ˵ԲںԼİΣǸأ³ǵأ
İɣһѣҵĶ֡ҶǳĿ͵ؿѩ
˵գҶǳս̨ؿлߣȻתųȥ
ȥһսҶǳߵ
ã֣лһЦ漴̤շ⡣
лϾŷлϰˣҲ˹ȥ
˻ʴѩҲ˹ȥ
³ڣһЩսʵϵǿߣڷ׷ǰŹս
ĸ߿УҶǳл߱˴ӣ˫ƶڲϵռ䶼Եúѹ֡
Ҷǳû뵽Ȼµ۹ʦ𽣻޴ˡҪǻңŲЩֱӶ㵽ȥˣлҲκβ㡣л߼Ц
Ҷǳߵȸ֪֮־Ҷǳȥ⣬ΪҪлңԼҪȥ˵ǰ֮ǰɱлҾҲΪѧԺѩޡ
ƾҲɱֵܾˣǴԲѡлŭһһҶǳսŰء
Ҷǳ۾һУЦлԽۣȻǰʩչƷѵ֪ӵ𣿡
һ䣬Ҷǳ˫ֺʮһ𣬽貣սޱߵķ۳һɫӡһ̫ɽǰлѹȥ
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ҶǳﵽԲ磬ƣʹսǰδеս
ͣ
һл߾͵ɳȥѪ硣
棬лϾŴ߸СģСӵﵽԲ磬ǧӲӲ
лѪѾĲ˵


469 
УҶǳʩչƣսѹסлߣʵνɲ⡣
սлϰ˺лϾɫѿû뵽Ҷǳʵﵽֵزֱ
߸磬ýлϰ˴
˵лҲӦˣȭţôҶǳĶ֡ϾҶǳﵽԲ磬ͨս
ԣлóһƷһҶǳ
۽ҽһͲлҲҶǳ״һжȻһѺڽЯƥ֮ƣһӭȥ
˵Ľײһ𣬼һϵеĻ𻨣âҫս졣
һ֮£˾Ȼʤȫ˿
л߿Լһȱڣɫʱޱȣ𾪵ؿҶǳѽƷʾȻҵĻҪһ
ЩţҪ֪ǳսҰҶǳһˣһɢޣôӵбҪõı
ˣһǽʸġл߶ȻҶǳݣĽͬʱֳ˼ʡ
ɲǱȽƷʣҲлҵĽʡлߴһʩչһأһҶǳ
ľ
Ҷǳһʩչľ򽣹ڴ߶һӳϾҶЩҶЯƥķâҪնأѿǳлߵ˺ѳƬ
Х죡лЦһһ̳צɱһХ춯أõ÷Բ˶е顣
ҶǳЩҶȫ÷飬Ǿŭ
ȷϧĻǲңҶǳɫȻη壬ٱ䣬˺գƥķâΧ۵ڡ
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ս磬ȻѾ˽⣡Զս˻ͫһȻ
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˻ʸ̾ǳΪ޵ı־һֻܱΪޣĽޣ佣ͬ޵С
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лҵĽҲôҶǳؿлߡ
лŭĨǵѪҺȵСӣղֻ㿴лҽ
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ȻڴʱлϵĽԽԽǿıһģӰǳĸߴ󣬶أɢһɳ⡣
Ȼǽû뵽߸ĽȻﵽһҶǳС䶨ˡսлϾŶʱЦ
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ѩԣʱˣͬʱӵ
УҶǳҲ˻ʵĻɫʱ
ѹл߱ǵģӰе־壬ԭлҵ棬һл塣Ȼֻǽһ˿־ĻҶǳҲٴˣֱĨԾɡ
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һĽҶǳлΪŰȥΧպ͵棬ȫиһƬƬ
ϣ֩ƵѺۣһֱ쵽˳ſڣԵôĿġ


470 и
в˽籩˺գһ˿淢ʲô
˰ΣЩɢ¶һǱҶǳŽڲţѪҺڴϢš
ҶǳĶ棬лߵӸңɫ԰ףѪһֻ첲飬еļƷҲˣֻʣһС
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ҶǳɫĬԷ˵ĲлߵʵһĻղһʵˡ
ΪղһѾǽڳˣ֮ͬУ˭ֵܵһλĽУ
Ҳֻо뽣ͬ档
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ҶǳоЩ˼顣
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꽣ţľѧȻؽֱ
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ʵ򽣹ڰʲô򽣹ڴ߶ǿĴԪնʵǽнΪһ壬Ӷγǿһ
ԪնΪУǵ˵ڰʱѾǰΪһ塣ĵھУǼǰİСŽֻʣǿһС
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ȻҶǳ򽣵ĺʱڽȥлߵ½ӡӭ˻ʡ
һߣлϾźлϰæܹлߣι˵ҩָơǲߣΪڶҶǳµĽӡֻҪҶǳһǶҪ·һ
ֵܾһһ߻ָƣһɫؿԶ˻ʽ̸Ҷǳ
߸磬ô죿
лϰ˺лϾſ򻺻лߡ
лɫûϵȻˣǻ硣ҶǳʵȻǿ󣬵Ҳˣǿһ㣬ܹɱһսʵĴڣǿˣһĶ֡
߸˵ĲȵҶǳ˽ǣȻͿԳնɱҶǳ
лϰɱߵģʵл߲࣬вҶǳҲһҶǳʵ
Ϊûע⣬Ҷǳս̨УҶǳһʵ̫ˣں޲óҶǳ⡣
ϣ˰ɣҾһﲻ򵥣ûеôҹǰлϾЩɵ˵ǳ׿͸ҶǳˣԷʵƺ߸硢˸綼ˣ治Ҳ˵Ļǻʲô

Զ˻пؿǰҶǳ˵ҶСѣû뵽̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿɳ̶ȡ
ǳлߺлϰˣǿһսʵĴڣȴȻܸҶǳ
˵ҶǳʵѾһսˡ
һ뵽ǰŲʮ꣬Ȼܹһ֮ƽƽоͳ˸пͲš
Ǻǣ˻ʹˣлҵı֮£벻ٳɳаҶǳǫ˵
漴ҶǳһԵѩѩѾսˣɵЦ˵ϲˣڵʵڳѾܸˡ
ҶԶˣͬ꣬Ҷ㶼ѾһһڳǻѩЦҶǳлߣԵ÷ǳġ
ѩȻȥɣʻлҪҶ˵Աߵ˻ʺȻڡ
ҶǴټѩȻЩ᲻뿪ҶǳǹԹȻȥˡ
˻ʿ˲Զɫл漴ͷųԼĻʵ򣬽ҶǳԼһ档
ɫɻҶǳ˻˵ҵĻʵ潻̸ġ
˻ʲôҪԸҶĳ𣿡Ҷǳɵʵ
˻ʿѩȥıӰǵлѾ֪ѩʣҪѩлҴˣҵԪѾˣҲ޷ѩϣܹѩ뿪³ǡ
ҶǳĬƬ̣漴ͷҴӦ㣬ҽл֮ѩ뿪


471 
仰Ҿͷˡ˻ԣʱο漴ӻȡһɢŽɫĹεĹ򣬵ݸҶǳ
ǣҶǳӹ¶ɻ֮ɫܹܵ洢ǿֱҲľѡ
˻˵ϼҵĹʱ򣬽һΪעŹ֮СϼҵĴұⶫϼҺޣҲƾͳһλսʡ
˵˻΢΢ϼҺ츳ǲģЩҲֻλʲҪõǣϼҳȴ⣬ңһаλ˻ʡԣʵλ˻ʵһϣһ֮
ҶǳԣɵýеĹ˻æ˵̫ˣ¡
˻ȴûн£֣صҲܰչѩⶫꡣ
ҶǳҡͷҺ͹ѣӦõģϼҵĴұͱζˡ
˻ԣһ˿ο漴Ц˵ʵҰҲ˽ĵģĵ̫ˣҵĵʱѩΣաԣʵҲҸӷһЩ
⡭Ҷǳ֪˵Щʲôˣ˻ʵ˼ˣзǳмɵɫᶨ˵ҴӦ㣬ֻҪһţѩͲ¡
ǺǣͶ˻ʲɵùЦ
Ҷǳһ֪̾˻ʵʱ䲻ˣҲڽ¡
Ҷǳлӡ˹˻ʽʹ

ҹˮɪɪ
һĴУҶǳϥ̫ӣâҫĵĽɫһɾڣΪ
˻˵ĲȷҪΪˣȻ޷лҽı
ۺˣҶǳг˸п
Ҳѹ֣ۼµ۹λ˻ʵĹλǳսʣôҲһмսˡ
ⶫƽһλ˻ʵĹҲҪʱС
ǶҶǳ˵ȴǺɣΪӵ̫
䣬жֵܹס̫̫Ŀֲ֮£еѸҶǳա
һϵʱ䣬Ҷǳһλ˻ʵĹΪӶսڽ˶սڡ
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ˣ滹ʣλ˻ʵĹҶǳţӦÿԼս硣
ò˵ȷһʡҶǳʱ䡣
֮Ҷǳպùûм
ΪѩˣһЩҪ졣
Ҷ磬Ӧȥֵġѩı˹Ѿʮ߰£һɫĳȹͬͯö
߰ɣҶǳЦŵ˵ͷ漴ѩһ뿪˻ʹ³ǷĽֵϹ
˵ҶǳȻһ³ǣϴΪҪμѧԺĿˣֱ׷ɱûԵ³ǵķ
ѩһ飬Ҷǳòп˳治ǧ۶䷱Ǻǡ
ǾҶǳ𣿡
˵лʵȼսʡ
һµ۹ʷǿš
Ҫܹ޸ʮҲԸ⡣

Ҷǳ̫ˣŹƬ̣ͱϳˡ
ΧȻҽӽҶǳԶָָ㣬۷׷ס
мŮĻѩһЩŭæҶǳ뿪Ҷ磬ˣǻȥɡ
ҶǳЦ
ѩصʹҶǳͶһ뿪ˡ
һεĿ꣬³ǶѧѧԺ
Ϊµ۹ѧѧԺǰǳ֣ҶǳǰϤĳأɵԼŵľ
촺ǵҲһˡ
ҶǳЦš
λΪ˾СҺүүǣҲΪ˱
촺ˣҶǳȻŹ
ֱǰѧԺȥҶǳûϢǽԼһǿϢͷų
ѧԺڸܵǹǿսϢҹ
ЩѧԺѧԱǣϳҶǳȻӲ·
עӵĿУҶǳһ̤ѧԺ
ѧԺλԺ껡촺ˣٴеؿԶӴ߽Ҷǳɫޱȵء
е촺嶼ڷΪ֪ҶǳĿģ϶Ϊ


472 һ
ҶǳԶԶؿŲԶλԺĮû˿顣λԺǰֻӣڣѾĶˡ
Ҷǳ˫֣һѲԼĽ
ǿϢѧԺŰţ˶еͬɽһѹ
˷ǳŭΪǾҶǳ̫ˣȫˡ
ڵҶǳȷʸˡ
ϾķǿΪǿʳ
ҵ˵һҪɱǷҪֹң֪˰ɣԽԽҶǳ촺ɫף˵
һԵİߵ겻飬ƫ콾ôǰλţѾΪѧԺһԺΪѧԺˡ
촺츳ٸΣµı¸ûѧԺ³Ұˣô˵ѧԺµ۹лˡ
ǿʶŭ
ˣ
ɫغǳʲôʱˣǻôɹز˵
Цܼ򵥣Ҷǳ˿϶촺ģֱӰȥˡ
촺ָŰıӴţܾˣҲΪѧԺ룬ƾʲô¾Ͱҽȥ
ֻһλŻˣΪѧԺ룬ǸҲûп漥
촺ŭˣ콾µĵӡ
Σ콾أְǣؼʱ̻ѧԺڷ絲𣿡Ц
㡭촺˵ȴֹˡ
һսʼǿϢ¶ֱӽԱߵİ촺ѹˣ˵ٳҾɱǡ
ھԵǰ촺˵ˡ
ְ
ʱҶǳѾߵǰؿǡ
촺ϴһ£ú߻䣬Աߵ껣Ҷǳ˵û뵽û㶼սʾˣϲˣԺ
ͷųսʼƣҶǳǰ˵ҶǳȻѧԺеᣬǺǲû׷ɱ㣬ˣΪ£
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ɫһ䡣
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׳գ
껺Ͱԣаһ
ȻҶǳԣЦҽͿܲɱ㡣
˵գҶǳָ̧һĽ
ս촺Ҷǳǰ֮ɱ
һߴӰȻ촺ǰһȭҶǳĽ
껣Ҷǳ˵촺дҲѧԺĸԺֻԺܴ
Ҷǳ俴һۣΪǵСҾͲ֪ѧԺģг𱨳жͻ촺ҽɱˣ껵ȻﲻҲҪһ
ŭЦãҵҪʲô£ȻлҵǱˣֻǿսʣսʡҾʶһ£սʺս֮Ĳࡣ
һ䣬гһɫĳǹǹɨһʯͷҶǳ
ͬʱ껵ĻʵҲҶǳѹռ䶼·ˣ˽ŵϢ
ҶǳĮؿ껣˵˵ˣֻһºҶԹһʹ
ŭһǹˣɢƥİ
һһսʵ۷һѾлһˡ
ȻҶǳֻǻ˻֣İУʱƾճһǧѽĻƽ𱦽һƬĽɱȥ
򽣾Ĳ㣡
Ҷǳڸµ۹·ϣѾ˴УպԽ
ʲô
껿ǰĻƽ𱦽𺳣ΪܵЩƽ𱦽ǼƷһǧѼƷжô𺳰
ͬʱҲһеĿ£ΪѧԺĽħһش˻ʣµġ
籩껴֪ԼҪƴˣһп¾ɱ
ɫĳǹߣΧγһɫħҶǳХ
Ȼһǧѻƽ𱦽ֱӽħƲغϡ
ۡͣ껲ҺһݺݵصɳȥײĴ
촺״ʱŵû
ڴʱһ޳Ӱн
촺һˣʱ˿˷ܵԺˡ


473 ̽
ѧԺԺһɫӣЩϢû˿©Ŀȴޱȵ䣬еķǡ
ҶǳɫصشŴˣһμѧԺԺǰֻ˵ԷţСԷΪǰλԺһλսʣʵɲ⡣
óս׵ĻҶǳڿûԸһλսʣƶԷ׾ѹ˫ʵܴ󣬾Ҷǳ̤˽Ҳ޷ֲ࣬Ѿʮˡ
Ҷǳ㲻Ǻ𣿺ܿɱҰ촺ѧԺԺ֣ʱһؿҶǳ֮ɫ
һԷ˵껡
Ҷǳûȥ껣˵ܹסһҵĶԹһʹȻҪұʱӭһξͲһôˡ
ƺһû˵ҶǳĶ֣Ժ͸ӲܴùҶǳֱѰ·
촺СҶǳʼնûж࿴һۣĿصؿǰѧԺԺҪֹң
ѧԺԺ˫֣ɫȻ˵촺ԲǰĵϵܹԲǰĶݣԵһ
˵գѧԺҶǳ˵Ѿлңһлڵ㣬Ȱ㻹ǲҪټѧԺĵ̫࣬ҲԽ졣
ƽевȴԶ
Ҷǳܵһ˿ɱ⣬ѧԺһš
֪ԷǼɵĵƣ˵ëмɵ˻ʣ¶ԷҲͻɱ
ҪҶǳɱ촺ǲܵģóһѺڽضѧԺԺ˵Ȼ֪ҵлңôѧԺлȣʲô
ѧԺȷԶԶȲлңȴԶԶлҾ
ѧԺԺһ䣬ϵϯսʵƣһ籩ŰأðѸٺˡ
ûг֣ѧԺԺǿĻʵ򣬱ѾҶǳѹסˡ
Ƭʵ֮УҶǳо¶Եó·𱳸һɽһЩ
껵ĻʵѧԺԺĻʵһȣǼֱϺʹĲֵ࣬һᡣ
ݣ
ҶǳҴ⣬ʩչ򽣾һǧѽɫı˺գЯżƷǿϢֵѧԺԺĻʵ
ѧԺԺҶǳһǧѼƷͫ΢΢һ漴̾ܽ򽣾Ĳ㣬ȽħҪˣǽħڴˣҲҵĶ֣ο㡣
˵գѧԺԺһ̤ʱӿһƬɫ磬ſ˰գɢž޴ѹȸС

Զ澪ѧԺԺĳ
ҶǳҲܵ˾޴вԥس֣һǧѽɫŶѧԺԺɱ
ѧԺԺһЦޱߵĻ֣Ҷǳ
ȭڴʱһӰȻҶǳǰһȭʵϢһɫ˳ȭͷѧԺԺɫ硣
ѧԺԺ״ɫʱ䣬˲Ҷǳæӭ
ûᣡҶǳ״۾һУæеһѽɫ˺գһֻ촺
㡭촺ؿڵѪŵصҶǳû뵽ѧԺԺǰҶǳȻҲɱ
ϧվˣֻЩĿ
ʱѧԺԺҲסɫӺ˰벽ĮضǰͻȻҶǳǰˣȻǳˣ
˻ʣ³ǣҲֻܹסѧԺԺ
˻ʿǰѧԺԺһ̫̾ʧˣ
ߣѧԺԺɫһ䣬漴һתȥ
˻ɫӵؿȥıӰ漴Ҷǳ˵߰ɣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˻ȥ
Ȼصʹʱ˻ɫһ죬ǰһ㣬̲סһѪ
˻ʣҶǳɫ䣬æס˻ʡ
˻ʰ˰֣ȻЦǲǾ̫ˣƴһУˡ
ҶǳȷЩɻ˵˻ԪǱϾսʵʵӦûôŶԡ
ֻ˻̾ϢǵõҸ˵ѩ׼ǿΪ¯𣿡
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
˻ʼ˵ʵǸʱҾѾ׼ǿشЩҶڹӲд㶯֣ԲѧԺԺҰղһУҲǳ͵ϮĻᣬƴȫˣԼҲΪһжѹƲסԼƣҹҼֲ˶ˡ
˵˻ٶȿѪɫЩס


474 
˻ʵĻҶǳɫһǸԲұƵǰ֣Ѿ˰ɣ
˻԰˰֣ҡͷ̾ûһγ֣Ҳ˼꣬ΪĴڣҿ͵ϮһΣӶشͨղһУ϶͸ҵûϵѾشʱǲˡ
ҶǳĬƬ̣漴ʵ㻹ֶܼã
һµʱ䣡˻ɫ׵˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ھͳȥһһϻѩ뿪
ȥأŽлӦòĶ֡˻ǿЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ȥʹлߡϰ˺Ͼ˳ͳҹɫ뿪ˡ
ѧԺѧԺԺҹգƺӦ
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476 
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479 ɱ
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Ҷǳһһǧѻƽ𱦽ʱ˻ơɫȻѹȴѹס
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ͬʱлҲὣɱҶֲţΪҲ֪ơɫɱҶǳֻǿסҶǳ򽣾ѡ
ݣҶǳٴʩչ򽣾ûãٿסԷĻơɫġ
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֮ҶǳȻľﵽ˵һΡֹˮ磬ǿޱȣܹһãһá
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Ͼһλս޵еĽվڽ۷Ǹڡ
ͬʱҲս½޵еľ

ҶǳԽ񣬵ǽɳˣͬǵƽһȴԶڵ
ϾлʵԶԶǿлߡ
һӶϿյĿռ䶼Ťѱ˷ڽıģ塣
˵Ҷǳ򽣾ԲٿһǧѱôʱĽȴѾڲٿѱˣҶǳѡ
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ͬʱҶǳĴԪնҲͽľһˡ
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480 ȫɱ
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482 
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Ҷǳ漴С뿪ѩɭ֣Ȼֱǰ³ǣ׼ѩ뿪㷵ХԨ
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483 
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485 ֮Σ
ǰͻȻ˻ʣҶǳв̾һ֪˻ǻعⷵˣ˶ñҪˡ
˻ƺҲ֪Լ˫ĿҶǳӿ˵Ҷǳ߳µ۹Ҿһֱڹע㡣˵ҿųɳģ֪гΪ۷ǿߵʣĽԻʦ𽣻ʻҪԻ͡
ѩȻȥ׼ң֪׼壬ǿ϶ѩս𼶱Ȼ׼ӲŻȡѩڵĺʱ䣬Ҫʮꡣ
˻Ҷǳ۾˵ʮһԴ׼ѩ𣿡
Ҷǳؿǰ˻ʣǿ׼ҰսңһĴǿսңʵҶҲ
һ˶ǰ׼ң׼ǿߵƤѩ˻ó
ǰعⷵգ˻ʣҶǳ̾һ漴Ŀᶨص˵ͷ˵ҷһᰲȫѩ
лл˻¶һ˿οЦݣ漴۾ȥˣֻΪѩΪˣżôá
˻Ҳ֪Ҷǳ׼ѩжôѣ⼸һɵ񣬵Ѿû˿ֵиˣֻѡҶǳ
㰲ϢɣӦ飬һɵġҶǳǰȥ˻֣һƬ̫ʱϯȥ˻ʣеϵʬ壬ȫյøɸɾ
Ҷǳת뿪գʧƺ
µ۹ˣû˻ʣûѧԺԺû˻ӵܣ϶ѳһЩȻ۹Ͱл۹̲Ҳпܵµĵ۹
һУѾҶǳ޹ˡ

ɽ֮ǡ
Ҷǳ뿪µ۹֮󣬱СҴԽ˺ɽ֮ǡ
ֻ˳㿴յĺѰˡ
ս½ζ֮ޱ֣ǿﲻ
ҶǳߣǣСҵ֣Ϥĵ·Żǰȥ
ִǰפ֮ҶǳֻǰפѾòûһ˵ϢңսۼѾ˼ˡ
ô£Ҷǳɵüͷ
ЩչɡƸӵİΣˡ
Ҷǳ͸չһսеȡöԷʵ˻ǰôŪıפأ
ΪҸӵİΣҶǳϴСǰ֮ǵĽǶҵͬ׽Ƕ衣
һȻת֮䣬ɢһŮζһ·ΧȺĿ⡣
һֺϤĸоҶǳǰҶǳ촽ջ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц裬þò
㵽˭üͷһ塣
ҿȡ˰ʤҶǳЦ
㣡Ҷɫһ䣬ֻ˵һҶ֣ϱˡضҶǳ˵ôˣ
һЩѣƺЩʧҶǳ̾
ƺ뵽ʲô漴ȸﲻǽ̸ĵط˵꣬תǰ·
ҶǳС档
ֵȺҶǳˣ߽һӡ
Ҷǳǰӣ浽Ů£ɫģָĿɿڴ
һԵСͨ졣
ȴû⣬ЩȻҶǳһۣЦܰʲô⣬ֱ˵ɡ
֪ǰô£Ҷǳֱʵ
һԤϵӣԻ˵꣬뿪֮ǺչʵǰΪ֮ǵеȼ塣ڼǰǰȻȼˣ𰲸ʵһٴﵽսΡ
𰲸ȻΪսҶǳЩţ壬ֻʣ𰲸һЩ˵ıˡ
ʱҶǳҲû⣬Ͼ𰲸ûʲô츳һӶδػΪսû
ȻһȻһת۾ͽսٶȱҪ죬ֱ˼顣
սҲЩ˼˵ʱ֮ǵ˶ˣҼǵþԽӼҲһԾΪϵȼ塣
ǰǱģҶǳɫʱˣͻǰĹϵ˫Ѿǲˣչɸûʲô³ˡ
ͷ𰲸֪ô˵˳Ȼڳ˻ǰץסչɸӡ
ץסҶǳ۾һ漴ϲ˼ǣ𰲸ûɱչɸӣ
ɵʱȷûɱչɸӣ˵Ҫĥչɸӣø׺үүѩޡڹȥ˼£Ҳ֪չɸӻûС


486 ޱ
ûɱͺãٻһ˿ϣҶǳĻвһϲ
漴Ҷǳǡ
ҧҧ촽ҶǳѵСĵ㣬𰲸ս㲻Ҫ嶯ˡ
ѵû˵ҿսʶɱҶǳһЦ
ʱסˡ

뿪˽ǶҶǳ˼ҿջСҰȵҹɫһƬڣҶǳŶԳȥǱȥ
֮һֵĳǳأҹҲޱȡ
𸮣ǰܶ࣬ռǳһȻ
Ͼڵ𰲸һλս֮ҲǶǿߡ
Ҷǳ𸮣סԼȫϢ˷֡
ҶǳЩǣ𸮲ûжǿߣֻһսӦþ𰲸ʣµıһЩ˺ʵԺԲơ
˿̣𰲸ڵ棬вŮҡҷˣЦޱȻ֣һŵ
Ҷǳɵҡҡͷ𰲸ӣôڶ̶̼ڽս磿ֱ˼飬Ӧǿ
ѹԼǱôãԷûз֣ʵ̫ˡ
ûд𰲸֣ҶǳȻȥץסһͷ죬вԼȥѺչɸӵ
ʵϣûʲôֻһңܷ⣬ֻһͨչɸӱ㱻Ѻ˵в˰أҶǳ׽һ˿춼ûз
Ҷǳ߽ңڿչɸӡ
һҶǳʱסˣȻðɡ
Ϊ˿̵չɸӣʵ̫ˡ
ֻǰһ޴ľͰ棬չû˫ۣû˫ȣһ˹Уһ˫͸žĿ⣬ѾһϢˡ
չɵԱߣƵ˫ֺ˫űִţǽڵϣ˫ͬɫ԰ףͷġȻûһƣ˶·һһ۾գһ¡
ﲮ
֣
Ҷǳһסеľŭæ
ǽǣһ۾գһ£ȻѾˡ
ھͰչɣȴǿ̧ͷһ˫ԭѾӣȻҶǳ԰׵϶ʱһ˿˼顣
ҶҶֶ
չɵֻʣһˣֻΪԼӣһֱţûȥ
ﲮңҶǳæչߣƷļϣԼھݹȥ
ȻҶǳȴﲮڵľѨѾˣѾ;ƿݵĵزֻʣһˡ
ð׷ˣչҡҡͷ˵
ҶǳĹע£ɫЩ죬Ҷǳ֪ǻعⷵա
ﲮҶǳˡ
˵ҵʱѾˡչɵԴ𰲸ǻǰǸڴ˺㵱СƵ棬þֶĥҡСƿܿ࣬ȴΪһʼķŭʹޣٵڵ
չ̧ͷҶǳг󣺡ֶӦңһҪκСơ
ҴӦ㣡Ҷǳҧ˵
ããչɵ˵ͷ漴Ҳ¶ЦݣЦЦͺȻͣסȻԴһᣬʧȥϢ
ﲮҶǳ
չɵϢѾʧˣֻʣһ߱ʬ塣
ǰޱȵչɣҶǳ۾͵һᡣ
һΰĸף˻һΪԼĺӣֵжô޴
ﲮ㰲ϢɣһκֵġΣҶǳ˻֣ų̫𣬽չճɻҽ׽ѡ
Ҷǳǰ֣֣
Ȼһɫ㶣˫кҶǳΪѾˡ
֣
ƣ
ƣѣ
ҶǳץסƵ˫ۣҡûá
ƵѾˣֻʣһ߿տǣһˡ
鷳ˣҶǳüͷĴģûҩʯá
ߣ֣ʹȥ𣡡Ҷǳ漴նץƱȻ߳˵ҡ
𸮴ʱѾһƬΪ˷˵ǰˣԶһȺΧ˹Ϊ׵𰲸
𰲸Ҷǳ߳ңɫʱһŭȵ˭𸮵ң𣿡
𰲸㲻ϵ𣿡Ҷǳ̧ͷĿ⣬Ƶһ𰲸֮ӡ
ǡ𰲸ͫһ漴г֮ɫҶҶǳ
㻹ϵңҶǳһ̧ƣһժ֣գѹ𰲸
Ҷǳ⣬ڵңѾս𰲸һһǿϢ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ȼժѹʱ𰲸ֻʣ¾֡


487 ǳ
ôᡭ
𰲸ɴ۾ţҶǳ̧һֻƣͰѹˣӴذڵϣҲѲ

ΧĻǶʱһƬңһҶǳĿУ˿־塣
Ƿǳ𰲸һλսȴѹжôǿʵ
𰲸Ҷǳһƺ𰲸ѪȻһ̤Դ棬𰲸ԴС
Ҷǳ㲻ɱңҵһŹġ𰲸ҧгݵ˵
ҶǳԻȻЦԭһΪôôͽս磬ԭǳǸϹǿģҲķȫǱⱲ㶼ᱻս磬޷һˡ
𰲸ԣͫһŵصҶǳ㡭ô֪ҵڣ
һ֪ѹںʯ棬ߣ㻹вңɱôˣһҶǳмߵ
Բѣ𰲸ԣһ漴Է̵Ȼڱӡˣܿͻӡ˼ѾΪսˣʱҪɱ㣬һָ㡣
ϧ㿴һˣҶǳЦɱ
𰲸ͫһæɱңҿ԰飬һ
̫ˣҶǳһŲȥֱӾͽ𰲸Դˡ
Ȼ𰲸ս˳ȥ
ժ֣Ҷǳһʩչժֻ֣޴ƣƾճ֣𰲸սġ
ҶǳҼѾԸ֮ǳӴǸɱң֮ǳƹġ𰲸Ĵ
ҶǳƤһ֮ǳӴûмǴĻ֮ǳǡˣѵʼˡɲһϢ
ս𼶱ǿڣǳֵĻʾǰӡˡ
ԲһϢǳʣǡҶǳĵˣв͸ˡ
뵽Ҷǳ𰲸ģֱӳս꣬Ȼתͷˡ
﷢һУܿ𸮵Ļ˳
죬ʹ֮ǣֻܽܳ
ͬʱɳڳѲҶǳƵ١

ջС
СڸιԣͻȻˡ
үСҿҶǳ
û£裡Ҷǳ˵գִ˷ţ˽ٹš
迴һۣЩһ㶣漴̾úõһ꿡ܣĥӣҰҲãʶ㣬ˡ
Ҷǳںûʲô
̾˿漴ҡͷ˵ˣɱ𰲸Ū֮ǷзڳѾǳأҪȥѡ
ҶǳüԼаӳȥǴͲˡ
ӳȥ迴Ҷǳ֮ǵĳһλǿսʣһգ϶ᱻ֪ġ
֪ʲôս𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ô֪ǾԱ۹˻Ҫǿҡͷ
Ҷǳ뿪ȥ۹ǡ
԰һۣŰ۵˫ۣϸֱĴȣ˵ƾʲôҪ㣿֮ǰչɸӵ䣬Ҳֻһ㽻顣ǣ֮ǳΪУǰ㣬Ժô֮ǻ죿ҽ鲻ΪʲôҪô۰㣿
ҶǳԲ÷ص˵ͷ˵˵Ĳȷװðհңһʥ׽սıꡣ
˵꣬Ҷǳóһʥ׽ս衣
ʥսһжʱһ˿֮ɫû뵽Ҷǳһֱʥս껹Ǵľˡ
£Ķˣͷ˵ãҴӦˣϾʹǳһᰲźһС
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴һ񣺡ñˣҪɱ㣬㵽㶼Ӳ
⻰ģҪٱ㣬Ͳˡһת뿪ˡ
Ҷǳû⣬֮޹ʣҲֻѡˡңǴˣġ
Լʻջ棬ҶǳƺСȻ£
һһߵ㻹ڳһ죬ͲԣŪһ󶯾뿪֮ǡ
ףҶǳ˵꣬ȥ


488 ս
֮ǡ
Ҷǳ֮󣬱ŴվһӶˣųĺ½
󣬴졣
Ҷǳɽż֮ǵĳʵǿٶȱҿ첻˶١ɽżʵĹ԰ңʵҲܹͨʵĿ飬õʣµı
ҪƺС뿪֮ǣͱ֮ǳҶǳһ컹ڳڣ֮ǾͱǾͳȥ
ϣ֮ǳʵҪ̫࣡
Ҷǳ뵽
֮ǵĳӦñǿ˶٣ϾԷǵˣҪǺǿĻ϶ϣ˵ע⣬Ӷ¶ЩսҵĹ
Ҫ֪˲սҳǵʬ壬ЩսҿɶǺ޵ҧгݣһ֪֮ǳǵˣ϶Ź̶ǣ
ͶһѰɣ
Ҷǳͺһڿնһ̤չȵ̫Ӷһֻԡķˡ
̫һ֮ϿնյͨһƬԭڵҹ˲ޱȡ
찡
ʲô
Ƿ𣿡
ҿˣ

֮ģ́ͷ
һЩѾ˯µˣˡ
ʵҶǳ̫̫ҫ۶Ŀˣ˫չ˲䳯ǰȥһһõĺۼ
˾ôܲע⣿
һŪһ㶯Ȼôسȥ
һֵϣҲ̧ͷеҶǳ㵺𺳡
Ҷǳˡ
䣡
ڴʱһǿϢӳķ򱬷ϯ֮ǡ
˲䣬֮ǵǶܵһѹֵϢǿѹ˾ѡ
ǳ
о
漴˿һӰ̤նٶ죬Ҷǳ׷ȥ
ƣ
ʱҶǳһƺǴﵽԲչɣɫĹâۣһ޴¶ǰһɫӡ
أ
ǰĺΰǽ˲飬ֻһ޴ӡ״
Ҷǳ֮˴˫ᣬһɳ죬ʧҹ֮С
Ҷǳ֪㣬ˡ
ڰ֮УһӴźɫۣ𺣬ǴЦ֮ɫҶǳ棬ٶȷǳ졣
֮ǳ
սʣ
Ҷǳûлͷȴ֮ܵ˵ĿֲϢ
ǳԽѧԺԺǿߣһλսʡ
ǣҶǳ𾪵ͬʱҲ˿
սʣڿԿģ㴩ϳսҲֵ˶á
ǣԷʵûг̫࣬ļ٣ڶԷ׷֮ǰϵɽż
ֻеҽսټϳսףܶԸ
Ҷǳа롣
ͬʱȫ߶ӿٶȣɽż
ҶǳӲġ
֮ǳں׷ͬʱȵҶǳʵҲú̸̸
ʲô̸ģҶǳЦ
֮ɭЦӦ֪ҵݣлңֻмǣܲлҡ
У˵ĺǿԶԸлƵģбȥлҿҶǳ
֮ǳߵлҲ֮ˣǼֻһлҵ磬Ҵԣ棬ǵɲлҡʵϣǵҲֻǼɵЩӵǿսңЩֻһսңǵɲǲ١
ߣǵսұҿɶö࣬ǣ׷ɱҵ˾͸ࡣҶǳЦ
֮ǳɫҶǳıӰɱȻˣôҾҪɱ㣬𰲸𡣡
ߣһսõôҿǲʽԲҪɱҵİɡҶǳм
֮ǳͫһô֪ʣ
һ֪ӡʲôطǵ˸ҾҾͰϢЩսңʱǵһ򾡡ҶǳЦ
ҽ͸ӲܷŹˡ֮ǳ׷Ҷǳ˫Ŀ죬еɱԽԽǿҡ
ҶǳȻ֪ʵ飬Щ֮⡣
һҪɱҶǳ
֮ǳ뵽
ԶһƬɽɽȵ˷
Ҷǳ۾һǺɽż
Сʲô֮ǳҶǳЩɽżʱüͷһ塣
漴ͿҶǳһͷ˻ɽҽ֮С
Ҫƾҽ𣿡֮ǳЦһ漴սȫҲ˷ڵҽ֮С


489 
սʾ磬սѾʯʻΧҽ¶ȺܸߣҲ޷в֮ǳ
ҽĴڣҲ֮ǳٶȡ
෴Ҷǳڽҽ֮ٶȲûм٣Ϊֻ̫¶ȱҽҪߵö࣬ʹҽˮ
ǣҶǳ֮ǳľԽԽ
̫𡭡СӣٶȾٿ죬ҽҲеײġ֮ǳһ׷Ҷǳ
˵ǱΧѹҲԭԽ
뵱Ҷǳëһν˵ʱͱѹѹ
ҶǳѾһλսʵսսʣټﵽԲ磬ѹͲںѹ
ҶǳǱٶȺܿ죬׵ȣڵ˵ûκѹֻһСʱʱִĿĵء
һϤΰżҶǳǰ
һҰĹӴޱȣһɽ״ǽϸǵһЩͼΣһԲεĹ֣ʹҽ޷롣
ҶǳһΣ֪󷨹ֿԵֵסսǿߵ֣Ƕսʼµ˵ȴͬֱӽС
ˣҶǳֱ̫ӽǰĹ֮С
Ȼ󷨹ֲû
Ҷǳһ㴩󷨹ĻҰĹǰǰˣһһͨĿ顣
Ҷǳ
ϿղԶڵҽ֮У֮ǳŭ
䣡֮ǳչ󷨹赲˲Ҷǳ
ûõģ󣡡Ҷǳ󷨹֮ǳһЦ֮ɫ
֮ǳɫشǰ󷨹Ļۿ΢΢һɭȻЦԭܵΪ赲ңѵҪһӴҪʱҪҸץס
ȴɣȽȥ˯һˣ·ôãˡҶǳϷŰؿһ֮ǳȻת빬

֮ǳ߳ŭҪҶǳǿǰ󷨹֣Ҳֻʵʵش档
ҾͲСӻԶ棡֮ǳ۾ǰĻҰ

ڡ
ҶǳϤĵ·ȥһ飬Ȼǵá
ţأ
ȻҶǳֹסɫɵؿǰȡ
ûмǴĻӦһƬŶԣҲǿźסŰȫضɹȥˡ
ڣǰֻһƬѵȣûһ˿ĺۼ
ôƾʧ
Ҷǳɫأȣһʯǰ
ʯѾ飬öֱ֣߽ʯţһƬĹ
ţҶǳ㿴ڶʯš
һʱʵڶʯţ޷õĴб
ڡ
ҶǳǰѾʯţɫʱѿ
ˣ
Ҷǳͫҧ˵
ʣˡ
Է˵ڶʯţôı
Ҷǳɫؿ첽ڶʯţȻУŵڿȥʱһ
ͬһвټӣһЩӣǿŵġ
ȻǸһˣѾı
˭
Ҷǳüͷ塣
󷨿սʼǿߣѵս𼶱ǿˣ
ףǣ
ȻҶǳڹ棬һѵʬǣʬǰڷһšдţᴫУͽɹݡ
Ҷǳ˹ȥӦǻµģΪͽõġ
ŵԱߣһּսɽġɷ裬Ծһ˵
Ǻǣְ֣Ҫͽ㱨ȻҲںһˣվ׼ˣЩҾջ׼ˡ

Ҷǳʱһ𾪡

ʵֵܣ׼ҵһӣҲ׼ҵļ
ʱǱݺԵ׼֮λյ²
Ҷǳû뵽λ׼ҼȻҵ˱ıù
ǰ֪ˣӦðѶǰĹͲñǼһˡҶǳЦ
ûʵıΪȻ֮ǳȴû뵽˵ѾǿһƬ
һ˰
ʱҶǳǰţǰһʬǣ̾ϢҲգȻûеõȫУǵҲܹĺôͰһݰɣϣܹھȪ֮°Ϣ
˵꣬ҶǳǰŹ¡
ǰùʵĺôʵʬǣӦһݡ
ǲ
Ȼֻһ졣
Ҷǳɫʱһ䣬ֻоϥһգ˶ȥ


490 
ǻأ
ǳ׵Ļأȴʵá
ҶǳĴ֮󣬱еǰһǰ治ԶһɫĻ汻ӡţΧ¶Ȼߡ
ǻ֣
Ҷǳ۾һ
ǻ֣һĻֵ֣Щǿ󣬲̫١
ѵ
Ҷǳ˲伤
ʼΧ
úǰĵϣһּ
Сӣܹ˵أ˵İΪʦһΪʦ͸ĻԵǷܣͿԼѡˡ
Ȼǻµġ
Ҷǳ֮üͷһʾȻ˺֡
ղǸصĻأȻЩףȴǿųһЩĵز֮
ĴԵȻϣİԼΪʦͽܣԲŲǸء
Ȼ˵أʹݣôܣ
ԣҲûзˡ
һ尡
ԭΪһˣȴû뵽õı
Ҷǳ֮ɫ
ܻʵЩﱻˣЩǰȴǲ̫Զˡ
޿ɱ⣬޼֮
ҶǳǰտտЩ˷ܵ˵ΪӦÿɵˡֻҪɹҵΪȻ֮ܶ࣬ǳڻ¡
νɽǰ·˵ıҶǳʱ
ΪҪ֮Уȴû뵽õֱĻԵ
ϾҶǳˡ塷ÿһʵǿࡣ
Ҷǳ׼λȥëķ˲𣬵ôʱͲëķ˲𣬵ԺΪǿʱɣôʵͻøǿˡ
֮ǳţδҹζ࣬Ϊ˵
Ҷǳǰȥ⿪ӡųǰһ
ͣ
һųΧ¶ȶʱĸӸߵģҶǳã̫¶ߵĻ֣¶Ȼں
ͬʱҶǳڵ̫ͺҲӳ
ݣ
ҶǳϳֲֵԼĻ֣ʱܵΣæԱ߳ȥ׼ߡ
ϧ̫СˣҶǳһץȥڵ̫ͺһԹԱץ˻
Թҵɣ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ϥʼɡں
һḶ́ϾôںϵģҶǳˣԸеļѡ
ҲΪΣҶǳѾ˾飬оա
ͣ
Ҷǳȫ¶ڱʴ
Ƥȫͨ죬ȼϡ
ҶǳսΪɵҲҪﵽսС
ֻΪлõ嵤ǿԺž磬ܹǿɵ
ںϰɣ
Ҷǳʹͺš
ڲų⣬Ǻںϡ
ʱҶǳ֮£ϵرǿš
䣡
ҶǳԲͻˣﵽһӸľ硣
һ˲䣬Ҷǳ嶸ȻθɣһˣȫȼŷڵĻ棬ǿͷųڲ
ҶǳֿʼСһӤС˶ͬһλһ㣬һԾ֮䣬ѾصĴ֮С
ص֮ҶǳٶȻָԭţֱֱСػ˼ΣҶǳŻָԭ
ǡС⡯̫ˡ
ҶǳЦ
һ磬ǴС⡣
ﵽ磬Ѿܹսһսˡ
Ҳ˵Ҷǳڼʹпսһλսս
ǳֲһսܴﵽز
ǿټսΪԻ֮ǳˡ
Ҷǳš
֮ﵽˡС⡯磬ΪҲһΣﵽս
ս˫˫Ҷǳ֮ǳսʲô
ҶǳǰĻʬٴΰ˰ݣת뿪
ôãҲҪ뿪ˣϾʱˣһ֮ǳϵǿ߹ˡ
СӣҪ𣿡
⣬֮ǳ߳ҶǳʱǲûЯʳԼ棿
ʳкֻܶ࣬ɱ㡣ҶǳһЦȻ֮ǳ𾪵ĿУֱ߳󷨹֡


491 ֮
ɱң
֮ǳ΢΢һ漴ЦҶǳĿ˼֮ɫ˵ҪɱңûɣսףȻ̤ս硣
֮ǳʱҲҶǳΪս磬ʱЩ죬Ҳû̫ţԼʵš
Ц츳ȥһ˾ͽս磬϶õʲôôɣΪһΪܻ𣿡
֮ǳһҶǳЦսʣ֮ŸΣ̤Ž򣬲ʸҿ⡣Ž򣬺ٺ٣ʱҲֻҶҵľΪǾӰ
˵֮䣬֮ǳ󷨹ǰѾסҶǳĻ·
ȻһҶǳӽ󷨹ˡ
ҶǳûҪӣóڽָ֮ǳһǿĽ֮ɫһ䡣
⣡
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ɱ
ҶǳϻֱӻӶڽɱصĺڽսĹע£ͬһɽһɢųصѹȸС
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ɣ
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Ȼ㲻ԸǵǾͳΪǵһʬɣ֮ǳʤ׷䣬ɭ
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֮ǳ𾪵صɴ۾Щš
ҶǳȻһԲٿô౦ҿЩƷʣԶǴﵽ˼Ʒĳ̶ȡ
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򽣾Ĳһɡ
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֮ǳɫһ䣬ķˡ
ҶǳĺڽĲӡ
Сӣ㳹ŭˡ֮ǳŭһȻһƾķҶǳĺڽһƺҶǳԴҪҶǳԴϡá
ȻڴʱҶǳ嶸ȻСʹ֮ǳûҶǳԴ
㡭
֮㵣漴ƺʲôͫ׶ʱһ
䣡ҶǳʱƱúܴһ޴ɽ壬ͷųõĽɫԣһ֣ݺݵײ֮ǳϡ
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Ҷǳﵽ˴С⾳磬ǿʩչһƷҲ͸ˡ
ͣ
֮ǳѪɳȥݺݵˤڱ󷨻档
С⾳磬ȻѾﵽ˴С⾳磬ôܣ֮ǳǵѪҺŵصҶǳ
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ܹĶ٣ﵽС⾳ģǾ͸ϡˣֻһЩսܹӵǿû뵽Ҷǳһ˾Ȼһ֮ЩսҵʥǶҪǿ
ձڣ
Ҷǳὣٶɱ֮ǳҪŶԷˣһٻɱ
˽û뵽Ѿ̤˰˽ҶǳǶСˡ֮ɫޱȣóԼһƷҶǳ
ݣ
򽣾
һǧѻƽ𱦽ɱ֮ǳ
ͬʱҶǳҲӶڽȫսϵغ֮ǳ
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֮ǳѪԽԽأʵŭǴ˵ҽѹһʵӵа˽Ҳܻҡ
Ҷǳû˵ֻǷų̫Χҽ¶ߡ
֮ǳɫһ䣬Լ׳գȻҶǳ


492 ɱ
ҶǳЦ֮ǳǰ׳գȻɵԼ
׵ȣȻѹ֮ǳս˵㲻ʲôΧȷڵҽȴǲ֮ͣǳս
ҶǳΪԲΧҽ֮ǳûֻսôսҲͱˡ
֮ǰҶǳû뵽һ㣬ڱ֮ǳˣȻҪų̫ʹΧҽ¶Ҳ˷֮ǳ֮
ͣ
Ҷǳ̫һȵĻʹΧҽӷˣΧ¶Ҳڲϵߡ

֮ǳѣˣҽ¶ߣսԽԽɶҵġ
䣡
ҶǳûӴ󹥻ȡ
֮ǳоΣɫһ䣬ȻŻɽȥ
Ҫ뿪˵أϾҶǳսܲ
ңﱻҶǳشˣӶӲǵͲһˣıҶǳˣҲߡ
Ҷǳ
ǲܵģ

ҶǳзɳһƵĻơɫģлĲȱʥȻǲȱģվһʥԶڼƷ֮ǳѪɡ
ͬʱҶǳҲȫ߶ϵĳսףʹսﵽ۷״̬
һ̣嶸Ȼθߣͬһˣһ֮̽ܵǳ
ժ֣
Ҷǳͺһ
սͬǳһľ޴ƣЯޱߵȻ棬֮ǳġ
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Ҷǳ׷ȫ䣬һɫۡ
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˫ԣ֮ǳҺһ˶صײĻɽʯϣɽʯڶùѿҽڿ񱩣ɽ·Ҫˡ
Ҷǳ״ɫ΢΢һ䣬æŻɽȥɲ뱻㲻ҲҪһƤ
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Ҷǳϳʱ򣬺洫ݵ
ҶǳͻƵС⾳֮ҲǳֲٶȺܿ죬׵ľ룬ܿͳ˳ȥ

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ͬʱɽȥΧĵҲѿ
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䣡Ҷǳ漴ٿػơɫģ֮ǳ
ʥֲ֮ͬܿǳѪ
ҶǳģǵŹġ֪֮ԼˣҶǳĿԹ֮ɫš
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Ҷǳߣֱ֣֮ǳɱȻų̫𣬽ʬ嶼Ϊҽ
ϾֶЩ죬˭֪Ǵ֮ǳʬ󣬻᲻ǿĿܡ
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Ͼնɱһλսʣ̫гɾ͸ˡ
ȻⲢҶǳӵԽżսܹɱ֮ǳҪ֮ǳˣս
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Ȼս׺ͻơɫĵİҲС
֮ǳЩսңսôҶǳͲܻɱԷˡ
֮ܶҶǳǰ˽ֻǳ˽򣬱֮ǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
ЩսҵȣҶǳΪȲ֮⣬츳ɲѷɫˡ


493 
ɱ֮ǳ֮ҶǳһЩ˵ҩ͵ػָһƣϸϻ֮ǡ
ʱ֮ѾԼʻ޳ѾСҺ뿪֮ǡ
Ҷǳ֮ǰԼǰ·ߣĴٸȥܿͷˣɵýٶ¡
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迴Ҷǳʱϲɫ
˵ʵͦҶǳģϾǿ֮ǵĳһλǿսʣǿߡ
ʱҶǳϻ˿
үСҲ˵ش֮̽ͷ
ҶǳЦζлˣǾʹ˷ֱɡ
㻹飬ūˡЩԹصҶǳһۣҶǳܲˣϾֵַٸˡ
ǺǣԵټˣ͸һϢ֮ǳѾɱˣ֮ǻᷢޱ䣬Ȱ㻹ǲûȥˣʡΣա
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ԣʱһŵصҶǳ
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ЩˣӣСŵϴ֮г˲š
սʶѣôС֣лҵսʶɱ˼ˡҶǳ΢Ц
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СӣҲ̫ˡ迴ҶǳȥıӰɵõԹ
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Ҷǳĳţôܲģ
ֻҪҶǳе⶯ͻȥСԸ⡣
ϧ仨飬ˮ⡣

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ҪΪ޳ٶ̫ˡ
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СѾͷ֪ʲô飡
ҶǳûذСһۡ
СЦүҿɲСŶ˵գͦͦأò˵⼸ԽˣҲ߹ģ
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Сȴ˵үҲϴСˣǸҸŮˡȻ뿪ּңҪڽӴ
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үⲻڵСҺٺЦ
òģԼչ˺þˣȥ۹ҪϲģԼȥҸӣ͹ĵˡҶǳߵ
СҡͷүһӵŮôܶ㲻ܣⱲӲ飬㽫˺ӺҾչ˺ӣ㳣ҲϾ˼ҡ
ҶǳЩˡ
СˣĵҲԽԽˡ
үǰ׼ҵİҲܺð㲻Ǻϲүү˵ȥܲпȥһ¸Ҳð
ˣүһ˵ѩܺá

Сһ·ߴߴ˵ûꡣ
Ҷǳò׸ϵ۹ͽ޸գȻ˻ʰ޸պңּҵˣ۹
Ϊ˱֤ȫҶǳǰ۹ƫƧǳأҲױ˷֡
һкҶǳ˿Ժûк֮ˡ

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ҶǳѾƤߣαװɽģȴĵ
˻õϢлҵѾХԨڴ֮Ĺ⣬вսҺս½һЩŶڴʱХԨǳ֡
ҲХԨ
лҵҶǳʱЩ˼ɣϵ룬֪һЩõϢ
֣
ƿţЦ߽
Ȼ֪Ҷǳ뻹ǳƺ磬ǽж
֣ҶǳЦЦ
һҶǳ漴̾Ϊˣһˣûаܡˣôˣ
ˣҶǳЦ
һ漴ɫ˿ܷˣصХԨ֮ĹҪСĵ㡣
֪ˡҶǳ˵ͷ
Ϊ˼ɣûǰХԨ
ҶǳݻɱģǷҲֻҶǳҽ硣Ҷǳ漴Ц


494 
Ҷǳҵ˽ݣݣͿҶǳݣ˺ܶ鷳
ϾҶǳѾлҵУлҵͨлһ᲻ϧһдɱ
ͺöˣȻͬлҲϲϾ˫ûֱӵĳԹҽǺҵɿ䣬ںҵϣлҲԵ޹ʵضԸ硣

ҶǳĻҡҡͷѵ֪Ҷǳǽʵ״ӣ㽣ǽʵļӣӵͬһʦ𣬶лҵĵˡ㿴ںҵϣǲɱ㣬ǿ϶ġ
ףҶǳ˵ͷ漴ʵʲôΪ֪
˵ͷ˵ڴ֮ĹȻѪǰѾѯʹˣлҵΪܸߣǸ߼սУϴǾս϶ǰսĺ壬ս
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ҶǳԲɵüͷ
Ȼսʣ֮ǳΪԶˣǲҪˣǿɶлһʥӣܹΪһսҵʥӣǱȻһЩţԽս
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һǵʵɱǱΪǿˡ
֪̤˼򣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵҪ֪ľս
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ҶǳüͷڵΪս̤˽ȫսʣϳսסС⾳սսʡ
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Ҷǳ΢΢һЦŵսѾ̤˰˽򣬶ˣҵҲﵽ˴Сľ硣
ȥҲ̫̬ˡҶǳһһ𺳵ϢʱŴͣı顣
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ţʲô£Щ죬һμҶǳѹŷŭ
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һӣһ͵ڴϣȻѾϴɾˣͷɢӡ
⡭ǣ벢ʶơ
Ҷǳҵӳµ۹֮ǽʶĺѣȥ۹ѧԺɢ»ص֮ǣȴ뱻ȫңǸ˷ǳ񶾣ǰĸһĥھ֮зˣӡ
˻Ƕ񶾣Щͬƣɵõ
ҶǳߵѾɱˣⲢܰ㿴ڵӣѾȫˣء¥͸սҶϵ֪Ƿ֪˭ҽκ
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ҶǳЩʧҡͷϴںңúǽ˱ľѾñľˣûá
üͷ漴˵Ǿֻȥҿɮһˣ޷ģľΪɮһǹھ¡
Ҷǳ۾һҲɮһĹ֪еֻʱ̫̣ûнĵز


495 ֶɱ֮
ɮһҶǳֻеµ۹ʱʶλɮԴ˵ӡ󲻴һõɮ
Ҷǳںʯֿѹʵ޻ڴʦλɮĵижҵõλɮڵĿɮһĹ
ԣҶǳԿɮһЩøУ𴴽Ŀɮһǵõɮ
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ھҪȥȻ
ҶǳһԴ͵һۣһκҲܹһˡ
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ϾȻǰҵжԣǲûôĳޣ㱻ɱҲɱһңַʽĥơ
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ҶǳԵͷ⣬ϾҪɮһ˺ܶ࣬¶ᣬﻹʱȥ޷𡣸ο֪пɮһĸɮս½ȿѡ
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лۼһ˶ڣһǿ
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ףһᰲȥ֪ͨǣϾ¥ҲںлҺٺ١Ц
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Ҷǳźһк󣬵ҹ뿪¥ХԨ

ХԨѾ̺ˣ߷ǳ࣬սϵĸ֣Ͼûս磬УҲܽХԨ
Щ˵Уսҵǿߣ۹ĸ֣Ҳ󹫻ĸ֣һЩɢеĸ֡
ô˵ĵҲкôģٿɵ
ȻĻЩսҶԵʹޣ϶
ҶǳѾϽƤߣҲıˣﵽС⡯磬һıΣսǿҲ޷ϳı
֮Ҷǳ͵ִԳһפأڸ˲ķݽҷǳ£ȻŽġ
֣
ʱһϤӲԶ
Ҷǳתͷȥ˵ݣɵþȵ֣û뵽Ҳ֮Ĺ˰
ҿɲ߽һģǿ֣˳㿴ԼܹءˬЦ׼ҵʥҶǳںʱдΪ˻ҶǳЩӡ


496 ˲
Ц߻мλ׼ҵʥӡ׼ʥӣǶ򽣷ͷԵúǫ飬ƽ׽ˣûлʥԷ˵ĸ̬߰
ϾҶǳںһսսҵʥӶ֪һĽʴ˷ǳ츳Ժǿʥӱȼ磬ڽǰʲôɽģ
ף֣ѾΪս˰սٶȻǿ찡
߹ͬʱҲҶǳΪɵôһ
ϾǰҶǳںҵʱ򣬻ֻһս
ǺǣҳΪ˺ҵɿ䣬õ˺ҵԴΪô졣Ҷǳ΢΢Ц
ԻȻ漴źɿ䣿һǴַʽ㣬ֲɣ֪׼Ҳôˡ
ҶǳЦ漴ʵ֣Ҳ˽֮Ĺ𣿲֪ʲô
һûأս޷뽣֮Ĺģڵ׼ҵһЩ׼ʥӴأͨһ㱦ܸҴһҡͷ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷ֮ĹĿȻѣҪͨͨһսһǿҵóġ
Ͼսҵ̻ЩĳﵽǺġ
ҪͨǼսңҲҲš
Ҫȥһȥ漴˵
ҶǳҡͷЦѾսˣ޷뽣֮Ĺ
ûϵ׼һõĽĻʱ͸һöҺҵҲںң˵ǻһöЦ
ҶǳƬ̣Ȼȥë뻹ȥ֮ĹЩսҵʲôš
ãȥɣҶǳյ˵ͷ
һ漴ǰʥɽˡ
ǳ֣սҺս½ĸ־ۼ˵أսϵǿߣϾûнսϵĸֶȥ
ѲЩսңΪսкܶǿ׼ʥӣضȡ
˵лһλ׼ʥͨˡ֮
Ǻ׼ʥͨˡġ֮
׼ͨء塯֮

һߵȴһ۷׷ס
սҵۣϾսҵŶ࣬ͨصҲˡ
Ҷǳ˵ĵû˵ע⣬ϾڳкܶսҵʥӣǶҶǳṳ̂ȦӣֻС
֣
ҵʥӺ翴ҶǳʱЦŴк
Ҷǳ漴˵ͷ򺣼ǱߣϾںҵɿ䡣
֣
ҶǳźЦ
֣Ҿ֪֮ĹϾǽţʺ㣬˵ԵõϿɡЦ
ͣ
ͻȻԶһЦ
ʱüؿȥ
ʲôôûʣ
ҶǳҲ˹ȥüͷ΢΢
ԶһſȺ˹ҶǳĿЩͱ䡣
磬Ǻʲô£ƾҲţʲôЦһЦ
лǰ˭ҳţһ˿˵
Ҷǳ䣬ԭлҵˣѹ˵
ԭлҵ˵γɱλ洫Ҷǳ֪ɱûУҿ˵ˣǰԺ䣬лսʼĳϺʥӱɱˡһϷŰؿǰˣЦ
㡭
лʱһŭԷǺʥӣɲɵлңҲĶԺ綯֣ϾһǺͺҽлҲԸƽ޹һսҳС
ߣҶǳʲô
ел˳䶢ź磬мλֵܾµ۹ҶǳѾɱҶǳͻϢˡ
𣿡΢΢һݣлҵҲ˵ǸҶǳȻ츳Ͼṳ̂ս磬ڽˡ
ˣ
ڴʱлӵܴɽ½ԶлҵλʥӣˣҶǳµ۹лֵɱˣͷȥл۹ˣǸո¥Ϣ
䣡
ʥɽɽʱһƬȻ
Ϣˡ
лҵǵҲǺպлʥӣȻһ˸һһնɱˣʵ̫ˡ
ʲô
лҶԣɫ䣬׷׵ݣԵЩš
лоӺͮͮģղλֵܻµ۹ɱҶǳȴû뵽ת֮䣬ͱˡ
еŭͬʱҲޱѿЩûˡ


497 ٴĹ

ǰһŭл̲סЦֻ֮ɫҶǳ̫ˣ·֪лٳЦƵġ
ԱߣҶǳҲݸһЦ֪밲¥˸лӵϢġ
ò˵Ϣüʱ
ҶǳҷҪңҪ֮ء棬л߳ŭŭһǿϢϱֱڿն׼ȥҶǳ
侲㣬ȴ˵
лҶһһ죬סл
ǰ磬侲㣬µ۹Զϵʱ򣬿ҶǳѾ֪ܵȥˡ
ллҲȰ˵
л侲Լλֵһ档
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦݣͷŭٶŭصҶǳŭЦʲô
ҶǳߵЦЦʲô飿лһǰԵЦҲ𣿡
лҶǳŭȵ֪Ҳǽʵĵӣλʦܻɱֵܣе𣿺ߣΪҲɱ㣿
лǺҵĿ䣬ղŵĻǷлҺսҶǳԱߣлĻʱվ˳һضл
ͬʱĺʥǣҲվںߣһ俴лʥǡ
лһͣղҲǱͿˣû뵽һ㡣
ͷ䣬Ҳǲܵġ
ߣһû˵
лҶ˳Ŷĺ磬֣ˣܸղҲǱͿˣлгҶǳǽ磬лһǷֵġǳ˵ǰ棬λҶǳǾͱǲˡ
ﲻ뺣ҵĳͻְҶǳһ¡
ò˵лҶлǿˡ
Ҷǳ̲ס࿴һۣЩɵ
ߣʶ࣡һɲлϾлֲǿսңǺҲлҲ
ߣ
лҶҶǳһۣ漴Աߵļλֵ˵
лҵſȺ뿪ƬشȥԶԱϢȥˡ
ϾղǱҶǳմ̫ˣٰ׳գҲµõڳ˶ڰгЦǡ
磬ŹС𣿲ƽ޹ǣҾȻǽʵĵӣ϶ǸҶǳᣬҸҿ϶ллҶ
лҶؿһлҪΣл涪⣬ҶǳסԣǱ뾡Ҷǳϴˢлҵĳ裬лҵڽ磬ϾǺҵĿ䣬ǲóֵġҪȥģޱߣǽеǻ
лһ漴ؿлҶɵ޵ǶӢˣȴӽ֮ĹǾȥѰҶǳСӡ
ŶɱҶǳΪλֵܱѩޡлҶһƬɱ⣬λһɳֵܣôˣеȻޱȷŭ

Զл뿪֮󣬶ҶǳλʦܻͰȻһսɱлʣµлᷢģλʦܿ鷳ˡ
Ҷǳ֪Ƿ²⣬Լݲᱩ¶˵ЦλʦܼȻõʦϿɣʦΪ洫ӣҾôױɱ
⵹Ҳǣ翴Ҷǳ漴̾ʼӶ̤߽λʦܣ̤˰˽򣬷򽣻ҲᶯģΪ洫ӵġǲ˼鰡ҷ·𿴵˵ڶλʵˡ
ٺ٣ҲλʦܡҶǳĲ۵ظտԼһ䡣
ʱʮλ׼ʥӴӽ֮Ĺгˣһ˿򺣷磬ɵù˵ʥӣһõö
˵գö硣
͵ص˵ͷ漴תͷҶǳЦ˵֣ǺҵıľҲˣľаǺв׼ʥӿͨءġ֮
˵գ罫һöҶǳ
ţҶǳӹؿ򺣷硣
ЦǽʴˣֻļӣҾҲԳΪλǰĵӣٺ٣ǱȽǿˣϾս֮ߵ۷壬սһսǿߡҪǳΪĵӣôȻԳΪһ֣Խʶ⡣
ҿɲΪĵӣܹͨһ͹ˣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴뺣һǰĽ֮Ĺȥ
ϴδ֮Ĺõöȴ͸ëһöԼʣһöȻжһöٴһν֮Ĺ


498 ٴͨ
쿴ҵʥ׼ȥ֮Ĺˡ
Ǹʴ˽Ҳȥˡ
ʦҶǳɱлҵ츳Ⱥ֪αΣ

Ҷǳ뽣֮Ĺ˲Сĺ䶯
ԶлҵɫһڣΪڳ̸Ҷǳɱλֵܵ¼ʵ̫ˡ
䣡
ڴʱһǿϢӽ֮Ĺﴫ
漴һߴӰӿռѷ֮߳
лҴ
иϳ˴ˡ
лҵʱӭȥ
磬²ˣлҶæҶǳµ۹ɱл˵
лҴ֮ɫʱһ䣬µ棿ܷȷ
лҶ¥ϢӦòм٣ҶǳɱλֵܣϢ϶ᴫµ۹µ۹Ҳ¥ĴڣǲᴫݼϢġ
лҴɫʱڵŷŭɱ⣬˵ߣȥ۹Ļʹ
ǣ
лʱ뿪ʥɽ뿪ХԨ
ڳ˶֪ҪȥҶǳˣϾҶǳһɱлλʥӣս̫ˡ

֮Ĺ
Ҷǳͷһ۽֮ĹڣղźǸˣһǿĽ⣬Ľ֣ܹظӦõ
֣ǾлҴΪǾս̤߽лһӵߡһԵĺ˵
ҶǳȻλлҴȻڿԿģëС
ҵþΪˣ
ҶǳּȸС
Ͼôлҵ׷ɱҲķ
ҪҪɱлҵʥӿ־壬ɱлһ棬Ը
֣׼ȴһָǰʵ
׼ȴ塯֮ҶǳЦͻƵ˴С⾳磬ӦͨʵϣϴѾ̽ˣֻҪﵽԲ磬ͨ˵Ѿﵽ˴С⾳ˡ
ŶΪкܸߵҪһֻмҵȺ̬ͨأСĵɣȥġ֮Ц˵漴ġ֮
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦǰġ塯֮ţҵ˻ȭȷǿ󣬵壬ǳԽ˻ȭĹ
塯֮
һ뱦֮ҶǳժƤߣָӡ
ϴξڴǰ߲㣬νֱӾʹӵڰ˲㿪ʼء
䣡
һ޴ʯҶǳǰ
Ҷǳ̤ǰȥȭͷԥǰȥ
ǲ
ʯ顣
Ҷǳɵͨصڰ˲㣬ھŲ㡣
ƣҶǳսٶɵغʯͨ˵ھŲ㡣
֮ͨҶǳϴƤߣָɽӣͱͳˡ塯֮
ͬʱҲһö
Ҷǳע⣬ϾͰö
Ѿͨˡ塯͡⡯ʣµġսġҲ˵߲㣬Ҳ˵ֻҪͨһܻýϿɣõĴУΪĵ
Ҷǳǰйâ˸̲ס
ĿѣɹѾԶˡ
ҶǳȻõ˽ʵĴУǽʱϾ̤ս𾳽磬λ𣬿Ǵﵽս۷壬ܹսһսľ
˽ĴУĽͻһ¥ǰ;
ҪǣϴҶǳѾֽʵġ򽣹ڡͽġԪնؽ
ԣõ𴫳УõġԪն󣬾ܽŽϾѧ߳һǿĽ֮·
λǰĴУվǵļϣһϽ۷塣
Ҷǳ˸ŵĹâ
Ҫúõоһ¡ġ͡ȡͨһ㣬õϿɡ
ڡս֮ҶǳǲͨˣϾҪ̤Žͨأʱõ
֣ôôͳˣʱӡġ֮ˣҶǳʱ
ҶǳЦҴ˵ڰ˲㣬˵ھŲ㡣
Ȼ漴ο˼ҵı̬׼ҵʥӣ˴塯֮ĵھŲ㡣
ô˵ӣӦͨˡġ֮ˣϲˡҶǳЦ
ҡͷǺҵ׼ʥӶͨأǲͨأǻʲôʸʥӡˣ֣ҪȥıԱ㡣
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴װģҸȥˡ
ֱ紳бҶǳŸһ뿪֮Ĺ
ƺкܴջ񣬳ȥҶǳǣ׼ȥչˡ
ҶǳҲʱȥë


499 ˼
ëڰԳһϾԳһкܶ࣬ʵë۵ùǺ
ΪսĽף⿪ϵ䣬ëҲƴˡ

ɽ֮Уë
С
ǣһ쵽֪˯Ҳﱾүæëǳ
𣡡СͻȻ
ë۵ôҸү죿
ʱСһͳȥˡ
ëתͷȥʱСҶǳƨɺ棬ҡβͽ
磡ҶǳЦ
ë۾һɣЩ𾪵ؿǰҶǳţս˻Сʱʲôҩô죿
ǺǣΪǵսҵΪǴﵽˡС⡯ľ硣
ҶǳЦ
漴ԼһеľëëǷǳεģûκ˵ˡ
ҿǸȻѼѹСܹΪС⾳磬˵֡
ë˷ܵҲãҵķ˲Ժ̤սʾɡ
ţҲôġҶǳЦŵͷ
ëٺЦǸ׼ҵļҲǶˣȻһ𣬺ߵЩ·ߵʯͷࡣ
Ͼ˭뵽ӵأҶǳЩֻ
ˣСӴлĲȱʥҿë漴ͻȻ˵
ôҶǳЩ죬ǰѲƵĻơɫ˳ݸë
ëϸ˿漴йâһϲöȻ̺һʥϣÿ԰ȡĺڽ֮УĺڽΪʥϾС߽һ·ģһȥʲô£
ҶǳԶʱϲ̫ˣҵĺڽΪʥôҵսҲܶࡣ
ţһʱ伴ɣë漴ӹҶеĺڽ˵
Ҷǳйâһ˵Ҫ㣬ǻóȥɱлҴʱɱʣµǿԽˡ
ţǸøлһѵˣǣҲģͨǣǾ͵Ƿɱɡëкɱص˵ͷ
ˣ磬Ƶ飬ôȻҶǳʵ
ëԲɵ̾Ϣһû뵽Сӻ˽ĲҽΣֻȥɮһĸɮԿˣ棬ս½һǶûа취ǾֻܵΪս񣬵ʱιսѪˡ
ҶǳԿЦҪΪսôףҪʱķѵ̫ˣҲֲôʱ䡣
ǵȥСһˡ
Ҷǳ׼ɱлҵļ֮󣬾ȥСһˣһǶлҵ׷ɱϾʱлҿ϶ᷢģȥСһܡҲΪ˾ƣνһá
ˣСӣȥϢɣҵøƺúڽë˰֣źڽͻơɫı㵽һȥˡ
ҶǳɽҸĵطϥԪն
ֻͨһܵĶϿɣýĴС
ʣµ֮Уս֮ǲܵģϾҪ̤Žͨء
ġ֮Ҳѣеϣ
֮˵Ҫһ㣬ϾҶǳĽ츳аյġ
ˣҶǳһģһ߲Ԫն

ʱ仺š
һݺëͰѺڽƺˣƷʴӼƷ˰ʥĳ̶ȣ
ԭǲƵĻơɫľͱϵˡ
ý
ҶǳڽܵһºڽԼ̺Ŀʱϲɫ
Сӣд˽ټΪﵽ˴С⾳磬Լս׵ȫսʡëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷŵġ
ս̤˽ܿսʣټϺڽս׺ʹСΪܿսʣǰ׳ˡ
֮ǳҪҽ׼սܽնɱ
лҴ֮⣬ʣµߵлҶҲ൱սʣаնԸҶǳţк˸Ǹõ˶ֵʱˡ
ë˵ͷЦ߰ɣ֣лҵλ׳Ϊ˾
ţȥһϢʲôطҶǳ˵
һһ뿪ɽȻεĵطëգҶǳʧХԨ
ʱëҲ̤˾ս磬Ϊܵ䣬츳ûг׻ָĿǰֻܿսʣΪеơ
ΪĻƾ޵ǿѪһɱλлҴ


500 ҹı
۹ǡ
ҶǳëȻǱ¥ǿսʵʵǸû˿Էǡ
ھһֱסǵ¥ΪҪ¥ХԨϵϾҶǳֻ룬ȺԳȻҲֻ룬ǲŲء
οҶǳЩУһ¶ȥܶ鷳
Ҷ֣
ţҶǳë
ղյҶǳĴҲǱһ
ôˣʲô뿴Ҷǳȫװëɵò
ëٺЦºڷҹ˵ʲô
ƤһҶǳɫͻȻ׼𣿡
ţ㶯֣һǰСȥҶǳ˵ͷ
ëһԿʵСӣڵλãıһ¡
˵ͷ漴˵ԴϴҶָ飬ҾһֱڹעҵõϢлϴѾл۹ˣͷ͵˰л۹ô㱾˿϶Ҳڰл۹
ͷëЩɻؿתҶǳ
Ҷǳߵɱǵͷ͵л۹ȥˣǲǰлҾ͸͵ļƷȥǰһݡ
ãԺ׵лӵܣͷ£͵л۹ȥǼݣٺ٣ҲѰˣȻǻûмƷʲôл۹ëʱЦ
ЩҡͷЦл˸ġ
ҪǣҶǳЦлѧԺѾлң˫ѾУûлĿܡ
ˣлҴ֮⣬ʣµأлҴûа취ԸԻȽëʵ
Ҷµ۹ɱҲǾ˺ܶ࣬ڳλлҴǰл۹֮⣬ۼһ۹ǿ²֡
ǾЩ鷳ˡҶǳüͷȻаնԸлҶëֻܶԸʣеһû취һ
ս̨вУë
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵Ҷս̨ǣǿ϶裬ʵϣϴµ۹ԸʱǾѾܾˡңϴĳЩƷԼ⵽ս̨Ĵڣû취ս̨ȥˡ
ЩѰˡëüͷ壬ۼһǸûԸ
һԵ룬Щ޲ߵҶǳëһ˿ԥ漴ǾʲôƵģҧһ취
ţ
Ҷǳë롣
ɽĿ˸һһ˵
ҶǳЩԻ󣬵ëǻ˺ܶϹǵȻ˲Ͳµ˼ʱЦŵͷ⣡
˵ʲôҶǳ⡣
ë͵ؿһ룬漴ЦŶҶ͵˼ǰ۹ϢһʩչһЩֶΣȫ԰ֿ
˵㣡Ҷ컹Щɻٱ¶϶ȥɱôֿ
ëҶǳһۣ˵ܼ򵥣ǿص㣬пص㣬ʱ뿪һΪץס㣬϶ͷжֱǰص㣬ȷߡ
Ҷǳ۾ʱһ̲ס޵⣬ôˣֻ˵ص㣬Ǿͻ𣿡
ٺ٣㲻Ǹ˻˽ԼͨϢݵϢ϶ỳɡëЦ
ҶǳüȻ˻ЩԼҲȫһһأ
ֻǸص㣬Ǿȥĸص㣬ֲ֪ôܻӵǣңۣǣʱлǿҲܹ֡ëŵۺս𼶱ǿߣȻƽ⡣
Ҷǳûˣ˵ͷ˵ãôɣ֪ͨ˻ʵ飬ͰˣҵдŸ˻ʡ
ҡͷдžˣգµ񷢷ŵʱ䣬ÿʱ¥ҪµȥʹʱһԸ˻Ϣ
ܵҶǳʱ˵ͷ
ЦڴϢɣһˣ֪ͨǡ
ҲãҶǳЦ
үҲҪú׼һȻһүһӢǻˣëһ䣬Ҹȥˡ
ܵ䣬츳ӡ磬ȻҴ⡣
ȫʢʱڣ̤˽ɵлҴҲ޾壬ϾǾս


501 ˽
֮УҶǳҲ
ʵӦÿԳ׺俪ڵĵڶƽ֮˰ɣҶǳտտ
ÿһ֮дﵽ֮ڶһƽ֮ţĿǰѾﵽʮսʿʮսƽ֮š
һƽ֮ţҶǳѾ׺俪һƽ֮ţȴֻǺ俪һ϶ûȫ俪
Ҫ֪ƽ̺֮ӴĴ俪һ϶¶Ĵ٣ֻнȫ俪ӴĴӶǿս
ǰҶǳո̤ս磬ʵ޷俪ڶƽ֮š
ҶǳΪﵽս磬ΪҲﵽˡС⡯磬ʵ˺ܶ࣬ӦÿԺ俪ڶƽ֮ˡ
Ϊ˶ԸлǼҶǳбҪԿܹڶƽ֮ȫ俪ʵ࣬λлҶǿ϶ˡ
䣡
˵Ҷǳʼȫǵڶƽ֮źȥһڴ
Ҷǳȫڲ
ϾڳôǿԺһɽˣ˵һ˵ڡ
Ǳ˸ȫҪ飬Ѫⶼᱬը
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ڲϵسҶǳҲЩСּ֪̼ҶǳϧҶǳ֮ǰѹͲڷԴǣǵЩҶǳ
˭ŰȻҪɱҶǳǿս½һţħһ
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⴩ܴʦ۾һ漴̾˵úã˵úãֱ˵Ŀȥˡ
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СӿɵȲ˼ʮܴ꣡ʦָҶǳϵƣ˵СأѾҪﵽıԵǿɮһĹ޸һ֣ȻͳŲסˡ
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ܴʦҶǳʵİ취ȸңôǿɮһĹҪ֪ǿɮһĲ֮أǲлõĹġ


511 
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Ҷǳ¶һĨ֮ɫ̾޻ڴʦѾս𾳽磬ΪȺʯǵȴԸԼħ
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ܴʦԣ˫ֺʮɫȻҸʶ޻ڴʦʱ򣬻ǡСֱСɮҽֱ޻ڴʦʧˣЩǿɮһҲвǿȥѰҹûѰãû޻ڴʦڵصѹħͷɾ̾
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ҶǳҡͷҲǵõ޻ڴʦһЩУʹ;ˣɮһǷҵġֻϣܴʦܹңβܻѱչصġһֱɮ
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ѣɫصӵϣӦóӲģҪ־ȥģľΪԽߣ־Խǿ󣬲ӡ֮ԺһɽҲ޷ӡ
ԭˣҶǳȻ漴Щϲ־ԹأľΪҲﵽ˵һ㣬̫͡


512 
ҶǳǰȥúǱһ޴ʯǰ
ҶǳĿȥǰʯӣʯ沼⼣еĵطѿһ϶ֱҪ˱ıԵѽϵ
ҶӣҪԻƶɮѾ˵ˣӣ㿴Ķֻǧеһƶɮ˵ƶɮӣһɢŽɫâģͭӣǳʥһԴ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴Цҿֻһ⼣߰ߣʯӣһﲻǷҰɡ
ЦҶ˵ЦˣǷӣܹӦƶɮϵķҶ㲻ֻҪʩչƣӸӦеϢȻϿ㡣
ԭˣҶǳԣʱʩչƣһƬҵĽһǰʯӷ˾޴ı仯һƬͬʢĽⱬ
ǰʯӣѾһͭӣȫӲӵģǳʥ
ҶӣҪӣýƷ棬ʱӵǧὫһõ磬ֻ־ǿľΪˣͨӵĿ飬̶ӲŻ𡣡
ʹǿɮһܹһģҲֻЩһֱĸɮõʣµˣ
ֻһֱĸɮõҶǳԾЩŵǿɮһľΪǺܸôòӵĿ顣
ԿЦľΪǵȷˣǵ־ȴûдﵽӵҪ󡣱ϾǿɮһУ˽սľΪܸߣܵĥȴ˺ܶ࣬ǵ־Ǻǿ
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˵Ϊˣǿɮһ߲áСֱɮˣȫҪȥݴ½֮ĥһʸСС
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ϣҶܹͨ飡˫ֺʮš
Ҷǳߵǰ̧һֻƣȥ
˲䣬һǿҶǳԺУǰһ
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ʱԽԽҶǳ𽥰Ҷǳָˣ·ĳΪս½ؾȿѡ

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Ҷǳƣɷ棬۾ɫʱضʱŭʱʱã
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лҵĳǷǳŭлҴһҪɱҶǳ
ʵϣлҴʱѾ÷跢ˣİλֵܶҶǳɱʵ̫ˡ
лҴ½ѰҶǳԣ˭Ǹ֪Ҷǳʥһʥ
ͣȷ˲ڴ̽ҶǳϢһЩսҵʥӶˣҶǳƳʧһû˲õ
лҴģѰҶǳµ۹ЩˣѰһЩѧԺѧԱʦ
ȻѾ׷ˣںʲôӣ׼ҪҶǳˡ
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ܹ϶೤ʱ䣬Ҳұ֤
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лҴôҲеһЩѹˣϾлҴʵһһз˭֪ʲô顣


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ܴʦЦҶǳͲõˣСø˱κúѾ󳹴򣬳׷һУλһֱĸɮΪ״ӣѾǿɮһδǰ;
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ӽϾغǷΪ¥ļ̳ˣҴҾ뿪ˡ
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ŶҶǳɫһ䣬Ҳ
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ҶʥӣҶǳһû뵽Ҷʥӣǳ֮⣬һμҶʥˣֻǲ֪Ҷһӵܡ
УҶǳû뵽ҵĺҲڣϴȥ磬ǺӴǵģڴˣӡ̣֪Է
ܹʥǰʮǵ츳սڶʥеĶ
Ҷ֣˵УҪСĵıҶʥҶĸˣʵಢǵǸǵսеģҪǹƲࡣҶһǳһĵϵӵܣ츳ܸߣѾ̤˰˽עδӡ
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518 ʼ
ҶǳûмǴĻϴξӸ˵һǳһĵϵֻΪλ˺⣬ԲŵµϵһʵӶϵȡ֮
ȻҶǳ˶ʹҶϾǰǳһϵҲûʲôϵڵĵϵһûʲôǣֻҪҲɵΪǰʶȺϵһȥƴ
ҶȻ̤˰˽ôαǿĶ֣Ϊ˰¥̳ߵλӣҪܴ˲С
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Ҷǳ뵽
սҲû㣬Ͼ㲻ս񣬲ܽսӵľ硣Ҷǳժֵ˽⣬ֻҪǸҶʩչժ֣ܿһЩӶܵˡ
к磬ز¶ʵӦòǱ㣬עҶǳ漴뵽˺硣
ͺй֮Ե֪ɲ⣬˺ܶʵ
Ҳԣûһ㱾µĻôܵһӵĿأһӵѡ
ˣҶǳӦöԼвǵʵлҴǿҲǿ˶١
Ҷ֣úϢɣǾȥսĵ죬ģȻǺǿһҵǿĵ֮Ϊࡣվ˵˿Ѿָġ
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ݸһЦ߿϶һЩеİҶҲܽȡ֮ʥڶȻ϶Խǰʮ
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а롣

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ҶǳٴγʱѾһСϣһƬɫĴ󺣣ǰһƬɽ
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519 
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ѰǳֻһʱϴҶǳһ
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520 ̭һ
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ѻƽ޽ҶǳУӳǿܣǳҵĽâնն·𱻻ˡ
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521 Χ
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һ𣿡ҶǳһЦеĻƽ޽۵ĹâҶȥ
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522 ǿҶ
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Ҳһƺ̤߽ޣԱֳʵҶǳ
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ҡͷҶ֣ûս֪ЩսӵܵУǶֱ̬׷ʵ¥Ҳһ㣬Щսͬƶ񡣡
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ϢҹҶͺҲǱߣûҵǿ֮ǰǲҪΪáҶǳ˵գϢ
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523 Ѱ
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߰ɣȥսһٺ٣ⳡԾ϶ʣҲõ˽һ½ֵʵ粻Ҷǳڵλá

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ҺҵĿ䣬ҿʲô΢΢һЦ


525 ռϷ
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526 ŭ
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527 
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Ҷǳڸ̨ǰ˫ȭս۾һƬ
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528 Ӧս
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ӦУ̫ϳϣû˵Ͼս𼶱ĴڣӦòȥɡ
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˵Ҳǣ˻΢΢һЦҲ㲻ȥӦսһЩսҵʥӹսӦЩŶȵġ
׼ĵȫҲȥ𣿺ߣҶǳһתȥ
˻ʿҶǳıӰɵʵҪȥȰ࿼£ô嶯
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Ŷһڴˣлҵľˣǻ𺳰ս½˶𾪰ɡ˻Ц
ҶǳûлػϢʧҹС
˻ʿҶǳ뿪ķиһĨ֮ɫһֱǿˣȻѾﵽ˰ս治֪ôģ츳ټΪλлҴ治һĶ֡
˻ʲɵЩҺҶǳҶǳڰеĸ֣۹Ϳȷˡ
ټϣϺлҽύνˮ
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529 Ǳ
Ҷǳ뿪ʹ󣬱ǰ¥Ҫ¥Ĵǰл۹лҴǷùȥһˣѰ
ƣҶǳ˳ؽ¥ĴһõĹâʧ̨ϡ
ʱҶǳѾɽӣϾݻûб˷֣лҴˣҲ塣
⣬绹Ǻҵɿ䣬лҲԵ޹ʶ֣ҶǳýݴϢõġ
ӴгҶǳѾǵ¥ֻﲻǣǱΪл
ò˵Ϊ˹лңл۹Ҳþ˼ͲֱӺˡ
ҶǳԴ˺ܲмѾûĸԸлҵһл˵硣

繫ӣӭл¥ķֲ¥ʲôҪܷԸ
Ҷǳܵ˼ߵĴл¥ֲ¥ӭźõı
Ϊһ¥ֲ¥ϢǳͨѾ¥ܲõϢǽȡսʤ
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Ҷǳ֮кһ˵ﴦѧԺʦ
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ˣл֪ЩϢҶǳ漴ǰ¥ֲ¥л
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ûвֱǿЩѧԺʦ
УҪúıһˡ
ȥǱ߿ߣһɵĵطҪŹ
ҶǳǱţǰѲʿһｻ̸
ЩѲߵǲ̫ϸ˰ֵǶ˯ˣ˵Ҷǳʵǿսʶܻɱˣѵܷһʿ಻Ե˵
ҶǳһЦȷԼˣЩսʿôֵܷ
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ȵ˵ʲôأС㣬ҪлҵˣǾˡ
һѲʿʱ˵ˡ
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ҶǳҲнİ취ֻѸСһֱСһôСȻ֮УǱʹ
ﵽ˴С⾳磬ȻܴСұС֮ɼӲޱȣʯ֮джԡ


530 ̽
Ҷǳ֪ʹ֪ʹֵط϶رأлҵǿߣ϶
ˣҶǳֱӸӦǼǿϢһӽ̽
ܿ죬Ҷǳҵ˻ʹȻһλлҵսʼ
ҶǳΪͨսʼлҳϣս̨׽նɱ
ȻҶǳڻɱϾ˵ģȴݾߡ
ڵ֮УҶǳǱʹڣѰЩѺڴ˵ѧԺʦǡ
úҶǳڻʹ²㣬˱Ѻڴ˵صһٶλѧԺʦǡ
УһˣǵѧԺ·ʦ١
ҶǳǵԼһνѧԺʱǴ˸·ѧԺһЩʶԴ˷ǳϤ
ȻҶǳһڼͷɢͬһ㣬вʱصţؤҲûеΪѧԺʦĲˡ
ʦ
ҶǳЩۣʱȻǱȥ֮ɵٵǰ
ţ˭ٶʱ̧ͷһ˫ã۾һ˿ɻ
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Ҷǳ԰жҧٴʦͷҾǰ
ţٻһҶǳ𣬷ǳƴ˵Ȼûķ
ԣ͵صͷûпҶǳϾҶǳֻһôҵĿݲ֮Уױ֡
ѲҶǳһʱգ֮ȭͷô
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ҶǳҪģЦŵͷⶼģǶһɵģȥٿ¥ʥ񣬾ͻֽᷢѾʥǰʮˡ
磿ƺеӡʥһû뵽ٰݡٶʱȻ
ǺǣҶǳл׷ɱҾ͸ͷ棬ýߴ½ҳΪսҺҵɿ䣬Ǹ벻ҶǳҶǳЦ
ԵͷǳԣѹлһֱҲ㣬ɱǰʥӣֱǱŪڹ֮С
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ΧѺһѧԺʦɫʱû뵽лһ޳ܵҪвңǣˡ
ҡҡͷ˵㲻ùε޹أѧԺڲͽ
ΪңС棬ҲͲͽˡҶǳǷģҼȻˣǾа취ǳȥ
һæ˵嶯ôˣôȣһȥֻΪۡ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц㲢ѣҲҵͨˣһ⿪ڵķӡȻһηһصͨ⣬Һл˴ƿη˴ӵصߡ
˵գҶǳһָٵüģ˵ٸӡÿһηɱһЩһսʣӽصֱ֮ýӡݻٻʹ˲֪ˡ
ԳƬ̣ŵ˵ͷãԼСģҪΪԼȥԺ²ҡ
İɣʹڵлǿѾ̽ˣûвˡҶǳһЦ漴ɫ䣬ɱȻ
лѧԺʦвѾˡ


531 
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ʵЩѧԱҲǱӡΪηһսزס
Ҷǳûдݾߣֻȸٽ⿪˷ӡϾһ˾ƻηųЩѧԱˡ
ѧԱҲ⿪ӡǾͻ𻩱ˣϾ̫ˣ˭֪ʲôˣһͽҶǳǲģ˹ƾ͵ùˡ
ˣڰٽ⿪ӡ֮ҶǳٶȱСصףʼ򶴡
˵ѣֱʹ򽣾һǧѻƽ𱦽ǰת¶һĵĶڣͬɽһ㡣
ЩҶǳս˿ռָУϾռָкܶ࣬ɱЩлʥӣлҰлҳϣѧԺԺ֮ǳȵȣЩ˼һöռָҶǳ϶кüʮöռָˣװһЩ㹻ˡ
Ҷǳʵǿ󣬴Ҳܿ죬Ͼһǧѻƽ𱦽ǼƷʯͷֱжһܿʹһֱͨʹ⡣
ʱѾˣҶǳò֣ΪһѲʿѺһλѧԺѧԱǰԭѧԺҪ
ҶǳȻѾˣȻлҴɱһλѧԺѧԱɽӣֱǰԭѧԺ

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ʱлҴѾվ̨ϣ˫֣Į䡣
һʿһλѧԺѧԱѺ͵лҴǰѧԺѧԱڵϣɫţϾֵؽеҪɱңҺҶǳûκιϵѧԺʱûк˵һ仰Һûйϵ
ͷκ˶־ġ
οѧԺѧԱҲܸǲˡ
ҶǳվȺ֮УѧԱΪԷ˵ʵҶԷҲûҪ˵ףҶǳ˶Է
лҴЩֻ֪Լ˸ֵѾҶǳˣһͷ͵˰л۹һſѪܵϤͷлҴޱ߷ڵŭ
俴һ治ϿͷĵѧԺѧԱлҴ̧ͷĿɨΧֵȺ
Ҷǳͷڹ껹Ҫ㵽ʲôʱ򣿡
һҿץסһٶѧԺʦһһץõֻҪҸͽ㹻ս½˶ΪǶ㲻ġ
µ۹Щ˺ѣһõɱֵһˣҾߵǧˡᡣ
ҵҪܹ͵ʲô̶ȡ

лҴ˵ʱս㳡˶
ֵȺ۷׷ףҲǼֲˣϾʱлҴÿζҪЩ˵һ飬ҲҶǳ
ɱ
лҴͻȻһȡ
һλʿʱеĳŹڵĵѧԺѧԱȥ
ۣȺ֮УһЩ˵С֮ˣеı۾ҹۿһĻ
ҲһЩ˰ҡͷЩѧԺѧԱǵùȫҶǳǣˡ
ͣ
һѪܵԴգһƬѪȾ̨µĵ档
Ȼ˿˹ȥʱһʱ¶һ֮ɫ
ΪʧȥԴˣλڵϵѧԺѧԱ׼̵ʿ
˭
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ղſķһʿնɱٶ֮죬
Ȼֵһλ֣һǽ֡
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лҴдһ˿ڴЩһ̲סҪ
ֻǣҶǳ߳ʱлҴʱüͷһ塣
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㣡
лҴҶǳȻһ˵ڽ֮Ĺ㣬ʱͺһǺҵˣ
ҽн磬Ǻҵɿ䣬Ӧ˵ҵ֡Ҷǳ˵
磬ʵļӣԭ㡣лҴԻȻ漴һЦؿҶǳмôҪʦҶǳͷȰ㻹ǹɣȻǺҵĿ䣬ѡվҶǳǱߣҲӣֱ㡣
ȻҶǳʦ𽣻ʵ״ӣҲʶҲûҪͷҶǳ̧ͷлҴ˵㲻ǣѧԺʦʦ𽣻ܹѧԺĶݣ鱻ˣȻԹۡҪұһӮˣͷѧԺʦбԼҶǳһЩˣֱ޳ܵ飬ֻᶪлҵ棬Цлҡ


532 ʥ
Ҷǳᣬ㳡Χ˰кá
ʵǶܲˬлңսңһֱǸ߸ϣޱȣǣһЩˣҶǳֶ̫޳ˡ
ұ죡
лҴЩ߳ŭغ
Ҷǳ˵֮Χ˿Ŀ⣬Щģ
˵ʵǱƼˣҲֶαҶǳ
ϾҪֶεĻˣҲȵڡ
ֻλֵܱҶǳˣɱҶǳкعлң
ˣлҴŻʹֱɵֶΡ
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Ҷǳ̤һЦ̨·ѧԺѧԱߵʱ򣬸⿪ӡ߰ɣ
漴Ҷǳ̨̤
࡭лѧԺѧԱʱмؿҶǳΪԼҪˣȴû뵽·ɵɴ⣬ͳŹ㳡ȥ
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̧һĽ
䣡
Ҷǳǰлƽ޽¶ɹâ赲סлҴȥĽ
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Ҷǳ˵Ҳ˵ˣҪһս۸һȺˣʵǶˣҿ㡣
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ӮأŵЩѧԺʦ𣿡ҶǳлҴ˵ڳô˿ţлҴսҵʥӣɸóһ
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˵꣬лҴٷϻֱӾٽնҶǳһƥĽϯҵĽâƵ˺ѿޱȴ̶
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лҴߵԲѣֻǰսѣҿǾս̤߽򣬾Ҳ̤߽ҲҵĶ֡
𣿡ҶǳһЦлƽ޽ɢɽâһɫ̫â貣ͷųҫ۵ԡ
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ҶǳȴЦһмһˣлƽ޽һ𣬻սӿͬڲֹĳӣȫƵγһɽ籩
䣡
һֲĽ
Ҷǳһλ߾еĻƽ޽һնѵأ磬նлҴĽâѿµ̨
㳡Ҷǳһնһܳĺ蹵лҴǿѪֱɵɵ˺ʮɫһɷס
ˣ
ҶǳŶлҴ΢΢ЩϷŰ˵
ղһǴԪնǿлҴ˲ơ
ˣ죡򣡡
лҴ۾Ҷǳš
ˣΪԷ̤˰˽츳е˼顣
Ҫ֪սҵʥӰԷȻǺҵĿ䣬ǰһ˶ѣʶȻҲֻΪˡ
Ȼһˣȴ̤˰˽򣬻
ˣ
˭ȻлҴ
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ΧսˣһƬȻ
˶ˡ
֪ˣͻȻȺ֮˾ǽ磬ʥһٵˣ˵ǽʵļӣѾսҺҡ
ͬʱ˴Զе񣬴˵ϢϢʵļӽ¥սлʥڶҶѾӵһΪˡΪΪѷҶһ»ֱӽҶȡ֮׵ʥڶ
˻һ㳡ʱ䶯ˡ
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ȫһƬȻϢˡ
Ҫ֪Դ¥ʥʥʰ֮ս½Ǿ֪񵥵ĺԶİ񵥣ߵķǳֲ
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ȻҲսйأϾǰսֻһصĴڣֻڴ˵У֪սҵġ
ڣͨʥʥʰս½˾֪սҵӵжôǿ
ˣעʥʥʰҲԽԽࡣ
ʥʥʰϵÿһܵĿĹעǰʮģǸ˳ݵĴڡ
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οҶǳǴӵһһִԽ˸еޱȡ
˵ս½ЩͨˣЩսҵУⶼһƬڡ
ⲻ̨ϵлҴȺеľ֪ҶǳѾʥֻо㵣Щš
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ңǺҵĿ䣬лҲܳǿȥնɱ磬Ǿ뺣ҿսлҲܲ

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ɣ
ҶǳһЦ뿪ѧԺַȥ򶴡
һݺҶǳڰѵص˳⣬漴ȥһ˻ʹϢ߿٣뿪ˡ
ȵҶǳһγʱѾָҶǳӣһڽѧԺѧԱĽɫۣһӳ߽л
ǣ
лĳſڣгǽϣԶҶǳɵͫһ۾һɡ
ҪҶǳ·ʽ̫رˣһţÿһԽףգ֮Զӽš
سɴ磡
ر·ʽȻ˿سʿע⡣
ͬʱҲ֪һλ˲õǿߡ
ȵҶǳӽźЩŵʿϳҶǳϾҶǳĻڳſڣϲǾ۾Ϲˡ
Ҷǳ
ˣ
ҵ졭Ǹô죿ץס𣿡
ץԣǻһɱģϽȥ֪ͨ档

ſһ󼦷ɹ
ҶǳһЩǰҫʿ˿̶һʧܿҶǳĵ·
ҶǳҲЩˣںֱ̤ն𣬴ϳŰл۹Ļʹȥ
ʹϿպҶǳߵлҴˣɣ
ҶǳԣڸӦҶǳϢ󣬻ʹ֮г˼ʮϰٵӰлҵļλսʳϣлҴҲˡ
Ҷǣ
лҴɱصҶǳҧгݵغȵڵȵˣڡ
Ҷǳϵ¶ûܹȵ㡣лҵļλҲŭȵ
ͬʱлҵļλϻΧӡԱȷҶǳûս̨
ҶǳǽŵӣɵüǰΪ̫࣬Ųòʹս̨Ѿ̤˰ս磬ԸǼõս̨
˵գҶǳǰսһɡ
ʲôлҴӦǿϢʱţ𾪵ȻҲ̤˰ս磡
뵽֮ǰĽ磬ûаϵһ𣬱ϾҶǳòĲͬǳֵʽҲͬ
ߵǴĽһЩΪҶǳͲӶˣӵкֶܶΡ


534 ɨ
Ҷǳͨƣ򽣾ȵȣʽ仯񽣷һȴ޷˰뵽һȥ
лҴҲֻǸеȣкҵԴ֧֣ܹô졣ǰҶǳ¼ҹһ˭֧֣
οʱ䣬Ҷǳлҵ׷ɱйȥ
һ״
лҵһλ֮ɱضҶǳɭ˵츳ϵʦ𽣻ʵˣûĺҪڴ˵ء
˵Ĳṳ̂սʾ磬޷Ϊڶˡһλлҳ˵
ɱٸɳĻˡлҳ˵
Ҷǳɨһۣһλлҳϣλǳսʣֻһλмսʣﵽսʾ硣
λлҳϣߣ겻СˣҶǳǶԼûв
Ϊ츳ǿĻ꣬ӦͳΪ߼սˡ
Ȼ츳УôԽҲˣԽҶǳв
ǣҶǳؿǣмƾϼһǵʵлҴ磬ɱң
ɱøϻ
һϰɣ
лΪѾɨأԲ뿪л
λлҳֱҶǳĻһɱ
Ƿǳǿƣͬʱһɱ죬䡣
ȻǶҶǳӵкǿҵɱ⣬ϾʱҶǳлɨأΪսеЦ
лҼѾˣٲնɱҶǳǾͲûлˡ
лҴҵĹƽԼսҶǳתͷлҴһ
лҴߵҪҹƽһսΪ𣿶ң֮ǰѾˣ˼λսҵʥӹսȴӦսѾûˡ
˵գлҴҲҶǳ̤ն
ҶǳɱǿңϾҶǳɱλֵܣȳޣѾˡ
֪л޳ˣȻˣҲԴɱˡ
ҶǳЦһ
漴ֲĽҶǳϱһɷ籩ϯʹϿա
ݣ
һƽ𱦽ͻȻҶǳ󣬳һŽɫĽлҵλϺлҴɱȥ
򽣾ǵĲ򽣾СģлҴȵͬʱлӶһγɽ赲Ϯһƽ𱦽

вҽ
лҵλʵƫĳϣֱӱʮѻƽ𱦽˺ѳƬѪꡣ
ҶǳлҴɫѿޱȣΪȻҶǳնɱλлҳϣֱǳ谡
ɱΨһһλлҵսʳŭһսʵʵҶǳɱȥ
ɱлҴҲսʵʵԱߵлҳϸһЩȻ߽Ҳһʱ䣬ʵǿˡ
ҶǳʵѾԽǡ
ֻһ߲ٿһǧѻƽ𱦽һѸٱͬһˣɢҫ۵Ľ⣬лҳϺлҴɱȥ
ƣ
ҶǳƣһƬɫĲ÷Žɫąeַţ˫֮両ֳһɫӰЯſֲܣлҳϺлҴѹ
ƣ
С⡭һΪȻﵽһ
лҳϺлҴͬʱ
뵽ܣȻѾˡ
ɫķѹлҴлҳͬʱѪɳȥ˲ơ
ɱ
ͬʱҶǳγĺڽȫսעУһƬõĽ⣬⣬һƬããĽâɨȥ
䣡
лҴؼʱóһʥסһȻ㲻ҲҪش
ǣлҴţܵлҿأԲһʥһλлҳϣȴûаʥ˱ҶǳһشѪؿڶ˺ѿˣƼء
˽̤˰˽򣡡лҴְֳʥһ£񲻸ŵصҶǳ

ԶλսʵлҳѾҶǳ򽣾ɱˡ
лҴɫѿԱλлҳ˲أ¼ֲ˶ãֲҶǳĶ֣ƶܲ
ߣס
λصлҳоⱬ䣬ǿѹƣȻھѪҶǳɱȥ
ߣ̤߽򣬲ܰװڴ˵أлҴ
лҴҲܹ֪ҶǳĶ֣Ͼתӡ
𣿡
ҶǳЦһסлҴ
λҪƴлҳϣһǧѻƽ𱦽Χסˡ
һʼҶǳ޷һǧѻƽ𱦽ΧסһλսʵлҳϣǴ˿̣λлҳ˲أҶǳͿ򽣾Χסˡ


535 ۹ĩ
лҵĳϾȻһĸҶǳ
лҴô죿
찡Ҷǳǿʲô̶ȣ
лҴˡ
лβˡ

ҶǳлҴǵսܴ󣬱ϾսʲεʵмսɵҲǳֲ
лľ񶼱ˣһЩǿս߶ԶйսһЩսεҲԾ¥Ϲս
ǿҶǳǿƵػлҴ˺һɴ۾š
ҶǳǺǿһ֪ȻҲᱻл׷ɱôöûɱлҰ
ǣлҴʵǿ˵ټлҵλˡ
ԣûõҶǳӮһӮôɣӮôǿơ
л߶ˡ
ʹڣȺǮҲһ
лҵĳˣлҴˣǸô죿
һ̣Ǯҵ˳׻ˣǳԼл˶ԸҶǳץѧԺʦҶǳԲŹǵġ
˻ʱ£ô죿
£

һǮӵܺͳǶһſл۹˻ʣҲԭǮҼǮ
Ǯֱۣң˭
ˣ档
Ǯæչ֮е档
ǮѾΪսˣֻһսʣûʲôԽս
ʱǮڱչȹΪͻȻӵǮĴɵЦǲҶǳɱˣ
ΪǮ֪ͨϢ
սôȻ֪λлҳϺлҴڣҶǳɡ
棬ҶǳѾɱлλϣʣµλϺлҴҲֲסˣǸô죿ǮＱͨ졣
ʲôҶǳʵôǿǮ滹ΪԼˣæųʶŻʹϿ̽ȥ
һʱ
ΪǮ˵ġ
СӾȻɳô졭Ǯɫʱû뵽ҶǳɳһҲ̫˰ɡ
ǿлҴʥʮ̤߽ľŰ
λлҳϣҲߣԽս

һ㶼
ֻ˵Ҷǳ̫ǿˡ
桭ǮǮĬɵٴκ
찲ӵܷɢлľڣҶǳֻһˣʱ;һѰ⣬˿ȥʹסЩѧԺʦ֣Ҷǳ˼ɣܹסһǮ
׼
ˣǮҵӵܹ٣ǮҾҲĴ㡣
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ͣ
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Щ̫ǳֲһЩսȥֲ˶ãս½ȥǾ·һ
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ǮҧлҴսҶǳ
̫Ҷǳı־Ȼ᲻ʶ
ȻҶǳҲµǵĿģͷųЩ̫𣬲ǽʹ
Ǹ
ؼʱ̣Ǯƹض̤ն
䣡ǮϾһսʣʵǿӲڻսſ̫𣬹һͨǮ˽ʹ
ҶǳɱǣȺѧԺʦҲˡлҴ˿̻ǱǮ˽ȥʹʱֻ
Ҷǳʵ̫ǿ֪ԼˣܹѧԺʦùҲֵֻ
ߣ
ҶǳһС⼶߶˼£еĺڽսעõĹâ
ɱ
ҶǳȫɱлҴúɫ䡣
лҴһʥͱҶǳɱˣȥлҴҲֲ˶á
һߵλлҳϣҶǳһǧѻƽ𱦽Χ£ѾƲأлҴҪߣ¼ֲȥˡ
ʦѾˣҿԷˣ
Ҷǳһ߹лҴһЦ
ͿԼˣֻҪһսپͻȺѧԺʦӵص뿪
ʱѾսôãǿ뿪ʹΧˡ
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ҶǳлҴһشǮǮˣһ;ŵشӻʹڳ˳
ǵ󣬲ûȺʦ
ô£
лҴǰ׳գһĻҲµˡ
ܣҷͷܣǮһǮ˴ȵ漴ǮͼǮҵϵӵܣ̤նȥ
ʣµЩǮҳϣһЩϵӵܣҲڷɢߡ
ûѧԺȺʦ²ǻʲôвҶǳģֻѡˡ


536 һһնɱ
ȺѧԺʦأôӵлҴЩܵǮˣѪɡ
ѧԺʦѺڻʹ֪ģϾÿ춼ȥʹˣһλлҵĳ˭Ϣ֮Щ˴ߣ
ǺǣΪʱǱŵòӦս𣿡ҶǳлҴʱЦ
лҴͫһ漴۾Ҷǳͳ㣡
Ȼˣ϶Ҷǳɵġ
ҶǳʵǿȴһֱûмΪʲô
ҪȽѧԺȺʦ鷳𣬵Ҷǳûк֮Ǻٽһնɱ
㻹̫
ҶǳЦһսӴ󹥻ȡ
Ҫ㽫лҴնɱȻȥ׷ɱЩǮˣɲ׼ŹЩϾǱ۹лΪȷ
ҶǳɱңԵıʥʰϵлʥӣлӶ֣ŰɣҪ˶ãҲġлҴɺ۾֪Լˣɲʲôث֡
ֻе㲻ģûгΪء
ǺǣʲôǿˣΪҶǳЦһлҴĿ⣬ڿһˡ
һĲҽ
лҴɫһ䣬ȻתͷȥȴǷΨһһλлҳѾҶǳһǧѻƽ𱦽նɱˡ
ֵˣҶǳһЦ漴ָһǧѻƽ𱦽ɱлҴ
лҴаʥܼһҶǳһǧѻƽ𱦽Ĺ£İʥʱ޷ٷˡ
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лҴˡ
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֪ҶǳѾɳΪµĽˡ
Ľʴˡ
ӵ𣿡
ʹ߿УҶǳлҴлλϵ֮󣬱ٿһǧѻƽ𱦽˷
˾սʶԸлЩߵǮˣʶӦ֮УûԶ
Щ˵ʵϾ̫Ҳл
ҶǳȫԲٿ򽣾Щ˻ɱǧ֮⡣
ݣ
ҶǳʶӦ֮£һǧѻƽ𱦽˷ЩߵǮһһ
ҶǳֻԸǮսսΣԼһЩӵܣЩ棬ͷŹˣϾЩ治ܸлץѧԺʦ
Ҷǳ׷Ǯܵķ׷ȥԷϾսʣѾ˺Զǹ⿿򽣾նɱġ
ҶǳʩչٶԶԶսʣܿ׷Ǯһˡ
Ҷǳл˵ʵҲǱΣǲлңǾͻǮҡ
ǮҼǮ￴Ҷǳ׷֪ԼӲˣʱŵġ
ǮһɫضҶǳ漴ԳһЦ˻ʺѧԺԺϼһûпۣʴ˹ȻôҪ׷ʦ𽣻ʵĽŲǮҰܵĲԩ
ûģϾսʣϻеġǳǵΪҶǳ¹Ķûá
ǮҸԸлҵһѡлңûκ㲻ðлץѧԺʦԸ۹Ļӵܣ˵Ƕܹ۹ѧԺĶݡ
Ҷǳһ̤նеĺڽۻսĹע£õĹâ
һϱȥܲգһƬꡣ
䣡
졣
һɿֲĽƣЯޱߵѹȸУ
ߣܿܣǮĳ޻˵Ǯĳ˼ֲ꣬һСѵǮһһսʵʵҶǳ
ϧʵҶǳǿȰսʼʵǰֵһᡣ
һǮͱҶǳеĺڽնɱʣµǮˣҲҶǳһ
ʵ̫ˣ

Ǯ֮Ҷǳ¸л⣬ٵ˻ϡ
Ҷǳûаƣٷ·µʲôʱӭڴʵҶǳлҵЩ˶ɱ𣿡
һѧԺѧԱҲҶǳһ֮ɫ
ѧԺĴѧԱʵĴˣħһǿߡ
ˣлҴǮЩˣɱˡҶǳӭſڴĿ⣬Цŵ˵ͷ
ٶʱХһǳغɱúãΪЩʦѧԱǱˡ
ˣһˡ
Ϊ˵УѧԱҲѡ
Ҷǳһ̾ΣһЩѧԺʦˡ
Ҳֻһ
ǵһԿлʱǾû˸вˡ


537 ڴδ
ʦ
ѧԺѧԱһΧס٣ο
ÿƽ֮Ҷǳѯʵǽʲô㣿
üͷ漴ЦԺ뿪ֱɸλԺӣÿһʦһλԺߵĸԺѾˣ⿿ҵʵ޷չЩѧԱ
ǾͱչˣҶǳ˵
ţپ㵵ؿҶǳ
ҶǳĿɨǰһٶλѧԺѧԱǣܹΪѧԺѧԱһͨеţҲսеѾΪսˡεʱѾһ˴µ۹ϵ۹ҲӦˡ
һѧԱĬЩ˵˸Źâ
ҶǳתͷԿ˵ҪؽѧԺ⿿һ˲ҲóɳǾۼһĿܴױлѰһɢİĵطȥл˾ԲϳǡϾѧԺѧԱ֮ûǮҵİлҲϵóǡ
⡭
һҶǳ˵еֻһʱЩԾ񣬱Ͼǰִ飬иԺֻҪӾˡ
ȻҶǳģҲԥƬ̣˵ͷҶǳ˵˵ĲʼҪˣʵ뿪ҲãٿԴս½ΪĻһЩϾǵ츳
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦЩ˼ȻԽѧԺ츳Ȼ̫ٶܳΪս
ؽѧԺ֮ЩԳΪʦϾһ˽̵ôѧԱҲûʱ䡣
Ҷѧ˵ĲǸöˡ
ԣУҲûʲôóȥһ
Ҳͬȥһ

ҶǳĻЩѧԺѧԱǣ׷׿ͬ
ǵУеҪȥģеαˣҸطһЩ͵ƽҲеΪ̫ˣЩͷϾˣôԶĻأ
ʲôԭǶͬˣҲͲǿˡ
£ҶǳͿĿЩѧԺѧԱǣһһɢ뿪
Ҳ뿪ˣ
ٿѧԱǶ߹ˣתͷҶǳЩڴ˵ȽؽѧԺʱںεأҶ߾ȫϹ
ʦأҶǳ˵ͷ
Ҳأ·ǶѣҲǸأɹģΪǽʵĴˡ˵תȥ
ҶǳӰʧ漴ſһ˫˳𣬷л
ȵִлҶǳΪӣȻ¥Ĵٴλصǡ
ҶǳֱǰХԨ
лҴ˵ûɱ֮󣬽ҪԵģʥʰϵлʥӣлҵӡ
Ҷǳһ߸ХԨһ߰뵽
лҳһٶλʥӣлҾҪȺʥɱλʴˡ
ȴǱҶǳɱĶףлҾˡ
֪лҿ϶ŭȻ׷ɱҶǳȡ
лҵӣԲҶǳڿԿġ
Щʥʰϵлʥӣһսʼ𣬾츳Ҷǳһ㣬ǵΪҶǳǿ̫ˣʵȻҲҶǳǿ
ҶǳҪǿ⣬ǾͱԼΪ̤սʾ磬ΪĽʡ
ХԨǿǿҶǳʵ
ΪСʱҶǳľΪѾ˵ڶʯ磬Կͨؽ֮Ĺġġ֮ӶɽĿ飬õĴС
ҶǳŽ֮Ĺлûʵı
Ҳ̫Բˡ

ҶǳٶȺܿ죬ХԨûã͸ϵ˺Գһפء
ʱţ뽣֮Ĺսӵ˺ܶ࣬󲿷ֶѾȥԹˣȻôϾսں⣬Եڵȥ̽
ҶǳԼҲǰˣϾҪΪȥõѡʵս½֮Ժսϵǿ֣߳ҪǶȥˣս½ǿ߾ۼĵط
Сӣ
ҶǳϵԳһפغëʱ
ҶǳǰȥëϣëϢֱǿˣʱЦ̤սʼˡ
ûëѾΪһսˡ
ٺ٣ˣˣСҲ˾ս硣ëٺЦ
ʱСҲ˹ҶǳĴȲȥǳȡ
ףСӾȻ˰սȻëҶǳΪʱ𾪵Źȥ¶ѣȻô죬Сǲˣ
ǺǣЩҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ԼСսһһ


538 𴫳
ҿС̫ˣ鶼ܱëҶǳ¼ʱˡ
֮ĥǧֱ꣬󣬱Ȼһˡ
ëɵĽСһˣľڶ㰡үûдﵽһСӶ̶¸ԽˡҪǣǧĵ̣Ϊսĵ·Ҳƽ̹ࡣ
ĺĽЩˡ
ǧĥȽϣҶǳεΪֵһᡣ
ٺ٣Ҫ֮ĹõĴˡˣѾսʾ磬֮ǰȥԹ𣿡ҶǳЦ
ëƲԹˣûнս֮ǰԵģɼСǲԶˣϾү仹ûнӳ츳ޡ
ǺǣûϵѾԵõĴУʱȥʲôҶǳЦ˵
ëʱڴɵôߴٵ㻹ʲôϽȥͨأõĴΪһ֮ǰͨصõء
ҶǳЦôɺϣҲ֪Ѷȣң˭ͨأ
ߣСӱ̫ս½ôôսң˭֪᲻һţԣõ𴫳Уյġëߵ
ðɣȥҶǳ˵ͷȻΪſͨĿ飬ҲڴĴУҪõ
ǣҶǳʥɽ
ëȥϾĿ̫ñ˿ͻ֪ҶǳҲˡ

ʥɽ
Ҷǳ̤ϣֳֽһ˽֮Ĺ
ʱ֮ĹѾûʲôˣҶǳԷĽȥͨأҲ¶̫󣬴ӶĿ
ҶǳӭĿȥǰѾﵽ˵߲㣬ͨˡ
ֻҪͨһͨ˽Ŀ飬ԵõĴˡ
ҵľﵽ˵ڶ㣬ԪնҲ˵ھʽĺҶͨأѡһͿˡ
ҶǳĿŵ
漴Ҷǳѡ֮ϾǽĿ飬ûǱֳڽĳǿ츳ܹý⡣
䣡
ʣ˵ھʽĴԪնҶǳ˳֮ͨ
һصףʧƬռ䡣
ҶǳˣѾ֮еĴ󣬸͵һ֮С
ǳͨռҲǺܴϥһɫӰܿյģκζ
ˣڵȵһλˡɫӰͻȻֵҶǳʱվԭƽӣҵĹâҶǳЩ޷֮ӡ
𣡡
ҶǳԣǰİɫӰЩ𾪡
ǽ־𣿶ȥô꣬Ȼܹ棬λǰδҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
ĴԪնдˣҲЦһҶǳ̤
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İɣһὫԪն󡣡
ҶǳԽԭĵط˰ݣתȥ
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УǵڸԼػԼĺ
Ҷǳʹûκιϵôֻܵȴ֮Լˡ
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539 ִﱱ
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СӣƵطүһҲˣһ֮ĹүãҲԳһƺˣȥⴳɣıܹ࣬ǵΪѸȥëҶǳ˵
Ҷǳﵽս磬ҪսҪıѾս½ҵõˣǸǰˡ
սʱҶǳս½Щսս֮УŪս½ͣǿҲԽԽ١
ֻкȫˮǣںףսҲѰټϺ޴ڣԺҪս½Ũˣս½ǿߣ̤ս֮󣬶ǰѰԵ
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ҶǳȥѪ͵峤սѾ˯ˣϾԪˣֻѡ˯ӳԪ
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·ǵʱҶǳһţϾҪǰˣøһ

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۹֮һİл۹ų꣬ͱҶǳһ˴ݻˡ
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˶СҶǳˣǶ֪ҶǳһţѾɳΪһǿˡ
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˵л¶ҪɱҶǳûгս𼶱̫ϳ⣬ܹõˡ
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󺣹ޱߣо죬ǳ׳ۡ
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ȫĵͼȻһЩżעˣǱСӴõģëԱ߿һɵ𾪵
Ҷǳ΢΢Цϴȥʱ򣬾͸ҵģϳڵսǣ֪Ҷˡ
ԭѹôȫĵͼϾΪټһս½ͺ˭ܹκεëһĽ˵
ҶǳƳһۣߵҲ˼б£Ž򰡣ǰ츳𣿡
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ҶǳôģȻҲѡӱǰˣҪ֪ĺУ࣬ٵ㡣
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ޱ޼ʣɫǳ׳ۣõһμ˾Ҷǳǳ𺳡


540 
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ҶǳëǾһݵĸ·֮ڵִ
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ͨһɽɽ
Ķںܴ󣬷·һǳصĳŴС͸źΧ¶ȶҪ͵öࡣ
Ҷǳ̽ʶ鿴һֲûκ˵ϢɵþȵֱؾȻû̽
ߣҲҪûб̽Ϊ֮ˮô׻õôף˰ļ֮ˮռˣֵõëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵е׵Ļҹƾͻս𼶱ǿˡϾǳ󣬿԰Ǻʥӡ
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ڣҶǳѾǰսʵȰսʣټ֮УҪЩս
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ߣȥܵĻǾŪһЩ֮ˮ
ëȥ
ҶǳתͷС˵ڸԼСĵ㡣
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Сӣ֣м֮ˮ֮ˮȻ¶Ⱥܵͣȴ̶ˮҲǱ֮ˮӰˣԲûнɲҪС̶ˮ¶ȿԶһЩһսˡԽ棬̶ˮ϶Խ䡣ëƺ֪ҶǳɻЦ˵
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ǺǣҪ㴫ڸҵ壬ȻŹǲȱģȷʵǿ幦ÿںһǿࡣ
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Ҷǳ˵ͷʵ֮ôˣΪһ𣿡
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Ҷǳð𺳣ѪһѪ壬ǿôɱֱĲˡ


541 Ǳ
ѪҪǴﵽһ㲻ܳΪս񣬶ܱȼսˡҶǳ֮̾
ëƳһۣЦ־Ͳˣһͱս࣬ս½ʷϣҲֻצѪ磬ҪΪǿޣͱҪǿࡣ
ѵûһ𣿡ҶǳЩ޹ȻѪǿ󣬵֪࣬˶λţ˭֪᲻˳ɾѪ硣
ëҡͷǲ֪Ҳû˵ս֮УıǼҵ˻ʣ׼ҵһԴ˻ȭ˲֮Բ磬һ׵壬Ҳ˲֮Բ磬ǶûѪĻǵʵս֮УǿˣҪǿ
Ҳֻǽ֮簡ҶǳЩľһǼѣսֻ֮磬ԼܹﵽС⾳磬жôˡ
Сӣ̫̰ˣܹɲ֮ѾܲˡֻҪںϼ𣬾ܴﵽ磬үûϣˡ
ë˵Ҫ֪ս½һϴﵽ֮ģ²пܵıǳԼҺ׼ңսܹС⾳ǲˡ
ѧ˼ҵ˻ȭ׼ҵľ׾ͺˣǿҶǳԵ˵ͷ漴йâһ̲ס˵磬˵ûѪҾŪˣΪ塷ôǿ幦ǰ϶һϴﵽѪ硣
𣿡ëԵ˵ͷ漴Ц˵ĲλǰȷпܴﵽѪ磬ֵֻǣôǿүȴû˵ѵǼʮǰǿߣ
ʮǰҶǳЦҡҡͷ֪ԶˣҲǽˣҲžꡣ
ʮǰѾԶʱˣϢ٣һЩǿս񣬿Ҳˡ
Ͼʱ̫Զˡ

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Ҷǳüôûп֮ˮҷ񣬲˵սܽȡﶼܶսˡ
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СӣټˣųɡһԵë˵
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Ҷǳ棬üǶǱ뵽ʮˣȻûзּ֮ˮļ֮ˮѾ˸ռˡ
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Ҷǳεʼ磬漴Ǳ
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ҵķ˲ֲסˣʵ̫ˣȲСӡëЩƵ˵
Ҷǳʱһ·̶ˮȻָ˵쿴ʲôôĳֽ
ţ𣿡ëԣʱۿ漴ͷĳֹϸ
˵գëۣ˫Ŀ֮⣬̶ˮǺڰ
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Ȼ̶ˮ·һŭ
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һԣëҲ֣ɱ˼ֻޡ
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ҶǳëĻɵ𾪵ĺ䣬ս˶Ǻܹ¹ģ϶ս֮еǿߡ
֮ˮҲеһǵõڻɽ׿ĻʹҲҲĳλǿģҪѰҴˡëЦ
Ҷǳ۾һ漴˵ͷͻʵĹȷƣʵĹʱ±̽ǲʱ¼֮ˮӶˡ
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Щ޶ʱܵش

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úһͨɫˮΧΧһֻֻ͸ߴĺޡ
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Сӣʲôˣүôо޵ϢúҶǳë
ĻҶǳЦûиӦˮޣһǳ£ȻҾˡ
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543 ٻغ
ҶǳĻشëȻ𾪣޷ǳϡ٣ͨޣҲټ
Ҷǳһµ˵Ӵ󣬾ս𼶱ͨѩף类һƬѩǣֻ޴۾ɫģɢżϢͺһԴѡˮƺ⣬赲ĳȻҾˡ
ͨѩף۾ɫġүûв´ĻӦǱ˪צͱ˪޵ĺëĿһ˵˵ˮ󷨣Ƿõģɹƣ淴ѳ
ҶǳȻѹֺҷ˵󷨣ֹսϵǿ߽ԭǵսӶƻˮ󷨣ų˪˵˵еצƷζذȻԽ
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ʮǿ֮УצѹһͷڶԶצǳˬ
Ǻǣצǲѵ֮ҲкҶǳݸһЦ漴
ë˵ͷ˵ȻУ֮Уֹһǿļ壬ûгս񣬵ȴʵսңǾѪսʿ塣ѪսʿھͺצѪǿԱѪսʿʵ˼ϧҲΪצѪѪ壬ǽսѶȸ󡣡
Ҷǳʱˣʵս½ڻѪսʿ𣿡
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ϧˣʶһѪսʿҶǳʱЩź
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ëһϲæ˵ɵòʮＫ֮ˮʣ¶ȥһ衣
ΪʲôҪʮⶫݲ軹ʲôô𣿡Ҷǳɻ׼һ𻻵ģ㹻裬ͻƿŻףӶѸΪ
ëҶǳһۣ㻹Ϊü֮ˮݲ裿ƭģü֮ˮݵģ֮ô˵Ϊñü֮ˮǻ
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ëʼ˭أҪ裬ֻܱǿˡ⼫֮ˮȻ󣬵ʮԺʥ㹻ˣʣµҲǶģȡ衣
ðɣ˺ˡҶǳ˵ͷֻлЩˬֵʮ裬ȴֻܻȡһֽ׻˭Ҳ᲻ˬġ
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ӦҶǳëСһԶڿ
Ҷǳתͷë˵߰ɣȥ绻ȡ裬ҵýȥǲܽȥ
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˵գ̤ն𣬸ϻս½
һݺǾͻصս½Ҷǳ漴ȥ磬ëСȥ˸ķѩǡ
ҶǳһΣϵ·
˺ڣҶǳóԼĺɿƣʱƸӦ˺ĴڣطɫΡ
һ̣ǰձ˺ѿһ϶ҶǳС
˭кǿſҶǳʱʵ
磡ҶǳʾԼơ
ԭǽ繫ӣ롣ʱҶǳĿ⣬Ҳų羴
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴뺮ǣ
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˵Ѿ̤˰˽ʥ⻹ΪƣȻͽҶȡ֮ڵڶˡ
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Ȼһڵ񴫿ҶǳĻҲһսҵߣҲСˡ


544 
磬ǡ
ҶǳȻȥϽƷ֮ˮΪҪʮＫ֮ˮϽʮ߽Ｋ֮ˮȡʮ߱衣
׵ϾȵؿҶǳʵСһŰսȻԴŪô༫֮ˮļ֮ˮѾɿˣôҵģ
ҶǳһЦʮףҲּ֮ᷢˮġ
ʮףλһۣ߳ŭؿҶǳ㿪ʼЦʮסսȥףοһССս
ҽн磡Ҷǳ裬漴ָһһƺʱ֡
ǰĺҳ϶ʱͫһ漴ָƵЦݣȻؿҶǳԭǽ繫ӣʵټϺѹֿʮס
ԭֻΪһͨĿ䣬ûںȴû뵽ǽ硣
ͿԽˡ
кټҶǳʵȷпҵ֮ˮ
繫ӣ´㻹м֮ˮԼһ衣ҳϿҶǳ뿪æ˵
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴صãˮĻ֮еһ
ҶǳһȻкܶ࣬ǶԼõĲࡣ
һЩҩλʦëλ˵ֵһᣬǿԼ
ҶǳҪһЩϣϧûʯ
ϢϢǵҪٰ쵤ᣬǸ߼չһЩ޲ϣǸϽȥɱްɣ˵ܹû׬һʡ
ͻȻһҵĿ䳤ϴܽ˵
ڣʱȻһƬ
漴˶Ҵ뿪
᣿
ҶǳҲʦӵһλʦԴ˷ǳ档
ιʲôǵ᣿ҶǳɵԱһҿ䳤ѯʵ
ǽ磡ϳҶǳϾʥŻǷǳġ
£æ˵ʦʦĴᣬʱؾٰ죬䲻һٵʦܲμӡÿһεᣬʦʦμӣ˸֡ңΪμӱҪϷǳӴʱ϶ǼۣûȥȡϣԴ׬һʡ
ʦǵıӮˣʲô𣿡Ҷǳɵú
ЦܹʸμֽҲǸ߼ʦһͣҪʲô˵ÿεǰԴѡһ׼ʥɢʦֱӼΪһųϡ
׼ʥ
Ҷǳ۾һ
ĽںǵĻǾ̫ˡ
ҶǳڿʦǲЩʦġϾЩʦ֪׼ʥƳ׼ʥҩ
Ҫ֪ս½ʥҩǿģΪ񼶵ҩڣҲûʦԣ׼ʥĵҩѾǷǳˡ
ҶǳǰƵȽ⣬˵׼ʥҲ˵ʥ˵񼶡
ΪƷʱѪйأսʼѪǾ׼ʥҩս𼶱ѪǾʥҩ
ս񼶱Ѫǿ϶񼶵ҩⲻʵûս񼶱УҲܵõѪ
ŵ⣬ҶǳͲ֪ˣεά׼ʥǳ
Ҫֻ֪ҪǰͿѡһ׼ʥȫѡһܹԼʵĵǵõĺô̫ˡ
ҵŪһݣȥμӵǵĵᣬȡǰ
Ҷǳ뵽
ƵƤߣôС⾳ıһ壬һˡ
⣬ǰôӻõû棬պʺݡ
뵽ҶǳҲüˣֱ뿪磬ȥѩǺëǻϣϢǡ
᣿׼ʥ
ë֮󣬲ɵɫһϲǺûᰡеĵ纣жõĵϧʥͷˡ
Ҷǳһۣ׼ʥѾܲˣңʥҲʦƵĳ
ٺ٣СӾʦԶˣ𣬵̤ʦ磬ƳʥҩɹʵһЩѡëЦ
Ҷǳйâ˸ʥҲǲܵõεǰлΪĳϣǰɢʦҼٰݣɢޣҲԻȥĳϣ˵Եõʥ
ãëʱ۾һ


545 
뿪ѩǣҶǳٴκãã󺣣ǰ޾ĺ
һεĿĵǳ
ǳڵƬ죬ϵķһ࣬ԲűΪǳ
ǳս½ʮڹҶǳĿֲٶȣҲҪһ²ִܵǳ
⻹Ҷǳ߲ݵظ·ʵ˻׳һ߲ݵظ·һ£϶Ҫڰ·ϢɱһЩޡ
ǣҶǳǵִǳʱѾȥµʱˡ
ʮʱ䣬ͿʼˣȥǱ
ҶǳóͼѰҵǵλá
ëҲչۿ
͸ҶǳĵͼǳϸǳƬе춼׼ȷء
ǳǺֵĵطĵڶ࣬౻ս½ռݡ
ЩսռŨĵ죬潨ǳأΪںĻء
ᡢᡢӶҲˣռһ졣
ʣµһЩСǱһЩɢռݣսʿԼҲһЩսۼһưԣеսǿߡ
֮ӣǿ
ҶǳѰҵĵǣںĻأһӴĵ죬Щսռݵĵѷɫ

ΣҶǳһЩĵ֮Уҵ˵ǵλá
˵صǲԶʱܸϵ
СӣԼȥμӰɣҺСĿ̫ױϳͲȥˡëһ˵
Ҷǳüȥ
ȥëһֻצӣŵͼеǳǰƶйâ˸Խǳ޺ޣӣҲ࣬ʺСϾҲޡ
޺
ҶǳɫصǳΣհ޶սսʼ޸洦ɼҲȱս𼶱ޣֻЩʥʰеʥӲŸ̤룬ȷҪȥ˵أ
㲻ͬҲޣ޺԰ȫһ㡣ëЦ˸š
֮лһ࣬϶Σա
ͬĵ֮лһޣҲΣա
ԣΣյ޺ǿ߽ȥ϶Σء
ëСޣ޺֮УҪ档
οëҲߡ
ҶǳƬ̣ȻˣǾȥ޺ɣסȫҪʵڲо˻ڵҲ˶á
İɣȺСȥ޺̽̽ޣ׻޺޵УʱǴһһЩصλãϵ㡣ëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ָŵͼеһ˵죬˵ȻˣǾڴ˵ػϣûˣһ˵Ҳμӹ֮󣬾ȥǡ
ã
ë˵ͷ漴Сһˡ
ҶǳҲǡ
ڰ·ϣҶǳѾıòΣһµƤߣһɢʦִﵤǣ׼μӵᡣ

Ҷǳ˵ǵĿֵϣΧǿߣһЩеʵС
ϾѰߣսʵȻǿ
ڳڵĵ̣һЩǿ߿ģǲԽӴĿˣֻܴս½һЩͨ˹
Щͨ˵Ũ񣬼˰æص̣Ҳս½Ҫǿöࡣ
Ҫ˵ǳֵĵطⵤɣἴʼ˵ǿ߲ɢޣ󹫻ģҲиսҵģһֵϵǿߵӰսʡս洦ɼ
ʦӦýʲôֺأҶǳһ߳ŵıصȥһߵ
ʦݣʹҶǳ֣Ҳʹýֻ֣ٴһˡ
Ƭ̣Ҷǳ۾һͽгɡ
ȡҶǳͽһ֣ɳ֡
磡
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦԼ뵽ֺ⡣
ţúֱؽս½
ҿ⡭
ȻҶǳͣס˽Ų
ŲԶĵᱨص㿴ȥʱɴ۾Ծ
ֻǰǵıص㣬ѾʮĶ飬֣ÿٶм֮ࡣ
ôô˲μӵ᣿˵ֻи߼ʦܲμ𣿡
Ҷǳ㵣æԱߵһѯʵϾǰⱨ
𣿿СֵӣҶǳӲмؿҶǳһۣƺҶǳᣬڵϲʲôɾͣߵЩСҲֻҪӽѣʸ뵤ĺ١
˵ֱ꣬תͷȥҶǳ
ҶǳȻԭЩΪ˼ᣬϾʱ򵥵֤һˮƽԵĻֱܹӼᡣ


546 뻯
ıص㡣
ҶǳŶӱʱ˲˱ŮˣˣҲͷҰ׵ߣһꡣ
ιλС磬Ҳ𣿡ҶǳһĻЦʵ
ҶǳһЦǰɡ
ԷȻΪǸ߼ʦֻģҲýͣϾȵῪʼ󣬱һĿȻˡ
ҪŬˣҲô׽ȥģмʦСѾһλм۷ʦˣȥҿҵĵͽһᡣĻһȻ˵
Ҷǳ˵Ҹоδ̫˰ɡ
Ա˲ˬӣԼЦм۷ʦѣμӵʸ񶼲ʲôɽģιڲ߼ʦμӣټϸսҵʦмʦֵһᡣ
ŭŴˣӱǿˣʲôȼʦ
ǿ̤߼ʦУպÿԲμεᡣһЦ
ӶʱԴһæǰˡ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ߣСӣҲΪã˵һмʦˣǸ߼ʦⵤеʱҲǲֵһᣬҪ뵤۷廹ԶءһΪʦӽѵ
æͷǰѵǡ
ʱٶԣŶӡ
ҶǳݸһЦ
ԼĪһʱֵҶǳˡ
ݣǼǵһλִ£Ҳһλ߼ʦֻ겻Сˣͷ׷ѩһ˫ӾҶǳʵ
磡ɢޣҶǳ˵
ʦȼ׷ִ¼ʵ̧ͷҶǳһۣ͵ͷȻûбϣϾҶǳôɢޣܹﵽ߼ʦ˺١
߼ʦҶǳٴ˵
ţ׷ִ͵̧ͷĿֱҶǳ
ҶǳŶӵĻҲɴ۾𾪵ؿҶǳ
֮ǰѵӵλ߼ʦҲҶǳ
ǸˣҶǳ
ϾɵҲܹóҶǳ겻ôĸ߼ʦһɢޣ̫˾ˡ
Ҫ֪츳Ӧͱսȥصˡ
Ҳпܱսҵ˲ߡ
ɢ֮Уĸ߼ʦϾΪһʦ˭ɵƵɢޣ
ˣǸ߼ʦ׷ִĿҶǳҲǻ㣬չأñһĿػˮƽ
һ˵Ҫ֤һλʦȼƳҩС
ֻǱҪ֤Ǿ̫ķʱˣɵȲ
ԣ֤ػˮƽ֤ˡ
ϾʦĿػˮƽȼ࣬ˣ֤ػˮƽ׼ȷʻǺܸߵġ
ã
ҶǳĿػˮƽﵽ˴ʦȼҪһΣȻ⡣
ϸһǲĴﵽ˸߼ʦ硣
ٵİɣֻɢޣôɢ޸߼ʦ
ӦǹעĿɣôᣬǸ߼ʦͱսȥصˡ

Χ۷׷ףһϸҶǳ
ܶ˶ҶǳȼϾôɢ޸߼ʦʵ̫ϡˣǾҶǳŪ٣עĿˡ
ͣ
ڴʱҶǳָһһɫĻָ漴ԽԽߣΪһûʼ׳ɳϵһƬƬҶʵһ
󣡡
Ҷǳٴָһϱĳһţ漴Ϊһֻ񣬼УӻϷ߿գȻڰлΪһƬ䣬ǳ
Χ˶ˣ˳뻯ĿػˮƽһͨˣܲµõҶǳȼܸߡ
⡭Ǹ߼ʦĿػˮƽҶǳĻӵֱ۾һš
漴ǰѵλ߼ʦѯʵǰ𣿡
λ߼ʦƳһۣ漴̾ؿҶǳ̾ػˮƽȼʦˣò˵λСϵ츳̫ˣɢޣᣬܳΪһ¸صʦˡ
ҿô𾪣漴һ죬ΪԼ֮ǰҪҶǳĵͽֱڹعǰˣ󵶣˶Ѽˡ
繫ӣӭμӵᡣ
ʱǰİ׷ִѾЦݵվӭҶǳᣬһ·Ϸǳ˵ţᶼ˹սҵʦһЩʦҲżȥд辭飬ϣס졣

ӿ뿪ҶǳɵĽ
ͬʱ֣ҲŶӱСΧڴˡ
ܹӵдʦĿػˮƽȼ
Ȼܡ


547 
ɢ޺˵һ˫ӮĽᣬɢǿԽ˼ᣬҲܽһЩɢеţӶ׳Լ
ԣҶǳɢţǷǳĵĿ
ǸҶǳһľԺ䣬Ժﻹ˾ʹԺǳŨ
Ҫ֪ͱս½Ũ񵤳ڵԵе͸Ũˡ
ټϾãôҶǳڵԺԶԶս½ˡ
Ʊս½Ũ˼ٱ
Ҷǳ۾ԸӦƬ̣˫ľ˵
Ҫ֪֮еҲֻǱս½Ũʮѡ
֪Ժõľжô
Էᣬֱ׷ս磬ܹóľҲ
ѹЩǿԸս½İҲҪǰðգò˵ĻԵ̫ˡ
Ҷǳ漴һп֮ɫ
ǺҪս½Ũʮһ죬൱ս½ʮ졣
ᡢսĴڲžŨϰٱǾ͸ӱ̬ˡ
츳ٺãҲܲס˵ð
Ժûеҩһ֮ҵΪһΡ
ҶǳĿ˸
Լں⽨һ
ëʦͬʱҲʦԲó־
ֻҪܹҵһ޴ôܽһŨԺǱչأǺôʵ̫ˡ
ѺĿǰҪĻǵӮõǰ
׼ʥҶǳ־ڱصá
εƼʦЩɢʦҶǳûκвǸսҵʦвǾ;ʹˣϾս࣬϶
ȻҶǳвģʦ
ⵤٰģǼҵʦȡͷ̫
ԣҶǳҲѹΪԼƱټϴʦĿػˮƽڻ棬ǳԽ˵ġ
Ǹ߼ʦˮƽȴЩðˡ
Ҷǳҿ϶ε϶вٴʦʦϾһµʦܲμӣҶǳû˻ﵽʦ
ʵϣҶǳ츳ٸʮ꣬ԿԳΪʦˡ
Щսҵʦʦ츳ҶǳһЩ˼ʮ꣬Ϊʦʦпܡ
֮⣬Щ˱ҶǳһƣǾǶò׼ʥʱȻƳ׼ʥĵҩҶǳôȣ
֪׼ʥΨֵҩҩЧҲǳãҵõõսʼѪС
Ҷǳɵüͷ
ɸΪ֮ҪҩĲС
ҩܹõϾɱлҴһЩлҳϣǵĿռָõ˲ҩġ
ңǵǣǿҩĵĵ̣ȫԹҩġ
ΨѪǳϡ٣Щ鷳
뵽Ҷǳ뿪Ժӣȥ׼ȥѰѪ
֪εĵһԾԼ׼ҩԼֵĵҩܴӱǺıҲͲüˣ޷Ӯǰ
εƼʦкֵܶǿߣѪȻ󣬵Ҳδزҵõ
Ҷǳһ߳ȥһߵ
ţȻҶǳͣסŲؿǰӭһϤӰǰɫ£ȶˣһͷڷ磬ͬٲ£ӭ趯
Ӵžգֳʡ
ǰ
ҶǳЩȣ漴ȻһЦ˵Ϊ츳ڣӵܲصˣ츳ⵤǲμӵҲǺġ
Եְ
ϧϣ
ҶǳŰһ̾Ͼڸıݣܱ¶ҶǳݣҲӶˡ
ȵң
һ
ҶǳĿȥڰһѸ׷סĽ֮ɫǣ϶ﲻϤҴȥߣ𣿡
ţ
Ҷǳ۾һУϳˣ³ʱǱŸϳģȻһԱˡ
ŵĸ׵ʱ³ֲĲǸˣĶҲ˵
ǰţҶǳд⣬Ҳûʲôŭ֮ɫϾںŲ̫󣬶ԷУûʲô
ڸң˵Щͷ
³ǵܲһֱ


548 ȷϹ
ôʱˣѵҶ𣿡ſŭʱͷϾڵİѾǳҫ۵ţϵĵλҲѷɫ١
Ļϵĵλֱǿˡ
ʲôʲôϵңǲϲġü壬漴˵ǰȥ
ӹҶǳԱʱһ˿Ի󣬶࿴ҶǳһۣҶǳİ׺󣬲ɵҡҡͷǰȥ
ҶǳȣŮ˵ֱǿֲıòģȻЩӦǴ񿴳ġ
Ͼû취ıġ

ʱŸϰĽŲ̧ƾҶǳ
Ȼ෬ܾô˺ŭֲùֻұĵطйˡ
պãղŶ࿴ҶǳһۣЩˣϾѾܾûۿһˡ
£ž׼һƿҶǳ
ʱ򣬳ͻôżȻ
Ҷǳû뵽Լ·ǵţпЦҲɵһɷŭץסƹƣݺݵһ
ЦҶǳﵽ˴С⾳磬ж
ֱֲ

Ĳҽʱŵд
ǰİɻתͷʱҶǳץסŵƣ׶ЩŤˣͷ󺹣Ȼܵĳʹࡣ
쵰ſң֪˭ҵĳϣʦʦң߳ǡ
һʹУһŭ
ҶǳЦƣ㻹ʲôϢϧʦһλʦûʲôв
أ
˵գҶǳһ߳ͰŵһʺòǱ
ͣԶİݸһЦͬһĽޣʧɫ
߳ŭȻԼİ֮ǰĳŭ𣬵սһȭҶǳ
ϧսʵҶǳǾȫֵһᡣ
οֻʦһΪ棬ȵսḻҶǳ
ʵϣʦʺսֻԾѹˣϾǵʱ䶼ķ棬йдսġ
ǲ
ֻһ졣
Ҷǳһָ͵סźȭͷָдǹǿֱ۶ˡ
Ŷʱ۵ôС
ףԶ΢΢һЩȵؿҶǳ΢΢Щ𺳣ϾҲߣһλսҶǳǿҲֻһָܶԸҶǳսʡ
ǰҶǳֻսͱҶǳ츳ǿ
ֻǣҶǳڹǾ˵Ҷǳ츳Ҳ
ϾˣҲ֪εᱨĹֻЩֳǿ츳ˣʸסΪ׼Ĺ
ս츳ǿ츳ҲߵˣðҶǳ
ҶҲ㣡
뵽Ů˾ǶƸУʱһС󣬶ܹ뵽һЩҪ˺¡
ͬʱҲٶȿҶǳһĨϤ˶ɵһ
񡭡

Ҷǳĵ׺ҪϵҶǳ񣬺ǰİ˵ôϤ
šǿһһǰļᶨ
ǰİ˵棬ЩϤ־ǰֻҶǳ濴
Ҷ硭
ɵõૣôճյؿҶǳ
һʹеŸӼʺͷŭŭҧгݵصҶǳ쵰ţҲŹġ
˵ֱ꣬ˡ
ȻղźҶǳսѾҶǳжôǿ󣬲Կģȥ˲С
ҶǳмŵвֻЩȺɻؿĵᱻѾͷϳ˰ɣ
ҶǳЩŮ˵ֱʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ磡
Ҷǳ֮зһĨϲɫ˵
ҶǳһЦ˵ʲôʲôͨϳϤϤʲôز
ҶǳЩжĪϲá
ҽг磡Ҷǳ漴˵ûгϣҲûзֻ˵Լݵ֡
ȻȻǳ뵽Ҷǳڵ֪ΪʲôҶǳˡ
£չһЦ磬ҽаܸʶ㡣
ȻҶǳ뱩¶ݣȻҲ¶ҶǳݣʶǺܺ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҲܸˣ
ʱЦˡ


549 
ǣһֵĽֵϣҶǳͰš
ΧȺҶǳԵİҶǳͶʡĽĿ⡣
ϾƯͷʺܸߡ

ʲôʱǵģҶǳ΢΢ĿԱߵİʵ
ٴμҶǳԵúܿģɫ֮ǰ䣬һЦݣ֮ǰܲҪٰʱҾͱܲƼ˲
Ҷǳ˵ͷ԰츳μӵǺġ
ܲܺðɣڿѾΪʦʦ˰ɡҶǳЦ˵
΢΢һЦǫǰòǿ̤ʦ츳Һãܹܲ϶ᳬԽҵġ
ҿɱȲ㣬ҲǸ߼ʦҶǳЦ
ҡҡͷ漴ҶǳһĨţ˵ֲ޵϶һΪʦʦˡ
ˡҶǳЦ԰κܸж
ǣŷĽ־һ˵Ц
ǽһҾ¥һԷ
ϯ䣬ҶǳЦ˵μӵᣬΪǰĽɣ
֪ҶǳҪʵô׼ʥĵ϶Ҫ
ϧй涨Ҳܰ׼ʥĵҶǳ

ҶǳͷЦεǰ־ڱصã׼ʥĵҺҪᵤ纣ôã֪ɷҽһֶҰܴ׼ʥʡҵʱȥһһѰ
ǺǣԲɵЦ绹ţⵤỹûпʼ׼Ҫʲô˰
ٺ٣˲㣬ʦһЩŵġҶǳЦ
ȴЦݣɫ΢΢ص磬ô룬Ǿʹˡβμӵкܹܶ࣬ﵽʦôȷӮǰǸ߼ʦǾͺˡ
ҶǳԲɵѯʵıҲһʱˣˣ֪жλʦʦμ𣿡
Щ߼ʦҶǳܹʤǡ
ҲֻЩʦʦҶǳĶ֡
ʦ
ɫ죬յϢֹѾʮλʦʦ
ô࣡Ҷǳͫһ
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ʲôʱʦʦ洦ɼˣ
뵽ǵǣۼս½ĶʦҶǳҲȻˡ
ҵľֻǶడϧҾʦһ㡣ҶǳЩ̾
ʵڰԳһƳ൤ҩ֮󣬾ʦѾܽˣֻǴʦ粻ôͻƵģҶǳϾʱݣڵеʱ͸ˣԵ̲һʱͻƵʦ
ԭǱڴʦƿ𣿡
һ漴ӿռָóһƤ飬ݸҶǳ˵ʦʦĵãоͻƴʦƿϣԳ硣
ҶǳӹƤ飬ʵûʦĴ
ʦһλ̫ϳϣһλʦɫ羴˵
ʲôҶǳһæеƤݸЦ̫ˣʦҪƷҿɲۿ
ʦ̫ϳϡ
Ҷǳû뵽ʦôţ
磬ȻʦѾ͸ˣǾҵģҿˡûмصʦҵġûнӹƤ΢΢Ц
⡭ҶǳЩɣϾⱾ̫ˡ
һλʦҪǴ˳ȥЩʦᷢġ
ʥҪ󰡡
ҶǳЩжԼ̫ˡ
ôڸ𣿡ҶǳٳûƤ飬ʱЩС죬һؿҶǳ
Ҷǳû뵽СŮ˵һĻһЦҾͲˣлˣ
Ŷʱ¶ĵЦݣգ߻㣬Ҷǳһ󷢴
ˣɫߺصͷ
ȿȣҶǳڨڨһЦæʵ˵ʱҪԱҩģֻһ׼ʥҩȱһλϣ֪ûУ
Ŷû뵽Ҳ֪׼ʥЩ;ȣ漴ʵʲôϣӦöаɣϾÿ춼ռҩģս½ҩǶС


550 ٵѪ
Ҫ˵ҩģս½ӵҩϾǾΪڵģÿĽǳӴ󣬲Ҫս½ҪЩսңڲ̺ҩĿ϶ࡣ
ĵλܸߣʦ̫ϳϣ϶ԲѯЩҩġ
£ҶǳЦ˵ѪҪѪսʼи߼սʼѪˡ
ѪԳƬ̣漴Ҷǳйâһ磬òҪѪ
ԭҲֵ֪ҩҶǳ΢΢ЦҪƵıΨһ֪׼ʥҩ
Цҡͷɲ׼ʥĵҩʥҩֻҪս𼶱ѪƵĳ
ս𼶱ѪҶǳһЦҡҡͷּǿߣǾ˭бȡѪҺ
˵ҲǣЦŵͷ漴ѪֻսѪᵹв١Ǵﵽսʼ޶ǳǿսʼѪҲϡ٣δҵõһȥѯ
ҶǳͷǾͰˣҲѪֲ֪׼ʥû취Ƴ׼ʥĵҩҲ޷Ӯǰˡ
磬ʵҲԵõ׼ʥԺȻһЦ
ŶҶǳɻؿ漴뵽ʲôҡͷòǰ׼ʥҰɣɲС
ҡͷй涨¶ңҲẦ㡣ǳ磬ȻĵôȫԺͱ˽μӵʦкܶ࣬ҲвٴʦʦеЩ˾Ͳ֪ĵԺǻȡͬﵽ׼ʥĵ
ף
Ҷǳ۾һ漴ϲôû뵽㣿׼ʥĵĵǽ˫׼ʥĵ˫Ӯľ氡û˲Ըġ
磬սҵʦĵģЩɢеʦûˡεʦҲһЩеɢ޴ʦʦǲԸʶȱ׼ʥȻȥҾ͸ϵǽ׵Ц˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷǾ鷳ˡ
˷£ҶǳͰһ߳ԷһЦ̸

ʱѾһҪҶǳ鷳ǸҲҶǳӰ
Ŷʱ޺޵˵쵰Ϊӵõߣȼĵᣬ϶ֵģʱÿ
˵գ뿪ˡ

극ҶǳͰصᣬ漴طֱǰԵס
صӣҶǳȲóʦ͸Ƥ飬ۿ
һλʦս½ʦѾߵĳɾͣصĵúǳ
ҶǳǰԼûмᣬҲûϵͳѧϰ
Ȿ֮УһλʦĵãҶǳ֮󣬽⿪˺ܶеյףͷ·Ȼʣڲϵǡ
ͺñһѧɲŵˣھӢʦĽ̵ѧʶͻͽر
Ҷǳô棬߲ݵعۿƤ飬һ麣࣬ϵе֪ʶ
ֱ󣬰ĵŽҶǳӳ֮оѡ
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ΪֻǹȥƬʱأû뵽ȴǹȥ졣
磬㿴̫ˣҲҲաЦ˵
Ǻǣʵ̫ˣĵú͸ҰܴҪлˣҸмҾʦʦֻһĤˣʱпͻƵʦ硣
ҶǳЦЦ漴ʵӦøҴ˺Ϣɡ
ЦŵͷǺϢҪĸ߼սʼѪһݣǼֵܸߣ֪𡣡
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ë֮ǰںԳһ༫ƷҲëõһЩ
ңҶǳ֮ǰɱлҵλϣлҴҲõ˲ټƷ
ƷֵҲգʮƷܶһǷѪ˵
Ҷǳ𾪵ʮƷսʼѪô󣿡
Ǿս۷弶޵Ѫ˵Ҫ̤ս𼶱ˣ˵治󡣡Ҷǳһۣ˵Ѳһ̰ļƷҳ湺Ѫ㡣
ȿȣᣬֻЩȰˡҶǳڨڨһЦæóʮƷ
㣡漴ҲͶһѪҶǳ
ҶǳʱжΪȻѾѪһˣ𣬰ҲѪ͸


551 Ѫ
Ѫǿ󣬿Ѿһֻ̤ս𾳽磬˵ǰ벽սҲΪѹֻô󡣡
ҶǳеѪӦһǿԼ֮ǰлҶõľսѪҪǿࡣ
Žʶ̽УʱоһӿȵѪڵҽޱȣ̺ͺͿ񱩵һɷŭ־ϵسҶǳ
䣡
ΧնһѪ̺֮ǿ־ϯһɿµơ
Ҳ֮ҡˮһˣʹҶǳڵĵطһƬյش
ŵŵţ
ĪƸúˣЩĵؿҶǳ硣
ްҶǳջʶ΢΢ЦŵҵȷǶ֣һЩѪҺ˲ҡ
Ҷǳš
ľﵽ˵ڶʯ磬־ޱǿѪ̺־޷˵
ǰˣиеˣڵҲѾ̤ս磬Ѫǿ󣬻һս޷ֵе־һսҲûҶǳղôɡ
ɴ˿ɼҶǳжôǿ
ѪҾͿˡ˵ϵɢ޽Ը⽻𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵ
΢ЦȻԸ⽻Ͼʵǳ󡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷϣһЩʵаĵǶûõ׼ʥǾ˰ɡ
Ҷǳ̤һΪʵʵǶûôɲΪһʦ
׳˼㷢Ц˵ѾϵλʦɢʦǸһ׼ʥֵ÷ֱΪսΪоľΪģͿҪȡˣһ𶼻
ֶҪͣ
Ҷǳ۾һ漴ʵ˵˵Чж𣿲˵ڵʵսȰսʣҵľΪҲﵽ˵ڶʯ磬ǳԽﵽ˴С⾳磬ֵ֪ûô
ʲô
Ҷǳʵɵ𺳣һӣС춼ŵϴƺЩš
սʣ붼롣
˵ڶεľΪдС⾳ǿ
绹ɵ壬ǿҶǳһɳ𣬴СطһǶս½ġ
̶ʱ䰡Ҷǳɳʵ̫ˡ
ڵҶǳѾˡ
㱼䣬һ࣬·оԼҶǳľ롣
Ϊ̫󣬶ĸĤ
΢΢ҡҡͷԺеĸ˼Ҷǳ磬ڶεľΪ¾ʥҩ޷ˡλɢ޵׼ʥֻܰ㽫磬Ѿﵽ˴С⾳磬Ȼûôˡ
Ȼ
ҶǳҲԼľû취õҩϾѾﵽս½ĲΣʥҩѰһֻܿԼˡ
Ϊ׼ʥҩӦöеô
ҶǳϻָһϲɫЦ˵һλɢ޵׼ʥѪֵҩ԰սǿΪҩǳԵֱޣٲһЩҩģɵҩֵҩиãΪ̺޵ǿ־Ѫһһ־ǿľΪģ޷ֵҩ
漴ҶǳղɵֵѪ־һĻɵ΢΢Цľﵽ˵ڶΣ־ҲǿޱȣҪӵѪĸá

ҶǳϲЦ˵ⵤҩ·רΪƵģңһսʵȷֵҩ
ûǳѪǿˣ֮Կࡣ˵
ҶǳҡҡͷЦֲǶһݣҲûʲôң͵ҩͬҩȥûˣǵ㽻ΣӵУҲԿ
Ȼ翴ÿھȥϵλɢޣ㽻Ц˵
ͷˣҶǳ˵ͷ
΢΢һЦ漴ȥ
úһλߣŻɫ۵İ׷ͷ˽
ҽѪ𣿡۰׷ͷҶǳӣвɵһ˿ȣ漴ʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢ףóĵ˵
ܹסĹˣڴڵϵı֡۰׷ЦЦ漴óѪĵҶǳ
õԷĵϾԭعۿ
Σ۰׷ЦſҶǳǶԵġ
ҲһҶǳ˵ͷҲѪ
죡۰׷ûоϾ͸ȥ


552 
ѪҶǳо
ѪƷʽҪࡣ
ңѪҪҩҲǺٲѪôϡ٣ҶǳԴ˷ǳϲ
ΪѪҪҩĺͨΨһҩıһֻսʼޣʲô඼С
ս½ּ޺ϡ٣Ǻ⣬ǳǰ޺֮Уսʼޡ
ԣҶǳҪƶٿѪҩĶӵУֻҪȥ޺ɱսʼ޾ˡ
ѪҩЧԶԶȲҶǳоһżʮѪ²һ
ҶǳйϾ޺սʼкܶ࣬ҩҲܹڵõѪ㹻սʾˡ
ңѾһѪƳӦܹʵһ㡣
ǻˣòǰѪҾûаһˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц
ͬʱëǵõϢ϶ܸ˵ġ
Ͼëûƿһõ㹻ѪôΪֱ
СҲл̤սʾˡ

죬ûҶǳȻڼҲ׼ˡ
ҶǳһڵռѪҪҩģһ߼ۿʦƤϣͻƵʦ
պ󣬵Ὺʼˣǵˣ඼ϵǵĹ㳡ϣ׼Ħⳡʢᡣ
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ʱ㳡Ѿڷźһ̨һŵţռ㳡
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˾
Ҷǳ࣬λ϶࿴˼ִۣ˲ʦΪҲɲ⣬ս𾳽硣
ҲʦȻʱ仨ѵ棬ǿԳԵҩΪʦܹԼΪս𾳽Ҳ
ţ
ڴʱƺӦĿҶǳ
ҶǳæջĿ⡣
鿴ҶǳЩҲû⣬漴Цһ쵤ˣִ˽쵤ᣬǲʤҡ
㳡
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Ļ£˸Ҷǳһݷϡ
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ڳĶǸ߼ʦƳҩ˵ɣҪѵҩƵǾͲɡ
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ĵҩƢƮʮ
ﵽⵤҩ
Ҷǳ𣬱ĿػˮƽҲǴʦҪﵽס
úҶǳƵĵҩ¯ˣʮŵҩŨ
ҶǳûעĿΪ㳡г˾ųɵʦƳ
ȻЩ߼ʦ˵ܹƳĳҩǺġ
ֻһЩʦӲ̫ãûƳӶ̭ˡ
ڶмҩҪͬٶȿ˵
һݷҩٴα
Ҷǳơ
Ƭ̺ҶǳͽмҩƳˡ
һҶǳͬûǵĹעΪ㳡ϻǧ˶Ƴмҩ
Ƹ߼ҩҲЦ˵
һΣ㳡ϲɫˣһЩŵˣ˿̶ɫ
Ͼ󲿷˶Ǹ߼ʦܹƳ߼ҩǺģҪƳĸ߼ҩǾͺѡ
Ҳ˳š
˵İ
˵Щսҵʦ
У硭Ҷǳ
ͣ
ҶǳָһͷųеһֽԻ棬ʼϡ
úҶǳƮʮʮţø˲Ŀһ¶֮ɫ
㳡ϣһЩֵˣĿͶҶǳԵú𾪡
ϾҶǳݺᣬôܹƳĸ߼ҩ츳ʵ̫ǿˡ


553 Ŀ
ʮţ
ʦһ˭ôʶ
ģѵĳսң
ţ϶ɢޡ

˿Ҷǳһ۷׷ס
̨ϵ飬ȵؿҶǳһۣĿ֮дһĨ֮ɫ
ߣ
ʱԶһߡ
һ洩źɫ۵һ֣ɫĻŵ¯漴¯Ƿʮŵҩ֣˱ǡ

˾ꡣ
ȻؿҶǳһЦ֮ɫ
ʶǿս׼ҵʦ׸߸裡ȺУ˾
ҶǳԱߣһλ߼ʦһɫĻ棬ʱ𾪵Ǵ˵е𣬺ų棬ֻǿս׼ҲӵС
ԭǳǿսң
˵ս½ĴǿսңֱҶҡ׼ҡԼҺңû뵽ܹһ
ε˼ˣǿսҵʦˣ׼ҿǺųƵһʦ塣

㳡һƬȻȺ۷׷ס
ҶǳҲ΢΢Ŀ׸߸衣
׼Ҷǳûǣѩͱ°ߵ׼ңĲ
˻ʱ֤һȥ׼Ҿѩ
ټϻʵ¼ʹҶǳ׼ûʲôӡ

ʱԶİҲˣͬĸ߼ҩ
ټϰǾգʱڳ˵ע⣬λ׸߸衣
ǰӣ
ʲôӣ
Ȼ֪ӣǺųһĵһʦѾΪʦʦˣʦͬһλ̫ϳϡ
ֻ֪ƯŮ񰡣

㳡˵Ŀⶼ׸߸衢Ҷǳˣȫ˰
ϾŮ̫ˡ
ңΪһĵһţȻĿ
Ӱ׼׸߸裬ӡ׸߸ŲԶİңңȭݿţʲǸ˧硣
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׸߸һɫûмǱԼķȣò͵Ŀ⡣
ʱ鿪˵ûƳʦ˳ɡ
ʱڳ߼ʦ׷˳ˡ
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Щ˳ʦҲΧۿ
ΪǶ֪Ҫ׼ʥĵҩˣֱ̫ˣЩʦˣĽζ
Ͼһ׼ʥҩ۸ˡ
ĳ
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ʮλʦҶǳڣ֮󣬶Щ
Ͼһ׼ʥĵǶԣҲǷǳкôġ
ʼɣ˵
ʮλʦûϿʼƵҩһ˼š
ƺ˼ӦҪƳʲôҩ
úһʼԼĿռָóϡ
ҶǳҲʼóĲϣȻõѪãѪȲ
ңҪʵһá
ͣ
Զ׸߸ų𣬿ʼϡ
Ŀľ괺Ƶĳ뻯ʦʦ磬Ƶҩ
ҶǳҲˡ
ûˣֱӷųɫĻ棬ȵĹâҫ۵ɫʣʱø˲Ŀ㳡һ˵ĿҲҶǳ
𣡡
˾
׸߸ǰһҶǳ𣬾ϳˡ
Եú𾪣ȻӵѲҲ׼ҵ
ô᣿
׸߸ҲҶǳͫһš
̨ϣĿصؿҶǳ𾪡
Ҷ硭Ҳ𾪵ؿҶǳ֪Ҷǳӵ̫𣬵ȴ֪ҶǳȻӵ
ǿǺųĻ棬κһʦ
ԽҶǳɲˡ
ʵΪҶǳô
Сӣ㲻׼ҵˣôӵ𣿡ͻȻ׸߸ضҶǳȵ
ףҶǳ׼ҵˡ
׸߸Ͳô˵ˡ
һ׼ҵˣȻӵ˸ӺҶǳˡ
ңӣҶǳƺҲˣ򲻿ôĬĬ


554 ͻƿ
ôģֲ׼ҵĶУΪʲôҲӵУ׸߸ʣҶǳӦ
ЩȵؿҶǳƺû뵽ҶǳôӲǿսҵӵܣҲôֱ׳
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ѵǳĳսң
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׸߸һͣ漴Цɢޣû뵽ɢ֮Ҳˣ׸߸ɲüѹˣһ㡣
˵գ׸߸費ҶǳϾԼĵҩˣ޷ٷġ
ҲһʼרԼĵҩ
ϾҶǳ׸߸λӵʦǵѹܴټϰٲŬǰ͵òˡ
ҶǳҲʼרϾغǷõǰغ֮Ϊ
ȻԽãԽ࣬ôҶǳİԽ
ͣ
ҶǳȫĵͶ뵽֮Уһ߿ҩģһ߻Ƥмصĵá
أҶǳһľ統С
㱼䣬һĨ⣬ҶǳԺһ
⡭
Ҷǳһ漴ϲá
֪ԼѾ˴ʦżˡ
£Ҷǳóһ£ȻĹЧƤͻĵá
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ҲֻλʦܹóҶǳʱ״
ǳڸ߼ʦ̤ʦʦʱһЩŻԵ̤磬ܹ֮ƵҩôԿƳĵҩ
Ϊ޹أǻԵ
ҶǳõԵԺΪкܴİ
δȻɢޣһҪյĿ˸뵽
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ͬʱʦǣҲʼһһ
ηӱֻŵҩǰʮˡ
ҷӲŵҩ
߿ŵҩǰˡ

ʦǿԼĳʱ۷׷ס
ͬʱҲҶǳ׸߸ˣϾ̫Ŀˡ
һ˿ŵҩŽӲӵĹâһƬ
ǰӣĵһŹȻ鴫˶ʱޡ
Ҷ磡֮󣬲ûжעǽĿתҶǳ
ҶǳƣΪ鷳һЩԺ
ңҶǳľ֮Уһ
ſţӮˣͻȻԶ׸߸˷ܵЦ
˷׷תͷȥ׸߸Ƴ˾ſŵҩ׼ʥĵҩȰҪ
׼ҵžǲһ
ȻûдﵽѾӽˡ
׼ҹȻǵһҡ
Ҳӵ𣬲ȻĻȰ
ҲǱʵбҲȥŪ

۷׷ס
˵Ŀ⣬׸߸裬תҶǳ
ʱֻʣҶǳһûгˡ
ߣСƵôǲˣվֻһ߼ʦ׸߸һЦΪҶǳܹƳ׼ʥҩϾҶǳֻһλ߼ʦ
ϧ֪ҶǳѾ̤˴ʦʦ磬ڻ״̬֮С
Ҷ磬ͣҶǳĬ
֪ҶǳҪǰڵƳ߿ŵҩҶǳó˲С
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׸߸һʦûпҶǳʱ״̬ȻͲô׵ˡ
ͣ
һϯ
Ҷǳͺһڳˡ
䣡
¯ǷһƬŨ㴫㳡ϵ˶һ漴һ
ζôŨң϶˷׷뵽漴һҶǳĵ¯֮пȥ
ʮŽӲӵѻڵ¯֮Уͷųҫ۵Ĺâ

㳡һƬš
͵ػȻһƬ


555 

찡
ôܣֻһλ߼ʦ
ʮŵҩôŨң

㳡һƬ
˶һĻˡ
Ҷ磡
־ϲؿҶǳҲû뵽ҶǳȻƳʵ̫ˡ
η
δؽ
ԺԻ̤ʦ硣

һЩʦʦҲڸ̾š
ᣬôߵ츳ɵӶ֪Ҷǳǰ;
һ̣ҶǳĿ˵Ŀⶼ۵ϡ
ٲʦļ֮⣬˶Ľ;壬һЩ˵Ŀ⡣
ʦս½ĵλܸߣΪսУԱûвƳĵҩȴһزٵġ
һԼûвȴаְҵսҵˣһЩܸߵʦء
ҶǳעԳΪʦˣۼһԷһӭܸߣԱȼЩս
һʱ䣬ܶ˶ҪύҶǳϾʶһλǿʦԺҲһ·
Ҫ֪ʦշǺܸߵģҪֻᣬֻ׸ˡ
ԣΪɢʦɢеĸ߼ʦǾ͸ˣ˶Ը£һλɢʦ
ôᶼܹƳ׼ʥҩʶԺõȥЩ߰ʦ𣿡
ҸӴһ¡

ǹ㳡ϴ󲿷˵˼
ͬʱҲ¸̨ҶǳЦС츳Ⱥǰ;չ涨εĵһˣӦûɡ
ΧĴʦʦĬûϾǵ۹ⶼ֪ǿҩЧοķڷ
Ҳ⣬ǾǲԶɫ׸߸衣
飡׸߸һ˹Ҷǳһ߼ʦȴƳ𣿾츳ٸߣҲҪ̤ʦУս½ʷϣҲûгָ߼ʦƳ׼ʥҩӡ
ҶǳЦһǵƵĵҩѵŪ٣׼䲻𣿡
Χ˶׷׵ͷҶǳǵƵҩô˫۾ţôŪ٣
˶ɵÿ׸߸裬λ׼ҵʦڼҶǳĿⶼЩ
׸߸ܵ˵Ŀ⣬ɵɫҶǳСǰսĿػˮƽǴʦ٣Ѿƺõ͵͵Ž¯һδؿԿó
Ҷǳ༥һЦǰս㻹սأǷҲԻŪ١
ߣǿսӵܣõŪһĵһΪһںμӣҲѡ׸߸һм
⻰ԱߵɫЩѿϾƵʢᣬȴ׸߸赱ˣĵطҪǴȥ׸߸Ӯ˵һǶˡ
£俪˵λ׼ҵĹӣҿ֤繫Ӳû١
˼ɵ飬׸߸ȴں飬ЩսҶй˼ɣ׼Ҿǳġ
ȣ׼ǿսңʵԶսҡΣ׼ǵһʦ壬Ҫĵҩ֧֣ҲͲµˡ
ԣĻ׸߸ߵǿ츳Ҫ£ᣬȻô˵ʦľ磬ѵ᲻֪߼ʦǲƳġ
Եͷ˵Ĳ߼ʦȷ޷Ƴ
⻰һΧʱһƬȻ
ѵҶǳˣ
ҲԾؿ飬̶һ֮ɫ
ʦǿ׸߸Ц
һû˵꣡΢΢һЦ漴תͷҶǳϲСĹͻƿ̤ʦ磬﹧ϲˡ
ʲô׸߸һ
ҶǳЦſ飺Ҳǽңؼʱ̤ʦȻҲƳ
ǺǣⶼСѵ츳ȺЦ漴תͷ׸߸裬˵׹ӣ߼ʦǲƳǴʦͿˡȻ㻳ĻҲó繫ӵһεҩʦˮƽӦܹѾ̤ʦˡ
׸߸ɫȻô˵ˣҶǳҲһţȻỳĻûз˵ڱͻƿ̤˴ʦǸո̤ʦƳÿ𣿡
أһؿ׸߸衣
ΧĴʦʦͫһ̶һ֮ɫ


556 ʧ

κһλʦʦﲻİΪڽ߼ʦ;Уϣ̤⾳磬ȴ˿һ
ôܣ׸߸һ𾪵ؿҶǳڽʦʦʱ򣬶ṳ̂硣
Ц˵繫ӵ츳ǿ̤ʦĹؼʱҲ̤ľ磬ľ統ƳġڳĴʦʦӦ֮Ƶĵҩ˵׼ʥҩˣʥĵҩǶǻﵽ
һڳĴʦʦ׷׵ͷǶ֪
׸߸Ҳû취Ϊ֪顣
һЩ߼ʦǣ΢΢ͷҲ˵ҲϣԼڽʦʱܹһΡ
Ϊܹڽʦ̤ʦδԿ԰ٷ֮ٵسΪʦ
֪׹ӻ𣿡һ䵭ؿ׸߸ʵ
λ׼ҵʦȻûжٺøС
ʵϣ׼Һ᱾ھڶΪ˵ҩ֧ᣬͱ׼Ҹˡ
׸߸μӵᣬҲΪҪġ
ҪкøвŹ֡
ߣ
׸߸һֱ̤뿪ǡ
Χ˿ĿⶼЩֵֹˣҲûڴ˵ˣǰĽλ׼ҵʦ˵ֵһᣬϾʥ֪ܶ֡
УǿսҵҲ䲻𰡣
һ߸Ϲˣ˴Ǳַ˴϶ˬˡ
֪ΪʲôЩսҵű˴رˬ
ٺ٣Ҳǣ

㳡һЩֵ۷׷ס
սҵӵܿս½ķˣս½ķȻҲˬսҵӵܡ
ϾҶս½ģֻһڣ͸߸ϣ˵ɷˣȻˬ
繫ӣ
繫ӡ
׸߸뿪ˣ˲⣬ЩսҸ߸ϵţǶܲˬԷ׷Ҷǳ̤ʦһҪύҶǳ
ϾҶǳ̤ʦʱҲ̤磬δעһλʦ
һλӵʦ˵Ϊĵһˣ˭ύţ
ҶǳҲҪЩʦʦԷǳغǽ̸һҲûΪ츳Դڳʦޡ
繫ӣչ涨ѡһ׼ʥе׼ʥֺҩЧȿѡ񡣡ЦҶǳܿϾϣҶǳᡣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˸ǣϢȥˡ
Ͼ෬ƵҩƳ׼ʥĵҩҲܴܺ
ңո̤ʦʦ磬Ҫչغúøһ£ܴĻᡣ
Ҳ֪Ҷǳ˰ڣûдҶǳ
һգҶǳչء
ֱȹ˴ʦʦҶǳųء
֮ҶǳͿʼۿЩ׼ʥò˵ⷽĲЩࡣ
ЩΪЩľΪЩǿаЩ˵ġȵȣеһĿȻ
ˣҶǳɶˣ÷ʱһ鿴
ȣҶǳųЩľĵҩľΪΪѾ׼ʥҩܹˣʥҩ
ȻĻս½ϵߣܹﵽľڶΣﵽС⾳ҲͲôϡˡ
ҶǳصۿΪģ˵ҲԴһ£ϾЩսҵӵܱıΪҪ棬ǾͱΪȥ
ȻҶǳѾѪѪҲֻܰսʾ磬ﵽսʵʱ򣬹ҩЧͺܵˡ
ǵҶǳ׼ʥ֮󣬾ͳʧˡ
ΪûҪĵ
ЩΪ׼ʥоãҶǳѾˣ߱ǺѪҩЧĵҶǳѪҲͲҪˣϾѪʺϣҩŪ֡
ֻʥҩܰսʾΪ
Ҷǳ뵽
ϧĽֻ׼ʥʥ
ʵϣʥս½ĵκһᵱأй¶ȥġ
ҶǳᣬлӴʥ
뵽ҶǳȥѰҰ׼ᣬǼٵģûȥõʥϾԼʵҪġ
ҶǳԼϣӦúܴ󣬱Ͼ츳鶼£Ӧò⡣


557 С
ͿŰɣ
סһϤ
Ҷǳһ֪ţɵüͷĵһﻹǷˣ°Ӳù
뵽ҶǳбҪ鷳
£Ҷǳ˹ȥ󺰴еţϴεĽѵ
㣡ŻͷҶǳʱͫһĿ֮һĨɵ
ȥˣѾǣҲһԱȻ֪ܲ
ԭŻҶǳ𣬵ǵ֪ҶǳǿƶõĵһͲôˡ
ϾҲǰ׳գ֪£ҶǳҶǳ츳һᣬôλ׶ȻҶǳ
ϲ㣬پȥҲֻȤ
Ҷǳ˹
̲ס˼Ͼ֪ҶǳʵǿȫǶ֡
ߣҶģܹ׵ġȻɵҶǳΪ˰ҧײ
֨
ʱ򣬰Ҷǳɵôš
磡Ҷǳʱ¶Цݡ
һԵźܼʣǴûпЦݣ찡ȻðĽʱʹҶǳ
Ŀɱ˵ĻҶǳѾ˺ܶˡ

ҶǳЦȥȻڰ㵵ĿУϸ֣תͷߵҵŮˣԺٴҼһδһΡ
Ҷ硭⻰ߣͷ
ſҶǳǣ֣ʱ۾ˣŭسҶǳҲԼǲҶǳĶ֡
䣡
Ҷǳһ˹ȥֱӰźԺ档
ߣҶǳ漴Ű뿪
ŭ۾ԹصҶǳӱӰ
ܲġ
磡
ҧгݡ
츳ǺܸߣʵҲǿҪҲûа취гɱ⡣

ǵĽֵϡ
ҶǳƤŰ֣һ˵ԺǸӦòˡ
Ҷǳ֣ߺ죬ͷʵϾҪܲˣܲʦڣҲҡ
뿪˰ҶǳԶʱһᡣ
пտܲҰҲܲᣬ漴Ц
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵һȥ㣬ˣҪᣬ֪Ҫʲô
Ǻǣ⻹ףЦ̫ϳѾ˵ˣֻҪԸᣬֱΪϣﻹҪʲô
ϵǰɡҶǳЦЦ漴ʵˣȻҼᣬôǷԵõʥЩ׼ʥĵҶˣҵЧ󡣡
ԳЩѶȡҲ֪ʥйûб߳ᣬôţĴʦϵλͿԱһʥϧڲżģΪ˷ֹʥйȿĲС
ģҪο飿ҶǳЦ֪ʥô׻á
㷢գ˵ʱ͹飬ʱʮ꣬ʮڣ۲һΪжǷġڹףͨΪƵҩһЩԼ̵һЩ֪ʶȵȣЩܻĹ׵㣬׵ﵽһ̶ȣͿֱӶһʥˡ
鷳ʮ갡ҿɵȲ𡣡Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ʮʱ̫ˣȲ
΢΢Ц磬ѾǴʦʦˣλȥ֮ҾͿѡһʥʱƵҩˣұ֤ȡκηáȻû𣬿ûƵĺá
ǶлˣҪܹΪĵҩԽԽáҶǳ۾һæ˵
˵ͷ

ĳҿջ
׸߸迴ǰţɫʱ˵㲻ȻʶҲ֪ǴʦʦĳϣΪҲѾ̤սʼһսô֪ƭҵĺ𣿡
׹ӣţҸףҽ˸׵ġæ˵ǿսҵӵܣǷǳηġ
ŶĶӣʲô飿׸߸ɱضš
׹ӣ֪Ҫ£ҸףӶԸᣬҿ԰æҲðһæҧ˵
ʲôæ׸߸йâһʵ
ɱ˳磡ɭ˵


558 
磿
׸߸֣ɫӱˣμӵᣬ׼ͷӶ·ɱҶǳҧļƻһȻˬ
ңһɢޣȻ츳ҪߣòŹء
ֻ׸߸費һˣǰţ˵ΪҪɱ磿
ҧгݵ˵İ֮ˣҪ𣿡
׸߸˵ͷΪĳɱʵ̫ˣˣΪһЩԴ״֣ɱˣǶǺġ
㱼䣬׸߸ԺӰΪɡ
뵽׸߸ŵͷɱԣҪȷǲƭң
׹ӣĴôƭǲæ˵
׸߸ȻҲŲƭԼҪһ㣬³ҿ԰㣬ŵҩó¡
˵գ׸߸óһźɫĵҩݸš
Ŷʱͫһ
ҲһλʦԵҩЩ⣬ǰźɫҩ⿴ξ֪Ǻöôҳԣ
׹ӣͲ˰ɡſ׸߸裬ڨڨ˵
׸߸ЦԼԴĵҩĳ޵־ҽΪϵһ´˵ûнҩĻȵҩҩͻɰ׳ա
㡭Ŷʱŭֵҩôҳԡ
׸߸ߵҪҳְæ͵øۣģϵҩЧҪŻֻᷢҪӦҲ߷㸸ףʱȻҩϾ£ظףôܻ㸸ء
ԳĬˣ˸ԥĹâ
׸߸迴˵ɣţּᣬԺϰһ㻹л𣿡
ãҳԣŶʱ̧ͷҧӹ׸߸еϵ̷ȥ
ս˫ȭԹ˵Ҫĺң
׸߸Цģ㲻˵ҲɣһὫնƬȻƳɵҩʱ͸㡣
ǾͶл׹ˡɭЦ

ͬʱҶǳѾͰˣϵ飬˼
ԴˣҶǳͳΪһ᳤ˡ
ڵĽҶǳѡһֶԻָƺа׼ʥϾҪںⴳάܶΣգָƵĵҩȻǱز١
գҶǳһڵǹѪҩģһŰ֡
ֱ뿪ǣܲҶǳűչط
ʮϴεҩЧã֪ܹ
Ҷǳеʮ뵽
ҲЩģϾΪǿЧҲԽԽˡ
ϴսʱŰΪһ㣬Ѿǰսˣ֪ҪķѶٿһΪ
Ҷǳʼ
һſҶǳΪڲϵš
սڡսڡս۷塭
ҶǳΪ˾սڡ
Ҷǳʣµ
Ƭ̣ҶǳΪӾս˾սڣûмˡ
ʮѾˡ
սڣ
Ҷǳ۾ЩʧһΪ̤ʮս磬ֻȥ޺ͼǻϣȻɱޣѪȡһ̤֮սʾ硣
գҶǳ׼뿪ˡ
׼ѪҩҲչˣչҲˣëƵЩƷˣѻƽ𱦽ҲȻܡ
ٺضǱҶǳɱһЩ޻ȡҩģҪ֪һЩǿޣȫǱǳ˻ӭ
޺еޣǰʵȥɱ
ҶǳԼǺŵġ
Ѿ̤˾ս磬ټǿĴС⾳ԼսϣаʥֻҪս𼶱ޣܹ֮һս
ȸ硢Сǻϡ
뿪ᣬҶǳóͼҵëԼ˵λã̤ն𣬳Ϲȥ
ͬʱǵһҿջ֮У׸߸ƿҶǳʧıӰǳһĨЦݡ
뿪𣿡
ڵǣһɱ㣬ϾѾᣬһܹȻᡣ棬ٺ٣ô࣬˭֪ôġ

׸߸һЦ漴Ҳ̤ն𣬳Ҷǳķ׷ȥ
׼Գ֣ΪԼţȻҲһλʦϾǿսңսҲǿ̤š
ңһλսʣȻҶǳսʦ


559 ׷ɱ
Ǿ˵ԶҶǳٶȣҲͼĹˡ
ţ˸ң
뿪ǺҶǳԼʱ󣬶ʱüͷһ壬ɫ漴
ľﵽڶκҶǳʶҲǿ࣬ͨǿʶܹӦԼһǿϢڲϵؽӽ
ңϢЩϤ
׸߸裡
Ҷǳ۾һУϾˡ
ΪӦϢ
ڵǣ֮⣬Ҳֻ׸߸ˡ
һҸʲôѵΪڵңҪޣҶǳ˼⣬漴ͣڰУȴ׸߸赽
Ȼ׸߸սʣɵϾʵҪԶһսʡ
ο׸߸վֻһʦս϶㡣
ҶǳǴǿ߶ɱǿսѵẦһʦʲôЦ
ݣ
ҶǳͣƬ̺󣬲ԶһӰٶܿͽӽҶǳǰ¶׸߸ģ
׸߸迴ҶǳȻɵһ̣Ц磬ּˡ
Χ̺ûʲôע⣬ɵЦݸˡ
Ҷǳһ飬֪⣬ʱЦôңλǿսҵʦʧǲ䲻𣿡
׸߸ɫ磬츳ǲףս½ʵһУʦҲֻΪǿ߷Ķѡ
Ҳʦǿ𣿡Ҷǳ
׸߸ȻۼңʵҶҪԶԶ㡣
ǿδأҶǳ˵иڣҲԶˡ
𣿡׸߸趢ҶǳҾͿǲҲô
˵գսʵǿƣʱϯȥƬء
׸߸豳˫֣Ŀ֮ưޱȣһҶǳмͬͣΪҲԶˣΪǷˣĺαʵĲࡣ
׸߸һҲûаҶǳûмڳ֣ȻҪҶǳپı飬еˬ죬˵ᱻҶǳܵһ֮
̫ˣ
ȻҶǳҡͷ׸߸м֮ɫ
ʲô׸߸ƺΪԼˣЦǾ̫ˣսҵӵܴС͵õõ࣬ǳԵʳǶǿ޵Ѫ⣬ټսǿѪһǾͲǡ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴Цã㻹Ҹоð˵̫ˣڸװɵ𣿰׳գ
׸߸ʱ߳ŭһֱһƬȵϯΪһҶǳΧնյúͮͮģΧ¶ڲϵߣյÿ졣
ҲУҶǳЦһͬͷų𣬶׸߸ƵĻҪ뻯
ɫ𣬻ΪһĽɱ׸߸衣
ʱһɿµĽ
ۣ
׸߸𾪵غˣ䱻˺ѿĽ̫ң̫Ϭˣܴ
ǿĽ⣬һʦôôǿĽ⣡׸߸Щ𾪺Ͳš
漴ͷųԽԽ࣬γһӴĻ򣬽ƬΧ
սʣҵĻʵվսܹж׸߸迴űɵҶǳʱ֮ɫ
ﵽսʼ𣬾ͻӵ֮Ժܶ˶û취Խɱսʡ
Ҷǳ˵ȴǲֵһᡣ
ݣ
ҶǳֱӶ򽣾һǧѻƽ𱦽źХӻ֮ɱŪ׸߸æңҲ޷רĿƻ
䣡
Ҷǳûʩչƣ޾ⱬҫ۵Ĺâ۳һ޴ķЯѹصƣײ׸߸衣
ƣ
׸߸ɴ۾̶ƺ뵽ʲô𾪵ƣ򽣾㲻ǳ磬ҶǳʴҶǳ
Ǻǣû뵽ҵĴսȥˡҶǳЦе⡣
û飬ɱ׸߸衣
ͣ
׸߸豻ƴÿѪһһҶǳ޾Ƽ䣬һֲֿչ֡
ƣ
׸߸ŭ
׼ҵս
ƣҶǳ嶸Ȼúܸߴ󣬽С⾳ӵ˼£ͬʱսע˫֮䣬һݻɫ̫ɽһ׸߸ѹȥ
䣡
һ죬漤䡣
׸߸Ǿ޴ĻƵסһ񣬵һȴǺݺݵغ׸߸ϡ
ۣ
׸߸ܵشŶȥˣúңһϢࡣ
ͬʱһǧѻƽ𱦽


560 
ɱң׸߸ʱشҶǳٿһǧѻƽ𱦽ɱʱֵش
ҶǳЦôֻɱңȴɱ㣬ʲô
ûͣ򽣾ٿһǧѻƽ𱦽ɱ׸߸裬ԷȻ׷ɱȻ顣
ңΪѩԵʣҶǳͶ׼ûʲôøС
ɱңܵ׼ҵ׷ɱ׼ҿǿսҡ׸߸ŭ
Ѿлңں׼һҶǳߵ
㡭׸߸ʱŭӣͬʱ𻤶ܣ߾ȫֵҶǳһǧѻƽ𱦽
Ҷǳһ߹һЦҪҲɱҲܼ򵥣׼еʥҡ
Σ׸߸Էŭ˵Ҳ㣬Ҫ㶼У׼ӵܶѪģһй¶ʥͻܵѪ
Ҷǳһ漴Ȼ׼ҲԼʥй¶ԲֶΡ
ȷ鷳
ȻˣͶûʲôֵˣȥɣҶǳһӴ󹥻ȡ
ۣ׸߸豻òѪԽԽأ֧Ųסˡ
ڵģ׸߸֪Լ군ˣҶǳ˫Թ֮ɫ
ͬʱ׸߸ҧԼָ죬Լؿڿ̻һصͼ
ڸʲôҶǳȻ֪׸߸ôĿģȴֲõԤУȥ׸߸һξ룬ٿһǧѻƽ𱦽׸߸衣
ߣǿսҵֶΣһܹ֪ģ͵Űɣҵ˻ұģлɱ㣬׼Ҳɱ㡣׼ս½ǧû˿ӹ׼ҵ׷ɱˡ׸߸ԹصҶǳ˵
ͬʱ׸߸Լؿڿ̻ͼѾˣһɿֲӳ׸߸ճɻҽ
ţҶǳһĿɿڴ׸߸ɱ
䣡
ڴʱһŴ׸߸Ļҽ֮𣬳Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ۾һɣϳ״Ǹղ׸߸Լؿڿ̻ͼ
Ȼ֪ⶫʲôҶǳֲõԤУˡ
Ȼͼٶ̫ˣҶǳ˼ʮգ֮Ҷǳǰֱӡؿڡ

ҶǳһؿƱ˺ѿһǸͼӲؿϣһ󽹺ζС⾳޷ֵ
Ҷǳܿͷ֣ͼֻӡؿڣûмڣûиȫ
ʲô˼ƴΪһͼΪԺ׼׷ɱõ𣿵·һס׼ôܿõҶǳʱͷˮޱɻ
Ϊ˱һ㣬Ҷǳʼ߶սҪĨؿڵĻͼϾϲʵ̫ˬˡ
ףЧ
ȻҶǳоԼսãͼЧʺٶȣµúķһʱܽĨ
ˣһһɣⶫҲûʲôвҶǳ漴ҡҡͷ˵ȥ
Щźǣ׸߸ﶼջˣûһҶǳûеõսƷλ׼ҵĵһʦӦҺܷŶԡ

ս½ĳһ߷ۡ
Ĵǿսҡ׼ңڴˡ
ʱ׼ڣһλչصȻ۾ƣĶʱһѵƣ֡׸߸衣
߸Ȼˣ
˭ɱ
˭㶼

ŭһ𶯡
һЩ׼ҵĴ׷ױѣŴ˵ؿ
棡
ô
ƺܷŭ
˭棿
һЩ׼ҵĴǷ׷׳أǰݼߡ
˶֪ˣİͽ׸߸豻ɱˡ
׸߸˭ȻʥӣҲӣȴ׼ҵĵһʦ
׼ңʦĵλܸߣ׸߸ЩʥӶҪҪ˵Ҳࡣ
ڣλʦȻˣⲻ׼ҵһ޴ʧҲ˶׼ҵơ
׼ҳŵ̫𣿾Ȼ˸ɱ׼ӵܣ˲˭ǱսңҪɱ
һս𼶱˵
׸߸սʣӵ֪䣬ǰ϶Է˻䣬ǿطҵֵλãѷɡһλս𼶱ǿ䣬ɱ⡣
λ棬ȥһ˰ɣ
ڴʱ׼ҵһ˳˵
һλս𼶱ǿߵ˵ͷ漴˵Ѿʹطǳڼɸǳͬʱϵǳ׼ӵܣһȥҵ֡
ҵ󣬽ϷҪ׼ŭ


561 λ
˵ϣҶǳ漴Ҹطϥһ߿ʼһߵȴëǵ
Ԫն򽣹ڣ׼Žѧڻͨʹ֮񼶾硣
עһѶĵ·

ת۹ȥ
һ죬ҶǳȻ۾
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Ҷǳüͷ͵Լ죬ʱؿڵĻͼڷⷢȣȻûΣգȴʥһɲõԤС
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ҶǳԽɻˡ
׸߸ͼΪʲô
ѵͼܽɱ
ʵ˵Ҷǳš
ͼʼһ̣Ҷǳмɵ
ǣҶǳͬʱҲڴ߶սȫؿڵĻͼ
һΣǰ¹ȥˡ
ڴڼ䣬ҶǳؿڵĻͼÿ춼ᷢⷢһΣȻûʲôΣգҶǳǹɲõԤԽԽǿˡ
ҶСӣ
ֹ˼գëС˫˫ˡ
Ҷǳʱϲɫӭȥ
Сӣһ˳𣿡ëھʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цǳ˳ڹؼʱ̤ʦ̤ľ磬Ƴһٶõͷ
ôë˫Ŀⱬ䣬漴ҶǳΪӰս˾սһǾսڣʱҶǳĻСŹȥãȻһ̫ˣȻү
ҶǳóѪĵëЦ˵ȿ
Ŷʲôëӹһʱһ׼ʥĵףѪȻиãȴǳʺǣǿԾʵˡ
ҶǳЦŵͷǾҪ޺ɱ䣬ȡһЩսʼޣѪҵʵ
޺ȱıޣսʼޣҲкܶ࣬ȫõѪĲϲë˷ܵ
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ʱҶǳٶȸܵؿڵĻͼⷢȣüͷһ塣
Сô£𣿡ëҶǳɵѯʵ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴죬ëԼؿڵĻͼ
ǻ䣡ëһͼʱС׼׼Ļ䡣
ҪҡҶǳЦһ㽫׸߸˵
ëüͷ漴ɫ鷳ˣȻûʲôв൱һλ׼ֻҪ߶ط׼ȷλáʱоؿڵĻ䷢ⷢȣ˵Ѿ׼ٴ߶طˣȻ׷Ѱλã׼׸߸豨𡣡
Ȼô죡
ҶǳԶʱһΪʲô׸߸ôŵΪɣͼλڣҲӲ׼˵׷ɱ
ô죿磬ʶ㣬ûа취Ĩͼ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
лңΪս½ޱߣޱ޼ʣлǿҲҲ
䣬ںεأݳʲôݣ޷ӵù׼ҵ׷ɱ
ò˵ǿսһҪһսˡ
ҶǳɵЩڣûɱ׸߸裬Ȼûô鷳ˡ
ð찡
ëüⶫŪҲףԼսĨˣǸ׸߸սʣĨǳѣҪһʱܽȫĨǣܹŵס׼һ׷ɱ𣿡
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲԹˣȷҪһʱ䣬ûİ취𣿡
Цλ׼ֱӳǿ߾ܽնɱﻹҪһʱ䰡
һ취ëҪ̵ʱ̤սʾ磬ʱսǿĨٶȾ౶ķѵʱҲ̡֮
ǾֻѪˣ׼ҵѾ׷ɱˣûɱսʼѪҶǳüͷоʱ
ëԺٺЦҲδأھȥ޺ޣЩ׼׷ɱҲޣٶȻ͸ʱ䡣
ңҺСʱҲǰ׷ѵġë˵ʱݺ޺ύ˲ֵܣǻûһλ¡ٺ٣׼׷ɱǾͶ㵽λĵ̣λԸ׼ˡ
Ȼһλ£ҶǳЩȵؿëƺû뵽ëȻҲĳޡ
ƺ֪Ҷǳ룬ëƲ޺̫ΣˣҺСȲаΪʵ


562 ׼׷
ëȻһսʣܵ䣬츳ӡֻԽļ൱սʵʵҶǳȷԶˡ
޺սʼޣսʲʲôǿߣëѹҲܴ
߰ɣ׼ҵǿ߹ӽǻǸϽ޺һɱޣһ߶ǡҶǳ˵
ë˵ͷ˵ãүʱսʼ޵أٺ٣ȻүǵĶ֣СӿնɱǣѪ
ǻʲôҶǳڿն
ëСҲ
׼뿪˵
ڴʱǿƣӲԶٶĿǵķλ
ҶǳëһΪ̫ǿˣԳԽսʼ𣬴ﵽս𾳽硣
սǿߣѵ׼ҵǿұ𣿡Ҷǳʱɫ
ë˫Ŀⱬ䣬ѾۣԶʡ
Ƭ̺ëջĿ⣬Ҷǳҡͷȷ׼ҵǿߣֻ׼ҵʥӣ˶սʼ𣬵ǵ츳ܸߣӦսʵ
սʼʥӣѹܹս𼶱𡣡ҶǳȻ򣬵̤սʼһԱȼս
ȼѾӵоսʵʵǿ
Сӣλȼս𼶱ǿߣοСϻ׼ҵĶλڣӲģֻ֮һսˡ
ëҶǳŻʱ䣬Ͻս̨£үڸս̨ϢȻɱ׸߸裬ǲ֪ʵݣ֪ӵս̨ǿԳûһΡ
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£ҶǳëС½䵽˵
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ëСҲŲؽ˵صףһϢ
Ͼһ̫ĿˣҶǳվһôԷпϳҶǳˡ
Ҫ֪ԴҶǳлնɱлҴͼλлҳϺڵѾЩսҵӵܶУԷܹ³Ҷǳݵļʷǳ
ֻҶǳһˣʹ˳ݣλ׼ӵܾͲ뵽Ҷǳȥˡ
䣡
Ҷǳëһкǿѹд
漴Ҷǳ̧ͷȥӰ̤ն¡
ˣ󣬵Ϊ׼ʥӵǣѾ̤սʾ磬ʵǿ˱ȼսĵز
磬˵ֻСһˣӦþСɡһ˶Ҷǳ˵
һҲڴҶǳ漴üһսȻͿɱ׸߸սʣ׸߸ȻʦôҲ̤ôᱻһսɱѵ˻Խż̤Ž򲻳ɣ
磬׸߸ǳһȻ츳ܸߣսܵͣҲԱҡҡͷ漴ӡʩչһط
ǲСӣҴ߶طˡ
Ŵ˵Ļ£ҶǳؿڵĻͼʱⷢȣұ֮ǰǿңû˵ȴջؿڵ·
ʱҶǳؿڵĻͼ¶ˡ
׼ӵܲɵҶǳ˵ޱȱ䣬ɱ
ȻСӣ
ɱ׼ˣǻòͷˡ
ץס洦á
Ҫˡ

λ׼ǿȷҶǳ֮ϳҶǳ
ûаҶǳΪһսʣһսʣ̤ʵȶǡǵս
ҶǳֻһλսҪǣԽʮУ
ǾӣҲõǾС
ȴ֪ҶǳҲӵ
Ǿǡս̨
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Ҷǳʼնû˵һֱڴŶλ׼ӵܣֱȷ̤սַ̨Χ󣬾һţ߶ս̨
ضʱҲһҵĹЩǽɫģǳҫ۶ĿһΣҶǳλ׼ӵܰڡ
ʲô
λ׼ӵܱͻһĻˡ
һ̣ϳս̨ɫɵô䡣
ϾսҵӵܣǰǾ;Լҵս̨д裬ôܲʶս̨أ
ս̨һ˶ʱ
һ۾ҶǳҶǳ˵л׷ɱλʴҶǳս̨ȻĻսӵܣǲܴԼҵս̨߶ġ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цû뵽Ҷǳֶ׼ȥˣҵҰ
ɱлҴ¼Ѿս½


563 ɱ
ȻҶǳ
λ׼ҵʥɫʱѿΪ˵Ҷǳ¼֪Ҷǳ츳ǿս̨һսǿ²ҶǳĶ֡
Ҫ֪лҴ̤߽ŶҶǳˣȻлҴֻǾսȲսʣҶǳҲǾս
ͬһսлҴҶǳĶ֣ǽ̤ôҶĶ֡
СӣϽǣ˭֪ж׼ҵСɱǵþ޺ëСӵصս̨ϵҶǳ
һëǱ־Եòλ׼ӵܸȷǰ֮˾Ҷǳˡ
ɫѿޱء
һ˵Ҷǳ㲻ҪѾлң׼ԣԺս½֮ء
Ѿɱ׼ҵˣһʦ֮仹л͵𣿡ҶǳЦһλ׼ӵܡ
ûлⲻ˵ĶԹֻҪǻ׼ңлǿ츳׼Ҳ̫㣬ص㣬ԺΪ׼һλǿĿ䳤ϣԽʦ𽣻ʶ⡣
Ҷǳú룬׼ңлһ׷ɱ𣿡
λ׼ӵܲˣȰ˵Ҷǳ
ΪǺս̨ϺҶǳ֣ǾԻĺܲҡ
ѾսʼǿսʥӣɲںطǻϣԼΪսء
ŶȰ˵Ҷǳ
ʵϣĺ޲ɱҶǳҶǳҡ
Ŷǻ׼ңҶǳǾҺܰ׳𣿻Լ̫׳ˣ
ҶǳŲǵĹֱӴ߶һǧѻƽ𱦽ɱλ׼ӵܡ
򽣾
ǵĲ򽣾
λ׼ӵܶʱޱأ׷óԼ֮⣬ͬʱ׼ҵսƣֵһǧѻƽ𱦽ĺ
ȻҶǳĲ̫ˣסһǧѻƽ𱦽ĹѾҪֲסˡ
䣡
Ҷǳ̤˽ֳֺڽһǰâѹգЯſֲƣ˸еâ̱
ۣ
׼ӵѪɣء
ǣôǰ˽ҶǳĶ֣˫̫ˡ
Ȼ̤˰˽򣬺ʦ𽣻ʵ궼൱ˡ
ҺްǱս̨ѹΪҷ֮ܽɱ
׼ӵԽԽأʺͷŭ
һսʼΪս̨ѹƣʹͬҶǳһھս磬һսʵ̫ˡ
Ҷǳĺܲҡ
Ҷǳ֪ɱ׸߸˭׼ҵĵһʦҪǣ׼İͽ֪׼˭ǿսеľվս½ľǿߣǸӲģɡ
׼ӵ֪ԼɣɵԹҶǳ
Ҷǳ԰𾪣û뵽Ǹ׸߸ͷô
׼棡
ܹ׼ǿսҳ棬жôǿɵӶܲµõ
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Ѿɱ׸߸裬Ѿ޷أֻһ·ߵˡ
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ɲǼ䣬һɫĴҶǳǰۣ޾Ĺâɫҫޱȡ
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ɫĴѹǰλ׼ӵܸȫͷ飬Ѫ
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Ҷǳкڽͬһ绮գѪܵԴ
һף
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ë˷ܴе쿴ʲôսʼʥӣȼҲ϶۷񡣡
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴λ׼ӵһӣѳöռָҪһ
ʱҶǳָеؿڵĻͼⷢˡ
ã׼ҵǿڴ߶طǻ뿪˵أ·ٲ鿴ǵҶǳռָȻų̫𣬽λ׼ӵܸʬ𼣣ëС޺
һ·ϣǼٷУٶȴ߶˼ޡ
޺ΣգʱޣҶǳһ˴Ͼͻܵ޵Χ·ٶȾͱˣΣա
ëСѾˣҶǳܿһЩΣյĵطȻǵƣ˲ޡ
Ҷǳëһ޴ţ״ޣɵòһﲻͶλɣ
ë˵ͷ漴ЦӺܴ죬һʵǿޱȣţеĻϻʡ
ϻʣǲţ𣿻˵һٶȺʵӦͬеװɡҶǳƲ
ǧ֮Уٶһǹ꣬һֱţˡ


564 ϻ
ٶˣսʱͺܳԿϾ˶򲻵
ԣҶǳλϻֶôǿ
ëȴǲˬˣߵСӲŶ󣿼棿ү㣬ǧ֮Уǧ𿴲ޣһٶȺܿޣһֱٶȺޡ
ҶǳԸо棬ɻٶȿ֪ǲǷ˾Уٶж
ߣǹƽģܸߵԣԼǱǵѪȴǺޱֵһᡣͬЩٶޣҲбķơ
ëָԼϻʣ˵ţһ޵ȷС϶󣬵ԽСޣоԽпǿǿߡĳսʲôɵģǻƽϣ֮еľ壬λʮǿޡͬϻʱţ֮еľ壬ȻûλʮǿޣҲͨʥǿ࣬˵ǰ޶Ϊ
ޣôҶǳ࣬˵ƽϵţǿʮǿޣȼȲˡ
У𿴲ٶȣëߵţٶǺֻϻʵٶȴܿ죬Ϊ̤ս𼶱𣬲˷֮еļ٣֮ͬбٶȿû⣬ϵϿǣӲޱȣʥĶϣ޵УĹǡ
Ȼ
Ҷǳϻжôǿˡ
˼ٰ壬ٶȹھͬΡ
з޵еϿǣ˭ܻƣ
ٶȺͷռôƣͬεУȷûٶ֣ѹԳư޺Ϊ
߰ɣҴȥϻʣ㵽ϻʵĵȥЩ׼ӵܸ׷ǴëкҶǳǰȥ
Ҷǳһǵҿ࣬ȥϻʲң
İɣбүϻʲ˵ʲôġëں˵Ķõϣûôӵ˼ϻʣܴӵġ
Ҷǳһɵض˵ĶҳϣҲǺöԼôԼʲôû𣿡
ԲۣСô˵ģүôˣүǱԴӣᱻ˵𣿡ëʱһˬصҶǳ
ҶǳЦôãһҲû飬ô˳Ȼɼ㵱û顣
СӡүһʶëɫЩڨڨ漴һҶǳ
ǼٷУúϻʵĵ̣ëֳֵƣһ·ϳ衣
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ΪƬ֮УʱһϰֻսʼѲعȥǿҵ𺳸С
ڴʱǿ޶סҶǳҶǳ¶ƵĿ⣬׺ޱȡ
СӣʶǶǵơëһ漴óԼƣЩǿڨڨЦλ㣬Ǳ⣬һյս裬һû棬ʲôλ
Щջ׺ݵĿ⣬ûмҶǳ
Ҷǳ˲ˮ漴뵽ëղ˵Ļʱըë˵ղ˵ʲô˭ս裿
Сӣүô˵ǻѵҸǽֵͣܣǻ𣿡ëƲ
Ҷǳһˬ
ǵˣʱëָǰһ޴ĵ˵
޺ĵ첻ǳô࣬ǰʵ̫Ӵˣȵڵĵ컹ҪӴǳжټ
Ҷǳٸв졣
ң֮пһ޴ͨ챦ŹͭɫĹâͬ̽𣬷ǳѤá
ëɵǰЦ˵ϻʴ磬֮нύѣ࣬಻ֵͬΡ
Ҷǳɻֱϻѵ뱦𣿻ҪϻԳӭëδ̫˰ɡ
Ҷǳɻ֮ʣǰıͻȻ漴һž޴Դͬһɽһӱ֮˳ſֻͭ۾Ҷǳ
ҿ
Ҷǳʱˡ
ⱦϻϵϿǰ£ϻʵ̫˰ɣһСˡ
಻ţϻʿˣ죬ͬڴס
ͬʱҶǳܵһǿƣѹſҿʵǿҲﵽ˴С⾳磬ǿסӴѹ
ëʱϻʴ飬㿴СԭֻһֻͨĻǣԴӸС֮󣬶̶̼֮䣬ͽ˾ս硣֪Ϊʲô𣿶ΪСʦƳɱιСԸּƷҩŰʵô졣࣬ôܸһֵΡ


565 
Ҷǳʱаëʹˣǰϻʵֲ̫ˣɢƣȫǿֵԷҪֹһоɱ
ҶǳѾŵðս̨׼ʱս̨ˣϻôаհϻʸֽȥ
ǣϻʵĴӪΧǿޣһͷܹɱҶǳ
ԣҶǳս̨ɱϻʣҲӲȥֻë˵ϻˡ
ãëĻϻûм֣ʼջԼơ
˵Ҳе
Σϻʵ˵ͷֻǿҶǳĿ⣬ɴŻɡ
Ͼô඼ɱޣҲڲɱ࣬˫Ѿˣôܻű˴ˡ
ϻʴ磬Сӿеࡣëϻ˵¶ʱһϲæ˵СӼ඼ˣǲŵĻò˶ãͻ׷ɱΪЩͶޣҪЩʵ̫ǿˣֻӵˡ
ҶǳЩĿɿڴë᳷Ȼҵһǿսڡ
ҶǳĿɿڴǣǰϻʾȻˣҵ˵ͷ˵ԭˣϵǷģЩҾǡ
仰¶޺İһĻˡ
ֻҶǳλްȷԸӣëôսթ
ǾͶлϻʴˣЩʵǿСܵϻʴҲǵĶ֣ҾһǴСӵĵطȥɡëٶ˵
Ҷǳһĵؿëһﻹǰʮ˳ˣȻѧΪ
˵Ч
ϻʱϵıһҡŭߣǾʹЩҾȥ޻ء
ϻʷŭ춼ڲ
ëҶǳһۣ˴жһЦ
ǾͶлϻʴ磡ëЦ˵漴ָҶǳ˵λֵʦһǴʦʦϻʴҪƵҩĻƣֻճɱѡ
ʦ𣿲ûãʦϻʿҶǳ˵ͷҡҡͷ˵ֵӦҪһ֪ͨǵġ
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ҶǳĿɿڴؿëҿҾ֪һޱȣԼݴ綼ƭ˵ԼԴӣȥүıԴӡ
СӣЩ޿ɶһͣµǿ֮࣬Ļɱڵ޵ĸǣǶ࣬ЩûãҲǷãܸһЩҩ˫ӮƭëҶǳŭĿӡ
Ҷǳһʱ۾ˣ˵öԣȷ˫Ӯ֧㡣
ëһ㶣漴ŭСתҲ̫˰ɣȻ޳ܣ˵ү
˴˱˴ˣҶǳЦ
ǲԣΪֻ;޴ĴѾ߹ˡ
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ëһЦݵܻҶǳЦǼһʵǿ֪Ƶĵҩ޷ΪҪһЩ˵ĵҩҩЧһ㣬Ҳֲؼʱ̿԰ָơ
ã֮ǰҲμӵͷӮһ׼ʥѡı˵ҩӦöսеҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴˵ҰѵҪĲд㣬ȥռ
ë˰֣ҡͷˣѾѲ嵥ˡ
Ҷǳʱɴ۾ֲ֪ռʲôϣ
ҰѪҪĲϣԼʶĸҩģˣȥռëٺЦ
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566 һϲһ
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Ϊ޾ûпռָ޺ɱ˲ǿߣЩ˵еõռָҲ
ҶǳʱչѯëЩϣ
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ҶǳЦڵռĲϣǿƼ¯ѪˣȻĲϣֻȱѪţԺҵѪˡ
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꽣ʱһУӣޣûһѼƷֻһǧѣıþƷģޡ
һѼƷĻô򽣾ͿֲˣԿԻɱս
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567 
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ϣүȥëʱͷ¹ΪĴ飬Ȼڿˡ
Ҷǳһ߸ʮǼһ߿ʼλ˵ҩܹܲúô˵ҩɣҪǶԷҶǳû취ܡ


568 
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Բѣǲֻ̤߽ѣɱлҴ̤߽šҶǳЦ
ǺǣȻлҴᲢۣ׵һ߽ͬлҴЬ䣬ΪǾսʣ㱻ս̨ѹʵǵս飬ս򣬶ҪԶǡ
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574 
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׼̧ĻƾӨ͸֬ʯһ㣬ʣȴŷڵĻ棬յŤſµ
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Ҫ֪ǿ׼ҵӰ̤˽ľţ֮ͬ䣬ܹԽģˡ
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575 
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׼ӲϣҶǳΪڶʣϾ˫ѾǳУԹ޷⣬ֻǰɱҶǳԾ󻼡
Ҷǳǲûʵ۸ģҳСʵò˵ʴ鴫ֵȫ֡
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棡׼ƣЦһֱѪ۶ʱʧһƣٶȱһȵĻ棬ЯſֲܣѹĽɫñ
һǧѻƽ𱦽Ļսס˲ı塣
ҶǳɵüͷĲ򽣾ԸЩʥӻЩǣãǶԸεǿߣǾѾˣ򽣾Բٿһѻƽ𱦽ôͿˣҲܴ
ǵ򽣾һżҶǳʱںѽҪʱĳҪĻۡ
ļޣôȥɡ׼ɭȻű䳹ǵɱ⣬˫ĶϵشҶǳ
ۣ
ҶǳѪϵغˡ
ǺǣһҪˡ׼Ц
ڴʱ˵ҶǳȻ̧ͷһ˫ڵӣ˸ǳһҫ۵Ĺâ
лˣ
ҶǳȻ˵
׼һ㶡
һ̣ɫ䣬ΪоҶǳڱһĿֲϢ


576 뼫
л
ҶǳĻ׼һ㶣ԼҪɱˣҪлԼʲô
׼ӺܿˣΪһǿϢҶǳϱ֮ǰҪֲϢеļ¡
ǲ
·ʲôˡ
ԶҶǳȻͷϿոֳһѰããƮ˳Ȼɢ
쵶
ս̨⣬ëһĻԭǵףʱ˾ϲ
֪ҶǳʮսΣһαƳ쵶̤˼
үˣСӱ͵ͻƵıԵս󣬾ѾҪͻˡ׼ӣǰҶС̤һʮǼë漴ȻһЦ
ѹҶǳῪڶл׼ӡ
Ϊ׼ӴҶǳѹƴսҶǳͻƿ̤ʮǼ
ֵˣ
ҶǳǵѪҺڵĿֲ˿̶Լš
䣡
ҶǳӶڽһȥն׼ӡ
㲻˵ҽҾ㿴ҵĽҶǳЦţٶʩչľһεӿֲ
ΪҶǳһһɿµ֮ӳ̫𣬴׼Ӿ޴в
ʵ򣡡
׼ӵɴ۾Щš
ΪҶǳֻǾսôӵлʵ
ȴ֪ҶǳڸղѾ̤ʮս磬ȻսΣʵѾսˡ
ԣҶǳĽҲɱ䣬ʵ
أ
׼Ȼľʩչ֮⣬һȵӡյŤҶǳ಻Ļȥ
ȻȴҶǳĽһһǺصĺڽЯƥݺݵػ׼ӵ档
ʱ׼ӵһۣıڽƣǿͰԵĽ⣬׼ӵѪ֮У嶼һ
ôôǿ
׼ɫ䣬æ߶ۻսڵĽƳ
ɱҶǳƲˣɱ׼ӣǿ£еĺڽ̩ɽǧ֮ƣն¡
׼̽ץȥʱѪ䣬֮еĹͷնˣ۵üͷһ壬æ˱á
ƣ
Ҷǳٶȱǿһ޴ĽɫޱȲõķ֮У׼ײȥ
ƣ׼ӴܴѾޱȷŭһƴȫ
ǽңֱ۱ɫùۣ첲Ťˣ۵ͷ󺹣ɫס
䣡
Ҷǳûһ߳ȥǿע׼ϣú߿Ѫɡ
ʲô
ⲻܣ

ԶЩ׼ҵʥǿһĻţһĿɿڴ
ֻëڴкãСҲ˷ܵĴ
ҵĽΣҶǳֳֺڽָشѪ׼ӣ˵
׼ɫΪˡôս̨ǵΪѹͬһ磬Ϊȴˡ
һܲ⣬ΪԸܵҶǳΪһΣԭز
Ǻǣ㲻֪ҶǳһЦ̧ڽٶɱ׼ӡ
ʮǼܣҶǳϣ¶ЩսҵҲѧһ̤ʮǼôҶǳǾûˣ
׼֮ɡ
Ҷǳһһɱʱʩչƣ׼ϵ˿ҲԽԽࡣ
ãҪֲסˡ
׼ʥż
ʵϣʥҲˡ
սλ׼ǿʥӶһۣӱ˴п˽ǿɲؿԼ䣬Ƕ׼ҵĴ̫ˣϾڻṳ̂˽򣬲ִ֮ӣ޷սҵӿ⡣
ס֪ͨ׻һһס˴Ϊˮȡʱ䡣
ˮܿóһƣһͼҧ⣬ԼѪ棬ȻѸٹս
һ̣漤һսͶӰһӣȲɢ޵һİ׼ҵļ
£ո꣬㿴˲Զս̨Ҳ˱Ҷǳѹ·׼ӣɵͫһԵЩš
СǽʴҶǳҲǱл׷ɱǸˡһԵˮæ˵
ʱɫѾΪҶǳ׼ӴѪ׼ӵһֱֻ۶նˡ
أ
ͶӰɢ
ʱԶս½׼磬һŭѸ׼ľ֮أ޺׼档
׼ҵӲһ׼֮ɫʱһ漴ֱӶ׼ҵĽء
׼ҵ¯
ǺųҲĿ


577 ֮
׼ҲҶңӵ׼ֻһλսҲӵһ
ǣȴԽڶսңĴǿսɡ
ģ¯
¯׼ڳսƵս񲻽һλǿս񣬶һս½Ψһ֪һλʦǿ¯Ƴ񼶵ҩġ
ˣ¯ɹɷʦĵȼ׼ΪʲôųƵһңᶼԱȼ磬Ϊ¯
һλʦֻʥҩʹ¯ǾͿƳ񼶵ĵҩ׼Ҳǿսҡ
棡
棡

׼ң¯Ǳ׼ҵʦƿأϾҪΪ׼Ƶҩ
ʱ浽һЩ¯ʦǷ׷׹
׼һȻ鲻ãֱӳ¯ȥ
Ҫ¯°ɡ
ʲôѵ˽׼𣿡һȺʦǾ
¯ѹ׼˹׼磬Ȼǲᶯġ
ϾԵܴȥʹá
ʹǧʷϣ׼Ҷ¯ĴҲָ
ģû˸ҹ׼磡ޱȰ˵Ϊǿս֮һ˭ҹ磿
޺ЩʦϾЩǵĵλܸߣҲСӦ
һȺʦԣʱһ߲ѣͬʱǻЩľͲš
һ˾Ȼͬλ׼ӣ
Сӵõ˽ʵ洫ѵѾﵽ˽Ǹ̶𣿡
Ǳ޵ţȻѾΪ˵ˣǾ;Բɳ׼Ҳлһ

һʦɱ˵
ЦζһҪȳӣҪɱҶǳ
¡¡
䣬λ׼Ѿڴ߶¯ˣʱһɿµƵǿս۷ŵ
Ⱥʦǣ˳˴˵أֱӾͻᱻɱ
䣡
׼Ĵ߶֮£¯õĻ⣬һ׹ֱӾͽǰĿռ˺ˡ
ռ䶼˺ѿˡ
𾪵ؿƬĿռſµĿռԽɱս۷ǿߵΣա
ƿռ䣬ǰҲõֻսõйâ˸Ϊ׼ҵһμҲǵһμʶ֮Ͼǰ˭׼ңҪ

޺ϻʵء
ս̨ϣҶǳչٴն׼ӵһֻ첲úֻʹֻӦԣƸԡ
Ҷǳס֣
ҶǳٸҶ֣ˣ˭ҲȲˡ
ҷģǸйصκˣҶҪɱĸɸɾ

ԶЩ׼ҵŭ
ϧǱһȺΧ޷ҼǿԳҲκβս̨еҶǳ
ǸҽȥǾ·һϾͬζܸҶǳ
ڻвңǵҶǳŴлҶˣںһ׼ң
ҶǳЦ׼ӣò˵λ׼ӵʵǺǿģȻֵڣһˣͱնɱˡ
¡¡
׼ӳĬ˵Ѿ˵ˣʧȥֱֻۣƲأھ˫ڵֵҶǳϲʱرڽһѪۣƾһǿ־ڼš
Ϊ֪׼ǲλ
Сӣֿ㣬֪ΪʲôүֲõԤУ
Ȼս̨Աߣë
ҶǳԾɵѵ׼ǿڸôɰɣңǿ߸ս̨棬Ҳ塣
Сӣܲһֱս̨ɡëѵ
ҶǳҲԣ漴ʼӴ󹥻ȣԼʵ˼ޡ
ͬʱԶϻҲڰʥԱΣ׼ҵӣʱֻЦ
˭ʥըңá
ϻܵս̨￴Ϸʱضս̨׼ӳҶǳ
Ҷǳϻʳ֣͸ˣھ׼ǿߵҲϻʶţʲô
ڴʱкȻһɿֲѹ
ѹǿѾҶǳ󣬾ϻѹǰѹ󺹡
ë뵽ʲôɫɵô䣺
䣡
ս̨նȻ飬һ޴ĳݺݵغײս̨Ľɫ档
Ҷǳʱ𾪵ط֣Եֵս۷ǿߵĽɫΣȻʼ¶һ˿ѷ졣


578 ʧ
¯ʵ̫ˣֱӺ˿ռ䣬ңԶս½Խʮڹɱ޺
ʲô

ҶǳһθܵĿֲûκĿռ䣬ȻͱƬͬһܹۿõĿռ
¡¡
ս̨ϿɫĹΣҲ޷ס¯һ޴ĳ顣
ΣΪҶǳȡһЩʱ䣬뿪ս̨ŲԶϻʷȥ
Сӣ
ϻʴǻβͣҶǳëСһϿ֮УԼҲ˽ȥ
Ҷǣ
ŭĴ
׼¯εʱѾָս𾳽ʧȥ˫ۣʵޱǿϯǧ
ܷŭȻһնȥ˫ۣ׼涯֮¾ҪҶǳɱˡ
㲻ս̨նɱ˲ٳԽǿ𣿡
Ҿͷӡս̨ԺʲôǮ
׼Ӵһֽǰս̨ӡȻ׼ȥ¯
ϿҶǳģͲһˣܽ׼ˣȴ׼ҶֱӾˣ㽫նɱˣִ֮䶼ûüս̨׼Ӹӡˡ
Сӣս̨ˣǸϽߣëȵ
ϻʴ˿ѾʩչԶˣĿֲ޺е˿ֲ
ϿǼӲޱȣǵս̨ס˴룬ʣµһû˵
ףԾ
ϻʸոƬ̣ȴûɵüͷ
˿̣ëҲӦˣǰϾս۷ǿߣ֪ƣɵôɱ׼ӵĻˣʮڹÿһδ߶Ҫ̫ˣ¾׼ҵİǿ֣߳ҲֻܶһΡ
ϻԣϻԼأȻ׼ӺȺʥѾʧˡ
޵λ׼ֱӾһ׼ʥӣתˡ
Ͼս𼶱ǿߣôʱ䣬ϻҲ޷׷ˡ
ϧˣ
Ҷǳҡͷ̾Ϣһնɱ׼ӵĻᣬԺôõĻᣬºˡ
οʧս̨ӦԳǿߵʤ
ʧ̫ˡëڸ̾
ս̨ôҲһȻûʲôǹؼʱ̿һЩϼһû׼Ӷ㱻Ҷǳɱ
ûս̨ԺҶǳֻԼʵȥսҲܺ͵˴ͬһսˡ
ҶǳܲϾʱ̫̣ҲûЩսҵԴΪ̫ˣȲȺսҵʥǡ
ǵøϿʵˡ
ҶǳëּȸС
ΪΣӿ¡
Ҫ֪׼ҵĻ䣬ֻҪ׼˴߶طʹ㵽ĺǣҲᱻ׼ҵõ
ڣѾûս̨ƾʲôȺսʼʥ
οһɱģ¾Ͳ׼һˣлҲ
ģڣǼȻκβҡϻʿ˵Ǻܽġ
ȻҲǰ׳գҶǳദʱ䣬Ҳ˽ҶǳΪˡټëСϵԸύҶǳţҲһ֣ϾĿõҶǳǿ츳
лϻʴ磡Ҷǳмϻʳ֣ˡ
뵽Ҷǳ漴ҡͷϻʴ磬鷳ˣڴ˵أһͲֹ׼һˣ׼ҵϼһﶼ෴뿪ˣǾͲˣϾƽ޹ʵҲʧܴ󡣡
ҶС˵öԣǲˡë˵ͷ˵οǵóȥѰһʵûս̨ԺЩʥӡӣ͵浶ʵǹشˡ
ϻɨҶǳëһۣҡͷǵΪΪѡ
˵ĲҶǳѾﵽʮս磬ëսʣ磬ֻܿʱȥۣҪٿΪʵ
ʥҩë˵տҶǳСǴʦʦƾȫʥĵҩ
Ҷǳֵ̯̯ϧûʥĵ
԰ë۾һЦֻҪǼս𼶱ѪƳʥҩǿΪ
ҶǳŰ˵ս𼶱ѪóѪжôϡ٣УҲЩսұţôŪ֡
ҵ֪ս𼶱ѪϻʺȻ˵
Ҷǳëһ漴ϻʡ


579 
ϻʴ磬˵Ѫ֪һλս𼶱壬Ȼȥɡ
ҶǳǰӴϻʣɵһЦ
ս𼶱壬Ҳޣ̤߽ƾʵȥǸͲûʲô
ȻǣϻЦҡͷ漴˵ҺСʱ򣬴Լİǰɣ޺һλǿİһͷʵǿЩսҶϧվûгΪսջǵвʱʴʱѾе٣޺һյأΪԼĴĹ
ϻʼ˵ͷĴĹأûб˷֡ϾҲ֪һǱһ˷ĴĹ϶ʬ塣
ë۾һϲǿ壬ѪЧ϶ܺá
ȥ˼ˣѵûи࣬ѪҺ𣿡Ҷǳɻ
ϻʺëԽǹЦ
ҶǳĲ⣬ëЦŽ͵ȻҲ޷ֵסʱʴȫʩչֶΣԼ⡣Ҹҿ϶ͷʬ廹ãںԼʬĻֱԱˣõǧѰĹ𣿡
˵ҲǣҶǳȻ漴һڴؿϻʣʵϻʴѲ֪Ĺλã
ëҲһؿϻʡ
ϻҡҡͷҵȻ֪֪ĻͽȥˣϾ˫һǱѪҵѪҲа
Ҷǳʱˡ
ëƲϻʴ磬˵˰죬Ƿϻ
ϻʹЦȻ֪ĹأҿԸһϢȺսҵʥǺǣƺѰҰĹأȻǵõʲôϢǿȥ
Ŷʲôʱ飿Ҷǳʱ۾һ
ϻʳĵڶ°ɣֵܸң޺սҵʥǣƺѰĹأץһЩޱϢ
ϻʴ磬ô᲻ǡëʱе
ϻƳҶǳһۣЦ˭֪ҪѪǵʱʵ̫ˣôȺսҵӺʥ᣿ڣҲȰǲҪͽȥΪǵʵʸҪ֪޺Ĵڽעȥ
˵꣬ϻʱڿշԼĵ졣
ұ׼ǼʥըˣҪչһʱָƣ
ϻȥëйâ˸ضҶǳҶСӣ㲻ǻнǸô飬ҿ϶ҲˣһȥѪ
ҶǳԿЦһȥˣڵʵƾʲôȺʥӡӽ棿ߣϻл䣬ұɽ磬׼Ҳϵóҡ
ֻҪܹȥлᣡë˵գҶǳؿڵĻͼɵü취䣬ⶫǸ㲻׼ҵ׷ɱ
ҶǳҲҸղѾˣ̤ʮս磬ҪĨͼҲôʱ䡣Ҳ̤սʾ󣬲ܰʱһЩҺ̤սʾ硣
鷳Ѿ뵽Ѫ֮УҪ׽ֻԼҲﲻ㡣ëüͷڻǰļ䣬˼İ취
ףˣȻë۾һæ˵ǻԵģǿü֮ˮͻٴ߶սԿ
Ҷǳйâһ˷ܵԿ
صëĶʼó֮ˮó֮Ҷǳɻؿëʵ󣬻ڷأ
ô֪ëŰ۵ǰҲûй䣬ⶼֻҵƲ⣬ֶԿӵ𣬼֮ˮҲ˲ˡ
治ףҶǳƲƲ죬ջǾһ£Ͼϣ൱׼Ҹװ˶λ޷ӡ
Ҷǳѡ󣬽һЩ֮ˮԼؿڵĻͼϣʱе䣬϶һ˪
ˣˣСʡãԺʥõġë۵شеûѡԲҶǳ˷ѵ֮ˮ
ԿҶǳë۾㿪ʼ䡣
Ƭ̺Ҷǳ۾üЧе㣬ǲ󡣡
ֱȥԿë˵
ҶǳԥƬ̣óһ֮ˮ¡
һ̣ҶǳڵѪҺˣֱӱסˡ
ڹؼʱ̻סס


580 
үģ㱻ˡҶǳŵôë壬⼫֮ˮֱܽӸˡ
쿴ûã˭СһȫȥˣüＫ֮ˮ˷ˡëһ۵ӡ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ漴ؿڵĻ䣬˵֮ˮЧܴ󣬽˾ųɾš
ããҹڣҾܽҶǳʱ˷ܵ˻䣬ôôõ׼
𣿺ܺã׼ʧأǵ˫۶նˣʱڿû취鷳ëʱص˵ͷ
Ҷǳʼ䡣

ʱ׼Ѿһʥǻص׼λǳľݵ㡪׳ǡ
׳ǵĳһλǿս׼ҵһλϣԼʧȥ˫۵ӣʱˡ
ӣ˾𣿡λ׳ǳ̲סʵ׼ӵʵҶλӣ˭ն˫ۣ򲻹ҲӵõôôǱ
׼Ǳն˫ۣҲķڷôġǱһˣһΪϵ˸ն˫۵ġ
׼鷳꣬漴תͷЩʥǳҪ׼ңڴ˵ţ£ͻгȥɱҶǳ
˵գֱ̤봫ʧǳ
׳ǳǰȺʥǣѯʵ׷ʲô飿ǲȥ׷ɱѵԳ֣ûгɹ𣿡
һȺʥޱȣ漴޺
ʲô
׳ǳǼս̨ϱҶǳɱˣʱĿɿڴ㶵û뵽־ȻҶǳͬһսӶˣĽҲ˰
һȺʥҲпѣյҶǳǸĽʡ
ʦսҵӣӶҪ̤·
һսҵʥǺܲģҪ֪ǿսĺӵѪǿ츳Դôһˣ
̫ˡ
ˣ˫۱նϣָܻ𣿡һʥһĵʵûӴӣ׼ʥԺθսҵʥ棿϶Կġ
׳ǳЦǾܷģǱսңԻָϱۣҲҪһЩϡС׼ҿǵһң񼶵ĵҩǶƣϱۺָܻܿ
һʥԣʱ˿
˵зټǲģ׼ҵǿʥˮʵ
ʥԣҲ˶䣬ڴؿ׳ǳ
׳ǳзټˣԵֻǰԼϳӦñãϳ汦ЩǸսһֱûзѰңڲǰһЩڿȷĳƬ򣬸սҵӺʥһƬƬϸ̽Ҫ˶ãԷַ
һʥսʼˣһλʥ̾
οӶǰϾһλ޵ıأ޵ѪҲдá
˵ԡѪһȼңѪҲıرҩǳ󡣡
ǡۣǶʥĲϡ

һȺʥ
ÿκбس֣ǸսʥӡǿսʱΪᱦսʱҲ棬ɱ
ȻЩսǶԼֻҵӵڱɱ˱أǾͲٻɱˣͻսҵս̫ˣ˭ʤ˭ܾ˵ĳ档
ζ׼Ҳˣλǿʥ䣬һ׼ʥ̾Ϣ
һΪץҶǳ׼ʧλǿʥӣӶնȥ˫ۣʧʵ̫ˡ
ģ׼վǿսңձ󣬵ӻָ˫ۣʵǶεġҲʥġ
ˣȥɣĵȴӹ׼ǿʥˮ˵
һ˶ʱ׳Ǿޣ˳ȴ׼ӹ

ת۹ȥ׼ӣλս𼶱ĳϳ׳ǡ
һ׼ʥӶʱ˷ܵӭ
߶طС׼ӺȻѾָ˫ֳۣ軹ûϴ̣ҪԻɱҶǳŸġ
ɣˮԿʼ߶ط漴ɫһ䣬𾪵ҸӦˣ
ʲô׼һæԼ߶طͬӦҶǳϵĻ䣬·Ѿʧˡ
Źȥ¶ѣƾΪôܻ䣿׼ɫʱࡣ
ôûл䶨λҶǳȥѰҶǳ


581 
޺
Ҷǳ֮󣬱ëС뿪ϻʵء
û˻䣬Ҳüɵ׼ҵ׷ɱˣô󣬶ܸͷ棬׼ɱôס
ҶСӣȥëʵ
ҶǳȻȥҵĺĹصټҵʱԽݻȥĿЩδؿԻȥʱ򿴿˵
ʵǻ첻ȥν
ëҡҡͷ˵Сʵ̫ȺսʥǵĶ֣ȥҲҲȲȺʥӡӣڵʵһսݺ޺㹻ˡ
ҿɣҺС޺˳ռĲϣɱһЩޣõѪ֮󣬾Ϳֱˡë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ҲãϾĿ̫һ׼Һлҵ˷֣ǿ϶׷ɱǡ޺ҪСĵ㡣
ٺ٣İɣүݺս½ǧܹ꣬ñү˲ࡣëһţ漴С̤ȥ
Ҷǳǳڵͼҵڵĵ죬ٸȥ
ЩսһΪսҵһԱǳͬռһ죬ǵĺҵľݵ㡪ǡ
ͬڵǣսǷǳ⣬˵ǲмںͷ˴򽻵ǳĳǳأǲ̤ġ
ҶǳҲΪ磬кҵƣ˳ؽ뺣ǡ
ûе֣ǳȻ󣬵ǳڵ˺٣ϾûˣǺҵˣȻ١
ףǽ֣û뵽ҲˡȻһϤ
Ҷǳתͷȥɵ۾һ֣
Ǻ磬Һ˿Ѿ̤սʲΣѾﵽսʾ磬Ҷǳ̾ҵӴԴϾϴ֮սʱֻǾսھȻսʣٶ̫ˡ
ҲǺҵʥӣ̤߽ܵص趼ԵˮȣΪĵҩҲȱ٣ܹʥҩҶǳû취Ტ۵ġ
ʲôʱģǰһ¥˴ϢأҲ֪ȥˡЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цһ˰ɣ
˸ѣҶǳʱ䣬˻ʵݡ
Ǻǣν粻ɣˡЦ˵ǸսںⷢһأʥӺӶʼƬ򣬱׼ͨ¥ҵ㣬һȥϾҲǺҵˣֻû뵽Ѿˣʡ˲鷳
ŶʲôأҶǳѾЩ²⣬ʵ
йâһЩ˵Ƿô˵գǰ޺һλİǰޡǰϳǰԼϳˡѰҵıأǷͷʬ壬ǿ޵ʬ壬һǱѪ̫ˣʥҩ˵Щۡǣܹʥ˭۲
ҶǳĿһĵȻǰĹأˣúͺҵһʱƾ¶Ѫ
˼һҶǳ漴װ˵Ȼֱأ̫ˣҪսʾ磬ĻǺʱֱأӦʥӣӲ룬ƾҵʵûʸᱦɡ
Цɲ˵϶С˭֪Ǿ߰ʬʱ˵ãһأң滹ıõһҲһˡ
˵ҲǣʱͿˣϣҵҶǳԳ
ЦЦ漴Ҷǳ˵֣һϢλҶǳʦǰһ顣
Ŷֺлҵ˴𣿡Ҷǳװһɻ
Цҡͷɲлң׼ңǿǿսҰò˵λʦܻܹµģһսҡҲб£Ȼս̨ɱλ׼ǿʥӣ˵׼Ӷκβ
ʲô׼Ҳκβô𣿡Ҷǳװ𾪵
ٺЦ˵׼Ҳȥɱˣֻǰս̨ˣȴûнնɱɼжô
һﻹܹǵġҶǳ̾ȴЦ׼һЩϢ
Ҫ֪ǽ׼ӵ˫۸նˣǴӺĻ׼ȻϢϾ׼ҵĴ̫ˣ˵֪׼ҵӱһͬն˫ۣǶͶˡ


582 ʥƼ
ټøսӡʥƼ
ֹؼʱڣҶǳɱλ׼ǿʥӵϢû̫ĺ䶯ֻЩ̾ҶǳĳɳٶȰˡ
ȻҲ׼ҹӰ죬ڸʵйء
Ǳԣڸ׼ӱҶǳն˫۵ʵҶǳñֶΣս̨׼ҵλǿʥӡ
ҶǳǣǾȻ˵ҶǳǱ׼ս̨ŵƨˡ
׼ֲҪҶǳҲָֻܰӡ
ҶǳûʱЩ޳ܵļһѾͺ磬кҵһʥǰڵƬˡ
˵ǰϢѾȷλˣֻǷںȻʩü֮ƽ⡣
ˣսҵӣѾƬˣҵӶѾһˡ
ȵҶǳǸϹʱĺϿѾۼǧսҵʥӣվڲԶʮǿϢսҵӡ
Ҷǳһμôսʥӡӣɵøпѣʵ̫ǿˣѹЩսӵܿս½ķˣ˫ʵ̫ˡ
⻹ֻսҵһڵϼһǣǿĲ˼飬˵ÿҶһѹˣս½ʵô֮
󹫻ᣬ¥ԶԶȲκһսҡ
öʥӰʥսЩпˣҲ֪ˡվԱ߸̾
սҵӡʥһǱ˴˿ƣɱֵģϾսҵս
ڱ֮УǾͲƽˣϾΪᱦô飿
ЩսҲвĵĹ涨ڱڵһжԹ
Ҳ˵Щʥǿڱھɱ¾ǳ󣬾Ͳ׼ٻɱˡ
ÿһεı̽Щսҳ֮Ϊʥս˼ʥǵ档
Щս֮ô涨Ҳϣͨпɱ¾ӡ
Щսҵǣͨһδʥսɱġ
ЩʥĶսʲΣҺܲ
ҶǳҲڴΧսʥǡ
֣һս磬ڳˣսʾ硣
£Ҷǳһη֮У²ôɡ
ȻҶǳоһЩͲƵĿɨ΢΢תͷĿȥһЩ׼ҵʥӣһЩлҵʥӡ
жʱЦ
ȻûлҶǳΪҲǽʵĵӣԿҲܲˬ
Ͼ׼ңлңҶǳ˴
磬˵ϴл㵱սлҴúлҴͱҶǳɱˣǲǸҶǳᵽһ𣿡
лҵһʥ˹һȵ
׼ҵʥǣ࿴ΪҶǳĴڣſҲ˳ۣʱֵÿϷ
лҵ߼ȤսлҴд裬лѵûսǺʥӵںлҴҶǳɱˣʲôϵ
ҶǳЦ֪лԼ޳ܣһЩвҶǳȥллҴһսлҴԼ˱ɱˣлȴңò˵ǵƤ湻ġ
˵ĲлԼñֶαҶǳҶǳȷˣлʥӼ˱ɱˣôǺҵĿ䣿վҶǳԱߣлʥӵʣҲˬʱЦ
ΧЩֵսʥǣҲһؿлһʥӣϾлҴǼ飬л̫ˣǲսҵ棬һЩҶǳֶ̫޳ˣòսҶһЩ΢ʡ
лҶǣñֶαҶǳˣлҴˣԼҶǳˣʵԸԾĹ
㡭
лҵʥӵҶǳһͨ죬ϾʵҲʲôĻ
ҲлʥӣֻһؿҶǳлҴ飬ţл޹أϾһ˲ܴлҡҶǳɱлҲͷġȰòҪҶǳʲôǣлҲӡ
˵꣬һлʥȥȻлҵһλҪлʥӵкܸߵĵλ
ҶǳɫصؿŴ˵ıӰܹܵ˵ǿ󣬾Ǿսʣ׼ҵǿʥѷɫ
֣лҵллһлҵӣлҵǿʥӣ߽۷šһԵĺ˵
лҶǳסˣΪԷԼĿ⣬Դǿҵɱ⣬ڷ϶᲻ݡ


583 
ҶǳԶȥһлʥӣƳ˲ԶһЩɫƵ׼ʥǣвɵһݣη֮п»Σޱȡ
棬׼ҺлһҪ˼ҵ棬ҹȻɱ֣ڷڣҵʥ²顣
׼һãֻʹҶǳֻǱǣǿĲˬѡлңñֶκ˽ʣںҶǳҲУڽʼӣҲɱ⡣
ҵþΪЩʥǵĶ֡Ҷǳ뵽
츳Ǻܸߣ̤˰˽ޣһЩӶھӡΪ̫ˣֻʮս磬Կһսʡ
ЩʥǣǵΪҶǳ˺ü㣬ҶǳôǶΪ̫ˡ
뵽ҶǳûǸҵĴ󲿶ӣͺҵӡʥһٰȫܶࡣ
ڷѰʱɣȱסСҪ
գҶǳǰʮӿȥЩڵżʩչֶκ棬ƺ̽ʲô
ѾȥתһȦϢˣҶǳ󣬱ѯʵʲôûȷλ𣿡
üλҵˣǰʮλµĺףס
ףҶǳһףǵжôӴѹһսʣ¶ᱻˮѹֱѹ÷ɣսҲδؿԵס
һ˵׵ˮѹѾѹһЩս
ʮ׵ˮѹսҲԵֵ
׵ˮѹҶǳûмʶ޷϶ܿ£ȻЩҲһޱˡ
ҵطȣ赲ܶ˿ˣ˵֮µĻЩʷǰһЦ
ʷǰҶǳɻ
͵ʷǰһЩްɣЩ֮˼꣬Ǵһֱ֮жһǳǿҲࡣ
ΣհҲ֪ܻܲŽҶǳЦѹ޷ֵˣ˵Щʷǰﻷӡ
̯̯֣԰ЩӶڵȴҶҵҪڵȴλҶҵľӣʵǿ󣬻ӵڣǾͿԳͨˡ
ǻлõ𣿹˼ҲɱġҶǳƲ
ЦģӲɱ˵ģֻҪǲҶҵˣɱǵģϾҶڱսҼɵǸҴɱ䣬ͻƵսҶҡ
ԭˣҶǳȻ򣬱Ҷڷ⣬ʵҲСģϾ̫ҫˣսҼɵҲΣգľַش֮
˵ʱ򣬺ܳȥϢˣȵʱɫʱ
ôҶǳʵ
ЦղŵõϢҶ˲ˣӸʥսҶҲ롣
д£ҶǳЩȣǿǷһ󱦵أǶˣҶҾȻıء
̾ҶȣоӣֻҪĵȴӳΪսҶҾѹսңٶȷһǧꡣԣھûгΪս֮ǰǲϣսҲìܣʥսʥӻɱ¾һҶҵʥӵսҵʥӣӶǵЩսԸҶңǾЩòʧˡ෴ǲεʥսڳսҶüǵĺãȻҲӮ˲սҵĺøС
ţҶҵѡǶԵģһô죿ҶǳʵҶҾ̫Զڻķ
ѪΪҶǳİܴòصע
ô죿ֻԼȥˣܲܽͿԼıˡ̯̯֡
ʱǰʮλҲˣԴԼҵʥǣһʼ򺣵Ǳ롣
ҶǳҲźҵӣźǱ롣
˶ųսȫһӺ򺣵׼䣬ٶȶܿ졣
ҲûзųսЩǿˡ
񼧼ҡ׼ҵʥӣһԲޱǿ󣬲ҪսҲֵܵסˮѹ
Ҷǳ͸˵ˣﵽС⾳磬ȻΪƾͲˡ
˵Ĳ룬ȵ˺һ׵ʱѾвʥӿʼֲסѡ˳ˡ
սµʥӣ˳ȥˡսҵӿ˵
һ׾ͼֲסˣʣİףô֣
ʱһЩսµʥӣһĲģѡ˳ˡ
ԭǧˣʱʣ¼ˡ


584 ͵Ϯ
Ҷǳ˿̸оãһ׵ѹС⾳ֵǳɡΪʵѾųսԼ
סס
֮ºڰһƬǵȵİ׵֮ҶǳͷǰһһƬõĺʱǰ
ָĺιȥЩ϶Ƭһ;޴һСɽƵģǳ𺳡
ҶǳĿɿڴЩʷǰ̫Ӵˣһϻ־޴ͣһСһں׺ֱײ
ЩʷǰƢ˵ѹûаҶǳЩСԲûйǣԹ˵ˡ
ҲйԵʷǰ˵ǰһɫƬſѪڣͷųһֲĳڹ׼ҵһλӡ
׼ҵӺ̧ͷųһ磬ɫĻð̣ŵͷܡ
һֻͿȳǳشСޣһ־ʱץס˲սҵʥӣһЩʥӱ̳ˡ
ʮλսҵһ֣һеʥֲܣŽֻ޺ɱ
Ҷǳľ޵ʵ̫ˣսҵӶ϶ҪԿҺЩսҵǶһʥǳֲ
Ӵ˵ؿʼǱĹʷǰԽԽ࣬˲ʥӣҶǳ㱻һͷɱҿĺӽͷ˱飬ŽҶǳ
лӣҶǳԺӱȭһм֮ɫ
ӵص˵ͷ
ԶһЩлҵʥ¶ź֮ɫǱҶǳͷЩֻ׼Ҷǳû뵽ȴӾˡ
һлҵʥӲɵԹҵӶ£ȻҲֻԹ˵
ҶǳɨȺлʥһۣ漴ԽСĽڼǱ;УںӸϾںҿ䣬ؼʱ̺ӻһġ
ȻҪĻǵԼϾʮʥһΣգӿ϶ȾԼҵʥӣֵõҶǳ
Ǳôãܹõˡ
װ͹ƽ޴ӣָĺݱ鲼ҶǳһЩ޴ĺǳ档
һǰ·úǿһ޴ˮͬһں׾
Ҷǳ磬͸ˮһ޴ĺֻۣӿγͬһˮ
⺣۱ͨһλսҵӿ˵ͬʱԼҵʥǣˮȥ
ˮǳǿʥǸֻԼӵʥ£ܴȥӶ뺣ۡ
ҶǳҲ溣ӳǰˮȥҵӳǰ棬ֳһʥͷųһɫİԲι֣Ҷǳǻס
СģȻȵ
ҶǳҲӦΣյϢתͷȥȴͫһޱȾŭ
ΪԶлҵӶˣһ貵Ľ⣬Ȼֻ֣ǱϾлӣһж£ڳӣ˭ֵܵ
ӣȻ͵ϮңҶǳţлҵʥӶ֣⣬лҵӣǿӰȻ͵ϮЩ˼顣
ʱҶǳѾûЩˣ͵뿪ɫ֣ȻͱΧǿµˮˣ֪
лһ
һŭ
ҵŭŲԶлӣûʱл鷳ΪֱƻæžԮǺҵʥǡ
׼ãڳְæҵҲְæˡ
֣лҵӵһЦҲ־¼λҵʥӣ͵ߣ˵Ҳ֪лҺͽʵĶԹĴڣлʵڲܡǲ֣ǸǺӣѾȻ顣ģڽ磬лҲǺҡ
һ߳־Ԯʥӣһ߿˵ԭ򣬲ҵǸ֤һĶú޻˵Ͼ˼ѾͷˣҳϿҵǸ
ֻǱߵҶǳˮ֪
վˣȻзŭҲ֪ڽҪΪһ˺лӷǺҵʥҲѡ
ãգұһս˵
ô˵лӣҶǳĻԺ˭ҼǺң
Ϊ˺ҵӣҲóֻ֣ˮﲻ֣ͬʱ߻кҵʥۡ
ǺǣҲһºҵķħŵлӲ˵
һлʥҲ˲ѣΪǿҶǳˣϾе˺̫ˣﵽԲ磬Ҳᱻ˺Ƭġ


585 ˫֮
ҡ׼ҡлҡҵһˣ̽뺣ִۣ
˿̣ҶǳܵˮķݲУһµҪ˺ѳƬ
Ҷǳﵽ˴С⾳磬Իܹסǿ˺ֻΪϢҶǳСװˮ˺ƬɼĴ
Ļлҵӿ϶֡
ֱЩսҵ˶뺣֮Ҷǳƴź۳ȥķ˾ţ֮Ž˺ۡ

̿ϴ
һƬ޴ϿȣΧһЩïʢӲݣԲԣǳܼ
Զһ޴ĻɽƣỤ̃һɹɷҽðȵϢźԶܴ
ѵǷ
Ҷǳӵչһ壬㵵ؿܣЩš
˭뵽ں֮£ȻһƬԴֱ
ԣô̫ȻҶǳе̫ʱһĿиһĨ֮ɫ
֮£ǲ̫ġ
ǲںףȻܣϾһ·Ǳ׵ģôܲںף
Ǿֻʣһֽ
磡
Ҷǳܣɫ΢΢һ磡
һλ棬ȻγɵĶռ䣬ӱս½һģһ硣
ս½λƽģǲȶģȫʶȲս½ôޱߡ
ȻǶĿռ䣬Ȼ̫ҫ֮¡
ƺȺҵ绹ҪһЩҶǳһȥһ·ֻޣһЩݴӹͶӴޡ
Ҷǳȥҵ磬ǺڱսѰҵ˵磬ӦǶ磬ǰ磬ȴǱȺ绹ҪЩˡ
ܹӵֶģ϶һλǿߣпս
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Ȼǰһ󼤶졣
ҶǳʱѸϢӽǰ
òϾܹ˵صսӵܣǱĴڡ
Ҷǳս˫󣬶ʱһĿɿڴлŲ˼顣
Ϊǰս˫սҵӵܣͷ
ͷ
һͷצƬɭ˸峤ɣβڵϣõ涼ѿһµķ϶ʵǳǿ
һƫ򶫷壬ѪӦ÷ǳצ޼ҶǳóΪսʡ
һͷǷΪԾ޴ĳ򣬲ӵʮֻţ΢ӴΪҲսʼ
Ǵķǳң˫ѾѪеĵط¶˰׹ǣɼսĲпᣬɱ
ҶǳеֵǣͷƺѹΪսʵΪǱֳֻսʵΪͶצƽ
Ҫƽһս𣿡
Ҷǳ¶ԻЩ⣬ϾǰͷɱõŹƽѵҲҪͬλ֣ܶ
Ҷǳòܣôܻͬһսⲻ޵ϰԣοɱҲôɵ
ǣҶǳۿƬ̣ڷԭ
ͷҪѹԼΪƬķƣѹΪֳֻܱսʼ
սʡ˵ƺһϢҶǳеЩϲ
ԭЩսҵʥӱıΪϾ˵ʥӣϵսʣ˵Щһս𼶱𣬾Ҷǳ̤˾ŽҲܺ档
ڲһˣƬ棬ΪߣѹƵսʾ磬оͽЩսӵܵΪƣҶǳкô
ʮս൱һսʣսҲֻΡһ̤߽սʥӣҲаһսҶǳеޱ˷ܡ
ʵǵ׵ģһЩ̤߽ϵţʣµѾĶˡ
ȻҶǳɲЩӣǿ˴󲿷ʥӣȫࡣ
ۣ
ڴʱҶǳǰ漤սͷѾҪֳʤˡ
צޣȡϷ磬һҧзһֻ򣬽Ӳ۵÷˻
ϧˣҶǳҡҡͷͷҲǿѪ죬Ͼ˵ߵȼҲǰͷѾʮɼѪжô죬ԱȼޣϧվצĴ塣
໣
ǰʮŭг˾ǿͲĹâ³ҧܵǰδеشƴһҧצĲӡ
ҶǳһͷʮĿеޱȵϤǺһ񣬳˲־ʹҲ־塣


586 
أ
צʮƴҧвӣ۵˻ǳ׺ݣһצֱӽʮķɣȻ߸Ծٶɱȥ
䣡
ʮƲأս죬צһƴ䲫ɱ
ֲļǿ־ҶǳЩݣԼƺЩʲôˡ
Ҳգ;һΰɣҲҪѪֻצǴ壬ѪһѪҪǿܶ࣬ʺ
ҶǳĿһ漴Σֱӳ˳ȥһצ
䣡צͻһˣֱӵɳȥײһÿò
ʮһصҶǳƺû뵽һࡣ
٣ģһԸҶǳʮ˻֣¶Цݡ
ֻʮܽҶǳҶǳһξ룬ֻ۾
ðɣȽҶǳε̯̯֣漴צɱȥ
𣡡צʱҲҶǳŭˣɱ
䣡
һһҲɱ췭ظ
ҶǳܿռϷ磬Ϊͷצʮɱ̫ˣѾ˲ƣʵܶ࣬۷״̬
ҶǳǴ۷״̬̤˽ޣֳֺڽϵغצƤ
𣡡
צЩĵŭţǰʮɱ̫ˣǰĶ֣
ʲôУȸѪɣҶǳЦһûնצһ޴Ѫ⣬սռָ档
𣡡צ۵ֱ£ݺݵҶǳһۣȻ󡭡Ȼˡ
ҶǳЩĿɿڴû뵽ƢôצȻӵô졣
ҶǳӦʱצѾԶˡ
ûϢļһ򲻹ӣ治ҪҶǳֱɱצŪһЩѪء
ҶǳղһצѪ⣬ӦܹһЩѪܹƼ¯
ι
Ҷǳʮǰк
𣡡ʮͺţҶǳĿ˾裬һֻѾ˰ɡ
ûж⣡ҶǳڽȻóһ˵ҩʮǰ˵ȥƾָܻһЩˡ
ȻޣҶǳŶԷܹԼĻ
ȻʮҶǳڽеľ֮ɫһЩ漴ͷŵϵĵҩ΢΢һԥȥ
ҶǳҪɱܼ򵥣ûҪöҩ඾ɱ
ôЧɣҶǳǰʮЦʵƵİʥ˵ҩսã˵սˡ
Ȼʮµҩ֮ĵطʱֹͣѪһӻָС룬ľࡣ
𣡡
ʮҶǳţг˸м֮ɫȻѾҶǳ⡣
ǺǣҽҶǳʶһ£Ҷǳ漴ЦȻǽӣǶǰͷʮȴǲҪʵݡ
𣡡ʮ̫Ҷǳ֣Ͼû֣ǶҶǳ˵ͷ漴ߵһߣץǰצ˺ڵϵĶϳᣬſڣȥ
ҶǳĿɿڴԼĶϳȥΪЩ⡣
󣬸ҶǳһĻˡ
ΪǰʮԼʣµһֻҲˣȻǰһҲԼȥ
Բ𣿡Ҷǳ̲סʵڻͷʮǲǱצӡ
һ𳶵һٳǿʮȻһξ񲨶Щ϶ƺ̫óཻ
ҶǳǰСټëԱ߽ͣ޵ľ񲨶Щ⡣
ԭˣ㻹ǼǿҶǳʮ˼ʱ塣
ʮϵһֻ³ĳ϶֮ǰʣµһֻԳƣɴʣµһֻˣ˫һٳ˫Դˣһǿ
㣬ٶԼţƻָĸãҶǳٶȶ˵ҩǰʮ
ʮµҩ󣬿ҶǳĿˣҴһξ񲨶㡭ܺã
Ҷǳ΢΢һ̣Ϥë֪һڲˡ
ΪҶǳǰֻʮǱͬѰԺëСһߣԺΪһǿİ֡
㡭ȻʮҶǳ˻צӣȻͳһɱȥ
ҶǳЩɻ󣬲ǸȥϾôǱʮǲġ
ңҶǳҲʮ˽˵صﲻǷôд壬ʮ
Ҷǳ²⣬ƺܣ紫ֻǰĹء


587 
ֻǰĹأӦһƬزŶԣﻨ㣬дʮⶼһ峲Ѩˡ
պҪҸط͸ȥҶǳ뵽ӿٶȣʮĺ档
úǴһƬƬɭ֣һ۵СϿȡ
ҶǳȵǣСϿΧһЩǿ󷨣ʮ·ǲܽġ
˼
ҶǳйâһԽһЩܡ
ʮϿȣҶǳȻǰһ˼޴ĹǳĺΰΧһЩʯݣһȺľۼء
ҶǳûܵϢʮ⣬ûһŵڡ
𣡡
ʮкҶǳһ޴Ĺ
Ҷǳ˹ȥ޴Ĺ֮һ޴İǼܣ˶ʱסˡ

Ҷǳɵþ
ʣǰ⸱Ǽܵˣǵݺ޺λ
ϾǷһеĶڣǳϡ٣û˵еڶ޺
ٽϴ˵صҶǳʱ²ЩսһֱѰҵķ
ãһҵ˷ֻҶǳǰ޴İǼܣɵһЦ
ֻֻʣ¹Ǽˣһ⣬һѪûУǰһˡ
ԣϻһѰƬЩǿʥĲϣǱȽ
ǣҶǳҪѪΪʥ˵ʱôżҪ˵ȱʥϣЩƬҲֻʱš

ԱߣʮڵϣһֻצӣǰһƬ֮аʲô
ҶǳһʮƬ֮ҵһˮһԴСʯͷԵþӨ͸ʯ
𣡡ʮҶǳͺ漴ˮһʯͷҶǳҴһ񲨶
㡭ʮҶǳЩƽϾǰû˸
ʲôҶǳɻؽӹˮʯͷʯͷܴ󣬿ԴС˫ţǰϸ
ҶǳûпȻⶫʯһӨ͸ûʲôص㡣
߶սԿҶǳȻ뵽Ͼкܶ౦Ҫ߶սܼġ
£ҶǳŴ߶һЩսעеˮʯͷС

սע룬һƬĹĻˮʯͷͷųڰУչһǽô
ףҶǳ¶֮ɫΪƬĻУʼһЩϤĻ棬޺ĳƬ·ƬЩϤ
һ֮лһȻһͷӴİͼֱϻʻҪʮ౶ŹĻȥ𺳸С
ͷҶǳɵÿԱߵľ޴ǼܣѾµˮʯͷӦǿԼ¼һЩȥӰ񣬶Ļ֮гֵİǰѾȥİ
գҶǳһɺģŹĻ֮еһ档
Ӧǰǰ¼ģ޺ִԶһƬ򣬻ʱǱ뺣ףƺڿǰԼķ
ú󣬻תϤĺףҶǳϤˮԼͨĺۡ
ԣͷҲ˺ۣʱ۾һҲѷں֮УӦþû˿Դŵĳˡ
ٴα仯ͨ۵ִﵽ磬ƺҲˣϾ˭뵽֮¾Ȼһ޴Ķ硣
һ˿ģʼ̽磬գҵһ޴ɽɽͻҪϼʮеǳ𺳣ѵ˵ػбҪӴޣ
ʷǰ
ؽ޴ɽ£Ͼ٣Ҫ˶ñȥкξ壿
Ļ棬ȴҶǳеޱ𾪡
Ϊɽҵ˼ٸ޴޵ҴӰƺϳЩ޵ھ
ٸ
Ҷǳйâһɵ뵽ǰͷצҲǴЩ֮зİɡ
ҶǳǰĻ棬ǰļٿ˺һŻع˫ϵӣƺһųĳɫʡ
ڵʲôȻûͨͣҶǳ֪˵ʲô
צϢûʮǿצЩĺӣצĳѨ
֮Уһܡ
ʮǿצڣս½壬צѪҲѹְôˡ


588 צ
צܴ˵֮еǿҲΪͬʱҲǿޡ
ʮǿ֮Уצһ޿ġʣµľޣ򲻷ΪצܳΪս񣬶޾δˡ
û뵽羹ȻצģצӦǳΪս񣬲û˵ǧצְ
ҶǳЩɻ
ս񣬱ǧǰĴս񣬴˺ǧ꣬ûгֹս
ѵͷצΪս񣬵ܵ͵ûս½ע⡣
Ҷǳҡҡͷצô͵ëצޣôܻ͵
֮ʾǼٿ֪ͷצжôˣȻҲôຢӡ
ҶǳǰĹĻۿȥڼЩЩȱȻӦ÷ˡ
ȻѲԼ壬Դ߶Щ
ڰ£Ҷǳһͷͷָ֮ƿǶоһͷ֮ǰצ
ʵϣЩ󲿷ֶצצģֻһͷͽϴצģĸͷܸߣȫƣɢһʥС
צ
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Щ֮УȻһͷצ
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ȻצҶǳޱ𺳣ǰĹĻ
֮Уһ߼һ̵߽ͷצǳ񱩣Űڵ۸һֱɱһͷðˡ
һſԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ֡
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ͷצ
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еͷצص̵
Ҷǳӻ֮пóͷצԸȫͬȳͷצƢ꣬սҲܶצԸҪ࣬ԴҲǳƣûˡ
ҲȻϲͷצֻƫģŭȳͷצŰڵʱ򣬽ͷצˣ̳Դúͷצ䵽צ磬Ѫ츳Σա
ȵϻʱѾˣŭ˽צȥ
ѵͷצ𣿡ҶǳЩģϾҲܲˬȳͷצʵ̫ˣɳ»ս½һѪȷ硣
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צһ֮УȻʼԼѪֲͷצŵԴЧǺܺãֻʱס
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ҶǳŹĻȻϣͷצȥְ취˺ܶĵرϣԾͷצ
Ŭûа׷ѣͷצƱסˣͷצ˳˯ÿһʱ䣬ҪѪ
ǣΪ˾ͷצѡԼԪ࣬ڵѪͷצ㸺չͷצ
ˮʯͷϵĹĻʧڰ󣬾ûл¼ˡ
ҶǳˮʯͷԱߵʮʵͷצ񻹻𣿡
šʮ˵޴ԴȻҶǳ뿪Աߵһȥ
棬Ҷǳһ޴Ѫأһͷ׵צ˳˯ֻһ˿˿¶Ǿ̫δܹӦõ
ףѪ֮еѪǿƺλѪҶǳȻ˵
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ѹһ
Ҷǳǰʮɵõ֮ɫ
ԭֻһͷѪ츳ڲϵɱУõ˽һѪﵽʮĵز
еļѣ֪


589 ȼ
Ѫ͵ܹͣﵽľѾǼˣǰͷȴﵽʮľ磬ǳԽ˼ޣѹֿԺͷצͬ档
֮еƽϣţ֮еϻЩƣֻҪӵǿ־ͼǿѪɱ
֪ҩûЧ
ҶǳѪ֮˯צóһ˵ҩ£Ҵ߶ս
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Ҫ֪һͷצȻ˻צָܹĻɿԳΪצ
ܹշһͷޣҶǳԺ󻹻ԵЩս𣿵ȵצɳͿצսˡ
ҪǣצǿԳΪսĴڣһǰٷ֮ٵļʡ
𣡡
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Щ壬ʣǾԻ˲ء
ЩҶǳûʲôϵЩսҵУҲֻԺҡ׼ҺͼЩøУսңûʲôӡ
׼ҺлңҶǳͲʣǵҲɱǾ;ˡ
ҲҪΪȻ̤˰˽Բ磬츳ѷɫЩҵΪŽʮս磬ƬܹסսΪ£Һܲ
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£ҶǳٶóһЩ˵ҩԱߵʮȥԼָơʼϾ֮ǰѾõצһЩѪһЩˡ
ѾʮսֻҪ㹻һսʾ硣
ңǧѪӦ㹻Ϊսʣսʾ硣
÷ﰲȫҶǳչΪĺõط
ЩսӵܵɱûʲôϵŲ˫
ŬԼΪҪġ


590 ս
ҶǳʱʮҶǳһЩ˵ҩڳ˯ָƣĶϳ֮ͻڲϵð
Ҷǳȵǣʮ¸Ҳͻ֡
ѵһҪʮ𣿡
ҶǳЩϲ
ȻûпͷʮѪȻͣͨԼŬϵЩ岫ɱһԽޣŸ߲ν
һν֮ԺЩͨˣܹ̤߽򡣡Ҷǳ²
漴ҶǳӿռָóһЩʯʮԱߣн
ЩʯҶǳɱ׸߸裬ɱ׼Ҽλʥõ׼ҵλǿʥӣΪ˲ʯ󲿷ʯ͸ëȥˣֻһЩԼá
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ҶǳѾˣοڴﵽ˴ʦʦ磬͸ˡ
һҶǳƳɹ¯ǣ߿
ҶǳԴ˺⣬ԴӴﵽ˴ʦʦ磬ĳͶ߿ţʱܹƳʮš
һͬҩģҶǳõҪǰöˡ

ʱ䣬ת۹ȥ
Ҷǳһʮ¯õһٶʼõҩսʾ硣
ʮȥҶǳʱսͻƿ̤һսʾ硣
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Ҷǳ֪ҪˣΪ˲ǣʮ뿪ȥɽ١
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׵ĺ֣֮Ҷǳȫ߶׵ӶĥԼÿһѪ⣬ÿһϸ
ڲϵǿš
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µʮɱϵֻ޳ᣬֱ󿳵һиϢգһХ
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һһĺܼң𶯡


591 ԩ·խ
Ҷǳʮд裬ջҶǳӮˣͻ˰ʵ֪
ҶǳʣµļʮҲˣȻַһЩѪԼΪһս۷ƿ
ڵʵƺЩһսˡҶǳĿԼš
ЩսҵӵܣǵӣҶǳҲ֮ǰôһˡ
лҵлһǵ˵úúˡҶǳȻиһɱ⣬ǵ֮ǰллһһ㽫նɱĳӾȻ͵Ϯܷŭ
֮ǰҶǳûʵ𣬵ˡ
˿ʵƬѹЩսӵܵΪѩ޵ĺʱ
գҶǳתͷԱߵʮӻ˵СɣǳȥԣСȡһЩѪ
𣡡ʮ˵ͷҶǳ뿪
СɱҶǳʮ֣Сǹͷ˳˯צ
СɡС壬С
ҶǳȷܿӣҲ̫ˣķѾˣҲǸŶѡ

뿪ҶǳСѰЩټ
ⷽϣСмңϾϤЩϢźԶŵõټǰԣѾ˲ⷽľˡ
СɣҶǳǺܿ׷ٵһͷͨϢ
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Сɣƣ֪ҲбԽʱ򡣡ҶǳһʱЩˬµС˵漴ҲСɵı
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Ǻǣԩ·խлһ㽫նɱҾܵȥ񡣡Ҷǳɱ
ʱǰ治ԶлѾս׼ɱڵسЦҲˣһҵ°ܽעҪ̤˽򣬳Ϊлҵһӡ
˷ܣΪͬսʤһͷ壬һ׼
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ǹϲˣ
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˭лһĿҶǳӰ֮󣬶ʱһ


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ˮĿֲ˺жñ˺ƬҶǳôܻţ
ǿǰҶǳлòҶǳš
Ǻǣôһʧ԰ɣҶǳһЦɱ⣬Ρ
ϾлҶȶˣõ
Ҳûʧ
лҡҡͷҶǳ΢΢𣬴һ˿Цݣʵʱ㱻ҴһɣһЩźģϾûֽնɱںˣȻԼΪֲź𣿡
һỹģ㣬յϢҶǳ˵йâһһѾ޴Ļƽ޽
ս⣬ӿȣһ
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ʵṳ̂ŽֻΪǿԲԽŸɱУһ̤Žɡ
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ˣ
Ҷǳֱָлɫ䡣
ʣŭǴ˵ѹҵΪֻһֻϣҷ֮ܽɱ
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лһͣ漴صҶǳԹ֮ɫ³Һúܶ࣬Ҵ粻Źġ
粻ңҲȥģİɣܿǾͻžˡҶǳ˵
ߣԲѣлҴҲǰ˽ţվֻһսʵΪܹԽżҲĶ֣һұѩ޵ġ
ϧ㿴һˡҶǳ˷ϻлƽ޽һɨһſѪܵԴգɺѪҺ֮ҲȾա
˲䣬Ҷǳ¶Լݣǰл֪ʵݡ
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лֻü³һ֣Ҳ˵ˣͫ׵ɵϴۿݣĲţֱĿ
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лĺܲģҪϢ磬ϧ
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593 ټ
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⣬лѳĿռָ棬ҶǳҲ˲ı
Ͼһλսҵǿʥӣۿ϶ޱȷ
Ҷǳöռָҵ˲õҩģлںռģȻսҵʥӶм幩ҩҲҪռһЩҩĹ׸壬ϾɳҲΪһЩܼ顣
ȻЩҩĶҶǳˡ
ΪһʦʦҶǳҩǶƣϾ˵ҩȵȣҪҩģҩĶġ
Ҷǳϲǣ濴һЩлԼµĽĵãⲻǽȴлԼԽĸ
лԼĸ⣬һЩռǰˣȻܽġ
ö
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ԣЩлĽĵãռǰʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳԼ͸ˣ϶
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лĿռָҶǳкС˵Ǽڸȡ֮ǰɱһͷ塣
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ŨҵѪϢ
СɼѰһ·ҶǳȻͣסŲӶ˶üͷһ壬ʱصضǰ
𣡡ԵСҲԵЩǣƺִٲˣһ񲨶
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Ҷǳ֮󣬲ž㵵ԭǰʵϢ·˵أߣǹȥ
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ҵʥӣҶǳ߹һʱһȻʶҵÿһʥӣȴϵúʥǵ·
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Ϊһǿʥӣ־ᶨȻ֪ԼҲûжη塣


594 ʵǿ
ǰһ̹ȻĺʥӣҶǳЩ壬ɵʵһԸȸңǵʲôأأ
֮ǰȹϵҶǳ˵Ϣ
λʥҲûϾҶǳҲǺҵˣҪʲôϢ
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ҶǳЩжȻûоΪͷˣûΪ˶ı䡣
һʼúõģϾʱǲ֪ڣǺǣǰ˭뵽壬һͷʣ
λʥһЦͷ̫ˣʱֱ޵Уһצһսҵʥӣڳʮλսҵӷ׷׼ʥǿƽ֡
ôǿҶǳȻͷʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Щսҵӣǿ˽ĳţһʥǾŽҲû취ֵɡ
ڿʲֻоŽô򵥣ѾھŽѾͻˣȸ̤Žǿˡ
ҲԣСԴǼλצ츳ѹֻôǿ󡣡Ҷǳ漴뵽СʱЩ
Ȼǿ󣬵ʮλҲܵסλҵʥҡҡͷЩµ˵˲أΪЩߵʮͷʮͷ׼ͽǼ˸ˣսҶ˲أɢߡ
ͷʾȻǵжȻշһЩ׼ҶǳɫʱʵǿҲˣȻһȺСܣôһˣԻ
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λʥֻЩӺʼԶȥҲڻ֮бӣʱ򼴱Լֵܣû취չˣֻܿԼ
Ҷǳ֮ǰлҲڻ֮ӳȥġ
ǺǣѰģȴ³ôңһθսҶʧأܻܲųȥ⡣ܹշһͷǾ׬ˡλʥЩԳЦ
Ҷǳ԰̾սҵӵҲǰ׳գȻԿշСɣЩսҵҲȻշһͷ
ĴǿսҵУһԼңΪʿ壬ΪǼҵڵһλʿһͷ޻
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Լҵӡʥӱǿټʵӳ֣һһ֣Ǿ͸ӿֲˡ
ΪսҵڣڶӡʥӷһͶС˼ˡ
ܹշһͷôҲܳΪһʿˡ
ǿ츳ȼսӵĴڣһ̤ս𼶱ʵ϶ǿ
ȻҲҰľ޴ӣĿϣϾδս
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ҶǳǾշСɾ͹ˣȻܹκС壬Ǿ͸ˡ
ǰĺʥӼһҶǳѯʹʲôԸ·̫ʬյĸɸɾЩҰ޵ʳ
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Ҷǳ뵽
ƬΪѹսʼ𣬶Ҷǳڲһս۷壬Ϊ츳ͷʣһˣǲ
ҶǳԼȰΪȥĻʣҲЩ

úҶǳǻص˷
ҶǳԼĿռָóͷʬ壬һצǱСɱͨ壬һǱлɱ׼
ҶǳצѪҺŸɾС壬ѪĴѪҺ˯Ѫ֮еСϢǿ࣬ôˡ
ҶǳСɶеܸˣЩѪҺЧܺãٶŪһЩôСܾܿͻˡ
Ҷǳֽ׼ѪҺ֮ʣµ֮һ׼
Ͼֻʵǿˣɱǿ塣
СɶԴ˺⣬οҶǳָտһ⣬θöˡ
ҶǳҲԵĺˬڵ⣬ȥãþô⣬ҲһµʱܰΪһˡ


595 ʵ
УҶǳСɴãһ߿⣬һߺſռָЩսʥЯľˮһһò
΢΢ĿԱЩСɣҶǳһЦСѾ벻ˣʱ϶Դȥ
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ҶǳΪСɾǱôǿܹﵽ¾Ǽˡ
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뵽ҶǳСɴкȻԼȥԱߵһ׼
ҪʵȻɱһЩѪСѡ
֮УҶǳóǼʮռָʼһһ̽
ҩķ࣬ȡҪҩģȻټ
ȾһѶѵʯʮʥЯʯ̫ˣҶǳóȻߣʱʹùŨ˼¡
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ף裡
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һǺʥӵĿռָҶǳ˲˲²⣬漴öָҵ˵ƣȻһλҵʥӣһǺҵһλǿʥӣѹֻô衣
ϧˣ˵ֻһλǿʥӣʧ̫ˡҶǳҡͷ̾Ϣ
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裬Ҷǳʱ򲻼ʼһ߷裬һ߹ۿлõĽȻԼĽʹ֮øǿ
мʮףҶǳҲݳһͺһ裬ԼԴ۷ʱ̡
ټлЩҶǳͬһ麣һϵǰǵļĵãԼĽҲڲϵǿš
䣡
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Ҷǳɵһ̾ͬʱиڴָõС壬ʱ֣Ҳˡ


596 
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𣡡С˷ܵص˵ͷҲܹӦС״̬֪һתá
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ңллһ֪ôշһͷΧӺʹúӺأֻǿ֧š
һߣҶǳϤĺҲܵλлʥӵΧͬΣǿ֡
ҶǳֵĻ˿½Ҫڴ˵ˡ
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ȻҲҶǳͻȻֵĲ֮͡
ͬǣͺһȺϲɫлҵ˾ɫѿ࣬ޱȣЩš
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ҲҶǳ˵ͷ
һߣллһĿؿҶǳ˵ֻǶˣ
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𣡡Сɸɱλлʥӡ
һߣҶǳҲˣֻػӶеĻƽ޽һ貵Ľâ㽫ǰлʥһ롣
Ѫ䣬쳣ޡ
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Ҫ֪ղųֵˣɶ̤š
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ɱ㣡
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̤߽лҵʥӵУպǽлš
ৣ
ҶǳӭϣһɨȥһѪܵԴ
һһɱڳˡ
лҵлһɴ۾ŵؿҶǳ


597 ս
ⲻܣ
̤˰˽Ҳôǿɣ

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ղλлʥ̤߽򣬲ҷӳΪҶǳһΣȻҲҶǳɱˣʵֲ̫ˡ
Ҷǳ̤˰˽Ҳһ㣬̤˾Žпõ
ʵϣڵҶǳ̤˾Žûʲô𣬱ϾΪ̫޴ˣﵽ˰˽Բ磬ߵӣŽˡ
лҾȻΧɱǺҵӺʥӣô൱ǺҿսˣɱҲ
ҶǳɱλлʥӣԽԽһ򺣷ýʣļλʥɵһٴС
û뵽Ц˵֣㾡ɱɱǣҲõлҵ˻׷ɱ㣬ǺһΪͷġ
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Ǻӣ൱һκҼĻԴҡ
лӶɫһ䣬漴ЦԲѣȽ㣬ȥСӡ
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ȥҵѣҶǳһϲæָָ磬ȻС˵
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ͬʱҶǳһǰú߲ҽء
ʣͷˣܵشҶǳԼֲ˶á
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598 
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ҶǳЩڣ漴ҡͷûУǰ˽Բɣǿ󣬴ﵽ˴С⾳磬ǿŽ
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Ȼ֮ҶǳЩ裬ҲΪ׺£ҲԸͺվһȻҪ


599 ս
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𣡡Сһߵͺ𣬴һ񲨶һҶǳ߿աĴž޳ᣬһŭǰļòնˡ
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𣡡Сһ߷Уһ߼һ񲨶಻֪ܰȫ
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ֻҶǳԴһһʧˡ


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漴ҶǳԼɱĴ壬ֻʵĴȣǰСڵĹ
֮УСϢԽԽǿˣҶǳ״ʱڴ
С壬ҸʲôöҶǳʵĴЦ
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ҶǳӿռָóһЩþƣһ߳⣬һߺȾƣò
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Ҫβܰ㳹׻ָԴҶǳʵϣСԻָȫʢʱڵ츳ǲצ
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СĬƬ̣漴˵Ѫȷãһ¹ȥˣѾָˣ㲻Ķ֡
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ϾͲùˣҶǳ漴ЦѾȥһˣҪ˶ãиǿƬ磬ʱͷʿҲᱻǸ²ˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵սҵлһ޵еľӣοռݾԵƣԼǿʥ
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СˣֻǴСɳȥôЩսǲġϾҶǳݲͣкͺվߣǴһѪеǱҲġ
СͲһˣһͷצȻѪ츳ˣͷʣǣЩսҵ˲֪ǾԲܷҶǳСȥģ϶С壬Ǻҵǿ߶пܻᶯġ
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602 
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Ҫ֪ûΪѹƣһЩսҵӵܣսʵΪ޷Щսҵǿ߶Կ
ԣʾԼӦڰУһ˽磬һʵڲʺϸߵж
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һԣСش磬ǵһοôĴ󺣣еǳĺ档
ߣȥ죡Ҷǳóͼҵһ˵죬ëԼĵط
ë˵ˣҪ޺һݵ㣬˵졣
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Ҷǳֱë׼沼󷨣ڹȥˣݵӦͱú˰ɡ
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СҲСֻǺСɱԶˣղűСɵľ޴סˣëûз֡
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Сӣצҵˣү治֪˵ʲôˣСӵ̫Ũˡë漴һ̾
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ߣһëûСƨˡëߵʮǿеϴצһ򶼲ˬ
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צʮǿޣһ漣ˣ˵һӳ
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ëľѣҶǳһ֮̾ɫСʶ㱻̤սʾ磬Ҫ˶ñܹ̤Žˡ
ֻҪܺ俪ڵĵƽ֮ţ̤Ž򣡡ҶǳЦݣгŵɫʡ
ٷϻ϶˲ϽүһЩëе
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һүָսΪԶˡëûйеܸˣϾսʣսֻʣˡ
Ҷǳ漴ҲչؿʼսʳڣȫԼΪս۷徳硣
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Ϊ˵õצһЩ壬츳ǿ߿ʼ硣
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һԵĺҲҶǳ˵ͷȻҶǳһΣѾӮǵĺøС
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˼ҶǳףʵҪ̫ˣ˭õʣһ뿪磬ܵսϱǿߵĹʱҪҵЩϳˣҶǳЩС϶û취ԿЩϱս𣬱˴˵Ϊ̫ˡ
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һ뿪ǣǰ硣
ҶǳҲС
·ϣҶǳǳв˶ڵƬȥɢ޻ˡ
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˵滹սҵϱǿ֣߰һɢ޾ҴűҲδؿԻ뿪
ȥˮģҶǳ֪̾ɢ޵ӲùʱΪΪͻðƴһѡ
ʵϣ˾һɢޣһֱðա
쿴ҶҵˣȻָŲԶһҾ޴ս˵
ҶǳĿȥҾ޴սȻУٶȺܿ졣սϣһģдһҶ֡
ҲڣҶǳһϤӰǾӡ
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Ҷǳɫ˳飬֮ǰͿʵһȣҲú˵еôսʣ˭ҲϣԷõôܾܿͻὫʻɱڷʬ
ϾЩս˵ԼòĶҲñ˵õ


604 ɽ
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ȻһߴӺ׳˷ܵش˵ΪѹûˣѾϱǿ߽ȥˡ
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˵ضʱһƬȻ
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ûΪѹƣսʾʲôڳһʥӣܵʡ
£ڳһߣȲسס
ҶǳҲźҵ˽ȥףˮƬ硣
ϤĻڸһȻûڤڤ֮еѹҶǳʱȵĲѹΪˡ
һԵĺ˵ͷΪսΪûбѹƣǿޱȡ
ˣûΪѹƣͷʼ̤˾ŽҲֻϡ
ǿȥʣûΪѹƣлץʣҵʡæ˵
һںǿ߶ʱʼж
ҶǳҲߣϾﲻѹΪǿ츳ʱû֮أлҵȺˣˡ
ǱҵĴȣԱ
ңҶǳо֣ƬΪѹôúõľʧأ
ҶǳǵСɸ˵ƬΪѹƸйأʲôΪƬͻΪѹƵʲô̶ȡ
ȻƬ֮ô趨Ϊ˱ʡΪֻ֪Ҫͬ磬ʾ޵еġ
෴ûΪѹƣΪ̫϶Ȳǿߡ
ƬȶҾô궼ûг״ôͻȻ֮ʧȥΪѹƣ
Ҷǳгµһ𰸡
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Ϊ뿪磬ӦʵĴڣȻҲͲѹΪˡ
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ң˻ڰУʤ
ԣҶǳԸʱЩսҵɱҲϣѾ뿪硣
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˶֪˼צעǿԳΪսģʳΪսôս½˵һ޴в
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ͻȻϣܹһΪս񣡡̾
ҡͷȻӱʵΪǿʱȲʲôҪս񾳽磬Ҫѵʱܶ࣬㹻ʵΪˡ
ô˵һΪսļʻǺܴġ˵
Ҷǳüͷ壬ɲϣʳΪս񣬷Ҫùˡ
ߣͬսʣҾͲһΪսٲãһС壬ҵĵҩСΪܿͻ׷㡣Ҷǳ漴롣
ʱһҳϳȥϢˡ
ʵϳˣûʣȴһЩѪӦ˳ʱȥɱġ
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һɵ˵ѵǱ˸ץ𣿲ܰʵϳôΣ֪ϳλڣҵʵϳʱѾָˡ
߰ɣ²ٶҲûãȹȥ˵
һ漴ʵϳҲ޴ɽ
Ҷǳޱ飬޾֮ɫϾɱʵģϧһ񣬽ǿһȡ
Ϥľ޴ɽӳҶǳۼ˲ˣˣսҺ󹫻ǿߡ
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ҲУԱߣһȺӡ
Ҷǳп˲ˣ׼ҵӣҵӣҲлҵӣ׼ҵӡ
ԼһҶǳǳĻӻ١
ҶǳΪƶǰ磬뿪ʱȴλ׷ϣоӼʱϵλˡ
ŰɣǻһսҶǳŻ٣
ٷǳӦҶǳĿ⣬漴˹ȿҶǳ϶ʱһĨЦݡ
ӣ֪ɷʲôǰȥѯʵ
ƳԱߵҶǳһۣ漴򺣱˵Ĵ򶷺ۼȷһλǿʼսЩ֣ҴЩۼ֮иܵ˽⣬ԼƵϢҲǿɮһǿ߰ɡĺۼʻˣλǿ߲ûץסʡ


605 
ҶǳԱЩľӲ³Ȼղſôᱥ⡣
ӦòҴȻԾӵı£Ӧûᷢʩչժֵĺۼ
ɮһǿߣԣЩɻ󣺡ɣɮһһ£ϴνʱҲûзֿɮһǿߡߣɮһô֪ʵ׼ȷλãңˣҲһӿԶԻܵģǿߣʹڿɮһҲаɡ
ʱٿˣӣһЦӣҶҵǿӣı£ѵûзִ˵ʩչժֵĺۼǲǣ˾ҶҵˣĻΪʲôҪһ㣿
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Щ˵˼һӾǼɵˣٶһʣҶҪɨս½
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˵ĲԲʳɳлҵлһȻͺĻҪ֪ϴοǲɱ˺Ҷǳªα
ݺ飬ǻȿ˵ʲôɣΪʲôôി壬ǳһͷצƬ˵˭ں˶ꣿ޺ͷʲôϵһλսҵ˵
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ȻȷѾ뿪磬Ҳ뿪˵أ׷ɽѰܲҵƬ磬ЩϢ
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ҶǳҲںѰţϴΪСˣߵĲãû˼鿴ɽ
ңʱ򵥵ɨһߣûзɽ֮ʲôҲûˡ
ڳ̫ˣӺʥӣԼһЩϱǿߣǵ۹Ǻε
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ףӵƬƺڳǶҪڲͬѵǷʵ
ʲôڲͬһǸơ
ܲͷʰɡ
Ӧһͷǿ

Щ˷ǣҶǳľ
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бôҶǳͺˣϾһˡ
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ллһѾȲˣڵõ˵ָ֮һһ㼤˺ʯ飬¶һ׵ĺڰѨ
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лһָ罣ڰѨʯ鶼г̽ͷźڰѨȥһɼȶĵĳζѬᶼæˣһŻ
ҶǳҲŵ˳ζæʩչս廤壬лһǱӣǳʱ˵ֻЦˡ
лһݺݵҶǳһۣ漴ͷһŻ
óﲻȺĵطɣű˵ս壬涼ЩģʵǸղŵĳζ̫Ũˡ
лһ͸˵ˣԱ߸ŻأһӶ¶ͬĿ⡣
ȥ֪ˣӵ˵ڰѨĿɿڴ
ƺǺţһλӣ治ɫؽˡӡ֮С
˾ӵĴͷ֮ȻоģҲŽ档
ϾʲôΪζʹˣǾͿˡ


606 ǧʬ
ڡڰѨص㡣
˳ſսȥȻٶȲ죬˼ʱû䵽ײɼѨжô
ţζȻҶǳüͷһ壬սһ϶ȻоΧĳζЩ仯
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ף
ΧһЩҲһ㣬׷¶֮ɫ
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ߣӻһų̫ڰѨ
һ˲䣬˶鲻ԽصһһǰĿֲˡ
һЩϱǿߣ治ɫľӣ¶֮ɫ
ΪڰѨĵײȻѻʬ壬ȫʬ塣ЩʬѾõֻʣ¹ͷˣеȴһЩ⣬ɺѪҺ涼ȾˣҺķڣȻΪѪҺ̫ˡ
﾿жʬ壬ûܹ֪ǽƾ۹ۿʬٳǧΪڰѨ̫ˣЩʬѻĺܸߡ
˭ɵģ
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ȥǧˣôһ㶯ûУǸսҵʷ϶ûм飬⵽ʲôʱģ

ȺУЩ֮ʿʱŭ
ҶǳҲܷŭǧ˰ս½ϣһǳһ˾һǳˡǧˣǾ൱ʮǳذֶ̣֮Ҳֻ棬Ϊʱʶ
ʬĸúۼԼмǧˡӳ˵ɫޱĿһɱ
ȻҲĻָŭˡ
ǧˣսҲʧˣֿҲˡ̾Ҫ𣬶Ҳˡ
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ȥ鿴һЩõʬ壬飬ܲϳЩݣҲɴ˲鵽һЩʲô
ȥǧˣֶˣ鵽ʲôãǰ׷һ򣡡ߵ
ڳˣҲֻһֱ治ɫΪС;̵ĥ¶ɳģԼֵܵⶼԵ£οǰЩõʬ塣
˲ûǿʼһЩʬ塣
ҶǳҲڹۿһЩʬ壬һЩûиȫʬϣһЩ鲽¿飬ҲԿһЩ
ͬʱҲѰһЩбܴܲҵһЩϢ
٣СӣּˡʱٷɵҶǳԱߣһɭЦݡ
Ҷǳؿоӣкˣ١
ǰ㻹սڶﵽսʾ磬Ȼûа׼뺣ңҪ׷ң»ҪꡣٿҶǳΪЩȣ漴Ц
ս֮ǰֻҪеҩΪĺܿ졣
ǵս֮ٶȾ࣬ǵս֮ÿһΣҪ̫Ӵˣʱʮ궼δؿһΡ
ԣٷҶǳΪսʾ磬Ҳû˿ɵ
Ҳһ꣬Ҿܹ㡣ҶǳǰĻ٣Ŀᶨҳš
һսԼûǡ
ͻȻЦ˲˵ע⣬Ҷǳһһꣿ˵㲻ֻһ̤ս𾳽磬㵽ʱ̤ս𾳽磬Ҳͽ˸ߵľˡ
ĵԳЦҶǳΪҶǳڽҲڽ
ϴǾս۷壬һսˣǽ
ΪսҵӣӵеԴ̫ˣܻҶǳ
ҶǳҲ֪һ㣬ɺģΪһλʦʦΪʦôƾƳ񼶵ĵҩʱ׷ɱҲǲܡ
ϾսҵӣҲܰʥ񼶵ĵҩԡ
ҶǳԣԼʦֻҪ㹻ϣԼҩ
Ȼһʱ䳬Խ٣
̫ЦˣҳϽ츳ͻٵĲ̫ˡ
һսӵУٶǶһУοڽҲڽǲ׷ϻٵġ
ڵˣһе츳ͿĲˡԣҲѹֵ꽣ֻΪӡ

ΧһЩĻ
Ҫͽ٣뺣ҵжԣҶǳжԡ
мظҶǳһһ꣬ڳӶ֤һһ㹫ƽһսۡ
˵ĸ֣ɱȻ
Ҷǳ˲˻ٵĿģҪڱǩԼʱɱҲֹˡ
Ͼڳô򣬾Ҳҵôӡ


607 
һ꣬׼ʱԼҶǳ俴Ż˵
ΧˣˣͿ̤ŽҲֻսҵӲΪĶ֣ע
Ҷǳޱ飬ĿᶨΪӣΧЩĻҲʧˣϾ˶⣬ٳҲֻСһߴߴͽЦ
һҶǳܸ˻٣ôҶǳĽ˵ĳЦ뼥
Ǻǣ
Ц뿪ѾﵽԼĿˡ
ʱ򣬾ɱҶǳҲ޻˵
ʼգҲֻǼɵӶѡ
Ҷǳûн
ǻҵӣľսҵĶ֣ǾӣҶǳһҵĿ䡣

ش֣
Ȼһڳ˵ע
Զһսҵӵܾеһ⼣߰ߵƣ𾪵˵ʥӵƣǧǸͻȻʧң
ʲôң
ôܣ
ѵǧʬұ𣿡

˵ضʱһƬȻ
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ֻҶǳͷˮҵ磬ѯʵʲô壿Ϊʲôô𾪣
ǣǧǰһΪսһԱңȻһҹ֮ʧǵ綼ʧˣս½ڡ
ҲǵѡأҶǳɻ
ҡҡͷǧ갡ѵû뵽ʲô𣿡
ǧǰҶǳȻɫһ䣬𾪵ս񣡡
ս½һλս񣬱ǧǰĴս񣬴˺ǧһûٳһλս
ѵսйأҶǳʵ
˵ͷһ֪飬ڴսСʱ򣬽ʶҵϼߵһ𡣲ʱҸ߲㿴ս񣬾츳̫ʵ̫䲻ӡ֪һɾ±Ӳزɢˡ
Ҷǳǵһε֪սľɵ˵ѲҵʧΪսı𣿡
ܣҡͷΪȴսΪս֮ͽս񣬲ϼսʱ򣬴սɰϼǴӦˣһս½ĿĻ䡣
Ȼڴǰһ죬ҾͻȻʧˣʱ򣬺˹ʱкܶսҵļǰأʧϢ˶սŭ뿪˺Ҳû˿սˡ
Ҷǳһ𾪡
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ڴսĻʱңҶ˵ˣҲ̫Ե˰ɣúʹսжޣ
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ҶǳɻǣսôһȥѵλҲκβ
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ֻû뵽˵ʬ徹Ȼ治֪ǵʲôˣǴսĳ˸ɵġ翴صʬ壬ɵ˵
üûô򵥣սңҲһҪһҹ֮ңûôս֣ĴǿսҲ
Ҳһλս񣡡ӴӲԶ˹˵
Ҷǳ𾪵˵һֻܵһλսѵʱһλս񣿡
һֻܵһλս񣬵ǰЩսأ۾΢΢ս½ôսʧˣȥĳطٿԿ϶ЩսûΪսҶûеõԼսѶ
˵ͷЩսûǹϵģֻû֪ȥЩսԼ˶û˵·һҹ֮ƾʧ
Һ֣ΪʲôҪҵʬѻȻЩķ֮أʲôϵʵ
עû˻شڳ˶һͷˮû֪𰸡
Ҷǳصʬ壬Ŀ˸оһܵһǣǣսʧܡ
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ʮܶһս½ࡣ
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׼ҵӵͷ˰ɣ͵УҲϣԼʬôط︯á
齻ɡٴЦһ漴ųȵ̫𣬱鲼ڰѨ
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608 Ѫɫֻ
޴ļ̳Ѫʪ̫֮ɢĹ⻪
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˾
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ֻץʵģȴзǧǰʧңԼԼһһǡ
ڿʯףڳ˶ˣһᱻţԲ˱ô򵥡
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˲ԼͬؿȺеһЩߣǶսҵĳϣһǻ˼ս𣬲ʵǿͬʱҲʶ㡣
Щ߶ü˼ȴûһܹʯ׵Ĳϡ
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䣡
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ֻʯѵһλǰλսҵĳϻû˵̳꣬źڰѨϿߡ
ӽһЩսҵĳҲкԼҵ˸Ͻ뿪˵ء
˿龰Ȼ׷ʲôǸڰѨϿա
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λҳһϳ壬һɫصֻʯǴ˵еһʯͷ˵磬ǻ硣ս񼶱ǿɷ죬һȻΪ⡣Ψֻʯʯףս񼶱ǿߣӶסɷҲдԣֻʯ֮Чʯף˯ǧ꣬
ô˵ʯ׻ΪʲôҪӣЩԺˡ
λҳϵһۣ˵ҲҪȥܡʯ˭һȻһλսõģټȥ»ʲôΣա

ڴʱ洫һҽ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ɵ濴ȥ
ʱѾȥܾãѾǿʯˣֻܹһƬڰ
ȻƬڰ֮Уϵ˲ҽо̶һϢʧ
ˣǴŭʯ׵ˣǴλսµĺ֡ҳɫһ䣬ȻкǼӿٶȥ
ŨҵѪϢҶǳüͷһ壬˵
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ѪöѪ
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漴˵ɫһ䡣
ΪڰѨһѪӿļûˣЩûѪ֮УϵؾҽУ漴۾
ܣ˴ΪһλǿսʾȻֻ˼ӾˣѪ̫ˡ
ѪӿٶȺܿ죬һھˮһϵֱð
ܶٶȲˣѪǣȻûǴ̱ǵѪҺС
ݣ
ҶǳƴˣһʵȫرԼٶȣϼٷС
ֹһƴ˶ƴ
ΪһλսҵĳҪԼҵһλʥӣոѪ˾ͱһѪ֮УҲ岻ˡ
һĻڳ˶ˣҪ֪ǿһλǿϱսģʵڳһЩӶҪ

˾ʧ룬һƴϼٷС
ˣв˱ӿѪ׷ϣڲϵӡ
ȻһĨҶǳǰʱϲ
ǳڣ
ŵˣʱͷϷĳڣһʱ¶ϲɫ
úһǿӰ˳ȥһֱ޴ɽ
ҶǳɨΧһۣаԭǽȥˣӳȴֻǧˣ֪ڸղŵĺڰ֮Ужˡ

ʱ˿ɽ֮ѪϵðЩѪҺӿҽһž޴ɽϵգۼ㸲ɽ
߰ɣƬԺܽˡ
սҵĳ˵Ȼڵķ
˿ɽеѪҺðͣܿûһƬŵҲϽˡ


ʮ ս


609 С
ϣһǿӰһ¡
ҶǳҲУԱߵĺһı֮ɫΪһκʧ˼ʮλʥӣȴֻǵõ˼ͷͨĴ塣
սң󹫻ᶼʧء
ڰѨ֮еѪҺð̫ˣʵһģӲͱûѪҺ֮С
ôѪҺ̫ˣսж޷һ£սս˵
˵ƺǴǿʯðġ
ֲ̫ˣǿʯ϶һλ˲õ
ĳλսҲ˵

ڳһ̸ۣһ߸Խ뿪
ҶǳҲźҵ˻ص˺ǡ
úҶǳӺ뿪ص޺ëء
ϡ
Ҷǳëڽ̵ССɺСһſŹۿ
һﲻǺצ𣿾Ȼ̵С
ҶǳһĻʱȤ˹ȥ
ëƳһҶǳûᣬ̵С塣
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޶дм䣬Ҷǳ֪С϶צһ
СӶʲôëָС˵ͷ˴ԴҪ׻ָȫʢʱڣǰͷץѪҺС塣ǣץõ𣿱үֿտյػ֪һǰȥһˡ
ҶǳһЦѾ뿪ˣһζǰȥˣ統зһܡ
ʲôܣ˵ô𣿡ëƲԲš
Ҷǳҡͷ㻹ȸңΪʲôͻȻ̵СǲһĹ
ȻΪ˰СָצһǿѪ츳ëȻ˱ү𣿱ү޷ɹ٣ֻҪСүһһΣһٻָצѪ츳ˣѧˡצһĹʩչ˵е飬ޱȾס
ŶһڴСʲôʱΣ𣿡Ҷǳʱ۾һѯʵ
ë˵ԺܸߣܿͿˣбүΣյġΨһȱ㣬֮ҪͷһΪʧˣļҲʧֱԺŻָ
ͷ𣿡ҶǳЦûʲôϵλʦʦڣҲܿģϾ׷ǡ
ȻϾצȻܿ졣Ͼͱүͬү䣬Ѫ츳ˣȻͻָǰΪˡ
ë˵գҶǳ漴ʵ˵˵ɣС緢ʲôܣ
Ҷǳԣ㽫ڰѨ֮зֵѪɫ̳ʯ׸ë
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ٺ٣ȻʯĴڣѪҺѪҺǾɷʵʻˣԿѪҺʵϾ޾ɷëЦүҿ϶ʯһλսҲֻǵȴڣŻôŨɷҿܵÿ죬Ȼ¶Ҫ
Ҷǳһ𾪣սڵ޵У˭ɱһλս񣿻˵սֻܻһǧꣿһǧԪ
СӣܶأЩʱ޹أ㻹ǺúŬɡëƲƲ죬ҶǳСҪΪսǰ滹һӣֶһʣû׼СԺҲᳬԽ㡣һֻܳһλսСҪӿٶˡ
ңžʰҶǳЦ
ˣҶǳǹԹȥչˡ
һ֮УҶǳӦԼڵ
ս۷壬սҲԶˡ
ΪսҵЩʥӵУҲֻζѣҪŬ
ҶǳĽѾﵽ˵ؽ۷徳磬콣Ҳֻһ֮ңˡ
ҪǣҶǳ򽣾˵㣬Բٿһѱˡ
ҶǳѾϢëˣʱëҲΪƼƷ
ƷҪĲ̫ˣë˼£ҲƳǧ⻹ΪҶǳɱ˲лҡ׼ҵʥӣǵĿռָõ˲ٲϣȻ޷Ƴô༫Ʒ
ˣҶǳڻǧƷ޷һƷ򽣾ﲻǿľ硣


610 
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ʱҶǳڳԺڵĵƽ֮ţսĳƽ֮ڲϵ𶯣ûб俪Щй
ҵʵǲµôﵽսʾ磬ܽƽ֮Ÿ俪Ҷǳ뵽
ȫ֮£ƽ֮Ŷ˿ɼս̫ˣԺ俪ƽ֮š
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ҶǳԴ˺֣أ׼һЩ˵ҩһëС廤
Ȼë˵ĺɣҶǳôôȫϾһΰҪôףëһֱȥ㲻ܳΪս񣬶һֱȥж̬
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Сӣɵ㣬ҪţëƺҶǳĵģЦ˵ǲҲһҪһЩˣҲܳΡ
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ң㿪ʲôЦҶǳ۾˵һͷצ˵Ҳûз˲
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Ǿͺ׽õ𣿡Ҷǳһɵؿëܾһﲻӡ
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Ҷǳüͷ漴ĿռָʯȫóСڵöռָ棬ʱʹг
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ëǾ͵һ޴Сա޾СҪܴﵽҪ󡣡
⺣ȷѰѾЩսң󹫻ƿšҶǳɵüͷ


611 Ⱥ
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Ψк⻹һЩͬˣϾսҺ󹫻˾ںѰҵĶǰռˡ
ҶǳȥǴϢûϢ
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ãҶǳ˵ͷ漴Сǰ뿪ǰǡ
ںʱ򣬺Ѿ֪ҶǳСɵĴڣԴĿ
ë̫ˣҪҶǳߣô˶ϳˡ

ǡ
Ҷǳĵ˺䶯ϾһͷʮķȻޱȵۡ
ҶǳԼҲܴΪ֮Уһλ̤˽˺ҵӺʥӺ磬ѾˣΪµĵĽʡ
ΪҶǳΪЩսҵʥӲ࣬ô츳ܹ¥ʥʰǰʮ⡣
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ЦЦ漴ɻؿҶǳ֣ʵʱӦÿץɣϾɱˣôһͷûץס
Ҷǳ̾ҵʱ֪շЩײе壬֮£ֻýǶˣȻֱտˡˣﻹһЩ⣬Ҫ𣿡
ֱǿǴ尡ͨ壬̤߽ޣֻҪһλǿĻ鰡
Ȼз̰̲סҶǳ⣬һߺȾƳ⣬һ졣
֪ܹҵ𣿡ҶǳӺϢϾǺ츳ߵʥӣδӣԿ϶Ϣͨ
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ʲôطҶǳ¶ɻ֮ɫںҲСˣݺǳ޺ȴǻû˵Ӹĵͼ涼ûмء
漴˵㴩Խ޺ǰа꣬ӦþͿԵִˡ˵Ǵ󺣵ļޣΪƬÿʱÿ̶׵Ƭ򶼱׵縲ǣսжΣգ˸̤ҲΪˣƬ򱻿ޣп϶̺һЩ
ԭﰡҶǳȻ򣬾ӸĵͼҲֻ޺ѣǰûˡ
ʵǳ޺ѾǳӴˣϾսǿ߷жҪи·Ҫ£ɼжô
֣̫ΣˣҲȥҲҪﵽսʺٿȥҲֻǺǿʥǲŸȥðա˵
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֣ˣǼģϢ֪ͨ㡣Ա֮󣬶ҶǳЦߣȥطȥμսʥǵľۻᣬ˵Щջ񡣡
ŶҶǳЩ档
ͷ׼ա
ҶǳҲСա
սҶõһЩ壬ǱһЩǱǿʥǣ龪ԼңԼҶЩܸȤһЩʥǣǰԼҵԳȥμȺ硣Ц˵
ԼңҶǳһĪĴǿսеԼң
ս½ĴǿսңֱҶҡ׼ҡԼҺҡ
Ҷҳսоӣͷʢϵǵһսҡ
׼ǵһҡ
Լ˵ʿ壬ǺͻһסһÿʥӡӶлշһͷųʿ
ҵںնɱһͷʮǿ꣬ף޵СͬʱڻնУ޵Уǿսҡ
ҶǳЩսҲ˲ٽˣ֪һЩ


612 С
ǳԳǡ
ԳǸ֣ΪиսҵʥӲʱڵͷ֪˻Ϊء
Ȼͷ٣󲿷ֶǻѪ塣
ԼԼвٻ
ⳡȷ𺳣ӴһЩа裬˻ǡ
ҶǳԳǵʱ򣬶һĿɿڴ㵵⻹Ⱥ簡
ҶǳԼСɽǲ̫Ŀˣǽ֪Լˡ
ΪΧսʥӣǻѪ壬ʲôĶУָҶǳۻҡ
ҶǳĻѪ嶼ЩսǸץˡ
ȷְҲԼ׼Ц
˲˵Ŀ⣬ΪΧϳµһͷ壬һ׼
Ҫֻ֪ʮͷץҲʮͷսӵõԣܹӵһͷ׼Ѿ˲ˡ
Ǻҵĺ磡
ҵǿʥˣֻк츳ǿ˵Ѿ̤˰˽򣬾Ǻδӣѹֻһͷ׼
׼̤߽ޣĽҪһͷ׼ͺˡ
ˣ׼Ҳ࣬ͼʮͷǸսصʥӣǲܵõġ

ΧһĽ֮ɫ۷׷ס
ҶǳˣΪѪȼ̫ˣȻСʮˣǲܲǿ츳
οڱ˿ٽܹ츳
磬͵ˣϲˣһͷ׼ĽѰһһͷĸߴ࣬һ˳׳ǹʲַâԾɢ
ƫͷҶǳԼҵʥ޵УսʣͬʱҲһλ̤˽ľţܿһԼӡ
˵գӭȥЦŶ޵˵û뵽޵ӭǺҡ
ˣĳܲӭӣˣλӦþǽʴ˽԰ɣ޵ЦЦ漴Ҷǳȭ
ҶǳҲȭЦ޵֣
ĳŽʦʷ緶һȻ鴫޵пҶǳ޵
ҶǳæǫҡͷʦһԶ
Ǻǣҿ˵֮лɱһͷ츳²Ƚʵ١޵Ц˵ҶǳĿ֮Уйս⣬Ȼһս֮ˡ
Ҷǳǫҡͷ
ߣ
Զʥž·ǿҶǳһɫ
лҵʥӡ
ҶǳǶϳˡ
ȿȣǽȥ˵޵плҵʥӣɵЩΣϾҶǳɱͷлӵġ
ȻΪǿսҵʥӣ޵ҲǼлʥӣԴҶǳͺǡ
һ޴Ĺ㳡ʱдսҵʥǣһӣذڷţԶһЩͤŸ
һŮȺ֮Уһ辫ʳһơ
ΪҵһӣʶˣҪȥк
ҶǳԹ˵εţ˳ЩʳЩˮ
ףƲ
ҶǳоԼҵľˮʱ۾һͶ˼Žռָ棬ԺëҲ
ʱһöЦԱߴ
ҶǳתͷȥһɫȹС򣬳һӣɰһС
ЦʲôҶǳۼ˼ƣɫ䣬ؿǰȹС
СָҶǳЩƤЦȻЦɵһǵһο˲μ͵ƺȣսҵʥϲƣֱӸԼ򰡣ֻѲ˶ʯõ͵͵þҪǱ˿ˣЦġ
Ҷǳһ죬ɵõǰСһۣŭ˭͵ˣƷȵģֻüȥĵطȰˡ
Уϣ˵㵽ļҵʥӣôҪСָҶǳ
Ҷǳ˰֣СѾͷǲǽǺˣϽؼȥû㡣
˵꣬ҶǳЩ뿪ˡ
ȹСȴҶǳ棬˵㵽ļҵʥӣң
Ͳ㣡ҶǳСɾͼӿٶȡ
ߣΪû𣿡СҶǳıӰʱԲԲĴ۾С
𣡡һͷצʱ˹С׷ɱҶǳ
ҶǳתͷһͷצһɫǣɵþȵȻһͷ
ߣС䣬Ա峤ǴһͷСӸұԶأȻֻһͷ϶ڼ岻ӰɡȹСؿҶǳ˵
ҶǳɫһڣôСѾͷôء
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˵ָ꣬ԱߵȹС򣬵мǼҵʥӣͬʱҲһλ̤˽šˣͷǼǿʥӼѩģɲġ
ߣѩ㲻мҪѾС͸ˣɣᣡȹС˼һۣԼצ뿪ˡ
ҶǳСıӰȵѾͷȻ̤˽ţ֣Ǽǲʢ˥ôŮʥʥӶѹˡ
ȿȣһЦβѡ
ɲǼǿʥǼѩ滹һ˪һļŮˡ
뵽Ҷǳˣ˵֣Ǽҵ˻ȭӦʺ˵ĹŶԣôһȺŮ˸Խˣ
̸֣ܲܲ⡣ʵˣоˣЩԹؿҶǳ
Ҷǳʼ磬漴˵ðɣ̸ˣΪɡ
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Ҳ֪ҶǳΪǿҲõһЩ飬˹ͬ˵Լĵã˴˽飬вջ
˵ҶǳӼ˽⵽˻ȭͱĹͬĹսΪ˻ȭսһԼ˵Żձǿ
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ԭˣҶǳʱȻ򣬿Щ˶ҲϣԼܹ˵ԽߵĲΡ
һʱ䣬ս½Ҫʢжˡ
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ĻһҧгݣõԲ˴۾
ǺǣҶǳЦĺܿģЩֻ
һ۾ͿҶǳʱҶǳֻɵָŭ͵ЦʲôЦбҵСһս
ȫҲ͵Ҷǳз̰ɫʱˣԱߵļֱӴСɵı˹㳡ϡ
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Ҫ㶷˵ҲǱڵ֪Ҷǳǽʴ˽֮󣬱֪ҶǳǣȻɵԼҶǳ
ҶǳЦһǵͼķҵĵͼܹ𣿡
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ҿԺ㶷𣿡ڴʱһλлҵʥ˳߻һͷͨĴ塣
˶Ҷǳһ⣬ͷ򵥣ʮ㣬Ȼһ㡣ͷͨĴ壬ɸҶۡ
Ҷǳλлʥӣ֮лɱлҵȻѾлҽԹˣΪкҿݣлҲ׷ɱˡ
ԷȻҪɱСɣԲŶ۵Լ


614 
˭Ҷǳǰлʥӣߵ˵ͶҶûӰõ𣿡
лֿлҵʥӡһЦضҶǳôýʴûУѹֽʵûΪ״ӡ
ǺǣûôһۣɸңҶǳмؿǰлֿЦ
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ȻлֿͫһȻҶǳܼɵ漴ߵȺ磬ֻǲң͵û˵
߰ɣʴ̫ûˡԱлʥ˵һͳЦ
ҶǳǣԵļûһô
һԵС˷ܹܵлֿ˵Ҹ㶷С㶷
𣡡ԱߵצŵͺһŵлֿͨæˣѪȼѹƵ̫ˡ
лֿʱɫڣɿһڨڨؿż˵С㣬䣬ͷ̫ˡ
Уû˼ǶȤҲһ˸ұС㶷𣿡ʱһŭ
ҶǳҡҡͷⲻǿЦһͷ˭Ҹ㶷ЩûвμȺ磬Ҳûڶͷڴˡ
лֿԼҶǳûãʱüͷתͷͼлʥӵ˼䣬һؿҶǳ˵磬Ȼ㲻Ըװ׸ҶǴģΣ
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ʵ𵤣ҶǳǵһҩԲ˽ҩҩЧѯԵļɡ
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ҶǳգԼĿռָѰƬ̣׼ԼĶעϾ˼ҳ˻ʵ𵤣óĶҲ̫ܲ࣬ͻʵ൱С
Ҷǳɱ˲лҡ׼ҵʥӣõһЩĶЩó
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ǵĶܴѾ˲սҵʥӹΧۡ
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ԴϣһɫǣȻһͷԴ
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˵ĲлʵڲҪʹŻʵ뿪ɡʱҲ˹վҶǳԱߡ
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Сƨƨߵ߹һͷצʬҶǳֱӽսռָ档
ס֣ǵĶעͷʬ塣лҵʥŭҶǳ
ҶǳмҵսƷѵлɱޣ᲻ջʬ𣿵ȻлսңںһЩսƷֻһɢޣûлô
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616 
ϲ쿪ʤͷǲͬ찡üλлʥ뿪Լʥ޵һЦݵ˹
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц޵ֹˣСֻǿʤѡ
֣ԼҶղͷʬȤ֪ɷǣģǵļ۸Ի⡣޵ЦЦֱӿżɽ˵
ҶǳйâһԼͻȻٰȺ磬ƺЩĿģΪĿ¾Щע⡣
ҶǳûʲôϵһͷʬύԼңˣҲں
ʵϣСɡëСޣһͷҲں
ĻҶǳʵȫ֮շһͷ
Ǻǣ޵֣֪ԼԸʲô۸չֻҪܹΪĶĶûáҶǳ漴Ц
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Ҷǳ֪ڲǺڵʱóʬ壬ǿѪܵԴҲóˡ
Դչ𣿡ҶǳȲ޵С
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Ҷǳ֮漴ڴɨڳˣйâ˸˵˵ۣԸ⶷ϵҡͷֻͼķڻѪ嵱жǵͼģӮûܴ󡣡
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ֲǱۿСɻһͷצﻹСɵɵͼĻѪ
Ҳûϵġ
ⲻԱߵСʹԼצܹһ˷ܵصҶǳ˵С㶷ۡ
ҶǳЩ۲ؿһƨצʬ壬ҲټֵٿŻʵ𵤣ܹ嵽߼սʾˡ
Ҷǳô˼ĻǾͳ׵ＧˡΪһͷһսңǸԼϵսңҶǳòֵá
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ſң쵰Ҫȥѩ㣬˵۸ң϶ƨɵġһ·ϴżɡ
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ҶǳЦЦ漴ɨΧսʥǣߺȵѵû˸ҸҶͷֻǵͼѪղҲǽӮġ
׼Բμ𣿡ȺкȻһ
Ҷǳ۾һУдϲ׼Ȼ϶ֵٻʵ𵤣ȲغȻԡ
һ̣׼ҵǿʥ׻һͷ׼Ⱥ֮󣬻żλлҵʥӣղŵлֿҲС
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617 ˭˭
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ҶǳɫؿǰһˣǿлǼλʥֻЦݣʱ֪Լϵˡ
ղ⼸лʥ뿪ǴҴȥѰˡ
Ҷǳû뵽ǣ׼ҵǿʥ׻Ȼڴ˵أΪⳡȺֻһЩͨʥӲء
ô
׻һЦ׼˹ղӦģڲ𣿵ȻλʴʵڲҪˣǾ͹ɡ
Ҷǳ֮ǰлǼλʥӵĻڱ׻𷴹ЦҶǳ
ԱߵļλлʥҲ壬׷׼磬ǺҵĿ䣬˶ǺҵӣҪڷ𣿡
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׻ΪҶǳˣشЦֻҪԸ⶷У㲻ҪʵУҵĶעʮŻʵ𵤡ĶעǺǣҿҲעҾʹ˴˰ɣֻ䲻Ӯ
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׻һʤȯյӣŵ˵׼еǵҩƽιڳʵ𵤵ģҪ˶ãΪͻ׷ˡ
ݳް
û취˭˼ǵһ壬еǵҩ
׼ҵʥձΪԽǣΪǵҩ࣬ٶȵȻǿ졣
׼Ҳûʸ񱻳Ϊǿսҡ

Χ۷׷ף׼ҵʥĽѡ
漴ܶͬؿҶǳǾҶǳ䶨ˣϾһͷͬǲܻһͷ׼ģ˫Ѫ̫ˡ
ͺñһˣսҵʥ֮Ĳࡣ
ȴˣҶǳЩˣԻսҵʥӡӡ
οսҲһ˿ġ
֣ɣ
˹˵
õͷһΣСɲϾǹƽս
ǰ֣ɡɲ֪ʲôʱˣһģмԼ˪
磡˪Ҷǳк漴׻ߵһͷ׼۸һͷѪ壬ô׼𣿡
ָҵСһսһԽеվҶǳߣֻվڼ˪ߡ
׻΢΢üͷû뵽ҶǳҵĹϵôãվǿսҵǿʥӣҲ弧ҡ
£׻ż˪˵ԼҪģȻڷڣü
˪ʱҶǳ
ҶǳĬƬ̣ȻʲҲϣСΣա
ǣҶǳ׼䣬˶һΰɣסСɵˡ
𣡡
ڴʱСȴǳǰצһЯһһǰƣǹɳս⣬ڳ˸е𺳡
Ҫս
Сɴһɾ񲨶
ޱȳңͬлȼա
һɲ
Ҷǳ˲СɵľģŶ׻ҧ׼Σ³һҪ
Ǻǣ׻һЦΪԼĴڻܡ
ϧˣ
Χ˼ͷ֪һս޷⣬ʱҡͷ̾Ϣ
ϾܹʮķҲУս½Ҳֻһֻˡ
硢˪˼ˣҲֻһԹս
ͣ
ҶǳĬ۾ųмսСɡ
֪һսС˵һ֮սСܹͻƣѴӮ
Ѿ׼ڹؼʱ̳־СˣϾؿС䡣
𣡡
Сɺ׻׼ڼҲɱͷŭţצϵػ˺βҲԷſѪڱ˺ҧ
սǷǳײУǺٹ˼ɷôɱ֣սǳңܿͼѪˡ
ܿСɾʹ·磬ԽԽࡣ۶צȴҪúܶ࣬ǿСɣǿ
ͷˡ
վֻǷȻЩͬ죬ʮ㣬ѪǱѹˡ
ϻǿ׼ͨĴ壬ޡ

սš
Ҷǳɫ˫ȭյýġ
Ǻǣڣ˺Ƭ׻Цһĵ⡣
ԱߵļлʥҲֻЦ
𣡡
ڴʱСŭţצҧвӣѪֱҽвϡ
СɣҶǳʱĴ
ǹƽսòҪ֣Ҳ׻Ҷǳһ֮ɫ
ŭ׼۸һͷѪҲйƽ
Լѡ񣬺ߣ׻ߵ
Ȼʱٶȷ䡣
ֻСɻõĽɫâıȻ۳һɫצӰſµܣצײɡ
ʲô
׻ʱɫ䡣
ΧսҲ¶ŵĿ⡣
ս
צĴս
ʲôЦһͷѵצĴս𣿡
ֿԲûУϾ嶼צĺǶпܾצѪ츳õצĴսͺñսӵܶлõսǺսѪ

ҶǳҲϲֻ֪ƨľѪ϶С崫ڸСɵģϾСצӵдսȻڸСɡ


619 ־ǿ
𣡡
СʩչצһĴսյȼ㣬ս޴ޱȣСɵսʱѹס˶צ
צվ׼̤߽ޣһЩսҵʥӶսĿսܣҲǷǳĿֲ
ֻ˵СצһĴսԼצĲ࣬˫ʵƽǺܴսӲҡ
Χ˶Ŀתؿţⳡսþͷս֣Ĳʤ˴˵ƶԽԽء
ڣɱ쿪ʼӱʵҲӱ
׻𿴵Сɿʼ̣ϵŽʧˣȡ֮һĨغͽţʼõҩջצ
˵צһҩӱս͸ˣѹסСɣԵײޱȡ
ν֮±·
еҩ԰ͷܰѵҩˣ˲
˽һп
Ҷǳûеҩǰ֧ŵСɣСɼͣצĺ㲻ǲΣצµĴҲֹһˣɱһֺη
Ǻǣ̫ˣͷ׼ޣͷǱķҪͬޣΰɣ׻Ц
𣡡
ȻеС֮ȴ˾ս⣬һɲļᶨ־и֣ŭƴɱʩչצһĴսһδεغצöԷˣѪɽ
ⲻܣ׻ʱɫˣͫ׽Եòš
һͷͼķȻѹһͷ׼ʵ̫ˡ
ս˶Сɵǿ־ʵˡ
ǿ־ѹͷܹһԱ߹ս޵Уйâ˸Īɫʡ
СͣСҲСɵļǿ־ˣСɼʹ
ǿ־ͷǱһп
˪˵ͷҽ˵޵ѪǿԲϽġͷѪȻƺڽצ
ʲôЦһͷѵܽצɣԶлʥ֮ɫ
˪мɨһۣߵ˶Ϊս񣬵ͼΪʲôͲܽΪצ
ߣֿܣ죬ȷ˳Ҫѡ׻˵ĿųеļսСɱ֮צƽˡ
ͷʵ󣬱˴˶أ˭ܻʤͿ˭ǿˡ
־ϣСռƣԽսԽǿ˼Լƣֻһɾս⣬һǰ̫ǿˡ
෴צЩ⣬ƺЩˡ
ڣϣ£׼ֻһͷͼѡ׻ɫһ䣬æצ
ûãצ־ᶨνһٶ˥צ֮ûгѹסСɣСɿʼ𽥷̣Ͷܴڲϵµ
־ⶫǿǿΪǿģҪһսһѽĥ³ġ
Сɱһͷ츳ķȲЩ壬Ϊ˰СѪҺİУһδεغʹ弤սһδεıԵ־ǰδеļᶨ
ë˵ˣС־ǿޡ
ۣ
צѪ磬СɵĴսһλС
˵úܲңңСɲĻᣬûҧһȣҽ
ס֣
׻ɫ䣬ͺһҪС
޵еǰ䶢˵ȻԼҵĵԼսôҪԼսĹأ˵ҪսԼң
׻ͫһսԲںԼͬǿսңܼɵ
׼Ȼſ񣬵Ҳǰ׳գ֪˭ܹǣ˭ܵ
˼ҡң׼Ҳں
ԼҲһͬһλǿսңһʿ壬˭ɵ
ء
һҽ
СԡѪڻɱצ
ãܺã
׻޵һۣɫȣ漴Ҷǳйâһ˦ֱתȥ
磬ҼסˡƽĻȴв
λлҵʥҲŻȥ
Ҷǳ׻в׼ˣ׻𶪹ʮŻʵ𵤣æóһЩ˵ҩȥСɷá
֣ҵĵҩɣԼʿ壬ͻ򽻵ǵ˵ҩƵģǵЧá޵óһЩ˵ҩݸҶǳ˵
л֣Ҷǳæмصͷ


620 
СɵƺأͲˣǿڻɱצ֮͵ڵϣֻʣ´
޵еĵҩЧܺãҶǳιµҩ֮Сɵɫ˺ܶ࣬ϵѪҺҲֹסˣϢָ
ֻǣСɵƺأҩǲ˲ָģҪһʱ侲С
Ҷǳ״޵пЦ֣ҵ뿪ˡ
ǺǣʱԳס°ɣƺ뿪Ұ㰲һľԺ䡣޵Ц
ҶǳҲСڲ뿪Ա˵ͷǾͷˡ
޵кٺЦСһ׮˵ԼҵĴͻˣͷצԼҳʮŻʵ𵤣𣿡
ȻҶǳЦŵ˵ͷʮŻʵ𵤣ټϴ׻ӮʮţԼ֮ǰõʮŻʵ𵤣ӵнӽٿŻʵˡ
֮Ҷǳʵ𵤣漴˼˪Ǵкս˵Сɸ޵ȥ
޵иҶǳһԺӣﻷܺãҲܰʺСˡ
޵뿪֮ҶǳٶιСɳ¼˵ҩȥһˡ
εõٿŻʵ𵤣ҶǳȻҪʵϾҩ֮ʵҪġ
ονҲ׻ˣ˭֪һ᲻ɱȻҪʵΪ
գҶǳóһŻʵ£ʼսʾ硣
ò˵ʵ𵤵Чܺãʥҩǿˡ
ҶǳţһŻʵ𵤾൱ʮˡ
ҪǣʮҪãЧӲ¶ǻʵһųȥ¶ǿá
˵һŻʵ𵤾Ҷǳͻսʾ磬Ϊ˼ӿٶȣҶǳٶȷŻʵ𵤣Żʵ֮һ˳̤սʾ磬Ϊһмսʡ
ΪͻƣҶǳʵ
ҶǳûֹͣӿռָóһЩʼΪ
֮еõôѪʵצѪҺҶǳ
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ת۱һݡ
һſİ£ҶǳΪﵽս۷塣
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һΣҶǳûмչˣΪĹˡ
ϾΪЧҲÿһΪĵĵҩ̫Ӵˡ
ҶǳñʥҩܰԼΪˡ
ûҲֻսʶѣҪ֪Ǻҵǿʥӣܿһӣλܸߣܵҵص
֪սҵںﵽս֮ҲܰΪˡ
ֻ׼ӵʥҩа񼶵ĵҩܰԼҵʥѸΪ
սʣ
ҵΪȺսҵ˺ܶ࣬ٸҼʱ䣬Ҿа׷ˡ
ҶǳԼڵΪ⡣
ϾһΣٶȺսҵʥӶĽˡ
ңʮŻʵ𵤣ܹΪս۷壬аտЩʵ𵤽սʾ硣
𣡡
һԺȻСɵĵͺ
ҶǳתͷȥСѾˣϾһݣιСɳ˵ҩָЧܺá
ף
ȻҶǳСɵСȻֳ͹Ȼۣܲϸܹóġ
Ҫʮ˰Ҷǳ־ϲСɾȻҪˣʵ̫ˡ
뵽Сƴɱһͷ׼Ҷǳܹˡ
ȻСһ֮սѪԽˣŵٶȽ
𣡡СҲԵúܸˣҶǳʵͬ׼Ҳ֮ǰʤôˡ
ãǳãܹ𡣡Ҷǳ
漴һһ뿪ԺӣǰԳǵĹ㳡ϡ
֪ȺǷѾˣϾȥһʱˡ
һ·ϿҶǳ֪Ⱥ绹ûн
ϾμȺսʥкܶ࣬е˾ԳǺԶǶʱڿԸϵõģȺȻҪӳʱ䡣
쿴ǽ磬ʴˣСߵķǿͬɱһλ׼
һ·ϣˣҶǳָָ㡣
ȻΪǳʶԽԽˡ
в˸شк
֣
һȦҶǳڿ˺ˡ
ںԱߣм˪׼ʥ׾ˡ
ȻμȺԽԽˡ


621 
֣ã̸ءЦ˵
һԵ׾ѾȲǰҶǳԱߵСɣ˶һľ֮̾ɫҲܹ׼ʵ̫ˣϧûῴһʵս
ףͷƺҪˣǱ̬Ҳڹ۲СɣСС͹󣬶ʱ
ҲܹΧۣһ֮̾ɫ
ʮǰδаҪһһ漣п֮ɫ
æҶǳʵ֣ͷôİ
츳ҲһͷͨĴ壬ҪҶǳȡ
ҶǳЦСɵʱͽʮˣⶼǿֵҲ֪ô
ʱһʧ
ЦǺǵӦǿһδսĥ³ģҪҪȥͱдɣҪдһ£
Ц׼۸ͨ𣿡ʱ۵
ЦֵĻһͷأԻ׼ͷôҲǴ壬ôһûа
ãʹ㲻ɣҲǱȤȻͺֻд裬ֲսԲġ
ֻǽܲпᣬܿͱˡ
ϾÿСѪѹƣܸߵȼ塣
㳡ϣսʥڶƺѾΪЩʥǵһȤ
Ҷд裬ֻмвŶ״
ȺԽԽˡ
Ҷǳͺ硢˪ԳһСȦڽ
ЩսҵʥϢ֪ͨһЩıأҶǳһ˽⣬ϣҵһЩԼõıء
һǧǰӴżѾвսҵӽȥˣ׼ҵҲȥˡ˵
ͷҲյϢˣǺҵҲڲǰȥˣ󲿷ӶȥˣżͬСɡ
ϧҵΪ̫ˣΣޱȣǽȥΣҵҪﵽսʲȥ̽ա̾
˪ͷҽȥˡ
һھսʾѾʱˣǿ츳ż֮ջ񣬿¾ͻ̤ս𾳽磬ΪǼҵˡ
һԵҶǳһ˪Ľ㼧ѩʥʰһţսҹϵǿʥӣһ֮µһˣǳţ
˵ҲȥȺǷֵżȻͬСɣҶǳЩ⶯ˡ
ΪսʣȥȺսҵӡǿʥᱦȻЩ̫ǿˣҲ̫ˡ
ûʸȥ̽գ޺һɣˣǿ֪޺ʲôسɿˣѯʵ
ҡͷҲⲻã֪Ϣࡣ
ǺҸողŴгûյصϢҲҡҡͷ
˪һ˵ҴҽõһصϢ
Ŷ
ԣǿ˼˪
ڼ˪Ľ㼧ѩڳļ˶ǳ壬Ծ͸Ȥˡ
ҶǳҲ
˪˵ҽ뿪֮ǰһط޺ĳްأҽһ·ްصʱ򣬸ӦһصϢ
أ
Գֻսǿ߲ԼĻʵΪأĳ̶ֳ˵غһһĿռ䡣ֻзڣݴ½һԿõ̫ǡûзֻһڿռָһĿռ䡣
ҶǳҲë˵أϾëһأĽҪ֪ǿԴŻģشڣȿռָҪΣռҲȿռָ
һֻ޺ڴﵽս𾳽أѵλްһλ޲ɣ˪ʵ
˪ҡͷֻһͷǺʥ޶Ʋϣôޡ
ǺֵͼҲܹΪ޺һλ羪ȵҪΪ޺һӵսʵɡ
ͷǺʵ൱ս𣡡˪˵
ҶǳʲôʵֻҪޣӵءȴӦصϢ˵ƺܰʵӦÿԻͷǺûһ̽𣿡
˪˵ҽ㵱ȻԻͷǺҪɱͷǺʱͷ޵Ķ֮оȻ߳һ࣬ǲ˭ǿ϶벻ġ
˭Щʵ
Բ
˪һһ˵λеĴţѧԺĴԺӶһλ᳤
ôܣѾ˿ʮ𣿡羪㵵
Ҷǳ𾪣ȻԲ촺ڣ꿪ѧԺŵĴ


622 թʬ
ļ굱Уս½ķ֮гҫ۵ţһǰԲһǽˡ
ǶǿͬսӵţԸеĽʣԲҪúܶ࣬ûĳսҽ𣬲ҼӶᡣ
ĳɾҲȽҪߵö࣬վս½۷壬ΪӶһλ᳤øսҶҪ
ݺ˵ԲʮǰˣʱӶỹʢ񣬺ܶﶼܵ
һû˻ỳɣΪԲܶ˶
ңԲȷʵҲˣվսûѡ˯ӳҲܹ꣬Ҫ١
ΪսǰǼˡ
Ȼţթʬ𣿡
˶Եúܾ죬ȥʮ˾ȻţѵȥԲ˶ƭ
ȻܣϾȥԲĶǸĴսҲǲս𼶱ĳȥģЩǺεôܿۡ
Ҫ˵һ˿ۻпܣôĴôȫۡ
ô˵ʲô𣿡翴˪ʵ
ҶǳҲ˪ԲţϢЩϾɱ촺һԲء
ٶϹܹͽţڸжǿս۷ɣ
Բ˵ͷǺѣҽһ˪ʱҽҲһȻҽһǿƣҲҪ˭ԲϹ¸սҵļ˶Ҫɵοҽ㡣
ûΪʲô𣿡Ҷǳ̲סʵ
˪Է˷ۣ⻰ôʣ˼Ϊʲôţôʲ˼𣿡
ȿȣҶǳڨڨһЦ
ЦЦ漴ɻ˵ıֻһթʬѣȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ͱӦûйϵɡ
˪ҡͷҽ뿪֮󣬸оЩַ֣Ǻء֣ǺڵʧˣһۼûСǣǸصϢڣֻǲ֪ҽ㵱ʱյżֵϢԾû̽㽫ϢҺ󣬾ʹҴҸˡ
Ҳ챻Բս֮ȥˡ˵
˪Ӵ󣬼ս۷ǿߵأҲܽսȥ
ɵ㻹Ƕ࣬ҲбأǣԲϹǲǵ峤ְ׾˵
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣ƺ뵽ʲôԲӦòܻŲŶԣӦ˵Բʬ屻ҵˣʱԲܿǡĳǿĿܡ

ɫ
˪۾һֿԺֻܴǵʧ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ƕˣָܿˡ
ø߼ɫص
ǣսҶͬ飬Ͼꡮ̫ˣսҵ˷Ĺˡ
ܹ󵽡аҳʬս
ԣսҶԡǳʹޡ
ǵø߼ҲҪսңǣս½ҪԴ顣˵
˪ȴ˵ȱŸսңҲ̺ĳأûǼҡ׼ҡ̽һΣǡĳֲսҲ١
ͷţǸˣһĳأƽҲܹһ㡣
ҲԴͬ
漴׼뿪Գǣֱ𷵻Լļ塣
Ҷǳͺ뿪ʱ޵ǰС
λȺŸտʼðǲԼдܣ޵ɻ˵
æҡͷ˵ЦˣҪȥһˣ⼸컹ҪлдʲôʱȥǺңһʢ
Ǻǣλһ·ߺá޵е˵ͷ漴ҶǳЦ֣пԳͣǿһô
һҶǳ˵ͷ
漴޵еĿУҶǳͺʧʡ
׼ҡңкңͬһʱ뿪Ƿʲô𣿡޵ϸһ˿ɻ
ҲֻǸеЩֶѣûж룬Ͼ࣬˭֪ʲô鷢
޵лҪȺ磬תȥˡ
֣ҪغһˣǸһȥԳǣ·ϣ翴ԱߵҶǳʵ
ҶǳҳҲдˣǸûȥˣǳʱ򣬵֪ͨҡ
ǺǣİɣٲģʱֱǺôǰǡЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷúĴǾͽʡ˲ʱ䡣


623 ˻鷳
ÿսҶдԼںľݵ㣬ܣֻսӺͳϲʸãǺҪʹãҲҪ񺣳ǳС
ǣԲ͵ǳҲ𶯣ϾͬúҶǳֱǰ硣
ȵִﺣ֮󣬺ȥ溣Ҽˡ
Ҷǳ뿪磬ǰѩǡ
ϾҪ£׼ҡϣҲҪһµʱ䡣
Ҷǳɲһڶںң׼۹ȥ˳㿴ûС
÷ѩǵ¥Ҷǳֱ۹ĵ۶ǣո߳󣬾Ϳ롣
Ϊսˣںʱûа״ܵҶǳɢǿϢʱϲ
ҶǳЦҲ˰
ǰͳˣˣ˵õһͷǿķأһûмء
ҶǳҡͷС̫ĿҾûдˣںǡ
ǿϧˣ´һҪҿʱЩź
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ʵս½ʲô鷢лûѰѧԺʦϢ
ҡͷԴӳлҴǼѧԺʦΪ㣬Ӵս½л˼ʹҲҲο涪Ӧòҹôˡң˵ں׼ңлҺ׼ںѰ㣬ս½Ѿٹעˡ
ǺǣҲãҶǳЦںʹýݣƤжԴҲ뵽ҾҶǳ
ò˵㵱콣̫ˣҲǵģŵлңֵ˸׼ңҶǳݹƺѹسˡ̾
Ҳ£ҵġҶǳʼ磬漴뿪ң¥
һľıҶǳóһЩ⣬дȺ˳ľˮŶЩĿɿڴЦʱˣһУ⣬϶ûгԹ԰ɡ
ҿ̫ˡ漴𾪣ʹãԵĺˬ
ã磬ϧͷצܵˣȻצˡҶǳ̾
뷭Ű˵㻹צ˼սҵ˶ҪշצҪ֪뷨ɱĶС
ͷ̫ײˣ˵ץסץסҲշҶǳҡҡͷΪսҵ˿շʡ
˵צǿްעδҪΪսģҪΪսǵӾͲùˡЩĵ
ҶǳЦи߸Ӷţ׵ʲôѵ˾˵ҵĿҲǳΪս񡣡
ţϣΪսģϣܹͷצ֮ǰΪս񡣡˵ͷҶǳ˵Ϊսֱӱˡ
ϾҶǳ;Ӳ޴ܹ׷ϾӾͲˣôܻᳬԽӶһΪս
ˣԳһ𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵ
⣬˵ʲô飿ʵǿ󣬻пս峤ľǿ˭ɵȥǡʹλ˻ʣЩùˡ
Ŷһ˻ʣ˭ѵĳսӵܣҶǳȵ
ҡͷܻˣսӵܵģѾսӵս½ˡǵѧԺԺλԺųϢ˵޵ܣ׼»һ˻ʡ
ǰлҵľڣ˻ʺǽãܹѹסѧԺԺڣˣлֿ˻ʣȻٰԽ֪
뿴ҶǳЦһ£λ˻ʾҪ̨ˣᱻɱ
ҵЩ˻۹һλ˻ʣǾͻΣˡҶǳ
ͷ⵹Ҳǣóְˡ
ӦõģȻҪҶǳ˵գֱӱ任ҶǳݣȻӵǱʹ
ʹڣ˻׾һĽͷöʱذˤڵϣŭ
鷳ˣҶǳֹûˣʱ¶
ţ㣡׾һΪѧԺԺѾ̲סҪˣҶǳ󣬶ʱϲ
ˣȻҲˡ׾Ц
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦѾ֪ˣҪֱѧԺԺ𣿡
׾ɱǰͿԽлҾؼǣ۹һսʣûս۹ҲŲˡ
ҾͰսʾɡҶǳ漴˵


624 Ϣ
սʣ
׾ԴһЩ˼ؿҶǳǰսսʻΣа취Ϊ𣿡
ս磬Ǻġ
Ҫ֪˻ʣܹۼ۹ԴҲʹս˰սٶ̫ˡ
ЩҩɣҶǳóſʣµľſЧҲûˣ׾ΪӦ㹻ˡ
Ͼ׾츳УȲЧӦúܺá
ңɴѪҺƵЧҶǳǰƵǿˣӦúܴ
⡭׾еĵҩ漴ͫһϲ
Ĵ˵ģֵҩܹе׾ʵ̫ˡ
ֱӷðɣ㻤Ҷǳ˵
׾˵ͷסеļ˷ܣϳһʼҩҩ
Ƭ̺󣬽ȥĿͰ׾Ӱսһսʾ硣
ȻҶǳҲǸŻʵ𵤸ͻƿ
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׾۾ԼǿΪʱ˷ܡ
ԽԼѡҶǳôʵ̫ˣҵȵҶǳԺɾ͸ߣõĺô
׾ᶨվҶǳˡ
Ͼл̫ˣһǲŲںһ˹ȵ˻ʡ
Ҷǳ塣
лˣ׾мؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦչ˺µ۹Щˣ˻֮λͿ԰ȥĻܹΪͬҲܹɱ㡣
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׾˻ʣҶǳֶκ˽⣬ͷģµ۹Щһֱû˴š
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴ת뿪һὫѧԺԺˣʱͿƾԼɱ˳
׾һϲһ鷳ͳ׽ˣԺ۹Ҳû˿вĵλˡ

ѧԺԺףҶǳȻǱѧԺֱָһѧԺԺѪ
Ƭ̣׾Ҳʱ˵棬ѧԺԺ췴λȻ͵ڻɱѧԺԺ
۹һЩҰ֮׾ʵﵽսʾ磬еСžţһߺ˻꣬Ҳ춯ˡ
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̫ˣԶʱ۾һǸˣû˲ϣһģϾȥʵ̫ˡ
ǺǣҶǳЦЦ漴ڿǸץʲôҪ֪лҡ׼вʥӶսҺжԣʱֱɱ˶ˡ
ˣмǰ˵£Ȼ뵽ʲôҶǳǵó𣿡
ҶǳԶʱ뵽˺ʯǵĵ¿ռ䣬üͷѾ޻ڴʦ߿ɮһˣѵûȥʣ
ٺ٣ɮһ˿ɲǱȥ鿴ˣû׼ֱӶֻɱʡЩصЦ
Ҷǳüͷһɵɮһʲôƻ
Ҫó׷鵽ܲڡһֱĸɮںʯǣ͵ųѣȻҵܲλá
ҶǳԾϲǺϢҪܹҵܲλãʱһսңͿԽһ򾡡
ٺ٣ȻǺϢǰ㡣Ц
Ҷǳȷˡλãǵǰ֪ͨңʱҲ빥
ΪëǵģϾëҪѩޣ϶ûᡣ
ңܹвԺԳһҲܹɵ߳ХԨˣҲõвˡ
û⡣˵ͷ
Ҷǳ漴һʵǼһϢ𣿡
Ҷǳ뵽ǸĹߣǵһνӴʱǺһĹֵġ
ԴǰҶǳѾܾûյϢˣҲ֪һȥɹƭˡ


625 ̫ϳ
ǼһﰡҶǳЦ˵ҸҴģ϶²һڸʲô
ŶҶǳ΢΢һЦ̶ƲǼһﻹܸʲôװƭˣҪô˷Ĺʵ벻ʲô顣
ٺ٣˵б¹£Ц𣿡ٺЦ
ҶǳŴͣ㵵ؿ룺㲻ڿЦɣһб¹£¹
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һҶǳ곹ˣÿμһҪһ£θһﶼҪˣµȵ´λһѾΪ˻ˡ
Ҷǳãë֪£»Ц
һôὨл۹ѵ֪лҵĶԹ
Ц˵㻹˽ǼһǼһ׼лҰҪûлҵӪԺлɱʱܰڼ飬һء
Ҷǳ۾һ˵ҿɵ֧һ
˵գҶǳʹóʮŻʵ𵤣ݸ˵ҰЩҩ͸ЩӦ԰սʾ磬ߣʵһ۹
ԺҼʱҪһ˻ˡ˵ͷЩʵ𵤣漴Ц
ҶǳԹЦһƭӵĹΪ˻ʣһҲǴһ漣˵һڴһء
ҾֻΪ˿лңǾú棬˻õġЦҡͷȻ˽ĸԡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷʾϿɡ
ʱҶǳʹ¥Ⱥ紫ϢŸ룬ǰѩǣȻǰҡ

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ڣǽ磬ʵļӡ罫Ҷǳܸλҵ̫ϳϡ
̫ϳϴҶǳƬ̣漴¶֮ɫСӺˡ˵ҲɣϷʦ𽣻Ҳйһ֮ԵǺңϧڹˣܲһԼ
ǰҶǳæ񣬴˶ƺʡСӡİٶˣս½۷ڡ
Ǻǣðǳ뵽Ϸ껹ʥӵʱ򣬰һת۶ȥİٶˣϷⸯҲŲסˡ̫ϳϿҶǳпѡ
ҶǳЦǰӹǣ뻹ٳꡣ
С˵̫ϳЦЦȻ֪ҶǳƨҲеܸˡ
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ҶǳСҲܸˣңһµľޣСɵѾ׺ˣҲ˳ؽʮ
ʮķֱǰδУͷǱǿδ̫ϳϿСҲ𾪣̶̾
ݼ̫ϳϣǳʱҲ˹̫ϳϹ漴˵̫ϳϣҺ׼Ѿ̳ǲҲϳ
Ǿ߰ɣԲսҵʱϷֻһͨʥӡʮȥû뵽ϼһȻթʬˣϷҪǲթʬǵȺа֮ڹŪ顣̫ϳϵ˵
漴һ̤ն𣬳ż˪˵Ƭȥ
ҶǳСɱϣ뺣粢Уʵ֣λ̫ϳʲôεǿ߰
ս۷壡紫츳һ㣬̤򣬵ս۷󣬾Ѿ꣬Բٶ١
ҶǳԵ˵ͷ֪սҲٵʱʱձѪܣе͹ȣԸԶ٣ǿжɽǾ
ֻһţڴﵽս۷֮ʵҲǳĿ£վս½۷塣
ҶǳɲСλ̫ϳϣϾ˼Ѿ˾ս۷壬Ϊ˵Ѿﵽս֮µļޡ
ǿ߶ˣĻԲʬ屻˸ˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ʵҲϣԲĻţϾɱ촺Բ󣬶Էػô㣬ҲҪ
һϹǣҶǳ˵һ޴в
ϣһжǡŪİϷɡ


626 ҩ
޺һƬԵùƽ
һ˵޺ޣƽĺ
ǰƬȴǺƽһ˶ûУҲṳ̂㣬͹ˡ
·пֲĶ޲
ৣ
ʱƬƽ˾ĺϿգһӰԶʷ
׼ҡҺͺҵһˡ
ҶǳҲУɨ׼ҺͼǱһָۣҵڶʮڣֱʮλʥӣλϣһλ̫ϳϡ
ʱҵλ̫ϳ϶ڱ˴˴к
Ϲû뵽㻹ŰһΪأϷĺһҵ̫ϳϿԶ׼ҵ̫ϳЦ
ڹ꣬Ȼڹ꣬ôûҿ뻹Ҫٻ꣬һǧ˰׼ҵ̫ϳϼ
һǧˣô滹ǳȥҵ̫ϳЦ˵
Ǹˣ㲻ҪѳôƤŰ׼ҵ̫ϳЦ
ǰҼǵõǻʥӵʱ˵Ҫͬأû뵽ϼһﻹšҵ̫ϳҲЦ
ҵ̫ϳɫһڣæŭȵƥ򣬶ˣ˵֪Сڳ
Χ硢˪˶գһûӡ
ҶǳЦλǰĬӣǵĹϵȻҲ࿪Ц
ˣȿʲôɣҿɲԲǸϼһͻȻթʬһЦ̸֮󣬼ҵ̫ϳϸƽĺ˵
׼ҵ̫ϳϺͺҵ̫ϳҲ鿴˵Ŀ·͸ƽĺˮǱĺס
ҶǳҲڹ۲죬Ƭĺˮ峺ؿ漸ζ
һӴĵ죬һλ޺ء
Ƿִ˵صǼ˪Ľ㼧ѩڳ˶š
ȷصϢ
ú󣬺ҵ̫ϳ۾˵
ҶǳЦûиܵصϢҲʵλ̫ϳϻúԶ
硢˪ҲûиӦ
ԲϢϢϵóҵ̫ϳҡͷ
˭أǽȥһ𣡡׼ҵ̫ϳߵ
ҵ̫ϳСĵ㣬һ棬棬ЩСҲˡ
ڹ꣬Ȼһֻˣһˣ˽һ㵨ӶûС׼ҵ̫ϳϳЦ
ϹҴ𣿡ҵ̫ϳ϶ʱŭˡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷ죬λǰûǲҪΪ
ˣǺôҲǰǿЦҵ̫ϳҪȺܶ࣬漴˵Ϻ˵ĲҪһ棬ǲںҲȷЩǵİȫŶԡ
ϷҪȥڹȻҽȥǾɡ׼ҵ̫ϳƲ
ҵ̫ϳϲȺҵ̫ϳ˵һ˵ɣҺ׽ȥʺϽսʺԶ
ðɣСĵ㣬ҪҲҪ棬ʬ嶼Ҳҵ̫ϳϵͷ˵
׼ҵ̫ϳڹ꣬Ͳ˵û
ɣҵ̫ϳ
ҵ̫ϳæ׼ҵ̫ϳǱ뺣УʧһƬ̲
Ҷǳ˶ϹۿĶǷǰڽ뺣кûãǵϢʧˡ
Ѿˣںǧף̫ҵ̫ϳ˵ͬʱĿޱأ۲졣
ҶǳҲĵȴš
Լһʱ׼ҵ̫ϳϺͼҵ̫ϳϱˣɫЩأƺʲôõ顣
ôҵ̫ϳȲʵ
Բˣ׼ҵ̫ϳ˵
ɶҵ̫ϳЩ⡣
ҵ̫ϳüͷ˵㻹ǸȥɣЩҲɣûΣգһЩԵ
ߣŪ飡ҵ̫ϳЩˬǸǱ뺣ˮ֮С
ҶǳҲǱ
ԼǱǧ׵ʱҶǳоһĤͻȻǰĺҳ˵Ӱʧˡ
Ҷǳоǰһڣ۾ʱѾһҰ֮С
һء
Ҷǳʵأܹ϶ռأȻôҰ
ǿ쿴죡Ȼ
ҶǳĿȥҲһ죬档
һλأȻôӴ󣡡ҵ̫ϳ𾪵
׼ҵ̫ϳߵɣи𾪵ء
Ŷﻹʲô𣿡ҵ̫ϳϾȵ
ҵ̫ϳϳһҩ


627 ڶ
ҩ
ҵ̫ϳԾ۾ˣһǿƴϱҶǳ˸еѹ֡
ڹ꣬𼤶ˣһ꽫ҩѾԲõˣֲҵˡ׼ҵ̫ϳߵ
ҵ̫ϳԣʱҾ˵Ҫҩ϶ȵˣô֪ͨҡ
ߣ֪ͺã׼ҵ̫ϳߵ
̤ǰС
Ҷǳ˶ð𾪣Щš
Ȼһҩ
ҩ
ս½ϣҩһƳҩǳ׼ҵƹҩ⣬ս½˿Ƴҩ񼶵ĵҩѾǼˡ
һҩسģڼ֮
̫ȵȡ
Щﶼս½ĵرÿһתʵľ޴á
Ȼս½˵ҩĵطܹתý֮˻ڶ
ղźҵ̫ϳΪʲôô
ΪֻҪҩͿԻڶëһǶһȻޱȡ
ѵԲѾڶ𣿡ҶǳȻһݡ
ԲȷֵģȻҩѾҪˣô϶ǱԲõˡ
Ҷǳ˼֮ʱѾҩ
һ꼴ήɺ½ҪήˣĻޱΧͷųǳŨ

ҵ̫ϳϼʱ֮ɫȻҩؾֻһλֻһŹʵȻԲǼһ
ҵ̫ϳҲĵֻּѩѾͷԲסˣѩѾͷʱԲ»ûзҩѪʣµĲѾͷĶ֣ԲǼһӹһٰ
츳Ͳֻ˵ڶδزҶҵľս֮λ׼ҵ̫ϳɫص˵
ҶǳȻ¶ˣԲĻ˵ڶδҪһˡ
ҶǳЩͷۣĵѾ̫ˣ׼ҡлսҲ˵ʡԲǱս񾳽ĴУҪԵа
ҶǳеЩȣҪʵ
Ͼ츳ǿνǱ죬ʵӦúܿ졣
Բ˵ڶ͸ëһڴﵽս۷徳綼ûƿҲܹܿ
ҪǣԲëܵ䣬츳ǰ˽Ǹǿһˡ
ңڿԲͷһҩΪѾƻʮ꣬թɼı㣬ȻὫ֮Դ׼ãΪ϶һ·ǡ
ǼСΧɣȻһҩѾˣվҩڲ̺ӴӦܹһεΪ
ʱ򣬼ҵ̫ϳϿڶҶǳ˵
ҵʥǣʱϲһΧ
ҶǳҲȲˣԲһУҪΪˡ
תȫͷųҶǳΪѸš
ŨҶǳһϲ뵽˵սʱʱһĻҲͬŨڣΪ
ͬǣһǳ⣬ҪҶǳֱӿ԰Ϊ
ҩ
ҶǳӵظܵҩĿֲҩ
ͬʱҲĽԲĻһﻹˡ
ڶǶĴԵ
ʱţһת۱ȥˡ
ҶǳΪսʳս۷壬ʼóʵ𵤷ã׼սʾ硣
ףСһȻвٻʵ𵤣Ǻصʥ𣿡׼ҵ̫ϳϿҶǳʮŻʵ𵤣ʱȵ
ҵ̫ϳЦ˵Ǻҵɿ䣬ʦҲʶǵĽʡ
н磬ǽʵļӣ츳Ѿ̤˰˽Բ磬ʦ𽣻ʵȼ磬δĳɾͲЩӲʤһҵ̫ϳϾȻ֪ҶǳȻǴӼ˪֪Ϣ
ԭǽʵĴ˰һﻹԼ̬ҲˣյĸӶôֱǻĵڶλʰ׼ҵ̫ϳϿҶǳһ֮̾ɫ
˵ʻһ״أ츳ҲѾ̤˰˽ֻΪ׼Һлңǵ׷ɱءҵ̫ϳЦ
ҵ̫ϳϺ׼ҵ̫ϳðࡣ
ǶԽʺ˶ˣôŵӡ
ʵǱ̬Զ


628 Ե
䣡
ҵһʥӶͻΪҶǳлʵ𵤣ȻҲȱٻʵ𵤣ϾΪսҵʥӣÿ¶лʵ𵤡ȵҩţҶǳǿˡ
սʣЩӣֽһˡ
Ҷǳϲ֮ɫ
֪Ϊʲôս½ǿߴðˣʵĻԵ̫ˣԿٵʵ
Ҷǳ˵ӽһʱ䣬ں߰˸Σһ·嵽սʼҪս½Ҫʮϰܹõ
֪ڵʵܲһˣܹɹҵΪ϶ܹһΣӶﵽսʾ硣ңܹһΣҵȻǿһҵҲǿ
Ҷǳ뵽
Ѿ𣬷ֱ̫𡢺𣬵һ˲ֻҪʵ㹻ܹɷ˲ս
ңܹһ̤Ž򣬿νǺôࡣ
ÿһ𶼺ΣգҶǳҲ֪ԼǷܹɹûǽսʺ󣬰ոһЩ
׿ήˣʱԱ˺̫ϳϵ̾Ϣ
Ҷǳ˿̷ΧѾϡˣΪͷ
һҩȻǳˣҶӿݻƣ䣬ֻʣ²ϵĸ֦ǿ֧塣
Ҷǳ״̲סѯǰλ̫ϳϣλǰҩõ֮ͻս½ҩԽԽ٣Ŷԣôỹҩ
Ǻǣܺãҵ̫ϳЦ˵ҩȻȴΪҩسģֻҪս½ûпݽߣôͻỹҩ
ҵ̫ϳҲЦ˵ңһûгڴϣôȵʮͻḴգٴηѿɳȻٵһʱ䣬ͻῪµҩ
Ҷǳ۾һ
׼ҵ̫ϳߵ˭ɵôʮʱ䣬ҪķѶսҲ֧Ų𡣸οҪʮһʱܵõҩ֮ϵıǼңҲֻһǧʷѡ
ҵ̫ϳҲ̾Ϣʮһ׺ɣ˭֪ʱʲôһˣ˭ɵúķѾ޴һҩʮһĺʹãңʮһսҶпʱһҩ˵ΪˣǾ̫ˡ
ҶǳԣҲص˵ͷҲôֵá
ҶǳǶֿʼھ˵λǰȻҪͲˣ͵һƷˡٺ٣ô˵ҲһҩԺˣǿһҩΪйҩǶⰡ

λ̫ϳ
Σҵ̫ϳЦСӾŹ֣ϣʦͬ
ҵ̫ϳЦţҾúȤƷҲ
׼ҵ̫ϳȴ۾˵Сһʵַʮһʱ䣬ҲܹաܹҵĻӵһҩ
ʲôҶǳһ𣬲ŵؿ׼̫ϳϡ
ΧʥҲǳ𾪣׼ҵ̫ϳϡ
ҵ̫ϳϼˣƲȷһַܹգѶȸǾ͵񻰹°ɡ
ǰʲôҶǳ׼ҵ̫ϳϣ̲סʵ
׼ҵ̫ϳϳؼ䣬ҩѪ˻ڶ⣬һ޲Ҫܻڶǲˡӵз˲һܹĻ棬ټϲһĴйǾͿ
׼ҵ̫ϳϼ˵⣬ؼ仹һӵǿһܰٷ֮עΪսǱצһ塣ԣһλսݹֻҪ÷˲צԴܹһҩգøյҩצͲߣʱܵ޵ôҪʱ䣬ܹҩʵ
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Χʥһʱ˺̫ϳ֮ǰ˼
Ϊͷؼϡٵޣһǧ˵ˡ
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ԣ׼̫ϳ˵ʵ֡
ҶǳҲ¶Ц֮ɫ˵ǰⷽѶҲ̫ˣһͷצ֣ҹû˿շңѾǧˣµˣҲûһͷ˵
ˣҶǳڼھ
ûע⵽ҶǳڸղŲһ£¶顣


629 
צˣ
ֻ޶ڱ˵ǿĻԵǶҶǳ˵ȴֿɵá
ë͸üˡ
С壬ֻҪָצѪ
뵽ҶǳԽˣô˵գֻҪʱ䣬䵮µҩ
ʱ䣬Ҷǳܹȵġ
ʱûгΪս񣬾ͻǰλ̫ϳһ꣬Ԫ
ʱܹһҩߣܹڶǶô޴ĻԵ
൱˵ڶ
Ҷǳôܲ
ȻΪ˱λ̫ϳϿҶǳʼװģ˵һٻȻھսռָ档
ʵϣλ̫ϳϸΪҶǳգϾ˭ܹӵצͲͷʮǿޣ
ս½ͷޣҲû˿ԽշҲõ˵Ҷǳˡ
ǺǣСһҿ㣬пա׼ҵ̫ϳЦе
ڳˣ֪ڿЦ
ҶǳҲЦ˵ɣ㲻գԺʱֱᣬٺ٣һҩᣬҲ˰ɡ
᲻Ҫ̸ǵŸոտʼѾ꣬Ԫˡҵ̫ϳϵҶǳһۣ漴̾Ϣ
ԽǿԽǿ
⻨磬˭Ը
߰ɣһҩ⣬ûмֵĶˡ׼ҵ̫ϳϵ˵
ҵ̫ϳϵ˵ͷ漴ЦܹЩСһһΣҲûаһˡ
ңǻ֪Բ˵ڶı㣬ͬСɣܵжԴҵ̫ϳɫص˵

һˣ뿪ء
Ȼλ̫ϳЩʧҶǳǶԵúܸˣϾʱƾһΪܲ
ȻҲӲ淴ӳҩǿ󣬽ǿήҩڳʮλʥһΪҪҩأ
ֱܹ̤սΰɣ
ҶǳлȣЩȲҪҵëϲá
ԣڻص֮Ҷǳ͸𣬶Сǰ޺
ڵִ޺Ļ֮ûпëСȻǻѰҴûл
ǣҶǳֻðĴڴ˵˳ȹһΪ
ΪЩ죬Щȶˣɸͣδܲ
Ϊ˿׷ȺӣҶǳԲԼΪô죬ڵЩǰôȹˡ
壬幦ʹǿ󣬿ѹΪ
֮⣬Ҷǳ־ǿľΪҲﵽ˵ڶΣЩȹΪ
һ¡µʱȥˡ
ҶǳѾһʱˣһĽܴջҲ޴ʵ۷һꡣ
ȼ͸һȥڵʵӦÿǿˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
޺ĻԵܹ࣬ĺˣǿġ
ΨƬûȫĺ򣬲пܰҶǳʵ
ңҶǳëǰ϶ݺӦ˽ڣܹܶΣա
ף
𣿡
ȻҶǳ̧ͷԶʣӦëϢ
ȻúҶǳͿëС
СӣѵÿչףСӵΪȻﵽսʾ磬Ҫ׷ϱүˣǲˣëһҶǳʱ¶֮ɫ
ҶǳЦЩҵһҩ
ʲôҩëʱ˹˵ó
Եúܼж¶˷ܵĹâ
ҶǳһЦ漴ѿռָڵ˳
ҩСˣҰëһӣʱѪղŵļһɨ⡣
ҶǳЦ˵ĹʵѾõˣֻʣ¿ϸˡ
Ū˰죬ԭһͷҩиƨðëƲ
Ҷǳɻؿë˵սҵһλǰ˵ֻҪķ˲ټצԴܹһҩգѵ㲻֪𣿡
үȻ֪ëߵ֪СӴʲôע⣬ҪȱүС嶼ս۷徳磬ҲǱүǰǸΪܹաԣСӾȰɣҪǸʱ˵㶼ΪսˣҲòһҩ
ҶǳԶʱһʧ֮ɫҰ׸һˡ
ҲδأëЦ˵ܹҵľˮͻȪүа취㸴


630 
ľˮͻȪҶǳë˵ʥıرƷս½ĵرǿĶ
ҶǳЦܹӵеһ͸ˣϾʥˡҪֶϣʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳڣʮλʮʥӵôʥӦþֽܽ⣬õֲϰɡ
һȺܼӣ
Ҷǳ̲סЩӡ
û취˼սҼҴҵ󣬿϶ӵЩʥı
ɢޣֻԼѰҡ
ǣܹҵõĵطѾЩսҵ˹ˣﻹֵܹõɢޡ
ΣյطпܻûЩսıء
뵽Ҷǳë˵յϢ˵һӴżܶսҵӺǿʥӶȥ̽ˣҪҪȥ
ǵط̫ΣˣڽȥЩǿëüͷΪͣ츳ҲûлָʵҶǳСɶȲϣЩǿ
ǰӦýȥѵܱһЩΣ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ëŰ˵浽׵磬ȫ׵縲ǣûаȫĵطһУҪ׵ĺʵŲסáСڵʵܹһͲˣһʱܹʲô¶Ҳżڵλá
ȻôΣգ
ҶǳԲɵðࡣ
СӣŵĻүȥҲûʲôëЦ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷǸȥ㲻ܽȥҲܹһԼܳܵļޣ´ȥʱ֪Լӵʲôʵˡ
ǣҶǳ뿪أǰ
ǵʵǳǿ󣬳С֮⣬ҶǳëСɣսʵһдԽ޺ûĸ۵޸赲
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ҶǳһȥǰƬȫƸǣһߣ߼ʡ֮Уʱ˸׵磬һ޴Ĵִ׵磬һһأǰĺ֮С
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ţȥԿҲã˳׵壬Сĵ㣬ˡëͷ
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Ҷǳ˼壬ԲûнţǴ߶ԼС⾳ʼ׵ʡ
СɡëҲԡ׹֮У׵֮ĥ
СʵֻǼһʱͲò˳ˡ
ҶǳСɡëǼš
ʱţҶǳоԼǿЩ׵Чܺãܿ졣
һ֮Ҷǳٶͻƣﵽ˴С⾳۷壬ԲҲԶˡ
֮׵ЧͲ࣬ҪС
ȻҶǳ׼ʱͻȻǰԶһϤӰ
׼ҵǸǿʥӣëҲǰǸӰ
׻𣡡Ҷǳϳ˴ˣȺϺʹ˶Զӡ̡
Ҷǳ׻ҲҶǳǣΪëһʱҶǳ¶ò̾ͱ׻ϳˡ
󣬾ٶȿСɡ
ͷ׻Ȼͫһƺ뵽ʲô𾪵صҶǳǽ磬ԭˣˡ
ˣҶǳʱɫһ
ݱ¶ˡ
ۣȻ׻Ѫɫ΢΢һ䡣
ëɫâۣ׻ʱϲûᣬˣСӦлὫɱ
ˢ
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631 ̤Ž
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ҶǳȥʱСҲųȥΪҶǳһΣѾʮ츳׼׻١
һȻЩżеıʱˣԲߣһɱĺûᡣëҶǳ
ҶǳȻ׻ߵĺǶܲ
Ͼݣڹؼʱ̺á
磬ҩҶǳǿŽݣŻȺսҵУӶõܶԵ
ûнݣ޷ЩսҵС
Ҷǳɱ׻ԶѾͷųǧƽ𱦽׻ɱȥһɫĽ⣬˺ѵأ
򽣾㣡
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ǧƷһſʯֲ׻𲻶ϵصˣ߶İʥڲ

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һƷУûвǧƷЩֲˣǰʥ޷ֵ
˵׻ѾˣҶǳĶ֡
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׻һսˣԶ
׻ͷ㻹вңΪ컹ܻ𣿡Ҷǳһ߲ٿǧƷԶ̹׻һߺСɼٸϹȥ
׻ȻٶȺܿ죬վǧƷΧٶȼ࣬ܿͱҶǳ׷ˡ
ɱ
𣡡
ҶǳСɱһֳֺڽ׻һ̧צ׻
׻ʱƵæңһ߲ٿذʥԿǧƷһ߻ҪӦҶǳСɣʵѹƵ
׻ûη֮ɫһҶǳΪԶ̫ˣ׼ǿսңҾ㿴ʲôǿսҡ
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ʲô
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˵գ׻ʵһƬ֣ʼѹҶǳ
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ҶǳɣͻȻ˷ӭ׻Ĺû˿ֱ⡣
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䣡
޴ĳƺݺݵغҶǳϣһɿµʱҶǳڡ
ʱ򣡡
ҶǳͻȻⱬ䣬͵ش߶սܵľʹǣ׻սһڵĵƽ֮š
Ҷǳƽ֮ţֻ俪ƽ֮һֱû俪
ڣҶǳȻðյ׻һƽ֮ţ־ٶʵ̫Σˣë֪»ᰵҶǳ̬
Ҷǳ֪ƽ֮ŵĻλҪ׻ɱˡ
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¡¡
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Ҷǳţҧأȫ߶ս׻һڵĵƽ֮š
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䣡׻Ҷǳһ𣬺ݺݵغڵƽ֮ϡ
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632 ɱ
Ž
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Ҷǳһ·ڽ̤ԽսҵӣΪһΨһһܹҶҵľӱȼĳš
ӴԺ󣬾ŽǾӵĶҶǳҲĳˡ
䣡
һ̣ҶǳϵϢǳֲ̤Žʵһӱ࣬Ӳɢڵ׻һ˫ŽƣʩչƣŶ׻ѹȥ
ƣ
һͺ
ɫء
һɫĴ𣬹âɣĹ飬ɢֲϢ׻ײѪɡ
һ˲䣬˵ؽ䣬ӣһƬӿ
ôܣ
׻𱻳״ˣôҲû뵽ҶǳӲסȫһû£ʵ
Ȼ׻𾪾ǣҶǳڵϢһϤĸоͺ
Ž򣡡
Ȼ׻ͫһŵصҶǳ
ϳˣǾŽǰӺ׼ҵսֿµϢԶҲˡ
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׻һҶǳг֮ɫ
Ž򰡣Ӷ߾硣
ǳҶҵľ⣬˭Ҳṳ̂롣
𿴰˽;ŽֻһΣȴصĲࡣ
ǰݺµԲսӵһʣǶﵽ˰˽Բ磬ȴṳ̂Ž
ɴ˿ɼҪ̤Žжôѡ
Ǻǣ⻹Ҫл㰡Ȼһùʱ̤Ž򣡡
ҶǳЦ̤ն
һð׻ƽ֮ţȻЩգɹˡ
Ž򣬶ôľ簡
ҶǳŴʱڵǿͻȻ̤Ž򲢲ֻԽŸСΣмԼƺԽʮΣһЩЩ֡
Ȼ˼ʱ׼ѯëȽ׻նɱ
Ҳգ·ɣ
Ҷǳûٶ򽣾ֱʩչƺ׻伤ҲɱƬڲ
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Ҷǳִ̧һƬõķ⣬嫵ӿȣһɫͷų޵е׻Ѫˡ
Ѿ̤ŽҶǳʵﵽһֲĳ̶ȣͶ֮䶼ֻصȫѹס׻
Ҳİ
׻
սҵǿʥӣһǿսңȻһ˸Խܣʵ̫ˡ
ҲûãҪ͹׸߸ȥɣ˭ûҵġҶǳһɱ
Һƴˣ׻ŭٶһſ񻯵ԼǱȫݵر˿ֲҶǳγ˿⡣
Ҷǳɫ䣬֪׻ֲ˶ãԷԵĿ񻯵Խ࣬¸ñԽ
ȻûãҶǳͿ׻ͷڱףϢԽԽʵʼѸٽ͡
ĸˣҶǳЦûɱһն׻һ첲۵˻ˡ
ɱҶǳȫ׻ĻᣬֶΣʵ׻ɱ
һλǿսҵǿʥӣ˴˵ء
ҶǳеޱȵĳȻս̨͹ɱһλǿʥӣʵѾʼӽЩսҵˡ
Ҫ˶ãұʦ𽣻ʵһԺƸսҵӡҶǳ̤Ž˿̳ޱȵš
𣡡ԶСһ˷ܵط˹Ҷǳղű׻ѹŴܵģڿҶǳɱ˵ˣʱ˲ѡ
Сɣ߰ɣҶǳЦһץ׻ʬ壬Сɷء
ܹһ̤Žеޱȵļ˷ܡ
ңɱ׻Уٴ׼ҵʵ
Сӣүû˵ɣһˣ϶ܹɱëҶǳץ׻ʬʱЦĵ
Ҷǳߵ㻹˵׼ǵһңһղŷһſ񻯵ʵҺСɻɱ
񻯵ëһ𾪵Ǽˣ϶еҩڶʱڱǿսǱүʧˣ˵ˣСôӮģ
ǽðճƽ֮ţ̤˾Ž֮󣬲ŽɱġҶǳ˵
ëԵɴ۾㡭СӾô̤˾ŽǾŽ򰡣ʮǿ֮УҲֻצ̤򡣡
һп֮ɫ
ϾǿҶǳһ·ɳģ񿴵Ҷǳ̤ŽҲǳ˺͸п


633 
Ž򰡣
ëҶǳһĽ֮ɫ޲ȡ֮
Թս½ûгŽţţһ⣬󶼳Ϊս
˵ҶǳѾһֻ̤սĴš
һЩ⣬ΪֹҶǳһ̤˾Ž򣬻һǿľӣԼǰʡ
ңȵС֮󣬾ֶһ
лڶԲҲп̤˾Ž
ˣǵĿ궼ս
˭ȳΪսëҲ²
һöǲ٣
ʱҶǳڼ׻ѳĿռָ֮ǰǼʥѾˡ
ò˵׻Ϊ׼ҵǿʥӣ۷ǳ
ʯһѣиָĵҩ
ûҶǳҪͻʵ𵤡
ȻҲϾ׻磬ǻʵ𵤣Чˣֻ˷ѡ
֮ǰȺʱ׻Ųͻʵ𵤣Ϊʱӵһ׼ЩҩΪ׼׼ġ
ϧڶʱ׼СɸˣҲͲҪٴЩҩˡ
Ҷǳ׻Ŀռָѵ˼ʥ˵ҩⶫֵܴԺ˵ʱõõϾ˭ܱ֤Լˣ
СӶѾɱλ׼ҵǿʥӵģлҵǿʥӣԼAʥӣ¶Ѿõ˲ٺöɡëЦʵ
Ҷǳһ߼ռָһЦŵͷвٶǳʯ͵ҩҩ֮⣬Ķˣܹʹá
ðʥ˵ɣҶǳɱļλǿʥӣһʥ༫Ʒ
Щ̫ˣóʹã϶ᱻ׼Һлҵϳ
ٺ٣̫ûϵǿͨ¥ЩȥȡһЩƼƷ򽣾ӳǿëЦŽ
Ҷǳ۾һ˵ͷãھͻȥɣ⺣ҲˣҵΪǿһЩǾȥңʱȥôˣҲ֪ɮһǱ׼ôˡ
ɮһ׼ʲôëһ졣
ѽ˸ˣҶǳһԴЦ˸㣬֮ǰȥһˣ˵ˣɮһ׼óҵܲⶼȥˣҲ֪ǳɹûС
ɶôҪ飬СӾȻˡëõҶǳһۣһķ£ȥһҪķ£ضȥˣɮһѾСܲˡ
˵գëϵͷء
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Ҷǳæ׷ȥ˵żɮһҵˡܲҲݾߣǻսңһжЩ׼ķһʱ䶼⡣
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СӣûʶëһƲһͷ˳ԺС壬Ҫˡ
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ɮһһλһֱǿһֱڰиٳʣΪҵܲûдݾߣƾ֮ǺаԵ֮Ƕڳʵͳ¡漴˵
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뵽Ҷǳ˵֣鷳ҴϢ߳ʣ˵ҶǳŵģҪҪ𣬾ҡ


634 Ԫ
Ҷǳ֮ô˵ҲΪʵעܵ˺
ϾƵģȻأǳʼ׷ȥ鵽ġ
Сӣⲻ鷳𣿡ëҶǳĻʱüҶǳڶ¡
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Ҷǳ˵ҺǵжԵģǰҲʡ֮ǻˡ
Ľˡ
ͳעǵˡ
οԷѾȷˡǾ͸жˡ
ðɣСĵ㣬ʲлң²ʲô˼Ϊɱ㣬϶ϧһдҵ㣬ʲôֶζпõɫѵ
лȻɣվЩƵģϾҪάսҵ棬Ļǵֱӳս𼶱ǿ׷ɱҶǳˡ
ǳʲһǾ֪Ĵħͷʯ±ɱʬǾ֪ˣħͷΪĿģԲϧһдۡ
İɣд㣡Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴óһöռָ룬˵ɱ׼ҡлʥõһЩһһЩϡ
˵գҶǳֵݸһݲ嵥涼ƼƷҪĲϡ
ô㵽ɱ˶սҵʥӰ뱾û⣬ǵ˿ռָƷ󣬶ʱĿɿڴ֮ɫ
Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ʥмʮƷԼһЩؼȵȡ
ѹʱ׼ҺлҵڷѰ٣ԭɱôʥӣǵǿʥӶˡ
뾪̾ռָҶǳ˵Щˣ¥רŵ
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴˵ȥХԨչֱ֮͵ХԨˡ
ͷ

뿪¥ҶǳëСɡСֱӳҹɫǰХԨϾСʵ̫ҫˣǳҹǣ϶䶯ġ
֪Ƿлҵ˰أ
ҶǳŲԶХԨЦ
ëֱӿۣ˫Ŀ֮Ƭ̣ۣЦ˵ûˣǶ֪ǰˣԾûжһˡ
ǺǣںŪһ㶯ҲûûѾҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ХԨ£һ·۷УúִԳһĳѨ
𣡡
ԳһĳѨ֮кȻһӴӰеСŭţһɹǿϢֱƬɽּ
Ҷǳ֪СɵϢ̫ӴˣҲ̫ˣ˺Գһľ衣
ûҶǳëѾһСɱϷɳһںԳһǿߴʲôУûү˰
Ǵʦ
ԭǴʦǡ
Ͻɢ

ԳǿëϤΣʱһ䱸¶Цݡ
ϾëΪԳһҶǳΪǶһ幱׺ܴܵԳһ𾴡
ҶǳǷ𣿷ֻֻ峤үү˵ġŴ󲽷˹ҶǳԱߵСɣһľ֮ɫ
ëƲûмʶͼķ㣬ͷѾѪʼˡǺԳһ壬ʮǿ޻ħԳĺб´Ѫʼ棬ôҲпܽħԳ
ʮǿޡ
ԣʱϵؽ̸ȻܵĴġ
ҶǳЦŸſͽԳһ峲Ѩڡ
峤ôҶǳʵ֪峤ʱ䲻ˣԲдʡ
Զʱһ¶һı֮ɫ峤үүʱ䲻ˣѪܵأѾû취˯ˡ˵ˣ໹ְܼʱ䣬ԣǲҲҪðȥ¥ˡ
ʲôôأȥ峤ҶǳһæӿٶȣȥԳһ峤
úǿ˺Գһ峤ս
սӴ󣬱СɶҪߴ󣬵ЩҶǳһμʱôˡ
ҪʱҶǳŵһŨѪܵ·һֻ̤˹Źء
峤Ҷǳʱˡ
ëҲĬˣû˵
Ǻǣްս½ս֮⣬˭ܱһսҲʧʱ򡣡սԵúϵ۾Ҷǳ̶οЦɳĺܿ죬ǵõ뽣ʴ˵ˣδһᳬԽǡ
ȻҶǳΪҲҶǳǿ
ܵѪҶǳѪͬһֱͬҽһҷڣôĳ


635 
峤ѪѪ֪ǷаҶǳóԼصһƿצѪݸս˵
սɨһҶǳеƿӣ漴ҡͷսʲεѪצģҲûá
ҶǳεջѪսԪĴﵽˣҩֱ޷
û취𣿡Ҷǳתͷë
ëҡҡͷ˵ʱѾԶԶԪޣܹôãǿŽ֮ĹĽӳ֣Ѿļˡ
˵Ķԣսëһۣ漴ЦŶҶǳ˵Ϊұˣһô꣬ͻˣֻǵߺ󣬺ԳһЩѰ
峤ڵ𣿡Ҷǳµ˿ս˼
һԵëЦɮһѾֲˣܹɹҲ˶á
սԣлָһɫʣЦû뵽ǰܵõһϢţҷ˲١
˵գսë˵°ɣӦƳ䣬Ǹŵˡ
ëüڵΪҽĻҲսᡣ
Ǻǣڵ˵ӰʱҲûʲôãֻ˷Ѷѣ䡣
սЦЦ漴Ҷǳ˵Ҳ£ҵӦܹһΪ
Ҷǳûжٸˣһɾĳ߾Ҫȥˣɵ뵽Լ뵽Щ˺ѡ
Ҳ۷ʱߵ˶Ѿȥˣֻʣһ˶߷壬ֻʣ޾Ĺ¶
峤ȥˡ
ѪͿ˵˳ɽ
ɽ֮УҶǳëϥڿսǰ
úһǿϢӿսϱѪ·һӻָ۷壬ֲɽ
Ҷǳë֪ǿսĻԻ͡
䣡
սкȻ⣬ëһǿ־ʱë¶һķţǳаɢϢ
ԱߵҶǳɫأë䣬ë޷⣬ǳаͿֲ
ƣ
սͺһ仯⡣
漴սͺһӲ˺ܶ࣬ӴڵϣϢڲϵؽ͡
𣡡
֮෴ëͷų⣬һȵķ˲ع⡣ؿڻ֮Уһֻԡ
񣡡
ʱսҶǳ߶ѪԼҶǳڣ˷ӵɽһӿȡ
Ҷǳ߶ȫſսΪڲϵ
ͬʱһĺХԨ
ȵķ˲Уһֻ;޴Ĳ˳˳һƬõĻ棬Χչͷһʹڣ֮ͬɢǿϢ
үڻָˣ
ë˷ܵĴ
ֻǣѾָëǰûë
һֻªëʮǿޡˡ
ϧˣû취һ
ɽ֮Уսһ̾ϢĿ⻺ȥӴҲ֮ء
Ҷǳ۾ﵽս۷壬սҲֻһ֮ң
սʣ࣬Ҵ󲿷ë䣬ҶǳĲֻ࣬ܰս۷塣
ϾҶǳ츳̫ǿˣÿһҪҲӴ
峤ҶǳŵڵϣʧȥϢĿսɵñ
СӣڰɣԺᾭ࣡ë̾һ˵
ҶǳĬ
ú󣬿Ѫ͵ȺԳһҪһ˵عڿսǰ
Ҷǳ̫𽫿ս廯ΪҽպԳһĹأսĹǻҪ뽣֮ĹڣΪǺԳһĹҪػ֮Ĺ
һ죬ҶǳſѪһ𣬻ͿսĹǻҽ뽣֮Ĺ
֮Ĺǲսϵǿ߽룬ҪнУֻҶǳѾõĴУ֮ĹѾûʲôҪԾûˡ
峤㰲ϢɣҷֻҪҶǳţͱ֤Գһƽ档ҶǳվڿսĹǰġ
ʱһɫʯڲԶƾճ֣ɢһɹӺصϢ·ǧ£ɹǧ쳾
Ϣ֣֮ûڳκ˵ע⣬ֱҶǳ̧ͷƳžǴ𣿡
ҿ϶֮ǰﲢûʯܹƶʯֻдսǼ񱮡
ȷǴ񱮣ԱߵĿսҲϲ峤һδ񱮣ˣֳˣǴڸλС
ëһŴ񱮣ԱߵҶǳæ˵СӣϽȥԿ˵Եõ񱮵Ͽɡ


636 ڹ
ҶǳҲܼ˷ܣһۼ˽Ĺۿ·ֿɵãףӵԼ飬鲻Ͽ㣬ԶҲܵõġ
Ҷǳż飬ŲԶĴȥߵĺϾ°Ѵ񱮸ܡ
ëͺԳһ˶ԶعţҲϣҶǳܹõ񱮣ϾһҶǳϿս½Ϻˣ˿Խɱ
ο񱮻һƫԵ
սһƣǺųǧһˡ
еս֮Уսδжģ۷ǹϵ۷ڣΨҵսԼɮһܹȼ硣
ΪսԽ֮壬սʱ򣬾ô֮һսҵ磬Է߶ûܽɱɴ˿ɼķжôֲ
ιҽҶǳսѾãĽӦǴսɣѺòã
Ҷǳһ񱮣һЦ˵
Զë˷ۣЦȻӵǣϾһˣĻʶȥԽӴſ飬Ҫ۲һУϿ㣬ȻΪ
˵ҶǳʱһΣ漴ųʶС̽ǰĴ񱮡
ƺӦҶǳʶѸٺˣһ˿ռ֮УֻһƺڴҶǳ
ҶǳëԣſԼû˿һ΢ЦؿŴ񱮣ʶӽ
Ҷǳûżжʶ̽ٶȺһȫٶȣӽ񱮡
ԼʱҶǳʶڴ˴񱮡
һ˲䣬һɺ嫵˳ʶҶǳԺУûеֵǷԼ飬ԡɺ嫵֮С
ǷǳΣյľٶҪɱҶǳô˲ܽҶǳɱ
Ҷǳ£Ϊ񱮵ûôԵ޹ʽɱ˵ҶǳֲǳĴħͷ
ˣҶǳԵú̹ȻԼ飬ƾ̽һС
ʱ˰죬Զë˶ЩͷˣǲҳҲ뿪»ŵҶǳ񱮡
ݣ
պ󣬴񱮵Ҳ˿ռ֮УʧӰ١
ʧˣë״ʱһʧ
ԳһǿҲеЩźϾǴ񱮵һû뵽ûгɹ
ʱҶǳ۾͸һɾϲ֮ɫ
ˣСӻЦʲôë˹һźؿҶǳ
Ҷǳر죡
ʲôСֹʲôëɵضҶǳʵ
Ҷǳ̧ͷЦҲûȫʧܣȻûΪһ飬ֻҪͨ飬õϿɡ
Ŷëϲʵʲô飿
⻹һ尡
ëЩˡ
ҶǳЦ˵սĹڸˣر졷ܹɹҴսսӡôͻΪ
ر졷ҿǺųǧһĹõŹξͷˣյò񱮵ϿɣСҲ׬ˡëʱĽ֮ɫ
ϧ񱮴ڸҶǳĹ޷תڸڶˣҶǳ׽ر졷Բ磬Ϊڶս񣬲ܽŹˡ
ǰҶǳ˵ͷԵúܿģЦǴͬˣֻǶҵ츳Щɣ˵ܵսӰ죬ϣδܹɡر졷
СӶ̤Žˣ츳ӹɣϣܹΪڶսԲȴڸսĹġ
ëٺЦҲãѧ˴սĹԺٲٿشҲ׺ܶ࣬ӳǿ
ǺǣպҪʱʹڽ֮Ĺչر졷˳һ¸顣ҶǳЦ˵
ë˵ͷ˵Ͱչذɣȿɮһǿҵ֪֮ܲͨ㡣
˵գëͺԳһ뿪˽֮Ĺ
Ҷǳ͵ϥʼչر졷
ŹǴսڴﵽս۷Դģսֽ֮ƵԲ硣
˹ΪΣǰ죬Թ֮ͨٶȼӱΪа
죬մ֮ʹսԴԴǿսʱĳ־
ɺ죬Ե֮֮Լʹ޵С
ԣ˵ֻҪսŲս½ôʹվŲҲû˿Ի


637 Ǩ
չ֮У֪棬ת
Ҷǳ˶ڸ򡶵ر졷һµʱ䣬˵һ졣
ʱϥڵϣܹظӦƨĴ֮һֺء嫡ޱߵΰ
ս½жôӴ
Ϳ󵽴֮жôֲ
Ҷǳɵһ֮󣬽֮ٶȶ࣬Ϊİܴ
Ͼս½̺Դ֮Ҳ̺ǻŴ֮Ҷǳڡ
ҶǳԴ˸еܾϲŹİʵ̫ˣǰ죬Ժٶȶࡣ
ˣҶǳر졷ʱ򣬶ûеսڲٶԽԽ졣
ºҶǳ˵ڶʱ˾ͷ·һһΧϵسӿ
ͷ·ҶǳһڶһڲϵЩ
ҶСӣô˰
ëȻ
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥëӰӽ֮Ĺڷڽ䣬ϵëָˣ˲˵ķɣǰֻûëļˡ
ף̤սʾˣҶǳëΪʱȵ
ٺ٣ү츳ָˣΪȻҲܿ죬Ͼڱү˵ûƿġȩ̈ͷ˵
Ҷǳɫ΢΢һ뵽ǸԲ˵ڶһûΪƿºܿͻ׷ңᳬԽҡ
ë˵ĺܶԣСӵøϽʵˣϾԽԽѡȵս𾳽ٶȾ͸ˣʱͲ籾үԲˡ
ҲδأҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ر졷ĹЧë
ëۣŹʵ̫ˣϧүû취ѧɣˣ˵ڼˡ
ոɵڶ죬ҹǰӦòѣһ֮ھѧᣬϾھôߡľԽԽˡҶǳ˵
ë˵ͷ˵ȻģϾս񼶱ĹôѧģĽԼܴˡ
Ҷǳûż΢΢һЦ漴ʵʲô飿ѵǿɮһǿ߷֡ܲ𣿡
ûУǸ½Ѱ㣬ûȥܲëҡͷ
Ҷǳüͷһʵǣ𣿡
֮ɱһЩˣвûǸѾͷһЩ֮ǳ¡Ϣ͵ļʱȻȥ鵽ȥġëЦ
ҶǳЩµ˿漴ߵǷԽ
УëҡͷһȻֻһս𣬵Ͼշ𣬿̤߽򡣲ȻĻҲˡ
߽Ǿ൱ڰսʵҶǳüͷ
ս۷壬̤ŽҲ൱ս𣬾ԲǰսĶ֣һʥ
ëҲһȻǰսʣֻ̤˰˽Ҷǳʵ
ˣˣһΪпһսëҡҡͷ漴˵Ҫ㣬Ѫ׼뿪ХԨˡ
뿪ХԨҶǳȡ
ëһۣôȣԳһ屾ͲХԨģǵʮɽֻǺ˽ݣžǨΪĹġ
ǹȥôˣѾǵļˣΪʲôҪ뿪Ҷǳɻ
ëΪԴХԨôǴô꣬ѾХԨеԴټȥȺһսʶˣ
ǰΪȷģǲòΪĹֱѰҵˡѾΪ˽Ĵˣ񱮶ʼΪˡԣΪѾµԣȻҪΪԼȺǣԻعʮɽǱģϾֻ޵ء
ҶǳԳ̾һǵľûдǾΪôĹأ񹦳ԲǸΪԼȺˡ
һֱڼӺԳһ壬뿪ХԨ¡˿϶ǰɡ
Ҷǳ漴һ֮ɫ
ë˵ͷǿ϶ģ֮ǰǶʱսҵӵХԨĶ࣬𲻿Զ֣ǲһЩֻҪһ·ͣӦÿ
ս峤ҶɽұûƽʮɽҶǳ
ëٺЦȻүҲ֮ˣңʵȥʮɽѰ֪һһǿռݣǰǲĶ֣ǾͿһˡ
ŶãС֮ˡҶǳһϲ


638 
С廯ѾһʱˣϧҶǳһֱûҵСȥԺС츳죬Ҳ׷ͷˣҶǳҲż
ǣҶǳͺë뿪֮ĹʼͺԳһ뿪ХԨǰʮɽ
ѡϳϾڣڸ߿зУױ˷֡
֮ǰ֮Ĺٴμ˿սԼһЩԳһȱǡ
СҶǳëСǷ߿գԳһҲŷϸ߿գһЩûдﵽս磬еˣЩԷеץŷС

߿У졣
ҶǳվСɵıϣתͷԱߵëѯʵ㵱ϳҲʮɽѵ㵱ûһ㱦𣿡
˵ʵëս۷Ĵڣëûһ㱦
ϾëҲܶ϶Լٳɹ϶Ҫ׼ǾҪǰ׼һЩԴŶԡ
Сӣˣ㻹ڴ򱾴үײİע⡣ëԵҶǳһۡ
һҶǳˣߵȻ϶бʮɽǰȻңҲ̫ˣкöɶ㡣
Сӣ֪ʮɽʲô𣿡ëЦүս۷壬һʮǿ޲ˣ򵥵˵үʵѾվս½۷壬Щ൱ʮɽBossǿߡ
ҶǳЦԣԣ㵱϶ռ˺ܶ౦ûбš
ëҡҡͷ˵㻹ױү˼ΪүǿԱүϳ϶ʮɽڵʵȥ϶
ڵʵ̽ʮɽ𣿡ҶǳԾȵû뵽ʮɽôΣգҪ֪ڱһսҪǿ
ߣа񼶵Ĵڣ޾ûëߵʮɽĸӿ£ȻĻʮɽеıﲢȺ٣ΪʲôȴֻںⴳҽʮɽأΪǿ֪ʮɽһЩֲĴڣǲҽʮɽ
ԭˣս½˽ô򵥰˺ܶܡҶǳȻͬʱЩп
ڵʵսˣȫվս½۷壬û뵽һЩط޷̤㡣
ʮɽ
ٺ٣СӺúŬȽսʼͿɱүķ˲ʱһΪ˫˫ʵǣʱǻȥѰëһڴ˵
ҶǳԴҲڴֻҪΪΣ̤ŽаպЩ̤ս𾳽ӿˡ
Գһ壬óˡ
սأƥ𣿡

ȻӲԶʴ
һ̣һӰ̤նҶǳΧס
ЩӰϤǡĽʬʬԶĸ߿лվһЩˡ
ǡˣѪʱҧгݵصЩˣиֳŨŨŭǺԳһ͡˴˺̵ܶսΣȻǺϤ
ţսѵս𣿡һλŹߵĺͻȻЦ
ǺǣȻսѾˣǾͽһɣȻٸХԨһŹߵĺɱ˵
ҶǳʶЩߣԱߵë˵λ־㣬ңͿѪһ˶һʣµĽСԳһ塣
ٺ٣־ǼһĻЩǿʬĵЩ־ͨսǰڱүǰֻһȺ񱾴ү츳ָˣֻëЦһ漴𣬴ȵķ˲ա
𣡡
ķ
һ̣޾һЩʬʬջ١
ؼʱ̣һλ־ëס
ү𱨳֮ǰɱ㿪θëһ˫Ĵ䣬콣
ëҲڲ򽣻ʵ򽣹ڣ̻񣬶õĽ࣬ҲߣѾﵽ˵ؽ۷徳硣ڲǰ츳ָһ¥ﵽ˺ͽʱȼ콣硣
ʱ˫ʩչ򽣹ڣŰأǰ־ĽڽڰˣۿҪˡ
ɱ
ҶǳҲˣ̤Žսﵽ۷壬ʩչ򽣾һѼƷһƬ貵꣬ٻգǰһλ־ֱӺɱˡ
һߣѪҲһλ־ϣʵȲҶǳëֻܿλ־ƽ֡
ǿѪŭ죬ѾΪ峤縺˺ԳһʹܵϵĳصӣǰǿɱˣеŭԽڣճһޡ
𣡡
ѪڿˣڴƾƿӾս۷徳̤һս𾳽磬ʵʱ𣬽һλ־Ӳնɱ


639 
ͻˣ
ҶǳѪǱߵĶɵתͷȥʱ˿Ѫս𣬻ɱֵһĻɵЦݡ
Ҫͻˣһʱë˹ָ츳Ѿɱ˶֡
ҶǳҲնɱˣЦſСǱߣ˵һΡСǣ˶Ͳ˵ġ
ʱСɵĴ£Щʬʬɱˡ
漴ҶǳٿһѼƷХȥЩʬʬɱ
Сǣû뵽ڴˣҵʵﵽһë͵ʵϣλ־֣¿Ѫսս𾳽磬Ҳᱻǻɱ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦڰУȻǺͺԳһĹϵ
뿪ɣλ־Ǽһ϶֪ġëɫص
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ͺԳһһɨսЩɱĽʬʬȻٴнǰʮɽ
ûǣµļٸ·ڿ˽ߵʮɽ
ʮɽֻʮɽʵĴɽֹʮиࡣɽ壬ټïʢɭ֣ۼһԵ쳣׳ۺ𺳡
ҶǳڶʮɽϴǴ۹ɽǽʮɽģֻʮɽΧ
ΣҶǳǴзʮɽֱӳʮɽȥӹЩΧ
ҶǳëǿսʵټϺԳһǿֱӿǰʮɽģΧʺǽѨ
οԳһرʮɽεĿĵأǻع鼸ǰء
ǲ׺ɣȥˣ˭֪Գһرʲôӡ
ѪҲʶǼǰأֻóһŲоɵƤͼָһɽ˵ǵأ
ҶǳһµͼʱҡҡͷΪͼʵ̫ªˣټϼĶתƣ˭֪ɽ
ëϸƬ̣漴ҺϤɽѾһȺʯռݣǵʵǲǿֻʮλսʣҲֻһ߼սʣСһȺ
ϿѪԴϲæ˵峤˵ڼǰʯһǺԳһĺᣬǲûи뿪ʮɽǵأԿ϶
ǾͺðˣǸɣ֪λë΢΢һЦ漴չУźԳһʮɽ
һڶ࣬ǿҲкܶ࣬һ·жûһͷ޸ַ·ϵ޶ӵԶԶģǵͷſ
ܿ죬Գһִǵء
ëҶǳϵǣе֮սûбʯһó̸Գһ壬ǻѡԳһ塣
ǽԴϲĳ档
Ҷǳọ̈̄ɵøп޴Ӱȥ˼ʱ䣬ʯһȻԳһ彻áҪǻ࣬»ֱӵɵˣϾԳһ̵ġ
ëЦǿˣǼʯһǿ߿ɲǱ֮ѡͷҳΪԳһĸӹΪǺʯһӲùϾǵʵģܵ޵Ĺ˲ء˺ԳһĿɽǵİȫбˣΪ˸һĵҲʲô˵ġ
ΣҲǿϣǿˣҲõĺԳһ޷ڴˡҶǳЦ
ë˵ͷ˵ԺԳһʵǶģȷˡ
ҪҪȥʮɽͲؼҿҶǳȻʮɽиһĨڴ
ëҡҡͷ漴СӲĻñȥа񼶱ĴڣүһȥͻᱻǷ֣ҵʵûлָȫʢʱڣɲЩϲĶ֡
ϧˣҶǳ̾ϢܹȥܵõëϳеЩرˣʱ϶ܹٵΪ
СӣڿϧˣȥСҵһëЦ漴Զ
ҶǳҲѪǸСɣСëĺ档
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ɻǣ·һƬˮûһ㣬ƽĹ졣
Ũ񣬱طŨʮֹһء
Ҷǳתر졷ӦŽµĴ֮ʱܵһǿϢ
ȻһסҶǳоⱬ˺ס
ٺ٣һͷߣʥ޼𣬰ʱ㣬ڿѾﵽս𼶱ֲ֪ܲܶԸëЦ


640 
ʥӦòֻ̤߽ҪûгսΪ֣ӦܹɱҶǳԳ
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һʮǿޣһ̤ŽţֶɱǾЦˡҶǳŵЦ
ѾǸл׷ɱҪأƵĻݵߡ
Ҷǳڴս۷徳磬Ϊս½ڶ̤ŽǿţѾһУЩս½ǿʥӡӶԿҲһЩˡ
ߣȥëһ⣬˺ס
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СɺСΪʵ㣬ڰߵȴ
峺Ҷǳ۾󣬾ͿһС
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ףôսϢѵͷͷ߲ṳ̂ս𾳽磿ëӦϢ󣬶ʱɵ
Ҷǳȴͫһ𾪵ǾͷߣʣʵϢϵϢ
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ȥ㣬û뵽ԼߣһЦؿҶǳ漴屩һƬӿˮ
ҶǳӭȥԱߵëȴһ˳ȥñүԿүצͲˬˣƾʲôΪʮǿ޵һ
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ʿëı壬ʱЩ;ȡ
ߣëһ˫ỮգѸնʣɢϢ
䣡̧צӭצ˺գһХë˫ײһƬ𻨣·ڽ
һһвϽ֣ʱڽֲ£˭Ҳκβ˭
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Ϊһս֤צʸλʮǿ޵һ
һ֮ҶǳͺһҲȥֳֺڽʡ
ߣҵܾˣʿҶǳʱ˫һƬ죬Ȼ뵽ԼҶǳһֻȣŭڣƲëɱҶǳ
䣡
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ǺǣҲбȼʮǿ޵šҶǳ΢΢һЦܹͬһսԼĸǿˡ
Сӣϻʲôɱ⣬Ѫëɳ۶˫ữնʡ
Ҷǳͷͬʩչ򽣹ڣ߶Ԫնһʡ
һһദֶ꣬򽣹ڣǳǵս
෴Ȼվ˫ȭѵִ֣Ĳˡ
ɶ񣡡
г˲ʺͷŭ
һҶǳë壬ȴޱȼɵ
Ҷǳëӵǳǿʺᡣ
Ǹҵţ漴ϵˣΪȥܳԿܲ


641 ͻ
ߣҶǳëû׷ΪʵٶȺܿ죬׷ϡңʵ󣬺ɱʡǱƵƴԼҲܲҡ
һﻹǽƻ򲻹ӣһʵȶûСëһĵ
ҶǳЦǺúǰ֪ԼΪԿ뿪ԺΪǱ𡣡
ߣΪҲᡣëţѾ䣬ָ츳ԼΪٶȻǰ졣
ȥɣֻͷѾɱˣҲʡǶ֣ϽСɡҶǳ˵ٶȽס
һΣСɡСҲŽˣϾ˭֪ûԶһڸССɾΣˡ
׶֮УҶǳǹȻһ߾ͷߵʬ壬ֻǲȱ˺ܶ࣬ȻǱʵʳԵˡ
ǳŨ񣬷·ģΧ޾ӵ
Ҷǳתر졷΢Ӧһ´֮ʱϲȻһӦÿԷС塣
һѪҺС棬үȥë˵
ҶǳüһҪô𣿲С岻ɡ
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ʮͻһ硭Ҷǳ԰࣬ʵ󣬼ʮ궼һ磬ǵʲôĹ¶
գҶǳǱŪһЩʥʥҩϣǵٶȻġ
СŮѲ𣿵ȳȥǾȥë
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Ҷǳ۾һһˣҲ𣬵ȷ˷ѣ˵ķ˲Ժá
ţСǾͳȥɮһ׼ôˡСʵ˵ֱɱʡë
ЩȲˣֻҪһҵΪͿͻƵսʾ磬ҲͻƣʱӶˡҶǳڴ˵


642 ְ
һº
׶ҶǳëСɡСǣΧԱߣɴ۾ۿ
ʱѾһЩѷ죬ϸСȴԽԽ࣬ͬ֩һ
ҶǳʱСҪˡ
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ˣĵƺʲôߵǡ
ȻСһҪˡ
ҶǳǶɴ۾ڴ
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飬һֻӲӵצӴ˳
һצԴ˳ŴԲ۾شܡ
С壡Ҷǳ۾һ
ʱСҲҶǳӶ˶ƺŵҶǳǹԼĪϵϢеְ֣
ҶǳϵЦݶʱסˣڳһƬ
ΪǵξѪĹϵСһ㵱ְְˡëһԴЦ
裡Сʱëе
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𣡡СһԴЦʮ㲻ϵش棬ЦĻ
СҲԱЦĴ
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и磡Ҷǳ
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үĻˡëԣʱЦ
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643 ʥ
õϢ֮ҶǳѾëֱӳȥ˷ѩǣȻٽ뺣硣
뺣֮ëȥתתҶǳȥҺˡ
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֪ҶǳϸϹˡ
ף֣ƺǿˡоⱬȻҶǳΪǹ޵ǿϢǿԸоĳġ
ҪǣҶǳʱֺΣյĸо
ǺǣҲǰѾﵽսʾˣҶǳǰĺ磬пټŬźò״ﵽսʾ磬ôƮƮ׷ˡ
Ǻҵǿʥӣõصͻʵ𵤶Եˣ̤սʾ磬ҾǷˡ
ЦЦ漴һؿҶǳǽ֣һȻҲܹô죬ʵǳҵ֮⡣
һЩˣҶǳûйؽ͡
ҲûжʣϾܣһǲܴģ׵ˡ
ˣλãǸս׼Ϲ򡮵ܲҲȥɣ˵ԳûõһЩôϾʵǿݺս½ǧ꣬϶вٱ漴˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦǴ¥õϢԲŸϻġ
ѽһԴ漴ԳĹϵˣ¥ļ̳ˣ൱սҵӣĹϵ϶Ѿ֪ˡ
ǺǣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ʵʲôӻ𣿡
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ǷֵżмֵҶǳ΢΢һݣ׻Ǳɱڿ׻Ϊ˴ˣԲŲòӳȻõ
Ǻмֵ˵ʷǰһλսǿߵĶֻǻΧûнżڲ󷨷˵ͷ漴Щź˵ϧҵʵȻҲȥ̽һ̽
ҶǳҲЩźҲȥ̽һ̽һλʷǰսĶô϶ӵ౦пӵѹЩӡʥǷ
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ҡҡͷӦòа񼶱ǿߣּǿ߶ǸսҵĹǻʯڣԪﵽ˼ޣҪ˯ӳһǴӳ˯ǵҲпս֮Ҫ䡣
ˣ񼶱ǿߣڸսҶ˵ģ򲻵ѣǲֵġ
꺣ĻҶǳʱȻ򣬺Գһ峤սΪ˶ΣԼǾ˯Ҳ޷ӳˣȥ
˵սҵĴ󲿷ְ񼶱ǿߣֻʣʮֻ꣬мˡ൱ڰֻ̤˹ŹأֻʣγֵĻᣬһһΣȻϧ
ʲôأëʱ˹
λǣ翴ëЩɻ
ҶǳܵҴһѣҲɢޣ͡гһ𹥴򡮵
Ŷԭˣһ֣ǵȻӭЦЦ漴ѯҶǳ𣿡
ģԿΣҶǳЦŵͷܹ⺣ĽϾһϢй¶áǰ֪ǿǻһա
ʵϣΪ˷ֹǰյϢսڵõɮһϢ󣬽һʱͶ׼ˡ
ҶǳëǸ溣ҵһˣֱӳ
ȵҶǳ߳ѾһƵĹųڣΧһƬӵʯݣϾɵķݣԶĳǽϣǲµĺۼ
ǳȻϾɣҶǳȴΧĽԼǸߴĳǽϣǳյĻԻ͡
ҪǣҶǳԴ˳ЩϤ·
ǡ
ȻҶǳǳصģʱһߴεӳĵƾɵԶûбˣֻһһǰɱ⡣
ȱΪʹս½صҲˣΨһǳصǰ
Ǳʥǡ


644 
ʥǣǺĳƺ
һǰǳغųһ۹أҲһǡ
ʱ򣬴˳Ƿǳ֣ս½ȫ֡
Ϊ˳ǿߣǧ޵ĵط
Ҷǳǧʱ䣬ǻ𣬾һСԣԴ˳ǺϤ
ս½Ϊĸ۹ռϷԭ۹ռݶµ۹ռݱ
һǰǱռݵģڴ˵ؽ򣬷ǳƶ񤣬ϡ٣ϡһƬ
ʥǣλıؾ֮·ԵŻǿڴ˽۹أֵޡ
ʱǷǳģֻΪеǿһս״ݻĵʹԴƶ񤣬һƬ
һսս񾳽磬˲أӽʮɽ
ʱʮɽЩ޸Ͼɱǲ֪Ϊ˻Ϊ̵ѧʵ

֣ʥǣǵǿߵֵ޴ʥءҶǳ˵ΪҶǳ֪˳ǡ
ҶǳԼǿߣ²ЩսҰɣ
겢ûκ֮ɫͷǰЩսңػûоʱĲпᣬǳѡǺҡҶҡ׼ҵڣΪսģǻܵĶݣѵս½ϵΣҶվߡ
ҶǳԲ÷ص˵ͷȴǲţҪִѣδػѵ¡
սȻҲǴ֮еģѾ壬סԼҵ֮УػûκΣ
ˣ𽥸߸ϣѾԼΪĺս½ϵΪˡ
ΪһȺȥƴƴ
ǰЩսңҡԼҡҡ׼ҡҵȵȣѾҶǳ𰸡
һǧ꣬ҶǳĿõҳû٣ҲĿ˼ҡԼҡ׼ҵȵȹر磬һЩѰǱӻķ赲⣬ƾ޲ɱ
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ʱ䣬ʮսˡ
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һսҵǿ߿λ֮󣬶¶𾪺ͲŵĿ⡣
Ȼǽӣ
ҵ찡ж˿ɮһŻƵǳһλӡ
̫˼ˣһλӣλһֱɮܶ˰ɡ

սҵǿۣ߰һĪ
ҶǳҲǵһολȫĺУɵѯԱߵĺ磺λɮҲһֱ𣿿ǺܾȰ
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ףλСֵܶԿɮһϤԱߵĺؿëһۣ漴ͷһλ񣬲ͬǣɮһ֮Ϊӣа񡣡
ԭˣҶǳʱȻԭһλѹڳô𺳡
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ڳ˶˵ͷξǿɮһֵģҡܲλãĿǰҲֻпɮһ֪˲֪
οɮһλһλӣڳΪߵģȻʸͷˡ
뿪ʥ֮󣬾ѯʵʦµӦÿԸǡܲڵλ˰ɡ
ǰΪ˷ֹϢй¶ԿɮһҲпԭѾˣй¶й¶ˣȺ˿Ҳתˡ
ԣ˶ؿ˿ɮһλһֱɮ
Ȼɮһɫѿ
λӣ˫̾Ϣһӷ𡣡
˲ɵøе֣ɮһ˲ƢܺڿЩƺ
Σһλһֱɮ˵ǵܲڴ죡
ʲô
찡
ôô

ʱһƬȻ
ڳ˶ˡ
ΪڳΪսסĵطͬʱҲ𽲵ĵطɮһʥء


645 
֮ǰһսݻ٣ʹ֮ΪһƬƶķ
ΪսԴ˸еźΣֻסڴ˵أʵʼ޲أʱڴ˽ǿ͡
ʱȻƲڴˣޱȵ֡
ʧҲͱϡˣϡֻսսڴ˵ص˱ԽԽ٣ˣ϶뿪
Ҷǳһ·˵٣ǴԹϵĲƴڣÿһҲһˣս½طЩ˿ڣǧ˿ڵĴǳأԵúܺˡ
Ⱥһ̫ˣȻҰѴܲǿ벻̡
һҪγ
Ҫɱ𣡡

ڵ֪ܲλǴ󣬶Եúܷ߿Ǻҡ׼ҡҶңǶغսңٶܹĶݣǶ𾴡
ҶǳҲΪʲôЩһƢܺõĿɮһĸɮΪκһˣʵҲֶθˣֱ൱ڰ˼ڵķĹܲ˭᲻
ʹҲͷŭһ档

һ˶Ǹ֣ս𼶱ĴڣһЩʥӣҲսʼʵҲ൱ս
һȺˣ·ٶȻܿ졣
Ǻܿͺأ˴졣
ʵ֮ǰĴܼª͹ӣʱֻһ޴Ĺ㳡һ̨Լ㳡һʯݡ
ʯסģ̨𽲵ĵط㳡Щǰǿ𽲵ĵط
ֻʧ֮Ϊ˼𣬲ʱص޴˵ء
Ҷҡ׼ҡңǴս֮ս񣬶Ĺ޴˵ء
ԣĴǳԻͺΰ׳ۣһȥ㳡ҲһƬһƬֻʱţĽﶼЩ绯ˣԵúƾɡ
ϾǿҲֵסµʴ
ʧǧڣս½໹ǵĹҼһλÿ춼Ҫʱ
ǼǧȥˣҲʼ𣬱ϾֻдҴҰһЩǿߣҲֻܻʱ䡣
񣬳һЩսҺһЩǿ⣬ս½ķ֮Ум֪Ĵڣ
ԣ˵Ҳʧޣưǧǰʱʢˡ
ҶǳӴ˵ؽĹģҲܹ󵽴ʢ
ûмģϾʧ֮½ġ
λʼɣַ˵أԲܷŹκһɮһһλһֱĸɮ˫ֺʮɫص˵
λӣһֱ˫Ŀû˵
˶֪ǲ׳ֵģϾӿҲСˣ˭ּ֪ܹΣɮһȻϧ
ʱλɮһһֱɮ֣սҵĳһ֣ͷųԵأһƬ˵ط
ҶǳõƬ챻ǿߵذһƬڡ
ʮλսǿַ¾ǰҲҪһʱܳȥɡ
Ҷǳпεˣôǿ߽٣ĸԵֵ
ǵӵȻܡ
棡
Ȼһλսҵĳ˫˫Ŀ֮жʱһɫĹâս˵صס
Ҷǳеȣ˾Ȼͫë֮ͬ
ëҶǳСӣϼҵˣֽ壬һǳϵսңʮʷˣǵͫǳԺСĵ㡣
ףҶǳͷҲɵӣܹʮʱ䣬̿϶ޱȻʵ¶ӽĴǿսˡ
˵ҶǳڶѾһǿսҺһлˣﻹսңɲŪĵǵˡ
ǶԷҲ顣
ʮռ䣬ǳ󣬼ֱһˡλĳٴ˵ɫЩغ𾪡
Ҷҵһλ˵˵ʮ˲㣬Ҳʮ˲㡣
ٲ㣿һشȥγ׼ҵһλЦ
Ȼδ䣬˱е´һҲ漴һ߾߽ʬʬ棬ɱ
Ȼ˷˵أôĶѾˡˡ
ʬʬһȺˣ
˶ְɣЩһʵУǵĲϲҲһջ񡣡
ڳսҵĳ϶ЩʬʬмһˣֱԼʥǶ֡
ҶǳëҲæ֣ΪЩʬʬֽ֮󣬶ƼƷĲϡ


646 
صӿֳĽʬʬȻ࣬ǵʵվǵս𼶱һսʥǰŲ˼оͱɱˡ
ֱһɱ
һսҵʥӣɨҶ̬ǳǿƵؽЩʬʬɱˡ
ҶǳëͬСɣ֣ɱ˲ٽʬʬõ˷ϡ
ЩʬʬƺҲ֪Լ޷סȺʥӣ㿪ʼ˻صصס
ߣɱȥһλսҵʥɱ۾ϷŹǣֱ׷һ߽ʬ˵صס
˼״Ҳصס
ҵҲȥɣսҵĳҲ׷׽صףϾǶԼҵʥӰΣ
ҶǳҲصס
ص׺ǲŷԼѾһռˡ
ŨЩɭȻֲ
Ӧǵһսҵʥӿ˵
ҲôΪϾ֮ǰλϼҵĳѾ˵ˣʮ¿ռ䣬ܿܶӦ˵еʮ˲
ЩǰʲôҶǳŲԶЩսҵĳΧһ𣬲ɵѯԱߵĺ硣
ʼ˭֪أҲоôɡ
ʱԶЩսҵĳѾˣһ˶˵Ǿˣʮ˲ڳսңһҸһļսͿɮһĸɮֱǰʮ˲
ȻЩϾһع̫ʱˣ䣬ֱӴ򵽵ĴӪʱá
ڳʥûʸʲô֮󣬶ҵĳϣʼĵ
ҶǳҲ溣ҵĳǽһ
ͬɭֲɵһƬʲôֻʶ̽
Ȼһֻֻ԰׵ĹֳҶǳץ
ߣŪ飡һλҵʥһֱӴ߶սƣݺݵһţƥսʱɨһֻֻ֡
иĹصף˵Ľץ
ҶǳһЦֱӷų𣬿ֲһʱһƬյЩʹŤֱð
һλҵĳ̾Ща֮пСѣЩ鷳ˡ
ǰģҶǳ˵ͷ漴ųΧһƬ֣ͬδ֪Ҳˡ
ҵһԵúɣҶǳߣ
أ
úһȺõޱڶͺӴ󣬵ƣ˺ܾõʬ壬һɢõʬζĴ̱š
ս𼶱ʬ壡ҵһλɫص
ҶǳЩģмپޣս𼶱ޣ˴ôǿʬ壿ЩɻͲ⡣
Щʬ壬һʶûУ˰ɡëһԲмǰЩ޻ǰֵֻͣʣ²Ƶĸʬ壬Ѫ͹ͷûˣȲЩʬʬֵߡ
ЩսߵģҶǳǣɱЩѡ
Ⱥʬ֮һƬ
úǿһƬȺѾԴһɱضҶǳˡ
ڿˣһλҵʥߵ
Ҷǳȴ͵ؿһˣΪӴϸܵϤϢһϢһǳʵϢ
ӦþǳʣëȻҲӦˣ˷ܵضҶǳСӣǵܺãȻʣǽȻɱ
а취𣿡Ҷǳɻ
ëŰ˵ֱӸ˵Ҫ֪Ҷǳ䣬͸϶ϵġ
Ҷǳ۾һ˵ˣڵҵ䣬ȷϵ
¡¡
ʱҵǿѾǰһȺ˴ˡ
˫ûжķϻϾǶ˼Ҽſˣ϶ưոݡңҲЩսҵǲŹǵģ˫ֻɱһֳʤС
ʣҪ֪ҶǳǾ͸ҶǳԳʴ
Զһһ͵ؿҶǳ漴ԥسҶǳ
˭֪Ҷǳ䣿ңҿһʴȵ
ҶǳëˣȺҵ˷ɢˡ
վסʴȵ
ҶǳëСɿ϶ͣסģǼˡ
оһǱҶǳҪԼû˿η壬Ϊս𣬶Сֻսʶѡ
ȻſԽҲţ̤߽ţͬսҵӣҲе
ˣʼ׷Ҷǳȥ


647 ˭û
Ҷǳͳʵٶȶܿ죬һһ׷ܿƲЩ˺ͺˡ
Ϊ˶ڼս˫Ҳûע⵽ǣϾôһսң˭йˡ
ȵҶǳ뿪ƬսԶ֮󣬾ͣסŲëСɣһŲԶĳʷ
Сӣ˼Ϊʲô˵ͬʱĴ̽飬û壬һʱ䲻ҽӽҶǳ
Ҷǳ״Цİɣû壬ˣǵĵ̣壬ҲǵŶԡ
Ҳԣǵĵ̣Щսҵ˴Ѹ٣Ӧû塣
£ضҶǳɭȻʵСӣֱ˵ɣҪβſϸңйҶǳ䡣
Ǻǣܼ򵥣ֻҪӮҾˡҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴̤Žһȭʡ
򽣹ڣëҲɱ˫罣նأƺȻ
𣡡СҲųɱ
һһһ֣ƥ
ǣʺη֮ɫɨһҶǳǣư֮ɫмֱ֪ߵغΪƾɱңΪҶҵľӰ
ȫҲү޷ˣɴ۾ëԴŭͷų˲𣬳ȴ˫֮⣬˵ҲչֳͬһֻԡˣξʮأһƬõĻ⡣
ɱëܷŭ˫񽣣ֱ˺ѿռ䣬ңңնʡ
ˣʵɴ۾Ȼëıһ£ڳֵֵһë˫֮мĽâɡ
𣡡Сɱ̧צǺʡ
ʴŭ֮³˸׼ˣ۷һͷսʼķ
ֻŭһгһѳֱƲ񷣬ǺƴƥĵâҵĹâޱҫۣһͽС˵ɳȥ
Сɣ˺󣡡Ҷǳȵ֪Сɵʵвʣʩչٶȼӿ죬ڳǰ
㲻Ҫ֪ҶǳҸ㣬ҾҶǳ
Ҷǳһֱʩչƣһ޴֣ɢҵĽɫâƥŶĳѹȥ
ƣȻ㣬Ҷǳڡ𾪣漴ŭɱҶǳ
䣡
һʩչҶǳĿֲҲýɫӲˡ
ôܣ
ŵصɴ۾Ҷǳ𾪵սʶѣȻʵѵҲ̤˾Ž򣡡
ʵô̤򣬿֮ǰ߿һۡҶǳЦһ֮ɫ
ëҲеЩ֣ʾȻֻ̤治֪ôշġ
ߣСĿǳô֪ҳʵǿ󣡡ʱҶǳһ󳰷ʱ¶Ǽʶһҵڤħ𣡡
һ䣬϶ʱðɫ棬ɢޱаϢҶǳë
ëϻȻеˣһĹڤħõĺǿǿ̤߽򡣡
Ҷǳ۾һУЦҲ˵ûвֻ̤ѡ
ÿСӣ𶼲ǻǲ֪ߵغ񰡣ǿǿɡŭЦ߶ڤħƬ򣬽Ҷǳëڴ˵ء
ȻҶǳëһĲм֮ɫóֲõԤС
һɫ
Էǰ׳գȻҲڤħǿ϶ֶΡ
һ̣ʾˡ
ëϳܵķ˲𣬳ǰƵֵסʵڤħ
˵ӵһ𣬽˲ӦþɡʿëųĻȻԵסԼڤħ𣬶ʱ뵽һϵĴ˵ɫ
ëЦΪֻӵҶСӣɡ
ţѵСҲôܣתͷҶǳЩš
ڴʱҶǳϳֻ棬һ̫һһǺ
ۼһǵصسų棬һӾͽڤħˡ
𣡡
ʲô
ʼ״۾Ӷɳˣ֮ɫ
ʲôʱôֵǮ
޷һ˾ȻͬʱӵѵԱ


648 ʵ
ҶǳһԴݿһ̬ǿƻ˳ʵڤħúĪ
һγһǿ򣬷Ǵ֮еˣҪܵѹơ
ʱʩչڤħ̤߽ȴû뵽ڤħ𲻹ãԼܵҶǳѹƣʹս

ɫһ䣬ӼٺˣҪӳҶǳַΧ
ȻҶǳΧ̫ˣҶǳٶҲܿ죬׷ųʣú޷ӳķΧ
ڤ
ʴ֪ԼӲˣתͷɱҶǳս߶˼ޡ
Ͳţһս𣬾ȻвһССսʡ
ʵˣҶǳһʩչơժ֡Ԫնһߴ߶һѼƷΧʣú߲ˣԵֵ
ԱߵëҪҶǳˣһԹսˣҶǳǰչëɵðࣺСԽԽ̬ˣ£ż갡û뵽үеľٶ塷Ȼһ̬
ȻǸҶǳߣҲҶǳĳɳ
ӵ걻лĴ׷ɱСҶǳѾܹԽӭսսˣѾս½۷ʵˡ
ɱ
ҶǳսܣԽսԽͣеĺڽųһҫ۵Ľ⣬սڶӽ³ҵĽâóʲˡ
䣡
޾չ֣һɫĴ˫ֺʮЯƥܣųѹ
ˢ
ժһеǳȻʧɫ޾ǹ䣬һֻ޴գǲ񷣬ųץ
ݣ
һѰѼƷһʼųҵĽ⣬û
ҶǳֶشʣúߴѪˡ
ŭԼսܣһǰҶǳС
ҲҺò޻Ǹͺ¿ķӡһһҪΪս񣡡˻ţȫĵֿ
ûãҶǳ̤Ž򣬲ʹսﵽһֲֿĳ̶ȣѳѹƵġ
ҶǳҺƴˣ
ŭţ֪ԼˣһҧиŨŨԹ֮ɫ
һ̣ڵڤħԼΪڤħϣʹڤħֲܡ
ĺǳԼȱڤħˣ֮ڤħӿֲӺƴ󣬾ȻҶǳ򽩳סˡ
Сӣڣڤħ𣬱ү㻤ëԶѵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷæʩչ塷ʼڤħ
ʵҲ֪ԼˣҪҶǳ汳ȴôҲõҶǳҪڤħֱĺô
Ҷǳ壬ʼڤħֻڤħЩǿЩѡ
Ѿİ£ڤħҲʲôˣҪɡ
ʱţһʱʱʱ
ڣҶǳڤħˣΪڵĵĸ
һ̣Ҷǳڤħİ£һӴС⾳۷壬ԽԲ磬ֱ̤˲֮硣
ͬʱҶǳΪҲһͻƿﵽ˰սʾ硣
Ϊ˫˫ʹҶǳʵǿһֲĳ̶ȣ̲סһХռ䶼ڲ
Сӣоôë˹´ǰҶǳȻںҶǳͬǰսʾ磬ҶǳĸоȴǺΣգ·Ҷǳ׾ٵؾܽɱ
ʹ죬ǿ󣡡Ҷǳ΢΢һЦгţﵽ˲֮磬Ǹʶ൱ˣҵΪҲﵽ˰սʾ磬˫˫֮£ҵսƶӽЩսҵˡ
ëЩսҵһս𣬲Ҳ̤˰˽츳ǿȻ̤˾Ž򣬵ҲҪӵоսʵΪܹǿ⡣ﵽ˲֮磬һǿ̫ˣֲһεĲࡣ
Ǹҵӻ٣ҾԲ񵱳޻֮ˡҶǳо˸ںڴǸҵӻ٣ϾԼ㱻ɱڻ
ǺǣŬһ£ȡﵽսʾ磬ʱǾͿԽЩսҵˡë
Ҷǳսڣͷһ죬ѾȺܾˡ
Ҷǳǵõһν뺣ʱֻЩսҵӡ
ѾﵽЩ˵ĸ߶ˡ


649 ŭ
ɱʣڤħ֮ҶǳëѰԭ·ϻȥ
ʱĺս˰Ȼ˫ʧֻҵʵǿһЩֻʧ˼һʥӡ
ҶǳëСɵļ룬Щ˱㿪ʼڽڰˡ
Щ˱ҵһһնɱ
֮ҹơ
ߣȥʮ˲˻ʦҵĳϴһӣֱǰʮ˲
ʱʮҲ̱Щսҹơ
˿ʼʮ˲ʦ
ҶǳеЩ֣⡮δʵҲ̫˰ɣɵѯë
ëˣʵǿĲЩۻˣһЩˡСӣ뿴ܵս½ĴѹƵǲòڰУʲôԴĸԸְյԣ㿴˵ЩۻˣǼһūͣǿߣЩٿʬһǿꡣ
Ҷǳص˵ͷ
ʱѾʮ˲һ̤Ǿ͸ܵ˾ҵ
һؿǰȻмҵսĵ涼ڲ
ҪĸˣҶǳĿ
˳սķȥ
úǿʯײзɶЩɮһǿߣսҵǿ߼ս
·㲻ߣ㴳ЩˣҪڴ˵ءһɭһʯ֮д
ӷ𣡡ɮһһֱɮ˫ֺʮĬţ漴ŭؿǰһʯףŭȵս½Ȳ˼ҲˣȻմʥش죬ֱ޿⡣
𣿹һǰϼһͷ¶ɻˣʲôƨʥءһʯڴЦ
ɮһһֱɮŭֻȫ䣬һƺǰսӿһɫĴЯƥܣȻײǰʯס
ƣҶǳϳϤʽ
ƣʯڣһЦΪӵս𣿡
䣡
һ䣬ʯ˲䱬飬߳һߴӰɢаϢһɳҵĵâųɮһһֱɮ
һǳֲƺҪг롣
ħŵ
ʯ֮߳˷ǳֲͷ׷ɢͬһеĵҲƷһ㣬ϵʹӰܲء
һֱɮȥĽɫ𣬶˸һķ顣
Ƿħŵҵս
Ǻҵһλȱ

ΧһЩսҵǿ߾
ߣȴһɫ
һλҵĳϣǰǸɮһһֱɮս˹۲죬漴Ȼϳŭ棡Ⱥ쵰ԭʬȻǸߵģҹ塣
˳ȥҲʩչħŵ伤ս
λɮһһֱɮ״ֻϾǺ˵ĳԹԼΪ
ԭʬǺҵ氡ѹֻôǿҷǳϲ˿Цһںҧгݡ
Ⱥ쵰սȭͷ˫Ŀ
ҶǳΪʲôЩսҵ˶ˣʵȺһ̫ˡ
ǰĵڲٿԼڵʬԼսˬ붼޷ܡ
棬˵塣
үү㡭Ⱥ쵰
棬ҼĹȻǸġ

ʱһЩǿߴʯ֮гڳս˿Щĵǿߣʱһŭ
Ϊܶ˶ϳЩ˵ģǼһЩȥȱ
һëһĻҲɵҡҡͷ
ѹֵƹһ˺ɱȺһ̫ˣûһսûǵĹɡҶǳҲࡣ
εĶʮսңȱʯڳսǿ߶ˣһŭڡ
ҵս˲䱬
ӷ𣡡
ɮһҲŭˡ
Ϊǰļʯը߳ŴֲµĺУһüĿֻźɢżаϢ
ҷȱ
һֱ˫ĿĽ۾һ漴ǰһƺҵĽɫӡһ޴ޱȵĽɫ񣬽ǰļʯ֮߳ĺ÷顣
λߺãӷ𣡡Ĭһš
ԵƮƵǸղųֵһ˲䣬ȴõǱߵǿ𾪲ѡ
ǽӣ
񼶱ǿߡ
ǾȻǿߣ

ǿһ󾪻š


650 
һ֣ʱڳĵǿ߸סˡ
񼶱ǿߣս½۷Ĵˡ
ûĻ˭һ񿹺⣿
ǱɵĽ
ߣ
һڵǿĻҵʱһ˶
һ̣һаϢϯ
ӽ٣ҵԣĳҡһľףһɺ
ɭĻ֮ľ֮д
ɫһݣǸܵһɱĺʵСʥӣ̲ס˸
ëҧгݵصǰǿľףиֳŭĻ棬ԶҲ
Ҷǳһ𣿡
˭ëߵ
ʱҲɫصضǰľף˵Ӧþǵɣ
ĳĳֻǿصһʹӶѣˣǴ˵ϵ񡣡𵭵˵
ԽЦǾǹŪ飬ֻǴ˵еĴڣʷ϶ûмأսҪƮ죬ûŻ
ǵҲţǾֻڳƤŪˡ
ҵȱʬ壬ҵȱ֮飬Ļ֮ʱһλսҵĳϵǰľŭȵ
ľ֮ڣЦֻǶѣţȻʲô
˵գֶԿɮһ˼ǿɮһ𷨣ѵжִڣǵķҲǰѧˣҵĵɡ
ӷ𣡡˫ֺʮ˵ȷֻһǣ١ٻҵȻִǵ˲ٿʬǾݡ
ʲôֻǰһЩ»ҰҾߺʵѣھˣǳ˵һʤ߼㿴ǣ֪Ҿ˶ˡЦ
һȺ»Ұѣʲôˣħͷսҵĳŭȵ
Ҳ˵㵱ǾˣҵȻ⣬ҵЩ»ҰǶӯ֮ȻԳǵʹӣǾӦ֪Щ»ҰӦµǼս½
ǱѾǵһԱˣֻΪ˰£ʱ˼ˡ𵭵Ц
ҵһλʦϻʲôˣѾӯˣʦٸߣҲ޷л
ӦֱɱˣٻҵȱӢ顣ҵһλҲ˵
ɱ
ݻٵ

һսҵǿ߷׷ŭȵ
ңǼ֣ɱǿߡ
Щʬ嶼ǵȱû飬ϾЩʬ屻ãֱӽݻ٣Ҳõ˼ȱ֮顣
ҲˣǰľףϽ䣬ͬһɫĴƻְֺ硣
ȻִԲǾͱ飬֪ҷвһŭ
ŽӺƵķնʱɫĹâһɫ̫â䡣
ǿɮһĽղ˵ɴ˽ޣҲޣĳԿǲǽͽ
˵գ߶ľɱ
ľ𶯣;ƿһǣʱںڵаϢ¶ĺգסƬء
ˢ
ڰ֮УڵһƬɭĵâΧ޾âնӡ
ӷ𣡡
˫ֺʮ漴нⱬ䣬˫ǰųлսͬһӱڶ
䣡
ɫľ޷ڲ֮£ɢ޾ĳҹâľײ
أڵо޷𣬱һɾ졣
һ̣һƺ漴ˣľ֮Ǵ
ӣҲͬнǰľף¶һĨ֮ɫľľ׾Ȼȫóľɣѹܹ˯ǧɱ۷ս
ʲôǳľ
찡ǿľѵȫóľ𣿡
ôľףǳľĻǵƳټʥ

һսҵǿԣĿɿڴһš
ҶǳҲˣתͷëʵ磬㿪ۿһľĶóľƵ𣿡
ëҡͷ˵ǿڶ࣬ǿۣᱻǷֵġңλǶɽʧܵİۣͬܿģȻ˵ľȫóľƵģôӦġ
ô೤ľҶǳԣľףһƬȡ


651 ̽
Ͻ𡢳ľˮȪǣ
Ʒϣë˵ģҪʥرĲϡ
ֻҪõκһëΪʥĺڽΪʥ
ʥҶǳ޺׼ʩչҪİʥǿ˲֪ٱ
ҶǳԴҲڴ
ϧȻëʦҲĲϣΨеһ
ڣǰ𣬾Ȼݳ޵ô೤ľһľףҶǳʵ۾ˡ
Сӣ취һֻһײİ壬Ҳ㹻ʥˡëг̰֮ɫ쵰Ȼôĳľүô֪ѵռ𣿡
ҶǳԿЦҲǣʵȻﵽ˰񼶱𣬸Ӳ£Ҫǳȥǲ𣿡
СӣйȵȴᣬǽӲǺǵģδӮңô೤ľڴˣЩսҾͲĶ𣿡ëЦ
ҶǳԿЩսҵĳϣȻһ۾Ź⣬ĿȣȻڿǿľס
ϾսҵʥҲǺܶ࣬ÿսһʥ
ԣڿôһľ֮ǶĶˡ
Ҫ֪ôĳľٶƳϰټʥˣǶôӴһʲƸ
콫֪ͨ
ȥźţ
ô೤ľԲܷŹ

һսҵĳ϶ڵԼҵʥӷźţ֪սҵļ
ҶǳսҶʥ뿪ǰ棬ȻͷųһźŹֱս½Ͽա
Ҷǳ̲ס˵󣬵Щսҵļ֪Ϣ󣬿϶ǿߡ
ëЦƲ¶ףŹͷ
Щսҵǿ֮Ǿ͸ѻóľˡҶǳüͷЩǡ
ëɫ⵹ҲǡȻˣǰĴӪҲʲôȼ糤ľıڡ
Ҷǳ۾һͷǴҲû£͵͵ȥ
ʱսЩսҵǿҲЩǿ߼ֻʣһȺսҵʥӣҶǳһԹս
ҶǳëҪȻȥȻܣΪΧȺսҵʥӡ
Ǹո߳Զͱˡ
֣ȥʲôЩֵʵ
Ҳвսҵʥӿ˹
Ҷǳ״ֻʵʵ˵ȻˣĸӦöˣ׼ȥϳҲЩ
ҿôû뵽㣿۾һ漴Ҷǳŭ֣Ҳ̫˰ɣֺ£ȻԼһ͵ȥҲҡ
ҶǳЦ˭֪ǷΣգҿûʥӵӴԴֻԼȥðգˮ
ʲôҺҲ̰ĵС֮һȥ˵գΧĸսʥ˵ȥȥҪȥһȥ˶࣬ҲиӦ˵ĸ֣Ҳһʱ䡣
ãȥȥ
ˣĸӦöڴ˴ʲôˡ

һսҵʥǶЩĶҶǳһǰ
ν˶׳ڳôʥӣкξ壿
Ҷǳëֻܸһˣǡ
ë˵İɣЩ˵ʵ㣬Ҫʲôѵûаһᵽ𣿡
ǺǣҶǳ¶ŵЦݡ
ڵʵӽЩսҵˣսҵǿʥǰҲģοǰЩʥǣΪߵҲͰսʼôҶǳĶ֣
һ˳ȥǵľٶȻҲЩֵע⣬ǶûҲ޷ϾǶսҵǿ߸ǣסˡ
ҲӸסˣȲεĶ֣ôҷģ
ҶǳǾͨصִԽɭаϢǳŨ
ң˵صĺǳŨޱȣ۾Կǰ
Ҫǣ˷ԼʶҲЩɫŨ赲޷֪̽Χ
Щأ׷׼ٶȣСǰ
ףʲôζ㰡ȻһλսҵʥӾȿڡ
ҶǳӶ˶ҲʵһζܶصζԽԽţ̲ס˼Ρ
Сӣס߶ʬħζжë۾һɣæҶǳ
Ҷǳɫһ䡣
ڴʱΧһЩսʥ۾ˣȻƷһɱΧͬ飬ʱѪɽһƬ


652 
ܣʲô𣿡
磬尡ΪʲôҪɱң
࣬Ұ㵽ô

ʱһƬҡ
һսҵʥӣԼߵ˺ȻԼ֣ЩԼֵܣϲˣԸӦͱУһҽţг˲ţƺû뵽Լܵ˾ȻԼ֣һ˲ء
ĶҶǳһĻʱˡ
ͬʱҲоӿֳһɱ¾˼־ǿޱȣټľﵽ˵ڶ㣬ɾͽɱ¾˼ѹˡ
ߣʬħʬԱߵħԽǿʬ壬ʬħԽҿС־ˣľΪȻҲˡëߵ
ľΪȻûʲôսǹؼʱ̻Ǻܹõģ㿴ҵˣûеġҶǳΧȥֺҵʥǣȻɫ˱䣬ûС
ΪҵʥӶˡľǵľΪܸߣҿѹͷħ
սҵʥӣһЩ־ǿĻֵܹƬ̣Щ־Сģ˲䱻ʬħˣɱˡ
Сĵ㣬ǧζʬħɢζܹ˵ǣ˲þ˭ˣֽƷȻȥ֮Ǹҵĳȡ

ϳζѸսҵʥӡ
ԭʬħг˵ħ
ɶȻʬħ󡣡
ϻǵʬ嶼͵ﲻ֪˶ʬ壬ܹʬħ

һʥǶѾʼסȻ׷֣ԱЩ˵Ʒ
ҶǳëҲְһЩսҵʥӣȻ׼Һлҳ⣬Ӯ˲սʥӵĺøУύ˲ʥӡ
ЩƷʥӣ˸ˣʣµˣǰ
Ȼɲģ̽
úǿһƬĹÿһĹ϶һʬħһȥгǧʬħ
ζŨң˶ǣһҲҺ
öʬħ󰡣˴п
תͷҶǳ֣ܴܲݻЩʬħЩħţʼһʹ˻ٵ
ԿɣҶǳ̫аħĿǣȫԽݻ٣õǽݣֻʩչ𣬲ʹ̫
վǺҲǳֲǹɫĻҶǳϯȥʱǰһƬʬħ󸲸ǡ
ǽ磡
˵ӵк𡣡
ÿֲ

һսҵʥӶҶǳ
ɫĺҶǳȫˣеһɫͷų𣬱ϢӣΧ¶ֱ
ؿõǱ𸲸ǵʬħ󣬶˱飬Ϊҳš
ǰһƬʬħ󣬽Ƭ֮䣬ͶҶǳݻˡ
˳Ժһڿֲûκζ֮󣬶ʱЦǽѾûʬħζˡ
ҲΪˡ
л֡
һЩսҵʥӶҶǳ¶Цݡ
ֻ׼ҺлҵʥһЦ֮ɫ
˼ǰ̽ǿһ޴ĺɫɭֲ͸аϢ
ںɫԱߣһʯѪɫ֡
˶ʱףӦþǵܲҲϳˡ
˷Χо޴ɫһ󷨣ҷǿ
սҵʥ̽ԹǰĺɫΧһƬĻסĹ
һȺƾǣҲ빥󷨣ǼİСͻȻһĳ
˭սҵʥŭȵ
ҶǳǰĺɫֻһӰӺɫ߳ǶꡢӣǳᣬԵó
Ҳǵˣ£սҵʥӶǰЩꡢʵ
ǾЩ֣ΪЩꡢ겢ûдŵеĺۣǴͳһĵɫ·ؿڻš֡
Ǻǣǵȷǵˣǲ£Ҳûʸǵͷֻǵʹ߶ѡһЦһư֮ɫһսҵʥʱ˼Ͳмֱָ̬߰һ
ҶǳЩ֣оЩ˵ƺЩϤ
ȻҶǳ۾һУЩ˵ʣͺһμսҵӵʱһЩսҵӵǣڿʱҲĸ̬߰
ֻһΣսҵӵָ̬߰Щһ߸ϵսʥܵˣ


653 
һսҵʥǣԹĻڵһȺǲˬʱսҵӵܣᱻСˣ
ǻǵһ飬ǰս½أ˭ǣ
ڣǰһȺǣȴǺεؼЦǡ
ʲôŵģһȺĽѣǼ峤֮Ҳ·һһսҵʥ̲ס̹Ļڵˡ
ϣĻڵ֮󣬽ǺȻЦ
ңЦĺףеЦĴ棬еЦŶӡ
ͷ·ʲôЦһ
ҶǳɵüͷԱߵĺ˵Щƺе㿴ǵЦݣȫǼװģ˵ţˣƺû˿η֮ɫ
ҲˣЩ죬ѵΪܹסǣοĿԱǣѵǾһӶ𣿡Ҳɻ
ʱлҵһλʥЩܲ˹ĻȺǵķӦȵǹûУΪװɵĵľҸǣǵע٣˭ҲȲǣʶĹԹԳ
£ĻһԴЦоһƬ
һ̷꿴лҵʥӣһЦΪ󷨣Ų׵ظ㣬Ϊ󷨵ĴڣȺܹվҵǰԲѣĻܹˡ
ƿЦгš
һսҵʥӲôΪܹóĻڵȺǵΪȲǡ
ЩǣսʲΣһﵽսʵĶûС
ЩǣսΣǱһսҵʥǸˡ
ֻлҵʥŭЦҿԲѵŶԣ㲻սʶѣǰţ㿴ҵΪҸ㣬Ѿǰսˡ
ΪǿڳһʥӵжĴڣȻҲôš
սʣ̷֮ɫЦǺøߵΪСķƲȫÿֻܴﵽŸΣţ㿴ĻǵİսӦý൱İս
˵˵
лҵʥߵ㿴ˣķˣװɵ
ҶǳȴһȻëҲ˵жЩ졣
磬һҶǳ
ëҲһﲻڿЦ˵ÿֻܴﵽŸΣô˼ÿ粻ֹоŸΣСÿﵽƺ֤һ㡣
Ҷǳƺս½ˡΪģ磬ѵһ½𣿡
үҲŪͿˡëҡͷ
ʱĻڵȺٶȴЦ
һ˿̷Ц֣ȺСǺǵĻˡ
Ǹ̷ʼ磬̯˫ֵСˣ죬Ϊֻһ磬ֻеǽӴ߲ε磬ǲŻԼĵطֻһСѡЩڴеĸ߲飬עܹġ
ϧǺòȴǱ赲ȻĻȥѵһ٣֪ʲô죬ˡ˵󷨵սǿ󰡣ĺǳƵС硣
̷ЦǲƵС磬Ҳŵźϡ٣ȱݣҪΪս֮󣬲ֲȱݡ
ĻڵԹ˵ؽ̸һҲˡ
һսҵʥüͷ壬ǲǱôãҲ𽥷֣ĻڵˣƺЩͬ
Щķ˵ĻôҲ̫˰ɣķ
Ҷǳţ粻ţҲš
գҶǳ̲סˣߵĻǰǰĶ̷꣬ʵǵ˼ƺս½ˣˣ
һսҵʥһȻЩ²⣬ûҶǳôֱӡ
ĻڵˣҲҶǳˣ
̷꿴ҶǳЦ˵ǵл˵ģôҪ֪ǵ𣿡
ǲǿѵҸǵҶǳ˵
̷ҡͷЦü֪Ҿ͸㣬ûʲô˵ġ
ϴҶǳ˵
̷ЦǵȷСˣţҲǳ֮Ϊս½ǽΪС硣ʵϣƬ򣬻вս½һС硣С֮ԽС磬Ϊ̺ķȫ½ǷȫĴ硣


654 ½
һսҵʥԣһƬȻ
ǰȺǣȻĲս½ˣһȺߡ
޷ܵǣս½ֻһȱС硣
лҵʥţŹĻڵĶ̷꣬ŭȵҪԻڣЩĹ£ս½ܹ飬ôǷȱС硣
ǺǣЩأ̷ЦҿԸ㣬һսһǧ꣬սԪǧ꣬ϼһǣԪӳһǧꡣս½ȱֻܵһսҲս½սһǧʧԭǶǸܵԪ޷ͻƣԲ뿪ս½Ҫ߲εĴ硣ϧޱߣһЩ͵ȼսû·ָǸ޷ҵģеý˴磬Ǹ˿˱ǿ֮С
̷ĻڳĪ
ҶǳҲˣЩսʧԭ
ս½µܣ
ⲻܣ
лҵλʥӲҡͷŶ̷ĻŹĻڵ˻Ƿӣں˵˵ս½Ų˵
Ǻǣ֮ܣʵûУ̷겻мɨлʥһۣ漴ǰҶǳ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ϴҶǳɫ
Ǻǣ־ľΪҲȺﵱӦǶϧƵСˡ̷ѵóҶǳһ䣬漴˵½ǳս½һ򱶲ֹս֮⣬һ˺߱еطпռ䴫󣬿ԿԽﴫ͡
½ֹһ壬岢档Ǻǣս½ûս񣬵½սȴǺܳģҸױһλһս񡣡
ˣǵϵһÿ綼ʮΡ֮ÿֻھŸΣǾΪڵ編ȱȫǼֻܹɵһ硣

̷һʶ򡪡½Ĵڡ
ɺš
ϾЩϢʵ̫ˡ
ֻҶǳ̤ʮǼԲžǰ̷˵ġ
û뵽һֱս½ȻֻһȱС簡ëһп
Ҷǳʵ˵Ķ𣿡
ʮа˾ģ˵СӲ̤ʮֻû뵽ȻǣѹЩ˿ս½ˣԭͱǿ󡣡ë̾
ҶǳĬƬ̣漴֪̾ûа취ֲǵĲ࣬ȻĻǺЩ˶ϣԴġ
ǺǣСӺֻǵĲ࣬ǺǿǵĲ࣬һÿǣ֪ʲô𣿡ë̲סÿǣүսʣǾ˾ǰһͬˣүҪǸܡ
˵ҶǳëʱЩսҵʥǣҲ֮С
硭½ÿʮСΡ
һϢڳÿ˶Ҷǳë˲ЩϢ
һЩʥӣǸŶ̷Ļ
лҵһʥŹĻڵĶ̷ŭȵں˵˵˵ӦúСŶԣǵսǿôûһȺˡ
̷국ЦСʲôһƵС磬ҩϡ٣ֵߣȱСռܲȶԽǿԽ޷׽٣ֻΪѣ֮⣬Ҳ뿴ʲôӣԺǴͨС󣬿ԽһЩӴ½ȥΪǵҪ
Ҷǳȵǵѵ½Ҳһеأ
̷Цǵ½һֻбǵһλϷ֣ȻΪͽڸһЩս½չѡ
ҶǳԺëһۣǶ𶯣ȻֻǵһСɫʵ̫ˡ
Զ٣Ⱥ쵰ڴʱŭĺ
ҶǳëתͷȥʱһǱӰһײİ壬ֻʵ˵ء
𣡡ëˣʱҧгݡ
Ҷǳȴһ֮ɫǿľأôֻʣһײİˣĲأ
һ׷ҶǳͶʱˡ
Ϊʱ׷ˣʮȫɢŲȽѷɫǿϢȻǶǰ񼶱ǿߣѹֻƵֻʶӣľ׶һ֡


655 ֮
ʮλ񼶱ǿߣʵ̫ˣҶǳǵһμôİͬʱҲܵЩսҵĿ£ÿҶа񼶱Ĵڡ
Ҳǰ񼶱ǿߣվս½۷壬еսңעҪߣ˯ľ׶˴룬ֻʣһײİˡ
Сӣÿëѵ
ѣҶǳ˿ѾԶȥ˭֪ӹ󣬻᲻˳ֽ
ЩսҵʥǣҲԱߡ
Ҳмӵģֻɱú׷սҰǿߴŭ
ΧңҲԴСɱӽ˹ĻڣʱˣһЦؿŽӽ˵صʮλ
Ӷǰ󷨣Ȼɫһ䣺õģôﲼ󷨣
֮УܵϢ
ȷϢԺҵһλüͷ˵
İҲͷǶǰ񣬶ӵۣܹ͸󷨵
ߣǲµòͺ¿õ󷨡ڹĻЦ
ƣӳŹǰ󷨣񼶱սһƴȥضһնŤ
ҵĽɫâƬؼʮ˲
ԶҶǳˣ̲ס۾ʵâ̫ˡ
ȻâɢȥǰĹĻȱ
ĻڣЦͺ¿սжǶһܿѾﵽ˶ս񾳽磬Ϊܻ𣿡
û˿ŭ˫ֺʮޱߣҵȻ磬׼һӶ𣿡
һӣǺǣȺ֮ܣ֪ս½⣬и߲ε硣Լ
ţӲɵüͷȻҲ֪½Ĵڡ
ʱԶһЩʥǣԼҵİǿ߷ȥ
棡
̫ϳϣ
үү

ЩʥǣԼҵİǿ¶֮ǰ̷˵ĻЩŶ̷꣬ԭԭ˵˳Щȥжϡ
ͬҶǳϣЩ֮󣬶¶𾪺ͲŵĿ⡣
ĻڣǴʧɫı飬ʱسЦսҳ⣬֪ս½ֻĲ׺һڣи߲ε½ǲһȺڲСĿˣһȺѣǲǸоܲˬĽֻһЦѣ½һսڣսңʲôǵ˵½սҡ
ʮλΪȻ𾪣վǰ񣬻˼꣬־ͼᶨޱȣᱻ仰
ӷ𣡡Ӹһţ漴һп˵ĲǰȷǾ֮ܣֺγǾ֮ܣˣҲս½һԱ
ߣǰǵˣҿʱǰ½ߵɫпռͨͨ½ֻĿǰƣֻսµ˽ǲǺܺΪʲôҿԴǧΪ½еҩȫҵԪ
˻һڳʮλһϾǶһȺ֮ˣҩǵջ̫ˡ
׼ҵİ񵱼˵ܹΪǴҩ׼ҵĳԹһʹ
ʩ㡭Ȼؿ漴ֿĶĿ⣬ʱһ̾
û취ֹҩЩջ̫ˡ
ܹõҩЩԻڶлս֮λ˭Ķ
ȱʬ壬ڿԳΪսľ޴ջǰʲô
һȺĵļһëƲ
ҶǳȻѵҪˣɴϾ͵ǵжԵģҲС
ĻҶǳ˿
ֻЦȺ棬ҪõҩҲ̫˰ɣȻ½кܶҩҲޱȣǿûʸʹáܹҩΪҿԽ󷨣ܹΪס
׼ҵİ߳ŭͷ˵ˣȴǶԷһ󳰷ɵŭȵ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ½ǿս񼶱ǿҲƬս½սǶĴڣһ»Ұǿˡ
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ǺǣǾĿԴɣҲЦ
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ȥս̨һڹĻߣһڹĻǱߣö԰֡
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Ҫ㣬̤ս𾳽磬㼴Ҳ·һҶǳ
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659 
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661 
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ս½ˣһֱΪս½Ψһһ磬ȴС಻ʤ֮и߲ε硣
Ǿ֮ܣһ㣬Ⱥ½˵û
Ȼ֪һ㣬ôҶǳһĿ꣬һҪǰ磬Ǹ߲ε硣
Ͼ˾ʣҶǳԸս½Сط
Ҫܹõͺˡ
ҶǳԲԴĲ۲
ΪŹСûгΪսǰȫȱݣЩǰ½СˣҪ벹̣Ϊı
ϧŹǲ̵ĺĹǳΪ̵洫ӣȻԻõġ
Ҷǳֽ֪׶Ҫõڳ˵Σʵ
֪ǰ½ΨһͨǺɫǿ߹Ŀռͨҽȥ
˵һ𣬾ûͨͨģҶǳȻôҴ½
ңҽ½Ҫ벹Ҳס
ǱȵҪǿĴ½ǶĽɣ½ŶҪ벹̣ҶǳһȱݵˣùЩ½
˵ֻҪ˲ֲȱݣÿһֲȱݵˣܳΪǿߡ̵ҲɵӣһǱδ֪ˣֱЩûȱݣѾ¶ǿ츳½š
ǰ·ԶⰡҶǳ̾˿ֻʵʵʲôʱΪս취ǰ½Ȼ취벹̣Ψһеļƻ
գҶǳҲٵʱ䣬ʼȭһսܹӳǿǿʵȻܷ
ȭ;ףƻҪʤһҶǳԽԽϲͷ겢ûнսܸߵľ磬򵱳ԷȭͲôˡ
ȻҲͷӵսйأս½ˣЩսҵӵܣֻһսȻỨһȥȻĺ
ͷ½ţӵеսкܶ࣬ôܻ˼еս߾磬Ҳûôʱ䰡
ϾǻҪҪ飬ԣֻѡиԼƥսصսֻˡ
αҶǳʱصȭӵǿܿˡ
䣡
ҶǳʩչոѧĽȭ
һȭӳȫѪڣ͵ȭϻս˴ĿĽ⣬һֽɫպգâɣ硣
ͬʱҶǳоԼÿһ缡⣬ÿһͷں·ܵһĥһ㣬øǿˡ
Ȼսҵ˻ȭһĥãԽԽǿҶǳеޱȾϲ
ǲȱ壬ټôȭֲȱˡ
ʱھŽǰһСΣøǿˡ


662 
ʹ죡
̫ˬˣ
Ҷǳ˷ܵĴ𣬻Ѫֱ̣ͬϣѪҺƷڵҽӿȡ
ԶԶۿҶǳͻᷢҶǳͬһֻαһǿϢͷ·һֻ޴ʷǰһ㡣
Сӣڹʲôë߳ҶǳŰ۵
㿴Ҷǳ΢΢һЦӿռָóȭؼë
ţսëһʱһϲĵȻһսͼҵ˻ȭ൱ѹСӻô˷ܡⶫԱүûãүǰ򽣹ھˡ
˵գëȭؼҶǳ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ó¼һҳë
ѵһսëЩȵĲ󣬶ʱɴ۾ϲȻֲȱݵĹСӣŹһҪõ
Ǻǣ⹦ڲ̣׼ôõҶǳĻһˮëͷϡ
ǰȥ½ʸûУôӲ̵õʵ
ë̾˿˵ǻʵʵɣʲôʱлǰ½ı
Ҷǳʼ磬ЦڲҪ½ЩŴ򽻵ʱҲؼֲȱݣŬΪﵽս񾳽ҪġˣСΪȱֻܹһλǿ߽սҪΪսôս͵뿪ս½С
Щս񣬿¾뿪ս½ˡȻȥôãеѾ·ϣִܹ˺١ë˵ͷ˵
Ҷǳ۾һУʵڲУʱǾȥɫֱǿռͨ
ǵǿ߹ĿռͨͨһߣܿǵĴӪеǿפأ򲻵ѣԲ·ëɫص
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ʱɣΪսô϶Ҫһʱ䣬ֲܲһЩȱݣʱ˾ǰ½
ˣôˣҵĺڽ𣿡Ҷǳ漴ëЩڴʵ
Ǻǣ㣡ëһЦһɫؽҶǳס֮󣬸оܴ󣬹Ʊһɽ嶼Ҫˡ
ҵĺڽҶǳеɫؽ¶֮ɫ
ëЦһЩľͱɫˣɫǴҪģҪġ
˵ҲǣҶǳЦЦ漴ס˫ӿֳȵ̫𣬽ɫؽ
úҶǳĽУʹɫؽâɣһɰĽԷϯ
䣡
ɫؽɢޱȷϢȻ
ҶǳɫؽΧγһɽ籩ǳ
ǿҶǳɫؽ̺Ŀֲʱϲɫ
ë԰үƵʥЩսҵʥԱģСӣúѽɣ㽫Ϊսˡ
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴ɫؽëЩɻʵҸЩʯôûΪ
ĳëΪڰսʲΡ
ϻôʯ㹻үﵽս𾳽ˣҪսô޴Ķ϶𺣼ǿߵע⣬뿪磬ȥСëԷŰۡ
ҶǳڨڨһЦ֪սкܴĶµ˵ͷ˵Ǿ뿪ɣֱӳҵĴȥ⣬޺Ǹؽ
ҵĴʹ𣿡ëü
Ҷǳߵνô೤ľǣҵĺôҪһͷɣǲҽˡ
ǺǣѾֳǿ츳Ǳǲܲύ㡣ëЦ
漴뿪˵أȥҺ磬˵⡣
ҶǳϣЦЦֱ˵֣ǲʹôģ⣬ʱʹǼǰ䲼
˵գ綼ЩĽؿҶǳ֣ڵĴҶöˣʥӶʹֻӲʸ񡣡
ЦˣҶǳƲƲ죬ʲôʹôѣǺʥӶӴԴȴҪȥУʥӻǲ̫Զˡ
ܹɵʹҲҶǳЩϲˣԺս½ܹʡٰʱˡ
ϾÿδӺɻս½ٴս½ɵ⣬ʵ̫ˡ


663 ߵȰ
ĴҶǳëֱӿԽ˱һƬλǳĺǡ
дǺðԭҪ·£һգ۵Ĺ͵ˡҶǳºǵĴ󣬿ΧϤĽɵøп
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Ҳ˵ߵȰ岻ôģҿɲҶǳҡҡͷЦ
ëٺЦ㲻ԪնֻҪеȰ弫٣ٽԪնԲ磬ܽɸߵȰԪˡ
ǵǿ߶ûнԪնԲ磬ҿµôﵽս񾳽ֿܡҶǳ˵ƲƲ죬Աߵë㲻ʦô᲼ôǵĻŪһͨХԨԺҲ÷غս½ҵĴʼˣҲж
ëԿЦСӣ֪ռ֮ʯ𣿡
ţ˵ⶫƿռָҶǳ˵ͷ˵
ëͷռ֮ʯƿռָģͬҲԲô󡣲ʯͷǳϡȱֵʥǼƷϡ
˵գëָָҶǳʳָϵһöռָ˵öռָֻҪָ״СĿռ֮ʯƶɣҪһҪͷôСĿռ֮ʯС֪Ҫһ󣬵øôĴ˰ɡ
ҶǳѾˡ
һöռָս½ļֵѾܸˣһƷ
⻹ͨĿռָеöռָǴлʥսƷڸ߼ĿռָˣֵȵʮƷˡ
ĿռָҲָֻ̺״СĿռ֮ʯҪŪ㹻ôĿռ֮ʯҪٿռָҪǧöɣҪҶǳôŪõ
Сӣҵ㹻Ŀռ֮ʯͱעˡЩս֮ӵдҲΪǼռ˼ǧĿռ֮ʯô࣬ô󡣼ˣһսңҲӵм󣬲ٶˡë˵
Ҷǳɻҷ¥ƺвٴǲսңôôռ֮ʯ
ٺ٣СѵѰǧС¥ǵѰѰͿռ֮ʯЧʷǳߣһҪЩսëٺЦ
ҶǳɵսʱȻǵʱѰҵǳֱ뻯
⻹ֻ룬Ҫǻ¥¥жô
Ҷǳɵҡҡͷٶ봫飬ë뿪֮󣬱ʧʡ
ȵִ޺ĻغëŽСС塢Сɷ˳
Сӣүȥչسս𾳽磬ɣص̵С塣ë˵ͻضչˡ
ְ֣СһҶǳͺ˷ܣı˹
צԵȵģܿɰ
ӣʵ
һСԼְ֣Ҷǳһðëˡ
СɣҲ壬СȥҶǳشС壬ϾһѾָצĿֲѪֻҪҪ˽̵צһĴмСʵǿ𽥿
򷢵С֮ҶǳԼҲȥһԼȭսĲܹ֮ӳ޴ս
ˣҶǳʱ䶼ȭսյԽԽˡ

ת۱һ¹ȥˡ
һ죬һëչصĵط
ȭҶǳɵתͷȥʱëչصĶըѿһֻ;޴ķ˴ɳë
ԡŷ˲Ե쳣䣬һǿϢС
ҶǳëΧռ䶼Ťһ۵ĸо
һķ˲ƺЩˣ
Ҷǳë۲죬üͷ΢΢һ塣
ڵѾﵽսʾ磬ʵѾվս½۷һˣԼʶë١
ԣܹܵëķ˲ı仯֮ǰͬǣëķ˲Уƺ˸һЩɫĻ档
ֺɫĻ棬ҶǳеһֺΣֱ
үڳɹˣ
ʱëЦǳ˷ܡ
зƬ̣漴νҶǳǰЩȲ˵ҶСӣ𣿱ү˻ϵߵȰ𣬹үû츳ǰһ¥̤ս𾳽磬˸ߵȰ𣬹
ߵȰ壡
Ҷǳһɵ뵽˷˲еĺɫ档


664 
ĸߵȰʲôҶǳëɵúʵǺɫĻ¡
ë˷ܵһԣҵķ˲ԣһҪǿ࣬һˣ˺ֻܿΪƳõʧܴ󡣡
ŶôԿҶǳɵôȤ
ٺ٣ССˣë˵գһɺɫĻ棬Ҷǳ
ҶǳûеֵƾɺɫӵĴټϲ֮ǿκλ档
ֻɺɫЩ죬ȻҶǳĲֱ֮ڣһ·ƻ塣
ţҶǳоϴ߶̫ѹƺɫ棬ҪƳȥ
ǽҶǳ𾪣ΪɺɫѲķ˺ܴŽƳȥˡ
⻹̫İЩûֻսȣһʵʧ룬ﻹëĶ֣
ôСӣëؿҶǳ
ҶǳɫأһСŶôҪȫʩչҿµĴܽѹơ
ٺ٣СǱ̬ӵĴ𣬱һ𶼺ѻãԸǣԵķ˲𣬾Ч
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ôֲ̫˰ɣҪ޵ҶǳĿɿڴ
ëҡͷҲҪΪȥаΪ̫ͣҲ޷ӳͺһս߶սܹӳ
ˣԵȷǸߵȰ塣ҶǳЩĽ˵ϵߵȰԪʲôʱ򰡡
ëЦߵȰԪҲܿ°ܹ˲֮⣬ֿµĹ׾˺ѿռ䣬ҵ
ҪԪѰҶǳЦ
ŬɣСдԪնսʱûԪ壬ԺлԪ壬̫ġëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴йâһս𾳽磬˰ʵӦòЩսҵӲҲʵ֣Ӧʸȥ̽̽ˡ
ͬΪЩսҵӣ̤Žľ⣬ү˭Ҳ塣ë
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵Ǿͳɣսӵʷǰżʲô˵ԻһЩβܴСˣϾǵʵܲһֱɡ
ë˵ͷǴ޺ɣСڣֻҪ޺Щ㲻¡ǣСôϣ̫Сˣﲻȫ
˵꣬ëȥСսԼأȻСɼ䣬Ҷǳ˫˫죬ǰ
Ҷǳʵǿ࣬ˣҲǻһ²ŵִ
ǰ񱩵һҶǳëԵ˺ܶࡣ
߰ɣǵЩսʱˡҶǳս⡣
ʱЩսҵǸ߸ϣֻ
Ѿ˺Щսƥеʵˡ
Сӣ꽣ʺսҵǣֵʴˡëٺЦ
˫˫̤һ񱩵׵ʱǺһ㣬ֲΧĿռ䶼һ
̫ˣֱڸүϴ裡ëм֮ɫΣ̤֮Уֳ˲ɵصס׵硣
Ҷǳ͸ˣս𣬶ûзųƾɵصסЩ׵֮
Ͼﵽ˲֮磬ս½Ƕģһ׵Ѿˡ
֮Ϊǿǿ֮⣬֮֮ǿֲĻֱָ֫ϵˣָܻĿֲָеôκεҶǳ
ɾʹΧĺȥë˴·Ҷǳǽʡ˲ʱ䣬ϾΧܴûеͼĻѿٴԽ
ǸҸӦ󷨵ĲǱսõ󷨣϶ǱȺսǷֵʷǰżȻëۣԶ
ߣҶǳ۾һУëһǸٷȥ


665 ޸۹
һӴĺһƬ۹ĵ۶ǻҪ޴󷨹Ļ׵סˣ󷨹ĻɢŵɫĹâһǿ޵˵Ϊ֮ս
ҶǳĿȥȴ޷Խ󷨣ɵģʲô󷨵ĹĻϣҶǳһϸСȱڣֻһ˽
ë˹ȥۣǰȱڣϢʹǿ˺һӡ
ܹģֻҶҵľˡҶǳ˵գЩɻʵѵս֮Ĳܴ𣿵ܲɫΧãǷǿˣ½ս񶼺ѻơǰ󷨣ͬսõģֻ˺һѷ졣
ս֮жģӹɵģȺ½ŶԴ˿϶ë˵Ȼ󷨵ǿҲʱйϵһǰõģǰ󷨣Ǽʮǰõģȥôʱ䣬Ҳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ҲãȻ󷨣Ƕ޷ȥֻܸɵۿš
˵գ˴ǰѷ֮һǰһ˽ȥ
һ󷨹ĻҶǳǾ͸оǰһһƬȵĻϯΧĿյ졣
Ҷǳüͷһ壬ĿǰʱŭӣΪһƬ
ȵ̫ǰһǳŰţķݽﱻջ٣ڻ֮еѾճ˻ҽеĻͷųսǿ֧š
ҽСǳء
ҶǳһЩ汻ճ˻ҽǵҪȴѱ
ôôˣЩ̫˭ҵģһԵë𾪵
ҶǳȱЩȻ𡣡˵գȳǰĹųǷȥ
СӣүأЩս֮УúЩ̫𡣡ëѵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ̫¶ȸߣǳ£Ҳֻĺܹơ
ȻҲΪЩ̫û˿ƣȻĻкҲԽ

үү
ڴһƬĲҽ
ǧڰҶǳ뵽Ƕ£ֻЩս½ʱżľ
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ڵһЩ˿Ҷǳëн٣ʱһŭĿӣһ˫˫ͨ۾棬˷ŭԹ޵Ļ档
ҶǳһߣħѵЩǽ˵صȺսҵӡʥӸɵ
ȻҶǳ뵽˻ҵӻ٣Ҳ̫
ȻҶǳ漴ץһ̫𣬷̫ԶԶȲڵ̫Բֻ̫֮ӻϿ
ٽϳ˶ߵԹޣԼǲ̵ԸҶǳѾٷ֮ٿ϶ǻٸɵġ
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ˢ
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˵жЩԭŭĳھҲҶǳǵģ֮ǰЩ߲ͬ
Ҷǳëųڵ̫֮ëŽսص˳

л

дʮ඼Ҷǳͷл
ҶǳսǣȺһսεĻߣѯʵʲôطǲս½𣿡
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߼˵ڵ󷨣޸û뿪֮ǰõģΪıǸһ·ǣǵ޸۹ңЩǾĺʮˣһֱల£ֱǰãһȺսֳ˺˱ǵ󷨣˽


666 
ߵҶǳë𾪣Щ˾Ȼ深˼ʮ꣬ʮֱһԴ
޸۹ƺҲ˵ëս½ٱһ۹ͳһϾսҲʷϣܹͳһս½ĵ۹ǳϡ٣ָ޸۹֮һλ޸һλǳǿսڵʱ򣬸սҶҪ׳Ƴ
Ҷǳ۾һУ֪Щ޸۹ĻǷӵӵĻӦܹԱ
ӵǿҲԱô꣬ǵԴͺĹˣսǿ߶δӵСëҡͷ
ǰĻʱҲͷ˵λ˵ĲǵԴ٣սһˣսʼǿҲֻмٸֻǵṲ̊˾ŽΨһһսǿߡ
Ž򣡡
Ҷǳëһ
Ȼӵ̤Žš
ԲۣôŮģë漴ֹ
ҶǳҲЩ֮ǰŮ˾ѹս½սҵӣֳһṲ̊˾Žѵս½ʼʢ˥
ЩڶȥˣҶǳ漴ʵ
˵ȥ۶ˣ½ǵ޸ʩչͨɽŲƹʮһÿһ潨һǳأ۶λĵ졣ЩߣǵŮΪߣҪ޸۵սŮһʼǣŸսҵĳϽŮһ޷סˣֻ۶ء
ҶǳüЩ߶𣿾ûԸǺƽ𣿡
ߵͷҲһЩ˺λһûж¶⣬λӣȻ˺ǵ󷨣ڽ˵֮󣬲ûжǳ֣ĻŮ²Ķ֡Щ֮УһӵǳƺΪͨ졣
ͨ죿ѵҵӣҶǳһ
ëͷģ¾ˡҶһҲֱǷ޵еףԼǿޱȵնС
ҶǳǰĻߣԼʮգɵ̾˿ڵҲ֪ˣ˵󷨱ƣºкƽȵˣ취뿪˵ء
ԿЦҲ뿪սǿߴǵȽΪҪͨ
ҶǳԿëҲûأֻëˡ
ˣҵֻװʮˣмʮ򣬱ĳǳؿ¸࣬⿿үһˣҪضٴβܽͳȥңǵ˿ںôҲǧˣҪս½ֻЩսҳֲܰǡë
ҶǳߵЩһڹ˼ҵĵ۶˼ҵָǰЩˣ
ҲһЩƷõսӣ϶Ըְæϵҵǿ߰æӦþ͹ˡë˵
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ漴Ի˵ȥ۶Щսҵ̸̸ֻܱ֤ΪʵڲУٻһͳȥ
λҵûæݵڵϣҲһعҶǳëм
Ҷǳҡͷһ̾漴ë뿪ǰ½ĵǳء۶
СӣҪִ°ëҶǳԱߣѯʵ
Ҷǳһǧ˿ڰǵ
ܹƣҶǳıΪƣοӵһǧǻս½
СӣɱˣЩսǲܷ޸Ůе޸۵սģ⿿ˣӵͨ춼򲻹ƾʲôЩˡëҡͷ
Ҷǳ޸ŮҹܲЩ޹ġ
ЩսһЩг޸۹ջô֮ǰͲ᲻ֹٷŻճˡë˵
ҶǳɫһͷӦûһ߻ᡣ
Ҷʱɲҵ̫սңδػֵġëҡͷ
ô˵ԿҶǳ˵գӿٶȣ۶
úǾͿһӴĹųǣѾƲǳϿջһȺڼսһŮͷʹڣְֳɫԵֵսҵӡϵΧ
ҶǳʱȷŮ޸Ů


667 ޳
޸Ůᣬɫϣͷɫʹڹâҫһɫ趯¶͸ɢߵȡ
ʮλսҵΧսҵĳΧ޸Ů治ɫ
ְֳɫս⣬һ㱦ӣâңһ̫ɽѹķ˼ս
ҶǳĿһڣԼҲԣҪԵ˭޸ŮһȺսҵӡϣܹһڣǾֲ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵޸ŮΧ˵УҲһӵǱҵͨ죬ϴӲ޸ŮԵķʹڲ֮أ޸Ů˺ܴв
޸Ǵ˵޸۵һ壬ڲԳɿռ䣬ǳëһԳ޵޸ŮеİɫгĽ֮ɫ
Щս˵
Ϊһսܿս½޵С
СӣϽáر졷õ񱮵ϿɣҲһˡë漴Ҷǳ˵кڴҶǳõ񱮣ֻҪһǻкξ壿ӲսҶˡ
˵ףǿ񼶹ôҵҲѡҶǳЦ
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磬ôˣŷɹҶǳͻȻһȵΪȻﵽ˰սʾ磬ôܣ
ȻҲҶǳٶȸˡ
ǺǣЩҶǳЦЦ漴⣬ʵôûг֣ѵҪ𣿡
Ҷǳ˺֮⣬оӡӡ׼ӣԼӵʮλûг֣һԹս
ߣҲҪʸᣬڳ˾Ӻͨ⣬˭޸ŮĶ֣׼ߵ
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˽´Ҷǳ˵֮ǰû뵽Ƭżô࣬ƿ󷨣⵽֣Ը֣֡û˺ͨ棬ЩҶҵսҲȻ֣һЩսңаԸΧ޸ŮҲûг֡
Ҷǳԣ˲˽˳еɵôԾ˵ӣ޸۹İ޹ģǷԽǴȥս½
ӿҶǳһۣ漴ѾԹˣЩΧ޸ŮսҲͬ⣬ǿг֣͵ǣ»ƵȫվͨǱߣҶҲ
ҶǳǿˣȻ⣬վսӵܣԶֻҶҵڵһλ
գҶǳЩģѵû취Щսҵˣѵ»Щ޹İв޸Ů𣿡
ˣξӴֻ˵ĸ֡
ҶǳһݣΪЩսҵ¹ƻĻ᲻ƤֶεضԸ޸Ů
ȻúΧ޸ŮڶӵУһˣв޸Ů޸Ůٲ־ܣ޸۵սǧձֻ·һ
ɣҶǳȻԤϣĿһĻʱɵÿŭ
ҵ컪Աߵĺ˵
Ҷǳ۾һ䣬ңѹֻô޳ܡ
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컪ЦǿʳȻ˭ʵסİء˵޸۵ͳһս½ʱҲ֪ɱ˶ˣʲôʸ˵ң
˵ϻˣҪסЩյͿ콻ӻٱ컪Ҫ׺ݣֱһƬ̫޸۹¡
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ҪôˣҸý˭޸Ůɫ˵
ߵΪô˵ͻɱѾˣֶʱЩٸԳᣬ˭˭ġ
޸Ůвܴͨ죬˵ǻù
ͨ΢΢Цǲᶯġ
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ڴʱҶǳվ˳ڵӣԶĻӡ


668 
Ҷǳʵ̲סˣ޷ؿ޸۹ǧձٺ컪ɱԥվ˳Żٺ컪ǳ˱޳ܣͲҵڻᱻѪ𣿡
ڳˣؿҶǳϾǺܾȣȻ˻Ϊ޸Ůͷһսҵӡ
ǿҶǳ󣬶¶֮ɫ
һ˭
˭ôȻҵٺ컪
ʶ磬˵ǽʵļӣһ̤˽ţǺҵĿ䡣
˽츳ǲսʵΪʲôʸ١컪Ի

۷׷ףһЩ˿ҶǳĿ⣬ϷŰ֮ɫ
ΪҶǳֻʢ̫³çˡ
Сӣ㣡
ҲǺܾȣȻ˸ô˵Ҷǳ֮󣬶ʱɫ
ǰɣղ˵ʲôɸ˵һ飿컪ĿⶢҶǳƶʱҲں磬ʶҶǳ
кβңҶǳĿηֱǣ˵Ҹղ˵Ǳ޳ܣѵдΪҪǨŭ޸۹޹գǶʲôвˣҲǴСһɳġ
Զ޸Ů΢ؿҶǳһۣƺû뵽˻ͷ
ΪҶǳܹıʲôϾֻһսʶѣǾӿϳ֣ǻࡣ
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һԵĻƳҶǳһۣ漴򺣼ӣСӵĻǺ𣿡
ûȺ˵Ҷǳ㿪˵Ǻҵɿ䣬ҵۺҹܲţ㲻سͷȥ
һ漴ֿ˾ӣҲˣСԼŵģҲǸԼ
ʱ̫ˣսҽ㵽סҶǳйâһɫؽУһɺƵĽŰ
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Ȼ죡컪һЦ漴ԱߵĻ˵֣Ҳ˵аԼսȻս㣬ôҲԴСˡ
һЦĿ⿴ҶǳЦСӣȻôҾͳȫ㡣
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ҶǳܵϢѹڵƻǻٵĶ֣ϾԷѾһսˣֻǰսʣΪ̫ˡ
Сӣһｻү
ڴʱëùҶǳеɫؽһ٣ҵĽâƵƥǰնг롣
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ٱˣɫ𾪵ؿëȵ˭սҵҶʶ㲻սҵġ
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쵰˭
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ϾëԳƽѾлҵļɻ䣬ֻлҵڲʸ񱻳Ϊ
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񣬺ôĿ
Ȼܹѹƻ٣˵ʵȷСƲϣǱĽʾԲ

Χ۷׷ס
ӺǶԵú𾪣ƺû뵽һֱվҶǳԱߵ˻ô
ҶǳҲĿɿڴؿŲԶټսëкһȻռˣҲˣϾëޣ곤࣬Ҳһ̵ֱʸ磬ԳƽⲻҪлҸ
ҶǳԶлӵͶˣɫһƬޱȡ
˼ȻһôĴ磬ѹֵô󣬲ֹ٣ֹܹҲ㻹һĴ硣컪֮зӦҶǳһЦ漴·޸۹Ƿȥ
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컪ҶǳսķǳңսŰ˷̶ײ춯ء
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ɣ
ҿ𣿡
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һսҵӡϣɫһ䣬һж˲š
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ڣһˣһϣȻһ̤Щ޷ܡ
Сӣƾ㻹СܰԼսߣٹ꣬ɱͬë
ɫޱȣëɱȵ츳ǿΪվҪһˣʲô԰ġ
ˣëһӶɫؽʩչ򽣹ڣûٲϺˡ
ʵٵʵǿڳӵУܹȼٵľԲˡ
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Χ۵һȻ˵˭Ȼô
ǲëҶǳ״硣
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ɱ
컪ôսκβһսʼСǾ̫ˡ
Ѫɫ컪ʩչսһ־޴Ѫɫĥ̳֣ЯſֲܣҶǳɽȥ
ĻɱҶǳ꣬ҡ־
ȻҶǳ־ᶨɽľΪﵽ˵ڶʯ磬ƾѪɫٶ࣬Ҳ޷Ӱ쵽Ҷǳһ˿һ
䣡
ҶǳӶȭɱѪɫḥ̂ȫɢŽɫâͬһλսҫޱȣȭâңƥ
㡭
컪𾪣û뵽ԼʩչսȴûʲôЧɵþŭӡ
ɱҶǳɲ컪𾪣Լ֮Ŀֲָȫܾ˵̬ɱ컪
ܾ˵̬Ǳӣô컪϶㿪ܾˡ
ҶǳսʲεС컪ҶĻڳ˶ᳰЦ
컪ȻɣǶ޸ŮǿߣԸҶǳСΪսӵĽ
ۣ
Ľ컪ҶǳһȭУѪɳȥ
Ҷǳңؿܵ컪ȫһؿڵ·ˣһѪɫӡҶǳؿڰȥĹͷˡ
ȿȣ
ҶǳѪɳȥľ컪ҪԶ
Ͼʵվǲ컪
ǿ컪ˣҶǳЦĺܿģҵӣҲˣʵ̫ʧˡ
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670 
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ȥɣ
컪һһٶȻҶǳؿڣĹͷʮʹؿһƬѪģ
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ȻҶǳ¶Цݣһץס컪ĸ첲һֻȭ컪ؿڡ
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ֻ컪ȭҶǳһȭݺݵײһ𣬱̶ըΧĿХ罭һϯ
𣡡
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컪һսϴĺ֮ˡ
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컪ŭһѾץסҶǳĽƣݺݵˤ棬ҳһӣһƬ
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ͬʱһŨӳڳ΢΢һ
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˿Ҷǳ״̬ʱ¶֮ɫ
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Ϊô࣬սҲһֲĳ̶ȣԼ˿̲ЩսҵӲ
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컪ʱҲ˼ô࣬óԼʥȫ߶֮£һƥܣҶǳɳȥ
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Χ۵۷׷ף컪óʥЩм
磬ҽһѽʱڣһѽҶǳ
䣡ҶǳסѽʱһɱϢ˳ƴ۾ɵһΪѽȻǺƶɵʥǳƥ䣬ȫԼǿ
ˢ
ҶǳºԥʩչԪնתر죬֮ϣսԴԴһִĽâ˺գնѵء
ͬʱҶǳѽ֮Уʹÿһŷڵĺǿˡ
컪ܿͱˣòˡ


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컪ŭͲʣȻһսʼСҴ˻һˣʵ̫ˡ
ܹ󵽣ΧЩӣĵγЦˡ
ѪޱߣѪɫ
컪ƴˣȫ߶ʥʩչҵսһ޴Ѫɫ̳ͷϿգͷųһѪ⣬۳һ޴ѪɫںһһӾͽҶǳûȥ
գʱһ
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ٺ٣һСܣ涪ˡ
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ǽʴˣӵ츳ѾԽ˵Ľˡ

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ΪǼʶҶǳǿ츳ȵҶǳΪ׷ôͷϾҪһɽˡ
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Ҷǳ״ɵñŭ컪ɱغΪŹ㵽ɱ˶޹顣
ͬһĳҶǳΪʲô컪ҪսˣΪ컪ϣⳡᱻЩսҿϾ˭뵽ҾȻɱ¾ͨ
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ҶǳֿҸȼϵ·ˡ
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Ҷǳ˿Ѫʵ̫ˣǿҲⱻش
ҲٱˣȻҪˣҶǳգǵѪҺȻʩչ򽣾߶һѼƷɱ컪
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컪ҶǳȻٿһѱɱʱһ򽣾ô򽣾һﵽ˵㣬ȼ統Ľʡ
ߣҲǽʵĵӣ򽣾ҶǳߵûбҪǲᱩ¶Լʵݡ
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һѼƷһǳֲͬһĽһӣкƺƵ컪ڹ

֮£컪ֻ֮ܶУ󷨵ֵЩƷ󷨱һشݻ١
Ҷǳûɱٶ컪ս
ȥ컪ȫ߶еʥһݣҶǳ
ǺǣܾˡҶǳͻȻһЦûеֵ컪һǾеĳһն컪
ʲôҪͬھ𣿡컪ʱŭԷȻ˷ܾ˵̬ս
Ҫ֪ʥҪǱУҲˡ
ʱǾ̫ҪѾˣֻܿŶԷʥݺݵػԼϡ


672 ʤ
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½˵ҩЧǳĺãҶǳȥ֮ϵѪҺϾֹסˣĲ֮ڼֲĻָڲϵػָĲ
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컪ĲѪ˵Ҳڱ䣬𽥽Ӳ
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ҪǴȥս½ҪΪ֮ġ

Ҷǳ컪˼£Ŀռָȡ˹ҽڵϵ컪ʥʥպøëʹãϾëûʥء
һУҶǳûϳȥϾ滹ҵĳϣڵһ˶ܽɱ
أ˻֪ԴҶǳóûָơ
Ƚб۸ָˡ
ҶǳԼʧȥĲȱ򣬲ɵ΢΢һЦӿһĨŵɫʡ
컪ΪӴԺҪʧȥһֻ첲ȴ֪Ѿ˲ֻ֮ҪûȱһԻָǲ֮ǿ֮
Ҷǳóһ˵ҩϵȥЩҩȻ󣬵ʱѾܲô࣬Ҫָơ
ͬʱҶǳԼ֮Уʼ߶ָ֮ԼĲȱ塣
ؿõǲȱļ򴦣һЩڲϵس漴һ·ӣһֱµĸ첲ơ
һĻܾˣǲ֮ǿ֮
֮ġ壬ġ
ˣҶǳҲܾ˵Ĵ򷨸컪ƴ֪Լ֮ǿ󣬲Ÿġ
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ʱŹȥһʱ
Ǳܵƣս𼶱ǿߣ¶Ҫʱָܻ
ҶǳһʱͻָСƣֲֿĻָˡ
ǲ֮ǿ֮ﵽ˲ֻ֮Ҫ˻Ҫǲġ
ﵽһ׶ΡѪôֻʣһѪһ⣬ܹϸǲĲ磬ս񶼺ɱǿߣȫսһս
ҪﵽѪ磬Ƿǳѵģս½ʷϣצ⣬Ҳû˴ﵽһ
֮磬ս½ǶĴڣܹﵽһεǿߣָ
һսҪȫԵ
ҶǳҲΪ壬ڲϵУŲϵرǿš
ҵΪ˻ˡ
ֱָ֮ҶǳԼѾʧˣԭﵽս۷ΪҲ˻ص˰սʾ硣
ڲǰսʳڣǰս۷塣
Ȼ廹һˣӶԼΪ
ǺǣǲһֻҪ㹻Ļʵ𵤣ܹϽսʾ硣Ҷǳ΢΢һЦЩϲ
û뵽һսôôΪˣõһʥ컪ĿռָıֱǴհ
뿪ˣ
ҶǳɫȻ
ȥһʱҪȥˣȻ¿϶ƿؽ
ԵģʼҪԡ
Ҷǳץ컪ʬ壬ƿأ̤
һ˲䣬Χ˷һ˫˫Ŀ⳯
Χ۵˿Ҷǳŵ컪ʬ֮ȫǵһһš
أʱ˼ž


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սˡ
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˸еޱȵͲš
ǿҶǳܹ컪漣ˣôܻɱ컪
ڳһӣҲûаܻɱ컪ģϾ컪Ҫߣû˿ס
һλǿӣȻһսʲεСԽɱˡ
Щš
컪Ȼɱˣ
Žֲ𣿡
ôܣ

֮󣬱һƬȻ
Ⱥ֮УһƬ͵
ȻһսĽ˵֮⡣
һսҵӼȻһ˸Խնɱˡ
ѾǶûзˣ
ڼǰҲֻǻһЩӣûлɱκһλӡ
⻹ǧһ˻ɱսӡ
ʣҶǳһս֣ԺҲû˲֪ˣȻᴫս½
СӣɵúãҵСܣԶټսëҶǳս֮࣬ҲЩȡ
Ͼë֪Ҷǳʵܹס컪ѾǲˣȻܹɱ컪ͳ֮ˡ
ôܡСӾȻɱ컪ٴ˿Ҳɴ۾ţ컪ʵ֪ģ㲻Ҳѷɫ˶٣ȻҶǳɱˣѵҶǳʵѾЩš
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컪
㾹ɱӣ

ͬʱΧ޸ŮļҳҲҶǳе컪ʬ壬ʱŭһҶǳ
䣡
޸Ůйâ䣬߶аɫͷųƥĹס˼λҳϡ
ϾҶǳΪ޸۹İճͷӦҪҶǳ
ǻһλҳӳȥˣҶǳɱҪΪ컪ѩޡ

˳Ҷǳǰҳϼս
ǺҪΪ𣿡ҳɫ
˵컪ǹƽһսʱҪ֮ΣǾ͵ùأϾǺҵĿ䳤ϡ
ҵвͬսңǺҲҡ
ĴǿսңսңʵȻ˴˲η塣
㡭
ҳɫѿȻȺ˼Σ츳纣δǺĶ֡
οں󣬻мλҵĳϡ
ҪҲҳԿ
磬ҲưոݵģŰɡ֮£ҳֻõвҶǳһ䣬ȥˡ
ʬɣҵұ𡣡Ҷǳ˵е컪ʬӳȥ
ͬʱǲΧ޸ŮļҳҲ컪ʬ壬һɫ뿪˵ء
ϾѾˣ޸ŮҲ޷ټˣֻӡοսô飬Ҫϻȥ֪߲ͨ㡣
ڳ˶֪ǲưոݵģȴҶǳģֹ׷ɱ
֣Ҵ۽ˣԺСҡҶǳ˵ǰҶǳĿ⣬ֻЩͶѣȴǰҶǳͬεǿˣϾ컪ʵɲ֮¡
ҶǳȻɱ컪ôҲδ֣Ƿ˳Ҳƽƽˡ
ζлӳˡҶǳȭмƺأûкסλҳϣˡ
Ǻǣؿ֮УҲȹҡҡҡͷֵ
ΪҵӣδļȻѾʶҶǳǿ츳ʵȻᾡ£Ҷǳ
ǷûңһҲ⣬Ϊһ̤ŽŶһսң׺ܻ㣬οҶǳǺҵĿ䣬ҶǳǿˣǺҲһǿİ֡
ϲˣ˹Ҷǳ˵͸ɴҶǳ̶츳ʵڻعҶңҲõǳһĵϵӵˡô׼ʲôʱعҶң
̤ŽҶǳǾҲСҴ˻ҶҵӵܣȻϣҶǳջؼ壬Ҷҵʵһ¥
ʱҶңҶǳҡҡͷѾߵһˣѾҪҶҵԴˣҶȥʲôңڡ
վҶӵܣ˵
ҶǳǾܾ
Ӽ״ɵ̾˿ֻʱա


674 
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һ޷ʹˣϾ֮ǰرĲʱ򣬲ؼ壬ǻԵ
ȻﵽرĲҶǳѾԹͨͨ޸ƣһЩ˵ҩЧĺá
ȥʱҶǳƾͻָ߰˰ˣȻûȫָѾһս֮ˡ
һ߻ָƣҶǳһ߹עŲԶսëʵڻ֮ϣѹŻٴȻδؿڶʱȡʤѾҪˡ
ڳսҵУҲҵ컪ͻҵĻٱȽϱ޳ܣûޡ
컪ѾҶǳնɱҲëǣסˣҶǳͲı޸۹ǧв޸Ůˡ
޸ŮȻҲһ㣬ЩսҵӡӲսˣ׼뿪
ϾֻһˣֳȥĿ϶
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Ӧʱ޸ŮѾԶ
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ҵͨȵ޸Ůӵ׵޸Ů
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Ҷǳ״ɵ÷ˣԾӺͺ˵λְЩ޸۹İ뿪Ƿ֮ء
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˵ֻǾ֮ͶѣܹԴ˼ҶǳĹϵȻ⡣
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ȻҶǳʵѾӮǵϿɣȻǲôԸæġ
Ҳ˵ͷͼλҶҵĳϳְæ޸۹İա
ңҲвսվҶߵģЩսҵӼӶְ磬ȻҲ֡
Ǿ֮ͶѣֵýþӺͽ硣
ڽʮλӺʮλսҳϵİ£޸۹ǧնսǵأ뿪֮ʹս½ȥ
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Ҷǳ˵˾ˣаԼս´νҽ
ΧսӺͳİҶǳƺҪɱ٣ҪɱһλսҵսңҪͱ
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䣡
ʱӳֳŵץȥһƬ򶼸ץԼ֮С
ȻһһսŷӦ֮ǰǿҶǳ壬Ӧ뵽˵̺Ŵȴû뵽һһԵðûڲѣϾǿɲֻؿӸˡ
ҿСӣôô׳հǴȻˣղôëôŭҶǳ
ҶǳЦղҪ޸۹İת뿪˵أȴµĴ
صĻᡣ
ҶǳϴëģʵΧ棬Ҳܲ춼ֻ¥ѰҵĵرܹظӦ
ȻηˡëԶʱϲɫ
ҶǳȱжȻЩսҵӿ϶ᷴӦģǵ뿪˵ж
ףë˵ͷ
ʱλȥ޸۹ĶǿɣҲЩջ񡣡
ȥǶǿİնҪǨƵս½ȥĶҲòˣǺǡһսҵӵͷЦ
˵ҲԣôҲܰһ˰׼ҵӹЦ
˵ǰ޸۹Ķǡ
ʱѾһƬžеİնѾս棬ֻʣһճǡ
һֱӷʹλã޸ŮסĵطϾֻд˵زпбڣЩյΪ£ôʲôö
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675 ޵
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Ҷʱӭ㣡ȥ֮ǰӵĻҶǳ
Ҷǳ漴ҡҡͷڵȥҶҡ
ǰ׳գعҶңȻҪǳһĵϵôҶң϶һϵеᡣ
ȻҶǳԼţҶҵǳһƽ޹ô鷳ȴҪġ
ҪǣҶڸٺô
սҳӵƣһǿԼҵսҶǳѾѧժ֣ƺͽȭսҪٶսˡ
ڶսҵӵӵӴԴ
ҶǳѾﵽ˰ս۷壬ܿҪ̤սʾ硣ΪҪһΣҪԴ̫ӴˣҲ̫ˣΪҶҵǿʥӣõԴҲԹΪ
Ϊǳһӣ
֮ҶҸİ࣬һ鷳ҶǳȻɵȥҶҡ
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Ҷǳ˼֮ʱмӹк׼뿪˵ء
Ӻ׼Ҳȥ
֣Ҫһ𣿡Ҷǳѯʵ
ҶǳҡҡͷһҪٴһ
ǺǣȻȥˡԵ˵ͷ漴żλҳϣ뿪˵ء
ֻʣҶǳëˣҶǳëʹ˸ɫ漴Ÿһȥ
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úҶǳǵִĿĵء
վڴϣҶǳתر죬ͨµܿȷλãȻʩչժ֣Χһץ˳
죡
ëæſԼء
ϾֻزſôӴҶǳĿռָװ¡
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Ҷǳ޵ԺǾͿ
һѣǻ𣿸Ͻȥʡҹζࡣëߴٵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ǰ죬һһµĴ
֮ëŨ̶ȣѾԽҶǳκһطˡ
ʣԻ°빦
СӣȽȥˣҴȥһطë˵
Ҷǳʵʲôط
֪ëǰ϶˽⣬ȻᳬЩսҵӣϾǰëվս½۷壬ЩսҵҪˡ
ȥ˾֪ˡëһЦ
УأҶǳƲƲ죬漴ëأȷҪʱָƣԼ۷״̬
ëӵټһЩ˵ҩϣҶǳаһڻָƣϾĲ֮ǳ̬

һµʱת۹ȥˡ
ҶǳѾȫָˣΪҲӾˣֻҪͻƵսʾ磬ҪһЩʱ䣬㹻Ļʵ𵤰Ͻսʾ硣
أҶǳëе
ëʱأųҶǳ
ҶǳִʱëѾָ̬Ե쳣񿡣ٿ˵أȻһ޴ĵ죬׵Ȼ޷죬һӴסˡ
ʲôطҶǳɵѯʵֻܿ϶ﻹ߾Ͳˡ
޵ëЦ˵
޵ҶǳЩɻ
ڴʱӦµĵ漴һȻӰӲԶɽͷǱ߻
ҶǳĿۿЩȻﶼһֻֻ;޴Ĺޣ޵ǿ壬֫׳ͷǣͨƤɫģе˸
Щޣһֱޡëһ˵
ޣҶǳüͷһǵһ˵͵ޡ
ëǺЦԭֻͨʥޣǵڴ˵ط棬ΪӦ˵صĶӻҲ죬ڳΪӡҲ˵ǽǱǰǿˣޡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷΪǰȺѾǺܽˣóЩ޶ǳǿӴ˿ֲ
Ҷǳɵþ
ǺǣģȺһҵĺѣķ󷨣ǱүǰΪǲõġëҶǳŵӣɵЦŰֵ
Ҷǳʱֻû뵽µ棬Ȼëѡ


676 
𣡡
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Ҷǳе𺳡
ëѾչԼ޴ȵķ˲𣬳ǰȺǴСǣʶү𣿡
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ˡѵǧǰλ֪ͻȻһͷͳӴ˳ϢֲܿɢսεĲȫ׹˸ƴ׺֮߳ޡ
Ҷǳɫ΢΢һܵ˿ֲѹ·һ𺳣ǰͷ޿϶쳣ǿ
ãǰֻû¶һ˿⣬ȻĻҶǳҪˣⲻֽ׶ο֮Ķ֡
һڵ峤𣿾Ȼǵñүүһǧǰ֪걾үʧܣԲ
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ҶǳüͷһóëһΣԼʧܵϢ¶
֪û뵽ױ֮껹ܼ֪ҵҡǰ֮ɫȻܻǧ꣬Ǵһ峤Ĵš
˵ǵһѣǿһֻ˰ǲ󷨣ȶռ䣬һֻΪ֪
ȻҲ䲻ֹһͷˣױȴҿ϶ǰֻ˾ǵ֪
ȷ
һ󷨣һɽ֮⣬ǲϢǱǲ󷨵ֻˡ
ëĿͷױֻ֪ˣ;ԳƱү˵һƦǰֻˡ
ԣױŸҿ϶ֻ˾ǵֻˡ
û뵽һ廹ǵñүţһ廹㶮øжëЦȻ⡣
ױȻʵǿë˵֪ˣױһ峤С¼ŶˣһƷһֱܺãɡ
ҪǼëԶʱ۾һæױȥ
ҶǳҲ˹ʵ磬㵱ڴ˵ʲôҩ
ëɫһڣҶǳһۣЦ㵱ҩǴײ˰ֶүҲŪ
ǾʲôҶǳٺЦȻ֪ëӵҩղֻڴȤëѡ
ëһЦҶǳ˵СӸղŲ¶ˣһ
ʲôҶǳԵɴ۾ŵؿëһôܣ
ҶǳҡͷЦˣôܻᱻ͵ϮֱӾͿԸɵǵ
ëʵҲǿȰټ֮ɨս½ûе֣ҲֻЩӵսҲ⣬ûġ
ٺ٣Сӣ𿴲𱾴ү֪ˡëһȻҶǳĻɺܲˬ
Ҷǳɵؿһۣһﲻæȥ
ױҶǳǿԽ˼ɽͷ漴һƬïʢɽ֮С
ɽкܶ࣬ÿɽ嶼һ޴ޱȵɽлסһЩޡ
ʣǾסĵط
Ҷǳȵǣﻹһϵʯǳ޴󣬵ϵһֻڷ趯ĲˣǷ˿䣬а죬¶һĨЦ
Ҷǳһ֪һëٰ
֪Ʒһֱʯ֮Уߺʯͱˣǧһһ̤СԱߵױ˵
ë˵ͷпһã걾үҲ壬ǻ壬ͷˡ
֪Ĵױɫ֣ص
ë漴Ҷǳ˵Сӣ㲻뿴𣿸үɣ˵գͳǰʯȥ
ҶǳЦҾͲҪˡȥ
ױڵ⡣
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Ҷǳʱ֪ױ˵ûһֱû˽ȻҲ
ףȻҶǳʯ֮аڷһС̨ɢŵɫĹâһЩת
ݣë֣ǰ̨ʱСɵëġ
Ҷǳʱǰ̨ʲôˣս̨
ٺ٣ս̨ҲСӣүûƭɡëٺЦ


677 
ҶǳԿЦãս̨ȻҲֻսƳѡõĶûйĻ治սǲܵģ˻ࡣ
Ҷǳ֮ǰս̨׼ҵˣܾûս̨ˣʵܵǹƥظɵˣԺЩ棬ҲûҪս̨ˡ
Сӣ̤˾Žս̨ˣһ׼һܸɵٺ١ëЦȻڴʲôˡ
ҶǳƲôȥɵ˭
ʱûã½˶֪ǰս̨׼ӸˣԣǾ벻ǻһս̨
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ţ˵Ҳԣս̨ڹؼʱ̿԰Ƿ̡ⶫ׶ãؼʱ̣ԲãϾֻҪһΣô˾Ͷ֪ˣԺ϶Ҷǳ
ëٺЦȻҲߣܹǶս̨Ҳ࣬ţȹؼʱá
˵գëս̨
Ҷǳؿʵս̨Ǵõģ
һսż֮еõģս½ʷҲ֪λս񣬵õһս̨ʲôֻǿϧ
ëҡͷ̾ս̨Щսǲ⣬Ͼⶫô١ͲһˣЩսǣǽԼĺûкôԸߡүս½ҲֻսԼ£˽
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ë˵ͷЦСӣٸ㿴϶˵ġ
˵գëߵʯһԱߣϵһöռָҲʯڽʣƷˡ
ȥ٣Ҳұ֤Լ˳ɹҾͰս̨öռָһ塣ϾүǺ˳ۣЩǿˣٻٵЩǡ
ëЦ˵漴ӿռָȡһЩݣҶǳЦⶼһЩʥҩҩģолʵ𵤵Ĳϣүռ˲٣ϧûãϾүʦ
ҶǳЩҩһۣͷҩǲûʥЩҩļҲûá
ëԺٺЦûУλСŮаѾʥҩˣֱȥơ϶˻ƻʵ𵤣ᣬݵλȫ⵽˰Ƶҩ
ҶǳԺһϤٻӰ

ԴϴεһҶǳѾܾûʱëжʱӿһ˼ͻȻȲ飬ָоǿҡ
㱼䣬ŮѾĵռ˺Ҫһǡ
ã뿪Ǿȥܲлᣬܴܲʵ𵤵ĵûʥĻʦݶ˰ˡҶǳ漴Ц
ѾǴʦʦӵжȫʥҩˣֻȱʥˡ
ĵͼҩڶҶǳë˵ѾˣѾܾûп¯ˡ
ңʥҩҶǳΪҲ޷֪²ܽΪʦ
СӣȥܲԵ뿪˵ȥһĵطСӵܼܹܲٽһ˵ԺлﵽѪľ磬Ǿֱܹսˡë˵գʯȥ
Ҷǳ׷һĵطܹΪҪ֪ڵѾﵽ˲֮磬ٴһ𣬲ȻԼˡ
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ҶǳȻ򣬿ԼЩˣûжԹԶԷжضԷӦòᱩ¶ݡ
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΢΢Ц°ɣȻѰ˵Щһɱλ׼ҳϵõģ˵Ǻ󡣡
ðɣҾͺƤˣ˵Һ׼Ҳд𣬺ǺǣǵĶõİãҶǳôֻ֣öռָЩɹȻЦ
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686 
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ҶǳɫһǼϼһ˵ûڸǳض֣۽ǳأᱻ֪
²ֹңë˹лҺ׼ҿ϶Ҳֻ֣ǼӵҶǳȻ㽣ҲᣬϾûޣݳֵġ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴üô˵ĸս½ǵ׷ɱ绹һ㣬ֻҵ׷ɱұ¶棬ǾͻлҺ׼ҵ׷ɱˡ
Ҷӣﵽ˴С⾳磬ıΣٴһƤߣͿԸıòЩսҵͨӵܸϲ㡣˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵µҲֻˡ
ҳλ϶ûɱô´˾͸Ҳˡ
ҶǳȻѾܹ͸սҵ棬Щսҵϱǿ߱ǲ̫Զˡ
ϾЩϱǿߵ츳ȻУһΪܸߣҶǳʱǵĶ֡
ߣȥܲҶǳ漴ë˵
ëʱҶǳĿģҪȥҰʥҩΪ̤ս𾳽硣
ֻҪҶǳս𾳽磬ôʵ͸ǿˣʱֻսҵһЩ߼սвõڸսУ߼սҲǷëǵĴڣޣܱ鲼ս½׷ɱҶǳ


689 һʦ
Ҷǳ˵߾ߣƶûüָϺë뿪ǣҲֱӷܲ
֮ߵôҪΪڴ˵صѾ¶ˣٶƬ̣ҵǿ߾͸ˡ
ʵϣҶǳ뿪ĵ죬ҵλ߼սͳǵϿգǿֱӽǶˣһֻӬѷɡ
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Ȼ߿еλǿѱȫǣҲûзһﵽս𼶱ǿߡ
ΪߵģҲ˻ʣҲֻǳսʶѣͬһ㣬Ҷǳˡ
ǲû뿪¥ϿգֱڵλãΪ¥棬ֻΪߣǿӦǴ˵¥ˡ
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λҵǿ߱Ŀ룬ǿѹȸС
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ΪǸղžȻûз滹ˡ
˵ʵǻҪǿ
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һ̣һɮԱߵǼ滺߳һƾɵͺͺͷȾһɫоŸɫĽ̡
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ӷǶԸ磬ƶɮܲţ¥ǿɮһΪСһʦߺһţ漴˵
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ӷƶɮϣ鲻һΣǿɮһô꣬ҲǸó߶߶ˡ
λҵǿһɫҲѿ
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˵һ裬Һܵ˵в
ȻԿɮһһЩɵġ
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ҪǣҲɮһܾˣĻһжܹս棿
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Ǻǣƶɮ֮£¥ǿɮһѣȻһʦ΢΢һЦ漴ؿ˵мҪͷСѡ
ʦ˵һ岻ݴǡɫһ
һʦ΢΢ЦСѲؽţֻͷСѸ紫һ仰˵ǿɮһȥ͡
֮ɫһʦΪɮһĴ֣ȻԳҶǳȥͣЩͬѰ
гɻ󣬵뻹ϵͷһʦģһϴֵġ
ãӷСѣƶɮȸˡһʦ漴¥Ĵ󷵻С졣

ʱҶǳѾִܲ


690 ټ
ܲһӴĳǳأǻҪ󣬵˳רǳأڵľҲԱļ
Ҷǳ֮󣬾ͽ˳ڣ֣ҩĵ̣ȻǾ¥ͿջȺȼ磬ѹѹͷһƬ
Щ̿ûҪĵҩҶǳë˵
ëҡͷ˷ʱˣҪĵҩʥҩǲڵģһô죿ּĵҩҪȥ˽ס
ҶǳЩģ˼Ҵ͵תתëԣЩ涼ûʥҩ׼ʥĵҩûС
Щ̵ĸҲ˵ˣҪ׼ʥϵĵҩֻȥڵĵרŽƷĵط
ܺңҶǳܣϾڳĿһƵľǳɣǴ˳ǵı־Խ
˵ĸֶڵ֮УʥҩȫģаϮǶаյֵë˵
ҶǳȵӦ޵е˰ɣѵҲ
ǺǣëЦЦ˵ȻûҪ˵ĸİ࣬ô϶׼ҡĵҩڶʧܵʱҲܹסǵİ϶ࡣټϴ˵ǵĴӪָʤԵƾһֳҲ޷ƴ˵أȻͱˡ
ҶǳԸпӶᡢᡢᣬ󹫻ܹǧ꣬ȻԼĵơ
߰ɣֱȥС椣ĵλܸߣܱɵɵתҪǿëЦŴȤ
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ҰԱһؿҶǳߵţҲÿ˴ﶼŶŵţȰ㻹ǻȥɡ
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ëʣϴóһƷݸǰԱЦ˵λСֵܣ鷳æͰ𣿡
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û⣬ܴˡëæ˵
ҶǳһЩһղ˵ĶǷϻֻΪҪôѡ
Сӣ˵ҪʲôëҶǳ˵
Ҷǳë˼³˼Ƭ̣ŶǰĹԱ˵߰˵ҪѪĵ
ҶǳǵõںⵤǣǰϵһɢޣӶõѪĵġ
ţֻҪ仰϶뵽
ãǵţðڵԼٹһʱҪˡǰĹԱ˵ˡ
ҶǳɵؿıӰ漴ë˵һﲻǵĺôͲ°ɡ
ģСˣעȻԺ˭ǰ£˵үƵбүµӡǣӲġëһЦ
һֱԱĴǵһս½ҲǵһᣬԶΧһжܺ档
ҶǳƺЩģ㿪˵ӣģԼڳڵתת
ëһóһƵݸãЦǱүƵС⣬һΧڿԱ˴˸ӦҪҲ㡣
˵꣬ҶǳһƣԼҲóһơ
öҶǳƣʶȻӦƵĴڡ
ƣֻҪ˲ֿ̫Զܱ˴˸Ӧõ
Ҷǳɵÿë˵ôõĶôң
үҲǽս֮󣬲Ūģǰû¡ëһۡ
æ΢΢һЦ뿪ˣȷҪȥתתϾҪϤս½һֱҶǳ
СӣҲȥתתͲͰСˡëٺһЦҲת뿪ˡ
ҶǳɵЦ
ҶǳûжƬ̣һɫٻӰԶҶǳ̧ͷĿȥ΢΢һϲǰ
ҶǳʱЦӭȥ
ȴһضҿ˵ûѪҴˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ֪Լڵò˱仯϶ϲЩɣҿ϶
ڵǰҺǸɢ޽׵Ѫ𣿡Ҷǳһ˵ʱ۾һȷǰ֮˾Ҷǳˡ
Ҷ磬ˡ漴һ˵رסҶǳ
һĻȴһƬȻΪΧˣ֪Ĵ˭뵽ȻˣǾϢ
ҶǳǸṤԱһĿɿڴ


691 Ļ
ǰҵӰȻסһˣؿڲҺ
һʻţϡʵصҶǳ
ҪңҪȥ˴ʵûֻԼڷйѡ
ʱһƬ
ҶǳеԼıڷֻ۾ڶݺݵضɱ˵ĻôѾˡ
ȿȣҾǻ뿪ΪҶǳɿ˼Իеİ˵
ʱҲΧʱͨһƬæҶǳʹҴ뿪ᡣ
һƬյ

뿪ᣬҶǳͰڴϱ߱ġ
Ҷ磬˵׼ҵ飬⼸껹ðɣ֪жൣ𣿡˵
⼸һֱ£Ͼ׼ǿսңҶǳлС
ֻҶǳһֱں⣬޶ݶʱ任Ҳֻܰ׵ģòҶǳһϢ
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ΪɱҲŸģ˵սҵǷǳ׺ݵһ壬ΰǵˣǻɳϱսǿ׷ɱ㡣һǵ˵
ҶǳĵѾɳϱսˣѾˡ
ǺǣˣҸıòҲҲҡҶǳæתƻ⣬漴ʵˣǸ׳ʱ仹ڷ𣿡
΢΢Ц˵ˣıɰ׳ˣﻹйҡ
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ЦŽ͵Ҳ֪ʲô飬ԴӵȥžͻȻ֮ˣһλʦˣҲ鲻ԭֻ֪ܵش
Ƕж𣿺ǺǣҶǳһ£漴ЩֻЦ
ҲһЦݣûžʱ࣬Ϊࡣ
ˣڻʲôʥҩҶǳ漴ʵû¡
԰Ҷǳһۣ˵ԭΪ
ɰӣҶǳˡ
ˣҶǳһ죬˶ţͳǰȥ
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Էʱ򣬰óһƿҩݸҶǳ˵Żʵ𵤣ʵ𵤵ҩЧǡ
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ҵսƷҶǳʼ
Ȼ
ֻƻʵ𣿡Ҷǳ漴üʵʵȻãҲֻܰͻƿҪΪʥҩС
ҽʦʦѡ˻ʵʥҩǣʸѡһʥѧϰֻЩʥҩҪƲ϶ʱҲֻŻʵ𵤣Ҳ֪Ҷ㶼Щϣûѡ񵤷˵
㿴ҩģҶǳԣóһöռָݸЩ⼸ռҩģǰë޵ȡõһЩҩġ
ӹռָ鿴û⣬ҩ֮ʱ𾪵ŴӣС죬ŵؿҶǳ˵Ҷ磬Щ찡Щҩ֮жвʥҩҩмֶս½ҩģôҵõ
־ҩģҶǳɻ
ӿռָȡ˼ҩģҶǳ˵ЩҩĶѾҩģ͸սҶûдء
ҶǳһеҩģʱȻΪЩҩɱλ½ţӶԷĿռָҵģʶҩġ
ս½ҩģ½ȴûо
Ҷǳ½¸߰
ԹصҶǳһۣҶ磬㻹ܹµģս½սˣھȻ½ˣҪԵа
ԵУҳΪս֮󣬱Ǿ޵ˡҶǳƵ˵
㷢ʱҶǳڴţˣΪЩҶǳ¼Ҳ˵һЩܻɱսҵӣ̤˾Žӵ츳ĿսǺġ
ȻҪΪսΪʼƣҪæСҶǳ漴԰Ц
΢΢ͷЦҶģѾ֪ѡʲôʥˣԻ⡣


692 ¶
ŶʲôҩҶǳʱڴؿİ
𵤣΢΢Цʥҩв֣жսǿΪаı𵤺ͻʵ𵤣սʵͻƿϣΪǿ
ս𼶱ǿΪҲа𣿡ҶǳЩɻʵΪʲôЩսҵ̤ս𾳽ΪĶأѲսһ𵤣
𵤹Ȼ󣬼ǸսҲƵʹãЩսΪģΪΪƿлʵ𵤵İǵս𾳽ǿߣѾ壬Ҫ壬岻ܽΪȥˣҲͻƵһ硣
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ڴʱë˽Ҷǳ˵ñү˵ԭү̤ս֮ǰκεƿǱү˸ߵȰ壬ʹñүԺÿһ㶼ƿ⿿ʵ𵤶԰үͻˡ
ǣ㶵ؿ߽ë
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦǵøߵֻʵޣѾԻγˡ
ԭˣ˵ôôԣԭһֻޡȻ
ë˵ս𾳽磬ҪģΪֻ㽫Բ磬Ż򡮵ˡܽս񾳽硣
ҶǳԵ˵ͷëҪΪս񣬾ҪԼġӡƬ֮УΪս½صķȱֻһλսĵÿһҲֻܳɾһλս
СӣԽǿİ壬ԽѡȻôҲеģΪԽǿİ壬ʵԽǿҶٳɹĻ󡣡ë˵
Ҷǳüô˵ӵ㹻𵤣Ҳ޷Ϊ𣿡
ô˵㹻𵤣ǾûҪʱսϣ԰Ѷʱ塣ëҡͷ˵
ҶǳЩʧΪõܹΪʥҩܰΪܿ
Ҳһսô׾ΪôЩսҵӣһΪ߼սˡ
Щսҵİǿߣ¶һˡ
ȻΪԽߣҩ˵İԽԽСջҪԼ
Ҷǳܿתͷ԰˵𵤵飬ͷˡ
ҶģҩӦÿƲ𵤣Ǽ½ҩģֱӾʹһ𵤣һҿջס£ҾͰ𵤸΢΢Ц
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ԹҶǳȥһҿջס£漴Ͱصᡣ
ȵҶǳؿջʱȴûע⵽һɫӣ͸һҾ¥ĵĴԶȥ
ӵԱߣվһĹԱ˶ӵϣˣһ˷ܵıס뿪ˡ
ӣŵĸͬʱҲĳϡ
ڵǵԴŷ֮ͻصܲչĶӡ
ϾΨһһӣ޷ԼĶӾôȥ
ʱ䣬뾡һа취Ķӣʦûã׼ңͬûã˿ɮһĸɮûá
֮еһеױԽʹޣǸױǳ磬Ǻ׼Ѿ֤ʵҶǳ
ֻһĿģǾɱҶǳӱѩޡ
ǣҶǳԴں¶֮󣬾һֱûٶҶǳʵǿҲԶԸġ
ԼԽ赶ɱˣѵһ׼ңһлҡ
սңҪɱҶǳ
ҪıҵҶǳ
ϣ˽ˣԶĳˡ
֪Ҫãã˺ҵҶǳʵĿ˰ϣҶǳͰͬһط÷ܿܵŮϵôҶǳ϶Ұġ
ˣһֱ˼Ӱһְİ˼棬Ͳ²ǲҶǳ
ϧһֱڱչʱûнӴˣֱ죬ӵҶǳע⡣
׼ҺлҴϢҶǳܿܽ˴С⾳磬ıΣôֻҪһƤߣظıݡ
ԶȥҶǳӰо˸һֱڴʲôҩܹս𼶱ǿΪ¾ΪҶǳǺǣʮְգ˾Ҷǳ


693 
ķǳҵҶǳֻҪϢ׼ҺлңôͿۿҶǳǰˡ
ϧˣŶ㿴һˡ
뵽ԼǸĶӣʱһıˡ
ɱˣܿתΪ˶ҶǳԹޡ
Ҷǳһһ֮أаӣȽҶǳеǰ취Ը㡣ҶȻˣȻϲ㣬ô͹ԹҵĶϱɡɭЦ

ʱҶǳڸϻؿջ·ϡ
ţôͻȻֱ˶ϵĸоҶǳ΢΢ͣסŲĿ⻷ΧɨȺûзʲô֮ˡ
Ϊﵽ˲֮ǿߣҶǳֱǺģҲԼֱ
ǣǳص̫ˣǿ⼸ֱֵɽ˺˸ôʵǿҲѷ֡
ҸıòҪͨԻȷҵݣ˭ϵóңҶǳɻ
ԼֱǣѾıòˣϵóǽ磬ǽ硣
Щìˡ
˼֮䣬ҶǳȻؿջëһ£Ͼ˵ǻܱһҪǿöࡣ
ʵϣȺ֮еȷڼҶǳҲֹһˡ
Ĵ֪֮Ҷǳǿߵֱ˼ʮڼҶǳÿֻҶǳӣȵһӣϻһˡ
һҶǳĳڹ۲Ҳ뵽ǼģϾǼôͻһֱܸӾͻһ˰ɡ
ߣҶǳµĴ㣬֪мʮԼΪЩֻӼӣͨӵĹ۲죬ҶǳҲҵΧȺеļߡ
磡
صջƿţҶǳʱëá
ҲҶǳ΢΢һ漴õ˵ͷҲҶǳ˵ͷ
Сӣɫ̫ãʲô𣿡ëҶǳɫԾɵÿѯʵ
ҶǳԳ·ϣҸоڸټҡ
ţ飿ëԾȵòǵһγ֣С椶ϲ˭ϵó㣿
ԣҲú֣ҶǳҲɻ
ëü᲻Ǹоˣ
Ǻǣÿ𣿱ҵﵽʲôԽǿֱԽ񡣡Ҷǳߵ
ëʱɫһݣԽǿֱԽ񣬶Ҷǳɲ֮ǿߣֱǺġ
Щˡë漴˳˼
ҶǳҲ˼š
˵òǵһγ֣ܻᱻϳѵԷֻǾİżÿǳص˶ȥԷҪôӣôܼӵĹ
ëҲôģ˶е֣һͷˮ
ֻԱߵôھ⣬Ҷǳ֮۾΢΢һ˵ǿܽһˡ
Ŷ
ҶǳԾɵؿá
ëֱʵʲô
һ˵Ҫȷһ˵ݣδֻпһ˵òΡ
ӭҶǳëĿ⣬˵˵ɣҸıòΣֻҪһ޸ôҵݾͻ֪ˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷģϾЩսҵ˶֪޸õģôӵˣôıòᱻϳá
˼ҶСӼû޸ԱݵҲûʩչ־ԵսϣӦÿκŶԡëɻ
΢΢ЦҸղžٵֻ֮һƷսпܻᱩ¶⣬ߵҲһ㣬¶壬˲³ݣôҶӺһȻҲᱩ¶ݡ
ҶǳǱõ˼ɵ۾һ鲻Խ˵
ëҲǱһ͸Ͼ˵Ͱ汻˷֣˴Ӱϲµݡ
ҶǳҺүүүүҲүүѧϰһжʲôܣҪѯ϶Բó
ëüЩǺܾǰ飬δ֪ͰĹϵ
ҶǳߵҲμӵǸ𣿳ҶǳѾ׼֪ôһΣǿ϶µҶǳˡ
˵׼ҺлǱһֱڼӰΪ˵ë
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦҪСսңܹ뵽ðҵңûܡ


694 
Ҷǳǲ´ˣǵˣ׼ҺлңһҶǳӵˡ
ûʲôֱΪʵ̫ˣɱҶǳջҪ֪ͨ׼Һл֡
ԣҶǳԵ׼Һлҡ
ҶСӣô죿뿪𣿡ëҶǳʵ
Ҷǳǲô룬ǱҽնɱģҶǳѾܾûгˣǿ²뵽ҵʵﵽȾ磬ԾɱңҲǸ𡣡
ë۾һҪƾͼƣǷɱ𣿡
ǺǣȻҪɱңǾҪٱҷɱΣաҶǳЦ׼ҺлѾˣȻᱣʲôʴȡ
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ϧû½Ҫٵõ½ҩĿǲˡ

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Сӣм𵤣ëȲʵ
Ҷǳһ۵İ岻ͻƣҲû취ΪٶҲûá
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еҪˡҶǳ΢΢Ц
ڴʱǰһ޼ʵƽԭͻȻʧˣռһ󲨶ǰľɫȻһƬдеĴɭ֡
ǵ󷨱ˡɭ֮дһȵ
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ҶǳҪԸ֮жʱɱ䣬Ŀ⣬ͺڿһˡ
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ҶǳۿǰλսӣǸһĨЦݣҪɱΪǵǸΪµɢ𣿽ǴһҪֵ꽣ʺɨսӵĳ
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ʱ׼Ѿˣ̧ƣֱӳҶǳ̬ǼĿ⣬ȫҪҶǳ
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Զʯ֮УлһǱس˳ѪҺŵصҶǳ
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뵽˽磬׼ӺлӾ͸Ӳܵˡ
ͬǽʴˣҶǳȻҲ̤˾Ž⽣ʵ۹ѵĽҪյӣȻ˫˫̤˾ŽҲ̫˰ɡ
ΪֹǻûлɽҶǳͬһˣϾݣҶǳѾܾˣѾ̵ӡԺ˰ѽҶǳ뵽һ
Ǻǣлӣл׷ɱҺܾˣѧԺʦǸֵлҸˡ
ҶǳһЦɱлӡ
ͬʱٿһѼƷΧɱ׼ӡ
һжҶǳռϷ磬ɱǰλӽڽڰˣǵҲԽԽء
ӣǷͷӣȻǽ춼Ҫڴ˵ءлӳ׼Ӵ
Ҷǳʵ̫ǿˣǵѾǿԵֵģһǡ
׼Ҳǰ׳գ֪úǰϾͳһȥ
ϧҶǳ׼ӣټһѼƷΧʹ׼·ӡ
лӳҶǳĹΧû˶ã㱻һٻӰסˡ
ʣãӶ˫֣ʹ춼ӰлӲش˻
޸۴սӰ֡
ޡлͫһϳõսϾҲΧ޸Ů
䣡òлӿڣ֣ʵǿë֮ϣϾ̤˾Ž򣬶ΪҲڶս۷壬ʵҶǳ˿
лӱôĺ޻֮Ͼл֮ǰѾҶǳˣǿ޸ŮǾ͸ӲǶˡ
Ҳû飬ϾǵΧˣǰ֮ˣֺб
ۣ
лӱѪȻսҵӣȻڴ˵ء
ܲģΪ̤ŽΪ޵еս
ϧһжΪӰ
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ëڵϵĿлӵ䣬ٿԶҶǳ˵׼ӣѾŵû촽£𺳡
ҶǳҲˣû뵽ҶǳߵһŮˣȻҲôԼͷϵˣͬޱ
ʲôʱ򣬷֮Уôǿˣ
в⡣
أ
ʱ׼ѾҶǳˣ֫İѼƷڵϣڵΪҲҶǳˡ
ŲԶѾɵлӣ׼Ȼ֮ɫ֪Լ³ԲлӺö١
ܲİΪһǿսҵӣǰ;ޱȹעҪưս½Ըڴ˵ء
ЩҶǳ׸߸˾ˣ׼ôʥӣһʲôԼΪʲôô׳յҪҶǳ𰡡


700 籩
ò˵Ҳˣֻǳ߹һЩѣãͷҲẦ£Ҳ־塣
ʱ׼ӣֻŵسҶǳеҶǳѾɱлӣɱң֮Ҳû֮ءǴһսҵ棬ɱң׼ҾԲŹģɱ㲻ݡ㲻ҪΪӵõ׼ҿԸһЩۣ¥¥٣޴ء
λ׼ǳ׻ˣҲϾлӵʬڲԶõл۾ɵúܴȻĿɲϣԼлһڴ˵ء
Ǻǣ
׼ӵвҶǳɵһЦ漴֮ɫսҵһ϶Ҫ̰֮һڣнʵ
׼ӵвҶǳᣬ¥¥ʲôЦ¥ѣ¥ϵôܻ׼Ը
οʵ츳¥ͽôܻ
ҶСӣôʱëѺ˹Щɻ˵
Ҷǳԣ΢΢һĨЦѩ𣿡
ˣҪȡѩëʱȻ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦһͷôȳѩϾѩǴȥ׼磬׼ǿߣ򣬾ʮҲѩλ׼֣׼˻Թ԰ѩͳ
ԭҪѩǺǣģûֵǮ׼ҿ϶㻻˵ġ׼ҲҶǳĻʱ˿¿ȷԼܹסˡ
Ҷǳë˵ѾӡΪսذɣ˵꣬׼ϵĿռָ
ë˻֣׼սԼأ漴ץʵһô
ңǿңĳϣɱңΪСʱе
ëֱӸһƣЦǶüսΪˣһᣬΣ
ҧгݵصҶǳҶǳˣҲģǺΪУδһ𣿡
Ҷǳ˵㲻ңһҪͼı죬ȻˣǾ͸Ӳ㡣
Ǿ˰ɣëҶǳ˼ų˲ȵĻӶʱͽȫ֡
漴ҽУζԲܣοëķ˲̺֮ԣоԼ궼ˣǳʹ࣬㰧˼ӣűճ˻ҽ
ëЦ㲻С椵ˡ
ҿ˳Ȼһ֪ڱҪҶǳ˵ͷЩµ˵
߰ɣﶯôҲע⡣ë˵ڿն𣬳ǰȥ
ҶǳҲ뿪
뿪֮ǰҶǳ׼ӵƣԼһţͷлӵʬϡ
ŵݺܼ򵥣׼ѩ׼ӣ˺Ʊ׼ҲҲӦ
䣡䣡䣡
Ҷǳ뿪ú󣬼ǿϢս𼶱𣬶Ƕһսʵǿ
ʣܹһӳôսǿߣҲֻиˡ
ȻЩǿߡ
лӣ
Ȼһսǿ߾
Ҳͫһ
Ϊǿڵϵлӵʬ塣
ʬôĴĿġ
Ͼһλսӵʬ尡
ǰӱɱѾֵ÷зˣھȻһλӼս½Ҫˡ
ʲô˸ɵģǿߺ
ףǿ쿴ﻹһšһս𿴵Ҷǳлʬϵźƣʱ
ơ׼ӵơԱߵһǿһ
λݵսǿߣȴǵһΧļλ˵лҶǳɱģ׼ҲҶǳ²ˣҪˡ
ʲô
ôܣ
λǿ߾
ʵϢ̫ˡ
ҪǴ˳ȥս½ڵġ
ʵҲȷˡ
лڷԼϢϾ׷鵽˴˵أϾᣬл˵Ȼᡣ
ҲûֱóǷţ֤лǱҶǳɱġ
˶ӣϢûסãлҲοǣ׼ңϾͬ籩һս½
ս½սңһʱȫˡ


701 ׼
Ҷǳǳķ粨̫޴ˣǻɱлӣǷ²׼ӣԺ䶯ս½
ʱս½ǳأ̸顣
ɱлӣҶǳ㵽лұضңݡ
лսǿս½ԣɱڣԱлҶҶǳĺ⡣
Ͼл⼸ʧ̫ˣǱҶǳɱʥӣպлҾˡ
лҵǿʥлҲ֮УлԪˡ
ڣӶˣ⼸ʧлҵһǿ߶ϲ㣬ǲŭ
Ҷǳ׼ӣȻԹ׼ҿɱʬ׼ҵսǿҲ˲٣ڵѰҶǳ䣬Ͼ׼ҵӻûֻǱҶǳ²ˣоȡ
սҵ˶½ѰҶǳ䡣
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øսҵ˶ܲˬϾĴ콾֮У˾⣬˶սҵˡ
üѹͷϣ˵սû
ôˬҲֻ˭Լӵ츳ء

۹ǡ
뿪֮ܲҶǳһٴλصǣСĽˣûйؽǣѡҹʱ䣬ȻֱӴӵص˽
ϾҶǳëãﵽ˴С⾳ϣȫС壬ݵزڻ¡
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Ҷ֣
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ԺӱصرרΪҶǳסÿҶǳǣڴ˵ס
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û뵽Ҷǳֻǳȥһˣǳôķ粨
Ǻǣ˭ǷأûбɱңֻñɱˡҶǳЦˣ¥ûаҵٰɣ
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ˣҶ֣˵²׼ӣ׼δһʵ
ҶǳߵȻѩҴӦ˻ʣҪȳѩ
ԻȻ漴ͷ׼Уӵĵλ϶ѩץѩ׼¯ģԱȻѩ׼ӡ
ҶСӣʱصǰúóأȻȺ׼˿²㹫ƽġëһѵ
˵ͷ˵˵ĶԣνһҪ׼ӵ׼˲ô֮󣬿׼˻
ģ׼ҶǳЦһԵʤȯգ˵֪ͨ׼ңһºһԭ۹ɽǵǡ
ɽǣЩɵЩ۹սϣټʮɽڵ޲ʱ֣ǳѾһƬˣô뵽ѽĵص
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц֮ѡɽǣԭһɽǿʮɽһΣգҲԼʱʮɽʮɽϤ׼԰׼ǿߵ׷¥дɽǣлҿԳǰѩǣȻԽݶ뺣磬ͬ԰׼ǿߵ׷ǳѾһƬ棬˾סҺ׼˴ôҲǣ޹ա
ĻѾ׼˼ƻȻˣһºҾȥ㴫ϢҶǳĻʱͷ˵
ҶǳЦھȥɽǲսˣ
ȵȣмҵø㡣æ˵ǵϴλΧߺҵһǿߣԱһλɮһǿһʦһʦڻǿ֮Ҵ㣬пȥСһˡ
һʦҶǳɫ΢΢һȻһֱǿ϶ս𼶱ǿߣܹٴǿߣôʵս֮У϶۷塣
Ͼλǿ߶Ҷǳˣٴǿߣ϶λϸһʦˣɼһʦжô
֪ˣпһȥһС졣Ҷǳ漴˵ͷͿɮһĹϵȻԷȥͣȻƴǡ


702 Դ
ɽǡ
ҶǳͨǵĴֱӵִ˴˳ǣǴӴڵĵ߳󣬿һƬ棬лв޺С
ǰɽǣ۹ںպĴǳأڵľкܶ࣬ǿ߷ǳ࣬Ͼ￿ʮɽǿ߽ʮɽԡ
ʱɽǷǳķ֣ǳѾһƬ棬ڵĽ൹ˣһֵҲѿǳѾױΪˡ
Źȥʱ䣬û뵽仯ô󡣡Ҷǳɵһп˵
ë˵ֿʮɽĳǳأܵ޵Ĺһǿĵ۹ɽ۹ôʮɽĳǳؾܵס޵Ľɽԭ۹۹ˣ֮ǰİл۹Ҳˣ۹һƬսң˭йɽǰæֵ޵ĽȻסޣڳӣΪһƬ档
Ҷǳ˵ͷëĻһѪʵѾ֪ɽǱΪԭ
ְɣһ£ǻҪëЦүﵽս𾳽磬ǰһЩǿ󷨶ԲˣҪ׼Щһϲ
ŶҾĿԴˣˣǶҪ׼áҶǳ۾һУ˵
ëйâһȻ֪ҶǳָġǶʲô޵ȡõս̨
Ҷǳ츳ֻҪվս̨ϣս½˾ӡú⣬ûĶ֡
İɣүᰲźһеģСӷҲﲻʲôæȥɣСܹ̤ս𾳽磬սȻһ¥ë˰֣漴գʼӲɽǣȻԴΪģʼ󷨡
һԹۿƺܺëΪȻЩַֻоĪ⡣
ӣһһλʦͬʱҲһλʦҶǳõɻ󣬲ɵЦ˵
ԭˣûȻ漴̾Ȼ󷨲ǺܾͨҲóڲһɱ󣬹ս۷ǿ߶ܿɱ
ôҶǳɴ۾ЩţȻ֪ëΪܸߣҲû뵽Ȼܹóô󷨡
ʱҶǳëóһֲɽǵĵ£ΪɱıԴ֮
жʱȻһֲ̺̫ˣҪôԿֲףѹø˵ɱһóɹܿɱս۷ǿߣ»ֿܡ
뵽ҶǳһºĽˡ
ë󷨣ټս̨Լ֣Ҷǳ׼ҡ
׼ҳ񼶱ǿߣҶǳҲߡ
׼ҵİͱˡ
׼ȻųǿսңǼҲֻӵһΪôܻ
ԣҶǳĻᷢ顣
봫ڵĵңҶǳʼƣ֮塣
Ҷǳ۾ſ˼˵鶼һľ硣
ʱҶǳǴﵽڶľΪֳˣʯɽŷ飬ơ
籾࣬ûһǽֹġ
ͨ˵Եúƽ磺Ҷ趯Ƿ硣ˮҲǷ硣
翴ţֻе紵ĳʱ򣬲ܸӦõ
ЩֻǶԷǳԵ⣬Ҷǳ磬ҪԷε⡣
֮壬ԲǴô򵥡
紵壬Ƿϵ֡
ٶȼӿ죬ٶϵ֡
࣬ʵΧĿռһ壬һﵽһĳ̶ȣ˺ѿռ䣬ǴԪ

ʱһȥ
ҶǳԺܸߣԷƵԽԽ˰ľ硣
Ǿ֮壬Ҷǳܸоһ㣬ͺǰһĤ赲֮塣
Ҷǳ֪ƿˡ
ҲҲûԼֻһ¾˷֮壬ô򵥾壬ôսǿͱ鲼ս½ˡ
ҶСӣһʱ䵽ˣղŴϢ˵׼ҵѾڸɽǵ·ˡ
Ȼëҡ
Ҷǳ۾Щ𾪵ô͹ȥһ𣿡
Щ˼飬Ϊڲ֮Уоʱţ·ֻȥ˼Ӷѡ
ѹЩս𼶱ǿߣͱչؼ꣬ʮꡣҶǳһп֮ɫ
漴Ҷǳ߳ңϡ
ɽǻӣһƬ档
Ҷǳϸ۲һ飬ûзëõ󷨣ò˵ëһΪ̫ˡ
ʱִ٣ԴүҲֻܲһɱ󣬵Ҳ㹻ӦȺ׼ˡëȻǫ飬һӣȴɵӶܿó


703 
䣡
Ҷǳս۳һֻ֣ӲԶץһͤëǶУĵȴ׼˵ĵ
Сӣ˵׼ǿʲô𣿡ƺЩģëЩʵ
ҶǳԳλӱһɱһǿǸ߼ս۷սڰǾδˣϾ񼶱ǿԪൽ˼ޣڳ˯֮УӶ֤򲻵ǲ׶õġ
ٺ٣ûа񼶱ǿߣ٣ᱻɱġëʱŵ˵
Ҷǳһɻض󷨼Ȼôǰôûм㶯ɱУ
ΪүǰΪ̫ˣս𾳽磬õ󷨶ǿߣҪķʱ䣬ҪķѸԴɱ󣬲˵ϣ͵һͲһܹĵġëһ۵
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷҲԣģĵҲ㶯ãϾһ̫ˣ򲻵ѣ˭ɵɱС
ˣ
Ȼ΢΢̧ͷ
Ϊߣʶǿܹ̽ķΧԶ
Ȼˣһˣһ۷ս߼ս𣬿СӵսǹĿ࿴һֱǴֱʡë˫Ŀⱬ䣬ۣ˾
Ҷǳɫ΢΢Զʡ
˻δǿϢѾƬϯеƶ䶼ɢһƬ磬Űء
ԶԶȥӰգԶٶȺܿ죬ƶ䶼Ѹ󣬷۵ֿһ㽵ɽϿա
䣡
һ˲䣬ǿѹȻҶǳѹ
ҶǳһЦ֮ɫ֪ǶԷڸ־ǺεǿľΪǴﵽ˵ڶ㣬ں̶ȵѹ
ëãǶս𼶱ǿߣ㲻ǰλս𣬵ҲܹɵֵסԷѹ
Ҷǳ
λսĿҶǳǵɫܱ䣬ͬ棬ɭϢɢ
һΣҶǳûиıκòˣԱλ׼ǿߣȻ˲ϳˡ
һλ۷սλ߼ս׼һǿҰҶǳŰеλ׼սǿߡ
ٷϻ콫׼ӽ
ȻԹԸǻ׼Ҳ׼һһ
Ϊ׵۷սû˵Աߵλ߼սѾڽǸûҶǳϾҶǳ츳ٸߣҲվûгΪս𣬺ǵΪ̫ˡ
Ҷǳɫ΢䣬׼ҵλսϣ˸߰Ͳмսӵһıʡ
£Ҷǳʾë׼ӡ
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Ϊʱ׼ӺǱ˵ңѪ֫͸ΪҲӡ޷ת˵ϢήңɫޱȲ԰ס
ڿλ׼ǿߺ׼ӵָһЩɫʣ漴ϲɫλ棡
λ׼ǿŭҶǳ㾹˶Դ׼ӣ
ٷϻ콻ѩҶǳȵ
λ׼սʱޱŭǾȻһС˺ǳ⣬ʵ޷ܡ
Ҷǳ㲻Ҫڽӣ㻹лĻᡣΪ׵۷սڿˣ䣬ɫ
ǲ
һ졣
Ӧ׼۷սһֻѪܵĲ֫֡
Ҷǳܹϵس֣λ׼սǿߵ棬Ӳ׼ӵһֱֻۣú߲ҺС
׼ޱȱϴ޺ͱҶǳնһֱֱۣҶǳһֻеĳˡ
Ҷǳ㡭

ֱд
ʱλ׼ҵսǿ߼ֱñףһŭݺݵصҶǳ
һƳ죬ɱˣ̲סҪˡ
ʱҶǳһֻסԱ׼ӵĺֻҪǰλ׼սκ춯λ׼Ӿͻɵ
λ׼ҵսǿ߶ʱˣֻضҶǳһҧгݡ
ǹ˼׼ӵİȫѾ޲ϽҶǳˡ
ѩͬĻҲ˵ΡҶǳ˵ס׼Ӻһ׼ӵɫӲ԰ˡ
ס֣һλ׼ҵĸ߼սæȵ
ͬʱΪ׵۷ս˻֣Ա߶ʱһռѷ죬߳һϤٻӰһϮɫȹޱȸ߹Ů
ѩ
Ҷ磡
ѩ󣬶ʱͿҶǳɵϲ֮ɫ
ҶǳҲ¶˵ɫ


704 ޳
ȷѩëҶǳȻǳѩֵʱ򣬾ϸ۲һ飬ȷѩ䱾ˣŷ
ţҶǳ˵ͷȻûۣѩϤֱͬȷǰ֮ѩ
ңѩڣҲܵ˺Ĳһ͸޷ˡ
˿Լٰѩ޷ٰ𣬱Ͼʲô˶ܹӵ
Ҷ磡ѩϲؿҶǳ漴ҪҶǳȴһλ׼ҵĸ߼սסˡ
Ϊ׵׼۷սؿҶǳ˵ҶǳӰɣ
ѩҶǳ˵
Ϊ׵׼۷սߵΪʲôӹ
ʵǿȷ׼ӣǻύѩ𣿵ǰ׳𣿡ҶǳЦ
λ׼սǿɫһ飬ǸղŻִ㣬ֻҪõ׼ӣǾͲٹ˼ҶǳˣȻϳ֡
α֤ǷŵѩʵطӣΪ׵۷ս˵
Ҷǳ˶ʵǿѵ𣿡
УһӿŲţҲκβ㡣һλ߼սߵ
Ƕ˼ˣı㣬ᱻҶǳļ仰ˡ
Ҷǳ״ɵüͷϼһѲ
һȽ֡
ڴʱë˵ɣǷӡ׼ӵΪҲѩΪӡȻ˺ѩ׼ӱ˴档
Ҷǳ۾һλ׼ս˵ⲻǾأ
λ׼սһۣУ¶˵ͷ
ǣλ׼սӡѩΪ˺Žѩſ
ͬʱҶǳҲſ׼ӡ
ѩҶǳ׼λ׼սǿߡ
Ҷǳˣ׼ҵλսǿߣű˴ˡ
еգƺЩˡ
˳ѩҶǳǰ׼Ҳߵλ׼սǿߡ
˫ƽϡ
Զ¶Цݡ
ֻ׼λսǿߵЦЩ䣬Щֻ
˿̵ҶǳѾĿҶǳϣûע⵽λ׼ս顣
úëҲԴλ׼սĳ֣Ȼ͸ӲעЩˡ
Ҷ磡
ѩͬһһסҶǳСҲҶǳؿڡ
ҶǳЩΣñط꣬ҲǺܼסѩ
ʱҶǳû˿ϾѩԼ
ȻʵޱȵĲпᡣ
Ҷǳѩ㷢֮дζʱһѱУƿţݺݵش̽ؿڡ
ɺѪҺʱͬ˵̵ĺˮҶǳϿգ͵緢ѩȾˣ϶ŲѪףЩͿֲ
ѩҶǳ㶵ѩг˲ţһ̣ƺʹֻ޷Լѩ˺ʵ
ȻѩһᣬضҶǳסеƣݺݵشҶǳؿ
أ
ؼʱ̣ҶǳؿڵսǱ壬ͷųɫĲùâѩɳȥ
Ѫ磬ĺԶ

ëǰһĻˣ漴ͷӦһһѩ
貣âңҪǸˣѩԻ棬ֱ롣
ס֣Ҷǳͺһ˲ëǰסëһ
С㡭ëŭϾͿҶǳؿڵѪҺɫкɫĶʱɫ䣬ѵж
ʣѵ϶жȻҶǳѪҺôɫġ
Ҳ׼֪Ҷǳǿ󣬹⿿ѩǵʵҶǳҲ¶Ψһֶˡ

ҶǳǸʴרԸǿˣƾﵽ˴С⾳磬ҲᱻⶾΪһ̯Ũˮ
Զλ׼ҵսǿһЦ
޳ܣǻųǿսңֱ޳ܵ˼㡣ëŭ
һֱλ׼ҵսǿ߱־裬ôҲû뵽ԷȻѩɱҶǳ
ѩ
ʱҶǳ˵ؿǰѩʵڲѩô
ȻѩɫޱĮ俴Ҷǳ˵㺦Ҹʣ
ѩǱҶǳоͻȻ䣬ݺݵŶλ׼սŭȵǿ񣡡
׼ȷ˵Ƿӡһּ䣬йȫӡˡΪ׵۷սޱȵ˵
ҶǳʱȻ֪ѩô顣


705 ɱ
ӣߣ
Ϊ׵һλ׼۷սƲص׼˵
׼ԶҶǳһۣǰλ׼ս˵̤˾Ž򣬾˸ʴҲСһҪɱԾ󻼡
ӷģǻֽҵġ׼ҵһλ߼սŵ
׼ŵ˵ͷѩԶȥ
̫ԶˡëԶȥ׼Ӻѩʱ֮ɫȴ춯öλ׼ս𿴳˵󷨣Ǿ͹һˡ
٣λ׼ս׼Ӻѩ뿪֮󣬱㳯ҶǳǷ
ȻҪ׼һٲҶǳˡ
ʱҶǳؿڵѪҺѾֹסˣǶҺȴڼȫϰʼľˡ
Ҷǳ߶ڵ̫𡢺ڤħĴѹƶأֶרŶԸ޿κΡ
ã׼ҵ˵͹ǿǶΪҶǳΪֻǴС⾳磬ʵѾ˲֮ڡ
ֶȻҶǳĲ֮ĻָǿؿڵĵѾָá
ֻǣ֮Ļָ޷ڵĶأҶǳڵǣЩƻѸٻָţߴһƽ״̬
СӣôëǵؿҶǳ
Ҳĵؿ˹
û£ⶾʱκβҡҶǳҡҡͷ漴俴λ׼սǿߣ߶󷨣ɱǡ
İɣѾ󷨵ĹΧڡëЦкܷŭλ׼սǿ߷ʱ򣬾Ѿ߶ɱ
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ɽǾҲ
һҵĹ߸ֱգֱ
󷨣һ׼Ҹ߼ս¶Ц֮ɫ
һȺˣܹʲô󷨣һˡһ߼սм
ԵúܵϾʵǲΪҶǳܹ˺ʵȳ̶ȣʦõ󷨣Żв
Ƿս½мλʦǲŲҶǳһССķˣʦϹϵ
ϧעˣΪëһλʦ
䣡
ߵ貵ĹֱȻһƬγһ޴λ׼սС
ԣɱ󣡡ͻȻΪ׵׼۷սɫһ䣬¶𾪺ͲŵĹâ
ɱ󣿡
ôܣ
λ߼սԣʱĿɿڴȻ˵ɱĴ
ɱ󣬲ĻϽҩëЦ
λ׼սǿɫѿ
̫ˡ
û뵽ԷȻԲɱ
Ͼʦܲóĳɱ
֣ûȫȽɱΪ׵۷սȵͬʱϵس֣ɱҶǳ
ˣëһЦƾ׼ҵλսɱҲΪ
˿̣ɱѾһ貵Ľâ߸ͬΣ飬ռ䡣
á
Ϊ׵׼۷սɫһ䡣
λ׼սϱ˴˵ֵϮâ
ǽâ̫ˣ޾߸λ׼սڵĵطûˡ
ƺƵĽâһƬӿڶ졣
λ׼սȻʵǿ󣬵ڼƬ֮Ҳܵش׷ѪɫҰס
Χ߸Ľâȴ޾һ㶼ûм١
ȥǱɡ
ǿ󷨣ҶǳҲǵһμɵ̾ѡ
콻ҩëűλ׼սǿߴȵΪҶǳѾˣⶾȻʱѹƣȴý⡣
ҩ׼ңȷǡΪ׵׼۷սȵ
ëԴŭүǻòͷˡ
˵գǲλ׼ҵսǿߣƾǱɱ
λ׼սǿȻ߾ȫֵɱ̫ǿˣȫ˵һֲĽâһܼغǡ
ۣۣۣ
λ׼սǿڲѪǱޱǱͣɫҰףԽԽء

쵰
ɣֺս
λ׼սǿŭ̫ˣһʵԷӳֻܱɱıǺܲģûɱһ˶׽Ҷǳˡ
ҩǵڡëٶȴȵ
ǣͻȻԶʴһĻ
ţҶǳüͷʡ
ֻмӰƿնһһ¶¶Ľ⣬񾡽ޱȣͬϬĵ档
лҵѣϽƿ׼ұصлɱеһλ׼۷սǿ߶ʱϲɫ


706 ߽
лң
λ׼۷սĻҶǳʱ۾һУԭ⼸лҵǿߣѹֻ˾˵Ľ⣬ֻǲ֪⼸ʲô
Сӣ鷳ˣ߸лϲǸ߼ս𡣡ëȻҶǳɫЩء
Ҷǳɻ㲻˵ɱԶԸ۷ս𣿽߸߼սѵܻƴ󣿡
׼ҵ߸߼ս𣬱үɱȻ壬߸ϲлǿߣǿɶǽǿߡëû˵꣬ԶոյλлҸ߼սѾڳֹɱˡ
Ҷǳ𾪵ǣ߸лҵĸ߼ս𣬾ȻΪ󷨸˴һƶɱ󣬺ݺݵغëõɱ
䣡
λлҸ߼սֺ֮£ëõɱʱܵƻټ׼ҵλսǿӦϣʱڲټɽǶҪ߸ˡ
Сӣ˰ɣ߸ϲǽǿߣ߸ײóɱȻɱ籾үõǿ󣬵ټλ׼սǿߵӦϣɱǳŲ˶õġëɫ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲˣҪˣ漴ã»Ҫӳˡ
߸лҵĸ߼սټһ׼ҵ۷սԼ׼ҵĸ߼սֲ̫ˣһ˶ҶǳëܹԸģοôһֻó֣ϾӵսȰ
߸лҵĸ߼սɵɱѾӽˣҲֻ㵲ס߸ˡüͷ˵Ȼ֣վֻһս𣬲ֱӺɨǿߡ
ϾʮˣĶǸ߼ս𣬻һ۷ս
û⣬ֻҪ㵲ס߸ϲʣ׼ҵϹѾүɱˣʣޣѾ޷вǣοǻк֡ëŵ˵ǻսֻ̨Ҫ׼ս޻ء
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ͬʱɽڵĲཨȫһֵƷգɱѾƻˡ
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λ׼ҵսǿֻ߳ǻǱͣһԹߺ޵صҶǳǣ޲ýǴҡ
Ҷǳվһ
Ϊ׵׼۷սɭȵȻѾŭ˼㣬ֱ̽ƣЯŻս񷣬Ҷǳѹ
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λ׼ҵ۷սѾɱˣվһλ۷սǿߣʵµһ룬նɱҶǳ
䣡
ؼʱ̣öˣֻϸ֣Ķʱһıⱦ漴ԽԽߣΪһ޴ĸɢ貵Ĺâһɺ嫵

޸
Զλ׼ս𣬻λлҵĸ߼սȫɫ䣬г˲š
أ
ѹľ޴Ʊ޸һ漴߶޸ͷųֲɱУ׼ҡлǿߡ
ã޸Ů׼ҵ۷սͬʱæˣ޸
ҲɢǱϾǰ׳գΪսҵĸ߲㣬Ƕ֪ĿֲԲӲӲ
䣡
޸ƥףһȥֲĳᴩɽǣ޴ĳǳظӲն롣
ҶǳëĿɿڴֹ֮䵽ϣֱӾͿԽɱˡ
죬ɱΧлҵһλ߼ս
ʣµļлҸ߼սæ˹ɱһֳʥɱΧס
׼ҵѣϽɱҶǳ߸ֻסһʱһλлҵĸ߼ս׼ҵλսȵ
׼ҵ۷սЦһʱ㹻ˣֻҪһӣҾնɱҶǳ
һսʣ̤˾ŽҲȵĶ֣֮ܺɱ
Ҷǳɣ
λ׼ҵĸ߼սҲɱҶǳ
Ϊ׵׼۷սΪ˱⣬ûʹԶֱ̹ӳҶǳ׼ֶնɱҶǳ
λ׼ҵĸ߼սҲ׷׷ɱë
Ҷǳ俴˷ֱǷɽսַ̨Χëս̨
䣡
貵Ľɫ˷
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һ޴ĽɫΣʱС
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еս̨棬Ҷǳëλ׼ҵս𣬷ա
һ̣λ׼սг˾ֺͲš
û뵽ҶǳȻһս̨


707 ɱ
ս̨

׼ҵλս𣬻лҵλ߼սȫ¶֮ɫ
׼Ҳ˵Ҷǳս̨ѾӸ𣿡һλлҵսȵ
׼ҵλսǿȷ޺ǵӵȷҶǳս̨
ǰս̨ôͣ
ѾûˣΪѾս̨֮Уһս𼶱Ϊһӵ䵽˾սʾ硣
ΪҶǳʮս⾳磬ս̨վսʼ㣬Ͱλ׼ս𣬻ëΪȫѹƵ˾սʾ硣
һҶǳľռ˺ܴƣѾ̤˾ŽټΪϵƣѹλ׼սǿˡ
ҶСӣжˣϼһｻүɡëһ˵Ѿָ˲˵츳ͬ磬Է׼ҵս׾١
Ͼ׼ҵսֻ̤߽򣬸˽Ķ֡
ˣԼҶǳסëؿŶλ׼սѾһɷڵɱ⣬Ҫй
СӣϵĶëЩǣϾҶǳжˣʵ϶
ģֻѣˣҲܹշѹǡҶǳ쳣ǿƵ˵ͬʱŶλ׼սǿȥߵĺΪ˴ԷӴѹ
Բѣ

׼ҵսǿԱŭǳԼ˵츳ҶǳҶǳĻ̫ˣֱݽ棬Ϊİ
Ҷǳе׼ƵĸʴƾΪǿҲԵֵܵص֣ÿһ缡ڸðɣ㣬̤˾ŽܹӳսΪ׵׼۷սȵ
𣿡ҶǳһѾ̤Žһսﵽۡ
䣡ǿƣҶǳϱս̨նڲ
λ׼սǿ߶ɫ䣬ΪǸӦҶǳϱ̫ǿˣǸеľ
һﲻжôỹսһλ߼սɻЩǡ
ģֻʱѹ˶أֶԽѹƣıԽǿŰɣǶ֣ԼͻữΪһ̯ŨˮΪ׵۷սŵ˵
ȻӦһɫĴ
ƣ
ҶǳˣֱӾͶս֮ǿ۳һɫĴЯƥܣײ
쵲ס
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λ׼սɫһ䣬ͬʱֵֵ
ɫĴƥͷųҵĽ⣬һɫ̫ըһɿֲϯ
ۣ
λ׼սǿ߱ɳȥһѪɫҰף֮ǰɱشƸˡ
ôܣ
жôỹս
һǼٵģ
Ϊ׼սŵصɴ۾
ڴʱһӰǰҶǳ
ǲҶǳɱһȭͺ䱬һλ׼Ҹ߼սԴ䵱ɣѪȾˣɫ˿䣬һı䣬񣬳ɭɱ⣬ʣµλ׼ս
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λ׼ҵ۷ս̳֣ʩչսɱҶǳ
ϧǣս̨һ춯صΪѹƵ˾սʾ磬Էӳ˺Ҷǳ
䣡
һƺ
ҶǳվԭأӲһƣû˿һɽһΡȡ
㡭׼ҵ۷սͫ𾪡
̫ˣҶǳĮؿһۣ漴ϳ֣Էֱ۳ϣͬʱһȭŴ򴩣Ѫʱ
λ׼ҵ۷ս𷢳Һ̵ܵشҶǳһȭֱӹᴩؿڣ䱬ˡ
ʣλ׼Һպ۷ս𣬾Ҷǳɱˡ
㡭ħʣµһλ׼Ҹ߼սѾŴˣȥֺ̿;֮ɫ
Ѿ˼꣬һ̣ҲܵĵĿ־ˡ
ʵҶǳ̫бˣһնɱȴƫƫҪ˴򱬣ɵĳǳѪȣʹս̨һƬ޵ǿҵӾ
Ҷǳ֮ôҲΪ˱׼ңϾ׼ҾȻѩɱֶβ޳ܣһ̫նˡ
ȥɣҶǳĳ˷ڵɱ⣬Ȼ𣬳ǰкӶųҵ˫ȭǰʣһλ׼սǿҲɱˡ
̶Ƭ֮䣬λ׼ҵսͱҶǳȫɱ𺳵һĻòԶüսλлս𾪺ﻹͣսˣѸ뿪˵ء


708 ݱ
ɵúãϻ쵰Ǻſ𣿻ǱСӸˡëλ׼սҶǳɱʱЦݡ
Ҷǳλ׼սϵĿռָ漴ϧûоȳѩ
ѩǿ񣬾ȳҲûáëҡͷ
Ҷǳҧҧ䣬ҪȳѩҪʵаʵٵõ񱮵ϿɣǾͿֱӴ׼磬׼ҷˡ
ãѩΪĿǰֻսʣΪս𣬱¯֮ǰһʱ䡣ë漴˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ׼ҪѩŽǾͱȵѩΪﵽս𾳽磬˷ܳɹ
սʵս𣬼׼ҵĵҩҲҪܳһʱ䡣
ҶǳҪʱھʵ
ݣ
÷˹űëս̨ɵþȵû뵽ǻһս̨ѹ֮ǰ򶨡
ٺ٣ëһЦݡ
ȿȣҶǳȻؿڣȳѪѪҺɫģڵ죬ʯͷʴһ顣
ëһæеʵҶСӣô
ްղŵս̼˸ʴıѾҸѹסˡҶǳ˰ֵ
ëüôѹҲǰ취취
뿪˵ذɣѱ׼ҺлҲǿߵҶǳ
ëҲԣ˵ͷ
漴󣬻صǡ
ôѾȺʱҶǳǻȲʵ
ëֵ˵׼Ⱥ쵰̫޳ˣȻٿѩ¶ҶСӣǹһ񡣲Ҳ׼ҵսʧ޴󡣡
һ漴ŵؿҶǳʵôʲô
ʱѹסˣҶǳ׼ҵ˵ǽʴרǿ˵һֶ
ȻǸʴԾ漴ɫҰףֶǳݣûнҩһУһ֮ھͻữΪһ̯ŨˮﵽС⾳ǿҲֵס
Ҷǳߵϧǻǵ͹ҵΪҵѾﵽ˲֮磬ֶȻѲκβҡ
֮𺳵ؿҶǳ
һԵһҶǳΪʲôôǿˣ֮ս½Ҳָ
ûнҩСӣ㵱ȷûнҩëɫ
̾Ϣ׼ƳֶҩרŶԸս𼶱ǿߣΪ˱֤Եǿ뾡һа취ԣнҩʵϣ׼ƳĶҩнҩΪֶΪ˶ԸһЩõģѰĵ˸ʹֶҩ
һȺ޳ܵļһúƫƫʲôҩëŭ
ҶǳҲüͷȻʱѹֶȴ޷һֱǱӰսģϾÿ֣ضᱬ
Ҷ֣Ϊ֮ƣֻȥС쿴ˣϴһʦȥСͣȥһǣûа취˶뽨
ҶǳƬ̣˵ͷǺãھͳǰС졣
漴ҶǳãʵӣǸһȥС죬ʲô㡣
ʱѾ鷳㹻ˣҶս½Ҳ˽˲٣׼Գȥ߶߶ʲô飬¥ңһڸ¥סҡҡͷ
СǿɮһĴӪɮһҲǿĴӪǲ̤ġ
ϾԴ˿̫ˡ
ܿɮһĿڱö䲻Ǻ˽⣬ԲҶǳȥС졣
ҲãౣأҶǳҲûǿ󣬱Ͼúëͬʱʱ̸ּܹ̿ΰҲǿڵ޸۹յķϣóΪסλлҵս֮ǰѾ˭ҲǷ˭ˡ
ӣ¥Ŀ䳤ƣסǳص¥ʲôҪ֪ϢҲǴóһƽá
Ҳûоܾƣ漴Ҷǳ˵ұˣ
˵꣬뿪¥
ҶǳЦؿ㵹Ǵ֪ͽӣһλ֡
ٺ٣ӣʵôǿҾٰ׳գҲܹµλ޸ŮˣȻҪͽٺЦ
һս£޸ŮĴҲǴս½
˭֪һӵ̤ŽĳţҶҵľӡ
һμʱѾڰ²ˣε֪һ˵סлλ֣Ǿ͸ȷõˡ


709 æ
¥һľҶǳϥʶ壬ϸ̽Լ
û̶ǰС죬ϾСҲδа취ⶾԼȿܲҵİ취ⶾ
ëվҶǳԱߣų˼֮еҶǳɵʵô
Ҷǳüͷ˵ⶾҵϸ֮Уڵ޷Щ鷳
Ҳܽ𣿡ëɻ
ҶǳҡҡͷЩѾˣҵû˿вһµɣʱҵȻⶾء
ëüҵķ˲㵹ǿɣڵʵ»ûɵ𡣡
ǰҹ̤ս𾳽磬Ҳɵ𡣡ҶǳЦ
вˡëƬ̣Ȼ۾һ˵㲻˵ĻָԵصƻĻָǿҲĲ֮ǿһЩǲǾͿЩأ
ҶǳͷҵĲ֮ﵽ˺ڣָǿǾͿһһеĶˡ
ͶëЦҪΪδֻһַϾҪս𼶱ˣʱ϶ٽ٣ԽٵΪ
Ҷǳ۾һͷһ⣬֮ǰţǼˣҲգʱѹסеĶأרĲơ
ڲȥС𣿡ëʵ
ҶǳȥҪȥģϾҪս𾳽磬֪Ҫȵʲôʱ˵ɮһа취ҽⶾء
һȥɣүҪˣ˳ָһСë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ţһȥˡ
죬ҶǳͳǵĴǰС졣
γ񷤵ĲܴʦǻҶǳһˣơ
ƽơ
ΪտɮһһСĸ֣ƲżɮһȻͣԾͽơ
Ҷǳ֪ƺţɵùЦ֣Ĳƣƣеƶ䰡
ӷ𣬿бƣҶʩ㿴Ķáһƽ˵
գҶǳһۣ漴ˣôڴ˵سˣܴʦأ
ܴʦѾ̤ս𾳽ˣҪһܴʦˣڱչ塣Ц
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷϴξͷܴʦսĹؿڣû뵽ôͻˣܴʦĿƺ쳾ˣǺǡ
Ҷ֣أҿ˵Ĵ㶼ܻɱлӣ²׼ӣɼΪѾ˸Īĵز֪Ƿ̤ս𾳽硣Цʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢ҡͷڵܴʦһս𾳽ؿڣС
츳Ҫ˶þͻս𣬰ʱ찡һת㶼Ҫ̤ս𾳽磬վս½۷ˡһǵǵһμ棬ʱһԲҪأǺǡһп˵
ǰʱ죡Ҷǳһ̾µ۹£ʱ緢µ۹췭ظɺɽ֮ǣѧԺ
ת۽ʮ꣬Ѿܹսҵӽ棬ӡ޸Ůǲ콾֮λ
ˣ
ƵҶǳĻ䡣
Ҷǳ漴뿪񷤣ָƣѾڵȺˣǿɮһպһʦ
ƶɮһҶӡһʦüĿһڼүүûһֵơ
Ҷǳæͷʦӭӣ
û뵽һʦȻӭҪ֪һλ۷ս𰡣ս½۷ǿߡ
ǺǣҶǵ콾Ӧƶɮӭһʦ΢΢ЦȻѾ֪ҶǳսϾҶǳʱֵķ粨ʵ̫ˡ
ʲô콾ǶˡҶǳǫһЦ漴˵ʦصң֪ʲôҪҶĳæģʦ뾡ܷԸ
һʦɫģǰǿɮһһűһ֮У֪ɽȥˣҲȥ޻أƶɮ뵽Ҷӳ
ҶǳɻǿɮһƣѵõҶĳһսǿ߽ȥ𣿡
һʦԿЦҶ֪ǿɮһĥõģùǿ󷨣ֻսµ˽ȥҵȴﵽս𾳽磬û취ͻ󷨽ȥġ
ԭˣҶǳȻս𣬲̤˾Ž򣬿νս֮ǿˣѹֿɮһְæ


710 
һʦһʯ£ԷϸļҶǳ˽⡣
ԭһ磬Ũ񣬶иĵرԼһЩǿޣΪɮһӵĻأﵽսʾĿɮһǿߣʸȥ
һΪɮһһǿߣ˿ɮһǿ
һȥĿɮһǿߣҲûг£޼һЩ˶ѣȴδһˡ
ǲǰɮһһһšΪΡҲ֮ǰ¥䲼ʥϵĵһڽսʾ֮Ҳʱȴһֱûг
ɮһǲսʽȥѰΪε䣬ɽȥˣҲûг¿ɮһĸ߲żˡ
󷨵Եʣÿɮһսǿ߽ȥɽȥսֶȥ޻أ޲ˡ
ʱҶǳĻ磬ɱӣս½˿ɮһ߲ĶС
ڽʵݣɮһĸ߲֪ģϾҶǳɮһھһǧꡣ
뵽˽ĿֲʵսеǿߣԿɮһҶǳ
һʦȷΪǻ𣿡Ҷǳ˽ľ֮󣬲ɵѯʵ
һʦæͷǿɮһ˶ƣһƷ飬ܹȷǶš
Ǿͺã˻ţϣҶǳ˵ͷ
һʦŵؿҶǳʵҶӣ㿼ΣģǾԲװְæ
һʦû˵꣬Ҷǳֱӽϣҡͷһʦǧô˵ϴǿɮһκֵƣǵҲҽܴʦִƣһҵĶܴСæȻ岻ݴǣ̸ʲôͼˡ
ƶɮͶлҶˡһʦмϾ治֪ʲôΣգҶǳϳðһյġ
һʦмҲҪҶǳ漴ǰ׼ҵĸʴȻʱܹѹƣʼ޷Ӱ쵽ҵս֪ǿɮһǷзҽ˶
ʴһʦɫ䣬ȻֶĴæ˵ҶӣܷƶɮѰ
ȻԣҶǳ˵ơ
һʦ״һָҶǳ󴦣һ̣üͷ֮дһ˿𾪵ȻǸʴƶɮ𾪵ǣҶȻﵽ˲֮磬ѹֿѹסʴǻƶɮ˴˶ͻΪһ̯Ũˮˡ
ҶǳЦҵĲ֮Ҳֻǿѹƴ˶һս˶ͻᱬӶӰ쵽ҵսȻҽս𾳽֮󣬾а˶ʱҾû취ǵˡ
һʦ˵ͷ˵ҶӣԵƬ̣ƶɮȥͼλһ£ʲô⡣
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴Ŀһʦȥ
ûãһʦͻˣһģһˡҶǳˣվӭ
ΪˣǵΧλӣһλ񼶱ĸǿߡ
ҶСѣּˡɫ΢ЦſҶǳ˵
һԵһʦҶǳܵǿɮһһλӣһ
һҶǳɫŹ֣Ż˿ЦãǿЦһʦ
һ˵ҶС׼ҵĸʴɷɮһʦҶǳʵ
ͷһʦˣҶǳ˵ͷ漴ơ
һʦͬҶǳƬ̺üͷ˵ȷǸʴֶݶҲҿСѵǿ˲֮磬ȻͻΪһ̯Ũˮˡ
ӣа취Ҷӽⶾ𣿡Աߵһʦæѯʵ
ҶǳҲڴؿǰһʦϾһλ񼶱Ĵڣվս½۷塣
˶һʦӭҶǳĿ⣬漴˵ʵҶСѾа취˶ˣֻҪҶСѵٽһԲ֮ǿָȻ˶
һʦȴʧˣҶҪһȴ졣
Ҷǳͷҵа취ΪǵҴﵽս𾳽Уֻһû취֮оȳΪˡ
ǺǣֻҪҶСӣܹٽһʱʴͲڻˡһʦȻƣֻĸһŽӲӵʯͷɢһĺƵ
ӣҶǳ۾һңԸоǰǰĲͬź嫵


711 
Ҷǳӣںʯ޻ڴʦʱ͵õ޻ڴʦӣҽӴ˿ɮһ޻ڴʦ԰Ϣ
ǿû˿ֻ޻ڴʦһЩм䣬Ҷǳʹеõ˿ɮһĹ
֮û˿Ϊ޻ڴʦʱѹˡ
ǰ棬ȴǳһҶǳӴƣӵУΧĿռ
һλԲźµӣһʦɫ֣أ˵λһģǿޱȣһ˲֮ԣӣӦһ
ӡǰ
Ҷǳԣʱ𶯣æƴǵʦһλӵӣ£ʦǿջذɣжһ֮ҵΪǡ
ҶСѸ壬ǿɮһҲװðհæӦõġһʦ¶֮̾ɫ漴ҡҡͷӵݸҶǳ
ʦҶǳһɡ
һԵһʦ΢ЦҶӣ°ɣܹƣܹõӵϿɣҷԵ͸㣬Ҳñɳ
ҶǳλʦȰ˵ֻӣر֤λʦģһὫΪƽ
һоͷҶСˡһʦͷ
ҶӣͰסڴ˵ӣù֮ȥ硣һʦ˵
漴λʦ뿪
ҶǳһֱĿλʦԶȥŻݣóϸ
ǰ񼶱ǿµӣǾ˰ܹ֮ȷҵٴ
Ҷǳɵ̾
ʱ䣬Ҷǳһֱʯ֮бչӡ
һ֮ҶǳͽӸˣϾӵ̫ﶼס
ǳӴҶǳһﵽ˲֮ڣҲûнӵȫգк֮ܶУȴ
֮ڣڵΪѾױˣս½ҲҲǿ˰ɡҶǳŵ˵
ȷֵ
ս½ܹɲ֮ĶָοǴﵽ֮ڵǿߣǾ͸Ƿëǡ
ҶǳĿǰҲֻ֪һ޵ױ⻹ǶԷ׳ĥͳǿ塣
ҶǳϵĸʴûбǱ֮УѲ
ǣָʴѾ޷ҶǳвˣΪʴɵƻ粻֮Ļָ죬Ҷǳս»ָ۷״̬
ֻǣⶾվҪġ
ҽսٵӦÿɱֶҶǳ˼
ٵԺɱһɱʴȻҲڻ£ʱҶǳͿٵʴ
⣬ȵҶǳɵʱҲԽ˶
ֶΣҶǳҲͲٵĸʴˣ죬ȥһʦˡ
ϾΪǱ֮Ѿȥʱˣ˭֪ʲôʱΣգǳΪ
ҶӣĸʴôˣһʦһҶǳȲʵ֮⡣
Ҷǳ˰֣˵Ѿްҵսȫָˡ
ǾͺãһʦһϲҶǳս֪ģԻɱսҵˣսʲǿĴڣ˵˭лȳΪεˣô϶Ҷǳˡ
£һʦҶǳڡ
д֣赲ס˵Ľ롣
һʦָ˵ֻ赲սϵˣսµľͿɽ
ҪҲСս𾳽أҶǳһɵʵһϾڵΪʱп壬̤ս𾳽硣
ʱ򣬱ǾЦˡ
ǺǣҶģս𾳽磬ôûġһʦЦ˵ҶǳĹǡ
ҾͷˣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴һʦǰ󷨷ȥ
һʦĿҶǳ󷨡
ſռһ󲨶Ҷǳͽ֮Уû˿赲
֮ڣҶǳһʯ·価ͷһʯš
ʯźؾ磡Ҷǳв²⣬漴ʯţƿ̤С
һ̣һƬ峺ĺˮҶǳӿ㵵ȥھȻһףұһʯڸǣǳۣһ˺ѷִ˵ء
Ҷǳ֮󣬾¸ǺþʯȻӺ׳ȥǰ硣
һƬïʢԭʼɭ֣Χһǳ£ǸŨԶʱشһ޵˻
Ũս½ǧٱ϶вֹһҶǳɵһ


712 ֮
Ŵ˵ŨҶǳ²϶вֹһ̲סʩչر졷̽Ѱµ
Դˡر졷֮ѾΪϰˡ
뵽ǿɮһĵطҶǳʱס˹Ͼҵ˴ҲúƤȥ
Ͼⲻ磬ǿɮһ磬һжڿɮһ
ȻҶǳһЩɮһҲֻոյõ˼͵ӣȻñ˵ı
ӦúܴĴ˵
Ҷǳܣ̽ʶȴֻһƬԭʼɭ֣ڴ˵˸ǺţȻͷա
ҶǳɵĺܸߣӸ߿иӶ£һƬ޴ԭʼɭ֣Զһ˷ɽ
ҶǳȵǣƬԭʼɭֺɽΧһƬɫĴ󺣡
ɫĴޱ޼ʣƾҶǳǿ߼ʵģƬԭʼɭֺɽΧסˣ˵صһĵ죬һ硣
ݣ
ڴʱһЯ貵Ľ⣬ӲԶɭĿҶǳ
һǳ죬ҷǳֱӴҶǳԴҪǱˣ
ţ
Ҷǳüͷ
䣡
Ҷǳ̾͸Ӧ˺׷ķϢҲ룬תһȭҵĽȭȥնһ
Ҷǳ𾪵ǣǿһȭȴֻǿɣûн顣
ֱ˼顣
Ҫ֪ҶǳʵʩչȭһȭȥԿشһλսҵˣһɽ嶼ܹ䱬˵һ
ʣˣһǿߣʵЩսҵӲ٣ǿһЩ
£ҶǳҴ⣬ϴӸ߿нǱïʢɭ֮Уɲٱ˵ɰӡ
ͬʱҶǳҲķٸȥҪղųֹ˭
˵ǿɮһ磬ֻпɮһɮܽӦ˲Ŷԡ
ǿɮһɮˣܻԵ޹ʵض֣Ҷǳɻ󣬱ԽҪҵղųֹˣһС

Ҷǳٴïܵɭ֮Уǿ󣬼ڵϱܣٶȶǳ죬һգ۾ʹһƬ֡
ԶһֻںӱߺˮȻеķͷһȴʲôҲûз֣ͷˮ
Ҷǳٶ̫ˣֱسɴ࣬ո̤˱Ѿڰ֮⣬ԭֻһӰ
ݣ
ҶǳеĿĵصʱͻȻǰ֮һɫ֮ǰǸһǿ󣬴̶ĺХ;Ĵ̴ˡ
䣡
ʸڿ֮б죬ƥķâ̵Ƥۡ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬æóɫؽֵ
Ȼǰδ֪ѾӦĵѾˣǰֶԸ
ҶǳǺεɫؽǰֱȥ貵Ľ˲䱬һ콣âʱмĽɫ
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һ촫
ҶǳδˣǸɫѾûйͣԭأϳǰ
ݣ
һɫĿҶǳǳĿ졢׼ݡ
ʣǰǸˣһĹ֡
Ҷǳɫ΢΢ٶȾɫؽĽɫǽмɫ
֮еǸ̫ˣҶǳٶжô죬޷ЩĽɫ
ҶǳһֵʮΣҲоͷˣϾɲԸ
򽣾
£ҶǳٻһѼƷһƺƵĽǰХȥ
һѼƷǳֱͣӾͽǰһƬָݻˣҶǳ߶ʱһ۾ͿǰһӰڻеĽɫ󹭣ֵΧļƷ
ȻҲû뵽ҶǳһУûüأͱһѼƷΧˡ
ҶǳϸǰĹ֣һˣһͷ̷Žɫսףǳ䣬ɫƽȣܵһѼƷΧɲŲæػӶеĽɫ󹭣һķֵ֣סһѼƷĹ
Ҷǳޱ𾪵ǣǰ̷սΪֻսʾ磬ȴӳ˿սӵʵ
˭ôڴ˵أҶǳɵúʵͬʱٻһѼƷ屬ӶȭԷ
ãź㣡̷ս䶢ҶǳһԼٶһɫҶǳһ˿ɣȭǵˣԣӦûзŶԡ
Ҷǳйâ䣬Էһ۾ϳ˽ȭ֪Ĵڣôʣ϶½
Ҳ⣬ΪζԷֻսʵΪȴӵпսӵǿս
ֻҶǳ벻ͨ½ˣô硣


713 Ĵ
ݣ
źʵǳǿ󣬼㱻ҶǳˣɿԿٵٶȿҶǳۻңһɫѾ
Ҷǳ֮󣬽˲֮ڣޱǿֱͽ־ץס˽ɫӶȭͷź㡣
ǿʹҶǳĽȭ˿ֲܣȭͷͬһɫ̫â貣ҫۣͷų˵
أ
źվǹ֣Զ̹Ҷǳ֮ЩƣڱҶǳһȭˣѪˡ
ʮսʣ㵽˭Ĵ̽磬սϵΪ˵أô͵ɽġźҶǳɫ
ԼǲҶǳΪ棬ϾֻսʣҶǳȴʮսʡ
֪ս½
Ĵɡû뵽½ôǿ߽ôΪǣ϶ǱĴɵ˸ץˡ
źĻҶǳ˼ת˲һС
֪ʲôԭ򣬵ͨ½ǱߣȻ½Ĵɷ֣Ϊĥӣǲӽ̽
ΪãĴɵ˷ˣӦñǸ²ˡ
Ҷǳ²⵽ľôӦø²Ĳࡣ
ȻˣǾȻ׽ˣΪǵ䡣Ҷǳգָˣһʩչȭһ߻Ӷɫؽϵعź㡣
ۣ
ź㲻ҶǳѪɣûɱҶǳ֮ıһѼƷΧ

ҸôΪɱͬ
ź㶢ҶǳŭͲʡ
ҶǳЩݸǰǱøΪѹڻøΪѹƵˡ
½ߣս½ƣͬһ磬ҶǳδǴ˵Ķ֡
Ͼ˿½һš
ժ֣
Ҷǳشź֮ʩչժ֣źеĽɫ󹭣ȻٽãӡΪ
ſңų򣬿ɸͬһսźŭصҶǳ
Ҷǳм׳Ե޹ʵ͵ϮңѵһҪ㹫ƽһսǲǻˣ
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źߵҪɱɱΪһųҲŲõܣˡ
˭õܣҶǳƲƲ죬˵ֻҪ֪û˿вңʡ˵أҲɡ
źЩɵضҶǳȷҴõܣ
ɻǱȽҳϵģó棬ܱסȻɵþϾ츳ǿδǰ;ôôˡ
ղ˵Ĵɣң⣬ɣҶǳ漴ʵ
źһʱ˿ƽ漰ʲôܣѿڶ⣬в̡źħ
̣
Ҷǳ֣ٶȶʱӿһЩжһ⡣
Դӵֲ֪ս½ȱݺһֱû뵽ȴл̵ˡ
ȻҶǳҲûܹӲ̵ĵõϾǿĹڴڵʱƣսҵսһ׽ǣҲ޷ѧϵĹ
ܹǰӴһ²̣ҶǳҲбҪġ
£ҶǳʵĴɣж˽ˣʵǿļˣǵΪʲô磿
Ҷǳһ˼⡣
ź˼Ƭ̣ЩⲻʲôܣϾĴɱ˴˶֪ҲͲֱ˵ģĴɸʮ˽ʵǿĸˣֱõĴ̵࣬üŵħȡһĴɵ洫ӣĸеٮٮߣ̤˽ţΪҲսʲΡ
˽սʣ
ҶǳüͷȻΪʮսʣĸ˸ĸΣҪ֪Щ½ˣÿһ綼ﵽʮǡ
սʿսսҶǳһǡ
һ㣬սʾ൱ս½ʮսˡ
ңǻǰ˽š
Ҷǳ̤˾ŽҲһΡ
ҶǳǿޱȣƣӦܹĸ˿⡣
һ˼ҶǳѾĿǰȳΪǣҪ͵ϾǵĴ׷ɱҲ᲻еġ


714 
ԼʵĴɵλֲ֮ҶǳҲͷ˵İվʹˡ
£Ҷǳѯź㣬˵֮ǰһУĴɵģ֪ĸɵ𣿡
źԳĬˣƺغʲôܣһʱЩԥ
Ҷǳ״ʱ˵֮ǰѯʵ⣬Ҳˣ漰õܣ˵㻰شǾͱĺˡ
źҧҧվǲǳҲץ˼УǶһɵģԳƿɮһʦִ̽ǵÿֻ˾ǣӦһСɡԣǲ²⣬磬ͨ½֮⣬ͨһС硣
Ҷǳһ¶ˣΪǹȻǱĴɵ˸ץˣ¼ʵд£ˣˣʳС𣿡
ǵȻˣֻǶ˵źʱϴһ˿ȣ˵ǵ츳ܲǵľΪ־ǿһ֣۶̱ʣǶй¶ͨСڡ
Ҷǳһ䣬Ϊǳ˲ٿͷˣþǳϾ˭֪ǻֶܹá
ǰź㣬Ҷǳм˼š
ΪǱĴɵ˸ץסˣҪǶȳһСѶȡ
ȻҶǳʵĴɵλǿߣĴɽʮˣһ˵вôˡ
ңΪǻڶԷУһ̼ĶԷɱˣǾͲˡ
˰죬ҶǳҪȥУǺУнȭź½˶֪ս½͸һȥĻᡣ
Щ½ߵߣлȳΪǡ
뵽Ҷǳɵýź㣬ΪҪȥźУϾûźڻһĴɵˣҪǴ
㡭㻹ʲô⣿ź㱻ҶǳЩڣҪǣҶǳɱڣʱЩҪ˵㻰Ѿش⣬÷ңҲǺǵġ
ҶǳЦҶѾˣڷ㣬϶ټõɱңְ׳𣿡
źһʱɫͲµҶǳôķŹջҪɱڣҶǳŭɱңõҲ㣬ǾԻὫҡң滹Ĵɵˣ߳ȥ
Щ鷳ˣҶǳ΢΢Ц˵ɱ㲻УҲУ˵ô죿
źһлᣬæ˵ңҿԷĲ㡣
Ҳ㷢ģҶǳҡҡͷ漴ź㣬óһʯͷЦɣνλͬţ϶Щʷһһ˵ȻӰʯͷ¼ҾİѱҲ㱨ˡ
ʯͷǵ磬СɸҶǳģǰģл¼һЩСľ
Ҷǳѯʹë֪ʯͷӰʯֻҪ߶սµǰӰ񣬿Աܶ겻ɢ
Ӱʯ
źҧгݵصҶǳȻϵӰʯϾ½ʶ㡣
Ҳ֪ʯͷˣ˵ɣҶáҶǳЦ˵
޳ܣźŭҪ˵ˣӰʯ¼Ժ¾޷Ҷǳˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦӦúҲŶԣûӰʯĻֻѡɱˡȻģֻҪûе⣬ңôӰʯԶȥ
źҧҧջѡ˵ͷϾزˣȻҪסС
ǣź㽫νλͬŵһʷ˵˳ʲôĳĳ͵鰡ʲôжɽãʲô͵ԼɶȻԼɩͨģҶǳһ
źȻҶǳбֶΣԷǳʵؽһС
ҶǳǲģӰʯ棬ŭǾλͬţõ͸ϡ
źҧгݣǰѾˣܲܵ﹦һɣΪ˱סֻѡȥˡ
ֱһУҶǳӰʯȻЦſź㣬˵֣ԺǾԼˡ
˭ԼˣѾ˵ˣҡźߵֻ뿪˵أټҶǳ޳ܵˡ
ǺǣӦõģ㻹ðҸæҶǳЦ˵
źʱҧгݵصҶǳŭû꣬ɱңӲˡҲǱˡ
ҶǳóӰʯЦе˵Ҫô˵ĻҾͰӰʯȥʱˣ㻹мء


715 ȥ
㡭źҶǳȴ˵
Ǿλͬţź㲻Ǻ⣬ӰʯУ¼͸ϵӰ
ҪǱõ͸֪ˣԻὫңˣǣļ塣
Ͼõ͸ϣ½պĴôܻŹǵˡ
֣㻹ǹԹԸҺɣҶǳźļ漴⿪Ϊӡó˵ҩݸ
ߣ˵ҩԼŰɣźֱӰҶǳ˵ҩˣȻлϾҶǳһвʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳԴҲ⣬Ц˵ģǶæֻõһжϾҶСҲܺ档ʱұһݾˣ˵Զ磬ֻҪǾλͬŵĻɾˡ
ź㵽Ҫʲô
Ѿ˵˰ҲСܺ棬֪ԼһѰң϶ÿ죬Ծ͸һˡ˵ʮˣѵһ𣿡ҶǳЦ˵
źƬ̣ûʲô⣬㿪˵ԶûУһܣںСʱΪ츳ڣ˵պûȭð˰ɡ
ŶðǵǲպеƣҶǳ˵գóһƣŵ֡
ǵڹʱںɫɱһλ½ţ˾ǵˣĿռָҶǳõˣоһơ
źȻˣϵģɴ۾Ŵͣһɵǵˡ
Ǻǣ˵ǾǰɡҶǳ΢΢һЦ
Ҷǳ˵źҲͲѯˣϾ²òͷ
ź漴ԼóһЩ˵ҩʼ͵ˣϾһƻȥҲúǾλͬŽ͡
ҶǳźõҪӣܾܲȳΪǣʱҪźˣȻź¡
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˵գ߸Ծ𣬼˸䣬ʧɭ֮С
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҲȥٶȱź㻹Ҫ죬ɵؾܹź
źƳҶǳһۣҶǳȻܹɵظԼЩˬӿٶȡ
Ϊһ֣ҪıǷӦٶȿ죬źԼٶȺţ֮ǰǱҶǳһѼƷΧ򲻹ҶǳҲаߡ
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½һҲǷǳѵģѡҪķѵʱ̫ˣҼޱȣѳɹ
ԣ½Ҷǳսʾɲ֮ˣҲǷëǵĴڡ

һ·ɱʱ䣬Ҷǳǰһ׵éݡ
˭ڴʱé֮дһȡ
һ̣Ӱé֮гңңҶǳǡ
ǿǰź֮ϵľ趼ʧˡ
ź㣬û뵽Ȼû
Ÿ磬Ҿ֪㲻µġ

Ӱӭлм˺źӵȻǵĹϵܺá
ţֻ𣿴ʦ֣أź漴ʵ
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źɫһ䣬ֲõԤС
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Ҷǳ漴ĿһɨéݵĽ濴ӡΪһ˵ĹͷС
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716 
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Ҷǳ΢΢ƳһǣͲٹϾ˻ɡ
۲éˣ漴ڴǰĲϣ߱ʬ塣
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ʱλõӣһߵ벹̵ƴܾˣôᱻشҲùɱˡ
ǣ벹̵˴˰죬λʦֵܶĺܴ󡣶ŵˣ͵ڰ·͵ϮǣݴͣܵУ
ŵ̫ˣԺǣԲŹǡ

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Ҷǳ΢΢һνĴɣϵǺܺãҲһ㣬ȳΪǡ
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ͬʱҶǳҲЦſ˵ҽл٣źıܣλ̤˰˽ҼڵҲǾܹһҡ
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ҡͷûУЩһӲôĥǶ˵ҹƣĥ죬ǾҪˡ
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Ҷǳһɵÿ˵磬֣԰ɣ
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717 
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һʵСȻһֱڰУǸɶܼɵ
ӦǵĹɣ

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һǵˣź㰵뵽ڼѾȷҶǳǵĵˡ




ڴʱɫ֮дλɮһɮ˵ҽֲͬٿֲ;ʱ򷢳ĺֱͷƤ飬
λɮ˱ݵ̫ˣ˵ļλõӣҶǳһ
Щ˿ĺ͵˴ݵôʵҶǳ뵽
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иɵ˵ֶλǿֲҪ֪־ܼǿ֮ǰǰĥǣǶһڲŸտʼ̲סҽУɼܵĥжôֲ
ѹǰλϸ˵һҪСģܲﾡǣǱ²ˣһҪǰɱ³Ȼϲҡһλõĵ˵
࿴Աߵź㣬ЦλʵܲһǾаشŵǼˡ
ʦַģλܵ츳ȻҲһ㣬ϾʮսʣʵҪǿܶࡣźæ˵ֻжҶǳӼɵηˣϾҶǳֲֶ̫ˣҪõϣ붼оͷƤ顣


718 ѩ
λɮһɮ˵ĲҽһʱǶڱݻǷǳҵģҶǳһ˹
λʦˣˣҶǳ漴æλʦͬʱ߶Сؽλɮ˵ඳᣬҲ˺ܹƵĵӦ֣ˣ»ֱλɮˡ
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ʥҩ˻½ֵҲͣû뵽ǵôáźĽ
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ҶǳҲ𾪣Ʒʯս½ѾҲƷʯˣߵȼʯҲǼƷʯѡ
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Ҷǳʱ⣬Ҫɱ½ˣǵĿռָ棬϶мƷʯ
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࣬°ܽȻȡ裬

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漴˸ڿնɫЦؿŷõǡ
Ϊ׵һ꣬ŭȵ棬ϴû͵ϮңҪ㸶ۡ


719 پ
࣬ҪұǾҪǲˡЦ֮ɫ
Ϊϴ͵Ϯɱλõӣֻŵ䣬ռƣĶһĵӣϴλӶһ޴ơ
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໰һ䣬еĴѾһҵ˺Ѳգɱ档
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ҶǳЦȻǱɱˣֵˡ
࿴Ҷǳæʱϲɫ˷ܵЦֹȻһɱ
ԭл٣ãҼסˣձص㡣ŭ
ҶǳԴ˲мһˣϴһ𹥻棬ֲĻ٣Ժһٱ˫ֻӭء
ǷͬʱԶս½Ļ磬ڱչȻ̲ס˸磬ʱ۾üͷ֪ΪΣͻȻֲõԤУѵڼƻԸ𣿡
漴۾һУɭǽ̫ˣû뵽ֻϾȻɳô죬ʵ¶ҪӽˣУҵþΪ´һҪʲôսԼΪǿԾ󻼡ߣ
ò˵ٵֱǺģϧȴǲ֪ҶǳʵѾѾ
ҶǳİսԼѾһЦˡ


720 ʥҩ
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ҶǳӶȭͷɫĹâͬһ貶Ŀƥܣǰŵ档
ݣһߣҲڳֹ档
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ЩŵĵӺõĵȻ׺ݣǱ˴˵ʵಢԵĿǰΪֹûһ䣬ǰɱλŵӡ
ȻҶǳмƻϾϣɵĵܹĶһЩ
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׷ɱǣΪλֵܱѩޣ˷ܵĴϴǱƵˣǻվϷ磬ȻˣִñĿС
࣬һҪܣɱѣȸԻɱһλŵӣ´棬ǾռݾԵˡҶǳҪȥ׷ɱ棬ʱס
йâһ漴˵ͷ˵ĲǼһȷɱȷͷɱŵӣǾֻʣˣ´ϣ͸ӲǵĶˡ
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ʱŵѾˣõĵҲ½
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Ҷǳһҡͷ̾Ϣϧһʥҩʥҩûг죬Ȼˣξʧˡ
ǿʥҩǻ쵰ĺݣⶼûٵźʵ
ҧߣҵץסļУ´ˡ
£Ҷǳͼλõĵӷͷȥҡ
úһõĵӷһɽҵһЩ˿
˶ʱɽ
ϸһߣɵÿҶǳɫЩѾˣ֮ǰһλŵڴ˵ؼսѵûз𣿡
ƺЩҶǳˡ
ҶǳԵú򶨣͵֮ǰҵȷɽǲûиӦκ˵Ϣʱɱŵ֮󣬾ȥֶԸ档ǼӦǵ֮󣬾Ѿ͵͵ˣϧǵʱŵ˼սȻӦÿԽץ
ˣⲻʲô£Ͼ̺ħﻹмУǻлᡣԻ˻֣Ҳ֮ǰҶǳֻɱ棬²ٻˡ
ңҶǳҲûκζҪЩС
Ȼ֪Ҷǳս½ˣǾͲôˡ

һս֮õĵӻЩˣû˵ģҲܴû뿪˵أǾ͵Ϣ
ҶǳҲԱߵɽ俪һɽȻһ׵ķ󷨣ͽȥˡ
ɽ֮УҶǳ˻֣ʱһõɫСһ鳤ľϣųľ֮е
ڴˣͻϳõɫСһֱɽػһʥҩ


721 ֮
ɽһʥҩûбݻ٣ʵҶǳɱһŵĵ֮󣬾ѾǱɽһʥҩ
ڱݻٵģֻһͨټһЩʥҩҶӺͲ֦ѣϾ涼ҶǳˣõĵӸᷢ⡣
ǾԲ뵽ʥҩѾҶǳˣϾıҶǳô
ľ̺֮񼶱ǿ߶Ҫľ˯Ӷӳ
ҶǳϸǰʥҩóľʥҩӦÿٶȣҪ˶ãͻǰˡ
ʥĲʥҩʵһ˷ѣʥҩҲ󣬵û˻ôοǳľҪ
ҶǳںֲҪľӳвٳľ㹻ʥҩˡ
ľҶǳƣЩȫƣѾ˺ܴĽˣϵ岻Զˡ

ʱһɽ֮Уҵź㡣
ʦ֣ʲô𣿡ź㿴ҹͻȻԼʱɻ
ජź㣬ʵңǸлٵǲıܣ
źһڴҶǳ֮ǰͲµõĵӻỳǰ˱ʵ׼˿ϱɱԭ
ûйĿǣź㼸ѿڶʦ֣ôôʣǵȻҵıܣȻҺܶûмˣǾҲѯʹһЩСʱ飬ܹشȷ
ղҲֻ̽һ£źɫ򶨣û˿ŵӣоͲٻˡ
ֻʣϾܵʵ̫ǿˣƲ֮£ΪǵİȫҵȻҪһЩ漴˵
ź˵ͷ˵֪ʦһսұѾ̬ȣģҲԸˣֱԶܾ˲Ǹ𣿡
ţ˵Ҳԣ̫ˡ˵ͷ漴źļЦ˵ˣ㰲Ϣɡ
ţʦߣźʹȥ
ֱԶ֮źŰ˿ɻȥˡ
ĵѹܴ
οʼձҶǳץסѱܲˬϾһһӶҶǳһ̧ͷ
Ҹɱ
źɱ⡣
֪⿿ԼɱҶǳģҶǳʵ桢ҪɱҶǳý赶ɱ˲С
ʵڲУ뿪֮ɱź漴뵽
ϧȴ֪Ҷǳ½ˣս½һ뿪磬Ǿһˡ

С졣
Űɮ˵ƽһʦʱࡣ
ҶӰæҶˣΪоˡһʦ뵽
һʱһʦ̤նȻҲӵϢ
һʦһʦæȻͬһֱһʦǰ񣬱ǿࡣ
˵ˣû뵽羹Ȼͨ½ôˣǾȻûз֡һʦ
һʦ˵ͷ漴˵ǰһֱɻΪҪ赲ս磬ϾսҲȥԴˣҪ赲ĲǣЩ½ˡ
Ȼ֪½ɫ磬󷨽ӡΪ˷ֹ½߹ϾǱǲ̫Զˡһʦ̾
һʦǵɫǱѾеǿִݻ󷨣Ҳ½˷ˣһĸȵҪǿɡҪ˶ã󷨶ᱻǹƣʱ½˾ɽս½ˡ
ҲҪ̫ģ½˽٣˵δһ¡ϾҲûʲôܹ½˿ıҲǷһЩȥ½һδԵҲ˵һʦ˵
һʦǾҪ½˶ʲô̬ˣȻѡӡطȻǶ½˲̫á
ǻģ²Ȼ½˽١Ѿû취赲½˽٣Ǿѡ̹Ȼ԰ɡǸǻǻ㲻ӷ𣡡һʦ˵գתȥ
һʦ̾Ϣ֮Ƕ֮ﰡ


ɽ֮УҶǳȻ۾
֣Ҫ뿪˵ˣϢ𣿡洫
Ҷǳ߳ɽѾ׼õõӣɵʵ֣Ҫȥʲôƻ𣿡
ȥħҺħЩ飬ҲҪҵСڣȫǺ˵
ҶǳԣʱһΪξǱħץˣҲԾȳΪΡ


722 
Ϊε츳ܸߣսʱ̤˰˽򣬶һһİ˽򣬱ϾʱռʥһҶҵİ˽Ҷˡ
һţɮһȻֻҪܹΪΣôҶǳνǴˣʱɮˣôɮһʧҲ̫
ԣҶǳ֪Ҫȥħˣ㰵˼һлᣬϾΪΣΪ˵ҲϧϾ˵ĿľΪ˾ΪΡ
οҶǳõһʥҩѾǾ޴ջˡ
ʦ֣֪ħ𣿡
źѯʵ
˵󲻴󣬵˵СҲС
ʮ˶Уȷҵõ
֮ǰŵ֮ҪҵŵˣͲôˡ
ԵúţЦ˵ħ˶ڿأЩһҲҵ˰һæڿ󡣡
ǺãźһĽֵѾСˣԱȵһʥҩ
£˸ڴ󣬸ǰ
һ·ٷɳۣǺܿͿһɽѾ߳Ƭԭʼɭˡ
Ҷǳȥ˳Ƭɽ壬ֱƽɽĺ
Ǿǰ棡˵ҼٷС
˸
úҶǳǰ治Զһɽ¸ӦʮǿϢ
ǷɽһЩſоŸ½ߣ߸ͷУҿڿ
⣬Աߵһͤ棬һλĻɴȹŮӡ
Щ˿õ˷ҲȣֻǶ࿴һۣɻ
ֻаŵŮӣ࣬˵㱻ŵ˸͵Ϯˣԭ̫ţû뵽ֻʣ߸ˣˡ
߸ˣõģʣһҶǳˡ
ߣŵҲùֻʣˣøʧءһЦ漴ǰȥ̽ץһʯŮԱߡ
ҶǳһԴŮӣѾ˲²⣬ŮӦþħνǿߡȡ
ò˵ȷһȫ£ɢȻϢһ˫۾ԱߵһõӶࡣ
Ŷ¶֮ɫ漴ȴһɵ͵Ϯ㣬ôԼʧأʵѵѾﵽսʾ𣿡
ûУҡͷϴ͵Ϯңȷʧأڲǰҵʧɢʦź㣬һһλѣҳɹŸһսɱλŵĵӡ
źʶԣĿɨҶǳˣǿһź㣬漴ҶǳԴ˵Ǵ𣿡
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˹
ЦŽܵл٣źıܣԵصһΪﵽʮսʾ磬ʵ֮¡
ʮսʣôģȾɵؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦұȽһ
ȶʱȻ漴Ʋ˵ǵĪ⣬ʵСҲˣʮսʲűȵսʡ
ȣԶʱüͷϾҶǳһߵģȻÿ
Ҷǳȴ˵ֻǵһĵӶѣȻȲħĵλ
ǺǣлʶһǵšЦȻҶǳ츳Ȳ̬Ȳ˺ܶࡣ
ҶǳǿˣŮǳʵ˵Ƿǳֻ߰Ըһ츳ƽȽЩ츳˾Ͳмһˡ
ҶǳҲƨɣͷã
漴ҶǳȥһԴЩڿĹͷȥˡ
һ۾ϳΪΣһΪβŸոսսʾ磬Ϊ϶ڳ͵ġ
ңΪαϾ̤˽ĳţЩеʣܹó
һĺС
Ҷǳû⴫ΪΣϾȺʹ඼ڴ˵أôľ봫ҲܹӦõʱνͣ
ԣҶǳֻܵȴᡣ
ʱ˵ڵĵӵ̱ƹֶΣܹ˵꣬ʹ࣬ԱЩ˵ͨСڡϣ˫ܹһ̽С硣
һŴ㲻ҲץһЩأ
֮ǰĥ̫ˣûгסֵĿʣĥˡǽһ㣬˵ҩЩеκãûǣǾһʧˡ͵
ȳã
Ҳ֪Сλá


723 
֮ͬϾͽλħĵӹ߸ɮһĺѺԱߵһɽ֮УҸһЩ˵ҩǻָƣûнǵΪ
Ҷǳˣ֪ǵĴ㣬¶ʱ˼
ϴץסǼɮ˶ˣǼɮװӶӹһ١
һΣõҩκЩɮ˵ƣǾû취װ취ˡ
οͬİ취ΣϾҲǰ׳ա
ȣһޱȵˣҪװֿԡ
ԣҶǳһʱҲЩͷۡ
ô죿
Ҷǳ벻취
ʱЩźԼûнս𾳽磬ս𾳽磬ôˣǿװ»˵ģʱֱװΪεˣԼȥˡ
ϾҶǳʵʹࡢȲ࣬һжҲаղ·磬ټΧʮúħĵΧҲӳȥ
ǣΪεˣû취ˣϾûѹԵʵɱȵˣʱΪǾΣˡ
ϧҶǳṳ̂ս𾳽硣
ԣӲǲеģýƲߡ
Ҷǳг˼š
ΪǵȻ֮ǰЩɮôأҲᣬеҩҲҪʱָܻ
ʱ䣬õĵڰħڿֻҶǳţϾʵȺʹ֮£Ҳڿ
ԣҶǳʹɽʵ˼νΪεˡ
ֻ˼һһҹҶǳҲûʲô취
ǰȱץסǼɮˣװİ취ܹ֮ɹΪһʹãټǼɮ˱ƲأԼźı磬ܵΣȶ෽ԭӶɡ
ȱץסļɮˣǾΪúŴսңԸһᡣ
ħ˺õ˾ۼһȺʹϵҲǲ̺һǣҪҵ֮ǰĻˡ
ֻȸίߣȴˣǵ̤ս𾳽硣Ҷǳ΢΢̾
⣬ʼϵ壬мԼϵѾܽˣͺһĤǰЩģѾԿõˡ
ֻһŵľ磬ҶǳЩܣ̲סһ꣬ǻܹĲ壿
ҶǳľΪﵽ˵ڶΣϾͷӦˣתҵıľʱԼƽ˴ʯȹ̾硣
Ҷǳ֪鲻żͰٽ꣬һ˳Ȼ
Լ츳ʵԿԣֻҪˡ

ʱת۹ȥ
һ죬ཫҶǳѡ
֣Щɮ˵Ѿȫָ𣿡Ҷǳ֪ԼĿģ˿Цʵ
˵ͷȭҪͷٰæˡ
ԻٻǱȽϿģһҶǳʵ֮£źϵϴҶǳǶԸţֹϵǣѾΪѡ
ַģξԲʧҶǳŵ˵ȴǣµӦô졣
ʱ޷ȳΪεˣǾͱøߴͨս̨ڣȻθ佻
Ȼһս½ڣȲ˵ս½ʲôĺ͵Ϊεˣ⼸ɮһûüֵʲô³Ҷǳұ֤
˼֮䣬ҶǳʹѾߵΪڵɽǰ
ѾȺڴˡ
˵ǵڿʺһףϣ㲻ҪʧȻһ᲻˵ġȿҶǳĿ
Ҷǳʱأٱԣɫʱͬһȣ˵㲻ҺΣȻ츳ǿսʵ츳
һһǵֶΣȻԵˣȻҲԼЩʦֵȥڿҶǳ츳Լ˾ô˵ʱɫĮһǿƱ
ȣʲôæվֹ֮ҶǳѾѣҪҶǳæԸŵˣȸϵҲһϣ˴
ȻޱȰԵӣȵ࣬ÿҪʱ츳ʵ
ǺǣҾһħĸУҶǳЦʵȴǳϲɫΪúȴһҲǺõģһԳûشȣҲԼʵһǣʱӲҪסΪε˵Ǿˡ
ϾҶǳڸõ˹ϵҲҪҶǳԸŵ棬ǲ̣ټźĹϵԲҵҶǳġ
ûдİֱҶǳشˣôħ˿϶ҲٵҶǳˣϾվǿΪ
뵽Ҷǳ΢΢һĨЦݣЩм뵽취


724 ħ
λ侲һ£໹ڽȰ
Ѿ̲סˣȻģͬƢȴһ𱬣ֱӳֹҶǳ
ħ֣
һֱսһֻ޴ĺɫƳҶǳѹƬȫ֣ʮֲֿ
״ֻ˿Ͼȶϣ϶ȣҲֵá
ͬҲܵҶǳֻһԹսˡ
䣡
Ҷǳȳ֣ʵѾ׼һժֱͬһֻ޴ƣȴǹ۶Ҫ֮ϵǳժɢſµܡ
þ޵ս
һԹսĴ̲ס̾
¡¡
ʱɫħֺǹǳֺ֮ݺݵײһӴײһ𣬱ֲĳղ濪ѣһÿò顣
漫׳𺳡
ţ
ô£
ʲôˣ

˾޴ĶʱЩڿħӺõǵע⣬Ƿ׷׷еĻƣһϹ
ʱǿмҲɱȺҶǳ
˶ʱһ
õĵǣɻҶǳΪʲôȴ
ħĵҶǳʵϾû뵽ûò۵꣬ȻԸ޵еĴʦ൱
ʦ֣⵽ô£ΪʲôұܺȴźæϴʵϾҶǳı磬ܲʡ
ҡҡͷЦǷһЩڽִˣģǵʵֻ࣬д£˵ġ
źƲƲ죬к޲ҶǳȴܾˣȽҶǳɱͲٹ˼Ҷǳвˡ
Ȼ͹ҶǳʵҲ͹Ҷǳʵ
ֻ߿УҶǳӳ֮ǿӶųҵĽȭ˺
Ǵ۵ĽâҶǳȭͷ֮ųһ£âɡ
ǺƺƵƼĺӾк£ӿǵأûʮء
䣡
֮У̶ıը
ΪԼ츳ԶҶǳȻҶǳĹȻЩʦֵܺõĵӿˣ涪
ˣҶǳӲӲȭȭ˫ԣһҲͺˡ
һȾͳҶǳǲ֮ĿͷϾȵֻǲ̤С⾳ѣͲ֮Զˡ
ӲӲĶԹ£ֻоԼȭͷ񱻻һʹȭͷ֮еĹڷ屻ˡ
ôܣ
иһĨţϴ֮ɫû뵽ҶǳôǿԶԶ
ѵ˲츳츳棿
ҲԷǳ֪һսʼܹɴСѾѵˣ˵ҶǳȼԳĴС⾳硣
ѵһѾ˲֮𾪵
ħʵҲˣڴʱҶǳЦ̵ı顣
ʱŭħǣǼŭȡ
ԲѣŭһȫڹⱩǣ漴ڿ趯ΪһӰܲա
ħ裡
¶֮ɫ
ħսĪ⣬ǿ
Ҷǳ˿̿ضȵӰֲһȵı壬Щ𾪣Щ½ŹȻС
أ
ڴʱҶǳһХķתһȭǰĺӰֱɢⲢȵı塣
㿴ˣЦԱɱҶǳ
䣡Ҷǳһȭȥɴˡ
ۣʱҶǳһɾ޴һӱɳȥѪ硣
ôħսΣΧӰǿ˵ҶǳĿ⣬˳
ħҲ׷׻
ޣҶǳ³һѪ漴ǵѪҺɨΧȣмеϲ̨档
ҿ㻹ӲŭЦΧĺӰٶɱҶǳ
ʱҶǳȴ۾
ȼ״ɵһЦΪ۾ܹӦҵ̫ˣ
Ҷǳ漴۾֪˵ûΪ۾֮󣬸ӦΧȵϢֱ治
ò˵ħħ軹
ҶǳѾ뵽˽İ취
ȥɣʱȳҶǳ
ҶǳǳһĨЦ˻֣һƬҵ̫ʱϯȥӵա

Χһȶʱɢ˲䣬ֻʣȵıڵֵΧ̫
ǺǣҶǳЦǱ壬һȭȥȴѪɡ


725 ܾ
̫𣡡
սĴʱ
ͬʱħõĵҲ¶֮ɫ
𣬼½ҲǷǳϡٺġ
Ͼҵ𣬵ҪշҲס
ˣҶǳ̫ƽȵħ裬˶еʮֵ𾪡
㾹Ȼӵ𣡡
ʱȲǵѪҺɫͲŵصҶǳ
Ҳû뵽Ҷǳӵ𣬷Ļ;Բʩչħˡ
ΪħŪЩ壬Ȼù˵۾ʶվûʲôʵ޷ֵסǿ
ʱնҶǳ̫Ҫʱʱ̵ֵ̫̿вʵʱࡣ
ȭ
ҶǳɲŹֺʱӶҵȭͷȺȥһ嫵Ĺâյݺɱ
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ȻֵΪ̫ʵ½˺ܶ࣬ѾסҶǳȭͷҶǳѪ
ħսˣҶǳһЦмд֮⣬Ҫŭȡ
ȹȻŭˣһŭڣҲ˼ƴɱҶǳһܾ˵ļơ
ΪܾˣҲҪشҶǳݺݵؽѵһ¶ԷȻҶǳˣǾ̫ˡ
ȴ֪ҶǳҪĽ
ûᣡ
ҪƴˣҶǳʱ۾һϲ
䣡ҶǳҲԸܵȵĺݺһҲҪһ
ã
սĴ࣬ʱȺҶǳҪƴˣԻܾˣʱʧɫ
ס֣
Ǹûá
Ϊս˲䷢ĺܿ죬ڴະ֮ʱҶǳĹѾ䵽ȵϣȵĹҲ䵽Ҷǳϡ
أ
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ʦ㣡ħĵǷ׷׾ˤĵطȥ
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౾źһȥ̽ҶǳźĻʱӦæͷҾȥôˡ
˵գʹ˷Ǳߡ
תźǳһĨЦǹƲǵģΪҶǳһο϶ˣ㲻ҲҪһƤʱͳûҶǳǾͲٵҶǳвˡ
ҲɱҶǳĻᣬȻŹ
ܣܣôˣ
źװĵʵʵѾ׼֣ӽҶǳҶǳһѾѪȾˡ
ûᣡźʱ۾һϲɫ
ȻҪ֮ʱҶǳ͵վؿôҪҳ֣
㡭ź㱻ŵúˣ㵵ؿҶǳ˿ڣҶǳ˿ѾֹѪˣһۿɼٶڻָţֱ񼣣е˼顣
Ҷǳ𾪵ףʱмѾ˲֮˵ƣʮҲɱҡ
˵գҶǳâһֱսϵѪҺ˵·ʱȻһ¡
ͬʱҶǳǿһɨźˡ
ʶ㣬Ҫɱң㻹ԶҶǳ·źߣ˵һ䡣
źӲȴ˵
Ҷǳʵ󣬾ȻȶҶǳİˡ

ͬʱ
ߣѾ˻ԣ˿ڲѪȻء
ǺģϾҶǳǺεǿȾӲҶǳһȭǾ
Ҷǳûжɫؽ¸ղѾһɱˡ
ȭͷҲðҪָƣµҪһ²УҪϺõ˵ҩϡ
࣬Ҫħս𣿡
˹ħľŸӶʱԴ裬ɫصŴǡ
һɫʱǽȵĺʱܿͷˣΪȹϵûʲôԹҪԸ̺ŵˡ
£˺˼æ˵λħĵˣԵõˡңղŵдģҲӦսѡ
ߣǶһģô˵ˡħһߵ
Ϊڲִµʱǿʼ̧ȥϿˣһõǻ
˳⣬ħĵӶʱɫ̧࣬ȥ


726 
ħĵ̧֮󣬴׼ȥҶǳͷҶǳźѾ߷ˡ
һôûˣʱɴ۾
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727 
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728 
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ҶǳЦһʦǱߣһʦҲ˽ˣһִ֮гȥ˲ǣǿ϶ὫץΪǻͨҪǰ·СԣѰһᣬͳ󷨣һʦϡ
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ǻսˣˣҶǳüڻս˴Ҷǳûл๥֮⣬˶ʱعԷ
ҲźõĵӣЩҲרΧ̵ĵӣͬս
սһΣյģЩĵǣڶ࣬һսǾͳˡ
ûãźõĵ䣬ȻҲе䣬ϾźõĵҪǹ̵ĵӵġ
սԽԽҡ
ҶǳҲǿµӽ䣬桢ü˶׷ŭˣֱȫѡ
Ȼüʱ򣬴ഫҶǳ֣档
ҶǳȻûʲôøУϻһ档
ۣ
ͻȻ֮ܵȫһʵǿҲѪɡ
ɱɱ棬ֻҪɱ棬Ҷǳһ֣ܹü
üҲһ㣬һ˿ԥǲҪ棬Ͼ˫ȭѵ֡
ڴʱһ
üӣɱ棬һɱࡣ㲻Ҫɣս½ˣõˣˣս½һֱѰҵС硣
ҶǳĴѡ񿪳ϲϾҪò̵ĺøУȻ
üйâ˸жҶǳĻ٣ܿ죬ѡҶǳõĵʶвûҶǳĴڣҶǳ֮ǰһֱ飬Ҳˡ


732 ˮ
ü֮ǰսжʱ˾ϡ
ϾҶǳڹʱ򣬿ܴ󣬵ʵһûУҲüܹڴΧ֮±ֵĺɵԵʡ
ûлҶǳǾڷˮȻҲɴ࣬Ǿͳĳ档
ɱ
졣
üҶǳҲ˫˫ɱ
ǡֱ۾ʺԹû뵽ǰˣȻֶԸ
ң˶ȫ֣ûκһ˷ˮ
䣡
ǿ۳ɺҧȫֵɵסؿըѣһƬѪģ
ˢ
ڴʱһ貵ĽâɨǿѪܵԴ
ҶǳˣʩչԼĽǳľޣôüһȣƺû뵽ҶǳȻͨ
ԲǿǴµʱ򣬴ҶǳЦ֣ǾͶԸü
ãҶǳ˵ͷ
ڴ๥üѺ󱳺ԥؽҶǳ֮һ貵ĽâǼݺݵײڴĺϡ
㡭ʱѪһ貵Ľĺ䴩ؿڣһƬѪ
Ҷǳһǳǿǿ󣬿ֱӾͻᱻҶǳɱˡ
ǡ
أڴʱüĹҲǵش
ҶǳصĴ࣬ʱЦ˼Ѿüӽˡ
٣ѵź𣿡ȵͬʱЩ⡣
ź㣿ѾˡҶǳ˵
һ漴Զսʱ
ŵĵѾˣֻʣһӣ̻ʣӡ
ǲʣӣΪӮҵģҪΪ֮ǰֻɱ棬ŭʣµŵӣЩŵӷ׷׶²̵ӣתĻɱõĵӣʹò̵ĵתΪ
ź㣬ѾսˣǱһŵԱɱġ
࿴һĻʱЦԹصҶǳˣһжɵģҲ⣬ΪʲôҪô
Ҳ⣡ڴʱһϤɭ֮д
һ̣ȴžŸħĵӣһֺЯʤߵЦݣ˹
صĲʬԼشĴ࣬ҶǳüԵޱȵ⣬Цҵļƻ棬Ҳô㱻شֻǣҺ֣һﲻߵôüѵòˣ
ȣãҺɱٺü࿴ȹʱϲ
ǺǣôأθҺЦ
һŵҿסһˣԴħӻɱʣµһˡ
Ц࣬㻹ǴΣյ鶼ħɵΪҸһ׳𣿡
ôûңΪԽˣ˵
óһŶ쵤࣬ɭЦܼ򵥣Ŷ쵤ָƣұ
쵤㣡ͫһ漴ŵؿȣѹƺõô죬ԭʹ˶쵤ֵֻҩһˣ֮Ϊ޷
ЦҪõʲôҪʧȥʲô࣬ǾóɣҾʹ뿪Ҳסҡ
㡭ҧҧ˶쵤
ԶҶǳü̵ĵվһ֯ö쵤ԼŸħڣ޷ֹֻ࣬ؿŴָȫơ
٣ڣƻָ֮һǿϢŰضҶǳɱ䣬Թ
䣡
ҶǳӶȭͷӭȥҵĽɫȭͷâɣֲܣĽɫݺݵײһ
ߣȥǵС磡ҶǳԲԶսüһȽס
ü״Ҳû˿ԥϾڴ˵أ϶᲻дȡ
׷Ҷǳ̾׷˺ס
Ҳ˸ȥ
ʱҶǳѾͨˡ
ŰããĺͨüҪȥһǱô죿
౾ͨһԣʱϾѾҶǳˣ˭֪Ǳû
ȼ˵ղûٵǾ仰ȥǵС硭˼ӦС磬½ˡ
ôֶΣңźΪʲôҪڻɻ
ҡҡͷҾͲˣϸǼУƺͱˣҲĳС磬ĿģΪ˾ЩС
ɫһ䣬漴뵽ʲôæ˵Ҫȥȷһ飬ȴţϾͻʱжǲСˡ
ãȵ˵ͷ


733 
Ҵ뿪ҪϻһκҶǳĵطǳؼǵãץסУǱҶǳĥġ
ǣҶǳǸС磬˵Ϊ˾ЩУôоӦûŶԡ
ֻҪ飬ܹȷҶǳˡ

ͬʱҶǳüλ̵ĵӣִͨս½
üӣս½ڵĵطս½һڲǳΪɮһ֮ǰץסЩУǿɮһɮˣҲ֮У֮нǡҶǳü˵
̵Ӷǳشǰ硣
ϡ治ҪսʾҪꣿ
սûаɡ
УҲָ

̵ӻ̸
ü΢΢Ҷǳ˵ģץסɮˣҲûĥǣʵȸ֪λúҾѾɮˡ
ҶǳЦ˵üӣϾ¼пǲ̵Ľܻšúħǿˡ
Ȼ¼üԾȵ
ҶǳЦʵս½һͨ½ֻͨս½һλսǿ߸ӡˣ˾ǿɮһĴʼˣų𡣲ͨѾ˸ˣǻͨҲɱһλţŵõǱ¼
üԻȻ漴̾ѹô˽⣬ܹ֮Уȡ˴Ρ
ǺǣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ǰ·˵ǸɣȴȥɮһļλʦǷģɮһ˶ǴȱΪΪǵġ
ʦ㣡̵ĵӿü
üƬ̣ͨǱ߿϶дţֻܸҶǳˡ
£ü̵ĵӵ˵ͷȻ͸Ҷǳ棬ִػ˵ص󷨡
Ҳõģûãֹֻսϵǿ߽Ҷǳ͵
üԻȻѹֿɮһսǿûнˣԭư󷨿Ҳס½һЩսǿߣϾȻСģ϶Ϊ߹ս񼶱𡣡
ǰҶǳпص˵ͷ
һǾʹ󷨡
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һʦ׼֣ǿҶǳʱ֣ͣصĵط
ͬʱһʦҲ˹
һʦһʦҸǽһ£Ҷǳλʦ˵ͷ漴ָü˵ǲ̵üӣλҲǲ̵š
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üǫܶ࣬λʦ񣺡üλʦ
ʵȻԿóǰλʦΪʵǿ󣬾ԲԿġ
üӿˣһʦæ˵
һʦҲü˵ͷ
ҶǳЦҸط̸ɡ
һʦԶһʦ˵úдλ½ѡ
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һ·ϣü̵ĵӣ˲ٿɮһʯݡ
ôôªһ̵üСѵѾ˥𣿡
죡üȵ
Ǹ̵Ӷʱ˵ˡ
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Ҷǳü͵ɮһߣһо𷨣ȱΪǲںĻǲŻῴ
ĴʦüʱȻ𾴡
Ƭ̺һͤ¡
Ҷǳȸü򵥵ؽһս½Ȼʵüӣ֪½ֵⷢСδģ
һʦԣҲü
ü֪Ҷǳһʦеĵǣ΢΢Ƭ̣˵ǾҪСǱʲôֵģǸٸˡ
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ü˵½ҲһЩ˵ħɣ֪ĵźħǱǷǵС磬ôȴǵĿ϶ѡ
Ҷǳһʦԣʱɫ
ǲ̣һЩɾͲһˡüҶǳ˵㿴¼Ӧ֪ǲ̵Ĵʼ˲һλСţǲ̶ڷֵС磬ţɵ½ʣµˣǾɷչˡһЩɣҲôģϾС磬Ҳпܵţֵ£
ҶǳɻüӣӦ֪С絮߶ȱݵģһֻǲ̵ġֲɼõСţҲûʲôôɣ


734 ŭ
˵ġʵôǺܴ󡣡
ҶǳĻüʱЦҡͷġǳ£ܹ˲ࡣЩɹСţʵԷΪȻ½ͷ
ϾǶţֻҪ㹻ԴһڶʱڳɳһΪս񣬾޷ͷԵ겹ҲֻܴԣʵΪСս׼ģȻǳ¡
Ҷǳһʦһۣɵ
Ȼ
һʦ̾˵飬СԼħõ˷ˣǵ˽СԿ϶һѣ֪üܷǣ
Ҷǳüȭϣüӿڲķϣܹս½
ü֣صӦõģҲҪ̫ģֻҪҿƽص½һǽʱһЩôúţԼͲʲôľٶˡ
ãҾЭȺʹࡣҶǳ˵
üҡͷƾºѣϾ˶ڡ
һʦ΢΢ЦһףǸղҲ˵ˣȺʹ඼˶쵤ʱڶ޷ΪֻҪüܹһΪؾͿ׻ˡ
ҪڶʱһΪҸʥҩСüЦ
Ҷǳ˵𵤿𣿡óһ𵤣ݸü
üӹϸһ𵤣漴ҡͷս½ʦƵʥҩûʲôЧмʮҲһΪ
Ҷǳʱɵˣʮ𵤣ֻ׼Ҳаɡ
ôأһʦ˵գóһѪɫĹӵݸü
ü۾һϲȻԣʥҩ㹻һΪˡ
ҶǳҲЩȣû뵽ɮһҲʥҩһ뵽ǿɮһģ֪ɮһӵʥҩҲˡ
ɵ뵽Լһʥҩ֮УҲԶˣҲʱܹһЩʵɵڴ
üӿ԰ڴ˵ֻϣȵӻص̺ܹս½˵ЩûһʦȻҲܶʡ
üæͷӦõġ
ǾͲüˣҶǳһʦ뿪
üչ׼ʥҩ
̵ĵӣͺСתΪԴǣһǽս½һߺ£ϵ

ʱһʦҶǳ·Ͻ̸
繫ӣǿλü𣿡һʦȻЩģϾǹغս½Σ
Ҷǳ̾С﷢ֵĴɣҲͲ̿һЩֻѡˡңҲüޣҲôˡ
ǰս½սûУҪûѡȨһʦҲ̾
ϣڴ֮ǰս½ܹһλս񣡡Ҷǳ
һʦ˵ͷ

֮С
Ҷǳһμͼõڵéݡ
ʱ콵䣬Ҵҵܽéݣͷȥ
é֮Уյģﻹɮ˵ʬ塣
û޵㼣ûѪҺֻ˵㼣漴éΧ˿ȷɮ˵ʬ岢ûбʳɮԼ뿪ġ
Ȼ
ɫиûһǻٶֽţСżսʱ͵͵߱ץסǼС
ϰҶǳΪ³ˡ
ϧѾˡ
ѹ֮ǰҪ߼УԭǳžЩģ
ڿźӦʲôѱ档
ɶ񡭡٣ɱ㣬Ĳݣ

ŭһս⣬Ƭ򳹵Ʒգéݱ飬һÿô屬顣
ʵ̫ŭˣΪ棬ԼȣȫҶǳһ˸ˣת
ŵĵӱҶǳˣõҲˣ֮ǰҲҶǳش
½ʮλӢţȻһСˣʵ̫ˡ
䣡
˫һŵ棬˾ͳ𣬳źͨڵλ÷ȥ
ŭ֮ɫ
٣ҧгݡ
ú󣬴˺ͨԼƲȡ
ԻȻѹҪǼУû뵽ҲСˣֵֻǣȻС磬Ϊλʮսӵǰʵ֮ǰǼеУҲоսʣѱ̫Զˡ
ߣСҲų֣վС½šߵ


735 ر
ô죿ǹȥǼڴ˵أѯʵԼҲûףϾǱҶǳü˵ʵ֮£ûдæǲҶԹȥģϾŸħĵҲС
ԳȻѾȷСˣȻܹȥϾǱ˵ѾǱ߰ǿСȱݣǿ϶ս𼶱ǿߣ̫ˣƾˣҲǱɡοüͻˣǿɶŲǵʵ
Ǿڴ˵һֱɵ˴أüͷ˵
һŵЦȻ֪ǱʲôҿԿ϶ǱߵսӦ޷С磬ЩڵҪǲٹֱǲһЩǿսˡңӦҲע⵽ˣЩУǻ٣սʾ磬Ҹҿ϶СǱֻսµ߲ܽ
ϸ룬ǵģЩжսʾ磬ҴǾսʣûһǴﵽս𾳽ġ۾һ˵ͷ漴˵ȻˣǾҾͲüһֱС粻½
²УɫǰС緢ʥҩϧݻˣҲ֤СԵʥҩЩڵѾֹһ˽Сˣ˭֪ǻ᲻ʥҩһʥҩüôü϶һεΪʱ򼴱֣Ҳᱻɻܣοл֡
ɫʱЩĵ˵ֻ˺½𣿡
˵ͷǵģǿȽԵɣʱٷƽС磬ʱҲһֻʱɱϰˡ
²˳٣ھͻȥȵüǾ߲ˡҲˣ˳ͨ
Ҳһ뿪
һǱˣû
ҲϾ½ţǴ֮ˣǰ֮ԱҶǳˣˣҲΪҶǳźڻѣҶǳôɵؾȳΪεˡ

С졣
üڱչʥҩʱҶǳҲûţСŨĵطҲΪɮһȻΪεˣʸɮһıؽ
˵Ũ̶ȣСҪŨ࣬Ҷǳƽͺһ
ǣҶǳתر죬̽µĴ֮ʱһС
Ƭûвʲô󣬶ΪƬ̺ʮѹֻôŨֱһϱء
ɮһ˵ԭװģЩǵĲƸԱȵЩսˡҶǳһп֮ɫ
ҲϾ˵ףɮһҲһսңܹӵĵ̣ҲǺġ
ٺ٣ĺõطҾʱȲ壬ر졣Ҷǳ漴Ц
Ժڲ򣬵Ҫر죬ǾҪܶϣǴ˵ôǼֱҶǳرľԱء
£Ҷǳתر죬˽µΪһ壬һҶǳ幵ͨ
䣡
ҶǳԽԽŨ񣬲ȪһӿˣҶǳڵӶγһƬޱȷڡ
壬һǳ壬ϾƬʮ
ϧǣҶǳڵΪʮս۷壬Լõôǿ壬ΪȻ޷ЩգΪ
ر졪㣡
ȻҶǳһ˻һһƬʮһɹŨҶǳΪһ塣
ʱҶǳоڵ͵µͨһʹڵԴԴ
˵ڴ˵սôҶǳκεģΪһˣµϸ
Źѹֵսܹں𣬻һλλսҵţ̤ս񾳽硣
ҶǳжʱԴս˾塣
繫ӣüѾϣ㡣ʱΪεӲԶ
Ҷǳʱչ߳ӡ
ΪΣҶǳܿͼüӣʱüΪһ㣬ԵøǿˣǿϢ
ϲΪҶǳЦ
üҲܿģϾΪһΣһٳ˴ȵˣǲ̣ռҪλܸмɮһ˵⻹Ҫлһʦˣ繫ӣھͻɣȣҲܱúħ֪СĴڡ
ãҶǳ˵ͷ漴üһ𷵻硣


736 뿪
ٴνͨüԵúţǰ棬ȫսһٳ˳ȥ׼֣ȴֺͨΧûдȵӰҲûЩħӵӰһƬյģһӰûС
Ȼûˣ
ʱҶǳҲ֮ͨгſյĵĺףʱһȻ
̵ĵӣҲˡ
ʦ㣬Ǻˣһ̵ĵ˵
ȷˣü΢΢Ƭ̣漴Ҷǳ˵ҲܴµҿܵõǵİΪһ㣬ܵˡ
ϧˣҶǳʱ̾˿ɱǣôս½Ϣ϶ᱻǸ֪úħʱɿ϶ɳǿ߽ս½
üȻҲ֪һ㣬ɫص˵繫ӣҲҪ½ϽúħȡأǷҪһ½츳ԷΪҿǲ̡
ʱȥ½һҪȥ֪ͨһʦ׼Ͼúħĸֽ٣׵ıǡҶǳҡͷ˵
Ȼ֮ʱȥ½ҲΪûԷΪ׼
Ͼһ·ʮսʾ磬ۿҪ̤սˣʱԷΪ˭
ǹغһҪ飬ҶǳȻҲִϣҪúÿһ£˳ëһ£һ嶯ԷΪҪиһǵÿ
Ȼˣ繫ౣأˣ´ԵٻᡣüԣҲûǿҶǳϾҲ֪ԷΪѣҶǳʮսʾ磬ΪԽߣԽûԷϡ
أҶǳͱüˣȻתֱҵ˱üߵɮˡ
ɮ˴ü֪½Ѿͨս½ڣ㲻ȥͨһֱһɽ֮УֱҶǳ֡
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һʦ̾ϢһλǶ㲻ֻϣüڵĲܹһЩɣս½ܹתΪ
ҶǳЦҲǻϢٴüӷλʦǲ̵ȷɣüӲûд
˵Ҳǣһʦ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ漴˵һʦȻҵѾˣҾȻȥˡˣȻ½˼٣ҽǿɮһǰСΪʱǱ׵壬Σա
һʦҡͷʼҪ˵ø½ǿߴ򽻵ˣ˭½ǿߣ˭ΣգȻǰڴ˵أǾ͸Ҫ岻ݴˡ
ӷҲ˭ʱһʦҲ̤Ҷǳ˵Сѣаţ뵣ġǾȳһɮˣʮΪлһʥҩ¡
˵գһʦݸҶǳһɫĹӣӨ͸⣬ںֲ
ʦ̫ˣֻǾ֮ͶѡҶǳæƴǡ
һʦѾתȥ֮䣬ѾʧҶǳǰŪҶǳĿɿڴ漴Ц
һʦЦ°ɣһʦǸʥҩҲûʲôôá
һʦҶлһʦҶǳʥҩ漴֣ص
һʦЦŵͷ漴Ҷǳȥ
ɹຣʱ򣬻ƳŴҶǳ뿪
ߣƻ˻֣˵һ·˳磡
أҶǳ˵ͷȻ󣬻صǡ
Ѷ˹ҶǳЦʵô黹˳𣿡
ǳ˳Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴һø㣬Сһ֮Уͨ½֮ͨǰѾ½һЩ߼ˣиѾ̤С죬ѾȥˣǿԤϣú󣬻и½߽Сս½
ĿɿڴðŻعЦϢǾ˰ɫ֪½ĴںҾ֪һ죬ֻû뵽ĻôѡУҵøϽ֪ͨ¥߲㣬Աɣ㡣
˵գҪҴ뿪
ҶǳæʵأϢ𣿡
ǼһХԨżȥʮɽӦХԨɣȥͷҲص˵Ȼż
ҶǳԴ˺⣬Ͼ½ߵĽ٣ս½˵һ£¥ĴòǰӦԡ
ХԨ𣿡ҶǳԣХԨȥ


737 
ХԨѾ̤ҶǳͨĿ飬ý֮Ĺʧ󣬱ûˡ
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ҶǳϵԭԳһϳʱɢŽС壬Сս
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ĥսɣԴȻܼңȴûΣա
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ҶǳһʯϣȤعս
ë˵ˣ츳ָΪ̤һս𾳽磬ӦǶս𾳽磬ɾѹСɣСɴĺܲҡ
ҶǳеǣСȻܹѹС
Ҫ֪СȻ츳ãѾﵽսʾ磬˿̾ȻСȫѹˡ
ҶǳϸһС壬ŷСѾ׵սʾ磬ѹսôǿ
һΪôô죿Ҷǳɵ֮ɫ
ʱ䣬СʱҲ¶ѣСΪȻô
䣡
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˼֮䣬ǰսѾˡ
Сɱëݺݵغڵϣ۵Ҳ
һߣСҲСˡ
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ҶǳͷߣƺʱǸı䲻ˣֻܵСս֮󣬻ָǰС
ҶСӣȺͺ¿㵽ʲô飿ëҲ˹ʵ
ġҶǳ漴εľϸ˵
ëĿɿڴҪıȱݣҪԷΪʱеʲôЦүޣò״ﵽս𾳽磬һ˸ߵȰʱñүԷΪôܣ
ҶǳЦԷΪĵ̣ʱǻߵȰģʲôʧ
ô˵һΣ˭֪ڼᷢʲô顣ëҡҡͷ˵ǵȽ½ٿǴ°ɣޣӪܼɡ
Ƚ½˵ɣǵþʵԱӦԼ½ߡҶǳɲ½ˣȫһȺ֮ʱ϶ҪһЩˡ
ë̾ս𾳽磬ҪٿΪѣϾսǰȴҪԼ򣬳ӵǿԵĵҩ߱ˣܹӿٶҲޡ
ʥҩأа𣿡Ҷǳ漴óһʦ͸ʥҩë
ëʱֱ۾ˮãȻãҪʦΪ񵤲С˵õʥҩģ
һʦҲǵʱλɫ͸ҵġˣһһʥҩҵġҶǳ漴óһʥҩ
һʥҩûг׳죬Ҳֻһˡ
ë˷ܵǷˣʥҩǾͿ¯񵤣ٿƳ񵤣ܹǵΪüˡ
ôҶǳԾϲ
ë۵Ȼǰ񼶵ҩ
񼶵ҩҶǳһ漴ɻ㲻˵ֻ׼ӵ¯ܹƳ񼶵ҩѲǻҪ׼ҵʦ񵤣
ǿ϶Уëҡͷ׼ҵĹϵǲܰƵģң׼Ұ񵤵ļ۸ǳ˵Ҫ񵤣Ҫ֮Ҳ˵һ¯ҩţҪţֻһš
Ҳ̫˰ɣҶǳʱѡ
˭ֻǲأëƲ
ô죿ҶǳƵ
ʦëٺЦǻɱˣ¾ʦæҲƳ񵤣СӲһӵ𣬶һǴʦʦʱʦһ񵤣ôпܳɹƳ񼶵ҩ
ԭˣҶǳȻӵļƷ棬ԾֻһλʦʦʵȴЩʦˡ
ͬĵһλʦӵôҪƳ񼶵ҩҲǲˡ
ֻǣʦûӵĴڣë뵽Ҷǳһλʦ񵤡
ò˵һŵİ취
ҶǳϸƬ̣ÿԺܴ󣬱㿪˵Ҫȥһܲˣ
ô鷳ëٺЦСӸСŮѰʦ𲻾һλʦԼˣ·㡣ңư񼶵ҩûһʦ᲻ĶģϾư񼶵ҩľ飬ˮƽһ¥
ҲãȥдţʱҴҶǳԵ˵ͷ


738 Ҫ
Ҷǳ˵д֮Сȥ룬СҪССö࣬ҹɫǲ̫ע⡣
С뿪֮ëҶǳʵСӵİôˣ
ʼջһ㣡ҶǳЦ
ģƺ񵤣ֻҪһžܰ壡ëЦ
Ҷǳȵô𣿡
ҪȻΪ׼ƾʲôĴǿսңΪ׼ҿԴԴϵ񵤣ܹԽԽսǿߣǰǿߡǿ׼Ҿġëߵ
Ҷǳл취Ū񵤵ĵҽΪʦҲܹˡ
ֵֻ׼УҲһЩϵսҲУлԻҶҿë˵
ҶҡҶǳҡͷô鷳սңлһǿսңǲŲһعء
ٺ٣Ҫȥ԰һԸع飬Ǿ˵Ҷһֵڡֱ֮ӺǾԺҲûйϵˡëЦ
ҶǳƬ̣ҡͷԺ˵ɣȥ֮Ĺչز壬ˣ֪ͨҡ
ãСӾˣر죬յõ񱮵ϿɣҲһëҶǳıӰе
Ҷǳ˻֣漴ϺԳһʥɽ뽣֮Ĺ
֮ĹһƬžҶǳһʯƽ֮󣬱ϥʼ塣
ȻҶǳ۾Զ
һʯƿռ䣬ڰУƺڹ۲Ҷǳ
񱮣Ҷǳһɵתر죬Ȼ̽񱮡
ûֹҶǳ̽飬Ҷǳʶ̽󣬶ʱյһɴӴдϢ㻹Զ

ҶǳʱĿɿڴŴ񱮡
Ѿƿռ뿪ˡ
Ǳ𣿡
Ǳһģ
Ҷǳɵӣһ
ֻչһԼɹѣϾô̵ʱڣͰѵر˵㣬Ӧܹô񱮵Ͱɡ
ҶǳôΪġ
ϧֻǵõ˴񱮵ĳ
ҪϿɣǵôӵرսսСҶǳҡҡͷ漴۾塣
ڽ֮ĹУҶǳչ£ڴڼ䣬ûټ񱮡
ºëѡ
ˡ
׼ȷ˵ǰʦˡ
ʦŵģô˵ģҶǳӹţʵ
ëҡͷϼһҪǰɱˣ㻹Լɡ
ɱˣҶǳſȥƬʱ䣬üͷһ
ȷǰæɱˣ
ʦ˵ˣֻҪҶǳɱһˣ񵤣Ὣ񵤵ĵ͸
ߣΪ񵤣ԼҲư񼶵ҩı飬ȻҸҪ󡣡ëһߵȻЩˬ
ҶǳҲ˵ˣ񵤵ĵ͸ңҽΪʦԼˡ
⵹Ҳǣë˵ͷҲ֪񵤵ĵҶǳһĶģܽ˵ϼһȻԸͳ񵤵ôɱˣ϶ͬСɡϾҲ̫ϳϣһĳˣԼа취֣
Ҷǳ̧̧еţҡͷ沢û˵ɱ˭֪𣿡
С֪ë˵СӴ˵ϼһҪ󣬳ǿϴӦɱˣ򲻻ĳ˭
𣿡ҶǳüͷҪɱ˭δӦ
ëߵҶСӣҿǲƵҩҿ˰ɣΪʦ취Ū񵤵ĵˣֺα
ҶǳһЦǣҽΪʦͲ֪ǺˡңҪŪ񵤵ĵҲôס
ˣ֪ϼһɱ˭һɱ˺СҪȥëߵ
ҶǳӦòôϾѡȨҪڣ𣬲ʲôʵʵ˺ԩ޳ϵڣӦòɱһɱ˵ˡ
ô˵ǴӦˣëҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷӦˣֻҪɱ˲Ǻˣʵ֮£ҾͰæ
ô֪ɱˣǲһˣëƲ
벻֪ڴӦ֮ǰֻǲ֪Ҫɱ˭û˵ǴҪɱǲǺˣʵΣ֮ҶǳЦ
ҲԣëʱȻԭţǼˣһʱûзӦ


739 Ѫ
¥
뿴ǶҶǳëæ˵Ҷ֣˵Ӧ֮ǰǲҪɱ˭¥֣㲻ҪΪѡ
뿴ҶǳΪҶǳҪѯʶ˭ǰ˵
Ҷǳ֪ĹǣЦ˵ģҲΪѵģֻҪңһˣһˣԼΪΣǷԻɱ
ԭҪʱȻһҶǳ˼
ǳҶǳԸ񣬲ΪһɱĴħͷʦҪɱһˣôҶǳԲͬġ
ڶʦҪɱһʵǿˣôҶǳ϶ҲȥѰ·
֮ʱЦһģ˾Բһˣһжԣɱκġ
ŶҶǳ¶Ⱥ֮ɫ
жԣëҲЩȣĿ˸Ѳлң׼ңңҵˣҲֻҵˣŻΪ̫ϳϵİʦ޲ߣֻǡ
ǺǣǴӦǲ˵ġ΢΢Ц
ҶǳйâһѾ˽⣬֪ëµò϶սҡ
£Ҷǳٶʵʵأ
ս𣬲ģ츳ܲսһ׻ɱ˵
ٺ٣Ѿµĸˣë꣬ʱ¶ŵЦݡ
ŶЩɵؿë
ҶǳҲë˵ĸ壿
Ȼ׼ҰëЦлҺӵܣܹս𾳽磬츳Ȼܸߣûһ츳֮ˡ׼ҾͲһˣĵҩ㹻ԼһЩ츳ˣҲܹս𾳽硣
Ҷǳüƾһж׼ңδ̫˰ɣʱһЩ츳ˣҲпܻһЩӶ̤ս𾳽硣
˵Ĳë˵ͷ漴Цһ㣬ʲôڣǿǸƵҩģлҺҾٸ߰ǿƣҲҪƵҩôҵ̫ϳϣǰͽԷءֻ׼ҲŲᣬ˫ģ˴Ǿ֣˽ԹҲңү²⣬Ҫɱ׼ˣ϶һλʦҼ𻹲͡
ҶǳȻ򣬵ͬУпһλ׼ҵʦ
žžžƣëµĲˡ
ëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ӦˣֱӸ˭ɣ
˵ͷ漴ĬƬ̣һԺеϣſ˵˽׺⣬ˣһʦֱȰʦҪһ𡣡
ë꾪㵵ԭһϲսԪޱ꣬еҩӳҲӳ˼ʮꡣοʦͰһֵ׼һѾ޴ӳⶼҪˣʦΪλҪɱǵĳ޺
˵ͷ˵֮ȷǳҪ׼ҵĶԹ˵𡣡
ս½Լսҵ磬еĵҩϱ׼Һ¢ϡΪշ˵ҪһЩԸܻӭռݵķݶҪһЩȻҲǸսҪѹ׼ңϾǶϣ׼ұøǿ෴Ͳһˣǿٶ࣬ûһôڸսҵвҲޡ
˵׼Ҳ֪սڴѹǣԵ͵˺ܶ࣬ڼǰ׼ҺľˮݶΪʦ𣬱ǵʱһλʦս½ʢʱ˶֪Ժһλʦ
ëЦǲ¶ˣΪʦĳΪһλʦܹɹ̫ϳϣʦжǶһ
˵ͷ˵ʦʱ츳̫ǿˣҶ츳еһȣžŴ֮һĺ˲ˡ
ҿ
ëʱ
ҶǳҲ֮ɫӵһλʦǿޱȽӽʦˡ
̾ǰΪʦ츳ôߣ׼ҵıʱ׼ɳһλŮʦ츳ܸͬߣ£׺Ů̳׺츳ټ׺ĴС̵һλʦʦ׼Ҹ߲㰲ŴŮս½ȻʶʦŻɱʦ𡣡
ǲǺܹѪëɵƲ
ǺǣһЦЩѪΪ¾Ȼϲ˰ʦ׼Ҽ˷۱Ȼ߳ŭ׺»ֱӽ׼ңͰʦӴȴ֪ʱѾУԽֺңûˣҲˣӦ֪ʦΪʲôôʹ׺ˡ


740 
˸ɱë֮ߵԼŮԼ׼֮˻ǲֶΣͬħ޶ݶ޻֪ʳأ
ЦʵҲԸƷλʦ̼İʦһ̤ʦ磬͵͵ʴס
ҶǳɱҲܼʦʹ࣬Ҿòץסȡµɣ׼Ӧúһһλʦɡ
۾һͷܹȳ£°ʦһӶм㣬ԺҪʲôҩǲرذơҪ֪ʦҲѣԪʹδ꣬һλʦΪЧ͡
ߣ˵ĺҲҪɹУëһ漴Ҷǳ˵Сӣѵϴ׼ѩϴ޸Ůæټս̨ƣһٷ̡һΣû޸Ůս̨Ҳǵ֪ˣ㻹ܴ׼ﰲȫ𣿡
Ҷǳ΢΢Цֻ֪Ҷǳӵս̨Ǹıòô뵽°׺أң׺ȡ£׼ҵֻҪɵӣͻµʦİ֣Բ뵽ȥ
ë۾һ漴ͷ취ãֻҪǲ²ǸɵģǾͲǵս̨ʱɳǿߣҲˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴룬ʵһ׺٣һ뿪׼ң֪ͨҡ
ЦˣΪ׺һºͻ뿪׼ˡ
ŶôϢҪȥʲôҶǳɵúʵ
Ц˵йϵ㲻ýΪһսңûӣԣʱȫǼһλǿʥӣ츳̤˰˽򡣲츳ǸˣΪɱھսʾ磬ϾҪս𾳽Ҫģʱǲôͽս𾳽ġҵȲԾ׼񵤣׼ɳʦպþ׺⡣
ǺǣһҪлңȻҪ׺뿪׼磬֪ҪȵʲôʱءҶǳԶʱЦ
ëȴһʵ׺ϼһ뿪׼磬Ӧб˰ɣϾһλʦ
ҶǳҲɵÿ룬бǿߣǾͲ׳ɹˡ
ȴҡͷǷģû˱ֻһˡ
ôܣ׼Ҿô𣿡ëԵòŵ
ҶǳҲɻ
ʦһı׼Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ц׺ϾѾԪޣ˭Ϊɱһʦ׼ңο׺Ҳս𼶱ܹɱ˲࣬Ϊս½߶һ񣬸ҹȻɱһǿսҵʦЩ֮ᱦȻսս֮ǲụవɱģҪɱԺǼӡʥӶΣˣĽеսҶҪܾˡ
ҶǳͷЩսҶս֮仹ǽصģ
֮ǰ磬лӾͶ׼ӳ֣棬лӾͲôˣսҵս˭Ӯˣܾˡ
ϾҶսңҪǴˣֱɱǼˣ˭ֵܵ
ɱɱȥģҵʵȻս˦ں棬пܻᱻսֱǾ͵òʧˡ
Ȼˣͽ׺ǰҵ·߸ңٿһﶯ֡Ҷǳ漴˵
ȻѾ׼ˣֱóһս½ĵͼҵͼѾú߱Ǻ׺г·ߡ
ôȷһӦ£Ҷǳ׼˳㣬ɵƲƳ롣
ٺЦʶôˣ㻹˽㿴ֵĵطҶƶˡ
˵գָŵͼϵһص㣬ϸ͵׺Ҫٵִ׼ңҪһǴ׼Ĵִٰǣ׼ս½һݵ㡣ٰʮﴦһǳҵľݵ㣬׺ҪԼʮִ˳ǣٳֱӽ硣ԣʮΨһĻᡣ
Ҷǳŵͼüͷʮսٶ˵ͿԷɹȥһЩսǿߣһʱ͹ˡҲ˵һǶֺ󣬱һʱƷ׺⣬Ȼ׼ҵǿߣҵǿߣͻϸϹԮˡ
СӣģʱȲһЩ󷨣Һ׼ҵǿ߾Ԯҿֱס׺⡣ëŵ˵
Ҷǳ뵽ϴëõɱĿֲʱͲٵˣëһλʦˣëжĳɹʾͰٷ֮ˡ


741 ˳
ȻˣҾ뿪ˣҶǳ漴ͼͳ¥Ĵ󣬵ִٰǸһǳأȻëǰǶʮ·ϵȴš
ѡ·Σڵλþ;׼ҵľݵʮҵľݵҲʮԷǿ߹ԮΪжȡʱ䡣
ҶСӣȾްɣүȥ󷨣ִĿĵغëΧѰҲ󷨵ĺõط
󷨣ҶǳֻһЩ򵥵ģﲻëæֻһ񣬵ȴ׺ĵ
ȥµʱ䣬ëͲú󷨣һҪΪסǰԮǿߺ׼ǿߣֱλǰ
һɱҶǳë²׺õġ
һУҶǳëڴ˵á
ʱĺܿ죬һתǰˡ
ҶǳëȵЩͷʱٰǵķʱһǿϢúԶǶܹӦĵ
սϢϼһˡëʱͬʱۣ˫ĿգԶʡ
Ҷǳվ֮¶һĨ⣬Զʣ磬ôΪһ·󷨣ҲԱ߷ɹȥء
ëЦϷкڵ·һڵ·㲻ֱߣܻ谭ϣûκ谭ģڷʱԵطֱߣϾ֮䣬ֱ߾̡˵Ĺ˼ά֪Ȼһ·˵صġ
ҶǳҲеԼʱҲǷֱߣ˭ɵϲʱתУֲСӣҲ͵һηеʱҶǳŻôˣ
䣡
ԶǿϢԽԽ
úҶǳͿһڵ㣬λֱ
ë˵û˶й˼άϻֱߡ
׼ˣһ֣ë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
սķٶȺܿ죬̸֮䣬ԶĺڵѾǺܽˣӶ¶һߵΡ
ͷ׷һɷǵӣ˫ֱ֣߷Ŀ֮Уһ˿ȻϣȻǳôڸλƲ
ϧƲûбֶãΪɵҶǳϿ֮ëϾ󷨣һ貵Ĺâߡ
˭˭Ϯңߴŭ׼ҵ׺⣬һʦҲ˭ֹͣ󷨣׼Ҳݡ
ޣһʦԼƷԼŮ㻹šëŭٿ󷨹׺⡣
Ըһ׺⣬ëβõûɱôֻǴ׺ͷûֱӽ׺ɱ
˭㵽˭ô֪Щ飿׺ëĻʱɫ䣬ƺеʹɫŤܱŭһǼһİɣѰ·ϮңҪҪ
˵գ׺óһ飬ȻҪ֪ͨ׼ҵĸˡ
ϾԷô˽⣬Ҳ֪ʵôΣˡ
ǿɲˣҶǳ̤նȫ貣ӶŽɫȭͷ̫ͬһ۵Ĺâ׺ݺݵغ
һսʣ׺⿴ҶǳΪɱ䣬ŭЦƾҲɱң
䣡һǳƳҶǳȥ
ϧ׺츳Ȼǿ󣬵սȻûʲô츳ҶǳĽȭɻƣǺ׺Ѫɡ
ôܣ׺ţȻûʲôս츳ΪսҵһԱҲ̤ĽټΪҶǳôܻᱻһսʻܣѵѾ̤˾Ž
ڴʱҶǳʩչƣһƾͽ׺ˡ
ơҶǳȻ㣡׺ͫһһΣ뵽Ҷǳݡ
Ͼս½ϣ̤ŽָҲǼټֻҶǳƣһӾϳˡ
ۣ
ͬʱëҲɱ˹ٶش׺⡣
Ҷǳᱻ׼ɱ׺ŭ
ǺǣҵţҶǳЦëһ׺⡣
Ƭʱ䣬Ǿͽ׺İȻӡΪŽëأ뿪˵ء
ֱʱҶǳЩţ˵ƺЩ̫˳ˡ
ϼһﲻʦһӵʱ䶼ķ棬һսΪӲʵҪȻҲô˳ˡëЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷʦͲսģеʱ䶼һΪǿҩȥģȻûʲôս


742 쫷
ţʦʲôˣ
׼磬һ֮УԭϥĿ͵۾֮˵ĹâΪԶĹ̨ϣһͻȻѡ
ǱƣǱѣǾʹѾˣѣʹԼһ鸱ƣרȵġ
ɫ䣬׺һλʦ׼ҵĵλܸߣ׼ҵĹ׺ܴȻܵжԴ
ˣҲ鿴ʦʲôȥˣӳȵ
׼ҵЧʻǺܸߵģϾ˽ϣʦǰ񵤣Ӧõִˡ
ңȵ֪ͨ˵ʦΣգȥԮ˳ҵ
ǣ

׼Ҽ߶ܿ죬Ͼ漰һλʦİȫյϢϾɳһλ߼ս̳ǰٰǡ
ͬʱǱҲ˸Ҷǳߡ
ֻǾǶܿ죬ҲҪһʱ
˿̣ҶǳѾڸһǳسصˡ
ô˳𣿡ڴߵȺ򣬱Ͼ֪Ҷǳɹ֮󣬿϶ϻ
бүȻ˳СھʹڱүҶǳû˵ëȿ˵
˿漴Ц׼ҸżˣҲҪżˣˣҶ֣׼ʲôʱ׼һˣ
Ҷǳ΢Цԭһţ׼һºȥ쫷ҽ
쫷ȣ۾һ漴̾Ҷ̫Ӣˣ쫷Ȼ⣬ʺǽʡ
ӢʲôҶǳԿЦصǼѡģҶ֪쫷ʲôط֮ǰߵĴæѯˡ
˵գҶǳëʵڿԸңΪʲôҪѡ쫷׼ҽ˰ɡ
ëЦСҲ࿴飬ս½ϵһЩط֪СӾͱǿˡ
ǺǣЦŶҶǳ˵Ҷ֣쫷ս½һΣյĵطһֻսʵܹȥ⣬쫷ط⣬ȥԽ࣬쫷Խֲȥ˳ˣôӵаʵһҲˡ
ط棡Ҷǳ̾漴Ȼ׼ΪʲôҪｻˣ쫷ȣҡ磬ټ׺ˣ׼ֻɳһ£ôֻҪһ׼ǿߣϴҪܵлҵǿ
ëٺЦϴ޸Ůڣټǵս̨Աүаգûаѵصѡ쫷ǵطˡھʣˣȻҪһ㡣
׼ɳ񼶱ǿأҶǳ˵
ҡͷܣ׺ⶼԪ쵽޵ˣûʸ׼ҶðҪ֪ϴ׼ӱץסˣ׼Ҷûжð񡣰һսҵǿս򲻵ѣǹؼʱ̣ǲðնõġϾ˰ԪﵽޣҪ˯ӳÿһѶĺܴ󣬶һķ೤ľͲˮ
ԭˣҶǳĵ˵ͷз˺ܶ࣬Ͼֲ̫ˡ

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ҵĸ߼սȻԶĵһţ̽˹ݸ׼ҵĸ߼ս˵֣һǸ׼ҵġ
Ŷ׼ҵĸ߼սùţһɫʱõӣȻв׼ңǵ졣
ҵĸ߼ս𾪵вѵǷ²ʦΪв׼ңԷ˭ôӣ
һº󣬴׼ҵһȥ쫷Ƚʡ׼ҵĸ߼սҡͷ
쫷ȣǵǻѡطҵĸ߼ս΢΢һЦ漴˵ô˵ʦҲܵҵųµģҲΣʲôõŵĵط뾡˵
ˣ׼һԼȻԷҷ׼ͷϣǾ͵ɡ׼ҵĸ߼ս˵ʹҴ뿪ˡ


743 
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Σı֮£Ҷǳ̤ؼһеȰ弫٣̤ս𾳽硣


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׼ҵĵҩǶ࣬ĵҩ֮ǰٶȵĵҩ϶иðɣ
ҶǳЦһ漴ٺˡ
ʱ׺ñѪٶѾˣȻҶǳĿֲٶȣҶǳԶԶ˦
Сֱܣ׺ŭ
Ǻǣ׷Ҷǳ
׺ŭҪ׷ҶǳõŸϻɱȥˡ
ϧ弫֮Ҷǳٶȿ쵽˼£ַܴĵطҶǳʹԼٶȸ졣
෴׺ȴܵ˷赲ٶȱˣ׷Ҷǳ
ҶǳҪȵ׺ĵҩնɱ׺û˵أΧ쫷תȦȦ


748 ع
Сˣң׺ҶǳıӰŭΪҶǳΧ쫷תȦˡ
ҶǳٶȺܿ죬԰ߣȴƫƫû뿪
׺ɵҲµҶǳڵĵҩʱûɱ
뵽׺ݺݵصһҶǳתȥ
֪һעɱҶǳˣȵҩʱͲҶǳĶˡ
Ͼղõҩǿбʵûǳ
𣿡
Ҷǳ׺ߣ׷ȥ
û׷ĽԶԶص׺棬ȴ׺ĵҩñ

׺ȻҲע⵽ҶǳҲµҶǳնģóһƣֱӽ顣
ϴ׺һǱƣҪԮˡ
Ҷǳϴξͼ׺ʹùڿ׺֮󣬾֪û취׷ɱ׺ˣϾ׺֧һʱ䣬ʱ㹻׼ҵǿ߸Ϲˡ
Ϊ˱һ㣬Ҷǳֱӵͷ뿪Ѿȳ£ɱɱ׺ûжӰ졣
ߣ׺Ҷǳ뿪ɵһȴǰ˿ϾоԼĸѾҪˣҶǳղðռ׷δܹȵõ׼ҵǿ߹Ԯ
û취Ҷǳ׺Եĵҩ˽⣬Բжĸñʱ䣬Ȼðյȴ

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յϢϹ󣬷ëһֱŴ󷢴ֻëһˣɵɻʵҶأ
ëûлػֻǵ۾ʱţԽԽɫҲԽԽ
һͻֲõԤУɵٴʵʧˣҶֵô
ңëݺݵһۣתͷŴ
һӳ˹ȵףǵһοë״̬ǰëƤЦӡʣ϶Ҷǳˡ
£Ҳվڴǰȴг˵ǡ
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ëȴҶǳѾ׺ɱץˡϾҶǳٶȺʵ֧ôá
׺
׼ң
ëŭĿԲ¶׹⣬ͷ˻
Ҳɵˣë״̬֪Ҷǳ׶༪ˡ
ҴǸʦ𣬸¾ʮ͵Ÿʬɣ
ëȻ俴룬˵Ҷס׼ң׼ҪǵٸңҪɱ׼˲ҳ
ã˵ͷûзΪ֪ëѾ׷ˡ
ҾХԨë˵ˡ
һ۴һ̾Ҳתȥ
Լ˰֮󣬴һ׹ⱬҶǳӰڴ̨ϡ
ţûˣҶǳ۾ſһ˵ĵңɵɻ
ֻȻң룬ȥʲôˣҶǳɻ󣬵뿪ң¥롣
ʱڰ´Ѷʦʮ񵤲СĿսóҲǺãΪ£ʦ϶뾡һа취ȡʮ񵤡
ңҲëҪЩΪΪȻ׼ұ
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밲һеʱҶǳֱӴԺС
ţþҾȻҶֵһ㶣ʱҡҡͷ漴¶һɬЦݡ
֣һˣҶǳٶȴ
ţһȷԼǻþ÷ǳģվ
Ҷ֣Ҷ֣ޱȼ뿪ӡ
úһͥԺ뿴ϤҶǳ
Ҷ֣Ȼ㣡֮ɫ
һ˭ҶǳԷ˷ۣıЩ֣ôͻȻ֮ô
Ҷ֣֪ǰɫǳѿڴǰһ죬Ȼ϶Ѿ׼ҵɱҶס׼˵٣׼㱨ءһЦؽ͵
ҶǳʱȻ漴Щж
Ҷ֣׷ʲô飿벻ɵʵΪë鲻ãûѯʵʱˡ
λǾһҶǳľ
֮󣬲ɵҵȷǾһΣͻƣս˰弫٣¾ĻزˡԵѲк󸣣·϶һ˳
Ǻǣ㼪ˣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ʵأ


749 ռ
ǼһﰡЦ˵ȥХԨˣͷأȥɣʡĳʲô鷳
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵ѾȻˣϵʦһˡ
ף˵ͷ漴ЩңҶǳļʱȻղѾȥˡ
ˣˣҶǳ漴һͬһ磬ֱۿٶʧС
ǰ弫٣
״ɵ̾ҶֹȻд֮ˣѲ弫٣̤ս𾳽磬Ժ͸û˿κεˡ
˵꣬һɵ뿪ˣҶǳû£Ҳˡ

ХԨ
ëһ֮󣬾ͿʼĥѵССԼСǣҳ׺ݲпᣬСС壬Ŀ
ְְ֡֡С˺ۣڵʹ顣
ʲô࣡ëһķС壬ȵΪһʮǿޣе츳ֻҪŬ˭Ķ֡
˵գǺСһ١
һԵСɵĺСѾˣƣصڵˣΪǵһëпѵġ
ĥǣֻʵ䷴ͻȻһϤë
˭ëһϻͷǳϤⲻܰҶǳѾˡ
磬Ҷϲ𣿡ҶǳЦ˵ȴѾëıСιСһ˵ҩ
ְ֡С屧סҶǳĴȣ֮ɫ
ҶСӣ㡭ëعͷɵͫһ漴г˼˷ܡ
ǺǣûгΪսôܻҶǳ΢΢һЦš
Сӵôӵģëʱ档
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ʱҶǳ˸֮䣬ԸССιһ˵ҩ
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һ̣ëҶǳΪʲôԻˡ
Σͻƣ֮ض漣
ӹм˿ͷͻƵģֱָһ⣬ˣĳɾͶ
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µܲãǷɵɵӣĿͣմвϵ߶źӣӡ
ʲôƨԵΣҲСô̹Ȼëһֹ
壬Ҷǳһָµüģʼתľ»ָǡ
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ֻǣһֱĬҶǳʲô
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СӣǵԣһԵëЦ˵ѾˣֻĽû⿪ðʦ⣬ǰﲻġ
ԭˣҶǳʱȻ漴һԳһʯݣס£ȴʦ
ΪµĴڣʦܿ죬ڽӵĴѶֱ֮Ӿͽ¥Ĵǣʱ䡣
ٺʹʦֱХԨҶǳ
ԶԶؿһһ׷ߣҶǳɵɻ󣬶Աߵë˵磬˵ʦֻٶսΪӦÿģŶԣôϳӣôоͱ׺ⶼСˡ
ë˫Ŀ⣬ȴѾۣһߵİ׷ߣĹȷٶ꣬Ǳµ̼˰ɡ


750 콣
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ֻԱߵëһмƲ죬ʦϾϴҪΪʦҶǳҲΣա
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ҶǳһĿɿڴ漴п׼Ҳǵһ壬Ȼǲƴְ
񵤣£үҪ͵׼ȥˡëҲ͸ˣ鲻Խ˵
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Ҷǳ˷ۣ漴ЦģѾ̤ս𾳽磬ʦ񵤣ܰΪս½ܹɱҵѾˣǿϳС
㻹СĵΪХԨܳƺ֮㻹뿪˵ء뽨
ţףҶǳ˵ͷʵд㣬ƺ֮󣬾ȥһܲҵʥҩȻΪ
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Ҷǳ漴ںԳһϳһɽչء
վֻеȰ尡ҪߵȰԪǾֻܼԪնˡϥҶǳ۾ٰ壬׼Ԫնںϡ
꣬ҲеȰ弫٣ΪߵȰԪм꣬ľѪ˽ѧԪնֻҪ˵ھŲ㣬˳ߵȰԪ
ҶǳҲֻеȰ弫٣ôҪߵȰԪǾֻѧϰġԪնˡ
䣡
һºںϴԪնͼٰʱҶǳĽͻƿӵؽ콣硣
һ̣ҶǳĽ磬ڴﵽʦ𽣻ʵĳ̶ȣʵѾԶˡ
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ڽ̵СǵëȻתͷҶǳչصĵطеɴ۾콣硭ҶСӾȻôʹﵽ콣磡
콣磬ԿΪ


751 ۵
ԿΪ
ɽ֮УҶǳҲӦΪ콣磬ǿйŵֳ档
ҶǳйĽ⣬ָ
Ľ磬Ӧÿ𽥽Ԫն򽣹ںϣγһſսǿ󽣵սˡ
Ҷǳ˸żĹâ
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ƻǽȭժ֣Ǳ˴ս
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ҶǳɲΪս֮󣬻ʹñ˵սҪԼս
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Ҷǳ΢΢ЦѾ̤콣磬ò˵ǴѲк󸣣ԴϴεΣ֮ҾͽϵͻƿʵԽԽǿˡ
ٺ٣񵤺СӵΪһ㣬ʵ͸ǿˡëҲЦ
ᵽ񵤣Ҷǳɵ˷ʱʵʦǱʲôѾȥһˣǰûת𣿡
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ҶǳԵ˵ͷһҲ֪񼶵ĵҩֻ׼ҵʦ¯ܹƵĳʦû£ӵҲС
ӵͲһˣļƷ棬дټϷǴﵽʦΪӦÿƳ񵤡
£Ҷǳ˵ǰѾ˵ˣƻ棬ӦǺܴġ
ļӳɣȷкܴƳ񵤡˵ͷ漴ҶǳĿдЩɣʵѾϵݹ񵤵Ḷ́ҵľ磬Ա֤񵤲⣬ܹסҪ֪Ļһ⣬ǸҵĽ࣬ǾͻṦһ񡣶ҪĲ̫ˣҪһʥҩһʧˣǾʧ̫ˡ
ҶǳŵǰģȿƻˮƽѾﵽʦ𡣡
ⲻڴţΪǱɵģһ֣ԿȻӦ֡
Ǻã𵤵ĵһ£ʱȺ𵤣ػƣһǵĬ˵գһŵݸҶǳ
ʦ⡭ĵӦò⴫ɣҶǳЩɵ˵
ԹЦǲ⴫ǲҴ
Ŷʲôͬ𣿡Ҷǳɻ
ЦҴĻս½˶֪ЩˣǾͲҪټˡⲻ⴫ǸûҪΪЩսҶУֲеĵȻҪܡοĵЩս͸ǵġ
Щս͸ǵģҶǳȵʲôʱЩսôģ̫˼˰ɡ
һԵëһЦҶСӣ֪ܲᵮǰս½ĵҩǱ׼Ҹ¢ϵģʱֵҩļ۸ڹʮϰٱΪ˴׼ڵҩϵ¢ϣԸսҲŻᰵзᣬȻһֱͱ׼Ҹˡ
˵ĲԵͷΪõ˸սҵķ֣Żᷢչô죬ǲ͸ǵᾡǺǵʦϧ񼶵ĵҩһֱûйƣȻĻ֮׼ҾûʸĴǿս֮һˡ


752 ʦ
˷ĻҶǳһУԭǸսҰзԿ׼ҵġϾ׼ҵĵҩ۸̫ˣѹøսвˬǾ׼һǿĶ֣׼¢ϵҩ
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׼ҶԴȻʹޣҪᣬ׼ǿҲֻһսҶѣеսҿ⣬Ӳܿǿսҡ
ڵҩϣеսҶվߵģҲ׼޷ᶯ䣬ֻܶһЩıƣѹ
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Ҷǳһ֮󣬱𵤵ĵȻ濴ʥĴʦ磬ܿܽ͸
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Ҷǳ΢΢Цһ㷶˵ûһֱҰ·ӣԼ
Ҷǳ˵ֶɣȴĿʼ츳ʱȫѧᣬʱͻһ¥²ܳΪʦҲܹﵽʦ۷壬ٺ񵤣ɹʾ͸ߺܶˡ
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ʱ䣬ͿʼҶǳ֪ʶѧ
Ҷǳѧϰĺ棬Щ֪ʶѾ֪ˣûдκһһ롣
ʱһȥҶǳԽܵǺ֪ʶʱԼҰ·Ӻͳʦ֮Ĳˡ
Ҷǳ֪ʶڷš
ڴڼ䣬һθܵҶǳǿ츳֪ܶʶֻҪһ飬ҶǳˡһЩѵ㣬ֻҪһ飬ҶǳҲˡ
һ츳ǿѧеɣԭΪҶǳҪʱѧ꣬ʵϣҶǳֻµʱѧˡ
ºҶǳȷﵽ˴ʦ۷壬ͻʦ磬Ҳֻһˡ
ҶǳͿʼһ񵤵ĵһߺͷ𵤣˴˵Ĭ


753 ս
Ҷǳ淶ХԨѧϰʱս½Ѿӿսҵǿ߳ûڰ̽Ҷǳ䡣
ν֮±·׼θĽ̫ˣְ񼶵ҩóͣһЩϱսǿ߶Ķˡ
Ҫ֪һʥҩҲֻƳҵ񵤣׼ҵʦҪ֮һֻһšҲ˵һ񵤾൱Ҫһʥҩ׼һʥҩͣô˲
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ս½ǳأǱڴ̽Ҷǳ䡣
ʱҶǳһڸǳأô϶޷ΣΪ̫̽ˣл֣ôıòıΣĹȥ
ֻЩҲֻڸǳѰҶǳûȥѰңΪս½̫ˣޱߣǲڳҵõҶǳġǿҶǳҪǵģһֱڳá

ʮɽĳƵʣצһ沼д׼ҶҶǳͣлҶǳʹùĸƤ߻ԼҶǳΪȣƷһӦȫǳϸ
Ҷǳ
磡
沼ϵһԼҶǳʱһ̶¶Ц֮ɫ
ԭˣҶǳͬһˣ㻹ս½˶סˡ
Ц
ǵõһ뽣սʱ򽣷˶͵Ϯʹùơ˺ҶǳֺëɱʹһЩľѧ
ˣʿԵóۣҶǳͬһˡ
ٺ٣Ȼս½ô֣Ҿһݴ񣡡漴վҵοʼ仯һͷ޴צܿͱһݿΣɫĮꡣ
ס沼ʻ̤նȥֱҵĳǳأҵ׼ҵӵܡ
׼Ȼ˾ģս½гǳأǲ׼ҵӵܣպʹҶǳϢ
ȻЩǳص׼ӵҲ˭ܼõģϾǳǿսңЩ׼ӵܶǳ߰
¶սʵΪ֮λ׼ӵܾټˣϾʵΪҪߡ
׾ǣ֪մ׾ǿʽʱӭȥϾԷǾսʣΪߡҶԷˣܿǴҶǳϢȻҪֵһ㣬ô߰Ȼ˭׼ץҶǳ
ҽսһɢޣʵһЦ
գһϰĪǸʧѾõѪսʿ壿׾ǵɫʱ
ûһõԵͷϵٹ⣬һѾûˡ
ԭǳѪսʿ壬ʧʧ׾һʱ֣˵ʵĿ⣬Ҳٸ߰ƽ
ϾѪսʿսһһĴڣȻԷûˣվЩ˲һֵ׼𾴡
£׾£ȥ׼ˮſʵ֣֪˷ǰǲҶǳ䣿
ҡҡͷ˵ҶǳҲ֪ϾʵǿҪûܹҵõ֪һܣԻ׼𺳵ġ
Ŷ׾Բ÷һԷ֪Ҷǳ䣬Ȥ㽵ˣ˵ľܣöԷģΪѪսʿûˣûԴԶԷŽ˻ᣬ׼ʹϵء
£׾ǵʵ֪֪Ҷǳʲôܣ
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׾Цȴ˵Ȼˣֿȸܣ˵ôˣ׼ҾԻ񵤡
ⲻУھ͸ܣ׼ҪǷڣ˭˵ȥҡͷʲô˵ʲôϾޣû˴˵ֱֱȥġ
׾ҲЦˣɫҲĮ׼Ĵǿս֮һս½ͣ׼ҸҷڣǶս½ɲ׼ңĳֻͿˡ
ɫ˱䣬ƺԥգѡ˵Ͼ˵ĿģҪõ֮⣬ҲҪûҶǳһЩ鷳ԱҶǳϴ͵Ϯ֮
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׾ɫһ䣬վɴ۾Ŷʣе˵ղ˵ʲô
ҷҶǳͽͬһˣ˵Ҷǳļݣٴ˵
׾ɫϵر仯һƬϾϢ̫ˣģҶǳͰЩսҸƭ̫ˡ
ôϢֵֵ񵤣˵
׾һ漴Ϣģȷֵ񵤣ʲô֤֤ҶǳϾǺҵĿ䣬׼ȻǿҲֱúҽ磬֤Ҷǳ
üͷ˵ҺҶǳн綼սҷֽҲƣԼһǿĽѧԲ³ͬһˣ֤ݣûСңҶǳˣôܻ֤ݵĻᡣ
鷳ˣ׾ֲ̾ƭңû֤ݣҺ˵׼ҵĸ߲㡣
ʶʱŭˣһǿϢй¶ȵҿҪˣΪǺ۸𣿡
̤Žǿߣִﵽ˾սʾ磬ʵ֮ǿԶ׾ǡ
׾Ƕʱܵһǿѹвɵó𺳣æ˵ŭȻû֤ݣϢʵģ׼ٻһΪ
һţҲУʲôʱңԣʱƣΪ˸Ҷǳ鷳ģܹõһ񵤣Ѿˡ
׾һ¶ͷĺˮЦֻ֣׼һͨӵܣЩ鲢ܹģһϢ߲㡣ˣ֣㻹ʲôϢȷҶǳöҡϾ׼Ҳ˸硢ҶǳжǾͬһˣôһЩ
Գ˼Ƭ̣漴˵ȴӽ˵ǵĽǴﵽ۷壬Ƕɢޣɢ޶ӵôǿĽǺֵûɣʲôʱɢܹôǿˣ
׾Ե˵ͷ˵ȷˣɢܹһžͲˣܳôࡣ
оΪʳ׼˸ͬʱӦ֪ǽ磬ҶǳǵΪǳǿ󣬶ҺпѾ˲֮
׾æ˵ǰҶǳ෬в׼ң׼ҵǿ֮սȷﵽ˲֮硣⣬統ɱӵǳսҲֳǿΪпҲ˲֮
ʵ˵ͷЦͶˣһޱȣս½ܹɲ֮ҲָҶǳɢޣȴ˲֮⻹ֵû𣿡
ǰôһ˵ҲŻȻ򡣡׾Ǹ̾ǰǱ纣ҿݸԻˣûн뵽Ҷǳȥŷɺϡ
ˣʼ˵׼ҿռҶǳͽĸ鱨ͬһˣôǾӦ÷֣Ҷǳֵʱ򣬽ͻʧһʱ䣬ڽֵʱҶǳͻʧһʱ䡣ΪʲôΪǾͬһˣһǲͬʱ˵ݳֻ֣һʱʹýݣһʱָֻҶǳݡ
ˣ׾֮󣬶ʱ۾һվæ˵˵̫ˣһﾪˣʱҶǳֵʱ򣬵ȷûнһϢ
Ҫһ㣡ߵս½ʷϣܹ̤ŽŶָһȴɢ֮г˽Ҷǳ̤ŽţҲδ̫ɺ˰ɡ
׾ǵ˵ͷЦڻϿȷҶǳǽˣڴסһʱ䣬ϽϢ߼߲㡣
ҾĿԴˡ΢΢һЦ˵ô࣬Ŀˡ
׼ҵľ޴ֻҪҶǳͽ磬ô˿Լ鱨ԿжϳҶǳͽͬһˡ
֤׼Լȷ飬ôҪ֤
죬׾Ǿͨ󣬽Ϣٶȣݵ׼Ҽ
׼ҼϢ֮Ҳˣټ߲㣬¡ͬʱҲͽ磬ҶǳˣжϢݵʵԡ
⣬׼ҼˣռҶǳͽս½ֵ鱨
оۣжҶǳǽ磬ΪҶǳͽɺƵĵط̫ˣټϽͻȻðˣǰûʲô͸֤ҶǳŪļˡ
ϾҶǳܲõõҶǳСʱһЩ
ǽ磬һ¶ʱ򣬱ں磬֮⣬ҲκһȷŽҶǳŪļˡ


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ҽȥʺңǽҶǳ׺ҧгݵ˵ΪҶǳԵʣս䵽ս𣬾׺ΪƸֵҩҲҪһʱָܻȻʹҶǳ
ңϴҶǳѣǲ㱻Ҷǳնɱ׼ԮѾ棬еĺܲ
ϷҲô׺Ҳ˵
ʦ׼ҵĹ׺ܴ󣬵λȻҲòӡ
ԳƬ̣˵ʺңһѣΪѾҶҽˣ֤֤Ҷǳǽ磬ôȥûκ֤ݣҪúҽҶǳǼܡ
׺׺һȻЩˬҲ֪˵ûϾǾǿսңҲͱһսңοںҵıվһǿҶҡ

˳Ĭʱ׼ǿԽЩ͸лҺңҶǳлҵĴУɱӣͬһˣҶǳսҵĹͬˡһǾͿֱȺҽҶǳˡ
Զ׼¶һĨ֮ɫҡҡͷļƻҲôģսҲвңϾҺҶҽˣû֤ݣҶǲսԺҵġ
Ǿ֤ݣ׼˵лҺңҶǳϢս½ս½Ѿ֪ϢȻȥʺҡʱ򣬾ͲҪó֤ݣǺҪó֤֤ײС
üƲߣ
Ūս½ۣȺҵͷԴѹ֮дıԣ׼Һ
ƻãվ۵һȥʺңǺҾҪ´ƣҶҳҲˡ

׼ҳϷ׷׵ͷ׼¶֮ɫ
׼Ӱһϲ֮ǰΰܸҶǳҶǳ²ˣ׼ҵĸ߲㶼ˬǷܹ׼һμֻɵ̬ȣڣŤתλ׼Ҹ߲Ŀˡ
Ͼһ׼ҵļʵǴҪģҪĻеıԡ
ɣһ׼ΪԼӮ˲͡

׼ҼϽ͵лҺȥлҺҵҲǰ׳գټ׼ҵϷǳϸǼҲȷҶǳǽ硣
ҵĴһΣƶս½ۡ
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ıëһﲻܴô죬֪ҶСӺͽͬһˣϢҲᴫô죬Ȼǿڰƶ
ͷʵҲֻսˣ׼Ҳؽǳǿ϶ǴʲôյϢû֤֤ǳǽ磬ֻۡ
ҶǳˣôΪ˱ȺңҪҽ磬ںңҲԱȺҺͽֵ֮ء
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Ҳ֪ʱϼҶǳ𵤣˴˵Ĭ
һݺ˵ĬѾǳˣʱҶǳѾ񵤵ĵҲǿʼ񵤡
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ͬʱҶǳҲ˻֣ԼĿռָȡϣͬʱʥҩȡˡ
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һվǶʦԵУֱַϣǳһ˿ûгһַأһʦĲȡ
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ҶǳĬˣ֪ë˵ûҪ׼ǿսѩֻеΪսɱ׼磬ֿԡ
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ëҶǳĬɵļЦ˵ٲã㻹һս½ȻΪȱݣһûʲôȱݣ壬ֻҪϵȫһﵽ۷壬½ЩŲ
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˵ѾҶˣҼѾˣܽʵǷҶǳǺҵĿ䣬ǲԼġ
һǲëʱ̾
ҶǳҲЩжʱ򣬺ҾȻܶסսҵѹɼĿء
Цҿǲҵ㣬Ͼս̫ˣ˭ΪлΪսǿɲѧϰһս񡣡
ллҼ˳ҴϢ˵Ը˳ҡҶǳ˵
С㡭ëҶǳ
ҲҶǳ
ҶǳЦ˼˴ңҲܸ˼鷳
뿪ҲãҲҪع顭ëû˵ͱˣϾҶǳȷǷԻعҶҡ
عʲôɻ
ҶǳЦԺ֪ˡ


759 Ҷ
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׼ȥһֱХԨ𣿡Ҷǳٶʵ
ëҡͷЦХԨܹʲôʵҪȥʮɽ޵¡
ҲãǵʵֻҪʮɽǾû¡Ҷǳ˵ͷëڣûʲôɵĵġ
ë֪յأḻˣʮɽ޵ĴӪʲô飿
ңëŶսΪټ츳ЩսҵӶĶ֣ʵʮɽ㹻úˡ
Ҷǳӱëǣʩչ弫٣뿪ХԨ

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ӶҶǳȻͫһɫԣΪҶ͸ôҶ˽ӣ˵㵽˭ҶҰ𣿡
תӣ˵ҶǳԸعҶңҶǳ˵
ҶǳʲôҶǳһ㶣漴ƺʲôʱɴ۾ŵؿҶǳ
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˻ӵõҶǳȷϣɵõһҶǳסĽɫҶӣ뵽Ҷǳ֣ɵ𺳣û뵽ȻҶˣִˣҲ޷ԵƬ̣Ͼȥ֪ͨӺλ
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Ҷǳûеȴãܿ죬һӰӿռѷ֮гһ˱Ǿӡ
ҶǳɨһֻۣҶҵʥӣԼһЩϣˡ
ⳡƺЩʢ󣬵ȻҶǳɲΪԷӭģпΪ档
Ͼֵ÷зҶǳȻҶӵܣҶҵôܲء
ӦýҶǳ˰ɣ̤նЦ˵ھعҶˣ
ΧҶӵһ棬ӵĻԭʶˣҾҲ֪ҶǳҶˡ
ǺǣλЩʣ֪ҶǷԸҶǳŶľ΢΢Ц
ʣԿҶǳоⶸȻ䣬̶̾ս𣬾ŽľŻعҶңҶҵһʲôʵģ
ΧԣǾһƬ
Ҷǳ츳Ѿ˵ˣҶǳΪǻǵһ֪Ȼôǿ
Ҫ֪ǵľӣҲŽս𾳽ġ
ҵѾս½ҶҲµ׼ҡлҺ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ҶңӾ漴¶м֮ɫսңҲֻű˶ѣȻѾعҶңͲٰǷ


760 
ӵĻǳĵϾҶҵӣһǿӡ
ͬʱҶҲĴǿսҵһ
ߣȴȥλ
漴˵
ҶǳһҶӵܵע£Ҷ硣
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Ҷǳ̾ò˵ǿսҾǿսңǺͨսܹģҲѹ־ӻ᲻׼Ƿ
·ϣӸҶǳܵҶǳأֱʥǡǡسǡǺͻƳǡǳһ˾סĵطͨ˾סڵسǣʥϵ˾סǡǺͻƳǣǾһסĵطסʥϵˣƳסͨˡ
ʥǣӼ˵λλ̫ϳϣԼҶһЩǿߵǱ޵ء
Ҷǳף˵ľǿߣ¾ҶҵЩ񼶱ǿˡ
ʱӾʹҶǳʥǡ
оӴ·Ҷǳһ·裬ϾҶҵ˶ʶӣû˸赲ӡ
ʥ֮󣬾ӴҶǳһ̻Ի͵Ĵ
λҶҵļҶ޵ҶۣԼʮλҶҵ̫ϳϣעžӺҶǳ
λҶǳӶϷλҶҼ˵
ͬʱӸҶǳߵǾһļҶ޵ұߵǳһļҶۡ
ҶǳѾڴϷλҶҼӵĴʱλҶҼĿЩͬ
Ҷ޵Ŀ֮гͺ͸ˣҶ۵ĿЩĮһɵ⣬ֻصĺ
ԴˣҶǳԤϣϾǳһĵϵӵܣҶۣȴǳһĵϵԣҶȻϣҶǳصҶңϾһв
ҶһѾռǳһϵܶˣǿɲΪҶǳĳ֣Ӷʹٶ˻ϵһ
ͺñү˻ʵۣȻٻȥү
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ǣҶǳ˵ͷ漴߶ؿڵսǣһųҵĽ⣬ʱϱ
ͬʱλ̫ϳϣҶҵλܵһԴѪĹ
ǳһҶ˸оǿҡ
Ȼǳһսǣ
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ȷҶҵˡ

ڣһ̫ϳǷ׷׵ͷ
Ҷ޵ЦſҶۣ˵֣¿ȷ˰ɡ
ߣҶһҶҵĺˣ粻عҶңƫƫʱعҶңŲҶңֻսұƵͶ·ԸعҶңˣҲҶҡ
Ҷǳ֪ҶԼɫȻ򶨣ûκη
Ҷ޵ȴǲذ˰֣ЦҰ˲ܵҲǺܲΪһ㣬ͰһӵܸϳŰɡ˵⻹һ̤Žĳء
µ츳ҶߵҶұѾսҼɵˣΪ׼ҡлҺңֵ𣿡
Ҷ޵˵ⲻֵֵõ飬ȻҶӵܣҶҾҪҶԼӵܶˣǻкԳǿսңʱ򣬿ʲôèҶͷʺˡ
Ҷ۶ʱ޴ӷǼֵ֮Ϊ˼忼ǣǲͬعҶҡ
֣ȻˣǾͰϹˡҶ޵һЦ漴ڳλϣϹأλô¾ͽڳλ̫ϳϾͬҶǳعҶҵ֡
ԱߵҶۣɫʱѾ֪ˡ
ϾҶңһΪǿڳ̫ϳϣԾһࡣ
ԣÿһֱǾһռơ
ȻҶ޵Ļ£һ̫ϳǷ׷׾֣ڳˡ
Ҷ޵ʱվȻˣӽ쿪ʼҶǳҶҵӵˡ
ߣҶһȥ


761 Ҵ
Ҷ֮ҶǳҶ޵ʥǾסǶ츳ǿӣϾһҲֻоʸסʥǣǳһǳӶûʸ
ȻҶǳãӦҶ۲ӭԼȥǾסϾȻǳһڵǳһϵû˿ϵ
۲ĲԣҶҲͬҶ޵Ҷǳʥס¡

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ΪʮϰɮһıظǼֱС׼ףȫȡ
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ҶǳǾŽţδҲǰ񼶱ǿߣкܴΪս¥Ϊʥҩļ۸ܹ㷴
Ѿˣʣǿۻ۵ʱ䡣


762 Ҷ
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ɿɮһİһʦ֤Ĵóʥҩ֮󣬱㴫¥ꡣ
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лҵĴɫһкȻһ˿⣬ƺʲô鲻Խ˵ѵ
ʱ˵мӦ֪ǵҶǳһĵϵϵ棬ʱֵķз
֪׼ҵĴԵͷҶǳһϵļλ񾡽һż֮УʹǳһĵϵʧأϵʵѹӶȡ֮Ҷǳһĵϵǵʤϵ
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ǺǣϵˣЦ˵ҶǳǳּҼһ˽ӣּҵʵҶ֣ǵҶҵϵһӵܣΪܲ˵ϵӵܵ۸Ӷ뿪Ҷң֦ɢҶ
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׼ҵĴɫصлҵĴһŭô˵
лҵĴЦҲֻǲ²ѣҿ϶Ͼ˭뵽һСķˣȻҶ


763 Ȼ
ҶǳȻҶҵѾعҶˡ
Ϣ̫ˡ
սҵĴɵˡ
ô죿
ҪȥҶ
ЦǿĴǿսеǿսң˵ս½һҲΪ
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ôܷҵĴҶǳɱҵӣ˳𲻹죬ҶӵܣΣѵҶ˾ɱҵ𣿡
лҵĴԼЦɲҪˣ޸۹бҶǳɱģǿһؾżսҵĹأżؾ֮У۽ʲôޣȥ
Ҵһ漴ŭʱҶӵܣ
ˣлҵĴ̯̯֡
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ͷʦ˵ĶԣҶһܴѡˡΪѾɳ츳ҲﵽŽ򣬴ʱعҶңҶҸ߲㶼ỶӭҶҵǳһˣҲֻˡ
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ʱս½һƬȻ
ЩսǣһĿɿڴ
֮ǰ̰׼ͣһ̽ҶǳˣʱŵûصϳҲҴҶǳˡ
ϾҶǳѾعҶˣٸôǾֱҶˣ

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ر㣬ˡ
Ҷǳϲɫ
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764 ȫ
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Ҷ֡뻹˵ȴһԵķˡ
ֻЦҿǻǲҪȥˣͽ¥˼ܼ򵥣ǲϣ㽻Ϊ˼ҲףǲռıˡȻˣǲһ
Ժô˷
ʦģҶǳЦ
źӣЦ˵ʥҩûôƳ񵤲õãҺʥҩƳ񵤣Ȼƽ֡Ļõ˺ôҲõ˺ô¥ҲǵĽˡ
ǰʱ۾һ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цû
չأҪȡһֺôҲƽ޹¥ĺôˡ
ˣ˵ʦ׼ȥأҶҲвʥҩǿԺҶҺ񵤡Ҷǳ漴˵
ʱ޵ҶãȻҶƳһ񵤣ԼҲܵõһ񵤣ֱȫ
ҲЦͽû⣬һҪ󡣡
ʦ˵Ҷǳæ˵
˰֣˵ţҵҪܼ򵥣Ǻ׼ҵһÿһ¯ҩҪ֮ʣµ֮һҶҡȻҪûô֮Ҫ֮ΪҪġ
ҶǳԶʱкܸжɻôҶδػӦ
û˵һԵЦҶ֣ҶһӦģҪ֪׼񵤣Ҳۣ׼񵤣ֻʵ׼ҡ񵤾ͲһˣҶˣʵǿˣҶֻкôȫ⣬Ҷ˳ǰ׳գ򲻻᲻Ӧġ
ͷͽҪǲ˵ҾȥҶҼ˵
鷳ʦȥ˵ɡҶǳæ˵漴ʶ̽ȥֱҵڸסľӣ񵤵
ӶʱʥҩͬƹܣûоȨλϲС
˵գӾȥλˣҶǳԵƬ̡
ҶǳӵĻ߷룬һЦһļӦûֵ֧ģǳһļҲ˳ۣ϶ͬ⡣
Цǵǳһĵϵӵܣ츳ôߣǳһȻ㡣һҲʲôˣ֮Խ㣬һпܳΪս񣬶ǽѹǳһǾһҶҡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷǰ׳գѾµеȨ档
ҲںعҶңҲֻʱҸܷ۶ѣһǳһʲôȨûйϵ
ϣʦ´ʦ빫ӣλ룡Ƭ̺һҶҵӵǰ˵
Ҷǳǣʥǵ´
ʱҶ޵ҶλѾڴˣԱ߳˾⣬û̫ϳˡ
ҶǳҶɫһ䣬ſĿ֮жһ˿⡣
Ҷ޵ȴһЦݣҶǳ˵ǳ˵ͷʦܹƳ񵤣𣿡
ǿԴΪôƵ׼Ҳǿ¯ƵĳҪƭҶҵʥҩΪҶҵǰ׳𣿡ҶҶǳ


765 
ҶۣҶǳҲˣõǳһȻһȶûУǸԼԣҲѹֻᱻһһֱѹͷϡ
ǱԣҶǳƢٺãҲܲסˡ
ӭҶ䳰ȷĿ⣬ҶǳĿԵ˵Ҳ֪ʲôԴ󣬵֪ʲôʵǣҺͷʦܲ񵤣Ծ֪ˣûҪ˷ʱ䡣
ߣ˵ĺһ¾Ҫ˷һʥҩҶȻҴҵҲ˷ѡҶߵ
ˢҶǳйâһʥҩ֮ǰģеʥҩҶ˵ʥҩУ˷Ҷҵġ
Ҷͫһû뵽ҶǳȻӵʥҩһꡣҪ֪ҶңҲֻǱʮʥҩѣ⻹Ƕ괢ģҶһֱãӵΪȥˡ
λǻҵˮƽǾͲ̸ˡ룬ҶҲҺսһԸҺģϾҺܱʵ׼ҪõöࡣʱҲ˵ɫ
Ҷû˵Ѿ֪ôˡ
Ҷ޵æ˵ʦ֣ҲֻǽһЩˣûκҪ˼ֻҪܹ񵤣ҶԸ
˵ͷ˵ȻˣǾ̸һºˣʵҵҪܼ򵥣ǳ񵤣֮֮һ׼һ
Ц
Ҷ۶ʱŭ׼񵤣Ϊ׼ҽƾһ֮Ƴ񵤵ģ㻹ҪҶҵӵЭ񵤣ƾʲôҪ֮
Ҷ޵û˵ֵҶˣȡһ棬ǾһҲкô
ҶŪˣҲҶ۲ˬ˵˵ǳ֮㻹ĻҾ˵ټһЩҡǳҶң֮һܹƽ𣿡
ԣҶ޵Զʱ۾һҶҾ֮׼ǿˡңõʵ׼ңϾôǿûҲвҶҡ
Ҷҡͷ˵ҶǳҶҵӵܣЭ񵤣ʱȻһЩ񵤣Ϊڴ֮ǰ֮Ҷգֻ֮һ
Ҫ̰īҶǳ֮һҶǳ
룬üͷ
Ҷǳһ
Ҷ޵;ȻоЩȥǶûпϾܹ֮ǾһҲֵܷöһЩ˻ҶǾһûϵ˶Ҷǳġ
Ҷôδ̫˰ɣǳȻҶҵӵܣҪѸҶҰ£֮һǺġȻԼͽܳԿ
֣ʲôֵģҶЦҶӵΪҶҷӦģ׼ҵʦԼҲûҪˣҶǳܹսҵ׷ɱҲΪҶҵıӻΪӵܣȻ˼ĴȻҲҪΪѵ𣿡
˵գҶۿҶǳҶǳ˵ûɣ
ûҶǳԷԼѹòͷ
ǺǣҶ۶ʱ¶Цݡ
ǷˣֵҶȻ㲻ͬҵҪǾˣҲҶҺˡ
˵ֶ꣬Ҷǳ˵ǳҺͼҡԼҵļҲϤǰ񵤣ǿ϶ͬҵҪ󡣡
ãҶǳ˵ͷ
Ҷ޵;Ӷʱɵˡ
ǰҶҲͬ⣬еսͬ⡣
Ͼѵҩ͸׼ң͸ᣬ᲻Ϊ׼ǿĴڡ
أսңôѡġ
Ͼ׼Ҿ¢ϰ񼶵ĵҩɳΪĴǿս֮һ
սңϣٿ׼ҳɳȥȻҲᰵз׼ҶԿˡ
У
Ҷ۴˿̲ɵþŭӵҶǳ㲻񵤡
ҶǳߵҶۣδ̫ܵ˰ɣ˭õ׼ɣȻҶӵܣҶй涨Լӵܰ𣿡
ҶҶǳֱʱȻŭҶǳﻹûгңǳһļʸ㡣
ǸҼҶңûлعǳһҲûнңûʸҡҶǳ˵
㡭ҶۺݺݵҶǳ
Ҷǳͬ


766 Ŀ
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ҶۺҶǳ۵СۣһԵҶ޵ȵһҶҵļһҶҵĳţǰɺͳЦ𣿡
첲գѵҽѵһҲ𣿡Ҷߵ
ˣҶ޵˰֣漴Է˵ʦҪͬˣҲһССҪ󡣡
Ҷ˵˵ͷ
Ҷ޵漴˵ҵҪܼ򵥣Ҷ֮һǲܰһ¯ҩ㣬ǰܵҩ㡣Ҳ˵Ҷҵʥҩ֮󣬵õ񵤣ҶҪ֮һʣµ֮ƽ֡
û⣡ҲʹӦˡ
֪Ҷ޵ô˵Ŀģǲˮƽ
һ¯ҩûţôҶһŵҩò
Ȼ㣬ԻǰܵҩȽϺá
ҶǳԴ˶ûϾֻǸһЩ࣬ܵõһЩ񵤣׬ˡ
ǳȴʦȥϢɣһº񵤡Ҷ޵÷ͬ⣬Ҷǳ˵
λȻˣǾȸˡ漴ֵ
Ҷǳŷ뿪
ȵ뿪֮ҶתͷҶ޵˵ôҪΪҲ֪ĿģҪѹǳһ̫ˡ
λȻȥˣӿִ뿪
Ҷ޵˻֣Ⱦ뿪֮󣬲ŶҶ˵㻹һԽǾһһӣעڽѹǳһбҪһٽҶǳѹ˵Ҷǳ츳Ⱦ˿عҶңֻΪӵһ֣ⲻ鷳𣿡
ߣҵģ˭׼ҶҵġҶߵ
Ҷ޵Ц㰡Ҷҵ棬ѵɮһǱߴϢûյҪ˶ã½˾Ҫս½ˣʱս½ĸ־ͲǰˡҲҪһЩȥ½ǾӣҶǳǶҶҵĶţκһ½ãôҶҵ̫ˣܹġ
ò˵Ҷ޵۽Ҷ۴ˡ
ҶۻھҶǳ飬˵˵ĺҶǳǾһϵӵܵ˽ӣҿ㻹ǲô򶨡
Ҹ˶Ҷ޵Ц֣Ҫ뿪һ㣬ҶǳܳΪսǳһһвûСΪսҲֻؿһǶȡǳһĵλȻҸΪǲ̰ҶҵȨƣտ϶Ҫȥ½ԺδػҶҡ
ҶԳĬƬ̣òҶ޵˵öԣʵ뵽һ㣬ֻΪҶǳǵǳһϵӵܵĺᣬַС
ͺñһү˻ʵ۵ıڿǸԼ±Ļʵ۵˽ӣ˻ΪһţүȻеɵ͵ˣ֮顣
ھҶ޵ѣͨһ㣬ҶҲɿҶǳˬߵ񵤵ȥɣϹأõ񵤣ǳһһ롣
˵꣬ͷȥ
Ҷ޵ԶȥҶۣҡͷĿ⣬㣬һ£ҶǳϾҶǳֻǵǳһϵĺᣬһ֪˶ٴĺᣬûʲôޣȫԽ£ǿǳһʵϧǳһעһֱǾһ·硣

һ֮УҶǳ뷶񵤡
һԹۿ
̫ˣȫ뿴һͷˣһ˽ⲻ࣬ԿǳȥһԾȥˡ
¿Ľζû֮ǰǴʦ۷ʦ͵ʱķš
ǻָˣΪҲˣܹöҶǳͷҲѧϰ˺ܶ࣬ʼʦͻơ
䣡
һ
һ¯Ƴɹˡ
򿪵¯Ҷǳʱ񵤣ʱЦݡ
ȹϴεˮƽٸĽһ϶Ц
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ͷع֮ǰľ˴˲ʱҲۣԹ壬ұΪҶǳ˲õĽ顣
ȵڶ¯񵤳ɹ֮ɵõŵҩȻûǷҶǳûʧΪѾܵԼľڲϵţֻҪƼ񵤣϶ġ


767 ʮĿ
¯񵤣һŵҩҶǳõĿţʣŰԼ͸ˡ
񵤣ԺͻƵս𾳽Ͳˡ
Ҷ֣һ飬ȸˣʲôʱ뿪Ҷңϵҡõҩ֮󣬱Ҷǳ𣬱ϾҶҲʱˡ
һ·˳磬˳һСǱߵĶ½˽٣һҪ֪ҡҶǳ˵
ЦȻ
ϣҶǳ뿪׼硣

һº󣬾ӴʮʥҩҶǳͷ񵤡
ҶҹȻǼҴҵ󣡡Ҷǳóʮʥҩʱпѡ
ң²⣬ʮʥҩӦòҶҵȫҵҶҿ϶һЩʥҩ
ϾҶһ壬ֻڣҪһЩʥҩӵܡ
ʼɣ
ЩȲضҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ʼͷ񵤡
Ҷǳʩչ𣬾Եú𾪣Ϊ֪ҶǳѾӵ̫ͺˣӵһֱ漣
䣡
Ĵ񵤵ľ飬ҶǳԵø˳ˣܿͳɹƳһ¯ҩ
мŵҩӶʱȲ̽ͷֻҪţǾ㲻ˣϾ׼ҵʦ¯ҲֻŶѣʱֻܹš
ӿ¯֮ŵ֮󣬶ʱ𾪵Ȼţ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ҷǳȴǵ˵֮ǰΣţƼΣӦþһ¯Ŀˡ
𣿡ԵЩš
ȻҲ˭Ƶҩ׼ҵЩʦӵ¯ϷЬ䡣ˮƽϷս½һ
ʦȷ˫Եؾ
ҶǳˮƽȥδҶǳԼƳˡ
һ˾Ȼ϶ӵǿ츳̫ˡ
ӵһθоӵжֵѹ
ϲѹΪѹŻ
Ѿһ޵˺ܶ꣬һˣȻеܸˡ
䣡䣡䣡
һ¯¯ҩϵƳɹ
ӵʮ¯ʼҶǳƵ񵤣ѾͻƵÿ¯Ŀš
ڵʮʥҩһƳʮ񵤡
֮ǰԼҶǳҶҺͷһ˿Էֵ16.6ŵҩ
ҶǳΪ˷㣬Ϊ˸жҶң˾Ӷʮ񵤣ͷʣµʮ񵤡
ԴˣӵȻûκϾҶռ˱ˡ
ҲûϾõ񵤣Ҫ͸ҶǳģȻҶǳˡ
ΪҪˣ³ָտɴӿҶǳʮ񵤣ʱĽ֮ɫ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦҶҵǿӣʮ񵤣϶ֵܹò١
ҡͷʮ񵤣Ǿһֵֻܷʮţңֵֻܷš
Ҷǳ˵ͷܹ⣬ϾҶҼҴҵӵڶ࣬ܰԴ˾ӡ
ˣȸˣҲҪչҾͲˡ漴Ŷʮȥ
ͽҲˣпǡҲ¸ҶǳǱ
ҶǳЩᣬҲܴ˼ҷ˵Ķ磬ȥ
صҶǳֱӹرչţʼչ
һһõʮĿ񵤣ԿԽΪüˡ
䣡
Ҷǳһ񵤣ʼ弫١
һ񵤣ܹҶǳԴ״̬һݣԣÿһݣҶǳͷһ񵤡
һµʱת۹ȥҶǳµ񵤺İ弫ͻƣʹΪڴս۷ս𾳽硣
һͻƣʹҶǳʵ
Ҫ֪һǵսǳսǵսмսˣҶǳѾһλмսˡ
ټҶǳĿֲ츳Լڿ׻һЩ߼ս۷սҲаˡ
ȥ񵤣һжʮſţ
Ҷǳ˷֮ɫ
Ҳһ嵽߼ս𾳽ȥʱʵ¶ܸһսˡ
ʱվս½۷ˡ
ϣ룡Ȼ⴫һҶӵܵ
ҶǳʱüͷѾ˵Լչһʱ䣬ô
£Ҷǳ߳ǰҶӵܣѯʵĸң
ǾһҶ޵ǰҶӵæ˵
ðɣ֪ˣھ͹ȥҶǳ˵ͷϾҶ޵϶ʲôҪ顣


768 ӡ
Ҷ޵´ϾνҶ޵Ҷûκιϵ
ԣҶǳҶ޵סһľŸ
ǳˣɣŸ֮УҶ޵ҶǳʱЦָ档
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҶ޵Ķ¡
Ҷ޵һֱܿҶǳҲ֪Է£Լ
ҲкôύҶ޵
ʲô𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵ
Ҷ޵Ǹ֪ڱչŶϲս𾳽硣ȻҶ޵ҶǳΪ
˵գҶ޵˵֮Դ㣬ҲȲѵԭ򡣡΢ͣ£׼йأ
׼ңҶǳĿһ
ոյϢǰ׼ҺҴһʽףҶ޵һֱ׼Ұ񵤣Ҫȡ֮ĴۡһΣǺҴɹʶֻȡ֮һĴۡ
Ӧ׼ҵ⣬ʲôϵҶǳɻ
Ҷ޵Ҷǳ˵׼Ҵ˾ԭһǽңҹѾˡڶ׼κҺõ񵤣ѩս𾳽硣
ʲôҶǳɫһ䡣
Ҷ޵ɫҶǳ˵׼һûأ׼Һܶӵ̸ۣܶ˵׼ҪѩΪȻ׼ӶᣬӶ׼̤Ž򡣡
ҶǳɫʱҶ޵ƭԴ¿ġ
ǳ֪ѩĹϵصظ¡ϣ㲻Ҫ嶯ҶȻǿ׼ңҲܰ׼ѩҶ޵ɫҶǳ̾Ϣ
л֪Ҵ£ģҲ嶯ġҶǳһ漴Ҷ޵мҶ޵£ȵѩˣǾ̫ˡ
úŬɣнսʣԺΪս񣬱л׼ұ𡣡Ҷ޵漴Ҷǳļ򣬹
ˣȸˣҶǳ˵ͷ漴뿪
Ҷǳ뿪Ƭ̺󣬾ӵӰŸ֮УǰҶ޵Ը֪ǾԲ᲻ܴµģΪҪǺ
ǺǣȻ֪Ը񣬾Ӧǲ£֪ˣ϶ԹҶҵġң㲻Ҫ̫СˣܹԷ˵زսҵ׷ɱıԾԲԼĴ㣬ͲöൣˡҶ޵Ц˵
ߵʲô㣿һȻӵҲ޷׼Ҵѩ
ǺǣҲһܹΪٽһءҶ޵Ц˵
תȥ

صԼסĹ֮Ҷǳ˳˼
˵ûӵһʵﵽ˰񾳽磬Ҳ޷׼Ǹ̶Ѩ潫ѩߡ
Ͼ׼磬ӵ׼ҵǿߣв٣һ
ΣյĵطһҰҲֻ·һ
ӵ壬ټҶǳʵһЩȳѩ
񱮣
ȻҶǳһ
ҶȻӵȻܰʹãôֻʣ´пܵõˡ
Ҫõ񱮣͵ðѵر߲ȥսս
ĵرﵽ˵㣬ֻ߲һ㣬δûлѩ֮ǰͻơ
ϾҶǳӵжʮſ񵤣Щ񵤿ǿԣ弫٣ͬҲܹر졣
뵽Ҷǳʱܾ
׼Ҫ񵤣Ҫٵʱ䣬ǵõ֮󣬻ҪһʱѩΪս𾳽ȥ
ҵ㣬ҵʱ䣬¡
Ҳ˵ڣһҪѵر߲㣬Ӷõ񱮡

Ҷǳ뵽
Լлѩ
£Ҷǳһ񵤣ʼרر졣
ʱʱķ񵤺ʱΪֱرŹϾõҶǳʵվս½۷壬ɱΪǿˡ
ʱһȥҲһһŵط¡
ڸ߳԰£ڵµҶİ£Ҷǳĵرһǧ
䣡
ڣºҶǳĵرͻƵ˵߲㡣
ʱѾķʮһ񵤡
ӡ
ڵر̤߲ʱҶǳԺжʱһսֱӡ֮У֪
ӡǴսµս


769 
ӡһȭӡ˴֮ŴصĺأһƬѹǳǿ
ΪǣҶǳȻýȭʩչӡΪͬȭ˴ͨ
дսҵһ¥ˡҶǳɵЦݡ
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ϾҶǳһλ̤ŽĳţѾս𾳽磬ʵ츳ǿ
ڱչ𣿡
Ҷǳ̽ʶ־ӵסڸǣ֪϶ڱչأϾҲõһЩ񵤣ҪΪ
ûҵӣҶǳȥҶ޵ˡ
Ÿ֮УҶǳҶ޵΢΢
֪⣡Ҷ޵ǰҶǳһ̾漴ԱߵһָһҶǳ
ͣ
Ҷǳ˫ָס¶ɻ֮ɫؿҶ޵
׼һݸģһǸҶҵġҶ޵˵
ңҶǳɵþȵؿеȻҶǳĸ֡
ֻǣ׼Ҹͷô
ʲô飬͸ҶҾˣûҪͷͰⲻ鷳
źģҶǳɵòдݣһͫ׶ʱһɫҲ
ȷдȴǳţҪһ飬׼ӭȢѩʱ䶨ڰºȥμӻ䡣
׼֪ҶǳѩĹϵȴصҶǳĿĲҪԶлңҲȲѩ
Ȼ׼Ǻ޼ҶǳģԲôġ
Ҷǳȴ׼ҵһĿģǾҪŭƵֻ䣬ʱ׼ҾͿֱӻɱʱҶҲ޿κΣϾ˼ͣȴȴףⲻ
һ㣬ҶǳʱһЦ
ףǺǣξȥ׵ġ
ڴ֮ǰȥһХԨ񱮵õ
һټʵһ׼кβɣ
ǳĴӦÿԲµó׼Ҵ˾ٵĿġԣȰ㲻ҪȥμˣҶһǰȥ񡣡Ҷ޵ų˼֮еҶǳɵȰ˵
ҶǳģҲ嶯ģԼȥɣȻ׼һΪ
Ҷ޵üͷ漴˼ȻˣȥɣסˣֻҪ㲻ȶ֣׼ǲҶԸģҶҾǵĽڣߣ
⻰˵ĺܰҶʸ
ȸˣҶǳ漴뿪ʣ°µʱ䣬ЩҪϳˡ
ҶҵĴҶǳȵִ۹ĳǳأȻٷǰХԨʱ仨һݡ
ִХԨҶǳ˽֮Ĺ
񱮣Ѿӡˣ
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Ҷǳ侲㣡ԱߣһҶҳҶǳӱʮ겻οֻһŮӶѣ㲻ҪΪǰ;
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774 ֮ս
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׼Ӵ˿ҲҶǳ֮⣬ŲԶŭܳλ׼棬Ҳ֪Ҷǳӳˣжʱ˲š
׼ӣ׼λڸɣҶǳס׼ӺԽԽˣŲԶλ׼棬ǹһĨЦ
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츳̫ˣձҪɱ׼Ҽλ׼洫
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λ׼ȻſҶǳãǿҲֻǿ⣬ǲı»ɱҶǳ
ʣһ䶨ˡ
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ȵ˷ӦʱҶǳѾ뿪ˡ
Ҷǳۣ
һ漴ɫһ󳱺죬͵һѪ
ȻŭģѪˡ
˲ɵЩͬ׼ң⻹ǵһλѪļʣܿͻᴫս½
ʱ׼ҽΪһЦ׼ӵܿҲҼˡ
λذɣ׼Ҫرһʱ䡣׼ɫͿˡ
ͬʱؿԶҶһˣߵǸϷҶҵλ֮£׼ҾԲưոݣҶұһ
Ҷҵļû׷ȥ
һ䣬׳Ϊ־硣

ս½ĳأһռѷ֣Ҷǳ˫˫߳
Ҷǳǰãмζлӳȡ
Ǻǣ֮Ͱˣ˵Ҳȹ޸۹İա΢΢Цҡͷ
ҶǳвɵҲѣԼʴȻһֵ꣬Ᵽνһһģ춨˵˻кñġ


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βǺӦϣ֮ҶǳҪ׼Ƥ뿪ǲܵġ
ǺǣΣյģû뵽㾹ȻҲһҳ֣ҲȲ㡣ЦҶǳĿЩʣÿܸܵҶǳǿһӵʵѾȫ֮ˡ
ǧǰսµҲòŵõġҶǳԼҲЩңǵõ񱮣׼ѩ
ȻѾûˣҲ뿪ˣ漴̤նȥһƬƶ䣬޾ڡ
ҶǳĿȥ漴ǡ

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ҶǳæֹһСɣôһʦԹأ
Ҳãһʱ϶֣պȥСܱܷͷЦ˵
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˵գëֶҶǳ˵СӣϽȥСѩκãʱ뱾үϣȥһʮɽѱүıȡ
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ëƲɣСӻʣµʮ˿񵤣Ӧ㹻ˣã˵ֱս𾳽硣
ҶǳԴϲս𾳽磬ҵʵͿ۷սټ񱮣׼ҵǼϼһҲܹ֮һսˡ
ȱ˵̫ˣүмͷ϶ڱүϳǿɶǰ񼶵ޣС׼սɡëߵ
İɣд֣ǰҲҪ˱ᡣҶǳŵϾڴ׼ҵʱѾʶĿֲ
ٶȺܿ죬һ֮󣬱ʮɽ
ںԳһפأҶǳСǣǵΪг
УСѾһս𾳽磬СҲһս𾳽磬Сսʾ硣
ʱ̵ĲҶǳëЦ
ëǵȻǵҲͶˣͻˡң½˾Ҫˣʱ˵Դȥ½ʱҪϵΪͷҲûбҪΪˡ
Ǿĥǵս飬ΪԷϵսɲϵʱҲһЩ·Ҷǳ
ëЦ˵үõʱ䣬үǳȥЩսǸսˣٵս⡣
ҲãǾȥϳɣҶǳ漴СսͿѪһںԳһ˸󣬱ëʮɽ
ľïʢ̫䲻һƬһ˵ѪڣɭȻֲ


777 ͷ
Ҷǳǵһνʮɽ˵ս֮⣬δ̤Ϊٵİޣ൨̤Աɡ
ҶǳҲӵ˴񱮣Ÿë˵ء
Ũ񰡣ҿжҶǳʮɽ󣬶ʱоŨ˼ʮ֮£ʱתر죬Ӧ֮
һ˲䣬һ˷ݹ֮࣬ҶǳĿɿڴδҲ̫˰ɡ
Сӣ̽ˣгǧëȻЦԴս½ʮɽ޵ĵ̣ʮɽһֱ޵ĴӪսҲһֱȻкܶࡣ
ҶǳԾȵս޵Уѵǻɵʮɽޣ
ëҡͷⱾүͲˣÿսʮɽһڰǩַԼԼݺܼ򵥣Ǵﵽ񼶱޲뿪ʮɽսҲٽʮɽ
ʲôܣҶǳ²
ɣûʲôϵСԺ̤ս񾳽磬Ȼ֪ë˵գ͵ȷǰ·
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Ҷǳë棬Ц˵ڸı价̤㣬ֲøı价Ȼᷢʲô仯
Ȼһþ޴Ĺ֦Ҷïʢͨ쳹أҶǳС
Ҷǳ۾һⱲӼߴ֦Ҷͬһ㣬ȼգͷųҫ۵Ļ⣬Ƭ
ͩӦǴ˵е֮ͩɣϳڴ˵ءҶǳ뵽Լһż濴ļأɵѿڶ
СӣʶǱүļҡëЩȵؿҶǳһۣ漴תͷǰ֮ͩɫǧˣүڻؼˡ
Ȼ㣡
ëڻˣ
νǧ꣬Ҿ֪㲻ô

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ҶǳëʱĿȥ
ҵͷˣëɫص
Ҷǳ˵ͷѾͨ񱮣һսӿȡ
һ̣ڰɭ߳ȻֱһͷߣһͷѪԼһͷʯͷˡ
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Ҷǳеľ޵ʵԲ׼ҵλ٣ǿλ񼶱ǿڡ
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䣡ʯͷһ˫ȭŭصëŭȵ㺦Ҷɽʧܣ˳𲻹죬ɱĿ
ëмʣͶˣɽٳ񣿸ο㲻ҲѱүɽٵϢñүһ𱾴үû㱨ء
ëɱãҶӾһҪɱ㣡ͷ׺ݵصë
ëߵ˭ǼﾹǱү͵ȼʥޣҲڱүʮǿǰ磬Լ
ֻĳǶгҺԩ޳ΪΰҵϳϴٸɾѪߺ޵صë
ëƲүȱһЩʥҩʥҩүȻŹνе߾֮˵ıˡ
޳ܵëʲôеߣͷŭȵ
ˣʯͷ˻ɱ⡣
ǵһȺܾˣѪȶ

һԣҶǳǰλ޵ĶԻ֮УѾ֪ëжôˡ
ҶǳΪëܺߣڿλܺߡ
£Ҷǳڶǰλ޸˵λνԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬǶѾ˼ǧˣʲô޲ܷ£˵ǵֻѾˣһֻˡһĳԹֺαشһݡ
ࣿһҲҽѵǣͷߵ
ս޽Լ಻ʮɽɱ⣡ʯͷɱضҶǳ
ѪҶǳ˵࣬ǻɱֻʱȰ㻹ǸϽ뿪Ҳܱסһ
ҶǳԸоֻѪɵתͷë˵ֻ㵱Ҳµ֡
£ֵʥҩүʥҩ궼ġëƲ
Ҷǳʱ˵ˡ


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ʥҩٰ˿񵤰ҶǳɲɵͳȥֻԶѪ˵Ǹˡ
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СӣˣëҶǳ˵漴һмؿֻޣƾҲɱүΰɣ
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ͷӴƱǸˣ˶󵹷ɳȥײһÿôˤʱ涼ҳһ޴ӡ
Ȼǰ񼶱ǿߣǺǲЩ

ʯͷ˶ʱͬʱҲͣסҶǳĽŲϾͷߵ³סˡ
䣡
ʯͷȻͣס˽ŲҶǳûֹͣ߶Ŵ񱮣ײʯͷˡ
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ֻ޵ɫǺѿǿҶǳеĴ񱮣вɵó˼ɵԷȻɱǣǻ㹻ˡ
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СӣòҪ£ʮɽҰĵطͷ˵Ŀ׺ݵصҶǳ
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ߣЩϲһڳ˯ӲдΪ𣿾õΣҪˣõҲûмʹãëм
޺಻һ޴Ƕγһ塣İΪԼĺӵܣΪԼļ塣޴Ƕߣ񼶵޶ҪˣﻹΪƴ
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бүĲһӵ󷨣Σաë˵ǰ·
ҶǳǺ档
Զֻɫ˱䣬ȴҶˡ
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ˣ˵ĲǶҪˣʲôްʥҩңҲ޷ӳˡѪ̾˿һתȥ
˵ĺеˣҲˣҲκβʯͷԴҲת뿪ˡ

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ʯͷҲ֪Լ޷ɹ١
ֻоͷëϾëɱΪ¼ҹһ
ë˵ĲҵȷԪˣ֮Ѿûټ˯ܹʮꡣ
ҺͬҾҪҲҪһµ
ٺ٣ɱˣܹɱġ

ͷЦ漴ʮɽĺĴȥ
һɽɽһֻͨƽɫſڵϣһɹɿµϢϵشɢȥ
ϲˣڽ׵ս𾳽磡ͷߵɽǰ
ʻȻĮضžͷߣü㾹Ȼˣϴѣ㲻Ը⣬ΪͻȻѡѣ
ΪҷҵĴˣͷҧгݵ˵
ʲᵽֻˣѾǧ𣿡
ˣػս𾳽磬ԭҿԻɱ߸һ࣬ʵǿôսĴ񱮣ͷ
ҶǳЦ֪˵˭ˣߵȷһͷˣֻû뵽ĳʵϴѣΪ˻ɱǣϧ˺ûᣬǸҲŵõ񱮵ġ
ͷûڣϧûкҩ趯βĴŵ棬۾ʣ˵צһȷģֻҪԸһɱͷëҾͽҵ͸㡣
˲һͷȻֻʥޣϾﵽ˰񼶱һսѾ˴񼶵ҩˣԿüΡ
£ʷĵãҷģһлᣬһɱͷˣΪ㱨𡣡


779 
ͩǰҶǳͽۿһθܵΰ
һֱһͨ쳹صĻ
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ˣϽѶóɣﲻܸܶоɭֵЩ˼ɵĶҶǳ漴˵
ëƲһȺϲѣģЩϼһﶼڹӲдѵġǼʶ͸Ӳ㣬ϾҪҲûá
ˣëϷͩĶˣֱӽԼϳˡ
ҶǳĿɿڴϳʲô
үԺҪȥ½ϳȻҲҪŵ½ȥϧͩû취ߣëȻ
߰ɣĥˣҶǳҡҡͷȥҲԣԺҪȥ½ˣϳȷҪߡ
һ󷨣ҶǳëٶȻصʮɽȻһ·У뿪Ƭ嫵ɽ֡

һºҶǳëִǣ¥ס档
ʦʲôʱ򵽣Ҷǳʵ뿪֮ǰ봫Ѷæ񵤡
Ͼʮɽ֮УõʥҩٿƳʮ񵤡
ʦˣֻؿҶǳ˵ĳ˳һŭΪգ׼磬Ѿս½ܶ˶˵ѩ÷һԡϧλλ׹ڿǺ÷ʦ˵Ҫ͹Թȥȥ
ԱߵëԲɵùЦ
Ҷǳ֮ɫ
˵кܾûˡ
Ҳġ
ҶǳЦǺãҾȥܲˣѩأļָ𣿡
Сӻ̤ëҶǳüŪۡ
ҲٺЦ֮Ҳδزɰ
˵Ҷǳһۣ˵ҲǴӦ˻չѩģҪ˵飬Ҳֻ֮顣
˼ҿɲô밡ЦѩļѾָˣʱ㲻ڣȥµ۹ĸȥˣ˵ǵʱ㣬Ǹˡ
Ҷǳüȥµ۹𣿲Σհɣ
СӣɵˣѩѾͷںôҲһս𣬶һսʵɲȵЩӲ٣ôܻΣաëЦҡͷ
Ҳͷ˵ĲѩڲߣֻҪ¶ݱ׼˷֣ͲΣա
ҶǳЩпǰѩѾսˣѾǵǸҪһ·ͱĽˡ
ˣ׼ʲôζˣӦòôưոݰɣҶǳ漴ʵ
˵ͷǲǰȥҶˣҶҲǰ׳գ츳ǿӵһǿ϶ͦġʵϣҶҵĻӦǳǿƣȫվߣ˵׼ҪսҶʱ㵽ס
ǺǣҶôǿƣ׼ҲͱˡϾҶӵóһս׼ֻһǼ׼磬ɲܴȥսǵвҶҵġ
˵Ȼ׼Ӧò¥̽Ϣ֪׼ңмϵսߵúڿ죬˵Ҫ齨ʲôսͬˣȴҶҺһЩҶҽõսų⣬ǰҪ齨һѹҶҡ
ҶǳЦᣬҲܹһЩսңҾͲҶҴϢҲһЩõսҺ;пܳΪսڣ϶вսԸվߵġ
˵û׼ܹ֮ôսңΪ׼ҵĸ߲ѰЩս񵤣Ŵսҡ
üƾ;ӵĺȷǹˣϾûʵʵĺôЧ϶Ȳ׼ҡϾ׼һЩ˵ս񵤡
ҶǳЦɵҲҲҲԸЩսңҿ԰񵤣Ҳѣҵ֮һĺôϾҶҲ׼ңҶǿеƣûҪѸЩս񵤡
ĻЧӦûһЩʱ۾һ漴ͷһᾡ㴫Ϣġ
һԵëЦˣԭΪսһսҪǿˣ˵һս
½˼٣ʱ򲻻ʲôͻġҶǳҡͷ


780 
СǱ߻ûж½ˣƻһʱŻή٣ҡͷ
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һҶǳͺëǰܲˡ
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ȻεֻҶǳķģҶǳҶܡңҶǳѾյҶǳҶǳӵдսѾλս½۷壬Щûİǿȫʸˡ

ܲ
ҶǳŰŴСԱ˸ʳ
ԵٻӰҶǳɵЦ
Ѿаˣһ涼ûм˵ʦչˣ컹˵ὲΡ
Ҷǳ֪֮ô˵Լ
ԣҶǳÿ춼ڰߣ˰֣һϦ
Ҷǳһ·ɵһʱ䣬ҪҪκΣգÿ춼Լϲ˴һʱĺһֱȥ׷ߵľ硣

һɽ
ҶǳͰһߵϼ
ϦϣȾһɫ
Ҷ磬ͷ˰ɣȻ˵
ʲôҶǳ΢΢ͷűϦֵİһĨޣʱİôƾƶ˵Ů
ȻǷʦûбչذһЦ΢΢ǣųЦݡ
ԭҶǳŰ㷢漴ݸЦ⻹Ҫʦò׺ʦĸžۣʦĸѾʧٶ꣬мꣿԣҸҿ϶ӣʦٱչأǻһֱʦĸߡ
أĿԹҶǳܣһʲôʱԸͣ
ҶǳĬˣ߼ȥ̫ҰĴ󣬲ҪĲǼۣǼ꣬ʮ꣬ꡭ
һ漴ϸһĨɬЦݣǰѾս𣬶һ̤ŽţһԳΪսԻһǧ̤꣬ս𾳽磬ܹǼˡȵ绪ïȴѾΪĹпݹǣûһֱߡ
˵ͷˣһεξӨ͸ˮ˳ŷҶǳϡ
Ҳ˼Ҷǳһ㶣æ׷ȥǰᣬһ˻صᡣ
ʧٻӰҶǳɵһЦ
Сӣ˵ҲδԣעԳΪս񣬶ȴСëҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ츳ǲһЩս½ȷ޷Ϊս񣬾ǳΪսҩȥܹȥ½ǾлΪսˡ
½²ôܹģҾȥ½ûдƾ츳ҲѳҪһ㣬Ҫ򡮵Ҫٵġ츳У½Ҳѳ񡣡ëҡͷ
ҶǳŵֻҪȥ½һ԰񡣡
ǺõģСϣԽʧԽ󡣡ë˵ͷˡ
ҶǳҪ뿪ͳˡ
ʦҶǳæȥ
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ҶǳЦ漴֮ǰ黺
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ҶǳĬˣվڰĽǶһ룬Ҳȷˡ
ҪĲ޷Ԥ֪δȷڡҶǳļ˵úÿһ°ɣѾûʲôΣգǸøһˡ
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ҶǳЦô˵ʵʤ۱磡
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ȵȴɮһǱߴϢɣҶԵ硣

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½ļɣԶʮ˽С죬δ˳
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ؿõëĵطռ䶼Ťˡ
һֻޣҲǰ
һûëֱһȭȥͰëѪɡ
ôܣ
ëһѪ𾪺š
󷽣Ҷǳͫһ½ˡ
ѾǰֻһսΪëǿ˶٣ʵȴôֻһܣԷ½
ңҲֻ½ˣŸɱҶҵĳϣӭ׶飬Ҷǳ
Ͼս½˭ô
ҶǳΪе׼ңҲô
½ëԻȻͬʱˡ
ᰲؿҶǳһۣЩȵ˵û뵽Ȼ֪½ĴڣüСϴιǴ˲Ϣ
Ҷǳԣʱ½ѾС콵ˣֻǲ֪ǱʲôϾ˵ֶΣ϶ʲôˡ
𣿡ᰴʱëҪߣʱЦһһץë
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޴գһƬѹضתͬĩ١
ĺǿǰ񼶱ԶëԿģڳҲû˿⡣
䣡
ҶǳȻؿëɱڷֶԷ½˺Ѿ߶񱮣գɱԷ
½ҲҪ
Ҷǳɫ䣬г˷ڵɱ⣬ԷɱҶһλϣǰǲݵĴöԷ뿪һӶ̧ͷˡ

᰿ҶǳгֵĴ񱮣ٶ¶֮ɫû뵽һȻһҲĳսҵĹƨӰɣҲãһӵӣǸо϶ˬ
ɱ
ҶǳѾðɣԣеɱǿˣȫ񱮴߶۷״̬

ЦһҶǳĴ񱮷ӡ
ʱ񱮾Ҷǳϵ
ʲô
Ҷǳһʱʧɫִ֮䣬УͱһɳȥѪ硣
ҶСӣСģë״ʱӶ˫ᣬһҵĽâնᰡ
һһѾץסë˫ᣬȻ˫һͽë˫˺ˣѪȾ˲񷡣
ëҽ
˫ᱻ˺ѣ̫ˡ
磡Ҷǳ۾ð񱮣ͳŸɱʩչǽȭȫҵĽޱҫۣͬϵգâɡ
᰸ܵһȭввɵøһĨ֮ɫ漴æëȫӭҶǳһȭ
¡¡
ȫײͬһδϮ£ǳңҲǳ𺳡
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Ҷǳ˫Ŀ죬ŭ졣
ǰ裬ëĲҿҶǳŭﵽ۷塣
ƣ
ȭ
ӡ

Ҷǳ׷ˣȫսԼ֮߶˼ޣǿȪһϵӿʹսԽԽǿ
䣡
ҶǳռϷ磬һȭиᰣɳȥѪ硣
ôܣͫһЩţλˡ
ս𣬶Էֻս𣬱ֻΣôǿϾԷֻС
ۣ
Ҷǳʤ׷ĸᰲϿѪˣԽԽҶǳĶˣΪҶǳԽԽǿ
Ҷǳ棬Ȼ˿ֲ
֮۷壡
ѪŵصҶǳһСȻȾ磬ôܣ
ɱҶǳֻзڵɱֻޱߵŭ
ɱɱɱҶǳԽսԽѪı飬ø᰿־ˣŵش㲻ɱңħĵӣ㵨ɱңӲħ׷ɱ
ҾħҶǳ˵һ̤ڸᰵؿڣһȭҵͷѪ
£ñүѩޣëŭһŲ˹һֻצ̽ᰵĿ£ݺݵغ
͵زҽɫҰףȻܵ˹


787 ɱ
ҪĵطУʵǿҲ۵ȥҽ
쵰Ҳ֪˶ٹӾԺ󻹸ҲˡëЦ˫ᱻ˺ѣԵúǱң˿̱ѩޣʱ泩
Ҷǳ˵ɱɣҴӣҲɱˡ
ңԿ־ˣϴɫصҶǳŭħĵӣħʮˣ֮иһսɱңҪСᡣ
ëüͷҶǳСӣҪѵһ٣ɣֽ׶ǲ½ˡ
ʶ࣡ԶʱмؿҶǳ÷ңȻԹԸǸҲһῼǷһ
ͣ
ᰵĻû˵꣬һɫؽѾ̴ĺĻҲ˵
ɴ۾ŵҶǳƺû뵽Ҷǳĸҳֻɱ
㲻˵鲻ɱ
ᰵ۾Ŀ
ۣ
ҶǳγɫؽսأŸᰵʬ壬ҲɱˣҲɱˡ
˵ָ꣬һһ̫˳ȥᰵʬյһɶ
ëɫصҶСӣȻʬˣѱħ˲֪Ͼ˶ӣҶҵ˻˵أңСߣδûħ֪´˶á
ǾͲˣҶǳ˵ϧ
ëԿЦҲҪҸûᰡսˣһֶηӡǸǵĶ֡
Ȼȥ˵СǱӦϢˣҶǳ˰֣漴ǳս
ë̾˿Ҳ˻ȥһЩҩʼָơ
ǳսУ˫ս֮ɫҶǳʱҶ磬ʲôˣ
С£㲻õģҶǳ޸漴۾˼
״ҲٴҶǳ
Ҷҵӭ׶Ҷȥ
֮ǱִҶңһֵĻʱС
ҶѾѻ׼ˣһжɵؽţҶҰ˺ܶϯصĸսˣս½󹫻Ҳ˵
Ȱ֮ҶǳЯְһؾơ
üһҶǳʱЦλüӰɣٱü
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Աߵһλ̵İйâһҶǳĿЩȵ˵Ҷӣǲ½Ľ֮һ츳ֻҪǲ̣϶ǰ;
üҲ˵ǰҶӣͼǲ̰ɡ
Ϳʼˡ
Ҷǳ־Žĳţֵ£
ǺǣλлǵͣҴϲӣȲ̸Щȹʱ˵Ҫȥ½϶ѡǲ̵ġҶǳ˰˵
漴תһӣơ
Ͼϯ̫ˣÿ㣬Ȼʲôʱܶ
üͰԶ⣬ϾҶǳѾ˵ˣѡǲ̣ǶԼĽɺš
ٺ٣üӣҽҶǳĺøǣ֪ܼܲǲ̡ʱԱߵӴչ˵
üһΪ漴ü½ͽֻ߽ϵţ̤߽ôͿ԰ǲ̡
߽򣡡ԣʱɫһ߽࣬ţսҵˣսҵжǺܶ࣬˵һս½ͨˡ
Ŭô꣬Ҳǰ̤Ľ򣬾߽кһء
ιǲ𣿡ëԱ񣬸еܸˣҲ˹ѯʵ
ʵǿüëйâһ漴˵Ȼǲ̲ˣԸǲ̵ĵǩԼΪԼޣǾûˡ
ë۾һٶʵҺҶǳСǩԼҲӦÿ԰ɣ
üЦŵͷֻҪҶԸǲ̣Ǿǲ̵ĵӣǩԼǲ̵ĵǩԼȻԡ
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£ĲŰͷ˶һֻˡһĽʺ޵̾
˵꣬תͷüüӣʵǰҲһͷޣҲԺҶǳǩԼ𣿡
ü
ë


788 
֮ҶǳͺͰһ𶴷ȥˣԴ˽Ĵ
ڶһ磬Ҷǳˣ˿Լؿڵİɵ΢΢һЦ漴ŵش·뿪ӡ
ʵˣ뵽ľһߺ죬ֱҶǳֻװż˯

ʥǣ´
ҶǳҶҵһڸ߲㣬ۼ̸½ǿ߽ٵ顣
Ҷ޵Цǹĵˣ½ν٣ֻΪһȥ½ս½ҲкôϾЩȥ½пܻΪս񣬽Ҳܹս½һЩô
ҶҲͷ˵һҪЩȥ½Ҳ½ҶңҲҶҲΪ½һ塣
Ҫˣ
þҲȥ
һԵҶұҪסС

Ҷҵĸ߲㶼ͬ¡
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Ҷ޵֮󣬶ʱŵվһ𾪵صҶǳɱһ½ߣ
ţҶǳ˵ͷܹҶ޵ķӦϾǴ˳ȥԻ䶯ġ
ͿҶ޵õҶǳȷ֮󣬶ʱһ֮ɫ㴳˴ˣҶҴѡ
ҶǳԵ˵һһ˵һḺ𵽵ףҾü֪ħˣ˵ɱˣǿұ𡣡
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Ҳܼ򵥣㽫ҶҾˡҶǳ˵ˣҶ޵ڹҲܹ⡣
Ҷ޵Цȱ𼱣ҪҶۣҶҵһЩ߲¡
ˣ֪ͨңôҶǣǾܷġҶǳ˵꣬תȥˡ
Ҷ޵̾˿Ρ
Ǹ˵ӣȴ飬鲻ˬ

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׼ھɷ˲Ρ塷ӦÿԽҵĲ֮Բ硣
ҶǳΪϣÿ綼½Σ̤ʮǼҲÿΡԣΪϣǺǳԿġǣҵԶǿټҳԽŽǿ츳ͬ磬Ҳаջǡ
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ʱûȥ½ҶǳҡͷҪ̤߽Ųʸǰ½㲻ҪҲܶǰ½
ëһ㶣ȷôҲΨһǰ½ĻᣬȷҪ
ʹΣԺҲлǰ½Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵ֻһұ󡣡
СӡëЦô죿С츳ܳΪսǿûս֮λȵ֮ǿɶҪˣûȥ½
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦҸѩ˵ˣ츳ﵽҪ󣬿Լ벹̡Ҷе㵣ģϾǰһֱ׼ңû洳½ִ󻷾УԣϣǩԼһǰ½
ëĬƬ̣漴˵С츳ССأҲﵽǰ½ʸ׼ǽ˭
ҶǳСɸɣ¥ص£Ҳﵽ߽ʸǰ½С壬ҲѩǩԼСûлָ䣬Ҳá
ѾƻˣëҶǳֻ̾һǾҪֱ𼸰꣬ǧˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦֻҪǶΪսȻ֮ʱ
ߣս½ΪսҲᱻǸԽġëߵ
Ҷǳŵǿδأü˵ˣһս֮󣬸ֵҩĵرûôˣĻԣԽǿԽ죬Ҽս½ҲδػΪ
ǾĿԴɣëһ鲻̫ãϾҪҶǳ뼸ǧ꣬Щá
Ҷǳֺγˣתƻ⣬ʼëһַ˲𣬶ʼɷ˲塷


789 Ҹ
硣
šáħʮǿߣֱɱ˽ȥһ·˿赲ǡ
أ
ŭȵ
ѾȲҪѩˡ
ǵ˭Ҵǻֱ֪һҳϴԶû˵꣬ͱһõǿ߸ɱˡ

һŭӻ
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Ƶ޿ƥС
˼ʱӡ˻ҵ
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λ߶ĻҰ񣬶ŴͣĿɿڴ֮ɫ
Ȼôױӡˣʵ̫ˡ
ǵ˭ΪδһңҼסˣһڻҸַȵ
ӻҲУ⣬ЩԼģԼʲôʱЩˣ
ʱԴҲõԼᱻҶǳˡ
һȺûʸ֪ǵûٳǶҪɣȵ
ߵǷϻôʲôֱ˻ҾˣǻҪȥյӣûʱ˷ѡ
ҼüͷֱЩ˵ǺηʥҲ̫ˣֱ˵һսңҶҲûʵ
ǣԷȻԷӡǵûҼܳء
Ҿǻ٣ҲʶǣǲϴˡҲ֪ԣվ˳ȵ
ǻ٣ʱס˻٣ЦҵˣߣɱõĵӣҪ֮أ
ԾŭʲôʱɱõĵӣУʲôɣΪҴû˵
½ˣҼȵʱˣֻ½˲ӡǵʵôǿ
ʲô½ɫһ䡣
֪½˻ήս½û뵽ھͽˣһֱӴǻ磬ֱĪ
ٻٽͣáźħѾúǷϻˣҵ˻֮󣬾ɱ˹
½սʵձﵽ񼶱еȰҪǿһЩʮλ񣬶ϻߵļλǼֱǴݿ࣬ûһֵ֮
ҸƴˣŭҵļλɱҼɱˣʱ֪ǻˣҲˣԱ̫𣬳ࡣ
࿴չֳ̫𣬶ʱЦû̫ıòͣҲı䲻̫𡣡
һõսʱɱ١
Ĳҽţλõսһ䴩ࡣ
ǰ뵽ҶǳΪҶǳҲ̫ʱˣԼҶǳˡ
ϧѾ˵Щͱõ˸ɱˡ
Ŀ
ĿĻкܶˡ
áźħ˶ǳᣬûһڣȫɱˣȮ
ѪȾ硣
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ϧǵ鲻ϿǣҲ޷ʹħһλսץŻҵüͷ˵
õһλսߵȥսֱĨͿʹˣֻһλƳҲûж
ٺ٣ûнս֮ǰãħսЦ
߰ɣȥյˣСţǸˡŵһս˵գ뿪ˡ
úħҲ漴뿪
ֻһƬʬ壬ͱѪȾ˻硣

Ҷҡ
һ֮УҶǳ˲У漴Щ˲һһεرڣΪһ塣
䣡
һ̣ҶǳϱһǿϢڲ
Աߵëʱ۾һɣ˫Ŀ֮⣬ϸҶǳ
Ƭ̺ëϲɫսҶСӣɹˡ
ͬʱҶǳҲ˫Ŀ˸ЦֲǵһˣɹǺģʵ㲻ҲܹȺ½սһսˡ
СӵҲ𣿡ëʵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵Ѿﵽ˲֮ԲˣһǽѪ硣
ëüͷһ˷ܵﵽѪ磬ʵܱȼսˡ
ҶǳȵѪô𣿡
ϻëһۣﵽѪ磬һѪһϸ㶼νĲ𡣽ʱսҲɱ㡣ңѪвս񡣲սˡһ㲻ԿģѪʵս±סˡ


790 
֪ѪôҶǳɵԽڴǲ֮Բ磬ѪҲֻ벽֮ңѡ
ˣҶǳҲ֪ԼҪѪѣ벽ô׿Խġ
ҲżϾ½ս޷Խ󷨽ʱҪս񼶱ǿߣʵ㹻Ӧһжˡ
ˣҶСӣҶ޵Ǽһ㣬ƺͦżģغȥȻë˵
ҶǳһѾǺˣҲգʰһ¶ǿҪ뿪Ҷˡ
ë𾪵ɣΪҶһȥҪ֪ʵԴҶվ۷塣
ҶǳҡͷҶѾվս½۷壬ǲҪңҵĴڣǴѣǿ϶ΪҶħˡ
үҶҵ˻ô޴Ÿϳȥë˵δ䶯ս½ҶʱϳȥԴ档
˵ҪҶǳ˵漴뿪ǰҶ޵ڵŸ
ʱŸ治Ҷ޵Ҷۣλڴ˵ء
ǳҶǳҶ޵죬ȴ֪˵ʲôоһѾ֮ɫ
һԵҶۿҶǳҶǳѾҶҵ̫ϳǿˣһͬҶң֮Ϊ֮ɡ㲻Ҷҵʾˡ
ҶǳɫĮ˵֪ˣӽԺҶǳҶκιϵ
ߣҶһȥ
Ҷ޵ҶǳЦǳǲǾ̫ˣ
ǿ϶ǵĴ㣬Ҷǲûκκ⣬Ͼұ׼׷ɱǰҵסǣλҲǰ׼ġҶǳҡҡͷ
Ҷ޵̾ʵǾһǳһļλ񶼲ͬ⽫Ҷңǲǰһ飬Ǹıע⡣
˵ҶǳɻĿУҶ޵һǸոսӵϢұˣֵıáźħɣʮ˶ѣһ֮һսңɱ򣬼Ȯ
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ңЩҲ̫ˣֱһսңһûзŹ̫Եˡ
ΪʲôҪ˰ɣҶ޵̾ӡҵסǣҶҲסǡ
¾ǽ壬ҲδػŹǣЩ˵Ը̫Եˣֱ˼塣Ҷǳ˵
Ҷ޵һ漴̾ˣҲ⣬ǲ㡣
İɣһüӴкģǲ̳档⣬ҲþӼ벹̣ϵͲõħˡҶǳ˵ˡ
ҲǻҶҵĶ飬ӴҶκιϵ
Ҷ޵һɬؿҶǳȥͻȻֵҼɢսϼĸоҲĳһ죬ҶǳҲΪսҶҺ֡

һ֮С
ʲôҶҾȻҪȥ£Ⱥ쵰ǲ̫޴ˡëҶǳĻ֮󣬶ʱ㵡
Ҷǳ˰ֵҶˣҲˣ߰ɣʰھ뿪ɣҲҪҶҵıӻˡ
ߣ߾ߣǺȥëһʱ˵ء
ҶǳϰҲ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱҶ޵;ˡ
ҶǳǴк֮󣬱ë뿪ˡ
ǲˣҶ޵ĿҶǳһԶȥɵתͷԱߵľӡ
̾ûеΪսҲҶô
Ҳ㶯ǰСɣûв̳棬ħǲŹҶҵġҶ޵
ţӵ˵ͷ

С졣
ǰֻпɮһɮˣǳ壬̫ˣǸսҵˣ󹫻ţһЩɢš
һʱ½߽ٵϢѾս½ͽϢ˾ϲ֡
ǣΪԼﵽҪģСˡ
ȻһЩ˴ֵġ
ɮһ̡һšħšɣԽһ´ǿڴյӡ
ʱ´ŶӣҲ٣ҲŮһ˷ܺͼҪǰ½
Ͼǵ츳ս½ҲͳΪΪĻᶼС
ȥ½ǾпܻΪսǿԵ


791 ս
ʵϣ֮԰Ҫڡ߽ϣΪ̤߽ţ½аٷ֮ٵļʽս
ΪˣǲŻķѾ޴ۣЩ˴Сӵ½ȥ
ĻǲŲķôۣ˷ô
˻Ƕడ
ս½ſ¶ˡ
ǰ½лΪս˭ɵ÷Ļ᣿

ҶǳıòȻë롢ѩС졣
ƸǴ·˲̵İ´
ԽԽˣΪɵ˵ˣֻս½ʱ䣬֮ͻ뿪˵
ô찡ëһ㶣漴תͷҶǳ˵Ҫü£ܲͨ£ðҲһǰ½
ѩҲҶǳֿҲͷ˵ǰҶ磬츳ôߣ̿϶룬˵Ը㿪ء
죬ԵúܳĬ֪ԼҶǳ
Ҷǳ֣ѩëЦüӣϾ츳ܲ˵ء
԰츳ǽ㡣ëʱЦˡ
漴һǰ̵İ´ҵü˵⡣
ü֮󣬲ɵüͷ漴ҶǳһǸ˵Ҷӣ֪ģֻսʼΪǲֻ̣һײŵӣŻŵӡ洫ӡ״ӡʥӡӵȵȣҸûʸ㿪š
ҶǳǶʱɵˣû뵽ü츳ʵڲ̣Ȼֻһײĵӣô̸жôǿ
üӣ㲻ͨһҪ֪Ҷֿ̤ŽţڱȾŽҪپӾͲĶ֣ţӦûһЩŴɣëæ˵
ü̾ʵǰɣ̤Žţ½еǡңǿ»֪½߽;ŽûʲôΪһΪս񣬶ӵ壬߽Ϊս񣬻ǾŽΪսǵʵҲ˵ǳΪս֮󣬸޷Խս
ôܣëԾˡ
Ҳˡ
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ü˵ͷ˵Ĳ²ȷһЩ˿ԽǲšЩ˶ʣʲô塢ʥ塢塢ǳȵȣЩӵʵţΪսҲԽսȻԽ࣬Ҳ˲ã½Ŀš
˰죬ԭǳΪս֮Ҳֻһͨս񡣡ëʱһй
üЦŶë˵Ҷ˵˸ߵȰƣΪһΪս񣬾ͻλȻȲЩӵʵţͬ統ҲǿһУͨս񡣡
ŶëԾϲλǶս񾳽ôֵģ
ҶǳҲؿü
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ȷԼս󣬻Ϊһεս񣿡ëʱʵ
壡ü˵һԣǿİ壬ֻǳȰ壬ôս֮󣬾λˡеȰӦλ˸ߵȰǾͻΪλ񡣡
ٺ٣ԭˣСӣӵȳΪս֮ҾͻᳬԽˡëʱһؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦֻеȰԪҪǳΪսֻ֮һͨսҲͬ硣
ԼĵģΪдԪնֻҪԪնԲ磬еȰ弫پͻΪߵȰԪʱҲΪλˡ
⣬ҶǳڼһΪӣҲʵǿһЩԽλҲпܣ˵ܹЩӵʵ档
䣡
ȻڲԶħ´һǿϢֱ񷡣
һλħս˭ɱħĵӣ飬һҪɱħĵӣȫᡣ
Ҷǳëһۣɫһ
סˡ


ʮһ ս


792 
ȻħѾֶ֪ͨ˸ᰵѶֻĿǰ֪˭ɱģⲢѲ飬Ͼܹɱᰵ˲࣬ҸĵصҶ總
Ҷǳëһۣ漴תͷü˵üӣˡ
˵꣬ʹŰëǴҴȥ
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ɵѾͷҶǳеˮŰ㷢Ц˵ҴӦҪһǾ;ڣ
ǡ
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лħһԻ󣺡лʲô֪ɱħĵӣ鷳ˡ
ȻǸл˻ҰڻһƬһ޴磬ѧԺңŨ񣬱ս½ǿˡ
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ѧԺԺҲḲˣһΪս½ǿѧԺδ㽡
ٺ٣ߣھȥ翴ҶǳЦЦ漴Сתǰ硣

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ȻΪѪѾȾ˴ء
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ºȻһ£֮ǰִ̱ǵѪϢˡ


793 
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ϴһ֮Ҷǳʼʩչժ֣ǳһһ޸͸졣
еǳأһǳرҶǳΪѧԺ߲סĵطǳأΪԺԺ
ԺҪ󷨵ȵЩѧԺרǿߵĵط
ԺԺָߵֻͣԲͬߵˡ
һ֮ҶǳðŻȻһµĻ磬˶ǳġ
ԺǵļˣҸС
ǰԺǵļңҶǳ΢΢һЦ

ҶǳؽѧԺʱ½Ѿʼ׼뿪ս½ˣϾʱѾȥˣΪĳԭ򣬲ս½
ëѩ롢áӡЩս½ţһ½뿪ս½
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ΪǶһ𣬱һˡ
ףҲߣءһ˱סԼףԸȥ
ˣ޿䣬ʲô˵ĸһ߿Լĺӣ۾ͨغȵȥ½㻹ܳΪս㻹ʲôϢ
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ĳкܶࡣ
뿪ˣս½ˣõԼˡȥ
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һʦʱһʦض˵ս½ܹɱ½սˣҲΨҶǳһˣȥ֪ͨ
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ͨ¥ҶǳܿյһʦѶϢ
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İɣֻսѣܹӦҶǳһŵ˵
ҶǳΣԱ㲻ٵˣǼд̲ġ
ؽѧԺ֮ҪѧԱȻҪǰ׼Ͼһεʦ

һߣħսո뿪С죬㱻һ˸סˡ
˭ҵסǵ·𣿡һħսȵ
΢΢һЦηǰħս˵һʽס
ƾ㣿һλħսЦһֱӳֹǰˣǿһɣԶ
䣡
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ĸսħս״ʱɫһ䣬оŵĹâ
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˵ʲôףһħսߵǰչֳʵѾõǵϿɡ
ԣ΢΢һĨЦݣ˵֪ս½ΪѰɱħӵ֣ң԰ҵǸ֡
˵ʲôһħսоէ䣬ǰˣ˭
ף
˵ЦҪƽĽס
õʲôһħսؿǰˣǰ˵ʵЩϣͳˡ
ҽһ£ҽս˵Լ֣˵ҵʵҲˣȫʸǰ½ħҲСֻҪǴӦ뿪ս½ұֵ֪Ϣ
ħսȻһЦʵǰȫֱȥСħΪҪһ٣
սЦΪɱħǸӣҲҵһˣҪɱɱ֮ǰҲ뿪ս½
Ǹ˭ħսߵҪǴӦˡ
սɭЦҶǳһ̤Žĳţ˵սս½ǿš


794 
ҶǳŽĳţħսԶʱһ
ŽţħҲҪעԳΪսпܳΪλ
ôỹս½Ϊʲôȥ½һħսɻ
ս˵ǰòŴ飬ʲﲻǰ½ҪԣžӶȹ
һ˰һħսЦ
һħսս˵ôȷҶǳɱ˸ᰣҶǳгҲҪȥԸҶǳء
սЦ᰾ǸȥħӰɣĵطҲ˵ˣ;Ҷ粻ԶҶǳӣմܲӭ׻пᰡ
ӭסһħս۾һæ˵ˣǰʱ򣬸ᰰ;뿪Ƿһӭ׶飬Ըֲǲ֪Ȥ
ô˵ͿȷҶǳˣһħսɭߣȥҶңҶҲ
ðɣҶҵľ̤ŽţѾ˲̣Ҷңⲻڴ̵𣿡һħսɵ
սʱ˵λҵõϢҶѾҶǳˣӦҶҲ֪Ҷǳɱ˸ᰣ뱻ۣǼȥҶңҲҵҶǳġ
Ҷʶ࣬Ȼˣôڲ̵ϣͷҶһħսһ漴սʵô֪Ҷǳ𣿡
ս΢΢һЦҵȻ֪ʵս½˶֪ΪǰҶǳռ˻磬׼￪һѧԺӴ˶ڣܶ˶׼ȥ磬ҶǳѧԺϾս½ĺܴ󡣡
磡ħսԾ㵣ôҲû뵽־Ȼڻ硣
սЦ˻ңһյ磬óȫҶǳ
ߣǾٴγȫûΪĹءħսһ漴ֱǰ硣
սҲȥЦҶǳ֮ĳҲøһ䣬ɱ֮Ҿǰ½Ҫͳ½Ϊ½һ޶ʡ
Ұĺܴ
ǰĿͳս½
ڣȻȥ½ͻһӺΰĿꡣ

磬ѧԺ
ڣѾҶǳһ޴ʯѧԺĸ֡
ʱѾ½عԭѧԺʦһЩѧԺѧˡ
ԭյ磬ʱѾˡ
޸աۡһ֡չԪ١ɽȵȣЩ˶ѧԺʦ׼ˡ
ֵһǣǰ֡ЩǰѧԺţҲ֮У׼ѧԺ
ǰѧԺҲˣ̤ȻѾǿˣȴûʸǰ½ֻѧԺһʦ
µѧԺѾԡһƬǳ֡
ҶǳҪæʲô鶼ȥˣں󷽣дһЩصĸսҴһЩѡ
·Ҳˡ
ʦļλʦѧԺʦ֪ͬûУҶǳѯʵ
ȻҪѧԺԺǵȻҪһЩʦƾһ˿ɲУϾѧԱǶ࣬Ҫ
ԣҶǳҵ˷Ϊеʦ
Ǻǣͬˣһõ뷨ЦŶҶǳ˵ĸ߲ˣȫѧԺΪѧԺһԱ

Ҷǳԣʱסˡ
жôӴǿǱ鲼ս½ĳЩսҲǿһЩ
ΨһƾûԲʹ޷Щսҿ⡣
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ŸոմãҶǳ֮⣬˸ֵһᣬһսûС
Ҷǳ֮⣬һսǾСѧԺܺա
ʵᣬᣬҲͨң㴫ϢϣȫѧԺٴ׳һ˵Ϣ
ҶǳŴͣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôʵ̫ˡ
ҪѧԺ
ҪǴ˳ȥս½ڵġ
ΪΪʲôҶǳһ£漴⡣
󳬼Ե޹ʼѧԺʵ˵š
ɵͽ㻹𣿡ЦھӺ޸Ů뿪ս½Щ˽߽Ҳˣս½˭ʸս֮λᶼɵӣѡδսǺġ


795 ǿ
˷ĻҶǳǰǱˣǰͶʡ
Ȳѩ̿˵󹫻𿴷ޣʵһֱܵսҵĽƣϾû޷ԿսҡȴδܹΪսѡѧԺҲܹˡ
ҶǳЦǾͲ±ѧԺ̵𣿡
ЦѧԺ㻹ʲô֣Ժ뿪ս½ѧԺĴȨ󹫻˵µƿأǵĿġ
ҶǳԼͽܣԷˣȴҲϸҶǳ
ǺǣǴú⣬עҪʧˡҶǳҡҡͷߵǧʱ䣬ѵܰѧԺ׳󹫻ȻҵѧԺǾͲܷΪ
аվͺãЦЦѾںЩȨˣϾֻܽʱ⡣
ˣʦ֮ǰѾһЩս̸ˣ񵤣ÿʥҩ񵤣ʱѧԺɣʱҪæҶǳ˵
۾һЦһ¯Ƴ񵤣ţҲʣţʽ׻㡣
Ǻǣһ񵤣Ҳս㹻׳ѧԺˡҶǳЦ㣬սҵԴѧԺѧԱΪ
ںˣ룬ôѧԺѧԱǾҲȱԴˡ
䣡
Ȼһҡβ
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ʲôˣüͷ
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ʱѧԺҲв˸ȥڡ
Ҷǳõ󷨣ڣЩ󷨶Ѿ˱ıԵ
ȵҶǳϵڵʱе󷨶ѾˣǿӰ漴磬һɹǿϢ磬˶еļ¶
Űʵ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬漴һѧԺʦǸϽ˺뿪
٣Ҳܵд֮СĽ
˭Ҷǳ뿪֮󣬶ʱˣȵ
ǺǣҶǳҿʶˣӦϲңҵֽս
սҶǳ¶һĨЦ漴תͷλħս˵Ҷǳ
սҶǳüͷһ壬һǰսܵһϤϢ
ˣϢҶǳȻһѾ³ǰ˭ˡ
ʣСһͷצ
ѹ˵Ϣôǿ
ҶǳսȻң׼ˡ
ǺǣµġսЦһ漴ָԱߵλħսЦҶǳһ£λħսնɱᰵϢѾסˡ
ҶǳɫĮ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô˭Ҷʶɱ
Ҷǳ㲻ýƱˣս½û˿ɱᰡսЦ
һħս˵֣ɱŹ
ħսǳԵҶǳɱᰣҲˣֱӳҶǳΧɱ
ҶǳɣսҲɱ˹ȻŹĺûᣬֻҪɱҶǳͿ԰뿪ս½ǰ½ˡ
䣡
ս䣬һ˫ȭͷ̫һâɣƥȭϯ磬һƬս
ұ㻹̫Զˣߣ
ҶǳЦһ˲䱬һգ˲ͳսǰʩչȭĿĽⱬâսҫۡ
ʲôսһƺû뵽ҶǳٶȾȻô졣
Ҷǳ˰弫٣ٶȹھ£ս½Ҳһܹٶ泬Խˡ
ߣٶȱҿΣǿӮսܿͷӦˣԼţʵϣצһ壬ûκ壬˵ˡ
䣡
սȫһȭݺݵػҶǳ
أ
Ҷǳӭϣ˵ȭͷݺݵײһźǻײҵĹâʱϯȥ̵Զ˶۾
漴һɹɿֲΪӳȥնŤ
˾Ȼôǿ
ħսԾ֮ɫǺ˶Сˣÿ綼ǣҪ½ʵǱǿ˲֪ٱ


796 չ
ÿٸΣǾȻôҲ̫˰ɣ
ǰ̤ŽţҲǿɡ
ԣǿǵΪǿ˶٣Ȱǿһ㡣ǵǶ˲֮һǲ֮ڣһȲ֮ڻҪǿ
ѹ֣½ȻΪռƣȴСһû뵽Ҳôѹܹӵǿʵ

ħսһʱҶǳսǿԭǺܾȡ
ʱҶǳսڷֳʤˡ
˵ףҶǳǿһЩǿ˲ֹһ㡣
ΪҶǳǰս𣬶սֻս츳ս̤˾Ž򣬵ҶǳѾԽ˾Ž
ƽ֮Ŵ򿪣Ҷǳ츳ѾԽ˾Ž򣬴ﵽһµĲΡ
ëԣӦǡ쾳
Ҷǳͬ磬޵еġ
ټƣǾ͸޵ˡ
Ҳûħսԭ
أ
һ졣
սҶǳõɳȥѪ硣
ɫ԰ףҶǳţ֮Բһ࣬Ȼôǿôܣ
ҶǳЦǡ塷ǿ幦ȻĻɲ֮ôӵбצҪǿ
СĥڼȻСѾȥ½ôҲûˣڴ˵ذɡ
ҶǳâɣʩչӡԦŽȭһźǳ
飡
ս֮ҲɱǱҶǳѹסˣڲҶǳĽ棬˱ıԵ
ңһҶǳԲʵƽ֮򿪣ֲĴӿء
ͬʱҶǳչֳһƬ嫵ǿͼ
ҶǳЯǿյǿƣ˾Ǻӵ飬ֲѹս
ʲô
ǿա󣡡
ڹսħսʱɫ䣬г֮ɫ
½ֻЩӵʵ޵ţŻӵ
һ֣ɱ
ţϧܼħ
Ǳ̫ǿˣȻѾΪˣǾͽɱڴˣضΪħĺ󻼡

ħսഫ漴һΧɱҶǳ
Ҷǳǿ츳Ǹе־ˡ
Ҳû½ĸ̬߰޳ܵսΧɱҶǳ
úã
ҶǳħսɱЦһû˿η֮ɫһţתر죬֮ͨ
Ҫ֪ǻ磬̺ʱȫҶǳˡ
һ˲䣬Ҷǳڵ޾˫ȭӶϵʩչӡȭƣժ֣һսϵش
¡¡
Ҷǳ˿̾һڣϵڿһ˶սħսȥˣռϷ硣
һò𣿡
һħս֮ɫҪ֪ʩչսǵķǳ󣬱ϾǲսÿһʩչսҪĺܴ
ڣҶǳϵʩչսֱսûʲôڵ޾
ĴսĹԽĵսȵվս½飬ʱҲս½Щ˽ˣǶҶǳ˽֪ܶ࣬Ҷǳõ˴սĴС
ս񣿡ħս⣬ǿɲʶʲôս񣬲ҲûҪŪʲôսֻҪ֪Ҷǳܹͨµˡ
ȥݻЩĻᡣһħսʱս׼ȥݻЩ
ߣҶǳȻǴݻЩϾЩԺѧԺõģǱݻˣѧԺʧˡ
£ҶǳһҧſԼأսħսȫ˽ȥ
ȻҰȫأһǻأˡһħսЦ
ҲҪʵУҶǳһ漴ų̫𡢺ڤħͷ˲
һʱأҶǳжջˣ涼սˡ
ҶǳĶЩۣҪ֪вٺöһȫݻˡ
Ϊ˻ɱħսսҪ
ͷֱǹŴ򹷣ǹչ
սħս𣬶ʱɫ䣬˻ҡ


797 ط
ʲô
ôô𣿡
һ˾ȻӵôܣսҲ޷һշô𣡡

ħļս
Ҷǳͷų𣬽ǳ׾ˡ
һԵսҲɴ۾ţս½Ҳ˲ʱˣֻҶǳӵ̫ͺ𣬵û뵽ҶǳȻӵ
𰡣ӵһ𣬶ܹΪţ԰ͬףȼӡ
ѩ˵ûʲô츳˺֮󣬾̤߽򣬿ɼİжô޴
½ʷϣҲû˶ӵ𰡣
ħս𺳡
ڲ𾪵ʱ򣬿취סЩ𣬲Ȼǽˣս
ѾżˣΪ̫ǿˣֻս壬սֲ޵ģܻкľʱʱڡ
ңҶǳأܷĿռ䣬ôսħս޷Щ
ʱһȥҶǳŷڵֱһ¯տսħս
סôֻӲšһħսŭ
Ҳһѿ֮ɫ
ֻܶͷųս𣬵ȴڲϵǵսʹǵսԽԽԽԽ
ɱս۾һݣҶǳɱȥҲԼǲҶǳĶ֣ҪƴˣʱţսĴˣ͸ӲҶǳĶˡ
ԣǻɱħսҲӦ׷׳Ҷǳ׼ƴˡ
Ǵ˿ѾǱˮһսɱҶǳҶǳɱǡ
Ǻǣ
ҶǳɱЦһЦ˶Ϊһ磬֮жţԼٶƣʹö޷γΧ
ͬʱҶǳϵʩչժԶ̹ˣ鷳
һʱ䣬˺ȫ׷Ҷǳи׷ҶǳҲᱻҶǳǿƻˡ
Ҫ֪ԵҶǳͱЩǿ࣬Щڲϵ͸ӲҶǳĶˡ
Ƕ½ˣѵûʲôҩڶʱʵ𣿡
սù£ɵøżˣħսȵҿȷظ㣬ټȥıˣǲҪΪ顣ʱǱҪƴˣ
ħսԱ˴˿˿漴һҧóһŵҩ£һսһŵҩ
ʲôҩսҩüʵ
һħս˵ʱڿԽǵΪʮս۷壬Сˣ԰ս۷塣
ʲôãսҴ⣬æʵ
ΪСΣһħսҧ˵Щ󣬵ܱȱҶǳɱҪá
սҲܹϣһҧȥ
ЩǷڼ̵ʱڣȵҶǳʱսħսѾ˵ҩһΪ࣬ﵽսļޡ
ɱ
ٶɱһǰǽͲͬˡ
ҶǳȻٶȺܿ죬ս˷Χĸ򣬺ʹҶǳ۴ӣҪֱһˡ
ǰҶǳ壬Ϊһˣȫһܽɳȥ
ڣս˵ʵҶǳ֮ˣʹҶǳ۴ĸӣᱻһ˸סˡ
һ˾ͻΧɱ
Ҷǳοӣ
Ҷǳˣ

ħսǹЦǳΧҶǳ
ɱսȵ⼸ħսǳ׳գʱˣ˷ʱ䡣
Ҫ֪ҩʵƵģҸ̫ˣһҩЧˣǾֻܵˡ
ʱ򣬻˷ʲôʱ䣿ֱ˦ӿɱˡ
ۣҶǳѪˣɫ԰ס
һжһУһͺǿˣûмֶãܵ˼ش
Ѫģըѣǳҡ
ȻΧҲܣˣֻûôذˡ
ɱ
ս·ѾҶǳˣʤ׷ɱҶǳ
ħսҲɱ׼Ҷǳһ
ر죡
ΣչͷҶǳԺһһͷʱԶתر죬һֱת˵߲㡣
ͻʲôĤת˵ڰ˲㡣
޾Ĵ֮˷۶Ҷǳ۳һɫϣסսħսıɱһ


798 ݿ
ر졷ﵽ߲㣬ҶǳѾԹ֮ͨˣο˵ڰ˲㣬ѾܽӽĴսˡ
ԣ֮УҶǳԵĵӵ棬ֱӵԲ֮ڵĴ֮
ôγɴطֱޱȣơ
䣡
սħսǳǿÿ˵ʵѾԽս½İ񣬵޷ҶǳĴط
ҶǳֻǱǺ˺Զľ룬ȴŴط˫ȭӶһƬ貵Ľɫԣͽһħսɡ
Ѫ磬ء
ҶǳˣǳǿƣλռϷˣϾӵ޵еķڲ֮ء
ãͻˣ
һħսг˲š
׳գսа⻹˵𣿿ҶǳĴط˭֪ͻˡ
ս֮еͻƣǷǳѣҲõҶǳȴˡ
֮дֲҲд
ҶǳңԴ̤ս𾳽磬õ֮Ѿվս½۷壬ܵвʵҲˣֻܹؾصغķʱۻ
Ǹղһ˲Σȴһ֮ܵĴġر졷ͻơ
ˣƻмʮ꣬ڰ˲㡶ر졷
ӡ
Ҷǳչּ٣תر졷˫ֻޱߵĴ֮γһ޴ӡޱߣư磬һħսɱ
ҡħսܵвûҶǳΣͻƵ츳ֱӾͱһӡɱˡ
˷ԲĴ֮ټҶǳǼֱֲ˰ļޡ
⡭ⲻܣ
ʣµĸħսͫ塣
ĿԼͬ䣬ǳ̫ˡ
ǿ½ǿ߰ȻһС£ʵ̫ˡ
ء
սƴˣݣֱչֳצĿֲҶǳɱ
Ϊǳ첻Ҷǳ
צ
ĸħսٶˣȻû뵽սȻһͷצ
ĸ׳գٲƴǾˣսĸħսŭ
˵ĲǱƴˣһħսɱҶǳȫҪܾˡ
ħսҲˡ
Ҷǳǿ󣬳ǵ󣬱Ƶǲò
вὫ˱Ƶޡ
ѣ
Ҷǳһм֮ɫһץסսľβݺݵ˦ȥصڵϣҵս
أ
һ̣ҶǳٶȻӶսӴĸħսҲҷɳȥ
ȫս
𣡡սֱˣŭţſѪڣ㳯Ҷǳҧȥ
ȭ
ҶǳӶɫȭͷֱӽսļݸҶϣԴ÷ƣ޴ȵɳȥ
䣡
Ҷǳչ٣ĸħսҲɱȻƣռϷ硣
ʱţҶǳԸܵĸˣսʵԽԽ
Ȼǵսĺܿ죬ǵҩЧҲˡ
Ҫ֪ԽǿĵҩҩЧʱԽ̣ȻĻһŵҩǾ޵ˣȻܣ
ãҩЧҪˣһħս𾪿ֵؽе
սɫһ䣬ѾܵԼʵ½ĺҪǼȥҶǳɾɱǡ
Ǻǣ鷳ˣҶǳһЦûмڳ֣ϾʱϵԽã漸˵ʵ½Խ
ԣż˲
ҶǳɱǣħŹġһħսȵֵ̿Ѿˡ
Ҷǳ˵ɱ˺üˣںǼ𣿡
ڴʱһħսȻҶǳͷųԽԽǿ
ǿ㿪ǵұ𣡡ħս
һҪԱҶǳ˵״̬ʱƤһæʩչر졷۴ط
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬λħսԱˡ
һԽǿߵԱֲ̫ˣֱڷŭ
ҶǳضڲŤ漴ƿһЩѷ졣
ߣս۾ʱһûӳҶǳء
Ҳ˳ȥ
򽣾Ӻ洫
ҶǳȻԱסˣٿһѻƽ𱦽Χסһħս
Ҷǳħսɱ
ԴˣħսҶǳɱԱһʣսˡ


799 ջ
˭ӣ
Ҷǳһ뿪أս׷ɱȥ
ħս𻹺˵ӳȥҲûʲô˵ġ
սҪɱϾ츳һȥ½ǺܻܿëСǴ鷳
һڰеĶԲܷɳȥҶǳ׷ɱħս𣬸Ϊ׷ɱս
򽣾
ҶǳսıӰͺһһѼƷʱХǰսסˡ
ৣ
һƽ𱦽Я貵Ľ⣬һĽâ˺գնϵغսӴ
𣡡
սŭţӶ޴צҡž޴βΧĻƽ𱦽ɣҲ˱סˡ
ӡ
ҶǳӶȭӡɱҵĽȭͷ֮ŶЯſֲܣͷųƬս
ۣ
սѪһƬ۵䣬ɫǳѿҩĸˣʵڲϵؼ
Ѿˣ
ҶǳƳһԶߵħս漴һؿսйâһһ޴ʯ֡
񱮣
սͫһжʱˡ
û½ߵĽҶǳͿʹô񱮣ټʵնɱս׾١
צСһ͹ˣҶǳ˵漴߶񱮣ֲս֡
ءսھʵͲҶǳοӵҶǳ
ûãսͱ񱮸Դֻһ߲ƵҶǳսС
ٶȿһħս뿪ķҶǳԥƬ̣ջû׷ȥѡ񷵻ѧԺ
ʵϣٵٶȣ׷ȥкܴ׷ħս𣬵ħսֿߣһɱѧԺѧԺʧˡ
ԣҶǳ뿪ѧԺ̫Զ
쿴Ժˣ
ǼļһﱻԺɱˣ
ôǿļ˶Ժɱˣҿս½ѾûԺĶˡ

ѧԺ˿Ҷǳʤ˷ܺޱȡ
һǿԺѧԺ벻ǿ󶼲С
һЩոռѧԺˣǶԼδġ

һԺ
ҶǳпǼ½߶ȰҪǿû뵽Ķ֣ս֮Ѿ޵еˡ
Ҷǳҡͷ⻰ս½˵˵УǷ½ͲԶˣǼ½ߣ½ҲֻײĴڣǲʲô
㰡ôǫ飡Цҡҡͷ
ˣʦҪչһˣЩսҽ񵤵ҩҡҶǳ漴˵
㰲ıչذɣһнҡ˵ͷ

֮УҶǳڼǰľʬ壬ʬħսģһսʬ塣
ħսǸ֣½ӦвٺöҶǳǳڴ
ȡǵĿռָѰһǵأҶǳʼһһϸ
Ƭ̺ҶǳɳһЩмֵĶ
սҶǳѾսҪսˣĿǰҪ塣
ԣսӽȭҶǳ׼ѧԺѧԺѧԱҲսܺЩսҵӵܿˡ
ս֮⣬ҶǳһЩ½ĵرܶ඼ʶģ֪ʲôô׼غ󽻸о
ף
ȻҶǳ۾һҵʮŷֽǵǸ񱮵ķֽ
ⶫ
ҶǳǳһĨЦЩôս½޵ˡ
׼ҡлսңûκвˣΪһͿԽǵû˭ҶǳĶ֣
ο޷Ҷǳܶð
׼ҡлҡңǵڵˣҶǳ䣬ʮŽʮսˡ
£ҶǳСЩħս
ûҵʲôĶ
վսΣ½ļܹܵͣӵеıޡ
Ա߻һצʬء
һȫǱ
ͣ
Ҷǳ̽ƣսıԴȡ˳ôһԴž
Ҳ
Ҷǳǰ޴Դо˸
ʱѾ˲ˮľͻȪë뿪ǰ͸һֲ˵ıټ޴ԴͿԽõǿҩˡ


800 
ҩ֪Դӵõ֮Ҷǳûз临յͷԸ
ֻԭѾή˲ˮľȪԴ֮󣬿ʼ
Ȼ΢ҶǳܹӦõСؽյһϣ
ĵȴˣ
Ҷǳ̾
ҩȻˣҪȵҩȴ֪Ҫȶʱ䡣
ǧ꣬꣬ⶼ˵
ëҲ˵ֻҪŪЩҲԼҩ
Ҷǳ׼пȥѰһЩʵǿս½Ѿеطֹܹ̽ˡ
ȻҶǳĴ㣬׼ֱȥ׼ҡҺлҵˣײ

һºҶҡҵһЩҶǳõսң½ʥҩ񵤵ҩġ
Ҷǳʱغͷһ񵤡
ӺܿҶǳջҲܴ󣬳˻˴⣬Ϊʦ磬Ϊս½ʦ
磬ҶǳͿԼˣһ¯񵤣ֻõŵҩʺͷȲˡ
֮£Ҷǳֻܼ񵤣ϾЩҩĶģ˷ѣȻҪθЩսҽ
Ҫ֪Щսǰˣÿһ¯񵤣ҪЩս񵤣ֻţǻҪһţ
ҶǳȻɵ¡

µʱת۹ȥˡ
Ҷǳһ¯񵤣Լռָ񵤣ʱ¶Цݡ
һʮ˿񵤣񵤺õջ񣬷ǳ
ҵΪսʮս𾳽ˣʣµĿѧԺѧԱӦÿսǰ񡣡Ҷǳ뵽
Ժ¥ĸ¥ɽǰѧԺĸԺƽҶǳѧԺϾҶǳԼҪûʱ̵ѧԱżʱ㼸š
֪ˣֱɣҶǳ˰֣漴ͷ뿪
񵤵һ䣬ҪæΪҪҶǳѧԺ⣬ᡣ
Ҷǳûʲô֣ʦεˣҲսεǿߣͬʱһλ񵤵ʦս½ĵλܸߣҶǳ󹫻ѧԺʵѡ
һͽˣҶǳһ˵ҶԺ
ǰɷҰҶǳ˰֣Ц
ٺЦڵʵټѧԺԺݣЩսҵļ¥¥˭˶񰡣
ˣǶϽˣЩˡҶǳҡҡͷ漴ʵɥ֮Ȯٲ鵽𣿡
ָߵħսȻûʲôвս½һЩ鷳ϾܲһֱѧԺɣһ뿪ˣɱѧԺѧԺ˭ֵܵ
ԣҶǳͰ¥̽ǵϢ
ˣǿ϶Ǵ̽Ϣˡ
ֻ˵ѾС뿪ˣ󲻾ãɮһҲȥ鿴һѾȷЩѾ뿪磬ǰ½ˡ
ŶҶǳЩȵǷұɲǵķ񰡣
ЦǱɱĲҰܶӣ߻ô죿λħս޷ʣµħӶĶֻ֣ܲĵˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷǻս½𣿡
Ӧò˰ɣҡҡͷ˵̵ü˵ˣǽҲףҪúܶԴԼλСԣνֻ߽ϵšȻɱħļӣײս𣬶ħûʲôشʧӦòΪ˵ɱͺķѾ޴ս½οǵս˭ɱ㣿
Ҷǳ˵ͷа˿ħôǣٶʱǲս½͸ɳʱ䣬Ϊս񣬻ﵽѪ磬ôħսҲ޾塣
˵ףʵҪģҶǳԼѾ޵ս½ˣҪʵս񾳽硣
ս񾳽磬ҶǳѾܾˣȱ񵤣ʣҪ˼꣬ͿԳս񾳽ˡ
ڴ֮ǰҶǳ׼ȽһЩԹһѯʵ׼ʲô


801 Σ
׼ҡлңԼңսѾΪҶǳˣ˫֮ĶԹ޷⣬ֻһС
񣬼ȻѾ㹻ʵ壬ҶǳȻ飬ο׷ɱ˺ܾãһֱǱӴܣƵһȶʵս½
֮ĳ̫ˣ
Դ˷ǳµҶǳĴ㣬æ˵׼һڰЩ񵤣ӦɵĲˡ¥յϢ׼׼һλŮʥӼ޸ҵӣʱڰ֮󡣡

ҶǳЦˣҪ˺ܼ̰
˰ˣҺЩսҶҪ׼Ұ񵤣ֵҩս˵ǳҪ˵
ҶǳȻüЩ֣Ϊûǰ½
Ǻǣµӣֻһ̤ŰˡЦս½֮⣬Ѿû߽ϵˡ
ʢ˥˥ʢս½ָ֮ǰǿʢʱڣҶǳŵ
һţµŵ֮ǰѧԺУͿ˲ǱӣԲЩսҵӲ
¥Ҳ˵ģ΢΢һЦ漴ǡ
ҶǳĿȥ¥¥صˣпȥݷ£
ʱ䣬ҶǳעҪæˡ
Ϊ̵λһٶλսǿߣһȺԱѧԺ
һʱΪʹ翴ѧԺ󹤻ᡣ
Ҳû취Ͼ󹤻ᷢչô꣬ǿͨԱԶԶѧԺ
˶ˣҲ鷳ִҲԽԽࡣ
ѧԺѧԱԼͳʵ٣Ȼ޷󹤻˾
֮ԽԽˡ
ҲֻĵײңѧԺĸ߲㻹ദĺܺãϾҶڣ󹤻˻ҷ
ҶǳɱλħսϢȻûдս½ȴѾͨ󹤻ᣬټϴ񱮵壬󹤻˾͸Ӳҷˡ
ײӵִҶǳҲûֻ̫࣬ҪˣѧԺЩѧԱһЩѹҲܲԱǼٳɳ
ֻҪȵѧԺѧԱɳˣǾͲᱻ󹤻ѹˡ

󹤻ᲢѧԺϢܿʹս½ʹս½ڣһսҲ𾪲ѡ
ԭǷѧԺһǿʢԺκһսұȼ硣
ϾκһԱȼսңǲֻһ
ҶǳʹڣѾࡣ
ʱѧԺʵϣѾֱ׷Ĵǿսˡ
ѧԺķͷûгã㱻׼ҡҸˡ
ǿս鴫鿪ٴս½ڲѣҶǳͰĻ֮һĿĻ俪ʼˡ
ս½Ŀⶼ۶

º󣬺硣
ѹѹһȺˣ̤նУȥڡ
ţ˭ڵĺӵһæȵ
䣡һ۵Ĺâڵĺӵܻɱ
һȺֱӳ硣
ϮһӵܵĴ磬ͱɱˡ
Ⱥˣ˾ɱǳᡣ
վǺ磬ҺܿͷӦҼһںҳϡӵӭ
ңȻǣϳȺ˵ݣʱͫһ֮ɫ
þòҼЦһȺ˳
Ҽɫҷʲô裿ѵΪƾҾͿǺңӮˣҲܾˡ
ټлأлҼһȺ˴ڽ
״ɫ䣬𾪵ǵʲôҺԩ޳ΪʲôҪ
ΪǺվˣҼɭЦ
׼ңǰ׳գͫһʱһУȻЦ׼ڶ𣿵ûмǴĻӦӴӣû뵽ǾȻѡʱ֡
飿Ǻǣֻ˵Ŀѣ˴ǵľ衣лҼЦ
Ҫ־͹վ˶顪֣ҼһһǿӰɢŰϢʱӺ󷽷
ͬʱǿƣмײš
ȻҺлҰԼҵҲˣν㳲


802 
Ҷ硣
׼ҡԼǿսЯֶɱ֮УҶǿ߼ɱ
սҶһ㹻סҶҵ׼ҺԼҸǳʮλڰѹҶҡ
ȻҶҵ̻սԻܼ֡
Ϣ֪ͨҶǳ
ҶҾһļҶ޵ߵһλϴȵ
Ҷ޵ΪҶǳ𣿺ǺǣǱѱˡ׼ҼЦ
Ҷ۵ŭȵΪϾҶңΰɣ
Ǻǣڵȴǵ𣿡ЦǹƻڵҵĻأںҡҶѾ˲סˡ
Ҷɫһ
ֶΣҶ޵ûǵĽģѹ㵱ԻֳΪ׼Ҽûг֣ӦȥѧԺɣ
Ҷ޵ȻϧҪ־͹ǵҶǳȻҲԸ㡣Ц
Ҷ޵һתͷԶԼҼ֣ҲԼýⱳһͱݰãΪԺܹҺ׼ҵĺøһʼվǱ߻пԭǱѣǿ϶㱧нġ
Ҷ֣ǸˣҲûѡ񡣡ԼҼûжԣֻǵǸ
ɭЦҶ޵㲻˷ѿˣּӵܶħҶǳȴɱħˣ˵ԼһҶҽ𣿡
ԭˣҶ޵Ȼ򣬵漴ɫǾһսɣҪҶңǾҪܾ˵׼
ֻҪסǣȺҡҺѧԺǱߵսʱԮˣǾͱɡЦ
Ҷ޵Ҷɫˮ

ѧԺ
Ҷǳ۾˫է䣬û¶κϢȴΧĿռŤ
һ֡ơѹȡ
Ȼʵٴξ޽ӽսˡ
ս𣡡
ҶǳԼոͻƵΪ磬΢΢һЦսӽӽˡ
һαչأȥ˼ʮ񵤣ʣһٿ񵤱ɰܣʹЩ츳ǿѧԺѧԱ
ΪѾҶǳûôˡ
Ҫս񾳽磬ʮǼֻҲﲻ
Ҷ磬ˡȻЩŵ
һ̣Ҷǳһ˰ǰ
֮ɫҴҷİҶǳüʲôôţ
ڴʱͷҲԶҲ֮ɫ
ҶǳʱֲõԤУϾܹ˶˻ţ϶Ƿʲô顣
ҶҺͺܵΧˣæ˵
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λҵİһ۾ͿҶǳʱ߶ɱһֳնУսִĵâ˺գնҶǳһ˴߶ףΪ׾ˣһ̤Ҷǳ
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803 ֮
ⲻܣ
ҵļǰλҰϵʧȥ˹âʱŵش
̫ˣǿȻôɾͱҶǳˣŷֽʲô
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أ
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񱮼Ҷǳǳǿ󣬸׽λҰشͱҶǳһס
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ҼҵǿǶޱȣһ
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ЩҵӵӣҼЩҲˣɽڲûգǿɲװ
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ʲôҵ˱ɱˣ˵Ǵ𣿡һİ񾪺
˵ѾҶԺȥˣɱλҰ񡣡


һ𺳡
֪Ҷǳǿû뵽Ҷǳǿֵز
˵Ƿ˵ѣûɣΪǰصǿʬ֤
Ҷǳɱǿߣôôߣ
ߣǸԺһȥңĻ᳤ͻȻ
ˣȻѾûǾͲǵĶˡĻ᳤ҲӦæ뿪硣
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Ƿǳ˷ܣһֱսѹǣȴܹ׷ɱĴǿսең̫ˡ
ûгȥˣ֪Ѷ
ս½Ѿû˿ԿǳˡпѣͬʱҲеϲΪҶǳͽܡ
һ޵еͽܣԺս½˭ðƶ
ǵϢʱ¥һԣ˵ҸҪҶԺʱһ֣Ͼҡ׼ҡԼһʵޱǿ󣬼ҶȫҲ޷ֵȴû뵽ҶԺʵôǿ󡣡Ц˵
ںҵύҶǳ¥Ҷǳվһһ޵еǿߣδս¥עԺ

һƬ
ȥȴǿ󹤻ѾˣȴûҶǳӰ
ǳأĻ᳤ʵ
Ļ᳤æ˵Ժȥˡ
Ҷʵǿ󣬼ܵ׼ҺԼҵΧҲܹһʱ䣬ǺܵлҵΧ¼ֲ˶ãѹҶԺѡȾԮҡ
Ե˵ͷȴ뵽˵һμ硯ʱ¥¥˸һԣ˵ǺδһδΣֻС硯ܰǶȹһˡ
һ֤˵Ųߡ
ҵ˶٣漴ʵ
Ļ᳤˵ҵİһˣʣµս౻ɱˣֻ˼ˣҼҲˡʧأųɾŵǿˣѾûκвˡ
˵ͷֻʣһλˣսҲˣûȷûκвˡ


804 Ԯ
ս½ĳٸǱӰһǶǴˣһλҰλս𣬻ҼʣµĶսʡսεͼӵܡ
ǿսңҶҵңʮ֣ȴֻʣˣ⼴㲻壬Ҳ˶١
ҶԲңҲѡ׼ҺԸлҼ£Դͷ˵һ
žԱ߽ʣһλҰһƣŭȵҳ֮⣬ʵǿҵԪˣˣҾҪˡ
ҼԲȻЦҶǳܹӡ׼ҡлαɣԺս½᳼Ҷǳ£ǳᱻġ
Ұ˵ս½ô󣬽ؼǧ˻ǿԵģڴǻȥʣµս½
˵ҰԥƬ̣漴һҧȥµ۹ҶǳĹʵأִս֮У⣬ǲˣΪҶ
ʲôҼ㵵̧ͷǰ˶Ұš
ҰԳӽԺս½Ҷǳ£ҶҲˮǴߣǷеҶռҲ˼ɵҪ֪ҶǳǴӷ֮߳ģҶٺܶ鷳Ҫǣ˭õһҶ
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ҶǶô޴ĳ裬Ժȥҵڡ
Һúüţ£ѵǶž޴ĳ
ҰǰҼˮתǧһֻأˣôĳԶ޷ϴֻ̣лǲлᱨѩޡһꡢһǧ꣬ٹһ꣬ҾͲҲᵮһҶǳһš
ˣ
Ҽҧͷ˵һѽһм¼ڼѵУúӵܲҵĳ裬һӰѧԺҶǳʵעΪս޷𣬵ҷģԺһȡѧԺҶңҵĻԻ͡
ˣҾͷˣҰοص˵ͷ漴¥Զ̤նȥ
棬һȥҪȥҼһʱæе
ӽԺκδһԪĽ֮ˣʲô𣿵𣿻òҶǳҵ鷳˵лɱҶǳҰͷҲص˵

ҼҰ뿪ķƺ뵽ʲôɫʱһ䡣
ѵ
ҼƺµҰĴ㡣
ߣȻȥҼȵҰȥʲôѾûϵˣӽԺҪнȴ

硣
Ҷǳǰ󿪵ڣеŵļʬ壬ʱɫһ䡣
ɱɱд
һɹɿµ
ȻսѾе˰Ȼ
ݣ
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һȥӰպ͵ϼսʱкҵ䣬ҲлҺҵȥսǳҡ
ڲԶĲ֮ϣһλҰֳɱ¾ħӭлҺҵλ
һֵȻ·硣
лҺҸռǵƣǴ˵ǺҵĴӪкҵ󷨵ֵºͱսҸˡ
Ǻˣ
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Ȼûע⵽еҶǳϾ̫ҵģɱսһ˸ע⡣
ৣ
Ҷǳ֪ʱûзϻһ֮󣬱óֳлҰҰ
ЧǳˣܿͷӡлҺҵֳλлҡҰĿɿڴ
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Ǻҵİɲֺûᣬ˵Χ£Ѿأʱֻᣬʲôԭ򣬵ƴ߶ȥ
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һ֮͵õļջԺѧԺҲõѧԺİΣˡ
ҶҶǳĺҰֳɱ¾ħͻȻֵҶǳʱ־ϲղŻлҺҵôʧȥãԭҶǳŪġ
ǰȥסڣҪκһлҺҵˣҶǳǰĺҰ˵
ãҵİԵ˵ͷһκʧأҶǳʱǺҾҪˣȻܷŭ


805 ʥл
ʲôȻɱˣ
ôܣ
Ҷǳ

лҺλ䣬Ҷǳĳ֣ܿͱսлҡҡǿע⵽ˣʱһƬ
ͬǣҵлҺҵһƬͲš
ղǼİֳ޵£ȴգۼ䣬̫ˡ
ⲻܣ
ҵļŵش
ռϷ磬ôһת۾ͱˣûԺһʲôʸλսң
Ҽ޷һС
䣡ѹҼɱֲӳȥΧǿ߶ɡ
ҶǳûκκøУĹаΪǼս֪˶޹ˣϧ
ҶǳٿŴ񱮣ɱҵǿߣһɱֱݿ࣬޵С
ֱһɱ˿Եֵǰ񼶱ǿߣڴ񱮵֮ǰҲɱ
ɱúã
Ҽ˷ܵش
һֱ˵ԤԣƴŵڣȻ˵겢ûҶǳǺҵǸˡ
ֵǣɱɱҺлҵĴ漴
ҶǳɱҺлҵİ񣬺ҵǿڿʼˣɱҺлҽڽڰˡ
Һлҵ˻̿־ˣҪӳȥһλֳĺҰ򣬾㼸λ֣ȥˡ
򽣾
Ҷǳһ֣һѼƷʱХһлҺҵǿ߻ɱ
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лҺҵ˶ɱĵˡ
Ҷǳʦ𽣻ǱҺģԸллһ·лҵһλѪҶǳ
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лҵλ
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ʺлҼһλ㲻ܻڡлؿҶǳ˵
ô˵һҪлˡҶǳǳһĨЦݣл˵ʦ𽣻ʵģӦҵҪұлһ·Ҳлҡ
ãл˵ͷҶǳϾʦصս½׼ҶǳΥԣԺΪսҲܵǵ
Լ֮лʹлҵ˳սҶǳҲúҵֹͣ׷ɱлˡ
ҶǳԸͶҷģԺ󳼷㣬һ·һλҵİ
䣡Ҷǳ߶񱮽ɱҵˣû˿øУаļˣôܻŹǣ
˵ҲҪּ峼
ɱҵ˼ͶɣһҲˣƴɱҵˣԱͬھ
Ҷǳ򽣾£Щҵĺܿ죬ûиɶʧ


806 ȴ
һսĻǿ߱ɱˣлҵǿʣ֮һ߲˲أʧȥǿһЩ
ҲʧأǺҵ˺ܸˣΪǺӮˡңҶǳɽǺԺעĴǿսҲ⡣
ϾĴǿսҵУҶǳжԣעҪ
ҶԺлˣ˹ЦݣҶǳĿ˸м֮ɫ
ҶǳʱǺҾˡ
ǰˣҶǳ˰֣ҵĹϵһֱܹɳô죬ҵİкܴõģҶҶİöࡣ
ҶԺҶǱߵҲãҪҪھ͹ȥԮѯʵһҶǳհӡ
Ȼ˴ֿ񣬵ǰ׳գʶҶǳǿȻҪúðͽҶǳ
ԺһЩӵܰѧԺǺѧԺùϵ
ҶǱһȥȴһֺҵȥңЩлҵˣǴҽҶҵ֮ǡҶǳ룬漴˵
ã˵ͷ漴úҵһλֳɱ¾ħһЩҵǿߣȥˡ
ҵǿ߼ˣҲûˣԺֻҪһλܺɨҡ
ʣµĺˣͿʼɨսѺлҵˡ
лҵһͷɥ뿪ҶǳһЦ漴ͺк뿪˺硣
һҶҡ

ҶȻܵԼҺ׼ǿսҵΧҶʵǿ󣬵̻ӵ
ԣ׼ҺԼҪǲܣڵȴҡлҺҵľԮ
ϧעѾȲԮˡ
ȵ˸ϹҶǳ
Ҷǳ
ôܣ
׼ҼԼҵļ㶵ؿŴҶ߽Ҷǳ𾪺Ͳš
ǳ
Ҷ޵֮ɫ
ҶǳᱻҸû뵽ҶǳȴϹˣʲô
ϾҲܷҶǳǾֻһֿܣҰˡ
Ȼ˲ţҶǳϣƺѾܶ漣ˡ
Ҷǳ
ԱߵҶҲ¶ϲɫȻҶǳˬҲ֪Ҷǳʵ֪Ҷǳӵд񱮣ֻҪҶǳˣҶҾͲˡ
ⲻܣҶǳôܻţҵأһǿҲܵеùȫ壬ܵеùҵ۾һš
ҶǳһټңҶǳãһ٣Լ˳
ৣ
ҶǳóŽսȻָһеλ׼ҡԼҰ
ʱλеͱӡˡ
Ҷҵλ漴ֳնɱ
Ҷǳλ׼ҡԼҰеһжĺܿ죬ȵ˷Ӧȫסˡ
Ҷ綼˼ž
УҶǳ˵ҡлҡҶѾˣʣˡ
ѵ
еڵϣҵĵһ죬ͬ׵УֱӴסˣҺ;
ûҶǳĻҶǳ׷ӡ֪Ҷǳû˵ѡ
Ͼûв˭ҶǳĶ֣
ã
ɵúã
׼ˡ

Ҷҵĳӵǻѡ
෴׼ҺԼҵһҺ;
ûעˡ
οҶ̫һҶǳ
ⲻܡܡвϵţƷˡ
ԼҼɬҶǳҶԺԼԸͶ֪ҪβܷŹԼң
ڼǰҪͷ
Լ֮ǰҵѣͱһŹԼ𣿡Ҷǳ俴˵
ԼҼȻһЦµȷԼĲصԼӵܰħҲûѡ񡭡
ԼӵܰħûκιϵȻվ˶飬ǾҪеվĺҶǳĻ
ԼҼһҶǳҶԺֻҪԸŹԼһԼҿԴӦκ
κҶǳ۾һУߵҪԼҵԴأ
ԣԼҼҧ˵ͷֻҪ˻žУȻʧȥԼӵмλսҲû˶٣ս½
Ǻãھͻȥ׼ˣԹ԰Ѷ͵ѧԺȥҿԼ̣ҡлҡұǵ³Ҷǳ˵
ԼûʲôޣȻԷԸ⸶ôҲ
ãһԴȥѧԺԼҼ˵ͷ漴뿪Ҷ硣


807 
Լҵ˻뿪ˣҶҵû赲ϾҶǳԼҼ̸ĻȻ󣬵ڳĶǿߣȻ˵̸ݡ
ҶǳδԼңҶҵ˲κ飬ȻҶǳԷӡô֤ʵھս½
վһǿΪ磬ҶǳǿĻǷ˸Υ
ǳ׼ҵЩôãԼҵ뿪֮Ҷ޵˹ѯʵ
ҶҲ˹ߵҿȫɱˡ
ȥɱҶǳƳһۣ˵
Ҷ۶ʱɫε˵Ҳһ۷սʵȻǿҪ׼ңڳ˵Ρ
ԱߵҶ޵һֻ֮ɫЦѣҶ۶ΣҶǳڱӦ˰ɣԼҶǳ̫ˡ
Ʋ˼λҶҼҶǳ̤նһ׼ǰ
һ׼˶ʱٴС
Ϊ׵ʮλ׼Ұɬ
ʮλ׼һǵ̻񣡡ҶǳĿһɨҲò̾׼ҵǿ۰κһսҶҪࡣ
Ҷǳ㵽ôһλ׼Ұ˵
Ҷ޵Ҷǳ׼ҵ棡
׼棿Ŷˣ׸߸ʦ𡣡Ҷǳ۾һУ΢΢һЦ
׼ɫ׼Ҷ׷ɱģֻҪŹ׼ңҿƾ㴦á
ʲôʲôʸ̸Ҷǳ˵
㡭׼ʱŭصҶǳǰվս½۷ǿߣȻС
䣡䣡
Ҷҵλֳʱ׼ںˡ
׼ҧгݵصҶǳ㵽ô
֣ǵðɣ˭ֱֵϵԼվҶǳ˵
ţԭһҾ׼Ҽʱ̧ͷɵؿҶǳ
֣׼ӵ𣿡
˵ֵܣԴӺʧ֮󣬱Ѿʧˡ

һЩ׼ҳϡӵ۷׷ףЩɻ󣬲֪ҶǳôȻһ׼ʧӵܡ
ǰҶǳԱλֳҶҰе׼˶ҷ
һһߺһϸһŮӱ˳
Ƿֱֵĸסĸ׺á
Ҷǳɨһۣ漴Ŀתߵֵֵܣôվ
Ҷǳ㵽ʲô˼ܿܣ׼ˣҪɱҪʹ㡣˵
ȻҾͳȫ㣡Ҷǳһǰ׼ˣ˵ڵվ˿Ի
Ҷǳ㡭Ҫ˵ͱҶǳס˺
㲻Ҫڳȫ㣡Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳѾµʲôѾû׼ˡ
Щ׼ˣԻ֮󣬱㿪ʼָһЩڵ˲ϣظ˳
Ҷǳɨһۣڵǧˡ
Щ𣿡ҶǳĿתֵĸס
ֵĸҲһλѹӵӣӭҶǳĿ⣬˵ЩȻҲ֪ʲôԹԱ֤ʣµ˿ԻԸһ
Ҳܱ֤
Ҷǳ˵
㡭ֵĸ׶ʱŭҶǳ
Ҷǳ˰֣˵øлöӣҵõµһЩУӣ߰ɣֵķҿԷŹǣǼǵûȥ׼ҵԴ͵ѧԺ
ʲôڵʱ׷׾Щŵصɴ۾
Ҷǳ㡭
෴ʣµһЩ׼ˣŭӣǱҶǳˣˡ
ⷴת̫ͻȻˡ
ֻһ˿Ȼ¶ˣֲõĻɽż˴룬ӦþҶǳˡ
Ŷˣ֪һ飡
Ҷǳָ𾪵Ŀ⣬˵ֵǱˣĻҲֲӡ
㡭ָתͷЩš
ʱҶǳһЩ˵ȻЦҺģ˭ҵ·
ۣ˵꣬ѪҺɱˡ
Ҷǳͷų̫𣬽ʬճɻҽתͷǰʣµ׼ˣ³һ֣ɱ
ʱҶҵλֳɱ˹ȥҶҲΧɱ˹
׼ҵȻҷ֮ǰǸˣһһɱˡ
һ԰Ѷ͵ѧԺֵĸ̾һʣµ׼뿪


808 
һսҵĴսĻˣҡұ壬лҺ׼ҲЩ壬ԼʧԴһӴǿսҵ䵽ͨսҶĵز
Ϣȥս½䶯ˣ߷ڡ
Ҷǳﵽ۷塣
ѧԺΪս½ϵǿǿѧԺŶѧԺϣ԰ѧԺ
ҡԼҡ׼ҡлҡҵսԴ֧ţѧԺѧԱǽٶȺܿ죬ֱһǧ
ɽ֡չԪЩˣҶǳõҩӲս𾳽磬ѧԺ֮ûսǿߵΡ
Ҷǳǿʵ£ս½ҲƽҶǳЯְս½ȥ˺⣬һ÷⡣
Ҷǳڷһһ

ɫ
һߣϥںɫǰƺڵȴʲô
һ죬һŲӺɫ洫
߶ʱ۾ɫ߳ϤӰ˵ڵȵˡ
ĳɣȻ㣬ڴ˵ʲôǰߣһ˿Ȼ
ǰĳɣǵҶǳߵһλ
ǵĳ˵
۾ǵûҵİս½ҶңĴǿս֮һôǵ
㱻ںɫܾˣѾ֪ڵս½ʲôˡĳ̾
Цս½ܹʲôӣѵһλµս𣿡
Ҳò˶ãµսˡĳ뵽Ҷǳ˵СǱһͨ½Ѿв̡šħһŵս½߽ϵŴȥ½ˡ
ʲôԵɴ۾š
ûлĳɵĻΪ̡ŶǶĴɣ½жš
Ȼĳɿ˵Щɵ֣ô϶Щɵ˽ս½ˣȻĳִӺδ֪
û뵽ǵƻô꣬ȴһɺް
ɵŭ漴Ҵܽɫ
𣡡ĳɺûʧںɫ
ĳĵȴڴˣΪõΪұѩޡ
ûжȣºʹӺɫˡ
ĳɣҪôʵ
ĳһϲæ˵ҵԪˣҪһΪ¡ǵôӦңɱҶǳ
ǵԲмΪʲô˶ܼҵȸͬˣӵźͬԴѪܹɽ󷨵츳˲űʦΪӣһԪİûʲô츳ǵֱǳ˵Ρ
ĳһԪвͨˣ֮ǰҲ׼û̫ʧǼ˵ȻܼҾֻһǰɱҶǳһǰҴϢ½ĵӣеӰħá
Ϣ򵥣дţҵʱ˸͹ȥɱҶǳõǵûгΪսɣһɱ𣿡ɻ
ĳ˵ǼǰˣҶǳѾӵ˳Խʵǰħļս𶼱ɱˣһַֽԷӡҼȫˣ׼ҡлҡҲˣͳս½
ʲôԾɫ䣬Щš
ǸСȻڶ̶ʱڳɳزֱ˲š
Ҷǳ츳Ҫ˶ñԳΪսս½¾Ҳûս½ˡĳ˵
̫ˣҪҵʦ𣡡ɫأһηغɫ
ֻˣĳɣɭʦӦǿ԰ɱҶǳҪİܽս½ĻǶȥ̸ΰɱҶǳ
Ȼģ˵ĺˣֻҪܹɱҶǳʲôʲôһ֮ˣкξ壿ĳ̹Ȼ
˵ͷ漴óһѪɫҩĳɣ˵Ѫ񵤣֮󣬿˲սΡⲻԼ޷ƣԵʱԱ
ĳѪɫҩüԱը󷨣


809 
¶һ룡ЦƾһԱУȻŵҩ㷢ӳսԱҲ޷󷨣ҵʦ֣һ󷨡
ôΪʲôǰĳɻǵҪһӦòѰɣ
Ҫϣ֮⣬˭ɵԸԱҡͷ
ĳԳЦ˵ҲԡھͿʼ𣿡˵գеѪɫҩ
ȵȣæ뿪죬ٳŵҩ
˵꣬ʹҴܽ˺ɫڣϾһսεǿԱʦ֣Ǹɡ
ʱתۼ
ĳһս½һ˿漴еѪɫҩ
һ̣һɿֲӵҩ֮бڱϯȫ¡
¡¡
ز顣
ĳɸоԼͶ֮䶼ŻصǶôϲ֪ԼŲ˶á
ǰӵսĳź
һ˲䣬ɲȻˡءһԱˡ
һԱǳս½ǿֲϯȥײźɫõ󷨣Ҵݻ磬ƬƶĴضݻٳһƬ档
䣡
ͬʱһֻڵƣЯĵĹӺɫںݺݵغ
õ󷨣һܵսεĹϹ겻Ƶ󷨳һ˿Ѻۡ
ɫݻˣ¶һĵĿռͨ

ʲô
ս񼶱ǿԱֲ̫ˣһ촫ս½ս½ҶǳҲһʱӦĿֲʱ㵵תͷȥ
Ҷ磬ô£Ҳһ죬ǹֲ̫ˣԶľ룬еһļ¡
֪ǸղǹԶԶңӦáӦսΣҶǳüͷѵս½һλս񣿿λսʧĺܿ졣
Ҫǣǹǿһͨ½ͨ
ҵȥ鿴һ£ȻѧԺеսѧԺԴѧԱװǵУȻ뿪磬ս½ǱȺҵ֪ͨҶǳ漴תͷ԰
һæôΣҪȻȥʦһ£
ֱӸ˵бˣģҲµģҶǳ˵꣬ͰĴ󣬺ǰ¥
ȵ¥󣬰ǰѧԺȥ¥¥ˡ
Ͼ漰սεĴڣҶǳҲҴ⣬һ˵
ҶԺӦòǵս¥˵սôġս½֮ϣͬһս½˶Ӧġ˵
ҶǳҲս½ս񣬱Ͼս½ս񣬾ҵжԣҲ˺ս½ˡ½սǵսǾˡ
ǰ뵽ͨ½ĿռͨʱҲ
ţһСéǰ
¥棡˵ˡ
Ҷǳû뵽סĵطôªָҲںסĵطνɽڸ飬ˮ顣
Ҷǳпһ£ߵéǰǰҶǳǰݷá
ҶԺÿɣһϵСé洫
Ҷǳ߽Сéݡ
һȥҶǳʱסˣΪ˵š
һʼΪһõ˵ӣٲҲЩһȲ
ǰ˼ֱһضȲзϵؤ鲻˵ŧ˫˫ŸήĸһϸСӡҲ̫ˡ
ҶԺҲˣҲ߶ʧԶӭˡ˻˵
ǰ㡭Ҷǳ⣬˺ôҲսôӣ
Ǻǣй¶̫ˣԲ⵽Ǵ˿Ц
Ҷǳаһ̾˵ҲôɣҲԣô׵Ļ¥ͳưս½
ϾȫδţȻ¥ĵر¥¥ôܲǿ
Ȼֽݾ߲ͨ˵ƵģԽܵǴԽֲ
ǰҡҶǳһʱ䲻֪οڣսεĴڣжôֲǴ»ֱɱ˰ɣ˿ڡ


810 ʮ
Ǻǣһ촫ս½ʹ㲻˵Ҳ֪⣡
ûҶǳڣ˵ʵǰѾһΣǹҵһλĳɣǰôߵһλ񡣡
Ҷǳ۾һɣ뵽ǸҰ
ôӵǹǿҶǳ漴һɻ
Ӧǵˣĳֵҩһ˲սΡ޷սεԾԱˣǹɾ޴Աġ˵
ԱҶǳ㵵ôΪʲôҪԱ
㲻˵ǿԲ²⣬͵ʲôԼҪɱ㱨𣬶Աݻõ󷨡
ʲôҶǳʱվĿ˸ʱȻ
ս񼶱ǿԱǹжǿ᲻ֱӴݻõ󷨣ܵģ
ģӦûг״ݻ٣Ȼս٣ǻһʱӦ˵
ΣҵȥԿһ۲ŷģҶǳ漴վ׼ǡ
ҶԺһȥֻҪ󷨣ҾͿ󷨻֧ŶãҲøһ׼˵
ҶǳƬ̣漴˵ͷ˻֣㽫ս֮С
Ҷǳк¥ĴֱǰʥǣȻٷ
վڸ߿УŲƵأҶǳüͷ
Ϊ½ƻˡ
ͺƶ񤣬һܵսεԱֱһƬ棬¼ǧڶˡ
Ҷǳɫӿٶȣըġ
ʮ˲ըˣ¶һռͨĵģڱըġ
ʱվڿռͨԱߣΧŤĿռ䣬󿴵Ҷǳ
û뵽һСӣȻɳزϧһҶǳЦ
Ҷǳһõ󷨣漴мб³ˣмҪ㣬ǧǰ㺦ĶɽʧֻܵѾǰս½ˣҰ˱ȵҪǿɣ˸ߵȰ͵ıɣ
ʲôԶʱɫ䣬Ҳ
˵ȷһϢ
Ȼ˵ҪΪսȴѣԷΪҩڶ½ҩҲò
һᱻëԽһӶڵȻᱻëɱ
뵽ݺݵҶǳҧгݵغСӣ϶ҵ䣬ţ飬ڣս½˶Ҫ
죡һӿռͨڴ
һ˲䣬Ҷǳеһļ£·ռͨһǳֲĴڣض
ǣʦ𣡡æصͷ漴ٶԡ
ʦǱǵλս
Ҷǳһݡ
漴Ҷǳųеˡ
ӣʱеȻʶˡ
Ǻǣ𣬺þò˵Ц
ߣӣȻй¶̫ˣԶˣߵ
˵˵Ҳ֪Զˡ
㡭ʱŭˣо֪
˲Ǵõ󷨣漴
ۣƬ̺һѪɫһ԰ס
ǰҶǳæסˡ
û£˰˰֣漴˵󷨻֧ʮ꣬ʮ󣬿¾͵סλսˣ׼
Ҷǳ˰ɣֻʮˣȵʮʦ٣ڡʱ˵
Ҷǳ俴һۣ漴뿪
·ϣҶǳѯʵǰֻ֧ʮ𣿡
ţˣҵ㲻д˵˵ͷ漴ѵȻȥǲλڴ˵أֹĳ˺ԱһΣǾԴݻõˡ
ףҶǳ˵ͷͬʱЩڣܵӦõһʱǲ
Ҳû취Ԫ࣬ƽû¶ڳ˯˭ɵôװ˷ԪҶǳǰûʸ
ʮֻ꣬ʮʱ䣬ʮڳΪս񡣡˶Ҷǳ˵ҵ㣬λսӦһλս񣬲һս½ͻܵս½ֻܷӳһսʵʱֻҪΪս񣬾ܶԿ


811 ׳
ʮڳΪս
ҶǳԲɵЦսô׽ôǧôûµս
һʱ䣬Ҷǳеգʮ̫ˡ
ֻܼʮ꣬ͱƵҶǳòʮڳΪս
˼֮䣬ѾصʥǣȻص¥ܲ
ˣҶǳͨصѧԺ
ʱѧԺ׼ʰ뿪磬Ҷǳ㶼ֹͣж᳤᳤ѧԺ߲׷ӭ˹
Ժ׷ʲôˣĻ᳤ʵ
Ҷǳһһ˵
֪ʮ󣬵սҪ˵Ϣ˶еޱȵǣһݡ
ͣ룬ָһᴦҶǳ˵գ˴ϢҶҡ
һȥѧԺҲָ
úҶ޵Ըˡ
Ҷǳͬս½ǿߣټϲǰսҵƣս½ռݳȻĵλҶ޵ǿսҵļҶǳҪһҶԺ
ҶԺ˵սʮ٣𣿡Ҷ޵Щǵʵ
Ҷǳͷ˸һȥ鿴ˣӦú
ǾûˣҶ޵̾ŲߣȻ˵ʮ꣬Ǿһʮꡣֻǲ֪ε˽٣Ǹǻ
˺г»ǣҶңһʮʱ䣬δزʱڳΪս񡣵ΪԷ⣬ҶõǲλֹԱݻ󷨡Ҷǳ˵
λ񡭡Ҷ޵üͷԪͲ࣬ƽû¶Ҫ˯ӳԪλǿ϶ܳ˯Ǿ͵λķʮԪ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ҶҵһЩ񣬴ҲӵмʮԪѡ
Ҳս½ĳ̬
Ͼﵽ˰񾳽磬ҪķѺܳʱ䣬ʣµʱȻ̫ࡣ
ҶǳҶ޵ΣѵӣҲ֪ۺܴŲѧԺİȥվҶҵˣ˸취Ҷҡ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷǳйâһһɢſֲɱ¾ϢͬħŭԩڲҽУư硣
ҵҶ޵ɫһϳ
ҶǳеҶ޵˵ǲλԺҶҵˡ
û⣡Ҷ޵ԥص˵ͷ
мۣ޼ۡ
ҶҵʵԺ󻹻аͲһˣûеսǲӵµġ
һļֵԶԶλ
Ҷ޵ҶҵİҲԸΪһԼ
Ǿôˣһʲô¥ϢңҶǳ漴˵
ţҶ޵˵ͷ漴ǡ
ҶǳûͣȥˣΪӣҪ뿪һʱ䡣
ʮҪΪս̫ˣҶǳֻѡƴһƴ
Ҷǳֱӳȥ˺⣬Ȼһ·ٷУִ
ֹ˼£Ҷǳ޵ױ
ҶֵܣˡױӴ϶ЦݣȻٴμҶǳܿġ
״磡ҶǳҲܸˣԴë֮Ѿˡ
ǿˣǲ˼鰡ױҶǳǿ󣬲ɵ̾
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦҵѾﵽ˲֮Բ磬Ҫȥ׳һˣܲͻƵѪ硣
ǿǴ˵пսεôͻƵģ츳ȺҲԳɹױп漴Ҷǳǰ׳ء
ҲֻԿϾڵǿȣҲֻ׳زܸһЩĥˡҶǳ̾
ױԵ˵ͷ˵˵ҲԣǿȣԳȥ׳ص
ţҶǳͷ׳أ׼̽һ̽׳ص
ٶȺܿ죬ºߵִ׳ء
ǰ񱩵׳أҶǳױ˫˫̤У޾׵û
ǳǿһ·ֱײ׵Ӱ졣
ֱһ·嵽ɫűһЩε׵絲סˡ
׵绯һ޵񽣳ɱױܵΧ޷ǰĿǰҲֻڴ˵ĥԼ
ױ磬ˣ
Ҷǳһ漴֮Բ׳صǰ
𣡡Ȼһ
һ̣Ҷǳһͷ޴ɫɱ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ε׵粻ǻûˣǱ仯޵ˡ
֮⣬зˡǡ׻ޣ׷׻γΧҶǳɱ


812 ʧս
䣡
ҶǳӶ˫ȭɫĹâųϯ׳أһӴ֮бһͷͷǿޡ
Щֻ׵ûʵǵʵǳǿһӵųԽͨʵЩħսʵ࣬ҶǳҲ˶١
ֻǼֻޣҶǳӦΧɱԽԽ࣬ҶǳҲоѹ޴
ҶǳҪЧҪΣжĥ
ȻѾﵽս𾳽磬ǾΪսкԶһξ룬׼ԼͻƵѪΡ
ʮʱ䲻׳Ϊս񣬵ȴп̤ѪΣȻս񾳽磬ȴͬӵսԿʵԱٵսɱ
ԣҶǳ׳أڴ˵ĥ
飡
ɫУҶǳһǰȫ䣬⡣ҵȭâһſ̫˫ֵ趯׺֮ը졣
ױӰ𽥱Ҷǳһһεؽӽ׳ص׵ӿˣ޳Ⱥӵɱ
úҶǳһɽԼײһ׵繹ɵľ޴ɽ壬ǳΰư硣
ۣ
һײҶǳѪɣоȫͷ·ˣؿڶײİȥ
ˡҶǳɫһ䣬æˣֱ˵ױߣŻ˿
漴Ĳ֮ϵƻָãҶǳ̧Ųһ׳ء
ҶǳҲŲϵصĥԽԽǿ
ֻɱڲ֮Բ硣
Ҷǳûз׳ĥ

ʱתȥˡ
Ҷǳɫһȭһȭǰײľ޴ɽ壬Χ׵Ҳһȭȭɱ
ǰǿˣаһȭܺһ񣬹ٶİҲĶ֣ѾȫԽ˰Σ޽ӽսˡ
ֻڲ֮Բ磬Ҷǳܲ⣬ԼѾǿˣΪλûͻƵѪ磿
ϧս½ʷϣѪǿߵҲûǰǵ¼ҶǳοһֻԼȥȥ߳һͨѪĴ·
䣡
Ҷǳ׳֮ĥֻҪܼǿһֱڴ˵أֱԼﵽޡ
Ҷǳļ룬׳е׵ԽԽ£׵ɽ֮Ҷǳֿһ޴׵ǳأһ޴ΰħײ
һҶǳ˵úܲأݻ˴룬㶼ױƴȻȥˡ
֮ĻָǳˣǵҶǳ磬ݻ˴룬ܿҲͻָ
ʱ䣬ҶǳһֱĥֱԵסЩħ׵ǳصײ֮ٴ׳ء
һǳΪһٿɫ׳ص
ֻǣ֮Ҷǳסˡ
ǡռͨҶǳɴ۾𾪵ؿǰ
Ϊ׳صȻһռͨĵģͬĺɫĿռͨһ
ҪǣռͨΧҶǳľ޴ʯڴˡ
ЩʯϣҶǳϤ֣ЩĻ
ҷֵĵռͨǰռͨѾҷӡˣһռͨӦþǴ˵߲ͨͨ𡣡
ԭǴ뿪ˣҲգҾսԵĽŲ
ǳսҶһֱžսĴ˵ԭ˴˵أ𶼽ռͨôҲ뿪ˡ
ұսˣ

ٿʯս½ʷϣ˼λսǶǴռͨ뿪ս½ġ
һжѾˣԭս½ս񣬶ǴӴ˵뿪ս½ѹһʧˡ
֪ռͨͨ½𣿡Ҷǳ˼
²ռͨӦòͨ½Ͼʣȥ½϶֮ⶼһȥˣȥ½϶Ѿ½˲֪˲ˡ
ڴ֮ǰҶǳü˵Ϣ߲û½ŵ˵Ϣ˵Ӧûн½
ü˵ܴгǧս½һС磬ôҲս½һĴ磬Ӧȥһ½ȼĴ硣
ҶǳΪԼ²кܴļʡ


813 
׳Ҷǳ鿴Ŵ˵صһʯ֪ս񣬳˴ս⣬˶Ǵռͨ뿪ġ
ǰʮǰǰսҲˡ
׳赲ֻսִܵ˵أѹôû֪Щսʧܡ
Ҷǳп
һȦЩʯ֮㷵׳ء
׳ɿޱȣҶǳѾûʲôвˣԭ·أױ
ҶֵܣױҶǳʱԽԽǿˣҿȥɣ֪ʲô
ǺǣһܣһܹȥʱһҪȥҶǳ΢΢һЦû˵ռͨĴڣΪױ֪ҲûãûʵִҲֻԶۡ
㻹ӡױһЦá
Ҷǳ˰֣˵Ѿûʲôôˣҹȥʮˣҵûȥ
ãпռǵ޵ңױ˵ͷ
ݣҶǳ׳أ뿪ս½
صս½֮Ҷǳȥ鿴һ£ռͨûʲô֮ŸϻѧԺ
ʮʱ䣬Ҷǳ˵ֻգ۶ǶѧԺ˵ȴһپķչڡ
ҶǳĸӦ£ѧԺѧԱӿֳ˲ǿߣǰɡǶѾΪսʣʵ֮ǿЩսҵʥӲ
Ѿ̤߽ѧԺѧԱеǿߣΪսʲΣս½һպ
ҶǳԴ˲⣬ϾѧԺӵԼҡ׼ҡҡлҡҵսҵԴԽκһ
ټĵҩЩѧԺѧԱֻҪ΢е츳ʵͻͽ
Ժ
ɽҶǳʱӭ
ҶǳɽǱܴ󣬿ԶһЩʵ𵤺񵤣̤ս𾳽硣
ţѧԺص󡣡ɽ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷǰʢѧԺпԺͽħǰ֪ѧԺڵһο
ԺǶѧԺһ죡ɽЦ˵ипѣǰֻѧԺΪѧԺ֮ףδѧԺܹվս½۷壬ԽЩսңֱ漣
һУǰ˴ġ
ɽҶǳ뿪ıӰвɵþ岻ѡ
Ҷǳܹӷ֮𣬴ﵽһѾԶԶԽ˽ʺԲ
ʵϣս½УҶǳһ񻰣һŵ漣

صԼסദ˼죬Ҷǳٶȱչ
ʮʱ䣬Ѿȥʮֻ꣬ʣ¶ʮˡ
Ҷǳòÿһһ룬Լʵ
棬Ѿﵽ˼£Ҳ޷һˡ
ҶǳãԼھͲһܹѪΣҪԵǿܹõġ
ԣĶʮ꣬Ҷǳ׼ԼΪ塣
սҵԴҶǳҲ˷ѣֱӴһһ߷ϡ
ʱһȥһ֮Ҷǳʹﵽ˾ս۷塣
֮Ҷǳر졷˵ھŲ㣬ȫԵս½Ĵ֮ʵ֮ǿﵽһֲĳ̶ȡ
ħǼսҶǳԼһĹȥɱǡ
ʵѾԶԶ˰񾳽磬ٸǧҶǳаսܡ
޷սȼ硣
ʮǰĳԱը½ʵǿˣǲս
Ҷǳڳֻ޽ӽսΡ
չصĵ꣬Ҷǳʼ޷ʮսΣˡ
֮Ҷǳɽ˵ȥһлңлҵнӡһ飬Ȼҡ
лһӦ𣿡ɽһ
Ҷǳ˵ǲӦҾԼȥȡ
һӦġɽһ£漴ЦˣҶǳԼȥȡǾͲôˡ
ˣսңҪǶҶǳ˵
ɽ˵ͷЦˣҪнΪһ¯ԼĽ԰ɣ
ţҶǳ˵ͷΪﵽƿֻ򽣹ںʹԪնˣȡŽһ壬ΪԼսĻʯ
ǴԪնһھŲ㣬ܽеȰ弫ٽΪߵȰԪôʵ϶һ¥
꽣ܹڰ񾳽ս棬ڲ˴Ԫն򽣹ڣټϲ֮Բѵ罣


814 ռ
Ҷǳռ½һ䶯ûκִлҶԹԽˣһŶ١
ңϢȥԽԽսΪıҪҶǳ
˭֪Ҷǳٷ֮ٻΪսʱ򲻳ûύҶǳǲǰ׳
ʱ䣬Ҷǳõս½еĽ
ʱ䣬ҶǳһһŵزЩЩ򽣹ڡ
ս½Ľ̫ˣҶǳԺܸߣҲʮʱ䣬ŽЩ򽣹ڡ
򽣹ŽѧڱҶǳԲ磬ԪնҲںϡ
ⲻҶǳ֮һǿĽս½
һ̣ս½еĽڲԷʣָѧԺڵķ
򽣳
˶ˡ
ֳǰδУе˻ΪսˣֻһЩʵǿˣŲµҶǳ
ʱҶǳĽﵽ콣۷壬񽣾Ҳֻ벽֮ң
ӴĽ⣬ս½˶о˾޴ѹ·ԼͷϿպһ񽣡

ʵԽԽǿˣ
Ҷ磬Ҷ޵Ҷվһ𣬿ѧԺķ˶ܸп֡
ҵľǴģҿ㣬ȻţͱҸϳҶҡҶۿЦ˿̵ʶԼĴ
Ҷ޵̾ϧǻǽϳȥˣħʱûѡͷû뿪Ҷңվս½۷ͲѧԺҶҡ
ҶҲ̾Ϣ

¥
ţǿĽ֮˶һ
Ҫս񾳽𣿡̲סʵ
ҡҡͷڽϴﵽ콣۷壬֮Ҳֻ벽֮ңϧȥ˶ʮֻ꣬ʣ꣬Ҳ֪ܲͻһƿΪս񡣡
ԳɹԴʶ֮һֱڴ漣˵
ɣ˸ĪĹâ˵ս½ҶΨӣȴ͸Ĺȥδ·ǲͬһʱգ׽͸
ʲôţ˵֪ģսҲܹһЩ˿ҶǳڻȲսء
֮⣬ߵǸŮˣҲ͸顣˺Ȼüͷ·˼ʲô
Ůˣһ㶣漴ɵָһССսʣŶˣ񵤵İ£Ѿս𾳽磬츳ֻ棬沢ûʲô츳㾹Ȼ㲻δ
˳δĹȥҶ޷㡣
ʲôɴ۾Щŵ˵ǰһСͨ壬㲻
ҡҡͷǴ¥ѼϢӶ֪Ҹ㲻ҶǳһʱգŶˣǾȺ½һ֪ģֻս½˺½˲ս½Ҿ޷ˡ
⡭Ҳ̫˼ˡɻҶǳ˵Ǳޣδϴ漣ţ޷㻹˵ùȥǸҿͨͨһ츳⣬ûʲôرİô㶼޷㡣
ͨ˳Ҳͨվûۼлȥܹҿʲô
ٹʱ䣬ǵսٵӣڻǰһεĽѸζȹһۡ
Ц˵㲻õģи߸ӶţεĽˣоգƾҶǳϡԹΪս񶼲ףҲεĽѣҶǳĿ飬ɹˣܹΪս񡣡
ϣ˰ɡ̾

ѧԺ
Ҷǳս½нΪһ¯ʹԼ򽣹ڴﵽԲ磬ͬʱԪնںϡ
Ž߾ѧں֮󣬳ΪһµĽѧҶǳΪռ
֮Խ֣ΪҶǳеĽѾУԲˡռ֡
ţΪʲôֺ֮Ϥĸо
ҶǳԼ´Ľ֮󣬺Ȼһһʶĸоӿͷ
ûж룬ռ
ΪġռôԲϾ򽣹ȻԲˣǴԪնȴֻ˵ڰ˲㣬һھŲ㣬ֻ˵ھŲĴԪնô򽣹ں֮󣬲ŻγԲġռ
սս½ֻʣʱˣҶǳ˷ʱ䣬һ˼زռŬԲ


815 Ѫޱ
ֹȥʱ䡭Ҷǳ
ռһɣҶǳˣ񵤵İ£ܿ˴ԪնھŲ㣬ԼġռԲ硣
ʱ˿̣ҶǳоԼĽһ¥ֻ֮һĤˣ·ʱпͻơ
ҵİڽ˴Ԫ
Ҷǳ߳չ֮أϲɫ
ԲȻϲĻǰĽ
еȰ弫ٽΪߵȰԪ
괴ۣҶǳﱻ֤ʵˡ
ü˵ֻҪ˸ߵȰ壬ԺΪս񣬱λҼЩȱݣҲԸȺ½ˡҶǳ뵽
˿ҶǳԴԪǲĸ˵˵һԴգ˲ƶ
ڴʱɽһϤӰҴҸ
ϻʣҶǳ۾һУʱϳˡ
λ޺İҶǳİ£Ѿư޺ˣô˿¶һźͿ־ɫ
Ҷǳӭȥ
ԺϻǰҪ㣡ɽæ˵
ϻʱѾ̲ס˵Ҷϵܣˣ޺ˣѪ̫Ѫֲ̫ˣ޺޶ɱˡ
һ˵ĺܼٺܿ죬ִ֮䣬Щ˵ˡ
ͣͣͣż˵׷ʲôҶǳЦ
ϻҲ֪Լ̫żˣһż˵֪ðѪҺ޺ˣսϵǿ⣬ʣµ޶Ѿˣ޺һƬѪǵءµǣЩѪҺǳӣҹѾʼӵǳˡ
ѪҺҶǳһͻȻ뵽ǿֻʯףЩѪҺƺֻʯðģֻЩѪҺǱ֮ѵѾӳ
Ҷǳв⣬ϻʣ˵ߣȹȥ
û뿪ѧԺ͸ˣϻһԵúż
ҶǳһʵǹЩѪҺ飿
㿴Աߵϻһۣʱ֪ϻʽϢѾҶǳ˵ͷѪҺѾӵǳϻѣǸսҵ˶ѾǳˣûʲôʧǰЩѪҺӵٶȣҪ˼꣬ͻӵս½ʱһѡ
Ҷǳüͷ黹ûнֳֹ飬ս½Ƕ֮ﰡˣ㵽ʲô𣿡
ҡͷ¥㲻ЩѪҺǲ²ӦúеǿֻʯйأʯеҪˡ
ˣǻȥһɣҶǳƬ̣˵
Ҳã˵ͷ漴׼Ŵȥ
ڴʱһǿĽҶǳϱ
ߴ󣡡
Ҷǳͺһ漴չֳռһ޴ĽâƵ˺ǰգֳһ޴Ŀռѷ졣
ҽɣҶǳסϻʺ㣬һ˿ռѷ֮Уʧ
⡭⡭ɽлָԭգʱɴ۾š
ôգ֮䣬Ҷǳ˾ʧˡ
ʲô
˵е˲

ৣ
ǳϿգӰȻ֣Ҷǳϻˡ
ȻѾ˲ˣҾҲ̣ԶͿԵִǳ˲ƼΣ߱ս½ҶǳϤĺ򣬶ʱϲɫ
Աߵϻʣȴһ𾪣ɴ۾Щš
⡭ǳЩȷ˵
ҶϵܡϻҲ˵ˡ
𾪵ӣҶǳЦ˵˸ߵȰԪ˲ƣû뵽һ˲ƵǳҲǳҵϡ
˵е˲ƶ˻ϻʵһ𺳡
սκβˣ֮󣬱ϲɫ
вƺõˡ
ţЩѪҺôôࣿ
ʱҶǳѾ棬űɺѪҺǵǳвɵ𾪲ѡ
ǳжôӴ޺жôӴ
Ҷǳûнսʱɹȥͺķ˴ʱ䣬ͿƬжôӴ
ڣҶǳһȥ󺣶·ѪҺǣֲ̫ˡ
ս½ϵ鶼ɱˣҲδܹۼôѪҺɡ
ߣȥ￴Ҷǳɫأٴʩչռϻ˲뿪˵ء
úϿա
ĺڷֹ˵ĺˮһϵðѪЩѪҺͳս½ķϯȥ
Ȼ㿴·ĺ棬
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ȷӿֳˣǿֻʯйأȥ
̫Σˣһæֹ
ģµġҶǳ˵գ̫סȫȥ


816 ս
Ҷǳ·Ѫǵĺ棬ǵõսЩѪҺ֮Уɴ˿ɼЩѪҺ
Ҷǳȣ˵һʵﵽ޽ӽսĲΣӵеҲԴгġ
ЩѪҺѵܱ
Ҷǳ̫𣬻Ǳ뺣ף޾ѪҺûҶǳԸܵЩѪҺǿĸʴԣսܸʴ
µûдЩѪҺȻȴȲ̫ЩѪҺκβ
ǣҶǳٵģӿٶȣǱȥ
һǱҶǳеޱ𺳣Ϊ׶Ǿĵģʯͷ֮⣬ʲôﶼûС
ʲô㰡ްްݰȫʧˡ
ֱһƬ
ȻеﶼЩѪҺˡ
ÿµѪҺսѪҺҲûôֲɣҶǳ𾪵ͬʱҲɻ
ѪȻǿ󣬵Ҳǿ̶ֳȡ
ңѪ൱ҩܹ˻ڶͨѪҲʥҩǱǰЩѪҺôаֲ
ҶǳǰЩѪҺħѪ
ʵϣҶǳļǱԽ϶ЩѪҺħѪˡ
ΪԽǽӽҶǳѪҺѾɺɫΪɫˣ͸аħԲѪħѪ
ţ
ҶǳڵִڣĺѾʧˣȡ֮һ޴ĶѨӿֳ಻ĺɫħѪ
ЩɫħѪȻʼѹҶǳϵ̫𣬱ƵҶǳųʣµ𣬼ܹ֮֮⡣
е𾪣ҶǳСؽ磬綼ˣһﶼˡ
ԭȵһƬԭʼɭòﻨ㣬޳СڣʣһƬɽʯټأһƬҰһ˿ɫ
ǿֻʯأ
ҶǳɫصؼǰС
ú˵ʯ׵ɽҲǵʾסĵط
ڿǿֻʯףʯԱߣȻ̧ˡ
Ůе֮ɫȲŮĻݾ绪
ˣ棬ҶǳƻΪĳսҵӡ
Ǵ˿ֻ̧̣ˣĿͣޱ飬·ʧȥ꣬ͬһܡ
ţҾȻ͸ǵΪȻҶǳɫɵص۾
ǰ̧˵ΪȻ͸ôܣ
ѲǶս
ս̧Źײġôʯе˻˭
ҶǳһƬһҶǳλǰ֪λǰմ
Ҵ⣬ǰ˵̫ˡ
˵
ֻǰ̧ޱ飬ûж࿴Ҷǳһֻ̧ۣʯף̤նٶȷǳ
䣡
ڴʱҶǳоϵĴҴһɽ
ս񡭡ս񡭡ءǴе鴫Եúֺܼܱˡ
أ
һ̣ط˳Ņ̀ʯ׵ӡ
ʲôǴս񣿡Ҷǳŵصɴ۾
̫ˣǰӣȻʧǧĴսҪǴ˳ȥս½ڵġ
Ҷǳûлɴ񱮣Ͼ񱮸˴սһӣ˭ϴˣΨ񱮲ϴ
ৣ
ǰԭޱӣڴ񱮷֮󣬴͵ƺЩһЩתͷ˴񱮣ôؿš
ս񡭡񱮼ط˹Ҫӡ
ʱƺָһЩǣ䣬һƬ󺣡
񱮡һ̾漴һ֣һǿˣصҶǳߡ
ǡߡɫȻŤ·ھʲôʹࡣ
սǴս񣿡Ҷǳ̲סʵϾʵ̫ˡ
ߡӻ˵ʱֻʯͻȻһɿֲĺɫħѪӿ
һ̣ӵ˴ͣޱ飬̧ʯǰ
ߣҶǳץס񱮣Ͻ뿪磬Ϊղǿʯʱоһ˫עĺë·ʱĿܡ
ָоֲ̫ˡ
ŵҶǳæӳ硣

Ҷǳ档
ôˣϻӭ
Ҷǳʵսò˭֪
û뵽Ҷǳһ£˵ЩսӦö֪ɣϾǴоԶ϶ŴսĻ񡣡
ߣȥҶңҶǳ˺ѿռ䣬뿪˵ء


817 
ҶҾԶҶǳ˲ΣŵִҶ硣ٶѾܿˣ˲
̫ϳϣҶҵ˷׷׶Ҷǳһͳ羴
Ҷҵ˶ʶҶǳԿҶǳûƾҶǳֱӽС
úҶ޵Ҷ۵õϢ˫˫ӭ
ʱͬգλҶҼӰڵúܵͣǵҶǳԸҶۣ˿̶ЦݣӭҶǳ
ҶԺʲô㾡ܷԸҶһ֮Ҷ޵ˬ˵ڴվҶǳߣҶǳֻδսĴȡ
ҶǳҶӦŴսĻ񣬶԰ɣ뿴šдս֪ĻҲһù
ս񣿡Ҷ޵Щɻ󣬲֪ҶǳΪͻȻǧǰĴս񣬲ҲûжʣϾͽȥûˡ
ҶҴоԶ˵սĻ񣬻һڵսҶҶ档
Ҷӵȥȡʱ䣬Ҷǳɨڳһۣ翴̧ǿֻʯأһһŮǷ·û꣬ĿͣܡҵĴ񱮷ӦһˣܾܿǧǰĴս񡣡
ʲô
ôܣ
˶ʱ
ҶǳϵһҶ޵һˣš
𾪵ǵõȥʱ򣬳ǿֻʯ⣬û̧˰
ҾͲˡҶǳҡҡͷ
ʱҶӵѾȡ
Ҷǳ򿪻۾һȻǴս񡣡ӣ翴Ǹӣһģһ
ԱߵŮӣҲ²һǴսĺ֪ϼ
ôôս񣬾ȻΪ̧ףҶš
ǿս񰡣λǺε磬ȻΪ̧ף˵ȥûš
Ҷ޵𾪵ϼҶˣսҲ˶ʧ˵׷ʲô飿
¸Դǿֻʯףʯ棬űսҪµ
սҪ¡һľ
˵սѾǿˡ
Դӵ֪½ĴںҲս֮ϣиߵĴڡ
ѵҲ½
ҶǳеĻ񣬿˵ȥ¸֪ˣܲʲô
֪ˣ˵ͷ漴̾漰սϵǿߣ¥ҲΪ
ͻȻһҶӵǰ
Ҷǳȵո˵ˣѵѾ㵽ʲô
룡Ҷ޵˻֣æ˵
һ˾ˣҶǳæӭȥǰȥأѾ̽ˣǿֻʯס
Ȳ˵ѧԺԲˡ˳
ʲôҶǳԾŭ˭ɵģ
̫ŭˣս½˭ҵ
ԱߵҶ޵ҲǳԾ˭ô׳գ˺
Ǳ˸ɵģǰԼͻȻԲѣѧԺҲ㣬ҵҡ
˳֪һ飬Ծ٣֪Ҷҡ
ԼԲѣҶǳɵɻ󣬲ڲǿʱ˺ѿռ䣬˲ƶȥ
⡭
Ҷ޵ҶǿͻȻʧҶǳˣʱɴ۾š
һԵЦҶԺѾ˸ߵȰԪԽ˲ơ
Ԫ˵ֻҪԪ壬ܹ˲ƣû뵽ġҶ̾
ҲȥѧԺҶ޵˵ȻҪҶǳôʱȻҪȥ
Ҳû飬ԶҶҵĴǰѧԺ

ʱҶǳѾϻѧԺ
һ£мѧԺĸ߲ת
ֱҶǳǲ
ʲô
Ҷǳһѯʣһ
˿̰ľϣƽһ˵ĺۼ
˿˵Ѿˣû˿ƣΨһر֮ڲϵ׳󣬶ٶȺܿ졣
ꣿҶǳ߹ȥʼֺ̽˵һڲϵ׳ţٶȾˣѾﵽս۷ˡ
ԱߵķϿΣͻȻ֮ԣǸ֮󣬾ͱˣ֮ǰûһס
Ҷǳʵʲô״˵ھβѣЩչȴûʱİ


818 ǰ
ѧԺҶǳ֮⣬ϵõӦ£ϾǰʦĸֶŮˣҶ츳ܸߵŮˣԱ˴˷ǳܡ
Ҷǳѯʣ㿴¡
һֱûʲô״ԡºȻüͷʲôæ˵ŴĸǰʼƺһЩֵΡ
ֵΣҶǳ¶ɻ
ԣֵΣµͷκϾ˼ҹΣ˵мĶһЩֵ顣
и˵εʲô𣿡Ҷǳʵ
µͷ˵ˣ˵εԼסһܴܴĹ֮УһźҵʱЦŶ˵ǿ϶ǳսΪսķˣ϶кܶź򡣡
ҶǳɵݸһЦ
¼˵ҡҡͷ˵Կ϶ﲻս½ΪпһƬ磬û̫Ҳûǡ
λ֣Ҷǳȵ
֮⣬һЩξ˵˳ƺǵȺΪħ壬ңƺһ㣬ţεһŹ塷ΪΣǵòǺһЩ϶ݡ
ʲô壿Ҷǳʱ𾪵վ
塷Źܣë֪⣬˶֪Ҳûи֪ôô֪ģ
һֿܣǱǰЩʵģʵǲΣ̺ڰеһЩ䣬˵ǰļ䡭
ˣ϶ԼǰëҶǳԼ
Ҷǳɵ뵽Լһľӣ澵ӿԿõǰһЩ棬ҲԿóǰ
̫ˣҶǳûеó澵ӣ˶ȥ
˶ûǻΪҶǳҪԼһ¡
ֱЩ뿪ӺҶǳó汻ѾõؾӣŰȥ
һ̣ؾ϶ʱ¶һЩ档
ֻ֮гŮӣȻͰһģһһŰ³ȹһźɫȹ
ŮӶˣѪɫ԰ףǰ³ȹŮ嶼ڲѺۣҪˡ
浽˾ʧˡ
Ҷǳû֣澵ȻԿõǰһЩ棬ǳݣֻܼǵǰǰһЩݻ档
ŮӦþ̬дǸȹŮӣεĽ㡣
ҶǳѾȷǾһЩǰļ䣬ǳ̣Ҷͨѵġ
Ӧø׳йأǰȻǿ겻׳ǰļҲָ
ĻӦòΣղŶԣҶǳ˿
漴Ҷǳ뿪ӣҵˡ
ǰǰ𣿡Ҷǳֱʵ
˺εȴ۾һУҶǳ²εǰ
һһЩǰļ䣡Ҷǳͷ
˳ʵһֱ˻ǰҵ֮漰ˣ˵ѭĳֹ죬ڤڤ֮עΨǿ߲˵ͨ˶ֻ֮ء
֪һֱһͷˣʵǧǰָͷˡҶǳȻ˵
Цŵͷһ㵽ˣȻĻΪ¥Ϊʼռᶨվߣ츳ҿ֮⣬оǻͷ˵Ķ顣
ԭˣҶǳȻ
˿ȻҲӦӵǰϾ飬ͬġ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ʵôһֱȫǰļ𣿡
ڿֿܣΪڲϵ׳󡣲ʵ޷֧ԽԽǿꡣ˵ӵĹܣڴڻ֮Уʵһҵı˵
Ҷǳü˵Ҫһֱȥ
˼˵ҵһֱ԰ǿȣֻҪǿȿ֧ס꣬ͻѡ
ֱﰡҶǳЦ
Ҳ½УЦ˵ʵӦø˲ŶԣϾ츳㣬ǲܳΪսģ꼸ꡣǿڵǰҪսҪǿܿͻᳬԽսʱԪǣһֱ㣬ɾһ
ǰҵѣҶǳ̾˵ûζ԰˵ȷһԵ


819 ˫
ħ塭塭еİϵţҶǳӦԽԽǿ󣬴ʱѾһЩˣһڼ׳󣬿ºܿ׷ˡ
Ҷǳ֪ԼǷӦøˣԽԽǿ󣬺ܿҪﵽս񾳽ˣԪҲӳǣԽǿҪԽǿ󣬷ͻһֱԲѡ
Ҷǳڵĵǰǿʲô̶ȣֻһǡǡǵսΣôȥ½ӦÿҵõһЩǿȡ
ǣﵽ˰ǡǣǳԽսΣôվ½۷壬Ҳ޷ҵǿˡ
ֻ԰˵ȴ֮⣬Ҳûİ취ˡ
һʱ䣬һֱǿţһݺﵽսΣǹ޵ѹԱߵҶǳеѹ֡
սε꣬ҿڻԲѣﲻսΣȻĻй¶Ϣɱˡһп֮ɫ
һӵ׷󣬾Ȼð˯֮дﵽˣЩĽˡ
˵õΪսģǵһο˯ųΪսģֱһ漣
Ҳ֤˰ǰǿ
ս񡭡û뵽һΪս񣡡Ҷǳ΢΢һЦѾͨˣȻڰԲѣֻҪΪսԪ࣬ԺһʱҲͶˡ
ˣǱߵΣҶǳ漴ʵ
ɫص˵õ󷨻֧һʱ䡣
һ𣿡ҶǳüͷڵʵԶԿսѾӵ˲ͨ޷սǰߡ
Ͼս½ôսٶȣҶǳӵ˦һս񡣸οҶǳҲӣĻѧԺô죿λսս½ͨ˶أ
ףǵðʵȥҲӵսʵС
ֻǣʣµһʱ䣬ʲô
εǿ˵һꡢʮʱ䣬գۼѣʵ
ҶԺֻǰƽһô˵һʱˣʮʱ䣬Ҳ˶ʵ
˺ȻָŰ˵Ҳ㣡
ҶǳԿ˰Ȼ֮ɫ
΢΢ЦǷޣһ壬ǻĻôǵ϶ܣƣϬһͨ˵ıˡһŹ˫ޣԽǿ꣬Ҳ
Ҷǳü˫ޣⲻʲôõĺɣ
ģ˫޲ʲôаĹ԰ֲǿ꣬СʲôӰ졣ҡͷ
ǾͺãҶǳ˵ͷ漴õ˫޵Ĺ㿪ʼ
ڿ˫޵ŹҪ֮ҶǳЩΣΪŹҪ˴ڻ֮УûʲôϾͰǷޣķûʲô˵ġ
ǣڰԲѡЩУܾúΡ
˹Ҳ֪ڸҶǳ֮󣬾ϸǷ¥ˡ
ľϻԲѵİҶǳһЦҲûоãϾϷˣֲǵһ飬ֻЩѡ
ʡ֡
˫޵ĹҶǳľﵽͬһƵʣҲ𽥸ָܵ꣬ӦԽԽ·˵ںϵһһַǳĸо
˫ݣ˫ݣָоǿǧ򱶡
Ͼһ˵Ϊеġ
˫ݵһ˲䣬ҶǳܵǰͰĵεΣǱ˴˵ļ䶼Щںϡ
ڻ֮Уڰ֮УҶǳȴܵһЩһЩ϶Ļ档
Щ棬ЩҶǳѾؾ濴ģЩȴǵһμ
ȷһ㣬ѩԹħ壬ħһǿȺλڻ硣
ҶǳͲˣϾҲֻǾһǰļ䣬ܹ˫޴ݸҶǳĻ͸ˡ
ҶǳЩݵĻ֮Уȴǵ֪ս½ԭ
ǵĿģΪѰҡ塷Ź
ƺŹڻ綼һλǿߵĹص֪ˡ塷䣬һ·׷Ѱ
׷ѰŹĲֻãˣṦ;УҲˡ
ս½һչس˯һս½ֻת


820 
ǰܵȻأս½ֻ˼áɺϵǣһ׻ָǾͷ˾ǰ
˫ڼҶǳŰ꣬ͷ·һͨǳΧ̫Աһ˵궼ůĹâһůĸоȫ
ܵǿҶǳҲڻ׳ֻǿٶԶԶȲϰǿٶȣ˫ͬն
˵һͰˮһͰˮӣôҶǳһˮһˮӡ
ܱȲϰǿٶȣٶҲҶǳϲˣҪ֪Լ֪ҪŻЧ
Ͱ˫һΣʡȴʮĿޣжôĻ
ӣҶǳһռһߺͰ˫ޡ
򽣹ںʹԪնںϣĳַ˵ﵽһԲľ磬ǶںϺġռʵֻһʼ
ͺñս½˵ս񾳽磬Բˣﵽ۷塣Ƕ½˵ս񾳽ֻǿʼ滹иľ硣
ҶǳԴġռҲˣŽѧѾﵽ񼶲Σ򣬾ͻӿֳԽԽĽ
ޱߣĽҿҪһȥ򣡡
Ҷǳипѡ
ռȻԴģҲû뵽ռôĺޱߡ
ҶǳѧϰսǺ͡ռԶ
ΪЩսм޵ģһ¥Կõ۷塣ռȴͬδ֪ǿգȫ߽硣
ɰٴ£
һ׳ҶǳԡռĸԽԽ
ʱҶǳռѾԽơȭժ֡ӡЩսˡ
һӳѣշ飬ǧﶼܻɱˡ
ԼսʺԼģȻûдҶǳâ
ڵʵѾ˼ǰĽˡ
ܹսսҲаպս֡

һʱת۹ȥˡ
䣡
һ죬һɿµ겨Ӱͷų˲ϯս½
ս½飬оԼڲ·һ飬ڸǡ
ߵҶǳǸ˶ѹڵϣվվ
áǿ꣡Ҷǳ־ǡ
ϲǣѾԽս񾳽磬ﵽһµĲΡһԪҲ֪˶٣ƻһ궼⡣
ǵǣôǿʲôðǿ
ֻҪţҾһа취ѣҶǳҧһƬᶨ
ţϣ
Ҷǳ˿̶ޱߵĶΪڵڳԽսĲε
䡭
ս½Űš
ǳԽǿˣԽܸܵõ
ּ꣬Щ˵ȴûʲôܣ෢ս½Ȼһ硣
ǶЩսϵ˵ȴ·һɽһѹԼϣһڵϣǹڵϣ֮վ
һ죬ս½ע֮С
е˻ΪҶǳΪսˡ
Ȼ˵ףսҲôֲ
Ͼֱֲվսǰ

޺޾Ѫ֮УľګŮ̧һʯףѪ֮з˳
ãڻָˣһʯ֮д
Ҷǳڴˣһ𾪵޷ʯشڣȻǰĽ㡣
أ
Ȼʯ׹׸𿪣һֻϸ۵ƣʯ֮ץգ̽δ֪Ŀռ֮С
ͬʱѧԺϿգһֻϸ۵ͻȻ٣˺ڣֱӳŰڵץȥ
ʲô
ҶǳʱɱǹǿѹڵϣȻһֻץʱ־ŭ
֣Ҷǳŭ۾ˣΪֻץס˰ѰĿռ䡣

Ҷǳŭš
ŰֵֻʧҶǳڿվһԾϸ߿գеɫؽһ貵Ľ⣬綼г롣
Ҷǳ˽ȥ
ݣ
һ̣Ҷǳ޺Ͽգʱ˱սϼ̧ŵǿֻʯףԼʯ׵ֻơ
ռ
Ҷǳһɫؽ貵ĹâеһƬк£ֲĽâնǰİơ


821 ʯ
һǳҫۣҶǳ۷һľķŭǿ־ȫһռ
һ˺˿ռ䣬ᴩʱգ·Զʱռ䶼ƣɢͬһޱߵƥϢ
ʱ˿̣Ҷǳаս
ߣ
һߴֻʯд
һ̣սˣĿͣȴӿֳ˿ֲϢŵѹ£նһ·ˡ
ӡ
Ҷǳ۾һУҲһУ̾ϳˡӡûдսôǿ󣬱Ͼһλս
¡¡
ǧĴսҶǳ治ɫдһǰľģеɫؽƲ񷣬貵ĽأƥĽâ˺ǿ
أ
ǰһƬѿ
ֲıըϯ
ս˿ǿֲıը޷ֻʯס
һߵҶǳȴɳȥ̾ͷ˻
ΪѾִֻʯ֮С
㵽˭ΪҵҶǳ˫죬ϵĽֱ˺˲񷡣
ڱıԵˡ

ʯ֮дһЦ䳹ǣҵɱ⡣
أ
Ȼʯ׹׸𿪣һͰһģĺṲ̊˫ɭضҶǳ
ԣ㡭ѵǰĽ㣡Ҷǳϵŭʧˣȡ֮֮ɫ
ʱһֱͰ˫ޣõ˰һǰ䣬ԶͰĳһģһİǳϤ
Ȼ֪ҡŮɱصҶǳõ֮иܵϢ˫ˣ
Ҷǳû˵ѣ˵ͷ
Ů۾һɣ쵶ʱնҶǳֱֻ۶նˡ
ҶǳҺһɳȥɷ˻˫ڿٻָ
Ĳ֮ﵽԲ磬ָٶҲܾˡ
ֻǰŮ̫ǿˣһܹɱʵս֪ǿ˶ٱ
㡭ŮӶȻͷȴǰʯ֮з˳Ѿ۾ֻ˵ʷ˺ܴı仯
ղţǰˣŮӾֱɱҶǳǽеҶǳֱֻۡ
㣬ҵķ䣬ֻʸ߹Ů
ˣҶǳŰʱ־ϲ
ЦŶҶǳ˵ͷ
ŮŭЦãڿʲôЦڴ˵ֻ˼ʮ֪꣬йٸѲǶҵķ
ҶǳЩΡ
ȷ˵
һֻôΣϵӣô㣿
ҲҶǳǰǰǰҲء
Ҷǳδ͹ȥֻڣڰӣǾӣǰ˭
㣬ҵѾڼʮǰݻˣڴ˵ֻؼʮҵꡣҵһֱڳ˯֮Уʵҵ壬ǾˡѶ޹ء
Ůӣ˵ҶֻķҲûκιϵҾ˫ޣʹǵ֮жб˴˵ӡѾΪ£ٴǧҲı䲻ˡ
ߣŮһʵҲԸղŵ֪ҶǳͰ˫ޣŻôŭ
ǲڴʱϳһѺۣ粣һ
Ҷǳʱһ
Ůɫһ䣬Űҳ֣̫Сˣ֧Ųס꣬㻹ҪǿѣҪֲסˡ죬ʯ֮УھʹعȺ
㣬㲻Ҫ˺ҷһһӵġźŮӡ
ŮԴŭⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ڵңʲô㲻ֻ֪һˣˣҲֻϣΪܹһ𣿡
Ҳǿ˵㣬ˣǻΪϵĴۣۡһСķˡǹħУ񻹹ŵ۵Ļ¼㲻֪ܲ
Ůߵ۴ڻΣѵʱһʱǰϿԱġ
ˣǺŮӻϵɱ⣬ؿҶǳõķϣҾΣȰ㻹ǹԹãֻʹһӡ
Ҷǳûǵؿ㡭
Ҷ磬ģҵѾ׻ָǰľ磬磬ȥҲ£ѾĲһǧ꣬һҶ
Ҷǳ˵ҪȺȥһߣҲ֪ȥ£һڻ㣬һҪħҡ
ҴӦ㣬һȥ㣡Ҷǳҧ˵ͷڵԤϵĺöˣٿȷްԪޣٵˡ


822 ʮǼ
Իһǧꡢһ꣬𡭡ľ磬Ҷǳеޱ𺳣ͬʱһĵļΪս֮ϻи߸Ӻ嫵ľ磬ֵһȥ׷
ңڿԳ׷׷Լ֮ˣϾٵİԪˡ
ʱı룬ֻΪԺۣҶǳһ˿ǣеˣΪѾǰ棬һǺǰǰǰ档
ˣãϽʯףʱ䲻ˣҪ̻عȺŮЩͷشߴٵ
˵ͷ漴Ҷǳ˵Ҷ磬úñأһġ޷Ҳûϵȥ㣬ʱˣֻתҲҵ㡣
ģһȥġҶǳĿᶨ˵
΢΢һЦ漴ɻʯס
Ҷǳһ۰·ҪӰ¼ԼԺУϾ֪һ𣬺ܾܿǧˡ
СӣϽɣŮӿصʯף漴Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳȭĽ㣬ղˡ
ߣõģ֪ҵĶֻˣݲ̫עһȰ㻹ֵĺãһʹࡣŮߵ
ҶǳĿᶨ˵Ҳ֣ⲻΪûҲȥ磬Ϊ׷߾硣
߾磿Ǻǣ㻹룬֪ʲô𣿡ŮӿҶǳЦ֮ɫս½ĵȼ֣սʿĲ࣬ҵĲ֮࣬Ĳ࣬սʿս֮ĻҪ󣬴㲻󡣡
ʲôҶǳԾԭΪŮǳԽս񾳽磬ﵽ˺ʹ˵в̴ʼ˲һΣĿƺԽսüΣôܣ
Сӣб磬Ҿ֧һ𡣲ǲܵģԶҲ硣ŮӼЦһ漴Ҳɽʯ֮С
䣡ʯ׹׸Ǹϣսϼ̧ʯ׼뿪
Ҷǳæ˵֪λε㣿֪ܷŹǣ
ָǴսϼ
ߣʲôҲǰָֻšŮӱʯ֮д
ܿʹ˳Ҷģһչ˵ģǸҽҲһԵĺˡ
ãұ죡ŮӴһ漴ʯ֮бһɿֱֲӻ˿ռ䣬С
Ҷǳоⱬ䣬͸Ŀռ䳯濴ȥȴһƬޣƬռ̫ˣͷ
Կռ⣬ѾԽռ䣬˺ԶԶһƬռ䡣
޷ľ硣
Ҫö࣬½Уս½ֻһСУ½ҲֻһС
Ҷǳг˸п
磬⵽ʲôطʲôطҶȥġ
Ҷǳһ漴뿪˵ء
ʯ׵ʧƬѪҲʧˣ׻ָҪҶǳٵˡ
صѧԺҶǳûиκ˽ֱӱչˡ
˫ޣѾﵽһߵľ硣
һսдһ£Ҽʶ˺ŮǰεĳǿߣӴ
ҪǣҶǳһƬᶨ
ǰҪİҪٵİһһⶼ֮С
һҶǳͷʱͨˣҲһͻĳƿ
䣡
ºһǿϢҶǳϯ
˰£ͻƹؿӾս۷ʮս𾳽硣
ս½ѾﵽսļޣʮǼ
ͬʱҶǳʵ˷ٵ
Ҹս֣ҾͿԱֲܣܹܡҶǳԼġ
ʮս𲢲ս񣬵Ǵĳ˵ѾսȼˣƣټϸߵȰԪԼռԳԽսҲ
ҪԸλսڵʵλս½ʮսʱսģҲλλڵʵҲֻ൱λδĶ֡
Ҷǳа롣
ü֪½սÿһζλλλĻ֡
ͬεսʵܴ
ôս˵һս񣬵ֻеλһս
½ˣǴʮսսģܳΪλ
ҶǳҲֻ൱λ񣬵ΪͻƵʮǼټƣʹǿλʵ
ҶǳԼʵǲգϾλսпһĴǾͺпλ


823 ѡ
ͬһսλλĲǳһλ׻ɱһλ񣬲һȼӶӲɼеĲжô
ҶǳлʵһǽսһﵽѪ磬ʵ
ֻѡ
ѪͲ˵ˣҪԵҶǳѾһܾˣٳûͻơ
˵սҶǳΪԼ̤ʮǼͿɽΪս񡣱ϾǰֻҪ̤ʮǼͿ̤һ硣
սȴһҶǳ̤ʮǼȴԼ޷ΪսΪġûɡ
Ҷǳ˸ߵȰԪôӦġҲǴԪֻǰ壬ֻнΪ٣ɾս
ҪΪս񣬡Ǹ
ҶǳȻ츳ȺʱϾܶݣڰ򻹲Զʱ޷򡮵Ϊսġ
ֻ¹ˣ
Ҷǳ
սٲһʱˣҪһ򡮵սܡ
ԼﵽѪ绹ЩᣬϾѾؼ㣬ֻһͻơ
ʱҲҪһꡢʮꡢһ꣬ҲпֻҪʱ䣬һжҪҶǳĻԵ
ȻǴڼбչؾͿͻƵˡ
ԣҶǳ̤ʮǼ֮󣬱뿪ѧԺս½

һ죬˼ңһϵսңҲǺȽѺõսҡ
ҶԺ٣ǼԡҼӭҶǳϾҶǳĵλǳȻ
Ҷǳ뼧磬΢΢ЦǼҵ˻ȭ˵ս½Ψһһս֪Ҷĳɷһۣ
⡭ҼϵЦݶʱסˣ˻ȭǼҵĴսǼҵĸȻܸ˿Ҷǳʵܼɵ׿ǼҵǿڣҲҵ
Ҷǳ˼Ҽһۣ֪Էʲô˵ģǼҹϵҿԱ֤Ὣ˻ȭй¶ȥ֮⣬ҿ԰ѽȭ͸ǣ½һսǳʺǿߣǼҵ˻ȭɣ
ҶԺ̫ˣȻǼҵļҲ޷ô¡ɣȸλ̫ϳƬ̣ٸ𸴣ΣҼС˵ʵѾĶˣϾܹһսǼҵİ̫ˡ
Ҷǳ򼧼Ҽ˵ͷã
ԵƬ̣ҼдҶǳԼҴ뿪
ú󣬼ҼͻˣЦݵ˵ҶԺǼҵ̫ϳ϶ͬˡ
ǽȭ㿴ûдҶǳһ˵
ҼæӹһҲǿߣۿƬ̣֪ŽȭĿ֮Ǽҵ˻ȭֻǿ˵ףνǼռ˱ˡ
£Ҽæ˵ҶԺǰҴȥǼҵĴ֮ء
ţҶǳ˵ͷ
Ϊ˻ȭȭս½ϳǿҲͻƵѪ
һҶǳ˼ҵĴ֮أͺҵĴ֮ûʲôһ޴ʯš˻ȭ֡
ҶԺǼҵĴʯҵļһ˵
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴Ĳ
ҼҲҴҶǳһ԰غ
ʱҶǳ֮Уǰǿʯϵġ˻ȭ֣ͷųĽ⣬ΪӰԺС
䣡
һ̣ӰʩչһȭͬٵأʱգǳĿ¡
Ҷǳ֪˻ȭİ壬Ǽҵȴ˻ġ
ৣ
ȻӰںɢһɺ嫵ĻʵϢͬһ˫ȭӶһɫ죬ƥ
𣡡
һȻը졣
ҶǳбҵĹâԺУǸͬһӰȻһצŭ
צѹ˻ȭĥԭǼצĺᡣ
ҶǳȻԱߵļҼ
Ҽ˵ͷ˵ҶԺȻµûǼҵʵһͷצһŮӵĺҲӵһצѪ
֮УצǿҲΨһһѪ飬ѹǼܹ˻ȭ幦ҶǳȻ
˵꣬Ҷǳ뿪˼ҡ
ѧϰ˻ȭ˺ܶ򣬵޷̤Ѫ硣
Ҫĸ
úȥ׼ңҲһս׼ﻻ˾׾Ĺ


824 ̽
׳ء
Ҷǳٴ׳أֱɫ
ϥƾЩ׵ɽ׵ǳغɱֵţȻ׾
ս½ϣҶǳ֮⣬ֻŹԶ
һǼҵ˻ȭһ׼ҵľ׾
ҵ˻ȭ幦һֻǹЧˡ
Ǿ׾幦֮ԿԴЧΪ׾׵ӶĥԼߵǿá
Ҷǳﵽ˲֮Բ磬׳Ѿûˣ׼þ׾ǿ׵磬
ǺΣյľٶ˵Ϊ׼ҵ˸ôҲôҶǳ޾塣
¡¡
Ͷ׵磬Ҷǳڴ˵ʩչ׾ʱͺñȰͼ˷ڵĻ֮УһӾˡ
׳ص׵Ϳ֮׵ͬһɱҶǳ˶ûˡ
һ̣׳ضըˣڵ׵ڲϵ˸ըһƬͬĩս١
ۣ
ȿȣ
֮ҶǳһǱϿѪ˳
ϵ·ըˣͭɫҲѺۣƲһѡ
Ĳ֮ǳǿ󣬺ܿƾѸٻָ
Ȼã
ҶǳӦԼǳ˷ܵȻҵѾﵽ˲֮Բ磬ɿҪ˶ãһ̤Ѫ硣
ʱҶǳδġ
úҶǳƻָˣٴηɫʩչ׾ֱأųָ
ػأҶǳÿ춼ԭѾԲȻֿʼǿˡ
Ȼǲ֮磬ҶǳȴܵԼǿˣһһγѪǰ
ʱ˰ʱ䣬֮Ҷǳʩչ׾׵Ҳ޷̼Լˡ
ҵļˣ
Ҷǳ뿪׳أüͷ塣
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أ
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ռҶǳ۾һУٶȳ֣һƿռ䣬ı֣ɱȻ
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ʦ𡪡һҪҶǳҲ˵ôλ϶֮ϣʱҪù
ҶǳĻȴˡ
ߣҿûȤֻһսҲΪͽҶǳм


825 
ôĿӿռͨĲȻŭɱ⣬ս񶼲ǣҲƲս񡣡
ҶǳߵǿǲмСģΪ˽һС綼Ļô꣬ɼʵ½ǱжôС
ߣ˵ʲô㶼ֻʣ°ʱˡϵӿռͨ洫ʱڡ
ǾĿԴɣҶǳ˵գתͷλҶҵİǻȥɣ
λҶҰʱȥ
Ҷǳϥڴ˵غ
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ҵĽâ˲˺ѿռ䣬貵ԣһ磬ᴩա
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ҿܹסٴΣҶǳһһ棬һѻƽ𱦽Хǰ󷨺ȥ
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һ˲䣬ҶǳоնڰޱߵаϢأж˻жħ


826 
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ǰĺߣҶǳӿһǰδеΣУ·ݣһս
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е˼һСˣȻԴﵽʮս𾳽磬һӵǿ⡣
Ц
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Ҷǳܿͷԭܵһǿںϣڶѹƣڷ
ʣս½ġڶԺڽѹơ
һػһ飬ս½ڳΪս֮ͣһǧ꣬Ҫ뿪ս½οЩߣս񼶱£Խս½ﵽս񼶱ϣͻܵս½ĵֿˡ
ҶǳܹԸӦõߵϢڲϵ½ܿͽ͵˺ͬһΡһս
ֻǶԷλʵɱǿ
ս½Ŷ½ĴɴˣҲΪλҪĻǵս½Ҷǳ俴ǰĺߡ
ǻ𣿡һЦ漴˫ȭ̧ͷ񷣬ѹƵһս񾳽磬ΪԱסС̫ˣһսҲλ񣬺οСһսûС
˵꣬ǱĿתҶǳϷٸһλᣬΪʦս½һɡ
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ҶǳһʩչռƥĽϱֲռչֳڳҵĽâϣ˺Ѳգɱߡ
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ߴһƺˣ˫չһһӡһƬ谵һɫı֡
ЩɫһʮһǳɭϺͿֲйУԩ˻š
䡢ڰаϢʱء
䣡
ҶǳĹײʮɫЩɫ޼᲻ݣӲ˹Ҷǳײɡ
ۡ
ҶǳٴѪһ嶼ѿˣƷǳأҲֻԲĲܱ֮סȻղһײˡ


827 
λλĲྐྵȻô󣡡
ҶǳԼѵ壬ͫ׶ʱһ漴˫һ棬һɻĴ֮ӵ֮´Ĳ֮ҲѸٻָš
ԴѷС磬㶼֮ܽ磬ǲСﰡԽˣԽҪ
Ц̤ն̽ƣڹϯأһɰϢƬʱռţռһƬƬ顣
ҶǳǱеľԽˣԽҪɱҶǳϾ󻼲
أ
޴ĺɫƣҶǳҶǳӰȴ˲ʧˡ
˲ƣͫһ𾪡
ռҶǳںߵĺ󷽳֣һ˺ѿռ䣬貵Ľâݺݵߵĺ󱳡
ߣ棡һһɫʱ٣УסҶǳɱһ
ں׼֮ʱҶǳٶʧˡ
Ԫû뵽Ȼ˸ߵȰ壬һΪϡٵĴԪСˡ۾Ŀ⻷ܣϵɱԽԽˡ
ȻҶǳǱӼɵˡ
ݣ
ҶǳڲԶ֣俴źߣ˵ҵʵȻ㣬ӵ˲ƣҲɱҡ
𣿺ߣ̫Сս񾳽磡Цһ漴̤һɿֲѹ١

һ˺ڰ·ת˲˺ҹ̫Ƕʧˡ
һƬڣֲָ
ţҶǳüͷһ壬ʱо˼ȵΣգû˿ԥ˲뿪
ֻһΣҶǳ˲ʧˣΧĿռʧˣ޷˲ơ
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Ϊֻһ˸ߵȰ𣿡Цǰ磬ϷĸߵȰ壬ڰ֮УʱţӦκᱻԶУֱɱ
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ոڰҶǳʱ˲ԶʮӰ̤նд붼ֳȫźߡ
ǡҶǳɫһһЩϤӰпɮһһʦҶҵİмҵİкҵİİ׼ҵİʮλһ𹥻ߡ
ֻЩ˵Ĺûκκߣֻ΢ǣס˺ߣҶǳȳ
ߣǲĶ֣Ҷǳ
Ѿˡ
һȺϣɱһӣʮɫѹЩȫˡ
Ͼ˫Ĳ̫ˡ

Ҷǳŭˣ˫죬ʩչռźɱȥ
ôİΪܷŭܲʣʵǿһЩͲᷢˡ
ҪҪҶǳŭţ˶Ϊһ񽣣չռϵߡ
ߣмٿʮɫϵײҶǳҶǳϳһѺۡ
սΪϣЦһһݺشҶǳֱӺ䱬ˡ

Ѫ׷ɡ
Ҷǳֱӱߺ÷飬ֻʣһѪܵԴץС
Ҫɱ㣡Ҷǳų˫ֻʣһԴȻҲûΪĲ̫֮ǿˡ
ԲĲ֮ץҶǳԴ¶һ˿ȣ漴ЦϧվһûѪ
أ
˵գһգҶǳԴ÷顣


828 Ѫ
Դ飬ѪɣҶǳ嶼ˣѪȾ˵棬ԵôĿġ
˫ʵ̫ˣҶǳƴɲкߡ
鷳ļһڽˣ׼СˣСʲҲܹҵΪս񼶱𣡡
һЦ漴˻֣һѪɫӳУݺݵز˴֮С
أ
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Ѫɫڴ֮ϣͷų޾ɷûգƬһƬ谵
ʮѪɷ㹻Сˡ
ص˵ͷ漴ڿն𣬷Զ
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ͣ
ںߺ󲻾ãһԴӵ˳
Ҷ֣Ҷ֣еһܣһ̯Ѫ⣬ԼصѪ
Ҷ֡
æӵ˳Ȼ˵ҶǳĵطһصѪɵñ߲ѡ
Ҷ֣Ҳˣս½о𣿡һƨڵϣ
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ԭصѪҺҲ˳Ѫ۷أЩ⣬ۼڽɫĹͷ档
Ҷֵսǣ۾һɣҶǳʶ꣬ҶǳȻ˽ܶࡣ
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ѪԭѪ磬Ǻǣû뵽ٵһ̣ҲѪСҶǳûǿԼƣϲá
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ʱУҶǳҡҡͷ˵ѪҲƵģǰܵ˺ߵıɱһȻѪǿָɺأһָƣܴȻĻҲ뿪Ÿһָ塣
ҪòָܻƣҿϼһĻ죬ղƺ˵Ҫ׼ս½ն񰡡һǵ
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˵գҶǳ̤ץһ˲ƣ뿪ء
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һƨڵϣƵǶȥ½ˣҲȥҲģ͵ѰսĹأܲʵ츳˵Ҳлǰ½֪ʧģ²ĹҲҵ
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д£һ㶣漴Цʵ£ȻЩܣҶǳ˿̸֪ҪѰЩսĹء
ˣҲЩսĹˣɱ˺ߣʹȥ½Ҷǳ˵գ漴۾ָơ
ʱ˲ѣֻҪܹȥ½ҲлΪս

ҶǳչػָƵʱ򣬺ս½زѪɷܿͲúʮѪɷʱѪɷ֮һ壬ڱա
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829 һȭѪ
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Ũɷɱ˶飬ܼôɷ
˸Χڲϵɢ̾ʧ̫ˣȥһʱ䣬ս½ɢɾʱս½齫Ҳ޷
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ɴ۾𾪵ؿˣҶǳ¥ѾյϢˣλսݻ壬ôܻţ
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ս½½ĺܿ죬ºս½½֮һ
½ô࣬Ҳս½ƽⱻƣֲϽ١
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ͬʱ쫷ȵ쫷磬Ҳʼܣòٳǳܵ˲˲ء
һЩǳأҲܵһЩХϮˮϯǳأû
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ڴùǸϹ㻹֪չصʱ䣬ս½½ĺܿ죬ս½ض֣˲ءæ˵
Ҷǳһ磬ߵȥ֪ͨ¥֪ͨսңɳȥݻЩѪɫӣǸ
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Ȼǿ󲻴ܹ˲ƣܴ֮ռ䣬ǴԪİ
̫ˣҲܹȥ½ˡҶǳ뿪ʱϲɫֻҪҶǳ˺ߣҲܹҶǳǰ½ˡ

ս½ϿգԵĺ߱˫֣Цݵؿս½صʮѪɷгϲá
д꣬Ϳ׼СˣʱΪԽս񣬽׵ս񣬼½Ҳܹһǿˡ߰뵽
ս½ҫʵʵ½㲻ʲôֻСطưԶѡ
½ޱߣҲ֪жսǿߣֻսϵܳǿߡ
սϵǿߣǶǸɵšˣǲ½
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һﲻǱɱԴˣȫѪ׷ɣӵв֮Ҳָܻ
ϼһּˡҶǳЦһȭҵȭ̫ͬһ㱬貵Ľ⣬Яſֲΰ֮ݺݵغ
ôܻţ߲ŵشͬʱֵΪҶǳ㻹ţҲĶ֡
Ȼˡ
ΪҶǳȭͷӿֲֳ̫ˡ
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ɫȭͷɢ嫵ǰն׷飬貵磬ͬϮһ㣬ߺݺݵغɳȥ
ۣ
ߴѪ
ս½֮󣬵һˡ
ɴ۾ţΪȻһ°ܽѪһֻǱԷһȭˡ
ŹȥãԷʵȻﵽֵز


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ǰһУʵ̫ˣȻһ°ܽһȭѪ
Źȥ¶ѣҶǳʲôҲܳԽôɣ
οܹӦҶǳûгΪս񣬶ҪΪսҲöɹٲУûзս½˭ɹ١
ȻҶǳûгΪս
Ϊôǿ
۾Ҷǳӹâ˸Ȼͫһ۾ɵϴЩŵ˵㡭Ѫ磡

Ҷǳ˵ͷ̤ЦѾѪʵԶλԡȥɣ
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ҶǳԺвϵظĽһ壬ǿռ
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ĽһųĩյĻ䣬ռĲãգһĹ⻪Ȼʧɫ
ûκεĹâܹһ貣ʱյһǴ̫ʱһδ㽣
һѡ
ǰڵ磬һӲ˺ѿ
貵Ľ⣬ͬĩյ̻ӳ˺ߵ֮С
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䡭
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ۡ
ҶǳѪɳȥϾըֲ̫ˣҲˡ
Ѫ磬С˲ͻָˣӰ˿ս
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һһλ񣬼Ҷǳе˼飬ռѪʵ̫ǿˡ
䡭
ڴʱս½أһѪɷҲʼսҵİ١
׼ֹͣѪɷ֮зʹս½ڲϵ
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ں߻ţ»ᱻս½ֱѹ޷ս½
ԭˣս½ξĴ٣õĥȻҲɳˣҲδݱΪ½Ĵ硣
ҶǳУõ
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Ѫľ磬ս
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ﱾҲһѪɷǱҶҵİˡ
ݣ
Ҷǳڴ˵أǰͨ½ĿռͨƺܵʲôѹһһС
ãս½ǿˣҪ޸ս½ȱݣռͨҪʧˡ
Ҷǳһʱԭ
漴̾Ҫ뿪ս½ʱˡ
˵գٶ˲뿪
ʱ䲻ˣҪռͨʧ֮ǰһС
ӵ˲ƣԼʱ


831 ռͨ
һ˲ƣҶǳѧԺֱҵԼʦѧԺĸԺɽԼϵǣϾѪľ磬ǿȾͿҪˡ
ѧԺЩս½۷壬Ҳˡ
ǳҪ𣿡Ҷǳڽ£ʱ̾
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ռֲͨ˶ˣ׼뿪ռͨȶˣҲܴ뿪
ҵ츳֪ȥ½Ҳɲս񡣡ҡҡͷ漴İɣڣѧԺµġ
ţ½ǻչ˺ѧԺġɽҲ˵
أҶǳǵ˵ͷ漴ٴ˲뿪
˲ƺһЩ˸ҶҵҶ޵¥˺㣬пɮһļλʦԼĺƵȵȡ
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ˡ
Ҷǳ˲Ƶߣץ˲Ƶռͨǰ
ҿҲ̫ͻȻˣһԹڿǰĿռͨʧʱʱǸϽȥɣȻˡ
ҶǳȴûмڽռͨǽǰĿռ֪ͨΪʲôʧˣҲֻһλս𣿡
ⶼʲôʱˣȻ˵һ㶣漴
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ҶǳȻһЦ㵹ǺȻˣǾͳɡ
˵꣬ץ׼ռͨ
æеʲôֱӽȥ㻹ǰҷŽɡ
ҪôɣҾͰѧԺ˶½ȥˡҶǳԿЦԽҪռģֿԽ޷ѻ棬ᱻͬʱչɱãҲᱻռߡ
ҿôΣհԱҶǳֱۣæүģһҪҰҿɲ뱻ռ˺Ƭ
Ҫ㻹ս½ɣҶǳЦ
Ҳ£Ǽһﶼȥ½Ҳ¡˵Ƕˣ»ʲô˼ң½ս϶кܶսĹأⶼǱﰡλΰĿѧȥ̽æҡͷ̶Ц
ԭȥ½Ǵע⣡Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴ץ̤ռͨ
䣡
ռͨܲȶҶǳǸո̤еضɽҡΧҡܻգһ貵˺Ѳ񷡣
ৣ
һ⼤Ҷǳһֱֻ۶ըˣŵ
ҶǳҲһæͬʱѪ˲ͻָ˶ϱۡ
裬Ҫؼң̫Σˡе֪ҶǳѪ磬ǿȿȻһͱݻֱۣղҪǺߣѾˡ
ȥѾˣҶǳһͬʱȫעעǰղ̫ˣû뵽Σգ࣬ʼǰ⡣

ȻǰһƬѤȺӵӿư磬˫
Ҳˣ״ʱɫҰףֹҶǳܱϾѪ磬屻ըҲָܻһССսʣ
ݣ
ڴʱҶǳйâһһȡ˳ǰ˳ȥһųҵĹâǰЩݻһ롣
ҶǳץɹΣ
£ⶼܻﰡ̾£漴תͷҶǳʵղӳȥѧԺôУңһҲûɡ
ǲһҶǳҡͷǵλսɱ֮ƷҲͱҵõˡս½Ҫǿˣ½ɾģܵս½ѹƣ޷ս½ʹãȻĻҿ»ǸߵĶ֡
Ѿ뿪ս½ҲǼϧһǿٵˡҶǳЩź˵


832 ִ
ʲôźģ½еս񣬵ԺһЩսĹأһЩЦ
ҶǳһۣøϻϮ⡣
Ȼһδ٣ǽĵ·ɲƽһܼҶǳʱˡ
ԭҶǳǲ˵ģΪ˱Լǰ棬Ծ޷ˡ
Ҷ֣㿴ʲôȻɴ۾ָŲԶһѷ˵
ֻĿռϳѷ죬ʼѣͬѿһ϶ܡ
ҶǳȥʱͫһռͨҪըˣߣ
˵գץǰС
ʣռͨѾ˱ıԵѷ֣һըһռ䱬ըֲ̫ˣٶսֻ·һ
ҶǳѪ磬Ҳ޷ֵ
ৣ
ҶǳƴǰٷС
ֻڼٷеУҲ͸ѶЩϮ⣬ʱ⵽Ҳǧٿס
ҲܣȻҶǳˣҲܵ˼ιȻûйҪȴֱۺʹʮѪ
Ҫ֪ûѪ磬ûɲ֮磬޷ָƣ۵ҧгݣ԰ףȥ
ô𣿡Ҷǳһ߼ٷУһѯ鿴Ƶʱ䶼ûˣռͨҪˣںʱ䱼ܡ
ۣ
˵Ķ̶˲䣬һ䴩ҶǳĺһƬѪѪ磬ֱӾͱɱˡ
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壡
Ҷǳһٶƴʩչռ˺գ˳ȥ
أռͨˣ˿µĿռڶֲܣϯһС
ն˺ڰ

谵ɽ֮Уһ޴ѪﶸȻǱӰһƬѪˮޱߵɷ˴̱ǡ
ʲôطôôѪҺѪѪȻСѪأܣʱĿɿڴ
ΪԼһ޴Ѫڡ

ҶǳԴԱߵѪˮ֮г˳ʶ޼ɵϯȥ̽Ƭɽȡ
漴˿˵ã˵ûˣ
ǸϹҪս½Ȼϣ˴ŵ֧Ҳġߵ
ϻˣϽָƣȻ뿪˵ءϾǵĵ̣˭֪᲻еսСĵΪҶǳ˵գóһЩ˵ҩ˵ҩǼƷģĺöˡ
ҶǳԼֱѪ֮еѪҺѪĿܿͻָƣ뿪Ѫء
ţѹƺܴҵٶܵصƣ˲ƶ޷˲ˡ
ȻҶǳüͷһ塣
ûеģǴ磬ս½ķѹƴǺģȻսڣǵսܴݻˡ
ңҶǳҲֻʱѹƶѣϾһ½ķϤȹһʱӦָܻˡ
Ҫٴ˲ƣǹҪΪս񣬽ԪΪС
ʱҲָ˴ƣɳѪء
߰ɣ뿪ûʲôǳأһ½йҶǳץסһȥϾٶ̫ˣŷɿһ㡣
뿪һʱһһװӣѪϿա
ռͨȻʧˣƱ˴ݻٵģѵǼһʧˣԣ˴ӿռͨˣˣ
ɫȻһ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôȻ֪ҶǳǳǸ뿪׷ȥ


833 
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޴޷һĲҽȻصˤڵϣҳһƬµӳȥѿ棬Χһÿò鿪
Ѿǵʮֻˣ
ҶǳԴɫؽȻ˳пֻ޵ԴȡһɫԲʯ
ɱޣÿֻԴжһĺɫԲʯʵԽǿɫԲʯԽԽ
ȻҶǳ֪ʲôȴܹܵеӴµⶫֵ϶ͣԾ
ݣһӰ
ղԶֻˣŸҹϾһֻʵս񼶱ޣ綼ܽɱ
ǵʮֻ˰ɣ˵½ս񼶱δ̫˰ɣսµ߸û취߰µʬ壬һЦ
һ·ʮֻս񼶱ޣսµޣǲֱ޵ĺ
ҵǳ˵ҶǳҡҡͷҲо֣̫ˡ
֪ߵķһҵõǳ𣿡ɻ
ҶǳЦѵûз֣ǵǰԽԽҲԽԽ˵ǾǳغܽˣΪֻۼĵطûڶޣۼĵطҲʵǿ޿
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ߣҵǳأǲ˽½ҶǳץסٶȳǰٷС
ҶǳûϴǵȷǳˣٶȷǾͿһ޴ĳǳء
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ǰǳزΰΨһصǴ󣬸ߴĳǽɽ壬ǽϣ˸ֲпĺۼƱ޳
¥Ҳܸߣһްԣ𺳡
Ҷǳվڳ£̧ͷȥֻоԼͬСϣǳĲۡ
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Ҳﲼʲô󷨣Щ޷Ҷǳ
漴Ŷڣ޴ĳ¥ϣ֡ǡ
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Ҷǳҡҡͷǰ濴ȥֽǵҪϽһɫʯͷȭͷôСÿǵ˶ҪϽһ顣
ҪǷѣɫʯͷʲôǿûаȻҲһĻʱüͷĵ֮ɫ
УҶǳЦЦ漴óɫʯͷЦ˵ɱ˲½ˣõʮɫʯͷʯͷƺǳ󣬳˱ɱǸսӵʮ⣬ɱ½ߣսҲӵһɫʯͷ
֣ƺûʲôΪôأһɫʯͷ̽Ƭ̣漴ɻ
ҶǳҡͷҲ֪ȽǺٴһ°ɡ
Ŷӽǵ˲Ǻֵܶ࣬ܿˣϽɫʯͷ֮Ҷǳ˫˫ǡ
ڻ̵Ұ⣬ڷǳ֣ﲻڽֵͨ˴ˮ಻ϣһЩС˻ڶ
Ҷ֣ȥתͷҶǳ
ȥ¥ԷҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ڸһҾ¥һ䡣
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͹٣ʲôԸ깧˵
Ҷǳóһɫʯͷϣ˵Ҫ֪һЩ飬ңĽΣ
ʯ꿴ϵɫʯͷʱ۾һ֮ɫ
ԭʯҶǳһ
͹٣˵𣿡꿴ҶǳĿЩȡ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦŵͷȻģһƭ𣿡˵꣬ȰϵɫʯͷӸꡣ
ɫʯͷæ˵͹٣֪ʲôֻҪ֪ģҶ


834 ޱ
ҵȿ㣬㾿֪飬ʱˣһ֪ǸղŵʯҿҪջҶǳЦؿǰꡣ
ɫһͣЩʵ͹٣ҪѯʲôҴСǳǵ飬ǱݵһЩ飬Ӧö֪˱ݣҾͲˡ
ãȿ㣡ҶǳЦʵǹô˵ģϾֱѯʯʲôѯһЩ˽֪飬ôɵӶ֪ǴСˡ
ǣҶǳ뵽취ǰʵղᵽݣ㣬֪½м𣿡бݣǿ϶ݡ
ҶһԵҲҶǳļƲߣɵðо
ֻŵ˵͹٣̫ˣ˶֪½ޣֱݡޡޡݺݡ
Ҷǳһۣ
֪ޣǸݵʵǿӵеĴɡ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ٺ٣͹٣ʶˣҪһˣ»һ֪Ͼ½ޱߣ֪Щ˲ǺܶԡɵǣϲһЩ¼֪Щ
΢΢һЦ˵޵Ȼݵʵǿݵ㣬ԴḻԵɡ֪Ĳ̡šáħšһȵȴɣݣ½ģĵط
ݣ
Ҷǳһϲ֪ëڵĵطˡ
˵ʣµĴޣԶʵǿս壬ǿޱȡ޷̶ֲסȻֱعƹιԹʵҲ
˵Щ̾˵֮УΨǱʵǱ߳ǣֱࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢ǳء
ǣԾ
Ϊǵ߿ǳࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢߸֡
Ҷǳһۣ˵ôС֣˿
ãǰֻһսСһûô˼û⣬ЦŵͷǱǣҲ֪ǱݵǳΪʲôñдԣǱһܣܾǱݵǳ֮Уֻû֪ʲôܡ
˼תţ֪ʲô
Ҷǳǰ꣬Ц˵֪ģңһһսٶȣǷݣҪ೤ʱ䣿ǺǣȻֻʣ㲻֪Ҳûϵ
ЩֵؿҶǳɻ͹٣ûɣ˵Ƿݣ
ı飬ҶǳһͻѵԼʴˣǺǣҾͿЦѡ
ԹЦ͹٣ΪͣҲҡ˭֪½ޱߣ˵һսˣЩǿսҪӱݷɵݣҲúķһʱ䣬˭ɵôҪȥݣҲǳ󡣸οħһսҲܻŵִݣڰ·ϾͱЩħ޸ˡ
Ҷǳһ½Ȼô
սٶȸж죿һŵݣ½Ŀֲ
Ҷǳ׼ûбֳ̫ȵı飬ֻĵ𾪰ˡ
Ҷǳʵȥ𣿡
ɶԵɴ۾̶Ц͹٣ʲôЦһССս󰡣Ǳǳ֮以ͨĴÿһξҪһٿʯǣֱݵĳԶ봫ͣÿһΣҪķһʯһսûֲƸֻЩֲɡ
ҶǳףֶЩ˲õġ
ֻһݵҪȥݣѶ̫ˡ
ǵʱʯֻʣʮʯˣڱڴһζ˵Ҫ͵ˡ
뵽Ҷǳɵøп½ĹޱߣѹЩ½ȥս½ս½ˣͺñһ۶ȥһƫԶũ壬ȻȻӵԽС
͹٣ҵĻش𣿡꿴Ҷǳ˼ɵС˵սӵһʯǳԵ
ҶǳԵ˵ͷЦ˵ţ⣬֪ͦġ˵һǵҪһģ֪ĶҡҲ㣬Ǵģ׼Ƕһʱ䣬Եôһ
Цŵͷ͹٣ʹ˵Ҳ֪ǴģȻĻҲһ¥СϢˡҴСǳھ¥֪ϢӦ㹻ˡ
˵գͰԼ֪ǵһЩϢϸظҶǳ


835 
Ӿ¥СҶǳ֪½ĺܶ飬ڶ½Щ˽⣬ǺͱҲ˽ܶࡣ
޵һҲԭģΪûһǵս񣬼ߴǳصĳҲֻǡǼս
ҲΪǱս񣬴ȥݣ˭ڱȱԴĵط
½ģ࣬Դ࣬Ȼĵط
ֻ½ޱߣټҰħҪȥݣֻܳû㹻ĲƸݡ
˵ħޣҶǳҰɱЩޱħޣõĺɫԲʯħǳļƷϡ
Ҷǳɱʮֻս񼶱ħޣħһħͼֵһʯ
½ʯǻңӲͨ
Ϊʯ֮У̺ŸָĵϣܹսǼԼġ
͹٣û飬Ҿȥˣ¥С漴ȥ
С뿪֮ſʵҶ֣ǽô죿ҪҸջסղҲ˵ˣһҹǾʵǳڿջס£ȻҪǡ
ղǸС˵ˣǵҹǲǾסͣ㲻ǵıˣǾֻѡסջǼĳΪˣȻֻ뿪ǡ
סջ㣡ҶǳԳʱ޷ǰȥҼˣֻȴǡסջĻʮҪķһʯʯôܰװ׸ǣ̫ˡԣüһ˵ϾҪԷΪͷˣиӻá
Լս½С磬ΪȱݣԷΪ
ԷΪɵÿҶǳʵأҲҪԷΪ𣿡
ҲԷΪϧѾûˡҶǳһЦѪ磬һѪһⶼָܻôԷΪʵϣüҲ˵ˣһСɾս޷ԷΪȻûгΪս񣬵ҵѪ磬Ѿͬսˡ
ȱݸֲʱҶǳ츳ǿ˶Ǿ͵òʧˡ
ĺˣҼȱݣҲһλǿ󣬵ҳΪսʵ϶ǿԱȼ½Щšߣв𣿵Ժǰݣټ벹̣òҲҾͿֲȱˡҶǳЦ
ڲһ㣬ϾѪ磬ټϸߵȰԪƣѾ԰½ŵĲƷˡ
Ǿ͵Ժ˵ɣѾ½Ժеʱı˵ͷ漴ʵ׼ĸղСҲ˵ˣֱǳԼҺܼ壬ѡĸ
ҶǳǳǶӣǿ϶ҪѡǿĳǳҪȥѰҼǡֹٷ̫ˣ룬Ȼãȴʺǡ
˵ͷ˵ǰĴȻã̫ˣһΪ˳ˣûгͲ뿪ǡ׼ѡʣµˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦղǸСҲ˵ˣ֮Уܼʵǿܼ˷ǳԵǿƣ˵ҵʵȻһ㣬ǽҵܺá
ղֻһСѣԽҺܼҵ˽⣬δػô׼ȷҪҪԼһ㣿ɵ
ҶǳЦȻֻһСǾ¥ֵط࣬ռϢõطǵϢȷġ
ģ߰ɣȥҿ
Ҳã

漴뿪¥Žҵĸۡȥ֮ǰѾС֪˽ҵλá
ռܴһгǣǸߴԺǽս½һЩǳصĳǽҲࡣ
⿴ĸۡҶǳ֪ǵĵλܸߣѹֱΪ֮һ
ʲô
Ҷǳ߽ŵʱ򣬿شŵһ˫ȵ
ЩûǰҶǳһǽҵļҹ治ôҶǳϸܵһɾ޴ѹ
ΪҶǳͷųԼǿϢȻҪ뽭ңôȻҪֳһЩʵȻ˽ңҲֻһСආɲҶǳĴ㡣
Ǵģ׼뽭ңͼλͨһ¡Ҷǳ˵
ԭˣǵţȥܼң˵ת˽
Ҷǳſڵȴš
һһߣˡ
ҪǽңĿһҶǳǿȥʱһǿѹ
Ҷǳ˵ͬʱһǰΪǰһλսֻһ񣬶ֵܹġ


836 
˼㻹սȴֵܹסϷһѹʵ֮ǿȻѾս˲š
оէ䣬һ𾪣ǰҶǳ̶ɻţݣҲиҪôССǣ
£Ҳѹ
ϾղֻǸӦҶǳʵʱ̽һ°ˡ
Ҷǳȭǰû˵ôţֻǽѪ磬ԲʵѡңұǱ֮ˣʱҪǶӣ˵һ򲻴׼ʱ뽭ҡ
ҶǳûԼĿģֱ˵Լֻʱ뽭ңΪڶսǰûõģԷԸӦõ
Ѫһ㶣漴ȵͷпİ⣬ѹӵʵ㵹Ǵ֪ǽܼңе츳˼ҲҪ㣬Ͼ뿪ǽȴһԼ룬Ҳ뿪ǲɡ
˵꣬߶Ҷǳ֣򽭸ȥǸϷˣϷнǽĴܼҡ
ҶǳæŽ˽
һǰԺ䣬һ˵ߣǽһְλһǼǽҵѪһǳΪǽҵĿ䡣
ʲôͬ𣿡Ҷǳɵʵ
Ц˵ĵλҪһЩҲԵģϾҪΪ䣬ٵսʵ⣬ֻҪǽҪʱų֣ƽ񣬷ǳɣܵǽҵĹҲǺܶ࣬Ͼ͹Եġ
ѪͲһˣѪǽҵĵϵ񣬼ӣܵһЩƣΣҲпܣǴܸߣÿнν߷ո
˵תͷҶǳٺЦһ㣬λߣȴûʲôȨѪͲһˣѪ֮лͷǿǻʵȨģԴеˣѡѪ
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣漴̧ͷʵҪ뿪Ѫ뿪ңʲôưɣ
ᣡҡͷǽҲǿκˣҪ뿪ֻҪǰ˵һ¾ˡһ뿪˽ңǾҲǽûϵϾǽҲʲô飬Ȼǣǽҡ
ҶǳԵ˵ͷ漴˵ѡѪλѣΪЩԭҪϵΪʱ²ܼѪ
תͷ΢΢üΪ;˲ԵȣѲǴСģ
Ҷǳɫ䣬˵ͷ˵λѵȷС硣
ţȻˣסһ𣬲ʱûʸǽңҲûǽҵĴ漴ں˵½ޱߣС˳ֺ

ҶǳһԺӣط㲻ҶǳԴס
һµʱ׼һºѪ˵ˡ
Ŀͽȥڿ˵Ǿ˽ңҲ̫ɣ̫˰ɣѵǼһͲǵ˻ļϸ
Ժ䷿Ҷǳѡһ䣬ƿţͷҲص˵һССһսǲֵһᣬʲôǷǼϸԺؼһʱ
˵Ҳǣϼһ֮ǰͷųѹҸҿ㵲ǰµ˵
ϻˣϽΪ㻤ȷϵΪһһµʱ䣬ܹΪ١ҶǳĻӷڴ
ţæܽڡ
ԷΪܼ򵥣Ҷǳһƾڵս꣬Ϊˮת˲֮䣬ʧĸɸɾ
£ô꣬һлΪˮڸо弫ȵҪɫЩ԰׵˵
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦһһӱɷˣЩӦ㾳绹ڣֻҪҩϣָܹܿΪ
˵գҶǳóһЩͼĵҩǰ½֮ǰصҪģϾ֪ҪԷΪȻ׼һЩҪĵҩ
˵һ·ս𾳽磬Ҫĵҩ⡣
ҪǿĹʲôǿĹңӹҩҶǳʵ
ȻҶǳֻȣȻýס
Ҫ˵ǿĹ϶ҵĽӣҲûʲô츳ҶǳƬ̣漴һЩ˳лҵĹ׼ҵĹҵĹҵ˻ȭ׼ҵľ׾ȵȣռġ
ѡ׼ҵġ׾£Ժ˭ˬֱ˼Ƭ̣ѡ˾׾


837 ʯЧ
ţ׵ǳǿǱޡҶǳ˵ͷҲͬѡ
ԺٺЦԺעҪھ½Щսġʤż˭֪᲻һЩ飬׵ԸЩаˡ
Ҷǳɫһڣԭһ㣬
ˣԼɣļʶҲҪָģʲôģҡҶǳ뿪ӣķԼȥˡ
Ҳû⣬֮ǰôҲһ߼սʣΪûˣǾ绹ڣͷȻɡ
ңõĹõĵҩս½Щս½ӻҪá

һҶǳϥĿ˼
˼·
Ŀǰ½ʱûʲôΣҪȥѰëǣǾ͵Ȼһʯܿǰݡ
ʯ
뵽ʯҶǳȻ۾óһʯ
Ѿ֪Щʯ֮ӵеϣԲ򡮵а
ڵĴԪ嵽˽Ҫʱ򣬲֪ʯҵİ󲻴󣿡
ҶǳһԿʯҲһʱңʵҵëǸҪëǴڲ̣ҲʲôΣա
ëѾԷΪŬ
ҶǳҲǰݡ
ۣ
ͷų̫Ҷǳʼеʯ˺ܶࡣ
ҲڴʱҶǳӦһƬ嫵ǿճԼԺУķЩǳһһɹصĲƣƺһϵسԼ
ǵ𣿡
ҶǳɫһʱĲ
Щ֮Уܵ˴Ԫľ裬ȻԼҪǿˡ
ԣҶǳھ൱ڴ鱾ԣȻ鱾δпԵЩĿȴк֪ܶʶ㣬ΪգȻ׺ܶࡣ
ԭˣѹʯΪ½ͨң͵һܣȴսսҪġ
Ƭ̺Ҷǳ۾ĻΪ۵ʯɵüͷһ塣
ЧȻãҲ̫˰ɣȥԼʯ۲˵һʯˡҶǳ˼
ˣԼΪҪʱҲȥҼǡҶǳûԥãʵȻʯȥݡ
£ٴóһʯ
ʯĵٶȺܿ죬ûеҹϵʮʯȫˡ
ЧǳԣΪΪʮսڣʮսڡ
һϵȵʮˡ
ʱҪΪ׬ȡʯæˡҶǳ۾ЦоԼѾ벻ʯֿʽˣԼȴûǸˡ
ԣʱ䣬ҶǳΪǹԼļĹ׼Ϊһ塣
ͨɮһĹԼҵıľнľȵȣЩս½ĸ߼ĹѾ꣬ľѾﵽ˵ڶΡʯ硣
ҶǳȻҪ֪ǴﵽľΣҲҪ׷ȥȻ̫ںľΪ½ҲһҶǳľΪҪһֱûз
ʱһȥˡ
һµʱ䣬ҶǳںϳԼĹȴѾһģֻͣԺʱˡ
Ҷ֣
һºҲˡ
Ҷǳһ˵ͷЦ˵һսţһû͵
͵ս񵽴ǣ϶սսʺսֻǵСﻹ͵һЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҲҪ̫żȴ򣬴ûԺŸлս񾳽硣
ףڽս֮ҾʱͣˣǰҴһѧԺѧԺֻ֯ҪﵽսͿԱȥ׼Ͼܴұ˵ͷ漴˵
ѧԺ𣿡Ҷǳ۾һЦŵͷǲ½ѧԺ϶ս½Ҫãϵͳ
ٺ٣ҲôģǼѧԺҲҪġȣѾҪһʯ˺ÿѧѶҪʮʯûʯֻܿˡ˵Ҷǳɲ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴̾һѧԺͨ˸ûʸȥѧϰѧԺĽѧӦúܸߣܴţѧѵ㲻õģһʮʯ˵ֵһᡣ
ѧѵ飬ǲ÷ˣʱҵĴܹܽӲԶЦ˵ѧԺɳܼԼǽ齨ģϷдƼţȥѧԺͲҪʲôѺѧˡ
Զʱϲɫ
ҶǳȭǾͶлܹˡ
ǺǣԼˣûʲô˵ġˣɣҴȥѪ漴Ҷǳ˵


838 Ѫ
ҵѪҲλڽڣϾܴ󣬱ս½һЩǳضҪӴפһЩȫ⡣
˿̣Ҷǳͽ˫أͿշС
Ϊ󷨱˳ľ⣬ǲзУᱻǿɱ
ƣԺƽǣͲҪǷˡе;УҶǳһƴİɫơ
ҶǳӹһʱдšѪ֡
Ҷǳָһ£оƵĺҲּһʱˡ֡
ѪְλսʵԱǽ
Ҷǳһۣ˵Ѫְλɵ͵߷ֱʿٷ򳤡󽫾ͳ졣
ǵʵֱӦʲôҶǳԲɵúʵ
˵ʿӦս𣬰ٷսеǿߣһЩ۷սҲаڡֻһս񣬲λнȻս񣬵Ѿսʵڴ󽫾һսеǿˣһ㶼λ񡣶ߵͳ죬ҪӵжսʵʤΡ
ߵͳֻǶսѵûս񣿡Ҷǳȵ
Ҷǳһۣ˵ǱݲͬݣսѾǶǿˣǽҼҲֻսӵսʵǸҪѪֱӳΪǽҵ̫ϳϣܵǽҵĹֻҪǽΣʱ־ˡȻǽǿĴڣǽҵڡڻǧ꣬սǣҲֻгǿһЩ
ҶǳһǵĳսˣȻս񣬻ս񣬶ڿԿġ
ʵϣǰս񽭻ҲҶǳԿġ
ս񾳽磬ɲʲôԽսΪܹΪս񣬶еţ˭Խս
ҶǳĿǰʵҲֻаһսгۣս񻹲Կġ
ǵˣ
Ȼ˵
ҶǳʱĿȥȴǿǰһ޴Ĺ㳡Χ෿ݣ㳡Χ
ʲôˡһЦͻȻ
һ̣ҶǳͿǰһѪɫս׵ӣݸ㣬ѹŭһ׺Ϣ
Ѫͳ죬ѪˣÿѪͳ춼ѪҶǳ˵漴ֿѪͳЦ˵Ҷǳ¼ǽҵģһְλ

ѪͳĿⶸȻؿҶǳʹҶǳܵһǿѹ˶·һͷ̫޸ˣǳֲ
ϢǿһսֻΪβս񣿻ֻһս𣿡ѪͳһҶǳЩȵ˵
ЦΪѪ磬ٺ٣½ҲУǵս񾳽磬Ϳδ󽫾֮λˡ
Ѫ磿˼˼öûмˡѪͳЦſҶǳͷɡ
ȥɣҲҶǳ˵ͷ漴תȥ
ҶǳѪͳ㳡
ҶСӣҾͽҶСӰɣ㻹ûгҵͿ϶󣬽һСҲΪѪͳЦ˵ӭѪѡûѪЩǿˡɣҼ򵥵ظ˵һѪ
Ѫͳ˵Ѫߵıͳ죬滹󽫾һսеλʵǿȻʮŸˣ㣬ôոʮλ
Σÿλ¶ʮٷ򳤣һǧʿ£ҾʹԤӪУʮٷ򳤣һǧʿ
ҶǳЩȵô˵ѪԤӪҲֻвˣôô٣ҵҲֹôɣܹػң潭Ұ𣿡
ѪͳԴЦѵûھڶ𣿱Ѫ࣬һʿǴӳǧս֮ӱġ
˵ѪͳͻȻЦʱ򣬸պóһǰѸһǿǿһǧˣҾʶһ£ǱãǱãʵʤ۱硣
˵գѪͳһӣȵд󽫾ɶǰɽ
㳡
ʱ㳡ϵѪгһ飬룬վѪͳǰ
ҶǳʱܵһѪƣ·ǰĲһȺʿһȺ׺ݵĶǡ
Ѫͳȵ
һѪʱѪͳ棬뿪˽


839 ս
ɽǲԶɽȺеһɽﱻһȺǿռݣȻǿɲΪԼǿ
ϾǶߣвս𼶱Ĵڣսʮλ
ǶԳƲ䡣
ʵ½˳ǳ֮⣬кܶಿ䡣ЩˣһЩʵСɢޣûʸǳأڳ治ȥԼ齨䣬Ž档
ƲͱĲ䲻ͬǱǲ䣬ʵȴһǿרŴá
ֻһãȻѳµһ̶Ӹˣ˶ɱ˲٣ֱ
ⲻֱýҳˡ
Ѫһ뿪ǣ㳯ɽХһ·ħޣֱӳɱˡ
Ҷǳں濴ЩѪʿֳѪɫǹʺսɱ˾սһ˺ѵأ޵С
ѪôֱײؽǰɽȻɽ
ʱɽҲɳӰȻƲҲ֪ˡ
һλս̤նϣƶˣѪȵ˭ַƲ䣬ֱ֪ʶģϽʮʯҿһ
ƣôĵӣʱͳҪʮʯҪʲô£ѪͳȵӺ󷽵Ⱥ֮з˳󽫾ʮҲ档
ʲôѪͳ죡ȻѪͫһ𾪣漴ɫ˲ҰһƬ
Ѫպգһ˲֪˲ܲʶ
ѪˣѪͳǶսһ˾ܺɨƲ䡣
뵽æڨЦѪͳ죬ˡ׾֪ǹã֪ʲôԸĪҲӡ
һս̬ڵúܵͣοѪıǿĽңǿǡսǿݣǶΡ
ССƲ䣬ֻʮһսҵֶ
ԸĸҷԸ㰡Ʋµ̶ӶҴ٣ǱѪˡѪͳһЦ
ʲôɫһ䣬ЩŵѪͳ죬ĪǸ˰ɣǸһӣҲҴٳµ̶Ӱ
дѪͳЦ
ƳԱߵһ˺ȵ飬ô£˭˱ӵҶˣ
һЦƬ̣Ŷ˵죬ǡǴүɵģǵ֪ǳ̶ӣ׼ŹǣȴүһȻ󡭡Ȼ󡭡
ѾҪȻˡ
ƵɫѾ¶˼㣬ŭƲ˵ǧ꣬ȻһӸˡ
䣡
һֱ̽Ʋ֮ץһӣңƼæеףʲôˣ
ûӣŭһֱӽӷӡΪѪǱߡ
Ѫͳ죬һжӸɵģƲԸǸ֪ѪͳܷܲһƿŶѪͳ
ˣ
Ѫͳһ˵ȰɱɣҿԷŹǲ棬նɱ
ɫһףȻЦûǣôڴ˵ػȥ͸Ͼɱûʲôֱֻѡ
־͹˸׳նӡѪͳȻЩͷˣ˻֣ȵ֣Ʋ䡣
Ƽ״һݣѪͳŭѪȻҪϾɱǾƴһսˣҲҪѪʧء
ЦѪͳм
ɱ
ɱǣ

Ӱɽ֮з˳ظգǧ֮࣬սǿսǵصĳѪɱ
Ҷǳǵһοֳ棬оǳ𺳣ǧ˰Ѫˡ
ҶǳѪȻ٣ƺ㡣սһȺ֮гɱţɱƲڽڰˡ
ҶǳѪͳ˵ıھڶˣΪɱڣƲѾ˺ܶˣѪʮˣֱ˼顣
ѪеһС׻ɱƲһսͬս𾳽磬ƲѪһС硣
˭ȥƵԴժʹʯʱѪͳͻȻ˵
󽫾ʮŸʱЩ⶯
Ҷǳһʯվ˳Ѫͳ죬ҳէûʲôν֮λҶĳʵЩƾͽҶĳɡ
ŶаɱҪ֪λеǿߣҿѪҲֻλ󽫾лɱѪͳȤؿҶǳ
ҶǳŵһλѣѪͳԵƬ̣ȥȥ
˵գҶǳֱӳԶơ
γҪ׬ȡʯ֮⣬Ҫչ¶ԼʵϾԼʵǿ󣬽ҲŻԼ


840 ս
һ˭񻹲ս񰡣Ȼ͸ȥɱƣƵʵλҲǿߣλҪɱҲס
λ󽫾УһɫֿĺȵؿҶǳ뿪ıӰתͷѪͳ죬Ŀ֮дЩѯ֮ɫ
󽫾Ҳ˹
Ѫ΢΢Ц콭ܹܲģ˵ǸռǽҵһɢޣѪ磬ʵһս񡣡
˻Ȼôǿ˻ûгȳˡһ꾪̾Ҳһ󽫾
λ󽫾һٸ磬ѩףòĿˮҶǳıӰ˵ͷȻרİ׳գһôѣ˼Ϊ棬ͳˡ
ٺ٣Ҳһʲô츳أңһѪ磬ʵٱȼλе۷壬пܴﵽλ񾳽硣ûдﵽλ񾳽磬ôȵս֮󣬿϶ΪλģҪ˶ãѪҪһλ󽫾ˡЦ˵
Ѫ˵ͷЦѪˣҪͲˡҲãѪֶһˡ
˵һܹɱ𣿡֮ǰǸɫֿĺ˵
ܣ
ٸͬʱҡҡͷ
֮ٸЦܹƣпܣҪɱƣλҲõϾҪߣɱˣ֣ѪͳԳֲС
Ҳ˵
ɫֿĺȴЦȴǾпܻɱƣΪһֻҪǰ׳գͲڳԣͶˣԺ»ô
ߣҲǰ׳ءٸм
Ҳǳ嶯ˣϾֻһսȻ츳ǿ²Ż˼꣬嶯Ҳ֡Ц˵
ˣ濴ɣƣǱϳ֣Բܷ뿪ѪͳȻ˵
󽫾ʱ˵ˣĿתҶǳǱߡ
ʱҶǳѾǰ
ѪȻ㲻һ·ҼҲҪѪ汳Ҷɱƴ
ַ֯ѪϧѪ̫ǿˣ㼸ײͰָ֯ɢˡ
ɢ޺;ӵĲ࣬ɢ޸ΪսսϣӳʵǾӾͲһˣӳսս԰ʮ˵ӳһٸ˳򣬸һȺں֮ڿԵֵġ
οѪеʿǴһս֮ӱǿߣ൱ڳɱǧ򣬼ٶҲǶǵĶ֡
ƣɣ
Ҷǳһ·ֱײӶ˫ȭɱһѪ·ǰ
ѪĿֲƣΧЩս޷ֵýһЩɢĿֲѪڻ
ԶԶȥҶǳͺһ¯ǿֲѪϱΧ¶ȶࡣ
ǿ
ΧսǾѣ׷׺ˡ
ͬʱǸеܺ棬ǰսôǿô̬
ǵУƺսҲ˰ɡ
ңҶǳĿ꣬ƺλǿս
ţС˭һս𣬾Ȼɱңû뵽Ѫ֮Ҳְ׳գҶǳĿʱת˹ʱ
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ȻֻҶǳʵʵΪҪ̽һԼʵ
ΪĻƾѪʵսһսλ۷塣
ռΪĻôʵʹﵽλ۷塣
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οҶǳȱݻûֲûг񣬷ĻаպЩʵһս


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Ҳ֪˶ٴˣҶǳ˭Ҳκβ˭ԣҶǳռƵģΪӵѪ磬һƶɲʲôвת˲֮ͻָˡ
ƾͲһˣ˫սϣҲԽԽأսǴȥܵĿ϶
ƾҶǳҲɱƣΪԶһƲսڸ˹
λսֻʹӮˡ
Ҫսˣ
Ҷǳ״ʱٱһǿȻϱľ񽣣еƶ䶼˺ѿ
䣡
𶯣շڡ
һ޴Ĺ⽣ͻȻ֣Ҷǳ˺Ϊһ壬նɱȥ
һ˲䣬ڳеս𣬶оԼеĽҪֶɣæסһоԼͬؿҶǳߡ
ÿ貵Ĺ⽣˶ˡ
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˵֮䣬ԶѾҶǳһˡ
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նɱ֮Ҷǳ֣ƲʣµսҲɱĸɸɾû˿߹һ
ǿһĻŴƲˣѪһȴһѣ漴׷׻ʿ
˿ҶǳĿⶼˣһޱȡ
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ֻǱݵһǳأһݣͿ㿴һЩλ񣬿ɼλ񲢲½еĶš

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ȻֻѪ˵ɣÿ˷ֳһҶСƹܡ
˿ֻǷֳһλ»ƹλʧǺܴ
˵ǣʾȥš
ڣʱֻʣҶǳˣѪЦ˵㻻ԺѪĵλ󽫾
ǣҶǳ˵ͷ
Ҹ˵˵ɣѪ֪Щɢ޼뽭ңΪ˴ģʱ˵ΪѪĴ󽫾ÿ¶һٿʯٺ»֮⣬гʱһɱƲ䣬ǽʮʯмɣʣµʯѪġ
Ѫ˵Ϊͳ죬һɣҲһʯ󽫾ðɣҲ˵ĸ󽫾ʯʣµʯЩʿǷ֡
Ҷǳпѣû뵽һȻ׬ȡǧʯҪһǾ׬ķˣ
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֮УѪҶǳЦ˵ɱƣмλƲսǵսƷ϶˵ġ⣬Ʋ֮нɻսƷ֮ǰķֳɣѪ䡣
ҶǳһϲƲô󣬿϶вʯһ׬ȡĽܴ󰡡
Ҳ˵̫磬Ͼִ٣ǾеġѪҡͷѪҪǻɱΧħޣʵҲǳܼҵҪ񣬱ϾǲɱЩħޣЩħ޾ͻԽԽ࣬һħ޹ǵʱôǾΣˡ
ħ޹ǣҶǳһ
ûбֳȻԷͻỳǲǱݵˡϾħ޹ִ飬ֻҪǱݵˣ϶֪ġ

ʱѪóһŵͼ̯Ҷǳ˵ǱݵĵͼǣǸΪɳ𣬶ǽҸ𡣡
ѪָŵͼһƬɫҶǳ˵ǽҸǰΪֱ֣λ󽫾ɨħޣһλ󽫾Ҫ·Ϊĸ֣͸˵ء
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û⣬ҵʵҲֻһսս񼶱ħޡҶǳ˵ͷ漴ɵ
ս񼶱ħ㲻õģһḺӲжս񼶱ħޣһԴҴ򲻹ǾҽҸ߲Ѫ˵
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ˣһӦø£ҴȥǰɡѪ˵֮󣬴Ҷǳ뿪㳡
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һҶǳ͸ҪԼʵˣʱ򷴹ҪëǱǾͶˡ
ҶǳԼʵ
Խʱ䣬Ҷǳںʯģÿ춼ʯֻҪûʲô飬ͳ֮С

ת֮䣬µ׾͵ˣҶǳǧʿ뿪ǣȥɨħޡ
һ·ϣֻҪսϵħޣҶǳ֣ǧʿˡ
һЩһһս񼶱ħޣͽֻǿħޣҶǳŻԼ֡
ɨ񲢲ǺѣΪÿ¶УôѾħɨĲˡ
ټѪѲһƬһǿһЩħޣᱻҶǳǲûʲôΣաֻʿˡ

ǣܼҡ
һܼҼǰĺӣ˵ҷܼȫǵİ˶һ飬ڽȷϡ
˵գܼҼһָǰգ֮Уʱ۳Ҷǳò
һһսһսѾ˽ҡֱַҶǳҶǳķǳһɱƲĴƣǽѪһ󽫾СӣѧԺ˵츳λŰࡣ
ܼҼ˵
һܹɱƣһʵλ۷壬λڽСʵᱻѹһս񾳽磬սﵽλΡǴ˵Ļȷп֡
ߣѾȷˡܼҼдź⣬Ц˵ϾͿԿóС磬Ϊսʵľ磬ڽǵʱҲӵսʵΪֻǼ뽭֮ŷϳΪ˵СˣΪȱݣ˭ɵ÷ϳΪ
Ե˵ͷ˵ȷֻдСˣŻϳΪΪҪֲԼȱݡ


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ȻĿѾȷˣǵ֣ܼҶ֣ѪĴ󽫾нܣЩ鷳ܼҼ漴üͷƺԽҺܼɵ
δ֮ǰܼҲܱ¶ǵְɣѪÿµ׶Ҫȥɨһħ𣿽ʱұɱ˵
ܼҼԣԴɵؿǰĺӣʵѪ൱ܹƤ»ɱҶǳС𣿡
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ܿţ츳ѾǸ߼սˣһССսȷ⡣ӵ˵ͷ漴תȥ

ǣҶǳµѪ˳أԻ˲ħʯֵǧࡣ
ջȻҶǳ⣬Ϊһĵʯﵽٿ飬һҪǧʯµ׵һɨȻġ
Ҷǳֲ뽵ٶȣôֻ׬ȡʯˡ
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ҶǳЩʧ
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ҶǳɫһţʲôʱҵĳƺˣҶôˡ
ǰ˰ս½ͻȻѾʮˣ˵ϲϡҪǻͨˣүүˣϥٺЦ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ˵½Щ˼ǧϹǻ۵ĺݣˣ㲻ѧԺúʲô飿
㲻ҹ۲Ǹܿ˵ļһ𣿡ɫҲ֪ΪʲôһڳԽӽңҵĴݾߣŸӽȻͳΪˡѡңµ׵ʱһЩ˳ȥޣĥսҲһȥ
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ƲѧԺֻһСţһܼҵĵϵӵܣ˵ôԵ޹ʽӽңȻһЩСֶΣɺϵؽӽңѣҾһжŵģΪıҽύ
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ֿܣһΪ㣬ϾѪĴ󽫾ҲһǿߣܼҺͽҾܼңעҲҪͨң£㡣ڶ֣Ǿǵݱ¶ˣҪǽ
Ҷǳ۾һУ˸ֿ󣿡
ڶ֣ߵҪ£㣬ûҪѾ˼ӽң̸ֱֱ㣬ϾֻһһսȻЩǱûбҪǷô˼
ҶǳЦս½˼˻ʣıԶô࣬Ҳõڶֿ󡣲Ӧþǵڶ֡
Ҷǳɫߵİ˽ǣֻһͣȷû˻עǡҳΪѪĴ󽫾ǾͿ϶˵ĹעܼҵҪҾͺˡңϳΪҲǿóġЩǻս½е˷ռͨ˳
˵ͷ漴ʵô˵ܿԼµ׳ȥħޣΪ˰ɱң
ٺ٣Ѫÿµ׶ҪȥɨħޣʱԼȥնһɡңһĿǶԸңڳڣǺɱңֻܵµףҳȥʱɱҡ
Ҷǳ뵽Щ£ЦλҪлˣûϢξˡ
ʲôƻȻԷѾ֪ǵݣǾǶΣҲ㲻´Ρüͷ˵
ûа취ģ
ҶǳµұҪȥɨְڣҲ󽫾ǣְλܹҴܶʯҪЩʯ
ͬˡ̯̯֣ǵ˵ңǲ֪ǶԸɳʲôĶ֡
ȻңǵȻҵʵô϶ɳսɳսļʺСҲųܡҶǳ
Լ͸ܳȥˡ
ȥУҪʯʵҶǳµ׵ʱӦÿԽΪʮһս𾳽磬ûʯҵٶȻήͺܶġ
׼ô죿ʵ
Ҷǳ۾һУ˵ֱˣҾãԵʵӦ׾ǣȴܼǱ˵һõռǣĻǾͿԽ赶ɱˡ
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֮ǰǵʱ򣬿ķöûУң׼Ƚս񾳽ȥݡҶǳҲûԼĴ㣬ֱ˵
Ѫ˵ͷ˵㿼ǵĲս񾳽磬ʵҲǿһЩЩɾ͸лˡˣʵҪĴķãΪٹãսҪʼˣʱǻᰲһЩȥݣҲԼУǽġ
ŶʲôսҶǳʵʱµ顣
ѪЦ˵νսһȺ棬μսˣһս񣬶ҶûмɵɢޡսݼɷģΪıھݵţȻнԼɡսȴ½½ĸ֧ҲΪھš
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ҶǳҲĶѣʱʵ֪սʲôʱʼ
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ǰһǧô˵ǱݻǧȥݲμսҶǳһ
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ǧʲôÿһսƼʮţд붼Ǳߵģ޺Ҳв٣ֻǱѪ̾
ҶǳĬȻǧʮ򡭡ⱱݵȷЩǵ׵ġ
ˣսһ˵ʲô飿û²ҵġѪ漴ЦſҶǳ
Ҷǳ뵽Լ⣬ʱɫ֪Ѫͳ˵𣿡
Ѫԣʱһ⣬ӴѹҲչֳѹҶǳһ
֪ʲôѪѹضҶǳ
Ҷǳ˿漴һѧԺѧϰ˹ӽᵽ˵ҪҺҵѼûͬ⣬ҹǻµ׵ʱҺҵѳ֡
һ仰߷ּ٣ѪǿҲ޷ֱ档
ѡǶԵģǳ츳ȫԼ벹̡ЩɣûҪһȺļһΪ顣
Ѫ˵ͷ漴ҶǳʵǸӽѵ˭ȷǵ𣿡
ܿˣܼҼһӣ˵ȷҶǳæ˵
ܿˣôܣѪһ漴ɫҪģǣʹˡ
ҶǳҲ֪Ѫţ˵Ѫͳ죬㲻ŵĻµʱиѣܿµ׳ȥԣʱǲǵˣһˡ
ãҾһˡѪ˵գҶǳͻȻЦ⣬Ҫ˱ѣ㣬԰ɣ
ѪͳӢҶǳԿЦʵ޷ֲܲȥɨħޣֻæˡ
СӴɣǱߵİȫҸߣһҸ߲ʱɳһǿǱµʿСѪЦ
Ҷǳϲɫæ˵ǾͶлѪͳ졣
Ҳ˵̫磬ҿ㣬ǽҵĸ߲㲻㣬ûɱ㣬Ҳ޷жܿ˾ǵˣ»ᱻҸϳȥϾǲһƭӴѪѪ漴˵
Ҷǳɫصص˵ͷ˵ף漴תȥ
ѪҶǳıӰʧйâ˸Сӻ©̫ˣһ仰߷ּ٣϶˺ܶ顣һյ׵ȵµ׾ˣϣСӲҪƭңͱҲˡߣ
⣬ҶǳϻԼӣ뵽ѪҲ֪һЩ飬ҿ϶˱ҺģֻҪµʱɱңôһоͶ⡣ƺܵӵƾ轭ʵôҵӵƺҲһЩ֪顣
ҶǳоǣԼݣƺһ
ʡ


846 ʷ
ȥɣ
УҶǳ˻֣뿪
ȥıӰüͷ壬¶ɻ֮ɫ˾Ȼ֪Ĵڣ֣ôô᲻֪
ղѾ̽ˣȷ֪Ĵڣǲ˵ѡ
ǺôҲսȻֻͼһսô֪
ҶǳԽо̺ˡ
ͬʱԴ˷ǳ档
ǣ뿪ӣҲĵطѰһЩ顢¼ۿ
Щ鼮ûʲôֵصҲһЩʷϢԽҲǺܿأѪκ˹ۿ
ֻЩսŻơ
ҶǳԼҪ벹̵ģԶԽҵĹսûʲôȤֻΪ̽Ѱܡ
һ죬Ҷǳڴ˵عۿ飬Աݣǵʷ˽˺ܶࡣ
ԭݲһֱôںǰҲǿȻȲݣԲȶޡޡݲ
ʱݳǿߣǷֱǱ˶ǺͲ̴ʼ˲һĳǿߣ½˲֪˲
ǳУһֱսϣб߳ǣı߳ǣƥȲ̡
Ҳ󣬴޵ͬǿޱȡ
Ƕ߳Ǻ޵ɱϣֱһսɱñ߳Ӯսͳ˱ݡ
һսܾˣȻˣҲشԪ޶ࡣ
ͬʱ޵УǱ߳Ҳò˶٣սϵǿ߼ˡ
ݴأҲܵصƻԴѷʹñݳΪһ
޵ǵǰˣֻû뵽ǿ󡣡Ҷǳ档
꣬޵ȻˣǹӲдĵȴǳΪ½һ
෴߳ȴ߳ǵķ⣬һսûУΪ½
⣬Ҷǳ֣ҡܼңϣǱ߳ǵĵϵҲѹֽһӵˣϾǼʮˡ
ֻҶǳֵǣܼҲǵУô
ңı߳ǳûˣԵʵӦÿ߳ǣΪλű߳ǣ
Ҷǳ϶߳ǿ϶еƣԶԿĵơ
ˣ걱ɱȻشϾ϶߳µƣԷֹı
ҶǳȻ뵽
ǱԼԪ޶ʱҲ϶µƣԼı߳ǡ
ͬҶǳ뿪ս½ʱҲһЩƣػѧԺ
ˣЩ鶼ûϵֻҪɹ˽ټɡһսҾȥݣʱ벹̣Ҳκβҡ
Ҷǳ漴ҡҡͷе鼮һ
ɢڿеĻҳҶǳ̾ϢһҲѹ᲻֪ĴڡϾʷмʮˣͱȴˣҲֻнΪ͵вŻǵá
صУҶǳóʯ
ת۾͵µףҶǳΪͻƣʮս۷徳磬ʮһսԶˡ
óˣ
Ҷǳ˫йâ˸
µףעƽ
ҶҪȥѧԺܿǻˣҪҵȫ⴫
֨
Ҷǳƿţ˳˵ģѪͳڰи㣬㲻µġ㣬»㣬취ܿ˱¶Լǵӵݡ
ٺ٣ˡЦŵ˵ͷ漴תȥ
ҶǳҲǰѪӪ
úҶǳһǧѪ뿪ǣʼɨΧħޡ
뿪Сӣɱҵˣ½ҲһӣԶԶظҶǳһ˵ĺ档
ֱҶǳһѾԶǺ󣬺ӲŶȻ٣׷Ҷǳ
ţ
ҶǳͣסŲȥһ٣ǿϢ޷أҶǳӦˡ
𣿡ҶǳǳһĨЦͬʱһȺʿеĳ˰˵ͷ
䣡
ٶȺܿ죬һڵҶǳǰ
ʲôˣ
䱸
Ҷǳµȵ
ͬʱһǧѪսԴ
һȺϣҹмһӣʱƥ۳һɷ籩һǧѪɳȥ
ֻҶǳǿ֧סˡ
ս񣡡
ãǶս񣡡
Ҷǳµʱɫ䡣
ҶǳҲǰ𾪣ҿԼ׼Ȼξˡ


847 
˭֪Ѫ𣿡Ҷǳǰĺӣȵ
ʵԷװͲµԷǵˣϾˣɵװҲ֪һ
ѪǽﶼϣοѪмҶǳɭЦεĿ겻Ѫ㡣
˵գֱ̧ƣͳҶǳץȥ
ڵľ֣һĺ֮Уա
ضʱ޾âɵˡ
һзǳǿƣûҶǳҲΪ½ܹԽս
οҶǳս񶼲ǣսĶ֣
䣡
ȻڴʱһɿֲĵҶǳ
˲䣬һƺƵĵ⣬۳ƥľâ˺Ѳգնǰĺڰ֡
ն
ɫһ䡣
漴һƬ¡
һ̣ҵĵâͽڰ˺ѣ˺ѣǰĺӡ
ͣ
Ѫɣ۾ŴҶǳǵӰ
նǽҵĵϵӵܣɫޱȡ
ҶǳıһӳѪʿսף¶ΣҶǳ˵ͷ漴ӣߵղ˵ǽﶼϣ
ɫһ飬벻ͨôһǿҶԷܹһлȻս
ֻǣһεжǳأôܵԷķ
ѵܼңܣܼҲұǵġ
ߣ
˼תվתӣҶ˵ϻ
Էս񣬾ԲԿĴڡ
ݣ
ҶǳһֱעӣԷҪߣһʱӿٶȣ
ռ
ҶǳһޱȣҵĽâͬϵǳһҫ۶ĿǰĺӶܵһ˿в
Сӣ
Ӵŭһս񶼲ǵϣȻҲ
䣡
˲֣һɳʮɫɣҶǳĽâҶǳҲѪɡ
ȻˣҶǳȴ¶Цݡ
ԭӵʱλҵսѾϹˡ
ȻˣǾɡ
ҵǿһ漴гһѩ賤貵ĵâϵطɳӷƬռ䡣
ɶ񣡡
Ӽ״ʱ֪ҶǳնģϧҪѾˣֻӲͷƤͽҵλսսԶǶԷĶ֡
ˣҲаߣҶǳٶȺܿ죬ÿÿڹؼʱ̣ܽסƬ̣͵޷ѡ
ˣ
ԽԽ֪ȥԼɡ
ռʱҶǳٶɱǿ׼ʱں¶ʱʩչɱһ
Ҷǳʵ˲ӣںӵĴ󲿷񶼷ӦǿߵĹУҶǳץס˻ᡣ
ͣ
ҵĽâһ磬ӵؿڹᴩ
Ѫɽ⡣
һˣҲһɣץסɫؽصҶǳһŨаϢϯҶǳС
áҶǳɫһ䡣
СģҵǿҲȵͬʱѸٳ֣һҵĵâкӡ
ӵĹҲݺݵҶǳϡ
Ȼ֪ԼˣҪҶǳ汳
ۣ
ܵһҶǳ˶ΪѪˣܲסӵĹ
ͬʱҲǿһ룬˲
ϧˣǿ߿ŻΪѪҶǳЩźҡҡͷ
Ҷǳ϶ˡ
ڴʱΧѪʱΪҶǳӡ
ֻǣҶǳʱɫҰףȻƺء
ţѪû뵽Ȼôѹֿս𾳽緢ӳսǿû뵽Ҷǳʱ¶֮ɫ
ǰǣҶǳȻ֪ǰ֮ǽǿߣ֪˭
ǽҼ죡Ц˵ҶǳĿ⣬һ˿͡
Ҷǳһѹִʵôǿԭǽҵļ
ԭǼҶǳæ
˰֣Ц˵ζѣȻһ֪ڻ˵ܼҡˣѪ˵ɡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ɨҶǳעû취ˣϾأûȥָơ
ҲҶǳˣֱӴǡ
Ҷǳһӣóֵҩʼָơ
һֱڹŹǰһ飬ӵѪ磬Ѿˡ


848 ʮ
һ£Ҷǳչػָƣʯ͸ֵҩİ£ƲָˣΪҲͻƣﵽʮսԲ磬ͻƵʮһսҲԶˡ
ҶǳƵǣʯùˡ
ûʯӸô
Ҷǳ̾
ʯٶȣͰûǸġ
£ҶǳԳˣϾȥһ£Ҳ֪Ǳߵô
죡죡ҶǳԺе
ûĻ
ҶǳһɨʱûӰѵȥѧԺѧϰ
Ҷǳ漴ǰѪסѪЦ˵ָô
ȫָˣµװɣҴȥ˳ȥɨҶǳ˵ҲǿʱصģϾ˷ÿµ׵ɨ񣬲Ȼõʯ
ˣѪȴҡҡͷ˵Ժ㶼óȥɨˣȻ»Σա
ҶǳһѪˣϴǱߵô
ѪǸܿ˵ȷǵˣߴһöԪһҵϷԪ˲뿪ҹһ񡣲ģѱҾˣֻûгܿˣԺȴǲˡ
ԪҶǳüͷһ塣
Ѫ֪Ԫ㿪ڽ͵ߵȰԪǿߣڴﵽս񾳽󣬲Ƶõķġһ˲뿪Ǳһ㿴ܼҺ͵Ĺϵ͸ˣȻôֱܻ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ɻȻѾ֪ܼҸĹϵѵûʲôû𣿡
ûô򵥣ѪЦܼұǽһҪǿ󣬶Ҹǽһ߳ǵĺᡣԣûоԵ֤ݣǲǵĻֻΪǽҪܼҡ
ҶǳĬȻ֪Ѫ˵ĲܼǵûоԵ֤ݣȷѽ⵹
ֻѾǳ׵ܼңǱ߻˵ֻɱ˵һСܲŲСϷܼҵܿ˲ˣ϶Źġ
ǵĻҵ֧֣ܹõʯһڳΪսû취սȵ´սͲ֪Ҫȶˡ
Ǻǣǲڵû㹻ʯѪƺµҶǳеĵǣЦ˵ģϴλɱֳ˾˵츳ʵǽҼʮʯһ֮Ժ󷢴ˣɲǽҡ
ʮʯҺôҶĳ͸мˡҶǳм˵
ĵײûжٸмʮʯѣж£ҵǴ˸⡣
ȻҶǳҲ֮ˣô˵ҶһæˣԺȻỹҡ
ҶǳȥܹȡʮʯȻ󷵻Լӿʼ
ÿҪǧʯʮ±ʮʯ㹻ҽս񾳽ˡҶǳ뵽
Դ㹻ˣͿһս񾳽硣

⣬ʱܿ˷糾͵ǰ
ǰϤĸߴţܿɫ
Ԫ̫ˣұ͵һȺħ֮У㵱ɱڹؼʱͻƾ磬ӹһ١
߽ܿڣأû뵽ѪڰУ׷ʲô飿ѵѾڻܼ𣿡
ܿأһ·ܸ
ܸͽһɣռ⿿ͬһгǡ
ܼܿҵĵϵӵܣûκܼҼӡ
УܼҼɫصؿǰܿˣ˵ѪˣҪɱ㡣
ӦҪץסңܿɫһȺħ޽ǶɢȻҰи棬ҪŻɱû뵽ҶֵʱѪˡȻ֪ǵˣҪץסңҵȻץסԾʹ˴Ԫߡ
ˡ
ܼҼϣָô棬Ȼָһͣü²Ծһɱһѣ˵Ͷǵжָơǣǵжֻ֪Ҳɵй¶ȥô֪
ܿ˵˵ͷ˵үүҲҵʣ㽭һܼҺ͵ᣬôܲµõǻµ׶Ҷǳ֣ңֻҲͲڼϸԭ򡣡
ųвܣǾֻʣ±Ȼˣ
ܼҼȻܿˣȻ֮еһй¶Ϣ
ʲôܿɫһ


849 
үүŪ˰ɣܿ˾ɵؿǰ𾴵ܼҼüˣүүų⣬λʹҲųϾѾˣѵүүڻң
ҵӣҿųģôܻỳ㡣ܼҼЦҡҡͷ漴˶й¶ģѱй¶
ܿ򣬺ȻͫһүүһֱڼУʹҲڰУǶû˽Ȼй¶Ǿֻʣˡ
ܿ뵽ɵó˼һ뵽ıֻ벻ͨΪ̸ʱûбֳԼǵϢ
ܿ˲ɵðʸܼҼ
ܼҼˡ
ܿɻûе֪ڹӽҲµһô֪ǻµ׶Ҷǳ֣ң붯Ҹֵģѵƾһ仰ҾǣΪܼҸ˹᣿
ܼҼ۾Ŀ¶⣺ûмǴĻڼʮǰһȺȥڵС磬˵ʱ㣬ڰϳ˵Ļ
ܼҼû˵꣬ܿ˶ʱɫһ䣬Ǿܿ϶ǵˣȻȥ飬Ǿܲµǻǳ֡һǾͿ붯ңΪڽ˵ֻǳȥһ˶ѣһȷܼҺ͵ᣬǾͶǽ
Ȼϵ㣬ôʶǣܼҼգ˻֣ڰ۳Ҷǳò
ͲˣΪܿͬѧܿ˺Ϥ
ܿĿҶǳ˵ҲʶǵһμǰҶǳ֮ǰѧԺſڼʱƺҲһۣһֺϤĸо
ܿһоէ䣺ˣʱϳңҿ϶ҲȻܸһϤĸо
ܿ˲ɵóڻ֮Уʮǰȥս½Щսҵӵܡ
Уһ˺ҫۣ½һţʱ
ˣǽ硣
㱼䣬ܿ˵УҶǳϵںϡ
ƲòΣ˫񣬶һģһ
ԭ磬Ҷǳͬһˡѹ֣츳ʵܿɫԼ۸ܼҼ
ܼҼ˵ͷ˵ȱݵС磬ܻ½ţȷ˲á
һɱܿս˫ȭɱ
ܼҼҡͷֻһСɱɱǵӰ첻ǣνѾȷܼҺ͵ˣȻǵһ֮ʣǿ϶ڰж;裬ԺǾ͵øСĺͽˡ
ΪҵĴüѣҷģһɱҶǳġܿҧгݵ˵
ܼҼ˵ͷ˵ȻӰ첻󣬲ȻѾˣЩǱǾǰ飬²뿪ˡ
ûϵţ϶μʮºսպãʮµʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ҽս񾳽ˣʱҾս֮н
ܿţ·һж֮У˵ҵѾ¶ˣսĻᣬÿ뿪ݣǱݵЩ֮Уνһá
ɱˣܼҼѵʵɲȻȱݣƾѪһ֮սӦûᳬԽһλ񡣡
үүģһô꣬еİһҳ񣬱Ȼλ۷壬ȻɱЩѡǣүүˣβμսŵУ֪жǵء
ܿɭЦʵұǿǵôţѵɱһˣ
ţԼվͺãүүԴáܼҼ˵ͷܿܿˣΪܼҲѵһĳţܼҵһ

һҶǳ
һºҶǳ˳ؽʮһս𾳽硣
׼չʮս𾳽ʱжȻһɿֲѹ
٣Ȼڳս񾳽磡Ҷǳһʱƿţ˳ȥ
Уܲ
޴Ľƣڲϵš
ȻҶǳ̾ٵĿֲʱԶУٶȳһƣһƳ֡
̶ʱڣȻڶ٣ʵ̫ˡ
ң˶ڽڶɽ٣˵ǽˡ
ҿǴ氡û뵽֮껹ܿڶ١֪ʱ˹еĽƣ̾


850 ٶ
Ҷǳͷһۣ˵սҪʼˣЩ˿϶ѹΪһֱսǽս񾳽磬Ӷμս
ԭˣЩ˻νѹΪһٳս񾳽磬һɹʵضͻͽսеٮٮߡ˵ͷ
ʱ䣬ڵ̸սĻ⣬սҲ˽⡣
ϧˣûμһսˣҶǳЩźҡҡͷս磬ս֮ǰͻƵս񾳽磬ֻܵȴһսˡ
ٺ٣ʲôÿϧģҿû츳μսûʲôôȻ˲̣ȻٰнȥٺЦսŲء
սŵأͨ˽ȥǸ
ÿһսҫ۵ų֣Ǻܶ˶ˣЩҫ۵Ž£ǲʬ塣
һǿݣ˵ıˡ
ˣʱ䣬ܿû鷳Ҷǳ漴ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵һһֱûѧԺ˴һ£˵һڼұչأҲΪ˳ս񾳽磬׼μһսˣһҪС츳ǿһս񣬺пλ۷徳磬ܼҲ˺ˣ»սж֡
Ǻǣģھλ۷ʵһҽս񾳽磬ֵһᡣҶǳҡҡͷŵ
ȴɫص˵ˣˣǵˣ˭֪һսУǱ˶ٵˣ㵽ʱɲֹһˡ
Ҷǳɫһݣ˵ͷ˵ˣҵĶ֣пܻṴˣȷҪģԱİһеġϾҽս񾳽֮ҵĴԪҲͽˡ½˲ˡ
ţ˲ͨˡҲ˵ͷ
䣡䣡䣡
Ȼд졣
̧ͷȥֻеѾʼˣ׷׷׽ܵ˰ѹ
ҶǳĺϸΪٹãֵɽˣȻţǰ׼õġ
ͨιۿ˶ɽ٣ҶǳһоžŰʮһ׺һξ׽٣ڶʮ׽١Դƣ˵ھʱžŰʮһһ٣ֱֳأǳֲ
ҶǳԼĵģϾѾﵽѪ磬۷ͻָͬǿģ޷ɹ٣˻ʲôɹ
ۿ֮Ҷǳݼ
ļ£ڲʱ˶ɽٳȻܶǵţãսʼʱս񾳽磬ӶԱμս

ʱת۹ȥ
һ죬һǿϢҶǳ洫˳
һ̣зƻۣһɿֲѹͻȻ١
ãҶҪ𣿡ֱӱѹſ棬𾪡
أ
һֻŶǹ⣬һץסӳԺӡ
Ҫɽ٣Զ㣡Ҷǳ
ͬʱҶǳѾԺϿա
¡¡
УƲϵţֲѹ
һ̣һӰԶۿҶǳɽ١
˭
Ѫһλ󽫾Ҷǳ
֪ˣ˵ûг֮ǰѪ磬һʵλһʵȻᱩǣǱС

һЩҵ۷׷ס
ԶҼ죬ˣҲڹۿҶǳɽ١
дܹܽѪͳ죬ԼѪ󽫾ʮλڹۿҶǳɽ١
׼μս𣿡Ѫһ߹ۿҶǳɽ٣һ߶ߵλ󽫾˵
ҡҡͷ˵̫ˣûʲôǱһΪʱۻģЩҲҡ
ɪһۣ漴ǵ˵ͷ˵׼һΣʧˣԺͰĴѪˡ
ҲãѪɪЦ˵ǲİ꣬ս֮лǺģȷһԣһɿˣȴѪǿˡ
䣡
Ȼ޾׵
Ѫʱ˵ˣٿʼˣǶϸɣ˿˲á
ﻹû˵꣬ͱˡ
ΪߵУҶǳȻû˿Ӳӭס
ҪӲףĥԼ
⡭Ǻεȵķ񰡣
˵Ѫˣһ̣ڹۿҶǳɽٵˣҶǳķٶˡ


851 
ӣһǸӣ
찡ĥѪ磬ҲܵסٵĺȫЦ
̫ˣҳô󣬻ǵһμĥ

ڣ
ҼˣһʼɫЩм˿̶ɫޱȡ
ֻ쿪˵ĳ̶ֳ˵Ӿ͵ͬţΪѡ񣬲ͳšǼסţǿţݶʤԣһҪСĽܴ⣬ܽ
˵תͷǰˣĿ˵ҪǣǸûнıǮҸǵĿܹ꣬һɾ㲻ˡĶɣͿǵĻԵˡ
˶ĬȻص˵ͷȻǵЩȴǰôʢˡ
ȻҶǳĴڣǶˣĵ

¡¡
ͬʱҶǳڽµĥ
ȷܷ񣬾ĥֱ裬ڹŹǰ裬ȫ档
Чȷܺãھٵϴ֮ûڻǿˡ
ȻѪ磬ҵҪٴνͷǳˣĥĻԵ
Ҷǳ̫ͬһ貣˫Ŀ׵һ⡣
ľٶ󣬸޵еš
ȻƴҲо˵ƣҶǳûյ̡ûоԵţҲô
Ŷĥľ飬ҶǳףֻҪպһȣ˵һƽ⣬˳ؽĥ
ңѾͨ׼ҵľ׾ټϵս½ʱȥ׳ĥ׵ǳС
Ȼµ׵Ӳ׵ķ룬ҶǳЩյġ
䡭
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ӺݣϣѳЩʣƼһ˴Ůʲ
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ҶǳŴŮܹܵŮ̺Ŀֲڳ˵УҲֻдŮܹһЩѹ˶ֵһᡣ
벽ԲǿߣȻС

԰ԶһյϣѾúһʯʯΣʱԬκ׷
ԬκȻŮӣУ˴к֮󣬱㿪ֱ˵λѾϢһεսݳֵɶ꣬ʮ˴콾ǴԲǿߣӣǰ벽޵еĿֲ
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ҶǳҲԬκ˸档
λѪҶ֣԰ɣǸĵܵ˵ˣҶֵʵǿԬκ΢΢Ҷǳ漴Ц
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ΧȺдĻҶǳüͷ΢΢һ壬ԬɫҲԼղŵʲôˡ


862 ֵ
ؿջ·ϣ˶ĬţԬҲ޻˵
ΪԬκһݵ콾λԲĴڣǿԿ
㣬ģʵҲֻҪСĵ㣬Ҳδκε㣬ǶԶͺˡúԬ̲סο
Ԭκҡҡͷаձǵأ
㣬ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ܱˣߣսԸģûչˡԬߵ
Ԭκ̾ϾҶǵģǲŽᣬǾͻ۸ˡ
㣬ֻں㣬˵ƨ¡Ԭҡҡͷ
ҶǳʱҲ˵սԸģȻˣǾҪԼе
ԬκҶǳһۣ漴˵һϢܿҪɱ㡣
ʲôһԵԬɵܿҪɱҶ֣Ϊʲôⶼʲôʱˣﷴ
ҶǳԵúܵ˵ɱңҲҪɱ
ԬˣгԹٶԡ˼ҵĳԹ顣
ԬκҶǳѵܿѾͶֽܣε˽ãݵʮ˴콾֮һղŵǸ˾õĵֽܵܣһ벽Բǿߡ
лѣҶǳ˵ͷ֪Ԭκʾã顣
쵰ȻͶˣ£ǽͷݣǵţܼҵ˶һȺöԬһܿͶĳˣʱҶǳվͬһսߣܿŭ
ԬκҡͷʶʱΪܰˣˣиѡ˺Լˡ
˵߽꣬˿ջ
ҶǳԬҲ̻صԼӡ
һݺҶǳЩȲóڷԵõĲȱ鼮ۿ
ţսʿƪսƪ
ҶǳҳŹȱ̫ˣ˵ûЩ̵ĴֲͨȱݵĹֻ֮
濴ֲȱݹһƪֱսʿƪսƪսƪսƪսƪ
ڣҶǳֻпսʿƪսƪûкƪ
ȻҶǳ½սģҲﵽʮս𾳽磬Ҫսƪ
Ҫǰƪȱսƪսƪ
ˣֲܹһһ㣬Ȱ벹֮ıȡʣµƪ
ΣҶǳҡҡͷۿ
ȴսʿƪ
ݷǳɬѶҶǳѾһλսˣŹЩ׽̫ˣ˶ٶ
⻹ֻսʿƪսƪѡ
ҶǳûѡֻĲԼھԵ۷״̬
ʱǴﵽľΪĺôֳˣԴǿˣʱ̴侲״̬Ųҡ
״̬²򹦷Чһǧ
һʱһξ͹ȥˣҶǳȻûսʿƪѾ⣬ֻҪٲһʱ䣬Լһܹ
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ڷǳԼ½սͲҪսƪˣԤϵõսƪµġ
ߣߣԬκĻƾʲôһ
ԣԬκݵ콾ûеֻҪǲԬκһݵ콾ŲЩС
һ߰ɣԬκˣẦǵġ

Ȼһ
Ҷǳüͷһ壬ԼԼһЩ²йء
ֻ޷չزսʿƪҶǳʱƿţ˳ȥ
ʱһȺǵǣ۷׷ףϡ
ҶǳԬڲԶ˹ȥʵʲôˣ
ԬܲãߵΪϵ鴫ˣЩ˵ҴǣָҴ㣬ҪҴȥֽܵǸߣҲ룬ǴôΪǣȻĻƾҴı£սԱ㹻ˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷԬ˵ĲԬκλ벽ԲʵսԱ㹻ˡ
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ڴʱԬκһȣЯŻջڳȫѹȥ
˶ʱԬκ
ֻԬκɫ䣬ɨڳˣ˵ֻһ仰ԬκˣŵĿ뿪뿪ܵҵۣȫȥͶֽܣǵңҶƽϡ˹սҸΪսԬκҲ飬ûвɢϯ룡
˳ĬƬ̣漴вˡ
ԭǵ߰ˣֻʣٶˣЩ˶ϵܺãԬκϵܺãоǽеһЩѪԵˡ
ҶǳȻҲ


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ٶˣԬκɫ˺ܶ࣬һ֣ص˵ԬκҲʧֻҪһţҾͻƽͨս
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷȻ٣ȴŽһģԭȵ߰αɢǿˡ
Ҹظݣȴս
Щ뿪İٶˣѾڳڵԬκҲһЩʵǿģȥͶֽܡ
ֽҲ˵ˣƽЩ뿪ˣЩˣԬκһܵĴ
ʱһξ͹ȥˣ̫Ψһһţ·һΡĴɽһУ
һ̣һɺġɣۻϢӳ
ʱѾȺڴ˵һ½ţ׷׽ս
ⳡǳ֣̤շУ˼Ԧޣϥڷ棬ž
ϻǵϣˣѹѹһƬ飬ɽ˺֪жˡ
˽սҶǳ͸оΧѸټ٣Ϊսʵ̫ˣٶˣսɵġ
ټЩٶȿ죬һӾʧʣʧڹսΧԽԽ١
ңҶǳ֣ܶ뿪ķ򶼲һɵתͷѯʽɣǲҪȥһɽѵ·ȥɽ
˵գҶǳóһͼ̫ǹĵͼܱˣ׼ȷ·ͨսأյִͨ塣
ԱߵĽԣʱסˣ㵵ؿҶǳ
Ԭ˹Ҷǳõĵͼ漴Ц˵Ҷ֣ȻֵͼʲôЦͼ𣿡
ѵͼϵ·д󣿡ҶǳɻؿԬ
ԱߵĽѩһЦҶǳ͵ͼûģ·ҲûдǣǹսΣ·ȥߣǿ϶
ҶǳȻ漴ָЩӲͬ뿪ˣʵЩ˵ĵͼǴģ
̫з߼ĵͼ߼۸ܹ󣬶׼ȷҲޡܶ˶бģ˵սǣдģ¼ߵ·ߡ
Ԭκʱ˵Щһǵ·䰲ȫ̶Ҫеĵͼ·ǿ˺ܶ࣬Щ뿪ˣҲٴӱĵͼõ˵ͼ
ҶǳɻȫԸһ˵Щܴߵ·϶ܰȫ
ûõģԬκҡͷûЩٶȺܿҪǸҸȥǾͻᱻΪˣɲ̫ǣɱ˵ġ
ҶǳʱˣЩص˵ͷ
ˣҳɣҪŰЩ·һϣսԶ׻ͻðʱǾΣˡ
Ԭκ˵
ȻҲǵһβսΪĴС㣬Ѿռϣг
Ҳ֪ԶĵظԬκ󣬳Źսȥ
ҶǳɵԬκԣʵֽ˵ҪԸ㣬Ѿ뿪̫ǣΪȴǶ֣ѵǰǣ
ڸԬκѡ
ԬκȻҲǰ׳գ˵ͷ漴ǵʱ̫࣬Ȳ˵ǷȺҵǣҵˣôڣҲҳ֡Ҫ֪սкܶ࣬˭֪ûһЩ֮ʱֽǲҵڳֵģпܵıǰ
Ԭκ˵ǳռ·ֹһ͵ͨսǰɽ·һ·ȫ̶࣬һֽδܹҵõǡ
ҶǳѵˣܿˣţҲͶֽܡ
Ԭκ˵ͷ˵֪Ҳ˵һ·ͨɽȲ˵ܿδ֪·֪ˣô϶һ
˵еҾãȻֽܸô϶Ҳİ취֪ߵ·þһЩҶǳ˵
Ԭκ΢΢һЦȻûֽܵ飬Ҳᾯ衣Ҫ֪ǹսĵ˲ֽܣǹսΣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ٶԡ
ҲֻһԬκʵʵֽЩˡ
սܴ˼·ٶٿ죬ӴĹսҲǷǳС
ú̫ɽϼȾߡ
ԬκȴûľɫͣסŲͷ˵һ̫ɽԶ׻ͻˣǱڴ֮ǰҸѹĵطɹһҹٸ·
ûȻǵе˶ûмԶ׻꣬ӳ˵Զ׻Ŀ£Ϊǲսˣ֮һԶ׻ġ


864 Զ׻
սĻǳɽ壬ҲǹͺͺģһѾʯѻɡ
ذ͹ƽûвľû˿ֻʯͻɳ
ҶǳڸѰŵĵطٶ˷ͷң̫ȫɽ֮ǰҵһȻɽ
ɽǳ޴󣬼ֱһȻһɽᴩɽ壬Ʊһȭ䴩һ
ԣǱһȭģ
վɽǰҶǳɫһ䣬Ϊܵһɿµȭ⣬ɽ֮ţȻ΢ȭǳ޵еİ
ʣһǿߴɽγɵɽ
Ҫ֪½½ΪطԵʣɽʯǳӲսҲѴݻһɽ
ǹսĴɽǶǾµĥǳӲޱȣϾôӲɽ嶼˴ݻˡ
֪ܹɽˣʵжôֲ
̫ҪɽˣҶ׼õԶ׻꣬ɽڣҴһߣһɽλŴء
Ԭκڰַɽڡ
ʼ󷨣ϾغԼ˭Ҳ⣬ǳ
ҶǳҲ˽λȥɽһߣûв񣬶ǴһߣĲһ˿޵İԵȭ⡣
ΪҶǳ֣ɰԵȭ⣬ԴİȭЩƣȫԽοԼİȭ
Ƭ֮ҶǳֱϥڵϣεİԵȭԼİȭԼİȭ
ֻΪȴЩڲ÷󷨵źܲܣָҶǳԽ˵ɸ磬Ƕæƾʲôɣ
԰ǶæŲ󷨣㲻ò󷨣ҲǴְ
һ̫˽ˣۻǣԼ֪͵

һЩָҶǳǳ
һЩȻûп˵ǵɫҲܹеĲ
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ϿˣǹսǵŽᣬԶ׻ҪˣΪǼָҶǳҪǲҪ
˻һЩָҶǳˣˣ漴ʼ󷨡
ָҶǳԺʱԣڻǲҪ˶ǰ׳գ֪ػȱסԼСҪ
ٶˣʵǿڲ󷨣ҶԼСЦԶóԼѹױ£Լǿ󷨲ó
ν˶ٶ˺̫ɽ֮ǰɽڲ󷨣ͭǽڡ
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˿Ч׷¶Цݡ
ֻǣûãϵЦݾˡ
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Сʱе󷨾ȫˣЩԶ׻ûм٣ˣƻȳһɱ
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ΪΪ

ѩɺͽָţͬʱһս󷨣֮Ȼӳ˿λ۷ʵڶǰߣɱųԶ׻ꡣ
ʣµţҲʼ֣һ۳ɳ磬⡣


865 ȭ
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ͬľ磬һЩʧȥĲл꣬ôܻһȺŵĶ֣
ڳÿˣܻɱһȺԶ׻꣬˵ĺ֮£ЩԶ׻ɽ
ڳˣȴûһ¶ЦݣΪǷ֣սԶ׻̫ˣɱ˳ǧ򣬺Զ׻겻ûм٣ˡ
˸ܵ˾޴ѹȻʵǿ󣬵վҪʵǰЩԶ׻꣬ȴԴԴҲǡ
οʵĹ󣬶ԸЩԶ׻ԽԽˡ
Сʱ򣬴󲿷ǵŶѾ۵ôӳʵҲֻȫʢʱڵ֮һ̫ˡ
ǽɡѩͽˣҲĺܴ󣬲ɶǰ棬Ϊʵǿһ˺ˣô˵ؾͻᱻԶ׻깥ƣȴǵĽ
ʱһЩ˸ʹ޴ں棬ϥҶǳˡ
ۻƴԶ׻꣬Ҷǳãôɽ棬ôܲ
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Ҷǳ㹻ûУ޳ܵ𣿸Ͽ
ҶƴƴȴϢ㻹ǲˣ
һŽʶûУ̫ɶˣôô޳ܵˡ

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Ҳҧţ˿ԷǲܣȴҵĽ
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ڴʱϥĿҶǳȻ˫ǱһɨΧˣʱ˱͡
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һĻǳ𺳣˽ˣҲɽϢ𾪡
ΪҶǳһ˵סҪɽԶ׻꣬·һΡ޷壬ɽ֮ǰܣǿƣ޵С
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ڻָͬʱҲڹۿɽս
ҲһϾҶԼİΣҰԼˡҶǳֲסǾûлָҲҪȥֵסЩԶ׻ꡣ
ʱţǶ׾ˡ
ΪҶǳɵɽǰЩԶ׻κβҶǳһһˡ
ʵ𣿺ǿ±һλ۷廹Ҫǿ󡣡ѩ֮ɫ
֣ҲδĶ֡ɵͷ˵
ɽеˣҲһ֮УһЩղŭҶǳˣ˿̶Щκ͵ģΪҶǳʵ̫ǿˣǿǼɵǸղŵΪѾλǿˡ
ǸղЩĺݵˣ˿̶һɫкڲѡ
򵽵İԵȭҵİȭ֮УҵİȭȻǸǿˡ
Ҷǳһ߻ɱųԶ׻꣬һ߸ԼİȭɵЦݣоϲ֡
ѹֺܶŶμսҪЩɣƬսصĻǰ
ҶǳԵúܿģû뵽ԼŽսãõһλʵ˲١
ʱڲ֪ţ𽥷ףڰˣ̫֣ɽеˣ¶µػϲЦݡ


866 췢
̫ˣɫĹâͻƺڰķʣشâ
ڰˣԶ׻ҲʧػָƽɵĻɣ
ҶǳվڶڣߴӰԡڽɫĹ£һ̫սһǿİһţշ硣
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ʱԬκһĿ΢ĵɨһۣ÷ûмһˣ˿¶һĨЦݣǱֲȻһ˶ûʧܺá
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ˣҶץʱϢǸ·ʱҪֵЩԶ׻ꡣԬκ˵תȥˡ
ڴҶǳת˽һۣ˵ڸתתȻָս
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뵽Ҷǳɵ÷ų֮̽С
ʱƬ£֫ϹǣǳĶ࣬ȫж١
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ԬκҶǳһۣҲûѯʲô漴˿ɫ˵ˣҳɣʱ䲻ˣǵڰЩ·Ȼ֪ʲôʱִܵɽ
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һжԬκ˲䴦·磬һҲģں򶨡ȫй޹ֻΪסֽ֡
ͬʱǵҲֽܴ˼ˣܿ˴һҲߵ߿ԼɱسҶǳ
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ֽҶǳĵҩ㵵ؿ㾹ȻҵҩָʵӦ÷ӡҵΪ𣿡
Ը񣬶Դ²ȻҪӡΪԷֹԷʲôԼ顣
ҶǳӡΪ˵ҩʵ̫֮ˡ
ָƣϻҪԶ׻꣬ô㻹͵
ҶǳƳһۣ˵ڣѵˣʲô
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Ƭ̺Ԭκ˻ϡ
ǣԬκҶǳֽܣüͷһ塣
Ҷǳ˵ҺһʽףһϢȡСȻǵĽĿǰֻһ룬Ҫɱҿ԰㶯֡
ֽһʱð亹æԬκ˵Ԭӣνԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬǰĲԣԬӷŹһΡ
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Щ˼Ԭκͬʯһ˸漴ؿֽܣãҷŹ㣬
û˵꣬Ҷǳӿڵ´ΣӵҶɱ
Ԭκ˵ͷҶǳĻԡ
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ֽҲˣҶǳɲԱ͵ô˵һҲһ벽ԲǿߣԬκڣǾͲҪҶǳٳֵˡ
Щ죬Ҷǳʱ仨ڲսʿƪ棬ѾоԼ볹սʿƪԶˡ
ڣһݺҶǳ㽫սʿƪȫֲԼսʿµȱݣʵ

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ʹֻǰ벽޵УһսУҲεǿˡ
ֽԽηˣ⣬Ժһܵˡ
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ȴǲԶҶǳڵâң˲֮֡
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ԭҶǳʵλԲ𣬶ֲսʿµȱݣʵٶǿܶࡣ
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ⶼǸ˵ѡҶǳԬκǡ
һ죬ҶǳûгȥˣǺʹҾۼһ𣬺ȾƳ⣬µٶС
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ҶǳЩȣѵһҵʲôܰɣʵλ۷徳綼ﲻܱòŶԡ
Ȼɻ󣬵Ҷǳ˹ȥ
ʱҲв˰ԬΧסˣƺܺԬҵʲô
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ϣԬ䣬Χ㴫һ󳰷
ͣҵҵʲôأԭǷʽһ޷ɵս
ʽȻսɱЦˡ
ԭһ׳գʽּսû˵ɱֱһЦ

Χһ󳰷漴ҡͷɢȥҲû֮ǰĺȤˡ
Ԭʱɴ۾κͲ⣬æԱһˣ̵λ磬ʽʲôȱݣǿôǶ˵սأ
ҶǳʱҲ˹Ҳܺ棬ʲôսᱻΪ޷ɡ
ֻԬסˣԬһۣ漴Ųͷؽ͵ʽȷǿ󣬵ӵһʽҪһڶʽҪԴƣҪھʽԲ磬ǾҪŴ˵սܹ𣿡
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ǰʽȻδԲҲ㹻ֽ׶ʹˡ
Ҷǳ˷ܵ
η֮Уûа
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Ԭκ˵ˣʮµС飬ʺϴԽɽʵϣЩ죬ʣµһٶλţѾˡҲϵ˽ˣҵܵܵ߸ˣǵʵԴԽɽͲõˡ
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ţĻҶǳ֮йâʢ̫һ㣬貵⣬Ҫȼ
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ʱ˿̣ڵˣԶվڳǽϵˣȫʱ֤ͬһλ
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ţħȭ
ţŭҶǳĿ꣬Ը
Ҷǳһȭϣܵв֪ԼҪƴˣ򼴱ԽһȭҲ˲ء
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̫çţޣȴԻɱޣеı壬Ѫǿޱȡ
̫çţһ㳯ҶǳɱЯ̫ŵĺϢֲƣϯ硣
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ˣҶǳ·ţʱ˵
ۣţһѪڵϣҧվȻؿһҶǳıӰתųǡ
Ȼˣټ¥
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ţȻ³çվǰ׳գ֪ԼڵǶųá
ֱҶǳ¥ԶվڳǽϵˣŽջĿ⣬һ˵϶𾪡
պţݵʮ˴콾֮һȻԼóϰܸҶǳһĴϢ
ųǶˡ
Ҷǳ֣ʱ˲֪˲


878 
˵ҶǳԱǡ
û뵽ȻһԲǿߣǱһγִԲǿ߰ɡ
ôû˵дԲǿߣ̫šԶʱ
ǣԺǲҪǵˡ

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ҶǳһҹҲ¡
Ԭκɵڿջڵ֪֮󣬶Ǽѡ
ǰһЩǣǱˣ¶ǹĿ
УԬκǰ̫ǵʱǵȥݷЩݵǿߣԷɫֽˣ෬衣
Ҷǳţ¥󣬸ҪԬκȥݷãЩݵǿ߱ѾԸϵԬκסĿջݷ
ԬκǳһжҶǳġ
ԣԬκóռ䷨ּд£ҶǳǴԲܿǵ
ܿ죬ǳظһصע
Ů֮Ĭһ仰Ѿ˱˴˵˼
Ҷǳչֳ츳ʵǳӣһǵİȫ˱֤

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Ҷǳʱһ˫˫ĿⶼЩĿ˶ǴԲǿߣԶһǿ־Щ־һγɵѹͺܴˡ
һ˸ܲסôԲǿߵ־ѹҶǳԵƮƵĿɨΧ漴ͿһϤӰá
Ҷ֣ɣóҶǳ˻֡
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷ漴Ա¡
ʺӿһãüͷ΢΢һ壬漴ָɫЦԭֹʶλӰ֪ɷܸʶ
ǲʺӣÿҶǳɻĿ⣬㴫
Ҷǳ۾ʱŲʺӣ֪Щʲô
漴Ц˵ʶҶҲЩΣǶ֪һĵܵܣǰʱãҶ֣Ҷִ˲С˹һҶֻ֪ԱǣҶǳ֮⣬ҾͲˡ
ԣЩ

½һݣ֪
ǵӡУѾܶûгֹԲǿˣȴһҶǳȻܾˡ
һ̣⼸֣ڳĴԲǿ߼档
ͬǴԲǿߣ˭Ҳ޾˭˭Ҳ˭
ԺǵˣҲῴҶǳϣŹǵһ
ԭҶǳǰ˵Ϲһλ֮£ҶʵֲףܴԲǿߣδزܳΪڶλ֮ʺӿ˵
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ȻڵһЩˣʺӵĻ֮󣬱Ҷǳ¶м֮ɫеĿ¶⡣
ǴԲǿߣʺôҶǳô룿
ǴԲǿߣ˭Ҳϱȱ˲Ǵһ
ǣһ˱ߵʺӿЦ˰ɣ֮Ǻεһèܹȼġ
ǰҶǳɰèˣڳ˶ǰ׳գһӾˡ
ʺ΢΢һЦҪıЧ
Ҫ䰡
ҶǳһʺӵĿ⣬Խˡ
ʺӣҲǿ¶ЦݣֻЦЩɭ˱󷢺
Ȼ䣬ȴıҶǳòУϾ˼ҶѾèˣҪǲŲʣǾͻᱻСЦ
ǣҶǳ̧ͷһǸˣ˵֮ҵȷһֻèè硣
˵ʲô˶ʱվ¶׹⣬ݺݶҶǳ
ղŻҶǳȴֱ˵Ҫ˺ˡ
ôҸղŵĻ𣿡Ҷǳؿ鷳Ҳ鷳
ڴڵˣֵÿ֣Ҳϣܹ̽һҶǳʵ
ȻղҶǳѾţһֻ˫һȭȻҲܹһҶǳʵϾսѵ֪˴˵ĵơ
úúã֣һսۣ˵Ҷǳһۣ뿪ϯλ߳¥
Ҷǳվʺӣ˵˰ɣ
Ҷӣʲô˼ʺװ¶ԻɫֻеЦݣȴԵõޱȡ
ҶǳĮؿһۣ漴߳¥Ļ
ھԵʵǰκıƶĵ⡣
˻òʺӵɫˡ
ڵ˶ǰ׳գǿ˿Ҷǳٿ˿ʺӣʲô
֮ǰһЩҶǳˬˣ˿Ҳס˼Ͼǲɵӣ뱻˵ӡ


879 ޳͵Ϯ
ʺҲܵ˴˵ɫ仯ɫʱҶǳıӰк˸
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ѾͶ档
ҶǳǸ˽ӣţһݵ콾պ
ŴˣҶǳ˵׳գ˵ӣ֪
ЦΣֻҪɱ㣬Ҿˡ˵գ˫ָԳһ䵶е£˸ɱϮˡ
ҶǳЩ⣬ǵһοʹֵ½ޱߣʹ˶ȥҲֻǺһ¶ѡ
ȻǾɣҶǳٶԣȻͶԷԩ޳𣬵ԷԼҲֲ
ߣȻǿ󣬵ҿɲţǸ׳գҲŲӲƴһЦ漴ӱе䵶֮תͣһֲĵâ
䵶һḥ̂ĥǳֲ
Զսˣ׷׸еð
ҶǳҲ¶֮ɫȻܹΪԲǿߣûһǼ򵥵˭뵽䵶Ȼܹӳǿ
£ҶǳҴ⣬ȡɫؽһգնѲ񷣬ɱǰ
µĽƵһɽ籩Ƭشϯ
֮䣬ʱֻʣ½âһɿֲĽš
ǿĽ⾳ôڵˣе˳صѹɫ׷һ䡣
ԭΪҶǳһǿߣڿҶǳĽӵǿ
ңǿóҶǳһĽߣֻ֮ǰ
˿̣ҶǳĽһʱâ¶ƿ񽣣նѵء
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䣡
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һеҶǳʤ׷ֿȭӽս޵еİȭʩչµ
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ʱܶ˶¶֮ɫҶǳĿ⣬Щɵ
ʺüͷԼһȴǱذҶǳɲĿġ
£һʹ˸ɫ
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Ҷǳò¾֪ǲʺˣתֵˣôӾͻȡ
ȵӣ϶ʹޱȣδĴС
Ҷǳɱӣô󱳱⵽ԷĹǿ󣬿ҲƲء
һˣôԲʺӵҪɱ׶ˡ
Щ뷨ڵʯ֮䣬Ҷǳͷ
֮ǰңǺΪѣڣǺǣǵùҶǳ漴һЦ
ֻͷҲصؼӣ׼һ
ͬʱӡŻ棬˳Ƴ֣Ȼ˴ںһһĻ֮
仨漴ϮƮȥ

ڣÿϮҶǳĺ󱳣ʱü̫ˣֱ˵ս˵͵ϮԷһԲǿߵȶûС
ܲˡ
ڣҲкܶ¶Ͳм֮ɫ
ΪԲǿߣǶԼĽˡ
ʺӵĮؿһ漴˵ҲļӵİΣϾϾҪȥǴżˣһԲǿߣʧܴġ
ԶЦ˵ӵİΣǰô䡣
ûʺӣ˶ǱֳĬ
ȻڴʱһƬѤĻ⣬¥ⱬ𾪡
̫ͺһ𣬱˿ֲܡ
ǡڣһԲǿ߶ʱ𾪵վ
ǷʽʺҲͫһ
ʲôôһŵȻ˷ʽ


880 ܾ
̫ͺ˴˲ںϣĻ䣬֮ſһƬƬ꣬ڰ趯΢Цֲ
ʽļʩչȻ˵ˡ͵ϮҶǳ󣬶Ļסˣƶ˼֣ܿתҸܵһɼȵΣϢ
Ļ֮У̺Σա
ͫһ˲ٶȹҶǳæֵ
ҲʱЩƮĻ꣬ױˣĻ棬ͬõ̻
䣡
һɿֲܣӴ˵ϯ
¥һ
¥ڵ˸еܾģΪ֮ǿֱȰ벽޵вεǿȫһˡ
ݣ
ȻһǱӰųǡ
ҶǳҼסˣ֮ձصٱ˿̺ǱһѪܵʱڿѪ
ȻڷʽĿֲ֮£ܴأòųȥˡ
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Ż¥Ҷǳ˵ɫˣǲΪӡҶǳ̫ǿˡ
ѵ
ҶǳֽӵԴڵϣպòɵع˲ʺǰӭŲʺѿɫҶǳһЦԱ£ȾƳ⡣
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ֵܣöҶǳ˴Ĵָ
ҶǳһЦ
ԶʺһǿԼһҶǳ漴ܣ˵ȻѾˣǾһżɣѾ˵ˣһżʱʲôǾ͸ƾᡣڹż֮ǰҲɱΪУ𣿡
ܺ˵Ȼû
ܺãһݺʺ˵գ뿪
һӣϾղҶǳ̫ǿˣ䱻ҶǳԾԵݻ٣һС涪ˡ
ʺߺҲм֮뿪
ѡҶǳύ
ΪҶǳչֳĿʵǺܷҪύҶǳ
ó䵱мˣҶǳ˲ٴԲǿߡ
ҶǳҲûнЩԲǿ߶иص㣬δɾ;ԲͣԺ֮ҲеλǰύǣԼҲкô
ϾѣܱȶҪõöࡣ
ΪԲŷܵܺҶǳĶԹѡҶǳύ
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Ҷǳոսûã
ʶ̽ӳȥҶǳʱ֪˭ɵ΢΢ЩȣЩ棬漴Цʺӣôˣʲô
ѿ˵⣬ƺǴ֮ɡʺӵ
ҶǳҡͷһЦ漴˻֣űԶ򿪡
ʺӣ漴ϡ
ǰ˵ĲʺӣҶǳû˿֮ɫϾ֮ǰŮʵǿ󣬿³ö١
ԣҶǳŲʺӣ˵ҪϢˣûʲôĻ뿪
ҶδҲ̫ϧ˰ɣҲʺԵŰݷãǺܶ˶֮õĻᡣʺ˫ȻҶǳ˵
ҶûȤҶǳ˵漴ڴϥ£׼
ʺŭɫһţԴ˭Ϊϱ˭Ľľգ
ҶǳȴΪʵвˬ
뵽Լ⣬ʺӻǿѹסеķŭЦ˵Ҷӣֻһ仰ԸԸǣ
ǣʲô˼Ҷǳ俴
ʺӵ˵ҵݣѾܿµˣǴˣӦ֪ʲô˼
ҶǳԻȻǴѹԼɣҪ£Լˡ
ҪԼҶǳҡҡͷԸ⡣
£ҶǳԥҡͷͬΪıʺӻذɣ
㡭ʺû뵽Ҷǳܾôɴ࣬ҪȴǶȻ뵽Ҷǳʵжʱɵ
һʺ˵֮Ϊ֮ǵҪɱˣû˿Իš
˵գʺӾ뿪Ҷǳӡ
ڣҶǳŽյķţǷһ˿Цһ⣡
Ҷǳսƪ


881 
սƪҶǳΪҪ飬ΪֻսƪֲսµȱݣҶǳʵŻﵽ벽޵вΡ
ż֮Уλ벽޵вεǿߣмʮλԲǿߡ
ҪôǿߵĻ֮¶ȡҶǳԼڵʵЩǿٽһ̤벽޵вβС
һڣҶǳչȫսƪ
ֵһǣţ󶼻ָƣ»ص¥
һݺ˾ۼһ𣬸ڲʺӺ棬ɽ
жʮˣһɫλԲ磬Ķ飬޵вεǿߣ֮һս
˵һսеĶǿߣۼڴˡ
ɽеǲЩľ֦Ҷִ󣬰նڱˣǰ죬ûһ˿Ե÷ǳ䡣
ֵľǣïܵԭʼɭУӦкܶҰ޲ŶԣȴǾĵģһͷҰ޵˻ûС
ûлǣҲû棬һƬţǳ졣
ҶǳȴҴ⣬Ϊ˵ˣɽ͹սһǰ찲ȫΣա
ȻʱƬԭʼɭˡ
ҶǳֵͿշеʱͻȻһֻ޴İ׹ǾצҶǳץȥ
һƬĴױˡ
̫ͻȻˣȫûԤϣҶǳǰͷų̽Χûзֻ׹ǾצĴڡ
أ
Ҷǳһȭ޴ײڰ׹Ǿצ棬÷顣
ԽԽİ׹Ǿצ̽Ҷǳ
ͬʱҲܵ˹
ֻһ˶λԲǿߣ̶ֳȵĹκβǡ
ҶǳǶʮˣֱӳ˳ȥһҲûͣ
źҹ٣ɽԽˣһֻֻ;޴ޣӵصɭڵ
Щ޵ȻԶ׻ôֲǵĸʵǿһûλ۷ʵֻ·һ
ҲҶǳʮ˶ǴԲ𣬲Ÿôֱײ
ʮĸ·Ҷǳڵִżڵλá
һ޴ɽ壬׳Ρ룬ۻ롣
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ʱϥĿ
Ȼһ۾¶Цݣˡ
Ǽʮ˵ԿԻܿżŵߡһ۾磬䴩ա
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳɭ
ֻԲʺΪ׵Ҷǳһˣǰ
𣿡
ҶǳǰԶˣ΢΢һ
˵ʵǳ£վ˺Ѳ񷣬ǵƺԴݻһ谭
˵λԲѾﵽһԲľ磬񣬵ǰ꣬ȴͻԲһߵĲΡ
޵вΣȻֻǰ벽޵УҲǳֲˡ
ΪѾԽսˡ
ݵӣҲһսǿˣģڰǷصǿߣǾͲˡ
˵֣ҶǳҲѾ֪Ƿֱɡ˾ͽˡ֮ɰס
ʺһɵߣЦҲ˶ˣһʮˣǴԲ𡣡
һɫԵ÷ΣȲòΪʵ֪Σòеĵһˡ
Ҿ֪ʺ㲻ʧġˬЦ漴Ҷǳˣ΢΢ͷλˣû뵽һսжʮŸԲǿߣһܹ࣬λһͬҲеҡ
˺ˬ죬˵ĵһӡܺãʹ˲Ծضεĸоһʡ
Ҷǳȴǰ裬˿Ӹʺӹϵ˵ҲǵˣСĵ㡣
ˣϻ˵Ȼ˶ˣǾ͸Ͻżɡ˵սûʱƣЩɵ˵ȼˣ²ʲôɫһ
ȥһɫء
˵˽˾ͽˣҲ֮һ˳ƶӣΪóʹĶǳֲϢ֮ս䡣
ӵУ˼ɵģΪֵʱ֪㷢ֵʱѾжˡ
ˣеˣǸĴԲǿߣλӣ˾ͽ˱һξ룬ӽ
ҶǳԴȴǲ壬һжĿǣοûκζԵֵʲôᱻ
˵Ҷǳǰٶ֡


882 ͨ
˾ͽ˴ԼĻûЦ˵ҲãҶΪԵģҲͲϻˡżĴҲˣ֮ǰ˾Ѿ̽һΣûȥñ㱻ˣΪһͷڿţͷ߻Ƕս񼶱Ҳ֡
ս
ԣʱȻ
ѹӻᱻ⣬ԭһͷս񼶱޴ڣһսͶսĲ໹Ǻܴġ
Ȼǰ벽޵вΣվ޵вǿߣ޷Խܶսһ¶ս
ټǶʮŸԲǿߣǾ㹻ˡ
ʮŸԲǿ߼ԱӻҪǿǶսҲܻɱ
ǰȥͷߵעǳûһȥȻֺ
˾ͽĿɨˣɭȻЦżԴҶкôҷ˳ǾͱҲˡ
ȻʱûеС˼֮ǰǻִ㣬Ͼż󣬿϶ҪᱦȱʵǱҪġ
Ȼ˾ͽ˵ľ棬˾Ͳôˣ˴ˣô֪䱻䶾¶Ǿͱˡ
ȻҪҪ
߰ɣ
һȣ漴һͭʯżķ϶
λӣҲ
ӽȥûã㴫ս
˵ͣһͭʯżķ϶
Ȼֻһ϶ͭʯŷǳ޴϶㹻ǶʮŸһˡ
ŷ϶ڣĹͨڣһͷɣһޣ׺ݵضӷ𹥻
ߣԴȴֻӵоڵƬĿռﺮ˸
˻
˻ħ壬˽һ
޴βҲ漴˹ȻҲͻȻˣΪǿ
ɫȻǰӵѣǶս׼Ҳûлҡ
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ʮŸԲǿߣȫڵһʱ֣ȫûһ˸͵Ϊ˾ͽɨǡ
ҶǳҲˣʩչǰȭޱȾףѪ糹׷ӳֲ˻һһӴ
ϵͨȻǺСҲǺܴӴڴ˵ظ׾ͱ˵ĹС
ȻҲԼĴ㣬ͨҪżǾͱɱߣ޷طȥ
أ
ܵ˵ֹʱҽϵƬˣ¶õѪͰ׹ǡ
Ҷǳʱ죬ͷ߾Ȼǻһʬ帴ɽЩһ
ʬ帴Ŷսʵôǰսʵ
һսشţżˣʵжô£
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ڳ˶ǴˣҲ˲俴һ㣬һĿߺ󷽵ͨʱ֮ɫ
νΪΪʳżļֵڳ˶Ӷ˵Ҷ׷ȫ
໡
ܿ죬ͷ߾ͱֹˡ
޵ʬûʲôֵûж࿴ʬһۣһͨȥ
ϵͨȻޱڳ˶ս񣬶̽ӣҪ۾ۿԴѸ١
ǲúȴǰͨһӶ˰˸һͨһģһûʲôƿ¡һ
˶ʱͣüͷ塣
ͨ˭֪ͨڵأҲһ̽
˷ֱǰȥ̽ҲǲܣϾȥ˶˱ô죿
һʱ䣬˶ϸ۲ͨϣԿʲô
ҶǳҲϸϸͨͨȫһģһʲô˿
һ˾ͷˡ
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ҲȻһλӣ֮ɰ˵ҲͨͨڵأֻĻͬ
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һǳǣҶǳʱĿɿڴΪֵԣ洦ɼһЩɵӵߺȻڹȻͽܣЩ½ʵǺ
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Ҷǳ𾪣ôǿôûȲ̻Ҫǿ󣿡
ǶɣȻǿԬκҪ㣬ڶ֮ϣиǿǱΪʥأ֮һʥصĴ˺ϡ٣ƽ߶֪ʥص˲ࡣȻСϹȴǱ֮ǣҲ֪Щء
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Ҷ֣֮ûи˷ְɣһ㱣ܣ˸ǲʶмǲǰó֮㡣Ԭκٶѵ
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ڳڣֻҪ㲻ֻ֣䣬Щִ߲Ųܡ
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ԶһҾ¥ջŲʺӡţһЩԲǿߡ
⣬б֮ɰסɺĴӣҲ¥š
һҶǳûʸôǿΧۣ漰˾ͽӣǾĿˡ
֣Ҷֵܵô˾ͽˣҲھ¥ۿɻ
ʺ俴һۣ˵ڻֵܣС˾ͽǣ㡣
ò˵ˣ֪ԼܾѾ˲ʺӡ
ŲʺӲıȻ͹ܣʱ򲻹ܱ಻ţʺҲкܶ鷳漰
ϾǱ£õģʺӵݣֽ֪ܵġ
˵Ҷǳô˾ͽ˵ģ
ʱ¥λҲ̸۴£ǳ档
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ܣҡͷҺ˾ͽ˴棬һǳգҪɱʲôˣ϶᲻ɫȵ˳ٶ֡ڳھˣôŭЩͬѰ
һλ֮ɰףҲͷ˵ڳǲɱ˵ģ˾ͽӦúôǸҶǳⲻ˾ͽ˵Ը񡣡
ҡͷ˶ǻġ
һλ΢΢ЦҾӦҶǳʲô˾ͽ˷ŭľҵ顣
ľң
λԣһ
Ȼ½ҲľܹΪսģľΪﵽ˵ڶʯ磬ôľң
ȻżǶʱ䣬˵᲻Ҷǳ˾ͽ˵õıŻ˾ͽˣͻȻ˵
һ㶣漴ҡͷʧЦ㿪ʲôЦҶǳֻǴԲôܻ˾ͽ˵Ķ֣㻻ǣҲܴ˾ͽ߱
λҲ˵ͷ
ɺٺЦΪܣ˾ͽ˲Żˣ뿴һԼΪСļһ˱᲻ŭ𣿻᲻𣿡
⡭ҲеֻɲΪҶǳб˾ͽ˵ı
ǻǼְɣʲôǾ֪ˣαزȥЦ˵
ٶȽĿ⿴ջ
˾ͽ˵ĺ֮£ҶǳڱչأԬκȴѾˡ
˭ڴУ
Ҷӵʲô𣿡
ţ˾ͽˣ
Ԭκһ˾ͽˣʱɫһ䡣
˾ͽ˶ӵĴ׹Ϊ˶ɵѣ˶ӸˣԱͶ㡣
ôҶô
Ԭκг֮ɫ
˾ͽ˵Ŀֲ˲֪ģֻҪǰ׳գ˭˾ͽˣλӣû㹻棬Ҳ׵˾ͽˡ
ȥ֪ͨҶӣԬκ
֪ͨҶǳʵѾӱչ֮ˣϾ˾ͽ˵ĺ̫ˡ
ԬκʱҶǳƿų
ҶǳЦŵͷ
ԬκʱЦʱˣ㻹ЦóҺ֣㵽ô˾ͽˣȻôŭ
֮Ҵ˾ͽƤߵģһһѣʱҵġҶǳʼ
ܲ
Ҷǳ˱䣬ƨɾˣ˾ͽ˿Ǳͷһ׷ɱ˼죬ֱӳżͨ󣬲űס
ң˱˭ŭ
ο˾ͽ츳ʵһֱ˳ˮϣôͷȻ̬ʧ⡣
ȻҪڱǿûôŭϾ˰ԺѳһؼҶǳʵ
ԭˣ
ԬκЦص˵ͷΪʲô˾ͽΪ˷ŭˣҲˡ
ߣǳȥҶǳ漴¥ȥ
ԬκæȰͲ˰ɣڲ֣ˡ
Ǻǣҹʱڳſڣһҳ϶֣Ҫ棬ȿɡҶǳЦ˵
ʱ䣬ܳսƪˣʱʵͻﵽ벽޵вΣѾɵ˾ͽˡ


889 ٩
Ҷǣ
ҶǳԬκ߳ջʱ˾ͽ˫׺ݵĿ⣬ʱҶǳɱ⡣
˾ͽˣĹأӦ֪Զһλִߵ
˾ͽûлػҲûжֻ֣ҶǳĿɱ˵ĻôҶǳѾˡ
ֵϣȻû˶ƺס˺ֻǽĿͶ
кģɻģдֵġ
еգǳţֹͣˡ
¸ҶǳԬκһĽ֮ɫҳ
Ϊ˾ͽ˵ƣҶǳģԬκȻҶǳ󣬵ɸܵһɾ޴ѹ
ǺǣԭǶĶӰлϴΪֻ֣ǲ֪ҶĳΪ£ܹϣҶĳһ岻ݴǡҶǳǰŭ˾ͽˣЦ˵
Ҳֻܹһˡ
ȻѾ˾ͽˣҶǳҲ׼ϵˣ˾ͽҲʲôö
һóö鲻ˬԶ˲ˬҲԶʱ·ϷŶΪ˿ԼƵ¶ʲôЧ˵ˣҶǳʵĻɱΪ
Ϊ֣
Ҷǳĸ֣˾ͽеĺɺˣ·Ѫ۾ðһŤޱȷŭ
ȥΪ֣ҶǳţڴһӣһǶô
˾ͽָҶǳͷ¶ŭ
ô
˱ĥ
˵Ļɼ˾ͽжôŭ
ʵˣ䱻Ҷǳ˲˵ܵߵ׷ɱǼνⱲҵʱʵǿ󣬲Ҿͨͱͷ߸ɱˡ
˱ߵ飬ȻҶǳһΪ֡
˭
ǶĶӣսթǱ޳ܣܺϹϵΨΪ֡
Ƕķ̣޴ķ̣һҲϴˢĳ衣
һŷǳµѧʣ˶оͶͷͻƿҿĺܹУһҪл㣬ΪֵĶӡ
ҶǳЦǺǵؿǰŭ˾ͽˡ
վŵԬκýģղŲ̲סЦˣû뵽ҶӻôȤʱ˼ҵı仹˵Ҫô̼˼ҡ
ⲻ˾ͽˡ
װ˭¸оУоѧʣ
˾ͽ˲ǰ׳գ֪Ҷǳڹ̼ô̼֣ͻᱻԶִ߳ʹ
ǰЦݵҶǳĺһȭȥִߵľȴʱĶС
˾ͽֻܲĵ
Ҷǳˣйصκˣ߳ǳء
Σ˾ͽһɭ˵䵽˼㡣
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ҶǳЦŵ˵ͷ漴̧ͷľ¥ֵʺӣҲڰþòǵĹϵһֱܺϴܿ˻ء
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Сҹȥ£ȴܾ֪ϵˣ浱Сǰ׳հ֪ǹǣС
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ֻǰסҶǳһʵ̫ɶˣֱ޳ܡ
ףǲֵϴεƻðɣпһȥ
Ҷǳֿ¥е󣬵ųǵ¥ɱʱһڱ͵ϮģòŴ˵Ϣ˿Ȼҩ
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ʱˣ£˭ֵܰףϴοҪɱءѽ˾ͽˣǰ׳հ֪һ𣿿ʲô
ȻţȴǶ˾ͽ˺ܼɵæ嵽ǰҶǳ˭ֵܣϴңһûˡӣɲܱˣҪֶԸʱԽҡ
ģһûô׳գߣ
˾ͽһ漴Ҷǳһۣ˵ӽ쿪ʼҾڳǰţҾͲ㲻ǡ
˵꣬ĳͨĩƽԭĳȥȻڳǰϥ£ҪסţҶǳ޷ȥ
ſڷ󣬼ǵöഩ·𶳸ðˡҶǳڿջſڳ˾ͽ˻˻֣һеɫ
˾ͽƤ˶ֱӱ۾浣ԼᱻѪ


890 һս
һ־ˣҶǳеط˿ջ
Զľ¥УλӣһڴԲǿߣ֪˵Щʲô˭뵽պĶӣȻڱ˵٩ѾѪ˰ɡ
ҶǳȤ
Σ֮ɰ׹һЦӻ䣬תȥ
ҲɢȥǶһͬ㣬Ǿס˳ŸĿջ
֮ǰһЩסڳĿջˣҲϰˡ
ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ҪҶǳǵʱ򣬿ôѵҶǳ
˵ҶǳȻôҲʲôҲ˵

ջ
ҶǳԼȥ׼չأսƪ
εڵ٩˾ͽһ٣ܰʵ벽޵вΣ͵ùˡ
ҶӣΪι̼Ҫ֣Ӷִ߳ʹ𣿡Ԭκʵ
ҶǳҡҡͷЦûôɵģңֻǾúѡ˵Һ֮ѾûлԹĿܣȻˣһʲô
㿴еԬκգգ۾һ˫Ҷǳ˵ʵﵽ˰벽޵вΣ
ƶϣϾֻʵǵ
Ǻǣ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ƿţͷԬκ˵ʱǡ
˵꣬ţݼչ
⣬Ԭκһ漴ϲ
ʱǡô˵죬ˡ
һλ벽޵вεǿߣսеĶ붥һˡ
һǰ;ţҿԼύ硣
ԬκɵðҲѡ
ͬʱóռ䷨ּ¸֪ԼĸǳһҪ

ļ죬û뿪ǳǣΪҶ뿴ҶǳǲĲ׼뿪˳ˡ
û뵽ֻȥʱ䣬Ҷǳ뿪ջԬκһš
ʱջڵȵظȥϵҲȥ
ŴϢһսĲߣųŸ
ǼλӣжʮλԲǿߣҲˡ
ſڸʱۼ˺ѹѹȺ
еˣվڳǽϹۿ
˾ͽĺҶǳ⼸һֱųţһҲû뿪
ҶǳԬκʱϥڵϵ˾ͽˣʱ˫һĿ⣬
ͬʱҶǳҲ˾ͽˣ΢Ц
ޱȵţҶǳ¶Ŀ⡣
ʱ䣬Ѿսƪֲսµȱݡ
һʵʽ˰벽޵вΡ
дʵõ˾ͽ
Ȼǡ
ԣҶǳˣ׼뿪ǳǡ
Ҷǳˣҳһս𣿡˾ͽ俴ҶǳûзŭˣǱȴҵɱ
ľѾָľֻһĿģǾǻҶǳĥҶǳ
кβң
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ߵԬκ˵ȱǣٳǡ
ţԬκ˵ͷ
˾ͽҲҶǳĻɵ¶һЦңԲѣҵҪǱı˶ʵһս
˵ֱ꣬ӳˡ
ҶǳҲˡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬۵˳⣬вΪʵǿ˸һˡ
λӣʮλԲһˡ
Ҷǳò˵㵨ĺܴ󣬾Ȼĸҳǡ
⣬˾ͽ˿߳ǵҶ죬΢΢һƺЩ⣬漴ɭЦôʶķϣ׼ĥһӣڸΪĥһˡ
˵꣬һƺҶǳȻ̳֡
Ȼ˾ͽеŭѾ˺ܾãٶ˵ʲôϻֻҶǳ
¡¡
Ʒ죬ɫĶӳǺպ嶾ơ
˾ͽһֱǾУƺҪսҲпҶǳʸĶ֡
ȭ
˾ͽ˵嶾ƣҶǳһЦֱӻӶȭͷӭȥҵȭޱҫ۶Ŀڳܶ˿е
䣡
ֻ׵
һž޴׹ⶸȻ֣ҵͬһߣб֮д
أ
˾ͿһǱӰɳȥ
Ȼ˾ͽˣ
˶ʱ𾪵ؿУֻҶǳȫ˸𣬶˾ͽˣͷ˿˿˿ѪҺɫޱдŲŵ֮ɫ
Ȼ˾ͽҲû뵽Ҷǳʵôǿ
㡭ﵽ˰벽޵вΣ˾ͽ۾Ҷǳ𾪡
ǺǣȻΪƾʲôҳҶǳЦ
ڳʱһƬȻ
ҶǳȻﵽ˰벽޵вΣ
Ϣ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲ֪ΪʲôҶǳ޾˾ͽˣԭѾ˺˾ͽƽƽʵˡ


891 
Ҷǳﵽ벽޵вεϢڳˣϾĿǰս֪ǿߣҲǰ벽޵оѡ
ԣҶǳѾսεĲˡ
ͬһﶼĿĴڣעҪ붥ɵġ
ɶһǽеı˰벽޵вΡ˾ͽҶǳð׹⣬ŭ
һԲ磬Ե޹ʵؽ벽޵вΣб
ǿıﰡ
˾ͽвʣıʵڸǻֱ衣
ǺǣǻҪлأûΪ֣ҲܵõǸ䡣ҶǳЦǴ̼˾ͽˡ
˵ûбе֮Ҷǳȷô̤벽޵вΡ
Ҫɱ㣡
˾ͽ˴ȻǱûðɣŭ죬ЯޱߵĶͬŭ
ΪĶӣֵʱϲųΪɱˣҲܼ˵ʵӶȡʤ
⣬ĴӶ¶ɵĿ⣬ͬǰ벽޵вΣǵĻȷܼɵ˾ͽˣΪһĶ
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͡͡
ֻ֣һƬ̫֣Ҷǳ趯ӵȫյÿ졣
Ŵ֮УΨ̫¶ߣټصֿµܣֱ˾ͽϵĶҶ˲˺
׵磬ԶħаﶼĿ
˾ͽ˵ͱˣæ߶Χ̫֮ʵҲˡ
𡭡̫˻û뵽ҶǳȻӵѹ޾˾ͽˣ
⣬ȵ
ɡ֮ɰҲɫİ벽޵ǿߣǸеѹ
ôܣʵȻô
ȺУʺɫһ䣬˾ͽ֮ɱҶǳڿ˾ͽ˿¸ҶǳĶ֡
ԭҶôǿҿҵûеȻ˻Ҫ͵ĺã֮ǰʵ̫ߵˡҵֽܵܣµúúýѵԺôߵغ񣬺ҵˡҲڸпһ¡
ʵѣȺйսֽѾŴˣںڵҪԼǵ죬ȻȥҶǳ֪һЩϢס
û뵽Ҷʵôѩϲ˵
ԱߣɺͽҲһ𺳣ǣǽңȻһ벽޵вεĳţֱϢҪ䶯ˡ
Ҷǳ𣿡ԱߣվһλӣȲʵǿǰսŵһλ֣׼˷ذսš
ͷǵģǽѪĴ󽫾ֻû뵽츳ôֲ
һˣԺǰ;ǽύ˴ˣǴа
սŵǿЦŵ˵ͷȴǰѽ˼ˣϾҶǳʶȻҪչһϾҶǳעΪǿߡ
ͬʱҶǳӱͬһ磬֮Уʵľһ磬Ϊٶȿ죬Яſֲ׹⡣
ȭ
ʣ˾ͽаǿߣʹȭõѡ񣬱Ͼ׵˾ͽ˵ĿǿټΧЧ͸ˡ
ȻҶǳֱӶ÷ʽеĵڶʽһоش˾ͽˡռޱȾףĵƣֻйؼʱŻᶯá
ﵽ벽޵вΣ˾ͽͬһ磬ҶǳҪʹƣܴ˾ͽˡ
ʵҲȷˣȭĹ£˾ͽ˸ûзʵҶǳѹˡ
ɶʵǿ˶٣ֻ׵𶼶ҿƣȫҵĿǣ
˾ͽͷɢǴѪзŭʡ
ܱսҶǳ൱ٲҲԱ
ǣ׵Ŀ̫ˣһʵ˽룬ﻹҶǳĶ֡
䣡
һֲȭըѣɣƥĵ߷輤䣬µ׵֮˾ͽ˵ȫûˡ
˾ͽ˲ҽУܵشʵԽ½
ӣ˾ͽп־ˣټȥɣԥѡ
ȻҪԼСΪҪνɽڲûգԼʵǿˣҶǳҲ١
ûӳԶҶǳ׷ˣֱһ˲ƣ˾ͽ˵ľ룬Ȼȭ֮ӡݺݵغ
ۣ
׵ӿ˾ͽ˲ҽѪݺݵغڵϡ
Ҷǳ֣飬˾ͽ˻ɱ


892 
˾ͽˡ
Ҷǳڻɱһλ벽޵еţٴȫ
ʣӽ쿪ʼҶǳ֣ؽҫսս
ӣֻǵе˾ͽ˱Ҷǳȡˡ
ȺУҶǳõԬκˣ¶ϲͼĿ⡣
áֵֽҲѡ
ҶǳĲʺӡɫѿ
֮ɰסͶĴӣҲܵ˾޴ѹ
ΪǺܼɵ˾ͽˣҶǳȻѹƵôֱ޻֮
Ȼ׵Ŀ˺ܴãǲɷϣҶǳսҶǳǲС
֪һʲô
𾪵ʱҶǳѾڴɨսˣΪСûĺ֮ǰɱܿ˵ˣҲֻǵõʯѣҲʯ
ս񾳽磬ʯɲõġ
˾ͽǳţʵǿҲкܶö
Ҷǳƿ˾ͽ˵أ˾ͽ˵ıѹθɾû˵أ޷赲Ľ롣
ѹ˾ͽеƷҶǳԵúܿģΪõʮʯһɱܿ˸жˡ
ʯ֮⣬˾ͽĻǸָĶҩֱһ۶衣
ЩҶǳûнݻ٣ҲʲôʱõõԸɲὲʲôһЩаֶá
Ҷ֣ϲȫʤΪµĹӡ
ʱáֵֽǰء
ԬκҲˡ
ҶǳֵţҲܹˣڨڨҶֵܣϴǶԲˣʵҲûʲô⣬ֻ˲ʺӵĴ̼
С¶ѣˡҶǳ΢΢һЦţƢֱˬֻ֮ǰϲʺӶѣûҪҲƽ޹ʵһԲǿߣϾţֻҪɱһɣǶɣɾͲ
ҶǳէǳһܱȶһҪǿ½ҲΪ롢ѣܶлҶһδ׷ɱ
ҶֵܹȻԺţֵܣʲô龡ܷԸţʱˬЦ
ԱƲƲ죬ҶǳôǿˣҪⲻǰϵû뵽ͷ˼
£ҲҶǳϵ
֮󣬳˱ʺӵˣˣλӣϲҶǳ
ս֮УҲ˶ǵˣֻҪõǵϿɣύġ
æ˺һҶǳԬκǳǣһдˣͣˡ

ҶǳǺȾƳʱǳǵһԺͲʺɫ
ԸҶǳİж٣ʺӳʵ֪Ϊ˰ʵ϶еĵһˡ
ϣҡҡͷûƵĻô߳ɰգֻղչ¶˲ƣɼԪģˣٶȿ죬˲ƣҪҸɱ
ǰý󷨣أʺʵ½Ҳв˴Ԫ壬ܹ˲ƣԸˣо˷һ󷨣еʽֶΡ
򵥵˵ƻյȶôԪãӶ˲ơ
ûõģҺ಻󣬻ףɱѡҡҡͷ˵˾ͽˣҲǵùҶǳ׵ƣټҶǳ˲ƣʹ޷ȻҶǳҲɱ
ʺɫԽˣ̲סȻѵŹɱǵһλս񣬻ܿ˵ˣƻǵǵ͸ƻ
ǸսҲֻǵų϶ѣһԪˣǵô󡣡
ǵʧʵֻһվǵɱǵڣȵȵȰɣ滹ʲôûᣬ취ɱˡ
ֻˣļƻҪʺѵ
˵ͷ˵ҵȻֻ֪ǲ֪˰֮ǰżҲûеõ
Ҳں漸ذɣϾ˶ܸ߰漸ضûͨôῴ㡣ʺ˵
ͷйâңŵһģȳΪʹӣһԳΪ޵вεţлΡ
ʱǵһӣʵǿˣҲԽȡ֮ǵܾ£ͳ½ˡʺЦ
Ҳ¶Цݡ
ȻֻǶδõ
Ͼƻʵǳѣ˵ѳɹ
еѪ


893 
ϡҹˮ
ջУҶǳϥŰ˾ͽ˵սеĲ㣬ȡ顣
һܹɱ˾ͽˣ׵İܴ󣬲Ȼʵ˾ͽҲֻ൱ѡ
ȻռͷʽƱų⡣
սʿƪսƪѾˣֻʣսƪսƪˣϧⶫڲ̣ʱˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ˡ
ȻҶǳоԼĿռ䷨ּ˳
ֻ渡ֳ֡
Ҷӣҡ
ԬκģϾҲֻԬκĿռ䷨ּӡǡ
ֻԬκڳô£
ҶǳʱֱӳųǳϿշȥ
֮Բ˲ƣΪ󷨷գ޷˲ơ

߿УҶǳǸԶɨųڣѰԬκӰ
кɻΪԬκҹȥһΣգǳڰ˲ִ
ϣھĵģ߶
ԣҶǳܿͷԬκӰųȥ
ףôûеˣҶǳüͷԬκھţȴûеˡ
Σգ
ǿռ䷨ּݣƭֻԬκϵ
£ҶǳųŷȥԬκߡ
ȻԬκûһֻۣƽţ·סһ
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Ҷǳüͷһ壬æеסԬκ
Ԭκƽȥ±ҶǳסˣҲߣֻ߲ѡ
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ʶҶǳԬκɫԾпʶӡ
ҵܵܣԬκЦ
ʲôҶǳʱ𾪲ѡ


894 Ѿ
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Ҷǳһ𾪺ͲؿǰԬκ̲סʵΪʲôҪɱ㣿ңӡ
ǳªףС⻰˵ϾԬκܵܡ
ֻǣܵܺԬκ̫˰ɡ
ԬκƯԬҲ˧ܾܵ͡
ҶܡغҸ׵һЩ¼ԬκЦһ˵Ҳ˵ϾҸףֻܸ㣬ҶԬҽԬɣΪһͱҸˣҸ׻Ҫɱ͵͵ˡ
ʳӰ㸸סҶǳ̾Ϣһ
ԬκҡͷҸҲ֮漰һЩҲ¶ܡ
Ҷǳ״ҲûжʣϾ˼ҵļҡ
ȻܵܣģΪҪ㣿ҪҲ㸸ײŶԡҶǳ漴ɻ
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ȻǫĻ
Ԭʵȷ
Ҳԣܹ츳ҲǺġԬκû˿Ծ֮ɫ
Ҷǳؿﲻ
ǣԬκҡͷҺԬһֻǺͬĸ
ѹ֣ҶǳʱףԬҵ⣬϶ԬϣǵļңԬκȻ˵Ҳѯʡ
£Ҷǳ˵úϢɣǾ뿪ǳǣһˡ
ţӦңԺҪвԬκ˵ͷ漴һؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ̾Ϣһ˵ͷҴӦ㣡
˵꣬תȥ

峿ҶǳԬκһ뿪ǳǡ
ͬһʱ䣬ĴӣһЩԲǿߣԼսߣҲ뿪˳ǳء
ҵ鶼أҲڴ
ΪͨĩƽԭѾսβˡ
ڹսɽĹĩƽԭʵǺֻܴҪµķУܹȥ
ڽţǾһţһʱ͹ͨˡ
ԣ˳Ļһ¾ִܵͨ塣
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Ҷǳڸ߿УĴأһƬͺͺģû˿ӲݺľֻһЩӣ·ʲôҳһǳĻ
˵ʯ֮ǰǳزŽǳǡԬκ˵
ʯҶǳ̧ͷա
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ʯҶǳ˵
ԬκҲԻ󣬵˵ͷ˵ǰҲֻкٵǰ̤ĩƽԭ֪Ϊʲôǻ󣬶Ըĩƽԭз飬ֻǸһ飬Ǿһ̤ĩƽԭǾϳŽǸȥǧʱ䡣
֣ҶǳЦЦ漴Ԭκ˵Ҳʱˣֱ˲ưɣ
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Ҷǳ˺գ׼˲ơ
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ţԬκ˵ͷ
˳ʼٷУɲʱܵĪƵ߻ڵҳһЩӡ


895 Χ
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һصĿ飬̭˰ˣֻһ˰˽ǡ
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ߣڻ㣡ҶǳԬκ˵
˭ߣЦһͲʺӵĺ棬мλԲǿ֣߳ǵ֮ǰ͵ϮҶǳЩ˶Ц
ȻһĲ߻õϮҪڵִ֮ͨǰҶǳ


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ҶǳԬκǰΧԼһȺˣϲЦ
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ԬκͺϽǰߣҲ֪Լʵ£ڴ˵زﲻҶǳ
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Ԭκʱ־ϲҶǳȻԲٿЩâֲ̫ˡ
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Ҷǳɱʤ׷һԽ˱ЩԲǿɱȥ
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ӾңʺӾҡ󿴵ҶǳŵðŴ
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ʣµǼԲǿߣʺӣŵɫҰף׷ƴĩƽԭ
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һҶǳ棬ȻЩ˸Ҷǳһȭ֮Уᱻɱĸɸɾġ
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ʲô
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ʺӾ֣һԲǿŭԹ
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ʽױ꽫ʺӺǸԲǿûǵ嶼ֱɢˡ
ң껹ڼЩâҲԽԽࡣ
ֻбһˣѪӵĩƽԭ


897 ܾ
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Ҷǳ״ɵҡͷһﻹǺݶԼ˶֣Ժ鷳ˣһߣʱпܹҡ
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Ԭκ˫ʷҶǳʵһγԤϣղŵҶǳֱͬ޵С
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գ֮䣬ֻʣҶǳԬκ֮ɰסɡͱˡ
ҶӣҲѡ̣ԬκҶǳ漴Ц֪ҶǳҪ벹̡
֮ǰĿֻһɣֻû뵽л붥ɣûпǺĿ꣬ѡҶǳһˡ
ҲãҶǳ˵ͷ
Ԭκͱƶˡ
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Щɵĳ϶ʱɫһ䣬׷׳ֻסɽֵסǿѹ
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ߣǴӾ޴ռѷ߳ˣһԼϢĿһɨɽϽʣļˣǶѾѡĲˣֵˡ
䣬ϥԬκԱߵĲ̳϶ʱŭδ̫˰ɣζѾǰѡһӵлƽʥţһ֮޵ţ㻹Ҫ֣Ǹ󶥼ҲȲ𣿡
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ҶǳɨΧı֮ɰ׵һۣȷǵпĽͿ
ҶǳԼϣҪһͼĵӿԣδӵʹӣǲӦġ
£Ҷǳ֮㣬ҡͷȻˣұ˰ɣѡ벹̡


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ãǲ̻ӭ㡣̵λϺϲϳԱ񣬶ҲܿҶǳţʱЦһֽҶǳ
֮ɰסɺͱˣЩţƿ׳һҶǳ
һȻܾһʥ룿
һؿҶǳСӣ֪˵ʲô֪ʲôĻ𣿡
Ҷǳ˵һԼյģ
˵úã̵ĳԽϲҶǳϷŰؿĳϣ˵ϣǵԼˣսſѡκɣ˲ֹ
ߣһ벽޵м϶ѣһ̶ֳֹȵģеǡһм
վɽϵıæ˵ǰԸΪδӵʹӣϣǰܹһᡣ
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ˣһսˣһڶɵĳϣŸյĵӣ׷ƿȥ

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˳Ƿǳ½ݵ޳֮һ
̵λϽ־ԶԬκҶǳȼյĵӣֱ˲˲ǳſڡ
ǰΰ޴ĳǳأҶǳ˶ˣ׷׸ܵһɰ
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־ԶһߴҶǳ˽ǣһ˵ڲڲ߿շУֻߣҪʱע⡣Ȼܹﵽս񾳽磬ǾͲҪЩˡ
Ҷǳ˷׷׵˵ͷ
֮־ԶҶǳ˷и·һ߶˵չ涨ǶǴսѡţֱһΪ洫ӣʸݳΪʦڿһ£ǷԸΪʦȻⲻǿԣҲ԰Ϊʦ
ϣԸΪʦ
ң

ʱԬκҶǳ⣬˶Ը־ԶΪʦ
־ԶЦŵ˵ͷ漴ҶǳԬκʵأʵǱȽϿ˵ģҶǳ
ԬκԵϣһŮԳΪʦ
ǺǣȷŮ˸ʺϽŮˣûʲô˵ģҲΪ־Զ΢΢һЦ漴Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ߽ģһǾͨеκһұΪʦǣҲûͨĳϡ
־ԶźǿϧˣҲͨǲ̳ڶ࣬϶оͨģʱѡɡǻ᲻ΪͽǾͿıˡ
֪ˡҶǳ˵ͷ
־Զ漴ٶԣ˷á
úһ޴Ժ˳ҶǳԬκˣ˵ҾסĵطǼȻΪʦԺסڴҶǳȥǼϢڴ˵š
ʦߣ
ʦ𣡡
ʮŷ׷׵
־Զ˵ͷ漴ҶǳԬκȥ
ǼϢ֮ҶǳԬκȡ˴洫ӵƺһ¼飬ͬʱҲֵһԺ䣬λڳġ
־Զ뿪ˡ

죬ҶǳסԺӣΪ˼ѧԺ
ԬκֱҶǳصԼԺӣһͤ£򿪸ոȡġ¼
־Զ߹ǣҪ̵֪һУԴⱾ¼е֪
ʵҲȷˡ
ҶǳһѰҵĵȻǲҪսƪսƪֲȱݣĿǰΪҪ顣
ڡ¼ϣҶǳܿҵ˲ڡ
˲̵սһЩ飬ֻҪǵ伮ҵõ
ȨҪ洫ӵݣҶǳպÿԡ
ҶǳеңҿԼѡ˲μսֱϲ̣ǾҪ۵Ӹ˭֪ʲôʱΪ洫ӡ
ۿ¼˽˲̵һЩ֮Ҷǳ뿪Ժӣǰ
ѾȲҪõսƪսƪˣʱ˳ȥëǣʲô
ʮûҶǳеǳڴǵ
ЩһһܾȰɣҶǳǸһĨЦݡ


899 
һǳ޴󣬲Ҹƣǲǵı־Խ
Ҷǳ뿪ԺӺĿһɨ㿴ߴľͿշȥ
벹֮ҶǳԼƣȻͽȥѰҲмսƪսƪݡ
½Ӧûɣ
ҶǳȻ뵽Լ塣
ҪŴѾ𣬻𣬷ֱǹ𡢺ڰ;׻
ս½Ѱ˺ܾãҶǳûҵ½ȻϣܹҵĴ
ѾѪ磬ǿޱȣȫһɾŴ塣
ʱҲӵʵĳţﵽΣ½ǿűȼ硣

ҶǳܿҵһЩ¼ϢѹȻԱһطۿ
ǹϢ˵˵֮УΨʱ̳ϣδˣ죬ͻữΪ
Ҷǳ±ˣôҵҵˣȻҲ̫ˣѹ½ûӵй
ٿڰãҲкڰټںڰԨڰԨǳ£кܶǿħޣûս񼶱Ϊȥֱ
͹һѰңΪڲ֮Уô޾գпҵõ
һ׻ͺҵõˣΪڲҪõȳΪ״Ӳʸ
洫֮ŵӣһȺĵӣ״ӣǲ̽ĵӣ˵δĲ̽ҲΪ֮
֮Ĵ𣬲Ҷǳڿõġ
ֻʱ
ֲֻȱݣȻΪҲҪﵽս񾳽磬ȥıĴ𡣡Ҷǳ뵽
뿪˲ȥ˲̵´Բѯ̵еϢ
ȻΪҶǳֻǲ̵洫ӣֻܲѯ洫Ӱ洫µĲ̵Ϣ洫ϵϢûʸѯġ
ҶǳëӦûʸԽ洫ӣӦÿԲõ
ϣҪѯѩϢһս½С硣
Ҷǳ´ĳ˵
λϱĿһ۾Ҷǳ˵ѩŵӣһս룬Ӣӣһսǵĵֱַǡ
õǵĵַҶǳȲظȥˡ
û뵽Ѿˣ̵Ĵȷǳá
ҶǳϴЦݡ
ܿŵסȻ˽һ洫ӣȴɳ룬û˸
ڲ̣λȼǳɭϣͼǲַߵȼĵӣǴŹ档

һ䷿С
ѩȰ㻹ǿӦӰɣŵеʮ֮һܿʸΪ洫ˣûùӳԵġڴһŮ
ȥӣҪپˡѩ䵭
ߣܾҲûãӽ洫ӺͿԵȥ£֮ӲĵġŮ˵꣬Ŷ
ոճͲײ˸ϹҶǳ
ʲôˣ·û۾𣿡ŮһҶǳֻһս񾳽磬ʱüһŭ
ž
˵꣬Ҷǳһ˹ȥ
ΪԼΪѩΪղĶԻҲˡ
ҴңŮʱŭսҶǳɱ
أһȭҶǳͰˣȻͬһս񾳽磬ǰŮӲλ۷壬Ĳ̫ˡ
ҶҶ磡ʱѩҲĶţҶǳһ˲䣬ʱסˡ
ѩþòǰϤŮҶǳ¶͵Цݡ
Ҷ磬㣡ѩ۾һ죬ϲʱסҶǳ
ԭһԼ
ԶǸŮűһҶǳѩгԹˣھȥӡ˵ʹҴҷˡ
Ҷǳѩˡ
Ҷ磬ʲôʱ½ˣãѩ̧ͷҶǳʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цһǰģһģڱ򡣶ˣС壬أ
ѩɫһ˵Сֱͷǰˣͷ½ʵǿǲҲ
Ҷǳüͷһ壬ͷǳȺʵڲ֮£ʱǡСܹعԵȺҲǵһԵ


900 
úѩóռ䷨ּϵ룬Ҫӡ
˵֪Ҷǳ½ǳϲϾ͸Ϲˡ
Ϊ뻹ֻǾӢӣܽŵӾסĵطѩȥˡ
ܿ죬Ҷǳѩ;˱ۼһ
Ҷ֣ˣҲ̫˰ɣżʮѣ㶼ѾΪսˣ治󰡡Цݵ˵
ӶҶǳо˸˵սȻͬһս񣬵ҵѹܴǴԲΡ
Ҷǳ΢Ц
һԵѩͷҶǰ벽޵вΣͨս벹̵ģֱӾ洫ӡ
˻뵹һ𾪵ؿҶǳһ̫ˣ½ͳԽǣʮı̬
ʼղ㰡Ҳ̾ǰ벽ԲŵӵҲٮٮߣŽǰʮͰ벽޵лǲ̫Զˡ
˵ҲãǸһֱھѩ洫ӣֻҪƣҿӻҲٲѩˡ
һϴѾˣû뵽Ҳѩüͷ
ߵҲͱǿһЩɲ㡣
ǵ̸ҶǳһԵѩʵʲôˣ𣿡
ѩû˵һԵ˵ѩܵ͵Ųˣӿѩһ̫ģѩŲϲء
ԭˣҾʹҶǳ˵ͷһŵӶѣ⡣
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ڴʱ⴫һĻ
˭ҰҴӵˣ˭ô󵨣Ͽҳ

üͷһӡ
Ҷǳվ߳ӡ
⣬ղǸŮˣվһߴȻӡһս񣬶Ƕս
ҲӵΪһ˵ѹҵľ棬ԭǽ˶ս񾳽磬ҲҪˣȰ㻹ʶ㣬ʱҲ
ٶ£˶ս˵ɡӵ˾һۣ漴ѩʵٸһᣬߡ
һ̫ˡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵Ҹһᣬʹȥ
һĿضҶǳҵ𣿡
ৣ
˵֮䣬ԭһӰѾҶǳһƳҶǳȹҪ֮֮Ϊ˱
ǸŮˣһؿţֻиеܳ졣
ž

ҶǳˣӱҶǳˡ
Ҷǳʩչ˲ƣһȷˡ
㡭
ӵɴ۾š
ҶǳóԼƣ˵´ҿѩͲֹһôˡ
ʲô洫ӣӶҶǳеƣʱ
洫ӡǸŮˣ㶵ؿҶǳеƣŵһƨڵϡ
Ҷǳȵ
ӺŮ˲Ҷ̾ͻˡ
״еʹ죬Ц洫ӣ簡һǵһοŵôһˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦѩԺȥɡ
Ǹã洫סڳģҪöˡʱ۾һ˷ܵ
ѩȻû
Ц˵ңҺܿҲΪ洫ӵġ
Ǿȥľ¥һ١
ҶǳʹѩصԼԺ䡣
Ϊ洫ӣҶǳԺǳ޴кܶӣѩѡһס¡
ĻãҪúõرչˡ˵
Ҷǳóһʯ˵ս֮еõʯȥɡ
ٺ٣ҾͲˣ洫ӣÿɶһʯЦЦҲûиҶǳЩʯȻݱչ
ţҶǳҲ͸ѩһʯ˸Ի
صԼӣҶǳóսƪսƪȼһ֮㣬ʼ
֮ȼ֮Ҷǳսƪ֮һʣµ֮ҪԼʱȥˡ
עһʱ䣬Ҷǳ˵ʱֵǮˡ
սչؼ꼸ʮ궼Ǻġ
һҶǳսƪսƪȫ͸ٳأҪֲȱݣս޵вΡ
ʱ츳洫ӵУŵӵУǶġ


901 ޵
ʱţת۱ʮ¡
һУҶǳ۾ɢɫĹâƽһһ˵Է¶ݡ
ͻо޴ѹȣ·һ𲻿սʤǿߣвȻԸ
޵У
Ҷǳ˫磬˺Ѳ񷣬ޱ޵е־˲֮ӡ
ʮʱ䣬սƪսƪΪȱݳֲˣӶ޵вΡ
ڵȻֻһս񾳽磬ʵѾԽһЩսˡ
ز̤½ǿһС
ңݡ¼ϢֻҪﵽ޵вεţԶΪŵӣʸǰ硯
𿴲˾޴󷱻ǲ̵ĺǡ硯
˵ǲ̴ʼ˲ģһ磬ʱѸ٣ȥһ죬Ѿȥʮ졣
ʮʱٴʲô
Ҷǳкܼ˵ڵʮ꣬Źȥһꡣ
һͿڶʱΪǿʵ
Ȼĺô㣬౦أǲӵӵġ
ֻдﵽ޵вεţֵòصࡣ
Ҷǳھʸˡ
ȥҲڶʱڴﵽս񾳽磬ȻıʣµĴ塣
£Ҷǳ뿪ӡ
ѩ뻹ڱչأҶǳֻһţûдǡ
һֵҶǳ츳Դǲ츳ĵط
츳Ҳһλϣ⡣
ⳤϽӹҶǳݹƣѯһҶǳϢüͷһȵؿҶǳǰ벽޵вεţʲôѵ̤޵вΣ
˲ð
벽޵вεĻ˵սô죬֪˶ٸ벽޵вεţŲ̲ȱ١
޵вεžͲһˣּǲ̵ĸΪӵ츳δٶܹΪս񼶱ĳϣкܴʳΪʮսϵĸ
ǿǲ̵֧ǲĴ֣ܹݣư½ľΪĸÿһ½պĳڣվ½۷塣
ԣ޵вεţ̷ǳأֱΪŵӣ磬صࡣ
ϣԿҶǳ˵ͷҲûǫ顣
峤΢Цãȥ츳ԣֻҪͨˣʹĴﵽ޵вΡ
ڴϾһ𣬷ǳοǲ٣ԽԽǿʢ
Ҷǳ漴츳츳Աߣкܶ࣬ǰˣ츳
츳һ߲㣬ֱԲλλ벽۷塢λ۷塢벽ԲԲ벽޵С޵С
ֻҪ츳ǰͻһһΪĿܣֻҪܣͨء
Ҷǳ츳֮츳ͨƣ֪İ벽޵вεţֱӾ˵߲㡣
һĿռ䣡
ջɵģ֪жôӴ
ҶǳվڰУĶ棬۳һֳֳɱ죬һ޵еϢϯȥ
Ǵﵽ޵вεĿܣվֻǿܣȲ޵вţ޷ܣǾûʸΪ޵вΡ
Ҷǳ򣬵Ӷȭɱȥ
ৣ
ܻӶһ˺Ѳ񷣬ҵĵ磬ֲĵâһӺգƥ
ȻǿܣĹԴﵽ޵вΡ
䣡
Ҷǳȫ⣬ɫأǿ󣬳ֿȭӭսǰ߿ܣȭƲ񷣬ȭᴩա
Ҷǳһսһǰ
ȭҶǳУչֵ쾡£֮İɨȣưԡ
ĿܣĽڽڰˡ
վֻǿܣȻӵ޵вεȴûжӦľ磬Ҷǳг˼ٸغϣͱһȭ塣

ȥ˲䣬ҶǳҲͳȥˡ
һ̣츳߲㱬ҵĽ⣬䴩ͨ쳹ء
ҫ۵һĻ츳ˣҲǵߡ
쿴츳ĵ߲㣡
츳߲㱻ͨˡ
޵вεųˡ
ǲֵһλŵˡ

Ƕ䶯ˣ̵Ľ
޵вΰﵽ𣬲̤½ǿһС
ˣֻҪδһ½ĸ֣лʵ۷塣
ʱҶǳ߳츳һ˫˫ȵĿ⣬ʱ˷
оηĽ


902 ı
ԡһ˫˫ȵĿ⣬ҶǳԵúƽߵⳤǰЦ˵Ҳ
ⳤϿǰҶǳοͣЦǲֳһţ˵ǲ٣ԽԽǿʢˡ
˵գ͸ҶǳƣΪŵӡ
ˣµƣƣڲ㼸Գͨˡ
ⳤϰµƵݸҶǳЦ˵ŵ󣬶ųǲλͬս񼶱ĳϣԺ˵ҪעˣΪڿʼһһжԴǲ̡
Ҷǳ֣صص˵ͷ
УƣͿȥǵãúȻ츳޵Уվֻһһս㲻ʲôǿߡֻеΪһλĸ֡ⳤѵ
Ҷǳ漴뿪ѾȲǰˡ
λڲǵģҶǳʾԼ֮󣬱һ׷ͯյЦеӭ
ҽһ£ǵĽʹרŸ½޵вţʲôĵط㶼ѯҡ
ʹ˵գʹҶǳ硣

һС磬һ޴Ĵ½½ϽһǳأһЩССĹׯ԰Χųǳأͬǹ¡
ʹҶǳָЩССĹׯ԰˵ЩסĶһЩһЩϣǾսϵĳǿߣҪǡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷٸڸܵ˲̵ĿֲʵѹֿԳư½
Щׯ԰Щ޵вŵľסأȻкܶׯ԰ǿŵģϾﵽ޵вεŷǳ١ʹЦ
Ҷǳһʵ֪ǲӵж޵вţε𣿡
Ǻǣÿ½޵вŽѯϷ⡣ʹԹһЦ漴˵ǲ̵̻񣬵Ȼεţ˽Ľ庮ӵ壬ǲλ״еһˣųǲ̴ʦ㡣Ѿս񼶱𣬵ս񶼲Ķ֡
ҶǳԵһεţȻǶɣ̻񰡡
Ľ庮֮⣬ǲ̻λ벽εţǳ˲ãҲ״ӡΣ޵вεŵӣ㣬һʮˡʹ˵
Ҷǳ԰࣬ͬĶʮ벽ⲹ̵̫ˡ
⻹ֻǲ̣ôĶأʥأ
һ̣ҶǳԼ츳㲻ǿǿŻкܶ࣬ҪŬС
ոսŵӵһ˿ʱ֧顣
ҶǳȶԣʹԼׯ԰
ԺˣһλսʮλսԺĻʹ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ֪ŵӵĴܸߣרŵĻ
ʹ˵ǲ̵ĵıǳҪҪסıֱǵսռ䡢صǽ
˵գʹóһ齻Ҷǳ
ıʲôⱾоͿԿˣҲ뿪ˡʹ˵
Ҷǳæʵǰǰʦô죿
ʹЦ˵ıеľصǿ츳ĵطֻҪȥصǰ㣬ôȻиע㣬ԷϿ㣬ͻ㷢ѶϢʱͿѡǷͬΪʦ
˵꣬ʹ̤ȥ
Ҷǳۿνı
ıеĵǵõıһʮǲʷһЩﵽʮս۷壬׼磬ġ
սһ磬ǵ
˵ƿ磬գǳֲ
̵Ĵʼ˲һѾ뿪½֪ȥˡ
ڵЩ¼һĵǰΪһǧ
Ҷǳ½޵вţĿǰӵһĻᡣ
ҪӵжĲʱ䣬Ǿ͵츳ǶԲйסݵķͨؾص
صҲı֮һÿͨһ㣬ܻһʱ䡣
ʣµսռǽԲһ㡣
УսռڣԺͲʷһЩͬζսӶս顣Ҫ֪ǺͲʷϵĳսεĸ֡
ǽǲʷһЩܳţгǿߣµһЩǵĸɢң˲ãͿǷˡ


903 
˵ıҶǳ۾˼
ֲȱݣﵽ޵вΣҪٽһʱڿ
ΪѲһʱõʲôЧ
ҶǳȻ۾Ѿ˾
ڵΪһսڣΪ½˵ʵ̫ͼˡ
Ͼս񵽴ߣֻдﵽս񾳽磬ǿߡ

ڴʱԶһ
Ϊ׵һս
ҽ԰ӽ쿪ʼҾĹܼҼ滤ͳ죬ʲôԸ˵սҶǳ
󣬻ʮս񣬻мŮҶǳ
ҶǳипѣսսɵǳְǶǿĴڣȴΪ£
޵ŵĴ
֪ˣ԰ҵׯ԰ͽˡҪȥʲôһ˵Ҷǳ԰˵
԰һ¶Ľɫæ˵ߣ
Ҷǳ漴̤뿪ǰԶĳǳأǵıڡ
ǳ֮УһλǾǲ̵Ľ
һλϵĴڣ½ľͷ˭Ҳ֪ʵﵽʲôطʣ϶վ½۷塣
Ϊ򣬵Ż̩ɽ˸ҷ
Ƿõĵط
Ҷǳ߽ʱһ𣺡ѡһ֮Զͳ
Ҷǳ˵ǴԪ𣿡
УҶǳ͸оǰһѾһ޴ʯǰ
ҶǳĿǰʯȥ
ˡ
ʱҶǳоԺһ˵궼·ѿˣޱ޼ʵĺ嫴ԪռС
Ҷǳзǳ𺳣ԼԪٶȲ֪˶ٱʯ˼򱶣ֱ
ֻһʱ䣬ϲ򣡡
Ҷǳ˷ʱ䣬Ԫ
ͬһ麣࣬ϵš
ĵѸ׳
Ϊڿ
һսڡһս۷塭һսԲսڡ
ҶǳΪ˻һӡ
һʱ䵽ˣ
Ȼһ𣬾Ҷǳ۾󣬷ԼѾڵˡ
ô͹ȥһ𣿡ҶǳеЩ˼飬·ŹȥһʱѣҲ̫˰ɣ
ҶǳŶԷƭ϶ǹȥһˡ
ֻ˵ղ̫ڴԪĵУ޷԰Σоʱ١
սڣ˻ǺöҵΪȻô죬ϧֻһʱ䡣
Ҷǳ漴һԼΪʱϲ
Ѿﵽ˶սڡ
ˣһȥͨؾص
Ҷǳʱ뵽˾ص
صоֻҪͨһܻһĵᡣ
ҶǳҪԼΪôõѡϾȥصˡ
̻ԻͣڳڲԶ
صĿ飬ֻҪͨأͻԶ͵һ෴ûͨأǾͱ߳š
Ҷǳŵһȥ
Ƚ֮Ҷǳǰһʱһ޵ĿռУ֮ǰ츳Щơ
һΣҶǳǰʮ޵вεĿܡ
ʮ޵вεĿܣֱֲ̫ˡ
ʮһɱҶǳʮѳ޵вεնˡ
ۣ
һҶǳѪˣɫޱء
ȻֻǿܣʮܺһܵĲ̫ˣʹҪʮ޵вεǿ߰
û뵽һĿ鶼ôѣҶǳľ
ͬʱҶǳѪƿٻָ
һΣûװóɫؽʩչռǰʮɱ
һҿɱҶǳķ˾޴Ŵһ
Ϣʱ䣬ͱ͵˵ڶ
һθֲһٸ޵вεĿܳҶǳΧΧ
ҿ
Ҷǳʱ±ˡ
һһ٣
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أ
ڶĴŴҶǳǱصɳصڵϡ
ȿȣҶǳѪƲء
ҿֻǿ飬ĻѾˡ
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˵壬Ҷǳ̤ն𣬷Լׯ԰
ȻõһĲᣬˣȻָƺ󣬲ȥ
صԼׯ԰Ҷǳͱչˡ
һʱ䣬ҶǳƳ׻ָȻȥˡ


904 ̿ռ
һʱ䵽ˣ
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һ̣ҶǳѾ˵ſڡ
ǿ찡Ҷǳ۾Ŀг˼˷ܣΪڶβΪһ̤սڡ
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ϧҲĻѾˣֻ취Լ츳ȡͨؾصڶٵõһһĻᡣ
Ҷǳ뵽
Ҷǳȥսռ䣬棬ҵһЩʷϵĳս
Ҷǳĺܲңûһʤ
һ𼶱ţһȭͰҶǳˣ˫ʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳЩŵĿֲȻ̤޵вΣЩţúܡ
һ죬ҲҪﵽΣ
Ҷǳ¶ġ
ıһҲǽ
ǽʵǳڵһǽֻкܶźͳǿǽϿ¼һЩĵöѡ
ף⽣ÿֲ
ۿǽҶǳܿҵһǿĽɱ¾ǳĿ£ܿ£ȫ˼ˡ
ҵռһнɱ¾ҲҪ档Ҷǳ򣬵õ˲ٺôռˡ
ӣҶǳһֱǽ򽣵ʷϳֵźͳǿ̫ˣǽལΪҶǳռ֡
ʱƶҶǳռӿˣһ̳ܹΧĿռ̡
ƾһӦÿԴصڶˣǵҶǳԵúš
һľ
Ҫ֪Ҷǳ벹Ҳֻмʮѣ񻨷˰ʱ򽣵佣Ȼֲס
Ȼȥ꣬Ҳֻǹȥʮѡ
ȥصòĻᣬټΪ
ҶǳȲظȥصˡ
ΪѾ˵һӵڶֱӴ
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ৣ
ҶǳһӳһٸܵԴˡ
ڶͨ
Ҷǳ漴͵˵

ҲҶǳͨڶʱ򣬵һڣһλλǱչǳ˯ĸдǣ׷۾Ŀת˾ص
һ޵Ŵ˵ڶ𣿡
þûͽˣʲʺҡ
ٿǿǰɡ

һλλǿĴڵ
漴ЩǿĴǰչֳҶǳڴĻ档
УҶǳܵһǧܵΧ
ֲ̫ˣҪ֪Щܶ޵вεģȻûжӦľ磬ȴʵʵ޵вΡ
һǧһֲֿ֣ܣԽҶǳɱ
ҶǳһգµռƺƵռ䡣
Ƭ֮䣬ҶǳͳûնɱٶܣʩչռʣµĿҲɱĸɸɾ
úҶǳ͵˵
һ̿ռ䣡
ĽҲһ£СӲżǲʮ꣬ڵҲֻ˰ѣĽ츳̫ˡ
ﵽ޵вΣܹô죬ǱޣٿԴﵽ벽Ρ
ϧǽʺң

̵һЩ̸š
Ҷǳһ̿ռ䣬Щò˳ޡ
Ըĺ٣ΪҶǳֵǽ츳
ֻһЩ߽ĴڿҶǳı֮󣬾ͷϢҶǳڵׯ԰ˡ
ʱҶǳѾ߳ˡ
̫ǿˣ
⣬Ҷǳվǰĵ¡
ֻһܣȴﵽ˰벽Σһӳ綼ˣҶǳ޷̿ռ䡣
һҶǳͱɱˡ
Ȼֻﵽ벽Σܴһ
ٺ٣ֵõʱˣȥ򣬿ܲܳ嵽ս񾳽硣
Ҷǳ漴˷æ
úҶǳʱͽˡ
һﵽսڣûнս񾳽磬ΪԽѶԽ
ʵﵽս񾳽֮󣬵İͲǺܴˡ
һתۣҾѾսˣ
ҶǳЦݡ
Ѿˣôʹﵽս񾳽磬˳ȥ䶯
޵вŵĴ


905 ʦ
ҴϢЩӦöõˣ֪û˿ң
Ҷǳһ߷Լׯ԰һߵ
úִׯ԰
԰ӭҶǳΪʱͫһ漴æһλλϴѶϢΪͽ
Ȼ
Ҷǳ۾һ˿Լˡ
˭ǵϢ˽ҡҶǳ˵գԼӡ
԰ܿ죬ϾͰλڵϢˡ
ҶǳһĵȻһλϢλڹȻ£Ȼһλʮһսվڵ½۷塣
ңһǿߣߵǰԽ
İȭ֮ͬһǰǳǿơ
ˣԽҲǲһλΪǿƵĸ
԰һѵˡҶ죬λԽ߷ǳǿƣȻΪͽֻܴӦȻĻ͵ˡ
Ҷǳüͷһ԰˵ѵһһСӼƽϣ
Ȼƽϣͽܣ϶鷳ġ֪ǲ̵λ벽Уһͽܡ԰˵
ţˣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ϵϢ
һλϣؽģһؽ֣޵Сֽûʲôȴǳֲ
Ҷǳȴҡҡͷѡ˷
ؽѾˣݴΪʦİǺܴ󣬻ݰԽء
ǣڿڶλϵϢҶǳʱ۾һȵվ
λϽΪһλʮսĽǴӲĲ콣
ȱݣһ֮
ǲ콣ĺİ塣
һ죡ôǣ
Ҷǳ֮󣬲ɵ̾ѡ
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㲻һ𣿰Խĺǿƣô͵ˡ԰Щɵ
ҶǳߵֻܸҾˣĲѯʡ
ǣ԰ҶǳŭæΪĹλøҶǳ
Ҷǳ뿪ׯ԰ΪڵĹȥ
УҲвڹעҶǳ֪Сӻѡ˭ʦ
ԽߡΪǶڸտš
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Ҷǳʱܵһɿֲѹϵ
ǺǣԽߣûѡõԴС𣿡һӰȻҶǳǰ͵ĹâϷҶǳ˶סˡ
Ҷǳʱоѹʧȫģɹ̫ĸо
ֻкܷŭûѡԽߵʦԷͶŭˣѹѹ㲻˼ݣԴСǿư
ǰӣʣδʦΪˡ
ΪȻѡ㣬˵ȱǿһЩͽӱһǲıȱǿ
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汻ǳ׹䣬һĩջľ
Ҷǳʱеٽ
ݣ
ʱҶǳǰΪˣ˶Ϊһ񽣣һӳǱ˺ѵĿռ䶼ֲ
ޱߵĽƺƵһŴ󲼣գһС
һ죬ˡ
ضܹȫһԲȫһȥеһжʧˣ綼ָ
Խһһһ죬һ콣㲹콣֮գҲʸһս
˵֮꣬Ľȫʧˣָƽ
ۣ
ҶǳǰԶΪԻɫһףһѪ
ǰû°ɣҶǳæǰסΪ
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һ̣˵γһ֮С
ΪһǰҶǳЦʵԸΪʦҵø㣬ҵĲ콣ûдɣһҪƣûʱ̵㡣ǣûͽǰΪʦǾΨһĵӣҿ϶Կ
ʦϣͽһݣҶǳѾˣݵڵء
úúãΪԵúܸˣãæҶǳһЦݡ


906 Ľ
֮УΪҶǳԼĶ棬ǰ꣬οϲá
ͽ㴳ص͵ʱѾˣĽӦԴİɡΪ
Ҷǳ˵ͷû˵Դģҽռ
ţǧһɰٴȷʸռΪ˵ͷЦ˵ܹǿĽĽ츳Զ׼οʱҲܶݡֽһܴȱݣ֪㷢ûС
ҶǳҷˣȻǿںЩкܴȱݣǵЩˣ˴˳ͻ˴
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˵գΪóһ飬дŲ콣ĸ֡
ΪʦĲ콣ΪʦĿǰҲûн콣ɾ磬Ų콣ģٸΪʦһʱ䣬ΪʦһȫŲ콣Ϊ˵
Ҷǳӹ콣˵ͷЦЩʱ㹻ͽˣƵͽս񾳽磬ҪɾĲ콣ʱʦѾѲ콣㵽ɾˡ
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ΪЦŵͷ漴˵ҹۿռֺͰԽ߱һܶ࣬ҪչأͲ̵ܽˡԼʲôģҳٸ㡣ˣҳ֮ǰòҪ뿪
ΪΣҶǳɻ
Ϊ̾ϢԽһǿƹˣεȻԶ֣ĵӿ϶ѵ㡣
ѵͬɱҶǳü
Ϊҡͷ̵Ȼɱֻǽѵ㣬Ǿû¡ղţԽߴңֻҪû˵ҵĸǾͲ⡣˵ףǿΪʵǿȨ
ʦˣպҲҪʱչ콣ʱͲ뿪ˡҶǳ˵ͷ
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ֻҪ˲콣˵Լﵽ벽Σ޵вдﵽ۷塣
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ʦֻûл𣿡
ſŵλüͷ
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ˣˣԴʦֵı£Ҫǵģ˵˵ղŵɣôĶǲ֪ʦ˵ˣɫֿһͷ̷ԵúܾɺۣͣȲ
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ȵҲ۾ϹˣǴȻʦôǼͽܵģȻҪʦ
˵ͷҲʦ˼δػһСϷǼͽҲ޶ԣ˻ΪǰԽһΪһԺ˭ǲĽͷ
ѾˣҶǳͨһսǲ̵ģԭֻǰ벽޵вΣû뵽̶ʱ޵вΣҲѹʦᶯġ
ˮΪ˳ȣŲߣȻ׼˵Сս񾳽磬Ǻʦֶսʦָս񣬶Ըһ־͹ˡ
ҾͲˣұ磬ҪǶ֣˶˵ԴСҲǸˡߵ
ЦɣˮʦóıԣС»ǽҰɡ
ˮѵʦ֣ѵһ¾㹻ˣϾҲǲ̵ţǲ̿ɲͬɱ
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ţ֪ؾͺãͽˡһӣˡ
ʲôʦȻʲôͽܣԽһԵˣļͽܣȻҲ̳ĸԣҲһԵᡣ


907 
ʮ´ҴҶڵУȴѾȥꡣ
ʱ䣬Ҷǳ˲콣ֻǳٳ޷콣ռ
Ͼ콣һַǳǿĽںͺˡ
Ҳżеʱ䡣
Ҷǳţйȥ꣬ҲֻǹȥʮѣսԪɴǧ꣬ڵ֮б꣬еʱ䡣
սԪ껹ٵĺܣԲȱʱ䡣
ҶǳżǰԽµĽȴżˡ
ֻһׯ԰С
ˮ˾ۼһ
ſŵλãˮЦ˵һӴʦҪˣʦҲȥӭˣǴ˺Ϣ
ȴҲᣬȥҹҶǳСˣСһֱΪжȥˣСӻѵôһֱȥʦֻǷһûдãǹܣ
𣿡ˮüͷѾҶǳСӸˣϾֻһСʦ֣϶ֵû뵽Ҷǳȴһֱչδ⵹鷳ȻԵҲȥΪס·ϣᱻŹ洦ġ
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ˮ΢΢һЦʦֶѾ뵽취ˣҪҸ𣿡
Ѿ뵽ˣһ㶣Щ֪ν
ˮЦ˵ǱƳҶǳСӣǺǣСʱ䲻츳ָߣʢȥׯ԰Ļʹȫѵһ٣϶̲
԰ôû뵽ˮʦʱ۾һ̤նһɳ죬Ҷǳڵׯ԰ȥ
ΪսٶȺܿ죬һӾͳҶǳׯ԰Ͽա
԰żӦ֣ɵһЦĲڴ˵أı£϶ԸӦõα
ʱ䣬Ѿٴˣ֪Ŀġ
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ʲôǿûе㡣԰һæַȻս񣬵ȴɲĶ֡
Ͼ޵вεţԽսʤǿߡ
ۣ
԰Ѫµʮһͱشˣ׷׹ڵأҵׯ԰ݻˡ
ǺǣȻûең־͹սѪȵֻǸһѵҴҶǳСӣʦԺÿһһΡ
˵̤꣬ȥ
԰һЦ
û뵽ֱֶΣӶƳҶǳ

ΪĹҶǳǰ԰Ļ󣬵˵֪ˣҾ͸һȥǸ
ǧȥֿԣôҪȥĳȥǾ»ҵȣҪģҲҰôܵ˶ѡ԰æ˵
ˣд㣬ȥɡҶǳ˻֣˵
԰һֻ̾ȥ
ҶǳΪԼĲ콣콣Ѿˣǽ콣ҵռںϣں˵Ҳ죬˵ĻҵԡˣôƬ֮ںϣûôչһǧһ궼ںϡ콣һԸûҪչأǸóȥĥĥˣϾսܴٽ˵򡣡
ֲռȱݣѵӦþǽ󽣵˴ںˣϾһĽںѡ
ķʱģʵ콣
Ҷǳռʮʱ䣬⻹ԴĽʺԼһմٳռĴڡ
콣ΪԴĽҶǳ˵Ǳ˵ĽͲʺǿԾ͸Ӻķʱ䡣
ƾҶǳԣҲķʱ䣬˲콣
Ҳ͵ܹʮʱ䣬ȻĻҶǳ޷¶Ž
֮䣬ҶǳΪչصǰ
ΪûгأΪǰŮڿҶǳæӭ˵ˣҪ뿪˵أǾͰѴϡ
˵գݹһƷ
ҶǳʶƷȵս̨
һ̣ҶǳԼʦ˼
ȻΪƵս̨ΪʵֻҪʵûдﵽս񾳽磬¶Ҫս̨ѹơ
ǸҶǳģöԷûа취ΪѹҪаƾԵ츳Ϊǲܵġ


908 
ӹΪƵս̨ҶǳϾͿʼ֮͵õս̨һЩϢ
ս½սƵս̨ͬΪƵս̨һսַ̨ΧڣֻҪﵽս񾳽磬ôΪͻᱻѹƵս̨˵ͬһ硣
ս̨еˣʱԷս̨ս½Щս̨С
ʦΪҿǺˣֹԽߵǼΪѹҡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
ڲ콣ûʱԼĵԪˣΪͣսڡ
ȻΪս񾳽Ҫͺˡ
ҪһЩ︨С
ʯܼӿٶȣ˵ɺ
벹֮ҶǳѾкܶණٶȡ
к͵Ƶı˵ĳԪĸ߼սĴԪɴڣڣǱӡĳƷϣƷͽŵ
ʵҲһֵֻǸ߼ĵΪ̺֮ĵĵ̺ĵǾͿ˵Ϊˡ
Ҷǳֻսôµĵֻ̺սĵЩսȻûá
㣬ҲձģаǿΪı
ֻǳԽǿսµĵǼֵ󣬻ǳϡС
ҶǳˣҲе۸񶼺ܸߣġ
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жһžܽ״̬
ʲôݣʥҹ¶ҺȵȣЩﶼܰԣһϡ֮ֵ߲˵мС
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ʵ̵ӣҲԼѰһԵȻĻҶǳôãҲûмӣΪǶѰһԵ
벹ֻ̣ܸ㹦սһǿĿɽԼһЩԵǲҲܵģԺ·ҪԼ
Ҷǳ벹̺лռܽΪս񾳽磬ѾĻԵˣôʣµ·ҪԼˡ
ξͳȥתת
Ҷǳգս̨뿪Ϊס
ֱӴҡڵطԼׯ԰
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ûмڳ֣ǵȵҶǳׯ԰̤֮ն𣬳Ҷǳׯ԰ȥ
ʱҶǳŸոշׯ԰԰˷׷ǰӭӡ
ĳˣºܿҪˡ԰ѵ
Ҷǳ˰֣һЦǼŮ˵׼ЩƲˣҾ
ԶĿɿڴе𣿻ƹˤ
Ҷǳֻ
Ůܿ׼˾ƲˣҶǳʯ£һ߳ԲһߺȾƣй˼ںռͲ콣顣
԰վԶЦԼаǿжˡ
䣡
˵ܲٲܲپ͵һǿѹһ̬޼ɵغɨ
һ̣һӰׯ԰Ͽգׯ԰һУͬ飬߸ϣĤݡ
Ҷǳ΢΢̧ͷȥȻǰԽߵͽܣһսͬҲ޵вεš
˸ҶǳĵһӡǾǰԵ䣬Ը񣬰ԵΪԷİԽԵʡ
Ҷǳ԰ɣ
ҶǳڴҲڸҶǳʯϵľƲˣǳһĨЦݣõǣ֪ҪڴеغȾƳԲˣֱһ㶼ҷ
ѵҰͲ𣿡Ҷǳһƣؿ˵
һ㶡
ҶǳЦⲻͶǷ㶼ģһԵƲˣҲսѵӭ𣿡
Сӣˣңһ㶣ʱ֪ԼҶǳˣˣдŭһžͲҶǳ
һŲ̫ݣ̽Ҷǳ̬̫ˣԷôУᱻΪ˸ˡ
Ҷǳһţ˵ĩƽԭľʱԷĴѾӿǲ˺üٴΣʱʩչһУʱͰصŭҲǣˡ
ռ
Ҫ̽ȫ
Ȼڱ֮ǰҶǳѾ߶Ϊս̨һɿµķ򲨶ׯ԰


909 һ
ΪƵս̨̺ĵ뷨ֻҪΪս񾳽磬ᱻ˲ѹơ
ֻսҶǳս̨Ϊ̾ͱѹսڣҶǳһ
ս̨
ӦԼΪѹƣʱͫһΪ̵ŵӣȻ֪ս̨Ĵڣֻû뵽Ҷǳս̨Ը
Ϊ˲ѹƣЩֲѾ߳ȥĽƣʱںиı䡣
ʱһɿֲĽѾҶǳϱǻصĽâһռ磬Ƭռ䶴ݺݵػĽơ
䣡
һ촫
ׯ԰Ͽպʹ֮ƥĲ֮ϯݿһŰƬ硣
Ҷǳռľ־
𣬿µĽâĽƶˣĽҴܣ·˺ѣһѷȫ¡
Խѹƣ
һɰԾصƶȻڴ߶ԼİԽѹڵռ
޵вεţΣңԼڵռǿѹ
ֻǣҶǳսİոʱһžͳ̤
ҲңǾҪб˲ȵľ
ҶǳһЦ֮֮޴ĽƣЯſֲڿ֮з̶
ң֣ڵռִָֻܾ֮񵲡
ϧҶǳһǿޱȣֱ߱ƣȻһӡϡ
Ƶ赲ҶǳһŵҲ˺ܶ࣬û߱ԴһĽӡ
ŭΪ̵ŵӣΪ޵вεţǲ̺պĽ֮һʲôʱܵ裿ȻһŲϣԺôˣһҲϴ̵ĳ谡
ҶǳҪɱ㣡۾ˣðŨҵҽһڱƳڵռһƥİ
Խ
ָ˲ֱָƣһ̤գԭһӰ˲Ҷǳǰ˽һնء
ǲ
ѵ
һնпˣһƥĽâնƲռ䣬ЯŻصҶǳ
һû֣ȫҪɱҶǳΪѾҶǳһŴ̼ķˣ˼ʲôͬꡣ
ȻҶǳ¼벹̲õĵӣûʲôͬꡣ
һ죡
Ҷǳҵ⣬ƥĽϯȥеɫؽһƱ࣬գǵء
İԽ˺ѣҶǳĲ콣ȴֲá
һǻһȴ޸
ף޸ȴѡ
ѣȴ콣ˣӶ˳Խ޵
䣡
ж𶯡
âƬڼȥׯ԰ݻˣ԰Ѿȥȴˡ
ɱ
ǽ籩ģӰҲɱеһδײĽâɱһС
ҶǳһֳֽʩչռһֻȭѪĿս
ҲߣͬﵽѪ磬Ѫڣ֮ҶǳѪһ㣬յĲսǳ¡
ָ
һָɫָâգ·ҪƬػ𣬿µ綼˺ڰ
ҶǳҲоǰһڣеĹ߶ʧˣֻüĴҵĺ⣬·һֿµҪüġ
ǲ̵ָĲ̴ʼ˲һָɱһͷħ
ħǿħеħ񣬺ųһħȣǳԽսĿ´ڡ
ɴ˿ɼһָжôĿֲ
ȻûвֲֿʵҶǳҲûħʵ
ȭ
һָҶǳʩչԴȭеȭ
֮ԲʩչȭΪȭ̫ȭĹȻǿȴܵĿơ
Ҫ֪ȭĺıһ֣˭ǰԽߵ״ӣ˼İԽǰðԵǲڹعǰˣ󵶣
ԣҶǳŻѡȭ
˺
ȭһ
ɫȭâƲ񷣬˺գָײһ
磬˳Ҷǳȭͷ˶ˣȫڣͷѪ
ҶǳҲܣȭͷָˣǿֲָ漴ֱֻ۶ըˡ
һƽɫѪˣ֮У˴˶ӣɫ


910 ԴС
ǿʵû뵽ս̨ҵĴ⣬Ӷһֲû뵽Ǳˡ
ҶǳŶк𶯡
ս½һ·֮ͬУǺɨˣ⻹ǵһ֮ͬˣûռϷ硣
Ȼ޵вεţ̤޵вΣڲ̶˺ܶ꣬о顣
ǸղˣټҶǳս̨ͻȻһֲҶǳ˿̾ҪԷѹˡ
ԽĽͣҲֻŵѣ̻ŵӣλεš
⣬һ̣滹Ķɣʥء
Ҷǳأиоһѹ
ս½ǵһţҲǵһǿߡ
½бǿĴڣΪаԽߣǶҪĴڡ
츳ڲ̶ŲǰǰʮοǷ½أ
ЩҶǳо˾޴ѹ
ͬҲ˶
磬ŸӾʣ
ҶǳҵĹâһ̣ľ·صս½ʱһ뿪µ۹µ顣
ƾԾɡ
ս졣
أ
Ҷǳս죬ٶȳһֳֽһֻȭӵ쾡¡
Сӡ
ҲȫսòȫΪҶǳԽսԽǿ·ĳս״̬
ռ
ȭȭȭ
ҶǳϷɫĹâ˶ս״̬ûаɵˣֻսս
Ҷǳʽһһȭʩչȴǳ·Ѿ˺ˣѾԤϵʽ
ս״̬£ȻҶǳѹˣȻƺСȴʵڡ
ôܣ
𾪣ķȻһ½ŵӸѹˣ˱ΪͰ
찡
Զ
ѹƣӦˣս԰ҲˣȻ츳ҶǳǵΪɲȻԷһ㡣
ʹ죬ʹ죡
ҶǳͻȻЦһɫؽ˫ȭӶƲ񷣬ɱѹƵġ
ʲôȭ
¶֮ɫû뵽ҶǳĲǽȭ
ռҶǳЦ
ŭѾȭȻ˵ռ
ʵϣҶǳû˵
Ϊڸղս״̬֮£ѾȭȭȭȫΪһ壬ռΪһ塣
ԣҶǳڻӶ˫ȭʵȴʩչռ
ȻҲȭռȭҲΪ֮
ǺģǸʲôȭͷȽţѡ
Ҷǳң뵽ҴռһսռӳҾռռҲҡ
һ̣ҶǳѾռһ壬˵ռˣռ
ۣ
ڼֲסҶǳһȭѪɡ
ױˣҶǳĽڽڰˡ
ˣ
һԵĺըա
һ̡
ۡ
ҶǳѪɳȥ
Զһϣޱߵӳ֣˵漴Ŀ⿴Ҷǳ
Խߣ
Ҷǳϳ˴ˣɫʱû뵽С֮Ȼǳ˰ԽߣδҲ̫˰ɣҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
С֮ͬд裬㾹Ȼ˺ݶΪ֪ܽ㣬Ϊ̵ĸȴǿԹܹ㡣Խȵ漴ҶǳĻᣬһգҶǳѹ
ҶǳŭԽ߲С֮ҲˣȻԳֶԸҲ̫Ҫˡ
ৣ
ڴʱһɿֲĽԶ
һ̣һĽâȻҶǳǰյľֶ漴˺ѡ
ʦ𣡡Ҷǳ
ǰԶΪ֪ʱͷƮɢһ̣â¶ҵĽƲ񷡣
㾹Ȼͻˣ
Խ߿ǰΪͫȻһƺЩš
Ϊ俴ŰԽߣȵԽߣС֮㻹ҪҪˣ
ߣӶͬʦֶֺݶǲ̸ȻҪܹܡԽԵ˵ţȻҲԸ
䣡
ӭĻǿֲһ
ΪغȵΪͽܣֲܣҪܣʹеĽ˵
һӳһ֮ɳԽ߰Уĸ߿ա
֮ϣʱҵսضս


911 
ʦͻ𣿡
̧ͷŲ֮ϵļսҶǳʷ²Լʦͻˣʮһս񾳽硣
ĻϴΪˣܺͰԽߴôãһһƶδԡ
ʦ˲콣Ӷͻƾ磬̤ʮһս񾳽硣
ҶǳΪԼʦͻƸеˣһͻƣΪվ½۷壬ǿģҲʣһЩŵ־ͷˣЩָ
ס֣
Ҷǳ˵ʱһ쳹硣
һ̣ҶǳͷֵǳصķɳһˣǸ˵Ŀ⳯￴
ˡ
һ˲䣬Ҷǳ͸оԺһȻ˾ʧȥ˸֪۾Ӧκﶼ˲˺ڰ֮С
Ҷǳеܻţ·һҹ¶СۣƮޱ޼ʵĴУΧޱߵĺڰ
Ψһܹģֻ
һһϣȥʲôСǵı𣿳ɺͳ
Խߣ㶼ǧˣȻٵС֮ҿǲ̵ĵ磬棬ôǲ̣ԴС㻹֪֪߳ܣ
Ϊոͻƣϻȥչȹ̾磬ΪһСµԼΪ
ڰԽ㣬ȥڰԨ㲻Ǿʢ𣿸ȥѹڰԨ
ǡ
ǽ

ЩҶǳҲԼĸ֪ʼָˣһ۾ͿΪϤӡ
Ϊס
ʦ𣡡Ҷǳʱе
Ϊ΢ЦҶǳĿ֮Уο֮ɫȻûʧ̲ã㽫Ľеһ˻ܡҪ֪ǲ̵ŵӵУҲܹŽǰʮ塣
ʦˣҪս̨ѹΪôܻĶ֡ҶǳЦȻ޵вεſԽսҲҪ˭ͨţˣȻԽ
˭Ҳ޵вεţһǲĽеҪԽεŲС
Ǻǣ㲻Ҫǫ飡Ϊ˰֣Ц˵һΪⲻʲô׾׷ţصĻ츳Ÿ޵вβãܹѹؼʱգβԿ̤벽Ρ
ҶǳЦЦ
ˣԽѾȥغڰԨˣʱǲܻԺͲٹ˼ˡΪ˵
ҶǳղǸǽ𣿡
ȻǽȻΪ˭Ǹʵܹһ˲ҺͰԽ߶ѹˡΪЦ
ҶǳԵһ𾪵ʦͰԽ߶ʮһս񣬽ʮսҲδؿһ˲ѹǰɡ
㲻磬֪Ŀֲһ磬صĲࡣΪҡͷοҲ²ѾԽʮǣǰ˰벽
Խʮǣǰ벽Ҷǳʱޱȡ
ˣЩСӸùܵġΪһҶǳԴЦôΪɣ̤ս񾳽磬½ǿߣʸ󶥼ɵǿ档
ʦΪôڵǰСҶǳһЦ
ΪЦ㵱ǴײˣôþôЩǵģʮսڶɽٳʱģһ̺˿ֲÿǲʵ϶нѹȻǸ޷˵ˡ㻹Ϊô㻤
ԭҶǳȻѹеĺöȴƵǵĲʱ䣬ϾܹĻ²ܹǿ
û뵽ʹõȴҪʱͺķΪǻҲ̤޵вεţʸýô󣬵ȻҲʱơ
ϾҲҪģͣǾͻᱻĶɵĽԽˡ
һɣŹȻҪǿߵʵΪҪ
̣ʧȥ˽ºܿͻᱻɸˡ
ϾռݵԴкܶ࣬û㹻ǿʵƾʲôռݣ
ףһСӾȻҿպһϹŴĵ硣
ͻȻΪɫһ¶˵Ŀ⣬ЦеؿҶǳ˵СӸղŲڱԹΪںˣˡ
ʲô᣿Ҷǳ۾һ
ΪЦһ֪ɣǰԽĽ͵ϴǲλ벽еһˡҿպһϹŴĵ磬϶ĵر˵Ϊ


912 羺
ôãҶǳҲ֪ҿպط˵ֽϹսϹʱ֮սս
Ϲʱ֪ʲô飬½еɶˣɱ֪ʲôһսֻɴ
ɱڵʥأֱʥԼһ塣
̡šЩɣϹ֮ս֮½ɡ
Ϊ֮սսҿպĿռǳңǲƵС磬иֲֿĵϹʱǿ߶Ծľս֮ǳΣա
Σ棬½ߣϲҿպΪǿߣ϶ÿһ綼һ󱦲أǰ
һֻдﵽս񾳽ǿߣŸȥҿպ
һǰ벽εţȻս񾳽磬ǱһսҪǿԲŸȥ
εĵ粢һһ˷ֵģҲˣҹĶҲǰľкܶࡣ
ΪǰҶǳɫѵǶҲһźášħǲ̵ĵˣźһ˵һ㣬Աջ˴ɱ֮ͬ䣬֣СĽ
Ҷǳü֮ͬҲԻɱ𣿡
Ϊ˵ͬŲŹ棬һ֣ϳΪɣֱɱǣûз֣û֤ݣǾͲ¡
ҶǳһʱˣҲڹӾ˰Խһεĵ֮УĽͶڣµʱ⵽Χ
ȻΪ˵εĵϹŴģϹŴʮս񾳽ǿߣµĵ磬ֻսµ˽롣ǰԽµĽͣûдﵽս񾳽磬ζȥúúþǡ
ˣҶǳæͷ
˵Ϊȷ˺ܶ࣬εĵ֮жЩΪ̾Ϣս񾳽磬εĵ֮Укܶս񣬶Һܶ඼Ǹһ޵вţа벽𼶱ţľֶǿ󡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷȷ˵ܲ
츳˼ұǿΪֱǿ㻹ʲôƣ
εĻԵ̫ˣѾܾûгʮսεĵˣдԵֱһΪҲܷΪ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷĿᶨ˵Σ棬Ӳµġ
ԣҪĳ徢½㲻ǰ壬˾ͻǰ壬ôҪڱˡΪ͵ص˵ͷҶǳ̬ȣŬΣգƴ
Ҫ֪½ȱţţҪŬȻͻᱻųԽȻΪӹš
֮УΪʦҲܰʲôֻԼΪʦȥΪ㹺һϣԽ˰Ϊս񾳽磬Ǹ֮˵ΪҲͲ̫󡣡
Ϊ˵ȻȥɣΪʦ˵ͻȥ㡣
Ҷǳæл漴ɻʦ𣬲ȥһʱ𣿡
ɵò׳һ磬ǲ̵ȻЩﵽҪĵӶȥԵкܶûлȻٻСȻҲˣҹƣҲҪȵһ֮ȥΪЦ
ҶǳȻ漴뿪˵ء
δҶǳҲ徻˺ܶ࣬뿪磬׼ȥѩ롣
Ҳмʮˣ֪ô
뿪磬صԼסҶǳѩ붼һţ˵˽ȥˣΪǶﵽ˶ս񾳽磬ʸˡ
ҶǳЩģҲ˵ˣҲڣѾﵽս񾳽磬̤˰벽޵вΣʵǿڣͲõǵİȫˡ
ѲڣҶǳ£ȥһ˲
ŵӵݣ󼸺ȫţûʲôܿ
Ҷǳڴһ߲鿴½ĸţһЩط˳㿴̵һЩǿս
գҶǳѡһǿսϴָ
ǿޱȣָʩչǿҶǳţָʱȥ
磡
ҶǳڲʱĿռ䷨ּһ£һʱ¶ĸ֡硣
ʦΪʦ֮ҲΪ˱˴˵ӡǣܹÿռ䷨ּ


913 
磬Ϊס
ǸĵһλսµģӦ㹻ս񾳽ˡ
ΪóһȱƣҶǳ̾ϢǳϡУĴԪҲϡУҲֻܹڶʱѰҵһ
лʦ𣡡Ҷǳм֪һļֵսĵֵʯмС
ƵĲ콣ҲһȥɡΪ漴ֽƺĲ콣Ҷǳ
Ϊ˼䣬Ҷǳȥ
뿪ΪסҶǳصԼׯ԰㿪ʼչ
ȱ֮УӵλսµĵĵҶǳĵһǴԪ
ԭˡ
Ҷǳ֮󣬶ʱ˵
򵥵˵ͱԾ˵İ൱˴𰸣ֻҪд̾ˣٶȵȻ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼǰֻʣһʱ䣬ǲ̵ĵ֮Уȴӵʮʱ䣬Ӧ㹻ҽս񾳽ˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
漴רĲԪ

ͬʱڵһׯ԰ڡ
ˮؿŴԶ̤նһˣӭʦ֣
ˣʦֵ֮䣬ôԺҪˡ˾һӣĽеϴ󣬰ԽߵĴͽܣ̽еλ벽еһˡ
ǣʦ֣
ˮæͷȴҵ棬Ϊ֪ʦֵΪˣǴʦ־ϲڼӣϲ޵вεǰڼӣΪܳгǴʦְ벽ŵĸ߹
ţأһӻܣûӰʱüͷ
ˮ
ˮæ˵ʦˡʦֲǲӭӣˣˡ
ˣ˵𣿸ң˭ҴĽͣһһŹһӺȻΪ˸߰ϲڼӣͬʱҲ̡ܻ
ˮЦˣҲǲ̵ĵӡ
˭һüѵĽ庮飬ǣ˭ҵǲĽͣ
һ벽𼶱ţĽ庮ǲţˣû˸ҵһĽ͡
һ½ŵӣҶǳʦΪˮæҶǳϢ˵
ԽҶǳΪͽȴҶǳܾˣһӶʱɫһ䡣
ǾҪʦʦֽܳѵҶǳû뵽ԷʹΪƵս̨ʦͬһսһʦ֡ˮ˵
һԵҲͷҲֻ֪û뵽ʦܾȻˣȻͬһսʦǲôãôһ½ŵӶ򲻹
ߣҵҪҶǳʲô£Ҳ۸͸ս̨ͬһսһӴһӣʱ˵
ˮæʦ
ôѵΪһ᲻һضˮ
ˮæҡͷʦ֣Ҳ˼ֻмҪ㡣ҶǳʦֵʱʦҲˣȴΪסˡǿ»֪ΪѾͻƿ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ʦʵ¡ʦ𱻽ȥѹڰԨˣΪȥˣҲԽѵҶǳ
£𾪵
һҲһĨ죺û뵽ΪȻͻˣʵȼʦ⵹Щ鷳
ʦ֣ҾڲżȥѵҶǳǲҪȥ𣿵ʱڵ֮УҪôСˮ˵
۾һ˵ͷ⵹һ⣬ĻԵΪһӽȥʱǾлѵˡ
һӳƬ̣漴ãô죬ҵĽͣʱڵֱӷ
ˮһɵʦ֣ǲ̫ˣǱ֪ʦҲסǡ
ˮʦܣƽǺܴôɵˣһƿ׳һˮߵ˭˵ҪطҶǳгֻ֣Ҫ֤ݾСοǲ̻ˣʱԽ赶ɱˡ
Ҳ˵ʦ˵Ĳʵǳֻ֣ҪʱǽҶǳٸţúħеҪҪ֪ɱһλŵӣкܴ͵ġ
ˮȻ漴۾һУЦҽ鵽ʱҶǳնáźħĵӣʱǻȸں֮
⣡۾һЦ
ô죡һҲ˵ͷ


914 һ
Ҫ̺֮ĵͷųȵеĵͷ꣬Ҳͻٵˡ
ԣһõƷҲ͸ˡ
ڵ֮дʱ䣬ҶǳеĵͳͷˣΪҲսڣ׵սڡ
ھ㲻ս̨ҲǸһˡҶǳ˫ϲɫ
սΪǳˣʵܻһЩսʵǿ
ѹǳ˵ˣֻҪͨսˣԺΪᳬ
ѹôţϣ벹̡
Ͼ̵ĻҶǳ֪ʲôʱܳΪս
Ϊս󣬽ٶԼࡣ
ҶǳʯһԼֻʯĻҪǧܽ׵ս񾳽硣
ڵڿʮʱ䣬ҲҪĿ޲УҶǳҪռôҪʱ͸ˡ
޸ǰ취²վ½۷壿óȥѰҵѰһЩĵرСҶǳҡͷ
ԣһεĵ֮У͸ˡ
˵ҪлǸһӣĻҶǳҲôĻᡣ
ȥôãһôûԼ
ҲǼɵʦɣ
Ҷǳƺʲô΢΢һЦ
񣬰Խ߱ȥڰԨΪȴڵ磬ǲĽȻҶǳ鷳
ʱһɽǲһ
ҶǳȵǸ֮ⲹĽͿ϶Լ鷳
Ҷǳ°衣
ʱ䣬ҶǳûټԪʼڲѡսָ
ʱһξ͹ȥˡ
ݣ
һҶǳһָɫָâգǰǽڶˣһĶڡ
ʱ䣬Ѿָսɾ磬ʮǿ
ˡ
ȻҶǳĿռ䷨ּ
óһֻдһ֣ǹ㳡ϡ
Ϣģǲ̵Ĺٷӵпռ䷨ּĵӣͲ̹ٷӡǣʱ̹ٷܽһЩϢ֪ͨЩӡ
ڿʼˣ
Ҷǳ¶ڴĿ⡣
ȥһΪסУ뿪磬ǰǹ㳡
һ·ϣҶǳĵӣڸǹ㳡
ЩӵΪսϣս¡
Ϊβй涨ֻսսǸ硣
֮ô涨Ϊսȥսµĵʵ̫ȥĴòʧء
ԣﵽǡǺǵĵӣʸμһεĵ֮С
ȵҶǳǹ㳡Ѿۼһˣɨһۣ֪Ѿмˣ滹˼
Щ˼ͣҲŵӣΪ£ûʸμεж
Ҷǳĵ˲˵ע⣬Ϊŵӵơ
ҲҶǳҪˣ磬¶ݣǲ̵Ĺ涨ֻҪŵӺ״ӣƹ䣬չ¶ݣͷ¶β
ΪǶɣŵӺ״ǲ̵ĳţŲ̵棬ôܲͷ¶β
Ҫ֪ЩǷǳںӵģԼµĵ洳̸߲㶼ġ
ԽµĸͽܣΪֻɱһħһս񣬴Ӷ£ΪĽͣҲ˻˲ٲʱ䣬ܷ
ʦ֣Ҷǳˮ˵
ԶĽվڹ㳡ǰ棬ͬı񽣣â¶˺գԵƥ˲ҽӽ
ʦ֣һҪֽԹضŷҶǳ
һεĳ裬Ҫϴˢ
һҲڴҶǳ漴˵ͷ˵ãҪʱʦֵΪҡź
лʦ֣һٴʧ֣˵
һ𣿡
ĽڴҶǳҶǳȻҲĽͣһˣǾһӡ
һӵİԶͣ˫վͬһ޻ƣΨҶ
˺ǿ˫绮գҶǳܴѹȸС
վһ̫ޱȵҫ۶ĿڳĵǶȻʧɫ·˶Ҷһӵġ
ߵĿĽ㡣
ҶǳֻǿһһۣؼˣΪ˵Ķ̫ǿˣκֻҪһӣ޷ǡ
벽𼶱ţȻ治֪𼶱ţжôֲ
Ҷǳ𾪣ѹܴ
ڵ벽űȼ磬ҪռͲ콣ںϣεŽ֡
𼶱ţҪС


915 Ԫ
Ҷǳ֮½һٶˣչ㳡Ͼۼٶλ̵ӡ
ҶĿŹ㳡ǰĸ̨֪δӵĳϻ˭һλϣôǾǻʮǡ
ݣ
ڴʱһǿĽңԶʼһɺƺƵա
ǿĽ⣡
ҶǳһоԼڵռͲ콣ڲ˵Ľ̫ǿˣǳ£ӽʦΪˡ
ӵ˿µĽ⣬ڲ̵Ĵ֮УָҶǳѾԼԼ֪˵ˡ
ؽ֣Уû뵽δӵľȻǸԪϡ
Ľ֮Уһ۾΢΢¶һĨȡ
³˵ĵӣҲܾȡ
ৣ
˼֮䣬һߴӰѾǰĸ̨ϡ
ʱһɺĽŰڳ˶ܵ˾޴ѹ
ҶǳоԼڿ֨죬ѹϵĿֲʵ̫ˣʮɽϡ
һЩӸֱһƨڵϣеֱӻԹȥ
Ƭ֮󣬵ȵԪɢȥĽ⣬лվˣֻʣһٶˡ
һٶˣս񼶱д໹洫ӣ˼ʵǿŵӣŵӶֵסղǹɿµĽ⡣
ڵϵģԹȥģȫûʸȥǸ硣ʣ»վŵģǺϸˣɣ
Ԫ
漴һ֣һҾ޴սʱУ̤նϣڴ͸ĿֱԶ
ߣ
һӴһս
ĽҲ뿪
ҶǳҲս

Ԫһӣսʱ˷ˣգмٱۣٶȱҶǳеٶȶ֪˶ٱ
һ֮սʻҿպ
Ҷǳǵһμҿպеǳ档
ĵӣһ֮⣬Ҳǵһҿպںؿš
ƯռƬÿһռƬһƵ磬ΧһЩʯţЩʯżйǣȴɢֲɷϵسײսķ֣ǳֲ
ҶǳܹܵЩйɢɷܹ׽ɱ
սУ½ʶһЩϹʱսۡ
νսۣϹʱǿߴսʱ˴˼ײսӡǡ
Ϊս˫ʵǿµսӡǼȥ£ȻƬ֮С
ʵս½ʱλһХԨȥ˼ܹ꣬ŽĿֲ⡣
ҶǳΪսʵ֪֮ǿ˶ٱʩչռҲԼĽ⣬¹ȥʮ궼ɢ
Ϲʱ񼸰ǧˣʱսӡǻʵͷǳֲˡ
ҲǾսϵǿߡ
Ҷǳ뵽
СӣҶǳɣҪΪͽȻܾˡͻȻվڴͷĸԪ֪ʲôʱҶǳߣ˵Ҷǳһ
ΧĵӣҲ˹ǵ֪ԪҪҶǳΪͽҶǳܾˣʱľѡ
ӼϣҶǳԪ漴һЦ֪˵ʲô
ȷǿҪΪͽ˰ԽߺΪ⣬ؽĸԪˡ
ҶǳǾΪʺԼѡΪ
ˣСӣӿûԽôСѡΪȷûѡǼһȷǿһʮһս񾳽磬ʵȼԽߣĽ
Ԫ漴˻֣˵
ԶĽɫޱȣΪͻˣǰԽһܴǵʦǱȥڰԨˡ
ʵͨ죬ƥؾͻҲԶˡҶǳЦ˵˸ƨ
ԪԵúܿģЦǣҪ˶ãҲܹͻˣʱ򲻼ûΪͰԽ߲
˵꣬ԪָҶǳ˽֪ҶǳҲؽʱָҶǳ䣬Ҷǳǳ
һһС۽ԶĲ̵ǷǳĽЩ߽ĵӣˡ
Ľ͵Ŀޱȣе˸ź⣬ܿˣϾҲĻᱻԪ֡
ݣ
սٶȺܿ죬зֱ޾ҿպеΣգһ·ٷɳۡ
֮ͬһҾ޴ޱȵսԶٶ벹̵ս纽С
Ԫû뵽ӣǲ˲šһ
Ҷǳתͷȥ
һļһԪһЦ漴ڴͷ˵һҲкܶ಻ĺӣǲ̵Ȼ󣬺ò׳һ磬ȻҪĵӴջ񡣡
˵šħǱ߳˼ĵӣҪһǲԸǣǱߵս
Ԫ˵Ҫĵˣǽȥ֮󣬿ԼĴɣֽȥֻȴ


916 
˽ӽ磬·ҲһЩɵսһɣͲ̲纽С
úǸáźħսԷҲһ𲢼纽ж
ݵ󶥼ɣʱһá
սٺУܿ硣
һ޴ʯбһ׶һռԲ˭Ҳû뵽羹Ȼ档
Ȼһ磬¶ϹŴĵ硣
Ԫͺһһȭҵȭ⣬ʱʯ顣
һ̣һ޴ĿռԲ򣬳˵֮С
λְɣЩСһǽȥԴŵĴ˵
һ̣󶥼ɵĴǣ׷׳֣ǰĿռԲ
ԪҲˣֻһӳҵĽâƴƥֱڿռԲ˺ѳһѷ졣
ȥԪҶǳ˺ȵ
Ҷǳ˵ռѷ졣
ǽȥԪҲǵռѷ»ָȫ
ʱУһ޴ޱȵĿռѷ죬Ҷǳ˴ӿռѷ֮лɳ
ǵĽ룬еĿռѷҲʧˡ
ȥǾҪȵʮˣʮʱ䣬㹻̽һˣԸԪ֮ǰ͸˵ˣʮٴδ򿪿ռѷ죬Զطʱͻᱻ档
ôôޱȣв̵ĵɻ
ӣҲ׷üͷ
ϹŴµĵ磬ӦóŹôаħµĵ硣
Щ찡ϹŴµĵô񡣡
ԣûԶһӦϹŴµĵ磬ЩħаɲԼĵ潨ͻȻһ̵ĵָԶ
ȥȴǿԶɽͷϣһЩģֻûʲôϢ
ʵϣ˽֮󣬶ûиӦκεϢ
ݣ
˵׷׷
ҶǳҲȥˣڿɲ뿪󲿶ӣȻĽͶ֣ˡ
Ŵ󲿶ӣĽǾԲҳֵģȻɱڳˣͬеͻ¶
˵ٶȺܿ죬һ㽵ǰ
ι𣿡
һ̵ĵǰź
һŵӣս񾳽磬ŵӵУܹӵΪеٮٮߣһЩ洫Ӷǿ
˻Ӧھĵġ
֨
ŵӵƿţ׼ȥ
Ҳ׷
ŵѾ֮С
ͻȻһҽ
ĴŶȻˣһѪŷ֮ɢԵޱ졣
ãʦѾˣ
һ洫óһѵ򣬶ʱе
͸ղŽȥŵǺУӵб˴˵
ⶫֻһôǾж˵һѣʹѾˡ
ηɱҲ̵ӣһӴһһĴŷ顣
һ˵УʵǿĽ͵Ҳǲ죬£Ҫ棬Ϊ˻˵ĺøУְ𣬶ˡ
أ
ŷ֮һʬ˵ǰǸղȥŵӣ˿̻ȾѪͫ׵ɴϴ󣬷·𿴵ʲôֲĳǰܵ˾š
ؿڣһѪܵĴ󶴣һ
࣬ʦܵ౻ˡղ洫Ӿ
ɫһ䡣
ħֻħϲ̳˵࣬ҶСĵ㣬䱸һɫغȵ
Ľǰ棬

һȺѻ˳ѹѹһȺ֪ж٣Ϯ
ҶǳһЩѻĲͬѰеܳޱȼ˸ź⡣
СģѪѻս񼶱лдﵽս񼶱ġ
һӺȵ
ĽѾɴһΪףһâȥѪѻ׷նɱ
жʱѪ꣬һֻֻѪѻʬ䣬
̵ĵǣҲ׷׳֣ɱЩѪѻ
ѪѻȻ࣬ǲ̵ĵӲ£ΪǸս񣬶һսеĳǿߡ
ÿӳ֣˲ɱһƬѪѻ
ԿõΧѪѻʬ¡
жѻʬԽԽ࣬Ѫѻ꣬ʬ塢Ѫâ˵߶Щģ
ڴʱһҽд
еӾֵ漴û
֮У̳ʲôǳɭֲ˱
һɫһ䣬˳ħЩѪѻУҶע㡣ûв´ֻħս񼶱𡣡


917 ز
ս񼶱
һӵĻ˶ЩţǾ֡
Ҷǳأۿܣɫ衣
ս񼶱ħǾԲڿԿģѹֿһɱɱ̵ĵӡ
Ҫ֪Щ̵ĵӣս񼶱ƾǵ츳һսܻܡ
һܹɱǵħǾս񼶱
ȻӦòǰս񼶱ħǰսĻôҪأֱӹؾɱڳв̵ӡ
һʦ֣û취˳ȥѪѻ̫ˡ
в̵Ӵ
ͬʱһҽֻħڰУɱŲ̵ĵӡ
̶ʱ䣬Ѿ̵ĵˡ
ɶ񣡡
һӵɫǳѿ̵ĵ̫࣬ܵɵѣϾЩǰġ
޷Ըֻħǻ˵ùȥǣʵȫԶԸֻħȴɱֻħɱ˲̵ӣѴ̡
ϧֻħǳ֪Ľ͵ʵܵһӵĿ£ԸĽͣ͹ЩСĵӡ
ôಹ̵һҲʩչУȻ˼Ĳ̵ӡ
һӣ˴˽һħһҪϸҡһӴ˵
Ľڻ֮дУѰħӰ
ȻҶǳܵвһĺХؿϮ
ãħҶǳɫһ䣬ս񼶱ħɲԿġ
Ӻƣͷų̫ʩչȭȥ
̫һʱӳȥΧѪѻࡣ
һһųȵĻ棬Ҷǳ
ֻħں̫ɱҶǳ
䣡
Ҷǳȭײ
һ̣Ҷǳ˶ɳȥֱֻۣǰ߼򶼷ˣ۵ֱ¡
վǻˡ
ңֻħ̫𣬶ʱûн𣬶ʱͱһǸˡ
ħ
һӴһе񽣼һֲĽâ˲ͽֻħﶴ
໡ħ﷢ĲҽУײײȥҪȺУʱ̫˶׷ɢ
ݣһĽâɱһγֵҲս񼶱Ȼʵһӣվ޵вεţԽɱս
һӺ˳̶֣Ƭ֮䣬㽫ֻħɱ
ЩѪѻҲȥ˷
ʱָƽ
ſֻħΣһĶˣ˷ӡЩӡѾڻˡ
زطӡ
һɫһ䣬֪ˣȷϹŴµĵ磬ǵزŵϹŴ𡣡
ʦ֣زǺǿ𣿡еʵ
ʱҶǳҲָ壬ϾӵѪʣһѪܸգοʣ°塣
˿ҶǳĿ⣬Щ⻹ǵһħлĵӣŵӣʵǿ
һҲɨҶǳһۣ漴˵زϹʱһɣͬһһ˺ӵܲһķ֮ˣħͷͻὫնɱΨزŵĵӣǲɱħͷҲֻὫѹԼ֮УὫɱΪҪȻЩħͷزŵĺĽ壬ǣգĲɷ𡣡
գĲɷ
ԣһ𺳣زŻкôȻҪȻаħ
ѵȺУҶǳɫһ䣬һӵĻУ뵽һֿܡ
ȻֻһӼ˵ҽҪСˣȻλϹŴǳԵزţô֮УаħˡλϹŴ𻹻ţôЩаħȻѹˣλϹŴѾˣôͬǰֻħѹϵĵزطӡѾЧˡ
ԣ֮УбѹаħѾˡǣһǣ϶ᱻ׷ɱ
Щаħһ㱻ѹ֮УԴԺǧҪСĽ

һ˵꣬ͳȥ
ֻħѾǸɱˣǾǿûʲôö
һӵĻĽһڡ
ˣһָĽһȥһֱ˴ӣ뿪
ҶǳҲȺУ뿪
Ҳ֪п϶кöĽڣܵõЩ
ĽѰʱ򣬳ûǷ룬ҲһЩ
ԣ뿪֮ҶǳϼٷС
ϧ֮޷˲ƣȻҲĽ͡Ҷǳ뵽
ڵ֮У˻Ҫǿ󣬲Ȼ޷˲Ƶġ
һλϹŴʮս񼶱Ҷǳôܻǿ


918 
֮ڡ
Ľеһӵʦ֣ҶǳСˣҪҪȥ׷
ôڳô׷ңĵһѵ㻹Ҫһɱ𣿡һҡҡͷҲ
ˮʦ֣żǻʮʱءò׷һ磬ȻұһҶǳǳȻǰûǸʱ򡣡
ףɱϴαҶǳܣѾħˣɱҶǳоԼܵ޷ϴˢ»˵ħ
һʵǿҲƬ̣ɣʦܣʦһȥ׷ɱҶǳҺˮʦһ𡣡
ҲãôĽʹһҵıޣֿѰҡ۾һ˵ͷ
ʵ뿪ˣϾһȻȫҵʲôöǿ϶һӵġ
෴Ҳս񼶱ܹԽɱս񼶱ħ뿪һҵʲôôͷ϶ģɲҸᡣ
£͸뿪Ҷǳȥķˡ
һӺˮ̽
˶İȫϾʵֻҪһָ֣Ǿû⡣


һɽϡ
ʦ֣һٶȺܿ죬ѾûӰˣǾһֱ׷ȥ𣿡üͷѾ׷˺ܾãȴûзҶǳϢ
Ȼ뿪ôǾѰȥѰһϾ˭֪ʲôطȻӵ˱ĵطǾͺܻܿĲ̵ӣѾЩ̵ӴкˣǷҶǳ͸֪ҡ
ôЩ˵һԺΪأһ㶡
ЦΪµɱҶǳΣû֤ݣƾ˵ǴҶǳ䣬ͻ𣿡
Ҳԣû֤ݣʦڣ˭Ҳܰô˵ͷٵġ
˳𣬼ǰѰȥ

ǲ²һҶǳûиı䷽򣬾ȥ
ϾҶǳ˵һжİ˭Ҳ֪бȻˣôҸһġ
ҪΪĵرĵطҲûʲôĵرֻڴеˡ
ҵΪȻ˶Ͼ̫Կˡ
ĸɵӣкܶ޵вΣвٰ벽ΣΪͣ츳ûƣһǣǾˡ
ýΪս񼶱𣬲ʸԱ

ҶǳٷУĿ⵽ˣѰκβбĵط
ĽͶв󣬻ɵĳţҪʵȻ¶޷߳硣
ţһ
һݺҶǳȻڰͣסĿصԶһưܵĴ䣬ûһǺõģˣȴΨĵһã·ÿ춼˴ƵģһȾƲŽ첻á
˴䣬ʵ̫ˡ
ǰѾĿֲҶǳǳ棬϶ҲѹһֻаħڣϹŴ䣬ѹаħĵزطӡҲʧȥãаħѾɡ
涼ûκ飬ûһʬǣ¶Ѿаħˡ
ҶǳɫأΪֻаħų˲¹ͷ
֮ǰֻаħֻǳֻ࣬˴ͷһˣ϶ײС
ҿ϶Ƕ֣
ҶǳҡҡͷȻܹ϶еҿܵȼͣս񼶱ģȴҽȥ
֮ǰôಹ̵ڣ˲أһӺֲŽ
Ҷǳ֪Լʵս񼶱аħֵУҪɱ
ս񼶱аħаնԸս񼶱аħжԶ߶Զɡ
Ҷǳ׼·뿪
ڴʱԶȴԶˣ߳һɨϺУҶǳķ򣬴üĿЦˣȻˣֺαؼ뿪أ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ɲô׳յΪǺˣϾаħҲһͳֲаħһ仯ģϾս񼶱òѾı䡣
˵ܶԷǲǺˣҶǳ׼뿪ˡ
ţ
Ҷǳ׼뿪ʱ򣬱ͻȻϤϢһɺǿңеΣ
ǾȻ׷ɱҡҶǳɫһ䣬ʱֱϢˡ
ˣе׷ˣҵжһ㡣ϺпҶǳɴüĿЦģҲаħֻаħɱѹڡ


919 аħ
аħ
ҶǳƲƲ죬ϺвŹ֣ȻϺаħȴĳ
ϾϹŴѾˣزطӡʧЧаħѾˡ
ȻˣôͲܻклš
⣬ûˣҲûʬǣ㹻֤Ϻоаħ
һʱ䣬Ҷǳ˼ת
ǰаħϺ·׷Ҷǳʱѡ
Ȼ·ԽϺУҿ϶аħ᲻׷ɱοٶȺܿ죬Ӳġ
ֻʤˣǹͰǺϺܾˣҲлӳȥ
Ҷǳ۾˼ŶԲߣһƻ
漴ҶǳԲԶϺЦʦλʲô׷ʵҵѣǶһɵߡãǸ·ôãҲҪһطϢڹ´ˡ
ǺǣǺãɣѾܾûп˵ˣѵǣԵ֡ҷ˵ĺãԵǧᣬҲϱԵ֡ϺдüĿЦ
ҶǳƲƲ죬Եǧ仰Ƿ˵ֻаħȤȻٰϺУҲ֪ʲôȺãаħǺôֻаħǺϲУ
ҶǳƵʱ򣬺󷽵ѾϹˡ
ҶʦܣԭҲѰұﰡһ۾ͿҶǳӰʱһЦݣֻЦЩɭ䡣
ʦ֣㿴ǣԱߵȴע⵽˲ԶվſڵǸϺС
ţȻһϺУ֮ǰȻûз֣ԣϺôһϢûУô£ɫһ䣬ŲԶǸϺУʱɫ
˵ĽŲҲͣ˲Զٽӽ˵ء
ҶǳɵЦ˵λʦ֣ãλʦȥͣϽ
ү
԰ѣطôܻкдڣ֮С
뵽֮ǰֻаħɫϺпаħõġ
˲û뿪ΪҶǳǰ治Զңֻаħʵǿǻ봳ȥᱦء
ʦ֣ô죿ʵЩԸҶǳ޾壬ǶԸаħͽˡ
Ͼ˭ֻ֪аħʲôʵ
ߣȥν뻢ѨɵûӣοֻаħʵӦòôĻֺαذƭֱӳɱǸ㣡
Ƭ̣漴ԶҶǳɫɭοҶǳǲɱҶǳѵҪһҶǳܾܿͻᱻֻаħɱˣҲûлϴˢˡ
ǡǺðɣ˵ͷҪɱҶǳѾħ
ȻߣҲ
ϾΪս񼶱ټ޵вε츳ս񼶱аħҲܻĶ֡
£ʦֵ˳ȥ
Ҷǳ״Ҳȥ
Ϻɣƴų¶Цݣӭλͣ
Цĺܼ٣
Ҷǳ뵽
ȻǲУǲúɵִ
Ϻǰ·һߣһЦ˵λ٣ԡ
ʦˡҶǳЦЦ漴ʵʦˣ֪ʲôطأ
һԵҶǳܰ׳գȻаħ⣬аħشˣ
ϺЦ˵Ǻɽ£ĵﵽûе򻮷֣ڴаħѹ棬뿴Ҵȥ
аħҶǳüͷһ壬ɵѵ˶аħ
ǰǶаħϺеͷ
˵ʦȥЩаħ
ãλ͸Ϻеǰ·
Ҷǳ˸ں档
Сӣ㵨ҶǳЦ
ҶǳЦ˵ʦڣʲô
ߣһ˵
ܴһаϺдȥеһƫ
ЩаħѺ档Ϻǰ˵
ҶǳǶϺпеаħе棬ϾǿϺбаħ
ǣһƫ
һҶǳ˶ʱˡ
ΪƫһͭϣһĴͷɢɫ԰ףϢ΢һ˫ۿն
ʱϺжһ
Щаħ۾˵ЩһЩûΪͨϰնѡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲôΪģϾлкܶ棬мӤҲͭϣЩͨĴôаħ


920 ǿʳ
ǰЩͭϵĴǣҶǳеǳľ棬ϾǰѾЩ񶼱аħ̳ˣû뵽Ȼš
һаħϲУѴǹѺ˵аħ
ңҶǳڻаħǾľȻǶȻаħľġ
һаħȻҲ̫ˡ
ϺУʲôһЩͨҿаħŪ飬㵽ʲôȵ
ھ˺ˡ
ϺֹͣɻؿΪʲôͲаħѵаħʲô𣿡
ɫ˵˵Щʲô캦ĵ飿ôаħ
ã
Ϻվ漴ߵһԴǰָ˵һɱǧ飬̳˼ٸ飬˵ǲаħ
ҶǳһһͨͨĴѣôɱǧ飬ʲôЦ
ӦĵЩûͨˡ
һɱǧ飬̳˼ٸ顣ϺߵһŮԴǰ
ϺƲһ߰ĺͯǰָ˵һɱǧ飬̳˼ʮ顣
ϺмţЩһ˵˵һ
ϺУûꣿǼҲˣһСôɱˣ𣿡Ц
˭˵ɱˣϺоؿ
һ㶣Աߵ˵Уղ˵Ǻɱǧ𣿡
δǶ˰Ϻҡͷǧ磬飬嶼С˵⺢ӣǲǧϣ˼Ѽ㣬ѵЩ𣿡
Ҷǳһ㶣ʱȻԭϺ˵鰡ԭǸˡ
ƱŭˣضϺУϺУˣң
˵ЦˣҲûˣǡϺҡҡͷ˵ԣƽȣ飬ϡѼҲ顣ɱħͷЩɱ̳Ѽ㣬ΪξͲаħˣˣΪΪ࣬ƫɱ飬ģɱľаħ
Ҷǳüͷ֪Ϻ͵еôܺͼѼأǻۣ֪ٳѼ֪ʲô
ֻϺм˵ҿаħӿ£аħɱ˳ˣЩأǲɱѼ㣬ӣȻɱǳǣһΪʳ
Ϻ˵տҶǳˣ˵аħҲȦЩѼһһɱ̳ԣôǿ϶ΪаħǷǳײеģ԰ɣ
ߵѼ㶼һЩޣܸᲢۣǻ飬֪ٳ֪ط򡣡
ͨǿ񣬶Ѽ㣬ڸţһῪǣΪǻ
Ϻҡͷң˭˵ǾͲ֪ٳˣҲʳӣв£ӶʳԹ⣬ЩȴࡣǻһȵЩҿδذɣ
⡭
˵ˣϺ̫˵ؼе޷
ȷ˵ƽȣ½ֻһǻ飬Щޣǿޣǻۡ
ϺУ㲻Ҫˣ˵ĵȷЩҸ㣬ķʤ̭ǿʳǿƶҪ־͹ЩѼСֻΪǵʳ˵
ϺгĬˡ
һɫϢ𽥴¶ǳаϢǳĿֲգۼ
ˣ
ɫһ䣬æ˳
Ҷǳһ뿪˴
أ
漴飬һŭд
һ̣ʯա
һͷ;޴ĺɫڴ󹫼Ӵķ֮г˳һֻצӻץһЩ־ͽЩӽ档
ս񼶱аħ
ɫڴ󹫼˵ͷ˵˵ˣ˵öԣʲôƨƽȣǶƭ˵İϷķʤ̭ǿʳԣǣΪҵʳɡ
Ȼ֮ǰǸϺһģһ
ȻǰǸϺУаħá
ৣ
źɫڴ󹫼Ļ£һëһһգ˺ѿҶǳˡ
ȣ
һó񽣱ǺɨǧƥĽâնȫ顣
Ҷǳһߵֵһ˺׼ˡ
ҶǳߣڡҶǳľٶʱһ׷
ʦֻ֣аħͽˣҶǳСӡ˵
û⣡˵ͷ漴ǰаħ


921 ɱ
ҶǳӲġҶǳ漫ٷУ׷ᡣ
䣡
򣬺ɫڴ󹫼аħѾʵǿսأըˡ
ɱ
ҶǳȻͣסΣҵתΣһ
ǲ
ɫؽ˺գҵĽâأһƺƵĽӣգû
ûõģһһ˺ѲճͷҷƮɢһħ񣬰ޱȡ
ҶǳˣЦֳɱµĽâＸɣն˺һӣ϶һ޴ѷ졣
Ϊ޵вεţĺǿԽ˳뻯ľ磬һһǰƣֱ޿赲
أ
Ҷǳٽ⣬̫ǿˣһδνɳȥڷ飬ͷ֨졣
Ҷǳɫޱء
ȻܹΪ޵вεţûһߡڲ̵ĵڣս̨ͬһսҲڹؼʱ̿Žս״̬Žһ
ڣûս̨ΪǿһЩȻս񾳽磬һǳڣһǺڣ໹Ǻܴġ
Ǳ˵ĻҶǳ޾壬һ޵вεţôΪһ㣬ʹˡ
ռȭ
ҶǳһֳֽʩչռһʩչռȭȭһҪضȭͷ֮УųĩհĻ
ָɫᣬһָɫָâ˺գǻƺҹۡ
أ
ҶǳˣȭͷѪȾա
ߣƺһҲ˲СĿһָͷѣѪ֡
һײҶǳռƣռΪƣܾˡ
ǵ񽣼ײһ𣬱âγɿµķ粨Ƭشݻˡ

ŭ޷ԼҶǳˣһγҶǳ˼Ҵս
䡭
˵սǳң˫ܿ춼أȫƴɱ
ҶǳϱָѪ఼ȥȭӡ
ռΪƣҶǳǿ󣬻ָǿʵǺܴ
ԽԾ£
ͻȻһչֳе̬
һ޵еİʱϱƾµİ
ǰԽеǿУһʩչʧɫǳ׹䣬ء
ȻЩͷˣһδˣҶǳŭˣԷУһʤ
úãʽʽ
Ҷǳ۾һУչ֣ҲʩչԼɱﵡʽ
ڴԲΣʩչʽܷӳ벽޵еĿֲ
λ޵вΣʩչʽǱȻҲܹӳ벽εȰ벽ǿһЩ
ΪҶǳⶫÿһ֣Ͳͬնǳֲ
䣡
ʽĵʽʢĩջ䣬һ仨꣬Яſֲϯȥ
¡¡
սز
ޱȰԵһһ仨ը١
ʲôɫ䡣
ҶǳĹȻôǿ
ң𾪵ǣҶǳȻӵ̫ˣ½ҲҲˡ
ۣ
ıֲͬһƬ캧ϯʱѪɣ˶ΧˣӶȼ
μӣԼԽѸ
ָҶǳʩչָɫָâ̫һͷųҵĹâһɫĹգ塣
㾹ȻָңŭԼóָڵ˾Ȼָʵǳ衣
ͬǲ̵ӣһָҶǳЦӶɫؽռһ˺Ѳ񷣬նء
µռ⾳ŰֻصҪɽȥ
ҹ
Ѫͷɢһħأŭս񷡣
Ҷǳüͷһ壬ĺǿķʽشֱȻӵսʵǿ¡
ǾһΣ
Ҷǳһٴʩչʽһκɳȥ
ۣһΣ˵øأѪһɸߣѷ죬ͷˣƤյýһƬ
ݣҶǳɫؽգһͽԴˣѪ񷡣
ҶǳĻᣬʩչռȭ塣
ҲѪǿߣѪ飬ΪΡ
ʽҶǳǳᣬһʩչʽӲѪյøɸɾ
һΣҶǳӦϢʧˡ


922 Ѱ
ˣ
Ҷǳһǳȫ̽֪ΧһУϢʧˣŰ
һսǼѰ
Ҷǳޱȸ̾
ս½ߵڣͬһս⻹һδôѡ
ǰǺƶ֣ôܻôѣˡ
ңʹ÷ʽĺܴҲûʣ¶ˣֻƾš
øϽߣаħǣסҵ뿪Ҷǳһķսڼǳҡ
ʵվһӲ࣬Խս񼶱аħҲҪһʱ䡣һӣغϣһնɱսܵаħ
ҪΪһӵսԲεΪս벽ǰ벽εš
ֻսڣҲ޵вΣȲһӵİ벽Ρ
ȻˣҲҶǳڿԿġ
츳һһ磬Ǹ޷⡣
ҶǳеıȻϼԶ

һĴȻķ
ܵɫڴ󹫼ȫһ㱻ݻˡ
ҪΪղʧˣʧԭ򣬱ǸӦдŵˡ
ˡ
Щţȥ׷ɱҶǳˣôѵҶǳɱˣôܣ
ȻϴܸҶǳΪս̨˫ͬһΣӵΪƣôܻᱻҶǳɱ
ৣ
һԽȫӶ񽣣ƥĽâ˺գնĺɫڴ󹫼
׷ˣҪɱֻаħȻȥ׷ɱҶǳ
Ѵ̣Ͼ͸һ
λȥ֮󣬰ԽһҪҶǳԼһЩΡ

ͬʱڵһطһӺˮǻһ𣬽ţӿֳһĨš
ʦ֡ˣˮ㶵˵
һ䣬ɫǸôʦˣ
һӶʱó˿ռ䷨ּϵѯԭ
ȫɫڴ󹫼ս˺һŻѶ˵
ȻҶǳɱڹƽս֮ɱģôܣˮҲѶϢʱš
һ۾۷֮кէ䣬ΪһͽܣվҪ
ʦ֣Ҫʦ𣿡ˮѯʵ
һҡҡͷҶǳ£ȥҶǳһ磬ɱҶǳ׾١ǻüѰұҵ뿪磬Ҿܺܿͻս񾳽硣Ľ庮һѾҺܶ꣬ұÿ׷ǡ
ˮҷԣ֪һӵִĽ庮ҲˣϾεţ½Ҳָ飬һһǲ̽е벽֮һԷȴѾﵽս񾳽꣬һֱѹһһͷһӵȻܲġ
ߣǰһȥ
һӴˮж
ʵǿͽȥֱӺƣ޹˼ɡ
ʵϣ磬ս񼶱аħ٣һӵĶ֡
Ȼս񼶱аħһҲаմˮߣ޾塣
ھս񼶱аħһӾòڣϾˣҲֻʮս񼶱ѡ
Ȼоս񼶱аħҲֻһô׾ġ

أ
һСɽͷ飬ʯգһӰг˳Ҷǳ
ڴ˵أ˻ָΪʱ죬ڻָá
Ѫǿȣһɡ
ȥѰұˣˣһջûС
Ҷǳа룬漴ı䷽ȥѰ
Ϊ֪׷ɱԼҶǳûмԭķǰʱı䷽ҪҵҲס
µʱת۹ȥһ죬Ҷǳֿһ
ǳأ±ϣΪ׳ۡ
ǰҪСʮֻһ
СӦòս񼶱аħ
Ҷǳ
漴ûԥǰȥ
ûа취ҪѰұͱҪЩȻܻջġ
֨
ԺǰҶǳƿţһֻɫצ˸űĹ󣬶ʱɱ
䣡
Ҷǳ׼ֱȭӭȥȭҫޱȳңֲ׵磬Ӿ֮Ͻ٣ըǰаħ
֮ʩչȭΪҶǳ֪׵Щаħܿơ
Ȼаħ׵УʱҽһϾͳڵĹȥ


923 
ߣ
Ҷǳһ˻ԭأеѾӳȥ
аħҽУ׵һаħĿǡ
ɱͬʱҶǳӶȭٴɱ
Ѿֻаħս񼶱𣬸Ķ֣ȭʱͽɱ
һֻɫ񣬻ëͬɫһ˸ź⣬Ҳͬ񽣣ƥ
ֻս񼶱аħӦûʲô
ҶǳʱЩź
аħʬ壬ȻĴȥ
һȥͿһЩķ񣬻صʬǡ
ԿóЩĺУֻаħɱˡ
ҶǳڴϸѰһ֪̽Źκһ䡣
úҵһ飬̺֮ӦǷ֮һе̺ɱ¾֮ս񼶱ĵ
ϧˣҵĴԪ֮
Ҷǳʱʧҡҡͷ
ˣʵҲ˵ģϾò֪뿪Ҳܺ˽̺Ԫ֮ĵ
ʯԹ򣬵õǾ׶ˡ
Ҷǳ׼뿪̽ȥ
ţ
ȻҶǳüͷһ壬ӦɲϢ١
һ˵ϢȻһһ㣬Ҳ١
˶ԼûвҶǳû뿪ǷɵϿգԶʡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һһŮˣҶǳǰ
еޱӢƲŮޱȣˮɢ˵
˵ΪҶǳҲˣһһսڣһսڡ
˭ĸɵģǰ߰ͷҶǳζ
Ҷǳüߵүүǲ̵ģкιɣ
õǰҶǳԳүүռˣʱɫһɭԭǲ̵ʶĸϽϵĵｻٸҿͷҾͷһ
үүҾͰѵ͸㣬Ҷǳ̵
Ӵһó񹭱һҵļǻƳգҫ۶Ŀ
ʵǿ󣬾ȻҲ޵вεţһͬգѪ
䣡
ҶǳԷ֣Ҳ֣ʩչռȭһȭշѹգƥȭ顣
أ
޴ıըϯ硣
Ѹ˺Ҷǳ룬ޱأ㾹ȻҲ޵вεš
ߣҶǳЦɱӡ
ȻˣԷȡԷĵ
˾ͽ壬һɱӳŲԶŮӺ
ŮȴЦҡͷ׷ԼǵĵˣԼȥħɲõıķ
ɶΪûİҾɱСֻǲ鷳ѡ׷߳ŭ񹭣һżƥ˺ա
Ǿ飬һǿսŸɼһ¥
ռ
Ҷǳһչռ˶Էľ飬ͬʱһȭ׷
˼һ
׷ǳ㱻ҶǳˣһңһԼ˼ƥܣҶǳ
Ҷǳأ޵вεţȻɺܿ¡
ռȭ
԰׷˼һҶǳȭһԼȭͷױѪڵĿֲӾ̣һкֲס
أ
̶ıը
ҵĹâƬһ磬
׵
Զս˾ͽ۾һһƻ
ڴʱһҽд
ֻ׷ѪɳȥǰҶǳӶռȭ׷ɱ
Ȼ׷񲻵Ҷǳ
˾ͽң׷Զ˾ͽ
ҶǳʱɫЩؿԶ˾ͽ壬˾ͽ徹Ȼ޶ԣ˺һξ롣
Ҷǳʱף˾ͽ˰׷
˾ͽ壬쵰ҲŲ㡣׷ʱɫȻгԹ֮ɫ
ɣҶǳһȭ׷İ嶼ˣų̫𣬽׷ճɻҽ
ȻҶǳҲѰ׷еı˵ǣ׷֮УȻǼĵȻǴԪ֮ҲҶǳ˲ѡ
ݣ
ԶҶǳ˰׷˾ͽŷ˹
Ҷǳʱ裬ؿ㾹ȻûаЩ֮⡣
õģħģΪʲôҪ˾ͽҡͷЦԼҵˣҲá


924 
Ȼ˾ͽ㻰Ҷǳɱ־裬ԷǰȻͰ׷ͬ飬˵ɼ
ң̺ħǵж˫棬㲻֣ҲΪͬ顣
ҽ˾ͽ壬ħŵӣǲ̵ŵӣ֪ʲôЩİӦ½ŵӰɡ˾ͽЦ˵
Ҷǳ˵ҽҶǳûʲô£ˡ
ȵȣ˾ͽæ˵ɱ˰׷񣬸ղҲõ˵Ǳ˴˽Σ
Ҷǳ۾һ˾ͽ塣
˾ͽЦ˵Ӱ֮ڰ׷Уһ̺Ӱ֮ĵӦߴԪһģһ̺ŴԪ֮ĵҲս񼶱ӦöãǱ˴˽Σ
˵գ˾ͽóһԲ̣Ҷǳͫһ̽ӳȥ鿴Ȼ̺ŴԪ֮Ҫĵ
ã
£Ҷǳû˿ԥ֮ɫó˴Ӱ׷õ̺Ӱ֮ĵ
漴˴ˣɹ
ҶǳԲ̵ؿ˾ͽ壬ʵ֮ǰͰ׷ͬ飬Ϊβ
Ǻǣ˵ˣõģħģǲһ·ˡңҲûҪĵԸҽ˾ͽЦ
ҶǳףΪδŮɱ׷ΪֻŮܵõԼҪĵ
Ҳкô
ŬôãڵõһԼҪĵҶǳԵúܸˡ
ʱ˾ͽóһȻɢս񼶱ĲҵҶǳ̽󣬶ʱˡ
ΪҲ̺ŴԪ֮
֮ǰɱһֻս񼶱аħõս񼶱ĵ̺ŴԪ֮
˾ͽת˲֮˵ЦؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ۾һУһ̣ɱ
ûг֣ΪаջܶԷȴûаջɱԷ
ȻŮʵ࣬ǰԸܣŸҶǳɱĻᡣ
ŮҪһܣҶǳҲûаսɱ
ò׿һս񼶱ĵԼҪģҶǳҴ⣬ϣõ
õʲôҿûս񼶱Ӱ֮ĵ㽻ȴóҪĵӦǶ󡣡
һҶǳŶ˾ͽ壬侲˵
öԷĪóҪĵϾֻ鷳϶ǱĿġ
Ȼֻ˾ͽЦ˵ҵĿĺܼ򵥣ӣֹһʱеıƽ֣Ҳ͸㡣
Ҷǳüͷһ壬Щŵؿ˾ͽ壬ߵһǺܳԿȲ˵֮ǷҪĵһҪƽ֣һս񼶱ĵԿ̫˰ɡ
ҶǳԲ˾ͽôġ
ǺǣԿҲԵģ˾ͽЦҡͷûҲ޷֣ҾаյõеıȻҳԿֻҪõҪĶǶ˵ͲԿ
Ҷǳ۾˵еаħʲôΪҪ֣ħû𣿡
ħңҿɲԼ쾺֡˾ͽЦеаħ֮ǰͰ׷Ѿ̽ˣսڣҺͰ׷Ķ֡
սڣ
ҶǳʱҡͷѹԸ⸶ôҳ֣ҿ˰ɣս񼶱аħɲǿԿģҲ
ǿδأ˾ͽţЦ˵Ѿõһ֮ӦÿԽսڣʵǿࡣңҲõһ֮Ȼδܹﵽս۷徳磬ʵ϶г
˾ͽ˵գĿҶǳЩ˵ȻҾֵԭ򣬻ǿղ׷һսҷӵ׵Ҫ֪аħĿǣаħʵһ֣߰˳ɵļնɱֻаħȻٲãҲߣʲô
ҶǳĬˣ˾ͽ˵еֻսڵаħаߵġ
ңս񼶱аħһնɱô֮ڣ϶̺ս񼶱ĵ
û̺Ԫ֮ĵǵõս񼶱ĵԺҲ˽
һɹôһս񼶱ĵһս񼶱
һʵʱǣҲܽˡ
ò˵ҶǳĶˡ
̫ջˡ


925 
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׷ɱңֻʵҲܶԿڶԿһӡ
ң棬Ҫõұʵ
ֻҪҴﵽս񼶱ҾܹɱЩս񼶱аħʱܵõս񼶱ĵΪĸˡ
Ҳȥ֮Ҿһٳ嵽ս񼶱½Ҳһǿˡ

˼ת䣬ҶǳѾҪ˾ͽˣϾһκܴĻ
գҶǳ˾ͽ壬˵ͷãǺȽǼս񼶱ĵｻңʵǿˣҲ͸аջɱֻаħ
ڿЦ𣿻ǵǰ׳գ˾ͽҡҡͷϵЦݶʱߵҪǸǼս񼶱ĵΪ¶ᳬԽˣʱҶĶ֣նɱ˭ȥ
ðɣҶǳЦЦҡҡͷҲûΪ˾ͽǼ͸Ҳô
ߣҸطʱȥ˾ͽ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ڸһɽ壬Կһɽ˴˶ʼ
ɽ֮УҶǳһһ˼˾ͽ顣
ŮݶԲԿҺӦҪȵֻаħܾ˵ʱ򣬳û֣Ӷһá
ҶǳЦԣҵʱ̱־裬ʱܱ¶ʽʱֻҪҶҳ֣Ҿһɱ
ҶǳԼţ˾ͽҲͺ࣬õΪҲֻǱǿһѡ
Ҳ˵½սڣʵ͸ǿˣаնԸ˾ͽ塣
ʽĿĵơ
ңҶǳ˾ͽһ㲻Ϊ˾ͽħӣħǿߣͻܵ׵Ŀơ
ҶǳѾ˷ʽеĵʽһ𱬷Կش˾ͽ塣
뵽˴Ҷǳʱд󶨡

ͬʱһɽ֮У˾ͽһЦ
Сӻ棬Ϊһһţȵֻаħܾ˵ʱŻ֣аħһɱνһá
˾ͽ⣬Լļƻеǳš
׷񣬾ôģϧ׷̫ˣʵ̫ֻ֣аħĶ֡
ֱҶǳʵ˾ͽƻ
ңѾʶҶǳʵΪҶǳԼаƿһС

Ϊս񼶱ĵҶǳѾﵽս񼶱ûкķѶʱ䡣
֮Ҷǳͳʵﵽսڡ
ǺðԿΪ
ҶǳΪʱҪõˡ
ҪʵΪڻء
䣡
һȭʯţҶǳ뿪ɽ
ͬʱһɽڣ˾ͽ建˳ҶǳЦˣսڣܺãھͳɡ
ţҶǳ˵ͷ
˾ͽ漴ǰ·Ҷǳں档
һ·ϣûзϻԼٷڿһ޴һɽ֮ϡ
Ҷǳʱƣǽһɽϡ
ĹģҪСһ㣬˾ͽ˵ûаħս񼶱Ҳֻսڡ
ֱɱȥҪϷų̫Ȼʹ׵һĽ˾ͽ˵
ҶǳòҪ֣ҷ㲻һ˴ͷϵͷߡ
ߣİɣսڵаħ벻ȫֶС˾ͽҶǳʱ˵ߵ
ҶǳһЦصͷ漴һ
̫𡪡
ִϿգҶǳʱͷų̫𣬿µʱӳȥȵĻ棬
ţ˾ͽüע㣬Ҳпãʵġ
ãҶǳ˵ͷ漴̫𣬱˾ͽ塣
ղҲֻ̽һ˾ͽ壬һ߲̫˾ͽĿӶҶǳ֡
ħݣ˶˼졣
аħʱֵġ
𣡡
ڵĴѣһֺս񼶱аħ˳ɱҶǳ˾ͽ塣
Ҷǳǳɨӣʱֻаħսڣвɵ˿
ȭ
Ҷǳһ߼ͷһʩչȭֻаħ
ǲһ绮գҵ׵ǰаħϵغš
ħԪָ
˾ͽҲҶǳһɱֻаħ


926 ͬʱ
ȵ̫ȼаħȫԡɫŤŭڷɱҶǳ˾ͽ塣
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һߣ˾ͽҲʩչħԪָһ㶼Ȳ̵ָɫָâ˺ѳգаħһµѪ
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аħˣɷ죬ս񼶱ױһɷ籩ŰأҶǳ˾ͽ嶼档
ã
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Ҷǳ˾ͽ嶼Ѫˣ˲ᡣ
аħǷɱϵغˡ
ս񼶱аħȻҶǳɫޱأԸս񼶱аħʮǵİգǰֻаħѾﵽս񼶱
аħܵ׵ĿƣȻĻҶǳ˾ͽնɱֻаħ
ȭ
ҶǳٶӭȥֻаħսռָûжãΪԸаħָռȭá
Ϊ׵ȫаħаħɵ˺ܴ
ⲻ˾ͽħԪָаħϴѪаħƿ͡ҶǳȭаħɵѣӲӡ
һҶǳȭУаħͻϢ˺ܴһ֡
㻹ȫ֣ҪˣҶǳһ߹аħһ߶˾ͽ庰
ʼնȭһУΪȭаħпã˾ͽҲʼնħԪָǾڲ׾ȫ
ҶǳɵӣȻ˾ͽô
ߣ֪ˣ
˾ͽһ漴һ䣬ϵķ¶ʱ˳ȥúܴգаħڡ
춯֣סã˾ͽɫ죬ƺ߶ܺķ
ҶǳȻ˷ĺûᣬӶȭƥ׵磬ͳҵ׹⣬аħȥ
䣡䣡䣡
һǧȭҶǳݺݵػаħǳҫ۵׵磬׽аħ
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ʱƣаħϢԽԽ
аħϢ͵ıȰ׷Ҫʱ˶¶ϲɫ
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аħûأҷаħû𣿡Ҷǳߵ
˾ͽҡͷôãȻ֪аħ뿪ǺǣǿɶǱλϹŴֽţ뿪ķΧڣȻĻаħΧɱˡ
ԭˣҶǳʱȻ֣ЩаħɣȻڣԭư
ʵҶǳڻˣϾаħаħ֮Уûмһаħ뿪ֻûȷѡ
ħԪָ
˾ͽͻȻɱһָƲ񷣬ڵָâǿеĺڶһ
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أ
ָһն谵ϵ̫ǳȫʧˣֻʣһƬڵ硣
䣡
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ҵɱǿˣѪ綼ûдﵽҽսֱҶǳһЦӶռȭ˾ͽɱ
ͬʱƺƵռҲչֳһƬ磬ѹ˾ͽ塣


927 䱬ħ
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ৣ
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ҶǳУ׷ɱ˾ͽ壬ɫؽӶһƬõĽ⣬ҫ۵Ľâ˾ͽС
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䣡
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䣡
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ռҶǳâһɽ籩ӭŶ˾ͽݺݵغȥ
أ
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ħԪָ
˾ͽһǸ޴ʳָʱƲռ䣬ЯſֲܣҶǳɱ
ħԪָʵֲ̫ˣ·һ綼ܽ䶴
Ҷǳܵ˾޴вһξۼʩչʽһĩ֮˳ȥӭ˾ͽȥ
ۣ
һʩչʽҶǳڴѪΪʣˣ֮ǰֻаħ̫ˣǿʩչʽܵһЩɡ
ãվǰѷʽȥˣܳױһ仨һһƬϵ˳ȥݺݵײ˾ͽǾ޴档
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һ£˾ͽ屻Ҷǳķʽʵʵڣ꣬ȫ˾ͽϡ
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ҶǳɲϻֱӶɫؽһͽ˾ͽԴ
ʩչռȭ˾ͽ÷飬ɱ
ۣ
ɱ˾ͽ֮ҶǳҲһѪ˷ܣΪѹ˾ͽıоǼ̺Ԫ֮ս񼶱ĵ


928 ӡ
ѹ˾ͽı֮Ҷǳ͵ϥó˵ҩָһЩơ
˵ز˾
Ƭ̺Ҷǳ˫
˾ͽս֮ǰֻɱаħʵ̫ˣˣܻԷע⡣
ԣþ뿪Ҹطָƣ˳Ǽ˾ͽõս񼶱ĵ
£Ҷǳߵֻаħǰ˻֣ʬ
Щаħʬ壬ҲһĲϣȻòţԺ
ţҶǳֽڵʯȥ¶ԭ״ڲƵĴ֮Уҵһ
ս񼶱ĵ
Ҷǳ۾һ
һͷɢս񼶱Ĳս񼶱ĵ
ϧǣвû̺Ԫ̺֮Ű֮
źħˣд󲿷ƫ򰵽֮ǽҶǳ뵽
Ҳǳħɽ뻢ıƤᱻԷڳԺڡ
Ͼܹӵս񼶱Ĵڣ϶ս񼶱ǿߣڿԿġ
ԣĿǰ˵ҶǳҪ飬Ҫʵ
˾ͽǼս񼶱ĵʵҶǳ뵽漴ƿնѸ뿪˵ء
Ҷǳַһ죬һεĵطһȻóǼս񼶱ĵʼ
أ
Źȥһʱ䣬ҶǳڵĶʱһӰмҶǳˡ
ʱҶǳΪѾﵽսھ磬һСΡ
ΪˣʵҲǿ࣬˾ͽֲεǿߣһɱҲࡣ
Ҷǳţеǳ˷ܡ
ֻҪӵеʵͻĺܿ졣
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ҶǳԶ漴ӱѰĴڡ
һʱ䣬Ҷǳݻʮõ˶ʮһ
Ϊսڣʵǿֻ࣬Ҫս񼶱аħֱӺƹȥ޵С
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İ£Ҷǳһ̤ս۷徳磬ʵһ¥
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վڶǰĿԶҶǳ
ҪȥɱһЩս񼶱аħѼһЩս񼶱ĵˡ
Ϊս񼶱ĵİѾ̫ˣֻս񼶱ĵһٴﵽս񾳽硣
ս۷徳磬ս֮Һ˾ͽҪǿ࣬ӦԵһսڵаħ
Ҷǳš
ʼѰһЩģ޴Щս񼶱аħ
һºһϿ֮УҶǳҵһ
ĹģаħӦֻսڣﵽսڣҿһԡ
Ҷǳǰ
ʱ䣬ʮѾһЩ򣬿ͨĹģͿԴŵаħʵ
ͣ
ҶǳӱͻȻϿգ޾ʱϱ
һһ˶жҪʵһͷųһƬȵĻС

һֻаħӴ֮гŻ棬̫ǿˣǶǳƣʵ
ʱҶǳѾһȭȥҵȭⷽأһаħ
䣡
ͬʱҶǳһֻƷƣʱķһɫĴЯźƺƵĿֲܣаħѹ
ۣ
аħһĴ±ˣȭƣĿǡ
ƣаħĿҶǳ֮⣬޾ķ֮УҶǳаħЩʧЧĵزطӡȻʵĽ⣬аħĲҽϢټ
ˣЩزطӡ֮ʧЧΪ̺ķ޾ĹˡҵƣպΪһЩٶȸˡ
Ҷǳ۾һ³еԭ
ޱȼ˷ܡ
ΪԺƣȫЩаħɱǾ͸ˡ


929 ı
䣡䣡䣡
ҶǳϳֹаħΪе㣬һֱʩչƣӿȵķϵаħϵĵزطӡȥ
ԭаħһ޹ĵزطӡ˿ڷĹע£𽥱۵Ľɫâһպ˵ӡ̵аħҽ
âĿ죬һزطӡҫ̫һԣеƹڰ

аħĲҽ˶ȼһزطӡѤõĹԣ˶סˡ
岢ûܵʲôصƣЩزطӡֱӹаħ꣬ҪȻеа
ͺñȸɲ˻棬һӾ͵ȼˡ
ʹԶԶĴУֻаħʹޱȣֱӵڵϷֹ
ûᣡ
Ҷǳ״۾һʱʩչʽһɱֻս񼶱аħ
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ϾһпֱаħϵĵزطӡգЩزطӡϹŴѹЩаħģɼЧǳá
ԴˣҶǳҲ޾ս񼶱аħˡ
һս񼶱ĵϧõġúҶǳ߳һΪźҡҡͷ
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ԶŵŮ𺳵ؿһĻҶǳĸо̫ǿˣֱ޷սʤ


930 û
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ԶŵŮӺ𾪵ؿҶǳû뵽ԼôãһǿߣȻղˡ
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£Ҷǳɫһ䣬ǰĺ˵ǿߣһǿˡ
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㣿Ҷǳ۾һУû뵽ŵĵӣȻͷ
ǴԲţܿ޵вεţô϶ĳǿļ塣
ৣ
Ҷǳ˼֮䣬һͺòƵŮӣѾԶƿն
ԵúżΪ˼ӿٶȣƴ·һǿϢ޷أйȥ𶯡
ǿ
ҶǳһŮӵʵԲ֮£ǿһЩ
㣡
¿Ůӣʱ˷ܵӭȥ
ãû°ɣŮӿд˿漴Ц˵
㣬㻹Цóλ̵ҶʦֳȣֻܸʬˡЩ˵
ŶŮתͷҶǳоէ䣬漴Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ԭǲ̵һλŵӣѹʵлãҽкϼԺʲô飬ҡ
֮죬ϼ˷ǳмҶǳϾҶǳĻҪʧȥˣĸĸҲ˶
ʦˣֻ֮ͰˡҶǳЦŰ˰֡
ϼȴҡҡͷ˵Ǿ֮ͣ˵ȴǾ֮ɣʲôģһս񼶱ĵӦö
ȻǷ˶顣
Ҷǳҡͷ˵ʦ㲻ؿһҪʦæ
ʲôæҿ԰һᾡȫϼ΢΢һЦ
һԵĺҲ˵Ҷʦ֣Ҳ԰æ
˾֮ȻҶǳкøУټϲ̺ʹŵĹϵҲ˫ദĺǢ
ģ
Ҷǳ˵ߵǴԪ֮мս񼶱ĵϵһǴŵţܲҽ
ս񼶱ĵ
ϼһҶǳĿ⣬Щȣƺû뵽ҶǳȻӵս񼶱ĵ
ΪҶǳԻɱս񼶱аħ
Щˣѵһ벽εţ
԰ǰ벽𼶱ţԶ̵һһôĬĬ
˼Ƭ̣ϼɻؿҶǳʵ⵹Сһ׮ҺǣΪʲôǲ̵ĵӽǲ̵ĵҲв٣֪ǲ̵һӾ͵õ˼̺Ԫ֮ս񼶱ĵ
ҶǳһЦҪȥһӽϾͻᱻնɱ
ңұĲ̵ӽѱ˲һϵӶй¶٣һᵼһնɱ
ԣҶǳҸĲ̵ϵ
ʦ㣬Ҳǲż벹̲ãͲ̵ҲϤҶǳֻҸ˵
ϼԲڣҲûжʣϾҶǳûйϵ
ãæҰˣҽǴҲкôϼ漴Ц˵һ£Щʦֵӵ̺Ԫ֮ĵٿЩȻٿν
ϼȻУóռ䷨ָּ罣дһּһһϢ
ҶǳóϼڴȻϱˣʶкܶ࣬ϼһ˼ʮϢ
һУϼָҶǳ˴˽һ¿ռ䷨ּӡǣ˵ղѾϵǴʵɱս񼶱аħĵӣû̺ԪһĵǾ͵Ϣͺˡ
лʦ㣡Ҷǳϲɫǳм


931 ս
ղ˵ģ˵ֻǾ֮Ͷѡϼ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ȥڸһɽͷһʯӣ¡
ã͸˵ˣʵ̫ͣҪһ˴ƫҪţ֪ͷ˰ɡ
ϼ֮ɫʱԼú¾һ䡣
Сһ𣬵ﶼˣһԼء
ѵһ̰ĵ𣿡ϼ˺һۣ漴˻֣óݸ˵֪ˮһ͸ռˣȥɣӦÿΪս۷徳硣
л㣡½ӹʱ˷
һԵҶǳ΢΢һЦҲóһս񼶱ĵݸ˵ˮһĵҸպҲһ͸ɡ
⡭ȻҪҶǳĵȴû¡
Ͼ˼Ҿ㣬㻹˼ҵĵǾ̫Ӧˡ
һԵĺϼǿҶǳҪǣЦ˵°ɣлҶʦ֡
лҶʦ֣¶ʱµҶǳм
ʱϼĿռ䷨ּһּϵس档
ϼռ䷨ּĿһɨ漴ҶǳЦ˵Ҷʦ֣ܺãǲλʦиһ̺Ԫһս񼶱ĵ
Ȼ
̺Ԫһս񼶱ĵҪҶǳԼȥѰң֪²ҵõ
ǽͷˡ
£Ҷǳѯʵ֪λʦҪνʲôĵ
ǸҪ⼸ֵϼԽŵҪĵҶǳ
Ҷǳ֮üͷһ壬ΪԼ߼ս񼶱ĵ֮УֻһﵽҪ󣬿֮
£Ҷǳͽ˳ϼЦϧˣֻһﵽҪ鷳ʦɡ
ãڴ˵ţȥλʦ֡ϼ˵ͷȥ
ߵʱ򣬲ûдߺ£ȻҪﵱʣҶǳ
ϾϼѺ´ߵĻҶǳ治ڴ˵صȴһϼƭŴŵǿɱ˭ȥ
Ȼ̺ʹŹϵǵ磬ɱֻҪ˷֣˭֪ôġ
һһɣٿҿսԲΣ˵ܴﵽսڣһҾͲˡҶǳ뵽
ʱ䣬Ҷǳڴںϲ콣ռһߵȴϼĵ
ںСѾͷõļѾȲȥԱˣΪֱ塣
ĸº󣬺ϼ糾͵ظ˻һҶǳó̺Ԫ֮ĵս񼶱ĵʱҶǳĿɿڴ
ôһ𣿡Ҷǳɻϼģֻһս񼶱ĵӦֻܽһŶԡ
ϼ΢΢ЦʣµҰ㻻ģϾã֮죬飬Ĳ
ʦ̫ˣҶǳҡҡͷ˵֮Ͷѣֵս񼶱ĵɣ㽻ɳԿ
˵գҶǳóս񼶱ĵݸϼ
ϼҲû⣬ֱЦ˵ҲԿȻʱòţϾս񼶱ĵԻҪĵһõľ֮ͻˡ
ʦ˵ЦˡҶǳ΢΢һЦ̺ԪһĵЩȲҪȥչˡ
ϼҲҶǳ˼㿪˵ȥչɣҲڱչҾڴ˰ǻ
ǾͶлʦˣҶǳֱ뿪ģȻϼ˵ˣ뿪Ǿ̫ˡ
ң֮ͨǰദͽףҲܹóϼ˲ָĽ
ϾԺеĻҪ뺫ϼæ
£Ҷǳһɽʼոյõ
ս񼶱ĵһΣһ̤ս񼶱𡣡Ҷǳó˷ܡ
ôˣҪһɳ죬ʵˡ

ʱת
ʱ䣬һת۾͹ȥˣҶǳΪҲսԲ磬ﵽսھ硣
ϧˣһ㣬ܽսڡ
Ҷǳ˫Щźҡҡͷ
ãս񼶱ĵһ̤սˡ
ϲҶʦΪϼӦҶǳĳأʱЦ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ߳


932 ʥ
սڣţҶʦʵǿˣҶܵһ˿вϼ߳ҶǳʱɫһЦ˵
սڣҶǳȴܵв֤Ҷǳʵǿ
ʦ㣬ʱ䣬ǲ˼ҶǳǸ˵
ϼ˰֣Цҡͷֲֻһ˻ǸûҲǼǰųأ㲢ûеҶʱ䡣
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵Ҳ߰ʱˣʣµʱ䲻ˣʹ˷ֱɣһʱ䣬һЩ
Ҷʦϼæ˵Ҷʦ֣һ˴ܹɱһЩս񼶱аħʣµʱ䣬Ҳ͵õս񼶱ĵѡټǴŵļǿĵӣֻɱһЩս񼶱аħͻõս񼶱ĵҪ֪ս񼶱ĵɱս񼶱ĵˡ
Ҷǳ۾һȷս񼶱ĵһ൱ʮս񼶱ĵֱͬն
ֻǺʹŵҶǳЩɺԥϾԷڶ࣬ʵǿһ˿϶ܳԿ
õʲô϶ҲǴŵģҪĴŵ˷ˡ
ϾȻźϼãȴŴŵˡÿһɣ٣һЩ޳ܵˡ
ˡ
Ҷǳ׼ܾϼʱ򣬺ϼɫͻȻһ䣬ֻйâһֳһſռ䷨ּҾ
ԿõһϢϵڿռ䷨ּ֡
ʲô𣿡
Ҷǳʵ
ſռ䷨ּϴϢЩʵ̫ˣ̫ˣкܶҺϼǷ飬ܻ
ȷˣϼһЩϢ֮󣬾˿ռ䷨ּ̧ͷضҶǳ˵ǴŵĵӴϢ˵ǹŷڳֱ⣬ǱһǴ˵еľʥ˶ˣɵĵȫŹŷ¸ȥҲȥɡ
ʲôʥҶǳ֮ɫ
ʥǿǴ˵е˵ʮ꿪һλʮŽһӡйżأÿһžʥӣʲôˡ
ʥӣкܶ๦ЧҪ㣬ֱˡΪ
ֻҪ㻹һڣһžʥӣϾͻָãֱʥƷ
ͬʱҲܹҶǳܰѲ콣ռںԼռ̤벽Ρ
ңӻΪЧս񼶱ĵǿˣֱȼս񡢾ս񼶱ĵ
ʥʮ꿪һλʮһӣ粻֪˶꣬ҹþʥٻмʮţϰٿӡ
ϼ˷ܵ˵ѹЩӶˣϾʥӣɱʲôǿˡߣǸϽȥһˣûǵĻˡ
ã
Ҷǳ˵ͷûгˣϾôĻҲġ
㣬ҲҪȥҲ˵
ϼɫһҡͷ㲻ȥιŷ϶˸ɵĶǿߣҶΣգȥҲ޷㡣ʵ̫ˣں󷽣ѰЩɡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲȰ˵ʦã˵öԣĺΣաԾʥֱɶѣ˵Щħˣ㻹ṳ̂ս񾳽磬ʵ̫ˣں󷽡
ðɣҶǳҲô˵ֻòĵص˵ͷ漴㺫ϼ˵㣬һҪһЩӣҲŪһš
֪ˣϼ˰֣漴̤նһɳ졣
Ҷǳŷȥ˼ٷУա
ŷʲôط·ϣҶǳʵ
ϼָǰ˵ŷ¾λ룬ƲλϹŴסĵط
϶౦ôû˽ȥ̽Ҷǳɻ
ϼԿЦ㵱ǲ֪̽ǳ󣬹ΧʮЩս񼶱аħöࡣ̽ˣʮڣһֻս񼶱аħ
ʲôʮֻս񼶱аħҶǳʱ
ϼ˵ͷ˵⻹ֻΧ棬㣬ܻܿоս񼶱аħּаħɲܹģֱӾɱǡԣ֪кܶ౦Ҳҽȥ̽


933 Ƽ
ŷܻоս񼶱аħҶǳʱĻһɫصּаħǻȥʲô𣿡
ս񼶱аħҶǳа׻ɱ԰ս񼶱аħ򲻹Ҳаߡ
ǣԾս񼶱аħôͻᱻԷֱɱֱȥ
Ҷǳﵽ벽ΣҲս񼶱аħ⣬˫Ϊ̫ʵ̫ˡ
ģҹɵĵдЩ̤벽εĳţ޵вεŶڣȫ֣δûлṥƹŷ¡
ϼһ򶨵˵ʥ̫ˣû˻ԸЩ벽𼶱ĳţ϶óѹ׵ı£ǴѾﵽսԲ磬ʵˣδزһս
ʱٿɣҪҲȲСΪҪҶǳ˵
ϼԴ˺ͬͷڱԼǰ£Żȡ
˶ǣϾ̶ֳȵţֻҪδɾͶܴ󣬲ΪһЩƴֵ̫ˡ

ݣ
ҶǳǸŷµʱĸطҲڸŷ¡
˶ˣʥǳֲﵽս񼶱ǿߣûѡһŷ¡
һЩǿսҲðǰŷ£˻ǲϧա
Щ벽𼶱ţ޵вεţŷˡ
⼸һֱ׷ҶǳٵҲڸŷ£ɱҶǳȻҪǾʥҪ
ҶǳСҪʵ϶Ҳǰŷ£ȥŷ¸лνһá
뵽
ò˵µúܶԣҶǳȷڸŷ¡
Ȼ֪һҲȥŷ£ҶǳβˣΪʵҪĿ֮£һҲҹض֡
ԣŷ֮УҶǳֻҪЩаħħɵĵӾˡ
ȻһҲڰг֣ҶǳҪ־衣

ŷλĵشһռܴķ£ֱһǡ
ڹŷµܣߴĽ񣬷ǽ֮ڣһͬ岼һ£ׯ¡
ֻǣĹŷ£ѾôʥǳŨаϢնħڸǣڰִأһ˿
˿̣һӰɢǿϢΧŹŷ£ڸ߿֮С
Щ½Ϲɵӣа벽εĳţҲ޵вεŵӣа벽޵СԲĵӡ
ΪʵģϹˣֻΪǴ˵еľʥ
ЩӰ֮УΪҫۣվǰ棬Źŷ£һâҫϢƴƥ̫ҫ졣
Ǿɵλ벽𼶱ţв̵һӣһľҹŵˮõķƣħСħŵ޵С
˸иʣһǳأͬȺǳҫۣĿĴڡ
ҶǳͺϼϹʱҶǳһ۾ͿվǰӰΪ˵Ϣ̫ǿˣеļ¡
֮⣬ΧһЩǿӰȻȲˣɺǿҶǳǳ𾪡
ʣǿ̫ˣʵУʮŲϡ
Ѿٶˡϼɨһۣ˵ҪȵˣǲŻᶯ֣ȵȰɡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ȥǴŵʦֵˣǸһжǲ̵ʦֵȥϼҶǳʵ
ҶǳҡͷȥɣȥҼ̵ˡ
ҲãϼͷתͷǱߣִжȻǸԼͬʦֵһȽϺãϾɵһ𣬺ܻܿᱻԷ͵Ϯ
ĿͺϼԶȥҶǳһҲǱߡȻԼϢͻȻһˣһս񼶱ǿߣȻ˲˵ע⡣
һӺˮӦʲôͷҶǳ
һ˲䣬Ҷǳ͸Ӧĺ⣬̵
Ҷǳ˿η壬ӭ˵Ŀȥôಹ̵ڳһҲҶ֣ϾͬǴǳͬھȻǲҶֵġ
ȻһֻǿҶǳһۣջĿ⣬¿ǰĹŷ¡
ʦ֣СӵΪ̫ˣȻѾﵽսڣҲֻսڣɱһӣɫޱЩš
һԵˮҲ֮ɫһҲֻǴﵽսڶѣҶǳһս񣬻һˣȻҲﵽһЩˡ


934 ɱȥ
ʣҶǳΪһ˸еޱ𾪣Щš
ˮļ²ѣΪҶǳʵѾԶвˣҲǵǸԱˡ
֮УΨһɱ֮ɫɫҲ˵ģŷ£һɱ
ʦ֣ôڣñ֣Ȼ˳ȥ㼫䲻ˣʦΪѾʦˣһ֪ɱҶǳСӣԳֶԸ㡣ˮȰ˵
һӵͷģҵȻɵԳ֣ҿаħȥɱ⣬õķƸЩ飬ʵڲУҾ͸һۣƳ֣һɱСӡ
зƳ֣ˣǺ޹ϵˮ˵ͷ
쿴ʱȵ
һӺˮʱŹŷµķ
˿̣ڹŷڣһžŲʹâգɢϿյħƣȻâγһ״Ѥá
󣬶ʱóޱȷڣһɴ۾ϲ
Ǵ˵еľʥƵƵ֣ȻѾˣǧ꣬ʥٽϰٿӡһоⱬ䣬ϲɫ˵
һԵʦ֣ʥȻѾˣΪЩаħûнʳ
ǺǣǱıЩаħͽʳˣʥʥ̺ޱߵʥϢһаħĿˡаħһӴʥǾ͸һѰ·һһЦ
ˮЩֻ˵ô˵źħ˼ʹõʥҲûҲħߣܵʥĿơ
ǺǣˣǿȥһЦ˵һʹõıҲƴᡣ

ʱҶǳҲڴʥʵ̫ˣޱȵʥ࣬治Ƿʥ
ֻսڣ츳Ҳֻ޵вΣʵԶԶѷɫһǣбǿʮˣҵƲܹһӾˡ
ҶǳţЩǡ
ǿ̫ˣҪӲס
ôĻԵҶǳĲȡһЩӣΪ϶ڶʱڱǡ
ϾӲͬڵȴܿ죬һʱ͹ˡ
ֻӦˣΣҲҪһһӵΪȻҾˡ
ҶǳĿ˸

һ£ٶ½Ӹظ˵صѾﵽˣ൱ν˵һˣһеٮٮߡ
ˣǶְɣ߿Уһ˵
һӣʲôʱֵԷʩˣһЦŵ޵Уͬһħ񣬸߰ޱȣ
һӿûʸ񷢺ʩħСħ˵ȫŻħ·ӵĶħħ˻Ϊһֻǿаħ
һ󳰷һ׹һ˵ѵħͷʩ˷𣿡
ҿ϶һľҹЦ
ƵħͷʩŵˮҡͷЦ
ͬΪɣǵȻҪվһߡ
ųЩţаĵɴ˷ƴЦˣҶѰʥģǻҪǿаħʱﷴǻǴظɣڳûĸɵ˿Եƹŷ¡
һߵ鷳ҿĲˣжˡҲ˵ʲôʩҸԴµӣһִȥ˭һˮ㣬ǾǹͬĵˣΣ
޳ɣҹͷ
ˮȻҲǵ˵ͷ
ߣ޵һ
û⣡Сħǵ˵ͷ
ƹЦϸˣǾһְɣõĵӣһȣõĵӣŷ¡
һӡСħˮ޵СҹҲԴµӣŷ¡
ͷһɱŷڡ
Ǹߴǽһһ٣СħһȭǴݻΧķǽùŷڲľ˵ǰ
أء
˵Ľ룬ŷڵʮͬʱըһߴӰɢаϢͬһħɱˡ
ʮֻս񼶱аħһɫһ䣬ȵһ𹥻
ͬʱһȥеһͷаħɱսǳңŷ¶ڷڡ


935 ü
ʮֻаħǰս񼶱ģһǿޱȣҶǳʵܻս񼶱аħˣְս񼶱аħǻжԶӶԶ޷֮⡣
˿̣һӾȻһһסһֻս񼶱аħĹȻ·磬ȴûбˡ
ݺ֮䣬ܹż˵ֻս񼶱аħڳޱȡ
ߣ
ŵ޵һҲ˳ȥԿסһֻս񼶱аħ
ơСħˮоҹλ벽𼶱ĸ֣׷׳ֱ֣Ӿ͵סֻս񼶱аħ
ʮֻս񼶱аħɱ
ɱһɸɵֻ˭Ҳ͵ħһǿߴ
ʣµʮֻս񼶱аħһɷֵֻ
ߣͷ׷׹еֻս񼶱аħ
£û˸͵Ȼܵ˵Χ᷸ŭġ
ҶǳҲȫ֣ʵơʽֶаħǿֶΣһûжãȭҲûжá
ֻǶռͬǿޱȣϾ߽һģǸ
̵ĵӶ֪Ϊͽܣ֪߽ģû˿ʵ
ɱ
ҶǳȻʵʩչĹǿޱȣһ̳ռնˡ
һֻս񼶱аħֱӱݵסˣڳܶಹ̵ĵӷ׷𾪣Щš
ս񼶱аħܹҪǻǣһᱻȻֻǺܶݵʱ䣬ڸ˵ݵʱͿԷֳʤˡ
ûᣡ
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аħŭӴϲ˺ۣܵʮλֵĹǰս񼶱аħҲƲء
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936 ͷȮ
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ߣ϶Ҳҧ󡣡
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937 ڶʳ
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Ǻܿ죬ϵЦݾסˡ
ΪǷֵͷȮ׷ˣƴݾϵѪⱻʥʥ̼ȼ¶ɭȻ׹ǣƴݾ
һɫһ䣬ڲµ˵ͷȮĿģãҪٵʥ
˵ʱֻҪǰ׳գѾˡ
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ΪʲôҪأ
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ʱ򣬵ͷȮԭҪĽƣȴȻı䷽ɱˡ

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ɱ
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ҶǳĲҲ޴ıըĴſڸǳͷȮ
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һӿһĻжʱһϲЦ
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֮УˮһֻؿҶǳ
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938 ʵ
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ڳ˶еǳԾĳֱһֻ̤˹ŹأҶǳȻӹһ١
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һˣҪʲôô
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Ȼ
Ҷǳ۾ԼǵΪʱ˷ܺͼ
⻹˷ҩȻĻʮӣֱӽսԲˡ

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ʱҶǳɫͻȻһ䣬ڵڶʮӵİ£ΪѾﵽսԲ磬ս񾳽ͻơ
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ˣҿתռȻҶǳ뵽һ취۾ʱһ


939 벽
ʥӣЧкܶ࣬԰ҶǳָƣΪͬʱһЧǰ
ԣŻôˣƴҪõ
⻹ڣ磬ЩСһǸûʸ
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ҵĲ콣ռһֱһ޷˴ںϣýʣµӹЧɡ
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ʼԪһΪռͲ콣Ž󽣵ں
ûʹþʥǰҶǳѾԹܶˣǴδζʧܸգȱһ
ھʥİ£Ѿоڰ󽣵ںϡ
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ңΪҲǵսԲ磬һͬ
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ʵϣ󽣵ѾˣֻȱһںϡѾҵˣôںˮɡ
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һǲеͷȮҲУΪ𣬻ƣаħĿǡ
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ԣûм뿪ǳŹȥΪ϶˵ܾܿǾս񼶱ĵ
Ϊô࣬ҵҲǿˡ
Ҷǳ빬ͷųȥ̽ÿһطúҵǾս񼶱ĵ
ܿϧҪĵҶǳҲû̫źΪʣӣΪ̤ս񼶱
ս񼶱󣬵ΪͺˣοﻹԸ˽
ףʲô
ȻҶǳһǽϣһйϵּ˵ǷҲ࣬ʶЩ֡
ˣˣϹʱһλʱ֣ҲڵĲһ
ҶǳҡͷһЦ۲죬ǽкܶɫѪմȾЩصķš
Աߣһ鵹ʯ֣ħӡ
ħӡѵЩţһħսҶǳһ㶣Щ棬õķ֮УȻ¼ħս
ԣʯǲȱġ
ҶǳȻʯԱߵϵһʯͷʯͷ״ӦǸʯģʯ
Ҷǳ߹ȥ鿴ϵʯͷֻдһ֣
ħӡ
ҶǳȻԭǽϵķţʲôħսһѹаħķսħӡ
λϹŴ˺֣ú֮˿ԽѹͷȮ
Ҷǳ˿תƣ޾ķ֣
漴ҶǳǼдŷƣسǽȥ
ʱ漣һĻˣǽһصķţƻһһɽҶǳ֮С
գĲɷ𣡡һķӡͬʱҶǳԺޱʥ࣬ն


940 һʱ
һλ壬ƵֹҶǳ˶ϴһΣ궼һʥһʥͨ͸
ȻλϹŴ󱲷ʿһλԵֻҶǳƣǴķλϹŴΪҶǳҲǷһʿ
ɫķ⣬Ҷǳ˰סˣһţ·ӡϣ漴ֳ۶ȥγɡħ֡
ʱҶǳѾظӦս񾳽磬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱ̤磬Ҫٷʣµ
ңѾѧǽϿ¼ķսħӡǷʿƵһ߶ħӡ
ţսǿаħкܴЧֱ绢ҶǳЩϲҪԵͷȮˣʱ˿̶һսʤˡ
ˣ
ڴʱȻһаϢӴ洫ѵڵĿ˳ȥ
ˣ
ЩӶѾˡ
ҶǳʱɫȻѾͷͷȮ⡣
Ͼһͷս񼶱аħ˵ֱƣɲС
ˣ
Ҷǳһתһ⣬ѸԼϢұƳһЩѪȾԼװһƲصӡ
ʵϣʱݻˣȷƲء
ȻڵͷȮ֪С
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Ҷǳǽǣһ˿ӣѿóǵ棬Ѿ˿ֲ
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ڵͷȮڽʲôȻ˳ѪܵԴҶǳǰǾȻǲ̵һλӵԴ
ȻΪӣЩ˿϶˲ˡ
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𣡡
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ҶǳħӡݺݵغڵͷȮԴϣԼҲһɾ޴ײɳȥˤǽϡ
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ȻͷȮĲҽӴ嶼ڵϷ
ҶǳĿȥħӡͷȮ˿ȫҫһɫţͷų貵ԡ
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䣡
޾ķԽԽʢһ̫ء
ͷȮȫ֣Ʊȼһ궼ڲҽУǳʹࡣ
Ҷǳɵ¶ЦݣԭҪֻаħҪһЩ鷳û뵽ħӡЧô죬ȫĿϧ
Ҳ
ҶǳЦһ漴óɫؽ߶ռһնͷȮ
ҪֻаħһԼռ֮󣬾ﵽʲôز

ռҶǳһڰɫˮī˳еɫؽչ·Ƭ綼ڡ
ˮīϣͷȮҲУҶǳһն壬Ѫ˼ɫʡ
𡭡
ͷȮĲҽȻֹ
ˮīʧڻָƽֻʣµͷȮǲȱʬ壬һһڻ
һնɱһֻս񼶱аħֻаħѾ޻֮Ҳ֤һĿֲ
Ҫ֪аħ嶼ǳӲǾսаħ͸ӼӲˡ
Ҷǳʩչռ֮󣬾Ȼ˵Ĳһ
ʱյû뵽ҵռȻӵӰʱռ
ãҶǳ˫Ŀг˾ϲ֮ɫ


941 Ĳп
ʱռ䣬غµҶǳ˴ԪһԪһҲֻǿռһһСķ֧ѡ
ʱռ䣬ǳԽΰԹûܹգܹգԻưԣһʱĳ
Ҷǳû뵽Լռ֮󣬾ȻӰ쵽һʱͿռı仯ȻֻǺССһ֣ȴѾռﵽһֲֿĳ̶ȡ
ľϲҵռȻˣ̺˺ܶܡ
ҶǳͷȮʬ壬Ŵȥ
ԽռҶǳԽܵռĺޱߣ޾ǿ֮Уҵһǳѡ
ǳ󣬵ǿգҲֻСϡ
Ҷǳ֪ռŸոտʼиһ·Ҫȥ̽

⣬һƬǽ壬ŷ£Ĺ⣬ȫѾ鵹һƬ档
Ҷǳ֮󣬲ûпκһˣȻЩѾ߹ˡ
ҲϾڵʱ䲻ˣȻûڹŷµõԵǾͳŻʱ䣬ϽȥطѰԵ
⣬һЩõӵˣҲ뿪»ᱻᡣ
ȻҲȥ׷ɱһЩõӵˡ
֮ûһ
ৣ
Ҷǳ̤Źŷµķ棬һһӡ̤ϸ߿գ漴óռ䷨ּϵϼ
һΣѾ˴˿ռӡǡ
ʦ㣬֪õķ𣿡Ҷǳһ߷Ϣһ¶Ц
ǰƵһǴݻİĳôܲ
ţҶǳ㾹Ȼţռ䷨ּ˺ϼ𾪵
ǺǣҵȻţȻ˭㷢ϢҶǳЦ֪Լܹ϶˺ܶࡣ
ܹţ̫ˣˣҷô£ϼʵ
ҶǳϢʣֻҪˡ
ռ䷨ּĬƬ̣ŴһϢƵҲˣ
λҶǳþֻȻͬɫؽһ·̴˲ռ䣬Զĺϼ
ʱںϼߣмŵĸ֣оа벽εĴˮ
⼸ˣźϼĿռ䷨ּĿת
ʦ֣Ҫ𣿡ϼҧ촽дŲ̺Σǰˮ
ˮźϼжʮӣƽ֣ÿ˶ֵܷšЩӣǼ˶ܹս񾳽磬ǴԵѵҪ
ϼҧϾǲ̵ĵӣ֮ǰȹõ
㲻ѾһһЩԪһĵæѾǷˡǲ̵ĵӣΣֻҪĸɾ˭֣ᷢˮЦ
ԱҲһŵĵȰʦã֪ʴȣ½ʴע޷Զġûʵ㻹ôãļˣ
ǡϼվЩ̺Ρ
ÿˣˮ˻֣˵ƥﻳʮӣ֪ϵˣִʹǲɱ绹Ҫģȫǡ

ŷϿա
Ҷǳſռ䷨ּѶϢ񣬴͸գ𽥸ֳһĨЦݣǺǣ绹ǲпᰡرջǰҲᷭοҺѶ㲻㡣
ЦգҶǳڿռ䷨ּд£ڹŷ£֣ͷ͹ȥ
ʱһߣϼĿռ䷨ּ棬¶һ仰
Ȼڹŷ£ˮ۾һС
ԱߵһŵЦǰ׳գò׾һӳ˵ͷȮĻڣȻȻһ϶һʱҸطЩӣΪĵȵεж
ˮЦǻҪл޴ȻҲôĻԵǺǣ߰ɣȥȡЩӡ
ֱ˵ȡƺѾ϶ЩѾˡ
ŵĵӣæˮ󣬵Ǻϼȴû뿪
ˮͷüͷϼʵʲô˼Сӣǵʴİɡ
ϼҧҧˮվҡҡͷ˵Ҳʴȣֻû취õĶ֣ǻҵĵħ
ߣɲˡˮߵ㲻ҲУΪ˷ֹͨ籨ţðѿռ䷨ּҡ
ԣϼԼĿռ䷨ּˮȻתȥ
Աߵһӿȥĺϼˮʦ֣ҪҪ
ˣվǴŵĵӣǲɱңûпռ䷨ּҲ޷ϵСӣǡˮҡҡͷ
ǵԺΪô죿Ҫ֪Ϊһǿߡ
ǺǣôɵģΪһ˶Ǽˡο˵ˣΪͻû֤ݣΪʲôǲֲ̻ǴˮһЦ
ǵӶʱԣˮһŷ¡


942 ˷
ŷ¡
Ҷǳϥһʯ棬̧ͷҹա
ȻѾµ˺ϼпҪûѡ뿪ΪʵѾ޾һС
ңԸ񱾾ˣ˾һߣһɣԶ
ԣڴ˵أû뿪˭ɱ
Ҫ޻ء

һɽɽϼԼúţ֮ǰ飬һһԼá
ҲĲҲҪҸߣúõĶ󣬱Ͼã˴Ρ
ʲô
꺫ϼʱվЩŵصԼĽ㺫ϼŭ㣬ôǿҵľ˰ûˣѵҵһȲϼǲԺΪ˱ҶẦ
˵ʲôϼü
ߵ㣬ʲôʱˣȻ֪ϴһЩ޴ʴȣҲֶܲΰаħʲô𣿡
ϼĬˣ˰Σ̾ҵĵĲᶨرջûмסġǷˣ˵ģǿûʴȣһҪеߣȻΪаħ
Լ֪ˣҲûмģ˵㣬ǲܾôţøϽ֪ͨҶʦ֣Ŀռ䷨ּóϵϽߣҸط
ϼһЦҵĿռ䷨ּˮȥˣȻΪǻ׷뿪
ô˵Ե˺ϼһۣ漴óԼĿռ䷨ּд
ϼȵʲôʱҶʦֽ˿ռӡǣô֪
Ҷʦȥ׵ʱǽģϾҶʦ˲ֵýύһ˵һ߷Ϣ
ϼ״̾˿ˣѾˣϾҸϹʱ򣬾Ѿ˲ʱ䣬ʱˮѾִŷˡ
ֻҪ֮һϣҲҪһԣȻҲԲҵġĿᶨ˵Ϣ֮۾ſռ䷨ּ
ϼ״Ҳ˿ռ䷨ּȻʲôϣȴڴ漣֡
ϾҶǳܹŴĴⱾһ漣Ҳ漣ء

ŷ¡
ʦ֣쿴ȻСӣȻڴ˵أ
ǺǣҲ
ʦ֣ϼɵ椾Ȼˣٺ٣ǾˣƽֵĻһ˾ֵܷ߰˿ˡ

ԶУӰˮŵĵӡ
Ҷǳ˲͸ӦˣתͷȥڵĿ⣬ա
ţ
ȻҶǳӦԼĿռ䷨ּóһֻдţҶʦ֣ҽ֪ˣӣˮȥˡ
·ϢҶǳɵ¶ЦݣҲɱԼˡ
˵գҶǳһϢȥ
ԭˡ
Ҷǳ漴ռ䷨ּ
ʱӰ£Ҷǳǰˮŵӡ
㣡
ˮҶǳ¶һĨ֮ɫСӵôӵͷȮǰߵģˣ֪ҲûãǹԹԽЩӰɣҸһʹ졣
ǳǿƣҶǳĿ⣬ͺڿһˣҶǳĻᡣ
ЩѾҳˣҪĻԵƬ̣ȥʺҲʣһЩҶǳ
ôǴʦ˵ֱԱߵһŵĵŭһӰһѸٳҶǳǰȻһƺݺݵҶǳӡ
أ
ϹͷѵһѪ׷ɣҽޱҹļž
ӱĲҶǳǶֵǸŵӡ
һ޵вεţΪҲﵽսڣʵνǿޱȡ
һ㶼ûҶǳ۾һһƳ򣬽ԼܵҶǳһƣˣ۵ҽ
ʲô
ˮһŵĵӶ𾪣ЩŵؿҶǳ
ʱҶǳҲûԼΪսԲĿֲΪһϯΧضɽҡ
սԲ
ˮҧصҶǳİЩȫȥˣ
Ѿ֪ˣϾ֮ǰҶǳֻսڣڣȴѾսԲˣôӣΪǲô졣
ǺǣҶǳЦ
ˮŭôӣѭ浸صʹãҽս񾳽磬˷ѣ˷Ѱ˷ҵӣҪɱ㣬оĥһꡣ
ЩӿɶģȴҶǳ˷ˣôŭ


943 Ծ
ˮŭӢӶŤˣֱŭ죬ðɡ
ҶǳҵӺòãһδ̫Ҹо˰ɡ
䣡
Ҷǳ룬ˮĹѾˣһ޼ʵĺˮӿϣҶǳû
Ҷǳæն𣬵Ǻˮ֮ӿֳһֻ޴ȭͷȫˮ۶ݺݵҶǳ
ǧСˮ۵ȭͷԵˮ飬ˮƽޱȣȻһء
Ҷǳ֮ӲӲæŴԪһٶȺܿ죬֮вϵ˸ˮһδι
ûõģҵĴǶ㲻˵ġҵ֮УҾһС
ˮЦҶǳм˵ΪսԲ磬ҶԿҲ̫ˣǰ벽εţֻ޵вεţͬһ磬ҵĶ֡
֪𣿵̤벽𾳽磬ᵮԼ֮У޵С
ˮţ·ٿش󺣵ĺֱۻ֮䣬һֻֻ޴ȭͷҶǳȥ
𣿡
Ҷǳ۾һУеɫؽʱ貵Ĺâһˮīʱǵأ󺣶С
ռڱˡ
ڰɫˮīޱȣȴ·Ӱ쵽ʱռ䣬Ƭʱյֻ֮Уӳ˻֮ϡ
ʲô
ˮЩ壬ھҪ
ò˵ȷǿ󣬲ǰ벽ȫ£ˮīһ˿˿Ѻۡ
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ҶǳһɳѪܵԴǿµռ⾳֮Уͷʬһˡ
˲ˮվһλ벽ҶǳҲûаһնɱֻǳûŵĵɱ
أ
ͬʱˮһֲϢϱһˮīҽ
㡭㾹ɱǴŵŵӣˮҶǳŭ
ҶǳЦǲҲɱҵѵֻɱңɱǣ죬ҪҲҪڴ˵ء
˵գҶǳȳ֣һˮ
¡¡
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û뵽ЩӲΪ̤˰벽ΡӦֻǳ벽ΣɲҵĶ֡
ˮ˵һɹǿϢϵش֮ǰԵøӿֲ
ʼԴǰˣһ벽һǷǳֲġ
ǰ벽εĸ֣ܹԿסһս񼶱аħɼǵʵжôǿ
Ҷǳ޾һУѾ̤벽ΣΪҲȶԷһеˡ
ɱ㣡
ն㣡
˽Ǵ𣬳˴ˡ
ԶһĻǳ𺳣ΪҶǳı󣬳âһ޴ޱȵĽɽ֮ɽ
ˮıһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ֱӵ˹޾ĺˮƺҪû磬ǳֲ
䣡
벽𼶱ǿײ漫ĿֲƬ֮У޾Ľâͺˮ⣬һƬǽ塣
ŷ£Ĵ֮⣬ȫݻˡ
϶սನƷһȵҽϵرϮϲ񷣬Ⱦ
ԭǶԿս񼶱аħûȫ֣ǵʵԶնɱս񼶱аħ
Ҷǳһ߹ˮһߵ
ϻʱʥûгֻ֣а׳ղŻᶯȫĵƣֻйؼʱ̣Żᶯá硭ˮһɭȻؿҶǳһһɱʱ򣡡
䣡
޾ĺˮһצҶǳɱ
̫ǿˣֱҪ
أ
Ҷǳֱӱһûȥ漴޾ĺˮһӿ˶ûˡ
أֻʣµĺˮ
վҪòЩӣܹɱһ벽ҲҰһˡˮһĻʱЦ
ƺ̫˰ɣ
ֻһϷŰ
ˮʱɫһ䣬Զ޾ˮĺˮȻڷһ޴񽣣Ӻ񷣬ա
ķâ̫ˣˮĺëһɺޱߵռ񽣵ĳ֣Ƭ֮չֳ
һ̣񽣣Ӻˮ֮мԴԴ޾󺣣󺣿һͷ⬡
Ҷǳվһ񽣵ļˣˮ˵ӭҵĽ磡


944 
ͬΪ벽εĳţˮȻӵԼôҶǳȻҲӵԼ
Ҷǳ򣬱Ƭ磬֮أһ񽣣ǽĺ󣬽ߵ硣
̫ˣֱһҶǳ̤һ棬Ŀ⸩ˮ
ܣˮ˫죬һ½İ벽𣬲ŸոγɵΣôܵеùҵĴ򣿴򣬸
ˮϢ޾Ƭӿȣޱߵĺˮ񷣬Ҫһٸ硣
ʵ̫ˣҶǳмҡҡͷռ߶˼£ƥĽ⣬硣
ৣһ񽣣ʱεضԽԽߣ񷣬˺ѻ硣
ˮĴЩ񽣸˺ѵһɶ޾Ľâͬһܼˮɱ
ҲһУһ㶯˻þˮԼĴҶǳĽ״ݻ٣ʵ޷ʵŭǻþҵļᶨĻþûãƣƣơ
ϵŭţǸûãͲǻþʵĽ硣
ﶬҴ
ˮڲòʵоԽϮʩչǿĻս
ﶬǴŵսΪս̫ΪչµӣŵʦүսһΪġ
սǣġ
ֻаսԲ磬ܺΪһ壬Ӷսﶬ
ˮǰ벽εĳţŵսѾˡ
ʱһʩչΧʱ˴ﶬĸڵĳļϢ
ͺñĸ磬ˮΧ룬赲һйڲ֮ء
ԣŵˣһսôͬξ͸ᱻܣٲҲܰȻˡ
Ǻų½޵зս֮һ
䣡䣡䣡
ľ񽣣ҶǳĿ£һδεغˮλã赲Χ޷
ķ
Ҷǳ磬Ǳסˮĸ磬вò̾ŵŷս֮ǿѹֺų½ǿս֮һ
ռҺݺݵغ
Ҷǳûзٿ񽣣һѾ޴񽣣ɢŻĹâͻʱռݺݵغˮ
ǲ
ֻһ죬ˮǰһʱ
Ǵ֮磬ҶǳӲ˺ѣľήɽ緢ѿһƬĩվ
ôܣ
ˮҶǳȻͻԼķʱɴ۾š
Դһŷս֮½κţεţҲԱ
ڣһһǰ벽εţ޵зȻˡ
ǲ
ֹƬ̣ˮǰ֮Ҳˣǻգֱӱˮû磬˱ʱ
ҳס
ˮĿ־ˣǿų޵зⶼֵסҶǳĹˡ
ûã֮漴ȻǶ֮磬һһ޴ľ񽣣Ӳؼ˽
˵ն㣬Ǿն㣡
ҶǳЦ
޴ľ񽣣һռ⾳ӻ֮еֺٵصһնֱӺˮϡ

ˮʵĲҽܽ߾ȫֵɵסһǿֲռûˡ
ʱ磬ֻʣĽͽâ
Ҷǳͺǽ֮һУĤݣﹲ
֮ʧָƽ
Ҷǳ˽¶ѾΪһĹŷ£ʵŷѾʧˣֻʣһĴԭء
ڴϣǾ޴Ľѷ죬ĵģײЩѷ죬ÿһѷ죬ս½ХԨҪӴмкҶǳռ⣬¹ȥʮ꣬Ҳɢ
µģ֮ܵУ̺ſµνѾںһռںһ𣬲ʱؼɱһЩս
λ벽սΪ֮̾
ʲôҶǳնɱˮ֮󣬴أʱı
ʯһѣҶǳ⣬мʮȴϲ֣лʺǼս񼶱ĵս񼶱ĵ
žʥӡ
ãʣӣҾӣӦÿҵΪٽһҶǳʱ¶Цݡ


945 粨
ɱˮֻ֮Ҷǳ뿪˹ŷ£εѰ÷Ƶ١
㽫ɱڴˣҶǳȻǲŹ
ȻʣµֻͣͱϾǲ̵ĵӣû䵥ҶǳҲܵڻɱǣǴŹ棬ΪȲ
ԣҶǳĵһĿõķƣˮǴôġ

ĳطһŵĵӻȻͣסŲ˾ЩشóһѵͫȻһг˲ź𺳡
ѵŵһƬ
Ϊˮ
ҲŵӣҸˮϵܺãԲˮ
ˮĹϵһֱԺ͵飬ڣʲôˮˣ
ôܣ
ãӵһæóռ䷨ּĴŵӷϢ
֪ҪˣϾˮһλ벽εĳţ䣬ԻôŴԪ
ϾҪһӲס

⣬ɵλϣһվԼµսϣĿԶĵ硣
һĴϿԶĵ磬΢ǵ˵Ҳ֪εжˣȥĶţκһ˶ʧء
в˵Ǿ͹ȥڱˡħĴߵ
̵ĸԪ˵Ҳһܵϡ
һӦûʲôΣգϾϹŴĵ磬λϹŴֻһЩ飬ǲ˵ģϾŴȱΪŵĴЦ˵
˶Ǹ֣½һѾѣԿúܵԵú򶨡
ڴʱŵĴɫͻȻһ䣬óһѵͫһͷŭ
˶ע⵽˴ŴϵɫҲѵ򣬲ɵ÷׷һ
ǷǳܹŴرעĵӣ϶츳˲ãǰ벽Ҳ޵веٮٮߡ
ڣ飬˵ŵĵѾˡ
ʱЩЩֻ
ħĴϹЦǴһһˣϹŴְȫĵ磬ǾȻһҪĵӣǷﰡ
ŵĴҲЦ˵ϹŴĵ磬˵ħΪƣźħĵӦΣաû뵽ǴŷһҪĵӣɼǴŵԽԽˡ
˵ȳǰŵĴͷŭˣڣֻضţûǵķ̡
һĻ˶ЩɻˣЩ²⡣
̵ĸԪ⼤ŴŵĴϣʵ֣ѵǡ
һĴͫһ𾪵ɡ
Ȼ²⵽ʲô
ħãŵĴϣ˿ҲֻЦݣ֮ɫ

ֻŵĴŭһ˫Զĵ磬ŭǴŰ벽ˮսԲΪ԰ս񼶱ǿߣܿ⣬˭ɱ
Ȼˮ
ֲ²⣬Ŵϵȷ֮󣬸Ԫ˶𾪺Ͳš
ǿǰ벽𼶱ţ½ҲΪ࣬ǳϡ٣ÿɣܹһǾ㲻ˡ
κһ벽𼶱ĳţֻҪδΪɵ֧κһɵص
һʧ̫ˣһλϵ䡣
ôܣ
һĴ𾪵νģҲֻλ벽𣬶ˣԻˮҲܻɱѵΣϹŴĵ磬ŽȱΪô᲼ɱ
̵ĸԪŵĴϣʵˮǰûдʲôϢ𣿡
ŵ磬ռ䷨ּ޷ϢŵĴҡͷ񷢺ݣɨΧһۣˮڵҲͰˣ֪ɱˮǾͱǴſս
ħĴߵµӼˣѵҪֱˣ
ǵԵƽԾˣǴȻû׷ǣԸһˣ壬ǴȻҪΪһŵĴ˵
Ҳֻܹ޴֪ϱˣǲǺͲ̡һĹϵħĴϷ̵
ŵĴϲٷϻֻؿǰĵ磬ֻʣһʱˣҪЩӳ浽׷ʲô飬ˮôģ


946 ķԾ
λϵ𶯣ڵڣʣµĴŵӣʱѾһδ֪Ŀֻ֮С
ˮʦ־ȻˣôܣҲţ
϶ƭӣôܻᷢ飿ˮʦֿǰ벽εĳţΪҲսԲ磬˭ɱ
ϢˮʦֽõĵӷģԷˮʦֵ򣬴ʦֵѾˣǧȷ
ôᷢ飿ǿǰ벽𰡣Ȼˣ˭ɱ
˵ͷȮǰս񼶱аħҲɱˮʦ֣ʦҲȥҵͷȮ˭˭ɱ˴ʦ֣
϶šáħҵ벽ɱǴʦ֡

ʣµĴŵӣȫ𾪡־һĲš
Щŵĵӣ˴ϵʼţۼһ
ûˮ֪Լ˽ΣգһУõѡ
Щеţкܶ޵вεһһ¼벽ˣκβǡ
Ѱұ飬ҪҲȲԼҪ
ˮİ벽ˣĿ־ˣٶԳȥѰˡ
Ҳֻʣһʱˣ˷Ҳûйϵ֮ǰ߰ѾѰ˲ٵջѾˣûҪ̰ġ

һɽ֮С
ϼͺãǰв˸Ŀռ䷨ּһƼ˹ı飬𺳡
յҶǳ͡ԭ㡯Ϣ˻ЩģûãˮϢϵطŪЩź;
˻֪ˮȥʲôˣȴһŹȥãˮѾˣôֵݣͲԶˡ
ôܣǿˮʦְ벽εţսԲǿߣҶʦ־Ȼܹɱ
Щ˵
ûзŭҲûϲãֻһĲź;
Ϊʵ̫˲ˡ
˻
ϼҲǵһҿȷˮһȥŷҶʦˣˮˣôҶʦֿ϶֡
Ҳпˮʦڰ·أҡҡͷǲҶǳӵĿֲʵ
ϼԼãָָռ䷨ּ˵֪Ǿֱʰɡ
³ĬƬ̣漴˵ͷֻڿռ䷨ּдϣˮˡλȻ͸Ҷǳ
ûãҶǳĴѶˣĿռ䷨ֻּ𽥳һּ·ֶŷâøܵһɳصѹ
ɱ˺ɱ֮
һλֻ߸֣ȴɱ֣񽣣â¶ɱʱգһ޵еĵɽƥ
ɫɷף׷׵Ȼ亹
ʣҶǳɱˮʵøеޱȵľ
찡ȻģС죬۾ɵϴ𺳡
ϼҲޱȣͬʱҲЩңҿʱĲʱжȻڿҲѾˡ
㣬ô죿´˿ҲЩˣתͷԼĽ㡣
ϼҧǿЩ˵Ĩȥռ䷨ּϢǾ͵ʲôҲûз鳹ǣҪκˡ
ԼĻµ˵ͷ˵Ҳԣ߱ˣҲûκκôҶʦ֡Ǵ£ҶʦٻǵѣǿߣΪѣܱȳΪĵҪá
ãڳɳˡϼЩؿԼã漴¶һĨЦݡ
һ죬עһƬ֮С

ûв͸ǽοŵĵӣˮɱϢ˲̺һĵӡ
ôΪǲ²ˮǱáźħ벽ɱģҪһͲ̵İ벽Ǿⱻɸơ
ⲻǴŵĵӺģǲòôϾһšáħͳ磬ǴŵĵҲʲô³
ʲôˮȻɱˣôܣ
յˮɱϢԶһ֮Уոնɱһֻս񼶱аħһӣʱ𾪵ĵɴ۾š
ԱߣˮҲԾȻҲյϢ
ѯһ£ŵĵӶڴϢȷд¡ˮЩ˵
ǿǰ벽𰡣սԲεǿߣǴʦһһ˭ɱ
ߣҪȥһľҹʦܣˮʦܣȥϵʣµĲ̵ӣǾۼʱ̱־衣һоⱬ䣬ѸȻ̤նȥ
ˮҲ֪ԣ׷óռ䷨ּʼϵ̵ĵӡ


947 ߳
̴ŵӾۼ֮󣬲̺һĵǣҲ׷׾ۼ
ɵľٶʱšúħɵĵŵϾ˼ҵĵһٷɢһˣǰ벽Ҳֻ·һ
Ľ͵Ҷǳڵ˴꣬ȻһɵĵӶû
ô£ЩһأҶԽС磬Ȼһ˶û
һУҶǳϵаħʬ壬üͷ塣
ЩŹְ
ôĵӣôʱˣҲһɡȴһ˶ûֱ̫ˡ
һõĵӣӶƵأ
ֻʱˡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷó˿ռ䷨ּҵ˺µӡǣһϢȥ
һ¾ͻѶˡ
Ҷʦ֣¶֪ǴŵĴʦˮɱˣǻášħ벽ָɵġԣǴŵĵӣڶۼһ𡣡
ϢȥһͲ̵ĵҲۼһ˵šãħĵӣҲۼһһʱ䣬Ҷ׼̽ˣǵȵǿ磬뿪硣
֪ˮ򣬵ȴ˿ᣬȻװŲ֪¡

·ϢҶǳʱһҲû뵽ԼɱˮȻôһ粨
ǺЧӦ
ЩɵĵӾۼһǾͲðˡҶǳ漴üͷ
ɱƣпܵĻ͡
ڣɵĵǾۼһÿɶϰٸӣࡣ
Ҫ֪ЩɲͨĵӣĶǴԲţһǿߡôҶǳҲһڣǲʵ
ﵽΣӵ򣬲֣Ժһеˡ
ǰ벽𣬻޷һڣһȺţ͸Ӳˡ
ֻ߳ˡ
ȻҶǳ۾һУǳһĨЦݡ
νΪΪʳ˶֪Ҷǳڹŷµõ˶ʮӣ˷Ļ϶̲ס֮ġ
Ͼ˶̰ģԶʮӣû˻᲻ĵġ
ţҶǳÿռ䷨ּϵ£õפء
õ˶ۼһôĿ꣬ص١
ʵϣô˾ۼһҲм٣Ͼ˭һڣ
ˣ
ռ䷨ּºܿʹѶϢ
פصλ÷ˡ
ڵĳһУеаħ϶Ѿˡ֮ѡ˵أΪõĵӵģǳȥʱ򣬻Ҫȥ
Ҷǳλ֮󣬱̤նʧʡ

һģ޴סս񼶱аħֻаħõĵӽٵ֮󣬾ͱƸˡ
ʱһʮõĵӣϥڡ
ееڱ˴˽졣
вһʱҪ뿪ˣҵõʵΣ̫ˬˡһõĵЦݡ
ٺ٣Ҳãĵ硣Ҫ֪ĵɲ࣬绹ѹΪսϵǿ߽ȻֵܹõǰһõĵӺٺЦ
ʱһõĵ̾ϢϧǶʥͷȮݻ˴룬ʣµļʮӣһŶû
û취ȥŷµǿ̫ˣܹӵָʦ֣ҲֻӡԱһõĵ˵
õĵŭ˵⻹ֲǸҶǳСӣԼҲˣȻ˶ʮӡˣҲܹһЩӡ
СڿѾΪͷȮķˣһ˶ѣʲôô
һ̵Ӹո˵꣬ʱ۾ɵϴΪһ˺գ˲䶴
أ
ӻΪѪȾ˵棬ΧõĵӶմѪ
˶ˣȻеɱ˽ǵ棬նɱһõĵӡ
һŭ쳹ա
֮бչصķƣһӳڸ߿Уһƺ޴ӰЯŻصձѡ
Ƿƴʦ֣
õĵӶʱ֮лָ
ƾǵĹǣзڣǾܰġ
ۣ
ʱ˷һӰ֮е˳ȻһѪЩֻʵԶ
Ǹ֣
ԣôеϤ
Ǹ̵Ҷǳ˻ôţ

õĵǾ
ϿգҲǸӰݣһ𣬶ʱ˼顣
һСӣҼǵһһҶǳȻҶǳӡ̡
Ȼţ
һ̣Ƶĳ˷ܡ


948 Ц
ҶǳţԵ÷ǳˣȻ˵ĲΪҶǳţ뵽ҶǳϵĶʮӡ
ȻԵסһƣСӵΪ˺ܶ࣬һһЩӡжʮӣô˷ѣ뻹ʣʮš
оⱬ䣬漴ͳҶǳߵķ׷ȥ
ڴ˴ţȥɱ֣ΪʦܱѩޡƵĻ£ȴѾʧˡ
õĵǶţɲǰ׳գȻ׷ȥ׷ɱҶǳĸĿġ
ôƵʵǿ˭ҸЩӣ
ԣЩõĵӣֻʵʵشڡ
ƴʦηˣҶǳ棬뻹ʮӡ
ôӣƴʦֵΪͻᱩ࣬˵Ϊϯʦ֡
ԺҪͽƴʦ֡

ЩõĵĽ֮ɫ
ʱѾ׷ҶǳǰӵĺӰЦҶǳӲģٶȣõ׷粽ǹھݡ
õ߶ʹùģһȫǹ֣һ˵ٶȻҪ
ϾóԶ̹˽ƾͻԣõȱǣ׷粽սǵٶȣھͬΡ
ν׷粽Ǳȷ绹Ҫ죬ֻǳʼ׶Σ׷粽һˣǾͳԽ˹٣ͬһ磬գ۶ѿ
ҶǳԪһģٶóĻֱܹ˲ơ棬ȴǲ˲ƣٶȣһھͬ
ȻҶǳĿģ߳ԼٶȣԼͷһһ롣
ףٶȾȻ۾һУǰҶǳıӰЦԭԪһģǺܿϧ治˲ƣʵҲܶ࣬ٶȱȲңעҪ׷ϡ
˵꣬гһŽɫ󹭣ûдֱңһ֧ɫʱڹ֮ϣ˳ķ͵ؼȥ
䣡
һȥնըǰĿռƬ֧ȥĽɫȴѾʧˡ
ͬʱҶǳһƬռ飬һ֧ɫ˲̴Ҷǳĺ󱳣˶ˡ

ҶǳһҽУ˶ǰȻ֧סˣٶȷʵ࣬ķһ׷ˡ
Ҷǳ״æָγɫһ飬ؿơ
սԲ
һ۾ͿҶǳΪƤʱһ𾪵㵽׷˶ٿӣ
Ҳ࣬ͶʮţҶǳǵѪҺ˵
ʮţԵɴ۾ϲɵ˷ŭ֮ɫָҶǳ˵ܼӣʮճʹãս񾳽磬սڣȻͱ˷ˡ
ҵӣôþôãܵ𣿡Ҷǳߵ
һ䣬ɭǰģҵˣ˵㻹ʣ¶ٿӣϿ콻ңҿԸһʹ졣
ͬսԲ磬ΪùңҶǳм
ԹЦվڲ߿ոҶǳг˼Сӣֱ֪ߵغΪͬҾκβ𣿿㻹֪벽Ŀֲãϴһҳɱ㣬ӹһ٣ûˡֻҪɱ㣬ԵõЩӣܵõһ˵øҵĵֱһá
˵ֲ꣬ϢһΡɽԶʱմԽЯԶĿֲƣأƬն
ôܣҾȻܶˣ㵽ʲô
Ҷǳʱͷ󺹣ڵϣɫŤж˾

ƴЦһ޵еѲԼأҶǳǰ벽ҲϢǰͨսվܹվѾܲˡϡ
ҹҶǳȻ˿־⣬ǿϢӿⷽս
ţŶԣͨ޵вεʵȻһΪǿЦʵ
ƿͻȻҶǳû˿ȣ·ԤϵҶǳʵֿƵıƵ񣬴ǿҵš
ʵȻˣȻҸҽսҾֱɱ㡣ҶǳһֱӻӶȭɱ
ǿЦǹģΪǹ־Ͳóս
ƾƣһգǲ񷣬ſֲܣҶǳѹȶ
˰벽𾳽磬Ͷ㶼лصսҲһСС޵вοԿġ
ϲ˳Цݡ
ϵЦݣܿˡ
ΪǰҶǳıȭУԭޱȰһȭͻȻ˴пֲռ⾳ȭ⣬ƿٵһĩֻصĿֲܡ
ʱҶǳͬɢϢұӵǿƵ


949 ռһ
һʩչռȭҶǳ˵ʶˣ˵ղֻһͷͻôڵѾһͷ
Ԩ졣
ֲϢҶǳ˶ҵĽ⣬µռȭչֳΧضˡ
һ̣ƸܵһϢѹ
ΣյϢ١
벽𣡡
ͫϵЦ˲̣ԭ޵еš
ҶǳȻһ벽
ʵ̫ˡ
˵ĽսҲܲҾһ԰ɣҶǳһЦӶռȭŷ˹
ԭǲľ޴ƣҶǳһȭͻƣǿֲȭâͬһգҫ£ơ
ˣ
ɫ䣬æʩչ׷粽Ѹٺˡ
Ц˵ĽսǶ޵вκ޵вµ˵ġͬǰ벽εţĽսͲֵһˣóԶ̹
ٶ̫ˡ
ҶǳһЦһ磬ŷƶеռȭǿգݺݵơ
Ƶ׷粽ǸտʼĻҶǳδؿ׷ԼҶǳǾû취ˡ
䣡
ҶǳռȭųҵĹâûˣһĽɫȴڲ̴ִ֮գɱҶǳ
ȻڹؼʱѡֹҶǳԱΧκԡ
Ҷǳ֧ɫһȭ
ͣ
ɫײҶǳԴϣֻǲҶǳһƤ⣬ȻͱҶǳϵˡ
ۣ
ͬʱܵҶǳռȭֲȭâ壬ֱըѿѪɡ
һѪԶԶѸ壬źҶǳϳ𾪣Ȼ˿£
Ѫڣ
ҶǳЦִ֮䷢һһвûУôҵһȭΣҹռȭҵռģ
ֹǲ˶ˣȻҲѪһ壬ҲǷǳ޴ġ
û뵽㾹Ȼ̤˰벽𾳽磬һЩӰģѹԴӳƺݺݵصҶǳ
ռȭ˺̫ˣҶǳչֳʵҲ𾪣Ѿ֪ԼɱҶǳˣǻܶѡ
ǳôĿ÷ƺܷŭʩչ׷粽ѸҶǳԶ룬Ȼ乭
ҶǳҳϽս㣬ûʲô˵ģұһֻ֣ɵӹֲŻѡսƴЦ
Ҷǳô˵ղžǸɵӹˡסƵ󣬺ݺݼơ
ȥɣƶʱɫͨ죬һһһҶǳһ貵꣬ѤõҹգҶǳǶ
ռ
ҶǳóɫؽһϢ֮䣬ֲӿȣһڰɫˮīһչڱء
ʱ֮䣬ʣһڰɫˮīе꣬ȫˮī棬Ѳ
ʲô
Ƶһǵһμ˹µĽɾܻȫһʵǿֲ
ԴռôҶǳЦһڰɫˮīʱչҪҲ档
ҶǳЦ˵ǹóԶ̹ûãӲһĹΧԶ̹һᣬұó
ⲻҶǳڴţνռǾͰһнڽ֮УнȻҲԶ̽
ΪһнռȻҲóԶ̹ԷƵԶ̹޾壬ɱ
ռȻ֪ҵռһΣ۾漴ͺһϢϯһʵʻʱء
Ҷǳɫ֪ǷƵ
¡¡
һ̣Ҷǳ̧ͷգȴתֱ
ֱһŴ󹭰
һ֮
ԴΪΪҡ
ڼأ
ҶǳȻͫһ֧ǱĶǷƱˡ
ΪΪңΪ
ˣΪһ壬Ϊռһ
ݣ
һ飬رը綼ڻĩ֮С
ҶǳȻԼ޷һ·һǴ鲻Խһɾĸо
ü
ʱ˿̣ҶǳҲ̲ס̾ΪһѾܵв
ͬǰ벽𣬵ڹ棬õķƣҪˮ
ȻҲԹơ
Ҷǳҵռһ£ҲˡƻҶǳ
ڴʱͻȻҶǳ˫ӳӡһĩ֮


950 ʮǿս
ʲô㾹Ȼ𣡡
ƿҶǳ˫֮ӿֳ𣬶ʱһ𾪡
Ҷǳǰɵĩ֮ͫȻһǷʽ
Ϊõ֮ӣȻҲ֪ʽĴڣ֪սǿѧϰҲ֪һ޷ѧս
ȻڣʲôȻʩչ˷ʽһʩչеĵʽ
찡ҪǴ˳ȥ½ˡ
Ϊŷʽһֱ½ǰʮս֮ڡ
½ǰʮսÿһǺ޵սֻҪѧκһԽս
ս٣Ϊֹ½Ҳֻ֪սĴڣսʥҲʥܹȺ۵ԭ
սǰҶǳʩչķʽˣһ֪ĵʮǿս֮һ
֪֮ΪսɣԵõսˣû⣬ֱӰȥ򵽵һ£⻹ƨˡ
ȥܶԺ½ɣٶõսҲ֮ˣΪ֪һŲɵս
ڣƿҶǳʩչ˷ʽһеĵʽôܲ
䣡
Ȼоʱ򣬷Ѿ޿ˣֻӲͷƤҶǳ
ȫâɣͬһ˺ǿգĳ֮Уҫ۵ԡ
һǿһĵ뷨һ֮С
ص˵Ȼ
һռһһɣ޵С
˼治ͬ죬ϧվûɣҶǳŷƵһҲ̾ѣ漴ҡҡͷ
ߵˣ֪ǲˡ
ô㲻ţҶǳЦ
ҲЦѣ⻹˵ûһĻʩչġ
֪뷨Ҹһǿʩչģ㻹ûеĹؼ塣
Ҷǳ˫⼤䣬ͬ磬ŷƣ˵飬һ㵹͸ǴصĺأľͲһˡ֪ΪκأΪس飬ҡԲ˺ء˵Ʈ죬ҵڶûв͸ҲֻǲĽթȴ˴˽ԣһġ
Ҷǳ̸ɫâʢ͵شסڣƨ
Ϊ֪Ҷǳ˵ǶԵģѾָˡ
ΪɱҶǳʩչһ
Ǻǣ˵ˣ߳ŭ𣿿ϧһˣǿԿҵķʽڣذɡ
ҶǳЦеӡѾɣһĩ֮ųѤõĹâǰɳ䣬硣
ɱ
ŭ˶ͷųҵԣƺҪĩ֮ޣ̫һ㣬жԳ֣֮ײ
¡¡
޴ıըϯֲڳ˷ȥҶǳҲòˡ
Զ֮Уһõĵӷ׷վ򣬶ʱ𾪡
﷢ʲô飿
ÿֲ
Ƿƴʦֵռһ
ôܣһҶǳѣֻ޵вεţôܻƵ÷ƴʦʩչռһ

õĵӣ˼顣
ڴ˵ţҹȥһս۷޵ţ˵漴̤շԶ
¡¡
֮Уĩ֮𳹵ױգųȵĸ£ԼµĻ֮

ƽ߾ȫֵڲļҲڲ
ռһȷȱݣԸԼĶֻУǶԸʮǿս֮һķʽȱݾͱˡ
ļڱǳز˵صĺأ˵Ҳȫռһ˲ͱˡ

ʣȴΪ˺壬˶䱬ˡ
Ѫ׷ɣǶߣΪΪ벽𼶱ĴڣƵҲﵽѪڣһ塣
ûãĻ֮͸µȼ֮£ƵѪûһһӵߣȫݻڻˡ
ƵأˣƷ
ҶǳһӣЩƷȫץȡ˹սԼС
ߣ
ӦԶõĵӸҶǳҿ϶ǶԷһˣǺиˣ뱻ΧѸ뿪˵ء
֮õĵӳڴ˵أصǽ壬ͽɢķϢʱɫ䣺ƴʦ
Щţ˵Ǹ²⡣


951 ٴ
֮⣬λϰգңңŵķ϶ЩţΪһʱ䣬Ҫһοˡ
ţ
ʲô
ȻõĴͫ漴һͷ˿𣬷ŭĻ˫֮š
˭˭ɱõİ벽ƣ
õĴóһѵŭشһ磬޲ǰ硣
ӴϢϯգҿպзƱɫز
ʲô
ôܣ

ôϵĻŭڵӣ˶ʱ𾪡
УŵĴϣ𾪣һЩкֻٲǴһʧһλ벽һƽˡ
λϣ𾪣ħĴϣ˿̶˵ˣϳ˵ǡ
֮ǰһŵİ벽ˣ⣬Ͼɵİ벽
²ħţ˴ŵλ벽
еο
ڣõİ벽ȻˣЩˡ
ϾǱѾֻʣλ벽𣬶ħɻʣλ벽ô㶼ܱԷɱ
ô˭ɱƵģ
˵лһǿˣҲɵģҲĵˡ
ԣħš̺һĴɵĴϣ˿̶һţǵԼҵİ벽Ҳ˷ƺˮĺ󳾡
֣侲㣬ֻʣ¼µʱˣʱһˮʯŵĴϳοõĴϡ
õĴ侲Ͼдŵǰ棬˿Ҳܹܣֻкܲʹ죬˷ŭɭϷҪ浽ʲôΣգ
ˣǰĵ硣

֮ڡ
һ֮УһЩӵзõӣ˿̽վһж˲˼𺳡
ô
ǣ
˶⼸վõӣЩĪ
⼸վĵӻһۣӱ˴˵п˾š
ƴʦ֡ˣΣһõĵó˷Ƶ֮г˻ҡ
ʲô
õĵӣȫɫ䣬ֱš
ݣʱλǰȥ̽õҲˣɫ˵Ҳƴʦ֣ҸоƴʦֵϢʧˣʧˡ
Ļõĵһ˿ɣǵķƴʦ֣ˡ
ʦ֣ƴʦֵѾˡλŷѵõӣѵ˵
찡˭ɱǴʦ֣Ҷǳֻһ޵вεţʥӰΪսԲΣҲǷƴʦֵĶ֡
˵ĲǷƴʦֿǰ벽𰡣Ҷǳ˹ʺˣҲ̤˰벽𾳽磬ҲܹǷƴʦֿ⣬ԲܻɱǴʦ֡
ԣҪɱǷƴʦУҲλ벽С
ⲻܣǱֻʣһӺ;ҹ벽ܲܺšħİ벽ɡ
˭飬һҪԲǷƴʦĲס

õĵһˣ𾪣лңо֣зŭĶС
󲻾ãõĵӰϢ֪źħˣɵ˶ˡ
ˮˣǻЩֻǷƣǾ͸еһˡ
ɵİ벽޵УСħصһ档
֣
ħ֣
˲ǵ棬ǶµĵһģϾڷƶɱˣҲҵȥˣⱻδ֪ĵ˸ơ
ʱ˵ɫޱء
Сħ֮ǰǱ߻ɱˮڿһδ֪ĵˣɱˮͷơ
޵е˵ͷܹɱˮͷƣӲȥǾս񼶱аħһеٮٮߡ
СħȴҡҡͷҲΪаħɵģΪаħĻˮǷƣΪԼܹɵһս񼶱аħǿ϶ᴫϢǣǸµĵӣпռ䷨ּȫõ
޵ͫһ𾪵ؿСħ˼ǡ
Ҳ²һˣһɵˣһˮͷƶʶˡǣҲΪ˲ǵĶ֣Բûÿռ䷨ּϢǣҪϢʱȴѾ̫ˡСħص˵


952 
СħĻ޵оⱬ䣬𾪵˵ɵˣͬս񼶱ܹɱˮͷƵģֻܹõ
Ȼǰ벽𣬵Ǹжôǿ󣬾Կʵɱǡ
˭صô޵ЩһεĳţȻԼݣУҲֲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪εţͬǣȴݣǾһµɱ֣ôǲ
϶ʶˣֻҺǣԷɱˮɱ˷ƣħģģСħɻ
޵ѵʮս񼶱аħ𣿡˵꣬ԼȻһЦΪ²̫׳ˡ
ȻСħҡͷʮս񼶱аħʮս񼶱аħҪݣֱӾɱǣǾۼһҲвʮս񼶱аħ
ңﵽʮս񼶱аħȫ磬Լ뿪ˣڣαؼ棿
޵е˵ͷЦֻЩԽܣ֮УȻһ𼶱šҲ̫޳ˣ츳ʵΪʲôҪء
ؼǸҶǳϣ˵᲻ǸεšСħȻ˵ˮĲףǷƵǸҶǳйأϾȥ׷ɱҶǳˣȻˡ
ⲻܣ
޵ҡͷǸҶǳҲ˵ΪֻսڣеӴﵽսԲ磬Ҳֻ޵вΣôǷƵĶ֣
ʥӣ˰ΪСħ۾ѵ
޵ҡͷˣҲܳΪ벽Ҷǰ벽Ӧ֪Ҫ̤жôѣôԼĵһǿĵ˵ƵռһɲһЩʥӾܰﵽġοҾ˹ʺˣ̤˰벽𾳽磬Ҳͷ൱ɱơ
˵еǷȥ׷ɱҶǳűɱģ϶Ҷǳйء
Сħ˵ͷ˵ֲҶǳô˵ǸҶǳʶڰҶǳ𡣡
޵۾һУ˵Щ²⣬Ƕ֪Ҷǳʮӣһ֪ûϢΪЩӣҵˣ϶ȲҪȥɱԲԣ
Сħ˵ͷ֪Ҷǳû϶취ȥ׷ɱҶǳӶõЩӡ
뵽Сħʱһ֪޵еĲ²⣬˵ˣǸһ㣬ҶǳȥˮзϵңڷƺˮҶǳԲǵĶ֣Ҳû뵽ÿռ䷨ּϵǡȵǷλʱ򣬿Ѿˡ
޵е˵ͷɫص˵Σɵ˾;ۼһ𣬾ˣôˣҲܵеùǡ
Сħ˵ͷ˵ʵϴҶǳƺˮϵһ㣬ͿԿóȻӵеɱǵʵȴһڣֻҪۼһ𣬱û¡
ֻʣ¼¾Ҫ뿪ˣǾôڴ˵أҶǳЩӣǺǣȻҪСҪοЩӣҲλõˡ޵˵
Ȼһλ𣬻ǺСĽġ
ϾܹΪ벽ģûһǰ׳ա
ħŵ˾ۼһ𣬵֪ҲɱϢ󣬴š̺һˣҲۼһ
Ҳû˸ҵжˡ

ĳ֮ڣһӡˮλʦֵϥ˴ԡ
ˮɫص˵ʦ֣˵ǷǲҶǳɱģ
Աߵһ˵ܰɣҶǳЩӶȥҲܴﵽһ
һӳԲҶǳСӣĵϸһͨսģ츳һʼֻа벽޵Уǲ̺Ϊ޵вΡǲ츳Ͼʦ𿴹ѵӹʦ۾
ǣ÷Ƶ϶ǺҶǳйأһȷˡˮ
һĿ˸Ҳ²֮УһλҶǳˮͷ䵥Ӷɱǡ
һڰУǰϻ𣿡ɴ۾ò˼顣
Ͼӵ츳Ҫ
ֻҪչֳԻᱻɷΪصпܳΪɵļ̳ˣΪʲôҪ츳
Ͼ츳˷֣Ǿ͵òЩӴԴˡ


953 뿪
֮˭ҲҪ뿪ֻҪǾۼһ𣬼Ҳκβǡ
һӶˮ˵
Ƕһ٣ڷƺˮ֮ɵĵӣ˭ҳȥ
Ǽλ벽𶼱סˣο޵вεš
ʣ¼µʱˣǾֻҪȥͺˣαسȥðա

һߣϼú´һ
㣬˵ǷǲɱģСͨ죬Щʵ֪˵˭
Ͼֻǣˮ
һǵģϾˡϼ˵ͷɫص㵱ʱڳʥʱ򣬷һһڱѩޡ
µ˵ҿ㼰ʱ֣ȻǾͲˡ
ϼ˵ͷ˵жг𱨳˲ˣԶˣֻ֮ύǧ֮ΪС
ǺѣǡЦ˵
ϼҲ¶µЦݣ뵽ľ񣬻һ߰붼еޱȺ¡

ĳһ֮УҶǳٴλɱһֻаħ
ԶҶǳɵЦҡͷû뵽ɱˮͷƣȴǽɵ˶סˣǻΪһšǺǣҲãǶҳôĵͶҵսƷˡ
ͨ뺫ϼôϢҶǳҲ֪ɵһЩǵĲ²⣬ЩĿɿڴ
ϸ룬Ҳе
ϾҲֻ𣬲ɱ벽𼶱ǿߡ
ֻЩ벻Ҷǳѧ˷ʽʮǿսԽս
ȻҶǳڻֻǰ벽𣬵ǷʽһУӵεĹɱһ벽ˡ
ݣ
ҶǳգѰһѰ
Ȼս񼶱ĵôҲˣѰ
ΪòҲ͸ѩǰ
Щյĺкͻ飬ҶǳȻҪչǣΪʵ½Ա
ʵһֱӺƹȥûһֻаħԵסһһȭ
ʱţҶǳõĵԽԽࡣ

µʱתۼţʮ֮ڵˡ
Ҷǳѹε̤գǰһڵӵפء
ϸԪϾҪˣϵĵص㣬뿪硣
ݣ
һӰգŲ̵פؼȥ
̵פأڵҶǳǽʱĵһ
ʱһ̵ĵӣ׷վ̧ͷգ¶֮ɫ
Ҫ뿪ˡ
㲻ٵȥˡ
εĵ֮лΣհ˵ǲ̵Ľʧһˣźøʧһλ벽ǲ˼顣

̵ĵ۷׷ס
ڴʱһӰգٶǰ
ʣҶǳ
̤գҶǳŲ̵һڵȥ
ͬʱ̵һڵӣȫҶǳ˶¶˼Ŀ⡣
һӡǣͫһ𺳡
λأһвæųɨΧ֪λҶǳǷˡ
ǣûзκһˣֻҶǳһˡ
ôҸʲô
˵Ŀ⣬ҶǳԵú򶨣һЦ漴ͣڲԶ
ȵҶǳ֪㱳һλɱ˴ŵˮõķƣʱҲüˣɡ
˵ʲôˮ𣿷ҲǵûκιϵҶǳ˵Ȼɱģϣû֤ݡ
˵Ĳ²⣬ʲôãǲ̵ŵӣƾһЩ²⣬ҪԸǸܣʦΪҲԲ֡
װ⣬֮ǰȥ˷ƣȻƾˣ˵Ƶûϵȵ
Ҷǳ˵֣Ϊһжɵİ벽ָңɱģֻйͣʲô㵽ǲ̵ĵӣõĵӣ
㡭ʱ˵
ˣһӻ˻֣ĿصؿҶǳҳС㣬û뵽ѾЩӽսԲ磬ֻ޵вεţûʵɱˮͷơҲΪλ𣬵Ҫףǲ̵ĵӣԲǲΪС
Ǻǣ仰ҲҪĻƺˮɲҶǳЦ
вĻһͫһɫ䡣
ʱһ貵Ľâ˺磬¶һ޴Ŀռѷ졣
ʱ䵽ˣ˶Ԫ


954 
ǸԪϣ
Ϊǿˡ
ȥ

̵ĵǣ׷׷ǵ޴Ŀռѷ죬ʱҲû˼Ҷǳˡ
ȻҶǳ˿Ҳǵռѷȥ
һӵҲˡ
һڲ̵ĵӣʧڿռѷ֮У漴ڸԪսϡ
ҶǳܣɵĵӣҲ½ɵսϡ
СӣΪȻô࣬ʵӴһԪһ۾ͿҶǳΪʱһ֮ɫ
Ĳ̵ӣҲĽؿҶǳҲһεΪҶǳһô࣬ȴûС
ϣҶǳЦ˵ҲֻãõһЩʥӣΪôࡣ
ߣԶһһ
ôλ벽𣬶ֻǵõ˼ӣǷҶǳȴõ˶ʮţܲģҲܼʡ
ʥ
Ԫ漴̾ȺСǺãû뵽˾ʥҪ磬ûȺСһķݡ
Ҷǣ
ڴʱһԶЯſֲƣضڶ
һڲ̵ӣǸоһѪڡ
ҶǳתͷȥõĴϣԦսǰԶ
ɵսҲʻ˹
ԪĿһɨ漴õĴϣ˵ʲô˼Ҳ̺۸𣿡
õĴŭ˵µ˵ˣǲ̵ĵҶǳͻȻ֣ɱһλӣӶ÷Ƴȥ׷ɱȴˣǸҶǳ
ЦԪŭЦȵǲϺͿˣȲ˵õķǲҶǳɱģɱģôɵжԣѵµµӺȲǲ̵ĵӣҲвõĵУǷƼˣֵ˭
õĴͨ죬֪Ԫ˵ʵֻЩĶѣһɫ˵ƼˣˣҲΪҶǳСʵɱƣ϶ǵһλ𡣼Ȼʲôòͷ¶βģҳˣʲô𡣡
𣿡Ԫԣɨһڲ̵ӣ漴ֿҶǳҡͷǲ̵ĵӾ˭ôб
ߣԪţҪΪֻǲһǲɱһλ벽Ҫ˶ãõ˾ͻɱǲλ벽𡣡õĴϴһԦս˺գ뿪˵ء
Ԫû뵽ǲֳһλ𣬲СˣҲҪȥܳΪǿߡŵĴɭȻһЦҲµӣԦսȥ
𣿺ǺǣħıɱϣҪһˡħĴϹЦԦսȥ
֣ҲˡһҲ뿪ˡ
жʱֻʣ²̵ˣвԶĴŵˡ
ŵĴɫޱ̤նĿɨ̵һڵӣֿ˸Ԫ֣Ǵſǲһֱãµδ̫˰ɡʲôףѵһҲˣǿǴŵİ벽𰡣ɱˣôȥɽ
ԪоЩͷۣ֣黹ûе˵ǲ̵ĵɱˮδ̫˰ɣõˣ뻹ҶǳǴŵˣҶǳɽãɲΪһЩͽֻħ֮
ŵĴɫ˭ɱ벽𼶱ˮõķƣ
Ԫҡͷ¶Ҫһ֤ݣΪɻ侲Ȼȥ֮󣬸ѯʸµӣ澿ʲô飬ٻ̸¡
ã֣ҽ͸һӣϣǲܹǴһŵĴҲ֪κβҶǳһԦսµĵȥ
ԪĿԶȥֻоͷޱȣЩ鷳ˡ
õں˶ʹŽǲ̲
һ˼϶ôħʱȻᴦ·硣
գԪɵתҶǳĿضʵǷƺˮǲɱģ㲻õģ츳ģǲҲͷ㣬ֻõĴ
ԣһڲ̵ĵӣҲؿҶǳ
һӣ۾Ҷǳ
ˮޱȽš
ǣ
ΣҶǳҡҡͷʹˣβ²⣬ǲϣó֤˵


955 ع
Ҷǳ֮ԲϣҲǲ벹̸˺Ͼڴֻǲ²⣬û֤ݣǲκεġ
ˣȻȥ˵
Ҷǳһ޶ԵӣԪҡͷһ̾漴Ԧս̡
̵ӣڿҶǳʱЩηҶǳǲ𣬵Ҷǳ˿̵ʵѾԽǡ
Զһӡˮ;ۼһ໥̸
ʦ֣˵𵽵ǲҶǳü
һԲһ޵вεţһӿԽ˰벽𣬴ﵽΣп𣿱˵ʥЩˣǴ˵еҲûֹЧ
Ǵʦ֣ǲ̵ӣҶǳ⣬˿ɶһڷʱ򣬸ûеҲųλǲ̵Ŀܡˮ˵
һӳҲ𣬲ǲ̵ģȻȥ֮ǰѸνЩӵϢȫռλ𵽵˭Ҷǳİ֣һҪȻҶǳԸǣǾˡ
Ǹθʦ𽻴ǵʦܱҶǳɱˣۿģû֤ݣҲκβ
ʦȥϰɣڵĹؼ⣬ǲҶǳλݣҪġһҡҡͷһڰе𣬻ĵˣȻе
ԶҶǳɨһһۣ㲻ٶ࿴
ڵ֮УʵҲûˣû뵽ɱˮ֮һӾȻ̵ĵӶۼߣûлᶯˡ
Ͼǲ̵ĵӣܹܲػɱһӰɡ
ңҲԸȻɱһһ̵ӣһӡ
ԣҶǳŻĿ˷ϣһˣԺлȥˣѾˡ
ϥҶǳռγռռڴﵽ磬ֻҪԼռˡ
ĵ·ѾˣֻҪͰؿޱˡ
һ죬վ½۷塣

ս˺գһ޴ĳǳأʱ˵
ǲǡ
һνٲǣҶǳпѡ
ʮʱֻһһս񣬶ѾսԲǿˡ
ңֻҪҶǳԸ⣬ʱ̤ս񾳽硣
Ϊһ벽𼶱ţսΪɱս񣬿ھսǰǿߡ
ʵȻ˵վ½۷壬Ѿ½ǿ֮УΪһҲΪ֮
䣡
޴սһڲ̵ӷ׷Ԫ漴ս
ֻսϵС˸Ԫģ漴ʧ
ȥȺŻˡ
ǵϢǿˣջ϶ܴ󡣡
һЩˣȥҲΣգѹִϲȥ

ڣһЩ̵ĵӣҶǳǽ٣¶ĽĿ⣬۷׷ס
Ҫչأɻרѯйص֮з飬Ҫʵش𡣡
ԪĿɨһۣǶ࿴˼Ҷǳɫ˵
˽ǵ˵ͷ漴ɢȥ
Ҷǳصڲǵסѩǲóռ䷨ּϢȥѯǵλá
ǽϢȴ޷͹ȥ
ţ
ʲô
Ҷǳʱɫ䡣
æ̽Լأ롢ѩǵȱжʱ˿
ռ䷨ּ޷ϢڵĵطĲһռ䣬˵ڵڣ½ͬĿռ䡣
Ҷǳг
ͬʱַϢӺ룬ɷȥ
Ȼ˵һȥģӦöһֻǲ֪ںεء
ѵʲô
Ҷǳ˼ţ½ޱߣǺģֻǲ֪ǷΣգЩġ
ôҲûãϾѩ˵ٶ֪ôôң
ϣܹƽҶǳ̾һֻȻʰ飬ǰ̵ĵ硣
һ磬ҶǳûлԼׯ԰ֱȥݷԼʦΪ
ʮʱȥˣʦΪѾȹԼľ硣
ȻҶǳ˵صʱΪ㴫ˡ
ͽˣɣΪҶǳĶ
Ҷǳ빬ӣ㿴ԼʦΪ
ݼʦ𣡡Ҷǳ
սԲΪоⱬ䣬´һҶǳʱοطҶǳЦ˵ȻûʧΪȻһԾսԲ磬ҹ㾫񶼴ڳʢ״̬ʱս磬԰ɡ
ǺǣʦĸջܴѾʱܹ̤ս񾳽硣ҶǳЦ˵


956 ʦ
úúãΪֻҪϱ֣һûж˿κεˡ
ΪοǰҶǳг͡
ڴʱһӵ⴫
ΪҶǳתͷȥȴǷָԪ̤նܿͳǰ
ϸζлչˡΪЦŶԸԪ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢Щ죬ǵĳƺ˹ϵܺãѹ֮ǰԪܹգһָĽ
һͽܣҪչ˵ġԪҡҡͷ漴Цο˺ܴ鷳
ŶΪһ㶣漴ҶǳЦ˵˵˵θʲô춯ص飿ɱħļ޵вε𣿡
޵вΣ̫СͽˡһԵĸԪƲ
Ϊʱɴ۾޵вΣѵǰ벽𣿺ͽ̤벽𾳽𣿡
Ϊʱһ˷ܵضҶǳ
һԵĸԪҲһЦСӣûˣøӺú˵˵֮з˰ɡ
⡭Ҷǳ¶ԥɫĿȴתԼʦΪ
ԪһĻߵôӣʦ𣬸òӣ
Ϊʱһ֪Լͽο϶ʲô춯صĴ£ʱҶǳ˵Һϸһ벹̵ģҲһ𴳵½֪˶ٴΣֵܣԿΡ
ʦ壡Ҷǳԣʱæ
Ԫߵиʦӱʦꡣ
ʲô꣬ҲͱҴѡΪƲ
ҲǱ󣡡Ԫ۵
ҶǳһЦ˵ǣʦ
£Ҷǳ㽫Լľһһ˵ȻΣҲûʲôɱ飬һһ˵
֮󣬶Ǿþһ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ΣԪһĽؿΪЩʵ˵ϼһôãһͽܰ
ΪֻǸ˵شЦһ⡣
ԪƳһۣһ漴Ҷǳ˵ĲȻˮ̰ҪɱᱦӦɱ½ҪϣܶԵʴȡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷս½ĥô꣬ŲԵʴȡ
һԵΪҲ˵ҲɱĺãİԽ߾Ͳֶεʵɱ˲ٲ̵ĵӣû뵽ĸͽҲѧһֻΪһʦҪɱ㣬ֱħûʲô
ɱãϾû֤ݣҲκβ㡣ңĽͶĶ֣͸ӲˡڰԽǸһԪ˵
һԵΪߵԽҸ㿴ţҵʵѾǰ޹˼ˡ
ͻˣ֮ѹưԽߣؾأΪԪҲ˵
Ҷǳԣʱ࣬ɽǺðҪٹ˼ϱڵв
ɱõķơԪҶǳ˵Ѿħıɱǻ뾡һа취ɱ㣬ģħԼϱǿ߻ɱֻҪһˣǼ𡣡
ΪԼͽܣڴʵͽܻɱ벽𣬲֪ͬεжٰգ
ʦһеƿԷӳεĹҶǳҡͷͬεֻаձߣǲսʤġ
ǺǣܹԱˣϾħҲָοҲҲôɵġԪʱЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷֻҪϱǿ߲֣ͬεκţ壬ҲԱ
Ͼ½ǿ˲Ƶģ˴ԪһټʵǺġ
Ψһ鷳ıǴǱߣĺܴû֤ݣϡԪҶǳЦ˵ֻҪû֤ݣǱҲκβ㣬µĵӰж֡һʱ䣬ʵչֳԽ޵вε츳ȹһʱͿˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲ׼ʱ͵һʱ䣬ʵ̤ս񾳽磬Ǹÿıˡ
⣬ҶǳҲ׼ȥһˣӹ
뵽ҶǳʱһΪ͸Ԫʵʦʦ֪½ҵ𡢺ڰ𡢾׻𣿡
ΪüҪں⵹Ҳãںһʵǿ٣־Ҳõںϲˡֻ˵𣬶ǳϡ٣ºҵõѡ𡣡


957 
ʦΪĻҶǳпЦӵˡϢû˵Ͼ̫ˣԺȻȻ֪ɡ
£ҶǳҡͷʦһЩսҪеһֲɡ
ΪԵ˵ͷ漴˵֮УҲ;׻׵õΪǲ̡Ҫõ׻ֻ·һ̤ΣΪ״ӡһǴﵽս񾳽磬Ϊǲ̵Ĵϡ
Ҷǳʱйʱڣ޷ӵо׻ˡãپ׻ڲ̣ġ
ڰ֪ںڰԨҵʦ𴳵ڰԨʱ򣬼һΡԪһ˵
ΪҲ˵ͷҶǳ˵ǺܾǰҺʦﵽոմﵽս񾳽磬ȥڰԨһκڰ𡣲Ȱ㻹ǲҪע⣬ڰԨ̫ΣˣǺڰڵλøӵΣգȥѻá
Ҷǳ˵ͷ㣬ﵽս񾳽磬ʮս񾳽ʱȥڰԨ
Ϊ˵ʣµĹֻ֪޳ֹпտȥ޴̽һ£ǵòҪ޵ķ̣Ǹɲ⣬ǲ̲ǣֻҪǣҲ㡣
أҶǳ˵ͷʵ
Ϊҡҡͷ
ԪЦʦ𾭳չأ֪Ĳ֪࣬
ŶҶǳʱ۾һԪ
ֻԪЦ˵ڶޣһյһյأʵǿԽȥ˵˾յ֮зпտȥһ
ãʱҾȥ޿һҶǳʱ¶ЦݣһϢˡ
һԵΪѵ壬ǲѷһȥҪС塣
ԪߵҲҪ̫˼ˣֻҪǸ㣬ɱϱǿ߲ҳֵģǲҲǺ۸ġ
Ҷǳ˵ͷʾ̡ܽ

뿪Ϊס
ҶǳصԼׯ԰Ȼʼչ
û죬һǿϢҶǳ汬סԺڵ˶ܵһɳصѹ
ǿϢ
µʵǿˡ
˵»ʱѾﵽսԲ磬Ѿ̤ս񾳽ˡ

ׯ԰ڣһЩЦݵؽ̸ţǶܿģϾԼҵʵԽǿǵĴλҲԽá
Ҷǳ˫ɢϢޱͬ磬ͬ񽣣â¶
Ѿ˳ؽս񾳽硣
ıˣѩǵڻûлʼе㵣ģ½ô꣬ûмСǡ
ҶǳƬ̡
Ҷǳ뿪˵磬׼ȥһѩǵϢܹҵõȥǣҲȥǰӹ
ѩǵһֱãĿǰȫ˵ʲôء
뿪˵磬Ҷǳȥ洫ӾסĵطҲԭȾסĵطΪ̵洫ӣÿһ˶һԺӣǳá
Сڲ𣿡ҶǳóԼĿռ䷨ּһϢԬκ
һԬκͷϢˣҶʦ֣㻹ǽκɣʦãٽҴСҾЩˣھ
Ҷǳ֮΢΢һЦ漴Ԭκӷȥһִǰ
ʱԬκѾš
Ҷʦ֣þòҿǸ㷢˼Ϣȥ֪ѾΪŵӣס˵磬ϢĴݡٺ˵ȥĳˣôջܴɣԬκҶǳЦ˵
ԼѾ͸Ҷǳľ磬ʱ𺳡Ҫ֪ѾսˣѵҶǳѾսŵӵĴô
ջ񲻴ţΪﵽս񾳽ˣ⼸ʮһŬɣҶǳһ۾ͿԬκΪЦ˵
ǵȻˣ̵Ĵôã⼸ʮһֱڿޣڴﵽս񾳽磬׼ȥء
ԬκЦ˵֮ǰûгȥΪ֪Լʵ̫ͣȥΣգֱڽս񾳽磬Ÿҳȥ
սҲ㹻ȥˣҿ㻹Ƕһʱ䣬ýս񾳽ٳȥҲ١Ҷǳ˵
ԬκһЦսһؿôͻƵģҲ׼ȥһûʲôԵ
ⶫأҶǳ΢΢һЦйâһʱһƷ
̺ŵĻĵԬκ̽һ£ʱ۾һ֮ɫ


958 Ϣ
ǵҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴еĵӸԬκЦ˵һս񼶱ĵ㹻ս񾳽ˡ
һɨ˵磬֮ǰնɱˮƵҲõ˲ٵս񼶱ĵкܶ࣬вս񼶱ս񼶱ĵİս񼶱һս񼶱ĵĵ
ԬκĹϵûôãһս񼶱ĵҲǿշķϡ
οûԬκҲͨţӶ벹̡
ʣµĵȴս񼶱ϵĵҪԼ֮⣬㶼׼͸ѩΪ
ս񼶱ĵǼֵްԬκСؽӹеĵ漴̧ͷҶǳЦջܴҾͲˡ
˵꣬зǳģս񾳽ˮˡ
츳ټսΪôȥ㰲ȫˡ
Ͼ½ս񼶱Ϊߣϲǲ̵ĵӣֻҪħ֮ˣٶһӡ
ˣҶʦ֣֪²֪ʲô飿Ԭκ֮󣬱Цʵ
ҶǳҲʱ䣬ֱӿ˵ʲô˳Ҵ˵׼׼̡
򵥣ϸҸ״Ԭκ΢΢һЦ漴һóռ䷨ּһĽ˵ãѣݵλ׾٣Ҫͨ˵ġ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦԬκ˵ĲŵӵݣȷԴһЩ̣Ҫͨʲô˵ġңŵֱ˳Ϊ̵ŵӣֱһ졣
ˣ
ԬκĿռ䷨ּȻһɨռ䷨ּ¶ּ漴ҶǳЦѾ̤ս𾳽磬˸ߵȰ塪ر䣬ʱ׼̣˵пտȥǿ
ر䣿ҶǳɫͻȻŹ֪ϵߵȰر䣬һˣǾܱ仯Ϊصһ֣ڵڴ֮ΣͬˮΣϷһ
ʣһͨԺȥ׷Ѱġҵػ˳˳ˮˣ½Ĺ¾Ҫˡ
ðɣ˵һᾡȥһˡҶǳ漴˵
Ԭκ˵ͷڿռ䷨ּһ֣㷢Ϣռ䷨ּҶǳ˵ǵʱ˵һ£ҸҸ״к
ãҶǳ˵ͷ漴ӻֵһ飬һˡ
ţԬκ˵ͷ漴Ҷǳȥŷӣ׼չ
Ҷǳû뿪洫סĵطԬκֱ֮󣬱ͷųԼӴƬסɨȥ
һ̣һ洫ӵϢӦ֮С
ʲôˣ
ǿϢ
Ȼ޼ɵ̽洫Ӿסĵط˭Ҳ̫˰ɣ

ܵҶǳӴϢѹдڴ˵ص洫ӣ׷׾ѣһ뿪ӣڿն
Щ˶ŷŭĿ⣬Ͼ˭ʱ򣬱˾ѣеˬ
ʱҶǳ͸ܵ˷һҴŷŭâ̱ĸо
ߣ
Ҷǳʱⱬһĵ棬Я޵е־ݿֱ࣬ײһɨ

һ洫ӷ׷ƺһ˶оһѪڣ۾ڴʹ
̫ǿˣ
жǾҲҶҶǳ
˭ʶӣٹңʱҶǳóԼŵӵƣ߶ʱͷųһɶصѹ
ŵӣ
˻
ѹôǿ󣡡
һ洫Ӷʱ¶֮ɫ׷׶Ҷǳ񣬽Եʦ֡
ͬʱһӰηҶǳǰɥ˵Ҷʦ֣Щҿûȥѩʦõ鷳дҰɡ
ӣҶǳһ̣ڱѩҶǳѵһ١
ӻԼҲΪ洫ӺȥҶǳ𣬵յҶǳΪŵӵϢʱ˱뷨˺ȥѩǸ
񣬿ҶǳصȻеľǳ¡
ģҲ鷳ġ
Ҷǳǰǳηӣ˵㣬֪˭ǸѩĹϵ˵޻̸Ĺϵǲ̡
Ϊѩ뿪ʱҲԼĺ˵һ£ܴѩǵ١


959 
ν˽ˣѣǱǵˡ
ӴǰȻһֱѩ鷳ô϶ѩ˽⣬ҶǳϢ
ԭҶʦʻİһҶǳĻӶʱ˿æ˵Ҫ˵˭ѩʦùϵãǿ϶ʦܺ;ʦð
ҵȻ֪𣿰롢ĽõˣңҶǳ˵
æ˵һӣʦܣһŵӣǺֵܡšʦöУû˵ʲôѡѩʦҲˣǲ֮󣬾һֱ˽ύ
ţ֪ˣھʹȥλʦܡҶǳ˵ͷ漴
ǣҶʦ֣æǰ·
һ洫ӾηĿУҶǳŵӾסĵطһһӵĴţʦܣʦ㣬
֨
Ŵһ϶˿Ӻֹ˴š
㡭Ӹ뷢𣬵뵽Ҷǳں棬ʱڨڨ˵ʦܣҲ鷳ģʦ㣬ĺѡһλʦ֡
ʦ֣ԣʱһ϶ӺҶǳ󣬲ɵ۾һæ˵ʦ־˵Ҷʦְɣ
æ˳
Ҷǳʱ֣һŻɫ۵Ĵӣһֻ޴ħһһѷ⣬·ⶼγˡ
λҶʦ֣
˵գתҶǳҶʦ֣зԸûеĻҾȸˣ̸ˡ
ţ߰ɣõģֻҪ㲻ȥѩ鷳Ҳ鷳ġҶǳ˵
ǣæͷȴݺݵ˿ڲĵˡ
ȥҶǳǰĴ˵ʦܣǽȥ˵ɡ
Ҷʦֿ룡æǰ·
ŵӾסĵطͱ洫Ӿסĵطˣֻһӣҿռ䲢ֻһһǱڿ¡
Ҷʦ֣ª֮Ҷʦˡ˵ЩͽţϾǰλһλŵӣڲ̵ĵλȳϣһڵ֮ס
ÿ˾һ顣Ҷǳ˰֣漴Ц˵ѩоǳȥˣ֪ɣ
֪Ȼ֪æͷǰǻҳȥһֻһս񾳽磬óȥǣˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲǰֻһս񾳽磬һսԲս񾳽ҲԶˡ
ȻǴɣǳŵӻ࣬ӵΪĶֻܿʱȥۡ
У洫Ҫöˣʯܹҿ԰һλΪʦΪ΢һ㡣ͬԬκ̼ʮ꣬Ѿŵӣ̤ս񾳽硣
ӦҲпռ䷨ּɣ
Ҷǳ˵ҵĿռ䷨ּϵǣ˵Ŀռ½֮⣬֪Щϵ֮ǰҪȥ
ԭǴ°Ҷʦ֣Ҳڵءʦ֮ܳǰθ˵ˣ׼ȥ֡شﲩħڶ࣬ʺսµʿһʼǻЩϵθ˵ˣջܴ󣬻ҿϹȥˣ׼ս񾳽͸ϹȥʮǰҾҲûյϢˣͬʱҲÿռ䷨ּ޷Ϣˡ
֣
Ҷǳüͷһ壬֪طڲһЩ伮֮мأȷʺսµʿ
ңдţ֮Уʥ֮һĵһ塣
ֻôҲδҵһ塣
½ʥطֱʥ͵һ塣
פɽʥפʥɽλݣɽ
һʥصһ壬ȴ½صһʥأôû֪һ嵽ֻ֪֮С
ֲһɽ֣һƬɽɵķ֣ɽڶ࣬ССɽ壬мǧħޣΪֹûҵһλá
Ҷǳ֪֮вûжռ䣬ôôʧأ
֪ʧĵַҶǳǰĺʵ
ҡҡͷǲܰѵַ߱˵ģȻǺѣңѩʦ;ʦҲδػңҲѵַҡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ֪˵ĶԣȷܰԼĵַ߱ˣһĻ⣬ǶԼΣա
ֻһֻȥѩˣôҪҵˣҲڴ룬ҶǳЩͷۡ


960 ¥
ӣҶǳ׼ǰ֣뿪ӵӺƳ˲ԶһǰһŮڽ̸ʲô
ŮҶǳҲʶǵѩʱеǸŮӣѵĹҡ
Ҷǳûǣ׼뿪̸ȴǴĶУϾʵǿ󣬼źԶֻҪһ죬õ
ֻӶŮʵ֪Ǻʲôö𣿼ǵʮǰʱһսڵΪҸղſѾ̤һսԲˣϾҪս񾳽ˣΪٶδҲ̫˰ɡ
ŮҡͷҲ֣Ҳ˴˵˿ȥǵİ¥ΪٶȾͿʼǡ
ߵȥ¥ǿ϶ȥϢˣǷϢõһʯǵ츳Ϊô졣
˵Ҳǣ츳ʹﵽս񾳽ˣҲһЩſʼΪǡŮЦһ漴ҪҪõֶΣʯŪ
죡ӵһۣ׳գǺѣҶʦɽ㻹鷳𣿡

ԶҶǳǵ̸ӺȻһ
ԺУϵػ𷽲뺫ӵ̸Ǻӵ飬һһΣԺС
һҶǳɫҲ
һѣѣȡ棬ǺǣΣҶǳЦһ
Ѿ²ˣû֤ݣǺҲϵġ
ȻŵӣԷϣҲڲǱȶԷ
ȻҶǳҲԼİ취ǵĴ¶ԼƣֱӴǡ
Ϊ̵ŵӣڲǣô
ңǵĴ󣬻ϿԴ͵ݵκһħƹܵĳǳء
ǣһĳǳأɰ¥ġ
¥ҲһħҪĿıǷϢͬʱҲչϢһ̻ᣬΨһƷϢ
ৣ
âһ
ȴӴ߳ҶǳѾ˰ǡ
Ƿǳ֣кܶ࣬ɵӣҲɢޣĶУֱɽ˺
Щ˶Ϣġ
ǧСϢʱһϢֵޡ
Ҷǳ¥̽ϢǿҪܴĴ۲ܵõ
Ҫ֪ЩϢǿʯ򲻵ģҪֱܽ
֪ͬĳֵܴϢǾͿ¥õһ档
õ˵ɢ޷ĳ磬ʵ޷磬ǾֻܰѵλõϢ¥ȡһ档
Ȼɢõ棬ǾͲֵһˡ
¥ֻҪһۣܵõһ磬Լ̽Щɣջ񶼷ǳ޴
ˣϢһʱ⡣
Ȼ¥ʵҲɲ⣬Ҳû˸Ҵ¥ע⡣
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ǰȹŮһʱЦݣҶǳһ䡣
Ҷǳ֮󣬺ȹŮһ裬Ȼ󹧾ʵ֪ǰҪʲôϢ
ˣ㿴Ҷǳһָգӿʱ۳ӵģ
ȹŮӼ״ϸźӿ
ʮǰһΰ¥һϢҪ֪ʲôϢҶǳ˵
ȹŮüǰӦ֪ǰ¥Ҳй涨ģ͸¶ҵϢĻԺ˭Ϣǰ¥
Ҫ˵ЩϻҶǳһȻóһս񼶱ĵ˵ս񼶱ĵңʱʲôϢ
ȹŮһҶǳеĵĿ֮г̰
ǰԵƬ̣ȹŮ漴ɫܿͱˣ˵ת뿪ӡ
ҶǳһЦ¥ΪʲôɣʲôƨԣֻҪ㹻Ĵۣ¥ͻҪϢ
ⲻûãȹŮӾʹһϸϹˡ
ǰҪϢȹŮ漴еϽҶǳ
Ҷǳùϣ㽫еĵӸȹŮӣȻۿ
һɫʱ
Ȼ¶ˡ
ִʱ򣬵ȷѵַ˺ӣϾ֮ǰȥһ𴳵ӱʾԼڽսٸ֡
ԣȻҲͰԼڵλø˺ӡ
ֻû뵽ӻΪһ棬ͰǵλϢ¥
Щɢ޵λϢȷһֵûУǲ̵ĵӣһŵӡ
ħĵ˵ܹɱ̵ŵӣǾһݴͣȥڻȡһЩ
ԣ¥ҲỨѴǮչһЩɵٵϢħĵӣǶչ
չħչħһ㰵¥ú


961 ħϮɱ
ҶǳɫЩϣȻǰĺȹŮӣ˵Ҫ̵֪䣬У˭Ϣ
ȹŮӳĬ
ҶǳЦһٶ׳һս񼶱ĵ
ȹŮӶʱЦݵ˵ħĵӣҲ֪Ǻ̵ܽ䣬ǺܴҲܹϣӹǼħӵϮɱħߡ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬Ȼ˵Ƚϰȫʺսµʿô֣ȻҲмյأħ֮߱һ
ȻħߣҲûж½ռ֮⣬ôѩʧأ
Ҷǳɻ󣬿ǰĺȹŮӣüȷħߣ
ǰģǰ¥ȥϢȷģҲǰ¥½ĸȹŮ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ¥Щ޳ܣϢ棬ǽġϾȥƷǼٵģԺ˭Ϣ
һԽǴ˾ƷԽҪΪЩ˾Ŀһأôľ־ͻʧȥһҹ֮䵹ա

뿪˰¥Ҷǳֱӳ¥Ĵǰ֡
ǳصת֮Ҷǳִ֡
½Ȼޱߣȴǿһڵִκһطһ㵹Ǳս½Ҫˡ
ǰǳ׳۵֣Ҷǳɵø̾
־벹Ҳ֪ж·̣ʱ͸ϵˣôʵ̫ˡ
ȻҶǳҲ˲ƣ˲Ƶľ룬ȴԶԶȲϴĴ;롣
ǵҶǳﵽ磬˲ƾ룬ܱȵϴ
ৣ
Ҷǳַȥռеĵͼ˲Ƹħߡ
ַǳ׳ۣһƵɽ壬ΡͦΣֱϣ̴񷣬һ񽣡
ףвˣ
Ҷǳ̽ӶӦ˲ʿ֮дΪս£мﵽսġ
Ҳ־ʺȼʿԸɵĵӣһЩɢޣﴳ
ҶǳΪ̫ɨǣӦӦмӦģҲҳͷŵöڶ֮УϾҶǳ̫Ӵˡ
ৣ
˲ƵٶȺܿ죬֮ҶǳԽһɽ壬ִħߡ
ħֵļյ֮һʵħҲһɽ壬ֻɽںɫħ֮Уħǳ£ǿҵĸʴԣΪûдﵽս񾳽磬ֵסɸʴԣᱻֱӻˮ
սħ֮УҲֲ˶á
ˣ̤ħߡ
һЩǿħߣһЩʵǿħ⣬ûʲô
Ҷǳħ֮ħ߷˼ȦͣĳطŵһЩսĺۼ
кϢƬµңġ
Ҷǳ۲֮󣬱ȷѩһ
ӦǱ׷ɱȻ·ӣҪħ֮аѵˡ
ȻҲпǲжԷԹħߣħ߶ء
ѩӵкԵֵħеħʴܴҶǳ΢΢Ц
漴ħߣʧħ֮С
ڴʱӰħǰȫźɫۣߣԵúء
СӽȥˣԶˣ
Ӧûвٵ
ֻǲ֪һɵģ
ĸɵģħ֮ɱ˭֪

˵̸漴һħߡ
ȻǸոսħߵʱһڰɫˮīӭǾ֮Уȫֽȥ
䣡
µĽⱬлӿԿõǸˮīϵˣĸֱӱһն룬ѪǺɫģȾһƬ
ʣµһˣһȻ˻˳Ҳܵˣϵ߶նˣ¶һŴѪ۵ס
ǰ¥ˣǰ¥ߺ󣬾ͰҵϢתˣҶǳ˵
ؿҶǳ𾪵ҲսĸսȻ˲ɱҲˣɵŵӣ
ǰս񣬴ĸսΧɱҶǳԭΪ׾ٵسɹû뵽ȴԷһлɱˣˣ޶εš
ݣӵ޵вεţҲֻˡ
û뵽ԼôȻһ޵вεţҪ֪ô󣬴ԲŶ˵޵вεˡ
Ҷǳڲ̲ܹӴôĳţ̫ˣ磬ɲôš磬һͨλ񣬶ǿˣһЩλ۷塣
Բ޵Уڰ벽ǶǺϡٵġ


962 ռ䶴
ҵݶûд͸Ϯɱңǿ϶ǰ¥ˡ˵ɣʲôˣҶǳЦ
¥½ô꣬¶ǳǺڳԺڣȴԷݣ׶֡
һ֣˵Ѿ˱ʤİգϢй¶ӶӰǰ¥
ԣҶǳŻΪ˲ǰ¥ģܿǰ¥˰Ϣˡ
ݣ󲿷Դ󶥼¢ϣʣµҲһɡɰѳ֣Ծ˸һЩҽ飬Ǻġ
ϾΪðյضɣ˵ɱ˷Żˡ
λӣȫᣬǲ֪ɵĵӣĵӣҲɱɵĵӡ
ǰĺæЦ
ǴҽҲҪԷݣڴɵĵӣǿǲҶϾɵ̫Ӵˣǣݶǵ֮أһͨ޴
᣿Ȼᣬ߰ɣһҶǳ˵
ɫһϲæ˵лл˵꣬ת뿪ȥ
ָ
Ҷǳӱһָˣڵָâᴩգһ磬񷡣
ָǲ̵ˣ
ϺзԼǰ۳һףͬһɽŨǳʯʻˣֵסǺɫָâ
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һǳҫۣҪҪӶһǰŤˣռ飬ĩյϢŭӿ
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Ҷǳ̤һնɱֲĽħڷڣΧħɢޱߵĽѹȵĴ
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ɫһ䣬ǰױһ飬ƥĽܵѹë̲ס
㲻˵ҪŹΪʲôһߵֵһ߳Ҷǳŭ
ҶǳЦɱ˾ɱɱ˾ģֺ𣿼ȻһУǾ͵бɱľ򡣡
£һ貵ĽâӴħߡ
Щâһ񽣵壬񷣬ƥĽƬţ޾ѹ
磡
ҶǳһϢµ򣬽棬һѰ񽣣źɱȥ
㡭
۾ɵϴŵؿҶǳЦȻǰ벽𼶱ţû뵽ҾȻϮɱ벽𼶱ţĲԩĲԩ
δ˵꣬Ѿâ˺Ƭ
һս񼶱ǿߣҶǳԽɱ
Ҷǳȣ޵вεţԽԿս񣬶벽츳ԽɱսҲ
⻹ûб¶ʽսɱһս͸ˣ綼Ҫá
ߣ¥
Ҷǳһ漴ɨսеƷͬʱҲ鿴ǵƷ
ò˵ĺǿưսս񣬱ڵɱһɵӶ硣
ɢްЩҲȡʺԼĶʵ
Ҷǳ̾ҡҡͷѹЩ˸ЩҽĹɢȱԴôǸﲻսս񾳽硣
ʵϣѾɢеľˡ
Ҷǳǵ֮еһЩƷ֪һ˵͸죬һɢҲͷˡ
ѩǵ
ɨսҶǳų̽ħÿһƬ
Ͼ;ħħޣһЩսս񼶱ħޣлмս񼶱ħޡ
Щͼս˵ȷһյأЩħҶǳУֱӾͿɱ
һ·ѪɽҶǳֽɱ˽ȥħ߽߳Ѱѩµĺۼ
úһʯǰӦһ˿ϢȻѾ΢ˣȴӲҶǳĸӦΪҶǳӵкȻԺ
ѩǹȻ
Ҿʧġ
Ҷǳͣھʯǰ̽Ƭصף鿴һУʼҲκټҲҲκĵط
Ҷǳû뿪Ȼ˺ϢǾ˵ѩһ
ˣ𣡡
ȻҶǳ۾һ⸡֣ӶƬ
ͬʱҶǳƬʼһ֮С
ţȻնڣ
ͻȻҶǳӦĳ֮Уһڵźʱɫһϲ˺գڵȥ

һ̣һƬ޾ɷĺڰ磬Ҷǳ֮С


963 
ŨɷֱȵϹսˡҶǳ𾪣ͬʱͷų壬ֵɷ
֮úֵɷΪҶǳն֮󣬷ĳطĺ
ȻҶǳź֮ϵɫ磬Ȼĳȥ
ҶǳѹƣͷųЩѾȥˡ
ѩǽӦȥˡҶǳ뵽漴̽һƺһʱĳȥ
Ҷǳ۾һæŷȥ
˼£ҶǳΧɷԽԽŨ񣬷·ԼҪִĵطնɷԴͷ
ǡ
ȻҶǳͫŵɴ۾
ʲô
һӴʬ壬Ρɽһ㣬Ʈ֮С
ȫëɢһŨɷܵĿռ䶼Ťˡ
ʬ˿̱ɫľ⣬һ޴ɫȨȣʬüġ
Ҷǳϵĺ̲סɫȨȷȥȻС
Ҷ磡
Ҷ֣
ȻϤǰɫ֮д
Ҷǳһʱعǰľ޴ʬϸȥڷǱ޴ɫȨȺ棬߳ϤӰѩ;ˡ
û£Ҷǳʱ˿漴ǰ߾޴ʬȥ
ɵסʬɫǰҶǳʱͣסŲ̽ȥֻоһɱĺ˳ָϯһ˲Ͱ˸ˡ
أ
Ҷǳڵ̫͵رڵĺɢϵĽҲ˲ѡ
ĺ̫𣬿¸ղžͻᱻˡҶǳ𾪣һ
Ҷ磬úסȫɽѩ˵ʱһֱһַֻǾ޴ɫȨȣƺ޷뿪һ
Ӻ뵹Ƿ˹
Ҷǳͷ漴̫𣬶úȫǰľȥ
Ȼ岻赲˳ؽС
һУûкˣҶǳҲ˺
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Ҷǳߵǰǵ˰¥汻ħ׷ɱѾˣȻȥ֮ұ㽫֤ݵݽɣǺӲʲô³ġ
Ҵ½ʶѣĽˣû뵽Щʧ˵һοˡ
ϲ⣬Ѷ϶ԺǧҪαˡҶǳҡͷ
˵ͷ̾һǵһǣһѵˡ
Ҷǳǰľ޴ɫȨȥһʵʲôطѩʲô
ӴӦһӡ֮أ֪ΪʲôѾ˽ˡǱħǿ׷ɱòӽħ֮Уû뵽ǾȻ׷Һѩзִ˵أǽˡ
ǿһǳԽսεǿʹõĵ֮
ָǰľ޴ɫȨȣ˷ܵѩǳãӵкԵõϿɣѾΪˡ
ŶҶǳ𶯣Ҳ˵ǿǵõǳֲ
ǲΪʲôôǿ󣿾Ϊӵһǲ̴ʼ˲뿪½ģǲ֮
½Ƶָ
֪Ҷǳ֪ѩӵһжô𾪡
ֹǺðֱֱŮĻҶǳ̲ס̾
ѩ˼ЦЦɫЩ԰ףƺķ˺ܴ
Ҷǳɵʵڴ߶ɣΪΣǼȻû£Ϊʲô뿪˵أ
ѩѹһˣָŵµľ޴ʬ壬ѩõ֮֮󣬱㷢ʬָһˣƺ֮󣬱Ҫʵǳ£ڲȷҵ£Ҳԣѩ߶֮һֱѹˣֻʮѩѾˡ
ʬ֮оȻˣҶǳȣ漴̽ʬ̽ȥӦʬڲɷŨ
ŨɷģȻһѪɫţ͸һϤϢǳǿľ

ҶǳһиӾˡ
ϤϢǣڹսˡ
ûв´ѪɫˣǵйһսѪޡ
ĲˣǾˡ
Ҷǳ漴µؿ˵


964 
Ѫ޵ʵǳ£ǱҶǳʹˣҶǳδĶ֡
ңͨղŵĹ۲죬ҶǳִѾս񾳽磬ϵϢǳֲȫ֮¡
һ̤벽εĿֲǿߣһս񼶱һɱԣѩ˱ɡ
ãѩõһѪʱ򣬽ѹסˣӶӹһ١
Ҷ֣ʶˣ뾪ȵ
ӺѩҲҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵μսʱڹսһʤʱˣȻҶĶ֡ңղҹ۲ʱ򣬷Ѿսˡ
ս񣡡
ɫһ䡣
Ȼ֪Ѫ޺ǿѩ߶ɱԷֻû뵽ԷѾǿս񼶱ˡ
ô죿ѩѾˣһˣǾˡ漴һǵ
ѩ֮æҶǳ˵Ҷ磬ãһѹˣú뿪
Եҡͷ˵Уǲܶ㡣
ҲͷȣôȥҪһˡ
ѩǿߣһܱȴһҪáҶ磬ߣˡ
Ҳߣһƨڵϡ
Ҳҡҡͷ
ѩɵЦ
ǵĶԻһԵҶǳɵЦݣ̶Ц˵ǲҪżˣȻˣǻʲô
ţ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ҲҶǳ֮⣬Щŵصɴ۾Ҷ֣ڵΪǣ
ս񣡡Ҷǳ΢΢Ц
ʲôһԣѩŴС죬𺳡
Ҳ𾪲ѣ漴ЦΪҽս֮󣬻ľ룬û뵽Զˡ
Ҷ֣ôİеİŸһΡ㵹ãֱԾս񾳽硣뾪̾
Ҷǳ΢΢Цǰǲ̷һ磬Ҳȥˣõ˲ٱΪ˺ܿ졣ˣһʣºܶȻز̺󣬾͸ǽս񾳽Ҳס
ҿҶǷ˰˷ܡ
ӿЦ֪ĻǾͲȥˣֱӵˡ
Ҷ磬ҿŲסˣаնԸˣѩûиˣɫ԰׵˵
Ӻɫʱ˶Ҷǳ
Ҷǳǵ˵ͷ˵ɱĻûаգǻһЩա˵޷Ҳаմȥ
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ѩ˵ôҶ磬Ҫ֮ˣټ߶ȥҾҪˡ
ɣҶǳЦ˵СѾͷ̫ˣԺΪҶĶ֡
ѩӡ漴ǰȨȱѸСѩСȻâһڡ
ϧ֮޷ٸʹãȻҶʹã׻ɱˡѩЩź˵
ҶǳҡͷЦ飬Լͬ㣬ϵõ޷߶ŵʵ
һԵľ˵͸һûսʵ޷ǿֻܵȴѡˡ

Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴Ӧ޴ʬɫ΢΢һ䣬˵˿Զ˵أѩָʵȻõסǡ
˵꣬Ҷǳóһžʥӵݸѩ˵ȥ֮ԻָΪǵõĲĵ
Ҷ磬Сġ
Ҷ֣Сģ
ѩ˵ͷ漴ͷų𣬴žӺ뿪ڣԶȥ
أ
뿪֮Ҳˡ
һŭĴ漴ʬڲ
ƻҪɱǡ֮У˷ڵɱնڲ
һ̣ʬ徹Ȼվһ޴ħ̤գأħƵֹ
ˣһ𣿡Ҷǳ˺̤գֽ⣬˫磬ǰľ޴ʬЦ˵
㣡
޴ʬ嶢ҶǳзһŭĴ𣺡㣬һģҪ֮彫ɣȴƻҷģһҪ
Ѫ޳׷ˣ˵ЩˣȻŭ˼㡣
һڹս˹ؼʱ̣Ҷǳƻˣ¹һ˲ء
һΣȴѩƻˣǹһ
ֱǲ֮


965 ħ
֮壡
Ѫ޵ĻҶǳɵ𶯣ѹѪ޻ôŭԭԷӵ֮ķš
֮ģҲкɵģѪӦߺɵġ
޾ɷ֮壬ɱ¾ĹʣһɣʵǿޱȣܹΡ
ϴڹս֮壬ȴǱҴˡһΣֱѩǴϡ
ҶǳɵһЦȷǲԣĻҲ޲ɱˣֱǲ֮
ȥɣ
Ѫ޾ȻٿӴʬ壬Ҷǳһȭ޾ɷγɾϯǵأǲ񷡣
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޴ʬ̤ͬԶħѲԼأӴϢأⷽնڲ
ʬ޴ȭͷ·һǳ׹ЯſֲĶܣޱߵܣٶȺܿ죬ڿ֮ĦѤõĻ档
һȭԶѩ˶ܵ˾޴ѹ·඼ʯѹţЩŵüˣѩǾ֮֡
ռȭ
Ҷǳӭǰʬȭͷɱȥʩչռȭ޾壬ӭϣϮ£ӥգսǿޱȡ
ȭȭȭȭһռ̺УʹҶǳһȭƥ
أ
һ̣ΧնըˣռŰ
ҶǳСȭͷǰʬĴȭͷݺݵײһԳƵȭͷǱֲشײϯޱߵܡ
䡭
ըڶƥˣڲϵɢȥ
ԶԶȥ·һ޴УǾ޴ʬ壬Ҷǳ档
벽𣡡֮УѪ޾ȵʵȻҲﵽһ
ǺǣڽҲҶǳЦ˵
Ѫ޷ŭ벽ѣƻ֮壬̤𾳽磬ΪӣͣǸҪȫȥ
䣡
Ѫ޳׷񣬲ϵغҶǳһǼȭͷſֲѣռ顣
ͣ
Ҷǳ𶯣ԭλǰߵ֮Уȴλӵлƽʥ֮⣬һ˾ȻѪޡ
ҲԣѪֻҪ֮壬ǾѹֻᱻС
ѪٴʧˣҲﵽ˰벽𾳽硣
ħȭ
ȻѪ޴һȭƷ仯޾ɷն˷ϯǰ߾޴ʬȭͷϡ
һ̣ʬͬһ̫ħˣǿֲƣѹҶǳЩϢ
ħȭѵʬǰһħҶǳо
ʱѩҲҶ磬ʬǰһħ֮һսͬھ֮ǰ֮ѹħʬΪħʬܻԺ󻹻
Ҷǳ԰û뵽Ȼǿͬھˡ
ǿߣվ½۷壬뿪½ˣû뵽Ȼģ֡
Ҷ磬̫𣬶ħΪƣӦÿԴݻѩǵõ̺֮Զż䣬֪ôࡣ
̫𣿺ǺǣиõĶԸ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴̧ƣתƣĵħӡʱƥĽ⣬ޱߵķǺƺƵն
ⶫħģ
ҶǳһħӡǳŶľ޴ʬѹȥħӡзɳһe֣ʬͷϿѹ
ͣ
ħʬһħӡѹƣʱͬˮ˻϶ð˺޾ķ⽫ȫڻ
ֶΣ㲻ǰ˲𣿡
Ѫ𾪵
ǳʹҶǳս֮ҲصشҶǳĸɣֶΣȻ׾پͲ鵽Ҷǳ˲̡
Ҷǳܾ飬ˡ
ڣҶǳȻ˷ֶΣǳ𺳡
Ǻǣһսɣʬ֮ûõġҶǳЦ߶ħӡѹħ
ͬʱų̫أħʬȼ
ؿõħʬѾҪܲסˣڱ
ǿҲֵסʱʴʬ嶼Ѿڼǧ꣬͸ñˡҶǳЦ
ǲħߵɢɷ÷ԲڵһΪǿ߿ᱻɱ
ǹȥǧ꣬ʬɷѾɢˣҲܻŽħߡ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡Ѫ˵漴˺ħʬؿڣз˳
һѪɫһֱҶǳµĵâＸǧɣ˺أա


966 ʮħ
޴ħʬ壬ħӡݻ٣ֱ̫ջ٣ĲѾ֮Уǳġ
ħʬؿڳѪޣӶеѪɫɱҶǳ
ʵǿ󣬴ﵽս񼶱𣬱ǰ벽Ҷǳ½ǿĶ֡
Ҷǳη壬Ѿ벽𾳽磬Ҳ̤սΣ㹻ĵ
ռ
Ҷǳһӳҫ죬ƥܱĽںƵĽâϣᴩ硣
䣡
ײһâͽâΧĿռ䶼ɱ֧飬ͬľ档
֮УҶǳѪ޲ϵؼҲɱǵٶȶܿ죬ÿһÿһܶǳֲشս񣬿Զѩ𺳲ѡ
оһЩ϶ѩ־ϲѪ̫ˣϲҶǳҲôǿ
һԵľӸ̾Ҷǰ벽Խܰս񣬶һЩͨĳҲǡսѡ
ڲ̣ս񵽾սֻͨϡֻгԽս񣬲Ǵϡ
ԣҶǳڵʵѾԽͨϣڲ̽ڴˡ
ݣҶǳʵѾԽһЩСɵˡ
޵
Ѫ޵ĴеѪɫԽˣնڵ޾ɷµһ
ѩ˶Ƿ·𿴵˵ħ
Ѫ޵һӵ֮ɱ֮ԩһ֮˻
ڤڤ֮У·Ĵſˣ紵Ƶչս
𣿡
ҶǳЦһҲչԼĽ磬һ񽣣ʱ𣬱鲼ն
һ̣ն˽ĺ󣬳˽硣
ʲô
ǿ
ҶֵĽ˻ֲ̫ˡ

Զսѩ𾪲ѡ
һѰѾ񽣣նŰâգǺƵԩɱĸɸɾ
Ѫ޸ܵ񽣵ΧĽڽڰˡ
Ȼôǿ
ѪЩŵؿҶǳԷʵ̫ˣһμʱֻǴԲ˵˰벽޵Уֳ˰벽ٶе𾪡
ʲôʱ̵ĵôǿˣȻܹ˶̵ʱͳһλ벽𡣶ңԷΪȻҲս񾳽硣
Ҫ֪ܹôս񾳽磬ΪԴ̫ӴˣÿһĵӣֻҪ츳ﵽԲΣӵԽսĵڶʱ̤ս񾳽硣
εţǴߣ˵ӵеԴǽս񾳽硣
ѪħߣĹż֮пļأ֪ɷŨԶսһ̫ħʬ壬֮ɹΡ
û뵽Ȼ⵽ѩ˴ˣһֻǴﵽ벽𾳽硣
һ뵽ʱѪ޾ͷŭޱȣ֮壬Щ˴ϣǻһġ
ɱ
Ѫ޴һӶѪɫһ貵ĵâ뽣񽣼ײ
¡¡
ս˰Ȼ˴˵ڼײ
ҶǳȻʤһϾռ̫ǿˣͬΣԶˡ
Ӧ޵ϧҵռһ㡣Ҷǳ΢΢һЦһӳڰɫˮīӳȥѪסˡ
䣡
ȻѪ޾Ȼ˲ɱ˳ӡħӡǰ˳ݿһҶǳˮī
ǿܣ
Ҷǳɫ䣬Էһսֲ̫ˣռӦȻ˲ͻˮī綼ڱ
ҳǿ󣬵ϧ̫ħ֮бʮǿսʮħ١
Ѫ޶ħӡɱҶǳЦ֮ɫʮǿսû˵ɣʥ⣬󶥼ɣҲûʮǿսͬΣӵʮǿսңɱ㡣
ʮħ٣
Ҷǳ˸ȴʽ֮⣬֪һʮǿսò˵Ѫ޵սȷǿܵΣС
ʮħѾħӡɱ㹻ˡѪ޴Цħӡɱ·𿴵ҶǳħӡĽзǳʹ죬ִñĸо
ȻڴʱҶǳ˫ӳӡ֮һĩ֮
˼ҸպҲһʮǿսֻǲ֪ʮǿսҵʮǿսǿ
ҶǳŶ𾪵ѪޣЦ˵


967 ʱ
ʽ
Ѫ޿Ҷǳٿ۾Ӷɳˣţһˣ𾪵㾹Ȼѷʽˣ
ʮǿսУΨзʽ֪ɶսֻܹۿ޷
Ͼܹһˣģͷǳϡ٣Ҳû˵˳ֹ
Ҷǳģֱţ˵ȥûš
ֻħӡѾ˷ʽĵʽǺǣ
ҶǳЦţ߶ʽѪޡ
Ѫɫ䣬漴ŭΣʮǿս˭ֱ˭
ħӡҶǳ
˶ʮǿսȫһս
Թʮǿս˭ǿ˭û˵Ͼܹʮǿս˺٣˴˵жԵľ͸ˡ
ƾһεսжսǿ
ǣ˶²⣬ʽʮǿսеǿߡ
֮ôжϣΪҪɷʽüŴ
п£˽֪
ŴԻء
ֻǣûһУֻд˵деλǰ⡣
ɱ
ɣ
ҶǳѪ޸Խ˴˵ʮǿս߶۷壬⼤䣬ƥսնˡ
Ȼǵȫһ֮£նѾ޷֧ˣڲϵرݡ
ãҪˣԶɫ䡣
ѩҲɫߣ뿪˵أǰħߣ
˵꣬߶֮գ뿪նصħߡ
ңصħ֮ˣ뿪ħߡ
ѩ֮ǵһ˷ˣ鷳ѵ
Ҳɫص˵Ĳһ֪ӵеЩʮǡʮһǵĳǿ߶׷ɱ㡣
Ц˵ˣ²̵ĸ߲㶼Ҫĵջȥ֮ûгɳ֮ǰһܶΣա
ѩ˵ɻȥҲ޷ð
ָһˣҡͷЩ˵δزûİ취Ͼ½ô࣬һЩİ취Ҳ
ϧûַȻҶƿô˭ҲˡѩЩź˵
ӰҡͷѩǰҶǳ˹⣬ϧóҶǳֻǰѩãû֮
䣡
о޴촫
ѩתͷȥǸո뿪ħ߲ãһĹâ㽫ħڵɽ嶼ݻˡ
ҶǳѪ˫˫ɱ˳ڸ߿֮мɱ
ҶӮˣ
йâ䣬Ҷǳ𣬶ѪѾѪϵս׶յýڣԵúǱ
ȻʮǿսĶԾ֮УҶǳķʽʤһ
ҶѾռϷˡѩҲ˵
Ҳ¶Цݡ
ʱҶǳѾѹѪ޴ˣԿóѪ޵ʵ½˺ܶ࣬ȻǱʽشˡ
ˣ
Ҷǳһ£ֲкѪ޽ֵɱѪɣɫһ԰ס
Ҳŵõʮħ٣һʱ䣬һԻ㣡Ѫ޲ʵغ
ϧҪҶǳЦһɫؽǰӳһڰɫˮīʱȥⷽסˡ
ʮħ٣
Ѫ޴ӡħӡ˷һ֮󣬲ųڰɫˮī
ȻѾˣȻĻʵʩչʮǿս˲ˮī
磡
ȻȵѪӳˮīʱһƬӺƴĽѹԲȫС
ݣ
һ񽣣ֲܣһ貵ǣգѤõĹâûѪޡ
ã
Ѫɫ䣬ȫʢʱڵȻ̶ֳȵĹѾˣղǿʩչʮħ٣֮ʱִ֮䣬޷Чķ
ֻˣ
Ѫɫֻйâһһƣ漴͵һƣһŰɫĹâʱС
ҶǳһһҪɱ㣬ҷģѪ˫׺ݵصԶҶǳ漴ǰɫĹţʱ˺գһּٶʧȥ
ߣ
ҶǳһֱӶ˲ƣǰɫ׷ȥûãȴǰɫҲֱ˲뿪ˣٶȱҪ죬գ֮䣬ʧˡ
Ǵ˵еʱΨԪһﵽǿ߲Ƶĳ
Ҷǳʱ˸ղѪǺˣвɵ𾪣Ȼ̻񣬾Ȼӵ


968 һ
ʱһʹ֮ʱ˴뿪ٶ֮죬һЩʮǡʮһǵĳǿ߶زס
˵½һöʱ൱ڶһ
ֶǳ󣬿ĴҲ࣬Ѫ޵ľ͸ˣǱҶǳƵ˼ޣԲʹá
֮ʧܣʧȥһöʱֱ˷۱ʧ޴
Ѫ޵ѾҶǳ
ԺСˡ
ҶǳҡҡͷЩƣѪˣô´һս
Լĵģҵ˼𣬾Կ̤Ρ
ʱ򣬱˵ѪˣӣҲ޾һս
ݣ
Ҷǳ˺գ˲ƻȥ

ħѩڵȴš
Ȼһռѷ֣Ҷǳ˳
Ҷ磡
Ҷ֣

Ҷǳħ߸ʱѩ˶ʱ˵ӭ
ô𣿡ӾȵҶǳ׷Ѫޣô϶ôͻˡ
Ҷǳҡͷʱǲ̵Ĵ˶סò˵ĵ̵ȷǿ󡣡
ѵǴ˵еʥ֮һɫһ䣬𾪵
Ϊ̵洫ӣڲڣйļأȻĿֲ
Ҷ֣ʲôʥأһԵŵӣԲЩϢ
ûҶǳشһԵѩ㿪˵ʥؾǳԽɵǿֱʥԼһ塣ϹʱʹĴɣ̻ʵɲ⡣
ǲ̻Ҫǿ˻뵹һ
Ҷǳ붼ЩȵؿѩѩҲŵӣô֪ô
֮ҵġѩ΢΢Ц֮ڵʱϹʱڳưһʱڣֱħͬھ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ЩڴʵǷõ֮˵ĴУ
ӺĿضѩ
֮ˣǿһλǳԽսεϴڡ
ĴижôɵҲ֪
ĴУֻԼܸ߱ˣ֮ͻɱҡһ죬Ҳﵽ˵ΣܽЩи߱ˡ
ѩüЩյ˵
ԣҲЩиҶǳˣǵʵࡣ
ҲҪĴУԷ϶º֡Ҷǳգ˵ͷ
ЩĽ˵ҪһɳˣҲһ죬׷Ҷ֡
ѩٺЦţҲ׷ҶǳϾֻˣҶǳߡ
ѾҶǳ֪˰飬֪Ҷǳһ뿪½ǰδ֪Ļ磬ʵϣǾֻܺҶǳˣⲻҪġ
ԣεõ֮ѩкܸˡ
ھˣ
˵ţڿҪ˶ãҪ洫ˣ
ҶǳЦ˵İɣкܶ㹻̤ս񾳽磬õĻ˵̤ս񾳽磬ʱͿԽ洫ˡ
ղ̵Ĺأ츳ﲻ洫ӵı׼ôֻҪΪս񾳽磬ԳΪ洫ӡ
ﵽս񾳽磬ǾͻΪ̵ĳˡ
ŵӺ״ӣҪ츳ﵽҪУʵǿҲܳΪŵӺ״ӡ
̫ˣʱЦݡ
߰ɣǻز̣Ҷǳһӣֱ˲뿪ǰĳǳأȻز̡

ߺ죬ԭħڵķ֮УȻһɽ建𣬶ԽԽߣ𽥴񷡣
䣡
ɽֹ֮ͣһ޴ʯɽ£𶯴أһƬ
˾޴Ķ˸һЩˣϾһɽƾֱš
һɽ尡ɲһôɽ廹Լ߳󣬼ֱû˵
ԣһЩԶһĻʿޱȣǳŴ˵ظ
ԣǰħôɽˣúһʿ֮ɫ
ɽµǿ޴ʯ󣬸֮ɫ˶һƨɵڵϡ
ڡһ壡
ʿɴ۾ŵؿǰǿ޴ʯ
ֻʯϵӲԾĴ֡һ塣
˵ʥ֮һĵһ壬ޱȣפأ֮Уһֱδ˿
ڣصʥأͳǰܲ


969 ж
̵Ĵ󣬰һѤõĹâĵӰ߳Ҷǳˡ
ӣҪȥˣһ´󣬱ŭ˵
һ䣬Ŀ֮дɱ⡣
ѩɫҲÿ
ǿνǾһҶǳʱǿ¾ҪǸѪɱˡ
ǲùˣһ֤ݴִϣִȥҶǳ˵
˵ͷ޺޵Ҹһȥ뿴Ӿͺڵס
ҶǳЦǺãھȥִϡ
˵գֱӷִڵĵط
̵ִִƹܣִ֮£λִϣȻ±ִˡ
ڲֻ̣洫ϣʸΪִӡʵϣֻ洫ӲŻѡְִӣӶ׬ȡһԴ
ЩŵӣǲȥִӵģǿɲҪְλԴ
ңŵӵĵλͬڲ̵ĳϣʣôȥϵµһִӣ
ݣ
ִ֮ҶǳʾԼƣʱһλִӭ
ԭҶ£ϷˡλִԵú飬ֱЩͷҶǳܿһԵѩĿɿڴ
ҲϾŵȻλͬڳϣǳϽĻСŵӣ޷Ϊ洫ӣҲпܳΪϣע֮ϡ
ο˭֪ҶǳʦΪѾͻƵʮһս񾳽磬Ϊ̵ĸˡ
̵ĸǲǲ̵ľԸ߲㣬վ½۷塣
ⳤϣλʱй¶٣ӶǱħ׷ɱɡҶǳżɽ˵
ɨѩһۣ漴Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵˭й¶ϢģһڷͨĵȥնɱЩˡҷҲ̣Զ
ûѯйߵݣΪֻҪʥصˣǲ̱޾һС
ĵ
ⳤϣ˲ˣǲŵһӣҶǳɫ࣬ӵָ磬漴Ϊʵͬʦֵܣǲ̵Ź棬δ
ֱдŭݣһӣͬʦֵܣڲɱͬţǲ̵Ź棬ϵΪΪˣӴ˲뿪ǡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷϵΪΪˣɱ˶Էûʲô
ϾֻаԪ
뿴һ߸ϵ飬һӵΪˣУʹ֡
ǮԪãȥһţ˴УڿҶǳ֤֮Ͼִȥץˡ
ûãһֻŵĺӣͱִӴִˡ
֪Լ˴ȻǵִץôѯʣִӶ
Ρ룡ӿ֮󣬶ʱͫһɫ䡣
һ˲䣬Լ鱩¶ˡ
ԣȻµҳû֤ݣҲκβҡһ룬ʱֻĻЩź
ҧϣ֪£ǲ᣿ЩһֱڲУŹ棬зκδ󡭡
û˵꣬ӹһͷϣҵһ±ơ
ৣ
ҶǳӰ¥֤ݣ罫Ӹ˺ӣ˵Լɣ
һͻЩŵ֤ݣһʱ亹
ݣ밵¥Ľݣǩտа¥ǩ֣ġ
㻹кλ˵˵ֳͬʦֵܵˣΪʹޡңղҲ֪ˣ˻Ǻѡ
֮ˣֱħ˲࣬ǲ̵ĳ衣
ϣǵӴˣ´һˡӶʱڵġ
㻹´ΣЦŹ棬ҪϵΪΪˣһӶֻܴڲǡ
Ӷʱ־壬æġ
ͬʱֿ룬޵Σ˵˵飬ҴˣһΰɣǿǺֵܡ
ֵܣҧгݣ޺޵صźӣŭֵܣֱҵĳ裬Ҹ㣬н³á
Ρ
ӻġ
˻ִ֣˵ȥӡΪΣպ󹫿̡еӶǳͬʦֵܵ³
غ
ִһĮ֮ɫȥ
߰ɣҶǳˣ漴ǣѩȥ
˵ֻһСѡ


970 
صԼסҶǳѾ׼õĵ͸ѩˣÿ˶õ˶ʮǵʵ
֮ԻôƥĵΪҶǳ֪ĵڲڲһˡ
˵õ֮ǳģͱչˣҪʵϾҶǳѪθǵĴ̼̫ˣٲʵǾͻҶǳľԽԽԶ
ҲˣΪһЩ
Ҷǳŵȥ
һκѪ޵սףԼΪȻĺܿ죬Щ۷ǿߣûơ
Ǹӵлƽʥţһͻܿﵽս񾳽磬ǿ̫ˡ
ս񾳽磬ԶԷ츳ǾͿԻʮսվ½۷尡
ò˵ʥصĵ̫ˣֻҪ츳ǾܰΪܿ
ҲʥصĴйأǴϹʱ֪ӵжǿߣ˶ٵ
ϹʱıʥعϷˣɸ޷ġ

磬Ҷǳׯ԰
£
£

԰ǼҶǳ׷׹
ҪչҪ飬ҪҡҶǳԸһصԼӣó
⼸ﶼǰս񼶱ĵлһս񼶱ĵ
Щԭʺʹãڻص̺ѾͨΪĹϵЩһԼʹõĵ
֪⼸ҵΪ٣
ҶǳЩڴϾпһս񼶱ĵﰡ
£Ҷǳʼһ
ʮʱת۹ȥЩѾȫҶǳΪȴޡ
ֻҴﵽսڣ
Ҷǳ˫Щ˼飬ǲš
ǿǼս񼶱ĵһս񼶱ĵﰡȻֻսڽսڣֻһСΣ
ʱҶǳˣΪʲôǶ˵Ϊﵽս񾳽֮ΪֻܿЩĵرİѾˡ
ֻʮϵĵŶáҶǳҡͷ
ʮϵĴڣǳ٣ܹµģǾ͸ˣʥأǲ̣Ҳּĵ
ĵرҶǳ뵽ԼʣµĿӡ
ʣӣ֮ǰ͸ѩһˡ
ЩӵЧβ˷ˡ
Ҷǳһӣ׼á
ڵһȫȥҪһſŵķãÿһţҪ£ܰӵЧա
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ڴʱҶǳĿռ䷨ּˡ
ţʦңҶǳóռ䷨ּһֻ֣
ʦΪġ
ҶǳӣطΪס
ֵһǣԪϾȻҲڴ˵ء
ʦʦҶǳæ
Ϊ˰֣Ц˵°ɣ
СӵǻԵСôսڣһСӶˡʵѾĽ庮顣һԵĸԪҶǳоһ̶̾
Ľ庮ǲΨһһεţǰ벽𣬵һǿ
ΪЦţҶǳĿ֮Уο֮ɫ
Ҳ֮еõ˼ս񼶱ĵһս񼶱ĵֻû뵽ֻõһСΡҶǳЩƵ˵
ԪߵΪܵİҪΪǿߣԼԽİԽСٵõʥּ
Ҷǳ˵ô˵ֻҪΪӣΪܴܿﵽս񾳽硣
Ԫһ㶣漴ҡͷЦǿʥأϹʱ֪˶ٱǲ̿ԶԶȲϡ
һԵΪҲ̾ʥرȣǱȲϣֻҪŬ㽫һﵽܸߵĸ߶ȡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ԪҶǳͻȻЦһˣã˵ԳΪʥصĵӡ
ΪʥصĵӣҶǳԳԾؿŸԪɻʦڿʲôЦѵǲ̵ĵӣܸͶͥʥأ
һԵΪ΢Ц
ԪٺЦʥǲɵĵӣҲܰԼĵȥǣһʥؾͲͬˡ
˵һ壿Ҷǳһ
ʥ֮УһΪأΪֹû֪פ
ңʥÿһӡʥӳս£ɨ
ǵһȴÿһеӳżŻһӣϹĩڣһĵӳֵĴҲʮζѣƽʮųһ


971 ʥش
ǵһ壡
ԪһԾҶǳЦ˵һʥزͬΪһֻдУûɡ
ʲô˼ҶǳԶʱɻ
ʲôֻдУûɣѵһֻйûǲһ
ͽһ׮ţǲ֪ҲࡣһԵΪҶǳ˵˵һϹʱͱˣǵһŷǳں֮ǰ׼˺֣һĴиˣȻԼ˸󷨣ʹõһĴһֱڡԣûˣҲһԳ֮Ϊʥ֮һ
Ҷǳ𾪲ѣԭһֻһ󱦲ء
ֻԪ˵һû֪˵ƶгߣֻҪͨĿ飬ܹΪһĵӣӶõһĴС
Ҷǳ˵ͷȻѹôһ嶼ûмӳ֡ˣȻһôûӳ֣ٻмֹأѵûп𣿡
ԪΪһۣ漴̾˿
󣬻ǸԪ̾ϢһĴвʥܹͨһ忼ˣҲ֮ӡһվûʦųڣԲʥĵõõĽ̵ǵĳɾͶʥĵӣʥصĵӸɱˡ
ҶǳüʥΪʲôҪԵһ˸ϾɱЩһĵӣѵǸɱ𣿡
ǺģԪߵ½ôʥʥضôңȻϣٳһܹĶִڡʵϣ󶥼ɾܵʥشѹȻĻôͿԱȼʥˡ
ΪҶǳμӹսӦ֪սеţǱˡʵϣ½ֵĶţ౻ʥعϷ֣ǳ⣬ֻһЩǺȡңÿһ棬ʥصӺʥӣ뾡һа취նɱ󶥼ɵĴˣǲǳɳĻᡣ
ԪǰˣΣʥĴ˸ɱˡĻǲͳּͽ൱ľǿˡ
Ҷǳüͷû뵽ʥôǿƣԺҲҪܵʥش˵Ķ֣취ʵС
£ҶǳԪʵʦղ˵ҵĻˣѵ֪һ𣿡
ڿ½˶֪һˡֻԪЦ
һԵΪЦ˵ֵ֪ħħڵɽ岻֪ΪʲôͻȻˣƬ֮УȻһɽ壬ɽǵһ塣Ϊ̫ˣϢѾ½
Ҷǳ𾪲ѣħڵɽ壬ΪѪ޵սըˣû뵽ԭؾȻˡһ塯
֪ˣͶȴһʱ䡣
˭֪飬Ȼһɽ壬νŰ
ֻһõһ壬ʵ˿֮С
ԪҶǳЦ˵βһ̫֪һĴڣϢסͱ½֪ˡ
Ҷǳվ˫⼤䣺ھ͸һ壡
ʣֻҪͨ˵һĿ飬Ϊ˵һĴˣǾͻõһıʥĴһܴܿﵽս񾳽磬һԵ
𼱣
Ϊ˰֣Ҷǳ
ԪҲЦ˵ǽֻǸ˵˵Ѷѡڵһ壬ڻûпҪȵʮ֮ŻῪ
ΪҶǳʮʱ䣬Ҫú׼ʵΪҪģҪ츳ֻ𼶱εţܵõһϿɡһΣȥμӿ˱Ȼкܶ࣬Ծ͸ӼˣʱҪԺܶεľ֡
Ҷǳԣɫʱ
ȻһϢѾ½ôɵţʥˣпȥҽп顣
У²ֹһλεţ벽͸ˣΪ츳ûжơ
ʮʱ䣬ҵһҵ츳һ¥Ը֡
Ҷǳ뵽
漴ϸΪԪǣصԼׯ԰ҶǳóӣͿʼá
׼ЩӣȥѰ
ȻͨһĿ飬ΪûжٹϵΪ̫ˣҪҵѶҲܴ
ʵǿˣȥ𣬼ʲŻ


972 ճ
ʱգ۹ȥˣڵһׯ԰ڣҶǳ˫Ŀ絶棬¶Ϣǿˣɢ˵ѹ
սڣ
ҶǳϸһΪǲɵ΢΢Ҳǲϲɫ
ʥӵȷӣͱȵЩս񡢾ս񼶱ĵˡ
ȻһҶǳǼӸˣϴ˷˴Ч
һ뵽ϴ֮УԼھ˶ʮӣҶǳо۲ѡ
ЩӱգôڵƶѾ̤ս񾳽ˡ
ҶǳҲûкڣʱҲЩӡ
ˣöȥˡ
Ҷǳ԰Ǵк뿪˵硣
ûȥѩǣΪ֪ѩ˶
Ȼڵɹʮ꣬磬ʵŹȥһѡ
ŵӵƣܹڵ֮ͱ˶ʮʱ䡣
Щ洫Ӻŵӣֻ´ͣлʱޡ
ѩ洫Ӿ磬ҵĻǾͿڵˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
߹һνֵҶǳִﲹ̵ĴһƬѤõĹâ֮УҶǳӰ˲ʧ

ޣճǡ
һϵеĴ֮ͣҶǳͺݣִλڶ޵ճǡ
ӸԪõϢڶ޵յյλճǸյ֮УÿʮһΡ
Ҷǳճ֮󣬴һϢ֪յٴʱ䣬һҿջס£һһߵȴյ
ʱٽճǵҲԽԽ࣬Ҹǿߣսϵϱ֡
Ϊڶޣյһµżÿʮһεǿ߽ȥ̽ܶ˶õ˲Сջ
յÿſռ籩ֻս񼶱ǿ߲ܶɹĿռ籩ûս񼶱Ϊǲܽյġ
쿴սҵսˣ˵ǰ벽εĳţעҪ̳սҵļ֮λ
սҵǺģ˵úҵҲѾﵽս۷徳磬׼յ֮ͻƿ̤ս񾳽硣
ţҵʤҲˣ˵һŮӣȴҵڶϵӵܣճΪҵһǳŮˡ
ǿ϶Ҫģ˵λ˲ٰս񼶱ǿߣþս񼶱ǿ߲յȻĻȲ

޼֮ӵĳ֣ճǵķڣʿ۷׷ס
ͬȻǿʢڱݣǱݻѷɫ˲١
벽ǶΣһΪ࣬ҲֻܹﵽΡ
Ƕǿ൱ݵһʵڶ޵ĵλǳȻ
ҡսҺҡ
ʱӦòˣ
Ҷǳֹͣ뿪ջ
ԽֵճǣҶǳ֪յֵʱ䲻ԶˣӦþһڡ
ճڣҶǳյ˲õϢһǿߵĵɫء
úҶǳռйյһЩϢ˵յΪΣֱΧΧĵش
˵Ŀ꣬ȥĵشһҶǳĿꡣ
ҪﵽĵشףÿյҲֻ켸˲лﵽĵش
յΧãֻҪӵսΪܽ룬յΧһ޴Թܹ߹Թֻһ취ǾΧҵһֽޣ併·ͨΧԹ
һֵ֡
Ҷǳ̽Ϣ󣬲ɵǳ鶯޵ֻǶء
ˣ׼ȥյɣ֪ôץ𣿡ʱһ׷ͯյ˹ЦݵضҶǳ˵
ս񣡡Ҷǳ΢΢һ˲ͿǰߵΪɫʵ֪ǰմСҶǳէǰָһ
ָ㲻ҵ׷ͯյԵúܺͰźӣЦ˵Ϸ壬СѵʶϷ򣿡
Ҷǳɻ壿ȷʵʶϾǵһޡ
һ·һ˶ʱĵؿҶǳ˵ǰ֪ǰǶ޵¸صһλǰˣЯ󱲣¡
ԭǰҶǳɫǰλһλƺʩǰɵȻ𾴣Ͼн磬ֺѾˡ
λǰΪҶǳĿɿڴ
ֻλǰһ֣ʱƯ֮УЦеضҶǳ˵ʵǿ󣬵ǵٶȺܿ죬ҼΪ衣ԣҪץǻݣֻǻܹǰʱֻҪˡ
ˣҿ˳ۣͨݵǻݾˡԽõǻݣԻԽһǧݵǻݣֻҪһʯǧǻֻҪ


973 Ա
λǰ͸ҶǳԼǻݣԵ÷ǳ飬ǳİս񼶱ΪǸ·ߵСûʲô
⡭⻭δҲת̫˰ɡ
ҶǳɵĿɿڴмԭΪһλϲָ󱲵ǰû뵽Ȼġ
ˣͨǻݾ͸ɣֻһݵģܲϷҲұ֤
һò۵ǻݵݸҶǳЦ˵
ʱԱһλ·ˣһĻɵÿ˵˵ֵܣݵǻЧܵͣȰ㻹ǰһǧݵǻݰɡȻĻһݵǻݣǾԿ԰ץ
˵꣬˾ˡ
ҶǳӹݹͨǻݣϸӦһ£ֻɢһֶصζȻŨңȴڳϵɢҺѱ紵ɢ
忴Ҷǳ̽ǻݣЦŽ͵ϲζͨݵǻݣζݵľޣյΧܴ󣬻٣ټľߣͨݵǻЧʾ͵ˡȻãպ㸽һֻͺпܻɹ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ˵ô࣬ҪԼݵǻ
ȻǰλǰЩΪץҶǳֲòǻݡ
£Ҷǳ壬ʵǰ֪һݵǻҪʯ
۾һ漴ԼٶóһͽϴǻݣɢŨζݸҶǳƺҶǳƵģЦ˵ŰɣǻԭֵһʯϷԵֻۣʮʯɡ
ʮʯ
Ҷǳ˿ȻЩ󣬵ĳܷΧ֮ڡ
Ϊ̵ŵӣÿ궼õʮʯҲмʮˣʯѾмˡ
⣬֮УնɱˮƵɵţҲõ˲ʯ
ʱʯѾﵽһǧٶ
ԣʮʯûз
ʮʯõĻᣬҶǳ˵ʵ׬ˡ
£Ҷǳԥóʮʯ塣
°ʮʯ֮󣬲û뿪Ǽ˵ˣֻҪһǻҪҪݣȻһǻѾץˣյô˭֪᲻ᷢʲôԶ򼸷ǻݻбҪġ
ৣ
ֻ˲óǻݣ˵ˣϷʲս񼶱Ϊδһǰ;ϷͺԵһݵǻݣֻۣһʮʯ㿴Σ
ҶǳԳƬ̣ȻԼģǰ÷ҲбҪġϾ˭֪᲻ᷢ⣬һλᣬõǾҪȵʮˡ
Ѿȥʱˣٹʮǵһ忪ӣʱ䲻ˣɲ˷ʮʱ䡣
£Ҷǳ˵ͷóһʮʯ壬ٴιһݵǻݡ
˵һʯǺķѵġ
ˣﻹרץ̣Լװã㻹ҪҸۡ
廹û뿪ٶó˼ƷҶǳ
Ҷǳ˷ۣһǲҪԼʯſϰݣ
Ҷǳһٶʮʯһ̣ⶫҪ㾫ͨ󷨣ֻܴ߶ܿ󷨣ǳʵá
ˣԵٻᣡ
뿪ˡ
ҶǳҲתȥ
λʮʯֻҪܹץ˳ؽյĵشǾֵˡڻȥ·ϣҶǳ뵽
һߣճǵĳ˾۵һҶǳڴˣͻᷢˣǸղ·ߣ˵ˡ
ʱ˶Цݡ
ʦ׬˶٣ҿСͦɵģʵӦмʮʯɣһڴ֮ɫ
尺ͷȻʮҲ̫СʦˣСᣬսΪ϶ĳɴĵӣΪʦῴġʵҲ֤ΪʦǶԵģСһﻨʮʯһ
ʮ򣡡
˲ɵþ֮ɫ
Ǵɵĵӣһ˵
һһḬ֮̃ɫʦСӹƻвʯȻ治ɫóٶʯ
죡Ժݺݵһۣ˵Ҹ˵ٴΣƭԣЩɵĵǮɵƭһΣҲǸԣʧءɱ˽ٻУǲûеߣҶԷǴɵӣɱǵ³Ҳ̫á
ǣǡæͷе̰


974 
Ҷǳ֪ԼѾ˸ƭˣôҲû뵽һս񼶱Ĵ֣Ȼƭˣ˵ȥûš
ңҶǳ֮ҲˣƺץֻȷҪǻݣǻݵļ۸ȷܹĻҪһЩλǰȷܺˣˡ
˺ļ죬Ҷǳÿ춼ڳڹţȴյϢ
ºһǿҵĿռ䲨ԶʴǳĺƴһӴ½𶯲񷡣
ջ֮УҶǳʱѣ˲˫ʡ
²ҪȥϢˣԿ϶յȻˣȻǿҵĿռ䲨
ʵȷˣΪһ̣һߺճڸ˶ڸߺյˣǳضʱһƬڡ
ݣ
һӰ𣬸ɢǿϢǾҿռ䲨ķȥ
ҶǳҲ뿪ջա
¡¡
𶯣Ȼ֣գǳ𺳡
һҾ޴սǺգҲ˵ķȥ
ȻһЩĳԱ
ҶǳսǳɣԱߵ˵ս
ѹѹȺϷɣա
ңԶǰһȻ֮У֡
һ޴Ĵ½ǳĴ󣬶߼ʡ
˵ǰΧŰһֲĿռ籩һööռƬƱĵ棬½Χˡ
յ
ʱѾ½ִ˵أûͣͳյȥ
һĲҽֻǿռ籩֮УһӱɲƬѪɡ
׳գûս񼶱ΪյΪյ˶ܽȥһЦһڿռ籩֮Уڹֵۣס˿ռ籩ɱ
֮ǰǱռ籩ɱˣȺУһЩʵûдﵽս񾳽ʿɫһ䣬Ȼ׷׷˽ҵͷ뿪ˡ
ҪҲȲԼСҪ
֮УҶǳԵúɣǿޱȣֱΧĿռ籩һѸյ
в˱Ҷǳٶȸ죬һִյ
䣡
һ
һӰ̤ŵ棬õѿ϶˷ȥ
֣澹Ȼ˼Ӳһɷ˴󲿷ֳ
ҶǳŹѵĵ棬Щ֮ɫ
ƽĵ棬Ƭȫ飬ҳһ޴ӡ
ڣ˫ֻǰȥΧѷҲûȥԶ
˼Ӳĵ棬ǵһο
ϸӦ֮£Ҷǳͷ֮УȻһɷǴط
ΪĴڣԲʹĵ˼Ӳ
ѹյ£Ҳûбݻ١ҶǳȻ
Ҫ֪յʮһΣ֪жǿ̽ѰЩǿ߿϶Ҳụ
Ϊﵽս񾳽ǿߣʵǻأһͨĵ죬ͱݻˡ
յȴһֱţŲ䡣
ߣҸطһǻݵЧ
ҶǳĿһɨ㳯ŵڷȥûзɶãײһεıϣ˶еͷΣˤڵϡ
Ȼн󷨣
ҶǳűײĶͷЦ뵽ﲻУȻֱӾͿԷɵĵشȥˡ
ϿգȻн󷨣ʹý޷УֻܹԹڵϵͿշУǱܡ
ҶǳѡǱܣΪϰ̫ˣͿշкײȥ
Ҫ֪һеģдطıһÿôӲޱȣһײȥԻͷѪ
磬쿴һﾹȻ죬湻޴ģȻ֪н󷨡һϷŰ
ԶӴҶǳĲԶ
СӦǵһһӼЦ
Ҷǳ׼뿪˵ɫʱһ䣬ͬһ񣬱㳯
ƺܿİҶǳ˵
ʱ˽Ǹоһ˸·Χ¶һӽࡣ
㡭ʲôһ̷Ҷǳŵ˵
Ҷǳȭͷ˵һѵԺ˵ע㡣
˵꣬ͬһα˳ȫ¶ͷų貵Ĺâ
ߣҲֻսѣ˶ս񣬶ܣһϡһ
£һӭҶǳ
أ
˳Ŀ죬ߵҲ졣
ֻ죬˾ͱҶǳɳȥӶֱӷɳյ»ص˿ռ籩֮У֪ˡ
Ҷǳûǣתŵɱȥ


975 
һϿ֮УҶǳóһǻݣȻúộҸطȫѪңңǻݵλá
ץһֻϽΧҶǳǻݵķ뵽
ȻҶǳĵصȴš
Ȼ󡭡ǾûȻˡ
ΪҶǳ˼켸ҹûпһֻЩɻ
˵һݵǻݣǾԿ𣿡Ҷǳüͷʱ֪Լƭˡ
Ҳ⸽ûлɣҶǳ뵽
ǣҶǳϵǻݺ̣Ѹ뿪˵أԽһƬٴǻݣụ́ȥԶˡ
һת۹ȥˡ
ҶǳûеȵֲõԤУԽʣµļǻҲó¡
ĿǻݣɣҶǳ
һݹȥˣûеȵ
ҶǳɻˣϢĿһݵǻݣǾԿ԰ѻġ
ҶǳûƭԼϾԷǰս񼶱ǿߣΪ˼ʯƭ˰ɡ
˵ǻݵȷϢ۸Ҳԣûд󰡡

ҶǳƵʱ򣬾ԶĵطҲڿơ
Ƕ֮һսս죬λսҵĳսս㡣
ʱ˵ĲԶҲһǻ档
ǣҶǳĻͻᷢǵǻݣǻͬ
ΪҶǳǻɢζǻɢһɼȶĵĳζ
λϣǴǻݣôã˵ϴս˽ʱֻʱͰѻץסˣǶ˿ˣһ˺üطȻӰӶ
սҵս쿴Զǻݣɫ˵
սֺսλսҵĳϴʱҲǳƣսֳǻݾսԼĵģһݵǻݣԻʵ
һԵսҲͷ˵֪Ҫյѡһݺõǻݣһֱţû
սλϵĻȻԼսҵĵ̣ǾͲм١ңսҵ˭ٻ
ֻþûץսҲˣѾյϢѾץΧˣûץǾͻᱻǸ˦Զˡ
ߣٻһطҾͲץ
£սվǻݣս֡սλսҳԶɱȥ
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ⶼʮˣôûлҶǳüͷ˺ܴһƬˣûлŶԡ
յĻȻ٣Ҳٵ̶ȡ
ңǻݵζԴյֻҪл϶ᱻ
ѵ˼㣬һֻҲû𣿡Ҷǳüͷ壬ǲõԤԽǿҡ
ûз׼ٻһطѰңͲţܱյΧҲҲһֻ
ţ
ͻȻҶǳתͷԶĴ֮УӦǿϢٶ
ˣҶǳʱһ֮ɫ
Ϣǳǿһս۷壬һǰսϣҲС
ңҶǳ𾪵ǣ˵֮УǿĲս񣬶Ǹս
޵вεţҶǳ²⣬Ҳֻ츳ˣӵгԽԼһǿʵ
ৣ
ʱѾҶǳ֮УӴ֮Ѹټ
ҶǳԼǻݱƻԴ˳ȥ׼ڵϵǻݡ
ţǣ
սҵսҵλϣ֮ҲҶǳҶǳҪϵǻݣǵĿҲ֮
ϵļǻݺ󣬶ʱ˽ͫһҲ˲
ǻݣ
սҧгݵصŲԶҶǳȵСӣ㵽˭˵ǲңģ
Ҷǳ˿Ѿڵϵǻݣתͷս죬üͷһ壺ϴ˰ɣҲʶ㣡
˵꣬׼뿪
ǣλսҵĳϣסҶǳĵ·
Уսҵĳս㣬ɫضҶǳгŭɱڵ˵˵ô˰¶ȲһֻԭĿǻݣ˵˭ôɵģǲңң
ҶǳŪЩĪЩͷ˵յôѵֻǻ˾Ͳ𣿡
սҵսԣָҶǳıӣҧгݵŭ¿ʲôЦһŵǻݵζͻжԶԶԼǾ͹Զ⣬ӵĻѬˡ
Ҷǳԣʱ±ˡ
ǻݣѵ


976 һ֮
ܣ
ҶǳĿضŶս죬ճǴǻݾԿ˼˴ģܶԷƭġ
˵ǻݲҶǳս죬ǰģ¸أ㲻ûǰ˵ˣһݵǻݣԿңѾˣճǵ˶˵ǻݿ
壿Ǹٻϲ
սԣϵŭȻֹҶǳɫͻȻЩˣƺЩŭƺе㳰Ц
£Ū˰죬ԭһϷΪһǽĵشٶȡԶսҳսһֵ˵
ϻ¸أĸˣСӣ㱻ƭˡ˵⼸ǻǻ˶ʯģһλսҵĳսһֻؿҶǳʵ
ƭˣ
Ҷǳɫޱȣһݵǻݣ˵һʯһá
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Ҷǳɫʱսҵս쿪ˣЦǻûдܴˣܹģǻݣǻݡǻǻһ֮ȴ֮ǧ
սһЦòݲƣҲƣɢζȴǽȻͬСӣӦòǶˣȻ֪ܲһ㡣
ϻȷרŶ֣Ƕ޴յģд붼ƭˡսЦ
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ǵĻҶǳɫúѿ˿·һͷɱ鲻ˬ˼㣬ŭ˼㡣
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Ҷǳս˫ȭҧгݣ
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һ̣Ҷǳ޲ץס壬ж˿顣
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սҶǳóԼǻݣҡҡЦ㿴ǻݣɢζǻݲǿǻġֲݣһֵּʯһûʲôֵ
Ҷǳɫλлǽ󣬲֪Ƿ֪ϻǷյ
ֻҵ壬Ȼйеŭ
սߵϻȻյеǻݾյĺĵشţҪж٣ϻôŪһЩǻݳƭˣ
л֪Ҷǳ˱ȭ漴׼뿪
սսǰ
ʲô˼Ҷǳɫؿս죬Ϊ֪˲зʩˡ
սҶǳɭЦߣʹ𣿡
ٺ٣Сӣ㺦Ǵ¶ûץסʹǼҺҵˣҪһֺ֮𣿡սҲһɭȻЦݡ
սҲ˹һЦǱƭķϣǾͲɱˣֻҪͷлȻóһǧʯǣǾһʹ
ҶǳɫĿؿս졣
棬ս쿴ҶǳһȻ˵СӣҲᣬʶ㣬屨Ļᶼûˡ
Ҷǳɫгɱɨսһۣ˵䵽˼㣺ȰǲҪңŭ𡣡
ȷܷŭҪ˷йǰ˸󣬱ڹʹȥˡ

սԹЦ
ս֡սҲŴЦ
漴ս͵ЦݣɫɭضҶǳСӣǾƲԳԷˣǾͱҲˡλϣץסҪɱҪĥý֪Һµ³
ǣ
ǣ
սֺսԣʱæͷ
սֱӳҶǳһӣЯŰѹ¡
СӣҹԹԵع°ɣս㼥Ц޴գɢɿֲѹⷽضˡ
ҪԼӲѹҶǳս
أ
ҶǳȻһʩչռȭһȭᴩ񷣬˺գֱӺ䱬յľ޴ơ
Ҷǳȭâǽսɳȥ
սսͫһʱ𾪺Ͳš


977 
ۡ
ڵɵ;Уս㻹ڴѪ۾ҶǳĲš
ȻԷһȭˣ
ȻղЩ⣬ûаǰս񼶱Сӷһս񰡣ֶսԿģǶԷ޵вεĳš
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սһŭسҶǳղˣμȻ֪ҶǳʵȻٴ⣬һֱǾС
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ϵսǳǿңϯ֮һɫХΪһ壬ֲܡ
Զսսֶһţսҵǿսս˻ģƾսսҲܳưԶޡ
ռ
ҶǳҲܵ˶ԷһеĿֲйâһɫؽ˲֣ҵĽҫʮأһƥĽâźڰɫˮīʱ硣
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𣡡
ȻһХݺݵسˮī棬ʱˮīϳѺۡ

ս𣬵ˮīѺ֮󣬶ʱ֪ԼΨһܹӳȥĻᣬϾƴѳ
ûٸҼҶǳΪԷһͰˣ̫ˣǶ֡
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ৣ
ڴʱҶǳһսǰ
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սսҲٴУ׷Ϣͷųս񼶱ǿ
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Ҷǳɲֱ˴˶ֵˣȻԷҪ鷳ôȻ׷Ź
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ŭ𣬹𶯡
Ӵһɷ籩ϯòԶսսֶɫ䣬˷׷׾Ѹٺˡ
Ƿ籩ģҶǳӶɫ˫֣ͬӶɫ˫ȭս켤Ҳɱ
˶ǿޱȣͬ缸ﵽ˼ޣ
˫ÿһȭһţһĿֲܣձ飬ϿյĽ󷨶
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Ȼ½бǸǿ𣬵ָּôܹõġ
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ԷȻһ㣬ʵȴ
ϾԷΪս۷壬սڣΪȶԷһ㡣
ͬ츳Ϊһ㣬ǲͺܴˡ
Ҷǳһİ벽İ벽ҪǿˣϾɱ벽𼶱š
ԣҶǳսʵ൱ġ
СӣȻҾͳȫ㣡սһ׷ŭˣȻѪͬ˴ѪֱǴûз飬Ϊܴ衣
䣡
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һԵսɫص̵ŵӺôǰû˵
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ǰսұ̣ǲԶˡ˵̻һλأս
˵Ľ庮ɣŮ˵ȷ£һǶޣһλս񼶱ǿ߶ˣֱˡսµ˵
һսĿˣֻоĽ庮ˣУڹ
ǸŮֲսҲ˵ͷ漴Զˣֹⳡսˣţ̿϶صעսǻս벹̵սοƾУٴȥҲֻ˷ʱ䡣
ⳡսûбҪһԵսҲ˵ͷ˵ҺҵѾһΧˣǲȥǾͱ˦ԶˣʱﶼǸˡ
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պãʱҶǳսһζƴƾУ˫˺׼ս
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սɲҵս죬æ˵Һҵ˶ѾΧˣǶˣٵȥǺĵشıͶҸˡʱҪҺҵˡ
˻һսʱɫһ䣬ҡҵǾ֣ôԼǳԽ
ͬʱսóһǻݣӸҶǳ˵λ̵ŵӣֻһݵǻݣǧݵģҲ㹻ˡ
Ҷǳǻݣ˵ͷлˣ
֣Ҷǳ׼ȥʱսȵ
Ҷǳ
һ䣬ҶǳҲ漴ȥ
Ҳսڴ˷ʱ䡣


979 ץɹ
ٴοԽ˴ҶǳóսõǧݵǻݣȻụ́˵ԶȴϹ
֮ôԶҶǳҲ֪֮ģΪƬ¹ǻݣ˻ֻܵ෴ķսҵҲ뿪Ƭ
Ҷǳǻݵķһĵصȴţһ߼˼š
ֻǲ֪ΪΣֲõԤС
ѵִ𣿡
ҶǳüͷԼֱǳΣϾڵĲΣԸӦڤڤ֮еһЩϢ
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սҵˣӦòüٵǻƭԼϾԼʵǿǲ̵ˣûбҪԼһˡ
˰죬Ҳ벻ȻҶǳĵȴţ޷ͳȥճǣȥһЩǻ
˵ʱ䣬⣬ϾյڵıȤҪֻҪõôһоԲˡ
ıԵ˵ԵҲͰˡ
һתȥˡ
ҶǳǷҪճǹǻݵʱʱһܵһɲӲԶ
أѵǻҶǳʱ۾һϲɫ
СסԼϢȻȴš
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ˣٶȺܿ죬Һܽһз紵ݶʧ
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Ҷǳ۾ˣĿԶǻݣ֪߶˼ޡ
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ڴʱһʰ쵵ӰͬһƵģʱǻݵԱߡ
ҶǳĿһȷһͷϵɫʰ쵣ǳѤǳƯѹֽ
ֻҶǳ㲻ǣ⻨ôƯôϲǻݵζƫƫϲǻݵĳζֶֶء
ˣ治ֻ֣ҪץסյΧˡ
ҶǳԴֻǻݣȻֻȻ¶˺ı飬ͦŴƴǻݳζ·ʲôζһ
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ֻƺǳܣϵصţԽԽӽǻˡ
ҪˣҶǳһĻʱϲɫΪ֪̾Ҫˡ
֪ΪΣʱֲõԤԽǿˡ
ȻʱҶǳѾܲôˣֻ۾ǰĻ
ڣ̵ĴΧ
ͣ
ˣûʲô󷨳ֻ֣һŨҵɢǰĻôһֱתӡ

ҶǳŭʱԼΪʲôֲõԤˡ
ˣҲﹺġ
£ٻϲƭûõǻݣ̶Ǽٵġ
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ҶǳһٶȺܿ죬ϾԪһս񣬵ֻٶȾȻҪ졣
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ٶȻ죬ʵ̫ˣѲˮīӳС
ؿõһֻȵĻӳˮīϣգ۾һǳĿɰ
ץסˣ
ҶǳһЦһѾץס˻ȻʩչֶΣӡˡ
໣ţȴѲҶǳơ
ҹԹԴ·ɣҶǳһӴľʱԺУռĿӡǡ
ڣֻҪһͻӡǣֻǡ
ءȻҲܵԼԺеĿӡǣʱί֮ɫԴҶǳֱۣгֺõ˼
ȵӣҶǳɵùЦˣֻҪԹԴҴΧҾͷ㡣˵գ⿪ϵķӡ
ҶǳµռӡǣָʵҲӣǺܸߣҶǳĻʱ໽ţȻ͹Թǰ·
ڿǰյĺĵشˣ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦص˵ͷ漴ڻ󣬳յΧжȥ
ΧҶǳͿΧ·Щ·һģһֱ治ǵκβһĵط
Զ׼һӴԹ
ǰĻԵúӶ˶ʱҵ·һ·ɱȥ
Ҷǳ档


980 ǲ
յĺĵشһֱյ䱦
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Ҳ˵󷨣󷨱ݻٵʱرݻڵһ
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ԣûĸԸɵ顣
Ȼ޷Ƶķӡ󷨣ǳ⣬յÿο󣬶緢һЩһ緢ߴΡ
˸˵أΪ˵ȴᡣ

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Ȼֻ⼸ץ˻ͨԹϵ˴˵ء
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̫ˡ
꣬С㣬սҿɲǡ

Ⱥ۷׷ףǸŭԡ
ڶޣ죬û˸ǡ
Ҳ˲սҵˣǱҵˣҵˣͬλ֮һ
ʱҵۣŴæս죬ɵһֻЦս֣ôڲɲķ񰡣
λҵǳǿȻһʱϣͬһ֮дž£޵л̡
˵սݺսʬ޵սλҵ۾һµĵ˵ƶǳֲ˴˿
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ʤһŮˣ׾͸߰ޱȣΪԼˣԴСԼΪʤС
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ԵúܸˣϾܹս飬ǳ⡣
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壬ԭϻȻԱߵսһָȺеһͷβߡ
սԣʱתͷȥĿ⣬ҲǿƱҪȥ֡
˵ףҶǳҲǱƭˣ˵ӵغٳ޷ץϾûƭҶǳ飬Ҳ˱˽յĵٶȡ
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òǱƭ𣿻ļٻһԵʤҲ¶֮ɫ
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ʱսջɢǿƣ俴һۣ˵ȷûƭңƭһǲˣߣŰɣܿͻ᳢ͷˡ
⻰˵ĪˣƭǲˣɣѡģȥԼǲˡ


981 ſ
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ٺ٣ϻд鷳ˣȰ㻹ǸϽ뿪˵ܱסսɭЦ
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ܼٻվޡ


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οһս񣬲ô
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ϾҲƭܺߣҶǳĿǻݣҲᱻӵڲŸյĺĵش
壬û˻ģǿǲ̵ŵӡıʵ˵ʦǿ϶ǲ̵ĴϣǸǿʮһս񼶱ĳǿߡҵҲҡͷ˵
ԱߵʤУû˵ĬȻҲԵ޹ʵﲹ̵ŵӡ
ϾǶûʲô飬ΪҪͷûкô͵һУǰ׳ղŻ顣
ৣ
ڴʱս졢ۣʤˣȻһתͷΧԹڵķ
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ֻһ꣬ɫۣͷڷƲԹڻ߳
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һʱ䣬˶̲ס۾о۾Щʹ
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ս˵
ȺУ亹ϳҶǳɵӵǱƭʮʯǴ𰡡


982 
ǲ̵ŵ𣿡
Ŀ⣬޷ֱӣ˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
Բλ
û뵽̳һ⣬Ȼֶһ벽ԽԽǿʢˡ

˵̸ҶǳĿ⣬Щη
ΪǵҶǳһǿߣһһš
벽ֳţֻҪٶΪʮս񼶱Ĵ֡
кܴʮһǡʮǣΪ½һͷ
ļǰ벽𼶱ţʮһǵսԲưԶޡ
˿𣿡ҶǳմԹڳͿʵ
ʱٵ͵ͷųԼǿƣı󣬸ֳޱߵ󡪡ǿա
úܶ˶ǳ𶯣ܹӵԼţǰ벽𣬶ӵԼ
ǿգɣһַǳǿԹûгֹΣÿһγֶǾ춯ء
ৣ
˲䣬ԭվԱߵˣ׷׶һ˳
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ҵҵСܾͺˣǰӭҶǳĿ⣬æЦжˡ
Ѿĵô͵ȴߵˣҪôߵųֲôһҲƭ㰡
з̰ʾԼίû뵽һ벽˵͵ȻϻҲ̫۸ˡ
Сܰ˵ǻݣҪһЩøҰɡҶǳ˹ǿֱӴ߶۷壬ǿֲѹõΧ˶׷׺ˣҽӽ˵ء
ս졢ۡʤˣɫһ䣬ԱԼƣֵסǿѹ
˵ɫˣΪҶǳѹ֮УǸܵǿҵΣϢ
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ԷԴγãܣϾԼ飬ˣֲ˱ˡһĶȫǼٻˣˡ
ǰǰҰɣʯҶ㡣ŵûæʯóҶǳ
ҶǳʯȴûѹǼ˵ȻûǻݣУҾ㡣
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ãԼڻǻǮɣʯûˣ׬СûˣǾˡ
ŶĵشҪǻҸպУ㣬ҲʡԼȥҡҶǳʱһЦݵ˵
ɥƲͷ˿Χĵ棬ǻݣݵĶаҪҪ
ҷ֪ҶǳڹҶǳһ£ͱٿˡ
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˵꣬ͰǻӸ塣
ǻݣɫһƬ˵ѾǰҺǻݰڵץһãǵ۾Ϲ
Χ˶Ŀɿڴ漴֪ҶǳϷˣ壬ɵöЦЩ˶ˡ
ǰǻݣǻݣûʲôֵֵһʯ廹ԼʯҶǳЦ
Ҷǳйâһó˵ĿǻݣĮ˵㵱ҵĿǻݣ˵ǲֵһʯѵ㵱ƭң
˵գɢƸӿˣ֮еɱʵʻֲѹѹٴѪ
ֵֵæ˵֪ԼҪѪˣҲ˵ԼƭҶǳΪ
Ǿ仰ʯҪ
ȻֵǾʯɣҶǳ˵
岻ҶԣóʮʯҶǳðʮʯԼһǳֵ
ȻҶǳʮʯ֮ڵץһЩǻݣʮãһݵġ
ãҵʮǻݡҶǳϲɫʮǻֵݸ壬˵Ҹۣʮǻֻʯ׬ˡ
ʱɵˡ


983 ٹ
峹±ˣԭΪֻҪʮʯˣû뵽һתҶǳóʮǻݡ
ʯ˵ѾǲСĴˡ
ο֮ǰѾʮʯҶǳˣһӾͿ츶Űʯˡ
Ȼǰս񣬵ϾȲҶǳĴŵӣҲмǧʯѣ˽ǧʯѾ˽ˣʧܴ
ҲΪֻҪǾҪҶǳˡ
ǿǿ
кˣԼƭҶǳɱ
ţ
ĬҶǳɫһĿ磬ɱˣǿޱ
򣡡æ˵ǿŰʯóҶǳ
룬Ӧ˰ɡ
ñģҲˡ
һ̣ȴһҡ
ΪҶǳץ˺üǻݣһٶá
ҶǳЦݵվЩǻݶ˵һһʮǻݣҸոһٿǻˣͬۡ


һٿǻݣǴۣҲǧʯ
ȻҪǻݵĻҲˣԺõһЩʧ
ǣЩǵǵǻݣֵǮǻݣûʲôôǷﰡ
군ˣ
ƭˣڳ˿ͷ˰ɡ
ж񱨣ɵúá

˶һͬؿ壬һЩƭˣֻ
վǿɲΪһƭӶﲹ̵ŵӣǲֵá
ֱƭ֮ǰҲʲô˶ƭսҡͷһЦ
˶Ϊˡ
ԼҲôãЦؿҶǳ˵Ҫɱɱɣòǧʯ
ȥɣҶǳĮ˵漴ʩչռȭȫɢҵĽ⣬һǿȭƵ
أ
âɡ
Ҷǳȭͷһ̫ҫʱգʱⳤ֮УпֲںƵţڲϢǳֲ
һ̣˶ܵв׷׺ˡ
Ǹŵæ򣡡
վǲ
ߣҶǳһȭƣʱеĹâʧˣҲָƽ
Զˣ˿ղǶо˾޴ѹ·һɽѹͷ档
ǰǰ
ԼأóǧʯЦǰҾֻǧʯûˣضˣԼ
Ҷǳɨһۣǧʯ漴˵ҲԵˣĵرʲôĶԡ
ʱһҪٹ˰ûѡֻܲĵóԼһЩĵرչʣµһǧ߰ʯ
ʵϣЩ涼ֵǧʯˣҶǳ˵ֵֻһǧʯҲû
ǰûʯˣҪɱҪУʹɡڵϣ˵
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵ʲôʱ˵ҪɱˣղҲֻѡ
Ͼɱ޹֮ˣΪƭҪɱˣղֻŻ壬ôҲǸһѵ
˵꣬ҶǳǰȥΧ˶Զÿһ·ƾߵǰ
ǰҶǳ漴е
Ȼû󷨣ȴǿǰһλʮսȥˣ֪ʲô
ۿҶǳЦ˵ۣǲ̵һмֽ飬֪մ
ȻҪύҶǳϾԷǲ̵İ벽𣬵λֵýύ
ңҲҪȥݴģǰύһЩݵǿߣҲбҪġ
ҽҶǳһûʲô顣Ҷǳ˵
ɫһͣЩΣһʹϵڿҶǳƺһЩͷ
̵ľҲܼҡ
ҡͷЦЦ˵ûʲôҺһҲֻƼˮѡԭҶ֣ҶǵһǶޣȻҲᱻƭˡ
ǵһޣҲǵһյ֪ʲô֮ôѵû˽ȥ𣿡ҶǳʵһЩϢ
ưԶ£յ˽⣬Ӧû˻ȵˡ
ʲôģʲôҲûСԶսߵ
΢΢Цһλʮһսݵؽȥͱ˳ʲôҲû˵֪濴ʲô
˳ҶǳɫһЩ𾪵ʮһǵս񣬼վ½۷壬ʲôܹסȷǱųģ
Ȼȷʱڳλʮһս񾪽һȻʹŵس̾뿪յߵ÷ǳæ˵


984 
Ҷǳüͷʮһǵս񶼱ųʲôؿ϶ΣޱȰɡ
ǣҪȥôܵõ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷǳۣʵѵû̽𣿵λߵʮһսѵû˵ʲô𣿡
ߣû˵ʲôѾˣյøɸɾۻûлش𣬲Զսߵ
ۿЦһҲͷ˵ս˵Ĳλߵʮһս񣬻û߶Զ˱̶Ƭ֮䣬ճ˻ҽӴԺ󣬾Ҳû˸ҽȥ̽ˣҲҡ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬һʮһսȻˣѹֻŵû˽ȥ̽
һ²⣡
ʱһֱû˵ʤпˣЩ䣬˵дţ˵ѾΪ񣬶һΪǿﵽʮһǼԲ׾ٵɱλʮһս񡣡

ԣһľ
ǳϡ٣ȴǿ
½ʷϣÿһѪȷ硣
ҶǳҲ֪Ǳǵ껹ʱ򣬼
ǰԼػںˣӶΪֻǺ뿪֪ȥˡ
ҶǳҲѰҹȴûҵһﲻ֪صȥˡ
ǿҶǳҲǷǳģڲ̵Ĳ֮У͵֪
ǵػΪģٶ޵вεţΪģǾεš
ԣһλ񣬶һʮһս񼶱ôʵ¶ԽһЩʮǿߣ½ͷĿֲڡ
ּǿߣֱ޵ˣ˵˭֮⣿
Ҷǳüһʵܳư½ˣûҪڰɡ
˭֪أҲǴţǼҲû֪ʤҡͷ
ۿЦִŸ޷֤ʵΪû˸ҽ
ȥʲôҿҲûʲôбҲᱻջˡսߵ
ҶǳĬǰ̽鿴һ̽ȥͱǿٻˣŵټ̽ˡ
ƣǰְܾܲɡ
Ҫ֪֮УƽǺҵõģλᣬҪҵһǼֱ졣
ʱһȥˣ˶ڵȴ䱦յ緢ҶǳȴڿǷҪ
λʮһսˣҶǳĴ̼ܴ󣬱Ͼ̫Σˡ
ȥ޷õ
ʣµкڰںڰԨΣգ׻Ȼȫ̤Σͬòپ翵Ĺ𣬸ټ
Ψǰ𣬲ǿüţʵʵھǰԶڡ
Σղ棬Ҷǳڳ˼濼ǣںʧӶȷԼǷ
µʱȥˣյȻһ漴һƬͬһȺǻƺҹһâǳҫۡ
緢ˡ
յ
緢Ķǹս

ȺʱˣһӰȺץȥ
յ緢ıǹ䱦緢һЩĵرȵȡ
ʱЩƲǣ㶼һЩŸֹսĹţٶȺܿ죬Ҳܶ࣬мǧ
ЩŵĴСȣһģһ֪һصĹ
һжֻƾ˵õĹս˵õûõĹս˸ˣʧ
ҶǳҲǳ棬ӼѸپץסһţĿһɨʱһս
սǿ󣬶˵ֻһߡּսڲ֪ж٣ûʲôô
˺Ҷǳٶץȡ˼ţõĹսûõģҪôСսҪôһЩͨĹǴ½ɫ
ҶǳҡҡͷЩʧ
ǺǣҶ֣һ緢αǰζûʲôöֻһβŻһЩöǵ緢Զ۵Ц
Ҷǳ˵ͷԭˣ緢ߴεĻǰ漸ûʲôöҲˣÿζ緢öݡޡݵǿ߶ˡ
Ȼ緢ĶҲͶս񡢰սãÿζֻƷԶ


985 
յ緢֮󲻾ã䱦Ҳʼ緢ˣһЩҩĵرȵȣЩôǶһЩԼòϣܴǡ
Ҷǳȡ˼ȡˣһЩòŵɫαظЩ᣿̫ˡ
Ⱥ֮УһĿ죬Ǿϻ
Ҷǳٹˣν磬ȻҪһЩ
Ҷǳߵǰ棬˼
Զۡս졢ʤЩ֣ΪǸоҶǳƺжӡ
һòҪɣ۴ˡ
սߵ
ϾǴɵӣ϶ޱȽΪԼµʱ·һʤЦ
Ǳᴳȥġҡҡͷͬǰ벽εţԷɵӡ
Ȼ⻰ո˵꣬ͿҶǳȥˡ

˶ʱɴ۾š
ΧˣڿһĻҲǾ
Ȼˡ
ˣķˣǿʮһսȥĵط
̵ŵӵ̫ˡ

۷׷ס
ȺУҲ󾪣æҶֵܣǿǳΣգ˻
˶ǲؿЩȺ⣬ϾҶǳٹĶȻ˼ҵģʲôԵ±Թ
ʵǲ֪ȻƭˣҲԼĵߣĵģδһˡ
ţ
ѾҶǳȻĻɵҲ¶֮ɫתͷ壬΢΢һ㶣Ϊ岻˵ٻĲϣȰ˵
ΣԷ˵ٻһ۾ܿó
˼һƭӣȻģǸǰࡣöˣǼһûʲôģҪǱ˽ҴҺͼͱƭˡҶǳҡͷһЦ
漴һ֣ʱһŰһЩȥ
ЩļǧʯһЩĵرȵȣ塣
⡭
õЩ󣬶ʱһ㶡
Ҳһ㶡
ҲһĲ졣
ʲô
ˣôȻ֮ͻԹˣδҲ̫Ϸ绯ˡ
Ҷֵܣ⡭㶵ؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ǵԺҪƭˣƭˣҲҪǰԷϾ㲻ÿζˡ
˵꣬ԥֱӳȥ
Ҷֵܣܽȥæղ鼱֮ºģģҲ⣬һȴʵˡ
䣡
һųҵ̫𣬺ȻҶǳð˳˶Уֵס
漴ҶǳӰʧڡ
̫𣡡
ˣɫһ
һﾹȻӵ̫𣡡սɫأ֪ԼСҶǳ˼ֱɲ⡣
һȲ̵顢һӿ¶Ҫǿ˵
ʤЦ̫ҲûãʮһսɱĴڣԶԸģˡ
֪̰ͨɣôҲǶɣһˡ˵
սʤûǽҲҪȥݴģȻҪύһЩݵĴɡ
ҶֵܣѰ·Զеǰɵһ̾Ϣ
Ҷǳ˻ǲģƭôңֻǴһЩûɱڣǰЩˣһ˰
ҶֵܣҲһԵˣǳˡҾ͸鱮ԺÿʮյҶ㡣ˣлһȥ̣ʦʦֵܸ֪Ϣ
˵꣬ڸһʯʯȻǰ
Ŀɿڴؿһɻ֮ɫ֪ϼһҪʲô
ܿǾ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ΪʱóһѽʯϵһЩ̵֣һҶǳ֮Ĺֿ
Ҳ
һȺޱȺգһɫŹ֣ϻȻٸҶǳĹ
ҲƤ˳飬֮
⻹û꣬Ҷǳ֮󣬻ĹǰһЩݲݣóһЩƲˣŪһЩֽ
ҪҶǳųˣʯϵ־Ҫˡҡҡͷ
սʤҡҡͷһ
ʱҶǳ֪嶼ԼĹڽ֮󣬾ͿһµӰ𣬱һɫ͸֫ؿڣһ޴Ĺͭϡ
˿̣Ҳ̧ͷҶǳһ˫һӣӳĩյĴֲҶǳ궼ڲ


986 Զǿ
ڽǰҶǳԤϹܶೡһһΣյû뵽ǰ
ټĹȻֻǹѺһˣʲôˣΪʲôôֲһ˫Ҷǳ궼ڲ
ǰ׶ߣȫ¶ųȵԶʱĻɢſµơ
۾޾Ļ棬ϸĻԿǳ׹䣬ɽ緢ѿĩճ
˴Ƥӣ¶иָطģ̻ؿ棬飬˸ŽɫĹԣ˿ӵĪ⡣
˼һսļСˣӵͦġܹշ̫Ҳ㲻ˡ
סĻӶҶǳ˵
Ҷǳʱޱ𺳣ǰ˵ʵֲ̫ˣҲǼʶ㣬ʮһս񼶱սʦΪͰԽߵս
ΪǰԽߣԶԶȲӡ
ֻв̽ϢҶǳоЩӽ´˲ʮһս񼶱ҲѾ̤ʮս񼶱
ʮս񰡣Ѿվ½۷壬ǾͷԳưһɣа¡
ǰ֪մҶǳСʵʱ˿ǰλǿû϶֡
ҵ֣
ԣ¶ã֮ɫ漴ҡҡͷ̾ϢұһʱˣѾǡ
ǰԶʱ飿Ҷǳ֮ɫ
ϸʱϹʱһʱԶʱ˱һʱӦɹϹʱ֤Զʱ顣
ȷԶʱˡʱ鰡ӵ޾ԪѾˡҡͷ̾Ϣ
񡭡
ҶǳɫһȻǰһǳġ
ΪǾͷǳֲˣټпʮսʵԲȲ̵Ľ٣Ȼһ޵еĴ֡
ԭǰ񣬴˵ôĪǰ񣿡Ȼ˲²⣬Ҷǳʵ
ǰĻӵ˵ͷ˵ţҾǣȻġ
ôǰ𣿡Ҷǳ漴
ӵ˵ֻһţɡ
Ҷǳʹ˽̸Ƭִ̣˲ǺܱŰûж¶ɱ⣬ǵλʮһսΪλᱻɱأ
Ҷǳв⣬ʳ⡣
˵ǸСӰöˣҶˡҶǳãһżЦС̫ˣȻҪңҲûɱֻסҵ𣬿˵ԼɱԼ
ҶǳĿɿڴоλʮһսǰ׳գȻҪһλʮս񼶱жôΪԼǵ
Сӣ߰ɣûʲôֻǹѺҵŷ˱ӿҶǳ˵
ҲΪҶǳҲӵӿЩ˳ۡ
ҶǳƬ̣漴˵ǰҪ𣬲֪ǰǷֳܹһ㱾ԴңǰʲôԸᣬܹõһ岻ݴǡ
ţ
ԣʱһǿѹʱҶǳ˶ѹƵĲڵϡ
䣡
һ˲䣬ҶǳϱҵĹâѪ߶˼ޣ߾ȫֵǿѹ

ӳһ䣬漴˵㶼Ѿӵ̫ˣһ֪ӵ³ǻֱӱ塣ңұܹʲôԸܹҳȥȻܡ
Ҷǳ߾ȫڵֵѹ֪Լûѡõ벻ĵطеڶ
ԣҶǳ˵ǰܲ飬Ҫȳǰﵽʮս񼶱һȳǰǰȫ
˵꣬ضǰĻһ
ҳȥЦҶǳҪҳȥΪʮս񻹲ΪʵǣƾʲôΪֳܹҿصǱ
Ҷǳһϲæ˵ǰ벽𡭡
ֱӴһЦ½𶼳ܹ࣬Ϊģȴָһ벽ҪΪֱ졣
Ҷǳüͷ漴ƺʲôҧҧһӷųڵ
˲䣬̫𡢺ڤħ𡢷˲𡪡ȫҶǳϱ
ʲô
ӵɫڱˣֻ۾Ҷǳ¶ŵĿ⡣


987 
ΧҶǳ壬Χתֱ۵İڶ趯·ѾΪһ֡
ǳģҪ֪𰡣ÿһǶһ޶Ĵڣܹӵһ־ѾҫˣҶǳȴӵֱ̫ˡ
һ̣ǿ޵еĻӶ𾪣Щš
˻
ãӵһ𾪵ĿҶǳ˵Ȼշѹָҵûв´ĻҪռȫŴȻɴ˵еʮǿսʽ԰ɣ
ǰӢҶǳ˵ͷûԷȻ֪ʽôܹµһҲ
û뵽侹Ȼ˿һ޵սӶҶǳ䣬ɢżǿĴ͸ƺҪҶǳ
ţЩ⣬Ȼɶ𡣡ȻӿһʲôȻԭҪӵʣɷʽ
Ҷǳʵǰ֪㲻Ǳ
ԳƬ̣漴ͷȻ츳ЩͣռȫŴɷʽôȷкܴʳΪֻҪﵽʮս񾳽磬пܾȳҡ
Ҷǳղ֪ǸƻǸˣƵǶԷȻ˵Լ츳ͣҪ֪һλ벽𣬶ұһİ벽Ҫǿ󰡣Ȼ˵츳ͣʲôЦ
˵ǻϿôͿԵõˣٶһ𣬻ʵһ¥츳ҲǿӽӽΡ
ͣ
ʱһʵ֣ɢżΪǿıԴӷ˳ƯǰİС
ҶǳԴʱˡ
㷢İɣʱ򣬱˾ҳȥֹͣӵ˵ֻԣ
û⣡ҶǳԴ˲û⣬ȳӣôԴķϣȻ˾ȳӣ±ָ췢ġ
ݣ
Ҷǳ֮󣬻ӱ¶ЦݣǰžͳҶǳȥ
ҶǳõԴ˷ܣȲضԻ˵ǰ̡
ɣû˿Դ㡣ӵ˵ͷҲܺҶǳҪ𣬱ϾҶǳѾӵˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷŻӵʵȷһ㣬¾ʮһǡʮսˣҲܴԼ
£Ҷǳϥ£ʼ߶壬Դ
ɲֱɣǿнΪԼһ֡
䡪
һųҵĹâʱ
Ҷǳץеھţ·ʲôΣһ
һ̣ԱߵĻӶܵΣɵ֮ɫ
СΪ㣬¶ܰʣֱĿǡ
ӶҶǳ֮ͻȻһĨɱ
漴ɱɢˡ
ȷҶǳǶкܴвһҶǳɳҪɱ׾٣ľԿǡ
ǣڱɱҶǳͲɱҶǳʲô
ңҶǳֵôǱʹҶǳδкܴʾȥ
ټҶǳѾˣҲͲҶǳԼԺҶǳΪбˡ
εԵֻ֣ҪҶǳΪУԷҲ

ãҶǳ˫һֳһǸոɵ
ͬʱΪҲս۷徳磬ΪǴﵽѪ۷徳硣
û뵽Ҳͻˣ֮ǿ󣬿ҵ츳Ҳˡ
ҶǳһԼ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һĽôԣҪһаտεš
ŴռȫԼᳬԽһ𶼲Ķ֡

ȻĻӿ̾û뵽һ𣬶츳ô࣬ͻˣҪ㼯ȫ˾Ŵ𣬿аٷ֮ٵļΪ
⻹ҪлǰĳȫҶǳվǰĻӹһ漴ЦܹҵѾˣҲֻо׻аջáǺڰ͹Ҳûжٰˡ
ڰӦþںڰԨԶʱʱ򿴵ϲڰԨֵطڹ𡭡
üͷ˵ھŴ֮УѰҵı͹ˣй˵֮УΨʱ̳ϣδˣĵ죬ŻữΪ𡣡


988 ӡ
ڹҶǳѾڲڲѯˣԷǳͬʱҲǳΡ
˵ҪõѶ̫ˣܵõ
Ͼϲ⣬˭һӶϣ͹
Ҷǳ־ǿɣ
Ҳжθе˵û˿һӶгϣ͹Ͼÿ˶ּѺΣй־˭ֱܼһӣ
⻹һѵ㣬һѵʱơ
ΪҵһӶгϣ͹ˣҲҪȵȻһ죬ɱС
˵ˣҶǳҲ²Ǹ֡
֮еѶ̫ˣֱ޾֮ѰҪѡ
ֻܿĻԵˣܹ˴Ҳ˲ˡҡͷ˵
ȻҲΪҶǳҵõ
ʵϣԹһִ˵ûʷ˻ù
ǰ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҵҲûжٰգ²ٿǣʵǰյ˭ãʵ˭סأ
ԣɫʱͷһʱ䣬ҡͷһǳµ㻹ǲҪ֪ˣΪһ֣ͻӦע⵽㣬ҲپҳȥˣԼΣա
ʲô
Ҷǳ𾪵ôֲ֣ܸӦõʵҲֲ̫˰ɣǵ𣿡
ǵӵ˵ͷһǵеĳǿߣšô˵ɣԶʱǿߣû֮һǸʱǿˣһ˱Զʱֱ˯ˣſϹʱ
˻
Ҷǳһ
ʵѾ޷ˡ
ưһʱĳǿߣжôֲɵӶõ
ڶЩˣԺ˻ӣôλǿҪ鷳
ǺǣСӣǲǺˣӵֱǳһӾͿҶǳ˼
ҶǳҲû˵ͷЦЩڣҼȻˣȻԼԡ
ҲаһԣΪͻֹͣɲһӶһ磬ôȥҰ
ǺǣҲ̫ˣܹΪҼ˾Ŵѧ˷ʽҲͿˡЦ˵
ҶǳһɵʵǰʽǿʮǿսУǲǿģ
Ȼǿģӵ˵ͷ˵ȻҲ֪ʽΣǾͳҪŴܷӳȫһ㣬֤ǿ󡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷŴȫۼһ𣬿˵ǿˡ
ȻҶǳüͷһЦǰ㲻վͬһϵˣϾҪȥǾ͵þΪС
һֱӴĻмСǲҪõʲôôˣҶ𣬻ܸʲôô
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ӿ˼ҶǳһҲû֮ɫЦ˵ǰûʲôңϾԶʱĳǿߣѵһЩǿĹս𣿱˵ʮǿսûУ
ԵҶǳ˵㶼ѧ˷ʽˣ̰ʮǿսķʽԺɨսˡ
ҶǳЦǰҲ֪ʽñ֪ҿҵĻһЩ׵ǿ߻ץȥƬоҪ֪ڵʵ赲Щ˶ԷʽĿ顣ԣ򲻵ѣǲй¶ѧʽϢ
ʵϣԴѧʽ֮󣬾һֱսΪֹҲֻѪһ֪
Ѫ޵ԸЩ˽⣬֪˲ֻ˵ˣҶԷҲŶ̷ʽܵĴ㣬׼֮ٱѧʽܡ
һҶǳͿһʱˡ
Ժ󼴱Ϣ¶ˣôʱѾɳΪǿˣѾԱ֮ˡ
˵Ҳеգ˵ͷ漴ʮǿսҵȷһţҲգͽ̸ɡ
ҶǳʱղҲֻ̽һ£ϾǰλԶʱĳǿߣ˵ԺһЩõĶû뵽ܹõһʮǿսֱ̫ˡ
һʮǿսӡ̫ʱʹڵǿսܲѧͿˡ
˵գ˫֮жʱⱬ貵Ĺ⻪·ֱ͸Ҷǳ꣬һƬ嫵ϢֱӴݹ
Ƿӡ
Ҷǳһϲæ۾


989 ҩ԰
ҶǳԺܾˣӡȻѶȺܴ󣬵ɲ͸ˣ
ܰȫһлָ㣬Ҷǳþӡõѡ
һҶǳʱš
ת¹ȥˣͽӡˣȻӳȲϷʽѾռǿˣķʽ
ϾһʮǿսҶǳռȻǱܴ󣬵ûнռƶ۷壬ֻеΪʱռ²Żﵽʮǿսĳ̶ȡ
⻹ֻǳļӡҲԽԽǿչֳʮǿսĿֲ
ˣԲԼɡӿҶǳչɵõͷ˵ȻҶǳԣǱȽ͵ġ
Ҷǳ̧ͷӣЦǰʲôսҵʵ𣿡
Сӻ̰ģһ㶣漴˷ۣҶǳ̫̰ˣѾѧʮǿսˣҪٶࡣ
ǰҲΪǰֻʵǿˣѵ𣿡ҶǳһΪ㿼ǵ˵
ƲƲߣҪôֱ˵òþҵ¶ǰ档
ҶǳԺЦЦ
ӿҶǳҡͷĽǿǱ󣬸ҪѧϰĹս㶼ѾѧʮǿսˣٶҲʵ˷ʱ䡣ҪʵĻֻΪ¹߾Ѱʣµ𡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ǰָһ
ֻܿԼȥѰңҲﲻ㣬Ϊҵ֪һطкܴİӺȻ۾һУЦ
Ҷǳ״ͻȻֲõԤУǰһﲻʲôıɣΪΪӲͷƤʵǰʲôطʲô
һҩ԰ҩʥҹȵȣϰ½ֵĵرӺٺЦ
ⲻܣҶǳԣû𾪣ҡͷǰͲҪȤˣĻֺõطУҲͱˡ
Ц˭᣿
ôѵҩ԰ҶǳӲ˵Цɵõһ֮ɫ
ߵȻУҩ԰Զʱģ˾ǰǸһͳԶʱռĵرҩ԰档
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ҶǳٻˣסӵˣͳԶʱȻռĵرܹŪҩ԰Ҳûʲôֵþȵˡ
ǰҩ԰ѵһֱ浽ڣû˷𣿡Ҷǳ漴ɻ
ߵԾֶڸҩ԰ҩ԰Ƕ½һռ䣬ǲ֪ȷĵص㣬ҲҲҽȥһΣ֪
ҶǳǰһȻ֪ôܣΪλѵй¶ҩ԰Ϣ𣿡
Ǻǣ˵ҩ԰й¶ҡͷĺö˾ֶαţҲᵽ֮Ըҩ԰ҲֻϣȥһЩͼıЩ߼ıñ𶯣Ƕиɱ󱣻ȥΣգ˵ˡ
ҶǳʱȻ򣬻ӸԼҩ԰ֻҪԼȥȵѡȻҲ˳㱨һλԶʱͳߡ
ˣðҩ԰ϢǧԼһ˽ȥҵһȥٶѵ
Ҷǳ²ˣɻؿӣǰΪΣΪʲôҪһЩ֣Լһ˽ȥǸ𣿡
ߵһҩ԰˾ͻ֪Ȼʱע⵽㣬Ҳʲô³ġ
ԭˣҶǳһЩµ˵ǰ˼ˣҹϢΪ˽ȥʱһУ֪˴£Ҳرעҡ
ԣӵ˵ͷûнǰǲҪע⵽֮У͵Ѱ
ʹҩ԰λøҶǳ
ȻǴ˵أҶǳ֮Щȣƺû뵽ҩ԰ȻλǸط
ˣȥɣҪ緢һαˣһ緢ϣյͻաڴ֮ǰ뿪һյڣдΣ٣ʱɡӴߴٵ
ҶǳȻ֪յ֮ʲôΣҲϣԼʮ꣬ϾͶǰĻһȻȥ


990 
ҶֵܰĺòҰ
ҶֵܣǾǿ㲻ҵȰ棬ô棿
뵱꣬һλʮһսΪΪʲôƫҪȥأ
Ҷֵܰǲ̵İ벽𣬾װˣܶеġ
ҶֵģԺÿյҶݼ㡣

ǰϥҶǳĹǰһŻֽһ߰̾Ϣ
ԶһȺ޵߶Ҳ˷ۡ
˶û壬Ƕǰյ䱦Ϊ緢һα
תţһľͽթҶǳֽʵעҲ棬׼Żᱦ
Ȼ˶ûע⵽һӰѾ߳ſڴһųҵš
ʣҶǳΪڸǣټ˵ע棬û˷ſڴҶǳ
ҶǳҲûмڳȥΪ˿̵ɴ۾ſڵǿ޴Ĺ˶ľ
̵һҶǳ֮Ĺֿ
ּԾɷ裬Ʋ
ȻҶǳֻоһƣԼЩЦãû뵽Ȼ˿Ĺһڸֽݼ
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Ҷǳǳ鶯һ£Զ壬к޲ʹһ١
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Ҷǳ漴ĿͶԶ䱦յ
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ˣҶǳע䱦ϣ׼ᱦ
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ȻҶǳΪѾˣǶ޵ЩɢޣȫƴһЩš
ɢ˵ȱ㣬һսһԴ
յ䱦ֲǵȱ㣬ЩɢǶԴ˷ǳ
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֮ǰļ緢˻ƣûɱƴ
ڣѾвˣһƬңϡ
ΪЩţѾвɱ۾
ҲڳᣬҲǵвɢޣŵɢ޶ҽӽǡ
ֱйŶ֮󣬳вŻָƽ
ûã䱦Ϳʼ緢ˣһƬĹͬһ㻮Ʋ񷣬˺ա
һ˸ӷˣ˵ȱǿĹսΨԴҪġ
ɱȣɫͬ˪֣ΧɢޣܵĹ
սͬһսֱſץһƬţȻһȭɨܣɱǰŵɢޡ
ҵʤҲڳ֣һᣬŵɢǲš
ַǳɱһЩɢ֮ҲӦˣŵˣϾҪҲȲԼСҪ
ͷǳԶԶԷˣ뿪ԲϣȻջ񲻶࣬ȴܰȫ
䣡
ڴʱһǿϢȻڱǿµѹڳ˶ɫһ䡣

˲ԼͬؿǿҶǳӰ߳ȫͫһ𾪺Ͳš
ҶֵܡҲ±ˡ
ǲҶǳ̤һƾͷԱĹɨһۣŵɫڨڨβѡ
ʱҶǳøϻֱ̽ƣգץϵһƬš
ʱϷ߰˳ɵĹţֻһЩɢᡣ
ҶǳɲžϾˡ


991 
䣡
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𾪣Щɢ޷׷ױˡ
ڸʳҲֹһ˵ģռݵĵ̣ܵҶǳַ
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ߣҶǳһͬһȭӭȥǿһ¥ս˶ɳȥѪ硣
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˵ɴ۾š
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սɴ۾ԶҶǳɫѿʵôǿôࣿ
֮ǰյΧҶǳսȻһСţһսҶǳ
ǷţҶǳϱ޷ֵ
ΪıǺǣȥĻҲʵġҶǳЦ˵̽ץյĹš
ԵˣƤһ飬׷ҡͷı˭ҽȥȡ
Ȼ֪ʲôԭҶǳԻ߳˿ɲҽϾʮһǵս
䣡
Ҷǳ޼ɵץеЩţЩŶһģһģҸ̽ӣҲ֪ʲôֻһԵȫץȡٲҲõıɡ
ֻȫʳĵ̶ᣬʣµɢȲ
Ҷ֣δҲ̫Ե˰ɡ۴һڳˣΪռݵĵ̣д붼Ҷǳˡ
кܲˬ֪ҶǳʵǿҲ˲ֱ࣬ӶֹҶǳ
Ϊ֮һʲôʱ裬һǿޱȣֻ˵ģûб˸ġ
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ڳֵʱ򣬾ȻҲıϣֱźգһӣһƷɳȥ貵Ľ⣬һգ߹Ҳ񷣬¡
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䣡
һƬ貵Ĺâʱˡ
ޱȴۣ˲֮
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ս졢ۣǶ޵ĳţǰ벽ǷݣָĶš
ڣȴҶǳ͸ӳгҶǳǿ
ǲ̵ţȻս۶㣬ҲĶ֡ҲҪԿϾܲսˣų򡣡
ʤпҲˣɫˣг˷ڵս⣬һλս޵еŮ񣬳ֽɱҶǳ
ݣ
ҫʮأ˪âޱȣƵǧɳ
ʤеĽǳǿ󣬸ҪǣӿֳսҶǳЩݣŮ˼ֱΪսģѹֽʤУȻˡ
սսսսֽԽսԽǿǳǿ󡣡
ҶǳʤеĽ΢΢һֽҲᣬǳǿ󣬱ռ
ȻҲǽ֣ϸܵԶԶԽҵǿ󽣵ҿɡʤйâޱȳʢսǳǿң˶˷ܺͼ
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ռ
Ҷǳֳɫؽ˵ʶʱˣƥľâһ񽣡
ৣ
ռһֱʤеĿǣսҶǳѹƵģ˲䵹ɳȥѪ硣
Ƚ֮ͬУҶǳѾվ˾Ե۷壬û֮һ


992 ճ
ʲô
ʤȻˣȴ˸ŻȵĿ⣬ҶǳϵսԽǿˡ
ڶݺô꣬ǵһμʶǿĽһ߽˵̼̫ˡ
ռ
Ҷǳ˵漴ٶȳ֣ʣµĴƬҲ
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ս졢ɫޱѿ˭֪һ϶ֵǵô죬ȴҶǳȻˬ
ʤУռ֮У˶ƴסһһֻ˸Ž⣬Ȼ
Ҷǳ΢΢ĿʤһۣЩȣŮ˾ȻΪռ츳Ҫռǳ˵Ρ
ռҶǳ֪Žļ£ռվλǰĻϡ
һλǽʣһλǽ˶ڽߵ˼ޣҶǳΪõǵĴУٽںϣӶԵɺ֮²ռ
˵ҶǳľǲܸƵģ漣
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ۡս졢ʤǣҲٹעҶǳһյȥ
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֪ˣҶǳһۣ΢΢˵ͷһҲǲʶˣһıԵǲ
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ҶǳԺȴǸֳлӵΰӰǿݺԶʱĳǿߣȴڴ˵أ½˶δ֪
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ˣ죬ҵ֮·ԶءҶǳ̾һ˿̬
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ţҶǳ˵ͷҪճǵĴ󷵻ݣĻԼ˲ƻȥǵõȵ£

ͬʱǰ뿪һȺʿҲٻصճǡ
Щ˵Ļع飬յڵһЩҲ˳ȥ
ʣҶǳ֣״ճǣʿ𶯡
һܶƽֱ漣ôܲ𺳣
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ϻ˵ݲ̵İ벽𣬱츳Ͳ֮¡˵̵ͨĸѧǿǿù𣿡
ҲֻǶԶ޶ѣǲ̲½ǲ̵Ľǿ½һͷϵĸǿߡ
Ҷǳ¼ʹҲһĳš

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ۡս졢ʤ˻ճڣΧеĴ̶
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Ҷǣ
սƢ꣬ŭ˫Ŀ죬ȭͷÿ֨죬˵ڶѪȻֲܱ߷ڲѡ
Ҫȥչأձؽ̤ݣҶǳս췢йһ֮漴ۺʤĿᶨ˵Ȼȥ
ۺʤĬȻ
Ƭ̺ʤҲŴȥ˵ˣ죬ҶǳһΡֻһСڴ˾ֱͬ졣ս˵ĶԣҲҪչأձؽݣɵĳһϳ̡
ۿ뿪ĬƬ̣漴һЦ׳գҶǳɵˣȴҪ顣Ҷǳ֮ǰûôǿʵһʵȴͻͽΪһΡʣ϶֮еõʲôǰ׳û뵽һ㣬Ǿֻóȫˡ
£۳ճǵĳȥ


993 ½Ʒ
ճǡ
һҾ¥֮УϯҶǳ
ܶ˶ĽǰΪıһҶǳķɣֵˣǰѾ¥Χ
쿴ǾҶǳ̵ĳš
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ƽܾǷ豹ɣˣ֮ӣĳš

ҶǳעӣĿϵǳޱȵҫۣ貶Ŀ
岻ϵؾƣ⣬Ȼ֮ǰҶǳںҶǳѾ˶Թ˲ʶҲ˽顣
ܹҶǳĴеǳļ˷ܣƾһ㣬Ժ˭С
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յһ緢ȡ߰˳ɣЩ
˵һ緢ıȷвٺöеõžʥӡ
֮⣬һЩ԰Ϊ
ѹôţһ緢ıȻôö
ҶǳʱЦݡ
ЩԼԳһսԲˡ
ս񾳽磬ҲԶˡ
뵽˴ҶǳӸˣʹ

ճǳ
һߺŲ裬һڴڵȴţµ죬ɫɺƽû¶ʲôŭ֮ɫ
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һճǳȻҵôãۺôҵδҵļһҲҵңߣ絶ޱ
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ΪˣҵҲֻܵ
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½ƷԣʱԾ˵˶Ƕ֣ѵս񼶱ϱ֣԰˵ݣĸϱָΪѹǣ
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ԭˣǵһ
½Ʒһ֣ʱͲٳԾˣպݶɣȻ̵֪ǿ
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ٺ٣ճǵһҾ¥ںȾأۿ½ƷЦ


994 Σ
½ƷĿⲻ˸һǰۣͻȻЦĿˣǻڵõʲôҪֶ֮
ǱҲã̺ʲôܣ³֮ƽ֣ΣۼԼ˼½ƷɿҲû˿ţһƽŵ˵
ⲻԼʵţΪ֮һĵڡ
½ƷɳƬ̣漴Ʋ֣㵹㣬ҵĵﲹ̣ȴҪճǶ֣浱½ĳǰ׳𣿡
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ۼ˵ҲһҼҴҵ󣬷£罭ӣ˼ɣܹȻﲹֻ̡ճǶ֣Ļ󡣡
ͣ½ƷЦһۣƾʲôճƾʲôҪҺҪֵĻճȫԶ̱ƾʲôҪҺ
ƾǶ޵֮һһȻ˵
½Ʒɣ˵³֮󣬲̱Ȼ½ͨǣΨҳ֣ܰ١
½Ʒߵ˵ĲֻҪҲȥǲֺ̣αңߣҪԼȥְɡ
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۵Ļƽÿһ仰ž޴ջ½ƷɵĶòԼĶˡ
ԣߵſڵʱ½Ʒת俴ۣ˵ҿԳ֣ö췢ģһ·֮вǿ׷ɱҸӶˣұ
Ц˵ģȻǿ󣬵ֻҪǲ̵ĽԽ٣ⶫ޴أҪסһˣ㲹Ҳ޿κΡ
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½ƷţֻҪǸڶޣ㲹Ҳκβǡ
ˣ
½Ʒȥ΢΢𣬶ʱ¶һĨЦ
ҶǳΣⶫޣҪɱˣԼ֣õ
۹һЦ漴뿪ǰҶǳڵľ¥׼֣˳ճɹ

ͬʱ½Ʒÿһţľϥһ߹˵ʦ棬ͽ
һۣͷ׷ѩƤ·Ѿĺꡣǵ۾һ˫ڵӣȴͬޱߺ嫵Ǻӳ޾ǹ⣬ޱȡ
Ʒɰ߿½Ʒɣоⱬ漴¶οЦݣ̾ãû뵽̤˰ս񾳽磬Ҫ˶ñҪ׷ʦˣ㸸һʤãǳá
߷ǳˣΪһϱǿߣСԽ϶е죬ԼͽͽﳬԽֻе˺Ժ
ԹΪʦߣͽܳԽԼͽܲԼ
ʦˡ
½Ʒǫҡҡͷ漴ɫ࣬Ҷǳһһ
Ȼ˻Ŵڳˣ
һ
Щš
ôܣǡߺȻֹסйâ˸ϡ
½ƷԸо߻лɵúʦ棬֪ʲô𣿡
ɫһ䣬̶ҡͷҪʣǲҿ̽ѰܣСӼȻųˣǾһ
½Ʒɵ˵ͷ˵ȻΪյ֮һڿ϶˲õıһǵõ˵ʦΪͻƣҸҲпܻͻƣʱճһԱȼ壬ưԶޡ
ߣھͶСӵݣв̣ǿɱվɫ


995 ߲
Ҷֵܣһ·˳簡пĳȥȾơճǵĴ㳡ϣŴԱߵҶǳֵ
֮Ҷǳ׼뿪ޣˡ
ϾҪ̵ĵ磬ڶʱõıӶΪսԲ硣
ЩҪʱ̫ˣϵһҪˣûôʱ˷ѡ
ڲ̵ĵͲһˣʱӳʮʡܳʱ䡣
Ҳౣأпң˲̱ҵּɡҶǳЦ
ʱ˷ܣԱߵһļʺĽ
ܼٻǷˣȻһɽԺ˭ҵ
ǿǲ̵İ벽𣬼ݶһ֮ӣδĳǿߣҵһɽ
һ˹ʺ˰

ΧĽͼʻֺǺǵЦţǳġ
ͬʱҶǳָ壬봫ڣʯ

һѤõİ׹ĿĹԣ㳡һƬ
ڴڣҵİ׹סҶǳնȥ
ڴʱҶǳȴоµĴȻһ㷢ְסİ׹ԽԽֱʧ
ţҶǳüͷһ壬Ŀ⣬͵Զ
ô£Զ׼뿪壬³ڴϵҶ죬ʱ졣
ΧˣҲ¶һɻ֮ɫ
ѾôͻȻֹͣˣ
Ҫ֪һܵȻǺֹסġ
ȻˣǾͲһˡ
Ҷ֣òճǣֺαؼ뿪أ֪Ϊճǲô֮˲̵콾ˡ
ȻһˬʵЦ
һ̣Ⱥ֮Զÿһ·һһߣڶ
½Ʒɣ
ԭٳѹֿԴϴĴ͡
֣ٳΪδҶǳĴͣѵµλ̵֮𣿡
оЩԾٳЩ߲ư

ΧȻ֪ԭ򣬵ȴо½ƷɵЩƣϾϱ˵ĴͣǲǲòˣֱǴˣǳ˲Żɵ顣
ȻʱҶǳ½ƷɵĿ⣬ķâ
Ҷֵܣ˽½Ʒɣճǳ½컪֮ӣҲǶ޵ţһ޵вεšæҶǳ֪Ҷǳһޣ֪ܲ½Ʒɵݡ
ҶǳԵ˵ͷֻǿ½ƷɵĿɱޱȣ˵ԭٳֻǲ֪ٳΪδҵĴͣĪûҲ̷
Ī˴ϴͣҲǺܲˬԲòѹһѹˣ޵嶼ϵﲹ̣˵һССճǡ
½ƷȴһЦ̣ôͷճȻҲѲ̷ҶǳҲֻǲ̵һССĵӶѣ㻹˲̡οǶޣճǣһҲøҹԹš
ȻѾˣ½ƷҲͲҶǳˣʲôֻҪõı˲Ҳϧ
վǶޣȻŲ̵ĴϾԶݣνɽ߻ʵԶǶڲ̵ĸȻô̡
ৣ
Ҷǳ۾½ƷɵĻʱ֪Է߲ƣⲻɵüĽ⣬գն½Ʒɡ
̲裬Ҷǳͬ衣
ҶǳҴ򣬸οһССճǳ֮ӡ
Ȼ˸Ȼ顣
䣡
ͬʱ½Ʒ˵ľ񶼴ﵽ۷壬ͬƥͬһ쵶ն֮УҶǳĿײš
Χ˷׷׺ˣǸܵǿѹЩ
˶ȻҶǳ½Ʒɲûж֣ǵľ־Ѿڱ˴˵Ŀ֮нˡ
ʱ˿ؿõҶǳУһϤӰڼţ˵ģ½Ʒɡ
½Ʒɵ֮УҶǳľ־ͬݻռһأֻسû
ߣ
ͻȻ½Ʒƺһ˶Ϣһң·ܵʲôƵġ
ҶǳһЦмؿ½Ʒɣ޵вΣǶ磬Ҳҽ棬ֱѰ衣
ԣʱڸղŵľ־֮УҶǳռϷ磬½Ʒɳ˿
˺ܺ棬ܸҶǳ½ƷƾʲôսҶǳ
ڴʱһǿƣȻ½Ʒϯ


996 ӡѹ
Ҷǳҳ츳ǿ츳վֻ츳ھԵΪǰ츳ٸΣ
½Ʒ̤նһǿϯ㳡ͬһһ㸩Ҷǳŵ˵Ѿ̤˰ս񾳽磬ǰ벽εţҲֻս񾳽磬ҵĶ֡
Ŵ½ƷɢĺϢ˶ʱȻԭ½ƷɸսҶǳĵڡ
ȷ츳ʱΪһΣǼصĲࡣ
ͨİսλҶǳԽնɱ
½Ʒ޵вεţԽսİս񼶱ΪǾ൱ͨľսˡ
벽𼶱ȻԽսҲֻԽһѣԽͲˣҲ
½ƷɾȻ˰ս񾳽硣
Ƕޣ½Ʒһֱѹ棬û뵽Ȼһ̤˰ս񾳽磬˲ð
ǲһˣӽǶһ˭ܿ½Ʒɣ
Ҳ̤ս񾳽磬򼴱ǰ벽Ҳв½Ʒɡ

Χ۷׷ף˶Ϊ½ƷӮˣϾΪ̫󣬽һ츳Ƹ޷ֲ
Ͼ½ƷҲһţɲͨİս
İսǸ½ƷЬ䣬׾ܱ½Ʒɻɱһε
ս񣡡
Ҷǳ۾Ŀ֮иһĨ֮ɫ޵вε츳ټϰս񼶱Ϊʵϣ½ƷѾս񼶱ˡ
ȻˣҶǳҲ壬ҲԼĵƣǰսͬһս
䣡
ǿƣҶǳϱϯ㳡
ûʲôϻҶǳս⣬̬ȡ
Һܺ棬ԩ޳ΪҪҳ֣ѵǲ̵ı
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Ҳɻ֮
Ͼһμ½ƷɣǰûкʲôԹ
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ϣ½ƷȭȭͷӨ͸ˮ۶ȭâޱȣһִ£ųޱԡ
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ৣ
Ҷǳޱȱ䣬û뵽ԷȻΪĪеģȻˣǾֻһսˡ
Ͼڻѧʮǿսǲܽģһ޵вεţҲֱǳ롣
ռȭ
½ƷһȭҶǳ㲻Ҳȭӳ
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Ǻǣõ츳ǿ󣬻ҵΪʤһ½ƷɿҶǳȻԼӲӲʱŭЦڵٶȱʹȭͷҫˡ
ͬˮһ̫֮ȭЯž֮ݺݵغշռ䣬ֲ˹
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ԶȺйսۿһȭɵͫһɵ
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Ϊľ޴࣬һ츳ֲġ
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Ȼ½Ʒɵһȭ֮£ǺƴƥľҲȭ飬µƳһ㣬ӿҶǳһٳɡ
̵ţˣ
½Ʒɸֶ̤գűɵҶǳȻ֮ɫ
ݵΣ°ܽ
ҶֵܡȺУһ֮ɫ֪ҶǳҪ׶༪ˡ
ĶţЩ˷ܣϾǶ֮ˣڵ֪Ƕ޵ҶǳܺȻˬڿ½ƷɻҶǳвɵһɿС
˵δ̫ˣ
ҶǳǵѪҺŶ½ƷɣȻӡһһ̩ɽһɿֲϢƴԶźʱ
ز顣
һ޴ΡӡҶǳͷϿգƷ£ѹʮء
죡ӡ
ҶǳͺһӡͻȻúܴڱգ˴أһž޴ǳЯΰ֮ݺݵѹ


997 ʮǿս
ӡѹء
ﶼս
һ̣ڳˣоϢѹ·ÿ˵嶼һɽѹˡ
һЩʵСˣ̲סڵϣЩҧվŵˣһ־֮ɫ
ʮǿսĿֲơ
½ƷɵҲ¶֮ɫʲôսôǿܵв
ãƷɿˣǴ˵еʮǿսԶ½ƷɶĻ߶ʱɫһ䣬ȵ
ʮǿս
ΧԣЩɻЩ¶֮ɫ
ȺУսɫһ䣬ЩźͼʵؿҶǳ
˷ܴȻǴ˵еʮǿսǹǿʮս֮һ
ȻҲ֪ʮǿս
ͬʱȺҲϱǿ߽͵ս֮ࣿʮսѹŽ£Ϊǿսʮǿս
˻ʮǿսֶ𺳸УƵȷǿޱȰ治֪ʲô޵ܴǿս
˵ʽʮǿս֮һҲʮǿսϧû˿ɡ
½ĿǰҲֻʥظһʮǿսû뵽λ̵žȻҲһʮǿսǿֲ

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ǲ¶ˣҶǳȷѧ˷ӡ
ʮǿսΣھԵʵǰƾսҲǲһҽ㿴սжôǿ󡣡
½ƷɴҲȺǽӵ˻ߵѣҶǳƾһսܻ
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ر
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һձ˺ѿǿռ֮вϵرըһըһը㷢ߴαըһαһοֲĩ٣һ㡣
䣡
ӡѹߴαը赲Ƭ̣ǿƥѹ

½Ʒ¶ŵĿ⣬ȫһȻҲסѹӡ
ۣ
޴ӡ½Ʒϣ˵嶼ĥˣƬնˣ㳡һ󷨻ֵ֣ɿֲܣ㳡Ҫݻˡ

½ƷɵڲҽţӡȻҪһɱ꣬Ҫһɱ
ս亹εΣȫޱȡ
õһս񣬶һ޵вεǿߣȻסҶǳһ֮
ʮǿսȻ˿ֲ
ס֣
˺ն˫ֻһ貵Ĺâƥӡ½Ʒɽȳ
ৣ
½ƷѸ壬ɫҰףȻƺء
ʱҶǳĿ⣬˾š
ȻԷһס
ս񣡡
Ҷǳ۾ǰĻߣɫޱȵء
ӶԷϣܵһǰδеǿϢϢֻڵͷȮϸܵ
Ȼһλս
ǲʲôʱӵһʮǿսˣ˵Ǵѧģ߾½Ʒ֮ĿҶǳȵ
ȺȻ˾Ȼһλս
֪½սѾǾǿˣǷڲ̣ǳϼĴڡ
һЩһɣܹ̫ϳˡ
ϼһ㾹ҲС֮ѵǲǰ𣿡Ҷǳȵ
½½ĹأһСǵϱǿǲֵģ˫޹˼ɵػɱ½ˣ˴Ҳܾˡ
ȻⲻϵĹأڰɣħɣ
ʥҲˡ
ǺǣϷ¼ҹһõηǲǲ̼ǿϷֻҪһ㣬ǲ̾ҲϷ򡣡ԼЦ
ȺУһЦɢǿߵƣҴҵ˼ɡ
֪ɢǿܵΪԷʵǿ󣬶һûй˼ɣרŶµ֣ܹΣ
˵ˣ˾ΣܹһɱòҪ
ҶǳüͷȻвԻûô
ʼ棬ץסһյѧʮǿսȻĻǲʹʮǿսϢˣҲôöû˵ĸ̵ӻʮǿս½ƷԹ˵
۾˵ͷɭؿҶǳЦСӣʶĿ콻ʮǿսȻڡǶޣǿҲȲ㡣


998 Ӳ
㳡ϣ˿ҶǳĿⶼЩ֮ͬɫһ޹˼ɵɢǿߣλ̵ſ½Ҫڴˡ
ϼһҪɱңͿûˡҶǳһֱӼӡٶȳ½Ʒѹȥ
ǳ֪½Ʒߵֱۣӹ½Ʒɣæҡ
ߣеСϧھԵʵǰСûáм֮ɫֻ˻ֱ֣ӽ½Ʒ˹Ȼһָ죬һָأϵ£ƺΪ
¡¡
һɰƣͬɽһ㣬ӻߵϯҶǳ
ⷽأΪ
ߴ˿ޱϣͬ߸ϵĵִΧضĽ³޾˫֮
򣡡
Ҷǳͫһɫǰδеء
˾ս񼶱ѾԲٿִ֮һ֮
һսսǾ͸һսûʲô
ʤ죿
ҶǳĵͷȮȻǾս񣬵ܵ˷ӡټ֮УԲʩչ֮ȻҶǳٶͷȮɱġ
ľսվ½۷壬оǿߡ
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һɰѹʱ˷˹ӳҶǳϣоƱʮɽһ˵嶼һ䣬ڵء
ϼһƾҲСүү£ҹ
Ҷǳŭǿ貵Ľɫԣһ̫ڱըޱ޼ʵ貽⣬ڲϵؼ
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ž
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ҶǳչֳǴﵽѪ۷Ŀֲһչֵ쾡£ⷽ򶼸ſһС֡
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һ̣Χսˣ׷׶ݡ
Ҷǳֲ̫ˣ޾Ѫһֱϣڲ֮ϻƣӿȣʵ̫ˡ
ӷͬСɣѾ˳ΪǱղɱձؽ
ɱ䣬̧־һ쵶Χ֮ɳľâңңնҶǳ
ৣ
һֱܾӱ˺һѷ죬ֲĵâռҶǳϡ
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Ҷǳƺһ˵ɳȥؿֻһǳǳѪۣ˲ͻָˡ
ôܣ
ǿֱǵһμ˵ôǿֵز⻹ô򣿸
磡
Ҷǳһ˫ֻӶһʱӵص׼˺һƬƬգء
Ƭ磬ʱ˽磬ˣâգӿȣݡ
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һıըʱڴ˵ضˡ
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һ޴񽣣ܣƿ磬Яƥܣݺݵغߡ
ߵɫڱˣҧҧ͵һѪʱֹƱĻɽһ緢֮̾
䣡
һ޴쵶֮նռ䣬ǰľ޴񽣺ݺײһ
䣡
һ֮£ֲıը
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ͻߵ򶼱ˣ޾ݺݵײΧ󷨻ϣһ󷨻ֶˡ
ãߡ
ǵֲ̫ˣճǵҲֵסˡ

˾ԺȻ׷̤Զ
ӡ߿УҶǳʩչʮǿս߶޴ӡŶ½Ʒѹȥ
Ϊղǹɿֲĳߺ½Ʒɸɢˣʱûлߣɱ½Ʒɵĺʱ
ס֣
߿һĻͫһ̶ŭ
ߣɱңҲ׼ҶǳһЦ߶ӡ½ƷɾĿѹ¡
ԷѾҪɱȻ飬ڵˣһɱ⡣
½ƷɵĲҽ屻ӡ˲飬ֻʣܵӡĥ
Сӣˣϵ£˭ҲȲ㡣Զ߷ŭĺ
䣡Ҷǳһ̤ڷӡϣĥ½Ʒһ˿꣬䳹ʧϣŶŭĻߣߵɱߣ˺ɱ֮


999 ޵
½Ʒˣ𣬻ɢ
䣬޴ˡ
Χ亹εΣҶǳĿ֮ЩţǿճǵٳȻɱˣʵ̫ǿˡ
СӣҪƤ⣬֮ȼһ꣬Ҫ
ŭûޱߵɱ˫Ŀʵʻ̴գΧ˶鲻Խս
һλսŭԷʮأҪС
䣡
һɱʧɫͻ䡣
½ǿߵĺŭһ
ձ貵缤ٶȳԽ磬Խ˹٣˵۶һ֮ѾҶǳϡ
أ
ִ֮䣬Ҷǳһȭȥ֮ײǿսΧĿռѿ
䣡
ռըƬ򶼱Ʒˡ
ǿҶǳɳȥϺѪûһɡ
ҵҪֶܹã
Цһ˸ϵغҶǳ
ӡҶǳȻҲᷴԸ־սֻʩչʮǿսΪֻʮǿսв˵ǿߡ
ߣʮǿսΣΪ̫󣬶ҵв̫Сˡһ˻ֱ㵲סѹķӡһֻּҶǳ
ȻҶǳƴСǿܵ߶ٴιɼӲޱȣһۼû¡
Ѫ۷壡
ڿҶǳΪɴ۾𾪣㾹ȻһһЩʮսʮһսҲӵǿ
ҶǳһЦٵõҲٶһΣﵽѪ۷徳硣
ֻҪٽһѪɣ˵һﵽѪɾ磬Ӳǡʮսڴ
Ҷǳ뵽
ҪﵽѪɾ磬⿿ԼҪ֪ȵ£ֻٴһ𣬲ѸͻƵѪɾ硣
֪ͨʦˣȻʱκβңʱӳˣᷢ⣬δزǿҡ
ҶǳһߵֵŻߵĹһ߹ͨеĿռ䷨ּϵԼʦΪ
ȻΪΪڵ֮Уÿռ䷨ּϵ
Ҷǳֱϵ̵ĹٷȻͨϵΪ
ͽ£ΪϢܼ򵥡
Ҷǳ˿սҲûʱ䷢̫Ϣϻһ䣺ʦڶճܵϮپԮ
ϵΪһû˵ˣѾˣϾҶǳǳصĵӡ
յΪϢҶǳʱ˵Ȼ벹̺ԶгڣΪҪϹҪá
ңΪʵǿ󣬱ٶȾͿ졣
ˣû뵽սҲκβСӣʱҪϳˣ²̵ĸ־ҪˡȺУۿ߾ù£ɵüˡ
Ϊоս֣ԺܿͽҶǳò֮̾
ڿҪɱҶǳǸ
Ȼ˿̻ѹҶǳ򣬵Ҷǳ̫ǿˣ߹ڶ޷ƿҶǳ˲Ҷǳ˵ҪɱҶǳˡ
ʱһϳˣ̵ǿ߿϶Ϲ
֪ͨ壬ƻ·Ĵ谭ǿߵľԮ΢΢Ƭ̣óռ䷨ּһЩϢ
ߣ˵ǰӿѾϵ˲̣ʱһϾˣ²̵ǿ߾ҪϹˡ
üͷһ壬¶ɵ֮ɫ̵ǿȻףֻҪһ̵ĴϹ׽ɱǸݺᶫޣǿ߶ҵ
Сӵֱһڹǣʱɱˡü漴·ճǴ½컪ˣ޶ԣڻҪ𣿡
һ㶣½컪˭
ܿ죬ǾͷӦˡ
ָ½Ʒɣô½Ʒɵĸ˭һĿȻ
ճǳ½컪
ȺУɫһ䡣
ܹΪһ֮ģǶǶ޵ĳǿߣճֵطܹռݣΪˣǿеĳǿߡ
дԣճǳһλʮսʮһսˣ½ĳǿߡ

ڴʱһ̾Ϣճǣ·˵֮
һ̣һɿֲǿϢճǵĴһƬƣգ񷣬Ƭض
ˣ
Ҷǳɫ䣬ĵˣճǳǾԲڿԿģһܽɱ


һǧ 
ճڵʿսճǵصϢֲ̫ˣһֻ˯ŵˣǿоĺХ춯أɽ
ͨͨ
ճڣһЩʵСʿʱ̲סڵϣ֫ſڵϣܵǰδеѹǵ궼ڲ
һЩս񡢰ս񣬶еڲǹǿϢһΡĴɽѹϡ
ճǳ
ʮһǵսʮս񲻿ӵǿơ
û뵽ճǳѾʮһս񾳽磬Դվ½۷壬¾Ƕ嶼öмˡ

в뵽
˭Ҳû뵽չµճǳһȻ˵Ŀ£ǿ̬չ˵ǰ
ݣ
һֲԣճǳķգ˺Ѳ񷣬ǻ
תͷȥ׷׿ҫ۵֮վһӰؼ޵սƮɢ˫ָһ˫ӳճϵĿֲ
һЩʵСˣ֮ӣ˵Ŀ⣬ɨ˹˶صͷ
ǿʦ𡢰ԽǸ𣬱ȸʦҪǿ󡣡Ҷǳͫһɫޱء
ʣճǳȷѾ̤ʮһս񼶱վ½۷壬벹̵һڸ硣
ҶǳľԷʵ̫ǿˣһĭɱǸһȼ档
½컪㻹ѪʵӣȴѾ߻ħˡ
ŭؿճǳ˫ȭŭ
ľϸһ룬еĿֲ֮
½컪ʵӦÿԷ½ƷɵΣգӶ˲ܾӣȴûô
Ҳʳӣ½컪ɻҲ̫ĺ˰ɡ
ԵճǳһżõһžЩ֮һֱڱչأŹ⹦һ֣֪ЧѵѾȴ𣿡ϱǿߵ˵ڷ
һǾÿֲ
һǾͬһ㣬Ͼһֻʣ˼жôֲ
ѹʮһս񾳽磬ֻȴճǳԭճǳ𣿡̾Ϣ
û˿Իش⣬˶ڵճǳǳĿֲ
䣡䣡䣡
ճǳ½컪̤նƮɢһ˫û˿веıһ޼ʵǺӻĩճÿһ̤ն鿪һ޴սӡ
̶˲䣬½컪ǰȻƣץգһϢ΢屻ץУһѪϢ΢棬ʱϢǣָΡ
۾һɣ𾪺ͲţΪӺȻ֮ǰѾҶǳɱ½Ʒɡ
ôܣ
ҶǳһĻ˼顣
½ƷǱɱģʱӦ԰½Ʒɵ궼ˡ
ףһҪɱҪ½Ʒɸ֮󣬶ʱԼĸ׺ҶǳĿԹ֮ɫ
Ҷǳüͷһ壬ȴҲ֪ԼʦϹûС
ԭˣѾƷɵ֮˺֣ؼʱ̿Ծ߿һĻʱ¶Цݡ
Ǻܿ죬Цݾסˡ
ֻ½컪Įؿǰ½Ʒɣҡҡͷ˵顭ҵվЩȱݣԵ֮˺֣ʣµһ˿С
ףҸѪŨˮǸģһУҲܻҡ½ƷЦ˵
ڳˣȴǴ½컪￴˴ֲ
½컪㡭ƺʲôʱе
Ѿˡ
ֻ½컪˫Ŀ֮⽣˲㶴½Ʒɵ壬ǿµ½Ʒɵ궼ڽ
㡭½ƷŵصԼĸףƺû뵽Լĸ׾ȻԼ֣ô֮ǰΪξԼⲻǰ׷ѹ
½컪˫Ŀ飬鵭Įؿȥ½Ʒɣ˵ֻҵУԴˣҵĹһ˿ȱݣ顭ˡ
ճˣ仰󣬶о䣬ں֮Уһڻ
½죡Զ߷ŭĺ
䣡
½컪תͷȥһҲ֮ĳǿµӡ񷣬ƴ̫ʱٻ֮ɽЯſֲӻߵͷϿѹ
ۣ
߶ʱΪѪ궼һƸɱˡ


1001 ˲ǿ
ճڵһ˶ս˶ݴë
ɱʦֱֲ̫ˣԽ˸ٳԽǵ֪
һ̣½컪ϣҲܵһ˿в
ˣǳնȴһУֻʣ¾Եǣͬ
⻹𣿡
Ҷǳסˣ˵ŵǰ½컪
˱飬ǵһμħа˵ǰСֵһᡣ
ˣ
ͻȻ½컪תͷҶǳĿ⣬ŻһеߣƵҶǳƺһɳȥ
ؿõҶǳ˫ĿѪܲ½컪Ŀ⣬궼ڲ
ֲ̫ˣ
ҶǳоȻһĨ־УܿͱѹסˣϹͨռ䷨ּߴԼʦ
ĿֲԲԿġ
ǣǰҵȷҶǳһ߹ͨΪһ߹˵ʱ䡣
ٿ½컪۾ĿⲻڿԵġ
ͺñһվǰһӣ
ȻȥˣǾˡ
½컪ƽĻ
һ̣һɿֲҶǳͷϿա
ҪɱҶǳˣȴΪĶӱֻΪҶǳ
ӡ
ҶǳҲѸٳ˲ƣ˲ٿ죬ҲӲµľƸǷΧ
¡¡
ֻ޴ӡ̫Ӵˣһ۶߼ʣƸأ˾
ˣҪˡҶǳʱЦ˫һģڴǰܵĻᶼûС
Сӣ㻹£뿪յãǿߣ浣㻹ûлΪҡȻһϤҶǳ
ǰҶǳһлӵ뿪յãȻǵ
ǣյѾرգӵôܴյڴ
Ȼһ̣Ҷǳˡ
ֻҶǳڵ֮УһȻΪһΣģǱѺĻӡ
ǰ㡭Ҷǳʱɴ۾
ߵº֣ҲǵСӽΣգԲص֣Ϊıڹؼʱ̾һû뵽ôҪˣСԺ֮Ϊ֮ɡ
ҶǳԻȻһﵣԼûгΪ֮ǰˣһУ׼ؼʱ̾һ
ȻҲһܣǱһԼڲȥ־Ϊ׼ˡ
ô˵оˣҶǳʱ˿漴ʵǰ˿һλʮһսڵ״̬Ծ𣿡
ʮһսѣҽһã㹻ˡм֮ɫ漴岻ϵرҶǳ˶Ϊһ塣
סҪҿ塣ӵҶǳ
ȻҶǳЩģʱҲûѡûӿԼ壬ôҪ½컪һƸɱˡ
ԣҶǳֻܷĿȨûӿԼ塣ԵߵĽǶȣۿһС
ֻ˿̵ҶǳȻ貵𣬽ǰնջˣǽľ޴ƣǱݻ١

ҶǳһΧ鿪һųҵ֪ĸշ˹Ҷǳ˶һ塣
һ̣ҶǳϵϢϵս˰սȻ˾ս񣬺ܿʮսͣʮһս񾳽硣
¡¡
ֲ׵Ҷǳϯȥ·ճǶڲս
˶ĿɿڴؿһĻôҲû뵽ոռҶǳȻһӱôֱͣһƵġ
ʵϣڵҶǳȷǻһˣǻҶǳ塣
ԲۣҵʵȻôֲҶǳҲڸ̾ǰһĻŴˣȻʧȥԼƿȨȴɿԸܵԼжôֲ
ӾҶǳ˫֣˫ȭ͵һգն鿪¶Ц˵Сӣû뵽Ȼʮһսһǿɽһˡ
ҲΪҶǳﵽѪ۷徳磬Բôǿһˣͱűˡ
⡭ôܣôӵʵ·ճڣվȺУŵؿɢҶǳ
Ϊ½컪֣Ҷǳû뵽ҶǳȻһӱôͣɢϢ½컪ˡ


1002 쵶
ԭ˳ˡʱ֮е½컪˫貵ԣĿҶǳ˵
˵ʲôȻ̧ͷؿ컪ɱʵʻ
ˣ˵ԼǷˣȻԼȷǸˣԼôҲԶʱ۷ǿߣһС衣
ৣ
ʵʻ𣬴ӻӵ֮ɫ磬գ˲ɱ½컪
أ
½컪˫Ŀ֮ͬ貵â쵶˺գЯűΧһжˡ
Կõӻ𣬾Ȼ˰Уڻ쵶һ½컪
䣡
½컪һȭ׵ػϮȭһת֮йʱͿռ䶼ڱˣֲӾ֮к£ҪҶǳ˶
Сӣʶһķӡ
ӵͺһ漴ӡһž޴ӡʱ֮۳
Ҷǳɫһʮǿսӡ˿̣ɻʩչķӡֱ̫ͬɽ٣ǿֲƣճǶ尼ȥﶼݻˡ
¡¡
޴ӡſֲܣײṇ̀һɿֲıըϯ磬嫵ͬ󺣵߸һ㣬Ƭضĩ֮С
ҶǳȻѾѧ˷ӡǱʩչķӡȴǲ̫Զˡ
ʱѧϰĺûᣬлʩչӡѧϰĻɲȻܴ
ңǻӽʩչӡȻҶǳʧȥĿȨܹܵԼһһܹʩչķӡ
ֱһҶǳڷӡڲϵؼͬһ麣һڲϵȡˮ֣ڷӡԽԽ̡
ԤϣȵҶǳһʩչӡܱȻһ¥
ն콾
Ȼ½컪ͷ˰ɫ˫סգһεĵգնҶǳϡ
ڵҶǳ궼һ㱻һնˣǻӸǷųסȫ£𾪵صŶ½컪е㾹Ȼѧġ
ܵʲôţڷҶǳ𾪣ôֲˣȻں¡
ȻҶǳ֪Ӳں½컪Ǻ´Źλǿߡ
˭ǸԶʱĵһǿ𣿡Ҷǳɵʵ
ӵ˵ͷ½컪ĿҪ湦ˡ
˵գȫǣҳΧӳȥʱضĺ
ն콾
½컪ٴλӵûеȴֲ׵ľ棬ػ涼˺ѿһնʱֻأг١
ڵ󶼱һˣǿ͵ĵƣƺҪҶǳ˶롣
ǶڵҶǳ꣬е־ޱȣһܵһϤζ
쵶ǵұƳȥ쵶
ȻҶǳɫһʱ뵽˵Լ̤뼫ʱͷϱƳİɫ
ë˵쵶쵶ն콾
ս½½һһÿһ綼ʮǣȴǱ쵶նǣԺս½ߣÿʱֻǡ
ǰ½컪һ쵶
ֲ̫ˣһﾹȻʩչ쵶Ҷǳĵ׾жôǿ󰡣ʩչ쵶
ߵˡϾһУǾͺһԣȫԶݵؽһַ˵ѾʸΪһ
ΪĻҶǳԵһжôǿֻһҲԿġ
ӵ˵ģ̶ȣܹõޡǹѺҵǸˣԺ½Ϊһ壬Խ֮һܽɱ
⡭⡭Ҷǳʱ𾪵˵Զʱ˾Ȼǿ̶ֳȣѹΪĻӶǶ֣ѹֿѹԶʱΪԶʱĵһˡ
ˣԺܹ֮ҶǳЩģԼΪҲδؿԿ½ɡ
һ̣ҶǳЩںͻӴϽϧѾҲ²ˡ
¡¡
УƿҶǳ壬ϵ½컪սţǿԿóȫ·磬ֻ÷ӡǿԱ


1003 Ԯ
ޣĳȻ۵Ĺâһ̣һǿϢӴڳǳϿգϷƱɫ˶ܵһɾ޴ѹ
ǿϢоѹ
ǴͨǱߵĴģĪĳɵĴˣ
Ҽս񣬵Ҳûôǿʮսʮһս񡣡

һʿľš
ʱһӴӴ߳ǴӲ̸ϹΪ
ͽʵΨоսϵǿ߲ŻвǾսϵǿߣ˭ҷҲ̣˭
ΪĿ䣬˸ǿҵɱ⡣
漴ɨӳȥ鿴ΧĴ
ţͨճǵĴأ
ȻΪɫһ䣬ͨճǵĴλñһƬ棬Ϊƻġ
õ
Ϊʱŭڡ
ƻˣԷȻ֪ԮҶǳôֱһ㶼ǲ̷
˭ҷҲ̣ɱ⣡Ϊһ˺գճǸȥ
Ȼ֪ڳץѯ˭ƻ˴󣬵һǾ͵ʱ䣿
Ϊ˵ڲҪץסƻ֣ҪһʱϵճǣҶǳ
ȻûдΪֻԼѾǶˣʵȫڸѰҳǳأѰҴǰճǡ
ֻһ·Ϊ·ĳǳأͨճǵĴ󶼱ƻˡ
úúãĺܺáΪŭЦ䵽˼㣬ѰҳǳأֱӸճǡ
Ϊ֪·ϵĴ󣬿¶Ѿƻˡ
ǲ
Ϊһ˺ѿռ䣬˺ԥسռУȻճǵķȥ
ռһ磬Ŀռǻҵģûй򣬵ҲˣĳЩʱ򣬳Ϊǿ߼ٸ·ĺõط
ȷĿռһֽôҪֽϵһǰһ㣬ֱ߼ľ̵ľ롣ռ֮Уֽһпܻ۵˲һǰһ㡣
Ȼռڣռ۵ǳֲɵ״̬ǳĻҡԣҲر·ҵǿµĿռ籩Ǿսһռ䣬㲻Ҳʧġ
ʮսҪһ㣬Ҳռ䣬Ϊʮһս񣬶һеٮٮߣʧ

أ
ճϿգҶǳһαɳȥѪ硣
Ӧ˵ǻӱɳȥΪǻƿҶǳ塣
ǰ㵽ва㲻˵ڵʵ׽𣿡Ҷǳڽ˵
½컪ֱѹŻӴǻӵЩвѾ½컪ɱˡ
£˭֪ȻѧǸ˵ĹЩΣ֮ǰѻ˵̫ˣôͱеǳ졣
ˣ
ʱҶǳĿռ䷨ּóһԼʦΪѶԷѾϵˣڳճǸ
ҶǳʱϲæԻ˵ǰʦˣټһ¡
ߵСӣû㣬ǸܹͳԶʱĹжôֲӦÿĳʦûдﵽʮǣδǴ˵Ķ֡
ҶǳŵǸˣʦȷǶֻ֣ѧǸ˵Ĺ⹦վԴģܹӳʦ𿪴˲콣Ҳ֪ǿߵսһ㶼ǿʦ㲻Ķ֣Ҳѷɫ١
콣ôĿҵҪڵĺжǿԲţߵ
Ҷǳ֮󣬻ӽûм½컪ӲӲˣǸĹΪأһζķȻرʧȴԼֺܾã㹻ȵΪ
Ҷǳˣ
ȺУۿһĻʱ¶Цݡ
Ȼ֪ҶǳΪαôǿ󣬸ղŻЩ壬ڿҶǳ½컪ĺ޻ֻܱ֮طͰˡ
νرʧȥҶǳɡ
û뵽½컪ŹŹֵĹ֮Ȼôǿ󣬿¾ҵˣδܹ
ۿдչ½컪ɫͻȻޱأĿЩȣܿҡҡͷһ亹˵ħҲܿ顣½컪ħԼӶˣֱײϣϾ˼ǿҲˣҿɲΪĹ
ĹֻҪˣȥѧϰ½컪ΪԼԼԦŹȻԦŹǱŹŪһĿܣŹڼԦ


1004 ʦ
ǲ
ĳռ֧飬һӰռ˳ǸճǵΪ
ʱΪѾճǵĲԶ
̧ͷճǵķ򣬶ʱһ𾪡
ʮһս񣡡
Ϊٷճǣдž֮ɫͽȻʮһսѵ棿ˣҲֻ壬һ·ĴƻֹԮ
һ˲䣬Ϊв²˺ܶ࣬ɫҲڶޣǰǵͷߣǲ̣ҲҪɵ֡
ͲһǾˮˮԷΪҪԸͽܣ
Ҫ֪Ȼɵ壬Ҳһɵ̣Ͼ̵ʵǿѹģֻΪԶݣûбҪĻȻԸôԶԸ壬ǾЩòʧˡ
ף˭ǿҲʮһսսѵǿڰͽ
ճٽһЩΪһɻϢ½컪ʵ֮¡
޴ﵽʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣ㰵лһЩصģҲûһӵİ
ΪɻǼӿٶȸճǣϾͽʮһս˭֪᲻ǣͽܡ
ΪִճǺ󣬶ʱǰһĻˡ
ʲô
սʮһսУȻһͽܡ
ôܣ
Ϊʱˡ
𺳡
ͽʲôʱʮһս񾳽磿
ȫܰ
ǿ߸ඥҲô찡
ʮһǣΪﵽʮһǣǿǾǧĿޣԵĻۣһ򣬵ͻơ
ͽܲŶ󣿺껹ٰɣ
ţԣⲻͽϢ˶ȻΪɫһ䣬һɨǰҶǳȻģû䣬ȴˡ
ǰҶǳ꣬Ǿһȵ𣬸ǱԲͽҶǳ
䣡
½컪һһҶǳͣڰУģ׷ɫĮؿΪ
ȻͻȻӣܵһ˿в
ͬҲΪ
Ϊ˼ʱԮҶǳΪһ·ϹûԼΪԣһʮһսӴϢϵ̫һʮֵĿ
Сӣʦ𣿿ûʲôⰡѯʵ
ҶǳΪȴˣæΪʦһλǰԦҵ壬Ҳֵܼڡǰ½컪ճǳʵǿʦСĵ㡣
ԭˣΪҶǳĴʱ˿ֻҪǶᣬǾͲõˡңѾˣ˭ɱͽ
ɶ񣡡
ȺУۿͻȻֵΪʱɫһ䣬̶ŭ
ȻʶΪȴҲµõΪǲ̸ϹԮҶǳǿߡϾⶫ޵һĶֵأΪҵܲʶһʮһս
ճǳ½컪
ʱΪתͷ½컪΢΢һȵôˣңΪɱͽͽг𣿡
ЩȣʶճǳϾճǳڶҲǺû뵽½컪Ѿʮһս񾳽磬һͷ׷ʶˡ
Ϊû뵽Ҳ̤ʮһս񾳽硣½컪ĮؿΪ漴ƳҶǳһۣ˵Һͽûг𣬵ͽ˲ýĵط
˵꣬˫Ŀ֮ٶɱҶǳ
ߣҪɱͽʹеĽûУΪˣҲ֪޷̸ˣֻһս´һӣһ񽣺ɨȥ֮ס
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֮Уʱһıը
һ죡ΪҴ⣬Ҳܵ½컪ʵһֱǿ֮С
䣡
貵Ľҫ۶ĿһҵĽâϵ۶Ƕǻ۶һͨ쳹ص񽣣½컪նȥ
ն콾
½컪ͬʩչǿ֮Уһ֮Ϊ֮ҡվ飬µĵǽճǶһ롣
ͽߣȻز̣Ϊɫһ䣬æҶǳ
ʦ𡭡Ҷǳ봫Ѿ˺նȥˡ
ȻԦĻӣֱӴ뿪ˡ
СӣʦûҲﲻʦ𡣡Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳŭǰȻûʵаһû취Ը½컪ټʦ𣬾͹˰
СӣҼֲ˶ˣұϾֻǴӱ֮зһ˿ԴҪľˡӿЦ


1005 ع
˻ӵĻҶǳĬˡ
ȷǿıҲѺڣԦģֻһ˿ԴܹӳʮһսѾ˲ˣǼֲ˶á
Сӣģǰ˵ûʦĽʵӦò֮£ҪġӿҶǳĬ漴ҡͷЦ
Ҷǳԣʱ˿ôǿȻ˵ˣǿ϶ǶԵġ
ңԼʦʵ򲻹Ҳ߰
뵽ҶǳҲ;ˡ
䣡
һǳϿգͣ
漴ڳǳڵĴ㳡ϡ
ʮһսǿϢʱϯȥڵʿܵ˵ѹ
ǣһСſڵϣǶ͵Ҷǳ
Сӣҵһ˿ԴҪɢˣ´ҿûˣɱˡŻӵĻ£ҶǳϵϢڲϵؽͣܿͻָս񾳽硣
ͬʱҶǳҲƿԼ壬ʱһɼȵƣд
ΪһǿȵսʹҶǳﵽ˼ޣ֮ǰлӵ֧ţûиоʲôڻҶǳԼƿ壬ʱ͸оԼ˴ս˺üһ˶ޱƣһֺĸо
Ǻ֢ҶǳЦҡҡͷ漴óһЩҩ£͵زԪ
ͬʱ̽ڵеطǹ۲ڵ𣬷ûһκε֮󣬲ŷ
Ȼڵһ˿ԴѾ׺ľˡ
ҪлǸ½컪֣һﻹ֪ҪǱá
ҶǳЩµ뵽
ȻӾȻͻӹϵһǱԼڣ˭˵ġ
ͺһըһ֪ըҲᰲİ

Ƭ̺ҶǳָһЩԪվ߽һ뿪ǳء
ֱҶǳ뿪֮ǳڵʿŵ׷ײ²ҶǳݣϾղǹǿϢǷǳ־塣
֮ͨҶǳڻصݲǡ
ӲǾ޴Ĵ̨ҶǳĸоǿΧϤĲ̽˶ʱڲõĻɱˡ
һ̫˰
Ҷǳҡͷ
δӶѰǾһʮһǵĸֶǳˣлӳ֣ڶˡ
ҶǳоԼʵĲ㣬ûʦΪǵʵ½վһСʱΣա
ι˵һʦ˰ս񾳽ˡ
ţ˵ˣһʦںڰԨʦԽһ𴳵ڰԽߵİ£˰ս񾳽硣
ԽҪͽһһĴУϾǿʥ֮һһһӵõ˵һĴУôȻ̤ΣԽԽߣΪǲ̵Ľпܡ
˵ǴʦĽ庮ҲҪϻˣεĳţ˵Ҳ̤˰ս񾳽磬λȻΪ˵һĴС
ǵȻˣһĴǵ˹ע˵ʦĽ庮ˣ˵ʦҲҪˡ

Ҷǳǰ̵·ϣ̸ۣ۲̵ţ̸۵һĴС
Ľ庮飡
Ҷǳ΢΢һȻûмҲѾá
Ͼһǲ̵Ĵʦ㣬εţһǶʦ֣벽εš
ֻҶǳû뵽ǣһӾȻ̤˰ս񾳽磬Ҫ֪ҶǳõôΪһٴﵽս۷壬սкԶû뵽ȴһһˡ
Ϊ˵һĴУԽ˴ǮˡҶǳһЦ
һӵΪŷһ̤սڡô̵ʱ䣬ǲܴﵽսģкܶǿĵԼܶĵرһӵΪô졣
ǰԽߣҪóôıҲס
Ϊ˵һĴУһǰԽߵͽܣ°ԽҲδػôǮϾͽȻҪǰԽԼҪôΪͽܶľԼԴ
ȻǵһĴ̫ˣ˵̺ı͵һصһʮǿսðԽ߶ˡ
һӵõ˵һĴУѧ˵һʮǿսôԽȻҲͿѧϰˡһʮǿսԽߵʵȻһ¥ȻҪúıһˡ
ʵǰԽıݵĴɣǶıϾǵһĴУʮǿսǶ̫ջˡ


1006 ս
ص˲̣ҶǳѩڱչأǺģϾЩﲻôġ
ѩǸҶǳͬ޷磬ȻҲûжʮʱ䣬ʵͣҲͺܻ
Ҷǳûдǣ֮󣬱ֱӽˡ
صԼׯ԰Ҷǳóʯһ߻ָԼ½컪һսĵԪһӡ
֮ǰлʩչӡһʩչģĴ̼ܴд˿̻ӿͷ
ʱúܿ졣
ֱΪ֮Ҷǳֹͣ
ͽݼʦ𣡡ҶǳǰΪס
ض񣡡ΪЦŰ˰֣漴ϸҶǳɵ¶Цݣֳɳ˲٣һζ֮ջܴ󡣡
ʦҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ųΪչʾ
ΪȻв²⣬Ҷǳչֳ𣬻ϲɫص˵ͷȻջ̫ˣ˶ȥֵˡ
ʦû°ɣҶǳЩĵʵϾ½컪ʵĿˣֲ̫ˡ
ճǳȷЩ£ΪʦҲֻڲ֮䣬֮ҲøΪʦˡΪЦ
Ҷǳʱ˿漴̧ƣӡһַǰΪ
ͽ㡭Ϊһ㶣Ҳ֪Լͽ˺ԼҶǳҲûǸʵ˺ûж
ֻǣЩַԺкʱסˣֻ۾ɴϴ𾪵ؿǰҶǳ
⡭ǡ
ΪЩš
嶼Щ
ʮǿսеķӡ
Ҷǳ΢Ц˵ԼʦȻᱣϾΪλǧȥֵԴңΪĴɽΪʵǿˣĵҲˡ
ˣҶǳԺ׼ѷӡѩأкöȻԼˡѷ
ϾսⶫǣԼҲʧʲô
ǰȻҲһʮǿսǷʽʮǿս֪֮⣬˸ѧᣬȻҲڷˡ
ǷӡһսȴǿԷģֻҪ츳˶ѧᡣ
ӡȻǴ˵еʮǿսΪʮһս񣬼ǲ̵ĸ˿ҲɵöݣҶǳĿ⣬ɵе֮ɫ
ʮǿս˭õ˲úòţҶǳôˣɼжô𾴡
ͽˣΪҲ޺ˡ
Ҳڶ޵ջ񣿡Ϊһѹסеļ̲סҶǳʵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ʦǵ֮ǰԦλǰ𣿡
Ϊɫɨӳȥһ̽һҶǳ壬Ƭ̺˵Ѿˣܹ壬ܷӳʮһսʵ䱾϶ʮսôʶǿߣ
Ҷǳ˵ʦӦ֪յ˱ǱѺڣΪģԶʱһλǿߡ
ѺΪţʮս񣬻һ˭ܹѺ
ҶǳЦλǰ˵ѺԶʱĵһˣ˵յŪģΪڵ硣
˻ΪʱҲɵõһ𾪣иеޱ𺳡
ͬʱΪɫؿҶǳص˵ͽԺȥˣҲȥյˣòҪʲôǣܹΪԶʱǿߣ»ţ㲻Ҫˡ
ǣʦ𣡡ҶǳҰԼӦҪȻӵ˵ȻΪ»ᵣ
ңӦӣҪԼﵽ󣬲ŻȥҲĴ¡
Ҫ˵磬ҶǳԼʵԲλԶʱĵһ˲ϾԺƿžŴ
˵Ҷǳڿǣʣµλá
ͽⷭӡ׼δʱΪ˵
Ҷǳ̧ͷһ㶣ɻʦǺ⣿ⶫҪôλǰҵģʹãѧˣû˻鷳ġ
ΪҡҡͷҲҵ˼ָҪҪʮǿս׸ɣϾսͬһıսⶫ㹱׳ȥҲʧʲô֮Ϊɹ׳һʮǿսǹ׾̫ˣɴܶ౦ˣΪս񾳽綼⡣
ս
Ҷǳԣʱ۾һЩĶ
츳һΪ˾սһʮս񶼲Ķ֣һ죬˲ͳΪ½Ķǿˡ
ңΪԣʮǿս׸ɣҲʧʲô


1007 ѡ
ף
ΪĻҶǳжʱ˼
׳ȥôǺܴģûʲôãֱһ
Ͼʮǿսӻģûиʲôۡ
ͽʮǿսȻ󣬵˵ܹΪ󡣶ңһ㹱׳ʮǿսôǲ̵и߲㣬Ƿһ顣ϾôĴϺ͸ѧһʮǿսܲм㣿
ΪųĬҶǳȰ˵СЩ飬ܹΪǲ̴Ϻ͸ģʮսʮһս񣬽δزҪǵİң츳δزûл֮λʱôĹףЩ˵֧֣ôģĽ庮Ȳϡ
˵ΪжЩȣһҶǳ׳ʮǿսǼҶǳδ̵һׯΪ̵ĽĻᶼܴ
Ϊδ̽ʦǺʣֵü˷ܵġ
Ҿף
ΪĻټϾ޴ջҶǳĬƬ̧֮ͷ˵
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ҶǳȻüʦһҽս׳ȥЩ˿
ȵȻǽдϣʣµģǾҪǶɵĹסϾʮǿսһ˲״ڣһй¶ȥˣǲ̵ʧ̫ˡ
ΪƬ̣˵һģڴϣҶδؿ׿ԻãҲҪһЩС⣬Ľ庮ţҲ϶ᴫڵġ
Ҷǳһʱô˵ԽҲˡ
Ϊһ㶣ʱҶǳΪԹԽߣɵÿЦͽô˵ԽҲǲ̵ĸʵǿˣǲҲкôǵԹͲùڻˡ
Ҷǳ룬ͽܶһҺһעˣôԺͣ
һ뵽ԺԽߣһԼķӡԸԼҶǳЩˬǰʯͷԼĽš
£ҶǳߵʦܲҪɲսڸԽߣ
ΪԶʱЦãɵͽΪ˭Ȼս㹱׵ģʱȨɾͲˡң⻹ɲ֪ս֪ս㼴벻Ҳˡ
Ҷǳüѵǻܱң
ǱȻģΪ̾ʮǿսӰ̫ˣǲ̵ʵԺǲ̽ʥǵȳ̶ȡΪһ㣬ΪʦڣҲ赲ɵĿ顣ΪʦԶǰʩչʮǿսһû֪ӵʮǿսˡ
ҶǳҡͷѾڶʩչˣҪ˶ãҲ֪ˡ
Ǿû취ˣù׳ˡΪ̯ƣЩε˵㹱׳ܵõͣõཱܶõЩǵ顣ǵȵǱ㽻ЩɶûˣЩͣɱȲڹ׳ȥá
Ҷǳ˵ͷߵҵȻֻ֪һ뵽ԽҲѧϰͲˬ
ǺǣſһЩطſһЩֻҪкô˭ѧˡΪҶǳЦ˵ңһ㹱׳ȥЩʹ϶Ƿ飬ټΪʦڣԺԽ߻ҶԸ𣿿µʱŹҲǷ飬޳ܣҲ϶ԸˣǷŭڲ֮ء
Ҷǳ˵ͷЩŭ˵ˣǾͱˡ
ͶˣΪЦŵ˵ͷ漴˵ھȥȱȥ˵½ᴫ㡣
ҶǳͻȻ뵽ʲôæ˵ʦһ¡
ţ㻹ʲôҪ𣿡ΪЦſҶǳ
Ҷǳ۾ʵʦ˵ôĹףܲýһ־׻ıԴ
ͻȻŴеľ׻ǲ̣ǰûʸȡôĹףôӦþʸȡ˰ɣͲõһˡ
Ҫ֪Ѿõˣٵõ׻Ǿ;ۼһʩչʽ͸ǿˡ
ңһ𣬲Ϊٶһʵ࣬ԺͬζԿЩεĳŶˡ
뵽˴ҶǳвɵûĿȵؿΪ
ţ׻𣿡ΪҶǳüͷѾˣҪ׻ʲôҪ֪ں̫Σˣ츳ôǿûҪðա


1008 ʹͷ
˵ս½½һЩ⣬û˳ɹںϹģҶǳҪ׻ΪʱԼͽΣյ顣
ʦģҪƵҩںϵġģһûôɵҶǳ͵
òƭΪϾ֪ôΪ壬ǵԺٸΪɡ
ңϢ̫ˣҶǳʱҲŪ˾֪
ţ˵ǿԡ
һҶǳںϵģΪʱ˿漴Ц˵ǲȻеľ׻ԴˣôĹףָһҲʲôؽӦġֻһԴˣδؿսˡ
˵Ϊ̲סȰ˵ÿһ£ҪѾӵûҪһ˷εĻᡣ
ʦ𣬾ɣѾǺˡҶǳҲͻشΪȥǴλᣬ˭֪ʲôʱܵõ׻
Ϊ˵̴еľ׻ѾˣҶǳо͸ӽˣԺȵʸþ׻ʱⲹ̵ľ׻ѾˣҪ
Ͼ׻Ȼ͹ôңҲҵõûǸˣȻҪõΪ
ǺðɣΪҶǳô֣ҲͲٶȰˣ뿪ǰȥˡ
Ҷǳڴ˵ȴţͬʱпŵһ顣
ϵһҪˣһݵſ϶Ƽڴˣ˵벽ˣҪü
ҶǳиеһЩѹ
츳ӵ˾׻֮󣬸
ΪĻ¾ҪԿˡ
ϾЩ𣬱ʱ࣬ҵõɵصࡣ
Ҫ֪һӶڰԽߵİ½˰ս񼶱ôЩεţѾǰսˡ
ұڵһ忪ǰս񾳽磬˸һϸµʵҶǳ뵽
ι׳һʮǿսôĹͣս񾳽Ӧò⡣
ңҶǳԼаսս񾳽硣
ڵΪս۷徳磬˾׻֮ǾͻﵽսԲ磬ʱȥ죬ȻòĻᣬôսˮɡ
⣬յһ緢ʱõ˲ٱЩΪ
ȻҶǳҲԼΪ̫ߣɰæΪ϶ĸһЩ

úΪЦ߽
Ҷǳʱ۾һʦôˣ˵δı϶ǳá
ôʦ𣡡ҶǳʱȲʵ
ΪЦͽˣ㹱׳ķӡǳ⣬ʮ꣬ʮ갡㹻̤ս񾳽ˡ
ʮ꣡
ҶǳĿɿڴ漴֮ɫ
İжǳģһ󾳽磬⻹ֻǲѡ
ȻΪͣ԰Żô󣬵ʮʱ䣬㹻ս񾳽ˣ˵ܸһЩ
Ҫ֪ԽΪıԽѣΪǣһսҶǳزǻǧꡣ
Ҷǳأһ궼ûõɼжôŨ
ͽʱԲ򣬽ġΪЦЦ˵Ҫľ׻𡣡
˵գΪƣһɫе˸ǳۡ
ǲ̴洢ľ׻θ֮һҪ˶ã׻ҪʧˡΪ̾ǳϡ٣׻ϡ١
ҶǳС׻зǳңԼ׳˷ӡȻȵʸȡ׻ʱ²̶Ѿûо׻ˡ
ʦȻȥչˡҶǳ׻󣬶ΪǱ
ΪЦŵ˵ͷҲãչʵȵһ忪ʱŻһ֮ʱЩ𣬵ѹЩ벽Ӧ㹻ˡ
ţҶǳ˵ͷȴһЦԼĿѹЩЩ벽Ѿˡ
ȻҶǳûзΪ֮뿪ˡ
ʦ𣬵ȵһ忪ͻ֪ͽѾȼʦˣǺǡȥ·ϣҶǳһЦ׼Ϊһϲ
εĵһ壬һսƵʱݶ䶯
Ȼڵ֮УҶǳﵽ˰벽ɱλ벽𣬵ǱϾǵ͵£ȻЩ²⣬Ͼû֤ʵġ
һεĵһ壬ȴĿǲʵˡ
ϾҪõһĴУҪƾԼʵһ·ȥҪʵС


1009 ʦͽ
صԼׯ԰ҶǳֱӱչˣûмǰóյõıʼΪ
ڲ˾׻֮Ҳ١
Ҳߵ

ҿպһȻըֲϯȥΧĶϽ綼ˡ
ɾ޴ıը֮УһѤӰڲԶһʯ档
һŮӣһͷ˿аĺڷƮϸķü£һ˫۾ǳ¡
ǣ΢ΣˮӣҰ촽覵Ĺ˪ۻѩɫӯš
ʥѩк÷ʶأ˿һ۾ԶҲ޷ǡ
һ쿪ˣûزˡŮ
ʱüһ壬óһſռ䷨ֻּּһּ
Ľ庮ٻع飡
ּ࣬ȴŮһ
ʦչأϵĵ磬ȻԸҴѶʲôҪ鷢ˡ
Ľ庮漴ÿռ䷨ּϵԼʶһλԭ
ܿ죬һС
һҶǳĵյõһʮǿսҽ乱׸ɡ
û뵽Ȼ˿Դų׼ȥʱ򣬶оΣȻҽȥܻ߳ǲֶһλ콾ˡ
Ľ庮¶һ˿Цݡ
Ϊ̵ΨһЩһʸѧϰӡ
أٻȥ¾׼ѧϰʮǿս
ˣҲǷһˣҶǳεĵһ϶ҲȥǺǣϣ㲻Ҫʧ
Ľ庮΢΢һЦ漴˺գȥ

ڰԨ
½һƬѹȣϹž񽫴˺ѿӶγһ޴ĵѷ졣
ѷ첻֪жôԹս񣬶û̽ѷĵײ
ǺڰԨ
ڰԨ֮һƬڣĹ߱δ֪ĺڰˣûһƹ߿ѡֻ̽ûõġ
ʱںڰԨĳطһΰעǰһںһͷڰħս˷˺ôһ򣬲Žͷڰħնɱ
ǱǰԽߣԼĴͽһӡ
ʦ𣡡һնɱͷڰħ֮󣬱ԡڰħѪɷ죬ʬɽѪ֮߳ĸħ
ԽοؿԼĵӣɫɱ䣬ȻѾﵽ˰ս񾳽磬ǧҪεһ֮УЩ𶼻ǲ츳ǿΪҲûʲô԰ġ
סһӵ˵ͷƽԿõڷǳ侲ûһ˿ǰô߸ϣʢˡ
Խ˵ЩȲҲûϵȡһĴУʵδǵһλʱҲҪֻҪİ벽Ǿͻлᡣ֮⡭
˵ԽߺȻĿһ䣬˵һΣҲϣٿҶǳСӻ߳һ塣
һɫ䣬ʦģֻҪһεһĹء
Խߵ˵ͷߵΪǸϼһΪʦô꣬һֱΪʦѹšû뵽ͽ֮󣬾ȻתˣͻƵʮһս񾳽磬ͽҲˡվΪʦ°ܽߡ
ˡʱԽϵĿռ䷨ּóһ
һԽ߶ʱɴ۾
ʲô
Խ߾
ʦ𡪡һԣһĿɿڴؿԼʦǵһοԽʧ̬⻹ԼǸһ治ɫʦ
ֻԽߴʱ˵ʮǿսȻʮǿսǲ̾Ȼõһʮǿս
ʮǿսһԵһȻҲ˵ʮǿսǿǹǿʮս֮һѧһţԽɱУݺͬײܡ
Ϊ벽ѧһʮǿսôûʮǿսܶݵؿˡ
뵽һӶʱǰ벽ʮǿսôҲпѧ
ţ
ȻԽһɫѿȻҶǳǸСӹ׵ģȥ˶޵յõʮǿսҽ乱׸ɡ
Ҷǳ׵ģһɫʱ֣ͲˬϾʦܾǸҶǳɱģҶǳľ֡
ԽͬɫޱȣС˴󹦣ʮ꣬һž׻𣬴ΪȻǡ
ʦ𡭡һ֮ʱʡ
ߣҴȥڰԨڵһ忪֮ǰһֱĥһҪСǿҰԽûΪΪҵͽܣȻҲ䡣ԽͻȻץһӣźڰԨȥ


1010 Բ
̵磬һׯ԰֮УҶǳ۾˫ڵӣݱΪ˺ڶǿ棬ӳϵ
սԲ磡
˴յõı֮ҶǳڽһСΣ֮С
ɾ׻ˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ƣһŽɫĻʱģе˸֮
ؿõŽɫΧնŤˣȻǳܲס
Ŵ𣬼ž׻ұѾֻʣĹͺڰˡ
Ҷǳеľ׻¶һĨڴ֮ɫ֪˾֮󣬻ݱΪʲôҷ˲й½ʷأҲδ˵õ𣬵дԣһ˾ôͻںϳһָǿĻ档
գҶǳʼž׻壬һȵĻ棬ʱסȫ£ڵⷽضŤˡ
֮УҶǳƻ飬˵Ѫͷܵ׻Ĵݻ
νһ︴գ׵֮ؼصлҲ︴յ
׻ȻǴ׵֮ͬ׵֮ҲֹЧ
ң׵֮ڶǳЧ
ԣھ׻İ£ҶǳڲϵرǿţܿʹѪ۷壬ѪԲ硣
䡪
ͬʱҶǳһľҲ֮ͻƣ˰սڡ
һ̣ҶǳϢһǿ౶
ϾһΣҶǳΪͻˣͻˡ
Ҫ֪ѪԲʹ½Ҳָ
ЩӵѪԲˣٶʮһǵǿڣҶǳڰս񾳽ӵ˿µǸܡ
ȻЩӵʵţǾͲһˡϾЩƫǿޱȣͨ˸޷ȼ硣
Ҷǳţʵţа֮һս
ǿټ֮֮ͬУѾ޾һеˡ
ǲ
ҶǳȻ˫ȭһգΧһƬնΪ֮飬ǿϯȥׯ԰
ǿ
Ҷǳɴ۾Щ𾪡
ѪԲ磬Ȼӵ˿ֲ
ղһգûж˿ȫǿ֮
ڹƾ֮¾ЩһսˡҶǳ̾ѣǿ󣬻ûԲȻﵽһ
ҪǼͻƵʲôز
ֻǣѪһ磬Ҷǳ֪ʲôؿ϶ǿޱȡ
ҪȥսռӦһԼڵˡҶǳ漴վ뿪ׯ԰ǰԶĵǡ
ıֱǾصսռ䡢ǽ
Ҷǳԣصǵ㽱Ѿﲻ̫ˣȥ
ǽҲˣİޣϾߵռ½ֻһռǽҲûʲôõĽ¼ο
ıڶҶǳõģǵսռ䡣
Ͳ˵ˣҶǳʮĲʱ䣬׼սռڳȥ
սռ䣬һĿռ䣬иʱ̲ͬθеս⾳ֻҪУܴͬһս⾳
ܹ벹̸ʱͬһս벽սս顣
ŽʱҶǳһΣǴȽϲңİ벽ˡ
һΣҶǳ׼һѩǰܡ
䣡
ո̤սռ䣬Ҷǳ㿴һӰԼǰۣͬǰսϢȴޱȵǿ
ָ
һˣͬϵ̫ӴأʲΪϣһ㶼ûаҶǳֱһָղ飬ضҡս
䣡
ҶǳɫһһεţҴ⣬ӶռȭӭȥûжҪԼ
أ
Ҷǳɳȥǰ˵һֲָ̫ˣԶŴһȭ涼ˣûʲô赲һָǳ¡
ǣҶǳȴ˷ܲһΪȻˣûˣ֤Ѿһսˡ
ٽһȭ
ҶǳЦȭӡٶһȭԷ
һʹΧӿȣԭƽȭͷҲ̫ͬһ㱬貵Ľ⣬ƬһƬ


1011 ̻ع
أ
ǰƲһҶǳһȭ飬վֻս⾳Բܳ־á
ԱһӰ۳һŮӣշǳͬɳÿһһʽƮλɱ档
Ҷǳ֮սȭȥ֮󣬱㽫顣
ʮӰ۳ҶǳսǶΣʱս⾳
ʵϣҶǳҲս⾳ˣԺаս񼶱ǿ߹пܴµս⾳
սռһս֮ҶǳѸϤԼʵͬʱҲԼʵһЩ˽⡣
սռڵȻֻս⾳ܷӳսұֳʵҲһսˡ
Ҷǳŵ߳սռ䡣
ǰ˳Ҳǽĵط
ռҶǳ˵
һ̣Ҷǳоǰתܿһ޴ʯ֮С
䡭
޾ĸӿͷ
Ҷǳͬһ麣࣬ڲϵš
׼ֱڴ˵زʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳֻǹȥѣûһ忪ʱ
һβ֪ʲôĵˣҶǳȻϣԼʵǿһΪ츳ѾκˣȻϣԼΪҲ̫ܲԶ

Ǵ㳡һ貵ĹâһѤӰӴ̨
һͬɽѩһŮӣžգʣӳгĲ
찡ȻĽ庮ʦ㣡
ʦˡ
һҪˡ

ڶʱһƬڡ
Ľ庮Ȼþδ飬аʱ䣬ֻҪǲ̵ĵӣûһĴڡ
Ϊ̵ΨһһεĳţĽ庮ǽڽĴڣ⼸Դ̣λȻߡ
ˣĿ̸۵Ķ
䣡
Ľ庮úһ۵Ĵą̂һüĿꡣ
飬ǲ̵һ벽𣬵ѹһӣΪ̵Ķʦ֡
һɫۣ磬Ӣɲ⣬ֿ͸ĸо
䣡
ո̨ʱԱߵһҲһ貵ĹâһǿѪϢźڰԨıֲʱϯ㳡
ʱո̨ӦϢ֮󣬲ɵ¶֮ɫɵͣסŲ
ͬʱ㳡ϵ˶ܵһɳصѹ·ǰһͷ̫ޡ
飬û뵽Ҳˡ
һһɫ۵һӻ̨ĿƽڰԨһ֪ǳϵ·Ȼף¶Ϣȴޱȵıڰ
ԵһĴУ˭ģ
鶢һӣĿ΢΢ƺҪ͸һӣ˵ʦԽһֱںڰԨǱޣջС
һ¶ĺڰԨϢ̫ŨˣʵȻԿóңһӸԽںڰԨǱ޵ϢѾ̡
飬ЩҲС㻹ǱȲĽ庮»֪Ľ庮ӵһʮǿսˡһǴ˵
ϾʮǿսĴڣһܡ
ҲǴʦԽõϢ
Ľ庮ʦεţҵȻԶԶȲϣʲôʮǿսɫһ䣬ĻҲ
һӺٺЦѵû˵Ϊһͽ𣿾յһʮǿսѾʮǿս׸ɣϧûʸѧϰˣֻЩĽ庮ʸѧϰǶҪһʱĿС
Ϊͽܣйâһ˵֪Ҷǳֻû뵽˾ȻյõһʮǿսҲǹõˡ
ǺǣΪõʮǿսһЦһ鲻Ŀ⣬˵ǽȻ߳ˣΪֹҲֻһˣɲѡ
ʲôȻ߳ôܣٶȱɫгš
ҲյȻޱ˽⣬յĽأʮһǵսܵ˱ƣˣӴԺ󣬱Ҳû˸ҽˡ
û뵽ҶǳȻҽȥһõһʮǿս
˼ǲֳһˡ۾ЩĪ˵
һЦһ̤ȥ
ʦҲˡ
һʦ֣û뵽ͬһ
һʱ䣬ǵһ忪ʱ̣˵Ѿв˸ˡ

һȥ֮󣬴㳡ʱһƬڡ


1012 ȺӢ
ʱ䵽ˣ
һҶǳը죬漴ͷԼѾ˳ſڣȻĵʱ䵽ˣѾϳˡ
ʮʱ䣬գۼ
û뵽ʱô죬ڲʱҸûһʱŵĸо·ֻǹȥһСʱ
ҶǳҡҡͷеЩ档
ڵΪʵ޷Ĵڣʵ̫ˡ
һεĲֻΪӰսڽ˰սڡ
ʮʱ䣬ȻֻǰһСΣҶǳЩ
ԽΪԽѣѹ˵ս񾳽Ժ󣬵ñԽԽСˡ
Ҷǳ̾Ϣһ
һ׳һʮǿսԲдͣűʮĵʱ䡣
ĵӣܵõôʱϾҲҪܰʱ䶼ػ
ꡢʮʱ䣬սϵĴڣѾˡ
οҶǳǰս񣬵İ͸Сˡ
ԺֻѰЩĵرܰΪˡҶǳҡҡͷ漴̤뿪
صԼׯ԰Ҷǳ԰ѯһ£֪аǵһ忪ʱ̡
԰˵Ľ庮顢һѾϻˣǰǰֵһڡ
ʵϣݴ󲿷ŶѾ˵һ壬Ѿɽ˺ǳ֡
Ȼ˶׼һ壬ЩǴȥֵġ
Ҳóˣ
Ҷǳ԰£뿪˵硣
ѩ˻ڱչҶǳûдǣֱӷ㳡
Ҷǳ
ĴҪȥְ
û뵽Ҳȥһ壬Ȼʵվֻ޵вεţһο˲Ͱ벽޵вεĸûʸȡһĴС
ԲһʦΪѾ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ΪλȨأҲˡ
һĴҲô׶ȡģʵ˵һȥء
꣬С㣬˼Һôһʦǿɵﲻ𡣡

һЩ˿ҶǳǰֵĴ󣬲ɵõۡ
ȻҶǳ츳ѾȼȻʵѾﵽ˰սڣ֪һ˺١
ϹŴĵ֮бֺܵ͵һһЩ²֮⣬˸֪ҶǳʱѾﵽ˰벽Ρ
ǰȻڶ޽ƣӲٿճǳһսǶ޾ݺԶϢǶʱڿԴĹġ
Ҷǳ׳һʮǿսǸص飬ڲֻһЩ֪ĵҲֻһӡ֪Щͼӿɲ֪Щ
ˣ˵ӡ֮УҶǳֻһ޵вεŵӣʵֵҲܲڡ
ϾҶǳûʲô۵սصҲûȥȻ֪ʵ츳
û뵽С
վڴ̨ϣҶǳɵһԳ֮ɫ
Щ˵᲻֪
Ҳᣬô˵Ǳ˵飬ʵֲЩ˵۶ǿǼ
˵һεĵһ崫֮󣬻˭СҶǳ
䣡
һ貵Ĺ⻪һ̣ҶǳѾʧ̨ϡ
úҶǳִ֣һ·˲ƣһ塣
һ·ϣҶǳ˲ߣǰķһȻЩ˶ڸһ塣
ι˵ɵλţζѾˣһڿ϶ޱ֡
УϢˣ˵ɵλˣ˵ʥеʥҲεŸϹ
ףʥزһжǵ˻ҽһ壿ѵµһ󷨽ɱ
֪ˣʥкܶţεŶֹһλǣʥйأÿһֻһλˣЩѡˣֻ֮ܳΪͻʧߣûеõʥصУԵһǲӦġ
ԭˣ˻ʥأɻǲԶˣʥ֮УεŶֻʧߣֱ󰡡
˭˵أҪȻʥضǳȻ⣬ɵ˶Ҫ֮ͷ

ԶҶǳһЩ˵̸ۣɵ𶯲ѡ
εţʥأȻֻʧߺͣ
ôʥصˣжôֲ
һɱĳţǼֱежôֲýָͷ붼֪
ҶǳĿⲻɵʥسư½ô꣬ûԭġ
ãһεĵһ崫УҪʥصС
ֻһЩʧߺͣԵġ


1013 С
һ壬ƣӴΡ룬һͨӣأƬ񷡣
һŵһ壬˿ɽľɫɽ£֪ʱһͭţɢԶʱĲɣϢ
ͭϵδ֪ķģɢŵĹΣ˿ǹرյģ赲ס˵ߡ
Ȼһ廹ûеʱ
ݣ
ҶǳԶ˹ʱǰһĻˡ
ʱһϵ£ӰѹѹһƬضסˡ
һȥǧˣǳ𺳡
ЩˣеϥУеվڴϣеһòϣеվһƬҶϣеվһƬϡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȴǿŵһɽµͭţȴŵһĿ
ͭŵǰ棬ҶǳһЩˣһӵӰȻжû뵽Ҳˡ
һŮӣһ꣬ǺһӲվţȻǲ̵ˣҶǳóŮӵĵλһӺ֮ϣͿԲ³ˡ
Ľ庮𣿡Ҷǳ뵽
֮⣬ҶǳһЩϢ˿ˣվͭŵǰ棬Ȼɵš
У޳˭û֪ȴܹµóΪ޳һһͷŵġ
ͷһ壬½ǿһҲɲ١
ʣĸͷ
ʣҲֻʥˡ
Ȼ޳ˣʥǿߡ
ż޳Ŀ֮жЩɵ;η
ʥظ߸ϣȻ⣬ɶǳɵ
û޳ѹͷ𣿵ɵţȻϺܲˬȴû˸Һǳ⡣
Ҫǻһˣͱɵǿ߸ˡ
ϤϢǡ
ͻȻҶǳ֮ɵͫһг˾ϲͷŭ֮ɫ
һͷצįľȻǱū˺ܾãܵǰδеĥ
ҶǳצϣȴܵһϤϢСϢ
ȻСѾܾûˣȻǰͷצΪﵽս񾳽磬ǹϤϢҶǳȴ޷ǣϾַС壬С֮䣬һѪĸӦ
СС壬ĵ𣿡
Ҷǳϵצ
ϵצʱۿһĿ֮ƺ˲ţΪԼˣ鲻ԽسȥǴ㶵Ŀ֮Уһϣи֡
ҶҶ硭
צûٽаְ֣Ȼǳ֮Ѿָǰļ䡣
С壡Ҷǳ˫ⱬһŭϯĳ
С徹Ȼ䵽³
С徹Ȼūۣ
צ֮Ȼ˱Ƶ
Ҷǳ˫ĿһͬһһӾͳСĶ档
ʲô
һƬǲɵþ
ҶǳͻȻȻ˵Ŀ⣬Ͼǰ˵ؿһƬƽ
䣡
Ҷǳ޹˼ɣŭ˲֣һնסСȻֽ̽Сץ˹
󵨣
޳֮Уһܻŭ
ΪҶǳ̫ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶǳҶ޳֣޳˶û뵽ԲűҶǳ˲֡
С壬û°ɣҶǳû޳ˣǹĵؿС壬ʱСѾָΡ
ָεСԵú㣬һģؿҶǳԭеĴѾûˣ˷ܵ˵Ҷ磬㣬½ˡ
˵ţһѱסҶǳʹ
Ҷǳһʹ֪С˺ܶί°οˣԺûٸ۸ˡ
Ҷǳԭ㣬ôĵӣޣֱòͷˡʱһ޳֮˳ҶǳĿ΢΢һ漴ǳ
Ҷǳ
仰·ļˣɵһҶǳȥ
ЩˣĽ庮飬һӣҲɵš
ȻҶǳ֣Щš
һӣǲ̵λҶǳ𣿡Ľ庮˵
Աߵһӵ˵ͷ̧ͷеҶǳ˵
˼ȻһͶˣȻոߵѹָҽʵûƢȴˡԱߵһϷŰЦ
ͬʱҶǳתͷ޳üͷʱ΢΢һЩ죬Ϊһˡ
ԭ㡣
ǰˣǵս֮У㱻ɱġ֮˱ܾ֮󣬴ȴΪһ͡


1014 
ʥ֮һɶҪǿ࣬ư½¡
ɣ˶ż룬Ҷǳܾ
Ҷǳܾ󣬳ûΪһ͡
óıøǿˣΪﵽս񼶱츳Ҳﵽ޵вΣȵսʱǿˡ
ټԱȻ緢վ޳ϣһ־£ĸо
Ҷǳû뵽ôͼˣϧû뵽ǣûȥ㣬㾹ˣֱǻòͷˡ
˫֣ҶǳгţżҪҶǳǿ
ߣƣĪ˵˭Ķ𣿡ҶǳЦ
Ҷǳ㡭ɫһ䣬ȷҶǳĶӣƽ裬޶꣬ϣгһܹһѩǰܡ
Ҳ͸ᣬûȥҶǳҶǳȴѾԼˡ
뵽ЦҶǳս֮ҵȷ㣬ϧ㲻ʶܾ࣬޶꣬츳ΪѾԽ㡣
ʿյĿҶǳҾ㿴˭˭Ķӡ
һ͵˺գ˲ִҶǳǰһ̽Ƴְ֮ɫһɿֲϢⷽض鿪
֣
Ǳĵĳøǿˣһ̽һɽһǳأ˲顣
ڱֵʱȴһƬڡ
ΪӱĻ֮Уǵõ˲پ˵Ϣ
ҶǳȻлȻܾˣںܶֱЩţЩεţЩš
Ҫ֪ǿʥ֮һ˭ܷεţԸ
Ȼܾò˵λҶʦܣԽԽȤˡһ֮£Ҳɵø̾
һһ˿ʣ漴ߵΪףΪβս֮У츳޵вζûдﵽҲֻһͣ¾ܾԭ򡣡
ͣҲͣҲͣЩȻͣǳ󣬸ʵҡͷ
Ľ庮еս˵ʺԼõģҶʦܼǲ̣ɲ
Ļ£еսҲֳʤ
ʣǱҶǳһȭѪⳡս̫ˣ˫ֱһεġ
ҲԣȻ̤޵вΣΪҲﵽս񾳽磬Ҷǳڱǲ̫ˡ
˵츳Ĳ࣬ΪǶܴһսһսôȣ
ۣ
ؿڵѪŵصŶҶǳû뵽ԼȻԷһȭܣоţ㾹Ȼﵽ˰ս񾳽磬ôܣǲ̵ԴôܱȵΪôܱһǿ
սҲ𾪲ѣҶǳ˭Ȼһȭͻһ͡
ԣ㡭
ڴʱȻɫһ䣬ͷԼؿڵѪһɫĻӳӵȫ¡
ҲǲһҶǳĮű𸲸ǵı˵
˲ǵˣҵйڣҪǣ˻ūС壬ͳЩҶǳҲܷŹˡ
أ
ҶǳĻ£˶ըһƬɫĻϯȥ޳

޳֮Уһŭȡ
һ̣һӰ˳һƻӳֲӡһӾͰЩˡ
һɫۣһ˫ͬǿգ޵С嫵־ľ״̬ȴһ㣬ҫʱգֺ֮꣬𾪡
һ˲䣬վϵˣվڵϵˣܵһɳصѹȸС
һλ𣡡
·һɫޱأӣг˼ɵ֮ɫ
һԵ飬Ҳޱأ˵ĵӣȻˣܹΪĵӣ϶ӵʵ𡣡
Ҷǳˣޣɱֱͣ޷ˣ»ǣǲ̣ɶ񡣡һŭУȴһƬֻ
Ҳüȴû˵
СӣҲҪˣ㾹ҵҵҵޣɱͣ˭ʲôݣ춼û˿Ծȵ㡣ضҶǳڿһˡ
Ҳû׼Ź㣡Ҷǳ˵ӣͬɱΪǴūС壬ܹܵСڲŭڡ


1015 Ľ庮
һƬ𾪣ҶǳɱͲ˵ȻɱĵӣʲôֱԲѣ
һ˭ȻôҪ֪ʽӣǿɶ𰡡
̫ˣĵӣһλŰ
˵Ҷǳ˵ǲ̸ΪͽܣΪһֱûͽҲͽġ
Ϊ˵Ѿ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ʵȲ̵İԽ߲½ҲһλǿߣϧͽЩ̫ԲˣֱʦȮͽ
ΣǰҲø׳ƳҲ֪Ǵһսģԭֻһ벽޵вεţ벹̺޵вΣּʽ֮ɻɱ
޵вεҲһλ𣬼ֱòͷˣһˣҹΪҪմΪͽˣֱһӢٵˡ
Ľ庮ǻ᲻ְɣ½ĹأһӵܼĽ棬ϱǿǲֵģͬһĽ庮ȴǿԲ֡
ٺ٣ǲڲҲһ飬ЩӾޱȼңĽ庮ŲΪһȥʽӣֱֺá

۷׷ףҶǳĿ⣬ڿһˡ
ЦĿ⣬˷ûһ˿Ҷǳ
Щ˰ĿͶĽ庮ˣƺ룬ǻ᲻˼ְͬ꣬Ҷǳ
ֱ޴ԭΪһ֣û뵽³ç˵ֻһ޵вεţǰ벽εţҲ䡣
ҡҡͷȻûгĴ㡣
һԣһӱ˫ۣһϷӡԽɱҶǳǼȻ˴ͣȻ֮
ݣ
ڴʱһӰ̤նϣһɫһ䡣
Ϊǲ̵ĴʦĽ庮
ʲô
ôܣ
Ľ庮Ȼȥˡ

ΧһЩע˵صˣɵþ
Ľ庮ĵſգ˵Ŀ⣬۶
У׼ֻɱҶǳӣɵĿһؿſնĽ庮˵ǲ̵Ľ庮ɣôͷ
ڲ̵Ľ庮жţϾεţ֮£ȻעһЩûԴҶǳӶԷǰĽ庮ΪͬȲεǿߡ
Ƿһ飬Խ첻ò֣ϣ¸һӣһΡĽ庮ͬѩа÷䣬˵ʱΧ¶ȶֱܵӰ񣬼ֱ˼顣
ʱҶǳҲɵؿĽ庮Ľ庮Ļ֮ʱˡ
ȻĽ庮Ѿѧ˷ӡǳһ飬ѹֻͷҪԷԼͷ
ҶǳһĮҲûֹϾԷԼͷԼܲܵ¿ηΰɡ
ɱӣɱˣ½һ壬һлɱˡ
Ƿ飬ʲô£ӿĽ庮ЦͬΪʲôҪӣѵҸǿ
ΪĵӣͬҲǸ߸ϣûɵ
ҪǣԶʥĵڿţ첻ҶǳɱǾ̫ˣᱻʥģͬŶƲ
Ľ庮ӣǺǣҲɻѲ̵ûѲ̷
ӵУֻһ֣Ǳͬʥصʥ
Ŷˣа֣Ǿǵһ塣
ƽһûд˵ģһд˳֣ôȷʸĶ֣Ͼʥء
ԣһϷŰؿĽ庮Ŀ֮УһĨ֮ɫ
ҪĽ庮ôѡҪŸöԷ
Ҳǿ
Ľ庮˵
Ӷʱ¶Цݣ˵ʶ֪࣬Լҡ
ǽţӵɫ
ΪĽ庮˵ҲһսǾֻܾˣʱԵһĴУ㻹ƾʲôʥĵ᣿
ԣɵһݣԭĽ庮㡣
Ҳԣ˭˭ǿӸǿһЩܹǿ٣һĽ庮һսȻܾˣʱôȫʢʱڵʥһĴУ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ɫޱȣĿصĽ庮вң
ʵĽ庮˵
䣡
˲ȭӿҵȭմأһŽɫԣը죬Ľ庮ûˡ
ӣԣȽһȭ˵â֮УӵĴ
·ˣǸеһ۵Ĺâ׷ױ۾


1016 
أ
дһ죬󲻾ã۵Ĺâɢ¶еľ
һȭԭز˫֣ĿȻء
۶Ľ庮ŵסӵһȭ֮ʤ븺һɡ
ʽӣҵȷ磡Ľ庮˵ֻû˿ĻƵ
Ҳɵø̾һЩ
һЩˣȴƽΪĽ庮û䣬ղ֮ԱһȭˣǹΪ֮ġ
Ľ庮ΪʲôҪô
ӵĻ˵һˡ
Ľ庮ʸ֪ҵ֣ҽй콾Ҿ͸һӣֻڴ˵أ˵һ壬ôұ㲻ٸӡ˵
ƨ˵ؾͷŹҶǳӺڣԣղŻһȭĽ庮Ҳʶ࣬ⱻ͸һ̨¡
˿ӲǺĽ庮дʱĹҶǳһΡ
ϾڶȡһĴ֮ǰҲĽ庮ܾˡ
Ľ庮ȻҲϣڴʱܾˡ
л֣Ľ庮˵ģֻǷһ飬ȻѾˣôڵһڣҾͲٶ¡
ãסĻ콾һת޳
Ľ庮Ҷǳüͷ΢΢һ壬˵̫³çˣƾΪԻͣʽӣΪ츳Զ֮ϣ֣һȭӲס
ҶǳĿɿڴԼôǰŮӣδҲ̫Ϊ˰ɡ
ԷղŵȷΪͷˣνֲЦˣܷܲ˰ɡ
ԣҶǳֻñֳĬ
Ȱ㻹ǻȥɣȻѾ콾ˣôһһ壬ɡ
Ľ庮˵գȻӡ£ֻǷһ飬ڵһ֮ΣգҲٳ֣ϾҲıķ֮Ϊ֮ɡ
˵꣬Ľ庮תȥ
ȻһҶǳӡܲ̫³çˡ
Ź׷ӡȡĹͣ˰ս񾳽磬ΪŰս񼶱Ϊɱʽ
˵صţһǰս񼶱
Ľ庮ҡҡͷ»صһӡߣ˫顣
Ůˡǰ
ҶǳĽ庮ıӰɵҡҡͷ漴ҲᣬǴС壬ȥһط
ߣ
ߡ
һСıǣ

ҶǳһΧһЩˣ㲻Լͬ뿪˵أʲôˮһѸԶ
Щһ
ҶǳЩΣЩԼô
֪Щں¹콾˹콾Щ˴Լ߱¹콾ΪʶܵǣԲԶ
ԴˣҶǳҲᣬֵ徲
ৣ
Ҷǳһɨȥһʯгƽ棬漴Сϥ档
ҶǳСʵ˵˵ɣô£ѩ˵ˣͼ綼ͷһǰˣôᱻǹ콾ūˣ
һ㣬Ҷǳɻ
⡭ϣСЩŤŤ֣ҶǳĿ£ſЦ黺˵
Ҷǳ֮󣬲ɵҡҡͷ
ԭ壬ҲǾޱȼңΪпᡣ
ңϵܺã˵ġ
壬һӵܱ̭ΪʧߣôͻᱻĵӣΪǵ
С壬һʧߣԲű콾ѡΪ
ҶǳЦǣС屻̭Ϊ츳Ϊûлչ¶Լ츳
ϾСΪצ֮У츳ҲСôҲᱻ̭
ǣС嵱ʱûгʱڽҶǳְ֡ǰûлָһͯûʲô
һͯȥЩ˼ϵӵܾô
ʵϣĽС徭ܵ۸ܵѹܵƭԴˣôΪ̭˭̭
ⲻСΪ콾һЩԴΪʱǵս񼶱
ֻǣĴɲôã콾СǶʱȡСѪȥС÷ǳҡ

Ҷǳһ̾С嵱뿪ʱܡСҲпԭëͲôˡ
ëΪΪĺڣ²Сܵѹƭëѹķˣƭķˣһڷڿ϶ڣޱȡ
´μëһҪúý̵һС壬ϾСô棬޷ȥ


1017 һ
óһս񼶱ĵҶǳ佻С壬Լȥˣյõġ
ľս񼶱ĵҶǳѾûʲôôˣű
ղҶǳѯСĵú̺֮ĵһǾͲ˵ˣ϶ҪСˡ

µʱתۼһ죬һĺһΧ˽̧ͷȥһֱرյͭڻ
һӣ˶һ˫˫۾ɫʣǽͭš
һ塭Ҫˡ
ĳʯϣҶǳҲվտտضŻ򿪵ͭš
䣡
ͭų״򿪡
˵Ŀ۶
û˸ȴͭţҶͭţϾ˭֪ʲôΣգ˵ĶǴˣԸͷ
ڴʱһŲ
һ̣˵֮Уһɫ۵ߣͭڻ߳
ƺܴͷ׷Ӷˣټϵİɫۣ˿һѩˡ
һ徹Ȼˣ
ѵǵһдĸ֣
ܣ˵Ϲĩһսһ˶ˡ

һɵ۷׷ס
ƺ֪ڲ²Լ
߱˫֣Ŀɨˣ΢΢ЦȻŪĴһ㣬˾Ͷˡ
ˣ߼˵ǲں˼ˣһѾˣֻǵһػ󷨵飬ǿԽҰϣһմ˵ĿˣƶҲһ
ԣʱȻ
һЩǿ󷨣ڣϾʦԼҲҪôƽ󷨣Ҫˡ
ʵϣĴɣǵ󷨾ӵڣԸӦҶǳƣ벹̵ʱ򣬲ֹܵûƣǾû취̵ͨػ󷨡
һܺ棬ǰһմˣǺصġһΣȴĿ
ϿɻĿ⣬˵
Ҳȷܺ棬Ͼһ崫˳ֵʱǲ֪һ˴ˣڴ֮ǰûһ㶯
һΣȴ½˶֪ˣôǰ
ʵǣΪһԴùˣֻ֧һλˣԡ
˵̾Ϣһ˵ԣǵһһմˡ

ԣʱ𾪡
ξȻǵһһմˣôԺ󣬵һĴҪϾˣ
ȻҲĿ˸žϲ֮ɫΪȻһմˣôһ϶ḶĴۣӶͳǿĴˣǲõһĴб
ԣһδУ˭ܹõȻõһб
ʱڳһЩ𡢰벽𣬽Ķ
վ󣬵һľԴصսǶǷͬСɵı
ǺǣЩѾʶʲôˡЦˣ̶ͷ˵ûһεմΪͬΪյĴˣҲֻǴ˶ѣҲֻǵӡ
һΣΪǵһĻˣյĲǴˣǼ̳ߡ
˭ͨ˿ˣôõһһУһ塣ʱ㽫ǵһˣ˵ǵһķҲ޲ɡ

ŰϵĻ£˶ʱһƬȻ
ѡӰѡŰ
ȺУһ벽ǵ۾ȫˣһѡ
õ˵һ壬ʲô˶
һ弴ûˣûˣҲʥ֮һ
ͨ˿ˣҪΪʥ֮һˣǵġ
ңһػ󷨺ǿҪԳֲܹơ
֪һҪʲô
ǵ̡
һ壬Ȼĵ̣ȫĵط㹻˿ٳһǿ
һ壬ԺͿ԰ѧԺЩ˽ӹˡҶǳйâңһ̣Ķޱȡ
ȺУҲĶޱȡ
дﴫµŬһҪͨˣΪһĴˡ
Ҷǳӵ˲һλϵĴ
̵ػȻǿ󣬵ǱȲϵһ壬õһ壬ôܼ̾һ壬㲻Ǽ룬Ҳܰһ֣ò̶һפأӶ
Ҫ֪ǲƶǵһȴǿƶֱһƶսݣ̫ˡ
һʮǿսٵõһ壬Ǿĳ׳ԽˣδʥضкܴĿܡ
ˣ˿ʼǽȥɣ漴ͭţӰʧ
һۣƬ̺һӰͭųȥ


1018 ʮ
һǧˣ˶μӵһĿˣֵġ
ֻһٶˣͭš
ҲһЩϱǿҪȥͭڵĹâ赲סˣǴﵽսϵΪ޷ͭš
ȻһεĿˣֻȡսµĴڡ
Щ˲û뿪Ƕڵһ棬Ǻ֪˭ͨˣΪһĴˡ

ţ
ʱҶǳһƬϵĽֵϣΧưܵķݣ·һ̵Ĺųǳء
䣡
ͻȻһɫҶǳУҪ㵽ɫ
ʲô
Ҷǳһɡ
סĺɫûʲôΣգֱֻͨ񷣬ԵúҫۣںԶõ
䣡
ڴʱҶǳԶЩɫֱͨ񷣬ɫһģһѵҲˣ
Ҫ£ЩɫûʲôΣգǵҪãǱ¶ǵλá
ȻһϤЦ˵Ķ
һ̣ϵӰ˸߿֮С
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬еİϡ
Ц˵һٶ˽μӿˣϧ̫ˣڱԣҾһοˣǽ˸̭
Ļвɵһ½Ŀˣƻܲпᡣ
ҶǳܵһЩͨɫЩ²⣬ƴɱ
Ȼ
ֻϼ˵ڷֳһٸҲһǳأÿǳشһˣǡ
˵¶һĨЦݣÿǳһʮҲ˵ֻʮ˿ͨһصĿˣʣµˣҪ̭
ԣʱɫ䡣
ÿǳֻʮͨˣôһǳؼҲֻһǧ˶ѡ
һأҪ̭һٶˣ̭ʰٷ֮ʮŵţ˾
ЩʵǿĻãЩʵµģʱѾ֪ԼûʸٵõһĴˡ
ϣʮλã˸ʵ
Ҳ䡣
Ȼж˲²⣬ǻһ˿ϣ
ǰĻһ˿ϣˡ
ܼ򵥣ڻʣµʮˣܹͨˡϱϣֳһĨ̵ЦݣȰһ䣬ûʵģϽѡ뿪ֻҪĬ뿪Ҿͻǳȥ
ǣһ˿ʼǾͲ뿪ˣʱֻ·һǻͨˣһǳΪ˽µʬ塣ˣһ£˵н󷨣ǲҪˡ
ŰϵĻ£ӰҲʧԭڵĵط޴֡
ʮšˡ
Ȼڵʱ
һ㣬ǿ˿ʼʱˡ
˵ĶʱһЩΪʵģĬ뿪
Щ˱ûʲôʵֻΪڼȻΣգȻȲ뿪
ϾԼСҪ
ҶǳؿõΧЩɫڲϵʧš
塭ġ
еڼ٣ڵˣҲʧĸˡ
һ
ֱΪһʱ˶Լ̧ͬͷеǸ޴ġһ֡
ʱٶ˱仯ӡһΪˡʮߡ
Щɻʲô
ڴʱϵȻ𣺡ǸԳе
ԣʱȻ
˵ɫ
û뵽ǳػоʮ߸ˣ˵ɱʮ߸˲СҶǳҡҡͷ˵˻Ƕࡣ
Ҷǳûмڶֻ֣˸طϥţȴԼš
νոߵ
Ҷǳʵ˵κˣȻҪܣҲҪȥɱˣôţȻٶɱ˶ԷɣҲ򵥡

˿̣ڵһ棬˾ɵĿУһӰͭڷɳǶԵûͷʡ
գ֮䣬н˷ɳ
𾪣ô˳ˣ滹ʣ¶أ׷ʲô飿
ֱʳԭ򣬲һƬ̾ϢһĿ˾Ȼ˲пᣬһؾҪ̭ôˡ
Ҫ˴ɱֻѡһǧˣˣ
Ҫ֪ڻģţܶ඼ɵţһЩһɵţЩһ䣬Ǹɵľ޴ʧ
οһʧô࣬øԵɴԪˡ
ԣЩɵĴ׷׿һ壬ĺڴ


1019 
ʮ塭ʮʮߡʮ
Ҷǳ̧ͷգؿڲϵؼ٣һμӿ˵
ûͬЩˣȻЩѡ˴˵أǱѾ
ν죬ˡ
ҶǳãߡڴʱԶһɫҶǳ֮УǺɫ֮һ꣬Ҷǳݺ󣬶ʱһæתӡ
Ҫ֪ҶǳǰȻûʲôǲǰڻɱͱչֳ˰ս񼶱Ϊ˼ɵˡ
Ͼһܹﵽս񼶱ģǷǳϡٵġ
Ȼûдﵽս񾳽硣
ȻˣǾͲҪˡ
ǰӣҶǳһЦ漴ָһһɫָâ˺գǸҪߵüĹᴩ
㡭
ָҶǳʵص˵ϡ
ս۷壬սΪûдﵽȻڴ˵أѰ·ҶǳŵϵǾʬ壬Щҡҡͷ
ԭΪˣٶսϵΪû뵽Ȼ߸Ҫ׼𣿼ֱ
ǰ϶Ѿ˵ˣÿǳؾֻʮ£Ǻûʲô
ϾܹʣµˣǶǿеǿߣһߣٺãҲʮ֮С
ȻΪΪʳ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴ʽ
Ѿռ𣬵ķʽʽʽΪŵõľ׻Զʱڻûɹ
ٷʽѶȲѶȵռ
ҶǳȻռôͬˮɣǳɡ
ԿõҶǳڣڻΪһ壬ںϳһ߲ʹţȵĻ棬·ػ¯֮У¶ð
ʽǿֲһɹ൱ڷӡﵽԲ
Ҷǳںϵ𣬸ǻһĿֲܣ־ϲ
ʱڿȷʽȷҪʮǿսҪǿ࣬ķӡҪǿ󣬱ʮħҲҪǿ
⻹ֻһϾĿԻˡ
ҶǳЩڴļϾ֮ʱ±ư½ɨ޵֮ʱ
쿴ȻɵҪʱ𣿹
һЦȻ
Ҷǳ۾ȥֲԶӽܿ죬ͿϤӰ
Ϊ׵һˣȻǶ֮һҵۣҵĳϡ
յҶǳһˣһӾϳˡ

ʱλҵĳҲҶǳݣʱɫһݣ˵
ۣɫ䣬æ˵ԭҶ֣ղŲ֪Ҷڴ˵أеҶˡ
ճǣǼҶǳĿֲ֪ԼԶԶǶ֣ȻҵҶǳ
ʣҶǸ˵գԱߵ˴ȵ
һҲʶҶǳĿֲǿҶǳճǳսǼֱŴˣʱޱȺڣæǸҶӣĳ飬ûϳ㣬ˡ
ˣҶǳ˵
ʶʱһϲ
һԵҲ˿ֶҶǳЦҶִд
û˵꣬Ҷǳ㵭˵֮ˣǸ
˵գһǿϢҶǳϱͬʱ˫⼤䣬˴ȥ
Ҷ㡭ɫһ䡣
䣡ҶǳѾӶȭͷˣûжǽƾѪԲεĿֲѾգⷽضһ
أ
۾ȫ֣ǱҶǳһȭɳȥڵɵ;УѪɫȻŵصҶǳ
ۣ
ۣ
ͬʱҵĳϣǱҶǳһȭ䱬ˣֱӵ
۵һϿɶǰս񼶱Ȼ츳һЩϾϱǿߣȻҶǳһȭ䱬ˡ
û뵽Ҳ˰ս񾳽磬Ϊ˵һĴУҲǺķ˲ٴۡҶǳ۾ۣƺԼûһȭɱЩȡ
Ͼڵǳֱֲεĳſ⡣
Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳֻǰ벽ѣȻԵסһȭǲС
Ҷ֣л˵ʮҵʵȫռֺ֮αƴһ۲ǵѪҺЦ
ʶҶǳĿֲʵǲҵҶǳˣҳϵҲȱϡ
Ҷǳؿۣ˵ڶޣʦҵʱȴִֵճһ·ϵĴ󶼱˸ƻˣܹһģֻǶ塣
ҶǳȻ޵飬һͻɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻֲõԤС


1020 
Ҷǳۣ˵⣬Һ½Ʒԩ޳ΪͻȻɱң½Ʒɵݣܹ˵ұĲ̶ҳֻ֣ͬж޵õ
۳ĬˣѾڿˡ
ҶǳɫԽԽ䣬ɭضۣʱճǣսʤѾ뿪ֻۻڳôһеĻ֣ͲԶˡ
̧ͷҶ֣ⶼһ²ѡ
ǺǣֲҪԲã²Ͳ²⣬ֻҪ϶˾ˡҶǳЦһ漴ٶȳۣӶȭͷâɡ
۴˵Ҷ֣һΣԵõҵꡣ
ƨҶǳм֮ɫӶȭͷֲһƬ纣Х
ɫ䣬֪޷Թˣ㲻ٶԣһȫսҶǳս
䣡
ս֮УˣϵصѪҶǳǱɣҶǳĶ֡
ʵôôǿţѾ̤˰ս񾳽磬ΪҶǳҴҶͬİ벽ܱҶǳôࡣ
ǽҶǳһȭӲסش
ȥɣҶǳһӶȭͷֱӺ䱬۵
ۣ
ڲԶָ壬ѪȻؿҶǳ㲻ǰ벽еʵ㾹ȻﵽΣôܣ
ͬΪ磬ܹɾܽ򱬣Ҳֻˡ
ңܹӦĳҶǳʼնûжȫս
ֲֿ۾ޱȣֱǰδ
̫ˣ
ҶǳŲԶָۣм֮ɫûжܣƾսͽ۸ˡ
㡭
߳ŭѪ̫ˣڶޣ˭˵̫ˣǶǿ֮һҵδҼעҪΪ޵ľͷ
ǷݣҲǰ벽ԺɵЩűȼ磬˭˵̫ˣ
ǿŶչֳ޵˵Ҷǳ۶ʱЦһԼȷ̫ˡ
Ҷ֣һᣬνһܱȶһҪáұˣѾûҪٵǶҡ۳˵
Ȼ֪˶ɱο㣿ҶǳЦ
ৣ
תӡ
Ȼкɫסȫ£ӵҶǳ֮С
Ӳģ
ҶǳǸһĨЦ漴˫һ棬˱ͬһڵһܿ׷ۡ
ҶۿҶǳ׷ʱ
ҵʱ򣬾ע˻һ죡ҶǳĮ˵ͬʱһȭ
䣡
һαҶǳˡ
һΣۻָ壬ҶǳѾϣ˲ȭոջָ۸ˡ
飡
ʮΣҶǳڽɱ
һλ벽𣬶֮һڴˡ
䣡Ҷǳһֱ̤ӷ۵Ķȫȡ˹
ͬʱϵɡʮ塯Ϊʮġ
һתۣѾһˣò˶ãһؿ˱Ҫˡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷգ뵽
ʱѪɫԶӽȻˣΪɱֳۣĶЩɡ
Ҷǳû뿪ֱӵڴ˵أȵ˳ֺٽնɱ

࣬ϵ֣ٶҲˡ
ֱΪʮ󣬶Ҫÿ죬Żһȥ
ΪǳغӴ󣬶ʣµȴʮˣǶҪʱҵõҲѡ
οʣĶʮˣһǿеǿߣô׻ɱģ˲Ķ֣ٿߣɱԷģϾ١
Ҷǳʵԭشţֻ˸Żᶯֽɱûгȥ׷ɱˡ
ʮ壡
һ죬Ҷǳ̧ͷգеѾʮ壬ǳֻʣʮˡ
ֻҪȥˣһصĿ˱ˡ
ǵĶȥôˣȻûͨһصĿˡһ죬һ˶
ʱ̧ͷ㷢ٶȳְϵӰ
ڰϵУһźɫĹӣ˸˵Ĺͫһ
ǶΪֻҪһŶܹǵΪһСΡ
ɭЦһÿһǳضͶһŶ˭õ˭ģ
һݣǶףôҪö˵ɱ
ϾֻһŶ˭õ
˵Ŀ֮УϽеĶ·ĳǳض
һ˲䣬ÿһǳڣ˵Ŀ⣬ǿ׹Ķȥ


1021 ɱСħ
ΪΪʳҪõǾȥɣֻеõ˶ΪһοʱŻаͨ
Ц
ĻжܲˬǴöɱ
ȻֲòŶȥϾ㲻ȥͻᱻ˵õ˭Ըôõıأ
Ҫǣǻڿأʵһ㣬ôͨʱһְˡ
뵽˾ܺ޵ҧгݣȴɲòհϵ뷨Ŷķɱȥ
һֱ͵Ҷǳ˲ɱٸķ
һǳرһŶһǳǾһٿŶһ廹ǸаһóһٿŶ
Ҷǳи̾ѡ
Ȼձ󣬵һԴľˣҲǿϾʥ֮һ
ŶҪˣ
ҶǳŲԶڻĶ۾гһߣ˸ɱ졣
Ϊ˶ɱ䣬ϾܹһСεΪ
˭Ը
ȫܣ
ɱ
Ѿһ嵽˶·ʱ˴ɱսϣ
ҹиˣǿɱ룬̽ץеĶ
ǲ
һ۵ĵ˸һҽУһַֻգһѪ¡
ŶСħҪˣĸϽҹһħһĸߴӰڣӶеħǿߡ
м˵׷׺ˡ
ߣСħħ벽εţħһλǧ
ߣǲСħǲħ
߰ɣŶܹõġ

ȸϵļˣɵ÷׷뿪ȻҪҲûǵСҪ
ҪǣСħôúҪħ˭һλĶ֣
ǻء
ʶ࣡СħЦ̽ץеĶŶʵǿһˣﵽս񾳽Ҳ⡣
һǿģֻʣǼˡ
һĴУҲʸһˡ
ָ
Сħ˵ʱһ
漴һ޴ĺɫָâգСħľ˺ѿ
˭Сħŭ𣬱ĿɨӰ˷ɱ⡣
ԶһӰٱδһǿϢǵһϯ
ȻǿߣСħɫһ䣬ΪǳԼǿһ˵û뵽һλǿߣǿϢɢеļ²ѡ
Сħþò˳СħǰЦ˵
ǸϹҶǳ
ΪλЩԶҶǳЩֱڲŸϵûü
ŰҪˤĶҶǳЦСħŶҪˣɡ
Ҷǳ
Сħ۾ҶǳɫأȴߵôĿҹΪ˭𣿡
ȻߣǾȥɣҶǳЦһٶԣȭɱСħȭӿڣ졣
㲻ɣСħһеħͳҶǳһǳҵĵâ˺أն˻棬ֲͬһк¡
أ
ȭ뵶âײ貵ԡ
ֲƬ֮зڣ˷ϯȥ
ʲô
ȻСħɫһ䣬ЩŵؿҶǳ
ǲͬʱСħеħϳѷ죬Ȼ˲䱬һɿ͵ݺݵػСħ˶Ѫɡ
ҵˡҶǳϣһץסĶ
ԶСħͫһ̶ŭȵ¶
ٶóһħҶǳ˹
ҶǳһЦֱӷռȭµսΪһ壬ֲ

Сħҽһ˶ҵĹѿ嶼ըˣȻҶǳһȭܲס
ߣ츳ңΪҲңƾҲҿ⣬۶ǿ
ҶǳЦ
ﵽ˰ս񾳽磬ǰСħֻսԲѡ
ͬǰ벽츳СħȻ۸ǿ
ԣҶǳȫһȭ֮£ܲסͱһȭ䱬ˡ
ɱңҴ粻ŹġСħ˻
Ȼӭһǹâ貵ȭͷǳҵԣеգ˶ڻˡ
أ
Сħ屻򱬣궼ɱˣĲˡ
磿ħ𣿺ǺǣһҶǳЦһ˻֣Сħ
ԶһĻˣ׷ŵĶӡ
Ҷǳֲ̫ˣȻȭ֮ͺɱһλ벽𣬼ֱ޵ˣ˭ܿ⣿
˸ޱȣȻɱСħǷˣȵֵ˴ħȴĽλ׷ɱ


1022 ޴ջ
е𺳣ҶǳڻɱСħ֮󣬱һطʼ
ղŻɱСħǿƣֻҪǰ׳գû˸
úһǿϢҶǳϱ
սڣ
Ҷǳ˫ϲɫ
һŶӰսڽ˰սڣֱȵڵʮˣ
ʮ
ڴʱеڱʮ
˽ˡ
ǳأǻˣǲԼͬ˿
Ҷǳ˫֣һЦ֪һʲôˣ
һ̭̫ˣһֻʣһǧˣʣ˶ǿеǿߣеš
ţڽǻûðʱȻôòŽ
ʱϵӰٴγڸ߿УˣҡҡͷͻȻıˣڻʣһǧˣ̫ˣڶصĿˣֻҪһˣԡ
˵ǸһĨ̵ЦݣԣǻüɱɱֻʣһΪֹ
һͬʱŭˣǰ
ˣŭеİϡ
Ҷǳ۾Щˬо˸ˡ
ôҡϹЦˣŻǣǻе㱾µķϣҸһᣬΪʵģϽ˳ȥɣǰһֻҪĬ˳ұǳȥ˭ԸǾ׼սɡ
¶һħЦݣгջ󣺡һһһǧ˷ֱͶŵʮǳڣ͸ղһÿǳջʮˣͨ˿ˡȻҲǰװɱģһֻҪǻˣн⽱һʮǿս
˻
˲䣬һǳأһǧߣȫһ׷׾ϲѡ
ֻҪһֻܻһʮǿս
ǿǴ˵ǿʮս֮һ
һ˲䣬˶ۺˣһĿޱȡ
ղŻһЩ׼ùĵˣ˿̶üᶨޱȣƴһѡ
ò˵ΪһʮǿսЩеţԸƴһ
ϾֻҪõһʮǿսôǵʵͻࡣ
Ψһ򶨵ļˣֻҶǳӡʥӺĽ庮ˣϾѾӵһʮǿսڵڶʮǿսûô̰ġ
ϾʮǿսɬѶܹѧһʮǿսѾˣûҪȥ̰ڶʮǿս
ǣ֪ͬʮǿսԼ׸ɣҲúཱܶġ
ƴˣֻҪҾܵõһʮǿսʱòһĴУεջҲ㹻ˡһҽʮǿս׸ɣõĽŵһλ벽ս˫ȭ
һĴУʵδؿԵõǴһǧ֮лкܴϣģϾʵŽһǧеǰһ
ȻܹŽǰһܻϾʱܲһһǰʮǿߣˡ
ּʺСϣǺܴġ
ҶǳǼһﹱһʮǿս͵õɾ޴ʹͣʦ𶼵ó顣ңӵһʮǿսҵƴˣұҪõʮǿսĳǳأһг˿ǶʮǿսĿ
ͬһǳ֮УĽ庮üͷȻЩϲһĶɶӵһʮǿսˡһǲ̵ƾûˣǿϧΪǲοԽҶǳ׵ʮǿսһѹͷϣû뵽һ֮ȴֳһĻʮǿս󷽵ͳȥԺʮǿսҪˡ
Ľ庮Ԥϣɶһλεţǵʵǿ϶ˣԱȻõһʮǿս
һǲӵʮǿսɵҲ󣬱Ͼʮǿս࣬ѧ֣Ҳδػ˼һǿ󣬶̰ವӡ
ٺ٣ҶǳСӹ׳ʮǿսûʸһҲֻĽ庮ʸڣҵʵ㹻ˣǾͿԵõһʮǿսһջ㲻ˡĳǳأЦݡ

ʮǿսջ̫޴ˣգһǧˣһ˶Ը˳ȥȫҪƴһ
һЩߣҲڴϣԼãܹһ
ǿʮǿսһӵУδվ½۷壬λ
ͺñȰһö跲ˣǼ֪ǰΣˣҲƴǰᡣ
ΪΪʳϼֱࡣ


1023 ɱ
Ǻǣû׼˳ˣţܺã˾ͿʼɣҲǵڶصĿˡ
Ц˵
ֻ˶Цݺɭ
һһǧ˷䵽ʮǳڣƽÿǳһˣСһǣŬɡ
˵գٶʧˡ
֮˾ͷԼߵĳˣһųǳأȴǰųǳء
Ȼ֮ڣϼԸ컻أŲƵʲôط
Ҷǳ̧ͷգһθһ֡һ١
ܿ־ͱ˾ʮˣȻֱ˾ʮ塣
Ȼһֵɱ¾ʼˡ
˻ǶడΪԼԽһ޴ʮǿսҲȲԼСҪ
ҶǳҡҡͷЩѡߣû˿ͬ飬Щ˴Լ
һǧѡһˣעҪɱ¾ˣô߻ļʾͺСˡ
ҪһʱˣҸطȥ
Ҷǳ漴뿪˵أڸһƾɵ
һ͵ˣԸȥɱˣȱԼ
ҲҶǳһ֣ɱ֮ˣԲȥɱ¾ЩԼԩ޳ˡ
ǣɱǾͱˡ
ʮһʮ塭ʮ
ϵ֣ڲϵؼ١
һЩǿȲҪõʮǿսԶҶǳ͵һȥɱ¾ˡ
Ȼôģǰ벽Լǽеļλ
ǵĲпɱ¾֮£ʮǳϿյֶѸټ١
ҶǳڳǳϿյֱɶʮһԶĽֵϣˡ
һӵ֣֣ǳӦ޵ˡһЦ˵
ԱߣǲĽ֮һһӣԽ´ӡ
ͰԽںڰԨĥһʱ䣬һӱ᰸ֲҪ⣬Ǳֵʮǳ֮ڣ׻һλεţǵСĲŶԡ
Ǻǣ̫ˣ֣򲻹ҲߡңЩֲǰ׳գǲ˷׷ɱǵġǵǵĶ˵ǲôպħһ𡣡᰸Ц
Ǵŵһλ벽ΪҲڰս񾳽磬ʵһӲ١
ڲ̺ʹŵĹϵ᰸һ֮˱֣ϾһʮûҪġ
ףиһﾹȻһڸʲôȻ᰸迴ԶϾɵһɫĹֱ񷣬ǳĿ
Ҳεĵطÿ˶ɫ֣޷ܡ
Ǻǣ˲̫޴̫ˡһ˳᰸ĿȥЦ
᰸΢΢ЦӦ̫ˣ
һ˵ܹһǧˣһǰ׳ա
ȻˣǰǸ˻ҴһطһУǾ˵Լʵš
Ҳǰ벽ûҪȥǣ˰ɡһҡͷ˵
ʱеѾʮˡ
᰸̧ͷһһ˵֣뿼˽Զˣɱ˴˰ɣѵ㲻õʮǿս
⡭һЩɣǰ϶ӦںڰԨͰԽĥô죬Ѿǰô嶯ˡ
ңһν˵ǿ࣬ǿ˸࣬ûпɨһжֵĵز
֣ȹȥɣߣǾˣħģǾһɱҶ˵ʵԷǰ벽Ҳܽɱ᰸ٶȰ˵
һһӴӦˣ˵ͷ˵Ǿȹȥ˵ɡ
£˳ǰƾȥ
ƾɵӣҶǳĵط
ţˣһˣ𣿡Ҷǳ˫ӦǿϢӽ
ǺǣȻǾͱˡҶǳһЦרųҪԸġ
ɱ˺ɱ֮
Ҷǳɲôʴȡ
£Ҷǳ߳ӣ̧ͷԶĽֵϣӰ
ţȻһӣҶǳ۾һУ˸ź⡣
ɱһӺܾˣϾһӵ׷ɱڴˣȻ顣
ǰ棬ΪͬŵԵʣ֣ڴ˵أɾû֪ˡ
Ҷǳ
ͬʱһҲҶǳͬ˸ûǰԽ߽񣬱ڵһɱҶǳ
Ҷǳ𣿡Աߵ᰸裬һӵĻ۾ͬųһ⡣
һӵ˵ͷ
᰸赱ǰȥҶǳҶǳãǴһιѯʡϹŴĵ磬ǲɱǴŵˮʦܣ
ˮȷɱġҶǳ˵


1024 
᰸סˣһҲסˡ
˱ΪҶǳϣȴû뵽ҶǳȻϵôʹ졣
һʱ䣬᰸趼֪˵ʲô֮ǰõĻһ̽˶档
ֱΣ᰸ŷӦָҶǳȵܺãȻˣǾ͹Թ־ܣ뿪˵һ󣬸һشŽС
˵գ᰸迴һԵһӣһӵ֣ղҲˣ׿ڳɱˮʦܣұȥУǲҲҪһ
ҶǳЦţƿɵһ᰸衣
֣侲һ°ɡһӴ˿Ҷǳһۣ漴óԼ᰸˵֮Ը׿ڳɱˮΪѾ׼ɱˡ
˵꣬һӿҶǳǲǣ
ҶǳЦһӣò㵹Ǳ࣬ŵİ׳գȻҪ־ܣ޴
Ҷǳ˵ʲô᰸߳ŭ漴ȵ㻹ɱڣǲ̵ͬŶ׼Ź𣿡
Щ˼飬ҶǳҪɱҲˣԱߵһӿǲ̵İ
᰸֣ҺЩڣԽ첻ǣһ˵
᰸˲ˣҶǳҪɱһӣֻҶǳ˳ˣϾһҶǳɱһӣǻôܷ뿪ȻҪһɱˡ
õɱ¾ͬţҶǳ㵹Ҳһۡ
᰸һҶǳĿȻˣҲششˣֱڴ˵㣬νɱ˳ұȡˮʦܱѩޡ
ǺǣǾͿûˡҶǳһЦ漴ӱͬԾ죬˲͵ִ᰸һӸǰȭӳˡ
һж᰸һҶǳĿŭˣֻѸóʣǰ֮дһɽ֡
ʱһΡĴɽݻЯӿȵѹҪҶǳ
ָ
һߣһҲͬʱ֣һָ˺գµĺɫָâ޵еܣƺҪҶǳȭͷᴩ
ͬʱһӵһֲֻٿ£ҪҶǳ롣
֪ҶǳһֱȫԸҪҶǳɱ
һʱ䣬λս񼶱İ벽һһ𣬵ǿֲޱȣʮء
һİսͬǰ벽εţҪش
Ͼ˫ȭѵ֡
Ҷǳ˿壬ɫ䣬ͬһ財
ʩչռȭֲȭӡʱ۳һռ⾳ϯȥضҡΡ
䣡
ҶǳӶȭͷ䣬ֲӿȣѪֱ񷣬ϵ̫Ҫȡ
ԶԶȥҶǳͺԶʱս޹죬Ѫȣ˫
أ
Ҷǳһȭ᰸ٿصľ޴ɽ壬Ǹɽ֣ȭ˿һȭֱ᰸˶ҷɳȥúѪ硣
ʲô᰸¶ŵĿ⣬ɴ۾
ȻһȭˣôܣԷεĳ
ǲ
ͬʱҶǳһֻȭͷҲǿһеֲǹᴩһӵؿڣ˶ˣѪֱա
һӵָҲݺݵغҶǳϣǺɫľ޴ָâĩճ磬ֲܣԺһС硣
ȥɣ
һؿڵɳȥԵúܿģΪҲشҶǳˡ
ָ֮£Ҷǳ㲻Ҳشš
ȻһĻһӵɴ۾𾪺Ͳš
䣡
ֻǺɫľ޴ָâҶǳϣȻƤû˺Ҷǳ嶼ûһ¡
⡭ôܣһ˻һУҶǳôôǿʲôȻԿסȫһܵһ˿˺ЩεҲ
žž
ҶǳĴϵĻҳĿⲻмؿһӣЦʦںڰԨôãӵʵ̫ʧˡ
ҶǳѾ̤𣿡һɫѿصҶǳ
𣡡
Զ᰸һͻһ
һλ𣬶һǰս񼶱ǿԶԶԿġ
ӣϽӣ᰸赱תӣҶǳɱһӵģлߡ
ȻҶǳٶȺܿ죬˲ͳ᰸ǰЦô𣿡
᰸ɫΣæ˵ᣬᣬҾòɱˮɵĵӣôܻɱˮһᡣ
ǺǣˮɱģȻ㲻ңǾֵˡҶǳЦ漴һȭ


1025 Խ
㲻ɱңǴŵŵӣǴźǲ㲻ɱң᰸
ûãҶǳȻҪɱһӣǵȻ᰸뿪Ȼ᰸϶ɱһӵ߲̣ʱͷɱͬŵĴ
ʱʦΪȲ㹱׳ʮǿսĴͣҲ޷ɱһλͬŵĴ
ԣ᰸
ң᰸豾׼ɱģҶǳɱȻ顣
أ
Ҷǳռȭ֮£᰸屬飬ûָ壬ҶǳǿƳ֣Ҳɱɾ
˵ʵǸ۲࣬Ǳһǲ̫ԶˡҶǳҡҡͷ
ƾսɱۣսȫȻܿɱ᰸衣
֮ôɱ᰸裬ҶǳҲǵһӻܡ
ֻǣҶǳתʱȴһӾȻûгŸղɱ᰸ߣЩ;ȡ
Ȼûߣ
Ҷǳһӣ̶ЦĪǣ㻹ʲôƣɱң
棬һɫҶǳС㣬û뵽㾹ȻصôһѹֵǸϹŴĵɱˮǡ
ֻ޵ûп㽫ɱɳĻᡣ
һ˵գóһɫƣҧ⣬һѪȾơ
Ҷǳҳǿɿɱ㡣һѪڴЦЦЩɭֲҶǳԹ˵ĺܲҡ
ˣʲôҶǳüͷЩؿһӣѵɫʲô⣬ԻɱԼ
ҶǳȻвţǾԼս߶۷״̬
䣡
ڴʱһǿϢӺɫ֮б
Ҷǳɫʱһ䡣
ϢǳϤǰԽߵϢԽΪڵһսȻʶǿϢ
һӣֱ̫ʧˣȻƣȴϣܹõõΪһõˣʹ㲻ҶǳСӣΪҰԽߵĵӣôܲΪĵӣǴҰԽ߲Ϊ𣿡
ɫ֮УʱԽߵԵЩѹ֣ҶǳһӶеһǿѹ
ʦˡҲԸʦ𣬵û뵽ҶǳȻ̤ΣӲǶ֡
һ֣̿æ˵ʦ𣬸ղҶǳѾɱ˴ŵ᰸裬֮ǰǳϵ֮ɱ˴ŵˮ
õǣ
ɫ֮УԽߵҶǳû뵽ȻһλҲ˵ûп㡣ϧ㲻ʶ࣬ȻѡΪʦѵΪ𣿡
ҶǳߵͳԴСݶҶ֣˵㲻ʦ𡣡
ߣܿܰˣɫ֮УԽߵΪһǿߣѵһֻ֣ܶ߳ҪԸ⣬ҿκ˳֣˭ң
һ޵еİӺɫ֮ϯ
󣬺ɫƷɵһӸǰΪһ塣
һӣȻûãԸСӣǾʱΪʦΪʦԽߵ˵
ǣʦ𣡡һӹ˵
һ̣һǿϢһӵϱ
ҶǳʱһӵΪԭİսڣܿͽ˰սڣȻֽ˰ս۷壬ͣ˰սԲ硣
ҲĹ򣬰֮ǰ˵ˣսϵǿ߲μοˣԽˣ˭Ϊֻھս֮¡
ھս֮£սԲߵľˡ
ȻһӵıǿɲˣֻһսԲΪһǰ벽ҲҶǳĶ֡
˿̣ٿһǰԽߣһӱˡ
ͺñȵճǣӲٿҶǳһ
ҼǵûдĻԽߵҲһλ벽𣬵ս飬սɣԼԲ̸սճ̶ȣԽ߶ԶԶǿһӣܷܿӳεս
ҶǳŶϢԽԽǿһӣɫ
ʱĶ֣һӣǱ˰Խߡ
𿴰ԽŰԵԷܹΪʮһսվ½۷壬֤ǿ֮
Ҷǳñһ£ΪʲôһӣԽһ֣䣬ǿֲĽâһк£ض˲֧顣
âɽ纣
Խִ߳磬һֱɽ춯һĴУǿ͵ƴоĺХǵһҶǳ


1026 ӲԽ
ÿֲƣȻǲ̵ĸ½۷ǿߡ
ҶǳԽֵ߳ǿƣĵҲе𺳲ѣǰԽ߰½һӵ壬Ҳܹӳֲơ
ҿѾõΪﵽѪԲΣȻ޷㿹⡣
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ս⣬Ӷɫ˫ȭһգǰսսء
ǿߣҶǳû˿ӣеı޾ս⡣
ռȭ
ҶǳӶ˫ȭֲܱݣرѣսֱ
ৣ
һֲĽâͬһޱߣϵسҶǳҪ˶䱬ˡ
ЩâǴֱӰҶǳ˶ûˣǿֲĽâ䴩˴أƬǳض˷档
ԶһЩ˵غܽߣŵ÷׷ԶݣǸеļȵΣա
ǿѵλڽս𣿡
ֲ̫ˣǸ̬ս
ǿҵĽ⣬λǽǿ𣿡

˶ԶҶǳͰԽ߽սĵط˵ֻҪٰһʱ䣬ͨˣûҪǿϡ
˵ս棬ǻսǺ˵ģȻս

¡¡
ҶǳϵػӶռȭֵŰԽߵĹȻԽߵĹ޾ЩĽâǺͣЪһĺޱߡ
СӣΪԳŵס𣿱ˣȻһӵֻܱսԲΪԱʵӵ޾ҿ㻹ֶܼá
Խ߹Ц
ǺǣԼԿҶǳһЦӶռȭûжƾֵס˰ԽޱߵĹ
Ĺ˵̫ɢˣңҵõĻ߶
ҶǳЦ
ҲԽ߿һԸˣȴԸ
֪ޣȴ޵ġ
һǿߣʺϴ־սϾԽǿҲԽǿ󡣸ҪǣԽǿָԽˡ
ǵҶǳѪԲ磬ֱָﵽ˼£ȫʩչռȭҲڼ֮ھͻָҪĻ߶
ⲻʱţԽڸо˲Ծ
ţôСӵôôǿ󣿡Խ߲ǰ׳գΪ½۷ǿߣܿͷ֣ڹ籩ĵҶǳȻһûмֺʼնôǿ
ڣҶǳһĶûУôܣ
Խɫ˫貣Ҷǳ۲죬漴ѪԲôܻӵǿ
ԼĹ۲쾪ˡ
Ҫ֪ʮһ۷ǿߣҲֻǴﵽѪڶѣҶǳȻﵽѪԲ硣
һϣҶǳ¶վ½۷壬ĶָǿĹҲûˡ
ԽߣֻʵǾͻҹˡҶǳЦ漴óɫؽһңңԽߡ
ռ
䡭
ֻкɫͰɫˮī˿Ѹչ綼С
ʲô
Խ߸ܵռĿֲ֮æһ˺գҪѳȥ
ǣҶǳռһ޷ѳȥ
ǻһĩռ⾳Ѿˮī֮չϮžеİԽߡ
Խ糼
ֻԽߴһһ޴ĺɫؽʱһС֮гѸٻһһڽķâ
˺
Խߴֳֺɫ޽£Ҷǳˮīʱǿ˺ѿֽ֮ȥһҶǳ
СӣĽȷϧ̫ˣʲôʱﵽ磬ʸ뱾һϸ¡ȻѾûǸˣͻԽЦ
䣡
޴ĺɫؽſֲޱߵܣ˺أնҶǳ
ǰԽߣһȷֲʦǱһ˵İɣϧڶڰսΣŰԽܹӳ֮ҵʮǿսΣ
ҶǳЦһ漴ӡʩչӡĵͺһ޴ӡƴ̫ŷĸߴħɽݺݵײԽߵĺɫ޽
ʮǿսԽɫ漴ЦСҲŵõʮǿսãܹʲô̶ȣƾһӵʮǿսҲ뱾İԽ⣿ֱЦ
ȻҶǳ̫ħɽһӡѹʱ򣬰ԽҲЦˣĺɫ޽ӡùѣȫǶ֡


1027 ӡ֮
У̫ͬħɽһĸӡѹ£ǿռӡĿֲ֮£һ֧飬µⷽս
ҶǳŶİԽߣЦ˼ʧˣҵʮǿսǰӣѾСɾ硣
δ䣬ֲӡѾѹʱݣռ飬޵еӿȣͬһ㣬㸲
ҶǳķӡȻãǱָģԻڷӡĳɾͣҶǳĵãҶǳ
οճǵʱ򣬻ӻҶǳʩչӡǰδеĽĦʩչӡҶǳĸ̡
ԣڻص̲֮ҶǳͰѷӡСɾ磬ǳԽ֮ġ
Ͼһʮǿսôɹġ
սΪСɡɺԲĸΡ
ʮǿսĸѶսʱܹ̤ѾˣԽ߸û뵽ҶǳѷӡСɾ磬Էӳʮǿսˡ
¡¡
ž޴ӡѹԽߵİԽױˣʵǿ󣬵ܹӳҲֻаսԲʮǿսĿֲ֮£Щܿ챻ݻˡ
ۣ
ԽѪɳȥϵ׶ӡѿɫޱѿŨҵɱ⣬Ҫ
ʵ̫ˣû뵽Ҷǳǿزʮһսľ磬һӵ壬ԷӳʵȴɲҶǳ
ôҶǳʵжôǿ
Խгɱ⡣
ղԺض
ϾҶǳѾǲˣлĿܡ
˵֮ͬ䲻УֱһЦ磬ҪɱһˣԼͬţַ
Ͼ㲻Զڲڣһȥɱˣ˭֪˭ɱģ
СӣǱС㣬ȱӺڰԨĩա
ԽһҶǳ漴תӡ
İԽҶǳķӡټǾıˡ
ô˵վһӵ壬ԽЩܣѷӳԼһЩɱС
ȻһǰԽҲԸϵģǾͬ磬ԽҲҶǳĶ֡
ӣðԽߣȻҲӣҶǳЦһ׷ȥȻһӣȻŹԷ
λᣬɱһӣǾͺˡ
ϾһҲɵӣ֪Ҷǳʵ֮ԺһᾯҶǳٸҶǳᡣ
СӣɱҵģʵҲֻǿһѡŶˣϿ˾Ҫˣûʱˡ
Խ߼Цͬʱ̧ͷգѾʮֻҪˣⳡ˱ˡ
䣬Խ߻ŲԶһɫȥҪֻɱһЩߣⳡǰ
δ˵̫ˡ磡
ҶǳһӴһӾͰضֽ
Щһǳ޴۶ҫ۶Ŀ֮
¡¡
Խ߸ûгԶͱƬ嫵ĽУ񽣣಻ϵغԽߡ
򣡡
Խɫһ䣬ڲ֮ǰôˣгһ˿ʩչԽϵǰ壬Ҫ뿪Ƭ硣
ʱ䣬ȷĳȥ绹ס㡣ϧûʱˡ
ҶǳЦһʩչӡǾ޴ӡЯſֲŰԽѹ
ۣ
Խ߱ӡĴѪͷҷ裬񷢿ƴ߶ԼİԽҪתս
ȻⲢûʲôãҶǳķӡըʲô޷赲ǰԽսʮǿսĿֲܺ顣
Ҷǳɱңǲ̵ĸ·ϣʦ棬һ˳ȥ̾ԲŹġԽڻˣ
ҶǳȴɲٿŷӡҵİԽ嵹ɳȥ涼ѷ죬
Ǻǣ˭֪أǽ磬ҵĵ̣û˿֪﷢һ顣
㣬Ǻǣ㾡ȥ˭أϾԽֲܽһ壬˵ɱһӣֻ֤ȡ֣û֤ݣΪһò̴ε𣿡
ҶǳһЦԽߵв
СҰԽ߷ģǸɱһӣһŹģҪң걻տһꡣԽ˻
أ
Ҷǳķӡѹһӵ䱬ǿɫƶ˳ȴѾѷ졣


1028 
ǲ
źɫѷ֣ҲʼɢһЩҴԽ߳ŭĴ
ҶǳСҲŹġԽԵЩܻͬʱŭ죬Ϊ֪Լͽһˡ
ѾҶǳɱһͽܣǸͽΪߣ츳Ҳߣӣû⡣
һӲͬһǰ벽εţҲﵽ˰ս񾳽磬֮ӣעҪ̳²Ĵˡ
ǰһӵ׶ӶԴģ׶ҪҶǳˣʰԽβŭ
ߣ˵㲻ŹˣҲŹġ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ȡ㹷֮ʱ
ǰɢȥҶǳЦһ漴һ֣ͷų𣬽Щپ
СңԽ߶ʱŭЩȻ࣬Ͼ꣬һջ٣ҲܴˣȻ̫أҲս
Ҫ֪ԽڿںڰԨΣյĵطһսȻܵвЩ߳ŭ޲һ壬ɱҶǳ
ͣ
ΪŴ֮һʮǿ󣬶֮е°Խߵռ䣬Ҷǳųȥջָˡ
СҪɱ㡭
Խ߲д֮дǿҵķŭԹԼ㸲֮ˮҲϴ̵ľɱ⡣
ʱңԶĺڰԨһŭ𴫱ڰԨ
Ҷǣ
ڰ֮УһߴӰŭŭ졣
ǰԽߵı壬˫֮ð棬ͷ˿ɢǿϯڰԨ
ǣȴһ˿Ѫһ걻ջִݻ٣Ӷܵơ
𣡡
Ȼڰ֮Умͷڰħ޳ŰԽɱһɢǿϢһС綼ӿ
Խ˫һУ޾ɱ⼤ȥнһâ䣬ĺڰħһһնɱ
ڴʱһɸǿϢӺڰӿ
һֻ;޴ͬһĺڰħ޳ŰԽɱ
ͷƬ˸һȻʮֻţһͷɫͷȴһʹڡ
ãǺڰħȻǳԽɫһ䣬æˡ
ڰħǺڰԨһǿħޣһսΪĺڰħžսΪ
ڰħеߣʮһս۷ǿԽȫʢʱҲֻ֮൱ˣȻǿħ޿⡣
ҶǳǸСģҪɱ㡣Խŭ𣬵ȴòܡ
;޴ĺڰħûзŹԽߣں׷ɱ

һ塣
Ҷǳնɱһӣ˰Խߵһ꣬еҲʮһ
Ҫ˶ãڶصĿ˾Ҫˣ֪һʹʮǿս
Ҷǳɢȥ磬̧ͷе֣ʱ¶Цݡ
һĳ죬ޱϲá
ɱһУ˰Խϲһ꣬Ǹоʵ̫ˬˣֱ˵ͷͨ
Ͼܵõһʮǿսʵ̫˷ˡ
ȻҶǳ񲢲ȱʮǿսǶһʮǿսϾǻ£ԼòҲܹڸѩǰ
ʮ
Ȼеֱʮ
ʱˣȫ̧ͷգڴ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵Ŀ֮УһϤӰڸ߿֮Уǰϡ
ʣ̫ˣȻٲܿõʵս߿Уһ֣˵˵
֪ΪʲôҶǳӦϵһĿɨԼѵҲڰйעһУ֪Խߵս
ҶǳɱһӵϢй¶Ͼֻһ飬޷뿪һ壬ܱ¶ɱһӵ顣
뵽Ҷǳ
ˣҪϲǣͨ˵ڶصĿˡϻϻƪ
ЩͲסʱ򣬰һԴЦ֪ǿ϶Ľ飬ٺ٣ھʹ͸ǣʮǿսǿҪúԺʮǿս
˵գһ֣׹⼤£˵ü
˶ûж㿪ΪǲûиӦκεΣգڵһ֮ڣҪɱǣǼֱ׾٣ʮһǵսǿ߽ˣҲǱɡ
ԣ˶۾Űİ׹⣬̺Ϣһʮǿս
ӡ
ҶǳյЩϢ֮󣬶ʱ۾Цá
ͬʱһǳڣĽ庮Ҳ㵵Ŵͣһ֮ɫ


1029 ı
һǳ֮У̵İ벽֮ɫȴŰʹ͵ʮǿս
ߣҶǳĽ庮ȻӵʮǿսҲӵʮǿսˣ
Եúܸˡ
ʱϵİ׹£ʱյʮǿսݡ
ţӡûмǴĻҶǳСӹ׸ɵʮǿսͽзӡѵͬһ
ʱɴ۾Щš
漴͹Цʹ찡Ϊûʸӡȴõˡٺ٣ǣȴǰæһ
˿̸еޱȳ졣
Ҫ֪ڲ̵ĵӵУֻҶǳĽ庮ܹʮǿսӡ˿ûʸģˡ
ڼʹ͵ʮǿսȻǷӡ鲻ɵʹޱȡ
ΪһҶǳĽ庮װæһˡ

ǰʱĽ庮ԼҶǳޱơ
˭뵽ʹ͵ʮǿսȻǷӡҲ̫˰ɡ
ϧˣ
Ľ庮ҡͷ̾ϢΪǲ̵õһʮǿսעᳬԽɣԺ׷ʥҲδزܡڣһƶûˡ
ԭ󶥼֮Уֻвһӵһʮǿսǵƺܴ
ڣڶػһ֮У϶ɵˣɵ϶ġ
ôһҲõʮǿսһǸһķӡò̻ʲôƿԣ
ˣ֮⣬»һЩһɵĴڣⷭӡ϶¶ȥ¶ҪΪ˾֪Ĵ½ɫˡ
ңĽ庮˵λһЩɢŽˣҲˣǿ϶ѷӡʱҪ½ˡ
ع˶ãӡͻͷʽһΪ˾֪ʮǿսˡ
ͬǣʽֻҶǳһ˿ѧᣬǷӡȴ˿
ǰҵķӡһŴ½ǲʥҲ֪ʮǿս
Ҷǳ˿һƲѡ
ȻȱʮǿսһʮǿսϾǺõģû뵽ջϲһʵ̫ˡ
ȻƵĿЩ̵ĸ߲㣬ǵ÷ӡǻޱȣʹҶǳ
ڵ֪ӡܿҪΪ˾֪Ĵ½Щ˻Ѫ
ȻҶǳ⣬һڵȴһѣˡ
߿УЦؿһٸŵɫ΢΢
ʥЩһֱѹǵһ壬ǵһĴо䡣ڣҾͰʮǿսȥͻɵʵҵҪʥػܼܲư½ߣ
Ц
Ҷǳ²Ĳһŷӡʲô½ǵһʮǿսʥ˲֪
˵ĻӻᣬΪԶʱǿߣһֻϹʱɣӻڵһ֮ǰõӡġ
֮Ը¶ģҲ׼ƸˣϾǰǵһյĴˣȫʥĴ˸ˣٲͨǵһĶϾˡ
ˣϲžʮǿսӡй¶ȥ½
ʥʥΪʲôһֱѹڶɵͷ
Ǳǿ֮⣬ҪĻӵʮǿս֮ͬУӵʮǿսһӮˡ
ڣŷӡȥʥصƱûˡ
ǿ½ɵʵӶʥصǵһĴ˲ŻᰲȫһЩ
ýеˣֻе⣬û뵽ȻһСһѾѧ˷ӡ
ϺȻҶǳҶǳͰԽߵսȻҲҶǳʩչӡǾԻʵķӡ
ֻһˣҶǳȻض˺ܴơ
ˣС츳Ҳһ𣬶ǿޱȣûѧᷭӡҲͨؿˣûҪƽôࡣ
ҡҡͷ漴˵һٸţ˵ˣ˵һ˵صĿˣͨһн
Ļʱеļϲã׷̧ͷϡ
Ҳ˵Լ᲻ڽĿ֮
ԣϾ˺ϣ֪ܲ˳ˣ
ΪԼΪܵõһĴУҪ˳ˡ
ңѾõһʮǿսֻҪսȥǴһɸʹ;ѾܷûҪƴһĴС
ʵϣкܶࡣ
Ͼ֮ǰ¼ҹһҲ£ڣǶѾõһʮǿսرȻðˡ


1030 ȡͨ
Ҫ˳϶ʱɫһ䣬ھʣһˣʱҪ˳ǻʣ¶٣ôѡʵĴˣ
£æ˵ȱߣǷģصĿͬβǿǵսǲκεΣա
Ȼ˵ˣɻɵؿϣǾðЩգ֮ǰ˵Ĳпᣬ£ȻŰϡ
ⲻ˴˵ϣҲμӿˣͷҳȥɣʵҲܳΪǵһĴˡ
һ飬ɫѿǵڲ̨ɵöݺݵصһۣŭȵУأǱҪˣҪȥȿʧܣȻȥ
ʧܣܳȥ𣿲
ﶼЩǡ
ػ֮УΪ飬ǾǿĴڣʮһսҲᱻɱ
ԣֻܹԹԵؽеصĿˡ
ܺã
ûٸҷص˵ͷɨˣЦ˵صĿ˺ܼ򵥣ǸղŲѾõһʮǿսôڿʼǻʱʮǿս֮ڣʮǿսǰʮˣͨ˿ˣʣµˣǾͿ뿪һˡ
ŰϵĻ£˶ˡ
Щ֮ǰĻΣյˣҲ˿ֻѣϢϢһ¾͹ȥˡ
ҶܸˣһصĿ̫ˣοԣսûϵûΣա
һ˲ˣǾ顣
ǰõӡ󣬻ＥЦҶǳĽ庮ڰϵĻ£ϵЦݶʱˡ
ΪͻȻ֣Ҫʱ䣬ҶǳĽ庮Ѿѧ˷ӡϾ͵õ˷ӡһ֮ǰѧˡ
ףⲻƽ

ûãûõ
ΪʱʣµһˣŲƵһɽϡ
ÿ˶䵽һɽ壬ɽϻרĵطΧһƬããʲôҲ
鲻ʵŭ𣬸ûõ
֮£ֻͷӡɲ˷ʱˣϾһֻʮ˿ͨˡ
Ҫ֪ιһţа˸εģЩ˿϶ͨˣʣµЩ벽ˡ
ŶˣһҶǳѾѧ˷ӡ϶ռһû׼ҶǳھѾĽ庮ͨ˳ȥˣǾֻʣһˡ
鵱ƴ˿ЩңΪڻص̺Ȼݵλӡʦһλȴǿӡ
ʦҲȻܴӡȴǰӡһЩɺĵø飬Ժӡ󣬾ͻ°빦
ڣЩɺĵã޴İһˡ

ৣৣ
ͬʱһʯ㳡ϣҶǳĽ庮˵Ӱͬʱ֡
µòҶǳĽ庮һʱʩչӡͨ˿ˣһʱ䶼ûõֱס
û뵽Ƿӡ
ǰ
Ľ庮Ҷǳ˴˺󣬶Ԥϣ漴һ̾
˶ŷӡ˳ȥǲϣѾûˡ
Ͼɱȣûʲôƣ㻹
Ψһֵø˵ǣͨصĿˡ
ûмǴĻͨؿ˺󣬻нҶǳȻ˵
û
Ҷǳ䣬һϤϿմ
æ̧ͷȥʱ˰ϵӰ
ϿҶǳĽ庮Ц˵Сһãû뵽ǰõ˷ӡԵĻܹңǵķӡǴõ𣿵Ȼûж⣬ϾӡǵһרҲǴԶʱս
Ľ庮ԿҶǳ
Ҷǳϣ˵ǰⷭӡҴյõģǺһɵĵӡ
Ҷǳ˵ָĽ庮
յ
ԣĿ΢΢һЩȵؿҶǳֽأȻҽȥǹѺһλǿޱȵ㾹ȻԻųǲСﰡ
Ľ庮ЩȵؿҶǳ
ҶǳٺЦλǰ˳ۣʹҷӡʮǿս
յǴԶʱģ汻ѺĸҲԶʱǿߣᷭӡȷϵ˵ͷҶǳĽ庮зӡ
漴óŶֱ𶪸ҶǳĽ庮Ц˵ȻЩȡɣϾͨ˿ˣο˵ǰһŶĽ
ҶǳĽ庮ʱϲɫؽӹ˶Ͼ͵ؿʼЩһʱڲͨˣ㹻ʱˡ


1031 Ȱ
ʯ㳡ϣҶǳĽ庮ͬʱ۾˵Ϣ࣬ȻͻһСΡ
ս۷壡
ҶǳЦݣһˣܻûеõһĴУȴѾΪСΣνǴջ
ԱߵĽ庮ҲһЦݣȻҲǺܸˡ
Ͼ棬ֱǳ٣ϵһȻô
Ҷǳɵ̧ͷеİϣϣ㲻˵һԴֻܹһλʹã־һٶŶɲԴ㰡
Ľ庮Ҳؿϡ
΢΢ЦʵֻԾսµ߹ã˾ս񾳽磬ûˣⲻʲôԴǵһ֮ôΪǵһһö»Ȼкܶ

ҶǳĽ庮𾪣ֱһԴԴصǿߡ
˵ʵǵһ壬ҲֻжõóˣǾǲ̤ս񾳽硣
Ͽ𾪵Ķˣ˵Ӧ֪ʥˣǵΪһǾս񼶱ʵǿޱȡǵһȻҲΪǵһĴˣҲҪоս񼶱Ϊ
ǣֻǴﵽսԲ磬ҪͻƵս񾳽磬ҪıСڣǵһֻܹһ˽ս񾳽磬Ҳ˵ǵһһյˡ
ŰϵĻҶǳ˶ʱȻͬʱҲѣֻҪ˵һĴˣǾܹ̤ս񾳽硣
½ս񾳽һżֻ̤磬½ľǿߡ
ϾҶǳĽ庮츳ֻҪ̤ս񾳽磬ǵʵԽһЩͨʮս񣬱ǸǿģҲֻһЩʮһս
Խʮһս񣬼½Ҳϡ٣Դﵽս񾳽磬Ѿϵ۷ǿˡ
ˣȻͨ˿ˣҾ͸˵˵һصĿ˰ɡ
ϿҶǳĽ庮һԣʱ
Ͼһ֮󣬾ֻʣʮˣһصĿˣҲǾһ崫еʱˡ
Ȼֻϼ˵һҲһؿˣˣǵһĴˣҲǵһһλˣһˡ
ҶǳĽ庮ԶЩһȲ˵˵һڵĶǾͼֱֵǿٳһˡ
˵ֻҪκһ˵õһ壬ôֻҪϾͿȷǾδĲ̽ˡ
һصĿǡ
ϿҶǳǣЦ˵ĸ磬ԹķǿΪԣһصĿˣҪսֱѡǿǸˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷ⵹ǺܹƽһпʵûٵĿܡ
ʱĽ庮ʵϣ֪սжʤģǲҪһɱһУ
ҶǳҲ˰ϡ
ҡͷЦǵʵҪɱԷƺѣҲ̫˷ʱˡԣǵΪ׼ֻҪֵıӮˡʱ򣬶ֻᱻֱӴͳȥΣաȻ˭ʵ̫ˣԷ׸ɱˣǾ͹ֲˡ
Ľ庮Ե˵ͷ漴һؿҶǳ˵Ҷʦܣ˵ʵܹߵһѾܳҵ֮ˡǽĶ־ЩεĳţһοûʲôҵĿܣȰ㻹ǸϽ˳ȥڵõջѾܴˣûҪðա
ҶǳˣŮ˻ΪǣԷҲǺģܲ˵Է°ɡ
߿УҲؿĽ庮˵һɵԼʦֵܵʵ
ǰҶǳͰԽսʱ򣬰ϿǿǾεսһδصеùҶǳ
Ľ庮սҲˣʵ˵԰ϵ۹Ľ庮СŮޣԲǰҶǳ˵Ķ֡
ڣСŮޣȻȰ˵˳Цá
ܿϾԭؿҶǳ룺СڰϻĹ
ǵһĴ˾͸ˣϾǰ̫ˣʥĴ˸ɵˡ
ʱ򣬵͵һ㣬ϻһ㡣
ʦ㣬һһԣģԱİһеġҶǳʱεضĽ庮˵
Ľ庮ü漴ߵı㣬ҿûа취㣬รɡ
˵գҶǳȥһԱĿȥˡ
ҶǳҡҡͷҲһȥˡ


1032 
һ⣬ۣһЩҲ֮С
ԴӰϴһմˣһ˵Ϣ֮½ˡ
һ忴ֵҲԽԽ࣬һЩǿҲˡ
ɣһЩһɣɳʮս񼶱ĴϹˡ
ɳĴǸԪһؽʱվ֮УŵһķĿ䡣
һ尡ʥ֮һǲѾõһʮǿսٵõһ壬ǲ̾Ŀʥصĳ̶ˡ
Ԫڴš
ڴĽ庮ܹȡһĴУҶǳСӣȻҲվ𣬱ȲĽ庮
ԪлǸĽ庮һЩϾǲΨһһεĳţ̵˶Ϊһβ̽
ʲô
Ԫ漴һλ̵ĵʵ֮ǰҲǲμ˵һĿˣֻǳŹһر˳ˡ
ϣӦǵڶصĿˣҲ̫ǵεֻǳŹһأѡ˳ˡ
ûáԪ˵غһ
ǵɫһ飬ƵصһԱȥˡ
ҵĺ
ͽôˣ޵вεţ˭ɱ㣿
ʦ֣ɵһô

ȻȺ֮дһЩ˵Ŀ޺
˾תͷȥȴǷһЩʹ顣
ʣ֪ǵ˵һ塣
ȥԽԽ࣬Խܵһ崫еĲпᣬһЩǰˣɵøеޱȡ

һʱת۹ȥˡ
ʱһڵʯ㳡ϣٶӭһӰ
һɫ۵꣬һͷ̷üëܺһ˫ޱˣڰԨһС
ĳ֣ʯ㳡һŨҵϢ֣ҶǳĽ庮΢΢ü˴Ӿ֮Լͬؿꡣ
ħĴħ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
Ͼһ֪ԷɵģֲźõģǾпħˡ
ħĴħʶɵҲʶȴλĹ콾ͿжʥĽ庮˵ǳأ棬ʥĵӣ֡
ϲ㣬Ϊͨ˵ˣԵõһŶ߿УϿ꣬˵ԱȸղźҶǳǽ̸ȴǲ˺ܶࡣ
ҲϾǵһĴˣǱʥĴ˸ɱˣǵһϾУҲѴиʥˡ
ԼµĹأصġ
£óһŶꡣ
ȥӡ
ǣûнסǿŶֱ˵ϣȻںϣʧˡ
һ˲䣬ҶǳĽ庮סˣǽǿ˰ϡ
Ϊǰ϶ֽţϾԻʵѵܽӲסһŹӣһɽӹҲܹ׽ӵס
ѵΪԷʥԲѶҶǳ˲²⡣
Ľ庮Ҳ²⣬ϾһʥؼˮҲϾ˭ȥԼĵˣ
ôʲôѵΪǹˣϸܵҶǳĽ庮Ŀ⣬ʱˬˣߵ
ҶǳĽ庮û˵ֻԴŻɡ
϶ʱ߳ŭϷȻһ飬ôҲǵǰû䵽Ҫ۸ʱʥϼһˣϷ϶ǣһСֵϷԸ
˵գϿĻ꣬ڨڨ˵ղ治ǹģ𣿡
ҶǳĽ庮ƲƲ죬Ź֡
ǰֽţѵǿŶԼϵƿ
ţ
˵ͷ˵
˵ԤϣȻš
ҶǳĽ庮ʱɴ۾Щŵؿ꣬ѵһһ㶼ǰϰв
ǰϣԼûкӵ°ͣ˼
Σ۾һĿŻ꣬ȻˣӵеǴ˵еĶ壬ӵʵˣһҪĥѣ˼㣬ղֱ˸ˡ
û˵һԳĬȻĬ˰ϵĻ
Ҷǳɴ۾ЩȵϣȻʣҲȷⲻĳ𣿡
Ľ庮Ҳ֮ɫ
ҡͷʺ⣬Ҳǵһμǰֻ˵Ȼ⣬ȴǿһҲʲ
ֻǣӵжˣһӶᵹùʱˮܱǺ·ܵ߻ħ
ϻû˵꣬Զھ޵Ļʱ⣬ɫŤð
Ҳ߻ħ𣿡Ҷǳɴ۾
Ľ庮ҲŴ֪ͣ˵Щʲô


1033 ĸ
ʱðźɫŤھʲôʹһ۾ħ޵۾ɱ¾Ѫȡ
ʯ㳡УŸŨϢ
ϸпǶ壡
˵գеҶǳĽ庮Ц˵ҲҪ̫ˣӵжˣ߻ħһ첻ĥѣ˼š
ҶǳĽ庮ɫŹ֣Ǿãܹһ漣
ÿһĥѣǶøǿһЩϵɫͻȻ·Ļ꣬˵ܹڣʵͬСɣû뵽Ȼھʥ˵ʱʧˣôһʥĴ˸жôǿ󣿡
ɫʱϾʥĴˣעǵһδ˵ĴС

ʱһɫڻָϵĺҲɢˡ
̧ͷϣ˵ϴκʥ˾ʱͻȻ߻ħŸᡣȷǿ֮¡
ҶǳĽ庮ɫ΢΢һ䣬ô˵겢Ǳʥ˻ˣʵʥһǿֻΪͻȻ߻ħʥݡ
üͷʼһصĿˣһʥӮˣѵܰǵһĴнԷ
Բܡ
ڵıҶõһĴ𣿡꿴ϣЦʹҪʥĴУǵһĴСԸٸһŶһؿ˵ʱҾͷˮ˳
Ե˵ͷЦܺãҲʳԶʡ˵գóһŶ
ȵȣ
꿴Ҫӹæֹ˵㻹ֽңֽӲס
Ҷǳ
Ľ庮
ϡ
գϻǿŶֽ˻ꡣ
ϲɫŶŶΪܴﵽսԲ磬ֻҪлԵͻƵս񾳽磬ʱʥĴһϸˡ
ͻƵĻԵҲڱ˵ѻãǶӵж˵ǳס
Ϊÿ죬궼ҪĥѣЩĥѹȻΣգͬʱҲͻƵĻᡣ
νдֲдԵˡ
˼ޡ
ֻǾ˼ʱ䣬ҶǳĽ庮޷ˡ
Ϊ궯߻ħҪͻȻ֮޷ƿأŪƬޱȡ
⻹ξޣ
䣡
ⲻˡ
ҶǳĽ庮ԶԶģǿɲ뱻굱ɵˣȻһĵսܻᱻܡ
һʵǿϽɡĽ庮Ҷǳ˵Ȼ˵ҶǳˣһٵȰ˵Ҷǳ˳ȥ
ҶǳֻתƻѾӦǾһĴУҪܹһֱ治֪жôǿ󡣡
ƺѣ߿Уҡҡͷ˵ӵʵˣһĥ̫ˣΪԽԽߣĽҲԽԽǿ󣬳һͻսĲΣ̤磬пܰѶˣ̤۷塣
Ľ庮˵ͷ˵Ҳԣ״̬ԺЩǿսʱͻȻ߻ħǾͺױɱ
ʱָƽ̧ԶҶǳĽ庮һۣϥ¾ޡ
ҶǳĽ庮ɫأǸֱܵǿˣֲ̫ˣֱ춼ڱǿ
ǵһͨ˵𣿡ͻȻһЦ
Ҷǳתͷȥĵӹ콾ˣվЦ
˼㲢ǵһҶǳ˵ù콾ϵЦݶʱˡ
Сӣ㣡콾Ҷǳʱɴ۾ЩŵƾСӣȻһѧᷭӡôܣ
˵꣬ĿˣΪʱҲĽ庮˻ꡣ
콾ǵĸ국˵˹콾һ
콾ʱҧгݣ÷ӣȻֻǵĸͨ˵ģʲôԲǰĸˡ
٣˵ӵжִ˵еʣ㲻ʲôʲôȻҲǿ콾ɫ
꣬Ҳ٣˵һһǵͨ˵ġ
콾ʱһ㶡
Ϊǵһͨ˵ģû뵽پȻǵ
֣ҪһЩĽ庮Ц
ҶǳŹ콾ʱСܵĥѣɵóЦأҿ㲻ðƻɣ
Сӣ콾Ҷǳ˫Ŀ䣬һǿϢϱ


1034 󿼺
콾ǳǿΪʽӣͬһλ𣬶ұһҪǿ󣬲ȻƾʲôĴ˾
Ȼڣһʧߣȴɷǿ
Ҫ֪ҶǳѪޣʸûУֻһλͶѡ
Ľ庮˵ڵһڣ㲻ٹ콾ɫؿĽ庮
Ľ庮üͷ漴ҶǳڣϽ˳ˣϻϰ㴫ͳȥ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵ʦ㣬ģκβҡ
㡭Ľ庮ЩŭҶǳһۣ˵Ҳˡ
Ҷǳ̫ʶˡ
ǲԶ٣ȤؿҶǳĿ֮мкĪĹâ
Сӣû˾˰ɣ˾㣬Ҿ͸ա
콾ɭЦ
߿Уϵ˵ס֣Ҫսеǻᣬڲ֡
˵ְ꣬һصĿ˵һ顣
콾ʱһ͡
ԶϷŰؿ˹Цղ˵ʲôգ
Ҷҿûô׳յҶǳҡͷЦ
Ľ庮ҶǳһۣҶǳȻҼŭ콾ѵΪϿԾһ
Сӣùһʱ㲻һڽսңһĺѿ콾ҧгݵصҶǳ
ҺڴҶǳԡ
һԣĽ庮λʦӻˡ
Էʽӣɲʲôײˡ
Ǻǣְһͨˣõ
ûб̭ŵĻ㴩ҳһλеĹӣԵú
Ľ庮Ȼ㳬ԽˣǲˬŵʯˣĽ庮ߵ
ףĽ庮û뵽λ̵СʦܾȻ֮ǰͨˣԲͰһĸ嵽ҶǳЩȡ
̶ʱڣһĸˣǵԲ࣬ͨ˵ʱҲࡣ
ŵĻһЦԲϧ̫ſˣǿ»֪Сڿ֮ɱСħ
˵꣬һֻؿҶǳ˵СӣΪɱСħû֪»֪СħħֵܣѪϬɱСħħϾ֪ˡ
ΣҶǳ˵Ųħء
һԣĽ庮ˣСʦ̫ܴˣӹ콾ֵħĴħһӵλھְæȲҶǳˡ
ͨˡʱʯ㳡ϣ˷ܵش
˲Լͬؿ飬ֿҶǳǶĽ庮
Ľ庮ǲ̾Ȼһͨ˿ˣ˲ðŵʯݿĽ庮ɫ
˵ɫЩأʮһҾռȷܳʡ
ĵӹ콾ߵٶ࣬ҲǷҪһĴУɲǿܵõġ
˵ĲõķҲͷ
䣡
ʱһӰʯ㳡ϣħĴħ
һ֣ϿҶǳжʱɱڣҶǣ
ɱֵܣҪңħֱӳҶǳ
أ
߿Уϻ˻֣һ׹ʱѴħɳȥ
ħŭؿϣ漴סˡ
֮УϾߣʮһս˶һս񣬾ڰǰҲǲһ
һ£
ɨˣ˵ʮ˶ˣʼһصĿˡ
ٴΰѿ˵ݸһ飬ȻʵҪ˳𣿷˿ɲҪֱˡ
Ľ庮ʱҶǳ飬˵ȥɣðˡ
ǣʦ㣡˵ͷһЩңһҪһһսǾûκνҵĿˣѡ˳
ͬʱҲҶǳЦ˵Ҷʦܣ߰ɡ
ʲôʱ˵Ҫ˳Ҷǳ˵
һ㶣ЩŵصҶǳ㲻ÿһһ벽εţһĴУ
Ҷǳ÷˵ͷ
Ҷʦ㡭Ľ庮ҡҡͷ
һӣ鿴Ҷǳҿߣı㣡
˵꣬Ͻͳȥ
Զӹ콾һؿҶǳɭȻܺãٲһСһῼǸһʹ졣
ҵģҪħĴħɱضҶǳ
Ľ庮ҡҡͷҶǳˡ
Ȼķ飬ҶǳͺħĴħֵһ飬Ľ庮Ȼܺãֿˡ
Ϊֻʣ¾ŸˣӶ϶һֿա


1035 
һ⣬ŵؿ˵Ľʣµľʮ˱̭ˣһϴͳ
ʱ˶ڹעŵһ壬ͻȻֵľʮˣʱĿ˵Ŀ⡣
öˣôһӳôࣿѵѾ𣿡
ԣûгЩεĳûг

۷׷ס
֮Уһž޴Ӱ¶һλʵѶɣʲôϸ˵
һλǿĴڣȻ˿ӰǹǿϢȴǾ춯أļ¡
ǣʦ𣡡˹漴ͽؿ˵˵ҲѷӡĽ˵˳ΪעסϾԱ߻ʮء
ʲô
ӡ
ʮǿս

һܣʱϡ
֮صһλλǿڣһ𣬷׷¶Ρ
һ˲䣬һΧһߴӰϢǿޱȣƬأ˸еѹ֡
Ȼһʮǿսͽġ
û뵽һҲӵһʮǿս̫ˡ
ߣʥسȻ⣬ǿǵʮǿսɶʮǿսˣʲô

ЩǿĴڣҲеޱ˷ܡ
ͽΪʦһǿգһ˹ȥϾʮǿսκεΣա
ͬʱǿҲ׷׳֣ٻԼɵ˲š
һЩɢţܵ˸£¥춼̻ᰡҰЩûеõӡ£Щɢޡ
ЩɢҲǰ׳գ֪Щǿĺôûгɡ
˵ӡЩǿĻ¶޷߳һ塣
̶Ƭ֮䣬Ǳͳľʮˣͷ׷뿪˵һ塣
˵Ŀɻڵһ壬ΪѾ֪ˣ滹ʮˣڽĿˡ
ݣ
ڴʱҲϸͳˡ
˵Ŀʱ۹ȥ
ǲ̵顣
ôͱͳˣʧˡ
СˣҪ֪ʣµʮˣܹ԰벽Ϊȥ֤ǿ󡣡
ţ֮µһˡ

һЩ˿ͻȻֵ飬š
Ԫ飬ʵ飬ʲô
ϣԸԪ漴˵Ŀǰ滹ʣ¾Ÿˣֱӹ콾ʥ٣һĸ壬ŵĻ㣬ŵʯݣħĴħõķԼǲ̵Ľ庮ʦҶǳҶʦܡ
ʱ˶ڹע飬ϾĿˣ֪󿼺˵ݡ
ǣ黰˵ΧһƬ
˵ֵУҶǳ֮⣬˶˵Ԥ֮УϾЩ˶𣬵ΨҶǳ𰡣ǰûչֳ벽츳
ʲôҶǳСҲ𣿹û뵽ǲ̾ȻһŽĿˣȻǲ̸ǿһЩԪʱЦ
ɵǿߣ㶼ЩĽʺˡ
ԪЦ֮󣬿ǰ飬ʵһصĿʲôôô죿
ϣһһһԣԻԷΪʤ׼ΪЩĶ֣ûõһĴУ㲻ðˡԼ˳
Χ˶ǵ˵ͷûųѡ񣬱ϾЩѸ˺ܶ࣬ûҪѰ·
ΨԪɫѿҶǳСô˳Ľ庮ҲȰȰ
һһԣҶǳôӮ
ȻԪ֪ҶǳʵЩǲԶˡ
æ˵ϣѾȰ˵ˣĽ庮ʦҲȰ˵Ҷʦǲ˳Ҳ̫ģҶʦܵʵǵ֮⣬ڿ֮ɱħСħʵȵӿ»Ҫǿ󡣡
ʲôСħʲôܹЩ𣿺֣СǺ֣Ԫ÷Щɸ֣ҶǳҲ̫³çˣЩܹ㿹𣿼ֱ
鰵Цû˵ҲΪҶǳˡ
Զһλȫں֮еǿڿԪߣߵԪǲ̺ȻɱħСħǸҲų𣬻ħĴħ˵ǰĵӣɡ
ߣħСħˣϧֵ˭Ԫԣһм
㡭λħǿ߶ʱ߳ŭҲû
Сֻ֮ҪһһƽԾûԴС˫Ͳ˷ǲͬСĸȥ
ʱȻ˵ϣҳ֮ǰƺҶʦѾѡ˺ʹħԾ
һԪʱͫһ


1036 Ծ
ҶǳԾħԪս˫ȭ֮ɫ
һλ𣬶һҶǳɱ֮Ҷǳл·

ԶλħǿڶʱЦؿԪЦԪȥ֪ͨΪˣͽ׼ˡ
ߣΪħɱҶǳҲ̫СҶǳˡԪȻеǣɲ䣬ߵ
ǺǣȻ㻹ǲǼôӲԶλħǿЦ
鵭ؿŲԶĵһ壬ҡͷΪҶǳԻųʵǰ벽Կģ˫̫ˡ
û뵽ǸҶǳȻһλǿİ벽ѹ֮ǰôţҵڽаӡ
װ̫ˣ˴ħɡ
ߣǼһ̫׳ˣһȺһĴУȻҲҲͽȥֱѰ·

ȺУһЩ۷׷ס
ûΪҶǳܹų

ʱڵһڡ
Ѿֳĸս򣬷ֱ𽫳ȴĽ庮İ˸˽ȥ
ҶǳԾħӹ콾ԾŵĻ㣬ŵʯݶԾһĸ壬ʥٶԾõķ
ĸ򣬶εİɫĻ֣ǰϲõķƾҶǳڵʵơ
Ľ庮վڰԱߣŲԶҶǳʹħڵս򣬶ʱǡΪ̵Ĵʦ㣬ȻϣҶǳ䣬Ͼǲ̵ʵ
ʱĸսڣ˵ɫһ
ӹ콾ԾĴŻ㣬ɫѿޱȣ֪ԼҪˡ
ʥӶԾ÷Ҳɫޱأ˿⡣
ںҶǳԾĴħЦݣҶǳЦҶǳİɣҲɱ㣬Ҫһꡣ
׳գ˵ĺܹһһҶǳЦ
Ӳҿ㻹ܲôɡħɫ˵
Զӹ콾˵ħֺһ㣬̫ɡ
㲻˵ҲôġħɭЦ
һ԰׳գҶǳҡҡͷ
棬Ľ庮ͻȻҶǳ޵ıһ
ԱߣһҶǳ漴˵ʼɣ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ڰϻʱĸսڣϴը
˸ţһʱͶˣɱ
Ҷǳɣ
һսڣħڰ˵ʼ󣬱˲Ҷǳǰһȭݺݵغ
һŨҵȭ⣬ӴħкƵĩյֻط籩ЯŹᴩĿֲء
㿪Ӳӣħħȭս˫棬Ľ庮ѵ
棬ħһЦѣ̫ˡ
ս˫Ҷǳԣһм֮ɫЦǰս˫ֱЦ
˵ֱ꣬ӻӶռȭͬһȭȥħȭͷݺݵײһ
ֱ棬Ľ庮ûҶǳǷӣȻʹħӲӲôĵ
һħҲЦֻЦЩ̺ɭ
䣡
ħȭͷһƬһħ棬ֻͬܳĶԩ꣬緢ǿ
ռȭ
Ҷǳ䣬һ貵գҫ۵ԡ
ֲ˫ȭ֮ͬһźǱըһ
ͬұսһЦħǿơħЦݣ˫ȭݺݵҪҶǳ˶ҳ
һڴҶǳһЦȭͷϵĽԽ貣һռ⾳չ֣ħȭͷݺݵײһ
أ
һ춯صʱ
ǿݺݵײһ
¡¡
һĿֲ죬ħɫȻһ䣬Ȼɴ۾ŵصŶҶǳ
㡭
ħû˵꣬һųҵĽ⣬Ѿסˡ
㻹̫ˣҶǳһռȭױ貵ҫޱȣս˸
Źâɢȥս棬ֻʣҶǳһˡ
ڴħ
ʤߡҶǳϵĻʯ㳡
ʱĽ庮ɴ۾ŵؿսҶǳ
սЩڽսţҲһЩŵתͷ˹
սҷģֱһֲĺϯȥһӾͽ򱬡
Ӯϵ˵


1037 
һ⣬˵ĿⶼɽµͭǶ֪ڽһˣҲ֪滹ʣЩˣǶڵȴĽ
ɵĴǣڵȴԼҵӵʤЩЩڴ
ϾǵһһյӣһɹˣͻΪһˣõһһС
˵ĸɣֻҪܹõһ壬ôȻᳬԽɣԿʥʥء
ԪҲ²һ̭ģ϶ǲ̵ҶǳŵĴϳЦ
ԪɫȴǺܵǡ
ǺǣδҲ̫ǸҶǳˣȻãħĴħܻܲųءħĴЦ
βһ˽˵һĿˣʵ̫ˣǵɵļʣ˿̶ڳԷ̡
Ǵźһûпڰ˵
ԪͭţֻϣҶǳܹųӮӮûпǡ
ৣ
ڴʱͭǰһɫվһߴӰ
˳ˣʱ˾
˵Ŀ⣬һӿǵɫ
Ƕ֪ʱģ϶Ǳ̭ˡ
ҶǳɣŸˣֻһǰ벽˴ħ̭Źء
û뵽ҶǳȻԴӴħлʵǲСѹֿԻɱСħ
ҶǳҲ˲ˣȻȲЩ𣬵£¿ǿļˡ

۷׷ס
ħĴߵԪû뵽ҶǳȻųˣǹϲˡ
е㲻ˬħȻûɱҶǳħ̫ˡ
ԶԪȴЦݣҲõһ̭ҶǳûϵֻҪžˣħϵ䳰ȷ
Աߣ鿴ǵͻȻֵİɫ뵽λҶʦܵЩ£ңҲûаڴħǰȻܹķӡѾĺǿˡҲõ˷ӡҪ˶Ҿ׷
˼һʱǵɫĹҲɢȥ
ȻѾȷɫ˾Ҷǳˣɽע
Ȼ˵кһ帽˶Ŵͣɴ۾š
ΪˣȻǡħ
һƬѻȸ
˶ɴ۾Щ˻۾ΪԼˡ
ֱΣȷǰˣǴħ
ʱһƬڡ
Ȼǡħ
찡Ц˰ɣħȻǸҶǳ̭ˡ
Ҷǳôܣ֮ǰһ׶ûа
ǰҶǳΪʲôˣе
ǶСҶǳȻһλ𡣡
̾Ȼ˵ڶλ̫ˣ֮УԲΪˡ

ڶȻǴħǼ˶̸Ҷǳ
ΪҶףʹħԾҶǳȻħ̭ˣôʤ߿϶Ҷǳ
˲Ҷǳȡɲ̭˴ħΪһһĹƽԾûʵǲ̭һġ

Ҷǣ
ͭǰħ߾˫ȭŭ
ʵ̫ŭˣΪһεĳţܵĿȴһǰϸ̭ˣʵܴ谡
ħҪˣܱܵɱˣԼֲǶ֣
Ĵħ
ҶǳҪ½ˣħȴ̤ʯѹ˱ܴ谡

˶Щͬħ
ħħĴϴʱڷӦˣŵصŴħʵıҶǳСӸ̭ˣôܣǲͻȻʲô⣿
ħʱܲã俴һۣܳʲô⣿Сʵ˭뵽ȻҲһͻȻЩֲһսҲ
Ȼ˵ţҶǳչֳĿֲɵѡ
֪ԼȻҶǳҶǳҲδؾԼ
òϣһͬεĶ֡

˴ħĻԪЦ
ʵˣҶǳȻһѹеһĴУʵ̫ˡ
Ҿ˵ܹųģôܻߣԪ뵽
Աߣ˳״סˡ
ҶǳȻ
Ϣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ǰȰ˵˳ǺǣҲֻһСɡ
𾪵ͬʱЩ߳ŭԼҶǳˣˣѾô˵ԼСˡ
ǿɶ񰡣


1038 쵰
ҶǳܴħϢ籩һһӴӵһ崫Ǵݣ𾪲ѡ
һ̣Ҷǳ֣һ쳹½һεĳŲվһ
һ˸СҶǳ˸˵Ҷǳһ䲻ˡ

ԪЦĺܿģҶǳǲ̵ĵӣΪĵӣҲȻΪ˸еԺˡ
෴Աߵ飬ޱ飬ȴޱȼʡ
ԶħϡŴϡôϣɫޱѿ
źһĴϣĽ֮ɫ
̶һλ𼶱ĳţǾĳԽǣλ֮ˡ
֮⣬ħû뿪ɵڵһΰܸҶǳĺܲ׼Ҷǳһۡ
ͬʱҲΪ˱ɱ֮
ûȵҶǳȵ˷ͻˡ
Ҳ̱̭ͭǰ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ǿȥ
ášһˣɵɫЩѿ
ʣǵĵӱ̭ˣûٵõһĴˡ
壬ı£˭ܻ㣿һĴЩĵʵԸû뵽Ȼ̭ˡ
ʯݣһУķڷңҲҲӮʥĴˣһĴԵ嵭˵ʶٵǿ֪ԼԶԶ硣
ǺǣԶŵĴϲɵЦ˵ŵʯһĴУпŵˡϾʥĵǰҲܰѵһĴиʥء
ŵĴЩʺͲģԳˣ̻ء
ߣһһĶԾֲǿ˭ࡣŵĴߵ
ŵĴϲǿԼµӻ㣬ʵ㣬ܸ˭
ʥ٣˵еĶ壬ڳˣûһĶ֡ɫص˵Ҳķڷûһ㲻ġ
壡
˻Ȼִ˵еʡ

һʱһƬ
Щһĸ֣˵ǿԲŸеġ
õʱҲˣɫص˵ٵʵȷǿҸӹ콾һսʵ١
⼸λ̭϶޹⣬Ƕû뿪Ǽȴڵһ뿴˭õ˵һĴС
Ȼǿ󣬵˿ǲܽһĴнʥġ

һڣʯ㳡ϡ
Ҷǳ콾١ʯˣֱս߳ǸղŶԾʤߡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬Ҷǳϡ
𾪣ţ
СӣҵСˣû뵽ҲﵽΣͬǲ̵ԶԶȲ콾ɫؿҶǳȻҶǳʵǿӲޱȡ
ʥһҶǳ漴ֿ˹콾ЦҴģ㲻
ߣúÿλģûǻһս콾ߵ
ҺڴҶǳͬޱǿơ
ʯݿҶǳ˵صĹǴħˣ㲻ܻܴħ
¿ԿǰǸᡣҶǳЦ
ʱĽ庮˹ֻ۾ҶǳҶǳЩڣڨڨЦʦ㣬òҰɣҺܽŵģ
ס죡
Ľ庮ҧгݣݺݵҶǳŭ츳˵Сһ㵣ģȰ˳㵱ʱǲڿҵЦܺ쵰
Ľ庮ʵ̫ˣò̵һλӣʲôʱô
һ뵽ԼȰҶǳ˳͸о죬ǳˡ
Ҷǳεʦ㣬Ҿ̤ΣҲòŵɣһûôߵءңǰҾѾ˵ˣҲ콾ԼŰˡ
㡭Ľ庮ҧгݣȴ޴ӷΪҶǳ˵Ķԡ
ˣ
ϵڳ̸ֹͣۡ
УϵӰ䣬ɨҶǳˣ漴Ŀͣϡ
ٵȻ֪ϵ˼վ˳˵Ը˳ˣڴ˵عս֪ܲԸ
콾ԣʱ־ϲؿ٣оȻѡ˳ôڳ˭Ķ֣
ʯҲ¶ϲ֮ɫڳˣɵٺ͹콾ˣ˳Ļʹˡ
ֻĽ庮ҶǳףǰϺٵĽס


1039 ֮ս
ãҴӦ㣡
վǵ˵ͷٴһԹս
󣬰ϿҶǳˣЦܺãôھʣĸˣպÿԷֳС飬ʤ߽ľ
ǩ𣿡콾ʵɱؿҶǳƺҪĿ⽫Ҷǳɱ
ҶǳһЦ֮ɫ콾Ŀ֮ͬɱ
ʯݺĽ庮˰ϡ
Цҡͷǩ㻹ΪǱ
˵գָĽ庮Ҷǳ˵һɵģ˼ҽãͲɱˡԣˣһѡһְɡ
콾ʯԣҲûͷԡ
˶Щء
콾һɭЦؿҶǳ˵Сӣ־ѡҡ
ʯݣ˿Ľ庮ٿ˿Ҷǳ۶ĸȶϹ콾á
Ͼ콾Ķ֡
ȻôҪһսܲأҶǳûĽ庮ڣָ˹콾
Ľ庮Ҷǳһֻۣѡʯݡ
ңڲõˣҶǳʵʹ򲻹콾ҲԱ
ǣûƬ̣ҶǳĻȴһ
콾֪ҪɱңҲҪɱ㣬ҿһ֮սʲôˣΣ
Ҷǳ콾Ŀ⣬˿еɱ
ΪС屨ѩޣȻҪɱˡ
Ҷʦܣ侲㡣Ľ庮֮Ϻȵ
Ǻǣ˼һԵʯݣȫһֻɫ
٣Ҳ¶ȤĿ⣬źϷ
ϿҶǳһۣ˵ֻҪͬ⣬û⡣
ҶǳűɫĹ콾֮ɫЦôҴӦ𣿡
кβң
콾ڱҶǳŭˣҶǳɱˣȻҪҾͳȫ㡣
Ҷǳ΢΢֪Լɹŭ콾ˡ
ˣȻѾѡ˶֣ôͿʼɣ
ŰϵĻ£ս򱻻ֳҶǳ˷ֱС
ʯݿĽ庮΢΢ЦûȶϹ콾ֻҪ㣬һĴбҵˡ
ôаջܹ콾Ľ庮
ʯҡҡͷ˵ΪûаգҲŲȶֻҪ㣬ѵϻѵһĴнԣʱǷܹܹ콾һĴжҵˡ
棡Ľ庮Ц뷨ĺ棬ҲûǸˣΪҲܲˡ
𣿡ʯ촽ڹ֣ĹâǾҿЩ곤˶١
δ䣬ʯݵӰѾԭʧˣٳʱѾĽ庮ǰ
ֵķʽܹ죬ȻǴĽ庮µӰġ
֪Ӱ֮壬ͷء
Ľ庮һЦ
ûʯݹĽ庮һɼϢѾĽ庮ϯȥܱߵһжˡ
ʯҲˣһ
أʯݺܿѿһȭĽ庮˫ȭ֮䣬һһףչֳ壬ޱ
һǿս޵ȭһȭ֮к⾳ǿޱȡ
һȭУڶԷ֮Уνܣá
ȭ
Ľ庮ͬһȭӭȥȹսԱǿȭᴩ񷣬ϢƺǰĿˡ
ò˵Ľ庮ǳޣڲ̵Ĳ֮вһȭԼ໥ںϣγרĲȭǿ󣬲ҴűһеĿ
ս񾳽ʱȭʮս񶼸һӶˣһȭɱݡ
Ӱ֮壡
Զٿһۣҡҡͷ䶨ˡ
˵꣬ͰĿͶҶǳǱߡ
Ҳʯ䶨ˣΪ֪Ľ庮ѷӡĺǿˣʯݲǿɹôĽ庮Ķ֣
ͬε˭ӵһʮǿսжʤˡ
ĵģҶǳ͹콾ĶԾ
˿̣콾ѾһֻȭͷŶҶǳŵ˵Сӣһֻȭͷܻ㡣
˵գȭͷȻҵĹâ̫ԣһս
䣡
ǾȻǹ콾ĲӰ
Ĺ콾ȻѾҶǳǰһȭݺݵضҶǳ
ȻҶǳѾһУؾȭͷҵĽⱬͬһغ¯ӭ콾
أ
һ죬Ҷǳԭزǹ콾ɳȥ˼ʮսİɫĻ
ǿԶս۾һУĿ֮һս⡣


1040 Ծ
ôܣ
콾ŵصŶҶǳƺû뵽ԼȻ·磬Щ޷ܡ
һССϣȻǿ
ʵš
콾óʵɣ̫û˼ˡ
ҶǳߵղŹ콾Ȼƴʵ̫޴ˡ
䣡
콾ûлػٶȳҶǳɻӶȭͷųһԣâҫ۶Ŀ
һõǿظӦõڹ콾ȭͷ֮УһӿȵĿ
ȭƲ񷣬ȭա
콾ȭͷ쵽˼£Ҳǿ˼£̹ͬžٵأ
Ŷ
Ҷǳгأͦʩչռȭ޵еռ⾳ʱݻĩڹ
ִ޷赲ͬˮɽӷڣϵǶ׹䣬ǻա
䣡
˵ȭͷײһսһƬҵĹâ˸ľ
ˣ
һµ죬д
ʣڽµս
ùâɢԿս浽ӰҶǳ͹콾һӰΪٶ̫ˣӰ鲼ս
٣ǰϣ
ʵǿܹҶǳ͹콾ս
ʱҶǳ͹콾ȫս˵ȭͷϵײżһȭһȭִ򷨷ǳͨͬ豹档
磬ʲôʽѾûˣеսƺǵȭͷ֮С
ͬһȭͷͨͨȴ̺Ųͬսͬ⾳
ɱ
ɱ
Ҷǳ͹콾ɱʵʻص׵ҽڷڲѣֲɱںǵȭͷ֮Уڰмײš
ɷڵѪԴϱֱֱ̣ͬ
䣡
ֲ̫ˣͬαÿһײǳںֲкȥսڲ
ĵӣһʧߣȻʵ֪Ĵжǿ
սЩ𾪵˵
Ŀ⣬ȴƳԱߵ١
ٵһЦ˵ĵϸɣ֪Ҳֻ࣬˵һӵлƽʥ壬սǿ˫ңۣʵ޷
ƽʥ壿ۣ𾪲ѡ
ȻӵʵĶܹﵽΣҲǿƽʥ塢ǿһʣǱޡ
ʯݵӰ֮壬Ľ庮壬Լ콾壬ǶͨʣǱޡ
οĴ˻ۡ
ⶫȻϣ˶ܿԹܹ۵ģȴָ
Ϊһͨ˿۵ĻںᲢۣԴﵽΡ
λѾӵ˻ƽʥˣһ𣬴˿ٿۣǾͲһһڶĽǱ֮ǰǿˡ
ʥأܸ˭ϺȻؿ١
۾һУĿ˵˻壡
ϵһ۾ֱˡ
˻塭ǿʶǲ󰡣۹Žδʶ۷壬Ķɲ֮ᲢۡϾ̾
Ȼֻһ飬ҲӵһĹż֮пһЩأ˵ں½ϵ໹ֻʱħޱضǣڶöࡣ
ңħ֮ǿߣСֻ࣬ħȦʳ
ֱ֮е˻ʣŴǿʢշѹħޣٳޣΪ½ͳߡ
дԣЩ˻ʶӵͬһʣձΪ˻壬ӵ˻ˣʵǳֲлߣעվ۷Ĵڡ
˻塭ƽʥӿۡ
ϺȻһ󱯰ͻȻоһһֽһʧߣᱻʥĴ˻ɱ
һʧˣҲʹһ峹׶Ͼ˴УԺһֻܳΪһżʸʥˡ
ӡ
ڴʱһս֮Ѿֳʤˡ
Ľ庮ʩչ˷ӡǿŵʯݵ򱬣ӮⳡԾ
ɶ񡭡ķӡôôǿͬʱ䣬ٸߣҲǿ˶ٲŶԡʯЩĵؿĽ庮
Ľ庮һЦʯݲӡãѾڲ̵ĵӡʮˣʯܹġ
Ľ庮תͷҶǳǱߵĶԾȴ𾪵ĵɴ۾
Ϊۿ콾ҶǳһȭѪɣߵؿڶѿˣҶǳһ޵еս̵ӡԺС


1041 ûϢ
Ҷǳ̫ǿˣһ֮󣬹콾վǲҶǳȭͷҶǳˣؿڸǱҶǳĹѣ˵嶼ˡ
Ҫ̭¹콾Ҫ̭ˣһս֮սֻôν˭Ӯҡ
ֽĽ庮еޱ𺳣ΪҶǳֻǿ̤𾳽磬û뵽ҶǳȻǿ󣬿ҲԶԶǶְ
ʯҲе𾪲ѣûãͱϸͳȥˡ
ৣ
һ⣬һɫ٣ʯݵӶʱ˵ǰ
ʱһĿ⣬ʯݿ
ߣ
ʯһЩ죬ڱصõĵһ崫У̭ˡ
ˣ֮£һЯǿ壬ɨȥϯһ塣
ʯݵʵһЩս񣬶еͷһ̲ס˼
ЩʵµˣǿѪȻڵϡ
ֻдħͬ𣬲ûʲôо
ţЩɵĴϣҲûʲôо
ʯݣǱ̭õ𣿡õķЦ
ʯߵұǿ
ɫǻһ̭ˡ
ʯתͷ
ŵĴϴ˿̸еܣʯûеõһĴУЩʧǿʵʯݣ˭̭ģ˭пܻõһĴУ
Ľ庮ʯɫ֪Ϊʲôͬʼķӡʩչȴǿ࣬Ѿ˼ʮһ
ԶԪһЦǵȻˣǲ͵õ˷ӡɲǸһġ
ȻĽ庮
ŵĴؿ˸Ԫһۣô˵滹ʣ¹콾١Ľ庮Ҷǳˡһ岻Ὣнʥأô̻õһĿ󡣡
˵꣬һĽʺޡ
ԪЦǲ̵õһĴУʹϯȾƣλǵ
ӣɫЩһˬһ
ħǰʯݣʵҶǳĶ˭
ٺ٣һϢһõϢһʯԣٺЦ
ħߵϻ˵
Ҿȸ㲻õϢɣʯݺٺЦĿˣǸҶǳʵǿڱƴս֮ʱ콾Ѫ
ħ۾һУޱ𾪡
ˣѾˡ
ԪǴЦϡ
ʯƳ˸ԪһۣԴħЦһϢǾҶǳ͹콾µ֮սҲ˵ǲֳǲսģֻһ˻ȻҶǳǿ󣬵ǹ콾ûжʮǿսĿ϶Ҷǳ
һ£ԪϵЦݶʱסˡ
ҶǳȻ͹콾֮ս
СҲ̫³ç˰ɡ
ɶ
ԪؿڣоԼᱻҶǳˡ
Զšħõˣ¶ֻЦݡ
û˻Ҷǳȹ콾ǿǲܵģϾӵʮǿս
ҶǳȻҲ˷ӡã
ӣѾԼҵʮǿսĺǿˣͬεУ˭֮⣿
ҵţΪҪɱħɫ˵гɱ
ʯЦҪܹɱ콾㻹Ķ𣿡
ħû˵֪ҶǳĿԻɱ콾ȷҶǳĶ֡
ǣֻҪѷӡز¹˭־Ͳһˡ

һڡ
콾ɫ޸壬ĿؿҶǳܺãû뵽ǿ󣬲һ˵սɲǿǿȣҽʶһʲôʮǿս
˵꣬콾ٴλӶ˫ȭɱ
һΣ콾˫ȭϲɫĹâе˸·ƻС
ڹ콾ȭչ֮һ¶ɢſµĵϣǿҵĳϯս
ȭ
棬۾Щǡ
ʮǿսǳֲ
Ҷǳֵס
ȻѾҪѵһĴнҶǳˣϣҶǳܹܹ콾ϾʳԶվЩʡ
Ҫǣ콾ֻһʧߣҶǳҲ޷ܣǻʲôʸõһĴУ
ǣҶǳ⣬ʲôѡ
ѡĽ庮
Ľ庮ҶǳʵӲʺϡ
ڹ콾٣ʼնûǹǣϾʥصˣõһĴжϾҲѵһĴнϴʥء


1042 
ҶǳǳǿڱƵù콾ʩչʮǿսȭ
һȭǳǿڹ콾ȫʩչ£·һУȭӡݺݵشҶǳ
ȭȭԦ֮Ҷǳҿҿ⣿
콾ţһȭ·ѾҶǳһȭĳо֮ɫ
ǲò˵һȭȷǿ󣬵ȷһ֮ȻǺܶ࣬Ͼ֮ǳֲ
Կõϲõս򣬶Եֵ֮׹ᴩ˺ѡ
ҶǳޱأʩչӡȫչֳԼѪԲεΪӡ߶˼¡
ӡ
콾ҶǳȻ÷ӡԿԼȭɵһķӡãһʱѣܹʲô̶ȣҵȭ⣿
ΪҶǳڵһõķӡԲΪҶǳӡһʱ䡣
ʵϣҶǳѾѷӡСɾ磬ѾԷӳӡʮǿսˡ
䣡
Ҷǳȫ¶ڱɫĹâһ̫â貣Ȼеϱ۳һ޴ӡŹ콾ȭȻײȥ
ߣ۵Բ
콾һм֮ɫȭӵ˼£ųҵɫâǰݺݵرը
ʱն·𱻺һ޴Ŀ޾кݺݵسŶҶǳ
䣡
Ҷǳ߶ӡԼǰӲ콾
ͬ棬ƻƺҹǣһ̣貵Ļ𻨡
ǿϵشҶǳϱսչš
ؿõǿ޴ӡƶǰֲڲϵغˣŹ콾Ҳһˡ
˸㣬һ֮ǰѾ˷ӡ
Ź콾ŵĿ⣬Ҷǳ˵
һ̣Ҷǳǰӡâ貣޾Ľɫϯȥ
¡¡
ؾ죬ս򶼿ˡ
ۣ콾Ҳ֮Ѫɣݺݵսıϣ˵϶ѷ졣
أ
ȥ˲䣬콾ͱ鿪ΪѪ
󣬹콾ٶȻָĿ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ԭˣѾõӡѹ֮ǰôͨصĿˡ
콾ˡ
ΪʲôҶǳĽ庮֮ǰͨصĿˡ
ⲻԸߣΪѾڽһ֮ǰõ˷ӡʮǿս
ǺǣȭҪ
ҶǳЦ
кأΪֲǹ콾ȭֻΪǿ󣬰ѷӡӳˣȻ¹˭ֻһء
ߣ
콾һٶɱ˫ȭӶ׵â˸һ̺֮Уƥܡ
ȭ
ûõģ
Ҷǳҡҡͷʩչӡ˹ȥ
ȻһΣӡûн콾򱬣ϣȻֳһɫսףӡԵˡ
ף
Ҷǳ۾һУ̶Ե޵
ԼղһĴɫս׵£ɼķжôǿû뵽콾ӵףĵ̹Ȼ񰡡
ߣһ׶ѣû뵽ͬһս㾹Ȼˡ
棬Ƴһ۹콾ϵսף
콾ںһЦȻҲʵһ֣˵µ֮սɲʲôƽԡ
ߺߣһЦûвֹ콾ҶǳսΪҶǳû䡣
Ȼ콾˷ףѾҶǳķӡͬ콾ҲκβҶǳ뽩ֽ׶Σܼսϣȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
СӣҳʵϧվֻԲСɣһûС
콾ŶҶǳйâһһɫ񽣣׵֮⣬ƥܡ
ţ
Ҷǳɵüͷͫһ
һǹ͵Ķ
Ϲ콾ϵɫսףôھǹһ壬ռݾ޴ˡ
Сӣ۸㣬˭ûаһأ±ӼǵͶ̥õ㡣
콾Цţֳɫ񽣣һңңҶǳʱâᴩռ䣬Ҷǳʩչķӡһˣâ˿ؼɱҶǳ
ڽҶǳʱ򣬹콾еɫϸ緢һƬ׻ֲսҪҶǳ
Ǿ׻𣿡
棬Ľ庮ǡ
콾ʵǿټܹ߶׻Ҷǳ֮


1043 ǰջ
ͣ
ս򣬶׻ǣǳҵɫâֱҶǳǰ޴
أ
ҶǳӶȭͷֱӲɫâǿĽŰȴǱռˡ
ɫâ̺ǿǶҶǳȭͷҲֻǶѣȭͷûб鿪
ʲô
콾ŵصɴ۾
棬ϡ١Ľ庮ˣҲɫһ䣬ҶǳĿ֮Щ𾪡
ʱҶǳȭͷһ޴Ѫƿܿ¡
ʵ϶Ҷǳ˵ʲôˣһӲȭͷͻָˡ
ѪԲĲΣҶǳޱǿͬʱҲſֲĻָ
˵ȭͷˣȭͷֱ۷ˣǶҶǳ˵ǺɾָܻСˣֵһᡣ
ֲָֿǿȣöĹ콾սİ˸е𾪡
ѪԲ
콾ҧЩŵصɴ۾
棬ҲҶǳΪ

ʥٸЦս񾳽磬ֲֿ½Ҳָ֮⣬ֻλƽʥˣԼʥ˻塣
ƽʥ˻ǿޱȣⲻʲô
ϹһЦҶǳĿ⣬ʷ˷ܵСӣȴǴͨʽ磬ֱǾһ漣
һΪҶʦҲţû뵽ȻǴͨʽ磬Ľ庮ҲԵ̾
ͨʽΣжôѣ˭
ԹΪûܹõ
൱ڴһСɱΪеѶȣֱ޷
ߣﵽѪԲ磬ҲĶ֡
콾ҧгݵغ
ʵ̫ŭˣҶǳֳʵһδγԤϣ޹ܲġ
Сӣƺ˭ĵˣ
ûҶǳ˵İһ
һ̣սȻС콾棬Ҷǳ򱻰Ϸ˳
ʲô㾹ȻǵԾǵһĹƽˣ
콾ŭŰϣȴ޿κΣΪڣʮһǵս񶼶ϣο
Ǻǣҵĵ
ϱ˫֣мһЦߵ㻹ΪһὫнûٶԹԶ˳𣿼ֱ
˵꣬תͷҶǳ϶ʱЦݣ͵ص˵ͷ˵ܺãıЩҵԤϣıҲˣλʦĶ֣ԡһĴˡ
ԱߣĽ庮˵ͷҶǳЦҵȷĶ֣ҶʦܣϲˡΣΪǲ´ˡ
ҶǳһЦ漴ϣ˵ȻѾˣǾϰʦͳȥɡ
С׾ˣЦΪһοˣ㲻ǵһĴУͬʱҲǵһˣȻҲҵˡ
һǽϰɣҶǳҡҡͷȻϲ壬Ͼ£Сףо̫ˡ
Ҳ⣬漴˻֣Ľ庮뿪
󣬰Ͽ˲ԶսڵĹ콾ʵһҪ𣿡
Ҷǳתͷ˹콾
콾ɫҶǳû֣ԼɱңȴҪɱҡ
һʧ߶ѣƾ㻹ûʸǵһ崫˵Ķ֣˵˵Ķ֣㻹֤ʲô֤ϵǵһɲȱٶ
Ц
콾ûֻ۾ҶǳҲģ㻹ֱɱң־ܣɱ
ˣ
ҶǳһЦ漴԰˵ϣһָսⳡûɵԾ
һ㶣Ҷǳʲô˭Ҳκβ˭ȥ˷ʱѵ˭Ⱥ˭̫˰ɣ
ϻָս򣬲ҶǳС

콾˷ܵؿŶҶǳɭ˵ģҹƽһս
ĸģ
ҶǳߵңҪС屨𡣡
˵գأСðСȥս
ߣĺܲҵģ
콾ƳһС壬漴߶еɫ񽣣ܣٶȱ
棬Ҷǳ˫ӡһʱ˫֮ǰչֳ
Ƿʽ
̫𡢺𡢷˲ڤħ𡢾׻𡭡
һһ֡
棬콾ɴ۾
棬Ҳɴ۾
˶һĻסˡ


1044 ǿս
֣ʹսڵ¶ȸߵ˼£ϲõս϶ڱЩֵסĸ£ٰϼʱǿϵķȹս
ҶǳʩչʽеĵʽΪһ壬һɫȵĹâʢ̺֮޾ɱöתơ
棬콾֮УŵؿһС
ŵȭеĶޱߣǰɫǰԵС
ʽ
棬ϳһ˵еʮǿս
ʽ£һЩǿ֮жʮǿս˭޷ɣΪҪսռ
¼䣬δҶǳӵ𣬼ֱ̫ˡ
û뵽Ŵ˵еʮǿսȻ˿ɡ
ʲôƽʥ壬ʲô˻壬ӵսδػǣǵһлָյٹˡ

漴ޱ˷ܡ
սڣ콾ѾӦˣɫʱͬңŵغôɷʽȻûаűôܣ
콾֪ѧĻ϶ߺⲻѧ
Ǻǣȥɣ
ҶǳЦţѾۺõɫ˶档
̵ٶȲ죬ڷʽ֮£콾Ӳ
ңķʽֻ֮浮֮УȻҲ̺һյ֮£Χնסˡ
ټΧս򲢲ǺܴԾע˹콾·ӣֻӲһС
ϵ֮ȭ
콾
һ̣ܵǰδевû˿ԥʩչȭеĽСϵ
Կõ콾˶ƬɫĹ֮УȭΪһ壬Լǿս
Ȼ콾ҲǳʽĿֲҴ⣬ֻƴ
ž
޴ɫ֮УɢֲܣĩյĻף֮ųѤĻ棬һ˺գŻص
콾ǳ԰ȭ˴ɾ磬һȭ¼ʹҶǳѪԲ缶δؽӵס㲻Ҳ
ֻǣڹ콾Ե𱬷ķʽŴ˵еʮǿսĴʼ֮⣬δܹҶǳʽ
˿̣İϣѾɴ۾׼һս
¡¡
ɫȻǴ¶ϢȴǸĿֲ
䣡
޴ɫײʱɫڱըһ˲ųĿֲâİ϶̲ס۾Сŵúˡ
Ϣֲ̫ˣսΧı涼ѷ죬һƬƬ꣬ǰƬ˺ѳƬ
ΪȵĻ𺣣ɫĹֱɵˣǳҵĹâ֮Уûд콾Ĳҽ綼·𳹵׻ˡ
ǲ
սıˡ
ʱʽҲɢ
ŹâɢԭֻʣҶǳһˣ滹һݵĿռ䣬󷨵֧£ָá
ڹ콾Ѿʧˡ
ǿ
˿̣ҶǳҲ𾪣һʩչʽеĵʽǰʩչʽʽȵʽǿ̫౶ˣֱǻء
ˣ
ϴʱط˷ܵؿҶǳ˵Ƿʽû뵽㾹ȻѧŴ˵еսߴֲ̫ˣҿʮǿսʽѷɫܶࡣ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷҲָ飬ͬΪʮǿսʽȷȭͷӡǿˡ
ңֻǼǼ˾ǿʲôز
ԭôĵƣѹԸСսٺ٣˵һʧˣĴˣҲδĶ֡
˷ܣʵڼˣΪֻǿһˣû뵽Ȼջ
˵ڵһյĴʷϣҶǳǿһ
ңзʽڣҶǳǱԲ
ϣڸôȥĵһ˰ɣҶǳпһʽǿ֮󣬱Цſϡ
һ壬ˡ
ʥ֮һûˣҲǵ̻񣬷ǲ̿Ա⡣
ҶǳԴ˷ǳڴ֪жٱܹԼʵʲôز
Ǻǣˣ뿴
΢΢һЦ漴˻֣Χľ㿪ʼ仯һƵɽ壬Ҷǳǰ
ĵһ塣


1045 һʯ
ĿǰΡĵһ壬ٿ˿µգҶǳ˿̲ŷ֣֮ǰһֱڵһĻɽ֮С
ò˵ɽʵֲ̫ˣһǳأʯ㳡ԭǴݻģȴôʵ
˵ɽ֮Уϱеף֮
˴˭ܹƵһ壿
ѹ֣ǵһûˣҲûܹһ壬һı
ɽڣ¼ʮǵսֳֵ޷ơ
ˣ룡
ϴʱǰ·һɽ
ҶǳڰߣŽµһһԵޱ𺳡
һϵĽﶼǳͳһȫǹ״һ鲼ɽͷ飬ǳࡣ
һ⣬Щǿŵġ
һ嶼ǿŵġ
ûһϢ
ΪϹĩһսһ˱Ѿˡ

ŰϣҶǳɽһߴνߴʤ¶ȼ£ΧǹͺͺʯͷûӲݺľ
ҶǳĿһɨͿ˲Զһ޴ʯͷһСɽֻҺɫͬ׹ʯ
֮һӾͿʯΪҶǳʯͷܵһǰδеɢĿֲϢҶǳ嶼ڲͷ·𵱳һ
ʲô
Ҷǳ̲סѯʰϡ
ϹЦɲǵһĴбʯںܾǰǰһʦүصõʯѧʮǿսеġӡ̶˵һ壬Ϲʱˣһ֣һʯ
һʯʯͷʲô֮𣿾Ȼõһʦү򹦷ѧҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҷǳϸǰľʯǳ档
ٺ٣ǧ磬治Уһʯ֮Խһʯ̺֮⣬ʵؼӲޱȣײ顣
ЦЦ漴ҡͷϧǵһһоΣ޷ȻĻһΪǿĵ
𣿾ȻҶǳԣЩ̲סֳǰľʯȥ
Сģ̺һҵľӰһԣѵ
ŶҶǳʱӺˣƷڵһʯ棬ʱܵһݹ
¡¡
һ̣ҶǳоԴһһζξԺУһʵ˻
ħǣȥɡ
ܣѾսˡ
ʯڣǾڣԺûų򡣡
ħͬھ

ЩݵĻ֮УҶǳһǿ飬ڻ֮Уһͷͷ;޴ħս
֮УģȻȫħͬĩ١
һλ֮УҶǳһ޴ʯһͷħײ飬һƬ֮У֪˺εء
ƬҶǳǰʯҲǵһĵһʯ
ôˣʲôܣϽҶǳ
Ҷǳɫһ漴۾𺳵¼ĳѵϹĩһսԺʲôɣ
˵ЦˣЩĳ֪Ƿڻ֮Уǿ֮Ĵ˵еط
ȻһЦ
ҶǳҲԼ׳ˣֳһ֪Ƿ½ֻǸղʵ̫ˡ
û뵽֮⣬Ȼ˶ǿߣԣѵǡ磿
ȻҶǳ
ʱһҪȥ
ѵһʯмصĻ棬ǻ磿
Ҷǳǿҵֱһǻ硣
ˣһʯпյʱʲôʱȴȥǵһĲر
һѵ
Ҷǳҡҡͷһʯ¼Ļǲڻ磬ڶûϵʲôʱٳѰһ硣
գҶǳŰ뿪ɽԶһ
ǵһĲرҶǳԴ˷ǳڴ
ڽرҶǳһ۱㿴һþ޴ʮŹӣǹҶǳҲʶ֮ǰȥĶ
ԣǰǶ
ֻǣĶôֻʮˣ
Ҷǳɵתͷϡ
һڨڨϹĩһǵһҲഫˣĺܴ󡣡
֮ǰ˵ʱһԾõһٶŶʱһΪֹӣԲô󷽡ҶǳԹضŰϣЩͳȥĶɶİ
εˣô˵ǵһҲʥ֮һ֮ǰҲһ㣬˶ǵһ⵰ˣǶûӰ
ߣҪҶǳһͻȻֲõԤУһ岻ĳ⵰˰ɡ


1046 
ϽʣµʮŶҶǳŰ߽Ŀ⳯ŵɨȥڴ֮ɫ
ֻڷһżӣߵļõĶһЩ鼮ұߵļһЩǳࡣ
һ˵ˣ涼ǵһռĹսĶƷлʮ
˵Щǵһĵ̣˭ܱȵϣ
ʮҶǳҲһڲѶ֮ǰɱ콾жõľ񽣺͹콾ϴսס
ò˵ʥؾʥأûˣҲȲ̵̻
е𣿡
Ҷǳ̲סʵ
ǿҲǿǿ½ǿ
ȻУϰȻ˵
Ҷǳʱ
漴ҶǳһżӣһʯʵĹ̨ǰڷƷֱһʯӡһϽɫ񹭣Լһɫ޵

Ҷǳɴ۾
Ȼû˵һӵ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ĴɣҲֻһѣֻʥʥزӵ
һѹһ̣֮ǿ൱ս½ϵ
ϧûһѽҶǳ漴ЩʧҡҡͷǽǿߣȻϣõһѽ͵
Ǻǣ˲ҪйһЦ˵ֱӡ񹭺𵶣ⷭӡǵһһλʦרƳʩչʮǿսӡõģҲ˷ӡԺ߶ӡԺǿ
Ҷǳһϲû뵽Ȼд˱ǵʺ
񹭣һλʵƶɣ˺ѵأƲ񷡣
𵶣ǵһһλʦƳģ½޵֣ѵҲ˱Ϊ𵶣ǵеǿߡ
һһҶǳЩ
Ҷǳ̲ס̽ץӡһֲϯֱֻ۶ˣǰϼʱߣȻ˶Ҫ
ǿķӡЩǱӡ𣿡Ҷǳɴ۾תͷϡ
ϿЦһԺĴ˻ᶪʧΪ˰ȫŲǿķӡֻеȵﵽʮһս񾳽磬ƿӡ
ô˵ڶֻܿˣҶǳɫѿ˵
û˶ãһˮͽʵ̫ˡ
ϰοˣһҲ룬ھʹŵȥôڵʵܹס𣿿µʱ򷴶ɱ֮
ƥﻳ˵ҲԡҶǳ̾˿ǿԼתߣٴ
ˣȻãǵһ廹һʮǿս㵹ǿ
ʱȡһ飬Ҷǳ
Ҷǳһдţӡ֡
ʮǿսеĳӡ뷭ӡӡս
Ϊʮǿս֮һⳤӡ϶Ҳǿ󣬵ҶǳȴûжȤ
ϣҲ֪ʽⳤӡܹȵϷʽ𣿶ңһ˷ӡⳤӡ̰ವӣͷŪĸսֻͨרʽͷӡ
Ҷǳ˵
ϵͷЦˣ˵ҲеųӡʮǿսͬʮǿսӵлصǿųӡȴǿӶ˵Ӷǳ¡
ʲôȻҶǳˡ
Ҫܹ˵Ǿдˣһ˽սʱǶˣͿóӡӶ˵޸Լƣⲻǹ͵սǸ͵ս
ҶǳʱȲش򿪳ӡۿ
ЦվԱߡ
ãҶǳһ˵һųӡսǰҵָ;ˣѧųӡԺ˾ͱݻҵˡ
ңųӡԺҶǳܵصƣָܺܿ
ųӡĹҲЩаһӡУʵ̫ܻܿᱻҶǳӶȫʱ˾ʣһ߸ɱʬ壬ǳֲ
ȻҶǳΪսаͷѾ˳ӡݣ׼ʱս
ԱѵˣսЩֲаȻɣսǧܴȥ
֪ˡҶǳ˵ͷѾһŷӡȻٰѳӡȥû֪ǵһгӡ
ˣҴȥһ漴Ҷǳ˺Ժ


1047 ս
ĺԺֻһӣˮɫɢŨеˮ沨ϯ
ľ컯ˮ
Ͽǰĳӣ̾Ϣľ컯ˮҲֻʣһˣ϶ܹΪս񾳽硣
ʲôˮôҶǳϲ
ս񾳽磬ǿһżһ̤磬Ǿ½ϵľ۸ˡ
ңҶǳһλһﵽ˾ս񾳽磬һʮս񶼲Ķ֣ʮһǵս񣬼ʹ򲻹Ҳпӵߡ
ǿߣ
ľ컯ˮǵһǰռľҩƶɣר˵ġ
ҡͷϧԴǵһ֮ľ컯ˮԽԽ٣ֻʣһݣҪϲ̤ܰս񾳽磬ֱӰ˽ս񾳽ġ
ûϵЩѾˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ѯ˰ľ컯ˮʹ÷ֱһŶʼս񾳽硣
һŶİ£ҶǳΪ˰սԲ磬ڣľ컯ˮս񾳽硣
Ҷǳĳľ컯ˮԽԽ٣ȵһľ컯ˮʧʱҶǳ͵۾һĴȡ
𣡡
ȣһǿϢҶǳϱϯ˷
۾һЦŵͷϲ̤ս񾳽硣
ڴﵽս񾳽ˣ
ҶǳһԾϣԼڳŵǿ˷ܵ˵˵ʥĴˣһǾսҲﵽ˾սΪѾѷɫˡ
ˣ룬Ǿʹشˡɫʥɲǵһû䣬ӵгԽɵԴǵĴһǾս񾳽硣
ս񾳽Ҳֳڡڡڡ۷塢ԲǺܿǾս۷壬ǾսԲ㻹ҪΪ̫࣬Ȼͬ׿⣿
ŰϵѣҶǳ˵ͷжʱٽ
˿ԶС壬Ҷǳ˹ȥ˵С壬Ϊ̫ҿ㲻ڵһðҲָܹ㣬ҲʮŶ
֪ˣҶ硣С˵ͷҲ֪ԼڸҶǳֻҶǳ
С廹˵Ҵﵽս񾳽磬ҡ
ţȹʱ䣬ٽѩ㡢һҶǳЦ˵
ţСЦݣʱҲܾûмѩ롣
һԵİЦ˵ˣģһúý̵ġٺ٣һצһˣҲǵһ塣
˵գϻóһƶҶǳ˵ˣƵƣ㽫֮ԺɽһˡһʯΪһ廤ɽֻ̨Ҫܳƿصһ塣ڵʵһʯҪﵽʮһս񾳽С
ˣ
ҶǳҡҡͷЦҾ֪һ岻ô׵õȻҪǿˣܵõһһС
ҲΪ룬뿴ھ͵õ˵һһУôʦҪѵһ彻ʦţͬ𣿡
Ц˵ڵʵ̫޷ʦţʱѵһ彻㣬Ҳкô
ҲԣҶǳ˵ͷһˣȻǵһĴˣվǲ̵ĵӡ
Ҷǳܾʹ˰Ѳ̣Ҫһ壬ξܾ
ңҲûʵܾ
ǵﵽʮһս񾳽磬ǾͲһˣʱҶǳʵһʮս½۷ʱ򼴱ǲ̣ҲҪһˡ
뵽ҶǳҲͲپˣðȥ

ʱٺĽ庮ĳһѾһƬˡ
˵Ŀ⣬ٺĽ庮
ߣһֱ뿪ҲֹϾ˭ҵʥ
Ľ庮ܵĿ
ԪûпҶǳзǳǣ̲סʵ庮Ҷǳôˣ
ԶħĴϼЦ϶콾ɱˡ
Ľ庮˵ϣҶʦ˹콾Ѿ˵һĴС

һΧһƬš

ҶǳõһĴУڳˡ
˭뵽֮ǰСǸˣȻߵܵһĵӣΪĴӮңõ˵һĴС
ֱһ漣
ԪĲ


1048 ͻ
һ嶼ˣ
Ҷǳ֣һ̱ؼԺΪǷǳúҪ쳹½
һλ𣬻һλӵ𣬶õ˵һĴС
ЩϢעҶǳվ½۷壬Ϊ½ķ
ááá
ԪЦˣ֮ǰҲû뵽ҶǳȻܹߵ󣬳ΪӮңõһĴС
ǲӵ˵һ壬ǲԺȡһ壬Ϊʥһʥء

Ԫ˷ܵĴЦ
ԶһšášħɵĴϣһʵؿԪмиǴ׺ݵɱ⡣
ʥʥѹͷϣѾЩˣԺڶһ̣ǵӻҡ
Ͼݾộһµʥ𣬿϶ɵ棬ġ
ʱŵĴϣõĴսԼħĴϣǻ࿴һۣӱ˴˵пһĨ⡣
֣ϲˣǲ׬ˡһĴƤЦⲻЦ˵漴µ뿪
֣ϲˣŵĴҲԪأ漴ҲµѸȥ
Ԫ۾뿪һֲõԤС
ʱǳҶǳûôֻ࣬ǽͭſ
Ľ庮˹к
ʦ㣬ҶʦܡҶʦô콾Ķ֣ŵ˵ڶҶǳҲûһ㼵ʵˡ
˾ڱԼǿһˣҶἵʣǶڱԼǿܶˣǾֻʣĽͳˡ
֪ҶǳĻ˹콾ôпܾͻΪ̵ĺļ̳ˣĽ庮ҪվһνĪ
ˣôʣֻܺúðͽˡ
ϾҶǳõ˵һ壬ӵ˵һһУͽҶǳ˵ܵõһô
Ĳ˵˵һڵĶ˭֪жٶֱˮ
Ȼ
Ľ庮Ц˵콾ѪֱҶʦΪһļ̳ˡ
ǹ콾أôûг
Ľ庮Կͭţüͷһ壬ҡͷҲаڣǹ콾Ҳˡ
пҶʦֻҲ̫׾ˣǰȻһֶûУһΪֻ޵вεţ˲ЦﶼЦˡ
ߣǼһɧ֪ϻĽ庮ԣɵһԼǰεȰ˵Ҷǳ˳϶һΣҶǳǺ޵ҧгݡ
Ҳǵ͵ɣڨڨϾ𣬿ɲĽ庮ô˵Ҷǳ
ʱһЩֵ˿ʼɢȥһЩҶǳ
áźħλϣҲµλ𣺷ʯݡħҲˡ
ƳһۣĽ庮ЩħļһôߣѵҪһ𣿡
ЦĽ庮ҡͷЦһлɽҪǸᣬǾ
ҲԣһбȥᰡֻҪ㲻
Ͼʮһǵսʮǵս񣬶޷ƵһĻɽ
ݣ
ڴʱͭǰâһҶǳӰ¶˳
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ˹νĿ
ǾҶǳ
ͨһˣ֮ǰ˭뵽Ȼߵ󣬴ĵӣֱ󰡡
һδҲ̫͵˰ɣƭˣ̵ʦֵ֪ܶʵ

۷׷ס
ҶСӣԪЦŷ˹ȥ
ڴʱзͻ䣬źõĴϼͬʱ֣ʩչɱУԪ
ǡ
Ԫðɣһʱγؽһ񷣬ɵĴϼս
ʱħĴѾּһ󶦣Ҷǳ棬Զһ塣
һĻ̫ˣšħõλϿ϶ѾˣסԪʣµһץҶǳϵȱ
Ҷǳ
Ҷʦ֣
Ľ庮ɫ䣬ҲЩֲû뵽ɵĴϾȻݣҶǳһ֡
ȻѾˣǾҲ˰ɡŵʯһЦĽ庮ɭЦĽ庮û뵽ɣ
ϻˣɱˣ°ܽһ˿ɵвõһЦ
һħħҲһɱؿĽ庮
ֱӱŴˣԼˡ


1049 
ŴħʯݺͷֱȶĽ庮ɫޱأɵĴϲݶҶʦ֣ܳѵͲǲ̵ǰԺҲǳ𣿡
һһϱǿ߶ϱǿߣ½Ĺء
ȻزģѾΪǱˣʥء
ڣħźɣȻΥأ̤˵ߡ

һЦؿĽ庮ɭ˵Ǳ𣿺Ǻǣֹ򣬱̤ƵģǰأаնԸǣҶǳСӵʵЩټõ˵һĴУѾݲˡ
ݲҶǳݲǲ̣ʯݿĽ庮˵ǲ뿴̳Ϊʥأ
Ľ庮ɫһ
ԭǸԴ
ӵ˵һ壬̺пܻΪʥأášħǲ˼ݶҶǳֵԭ
Ѿƽ״̬һΪʥأֻɵĵСġ
ѹһʹŵߵô죡ԱߣȻ˵
ħֺҲһֱ֦ͬ
죬һʹŵ˲̡
ȻҲϣ̻Ϊʥء
ǣֲͲ̳׷Բѡ뿪ħֶԸ̡
һУĽ庮鶼ɫ֪һҶǳ϶׶༪ˡ
츳ǿҲҪΪĲ࣬Ҷǳܹеùħλʮս񼶱Ĵ
ǿ½ľǿߣ
Ľ庮Ѿûʱ俼ҶǳˣΪħλѾɱ
أ
һ棬Ľ庮ͱĵɳȥߵֱ
֣սǳֲ
죡ӡ
Ľ庮һʩչӡǾ޴ӡЯſֲŶ
ߣסǣĽ庮ͬʱһѾָȵ
ʦ㱣أȭͷջˡ
û֪Լʵ̫ͣﲻĽ庮ΪĽ庮ۡ
Ҫ׷𣿡ıӰʵ
ʯߵһ벽𼶱ķ׷ʲôɱĽ庮˵
ħû˵ֱɱĽ庮
֣ƵĽ庮ҿѧ˷ӡʵȻͱ˸ɱˡ
ʱ
һ˵أһóռ䷨ּϢ̡߲
ҶʦˣϣʦܹסûӦÿ߰ɡ뵽
ʱڿռ䷨ּϢ׼ǰһҶǳһۣʱסˣܡ
ΪۿֻħץеĴ󶦣һɫȭͷ˲ˣǿλħĴ϶ɳȥˡ
ڳҵĹâУһӰڰС
ˣȻҶǳ
⡭ôܣ
ɴ۾š
ǿħϣʮս񣬶һһʮս񣬾ȻҶǳˡ

ʲô
ħĴҲŵصŲԶҶǳ
ʱҶǳһս˸ͬһɫ棬˫ޱȵ滹ҪϬ
˻Ȼﵽ˾ս񾳽磬ôôǿ
ħĴѾҶǳΪЩ⣬εţһ󾳽磬ҲĶְ
ɱ
ҶǳɱŲϻȻԷ˼ɱȻ顣
ݣ
ɫľ񽣳ҶǳУʩչռһɨȥռ䱻˺ѿҵĽâмǧôֱѵء
ۣ
ħĴȫֵȴɵסռķâһ壬Ѫ硣

ħĴҶǳеľ񽣣ͫһɵ
ͬʱѵҲָ
䣡
ҶǳֽɱϵսҲͷų貵Ĺâֲ֣Ϣƴеľˣϯء
ӹ콾սףҲһ
Ƕ
ħĴϵҶǳϵսף۾ʵĺˡ
ħĴϣΪֹҲûһʮһսʸõĿǰûʸ
ڣһȻӵҪǴȥЩʮһս񶼻ἵʺĽ
ҶʦֵʵȻǿһ
Զ鿴һĻ𺳡
ΧɱĽ庮ҲһĻʱ˵۾ӣɳˣһе˼飬Щš

ֻиԪĴЦء
࿴ֵˣڴ˿ʧɫһ֮С


1050 Ϊ
찡ҿʲôҶǳȻѹħϴðƻôô
ħҶǳ̫ǿˣǲ󰡣ȻӵսѹܹõһĴС
ǷûУҶǳΪѾﵽ˾ս񾳽磬ˣܹħĴϣҲǳ𺳣һ

һ嶼ˣֱҶǳõһĴлҪ䶯
һ󱲻ħĴϣǶôĵһĻֵˣޱȣ⾫ʵһĻ
ħǣȴһҶǳȻôǿԺԶһɡ
ôܣ
Ҳɴ۾˿̶ǹĽ庮ˡ
ʯɫսȭͷԶħϼҶǳһһɴܸС
ͬεţһôס
ǰڵһڣȻҲĽ庮ҲֻǱĽ庮һ㣬Ľ庮ŷӡӮġ
ʯţֻҪԼɷӡ֮һĽ庮ٲҲܴƽ֡
ǿҶǳչֳʵ֪Լѷӡɾ磬ҲĶ֡
˵ʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ
ͬе޵š
ڣȴһԼǿĶš
Ҷǣ
ħ۾ҶǳԷʵԤϣƺҪԼܱܵǲˡ
ܲġ
Ǻʧ
ֵĽ庮ʹشЦˣʩչӡŴħ˴֮ʱǡ
أ
ֲǿֵȴǾ޴ӡɳȥ
ȻûˣҲǱ
Ľ庮Ҫɱ㡣һ񹭣һɫļʸʱգɱĽ庮
䣡
Ľ庮ʩչӡӭȥ飬޴ӡƲ
߰ɣˣʯҧгݵ˵漴źȥ
ħһ۲ԶڼŹħϵҶǳҧҧҲֻòĵ뿪ˡ
ɶ񣡡
״Ҳֻܳˡ
Ͼ˭óҶǳȡʤ顣
һҶǳӮˣôڴ˵أѰ·ˡ
Ǻǣʹ𣿡
Ľ庮ߣЦһŷ׷ȥ
ǣŭ
Ľ庮׷ħʯݣƫƫֻ׷һˣ۸𣿻Ϊ֮һ
¡¡
Ľ庮ʱ
գѪǳǱˡ
Ľ庮һսסλħ𣬲һһλԭǼҫ۵սƽʱѾһ䶯ݡ
ڳ˵Ŀ⣬һս
ǱҶǳħϵս
Ҷǳֳ־񽣣ֱӴλħĴûƢһɡ
˶ޱȣڶ˹עĽ庮Ǳߡ
Ҷʦܣǲѣһˡ
Ľ庮ҲߣɵһЦ
˿ҲһִܸС
ոջ𣬴÷Ǳ˷ܸУһӾʧˡ
ŲԶչɱħϽڽڰ˵ҶǳĽ庮һηԼȻΪ˱˵ġ
ߵ˹עĽ㣬ԵĿ
ڣȴͬ·һ㣬ΧֵûʲôͬڿҶǳڴչ
ʱ˿̣֮䣬ֻʣһ˵Ӱ
ǾǡҶǳ
ԭ֣ͨͨѾӡ˵ԺУΪ˿̲ĥ䡣
ݣ
Ȼһҫ۵ļʸƿɱϮҶǳı
ҶʦСġĽ庮ȡ
ʸˣλõĴϡ
ǱɣԸһСһ˻͵Ϯֱ޳
ԪһŵĴѪɣǰȥɱõĴϽڽڰˡ
䣡
ԶҶǳʩչӡɾ͵סôһɫû˿仯ֳž񽣣նɱħĴϡ
ۣ
ħĴϣһαҶǳһ壬ɫҰףѾ˲أҶǳĿ⣬Թ߷ߡ
ħĴϣݵľǿߣȻһСǱֱǳ谡
ԤϣһսȥҶǳ϶ݣȻҶǳ̤ʯ
ħս壡
ħĴŭţʩչУԼʵҶǳƴˡ
һ˲䣬ȻĵסҶǳĹƣҶǳγ˶Գ֡
û˿˷ܣΪ֪Լ״ֲ̬˶ãһʱ䵽ˣԼʵ½ĸʱĻҶǳĽ¡
ԣиһ֡ӣ


1051 
𣿡
ҶǳħĴϻԼҪߣʱĺһ
˺
ֲռڶ񽣵£ǰδеǿ
ҵĽâƲգλħĴͷ롣
ѪȾ˰ա

ħĴϲҺһ
ܿ壬һ룬ʵ̫ˣǵŲԶ࿴˵棬Ժôˣ
ʱ򣬿϶
쿴ǸҶǳһħϡ
Ŷ˵ҶǳǱӣαҶǳ롣
˵ҶǳǸ°ܽ𣿡

ħλܹԤϵ콫ⱲӶϴˢĳ衣
뵽ҶǳĿԽԹɱ˵ĻҶǳѾһˡ
䣡
Ҷǳʩչӡħĳѹ
ͬʱҶǳֳ־񽣣׷ɱħĴϡ
֮⣬Ҷǳ𣬱鲼գΧգҪλħϵ·ضϡ
ɱ
Ļ֮УҶǳֳ־񽣣һ޵ս˫Ŀⱬ䣬˺Ѳ񷣬ƥ
Ľ£ħλԽԽңȻûӵõ
Զս˶ˡ
ɣλħĴҪҶǳ
ʵ̫ˣҶǳҪɱһλɵĴϰ
ҸоݶҪˣһս֮Ҷǳֽ죬£ֻеʥĴ˳ѹס

ֵˣһ𺳡
ǵУҶǳֵʵ̫ˣӳɣҲֲ̫ˡ
Сӡ
ԶڴսôϺŴϵĸԪҲߵʱο֮ɫг첻ѡ
ǲһ˲õˣټϵһ壬ǲעҪǿʢˡ
ԪˣŴϺõĴȴˡ
ħĴУǿɲ뿴
Ҷǳı֣Ǹܵ˾޴в
䣡
ŵĴϺõĴϻһۣ漴һ֣Ԫˡ
ִһǣԶħϽȳһԶ
ɶ񣡡
ԪܵıӰʱŭ
ҶǳҲ̤նɫؿܵˣеľ񽣻ڹâ˸ɱȻ
ϧˣվǱħĴϸˡ
ôϺŴ˵Ĳֻ֣Ҫٸһʱ䣬аջɱħλϡ
Ҳûй︵ԪϾԪֻһˣסλͬȼĴϡ
ҶСӣصĹǸʦһϲϻζƭˡ
ԪҶǳЦ˵ʲôʱﵽεģ벹ʱҲֻǰ벽޵жѡ
ʦҲ̤硣ҶǳЦ漴еľ񽣣ϵսס
ԪЩĽؿһۣЦҶСˣҪ֪ҵڶûһʦҲǰòŪһСȴĶˣղŵڹƶСӵĶˡ
ʦǹ콾ɱˣȻҵˡ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ŸԪ˼۾ʦˣһ嶼ҵˣһ
ҶǳǸԪЦԪʦΪϵܺãҲչˣһʲô
Ͼӵмʮ
СӲ˵һˣڿǵһĴˣһǵһķݶǽˣԺҪҡԪҶǳȤ
ҶǳЦģˣֻһʲôʱʮһս񾳽磬ܽƵһһУڵңֻһ˰ˡ
ŶǾЩ鷳ˡԪԣʱüͷΪҶǳôУǲ̾ͻӵеһ塣
ڿҪȵҶǳʮһս񾳽磬ǲ̴˰õһ塣
˭ɱͽ

ڴʱһŭĴ
һ̣һɿֲĽ˺Ѳ񷣬գֱӳڵһϿա
ʦ𣡡
ҶǳϲؿϤӰ
Ϊˡ
һԵĸԪŵΪƲƲ죬ЦҲ̫˰ɣͽͽʬˡ
ʲôΪ̤նźҶǳɵɻ
̴Ϣ֮ѸٸϹġ
ڿҶǳƺѾ˶֡
ʲôȻͽܴչħһλϣȻʬ𣿡ԪѵóһΪȻǿЦġ
ΪѾ֮С


1052 ع
Ҷǳ˶֣
ΪкȻ̴Ϣʱ˵ҶǳħĴץߡ
⣬úŵĴҲ׷׳ֶԸԪħʯҲΧĽ庮ƿνǷǳ
ڣͽҶǳȻħĴϣƵúŵĴߡ
Сʲôʱôǿˣ
Ϊ𾪵ؿҶǳ漴תΪϲЦɵúãҵͽܣ
ʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳıֳԤϡ
˵һĴУĵӣħĴϣνһս½֪
ΪΪҶǳʦȻҲɡ
ʦͽһǲ̵ĸʮһս񼶱ĳǿߡ
һ𣬶һе𣬽˺ʥܹҶǳ
һʦͽԻΪһμѻ쳹ݡ
ϼһӣӶˡԪƼΪЦĺܼʣ̲סЦ
˵ǵΪʹЦˡ
ϣǲǸˣǼȻ˺ԸҶʦܣҵǽƤԸ
Ľ庮˹˵
Ҷǳ΢΢Цʦģڵһû˿κεҡҪ֪Ͽƿŵһ󷨣ҸղҪԼɱħĴϣѾϸˡ
ԪЦŵͷҶСǵһĴˣԺ󻹻ǵһķλؿԣڵһҶСȫġ
ˣҲûȥˡ
Ϊ˵տҶǳʵ˵һ𣿻ʲôƣ
λ鲻׽һƿȨ
ϾҶǳڻС
ȻҶǳԾҡͷʦֻеҴﵽʮһս񾳽磬Ҳƿصһ󷨡ڣҳ˵õһЩ͵һĹս֮⣬ûеõе˷ӡֻеҴﵽʮһս񾳽磬ܽ⿪ǵķӡ
ʲô

ΪԪĽ庮Ƕ֮ɫ
һɿֲѹáźħɣ᲻˼ԴСԸҶǳ
Ҫֻ֪һһ𣬳ΪĴɡ
ο
ɵÿһңҲֻһѣֻʥʥأӵж
½ǿȻٶãȴѹ˵
ˣķˣҪǵõǲ̾ԿԳΪʥأһȡ֮ʥȼ硣
Ԫ˫ȭ˵
ΪȴҶǳһۣͽܣƥﻳȻõ˴ԵͬʱҲΣħɣǲڣĻԵ鲻ѣҪ׼СĽ
ҶǳΪ˵ͷȻЩҪȻĻһһķҲ᲼÷ӡƵֻдﵽʮһս񾳽磬ƿس׵һ塣
ǵҶǳСʱ򣬱Щ̰ߵһ塣
ߣǻȥϢ߽һἤѵġԪЦһ˻֣гһս뿪һ壬زǡ
ΧֵˣҲʼɢȥ
˵صϢȴǵ뿪𽥴ݣ½
ʱ½޶䶯ˣݣҶǳ֣һӱе֪
ǿͷΣҲҶǳͷϡ
ȻҲ˾Ĵ˸ֻǻûгˡ
˵ΪҶǳĵӹ콾̭ɵ𣬶˵һĴУʸųơǿ
֮ô˵һҶǳ޷͵ˣּǼΪĤݵĶ
ϱҲ𺳣ϾҶǳħĴϣʵѾϱ߲ˣҲֻЩʮһսĳǿߣܸҶǳ
ʮսǣѾҶǳΪԼͬȲεǿˡ

ǡ
Ԫս䣬Ҷǳ֮
ҶǳɱͽڴʱһȴӲڴ
һ̣һֲĽâޱ貵ԣǳս
Ҷǳ۾һУĿ⣬͸գһӾͿǸֵˡԽߡ
һﾹȻӺڰԨˡ
Խߣ㵱ĳ𣿡
ΪоⱩǣŭһȣеĽѾӭȥҵĽâɨ磬ԽߵĿֲһԵ˻ȥ
䣡
ԶԽߵ¶һʮһսǿϯǣͬ١


1053 Ծ
С
Խһ֣˫ĿԹضҶǳɭȻ֮ɫ˵ϴɱҵͽܣһûˣɱһӣҲɱ𣿡
䣡
ǿƴӰԽϱݿһѹҶǳͬһսٽ˴ըڲս
һ˲䣬Ҷǳ͸о䣬һɿֲİԽ⾳·ͬĦ˹֮ͷϿա
ʱҶǳѾͬ°ԽƳǿ̹Ȼԣû˿⡣
ǿռҶǳţһĽƣӭİԽƸ
ߣ
Խû뵽ԼƾȻѹƲסҶǳɫ΢΢һ䣬ˣٶ
䣡
һΣΪֱӵҶǳǰŶİԽߣԽߣ浱Ҳ𣿡
ΪҪҾһս𣿱ˣô㶼ҵ°ܽ
ԽЦǳǿƣֵ񽣣ƥķâƬش˸ҽӽ
Ľ庮飬˿̶ò˺ЩֵסԽɢĳǿơ
ҲֻΪԪԼҶǳ岻޾Խߵơ
ǿҶʦܵʵ𣿾Ȼʮһսƶη塣Ľ庮𾪵
иӾηҶǳˣʣµһ㼵ʣ˿̶ˡ
еģֻоη

˵صĶǳ󣬼Ƕˡ
ԶЩ̵ĳϣв̵ĻҲв̵ĵӣӰ
ǰԽߺΪ
Խ߸ղ˵ʲôһҶǳɱģôܣ
˵ҶǳȥһĴһҲȥˣƺûпһӻ
֪˭õ˵һĴУ

ΪҶǳǻ磬Ҷǳõһ崫еϢûд
鵱ϢʱҲֻǲִ˵Σգû˵ҶǳõһĴУľͲֹΪһˡ
Խߣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ˵Ҷǳɱһӣʲô֤ݣԪ˹Ϊ粢磬ŶİԽߡ
Ԫһʮս񣬵һȥûķݡԽȴЦһм
˰ԵҲǺųưԽˣҶǳüͷ
㡭Ԫŭ
Խȴǿһۣ俴ΪЦ֪ʮһս񾳽磬ҪһսԱϴ㵱걻һܵĳ衣ãҾ͸ᣬɡһ㣬㻹ûб»סҶǳС
˵գһɳ죬ڲϿա
Ϊ
Ԫ״æΪ˵һһ蹷˭ҧ˭Լȥ裬ҾͲҰѲǴ򱬡
Ϊȴǰ˰֣ϵİԽߣս죺ϸ㲻ȰˣһѾ˺ܾˡһսұҪӦ£˭Ҳ޷ֹҡ
˵գ̤նϣҲŲϿշȥ
벹ǺԶϾʮһսʵ̫ǿһڲԻء
һ̫嶯ˡ
Ԫս˫ȭǵؿ񷡣
Ҷǳ˹Ц˵ʦ㲻õģʦӮˡ
㶮ʲô֪ԽжǿȻҲһܲˬһʵǿһǹϵģȻҲôˡԪƳҶǳһۣ̾
Ľ庮ȴ΢΢ЦϣûмǴĻǰԽ߿һֱںڰԨҲ˵Ѿѧϰ˷ӡԽȴûѧϰԣս˭ʤ˭һء
ǲǰΨһһӾץסص㡣
ҶǳҲôΪģ֮⣬Ϊһڷӡġ
õķӡ飬һ鴫Ϊ
ҶǳͣӡʱٶȻ졣
ʦΪȴʮһս񣬾籾ߣټ飬Ǿ绢Ѿѷӡ˺ܸߵĳ̶ȡ
ʱҶǳһڴؿսԼʦġ
һսǰԽһΣʦΪҪݡ
˵ȻӡʮǿսõӡʱҲ࣬Сɾ磬δܹսѹưԽǼһ
ԪЩֹۡ
䣡
ʱһӡ£գǲ񷣬ǿֲܣĩյĺˮû硣
ǿİԽߣӡ棬һֻϣѹ

Խ߷ʵŭ
һӡ϶ѷ죬Ѫˤ
Ԫɴ۾ŵؿһĻ


1054 Խ
Ƿӡ
Խ߾Ȼôһ
Ԫˣ

ƺսŸոտʼ
ԪһЩŵ˵һﲻѷӡ˴ɾ˰ɣŵõӡðһֱڵ棬Ҳʱɡ
ҶǳٺһЦǰµ飬ΪôҲпԭˡ
ϾΪʮһǵս־磬ҲͰѷӡɾˡ
ν˾ս񾳽磬ҶǳԼķӡҲܿҪɾˡ
ȿȣ
߿УԽѪΪɫӡķӡȻ˴ɾ磬һҶǳǸСǰˡ
ԽߣλҲΪ˷ӡɣͽƴʮǿսʵ㲻˼м壬һ㳤𣿡Ϊŭȵ
ԽЦӡΣʮǿսǲ̣Ϊ̵ĸȫʸѧϰСʲôϵ
޳ܣΪŭһٶʩչӡޱߵӿȣ˷Ƶһ޴ӡʱŰԽѹȥ
Խ
Խɫһ䣬ȫԼİԽ߶˼£һֲţƳ˷
Ȼ֪ΪķӡǿȴˣҲԸˣӲˡ
İԽıһǰİԵսޱǿƣԽսԽǿһ˺ƱˣİԽҲͲơ
ԣ֪Ϊķӡǿ󣬰ԽҲֻҧӭȥ濹⡣
䣡
޴ӡЯſֲޱߵǿյһ̫ǳƿգĦ費⣬ݺݵԽߡ
ҹ
Խŭ˫ָ߾٣һ񽣣ʱ˺Ϊһ壬ֱ񷣬գƺҪǷӡ
¡¡
ӡײһʱһɿֲˣƴе磬˷ϯȥ
䣡
·ǶһһƬĻ籩赲档
Զһɽڵ飬·ĩ٣ء
ʮһսĿֲ
ҶǳȻϴδչħĴϣʮһսԶ
οǰԽߣΪʮһսеٮٮߡ
Ϊǵ츳Ҳǰ벽Σ츳һɾʮһսսǷǳֲġ
ǲ
߿УǱ޴ľѣΪķӡѹ£ԽߺѪɣߵѺۣ֮
ƶڰԽ˵ֵһᣬܿ壬Ϊս
óΪȻƾ跭ӡռϷ磬ȴκβ˰ԽߣǵʵǺܴ󣬺ɱ˴ˡ
ֻǣһǿƥİԽ߱ΪѹŴ֮࣬Ҳе졣
ԽԸҲ֪˶ˣϵϻµӣûһϲġ
ǰԽֻ̭ڿΪѹŰԽߴ˶ڽкãһֻ
ΪҪɱ㣡
ԽǺεΪҲ˵Ľкܹô죿ô˽кãܹȫɱ
ʵ
û̽ͻһˡ
ԣԽֻܷɱΪΪһжΪĳ衣
Խ
Խߴ𣬻ȼҵĻ棬һɿֲš
Խߣ֮ͬд裬㾹ȼԪ״ɵŭȵ
ȼգΪ˰֣ɫĮؿԽߣҲð档
ȻҲȼ
һս㣡ΪЦ
ô걻Խѹƣϴˢ裬ᱻԽ߷̣
ΪҾɱ㡣Խߴһǿк

һͻȻ
һ̣һ޴ӡ֮ѹΪͰԽ˶ѹסˣѹڲĴ֮У޷ѡ
ӡҶǳһ
ǽԪȴ˿
ҶǳȻԭǽѹôǿ
ֻǣƺҲŵõӡûãȻͰѷӡ̶ֳȣ±֮Ҳ˰ɡ
˵ѾﵽʮսγʵȻֲ
Ҷǳип
ΪͰԽôǿǱ֮ѹˣûʲô


1055 
̵ڡ
ҶǳԪĽ庮ˣ߽һ¾ɹӵĲãΧԶһλλ̵ĴϣһЩ
̵Ľڵǰ
ʱΪͰԽˣҲ̽˳ϥڵԣλڲ̽·
Ҷǳ߽ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ǿȥ
̽ѯʵһôĽ庮Ҷǳ˵Ƕտˣ֪˭õ˵һĴУ
һڸͳҲţΪԪǻĿ죬ԵһϢûд֪ϢϴҶǳǽʮտˡ
֪ҶǳҲһλϢʱкܶัʹϣڰҶǳĿЩȺ͡
ٶȳһλǺܸˣδǿʢˡ
ʣ϶Ľ庮õ˵һĴС
˽ѯʣԽֱӿ˵Ľ庮õ˽洫һܹʤҶǳСӣżǲ̶ãܹտˣҲΪ͵õ˷ӡȡɵɡ
һ򲻹ΪȴֱӱҶǳ̫Ľ庮Ľƨ
ǰĿ⿴Ľ庮λӣǰΨһȷܿأҲǼ
ʦ𡭡Ľ̵ȻǿŵʯݣĹ콾ʥ٣ǿࡣĽ庮һ˵
˰֣Ц˵û£ʥ½ô꣬ĴӮǣڶᣬ֪Ц󣬲ӮҡһʥĴ˶ǿأˣʥĵǱһɳġֻҪŬδһᳬԽǡ
˵ĲԽҲһЦ˵庮ۻ룬ܹŵʯݱԶ׼ֻҪŬδﵽĲҲǲܡҶǳСӣ̫ԶˣԺԶָ
һ
Ϊ͸Ԫ뷭˷ۣ԰Խ߳ˡ
ͬʱЦǵȻԽ֪Ҷǳ˵һĴУ֪θ룿
ⲻĽ庮ԽߵĻɫһ죬Щؿ˰Խһۣ漴Բ̽˵ȻûеõһĴУҶʦȴߵ󣬳ΪӮҡ
ʲô
ôܣ
ΧЩԭڿϷĸǷ׷ɫһ䣬һĿ⣬Ҷǳ۶
ֻҶǳͬ죬ѾЩǿʮսʮһսĿˡ
ߵ˵ʲôԽߵɴ۾Ľ庮
ûĽ庮˵һԵĸԪ㳰ʲôˣεĵһ崫бǲ̵ҶǳõˡУ˵ĿȡɽտˣػħĴħǻɱĵӹ콾ǿ̬õ˵һϿɣΪһĴˡ
ˣ
Ϊ𺳵Ŀ⣬Ȼ˵ǰãšúħֶͽҶǳ֣Ҫ֮ǰɱǵ͹ͽܵʵħĴϸǱͽܸǱӡ
ⲻܣ
Խվ˻ɫޱ
һ̫죬Ҳ̫ˡ
޷һС
ǶĴ̫ˡ
֮ǰΪΪͽܶôԺôѵһӶΪǰͷ
İ
ڴڵˣ˿̶һ𺳣̵ĽЩԾؿҶǳ
󣬲̽Ľ庮Ŀ֮дѯʡ
ȻҲЩЩʵԡ
ⲻɸԪΪ˵ѣʵЩ̫ˣЩš
Ľ庮֪̽˼æ˵˵ûҶʦܵȷħĴϣúŵĴϾԮλħĴ϶ҪҶʦܸɱˡ
Ľ庮벹̺ܶˣټǲĵӣ˵ˣԽڣһ˿ˡ
ֻǣʵǷǳ𾪡
ɱӹ콾
õһĴУ
ħĴϣ

Ҷǳսֱ̫ˣڵڵĸʹǣ׷׶ҶǳƺǶûԤϵҶǳȻô
֮ǰǿ˰
ЩܺڣΪʲôûȥҶǳΪͽΪ˱ˡ
ܺãǲڳһ˲õˣʥ˿⡣
Σ̽ӦҶǳһ͵˵


1056 
ΪһͽܰĽ
һα˼ˣҾӦóְҶֶ
Ҷֶһ˲ţνĲһ˰֮
һ˹ʺˣ

Ļº󣬵ڵĸʹҲ׷׿ڳҶǳԼףΪ
ΪʱǾԶ¶ĽĿ⡣
ΨаԽһˣͬ˲ӬһܣŤˣƸոĴ㡣
ϸŰԽ߿ͻᷢڲ˫ȭգҧø֨죬ڿΪҶǳʱĿ֮͸һ˿ɱͷߺޡ
ʱ˶ںΪҶǳк˭Ҳûں
ðԽ߸еޱȷŭԽߣһʵڼλжǶһһõĻ飬ǱӵĴڣʲôʱ˱Եˣ
˵Ŀ⣬ΪҶǳϣ̸ۣûж࿴һۡ
ΪӣҶǳһŵӣԽͻȻ˵ҶǳȻѾõ˵һĴУôΪǲ̵ӦϽһ塣ˣ˵һҲóɣЩڿƿصģǽɡ
ǳǿ˵һӾ͸ǹ˵˵Ļ˼ž
Χĸʹǣ˿Խߣٿ˿Ҷǳû˵ˣܾ
ȻԵһĴУҲ֪ξһЩ˵УҲЩ̰
ǿǵһĴажټйսأ
֮ǰǲΪҶǳûҿڣڰԽ߼ȻˣȻֵðԽ߶ǰ棬ΪҶǳʹޣҲֻʹްԽߣûκιϵ
ڰԽأΪУڸҶǳҲУȻں˵ķŭ
Խߴ˿һ֮ɫЦؿҶǳ˵Ҷǳô˵ˣѵ㲻뽻һĴУģҲҪ̰īĻԵ㻹ǵһĴˡǼѹ˵ĴɱʵƿزˣӦýɣǲ̲Żǿ󡣵ȻҲװ׽ģ϶ܴĽ
ЦźɭǱƺ˵ǵⰡСӵõ˵һĴУҲҪҹԹԵؽߣ
Խһֻӡ
Ϊ͸Ԫҧгݡ
ҶǳǺ򶨣ʵڽʱıûбǳУȣðйۿˣ̾ѡ
ѹֿԻĵӣԣͷǳ
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ҶǳĲһ񣬹Ȼõ˵һĴУҰ֮ǰһԣҵȷǵһһλˣ̳һ塣
ϹĩʱһһηΪ˷ֹһ崫жϾһֻеȵһĴ˴ﵽʮһս񾳽磬ʸ̳еһһС
ڰԽ˵ǼҲˣӡˣֻеҴﵽʮһս񾳽磬ƿǡ
Ҷǳ˵Ĳɫޱ򶨣ĸʹǷ׷׵ͷޡ
̽ڿҶǳʱҲ͵Цݡ
ǰԽߣͬһСһû˶࿴һۡ
ðԽߺܲˬֻ۾䶢Ҷǳߵô֪˵ǲģҲǲ뽻һıԲűݻأ
Խߣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ΪȥˣݺݵصŰԽߣͽƴõĵһ崫УƾʲôҪɣǲ̵Ź棬ҵɴ۾ָŹһдҪµӽǸõĻԵ
˵գóһ̵Ľ̹Խߵס
ߣ
ԽһһεҹĽ̹棬ŷŭΪ˵Ϊ˭˵ҶǳѵһĴнҿ˵Щģûҵ˼ָʱƹܡҪ֪Ȼ츳ڳɳڣħƻضԸӵŵһĴлܰȫ𣿡
Ϊһѿı飬Խкʹ죬˵෴ҶǳѵһĴнɣħҲû˿˼˵ҲкôȫسɳδһﵽΣΪǲ̵һνҲпܣʱЩ𣿡


1057 λ
˰ԽߵĻΪҧгݣ֪Խںǿʶ
Ҳ֪һĴ̫ˣⲻΧĸдǣĿ˸ûпڰ˵¶ڵǵһĴС
ЩǵЩǵǶ
еһڵĸֱԴһ󱦲أôܲ˶ģ
ƥﻳ
ھԵǰЩʹǸոջҶǳףΪ˵ͻᷭ
ԣΪ֪ðԽ߼ȶȥˣõĸʹһ𿪿ڣôǲ̽Ҳ޷˵Ըˡ
£ΪվԲ̽˵ǲ̵Ľ̹ʦү񣬻ûиĹһȺһСƴõĻԵµӼﲻ˵Ҳеĺ
û˵Խֱ߱ӴϵҶǳʦ˵Ϊ׳Щͻĺĺ𣿡
ġ
óһı϶ĺ
ҶǳˣԺôڲ̻죿
ϣǾ͸ˣΪôıｻȥ˭ĺ
㲻ĺ
϶˵ѣʵп϶ɺ޵ҪҶǳԺڲ̸֮ˡ
Խߵն˼һɡ
ǣڳĸʹǶԵһı˼ʱȻδػ侮ʯȴҲҶǳ˵
Խߣұ죡
ΪŭȵͬʱԲ̽˵ҲҪƿصģǲΪͺ˵ӵġ˵ףδ˵ģһӵгΪǱֵԶһ
ͣԽԼЦΪ˵ףʵǲͽܽǼΪʦ𣬵ʱ϶һֻҪ̵ѣ˵ôûʸʲô
Ѫˣ˵˵ΪŭȵԽߣˣķӡͽҶǳ׳ġͽд˴ͣ㻹ҪĻԵ㻹˿޳ܣûޣԺ㲻Ҫ˵ҵ޵УΪ㲻䣬Ϊ˵ʸûС
㡭Խ첱Ӵ֣ȥΪսһ
ΧЩǣȴһ죬ǲˣҲ˷ӡⷭӡȴҶǳ׸ɵġ
һҲǷҶǳһ顣
ΪŭԽ޳ܣֺγָǣ
£Ƥĸ㿪Ҷǳ˵ˡ
˵ĲӵĻԵȻڵӵģǲӦýᡣ
Ҷǳдͣθǲǲܺġ
ȻҶǳͨ˿ˣõ˵һĴУôһӦģıҲᡣ

ЩڰҶǳ˵ˡ
Щɿ֮ЩǣҲվҶǳˡ
ǴƣȻЩҲԽΪεһ֮Ҳʸӡˡ
һʱ䣬Խ߳˹¼ҹһվǱˡ
Ⱥ
Խ߼״ҧгݣаЩʹǵʮ˴ʺһ顣
룬ӸᱦǾȻӺȣǰ׳գ
ƾβģʱҲ޷ҶǳĻԵˡ
̵Ľ˿ڿˣҶǳЦ˵ҶǳһƾʵõģôһȻҲ㡣Ҫסˣ㲻ǵһĴˣǲ̵ĵӡˣȻѾʵôӽ쿪ʼҲʸǲ̡ԣҪעУʧǲ̵ϡ
˻һ˲ɵɫӡ
ĺҶǳˡ
Ȼûиʵʵĺôһ̣㽫ҶǳݳĽ庮УһڴϺ͸ˡ
ǰҶǳδˣĽ庮һۣڲ̵Ĵˡ
⣬δĲ̽¾֮вˡ
ǣ
Ҷǳͷ
Ϊ͸Ԫɵ¶Цݡ
ΪһؿԽߡ
ߣ
Խŭغһֱӷ뿪ĴȻûˡ
˶û뿪
Ҷ֪Ϊǳλˣǻ˰Խߣͽܶδ̽
һʦͽڲڵȭƣѾﵽ۷壬˲֮̽⣬Ѿûܹǿˡ


1058 ĳ
̵磬Ϊס
ҶǳΪ͸Ԫһá
̸ղŵ飬ԪŭԽߵԽԽǶˣȻɱһӣҪĻԵֱ޳֮
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦʦҪǼʣԼͽûеõһĴС
Ǻǣͽ˵ĲԽߵȷǼˡΪҶǳһοЦݡ
˵˭㰡ԪƲƲ
ΪЦ
ԪҶǳɫ΢΢Щص˵ʦҲǺͰԽ˺ˣԺҪСѱһﲻṷǽ
֪ˡҶǳ˵ͷøԪѣҲСİԽߵģϾɱ˰Խߵͽܡ
һ㸵Ԫ֪ΪҲ֪ǰԽȴ֪
֮䣬л͵ء
ͽʱ㲻õİԽǼһΪ΢΢¶һĨЦ˵Ǽһңһܲģ϶Ǿƾ跭ӡӮҪҸطúñչӡʱڿɲȥ鷳
ԪԵͷȷ˵ԽˣһΣӡ½¸ɣǿߣѡչӡˡ
Ǻǣ˵ҲȥӡˣõĻҲԳһ³ʮһս񾳽ˡ
Ԫ˵վվΪҶǳк뿪ˡ
ҶǳĿ͸Ԫȥ漴ΪʦҲˡ
ţʵҲˣΪʦ㵣ġʲôҪΪʦæģ㾡˵ΪЦŵͷǰͽǳء
ǣʦ𣡡
Ҷǳ漴ǡ

뿪磬ҶǳصԼڲǵӣӭ˾ӡ
ʱľӣѾﵽս񾳽磬ţҶǳ󣬲ɵ۾һҶ֣
Ҷǳ΢΢Щ죬ӣǸĹˣ͵Ǹս½޵еľӱһЩŮζһЩǿơ
Ҳɵģս½Ψһһ̤ŽĳţһһˣȻҲֶµ޵ơ
½Ȼ츳ǿŶǣˣ޵֮ҲͲǰâ¶ˡ
ʱľӣһλŮӢۡ
Ҷǳ֮΢΢ʧ
ôʲô𣿡
ӿҶǳֱ㶵ضԼɵһ죬Щֵ˵
ûûʲôҶǳæҡͷĿƲӵڣѯʵһ˳ѩأ
ǹҲˣ΢΢һЦ漴һмл͵ЩˣˣҲôͽս񾳽硣
ǺǣҪٴθлˡҶǳԹһЦƷȡŶݸӡ
⡭ĪǴ˵еĶӴŶȻ۾һ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦŵͷǶǰһЩԵȹ֪ˡŶӦÿԴﵽս񾳽磬ߡ
أӦøҪⶫɣֵ̫ˣҲաӽҶǳ
Ҷǳ˰֣ЦⶫѾûˣϸĻͻᷢѾ͸ҵΪˡ
ţԣɵ۾һɣȻ͸ҶǳΪˣǴҶǳɢǹ޵ƣȴܵ˺ܴѹ
㡭ĪѾﵽ˾ս񾳽磿ӵһ𾪵صҶǳ
ս񾳽磬ǰս񾳽ǿߣҲóΨоս񾳽ǿߣ۾
ǣҲ̫˰ɣ
űչضãеʮʱҶǳҲô찡ΪٶҲֲ̫ˡ
Ǿ仰ȹ죬ͻ֪ҵˡҶǳһЦζõһĴУħϣԻ䶯½ӵʱ֪һˡ
߽ӣҶǳ鿴һѩ˵״̬ǵȷҪˡ
£Ҷǳûм뿪һֱȴѩѡ
ԭʮŶСʮţָ˾ţʣ¶ʮš
ʣµĶ׼ѩ롢ë˷֣һţ㹻ǰΪһˡ
ҶǳԼЩս½СǻǷǳģʵǿˣȻҲϣЩСǵʵøһǿ
νһ˵õȮ졣


1059 һͬǰ
ҶǳǵĻع飬һϢҲݣΧ䣬ձȻᴫ½
ʱڣݸض̸۷ӡ̸Ҷǳ̸۵һĴС
Ҷǳǳ׳ˣֱ½֪˲
ֵһǣÿҶǳ˳ǸҶǳǱӵħϡ
λħĴϣߵĶչˣڷģ׼Ժһسӣʱڶûˡ
Ҷʦ֣лָ㡣
Ҷʦ֣ʵ̫ˣû뵽㾹ȻԸҡ
Ҷʦ֣Ҫӡ

ǣҶǳסһȺ̵ĵӣӸ˳ȥ
ʱŵһϢһ̵ĵӣݷҶǳеҶǳָսеĴģǳҶǳ
һЩŮӣҶǳĿֱӸʾĶУֱ̫ˡ
Ҷǳǣ·ϣŮӳײȻ˵ԼǲСײȻȥԷ
һҶǳײ˼ʮˣҪЩŮӲǹģǰ׳ˡ
֮£Ҷǳֻö棬ȥˡ
ǣȺӻˡ
󣬻Ǿӳ棬һˣȺӸˡ
Ǻǣ
һ죬ҶǳЦţӴһЦݵҶǳʱغߵ㻹ЦóҶΪĹܼˣⶼǵڼˣ㲻ԸˣˣڿѾΪв̵ӵĹˡ
ҶǳЦЦӵɫԽԽѿæε˵ѩҪˣʱҾͻ뿪ǣҲˡ
ӵɫźÿһЩ漴ɻ뿪ǣ׼ȥ˵ҲóȥˣѩˣҾ͸һȥʱǵʵҲȥҿպһˡ
ţսڣѩǷ˶Ҳﵽսڣ֣ȷȥҿպһˡ
ҶǳԵĵ˵ͷ漴˵ңʱȥ׼Ȼһ˱ǣӹ
ȽӻҶǳ׼ǰһ壬ѰëǼһ
ĸƭ𣿡ԺиһӰʱһ
ҶǳٺһЦս½ġ
Ҷ֣
Ҷ磡
ʱڱչѩ׷׽߳ӣǿҶǳ˶¶Цݡ
ģ
Ľ㣡
ѩҲԾӴк
ҶǳǣЦŵͷս񾳽磬ǰЩҲˡ
˵գҶǳóŶֱ𽻸ѩ
ɴ۾š
ѩȴüͷع죬˵˵Ҷ磬ҪչذⶼˣҲټչˣġ
ǰʵҪҶǳĽŲŬġ
ԼѾﵽս񾳽ˣҲټűչˡ
ӺѩǺýãȻ֪ѩ˼ԱЦ˵û취Ҷ̬㲻չأͻᱻ˦ĸԶǿ»֪Ѿӵ츳һɵħһλ϶ˣѾﵽս񾳽ˡ
ʲô
ҵ죡
ѩ뾡Ŵͣ˶ɴ۾𾪺Ͳš
ս
ǲ̵ĳҲѡ
οҶǳħĴϡ
ħѩģһǲʵ൱Ķɡ
ħĴϣʮս񼶱ǿڡ
һǿߣȻҶǳˡ
Ҷǳʵжôǿ󰡣
ѩ뱻ˡ
ѩ㲻õˣķѲ㼸ʱ䡣
ĿɿڴˣҶǳЦ˵
ѩһϲϾȥ˵꣬ץסܻȥˡ
ŶҶǳЦֵܣлˣҲˣѾ̫ˣҪٲûˡ
˵꣬Ҳȥˡ
ѩսڣһء
ԭҪȥҿպġ
ڵ֪ҶǳҪȥǽѩǿҪ£ǱһҶǳǰǽ
ǵĴ󣬾һδεĴͣڵִ˱诳ǣֻ׼诳Ǵ͵ǵʱȴִʧˡ
ƺǱߵĴѾرգ߱ݻˡ
Ҷǳüͷ֪Ƿʲô飬ȻһǳصĴǺεҪôأ
Ҷǳóռ䷨ּѯǳĴСԬκ
ҵܵȥˣǵңϾȥ诳ǡԬκյϢϾͻһ䡣
ҶǳЩģǣǳˣ᲻ǣ


1060 ˵
Ҷ֣ʲô𣿡Ҷǳռ䷨ּɫЩԣʱʵ
˵ϵҲԴ˿Щġ
ҶǳƺһЩ飬ʲôԬκ˵Ҳǲ̵洫ӣͬʱǳĴС㡣
ԬκλҶһͨս벹̵Ľ𣿡ѩԺ
ҶǳЦŵͷôܹȫشǣҲǶǳշ
ǺǣҶ磬Ҳ̫ģǳʲô飬ҲסġѩЦŰο
Ҷǳ˵ͷֻȴôΪȻڹƲǿս񾳽綼δشõڵ׵Ĵڣһʲô飬ѱʲôΣա
ңԬκ˵Ǹܵܣƾս֮йһİСªԬ˵Ļþǳ츳ʵ֪ﵽʲôز϶Σա
뵽ҶǳüͷǵǣʲôܣҲ鲻ѣ֮һܼҡ
Ҫ֪ǳҲֻһսѡ
ΪҶǳֻһֵһϡ
񡮵ӦûҪСطɡ

һݺ诳ǵĴһԬκӴ̨Ҷǳ
ԬʦãҶǳҲѩӭȥ
Ҷʦ֣ԬκҶǳǿЦ£漴˵ϲҶʦֵõһĴУοǺ䶯½ҵڶЩţû뵽СطȻ߳һ
ǺǣԬʦùˣ£룬ҸǣѩãǾģѡҶǳǻܡ
ǲ̵ʦֵܣҲûôİܿͱ˴Ϥˡ
Ԭʦãǳʲô飬ǰûһϢ𣿡˻ʶ֮Ҷǳɵʵ
ԬκЦãȸ·ȥǣ·ٸϸ˵
ҲãҶǳ˵ͷ
Ԭκ˵ȥǣǳؾȻڸ·
Ҷǳûڱ򣬿϶ԬκϤ·õġ
£˳תǰǣ˿֮Ҷǳóһսǰǡ
սϣԬκҶǳʱһֱ֪飬ǰѾͨռ䷨ּѯҸףŵ֪ҵܵԬѾ˳ս
սҶǳ¶ɻ֮ɫʵѵ뵱
Ԭκ˵ͷߴǳصĳЩ⣬ֻϵӵܷܲսҵܵԬȻױҸźһѪԵȻսҸ׵ʸ񡣡
Ҫ㸸ױˡҶǳ
Ԭκҡͷûô򵥣ҵܵԬһɢޣƾʲôʵսҸףҲǼ˲̣ڶ̶ʱڴﵽս񾳽磬⻹㵱͸ҵĵҵܵԬѵҲ˶ɣǡ
ҶǳһԬκܵѵ˵ǵ֮ǰܼңƺǺƿǡ
ԬκߵһЩ˵ˡ
˵ҶǳЩɻؿԬκ
Ԭκ̾Ǳһ˵ǹڱġ˵Ǳߴǳһ޴󷨣ػĶ󣬱ǱĹء
ҶǳԻȻ򣺡ҪƿǣҲΪ˱ĹأѵбĴУ
˵ģȷбĴУ
ԬκЦɲΪ˱ĴУǸĴС걱ɱʬڱĹ޵Ĳǿ϶ҪõĴС
ҶǳһǱǳԽս񾳽ĵ
ĴУѹˡıôꡣ
ֻǣһǳս񼶱ĴڣΪʲôֵܹôꣿ
Ҷǳеɻ
ԬκߵΪǵĻ󷨣ǱߴǳصĻ󷨶ǵ걱ǰõģһλʦ˵½һʦҲΪ֮ԣЩ󷨵ǳֲʮһǡʮǵսǣᱻɱҶʦǵһĻɽ
ҶǳԵһô㸸׼ȻƿôĻ󷨣˭ܻս
ҸǵΪƿػ󷨣ֻ󷨵Ҹ׵ѣһҵܵԬ˳ͻˡ
Ԭκĵھ͵ҵܵԬˣҪҵܵԬΪǵ³̶Կƻ󷨣򿪱Ĺء


1061 ִ
Ҷǳ˿𺳣Ȼ뵽˵ʱһ顣
ʱ˵ˣⱱߴǳصǱǵ߿ǳ֣ߴǳصĵλãҲͬһжɵġ
ʱͻߴǳһ޴󷨣ֻʱҶǳСô޴󷨡
ڣʶ˲ǣʶ˵һ壬Ѿ֪˵Ŀ¡
ԣߴǳػпǱõ󷨣ĹؿҲʵڣʲô˵
ЩҶǳûϵڵõһĴУǶԱĹûʲô׷ֻҪû¾ͺá
ҶǳѯԬκҡͷѾˣʹڽεʱǣһǡҵܵܶóôʱҸףнң¶ᱻ
ҶǳüͷһһϷŰؿԬκԬʦʦҪҰæ˵˵¡
ҶʦˡԬκæ˵Ҳûô룬ңҶʦʵǿ󣬵ǳսǲ˸ġΨһܹģҸ׵ҵܵԬսֻǲ֪ҵܵԬʲôΪ
Ҷǳ˵ͷɫصĻҪСˣıô꣬ҹǻ뾡һа취ܵܵΪ
ΣҶΪҲá˵õĴС
ԬκҧǵôߴǳضǿŻ󷨵ıȶ档һû˻󷨣ƾ豱ǵʵºܿͻᱻ̲ˡ
⵹ģҶǳ֪Դ࣬ǳֻս񣬿ǳصĳҲôܵס½
Ȼǿɣˣ㸸˵սʲôʱʼ𣿡Ҷǳѯʵ
սѾˣԬѾΪǳɲٽǣȻԬû׾ܻɱ
ԬӦòʶ˵ڳӦˡ
Ѿʼˣ
ԬκҸ׵ҺҵܵܵİΣûн¸ǡ
Ҷǳɫһ䣺Ļȥǣ
һԵȴǿ˵Ҷ֣Ԭʦõ˼ˣ׼սµĳֻҪӮ˵Ļµĳ
Ԭκ˵ͷ˵Ҷʦ֣ǲýǣֻҪջͽǾˡҵĳСϾҰ˲̣ҲģҲҵʵǿԬ
ΣգһвԬҲ·һҶǳɫؿԬκ
ԬκЦԬҵˣԬ汲ػĹأҲá˵óѡ
ðɣǣߣɱ㣬Ҿڳ⣬ǸҳһҾɱһҶǳߵ
սѸʻܿͿΡǡ
ϤĳǳأҶǳЩпǵõһ˳ʱжô𺳡
˸ΡĲǣǸҲͲˡ
Ҷ磬㵱Ǵ½𣿡ѩԱ˵
Ԭκʱɴ۾ҶǳҶҶʦ֣㲻ǱˣСģ
ףԬ㲻֪𣿡ѩȵؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦԬκ˵һս½С磬Сͨͨ½ѩǾǴһͨġңǴһͨģͨһλս񿪱ٵģѾҸݻˡ
ʵ£ҪЩѾҪЩˡ
СΣ
ݵһǻħϵһǿߣС磬Ҳû˸˵ʲô
ʵҪġ
̫˼ˣ˵СˣΪкܶȱݣҪϵΪͷ㡭
ԬκȻһŻȻؿҶǳ˵ˣѹ㵱ܾ벹̣ԭΪ˲ֻвֲΪȱݡ
Ǻǣ˵ĲҼ벹̣ȷΪ˲ûвҲҶǳЦˣϲô
վס֮ʱرգ뿪ͻȻһȴǵĳŴ
һ̣һ׵ʿڸ߿УסҶǳսǰ
ҶǳĿɨȥЩʿһɫսϰλÿһ˵ʵǳҪǿԲǵˡ
ȻԬκɫһ䣬æ˵Ҷʦ֣ǲǵˣǲôս񡣡
ϻǳֻսôӵôս񼶱ʿ


1062 ԬҶԹ
ϰλսɫףֳֺɫǹƸޱȣһֱľӡ
ֻǣǵΪ˵ǲǵľӡ
ңҶǳ͡˴νܹЩ˵ĶʱܵϢ
ҶǳĿ΢΢һԬκµûȷСǿڳ⣬ֹǡ
ÿǼȻǵˣѵʶ𣿡ԬκǰɨźǰϰٸڼʿЦ
Ϊ׵һڼʿԬκһۣ˵ԭǰγǧ𣬿ϧ㸸Ѿ³ˣݿûʲôô
Ԭκɫ䣬æʵԬҸôˣ
æóռ䷨ּϢ
Ȼռ䷨ּûдѶ
ԬκɫһƬҰס
Ԭʦã侲㡣Ҷǳ̾˿ѵ
Ԭκҧҧ˫ŭصǰĺڼʿǸҸԬҪս
ߣΪ˭˵Ҫսս𣿡Ϊ׵ĺڼʿмؿԬκһۡ
Ԭκͷŭʱԣͷйˡ
䣡
ԬκսŭһǺεȿ£ǰĺڼʿ˲ͱ䱬ˡ
󣡡һλڼʿȵ
ʱϰλڼʿһ󣬽Ԭκסˡ
Ҷǳ۾΢΢һУȻƾһٶս񣬾ͰԬκסˡ
ȻԬκʵҲֲ˶á
ֻǣҶǳɲȴôʱ䣬ϾԬѾΪǵĳ֪ôܵģ
ǣҶǳԱߵ˵ͷ
ֻǣû֣ѩѾȳ˳ȥ
ǺǣЩεЦЦ
Ҷǳ˰ֵѩѾսڣûʲôս飬ҲԶԸˡ
ȻĻ£ǳȥѩѾڴɱˣûжʲôֱһһڼʿֱ޵С
ҶǳûʲôȣΪ̫ˣԱġ
Щڼʿֻս񣬼󷨼ӳ֣Ҳֻǿս
ѩѾսڵΪ֮Ĳ̫ˡ
ѩʦã̫ˡ
ԬκҲѩʵסˣʶѩʱѩŲսѣΪδҲ̫˰ɡ
ٿ˿룬ɲľӣƺЩʲô
ȻЩ˵ΪҶǳйء
뵱ҲҶǳһս񾳽磬ȥһЩԵŴﵽս񾳽硣
Щ˸ҶǳϵܣôҶǳ϶Ǻܶʵ
οҶǳõһ壬˭֪浽жԴ
ԬκҲЩĽˡ
ſˣ
ȻҶǳ˵
̧ͷȥȻŻ򿪡
ֻǵĴŴվӰһ˴һźߣҶǳһӾϳǵսʱйһսԬ
Աߵˣһɫսңһȫ¶ں֮УȻǡǿߡ
ңǵΪһǰսһǾս
ڡݲ͡Ҷǳ뵽
ʱԬ˿һصʬ壬ɫһ䡣
վʬϿյԬκԬɫԬκ㲻ˡ
Ԭ㵽װѸôˣԬκŭȵ
ԬߵģǸϼһûɱһĥһӣҲܽͷ֮ޡ
㡭Ԭκŭôôվ㸸ף
ǺǣףԬõԼϵĺߣ¶һªס
ѩһæҶǳ
ԬָԼªףԬκҵĺô㣬֪ĵһ仰ʲôǸ˵ûħáȻͰҵһˡΪʱС֪һʵǿ󣬳ĵһ죬Ҿǵ̸
ÿѩҶǳ󣬵˵
ҡҡͷǵļ£
ԬκŲԶŭԬϵķŭʧˣ̾˿˵ԬΣĸסң㵱ĶµĻӦ֪ĸ׵ݣҲǵġ㡣ԭҪɱģվ²֡
²֣ԬЦûǸĸ׾ңͱħ޸ˣΪˣҲǽһΪǷȻܵĥѣҲûз裬ҵĳֻ㸸һˡǽĸ׾ȹҵķϣֻҪⱲӲ̤ǣҾͲԸǡ
ԬҪҸױҲܱ˸˰ǵĿΪ˱ĹأһǴĿģǣ򶼻ꡣԬκ˵
ԬЦǸʲôϵĸ֮⣬ûһ˶ҺãڣĸѾˣôҲûʲôˣ᲻꣬Ҳûһϵ


1063 벽
Ҷ֣Щƺʶ㰡
ڽ̸ԬԬκҶǳԱߵ˵
˵ҶǳڻõһĴ֮Ѿ½ˣ˲֪˲Ŷԡ
ǰ⼸ʶҶǳ϶ɵѣˡ
ʵԺǿǱߵϢһЩο⼸ıĹأһֱǣ˽ϳȻҲ޷ܵϢ
վҶǳԱ˵
ðǸȻǡʱ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷ˵

ԬȻִԲֻսˡ⣬ԬκųſڵԬ˵
䣡ԬųԼһǿϢĿӵؿԬκߵȰ㻹ǹԹԻزȥԺûǣһɽҲС㡣Ҫսңҿɲˡ
ս񣡡Ԭκ𾪵ؿԬ
ԬŵЦս˵ܹôս񾳽磬ҪлءΪ֪˲̣ʵǿԲŻѾ޴۰Ϊ
ԬκҲ㣬ûüֵҲûдڵıҪˡ
СѾͷɲŶԬԱߵĺɭЦԬȻܵܣĸ׿ǡˣҲǡˣôܻһܹҵĹأдͣܵǡصʱﵽ벽ζδǲܡ
ԬκʲôΣǴԲҹﵽ벽޵вΣѾ̤޵вΣΪһΣʲôսңԬһؿԬκ˵
ԬκȷԬĶ֣츳ΪԬһͻᱻԬܡ
£ԬκתͷҶǳ
ʱԬڿʼҶǳˡ
ԬһЦЩڲ̵ʦֵܰɣϧȻǡ˿òвҡ
վԬԱߵĺڼǿɨһĺڼʿʬ壬ȻĿɭؿҶǳˣǡˮˮǺôĵӣ¾ǡˣ˵ղ˭֣ǵ죬Ǳ˳һǲ̵ֶΡ
ѩҪȥȴҶǳסˣ㲻Ķ֡
ɣ˳ȥһŵ˵ȻҵΪһΣսҲ
ãСģҶǳ˾һۣ漴˵ͷ
ԾӺģϾǵս½ĵһλ̤Žĳš
ˣ½ҲΪߡ
οڲǰҶǳѷӡڸ˾ӡѩǡ
վӵ츳Ӧ԰ѷӡž磬ԽսӦ㹻ˡ
սڣ
ž߳ڼЦһսΪս޵вεţԼģΪԼԽս𣿡
䣡
ڼ˵ͬʱҲ˳žɱ
̫ЦˣΪֻͨİսǰ벽޵вΣѷɫһ㣬Ϊѹƣһɱ㡣ڼЦ
ৣ
֮䣬һ˸˺ɫĳìʱ͸գɱӡ
ȻЩɫìڽӽΧʱ˲ʧڻˡ
򣡡
ӵͺһһƬɫϯڼֽȥ
һĻ˶Щֲ
벽𣡡Ҷǳ΢΢һЦӹȻûʧȻ̤˰벽ΣټΪڲӵһϯ֮ˡ
ǰ벽𣡡
ԶվԬԱߵĺͫһɫ䡣
أ
˲֣⣬һƳžӵľȥ
ǡ˻ô޳ܰԶپˣԴС𣿡ҶǳЦ̧ƣֱӺȥ
䣡
ȻֻҶǳһƣȴСһƬѹΧĿռ飬ֱֲӴݻ˺ߵƣݿһغϣѪɳȥ
㡭ȿȣ㵽˭
ŵصҶǳ
Ǿս񣬾ȻԷһش˵ʵֲ̫ˣǡĴˣҲ˰ɡ
䣡
ڴʱԭڼӵʬ屻˳߳˾


1064 
Ű벽εľӣɱ˺ڼӣⲢʲô˾ȵ飬ҶǳԵúܵӴк
ϲ̤벽𾳽磬ȻȥͿԽˡҶǳЦŶԾ˵
Ʋ㣬һԶء
˾ӵĻԶĺͫһֱš
ǰ벽𣬶ԶԶˣô˸жôֲ
ѵ
ǣ̵֪һŮˣĽ庮Ŷԡ
֪˭
ͻȻſڵԬ۾ҶǳԺ˵˽ҶǳǵԬκһμս벹̵ģ˵ʱܾ˼
ܾ
о
ǡѾĻҪѵ˵ãȻܾǿŰ
Ҷǳڵʵоɲ⣬Ҿܾˡ
ȻڲǸ̾Ҷǳʵʱ򣬺ڱҶǳش֮󣬾ϳȥ
ɲҶǳ¡
ϧӵ̫ˣûӽǣ㱻Ҷǳ˲ƹȥһɱˡ
ս̫ˣ
Ҷǳ񽣣ҡҡͷ
Ǵװ13
Ҳڵʵܻħʮսˣټ϶֣һսĶ֣
˫Ĳ̫ˡ
㡭ʵôôǿ
Ԭɴ۾ŵǰҶǳ
ս֮УҲҶǳ֣ʱȻҶǳĶ֣໹û
ڣҶǳǰ϶硣
һս񣬱ΣȻͱҶǳƮƮһһƻɱˣʵֲ̫ˣǡҲҲˡ
ԬҶʦֲǰ󶥼ɵڿ˵ǿħĴ϶ˣΪķܸҶʦᲢҿ㻹䣬Ҫٱ˸ˡ
ԬκȰ˵
ǿ
ԬоҶǳĿ֮Щη̲ס˺󼸲ֱԼڣŰ˿
ֻҪڣ˵ʲôǿˣʮһǵսˣҲ塣
Ҷǳǵļ£ûκιϵȰ㻹ǸϽ뿪ҽǣǵĻɱ㡣Ԭ˵
˵꣬ԬֿԬκߵҶǳҲֻһˣû취μӳս㻹İɡ
Ԭ㻹ҪִԲѾˣĹأҲûʲôϵαΪˡ鷳Ԭκȵ
Ԭҡͷ˲̣¡ѡȴҵֻ·һ
ǰԬκæ˵ֻҪǣҲκβ㡣
ԬЦΪǰȫҲ¸ǣҲ˻˲̣Ǿ͸ˣҪɱңҶ㵽ﶼûá
Ҷǳʱ˵Ȼǳ˭ɱ㣿
мӣԬ
ԬκŴ֪ͣ˵Щʲô
ҡͷ̫ݶˣԬ֮ǰãԬǾɱԬԬĺӣӲɱˣӡֻҪԬҵѪͲûȡǵĳ֮λ
ɶ񡭡Ԭκŭҧгݡ
ҶǳɫĬԬ֪ԬıĲȻĻȫԷЩãԶ߸߷ɣҲδܹҵõ
Ҷʦ֣һҪҸףҡԬκʱȻҶǳǰ̧ͷϿҵ˵֪Ҷʦб°ΪҶʦԸһΣԺҶʦֵģҶʦ֣㡭
˵꣬ͷҶǳĽ¡
ǣҶǳѾһѽ
ԬκҶǳ˼ţҪԬκԬҪԬκΪսս񾳽硣
ĻԬ޵вεţԬκҲܹԬˡ
ֻǣҪԬκս񾳽磬ҪŶ
ҶǳȻڻʣʮŶҲ˽ģʮŶ׼ëġ
ȻԬκĹϵëԶˡ
ս½ҶǳһʶѾëȻȻҶǳĿеĵλҪ
뵽ڵҶǳûҪԬκһѣȻôȳ
£ҶǳóŶԬκ˵ȥɣǻΪս񾳽硣
лҶʦ֣Ԭκ𾪺˷ܣ漴ȥһˡ
ڣԬɫؿһĻҲϳ˶ּƷжʱ


1065 
ǣ󴦣һâߣ̨
Ԭ֮߳󣬱ӡ˴
Ԭ˵̵ҶǳˣΪ׵һ߿Ԭʵ
ԬʲôΪ
Ԭ㻰ҪԼݡΪ׵ĺȵһǿϢʱ
䣡
ȻʱһɿµѹϿѹƵ߲ˣȻ
Ԭվԭأɫ򶨣˵ҵǳھǣҪ˵ĸһЩ𣿡
ڣлڣκˡ
Ԭ㡭һߴŭ
ˣΪ׵ĺ߰˰֣ɫؿԬ˵ôˣ˶ǡĴϣʮս񾳽硣
ʮս񣡡
Ԭüͷ΢΢𣬳Ԭκ˵ˣҶǳħĴ϶ˣ˿Ҳֻħϲεģôһʮһսǿ߹
ͣΪʮһսǿǴײ𣿼ǡҲ࣬ǸԼ飬ʱһЦ
Ϊ׵ĺ߿Ԭ˵ʮһսܵĹע̫һǹͻɣʥصĹעһʹ˱ĹأҲδܹõĴСģҶǳȻ֣Ӧˡ
Ԭ˵Ǻãھڳ⣬ǳȥɱɡ
ԬҪΪǳͿǡӦԸ⣬ʱһǳһ̲סɭԬ
ԬؿɭȻ˵Ųɱ㣿
㡭ߴŭ
ˣΪ׵ĺߴһ漴Ԭ˵ãھͳɱҶǳ
ȻڴʱһããӰϿգԬ˵Ԭκս㣬չأڿʼ㽫ӵгȨ׼ʱ䣬֮սʼ
˵꣬ããӰʧˡ
ʱԬɫΪԼҲ޷ƿǵĻˡ
ԬղŲǺܿһԿղǸǰͷųԼϢѹԬڵϣͷ󺹡
ס֡Ǹס֣Ԭŭؿǰߣҧ˵ŲھɱԬκԶΪҵҪǻܻܲ߳ǡ
ˣΪ׵ĺԣæַԬ
ղǸߣҲٴ̼ԬһԼơ
ԬɫҸղſҶǳ͸ԬκŶΪôҾ䶨ˡ
һղǸ߲м
Ϊ׵ĺɫص˵һӵһöҶǳõ˵һĴУҲ֪õ˶ٿŶԣǰΪҲܿͻᱻ㳬Խ
ԬߵͲҵˣǡ˼ңǸҶǳܣԺ¶ٿĹˡ
ǿɲһΪ׵ĺһЦԬ˵ʱ䣬Ӧ㹻ɼƻˣΪԷһʱ䣬ҪǾʱ䡣
ԬüͷһѾҵ취Ĺ𣿡
㲻ùܣֻҪɣԺˡΪ׵ĺߵ˵
ɣߺߣԬЦһתȥ
һ߿ԬıӰɭЦһ￴ͦģӦòµǲŹ
ںһСѣʲôˣǿ߰ɣʱ䣬㹻Ǵ򿪱Ĺˡ
Ǹ̵Ҷǳô죿
Ȳùȿ˱ĹغɱҲ١

߶ʱ뿪㳡
ͬʱҶǳһˣҲǡ
ԬκԬս֮ǵĻһʱϿˡ
УǰããӰʧԬκתͷҶǳ˵Ҷʦ֣ڿʼԬѾ޷ٵǵĻˡ
ʱѾﵽս񾳽磬ʵѾĻԬˡ
ߣȥҿҶǳԵ˵ͷ漴Ҵҵ򽭼ҡ
ЩİΣ
Ҷʦ֣ҾȥˣҪסʱڣ㲻սĻ󷨻ֱĨɱ㡣Ԭκѵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ҵȥϡ
˵꣬ҶǳʹѩǸҡ


1066 

Ҷǳһ˸ϵʱ򣬷ֽſɭϣһѪԴҶǳһʱ򣬶׷ó
Ѫ
Ҷǳ
ҶǳǰһӼͬʱڡ
ǽѪѪͳ죬Ҷǳء
Ѫû£Ҷǳ˿漴æʵѪأû°ɣ
ڸڣҴȥˣôˣǳزѾԬ𣿡ѪɻؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦҸԬκСһģѾԬսˣò˶ãǵĳͻԬκˡ
ð˵Сһ˲̣ǿݶɣСڵʵ϶ǿ󡣡Ѫʱ˷ܵ
漴ֺؿҶǳʵ֪ڵΪﵽʲô磿˵ǱȴС㻹Ҫ
ǺǣȽȥɣҶǳЦЦûлش
ѪҲûж룬ҶǳǾͽ˽Ҷǳ·ʵԬγѾһʱˣѵûжԸڳʲô
Ѫҡͷ˵Ҳ֣ԬΪ󣬳˽ûжԸǳڸ塣ܼҪûԸǣԬ£ڸ嶼ŴڼҲ֪ʲô
˼ҶǳЩȡ
ԬǸˣСԼĸײˣĿ϶Ťģ˳Ӧû񱨸йŶԡ
ڿԬγ⣬ʲô鶼ûе㲻ϳ
Ҷ
ʱ
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥͽҼһɵ¶Цݡ
磡ѩҲЦظк
ЦڿһˣһΪԺҲˡ
ھӣƲͷû
Ҷǳǣε˾ӣѵս½׼Ҷصע⣿
£ҶҲذ˵Ҷǳжʱһ١
ѩҲڰСӣٺ٣˭һս½ôסҡЦ
ӣҶǳԭһ㵣ǣʱתΪ˲ˬɵתͷѩѩʲôΪ
ѩһ㶣ƺû뵽ҶǳѯԼϾԼΪҶǳӦһŶԡ
ѩæ˵սڣҶ㲻֪𣿡
Աߣʱɴ۾ŵؿѩս񾳽磿㡭㾹Ȼﵽز
ҼнѪǣҲһ𾪵ؿѩ
СȻôǿ
ս񰡣򣬹ƶҲһս񾳽ǿߡ
ǺǣҲﵽսھ硣ܴ֪ҶǳҪ˹¶һԼ첲ϵļ⣬Ц˵
㡭ٴεɴ۾
ȿȣԱ߿һûпֻǵ˵ѩոɱǸڼʲôΪ
ѩʱҲʲôЦ˵Ľ㣬ǡһսǿߣ׾ٵˡ
ˣȺһﶼǿˣֳԼǱ߰
ɵÿҶǳ˵ҶǶôǿˣأ˵ɣѾ𾪹ˡ
ǺǣȰ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺãҶѾﵽһĵز˵ˡЦ˵
ҹͱ½ҵһһᳬ㡣ߵ
ˣȤˣ뿪ǣҾͰһʱΪܺܿ׷ˡҶǳ˰֣Ц˵
ʱ˫Ŀ⣬Ҷǳæʵһ壿ʲôط𣿡
һǿĴУ֮ǰʱ䶯ݣŽȥһĴУҶֺɨˣõһĴУڷݣҶֵĴ˲֪˲һ˵
ŴͣȻǲ֪ҶǳΪѾԤϵҶǳжôǿˡ
ڲԶĽҼѪˣѾĿɿڴ𾪵ľˡ
ΣŷӦæҶǳߵһߣ˵ҶȻѾôˣΪǿִһˡ
ʲôҶǳɻؿ
˷ܵʹﵽһս񾳽ˣûм뿪ǣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ҷǳ룬˵ѵΪ˱ĹأΪҲֻⶫܹˡ
Ȼ֪һΪһϲءԣʱһйһʱҾ͸˵ˣǺǳذձУⱱ϶һĹЩĲ̽ˡ


1067 칬
Ҷǳ̸¶֮ɫЦʵѲѾ̽ĹصλҲԬκʦ˵ˣǳصĻ󷨱ǱĹصػ󷨣ֻнƻܴ򿪱Ĺء
Ǻǣ˵ıȽǳԣȴѾ̽һС
ŵ˵ࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢⣬ⱱǵУΪǣƶϳĹأʵǵ档
𣿡Ҷǳ۾΢΢漴ͷôһ˵ҲΪʲô˻ıˣȻҲ˱Ĺصλá
ˣ˵֮⣬ʵһ˵֮ضҪ򿪱ĹأƻǳصĻ⣬һְ취Ǵ֣ڶ⣬򿪱Ĺء
Ҷǳйâصؿ˼ǣ㲻ƻǳصĻ󷨣Ҳܹ򿪱Ĺأ
˵ͷٺЦ룬ҲǱⰲŵģҲϣԼĺˣԲ©ϣĺܹĹأӶõĴС
ϧôûܹ뵽һ㡣Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ʱһԵĽҼЦҶӣǲû뵽Щֻʵ£ðȻ򿪱ĹأҲֻЩǿĿ顣ңĹؿƵģֻдﵽս񾳽磬ʸֻôǱԴѷûһս񾳽ǿߵĻ뻢ıƤҡ
ԭˣҶǳȻ
Ц˵ҶڣǿԷĿĹˡ
ѵҶѾﵽս񾳽𣿡Ҽ𺳵ؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цŵͷǰøո̤硣
˻
ҼѪ˵һ
Ҳޱ𺳣Ȼͨ˵ΪѾµҶǳΪܸߣû뵽ҶǳĴﵽ硣
ս񰡣缴½ҲǶĸˡ

ĳһϵ󷨣ڳ֮¶ɢԶŲãӴϢ
ʱռ󷨵ĸ䣬Դ߶ϵ󷨡
һ۵Ĺâ𽥴
󷨵ģϥһߣΪ׵ߡ
ߵȻһ㣬ΪΧĸߣɫؿΪ׵ĺߡ
һ׼Կʼˡһ˵
ϥм䣬Ϊ׵ĺ߻˫ѪɫĿ⣬͸ռ䣬ʡ
ôˣĴչҪصǵ
ɭһЦ
漴˫ֲӡݺݵ
䣡
һĿѪɫʱ˺գ֮ϡ
һƲ㶼飬ѪɫĹǵĻ󷨶˶ݵͣ͡
һ̣ڵߣȫ鲻ԽؿǵͨѪɫ
ֻƲһƬ嫵¥ͥԺ¶
Щ¥ǳ׳ۣһһΡ칬Զסĵط
칬֮УΪҫΪߴΰǰձǵķλУһԡޱߵ׹֮¡
ǡ
ҶǳһҲ̧ͷգԵЩ˼顣
ҪǶˣѾǴ˱ĹءҶǳ˵
𾪵ҾȻˣĹز棬ȻϿյ֮Уǵֶ̫ˡ
Ǻǣ֮УпռôûҵõĹءҲ̾
ߣȥҶǳͺһѸٸ
ԬκһҲԾ̧ͷеΡ칬
ҶǳϳǳӣƺûܵʲôĥӲˡ
Ҷʦ֣ԬκҶǳʱ˵
ҶӣǳæҶǳкܸпϴҶǳȥμսʱҶǳֻһһսѣûӣڣȴѾݣʵԶԶ
ˣЩ껹ҪлչҶǳ˰֣Ц˵
ҼҲ׷׼
Ҷǳ̧ͷУ¶칬ԬκѯʵԬأ
֪Ԭκҡҡͷ

ȻԬӰ¶ȫ¶ɢŰããĹԣͬһâˣվǵϿգˡ
˶ʱһ


1068 ʵԬ
Ԭʱ״̬Щ֣Ȼúܴ󣬵ȴʵ۶ɣʧȥѪֻ֮侫־ڡ
״̬һĴơ
Ǿ顣
Ǻǣλһɡ
ԬĿɨڵˣһЦ˻֡
һ̣Ҷǳ˸оһ˶˲ա
ڲԶߣҲա
ƺ˶Ԭƿ֮¡
⡭ǻ󷨵
ҶǳĿеһγ˽ź͵ģû뵽ԬȻԶû󷨵˵ڳսеʱ˭ƿػ
󷨵أ
ǻ󷨣ôܣûлңջ󷨣ԬκҲ
ֻǳ򶨣Ŀ⸴ӵؿǰǸߴԬ׼Ԫ˻󷨵ϿɣԶݵ뻤󷨵Ϊһ塣ÿһǳܹģֻһ㲻Ҳ˶ˡ
Ԭס֣㲻𣿡ԬκԴʧɫæԬ
ԬؿԬκһۣҡͷ׼ʼͣ
˵꣬Ԭתͷߣ׼ȷ˵ǿΪ׵ĺߡ
ɣҾͲµΪĴУֻ˼ϹбһλӦþˡ
ԬΪ׵ĺߡ
һȫߡ

Ҷǳɫδ䣬ڲҲ̽Ϣ֪ߵ챻Ϊ񣬶֮£
Ҳ൱ڲ̵ĸһʮһսĳڡ
û뵽֮УȻһ𳬼֣ŵñð亹ԷҪǶ֣ˣ
Ԭ֪ʲô𣿡һָԬǳ
ĺߣҲضԬĿⲻơ
أ
Ԭ˻֣ǳĺߣһλϣʮս񼶱ǿڣ˲仯ΪѪ
Ԭ㡭
ͫһȫŭصԬ
Ԭ˵׼֮ҵԪÿÿģòҪټŭҡ
ߺ۾ûȴǲұ
ϾʱԬѾ뻤󷨵Ϊһ壬Բٿػ󷨣ʮһս񼶱ĳڶܺɱ
Ԭ㵽ҪʲôΪ׵ĺߣҲ˳ضԬ
ԬĮؿҵȫҰǴ򿪱ĹأԺǸ߸ĵģɡ
вңû㣬һԴ򿪱Ĺء
Ԭ̧סĺ˵
Ԭʲô
ס֣
ʣµߴŭ׷׺
Ԭضźŭף˵ں˻󷨵֮Ѿ𱱶ĹأʱǾȥĿռ֮ѰҰɣֻҪҵõ
㡭ͫһ
Ԭ˵ˣǲҵҾͰȫˡٺ٣ҵЩҪλҪĴҪȥѡ񣿡
㡭ɫˣһƬĿг˷ŭ
ﷴˣԶЩֻЦ
Ҷǳ۾ԬһηЩԬˡ
һսмԬʱԬһߣڣԬһƵġ
ҶǳɵûͷǵĳԬж˵ʲô㣬Ϊ󡣡
ǳɫӣЩ˵ϣҿԽá
ôչãѵѾƻһ죿ԬκŴͣЩš
ԬӦʹǳŶԣôܻǳȥչã
Ҷǳ̾˿ԬСŷԣسɷ𣬵Թܹһмˣ
Ҷں˵ʲôЩԺؿҶǳ
ƺʲôҲؿԬ˵Ե±ԹⲻԹʼնûԹ޹ǳ
ҶԲǳƲͷ巢
ף㡭Ҷʦ֣ǵ˵ʲôԬκҲЩͿˡ
Ҷǳ̾ϢܵԬʼնûʹ޹ЩһУΪ˰ôӵȳȥ룬Уʼļˡ
ԬԬκͣ۾ˡ
ԶԬֹԭһôΰ󡭡


1069 Ƿ
㿼ǵôˣҵʱ䲻ˣÿ񣬲ȻҾѡˡ
Ԭؿǰ˵
ضԬҴӦ㣬ΪԾȵãǵġ
ǲѡˣԬһЦ漴֣ٴνһߺɱˡ
ͫһȵס֣ҴӦ㣡
ԬгɱвңԬ㻹ǵһ
ҵô巢ģκһãҪȫԬ˵
ҧгݵ˵ãҴӦ㣬ԬҲҷģʱҰ˴ˣȴڡ
ģԬ˵
˵ͷ漴תͷ˵ǻȥһԬȫ˳Ѵ¸񡣡
ǣһȲط㳡
һһд
Щ־壬ϾԬղѾɱλˣԼΪ뿪ǣû뵽Էһֱ÷
ʱһȥ
ԬϵĹâһЩƿŻ󷨣ڳ˶óԬϢѾˡ
ȻԪĺܴ󣬾ͿҪﵽˡ
ԬɭЦԬ֧Ų˶ˡ
ǺǣûпҵãһǰɱǣٽĹط𡣡ԬЦ
ͫһаѣȴҲòóռ䷨ּߴλ뿪ĺߡ
ֹһ죬ڵĴǰ뿪ĺߣٴλˡ
أԬؿ

ǳɣ˵ͷ
߶ʱ˻֣һӰˣ֮࣬Ůɫš
곤ĿԬɵþϲף
Ԭûпǣǿߵһû٣
ģһ忪Ц˵
ҲңԬһ漴תͷǳ˵Ӧҵ顣
㡭֪ˣǳʹϧؿһԬ漴˵ͷ
ȵԬˡ
ã
Ԭ˵գ̧һ貵Ĺ⿿һ󷨣ʹǵѪɫҫˡ
ͬʱз׹Ʋɢΰ칬ԽԽˣڲ֮ϡ
ԼһʱһͨİݣƲ˵ǰ
ĹأվǱǵˡʱЦ
ԬߵɣԺɡ
˵꣬ԬϵĹâʧˣ󷨵飬³֣ʼƿǵĻ󷨡
ߣ뿪ǣ
һæ߳µǵݡ
ǲˣϾԬٶƿػ󷨣ٴβԼƿˣġ
Ԭ
Ԭκæ˳ȥ
ԶԬӰӿеɫ԰׵˼£Ϣȵ
ôˣԬԬκסż
ȿȣԬѪ񰵵ȴϲɫ㣬ģһмԪʱˡ
㡭Ԭκ
Ҷǳ˹˵
˵꣬ʩչӡԬü
Ҷʦ㡭ԬκŭؿҶǳ
ڴʱ޾Ԫ˷ӵԬ֮йעȥ
⡭ԬκʱҶǳԬжʱ֪ԼҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢һ£߶ӡ
ӡ԰˵ԪͬʱҲܲԪһſɱˣܾս
ԪĲ£Ԭԭ԰׵ɫ˺ܶ࣬±úϢҲ𽥻ָô΢
Ҷʦ֣л㣡ԬκмؿҶǳ
Ԭȴǵ˵㣬лҲǷġ
Ԭ˵Ԭκ
ǺǡԬЦЦûз
ڴʱһǿϢǴķ
ͽһϤĴ쳹ǡ
ʦ𣿡ҶǳɫһЩȵؿǵĴ漴תͷԬ
Ԭ΢΢ЦҴ㣬ղңʦͽһ׮ԵһǷ
лҶǳйâ˸æȥΪϣȻһ߿ǵͨİݡ
ΪڣͲλʦͽһ̽Ĺأ˵һԵ
Ԭ㾹Ȼ֪ͨԬκҲϲؿԬ
ԬٺЦ۸Ԭôãܲ׾õĴУȻҪҵ鷳ˡ


1070 ʦͽ
Ԭɵúãڿ϶ˡԬκԣʱֵùЦ
ΪԬҷģһҪὫңڴʱ֮ϴŭ
ԬԬκһۣǹЦ
߿У󷨵¶ԬֿԬκ˵սԿʼˣ
ˣԬ˰ָ֣Ԭκ˵ڿɲҴĶ֣֮λǸҴɡ
ԬκȴҡͷҾãʺϵ
ԬɣǷġǳҲ˹˵
Ԭһۣ˵㲻Ƿҵġ
ǳɬԬȻûк֪֮Ҳи֮顣
һжȡ
ԹԬֻǻڲ
ǰԬɣԬκоЩΣæתƻ⡣
ԬҲûмƴǣԬκ˵ȻˣҾٵҵԪҲˡ
Ԭ㡭Ԭκʱһˡ
Ԭ˰֣ЦڲȥڵĹأڵĴУǱĻᣬǧҪ
Ԭκ𾪵˵ҪȥĹأǣѾȥˣƾʲôᱱĴУ
ǺǣȥĵطȻҲǱĹأֻĴС
Ԭ΢΢Цǵڣôأ
˵꣬Ԭ飬飬񱱶ĹѾˣӦǽ봫֮˰ɣ
ԣ˵ͷ
Ԭʱ¶Цݣ漴Ԭκ˵㣬һȥԬ츳ˣõ˱ĴУȻδرȵҶǳٿ½Ǳ𡣡
Ԭ츳ˡԬκԬЩ۵̾
Ԭ΢΢һЦһ貵Ĺâ֮УԬκһʧˡ
ǳԬãص
̧ͷƬΰ칬ض㣬Ҷ㲻Ȼһȥ̽Ĺء
׳գΪȥ̽ĹأҶֺ͵˴սನɱˡԱߵĵ
ڨڨ˵ֻǲôһĹֻؿţܽȥ̽
Ҫ֪ǿĹأһλĹأӦλĹأ½Ҳָ
ܹ̽ĹĿҵ϶кܴİϧ
ʵؿһ칬ҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ա߷˷ۣóһЩﶪ˵ѾıⶪˣϿЩȥɡҶֺͻز̡
ʲôǿҵĵϣҸӦĵĵһʱˣ۾ǰһЩ
ѩԱЦ˵磬Ҷ׼ĵǵҲǿЩŰΪѸġ
öʱ˷ܣЩȥҸطչˡ
뿴æӣɵҡҡͷȥ˵꣬͸ˡ
ӿѩ˵ҲˣѩǸһȥҶ磿
Ľ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ѩߺ
ǺǣˣˣҶǳһֵõ˻ԵҲŬˣȻͱٴ˦ԶˡӹһЦǵĴȥ
ѩĿ;ȥ漴һ칬

֮ϣߣ̤Űݣǰ칬ȥ
ʱҶǳΪҲ̤˰ݣǰ칬
ʦģǱĹءıô꣬ΪеĴС
Ҷǳ˵
ȥȫΪ
ΪйâңҶǳЦСӻǸԵ񣬸ոյõ˵һĴУھȻ˱ĹأΪʦоµĺ¶ˡ
Ҳû뵽Ҷǳ΢΢һЦһεĻԵľϲ֮ǰԼҲûϵ
ߣʦͽһ𴳵һΪЦһӿٶȡ
Ҷǳٶͬӿ졣
Ƭ̺Ǿ׷ǰĵˡ
ͷһۣ߳ŭغΪԬҷģһҪҡ
Ҫɱ𣿡һ˵
䣡
ѾˣޱߵĺϯһǿбĥһӡǳΪҶǳȥ
ʮħ٣ҶǳͫһϳһС
ӡԱߣΪһʩչʮǿսеķӡ
¡¡
ǿʱڰϱըݶըˡ


1071 
ʮħ٣Ϊķӡʮǿս˶ʮһսĳǿߣȫһǼֱء
¡¡
ֲƴоľκˣڲϵؼšǿڰɢŰ˷
Ҳ֪ʲôɵģȻסǿûܵһٻ
ʦСģһʮħҲʮǿսҶǳѵ
ʮħǵѪħõģǵģҲ˵õӵһʮǿս
ʮǿս
Ϊоⱬ䣬ǰȥֱһǷӡĺȥ
أ
ͬʩչʮǿսʮħ٣۷һǿϯȥǷ׷׺
ΪӡųģôὫɾ磿ͫһЩ𾪵˵
һĴУʵҲ˲ˣǵ˲ûмֵһأһõ˷ӡʮǿս
ô̵ʱڣ˭ܰѷӡɾ磿Ҳֻвֲ̽εľͷɡ
ԣ벻ͨΪʲôΪѷӡô
Ǻǣ㲻ùܣҾȵǣǵʲôʱȻӵһʮǿսⰡΪ۾ЦĿ֮Щɵ
½һصĵʵɲ⣬˭Ҳ֪жôǿ󣬵ٲ󶥼֮¡
һصǿݵĶɶǳɵ;衣
Ϊû뵽ȻѾӵһʮǿսкܼɵǰԵЩСˡ
ߣҲùܣһ༥漴˵ΪȰ㻹ǸϽȥĴǵģǸᣬǵսǵԻ᲻ݵġ
ǺǣôĿΪǵʥǲ̿ս԰ʱ㣡ΪЦǳǿơ
Ϊ̵ĸȻҲʸ̣ͷǸܡ
ʥҲͷһɵϡ
ã׼ɡ˵漴Ϊٸǰ칬
ΪҶǳҲӿٶȸ·
ݺܳܳΪǵٶȣҪѰʱŵ˶ˡ
һƬ׳ΰ칬ʱڼǰ˸еޱȡ
۰½й׳ޱȰΪǰ칬һп˵
ҶǳҲ𺳣칬ΰ֮ǶҪǿֻܶ࣬еһܹ֮һλǿߵй
ձǵķλУΧֹ¥ͬһΰΡľ޳ǡ
죬һ̽һһʬ壬ϴѶߵλϣԼһȥ
ͽҲֿ̽ɡΪҲҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷһǺһҲˣȻҪֿ̽ھʹ̫ˣϾﶼûп
ңôĶºܿͻǿ߸ϹȻǵĴѾӡˣǳصĴڣгǿ߸ϹҪ೤ʱ䡣
䣡
ҶǳǸԸʱͻȻ𶯣ѿһɫһɫӵص˺㣬Ҷǳɱ
ʲôҶǳһæó񽣣Ҳһսףٲ÷
䣡
ҶǳֽʮŽһɫٿϡ
ȥصɫ̫ˣʹ칬·һӱһƬɫĴɭ֡

Щɫٴգɵص״գҶǳе·
ﾹȻһ٣ŭһóϵغϮɱɫ١
Ϊɫ΢䣬ҶǳͽСģ٣Ѿﵽʮһս񾳽磬ҪСĵ㡣
ҶǳɫޱأѾܵЩɫٵĿֲȫʮܿһɫ٣ضɫ٣Ҫγȥ
ҶǳҲڲ̵Ĳ濴һЩأ˵һЩֲҰһᵮǡ
Ұ޵ǻħޡޡ޵ȵȡ
ֲﵮǺҲͬЩޡħһԽԽǿ
Щǵֲ㱻ΪΪֲﵮǵļʺСÿһǳǿӵпµ츳


1072 
û뵽Ȼӵһǿپ˵ɱǵͱƥ䣬ôǿ٣ǰȻû˵
Ϊп
ȴ˱ʲôʱˣʱ򱱶ӵеٻûôǿҲûʹˣȻ֪ӵ١
ôѾﵽʮһս񼶱𣬲Żֲ
ң칬ô꣬ѾﵱԼļˡʱҶǳǴȻֹ
䣡
һɫ٣һܼϵϮҶǳˣΪʵǿ⣬ҶǳĴ϶еޱͷۣɫٲסһʱ侹Ȼ޷ȥ
ʱΪѾȥԽһˡ
ռ
ӡ
磡

ҶǳƴɱϮɫ٣Щըɫ֭ҺӵǿҵĸʴԣҴ
ãҶǳһսףԷסȫ¡ңޱǿ󣬷ˡ
ֻǣǰɫʵ̫ˣɱ꣬·޾
ŵѲʵʮһսеǿģ̫ˣֱ޾ɱꡣ
ҶǳԺлŲٵļأѰŶԸٵķ
ˣ
ȻҶǳ۾һһԴǰ׳գˣˣгӡصˣ𣬶ӡȴǿ԰

Ҷǳһηųȥ̫ȵ¶ȣǿĻ棬һӾʹΧɫȼ
ľ
ΧɫȻǿ󣬵̫ܵϮɱ˺ܶ࣬ҶǳĹ£
ӡ
漴ҶǳʩչڵһѧϰĳӡսǿѧˣȴѾ԰ɫٵ
ؿõһɫٱҶǳץסһ̣ڱڡήʧȥϢ
ˬ
ʱҶǳԼеǳˬһɹŨԪеɫ֮дݹա
̶˲䣬Ҷǳ֮ǰĵȫˡ
̫ˣһУһʲô
Ҷǳɵϲ
ӡЧ̫ˡ
ֿԴԴԪõģԲϵս
£ҶǳӡһҲģӡѸٲ
¡¡
ڷӡǿ󹥻£ҶǳӲһ·һƬȵ̫𣬳һȥ
ֱǣࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢⣬ͱߴǳصһ
ҶǳӦǡ
ڷǳ֣һɭֲɫħһȴģһڣȻֳֽȻ෴״̬˸оʮֹ졣
ҶǳС̽Ȼһڰ׶ɫĴţԽڴ룬ɢһɰֲֿϢ
䣡
ڴʱһǿӰڡ
ţҶǳͷȥһλĴϣû뵽һﾹȻҲѡ
Ҷǳʵ֪Ϊĳӡ̫Ŀƣʹߵɫ࣬ڸһλϲų˳ȥ
ʣµλϣ˿̻ɫٰΧƺѳˡ
ţ
λĴͻȻ
ϲ˵ڷĹâ
ӣҶǳò£֪ǰڰŷǱѰһ
䣡
λĴ̽ץǰĺڰţǾ޴ƣںɫħİ£Ŀֲ
ռ
Ҷǳ߾پ񽣣ʩչռһնһƴƥĽâʱϵĺɫ˺ѡ
Ҷǳ
ضҶǳɱⱩǣȻҲʩչʮǿսʮħٳҶǳɱ
ӡ
Ҷǳͬʩչʮǿսɱ˹ȥǿһӡʱѹ񷡣
䣡
ӡɢ֮ϵĥ̺ݺݵײһ֮пֲϵغײҡβ
ɱ
Ҷǳֳ־񽣣Ŷĵϳɱȥ䣬ƥ񽣼һ޴Ľâ
ۣ
ϱһѪɳȥ
ͬʱеĥҲӡ飬ǿѹĵϲϺˡ
СӾȻôǿ󣡡
Ȼ֮ɫҲ˵ҶǳڵһħĴϣû뵽ҶǳȻǿ̶ֳȡ
£ϺԥضԵĵ
칬ںƵš
ڣҶǳɫ䡣


1073 
ʲô
⾹Ȼĵ
ҶǳʧɫΪʲôǰλϻôˣԭߺڰһ
ǱʮǿսҪˡ
һѹһˣǳΪɵı־
ݣʵһЩһɵҲʮս񾳽磬һЩɢ֮УҲʮս񾳽ǿߣǶ޷󶥼ɵ⡣
Ϊûе
̵Ľһֳֵ׻һλʮǵս񣬼ֱ޵С
ǿߣǶͷԼɳνɡ
ԣһļֵ̫ˡ
ս½ʱһ
һȻʱ޷ʹãõҵʵǿࡣ
ҶǳжʱâңҲ룬㳯Զ̽ץȥ
ס֣ǵĵλϳҶǳɱҪֹҶǳš
ߣҿˣǾҵġҶǳһһϣץš
ǵ˭Ը
˵ǵĵˣĵһ˻ᣬҶǳҲ
Ҷǳֱ˵ϾҪˣ㱻ԺҲǵԴԴ׷ɱȰ㻹ǲҪĴȵ
Ҷǳһ۾Ϳ͸˼ЦҪʱ𣿿ղһȣˣʦҲˡҡ
ʲôĴߵ
ҶǳǸһĨļЦһһ˵ϾҪˡ
ҪˣҶǳҳҪɱңʱڸĴƿ׳һҶǳЦݡ
𣿡
ҶǳһЦͻȻŷһ貵Ļ棬кɫģɫģкɫģнɫġ
һֻ棬ɢǿϢȻ
𣡡
ĴصҶǳһƬ˲š
ߴ̫ˡ
ؼ䣬ҲֻоҶǳһ˾ȻѾ漣񻰰
ʽ
ҶǳһʩչǿսΪһ壬۳һĩųתƵľɱ
⡭Ƿʽ
ĴϵһŴ˵еʮǿսҲ֪û뵽ȻҶǳˡ
䣡
ҶǳķʽѾ˵ʽһзǳǿһǳֲ
նյúͮͮģ綼Ļ棬ȵ¶ڲϵǣֲĻƺҪеһж
ʮħ٣
ϸܵǰδевΣʱֻƴʩչʮħ٣Ҳֻһʮǿսսʩչ޷ʽ⡣
ߣͬʮǿսҾͲŵסķʽ
ĴߵȴûжٵΪʽܴ󣬼ô궼ûɣ޷ӡ
οղߴΪһĿֲõϸеľ
κһ𶼷ǳǿ󣬸οߴΪһ壬Ƕĩųֲ̫ˡ
ʮħ٣ߣƾսôҵķʽ⣿
ҶǳһЦ
ķʽѾ˵ʽȼһЩʮǿսԲˣοǰλϲûаʮħԲ磬ɾ綼ûдﵽôķʽ⣿
¡¡
ĩţһ仨꼤ȥ˺Ļ֮ڵĿռȫˡ
һ˲䣬ϴȥĥ̾ͱˣɱǹɻصݿһ㣬ǰĵˡ

һҽдضڷ
꽫ϵɱƬֲͬ˯Ļɽѣ緢ǿ
һƬ𺣣ȵĻݻһС
ԶȴԷɢһ赲ס˷ʽĺ
ҵˣ
ҶǳЦһץȥ
أ
飬ؼһֲĹҶǳ
ӡҶǳʩչʮǿսѹ˲ͱŵķվϡ

ߴһ𱬷Ҷǳţ䣬ǿս
ˢˢ
һɫĹһɫĹͨ쳹صĵ⣬һϵҶǳɱȥ
ɫɫֽȻ෴һ̶ųµɱ
Ҷǳɫ䣬ȻҪ֪ǿʮս񣬶ߴʲô


1074 
ӡ
ҶǳһһɫһӡɫȫսױֲƷ˾졣
ΪһȻֻǾս񣬵ǷӳʵѾԽһЩʮսˡ
Ȼڰɫ̫ˣеĺɫ̺ŨһӾͰķӡˣڵ
ɫĹҶǳľƣ̺̫࣬಻һ
ˣ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬˿Ȼס˰ɫǺɫѾ֡
Ũ֣ڱɣѪҺ𽥸ɿݣƤҲãɫĹͷʼ¶
𣡡
Ҷǳҧ߶ߴ塣
Ȼֲ̫ˣȻҲ޷ֻǿһЩ
ǣҶǳߵ廹ڼãԪڲϵš
ȥɡ
ҶǳޱأܵǰδеΣ
ӦúܿƲŶԣȻߴ𣬾Ȼ޷ݻҶǳǳ𾪡
ҵʵ̫ˣҲǵ̫ǿˡҶǳ뵽
оǺߡ
׼Ϊ̺֮һλĵʮǿ
ţҶǳµûĻӦ̺֮Ҳλĵ
֮ǳ£ֵ죬λǰ϶쳣ǿ
ŷֳɫɫӦôɫĴ
¡¡
ձ飬ɫĹ಻سҶǳ
Ҷǳ߾پ񽣣ֵ
ƲֹۣİܵϢϮ˿ѾѪܣ¶ɭȻɫͷԵúֲܿ
һĻǳ£ҶǳİԴãѪȫˡ
Ӳ濴ȥܿõҶǳڵߴƴֵļ֣Ҷǳֵ˶á
ô죿ô죿
Ҷǳޱż
ԽԽˡ


Ȼǰ϶İɫҶǳԺлһ⡣
ӡ
ҶǳĿʱʢ񽣣ƾǰɫĹֻʩչӡ
ۣ
ҶǳɫЩɣѪɫҰס
ǣ漴һŨԪӰɫ֮УԴԴϵز
ɫɫ
ҶǳȻֵסϮȴ÷ӡɫ֮еԪԼġ
ӴԪӰɫ֮вϵزֵźɫϮ
ԶԶȥҶǳһ뱻ɫ֣һ뱻ɫ֡
ɫֵǰѾãûһ˿Ѫ⣬ɫֵǰ
˿̵ҶǳֽȻ෴״̬ȴһƽ⣬Ҳ
ȻҶǳ˷ܣڴ߶ߴµš
ֻҪţˣʱϵΣ㳹׽ˡ
䣡
Ȼ⴫һֲıը
Ҷǳʱüͷǡ
ڵ״̬˴ǻһΣա
ʦסšҶǳֻóռ䷨ּѶΪ
Ϊʦڣû˿ԴΪѶ
ͬʱ⴫ıըԽԽǿҡ
ȻλΪڼս
ҶǳҲûİ취ˣֻڴΪס۾ȫ߶ߴ𣬿š
ʱһһţڰ׶ɫһƬž
ߴ𽥴ҶǳĽӣֶȥѾ֮һˣ֮Ҷǳܳˡ
Ϊûõģƿ壬ǵĵ壬ޱǿ󣬲Կġ
⣬Ȼ
ͬʱըԽԽӽˡ
䣡
ȻһɺƴƥĽ⣬ϿպƵš
ΪϢһ̱÷ǳֲһƺ칬룬ҵĽâΧɫٶˡ
Ϊ𣿾ȻȼͲΪ䵽ʮս񾳽𣿡ŭ
ڣҶǳһ˼۾
ʦΪȻȼޱȾգһȼ࣬Ϊͻʮһǵ䵽ʮǡ
ʦ𡭡
Ҷǳóռ䷨ּѶҪֹԼʦ
㰲ʦڣ˿̤ΪѶ򶨣˰ġ
Ҷǳһҧٶԣȫš


1075 
칬֮Уһ;޴ĺɫ壬ļԦ£ϵغΪ
ʬ壬ȻѾȥ꣬ȴӵеļ᲻ɴݺ
ɫ٣£ĸɱ飬֭Һҽ·ɫꡣ
¡¡
Ԧ壬һȭһȭΪûʩչʲôսֻǴ󿪴ϵͨȴ豹棬ǿܡ
һ죡
Ϊͬ棬ƥĽеĿˮڷšֺƳĬصĻɽ緢ҵҽնһ顣
һɱܹӲһȭ֮֮ǿֱǰδУƿٵصһ
ս
ΪȣѪӿȣֲȼԽԽǿÿһǧɳĽââ貣ҫ硣
ȼҿֵܹã
Цĵ֮УԵ÷ǳɣܵĿֲΪ޴ѹ
䣡䣡䣡
ȭÿһأµͬӿļƵ֮ϣ硣
ɱ
Ϊһȥնתˣǳʯһأֲܾ캳ء
ȿȣ
ͻȻһɫȭӡâΪţҵĿѪѸٵˡ
ܵصһΪϵ涼һЩϢҲ˺ܶ࣬ʵ
ΪֲסˣЦţԦĵ壬Ϊɱ
ΪûٺˣΪıܺˣʢһֳֽһŷӡ
ʮħ٣
һԦʱʩչʮǿսǾ޴ĺɫ˫֣ḥ̂ƺҪƬظĥ顣
ֲϢƬɫٱըɫ֭ҺĵǣٲҽԼĴ֡
ĵһ̱ǿܣֱɱ񣬷ɱ
䣡
ΪĿֲһ˺ѿأȴ޷˺ḥ̂ݻٵĸɸɾ
޴ĥ̹شƣɢѹһеܣõﶼս
ӡ
Ϊлȼգȫ߶ʩչӡֵĥ̵ĺ
飡
ֲΪײýˣƽ
ȥɣ˷ܵĴ˫ȭ͵£ḥ̂Ϊһ
ǲ
ӡѣֲĥײΪϣľ޴ȭͷҲǺݺݵΪϡ
ۣ
Ϊ˵嶼ˣֻʣһԴ֮УԵúҡ
ҵõţټܣʮǵսҲܹ⡣
ЦһΪĲ
䣡
һֲĺɫͻȻ͵شںֲɳȥ
ɺɫĹ̺֮ŨϢǿ͸ĵ壬Ϯ
ֻһ˲䣬嶼ɱȥƤҲϾɣ·ʧȥ
ôܣ㾹Ȼţ
սӲϢ˳Ѹٻָ壬Ԧĵˡ
ǰڣһڰŷ˳š
Ҷǳվϣ䣬ƺ磬ա
ҶǳԱߣϥΪɫ԰ףѾֹͣȼ𽥻ָơ
ĳûе䵽ʮս񾳽磬أʵ
Ҷǳ߶ŵӴĹע£ΪѸٵĻָ
ʦָƣס
Ҷǳ򶨵˵Ȼʵ֮ܶ࣬˵ڻԦĵ塣
ǣҶǳѾӵһֻţҶǳ׵Ŀֲܡ
¡¡
Ҷǳȫ߶£žƺԽգǰǺɫĹһӶҪɡ
á
ѸٺˣղѾԹŵĿֲϢ͸ֱϮӲӲ
ҲָԸѹŴˣһʮħ٣
ʮǿսܣĵ֮£ǰδеս赲סŵϮ
¡¡
ײ칬ڲԶһߴ飬¥ڱ
Ƭ֮䣬칬ֻʣá
ҲͬҶҡҡ׹


1076 ħ
ΰ칬ҡΡһʯ嶼Ʒգֲķ籩Ű
¡¡
̶ıըϴƬս
޴ţ·Խ˲ռ䣬ǧ磬֮һ֡
䣡䣡䣡
һɫĹϼӴĵš
𣬼Ԧĵ壬޵ȭӡӭϡ
ǿԾڴ˿һɣ𶯣ﳼ
ģǵ
ɭСӣʶĿ콻ţʦͽҪڴˡ
䣡
·ӦĻ޴壬ŷǿĹ
޴ȭͷݺݵػϣ嶼һ
ǵܷǳǿҶǳĴ߶£һڰ׶ɫĹţסеҶǳΪ
ǰ׳Ұһ͸㣬ΪҶ𣿡Ҷǳ伥
ͬʱȫ߶ţڰ׶ɫĹΪ񽣣նգɱ
Ȼŭ죬Ԧĵֱӳ˹ŷҵĹ
䡭
ڲ޴ĵȭͷϴǿֲһδνӽŵķޣһƬն
Ҳãżĺڰ׶ɫУһɫɫĹ⽣ĵ嶼ˡ

Ĳҽĵ֮д
ȻķǺɫɫĹ⽣ɶ˺
Сӣ㳹׼ŭˣҪĥɵͣƳɵоڵֻ֮гꡣ
ŭ
䣡
ĵӴ֮ɫĻ棬һɿֲϢǿܷ·Ӻڰ֮оˡ
䡭
ĵΧһıըݡ·ܲסɿֲϢ
ǲ
Ҷǳͫһķϳѷ죬пֲ䣬з
ȻҶǳɴ۾ʲô
ǰ޴ĵ壬Ȼڴʱ˯ǿߣӳ֮ѣһ˫ӣӳĮĹâʱռ䣬䴩ǿա
ʲô
Ҷǳѵ
ôܣ
ҶǳԦţ鲻Խغˡ
˵еǿߣҴ⣬ΪǰһĻʵ̫ˡ
ţ
ͻȻˣ˫ӶҶǳ˵ǿµš
¡¡
ĿڣҶǳʱоԼµڲѾĵƺڷλˡ
ںţ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ܿеԭ
վĵѾˣӵǲĥӡǡ
һ죬ҶǳҲܹﵽĲΣܽӡĥ
ʱλ˵ĺеӡǸˣһԽԽǿڷҶǳƿء
ߴ𣬸ѹ
Ҷǳȡ
һ֣ѹţ
Ϊ֪һţôΪҪڴ˵ء
¡¡
ھҲ
Ҷǳɫ䣬ܵǹɷԽԽǿˡ
ûõģСӣĵѾһ˿־ٻĵֹ˵ġЦ
ҶǳȴĪ˿ԭˣֻֽš
ô죿
Ҷǳп˼ŶԲߡ
Ȼ̧ԼһֻƣֻĺȻ֡ħ֡
з֡
ħӡ
Ҷǳȡ
ϹŴõħӡҶǳһɫķӡʱ޾Ľɫ⣬ѹȥ
ߣһս츳ǿҲ˲ĵ塣״ɵüЦ
Ȼɫܿͱˡ
ΪħӡеȻһԭı˫ǻˣһǿϢҲѸټ
ʲô
ôܣ
ֵӵ֮д
Ȼˡ
ķѾ޴ѵһ˿־Ȼѹˡ
ʲôӡôôֲ
ѵǡ
Ȼ˴˵еһַӡħӡ
Ϲŵزطѹħ䴴ħӡ硣
ַӡǵˣǿԶ


1077 
ϹŵزѾˣôħӡѿû뵽һ̵ĵӾȻʧѾõķħӡ޵ķҲַӡ
䣡
ҵķ⣬۳һɫĵСһŷɫ᲻ɴݡ
飡
ŭٿĵ壬ϵȭɫǽɫĲ潥Ѻۡ
Сӣ⿿һħӡҪѹңҲ̫СĵˡЦ
ǲ
Ļ£ɫ˲飬޴˳ٶš
ͬʱҲٶǿϢʱ칬
ȻʱһߴӰϻվ
һеΪֹɣ
ҶǳʦΪŵİ£Ѿָȫƣһ
Ϊ
ͫһиһĨɵ֮ɫ
䣡Ϊһ˫ţԶҶǳĻʱڣһӾʹűǧٱֲϢͬκһϯ칬
ʦٿţҶǳϲæŵĿȨƽΪ
ΪҲûƴǣٿţ˵Ŀֲܣһ㽫ĵ嶼ɳȥ
¡¡
޴嵹ɳȥײһ칬һƬǽ塣
ΪŭԦĵ壬ٶȳ
ʮǿսеʮħٱʩչ޴ĥ̴֮ѹ
ǿҲġΪЦһ߶š
¡¡
޴һɫͰɫܼ֩أĵĲˣ޷ӽš

ʵشȻĵ͹ǿ󣬵ӿֲΪУչֳѹԵ
ǺɫͰɫĹ಻һĵ壬֮չ֣ÿһǳ£ĵ壬˵е塣
ɣѾõĴУڣõΪߵ
Ҳ֪ɱϾĵ̫ǿˣҪߣ޷ֹʮսľ磬ţܹɱ
Ϊͽܲžս񾳽磬زסţţһ죬ǵǲ̡ŭһԦĵƿȥ
ȵңԭǽʣһλϴе
ûϻһɫĹϼȥ˺ɱˡ
Ϊ
ҧгݵصһΪ漴תͷȥ
ӮˣҶǳĶӣɵ˷ܴЦʦҼٿţѹŴһٿţܻ
ŵǿ󣬲ĵ±ǲ̵Ǽ˿ΪŽµţ̾
Ҷǳʦǲ̵ĵʲô
죡Ϊԣ͸貵⣬ķǳֲһӶض顣ͬʱķҲֲܿ켸ԸǣסʮսĹ׾١
Ҷǳһ㶣̲סô˵ǿˣ
Щ֣ͬǵôô
ɵͽ˭ĵ𣿡ΪҡͷЦĵֻܷӳǿǸղǧ֮һûзӳҪӳܣӵʮսʵһӵĹսС
Ϊ˵ǲ̵Ĳ첻һǲ̵ĵӵвĴУȻԻᷢܡ
ˣҶǳ˵ͷ֮ɫҲҪ׵ĴС
ȻŵΪǾͿԳ㲻Ҫʲô׵Ĵˡ
뵽ҶǳΪ˵ʦ͸ɣҲӲܡ
˵ʲôΪסˣŵؿҶǳʮһս񣬴˿̶е˼顣
һ
ΪһΪһ
ʦͽпΪһĿɳ
ڣҶǳȻҪ͸
Ϊһʱ䶼סˡ
ʦ𣬸ղҲ˵ˣ½ǿ߻ԴԴĵ׷ɱҡңϢ˳ȥиǿɱң˵һ׸
ҶǳЦ˵෴ʦܷӳʮսʵ·½ûм˿ɱ㣬ʺϡ


1078 ı
͸ΪҶǳ˺ܾãΪĺôࡣ
Ͼڵʵ޷Щ½ľͷ⣬һҲֻӵ޾Σ
ΪͲһˣʵǿһôܹ½ľͷվ½۷塣
һ棬Ҷǳʧȥ˵ҲʧȥΣ˼ҪɱҲɳʮһǡʮǵǿˡ
һ棬Ϊ֮ʵϾܳԽ̵Ϊ̽ڽǿߡһɽҶǳ͸ӲĲ̵˻Լĵһˡ
ңĸֱţҲܹӰȫسɳ
ͽ˵ûƥﻳȷ
ΪǰҶǳпϾǵļֵӦúΣգҲûԸһͳȥ
ǲһûʦƴһҲ޷ԣҲӵһ롣
Ҷǳ΢΢Цߣʦѵ˵һֻҪҴﵽʮһս񾳽磬ʱҾͻӵ
ΪһѵһˣҲڱ˵ǳ󣬵ǶҶǳ˵Ĳô̫ҪϾһԺ󶼻Ҷǳ
뵽ΪЦҷСѾ½еˣҲգʦͺƤˡ˵һĵʺ㣬ϾõһĴУܹӳһܡ
ٺ٣ʦ˵ǡҶǳΪԸţʱ
Ϊһţһҡͷ̾ҷӡһʦ˵ͬʱҲе
⻹ǵģһʦģȴǽͽܵĺôȷΣЩ
ʦҪǸе˼ǾͰһæҶǳþôԼʦеҲһ취ɵ۾һæ˵
ΪʧЦɵͽһٸæΪʦҲ㡣˵ɣʲôæ
ٺ٣Ȼʦô˵ҾͲˡ»Ҷǳ˼ˣٺЦͻȻ뵽һ飬Ҫʦæ
һ˵ɣʦһ㡣ΪЦҵһ㵱ʦĸоˡ
ʦӣȷĴ򿪷ʽͽܺôʵ̫ˡ
Ǻǣʦҿˣź󣬰ҰշҶǳЦЦȻָŵѷȥɫ١
Ȼ֮ǰĶԾ֮УٸܵŵĿֲص£ٹҶǳˡ
ͽ۹⣡
Ϊ٣ʱҶǳ˼ɵ۾һЦٴﵽʮһս񼶱ͽԽʮһǵս񣬶ܹ֮һҲʦʱ㡣
ʵ˵Ҷǳõ˵һĴУټ츳̫ҫˣԼڵ˵ΪҶǳĵ·ġ
ǣٻҶǳıʹˡ
˲䣬Ϊ;ˣһҪԼͽշ١
ʦҲôģ˵ҪңԺܽȻΪҵĺð֡ҶǳЦ˵
Ϊͷͽ˵ĲٵȷȵҪΪлΪһΪ˵ôҲﵽ磬ʱļֵԶһˡ
ҲôġҶǳͷ
һշ֮ôΪͻᱻơ
򵥵˵ʮһս񾳽磬лΪʮս
Ҷǳշ֮ôҶǳﵽʮս񾳽֮ǰ޷ˣʱرپ硣
ԣһ㲻ΪҲֻһЩ츳ǿˣֱϳǿΪ
Ҷǳ츳ͺǿδлΪʱҲлΪ
һΪ٣ֵԶһˡ
䣡
ڴʱһȴѾΪˡ
ҶǳΪžͿˣϾʮһսĳǿߡ
ͽţھȥշǸ٣ΪһԦţֱӳ˵صס
Ҷǳûиȥʣµļ̽һ
ڴڼ䣬칬ΪΪٵս췭ظǿֲನҶǳеľɵ칬صϿա
Ҷ磡
ѩڳҶǳϣɵýе
Ҷǳʱ̽ΧԬԬκڳڣɵɻԬԬκʦأ
ȥձĴˡѩ˵


1079 շ
ĴУ
Ҷǳԣоһ漴̾Ԭ˶ˣˣһʵµʿȻ뻢ıƤҰԬҵõ˱ĴУ
ԬĴнȥᣬıУȴǱԬҵõֱ̫ˡ
ҶǳҲû⣬ϾһջҲܴ
ʦõһܿҪõˡ
ǼһҲǵõĴУõĵ壬ջܴ
˵ջҲûˡ
űĴУҪ˶ãǱˡ
Ԭκ츳һõ˱ĴУؽҫ̣ܹ顢һЩ벽
Ҷ磬ԬȷԵ±ԹҲ˾塣ѩ˵
˾壡Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˿ܣѯʵأоأ
ھĽ㣬Ѿ뿪ˣӦȥҿպȥˡѩ˵
ҲóȥˡҶǳѩԴЦ˵˵ȥһ˵һ壬һȥϾΪ̫ˣҪһĥתΪԼս
֪ˣҶ磬أε֮׼ȥѩؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ۾ԶգȥҼ磬ǾˣͲһˡ
̫ˣҲѩЦ֡
䣡
֮ϣ޴ıը
Ҷǳѩ̧ͷʱһ޴ɫ٣һֻеһչԼĴ֣칬ݻˡ
ۣʲôôô󣿡ѩŴС죬𾪡
٣һʮһս񾳽Ҷǳտտ٣гȹâ
ֻҪõ٣ʵͻʮһս񼶱ĳǿҲеˡ
ʮһսǺһǿ󣿡ѩʱǵ
ҶǳЦǺǵģ֮ǰ칬ڵõһʦƿ˵ʮһǵսˣʮǵսʦڶһս
ҵ֮Ǹȼ𣿡ѩʵ
ҶǳѩҲһǵħ֮еõģҲ˵һĴڡ
ˣѩڿ԰֮ӵʲô̶ȣҶǳɵʵ
ѩ΢΢һЦЩ˵ܺȻֻսڣʹ֮ĻԶԸһЩս񡣡
˻ҶǳһսԸսҪֲɴ˿ɼжôǿ
ȻҶǳ²⣬֮ѩΪģԿѩԸ󷢻ӳܡٿһӳޡ
£Ҷǳɫصѵѩ̫ҪˣҶӵУֻ͸ʦԣ֮Բ˵֪򲻵ѣǧܶá
Ҷ憪£ϴζѾѹˣҵȻסѩƲ
ҶǳɵһЦ
ʱеĴսǵע⡣
Ϊ˿߶ţѹǺɫɫĹγһ޴ĶɫΣС
ܣչֳټΪǿʵʱͰٸѹסˡ
ͽΪѹ֮󣬶ʱҶǳ
ѩȥˡҶǳͺһ漴ֱ˲ƵУվϣűѹ١
ٵıǳ޴󣬴ַǳ࣬Ϊѹ
ͽʵȻǿ󣬵һȱ㣬ǾСϣ֮пӡǣԺͳΪĵڶˡ
ףҶǳ˵ͷڲ֮пշϣ֮С
ȻȻʵǿ󣬵СֻǸոս񼶱𣬱Ҷǳ׾͸ƷˣȻӡǡ
پֹͣҸҶǺȣҶǳʲôʲôֱʹ
Ϊ˴Цѣͷ˵ͽ٣Խߣ㶼һսˡ룬㹻ˡ
ٺ٣ʦڿܹɱԽˡҶǳЦ
Ϊҡҡͷվǲ̵ĸѵԣǲɱͽɲҪĵߡ
֪ˣ˵ҲûɱԽߡҶǳҡͷ
ȴ뵽Լʵˣȥ˰Խߣ֮ĶԹѾˣл⡣


1080 ƻ
ڣҶǳΪ˫˫;޴ҶǳսԼУ
һɱҶǳʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣһֱ١
ϾʵǸֻΣŴ㶯٣ƽٶ
ͽǰ˵շǵһ飬еڶʲôΪЦؿǰҶǳٵػҶǳİΣҲĺܶˡ
Ҷǳɫ˵ʦ֮ǰ͸ʦ˵ڰںڰԨֹڵʵӦÿ̽ڰԨˣлĻҺڰܹˡ
ڰ𣿡ΪһɻؿҶǳյʱ͵õ𣬺ִǲ̵õ˾׻ҪڰСôʲô
ΪʣҶǳҲԼӵжˣƣĶʱ߶棬ߴ
̫𡢺𡢷˲ڤħ𡢾׻𡭡˻ҵ찡
ΪĿɿڴؿҶǳĵ߶棬֮ɫ
ʮһսǿߣ˿̶ǰһĻˡ
𣬼һ
ֱһ漣һ񻰡
ͽ㡭Ϊɴ۾Ҷǳš
ҶǳЦ˵ʦ⣬ɶôռġ񣬾ŴֻͺڰˡһҾܰѷʽԲ硣
ʽ
Ϊʱ۾һϲ԰Ҳ˷ʽŴ˵еսˣȻɶÿɵʮǿսһںϣжôǿ󰡣˵ؼǿս治֪һ֮󣬻жôֲ
뵽ΪԵø˷ˣǰԼͽܰû뵽Լͽܲ츳ȻӵĴơ
뿴Ҷǳھеǿߣ˷ʽ˾Ŵ𣬵ʱĴʲôʥĴʲô
ҶǳкܴΪư½
Ҷǳͽܡ
ôһͽܣΪ붼ޱȰ
ͽģΪʦһڰ𡣡Ϊ֤غԼͽܵδɾͣȻҪŬҵڰ
ʦ˵ڰԨΣգҲҪСĵ㣬Ҫ̫ǿˡҶǳижæȰ˵
Ϊ΢΢ЦͽģΪʦһ֣ںڰԨԱǿԵġڰȷںڰԨǹΪʦͲ֪ˣҪԵܵõΪʦҲﲻ㡣
𣬵ԼȥѰңʵڵòҲûϵҲҵķʽԽʮǿսˡҶǳ˵
Ϊ˵ͷЦȻˣΪʦ뿪ˣȹʱ䣬Ϊʦ֮󣬱ȥڰԨ
ʦ𣡡ҶǳĿΪȥ
Ϊʧڴ̨ϣҶǳ˼ţԼѾռֻʣºڰ
ڰںڰԨΪʵӦкܴհѰҵ
һֹȴǿҪԵõҾҵõġ
ԣʱڣѰֻܷһߡ
ôǼʵ
ȻҶǳѾﵽս񾳽磬λһ۷壬˵
ֻдﵽʮǡʮһǣҶǳаտ½ľͷվ½۷塣
Ϊ˾սҪΪǷǳѵġ
ҪôǧʱޣҪôҵõĵر
ҶǳԺͻȻֳһط
ҩ԰
յǰ˵طԶʱһǿ߿ٳҩ԰ֲ˺ܶĵرԿΪ
طһȥǸԶʱһǿߵע⣬ǾΪ
ҶǳеļƻǹϢȻ½ĴһȥʱУͲᱻλԶʱĵһǿ߹עˡ
ҩ԰Ȳҵ磬ôõ飬ȻҪϣʱѩҲϣǵΪܵõ
Ҷǳ뵽
кôȻôЩѡ
Ҷǳ֪ԼעҪȥѰҰģʱëδʵһȥ뿪֮ǰһҪëʵܹ뿪
һǸΪǵĻء
ҩ԰ʵĵط
ȫԽһ˵ʵܶࡣ


1081 Ƴ
ǳҶǳΪˣ룬ҡͷ㻹ǽսذɣȵ˵һ壬ٽųҹʱ޷Щ
Ҳ˲ꡣЦ˵漴ֽڵսԼء
ѩ״ɵһʧؿҶǳҶ磬Ҫ𣿡
ţȥҼ磬ȥһѾһкˣֻҪǵһ壬ǽȥҶǳЦѩԴ
֪һ𣿡
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵ͩݼһƬͩһӦþ
ݰǿЩԶ̾Ǳݣһ½ˣֱһ
ǺǣдҪ˶õġ߰ɣȻز̣ҲҪò̵Ĵǰһ塣ҶǳЦ˵
Ԭʦ𣿡ѩʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ƴһϵ칬ҡͷλһԵʱ䲻ܻز̡
£˸нҼ˸
ҶǳмлҶ֮Ժ󵫷ҶʲôԸǾ
ǳ֪ҶǳĴȣϾԬκõ˱ĴУҲܳԽҶǳ
ҶǳţֻҪԻΪ½İΪ̵Ľпܣδ½ͷܹҶǳùϵԺʲô
ؿҺԬʦͬһţҶǳЦŰڰ֣˵ǻ£Ȼزˣ鷳㵽ʱԬʦ˵
ã֪ˣҶпʱ͡ͷһ·ֱͣҶǳǳ뿪

ص̣롢ѩǱǰһˡ
ҶǳصתһˣΪչأԪչˡԣӦ̵ĸ߲㶼չˡ
ϵµϵӣһЩΪְԭûбչأ˼չˡ
ҶǳЩɻ󣬺һЩ̸ۣ֪Щ˶ǵõӡĹһչʮǿս
ԭӡΪʮǿսǲ㴫ӵģҪ࿼飬жϵӵҳϺŻᴫȥ
ڣΪһεĵһ崫пˣӡŹѾͷʽһôˣʱҪʲô飿ֱӴڸӵˡ
ʵǲˣڸһڱչӡ
һֱʥ˶ͬײǣԭǱȶԷһʮǿս
񣬸ɶ˷ӡȻҪúԺʥǿߣͲôûˡ
˵Ͻӡȥǿ˸ɵʵĳЩ˵ҲǴʥͳΡ
ʥʵȻԶɣ½ɼʵȻҪʥġ
񣬸ΪӡʵʥȭҲȻܵǰϵļƻ
Ҳã֮ǰڵһ˴ͷħĴ϶ɱңǶչӡˣҲܹȫܶࡣ
Ҷǳ뵽漴뿪̣ǰˡ

ֱعԹιƹ
ʵǿ󣬱֮޵սҪѷɫһҲǾս񾳽磬ǵʮս񼶱ĸ֣û˵ӵʮһսĳǿߡ
ˣ½ޣǿȱǿڵλ
˵һ崦ݼأɫ١
Ϊʵԭݺͱһÿ궼ɳ߲ܶμսҪݸɡ
УƹͲ̹ϵãΪƹļǲ̵ӣһƹ̫Ҳͨս˲̣ǲ̵һλŵӣ޵вεţڲ̵ŵӵҲǼ俿ǰġ
ΪƹĹϵԲص޽һ󣬿ֱƹĶǡƳǡ
ʱҶǳƳǡ
ƳȻԶԶȲϲΰ׳ۣȴǿˣǳռǳ޴󣬸ߴĳǽźԶܿõһͨ쳹صǽ
Ƴڽֵ£ͨ˴ﲻˮǳ
Ҷǳ뿪㳡һҾ¥˼Сˣһƹزĺþƣ
¥ߵ̸
˵𣿲ֵһλ𣬶ұԬκҪǿĵӣ˵һĴС
һ尡ǿʥ֮һû뵽̵˵õˣҪԽˡ
ɲӵλ𣬷£Ҳֻʥܹ֮⡣
õ˵һ壬̾ʥҲԶˣҿƹ벹һֱãɰ

ΪݾԶֱڣҶǳһЩ¼𽥴


1082 
һߺžƣһű̸ԼҶǳЩп½ô꣬Ҷǳڴһ֮Ϊ֪ĳˡ
ҶǳûнڻҪǰ磬ﵽС
˵̫ӴӲ̻ˣҵõϢ̫ӻڻʹһᣬƹŵ
ϢʱˣҼү˵ˣϺĽһ緢ˣҪȥ򽣵̫ʱ¡̫οᣬŵҲΪѰһЩְæƹ
緢𣿴˵ǿϹʱһλ۷ǿߵľ֮أ̺λ۷ǿߵϽÿһʱ䣬緢һΣǰ
ϧɢĽֲ̫ˣսµǿ߻ûнӽͻᱻɱ˵ֻʮһս񼶱ĳǿ߲ܵٽģ治֪λ۷ǿ߸жôֲ

¥һЩ˵̸Ҷǳע⡣
壬ƺڲڵпһЩأȷЩ˵һλݵĽ۷ǿߵıչ֮ء
ң̵ļرȽϸᵽλݵĽ۷ǿһλϹʱҲǺպĴųݽ
ңλݽҶǳһԪ֮Ľǿߡ
Ԫ֮⽣嵹ǿȥû׼һЩջ񡣡Ҷǳһ
ǴԪ֮λݽĽҶǳջܴ
£ҶǳƷƼȣֱһЩʯˣ뿪˾¥
뿪¥Ҷǳֻص㳡ǰϺһǳأȻ˲ƸϵϺ
Ϻһ½Ӵ󳬺ռݵ֮һأ
Ϻһ棬ϺأҲ˳·
ҶǳǰӴϺ漴˿ͼ㳯Žķȥ
Ҷǳһ·˲Ƹ·ټʵǿٶȷǳ졣
һݺҶǳִ｣ʱһ޴ĺХ㳯
ⳡХǳֲϺ֮˰׸ߵľˣһȥͺϺ˹˸еޱ𺳡

ǰǾ޴ĺһˮ۵ˮǽݿһ㳯ҶǳײǹƥƣҶǳܵ˴ȻĿֲ
޴ĺХ¾һЩսǿ߶Ӳ˱ᡣ
Ҷǳûˣó񽣣ǰһȥҵĽâʱǰȥǰľ޴˸и
ݣ
Ҷǳ漴˹ȥԽƬ޴ĺˡ
ȻȴҶǳģȴһ޾Ľޱȵķݺݵغϡ
Ŷս׷Ҷǳ˿Ҳˣ뺣ˮС
öĽ
ҶǳסΣĿǰȥһߴޱȵɽ壬ϺС
ĽǴɽ಻سһˣγ˸ղǰֲĺХ
ԭˣ
ҶǳХγɵԭ
ȻΪ緢಻Ľһ㺣ˮγһľ޴ˡ
ңҶǳӽ壬ԼٵĽԽԽֲ
ǿֲĽ֪浽ʲôȻ಻ͷų˿ֲĽ
Ҷǳйâ˸޾ĽǰĽȥ
ЩȻǿ󣬵ڶս£˲ҶǳǴﵽԲεѪǿ
žԽԽҶǳԽܵĸߴһͨ񷡣
ڽɽ£ҶǳܵһЩǿϢȻһЩ͸򽣵ݽǿߡ
¡¡
ҶǳɽµʱŷЩٲһӽ嶥˳಻ϯ˷
ףһСܵЩİݵĽǿҶϤӦĽְɣ֪ĸɣ
Ҷǳ䵽ɽһʯʱԶһŲ£ЩĵٸЦؿҶǳ
ҶǳһɨΧɽµ࣬ϰˣǾս񼶱ǿߡ
ЩڷҶǳ֮Ҳֻ㿴һۣϥԭأĲ򽣵
ֻһɢޣλ㣬ǱˣӦ֪⽣ʲôɣȻôôֲĽҶǳЦſԶĲٸ
СܵܲʵŶ
ٸƲ죬ŲҶǳһɢޣϾҶǳᣬôŲΪôһɢޣȻݴɵˡ
ûнҴЦʶˣ⽣֮ôֲĽΪһý̾ᡣԣýһѾﵽʮս񾳽磬˵ǿߡ


1083 λ

ʮս񼶱
ٸĻҶǳɵõһ
ʮս񼶱Ǹжôǿ
ֱ󰡡
λ㣬㲻ῴģںҰɡҶǳǰĲٸ̲סɵصȻýôǿǻ˵ز򽣵
ٸЦСܵܣѵ֪ΪֲԶϲ˯ֻҪ㲻йͲѡοΪڽǸϲࡣȷһֻϣصذҳɱ𣿡
Ȼˣ
ҶǳȻ򣬸Ϊ£ֱӱýˡ
֮ѣҲΪΪʵǿٸܵΣѹǡ
̾Ľʮս񼶱ĳǿߣһȺս񼶱СڶԷǵȷϲ࣬˿вҲˡ
Ͼýվﱻ˹ֶ˲ʵ̫ˡ
ʮս񼶱ǾȲϲ̵ĽҲ½һͷˡ
٣²̵Ľ֣Ҳֻܻý޷ɱ
ˣСܵܣٸһϢԶĲٸЦ⽣ӣܹ֮ԼĽǽǿıԵݽҲΪߣʱʱ̿ԲӵǰǿĽÿν忪нɽҪ۾
Ҷǳ۾һϲȻĺö㣬лˣ֪մ
ūʷ
ٸһ˫۶ҶǳЦСܵܣʲô֣㲻¶ϢҲʲôɡ
Ҷǳ룬Ҫ֪ҵ֣ͻ֪ҵˡ
£ҶǳЦҽ
ޣ˽֣޳ܣ㲻߽㣬ҲҪҸְʷһҶǳƲ
ʵҲͦ޳ܵġҶǳЦ
˵˭˭
ˣ㣬Ȼ⽣ǴɽϵԽϣõĻԽ󡣡
ҶǳȻʵ
ʷƿ׳һҶǳߵϻȻԽϵõĻԽ㿴ôãûһ˵õ󲿷ֽɽϵǿ߽ػˡҲֻڴϣһЩǵõ
ôȥҶǳɻ
ϻܹȥ˭ﰡʷٶȵҶǳһۣѾǵļˣȥǶҪЩ˺Ƭ
ëͷСӣһ㳣ʶ֪ҿĲݴӵܣһɢޡԶһ˵
ҶǳˣʷЦ˵Ȼˣ㣬ȥˣҵõ˽ʱһţȨ֪Ϣıꡣ
˵գҶǳͳŽʵǶȥ
գ֮䣬Ҷǳʧ˵С
ɽµʷǸߣԼˣȫĿɿڴš
ôܣҪʮս񼶱ǿ߲ȥҲֻǾս񼶱ôϵȥ
׳գôᣬݣ϶һ˲õţ޵вΡ
һоս񼶱𣿡
һ˻ǲ̵ǿҶǳɣ

һȺ۷׷ס
ʷʷЩϲû뵽ʶһˣȻһš
ѹһﲻ¶ʵǵ͵ʷ롣
ԶǸ֮ǰҶǳļߣʱоֲŵñð
ҿҶǳûղѾˡ
û˿ԥת뿪˽塣
ҪҲȲԼСҪղҶǳûжԸһԸأһ򣬾һʮΪϼƣ
¡¡
ҶǳɽܵӽĽԽң˺ѿռ䣬һ졣
Ҷǳǿжս׻ЩĹûдﵽļޡ
Ҷǳɽ֮󣬷һˣ˶һͬ㣬ǾǶһۣɢŨĵȣΨһͬϴɫͬ
Ҷǳˣ΢΢һ˼µ˵ݣ¾λˡ
ʱҲҶǳǿҶǳʱɫһ䡣
ȻΪǶǵһʱյ˵һ崫Ϣһ֪Ҷǳò
ڣҶǳǰôܲ𶯣


1084 
Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ

λ𾪵ؿˡ
ҶǳһۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ԭҶˣԡ£Ҷӡһɫ۵ӣҶǳ˱ȭЦ
£
Ǿƹˣ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦԭƹ˵ʦˣðɡ
ʦܣҲƹ̫ǲ̵һλŵӣҶǳŻ硣
ԴΪȣҶǳ츳ʵڲ̵һλǴʦ֣˶ʦܺʦá
𰡣ڰҴ£֪һܸˣҶпտȥƳ͡ƹЦ˵
һһҶǳЦŵͷ
̺ƹĹϵ˵Ц
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҶǳĿþϾޣҶǳȻǽš
ɽϴĽǳ࣬ҶǳƹûĶãԴЩĳ
ĳͺǿңҪ̶ֳȵĽ֮УҪץȡѶȾͿ֪ˡ
οΧᣬѶȾ͸ˡ
ԣҶǳҲҴ⣬׼
ų٣Բսһ˻ԣ˾ֻܴƽˡ
ˣǾֻԱˡ˵ĻôҶǳֻˡ

ͻȻд̶ĺХϷ
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥʱīɫĽâĽ֮У·
ǽ
ˣ

ϲɫ
ҶǳĿҲâ׼Żᡣ
âĹ൱ʮսȫһټΧƲҲаסеһâ
ҶǳĿҡ
䣡
ʱѾ˶ˡ
ԶιЦһϷȡһţʣµĽˡٶȺܿ죬һŴ쿪нɫϯȥͬһΣһâ
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Ϲ⽣ɲô׶õģɡһֻЦһץǱιĽ
벶ȸں֮
ǣƹԹعóѣ
ԣҵᣬ˶ˡ
ৣ
ᱻιһâʱҶǳĿͶâĿȡ
ûᣬ񶼱һŽˣôʣµŽҵˡ
Ҷǳ˵գͻȻó񽣣һȥ
ռ
ڰɫˮīʱϯµĽâһӾ档
ռ£âĳѸټ
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ͬʱҶǳٶһУһԲεĹ̶ʱ˳ȥâ档
Ҳһ
Ϊһļ̳ˣȻ޷ãеļʮȴǱȫˡ
ҶǳͷųȥһǷӡ˵ʺȡˡ
âԲι̷ӡ岻Զһâλ֮ɫ
ݵǿ𣬹Ȼ
ƹԵؾ
ˣɫһҶǳеľ񽣣ϵսףԼǷӡâԲι̣жһ˿ʺ̰

Ϊһ֮Ҳֻӵһѣ⻹ǿڴ
Ҷǳȴһó
뵽ҶǳΪ˵һĴˣõһ壬»֪ӵжٶĽǼʡ
ǴˣŽҵˡ
ڴʱһɫ۵عЦһǵâץУâ֮ɢһŽιӡ
ɶ񣡡

ղŷˡ

λ״ʱһʺ֮ɫ
ʱعѾ˽Ҳٶع֣ǾͲˣǿսˡ
ƽ⣬ѾˣҲԸƣֻܾˡ
ৣ
˿̣ҶǳҲŽ
Ž̺֮Ŀֲ⣬ҶǳɵϲɫΪ⽣Ľܴ⣬ûκԡ
Ҳ˵գҽתΪռӶǿԼռ
ʱ˵Ȼĺʱ𽣹ٶ򽣷嶥ˣ׼ȡ
䣡䣡䣡
֮󣬸߿֮ٴ̶ĺХ
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥɵɫһ䣬漴һϲɫ
ΪһΣʮâʹʮǸҪᣬÿٿԶһŽ


1085 
ȻʮŽǲҪˡ
ãôལҸƾ£ȡġ
ã

λ¶ЦݣûܵõǵȻˡ
ϾԼ˵ᱻ˴ˣ¶Ҳѿ
ԣܹܵõǵȻˡ
ʮŽδˡ
ҶǳҲ¶Цݣ̤ն𣬳ϷȥеľѾҵĽâ
ռ
һǰҶǳʩչռʮŽĳȻóȡЩ
ʲôȻһʮŽ
ˣǷˣһŽĳ൱һλʮսȫһʮŽĳ൱ʮλʮսһǱУ㲻Ҳˣֱˡ
ݵǿ𣬹Ȼոߵ󣬵Ҳ̫ˣֱ

ҶǳһʮŽԶȫŴˣһɴ۾š
ƹһ֮⣬λȫһͼЦֻһ߸ȡԼеһŽһߵȴҶǳ˿Ц
λҪغ֪ܶ࣬ԼʵֻһŽǻаա
ĽԵ֮ȡõĻ˵ȡһš
ҶǳһʮŽǿֱûʮһսʵ˭ô
ʮŽĳ൱ʮλʮսһȫһǿɱһλʮսˣҲֻʮһǵսܵס
ҶǳʵȻǿ󣬲һܹħĴϣǵʵ¶Ҫǿ󣬵ǿҲޡ
ʮŽ
ߣ
λһȡԼеĽһֻЦؿҶǳǱߡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ʮŽ䣬ʮֲĽâնѵص񽣣֮ϼ˺Ѳգء
ֲ̫ˣúܶսһſŽ֮У̺żǿİ罣⣬ݿһ㼤
ৣ
ҶǳռϯһڰɫˮīʱȥʮŽС
磡
ͬʱҶǳһԼ߶񽣶ʱǵصĽٶ£ʮŽĳ
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ˮīʮŽĺƴâ飬ǿٶȺҶǳĽ磬򶼺ҡҡ׹
ǿѹҶǳųǿ𡣡
ħĴĲԩҵȿҲԶĶ֡
ûƾ޷ʮŽ

ԶλһĻо̾ģҲҡͷġ
ȻڴʱǵͫȻһ
ȴǽ統УҶǳһ׳ʮţӭʮŽ
ЩŶɢǿϢλϸȥȻǶǶ
ʮҶǷӡ͵ʮԷһŽʮŽȫסˡ
˻
ʮ
̬

Զλȫһ𺳡
ʮֱް
λпɬҶǳһĽʺޣѹֶԷаʮŽôĶҶǳǿʵȻа
ֻʮһ֣ʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪½һֻʮһǵսӵжһֻһ
ħϣ̴ϸԪʮս񼶱ǿߣûж
λҲֻӵһڴġ
ɴ˿ɼжô
Ҷǳһ˾ӵʮȻǴӵһڵõģ֪һжٶأ붼һĽͼʡ
ɱ˵Ļλ¾̲סˣԷҶǳʵǿ󣬻һĴɽȴǲᣬֻĽͼʡ
ʮŽ֣
ԶҶǳʮŽʱЦݡ
֮ǰŽһ˾͵õʮŽˡ
Ҷǳû뿪˵أ׼ȡ
Զλ״ɵüͷǾãҶǳȡѶȻúܴ󣬱ϾͷҶǳˡ
ȥʲôʱռȫʮŽ
գƹʵҶӣǲǻ׼ժȡ»֪⽣Ҫڰ֮˰ʱ䣬еĽʧˡ
Ҷǳüͷһȵָ𣿲ûϵ׼ԼãǸ˵ġ
ѣûģë˵ؾëڵĵط̫ԶҲܰѽˡ


1086 
Լã
ƹԲɵȻʧЦҶǳЦʵҶӣǵһ˵ɣ⽣һãǾǰ֮ڣֻʮŽֻܵȵ֮ˡ
ҶǳЩȵףƹ˵ÿʮ緢һνһ緢һȥ֪ͨ㡣
Ҷǳ˿˶Է˼Լһ̫ལλЩˡ
ȻʱֻʮŽҲûҪڴ˵ˡ
˵ƹƭⲻܣԷܻƭҲƭ
£ҶǳЦ˵ԭˣҾ뿪ˣƹпһȥƳǣٻᡣ
Ҷ룡ƹʱһЦݡ
λҶǳ׼뿪Ҳ¶Цݣк
ûҶǳὣҲ˿
ݣ
ҶǳɽɽһȺ˵ע⡣
Ҷӣʷ￴Ҷǳʱ۾һæ˻֡
˿ҶǳҲһη֮ɫ
Ҷǳǿ𣬲̵ĴˣһĴˣͷ̫ˣ
Ǻǣµҵ
ҶǳЦſʷ̤ն¡
֪Լһ¶ʵô׾ͻᱻ˲³
Ͼ½һܹﵽսĺ٣ӵбȼʮսʵľ͸ˡ
ҶӵĴ׹ǲ²Ǿǰ׳ˡʷЦ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ӹŽ˵ǴӦ͸ĽǶл֮ǰҵĸ֪
Ž
ԶЩ˶ʱɴ۾𾪡
һЩ˸Ľʺ޵ؿʷ
ʷԼҲˣԼеŽЩŵŶҶǳŽȫ͸ң
ʵ̫ˡ
͸㣬Ͼû֮ǰѣҲ֪ĴڡѾռʮŽǶġҶǳЦ˵
ʮŽ
Զһˡ
ʷм֮ɫæŽ
ˣˣԵٻᣡҶǳ״һ׼ȥ
վס
ڴʱһȴʴ
һ̣һ̷̤꣬գ˫֣һ
Ҷǳ۾΢΢һУϣܵһǿϢ
ͬǾս񼶱Ϊ˵ʵǿڳľսҪǿĶ࣬ȻҲһš
Ҷǳںؿˣʲô𣿡
Ƿ죬ҴѪӵеǱδע۰½ĿޱưͷֺҶǳ
Ҷǳһ±֮ɫѾĽԼҲˣҲܳʲôңʲôǱйϵ
ΧˣĻȴһ
ʷæҶǳҶӣԲһ壬Ѫǲһ̫ӣһλǿ˵ӵеǱʵǳֲ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ⣬ʲôϵ
ţ
߰ĿҶǳиһ˿ɻ󣬳ɵ㲻ʶҴҴ֣Ӧõͷ񣬹𣿡
Բۣ
Ҷǳ˷۾ͣһǲԴˣôһΪǵӣǰ׳
£Ҷǳͷ˵㵽ʲô£ûˡ˵׼뿪
վס
ŭҶǳǰŭҶǳȵô˵ôĵӡҸղſŽϵĽܶҲãóʮŽңȻͲˡ
ҶǳԻȻϬɨ죬ЦԭҪҵĽǾҪûʵˣδĵܵܡ
һļЦʱѷŭˡ
õ
һǿսһٱ˻һ񽣣пؾˣңңնҶǳ
ǰŪֱԲѰ裡ҶǳЦһеľ񽣶ʱգһƴƥĽâʱգնۣ˴һɳȥ
ۣ
Ѫһ𾪺ͲŵصҶǳ㵽˭ôӵս
׳գڲ֪ҵݣӻˡҶǳһתȥ
Ҫȥһë˼ȻǲһˣȻɱ֣ȻղһѾɱ˶Էˡ
óǰ벽Σ츳ϧǲ̫Զˡ
֪˭𣿿ң
ҶǳԼ뿪ˣŭҧгݵɨ򽣷µˣȵ
ʷüû˵
һ˵˵ǲ̵Ҷǳųǿ𡣡
Ҷǳ
ͫһ漴һмļЦǿ𣿺ôĿʮǿһδʥδҶǳƾʲôųǿ𣿼ֱЦ˴
ˣѾûڴ˵أϾͷ뿪ˡ


1087 ˧
ҸѪеǱδؽ۰½һôţһԼ紵ʲô˶С
뿪֮Ҷǳһ˲Ƹ·һ߻콻ľɵҡͷʧЦ
̲첻ϵرҶǳһձٶȷǳ죬Ԫ֮չֵ쾡¡
úҶǳһС˺գ¡
ڴ˵ǰݼء
Ҷǳ뵽
漴ҶǳͷųСûˣ㰲ˡ
¡¡
һ
ҶǳһطһɽȻȥϥ¡
óʮŽҶǳһţ㿪ʼ
ˣ
ֲĽ⣬ȻصĽ˺Ѳ֮ϵƲ㡣һɺ嫵Ľϯ𽥱Ҷǳռա
Ǻñ
Ҷǳ۾һϲɫ
Ч֮⡣
ⶫֱǽǿߵǴĽⱻռ
ҶǳܵԼռԽԽǿ
ռǿˣҶǳΪͻһСΣӾսڣ˾սڣʵٶǿࡣ
Ҷǳе˷ܣԴ̤ս񾳽֮ٶȾͼˡˣÿһСΣ˵һ޴Ľ
أ
ɽҶǳһɳ죬ٴ˲ݼء
ӹպϺҶǳܿͿһƬȵĴء
ݱȣݼظȵ˼㣬ͱݵıɶԱȡ
ȵĴأս½ĺԭɫʯð½Ʊһ
ңԽƬ½ҶǳоΧ¶ԽԽߣͺ̫һ
ϹͺͺģһЩɫʯͷ֮⣬Ķ
ֱٶȸ·һºҶǳһƬɫĴɭ֣ĿȥһƬͩɵɭ֡
һÿͩߴޱȣͨ쳹أľ֦ҶïʢεأسһƬɫ
䣡䣡䣡
һɹǿȻƬɭ֮кɨֱǿ̬̽Ҷǳⶼ۲һ顣
ߣ
ҶǳһǿֱӺɨȥЩ̽ӣһЦòһ壬ѵԴ˵𣿡
ǲ
ǰѿһߴӰ˳һƬȵĻˣΧ¶ȶࡣ
һӣĿ࣬ϢͬԨһ˫Ŀ⣬ɨҶǳص˭һİˣɲǲһĿˡ
Ҷǳ
ŶĿӣҶǳĿҲһĨ֮ɫΪʮս񣬶ұһʮսǿ࣬ٱǿ󣬱ܵħҲҪǿ
ǲ̵ӣ
ҶǳŶԷ˵ǲ̵һСһͷˣ˸ߵȰ𣬺һǰڣ֪ǰǷʶͷҵѡ
Ҷǳǿ𣬻ɱӹ콾˵һĴУħ϶ǱӴܣ˴ܲʶ
ǰĿӵ֪Ҷǳݣʱɫ
ΪҶǳǲ̵߾ʹ̣Ϊݶɣ㲻һҲҪԴ
·ڣҶӣҶӿ룡ӣҲǷڣæ࿪ӣҶǳ벻һء
ͬʱڻЦ˵ҶᵽͷˣӦþǷ˧ɣǼһҺϤҲǲһţ벽Σ˵Ҫлǲ̵Ǵˡ
벽𣿡
˧磿
Ҷǳԣһͷ
ëﵽ벽ΣȻܾȣҲǲܣϾëΪˣۻһ壬ĲοԺܴ
ǣ˧ʲôһ
ԣһʶô꣬Ҷǳ֪һ֣Ǽ缦Ľš
ңҿ϶ëǰ־ԲǷ˧硣
޳ܰ֡
ҶǳҡҡͷΪѾ޳ˣû뵽һ޳ܵģѵǱˣ
Ҷ룬ھϵ˧硣һҶǳȥһóһſռ䷨ּϵë
Ž벻һأҶǳǰľˣһ޴ķݣ֮Уֵһ޴ĳǳء
Ҷǳ಻һ˶ϾǶܸӦĳҶǳǵˣһࡣ
ҶСӣ
ȻһϲĽӲԶ
ҶǳĿȥһİ̤ն
ϣܵһϤϢ
ë


1088 Ⱥ
ҶСӣ㰡үΪһƭء˷ǳ˧ӢǴϸܵһϤϢҶǳ˾ë
ιʲôʱƭ㣿ԱߵķЩߵ漴ֶҶǳЦȻʶǾӴɣģҾͲˡ
лҶǳ˵ͷ
㲻øһŵģСںôҲǲ̵ĴˣǿˡëЦ
Զû߶Զķԣһͷͷëһۣæ뿪˵ء
磬þòҶǳϴëһӾͿë˿̵Ϊսڡ
˲ˡ
Ŭõһ壬Ŵﵽսڣë˵½꣬Ҳôɡ
Ҫ̵֪Ľ庮ҲûΪ
̫ˡ
ôǿ
һ벽Ϊôֲ
ʲô磬СӸҰս½һжүڽ˧磬ҲԽ˧硣ëҶǳ
ҶǳƲ쿴˵˵δôô޳ܣ˧أôǼһѧˡ
Сӣүǰ־ͽз˧磬ȻҲǱүԼģǱϾ˼ǧˣϰˡë
㳶ɣͻȻҪ޳ܡҶǳҡҡͷ
ôƭӣѵһҲ½ˣȻĻƾı£ǲ½ġë
ҶǳͷЦҴģҲʹһ˹ˡͨռͨռͨҲٵˣǹʱǾһ
ô˵ǸĻ쵰ˣûȥս½ë
ҶǳЦȥս½ҵͻƵѪ磬ˡ
Сӱ̬ⶼӮëпǰҶǳйâʢԭһȥ㣬˵벹̺ҾͲˡҾ֪Сӿ϶ĬĬû뵽Сһͺɨλ𣬻ʥĵӣ˵һĴС㲻֪үһò˵һ̫̬ˡ
ƴƴڵĳɾͣ㣬ֱҴһһ½ˣӶ㣬ҵİ£ҲֻǴﵽսѡ
Ҷǳ̾ؿë˵Ǿս񰡣ڴ֮ǰݵļλ𶼲㡣
ٺ٣ҲŴﵽս񾳽ġëٺһЦ漴Ҷǳ뿪ߣȥүסĵط̸
漴뿪
ҶǳһϢҲڲһڴ
ҶǳɲĬĬǿͬʱǲ̵Ĵˣӡ

ëסһ޴ޱȵİɫһȾ浽ʹӣĳһǳܡ
СӣҵΪﵽ˾ս񾳽磬ʵүҲףıã˺ܶΣӵڵΪ
ëҶǳһڣ漴̾Ϣ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷһôˣëһߣܹȻ˲١
ղ˵ݵΪ籾үøǲһǲ֮𡣡ëָ˵
Ŷʲô𣿡Ҷǳɫ
ëٺЦʲôɵģ˵ļ򵥵㣬һȺİһΨһܵģҲʦͽͼѶѡԣڵԵøΪ˽ֻʦͽ⡣
Уǲһ˾Ͳ˽𣿡ҶǳȻë˵еǷ༥
ǺǣǲһȻҲ˽ˡëҲЦ˵ȺĸȺʲôȺһڣһãЩãټʣһã˷ܵڵȺ
Ҷǳš
ë˵ǲһȷҲ˽ˣÿһŽᡣԣһĳһһţһͻصϧһд۵Ϊһ֧
˵գëҶǳϷŰǲ̵Ľ庮˵Ҳǲ̽ͽܣжԸҲֻнŻɣǽ˵ĽҲֵ̫ȥ̫ԴĽ庮ҶǳʦΪΪҲֻܾԼ㣬Ĳ̸֣ɲ̫㡣
˵ɶǵ࣬ҪȥģֻΪһ˸̫Ĵۡ
ë˵ŵȺһÿһֻҪһţôŵĸĸ尢̡үүȵȣΪ˹ϵԻ᲻ϧһдˣͬţȺڵҪΪǿڵš


1089 鷳
ëĻҶǳΪʲôȺţΪôˡ
˵ǰëһķ죬ͬǰ벽ΣȴѾﵽս񾳽硣
֮䣬ʦͽ֮⣬ȷôܣɲӡ
ȺһŻˣЩѪϵϵȻҲ͸ܡ
ֻǣë
ҶǳؿëʵǴս½ģڲһѵҲˣ
ëٺЦֱϵȻûУͨѪԵҵһѾ̽ˣһһλս½Բս½˲һ塣ٺ٣ڣѪԵĹϵһɻصҡȻЩ򵥣ٱүɹˡ
ڵΪҲˣһΪѩһ׼ŶϧΪһЩⱻõˡҶǳЦ
ǶڶԱүûãˡˣ˵һһöСӦɡëĽ֮ɫһ尡ǿʥ֮һҶǳõ˵һ壬ɼжٺñ
һöڹͺͺģһŶûˡҶǳ̯̯֣ҡͷһ̫ˣԴùˣԲ˵һմˡ
˵Ҷǳ˻֣ʱһҰ̽ӡ
ëüͷһ֪ҶǳԸʱ˫Ŀ˫֣һ˷ܵؿҶǳǲҪֱԴûУǵһ϶й԰ɣҿ˵˷ӡ飬ǲһ̫ԶڻûеõӡСӸϽó
ҪķӡһЩڷӡļ⣬һλʮսǿߵļ⣬ѻӡаҶǳЦЦӡëļ⡣
ʮսǽëȵû뵽Ҷǳôܵ̽ӡ
Ҷǳҡͷǽһλǰ֮ǰȥ޵յѰ𣬼һλ񡭡
Ҷǳյһһ
ëʱɴ۾Զʱһǿߣҩ԰ҿСʵңڵռ˼Ӧ֪ʽɣֱרΪǿս
ٺ٣Ѿѷʽ˵ʽˣֻڰˡҶǳ΢΢Ц
ް
̬
ëɴ۾ǾϲĽ
ߴ𰡣ҪǴ˳ȥ½ڵġ
ڶЩԼûˡ
ϧȻ֪ô壬Ѿ޷ˡ
ңҪӵһͿʼӵз˲ҪԷϣȻð𣬲
̫ˡ
϶ѡ·
ֻ˵ҶǳܺãõԵ
ҶǳҲܸжëԼչˣ˵ûëûڵĳɾ͡
ԣëҶǳû˿أ˻֣ѵһĶ˳
ৣ
㼸ʮƯ֮Уâ貣ҫ۶Ŀ
ëĿɿڴ˷ܡ
£СǷˣʮһսУóʮ
ëһĽʺޡ
ҶǳЦѾҵʺϵĶЩûõģ㾡
үȻëҶǳһӣϾļ
ֱһѽһսףһ˷ӡĶһ͵Ķ
ǳϡҶǳëѡĶǳͬص˵ͷ
ˣȫȫˣԻëʵ
ò˵ëӣ۹ȷ
ǣҲү˭ëһš
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦëʵټϲһĵ̣뿪½ëҲչѩǣûк֮ˡ
Ҷǳ֪棬ӳڴʱһŭȴ洫ͬ
˭ڹУ
ëɫһ䣬жʱŭڣȻ˸Ұ
ң˻Ҷǳ鷳ģֱ¡
˵Сӣ㻹Ǻǰһ鷳ǵǲһˡë̲סҶǳ
ҶǳѾмһзĲˣӦʶҲһ벽ڽʱҪҵĽҽѵһ١
ԭǸ׳հ֪Լ硣ëȻ漴һЦ


1090 Ѫ
ǵĹϵҲǺܺðҶǳëı飬ʱ֪ͷĹϵ
ëмǼһһ׳գһ벽𣬱Ҫ絹ǲһ̫ӣһλͬǰ벽𣬱үԵ
ҿɲôΪŶҶǳЦǿԵͲҵ鷳ˡ
Сӵţëһ죬ʱҧгݣȾͳȥ쵰һ첻Ƥȱүȥѵ
ҶǳЦеĶºȾƣë¡Ͼëĵ̣ȥãԼǳ鷳
ֻǣûһëʹȥ
ǵԼҶǳЦҡҡͷѶ鷳겻
뿪ҡ
ɫ⣬һվһëԳš
ҶǳĿһɨʱˡ
һ֡
ͷվһ꣬һһǿʵǳֲҶǳҴ⡣
Զ׼λ¾Ƿλ磬ŵǱĲһ̫ӡѪ
ѹëҲ޷ֻ
磬ҶǳһҶǳʱҧгݵص˹
վڷԱߵ꣬ҲתͷҶǳĿһ쵶˺գƬռ䶼
ֲ̫ˣ˫֮лһƬѪпµ¶
һǿϢڴƬء
Ѫʲôëɫһ䣬æˣЩסǿơ
ҶǳһѰëļϣԼǰһߵѪǰһǿƣϱ
¡¡
Ѫû˵ֻǺҶǳԳţ˵ԽԽǿγɿֲķ籩Ƭش
˿ֲһĻȻҲ˺ܶ಻˵ע⣬һĿ⣬һ˷
ǷѪЩ˶û
СӲųǿƾȻһ㲻ȷѪЩ꣬СӵĳɳѾ˱үԤϡԶë𾪵ؿǰҶǳ־ϲ
ڶ棬ҧгݣŵصҶǳû뵽ˣȻôǿϣȻĴ翹·硣
ȻҶǳΪǿ𣬵ֻΪһЦϾʥʮǿһʵҪǿݵɵ
ȻʱҶǳֳʵ÷еηһĳš
ʥδʱȷʸųǿ𡣡
Ѫڿ˵ˡ
Ļ£ϵҲ
Ҳû뵽һôҹĿ࿴ҶǳЦҲԼϵơ
Ѫҵܵ۲ʶ̩ɽ㣬ѵҲãǸ˳лϴζ顣
硪󣬷Щŵصɴ۾
޵еĴ磬Ȼ˵Ǹ
ֱ޷⡣
ҶǳҲǿ󣬵ҲûҪ˰ɡ
Ҷǳһ۷Ѫ漴ҡͷһС¶ѣû¡
ҧгݣԷ˵û£Ǿû£ֱ衣
˵Щݻ֪ԸķѪʱ͸Ͷһŵ˵ˡ
Ѫ漴ԶëЦ˵ҶּȻͷ˧ѣҲǲһѣɣȹʱ䣬һμһᡣʲôᣬ˧Ҳ֪ġ
˵꣬Ѫʹŵܷܵ뿪ˡ
ڻȥ·ϣĵؿԼĴѪ̲ס˵磬ǲһ̫ӣʮǿޣбҪǸһ࣡
סһһ𡣶ǿߣӦηѪϬĿ죬ŵ÷Դһ
ѪƳһİɫ漴Լĵܷܵ죬˵ԸҪһˣôȥһẦԼú룬ڽʱɱˣʲô
϶ұ𣡡
ѪߵΣ㱨ܹ𣿶ңʵ࣬Ҳɱ˵ȺĲ̿ɲǲԣʱɱ㣬һûСҲ²⣬ʱɱ㣬Ҳǿڷ˧ϣǲһֽ㻹Ҫл˧硣
ҲŲлǸ쵰أ˧һҧгݣҶǳʹ޷˧硣
֮Ϊ֮ɣѪҡҡͷ̾Ϣһת̤նȥ


1091 ս
ԼѪԶȥҧҧ漴Ц㲻ҳͷٺ٣ǻȥ鷳ġһɱĵӣ˵һͷצ嶼Ź
һֻЦݡ

ɫëҶǳ½ҽ̸
СѪѹס㣬ţԣСѾɵʽķʽһʩչʲôѪҪѹ˻үСڿĿԺųǿˡ
ëпؿǰҶǳ
Ǹյ꣬߳ս½ڶʼư½ˣ붼ò˼顣
û˵Ҫ֪ǲһ壬ʮǿޣԶǿࡣҶǳҡҡͷ
ңʥĴ˻ûг˵һǻƽʥ壬һ˻壬ǷǳֲĴڡҶǳ˵
ëٺЦֻҪ㼯˾ŴɷʽǶĶ֡ҿǴ̽ˣմսĴڣǺɨ½޵֡
ڰ𻹺˵ںڰԨѾʦΪȥѰˡǹӦҲ֪жôѻãֻܿˡҶǳҡͷ
ںڰϣܴ󣬵ǶڹϲκϣˣϾ̫ˡ
ȷЩŪëҲüͷЦϣ˱ɣСԺʵǿˣҿ
ͿԵˣҲǿˣʽķʽѾˣҵõ˺ڰ𣬾͸޾κζˡҶǳһŵ
ëҶǳŷǳϤս½ʱµлҡ׼ҵսңҶǳ˵š
޵ߵţһܵţɵȡ
үͳһë°п
ҶǳʱʵղŷѪ˵Ҳμʲôᣬ֪𣿡
ʮǿ޵ᣬʱʮǿһ𡢰벽𣬶μӡ
˵ëͻȻһתٺЦСɣү˵ܹıһԵҲǶл͸үǼˡ
ŶҶǳղŻʮǿ޵֮أ½Ȼʮǿޣǿֲ
Сӣ˵ս𣿡ëͻȻʵ
սҶǳԣԺлڲڿһЩ伮йâһ΢΢Ц˵ںܾ֮ǰ½ûһ壬ǴһģǸ޴½ս޴½

ë˵ͷ漴˵಻һӿ񱩣һԲϾʹ֡ˣ޴½еﵽ޺һϯ޴½޴ս㿪ʼˡΪԴ̣޴½ȺȫսˡյĽǽˣ½ˡʮǿ޵Ҳǳս֮дġ
ҶǳЩµҿ໹֪ƣȻ½ͱݻˡ
Уǿ˶١ëмҿ˵ˣںܾ֮ǰüζҪ½صսϹʱһսɣĻֹˣ½ͻٵˡ
Ļ֣֪һЩʲôҶǳȵؿë
ëٺЦҲ̽һЩ½ʷֺܶοֲսĪͣЪˣ·һֹֻ֣һС֪Ҳֻ࣬˵½ˮɲ⡣
ϸ˼ְûϵ˵˵սɣôͻȻﲻѾɷ𣿡Ҷǳҡͷ
ëͷȷɷˣ޴½֮󣬺ܶǿ嶼Ǩȥˡ½ģҲмǿ֮ƯҲǰġһЩСȺ޴½Ͼʵ뿪޴½
˵ëһĨ̵Цݣɭ棬ûʴȣΪĥеÿһʱ䶼ǽ޴½
ô˵ҲҪ޴½Ҷǳüղ˵ˣʮǿޣΣհɡ
Σտ϶еģ˵ʮǿޣλʮλ벽𡣴⣬޴½壬ҲǿߣЩΣա޴½ȻˣһЩ棬ЩͷǿûãǶǾսõġ
ëٺһЦǰҶǳЦ˵ãҿܲܰҲŪȥ뿪ս½ôãүѾþûкˣǴһɨ޴½ưս


1092 
ëĻҶǳʱĶˣë¶һĨ֮ɫɻҿܹ࣬Ūȥ𣿡
ٺ٣ô֪ʥҲеӽСëЦһ彻ãÿһʮǿ޵ȺһѰԮĻᣬѡ׻ʥãȺȻûй̶ѺÿζһԮȥ
ҶǳӦòһССľսܹİɣԮ˭
ëҡͷһ֪ῪʼŻҲһÿһһƼĻᣬһʱûѡҿһƼ㣬ı£ԻԮȡ
ҿҪԿҶǳ˵ͷȥ޴½ıԵǴҪģҪëİΣԼȥǱһ㡣
ߣҴȥڡëҶǳ뿪ɫ
úëһأһͷ׷һƤϵĲ񻰵ߡ
Ҷǳоޱȣ˱ӡеλǰ⣬˵ǰˣ顣
ңĳַ˵λӡȻܴ󣬵Ϊ󲿷ʱ䶼ӡɹӷࡣ
ǰһߣȴҶǳһʷУֹϵĲɣϢֱ޷⣬ޱߡ
Ҷǳҿ϶ٻһϡ
ʱһֵëضǰ񣺡ݼڡ
֮ëҶǳһڣһʮˣս½ĵһͷˣһӡ
Բۡ
Ҷǳŵøæ񣺡Ҷǳݼǰ
һʮ갡ѹֲֻɣУϷԶʱĩڵĹǻʯ궼١
Ҷǳʵ̫ˣ˵޳˵ĹȻû
ǰϷˣľǾһʷ
˧˰Ҫˣɡλĺϣ˵Ŀܴ飬ǿëǳͺοһ˿
ȻҶǳ˧硯֣̲סƤ˳飬о泹ױƻˡ
ëһ⣬ЦڣҶСǺһս½ҿųģҲ֮·ģû뵽ڵĳɾͶˣصشݼϣƼεԮ
λתͷҶǳƺʲôųһĨ⻪ͷ̵ȷһ˲õ˲ţСһܲ
ǰˣҶǳԶʱܳǱ˵ܲмһˡ
λڿǻһٶ֪꣬˶λ𣬼˶ţԷ˵˵츳ˡ
Ǻǣ
ҡҡͷĿ֮иһĨ䣬ǸӰҲǸСһô㣬̫̰ˣԲս½Ҳ˺ܶ꣬Ҳţڿ϶Խˡ
ڣû׼ս½λڻأӦ뿪ս½ǰˣս½ս񣬴ôʧġë˵
ڡڡ
ҶǳԱĺϿڣΪëˣ޵ôëкܶڡ
֪ǿ֮жô£ұǸëĻҡͷʮǿȺ޴½½ʱҲǾΣǻеǡһսҪں嫵ǿ֮дǷǳѵġ
Щģë֪ôοˡ
Ҷǳ۾һȻս½ʱԽ׳أĿռͨ²⣬ܶս½ս񣬿¾ͨռͨ뿪ˡ
Ҳλս½ϵĵһͷˣҲλڵӣܾǴ뿪ġ
£ҶǳԼĲ²ǰڡ
Ŷ۾һ·ߵĻɽһӾˣһ˫ҵĿ⣬͸˲գĲһ嶼кܶ˴ӳ˯
λסԼϢȻҶǳëͲˡ
ȻпռͨǾпͨ硭ţһ˿ϣ
лǸӣ곤²ΪҲܹ޾£ȵ
СһлϢİɣһƼεԮЩмؿһҶǳ˵
лڣ
ëҶǳæл


1093 ˮ
˴ڵס
ٺ٣ɹˡ
ëݺݵػ˻֣Ц˵һȻӦˣǾͳɹˡ
Ҷǳп޻泤ꡭֱ󡣡
Сӣﵽ磬ȻҲܹ롣ëЦ漴ղ˵ռͨ𣿡
Ȼģ
Ҷǳ˵ߺҶȥ׳ĥԽ׳أռͨͨͨٿʯҿȷЩսǴ뿪ġ
֣ͨ½ͨΪβ½ëɻ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ¶˼֮ɫ漴˵ս񶼲ǣ۽޷ȣҲռͨ⣬Ժصս½ˡ
ôأëֵ̯ڵʵȥս½ܵСų⡣
ҶǳЦֻҪﵽ磬ӵĵܵСѹƣȻԽС硣
ϻ⻹˵ëԷ˷ۣȻɲô״ﵽģ½ôﵽҲָ
̽ôҲʮս񾳽磬û˵硣
ʥеĴ˵Ҳûб֤ʵ
ĿǰΪֹҶǳǰԶʱһǿǵ⣬ûĵˡ

صɫëͱչȥӡˣǲһҲе磬һ꣬൱ʱ䣬ǰļ⣬ѷӡСɾ硣
ڴڼ䣬ҶǳҲûţһӡһԼռΪǰս׼
һΣԵĶÿһǼ򵥵ģʮǿһʥֻǲ֪ʥĴǷ֡
֮⣬һЩǿԮĶǰ벽ٶǾս񾳽磬С
˵٣Ȼٺǿ󣬵ë˵ˣ޴½ΪƻأѾʮһս̤롣
ԣһ޴½پֻܴҶǳ棬޷սһֻԼ

ʱš
ʮת۹ȥ
ҶǳҲ֮лΪһܿҪǰ޴½أû뵽һȥʮꡣ
ЩΪԪ̫ˣʮѾǺܿˡ
ëҶǳҡҡͷ߳ҡ
ˣˣῪʼˣҲȥ¶¶ˡëһ˷ܵҶǳ뿪
һ·ϣҶǳҲ˲ǰȥһ嶼ڼ仹вǿߵ
ʮǿһٰ죬һֵǲһٰᡣë˵
Ҷǳ֮ǰʮǿޣǲһ壬˭
Ƿֱ䡢׻ǡë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷĿЩأ޵ȷλʮǿޣǳǿ
ųƷһޣ׻ųƹһޣǳ׺ݣթ
壬ûһġ
ᣬΨ̤㣬λ𣿡ĴſڣסҶǳǡ
Ҷǳë
ëǿŵĲһۣŭʶү𣿡
ŵĲ˵˵˧磬ҵȻʶ㣬أҪ֪ɲʲôèܽȥġ
£ǲǷСıүģҶǳʶǿʶ𣿡ëһˮ
˶ʱΣҲЩͷƤ飬֪ëǣֻҲҵ죬Ͼ챳һѪ
ҶǳؿһĻȻתͷԶ
ϣҿݵǿˡȺ֮߳һߴЦһ߶Կŵ˺ǳǿ𶼲ʶ𣿻Ͽÿ
ǡæÿ
ëҶǳɫ˶µ˷նģҪҶǳ鷳
ȻŷĴ˵ΧһЩμǿȫΧ˹һ˫˫Ŀ⣬ҲҶǳ
ǿ𣿺ôĿ
ԭǲ̵ҶǳܹõһĴУȷЩ£Ҫ˵ǿǾ̫Բˡ
еǿ𣬿ɲݵǿݹޱߣ֪˶ǿʵǿɲܽеġ

һЩ˱˫ۣǳǼЦ
ԼİִǣǲԼ˵ġ
ϾܹΪģһ·ܵ޵ߡ
һһοˣҶǳõòЩϿɡ


1094 ն
ܹΪģһ·޵еĲߣ˭Ǻɨ£޵ֵĴڣ
ˣԼ޵ţǲΪһЩΪҶǳԼǿʥĴˣЩſ⡣
ûţҲͲܳΪˡ
ڣҶǳųǿ𣬡ǿۣʵһЩвˬ
ͬƾʲôųǿ
Сӣ񣬺ߺߣ
Զһֻ
ַҶǳǳˡ
ôǺܲҲȥɱһĵӰҲȥɵ𰡣
ʱҶǳû˵ëȽһĵɨΧˣֺг˼֮ɫ
ĻһЩ˳Ĭˡ
ĵӲôɱģϾĵӶ
ɵҲߡ
콾Ǹ׳գ֪һԸȥһᴫСӵ壬ʵ֮֮ǿʲôèԿġӦùڵһ飬ĳЩè
ȻһۼЦӲԶ
ҶǳëȥȺ΢΢ɢһʯλʱ¶˵ǰ
ӦˣһʯλԲУΧ£һƬԲζ䳡
ղŵĻǴǰһȦʯλеһ˴ġ
ҶǳѾ˴ˣŶԷȥ
һһ񵶵Ķ̷꣬һ˫ͬһϬâ¶˲ֱӡ
ʣһ
ңλӣһ
Ϊڴ˵Աߣֱʮǿһ𣬷Ѫڴڵλ
Ҷǳһˣʥĵ٣λӵжǿߡ
˿̣ҲҶǳ˵ͷȻϿҶǳģϾҶǳ˹콾
ղڽУ
ëվҶǳߣ˫ۣ°̧úܸߣѷĿɨΧ
Բۣ
һ±
Χһ㶣˭֪˵𣿾һλ
ѪҲĿһͣûпڡ
Ȼ֮󣬲ɵֻؿղǸ񵶵Ķ̷ꡣ
ʱ̷һ˫Ŀë貵ĵâʱ˺Ѳգɱë
һǳ̷ֲ֤Բһ
ëû˿η壬˫ۣһɺͲм
ҶǳЦһҡҡͷ֪ëڵ֣Ҳ̱˻ɱëοղëΪͷ
أ䣡
ҶǳֵٶȺܿ죬ָסһâȻ͵һâʱʹâʧ֮С
䣡
һһɹɿɼƣͬˮһ㣬˷ϯȥ
г𲻶ɽ֮⣬Щ벽𣬶΢΢һɵطų塣
ʵ
̷궢Ҷǳ漴Цƾ˻ɱ˹콾һǱһɱģΪһ鲻ܻὫнˡ
Ҷǳûëŵʯλȥ
䣡
һ貵ĵâ˸㽫Ҷǳǰʯλ顣
̷ԼʯλϣҶǳЦңҪеİ׳ˣҿ¡
׳գ˵˭أëЦ
̷Ȼϵö࿴ëһۣΪУֻ𣬲Σ
һ˸߰ëûðɣֵװʲôٰʧ߶ѣֲĴˣʲôֵýģڳ𣬳֮⣬˶ûսܹ
⵹ʵ仰Ҳʹ˶̷ģʯλվһ˫Ŀë
նȷܸˣʲôʱһ벽ҲǰˣΪҶǳ㣬Ҿɱ𣿡
ͻȻ˲ëǰһȭǿȭ⽫ҶǳһֽȥΪ֪Ҷǳɱëġ
ռȭ
Ҷǳͬȭҵȭͬһ緢ֲգǰĿռ䶼ˡ
Χ𣬻а벽ȫų壬赲ϯನ
Ȥؿţն磬ǲ̵ҶǳߣܹǰһǵʵֶΪ
ҶСӣѹˣүȥţʹëٺһЦͬһ⣬ƹУ䵽նԭʯλ¡

նɱʱǣëѾ׼ŭˣռλ⻹λӷ
תɱë
ιιιĶأҶǳҡҡͷնסˡ


1095 ޵ȭ

ն
ȻѪһͷˣֲˮһ㣬ƳصĻɽ緢㸲
䣡
նͬһͷ˫Ŀɱ죬Ϊ֪ɱҶǳ޷ɱë
úã
Ҷǳйâʢսκˡ
䣡
ҶǳıһɸӷڵѪҵĽת̫Ҫ貶Ŀ
أ
ȭȭ⣬ײһǿֲһΧĿռ֧顣
ͣ
һƬֲķ粨սģΧϯȥ
Щսǣа벽ǣȫ֣赲Ϯķ籩
ȭ
ͻȻеնһȭһߣ磬һצȭг˳ŭ𣬳Ҷǳɱ
һצǵأת֮䣬ɲգ·УХ죬ǳ𺳡
ǿȭ
ôойأ
նʯȭ
ĹϵǺã˵ʯģû뵽ĵӲ򡣡

Χ۷׷ס
𿴵նһȭԵ
Ҷǳ籩ģᵽһȭĿֲأ˫ȭʩչռ⾳ױ
һֻ̣ȭͷһֻ˺ɫһֻ˰ɫ
ڰ׽㣬֯ĩٵռ֮
̫ΪʼռΪĩ
ҶǳһȭȥΧһɿµֻϿڿٵأǿ貣·ͬĩ٣رը
ʲôȭ
սȫĿΪһȭǸܵ޵еƣƺǶ޷ֵ
һ޵ȭ
ռȭû뵽СӶռȭ֮УνһͨͨĽٶǿֲëҶǳ˽⣬˿̶ɵסˡ
δյ꣬ѾɳΪһòӡ
ս˻ģ鳲
նӿȣƴˣΪҲܵҶǳһȭĿֲ
䣡
Ҷǳңûʲô˵ģֱӻȭȥǿһٱƬطڲѡ
˶ûкˣͬ貵ǣݺݵײһ
䣡
һɾ춯صĴըʱϯ캳أһ֧顣
ĿųģǷ籩룬һצŭ𣬲ϵɱҶǳۣǳֲ
Ҷǳ˫ȭȴݻһڶϮһצɣֲȭնѪɳȥ
ʲô
𾪣ն羹Ȼˡ
Ӧ˵ܣֻ˵·磬Ͼˣն˵Ǹࡣ
˲䣬նͻָˡ
ǣȭıƴ֮УȷܸҶǳ˶óˡ
û뵽ն羹Ȼˣһ̾
ô˵նֻǶȭѣǵҪ֪ӵ壬һ֮Уûܹڵʤġ
ô˵˵ҶǳߵǽҲûչֳʵ

Χ۵Ͱ벽۷׷ףԵЩȣƺû뵽ҶǳܹռϷ磬Ҫ֪Է𰡡
Ҷǣ
Χۣնо˳裬񵶣ڻʣһǵصľâʱϯС
Χ۵ǣʱɫ䣬һվ
ղҶǳնֻȭ棬ƴǻսԵֵ
ն綯ˣǾƴһսನͿֲˣҲܵжԴˡ
ն磡
һӰնǰס񵶡
ǷѪ
ҪңնĿעŷѪ
ѪҸӣҪ򣬾ȥսﶯ֣Ҳֹ㣬ڵĳҲֹġ
˵ûһ岻նҶǳڡ
Ͼն磬Ҷǳǵͷ̫ˡ
еһڲڣôһθ

նһ侲ˣȷһǲɱҶǳġ
ãҸѪһӣȽսն˵漴תȥ
У˵ʲô󻰣°ܽһҲҴԲѡë
նһȴûжԣαҶǳܣѾûڴ˵ˣֻеɱҶǳϴˢ衣
ն֡Ѫն뿪һֻ̾öĵܷܵʹ˸ɫȥն硣
ʱ֮лعæ˸߲ҵ׷նȥתתһıϢת


1096 ޺
նȻ뿪ˣɾУҶǳµëҲնλϣܵҶǳԱ
Сӣɵòû뵽ռȭ֮УôĽжôֲë̾
ҶǳЦĽأҼǵ򽣹ڣôˣ
ǻ潣Ͼ˻ϵߵ𣬽뽣֮Уټҵķ˲ܷǳǿ󡣡
ëٺЦӿһĨţүаսŽΣŰɣҪ˶ãүҲΪġ
ҶǳԵؾëǿ壬ɶ𣬲Ŵﵽεģֻһ֪ʱΪ
ԣëĺ
ǻӵĸɣëһдͷԼĸĺǿ󣬲ͼƻһС
ȻҲȺйϵһ˰չߺܶ·
ӣ츳ӦǿëΪûָ㣬ֻܿԼԿ»ᱻڰ벽Σѽ𾳽硣
սúôһεǾͼƻҩ԰ǵҩҲ̤𾳽硣Ҷǳ
ë۾ʱһҲҶǳ֪ҩ԰ϢԴ˷ǳڴ
ǿԶʱһǿҩ԰֪ʲôĵر붼üޱȰ
ǵÿ㿪ҩ԰ǵĵرΪ϶ǣʮս񾳽Ҳпܡë˵
ǵ츳ʮս񾳽磬Ǿ൱ʮһսλ½۷壬һǳǿˡ
ǲߵǴİ

Ҷǳë˽𡢰벽Ҳڽ
ѪνսǲһֵģȻڶѾˣǲǸ͸¶һЩϢˡ
Ȼһ
Ҷǳëתͷȥ
ֻԶ׻ԨЦ
Ŷ֪Ҫ֪ʲôϢѪ˵
ΧǶֹͣǿȻҲ֪һЩսܡ
ϾϾҪǰսˡ
ǺǣҲʲôܣǰսᱻ͵
ԨصǴҶ֪޴½ΪܵصƻѾܶܵطӡ֪һλᱻ͵
ԣĿҲ
޴½Ļ˵ǷǳΣյģǺܶطӡиǳž޴ΣһС̤Уʮս񶼱ɡ
ԭ
Ѫܵ˵Ŀ⣬Ц˵ʵ㲻ʣҲҪߴңҪ͵ĵطսĺģĺġ
ʲô
ôô
̫ΣˣǸȺ𣿡

ʮǿһİ벽Ƕʱվһŭ
ЩȻɫأȴסûпڣֻŷѪ
Ѫߵ˳ȥսȺô̽µıѾˡҪջֻȥսĺģΣ棬͹ؼҴţûǿȥ
Ļ£һȺ벽ʱ˵ˣһʱ䳡ѻȸ
ΣǰԨڵͷѪ˵ĲȻҪȥսǿ϶ǳŻԵȥˣսĺĻ࣬ǲŸлõ
λ𶼷׷׵صͷΣΪΣնȴ
෴ǾûΣգҲʲôˡ
ϾʮǿȺֲǵһǲ˹ȥˣ֮ǰôΣ϶ͰһЩȡñĵط߹ˡ
ջǾҪΣյĵطṳ̂㣬Ȼб
սĺģ˵һЩǿҲһЩʮǿҲ˵ٺ٣ڴһλ𿪿˵
ǽȥҲһҪõһЩǿĥδûЧ
ǺǣҸպȱһʮǿеĻƽǷǳʺҡ

ǿʼ̸һǳǳţսĺķ
Щ벽ԣ硣
磬սĺ֪٣ҶǳҲëϢ
з˧磬˧磬ү˵˶ٴˣᡮۡ
ëҧгݵصҶǳһۣ漴˵үͲ̽ˣһЩɢûüȥǻ϶ǾۼսĺģŻǳΣգȱʮǿޡ
ٺ٣Ҳһͷʮǿ޵ҶǳЦ
ʮǿޣǾһǿս顣


1097 
ն뿪󣬷ƨƨߵ׷Ƴ˷һۣߵ㲻ȥμᣬܳʲô
նˣǿͣҴģʲôҪ㾡ܷԸЦĵӣǳϾʥ֮һʵǲһ֮ϡ
ǵ͵Ӳ
ߣѪնЦǲһһǿԮЦ𣿡
ëıǿԿóģҶǳëһͬͲµҶǳǲһԮ
նˣʹҴˡҧҲ֪˧ǼһʹʲôֶΣȻ붯ǲһλ̫ϳƼҶǳ֪ģԭǲѾԮĶ֣Ҳֻѡˡ
նйâһŷйڣ
ԼؿڣϸһĨߺ֮ɫҧгݵ˵Ǵһ٣
նȻ漴ŷļɭЦǺܼ򵥣˵磬ʱսһСӣ㱨𡣡
ҿ˵ҡͷϴҴΪҳͷҶǳͲҳͷҶǳǸ
նЦҶǳ̣ǲһͣҶԸǾʹǲһ̿սȻôǣսҶǳ˭֪ʱҲ˵ʲô
˵ҲеԻȻͨؿ
նĵؿ˷һۣ漴Ц˵ҶսҲһЩ˽⣬˵ʮǿеһرһ˵һһأ塣ǰ벽ȥһݣпܻΪ𡣡
أ
۾ʱһΪʮǿеĲˣȻҲ֪صĴڣвɵĶ
ֻҪ붯֣ұһ𣬻أõԵնһЦؿǰķ졣
նӣʵǿޱȣټ彻ãնټ磬ôкܴĿܻء
ãһҴ˵ġ
Σҧҧ¶˾ġ
βԵõܱѩޣֶΪ
նЦҶǳʵȻɵλҪҶǳ׾١

ᣬڼ
ǻ죬ҶǳҲڸë˽½սĵ顣
ҶСӣһҪҡֻë˫Ŀ⣬۾Ҷǳ
ŶҶǳ¶֮ɫ
ֻëЩ˵֪ʮǿһرսĺģ˵ҲһҪҽء
أʲô𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ûôëҡҡͷ漴˵ⶫģڰ벽ΣܹȥһݣпܻΪ𡣡
˻ȻıҶǳһϲģһȥ
ҲܼëΪҲͶһ֣ٹ¾սˡ
ˣܹش𣿡Ҷǳ̲סʵСһء
Ƕһ壬ҴҲûãֻزãȻĻһ뿪޴½ʱ򣬾ͻˡëҡͷ
ҶǳʱЩʧˣֻҪܹëΪҲˡ
Ҷǳë
ڴʱһźۣߵˣǰ
Ҷǳ̧ͷˣ΢΢һϳԮʵмλԮߣñ֪ǵݡ
Ҷǳ𾪵ǣȻгˡë֡
Ҫ֪ëϷƣһЩ׽⣬û֪
˭ҶǳĿˡ
һԣëҲצСӣ˵ʲôүз˧磬ϴˡ
Ǻǣ˼Ϊϲƺ
ëЩæ˵˧磡
˸Ŀڣë侲ĿŴˣһ𣬾Ȼ֪ô˽ܵ飬Щ⡣
Ҳս½ҶǳŴˣڲ²˵ݣԷȻҲս½Ȼ֪ë֡
Ӧʶң
ЦſҶǳ˵ǵʱѧԺǾŪġŶˣ㻹ɱһ촺Ŀǳ๼
ԣ
Ҷǳһ𾪵ؿǰˡ
һԵëҲŴͣЩš


1098 ʦͽ
ԲҶǳʱǰѧԺһλԺ
Ҷǳ׼ѧԺȴ촺ѹòţйһ
ţԲŪġ
ҶǳõϢԲõһҩ˵ڶ
ֻû뵽ԲȻҲ½ڸǳΪӡë
ʵ̫ˣҶǳе𾪡
ң֪ΪΣҶǳԲϣܵһϤϢֻһʱ벻
û뵽ϼһȻҲ½Ϊ𣬼ֱ󰡡ëǰԲ̾
Բһ΢Цؿë˵ԡǵһǵڶ䶼ҪҴöࡣ
˼ǣϼһ
ëһЦԷ
Ҷǳйâ˸ԲƺǶǳ˽⡣
ǰʱڵĿģû뵽ܹҾһҶǳٱЦ
ԲҲٱһЦſҶǳϳͣû뵽µ۹˲õĺ󱲣ϧǸ̫ˣ飬ȻѧԺˡ
ҶǳƲƲ죬㻹ѧԺѧԺͲᱻٵˡ
ˣҶǳЦⶼǹȥˣǰ
ԲְɣߣΪȣڵʵһǿҿɲǰԲҡҡͷЦŴҶǳĻ
ҶǳЦǺã֣֪ںδ
ҿɲã˲̣ʦΪԲЦ˵һɢޣһʦ𣬱һɢ޺һ㡣
Ŷ֪ʦǣҶǳʱˣ̵ܹԲ𣬿϶һˡ
ǺǣʦӦʶǻһءԲЦ˵
ҶǳʱͿˣһôܣԲʦ𣬿϶ŶԣƾʲôԲʦһ
ʱѪվЦλ㵽ΪֹˣպǱһͬǰսԤףλǵ
Ҳվһ뿪
Ҷ֣ˣպٻᡣԲҶǳЦЦת뿪ˡ
ëıӰһܹ찡ǳǰһˣѧԺһûС
һûС
ë仰ҶǳйâʢԲıӰȻ֪ʦ˭ˣԭˣѹϻһҸеϤϢ
˭𣿡ë
Ҷǳ˵ʦǶճǵĳ½컪
ճǳëɫԭǴˣһ˵Ѿʮһս񾳽磬һѹʦΪʦ˷ӡӦòȴ˲ˡ
Ҷǳ˲С֪ĹʲôǡǵҸλԶʱһǿšǴ˵ĹŹϾ˺һɫǳֲ
Բۣ⻹ûһĻˣëɴ۾𺳡
ҶǳͷĿ£ֹˣԵǣһһΪκ˷ʱ뾫ôܻ᲻ǿ󣿡
ǷӣֹҲΪǿߣûԼıˣʲôëҡͷ
ҲǿҪ׷ҶǳҲҡͷ
뿪

һһλһ֪ͨҶǳдŽ̡
ҶǳɻؿëдţΪʲôҪдţʲô
Ҫϵֱ̣ÿռ䷨ּˣαдţЩûдˡ
ʵ״Ϊ֤õġëЦ˵ҪսԸģ棬ҲֲñˡȻĻҪǺȻˣ̿϶ǲһ鷳ô
ԭˣҶǳԵ˵ͷ֪һĹ˼ɣһӣһűˡ
һ˴ҴҴ뿪ˡ
ҶǳëһЦǱĿ

պ۾˫˫һĴ㳡
ͬʱЩ׼ǰս𣬻а벽ǣȫϹˡ
һλһ̫ϳϣͻȻ٣˻֣һööɫľ巢Ÿڳÿˡ
ǿռ䴫ʯǽȵһ֮ţͻᱻԶͻ
λһ̫ϳϵ˵ڿʼһ봫ɡ
ǰһ޴ĴѾâ貣ҫ졣


1099 Ǳ
ռ䴫ʯ
Ҷǳеɫ壬ȻܵһŨĿռˣ޷ãֻܱ
Ҳ˵λսһ꣡Ҷǳë˵
ëЦһѣת۾͹ȥˣʱЩŰʱǵһأүһҪΪ𡣡
ãҶǳ˵ͷëΪҪ˵ڴλԶʱһǿߵҩ԰
ʱëȥҩ԰϶ջܴ
գҶǳʼռ䴫ʯȻëһ̤ǰľ޴
ǳ޴еͰ벽ʮˣ棬ԵúСͬһ㳡
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ͻȻ貵Ĺ񷣬˺˲գ޾ǿ
ҶǳʱоµĴ̨Ƶһ㣬һռѷ죬Χ֡
͸Щռѷ죬Ҷǳһ嫵Ĵ½
һ½
𣬻ɽ緢رɽѣء
кˮգʯײأֱͬĩ١
޴½𣿡ҶǳһЩǻǷ񰡣һ½Ĵ½Ȼƻӣкüֲŵµİɡ
䣡

һ̨̣ϵˣȫ˿ռѷ֮Уһ貵ĹŰţ޴½ķ
޴½ҵĹ硭ϣȺСһЩջ񡣡
һ̫ϳϸ̾Щ̾Ϣ
磬վôù

޴½սġ
ɫգȻһ貵ĹŻգŴײ
¡¡
ʱһɽײ¶һЩӡ
һ˴֮зֵ˵⴫ܲȣȻˡ
ܻŹͲҿ˵ڰ·ͱ˺ǿ֮У֪һµЦ
ԶһӰҲ̤ն
ЩˣǱ͹ǡ
޴½𣿸оռ̣ѹֽ֣յС
ҶǳԱߵë˵
ë̾½ˣƶ˹ʹĿռѹֻܴսϵǿ߲ܷУ˲ƣвͨ
ǰҸоٶȶ½ࡣҶǳҡҡͷоЩӦ
ٺ٣ǶһԲԿëЦ
Ҷǳǿɲһ㲻˵ﻹвڴ˵ô꣬϶Ϥ˴˵صĿռѹһǣǾҪСĵ㡣
СӿǿʲôʵڲУֱ÷ʽȥʮսҲܸëֵ
ҶǳЦʽȵʹãΪĺܴ󡣶ңĵƣؼʱõģõĻ֪ˣ鷳
ףͨǹȥ
Ȼëָǰʮߴİɫʯӣڲ֮¡
ʱһȺǣȫ
Ҷǳһ߸ŷȥһߺؿëʵͨʲôΪʲôȺһﶼȥˡ
ʲôֻǱõģֽǱʯëЦ޴½ı־ԶֻҪ㽫һѪȥʯϾͻһɫǡһǣһǱʮΪ¡
ҶǳԣɨԶǣ϶ֺ̬ʱЦЩһҪʱһˡ
˭ΪԼȱ˲ͬʱÿ˵УڴΪԼǱߡëٺЦҲܺ棬СӵǱﵽǡ
һмǱҶǳʵ
ë˵ǣεţٶǱǿģﵽǡʮǣǳС벽Ǳǵǡ
˼Ҳȥһ°ɡҶǳЦ˵
ëٺЦүӦǣǿﵽΡ
˼ٷǰͨ
һʮͨ£;ۼһȺǡ
ѾڵѪˡ
ʱһɫʯ棬һЩɫǡ
һЩ벽ڲԣԴĿǡǺǡ
ǣ
ҲˣԼı֣ǳ⣬ڰ벽УҲǱǿһС
֪˧ǼһǼǣ첻ɵתͷҶǳëȥ
ʱëպòֻ꣬ǰİɫʯϣʱ߿ǡ
ôܣ
ʱɴ۾ŭͼʡ
쵰ȻǱ
ף
߿ǣ
һ벽ȻǱ

ΧһЩˣҲëˡ
ëԵúܵ⣬Ƴһ۷죬ҧгݡ


1100 
쵰
ԶԶëһӣ޵ҧгݣһֱëѹţëͶԹ졣
ŰɣɱҶǳҲҪжݺݵ뵽
ֻҪҶǳһë緭֮ھܽѹ
ǰڣҶͬӵܣ绹֡
սɱë˭֪

ʱһЩǣҲʼԼǱˡ
˵Ŀ⣬ҲЩǿȥǳࡣ
ǱȻսһ˵ǱߵͣԺĳɾͣȻӡ
ԣǶǳڴ˭ҲԼǱȱ˲
ͬʱҲеһЩǣһԳǱȱ˲Ǿ̫ˡ
ô˿ţҲûҪԣǻ
ϾԵûУ̸ʲô
ɣ
ɽЦһһɫʯȥָһѪ䵽ʯ档
¡¡
ʯӾȻнɫĹ
󣬱Щ벽ǲҪң˸ڴˡ
𣬹Ȼһ
ҶǳëҲؿ˹ȥ
ֻǸʯ棬һſŽɫǸ֣һߡˡ
˿ǣ
ʮǣѾǰˣǳߵǱ
˶ʱ
ɽҲԵúԺЦЦ
˿ǣضΪʮս񰡣۰½һδľͷ˳޵
ΪʮǿһĳԱǶͨǳ˽⣬ܹԳ˿ǵǱδһΪʮս
ɽ˿ǣ֪һǼţ׻İԨЦҲָһѪ䵽һɫʯ档
¡¡
ٴγˡ
˶ۿţֵĽɫǡ
߿ţֻ߿ǡ
ȻҲΣǰԨɫʱЩѿ
˲ҳЦΨмλǣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ҳеǣǻ᲻Ҳ
ԨǱҰɽЦԨһϷŰ֮ɫ
Ԩ߳ŭɭǱߣҲǸʱҪ֪·ȥŲ֪ж١
ߣó֮ͬУ˭ܹƵҵķǰ׻ųƹǿҲƲҵķҪ˵˭ЦҲ塣ɽŵ˵
Ԩҧгݣȴ޷
ǰ׻幥ǿȴκβķǰ׻ķȴʮǿġ
Ҫ˵ǰ׻ţ·ɱĸࡣ
԰ɣ
ѪһŮӣѪɫսۣԵӢˬ̧־һѪ䵽һɫʯϡ
¡¡
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Ѫɫʱû˵
ͬʱԨ˿ǵ׵ˣȻˡ
Ѫ㲻ȥԿ𣿡һɫ۵Ц˵
ڡ
˶ʱ˷Ѫ
ʮǿҲֵȼģһڶǶ˵Ǳ˷ǳ档
һǾſǣս˫ȭڴ
ԺģѪҪȻҲ᳣˵еǱδ۰½
ǱһζģǱĸߵͣδĳɾ͡Ѫ˿Ц
̧һѪ
¡¡
һΣʯĸһĿĽɫâƻɽ緢һϵֱ񷡣
ɫһ䣬ֲֿ󣬱֮ǰɽԻҪƴ¶ѪǱͬСɡ
ڵɫҲˣһֱӷѪΪľ֣ԷȻûʧ
ſǣ
Ȼ˾
𾪵ؿʯӣȻ˾ſŽɫǡ
ʮΪ𣬾ΪδעҪΪһߣӵе·ǱɾͲ
˿ѪĿ⣬ǳη
ҶǳëҲ𾪲ѡ
һﻹǿֲë̾βм죬ǶڷѪȴǳη˾еǿߡ
ҴȻеǱδؽ۰½ЦԼԻҪˣؿë
Уֲ㣬ʲôŴ磬ܵܣ㻹Цóë
㡭ëŭ
ˣѪԼ׳յܸܵеЩͷۣ⣬ԶڣЦڣˡ
ǺǣſǰѪѹ󣡡ЦЦҲһѪ
¡¡
ƴһҲȷѪ
ĽҲûг˵֮⣬ҲǾſǡ
˿ûбȷѪ
ʮǿһ𶼲Թˣ˲ؿҶǳնЩԮ


1101 ʮǱ
ԮҶǳڣҲλʥ٣ն磬ԲԼһԲһں֮Уߵˡ
ǴϣҶǳһܵһϤϢ
֪⼸λԮǱΣ
Ҷǳųǿ𣬴һǱУǱЦ
˵ʥǱܸߣֻΪЩ⣬ȻпܻΪʥĴˡ

һЩ˵š
λԮ𣬻࿴˿ûȥԡ
Ȼ˰ԨľҲԼǱףӶڶˡ
ιιι˵ǲǿ㣬ֻǲǱѣֲǲսǱٸΣսǸԨߴٵ
ˣʵͲ⼸ǱܵͣøԼһͲٸеˡ
˶Լʱ򣬾ͰͲñҲԼһԼͲõˡ
Ǻǣɣ
ԲһЦ̧һѪ䵽һɫʯϡ
˺ؿţһд۵Ľ֣ȴѪô𺳣ɽȲϣֻǸԨһ߿ǡ
ҵǱܵͰԺҪŬˡ
Բû⣬һЦ
ǺǣԨ¶ЦݣѪԲһҲͲôˡ
ԣٶǡ
˶Բû̫ĹעΪźۣߣûʲôǱҲߡ
עģʥĵӣԼųǿҶǳ
٣˵ϴΰܸʥΪ⣬ʵʵӦòʥĴ˲ǱӦǵߵģԿɡ
ĵն翴Զ٣г֮ɫ
ΪĵӣȻ˽٣Ҳ֪ٵĿ¡
ӵж˷ǳùϴٱΪùˣȻпܾʥĴˡ
ôһ˵ҲеľѣٵĿ⣬Խڴˡ
ն磬㲻𣿻ǵǱ̫ͣٵ˵
նŭȴǲں˵Ǳ͵ֻͣðѣȲڡѪǡȻ뿴Ҿǿɡ
˵̧꣬һѪ
ԵĽȷܲֻ߿ǣЩӵݡ
վҶǳԱߵëƲһ֪ԼǱУǫ䣬ⶪˡ
ٰɣն˵ûٵǱܸߡҶǳ֪ĿֲԺڴٵĲԡ
ն֮Ҳûˣ̧һѪ
˾ǣٵѪһɫһɫ·һʥһа񣬺ڰ֯ǳ档
Ƕ壬ȴֳ޻
˵ѪҺױɽɫ֮޵£޵Уѷ֡
һԲȷ޵£ʷмصġ

۷׷ףһʯϣڴ
¡¡
ʯӾҲһ۵Ĺâ˷ϯȥضһƬ
ٵĲ󣬱ںͷѪҪԵƴ󣬷·һߣٻλԣ硣
ֹٲԵʯ󣬾ʯӣҲâţ·ʯĤݣߵݻߡ
һ塭
һʯֵĽɫǡ
ʮǣʯҫųҵĹâԵޱҫۡ
ʮǣ
˾еޱ𾪡
ʮǣǱлΪ
Ҳ֪ϢһԲȷ޵£ΪǱضġ
Ǻǣָ͵
ѪҲʮǱԹûжˣÿһǳưһߣͬıݽ޵ķȵȡ
Ȼ˵ûΪٽᳬԽǣϾ忿Ѫʣδעģиı䡣
ٵδǰðѶԲ磬ʷȻԲĶ޵£Ķӵǲڰ·ϣ޷Բ
˵öԲͽѶһѵġ
Ҷǳˣ㲻ǺųǿҲݵģҿǱǲǱٻҪߡ
նһϷŰؿҶǳ֮ɫ
΢΢һЦٸǿʲôЦʮǱѾˣôܻǿ
ҶǳǱҲʮǣǵʸΪǿ
ҶСӣȥԣүǱ᲻ëҲߴٵ
ҶǳһЦָһѪѪҺֻͨǽɫģսѪҺһ
˵Ŀ⣬ʱҶǳԵʯӿȥ
ǲأ
ûд۵Ĺâ֣ʯȴѷ죬Ȼֱѵˡ


1102 Խʮ

ëʱɵˡ
ʲô
ʯӾȻѵˣ
ʲôˣ
ëڳˣһ㶣漴Ŀɿڴ
ûʲô貵Ľֻ֣ԵʯĪˣ˸е
ҶǳҲüͷ֪ô£ΪʲôֵԼԣʯӾͳˣ
Ҳ˻Ҷǳֽš
ˣָҶǳһ̵Ҷǳ㵣ĶҲòƻͨɣ
˵ĲôҲһλǱҲǣûʲô˵ģαƻͨʵ̫ûˣ˸еܡնҲЦ
ԨҵһԼ˵ģеܸˣȴǳ˳ʲôǿ𣿼ֱһЦ޵󱲣ɳܿЦ
ǵĻҲЩɵؿҶǳ

ë״ʱҧгݣŷŭĿӣ˵ʲôأһǱǱûһȱүǱߣʲôʸᣬ˼ӵʮǱûϻ¡
Ļնɫѿ
Ҳˣֻǰ벽𣬵ǰԨն磬ǱҲֻǸëһ벽ƽǸеܶ
˧磬ǻҲԣĳЩԵĵӶûС쳰
ëߵ϶ʯ⡣
˵꣬תͷҶǳ˵ٲһ¿
ðɣҶǳ˵ͷҲе֣Ͼ֪Լûֽţôѵʯ⣿
Ҷǳ̧ٴһѪ
˼״ҶǳĻɼһЩŵڶʯӿȥ
أ
һ緽ţʯѷ죬Ȼһѵˡ
ëŴ֪ͣ˵Щʲôˡ
ӵؿҶǳЦûӾûӣ˸еܰǿҲȣǲҪеͨٵ
ûˡ
նԨüͷǸʯӡ
Ϊ֮ǰĽζɴ۾ϸۿҶǳôţҶǳҶֽţôܻùǣ
ԣû˵ҶǳǹٵЩʯӡ
ţ
˵֮Ҳֵı飬Ǽλ
硭첻ؿԼĴѪ
ѪҿĺҶֲûжֽš
ȻŴĻɻΪʲôѵͨˣ
ԶԨ˵ոǲʱúõģôͻȻ֮ͻˡ
ն翴ڣüʵʮǿһʷѵûأ
ǼȺ뿪޴½̫ˣǼ̫ᣬ˭֪ôԶ顣ڵһЩ̫ϳӦ֪Ȼȥʾ֪ˡ˵
Ѫ˵ͷҲֻ֪ʮǱߣû˲԰ͨŪˡ
ҾҶǳǱ̫ߣʮǣͨܲˣˡëȻ۾һһ˵
ͷԲмԲѣʮǱѾˣôܻбʮǸߵǱѵδܳԽ𣿡
ԵͷѾǿˣû˵֮ϻиߵľġ
Ͼս񶼷ʮǣȻҲỮʮǣ֮ϣôܻиߵĴڡ
½ʷϣûּء
λȴЩ²⣬뵽һЩ뿪½׷ǳԽ߾硣
ˣ߰ɣǱٸҲֻδڸϽȥѰԵɣϾֻаʱ䣬Ҫ˷ʱˡ
ѪϷĻ뿪ˡ
Ҳ뿪
ԭֻʣëҶǳˡ
˵ҶСӣ⵽ô°ûжֽţëˣѯʵ
ҶǳһЦֻǲǱѣѪ˵ģδ˭˵׼ôΪףҲء
ǰΪʲô˲ԶУֵԾͳˡ
գҶǳٴεָһѪ䵽Աߵʯϡ
أ
ʯҲѵˡ
ëһˣòˣѪҺ⣬ͻѪҺ⡣
Ҷǳ˷ۣðɣЩˣ˵Ҫȥأ֪ô𣿡
Ȼ֪ëһš
ڴʱǰȻһ
찡Һ
û뵽Ȼֱ
öҺȡ

Щ֮ǰ뿪˵
Ҷǳëһۣ۾һ
Ⱥһ﷢ֱˣߣȡˡëһͳǰȥ¶ˡ
ҶǳҲˣһ񽣣˺գǰ
ԶԶأǿһɻɫȪˮһǰǻɫȪˮ


1103 ս
Һ䣬꣬ǿľǿá
Ȼܹǿʵľǿĺôʵ̫ˡ
ԣһ
ڣҪǮƵģһޱȼ뾪ϲ
Ҷᣬ֡
û뵽޴½ּıҶСӣ㲻Ľ𣿸ϽĽĺö
ëһҲɹȥҺˡ
ҶǳҲٷɹȥˣľѾﵽΡɽ磬ôȻһֱûͻƵĲΣһؿ
֮УľΪĲΣôĽĴɣԻ壬ܹɱС
ĽһܹɱУǷǳֲģΪֱԵ˵飬
ԣ㴩ϵսף޷ĽĹӰΣֱӹ˵飬ǳֲ
ҶǳԴڴֻľΪ̫ˣ½ô꣬Ҳû˵˰ľΪ˵ĲΡ
ΪԪָ֣ľΪҲֻǴڵΡ
䣡
ûʲô˵ģҶǳֱӳҺһЩ벽ֱɱҺĽ
ʮλѾ๥Һ
żЩɢҵҺɳȥЩ벽ᡣ
ɱǱүǱүģë¶壬ֻͬ񽣣潣âȥΧİ벽Ѫɡ
־ŭͬǰ벽һȻǿ
Ҳ˸̾ѹӵǱȻֲ
ԶëչһҧгݣûҲᣬһЩҺԼûҪðա
Űɣñˡëš
ʱǼλѾúܼˡ
նѾγԼ񵶣һ貵ĵâأõһɿֲĵ籩Ƶüλˡ
ռȭ
ҶǳӶڰɫռȭͷֱɱ˽޾ǵ籩
úãն״ʱǸһĨ̵Цݣٵ㳯Ҷǳɱȥ
أ
Ҷǳȭ⣬նײһ𣬱̶
ֲ籩ǽսĵطϯȥء
ʲô
նɴ۾š
Ҫ֪е񵶿һҶǳȻͽֿ⣿жôǿ
ৣ
ҶǳȴǲһֻץҺһӱȡ˺ܶࡣ
λȻҶǳôɻãҶǳ֡
ҺԨɱ˹һһצ˺գ·涼һצӸ˺ˡ
ֲֿĹնȫһҪǿǺųƹǿİ׻塣
ȻҶǳƾϵĶսףǿҶǳӲס˰Ԩһûкˣȡ˸Һ

ԨЩĵصɴ۾ҶǳĿˣһﲻǿ𣬹Ȼ
ֵĿɲֹԨһˡ
Ѫ࣬ɽԼˣλһɱ
ټϰԨն磬Ǳλ֡
¡¡
طˡ
Ҷǳǿ˿Ҳĵɳȥ
λ֣ʵֲ̫ˣڳûκ˿ԵֵʥĴ˶޷⡣
ڴҶǳ֮󣬱Ի๥ɱҺ
ɱ
Ҷǳٶɱ˽ȥ
ûѣұ˴˶ǵˣҺҶǳλٶ֡
ҶǳҪһˣȡҺҶǳɱɵôЦһһȭȥ
𣡡
һȭһɫצʱ˳·ʵ廯һ㣬ɢſֲ
ȭ
˾
ȭĴսȻʮǿսʮǿս
ʮǿս֮ʮǿսΪ嶼ȭȴֻȻʮǿս
û˸СȭĿֲܹ½ưһıȭ
ռȭ
ҶǳӶڰɫȭͷӭȥ˿ûȴ
أֲɫצܣҶǳȭⶼɢˡ
ˣЦ
Ҷǳа̾Լռûдﵽʮǿսĳ̶ȣҪ
£ҶǳȭΪƣʩչʮǿսӡ
¡¡
ֲӡѹǿֱӰǰͷɫצѹǿڶˡ
ৣ
ҶǳûȡһЩҺ
Զ˿ޱ𾪡


1104 ֮ǿ
Ҷǳ̫ˣ֮ǰնͰԨӲλڻڣǿֲ
ǿȻб£ѹֺųǿʥδʱȷʸ񡣡
ǷӡӵһʮǿսŵõӡãȻѾôˡ
ϻǵһսһ϶ĵãǵһĴˣȻҲӵС

սİ벽۷׷ףǾ̾ѡ
Ҳһû뵽ҶǳôǿѹϴѪ˵ӮҶǳ
úúãñ£
ڴЦһȴޱȱ䣬һˣλŭˡ
ϾλʮǿеĵһֻзѪ˺ʥʸĶ֡
Ҷǳֻһ˶ѣû˵ʲôʣȻܹˣʵǳ衣
ɱ
ûʲô˵ģ䣬ݺݵɱҶǳȭ߶˼ޣǿս
ΪžǱսڳϾǰéһ֣û˸С
ҶǳҲҴ⣬ʩչӡǿҲ߶˼ޣڽս
ȻȻսҺ
żǰᣬҲܵǵֹ
˿ķǲսô֣
ҶǳھͺĬһǴж༤ңҺǾһ֡
˶ǿߣһڳû˿Կ⡣
һʱ䣬ǾȻ¢Һ˶ȡ˲١
쵰Ҳ֣ԨȵѪ࣬ɽɱ˹ȥ
ԲնҲ̳֡
ѪҲɱˣ¶ڷ˲У߶˼ޣΧһƬ𺣣˶ܵ˹
Ǵֱʣһ˹ˣû֣һ˶ɱУᵽҺ
磡
ԶսķǳеԺ
ѪȻӵеǱǳֲ
𣡡
ȻһƬѹޱߵϢǵصϯ
ٴһҲɱ˹ͬһħ޵УİԨѪλ𵹷ɳȥ
һȭɽ
޵з
ɽܵٵĿֲǳɵҴ⣬һʱ俪޵з
أ
Ȼ޵зȻסûˣƥɰɽɳȥ
ɱ
ɱǰѪҶǳǼս
ҹն粻٣Բһ˸Լɵһ˹
֮ҲҸ棬ֱնЦ
һͬһ˹ѪɫĳѪҺһƬѪɫ磬֡
ն磬㻹ôţһϤնһ
㣬Ѫޣ㾹ȻҲ̤Σն粻ŵؿǰĺˣԷֻһʹӶѣȻܹ⣿
ңԿѪޱϳֱõϵߣֳһѪɫɱն磬ҺҲˡ

ҶǳƳѪһۣϳ˴ˣѹ֮ǰоЩϤû뵽ҲΡ
ûмǴĻӦǵļϸҲΨһ֪˷ʽˡ
Ѫֻ֪˵ʽķʽ֪˵ʽ
лĻȥشڸҷʽܡҶǳ뵽
Ҷǳ㾹񣡡ڴʱһɱҶǳɳȥݺݵˤһ޴ɽϡ
ɱҶǳһٶȳɱ١
ʥ٣ٴʥʮǿսǳǿֻأУؽ㸲
Ҷǳһȫʩչӡɲ٣ĵɳȥѪ
ǿ
Ҷǳޱأһ潻汻ˣʵ̫ǿˡ
ѹֶ˵ʥĴΪⷢȻͺпʥĴˡ
ҵķӡûдɣʥѾɾ磬ҳǶ÷ʽȻ
ҶǳǵѪҺа롣
ʽڲᶯãڳôˣһ÷ʽͳױ¶ˡ
һߴʵ̫ˣ鷳
û۰½ʵ֮ǰҶǳ׼ŽС
գҶǳٶʩչӡɱȥȻٺڳκһ˶˫ȭѵ֣ҶǳڡѪǵֹ£Ǳĵˡ
һƬңΪҺЩʱ֣ʱжԡ
𣡡
һŭĴ𣬺Ȼµĺ󷽴
ţ˾ͿһߴޱȣͬɽһԳֳһ޴ʯӣ
ãʮǿ޻ħԳҴﵽʮս񾳽硣
ɫһ䣬𾪵
⧲һӴɳȥ


1105 
¡¡
ħԳǳֲͬһŭĿգѪӿȣȼվ죬еʯӺɨȥһ𾡽Եɡ
ǿֲ
Ҷǳչ٣ȫˣŻħԳеļ²ѡ
˵ʮǿ֮УмȺ޿ϡ٣ÿһֻޣȺҲʮޣһⶼεţԽƾʮޣ塢һ忹⣬ʮǿޡ
ǱǻħԳʥԳƽʮǿޡ
ȻεĻħԳڳ˶£ϾҶǳǶ
ȻͷħԳһλʮս񼶱ǿߣǾͿֲˡ
ҶǳǶֻǾս񾳽磬һʮս񼶱ǲܴùġ
ߵĻ»ᱻԷɱ
ͬ˼ұһ磬㲻˭
壿ˣ䣿ǣ׻
ǰĻħԳһ˫׺ݵĿ⣬ɨȫЩ彫޴½ƻھȻһѰԵֱ
߸ԾӴڱգһʯӱݺݵĿڡѪǡ
ΪʹЩʮǿޣƻ޴½ƻļ԰
ɱ
ħԳһӽѪҵѪɣٶȺɨȥѪࡢԨҲҵѪֻһɽԷסˣûˡ
޵з
ħԳݺݶɽǳһĨ̵Ц޵з𣿿ϧֻһս񣡡
˵գٴξӣɽɱȥ
ոڣ
ɽŭз·һͷܹƾʲôʹһˣѵΪӵ޵з
ϧħԳȻۣһɽѪ޵зˡ
޵зҲֻͬ׳ۣԼһεҲᱻơ
ӡɽȻзŭҲҸħԳƽϣתӡƾǿķӲ˻ħԳ¹ӣˡ
Ѫٶȸ죬ڻħԳɽʱǾѾˡ
ҶǳǵһʱץëˣħԳһҪɱʮǿޣûҶǳԲЩࡣ
ûüߣǾѪ࣬Լ׻İԨ
ٶȱȲѪֱȲɽڻħԳ֮£ӵߣ
׼ɣ
ħԳߣеǳŭЩ벽רŶѪԨλɱǽڽڰˡ
޶ɷѪ࣬ɲҪңԨͻȻһĨȫһͻȻתûдħԳɱѪࡣ
Ԩ㡭Ѫŭ;֣û뵽ԨҶ֣ѵΪһӵùħԳ׷ɱ
ٺ٣˵൱ϻ׷ĹҲҪϻܵÿ죬ֻҪܵÿˡԨɭЦ
ۣѪͫһѪٶȹȻ½ˡ
ԨѾ˺֮ľ롣
ʱħԳѾʯӣѪɱ
ƣû뵽Ȼ׻ļһݺˣ޴ħԳЦû˿ͬѪ࣬һӺɱ
ۣѪٶѪʱԨѾԶˣֻʣһˣħԳҲľħԳɱȼѪǿսħԳɱ
¡¡
һȼѪǷǳֲģضڶշ顣
Ѫսﵽ˾սļޣεֵס˻ħԳĺɱϧٶȲħԳȻܳûˡ
գѪ໹߶ħԳһҳϡá
һ
ħԳŴֱͣӽѪĲȥһ̵Ц
漴óһſռ䷨ּдһЩݳȥ

޴½ģĳɽ֮Уҽڣȵ¶յÿռ䶼Ť

ȻһͷȫɫԳҽ֮˳˫Ŀ貵Ľ⣬ͬ۽𾦣ǿա
˵ǼȺӵ޴½ĥû뵽ǾҰĵشǲɱǣôԵƻ޴½
һͷʥԳͬʮս񾳽磬ûȴӵһ˫Դһеȭͷ

أ
ɫգںڵƲ֮䣬һӴӰӹһɿµķ籩
һͷ۾â˸ëƽ𽣵壬צХ˺ա
Կʼˣ
Įɱ

ͬʱ޴½ĺĵشʱо޴ӳ֮ѣв޺ʮǿޣоս񼶱ģҲʮս񼶱ģǶһĿģǾǡԡ


1106 絶
ӳˡ
Ǹֲ
һô£Ҷǳë˴Ŵ¡
ͷħԳʮս񼶱𣬵չֳʵѾﵽʮһսˡ
Ŀֲ
Ӧ޴½ǿսˡҶǳ˵
ë˵ͷ˵½ֻʮս񣬳ʮһս񣬾ͻᱻȥţ
Ȼɫһ䣬৵һ¾վ۾ɴš
ô£Ҷǳɻ
ëŴͣ漴һҶǳѪ౻ɱˡ
ʲôҶǳ𾪲ѣһλ𰡣ˡ
ȻѪʵҲϾ𣬻ȥ
Ȼû뵽Ÿոս޴½һλˣҶǳЩԽܵ޴½Σա
˻
ëҶǳ˵޴½ĺĲ֪˶ͷʮս񼶱ޣвħԳʮǿޣǻǸϽҵһأ֮Ǳɣ̫Σˡ
ôȷһؾûǿӣҶǳɫص
ëЦܲܰ׽һ˰ɣҪðյġ
Ǻãߣ·ҶǳҲе¸ë뿪ǰһء
ڸ·;УҶǳҲóҺݸë˵ҪҪ㣿һ߸·һ
ҲҪľΪⶫô󣬶Ҫ㻹ãܲľΪͻƵĲΡëҡҡͷһ֮ǰҺݸҶǳ
ðɣҶǳҲûиë֮ҲҪҺͿʼãһ߸·һҺ
Һ֮Ҷǳоȫ¶ǱĸоҲˣڲϵš
⣬ҶǳҲܸܵԼľļԭľΪǺģ˿ȴٱ
Ҷǳĺ֮УһεԽԽʵֹ̻ơ
ĽĽҲ֮֮ս½ʼһֱڣûн̻
˿̣ЩҺİ£Ľڿʼ̻ˣһεķâ𽥱
ţ
ҶǳԱ߷еëͻȻȫëҶǳСڸʲôүôͻȻ֮оĵ׷ֵڲϵĸо
ҵĽˡҶǳ۾˵ϸԼĺ֮еǱĽԽԽʵˡ
ҶǳһҺ֮ľͻ˵Σﵽ˵ĲΡ絶档
ľΪֹˮʯɽ絶桢ħĺһ硣
Ҷǳô꣬ڴﵽ˵ĲΣ׷˱仯ӰΣǱʵ
ͷ·һʵ񽣣չֳһɾâ
̶ֳȣҶǳҲᱻʲôħ޷
ӵľΪôҲ޷ùˣĶȻɡ
ҶǳȻûж壬ӵľΪĽܴɣҿռ֮Уʹռһ¥
ںҪʱ䣬ʱû취ںϣֻܵȳȥٱչһˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ˣĽɣҲһơ
Ҫ֪ĽĹҲȲϷӡһ̬ԣǾʷ
Ҳ˵ǿ󣬷ʽսǿҲסĽĹ
ĽӰΣֻ꣬
ս½½ľΪ
ԣһЩʮһս񣬻һЩʮսľΪҲҲֻǵΣкܶ඼Ρ
ҶǳĽ£Ƕˣ޷ܺͷǳֲ
Ŷڴ𣿡ëҲһϲæߴٵԿүǵһ˵˵ľԴﵽĲΣһڶûдﵽ磬֪ʲôЧ
ĽǿЧģֱӹ˵꣬һòݣáҶǳҡͷ
ëʱйˣĸ۵ļһԿܹ꣬붼ÿֲ޷
ţֻҶǳ΢΢һЦĽе⡣
ҲĽĹǺǿ󣬵Ǹ֮ĶԾһܵ°ܱ
ҶǳһټĽǾ绢ҪԴ
ٵĶħĽϾͻħսܡҶǳٺЦٶҲûвˡ


1107 
һƬʪŨĴ֣ǰԶɫŨУʶ̽
Χͻ飬ͬ֩Ƶģ˴ء
ǻɫԽƬ󣬱һˡëɫص˵Σգʶɫ谭޷ֻ̽۾ңʮǿеһ壬ǰϲ棬ڲ֪ûв¡
𣿡ҶǳǸһĨЦҵа֮ΪƣƬȻʶ̽飬Ҳõı˷֣޼ɵض÷ʽˡ
үĿԴëҶǳķʽǳ棬֪ǺεȵϾʮǿսصһ֣˴ʼ֮⣬ҲֻҶǳ˵ʽ
ߣǽȥҶǳǰ棬ɫ˶һƬɫŨڸǡ
ëҶǳߣϾƬɫŨʶһҪɢˣǾͺҵõ˴ˡ
ףսĺۼ
Ҷǳһʱ䣬ǰһЩľƻˣϻӣûмʱ󸲸ǣһƬǽ壬¶սĳ
ǲ˵Ϣܹܵõеķ˲𡣡ëĿɫصѵǷѪǣʲôѲҲΪأ
㶼õأΪʲô벻ҶǳЦ
ëҡͷضûãѪӦòôɵ˷ʱ䡣ǡ
Ϊܷܵ죡Ҷǳ˵
ëЦǷ죬ѪǺں׵ܵܡǣӦ֪ʣһ飬ҲԽΡ
ҲԿأһɹˣֵҲһμѻҶǳЦ
ëʱƾǴ𣬼ֱ˵Ρ
ǣǵЩ鷳Ҷǳüͷ
ȹȥһءë˵
˼ǰ
ɫǿսۼԽԽ࣬лһƴƥĵۣҶǳһ۾Ϳնġ
⣬һ޴צ˷Բǧ֮ڵһС
ʣڲеʵ
ְû뵽кü˻ɫѵǶǳȥģëɫޱȡ
Ѫڡն磬ڣôء
ƾҶǳһˣҲֻܵס˶ѣˣǾͲˡ
ǲһӦòѺùϵɣȥأǾܾˣ֮ҶǳЦ
ë鲻ô򵥣Ѫȥػ˵ùȥںնȥʲôûеܵܣòء
ҲػʲôأҶǳ˵
ëҡͷܣһ뿪ʱ򣬰ܹߵıﶼˣֻǺߡ
Ҳ²ˣȥ˵Ҷǳǰȥ
䣡䣡䣡
Ȼǰըһֻֻ޴ͷ֮˳Ҷǳɱ
ɶһЩߣɱǡ
һͷˣߣƻ޴½
նɱ

Щͷһ߹һ˻
ëɫһ䣬һ壡
˵꣬ѾԳ壬˫ͬ˺գǰȥնɱһֻֻϮľ޴ͷ
Ļ潣˷˲ƥ
Ҫ֪ĹǿټǾĺֲܿˡ
ҶǳйƣëһޱȽӽˡ
ȻֻҪصĽݣԿԳɾ֮
Сӣˣɱëź淢Ҷǳ
ҶǳЦЩһԼܽ
˷ʱˣүҪϵءë˷۵
ðҶǳȥһȥâ˺أһƬͷȫɱˡ
ʱҽһƬ
Ȼ˱˰ëҶǳһȿֲٿԼȫȲҶǳһ࡭ǳơ
̫ӣ
̫ӣһλ𣡡

Ǵеһ̫ӹԮ
䣡ƺǵĺһɿֲϢϯƬ֮䣬һߴӰҶǳǰ
һˣƤȹⷢϰһִߣ˶ɢһǿϢ
һλΪһû𣿡ĿҶǳ漴һȭΧվ飬˷
Ҷǳëǰʩչռȭӭϡ


1108 Ľ֮
һѣҲʮǿ棬뵱һսСʱ򣬲֪ɱ˶壬ǻһ֣֪ʲô𣿡
̫һ߹ҶǳһЦΪǷ֣ĺܺóԣҳȥ֮󣬻ǵΪ
Ҷǳͫһڵžɱ
Ȼ֪һ嵱ɱĲս½࣬ͬΪ࣬Էʳβŭ
䣡
ڰɫȭͷųһĿĹ⻪ױȵɱǰƬս֯š
һȭӰգռѾ飬޴γɺڶ̫˽ȥ
ôŭ޴࣬СҲʮǿޱȼ硣
̫һԾϣͺһ˫ȭգӺڶ֮ɱ˳
ŻȻһ޴β̫ͣӵϮգݺݵغҶǳĺϡ
һǳ׼ݣҶǳǾɱһ
ۣ
ҶǳѪɳȥɫޱأղжս׻壬ټǿ󣬿¾Ҫشˡ
̫ˣΪɺܹʮǿսҲֻܳΪǵϲ̨档̫ӲмһЦ
Цݺܿסˡ
Ըӡ
Ҷǳһ˫չһ޴ޱȵӡʱεضһΡɽ壬̫ײ
Բֻۣ˵˵ѣõôӦ
̫һͷ⻹˵ʲôʲôֱ̫ˡ
Ż
̫ӴһҴˣӵʮǿսѾвˡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
޴βʹ̫ӵϮǰײӡӲסˣֻҲӡ޴ײһÿò
ӡҲˣ
ڵסӡ̫ŶҶǳǸһĨмЦ
ǾɵĽҶǳһЦĺĽѾƿնŶ̫ɱȥ
ô£̫һ˲оȫëˣ·ʲôħˣһΣľ޴ֲסˡ
ĽӰΣ˸ܲȻҲ޷ܡ
¡¡
̫ϺȻһսףΧѸٹ
ȻԼǳţ˿⣬ȷ˵
ȻЩʷĽ˵ֻѡ
ݣ
ҶǳĽûд̫ӵκηֱն飬ɱꡣ
á
̫Ľ˲䣬ڸܵĽĴڣһΣȻС
æ֮أľΪֻǳڵڶΣزסĲεĽ
ۣ
Ľն̫ӵ˶ǻһ漴Ѫȫˡ
¡¡
޴ӡ̫ܵӵһٳ˾β赲ֱӰ̫Ӹ˵صס
ԲۣôղűүĪĲȻѪǲ㶯Ľˣ
ëԶսһĻɵ𾪣漴
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ЦԼûãľΪ̫ˣֻǿﵽڶΣԱҵĽش
ҲȻľڶΣȴǵڶ۷壬ӽΣûһ̫ô
һ岻ϲľҹҲΪľΪǿﵽڶΡëЦ
أ
ʱһǱӰӵص׳̫ӡ
ղʲô̫ҧгݵصҶǳȴе־壬̫ˣȻֱӹ꣬΢һ£ֱֽͬҪǶΣʲôֱɱˡ
ĽҶǳ΢΢һЦ̶˵ǵһԵģԷЧ
ûϾˣΣ
֮ǾУΪ㼴ʹ֪ˣҲ޷
ҪĽ԰ȥľΪˣľôģûǿ츳ȥһ꣬ľҲ

̫˲ͨһ㣬ԭ֮ѹ޷ݺݶǰҶǳЩŵز²⵽ľﵽ˵ĲΣ
ĲΡ絶棡
Ǵ˵еĲΰûмľΪﵽġ

Ҷǳ΢΢Ц
ৣ̫תӡ


Ҷǳëһ㶡
ԲۣѾĿ𰡣ˣ붪ݻ


1109 ɱ
׷ѾģӾ𣿡ë
Ҷǳ˵ͷ̫׷ȥëں档
Ȼ̫ӵٶȺܿ죬Ҷǳ٣Ҷǳߡ
Ľ
ҶǳǳһĨЦ
ڷĽԽԽˣΪҪʩչֻҪһϾܳ
ݣ
ĽӰΣκηȻҲ˿ռ䣬ٶȷǳֲֻһգ۱Ѿǰ̫ܵӡ
ۣ
̫ӻ漴Ѫͣƴǰȥ
ɶ֪ˣӦúúľ̫ǸڰֻҪľﵽΣҲôٿߡ
ݣ
һĽɱ
̫һ˻ǧҪĽ֣ܲˡ
ۣ̫ٶѪɫҰס
ܴȴ廹Ҫ£ƶʱںѻָлָĵر˵Һ
޴½ҺͷǿĻħԳռţû˿ᵽ
ԣȺߣƺ֮ǰһЩûħԳ½ͨˡ
˼ת̫ƴǰӣһںԼ˾Ԯ
䣡
һ޴ߣӵص׳ǵصɱҶǳë
ЩȻ֪Ҷǳܿ£̫ӶòӣΪ˾̫ӣǱ

ûë֣ҶǳֱӵĽɱ˹ȥ
ۡ
ĽһͬЩȫǵһεľΪô赲
Ƭ֮䣬Щ߾ͱĽ꣬Ȼŵˤȥ
һĻķǳֲһ޴ߣûһ˺ۣȴʧȥϢ䡣
ݲݲݲݡëںе𾪣Ǹеֲ
ҶǳҲЩţƺЩСĽ
ĽһЩǿûжٹǶԸһЩĽΪܲˣôɱ
ңĽٶ̫죬ӶӲ
⣬۵ж٣ֻҪĽΪǿ٣ᱻҶǳɱ
һɱë˷ܣҶСӣúĽԺľΪﵽ˵ΣΣǸжôֲֲסһ
ΡΡҶǳЦҡҡͷﵽĲΣǿҺҪﵽΣʵ̫ˡ
ľΪԽԽѣҶǳľһЩ츳Ҳô졣
ë˵ĶԣĽȷ£֮ǰҶǳЩСˣҪúÿ¡
ôܣ
ǰƴ̫ܵӣͷԼЩҶǳˣֻƬ֮ˣûüҶǳ֣˶ŵû
Ľֲ̫ˡ
ô޵ˣһЩǰľΪҲ߲˶ٰ
̫־ֿ֡
ݣ
̫ӾֵʱһĽɱ˹
̫ۡѪܵشٶڼˣҶǳ׷һǷӡݺݵغ
Ż
̫Ӵ
ݣһĽɱ
ۣ̫ɫһףʱѪʩչȥŻҶǳķӡһ
ǲ
̫ܵӡĺ϶ѷ죬󱻳Ҷǳȭʹˡ

ëںսĴ񫡣
ҶǳĽϷӡʵ̫ˣľΪĵ˳Դ

̫壬һ϶ӿֽɫɫ棬౶
ȼҶǳɫ
һȼѾƵˣȻôɡ
ǣΣ
ݣ
ҶǳʩչĽɱ˹ȥ
̫Ѫɡ
ǿľô޷סҶǳĽ
ӡ
̫ӿ־ˣȼΪܡ
ýˣҶǳһЦѾһɫ񽣣Ǿ񽣡
սôãʵֻ飬̫ĥԼĽ
ѾסĽҲĽãȻûҪʱˡ
ৣ
ֻҶǳһڰɫˮīʱ̫Ӿ˽ȥ
ҶǳһʩչռһʩչĽɱ̫ӽڽڰˡ
̫ûмֶã㱻Ҷǳɱˡ
׼ȷ˵ǱĽݻģʬ壬ʧȥϢˤ
ҶСӣɱһλ𰡣ë˹ŵϵ̫ӵʬ壬̾
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦڵһʱѾɱ콾ɱĵڶλ
λʮǿ޵ΪʵԶǸ콾ǿ


1110 붴
ʮǿްһ˵һ߸ΣëŵϵӴʬ壬Ƕˮˡ
Ҷǳ˷۵ЩðɣԼʮǿޣûһĸо𣿡
ޣʮǿΣֲǲˣֻҪһȺģûʲôɿڡëƲ
ҶǳٺЦǺðɣʵҶ߸Ҳͦġ˵̫꣬ӵʬ塣
һﲻ֪˶࣬ҲӦˡ

뿪ɫ;УҶǳëͿʼ߸ˣëһ׼һڴһЩˮĵرȻ̫ӵһ壬㶪ȥ
̫ӵǳӲö񽣲иһĻá
ǣë𰡣Ҷǳߴ
һԣ̫˶
ܿ죬һŨӴ洫˳
ҶǳëˣһߺȾƣһߴãòʹ졣
쵰ɱ̫ӣȻ̫ӡ
̫ɶˣϽȥ֪ͨ棬һҪΪ̫ӱѩޡ
ϢȥҲ׷ɱǡ

ԶһЩµǣһĻҧгݣߺޡ
ǣǲҳҶǳһĽɱǡ
ҪҪǣëƳһЩ߶صĵطЦ
Ҷǳҡͷˣó֣һȺҪ˷ʱˣϸءĽҾͬʱԼλҲˡ
̫ˣëʱЦˣȱүΪ´ǾͿˡ
֮ǰһԹսʵˬ
磬ԣǷ˧磬ʲôʱΪ·ˣ
ʵ̫ˡ
߰ɣ
Ҷǳë뿪ɫ
ûһ赲ٶȿ˲١
ºǱ㴩˻ɫһƬӴżǰ
ɽ壬๬ֻЩɽ嵹ˣЩҲˣһƬʧż
ӹģԿó˵յĻԻͣԲȲһزȻһء
󷨶ˡ
Ҷǳɨӳȥü˵
󷨱˵Ҳٻӡ
ȻëҡͷЦص󷨺ǵȻҪһЩʩߣϾЩǻ»۵ģܲܰװ׶
ȥɣڵģ˵ػķô꣬زû˰ɡҶǳһ˵ţһ߽ء
ϣᣡëҲЩˡ
˽أԽһЩ棬һЩƵ󷨣һƬͬ⻨Դһĵط
Ӧصĺģû뵽ôãزˡëʱˡ
ҶǳĿɨܣѯʵ
˵ص붴һĴ֮ءë˵Ŀ⻷ӣڲԶһɽǳߴԵΡ룬ڻ
ƺжҶǳȻһ붴һϤϢԽԽӽ

ڳˣһˡ졣
ëɴ۾죡ô㣿
ô쿴ëҶǳҲһ㶣ѿڶ
ëߵֲңΪʲô
ȴǲ³ë˼ЦˣҲΪضҪΪ
㻹ô׳գëߵ
ҧëȴǲٴ̼ëΪҶǳԱߣһˣɲ˵Ķ֡
Ҷǳû죬˿Ŀ붴Ѫ棿
ߣһûлػ
ëʱŭˣȵ㻰û𣿲ʶĻү㣬ΪȺ֪𣿡
ҡŭëȴҲ£Ͼ޴½ëɱ˭֪绹붴ء
뵽ҧҴȷ棬ҪأǾͽȥ
ëмΪһһ׳գȴ棬˵϶Σա
Ҷǳһ˵սһӦնڵϢһɷǳǿϢ֮ϡ
ëԣʱȻ򣺡үˣѪ˵ˣԱסˣֻ׳ӳˡ
˵˭׳գëŭȵԷ˵׳գʵ޷̡
˵ǰ׳հ㲻Ұû磬ƨëһЦؿŷ죬ɱ䣬ŵ÷ˣ浣ëᶯ֡
һˣʱоһ˿裬ĵװëˣҧгݵص


1111 й
ҧֱ죬ΪԼëĶ֣Ա߻վһһҶǳȻֻ̡ܴ
ëû죬붴תͷҶǳٺЦսǿ֮
Աߵķһ֮ɫ̲סһεѾﵽ˾սԲ磬Ҵڡն֣Ըǻֱ֮˵Ρ
׳գ죡ëȵ
㡭ҧȥë
ëתͷҶǳЩɵľҲ̫߰ɣҼǵһһһϲľԣӦ˵ʮǿһ壬ϲľ
ǿޱȣοеʮǿޣһ򶼶ǿսƳ籸ľ翵Ķע١
ҲֻΪҪһЩŲòľƮĶ
ûϵľǿҲﵽΣһаաҶǳ΢΢Ц
ֻľﵽ۷壬ŻסĽڵĵΣͬסֻ˵һˡ
ûϵҶǳԲϵͷĽˣҲˡ
Ȼ˵ĻֻҪԷʵǿһߡ
ԷʮսԷɱҶǳ
붴ڵǾսΣ޷вҶǳ
෴ܵĽĹһʵҲвҶǳ
ˣǻٵƬ̣ʹ죡ëԣʱ˿漴һֻ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷ
Ҷǳ̽ϸע붴ڵĴս
ΪĽɵԵʣҲﵽһǿĳ̶ȣֻҪ̽鵽붴ǼλϣֻԶԶعǱܲҶǳĴڡ
˵ĽɣҶǳĺôʵ̫ˣ֮ǰûϵġ
¡¡
붴ڱը
ǣ붴ǳӲ֪ʲôɵģλսεսûܹ顣
Ҷǳͨܵ붴ǿķ󷨡ȻλĶ
û뵽޴½ȻһһԣëЩ˼˵
һεŰһô
޴½֮У⵮һλɣʺСȴ漣
СģҪˡ
ȻҶǳһ붴
ļǿϢԽԽӽˡ
λͰƺҪǴˡҶǳЩȵ˵
뵽ԷǴﵽսԲΪҲȻˡ
һΪ̫ߣҲͳˡ
ˣҶǳë˵
ë֪Լڻ޷εսˣԶ˵ء
ڷһѾˣë磬ڴ˵ء
ǶԶ
¡¡
붴ڵԽԽǼǿϢҲԽԽӽ
ȻһϤӰ汻ɳǻѪҺϤףҶǳһӾϳˡն硣
ն磬ȻѪɣɼսжôա
ûᣡ
Ҷǳ֣նҪɱȻҲԷʩչӡնȥ
Ҷǳң
ն翴ҶǳҲǴʧɫ漴ҶǳԼ֣ʱȻŭ
أ
ִ֮䣬ն羡ܵסҶǳȫһȴǵɳȥٶȱҽ붴ڡ
¡¡
붴ڴһƬҵս
ȻնٶܵλĹ
ʲôҶǳ棿
Ȼ֮
洫Ѫڵ
ȻǶ֪Ҷǳˡ
һǱ㲻Ҷǳ֮Ļᣬ׷׺ˣ׼뿪붴Ҷǳһˮ
Ȼһֲӡźպ붴Ķں˽
Ҷǳնŭ
ɫ
Ѫû˼룬ΪǵĶڼǡ
̫ǿˣںͷѪֶ޷֮⣬ն磬ǿ֧š
Ҷǳںй·ӣǰУҲá
޴½Ԯ𣿺ٺ٣Կʼˣ⼸ҵġЦҲܵĶֻǲ֪˭
Ѫһæ˵һ࣬ҲߣɲǵԮǻǳȥ򣬱Է֮Ļᡣ
üͷһЦҹ˭ֻҪǳ֣ǾҵԮɱǣȥշҵսһս޴½
˵꣬ɱѪˡ


1112 ȼ
ɵ˭÷ѪǳȥҪһˡǣֻҪѪǳȥͶһ֡
ֺ£ʣô÷Ѫǳȥ
ȻȫѪ˰
䣡
䣡

ڡѪȫ֣ҲֻǿסĹԱߵնĿ˸ѾڿͻΧˡ
ҶǳйǱɰ
ô죿
˺Ȼһۣ໥
ն紫ѪҲ㣬ڣܸܵûءҿ²ɣڴ˵أҵȶΣա
ڣǱءҲ˵
Ѫ֪Ҫ뿪ڵҲȷͬԣ޷ܵܽˡ
뵽ѪͻΧҲôͻΧģһƴ壬ǿԳȥǣǱȻܵȫһ˭󣿡
նûԸ˭˭ȻҪȥǴҾһ֣κ˺ƽ̯Ҿһɡ
֪ԼʵѪԺܾ裬һǸˣ޶
ԲŹҶǳɱһλˡ
̫ǿˣɽľԷҪסһ϶ˣȼѪ
ڶʱɫѿһȼȲ˵ҵʵҪָҲüʮꡣ
ܹ޴½Ҳֻһʱ䣬ָƶľ˼ʮ꣬ǻѰʲôﰡ
ȼһȼֻˣܵһ뿪˵ءն
Ѫ˵ͷҲͬһˣЩǣ滹ܵܣ˭֪Ҷǳܵôˣðܵһߡ
ΣѪն綼ͬˣûѡֻҲͬˡ
䣡䣡䣡
˵ȼǿϢʱ˳붴ڣӿȡ
ǵסһҴҶǳȻ˵ȻͳҶǳɱȥ
ǣն磬ǷѪǳҶǳɱȥ
֪ͻԼĺǲӦϾ˭һ˰أ
ãն綼ڣ˵Ѫˡ
ɱ
˶Ҷǳɱȥ
ȼ𣿹ȼһסǣҲҪסһˡ
һ漴Цһնɱȥ
Ϊն֮һҲ٣
ӣȻѡҲлᡣ
Բۣ
ն״ʱҧгݣΪʲôҪѡңӿ
һһߺشѪˣһȫסն硣
أ
ն񵶣ҵĵâննɱȥ
СЦһһȭӭȥ
նȼ֮ʵǿޱȣҲֻǸ൱ѡ
ңն֣һȥ
˿̣ҶǳҲܵѪ˵Ϣǿޱȡ
ȼ𣿡
ҶǳǳһĨЦ
ȼȻһʱǿ󣬵ǽļʮ꣬⼸˾ҪָƣҲвˡ
ԣֻҪܹëؽˣõķѪǻ֮
Ҷǳÿ
ڴȵ
Ѿ˳ԵǰҶǳһȭɱ
Ҷǳֱ˹ȥûкڽ֡
ţЩɻ󣬲ȼȻܹѹҶǳȴҼ
Ͼȼ֧Ų˶ãҼȼԽԽأʱһʲô鶼øˣָưɡ
ԣ˵أֹͣȼ뿪أ׼Ҹطָ˵
Ҷǳ
ѪҲ˳ĿҶǳҵܵأ
ģûɱҶǳ˵
磬Զ
Ѫ״Ҷǳ˵ͷлˡ˵꣬ͳŷȥ׼ܵ뿪
ҶǳųܹܵѪ뿪ˣϾѾֹͣȼܿҪҵطָƣ鷳ˡ
ǿߣ㣬ȴߡ
Ҷǳ漴תͷ붴һɫ
ʱնҲˣֲĵ籩붴ڼš
óȼնǿס
ն缴ʱһӰĽ̽꣬ش
ۣ
ն𣬿Ѫȼķɣһǿࡣ
ΪĵӣľΪﵽ˵ΡǣĽĹ£һˡ
ƽƲأȼ궸ȻܴȫһӲ


1113 ն
ʲô
նĵ׾ղһоûУֱĽ̽ڣŸܵһвľΪﵽ˵ΣղҲش
ȻǵһμʶĽӷӰΣûκױܻʵ̫ˣֲѡ
ҶǳʲôʱѧֹˣҪԺսͻȻһ£Լô죿
նп־ˣʵҶǳ˿ڼԺôҶǳ
Ҳûʱ俼ЩˣΪղŵܴٶһѾ׷
ܰôˣ
Цһɱն磬Ƶն粻òӦ
¡¡ҵսˣն˲ܴƣƴֵҪҶǳ
ļһ˭ǿóҲг𣬲ɱΣһ߹ն磬һ߶Ҷǳ
֮ҶǳػĴ㣬Ѿɱһλӣԭն֮ǰȻҪûɱն硣
ĻնεľΪ㲻Ҳߡ
ھͲһˣն粻붴ڣܵĹɱĺûᡣ
ҶǳȻĺûᣬʩչŷӡն硣

նˣҲˣһߵֵĹһ߻ҪҶǳĹֱβѹˣæҡ
ҶǳĹãȼǲҶǳķӡֻĹȴòӦԣһ޷뿪붴ʱ䳤ˣȵȼķɱͱˡ
ˣնŭضҶǳȵҶǳǶߣΪŹ㣿ƾһˣ򲻹һˣҲκεĺ³
ɫ΢΢һ䣬漴ЦСӣģҿԷģԲɱ㡣
ǰ֤ɱ㣬ȴû˵Ź㣬͵ս汾һͳһ޴½ɡ
롣
նŭȵҶǳĹЩ߽޴½ǶѾ֪ˣǣʱӦҪŽᣬһ¶⡣
Ȼô˵ҶǳķӡûмԽԽǿˡ
쵰նѪ˵ôأ̫³çˣ֪ڵ֮ĳô
֪нնھͺˣ治ӦõҶǳһһˣΪɱԼĻᱻˡ
ˣҶǳһ棬һԼʱȼߣҲס
뵽ˣնʱˣӣﰡ
ΪһʹˣδҲǰ;Ϊĸһư½£һžͷ
ۣ
ȻնѪ
ٴαĽС
նĺˣĽӰ٣һӦûУս׶סֻܵˡ
ȥɡ
ӣ
Ҫӳȥ
նһȻת붴ĶڣѺ󱳽
Ҳǳȫ֣ݺݵغնĺ󱳡
أ
նѣŲƴ붴⡣
һĨ⣬ڣʱϲãҪɹˡ
ֻҪӳȥ壬ʹƴشҲܹӳ졣
ȻһĽٶɱ˹
նʱͫһޱȿ־壬ˣס
ۣ
նѪ漴ϵѺԽԽ࣬ԽԽȻ󳹵ױˡ
֮붴ڣҶǳĹٶȼй
ˣ
նһƬ֪Ľֹڣ岻ȥ
ңղŵһ屻򱬣ʵѾ¼࣬ȼҲ֧Ų˶ˡ
ҲǺù
Ȼն¶һĨĹâ
¡¡ͬնڴһɹǿϢϵͷų
ʲôʧɫŵصն磬ƺµʲô
ȻԱҪǾһնЦ˶ըһɿֲƾ˵̵ĺˮ˲к
¡¡
Ӵû붴Ҳȥ
ն粢֪ҶǳǿһͷҪԱˣӵúܼʱ
ңն붴Ա󲿷к붴ڣܹĺ١
ԣҶǳ׾Ͷ㿪ˣûܵһ˺
汻նԱըˡ
նһ˰ҪһѡҶǳ붴ڵıը̲ס̾
ն绹ţҶǳô˵ƻٴα


1114 Բ
¡¡
̶ıըֲͬ嫺еĲһ㣬붴ӿȣû붴
ն粻һλս񣬻һλԱ̫Ӵˣ¶ըһʮս
붴ĲʼӲޱȣɿֲĳ£ɱըˣʯʱ˺գڿ֮Ħһ𻨡
ৣ
Ȼһƽʯ֮Ҫʡ
Ҷǳһץǵ⣬Ц֪㲻ɱȻһҪߣӳȥˣȻص˵ָܻ
˵꣬Ҷǳһץס˽⣬ž۳նӰצ˫ĿԹصҶǳס֣ҶǳҪϾɱŹġ
вң
ҶǳǳһĨЦݣ콾ҶѾɱˣѵںһĴɱǲ̲ٴˣһΣֵǲɱĵˡ
Ҷǳ㲻к³ģĴϾҪˣѾﵽʮս񾳽磬ǿɱ㣬ΪǱ𡣡նʱ֪Լ޷ߣŭҶǳ
ʮս񣡡Ҷǳ𾪣һʮսˡ
Ҫ֪Ĵ˳ҲֻǾս
һΣˣкԴʮս񾳽硣
ɴ˿ɼһĴжô
ҶǳԼģֻҪΪȥƾšʽξκˣ
һ뿪޴½þ쿪ҩ԰ҩҴﵽʮս񾳽硣Ҷǳеһ˿С
֮ǰڵһɱ˹콾֪
һɱն磬µѶȥѪҲµ
ɱӣŹ
һҪ
ңʥĴˣҪɱɵĴˣ۷塣
֮䣬ûгޣȴעǵˡ
ۣ
Ҷǳգһƣʱͽնһɱ
һλ𣬾ʹ䡣
ѾҶǳɱĵλˡ
Ժųɱˡ
أ
Զ붴ȻһǱӰʯ֮г˳һħվڰУɢŰĿֲϢ

նԱ˲ƣΪսԲɺǿɢϢֲͬеľκˣ
ֶΣϾɱĹɴ࣬ϲǰҶǳһЦ
նԱըܷŭԿҶǳնһ˿꣬еǳʹ죬ԿҶǳĿҲࡣ
Ǻǣ䵽ǰ³ҲġҶǳ΢΢һЦ
˵ͷ漴ȻҶǳ˵֮ǰ˵㻰Ҳɱ㣬Ҳˣڴ˵أµһλսδһս޴½һͳ塣
Բۣ
Ҷǳɫʱˣޱȡ
ս
ҶǳǺҲ
õĲ̴ˣǿɱλǿţʣ˭£˭ʸ
Զë̲סŭɳȣǲǴ޴½Ӹˡ
ˣ
ƳһۣĿ֮ɱ䣬ֱ̧նһƵ˺գëɱȥ
أ
ҶǳһȭӳƵ飬ǿȭǳֶȥ
ûʲô˵ˣֻһս
ԷȻ£ֱ޷ܡ
պȱһеߣʲˡҶǳ˵գ̧ƾͳ̤ϣҪﵽϣ
״ŭ죬һȭɱҶǳ
ԲѣҶǳȻ㲻ʶ̧٣Ҿֻ㣬ȥɡ
սѪڣһ޴ͭ¯ɢȵˣҶǳײ
䣡
ҶǳĽƼ̤Ѿı⣬һҪͷΪͷ֮衣
ҹ
ŭ죬Ҷǳ˵̫ˣ˫ȭɱҪҶǳĽơ
ӡ
Ҷǳִ̧һǷӡʮǿսǿޱȵݺݵײ
أ
һʵʻˣ˷ϯȥ캳ء
һ֮Ҷǳ˫˫ˣ˶Էǿˡ
Сӣе㱾£иһ˿֮ɫ
նԱ˵ˡҶǳЦ
۷϶ᱻˣϾԷѾﵽսԲ硣
ղŵԱȻشսٶȲˡ
ɴ˿ɼƺء


1115 Ľʤ
С˲ʲôҵս㹻㡣ӲԼҲٴˣֱ¶뱾壬һֻԶޣʱҶǳǰ
ıǳӴһ̫ųǳأװ죬мı̣ͬһ£˸
Ҳܼ죬ͬѪ䵶һ֪ܷ
ʮǿޱһƺΪɱ¾ģǵÿһ֫壬·ܹɱ¾ǿ
𣡡
ҶǳͷϵֱײҶǳؿڣǷĵУ˸ɱϮˡ
ϣ
Ҷǳó񽣣ӭȥݺݵǣȴûн֮նϣͷƤ飬䡣
ţ
ҶǳȻͷһľȻۼͷ˫ײġ
зǳ𺳣Ѿ񽣿ǶӲޱȣȻ˺ۼ
ৣ
ûҶǳ֮лָһֻצŴĿĺ⣬ؿץ
ٶɱˡ
ˣβͣԼϵı̣ȫɱҶǳ
壬һɱ¾ÿһǳգҶǳڽڰˡ
ǿ
Ҷǳ𾪣²ΪͬΣҲ϶ڡѪǿߣ
ѹǰѪ˳֣ͷѹŴ
СӣĽһƴʲôΪûǿëں
ĺżҶǳкܶƣȴҪԼֱ޴
ʵ֪Ҷǳ֮ôΪĥԼԴﵽԲ֮Ѿܾûͻˡ
ЩͬεսĥаЩʮǿ޵һ١
Ľ
ëĻЩ裬֪Ľʲô͵һЩ
ȻĽ˵ӶٷǶûκЧġ
ҲãǸշͷˣշ֮Ժʱĥ
ëĻҶǳ΢΢ͷ漴ʩչһĽɱ
ţֱĽɱʱһӺë˫Ŀ裬ӷ
ǣûпκεĹ
á
ʱĽڣǿնꡣ
Ȼ깥һ־ŭ
û뵽侹˹ֱʤܶܲˡ
ΪĽܿռκνʵĸ棬ٶȣҲͷǳĿ죬ʮһս޷ܡ
ӡ
ҶǳȻŹĺûᣬûʩչӡɱһָ߾پ񽣣ݺݵ
ߣ
ܵĽĹһ̲סƺһȻľﵽ˵ڶ۷壬ǿסĽĵһڵȴһңȥʽķȫ˾޴
䣡
ӡֱӻĹ˺ķˡ
ৣ
һĿĵ˸ǳҵĵâݺݵţؿڴ˺ѴһѪۡ
ۣ
һˣˣҶǳĹԼϢĻᡣ
ҶǳŹĽѾٶɱ˹ȥķݺݵغꡣ

ܵĽĴ룬жʱּŭ̫ˣ벻κηĴʩ
֪ˣӦúúľʼЩˡ
޴½ΣأҪ𣬿ʲôȻս
ԣ֮ǰҶǳɱ̫ӣֻԼսľΪûж⡣
ʱȻĽֹǾ±ˡ
ӡ
ռ
ҶǳһĽһ÷ӡ;ɱĵֵĽܴʵҶǳĶ֣Ľڽڰˡ
Сӣݣ
ŭصҶǳһۣתӣΪ֪Լټڴ˵أ϶ᱻҶǳɱ
ΪסĽĹʱ䳤ˣˣᱻشʱɡ
ռ
Ҷǳӣһڰɫˮīʱȥ档
ĽҲ֮ɱ˳ȥ
ҹ
ȫѪӿȣȻѾȼˣǿսǴݻ˺ڰɫĻҶǳɳȥ
ҼҶǳսûаնʱڻɱҶǳǾͻᱻҶǳĽʱȼ޷ˡ
ԣӳ˲䣬ϾԶ


1116 
ӵû죬ȼˣƴ
æߣҶǳЩ̾ź̾źԼʧȥշĻᡣ
Ľ֮ս¶ԷȼҲᱻġ
ϧҲǱ֪Լֱߡ
ȼǳܺҶǳ߾͸ˡ
ȻҶǳҲȼֻôһȲ˵δؿ׷ȼĺ̫ˣûҪô
񣬻ǰëβҪģ£ҶǳԲԶë
ëߣѾ˹Ҳź֮ɫû뵽һôϧˡȫǱԺͷŶƳ
һɱʮǿɱˡ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ˵ұ׼շһġ
㿪ʲôЦëҡҡͷƲǼһһλ𰡣жô㻹Ҫշֱ˵ΣսҲ᳼ġ
Ҷǳߵ϶иµġ
ʲô£ʲôֲǷˣ±ĥ꣬Ҳ᳼ġëЦҶǳΣշһλ𣿶һһλʮǿޣôܣ
ҶǳԺٺЦҰˣһȺƤǿأȻٰӡڲ£ҹҹͷʺ˵𣿡

ë亹εΣһ;ȵؿҶǳСôͻȻô񶾣ɲķ񣬵񡭡񡭡
˵һɶëԺС

ҶǳЦҴѧģˣһó
Ȼ޳ܵƭӣëһ䣬漴ǰ붴ȥ
붴ʱѾˣʯ񣬲Ҷǳë˵£ܿ¶һĵĶڡ
붴ӲȻĻͱնǼһԱݻˣҵҲûˡëµ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴̽̾նԱǿ붴ը֮֮һסˡ
ߣȥҲ֪֮⣬ûıëȷУҶǳϡ
һ·ϣǸĻ壬Ϊ֮ǰͷѪĺܼңʲô壬Ҳʹˡ
ʣ֮һ붴ûж೤ľ룬Ƭ֮䣬Ǿ͵ִ붴ĵײ
һ޴ĵ¹ǳɣǳѹڴˡ
أ
ëȻе
ҶǳȥȻһ޴ĳӣɻɫҴ죬ˣɫڣĳˮҲͬһ
ûأ伮֮нܵһģһ
ëɵǰϸǰأ漴һ˷֮ɫ
ǻʲôϽȥݰɣȻˣ룬ָƣ϶鷳ġң֪ͨ޴½ǿߡҶǳߴٵ
ë˵Ĳ޴½˵Ⱥǵĵˡң֮ǰѾ˵Ѿʼˣʲôԣ룬϶Ⱥǡ
ţץʱﵽҶǳ˵ͷ漴¹ת
ͨ
ëֱأ˶ûڳˮУڳν
ҶǳѰ¹ķ䶼ǿյģһûС
ѱϡҶǳʱЩź
ҲģϾǶԼأкöȻǷȫҲӷԼʹá
ҶǳûзǼѰ̽ŵصײ鿴ȥ֪صʲôġ
ޱ׳۵һĻ
ֻ붴ĵصһĽ㴦Щ·֩һ붴֩ġ
ö󷨰
Ҷǳһ̽һ߸еͷƤ飬Ƭص̫ˣȻѾķ˺ܶ꣬ĸڣһˣô붴Ǵըģʮһս˶ˡ
Ͼʵ̫ˡ
ѹһûдأص󷨹ǰһߣȻءҶǳϻȻ
ǴˣϾһڴô󷨵ʱ򣬽ıȹ̣Ǹû뵽Լһδȫ޴½
ԣһĵ󷨸еߡ


1117 
붴󷨣Ҷǳ΢΢˼ţȻÿô˵ؿӺһ¶֡
󷨱ˣôضᱻը˰ɡ
վ붴λãԻᱻըɻҳʮһսҪܵش
µʮսĻħԳҲסֱըҪըشЩսܻᱻֱը
ҶǳЩҺûϵԼʵôǿȻ׼ˣһУëըˡ
Ȼϼң򲻵ѣҲô
Ӧȥָˣ϶ڴ˵صϢй¶ȥҪ˶ã޴½ıǿɱˡ
Ҷǳ˼š
󷨣һǸɱԼ޴½ǿߡ
õȵëɽ˵

¾ڣ塣
һɽ֮УһŭɷϮˡ
Ҷǣ
ҧгݣֻ޴۾棬ŷŭĻ棬ֻ¯ڷڡ
ںܷŭϾҶǳĶӣԼϳҶǳռˣʵǾ޴ĳ衣
ңҶǳĽش꣬ȼܵصķɣ˿ޱأʱڸ޷ָ۷ս
ݺ޴½ô꣬ûгԹĿǰʮս񼶱ǿߣǺɨȥʲôʱ򱻴ôң
к޼ҶǳģֻҪԼһָƣȥҶǳ
Ҳù
ҧҧ漴ʼ֪ͨ޴½ϵһЩǿߡ
޴½ǿ߲࣬ΪưһȻʶǿߡ
ħԳƽϡȵȣʶ
Щ޴½Ķǿߣʱ䶼׷ɱҶǳȺߣڽӵĴѶ֮ЩûᣬЩͷǰء

һƬ֮УһŽɫľ޴ͷȻգֻɭ۾صķ
棬̫ӵĸףһλʮսԲǿڡ
ҶǳóӵзӡǴɱҶ
䣬ɱ
һ壬ֻ̫һλһδϣȴû뵽һɱˡ
ɱڣظȥ
Ȼ𣬵ΪѾﵽʮսԲ磬ΪȻħԳǿνǴﵽ޴½ܹļޡ
ӵ˿µΪûдﵽΣҲԿħԳɱһЩս񼶱û˿ѹ

أ붴
ҶǳԱߣϸ۲еë¶Цݡ
⼸ˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
Ľ֮ǳ⼸Ѿܵëڷ޴ı仯Զˡ
Ȼ֮еë͵۾һȵķ˲ʱϯлһɿֲĽ⣬붴ڶ
䣡
ëһ񽣣ȵķ˲𣬴ڳ貵Ľضˡ
ǽҶǳ
ЩҶǳ֮󣬱ǿֲ׵סˡ
ڴﵽˡҶǳϲ˵
үڳΪˡë˷ܵĴ漴ͬһ˸Ҷǳݺݺ
ҪҶǳ֡
ռȭ
ҶǳȻë˼ȭӡëӭȥ
أ
ײһ𣬽ȭ⽻֯ƥĽâ˺գֲȭ캳أֱ붴ݻˡ
һ֮ëҶǳ׷׺붴ڲϺҪһ
ȷսҶǳȭЦŶë˵
ëƲȫһҲֻǺһȭ࣬Сӣүܶࡣң㻹ûʹ÷ӡԼʽأռûʹá
ëûн֪ԼʵȻﵽΣпһײ㡣
Ѿѧ˷ӡһЩսҲ壬벽һˡ
Ǻǣ𼱣ȳȥǾͿҩ԰ʱԽҩʵҶǳο
ë˵ͷҩ԰Ѿˡ
ãͻȻҶǳɫһ䡣
ëüͷһɻô̽ȴûʲô֡
֪ĽҶǳǿ࣬϶̽ʲô
мİǿϢˣʮսҲоս񡣡Ҷǳ
ܹİϢǿ϶޴½ǿߣЩ˳ضȻ鷳ġ
ô죿ȥ𣿡ëЩԾԾԣڸճء
Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴棬Цǡ


1118 ׷ɱ
ǣëɻؿҶǳЩԡ
ҶǳٺЦ̽鿴һ붴֪ˡ
ë̽͸ʱͿ붴
ҿ⡭ô󷨣ëɴ۾оһͷƤ飬ƲڹŹһ
ҶǳЦ˵ЩͻȻըˣô
ë۾һ˲µҶǳļƻʱ˷ܵȻըǰ
ҪըǣըҲҪըˡҶǳЦһ漴ָһѪ֧£ݻһߺһģһ塣
۳ķֻսʵȴ㹻ˡ
Ͼ󷨣ֻҪһӣܳ
үҲŪһãë״Ҳ۳һء
漴һۣݵ뿪˴˵ء
Ҷǳ֣ʹñ˵̽鵽ǶԷΪﵽʮս񾳽磬̽鵽ǡ
ĽһǿĹܡ
䣡䣡䣡
Ҷǳ뿪ʱһǿʱԶ̽εظء
ңЩһӾ붴붴ڵ߷
öǿ߰ëܵʮĶǾս񣬺üǿĿ¡
ҶǳЦһ򾡡
˿̣ѾԶأظעԶ
ݣ
һӰ˷ظΧˡ
Щǿ߶ΣҶǳҲ޷̽˭
ֻһǿϢɱ̫ӺƣҲһǿ߰ɡ
Կʼˡ
ζþûгˣǻ
򣡵͸˵෱ٶȿ죬һӣǷҪͣʧȥζ

Щ޴½ǿ߽һɣͬͥɢһأû˿衣
Ҳǣ޴½ʮһս񼶱ĴڣЩܶԿʮһսˣкξ壿
ɱ
ɱ

һǿɱ붴
붴ڵ߷Ѿ£ʼ󷨡
¡¡
ͻȻƴеĲˣϡ
ʮǿ߶ʱ붴ǰֹסΣһ¶֮ɫ
ô£
ɻ
ǵ֮ŵ̽ȥ
ֻһ̽Ƕʱͫһɢ
¡¡
ֲʱкû붴֮ûء
Щǿ߸ߣͱ뾪κһ֮С
붴һڶΧһС
ûһǿ߿ѳȥȫɽȥˡ
¡¡
ҶǳëԶȥض֮ˣһɽ嵹һ飬ʯ񷣬عѱһƬĩվ
׳۰ëп
Ҷǳ̽鿴Щǿߵ
ú󣬵ȵڵıըֹͣ󣬼ǱӰʱг˳һŵܡ
ңЩѾԳ壬ߣлƽϣһֻȵȣǿޡ
ɱ̫ӣ߿϶ŹңȥҶǳ׷ͷߡ
ë˽
ƽˣëҲʲ֡ǽͲһˣοˡ
ɱ
Ҷǳë¶Цݡ
Կʼˡ
ڻˡ
ҶǳñɣӦ׷һǿϢʱȻתͷҶǳߺޡ
ɱ
ҶǳøϻֱͷųĽɱ
ۣʱѪһᣬȥ
׷ںҶǳһû뵽ôȻһĽס
֪ˣ֮ǰıըȼܴҶǳЦ
ˣľͲߣ֮ǰıը֮ȼܵɣ͸ӵסĽˡ
ʲô澪ֲѣиʹҿ϶ԼξǱˣֶ֪ΣȻǰǡ
ҲǺģϾֲѣҪɱҶǳҪܾˣܷԺһͳ޴½
ôпᡣ
ףһнĽκηרŹ꣬ɡ
ҶǳЦһٿĽɱǰ档
ҪߣصĽĹ£ѲҶǳ׷ɱ
ҶǳҲ汣־룬ԷԱĻᣬȻһԱըҲ
ֻҪߣĽͻ棬һսӮˡ


1119 ջ
䣡
ԱˣȻ֪ըըҶǳѡԱ
Ϊ㲻ԱȥҲᱻҶǳɱ
ҶǳɱĺѾԼ˵ˣ̫ӾǱҶǳųԵˣɲҲҶǳԵ̫ˡ
ϧˣȥųءҶǳԶµ˵
Աǳֲս㣬Իᱻը
ϼһﶼЩʲôҶǳʼɨսԱıﶼ
ҶǳһӣЩıʱķսԼ
һ߳طȥҶǳһ߲鿴ıЩʯͨһԣϾЩڶ˵ûʲôô
λ滹һûСҶǳ鿴һʱʧ
Ҳ
޴½ˣǿȺԼҵĴ£뿪޴½
Ȼ뿪֮ǰ϶ǰ޴½ܹߵıˣ嶼ǳ
񶥼ֻǿļ˲Żӵаɣ˵Ǹյ޴½ʱĻħԳǼһĴӾͿ϶Ƕ
ףǡ
ȻҶǳĹâһһƵɢϤĵϡ

ʮս񼶱ĵ
̺ľȻǴԪһ

Ҷǳɴ۾˫ֲϲ
ʵ̫ˡ
û뵽澹Ȼӵһʮս񼶱ĵʺĴԪ֮
Ȼⲻ棬̫ӵĵԲŻᱻһֱڱҶǳ
̫ˣҵΪСΡҶǳ˷ܡ
ľϲôĸˡ
ݣ
Զëվһͷϣٶ
Ҷǳۼ⣬ʱϳͷ֮ǰɱǵıǿ֮һǿͷƺѾëշˡ
ҶǳһĿ࣬Լûշһﵹһ
ҶСӣڸʲôԶܹЦôġëǳվڽϣͷǳãͨɫë֮еߣצº˸
Ҷǳ۲ֱ͵ﰡͷҲٰ
ëһӣҶǳжʱˬЦ˵ҵõһʮս񼶱ĵһĴԪһ
ʲôëԶʱĽʺޣΪԼշһͷҶǳҫһ£û뵽Ҷǳõıá
ʮǵĵﰡǵΪ
ë̾
һҶǳûа޴½һˡ
һʲô֣ҶǳһԵĽѯʵ
߰ͷҶǳߵҽн꣬һ档
أëһŲڽͷϣǳţһǱȱүǿˣǰŲ𣿶ңʲôһ棬޴½ھһ
Ȼëη壬û˵
Ҷǳóͷĳëɻ󣬶ԷϾʮս񼶱ǿߣ㲻Ҳ׳˰ɣ
СӣҺ㲻ͬ࣬޴½ֻʳ򡣶ʮǿޣһλ޴½ʳﳼһʳͶ˵Ȼס
ëЦŴүҲʮǿޣһλͷԸ⳼үġϾ壬߳ǿߣں顣ңǲһ壬Ƿеߣһ嵱¡
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ҶǳȻȴǲʣ´һҪշ
ʮǿޣһλ붼ú硣
ǰᣬôù֮ǰܹΪնԱըˡ
ָƣҶǳĽҲδشù
һҵĶˡҶǳеʮս񼶱ĵɵһЦ
ҶСӣﲻǾ֮أ˭֪ûǿߵǻ뿪ɣСҲҪë˵
ҶǳͷţǵøϽ뿪ʲôƻ
ë΢΢һЦָָµĽЦȥһϳﰲȫ
ҲãҶǳ˵ͷ漴Ҳɵıϡ
𣡡ŭҪ˦ҶǳԸ⳼ëΪëʮǿޣһһλ𣬻ǷһߣҶǳֻһ࣬ǰʳôһֻվԼıϣֱǳ裡
ʵ㣡Ҷǳһǿ˫Źᴩȥѽȵ˵档
ߣëҲǳ
вʣȴҲֻչ뿪²òͷ
²òͷ
ٶȺܿ죬ͬһ⣬գʧϿա

պ󣬼ǿϢϿգȴֻһƬǽأҲûκϢ
ѾˣһǿĴ˵
¡¡
Զһͷ;޴ĺɫԳһӣɷ죬һϵħ
Ҷǳͻϳǵ׷ɱǵĻħԳ
̫ӶɱˣǸħԳԺиֳҶǳӰĿһα
ࣿ򣬲ֵһᣬǱˣ󷨣ش档һλǿĴڲм
ܷŹǣֻɱǣʲôʱֵɱҵˣ
֪ͨ壬ȫѰЩ䣬ǼȻҴ޴½ģǾһҪŹ

ЩǿĴڣɢȥ
޴½ĵشӰ
ЩȻʵСΪ࣬ǺܿҵЩߵ١
ǿߣʱϹȥɱЩߡ
ʱһЩ޴½ĵشİ벽ǣ˲ء
Ԩɽܵشָ֪ơ
ԲѪҲڵ

ڶͣɽҡ
ǽϳ
ʱҶǳɽ֮УǼʮս񼶱ĵԼΪ
Ա߻ָƣëǻ
ʮս񼶱ĵܻҶǳʵҪʱ
ǶջҲؼųȥѰұ
ëνΣ˵Ѿûа޴½һˡңշһͷ
Ҷǳʮս񼶱ĵˡ
ԣǰһҲķʱĳ̡
ҲǶһΣϾ浽Ѱǵ٣˵ǽϳԻǺܴģû˵̽Ѱ


1120 Ծƽ
ˣˣȺһķˣȻڵ׷ɱǡëеĿռ䷨ּϲϴϢԾ𺳡
Ҷǳʱ䣬յ˺ܶϢһЩ벽Ϣ
ϣ޴½İ벽ǣѾɱֻʣ¼ˡ
ɽԨڡԲѪޡѪЩ𣬶׷ɱĶӡ
޴½ĵش嶼̽Ѱǵ٣ЩĳǿߣȺӵɱǡ
ҪǸϾɱ
ëһ¡
ҿշ˽꣬˽ϳȻĻҸطͱѰҵˡ
ëɵÿ˿ԶſɽſڵĽ꣬ʮһѾָƣﵽȫʢʱڡ
ȫʢʱڵĽʵǿһλʮս񼶱ǿߣȻ𣬵ƾǿΪһԿë
ëѾ겼˽ƣԲĽᱳ
ңóҪ뿪޴½ԷҪ뿪޴½ΨһΪȻ棬һ뿪
ҲǽԸ⳼ëĸԭ򣬷ʮսǿߣȻҲԼ
䣡
һǿϢȻҶǳϲȻҳΧϯ
ʱëͽ궼ܵһɳصѹǲɵתͷҶǳ
ʱҶǳѾ۾һ˫ɫ͵貵⣬˺ѿռ䣬񷡣
սԲ
ëܵǹĿֲѹʱϲҶǳæ˵Ȼﵽ˾սԲ磬ʮսҲֻ벽֮ңˡ
ҶǳǺһЦɢǿϢջȷܴ󣬴Ӿսһٳ嵽˾սԲ磬ȷ
ɴ˿ɼʮս񼶱ĵжôֲ
ȻʮսͿֲ½ľͷĵȻ
ûһٳ嵽ʮս񾳽磬ҶǳЩź
ܹﵽʮս񾳽磬ǼʥĴ˳Ҳ޾ˡ
꣬ҸղŸӦһİǿϢ˭ͻȻһԶƵ
ֲܿںընڵɽ嶼ҡΡ
꣬ûϢǲǺȺ߹ˣһ漴˹
ͬ䳹ǣ͸оΧ¶ֱ
һǿƵ
ã
ſɽڵĽʱ̧ԴתͷҶǳë˵ǻƽǼһбѩ
ƽϣ
ëɫʱ֮ǰأҲһͷƽɱǣʵǿ󣬱˿
ڱѩȻʮǿޣҲеһԱͽһȼޣʮǿޡ
ǵΪΣʵ֮Σëæʵ
ӦѩҲʮս񣬺Ҳ£ͷƽϾͿֲˣһﵽʮսԲ磬޴½ǿļ֮һͷħԳᲢۡ
а𣿡ëԿҶǳ
Ȼ֮ǰҶǳɱ棬ʱѾصıըըˣҶǳĶ֡
ͷƽϣǴȫʢʱڡ
뵽ҶǳʵǿˣëЩڴ
ӰɣһôܻǻƽϵĶ֣Ҫ֪ƽϲǿҲǿޱȣ͹ʮǿе۷塣ڷϣֻܹѹһͷڹϣҲֻа׻ܹѹһûκ㡣ƳҶǳһۣ
ʼʳԣ֪ҶǳʵԼǿ󣬽ﻹЩм汲ǵϰߣǶʱھܸıġ
½ǿ̫ˣռ½쵼λԣڡѪǲŲԽС
Ҷǳûĳɽ⿴ȥ˵ѾˣսɣҲһ޴½۷ǿߡ
˵꣬ͳɽȥ
ãү˷ӡôãӦʮǿսˡëһҶǳĻ֪ҶǳаգʱͲˡ
һȻ漴ҡͷӡ
Ǹ˳ȥ
˵ǿʵ򲻹Ҳܹˡ
뿪޴½ֻʣʮˣֻҪСһ㣬ʱ䲻ʲô
ˣ
ԶʴХڹţշӿ⡣
һͷӴİɫ𽥳Ҷǳǵӭһɰѹ
Ǳѩ
ëһЦһｻˣˣ꣬һϣñһˡ
û⣡ɵشëʵ֪ȻֻǾս񾳽磬Ͼʮǿеʵ֮£֮ԸѩǾԿԵġ
ý굣ĵһλǿĴڡƽϡ
¡¡
𶯣һɽһͷ;޴ϣͨɫɢŴ۵Ĺâʯ֮г˳
꣬Ȼ޴½ƽŭضŽꡣ
ƾ꿴ǰưĻƽϣ˵㶼ﵽʮսԲˣôһֱ磬ѵͲٽһ޴½ͻԶ磬ҲһҳڲһҪ뿪δŻﵽʮһս񾳽磬ʮս񾳽硣
ëһЦŻƽ˵үһᣬҲԳңҴһ뿪޴½ΪֻҪһ뿪޴½ϿԽʮһս񾳽磬ֺαưܵ޴½ء
סڣ
ƽϳëŭ޴½Ϊʲôôưܣǵǲˡ弸ϵģҪҳ㣬ֱΡ
˵꣬ƽֿ˽꣬䳰ʮһս񾳽磬Ҳֻˣūۡûϵļһ㲻ҵΪ飬ұһˡ
䣡
ƽϵĻһ䣬һƬɫ籩Ҷǳ˺
֮Ŀռ䣬˲飬ǹǿҶǳǸܵļޡ
ƽϣǿʮǿޡ
ӡ
Ҷǳһһ˶ԳǰѾ׼õķӡӭƽϡ
򣬾ǰƽƼҶǳӭû˿⣬һĲм֮ɫ
Ȼһ̣еĲм֮ɫסˣΪҶǳȻ١
¡¡
ƽϵͬҶǳ͸ӡﵽһֲֿĳ̶ȡ
޴ӡײȥֱӺգס˻ƽϵȫһ
ߣȥë״ڲˣк꣬ŲԶıѩɱȥ
һȻôǿʱ˿̲ڼʶҶǳǿսŵ۾ӶɳˣʼЩ֮ǰҶǳˡ


1121 Ķ
꣬ȻұǣҪɱ㡣ѩŭɱꡣ
Ȼ󡭡
ëͽ֣׷űѩñѩŭ
Ǳ޳ܣȻһⲻƽѩŭ
ëЦ׳գ˭㽲ƽ꣬үסԲӵǽ⡣
ϣͿˬˣֻĺᣬʮǿԿ䣬ֱ֪߳ܡһŭһëֹѩ
֣ñѩʱ·磬ϾһжǶ֡

һߵսͬҶǳǱߵսԵƾС
ƽĺǿ󣬲ʮǿޣҶǳӡ߶˼ޣҲֻǿƽϣ·硣
ǣҶǳûбƽϻƾ֣ûƽ޿κΡ
㲻ѡƽƴҶǳǿÿһܺ䱬ǰĿռ䡣
ǣھҶǳķӡʣ˲˴Ŷս׵Ҷǳ
Ҷǳеľ񽣣ʱʩչռŷӡûƽϲò
Ǿʹ˽סˡ
ΪһΣǵʵ󡣡
ҶǳһߵֵŻƽϵĹһ˼
һսԼʵˡ
ֵˡ
Ҷǳ˫һһӰεĽѾɱ˳ȥ
ţ
ƽ϶ʱܵĽ֣ʱһæӺˣҵֵĽĹ
Ȼ桢һǰ֪һζ׷սûҪľ
ԣľҲֻǵڶ۷徳磬ҶǳĽǰֵסͱ׹ơ
ߣ
ƽƺһĽУңڴȥĹܶ࣬Ҷǳķӡɳȥ
ɱ
ҶǳƲˣʤ׷ɱƽϡ
Ľӡռ
ֶĻƽϽڽڰˡ
ɶ⵽ʲôȻҵķֱӹҵꣿƽ־ŭȴҲ޿κΡ
һ벻ʲôֶοԵصסĽĹ
ƽϲˣҶǳӲӲΪĽ˺ԽԽȫڵֵĽ档
սսս
ƽϺȻŭȫս죬ѪеĲսˡ
ʮǿ޵УƽϾһ֡
ԭСʳͶˣǵоȻƽڡ
Сǿǻƽһ汲ǵŬβɱ
ǿս⣬ԶκޣʼǵѪ
ǿս⣬ǿʼסĽĹ
ǿµսⰡ
Ҷǳеޱ𺳣ǵõս½ʱһɫսףһ߻ƽϵʬɣǼս֮иܵƽϵĲս⡣
ս⣬ҶǳϤˡ
ʱҲΣƾɲսⴳѹء
ʱܵƽϱǹϤĲս⣬ҶǳصĲսҲԷѣƽϱĲս⻥๲
ôܣ
ƽϵɴ۾ŵصҶǳôս⣿
һ㲻Ҫ֪Ҷǳ΢΢һЦսⱬĽʹĽǿˣһһǰ޾һеǿս⡣
ۣ
ƽ޷ֵĽĹʱشҶǳķӡѪɡ
ҶǳЦݣĽǿˣҪлƽϣȻ֪ԼսĽ֮УȻĽ

ҶǳһͷĽһ߲ٿطӡɱƽϡ
ͣ
ƽϼѪɡ
ƵԽԽأѾ޷ԿҶǳˣҲԽԽء
䣡
ڣƽϱƵȼͬһʵصҶǳһۣתˡ
СӣҾԲŹģҵšƽһܣһӲش
ҶǳһЦЩ޴½ǿ߶ϲľƾĽ֮ټʵѾ޴½ϵκǿˡ
ʲôƾǼһﾹȻˣԶڼѩĽƽϵŭ𣬲ɵתͷ˹ʱƽǱܵһĻ˶ʯˡ
Ҷǳǿһ
зǳ⣬һС࣬һǵʳôǿ̶ֳȣ
ƾѩҲһĻ۾ʱɴŭ
ƽ϶Ķӣܱס
ݣ
һĽɱʱñѩ
ɱëѩ״ʱµҶǳڰǣٿطӡ
һԵĽ꣬û뵽ѩͻȻ¶ƣûзӦ
ëбѩʱҶǳѾ̤նˣס˱ѩĺ··ӡ
ƽȼˣʵ̫ǿסͷСɡҶǳЦ
ëҲЦþûгˣǻ
֣ټĽĹʱɱıѩ
ҪɱңǾɣѩ۾һ죬֪ԼӲˣѡԱ
Ͼɲ뱻˳Եʵ̫ˡ
ҲҪսҪԼϡ
ò˵Щһһһһ
֣ҲΪҪ뿪޴½ȻҲѡ񳼷ë
¡¡
ѩԱǳֲҶǳëҲը˳ȥѪ˲ơ
ˣ
꿴ŲԶΪըݵգЩ̣̲סЩ
ǿڣˡ
ƽ۷ǿߣҲĶӡ
࣬ǿֲ꿴ԶҶǳη֮ɫҲҳҶǳΪˡ
ͬʱڴԼë뿪޴½ˣҪǿҪﵽʮһս񾳽磬ﵽʮս񾳽磬ΪǴ˵еĵ
Ըѩưܵ޴½

һ޴ɭ֮УħԳŴӣС
Ȼɫһ䣬ҲϬ
κηֱӹ꣬ƾˣħԳʱֹס𾪺Ͳš
ƾͬʮǿޣȻ𣬵ȴʮսԲ磬ʵ֮°
ƾȻˣȻҲҶǳ
ྐྵȻǿһħԳ𺳲ѡ
ǻƾᵽֱֹӹǵ꣬εֵ
һսľΪûһǴﵽεģǶҪˣħԳʱǳ
ȺߵУȻһǿߣ˵һ޴в
ƾһϣǲٷɢˡħԳæѶƽϡ
ԸҶǳǿߣֻȡʤˡ


1122 泲
һͬ𣬷ҡֱϾ
Ҷǳëվڽıϣ˷нգ޴½Ͽա
кܶ巢ǣǶûһ⣬Ͼƽ϶Ǵˣط˭ǵĶ֣
ҶСӣѾ޵ˣʮ꣬Ǿͺú̽Ѱһ±ҲܹΪһﵽʮս񾳽硣ëܵ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦҲã
żϾ޷ʮս񾳽磬ǿҩ԰ҩһԽʮս񾳽硣
ܹǰʮս񾳽磬òˡ
ϾҶǳҿ϶һǿҩ԰ʱ˺ʥ˶ǾԲŹִԵ
ʱ򣬻Щϱǿߣңǳпᡣ
꣬ǱˣϤ֪ʲôطб𣿡ëµĽѯʵ
ԳƬ̣漴˵ĵشı౻̽Ĳ࣬ҪұֻȥǼΣյĵط
˵˵ë
ҶǳҲš
˵һط泲棬ս񼶱оս񼶱ĳʮս񼶱ĳʣ޴½ΣյĵطΪǻƽϡħԳǿߣһΧҲ·һ˵һϵżʲô
ëԵͷǳ壬ǷǳµһȺȻûеսʮǿޣʤ࣬ķٶȻҪ죬޴½Ⱥ֮һǼӵеʮǿһ塣
࣬ʵǿҶǳ΢΢һЦ˵˵ǵľΪˡ
ë۾һʱҶǳ˼æ˵ȺһĵսľΪֻǴڵһΣǵеĳʡƲܹﵽڶΡĽһЩӲж٣
˺սڱ˵Ͼ̫ӴˣʵǿҲᱻѻ
϶ˣҲܹҧ󣬳ӵʮһǡʮǵʵֵܵ
ҶǳǰȴǲֵһᣬĽһֻҪ˵ľΪûдﵽڶΣϾһɱ
ٶĳҲûãĽٶȿ죬κηһȥһϵĳ嶼
ؼλɱٶ࣬Ҳֲ˶á
뵽ë˷ܵߣǾȥ泲Щһϲղرǿ϶ܹ׬һʡң޴½ûһܹǿ壬ӵеı϶ġ
⡭⡭ǲٿһǿǳ尡ǵ̫ӴˣƵĳһӵϣʮһǵսҲ
սս˵
һﾹȻҪȥٳ壬ôȥ
ϾûиܵҶǳĽҶǳĽ̫˽⡣
Ҷǳܴ˻ƽϣʵҲȻƽǿ˶١
ƽϣʮٸƽ֣ҲǳĶ֡
޴½泲һأ˭Ҳ̤롣
żһЩӳ嶼ҪԴҵǡ
һ˭棿
ٷϻȥȥǵСӣǽһ嶪ëһĵؿꡣ
ЦõҵС޴½ûһܹﵽʮһս񾳽磬ڳ˺սǰ˭ҲǶְ
ϻ£˲Ƕ֣ҲǳĶ֣αү㿪۽磬Щôģߡëߴٵ
룬ѾҲͱǿһ㣬ʲôҪǸࡣ
΢΢Ƴһ۱Ŀ˼Ҷǳҧҧչ˳泲
û취ѾһһӪѾ޷ıˣֻܷ㵽ˡ
쿴Ǽˡ
ǵķƺų泲ȥˡ
泲⼸һҪ𣿡
ǿǳ泲޴½ĽأǾȥѰ·𣿡

·кܶעҶǳǵ壬Щ帺ǵ٣ȻЩǿ塣
֪ҶǳҪȥ泲ЩʱϢѶƽϡħԳǡ
ǣһ޴½ıǿߣȫ𾪲ѡ
ȥ泲⼸һ𣿡ħԳ㵡
һԵĻƽһ߷ҺָƣһЦǲǺܺЩ̫ˣܾˣǴȥ˵֮
ιιιǵƣЩҺѾˣˣ㵱Ҵ𣿿³ħԳƼƽϷõҺʱŭ
ƽȻعһҺƲСӣһҺһӵôҺõô𣿡
£ǰҵȻںǲǰЩ߿ҲҺħԳҧгݵ˵
ƽϺٺЦ˭͵ȥ˯
ô֪Ⱥ߻һξȻѡ޴½ĵشħԳҲǺڲѡ
ƽϹһЦվ˵ˣˣ¾͸泲Ϸ౻ɱˣòˣӳˡ
Ǿ·ħԳЦ
ƽϳˣҺսʵǿǵȫ׼һҪɱ
ɣǸһϴνֿ֮棬ǸľУαҪħԳ
ƽϵ˵ͷ˵нʥԳ֣ദȫʢʱڣҲǵĶ֡
ǷͷߣȥϵʥԳȥڳ泲ϡħԳ˵
漴ֱȥ

޴½ĳأۼżǿӰ
ǷֱǷѪڡɽԨѪޡԲмλ벽𣬳ҶǳǺʥ⣬޴½˵УҲֻˡ
ô׷ɱЩѾˣ䵥֮£ͱЩǿ߸ɱˡ
ҵõϢҶǳ˻ƽϣǻȥ˳泲Ѫɫص˵
ͫһ𾪵ƽϣǵ׷ɱǵͷƽҶǳôĶ֣ѵѾ̤ʮս񾳽𣿡
ûУѾﵽսԲˡѪ
һԵİԨһ϶õʲôԵȻȥ泲ֱ
Ŀ£ǷǳģҶǳˡɽҲ˵
ʮǿޣڳʵǳ
ѪҡͷҶǳ޹أؼǣֻʣʮˣٲ취ȡԵα޴½һˡ
ʲô뷨ʵ
Ҳ˷Ѫ
Ѫ΢΢ЦҶǳȥ泲ЩǿҲȥ泲ˣ޴½Ŀⶼ˳泲ԣʱȥһأǻǰࡣ
ڡɽ۾ʱһ
ǵʵһĽػаյģǰǲȥΪ޴½嶼׷ɱǣҶǳЩǿߵעǾͿԳûˡ
һʱ


1123 Ľ޵
泲޴½ĵشǿء
塢һǿȺ뿪޴½֮󣬳޴½ǿȺˡ
ǿǶǿġ
ǳ嵱ûеȻҲ޷뿪޴½޴½ȺȻʵǿޱȡ
ǿ󣬳ȻҲͽޱȡ
ʱһЩӵڳ泲ţ̸޴½顣
˵ЩֽˣѡĵطȻǺĵش
ţҲ˵ˣǻ˻ħԳҺ׳գҺǵȱﶼá
ǴˣÿҺ٣ʱθǳʽ
Ҫ˵ǳôǿ󣬾ӦϺɨ޴½һͳ޴½治֪ΪҪƹЩ壬շǣǳΪū͡
죬ʴȻгʴ˵ľҿԸԤġ
ҲֻǲĶѡ

һЩӵţü֮ԽУԴȺǿ
޴½壬˭ǰ
˭ǺεǿߣǳӵܣÿͿ
ף˭ǳ泲ϿշУ𣿲֪ǳ泲ǲԱе𣿡
ͻȻһӵָŲԶȵ
һڳӵܶʱȥǿһ⼤ƽɫһ㣬˲ǵϿա
ǳ泲ǲ𣿾ͷϿշУ
󵨣ĸȺģǳһȫҪ塣
һĶڳ泲ǰͷϴ

ӵܷ׷׽
߿У긩ĳӵǣЦضҶǳë˵岻ǳ泲ϿշУǿ泲òн泲ħԳƽҲ⡣
ëüͷһһЦȺӻŰԵɽϻӳư
ԷǳͬȻ뵱꣬ǽһ廹û뿪޴½ʱڣЩǰôţ
˵㵱ôûߣëɻ
ԸӷȻˣŭʱֻһŵĳطҷʱ򣬽һ뿪ˡ
Ҳ㸸ĸʱˣȻһҰսëЦ
ŭë
ëæ֣ڨڨЦЦʮǾ뿪ˣ˵Ժܹǡ
һɱǡԼĸĸһɱڡ
ĸĸһĶûУܷŭ

ģĳӵǷ׷״ŭˡ
ЩһɱǿɲһһԵУһǴһɨ˻ģ޵С
޴ĳӣүȥɣ
ëЦһһŽ걳˾ͳϲ񷣬չֳ˵Ӵ壬˫չ֮䣬һ񽣼˷ӿĳɱȥ
ɱ
Ҳ˴ֻɫľ޳ᣬ񵶣˺գӭһֻֻնʱѪ׷ɣʬҰ
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û˿η֮ɫ㱻ëͽɱ壬ԴԴش˷Ϲ
ңʱţϹĳҲԽԽࡣëͽɱĳʮ֮һ
ûãҶǳǱޱߵĳ溣֮Уϣǵ£˷ǳӰգһɫӣҶǳ档
һͷˣһֻҲַǳ泲ֱ
׳գһǳŭɡ
ǳ޵У˭棿

ͬˮһӿǰһˣϾͲˡ
ëͽɱ¾ֶľˣĵأѾвٳǡ
ȺһǶడ¶ʺôôһͶս񼶱𡣡ëƿڴ
˼ʮˣΧĳӷ࣬⻹ô
׳Ϊʲôܹư޴½ˡ
ɱ㶼ɱ꣬Ҳ㡣
͸ˣ߰ɣǸϽߡһɱ¾Χĳ壬һߴ
ëתͷҶǳЦСӿϷôãְ
ҶǳǺһЦʵ̽泲뿴泲浽жٳӣǽȴ̽
Ϊ̽ĳѾﵽʮڣʵ̫ˡ
Ľ
Ҷǳë鷳ʩչĽ
ݣӰεĽʱһ磬ΧѸٶ
Щ˹ĳ壬һ͵ͣڰУǵĿ⾡԰ɢ漴һȥ
ĽٶȺܿ죬ʱķҶǳתγһԽԽԲΡ
Բ·ϵĳ壬ȫ˲ɱ
ʬԽԽ࣬Ѹ¡
һĻǳ𺳣泲ϵĳʬڲϵ࣬ѻɽʬҰ
찡곹׾ˣͷ˿˫ֵҶǳٿ˿ǰϵصȥĳʬ壬˶ðޱ𺳡
ʵֲ̫ˣҶǳôվţΧĳɱһصȥ
̫ˬˣʵ̫ˬˡë˷ܵĴֺصԶЩ壬ȵǣǸղŲǺܿǲǾ˶챾үǵʬûǳ泲
ԱߵĽƳһۣ˵ֲѾĵĸɵģõô
Ҷǳ΢ЦſһУɱ¾Щû˿Ͼ޴½඼ЩԹˣһ޴½塣
ô£ôģûп˳ְ
ǰȻûϢȻ˲
ÿµĵˣ⵽ʲô

ȥĳԽԽӴЩڱסˣһʼˡ
ǲȴԼĪ
ûгУǾˣ
ֲֶ̫ˡ
Щһﺦˣ찡ҳôǵһο徹ȻẦ£ԾؿЩ˵ĳ塣
ҶСӣɱȥëЦ
˺󣬵ûãҶǳǼǰҶǳۿɼĳ壬ȫĽĹΧ֮ڡ
ʵϣҶǳ֮£еĵ˶ѲĽĹ
ңĽĹٶ̫ˣõЩܲ
³Ѹٳˣɻ屻ɱĳʬ泲ûˡ

ͻȻһɹǿϢӳ泲ڱ
һ̣һֻֻ;޴ĳӣӳ泲ڷɳ
Ǿս񼶱ĳɫһ䣬ֻǼ߼ʮʮս޾塣
ڣϰɳˣǿֲϢ
ǽһĻý곹׾ˡ
ΪЩʬҲڲϵصȥ


1124 
̫ˣǿĳȻôɣһ㱻׾ٵ˵Ĳһ
ǽ꣬ɴ۾š
֮ǰЩս񼶱ĳ屻ɱܹ˵ԼϾЩֻսҲаɱһЩ壬ֻǲҶǳɱһƬѡ
ڣЩɶǾս񼶱ģȻҲҶǳɱһƬ
⵽ʲô
иеޱȿ־壬ֹɱս񣬶Ըʮս˵Ҳô
ң뵽֮ǰҶǳĶӵĻƽϣʱƽ϶ȼȻҶǳսܡ
˵ʲô
˵ƽϾȼҲûаնԸҶǳûаձסԲŻѡܡ
ɴ˿ɼҶǳֹжôֲ
вͰҶǳΪǵˣ侴Զ֮
̫ˣ
ëе
ǰƬĳʬȥëе쳣ܺͼ̲סơ
Ķүүͽˣԣǽ档
ëŵָŲԶĳǹ˹ָһĿͲм֮ɫ
ȴˣǵëҧгݣиǿ־塣
ЩǿĳǣҲе־ޱȡ
ǳ岻κεˣڣǿ־ˡ
δ֪Ŀ־壡
κˣδ֪˿־塣
Щ岻ԼôĶ㲻·Էһ񣬾ܺɨԼһƬ⻹ô
Ϊֹ˵ëûʵֲ̫ˡ
ǳɨ޴½ư޴½ô꣬ûĵˡ
ħħ
ǵʹߡ
Ӱ

ųĲ䣬һЩڱˣǴɢӣ³κǶ
ʵϣһЩҲͲסˣʵ̫ˣǵڶ㲻ɱô˵ġ
Ӱ
ħˣ
ױˡ
һߣͻиߣ̶ʹ
Ҳʼˡ
ΪǷһµ飬ǾǵĳʴѾˡ
ó涼û¶ѾˣǺεȵĲ˼飿
˰Ҳ̫û˼˰ɣ˵κε˶ﵨС治򡣡ëܵĳɵŭ
һԵĽ룬Ѿĵվ˵ۣҶǳֹҲߵġ
ǰԵ˲ӣΪɱ¾ʱ򣬳Ҳ˵ˣԳףֻҪǼƴȥ϶ǻʤϾҲܹˡ
ڣô࣬ȴ˵½Ƕû⻹ô򣿾ӴҲᱻҶǳɱ⡣
ߣǽȥҶǳ˵
ʵˣֱӰҶǳĻﵱҶǳë泲
泲ǳʬ壬һƬʬҰѪƯ֣ʵǲ
治ųư޴½ĳôһ졣һп
泲ǹؾص߽ܵİۣ衣ڣȴԷŽصĳʬ壬澹ȻǷǳʹ졣
̫ˬˣ
š
Ҳн찡
һֻ
ӿٶȣûбЩˡëߴٵ
굱ӿٶȣ泲
һɫĹͻȻ¶Ҷǳǰ
һ𣬾ȵǳʵĹ֣ʾȻûаߡ
һƹѡëҡҡͷ
Ҷǳȴ˫⣬ǰɫĹ
漴һеĹâԽˡ
ë쵽Ҷǳɵʵʲô𣿡
ѹֳûаߣΪһ޷ֻܰɫĹҶǳϲɫ

ëԵɴ۾ʱϲ֮ɫ
ֽһ˺һձɳɷ
ԣսǽһǧ
쵰ԭǲһѹǰһֱǽȻǰҲսʵԭǿͨսȴ˴Բ磬Բʹսǿ
ëĽϻһǼһǰ׳գҲܹսԲ硣
ߣǽȥѾ̽ˣ泲ıﶼˣֻʣɫĹ
Ҷǳ̤նǰİɫ
ëæȥ
ͣڰɫǰϸϸš
ҶСӣа취ƿ𣿡ëʵ
ҶǳƬ̣漴ЦʵȻһ׼ﱣʵǿ󣬸ңԶľ룬׼ƿطǳޣȫԽ֮ƿ
ݣ
Ҷǳ˵գĽѾɱ˳ȥݺݵײǰİɫ
䣡ɫĹʱһڷŭ
ʱڳ泲ĳɽһͨɫĳ͵شѪɫؿų泲ķ򣬷ŭĵͺ࣬ҲŹġ
ǳʡ
ԭҪɱҶǳģͨ³Ļ棬ô
ʿµĳͨƵģԱ˲֪Щģȴһ
˲䣬һӰεĽͰЩնֲֿóʸе־塣
ΪȻʮս񣬵ľΪЩս񼶱ĳǿ˶١
Щս񼶱ĳֵסҶǳһֵܹסΣʮζѡ
ԣҶǳ棬ֱӾˡ
ȻǲƶģֻðɫסҲûжٰա
ϾǸܵǰδеĿ־塣
䣡
һɫĹȻƿն
̧ͷһԼڳ泲ǿĹжʱһ
Ȼ׼Ҳס
࣬һҪɱ㣬Ϊɱѩޡʿų泲ķ򣬰䷢ģ漴𰵽ɫĹ뿪˵ء

泲
ëƿնȥİɫЩź˵ǿһ׼ܹͺˡ
ҶǳҡͷʮսԲǿߣĽδشùɫѾҪߣû£ʮһսʵ
ǻɣôô𺳰ɴ۾ǰһò֮̾ɫ
Ҷǳëȥǰϵɣ֦ý⣬Ե÷ǳʥ
ҶСӣҾˣʮ꣬ǾսɣүҪѷӡһԲ硣ë˷ܵ
ҶǳͷЦ˵Ҳߣôʣµʮ꣬Ͷڴ˵ذɡ
ëҪӡҶǳҲҪӡһʮǿսӡ


1125 Ϯ
ĵرͬУʮĽܳɵûﵽʮڣƶͻ
ǰȻûгɵȻĻʾʹ뿪ˣһֱڳ泲
ѹֳһֱʵͳһ޴½ȴûôԭǳʵ뿪ᱻ˷֡꿴ǰлȻ
ëƲٷϻˣǸϽɣⶫִߣˣͰٵɣǼһ
ٵĵرɴ۾ᡣ
ëߵȥ½ˣǣصס𣿡
زסһЦʵػش
ʵǿܹصס¼ҹһˣزס
ܴߣǿϧоԼĶʹ
ҶǳȻ۾տտ˵ȻߣǾͲϧһдۣ󻯵ؿô
ҶСӣ˵ë۾һҶǳĴ㡣
Ҷǳ˵նͻ᳹ͷųʱǴڴ˵ڵЧǿǧ򱶡
˻оò̰үϲë¸Ц
꿴ǰ̾ϢĿޣΪһɵǳ׶Ͼɵϣ
ҶǳҡͷɵˣҲ֣ڻûгɵǾûеǣĵرûʲôѵĵرҲҪ𣿡
ڻûеǣǻⲻɱ˵ǷˣҲҪԼѼءëҡͷ
˵ͷղҲֻǸеЩϧϾĵرɵףһɹǾ޵У
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һͬضɽҡ
һɱ߲ʵϢ¶űӿȵͬ嫺һ㣬û泲
ϧˣҶǳһ̾ûжٸٿϧҲֻһĵرο֣ԺҲֵġ
ɵһˣʵҲ
ʾԲŹġ
ɣˣ꣬үѷӡҲڸ㡣ë˵
ѾΪ֮˽ƣٱ԰ѷӡҲͲʲô
źӡ𣿡ʱЩȲϾҶǳëÿʩչӡǰǿ
ңսĺʱ
һԣҶǳѾϥ£ӡˡ

ʱת˲š
һҶǳͰѷӡ˴Բ硣
ή£Ҷǳ͵˷ܵû뵽һʱҵķӡﵽԲ磬ЧûնֻƽǰҲúķѼʮܽӡԲ硣
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ӡˡҶǳ뵽
ǣڴʱĹǿϢų泲ķע⡣
ϢϤֱǻħԳͻƽϡ
ҶǳĿһüͷ塣
Խëû泲أ
Ҷǳתͷ˿֮еëнꡣ
ԲǴŵ
Ҷǳ˾ϣһĹëǺһסˡ
һǵеһ˶ס
ҶǳҪԼ֣סС
ԣҶǳʼͷųԼϢڳ泲ϿգԶԶǵ
СӵϢôôǿ󣿡ԶʣɫȻһ䣬𾪵
һԵĻƽߵѾﵽսԲ磬ڵ㣬ָȫʢʱڣҲĶ֡
ɫʱ
ǷˣȻһھսԶǿࡣħԳɫص
ԱߣɫëĽʥԳЦҲ̫Ц˰ɣһ࣬Ͱųǿѵ˵Ķ֣
ƽЦûս֪һеĿ£ѵˣǰÿϢ嶼ɱĴܶӣ¶档
˵飬ħԳ
尡ǿ޴½İЩǿߣҪȥʹױһҲ
ӴĳȻһɱ仨ˮӣʶˣϢȥ޴½ˣǿ߶ˡ
ǳľΪ̫ƣǼľȳʶǿٿԵֵһʱ䣬ʱ㹻ֻɱǸˡʥԳӲ
ֻУֻʳһܹôǿ
֮ҶСĵ㡣ħԳ˵
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ֻнʥԳû£ǸҲǿҲܱǿ̫ࡣ
ৣ
޼ٶУܿʹﵽ˳泲Ͽա
ĳ泲ħԳһпǰǽ泲ʱ򣬶òнڿԴҡڵطɽˣ붼ˬ
˵ʵһ㣬һҪлǸࡣҲЦ˵һǰҪʽеı֪
ԣ뵽Ҷǳѳɱ仨ˮǸеޱʹ졣
쿴кöʬ尡ƽָĳ泲𺳡
Ҷǳɱĳ̫ˣǵʬ嶼ڳ泲Уһȥȫǳʬ壬ѻɽǳ𺳡
ѹʶŵˡħԳ̾һɫԽˡ
һֻȺľΪദڵһΣǳҲֻǿﵽڶΣǲŻᱻһսɱ
ˣƽ̧ͷǰ
ħԳʥԳǰȥ
֮䣬һ޳Ӱ˳ڷ裬磬
ʱ޶еһɾâĿۡ
Ҷǣ
ҧгݵصҶǳԵóƺ
ҶǳĮؿͻȻЦúãҪȥ㣬һᣬҵҴ뿪޴½㻹лΪ
ƨһԼ뿪޴½ŭһֱӳҶǳɱȥ


1126 ɱ
ͷ񣬲ҶǳȻշʵڲܰ
ɱ
һֱ¶壬ı̣һͬһܼҶǳûˡ
Ҷǳһɨռչ¶һڰɫˮīʱеı̾˽ȥ
ǲ
˺գ̧צɱҶǳ֮ռ羵һ˺ѵķ鿪֮ж˼Ѫۡ
أ
Ҷǳȭȥռȭһǰƥݺݵײצϣһ̶ĺ
һ֮ҶǳǼٺˣȻƽɫ
ɶ񣡡
ҧгݣòϣѾﵽսԲҶǳʵѾˡ
ǻ춯֣ߺ޵תͷԻħԳ޺
ħԳһЦŴҶǳЦСӣϴûע⵽㣬û뵽̶̼ʮ꣬ʵȻôЩϴûɱ㡣
䣡
ħԳǳֲһ·񷶼ˣһķ顣
һûʲôֱһĹӷǳ·ռ֮ҹ޴ܡ
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1129 в
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мʮһս񼴱ĵ￪ʼߵʮս񼶱ĵȫҶǳ
쵰ëɴ۾š
һԵߵư޴½Щ겻֪˶ٸȺһģҲøǽĵرǵȻˡ
ףʮս񼶱ĵﾹȻ̺֮ñүáͻȻë۾һһץһ˶Ĳ


1130 Ŷ
ë־磬ҲֻʮһǺʮս񼶱ĵЩôԿһʮս񼶱ĵëеļ֪

Ҷǳ˵ͷҲǳˣëΪܹôʵԻΪһǿİ֡
ңëֵΡ
Щ뿪һһ顣Ҷǳ˵꣬ͽﶼȻʻ˵ˣټˡ
˵ֻҶǳ뿪
ҶǳЦһë뿪ˡ
Щĵ˵ҪŹ֮ǰ˵ˣҪɱһЩ壬㽫սʱ𣿡
ëҡͷϴռĳʬѾˣңʵҪģֻҪʵǿˣǻ𣿡
˵еԣ˵ͷ
ߵֻǾŹ壬Щˬˡ
ȵ㣬ϾҪ뿪޴½ˣԺΪֻ޴½ֺαظһȺҶǳЦ˵
ӲŭУԺĵʱһ塣
֪ˣҶǳ˰֣ʼӳõĵ
ˣ⡮ĳƺſòˡ
ţҲ˹ȥǶѵ֮ûʺԼʹõġ
һޣϸ
ȻмʮǸҪһ飬ΪǾսʮսΪʮһսʮս񼶱ĵĵﶼûô
ԣҶǳֱӰʮһս񼶱µĵųˡ
ֻʣʮ߼ʮһս񼶱ĵʮս񼶱ĵ
Ȼʮһս񼶱ĵʺҡʮһս񼶱ĵѾëˣֵΣȻҪҶǳǿ
Ȼֻһʮս񼶱ĵʺϱүëֵ˵ֻǿ۽ǵЦݣ֪Ѿˡ
Ͼһʮս񼶱ĵΪսԲ磬ټѾﵽԲķӡսܺˡ
ϧûʺҵģ浹ùҶǳɨһۣЩơ
ôȻûһʺõġ
СӵĺѾˡëЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦһʮս񼶱ĵʮһս񼶱ĵĽ˵ѩãȻʺΪҪˡ
ѩѾͷ𣿡ë۾һ˵˵ˣѾͷӵһ㲻Ϊһս죬ǵúú
ңûʺ롢õĵΪͣսʮս񼶱ĵﶼáҶǳ˵ţսʮս񼶱ĵҲ˳
ëҲ֪ǼʲôԸҶǳһ顣
ʱ
һʮս񼶱ĵ¶ԥ֮ɫ
ʣʮս񼶱ĵʺá
ëע⵽ɫЦ˵ʲô𣿾ðԺҪһս磬ҪʵûȵһǧԼ޵ˣ¾ͻᱻҶС߳ˣŶӿǲӭߡ
ԳĬƬ̣漴Ǽʮս񼶱ĵû˵ǲ֪֮䣬Ҷǳëͬࡣ
ȻҶǳܣȳΪҶǳҶǳûаҸ㹻ϺΣܸжѾٵҶǳˡ
ǽȥҸط𣿡ѯʵǳһΣҶǳˣǰٷС
Ҷǳ΢΢˼Ƭ̣˵ȥħԳϳ
ҪǱ𣿡תͷҶǳΧҶǳħԳ֮һҶǳ׼ˡ
ҶǳҡͷҶûôСأֻǿ֮УֻͻħԳԸԸһ뿪޴½ϾһҲһǿս
Ⱑ
һԵë˷ܵҶСӣҪ׼һŶӰ¸£ܹһ飬Ժ½ǵ£ʱܹʮһ֣˭ǵĶ֣
һ𣬸оԱͷһɥ츳Ҳֻǰ벽Ρ
ʮ𡭡һ𺳣ëĳţܹʮǾԿԺɨһе˰
ҶǳЦ˵ʮ̫ˣΪǴײ˰˵Ƕ߰ޱȣôܶԸһ𡣲пܵģھˡ
Ҳˡë˵ͷҲôʮʵɵתͷЦ˵޴½ϤûЩԸ뿪
һҲûУ
ҡͷǱҶǳܣҲǵģİǶ
ë̾˿֪˵öԣǺҶǳϵãҲܺҶǳһ
ܹΪģһǰޱȣҶǳˣ𣿾Բܣ
ߣȥһħԳͬ⣬õҺҶǳ΢΢Ц
굱ŻħԳϳȥΪ޴½ǿߣ굱Ȼ֪ħԳϳλá
úǾ͵ִ˵ҶǳҺĵطǴ˵ؿյģûκǿϢҲû˵Һ
֣ҺأѵħԳǱǰˣë̽ܣȴûиӦħԳϢ
ҶǳջҡͷûлħԳϢ
ܰңΪҺ޷ƶģһƶԺͲٵҺˡĻֱӰҺˣħԳ
꿪ڵҾҵĿΪµǻɵֲҺǣֻûٵˡ
ҶǳֵˣǾɣͽȥ棬ȵʱ䵽ˣͿԴһ뿪޴½ˡ
ͽ˵ͷ˫˫ëأϾһʱʱ䣬ȵҶǳëͳȥǻô뿪޴½
ëչͽ꣬ɻؿҶǳʵôǽأ
ˣҵ滹һʮһս񼶱٣ҵܣʱ֪ҶǳЦ˵
ëʱȻ򣺡ҲԣҲˣϾ˽ƣܻᱳǡǾͲ˵ˣʱ
㲻Ҫ̫ԣ淴ġҶǳѵ
ëһۣүô׳ûһ˸ǱĬĸıΪеһԱ


1131 ع
Ҷǳ˵ͷëһУȷЧ
Ŷ֮еģеʱ䳤ˣҲϰˣȻҲϤˡ
ҶǳʼնûҪշһǲܳڱ˵ģֻܸѡ
ҶǳҲûпǹᱳѣΪ׼
ٱĵơ
Ҷǳʮһս񼶱ģȻʵʮһսеľǿߣһܴãǱˡ
һٷȫ԰һʮһǵսסʱҶǳʹĽɱˡ
ٺĽƣټʵԼëͽ꣬޾ıѡ
һұѣַӾɱ
û㹻ĵշһҶǳɲô嶯
ˣүҲҪץʱʮս񼶱ĵҵʵҲͲȷѪǼһˡëһЦ˷ܡ
ȻΣҪѪ᲻һ̫ӵĳƺţϾһɹˣôδܹͳ˧һ壬ʮǿһ壬ʵȲѷɫ
㰲㻤ҶǳЦ
ûеҪӡͷӡҲԲ磬ʱҪˡ

޴½ĳɽԲӳɽڵľ޴Ӱ΢΢Ц뿪𣿡
ˣ
һߴޱȵӰ˽¶ɢǿϢŵĴӣͬһһ㡣
ǻħԳ
࣬Ը㶨ԼԺͬħԳԲ˵ͬڴס
ԲԣϵЦݸʤˣãͶԼԸԺ̤ͬ硣
˵꣬Բҧָ⣬ѪӡָħԳ
ħԳԼָҲѪӡԲָһ
һ̣һѪɫķǵָ˹ᴩ
һǵѾϵһҪôһҪôһ
󣬻ħԳȻԲ뿪޴½һǶµԼ
Ҷǳ֪ˣ϶ܾȡ
Ҷǳ˽٣ԲħԳʵ
ħԳԲԱһƨȻ˴˶ԼԲҲͰٷ֮ٵˣ˵Ǹǿžзǳֲ
֪һ˵ӰεĽκηֱӹ˵ꡣԲ΢΢һЦȴ⣬ľΪܸߣѾﵽ˵ΣڻħԳҺİ£Ҫﵽ۷ˡ
ľΪںҶǳĽൽʱһ¾͹ˡ
Ľ˵ֻҪľΪֵܹħԳµںսһоܴҵ壬޷ֵ
𡭡ںϡ
Բͫһ漴ݲȵ¶һĨ𾪣ʽ
ʽһе𣿡ħԳʵ
Բ˵ͷ漴һ̾һﻹǿֲȻ֪Ծذѷʽ˵ʽ𣬿Ҫ޵ˡ
ҾѾ޵ͬˡħԳҡͷ
ԲһŵʱһĶ֣ǵˡеһŴܹͨˡܹķʽΪôҵõġ
λǰĹ𣿡
ħԳ˵ʷϣһΪ޴½һλھˡһʣΪõĻ飬λǰϢҲ㶨Լ
Һܺ棡Բ΢΢ĿڵȻûгԵǸˣЩְ
Ӧ֪ǸֲܿûаȱػɱԾֻһ顣ħԳ˵
Բ˵ͷ漴̾Ǹ˿Զʱһǿߣ޷󣬵˭
ڻ½𣿡ħԳʵ
Բ֪ҸоӦáڡ
㻹ʲôһǿʦ棬ҶǳǸ࣬ԺҲĶ֡ħԳһЦ
ԲЦЦǸʦϤҲֻǽͻħԳԼס
ϾħԳʮǿޣһһλĻ飬ֶΪ
ҵذɣҪ˶ãǾҪͳȥˡԲ漴˵
ħԳ˵ͷ漴һľɫ̾һο޴½ˡ
˵߽꣬Բء

ʮʱ䣬һһ8͹ȥˡ
֮еҶǳ۾ָһ㣬֪ʱˣƬ֮䣬ǾҪͳȥˡ
ҶСӣ
ë۾ֹͣ
ҶǳƳһۣΪֻһСΣ֪ûаǼʮս񼶱ĵ
ҲǺ飬Ͼһʮս񼶱ĵ˼ʮꡣ
̶ʮʱ䣬ëȻܽ
ʮս񼶱ĵ̫ˣȳȥ󣬱үٽǲһĵʮʱҲֻһ꣬үֻҪʱ͹ˡ
ëһЦżУֲߡ
ˣ
ȻҶǳбһ貵⣬ǿʱܵĿռ䴫ʯһɿֲĿռ˶סˡ
ͬʱëҲһƬ貵
ͣ
飬ɫŷֱҶǳëƿռ䣬½ķ
Ҷǳ֮⣬ʮɫţգǰ½
𵱳޴½ʱ˼ʮţЩ˶Ѿ޴½ıǿɱˣõ޴½
˵һε޴½ʧء
䣡
ڵһУһӰЯǿϢڴ̨ϡ
ڣ
Ѫ
ɽ
˻к˺ܶˣһꡣ
ɽ̾ѪˣնҲˣһλǲпᰡλʮλ벽𡣡
ʤ̭Ǽˣֵ˭ԨЦ
һЦؿԶҶǳҶǳ˵ȥ泲ˣû뵽㻹ܻŻ
֪Ҷǳɨ޴½飬ϾҶǳܳ壬ʱѾҸطչԼõĵˡ
޴½ǱϾߣҲûб˻ҶǳЩ¼
УҲֻԲһ֪ûжԣֻЦ
׳գ
ҶǳûлػվԱߵëȿһ䣬ڵĿг˳
˵˭ڶʱëһǿϢëѹȹ
ʶë
һ벽ûз
ǡ
䣡
һͬǿޱȵƣëϱӭڳȥ


1132 

ɫһ䣬ȫ𾪵ؿë
ϢǶܹܵõǲһôֵһλ
ѪҲ˹ǲµëģϾҶǳëҲͿԽؽˡ
쵰ȻһӦöҵġԱߣܷܵëʡ
ǰͲëëΪ͸ˡ
һﾹȻɾ𣡡
һֵڶλˡ
һҪѹˡ
벻ѹԵʱӵǱ

˶۷׷ס
ɽԨ΢΢ĿһǿʢѹԺøıԴһĲˡ
ѹָǰҲŵȣѪԶڶëЦ
ë˫ֺۣؿڣߵٷϻսү㿴˭˭
˻ȻһﾹȻҪսڡ
ԣҲŵȣھߵȼһУһոս𣬾ҴԲѵսڣʵ̫ˡ
ĿһƲͷëԱߵҶǳǿҶǳĵɣ𼱣ǳһսġ
˵꣬ת̤նȥ
ǲһĵ̣ɱһһҪԿĻ
УСëڵıӰߵ
һɱ䣬뿪ˡ
ֻǣëˣѾеıɱ
ѪҲˡ
λˡ

ɽԨǿߣҲ׷׸ǡ
ջСõ˲ٵҪȥ
ֻʣҶǳëзѪֵܶˡ
ƲͷѪëйâʢѪǰү㣬񱾴үҲΣ̫ӵݣҲһˡ
ҶǳһԿţǲһ飬֡
ңëϾëѾѷӡԲ磬ƾһ㣬ͲȷѪ١
ãʱսѪɫƽûʲôŭ¶ë˵ͷ
ƽӦԣë·һȭ޻оܲˬ
ѪӦûܷŭȻһʱڻܷѪܳͷˡ
ϧ
ѪתͷҶǳ΢ЦҶ֣˵ջС
ڷѪҶǳĶ֡
ëһ½һûз
ǺǣѣնԱˣȻҲĶ֡ҶǳЦ
Ѫһݣ֪նԱ϶ǱҶǳȵģһѵߣ
΢΢ǰ࣬Ѫип໹ĺ£еӰն֮أֶΣ̫ˡ
Ѫеľˡ
Ҷ֣λӣλĴ˾Ҫˣ֮Ϊ֮ɡ
Ѫ˵ʹܷܵ뿪ˡ
磬˧Ǽһ̫ˣһ̫ݣղôѵһ٣һ˵
ѪҡͷģˣεڣڻȥҽҶǳǳ˲ãҲûնԸȵ˳ֻҪ֮ɡ
ֻЩģǻ쵰ȻΪ𡣡һļ֮ɫ
Ѫ˵Σն粻Ѫ಻𣿵ѾˣȴţԺ󻹻Ϊʮһս񣬶أ¶ᱻˡ
ʱȻ򣺡磬ˣЦӮҡҶǳͷ˧Ȼڷ⣬ǵȵ˳Ҳɡ
׾ͺãʱ򲻳Ϊ𣬷ȫ٣ûôѹҲû˻ص㡣Ѫ΢΢Ц
ֵȥ

ưǼһﾹȻô侲
ëԶȥķѪֵܶˣɵһơ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦѪ˳ǸҾУµģڶԣҪ̫ݣ²ס
ǸҲûãһֻʵȱүΪȥƾԲķӡѵ᲻ëһŵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦǺǣľͺã˵㲻ҲûϵԺлᣬһ
ѪûʲôԹȻѪë·Ȼ顣
οлĻѪ϶Ҳ顣
ÿһ𶼻ụɱʥ𶼲Ϊһ˵
˵½ޣÿһֻܹΪ㲻һﵽһڶͺѳΪ
ԣ½ÿһĸʵ𣬶˴˼ɱǶҪ֣ܶΪһĵһδлΪ
ԣҶǳ̤𾳽֮󣬾עѪһս
޷ġ
ߣȻȥȱү˵ٺúıһҩ԰顣ë˵
ҩ԰ҶǳĿҪúıһ£λԶʱĵһǿ߹עǣд
ʱǺúıһ£ҼǶں棬֮ë˵ͷ
Զʱĵһǿߣû˸Ҵ⡣
һִﶢˣǾԻдѡ
صɫëʹҴҸǲһĵȥˣҶǳڴ˵ؾޣ˳滮һԼ֮·
ΪѾﵽ˾սԲ磬Ҫʮս񾳽磬ʱںõֻܵȴҩ԰ˡ
ӡӡҲﵽԲ磬ҪˣǿճҲʱ䣬Ժ԰Ѿڸռȥˡ
ʽȻǵʽ֪ʦûںڰԨҵڰ𣬻й𣬸ȥѰң
ѾﵽԲ磬֪ʲôͻƣֻܵʦҵڰںͻˡ

ҶǳϥţƻԼ֮·
ԼҪʵ˽ʮս񾳽֮⣬ֻںϺڰˡ
һں˺ڰԽʮս񾳽磬ܹͻơ
ķʽҲﵽڰʽʵνǷ츲صĴ仯
ʱʲô˰ʥ˰塣
ֻʱȥôˣҲ֪Լʦҵ˺ڰûС
Ҷǳóռ䷨ּʦΪһϢȥ
ΪܿͻѶˣڿռ䷨ּ˵ͽѾ˺ڰڰԨ̫ΣˣҪһʱ䡣
ҶǳһϲæѶʦСĵ㣬ڰ𲻼һʱѾҪʮս񾳽ˣʱʦͽһ̽ڰԨ
𣿿ͽ˴ԵģΪʦһҵڰġңڣΪʦԱ㹻ˣ㲻ΪʦġΪӦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷʦΪʵǿټзӡʮǵսҲܹݲȣԱӦ㹻ˡ


1133 Ա
ڰԨΣյش
ΪվϣΧһɹǿϢЦһȫ߶ţʱһɫ˺Ѳգδ֪ɱȥ

Ĳҽ˷
֪ǿĺڰħޣΪնɱ
ϤѾ𽥱ӳ
ΪЦһԦţڰԨ
˾Ҫˣͽг𣬱ڴ֮ǰѺڰҵ
Ϊ뵽
ΪһϱǿߣȻҲ֪Ҫˣɱ
ͽ𣬾ͱҪ顣
ʦģȻܲ飬ȴԾͽʵ
ֻܿˣǺڰһҪҵΪԦţֱӳ˺ڰԨ
洦ɼʮһս񼶱ĺڰħޣżʮս񼶱ĺڰħ޳֣ǺڰԨΣյĵط
ΪӵҲ˵أǼֱΪ
ѾõϢڰһֹ

һ塣
ʱ󣬼ʱ䣬ƷŸƨһһ͹ȥˡ
ҶǳڸռͻȻܵëϢ۾
ҶСӣүǼˡëһЦݵش˽
ҶǳɨëһۣʱëΪ˾սԲ磬һʮս񾳽ֻһߡ
߰ɣﵢʱˣҹͽǶˡҶǳ漴Ц
ͽڻë棬Ͼǲһ壬ʵͷǳǿһЩҪ鷳
ȥһ𣿱үҲþûмˣǸƭӣүҪЩ곤˶١ëЩôķֱҲЩЩˡ
ȥһ壬ǲǵõô𣿸ȥʵʱԵĻҲҩ԰Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ҩ԰һԵʮһǵս񶼻ĶĺôȻҪչԼߵˡ
߰ɣȥ˵һ壬ٺúıһҩ԰ëҶǳ뿪һ塣
زһŵģǸ˷ڣʮս񼶱
ڿҶǳǵʱЦҶӣӭ´͡
пǲǣȾơҶǳЦЦ
ԱߵëƳ˷һۣЦڣڵʵɲˣҪúŬôˣȻһ󱲸Խˡ
ɫһƬë˵ģϾëһλ𣬾սԲ𣬵ȷ
У޵У߰ɡڴߴٵùˣë뿪ҲǼ飬ٿ԰һʱˡ

ëЦ뿪ˡ
˲һ壬ҶǳֱӴ˲Ƹ·ܿϺϿա
˵ѾԶ벻һ壬ҶǳҲõĻᱻһǿ̽鵽ˡ
ǷųɡҶǳë˵
ë˵ͷ漴˻֣ԼأʱгԻͽӡ
ʱǿϢء
ι͵㣬½ǿﲻ֪ж٣СıץȥˡëƲ
ͽæԼϢ
޴½ǶǿߣκˣԲŻʱ޿̷ųԼϢˡ
½ʮһս񣬻ʮսеǵʵȷҪСһ㡣
Ȼû޴½ֲֿѹƣһɵĸо·ϵμȥˡпйâá
֪һĵ磬ûκѹơ
Խʮһսʮսǵ硣
һԵĽʱ˷ܵ½ˣʮսԲ磬һʱ䣬Ҿа̤ʮһս񾳽硣
꣬СǼȻʮսԲ磬Ǽ˵оΪˡëһĽ˵
֮ǰʮս۷徳磬Ǽʮһս񼶱ĵ֮ҲʹﵽʮսԲ硣
Ľƨֲ𣬾ﵽʮսԲ磬ʵҲ͸ࡣƲĸУԱ
˵ҶǳҪһŶӣ͸ԱˣǸŶûԼ㲻ԼԺʸûˣ붼ñߡ
ҪŬ츳УҾΪֻҪΪǿһ갵뵽
ޣҲԼϣɲΪʵ̫ϳŶӡ
޴½һУ֪䣬ѾϰŶӵĴڡ
ϲ̤ʮս񾳽硣ҶǳЦ˵
ǾսԲ磬ԴǼʮս񼶱ĵ֮ȻҲͽʮս񾳽磬һֱӽʮսڡ
ߣڿɲҵĶ֣ҪߵĻֶסǲǺܺڵûи½ƣҶǳߵ
һʱЩš
ιιιͲˣôôܷءһæ˵
Ҷǳ˰֣Ц˵Ƿڣߣ͵ҿˡϾҪŶӣɲǴūŶӣҪǶԱūͣǿŤĹϲ𡣡
˵꣬Ҷǳë˵ѽĽҲ˰ɡ
ã
ë֪Ҷǳк֣ԸͽᱳѣֽĽƸˡ
۾һ飬Լ֮еĽƹȻʧˣЩӵؿһҶǳëһȻҪ

֮ǰҶǳǺԥشڸԼӡһʮһս񼶱ĵ
һҶǳë˵ҹ¼ҹһҲҪǣҿ˳ֻۡǡֻҲ𣬿ûʸǵŶӡ
үȻûпˣǽ㽲ëһĽ꣬Цûϵүڽ޴½֮ǰҲǰ벽ǿޣδزΪǻȫġ
ãЦˣܵŶӵůǰδйġ֮顣
˲ɵÿ
˫ۣëһۣߵǲǹ˵ûģҼȻӦһǧ꣬Ǿһǧ꣬һǧ뿪ʱ䣬͵ǸϤˡ
Ӳ
ҶǳЦЦ֪
ôأ֪ߣǰһ壬ݵһ澰Ҵȥ˵Ǿסһλʮս񼶱϶ûּɣүȥһ¡
ëЦ
ԶҶǳ΢΢һЦŶȶˡ
Ȱѩ롢ġСǼŶӣδ϶ܹɨ۰Դ½


1134 ˫
ʮս񼶱
ëĻʱŵһæֵԼȥɣһûлʮս񼶱ܹʶ𣿹綼˲ɱǡ
һԵĽٺЦȻô˵϶ûΣհСأɲȥ
֪ߣҲ粻еģԺΪ˧硣ë˵껹Ҷǳһۡ
Ҷǳ磬ͽ궼֪ëǸţЦ˰졣
ҶǳëЦ˵ͷİɣʮս񼶱һֱڳ˯ֻҪ㲻عֱǵġ
ԭˣҵҪʶһ¡ʱȤ޴½Դӱ֮ʮһǵսûУοʮս񼶱ǼֱǷëǵĴڣҲܺ档
߰ɣ
Ҷǳ˻֣Ц˵ͻȻˣ޴½һʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ӧֵ˽彣ʱˣժá
ţүҲ߽ģ⽣ԱүҲôë˵ͷ
ͽЩɻҶǳѽô˵һ¡
氡
˾̾ѡ
漴ЩźΪǲ߽ġ
˵ǰ壬ʵǿޱȣ·ٶȶܿ졣
ëͻȻ£Լ˴еʵ࣬ȱȿ˭ٶȸ졣
ⲻŰѵû˵Ǿʫ𣿴һͬ𣬷ҡֱϾǽһųٶȵһұٶȣʱһЦ
һشˣֻһ벽𣬵ʲôʱΣװҲ١
˸ǣǴԪ֮һԣҶǳЦ
ٶȣȵùҵ˲
ë˵СӲ˲ƣү涨һ£αԣֻܶԲκͨ
޳ɣæ˵
Ҳ˵ͷƳҶǳһۣЦҪ˲ˣʲô
ҶǳЦ۸˰һ屾ơ
СӣǫˣΪү֪СóٶȰëƲ
еǿʼɣ
˵꣬һɳ죬һ⣬ʧ
һ㶣漴ŭѡ
Բۣ쵰Ȼȣʵ޳ܰëһ׷Žȥ
ʶôãҲǵһμô޳ܡһҲӿٶȣ׷ȥ
䣡
Ҷǳ˶һ񽣣˺գһֲֿٶȣ˲䳬Խˣ׷˽ꡣ
ëĿɿڴ
һ𣿡ŵ
ëЦүˣǿߵٶȱͿ죬˴ԪһɲʮǿѷɫٶȿҲ
ƴӿٶȣʮǿޣһڸǴﵽʮս񼶱ʵ˵ǿģôٶأ
ٲãҲҪ嵽ڶ̫ˡ
һȻųƼ٣ǲһǷеĻߣٶȿǵưëЦһ˲䳬ԽҲ׷˽Ҷǳ
ƣѵԼҪ
̫ˡ
һӿٶȡ
ǰëҶǳͽĺ档
Ҷǳͽ꣬˲ʱһֱǲʤǵٶ
ǽһ壬һٶȵĳƺŹȻ鴫ҪҾĲˡҶǳԱߵĽ꣬
Ʋǿֲأô壬ȻֲֿܹٶȣҲǷˣʵ㣬Ȼٶȶ㡣
쵰֪װȣҵ𣿡ëںе
˵꣬ëͷһۣԴǵ˵ǿһµβĸܡ
ʱܵһα
壬ôĹ°ֱڲ£һء
һٶȥˣȻϯĽһؾκˡ
ôԶȻôʮս񼶱ӭĽɵһ̾
ߣȥɽҵҶǳǰ˵
ڴʱһӴӽϺɨʱҶǳһ
ʮһս񣡡ɫص
Ȼʮһǿˣѵǻôëһ
߲ƣ֮дŵ⡣
Ҷǳȴüͷ֮иӦһϤϢ
˲ûη壬ĸ֣ʮһǵսͬһս
ˣ
Ȼë۾ǰ
Ӱһһ죬ӽ֮мƬ֮䣬ҶǳǰԶĸ߿С
ͬʱǿϢա
Ѫޣ
Ҷǳһʱϳˡ
ѹЩϤԭǵһ뱱ĹصһѪޣ͸˵ˣ϶ˣλ޴½
СӣܾˣҾ֪壬ȻûʧҶǳһЦ
ҶǳƳѪһۣתͷߵ㻹Ƕᣬʦбȥ
ţеɱǿˣɫɭؿҶǳ˵ģʦ˶õģµʦͽԱ
ƾҶǳм
ߵСӣҲֻǾս񾳽磬޷ʮһս񾳽
ѪޣҶǳңȥһ漴ԱߵѪ˵
Ѫ޿Ҷǳһۣ˵Ҫɱģû뵽ô죬òϣѾĶˣǵΪУվ·һĻµɡ
˵գѪ޳ë˷ȥ
䣡
һǿϢëмضѪޣ˵Ҫ˭µ
ֻһոսҲǰţѪ޼
䣡һǿϢǴӽϱġ
Ѫ𾪵ؿ꣺
أЦ
Ѫɫһ
Ȼ𣬵ȴʮսԲΪʵëѷɫ
ڴʱ
䣡
һǿϢëͽ껹Ҫǿеһ˿ɵ
Сӣղ˵Ҫµ
ӲӵضѪޣǿƣͬ캧һ񷡣
Ȼһ
Ѫ޳Ĭˡ
ѪһۣаλһʮսԲޣѾ֮ǰô˵
ò˵ҶǳŶӵһ½࣬ȴ𾪲ѡ
СүˣȥǸϼһë촽ɱӿȡ
϶ˡ


1135 սʮһ
䣡
ԶëѪѾɱ
Ѫ޵ʵȻǿ󣬵ëķӡѾԲ磬ӡѹѪ޸޷֮⡣
ëռϷ硣

һߣҶǳΧסǿ
أһ
СӣС㣬Ȼ𣬵Ͼûдﵽʮһս񾳽磬һҵĶ֡
ɨҶǳһۣȻ
ҪԿ˵ҶǳЦһһʩչռһʩչӡɱ
ߣ۵һֱ̧ѹҶǳǿӿһѹ
ֲϢϴնѹݷˣǿϯ˸е궼ڲ
Сӣһʮһս񼶱ΰɣ
һֱһѹޱɣҶǳĿ֮г˲м֮ɫ

ûгɳֻһߡ
Ľ
ҶǳͺһһӰεĽ˺գɱ
ʲôɫһܵһɾâԼڣԼꡣ
ʲô
ˣûмκηֱӹ˵ꡣ
ִ֮䣬ֻȫֵĽ⵼ѹȥĴټҶǳһ˺ѡ
ûᣡ
ҶǳйâһֻЯſֲӡ
ɱ
Ҳɱ˹ͬʩչӡɱյʱǳãĽеһ̣ΪҶǳ֪ͨġ
н꣬ҲյҶǳĴѾ׼õķӡһɱ
ķӡԲ磬ǿһ֣Ǽֱ춯ء
ԶԶȥ޴ޱȵӡƻ񱮣ģɢҫ۵Ĺâſֲ

ҲܵǿԼɫʱһ䣬ʩչһâɵս״ϸ֣ԽԽ󣬽˶档
Ⲣһŷսǿսֵסʮһս񼶱ǿߵĹ
Ҳʮս񾳽磬Ͳܹҵķ
һЦ
ǲ
Ȼո˵꣬ˡ
޴ӡ޵е
ôܣԲķӡǡɴ۾š
Ŷ󣿾ȻѾѷӡԲ磿
Ҫ֪ʮһսôãҲûаѷӡɾ硣
ΪҲֻǽ֮ɾѡ
ֻЩʮս񣬲ܰѷӡԲ硣
¡¡
֮еʱ嫵ûˣ޴ӡ̫ɽһ㣬ݺݵײϣҵѪɡ
ôܣ
ԶëսѪ޼״ɵĿ֮࣬ɫ
ǿһλʮһս񼶱ǿߣʮһսҲǿߣ򵱳ôܹΪأ
ڣǿȻСѪɣҲ̫ˡ
һս˳ȥ½Ҫڵġ
ˬʮһսҲˣ
Хһеǳʹ죬ǰһһʮһսǿ߰޴½ڴ˵ˣȻѪʵ̫ˬˡ
¸£ԽԽϲŶˡҲ˷ܵЦš
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦԶѪЦôûʧɣ
ԵúܸˣϾǰܹԼʦĳǿߣ½Ҳһ
ܹİҶǳеĳɾ͸п֪ˡ
СӣǳɹŭˣǾͽܵĳͷɡɫˮ޾ɱ˫֮мʵʻɱϯϺ
䣡䣡䣡
Զ죬һ񷡣
ɷ죬ӵ֮߳Ĵħ̧ݻһ޴ḥ̂Ҷǳɱ
ֻӡ
ȵ
ľУӡȻҲˣûķ̫ľȻʵͿ԰ѷӡɾˡ
ֻӡǵĴʼʮǿսʺǵѾս˴ɾ硣
¡¡
޴ḥ̂ͬһ޴̫ͼϢ¶ڴǿĲ˼顣
Сġ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ܵΣյϢ
ĽɱҶǳһʱͷųĽһ׼ֻƺһȴɳҶǳǳеһ㶼ûм
Ҷǳɫ˱䡣
СӣһеȷϧҵľΪѾﵽ˵ΣʩչǧΣȻɵЧС
Ц
еĥ̴ƥҶǳ֣޵еƣƬضս
ϼһүүƴˡһӡ߶˼ޣоΪߣȫ߶֮£ķӡ˴ɫһ貵̫б
бһͬӡ߶˼ޣﵽʮս񾳽磬츳ǿԽսʮһսģֻǶһʮһս
һ𣡡ҶǳҲûкˣһ߼ٿĽ꣬һȴǽʽʩչˡ
мһˣٿĥɱһӾͻн
¡¡
޴ޱȵӡʱĥײһ𣬵ҲֻĥͣƬ̣֮һ𱬷ɳȥ
ۣ
ȿȣ
ͽ궼Ѫɳȥ϶ѷ죬ǵ嶼ˡ
ʽ
ͬʱҶǳķʽҲɱһޱѤã߸̫ںһһĩ
УʱϳˣǱҶǳһдܵġ
ãЦڴ
Զɫˣǰĩޱء
ʽû뵽˵ʽû뵽𾪡
𰡣˵ȥû˸š
֮ǰѪõϢҲֻ֪ҶǳռŹȥãҶǳѾõˡ
Ҷǳռ𣬿ҶǳҪ޵ˡ
ãǲҵõģֻҪʽûԲ޵Уǰ;һҪԾ󻼡
ʱɱ죬ȫ߶ĥɱ
䣡
ĩųѤĹâأޱߵĻƬ綼ջˡ
ĺˮ˲䱻һɡ
һɿֲҶǳûˡ
һƬڣͬ


1136 ȺŹ
ߴһȻҵ𡭡ԶѪ޿Ҷǳߣ𺳡
ǸһĨɬЦݣҶǳļ˵һܹռϷΪ漸ζʧˣǱҶǳ˦ԶԶģܴ
ˣҲĶ֡Ѫ޶ʵţǿǵڵ쵼ߡĴڡ
Сүս㻹ҷģֱëһһǿֲķӡѪҵѪɡ
ۣѪһѪ䶢ëû뵽ķӡҲԲ磬ǿ϶޴½ʲôûϵǣһҪ
ү㣡ëŭʩչŷӡɱѪޡ
Ѫ޲ë߾ȫֻҪϵҶǳˣëͱɡ
ڴʱһ޴ޱȵɫӲԶըϯ˲ܲƬء
գĺȫɫ١
Ѫޡë꣬ȫЩɫٸΧסˡ
ǡѪͫһ
ǿϢָӦһʮһս񼶱ǿϢ
ǴӱըĴġ꿴ԶҶǳսĵط
ëȴ۾һЦǱģǵѡ
ѣ
ͽһ㶣Щţһʮһս񼶱ѣ
ЩɫƹǣǵѪ޸Ƕʱˡ
Ѱ
Сүӣٸ㱾үӿëЦһٿŷӡѪ޺
һΣѪ޷ܣûз˶ëһˡ
٣ôշ٣֪ˣһǵΪշ٣Ȼ󽻸㡣
ŭ
תͷȥҲܵɫٵĹȫ߶ֻӡҲɱɫûˡ
ȻʵʵǿԳģ֮⣬Ҷǳ֡
Ҷǳʱʱ̿Ľһʩչӡ٣ɫġ
꣬ǻʲô㶰Ͻϻ쵰Ҷǳһ߹һߴȵ
Ŷ
ˣ
ͽŷӦɱȥ
Ƿ֣Щɫٶƹǣǡ
ңǹʱЩɫٻǵֵĹ
˵ٵİҶǳǸҪˣֻҪˣΪٻǵй
ȻĹǿ󣬿״ݻɫ٣ٵ̫ˣôݻ٣Χ٣ֱɱꡣ
̫ˣȻǿȴޱȿֲɱ̾
ҶǳΪʲôҪ½ˣһôұҶǳ
ƵʱӶӲϾûǿʵһһסҶǳ׾նɱ
쵰ԭƣװȣߣƳһҶǳûԹˣѾҪҶǳһս½ˡ
ɱɱɱ̫ˬˣҴûɱôˬ˴򲻵ңȴԹˣ̫ˬˣһִ˷ܵĴЦ
ֵǣүˡ֮ëҲɱҶǳһΧ
ҶǳëЦʵɱѪ𣿡
ϻǼһﱾͲǱүĶٰ֣үɱǱүǷˡëƲ
ѪĺܱߣһָͱٸסˣȻë򱬡Ѫٴλָ壬ֱٸסˣȻֱë䱬
գѪ޾ߵˡ
һҵ϶ˣ츳ҲǳֲڴﵽΣôߡҶǳһЦ
ˣҵ϶Ȥë˵գӹһ顣
ʮħ٣
Ҷǳ۾һʮǿս
ǵõȥѩǵʱѪޱǵõʮǿսû뵽һһֱϣڱõˡ
սʺȭǿҲǿ󣬵ʱһ¡
ҶǳЦ˵
ǰ϶ʮħ٣ϾѾӵ˷ӡ̰ವӡ
ڣķӡͳӡѾﵽԲ磬ǾͿԳһʱʮħˡ
ûȤүҪ潣ӡѾˡëҡҡͷ
ҡͷҲû顣׼רһȡսΣٷʮǿսˡ
Ҫǿޱȣʺʮǿս
ҶǳӡһݸȻʮǿսԺٳʱ
Ⱥ쵰Ҫɱǣ
Ҷǳһ߹һ߻ڹϷѪ޵սƷʱûðɡ
ǵȻǿ󣬵һλҲףѪ޻ɹȴɱˣǵʧܴ
ɱ
ƴˣȫֻӡ߶˼ޣΧɫٴݻٵĸɸɾҶǳɱ
ӡ
Ҷǳһ޴ޱȵӡʱЯſֲ
䣡
ĸԲķӡӡһֲ̫ˣҶǳķʽѷɫ
ò׳˳ֱ˻ȥɫٰΧ
ɶ񣡡
ŭû٣аպɱҶǳˡ
ȻУ̫ѲˣҼɱ
ݻô٣Ƕ˵ֻǲ׺һڣֵһᡣ
ݣ
Ľʱɱꡣ
Ȼľﵽ˵ΣǱĽĴˣҲֵסˡ
ãһҵˣ͸޷ˡɫһ䣬ڸܵв
һʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣǱǰ⼸СɱˣǾЦˡ
Сӣǻټģ´αԲŹ㡣һӿȣһӾͳٵİΧ
Ҷǳ۾ЦһȼҪˡ
ʮһս񼶱ǿȼǸסҡҡͷ
ëߵӰɣһʵȥ
Щİǽ׵ʮһս񾳽磬ϻ쵰ˡ겻ĵ˵
ҶǳЦ˵ģҪ˶ãҾаʮһս񾳽硣
ë΢΢һЦȻ֪Ҷǳ˵ҩ԰ｫŶڷɵıء
䣡
ˣȻȼʵǿ֪࣬ٵıɱҶǳģʱϳˣıˣˡ


1137 Ƴ
֮Ҷǳ٣ʱ뺣ϵɫʧˡ
пǿֲʮһս񼶱ľôֲ˵Ǹʮս񼶱жôֲ
ȥ֪ˡëһЦǰĽȥ
ͽ궼ظȥ
ҶǳҲŽȥ
ʵڽѹС˺ܶ࣬һǾ˽ɽ¡
Ҹܵһҵ궼սǿϢ̧ͷŸ߲ʵĽ壬˵
ÿֲϢҿڳ˯ǿ¶޷ӽҲһ
ȻûмǸʮս񼶱ǿϢѾǸеսˡ
߰ɣȥյ㽣Ҷǳȷȥ
ڨڨȷһﲻͻȻ𣿡
ģ˵ֻǼСϣ˵ܹ˯㾪𣿡ëƲ
߰ɣСһŷȥ
ιǵȵҡæȥ
һǾ˽ɽĽܿ񱩣ǶʵǿԻֵܹס
һΣоɶˡҶǳЦ˵
һʱֻǾսڣѾǾսԲ磬ʵ֮ǰǿ࣬Ȼеɺܶࡣ
ȡɣҲæһÿֻܷʮŽֻҪռʮŽ͹ˡë˵
䣡
ëո˵꣬пֲĽâɽϸ£ǹǿ˺գٶȷǳ졣
Ҷǳ۾һæȵȡ
˵ֱ꣬óʮʩչռЩ
ԲۣЩÿһŶʮһս񼶱Ĺˣҿֻһӽסš꾪
ҲˣֻҽסţϾûҶǳôඥ
ëҲסĿţǴҶǳġ
ͽ꿴һĽҶޣƾʲôж
Ҷǳ𽣹֮óʮЦ˵Լѡɣеǡ
óһæѡһս׻ȻѡһѾ޴ޱȵս
ҶǳЦΪǿ󣬲ҪأǼֱ
һ˵ĶˡҲѡһǿޱȣȷҪ˵ĶǿãԺˣȻǴ򲻹ȴǿߣǾͲˡ
ѡ˾׼뿪ˡ
ɽȥ֪һʲôӡ
ʵӦÿǿϵȥҾ֧㡣Ц
ë¸Цȥɣģ죬үǵøֽǮġ
һת뿪
ûȥ
ʮս񼶱ԣǼֻСϡ
ǣϣ㻹޶
Ȼһˡ
ɲȥһʮս񼶱
߰ɣȥһ壡Ҷǳ˵գ뽣磬ǰ·
ٴ쭳ƴٶȣƳǡ
ƹǲ̵Ľùȣƹ̫ǲ̵һλŵӣƳӵпֱͨǵĴ
ʱҶǳϢƳǡ
ĳǳ𣿺÷ȻôˣǺƺֻһʮս񡣡ܣ˵
ë˷ۣ˵ֻͨĳǳأȥ˲ǣͻеԼжôСˡ
Ҳţѵǵʮս񵽴ߣЩţôǿ
ⲻܹǣΪ޴½ǳȻҲᱻԹˡ
ˣпˣҶǳǰ˵
ʱҲӦһɲϢٷ
սʶ𣿡
ǰһӢ꣬Ѿϣͬһߡ
ƹ̫ӣҲҶǳʦܡ
ݼʦ֡ߵҶǳǰæ
Ҷǳ𣬶һݵһǲ̣ҶǳǴʦ֣ĸ̵ĵӼҪ
ңҲʦ֣ݵ𣬶õһĴУ󶼾ޱ𺳡
ϧ֪Ҷǳ޴½ľȻĻҪҶǳĤˡ
ʦܣضҲֻ·Ƴǣ׼Ĵزǡ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ëˣҵѣǶޡ
ë˵ͷû⣬ϾҶǳҪ
ʦ֣ѵһΣƳϢ죬ٻزҲ١Ц
ҶǳڲˣΪƹ̫ӣΪ̵ĵӣҪ£Ҷǳ
ҶǳԺпܻΪ̵ĽϾһԬκɲҶǳĶ֡
š
Ҷǳ룬ҲܲԼʦӣϾԷƹ̫ӣԺͳ˧һȣݲһ㣬Ȼܽ򽻺á
£Ҷǳ˵ͷðɣǾͷʦˡ
˵ʱѣûʲô˵ġ
ͷͷʦܹٺᣬҵҡæǰ·Ҷǳһ˽ƹʹ
ƹʹҶǳܵߵȼĻӭƹӭҶǳһˣǰõķס¡
ʦ֣ϢƬ̣ȥ磬ӷϴ˵
ҶǳЦ˵鷳
鷳鷳ֻǷԸѡҡͷ
ҶǳЦֻͬˣϾ˼Ҷôˡ
ëһЦ֣Ǽޣθڴ׼㶫ֻҪóԵľϡ
û⡣Цŵͷ
СӲˡȵ뿪֮ëЦ˵츳δƹĹܹύһҲ
Ҷǳͷţ
ƹҲֻʮս񡣡һ˵
ҶǳЦΪʮսǴײ洦ɼȻ½޴½ѹˣʮսҲǳ٣ڸɶǴϼǿߣҪôһ
ô˵ʮһսҲˣҾͷĶˡʱ˵
֮ǰųһʮһս񼶱ǿߣʵһΪ½ʮһսǿ߶洦ɼˡ
ʮһսµģǵʵһʮһսǿߣһ԰ܡЦĺ㡣
Ƴһۣߵأ
ëҡͷģһʮһսǲС֮֮ǰǸһһϻ쵰ɲôصģĶ֣Ǹɵ֮ǰڡѪ֡
ԭˣǸҪĥԼţǻɱĥ³ǿšȻǰ޴½Ҳô
סȻҶǳ۾һЦ˵иƳˣţһʮս˼ֿɿˡ


1138 
ʮս񣿡
ëȵСطȻѵһҲҪĴ𣿡
пܣҶǳ˵ͷЦ˵ҪǰݣƳǵĴֱӴ͵ǲǾͷˡһɵ𣬲ôϾǵĴӪѺ˭̤˵ĴӪ
ĳһ𣿡ëʵ̽Ͼһ̽ͻᱻԷ֡
ҶǳͲһˣҶǳĽɣǿ˲֪ٱﵽĲεľΪɲ˵ģеʮһս񶼲ӦҶǳ̽ӡ
ʱҶǳԼסëǣԷ޷ˡ
ֻܸӦһǿĽ⣬ǽǿߡҶǳҡͷ
ǽǿߣëȵҲ̫˰ɣӺͳ϶߽ģѵĳɣܹɣӦò̫үû˵ôǿĽء
ôʲôûϵҶǳ˰֣ո˵꣬ɫȻˡ
ë״ɻô
һﳯŻʹˣ߲ưҶǳ˵
ëʵҪҪȥǵʵƹֿɵס
ţȥҲãҶǳ˵ͷô˵ƹǲ̵ѣǲƹµġ

ƹʹڰ磬һʱɫһ䡣
ʣڵˡæȥƹ
ƹɫ򶨵ʲôʦ־ڵ˻ҷ𣿶ˣйؽڵ飬ʦ𣿡
ҡͷұ׼ٸ˵ģܲܶԷһ鷳˼Ұɡ
ţ˵еڼȻڵˣȥ֪ͨʦְɣȥڵˡƹ˵
˵ͷ漴һȥ֪ͨҶǳǣԼƹ

˫㿴Ҳƹ΢ǿʢһ㣬ֻҪշƹ𣿡
ʹ⣬һλ߱˫˽
ԣһλˣӢˡ
ʹǣͬûκȻѾյƹĴ
ƹѾ֪ˡ
ЦЦ漴˵˵ƹͲѣƹһ̫Ӹǰ˲̣Ϊ̵ŵӣ֪̻᲻շƹ
ߣȻǿ󣬵Զݣѵܸݵ飿˵ˣǽڻô£˷Ầһ̣ҪǽڲȲߵ
˵˵ͷ˵ܲǷֹǽһͳݣڱСݱƫֻһͳܿݡ
Ǻǣǽڵȴô꣬ڵȴһĽڽʮս񾳽硣Ҫ֪ǽڽޱսǿƣǵȻŸոսʮս񣬵ȴѾʮսеǿߣǸ̽˷ǽĴʱһԺ˵
˵˵ͷʦ۲Ŵԣ񣬸ҽʱ򡣡
ʹƹʼɡ˵գ۾ǰȥ
Զƹ˫˫
ǰһһɢǿ⣬ƹɫһ𣬱ȭλԽڰɣ

߱˫֣Ȼص˵ͷ漴ҽܵϷ죬ǽڵһλϣԵλ˫ǽһ𡣡
𣡡
ƹԣǵһ
֪ݵɽںǿ󣬱Ͼ˵ݽǿɣû뵽ɾȻһ˲ð
ǲɵö࿴˫ۣ˽üĿӢˣվͬһѳʵâ죬һ֪ƽ
ԭǽڵĴϺ٣ԣλ룬˵ƹ漴һ
ȻвɽǽڱϾݵĴɣҲܵ
ڵ߲ơ
쵭˵ƹǽӦͷŸˣȴٳûлţǶǰǵһ仰ǲ
⡭
ƹʱɫڵȷˣٹڡ
ôܣ
һ֮ͲҲֻѣǳڲ̡
ͻȻĳһڣ㷢һţҪٹⲻǿЦ
ǰǿڵȷʵǿ󣬸ƹܹ֮ġ
λǷ̫ͱˣƹô꣬δκǲ̣Ҳֻǽ˶ѡǽҪƹֱǳ˵Ρ
˿䵭˵
ҲǱ˲̵Ĵڣϣڵܹɵ
ڵ׼
ԵĽ˫Цɣ̵ŵӣϧֻ޵вΣΪҲ̫ˡƹԸ⳼ǽڣͿ԰ǽڣѧϰݽϽ϶ڸǿ
𼥷ݽĽǿ𣿱ȵǲ̵ķӡ𣿶ңǲ̽ݣǽʮս񼶱ǿ𣿶ңǲλҴʦָǺųǿȵ𣿡
ƹͨѹƽڣԣϾǲ̵ĵӣ˵ԼǿӦõġ
˫΢΢ЦӡǴӵһģǽҲڲǰõˡңǽڻһʮǿսǽǵ걱ݰԴʮǿսǽڴʼݽ񡣡
ھȻӵʮǿսƹɫһ䣬ڿ̺񰡡
ˣһϢǽڵҲڲǰʮս񾳽硣ʱһԵĽڴϽ˵
ƹٶɫһ䣬ھȻһʮսټʮǿսĵ̣ʵѾݵѷɫˡ
˵Ĳλ𣬺ǺǣҲδҵĶ֡
˫Ȼ˵˸ǣ֮ǰѾս̫ڣ壬׻ǶҵĶ֣֮⣬Լһڱչ⣬ѾʮǿһˣҪ˵ںųǿҲδɡ
ǲ̵ܹȵʮǿһҿδذɣνǿ𣬲һȺ߹ϷԶѡ
˫̸һţͬĽâ
ƹɫױˣλڵȻôǿ
ʮǿһǷǳģϾʮǿһеĲһݡ
ޱͱοʮǿޣ˵е
𣬿·½Ҳļ֮һɡ
˫ȻʵǾȺ𺳡


1139 ĸ
ʹǰƹ̫һĬԣǵĿɽǵƣԷʣ޼
ǿƶĽڣǸܵ˾޴ѹ
ƹ̱ϾԶݣƹǽڣݵӦһ¶⡣
¸㣬ǽڵĿΪһͳݣݴһǿʱǽڽԽݵɣΪʥҲûܡ
˻
Žĺ׳ƹ̫һ𺳣ھȻ˴Ұġ
ҪһѪȷˡ
һڵҰô󣬻ưո
֮ǲܺͽˡ
̫ӣѾ׼ˡʱһҴ
üͷһ漴Цƹ̫ˣû뵽綼׼ˣҲգ߳Ա˵Źˡ
˵ţͳǰȥ
һ㶣˭
ƹû˵Ҳ˵ʲôֻÿƹ
ʱƹһ˹ǸҶǳǽӷϴģֲǸǵġ
£ǻô˵ѵֱӴǾ˺ˣ½ڵ˻֡
ǣ¸ס
ƹʹ˸ɫĿĲԶҪȥҶǳǹ
˵ͷ漴˵λȸҸȥɣȥ氲һ¡
˵꣬ˡ
ڵҲû⣬ڻƹһ̫ӵҪ
οѾ̽ӹˣƹûǿߴڡ
ٶȺܿ죬ǷɵҶǳסһ԰أ
ʦ֣
ںû˻Ӧ
ʱԶһЩѲ߹𵱼ʵĹأ
̫ӵ£ȥμˡ
Բۡһ漴æٶȸȥ˸Ϲƹͽڶˡ
ţ
ƹ𼱴Ҵҵظʱüͷһ塣
ʣʦǾ档һЦظƹ
ƹһ㶣Լ֮ǰѾȥ֪ͨҶǳˣֻû뵽ô졣
ҶСӣ˲ܺóԡ
û뵽Ĳôóԣ֪޴½ʱҾӦñסЩࡣ
ȺĻ쵰Ȼôõĳʦˡ

ڴõ
ƹʱЦ
ڶ˵ɫҲˡ
ƹ粻Ǹ׼İɫ˵
˫˫罣ˡ
ƹû˵Ҳû˵ȴëŵĻ
ô˭統ȻǸ׼ģǾȻƤϹֱ֪߳ܡ
˻һͽ˫ɱ죬俴ƹһۣ߽
ƹһۣҲֻýȥˡ
ڣҶǳĸһԣŷʢʳԱ߻Ůź򣬷ǳġ
ҶǳƹɵЦʦܣôǵڲǲ˼һﶼޣ̲סȳˡ
ƹԼѾͽ˺ˣҲͲˣæЦûϵⱾΪ׼ġ
ʦ֣һ£λԽڡû˵꣬ͱëˡ
ֲýˣڴĻˡëһмؿ˫ЦСӣųǿ𣿻Բѵ˵Լʮǿһ𣿡
˫˵һޣ
ҶǳǣǶ̽鲻ëǵ
үԲһ壡
ëЦҸոմڳǲһλ𣬲֪˭
˫ߵǲһ̫ӱչˣûнҵսһλˡǲһһֱ壬ҼȻڣôǲһҲͲֵһˡ

ëмʲôʲôʸʮǿһ壿ֻǴܼèѣҺųǿ𣬼ֱЦ
ڵһҰè⻹ǡţ
춢ëɫ
˫˵ãȻɣҾƳǵţ֪ͨǲһλʱ򡣡
ˣ
ëеļȣԱߵĨϲ˲ͣŶȣӣһмŽ˫ߵĸˣѡһӮˣʸųǿ𡣴ӮҹԶ㣬ƹвţǲһţĸèġ
⻰˵ģǽ
ƹһˬı飬ëĿ⣬Լһ
ҶǳԱ΢΢һЦëǲһҲʸ˵
Ȼëô˵ˣôƹͲ˾ˣʹ鴫˲һ壬Ҳû˻ᷴ
СӣѡҰɣһֻ򡣡꿿ϣһ߿㣬һ߼Ц
ԱߵƳ˽˫һۣм̫ˣ᲻һ˿ȤԵϼһࡣ˳һ£˵ڣҴĶӡ
˵ϴ޴½ڡѪնأĶӣʵ
ԽԽװˡëЦ
޳ɣͷ
Ҷǳһ΢Цؿ˫˵Ȱ㲻Ҫѡң
һװȡʱָҶǳе漴˫˵Ȼñѡĺѿ
ĸԲѡ˿Ǹˡ
ƹһ㶣Ҷǳ˵Ͼ֪ҶǳݣȻ֪Ҷǳ
ʲôȻҲҽһҲ̫˰ɡ
ڵԽԽſˡ
ˮһƬĿɨҶǳһۣҽ꣬ʲôħֶˣɽϻӳƴ
ϼһҪ𣿡ëһѷضŽ죬гɱ
ͽҲ˹Ǹûѽֻһʮսѣһ˶ܶԸ
ĸСǵĳɣϷ򻹲мǼƽϡ찺ͷȻ˵
Ҷǳǣ˵Ϊֳս񾳽磬ԽûаǷ
ԴϵݣȻмǼƽϡ
˫ؿëˣĸһɣֻҪĸܹһֻ֣ҽͷŹǡ
˵꣬Թ˵سŴȥ
ƹ۾ʱһǾкϷˣ˵ëˣ͵Ҷǳһܽ̽˫ôˡ
ˣԭһװȵġŽ˫ıӰһ
ëЦ˼ͬʱսĸˣ̫˼ˣǳ㣬һȤûˡ
ļһЩͬؿһ۽˫ıӰ


1140 
ʹ⣬˫Ѿ̤߿գƳʮ׸ߵϿա
Ͼ̶ֳȣƳڽ֣ƳǶݻˡ
Ҫ֪Ƴǵػ󷨺ܹסʮսУٸߵĻͳŲסˡ
һȷװë˳̧ͷһʱƲƲ졣
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥֻ߿еĽ˫˫֣һѩ罣񷣬
쿴н档
˧
Ǽһ˭

ƳڣҲ˫ˡ
Ϊ˿̽˫Ѿ޼ɵͷųԼǿĽ⣬ֲֿĽ⣬Ƴе߶ܵ˾޴ѹ
·һ
һ̫װȣֱװװˡ꾴
ëƲ˭ȥ
˵Ҫĸһ𣿡Ц
ҶǳЦ滵
ˣҶǳǵſնϣëһЦҲȥˣͽȻ·硣
ĸͬһ⣬˲߿У˫Χˡ
ʱƹ𡢽Ҳ߳Ÿ߿еˡ
ƹû㣬Ͻ֪ͨ⼸һĳˣ˳˵ҩ˵оȡһȻ˵
˷ۣĵ׼˵ҩɡ
һ㶼Ҷǳ
ԱߵƹЦİɣѾ֪ͨǵĳˡ
ʵû֪ͨ
һеļˣҶǳѾˡ
ŶˣǸһСӿһϾһǿޱȣòҪ
ңһҲݵǿǽҪһͳݣȻⲻ˺Ͳһ򽻵ܹõһϿ֧֡
˫ֻ顣쵱Ը߿еĽ˫
߿У˫ëһۣ⼸˵УıëȻԸˣҲܷ
һɣһն˫ᡣ˫䶢ë
ëܵ˫֮еĺ⣬ݺݵ˽˫һۣСӣɣүһֻ֡
˫ûжŭɨëһۣ˵һϰɡ
Ϊ߸ϣȳֶԸһͨˡ
С̫װˣʵ̲סˡһ˶һǿϢһ磬ᴩ񷣬˲͵ִ｣˫ǰ
䣡
շ·ըˡ
ӽϱϢֲ̫ˣһǳըһ
µ籩ƳǵĻ󷨶Զˡ
ʮսԲôܣ
ʹУɴ۾š
ԱߵƹҲһ𾪣˾ȻӵʮսԲΪֲ̫ˡ
ʲôʮսԲҲˡ
Ҷǳĸ˵Уëǲһģ࿴ۣˣǸûⰡ
ǣӵˣȻһλʮսԲǿߣʶ
Сӣɣ
˫ǰϱԳ壬ӴĽյƣ硣
ৣ
˫չͬɫ񵶣Ž˫նɱ
Ǿս۷徳磬ڶˣԽ겻˿Сһֱȫ

˫һѾˣ治ɫֻԭĵѾˣ˲һ񽣣Ž˫ӭȥ
ϡ
䣬
طױըˡ
һ֮󣬽չ裬ݶˡ
۽˫ҲǺȻǲִӭУֻǺʮ治ɫֻǿࡣ
ʮսԲĽȷʸһս˫ɫʱˡ
Ȼֻǰ벽𣬵ΪﵽʮսԲ磬ͲСˡ
û뵽½ôĽ·
ƹҲпǰҲû뵽
ô񰡣
׳գǽ
˵ǽʮǿ޵ǿޣųٶȵһ

ƳڣѾһƬ
ڸ߿Уսٴδ򿪡
˺֮ëѾȲسȥҲչֳԼ˵ı壬ǿֲĻ棬ʱպ񷡣
ǰľ˫ʱҴ⣬Դе񽣸߸߾𣬺Լ˽һ
СӣүҲ߽ģҲүĽ
ë˫չһ񽣣˺գ貵Ľ⣬緢ҵĽâ
ɱ
˫״͵ػӽ£ǰգʱһ޴Ľۣռ䶼˺ˡ
¡¡
طһƬ񱩡
ë˻˫ͣԭء
ԭǲһ嵮ĵڶ𣬲ӦǸոսõһһЩࡣ˫ë˵
Ľ죬ٶɫһ䣬СӾȻǲһ
о˹ôˣôѵʣµˣҲô
첻ɵŸ߿еҶǳ
ʱЦ˳˫ЦСӣñˣʮսҲ۸㣬ֻҪסһȭˡ
ˣȻʮս񣬵㾡ȫְɡ˫˵
ЦԼ
ǳʵ˫Ļȫ¶ˣֱӱʮսսֲҲ޴ޱȵѹա

˫סˡ
Ȼ룬ʮǿе룬һһҪǣѾﵽʮս񾳽硣
˫Сġ棬ɫ䣬ɵúȵ
Ҳ˹ʲôʱôֵǮˣ㶼
ʮħ٣
ԴҶǳõսһֱʵǿƳǵ·ϣѾʮǿսСɾ磬ǿʵ˿̱սǳֲ
ǽ
˫ƴˣҲʩչʮǿսһǿһӭȥ
һʮս񼶱ʮǿһ룬˿Ĵ⡣
䣡
һ֮б貵Ĺâ·۾
ۣ
Ƭ̺󣬽˫Ѫ˵ɳȥ
۶Ѿ˫ۣصԭء
ﵽʮս񾳽磬δҵĶ֡˫ǵѪҺЩʵ
ëЦ˻װȣ˵Ҫսĸ𣿡
˫Ҫ˭֪ĸôôҲ벻ԼĸˣȻʮǿ𣬻һʮսԲĽ
ң⼸˻ΪǱˡ
ҶСӣˣ˵Ϊǿ˲˰ɡëתͷҶǳ˵
˫ʱҶǳȥѵҲ
ҶǳŽ˫˵ʶһ£ҾǲֵһǿҽҶǳһμ棬ǱԽѰɡ
˵꣬Ҷǳһһڰɫˮīϯȥ˫˽ȥ


1141 
Ҷǳ
˫ɫıˡ
˵ӰҶǳȻųǿȻ˵ġ
ң˵ҶǳʵǿڻҪǿ
Ȼ߰䲻ˣϾȻм˵ٻҶǳǿ
˫֮ǰȻڿ˵ҶǳмһˣʵѾҶǳԼĶ֡
ãҾһĽǿĽǿǡ
˫û˵꣬ͱԶëˡ
Сӣ˵ǿȴ˵ëе
˫ɫһڣȴʲôҲ˵ֱɱҶǳ
ڰɫˮīУ˫һбǽɱ˳Ҷǳֳ־ӭȥڸ߿м
ǴĽԾҶǳռԾ˫ǽ˶ûʹʮǿսֱӱƴԼĽ
ҶǳҲû۸˫ΪԼһΣԼΪѹھս۷徳磬ͽ˫ͬһΡ
ǽ
˫һҲҶǳҪԼƴΪһԴ֮Ͼĵδ
ǽںֽӦǣǳĿֲ꣬ƾǽɨݣĴʼѹˡ
󣬱жôǿ󣬱Ͼܹʮǿսǿ
ҲŵȵģܹʮǿսĵǷǳǿġЩܴʮǿսĵ̵Ĵʼ߲㲻ܴʮǿսԱȲϵı
˫Դǽ֮ڽĶԾϣûκˣڵ˵ˣ۽δ˫ᳬԽ
߽һٵأ
˫г߰񽣣߰񽣶һּΪǿĽȻձǵķλУΪһ塣
ݣ
˫һںǽһǰδеľâ˺ѵأնҶǳ
ԶɵõͷһĽȷǿͬһ磬ʵҲ¡
ҿǿŶԡëش
ٺһЦҲûзҲϿ˽˫ǿ
Ҷǳ﷭ɣһȻΪѹںͬһ磬ҲʹĽӡ굣ĵ
ͷҶǳǿĽС
ߣǾ͵ſĽɣСӵĽµģֻĿǰûдɶѡëƲ
Ƚ˭ȵռ
ǽֻںֽռȴںǽռ
ռ
ԶҶǳܵ˫ǽǿ󣬵߶Լռ
Ľֻһȴǧ綼Уÿһ綼̺ǧֽôĽһ¯֮һ񽣡
ɱ
Ҷǳ˫ĿޱƽеĽһﵽˮľ磬ںΪһ塣
ʲô
˫ͫǽҶǳռײ֮󣬾Ȼȫ˶Էռ
漴ռøǿ󣬽˫һûˡ
ۣ
˫ѪɳȥŵصҶǳʲô
ռҶǳ΢΢һЦ
˫ǽ𣬶ڽȻǳ˽⣬˲ռĺ壬𾪵ռһн㾹··߲ͨôĽôȫںϣԶҲԲġ
ǺǣֻҪ޵Уһ죬ҵĽҲԲҶǳһš
˫һ˵ˣڽϣˡαȵս
˵꣬ٶʩչǽֻ߶ʮǿսǽ
ǽǱ˺ͱһǽʩչսô͸ӿֲˡ
ӡ
Ҷǳ״ҲʩչʮǿսӡﵽԲķӡſֲѹ񷡣
¡¡
һƬڡ
˫е񽣶ˣٶȵɳȥҶǳ
Բķӡ˫гš
ĽҲޱȣԲķӡôܰѷӡ־磬̣ǲ̽⣬ûһܹѷӡ־硣
ʦҶǳжųˡ
ǰҶǳųǿ𣬴˻ɣ񣬿û˸ˡ
˫ܹ塢塢׻ʮǿһʵ϶ͬСɡ
ڣҶǳȴ׵ػ˽˫ɼҶǳʵ֮ϡ
ҶӹȻǿҿʥĴˣѾûĸҶӵĶˡ
ƹЦĺܿġ
ԱߵĽɫˮû뵽˫սܣҶǳһĸˣȻһʮսԲޣʲôʱôֵǮˣ
ѵǽô꣬Ѿ
Сӣ㻹Ҫսĸ𣿡߿УëһϷŰؿŽ˫
ӶһȭͷղûдˬҪ
֮˫նգƳ졣
Ҷǳû˵ֻһ΢ЦؿŽ˫

˫л˹ʱˣһûаմӮοĸһǾǽڵĴϽ춼С
Ⱥϻļһ
˫а
˫ߣ쿴˫²̨ɵúȵ
Ҷǳһսġ˫Ҷǳһۣת뿪
ëɵóЦСӣסˣ´αʲôǿ𣬲ʲôèһǿġ
˫һ𣬵ûлͷҲû˵ֻǼӿٶˡ
ߣûʲô˵ġ
ǰƹһۣ˵ƹȻв̺ͲһܣǽڻҪһͳݵģǽڴˡ
ƹɫޱȡ
Ҳһѿ
Ҷǳ˵ģʱǲ̵ĴҲǽǲ̸ǿ
ãҧ˵תȥ
һԵƹҶǳô˵ʱͷˡ
ΪҶǳԴ˵Ȼô˵ˣô̿϶ƹġ
Ҷǳ漴ƹЦ˵лλдˣҲҪϻزˣڵһ֪Ǿܷġ
Ҷߣƹæ˵
Ҷǳǰ㳡ĿҶǳһʧڴ̨ϣɵø̾ʦЩ飬һȥˣ»½𺳡
һʮսԲǿߣֶ飬ܿʮһս񣬳ưһˡ
Ҷǳһת۾Ѿôǿˣ𶼾δĲ̽϶Ҷǳ


1142 Ա
ǣҶǳһ˴Ӵ̨ʱһֲһɨ
˲䣬ͽŵûڵϡ
áǿ꾪
ֲ̫ˣʮǣǸһȣֱϡҲ˵
ëһԳЦ֪˰ɣǲ̵Ľʹﵽʮս񾳽磬˵Ѿڳ·ϣ˵Ѿ̤һֻš
Ǿǰ벽ˣ굹һǿǿߣֲεĴڡ
ֲ̫ˡҲͷ
ҶǳЦ˵߰ɣģǽֻΪȷǵİȫԶ߲鿴һǡ
ôһ˵ͽʱԾͺãִڸϣ˯˯ȡ
½ĳǳǿߺöడҶǳ߳㳡֮ɫ
ΪܵǿϢдﵽʮս񼶱Ķ࣬вʮһս񼶱Ĵڣʵֲ̫ˡ
ôǿߣѹͳ½ʮǿ޶Ҫվп
ëһЦ˵еĳɣȻǿǲ̵ܲǿ߲ŶࡣȷǿʥأȲ̻Ҫǿĵ
˻ͽһ𺳡
ʦ֣
ʦ֣

뿪Ǵ㳡һ·Ĳ̵ӣҶǳ׷׸
ܿ죬ҶǳعϢ㴫ǡ
кܹܶΧۣһݵؿҶǳ
ëĽСڲ̵߰
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
пջҶǳëǰԽ벹̵ĵˡ
ȻˣΪ̵ȻҪݼһ½
ҶǳѾʸֱȥǰˣΪĵλЩϵͬ߳һ֡
ڣʵѾЩϣӽЩˡ

ĳҶǳվŵĲֻ̽ǽĻϾ
΢΢һ
ض񣡡
̽һ͵ؿҶǳ˵ԬκģôҶǳǲ̵⾪ϲˡ
ңʱţҶǳıԽԽеϲ
ﵽսԲ𣿡Բ̽ʵȻһ۾ͿҶǳΪҶǳڸǶùֲ̽εĸ֡
ȥһ壬ڵȥһ޴½ЩҶǳЦ
̽˵ͷ˵֪޴½Щʮǿ޾Ǵ޴½ģʮǿһÿһʱڶӵܹȥҲԮû뵽õε
һ½ҵĺֵܡҶǳ͵
̽ЦǵֻС˰ɣţûмǴĻͬһС磬ǲ̵ģ֪ǱǲһģҲˡ
Щˡ
һ𰡣ǲδ֧ˡ
Ҷǳڡ
Ȼ̽ҲֻǸ̾һ漴ʵͷҲɣֻʵҲ½û˵Ⱥѵ޴½ģ
̽ͻȻ۾˵ˣҲС޽϶ǳǿ
ţ¶ˣǵȷǵӴ޴½ġҶǳ˵ͷ
̽ʱ¶Цݣһһ𣬺һǿޣ̵ĵǿࡣ
οͨëҲͺͲ˹ϵ˲٣δһǿѡ
̽ҶǳĿԽˣ漴̾ϧڵΪѾûˣȻҾͰʮս񾳽ˡ
λ˵Ϯңǵһλ𣬲λɱˣҴõһʮǿս
Ҷǳ漴˵ҽʮħٵĸƱ̽
ʮħ٣
̽ɫһ漴ͷϹħ񴴳ʮǿսû뵽ôãֵõһʮǿսֻΪټϵһĵ̣Ҷ֪ʹʲôˡ
̽һЦ
ҶǳβһλһλǿޣһʮǿսǶô޴Ĺͣ
֪ôʹͣʹĻһеǣԺ󻹻е
Ļһǲ̸࣬οҶǳݣȫ̵κι
ĵرĻҶǳΣǼϡٵĵرûʲôô
ˣǲ̵ˣҪʲôʹ͡Ҷǳҡͷ
̽ӡ󻹲ͷϴΰԽҪһı̽ҶǳûжģһλӢĽѹֿԴ첹ǿʢ
йͣʹǱģ磬˵˵Ҫʲô̽ʵ
Ƥ߸Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ룬òò̽²̨˵ҪʮǵĵԪһġ
̽Ƥһ飬֪ҶǳҪʮս񾳽磬ǣʮǵĵжô󣿶һдԪһģ͸ˡ
һɣǲʮǵĵùˡ̽̾һ죬оЩ
ҶǳҲû⣬漴˵Ҫ𣬽֪еĻҡ
ȿȣ̽ˣʼЩڰƤ߸Ҷǳˡ
ʲôǶʱƣҪмؼѻõıô֪С
ǻ˵һ˵ʮǵɣҵºƤȥҼʿûУҲ̫ϣ̽һЦ
ţлҶǳ˵ͷͼƻҩ԰ʵԲ̽ܲŪʮǵҲûжˡ
ԷܹŪһʮǵòˡ
գҶǳóһʮǵݸ̽˵һʮս񼶱ĵҪģȥѽ
̽ĿͣƤֱ顣
һ̵ĽԽʮս񼶱½ͷûʮս񼶱ĵǰӣȻ־óһʮս񼶱ĵԿ
Ҷǳǲ̵𣬹һĹȥˡ
ȥɣ
Σ̽ӹ˵
ѾٸҶǳ˵ˣʵ̫ܴˣоԼĵĶЩᶨˡ
Ҷǳûô࣬߸˵뿪ˣýʶѿ϶ǿ˵ܹԪһʮս񼶱ĵ
䣡
Ҷǳո뿪һֻ޴ƣӲϿ˺գźޱߵǿ½ĳȥ
һ̣߶ˣһ϶ǿĴڱˣ׷̧ͷ񷡣
Ǿ޴ƣ֣֮Ƶ֣貶ֲֿ
ǲ̽Ϣ
Ȼˡ
˭

һǿɨȥ֪˭˲̵Ľ


1143 ۷Ծ
̽ͻȻ֣½Ǳ޵ĸ֣һϲǻʯӳ˯ѣ̽עֻ޴ƵĿĵء
ȻҲкͲ̵ˣһ衣
ĳ̣Ƭص棬ȴһһ
ǵĳݵ㡣
죬Ϣܲ˵ҶǳѾصˡ
ոյϢҶǳƳǻܽ˫Ҷǳ߸ǿߡ
˵ˣҪصעҶǳ٣һ䵥з

æµţľݵ㣬ҲǺܶ࣬Ͼһݵ㣬רŸݵϢ
һʵû֪ǳǿǵľݵ㣬鲼½
ҲǸɺԵɵԭΪ㲻֪ʲôʱߵˣпԵ
ãǣ
ͻȻݵһ͵վ˫貣䴩գ˸߿ľ޴ơ
⡭⡭
ܵޱߵѹ٣˲Ϯ
ֻ޴ϣܵ޿ƥеǿǳԽʮǵǿ
ʮһսֻ
ǲ̽ϢȻԳˡҲǵһλ˿һ
ӣӲˡ
̽Գ֣ôӵˣ
ˣǶˡЩæµĵԱһ֮ɫЩ˻֪Ѿˡ
񡭡
óռ䷨ּϢ˵졪
󣬾޴ƴнƬضˡ
ݵ㣬еˣλʮһս񼶱ȫ˲ɱˣһʣ
¡¡
޴Ķ½ǿ߹ע
һ̽Ӷеķ֮Уҵ˵һЩϢ
ǵһݵ㡣
Ӧǵһݵ㡣
ǵ˵˲̽

һǿ̸š
һЩ벹Ϊеˣݺݵ˿òǵ˲̽
䣡
ͻȻһŭĴ𣬴ݡ
ѿһڵӰڲϿգɢһǿƣǵء
ǵ񣡡
ǿһҪ̤벽ˡ
ٺ٣кϷˡ

һЩǿŲ̽ȥ
Ͽգ̽Ӱ۳Ŷ
䣬Ϊλҵݵ㣿ȵ
ݵߣһ֪˲̽֡䡣
ʱ
Ҷǳո뿪磬еһĻɵһȻ
漴ˣԭǽԼˣֱӾʹݻ˵һݵ㣬ֶǰԵ
Ҷǳеܸˣܻ̰ĽǺá
ǵԴС͵ϮµӣǸǵһѵ´ҳֵĶֱǵܲ
̽˵
䣬ʲô֤ݣͫһ漴ߵ
͵ϮҶǳŵģû뵽̽ô̡
οǵ͵Ϯ˴һλ˵й¶һʮǿսֱ͵ʴף˷۱
˵棬ǾԲϵģ½ǵ
ҲҪ֤ݣǸҶ֣Ҿ͸Ҷ֣Ҫô͸ҹԹԵعأҪô͹شһǲ̷㵽ס̽ǳǿӲ˵
⻰ǳԵ
һڲ̵ӣȴѪڣǵĽȻ
ˡ
ҧгݵ㵱ΪҲң
˵꣬һɫЯ貵ƣѤĵ̹ſٵأŶĲ̽նȥ
ǵ
һ

йսĹϴھ
ڣҶǳ۾һǵȻǿ󣬼Ųǵǿ󷨣һϢĸо
СӣʲôˣëԱ߻ꡣ
һ̧ͷ죺û뵽һͿôʵĶԾʮǲεս
ǸɫӰ˭ȻԿǽҲһ𺳡
޴½ǿߣǰʮһսûмοǲ̽εĶԾ
ҶǳЦ˵ϴεǣǽղŸǱˣٵ˵һݵ㡣
ǽǻ̰һΣԺͲõЩϼһǸǵ鷳ˡëЦ
ЦԸϲǲ̻Ҳ룡
ҡҲЦ˵
û⣡ʱеĲ̽濴һۣ
ȻǾͿ̧̽ƣһ޴ӡŶӭȥ
䣡
޴ıըڲϿϯ
̽ȻӲʵ춯أ˹սˡ
Բۣղ˵Ҳˣ𾪵û뵽̽ս֮УȻעǡ
ҲǱһ
ҶǳЦ˵ӦˣȻû⣬ǲǿЦɣҪǲ̣
ǹ¼ҹһ벹̣иɽǰ׳հߵ
ǺãȹսҾʹȥǼǰҶǳЦ˵
ͽܹ벹ٺòˡ
˵ͽͬˡ
䣡
ٴδֲıը
̧ͷս
ֻ̽ʩչӡӲȻѹƵ񲽲ˡ
ǿֲѹˣǽķӡҲѾԲ硣ë̾
Ҷǳʷһμʶ֣̽ǿֲ
ǵĴﵽ˰벽Σ˵ǿһЩҶǳ˵
Ҫ֪Ҳʮս񣬻һս֪
̽㽫ӡԲ磬û㹻սҲӲһ
䣬ȻʵҲµˣ϶Ѿ̤һˡ
ȻһЦؿŲ̽粻ô̤ģЩǲģҵ֮ʣ㲹̡
˵꣬һ˺գתȥ
̽ʲôҲû˵ֱʧˡ
еĺҲ֮ʧָƽ
Ҷǳɻʲô˼ѵǽΣգ
Ҳɣ˵ȷΣգҪΪģʥĵǲеë
ҶǳɫʱʥػǰԵѹǸ˵ѹǵҪ½
˭˼ʵǿأʵʮǿһ峤ô£ѾԽΪʥĵ͵ϮһֱѹΪûҽë˵
ҶǳߵޣԿѹΪ಻һΪһľԪġ
ⲻǿ̸۵ģǽд㣬Ǵﵽʮս񾳽ʱٿЩɡëҡͷ


1144 𾪵С
߰ɣȥһ塣
ͽǼϢ벹֮Ҷǳʹͨǰһˡ
ңֱͨһɽ¡
ǲ̾Ȼｨ˴صһͷˡëӴڳǰΡĵһ壬ɵø̾
ҶǳЦһҲǲ̵ģбҪһֱͨĴ󡣡
øߵɽ壬ѹֽеһ塣ֱͨĵһ˵
ܵ˵һ󷨵ǿ󣺡󷨹ƶֱӺɱʮһǵսˡ
ϻһϹʱڿʥأڵʥһֻû˶ѡ֮ǿʮսҲԹƣǵԲ÷󡣡ëЦ
ʱһ󷨹Ļ¶һϤӰϡ
ˣӭع飡ϿҶǳʱһЦݡ
ܿЦݾˣһϲ㾹ȻѾﵽ˾սԲ磡
ǳ𾪣Ҷǳ뿪ʱžսڣڲŹȥһٶ꣬ȻѾﵽ˾սԲٶȣĵһ崫˿ˡ
Щˣ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ëǽһ塣
ŰĿͶëˣ漴ٶһ֮ɫ𣬲ˣ룡
ϱҶǳĻ龪ˡ
˲ʵĻ鶼ôˡ
˷ܣƺѾδĵһжôʢˡ
ļˣôˣҶǳһ߷ɽһʵ
æǵ츳񶼴ﵽսԲˡ
ǻҶǳ֪ԽΪԽѡ
һٶʱ䣬սڽսԲ磬Ҳǿ˰ϵָ㣬͵һ޵Դ
޴½Ϊˡ
ѩãһʮս񼶱ĵʮһս񼶱ĵʺ
ټһЩʮս񡢾ս񼶱ĵӦѩΪٽս񾳽ûκ⡣
Ҷ磡ѩ
Ҷ
ףëҲˣëʱһȡ
ƭӣ˵һ䣿үڽз˧磡ëҧгݡ
ͽһԹЦڿëԱˡ
ҶǳҲڣҾѾﵽ˰ս񾳽磬Ǽ˵Ϊߵġ
⣬СΪҲﵽ˰ս񾳽磬츳һ㲻ȾӲǿһЩӵгΪǱ
ߣȥġҶǳ漴Ц
һɽֱΧһڵϡ
Ʋ쿴ëʵһڵ״ﵽʲô磿ΪʲôҶ͸㣿
ү̫ˣҲֻǴﵽսԲ硣츳ǰΣҶСӻǲ̫Զˡë̾˵
һԵͽԣһ֮ɫװȾͷ˭Ϊ壿һȫ
ɴ۾ֱסëĲӣŭװԿ
ˣˣҶǳȣѩ˵ǽһ£λһһλʮսڡλǽ꣬ǽһģ벽ʮսԲ硣
˻
ԣǵһ
֪ҶǳȻһ壬˵˸Ҷǳϵֻû뵽ô
һЦһѾŬˣվôɽ󡣡
һԵѩҧź촽˵ˣԼôŬȴҶǳߵһѶԶԶȲϣοǺҶǳˡ
Ҳһ̾Ϣս½ܹҶǳҶǳһǰŲˡ
ԭǸҽٷʶһ¡
죬һߺкһߺͽкֵܣ˵ǽһٶȵһлҼʶһ¡
û⡣֪ЩȻΪ£ȴҶǳĺѣԲûпǡ
Щ°Ŀ֣ߵʲôˡ
ţ˵ͷҧгݣʱһëһ쵰ѹһһ
ëЦ˵ģҶСΪǴ㹻ǵΪһˡ
ģʱһϲؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴˻֣ս񼶱ϵĵȫ˳ǰһСɽ¡
⡭뾪ˡ
ͫһ
С֮ɫ
ѩС죬𺳡
HUƟ𾪵ĴС
һԵİϣǵֱ۾룺Ǵôô
ǾӣϽɣֻҪʺԼĶߣЩǶòˡëܸ˿˾ӡ
ҾͲˣعֱ˽ȥѰʺԼĵ
һѵˡ
ѩҵģҶǳֱһ֣ʺѩĵȫѩ
ʮһս񼶱ĵʮս񼶱ĵѩôôãҶǲǹģɫѵļһѩǰĵʱĽʺޡ
Ҷǳһۣѩöѣֻа
ѩĻȴһ죬漴ҸǰЩ
Щҵģҵġ˽˵֮УԼװ
ëһЦƭӣǼʮһս񼶱ĵʺϣ㻹ߣ
ңǲҪȥ˽аʱøԪϰȥ˻ߺߵ
ҶǳЦ˵Щʮһս񼶱ĵǶ˰ɣʱȥøʦ˽Ҳһð취
ë̾ʮһս񼶱ĵﻹýϧʮս񼶱ĵԷδػύˣּĵϡ٣ҵĶ󡣡
ҶǳŻʣµʮս񼶱ĵ˵ͷźֻˣԺ˵
˵꣬ʮս񼶱ĵ
Ҷȥ̵ĵչأҪЩܱ˦̫Զˡҧгݵ˵ëΪװˡ
Ҳȥ磡
롢ѩСҲ˵
ҶǳΪҲҪΪ׷Ҷǳëǣٲ̫ܲ
ãھͻز̡Ҷǳ˵ͷҲܵЩĶ

뿪֮ǰҶǳȥһ˵һĴ˿ӡĵ
ϣֻҪܹǵķӡӵǣҶǳѯԱߵİϡ
ΪʵԿһɹˣܵõսԸʮһս񶼿ˡ
ǿԵģӵʮһս񼶱սУһһʮһս񼶱𣬿ٵʦΪǸΡ˵
Ҷǳʱһ


1145 ʥش˳
ΪʵǷǳǿģʮһս֮ҲǶġ
ҶǳʣԼﵽʮս񾳽磬ҲΪ
ˣ㻹𣿡Цʵ
ҶǳҧȻҪԿ
˵꣬ʩչʽһӡĵȥ
䣡
޴˴
ëˣҲĿɿڴŴ
һڸʲôһɻ
ëдڴ֮ɫЦڳȡһɹˣٺ٣Ǿˡ
˻ʱˡ
ͽҲڴ
ܿ죬ǾͿҶǳһʧطɳ˴
ڴĿ⣬ҶǳһЦҡҡͷУһԶ
ëЦԺ˵ɣڵһ壬Ҳܲ
ҶǳҲǣ㲻ʧˣ뿪һ壬ص˲ǡ
ѩȥչˣȻʸȥ磬ҶǳڣȻû˸
Ҷǳ
ҶǳĿѩǱչ֮һϤԺС
Ҷǳһʱǰĳ
̽һЦݵؿҶǳȻӳһЦ˵Ǽպʺһλѵ״ӣȻҲҽġ
Ҷǳеĵʱϲһʮս񼶱ĵҪ̺ԼҪĴԪ֮
ˣҿԽʮս񾳽ˡ
Ҷǳмˡ
Ȼҩ԰ƣܹǰ̤뵽ʮս񾳽磬Ȼõġ
Ͼҩ԰һǿ߶ۣϱǿǶʵҲѵõ
ΪˣҶǳһֱûдҩ԰ҪȵԼʵ㹻ǿУȻֻΪ¡
ȥúɣյϢʥĴѾˣ㾡ڴ֮ǰ̤ʮս񾳽磬һս̽ͻȻ
Ҷǳɫһ
ʥĴ˳
һϢ½Ҫˡ
Ϊÿһʥ˳Ĵˣھͬ
ֻʣ˺ʥ۷Ծ˶ΪǽµĿݹǺԹߡ
֪ˣһܵġ
Ҷǳɫƽʢᶨޱȡ
ӵһ֪Ͷٸˣʥ٣϶¡
٣Ľ֣һ塣
ʥĴҲǿ󣬵ɲ壬ǰ¶ʽڴѳɣҲ˻Ὣɱҡˡ
ˣȥƴҲδĲ̣Ҫ֧̽ҶǳȥıӰ˵
ѾӦһɽ¥Ϣ
µʱˡ
һƽʢˡ
ʥɳư£µľ콾ƶ

磬Ҷǳׯ԰
ҶǳëЦʵôʮս񼶱ĵ𣿡
ҶǳЦŵͷˡ
ˬҪͻƵʮս񾳽ˡëʱһĽ
ҶǳˣһϢʥĴѾˡ
ɽ𣿺ߺߣôˣѵëʱɫɫߵ
һԵһֱˣǺǿ𣿡
Ȼǿ󣡡ëȻȡЦʥĴˣǶǵǿ󲢲ϣ˵ôʥÿһˣھ½ÿһԾǵ̨Ҫô£ҪôΪ˿ͣˡ
ôţȰ𾪲ѡ
Ҳɫ
Ѿʶ½ڡѪǸȥն磬˫ȵȣЩΪһҲδǶ֡
ʥĴˣÿһܺɨ£ʵ֪
ҶŬɣҲҪչʮս񾳽硣ҶǳЦ˵ģҲ޾塣οǼһ˭ҲǶ֡
˵öԣȺŹǡëЦ
˵Ҫչʮħ٣
Ҳչأܲܽʮһս񾳽硣Ҳ˵
Ƕܵ˾޴ѹҪչͻһ¡
գëչˡ

ݳǣΪΪ˳ݵģҲݵĵһǳء
ںܾúܾǰ½ʱ򣬱ǽ˵һǳءݳǣȻԴ˳ǳΧ䣬ķܣķ塣
ݳǲκһɵĳǳأκ˶Ϊ˼쵱ͣݳڣǲκģĵˡ
һ¥ݳߵĽҲһ¥ʷϣش
ʱӰվڵһ¥ϣԶ
棬һĴˣ˵ӵлƽʥ壬ۡһ˵˵
һ˵壬ӵ˻壬̫˻ԯĺû뵽ôʱ䣬˻ӵܳ
ǵ̸һǳ𾪣Ϊ˾ʥһĴˡ
ʲô˻ʴˣʱȥô꣬ڵ壬м֪˻ʣԹ˻ЩԳ˵
ЦʱܹĨɱһУܹǿʱ޷Ĩɱ
޷ʱʴҪԽ𣿡һȻؿ˵
貣ļ֮Уһ·ͨһ½ĵط˵սֻ㣬ؿɼиߵΰڡ
֪·ǿչ·ͿٳģͨǸ߲ελ档Ҳӹһ˿֮ɫ
˵һλǰ㣬ǿչ·һʱֻҪﵽˣ̤·ͨǸ߲ελ档
˵ǰкܶ뿪½̵Ĳݵݽʮǿһĵȵȡ˵
治мֻһȺļһѣ֮󣬺ޱߣȻǵ֮УҲǲ׺һڣѾʧк嫵ǿ֮С
ҲǣΪֻʥлǿչ·ļأʥشڱչس˯Ϊ˵ȴǿչ·һ̡˵
˵˵һ壬϶Ҳлǿչ·ļء
˵һ屻һ̵õˣһӶˡдЦ⡣
治м콾Ǹһȭס̵ܹɱ㲻ٱĲǿˡ
ڿǺųǿ𡣡Ц˵
ҡͷɽϻӳưһЦѡ
ǾͿʼɣйâͻȻԶʣ˵ħһɽңһɽ㣬Ҷ˴е֮һ¥һۡ
⣡ص˵ͷ
ʼգûаɵֻб˴ˡ


1146 ɨ
ʥ˳ˡ
˳ݣһרɵĵӣһרħɵĵӣֻҪǴﵽ벽εģǵ֮С
ݶˣɣħɣ˿ֻ֮С
ŵĺϼˣһŮոս벽𲻾ãȴû뵽˾Ȼִݻ
̵ˣǲΨһһλ벽ˡ
ŵ޵ˣһŽǱĳţȴû뵽ãʥˡ
һľҹҲ˸ɱˡ
һҲɱˣ̫ǿˣ˵һ߻һλʮһս񼶱ĴϻȻ˸ɱˡ
ħĴħҲʥ˸ɱˣħʵҲ̵Ҷǳȴû뵽ʥˣԩ
찡ոյϢŵ㱻˸ɱˣɣֻʣ²̵ˡ
ŵʯҲʥħҲֻʣõˣ˵Ѿڲҳˡ

ݳ׷ˣ½𶯡
ʥĴ籩ϯݣɵİ벽𣬶
żʮһս񼶱ǿ֣߳˴˶ӡ
˵޵УѾС
ŵİ벽𣬶ڸԵڣʱڶˡ
ɣ˺ʥ˲ڽ¡
ͼ֣Ҳ֮쳹½
˶Ϊûʮս񼶱ǿ֣߳ݣѾûǶ˵Ķ֡
ʮս񼶱ǿߺϡ٣ҲҶ˳֣Ͼʥĵǰ衣

̣硣
Ҷǳׯ԰һǿϢȻҶǳչصĵطϯ
ëǶʱѣ漴Ҷǳչصĵط
ʮսڣͻˡ˵
ëЦһϢˣʥһֲ̫ˣҶС̤ʮսڣǿˡ
ëʥĴˣͽ궼һء
ûнαչأʱ飬һ
ͼɨݣ˿ɵʮһս񼶱ǿ߶ǵĶ֣ͽ𺳡
ǶΧټ٣ǿ
ɴ˿ɼͼʵжôֲ
Ƕ˰
ʱҶǳ߳չ֮أëˣʱЦˡ
أûг𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ëҡͷҪĵ̫࣬ʵǿûٶȻƻҪһЩͷܳء
Ҳãǵʵ̫ˣǳˣΣա˵ָе˺ʥˡ
Ҷǳɫ״ɵú淢ʲô𣿡
ëƲóռ䷨ּ֪ˡ
ŶҶǳóռ䷨ּ֮ǰչصʱΪ˷ֹ˴ͷӡ˿ռ䷨ּʱһ򿪣ʱһϢ˹
ͽڰѾˣΪʦĺϢɡ
ͽ˵ʥĴ˳ˣҪСġ
ͽʥĴ˺ǿΪʦŶǣһҪСġ

ҶǳʦΪ˺ܶϢ
֪ʥĴ˳ҶǳԵú𾪣ȥ
ҶСӣʥĴ˳ˣһ棬һ壬ںɨħɵİ벽ҪСġԪġ
Ҷʦ֣Ҵ㱻ɱˣǸ쵰ءҴֻѣҶʦ֣һҪҴ㱨𡣡ŵĺ´ġ
Ҷʦ֣ǴŵҲɱˣҶʦ֣㲻ҪҴ㱨ˣҪСġٶȴԤϵжô֡
ҶǳͫһԺжʱһԽûӰϹŴнʶĴŵӺϼ뺫½á
Ҷǳ½֮ʶλ֮һ
ϼȻˡ⣡棡
Ҷǳɱ䡣
ûκγޣϼֻһ벽𣬸в棬ȻҲɱˡ
Ҷǳӿǿҵɱ⡣
ռ䷨ּϢ
һšħɵб˺ʥ˻ɱҲе˳صѹ
ʮһս񼶱ǿߣǴ˶ӣ˵ʵƲʦΪˡҶǳЩѹˡ
ȻָûʹŵΪϾһ֮Ϊܿʮս񼶱ǿˡ
û뵽αչأȻô顣
ãҶǳһ˵
ëҲһ֮ɫµ˵ҺʱѩǶڱչȻһΣˡ˵һĿ꣬ǲˡ
ҶǳЦҪˣɱѣҲҪ
ѣëһΪҶǳѣҲѡ
Ҷǳҡͷ½ʶģǴŵһŮӣŽ벽û뵽棬ɱˡ
ִݻݣëʱŭ
˵ǿǼһҲοʵ
ҪṆ̀ѾġӶȭͷɱ⡣
ʱһϤӰ
Ҷǳ۾һϲʦʮһս񾳽ϲˡ
ǲ̵ĴϸԪӦǸˣΪԪѾʮһս񾳽ˡ
ʦԽôãˡԪЦЦ漴ɫȻˣôӦҲ֪ͼ˰ɣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ֪ˣһܿ񣬶ɨˡ
ǲǿʵԪѾɨˣõãھʣǲ̻ڼͦˣһĿӦþˣҪСġ
Ҷǳ˵ҵ
ţѾʮս񾳽𣿺ãҾͷĶˡԪʱſ͸ҶǳΪ磬ʱϲɫ
ڴʱҶǳǻһΪһǿϯ
֮ǿһӾͲµ˶Էݡ̽


Ҷǳ͸Ԫæ
Ҳ
ΪǰһΰӰǲ̵Ľ䡣
˿ҶǳɫǰδеࣺոյϢĽ庮ҿպ²ˡ
ʲô
Ԫ
Ҷǳɫһ䡣
Ľ庮ǲ̵𣬸ǹ״ӣȻץˡ
Ը񣬿׶༪ˡ
ȥҪĽ庮Ԫæ˵
ҡͷŸոսʮһս񾳽磬Ķ֣ҪɱĽ庮ֱӾɱҪ²ΪֹҲûз²κˣֻǷ²Ľ庮һˡ
Ԫͫһ˼˵Ŀģ
ӦΪңҶǳߵ


1147 
ҶǳһɫܿͲµĿģʱڵ֮бչأΪǺŶˡ
ԣץסĽ庮֮󣬲ûɱҪĽ庮֣ҶǳԮ
ڳ˶ǰ׳գܿ뵽һ㣬ɵ÷׷üͷ
̽˵ͷҶǳ˵аҲ㣬аգĽ庮
ԱߵĸԪһ漴̾Ϣ
ҲĽ庮ʦ𣬽̵Ľ庮ô꣬ͰĽ庮ԼŮˡ
ԣĽ庮ΣգȻļ
ȻԽݣôԹһӡ
ҶǳҲ𾪵æ֣ˣ˵ңҲȥĽ庮ʦģģһ
أ̽ûж˵ֻǶҶǳ˵ͷȻ뿪ˡ
ΪҶǳ
ĿͽȥԪ̾ôˣһǵһμˣСοһҪĽ庮ѾͷȻ
İɣֻҪĿңǾû⡣Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ãҵĺϢԪ漴Ҳ뿪ˡ
Ҷǳëʼ顣
Ҫȥھͳɣ²˳٣һȵĲͷأ˵
ҶǳĬ
ë˽һۣǰ׳գڳȥ棬ֻĽ庮ĸ졣
Ŀ겻ҪҶǳ𣿡ʱɻ
ë˷ۣɸֵ˵԰֪ǳ󣬿϶˺ƱĽ庮ΪǸʱĽ庮Ѿûüֵˡ
ʱȻԲۣһﲻðԭûдŹĽ庮ֻҪǳѡ
ϻ
ëߵǲȻĻô᲻ųϢ˵ҶСӳȥĽ庮ⲻ˵ǵţֻҪǰ뿪̣ͻĽ庮Ȼɱǡ
ȥĻ˵ҲɱĽ庮ġ˵
ë̾鷳ĵطʣȨô֮С
黹ǼְЦ
ҶǳΪ֮ƣֻһ취Ǿǵץסʹţ̸С
𣿡ëüŴû˵ʲôѣˣδػ˵˼ɵĵط˵Ҳû˵ʲôԱõĵط
ҶǳЦǵһμսģȻűսһֱ־ٰģԲ鵱¼Ϣһûмˣ
вļЩصᱻģëüҪȥںʲô档
ιιι˭˵ҲںģԶʱһŭصë
Ҷǳ˰֣ҡͷֻȥãȥûõġңҪвļˣֻҪȥļͣȻҵ˼
Ҷǳ˵ڣ沢û˵Ľ庮вǣȴ³⡣ֻͬҪҵļͣ϶Ҳµҵ⡣
ëȻ򣺡Զȷһð취
һ˵һѾļ˽ӵأȻ˵
ëһۣѻ죡
Ȳ鿴ɣҶǳҲЩģĽ庮ԷʱпɱĽ庮Ҳûİ취ˡ
ԭв˼˵飬Ҷǳǲмġ
ɱ˺ϼַ²Ľ庮Դ֣ҶǳҲһЩɵֶΡ
߰ɣ
Ҷǳ漴ë뿪硣
ڲ̣ҶǳҵϣһսԱϢ
üսԱϢɹͬƹܵģһÿɶԼԸǲ÷ֱƹһ룬ĴɷֱƹܡҪϢҪһˡ
ͷˡҶǳе
ϿԵȣȲǲ̵ģûУϵźһ
ţҶǳһԵȴš
һϾҡҡͷ˵浱ĵص㣬ǲ̵ķΧڡ
Ͽʼϵźһ˲ѯʱЩ㻨ʱ䣬յϢ
ôҶǳʵ
̾ûУֻħǱˡ
ħҶǳɫħæڳ˵Ρ
ϿҶǳɫæ˵ʵħæҲδزܣΪ˺ʥҲǵĵˣǷǳֵðǵæǣҪһЩ۲С
ʶ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ϿЦ˵ôܻħء
ϱᣬҲ˼Ҷǳæ˵
ϰ˰֣˵Ҿֱȥõ
𣿡Ҷǳ΢΢üϵ˼ν˵ĵ˾ѣڱŵò뿪ãĿ϶ʹʥĴˣҲæ
ҪǣҶǳʥ˶Ƿĵˣ϶ֵÿɱȻ֮
ãԿ
Ҷǳë뿪漴һ̵ĵӣһոµĿռ䷨ּȥҷռӡǡ
ԼȥãܻΣգֻһͼĵȥþͲɱˣ̫ˣҶԲûʲôá
дڣûһʱ䣬̵ĵӾͻˣ˷ܣǳģϾܹԼɵ£еǳҡ
һ֮ڣλ𣬵Ȼܼ
ϧ֪ëҲ𣬲Ȼ֪Լһ֮ڼλ𣬹ƻҸιȥ
ˣлʦˣ͸㡣Ҷǳûؿռ䷨ּóһƷ͸ʦܡ
лʦ֣

Ҷǳռ䷨ּͿһ仰
ҶǳѵðȻϵңʲô飿ԵЩѷ
Ҷǳֱӻһ䣺ãҲ㣬ְֻͨ취ϵˡ

ãһͤڣռ䷨ּĻʱŭһƾǰʯӡ
ȻȷǶڣ˳ѿ
뵽ħʯݵ˵˺ʥˣȷһ˿η塣
ٷϻǿڲȥӭսҸʲôҲ
Ҷǳߵһ飬ҲһϢҪϸģϼҲμսӦ÷ħһӦÿԲõ
ȻȻܴ˲ҶǳĿģ뵽²Ľ庮飬ʱЦˣҪҵļˣвŹĽ庮ƾʲôҪ㣿
ֻҪĽ庮Ҿȥɱ棬Ӧ뿴顣Ҷǳ˵
˳˼ȷĶˣҶǳʵ֪ǿ͸ǿˣһս˭ˣġ
ܾˡ


1148 
һҪ͵ġ˼Ƭ̺󣬷Ѷ
ëԱ߿ռ䷨ֵּĻʱţ˵Ҫûٰ
Ҷǳصԣ
ҶС㡭ëʱҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ֻʱѡ
˵ҲԣֻҪҳëЦ
漴Ҷǳͷͽнףڲȥ¶棬ǿò̵һλϺõһλȥס
֮Ҷǳ֪Ϣˡ
棬ݣϷӵܡ
ԭֻһ壬ЩȴչѸ٣ѾһЩɣҲС
һ˵õȮ죬ҿΪĹϵŷչô졣ëߵ
ҶǳߣھȥϷǣҵûô
ҲãȳĽ庮Ҳһ˼ɡë˵ͷ
漴ǰϷǡ
ৣ
ϷǵĴ㳡Ҷǳ˳̨ϡ
¡¡Ҷǳ̨֮󣬱һĳ㳡ϵд󶼸ݻˡ
ΧһЩ˴ˣһԾؿ
㳡϶ʱһƬ
󵨣


һȺϷǵʿʱҶǳǰΧˣηҶǳ˵ʵû֡
һͷʿҶǳǴȵǵʲôˣΪδݻϷǵĴ󣿡
̣ҶǳҶǳ˵Ȼʹǰȥ
Ҷǳǿ𣡡ͷʿʱͫһ漴˺ˣҶǳһˡ
ҶǳڱҲ󣬵ݣ־׹
Ͼǿô꣬ܶ˶Ѿϰˣ˭ʶҶǳ
ȻҶǳ
ҶǳϷʲô
˵һĿҶǳˡ

Ϸǳ׷ˡ
ҶǳϢϷǡ
̸۴¡
ҶǳǵǺɣϷ֮󣬾һҾ¥ס¡
ëɻؿҶǳʵôֱȥң
ǰǲҪвֱȥҾͺˡҲ˵
Ц˵ǱĽҵܹжǿҸղѾ̽Ѱһ飬ǳǿҲֻһսľΪжߣ
ëʱȻ򣺡԰ҶСӵĽڣڴ˳һͷ˲Ϣ֮ɱǳصˣôҪҪȥҲûбҪˡ
Ǻǣǿɲвļˣ̫ˡҶǳЦ˵
ֱȥңû֪вҡ
ֻһ֪ˡ
ͲӰ졣
ڣӦ֪ҵϢ϶ϢѸٴɡҶǳһЦؿŴ⡣

ҡ
Ҽ˵ʱɫһҶǳϷˣݻϷǵĴ󣿡
ǵģһʹݻдڽϷǣÿˣôĴ󣬶ʱҲδ޵úá˹
ȥɣҼ˻֡
ȵ뿪ҼɫʱݻٴӦǲ뿪Ϸǡѵң
ˣץ˲̵Ľ庮
Ҽɫһ䣺ʵϷ˭ֵܵϷǵĴ󱻴ݻ٣ӶӲߣңѾڰмˡ
ɶһ𣬾Ȼвļˣֱ޳ֶܵΡҼһߺ޵
ɺ޵ǣҶǳûңԼȥҲûҶǳвҡ
ֻ֪ͨˡҼҧóһſռ䷨ּ㽫ҶǳϷǵϢ˳ȥ

ĳ¥Ľ庮š
ԵúУһߺȾƣһ߳Բˡ
Ľ庮ûôˣɫ棬˵㵽ʲô˼ɱֲɱֲš
ҶǳҾɱ㡣浭˵·˵һƽ飬ȴĽ庮һ
֪ǰ˵Ѿ䵽˼£ǻɱˣԴŮǵˣҲЩ
棬û濴Ľ庮·Ľ庮·ߵķûʲô
Ҳֻмۡ
ţ
Ȼóһſռ䷨ּ
Ϣʱɫһ䣬еľƱ
Ľ庮״ʱֻյ˲õϢ
֪Լɣһ档
俴˵ǲ̵ȻȥҵϼвҵļˣҪҷ뿪
ǲ̵ҶǳĽ庮һ㶣漴ҡͷҶǳô飿ҪңҲֻҡ
ߵϷǣҶǳھϷǣѾݻϷǵд󣬲вʲô
ȥ𣿡Ľ庮ʵ
Ĭˡ
ȷҶǳûȥңûҵ˵Ҫ˵Ҷǳвң˭ţ
Ҷǳ˼ҪǸɱĽ庮Ҷǳͻҡ
ҶǳҲԳ֣ǲôҸ˻
һ̫ˣǿҲֻǰս񣬸ҶǳĶ֡
˼
ٴһƱ˾ƣȥ
ɫ䵽˼¡
⻹ǵһвҵˣ
ؿĽ庮˵ңǵһҾͻɱ㡣ԣŷôһ򣬱ҷ㡣
Ҫı޳ǿڱϡĽ庮Լ
ЩĻȻҪվҶǳһߵģϾҶǳôҲΪ˾ֻим
߰ɣȥϷǣȻҳˣǾͲҪŻȥˡвˣûһ˿Իšվ뿪¥
Ľ庮ȥȻΪûбӡȴߡ
Ϊֻһȭʹǰûߡ
˵ʵǳǿ
Ҷǳ̫³çˣ㲻ӦҵġĽ庮̾ϢЩǡ
ͨ˾ϷһǳأȻŷǰϷǡ
һ·ϣкܶħޣħ٣סһȭ
·һȭѾԽһУӵ޷֪̽ĺ

ϷǣĽ庮߽˳УڵӶֱӳһҾ¥ȥ
ΪѾܵҶǳϢϾҶǳûڸԼϢһ͸Ӧˡ
Ҿ¥˿һ˶ûУΪ¥ҶǳˣǵϾ¥
¥УҶǳëĸΧžƲˡ
Ľ庮˶ʱ˹ȥ
⣬˰һԡëƱЦ
ɫʱһ͡
Ľ庮С죬Ц


1149 Ұ
¥УҶǳꡢǶһ̿ëһֱ̫Цˡ
ߣ
һԱ¡
ëؿҶǳвңǵһҲؽһ
˺ǿ
Ҷǳһ̣͸ܵһǿϢ궼ս
ҿ϶ǿһ𣬱ٶǿ
ţë֮ԴȤ棬ҲΪѹ̫ˣŹһ¡
Ҷǳη棬ҲĶ֣Աİջеġ
ˣҶǳ˵㲻вңв㣿
ָĽ庮
ƲͷԱߵĽ庮漴ٶȿҶǳ˵ŲھɱĽ庮Ȼɱ㣬ҶֵĻᶼûС̫ˣңһЩɵ
滹û˵꣬һĽѾ̽ڣڹꡣ
ţ
˲վһǿƣϯȥ
ҶǳҲվһǿƣ涼Щȡ
ΪҶǳ֮⣬ëȻҲ𣬶ԱߵĽʵҲ
ʲôʱôˣ
棬ҵĽɣҶǳЦſ档
˵û뵽ľΪﵽ˵Ĳ㣬絶桭ȻԹ˵ܹ꣬κηһеȷʤǣҵľΪѾﵽ˵ΣһжӰ첻󡣡
Ϸڣܹмһľﵽεģǣһͷ˲ɱסҶǳ˵
ͫȻһϬĿ⣬Ҷǳ޾ɱͷųΧ϶һ㺮˪
Ҷǳ֮ӣƣĸһĽ
ȻĽǿŵģǹΣյϢȴǿԸӦġ
ԺֶܶΣ޷赲Ľ
˵ɱҶǳոѾܵҶǳʵΧëˣһɱ
޷ɱҶǳĽ˲뿪ɱҵˡ
вʵʵڵвеܲˬ
Ȼвˣ
ҶǳĿ⣬ǿҵɱ⡣
Эˡ
߰ɣҽͷһ֮Ҿͻҵĸĸ͵ʱͲвҡ˵
ߣҶǳЦһһмΪôֻ࣬Ϊ˱𣿡
˵꣬ë뿪¥Ľ庮ȻҲȥ
üؿҶǳıӰ
촦ңڳһսҶǳĻﴫ
һû뵽Ҷǳһս
Ҷǳôֻ࣬Ϊ˾Ľ庮һսڱеġ
㲻Ķ֣ҲҪľʵ
οôˣѵ棿
ãȻҪҾͳȫ㣡ЦһȥңҪҵսԼأûк֮ˡ
Ҷǳǣȥ˳ĸ߿Уȴĵ
ϾǵʵڳսϷǶᱻݻٵġ
ҶǳûѪֵز
Ľʦ㣬û°ɡ߿УҶǳĽ庮ɵʵ
Ľ庮ЦڵʵѾ׳ԽˣĽʦþˡ
ǺǣҶǳ΢΢һЦ
Ľ庮˵û£һȭӲסҪҡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ΪֻǾսڣ棬ҸղſˣѾﵽʮս۷徳磬㵲סһȭġ
Ľ庮ҡͷ¾ΪһҲԵֵסһȭСĵ㡣
֪ˣȥذɣսҶǳЩ˼˵Ľ庮Ϊǵ׸
Ľ庮һԳ˵û뵽ҲгΪ׸һ죬Сĵ㡣˵꣬ͽëء
Ҷǳ漴ëǣȥսҲУϣͽǲҪǰ棬ǹˡ
û⡣ë˵ͷʮս۷徳磬žսԲ磬Ϊô󣬻ô
Ҷǳʮսڣһս
Ȼü٣ȻҲס档
䣡
̸۵ʱһǿϢϷڴ
һ̣һǿӰڸ߿У档
ҶǳڵˡûҶǳϻ֮󣬱һȭҶǳ
ʱݣձը
ֲк
һȭȻޱȵǿҶǳܵв
ȭԲ磬һѾʮǿսľ磬һȭпֲܡëɫص
ӡҶǳѾɱ˳ȥһʩչĽ棬һʩչӡԿȭ
أ
ӡѣǿᴩ£ҶǳҵѪɡ
һһм֮ɫӼһžͶҶǳԴȥ
𣡡˹ҲʩչԲķӡֻ֮һȭͰѪɳȥ涼ѷ졣
̫ˣ
дų֮ɫҶǳȥҶǳ˫һţӭĽơ
䣡
һ֮һ𣬷Ҷǳ˫ȱ飬Ѫ
ҶСӣ١ëȵ
Ҷǳɫޱأһͬб˴ôңǶԷĶ֣Լ嶼ˡ
Ϊ̫սҲǳֲҶǳа뵽
òϣĺǿǰδĳš
䣡
ٴҶǳˣɫ٣ʱգա
ĹʱסˣҶǳ˴ʱ䣬˺
û뵽㾹Ȼһʮһս񼶱ǺѹеӸһս汻ɫٹȴ治ɫ˫ȭӶɱٽڽڰˡ
״𾪵һʵȵǸǿˡ
ϻһϣëһʩչӡɱȥ
ʵ̫ˣһȭʹ塣
Ҳɱˣһ塣
ֻҶǳǿܹĹҲѪɡ
˵ʵ̫ǿˣڿԿġëе
ߣҶǳһëֱ˲뿪
ҪɱȴٸסˣҶǳѾ뿪ˡ
һ˲֮û˿׷ҶǳЩʮս񼶱ľͷ
٣ֱʧˡ
ٵɫ٣Ҳٵı壬Ȼʵǿ󣬵Ҫץסٻǲܵġ
ΪҲǿܣƷ١


1150 粨
ݣĳɽ֮УҶǳһ˴ӿռ˳
£̫ˣȻǻ쵰Ķӣүʵڲİëһߺ޵ؽе
˿̾ò˵Ǽһʵǿֲͬһ磬ҲԶԶĶ֡
ұΪҶǳѾ̬ˣû뵽֮лô̬ģ˵Ǹʥʵ֮£һڣǻʲôһй
ζ棬ȻȳĽ庮ȴǲҰܡ
Ҷǳɫѿ½ô꣬ǵһܵĲҰܡ
ֱǳ裡
ҶСӣģֻΪΪһƾķʽһԻëο
ҶǳҡҡͷҵΪһҲδؿԴùܹٴںһҿóѾͻѪ磬ﵽ˸ߵһΡ
ˣأ°ɣëȻĵ
Ҷǳҡͷģʵץס٣һ
˵ʱ򣬵һɫ٣١
Ҷǳʱս档
ëһп٣ǿ¶ɱˣٴﵽʮս񾳽磬Ǿ޵ˡ
Ҫٴﵽʮս񾳽ѣֻܿˡҶǳЦ
ëҡͷûϵǻȻزǰɡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˲ƵһǳأȻִﲹǡ
ӲǵĴ̨˶һĬεĲҰܣǶеܳ衣
ص˵ׯ԰ҶǳųĽ庮ȥ̽ˣҶǳҲյ˲̽Ĵм
ֻҶǳ鲻Ǻܺá
УëҶСӣþ쿪ҩ԰ˣֻҩǵΪֻܴҪΪ׷棬Ǽ֣ѵңҩ˵ٽ
Ҷǳüͼʵǿô࣬ҩ԰ǵõĺôࡣ
˵ĲͬڻʺϿҩ԰ʲôʱܹ浲ס棬ܿҩ԰
ëҲܹǵĹǣЦҩ԰Ϊ
ǻʮս񼶱ĵ
Ҷǳë˵ϵһλڣæܲܰﻻҪģҵΪΪǵս
ë۾һŽ꣬˵ýʮһս񾳽磬ٶƾͳ׷ӳˣʱ˲ƣ򲻹棬ҲԱˡ
Ƕ಻˼Щϲ
ëƲ˵̫磬֪ܻܹ֪ܲʺ˭һʺϱүء
£óռ䷨ּһڴ
ҶǳҲѶ
ʿ̽ǷҶǳܴ飬յҶǳĴѶϾӦ
кƣҲ̫˰ɣȻʮս񼶱ĵ
ţ
һУҶǳоԼϵĿռ䷨ּһ𣬲ɵóһ
ǷңҶǳë˵
ëߵС֪ûɡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴Ѷʧˣû¡
ʵΣٴδѶ
ҶǳѶһȭɱ㣡
ãſռ䷨ּϢɵ۾һɣɱŭ쵰
˵꣬ռ䷨ּҲҶǳˡ
ȴҶǳӣһսʧˡ
Ǹʵôֲ
׼ãҳȥ

ݣҶǳսǴ˳ȥ
ϾǵϷϿսϷڵľȻ
ңǿչɱҶǳһ˽ڽڰˣĶӣǳȻѴ´˳ȥ
ʱһƬڡ
ҶǳǿѾܼˡ
û˸ЦҶǳΪһսҶǳֵʵҲǳֲ
Ҷǳһʮһսͺֲܿˡ
ûͼ壬ȷǿš
ֻڣͼĹâ£ҶǳԵЩһˡ
ݣ½ֻͼˣվڵ۷壬
ʮһս񼶱һصĻǹϧǲ档
壬ɫޱأϵܺãҲû뵽ʵôֲ
Ҷǳһ˵ʵǷǳˣ˵Ǹķ˧磬͵ͽ꣬ʵͲС޴½ʶ
ҶǳǿҲидټһʮһս񼶱ôǿ֣ȻĶӡ
жǿ
Ѿ޷ˡ

һ壬ѪյϢҲĬˡ
һɽһɽ߰һʥ¡Ѫ̾Ϣ
ȻԸ˿ҲòϣԼǿ̫ˡ

ɽ׻Ԩڽ˫ȵȣЩ𶼱սˡ

ޣճǡ
ԲͻħԳҲյݴϢǳ𾪡
û뵽֮оȻı̬ҶǳְȻĶӣֱ˼顣ħԳ
ҶǳҲˣȻǵĿֲʵ
Ż𺳡
ǿ󣬳
ҪŬûһ֮ǰǻǲҪȥˡԲ
ħԳ˵ͷ

̣硣
Ҷǳյ˲̽Ϣ
ֻһԽ̽ҽϢҶǳ
Ҷǳ۾ë˶һڴؿôǽô˵
ҶǳЦеһԽʺ˭
ɨ˼һۣ漴ĿëϣЦ˵ãʺ㡣
Բۣëʱϲ
ͽЩʧǻǳϲë
ë˷֮ȴüͷϧȻʵǶǵİֻʺǵս
Ǽ˵һõʮս񼶱ĵҲֻǽʮսڣʵǵɲ
һЩҶǳҡҡͷ漴ʵλڴ𣿡
ҿëͷóռ䷨ּ
϶ʱһϲԣ˵ˣԻһǽ޷Ǽ
ǲãҶǳʱϲ漴æʵĵʺ˭
ͽٶڴؿë
ëƳ˽һۣߵһã汻õˡ
Բۣʱ˷ܵ
һĽ


1151 
Ҷǳëͷжܿ콻ɹëͽ굱չ
һﻹãһĽ֮ɫ
ҶǳЦ˵ʮսԲ磬һο϶ܹ̤ʮһս񾳽硣ǽһųٶȵһһ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ʵͺǵ¡ټٶȣֵɶˡ
ţһҲԿҩ԰ˣʲôƻ˵ͷ漴ʵ
ҶǳŪһЩرͼȻøɵĵӵõҩ԰϶ǿػЩӸ޷ƿֻɡһԽԽմ½
ƻ˵ͷ漴ʵڿʼãǵȼǳأ
Ҷǳ˵׼òرͼȻֱҪʱһ
Ŀ̫ȥرͼ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ

ʱתʮꡣ
ͼݣ콾ûһܹǿ⡣
޵УΪ˵Ĵʡ
ݸɶʧˣݣ½ǿһݣ˿ȴΪͼ˵ս
ɣΪġ
ҶǳĽ庮ͷݽ𣬶ڸԵڣҳ
ϱǿ߲ò̾ʥһǿÿһĴˣǴ޵֡
յĶԾҲֻͼ˶ѡ

̣硣
ѩëǶ̳ء
ҶǳĿɨǣѩʮսڣӺС˾սڣǾսڡ
ëȻʮսڣ겻̤ʮһս񾳽硣
Щǵʵÿһǿˡ
ǲǷˡëˣһп
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦЩǵʵڳɳˡ
ҾȻ̤˾ս񾳽磬ǲ˼鰡һп
ЦҲǾսˣȻ̤ʮս񾳽磬ǲİ
Ҫ׷ϱүŬɡëƲ
ѩ͵͵ҶǳкܻϲԼҲʮս񣬺Ҷǳͬһˡ
磬ǽһʥ˵ɡҶǳ漴˵
ëʱЩչ飬ѩգһ𾪡
Ҷǳë꣬ټһʮһս񼶱ʲôһ
ǾȻһ˴Ķӡ
澹Ȼ˿¡
Ҷǳ𾪵ӣɵЦ˵ҲҪйڽѾ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ʵѩҲ̤ʮս񾳽磬һսﵽʮһս񾳽硣ټҵһʮһս񼶱٣ԼǼ˵֣棬Ҳ·硣
˵ĲѾǻˡëЦ飬Ҫھͳȥǻһһ٣
ͬȲ˵ʵҪһ
ĬʵûҲǱᣬѹ
ҶǳҡͷˣҲؼһʱοôȥӮҲʡ裬ȵҩ԰ʱһϳ̡
Ǿȷһȵҩ԰ʱһë˵գͿʼҶǳֿҩ԰ļƻ
ԱߵЦҶ֣ʵ̫ưﲻʲôæΪǵۡԣ׼ȥ¥Ժٿ԰ռߴϢ
ţܲҼǵ㵱ʹӦҪ½¥ǸʱˡҶǳЦŵͷ
ûǿ룬ϾһͲս͵ģڵΪȻﵽ˾սڣֻа벽޵е츳ʵ֮ģҲ͸൱
ë˵뷨ܲ¥鲼½ԺҲˡһ󹤳̣һ˿޷ɡ
ȥԸµ˵һȺս飬ҾͲˣȥΣ˳̽һ½һЩĹ
ЦòˣˣһϵһЩս½ѣ񺣼ҵӺʥӺ磬׼ҵʥҶҵһЩʥӵȵȣֵεġ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЩǰˣֻЩΪ˫ʵ̫Ҳͺϵˡ
һһЩҶҵʥӰ㡣˵Ҷҽ½һ˵У䡣
ëһЦֲˣǾͺˣǿȴݷչȻݡ
Ҷǳ˵ݵĻԽ̵һ븵ʦڰа㡣ݵĻϵԬκԬʦãǱǿ㣬ڱݾ˳ˡ
ϵСӡëЦǲˣһһһݴ򿪾档
Ҷǳ˵һİսϲٻֻҪҵ֣ͻ㡣ʣµޣֻܿԼıˡ
ôһ˵Ҹо̫ˡЦкܸˣҶǳܹ㣬¥˳ˡ
ܿ죬ȥϵæȥˡ
½ôһݱǰս½ǧ򱶣гǳҪÿһǳؽһ¥Ҫʱ뾫
עһĹ̡
Ŀ뿪Ҷǳɫؿëǣҩ԰ƻɡ
رͼѾ׼ˣʱЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЩرͼֻҪһͷЩ²رͼĵطлػԶ򿪣緢貵ı⡣
⸽ˣῴ⣬ȻͻᷢЩرͼ
ҶǳŪ˼ٷݲرͼôرͼ֪ҩ԰˱Խ࣬˭Ҳ޷עᱻݣ½
ֻû뵽ҩ԰λþȻޣëЩ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦݡޡݡݣҶ߹ˣֻʣ޻ûȥȥʶһ
˵޷ɲ⣬ǲ˵
ëЦȺеˮҲûãעǿǰޣǷѵһڣ
ֻǲ֪޵ķ̺ս½ĿɮһʲôͬҶǳҲЩ档
ȴ˵˽һЩ޷̱Ƚǿƣս½ĿɮһȫͬɮһԵǲȥѧֻŬԼȥӰˡ޷̲һһͳ޾֪ˣޣ˭ҲŷǳûнǾͻᱻĨ
ԲۣȺͺ¿Ȼ˰ԵëĿɿڴ
ҶǳüͷԷźкøУ޷ķţ͸еˡ
ս½ɮһǼǴʦǵõɮ
ȻҲ̵ĺá


1152 
롢ҲǾս񼶱ǿߣĴطһ֡
ǸǿģҲֻЩɵĴϡˣǿ߱ټ
ԣܿͽʮ¥ֱ𲼾ݵʮ֮С
ʽķ桭
ҶǳڳõЩս񼶱µĵǸòţξͽȥ¥ˡ
Ȼ˵һʽ
ɢкܶ࣬¥ĹǮ࣬Ȼܶɢ޼롣
ǵֱ̫ӴˣЩɢΪ˵ƴҪ¥
ºʮ¥Ӫҵˡ
Ϊ¥ƣȻս½ˣĵһ񵥣Ŀǰ۵
˼壬񵥱½һİ񵥡
ĿǰûռϢҶǳаϴͺܶ϶Щһ
ǣΪ¥ҵĵһŲƷ˳ȥ
ֵһǣʮ¥ӡˢʮڷ񣬾Ȼˡ
߶ǳ棬һˣⶫֲ൱ڱֽһɢ޶
һʱ䣬¥ݡ

ĳǳأһɢޱ߱߿е񣬲Եͬ̾¥ĺܶҾȻ֪ǵϢ
ǰ㿴⽣ڵĽ˫˵ݽһֱû뵽¥ˡͬҲͷ˵
ڡѪԨɽЩʮǿһ¥Ϣǿ£ЩʮǿһʹõʽսΣĺ
¥ˮɲ⣬˵ʮս񼶱ǿ߰д̽¥Էˡ¥ʮһս񼶱ĳǿ򡣡
ҲܹǵȻʵ
ǾȻûаͼУѵͲͼƷ¥
˵ˣλ¥ĸ˽͵ͼʵѾԽԲ񡣵ԺǻֱӱڸһľͷͼԴ˷ǳ⣬˶˵¥ܹƽܲǵ֧֣Ҳøɲ¥
¥ܴ֪ͼ塣

̸ݸǳضС
¥ѾΪ̸۵Ķ
˲֪¥һᱻǳΪ㾮֮ܣûʶ
˵¥񳹵׻ˡ

̣硣
ҶǳһҲڿʳ¯
ֻɨһۣùעˡ
Ϊ񵥣еģϾɲʶЩ
֮УʥеһҶǳеڶе
Բǽ˫ëǷѪڰڣھɽʮǰԨʮһĽ庮ʮǷ
񵥴ǹƽģֻҶǳëʵȻҶǳаڵһ
СӻܹƵģǲͼȻ˵ͼʵѾ𣬰һﶼķˣ˵һﶼ˵ܹƽءëЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц飬û˻Ĺˣ¥ľҲǴˡȻ˲ʱߵս
һѾˣĩβëЦ˵
ҶǳЦʵҲֻλá

ãе첱Ӵ֡
ʮλĩβʵ̫ˡ
Ȼڱ˵ҫǶ˵ĩβֱ̫ˡ
ʲôƨ¥ŵۣʲô
к¥
ʮս񼶱ôȥ̽¥֪¥ʮһս񼶱ĳǿҲΪˣϾûʸ붯õʮһս
οͼ嶼֧Ҳ֧ǲʥ
ҧгݣе˺ϡá
Ǹ˧硢Բ˫ʲôҲʸ֮ϣвʣԼãѾС

ˬĴڣֹһ
ʱڣҲһŭؿе
𣬾Ȼ˵ڰ
ҧгݣԼ٣ҶǳѪ棬Ҳ̫ܡ
Ǹ˧ʲôһ½ѡ
ǸԲһ˶ѣϴȥ޴½ҲûмʶԲʲô͡
죡¥
ͷһҲ¥
ͬʱõİ׻ԨɽҲܲˬϾ̫ˡ
ԲҲԼڵģɵһЦ¥һȻ½һ¥ڵλǿҰ
Ϊս½ˣȻ¥׹ȻҲ֪¥˭ˡ
΢΢ҡͷԲչ

һ񣬽·ơ
ʮλ𣬳ΪǣĿеĳߡ
ú¥а䲼벽޵аٴκ䶯ݡ
¥ûչ֣ڸǳؽ¥
ΪֵЧǳã¥ķչٶȷǳ죬һʼʮ¥ܿͷչһȻһǧ˺ڣԽԽ͡
ΪѾвɺԸ¥Ը֧¥

ϷһϿ֮С
ӵںɱһͷħޡ
úǳɹɱͷħޡ
Ϊ׵һӵ΢΢Цû뵽ܹɱһս񼶱ħޡ
磬˵е𣿡һӵʵ
ǡ硯ЦȻ˵ˣ¥ǺܹƽģЩʵзǳңҲ֪ҵѾԽΣû񵥣ʶࡣ
˵¥ҪϷǽ¥ˡһӵ˵
ǡ硯ͷ֪Ѿ͸¥һƬ֧¥¥ڳ׻ˣ鲼ݣҲֵҽύ
䣡
ڴʱԶϿ֮УͻȻһɫĹֱͨ񷣬
ӵһ㶣漴ؿϿȡ
Ǳ⣡һӵ˷ܵ϶бˣ
˱Ȼ춯أҪˡǡ硯Ҳѡ
ǵԶϿȣȻھأҵһʯС
ʯкܹӣ·˲ɣ֪Ӷǰġ
ӵܴһʱһŲرͼ¼Ϣǳ𺳡
ҩ԰Զʱһλǿĺ԰ҩĵر
ӵŲرͼϢˡ


1153 ҩ԰
ҶǳѾЩرͼڵĻأһ𣬳ݸأ̶Χ߷֡
һʼһЩֲرͼˣǼҵӵܣûţҪҩ԰еı
ǣŷֲرͼԽԽ࣬Ϣ޷ˡ
ǶһЩСɢ˵֪ԼסرͼҲȥҩ԰ᱦ
ԣЩСɢ޶ԣѲرͼġ
ǣֽס𣬲رͼϢй¶ȥ
漴һƬȻ
ʲô¥
ʲô
ҩ԰ִ󱦵ǰÿ
һʱ䣬˶̸Ųرͼ̸ҩ԰
Դ˲ģ¥Ѿ˼ǧˣѳɣ鲼ݣҲͲҪٸʲôˡ
ʱҩ԰֣˵ߣʺ¥͵չѸ׳
ϾҶоҩ԰ʱ;ȥ¥
ҲҶǳƻõġ
ЩرͼҲȵڲųˡ

̣硣
Ҷǳһ˾ۼһһѡ
ڿʼˣʲôʱȥޣë˫֣Ȳ֮ɫ
Ҷǳҡͷ𼱣ҩ԰϶󷨱ǵʵơҿ󻹵ø֮ܽƣȲȸһʱٻС
αүһҪ嵽ʮһս񾳽磡ëҧ
Ҳܣʮһս񾳽磬޴½
ڣѾ̤磬Ҳл̤硣
ѾײڸҶǳ뿪޴½
ǰߵ硣
ҲӰѻ¥ҩ԰Ϣٶȴ½˶֪ҩ԰ĴڡҶǳ˵
ҪƬˮ롣
ʱλԶʱĵһǿĻڵĻҲܲµν
ܲܰ½ٵɡ
ңһҲ

¥ӻҩ԰ϢѾ˲֪˲ˡ
ֻҪǸߣ֪һҩ԰Զһǿıأĵرҩ
ʱԽԽ˸ޣЩɢޣһԵȥˡ
кܶߣӶޡݡݸϹǰޡ
ޱͳһһֱ⣬Ǻ֡һΣߴޣһƬʵͷۡ
ôߣҲֻСĽ𣬱Ͼ̫ˣҪǼ˵ķǼǷҲᱻ
ν϶ˣҲҧ
Щɢ޴ʱһɢɳͺֲܿˡϾǵ̫Ӵˣɢް
ɢȻˣ½һЩɣȴǳסûмж
ʱڣһǿݵϿպš
Щǿ󣬹Ǹһ£ͷ·޾嫺ޱߵǿա
ʣЩˣٶʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣʮս񼶱ľͷ
ȻЩǶڿζԴҩ԰ϾϢѾˣұĳһܹҩ԰ġ
̸УĵĦȭƣĵȴš
ڣһµ̸֮Уɶʼжˡ

Ͽգһ޴ģǲ񷣬գɢŰϢ
ǲ죡Ҷǳ̾ǵһŲĵ
ܿ죬ҲеġëĽڴֻҪȵҶǳʮһս񾳽磬ôȡһĵˡ
Ԫʱ˹һڲ̵ĵӺȵҶϲ죬ȥޡ
ڸԪԱߣվһˣɢǿϢ
ԽߣҶǳƳһۣû⡣
δӵѡǰԽߺ͸Ԫλ
ߣԽ俴Ҷǳһۣһ㲻ᡣ
漴ϲ졣
β̿νǴٳҶǳЩ⣬Ľ庮а벽޵вεŵӣȫˡ
Ȼ̽ϣܹҩ԰µӵΪ
ৣ
˵ϲ֮ĶʱգУٶȿĲ˼顣
ҵ˲ƸֱС׼סҶǳ̾
˲ƾޣִռ䣬˲ƿˣ൱ڴŲˡ

ڲжʱɣҲж
еɣֱõµȥޡ
ûеɣֻʮһսµӳ󣬺ķһʱȥޡ
½жˡ
޵ĸǳأѾΪ
ҩ԰ڵλãΪĵķԲڣеĳǳأ˺ѹѹȺ
䣡
һѿռ䣬Ͽա
˾ǲ̵Ĳ죬˵ǲ̵ĵ겹һҡ죬ʮλʮһս񶼸ɱˡ
쿴ħĵħˡ˽е
Զһɫħħĵӣƿն
Ҳˣ
õˣڳˡ
ˡ
Ƕˣǵڶˡ
쿴Щʮǿһ壬ˡ塢׻塢塢ȫˡ
û뵽ҲˣȥǱˣˣǳĴŮ˲̡

һɵһƬ
ҶǳĿɨΧɵþ̾ôֵĳ棬Ҳǵһμʶ½ͷˡ
Աߵͽ꾪ˣڼʶ½ĿֲΧʮսʮһս񣬻Щٿŵʮս񣬵ǿ߰
డүԤУҩ԰һѪȷ硣ëЦ
Ҷǳ˵Ƕע㣬Ҿۼһҩ԰ǧɢˡ
ëǵүģҩ԰ػ󷨣пռԣʱһУпܻᱻӵط
ҲûܡҶǳɫһԼ˵ǵ׼ʱҪţǵʵֻҪ桢ЩʮһսԱ㹻ˡ
Լ˵ʵģʵС;Ӷǰ벽ҲǾսڣСһ㣬ԿԱ
ѩʮս񣬻һʮһսܴһԱ㹻ˡ
ëǾ͸˵ˡ
ʥˣԶһƬ
ҶǳȥֻλʮһսǿߣмλʥʮһսǿߣǶ
ߣ
ҲҶǳһˣһĨɱ⣬һ
ëƲţȽȥ֮ٱ
λʮһսҪЩѶȡ˵
Ĺ
޷̵ˡ
ȥʱһƬͷУһĹͷƵһҫޱȡ
λȻѾˣǾһҩ԰ɡ̵һλʮһսǿЦ


1154 
ҩ԰
ɣ
ˣ

½ɵʮһսǿ߶׷׵ͷ
ĶˣûģҲûҪˡ
ɵӵܶȲҪҩ԰Ѱڷǿ֮˱Լóֵʱ䣬һ𹥴ҩ԰ķ󷨡
֣
һȡ
ʱһ貵⣬ǰƬպȥ
ʮλʮһս񼶱ǿ֣߳ʮһ½ڲ
ܿˡ
ȵҪֲˡ
ҶǳľҪǴԼϣ˲ͱɱˡ
ǰգȴǳһɫʯţסеĹ
ʯŹâ貣ģнɫҫкĵӿһУһС
˵ĹʯЧ
ԶʱĵһǿߣҶǳһĻ̾ѡ
ôֲȻ޷ݻʯţ⵽ʲô
ǵ𣿡˾
һĻ̫ˡ
ҲҵֵĹ
ϻ϶ǵͨǶҲͱˡ˵
Ⱥ۷׷ף𾪲ѡ
һ֮дһ󷨵һҩ԰ҹĿ
ȥһɫħ
ħ
˾
Ҷǳ۾һУĵ˵ˣȻĵ
ǵ󷨵һ˾̾һϣȻﵽɲزҩ԰֮УһȺСһǿûʲôջˡһ֮д
ȥʮǿǱߵġ
ëǰ׻峤
ǰΪ㿪ҩ԰ıҲǿػĵǺѻáе֮д
˵ôϻʲôȴҩ԰˵
ػ̫ǿλ֣ҵҲѴ򿪣һӣһЩǽȥҵ޷ȥġ
ҩ԰Ķûãʹһӣȥɡ

֮вϵش
Щ½ľͷֱӸǧɽˮ̸
ΧˣʮһǿڣҲ졣
Σ̸ڳʮǱ貵ĹâһŲɫʯŹȥ
һΣЩ½ľͷȻȫˣȥ֮ǰ˲֪ٱ
ǹǿϢڳ˶еѹ֡
·ݣս
Ҷǳ˶һʧ񣬵ȵǷӦʱ򣬶Ѿ̽ĺȥ
ҶǳһŲɫʯſȥ֮ʯ΢΢һ϶Ǻܴ͸Ŵ̱ǵҩ㣬Ũ
尡
굱չֳı壬Ҷǳˣ֮ǰ˽ȥ
޵һٶȵƣطӳˡ
ɵúãë̲סЦ
ߣһߴ
ҶǳȥˣмҲˣԼЩʮһǵս
󣬱ǺѹѹһȺޱ޼ʣߣųŷ֮С
ǵٶȶ꣬Ҷǳǵһҩ԰
ãǿռ󷨡
ʯ֮Ҷǳɫʱ䣬Ԫһڿռǳ񣬵һʱͷˡ
ϧѾ̫ˣֱӱռ˳ȥ
ëѩǣҲһʧ
ˣûпҶǳˣȻҲ֮ʧ
нˣһˡ
˽ʯŵʱ򣬶ЩͷĻ
ʯֻܼʮ꣬ʮ֮ǾҲˡ
˶߻ͷǵĻ䵽ҩ԰ء

ҩ԰֪ж󣬿߼ʡ
Ҳ̫ǳ綼ûʲô
ﵽһߴɽ壬ÿһɽ嶼ǿػţһƬʲô
ʱҶǳһɽ£ͷĹˣɨ˷ΧǸߴɽ壬߱סˡ
Ҷǳ̽Լһεѹˣֻ̽鵽Χ֮ڵ
ԲףӴҩ԰˵Ǹֵһᡣ
ԣҶǳʧ˷
ãǲɫʯžϣʱ뿪Ҷǳ̧ͷգһɫʯţǽһ
ȻڲǼųȥʱҪҵҩ԰еıԼʵ
֪ռ䷨ּûãҶǳóռ䷨ּʱһϢ˹ëǷġ
Ҷǳɫһϲռ䷨ּʹãϵëѯʵһû𣿡
ûСүҲ֪ﶼɽ壬Щɽ嶼һģүһʱˣľɫһģֱһԹëƵ
ҶǳԣҲͿշһ·ɽ壬Χľɫȫһģһ
ⲻԹǱԹҪ£ûһգ߲ȥ
ˣ㿴еĲɫʯţжķλҶǳһæϢë
ëܿͻѶûõģүѾˣɫʯŶҵϷ
Ҷǳ̧ͷһʱͫһ
ɫʯţϷ
ʲô
ȫ
󷨣
Ҷǳëͬʱ˵
󷨣ëƣս½󷨴ʦȻ֮ܳΪ½󷨴ʦҶǳҪǿˡ
ҩ԰һѾﵽ˳뻯ĵزһУںˡ
ë̾㿴һһһľȻȫ󷨣ǧ󷨣ںӴҩ԰ѹôǿһ޷״ҩ԰Ϊǵȫ󷨸ƽˡ
ˣоЩˣ˵˵ǸμϣҶǳ󷨲Сֻϣ˿ۼȻһȥѰ
ëҡͷҪϺѣõغΪһ壬޷;Ǻšǣƽ󷨣Ȼܡ
أǾܿõˡҶǳѶ
ëߵǰǶˣҲˣǼֱǱӡ
ҶǳЦص˵ͷ漴ѶȻˣҾȸжɣʲôΣգ޷ɹٷ죬Ԯ
⻰ˡ
ѩǶظˡ
Ҷǳռ䷨ּΧɽ
Ҷǳעʧˣɽ嶼һΨһͬıЩɽ󷨲ͬ
ǿ󷨣С󷨡
ȻǿԶԵģҶǳ󷨶Ǻǿ󣬲ô׺Ƶġ
ѡһԿҶǳƬ̣˾ϡ
Ȼ̽鵽ⷽԲǾȿⷽԲ֮ڵɽ壬һͻƣ̽Ѱһ


1155 ֲｻ̸
һˡ
Ҷǳ̧ͷǰһɽ壬֮̽£ⷽԲ֮ڣһɽϲõػ˵һЩ
俪ʲô
Ҷǳó񽣣׼󷨲ֻҲԭʼֱӵķ
ȻѶȻܶࡣ
ռ
Ҷǳ߾پ񽣣׼ǰ
ڴʱ춯
ţ٣ҶǳɫһɵֹͣʩչռæأΪӦеں
ৣ
Ҷǳأٶʱҩ԰ɫҲ˷ȥ
㷢ʲô𣿡Ҷǳʵ
Ҷǳֲܹͨｻ̸ֲɽʲô
ʲôֲｻ̸Ҷǳʱϲ̫ˣҩ԰طֲﰡ
Ȼɽ屻󷨸޷ЩֲﰡϾΪһ壬Ȼ֪һС
ˣҪ˷ʱˣɽĵرֻʺϾս񣬶ڵΪûʲô
漴
Ҷǳʱ˿ҺԼӵ٣ȻȵԼɵطȥȴıԼûôǷֲֺã˷ʱ䡣
Ҫֻ֪ܴʮ꣬ʮҴҶýʡʱ䣬ҵıԼʵ
٣ȻԺЩֲｻ̸ǣܹҵĿǰаĵر˵ҹȵȡҶǳæʵ
ټԼɫ٣ڸֲ﹵ͨΪֲеȼߵֲеߣЩֲﶼĻ
Ҷǳ״ɵипû뵽ôǳϡ٣λҩ԰Ҳû뵽ӵһʮһս񼶱
ٵİԼһξԻա
ҵˣҹ
ú̧һɫ٣ָһ
Ҷǳʱϲæٳȥ
ٵָ£Ҷǳһɽǰ
ӱ濴Щɽ嶼ûʲô𣬿ʲôһ
ָ㣬Ҷǳ뵽ǰͨɽҹ
˿ָ̣ǰɽ˵ҹ
˻·ˣҶǳϲû뵽Ŀҵҹ
ʲôҹ
ҹһҹһꡣ
ʲô
Ҷǳڵһ꣬Ҳ൱ȥһꡣ
ҹҹ൱ꡣ
еҶǳҲҪɹ߰ʱ䣬ڲ̵ĵʮꡣ
߰갡
ҶǳڲŶ󣿼ѡ
߰ꡭꡭ
ôʱ䣬ûбƾԼޣҲܹкܴ
Ҷǳʱ˷ˡ
ҹ൱߸ҹ㴴һĻ
ѵõĴԵ
ҵ츳ڵ꣬㹻ҵΪһСˡ
Ҷǳзǳ
мҹǿֱӳ嵽ʮһս񾳽磿
ʱʲô棬ʲô壬վ
Сߣһ֣俪
Ҷǳָǰ˵
ѾȲҪõҹˡ
¡¡
ҶǳӶ񽣣ǰ󷨹һƬ嫵ϯڴ˵𶯲ݡ
һߣҲˣһɫ٣ǰ̣߲ݵغǰػ󷨡
֣
ǰػ󷨺Ҷǳٺ˰죬Ҳֻǿ俪һ㡣
ûаʱ䣬Ǹ䲻ˡҶǳ˵
ûйʱ䣬ķѵ
ֻҪõҹֻǵõһҹ궼ֵõġ
¡¡
Ҷǳټ֡
ҹͷҶǳʮ㣬оۣһ߷ռһʩչӡԼսӵ¡
Ҳڼٹɫ٣ǵصĳ̶ݺݵغǰػϡ
ÿһȥػ󷨶ڼ
ºҶǳǰػ󷨱ˣ¶ɽ®ɽĿ
һƬ𺳵ҩ԰Ҷǳ
ʥҹ˻ȻôıҶǳķɹȥҩ԰һҩ۾Ӷɳˣϲ֡
ϸʥһҹ
ʥ뵱½ǻϹŴĵ֮УΪһЩʥӣô˶ƴ
Ҷǳժȡǰʥһп֮ɫ
꣬Ϊʮӣƴ
ڣȴ׾ٵصõʥ
ʥǧӡ
ϧⶫڵͼսã԰սϾûʲôˡҶǳҡҡͷЩź
ЩСǣѾﵽ˾ս񾳽磬òЩӡ
ȻҶǳҲɵӵҩ԰һЩͼĵرˡ
ϾòţԺҲ̵ĵӰ
ҶǳĴ֮У϶Ҫս½һЩѣѧԺˣӵ½
ʱЩӣЩͼĵرͿˡ
ҹ
Ҷǳĵر֮󣬱Ŀ⿴ҩ԰ʣµһҹ
ҹǳûҶӣͺͺĸϣֻ߸Ƕ䣬ֱǳȻɫ
˵ҹҹʱţ߸Ƕ䣬ֱ߸ҹš
Ҷǳ뵽
ֻҹŵʱ򣬲ժ»䣬
ھժûãֻĵر
߸ҹһգ۾͹ȥˡҶǳû⣬ֱϥ£ĵȴʱš
˿һս񡣡ʱٵ
ҶǳһЦ˵ȥץ
漴һ򵥵Ϣ󷨣ҹ
һپͻˣһɫϣŵˡ
Ǿս񼶱𣬵ʮһս񼶱ǰһ
Ҷǳ
һҶǳʱæĵҶֻһС͵Ҳڰɡ
ҶǳһЦؿħϢӦħˣս񣬺ǺǣӦħһλͨϣ԰ɡ
ҶæģȷħĳϣħͲڵжԹϵҶǳô¡
óһҿһҶǳ˵
ħĳһЦҶЦˣСжƷҵһ͵͸ˡ
óһƷҶǳ
㵱𣿡Ҷǳеľ񽣣׾پնƷؿȻûжǾȥɡ
ҶҸһҪϢҸղſһͷצ׷ɱæ˵
ҶǳмʲôϢҸûʲô顣
ͷצ˵ǸʶʲôС塣ħĳϼæ˵
ʲô
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ʱˡ


1156 ɱ
Ȼ׷ɱС壿
Ҷǳʱŭˣǰħϣ˵ң
Ȼ￴أԼץħϣָ·¸ȥ
ȻﳡһģһǴ˼Ȼٷ֣ȻǲԸصķʶ
ңҶǳһ߸·һ̽Բ֮ڣȫ֮С
¡¡
ȻҶǳܵһսĲ
ӿٶȣսķǰ
úҶǳ֮У̽ǰսˡ
һǷһС塣
СΪȻǿ˾սڣϾֻǰ벽𣬼˷ӡҲǷĶ֣ʱѾĻˡ
ңҵҿһһȻ֮ɫǰͷצ츳ͽˡ
ΣСҧƴսȼˡ
ߣ޴ҿֶܹãЦһ̧۷ӡСɱȥ
ڷӡ£ɵǿ߶ᣬοǷ
⣡ƣ
ʱһŭա
ʲôҶǳɫһ䣬̽ȥʱӦҶǳＫٷ
ৣ
һĽѾȹ˷ڡ
ʲôɫ䣬ľȻﵽ˵ΣǶȻܵĽһһʱûзӦʱҡ
Сûӳȥ
ͬʱҶǳӰҲ
С壬û°ɣҶǳСơ
û£ȼе㷴ɡСҡҡͷҶǳ˿֪Լûˡ
ȥһԣҶǳС˵ͷ漴ؿħɾʣһˣҽȥԱɡ
ԲѣҶǳΪܹӮңߵ
ȻɵҶǳҲҶǳϾҶǳҲĶӡ
Ҷǳǿ˶٣˵˵ʵࡣ
ǴӮ㣬ɱ㣡
Ҷǳ̤նֱһǷӡֲӡգ񷣬Яžܣڡ
ӡߣҲᣡ
һЦҲʩչӡҶǳķӡײȥ
Сһ
ҶǳһЦٿײķӡӲײ˷ķӡƲؼѹ
ʲô
ɫ䣬ͫһû뵽ҶǳķӡȻǿô࣬ôܣ
¡¡
޴ķӡѹ޿ɶܣ˶ըѪɡ
Ҷǳʤ׷һɱ񽣱貵Ľ⣬ҵĽâ˺ѵأ֮һͬ蹵һĽۡ
һ֮£̾ͱ룬Ҳ֮ΪѪ
ûȥڲԶ壬𾪵ؿҶǳ
ʵȻôǿˣܹµҶǳǿ󣬵Ҳû뵽ҶǳȻôǿ׾پʹݻ壬ֱ޷⡣
Ϊʲôϵ׵ԭѾʱ̭ˣУֻҶǳЦ
ɶ񣡡߳ŭֱȼȫʩչӡҶǳɱȥ
ףһֱĳ衣
ȥһ֮ɫɣӡ߶˼ޣҪҶǳ
̫ˣҶǳмһЦ۳Բķӡֲޱߵܣһδˡ
ܣʵôܱǿôࣿһ壬ŵصҶǳ
̫ǿˣ
Ҷǳĸо̫ǿˣֱƥУͬһɽ޷ʵǡ
ڶұǿö࣬ǺġҶǳ䳰
ɫ죬֮ǰмһˣڣʵòȴʵ
ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣµˡҶǳ̤նٴ۷ӡŷ
ͬʱҶǳϵʩչĽŷꡣ
ͷۣͻȻȫȼˣ¶ʡͷۡ
ͬһˣԴֱֻۡ
ͬʱóŴ󹭣Ҷǳ
䣡䣡䣡
һ˺գռ䣬˲͵ִҶǳǰ
ӡҶǳ۳ӡԼǰ
¡¡
ӡˣҲˡ
ԶķһѾǿһˣѾûٷڶιȻ˲Ҷǳһë
ϧҲ˶ѡ
ҶǳЦһٶ۷ӡ䱬
һΣֻʣ²л꣬嶼ҶǳĽˡ
һһҩ԰Ҳ֪ж䣿Ҳÿʵ׷ͼǡ
Ҷǳնɱ֮󣬽ϵƷҲ֮ǰ׸ǼһεС
Ҳ֪ҶǳʱǷ뵽Լһ죿
С壬ߣҶǳСȥص
ڸ·ħϣѾˡ
ûдӦԷһֻùˡ

ڿҹҩ԰ǳټԹһĻãҵõ
ңҶǳҲ˻ҵҹ
Ͼ˵УܹٵģҲָ˫֮
ҹ˵еҶ磬Ҳ̫˰ɡС忴ҹǳ𾪡
ҶǳЦ˵ʲôٿԸֲｻҲ֪ɽʲô
ʲôԸֲｻ˵ɽڵıǶǰ֪Сʱϲ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦ˵ԣ㰲ĵţһһջḻ
ϧǲ֪ȻһжǾ͸ˡС˵
Ҷǳ̫̾ˣһģһҪҵ̫ˣҲã㡣
ǰС˵ͷ
ʱ仺š
ϣҹˡ
Ҷǳæժһ䣬ϥҽ״̬
ٺС
ʵҲҪΪһϹȥҶǳ۾
һϵʱ䣬ҶǳĿ֮УȴѾ͸һɲɣһ㡣
һϾһֱ꣬󰡣ҶǳԼԼΪ˲١
ǺǣǴ˵еȻͬСɡСЦ˵
ûʲôоΪҶǳֻǱչһ϶ѣһգ۾͹ȥˡ

ϣҶǳҹ
Ϊڴʮսڽʮսڣõ˾޴
սҲ֮
ֻҪһСΣΪ棬׷ƽͼˡҶǳš
ΪԼһ棬ٿԱ֤Լܡ


1157 
ߣȥһط
ҶǳС壬һ򣬱·
;УҲûţɫ٣ѯΧֲΧɽ
ҹֱȻ٣ҩ԰Ҳ࣬Ҷǳûҵڶҹ
ȻҲûջҵһЩһȵıСΪʮս񾳽磬ʵ
⣬ȼĵرǶ಻ʤ
ٵİ£ջܴ
ΪѯֲҶǳ׼ȷ֪ÿһɽڵҵıǶԼΪаˡ
ë֪ٵ֮󣬶ǳļ˷ܡ
ҶСӣһЩȳȥǾͿˡëڿռ䷨ּﴫѶ
үģʲôطϡеҵҶǳ
ҶǳСѰұ
Ҳ˻ϣΪɽ嶼󷨣һ˵ÿ󶼺ܼѣҺܺķʱ䡣
ëڣһٶȾͿˡ
ѽҶģŮˣٶȴѶ
Ҷǳ˷ۣѶ˵ʲô
ѩѩˣоӣһ𡣡괫Ѷ
ҶǳʱȻ֮ǰѩ͸Ѷˣ˵Ǹӻˣû뵽ˡ
Ҷǳ׷ˣнڣټѩʵǾ棬ʹ򲻹ҲܹˣԱˡ
ԲۣʲôƨүڶһˣñүĵģɳȡëѶ
ҲһˡҲѶ
ëʱϲԵְ
ԵүͻȻһͲ˵ˣһܻػѶ£ëѻ죬ʸղˣҿʹȼټһԹŽӹһ١
ǿԵġЦ
ëѶȼүղſһ׳ȼųĺβͣŵʶѵ㣿
쵰Ǿʡæ
ëѶүˣܡȵȣҿˡ
һëѶϢ˵ǻˡ
ҶǳԴ˺ܸˣЩ˱˴˻ϣȫԾʹˣ˿
ҹ
ʱٴһϢҶǳˡ
һҹҪʮս۷壬ƽˣ
ҶǳЦһ漴ѶëǣϢ
ݲݲݣ쵰̫ˣϽǻͰһĽʺޡ
ҶСӣүһҪҵ㡣ëҲżˡ
Ҷǳڣұһ׼ͷӬǿˡ
ܷͿǵˡҶǳЦһ漴ѶҪչҹˣǼŬѾԤϵúҽҪ̤ʮһս񾳽硣
쵰ĽǴүˡܻ
ëҲһʣүģһҪҵ㣬ȵȣСӵķ˲Ǳүģүķ˲ıԴֻҪүķһ㱾Դ֮ͨ˲֮ϵҵλá
飿Ҷǳȵ
ëǲһطСӵţүϾˡ
Ҷǳùʼ١Сһ󣬹ǰɽ塣
ʱһȥǺķʱ䣬ûнǰɽ󷨸ơ
浽мҹôػôҶǳ𾪵
ҡͷĲֲֻﻹм䱣棬˵ҩ԰ֲҹ
ѯɽֲ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ҡͷڸˣԹͨ
ˣɣػ˵治ֹһҹҶǳ˰֣漴һڴ֮ɫ
أ
ȻҶǳɫһϲԶ
֮У˴ˣϹ
ë
ȻҵˡҶǳЩȣֻͨ˲ҵֶλ
ҶСӣˡëԶʹе
ʲô𣿡Ҷǳڹһɽ壬ʱµʲôһ˷֮ɫ
ҶǳǣЦ˵ãɽػ̫ǿˣҶˣûнƿԣҶ϶治ֹһҹ
ǻʲôϽ󰡣ѵȱëʱˣʼоǰɽػ󷨡
ǼĸҶǳһ
ǵûʹöã㱻ëˡ
ˣˣ󷨰׳գүķԸ﹥һ죬ٵ﹥
ëָҶǳǡ
󷨣ëǺоģս½ʦ½֮Ҳûз󷨣Ϊɺܸߡ
ϣҶǳëķԸʼָһ𹥻
ȻǵĹ£ǰɽػ󷨱ٶЩˡ
ձүĹƣ໹а£ƵػˡëЦһڴ֮ɫ
ҶǳҲڴѣ׷׳
ëƵĺ׼ȷºǰɽػڱǻˡ
һƬڵҩ԰ʱҶǳǵ
ԲۣǷˣȻҹһ԰ëɴ۾˷ܣĻֱ˹ȥ
ҲѸٷ˹ȥһĵر𾪵ܹǵΪа
ҶǳҲط˹һߴǰĵرһ߶ë˵̾ˣϽ󣬽Ϣڸǣⱻ·˷֡
˵ĲһҪڸĵر˵ҹ޷ֲֻܾ͵صֻæ˵
ë˵ͷʱȥ󷨣ɽػ
ټΧǻ
ҶǳЦ˵ĸˣҹһһ꣬ʣµһˡ
ţû⣬СӾʵ´ɳȣܺݺݽѵһˡëЩȲˡ
ûκЩҶǳֵģοҶǳҶǳָܹһҹѾǰԼˡ
ܿ죬ҹ٣ҹš
ҶǳǿʼժȡԼʵ
ҹһת۹ȥˣëһҹ֮ǵΪʮսڽʮսڡ
Ҷǳɱʮսھ磬֮ЩƵ˵ΪԽԽˣʱ䣬ȻûͻһΣʮսھ硣
ҶСӣǻһҹ𣿵ȽΪ϶Խ׵ʮս۷磬ɳƽëЦ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ͻȻһȵؿԱ߱չصС壬һǿϢСϱ
𣡡Ҳ¶֮ɫ


1158 ΧŹԽ
ʱСΪѾʮսڣҴϱϢǾԲǰ벽𣬶ˡ
û뵽СΡëһ˵
ҶǳЦһתΣǱǱޱչ꣬Ȼˡ
ǵŶӣֶһˣھͲǰ׳ˡëЦ
һ԰࣬ҶǳϷԣȻҪˣǼһŶӡ
뿴ŶҶǳëС塣ѩеʵﵽʮһս񾳽磬ͬԺ𿹺⡣
൱һŶӣλ𰡡
ҪǸ֪Ի½
໡
СȻ۾͵һХйŽϲá
ڲˣڽΣҶǳëһˡ
ˣˣлˣСİ˸ˡëЦ
ҶǳͻȻɫһ䣬İ˸ˡ
ë
С塣
̲סëѻ죬˵ʲôʲô
үģҲ̫ˡëԵЩ߳ŭʵ˭ˣ˭ôˣ˭ˣҪ趼ʶ
һˣǶʶҶǳһЦӷɸߡ
䣡
ڴʱһֲĽ⣬˺ëõ󷨣ɽ˽
Ǵ洫ģػҲ̫ˣ϶˲õģҪڸ𣿡
һŽһ˽
үëһʩչӡסĽ⡣
ǣɱɳȥȻûˣҲԵúǱ
Сģʮһս񡣡ëɫһ䡣
ʮսڣܹһɣ϶ʮһս񣬶һеǿߣǸҪ
Ҷǳ˵ǰԽߣ
δ䣬ԽߵӰѾɽϿգҶǳͫ΢΢һ漴ͿҶǳҹ
ҹ
Խһ漴¶ϲ֮ɫ
үǶ̫ˣȻһҹԽߴЦ
ë̵ϼһҪϣҹǷֵģɲġ
ߣһֻҲǰǲһ˵ࡣ
ԽƳëһۣмһЦ
ҶǳߵҶǳԩ·խһö㶯֣ٺ٣ڡ
ϻ쵰Сү챾үʶһǲ˵ëԽ߸ŭˣٶʩչӡȫ߶ŰԽѽ
ԲķӡԽ߿ë۳ķӡƣɵɫһиһĨɡ
ҲŽӡɾ磬ǰСȻѾѷӡԲ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣΪ˶ǲ̽
ӡ
Խ
ëͰԽͬʱ֣˴˺ײľ춯ء
ԣԽ߻ռϷģϾԽߵʵǿΪҲ
ɱ
ëаԽߣҲȥëһΧԽߡ
ţһʲôʱɴײˣԽ߸ܵһҲëƣʱԾѡ
漴ӳԾˡ
ΪСҲͬεĿֲ츳ǿȻëҲСԽӭսʮһս
٣֣
ҶǳŰеս˵Խߣãڣ׼ȥͽһ۰ɡ
ԲѣԽ߼Цһ漴ЦˣΪɫ٣Χˡ
ëСλٵ֮£İԽǱѡ
ҪҶǳ֣Խ߾ѾˣǵĶ֡
ʮһս񼶱û뵽Сصô´һɱ㡣ԽԽԽľҧгݵصҶǳһۣ׼ˡ
ৣ
һĽʱعְԽߵڣ
ʲôԽ߾ֵؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦҪߣȻ㶼ˣǾͲҪˣļա
ƴˣԽ߷ˣƵ˼ޣȼǰδеǿս
ɱ
Խ죡
ԽߴսӿޱߵİϯֲĽڻۣһƥĽâ˺գ
һȥɫٷ飬Խֱӳ˳ëСһѪɡ
ӡʮħ٣ɱһ۷ӡһʮħ٣ʮǿսͬʱ˳ֲܡ
УԿõһ޴ḥ̂ټһ޴ӡԽǰ··ˡ
ҹԽߴһնḥ̂ҲһǷӡëķӡˡ
ò˵ȼ֮սǳĿֲʮһս֮Уˡ
Ϊ˿̿¶аԽߡ
Խȼ˶á
ëǿԽ߽ˡ
ԽߣҪսˡ
Ҷǳ֪ԽҪͻΧˣڶֻ֣͵رһݺݵ
䣡
Խ߾ٽ⣬Ҷǳľײһ𣬱졣
ۣȻԽɫһ䡣
ϵȻӶҶǳһѪ
һУԽҧгݵŭҶǳ
ڸղţҶǳĽɱڣꡣ
ʱ򣬰ԽȻ壬ǸղҶǳȫɱ˼ڹ˼ꡣ
ңȼȻӵֵסĽĹ
ԽߣˡҶǳЦһֳֽһ۳ӡŰԽɱ
ߣ
ԽһҲʩչӡҶǳȥ
漴Խ߱תӡ
ǰ׳գ֪ԼҶǳĶ֣ټΧëǻȻսǴΪ
ðԽߣ̵ĸҲĶӰëЦ
ͬʱһС壬סԽߵ·

Խ߱ëĻŭټȷʵҪͻΧһݣֱɱëҪնɱëͻΧ
ӡ
ӡ
ӡ
ëСˣͬʱʩչӡ޴ӡںһ𣬱˵ΰ
¡¡
ںϺľ޴ӡһ̫ɽŰԽײƥ
ҹԽչַ֮⣬ŭһҲȫ߶ӡŶ˺ȥ
ৣ
ڴʱĽɱ˰Խڣ
Խ߱һĴֲ̲סһѪķӡܶࡣ


1159 Խ
Խ߱ҶǳĽش꣬˶ʹȥķӡļˡ
ëС˵ķӡȴ˴ںһ𣬱ǿס˰Խߵķӡ
֮䣬ӿڣ˷ϯء
Խɫһ䣬͵һԭµӰæٺˣӿĿֲ
һͣ٣ٵɫٱ˹ǵصģԽߵ·ȫŰΧ
ɶ񣡡
ʮһս񼶱
Խɫ䣬֪ѲҺѽɱһסҪˡ
ɱ
Խߴһ
֪ԼҪƴˣΪȼʱƵģʱӳˣͻܵɣʵ
ʱͱˡ
ԣȼʵԼȫսޣȫԸɱٵɫ٣ŻҪٵİΧѳȥ
ǣҶǳӳȥĻ
Ȼܣ
ɱ
Ҷǳһһֳž񽣣һŷӡ˫˫ŰԽɱ
貵Ľâ˺Ѳռ䣬նز񷣬ռĽ⡣
ֲӡͬһ̫žɽɽаħ˻캳أϯ硣
˿ֲĹðԽɫ䣬æٺˣٵɫ٣е·
Խ֮£ֻתӭҶǳҵս˶˵ķӡϵײţɢһֲΧĿռ䡣
СӵʵȻôǿ
һս֮ҶǳʵðԽ߸е𾪲ѡ
ܹóҶǳֻʮս񾳽磬ȴӳ˸ʵֱ˲š
Խ߲ûмεţҶǳĿֲ츳ֻϸܵ
һ棬һǼ塣
ʥĴˣǵ츳Խͨ𣬴ﵽһߵĲΡ
ҶǳȻźһǿ츳
Խ𾪲ѡ
ǿʥ
ʥأжӴԴŵָ㣬ܹͼĳš
ǣҶǳûĻȻҲܹĵزðԽ߸е˼顣
ɱ
ɵϼһ
ڰԽҶǳʵʱ
ëС壬˷׷ɱ˹
ǺҶǳһǰһΧԽߣðԽߵ
һʱ䣬Խ߾Ȼ˾
ɺް
ҰԽߣõĲ̸ȻǼСΧǻƽȮۡ
Խ
ǳĲģ첻
ʮһǵսվ½۷壬ȴ뱻С˾
Īĳ谡
ԽߣԼȼյ˼ޣֲʩչŷӡǺɱȥ
ȻѾˣ֪ԼӲ׼ǰ˵汳
СģϼһҪƴˣë
ҶǳҲǣСĽⱻԽ˵汳
ڵֻҪټһԽ߾ͻɡ
ͬʱҶǳٳǰ棬ɫ٣Խ߰ΧУŰԽߵ
ȫȥҪɱңҲҪҸصĴۣȼյޣԽ߳׷ˡ
ҶǳǶСĽֹԽԱͬھ
ٳǰ棬ҶǳǼ˰ԽߵĻĻҶǳǿ϶ˡ
ɶ񡪡
Խĵķŭ
ҶǳǷǳСĽûǵĵ汳ܲġ
㻹ǵ汳ֱǳ˵Σ㻹ԼȥµɡëЦ
ԽɫĿҶǳǲ̵ĸɱңһ֪ˣһŹǵġ
ߣ֪֮ǰǶֵʱôǵҲǲ̵ĵӣҶǳһ֮ɫ
ԽߵɫһһףҧҶǳ㲻Ҫɱʦųǲ̵ĴɡҲҪɣϳһΪȰ㻹ǹԹԷҡ
ֻҪû֪˭Ϊɱ㣿ҶǳһЦ֮ɫ֮飬ԲķӡϵغŰԽߡ
һߣٺëСǣҲϵؽйԽ߱Ƶ
ھóռ䷨ּ߽Խߴ
ëЦռ䷨ֻּܴϢֲܴݻ棬Ϊ˵ʲôͻ𣿡
Ҷǳ˵ҩ԰󷨸һУɱ㣬û˻֪ġ
Ҷǳ㵱Ҫ˺Խ߳ŭغǲ̵ĸʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣˣʵġ
Ҷǳ˵ڣԲĿȱߵС壬Ҫ˶ãҲᳬԽ㡣ԣĵɣǲֻԽԽǿ󣬲
㡭ԽߺݺݵصҶǳ֪ԼˣҶǳǴⲻҪŹˡ
ȥɣôϻëһŷӡŰԽߺ
СҲ׷׳֣ϵغŰԽߡ
ҶǳǺ飬ӡ߶˼£İԽѪɡ
ɫ٣ٵĲٿ£Խ߸ס
Ǹȥɡ
Խ߷ԼȼҪﵽˣһݣԱˡ
䡭
ʮһս񼶱ǿԱ˲䱬ֲ̫ˣһƬкƷ˾졣
ҶǳëȻ׼ǰˣɱըǣǵ嶼ܵ˲ƣϳһ˿˿ѷ졣
٣ΪҪסԽߣǶԿ˰ԽߵԱܵ࣬ɫٶը˸ϡá
û°ɣ
Ҷǳëǣʵ
ëָ壬ҡҡͷЦû£ٸˣο»ᱻˡ
ǰʮһս񼶱ǿԱʵֲ̫ˣҪڱըģ˲ͻᱻըҲһ¡
С忴ǰըϡõɫ٣һǵҶ磬ٲ𣿡
Ҷǳ΢΢Цû£һܹܵĴڡ
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Ҳһ￴ûʲôţǿֲëһ̾
Цǰ׸ˣҹʮһս񼶱ǿԱδܹɱ
ҶǳЦ֪ľղŰԽԱʱٵѾԶ˵أһƶûС
Щɫ٣ֻٵĸʱԳȫݻˣҲıɶ˺
ͺϵë㱻ݻˣҲ˲˵ı塣
ҶСӣԽԱĶ̫󣬱үĺܿͻ˹̽㻹ǸϽҹɡë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ


1160 ԩ·խ
ҹõ꣬ʣһꡣ
Ҷǳ˿̾һҹԱߣȴźҹ١
Ѿﵽʮս۷壬ֻҪһҹܽʮս۷徳硣
ʱΪͺ桢һˡ
ͼҲҩ԰ҲпܵõΪ
ҵþ콫Ϊʮһս񾳽磬޾ǡҶǳ뵽
ٹֲͨҶǳռģԻҵıҪöࡣ
Ҷ磬ҸղŸܵо޴һλʮһս񼶱ǿԱӦ𣿡
ҶǳȻԼĿռ䷨ּһʱ֪ѩѶϢ
ëҲԴչˣĿһɨʱϲûᰡȻѩѾͷ˰ԽԱĶ˵ǾǸֱǹˡ
ҶǳüһǷֵĲǰԽߵԱԭأ
СӣڵʲôнǼһڣ򲻹ӵõοѩѾͷһʵ֮ǿڽ֮£֣棬ҲܹȫˡëЦ˵
Ҷǳеǵ˵ͷ˵ðɣǹ
ʼѩǷϢ
ѩյϢ֮󣬶ʱһϲϾͳŰԽԱķϹ
ͬʱһЩˣҲڳҶǳڵķϹ
ϾԽԱĶ̫ˣȻҲ˺ܶǿߵע⡣
ҶǳԴ˲ģҩ԰ôЩǿ߼ϹҲҪһʱ䡣
ֻҪʱ䣬ܽǰҹˡ
ʱ䣬תۼš
ëڴĿУҶǳ۾һǿƴϯȥ˻ġ
ʮս۷徳磡
ë۾һʱҶǳ˿̵ΪɵùЦ
¿ǼһﻹŲ
ëѾȲҪ汨ѩˡ
ʵǿʹ÷ʽκβڣѾ˺濹ʵҶǳЦ˵
ë˵ֻҪڣǳҵıΪᳬԽˣȳҩ԰һǵĶ֡
ǵǣҶǳЦŵͷٵѰѾ֤ʵˣԺʡ
ڴ˵صȽǹ𣿡Աʵ
ë˵ͷЦȻˣûϣȻһȥѰΪҩ԰֮УȡŶӵгԱﵽʮһս񾳽磬һŶӣܺɨ½ˣЩͷ⡣
˻㻹룡ë뷨ˡ
ҶǳҲ𾪡
ŶĶǰ벽𣬴һȫʮһսôÿһ˵ʵᳬԽΪʮһսжεġ
ôһŶǾǿʮս񼶱ǿҲ⣬˵Ժɨ½ٳưһǾûˡ
ţ
ȻҶǳüͷһ壬Сģˡ
ëЦѩ𣿡
ҶǳҡͷǣѩǵϢеϤҷǳǿ󡭡
ʱëҲӦˡ
ȷеϤëո˵꣬۾ʱһɡ
ͬʱҶǳĿҲ΢΢һ˼ͬ⣡棡
ëҧгݵԩ·խãҲˡ
ЦʱǿԱˣԺ󻹸Ҳš
ӦҲǱԽԱĶġ
Ҷǳ˵գëǶСĵ㣬߸һǿϢӦĳϣʮһս񼶱ǿߡ
ëмΣڵʵǲʮһս񼶱ǿѷɫ
Ҳǣһš
ﵽʮս֮ǵ츳Ѿаպʮһս񼶱ǿһսˡ
ҪǣҶǳѾﵽʮս۷徳磬ʵ֮ѷɫˡ
С壬Ҳʵ
׼ӭս
ëЦǸһݺݵĽѵɱҲҪԱߵϡ
Ӧû⡣Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
ʵ̫ǿɱЩѶȣϾʹ򲻹ҲܹߣߵϣʵҲ͸Խ߲࣬ȫԽնɱ
䣡
˼֮ʣĳѾϹˡ
濴Ҷǳһ˲䣬ʱɱҲ¶ЦݣɰȻǣүҲŹǰҿǻôӣ
ԱߵɫĮȻؿҶǳˣ˵̵ĵӣǾֱ˰ɣ˵̻ʥأǳ룬øһѵˡ
ʼնûаҶǳǷ·ǿҶǳѾûʲôֱˡ
һﻹǿߵ
ëЦɱɣûʲô˵ˣ첻һˣҷ˧־͵д
ֵдһЩ٩
ë
һ㶼ûаԼ˷϶һ䣬Ŀеɱʵˡ
Сͷҷϧ
ȳ֣Ʋһֻһ̧ƣëȥ
ûж֣ȴҶǳΪ֪֮оҶǳ˸һӦ
䣡
ϵʵǳǿֻһŲҲľ̤ǳ
ֲ˲䱬ƳصĻɽ緢춯ء
һŷǳֲضˣ飬һƬ硣
ϼһֱëһֱչǿս߶ԲķӡͶǰĳϺȥ
¡¡
޴ӡǳֲ̩ͬɽѹ˫
Զɫһ䣬æѵСġ
ɣ
һߵСҲ̳֣Ƕʩչӡȫǰϡ
˶ȫԸԶǿսһš
ȻԶ
ϾֵĿУֱֻӱñˣëķӡ̫ǿˡ
СĹҲǴλѪɣ϶ѷ죬
ʲô
濴һĻɫ䣬г˲ţΪϵļˣȻôǿˡ
ȭ
λϸ÷ŭԼΪ̫ˣűԷץסᡣ
ԣ֮ʩչʮǿսȭëǺɱҪһѩǰܡ
úãëЦһСٶӭȥλɱ
塢ˡ룬ʮǿޣһֵ̫ǿˣ涼ЩȣǰϽڽڰˡ
˼û뵽ֻϾȻҲɳֵزǽҪĻΧ¶ȶ
һǿƣҶǳȹȥ


1161 ȱ
ĳϱëǴýڽڰˣڰ಻סˣǿƴϯȥ
ͬһɽӳ֮б
ǿӿʮأʹƬնڱ
ҶǳŬҵǶֻһȺϡ㰴ָܽ˵
ңĸж
̧һֻƣǰգҶǳһ͵İѹ
䣡
֮У壬᲻ɴݡ
ǿӿȣⷽضڲ̺ս
ǿƵһĻҶǳǳУеľ񽣳𣬴һƬѤĽ⣬硣
пֲĽ⼤ȥƴƥĽâ˺աһᴩơ
¡¡
Ƭش׿ˡ
Ŀռ飬ǿڵŰ
¶֮ɫû뵽ҶǳʵҲﵽһ
СҶǳһ̤˳ȥ˲ͳҶǳǰȻһȭɱһǰ˫
ռȭ
Ҷǳ޵ȭӡ˳ȥϺη֮ɫսƶ۷״̬
һȭȥ˵嶼϶Ϊһ캳صĿֲ
Цһȭɲ䣬ֻ˶ȭͷ⣬пֲš
һȭѿ񷣬ѹ
¡¡
Ҷǳȫֵ伤Ҳɱһȭһȭľ춯ء
ͷαÿһײȭȭ⣬ǿǷӵһɡ
࣬ȴӳ˿ʮǿ޵ֱ˿Ĳ˼飬ޱ𺳡
Ȼǿҿ⣬ӦǴﵽѪĴԲ硣Ц
ʱѾҶǳΪһʮս۷徳磬ѾͬһΣԵĹƽһս
û⣬ͬһսҲкɨһжֵ޵ġ
οҶǳ°ܽ
Ļƽʥ壬ѷһҶǳһЦռȭӡ֮Уʹȭͬһâ
ǼˣҲ˵õ棬ɼжôǿ󡣾ǳԽѪԲ磬ﵽһߵĲΡ
սȷʸڶ٣½𣬵ȷûһǿ󡣡
Ȼ˵
Ȼڿ佱Ҷǳʵ˵ѾԽΡ
ȷ԰ıǮΪʵĺǿ
ȭĳ뻯磬ÿһȭȫ캳ء
䣡
貵ȭ磬޵еȭƵƬ֮УֲȭƽҶǳȫ֡
ĺǿȭӡȭӡģһһģһСϥ財
һȭɱʱ򣬽С͵۾貵˺ޣޱߵĺڰٳͳ˻ġ
ǡ
ҶǳһȭѪɳȥǿ嶼Ѻۣǿȭˡ
ҵĵ
һЦ㼴ѷӡԲ磬Ҳ޷ӳʮǿսΪϾԴġҲͬȭȻԴģѾԼĵȭ֮УʹʮǿսΪԼĶȻǿ
ԭһսԲ֮ҪԼĵս֮УȷǶˡҶǳȻ
ѹֶȭȭȴӵȭǿࡣ
ԶϣȭȲȭǿ
ҶǳһξһͬĶ֣ܶԷǷԼĵˣǶԷʵȷܾ塣
һҶǳ˫ӡһô˵¶ȼߡ
ҶǳҪʩչʽˡ
ǿ󣬳ԤϣΨзʽ֮⡣
𣿡棬Ҷǳ˫֮չֳһɫҲˡ
ҴϢܹں϶˴˵еķʽֻǣ֪Ѿʽ˵ڼʽ
浭˵ɫ򶨣Լš
ǣҶǳ֮ɫڱˡ
ôܣͫһЩţʲôʱôֵǮˣ
ǿ𰡣һ޶УȻҶǳ𣬼ֱ˲š
ʽķʽͽ̡Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˫˳ȥһѤĩʱȥ
գɫâ貣һֲţƴоľ캣ХûƬء
ɫޱأܹܵЩ֮У̺޾ɱ
ţ䣬·һˡ
ֿµս𺳣ѹôûսѹսҺųʮǿսеһ
ȭһȭӡ
һһʹ˫ֳȭһϰȭЩȭӡںһһ̫ɽŶĩӭȥ
¡¡
һƬڣղϵر顣
ԶԶȥһ仨꣬һȭӡ֮вϵײţɱ
µͬ嫺֮ϯľˣû硣
ҶǳӰҲûˡ

ͬʱ
һߣëСˡ
ѾϴѪڹؼʱɱ˽У޷ѡ
ʣλϵİֻʱ⡣
ëǵĹ֮£ټٵİ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䡣
ֵǣټӰϼһµȥǻҪȥҶСأëЦ
Цİɣϼһֲ˶ˣѾǭ¿;ĩ·ɡ
ɱһλĳϣ˼Сһ˷֮ɫ͸ñϲ֮顣
Ҫ֪콾Ϊӿɲù
ˣС˷ǳʹޡ
ЩϣΪܹɱϷ޴֮һЦ֮
ëһͷҴԲѡ
ǡϴһ
гһɫħֲ̣ܣǰк֮ͬˮûǿա
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ɫħ̣̫ǿˣ赲ǰɫ٣ݻٵĸɸɾ
ͣëҲǴѪһǵɳȥԵúǱ
ȱ
ëɴ۾š
ֳֺɫĥշѹЦе۹⣬ȷһȱĵ
ëɫһ䣬󣬼ǲȱĵҲմˡ֣ͬԽ˶
ȱ֮£Ҳǵҡϴ߶ɫĥɱëˡ
ڴʱһɫӴӰһ磬˲Ͽգצݺݵץϡ
꣡
ëۼ⣬˵ݣʱϲ


1162 
ϼһôţЦ
ﵽʮһս񾳽չֳǽһĵһٶȡ
ͬ˲һĿֲٶȣϻûзӦͱһצ˺ţʱѪɽɳȥ
磬ǿǱ֮󣬻ë˳Ц
ëŭ׳գϼһвȱ㶯֣һ
ȱʲôѩϽѾġ겻мһЦϹѩ˵
ѩһɫȨȣƸ߹ŮӶȨȣʱһƬɫɨ˳ȥ
ͣ
ٴαѪɡ
ĵôܣţ۾ɵϴ
һСѾͷȻһҪǴ˳ȥ½Ҫ𶯵ġ
ϾҲֻЩͷʸŵ
ѩѾͷɵúãëЦͬʱָ壬ٶɱϡ
ꡢС壬ѩһΧȥ
ǲеĲȱˣΪѩеɫȨһĵ
ɶбһһ˶࣬ʲô£ϱĲѪߵŭ
ӵһȱʵԺǿȰԽ߶Ҫǿ
ǰЩ̫ˣһʮһս񣬻һѲ٣ֶһֳСѾͷ
ѩʵһЩѩһ˾ܽɱˡ
ΪǴ̨һһү۸٣ҧҰëЦ
Ѫ
䣡
ѩеɫȨȺɨһƬɫĹкȥƬضˡ
ҲˣӶٵɫٸסˣ޿ӡ

ë۾һȻŹĺʱкһʩչӡϡ
أ
ֱӱˡ
Զ󣬸˵ʲôݻֱתߡ
ӭǵصɫ٣·ˣһʱ޷ѡ
ȵϺòװ֮ѩѾɱˣһνˡ
̫壬ŭԼίǿȴһȺС۸
أë֣һδϡ
ûƢˣ֮󣬱ߡ
ٺѩڣӲߡ
ĽλԱˣԱٵסˣ˶ԶԶģûˡ
ߣȥ֧ҶСӣëϵĺɫḥ̂һЦѩǣͳҶǳǱߵսȥ

ҶǳߺԽԽˣŷʽڵסȭҲֻǿƽ֡
˫ɱ˴˶Ѿˡ
ҶǳҪһЩϵȭӡѪԵúǱ
棬Ǳյһһ죬ͷյýˣһζ
ɴ˿ɼ˵սжôҡ
ʽȷһе̫ˣҿ㵽ֶܹáЦ
ӵлƽʥ壬ǿޱȣս־ãܹ۷״̬
ҶǳŲϵطʽҶǳʵѾˡ
ǺǣڵˡҶǳϷŰһЦ漴ʩչӡ¼Լؿڡ
䣡
һɰʱҶǳ֮ӿҶǳġ
Ҷǳ֮УĳʬɱȥʧȥΪһҡ
ȻЩЩʬģڱҶǳˣġ
䣡
һǿƣʱҶǳϯ
̶˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷǳͻָ۷״̬ٴδʽƴɱ
ʲôȻԲģʱʱ̴̿۷״̬˴˵еʮǿսӡɫһ
һУҶǳͲõˣԾʩչʽ
ģȴԽԽνˡ
ǳӡû뵽㾹ȻҲ֪ĴˣȻǼʶ㡣ҶǳһЦ߶ĩɱ
ųһ档
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ҶǳȼѪʩչĩɱ
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ͣ
Ҷǳһƴ֮£ѪɳȥǿĻƽʥϣҲѷ죬ȻǱҶǳıˡ
ܺã
ǵѪҺϽһеѷʱʧˣһɰѪ¯ȼվ죬ư磬ǧ硣
⻹ǵһ˰ұƵزò˵ѾʸҵĶˡ
˫ųĿ⣬磬Ʋ񷣬ɱҶǳ
أҶǳһȭȥռȭⱬµȭӡ˼硣
ڴʱüĴȻѿһ϶һֻɫ۾üģҶǳһ貵Ľɫ
ۣ
ҶǳȻ뵽˵ٸһЩϢ˵Ǵ˲ӵǿĻƽʥ壬ǿۣʵŻǿ
۴˵ÿ˶ӵУܹ޼Ψǿ츳ˣܿۡ
˵۾Կ͸һԿ͸ս͹ıʡµǣлһе׷ļ¡
ҵ֮£ҲңһЦüĵĽɫޱ貣Ҷǳ˶ˡ
ۣҶǳѪɳȥǵɫ̫ˣ޷
ңɫĹ̫ǿˣӵлһе˲
顪ӡ
ҶǳѸ壬ȻʩչӡԼָ۷״̬
ûõģʵ̫Իָ۷״̬ɲҵĶ֡һЦɱ
üĵĽɫٶȿһ貵ĽɫҶǳɱ
Ҷǳɫһ䡣
ڴʱһɫԺƵҶǳס˽ɫϮ
ѩҶǳϲؿȥѩһˣѾǸϡ
أû뵽ѩԵסۣ΢΢һ
ѩеɫȨȺ󣬶ʱȻ򣺡ԭһֻֱɳǽҰɡ
˵գһ̤ѩɱ
һϣ쵰ëһȫӡ档
С塢ӡ꣬٣һ֣һǿĹ档


1163 Ե
һȺϣҲԣֱһм֮ɫ
ë˵ֵ£ӡ֮У⼸˱Ҷǳ̫ԶˣҲӲ
ΨѩеĵевҲ˶ѡ
ѩʵ̫ˣӲҪҶǳʵһ˾ܽˡ
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ΪѾȼʹʵǿࡣ
ôƴЦһҲȼԼʵŷӡݺݵغ档
С塢Ҳһѧһˡ
ɫٴˣȺ˶ǷӣȻֱȼʵ̫ˡ
ȭһȭӡ
˫ȭϵػӳնǿȭӡ赲ë˵Χ
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ĺǿӢΰӿȵֲѪգء
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ͬŭն÷飬µϯȥë˶׷Ѫˡ
Щǿķӡһȭȭ飬ǿ˺Ȼɫ䡣
һ̫̬ˣëҲ𾪲ѣڳһѾԽǸΡ
ʮ
ѩ߶ɫ֮ɱɫȨȣµĵϢͷųⷽصڱɢȥ
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ʽ
潫¯ӭѩеʱҶǳѾɱ˹ʩչʽĺ󱳡

ʱŭӣڳ˱Χıʵǿ޾ڳκˡ
ǣҶǳǵʵҲЩ޷Ӧˡ
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Ѫɳȥ
ܵסѩеĵȴ޷ֵסҶǳķʽѪ
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ҶǳʱʩչӡëǻָëǸõȼķɡ
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Ҷǳһŷӡһִ߶ʽɱ
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ˣеǿߣ²Ҳӵһ
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ס֣ǾΧˣʲô¡ͻȻһŭȴ
ëͷȥʱϳˣڣԭ㣬ţһϼһ𣿡
ԶںһλĴϷˡ
ѣ汻ҶǳΧȻ衣
ԣͷʱɱˡ
һϲǰûڷȴ֪ѵҪԡ
ڣãүͿ㲻ˬˡëʱսɱˡ
սҪսڣûдӦǺʱ
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һͷʮһս񼶱ǿߣǽҲʮһս񼶱ǿߣλǿߣ䲫ɱҴϷ硣
ΪķӡѾԲ磬λǿߵķӡûôǿ˫һս괦Ϸ硣
ëͽ꣬ѹҲ˺ܶࡣ
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С塢ԣɱȥ
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ңɫ٣ǿߺڷֿˡ
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Ƭ֮䣬ھͼֲסˡ
ৣ
ԣüĵٴοȥ俪һͨҪȥԮ
ô˵嶼ѣڻģǰҲûӣ޷彻
Ȳ
ҶǳЦѩһл
ʽϵܣζȻֹסˡ
Ҷǳû뵽һȺҲܹұƵһұΪһΪ׼ģǰ㳢ɡ
˵
϶ȻһǿҵİԵ⾳һɫ񵶱Уɢޱ߷â
ǲ
չеɫ񵶶ʱ˺ѲգնĩѩĵӲû
ɫ̫ˣȻӲҶǳǳ𺳡
Ҳǵ𣿲ԣû̺ĵֻһɰԵ⾳Ҷǳɫء
ǰԵһһԵԵһ˭棿·͸Ҷǳ˼˵԰
˶˵ȭĳ뻯ȴ֪ľУһԵ
չô꣬һԵɫİԵ֮УĿ޺ͻۡ
ʽ
ҶǳܵΣԥȼ߶ĩɱȥ
һһеɫԵǹɴݿһĿֲ˺һлꡣ
ֻѩֳֵ赲סеɫԵײ֮ʣһıը
գѩʵ̫Ҷǳڻźˡ
ɱ˳ȥһɨȥëСǶ׷նѳ룬屬
沢ûмɱ䣬ץס֮ȥλǿߣһ뿪ˡ
׷쵰õǰѵ϶ƣ޷־ãȻ뿪ǻɱǡë֮Уŭغ
ʵȻɱ˳ȥʵǳ谡
ˣ׷Ҳ׷Ҷǳҡͷһ˳ȥʵס
̾ǵʵҪǿֻǴﵽʮһս磬²ɱ档
ëҧҾӦҪǿѩѾͷʵһﵽʮһս񾳽磬ܷӳʮǵľͷ⡣
߰ɣȥѰѾ޾κˡҶǳЦһȥѰұ


1164 ׳
ٹͨ˵ֲҶǳѰұǳɣֱųЩûôɽ壬һ·ҩ԰ѰſΪҩ
ڴڼ䣬Ҷǳһ˵ΪѸš
Ϊѩ;ӣѾһ·ʮսڣëС൱ˡ
ҶǳͽΪû٣ֻЩϾǵΪ̫ˣôҪõĵرС

ҩ԰ĵꡪ
߰ôûҹ˰үͲһˣ̤ʮս۷徳磬ôܹͣڹأ
Ѱҩ·ϣëֹڸʽ顣
ѰëȻûͻƾ磬Ҳﵽʮսڵļޣʮս۷徳ֻ벽֮ңˡ

ëֱֹӵģѶҶǳ˵ǰɽӴ׵ʲôﲻӦ÷ͬСɡ
ҶǳԱߵ٣һɫ˵ֱһָŲԶһɽ塣
з𣿡Աߵë۾һʱһ֮ɫ
СҲһڴ
ʲôëֱѯҶǳ
ҶǳԶɽ壬ҡͷ˵Ӵ׵²˲õıΪ׵̫ˣһЩֲﲢɽʲô
أôˣƵҲѣȴȥ뿪ҩ԰ʱ䲻ˣǵþҵһЩʵıë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷԭΪٵԿٵʮһս񾳽硣
⼸ȴˣǲܵġ
ҩ԰汦Ȼ࣬˵̫ӴˣҪڼ֮ҵΪıѣϾֻǼĵرŶá
ȼıҩ԰Ҳϡ١
ȻҶǳ㹻ʱ䣬ȻҵЩ
ǣֻʮʱ䡣
Ѿȥֻ꣬ʣʱˡ
ҶǳǶЩżˡ
һ֣ȫ㹥ë۲󷨣ܿҵһ㣬Ȼ˿ʼֹ
Ĵ󶼺вбԽɽ壬ӵеĻɽ͸Ӿˡ
Һë󷨾ͨҵһЩ㣬ʡ˺ܶʱ䡣
¡¡
һ貵⣬˴˳ǰ󷨺ȥɽ嶼һ
Ҷǳǵʵ̫ǿˣκһˣʮһս񼶱ǿߡ
ô֣ӳǳˣԺɨʮսµκδˡ
Ȼɽȱ·ղǰֲĹ˵ֻһ
˿һĻȴǲϲ
ǿ̫ǿˣôǿػı϶󡣡ëһ˷֮ɫ
ټӰȫ
¡¡
˼ֹ
һº󡪡
ɺȹ̣˵ĹúС
һɵؿë˵˵磬ǲҴˣⶼȥһˣôһôûУ
үΪ㲻֪𣿡ë˫Ŀضǰ󷨣˷ֻܵ˵ɽıǳ󣬴ȼɣҶСڣǲõķɡ

ЦƸ󷨻Ҫȼֵ𣿡
ֵãëһ϶˵ıһЩʬ岻ʲô
ȼɣʩչӡǲġҶǳ
ǿĻɽ϶ıҲڴѡ
ΪѾʮս۷徳磬ֻҪٽһʮսԲ磬ʱлʮһս񾳽ˡ
ãƴɣ
ġ

ͽԣʼȼ
ʱһɹǿϢط
żп˵صߣڸܵôʮһս񼶱ǿϢ󣬶ŵԶԶˡ
Ҷǳǵʵǿȼ֮ʵ͸ǿˡ
䣡
һ貵⣬Яž춯صӴ䴩գǰ󷨳ȥ
飡
ھҲѺ۳֡
۾һôˣ·׷״߶սȫ
ˣҲǺķ˰ʱ䣬ų״
¡¡¡
ž
ǰ󱻻˲䣬һѤ׵磬֮к˵ߣҶǳȫûˡ


ҽʱˡ
Ҷǳһʱ令ѩ;ӺˣŮ̫ˣѵֵסӴ׵
ˣ׶ޣʮǿޣʮǿеǿȻҶǳġ
ëɱ׵òҽ
Ҷǳѩ˳ȥ֮󣬿ǰɽ壬֮ɫ
Ϊɽûʲôҩֻһ޴׳أ׵˸â貣ս½׳ǿˡ
ƻһʮսᱻ׵ֲ˶á
Ӵһ׳أ𺳰
һâ˸
ǽˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ӳҲܿ죬ֻ˿ҲЩǱëڣȻǰ׵úܲҡ
֮󣬱ëС塢ӳˣһǻڣеĵطˣǱ
£ҩ԰˵ҪʲôȻŪôһ׳ëֵ
̾׳ֲ̫ˣʮǿ޵ǿȣҲֲ˶á
ʱ䶼˷ˣ׳صĿֲκҩᱻݻ٣׵ʲôҲûУִ׳أæһˡСЦ
ҲδأҶǳкȻĿĹâ
Ļ˵ע⣬׷׳˹
СӣǷʲô𣿡ëЩڴʵ
ҶǳҡͷǵûУ׵ǶùߣҵƿܾˣҲԽ׵ͻơ
ԲۣҲ̫ð˰ɣҪһãˣ׵ɲôᡣԾĵɴ۾
ëЦСҲǵһθˣء
ͽ곹ˣΪʲôҶǳһˣȻʮǿ޻Ҫǿˡ
ôѡҪģأҶǳëǡ
ëҡͷүˣɡ
ͽҲֱҡͷΪǲô
ҶǳֵҲǵ壬ľ顣ңгӡǵһʱ䲹ᱣպܶࡣ
ôɣǾ̫Σˣпܻ档
գǱ·ֻҶǳһ壬һ𣬼Ѱұ
ȻΪ˱Ҷǳӣٷֳһһֻ֣ҪҶǳ٣ҵõٵı塣
ͱë֮Ҷǳһһͷǰİ׳׵ûˡ


1165 
׳֮У׵ϵسҶǳÿһ缡Ѫ⣬ܵ׵Ϯ
Щɱʮս׵ҶǳǿҲֵס
ʱʩչӡ㹻á
֮УҶǳϵر׵ݻ٣Ȼֱӡ޸ãҲڻٻָ֮ɱĸǿ
׵ȻҵãѾֻܹܵҪһʱ䣬ҵͻѪԲ硣
Ҷǳһϲ
׵壬Чʵ̫ˡ
׵̫Ӵ˰ɣϾܹɱʮս׵ʲôطеģǳϡ١
Ȼÿ˶Ҷǳô˵壬һûҶǳôǿûгӡĻִҲᱻ׵޷ʱ
Ҷǳ˵ЩŵԳɹô˵ض
ʱ뿪ҩ԰Ҫʱ䣬Ҷǳ㹻һˡ
ȻܻѰ
ҶǳΪҪ
ϾֵزҪһǳѣΪ˶໨һЩʱˣܹȥġ
֮ǰս֮УҶǳܵԼĲ࣬Ų档
ΪӵкĻƽʥ壬ǿ󣬱Ҷǳƴˡ
ֻҪҶǳٽһһζԾ޾ˡ

ޣճǸһ޴ĵ𽥴֮¶ƴԶʱľޡ
һȺ޵ǣѾȺڴ˵أΪһյֵӡ
յˣ֪һǻжջ񣿡
˵޵ҩ԰Ѿˣǿ߶Ϲȥˡ
ǲǿԲֵ飬˵ȥˣкܶʮսʮһս񣬸ᱦǼֱȥյһ㡣
˵Ҳԡ

һЩ޵߻̸š
ҩ԰ȻˣҲΣգһЩǲԸȥðա
෴յҪȫһЩ
ңһζ޵嶼ȥҩ԰ǱˣЩ޵߱ǿľ֡
¡¡
һϯȥ
޴յ¶ڸ߿С
һȺ޵ߣʱյȥһڴ֮ɫ
ʱ
յ֮УһŵĸߴӰ̧ͷ­ϵһ춯
ҩ԰Сһ㻹ûʧĸߴͷЦ
ͬʱϵҲһ¶ΰԼһӿƣˡ
Ҷǳһ𾪵ģΪλǰ˵ϵλԶʱǿ߲õģ޷ѿ
ڿλǰƭҶǳЩ˵ֵһᡣ
Сһ㻹ΪЩܹסң̫ˣΪе˭סңҲУ
ЦһƽԱߵ䱦飬һ޴ķ컭ꪶʱӷ֮з˳С
ħꪣžˡ
еķ컭ꪣйâȣĵս£ٴ䵽ˡ
ҿôûʹˣǷѾˣһЦֻЦЩŵķ컭ꪣǰݺݵ
ǲ
һƬƬѣƲһΧĿռҲŤˣǿĻ͸յıʣµյϡ
ʱյ鿪ռ֮мЩյĶȫɱˡ
ӡ
յôᱬը
ôܡ
޵ޱȾ֣Ǵûյᱬըôûⷢ
ǸӲĿռ֮нûˣյĶߣȫĸɸɾ
һ࣬ô޴
һЦЩɱĶߣû£ƺֻһȺݽ棬ֵһᡣ
ţ
Ȼתͷճǵķĸ߿֮УһӰ
ţˣСӵ壬ս

ʱվճϿյǵӰѾˡ
Ҷǳͻϳճǳ½컪
½컪ԽԽ٣ҲԽԽĮ飬ûһ˿һ仯
㲻ó½컪ǰ˵
ЦСӣƾҲܹҿʲôز
˵֮䣬еķ컭ꪱѾ½컪˹ΰϯȥһط顣
пֲĵչ֣˳ŷ컭ꪼȥƬضûˡ
䣡
½컪ˣ˶һ񵶣ɢޱߵķâ
뷽컭ꪶײţ죬µɢȥһƬնˡ
һЩ޵ǸܵĶ𾪵̧ͷ￴
ʮһս񣿡
ǣѾԽʮһǣ
ȻоͷǶ޽ս

һЩǿĶǣڰ
λڣҲӱչ֮оˣһĿճǵķ򣬶׷𾪡
½컪Ȼӵͷʵ
Ǽһ˭ôһƬ𡣡
ȻǴеǿ°ȻĴڣһɳֵز

ڰн
ǲûв֣ΪսǿߣҪĶࡣ

Զҩ԰
ѰһǣȻ㵵ͣסˡ
Ϊڴ˿̣һƬƬҩ԰Ĵ֮ð˳Ȼҩ԰

һЩʵСߣ˲䱻Щˡ
ҽ
ôôջ֣һЩǿߵֵϮ𣬲ɵ
Ӵ֮ð˳һӾҩ԰Ϊ˻𺣡
ҩ԰Щݲݣľľ˲䱻ݻˡ
ô£ҩ԰ôô𣿡ëų˲ˣԾ
Ѱأû뵽һӿֳô
ȻǵʵЩκβǣʱ䳤ˣҲܴ
磬쿴ΧЩɽӵеĻɽҲܵĹȻϲָǰ
ëɨ˹ȥȻЩҲڹɽ
Щ޲ĹȥҪǶ֣ͻǰɽĻɽݻˡһ˵һð˷ܵĹâ
ΪһʧȥЩɽҩ԰ıǰˡ


ʮ 


1166 ˫
ͻҩ԰ѰΣͬʱҲһ޴Ļ
ΪЩ޲Ĺҩ԰ڵܵ˹ЩĵرǵĻɽҲܵ˹
ʣֻҪʱ㹻ҩ԰еĻɽ󶼻ᱻݻ٣ЩǾܡ񱦡ˡ
ȻǰܹһЩԼֵס𹥻ߣֻе̰ģеʯŷȥ
һεĴעֻǿ߲ӵС
ʮսµߣ֮иֲ˶ã׷ҩ԰
ֵǣǴֻҪȵĻɽȫݻ٣ЩĵرɽͶǲˣǿȡˡ
ҩ԰ĳë˷֮ɫ
ȻҲǱҲ뵽һ㣬һڴѡ
ǵʵǿ󣬼ʮһսЩгȥȫ⡣
磬ҷͷұһܹҵıҲ࣬Ҳ󣬸лᷢҪı
ٺЦ˵ңڶԱʵڲУҲԷգʱҶܹ֧Ԯ
ëԵ˵ͷ˵ǼһôͺСˣȷҪֿѰ
Ҳͷͬ⣬ȷѡ
ǰ֮ԾۼһΪɽ嶼лɽ󱣻ƾĳһ˵ʵڶʱڽɽƣеǿ˵Σա
ڲһˣֻҪȵЩݻĻɽ󣬵ʱһߣȡЩɽеıҪʱˡ

ëǶͷ뿪ˡ
Ȼ뿪ʱ򣬶Դһɫ٣Ǿͨȷ˴˵λá
ʵϣ˲ֹëһȺҩ԰ǣҲ
ɵˣˣ޷ţȵȣˣѡɢѰ
ʱţҩ԰еԽԽŨЩɽ֮£ҲԶˡ

ճǡ
ͷ֮սڼ
䣬ųһâ췢ɢͬһƬ𺣣ǿա
ǿֳŷ컭ꪣһ˵ơ
޶֮£߶еսһɿ־塣
ɱ
񸩳еķ컭ꪱĿĹԣˮһΧɢƥϯ硣
ৣ
һããĵԿõ½컪Ӱⷽһ塣
һض
Ƭضһ
ɫڱˣЦû뵽ˡ쵶˲ð
䣡
쵶뷽컭ꪲײţһľ졣
𣡡𣬷컭գȵûո˷ʱ䡪
˵꣬һ̤շ飬Ҳ˷֮УΡ
½컪üͷʧȴ޿κΡ
һλ֮еյճ̶ȣֱˣû˿
½컪ĻҲΪѾµԷҪȥˡ
£½컪޵ҩ԰ȥ

ҩ԰ĳ׳֮УһߴӰԡޱߵ֮Уڰĵ纣
Ҷǳ
׵壬ٶɱ䣬ͻѪԲ磬һµĲΡ
׼壡
ҶǳȻ˫Ŀһҡ
׼壬ڵľ硣
Ѫһǵ塣
һ˵ֻгɾ͵۵塣
ԣҶǳĿǰֻ׼壬ˣѾǳǿˣӲһЩȱʲôѾ޷˵ˡ
ѹʵôǿ壬ټ츳Ҳѹֻǿ󣬳Խһ𡣡
Ҷǳ˿Ϊʲôôǿˡ
ʵ츳ɴΣȴﵽ׼Σĸԭ
ڵң棬ܺᲢˡҶǳŨҵš
ϵûˣôƾʽҲİԵˡ
֪ҵ˶ٱ
ͻˣҶǳҲͲ£׳ȥ
ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ëҵ˶ٱǷ԰Ϊ
Ҷǳڴ
ǡ
Ҷǳո뿪׳أһƬϯûˡ
ȻЩҶǳû˿ôϾѾɹˡ
ôô𣿡
Ҷǳԡ֮УΧһ޼ʵɫ𺣣Щ𾪺Ͳš
Ŀ鿴ƺҩ԰ûˣ̫ˡ
׷ʲô飿
ô
Ҷǳɵóռ䷨ּϵë
ҶСӣڳˣëյҶǳϢԵ÷ǳ˷ܣѶСӣȱô࣬ҩ԰ɽĻɽ󶼱ݻˣϽȥѰұҲͷѰֻʣµʱˣϿжɣʲôȳȥ˵
ſռ䷨ּϢҶǳ͵һѹΧɽ嶼û˻ɽԭΪë˹ƵģڿǱЩݻٵġ
ЩѾںܾˣԲŴݻЩɽ󡣡Ҷǳв²⡣
ЩȻǿ󣬵ĻɽҲµһʱ䣬ЩܴݻЩɽ
⻹һеĻɽ󶼱ˣֻҪͿˡҶǳ΢΢һЦ׼뿪ȥѹα
ڴʱ׳غȻըˣ޾׵ϯȥŭһӾͽҶǳûˡ
ţ
ҶǳڰֹסΣĿ׳رըĵط㵡
úõ׳أôᱬը
Ҷǳ֮ʣһߴӰ׵棬ӱըķ֮˳
Сӣû뵽㡣һϤ
ӷ֮˳ǰ㵵ҶǳɭЦҪл㣬ûҿҩ԰Ҳ˶
ǰǰ㡭ҶǳɣһﲻǱô
ңϲƵֲֿ棬еţΪǾ׻
Сӣ˸㣬Ǻ˫񡣡
һɻҶǳԺЦ򵥵˵;׻ײʱص񡣺ٺ٣˫Ƿǳ½ʷϣҲֻһ𡣡
Ҷǳ𾪡
˫
ֱǰδŰ


1167 ʱ
һѾܺˣοײʱ˫񣬿涼Ѽ
Ҷǳ˼ӿ֣ǰ˵ԣ壿ľ׻֮
Цֻһ壬ǵұѹǿаҵһΪе֮յ߾׻֮ҩ԰˿ҩ԰ҲлһҪл㡣
ԭ㵱ƭҵģֻҪҩ԰ܰΪ㵱˵ңֻҪ㽫ҩ԰ϢȥӦþͻ˰㿪ҩ԰ֺαصȵڣҶǳĪرˣˣȻˬ
Ϊ֮ǰû˿Խ޷ϢݳȥֱҲҵ˻ᡣЦ˵
ҶǳüԣҼǵûĻǰҲһʮһսһɱˡ
ǿɲɱģһ֮ɱġЦҲҩ԰ϢΪ̫ߣڽյʱ֮ע⣬һͱɱˡ
֮Ҷǳɻؿ
һЦǰһ֣ʱһ޴ĹĻ֣¶ҩ԰ĳ
ʱҩ԰ĸ߿У½컪Ҳɱ
Щٿŵ½ͷǣڰйûв֮ս
ճǳ
Ҷǳһ
Ȼʶ½컪Ͼ½컪սԼӦԶԶԽ½컪ǵĻ½컪չֳĿֲʵ֮󣬾;ԼɲԷ
ʵôôǿ
Ҷǳһ𾪵ʵ
ĿУ½컪һãã쵶Ȼȫѹס
ȻֻһʵҲǳֲһľͷӦġ
ߣǽߵȻе쵶ʵֻͨʮǾͷѡܹ֮Բŷӳǿ

Ҷǳ̧ͷ񷣬ɲ⣬½֮ǵһ˵
ǵҵҩ԰ˣԶʱǿ𣿡˵ѾɹںˣʵȻǿ󣬵ȴ޷½顣ԣͨһЩ֮½顣
ҶǳɻǰΪʲôҪ㣿ѾΪˣѵʲôĿĲɣ
Ҳ޵еģܵвʱͻᶯһֶĨɱв˫ÿв
˵գһ˫ϷŰҶǳ˷ʽ㣬ȻҲвǰûгɳûа񣬿ѾĨɱ֮ˡ
Ҷǳʱһݡ
ˣȻΣա
Ͼ½֮£޷̽顣
СӣúŬɣ½˵һֻгΪʸ
˵һ̤뿪ҩ԰
ǰĹĻûʧҶǳп忪ʼںˣһǿսϢϯ
ʹŹĻҶǳܹܵǹǿϢĿֲҩ԰ҡΡ
ںһȭȥͰ½컪Ѫɡ
һɳڵ֮Ҳǰš
ҵ棬ɫ𣬲ΰһħ񣬶أɽӣķ
ֻˣҿֹҽ
Ӧóƺ
һЩս½ͷǣ𶯲ѡ
һİ֣ȴһЩͷ֪
ΪһЩϵĵ伮мأ½Զʱһǿ񣬺ɨʮأ޵֣ų
ֻǺ֪ʲôԭλʧˡ
¡¡
ʱпµ״Ӳ֮
糯
٣ʱҪٵ١
йעһĻľͷǷ׷𶯣һ˿ʼɽٽ
һЩҰĵľͷǣȫעΪǳҲᾭһǰĦǰ׼
ҩ԰ڣƬĻûʧ
ƺҶǳһĻ
ʱҶǳҲȥѰ뿴ǷĿԳɾ͵һ˶ɽٳ
һĻ˭֤
οǰĦ٣ԺҲкô
¡¡
޴µ׵Զڲ֮ţŭš
⿼ٷǳֲҶǳԼУ¼ֲʱͻᱻ
һʮһս񳬼ǿߣ»ᱻֱɱ
Щֲ׵磬ȴһܼɱš
ǿԡޱߵ󣬻дЦš
֮Ҳˣ
Ŀ⣬ɨһЦһȺСǣɽٽҿڽ磬ԺǾûлˡ
Ļո£һĺʴ
ҿ˭ҽ
ձ飬һߴӰ֮ⷽУ䣬飬һֱ㳯ɱ
˲䣬һɿµԶԶԽ˾ͷǵǿƣ˷ϯ
ǵƣ
ĵ
еһЩ½ͷϳ˴ˡ
һ
֮УһʵӰɢʥĹâ˸еޱȴۡ
ʥ
½ľͷɫء
ôѹһھͷǲҳ硣
ߣ֮𣿵ңܹ𣿡
񿴵ʥɱɵùЦСǣץסλ𣿡
˭ҽ

ʥ˵ǱĿ⣬ɨЩ֮г˾֮ɫ
䣡
һɿֲƣȻݵķ
һھͷȥʱɫһ
ΪǹǿϢǴӲǴġ
ǲ̽ڳˡ
ãиСˣûʧЦ
ʥɫ䣬һ̤ݣŲ̽ɱȥ
ޱߵϯǶûˡ
ԼԼԿõǿĴڣޱߵ֮лɱľ춯أʱ顣
䣡
Ҳʱ½أǿľͷڳ硣
һʱ䣬½ϿգǵٵӰ
˵ˣסģһʱˡЦ
ɫɱ


1168 Ͻ
أ
ҩ԰ڣǰĹĻҲ֮顣
Ҷǳ㶵վԭأзһ֮ɫ
Ϊ֪½졭Ҫˡ
ô½ͷ磬˫ǿڣǵֻٲ˳ɹԸıĿǰ½ơ
ʥٳư½ˡ
һ׳Ĵʱˡ
ϣܹɹ
ҶǳЩǡ
ΪڹĻûʱʥɱˡ
ԣ̽Σˡ
ڽ½ûв̽ͷ֧ţǲ̿»Σ
ұþ̤ʮһս񾳽磡Ҷǳ䣬Щȡ
֮ѣ
ҶǳΪ̵һΣȻǶ㲻ġ
ңڵʵһ̽ˣôҲֻ֧Ųˡ
ϾڵʵѾԽ˲̵ЩʦΪҲǿһѹ
ҶǳҲеģֻҪﵽʮһս񾳽磬ôһᱻˡ
ҶǳĿȣ뵽һڽʮһս񾳽Ӽˡ
óռ䷨ּҶǳʼϵëǡ
磬ǱջôҶǳһȡɽϵĵرһѯʵ
ΪʱޣҶǳֻռһЩֵܸߵĵرЩսûеĵرͱֱӸˡ
ҵһЩ¶Ϊܴ󡣡ػѶ
ٶȺܿ죬ﵽʮһս񾳽֮ٶҩ԰ڵһǿߵġ
ˣѰҵ˲ٺö
ۣ¶ǺöүҵһЩʯҶСİӦúܴ󡣡ëѶ
ʯ
Ҷǳ۾һ
ʯҺ棬޴½ǿҺԼľĲεģʯľЧԶԶҺ
ҵľһЩûдﵽΣôҵĽҲǿǿҲЧˡ
ҶǳʱЩڴ
޴½ĽǺɨ޵УЩǵĿǡ
ֳţĽкˣϾֳŵľΪܸߣĽӰС
ҩ԰Ǳأ
Ҷǳкܼ
һҩ԰֮Уǵջ̫ˣΪ˺ܶΣǵõĵر
Ҷǳҷԣҩ԰½һء
ϾԶʱһǿıأȻ
С塢ѩҲҶǳѶϢ˶дջ
ҲǺģϾǲҪɽֱӼͿˣʡ˲ʱ䡣
ܿ죬ҶǳҲջˡ
һªĺڸ񣬼һɽϵĳʯڣųһ۵Ľɫ⡣
ʵϣⶫһ⣬ҶǳΪһ
΢һԼļ䣬Ҷǳϳ֥
Ϲʱֱк֥ܶ࣬ı壬֥ͨ˷Ÿɮķ֮󣬲Žķ֥
ȻǷ֥ѵ˵зŸɮʬڴˣ
Ҷǳһ
漴æȡŷ֥Ȼʼھ˵ء
˵зŸɮʬᣬôȻҲλɮӡ
ŸɮӣǿǷŸɮһڣһسɷȻҲ˵Ϊ
ȻǰλŸɮʵǿ
ҩ԰Զʱһǿߴģôڴ˵ķŸɮӦòߡ
ҶǳЩڴ
Զʱĵһǿ߻һǡս񼶱ķŸɮʬҲݡ
ҲʮһսϵķŸɮʸ
䣡
ҶǳھһʱͻȻһŨķھĵط貵Ľɫ⣬һ޴ĹһӾͰҶǳɳȥ
Ũķ
ʮһս񼶱ķŸɮҲûŨķ
϶ʮս񼶱ķžͷ

Ҷǳϲæھ
ɽɽ屻ڿһ߽ɫĹǺ¶ҶǳǰɢһĿķ⡣
ߺǵڣһϽɫӣâ貣ԶĿ
Ͻӣ
ʮս񼶱ķžͷ
Ҷǳʱޱȼ
ȲڳϽӣ߽ɫĺӱȡҲΪ˷ɻңɢ֮䡣
ӷλǰˣ糬ѣҲûã͸Ϊɡ
ҶǳĬһţ漴ϥ£ʼϽӡ
䣡
һɫĴͻȻϽͶӰ˫ֺʮվҶǳǰüĿޱȡ
գĲɷ˵زŵʮһСѼȻӵҵزŵħӡǾҵزԵա
˵꣬ɫĴ𣬱ҶǳȻΪһ塣
Ҷǳ˶һȫ¶ųһ۵ķ⣬ɫԣɽ塣


1169 
¡¡
ɽ嶼֣貵ķŨʵʻƻƽڻҺ壬ɽ䵽ɽţɽ忴Ӳӡ
Ҷǳ˿̺һ߻ƽˣƤѪⶼ˻ƽɫͷķ˿Ҳ˽ɫǽɫġ
ЩƽɫĹâҺ壬漴ҶǳһֻĻ۶ȥ
ҶǳֻƵģɫԽԽ貣Ǳǡħ
ħӡ
Ҷǳտտż벹ʱԽߵĴͽһһϹŴĵ磬õλϹŴķžСħӡ
ˣλϹŴǳԵزţʮս񼶱Ÿɮǵǵزŵһλڤڤ֮ӦõõĻԵ
ҶǳЩˡ
ΪħӡλزŵϿϽӣǰħӡһԲ硣
һඥʽ
ķŷΧҶǳתţȫâ貣ĵġħָƻƽ̶ɣԽҫۡ
ҶǳܹܵšħӡǿȻȲʮǿսеķӡһЩаħĿȴǱȷӡá
ԺԸЩħǿߣǵˣħӡЧáҶǳ뵽
ĸšħӡҶǳ˶ԡڽɫ֮Уһɫս
ǿϽӵڲϵرСһ嫵רóҶǳա
ҶǳظоԼΪڲϵţʮս۷徳磬ʮսԲǰ
ʮս񼶱ķŸɮ½ҲǾͷһĴͳһİǶɵȨߡ
ּǿߣѾվս۷壬ϽежôӴ󣿾Ϳ֪ˣ
¡¡
֮һǿϢҶǳͷųµɽ嶼ڶҡΣ϶ѿ޴ķ϶
ͻˡ
ʮսԲ磡
Ҷǳ˫Ŀ貵Լ۾ƻһң˵ƴﵽһ۷塣
ʮһս񾳽Ҫͻƣû뵽һʮս񼶱ķŸɮӶûаͻƣ˲İ
Ҷǳ¶һ˿ź
ΪԽ˻ʮһս񾳽磬ʮһս񾳽ĽѶȻԤϣͷһ
ҲǺģϾΪͻƣиԪͻƣǶΪǧ꣬ԲŻһˮɡ
ǧʲô
ΪΪ͸Ԫǳڵ֮ǧʱ任ɵʱ䣬Ǳʮ갡
Ҷǳ֮ǰ˼ҹʱɱȲΪ͸Ԫǡ
ûϵҩ԰౦Ҷǳлᡣ
£Ҷǳʼѹҩ԰ڵı
뿪ҩ԰ʱ䲻Զˣʱ䲻ˡ
۰ҶСүʮƷˣǴ˵еĵԿ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ܹһ̤ʮһս񾳽硣
ëһϢҶǳϲĵɴ۾
Ҷǳ˫ֱ䣬
˼壬ǶԵо޴ı
˵Щսˡ
һ˵ʮһս񾳽С⡣
Ҷǳʱسëķȥָʧ
ͬʱѩҲëλøȥ
ʮƷӴ󣬲һ˿յ˵ģЩȫ
һδԵ
û뵽ҩ԰澹ȻһǾЦ
ԶҲ˷ܵط
˻ëǰԶһֻɫľ޴Ŀȣ
ʮƷʮɫ̨Ⱦʥö࣬һɫĻâ貣ʣͷס
żмأʮƬЩ⣬ƶֻܾ͵ʱ䲻ˣٷϻֱɡëкˣϥʮƷǰʼ
ҶǳҲΧʮƷһʮƷ
ǵΪڲϵš
Ӵ̤ʮһս񾳽ˡҶǳʱϲɫ
ҲһЦݡ
ڴʱԶǿϢٶȺܿ죬ҶǳǸӦʱ򣬱ѾڲԶˡ
ʮƷ
ǵ
˾
˲ϳʮƷ
Ҷǳɫʱһɵüȥֻһİ꣬Ӣ֮һֻͷų
ԱߣһߣɢǿϢȻʮһս񾳽ǿߡ
壡
Ҷǳ꣬ͫ׶ʱһ


1170 Զ
ʥ˼壬һ½ֿȣµˣǵģҲ֪ҶǳȻҲ֪
λʥˣҶǳǵһμ
޵аͬλʥ˼壬һʣ˾ηֻߵƣҲ֮˳
ʥ˼壡
һôˣ
ֻôһ󣬿»ǿߡ

ë˷׷׾ѣŲԶٶļһλʥϣ˵ɫǳѿ
ոջһһλУʵ̫ˡ
ң⻹һλǳǿĵˣٲѷɫ
뼧Աߵλʮһս񾳽ʥϣȴԵѷɫˡ
ҶСӣëҶǳ
ҶǳվԱߵĽ˵סǣڼǣ
Ҫѻëǡ
ëüͷɣסһ츳ǿһʮһս񾳽磬Ǹ
е˵ͷ˵츳ǿһ̤ʮһս񾳽磬սԶǡ
ȻδԵôҶǳദ˴֮Ѿ꣬ԻԷǡ
ǰҶ磬ǸơѩҲ˵
ҶǳŲԶļ壬ҡͷûõģҳ֣סѾﵽʮսԲ磬츳ֱǸߣǼֶĶ֡
ȻʱëΪɶʮս۷徳磬ϾҪһЩ
Զļ壬Ȼҩ԰дԵѾ̤ʮսԲ硣
ȻҶǳҲʮսԲ磬ټͻƣĶԵס塣
ټѾﵽʮһսڵĽ꣬סʥǿˡ
ݣ
˼֮䣬λʥѾϹˡ
ɨҶǳһۣ㽫ĿԱߵʮƷ棬˵Ӷڷ⣬ɫ
ȻǵӽʮƷ˵
ԱߵʥϹЦ½ĵرˣһ붼ܹһεΪǵĴԵ
ĻǳǿƣȻѾʮƷռΪˣҶǳˣֱӱˡ
ƺҶǳ˶һЩϣûʸʮƷ
ߣ
ߣ
ë˽ߣһؿżʥϡ
һʮһս񣬼ʮս̫ˣϷֽǰɣ㰲ʮƷ
ʥϱ˫֣һŵ˵
ǽϾѾ˽ֻͣΪʥĳϣΪʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣš
ţ˵ͷ
ʶҶǳϾûҶǳ˵ҶǳˣûаҶǳɶ֣ȻҲûбҪȥʶҶǳ
ʱڼУֻǰʮƷ˵ǰʮƷ׼
Թﶼе߾֮ȺϾͲˣɡ
ʥɫĮ˵
ͬʱһֻ֣Ҷǳѹ
ңһֻƼһɱꡣ
ΪУȺ֮УҲֻдﵽʮһս񾳽Ľ꣬еֿ
ˣ»ᱻֱɱ
Ϲǿë
ɱ졣
ǴԲѣүүһʵ㾿ŵʵ顣
Ѿ̲סˣչٱʥϸǰŵһɱ
䣡
ײ춯ص졣
ΧĿռ׷ѣӿء
еʵʥ¶һ˿ȡ
ΪһסˣȻֻһҲһʮһսԵֵסġ
ϹҲһЦеĶϵɱʥϣ˫Ҳɫ񵶣貵ĵâµĵ籩ʥסˡ
óʵʥϵʵ£߶ʱǷֲʤˡ
ʮƷļͣסŲЩؿһĻȵСǵʵûпĻӦ޽ųӵеһٶȣʵȻ
ǡ
ȻתͷҶǳǳһĨϷŰЦݣӦþǲ̵ǸҶǳɣҲֻһֻû뵽Ȼܹڣûɱ𣿡
ϳҶǳ
𣿡ҶǳǸһĨЦԶ
Ŷ忴ҶǳĿⶸȻһʵųһɾâ


1171 Ӳʥ
ʮƷǰҶǳʥ˼徲Գţ֮Щ͡
ԶĽʥԽԽԶǹ뿪˵أ˵ʮƷ
ǰڴˣ˿̤һҶǳë˵漴㳯Ŷļȥǿ¶ⷽնҡ
ǰΰӰë˶еһİ׷ױ۾ʮƷ
УҶǳ޵еġ
ʮսԲΪĵͦģ˻޷Һܺôģ˵ӽҩ԰ڻû棿
屳˫ֿҶǳɲϷŰЦݡ
ΪʥĴˣУֻ֡
ˣ
ǸĿǰΪֹûܹ۾
ʵϣЩ𣬰ܵðܣΪֹûһ˿һս
սȻҲͲ˸ˡ
ҶǳǿĳƺţڼҲֻһЦѡ
Բ֪𣿡Ҷǳ˵ԼĲмǿƻӦ
֮ḷ̌˴˵ҲƬ֮гײţǿ˺ѿռ䣬Ƭس׿
ƻۣŭµƽ嫺ĲΣӿֹ
ͦŰϣʵܹšЦһͻȻˣԭһӰ˱ѾҶǳǰ
أ
һȭգᴩԪϡ
лƽȭͷɫĹâޱѤ۵񷡣
ٽҶǳһɲǣһǿӼȭͷ֮ӿƳصĻɽͻȻˣڵҽûա
䣡
Ҷǳ貣һȭӭû˿ƣȫ׼ӲӲ뼧ȭȭײ
е˼ЩڴˣϣҪʧ忴ҶǳȻҪԼӲӲеϷŰһЩʼеˡ
˸㣬ѾˡҶǳ˵
ʲôһ
ʱ˵ȭͷѾ籩֮ײһ𣬱ӿֲ籩û˱˴ˡ
¡¡
ը죬Ǻ㸲
˶˻ƽɫâ貣ɫסȫ£ȭͷͬһɫ̫
ҶǳǱ׵һ飬ӳȥȭͷ֮аųҵ׵磬ÿռ顣
˵ȭͷײһ𣬱˴˵ϵ緢γһµ籩ϯ˷
ԶԶȥһɫҫ۶Ŀһ׻ϯʮء
أֻ
ǿ
һڱƴ𣿡
Բۣһʮǿ޻Ҫ̬һǲʮǿޣǲࡣ

ʮƷë۾ŲԶսһ𾪲ѡ
Ҷǳͼڻȭûжֻƾȴ˿ֲƻ
ּΪʮǿ޵ëһ˶е
ѾͻѪԲ磬ﵽ׼ĲΣǿֲ̾
ëһЦ¿ԷˣҶСΪûˣȫʥĴˣǾͰʮƷʮһս񾳽硣
ǰϽʮһս񾳽ɣȻԺ޷սˡ۾кܼԼǿ뱻Ҷǳ˦ĺԶ
䣡䣡䣡
ԶҶǳͼԽԽң˵ȭͷ֮вϵײţ˴˵˻ص
û뵽Һ֮⣬Ȼ֮ͬе׼ҶǳҳС㣬ѾʸΪҵĶˡ
嶢ŶҶǳɫڳˣӷǳ貣յƻ棬ҫǿգǻԻͣļ¡
Ӷɫȭͷһתƺƴƥޱ嫺̲ա
κ˿һޱǿµĸоеԼޱȵСһֻĦǿյϡ
ڿʼİԵѾʶˣ֪λʥ˵ռֶʲôҶǳЦеȭͷϵسԼչֵ쾡¡
ʲôȻʩչԵˣͫһҶǳĿԽˣ̫ҾˣİԵҶǳɵû뵽ûɱ㡣
˵꣬һɺ嫵ϯˡ
ѾûҪ̽ˣˣҼʶһսɡ
漴гһѽɫ񽣣ӳµĺʷϢһΨҶ𣬾µĻϢ


1172 
ԯ
ҶǳżеĽɫ񽣣ɫޱȵأ˵½ֹһλ˻ԯеѽӦþ˻ʽԯɡ
ԯǵΪ˻ʵ彣ȻҲ̺һ˻ʵĻʵ־ɺǿ
еʶ
嵭һЦֳԯһɨĿĽâ񷣬˺գƵҶǳˡ
ȻԼţҶǳûɵȭͷȥӲ˻ʽǰ׳յΪ
ৣ
ҶǳйâһһĿ׵罣âǳǰȥ
Ķ񽣡
ž
Ҷǳ˸µ׵ž񽣣³ҵĽâĽۡ
ҶǳѾ׻ռ֮У˸ǿ
ռĹټǾ͸ӿˡ
ȵľ׻ӳȥҫ۵׵â񷣬µĽƽⷽضѹסˡ
ĽһǵһμôĽȻûʧ
ųҵĹâ
ͬǽǿߣȻܵҶǳռ̺Ŀֲܣ𾪡
֮ǰҶǳС˿̶ʧˣȡ֮һ֮ɫ
˻ʣ£
Ȼһһɫ֮ڶ𣬳ҵĽɫԴһµħս֮С
ΧɫԵޱȣƥ
ЩħսһɱҶǳħء
Ҷǳ貵⣬֪˻ʽŽıȻռȴķǳֲ
ʱͺһ˻ʣڳħսһǰɱ˿ɵ
֮ʣ
ҶǳͻȻһɳҵ⡣
չֳ˻ʽжȻһ
ҵռȻȴͬһɢɳ޷ۺԭһλͳ˧򽣡
Ҷǳ˿̶ˡ
ռһֱȱһ˻ʽ
ֻлߣƷӳٶ࣬Ҳֻһɢɳ
ͺñȺޱߵĴ󺣣ˮٶ࣬ûзĴҲ޷γɿֲľκˡ
з˻ʳеİûһλսԪ˧ͳ죬ǸӲսᱻо׻ơ
ںܾǰ½౻ħѹƣҲ˻ʵĴġ
ˣٶҪһͷ졢ͳ˧
ˡ
ǰҶǳֻ֪ʹռԽԽǿ󣬵ʼûзӳռơ
ڣڼ˻ʽϣˡ
ԭˣһҪл㰡һУҶǳɵùЦ
ͬʱеľ񽣱۵Ĺâ
¡¡
һ̣񽣱Ҷǳȫ߶һɾɱϯƬأһһɽ
飬ձ˺ѡ
ѿһ񽣴Ƶر¶֮䣬Ľ棬¶ɭȻɱ
ն
Ҷǳһ
񽣶ŶļɱȥһֲֿĹƣò񷶼ս
ն졣
ѤĽ⣬ÿһˮͰô֣âһͷͷŭ޼᲻ݣԶء
˻ʽٵأ
ȻܵҶǳռıǿ𾪵ͬʱнסԯâԽǰնա
䣡
һȥձ˺ѣرն貵ĽâɨǧɽϺӣŽ
¡¡
˵ĽݺݵײڣĽâƬ֮ɱһֲĽ籩ϯŰء
ҶǳͼսĵطѾΪ˽˸̤С
սʱɢɱʮսʮһս񶼿ش
ǵʵѾԶԶʮһս񣬴ﵽʮһս۷壬ӽЩݺ½ľͷˡ
ԶսʥϿߣ˫ĿͫȻһĲţôܣСôôǿһ棬˭뼧һսⲻܣ
ˡ
һ֮⣬Ȼܹ뼧һսҪǴ˳ȥ½ڡ
Сӵ˭ʥ̲סʵ
Ľ긩һĿĽɫ⣬Ц̵Ҷǳݵǿѵû˵𣿡
䣡
ʥϵֵŽĹüͷһ壬˵ԭǲ̵ǸСӣҳʵҵ֮⣬ҪǿԶ
ҾѾˡһٶɱ˫ͬɫ񵶣ϵ˺գâ۳һӣʥûˡ


1173 һͬ
ǿϾޣʮǿޡ
ңӵеһٶȵĽΪڴﵽʮһս֮ʵѾԽëˡ
ֻɫ˺գ񵶣˸ޱȷ
ͣ
âңݿ࣬˺Ѳ񷡣
ʥϼһǿסʼ
䣡
ıը
һƬڡ
ܹΪʥϵ˲ߣʮһսеǿߣȰԽֻǿ
һһɱѽѷ֣ʱںѷֳʤ

ڲԶҶǳͼ壬ǵսѾ˰ȣ˴˵Ľ߶۷״̬ã֮価貵Ľ⡣
嫵նǵĽâ飬ͬһ֧飬Ҳ飬ɳʯͬеĲӿϡ
貵Ľâ̵֮ĽۣɿֲĽ˸ܵƥķâ
ռò˵ҴһȻôµĽڱϣһһĶ֡
ֳԯҵ˵
һĿĽɫԯĽϱ貵Ľâ˺Ѳ񷣬һҶǳ
һѾҶǳΪͬεĶˣ˿Ĵ⣬ֻȫԸ
䣡
Ҷǳеľ񽣱۵ĹâŶļ壬ޱء
Ȼռ˻ʽϾŸոҪ׷ӳռܣҪһʱ
壬ȴѾ˻ʽԲ磬˻壬ӳ̫˻ʵһܡ
˵Ҷǳھһ˻ʣܵǿѹ
˻жôǿ
֪
Ͼ˻ʴ𣬵ֵħޣǵʵǿĻҲӵֳɾ͡
ӵ˻壬ټеԯʵͬε˻ʾ൱
䣡
һ貵ĽɫâҶǳܵǰδеѹռ߶˼£еľ񽣱貵⡣
˵ʢ
һٶ˱仯Ӱ¶һţңɢһһǰơ
·˶Žһ𣬱˿սսصǿս⡣
нǿϢҵ˻ʽ޵վ壬ܹԿ𣿡
忴ҶǳһţеԯϵѹһֺĴѹ¡
ǲ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬Լеľ񽣿ʼܲסǿѹһ˿˿ѷ죬顣
Ȼϣľ񽣣ԶԶȲԯġ
ѳ˻ʴȻǵҲ׼ˡ
أ
Ȼһ̣Ҷǳеľ񽣱ˡ
һƬȥ˺ա
ЩҶǳ壬Ѫۡ
ͬʱһǿԯӿҶǳ˶ûˡ
ҵռҪĥ
Ҷǳ̾Ϣһ˫ǰȥһ޴ӡʱǰס㸲Ŀ
ռҪĥȱһѳֵ񽣣ϾѾݻˡ
ӡе˼ȻԲ磬ԽԽԾˡ
Ҷǳķӡнⱬ͵еԯһʥٺ
ʥʥʮǿսҶǳҲгԹһսǳǿСΪһ¯֮
ҶǳٵĶ֣ʵ˷츲صĴ仯ŷӡҲб˿ֲܡ
¡¡
޴ӡС粻ϵײţֲڲϵһ޴ķ籩ϯȥҶǳͼˡ

һҶǳɱ
Ҷǳɫ䵭ӭϡ
˵ǳǿ󣬳־ܳ˴˵ʮǿսҲԲ磬ΪҲͬһΡ
ԣǵսǳӽ˭Ҳκβ˭ֻǽⷽظƻĲӡ
䡭
ڴ˿̣ԶһɹǿϢʮƷڵķ˳
ֻΧʮƷϥŵëˣ׷۾һϲɫ
ҽʮսԲ硣
Ҳǡ
үΪ׷ҶСˡ

ʮƷİ£ë˵Ϊ׵ʮսԲ硣
ʮƷõʮ֮һܹǼ
ţҼʮƷҶСĿǰ˿·磬ˡëһҶǳǱߵսʱչüͷһɵ˵
Ǳ̬ǸϽʮһս񾳽磬Ȼ޷ǵս֮ɫٶȱ۾ʮƷ
Ҳ۾ʼ


1174 ս˻
ëһʮսԲĶ̫ˣùսļ壬λʥϡ
嵭ƳһʮƷķ򣬸û¡
Щ˼̤ʮһս񾳽磬ҲĶֻ֣Ҷǳһˡ
˵ʢ
ԼʥʼκβҶǳķӡֻٴóԯԼǿս
ĿĽƬأ嫵Ľһ貵Ľâҵ⡣
ٴǿҶǳɵЦԼĽˣֻ÷ʽӦˡ
ֻЩİ
ͬǽǿߣĽǿߣԼռȥӭսܹĥ³ռ
ʽ
ܲģҶǳҲֻʩչʽ¶ֲء
ʲô
ļһ𺳡
ʵϣ˭ֻҪһԼǰޱȵġ
Ͼ½ʷϣû˿ԲٿģͬʱٿĶ١
ֱһ漣
㾹Ȼ˷ʽΪʲôɱˣһµĶְ
ͫҶǳĿǰδеأɫֻʱ¶
ʣУҶǳѾΪһεǿˡ
¡¡
޴ĩҶǳ˫֮ݻֿµ潻֯貵⣬һµĵݻ
ҶǳտտضŶļ壬˵İԵΪͬεĴڣҲʵˣҿʵɡ
ҶǳĻ£ĩҲżȥ֧飬˷ֹһƬ
ǿֲܰѹַʽųƵһʮǿսϧվûоۼ޷ӳսǿҾֱˡ
嶢ǰĩȻ̾˿壬˫һĳ֮ɫ
ˡ
Ȼеԯ貵Ľգһޱߵʱճӡ
ǻҵʱպ֮УһɫΰӰ¶Ӱ˻ģ˶ɢһɻߵơ
ʣһ޵е˻ʣٻˡ
˻ʵƷǳֲЯӴˣһֱ㽫Ҷǳѹסˡ
һ޷ѹԲ˻ʵ֮УԶĿʮƷëˣҲ׷۾ǽǸеһսĿֲ
ǡ
һ𾪵ȥ
Ƶʱճ֮У𽥺˻ʵΪһ壬˱һˡ
Ȼ˻ʵ˫貵⣬ԯҲУסˡ
һ̣Ҷǳܵһǰδеķâһֱĸоϯȫ¡
Ҷǳ˲ףĶѾӼ廻˻ʣǰֳԯˣѾǼˣ˻ʡԯ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬һ貵Ľɫ˻ʵԯϼһֱء
ǳҵĽɫâÿռ俴ֽƬһ˲˺ѵķǡ
ص˻ǧƺоľκˣһҶǳӿ
һ֮£ħף޵С
ʽ
˻ʵĿֲһҶǳҴ⣬ͷų貵Ĺԣ׼һȫ
ڣ嫵ͬڵҽ֮вϵؿš
˶һõķһӶһɿֲ
Ӵ֧£ҶǳݻĩҲúܴܴ󣬲ڲ֮ʢųѤɱ
ৣ
꼤˺գƬء
䣡ձ貵Ľɫâ˻еԯϼѹƬ񷣬ǰĩ
¡¡
ɷ籩˻ûȥֻʣһޱߵĽɫâ񷣬¶˻ʵĿֲơ
ײֲ̫ˣɳʯȵˣĿռ֮мҩ԰һƬǽ塣
ԶսĽʥϣǳɵӴ׷׺ˣԶ˵ء
ʮƷǱߵļˣҲһ֮ɫ
ֲ̫ˣ˵ʵӽͷˡëɴ۾һ𾪡
ԱߵҲ̽͵УԶھͷЩ˽⣬µ˵ͷ˵Ӧ׼ͷˡ
СߣҶСѾȫԵסˣ㲻ñǣȥǼһʥͷˡ
ë漴ػߵ˵
ٱҶǳëǣΪԷһڿҶǳȫԵס壬ǾͲҪˡ
ëĻִʾҶǳõҶǳ֮ͬųŲԶʥɱȥ


1175 Χκ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ɫ٣ʱضһͷͷɫϮλʥĳϡ
λʥϿǵصĿֲһĻʱͫ𾪡
ǿҲǵһμΪʥĳϣȻ֪ѲֱɱĴڡ
ο⻹һﵽʮһս񼶱һϽԻæҵġ
ϾһѾȫԸˣټһʮһս񼶱Իܡ
ϼһڵˣ
꿴ٹæʱĴɵ÷һХ˫ἫĶӴҲʥϸ
ݣ
ٶȿ쵽˼£ٶȶԣҶǳͼ嶼Ȳǳ׷ӳǽһĵһٶȡ
ȥ
˫ųһɫĵâɫȥһƬա
˫ɫ񵶣ΪĶзҵƵʣÿռ䶼ѿˡ
ͣ
ɫâͬˮһ಻سʥնɱ
ЩâһͬһƺƵ̩ͬɽѹһư磬ͬսһ񲻿ɵ
Ϸ
ʥŭţ˫ȭٻӶʥʮǿսʥ١ʩչ˳貵ޱҫۣӿ
¡¡
С¶ڰУеĽɫâɵĸɸɾֻأǧУѡ
ϼһҿܹʱ
ûưոݣʥǿٶȱʥϿ죬ϵسʥϹɱ
Ĺͬκһ಻ÿһǾ춯أƬصضɽҡռ䶼һƬƬ顣
¡¡
ɫĵâϵؼƬûˡ
ʥϽӦѹǵٵĹʱ˶һӲϵغˣȴǸѲ١
ɶ񡪡
ʥŭɫٸ˺ܴ鷳ӦԽĹѾѹˣڶôɫ٣һӾ·硣
Ҫǣ֮ǰʹ򲻹꣬Ҳܹߡ
ڣӶӲˡ
ɫٽ·ˡ
ۣ
ڣʥϱ깥˷ǳҵĽɫâ˺壬һƬɺѪꡣ
ɫɱʥϵȻĲ
ϼһڵˡЦȫ߶ӡ˫ᳯʥϺɱ
ʥͫһɫ䣬æԶļ崫ȡ

һߵսӵļңձˣضˣһɽڿֲ֮бըƬ
籩֮УСסһ޴ӡ˻ʵ
֮ϣռ˻ʽڲϵײš
Ҷǳͼ˶ѾµսҲûһ˿Ǳ˴κβ˶Է˶Գ֮С
ĶԳֲܳá
ΪҶǳķʽһֱģϾʽֲ̫ˣҲǳ޴
Ҳɣٻ˻Ҳо޴ģİԵһڲܳ־õľС
壬ʥĳҪˡҶǳһ߼߶սһ̼塣
֮սûʲôԵĹƽֻҪܹնɱ壬ҶǳһЩɵֶΡ
Ҷǳû뵽һĲ̾Ȼǲ̵̫Сˣδעᱻɱ
˵
ҶǳмһЦҪ˵ʥĸֺܶ࣬ǰɱǾĿԴɣ˭
һ㲻壬ֻҪʮһս񾳽磬ʵȾͷˡ
ټϵһڵ±ס˭ɱ
οҩ԰ͷ磬ʥ½ʱѾˡ
ҡǱߴʥϵѪش
ҶǳЦ壬ɱʥϣֵˡ
˭ҲɱˡЦһûйȥԮʥϣǴһ貵Ľ⣬գɱԶʮƷ
㡭Ҷǳɫһ䡣
¡¡

һҵĽâգնʮƷǿֲ籩ʮƷŵëҲС
ʥˣҲҪᡣЦ
ҹҶǳٺ󳷣ʮƷǰë˵סǳҵĽâ
ûõģ̫ˣעЦ׷ɱϵغʮƷ
ҶǳȻŭȴòʮƷǰ˲ù壬ֻܷء
Ƴתˡ
öԼˡ


1176 ѩ
γױˣҶǳҪ˼ëǵİΣòֻһζط
һҪܼĹѹŴ
Ķëˡ
ɣ쵰ȻвҶǳ۾ŭ
ëߵ֮սʲôɿԣȽɱʥϣҲΧġ
ô죿ڳΪҶǳۣȥҶǳ϶ᱻܵġüͷʵ
ȻҶǳʵǿʼҪЩˣҪʮƷ̫ˡ
νرʧҶǳᱻ幥ơ
ëüͷм˼ŶԲߡ
ȻŶһź͵ĵҶǳѩʱ۾һæ˵ѩѾͷϽʮƷȫֻҪʮһս񾳽磬ĵܷӳȾͷʵܼ׾ˡ
ĿԴܼ𣿡ѩЩɣ˿Զʵǿļ壬ʵûжġ
ëЦҪĵģǿǵ֮ǰû취ӳǵ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ǾͿԷӳǸƥĵԻʵġ
ðɣԿǲ֪ҶֵܼܲǸʱ򡣡ѩЩĵ˵
ʱҶǳģһԼֵʮһս񾳽ġ
Ҷǳı֤ѩһЩģʼȫʮƷ
ëС塢ԼΪǳְѩһ
һѩٶȾʮֹ
ϾëСЩٶȣԶԶѩҪöࡣ
ЩԼһѩΪڲϵرš
䣡䣡䣡
Զ˻ʵļֳԯϵʮƷһ貵ĽɫâƺƵֺƥա
ӡ
Ҷǳȫ߶ӡ۳һ޴ӡһΡɽһʮƷǰػëˡ
¡¡
ҵĽɫâϵӡ棬һɹɿֲ籩Ǿ޴һδҶǳ巢
Ͼسܹܵ˺̫ˣҶǳﵽ׼徳磬Ҫˡ
Ҷǳҿ㻹ܹ֧ŶãЦ
ϵش߶ԯǳҵĽâһαһοֲ֮һƬ顣
Ҷǳҧ֧ţҲֵ˼ޣɫϿʼѷ졣
ӡ
Ҷǳʩչӡ޾Ĳ油޸
ţ㾹ȻӡҲԲ磬ôգ
忴һĻɫʱһ䣬Щ𾪺Ͳš
Ҷǳָ۷״̬һȫ߶ӡһʩչʽʼż巴
һĩŶĻΧżɱµţȵĻء
ڣٻʮƷǽʮһս񾳽磬ڡҶǳЦ
޴½ռʬ壬˴ôˣӡ֮£޾ϵزġ
һ̵Ҷǳ翪һʱʱ̶̿۷״̬
ʽҲƲҪǮһҶǳϵشżɱ
¡¡
һĩЯſ񱩵ڼըֲͬһϯûˡ
ɱ
彫Լ˻߶˼ޣ˫ֽԯУʹ˻ʽǰδеԡ

Ĵ֮ԯдĹâԽԽҫۣԼԼԿõһƬ׳Ļϯչֳ½ķܶʷ
һ̵ԯЯӴˣڤڤ֮һɿֲݹԯնһҫ۶Ŀĺƴâ
ͬʱȼɫĻ棬ʹԽԽǿҲԽԽֲ
ȼ𣿡Ҷǳüͷû뵽ôƴȻҪȼˡ
ԣⲻȼԯ׼ҶǳȻɫһ䡣
ȼս࣬Ǽʵûǿ࣬ǿеԯ
ʱԯѾӳ˻֮ǺޱߵĿֲܣֱҪˣⷽضս
ãһҾԵסҶǳɫһ䣬ºԥضë˴㿪
䣡ڴʱһǿƴķ񷡣
ţҶǳͷʱϲ
Ϊѩڽʮһս񾳽磬һλ߸ϵʥŮŵȨȱǰδеԣһɹɷڵǿϢ


1177 ʮһ
ѩڽʮһս񾳽ˣƱǵѩҶǳɵϲɫ
ѩӵе֮һﵽʮһս񾳽磬ӳսԿȾͷ
һܹӳ׼ͷսܵеùѩġ
һսӮˡ
ѩѾͷ̤ʮһս񾳽磬壬ڵˡëЦ
ҲЦ˵ҶǳһʮƷʣµĽѩˡ
ѩ㹻ˡëЦѩһš
Ҷ磬Ұɣѩһ΢ЦеȨȹâɣƬ֮йâѹȥ
ҶǳѩɢǿƣипѣСѾͷһֱ󣬽ȴԵǰˡ
ѩҲܸˣڿ԰ҶǳˣмȨעŻʹһǿܡ
䣡
ձըһƬɫĹĻϯȥ
ʱص¶ڼ½Ϣ˷ϯȥ
ۿõĲȱأգɱϢᡣ
ľһҲ˰У漴Ϊ׹䡣

𾪵ؿһĻͫɫǳѿ
֮ǰûëЩϷǽʮһս񾳽磬Ҳû¡
ȴû뵽ЩеһŮȻӵһһǸĵ
ԭֻһĻѩܷӳͷʵϾֻǰ벽Ǹոսʮһս񾳽磬Ϊֽ˺ܾõϱǿѷɫࡣ
ëЩʮһս񾳽磬õӳͷʵ
ѩһ޴ƣǾ֮ΪҸĹƥ䣬ܹӳ
Ϊӳѩ֮ҲѩܹԽʵӳͷսԭ
ѩѾͷݺëѩʤʱ˷ܵش
Ҷǳ״û˻صʮƷǰܵԶɱ򱻽סʥϡ
ҶǳɱңʥŹģǲ̳ᱻʥ
ʥϿҶǳɱɫױˣ֪ԼˣҲ˵òʲôȣƿڴҶǳ
ϼһͷᣬµȥɡЦʥѪзǳ졣
ʽ
ҶǳøʥϷϻֱӷʽѾ˵ʥϺɱ
ҶǳͽһصʮƷǱߣһʮƷһѩἧ塣
Ҳǰ׳գ²Ϊˡ
ѩȻʵͷҪ¼廹ǲܵģԷһ˺վӵˡ
ϧˣǵǶ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ӲˡëЩź˵
ҶǳȱˣмҪ˵
Ҷǳ񣬻淢ëˡ
˫˻Ȼֱ̬꾪
Ҳһ֮ɫ
Ҫˣ˵ЩɣʮǿһУвپͷ׼磬һǶ̤˵硭ëҶǳЩĵΣˡ
Ϊ޵һԱëǳ·ǰʵ壬ټʥѹƣԵúܵ͵
ڣЩǿ߶̤˵磬ô½»ᱻͳΣΪڶ޴½
˵Ҳкܶڳʥˮδ½ƻʡ
ҶǳûеİΣϾͳ½ô꣬صǿ߿϶١
ЩʲôϵǻǸϽʮƷ̤ʮһս񾳽硣ٲʵĻصʱԱʵûˡ˵
ëͷеˣʵɣȳȥٿ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ¼˿ʼʮƷѩҲˡ
֮һɹǿϢӴ˵رƬضս
ëС塢ӵ˶׷׽ʮһս񾳽硣
ҶǳȻҲ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ʵǿĸֱ࣬ͷǿ츳һɡ
ʮƷڰ˽ʮһս񾳽֮Ҳͺĵ
үڴﵽʮһս񾳽ˣë˷ܵĴС
Ҳһ֮ɫ޴½ǴûԼ̤ʮһս񾳽磬Ͼ޴½ʮһս񾳽ǿߵ
ҿҶǳ뿪޴½˿̷ǳԼѡҲܸмҶǳ


1178 ·
ż˶̤ʮһս񾳽磬Ҷǳʵ쳣ǿ
ͷεսҶǳѩˡ
ëС嶼𣬴˷̤ʮһս񾳽磬ʵҲﵽʮһսļޣӽ׼ͷΡ
;ѷһҲ˶١
ڱ˵ʲôͼˣǵ졮ˣǶ֮һս
оǰδеǿ󰡣
Ҷǳ˫ȭڳŵǿзǳĳ죬ϲɫ
ৣ
ҶǳкȻ⼤֮貵ĺۼһǿƣϲͷųԱߵë˶еһѹ֡
ʱҶǳͷ·һ޴Ļ¯һɢųȵĹâΧ޷ӽ
ʵǾͷƣܹﵽˣվ½۷壬ưһһ֮档
˵ڵ½ܹвҶǳˣǾֻʣµˡ
ҶСӣֻʣ°µʱˣǼͷжܲռһЩë˵
ҶǳԴ˲ϣϾµʱתۼţҵʮƷĵ
ֵȼıǵİҲͷǳСˡ
ȻҶǳҲ£ë˵ͷ֮󣬱һȥ
һǼӿٶȣЩͼֻ߼ı֮󣬲ȥժ
ϧµʱ䣬վûʮƷֵ

º
ţ
ҶǳȻͣڰУüͷһ壬ܵһǿ֮мѹҪ˵ء
ųʱţԽԽǿ󣬽أҶǳʼֵסˡ
ʱ䵽ˣ޷ҩ԰ˡҶǳжʱ򣬵ë˴ѶȻϵʯŷȥ
ͬʱҩ԰ڵߣҲܵǿųòѰʯŷȥ
Ƭ֮䣬б㲼ǿߵӰȫʮսʮһսûһʮսµߡ
Ҷǳ˲ˣʮǿһڡԨɽн˫Բȵȡ
һɢǿƣȻҩ԰кܴջΪʵ
ȻҶǳǻѷɫһЩϾṳ̂ʮһս񾳽磬ҲֻǴﵽʮսԲ硣
䣡
ͻȻһǿƴʯﱬȻҩ԰ϯȥ
治֪ʲôʱʯŸۣĿɨˣ˵Ҷǳɣ뿪ҩ԰
ϢǳֲȻѾﵽʮһս񾳽磬ǹǿϯȥͷǿƣڳ˶ܵ˾޴ѹ
˧磬
ҲԱߣѾﵽʮսԲ磬ʵ㹻ſԺɱë
ο߻һǿ棬žҶǳǰҲڵĶ֡
ﵽʮһս񾳽棬ʵͷԺɨҩ԰ڵߡ
棡
˻Ȼ̤ʮһս񾳽磬޵ˡ
޵УһҲֻһʥĴ˼⡣
Ҷǳˣﵽʮһս񾳽棬ͷĿֲս

ǶͣסŲ۷׷ס
ȻҪҩ԰ɱҶǳ֣λ
⣬һȻ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ҶǳΣˡ̵ĸԪȺУ֮ɫ
Աߣǲ̵һλĽ庮ȻҲﵽʮսԲ磬ʵڶǿ˵ˡ
ѾҶǳϵˣ˵ǲҪġĽ庮ͻȻ˵ɫЩŹ֡
ǿǷǳģҲҶǳȺֶĶӣο滹̤ʮһս񾳽磬治֪Ҷǳš
ԪҲһóռ䷨ּϵҶǳõĻظĽ庮һǽǲõġ
м¶ǿţзǳɣѵҶǳĿԿ棿Щܰɣ
ҶǳҲﵽʮһս񾳽磬һĶ֡
۸¸£Ȼ˲֪սүҲãүþûгˣÿͷצ
ͻȻһϷŰĴЦ
ԶձȾһƬɫ
һֻ;޴Ĳ˷һɾ˵Ŀֲƣڳ߶еһѹ֡
㡭㾹Ȼﵽʮһս񾳽磬ôܣڵɴ۾ëš


1179 

𾪺ͲŵɫëԵ÷ǳĿģЦ˵ڣٶҲ̫ˣȻֻʮս񾳽磬үѾ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ƾҲսү˭ĵӣʶĸϽү¿ͷ˵үһģͰ㵱һƨˡ
ԶֵȺǱЦͬʱзǳȡ
һ˭
Ȼ̫ڱһƨ裬ֱһӶ尡
ȻҲϳë֪ǲһʵǳǿ
˧磬ޣ
һ˵֣͸еģҧݵغ쵰̤ʮһս񾳽磬Ҳ뿪ҩ԰
裬к޲̽ëƤ
̤ʮһս񾳽磬ֵһᣬҶǳɣǽҲ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ǵ֮ء
Աͦڣ䶢ëڿһˣûë
棬㻹ôĿѾͷȻôүͳȫ㡣
ëһЦؿ棬ͻȻЦѩѾͷɡ
䣡
һǿƣһҲѷɫӺ֮ϯڣնս
һͷ
˸ܵǿƣжһǸеǳ𾪣ʲôʱͷôֵǮˣ
˲ɵͷȥ
ֻԶ֮УһɫȹֳȨȵľṲ̊ն
ߵȻǼ֮䣬Ѿ˵ǰ
¡¡
ѩĿ棬еȨȼҫ۵ԣȥ
˿µĹΧձһ޴ĳ¶֮УƬظ
㣡
ϳѩҶǳǸ֮УԴŮЩӡ󣬱ϾŮһ
ֻǰûѩû뵽ŮѾ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ܹӳеˡ
ǿĹͷҲСɫأƽʥ壬һȭǰȥ
¡¡
شըһƬڡ
ѩⱩǣ߾ȨȣƾµŮƴ罵ٵŮɢԽԽֲ
ûʲôȫ߶е֮㱬涼ҴĹ
˿ؿõʵҲﵽ˾ͷΣѩɲ·磬ȫȫصס档
⡭ⲻܣ
۾ӶɳˣҲʶѩӡ֮УѩֻҶǳǸкòԸһŮ𶼲Ȼǿˡ
𾪣սҲ𾪲ѡ
찡ѩʦþȻһҸĹȫƥ䡣̵Ľ庮һ֮ɫ
Ԫ˷ܵ˵֪ΪʲôҶǳôˣԭѾͷ͵õһֻһֱţֱʮһս񾳽¶
ҲǺģ̫籩¶ͱסˡĽ庮˵ͷȴǷǳĽǿǵ
Ҫ֪½һЩͷδӵе
ѩһʮһսȴӵ˵
ѩѾͷʵ㱩¶Ҳû˿ĵˡ
ѳɣ˵ıˡ
ڣڵˡëѩס棬ʱһؿԱ֮еڣ˫ɱ
ܵëͷųǵصɱڶʱһΪëһëսǾ
ûʲô˵ڲ˼ԼƤֱӳʯŷȥʯŽһӾͷɳҩ԰
ߣС̫ӶǵС嶪ëһ
ûȥ׷ΪڵʵҲǿһҪӵĻҲ׷ϵġ
պôʱꡢӡСҲ˹
ëкɱ棺ֵǣһ档
Ǹգʩչӡ档
ǵһ˵ʵȻ棬ǼȴǾ춯ء
ϾǶѾ̤ʮһս񾳽磬һʵǿޱȡ
ο汻ѩǣסˣֻܱܵëǵĹʱŭ
ΧֱΧˣ
кܱʵǿޱȣ±ΧֱҶǳȺˡ
ʵҶǳȺ˵ʵ̫ǿˣĶǰ벽𣬺ü𣬻һӵе
һȺһ𣬶ʱûƢҪҶǳֵˡ


1180 ս
ҩ԰Ͽգһ׼뿪ҩ԰ɫŹЩŴͣĿɿڴ
ǿʲô
澹ȻΧˣ˸ѹˣֱ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ԳǵȺŹݺ޵Уɨˣʲôʱѹƹ
ԶԲѪԨһɫޱȣҶǳֲ̫ˣҶǳôһҶǳ˭࿹
˵ܲٲܲپ͵
ڴʱһϤǿϢԶʺƵһɾ޴ĺ˷籩ŰƬء
ȥҶǳ˫̤գһǧ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͳ˵ǰ
ʱҶǳһ̫ҵĽ͸貶ֶĿս
ܵҶǳͷųĿֲƣ˶ͷȻ𾪲ѡ
ʣһͷ
ôܣ
𾪡
ѩͷ˵ϾѩһҸϡ
ҶǳƾʲôȻҲ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ôܻͷ
˵ӡ֮УҶǳ°ܽ츳Զ棬һ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ܹ档
Ҷǣ
ѩΧ棬ȻҲܵҶǳǿϢǹϤĿֲϢ𾪲ѡ
ҲҶǳʵȴᾪˣΪѾҶǳҩ԰սһΣԷ츳٣һʮһս񾳽磬ȷźս
棬ּˣ˵ҪɱңðҾɱҰҶǳһЦؿ˵
ɫǳѿѩΧѾˣټһǿҶǳô
Ƥתӣ
ˣ޵£ôܻܣ
û˿Ҳˣô˿ţǲսӣǶ˾Ͷˡ
ҶǳΣǲ̵ÿһ𶼻УһҲ⡣˵
ͬʱչֳԵҵĵأһɾâкɨȥ
ء
ʱһƬããֲĵâն񷣬ⷽ綼ˡ
¡¡
嫵ƾ˵̵ĺˮкƺƵǵصسǰӿȥư硣
䣡
ѩȫ߶е֮ʱֲܣϯ磬ɱȥ
İԵ̫ˣȻӲܣǿƻѩɨȥë˶Ѫɡ
£
Ҷǳ̤նʾë˰֣Լǰһȭ档
䣡
ռȭ
µĵռȭУһȭȥͺضҪ㸲һ赲
ԶԶȥռ䶼Ҷǳ򴩣ҵȭâİԵӲţֲơ
䣡䣡䣡
ҶǳȻȭͷԼİԵЦ̫ˣΪ޵УӲҵİԵֱ
ͣ
ȫ߶Եҵĵâ˺Ѳռ䣬Яž춯صĿֲܣҶǳնɱ
һնȥնг룬ɭȻڳ˶еһҫ۵ĵâֱֱɱҶǳ
ʽ
Ҷǳ˫ݻʽʱӳأԵޱȵ𺳡
ԶսȺһˡ
˭ֻҪǿҶǳƿ𣬶𾪵ױȡ
ҵ찡ûп۰ɣ
˲ŰȻ˴˵еķʽ
û뵽սȻˡ

һ߾
̵ĸԪĽ庮Եޱ𺳡
ףΪʲôҶǳôǿˡ
ϻһƿǿҲýˣֱӽˡ
ߣ
ȴͼʶҶǳķʽһȫ߶ԵҶǳͷ
ûСҶǳķʽеŰԵ֮й룬ҵĵޱҫۣߴ֮Գš
ҶǳҲȫ߶ʽߴɵĩǳѤʮһս񾳽Ļ֮£ĩѾصĿֲ
սˣڿԵĩʱ򣬶ܵԼڲִﵽ˾ͷεĿֲǵ궼ڷ
ͷ½۷壬ֲεԻأݻһ
ȥɣȫ߶Են
ߣҶǳһƶĩӭ档
ɲ֮䣬ҵĵգֲĵâɨϵ£Ļ꼤ߴⷽ綼ˡ


1181 
ĩıվûɱ棬ȫңƳȼգƽʥ߶˼ޣְֳԵ֮ɱ˳
ǲ
еİԵһ漴죬ų˿˿ѷ죬ȻֱӱϣƬ˺գ˷
ȻΪ˳ĩҲ˼Ĵۡ
ֱǿˣ
ŶҶǳղŵĽ֮УҶǳǰǿˡ
ԵĵطҶǳﵽ׼徳磬ͬһΡ
˵ʱҶǳΪ׷츳Ҳ׷Ѿͬһεˡ
ͣ
ҶǳЦ
Ϊѹųɳô죬˵ҪлԷ
¡¡
ͻȻҩ԰ڵ˶ܵһӴųҪǼȥ
ҶǳҲɫһ䣬ų֮ǿǶЩľˡ
ԶһЩʵʮսѾųóʯŷȥ
ߣ֪սܳˣһת̤ʯţʧ
ߣҶǳѩ˵һʯš
Ҳʼ뿪ˡ
˶ʯڳ󣬺ʯŶʱرˣȻʧ֮С
ЩʯŵĵǣѾʧһĿɿڴнɻѡ
ֻҶǳףЩˣҪôȥɽٳˣҪôҪ죬Ͼĳ֣½ĸֶıˡ
ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڳ˵Ŀռ䷨ּɫһ䣬ЩͬѰ׷óԼĿռ䷨ּ
һǶʱˡ
Ҷǳ֪Щ˿϶յԼڴѶϢϾôͷ϶½ˡ
ȻڳһЩߣڿԼĿռ䷨ּ֮󣬶׷˺뿪
ҲһûмҶǳֱӴȥˡ
Ƭ֮䣬оֻʣҶǳˣдӲԶϹĸԪĽ庮ˡ
Ҷǳ
ԪǹϲҶǳʵģռ䷨ּϢ֮󣬶ʱɫص˵磬ܵʥϮɱȻǿɹ٣أǻǸϽȥǡ
ȻϣҶǳѩȥǵģϾҶǳѩڶ˿ȾͷʵҲֻǣò̸еġ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪˵жأ̾ͽһͷεǿߣһսô̾Σˡ
ãϻȥ
Ҷǳɫ࣬Ҳ֪ԣ˺գһ˲ȥ
ﵽʮһս񾳽֮Ҷǳ˲ƾ࣬˲ƣ뿪ޣִݡ
Ƭʱ䣬ͻص˲ǡ
ǾͷʵǿԶʱݺ½أԲܳưһΪͷ
ҶǳԪһľͷ·ٶȾ͸ˡ
ô
صǺ󣬿űݻ˴ĲǣҶǳ˶һĳء
ԶĲǣдĳǽˣ෿ݱݻ٣ڸо޴ӣЩطǽһƬ
Ȼǳսĸӿֲ
Ҫ֪ǿǿػȻƻӣɼʱսжôֲ
ߣǽȥ
Ԫܳأǧǰͼ˲̣˼ǧ꣬ⲹǾ൱ļң񿴵Լļ԰ٻȻù
Ҷǳ˸ڸԪ;ٲ̵ؽǣǵɫǳأԵʿ䡣
Ҳѹ֣ǱشƲأڲ˵ȷһ޴Ĵ
ãǿҶǳ˻ɫһЩ
٣Ҷǳһ˶ţкüǲ̵ϣ
һֱӽ˵磬иӭǡ
ϸ
һߣ˵ֺܸߣ̽һ֣Ҳܴˣǲļ֮һ
ǸУԪҶǳ˽ܵ
ȻҲ֪ҶǳЩ̵㣬ǿҶǳʱĿͣ˵úúãǶ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ǲ̵Ĵˡ
Σ֮ʱ̵ɳиеǳο
ǿɲʮһսô򵥣ҶǳʵѾܹͷˣ֮ǰҩ԰ʱһս·硣ԪЦ
Աߵƺɵɫ˳顣
ëҲɫŹ֣ЦЦܡ
ԪڼҫѩѾͷӵһҲԷӳͷս
ȲؽϢУΪ֪ڿ϶Ϊ̵δеǣҶǳѩڣǻʲô
ȻҶǳѩȻӵͷʵϵ֮ɫʱһɨȡ֮ļ˷ܡ


1182 ŵ
úúãǣҾͷĶˡ
пҶǳѩһص˵ǲ֪˵ϢѾ˳ȥܶǲеĴڻֻʱû˸ͷ񣬵ܿǾͻ̽ġ
ҶǳɫأҲ̵ĵкܶ࣬˵ħɣ˵ȵȡ
Щɣǰַ̣ʱǾԻ侮ʯġ
֪Щ˽𣿡ҶǳѯʵЩģЩ벹Ϊе̤˵磬ȻΪ̵һ޴в
Щǿ߶ݣ˭Ҳ֪Щ˳ɹ˵硣
гһԿ϶Ǿʮǿһ峤ɹ˵磬ħɣӦû˽ɹϢǿҪѯʽˡ
ΣҶǳʵ
ҴȥɣҲ㣬شѾû취Ǵˡ̾
Ҷǳüͷһ壬һֲõԤУڵ֮жû취ôƸжأ
£ҶǳԸǰصҶǳׯ԰ʼչأҩ԰еջ

һ֮УҶǳ˽
µ˵ĺأǵҶǳ֮󣬻ǱƸˡ
ʱĲ̽һľϣϵѺۣд۵Ĺâѷ֮гҪըһ
ҶǳʵѾȼͷظӦõĲһɳȻţĻͱըˡ
Ȼûʧ̤ʮһս񾳽㣬ѾͷսҾͷˡ
ҶǳĿ¶һĨο֮ɫ
Ҷǳ޷𣿡
ս񣬼ݻ٣Ҳһ飬ʧһ㱾Դ֮ѡ
ǿڵǲеˡ
ﵽս񾳽磬ǵѾΪһˣ˵磬Ѿںϣֱ˴ˡ
˵ԣڵ磬һݻ٣Ǿ
Ҷǳüͷô˵սƣ֡
һ˵ԽߣֶԽŶԡȻսԶûֻһ
ʹˡ
ҡͷս񾳽磬ʲôΣΪ˵ϾͻΪ塣ӲޱȣѱٻֻǸոսĵһʱڣҾʱڱʥشȻɱҡ
Ҷǳɫص㵱õһ磬ȻʥҲˡ
ʱ磬ܵʥֺɱô½ľͷûѡ磬ֱ̽һͷҲʥϮ
ǲ̽ͷڿѾǵˡ
㲻
̽ҡͷǲͷȺ޵󱲾͸ӲͷˣʱǾʹγľ硣һȵʥɱԺҲûֻˣұͷ
˵̽տտѾ̤˵磬ԵŵϦӣѾûźˡ
Ҷǳ֪ô˵ˣ½ľͷʥѹô꣬ò׳һĻᣬȷ˷
뿴ǧʱԳ磬ȴܳжôܣ
ǧ걻һ磬˷ġ
֪Щ˽ҵĲ̵ĵ˻еһǲ̾ΣˡҶǳʵ
̽˵ʱصģҸղѾ˵ˣһһʱڡʱڣЩǲҳģǻҪʥ׷ɱʱвǲ̡ҪıǻʵȵЩʥעٳ硣
Ҹո̤ʮһս񾳽磬ʱڸû硣Ҷǳҡͷ
磬Ҳôﵽʮս񾳽УȻֻһ磬ȴǶʱڿ԰õġ
ǣһС
㲻õģѾǵһһĵǲ̵Щǿࡣ
̽Ц˵һϢҺһԪһġԣµǿ̤ʮս񾳽硣
Ҷǳû˿ˣǰĲ̽ʵѵûа취κ𣿡
а취ʥͲҹӲдˣΪ֪ˣŻһ
̽ҡͷ
ҶǳĬ


1183 
ӽ뿪ҶǳܳأȻĽ࣬λܾء
ڲ̵ʷУλǷǳӢģĴ£̲Ŵﵽ˵ڶ۷壬Ϊǿһɡ
ڵһ۷壬ǲ̵ʱ򣬱ϾǵʱĲȻǿʢʱ
ҶСӣǽôˣ
صׯ԰ëҶǳɵʵ
Ҷǳɫصҡҡͷ
ëɫһ㶣漴𾪵ɣǿһ
ΪǵҶǳ̾˿̽ǡ
˶Ĭˣһ䣬Ǹеܿϧ̽䣬ô̾ԻΪʥصġ
ŵϦӣǽ˾壬½ʢ½»ᱻʥͳΡëһ̾
ͽҲ겻ѡ
һ䣬ʵ̫ϧˡ
ˣڲǱ˵ʱ򣬽֧Ų˶ˣһˣ϶һЩС֮ǲ̣Ǳڴ֮ǰʵ
ҶǳˣտտָţҪصһ壬ȡǾλͷսټҺѩͷ˭޻ء
ǵأëǵڿɲǾͷʱˣǵʱˡ
ģ˵ˣսĵһڣʥ׷ɱǲġҶǳ˵
ë˿漴Цǻãǻ׼ʱ䣬СӾó漣û׼ǸʱҲԽˡ
ҶǳЦЦ漴˷ֱ𣬶Գֱӵִһɽ¡
ˣ
һϳˣһ۾ͿҶǳΪ磬ʱϲɫϲ̤ʮһս񾳽磬ǵһ㰾ͷˣ
ǳġ
Ҷǳǵһɳĵһ崫ˣǰĶʥĴ˻ɱˡ
ǵһô꣬ڵ˳ͷˡ
ϲɵһǿʢʱڴѡ
ϣҪȡҶǳֱ˵
ϵ˵ͷЦ˵ﵽʮһս񾳽磬˾Ѿǵһķһһжˡ
˵꣬ϽҶǳһ壬Ĺ
ǰӡҶǳ貵⣬ܾˣڿԻˡ
ǾͷһֳֵǾǾͷеǿߣ֮£塣
ڴ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦƣ̽һ
䣡
ҵĹâҶǳ֮бǿʱϵķӡơ
ǷӡҶǳеķӡ֮һǿϢʱõһ嶼ڲ
ѿˮһŰϯء
µĵƴӷӡϳ֮һƬš
Ʊɫ
ȣ
ϴһæ߶һػ󷨣ֹӳȥ
Ͼ̫ǿˣһ˲ˣЩ鷳
ҶǳڲͷεǿߣҲ鷳ǰ¶Լʵ
ǿ󰡣
ҶǳŷӡʱܵĿһʩչӡôֲܣܹ˵ͷεǿߡ
ҲʱЩϱͷҶǳ뵽гš
ͷҲǷʵģͬǾͷĲ̽ͱȵǿࡣ
ҶǳѩҲֻͷֻ½ľͷЩϱͷвࡣ
һĴڣֲЩ࣬ٿԱ֤ڲ֮ء
񵱳񣬾ܴ򲻹̵Ľһܵס̽Ĺڲ֮ء
ӵһľ޴ơ
䣡
ҶǳȡڶҲһѻɫľ޵𵶣ɢſֲķâһΧ¶ֱռڳŷɱ
ǲ
Ҷǳ𵶣ûд߶ǰձԶѿȻǳܲס¶ɱ
ɴ˿ɼжôǿ
һϽɫ񹭣񹭣˵һͷʵľƶɣԸǿĿá
硢С˶𣬶Ҷﵽʮһս񾳽磬ֻҪһӵпȾͷʵ
Ҷǳ뵽
ѩ̾λͷֻҪкξ壿
ͰϴкҶǳ뿪ˡ
ͨҶǳܿͻص˲ǡ


1184 
ҶǳиϢҶǳոջص磬Ԫһط˹
ʦʲô𣿡ҶǳЦ˵ںţһеˣԲ̫ġ
ԪոյϢݵĽڳˣѾͳһˣĿǰڶԸƹƹѾˡ
ҶǳһЦҪͷ񣬿ʼ̽ǲˡ
ô죿ҪȥԮƹ𣿡Ԫʵ
ȻǸҶǳʵǿҲҺҶǳĿ
ҶǳҡͷȥˣڵһλͷҺѩȥȥ·һôҪ̽ǲǷоͷҪҺѩȥ
Ԫ۾Ȼˣ˲ڰУĿǶԸǲ̡
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵ƹƹҪǼɣҪսаǲǣҷ㵽ס
а𣿡ԪЩţȻҶǳѩܹͷһΣǵĶ֣Ҳֹһͷһƾͷ
İɣѾѵһˡҶǳŵ˵
ģԪʱϲ֡
ڲΣѵʱͻȻǼֱѩ̿
ʦĵʱ䲻Ҫȥǲ̵ȫЩšǵǲܵġҶǳ漴˵
ţԪ˵ͷ

ԪҶǳصԼׯ԰
ѾȲë˶ʱӭ
ҶСӣأë˷֮ɫ
Ҳڴ
ҶǳЦЦ𵶡ӡȫ˳ʱ貵ׯ԰
ǵȻ죬һգԿԿͷëһ˷֮ɫ
Ҷǳ˵ͷëС˶һյЩƥ䣬Ҳܹӳͷεս
䣡
ȻҶǳе񹭾Ҫֶ
ͬʱСȻһǿ磬˸еѹ֡
ţ
ҶǳС壬ٿ˿е񹭣ʱϲ
ë˷ܵСõ񹭵Ͽɣ
Ҷǳſ񹭣񹭶ʱһ⣬СС
һɫĹ֮ӳ˳Сֱۣסȫ¡
һ˲䣬񹭱СΪһ壬ͺֱһʹ

˾
ͽǶһĽؿС塣
ʣѡС塣
ͺ񵱳֮ѡѩһ
Сܹӳ񹭵
Ϊǿд߶ţȻҲܹͷΪΪʵǿ
Ϊոսʮһս񾳽磬¾û취ͷˡ
ѩͲһˣӵһԼƥĵոսʮһǾͷ
СҲѩһõ˵Ͽɡ
ңСҪѩǿһЩϾѩǰ벽𣬶С
ɵúãС塣
ҶǳЦ˵񹭱һλʵľƶɣ϶ǸܵצݣټϢԲ
ţҶ磬˵ĲȷʣܹиܵʵϢ
С۾Ƭ۾ϲɫ񹭵ҵһģҿԷӳȫ
ôھˡ
ҶǳЦЦСԼĺû飬Ǵս½͸ģ񹭽С壬ܷġ
еķӡ𵶣Ҷǳë˵ҲѷӡԲ磬÷ӡɡ
һˣվǲһ𣬲ǲ̵ģǸɣǲ̵ġëҡͷ
æ˵Цˣǵʲôʱôǫˡ
ˣӡûΪǿһ߶ǵһʹǿˡ
ҶǳЦ˵
Ҷǳе𵶽꣬߶ʱĿɿڴ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ңЩ˼飬ƺû뵽ԼȻҲзݡ
Ҫ֪ëҲֻǹͬʹһȴһҲ̫˼˰ɡ
Ҳõģʱʹãڴڼ䣬ܹΪˡҶǳЦ
ʱظֵܣʲôҲ˵ˣԺˡ
ҶǳЦ
ͽԴӸ뿪޴½ǶԸǶԸ棬ǶԸ壬ҲǳֵΡ


1185 һ
½ʱӿһȺͷ磬ʥ׷ɱ
ٺҩ԰ڵ˳ˣҶǳһսϢ¡
Ҷǳһδ½ųǿ˸κ顣
ܹʮһս񾳽ӵͷսҶǳǶ½ǿš

ݣƳǡ
ݣȴƹ֮⣬Ѿѡ񳼷ˡ
ڵʹѾˣһڣƹڱѹһƹ
񣬾һֻʣ°µʱˡ
ƹڵתš
Ѿǲ̫ȥԮˡ
̫ӻˣڵ⡣һ˵
ƹһϲæ˵̫ӽ
һͽˡ
ƹŴӵҴ߽̫æʵô˵ǲ˵ĺء
涼ˣ˵̽أ䡣
ΪˣڲŸҶƹֵġ
ң˵ħҲڴˡ
ȻڸУһ̽䣬ô⣬ͳ˸Ķ
ʣҲûмǸԪ£ȥǱܱܷͷ˵
ƹʱһƨϣ̾˿̽ƲأҪȻòǵͷڹꡣ
ʣҪǲеģȻأǲ̻Ҷʦ֣츳֪ģ̤ʮһս񾳽ͷδ̤ʮս񾳽磬жôǿ󣿡Ҷǳʱһ羴֮ɫ
ʵϣĲ̣ûһӲҶǳġ
Ͼǰʥ˼ѹ½ţһֻ
Ҷǳܹǿ⣬ʵò̵һڵܲѡ
Ҷǳǰ;ĳҲ࣬β̴ͷһδؿ֧ŵסһˣǿ츳ҲûáƹҡҡͷҪ侲ࡣ
ʣѲҪڣһڣԺͶǵĿˣݵıǲйƹġ
ǲ̺ͽڵĲ֮ͬ
̱ϾԶݣ˵
ԣƹͶ̣Ҳֻһɽ̲ܲƹ飬ƹġ
ǽڲһڴӪݣڽҪһͳݣҪݴһ飬ôƹٶ
ԣƹ𶼲Ը⳼ڡ
ʰ֣ȥǡһǾͶһѣܲܳŹȥ
Σƹҧҧ˵
һ֮еġ
ףˣԸ⳼ڣһܡ
ãھȥšʱЦݣǲ̵ӣȻѡվڲߡ
ңǲҶǳѩľͷδǰ;ֻҪŹһѹأǲ̻һǿ

һº
ڵĴɱƹƹгǳأѡ񳼷
Ͼƹ֮ǰѾ˵ˣǲҪֿɲҪ
ԣڴѪշƹгǳء
ڵĴϽ죬нڵĴ˽˫Ҳڴ֮Уӵĸǽڵһλʮһս񼶱ĳǿߡ
ƹҪﶼȥˣվǲԸ⳼ǽڡ˫ɨӳȥʱ̽ƳǵһС
һЦߵѣûʲôǽҪƹǼ㡣ңѱǳҲ·һ
ûôŰɣ̻ҶǳѩأҲӵоͷʵ˫˵Ҷǳ֣ҲΪ塣
Ҫ˵ǰĻ˫ҪҶǳǿҶǳܹ濹֮û˼ˡ
ߣûв֧̽ţ⿿󱲣ǳŲҵġ
ЦЩ̲֪꣬˶ٴĵ˿ɲֹǽһͿŰɣò˶ạֹ̃Ϸ⡣

ݣǡ
֮УҶǳһμ˲ֶֽ֧̽࣬Ųһˡ
㽫Ϥ𣿡̽Ҷǳѯʵ
ǰѾٿزطҶǳΪĲҲֻܿҶǳ֧š
ҶǳµĲ̵̽һڸҲûзԣϾҶǳ츳ʵ˭ҷԡ
Ѿ˲졣Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵һϢ
ŶϢѾµˣ϶ȡ˵һǵ츳ֻҪƿһܿȾͷЩͷڣˣҲ֧̣ȷһϢѾˡ̽Ц˵
̽Ĳ²⣬ҶǳɵݸһЦ
´ˡҶǳҡͷ˵ĺϢǶƶԣʱ˵һĳӡҲѯ˲һԡٽǲ̵ġҵһַкܴļָơ
̽ԣȴûжٸˣЦҲΪˣǵ˵ЩҰޡϾûвһѪ
һֵܾǲˣҲﵽʮһս񾳽磬ֻҪһ㾫Ѫý
Ҷǳ˵ңܹʹزٿط˲衣
ҪӴ֪һλҪôӴ𣿡̽̾ܲôء
㿴ҶǳԼأò̽ǺѹѹһƬʬ塣
ҶǳЦ˵ЩʬĵôĳʬԿһλˡҵĳӡѾԲ磬ȫԳȡЩʬ㡣
СһһСˡ
̽ԣҵĹâտտ⿿Щҵ̫ˣټϡеĲ컻طϣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ЩټϡеĲ컻طܳɹˡŽ϶ѡԲ磬еĹȻΣգǻкܴʳɹġ
һ㼸ʣҲԳˣϾٻܱڸ𣿡̽Ц
ھ׼ɣϾʱ䲻ˡҶǳ˵
̽½Ǽ֪ǲ̵ĸҲܸǣǹ˵ҴѵҪ֮λ㡣
ţҶǳ˵ͷ֪㲹̽ҲǶʱڿõġ


1186 عⷵ
Ҫʱ䣬ҲҪʱ䡣
뵱Сͻ˲ʱ䣬ο̽ĵ
֮̽󣬲Сʧȥ䣬ҲҪ
ǵѾһֻҪָܻ֮Ϊӵеʵ
ҲҶǳڴ˲ڽЩʱǲ̲е

ûãһȺ̵ĸдǣͶ˲̽
̽ԼϢø·һھҪһ
һڲ̵ĸϣеܱˣһֱ̽ǵ֧нڣǲŰġ
񣬲̽Ҫˣһã׷׵δĲ̡
Ҳ֪ˣҵʱ䲻ˣͽ֮λҶǳ룬츳ʵʸ񵣵Σ˭飿
̽˵
һڸʹϣвվҶǳߵģһЩǰ֧Ľ庮ģ˿Ҳû顣
ϾҶǳ츳ʵĿõģĽ庮ץߣҶǳȳġ
츳ʵټ϶õһ壬Ľ庮Ĵͣ˭ҷԣ
Ǻã
һڸʹû飬̽˵ͷ漴ؿҶǳӽǲ̵һʮν̵δұ㽻ˡ
ӲʧġҶǳɫȻص˵ͷ
һκξغ̵ǰ޾ˡ
ȻҶǳǰս½ʱ򣬾ƹܹѧԺԴ׼
ֻҪʵǿˣ̵飬ЩʹϾˡ
ʵֻҪʵĲࡣ
ȥɣٰνδ䡣̽漴˻֣һڸʹȥ
δ䲻ǶʱܹźõģЩʹھҪʼ׼ˡ
ϾݵĴɣеһɵƣνľδȻܵ͵ʱҪʲôˣǰ׼á
½Ĵ顣

֮Ҷǳë̽ˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ʼɣ
̽ҶǳëһۣЦ˵ҪţҶһ֮ˣܹɹãɹҲûʲô˵ġ
ǻǺĵġ
ҶǳЦЦ漴óëľѪò̽
ֻвһԡΪѪԣֻЩ˵ѪҺӵԡʸ
ëﵽʮһս񾳽磬ľѪǳǿԱ֤ǿԡ
ȻҪ˲ѵ㡣
ǿԼԡȴ޷ˣΪ˲
ǳֲһСľͻ˼
ܹزٿغ÷˲һëҲǲһȻӵз˲𣬵Ҳ̸Ͽزٿֻ档
ҶǳõΪ˷˲˲Ϊһ壬ʹĲٿأԲ⡣
߶ط
Ҷǳٿŷ˲𣬽̽ûȵĻ棬ʱϯ
Ȼģ̽ϥʩչеĲ컻طԼָ֮
ȻָǼֲ˶õģϾҪġ
ȴʱӵеս
ΪˣֻҪ̽ûЩˣͲַ̣»ᱻ̽ȥ汳
һǰķˣͷġ
ӡ
ҶǳʱشأʩչӡԴԴϵ̽Լάֲ
䣡
ͬʱǿĵϢҲӲ̽ϱ˲̵ĵ磬˲ǵػ󷨣ϯȥ
һʱ䣬ǿ߽𶯲ѣһ̧ͷ̵ķ
ǿƣ˸еޱѹ֡
ǿߣµǲ̽
Ҳ֪̽ҪˣǰĻعⷵա
Ҳ˺ܸпٲ̤̽˵磬ʵǰĸ߷塣

عⷵգߺߣ䣬û뵽Ҳн죬ҵ˵ˣ󣬾㲹̣ǸԵʱˡЦ
䣬һ׳գȻͷ񣬳ȫ˱ˣԼҵġҲãǲ⣬ڿˡħЦ
̫ˣɾ͹ˣ䣬ò̸һɡ˵

ݣ
û˲̽вҪԲ̶ˡ
ݵߣҲеһɰӿ


1187 ˫ϲ
̣硣
ҶǳѾ̽һ裬ȵĻʧһźĳ뽫̽ʬ
ɹˣû뵽еĳʬȫĴһλǿֲҶǳ˿
ˣܸˣϾɹˡ
̽סˣֻҪȵ̽ǲ̾һλˡ
ৣ
ͬʱһҶǳ֮С
ëԱ߿۾һϲԭǽҲԪһģһλĵҸ㻹ƥ䣬ԽΪ࣬ѹǽһ㶼̻Σա
ǴԪһҶǳ΢΢ЦΪԻᱩǡ
Ͼ֮У̺ĴԪһҶǳʮս񾳽硣
򵥵˵ԪһԵĻôҶǳѾ˿Ծı׼𰸣ֻҪ̾ˡ
ɻɿࡣ
СӣҪչһˡë˵ĵôģϾвο𰸣ҲҪһʱ̡
չأҶǳЦʱûǸʱ䣬ЩһѾȲˡ
ʣŲ̽䣬һЩǿѾӦˣǲϾҪѹΣˡ
Ǿ׼սɣ޻ءëһɱ˵
ڼİ£ǲ̶˺üͷȻеһдС
ˡ
ȻҶǳоԼĿռ䷨ּɵóһʱˡ
ʲôˣ˵ģëͻȻϲɫҶǳɵú
Ҳ
ҶǳԹЦ˷ܵضë˵ղʦҴѶϢ˵Ѿõڰˣڸϻ
ë۾һ漴Цǽ˳ʦְҵ˺ڰ˫ϲŰ
ڰڵõˣֻһֹˡҶǳ漴̾˿ЦϧһͷҲûа
ֻܿԵˡëҡҡͷ漴˷ܵ˺ڰӦÿˣΪĵ壬ʵ϶ᱩࡣ
ӦÿЩϱͷˣҶǳһŵ˵
ò˵һ޴ĺϢ
ȣΪˣһȾͷǿߣòʵ
ΣĺڰҶǳʵ
ҶǳڸԼĴսˡ

̽䣬ٶ˵̽ˡ
ûϢΪǹǿĵϢͻȻʧѾйע̵ĸֲˣס
һʱ䣬ݶˡ
ܶ˶еӿһս١
̵ĳϡǣڱ˵֮С
ڸԪ£̵Ѿ˲ǣڲӴҵʱرˡ
˶µˣΣˡ
ܹΪսĶǰ׳գ˭֪ɵ䣬β̽䣬ħɿ϶Ź̵ĺûᡣ
Ȼ̵Ľո䣬ħɱ׷׳̵ĲҵϷˡ
еһʹûаæֵΪҲܵΣڴԱ֮С
Ȼ˶û뵽ʱ򣬲ҶǳΪµĽδҲٿˣݵһЩɣȴħ֮˲μӡ
ʱݵĿ⣬۵˲ǡ
һЩΪԼʵǿҪֵǿߣҲŲǷӵȥ
ڶಹ̵ӵİ£ٻĲѾָһģɣΰĳǳء
޴ػѾΡĲУԡһɫĹԣ쳣ҫ۶Ŀ
ΰĳǳأ֪֮ǷܴڣһӸ̾
Աߵһֻ˵˵ħѾ׼ˣûвܱ̽סȻҲڣ
ҶǳȻ츳վ̫ˣֵܵסħǼλƾͷĹ
ϧǸҶǳʱ䣬δĲ̿϶ᳬԽɣΪʥҲûܡ
ٺ٣츳ٸΣȥţǾͲˡ
˵ͼҲݣ̸壬ο϶ֵģεĶ̫ˣɡ
е񣬵׿ڷģȲ̽󣬾˲̡
ţ˵ݵĽڣ֮ǰΪƹ飬ڲж棬ο϶侮ʯ
ôУҪˡ


1188 
ǡ
綼Բ̴ͷǲ̵ľδɺ֣֪Ϣɢ޶ƼǣݵһЩҲɳǰףء
˶ԿóźһͲ൱Ĵɣȴֻɳʮս񼶱Ĵϴǰǵݲϡ
Ҫ֪һεĲ̽δ䣬ɿɳǿ߹ףأҲʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣŷǴɵݡ
ɣһ֦ͬѾ׼̣һ
Բ̵ĵʿܴѾʼеӲˣһƬȻ
Ҷֵ鷳ĺܴǿЩ̵ĵӣҪôʿ䣬ҪôٴУûһɵӡ
һ¥֮Уתǰʮ˵
磬ս½ҵһλʥӣëһ½ġ
ûëãΪֻս񼶱½ڴڻɫ
Աߣźҵһˣ׼ҵһˡ
׼ҵͷʥЦŶԺ˵ͲҪˣҶѾﵽĲΣнİ취ܹɨս½һԺɨ½
ⲻͬ
Ȼȥܶ꣬Ǻ绹ǵúҶǳ飬ϸһĨ֮ɫս½ֻһСط½ǿҪɨ½ѣѡ
Ǻǣôս½ܹһӷСһܹɨս½𣿡Цŷʵ
Զԡ
ڴʱ
һϤ
ѶˣΪβŰݷãס¥ѲΪǲûطס𣿡
Ц˽
룬ɫЩ
ս½սұ¥ʱǣû
񣬴ɢϢѾԶԶԽǣʦŵĳҪǿ
ɴ˿ɼѾﵽһɲľ硣
֣ǲŰݷãʵѵЦ
Цһ漴˵ͷ֣þò
ǵ츳ǻ֪н죬ǿҶ֡Ȼ˵һǲ̫Զˡ̬ˣߣҴȥ̣ҺúþһۡЦ˵
Ȼƴǡ
һ漴Ųȥ
·ϣЦ֣б°˵¥ѾչޣνǱ鲼½ˣ֪»ܸ˵ġ
Ȼ㿴ǸǼʱҵˣɼ¥۾һЦ
һ˿⣬漴ЦˣⲹҵĸԲ¥ߡ
֣˵¥ȻϢͨôӦ֪ħҪǲ̳˰ɣΪʲô׼ӭսٿδ䣿һʵ
ҲĿͶ˹
һЦ漴һŵ˵˵еħʲôҶ˵ˣ޻أԱǲ̵
һۣĽ𾪲ѡ
Ҷǳô

̣硣
ҶǳǶоԼĵԼս
УҶǳȻо죬Ҳˣټϲ֮̽ǰطͿƿز죬൱ڵ
Ͼǲ̵Ĵе
ڵ겹뿪½֮ǰط
طֻÿһεĽŻ֪һڿഫ
ΪˣҶǳԷӳȫټսϱͷҲа֮һս
Ҷǳ֮⣬ѩҲŬԼ֮Ĭ
ëһоӡż߶ϵԽԽ
Со񹭣ѾΪоǳףѾԷӳȫʵ֮ǿѾѩëִ߶ӡҲֻǺ൱
οСƿص񹭻һԶ̹ĵһʤ͸󣬺ơ
һ˶ʵڲڵ飬оδ䣬ԪˣҪǲġ
ҶԬκʦûˣҪ㡣Ҷǳչصĵط˵
Ҷǳ۾죬ǰľӣ΢΢Цǽְɣнֲϰߵġ
ǹأھǵĽһ˿Ц˵


1189 ǽ
žЦӣҶǳҡҡͷ漴˵Ԭκ𣿺þûˣһֱڱչأʱܹϻɼлǲ̣ûʧɣԺҲš
ţӵ˵ͷ漴ת뿪ǰ˵һ䣺ˣ˸㣬硢ˣӵ̡
磬
Ҷǳһ漴Ժиһɻ䡣
ȥˣս½һУôĿ
ꡣ
Ҷǳɵһ̾ʱ󣬴μû뵽һתۣҲкüˡ
˵ӣʱһų޵ļǿꡣ
ѧԺʱţӢ˲¶â
۹һˡ

ʱˮ֪ʹָš
Ҷʦ֣ӦǽǺǣ
úԬκˡ
ȻΪһǿϢӲҶǳ۾Ǵﵽʮս񾳽磬ЩԾ
˲ԴԬκΪ
ϲҶʦֵٽ֮λû뵽һμսˣȻΪ˲̵Ľ붼е˼鰡ԬκǰҶǳһ֮̾ɫ
Ļ
ʱ˸˵ҶǳԺΪ̵Ľš
ǰѾΪ½ǿ֮һʮһս񾳽ͷҵٲ֮̽λֳɾͼֱһ漣
ԬʦãҲϲˣʮսھͷΪǲ̵ĴϡҶǳЦ˵
ղ̵ĹأֻҪﵽʮս񾳽磬ȷҪΪϡ
ʮһս񾳽磬ǾǸ
ԺɳˣǺðԬκһϲ
Ҷǳֵ㣬˾Ϊ˳磬˵ɣʲô飿
û鰡ԬκҡͷҾǵݼˣȻǲΣ֮ʣΪ̵ĵӣȻҪ̹Ȼѡ
ģҺοҶǳ˵ͷ
ʱ򣬲ѾвٵˣԬκȻѡɼƷ˾ġ
ˣһһҪ㣬סǽ裬ͣɲûհǱĴԬκȻ˵
ҶǳݸһЦ˵һ֮Ҳǽһõ̰ѵǵһĴеǣҶ
ǰҲˣһԬκ΢΢һЦ漴óһɢɫâ񽣣ʱһǿϢ

ҶǳͫһЩš
ΪԬκںЦأϾǵʵܹóʲô
ǿǰʱˣڱҵĵš
ôɱıѵûµ
ȻǰǱĵ
ȻԬκ˿ҲЦŽ͵ǱĵǽԻΪ߰ӽɱǽλʮһս񾳽ĳǿƿأסһλͷ
˵ͬʱԬκһǰɢɫ񽣶ʱһΪߡ
ÿһɫһ񽣡
߰񽣣âѤޱҫ
Ҷǳվ˷ܵ˵̫ˣѽǲ̾жһλͷεǿˡ
λʮһս񾳽ĳǿߣ
Ǻǣǲ̵ĸʮλԿԴյ롣
˵ˣֻǽ裬ŶԬκѵ
ҶǳЦİɣһ̰ĵ𣿡
Ȼ㣬ֻǲŲ̵ЩϼһˡԬκߵһɣһЩϼһЩ֪һ̵ĵӵеôܲ
ǰҶǳѩ¶ǵ
Ҫ֪ԽǶҶǳǸʱҶǳչֳ츳ټϵһĵʱȡԼ̽ϿɣűΣ
ԬκûҶǳʱ
ڲ̵Ļˡ
ϾԽԼˣңҪǣҶǳǲ̵Ľ
ԬκЩĵӣҶǳЦ˵ͷİɣȫƿز̣Щϼһǲҷҵġ
š
ϾǿʵټѩëСˣԺɨˣ˭ҷ
壬ʵվߡ
ҶǳǾԵƿס˲̡
ҾͷˡҶǳı֤ԬκͷˣⲻСʵغǱĴУȻύ̡
ǽҶǳɱˣƾĲ㲹̹ˡ
ϾҶǳΰû


1190 
ĿԬκȥҶǳеıǽһ˷֮ɫҲ̰ڲ˫ϲţϲˡ
һĸʮˣֻҪǵη塣
˵ڳɹĵˣչضɹڣʥ׷ɱҲ̵鷳
˵ʥҶǳ²֮ӦֻԸ߿ԽĴڣעЩͷȻ½Ҳôͷˡ
ң
ú󣬸Ԫˡ
ҶǳеıǽһΪߣŶ㵸ԪЦ˵Ӧ֪ɣǱĵǽֻҪ߸ʮһս񾳽ǿƿأɱǽ󣬾Χһͷ
̫ˣô˵ǲֶһλͷսˡԪʱҶǳ˼˷֮ɫ
ҶǳеıǽԪЦ˵Ϊʣµˣʱúһ±ǽ󡣡
û⣬齻ˡԪæ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷԸԪΣԲŰԪġ
ˣһѡӲ̣˳˱ǽҶǳҪ
Ȼ˵ﵽʮһս񾳽ǿߣǲ̵ĸڲ˼ǧ꣬Ӧòӵ
ǲһ򣬾һǽԪһ㡣
˵ҶǳΨףöȻҪչԼˡ
ʱ䲻֪ţҶǳȥ֮󣬱ڵ磬ϴ̽µĵ
ΪҲڲͣѾʮһսˡ
ֽٶȣëĽѡ
˵ҶǳڲҪκαˣֻҪܹ̤ʮս񾳽磬ﵽս񾳽۷塣
ʱѵóȥˡ֪ʱһǰҶǳ
Ҷǳ۾˵ͷ漴óռ䷨ּѯʦΪ٣֪ԷѾӺڰԨˣִܿܵﲹǣȫԲμӽյľδ䡣
ʵԪڰžδʱʱ򣬾ǼƻˣΪԼʱϻ

ĲǣѾɽ˺
ڲ̵Ĺ㳡̵ĸԺϡǣ洫ϵȫˡ
⣬ǰμףصĸʹ߶飬Ҳž
Щɢޣͨһطڲڣ鿴Ŵһ˵Ц̸š
ǸŮ˭ȻԺһڲ̵Ĵһ˺档
֪Ԭκ˵ǸҶǳһμս벹̵ģͬʱҲǱǵĳһֱܵ͵û뵽ȻҲﵽʮս񾳽硣
ǿ̵ĸԺҲ˼ˣһ¥ϵ
˵ɣˣɫȹŮӽѩ˵һӵͷʵ
˲żüðǲ̽䣬̿лΪʥء
ǲ֪ܲܶɹⳡΣܹɹΣδһǿʢ

ɢͨطۿŴ䣬۷׷ס
ʱڲ̵Ĺ㳡ϣҶǳҲѾ
δʵܼ򵥣ǸԪһ¹ԣȻԲ̵ˣָҶǳĹô˵ļ֤£ҶǳµĲ̽ˡ
Ȼиɵʹ߶龴ף֮
ЩУûҶǳʲô飬ֻҪڲ̵ĽϾˡ
úȡǰףء
󡭡ǰףأ

̵̫ʢ˶òδӣǸףصĻףˡ
ǳףض飬Ҫŵ̹㳡ȥˡ
Ҷǳϣһףĸʹ߶飬ò˵еȷһմȨĸо
ǼᶨľΪѾﵽ˵Ĳ絶۷壬Ȩǡ
ͨȨҲֻṇֻ̀ʵΨһ
ҶǳĬĬ뵽
ǿΪ
ٴȨҲҪ㹻ʵȥ֧š
û㹻ʵǾ
䣡
һֻ޴ƣңԶȻݺݵغڲǵػϡ
¡¡ʱػ󷨹Ļ¶ֻ޴ƵĹһıը
ûʵ֧ŵȨᱻƷΪûʵ𣿡
ͻȻĹûҶǳȣɫ˿ΪؿһĻЦ
һСƨҲҵٲ֮̽λΪ飬ֱ롣
һϵųصѹʺƺƵǡ
һ֪ҪʼˣħҪԲ̳ˡ


1191 С
ڳ˶֪ħɻṣ́̇ȴû뵽ǻѡһ죬ϸһ룬ѡһ칥ȷʵǳ
Ϊǲνľδ䣬ǲ̵Ĵϲӣʱ򹥴̣ÿԴ̵ʿ
ʵϣЩ죬̵ʿѾ䵽˼㡣
һЩϻЩ֮⣬ĵӡ϶Ѿ
ʱֻľ޴ʱЩ˵ʿ͸ˡ
Щ˿ʼ֮ǰûˡ
ʼˣħɵľͷˡ
ǿõĴŵĴħĴѹѹһƬǾ񾡳
ħɵĴΧ˲ˡ

һɢš
ͨطǿ鲼ѹѹһȺʿΧǡ
ЩɢǲûеģֻҪǲսЩħҲǡ
ʵϣЩħǿҲṥǣǵʵǷֹڵĲ̵ߡ
ǵЩͷǿߣһЩʮһս񼶱ĳǿߡ
Ͼֻоͷεǿߣʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣܶԲǵػв
ǲ̺ǴţһͬΪɣһ֦ͬħɹǲ̣Ǵźһ׼𣿡
Ҷǳʱ򶨣ħɴĿͶ˴šһصĴϡ
⡭
šһһΣôشҲûʸش𰡣еĸǿ߲ʸش
ңҲµڵĴ㣬βˣûҪΪһĲ̶ȥħģòʧġ
οǻ֪ι̵ĿɲֹħɣʥĴ˶ˣеݵĽڡ
ôǿһʹţҲǱذɡ
Ȼ֪ܣǻװŲ֪ɵħҲǳ֣ϾʤҲǲʤ
ˡʥˡݽڡȵȣǸǲħɶԸźһ
ԣźһĴȷԱεս
뵽ŵĴӭҶǳ˵Ŀ⣬ڨڨҶǴҲֻԱû̡
һҲǵģħҲǿڶһһĴæ˵
һЩԣͶӵĿ⡣
һδźһǶˡ
Ͼ˵õֱ֦ͬӱˡ
źһĴϲ⣬ʲô½ʵΨһ
̽һҲҪ군ˡ
ߣ
ŴźһϵĻҶǳһĿʱ˵ȻˣҲǿν֦ͬĻԺͲҪ˵ˡڳĸ֤ӽԺǲĸֲɡǲֻ½һ˭Ҳ̣ɱ⣬˭Ҳ̣Ҳ֮
źһĴϲƲƲ죬룬ǲ̳Ź˵󻰰ɡ
Ų죬̾ˡ
ûЩˣҶǳĿͶ˲⣬Ϊܵǿٽˡ
ħͷϢ
ŵõԼħĵ
С򿪲ǵػ󷨣Ա֤ɱǲ̵ĵӡŵźڰɫ̫Σͷ׷һ˫Ϭӥ۾һ
ϻʲôֱӹˣһػ󷨣Ϊס𣿡õǳǿƣֳһ񹭣ɫѾ۶ʸ׼̹㳡еҶǳ
첹̱ħĵһɫΣ޾ĺڰΧһйâ
ŵ״ֻ̾˿ЦȻˣǾ͹ɣƭСӴػ󷨣û뵽ôǿƣٺٺ١
ôķŹ̵ĵӡ
һΣ׼ȫ̡
ɱ
е񹭹âɣһɫʱųҵ⣬һ磬ᴩգǵػ󷨡
ڵˣʱܵһɳصѹȸС
ǸɫɢŻذĿֲܡ
ৣ
ڴʱһɫӲڼĺɫڰײһƬ貵Ĺâ
ʲô
˾
ΪǷ֣Ǹɫסˡ
ţҲһüͷ𣬿̡
ڲ̵һڸ֮УСѾվֳ񹭣Ŀ


1192 ƾ
˭ȻסһȻֻһҲǳ£ɱʮս񼶱ǿߣشʮһս񼶱ǿ߰
ϵû뵽ʮһս񾳽֮󣬾Ȼ˿¡
е񹭿£ǾһӳͷĿֲʵ

վС壬ڳ˶𾪡
û뵽̳Ҷǳѩͷ֮⣬Ȼľͷǿߡ
źһɫ𾪣̽ûδԿԳΪʥذ
˼Ӧǵһĵɣֻǲ֪һмΪƾ輸ܵס𣿡
õЦ
漴СеһۣĿʱޱȣܹõʵԴ
λԤˣǱ漴Աߵħ˵
ɭһЦǾҪ㸶ʲôˣȻҪĵҲƽϡ
ҲǣħһЦ
¡¡
ٴγ֣һ˵Ȼ׼ȫ֣ƿǵػˡ
ĵһϽɫɢһɾâ˵񹭣񹭸ӳϽɫ
ԣǰԼһ񹭣һϽɫ
ӡ
ëȡ
ܵһĿֲæӡͬ߶ʹӡ޴󻯣ӭǸϽɫ
ѩǲĶ֣ȥǡסˣǲҪֻҪסɡҶǳȥëˣɵöԱߵѩ˵
ѩ֮ǱļЩãԴٶȡ
ԣëǣӦÿס
ҳӭսǵǰ𣿡Цһ߶һ޴Բ̣ͳѩɱȥ
ৣ
ڴʱߵƥĽ⼤񷣬γһ޴󷨣С
Ķǣ
Ԫֱֳǽӽλ̵ĸһ֣ɱǽס
Ǳıǽ󣡡
ɫһ䡣
ŵĹżУ걱һɱ˵Ĵʼ
Ȼ󱱶Ҳشú䣬ҲԿһĿ¡
һֻ߸ʮһǼսڲٿأ߸ͷڲٿأͱˡ
Žסˡ
ħȵϼһ춯֡
Ҳн찡ħЦһ⿿һˣɹƲǵػ󷨣ǳɱԪˣ׼
ڲͷԹƱǽ
ϧҶǳǲƿġ
¡¡
ձ飬޴ɽֲϿգһֱͨӳħײȥ
أ
ħ߶ɱɽײɳȥ
Ϊǵһ塣
һҲʥ֮һȻûˣǵһ󷨣ȴһķӳֶɣ³̶ȣԲͷԹƵġ
Ͼһķǿɶǵǿߡ
ûеʵƿһػ󷨡
ˣڰϵĴ߶֮£һ㽫ħײɡ
󣬰ϲٿ󷨣һµ⣬ħˡ
ǻ𣿡ħŭԵúǱڵһǰǶֻ֣ǿԱ
ϧˣһķǣֻҪһ壬ػ󷨵صڷֶκ٣ȻɱһͷԲ⡣
ҶǳűһĽڽڰ˵ħЩźҡҡͷ
ΪһķȻ˽һػ󷨡
֪ػ󷨵ľųģҲΪˣôûƿһ塣
ȻΪЩ˶ԵһڵĵûȤ
ʥֹ޷ƿһ塣
ɴ˿ɼһػ󷨣жô¡
һ乥Ҳͼ˺ܶ࣬һħ㹻ˡ
˭
ҶǳħɵͷסˣĿ⳯Ųʿȥ¶Ц֮ɫ
Ӱ̤նǶᣬȴɢžͷϢ
һῡȻʧɫһ𶼲òͷ
Ǿʥ˼塣
Ҷǳǵսûн⼤䣬˵Ŀ⣬Ҷǳ
ǺǣȻôȤôͽҰɣȱһԱߵļС塣


1193 ɱ
˺ʥˡ
û뵽ͼҪû̡
ȻҶǳǸܵ˾޴в

һЩ۷׷ףǿ̵ƾǳ𾪣βδزܶɹΣû뵽ͼ˫˫
ͷȻȲħƾͷͷǾͷһ˿Կģ̻ľͷ
ˣݽڣеûгء
Ҳ˰ǽĶֲҡҶǳͼ壬һЦ
漴С壬ԱߵĽ궼̤նȥųշȥ
ūңɱˡС߶񹭣ɫƿնɣɱȥ
ƾҲһսԵӲ񹭣ɱС塣
ƾ츳ͷСƾͷʵ
ΪСԵʣСʵǿʢһЩ
Ͼѩ棬С廹һλأʵѩǿࡣ
սʱ򣬽Ҳӭʥ˼塣
Ҳеɣ벽츳ҵ־Ϳɱ㡣忴ǰĽ꣬˵
ѷЦ¶ˣүүҾһ
˵գ߶𵶣ҵ⼤ɫľ޵ʱ³貵ĵâǰȥݿһ㣬졣
ԵҲҴ⣬ȫһս
Բۣû뵽̾ȻһصľͷҲ̫˰һɵʵܵסħˡ
ͼ壬ħ䶨ˡ
µĲ̣ϴ̽ˣ̾ѾƵʥˡ

ڵ۷׷ס
ꡢС塢ѩëԪˣеһ塭
̵һһƣڳ𾪡
ˣҶǳûг֡
ҶǳıʵǾͷټϲ̵ĵ죬ʵԲ
˵չֳʵѾˡ
źһпɬɫǾڵĸ߲ѡˡ
еԼݽڵ
ҶǳϣĿؿŲս˼š
鵽һѾûΣˡ
ϾôͷĲ̣һ˺ЩжҲʧأĽܾˡ
ⲻħԼͷֻǱַʱ䡣
ΧסǵħɵĴҲѾڳˡ
߾ߣ浱ǲǵĺ԰𣿡ҶǳХһ˲ͳڲǵĸ߿УһƷӡͳħķѹȥ
ҶǣħһĻĿѣŭ𣺡ס֣
ߣҶǳЦħ
޴ķӡѹֲܣħ˸ܵ޴ѹ
䣡䣡䡭
ħڷɳһӰɢʮһս񼶱ǿϢǶħĸ˿ֳֵŷӡѹ
ͣ
ۣ

һ̣ЩħĸȫѪɳȥ޴ķӡɴŲɱ˴һƬħĵӡϡ
ռ
ҶǳһƷ籩һȥŴķ١
ͬһܼĽ籩شλɱŵĵӺͳϡ
ҶǳĲݣ
ǽסһĻ۾һƬɱ
ҶǳһЦҵţ
Ŀ⣬õĴնɱȥ
ҶǳסְɣԸ⳷ˡõѾע⵽һĻҶǳԸħʱѾƲëǣôϿգ׼ֵסҶǳĹ
߾ߣҲ̫˰ɡǲһѵΪǲð
ҶǳһЦûж֣ȴѾĽ
ӰĽƿնȥڳ˶ֲˣЩͷĴڣȴܵĽĴڡ
ǡ
ɫ䡣
ֹô
˰
ৣ
һ˲䣬ֻΧκԣɱҶǳϣҶǳԻĽ
ϧҶǳĵóݶ׾ٵصסĵ

Ľ˿ɱõĴ֮УõĵӺͳϲķǳ죬ûκ˿ڣȴʧȥ꣬Ѹٱ䣬Ϊʬ塣
µһĻеŭޱȡ


1194 ʤ
Ҷǳס֣
ˣҶǳɱȥ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˹̣δĶõľôľԪˡ
Ҫɱ㣡
˫ĿһƬ
ȻûʲôãΪҶǳëѩΧǱѣ岻
졢ӡ֮죬һɱ
ҶǳҲ빥žͷսв
˿µĹһƾͷҲǱĽڽڰˣͷ޷ռϷ硣
ƾͷֱӱΧŹûƢ
ڵһ˿Ŀɿڴ
ħڣȴʧأ̵ĵӣһëû˵
㲻˵ˣҪأǿ㱻Ƶ𣿡
ʵŭ
һ԰һ񣬵ǷҪڹֵ̣ĺʱ
ߣ
ڴʱһߴʴ
һ̣Ҷǳձ˺ѿһɫľ޵
һ
ˣֳҶǳնɱȥ
䣡
һڰ׶ɫͻȻ֣Ҷǳס
޴ϣȴǲûкš
ҵܾˡΪվϣעǰɫѿ
ѾӺڰԨ֮ǰΪ̲û飬ԾڰС
ʦ𣡡ҶǳΪͷΪڻʱѾ˵ˣûиеȡ
ǺǣͽҴ۽磬Ϊʦ㳬ԽˡΪЦſҶǳĿο֮ɫ
ڵһǾѡ
ʦͽ˽Ǿͷֱǧżѻ
̵һڵӺͳϣ˷ܡ
ԭһɨ⣬ʿǡ
Ϊ㲻ʮһս񾳽磬ƾŷӳͷսΪסңɫضΪ
ΪЦס㣬ܹƲǵػ𣿡
ǿδأǲ̵˶ȥðоûоͷεĶ𣿡ЦĿ⳯ŲԶʿȥݵķһǿĽ֡
ΪƳһۣ漴תͷҶǳ˵ͽȥħҴȥãϸȥţҪҲ̣ȥҲǵɣƣܾˡ
˵꣬Ϊͳõķ̤նȥ
ħɫ䡣
ϰҶǳˣøϻȥס֣Ϊһ
Ҷǳûϻȥ
ħҲ˻ȥ
ǵϳȻҲػ󷨣ûоͷεǿֻҪҶǳɳͷεǿߣһԹơ
һͬΪԣ˲̣ԼҲᱻ
ϾҶǳߵľͷ࣬ȫԳó֡
ʵϣôͷǾѾ֪ûˡ
ϾǼҶǳǣǾܾˡ
㻹аһгɣΪħɵľͷ뿪ɵһЦ֮ɫ
ʱҶǳëѩԪǶһΧ˹Χ
ôͷΧʵǿҲеһͷƤ飬жħɵľͷѡ
ǳ²࣡
ħҲû취ǲĵܲڰУû֪޼ɵĳ֡
ħɵϳϣй˼ɣܻͲܾˡ
ߣΪ⣬вµĵǶɹڣǲҲĲ졣һʧڰС
ҶǳûгԷƾͷʵǿһҪߣǸס
ʵϣ˾ͷĲΣ˴˶ɱ˴ˣʵ̫
Ҷǳûùǲô꣬Ȼ̽鵽˵Ĳپݵ㡣
ʱëǷͷȥֲЩݵ㡣
¡¡
ݸأоıը
ëȾͷǰЩݵһĵȫɱһûߡ
ҶǳƲԹ쳹ףһ˸޷ֹëˣֻܲĵشһЩ˳ݡ
Դ֮󣬵ݵľݵʧء
Ҷǳ˴ʤ飬̶ڼϲ֮УҲһƬ䶯
ݶǷڲѡ
һսûе֮⣬ǵʵʥûʲôˡ


1195 
һս֮ݵֳ׸ıˡ
ħռݵĲ̵̣ȫԹԵؽ˳һ˿һĵ
ݵĽڣϰ˳ƹƹѾȥˣõؽƹ
˶֪½ʥ֮⣬̾ǿˡ

̣硣
ҶǳΪԪëꡢѩӡ롢һڲ̵ĸһá
ǲǳˣΪɨһĲ̸֣ο˲ѡ
ԪҲǼѣһЦݡ
һΣǲǴһ
֮ǰݵ˶˵ǲҪˣ˭ô˵
ڵĲ̵ӳȥ̧ͷͦأһ˼ҲͿޱ𾴡
ʦǲ̵ĵ̱ħռô죬ʧ˶٣ȻȥħҪ
Ҷǳ˵ЦҪʮ⳥ǲǾʹȥ
û⣡ԪЦݣħɻԹ⳥ģϾôͷħɼҲ޷Կ̡
Ȼħɡݽڣ桢ҲܹԿ̡
Щ˱ϾڸԵʱʱ̶̿һǲġ
һɢɳͲһԿôܣ
ͽǺڰΪʦҵˡΪóһɫĻ棬Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ˹ضеĺڰ𣬶Ϊмлʦˡ
Ǻǣʦͽ˵ʲôлġΪһЦ
һԵĸԪЦźڰ𣬽ķʽڰʽˣжôֲڴ
һڲ̵ĸҲڴѣҩ԰ҶǳӵɷʽϢѾ½
񣬵õ˺ڰǾǰˡ
ŴֻһֹˡԪпһ漴Ҷǳ˵һ½ش̽Ϣܲҵõ𡣡
¥Ҳ鲼½ǻʱעĳ֡Ҳ˵
Բ̵ʵټ¥鱨ƣй֣ǾԻһʱ䷢֡
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵Ҫչڰ˳ϴĵڵһͽʦˡ
û⣬㰲ıչأõĽڵ顣Ϊ˵ͷҶǳʵҪģڲ̣ô֣Ҫ
٣Щûг£½ûʲôû̡
ʥȻǿ󣬵ʥصĵ֮ż׷ɱЩڵĵйᲹ̡
ϾǿҲܹʱ
ЩɹڣôʥؾΣˣҪ顣

磬һ֮УҶǳóڰ𣬿ʼ
־磬ټߴľ飬̣˵ѾûʲôΣˡ
ҵѾﵽ׼徳磬֪һǷҵ徳硣
Ҷǳ뵽
ӵйµĵĻ޷ʮս񾳽磬ڰԼǷԵõͻơ
һﵽΣֲ̫ˡ
дڴҶǳʼڰ
ͣ
һɫĻ棬ӵҶǳȫ˶
ɫĻ棬ΧĿռ䶼ЩŤˣȻ֮һɿµĻϯ
ڰŻ

ʱһһš
ҶǳڰĹ̷ǳ˳µ룬ڵﵽ˰֡
һ𣬰ɫǳµ¶ȣôܵǽڶʼڻˡ
ǿµҵķʽ¶ЩƾͷвˡҶǳ뵽
ͬʱӦԼȻѾﵽһµĲΡ
ǵ壬ĵ塣
Ҷǳ˿̸ܵԼĺΪһ壬ޱȼӲ޼᲻ݡ
壬޼᲻ݡڸоҿͽӲˣΪҵһҶǳ¶ŵЦݡ
һ̣оޱȵǿ
㲻õҲаտЩƾͷˡ
ıǿҶǳΪȻҲһΣﵽʮһսڡ
ҶǳûгأǼչزĵ׼һ嵽ʮս񾳽硣
ΪЩжɹڵʱڴ֮ǰʵЩ֮ǲ̻Σա
Ͼ᲻һĵ塢׻塢塢ûʲô顣


1196 ˽
ݣ̡
´
ԪǰĽ庮ü˵ħܾ⳥
ħΧǰռ˲̵̣ʧ
ǰҶǳҪħɽʮ⳥
飬ԪĽ庮
Ľ庮Ҳʮսǲ̽ڸĴڣʸ̡
ֻһΣԪû뵽ħȻûӣǷ
ţĽ庮˵ͷɫЩѿ
Ԫһӣŭд
һԵΪ۾ЦǾѩȥһ˰ɡ
ҲãһɫΪǲǺƢԪߵ
úëֳַӡѩС塢꣬һֱǰħ
¡¡
һħʲôҲû˵ֱȫ߶ȫܣħػ󷨺ȥ
ǲ
ǵȫ֮£ħػ󷨶ʱѺۡ
еħǾ֡
ס֡
ħŭų˳һߵֵë˵Ĺһߴȵǲ̵Ҫħ˺ħҲǳصģܾˡ
ߣܾˣ˭ĵëЦ
˵Ҫôʮ⳥ǲ̵ʧҪôħ
ѩͽû˵ֻǲϵش߶ħػ󷨡
ħҧгݵ⳥
۾ðŭ죬ŭ˼¡
ʱһƾͷܵ裿
û취Ʊǿòͷ
ߣԹ⳥𣿡
õ⳥֮ëЦһ˺뿪ˡ
ħ뿪ıӰгԹɱ

ͬһĻúš
ë˵ĵŰݷ֮£úҲֻܹԹ⳥涪
̵ǿƣݵ˶ˣԺݾǲ̵¡
ԴԺ󣬲̵ĵߣҲû˸ҵˡ

ʮ֮
һ¹ڣħе񣬽ڵǿһá
˶ˣʼ°ɡ
ħɨľͷǣ̵ʵҲˣΪ֮ƣҵֻܶԿ̡ĻһǱǸƣᱻ
ֻܶԿ̡˵ͷ
Ҳͷ˵ĵˣ˵ĵ˾ѣйͬĵˣʺ
ħɱ֦ͬȻ˴ϡ
ڵ񣬻нڵ

嶼ںɫ֮еЦϵĻǾҪڸԵĴӪ촫ǣǵһڰУƾʲôҪϣǻбŵΣգǵ˶ЩҶǳҲĲ˼¡
ɢǿĽһͷ׷ߣ˵ǽڲû벹̽Ҳǽڳֵġ
˵Ļħɵľͷһ֮ɫ
Ȼͽôױ˵ġ

ħһĽֻҪǽԸǽˣǿ㱣֤ԺЩǻȫЭ㣬ò̵ıǽ룬ӦҪĵɣ
бһ⡣
ȻҲһѽǱʮǿսǽӵǽʵͻһ¥
ãҴӦǽˣ漴ԥ˵
㹻棬ټϱ˴˹ͬĵˣҲʹӦħɽˡ
˼
񿴵һĻȤؿħɵľͷЦû뵽Ȼ˵˽Ҫ˵ɲôס
ţ
ħЦ̳еĵӵټţܳĵΪڶҲڻ£û˵ɣ
ߣ
Ȼħ˵Խˣǵ÷ģȫҶš
û⣡
ħǵ˵ͷ
ǵѹ̫ˣϾǺͲУҪʱʱ̵̿Ĳ̴ǱҪ뾡һа취£뽣
ͷв̣Ա㹻ˡ
ֻҪȵЩ̾Ͳˡ


1197 
̣´
뿴Ϊ͸Ԫ˵λյϢħУݵĽڣƺԼڱ˴˵ĴӪ˴ǷֺܶݵĽڵӣħɽ
ϴΰħɸƼˣڹѾˡΪǺЦ
һĲ⣬ǲѾħˣǽˣҲǲ̵Ķ֡
Ԫߵ»һͷȷԿǲˡҪǰҵֻҪõ𣬽ŴۣʱҲδزܡ
Ϊ˵ͷ漴룬ʵ¥鲼½Ϣǲ̻ҪͨǴ̽ټ𣿡
⡭
ԿЦǴˣ֪޷һλõɮǲ̽ƽϹ塣
𣿡Ϊʱɫ
޷̣ԪмȺͺ¿ȻʵǱǲ̻ǲ̫ԶˣǻԹԽġ
λ˵ꡣЦλˣҪõ𣬵õȵȻ֪λõɮʲôΪѾսˣҲŻһǧ꣬ԪٻǧԪ

Ϊ͸Ԫһ
˰ΣΪ̾˿ҡͷҪõ𣬱õȵȻɱǲõġ
С쵰ô˵ԪһۣŭǧԪôʱ䣬㲻Ҫ𣬽ܽˡԽ츳ֻҪһǧ㹻ˡ
ЦλȻǲɱǿԼս֮УкֶܶοԼԪģҵ㣬ݵĴڣͻԪ
ţİ취Ԫ۾һ
Ϊҡͷˣ֪ͽܵԸǲΪ˵õȥȱˡħĴħͷҲˣ϶һλõɮһ۵㶼ûеĵõɮҶ²֣˵ͽˡ
˵ǣҶֵȷˣȻЩɱϣڵõɮǳء뵱ս½ʱ򣬾͸һЩõɮãԼͨһЩͨ˵ͷ˵
Ԫǲ͵͵ڱչء
ܣΪֱӷˣҡͷǿסһˣܹ֤޷̵ܹ𣿡
ԪЦҡҡͷ
㶼Ҫ˼ҵĵõɮҪԷϢôܣ
ο޷ɲ⣬ܱܲλõɮһء
ò׳һȴҪȵǧ֮󡣡ԪЦѹؼ䣬ѻù𡣡
Ϊ룬ʵӦ׳޷̣ϸ̽һ£޷Ƿӵд洢Ĺ𡣡
ţһȥ̽ġ˵ͷ
ˡ
ڴʱһϤǶС
˶ʱɫһϲؿ⡣
Ҷǳ˽û¶˿Ϣ·һˡȴɲ⣬޾ǿգ߼ʣޱȵĺ嫡

Ҷ֣
ԪûʲôܣǵʵҶǳ̫Զˡ
ΪͷΪȴһ𾪵ؿǰҶǳЩŵͽ㾿ﵽʲô磿ΪҸܲһʵվǰұ۾¶ܲĴڡ
ʲô
Ԫһæ۾ĸܲҶǳĴڡ
ˡ
ǶҶǳⷽʱա
ǵ𣿲ܰûжɽ٣ǵԪһš
һ𾪵ˣҶǳЦ˵һûгΪҵѾΪˣѾϴҵĵΪ̤ʮս񾳽硣֮ԸܲҵĴڣӦΪ˵壬Ϊһ壬˵޷ܵĴڡ
̫˼ˣ벻էࡣ
Ԫæʵڵʵﵽʲôزƾͷ𣿡
ΪҲտտضҶǳ
ҶǳһЦ漴һŵ˵㲻õ壬ڶ׻ǡ
Ѿǫˡ
ﵽʮս񾳽磬Ҷǳʮս񾳽֮ǰľ粻һǲֳڡڡڵġ
ԣֻҪʮս񾳽ľͷǵΪһġ
һΪҶǳ츳ԵЩƾͷˡ
ټϵ塭
ǺǣҶǳѾײЩͷˣڶĸĵһսˡ


1198 ħ
ҶǳŵĻΪ˶һܡ
뿴ҶǳЦ˵ûʲôܣʲôʱʶʵǾˡ
ܿͻʶˣҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴Ԫ˵˵ħɽˣнڡҲãÿԽһ򾡣׽󻼡
ʲô
Ԫ𾪵ؿҶǳŵҪǶ𣿿ߵʵǲ࣬ǲҲԱ
Ҷǳҡҡͷǣһʧһȥǡ
ƽȴ޵еš
ΪԪǳˡ
һҶǳĴ֮£ëѩҲһһأ´
֪ҶǳҪħɳ֣֮࣬ҲǼܲѡ
СӣѾ˺ڰôûн׵壿ëһڴʵҶǳ˽⣬Ͼ̸Ҷǳġ
Ǻǣ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦԼٴ˵˳
ë˶һ𺳡
ҾһѾ޵ˣƿսˡ˵
ëҡͷһĵôսġ
ô˵ЩƾͷһˡЦϴαΧθֵǳˡ
С˵һǣʡĵЩʱҡ
ҶǳͷҲǾãǰҲڳȫЩ
ҶǳУЩͷѾˣܵвģЩɹڵĵ
κһǿĴڡ
ȻҶǳаսǲҲûǸš
ογģֹܿܲһ
ҶǳҲеѹܴ
ԣԽҪǰħЩˣʡĽǶԲв
Ȼʵǿ󣬵ҾӦöһЩˣܹʵҪʵԷֹʥ֡Ԫ
Ϊ˵ͷϸ˵Ĳֳʵ̫ǿˣвǿ϶ֵġ
ҪʵëҲ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ֪ˣɣҼԦһȥұֳʵǿ˼ҲΪǵһǿ󣬲뵽ҡ
ٴϽꡢСѩˡΪٶ죬ѩƵ˵ٶȣСóԶ̹ʵǿʣµǣǵػ󷨣Աˡ
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ漴ʼɣֱӳ֣һֲ
ٺ٣үҪɱϼһүܳȥһսˡë˷ܵ
ҲЩźܳȥһս
ƿصķӡǿڷأȷʺǡ
ټΪ͸Ԫǣϲǵػ󷨣ԶλͷĹס㹻ˡ

˵ɾ͸ɡ
ҶǳС塢ѩͽ˳󣬵ִ˵һ塣
ȻǼԦŵһ壬ƿգǰħĴӪħǡ
ħǷǳ޴󣬲ڲ֮£ԵΡ룬ΰ׳ۣǿʢĳǳ֮һ
ħǺͲǲһħǲ⿪ţһֻħԼҵĵӾס
Դħɡݽں͵֮ɵĵӰԵĴӪħҲɵĵӡ
ź£ͬɱֵĵӣһĽڵӣšõĵӡ
ò˵ɵĵӾۼһ𣬻д裬ۣȷԴ̼ǵĳɳ
ͷ˵һľϲ
ǰħһλµʵ֮ǿȵĴħҪǿ󡣡
Ҳµ𡣡
ǲ̲ɽˣҪ˶ãȻư½

ɵĵʿǡ
ڴʱͻȻѹһ޴ɽ壬˺գôƾճħϿա
ʣǵһ塣
ǹɰϢħڲ
ħڣɵĵӣȫѡ
Ҷǳʲô
ħѾӦһĴڣӳڸ߿УĿŵһеҶǳŭȵ
ͬʱ̴Ѷšáݽڵľͷǡ
ʲôѵ㲻֪𣿡
ҶǳվڵһϣЦ
ৣڴʱħǵĴȻĹɲħǿϢ
ȻдڣݽڵƬ֮˹
Щߣħ˿ҶǳĿҲҶǳֻ·ħǣǾ͹ɡǲʵǿҲǳصġ


1199 ǿĵһ
Уһ̩ɽѹư硣
Ӵɽڱε⣬ʹĳǳأһƬ֮С
ħڣɵľͷվһȻŵһ塣
ħǵػ󷨣ҶǳϬĿ⣬ݽǽҪǲΪУ˺𣿡
ݽͫһкȻЩͷվ־ᶨܿ˵ҶǳҶɣαɱأ֪Щĵ֮У붼ǿߣɱδֻͳ½
Ǻǣ֮ǰΧǲ̵ʱôû뵽һ㣿Ҷǳ
һ͡
ҶǳһЦЩˣȵЩʱǲŻһ¡
ħŭȵҶǳư½ʱ㻹֪һС츳ٺãûгɳ֮ǰҲǶԿ
ȻǷ㵽ס˵
ɭЦϻʲôְɣֱɱ
¡¡
ħ߶ħǵػ󷨣ʼһ塣
ৣ
һ貵ĳ磬ᴩ񷣬
ħƾͷټػ󷨵һǳֲɱһʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣͷҲˡ
ȻҶǳվڵһ֮Уȴ׾ٵصסһǿµ޷Ρĵһ塣
ʵ
Ҷǳһظħͷг˲м֮ɫҵĵһƣʵ̫ˡ
һǿĵطǷҶǳղûг֣ƾһķͲ⼸ͷܹƽġ
СӣҲֻܹڵһڣֳһսȵ
ħЦڵһڣκβ㣬ҲκβǣʶĸϽ
ҶǳѾˣ㲻Ҫ뽫Ǹơ˵
ҲûҪǸơ
Ҷǳ˵һϰϴ߶һ壬ʹõһػ󷨱貵⡣
¡¡
зƱɫ׵˺Ѳ񷣬µһ㣬ڷڵţɢһɰѹ
ħ˶ʱɫһ䡣
ǿǸе˼ɵ
Ҫһ򾡣
Ҷǳ˵
һ̣һ緢ĻɽеĹâ۵ػ󷨵һ㣬Ȼǰ³һҵĹ
ǲǲ
ǰĿռͬһ㲻ϵѡ
ҵĹƴݿһ㣬ռ䣬ݺݵغħǵػϡ

ħǵػ󷨶ʱѷ졣
һַħƤһæȵ
ˣҲͷųԼħǵػ֮С
ͷһ֣ʹħǵػ󷨱ǿķֵһҵĹ
ԶԶȥħǶһҵĹĻ֮Уӵһ緢ĹϵغĻ
ܹüħǵĹĻڱĸɱȥҪʱһ
ͷԵúܳǽµĴضѿ϶Զһɽ嶼ˣħǶڲ
ôܣ
ħɴ۾ŵغһĹôôǿϴʱĹǿһ㡣
ϴԵǿһ˵ĵһ壬ǵһ֮󷨣һҶǳ󷨣Żôǿ󡣡˵
ҡͷһƫôû˿ԹƵһ塣ǹһ岻ֹܻһλ󷨡
˵ҶǳΪ𣿡м
ʱûٳ֣ĵҶǳŽʮһս񾳽ûãôܻô̤ʮս񾳽硣Ц
Ϊŵһػ󷨣ǲûзҶǳѾ̤ʮս񾳽ˡ
¡¡
ӵһ緢Ĺڳ·ħػ󷨣޴ħǵػԽԽ
ħ˽ܵ˾޴ѹ
ȥУһĹ̫ǿˣ÷ֳȥǣס˵
ɣһҵĺɫʸ˺Ѳգݺݵغڵһػϡ
ҶǳתͷļʸǳһĨЦݣһǿ֮Ƿ޴
û˿⣬Ǹɫʸһػ󷨹â׵ˡ


1200 һ
ȫһһëû˵ħ˶ɫһ䡣
ǺǱ
ΪһڵҶǳԹǣȴ޷һڵҶǳ
ǳ˷֮⣬ʲôҲˣǳ
ħ˳ɣǿҪֲסˡɫ˵
ŵһĳѾ޷֧ˡ
һԴԴһ
룿ﳷ룿ħʵ˵
ħħһһִɣư½ô꣬ҪƳ룬ʵ谡
ȥã˵
ħҧҧ볷룬ǿſҪֲסػ󷨣ֻű˳
ৣ
ħڣâϵ˸š
ħĵӣĴɵĵӣڳ뿪
һ뿪ǲ֧ػ󷨣ֱ뿪ħǡ
¡¡
޴Ĺû֧ŵػ󷨷飬ǿֲȫкħǵĴϡ
ʱħǶˣﵹĴɽӱ飬ʯƷա
ֲĹ£ħǶ˷档
Ҷǣ
ħŭĺ캳أݡ
ߵĶ׷׷ϸ߿գңңħǵķ򡣵ǿɷħǺ󣬶𾪲ѣһƬڡ
ħݵ֮һħ֮һư½ô꣬ȴ˴ݻħǡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ǵһ壡ѵ̺ħҪս𣿡
κǲȳ֣Ȼһ־ʹݻħǣҪˡ
оһɾ޴ķ籩ŰݣϴħΧ̣β̾ȻҪˡ
̫ˣǿħǰħȼλͷػȻݻˡ

Զս𺳲ѡ
Ҷǳб³һսҪɱ㡣ħŭŭڣӣ緢ȵĻ档
ħǱݻ٣ĶڵѪǿħһϳѾڼʮˣȴһݻˡ
˵ħˣ˶Щħǰǡ
ҶǳôҲǲ̵ĽֻҶڵһһͷڹֻҪҳҲ۸٣ǵһˡȵ
ŵһڵҶǳЦˣĺ̫ˣһͷڹ꣬Ե˵ĵӶûˡ
Զ˿ţǹ̼⳰ҶǳҪҶǳһս
ϾڵһڣǸκβҶǳ
ǹˣҪҳ𣿡
ҶǳɨħˣЦұΣΪĿκεң
˵գҶǳһ̤뿪˵һ壬ħǰ

ħһ㶣ȻҪ̼ҶǳǵҶǳĳǻǲһ
Ҷǳʲôʱô׳ˣŵһƲҪȻսҪ
ܹΪ̽ˣһĳţһ׳
룬ħ˽˲жҶǳΧˣһ塣
ڽǣסһ壬õһ忿Ҷǳ
ûҶǳĵһ壬ȻǿޱȣǹȴУǣסˡ
ҶǳȻ֪ΪʲôǱͳȫ㣬ħǰԮҶǳʱһĴЦ
ҶǳȻҳҲʳԶʣѡɣ֮ѡһΪĶ֡ؿЦ
һɭЦСӣñѡһܣá
ͷһţΪƾͷǵʵҲֻǱȲ̽һ㣬ǿҶǳͷ
ϾҶǳǵֻǸոսõľͷܹжʵ
ãѡҶǳһЦǳһĨЦݣɨħԼ漴м˵ѡ
ţѡе˭ħƺûҶǳ˼
ҶǳЦѡˣһˣһϰɣһֶֻԸǡ
˻һħ߳ŭҲŭ졣
Բѣ


ͷһ˹ҪֱɱҶǳ
䣡
Ҷǳˡ
һ磬ԭһӰ֮Ӱǰһȭһơһָ
ա
ħһȭѪɣһƺĴ֮УҶǳһָᴩؿڡ
Զһˣǵֱ۾һ


1201 һ
𺳣ʵ̫ˡ
ԭҶǳӵһڳͷ˱Ϊһ춯صĴս
ϾҶǳһ˲ͷҲ֧һ
οͷҲ˵ˣҪһ˹ƽսҶǳĻ򶷵ʱ͸ˡ
û뵽Ҷǳ֪˵ʲôȻ̼ͷһ֡
Ҳˣ˱Ϊͷһ֣Ҷǳ㲻Ҳᱻش
û뵽شķͷҶǳһֱֻֻһֻ֣Ͱͷˡ
鷴ת̫ˣֱĿɿڴǵһɴ۾š
ʲô
ⲻܣ
Զڲһн¶ŵĿ⣬ͬʱ
ȻҲ𺳵һĻ

·ĴرǱг˳ǵѪҺŭصҶǳôôǿ
ٶȣȻԶԶ˾ͷħҲ˹ҲǱΪ㱻Ҷǳǧ
СģСӵǿٶҲ졣ɫһҶǳƺҪҶǳ͸
Ȼͫһ𾪵ʮս񾳽硭ôܣǲŸոսʮһս񲻾𣿡
˭֪ħṳ̆ʮս񾳽磬Ҳܱǿôࡣ
ԣǿɶ˼ǧƾͷйŹ֣һûмôǿ塣
ͷǶʮս񾳽ǿߣǵ㲻ҲѪ۷壬ԲϾôʱ䣬Ǻǿġ
ǿټǵʵҶǳǰҲǲһ
ɴ˿ɼҶǳжôǿ
׼嶼ûôǿѵǵ壿
ⲻܣûнôܻӵе塣
˶̫š
ʵϣûЩҶǳҲܴﵽ徳硣
桢ֲΣҲֻǽ׼ΣҪ̤ΣóΪ
ʵ
Ҷǳ̤ͷһĳ֮ɫղ˵ʲôţѡһʵСֱЦ
Ҷǳķ̣ħ˶һ߳ŭ
û˿ҲˣǣԶڹսһǶˡ
Ҷǳѹе鷳ԭ̤ʮս񾳽磬ʵΪɱǣ֣㹫ûҲ޾塣ħӲ˵
ҲӲղǴˣС㣬űץסᣬһΣ˵ǡ
˵գһ߶Եĵǿܣסǵ塣
ɱ
һɫļʸƺڶ۶һйâƥܣݺݵҶǳ
ǰֳħҲ߶Լĵ˼йҶǳ
սԶϣҶǳ·
ǣҶǳҪ
ȻǷ񶨵ġ
䣡
д̶ıը
ҶǳڸƶΪٶ̫ˣԭصĿռ䶼ըˣԲը
ǲ
ĺɫʸҶǳһȭ飬޴ӿһƬա
ħļйҶǳ˿壬ֱӭȥһȭһƺȥ
ȭͷҵĹâ̺ſµռ޵еˣҲѪɡ
ħҲܲңٴαѪɳȥ
Ҷǳ׾ٵؾͻƾͷǿʵһɣŵöɴ۾ֵصˡ
Ҷǳĵ壬ǿٶҲ졣
ûӳҶǳĹΧҶǳһ߷ɣȻһ޴ӡѹ嶼ˡ
Ƿӡ
Ҷǳɵ壬ʩչķӡʩչӡûжܷǳֲһλƾͷѡ
ȻҲΪеĵǹµûһȻԱסԼ塣
ĹǿǶҪǿ󣬵ķٺ٣
Ҷǳѵбɱ⡣
׼һˡ
Ϊһķױɱ
䣡
˵Ҷǳ٣޸ɱȥĹâɣһ޴ӡٴԻɢ嫵ܡ
Сģ
ħһԶ
ȻںҲ뱻ҶǳƣҲɱ


1202 ɱͷ
Ҫɱң
Ҷǳ߶ӡɱɫȻЦһеԲưô꣬ƾһСҲɱңҵľɣ
ৣ
񹭹âǣɫļʸһһƾһᴩһ˺գת˲֮ɱҶǳǰ
¡¡
ıըʱ쳹ס
ִĺɫâǳأƥܣݺݵغڷӡ档
䡭޴ӡھҲһȹסˣƥѹѹ¡
⡭ⲻܣɴ۾š
һھͷ֮еģĹǿղǿһô޷Ҷǳķӡ
Ҷǳʵôǿ
һƬ
ʱѾû˼ЩˣȫֵŽľ޴ӡ
䣡
һһ˲ƥӡ캳صֵ
ס֣ħȫ߶Ҷǳ
ɣҲҲҶǳ
ǵٶȷǳ죬ץסʱҶǳ϶޷ܡ
ǽһĻȴħɴ۾
ΪҶǳûжܣתȻһֽסħĵһץס
¡¡
ֲܣⷽضˣɱҶǳץУû˵Ҷǳ˿
ⲻܣ
ôܣ
ħһֱš
ǿǵȻͽӲңĵס
ǻô²Ҳᱻش
Ҷǳȴ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ͵Ϯ𣿿ϧ̫ˣ
Ҷǳ֮еħһЦ֮ɫг˳
תһɨһƬ貵Ľ⣬ħѪɡ
ãߣһѾΪ˵塣ǵѪҺҲҴԲˣħһ䣬Ѹ뿪
ħҲǰ׳գҶǳͽӲҪǲ²Ҷǳ˵壬ǰ׳ˡ
˷ͷߣٶȿ쵽˼£ҶǳȻа׷һˣǳ˱ش
ΪҲˣأٿҶǳͽӲƵˡ
û뵽Ҳܰ
Ҷǳһ·׷شЦ
ԶսŻعһ𾪵Ĳ˼飬ͷȻҶǳĶӣʵ̫ˡ
Ǹеޱ裬ƾͷô꣬ȻһС׷ɱ
û취Ҷǳʵֲ̫ˣͷ֣Եòһ
һ츳ǿ˵壬ʵȲĵҲԽ˰벽޽ӽˡ
оֲѡ
ǰΪСˣȻڶ̶ʮ֮䣬Ȼɳزֱ˼顣
¡¡
վҲһ޴ɽȻǰ
һ壡
ǰĵһ壬ʱ֮ɫ
ӲˣҶǳӺ׷˫ʩչӡѹ¡
ħ֮ͽҲӣԵһŸϹҶǳס
ЩƾͷʵǿƴҪߣҲ׷Ҳ鷳
˵һǾͲһˡ
գҶǳɱˡ
Ҷǳ㲻Ҫ⣬ЩһҪ㡣
ǰ񶾵
Զս𺳲ѣһλƾͷôȻһ󱲸ɱˡ
Ҷǳǿ˶𺳲ѣ֪ţڱ˳ǿˡ
Ҷ磬ǽȥ
Ҷǳٵһ壬ѩʵ
Ҷǳйâ˸Цһα¶ʵǿ϶ҾǻڵĴӪϾΪֹǶ֪ĴӪ
ҶǳתͷԽС˵ȥãûˣͰǸݻٵȻǾͿԻزˣҺѩȥǣš
ˣⶫ㣡Ҷǳ漴õĺɫʸС塣
С񹭣ټļʸ൱ڰѵǿ࣬ƾͷҲ޾ˡ
ţ
û⣡
곤ХһСƿնȥ
˵жҶǳһ㶼ģΪм٣Сõ˺ɫʸ󣬹Ըһƾͷˡ


1203 
ϿգҶǳѩԦŵһƿնҶǳɨ֮£ѾһƬ
ӴĳǳڣһЩõĽ⣬󷨣ˡ
һӰҲûУյġ
ȻҲ֪ǵֵסҶǳԼʱ˸ˡ
ȻҶǳٶȺܿ죬˼д󣬽˳ߵٶȸ졣
ǱߵҲ˰ɡ
ҶǳЦ
ȻҶǳܿʹӿռ䷨ּյСǴϢȷûˣɽǸݻˡ
¡¡
Ҷǳռ䷨ּ߶һ󷨣Ҳݻˡ
ǲŵκ롣

̶֮䣬ħɵĳǳؾͱݻˣݸҲһħɵĵӡ
˵Ҷǳһ֮ݻħɡ
ݶˣ½ĸ֮С
һɶɳʹ߶飬ǰ̵ء
һαҶǳľδ仹Ҫ֣½ɣǼ壬ǲǰء
һʹž͸Ӳ˵ˣǲǸӣʮһս񼶱ĳǿߡ
Ҷǳ涼ûмӴǵֻǲ̵ĴĽ庮
Щˡ
ȻĽ庮ʵȼ粹̵ĸվֻһϣ
ӴһʹŵĸȻǹһʹš
һʹŵĸ˿ֻ˭ϴվվء
ڿɲ˿
ϾҶǳһ˶ħɣݻɣǾ͸ˡ
Ͼħɻͽæʲô
ƲҶǳ֣ҶǳЩͷܴݻɡ
֪գαص
̵磬Ԫͨ󷨣Ľ庮һ̸һʹŵĸĳ죬кǽ
ľδ䣬ɾϣһ䳰ȷڳ˽ѵ
ҪҪɸһǲһͳݡ˵
ǰ׾٣Ҷǳ֣ɴǣͳһˡҲ˵
޴½ǳпᣬټǿһԵֻҪʵͻ̡
ǲһ
Ϊҡͷз磬ڻħɵĵѾ㹻ˣûҪȥûһʹšҪ֪滹ʥأԼЩʱӦûʵС
ʦ˵Ĳ
Ҷǳ˵սͰһɣʱںúûʵȡ̤ʮս񾳽硣⣬һ¹ټ
ͽʼ硣
ëЦʮһսʮս񣬿ɲôףΪһӵеµĵ
Ҷǳʱһȥ޷һˣ˳㿴ܲܿҩ԰ܹٴοҩ԰Ӧÿǵʵ
ٺ٣ҩ԰ڻ౦ҲƻˣܹٽһΣǾԿԵõ౦ëʱ۾һ
ʱ˽Ҷǳ˵յǱߵϢڵ˶ʧˣǶۼڵܲΪֹǻ鲻ܲ
ϴεսݽڵҲˣԽڵҲҶǳǣԺħһǰ˵ܲ
ɣǳˡ
ڵܲȴЩϾڲҶǳĶ֡
һȺС󣬲ǡҶǳЦ
ʵѾԽͷֻ̫࣬еűΪС
ЩˣֻҪû˳ΪͲᱻ
ЩһֻҪʮս񾳽磬Ƕֵһᡣë
ҲһţǶֻҪʮս񾳽磬аտЩƾͷ

һ£ʹ߶̵أʢ߸̾ѡ
˶֪ѾԽɣΪʥ֮ǿɡ
ʵϣûеĻ̾Ѿµʥˡ

ޣ̡
Ҷǳһ˶
޷̵ĽдǣȫվſӭҶǳ
ϵķӣǱŴΣÿ͵
ǰҶǳȻûִһ֮ݻħɣɱҶǳͲò÷ˡ
ҶƶɮģǷйһ͸㡣ûа̵ĽҶǳ̾
½˶֪Ҷǳ˷ʽۼ˰˴ֻһֹˡ
ԣ½˶֪ҶǳѰҹ


1204 
ҶǳľΪܸߣķ̴ʦľΪߣܹóǰλ̽û˵ѡ
ʵϣ̽ҲѣϾҶǳֳʵ̫ǿˣһ˶޷̡
̣ûй
Ҷǳһ̾
ûй͸ûˣʥʥء
ҶǳǲȥʥҪΪ
˵Ƿ̳һõɮпܻᵮ𣬲֪λõɮ
Ҷǳ漴ʵ
̽ɫһ䣬漴̾˿ȥλõɮ
ҶǳȻˣ˵ǲѾˣҲҶǳһƵҶǳǳ֣Ǿˡ
һһüĿо˹ڳ˲ͬҶǳĿ֮û˿η֮ɫֻǵȻؿڵҶΪ˹
Ϊ壬ȻѾ֪Լʵܹô죬ҲйԵʡ
ʦصģǲ̲ħɣôʦΪ֮¡
ҶǳҡҡͷȻ֪ڳɮĵģܻһλõɮֵġ
֪ʦ䣿Ҷǳʵ
һ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴һʦ˵õϹŵزŵһִУվǷӵܣֲŷŴʧձ㴫ʦǽԵ
˵һָһüġ
Աߵķ̽һϲ
ϹŵزҲ˵ǿǱǷ̻ҪǿɣϹʱǷʥء
ȻҶǳǴһǷ̵ӣһʹǷûʲô
䣡
ҶǳһָҶǳħӡĹиһʱһ˶һƬõĽɫâ֮С
֮Уϵش
Ƶϯ̡
ӵܣΪʥ֣׷Ĥݲѡ
ãһϵĽʧˣȴǽɫģֱƬ̣Żָ
лҶ
һһмؿҶǳ
ΪħӡķǳϣӴ֮лʵǷ߷壬δδزܳΪһ

뿪̺Ҷǳҩ԰ڡ
ϧ̽ѰҲͨҩ԰ʯš
ҩ԰ڵĿռ䣬ҲĿռ֮У̽Ѱ
Ҷǳֻܹ̾ܵҩ԰Ĵڣ޷֪̽ҩ԰ľλá
Ҫռ֮ҵҩ԰ڵĿռ䣬ڳ˵Ρ
ܹѴԪһԲ硣
ҪǸʱѾΪˡ
ҵĴԪһڿһƿܷԲʵһ֮䣬һƿȴס˺ܶͷ
Ҷǳ뵽
ʮս񾳽磬Щǿ£Ѿͻƿǲʱ硣
̵ϴҲһ
෴ħɵЩͷȻƿ
ҶǳҲһ
ƿ޷ͻơ
ܹõ𣬽ɣһٳƿҶǳ뵽
ܹһΣ
ֻǹѻð
䣡
˲ƣҶǳ뿪ޣңԶݡ
Ȼҽ˵ģΪѾҲڵˡ
ҶǳһγϺϿգһ·ۣ˽ǰ
ΡĽ壬ޱȣһٵص񽣡
ǰҶǳʱ򣬶еԼС뽣ǿ
ȴûоˡ
Ȼǿ󣬼һƾͷκβǺҶǳڵĲ࣬ɺܴ
¡¡
ղһӴҶǳ˵غͻȻŰ
࣬Ҫʲôһϵ𣬴ž衣
Ҷǳ٣ý¸ӾԶˣϾݽһλĴڡ
ֻһҶǳĵýܵ˾޴в̾ʹӳ˯ˡ
ǽϣ԰Ҹ򽣵Ҷǳ˵
ĬƬ̣漴ҡͷҪҸ򽣵ͱΪǲܵ顣
ݽΪסʱ򣬻ûдﵽʮս񾳽磬ʱСûѡĻᡣ
Ѿ̤ʮս񾳽磬һʵڵΪأ
ҿԴӦ㣬ҽ֮󣬱ɡҶǳü
࣬뿪ɣȻܹܵǿ󣬵ɱҵġǰҪԼ̸ཻˣһͬ籩һɨ
Ϻڲ
û̸ˣҶǳм貵⣬һǿϢӳһ̽ѹĺ׾ٵصסЩӵĽ


1205 
ϺϿգɿֲϢкƵô֮оһֲĺХƷСϺӿȡ
࣬Զô̰Ե

ҶǳһѹסĹеļɵԽԽ࣬Ҳʼˡ
¡¡
ˣ˲ʯȥա
һ̣һ;޴ĴҶǳ
ŴɱֱһӲء
ĸϺԵ÷ǳ׳ۡ
䣡
ʱĸһ񽣣ˮնҶǳ
µĽЩǹâ財
һʱ䣬ⷽض֣ҶǳоԼװΧסˡ
Ŀֲ㼸ƾͷ֣¶κβý
Ҷǳ̾
ɳŵЦݡ
ɲЩƾͷʵѾԽ˾ͷΣﵽһµľ硣
ӡ
Ҷǳͺһ̽۾޴ӡǰѹȥ
ͬʱһǰ
¡¡
Щ޴ĸһ޴񽣣ϵغҶǳϡ
ûá
ҶǳѾ˵壬ܹвĹ٣ǵεĹ
򣬽ǾͷεĹ٣޷ĵ˺
ʵϣܹһ˺Ŀ»ָҲ˲ָ
ǵĿ֮Ӳޱȣһָˡ
䣡䣡䣡
ԶԶȥЩ޴ĸҶǳϣȻƶײǽһ˲ըѡ
ĸ޷Ҷǳ˺޷ҶǳĽŲ
Ҷǳֳַӡɱǰĸ˽ǰ
ôܣ
Ļڿ϶ޱ𾪡
ôǿĹشһƾͷˣȻҶǳ嶼޷
ýЩš
ĹûãҵĹȴ˵㣬ɣɴӦ㣬ҽ֮󣬱ɡ
ҶǳӡѹڽϣӴѹ˷ڵĺˮ֮УϺҡΣµķ籩Ʒ档
Ȼڱѹ뺣ˮ֮кĸڲϵطǣ򲻶ϵСľ޴֮С
¡¡
ˮӿ졣
һƬҡ
Ҷǳ̽󺣣ȴҲıɡ
࣬ʵǿޱȣҪɱң̫Զˡ
ȻԼı棬Ҳһġ
åҶǳҲùÿһᡣ
ǿľˣݻٸ޷ɶ˺
ı壬ߡ
𣿡
ҶǳһЦ
Ȼҽ鷳ȻҲĵå
һжԱ˻ãǶȴûá
Ϊӵ𣬶Ҳֹһ֡
ͣ
վںϣҶǳһɹɻ˴ϯ󺣡
̫𡢺𡢷˲ڤħ𡢾׻𡢺ڰ𡭡
һȫ֣ںһ¶ȱȵһӸߣҲԵøӿֲ
һӴ󺣣Щˮͱ˲ˣ֮еĺˮˣնŤˡ
ڽЩֱӱˡ
ûʲô赲ںϺİ
Ҷǳע£ֻ治ϵӣһƬ򶼸סˡ
ʲô
ǰ𣡡
ôӵа𣡡
־Ӻ״
źҴЩ𣬵ѹ޷ܡ
ʱϺϿյߣϺߣޱ𺳵һĻ
ǾϺĺڲϵؽ͡
ۿɼٶڽš
·ڳϺĺˮ
ⲻܣΪϺжôӴ˭
ǽпֲϢ
ǿս
ˡ

һЩǿϺߣЩ²⣬Ǻ𺳡
ǿʮǵ˭ƽ
ǵ
һ죬עϺ˯žΪһʱ䣬Ϻĺƽ½һס
̫ˣһʱʧôĺˮûݴ½ĺˮ
ǿ߳ԿȴֻܹһƬ𺣣ǰɵĻ𺣡
£ݶ֪ˣǲ̵ĽҶǳ뽣սϾҲֻҶǳӵа
ҡѡ񳼷
ϺףĸѾݻˣֻʣ¹ͺͺɣڵֵŰĹ
Ҷǳ˵ɡ
ģȴҲֻ


1206 
ϺһսҶǳٴ½ˡ
ϾҶǳշһʮս񼶱ͷܹͷĴڡ
ʱ˶ûе£ҶǳѾ½޵ˡ
ͼ壬ѾԶԶҶǳĶ֡
ˣƺҲʧˣûٿǵ١
Ҳ˲²⣬ǿ϶ǻصԵɣȥչˡ׼ʵҶǳһϳ̡

ݣһ¹ڣħĴͷۼڴˡ
ǵܲ
˭Ҳû뵽ܲݣҶǳƤ¡
ħ˶̾ѣǳưô֪꣬ܲǸ
ò˵ص̫ˡ
ȻǴʱѣصҲкô
ոյһϢҶǳͽϺһսս֮󣬽ʧˣҲʧˣкܴǱҶǳշˡ˵
ǽȻѾݣаܹõ׼ȷϢ

ľͷȻ֪Ĵڡ
ΪҲ˳ԹҪշһ⣬ȫˡ
ԣǶǳĿֲʵ
ڣȻǵĴҶǳշˣ治һϢ
СӵʵǿֲշڸӲĶˡ̾Ϣ
˵ɫҲÿƾͷ½ô꣬ȴһСƵòòʵ̫ˡ
ѲҲοʮս񼶱һҶǳ֣ǼӶӲ
ˣɫЩص˵ԣǻǰıչأȴЩĵ
Щĵһʲô³ģɭɭ˵
Сһʱ䣬ߣħ˵ͷ
ͷҲֻܲĵڴ²һ£˽ǸӲҶǳˡ
ߣҶǳһˣǾͱɡ

̣硣
Ҷǳ󣬲̵ĸ߲㶼һܡ
ý򣬼㲹ûоͷܸˡ
Ҫ֪кüͷ֣ˣκβ˽
һýԵֵƾͷˡ
ҶСӣģëһ˵ط˷ܵҶ򽣵ģý
ãһչҶǳЦŵ˵ͷ
ǺǣΪʦҲҪմĹˡΪЦ˵
ԪҲЦңǲҲмλ򽣵ǿߣԽ
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴˵ЩĴҲɣǶʮս񼶱ģڽΧӦÿԼֵס
ΧĽǳֲѹǿޱȡ
ûʮս񼶱ΪºѴڽΧ
ԣҲֻв̵Ĵϵǿ߲ʸ
£ãҶҪ޽ˡһʵ˵
ҲĽѡ
˽ˣ϶һǧ
ϾݽǿŽΪġ
ˣ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵Ļ٣Ѿʮһս񾳽ܶˣ˽Ϳ̽ˣеǰ˵Ҳл̤ʮս񾳽硣
ҶǳԴҲǳڴһҲ̤ʮս񾳽磬ô̾͸Ӱˡ
ʮս񼶱ֻҪϾ޵ˡ
ϾҶǳŷǳ١

ռԭˣ
ڲ̵ĵ޴ɱֱϣڵһ񽣡
޾Ľͽӽϯȥ
Ҷǳڽ棬ռõ˺ܴջ
ԱߣΪëˣΧһЩһЩĴˡ
࣬Ҳмʮˣǲ̵ĸ֡
ʱЩ˶һ֮ɫΪǲ򽣵ٶȱ˺ܶ౶
ҶǳҲĸоԼռڲϵţٶȱëǶҪöࡣ
Ϊĳַ˵Ҷǳһÿһ̺һÿˣڽõָ㡣
ҶǳΨһͬĵطҶǳѾںγԼһ޶ռ
ȴûЩںĻͲʮս񾳽ˣǴﵽˡ
ʱڲ֪ţҶǳռһһǿ
оȥҪ˶ãռͿԴﵽԲˡ
ò˵ýֱ


1207 
ʮʱתۼš
Ϻһ޴ĺɽͻȻըѣʯƺ棬һȵĻɽ֮мֲϢըΧĺˮƬڷڡ
¡¡
ˮҵķţһֻ;޴Ĳ˴ɽ֮з˳˫չǧɣɫë˸
ǲ
汻ֻ˵ľ޳пʣһɿֲϢϺ漴ϯ½
ڹˣʱˡ
ֻڰлΪΣһӣɫս£ֳһѪսǿϢΧ飬·վڻҵĿռ֮С
峤
ԶһЩˣɢǿϢʮһս֮¡
ЩǿĲˣһܡ
Ϊǵ峤ɹڣΪĵˡ
䣡
ͬʱϳһͬǿϢֱ񷣬ϯ½
͸գԼԼԿõһɫצգצɢſֲϢ
ϳڣʮӵܹĤݣѡ
ڲһ峤峤̶ɹں󣬰׻峤峤峤̶ɹڡ
Ϣ½
һʱ䣬½ƽٴαˡ

̣硣
չ֮еҶǳһλ̵ĸǿнѡ
λͣѺһʱ͸Ӧ½ϿյǿĿֲϢ
峤ǵϢëҲˣɫص˵
Լ壬ģͬʱҲ֪Ǽ峤Ұģһս
Ե硣
峤ȫɹڣΪĵˡҶǳһǿϢ۾ޱȵء
ͬʱҲѣͽҲˡ
ǵʵ𣿹ǹǿϢҸоޱȵСһоɱһλͷ𾪵
̫ǿˣҲҡͷ
ԵǶ
ٶľͷҲ޷ֵһ
֪ͨˣһ塣
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣漴
Ҳ֪ԼǷԵסǵһػ󷨷ˣӦÿԵס
ҶСӣȥ̽һϢǲҪͳһ½ٸ㴫Ϣë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷȷҪ̽һ̽Ǽ峤ĿģҲԷ֮ҪʵǸߵľ磬½ء
̵Ĵʼ˲ݽǣ뿪½ȥ׷ߵľ
ֻ뵽޴½ĲҿҶǳҲұֻ֤ܾ׼

һѾҶǳڲǸԲ̵ĵӽһס
ϴػ󷨣һ̵ӱһϵĴ½һڡ
һǳߴķݶֳɵģ̣׾١
Ͼһ嵱ʥأʥȻȲ̸ǿʢǵĵҲͱȲ̶ö࣬һҲͲڻ¡
ݣ
ͬʱëҲ뿪ǣϺ׼ڡ
ҶǳĿë뿪ɫء
Ԫߣ˵ŵ϶ѾһˣŵӸظϻ
Ҷǳ˵ͷȻһ˶ʱʧڵһ塣
ʲô𣿡ԪЩɻ󣬲Ҳûж룬Թ˵뿪ˡ
ʱھ벹ǲԶһɽϣӰ֡
һҶǳվҶǳǰģλ;׻֮е
Сӣû뵽ľﵽ˵ĲΣΪˡ
ǰҶǳиһĨ֮̾ɫ
һμҶǳʱֻҶǳһϣû뵽̶ʱ䣬ҶǳѾɳָ߶ȡ
ǰҲɹڣҶǳʵ
мСɹڣʵϣʮǰѾɹڣʮһ½ʵΡϧôȥˣ걾ϤĵطѾıˣʱҴң׺ɣﰡ
Ҷǳûڸ̸ʱţЩڴʵǰҪͳһ½ǰ᲻ֹ
仹֮Уܹ赲ģҲֻǰλˡ
ͳһ½
һ㶣漴Ц
ҶǳɻؿͻȻЩϲ˵ǰѵ˵Ѿ½ˣҲԣǸ磬ںʲôȨȻ׷ߵľ硣
Сӵ˵Ҳȷұ׷Ǹߵľ磬ٺ٣½Ƕ㣬ڴ˵еĻ½ֻѡ
ЦǼͳһ½ԭΪǸ޷ͳһ½ѵˣ˵ǸԶʱһˣڣ˭ܹͳһ½


1208 ǿչ·
Զʱĵһˣ
ҶǳȻˣϾҩ԰Ǵ˽ģ˵ں½ʥ֮
ֲĴڣҶǳǡ
ĵǷͳһ½ʲôϵ
Ҷǳ̣ʵǿ󣬻þԶ϶֪öࡣ
СӣʵɣǼһѾ˾ųͲһܳƿ½ˡ
ҶǳЦʱƬصˣ֮ɱǣ˵Щͳһ½ʲôҹôԼȺ뿪½ء
Ҷǳԣʱסˡ
ƿ½λԶʱһǺôֱʣѹıô꣬һλˡ
ֻôһҶǳɺܵġ
ĵĲЩˣǵλԶʱĵһˡ
ΪڶԷƿ½ڳ֮󣬻᲻Ըǲأ
˵һǸʱ򣬶Է൱ס½ˡ
Լڱ˵У˵ҶǳԸˣ˭Ըġ
ԣЩҪԼȺ뿪ҶǳҲǲҪŲ뿪½
ǰûа취ֹ
Ҷǳ漴ʵ
½գǵûա
ңǵںյʱҲΣա
򲻵ѣ˭Ը뿪
λԶʱһʲô˼ԷĴڣѾвԼ
Ҷǳ㲻ԸԷΪУԷΪˡ
һжΪ档
СӣҺĳԹֹֹܹˡҡͷһƿص߳ɣѾû취ֹˡȻܹﵽľ磬ֹɱ
Ҷǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
Ц˵磬ʲôһǵǵˣǷΪСΡ˳ں½Ϊ磬ʱԶҵȡ
ԣСӣûںɹϽ취磬Ȼµ뿪½ɡ
ĻҶǳɵüͷ
ʵ̫ˡ
СǣλԶʱĵһˣѾڳˡ
˾޴󣬱ֹԷˣǸϽ취ʵ뿪½Ϊ
ǰ׼뿪½𣿡Ҷǳɵʵ
üͷһһϷŰؿҶǳٺЦʲôѵҪҴ뿪㲻ҪˣЩ׸ҵġңҲԸƹܡ
ǰ˵ЦˣȻͷǰҶǳЦ
Ųƹأϴ֮Уʱпܸʱǲе졣
ߣСʶࡣ
һ漴˵Сһܣǿչ·ڲúҪߵ·ȻҪǲ£ʱԴµӣ̤·ǰ½
Ҷǳ۾һæʵ·ʲôΣ𣿱ջҪΣ𣿡
ߵȻΣգΪ·ǻ½ǿٳģյӻ½ڼǺ硣ʱ򣬻еĵһЩʵˣᱻпɱٺ٣Щ½֮Կٳ·ԭ򣬱ΪѡһЩŵӶΪµӡ

Ҷǳһ
⵹ǺͲ̵ŪսһΪѡţչ¡
ֻЩ½ǿٵĻǿչ·磬֪˶ٵʵֲ̫ˡ
Ǵֱʰ
Сӣ츳úʵɣǧεĻᡣЦ˵ԶʱǼһ֮Ҫں½ҲΪʵòһεĻǿչ·
ҶǳЦ̫̬ˣԶʱıˣǻôǱȡ
ҿûı
ҡҡͷһЦǿչ·һʱֻῪһΣԶʱʱûнϹʱʱұǼһӡˣûμӡһֱŲμӣΪʵϾǿչ·̫Σˣһ̤ȥһ˫Ҳ̤·ǲ̵Ĵʼ˲ݽǾͲ̤·ֻѡ뿪½ȥããգ½
ǰ˵Щĵ̤·𣿡Ҷǳɵúʵ
С
Цѵǵ޴½ǵȱ̤ǿչ·ģˣ˵ǻ̤Сӣǿչ·ɲСӹҼң̤еĵһ֮ţʵȥ


1209 ˻
ӵĻҶǳһЦ
磬ʥ˫˫ɱʱ˲̵ϴ֮⣬û˸ҳ
峤ǰѾԳˣȴôõͷڹ꣬Ҳѹǡ
Сӣ㻹ʲô⣿ǻͶԵҵķϣұһһ𡣡˵
Ҷǳԣ΢΢һЦǰһһ⣬֪λԶʱһ˵ʲôٺ٣

ԴЦҾͲµҪǼһ֮⣬Ѿû֪ˡţҸ˵ԶʱʱʥͬһǺϳֻء˾ֻе
ٺ٣һһݽɫΪ߾ѧɱˣֻʥأ׵ضֱһӡ
ֲǣһһӣȵ侲ֻֻؾ֪ˣһ侲ķӡ

ĻҶǳ𺳲ѡ
λǰѡ顯ַӵ˼㡣
ճǣۿŵɱԼӣ޶Եճǳ½컪ԵС׼ˡ
Ȼĺһ棬½컪λԶ
һµķӣ
Ҷǳ̾
Խǣһƿ½ˣָŹǣָƿ°
ûһ˻š
ԣǸϽ·á
Ҷǳظ񣬷˵һ塣
ڸԪİ£һãһڲ̵Ѿ
Ϊ˰ȫԪϵǿߣʱǲġ
̵ҲҶǳᵽ˵һ壬ʱҶǳۼڵĽ򽣵
ڵһ壬в̵
¥롢ˣѾصһˣ¥̽ӻֲ½Щ˶ɢ֮Уõİȫ
Щ̽ռ½صϢȻ󴫻صһ壬ʼϢõĸ̵֪ĸ
һжɵؽš
ʱȻš

ʱ½߶ҲǳţǶͳһ½ⳡսܶˡ
Ҷǳ֪ϢȻ֪Щ岻ٷֺõͳһ½
ԣǳģһֱڽ±չز򽣵
Ҷǳûбչضã㱻ǽˡ
ʲô£𣿡Ҷǳǰһʵ
㿴Ŀռ䷨ּ֪ˣǼ紫Ϣ˵׼ٿ˻ᣬ½ʥ
ʲô
Ҷǳһ㶣漴æóԼĿռ䷨ּ
ȻëϢ˵һѾʮǿһ̸ˣ׼ʥ
Ϊ˼ʧЩ׼½
Ҷǳüͷһ壬Ц
˵ĺϣ˵ĲǾвȡ
Ҫʥʱ򣬿»ǰ棬ں档
ʱ˲صĿ϶ܱסʵˡ
Ҫǣʥô𣿾ܹʥҲ˲أЩ۴󲿷ֶҪϡ
ң⻹ǳֺõ飬Ͼûʲôô
ʥڹȻкܶ౦ⶫ𣿵ʱ϶ᱻߡ
úôʧأԲһϢ
Ҫڻңô죿Ԫʵ
ڳ˶ܿóնġ
ҶǳԼ̸ǰˣȻһ𾪵˵Ҳ²Щ׼뿪½֮ǰһʣ˵ǻ׼Ǻʥܾ˵ʱٽҲȡ㹻ԴͱȻ뿪½
Ȼڵ֪޷½ʱһʺô뿪½
İԵײУȷó
˻ǲβμӣμӵĻ岻ưոݵġԪ
ҶǳμӣȻҪμӣ޷顣ʱҲչһʵǲܳΪڻңøһʥ֮󣬷ֵһֱС
а𣿡ΪؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ϵһ壬ҾаգʦģЩҲǹ¼ҹһҲй˼ɵģǿһ㡣


1210 Ƽ
ë˻ϢҶǳǲúʮǿһ壬ҲԷųϢٰһʢ˻ᡣ
˻ٰĵصѡݵĽǣҲǽڵĴӪ
Ҷǳ֪Ϣ󣬲ɵüͷǣЩһ𣿡
ôң
Ԫ˵Ǹ年ˣǰһλϻǴǲԽڳֺ֣ӣ㶼󡣡
ҶǳߵһɽȻеˡ
ǻǰɲôڲǰſ
һǵĵ
յϢħšҲҵɽ뿪˵
¥̽ǣѾħŵĵӿʼسˣȻ˿ɽ岹̵׷ɱˡ
ȲЩС˻ʱʲôʱʼȥһ㡣Ҷǳ˵
Ԫ˵ʱº½ĸѾɳʹ߶ǰȥμˡ
Ǻãº֪ͨҡҶǳ˵ͷ漴ڽ£򽣵
Щǿߴѹ̫ˣҪʵȻ硣
ˣһôΪѾ˵壬һ磬Ͳһˡ
˵һΪ˵;ǵеǿߡڣҲͲֵһˡ
ʱڲ֪š

º
Ҷǳ۾͸Ԫ˽һ̤ȥ
ʵҪһ֮ڣִܵݡ
ǰѾͬڿռճ̶ȣѾﵽһ۷塣
ݣǡ
ɽ˺ޱ
ǿ߻ۣĴСͷ׷׵
ǿϢ磬ᴩգֱ񷣬סǡ
һλλͷɢǿϢڽ֮ڣͬһ棬ޱҫ
ʮɰٵʮһս񼶱ĳǿߣµӣһƲ
ʮս񾳽µߣλûУֻվڽǵĹ㳡ϡ
ߴϯ̨ϣλĿޱ䣬Ϣޱߣǿѹȴڳ߸еս
̫ǿˣǱԱߵħ̽һȾͷΪġ
˶𣿡ĵ˵
ħǳյ˵ǰв̵Ҷǳûҿǲҿ˲̡
ħɱҶǳϳݣøǱҶǳˣǷǳʹҶǳ޲ϻ̡
ҶǳǸ˵С𣿡һá
Ҳ˵Ҷǳ֪츳޵УֻҪǵûн
ԱߵĲһ峤ĮƳһħ˵ֵõ𣿡
Ҷǳǲһ˧ǺֵܣԿڷ˧ķϣſڰһ¡
ħڨڨһЦûҶײһ峤
ʼһ峤ڣȻҲû׷ˡ
ʱҶǳҲ˽ǣһ¡
һҶǳۿħСô꣬ڸҳ˵ҵһǿˣ׼𣿡
Ȼ֮ǰħĻҲˡ
Ҷǳɲǲ̣˵Сĵ㡣ħûѪŭȵ
ʲôйƣ
ôҲһλǿƾͷ
Ҳ֪Ҷǳֻ˵˵ĳ֡
ߣСҶǳħһм֮ɫú첱Ӵ֡
Ȼ˶ˣǾͿʼɡ׻峤˵ù㳡ϵ˰
˶ϯ̨ϵ
λ࿴˿漴ʿڳ˵λ½ʥʥѹô꣬涼ܱ԰ɣ
ÿһĴ˶Ȼɱµŵӣʧء
ǽ˾ͷΣֻѹΪҳ硣ΪֻҪǵҳ磬ͻᱻʥնɱ
ôǶʥصӰ֮£λѵһֱ𣿡

ò˵ʵĻԵúɿһЩ߶¶ʹ޵ɫ
ȷʥسư½ô꣬ɱ˸ţ֮ĳԹ̫ˡ
ڳÿһ϶ʥгֻǰʥصǿʵòˡ
ģ
ʴ˵ǵȻģҵȶѾΪ˵λһƷʥأӴԺµҲõıɱˣҲ԰ĳ硣


1211 һȭ
ʵɿ£˵ķŭȷˣʥأ˵ȷʹޣĿԲʥأ˲
ʱ˵öԣǽڲϳʵĻ䣬ϱ̬ˣȻѾĴȡ
ħҲ̬Ը롣źһҲʾԸϡ
ʵϣЩͷ˵Ǵĵ֧ʥء
˵Ϊȥ˵ӱ𣬾͵Ϊǽܹȫ磬ǶԸ
ֻҶǳһЦǴ֪Ϣ֪λҪ뿪½Ϊλôģ˲ʥء
ҶǳҲûֹЩɵǲûκιϵûʥĸ롣
ԣҶǳҲʾεϳ
ɻ϶ʥѹƹԶԸһЩСȴͷϾʵСûиʥشȻҲûκεĶԹ
ͬʱΪʵСҲûκεĻȨ붼Уֱӱˡ

ŽˣɵĴҲǻϡ
ȻͬҶǳϣֻ˵ڻңΪγǵĵ֮⣬֮⣬ûǲһһ
ʵϣԸɳҲΪ˽ĥѡ
Ǽڣѵסһ
ԴˣȻ治ˬҲûʸָ
Ͼ˼ҳʥʲôʸָбȥԸʥ
Ͽգһ̤նѹѹһƬ֪жˡ
վǰǺʮλͷȻЩʮһս񼶱ĳǿߡ
ҶǳҲУһˡ
ħֻҶǳһ˵ɵŭҶǳǴҶɳǲƾʲôֻɳһˣ
Ѳ˷Ҳȵ
ɭЦ㲻µҪʵɣΪеʵܹʥ
˵ָҶǳмɨһۣ˵һ˾ȫҵĵеǿһԡ
Բѣ

Сӣ̫ſˡ

ħŭ
˵ڵ˶ô𣿡
ǺǣʢǺġ˵ҶǳʵȷԣҪȻҲһ˳ưˡһĵЦ˵
ëվߣȻͦҶǳ
ɽϻӳưѣɵվֻϡʲм
ҶǳЦֻϣʱ´ͽУÿɷ񣿡
֪óһʵʲưոݵġ
Ҷǳһ峤üͷҶǳȻҪսʣֱ
ͷǿҲֻʮս񣬶ѾԽսΡ
ڵǰǿľͷҲǲһġ

ʹЦһҶǳЦҪҶ֣ãҲ۸㣬ֻҪܹסһȭұʸƽƽ
ʱ´ͽ̣Ҷǳ˵
ԶħЦֱ֪Ҹ֣Ϊ޵˰
ħֺαظһ֮˷ϻֻ˵
ɭضҶǳ˵СӣˣҾȥǲ̡
ڵԽԽˡһ֮ɫ
ڳˣûһΪҶǳԵסʵһȭ
˵һȭΪʻһȭ˼ҼΪӣҲҪһȭɱҶǳȻĸ飿
ԣҶǳԵһȭȻǿһȭ
Сӣ׼𣿡
ۿǰҶǳһӡ
Ѿ˵ԱߣóһƬյء
Ҷǳվʶ棬һޱء
һĵ˿⡣
ӡ
ҶǳʩչɲɵɵվﱻʴһȭǾΪ
ӡҶǳȫʩչӡ߶ʹ貵ԡ
Ѿ׼ˣ
ЦһѹķӡһмһľΪԿ𣿡
䣡
ϣ͵һȭȥպȭ
˵磬ȭӳȫȵڲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
һ;޴ĽɫзŭҶǳɱȥ
طƱɫһƬĩվ


1212 ʥ
ӡ
һȭҶǳս߶˼ޣӡһɽһǰϵر赲Žɫĺ
¡¡
飬ֲƲӿƵ캳أݿࡣ
ӡҶǳУױȫܣԶԶ˵ëִ߶
ΪҶǳѾ˵壬ټѾʮս񾳽磬ʵ޽ӽԲܹӳȫܡ
䡭
޴ӡһֲѹʱȥϯϿգһɷ籩ݡ
˿ֲܣĲԶʮͷ׷ɫ䣬ҶǳΪеħˣŵɫףнŵĿ⡣
ͬǾͷҶǳΪʲôôǿ
ڳˣ뵽ˡ
һ峤׻峤峤峤ĴͷеЩ𾪡
СӣȷЩ¡
ɫδ䣬ҶǳֳսҲе𺳡
ûн֮ǰڵҶǳôɡ
ǿ츳˿ֲĳɳٶȣһ˲ҵɱ⡣
뵽½־ûҪ
Ͼ½Ҫλںǿ߸ͳˣʱЩܹ뿪½⣬Ҷǳûнˣֻ½
¡¡
˼֮䣬ʵһȭѾݺݵغھ޴ӡһɿµ籩ʱϯء
ͷӡǾ޴ȣʵЩСӳȴ÷ӡڲϵغˣһӾͽҶǳײɳȥˡ
СӣֻڵܷӳǿЦ
һɫϵسŷӡӡ÷ٺˡ
ۣ
Ҷǳ߶ŷӡɸеǰݹ޵һʱһѪ
ã˵壬ȻĻղž㲻Ҳᱻ塣
ĺôǼӲޱȣôǿҲֻҶǳһѪѣ˲ͻָơ
ôܣ
ʾˣ۾ҶǳЩŵȻ˵壬ǵһĵ塣
ʱڿˡ
ʲôҶǳ˵壿
ôܣ
ûнôɵ壿

оһƬ
λĵ𾪵ضҶǳ
ûнȴ˵壬ֱǰδС
ңܹסʵȫһȭʵѾǳˡ
Ҫ֪ղʵȫһȻȥҶǳᱻ
ǣҶǳɵվﱻʴ
ӵе壬ԪһҶǳܵٶȾԲȵ١
£һĵɱҶǳֻмλ֣ɱҶǳ
˵ͨһսҶǳչֳʵѾ˺͵ƽƽʱˡ
Сӣò˵ȷҺܾȡʿ˵йâ˸֪ıʲô
Ҷǳûм֣ɵӡȴɺʱһξ룬ЦʱµʵȻˡ
ߣһûٶԡ
һ峤Щ̾ؿһҶǳ漴Ц˵ȻˣǾͳɡ
ҲһҶǳСʵǵҲòˡ
ʮͷһҽӽҶǳǣߣҶǳǳƵġ
Ͼǰʵһǳ֣Ǿͱˡ
·ϣħǣҶǳˡ
ȻҶǳһչʾڳ˶ɵѡ
˴ٶȺܿ죬ֱǰ
ʵϣʥɽž棬ǰΪʥǵˣ԰ɽŽڱ˴˵Ķ棬ԡ
ǲףɶ֮Ūģʵһɶѣ֮Ūӡ
ʥɽɽϣɽ͵һһߴޱȣڸ磬ɲ⡣
Ƿͷң䣬˶ԸǶԸʥʿһ峤
һ峤ҶǳһۣЦ˵ҿ϶ҶСڣҲˡ
⻰˼ǣǱ߾ټһҶǳ
ְɣûжԣֱӴɱڵɽ壬һػ赲ǵĽ
һ峤Ͱ׻峤Ҷǳǣ˽ʥߵɽ壬ͬһػ󷨵סǵȥ·
ػ󷨣һ֣֮
֣ôû˳ֵҶǳüͷȻ͸ǰػ󷨣ȴûиӦκ˵Ĵڡ


1213 
ҶСӣ㷢ûУƺû˰ëΪ󷨴ʦȻҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵Ҳָо
ȻЩ֣˲û֣ͣڲһ峤Ͱ׻峤λĴ£˺ܿͻ󷨡
Ͼû˴߶ػ󷨣һôǿҲסλʮλͷսֹ
ͬʱǱѾȹ󷨣ɱ˽ȥ
ţôûеϢ֮أ
һ峤üؿš
ԶʺҲڸ߿С
ǵʵȻܲϢ
֮أ
ҶǳҲɻ֮ɫ
ǰɽϣѾɱˡ
ĴϡϣһЩ͡ʽӵȵȣȻǵʵǿĶսǿĴʮһս񼶱ĳǿߡ
ʮͷĹ£Щ˺ܿͱնɱɾˡ
ڳλһھͷеЩ֡
ʥʥأư½£ѵʵ
ѵ֮û
ͼһﲻëüͷһֱҪ汨أûˡ
Ҷǳ֮ڣǿǰյϢˡ
ЩԾëҡͷʥسư½ô֪࣬˶ǿţһЩţչɽšЩţôۼһӴ֡Щأ
Ҷǳ˵ͷɫֵ˵ĲÿһʥĴ˳Ǹ츳ˣÿһлΪʮս񼶱ľͷڣȴһͷ
ʱ򣬲һ峤˹ʵôʥȻư½Ǹǵĸо֮⣬ǲûбֳ̫ǿʵǰηǣҲη֮
յģһӰӶûС
ûˣûˡ
һҲûУȫǿյġ

֮һЩ磬ʥص˳ˣǶҡͷ
ڳ˶ɲѣʥ޵ô꣬Ȼ֮֮⣬ʲôҲûˡ
λɫޱȣǷô½һ񣬰һˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ¶ˣ
ڴʱһϷŰЦ֮д
ڳûλҶǳȴˣǶתͷһ
飬һϤӰ̤ն
ǰҲ˰ҶǳЦ˵
λĵҶǳȻʶˣɵЩȡ
Ҳʶ񣬱Ͼ磬ŸǴ˻ᡣ
ˣһ̽˵ܹΪҪлˡ
ѣûв´ĻӦԶʱλ˵еɡʵ˵
мɨһʣûʣҶǳЦ˵ǼһѾȫںе֮˻ȥȻ
ѣδҲ̫Ŀ˰ɣʿԼˣʱŭ
ҲǵʲΪԼȶԷ١
ʣֻǶҶǳ˵˵ǰЩʥش𣿺ٺ٣ΪǸ˻ЩųɳвҹƣЩţٴﵽʮս֮ǰᱻ֮նɱˡ
˻ҶǳԵһǶô̰
뵽λ飬ҲܹˡϾٲ̵飬Ҳˡ
ѹô꣬ʥôţ½һûеʥͷûУԭȫ֮ɱˡ
˵Ҫһ¡ʴʱ˵
гŭ⣬ǵ峤Ǹˣȴһ٣ٶô˵棬еޱȶ
ͣ
ڿˣЦһм½ΨһϿɵĵֻһĲ̽㣿һСѣ֮ѹ£ô꣬Ҳֻ͵͵Ϊʲô£ʲôʸսң
Ļڳλɫ
ʸǲȻŭҵҪʵǲһ
䣡
һ䣬ʱһȭ񣬿ֲȭᴩ񷣬˺գƺƵֱ
Χ˶Ѹ˿ս˭ҽӽ
λҶǳ⣬˵ԶԶġ
ҲգСҵʵ֪ǵҲŵȵġŶɱһЦ


1214 ǿ
ʴһȭܣͬһȭӭȥײֲ
ȭ
ʴȭӡһ䣬ƿ쭣µȭͷ֮緢Ȼǿս
һɫŭţţչֳǿǵһϯƴ㸲û˾졣
ûԸҶǳˣԼս߶˼ޣâɣɫһһ㣬ҫųҵ⡣
ԼǿˣΪĲҶǳְӵһλĵǱһҪǿĵ
ûн֮ǰܹսʵ֮ǿʡ
Ŀ¶֣ʲ˿⣬ǰδеأԼսޣӳԼ״̬
𣡡
ɫצǳ޴·գǿನ֮£֧顣
ǿ
ԶսҶǳһĻɵͫһ
Ȼںսʱ򣬲ûʩչȫ
ʵһȭ̫ǿˣֵȻᱻҲˡ
ҾĵһأҶǳ뵽
ٿǱߣԵõʮ㣬Ľɫצޱߣɲܣһȭӭϡ
ȭ
ȵ
еȭͷΪһųҵɫ𺣣ӿľ׻Ĳٿ£۳ʵʻչֳǿ
Ϊ˫ĲٿأҶǳǿࡣ
׻У
֮һɨضΪһƬɫĻ𺣣ɫצвҺš

ɫ˲һ䣬æȫ߶һɺƺƵĿֲܣƿֲĳӱڶҪ
С
һЦһգǰնʱ飬һ˺ɫķ컭ƿնС
䡭
һշ컭ꪣΧնʱͬһ֧飬µ֮ڷ컭֮ϣĻӶ˺Ѳ񷡣
ɱ
ʴţѹ
ͬһ̫ħɽѹռ֧飬ֲк£ضڶ
ȻӿͣӶ컭ꪣǰգ˲ǰ
¡¡
Ӷŷ컭ꪣһɨȥǿϣҵѪɡ
ʵĵȻڸղŵһ˲䣬ͱķ컭ꪸˡ
ʲô
ôܣ

սȫɫ䡣
ʵʵǷǳ֮ǿȻôͱˣߵʵ֪
ȻͬǵҲǿࡣ
̫ˣҼĵ֮󣬱ûмٳ֣ΪȻԻʣȴ޷ɱʡ
ͺñʶԸҶǳһͬԻܣȴ޷ɱ
Ϊĵʵ̫ӲˣҺǿĻָֻҪһ˵̫أϺɱһ
һԣֻһ󾳽磬ܻɱ
Ҳ˵ֻдܻɱС
ͬС˴֮Щʵ࣬Ҳɱ˴ˡ
ɶ񡪡
ʿĿԹʵ̫ˣò׳Ϊ˵Ȼ״ܡ
ģһҪһѩǰܡ
ȴûʣҶǳǰЩź˵Сӣ츳ϣϧǸѾ֮ջȥˣ˵ȫһҲ˵ʱûˣʱ䲻ˡ
Ҷǳһ
а磬Ǹʱ䲻ˡ
Ρ
СӣŬɣҲɹܹɹǾһ𴳻ǿչ·Ͼ½Ҳֻʸһ̤ǿչ·ˡ
ҶǳһЩڴϾ½ʷϣλʽ⣬ֻҶǳһ˰
һҶǳɹˣƾһ㣬ʵ㲻֮£Ҫǿ
ǿչ·ǳΣգҲϣԼһǿĻ飬ļ
ֻһеǰᣬǵҶǳ̤С
ҡҡͷ̤ǰĿռ䣬һ˽ȥʧڿռ֮С
ǿչ·ߣԶҲĻɵ̵
ҶǳĵؿһۣһҲֻҵ뿪Ÿ˵ղô˵
䣡
ͻȻһ˷컭ƿգɱʡ
񣡡ʷŭȫֵɵס˷컭ꪸѪɡ
Ҷǳһֻ֮ɫȻû߶Զʵ²ۡ


1215 ر仯
ûзأֻǽѵһ٣ջǸ˷컭ꪣֻһŭͲʵʡ
λһļ£Ǵ⣬ԺǧҪ񣬷㲻Ҳᶪˡ
λȻʥѾˣôҶĳ뿪ˡҶǳһЦ漴̤նȥ
ëԥƬ̣ԼվǲһģڻܸҶǳ뿪ȻȥҲ١
漴Ҳȥǰæһˣʲôûеõ
ȻùĻʣΪһ٣涪
ɣҲɢȥ

һ壬Ҷǳ̤ն
Ҷǳ򵥵ظ˵һϥڽ£򽣵
ԣʱ䲻ˡ
ãҲҪƴһ¡
ʱţʮ֮½ؿʼ޴ı仯ˡ
ֱ仯һʼСֻеҶǳǿ߲ܹظӦһ˿Ǳطǰˡ
Ԫڿռ䣬½Ŀռ䷨Ѹǿ
£Ҷǳ۾Ŀ͸һĨɻ
Ѿռ˿Բ磬ԪһҲˡ˵ڵؿˣֻҪʱ䣬Ҫֻ̫࣬Ҫ͹ˣаճ硣
Ϊǿľ磬ҶǳŻ½ķô˽⣬ܹӦ½зǿռ䷨
ΪĴԪһǴӿռ䷨ӱģȻ˽ռ䷨
Ҷǳ֮̽£½Ŀռ䷨ǿͺԭһģڲϵر
ռ䷨ǿҵĴԪһٶˣֻǡҶǳû˿ϲɫ
Ȼڵȵռ䷨ǿȥҲֻҪʱ䣬ܳ硣
ǣ½Ŀռ䷨ΪʲôͻȻʼǿأ
ʵѾӽҶǳΪصȻ仯Ͼǰûֱ仯
Ҫǣطر仯ر仯ֻӰεȵȻأط࣬Ҫȥܣȥ⣬ܷ֡
ԣǲ׶仯ġ
ǡ
Ҷǳͫһ뵽һµ
ڴʱһϤԺС
СӣʵӦÿԷطı仯԰ɣ֪ûв²⣬Ҹ㣬˵ǼһѾںƿ½ˡҵ㣬Ҫʮʱ䣬ܳƿ½

ƾڵһ岻ԶʱڴҶǳ˵ļ꣬½طǿһ۷壬Ȼǿչ·֣ҲҪ뿪ˡ
ʮʮ꣬ʱ䲻ˣĻᡣȻѣҲһв֮дֲϣԳɹ
漴ʧˡ
£Ҷǳ͵վ
ں½ˡ
Ҳ˵Ϊһˡ
ԶԷĮԸҶǳĲһƿ½Щ½ʲôˣ
ҶСӡ
Ȼ洫ë
һë͹ˣеĻΪԪС塢ѩЩˡ
һҶǳëæ˵ˣ峤Ѿٻˣ׼뿪½壬ҲˡԱү㣬Ӧλںɹˡ
ţѾ֪ˡҶǳ˵ͷĴټж֤ںˡ
˵ɫǳأǶѾҶǳ֪ƿ½Ƕұϣ
Ȼ˻롭
Ҳλ뿪½׷ߵľ硣
ҲλῴЩϣǡ
Ҳ
ϣ֡Ҳ棬ҶǳڳҲ
κһΪսˣԼ˽ˣб˵ʴȡ
ο˻һĮ鵽˼µˡ
ҶСӣҪҸ峤˵˵һ뿪½ëʵ
ҶǳҡҡͷЩô뿪½ǰսĵ棬ϾպΣգûгΪ޷ġ
Ҳ˵Ҫһֱڲһ峤ĵ棬Ȼλ峤֪ʲôʱ򣬲ҵһʱٽ磬ųǡ
֮ƯʱǾֻһֱڱ˵ĵ棬Ϊ˵ĵ磬޷޷
ֻܸɵš
ʹ½һǰ˽ˣȻһ峤ǿΣΣյջ˭֪λ峤᲻䣬һ˶
ҶǳȻԸԼڱ˵ϡ
ʦٻеĵӣһвҵعһ塣ȳȥתһתˣ˳㽫ϢȥҶǳ˵վ
Ҫһߣûлͻơ


1216 ڰ֮
Ϣȥ
Զһ㶡
ëŴͣŵؿҶǳ˵ҶСӣһ鴫½̫˰ɡ
Ҷǳ˵ܹΪսˣϣԼĲף½ս񣬶Ӧʸ֪½δʲôӣҲЩˣҵ취أ
ǰκ˶Ӧ֪ȨδҲı䲻ˣǿԸıڵˡΪϢȥɡ
үо½ҪˡëҡҡͷҲ˼ˡ
Ҷǳ뿪˵һ壬ûκη򣬾ôعţ½
ԼΪ½˵Ϣ̴½
һʼûţľۼ弴뿪ϢȥϢҲͽˡ
ңʱţЩͷǿߣҲӦطı仯뵽̷ųϢǾͲòˡ
ֻšʱӵ½
ȻЩǶЩǿ߶ԣڵײߣǲΪԼΣա
Ͼ˵һ߲ʵ񣬶ֻϣ˻ȥһֻ
ֻЩͷڸеԼδһǿƿԼˣкܳأ֪ô졣

ҿպ
ϹսǿռƬʱ
̺вҲл
Ҷǳİ˸ռ벹̵ʱһڲ̵ĵ˴һ󣬱Ҳûˡ
Ȼľ磬ҲҪĻˡ
ϾһλıҲûʲô
ûá
ҶǳֻԼ
ŶˣҲܰһ˹϶̤ġ
ҶǳҿպѰһҵżõ˲ٱûҵ
ȻֻǳϡУЩϹŹϵżҲҵõ
뿪ҿպ֮Ҷǳ˺ڰԨһȴһֱûеĵط
ĺڰ𣬾ʦΪںڰԨҵ˵ģ˵ǰкܶʮһս񾳽ĳǿںڰԨ
Ҷǳڴﵽʮһս񾳽粻úֱʮǣûڰԨˡ
ڰԨҲҪһϾԺ󻹲ܿõͲһˡ
ڰԨײ˵֮⣬ûȥʦҲ˵ˣǳΣգмֻǿĺڰħޣֻеܴùȥ
ҶǳһƬ׵ĺڰԨЩ档
ڵʵӦÿȥڰԨײɡ
½ҪˣһºİɣҶǳȥӿٶȣźڰԨײȥ
𣡡
·ϣһЩǿĺڰħ޸ӦҶǳĴڣʱҪɱߡ
ϧȻҴ˶֣ΪҶǳǿ󣬼Ҫȼˡ
ҶǳûԶֻ֣ʩչĽһɨȥЩ˹ĺڰħ޾ͱĽɱˣһ߾߱ʬ壬Ȼ
Щڰħ޵ʬòţǿԽ̵ЩӣϾЩʬƤͷսס
ৣ
Ҷǳ½ٶԽԽ죬Ϊʵ̫ǿˣûһֻڰħ޿Ƭ̡
˺ڰԨ·мֻʮս񼶱ĺڰħɱˣǵסҶǳĽȴסҶǳȭͷһɱˡ
ļӲʮս񼶱ħ޿ԵֵģοҶǳռȭǳǿ
½ƾͷסҶǳȭͷοЩڰħˡ
ϾЩͷʹõЩڰħ޿ûҲǿһЩҲֻ׼徳磬֮Ҷǳĵ壬̫Զˡ
һĹҶǳһ·ɱ˺ڰԨײٶ֮죬Ŀɿڴ
Ҫ֪Ϊôʱ䣬ûеִ˵أɼڰԨжôֲ
Ҷǳʵ̫ǿˣֻҪǵûĶ֡
ףʲô
ȻҶǳܵ󷨵Ĳǰ̽ȥʱһ޴󷨣ҷǳǿ
Ȼǿ󷨡
Ҷǳ¶ȺɻЩڰħ޿ɲ᲼󷨣ҿ󷨵ǿ󣬹ǵõġ
ʵϣҲֻеɱ󷨡
Щͷû취ɱ
ֻǣЩΪҪﲼأ
ҪʲôûбҪǿĺڰħػ˵˭ɱѵǷ
Ҷǳкˡ
󷨼Ȧϸ̽ΪҲ֪ʲô
Ҷǳźһ£ȴǰĴâһɢһߴιӰ¶ˡ

Ҷǳɴ۾ϳˡ
Ϊǲ̵ĵ֮Увĵǲ̵Ĵʼ˰


1217 
Ҷǳû뵽ῴ̵Ĵʼ˲ɵЩĿɿڴǰĹӰȷǲ־Ӱ
ϿգֻԹԵ˵½ĺ󱲣ӡͨһͨһаĴ磬кǿԣΪ½İȫҷӡ˴˵ء½ĺ󱲣˴ӳ󷨷ӡ󷨡
˵꣬ιӰʧˡ
Ҷǳš
漴Ҷǳ˫貵⣬һĨϲС
һͨ
Ǵ磬С磬ȷԼû
ǴͷȻֱһ尡
ȻͨһͨǾ
ȻҲ˵һԺǿһаĴ硣
ǣа񣬻ܹȵаٿֲܱȵֲ
Ĵ޷ģֻģڵʱںȻĴܴ½
Ҳ˵ǸаĴʵǿҲֻеѡ
Ҷǳڵʵõŵĵ
˵߻λʱλһԸһǸаĴġ
ϾǵԴ˽ããҲΣա
һǰĴ磬ЩǻԸ
½Ҫһˡ
ҶǳһЦ漴뿪ڰԨײȥ
ҪȥϵЩ˵ЩһѾ׼½ˣһˣǾͳˡ
˭֪ǸамƾҶǳһˣ϶޷ǸаĴ棬ýЩĵһ
ৣ
ڰԨϷҶǳֱ˲Ƹ·ܿݡ
Ȼ͸һϳ
ʱһټطˣȻ׼뿪ˡ
вĴΪһ彻ãԺƤϹѯǷԴһ뿪½
ҶǳͿ˴ŵ
ҶСѣ˰˧أһ峤ӦҶǳϢɵЦ
Ա߻дŵλҶǳĿЩӣ˵ôãһ峤û¶һ˿ЦݣҶǳһԷȻӭ
ʵĴ
Ȼëһϵ
峤ҷͨһͨҶǳֱӿżɽ˵
ţʲôһ峤һ㶣漴
ԱߵĴҲɴ۾š
ȷһ峤ЩضҶǳһͨ϶ȥðգ⼸Ҳˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ǧȷںڰԨײǲ̴ʼ˲õ󷨷ӡϢһͨаͨ˵ǸԣԲŷӡͨһЩҲӳ󷨷ӡ
а񣿺Ǻǣһ峤ЦʱˣֻҪǴУǷаλټ㣬ѵǸаĴ绹мʮλֻҪǵĵʮλǾͲ塣
峤ٸ֪⼸˵Ҫ뿪ˣǵжһ㡣ңҹһҲùǵǰ̽̽·СҶǳæ˵
һ峤Ц˵ղѾ֪ͨˣˣλϤ֪ܲܽһ˾ͱȵǼڣǿ϶ܹǸ硣
ԿҶǳҲȷ᲻μӣϾҪ߻ǿչ·ûΣֻϣܹԷȤ
Ͳһ峤ֱ֮ҶǳһߴѶΪëǣһȥѰ
ûпϢϾڵʵѾ½޵ˣҶǳͷų̽½֮󣬱ҵ
Сӣ𣿡
ȻҶǳ̽ӣֱ˺գҶǳǰ
Ҷǳæ˵ǰҷһͨһͨǺͼλˣ׼Ǹ磬֪ǰûȤ
ǺǣҪҰæ΢΢һЦҶǳ˵û뵽СãȻҵͨһͨһл̤ˡ
ǰҶǳ¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ц˵ҪҰҲУǵ̤֮һǿչ·ǻ෢ģҪڹ·֮лñѱ˴ˡ
û⣡Ҷǳԥص˵ͷǿչ·ôΣգǿĻ飬˵Ҳܲ


1218 ħƴ½
˵֮Ҷǳʱټ񣬻̫ǿˡ
һǸаĴʮλǶˡ
οֲǴײˣһҲδôĵ
֮Ҷǳص˵һ塣
һ˶ѾǰյҶǳϢǵ϶Цݡ
ûʲôܹ˸˵ˡ
ҶСӣû뵽ȥתһȦҵ˻·Ǿ˰ëп
ҶǳЦ˵Ҳû뵽ںڰԨײһͨͨʱҲֻЩ棬ȥһ̽ġ
ʮʮţܻһǣ˵ĹȻûΪҲܸˣͽ츳ܸߣûΣ̤硣
뵽ԼһͽܣΪЩ
Ҷǳ˵ٻеӣ¥ˣȺĵȥ̽һ̽ȴͨǱߣٴǹȥ
Ҳ֪ǸаĴ粻ô׽ȥģЩȥǰվǲܽȥ
Ͼ漰սǿܹġ

½ٴηˡ
ΪҶǳͨһͨϢѾ½
壬ɣʼжˡ
½һˡ
һĵûڻңϾǶǱߵ˽⣬׼ȹȥ̽һ̽
ںڰԨϿգҶǳԼ˺նλ½ǿߣۼڴˡ
ߣ
ŵɫѿһ
ֻҶǳЦŵͷȻֻҶǳ
Σ
ЩͨֻҶǳ츳֮һΪ󣬲ܹۡ
߰ɣǵʱ䲻ˣȹȥ̽һ̽һ峤Ц˵
һڰԨ
λһλ޽ӽǿǰЩڰħ޶ֽģǺܿ˺ڰԨײ
ӡٴα־ӰҲٴγ֣˵һ顣
֮󣬶ϲɫ֮ǰǶҶǳЩɣȴǲٻˡ
û뵽ڰԨȻͨһ硣˷ܵ
Ȼǵ֮д˭Ը֮ðգ
ǰ󷨣Ǹһµĳ·
ʼְɣƿ󡣡һ峤ѾȲ˵
ҪҶǳ֣һ֣׾ٵغ俪
Ͼڲ󷨵ʱ򣬲ûкķѶҲţĵǣֻҪǰ׳գͲ󷨣ƽ޹һЩ鷳
Щǵľͷǣָ²
ֻǲûϵʱںƵ½ǿ߲òѰ·
¡¡
̶ıըһƬѤĹâ֮Уһռͨ˵

ħƴ½һ貽ɫ󷨹Ļڡ
ħƴ½Ĵ󳬼ƫһżֱѪ塢ҹᡢħᣬǳְΧƣ˷г·
ʱĵڲϵغŷĽɫػ󷨣ȴٳ޷ơ
ħƴ½˵ѾϰˣΪӷʼ󳬼ĵ㲻ʱغŷػ󷨣Ҫ乥ơ
κηػ󷨷ǳǿ󣬼İλһ֣ٳ޷ػ󷨡
Ҳˣߣֻܴڹڣҳһȴǵģ
ѪѪۡѪѪڶ֡
ڣһƲӣһȱķŴʦһڣңңػ
ģʦ˼ڣٶһĵҲ빥ػ󡣡һŵ˵
ǽбӵ˵ͷЦҵȻʵܹս½ܹħƴ½ֻѪںȴ޷ֹ
ٵȵȰɣʦѾԴЩͷˣһ˴磬ôֹѪˡһ˵
̾ǿֲڽ֮ٶȾͼ࣬ҪͻƵ磬֪Ҫ¡ȴǺܿʹﵽ˵۷壬񶼿ʼˡ
䣡
ͻȻһɹǿϢƾճħƴ½ⷽ硣
һͱɫһ䣬ɵ̤ϸ߿գԶ
˻ǵϢһɱѪѪ۶˿ҶİϢħƴ½ôһӵô֮ɫ
һɫȻⲻħƴ½ĵǴӱĴģİ֪Щǵѡ
ͬʱĵѾֹͣػˣȻħƴ½ıܵǼǿϢ


1219 
ħƴ½ϿգҶǳ񣬸Ĵ½һеܾ档
Ȼа磬ħȻŨħռ
Ҷǳ˵
ԶмǿϢϹǵģ֮¡
˻Ȼʮһλ𾪵
׳գ
һ䣬̧ͷ񷣬˵׼ȷ˵ʮλһλǿĵںңѾں߳ˣ˲ðû뵽Ҳǰǿߡ
ʲô
ôܣ
ɫһ䡣
ҶǳҲ
ȻҲں
⻹ǵùɣòҵһţû뵽Ҳгǿںô̬ôࣿ
ģ
һŵҶǳƲĻʱһֻں߳ҪȫںϣҲúķǧʱ䣬㹻С̤ˡ
ҶǳʱȻ򣬶԰ԼѾڵˣֻҪ꣬аճˡ
ʱ򣬾ǿںҲܹ뿪
λɫѿˣҪģܸҶǳһȼȥǿչ·Ҳҡ
뵽Ƿһ峤ʵѣ֪Ƿֹں
ƾǣһЦӦ˵ɡ
ָķ򣬺Ȼ˰˸ǿӰȫɢŵϢ
˸ܹŹ֣ȻΣһԺɫ򣬻һѪɫĳһƬ·ں˺ҹ֮Уޱء
Ȼǲ࣬Ҳ塣
Ҷǳɫضǰİλ
ǴģһһԺɫĵɫ׺ݵضҶǳʵ
ֱӲĿ⿴һѪɫˣȵ˼û뵽ǵлһǿߡ
ҲǿһѪɫصؿ񣬼˵ѪۣѪ֮ӣ֪صǿߣմ
Ա߼𾪵ؿǵȻ֪Ѫ۵ʵǰ˵ʵȻѪ۶ޣˡ
񣡡񵭵˵
ʱʿ˵λǶǵѵôںһɹˣǾʱɱˡ
Ļüĵ¶˳Цݡ
λѪ۵ǿȻ˵£˵λҵĸףҲѪʼ桪Ѫ档
ҵʦһһԺɫĵЦùǵ磬ʦɹںǾ߲ˡ
ʵɫ䣬û̸ˣǸںĵһģǻô̸
ǣǲںģ˫ֻܴһ
ѣǻлֹں𣿡һ峤ٴѯʵ
񵭵ЦŸոںֻ߳Ҫûгֹ߳ҪֹҪǰԴӦ֪ôȥǶԷа֣ǿûȥֹ
Ըæ𣿡һ峤ʵ͵񲻳֣ǶİλǿԿġ
û˵ǿԶѪۣЦŵɣҿЩ˵УǸںѪ⣬ֻʸҵĶˡ
µҪҵΪУѪܹܵǿɫ˵
񵭵ҵĿ̤ϻǿչ·Ƿںûһϵսҵ˵ΪҲΪ֮
Ǿû̸ˣɱѪ۵֣һѪɫâ
ұٶȣЦִ˭ٶȱȵ
Ѫ۵ʵҲǿһʱҲԻʤֻѹѪ۴ѡ
һǿֲ
һĵ𾪲ѣѪ۵ʵǷǳģȻ
λҲְɣ׻峤
һ峤¶⣬Цûҹǵĵˣν˵ĵ˱ѣԡ
ٺ٣ǣҲϣںʶʱ˷ܵ
λʱԶķȥ
ߣ
λʱȥסˡ
ʱ֮лʣһһԺɫĳһħ
СӣһʮսȻһȺվһҲò˵ɣ׼ԼɱҲ̵ɱ㡣
ħһ㶼ûҶǳĮسЦ


1220 
ӡ
ŶһſĶħҶǳһֱӼӡȫ߶չֳһ޴ӡŶԷȥ
ͬһ̫ħɽѹռ֧飬ֲк£ضڶ
ߣС
ħмһˣֱһȭӭȻ޷ӡ۾ɵúܴţȻ˵壿
ϲ㣬¶ˣϧûнҶǳЦ߶ӡѹħ
Сӣ̫ͷˣħŭһһԺɫ͵չһƬɫŨϯҶǳûˡ
ޱߵĺڰ֮УҶǳоа񹥻ɱԼ·һص֮У޷԰Ρ
Ҷǳ߶ķӡҲ˺ڰ֮Уڱޱߵаɡ
Сӣ˵ҲûãĵҵĶ֡
ٺ٣ã壬ɿܡ

ħЦӺڰ֮д
Ǻܿ죬;ֵĴ
ʽ
Ҷǳһȣ𳹵ױӳƬڰɢˡ
ͿƺڰаĹοǰһ𱬷ǼֱǺڰһǿǡ
Ȼ˰ôܣ
ħźˡ
۾Ӷɳˡ
𣬾ȻһգֱǰδС
ϾûзʽĴڣȻ½Ҷǳհ飬Ҳ𺳡
򣡡
Ҷǳϵش߶𣬼ֱһƬȵĻ𺣣ϯħƴ½Ͽա
ǰĶħûˣĵǣûޱߵĻ֮С
Ҷǳʲô
ʴŭû뵽ҶǳĶ˳֣ܿͷˣЩû˺Ķ֣
ף
ʶʱϲѡ
ȻڵССҲöаʵ࣬ʵ䣬ȻӦˡ
һ峤ЦҶСѸɵòǵĿǣһҲܵʧһս
СӣҲһɣڴʱһָǿ𣬴ϯȥ鲼ء
;׻
ȻֻҶǳҲӵУҶǳϾûгΪڻ棬Ȼ
һ˶һаս
Ҷǳ򣬶аһӱ㽵ս
Ҷǳһߣȴһ鶼ûˡ
ĽֱӾͰʤƽҶǳߣаѹŵ
ֻҶǳĶħܷѹҶǳϾҶǳǵԷʵҲǿ
ħӡ
ʽ
ҶǳһʩչʽһʩչħӡټϷŵʱƵöĶħϺˡ
ͷЩаĿǣʵ£κβҶǳֻԱ
ɶ񣡡
ħŭţʱΪһȻһʮսˡ
ʮսһڵһսֱǳ谡
¡¡
һעħƴ½ڣΪͷϿգʮλҲɱȼأħƴ½߾ֲ
ڷ֮ڣȴһƬ
սһվڷϿգϲɫ
ȺߺǴˡ
ʲôԭ˵һûᡣ
˵ĵˣѡ
ţûᣬʦոոҴϢȥȺߣѾԴ׼ֹѪں
ڿֹˡ

ԴȥֹѪںסĽɫػҲɢˣϾЩ꣬һ֧Ӵػ󷨡
ڱսһ㶼ĻˣΪЩڶѱˡ
һ㣬ȥǣķǿܴҾԷһ
ս˵
ţһ˵ͷ漴̤նȥܿ͸ϵս
һλİĵǰǶЩ衣
һæ˵λǿƶɮԣ֪ƶɮΪеģƶɮʦȥֹλѪںҵӦסǡ
һ˵꣬Ϊ֤Լ̶ҶǳĶħ֣ΪҲˣҶǳֻһʮս
ԭѾȥֹѪں𣿺ûᣬҼӰȥ¡ʼش
Ҳ
ҶǳʱЩȵؿǰԼλħɱĹͷУΪӴϸܵһϤ

Ҷǳ𾪵ǣͿͷʩչƣѾ֪Ż˶ٴεƣǳֲӽʮǿսˡ


1221 Ե
ƣȻƲ֪ǿ˶ٱ䱾Դƣ˰ƸƵĸǿˡ
ҶǳǰĹͷдչѹǸħ򣬲ɵһϲ
ôƣֻ𣬲ܰƷƵǿ
䣡
ҶǳʩչԼǳʼ汾ƺħ
Ȼ̫ˣҲûôǿķûеľ磬һƵֱӾͱħˡ
ʵϣҶǳҲûҪһشħֻҪչָߵͷп
ţ
ò˵Ҷǳȷͷһ
ƣԣԭʼƣһһ߹ǰĶħһߴҶǳЩȵʵǿߣôƣ
ҲҪģҶǳæҵСս½ҵս½һλŴʦģλʦйϵ𣿻˵𡣡
ӷ𣡡һ˵˵ǷԵ֣û뵽Ե֣ѣƶɮʦ𣬶ƶɮʦ˵һս½ĵطˣƶɮһλѽս񡭡
û˵꣬Ҷǳ㼤˵û뵽磬ʵ̫˼ˣ˵ıսҲ˵ս½ǧǰһλս񡣶ˣҽҶǳʴʦţҶҲλս񣬽սǳս񣬲֪Ƿڴˣ
ԭСǾǰĺһԣʱУҶǳĿ⣬ҲԽԽˣ˵ЩϧˣսǳսǼ֮ΪǿߣǺ̤˻ǿչ·
ԭˣǻλսأҶǳһЩս½˵еս˵ڿȷЩս񣬻ӦþǴս½׳Ŀռͨġ
һһ߹ǰĶħһ߼ҶǳЩսħƴ½顣
꣬ս½ս񣬶׳Ŀռͨħƴ½
һʼʱս½սʵҹѲڣһħƴ½ͱȥūˣ֮ӹĺܲңе̵ɱ
һҶǳ⣬ϾȺսȻս½޵Уߵʱ򣬶һսҲǶսħƴ½Ĵ磬϶ǵ׵Ĵڡ
ħƴ½ϵ˺µ˵Ļ֣ϵ˱ħƴ½ԭǱˣʵǿǿȻ߸ϡ
µˣǴս½սǵĺһЩСˣЩߣµˡ
ħƴ½µ˼ǱϵūۣӺң޷֤
Ͼħƴ½һаĴ磬½뻹ɵĴڡ
ӣһֱ
ò˵ȷһž޵ˣս½ʱѾսħƴ½֮󣬺ܿʹﵽս
֮ʵĺܿ죬һֱͻƵ˵磬µ˿˷һµһȵء
ڴڼ䣬սǳսս½սǸս·Ļҵ
УеսˣеĽں̤˻ǿչ·ȥ߲εĻ½ˡ
Ϊػһֱˡ
񣬷֮󣬱ֻһ㻹бսڡ
ǲ˼鰡
Ҷǳ֮󣬷ǳп
Ȼûоӣ֪аĴ磬ҪһĹʥأҪٿµĥѣ
Ҫ֪аĴоλаĵЩĶ֣֪ЩԵǶôӴѹ
治𣬵ս½ָħƴ½ϣҶǳԵؾ
һҲһľʦҵָ
óĿеĵλܸߣԽһС
һʦһħӡ㣬ϸ򡣡ȻҶǳƺʲôɵ۾һæħӡĹһ㡣
һһʼû⣬ϾΪҶǳһʮսܹڸԼʲôľѧǵħӡ֮󣬶ʱˡ
ҶǳЦ˵ǸһλŴܴģרѹЩħаķžУʺϴʦǿʹˡ
λŴܿ²ˡһ㾪̾漴ϲɫزħӡľ磬ټǷţƬ֮䣬ħӡ
䣡
һħӡֱ֮ǰĶħУһΣͰѶԷѪɡ
µǣħӡγһŷţħѹ
ʲôħַŭ
ҪĶҶǳʽһһɱħ
㲡Ҫ


1222 벽
ħҶǳ˫˫֮£ͱսټһħӡ͸ӲǶˡ
οһʵҶǳԱ߼лħܿͱˡ
ȻӲޱȣЩħͱƣħӡǿеĿǡ
ԣ֪ħȫǵĶ֣һ㳹ѹסˡ
ȥħˡ
ѪۣѪҡħʼˡ
ʵаû취Ƕָѹˡ
񣬻ȫѹǣѱй
ߣ
ؼʱ̣һߴ硣
ڳĵһһ𾪵ĵɴ۾
һ̣һƬѪɫ磬סħƴ½Ͽա
ҶǳƬѪɫǰԵòһ׸ˡ
Ѫɫ֮УЩаĵʱָʵһʵ
෴ҶǳѪɫ֮Уһʵɡ
أ
ۣ
ʵһ㱻ĶħɳȥҶǳǱѪɡ
ʵЩаܣҶǳǱʵǾ͸ǲһˡ
ô£Ѫɫֲ̫ˣҶǳ𾪵ʵͲһӱѹɣǻƨ
ҿԱһڣȻ׼·ˡ
ʱҲ𾪲ѡ
һȴ¶ЦݵѪѪɫ򣬿ʦѾֹѪںȻѪǲֵġ
Ȼһ̣һɫɨסҶǳǵѪɫˣѪɫԳš
ħƴ½ǣؿõڲ֮ϣһƬɫһƬѪɫ򣬸ռ˰գԳ֡
Ѫɫ֮УһλѪ쳤۵ӣ֪ʲôʱ˵
վһаǰ棬ЩаĿⶼ˾ηͳݡ
Ѫ档
ҶǳߣһͨͨĹͷУŰɫɮۣϥ֮У˫ֺʮա
𣿿ƽ
Ҷǳе֡
жôΰǰȴԵúƽ͸ͨڵĺһ
ߵһ㣬ҪƷŴܡ
ϵǹɳȻϢȴҶǳòţǰͨͨĺУս½պ
Сӣ˺ǿҹѾﵽ˰벽ľ硣֪ʲôʱҶǳߣ˵
Ҷǳһ벽ľ硣
֪ǳҲֻǴﵽС۷ѡ
벽ѾԽˡ
Ҳֻдﵽ磬ں
ʮŬһΪˮͺ¿ҷģɱ㣬صĲݡ
ͻȻһΪ񶾵ĻѪ³
ΧƱɫޱߵѪ˷ֹµѪɫ򣬲ϵسײŽɫ
ϥ֮У߶ɫƾѪѪɫΡ벻
ͺ¿ҲҪɱ㣬һҪͽͽɱ顣ѪŭĴ
֪ԼʵֻܸƽѪɲϵصѪɫţйеŭ
ڳ˶ܹܵķŭ
ʮŬͲһ㣬Ҫɹˡһֻ˵ҲѹôŭûǵĵĿԳɹΪڶ
ҶǳЦ˵˵ɡ
ȻѪĿɨҶǳǡ
Ⱥߣǣͺ¿Ҳлֹں
Ѫ濴ҶǳǵĿ⣬˷ڵɱ
ҶǳĵǣȻ
֪һκѪˡ
Ͼֹں̫ˡ
˵ǳҲࡣ
ûѡǱôȴǵģգ
ӷ𣡡
ڿˣؿŶѪ棺Ѫ棬к֮£һħɱ飬ȴǶϾһ˿ᣬʧܵ
ȥãħƴ½ʱѾں޷ڳȻ㣬ɳһѪŭ
ʮŬΪˮ˵ƢͲãٺõƢ˿Ҳˡ
¡¡
ѪɫĲϳ̩ͬɽһΡ벻˵ʵ֣˭Ҳκβ˭ʹ˰ְɡ
˵֣ƫ֡Ѫŭţ﷢й
𵭵˵ϻǿչ·Ҫˣҵʵȫȥһ½αڴ˵ء
ͺ¿ֹںҽ֮Ȼȥǿչ·Ѫŭ
ӷµѪֺαعڻ̾Ϣ
ҶǳЦѪҪˣʵѪķˣϵغŽɫԿ
Ȼֽ˭Ҳκβ˭˴ֻܸɵۿš


1223 Ǩ
ħƴ½ϿգѪٿѪɫ򣬺Ľɫ򲻶ϵضԺšȻ֪κβ𣬶Ը֣ڷйеŭ
ڳĵҲܹ⣬ϾʮıһΪˮ˭ġ
һﻹѪɫһ˵ʵҪһ룬ʵֲ̫ˡ
ҶǳŶѪ棬һļ¡
û𿹺Ѫ棬ߵ˼ƶҪѪ򣬸Ƕ֡
֮⣬ӶӲ
벽ʵҶǳܵ˾޴ѹ
ȻҪħƴ½簲ٺọ̀üʵóΪС
Ͼ𲻿ܱһӡ
벽˿ֲĴǾ͸ֲˡԱ̾аڰ벽ǰߣȴûմӴߣСӣϽ磬ִǿչ·ļʡ
ǰҲҶǳһЦ
ʱ򣬶ѪڰˣƺѾйŭ𣬻Ѿ侲ˡ
Ͼʵ֣˭Ҳκβ˭
ңߵĵҲ࣬͸޷ֳʤˡ
ͺ¿㣬ǵˣеʱ㡣
ѪһЩа뿪ˡ
һƬѪɫԶȥĿ꾹Ȼͨ½Ŀռͨ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴û¡
ҪŸϹȥħƴ½½ϣһ类Щħͷռݡ
ǰ⣬ǺܿͻˡҶǳæֹЦ˵
СǣҶǳĿЩȣϸܵƵϢһԭʼ汾ġ
ǰս½ҵõƵĴСˣǳսҵȡҶǳЦ˵
ԭˣȻ򣬼̶̾СһǳѺ;ĵѣѾǧǰȥǿչ·ˡ
ϣܹɹִ½Ҷǳ˵ͷ
΢ЦʵҿСᣬӦòһǧ֪꣬ս½ʲôӣ
һжãĿɮһҲáҶǳЦ˵
ʱ
ѪԦԼѪɫ򣬴ռͨѸٳˣЩܻŭȺ쵰ԭԼ类ں£һȺô˶޷ֹ𣿡
ҶǳЦ½ѹƵ̫ˣֱҪɹʱ򣬲΢иһ£ǽ
ʱѾںﵽųˣѾ޷ֹˡ
ò˵λѪ滹ѷһ
ȻҲйء
½Ҳûںˡ
ֻ˵Ѫ̫ùˣһž޵
ôСѣǸҲںѪĻɵþȵ
ҶǳЦǰѾں༸ʮܳƿˣѾ޷ֹˡҲû취Ųòҵ磬ϣԴµ綨ӡ
ɫȻûطȥǷһԿѪ棬Ҳаա
лѣ
λԣɵæл
ǷǳûԿѪ棬ǼҲᱻѪġ
£λҶǳǣ׷׻ع½
ûг֮ǰµӴħƴ½
Ѫһ࿴ȻҪֹκѪҲûá
úȺв̣һŵȵȴɣ׷װǨ˷ˡ
½Ĵɣʮսϵǿߣͨռͨ󲿶ӹˡ
ôһȻװ£ֻˡ
ĽѪдˡ
аҲҶǳɱ
˫йһ֮󣬻ǵð֡
Ϊ˭Ҳκβ˭
ȥƽ֡
գѪֻĬ˷䡣
ֵһǣħڡáЩҶǳΪеɣڽħƴ½֮󣬾Ѫһ
ѪܵһвҲЩСܡ
Ϸħƴ½һֶԳֵơ

ҶСѣλǱս񡣡
һӵĹڣҶǳܱս
Ҷǳǰıսи̾ѣλһս½˵еû뵽Եü
ҶСѣû뵽ҶҼ̾ĺǳֳ֮λս񣬵ʢ
սЦ˵ս½϶ҶҶ£԰ɣ
Ҷǳ֪սǵԼĺɵЦ˵ǰǺҲһʢˣҵĺҲˣĵϵ
˵գҶǳֱӴһĺ˹


1224 ٽ
ǰǺӣǺʥӣǵǺëһ½ġ
ֻûҶǳúöѣ¥õҶǳİ˫˫ս񾳽硣
ΰǨҲҶǳһˣϾЩˣҶǳȻ½ðա
֣ҶôͻȻǣ
յҶǳĴͺһɹˡ
Щ档
ϾҶǳĲ̫ˣûʲôĻѾܹҶǳˡ
ȻҲΪҶǳ̫æˣʵûʱǽ
ʲôȼҶ֣Ȼ˵𺣷磬ɺܳȡ
½һɺִƣǼ
Ҳܷ
ֻǴʱ֪Լڱս硣
Ҷ֣
Ҷ֣
ϾͿҶǳɵ÷׷״к
ڴʱǵıսתˡ
ˡ
Ϥݣͺ綼סˡ
սȻǵڣǳʱ򣬱սѾ뿪ս½
ǣ񱱺սڣȻе񡢻ҵĵϵӵܣȻԱսòеİ
ϡϡ
練Ӧˣ˰춼ûнг
ʵ̫ˡ
ʧ˼ǧڣȻǰ˭𾪵ġ
οսĿеǰݵĶ
ʲôϣ
һԣǷҶǳɵЦǽ£λǰǿ϶λһʦĵӣλǵڣѾϳˣǱս񡣡

ս
ͺһξˡ
Ѿˣһʧһ𣬼ֱ̫ˡ
СһŵãҲǰǴкЦҡҡͷҶǳĶЩ
սʱЩǰĺͺ磬Цݵʵǽʲô֣
ҪϣΪ˵ڣѾͨѪ֮ϵ˾ĵϵ
ڣҡҽк硣
ڡ
ͺæ
ڰڣǵˣҪ¹
ǰս½ʱÿ궼ҪݱսڵãֱӼˡ
ˣض񡣡
սæǣ¼ҹô꣬ѵüϵرĸˡ
һ㣬ҶСѣЩġսҶǳǴкȲشźֵ뿪ˡ
Ҷǳܹ飬Ŀȥ
漴Ҷǳ̵ǰħƴ½ô֪꣬Ƿ֪Ϣ
һ㶼Ҷǳʩչ򣬶ְ˴𾪵ǣȻҲҶǳҪõһֹ
Сʧˣûħƴ½ֹĴڡҡͷ̾
ܹܵҶǳǿǱҶǳܹôԸѪƽһսˡ
οҶǳҲս½һԵȻϣҶǳǿ
ް
ҶǳЦһ£漴ҡͷѾûʲôΣħƴ½ҲǰסѪ棬ȫʱԼ硣
΢ЦСҲ̫ʧҿóСд֮ˣܿͻ㡣
ǾͽǰˣҶǳЦ˵ûе棬Ͼô׻á
Ҷǳụ̂ûв˽йصǰ벽ľ磬ϸ˵
һ̣ʵҶǳǳоԼ۽綼ˣһࡣ
صһҶǳϥڽ±չأָ㡣
ͬʱҲʽڷʼɳǳأʼڵĴССϵ
Щ½Ҳ׷׿ʼ硣
һЩ½ľͷǣ׷׿ʼݵ磬Գ硣
Ͼ磬ǿ԰ȫسˣҲõĻᱻʥĵɱˡ

ʱƶת۱ʮꡣ
ڵڣѾȥǧꡣ
£Ҷǳ۾һ˫ڵӣ͸⡣
ԭˣǴԪһռ
Ҷǳˡ
õָټϵڵǧ͸˴Ԫһ
¡¡
Ҷǳһ̤磬һϿ׹һɿֲĽֶ£˵궼ս
٣˾
ëΪѩһ˳
ǿµҶǳɵõɴ۾һϲ֮ɫ
Ҫˡ
ҶСͻˡ
Ҿ˵ûйҲܹԼ̤硣
ǲҪһˡ

̵˷ܲѡ


1225 
һϿյ٣ħƴ½ķڣһǿĴڣĿͶ˴˵أһǿнš
Ҷǳˣ½ǿߣħƴ½ǿߣеİ
½Ҷǳʹ֮޵֡
ħƴ½Ҷǳܹħ
һţûгΪ֮ǰǰǿһΪжǿ
˶к档
ȻҲһЩĻ֮ϣҶǳ˵ҶǳΪУѾͶаǱߵħȵȡ
ЩаҲ뿴ҶǳϾҶǳǵĿ̫ǿˣһҶǳΪ˵ǶǵĿ͸ֲˡ
һ崦ڷڷЩаǼٲ뿴Ҷǳֻţ޷ֹ
Щǣʲô뷨ֻҪڷ죬ҵȻҲֻܸɵۿš
ڵȵһˣûʧ
ŵһķ򣬲ɵ¶Цݡ
ǿչ·ǳΣգϣҶǳܹһҶǳʸˡ
ҶҵǾžޣ˵ǧ̤˵磬ֲ̫ˡս̾
Ӻͺ֪ҶǳһЩԶ츳Ҳͷǳ˽⡣
ս½˽ܵ飬Ǻǡ΢ЦԼĺ󱲳ɳеο
Ҷû֮ǰܿһ¾ֱǵ۷壬֮ѪѪ˿һ˵
аǱߣѪΪףʣµĵ֮УǿıѪĶѪۣҲǵ۷塣
Ȼһ񣬱ѪǿһЩǵĹϵôãɲΪս
ҶǳһͬһģԼˡ
ҶӵаһΪֱЩаѪҲĶ֡ս˵
һ㶼˵ͷ
Ҳǵ۷徳磬ȴѪԭյѪۡ
ɴ˿ɼհҶǳǶаĿ͸ӿֲˡ
ϧҲ𣬷һŴһ治֪ᷢʲô仯
̾ǹǿһаĿǣҶаѹѪ档
ĵ̫漣ˣֻܿԵ֡սҡͷ
ڴʱһﴫĺ
¡¡
Ҷǳˡ
ٷǳֲһһ׵Ƭ硣
ȻⲢûʲôá
ҶǳѾ˵壬ǿҪֵɵסЩ١
˵ףٶĥ¾ͷģ˵壬ʵˡսҡҡͷ
ٶҶǳûʲôЧ
ҶǳɾͳŹȥˡ
ЩйעǿߣһĿɿڴֱ˹
λǿǱٸˣûҪʥ׷ɱ
ڿ˼ңھͶɹ٣̤˵硣
붼òģĽʺް
̫ˣ
Ҷǳ˫֣ԡٵϴź
ٵĥ壬û뵽ô
뷨Ǳ˵֪»
ЩͷٵôֲڵԼǷԶȹ١
ã̫ˡ
ڴﵽ˵ˣȻûʲô仯ҵľѾԽս񡣡
ҶǳĸԼ˿̵ľ硣
һֵıԼĴԪһѾױˣǰĿռôϤô·Ϊһˡ
Ԫһһգô˲Ƶľ룬ԼٶȣǼġ
ٶϣҶǳνǳԽǿĵ
ңԪһռںҲǳǿ
ռǿԪһٶȣٶȼӸ棬Ȼù
ҶǳоԼڵĹ֮ǰǿ˽ٱѾԶԶˣҪһ㡣
Ͼͬǵ۷徳磬ǿߵĹǿ󣬺οҶǳĴڡ
ǿĸо
վ˴۷塣
Ѫ桢İ벽Ҳ޾壬κβҡ

Ҷǳипʱ˿̣ܵԼǰδеǿ
߳ɾսվս½۷塣
վ˴۷塣
һ磬ϾҪȥ½ҾˣҡҶǳԺиһϤٻӰ
磬Ŀꡣ
Ȼ֪½ʲôϵٿȷ֮ϵ


1226 
䣡
һǿϢȻħƴ½
˶һ
ΪڹעҶǳȷⲻҶǳϢǴ½ռͨﴫġ
Ҷǳ˿ѾԼϢˣϾѾصһˣͷųϢȻΪǣ˶ҪϢȼ̫ˡ
ţ
Ҷǳ̧ͷͨ½ĿռͨﴫǿϢȻҲӦˣһЩϤ
Ȼٸģȥ
ҶǳëǴкʱϸ߿ա
ʱǶѾϹȥˡ
Ϣǿǵ۷塣ҶǳܵϢǿԷǳ𾪡
½ôỹһ۷壿
½ǱʮǾͷû˲ŶԣҪ˵ĻҲֻλں
ԷǴǵ۷塣
οĴ޷ħƴ½ġ
ħƴ½ǲĴ
СӣеְǱ߾Ȼһ۷塣Ҳɹˣüͷ
ҶǳҡͷҲ֪ϢеϤ
ϤϢа񰡣ЩаЩơһ㶣漴˵
а񡭡Ҷǳͫһѵôܣ
ʱѾλǿߡ
ҶǳǸ˵ģ֮󣬲ɵôһ٣
ǰλǿߣȻǵʥĵ٣ӵжĳš
ʥ˵ʱ򣬰ܸ˼塣
ҩ԰֮ҶǳҲûпˡ
ΪѾɱˣû뵽ûһѶ尾˴ɾ磬˵һԾ˵۷Ĵڡ

ôܣ

ʱλҲϳ٣ɵ÷׷׾
Ѫ治ʶ٣ܹܵŨаϢɵЦݵλѣһ·ģȥһͬ۵Σ
ɫһ䣬߸ոҶǳ۷壬ѪҪˣȻǸܵѹ
벽
ٿѪһۣĿ΢΢һ
Ѫǿһ۾ܿˡ
ٲûдӦҶǳǰЩ˵УҲֻҶǳϤҵǱ˴˶𾴵Ķ֡
Ҷǳû뵽Ҳ̤˵硣ҲǵˣȻҶǳľ硣
ҶǳЦ㲻ҲǣǺǣˣ½Ǳʲô
ɫصԲ塢ǶˣѪ½ȫһûҲΪںڰԨչأһأűסһ
ʲô
Ҷǳɫһ䡣
ɫҲÿ
Ѫ½öô񰡡
ңԲǾȻţôܣ
ǺǣѪ½Ǳߵĵѻʵǿһ֡ѪһĽ֮ɫ
ҶǳƳһۣƵɹˣһﲻҲҪѪħƴ½ɡ
ЩħǷҿֹ
䣡䣡䣡
ڴʱǿϢͻȻ½ǱߵĿռͨ
һԲ桢˱˵
ͬʱǿϢħƴ½
벽ѪۿԲˡ
ҶǳҲ𾪲ѡ
ΪԲ˶ǰ벽
Բ桢˵ϢȫѪ֮£Ǿǰ벽ǿϢ
Ѿ˿ܣӦǷ˵
ȻԲ桢˼ͬʱڣ˵Ļһģһģ񣬺þò˯ô꣬һˡ
ҶǳԲ˷ǳ˽⣬˿еȴеİ
ʣ
ţѾ˷
ò˵һ
飬ʲôѾɾ˴ǲܽġߵ
ΧһߣЦǺǵ绹ְǸĵˣλ벽
Ҷǳһ䣬ҪѾֹ˽½Ǳߵĵֻ߸ࡣ
λѣ֪кιɣʵ
Ѫ˫Ŀ˵ѣҶǷǳ壬ףΣ
ףѪ棬ЦҪʲôף
Ѫæ˵ںһս½ұ֤ΪסǲģǿԽΪֵܡ
Ҷǳԣʱɫһ䡣
ǰ벽һѪ߸Ƕ֡


1227 Σ
Ѫ棬׳գ鵽Ѫ½Ϊں㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ҶǳѪŭȵ
һѪ֣߸޷⡣
Сӣ˵ĵҲе
ѪԣɵÿЦ˵ҸԷİɣڻǿչ·ںײɣ
ǿչ·ôΣգǿϣõѡ
ðҷġ
ľͷء
һġ
ֻǷģɲӰ졣
ȻѪҲֻҪģϾ޷ġ
ֻҪ԰ں𷴻ڶûá
ɣ
ѪЦݣҲŷġ
һаʱЦ
벽ķټѪ棬Ǳĸ벽
ǱߣֻһôǶӮˡ
쵰
Ҷǳɫ䣬а
ӷ𣡡
ҲɫޱأȫɣһƬҵĽɫʱƵħƴ½Ͽա
ӴĽɫ֮УҶǳ˶еůģȻûж˵ľ״̬ȴﵽ۷塣
ͺ¿ƾһ˿ɲѪЦɱͬʱԲҲһɱ
λ벽ֹ֮£ȻԱȴûٻסҶǳˡ
һߣҲһҶǳˡ
ЩаĵҲɱ˹
٣վıߣ
Ҷǳٺȵ
Ц⻹˵ȻǶ֣ҿɲҲںϡ
˵꣬ѪۣΪóѪҲǵ۷Ĵڡ
ļһǵסЩаٶбսһ˵
ǵʵԵסЩаˣռϷ硣
㹶Ӳдô꣬ýһˡһն񣬺ƴƥĽâնг룬ʱƬشŰţһƬ񱩡
벽ǿƣɫһ䣬һߵֵżĹһ߶ҶǳСӣǵס
ȵһҶǳæ˵ʱҪˣǾͲˡ
򣡡
Ҷǳ𣬰ӳȥסħƴ½ϿգֻѪ桢Ǳߵ̫ǿˣ޷⡣
ǰ棬м塢ԲˣȻʵﵽ˰벽磬վֻǷԲû
Ҷǳ֮£ͼʵɣõ˴Ĺ
ǰ򣬶ܽʵɣõһֹ𣬿¶ܽʵɡ̾
ͬʱҲͷųԼ򣬷𣬿ԺҶǳǿ
ôһͼʵͱĳˡ
ǣ벽ǱĳʵսԶҶǳ񣬼ѹǴ
ӡ
ʽ
Ҷǳ𣬲ϵشԼľУʱѾﵽ˵磬һǵ۷壬ÿһжܴʮǿսǿ
Ҷǳãֵסι֮£ӶӲ
ȻȴһͽĹȫˡ
Ե
䣬˶һ񵶣ɱҶǳˡ
򶼲㱻һпˡ
Сһû뵽½ܹţԸΪʦұһ
濪˵
Ȼ˵
ߣҶǳһֱ÷ӡ˹ȥΪʦЩͽͽԶʱͱɱˣһһء
ΪҵѾɣͲҪǰˡ浭˵
Ź֣ҶǳһӶȻһƬգƬشĴԪںϡ
䣡
һ̣Ҷǳ֣һռ档
Ľϧʵվǲһ浭˵ûʩչʲôѤֶΣֻһаԵƿһУҶǳնѪɡ
ȫǶ֣
ҶǳԼؿ϶¶ɭȻ׹ǣɫɵһʵĳɣѹ
Ȼʱܹǿ֧ţʱˣҪ
Ȼߣ˴Ԫһȫڰ벽ﱣ
ߣȻҲԡ
ҶǳǷ
ֻȼˡҶǳҧһȵĻϯֲӿȡ
ǿϢֱ档


1228 
Ҷǳȼ֮㱩һأ򣬶ȼ֮ǿʹͼʵɡ
һһסĹҲֻǿס޷档
ȥǰ취
Ҷǳɫء
⵲סҲûðȼҲ޷־ãʱϳˣɻᱻԭΡ
οǱߵ״Ҳǿ˶١
Ѿں½Ϊʲôȥǿչ·Ҷǳȵ
֪½ǱѾͨ˻ǿչ·ʱ뿪
Ȼ뿪ˣһ˿־ɻƿ½ɿԾ½ˡ
Ȼ½Ѿûлŵˡ
һ죬ɣŸ̤½
ǺǣҺϲҪҵķЦ˵Լ⡣
Ҷǳһԭ壬ΪܹɰԵʡ
壬ֹҶǳҲǾһǿɡ
һɷôܻܿﵽ磬δչһںϾŴǱޡ
ҲѹѪˣûѪҪֻҶǳ
֮ǰ˵ҪΪͽһȻ顣
Ҷǳ񹥻档
Сӣٲ취ҾͼֲסˣұҪˡҶǳ
ǰټһ¡Ҷǳһæ
Ҫܵˣɱһͻܡ
ߣСӣ̫ʴˣȻ㲻취ҾͰһѡ˵ֳ꣬һŷ̽ȥ
ҶǳüͷæʵǰҪʲô
ܸʲôֻܰȡù𣬷˭Ц
ҶǳʱһµĿģɵôȵǰס֡
æҲֳһǰ

̡ܷ
½ܷҲǨ˹ҲǷһԷĻǳʺǣǱɸ˷
ʱ޷̵һڣһ
ҲӦеļҴսĬĬš
ৣ
ͻȻһӰ۳
СУе
һϳλǿеֵסһλǿĵˣǰ
Ҫˣ֪ǹ壬ѾͷֻĹܰǵֵЩˣȻħƴ½鶼Ҫ
Ļһɫһ䡣
ǰҪǿҶǳĹӰԱ۳ֹ
ȻҶǳù𣬵ñ˵ȥȡο˻𾴵ķŴʦ
Ϊ壬һĵƷʾԲҶǳġ
Сӣ̫ظˡ
ҡҡͷһ˵ҸһϢλѾѪ½½Ǳߵ飬Ѿȫɱˡڣλħƴ½һӮˣħƴ½ʲôֻСĹ𣬲ܰӮⳡս
Ҷǳæһ˵㲻ҪģһҲ޷֤ܹӮ
һϣ˵
ӷ𣡡
һվɫȻ˵Ϲŵزŵزط˵ĺãҲ˭
漴ҶǳҶǰһҪӮ
˵꣬֡
һͣ¡ҶǳŴ𣬵ֻһ޷ֹһ
˵ܶԵ
Ҷǳŭܲģò̽۷ǿڣȻҪһԼȫ
ǰһȫ¶ԡڽ׵Ļ֮Уһͬʥһ׵Ļ滨֣ɢʥĻ档
ǹ𣬾ŴأҲǿһ𡣡鲻Խ
һҶǳҧȭͷյýģʵǿһЩǴͲҪһԼˡ
ҶǰһжˡһҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴ɢΪϣΪʥİɫ档
һŨĹ֮ϯ
ڵɹԡ֮£ܵһϣÿ˵嶼ůģ鲻Խسһķȥ
ҷȱ
ĹӰԱ¶ƣһŽɫӴӹз˳ġ
Ҷǳ΢Цģյֻط򣬵ºҾȥֻأΪ壬һȻһ財
л𣡡Ҷǳһϲ
ԱߴߴٵϽɹɣ


1229 
䣡
ħƴ½ϿգҶǳڰ棬ŷȥ
һ㶣ƺû뵽ҶǳȻѡܣܿ׷ȥ
ͣ
һΪסˡ
Ϊ˫ҲֳܹݣҶǵ۷塣ȻֻѰĵ۷壬Ȳߺһ
ʱѾȼǿסͼ壬״ֲ̬˼ӡ
Ȼ⼸Ѿ㹻ˡ
һӶҶǳıѾϵ˷ȡ˹
ҶǳеĹĿޱȼᶨ
ݹһϣҲ˵ϣħƴ½Ĺ
һұ֤ػħƴ½ٱݻ١
Ҷǳһ漴ʼɹ
Ѿﵽ˵ΣɹٶҲֻ࣬һӲͳ˹
׵Ļ棬ʥĹ֮ʱҶǳڡ
Ҷǳ壬˲ŷҵİ׹⣬һʥʹһֻȱֻ
һ̣Ҷǳͷ˰ɫԡڽ׵Ĺ֮У˶ڱǿ
ӵ۷壬ˮһ㣬ͻư벽Ρ
ȻҶǳ֮УϾǰʱֻҪÿһ֣һεΪҲȻ
ҶǳעڵѾһãڷ֪仯
ԭǰҶǳɺȻûб˴ͻںһ𣬵վԷ಻ֻͬǿ
ʱڹĸ֮£ڳںˡǲٷΪ˴ˣɫʼںϡ
ɫİɫں϶ı䡣
գΪһ壬һֻɫĻ档
𣡡
ڤڤ֮еһֻɫĻ֮и֣Ҷǳ׽ˡ
˲䣬Ҷǳˡ
һΪ˸ߵȼҲǿĻ桪
лڣĻ棬Ļ棬Ǵӻ֮ġ
񣬾𷴱Դ˻

ҶǳȻҽ
ԭǻɹ󣬾Ϳʼ壬øǿ
ӵ壬Ϊ벽壬ǽΪĴ塣
Ҷǳʵʱһء
ͬǰ벽ҶǳڸоԼѾԽǣϾȱİ벽ǿһ㡣
ͬȼİ벽嶼ƣҲ޷˺
ʰһˡ
Ҷǳ̤ն𣬳սȥ
һ̣оԼޱȵǿ󣬿Ժɨһеˡ
СӣҵסˣΪһ壬ȻϾˡ
һ֣һȼѾ쵽ˡ
Ұɣ
ҶǳһЦӭͼ塣
ƺòһˣţԣȻﵽ˰벽磬żӶѡɴ۾
أ
ӭҶǳȭͷ
ռȭҶǳһȭȥµռУѹƬգռ䶼ڱը
ͼһɱҶǳȴҶǳһȭɳȥҵѪ硣
ôܣ
ԶѪ濴һĻɵõһ
Сôôǿ
壬Ȼ˴еĴ塣ɫ͸֮ɫ
һжýˣҶǳĮ˵֪ƾԼڵʵȻԻȴ޷ɱǡ
ԣҶǳͷųԼĻ
򣡡
Ҷǳȵ
ǿˣǻɫĻ棬ɢſֲĲڳÿ˶ܵ˿־Σ
ʲô棿Ѫ澪ֵоԼڲֻǿһ۶ѣ֪ԼԵסֻ档
̫ˡҲһļ£ҲоԼסֻ档
ؼµĻ棬лڡ𣡡ЦǴ֮еģȻʶ
ɫһ䣬𾪵ղѾ˹𣡡
û𾻻аɣҶǳ߶סħƴ½ϿգĽɫ򣬻ѪѪɫ򣬶ס
ѪҽУоԼʵڼ½̶Ƭ֮䣬ʵ½˾ųˡ
Ȼеļ£ûʵû½
ųɣ
Ҳˣ𾪵ôܣҵʵȻ˾ųɣ
Χĵԣȫһ
벽ʵ˾ųɣǿ»ᱻֱɱ
ʵϣЩеаǣѾڲҽˡ
Ѫֵ۷ǿߣ¶˾֮ɫ


1230 ɨ
Ѫң
Ѫ

һаڲҽС
ӣӲҶǳڻ£ǵĵס
ҪǣаĿǡ
ûа벽ʵҶǳ֮Уûмֶã㱻ˣһëû
Ѫ۵ǿסˣӵѪߣѪ滤סˡ
ǣĳֹ£Ѫ汻ĺܲңѪ۸Ǳֱնɱ
ҲҶǳȫѹơ
ͲҶǳĶ֣˵ѹ˾ųʵˣӶӲҶǳһһնɱ
СӣС㣬û뵽Ȼı㼯˾Ŵ𣬻˻𡣡
ɫѿ
µѾûа취ˡ
Сӣһڻǿչ·֮е㡣˵һ仰㱻Ҷǳɱˡ
桢Բ壬ţҲڻ֮лΪ˻ҽ
Ҷǳ̾ϢҲ˵һֽѡ
Ѫ棬ֵˡ
ҶǳѪ档
ѾȫѹƵѪ棬ֻǿԱҶǳʱŵôеҶ㲻ҪɱңҿԱ֤ԲںֻҪǿչ·һ֣뿪硣
ˣ
ҶǳЦֱһɱµռѪĵնѣޱߵĻ漴ͽѪûˡ

Ѫҽж
Զ״ŵɫҰףڷǳԼվҶǳһߵģҲʲô³
Уһ峤ЩˣëڣԼҶǳڿԱסһˡ
£һ峤Цݵش˹ȥҶǳϲϲҶʵħƴ½ڰȫˣһжҶ
Աߵļһӣ⻰ȫƨˡ
ȻбӣҲ˹ȥһҶǳƨ
ʸǸ˵Լģ˽Ĳԡ
תȥħЩ˸ˣѵõбﶼ͵˵һ塣
ħڿҶǳչ󣬾ľû뵽ȻʳɱǣĿ
ЩͼսҶǳҲó֣ʴ֣òˡ
ʣûдζԿаҲվߵġ
ԣҶǳҲͲټƽǰĹˡ

ص˵һ壬Ҷǳë˴к벹̵磬ϴ̽ĵط
ʱ仹֪ʲôʱŻ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦУʱϼͱ貵İɫĻ
һ̣֣۾һɵǿϯ
⡭ǹ𣡡
俴ҶǳϲȻõ˹𡣡
ϲɹҶǳЦ˵
΢΢һЦ漴ϵЦݾˣΪǰҶǳѾΪ˵ҾԱԼ߶ˡ
ҡҵ׳˯˶ã
ĬƬ̣һЦʵ
Ҷǳ̤˵磬ҾߣѾȥܳʱˡ
ʱ䵹ûжã鷢ͦġҶǳ֪Ÿոʲô鶼֪°Ѵ½һһ˵һ顣
֮󣬶ˡ
ãŸ̾Ƕ㣬Ȼǲ̾ˣұǵѡ㵱
ҶǳЦ˵ȻѾˣô֮λ
ôУҡͷȻѾó˽֮λٻĵοڲߣͬ⣬Ҳͬġ
ҶǳҡͷȻǿչ·֣ҾҪȥǿչ·ⲹ̻ÿ֧š
ʱȻ򣬲漴ҡͷ֧ŵǿԣʵԴǿչ·֮λ㻹Ǵ˰ɣԺڵչˡ
ţҲãҶǳûټǿ
漴һ뿪硣
磬еĵˣ𡢱սһ㡢λˡ
УһѾΪħƴ½ˡ
ΪҶǳǿʵ
κ磬κεطʵΨһ
𶼲òϣڵҶǳѾͳħƴ½ʵ
ҶǳҪںǶû취ֹ
ҶǳԸҲںġ
ңҶǳ˺˵ĵһ仰ǣλѾԴ˻󷨽ƣԺŰ벽ʵҲû˿ںˣǸ˸һҲӵл𡣡
˻һ˶¶ɵЦݡ
λйâ˸漴֧ҶǳôԼں


1231 
Ҫںǰôﵽ벽磬λȻûʵԺ˵ˡ
ûеǲʱ䳤ˣҲۻ벽硣
ǸʱҶǳѾ뿪ħƴ½ˣ˭ֹǣ
һ򣬾һ
ԣҶǳǰ׼
лԴػţֻҪԷǺһ˻𣬾Ͳں
ǳ׾λеĹ˼
λλҲʶɣ
Ҷǳ漴˽ܹ䡣
ڹ䣬ȻʶǲܲʶûйҲҳ硣
˵ЩǷ˹һ顣
ϲ֣
ܹǿϲɺذ

Ƕص
ȻǸǿҶǳϡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴óһŻ𽻸䣬˵Ż֮ҵ־߶ش벽
ţҶǳ˼Ҷǳ뿪֮һ֧ŲЩѣŻͲһˡ
ϾҪɾͰ벽ѡ
Ż𣬹䶼һͬȾĵˡ
ûԱߵɫ
Ǵ˿Ķһ˹ҶǳһҪߣҲҪµƣڵвǡ
ң˭֪Ҷǳﻹ¶ٵơ
λ⣬ԺһҪǲ̣廹ǵ͵ˣǵ͵ޡ
ǶԴ˲⣬Ҷǳǲ̵ˣӦõġ
ԼҲºֻ֣ûҶǳôˡ
һ㣬սҲټϺҶǳĹϵô¡
бս񡢹һλټҶǳµĺ֣λԺʵܶࡣ

һ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
Ϊ֮⣬˶Ҫæˡ
ЩаˣǵĵȻ޷ˣʣµаߣڵǰһ
ȳռ̣ɱаߡ
ռݵĻǲ̣Ҷǳֱӽһ˵ѪϳѪ屾ħƴ½ǿǶ˲̵ĵˡ
Դˣ˲κ˭Ҷǳʵǿء
ûţķͲС㹻ĵͳˡ
һŵ½ɣҲʼռ̡
ȻֻܼһЩиʣҲ½ˡ
ħƴ½ԲΪȻķβ壬бսĺҡ
ұֵһᣬ˱սλ֮󣬾һԾϣΪħƴ½ǿļ壬˭ҲС
ⳡ̵սһ꣬һ֮ħƴ½ʵֳ׷˱仯
ԭͳħƴ½аߣɱľֻʣ´èСèֻڰУҲðͷˡ
¡¡
һ죬һ貵Ĺħƴ½ϣħƴ½ϡ
һ޴Ŀռ֪ͨͨ
ӿռͨ洫ħƴ½ǿʮ
ɴ˿ɼռͨжôŨ
ǻǿչ·
ڽˣ

ħƴ½ĵǣ׷۾¶Ȼɫ
ǿչ·Ľ٣ǵ֮С
Ҷǳ׼𣿡һ壬
ԵȣҶǳһ䡣
֮ëһҶǳǿչ·ĳ֣Ƕ֪ҶǳҪ뿪ˡ
գô˵رЩѹ֡
ǰЩֿѣҶǳҲЩᣬ뵽еǸٻӰòǰߡ
Ϊڸǰһڵ
Сӣϴ½һȥ½ԺҲ׷ġëЦ
ЦҲﵽʮս񾳽磬Ҫ˶ãҲܹ硣ʱһʱ䣬ﵽ벽磬Ǿͽһ𴳻ǿչ·ȥ½㡣
ԴҶǳЩа֮󣬵õ˲ǿĵͱЩ˵ʵʮս񾳽硣
Сȥ½Ҳãø̽̽·ʱ򣬵ǹȥͼˡëЦ
Ҷ磬أѩǿеˮ
˹Ҷǳӵһ£֪Լ츳ʵ£Ⱳӿ¶޷ΪǿΪ˵Ҳûȥǿչ·
һ𣬶˵¾
أ
ҶǳҲо۾һᡣ
뵽˵һ뿪Ĺصӣ뵽µ۹ǣʶӡ
ǧ֮飬һҲȴ


ʮľ ½


1232 ǳָʾ
Ѿﵽʮս񾳽٣нëǡ
еĵҲǣҶǳڵ嶼ȵǿ࣬ѾҪЩˡ
˫ֿտ·ǰǿչ·
ڰ·ϣƺ뵽ʲôתͨ½ռͨĵطû𽫴˵طӡ
һǰ벽ҲٸʲôֶΡ
ܻ̤ܿϻǿչ·һ
һУҶǳų׷ģǰǿչ·ǰǻϡ
Ҫǰ½ˣҿѾáǰĿռͨ˷ܺͼ
¶һ˿֮ɫ֪ġǳǼλڹΣ
ҶǳɫЩӣսǳսڣҪˣ붼ЩŹ֡
·ϲɣЩǣǿ󣬸Ӱ
ҡͷӦòɣħƴ½½ͨĿռͨʵϲ֪Զڼ䲻֪к˶ٸ磬ܹļʷǳСڻǿչ·ĺΣǲлǸʱ˵ǶѾΪ˴ѵ
ʵǶǵ;˵Ϊӹ񣬶δ˴ӻǿչ·ءҡҡͷ
ҶǳȻδ˷أΪ֪ǿչ·һͨ½أ
㶣漴ҡͷЦⶼǴ˲֪µĴԣԴͷʲô˿֪ںܾúܾǰӦ˷ذɡ
Ҷǳɫһ̶ǵҾ±˸ˣһͨ½أ
·ܱû·ҪãããգҪҵ½˶Ҳ˵
ٷϻˣȥɣѵµͷɣ˵գֱ߽ǰĿռͨ
һЦСôʲôȥɡ
ҶǳһۣҲ̤˿ռͨ
ңԶ壬λ峤ڸӦǵȥ˿
⼸һˡ
Ȼ˺֣ԱˣԺĵˡ
ǿչ·֪ʲôʱʸ̤롣

뵽
ëչ̽硣
Ҷǳ뿪гĶһ죬ҲҪ̤·
´ҴҶҶǳǳΪ˵֮һһ콾ʼֻǲ֪˭һʢ

ռͨһƬʣʮɫǽµͨɫˮΧľ͸һһ貵Ĵ硣
ʱȣ
Ҷǳһ֮̾ɫ
̫ˣΧľ֪ʲôʹɣҼӲޱȣԻ޷ݻ١
ԲۣҶС㲻ҪǿռͨһˣȫҪ񿴵Ҷǳû̽ڣɵŵɫҰס
ҲæֹҶǳ
̫ˣȻЩǿߴͨ϶ô׾ܴƵġҶǳЦ˵
һ򣬾һ
ǿ㣬ҿڡǰ溰
żӿ첽ȥ
úǿһ͸Źĳڡ
߳ڣһƬ޴ĻɳĮ˵ޱ޼ʣΧʱŰɳйһſ貵Ƕкüʮ̫䣬¶ߡ
Ҷǳ𺳵ǣЩǳһͷ״ָĳһ
òǰķɣ㶵˵
Ҷǳһ𺳣Ҳֱ̫ˣȻǳָ·
ʵ˵磬ǶѾԼڵĴ磬Ǿһſž޴ǳѡ
νС磬ΧŴ總Ƕѡ
޾ǿ֮Уһž͸ǰƬɳĮеһɰһš
һſŴǳһͷָˡ
־ֱʣǸеǳ𺳡
ǴҲû
߰ɣô޴ļͷҪ߶ܡ̾Ҳֱִʸˡ
һܵӵжôӴŪһſǳǿհȻڴ֮ϣླ磬ǵ֮·Ÿոտʼ
ҷ·𿴵һ貵Ĵ硣Ҳһ֮ɫ˵׷ߵо磬ΨһĿꡣ
Ҷǳȴ뵽Ҳ½˵Ļ硣
˸ϵǳͷǰ
ɳĮǶǵǰ벽ֻ
ֻǴ˵صĿռѹǳǿжһ̫Ŵɽѹһ
ȻΪ˷ֹǷɳǿչ·ֻǲ뿪
Լǰһʱ䣬˵һǶӦ˸֮дһǿϢ
Ȼͬǵˡ


1233 繷
ˡ˵
ҶǳЦ˵ǿɲһŶ磬ɲֹ࣬ǰ飬ҲвŶ
ѵСĵ㣬Էǵѻһ
ӷôĵ·ΪһҪɱ̾Ϣ
Цɱ˶ᱦʵǽɷֻҪܹǿս˭᲻ģϾ·ĺ󷽣֪ҪʲôĽѣʵߵĸȡ
˲Ҳˣɱ⡣Ҷǳ˵ǶˣҲʥĸ满
˼ǰУ֮ǸܵΧϢԽԽࡣ
ȻǼҪﵽһĿĵˣȻôˡ
оÿһĿռͨһɵ·֧ʱǰ·ɣ˵֧ϣǲŻԽԽˡ
ôڣӦôЦ˵ϲܹòˡ
̫ʴˣҶСڣҲ޾塣ҡҡͷ
ҶǳЦ˶ˣ˭Ըñ֮Խ˶࣬ԽǴ
֪ǰʲô˵
ǼǰΧֹǸܵһɹǿϢˣǳһһǿӰ
𣡡
о˻һֻ֪ʲôĺɫޣӴޱȣ¶ɢž޴ѹǴ˰벽硣
¡¡
ԶһЩĵطʮǿͬһľޱڶճǹ磬һʿ
𾪵̫󣬶ÿһﵽ˵磬찡ǵĴôô̫󣿡
˵Щ̫ˣϵʿǵ۷壬Ϊ׵һ˸ǰ벽硣ɫص
ҶǳҲһȻһλ벽ʮ۷壬ʮ̫ǶôӴ
һ羹Ȼôǿߣҿǵӣһģ͸ӿֲˡ
۹ʿҵ·ȫɱ⡣
Ϊ׵ʿȵֱǳŰ衣
Χ˶ɵǵʵ׷׶鷳
ȻҲвЩ۹ʿģ˵޴Ľɫϣɻƽɣ¶ǽӲӵģâɣһɫ̫
ҶǳϳǣΪǾǺպʮǿ޻ƽϡ
ңֻƽԶﵽ˰벽磬һʵɲ⣬ֱֲ
۹ʿߣǻƽһɲǡһͷƽЦ
Ϊ׵۹ʿ΢΢ƳһۣߵǵʥʿնɱϻʣǻҲôš
ͷƽϲмӦϻնɱʥʿ
ƣΪ׵۹ʿڶȥ
ǰնǡͷƽɱڵؿ۹ʿԶȥıӰ
Žǿչ·ɣԽԽǿ߳ˡ
Ҷǳо۽磬ֻǵ׵Ļɫֱū۵Ĵڡ۷Ҳ洦ɼǿ߻Щ벽
ңҶǳֺܶһȺչϵģͱ˵Ǽʮ۹ʿ˵ǿĻƽϣһЩȺӵġ
ʵա˵
Ǹ˵Ȼ½ֻô
оЩģߵҶǳǿζ׶༪١
ǵ۷壬ĵ۷ûһǧҲа˰٣˼Ҷ˵Ⱥӵġ
෴һĸˣٵһˡ
ǵĸˣ͸ǿչ·罻ѣһӰɡ
ȻһЦ
ҶǳǶһΪǸ֪ʲôʱһˣǵûиӦõ
ͷһһźɫۣһŶħߵˣǡ
ǿܣѹǸӦ
ٴһһ벽Ŀܡ
ܲ壬ûκϢȷѷ֡
Ҷǳǰĺˣ˵Ǹǲͷ¶βѣı˵
Ҫ֪ҵı壬ǿɲŶΪһʦɲɵðѱ߱ˡɭЦ
ߣҶǳǼǰС
˿Ҷǳ˵ıӰɭЦǻټģţô尡ԿƳĿܡ
˽ҶǳıӰ˵еޱȵһƷ


1234 һ
Ҷǳ˿첽ȥǸܵǸ˲ĵĶ⣬Էֻһ߿ܣɱҲץסı塣
ңΧǿ߻ţҶǳҲƽ޹ʵ鷳
ʱһţһǿɳĮ֮ǰ˴˶ǳȺӣ׸˽
Ҷ˴˾裬Щٵˣһĵ»ᱻԱߵ˹
ӳ֮ڿһ޴ʯš
֧ʯŵӸƣż֡ǿչ·
Ҷǳ㶣ǵڻ̤ϻǿչ·ǰʯţͨǿչ·ڡ
ߣǽȥɣû뵽ǻǿչ·ҶǳЦ
֪涼ʲôΣڵǡ
ӷƶɮһֲõԤСȻ˵
Ҷǳ˶ʱɫǶ֪ŸɮΣкִڣһ˵Σգǿ϶Σա
߰ɣˮڣߵһˣѵһǰ档
ҶǳҲȥ
ʱһ飬Żǿչ·ӿȥ
ûѡˣΪӵˣǲġ
۹ʿǰ棬ۻ룬赲
үүÿֻƽϷǳԵҲû˸ҵ·
ٺһ벽ǿ顣
ҶǳûǻȺУ沨
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ǰ֪ôܳȥֻƽϣƨ˵ûһٹ
һֻƽ˵ֻǵһصĿѣԺĿ࣬ÿһεĿ鲢һҲ֪εĿʲô
ǰǰǿչ·Ϊ֪ô˺
Ϊȱǣһ̤˻ǿչ·޷ء
ҶǳҲҲ֪ԭ
ֻƽϵ˵ǵȷǵһǿչ·ϻںڴʱϢͨݸǡ
ԭˣ
ѹ֣

ʱΧһƬȻ
ҶǳҲ˽ˣԭѹЩܹ֪ǿչ·Ϣ
̲סҶǳ˵֪ˣӦħƴ½ҲܹϢȥˡ
ո˵ֻ꣬ƽϱ㿪ЦȻҲҪ˵̫ˣҪϢȥںĴҲõֻеõһöŪǼƻǿչ·ӶϢڻǿչ·Уܹõˣһǿָ֮
ˣҪϢȥý顣
ý飬һ˿Իõġ
Զ׼λϻʣ۹ʥʿǻǿչ·ϵĳǿߣưһ
ҶСѣȷӦںħƴ½һͿԴϢȥ߱ǹڻǿչ·̾
˻ǿչ·ôǿߣҲ汱սһǵġ
ҶǳЦ˵Ƿģħƴ½Դ˻Ϊı壬ǿͨͨġֻƽ˵ģֻҪܹõܽϢתǡȻִϢʽЩѣܴ̫ϢٿԴһЩõϢˡ
ʱ¶ϲɫæ˵ǣһҪ벽ܽǿչ·ǼҲиӦܹԱˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷܣΧ繷۷嶼ˣȷҪ벽磬ܱס
һȺ֪ļһˡ
ͻȻһ̾Ϣռ䡣
˲ɵ̧ͷȥȴǷһ߳ͷϿգǡ
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬˵ǻǿչ·һʹߣһؿҸģͨһصĿܼ򵥣Ǿɱ͵һǧµʱͨһصĴȻῪ
ɫ䡣


1235 С
ڳ磬ٵмˣλʹ߾Ȼ˵ֻһǧͨˣʣµļˣ
˲пĿˣһɫѿ
ʣսɱһǧˣͨһصĴŲŻ֡
û뵽һؾȻΣաҶǳɫص
ӷ𣡡һΣɱ¾ˣұ˴˻ûжԹֻΪͨˣҪɱǲ
촽ӿһĨ̵ЦݣǿɲҪ飬ҲҪֵ̫ãȻܵ˵ԡ
Ҷǳܹ˼ڳˣ˴˶Ƕ֣˭ҪǱֵ̫϶ܵ˵Χ
ԣ͵ʵܹɵͨⳡˡ
䣡䣡䣡
ڻʹߵĻº󣬳еİ벽ǣһͷųԼ򣬻סǿߣȻ˴˾衣
ӷ𣡡Ҳͷųɫ򣬻סˡ
Ҷǳ̫ǿˣʱҪ¶ĿǰʵӦˡ
ԣ滹֪жٹأһʵٵ˵ͷ
Ҷǳһŵ˵ҵĵѾﵽ˴徳磬ʹҵʵڰ벽жǼǿġ
մĹ⣬ЩңҺԼѡ񽻺ҶǳȻûôǿĻˡ
ңҶǳĹ۲Ҷǳһ֮ԲֵýõĻ顣
ҲЩңҿûѡվѪǱߣӹһ١
٣Աߵһɣһͨһأν϶ҲҧûҪһؾɱ
Զ۹ʿԸֻƽ˵
Ļһ
ڳĸУ۹ʿԺǿֻƽϸ벽ȻҲһ˭ֵܵ
϶Ҳҧ󣿡
һֻƽЦҲϲϾ㲻࣬Ҳշѹ󡣡ǻƽϣɲĶ֡
ȻǲˬǵȷûҪһؾͶ֣ϰɡһֻƽϵ˵
ǿǿϣ߽ˣԹˡ
ǿϣǲܴڵģǿֻ̲ߡ
ŻƽϺ۹ʿĽˣеƶʱ˱仯һЩҲ˴˽ˣǿҲǿϡ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ɵ˵ҪҪҲˣ
ƶЩ̫ã٣ڱ˶ˣǼֱǻ
٣Ҫ𣿡ۿʦֹˣһɭЦݡ
Ҷǳߵ¼ҹһƾʲôˣı˵
ҵıȫޱȣҸҪˣǴڰǡۿʦЦ˵
ߵǣʲôʱǿչ·ĺˣҸ㣬б¾Ͷ֣û¾͹ҪΪģλ벽Աԡ
ĿԴˣǵãɲҪǡۿʦһЦʧȺС
ʱսڱˣ۹ʿƽϵһǿʼɱһЩˡ
ɱһȺҲǿչ·ֱ
СԭҴǿչ·ӦûԤϵһ졣
۷徳綼ûдﵽ͸ǿչ·ĵӡ

۹ʿƽϵǿ߲ϳոһλλ
һµĶ飬ΪոĶ
ͬʱҲʼɱ¾ˣרһЩСʵСĴڡ
Сԭһķ
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ǵĸ벽飬ǷֱһֻݣһֻԶܣֵĴ󺺡
£߸۷壬ʮͨ
ʵڳж鵱вǿҲͬСɣһ˲ǡ
ĸˣ˽ˣֱ
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벽ӦÿԸǴٺö

ĸ벽ȱǵ¸ǽҶǳ˰Χˡ
һǿϢѹȹ
ƺǱ˸СˡҶǳǳһĨЦ
ЦˣĸһǿɲǶ֡
ӷ𣡡ĬĬ߶ţȻԸɱ¾ҲԴУĴ߶֮£ɫˡ
ɱ
ɵǣ

ĸ벽Ѿɱ˹˴˵ײһƬ
ҶǳͫȻųµ⣬һţ˱Ѿֻݵǰ˫͵һѾͽ˫ץסˣȻȻһ
໡ֻﵽ벽ĶʱҽС
˫ᣬȻҶǳӲسˣɫѪҺգء


1236 ܾ
ҶǳǴԪһ´˵ؿռѹ̫޷Уٶɺܿ죬Խڳе
ͬʱﵽ弶Ҷǳӵ˷ǳֲ˫һͰǰֻﵽ벽ķݣ۶˫ᡣ
˱ѪȵһĻסΧĵǣЩɴ۾ŵؿҶǳƺû뵽ҶǳʵȻôֲ
ǿɲʲôèһֻﵽ벽ķݣʵǿޱȣȻ˸һӳ˫ᡣ
ҶǳֳľսΧĵޱȼɵ;֣׷׺˺Զ
໡㾹ҳҵĳҪɱ㡣ʹУ˫ĿѪͺݺݵشҶǳ壬ҪҶǳ
أҶǳؾһȭҵȭ̵Χĵ۾ֲȭᴩ£ֻݵͣ嶼ҵİȥ
ء
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ȻʴȣҲظ
⼸һȻĸ˻ɱ˼ʮˡ
ǼһȻɱһ벽
Ȼֻڰ벽в㶥⣬վǰ벽
˵ʵǰ벽۷塣

Ҷǳ˵սסΧˡ
Ҳû˸Ұǵˣ˶׷׶ܣǱ־롣
ҶǳҲֵɣûնɱԱߵˡ
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۹Ϊ׵Ĵʿ˹һ˿⣬Ҷǳʵע⡣
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۾̾һʵǿƱҪǿǰ벽۷Ρ
ǺǿɱֻǿˡҶǳ˵ͷҲܵλʿǿ󣬲Լģ㲻ûҲаջܶԷ
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ӷ𣡡ɫأȻҲе˾޴ѹ
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˶Ķ鵱У벽Ȼնɱ
˿ֲʵŵø˷׷˱ᡣ
ǽֱײֹͣҶǳǰһɾâɫ䡣
ʵܲǰɣʥʿҿµͳ죬һΪʥʿҫս
ʿһ˫˵ӶҶǳ˵
ˣˡ
ǸûȤˡҶǳ˵
ʲôЦȾˣ᳼ˣ
ңλʥʿǴѣҲﵽǸ磬ԽԷ
һѡ񣡡
ʿйâϬ絶һ㣬ݺݵضҶǳʥʿǻǿչ·ϵǿ֮һܹǿָܹңҪ󡣡
ǿ𣿡ҶǳЦЦôʿΪԸ⳼ˣɫÿ࣬ҶǳĻȴôʿɫһ
ҶǳЦ˵лĻһһʥʿʵ
޴Զ֪ʥʿΰ󡣡
ʿ߾еǹҶǳݺݴҾܾ۹ˣû˿Իš
䣡
շ·ˡ
һֲ̫ˣ˲䶴ĽɫѪ
ռȭ
ҶǳҲܵԷǿûʵǽױԼǿһȭ
ҵȭͷ֮УҶǳռųؼֲķâʿǹײһ
¡¡
Ƭռ䶼ȥɿֲײĿռˡ
Ҫ֪ĿռѹǿܽǵķУڻû˿ԴĿռء
ɴ˿ɼ˵ʵﵽ˺εȿµĳ̶ȡ


1237 ŭ
ˣ
ھ涼ѿһ޴ѷ죬֩һӳȥء
ء
ʿɫһ䣬µ̫ϵغˣ̤һһء
еǹһǿ͸ǹݹôʿ㵹ɳȥ
Һãһֻץµ̫󣬲ȻҪҶǳһȭɳȥˡ
ǿȭϵغˡ
ǿ⡭Ǵ壡
ʿסΣȻضŶҶǳǰδеء
ܹڰ벽罫ɴ壬ǰ˵ʵԲ֮¡
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ҶǳЦţӸ򲻻֣ɲԸ׼ˡ
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ʿһٶȽǹҶǳݺݴ
һεĽǰһµ̫󣬶Ҷǳĺˡ
һĻ˴ʿȺʿһɴ۾ΪǵУʿ޵еģûаܹ
ʵϣʥʿ˵ʿʵڰ벽ΣѾﵽ۷壬ܹǿĺ١
Ȼڣһ֪СӣȻͬλǵĴʿ
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ʿԳЦЦ漴ضҶǳ˵ղðʵҸǿҵȷûʸ¡ֻҪԸ⳼ʥʿǣҿʥʿʿҵλһΣ
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ҶǳҡҡͷǰĴʿһЦʵȻǿ󣬵ҺܱӣǿߣȻˣһֻǱ߰εĴڣҿûų
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ʱЩʿҲŷΧɱȥ
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ʿЦңǺǣҳʵǿҪɱң㻹ԶǴʥʿĴڣҲɱҡ
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¡¡
ݣռˡ
Ҷǳϣ޾Ļ۳һߴＸʮɵĻ
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ֻȭ׾ٵػǼʮʿɵɱɱʿ
ⲻܣ
ԶʿͫһȻ
ǿչ·ϵĿռ䣬Ǵõ顣
ʣҶǳһѾȼȫһˡ
ɱ
ҶǳĮ飬Щʿɱ֮󣬱ͬȺʼɱһλλʿ
ЩͨʿȻŵ۷ҶǳĲ̫ˣϾҶǳһİ벽ܹɱοЩ۷塣
ʵϣЩʿɱҶǳ֮󣬾ܻɱһλʿˣԱ㹻ˡ
ס֡
ʿŭų̹
Ϊ̶Ƭ֮䣬ҶǳѾɱʮλʿˣЩɶǵ۷ǿߣµľӢ


1238 е
ס֡ס֣
ʿŭɫŤֱˣһʧʮλʿµʿǳ׷ϵˡ
䣡
ʿӶеǹŭһݺݵشҶǳǹ³ҵĹԣ۳һ㣬ֲĳ
¡¡
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һ̣ʿеǹΪһ壬ǰδеľâ
Ҷǳ˲üնɱЩͨʿֻתʹʿսӶռȭʿǹϵײţһĿֲ졣
˵ʵﵽ˰벽۷壬ǵսû˸Ҳ֣ЩͨʿѾڳˣʧȥʮλʿ֮ǵɱѾȣҲв벽Ĵڡ
˺ǣЩͨʿʵΧˣɲҶǳ֡
Щƺڼɵ۹ʿĿ˵
ЦΪλʥʿĴڣǼһ˵վڴ۷壬ǿչ·ǿߣЩ˵ԺܵʥʿıԲŲ۹ʿ
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ЦС츳ǳΪ벽ڴʱѵĲ˵˵ҶǳСӣһΪ˴мֵܹס򡣡
ᵽҶǳŲԶѹŴʿҶǳг˾壬̾һ츳ò˵̫ˣǵõһʱҸû˺ÿһΣĽǳ޴һѾǿĻ޷֮ͬиڶ֡
ǰ벽֮Уʵ˾ųɡ
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ҿڵʵѾʹˣ֮£ͨĴǿ˶١˵
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ƣΪ˲֪ǵƣڹؼʱ
һ֪ĵ̣ǾͲǵˡ

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ȺУۿʦҶǳӰ˫ڵ˸˷ܵĹâ
ǿ֪ܹڴ¾ɴһϴﵽԲ硣
ʮǿһϻʣʥʿǣЩܹ֮ưԻǿչ·Ϊڰ벽ľʱ˴
ӵټҵĿʱʥʿʲôϻʲô

ۿʦĿ̰ضҶǳӰ
ȻпҶǳǺۿʦûڰ۲ҶǳʵҶǳϢ
ҿɲǴʿڲ֪Է׼ȷʵ£Գߵ壬ʧء
ۿʦһĵ뵽
һǿ׼ݣֻд̽˵ʵĹ滮ʱֻҪһ֣ܹƷˡ
ңдʿҶǳʵٺò
ʿһȻ޴ʵȷǰ벽۷壬СӼȻܹѹƴʿѾױʵ
ղһСŭӦĵƣֹȻǿ󣬵ǶĸҲأҲʩչ
Ψһɵ㣬һ򣬵ΪֹûжԼе㲻ͬѰ

ۿʦ۲Ҷǳʹʿսвϵطš
ν֪֪˷ܰս
Ҷǳʱ»֪һǿδ֪ˣıŶԸ
ҶǳҲû׼ʵΪԷһ
Ȼˡ
ڻǿչ·ָĵʵ̫ˣʤֻǰ׼ܻ߳ǿչ·
ʿȻǼһѹŴ򣡡
ҵ찡ǼһʵȻôǿ
̫ˡ

Ҷǳʹʿսڳܶ˵ע⡣
˶еޱȣҶǳֳʵڳ۷֮һ
վڸ߿и·սĻʹߣһľ֮ɫû뵽һ쾹ȻһȵʥʿϻϧСʵ̫ˣô۹ʿϣʥʿɳģϧϧ


1239 ֮
ۣ
һνʿѪɣҶǳ֣ȴȻһд
ס֣ͨˡ
ʹ˵
ʱǶڻŵˣͣˡ
ʱ˲ŷ֣ҹɱǶڵڽ͵һǧ¡
ͨˡ
˰ֻʣǾŰٶ
̫пˣҿҵﵽ벽Ÿǿչ·

ˣûжٸˣֻЩҡ
Ϊ̫ˣҲ̫ǿˡ
ǵ۷壬벽ȵȡ
ôǿߣǰûмһȴ
е𺳣֪
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ң޴ĳǳػǿ֮УӴԶԶһЩǳˡ
ǳصΧΧʮǳת
һǿ֮ǡ
˾̾
ǰһҸ档
Уʹ˵ǿչ·һоŹʮ˲һֻǿθˣİ˹أһرһظѡʮ˲һ֮·Ҹǣûдʵñȥʮ˲ҸǵҸ棬ڵһǣԽ磬Ȼ󱻻ǿչ·ֱӴ͵½ȫķ
˶ʱʵǰѵǲȥʮ˲𣿡
ʹЦΪǿչ·Ļ½ΪʲôҪЩ飿Ϊѡţ˵ģʵȥأֻҪǸˣܴȥˣôѡţԣǿչ·й涨һǳشʱ䳬ǧ£Զʧȥ˽һصʸ񡣡
˶ʱȻĻᣬҪǾͻʧȥμӿ˵ʸ񡣱Ͼһǧʱ䣬ڵ˵ʵ޷ʵ
ǰ֪Խʲô𣿻иߵľ𣿡˺ʵ
һʣ˵ĺҲˡ
ҶǳڴеĻʹߡ
ʹߵ˵֮ϵľĸ࣬ȻڸԵĴѾﵽ۷壬Ƕڻ½˵ҲֻǴѡ
Ļ˺ܡ
һò״ﵽ۷壬һ磬ȴ䵽˵ײ㡣
ͺñһʵۣ뿪֮һӱؤ̬ôά֣
ãеĻʵۣЩľ֪ǿ˶ٱǻܹ򶨡
ֻʹ߼˵֮Ȼ˵ڻ½ֻдﵽ磬Աʵһܹ֡ΪǾܹưһһС֮ʲô磬ҾͲˣЩ϶ǻ½һЩϹŶǻʯĳǿߣǿԿɵľǿߡ
߰ɣȥһǣȰǣû㹻ʵǾͷأԶڵһǣΪڳڣǺܰȫģ֣ԷĵԽ硣
ʹ˵꣬뿪ˡ
һ߳˼һ߽ǰľ޴֮С
ߣ
ԶʿһĿҵɱ⣬ݺݵҶǳһۣŴ²Ķʮλʿš
Цأǿͨˣ»ᱻ
ʵǿûҺɱҶǳҡͷ
˵ǰɣ˾޴ĳǳأһǵһμڴ
˭أЦ
ҶǳҲܺ棬ǽš
˺ǣ͸ţһλǿ֮Сǣǿ֮ȴֱ˵һǵĳſڣǰããһƬĻ
˶ߣȻʲôԭ
ȻǵǿԽռĿռ֮ţѾӲ֪پĿռ䣬ֱ˴˵ء
ħƴ½½֪ˡ
ҶǳİããһƬ̾
һǳ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ⣬Ҹ۹ΪУʥʿɱ㡣ʿضҶǳ˵
Ҷǳعͷ¶Ц˵°ܽҴԲѣ
㡭ʿŭ
ʱվһڼʿȵˣǲ˭ԺηֻҪǽ˵һǣҲҪţǻҲҪſšڲף˭Υɱۡ
˵ʱ
ںڼʿͷųԼǿϢ֮˶ɫ
ΪλڼʿϢǿٲڴʿ֮¡
һλʿôǿôǳصأ
˶ʱʵ
ʿһҴҴһȺ½ˡ
ҶǳҲǡ


1240 һ
һǷǳӴ󣬱ħƴ½½Ҫö࣬еһνǵˣΰ׳۵ǿ֮Ǹסˡ
ڳڿĽֵϣԿõĸ飬飬м֮ࡣ
һ԰ɫʹ壬һԺɫĶħ壬ͷŶǵĶˣӵͷ۵ս壬гŰֱֻ۵İ˱塭
͸ˣеĻΣеչֳӴı壬Ҷǳۻҡ
̫Ӵˡٸпѡ
ûжپȣͲ࣬Ǵ֮е񣬱Щص壬Ϊ⡣
ǳ̫ˣǷͷߣϢһ˵ؼϣΣ漴˵
ڲ֣Ƕǲõġ
ҶǳǶ˵ͷ
£ĸ˸Գĸ̽ȥ
һ˱ص˵ؼϡ
ǰˣЦ˵ҴһϢڵڶؿ֮УһֱǽΪԼˡ
Ҳ˵
ٵ˵ͷ˵ӵڶؿ˿ʼǾܴӿ֮еõһַܹõǱǳΪǿչ·ŴǳصسʿΪʹߣܻõңһÿһǳصĳʵԻ½ǿ߻ǳԽ˴磬ʵɲ⡣
ֻʧߣСˣŻأΪسʿʹߡ
ҶǳҡҡͷЦǻǼذɣˣҴһЩǿĶ֣ΪǵĶ֡Ƕ֪Ĵʿƽ֮⣬һܾóھŰǰĵһؿ֮Уһ˾ɱ˲뿼˵ˣ˵һǡȥ˾Ű꣬صĻ϶һһ̤ڶء
١𾪡
ÿһβһؿ˵ĵмˣа벽в٣ҶǳҪɱǣҲʩչС
ܾȻԶһɱôǿߣսԼ˶Ҵ⡣
һﲻѾΪ˰ɣ̲סʵ
ҶǳҡͷӦûУѾΪˣûҪڵһôãֱӴǰŹأȥʮ˲ˡ
˵ʮ˲ҴһЩϢ˵ʮ˲ȫǰմ˵еʮ˲ɵģÿһħʵǿʤڶ࣬ҪȥѡʥʿϻǿߣҲֻǴ˵ʮ
ʤ𣿡һЦתͷҶǳٺЦҶСڣǻõŵһȫ벽ʵųɣǾԿɴʮ˲
ҡͷǿ»֪ӵʮʼħʵﵽ˴Ρ뿴ǧӿ˭ֵܵס
ⲻܣԾһ£漴ҡͷʥʿѵôǿԺƳǧ
ЦһȻǲܣڻǿչ·ô꣬ѾշһߡʶĴʿµһСබѣڴʿ֮ϣʥʿֻдﵽܵΡʥʿ֮ϣʿǶǴеĶǿߡԣʥʿһµ۹ʿŲֲġ
˵ϻʣշǿߣͬ졣
Զʱһǵ⣬ǵ۹ʿЩһﲻ鷳ɣ
̾˭֪۹ʵôֲΪʥʿһˣֻҪҶǳﵽ磬Բû뵽۹ʿӴ󡣡
Ҷǳ侲˵ҲҪ̫ǣѾǰ棬Ҫ淴ǿչ·ѣǾԹҲ̫ˡ̤ʮ֮ǰҲҪʵ
ӦÿǽһշһЩǿߡ
۾һЦãʥʿϻʵ̫ˣǵԶǣֲ˺á
һԣҶǳ˵ͷ֮ǰսѾٵơ壬һΧˣǾΣˡ
ҶǳЦµԳ֣ǿûʸշ£ȴһܴʿϢѾһˡǣѾȵ𣬲֮ˡ
ֱܲӺһɤӣ°ɣҶǳЦûʲô顣
ЦǣҺȥϢ˵Ҫոߡٺ٣һصĿôпᣬһصĿѣֻҪǰ׳գԸͶһЩǿߡϾǿߵıӻ£ߵøԶ
ðɣǾͽˡҶǳ˵ͷ
úڳڵһҿջס¡


1241 ǿ
ҶǳСԼڵһǵڿջס˼󣬿ջ½½һȺʮ벽
תͷ٣ҶǳҲ̫˰ɣȻһЩ벽Ҳǰ벽ѡ
ͬǰ벽ȻԸ⳼
ʥʿǿߣҲԸ⳼
ҡͷֻǷųϢѣǶԸġ
ЦС׾پնɱһλ벽ֻҪǰ׳գܹóľ޴ǱȻ˻㡣
ô飬ÿһ鶼һԼǿˣûʲô˵ġ˵
ЦȻҲйϵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷʥʿϻʲһҪΪʥʿϻʵĸߣ㻹÷ģܱǣһжҪǵΪûʲô
ѡҶǳɶˣҶǳҪǷģҲǵɣʱ뿪
ҶǳΨһҪ󣬱ڸʱ򣬲ò˭ұǾɱ⡣
ʵѾǸ棬һֺϵٺҶǳĹϵһ˴˲˭£ֻǹͬǿչ·Ҷǳʱռλӣһ˻½һǸ߸ģڡ
˿ɵƶȣȻˣ˵ҪΪסҵһɽǼֱҪ̫˷ˡ
ǣǷųϢ֮мˡ
еǺҶǳһ𴳹ģеһҶǳһǵġ
ϾÿһǳؿԴһǧ꣬һǧʱ䣬вͨһصĿ˵ִһǡ
ԣһصĿˣ٣ࡣ
ɸѡǾͽˣó۲ģӦÿҳһЩĻˣ߳ȥ
Ҷǳ˵
𷨣ľΪǳߣѾԽľĲ絶棬ﵽľħ硣
ľΣħ޾ˣκħ޷ҡľ
ҶǳԴ˺Ľһʱ䶼ľĽǿһľĽԴв
û⣬Ұɣ˵ͷٶѾˣȻҲҪϾҶǳҲǷġ
ҶǳΪҪսȻЩȨ
ҲǿӪģϾҪһҶǳΪ죬ȻҪԼϡ
ʵҶСӣӦýʲô֣
ͽǳսӰɣ˵ǰ齨һǳսӣ𡣡Ц
Ҷǳ
˷ۣ̫Цˣ޵š

ҶǳҡҡͷˣԼһɡţͽСǿˡΪǿյĸ磬Ϊ˴ǿչ·žۼһԾͽǿˡ
ٳĬƬ̣ͬ˵
ˣǻҶǳģͽǿˡ
Ҷǳǿ˵ĵһǸİ벽ҲǸ
ʵһ㣬ûдﵽ벽磬Ϊϡ
ͨǾͨԱˡ
ǿ˵ĵһǡ
õϢԽԽ࣬ѡǿ˵ҲԽԽࡣ

أ
һĳԺ۹ĴʿһԱߵӣɫȻ˼Сӵ£ѵ֪۹Ϊ𣿸ҷųϢǿ˵ˣ۹ĵˣؽܵ۹ȫ
ˣϵ𣿡ʿ漴ѯԱߵһλʿ
ʿæ˵Ѿϵˣڵڶ۹ʮλʿפʱǻʾڵڶصĿʱӦǡ
ʿЦҾʮһλʿˣҲκβǡҶǳǿˣߣǱ߳ڶء

ò˵۹ǺܴģڴʿųϢ֮ѡǿ˵˾ࡣ
һЩѾǿ˵ˣڿһ֮󣬾ѡ˳ǿˡ
ϾҶǳȻǿǱڱϾ綼ṳ̂룬θʥʿԿ
ˣվʥʿߵġ
ȻҲһЩˣ׼ȸҶǳǴڶǣѡ˳ǿˡ
ֻˣ˽ĸҶǳΪҶǳûǵ£϶Դǵģٲ˾첻ֵø档
գǿڼӼ֮ȶһٶʮҡ
䣡
һº󣬰һĿĹâϯһɫĿռ֮ţ¶ڵһڡ
ڶؿˡ


1242 Ī
֣ôͿڶ𣿡
ҶǳЩȵŲԶľ޴ţɻ֮ɫǲŴӵһسûð
Ҵˣڶÿ꿪һΣȽϲպڵڶؿǰһµִһǡǿѡڴһ꣬ȵһȥڶء
ˣֱӴɣһ겢ܸӶʵȥһЩҶǳҡҡͷЩΪĵȤ
ҲôΪЦǿ˼ôˣлʮ벽оѹܴ
ҶǳʵϢӦҲ˻ǿչ·Ŷԡ
ûУҡͷ˵ﵽεǿߣһǿչ·ʱ򣬾ͱֱӴ͵ھųǡҹƣѾڴʮ˲ˣϾǴӱǿ
ġҶǳһѪ½ĴħͷǲŹġϾ½ĵڶ硣
߰ɣȥڶأ
Ҷǳ漴ټǿ˵ˣʼǰ֮
ͬʱһһЩ׼ڶصˣҲ׷׸
۹ĴʿһŰ裬ΪѾ䵽˼˵Ķ飬ʵǿ
ϾҶǳǿˣ۹ʿŲǿչ·ǿ
ܶ˶Ը۹ʿţ۹ʿŹ̫ϸˣҪʥʿΪ¼˻ࡣ
ء
زֻӲӵĻƽϴһȺ޸ǵʵͬǿޱȣ˲С
ҶǳǿͬҫۣϾҶǳʵĿõģĵ۹ʿźͻƽϵԡ
ҶǳǱԸǣҿΪϻʣϻʲʥʿԵҪһֻƽңңҶǳЦ˵
ȻҶǳʵӮϿɡ
лˣһǾһȥҶǳҡҡͷԾܾˣ˶ȻҲִЦˡ
һߵĴʿһߵ֮˶ѣҿ㻹Ŷá
ҲȲ۹ʿš̵
ʿ۾һУɱնǡ
ֲ࣬ȴɱ
˶о˱Ϣ׷׺㣬Ըǿ˺۹ʿŵм䡣
ʣ֮һսڳ˶Ԥϵõ
ƽϴҶǳѵҶǳһȰ棬ʥʿܴڸǳضפȻΪһʿôǿĵȰ㻹Ǽǰɣ
Ҷǳûлػǲ᳼κ˵ģ¿ͷϵĳҲܡ
ܹռĴڣİȻܴ
¡¡
һȺ˿ʼռ֮š
ڣһ޼ʵأиߴΰɽб̲ˮĽӣɭֺͲԭԵ
ﲻսһԴ
һһ㶵ġ
뿼˵ģȼٵģطôҲ˳ϰɣ
ڴʱ߿гһλӣˣ˵ܹӦ֪˵ĴڣƬ֮б̺˲ٵֻҪõһ׼ƬأǱᱻͳȥڶǡ
ʱ۾һʵǰֻҪ׼һʣµĵ磬ǣ
ЦΪʵþǵһֶȥѰҺɣֻʵˣǲܼȥ
˵꣬ˡ
Ҷǳüͷһ壬һصʹߣλڶصʹԵøᣬֱӴ̼Ҫɱ¾ɼû˿ʴ֮ġ
ЩʹҲǰʧܶˣǵԸȻͬ
ߣȥѰҵ
Ҷǳǿ˵˵
ûҪϺʹʿǾսϾɱֵòǵõ֮ɱǣܳûһЩ
ʿҲˣҶǳʵǿôˣҲûжٰնԸҶǳ
ȥʮλʿϣɱǡ
ʿ뵽
Ȼʱ򲢲չ
Ҷǳʹʿ׼ȥʱµȺУм˱˴˳ˡ
ЩʿҪԸɱһλǿ˵ǿߴ߶۹ʿǱߡ
۹ʿߣҲʿӶǹᴩգɱǿ˵ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬м˶֣ǳֹһƬûǿ˺۹ʿš
ûз˵鵽һҶǳʹʿЩֲ㵡
ǵ£Ѿ׷ڳˣϾ˶ˣѵ֣
ǣǿ˺۹ʿžĪشˡ


1243 
Ҷǳʹʿھ㵵ʱµѾ˴ɱˡ
ҶǳҲڶˡ
˭Ҳû𣿡Ҷǳɫشȸǡ
ҲΪǵ¶ˣѵ
οڹǣѵվ
ҶСӣԾҰ̽һ£ָղȳֵǸһѾˡ
ɫѿ˵
Ҷǳɫһ䣺ǱݺˣǱ뵽֮УǱ뵽۹ʿ֮УΪıǻɱ
ǿ˵ˣľϸѡôּܻϸɻ
ԿЦ磬ǿҲұ֤ܹ̽˵ġ
Ҷǳҡͷǿ˱ϾңֲҪԱģϸǱҲԭΪ۹ʿŵļϸڿеǣ۹ʿš
Ǻ۹ʿŻɱ֮Ǽֻƽϰɣ˵
Ҷǳҡͷ˵
أȻɱˣҲֻ֣ܰһһˡٴһŶһʿɱȥ
ҲΣѾˣ޷ͣ֡
֣ͣĴʿҲδػͣ֡
ԷҲΪδػ֣ͣ˴˱ǵˣܺú̸һ̸
ò˵̫黬ˡ
ɱ
ҶǳȻıãʱҲûİ취ֻܾ۹ʿš
ǰеĵˣҲ塣
ԷȻֻǰиıƣô˵ʵǿõŸı
Ҷǳǿ˾Ȼȳ֣еӣҺΪ𣿡
ʿЦɱ
䣡
ҶǳӶռȭ˹ȥµҲøʿϻֱɱս
ҫ۵ȭƬأֲͬ嫺еľκˣϯ硣
ҶǳȭˣӲʿǹֲôʿϺˡ
ݣ
ʿŭͶеǹգҶǳ
أҶǳһסǹȻ־˦˳ȥһλ벽ʿˡ
ۣ
ûɱصİ벽ɱ
˵ϣޱ˳·֮ǰѾ顣

ʿŭӣջǹݺݵشǹųѤĹâһС
أ
Ҷǳȭǰһλ˴ʿ
ҶǳҵȷĶ֣ȴ۹ʿŵĶ֣վġʿŭ
Ҷǳתͷȥɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿ˵̫ˣ۹ʿ˼ȷǵĶ֡
ֱʿסˡ
ֻܱ¶һʵˣ
Ҷǳ۾΢΢һУһ̣һӶһǵһ㣬ϯС
Ŵ𣡡
ʿɴ۾û뵽ҶǳȻֲ˾Ŵ
ҶǳʩչʽеĻŭʱΪŴΪһûиܵó
һΣҶǳľŴȫͷųڳ۾ܿóˡ
ôܣҵʵ
ʿ֮УʱΪܵԼʵѸ½
һѾ½ԭɣ˵ʲô˵Ҷǳһʵ
⻹Ϊ벽۷弶Ĵڣ۹ʿŵ벽±ʵࡣ
ұ߳ʵ
ұɡ
Ҳ߳ɣ

۹ʿ׷׾ź󣬰벽˴ʵЩͨʿǱ˾ųʵҲǿ˵Ķ֣ɱĽڽڰˡ
ϣɱǡȵͬʱҶǳǣЦûжûȻʵЩԸ㹻ˣǻܼʵ
Ҷǳλǵ˻ڣȻ̫籩¶ʵ
ŴΪôȻҲܻΪŴҶǳյ
ȻѹҪһЩҲԶԶ˵Ҫǿࡣ
ɱ
Ҷǳȭɱʿ
ʿȻҲͷųԼ֮⣬ʵɱɣͲҶǳ͸ӲҶǳĶˡ
չֳԼ𣿾Ŵ𣬹Ȼǽ۹ʿŰ̽ˣҲִӦԣҲЩ鷳
ǿ֮УһһսһڰעҶǳߵս˸źĵĹâ


1244 µĵ
䣡
ʿ屻ݺݵˤڵϣѸվǵѪҺŶҶǳɫѿ
ʵʹ۷벽磬ڵͨĴǿ˶١
Ҷǳ۷״̬
һ͸ӲҶǳĶ֣ҶǳǱ
ȥһġʿɫأóռͨѶʼϵڶǵʮλʿ
ܿ죬͵֪ʮλʿѾŴ淴·ڶˡܹŵõԮ
ʿû˿ա
̫ˬˣҴû뵽벽Ȼô
̫ˣŴ𰡣ֲ̫ˡ
ǰʵȻĻʿǸܻŽһǡ
Щѡ˳ǿ˵ļһ϶ˣôǿһܹǿչ·

ʱǿ˵ʿǡ
ΪǷԼĶֱúǿ˵һλͨܶԿ۹İ벽ˡ
ϾЩ˱߳ʵʣµһսҲ൱ڵ۷ѣвǿ˵ˡ
෴ǿߵİ벽ǣʼɱ䣬۹ʿɱĽڽڰˡ
ʿǸˣ
۹ʿ
ԣ¼ʿԶʥʿôҳϣɲϣΪʥʿս
ϧڼ۹ʿŵһ̣ǾѾˣûдʿǾͲӣǱ۹ʿţԼԡ
˵磬ǷǸĵϵģһԼԣôĵͻȻⱲҲˣָʵǲܡ
ټһ£ǻԮģʮλʿڴϹʿʱڲϢˣȻһЩ˱ˣһ˾ͱɡ
ʮλʿ
˻

۹ʿǶʱϲѡ
һλʿǰʮλʿĸҲܹ֮һսˡ
ʱ۹ʿʿǣʼȫֵǿ˵Ľ
֣Щһʿƺһ˺ܶࣿü
һߺǰĵˣһ˵ôʲôɱˣɱǼ
˵öԣʵɱһЩЦڶԷʵ߳ɵʱ򣬾ǰ벽һսˡ
Щ벽ĸǾ͸ӿˣѹŶİ벽Ѿɱ˺üˡ
ʣȥ۹ʿžԻᱻǿ˸
Ԯ
ҶǳһȭȭǰĴʿ͸ǵĹâ
ڵ㣬۹ʿűɣʱǻܱʿֻһܣǱ֪ԼԮ
ȿȣ
ʿѪɳȥЦҶǳʵȷǿǿҶû뵽֪۹ʿŵĿֲȻʥʿԶڵʮǰǳ֮У۹ʿפҲ¸㣬ʮλʿŴϹαɡ
ҶǳһʮλʿȷһɿֲʮλʿǶ򣬶ֻԱѡ
ĴʿѾﵽ˰벽۷壬ʮĴʿɱֱƴˡ
һλҶǳҲֻԱİգౣԼܣҪɱԷǲܵġ
һȵʮλʿŴϹµǿ˶ᱻɱɾֻߡ
ֻȽˣ
Ҷǳ˵գӿֳ߶ʽһ޴Ļ
߸ϣŴʿ˫Ŀ֮ȼգֲͻƵһ۷壬ΧĿռ䶼Ťˡ
㲻ɱңʥʿŹġ
ʿŭ
һ̣ڸܵٵĿ־С
ϧѾ̫ˡ
ŭ
Ҷǳ³;޴Ļ̧ԼĻƣŴʿѹ
أ
һ֮£ն鿪ˡ
ȻѾǴﵽ˴Ĺ
ҵסʿŭţȫһС
ȫʢʱڣȷõϾǰ벽۷壬ǴҪɱҲһоɱ˵ġ
ϧڱʵʣʵͨİ벽ǿ˶٣סʽоС
ۣ
ʿȫ¶渲ǣѺۣѪ粻ֹɫһҰס
㡭ᱻʥʿɱġ
ʿԹҶǳ漴ڵϣ
ҶǳûתȥɱЩ۹ʿˣЩ˵ʵԶʿ׾پ͸ɱˡ
Ҷǳ£۹ʿǽڽڰˣ˲ء
ȻҶǳ׼ɱһŵ۹ʿʱȴ¶һЦݡ
ҶǳȻɱ۹ʿšǺܿϧ̵ְұλ̡
Ҷǳ۾ֻһ۷壬۹ʿ֮жۣȴš
ܾ
ҶǳȻͫһһһҧ˵
ӵδ֪ˡ


1245 ܾ
ܾǵһǿˣڴˣǴû˼Ϊӵܣ֪ıҲߡ
Ҷǳ֮ǰǿ˺۹ʿĪش¾ǿܾŪĹ
Կ͸ģоһ˵ĺûǿѾʧȥģȻҲ޷͸
۹ʿǱߣ͸ûˡ
Ȼʿܾܵܿá
һܾȻǿ˺۹ʿŪڹ֮С
ҶǳضǰĿܾһܣɱ졣
ףǰֻǿܾһܣɱҲԿܾɶ˺
ֻɱܾı壬ɱܾ
۹ʿţ
ܾЦһϴųмһʥʿûУҲ۹ʿţǲ۹ʿŵСආѣӵʥʿ۹ʿţҲ㣬Ǻǣվûдﵽ磬һ齨ǿˣҾ͸Ӳ÷ˡ
أ
ҶǳֱӻȭȥǰĿܾ飬ߵҪʱ䣬ȴЩʿȻƴܾ𣿡
˵գҶǳתͷ˵ߣʮλ۹ĴʿӹˣʱûҪ
һæҶǳ뿪
ԽӣɽҶǳѰŵټ
ǿڵһǴ˼˵ģ˵޷̽⣬ֻʱܹԼԼӦõ
ü鷳ˡһܲҵõֻܿԵˡ
ʵϣȷҪ˿ЦҽǷͷұȽϺãһٶˣͷңҵĻŻ󡣡
˵ͷ漴Ҷǳ
ҶǳǾͷͷҰɣ˭ֵٵĻԼĻǿҲˣᱻᣬ紫ϢҡȻֵ˹󣬷Ҳࡣ
֪˶˽ĵģ˷˵ѵɵغԲܣ
ĿҲףһ黹ķѲ̫ʱ䣬ˣͻķѺܶʱˡ
ңһɣͻһ۵Ĺâע⡣
ʱ򣬽ƾһˣصס
ǣ
֪ˡ
ټ

ǿ˵˶ʱɢȥ
ߣȴҶǳסˡ
ҶСӣǲǷʲôɻؿҶǳ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵ֻǾøղЩɡ
ղˣһ㶣漴۾һУǸղǸǷͷȥҵ㻳ǿܾٿصĿܣ
ԻȻҪǵɢȻһԸǣһɶˡ
ǲҪлЩˣæ˵
ҶǳҡͷֻҵĲɶѣοҪҵͷȥҵȷõѡ񡣶ңǿһٶˣô֪˭ǿܾĿܣһжôǵټͱܾգǶԣһΣա
ԵͷֿҲãһ飬ͲõĻᱩ¶ˡˡߣҲֻǺѣûзͶ㣬ûҪ˼ǵ
ٵ˵ͷͲʲôˣǿ˵ЩˣȻûжٸ顣
ЩԥҲûпڷظ֮ˣΪ˼˶ǣҶǳ
߰ɣҲȥҵôǼһͺˣұóҶǳҡҡͷʼЩˡ
뵱һھĹұóˡ
ҾãܾӦûǷϢ˵ҵ˵ȻܾѾúõ档һһ˵
ҶǳЦŵͷĵȷһ⣬ǧҪǿκ˵Ļ
һķ˺ܶǾʹ˴ˣٵĵ
ҶǳǾһȥ壬ԱҲ㹻ˣʱߡ
Ҳá£ҵǼһı壬һҪһ̫ˣֱʤֵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲÿܾ̫ˣֻҪǿ˻ڣôȻᱻܾС
Լʼһˣ̫ˡ
ҷֵˣһ޴ĵûҶǳ߶ƣһǿ˵ĳԱͷϢĻڵλá
Ҷǳʱһ㶡


1246 
ô
ҶǳͻȻͣסŲǲɵͶɻĿ⡣
ˡ
ҶǳЦһЦ漴ͽǸǿ˳ԱϢǡ
񵱼ҡͷЦǰ׳ôͷֵˣһһ޴ĵܾΪôƭ𣿡
ΪûлЦ
ĮȻһأ


ҡͷô׾ҵõһ޴ĵµѾôˡ
ߵûаϢǣֻҶǳһˣ˵ʲôǿ˵ĳԱѵĵᱻҶǳɱһ֪ǿ˵ˣһˣҶǳҲɱڡ
ҶǳЦɱڣɲҪңҲԣֻпǿܾŻ᲻ںǷɱڣֻҪȥ̤ˡ
סˣ´μֱˡ˵
ЦҲյϢ
˵գڼ˾㵵ĿУóԼĿռ䷨ּǿ
ǵģҶǳȵѵ˷һ޴ĵ
˵ⲻųǿܾΪʲôϢǡ
̾ģϣԷ䵽ĵǿ˵һٶ˶õϢֵĵٺܶࡣֻ͸˵֪Ϣ䵽ĵͻܶࡣңʮڣҲõĻᱻɱˡ
һǾ̫ˣôҵ˵һҲ̫˰ɡҡͷ
Ҷǳȥɣһ򣬾һò˵һ̫ˣԳô˻̤벽硣
ĻٶʱĶˡ
ǵ۷壬㹻ĵȷһ̤벽硣
߰ɣĶˡҧ
ܾͿܾɣҶǳܹٿٶĿܣҲ޾塣Ҳˡ
˵Ǹǿ˳Աλøȥ
ڽӽʱҶǳҲͣԼȹȥ
ȷпҾ֪ͨǣǿܾǾͲùˡҶǳ˵
˶˵ͷҲҶǳƭϾҶǳʶôãǻҶǳΪ˵ġ
ˣҶǳ·Ƭ̣ͷǸϢǿ˳ԱԱ߻վǿ˵ĸ
˶һļ˷֮ɫ
ˣ
Ҷǳ⼸˵ıȷеǿܾµ塣
ΪǼü٣ܲЩҲǿܾĿܰɡ
Ҷǳ˹ȥɱ־裬̽ΧԷһ
ڿʱҶǳڷ˵̺ľ޴
Ȼģ
Ҷǳʱϲ֡
ôӴĵΪˡ
ҵΪ벽۷徳硣Ҷǳ
Ȼ벽۷սڶܹ֮ƴ
ʵҶǳΪֻǸոս벽ѣϾһ˰벽磬һӾʹﵽ˰벽۷塣
սΪͬĲΡ
ҶǳãԼΪҲܹﵽ벽۷壬ôӳսĿԿͨĴˡ
ټļӳ֣һĴ¶Ķˡ
뵽Ҷǳڴˡ



ʱǼǿ˵ҲҶǳʱ
ҶǳǿʵӮǵ𾴡
ǿΪκ綼Ӧķ
ţҶǳĿŵλֵͨԱϣЦ˵ĺܲģԷֵɣɣʣµ˷ɡ
Ļһ䣬ڳļ˶ˣһŵؿҶǳ·Լһ
ôö𣿡Ҷǳǵı飬˵
æҡͷǾô٣Щ˼ˡ
һ˿Ц۹ʿǱߣ´ʿֱþųɣʣµһɲŻǷ֡
ҶǳˣҡͷЩһ̫̰ˣҲһֻҪǿˣҾԲǡ
ǣ
ǵˡ

˸̾ǾҶǳһˡ
ҶǳûΣգͽǽйˣúʣµĸҲˣһʮˡ
õҶǳǾͿʼھ


1247 ʵ
ãô͵õôҺٶܽ벽ˡЦ
ٿҶǳЦһƺֻҪһߣк
ôһ˵ǵģҪһͲܴܽ˵ͷ
ҶǳЦֲҷֵġ
ҲǸ㣬ֺЦ
ҶǳƲ˵Ҫлأǵ齨ģȻǶ޷
ЦȻڤڤ֮һнж
һھһ߽
úȵطʹ𣬿Դھٶȣɵø֪Ҷǳ
ҶСӣлҲھٶȻ졣
Ҷǳһæ߶
ȻﲻƣǵҲ赲˻Ҷǳ׾ھˡ
ھٶȶ˰ٱ
Ҷǳʱϲѡ
һͿһھһЩˡ
ϥڿǰҶǳһ߿Żھһ
̺֮ȻҲҶǳڲĿռ֮
ڴԪһﵽԲ֮ҶǳڿʼߵȼĿռ֮ˡ
Ҷǳռ֮ٶȿʼӿ졣
ǵǵʥⶫҽҪ˶á
Ҷǳһޱȿõ
ѹ֪ػкܶΣգһЩʵˣԸȥƴء
ҲǸûҪػǿչ·ֻҪڴصĹ֮еõһЩʵ
ϾǴڳԼ֪²ܳԽ磬뿪ǿչ·
һھٶ찡һһھˡĽ֮ɫ
ҲĽѣǹھͺܳˣйһֻھԺʱ
ҶǳɵһΪҲѸ
ˣҪﵽ벽۷ˡ
Ҷǳмš
ɿĵ֮оԼ벽۷岻Զˡ
Ȼĳɿĵ֮ΪһͻƵ˰벽۷塣
䣡
ǿƴҶǳϯȥھһ
ãǿǴҶǳϴ˿
漴˶һܡ
ȻҶǳʵǿˣǵĿɽ͸ɿˡ
ҶСӣоôͻƵ˰ɣЦʵ
Ҷǳҡͷֻǽ벽۷徳硣
ɻ㶼ܻɱʿˣѵѾﵽ벽۷𣿡
ԭֻǰ벽ڣӵдܹѹʿҶǳҡͷ
˶ʱȻ
˷ܵô˵ڼϴ壬׾ٵػɱʿˡ
Уý׾ٵնɱ
ҶǳڵʵԷӳȴʵˣֻǲ֪ʵжǿܷܴҪԹ֪
Ц˵ٴ֮£һӶӲˣɡ
һǸܾٸݺǣǾͽƾͼƣһ
Ҷǳ۾һУߵ˶ڰУ̫ˣȷҪ
Ҷǳھڵõ֮󣬾ֱϥ¿ʼ
ҶǳڴˣҲõĻΣա
ҶǳҲڼʣ¿һɵȻЩΪ磬ȴľ롣
ǶҾܽˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
Ȼ֪ܲʵӴĵǳϡ٣Ҳˣ
ǵڶأ滹еءĹء
ҶǳţԼڵִʮ˲֮ǰһ̤硣
ţ
ȻҶǳó˿ռ䷨ּʾһϢ
ǿ˵һԱġ
ҷһ޴ĵǳ󡣡Աƺܼ
Ҷǳ֮󣬶ʱЦˣû뵽ҵãȻһ͵ʲôʱڶô͵ˣǿ˸ˣ
ҶǳһЦǿܾĿԺܴ󣬱Ͼ͵ôһξˣеڶΣǾͿˡ
Ҷǳ漴ѯĸ֪ǲûյϢ
Ȼǿ˵ĳԱֻһ˷Ϣ͸ӿˡ
ҪʲôҶǳһʵոߵҲܾʲô塣
ϾܾǴĻɱˣò塣
Էֻǰ벽ôжˣҶǳڶ塣


1248 
䣡䣡
ǿϢ֣ٶ׷̤˰벽硣
ʵȻҲܶ࣬ӽ벽۷塣
ǰ벽磬̤ˡһ˷ܡ
֮ǰǺΣϾǰҶǳΪ۷ʱҶǳ֪ܲܽ
ҶǳһӴﵽ˰벽磬ۣܲġ
ڣҲ̤˰벽磬ȻҶǳĶ֣ٲٳΪˡ
Ҳһѡ
߰ɣȥһλܾ
ҶǳǰʵʱЦ˵
֮ǰǸǿܾǿ˳ԱϢѾ֪ˣһΪһԾǿܾ
ٺ٣ÿܾÿЦ
ҪߵˡЦ
Ҷǳתͷʮǿ˵ĸЩ˺ʶʱ䲻ʵأǸһȥԸܾǸԷֿ
ȻҪһȥһĿ׳˵
Ƕǿ˵ģȻҪһ𡣡
ǿܾһС¶ļһ϶Ķ֡

ҶǳȵǣЩǿ˵ĸȻԸһȥ
Ҫ֪ܾڵһǵܴ󣬺ܶ˶ɵ
ƺҶǳе죬ЦҶСӣʵѾĿùˣԺŷ㡣ȻҪǣõ죬ȥңͶˣҪĵģᱻɡǷ˱ҪϽԼõĺ١ֻһ룬ʣµĽǷ֣ĺ죬ȻԸ档
Ҳ˵Ҷǳ㶼֪һֶص˸ܹŷ˵ɣǰǵˣǵԸΪ֪ҾͲõĻᱻڱһѪ桢Ǻ֪ôģ˸˲ԾŽΧ
ҶǳЦ˵ô𣿡
΢΢ЦһЩǿߣһ㶼ǶΪǵߵͬ鱳ѡ㣬ǸоܰģõıǲԸߡ
ҶǳһҲõɣǷǳġ
Ц˵ƷȻŵùһõ죬һ죬Ʒ֮⣬ʵɱϣ̫ʴˡ
ҶǳʲôʵɱϣΣ˶ϲ졣
ҶǳΪʲôŵ㣬ֻǾԼȱһ̰ģߵˣǺܴ󷽵ģߵĻܿʵ

뿪ھɾĵҶǳǣǸǿܾǿ˳Աڵλá
һºһƬɽ֮УǼλǿ˵ĳԱ

Ҷǳֱʵ
Ҳ̽飬ȴûиӦκεĴڡ
һŭǰǿ˳Աƭǣ

ǿ˵ĳԱЦƿ׳һҶǳˣЦ̫ˣ͵ÿһؿֻһô׾ͻֻ˵̫޴ˡ
ҶǳǲɵÿһؿֻһͿ֮ǰǾؿΨһһͿ
δҲ̫˰ɡ
ܾб½ıѲΪƾһ߿ܾܹɱǣм
䣡䣡䣡䣡
䣬Χһɽ϶ʱĿĹЩ񷣬໥һ޴
󷨣
Ǳˡ
˵ܾó󡣡

ǿ˵ĸǶʱɫ䡣
ǸܾĿһЦݣҪҵıǾƵɣƲǾ͵ɡ
أ
ֱһȭɱ߿ܡ
Ҷǳתͷʵܹ͸𣿡
֪ľﵽ˵㣬ǿ󣬿Կ͸޷͸Ķ
һֲܿ󷨣
ԣɫǰδеأ˫տտϸɨ󣬳һλ벽һǧλܾı۴
˻
ԣǵһ
ɽ֮УȻܾͺ¿Ȼ͸ҵ󷨣ϧûáΪ˶ԸĸģǴУҲǱɣοǡ
¡¡
ҶǳһʱͷųԼ򣬽С
ͬʱʼֲ׼


1249 
򣿺ٺ٣ȷǿѾ֪רֶΡ
ܾҶǳչֳû˿⣬ٿŴ󣬴ɫ⣬ѹӡ
ţ
Ҷǳɫ΢䣬Ȼ赲סˣ޷ӣһ޷
һУѾֶΣ³֮⣬Ѿ֪һߵ
ٳϧҶǳܹѹסѾܲˡ
ٺЦʵĺôؼʱóõ˴ֲ
ҶǳЦ˵ʵˣѹƲס򡣡
ٺ٣Ҷǳ΢΢ЦֻǶûͻǰʵѣѾͻƵ˰벽۷壬ܵסҵ򡣲ĵ۹ʿţʱûҪΪһܾͱ¶򡣡
㻹գֻһƵ󣿡Цʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦƣĹâһһͨѶ
һ۾ϳˣ۹λʿͨѶ۹ʿŵĶб־
ȻԮ
ҶǳЦϴαܾݺһΣһθֵ֮ˡ
˵ţҶǳͨѶǴһϢǵλʿǱǿܾɱģ˵λλʿһɣǣûӡ
˵꣬Ҷǳ˵صλ÷͹ȥͨѶöԷ޷Ѷ
㶣˰Σٲɻʵǲǻʮλʿô˵
Цô˵Ǽװʿƭˣ֪ǵһʮλʿͻΪǲ֪ǵľʵȻеɱˡŶˣɱܾ
ô죿ʵ
ȣҶǳ³һ֣㽫߶ޣסˡ
¡¡
ڿָܾ£ҶǳǲϵغÿһŰ벽۷ֵȫһ
ô๥´ʿְ벽۷弶ĸ֣ŲסƬ̡
ȻЩڽʱֱӾͱ߳ʣµҶǳӻ־ͽˡ
ô£
۳ٿ󷨵Ŀܾɫһ䣬ôĹҪֵҲֵƬ̣ȴ˿˲Ҷǳǣ̫ˡ
ʵôôǿǴȻôɵסôĹ
ܾɫƺЩ͹Ҷǳʵ
Ѿй۲˺ܾãǺȻҶǳһֱʵ
۹ʿĶ֣ȻܹʵС㡣
ܾЦҿɲȺ
˵գٶת󷨣ʹ󶼺һĿĹâ񷣬ֲڴ֮š
󷨣
֮УҶǳɫһ䣬̶Щ̾
һΣ󷨵ĹٶǿˣȻ޽ӽΣȫһˡ
ǿĹѹʿ
󷨵ܹ֮ӳιҲࡣ
ʱĴڿܾĴ߶£һԾʹϰٵ൱ûͻ֮ǰһٸҶǳֳ
´ʿǿߣֵסһʱ䡣
ò˵ܾǵһǵǿߣʸųơ
Ȼǵ͹ΪЩڽʱ򣬶߳ɡ
ʣµֻ൱ͨİ벽ѣ˵Ҷǳˣ˶ǿס
ⲻܣ
۴ܾҶǳһεס󷨵Ĺɵõɴ۾š
Ĺ֮УҲֲ˼ȻȴκβҶǳ
һսѵѾﵽ˴𣿡
ܾ־ϲ
ҶǳʵϲҶǳǿ󣬾塣
ܹõ壬̤磬δȼʥʿϻҲδزܡ
ܾˡ
ҧҧһھѪٶת󷨡
¡¡һΣ֮ӿֲڵĿռ䶼ŤˣһɿµϢš
Ҷǳɫ䣺ãһεĹﵽ˴ˡ
һ
䣡
Ҷǳʵ벽۷弶ʵչֳ޾֮Уʹǿˡ
䣡
һѤĹռ䣬Ҷǳǡ
˸ܵǰδеĿֲѹˡ


1250 Ԯ
εĹҾͲɵôɡ
۴ܾڣֲû򣬲ɵһɭȻЦ
гš
Ѿܹ߷ǿǰרŶԸģû뵽һλ벽ϡ
ֻҪõҶǳ壬ôһжֵõġ
ˡ
֮УҶǳܵԽԽٽľ޴в߶ռȭݺݵһȭӭȥ
¡¡
ȴεĹڽڣһܵ
ǴҶǳǿˣֻɵ
ʣµǿޱȣҶǳȭͷݺݵײһ
䣡
ռըȫҲ÷׷Ѫ
Ҷǳûˣȭͷֻһ˿Ѫ
ǴĹ𣿶һͨεĹ
ҶǳԼȭͷϵѪɫصǰС˴ҶҲֻܸһĴƽѻ˵ɱˡ
һ̣Ҷǳ֪ԼԶԶС˴
ܴȰ벽ֻǶ˰벽еʵ࣬ȴصĲࡣ
ôܣ
۴ܾŵصɴ۾
Ҷǳ𾪣Ҷǳ𾪡
ǿǴĹûǰôס
ǰСӣȻֻƾȭͷ͸סˣһûˣֻȭͷһЩѪˡ
οСˣ˲ͻָˡ
Ҷǳ壬ǴΣټԣʹĻָǳˡ
֮ǰˣǵõ壬ʥʿϻʲôһԳԽǡ
ܾ𾪣ǶҶǳӿˣ˫ȣԵЩ
ɱҵҪܹΣеʱ䣬ҽǺģҲҪ㡣
ܾ𣬴߶󷨣ϵغҶǳ
ҶǳҲһδεصֵš
Ⱥ۹ʿôƵȻҶǳסˣǲûΣգÿһι٣ǸеٽָоԲܣ·ʱʱ̶̿ڹŹϡ
ӦþͿˡҶǳһߵֵ󷨵ĹһЦ˵
ȻɽڵĴؿʼ𶯣·ڶ
ھɽȲԶƽԭϣһȺ۹ʿڳΪ׵ʮλʿһ磬ɱ졣
Ǽλͨ۹ʿǵ۷塣
һһâ˺һ谭
ǰһ󣬿λܾѾ׼ҶСĵ㡣һλʿĿϬؿǰɽȣ˵
һλʿһм󷨣ǾûʮλʿɵɱסһλҾͲдʵ
дʵҲڵڶˣߣȥΪλĴʿ𡣡һλʿ˵
һˣʱ棬ɱ󣬴һƬƵ籩ɽڵĴɱȥ
һɺһУݺݵش̽˿ܾĴ֮С
ʲô
ôô۹ʿ
ôˣ

ܾ±ˡ
ôҲ벻ҶǳȻλʿͨѶȺ۹ʿֱϡ
ǵԮˡ
֮УҶǳЦ
ȻûпЩ۹ʿǣǿֹͣ˹֪Щ۹ʿѾˡ
ǺǣúãھͿǹҧЦ
ɫŹֵ˵ǻҪлܾǶֹסúЩ۹ʿײϣܰȫ
Ҳ΢ЦܾǰʯͷԼĽˣﲻʹ죬ҲҰǷųȥΪһǳȥҲᱻ۹ʿŻơһʧȥǶǶ֣˵Щ۹ʿˡ
Ҫ۹ʿӦ𣿡ʵ
ҶǳЦҡͷҪЩ۹ʿǼɱɣʮλʿӣǵʵȿܾܾˣٳȥʰо֡
ѵǲ̸УҪ֪λʿɱġüЩġ
ûҶǳشЦô̸УЩ۹ʿǻſܾĻ𣿶ңܾҲҴǹۿǻ඼мɵǲ̸гɹġ
ϧû취Ҹҿ϶һսһܾʡЦ
ȴǻ˻֣¶һƬĻӳɽڵս档
һȺ۹ʿǣ̫ͬźϵسſܾĴ
Ҳڷһδεغ۹ʿǡ
սǳҡ


1251 ܾ
ľﵽ˵Σǿ󣬿ظӦ֮ͶӰҶǳǹۿ
ǹҧʵ̫ˬˡЦ
ҲЦܾݺǣǸ۹ʿŻɱҲֵǻɱˡ
۹ʿţΪʲôÿεùĶǡһֻ

ϿգܾͶӰֳɫضЩ϶󷨹۹ʿŭʲôʱ۹ʿţΪʲôҪң
ôʵǿ󣬺ˣһλʿ˵
ʱҪͶˡһλʿɱ˵ɱ۹ʿֻѪϴ񡣡
ܾһ㶣漴ŭȺƭˣǸʿɱģǿ˵Ҷǳɱģھҵ֮ڡ
ãɱ㣬һһλʿĮ˵
ǲŲſܾĻңܾ˵Σɱ˿ܾɱҶǳˡ
ȺԴ񡣡ܾŭ֪ȺʿǽͲˡ
۹ʿ̫ԵˣǸ㽲Ӳ͡
ûֻҪǶˣǾɱ㣬ôֱӣ͸ɣ
ɶ񣬾ȻСӸˡ
ܾɫѿ֪ԼҶǳˣǰ׳ˡ
Ϊһʦƽˣʲôʱ򱻱˸ˣ
ܾ־ŭ
ǳ谡
ƫƫڻܶҶǳǳ֣ҪҶǳǶ֣ʱҶǳȺ۹ʿӦϣĴҪƵˡ
ȴƵˣѵܹȺʿǽͣ˵ҶǳԼ
Щ۹ʿǻ˳ɱԼɡ
ܾɫԼﻢˣƺֻһ·ߣǾǴ۹ʿţȻԸҶǳ
ȺʿǷǳܾҲûжٰա
ңӮˣҲܾˣ²ٶԸҶǳˡ
ˣֻȴ۹ʿţΣʱӽǣԺıҶǳ塣
ܾ˼Ƭ̣ʱ˾ϡ
ȫ߶󣬿ʼ۹ʿˡ
һδοȴεĹ۹ʿʮλʿɫˡ
۹ʿŵֵ棬ûСӡ֣ԣǼ
¡¡
񱩣ʿŭ
սȻ˫ɱ
ʱ˭ҲǷгˣϾ˺üλʿˣû𶼽ˡ
ܾҲ᧿Σˣܵƻ
һȺӣԴ񣬱ƴˡ
ܾҲɱ۾侫Ѫ߶˼ޣڻ۹ʿŵɱ󣬽һλʿɱˡ
ȻһҲķ˴ô󳹵ױˡ
ɱһҪɱһһλʿŭ
Ȼһλʿʵǲܡ
˫ƴˣ󱻻ƣɱһλʿҲˡ
ٸ۹ʿھλʿĴ£ɱ˴֮С
ȴǵģһ˰벽һǧٸЩǿܾ¿ܡ
û󷨣ܾʵҲǳֲĿܴӭϣ۹ʿɱ
ʵϣܾǲϣ۹ʿɱģʱ޷ͣ֡
һλʿܾԸ֣ͣЩ۹ʿҲͣ֡
ǲҰǰһĻֻ
ҶǳЦ˵ˣҲʼɱɣǵʵʱҪ۹Щʿǵע⣬ÿܾȸƴһ
ף
Ц
֮£Ҷǳǿʼɱ¾ĵˣЩ۹ʿҲпܾĿܡ
ϧûдǵʵ̫ˣһڣͱ˾ųʵҶǳһ˶ܹɨЩˡ
ҶǳǶʵֳķѺܴնɱЩˡ
⵱ȻסܾЩ۹ʿȴ֪ҶǳʵûҶǳ˵£ǵУܾĴУϾһﶼѾɱһλʿˡ
Ⱥ
ܾ۹ʿǾȻСҶǳˣɵƿڴôͣЩʿ
۹ʿǣѾɱ۾
ҵĿܴ
ܾʹĲҺ
Ƭ֮䣬µĿܴѾСˡ
ŰٶĻ۰
Ű䣬һδλһؿˣлɱ޵壬Ƴɿܡ
һʧС룬֪²ָܻ
ȱЩܣ޷óּ󷨣ʵ


1252 ʰо
۹ʿŷǳǿǾλʿսֲ̫ˣÿ˶жնɱ벽ʵ
ܾĴҲʤ࣬һٶλ벽Ǿλ۹Ĵʿܵʮλ벽Χ
һǧλĿܣǾ͸ˣֱӾ۹ͨʿ롣
̫ˡ
žλʿնɱһ벽Ŀܣ۹ʿſʼռϷˡ
Ҷ˵˶ٱ飬Ҳ֣ǲǣΪʲôң
ܾŭ
µĿܴѾʧһˣȥͳ˹¼ҹˡ
ʱһˣҲͱȴʿǿһЩڻǿչ·ƽܵġ
ϧ۹ʿѾɱ۾ܾĽ͡
úúãǿҽʧٴҲҪһݺݵؽѵܾҧгݡ
ҲǺаԵˣҲҶǳˣʼƴˡ
䡭
ͻȻЩΧʿİ벽Ŀǣ׷Ա
Щǰ벽ĿܣͻȻԱǳֲ
Ÿʿͱشûü˺ܣܾɱˡ
ʵǿ󣬶ԸشĴʿܿͻɱһʿ
ңЩͨĿܣҲڳ۹ʿԱ
̫ˣЩĿԱըһ۹ʿѾشĴʿըˣҶǳĿɿڴ
ӣһǷӰЩûҶǳǿ¶Ҫ
һĿʦʵֲ̫ˡ
һǱ۵˵ھŹأδ²ʥʿϻѷɫҶǳ̾
뿴ȿܾ˴磬ۼǧǧһԱ˭ֵܵ
һԲۣѾʿˣͨʿֻʣ¼ʮˡսޱȡ
ܾ֮۹ʿʧ롣
ȻܾҲܣİ벽ĿܶԱˣͨĿܣҲֻʣһٶ
ʱĸ˵ĴʿΧ£ѾֻǿԱˡ
ܾˣܾˡ
ӣȺӣȻӡܾһߵֵλʿΧһŭ
û뵽۹ʿʧ˲أȻҪɱߡ
ôˣô㣿һλʿѪɱˡ
һΣʧ̫ˡ
ΪˣǸҪɱܾΪЩʿҲΪ۹ʿϴˢ衣
һȺ׳գû֮𣿡ָܾҶǳǱߴ
һλʿƳһҶǳǱߣ漴ԿܾߵֻҪǲɱ㣬ǾûϵǣԺеǻɱǡ
ȻΣЩ۹ʿǶҪɱܾ
һȺ׳գǵ»ڵġܾˣЩ۹ʿ
׼ܾóһʼ׼¿ڶ࣬Ȼҵ˲ٵ
׼һ޴Ĺųɽڣ͸ţ˿ؿΡ׳۵ĵڶǡ
Ҫˣ
е
ҶǳԼʵһȭǰ۹ʿȻȫ߶ɽȡ
ϳˡ
ҶǳЦһҪŹѾˣǷŹǣԺǻɱǡ
⻰˵ģ٣ʮǿ˵ĸǣȻ顣
̾˿ȻҶǳ˼Բû飬ôظġ
¡¡
ֲ˲˶档
һ˲䣬Щ۹ʿǣпܾȫɫ䡣
ôᡭҵʵȻ˰˳ɣܾһʱڸܵҶǳĿֲˡ
ǱȴʿҪǿһ֣Ȼ˰˳ʵֱֲ
ĸдĴʿ͸ӾˣΪǱ˾ųɰʵʣµһʵټǵƣͨĵˡ
ͻ֮ʹҵܶǿࡣ
ҶǳȻҲܵЩ˵ʵɵϲɫ
ȻʵǿҲǿ
⻹ֻôö֣Щ˳һܾ⣬Ҫˡ
ҶǳãԼӦвĸˣֻû޷ȷ
ɱɱǣˡЦ
Щһ̫ˣ۹ĴʿȻҸ׻ɱˡǿ˵ĸޱȣȻɱһλʿλʿѾˣǴʿ
ȻҶǳ̫ǿˣѵ˵ˡ
ӣһֲ̫ˡܾѾ˵ӣŹȥ
ϧѾҶǳˡ


1253 ڵĵڶ
ܾӲġ
ҶǳӺ׷ϿܾһЦ֮£ܾʵˣٶҲˡ
Ҷǳ˴Ԫһʼռ֮ٶȣԹھͬס
׾٣Ҷǳ׷˿ܾһȭҵѪɡ
ۣ
ܾݺݵˤڵϣؿڶҶǳһȭѿˣʵͲҶǳ˰˳ɣ͸ӲҶǳĶˡ
һȭҶǳˡ
ܾܵٽؿҶǳҶһҷĳ㣬Ժ
ȴЦŪܵĸ֣ʱֱӽһλģͲᱻԸˡ
ңܳûҶǳߣҵҶǳδһɱҶǳ
أ
λû꣬ͱҶǳһȭԴ
ǰܾɴ۾ƺҶǳȻɱ
Ҫ֪ǿܴʦֻҪõͳһǿչ·û⡣
Ҷǳȴᡣ
һ
ҶǳŵϿܾʬ壬һЦǰˣһ̫ˣȻΪУǾľ򡣡
ܾʬ壬ҶǳתȥɱЩ۹ʿǡ
ΪܾһЩҲֹͣ˶ʬ壬ǿ˵˸
ЩֳɵĿܣֻҪȥһ£Ժ߾ͻһˡ
ʱʣλʿʮͨʿҲ׼׼ڶǡ
ӵ𣿡
ҶǳЦץϵһ˸ǹЩȥ۹ʿǵıˣЩŵ۹ʿɱȥ
ৣ
ǹƿգ˺ѿ̶ļ졣
ŵ۹ʿǾֲѣƴţ֮£ǵٶ̫ˡ

ŲҺ
һλλ۹ʿҶǳͶǹ壬ڹǰ
еʬ嶼˹֮С

ڶǡ
͵һһҲһǿ֮ǣǳΰ׳ۣΡͬɽޱȾ޴
ʱǰһЩسʿųǰһţ˴Цš
һſˣҪ뿪ڶˡ
׳գлѰҵųǰ׳ա
۹ʿţʮλʿ淴·ڶأһɿֲЩǣ
Ҳ֪˭۹ʿţǵ졣
ԼĴˣûŪǿչ·͵ˣ
ڻǿչ·۹ʿΪУֱ

سʿЦŽ̸
ڻǿչ·£Ը˽۹ʿŵĿֲǳưԻǿչ·ǿܹ֮ķǳ١
˸ҵ۹ʿţǾΪ
ڼسʿ̾Щ˵ù֮ʣһӰӹ֮еݺݵˤڳǰ˵ʯ塣
ô£
һЩسǵʿ
һ̣ͫһš
Ϊһʬ壬һһ۹ʿŵʿʬ壬Ǳǹе
ҵ찡Ȼɱ۹ʿ
ǹǴӱ󶴴ģҪӽţȴ˸ɱˡ
Ƶ۹ʿߣ˵˭

سǵʿǶˡ
𾪵Ļں棬Ϊм۹ʿʬһ⣬˶
⵽ôˣ˭ôֲȻɱ¾۹ʿѵʥʿ𣿡
ʿ
Ķ˳ڵߣһЩ벽ǣ׷׼ǰۿ
˲䣬ˡ
˾Ȼڵڶɱ۹ʿҲ̫ˣֱǰδС
䣡
һʬˡ
һߴʿʬ壬ǰɴ۾ֺͲţһɾ

һľ
ǰš
˶ɴ۾ߴʿʬ壬ס˺š
˻
ãһ󵹳鿪
ţը˳ǰ
Ǵʿʬ壡
ҵ찡ʿˡ
Ⲩ֮е׳һʲô
Ҹоһɷ籩١
۹ʿžԲưոݵģһ꼴ϯǿչ·
ڶܸȤֱҵż񰡣Ѿþû˸Ҷ۹ʿŶˣһλǰҲ죬ȴ۹ʿŵһλʿɱˡ

ǰһƬ
ڴʱһŲӹڴ
˲䣬˶ڡ
һ޳Ӱӹ̤˳֮Ļһǿ־ͿֲѪ
ΧĿռ䶼ڲõڶڵ˶ںˡ
ڶǣ
Ҷǳ̧ͷҶϬĿ⣬ó¥ϵʿǶ֮ӡ
ɱôĴʿʿȻȻɢһ޵еѹ˸еѹ֡


1254 
ڶǳǰҶǳһ˱סڳˣʵҶǳµĴʿʬ̫ˡ



ź棬һλλǿ˵ĸ˳ǿҶǳг羴
һ˺ɨܺ۹ʿ뵽֡޵С
죬Ǹеܣܼ
߰ɣǣ
һҶǳ˵漴˵ڶǡ
ſΧ۵Ⱥ׷ÿһͨ
˵˭
ɱʿһ˰
Ҳֻǰ벽Σʵôôǿ

Χ۵۷׷ס
ŴӵڶڳԽԽ࣬ҶǳֺǿҲ𽥴ڶǡ
ʮλʿϢ𺳡
û֣Ҷǳ죬ȴûԸǿˡ
һЩԭǿ˵ˣЩ֮⣬д˳ǿˡ
һ
֪ҶǳɻȺҲ֪ô£ǿ˵Ĺôɣ·ȥؿǻԸء
ʱҶǳĸ⣬оһʮλ
Ҷǰ벽Ρ
۹ʿŰǸסˡҶǳ˵
˵ͷ˵վֻǲСҶǳʵҲֻǰ벽Ρ۹ʿһǹʥʿǴΣʿǴ۷Ĵڣλʥʿǻǿչ·һλ޵аεˣҲѹЩ˻Ầ£±ǣ
һȺС̤˻ǿչ·ˣûӣ봳ǿչ·ٲм
ҶǳֵҲã˶ûʲôôЩͨһҵŶŲסԺҪգհ벽Щͨĵǲɢɡ
ʵǿҲǱЩͨ˵ѾǼߣٶ඼ûá
ֻа벽У֮У벽ܹæ
ţҲã࣬á˵ͷЦ˵ԺǾ߾Ӣ·ߡ
ҶǳʵصĿ˺ʱʼ𣿡
ڵڶ˷ʱ䣬ȥأڹؿ֮еõܿΪ
ңһɱôʿ۹ʿſ϶Źǵģȵʵܵס۹ʿŵĸ֡
ҶǳԼڿԵס۹ʿŵʥʿʿͺѵֵˣԱ
λʥʿͱˡ
ǣܹﵽ硣
ԣҶǳҪʵ硣
¡Ӧ
ճԱ͸ϢճԱֹ˻С
ϾҶǳͬһ磬Ҿôս˷ǳΡ
ңҲﵽ˰벽ΣʵˣǿҲ˳ˣû˻᲻
ãϢ£֮ǼءҶǳ漴˵
˶׷׵ͷҶǳڣǲĴػΣա

µʱתۼ
ͬһһһ޴ĹųڳڣֻҪԸȥصˣԽС
Ҷǳ֮⣬δӵһǴˣûѡȥһЩڵڶǵˣѡȥ
ȻҶǳ֮⣬˶ǳǲȥأÿһδ֮󣬶ͣһʱ䣬Ϊ˾ʵ
ʵϣܶ˶׼ÿǳشϾŰ꣬Ȼȥأܹõʱ䡣
ȴˣԼʵǿһ㲻ȥء
ء
ŭ˺ѵء
زƽǿޣÿһǵΣкܶ벽
ңЩ޲ǵһģǳȺӵģֻ޾ۼģǧֻ޾ۼģһֻ޾ۼ
Ҷǳǿ˵ˣɱһֻٵ޶飬ͬʱⲨ޵ϳҵ˼ʮ
֣Щûãȴռ
ҶǳһУȻ˵˵صĵǷ񶼱Щ޸ռˣңԽޣǵϳ̺ĵԽࡣ
۾һ²пܣңţҲ׿ǡ
ʲôֱϳԿ֪ˡ
˽ǵͷ
ҵһǧֻ޾ۼĵطҶǳ֮£Щ֮У˰벽֮⣬ˡ
ʣµİ벽Ҳ׻ɱ
úⲨ޵ϳ֮ҵ˼ǧ


1255 ؿ
ȻĵЩػšϳеһѵҶǳϲ˵
Ҳ뵽ʲô˷ܵôؿڵΨһһ͵Ӧþϳ
ɱ
ûʲô˵ģҶǳһ˸޾ۼء
һӵֻ޵ľۼء
ޣ벽УνصŸҶⲨ֡
ȻҶǳʮ˳ȥˡ
¡¡
ûˣҶǳֱӷųԼǿֲĻΪһƬ𺣣ǰֻ޶ûˡ
ء
һЩ޲ҽš
ЩͨޣסֲĻ𣬾ͱ
ֻЩ벽ޣܿ尾Ҳסá
ǽ֮У̧־֮䣬׾ٵػɱһֻֻޣֱҪ̫ˡ
ֱڿв˰Ҳ̫ˡٹЦ
Ц˵ҶСһÿսɣȥԸ뿪ˡ
⻰ܶİĪ֮䡭һԶҧгݡ
Ҷǳ΢ЦſţֻҪסʣµĽǾˣҪֵġ
ܿ죬ʣµ޶ɱˣһ漴޵ϳȻ﷢˴͵
Ϲأɣʣµƽ֡ҶǳЦ˵
ҲûϾûҶǳڵĻǸòĵ
ңҶǳȫһ˴ǷɣǼֱ͸ǵġ
жǳмҲŷҶǳˡ
ھ
Ҷǳһʵ
һνص˵УҶǳһʵǿڴҲı˸ǡ
е֮˶ʵȻ׼һ򿪹ţǡ

ƣŴҴҡ
Ҷǳնعǣһ·ݺᣬɨ޵Уڻǿչ·ϴһκպ
ڴڼ䣬սһλλǿߣɱһλλʿŲɱ콾
Ѫ֮ĥ£ս֮
ǿҶǳ⼸֣쳹ǿչ·Ŵǳء
ҶǳԽԽʢܵעĿҲԽԽࡣ
Ϊ۹ʿŵԵʣԣûж˼ǿˡ
ҶǳµǿҲֻмʮ˶ѡ
Ȼȫǰ벽硣
УٵͶҶǳʮѾﵽ˰벽۷壬ʵ۹ʿŵĴʿ
ǵΪ֮ô죬ҲΪҶǳߣÿһδأܹõؿдڵĵ
ңÿһҶǳֻɣʣµɶǷ֡
˴󷽣Щʵ١

߹ء
Ҷǳһҵһ
һʵ
֮󣬱ΧҶǳΧĿϥĿҶǳ
ֱҶǳ֮żеʵôûͻ𣿡
ҲͶĵĿ⡣
ҶǳѾﵽ˰벽ļޣԶˡ
ʵϣΪ̫ĵָǣҶǳ̤˴硣
һ㣡
ҶǳȻҡҡͷȻûͻƣѾԵúˡ
ΪܹܵԼͻƲԶˡ
һأӦþ̤ˡҶǳ漴
ǻʲôھȥ߳ǣȻϽڰ˹ءߴٵ
׼򿪹ţ߳ǡ
߳ǣѾڻǿչ·ˣԳڵ˺٣ǿߡ
ˣǰ벽кܶ벽۷壬νǿߡ
쿴Ҷǳ
ǿ˵ˡ
ҶǳѾ򵽵߳ˣ֪ṳ̂硣

УҶǳǽ߳ǣǳضˡ
ΪЩ꣬Ҷǳս̫ҫˣһ·ɨ޵У߹أ·ϵߡ
¡¡
غȻ
תͷȥֻԶĿֵϣһжһֲϢֱ񷣬һ̫ŭ
۹ʿţ
һͨ۹ʿţΪΪ׵һλʿһɫսףֳֽɫǹʵ̫ҫˣͬ߹Ҳգ˫
۹ʿŵһλʥʿ˵Ҫǰڰ˳ǵģΪ֪ҶǳҪͣ
Ҷǳṳ̂磬ڽˡ
ɱ۹ʿôʿʥʿһɱ
ո𣬱Ҫ䣬ǣ̾Ϣ
˭˲õˡ

۷׷ס
ҶǳڵӣĹâɨȺڶ۹ʿǡ


1256 ʥʿ
ʥʿˣҶǳһμĸ֣ȻҲǴҶǳĲ߷
ڣҶǳһλĴǰ
䣡
ʥʿ߶̫߾ǹȫս׽䣬һ̫ͷųҵĹâ
һɴĿֲƣʱϱϯǳأһɾκˡ
ڳ˶е˼µѹ֣̲סˣҽӽʥʿ
ֻҶǳԭز˫֣ۿʥʿһ˵סеƣסǿ˳Ա
Ҷǳ
ʥʿһµ̫󣬶ʱҶǳǰԶͣŨüۣһ˫Ϭ񣬺ӥ۾һǣͬһ޵ս

Ҷǳ˵
ֻʥʿ壬ϾԷֻǳ̤ΣԼĵֵܹܡ
ϾЩҲǺôҶǳΪֹṳ̂Σʵǿࡣ
һڵڰ˹ն㣡
ʥʿĿҶǳϣȴǺƽ˵·һƽ飬˸ܵž޲ľ
Χ˶һȻǶʱףʥʿսģҪڵڰ˹նɱҶǳ
ʵ˶ԴԤϣϾҶǳɱô۹ʿ˴֮Ѿ޷⣬ֻһս
ֻû뵽һһλʥʿ֣˵۹ʿŶҶǳӡ
ϾһλԸһλ벽˵ȥЩʣǾҶǳʵǿ۹ʿſ²ԴС
ʱ㣡
ҶǳһʥʿսԼ
ǿȥ
ʥʿĿעҶǳȥûֹ
Ҷǰ׳գڳڣû˸Ҷ֡
Ϊ˶ֹȻصĳһɱǻһλ۷弶Ĵڡ
Ժ˾ˣǳصĳǳԽ˵εĴڣǸߵȼĴڡ
Ի½ֻһƷ˵أҲǵǿԿġ
ԣڳڣǹؾصĺá

߳ǣһҿջǿ˵ʱڴϢ
ôаǼһ𣿡֮󣬱㿴Ҷǳʵ
ָȻλʥʿ
ԣҲĿͶҶǳΪǵĹǣҶǳģǲŻġ
ڴĿ⣬Ҷǳ΢΢һЦгŵĹâɱеѶȡ
һ㶣ŷӦ
ɱʥʿеѶȣⷴ˼ǾоԵŴʥʿֻҪɱŻеѶȡ
ʱ˾ͷˡ
ֻҪܹʥʿǾʤˡ
Ͼһλ벽ܹһλѾһ漣һ˵ˡ
һصĵǲãȫ
ɨһۣȻڶҶǳ˵ʥʿһҲʿˣÿ̤硣
ԣ硣
ôĵҶЩ˼ˣһصĵȫɡ
˵Ĳֻǿˣǲܰȫ

ǿ˵ˣҲ֧
Ҷǰ׳գ֪ҶǳԽǲԽȫԺеǻõûҪһʱ
ҶǳЦǷģѾоͻڼһأһԽ
ҲҪŬˣ
ʵоɱôˣн𣿡
֮УΪߣֻ̫ʴˣǰоĶһЩˣ󷨡
ֱЩԵĵԽԽ࣬˵Ҫ£ʼоɱ
Ѿˡӭ˵Ŀ⣬˵պ߳ǣһʱһ飬ȷû֮󣬱㴫ǡ
ԶʱЦɱ㻹û˵ʲôأ
ӷ𣡡
̾ຣޱ߻ͷǰɱСຣ󡷡
ԣɵ
һЦؿ㻹̫ʴˣʲôͷǰ㲻ǻͷ
ûȻԻͷһǾͻڿຣ֮С͵
ˡ
ûʴˣȷһɱ
ҶǳҲڴ

ҶǳʥʿԼս߳ǣΪĿһսܶڵ߳Ƕߣ׼̤ڰ˹ˡ
ʵϣܹ߳ǵˣѾ˴ص׼ϾЩûĵųǲ߳ǵġ
ԣһεĵڰ˹أעи̤롣
߸º󣬵ڰ˹ؿһ޴Ĺţڵ߳ġ
һߣ̤С
Ⱥҫ۵ģҶǳʥʿǼһǰһ̤ڰ˹ء


1257 ս
ո̤ͨڰ˹صĹţҶǳ͸ܵһȵĻĿȥֻڰ˹ڵĿռ䣬ȻһƬ֮С
棬ǱĻ棬ǾŴ֮кպ̫¶ߵĻ档
ȥӴĵڰ˹أǾһ¯н߷տ
ڽ֮󣬶òų򣬵ֵ̫Ϯ
ΨҶǳ޶ԣ˫Ȼ̫
Ҷǳǿ˾Ŵںϳ̫𲻽û˺
үվ߰
һ£תͷҶǳЦ
Աߵٶ˽Ҷǳ֮Ҳ¶Цݡ

ҶǳŵشЦջǾ仰ɱһѶȶûˡ
˭뵽ڰ˹ؾȻ̫֮УֱǰҶǳѡ˶ս
ɱʥʿҶǳȥҿ鶹ײˡ
ֻ˵λʥʿ̫ùˡ
˿̣λʥʿûϵԼƣ߶Χ̫𣬸߾еǹңңָҶǳȵҶǳɣ
˹캳ء
һǿƣʥʿϯȥΧ̫𶼸ˡ
ò˵ĺǿ󣬱ϾһλͶ֮䣬лذܡ
ΧսȺΪҶǳ䶨ˣϾҶǳֻǰ벽Ҫ԰벽ΪԽܴǵʥʿϻǶû
ʥʿϻǣҲֻڴбֲܶѣѾˡ
һǸһ֮ɫ
ټЦȲһǵһμ
¡¡
ҶǳøʥʿϻֱӷųԼ򣬳ΧӳȥƬء
һ˲䣬Χ˶ˡ
Ŵʵ̫ˡ
ҲѹˣϾҶǳ֪˺٣ˣѾˡ
ڣֻ֪Ҷǳǿȴ֪ӵ˿µ
ֲǣڰ˹ڳޱߵ̫Щ̫Ҷǳٿʹ
ʥʿסʱЩ۹ʿǣȫɫ䣬һ¶Ȼ֮ɫг˲š
ãҵʵ˾ųɡ
ҲǱ˾ųɡ
ôôµ򣡡

۹ʿǾֲѡ
ʥʿɫ䣬Ϊս˰˳ɣ˳ɰֱţһλ
һλһλ벽˰˳ɣҪǴ˳ȥ˭ţ
ң⻹߶ЧĻ»ᱻֱųս
ŴһȻô̬ѹЩʿɱĸɸɾ
ʥʿŶҶǳޱȡ
ǵܹս㲻ˣʥʿǿߣҲֻǰսɶѡ
ǰˣŰ벽磬ܰս˰˳ɡ
ôһȵҶǳ˴ΣٶᱻҶǳնɱʿĶ֡
һΪδһʥʿĴС
ʥʿɱ⡣
ܵҶǳǱбҪ׶ɱţΪʥʿδ֡
ɱ
ʥʿӶеĽɫǹ˶ԡڽɫ֮УҶǳɱ
ΧϵĻӳңŨĽɫ棬ǳҫۡ
ͬʱʥʿϱʿԽԽֲչ˿־
һȻֱӾȼˡ
Ŀɿڴ𺳡
̾˹ϣʥʿ֪ȼûпܻҶǳġ
ߣȼҲ򲻹Ҷǳңֶܹãٲм
ҶǳѾ˳ȥɳֿȭΪﵽ˴徳磬ǿȱȵҪҲûбҪõˡ
ռȭ
ҶǳռԼȭͷ֮Уʹýɫȭͷҫ۶Ŀԣһɹɿֲܣͬɽһ㣬಻ӿӲʥʿеǹ
䣡
бըϣռŤµǽµĴأһ޴ʯͷ񷣬ըƬ
ˣ
ʥʿµ̫棬ҶǳˣסҶǳȭ
ȼɱս
ʥʿɫޱѿ
Ҷǳʵ𾪣ΪҶǳֻǱȴʿǿһ㣬ǺҶǳ֪֮ԼˣҴôס
ΪʹҶǳսҲ޽ӽΣԶԶЩʿ


1258 ޿
Ǵȼ֮սȻô࣬ѵҪ𣿡
ҶǳŶʥʿüͷ΢΢һ壬ʥʿȼ֮ʵĺǿʱڸɱԷ
ҪĻǾͻᱻΧս˸ˣܲܰЩȫɱ˰ɣ
Ȼȫʵֲɱ˴ħͷҲ
һһ¶򣬱Ȼᴫǿչ·ʱЩδĵ˶ᾯˡ
ƣҶǳϣھͱ¶Ͼʵܺɨǿչ·ʱһ޴ĵƣδֻкôûл
뵽˴ҶǳѸ侲ӶŽɫȭͷٴɱʥʿ
ܱ¶ҾͺǴҲƵȼһ޷ȼڡ
ҶǳЦš
һʩչռȭһߴʽϵغŶʥʿ
ʽǷǳķģ㹻̫ȫԺ޼ɵʩչʽ
ڵʵһʩչʽеռСŭӳĹȫһˡ
ʥʿȫʢʱڣ϶ںŭĹڱսԾͱҶǳġŭѹˡ
찡ҿ𣿡
ʥʿȻҶǳ
ҶǳʵȻǿ󣿡
̫ˡ
һ漣
ʥʿϻʵ괦ڰ벽磬ҲûֿµսѲһԺᳬԽʥʿϻʡ
ⲻ˵Ͼ˴磬˭֪ܱܲ־սǿԿ϶ԺؽʥʿϻǸĸ֡
ǻǿչ·Ҫһ޵а

Χ˶ˣΪǿʥʿҶǳĹ£һˣǶ֡
ǿʥʿһλĴȴһλ벽ʵ̫ˡ
ĿãǾԲʵ
ⲻܣ
ʥʿô᲻

ǹս𾪣Щ۹ʿǶţ޵еʥʿȻһ벽
ٺ٣ʥʿҲˣˣҲɡЦɱ
ǿ˵˸ߣɿຣ󣬳Щ۹ʿɱ
Щ۹ʿǶǿǰ벽мʮλʿĴڡ
ǵǳֲȴǳΪǵս˾ųɡ
ʣһսǣڶ࣬ɱ˿ຣ֮Уնɱ

ʥʿң
۹ʿŲŹǵġ
ʥʿ˻Ǳѩ޵ġ

۹ʿǲҺѡ
ս˶亹εΣôǿ۹ʿţȻǿ˵˸ɱƬײ
Щһȥᱻɱ
һЩСˣټսˣѡ뿪
ˣҲǿʾãʾԼ۹ʿûϵ
֮ǿ˵Ŀֲڳޱѹ֡
ԶλѹʥʿҶǳͬһΡɽѹͷֱֻӡ
Ҷǳ㾹ɱǣ
ʥʿǱߴĲҺתͷһ۾ﶼһƬѪ졣ΪµЩʿǣڿຣ֮в
ʤΪΪܣҰˣһ𣿡Ҷǳ˵ڵˣ顣
ʥʿɫһޱȣҧŭ˻Ҷǳ۹ʿǿչ·ô꣬û˿ս˲УҲУ͵ʿնɡ
ڴ֮ǰȥɡҶǳ߶ʽһ޴Ļ飬ʥʿݺݵغ
ۣ
ʥʿѪɣɫһ䣬ʱսȼִＫˣȥ޷ȼˡ
һ޷ȼսͻᱻ˰˳ɣʱ͸ӲҶǳĶˡ
ӣ
ʥʿҪҶǳĿֲǱʥʿϵתܡ
ӵ𣿡
ҶǳЦһ·׷ɱʥʿ
֮УʥʿʵˣٶҲˣôܱλԪһٶȸ죿
һ·׷ɱʥʿ޷Ҷǳоȼ𽥵ִＫޣʥʿһƬ
û뵽Լһһλ벽ϻǿնɱ˲ʣһλ벽ɱʵڲİ
ңõȴս֮ΪҶǳ̤ʯ춨Ҷǳ޵
ԺҶǳ֮ʱṳ̋ʯˣᱻ˳Ц¡
ǳ谡
ʥʿвʵŭš


1259 
ͣ
ҵĵ񷣬ʥʿնɱĻ֮У̫ĸ£ʥʿʬڻˡ
Զս˽Ǵ֮УһλǿĵȻɱˣɱˣֻһ벽
һɴ籩ؽŹʮ˲ǿչ·ҪΪ֮𶯡
һıҪˡ
ߣȥѰҵ񿴵ҶǳնɱʥʿɵôЦ
һǿ˵ĳԱҲʿǣܲѡ
ǾȻʥʿ۹ʿţɱһλʥʿֱһ漣
ǰҶǳһ̶оҶǳôΰ˲ò
߰ɣ
ҶǳҲ˵
ջ򣬴߶һ˿𣬹̫ͨ
̫Ǵӻ浮ģԴ˵ص̫ڽӵ֮󣬱ϷһϢ
˲䣬Ҷǳ֪ڰ˹صλˡ
Ǹ
Ҷǳкˣǰȥ
ؿʵѵ֪λã
ҶǳͷЦѵʲô̫ڰ˹ض鲼̫̫Ҳ֪λá
ԻȻ򣺡ԭˣĻڣ̫ҲֻܳΪǵĸء
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦ˭뵽鲼ֻ̫ҪڵĵطֻҪлڵĵطҵء
һ־Եţӵл˵ǻ֮ҲΪ֮ΪеĻ涼Ǵӻ֮ġ
ڰ˹ҲǾԵƽ淴ǳΣգȵ߹ضҪΣࡣ
ΪĻޣǵߴͬɽǵǳֲԺǳȫ̫۶ɣʵǿޱȡ
ǿ˼룬ǵĿຣ󶼽֧ŲסˣΪԵ޾ĻޣЩ޻ǰ벽
ֲ̫ˣôֲĵطЩһôɹģٲɵࡣ
ҡͷǵڰ˹صеطôΣգطӦûᰲȫһЩΪӽԲŻôĵˡ
ҶǳǼֲסʱųĿǰһ޴Ļɽ˵ԶˣӦþǰɽ֮С
ֵȻ
ԣһܡ
Ҷǳ֮£ЩǶ¶־֮ɫϾ̫۶ɣη
ңǵĿǣǵ˽ųɾţʣµһ΢֮׾ٵնɱˡ
ðҸоԽԽ벻ˣֻҪ棬Ҷеսһ̾
֮ǰѵֵĻޣڱ񿳹вһնɱǰķԱȣʵп
ǿ˵ҲͬУҲֻǰ벽ԵȻǿ˶٣֮Уȴܹնɱޣˬ뿪ˡ
ֻ侲˵ӷվҶǳǲһζȻһһҶǳƾеĶ֣ǾͻΪˡ
ҲŬȡ̤硣ô£ȻղҲֻǸпһ°ˡ
˵֮䣬Ѿһ·ɱǰɽǰǵʵôľڣڸܵ˵Ĵڡ
ôһҶСΪˡЦ˵
ҶǳȴɫصؿǰĴɽ侲˵˺Сĵ㣬һһ
һ
һ㶡
һ̣Ǿ֪Ҷǳ˵Ĵһʲôˡ
𣡡
ŭӻɽ洫޾ҽȵ̫ȼ񷣬һֻ޴ƣӻɽ˳
𾪵ĿУһȫ̫۶ĻԳӻɽ˳ߴɣ綥صľˣɽСʯͷһ

ǿ˵ɫ䣬ǸܵһǿϢȫ֮ǰʥʿѷɫǿһ֡
ǵɴ۾𾪵񣬴̫֮еһ񡣡
񣬶һǺ˫ϾͿԳݡ
û뵽ܹ￴ͬ࣬㻹Ǻ˫⡣
Գ￴ܿ񱩣Ȼ侲ظ˵ȫ֮ǰЩһûǡ


1260 
ҶǳĿصضǰĻԳԷû϶֣Ҳûг֣Ǳ־衣
ò׼һͬ࣬еУɵʵλֵܣҽ񣬲֪ôƺ
Գﵭ˵ҶǴ֮е޸ĸʲôֱ֣ӽһӾˡ
ԭǻֵܡֱּ̫ˣԼĲ̫ԶˣȻҲֻ̭һ£ϾԷʵԼǿˡ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ʵʻֵܣ֪ôڴ˵أѵҲҵģ
ĻֻܴһˣϾΪҶǳ磬Ҳܷĵ
ϻҡҡͷҺǲһҲǿչ·ģұǻ½һǱһϵĴץġȻҲǿҵģǰҴӵ˴ΣΪصڰ˹أֱʮꡣ
ʮ꣡
ԾҶǳҲ¶ŵĿ⣬ƿ׳һǰӡ
ð£ȡһΣ⿴ƺܲ㰡
ƺҶǳ˵Ŀ⣬ЦǲΪҺɵ
ҶǳڨڨһЦǵȻôΪܲܵ˼ҵ˵˼ɵɡ
εֵܣʮʱ䣬ӦԽ磬ΪҪأ
ʮһΣΪô𣿡ӳǿõöˣϰߣǿ֪Ʒڻգֹ¼ҹ˵񣬸ԼޣʮҲδؿҴС
Ȼ½ĵϡ٣
٣ҡҡͷ漴ߵΣЩѳţɢǸõܹ֮ڻǿչ·濴ôҲЩ棬һĥǣһǡ
Ӽ˵Ȱһ䣬Щ۹ⶼܸߣǾԵţǸ۵ġԣմ˻ǿչ·ҲδػᱻǿУÿδǿչ·ôˣܹǿеҲһ˶ѡԣǻڻǿչ·ʱ򣬶ĵʵ
ԣʱȻ
æллֵָ㡣
Ҳѵÿͬ࣬һ¡Ӱ˰֣˵Ҳ֪ǵ⣬ҵΣдﶢţҲܷҪõĵǾֻܴҡңǲˮġ
ҶǳԣֵܣҶĳ͵ˡ
һɣҸǰ󷨵ʱ䡣һЦһȺ벽ٶ࣬
ԣɵݸһЦλǺܲģϧá
ҶǳЦ˵ֵܣˣһ˾ˡ
ӶҶǳߵһڻ½һЩǿȺ˿Ժ㡣
ҶǳҲ΢΢Цͽ̡
һֲ̣ӳƬشǡ
˷׷׺ˣⲻǵսǲҪ
ӱ棬ʱоԼʵڼ½ĿɿڴؿҶǳŵࣿྐྵȻƿػôоҪ񡣡
ֵܣˡҶǳЦЦӶռȭɱ˹
ӸӦһԼڵʵɵǻ𣬶ҵս߳ɣʹֻʣսһҲһ벽Կġ
˵գ̧ƺҪһƾѹסҶǳ
Ȼ͹ҶǳսҶǳȭͷϱĿֲܣֱӻ˻ӵľƣ˶ɳȥˡ
ôܣ
Ӿ޴ڵϣ̧ͷЩŵصҶǳȻ޽ӽˡ
ֵܣʵҲǿһĴҪࡣҶǳѾʥʿˣλӱʥʿǿˡ
СˣҪˣСġտտߴҶǳɱ
䣡
Уϵر졣
Ҷǳͻӵÿһײ캳أǿֲǺȻɫ䣬Ǵս֮УԻᱻɱ
һʵʥʿҪֲûȼءپ̾
۾˵ǱʥʿҪǿĶ࣬ɱƣҶǳĶ֡


1261 ŵһ
ĺǿ˵һǿչ·㱻λǿ˴磬ڴ˵ô꣬ʵȻһĴǿ
ҶǳãӵʵѾӽ۷ˣֻ۹ʿŵʿ΢ѷɫһЩ
лӵֶ̫ҶǳûЧҶǳ޷
¡¡
ʱҶǳѹŻӴȻ˺ԻûжôȴʵʵڵռϷ硣
Ҷǳ׼ȥʱ򣬻ӺȻͣˣסְɣˡ
Ҷǳһ㶣ɻؿҵĹ˲٣ΪҪ䣿
οӻûȼأԻӵʵһȼ¾ҲֻԷƴƾС
ʲôЦԩ޳ΪʲôҪƴܹѹң˵ǿҲûзˮҲΥءҡͷЦ
ɽЩֲã֮иɵۿţ߰ɡ
οͬڣҶǳҲ˳ۡ
лֵܣҶǳԶʱм
֪Ȼ˵ĲӲǻһò
ȥɣȥɣҲ޷ãôÿɵۿţʵƵذ˰֡
ҶǳʵֵܣЩǲǾͽˣ
ˣҡҡͷЩﻹŪһĥºˡ
ҶǳҲԣһôܵȵõ
ǿչ·£֪ж˴ǰŹأֻһߵͱǰ˸ˡ
ӱӣҶǳɽھҲ»͵Ϯôһھһ
ΧŻӣ½ϾѵһλԻ飬ǵȻҪ
ֵܣ˵˵½£ʲôӣЩǿʲôǿߣ֮ɫ
εʵ֪ҲǺܶ࣬Ϊ½ޱߣЩǿϲץԴӵ󣬱һֱƫƧĵط
㵵ץƳ
̾ȻģЩǿƳ֮󣬶Ǽɵ˵ǻ᲻ץǡ
ɶ񣡡ʱŭϾҲ
ӿѵҲҪСģ˫Ƿǳģһȥ˻½ץǿ߻ࡣԣȰһɽղСӾͲ츳ǿ˵ᱻЩأߣܱ֤ȫ
üͷΪݺµԶǿߣСһҶǳߣʵ޷ܡ
ڻǿչ·棬ҲֻǹͬϾݣǳ뿪ǰ½
ô꣬ȻҪɣ׼ǰ½󣬱ҶǳǷֱһ˶Դ
ڿ񣬶ڻ½ƺǳΣա
ֵܣٱ֪һЩ½˵˵¡ٿɫÿæתƻ⡣
ӻһ£ſ˵Ҹ˵һ˵½ɣǻ½鶼֪飬˵ǻ½ԭǻһ½̫ʱʱܵħ֣һսǳң磬նǿ䣬ֱǻĩա
½ҲǸʱ򱻴֧飬ԭһ½Ƭ˵Ļ½ʵƬеһСƬѣƬڻ绹֪жٸ
ƬҲǳӴ󣬱ǵĴ粻֪˶ٱ

ŻӵĻǶǳ𺳣Ϊռ֮صĻ½Ȼԭ½һСƬôԭĻ½жôӴ
̲סʵֵܣ˵Ļʲôط
ھڻ簡˼Ƭ̣Ž͵ô˵ɣڵһǳô޼ʵǿա
Ƕʱˣԭǻ磬ڻ磬һҲֻǲ׺һڣֵһᡣ
ˣֵܣղŲ˵̫ʱʱħǻһսӮ𣿡ʵ
ӷ˷۵ϻӮˣڻܻȺħħҪǻġ˵һսǻǿ䣬̫ʱˣͷǵɱħۣ貵ĵʢ
λۿ϶ǿ󡣡ٲɵó羴
ƲⲻǷϻλۺųŵһۣŽδû˱ǿ磬ǻ½е۵񣬸ÿ궼ҪһΣʾ
Ǹ̾Ǿĳɹ


1262 
ʱڲ֪Ծţǳڻ½Ĵ˵ʱɽҶǳѾ˴ĵΪѾﵽ˰벽ļޡ
Ҫˡ
ȹ̵ҽ֮УҶǳһǿϢȻϱɽˡ
ҽڷڣ̫ӳҶǳӻ֮ڿնڰУһصս
𾪲ѣ׷תͷҶǳ
ȻԷУ
𾪣Ŀռѹǳ󣬼ͨĴɲֻдﵽ۷徳磬ܷһŸոսѵʵ
뵽Լ֮ǰҶǳܣҶǳпܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
̫ˣС̤˴硣Ц
ǿ˵Ҳ˷ܣڸҶǳһģҶǳԽǿڻǿչ·ҲԽȫ
޵ˣʿҲ޾ˡЦ
ҲЦ˵ǿչ·Ҳʥʿϻʵ˱ǿˡ
¡¡
ҶǳϱԽԽֲϯڰ˹أеߣеľ
һȻֲֿʵ˵ܹЩע⡣Ӿ̾
ʱеҶǳڸԼڵ
֮û٣Ǵ壬ڵȴ֮࣬ǰֱͬն
Ҷǳţھ㲻׾ٵػʥʿֻնɱʥʿ
ǿĸоҶǳǳ˷ܣʵ
ڳΪˡ
ҶǳЦݡ
װǿչ·ô꣬˰˹أǿУնɱһλ硣
ܵԼӵеҶǳ֮ǰĥ¶ֵõġ
Ҫлǿչ·翿Լޣǲôġ
ı£½Ž˴硣
ҶǳԼɶˡ
ҶСӣоô
Ȼ
ҶǳЦ˵ǿޱȵǿ󡣡
ǿ˵˶ʱЦ
һǫҶǳ˵ǿǾĺǿˡ
۹ʿҲ͸еˡ
ʣһЩǿɣҶǳ漴˵
Է׷ǰھ
ٴһʵﵽʲôزҶ򡣡ЩȲضǰҶǳ˵
Ȼܶûн֮ǰҶǳ˵ˡ
ֻǺҶǳʵ˶١
ã
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲ֪Լڵʵﵽʲôز
䣡
ԣֱӻӶȭͷɱ˹û˿ϻһްԣѹ硣
䣡
Ҷǳû˿˱ܣֱӻӶռȭӭȥӼҲɱնˡ
ѿҽŰ̫
ŵŵţ
ӾȻҶǳƵòˣǸߴȻסҶǳĹѹˡ
Ҷǳսû֣ʵѾѹˡ
ھûдﵽ۷徳磬ҲԶˡ
ǿֲûǿȴһôǿսӵսڻ½ǿˡ
ǿţ
Ҷǳһʱסˡ
ս½һ·Ƕŵģһǵһš
ԣˣڻ½ƺкܶ࣬ǿţ̫˼ˡ
йʵѾܲˡ
ӿҶǳɫʱ֪Ҷǳ뷨˵½ޱߣؾţοصšҪ֪ЩصţǱеţһôŻһãôҲͲֵǮˣûҫ۵츳Ͳˡ
Ҷǳˣ츳Уǻ½̫ˣҶţǾͶˡ
˵ħƴ½۷ǿߣڻǿչ·ֻײ㣬ȼĲࡣ
½һߵȼ硣
㻹ãһƾ㼴ȥ½ҲһСš˵
Сţ
ҶǳһЦ⻹ǹƵģҲ˶
ж֣ûж֡
½Ŷ࣬ôŻж
Ҷǳƺо˾ΥѪڡ


1263 ȼ
ûмսԼĿǰս֮Ҷǳӱˣڵϻ̸ཻ
ڱսͽӽ۷壬һʹ֮󣬿´۷弶ǿҲҵĶֻ֣ǲ֪ʥʿϻжǿ
Ҷǳ뵽
ǿչ·Ѿвˣ֪۹ʿŵʥʿͨʿǴ۷塣
ǶʥʿϻĴڣ
˵Ѿڴдﵽ˼ޣ޵ˣ˴˲಻ʥʿϻ˭Ҳκβ˭
Ҳ˵ѾܹԽսεǿˡ
ȻҲ˵ǰ벽
Կ϶Ӧṳ̂ΣΪǿչ·ǲڵģ˭ҪﵽΣôϾͻᱻ͵½ȥ
ֻҪǴﵽ磬Ҿ޾ǡ
ҶǳԼںġ
Էսʥʿϻʻʣ¶ʵҶǳٿԱˡ
ǹҪһʱ
ҶǳӦһǵתͷԻʵֵܣŻʱ䣬˵˵½֪Ŷôǿ𣿡
ΪţȻŸȤ
ο˵ֻǿţЩ
ҲҶǳϾ˭ӵһţ˵ǿƶ
ҲҶǳ˼Ц˵ĵط½ҲͲ׺һڡһЩǿ˵ڻ½ãһ츳ѪǿĿֲǻ½һеš
һǵ
Ҷǳһʱסˡ
ں뱬ֿڣ£˱ˡ
һˣô꣬˶ĥѣ˶Σ簡
˼ҴӶǵôȣ
˼һ±ǴǿĴڡ
ʵû취ȡ
ҶǳɵÿЦֵܣ˵ʲôǻ½ߵļ𣿡
ӵͷ½ĵȼΪս񡢵ʥˡ񡣡
Ӽ˵սʮǣ֪ģ磬һΪСʹ󣬼СʹСʹСʹ
ʥ˺أҶǳʵ
ҡͷͿԳưһˣʥԳ棬Ǳޣܹ֪绹ʲô֡ǣֻҪﵽ񾳽磬ܴϣ硣ԣڻ½ϵĴڣÿһǳֲԺһҪǡ
Ҷǳ۾һ
֪Ҫﵽʲôȥˡ
񣬻½ǿߡ
һ̣Ҷǳװжô߹ˣǽԻǿǿֲ
ҶǳûйڿԿĿꡣ
񣬱Ŀꡣ

úѾˡ
Ҷǳӻָ𣺡ֵܣҪˣԺԵټ
Ҳ׷׸Ӹ
ӻ˻ֵףǺˣǻ½Եپۡ
Ҷǳ漴׼һ򿪹ţڰ˳ǡ
ڰ˳ǣҶǳǵ֮ǰѾ֮ˡ
ΪѾ˴ӵڰ˹سˣһҶǳնɱʥʿϢˡ
һҶǳնɱʥʿ԰벽Խնɱս̫ҫˡ
ڰ˳ǵ߶ˡ
λϡٵĴе𺳣ǱûҶǳ벽˵Ҷǳս֮󣬾ԼûбҪǲҪǿˡ
Ҷǳǽڰ˳Ǻܵ˵Ĺע
ûԸǿˡ
ȻҶ֪һ۹ʿſ϶ҪɳʿˣҶǳܹŹȥ˵
٣ôû˿Եסʿ
Ǵ۷弶Ĵڣʥʿϻʵ޵а֮⣬ڻǿչ·ǿĴڡ
Ҷǳֻеסʿϻչ·۷ǿߡ
ڰ˳ǻְǿ̽ءЦ˵
ֻ˵ҶǳӰԽԽˣսǣͱ˸ˡ
ҶǳЦ߰ɣȥҸջס¡
ţ˵ͷ漴ֵ˵ôΪڰ벽ΣѵҪ𣿡
˵ܹʵ;ʵҶǳЦ
һЦãǸǿչ·ʱ㶼Ѿ޵ˣʲô
ʲô޵УҪ˵һûаմʥʿϻʡҶǳҡͷûмǿߣҲ˵ԼӮ
ŵڣҾͲǻܴ㡣ˣҪʵʵɣֻǲ֪˭ᵹù
һԵЦ˵ϣڰ˳ǵļܹ۹һЩȡ衣
˵֮䣬Ѿһҿջס¡
ûǴãһǿϢһְԵ̬ɨ


1264 Ů

վ
ǶѾﵽʿ̶ֳȣܹǼɵģҲǴˡ
ҶǳڣҲ塣
ңǲֵġ
һŮˣ
Ҷǳ̽ֻԶĽֵϣһλһŮӣȻѾǴ磬ʲס
ֻǴŮĿİԵƵһɨҶǳˣһ߸ϵ̬
˭Ҷǳ
Щĵʵͺһˡ
Ƕһ󷴸УʥʿҶǳɱˣһʲôŵġ
Ҷǳ˵Ҿǡ
ŮӵĿ䵽ҶǳϣмҲʲôһ㣬һǲʲôıֶΰʥʿȻƾһ벽ǲԽɱʥʿģҼҹүҲ
̲סҹүҹү˭ʥʿϻʣ
죡
ŮӺһԵĿޱ֮۳һ֮ն
һ䣬ов
أ
Ҷǳ˻֣Ǳ֮ضǰŮӣڳڶ֣ĵӺܴ󰡡
Σ
ŮһȻ̧ͷߵ˲ڳڶ֣ҲУҼҹүǻ½һλã»ǿչ·ĳҲҪӡ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ͻһ̸֮ǵȻ֪ʲô
֮֮ϲ
ǿߣڻ½ܹưһˡ
û뵽Ůӵͷôѹôţҿֻ̬λ֮ӵŮѡ
ҹүţƣʲôϵûµĻˡ㡣Ҷǳ˵
Ů俴Ҷǳ˵ҽ𽣬ιҼС츳ΣڿҲǿȥ
ŶǳɿޡҶǳ˵
ߵҼҹүǲԶˣҼҹү֮ӣѪǿǿչ·Ҳʥʿϻʵȼ˿⡣
Ҷǳ˵ǣҹүǿûʲôϵ˵꣬תȥ
վס
һҶǳıӰ˵Ȱʶ㣬Ѿ۹ʿţֻмҼҹү£ܱסҪҪ
ǶʱˣŮǸҹүµģȻ̫ˣΪҹү޵˰
ʶΣ
Ҷǳת𽣬һ˫ڵ貵⣬ǿ֮Ϊһңңն𽡣
ৣ
һ࣬ȴӦˣϾһλ
Ӧһȴ޷ֵ
ʲôֶΣ޷ֵ
ŵŵţ
𽲻ϵغˣ˵ذ壬ɫһףһѪ
ŵصҶǳʲôʽҶҳ֣ˣʿɱ㣬ǼҹүҲҪɱ㡣
ҵţҶǳ˵ͬʱҲˣֱͷųڰ˳ǡ
ʱڰ˳ڵˣܵһǿš
һо
ܵҶǳǿɫʱ䣬Ӳ̤˴磬ҲҼҹүĶ֣ҵš
ЩǱˡ
Ҷǳصջͷųǿƣû˸ˡ
ЩļµղžȻڳڶ֣³ͷ´һҪƣ
ҶǳЦȶֵģôţҹƵڰ˳ǵĳҲ˳ۣҶ֣λƻܸ˰ɡȻҲֻǸһѵֲɱ
ⶼĲ²⣬̫ðˣ´βҪٸˡȰ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦȵ˵ھųǣǾȥʮ˲ûκιǾͲҪ˼Щˡ
˵ͷ
̾Ϣ۹ʿûлûнҪһ֮ˡ
վҪ˶ʼɵģҶǳʱٲ鷳ġЦ
վ˵ҳȥһ֮ӣϾ֪֪˷ܰս
Ҳȥһ뿪ˡ
Ҷǳľ
֮ǰҲҶǳʩչĽǳǿ̾һ֮ʣľô꣬ĥһЩʽû򹥻ʽ
ҶǳЦʴȣȻҵռҲйϵĽȻ⣬Ҳռһ֡
ţ򽣹ڣŽǱޡ˵ͷ޵
˽ţҶǳľﵽ˵۷壬ľﵽ˵㡣
ĵãҶǳջܴԼľӦþҪˡ
ʱĽؽһ¥


1265 ɾ
ٺܿͻˣôҶǳЩȣô죿
Ц˵ǼһţƣҸ˾ܴϢ
ҶǳȻ򣬵ȷ֮ӣӦǺţƲŶԡ
ǸŮСӣһλ۷弶ǿߣò˫ȫڻǿչ·ܴ󡣡
Ա˵Ĺүﳤգǻ½һλѪ˵ˣһ˽ӣ˼Ѫǿʵʥʿϻʲ
̾ţƣٲҲ٣½̫ˣоѹô󡣡
ҶǳЦһ£Ѿӻ˵ˣţڻ½塣
˼Ƭ̣ҶǳʵǸﳤʲôǿ𣿱ʱǱΧ
Ӧòᣡ
ҡͷǸŮԵʵﳤպͷӵķǲģһɾ´ûѹˣ³˼ٸ֮⣬ûˡ
ٵͷ˵Ҫʮ˲ˣҹ£ģǸŮ˼
ҶǳЦһɾ»ǲ
ţǴ̽ϢΪ˻ǺɵģʥʿϻԵ
˵ʵѾʮ˲ĹעβǷ淴ʮ˲£㣬ϻҲɳǿ߹ȻʥʿȻҲҪɱ㡣
֮ڵĵھųǿ϶֣Ҫɱ㣬£㣬ѾΪһ籩ˡЦ
ҶǳŵǾ÷籩ĸһЩɣ֮󣬶ʱ֮ڣӦû˸ǵ鷳ˡ
ҪɱˡǺЦ
̾ϢúõĴ·Щǡ
̫ʴˣ˵ĵطͻ޷ġϵ
Ҷǳ˰֣ҶȥɣȵھŹؿϳ
һǿ˵˶ʱ

ڰ˳ǣ߶̸Ҷǳ
̽Ҷ֪ҶǳΪˡ
ûн֮ǰܻɱڽ֮Ҷǳжǿ
˶ܺ棬ܲܵסʿܲʥʿϻǵѹ𣬳Ϊһµ޵а

ջУҶǳϥ
һĲɣھŹؿʱ䣬ȴС
ϥĿ
ޱ޼ʵĴ棬Ҷǳѵռһ˿Ƥëš
ĲǳѣҪޱ޼ʴ֮ҵԼĴǷǳļѡ
ҶǳҲǰѴԪһԲ磬ͨޱߵĴԪ֮˿ռһ˿Ƥë
ȻˣҶǳҪռҲǳѣΪռ̫ˣ˴Ԫһ
ҶǳҪһһ͸ռעһʱ䡣
ϧûе
Ҷǳһ̾
ǳ棬ͨԾ׼֮ҵռֱӲֱֱӲմ𰸴⣬ٶȻܶࡣ
û˵ҶǳоԼٶܶࡣ
ֵ˵Ĳ֪֮УǶѾϰõҶǳЩԳЦЦ
ڻǿչ·ǻܵõһȥ֮޷Щǿ¾û취õˡ
Żڻǿչ·һЩΪܹﵽ磬ֻСȥ˻½ҲԱ֮
Ҷǳ뵽
ҶǳŬǿ˵ҲΪǴӻ֪˻½ĺֲС˳Ķ
Ҷǳ·ҵ˵Լ뿪һ½ĸоͷʼʮ㡣

ʱ䣬ҶǳǶ֮жɹʵڰ˳ǵҲˣϾڻǿչ·ɱû
¡¡
ھŹؿʱһǿ̤żᶨĲ޴Ĺڡ
ҶǳҲǿ˵˽ȥһ·ǳΪ㣬νĿ
Ҷǳƽ
Ƿ豹棬ƽƽһսǾͬЦ졣
ܹڰ벽ɱһλǱ֮ʥʿϻ˿
Ҫ֪˵Ѿʿ淴ʮ˲֮һս
ǿȥھųǰɣⳡ۷֮սҿɲ

˵۷׷֮Уǿ˵˽˵ھŹأһɳѾõĺսǺǰһλλǿľս⡣
Ҷǳ۾΢΢ȣһϵսˣгһռͨĵģ֪ͨ
˵ȻûдھŹرս
һϵ߿˵


1266 ս
Ҷǳ΢΢תͷȥǸϵ߷ǳǿһλʵʥʿѷɫҶǳҲ΢ЦŵͷӦﲩȻҶ
ѿˡҶǳ΢΢ͷԽԽǿҲԽԽ
Ͼÿ˶ʥʿĴɽҲûаﳤĿɽ
Ҷǳ԰벽Ϊɱʥʿ󣬻ǿչ·ǿ֪߱ʥʿϻʵ⣬Ѿû˿ѹλ½콾ˡ
һ˶ԴҶǳҲͿ֣ҵ
Ҷڰ˳ǲãӦò֪սɡﲩȻҲҪҶǳΪҶǳ͵еЩռͨǶͨģҲǽǿչ·ֻֻͨдǿߣڽǿչ·ʱ򣬲ŻᱻֱӴ͵ھŹءЩûдﵽߣֻܴӵһؿʼһ
Ҷǳ˵ͷѾ˵ˣû뵽ЩȻķʽ
ҲΪ˱ʵµĵϾԴͨĵͰ벽ѷɫ̫ˡһƶ֮ܽɨǾͲϻǿչ·ڵĿˡ
ﲩȻ˵ս絽Ĵϣãͨʱ򣬲̫Ĵ
̫ࣿ
ӦûôֵǮɣǻ½˵ҪڴΪĺѣÿ˶ںϸԴ
Ǻǣѣˣޱߣ֪жٸҿԸ㣬͵һϵǧϵҲ֪ж١ﲩȻЦ˵
񣺡
Ҷǳ̾ϣһܹǿգ硣
ǺǣҶ츳ǿ󣬿϶һġﲩȻЦ˵ﵽ磬Ϳ԰õˣǻǿչ·λ֮Ӱﳤգһλǿյʱһ˽ӡ
ǺЦλһλ֮˰
죬үҪ𣿡һĺǳλӵŮˣȻĻһ˫ӵ
ҶǳԱߣҲЦ˵ǿޣɲ¡˵˼֪жٸŮأΪǵ˻½ܱ˼ҽܣ֪ʲôط˽ӵ³̫áٺ٣ȥ˻½λŮɲǿʱǿ»£Ȱ㻹ĸĵԵԸ񣬷һᱻɱ
ס죡
ɫһ䣬漴Ȼŭֱӳһѹֲ춯أƬնѹ÷顣
ﲩȻ΢΢ɫ䣬æһߺˣɲԸŮ
ΪҲɱ𣿡
Ҷǳų𽣬ɫȻ
ǿ˲ϯ棬ʵʱ˾ųɣͫȻϣš
أ
Ҷǳػ˻֣㽫ɳȥ˵ڲ漴صˤڵϣѪɫҰס
㡭ôôǿ
ȻؿҶǳڸе־ˣǿֲ򣬾ȻһԼʵ˾ųɣ⻹ô
֪λʥʿôˡ
²ҸҹүСһӣеΣҲ֡
ҶǳƳһ𽣬㲻ٶ˵
촽ȻŭԹޣȴ˵ˣΪҶǳĿпɱ
һɱϵˡ
ʵϣǵﳤպͷƷвĻղžѾɱˡ
ֲǿֲ
ԶﲩȻλҶʵǿֲȻֻŮվǴʵ˶٣ȴλҶһ־شʵ̫ˡ
˿²Ǵ۷壬Ҳ˶ԶˡҸֲǣŽãҲһܴ֮ﵽ۷ˡﲩȻ뵽
ԭȣΪҶǳһҪܸʿڣȴã֮ؽһ
䡭
ȻһɹǿϢ֮ϴ
̧ͷЩռͨвѾˣһǿӰ˳һɹǿϢŰ
ǻǿչ·Ҵκɽˡ
Ҿ޵еô꣬ڵȵ˻ǿչ·޵ǼįҪһ֡
ˣ֮

һǿ֮ϺɨǿԵһڸ
Ҷǳüͷһ壬Щ̫ˣҲЩ˶ǴڸԵ޵꣬ǿչ·Ȼˡ


1267 ޵
ţ̫ˣֱӾɨ˹Ϊ޵˰

Щ̫ˡ

ǿ˵˶һȻЩֱɨֱ̽һûǷ
Ϊﻹ簡
λԵڰ˳ǵĴﲩȻǣһԷųǿϢֱ񷣬
Ҷǳ˵𽣬ҲǱԼǿƣ򲻹ҶǳԹ޷йЩϣֱӳˡ
һȺ׳գΪڻǿչ·޵ҼҹүС£֪мټǧ
𽷢һХգһֻ޴ȫɫ棬һẹ̈ͬ˸
Ȼһֻޣ츳ǿӽʮǿޡ
Ǵ˵е񣡡
պȱһ
ޣǵһμ

λĴ׷׶֣ﲩȻҶǳûв֣ϾԼ
һڣȻЩǿչ·ǲǵʵǿ
ʵϣҶǳЩ˵иӦ˲ǿߣмλȻӽ۷塣
ɣҴκɽû㣬Ըһ̤ǿչ·۷塣
κɽ˷ǳֲΰͬɽŰͬħ
һѹնתռ飬Ǿ޴ͣƺҪ档
֮
һâɣǾ޴壬ȻΪһ쵶иգնأκɽľնˡ
ߣ
κɽƺһûٳ֣Ϊֻܵʵ֮¡
˻ڳ֡
ΣգҾ֮λ֮ǿ߳ˣͬһգѹ綼У·׹䡣
˵и߸Ӷţڣˡ
ɫ΢䣬˵ʵȸղŵĴκɽҪǿһ֣Ҵ⣬ҧһھѪ¶ͷųʢĹâ
׷ף
ͺϵëϵһƿռ䣬ѹն̴ˡ
ʵ
֮ˣûаܣˣֻʵշġ
ϣλǿУҲòĴ侲Щ˿ʵǿ󣬷׷ͣˡ
ֻʣһ˳֣˽޵Уų޵мįҪһ֡
ʵǿչ·ˣ㻹ҵĶ֣ҽҲɱ㣬͸һѵ㱳ˣҵһս
޵б˫֣ɫĮͬ棬˶ɢһ޵еİ

޵гˡ
䣡
ҲûְֻһŲˣعˣ綼ֻء
֮׷ף
þȫȥֵܵ˺ֲܿͺҶǳһ֪Լǿˡ
ǲˡ
¡¡׷顣
޵еĽֱӲϣӴڵϣֲϣϿѪ
޵еȷûɱ𽣬ܿˡ
һ޵еİ˫֣վУˣһĿ⣬ɨϣ˵޵ǼįǸңǿչ·Щǿߣ
ǳܵĴǣʶ޵иղųֵĿֲ֪Ķ֣ԲҶײ
һװơ̲ס
ٰװƵʵǿչ·ʵ治֪ôڴģǿֲ
˴֮ʱ޵дѪ𽣬ԹغҪҶǣ
ָȻָȺеҶǳ
ǿ˵ɫһ䡣
̻Ů˻Ƕ񶾡񰵰
У޵еĿҲҶǳȻƵһ˲ֱӡ
һʼûаҶǳΪҶǳ̫ƽˣκɽ֮ƣһҲһǿߡ
˿̣ٿҶǳ޵о֪ԼˣΪ˿ƽȴƽĹͷ
Ҫ˵һƽˣһôƽǾͲԾˡ
˵ҶǳԼʵƿأﵽ۷壬ܹշ磬豹档
˼ҾȻ㿴ˡ
޵ĿҶǳ·ֻʣҶǳһˣ˶ˡ
ҶǳҲڴž޵У˺һ޵С˼£ĵ޵еġ
ȷһ˲ǿߣڻǿչ·ĥһܴﵽ۷壬δҲпܴﵽʥʿϻǸ߶ȡ
ְɣҼʶʶǿչ·ǿߵʵ
޵пҶǳ˵


1268 ƴ
У޵иҶǳ˫ͬԨͷǿ޵־ľ״̬ͬһɫգҫųգƾ޾תΨһֺ𾪡
ս
Ҷǳֻ³һ֣ս֮лһɫս񣬳ž޵һȭɱȥ
Щ˷ܣΪ޵еȷһֵһսĶ֣ǿߣҶǳеǳսǡ
ռȭ
ɫսҶǳ־ƾճ֣ȴʵģռ޵ȭ⣬ǰδеսȭ
ǿľ־ҵ޵־ȼ磬ȷһֵ𾴵Ķ֡
޵еſն£һȭӭ
Сǳ֮ɫȻҶǳϸܵǿҵв
η壬ս졣
޵ȭ
޵һȭƿռ䣬嫵޵־ȭ֮Уһȭ磬ɽӣǿնҪһȭ
أ
ǰĿռһ飬ƺûʲô赲޵еȭͷ޵е־̫ǿˣݿһֱײ
䣡
˵ȭͷײһʱ򣬴ĿĽɫâһ죬ŰƬء
һ˲䣬˶ò۾޷ֱ˵Ľսأǽ̫ҫˣƺǼĴըһҡ
ǳҵĽɫâ֮Уȴǲϵо촫Ǿ޵кҶǳڼҽ档
սˣ׷׷ų̽飬ǿҶǳ;޵ڱƴԿȭ⣬˭ҲûȫӲӲ
ƺ˭Ҳκβ˭˴ƾУķǳңƬսΪǵ̨
˶Ѿӽ۷ˡ
ǵǱܴδһ̤۷壬ǿһЩ
˼û뵽Ҷǳ֮⣬Ȼֳһ

ս˷ǳȡ
ǿ˵Ҳ𾪣û뵽Ȼ˿ԿǵһߵڣǻûмԿ˫ͬһ硣
Ҷǳڻûж򣬲Ȼ䶨ˡ˵
˵ͷ漴̾ˣ޵еȷҵĸоƵ
һģǴһصʱ򣬹ƾѾˣ˵ȥʮ˲ˡ˵
ߵʱһڲҶǳĶ֡
쿴ҪˡٺȻ˵
˿С
ֻҶǳ;޵бƴһʱ֮ڿʼˡ
޵տտҶǳ¶֮ɫǿչ·ˣû뵽˵أǿߣԽڴĵ·ˡ֮սҲýˣҪȫˡ
Ļ£һǿϯս
ʱڵˣоʵ
ɣҾȻɣôܣﲩȻκɽ֮ȴֲѣ漴׷׺ˡ
޵Ȼ֮ɫҵ޵ֻҪͬһ𣬲˭Ҫս
򣡡Ҷǳ޵
޵ҶǳԴ͵˵ʵǿܹƵҶ޵԰ˡ
ǻҵңҶǳһЦ漴ͷųԼ򣬾ŴһʱƬսȵĻûˡ
Ҷǳû¹˭أ
һѹס˾޵е޵ǿֲܣеľ޵ʵˡ
߳ɣôܣ
޵еɴ۾ŵؿҶǳ
ʵȻ߳ɡ
ʵֲ̫ˣֱš
ȻֻǱ߳ɣ԰ˡҶǳ˵
⻰ͣھ޵еĶУȴʵʵڵĳɫһǺ졣
ϾǰԼ޵УںҶǳһȽϣѷɫ̫ˡ
ʵʵڵĴ
ٽһȭ
Ҷǳɲܾ޵ʲô뷨򣬻Ӷɫ˫ȭɱ
޵ȭ޵ҧֵȻʵǿ󣬵߳սʣµսҶǳĶ֣Ѫɡ
䣡
޵оһһ׹ڵأҳһһӣΧĿɿڴ
ղţǻþ޵ҪӮˣһתۣ޵оȻҶǳһȭɳȥʵڲһ
ת̫ͻȻˡ
ֻǿ˵֪Ҷǳжôֲ
ˣ֮ǰǸҲܹˣʱжҶǳӼɵˣϾ͵͵ˡ
ǿ˵Ȼˣʵǿ󣬲ǿԿģֻܵû


1269 
ڣ޵ܵⱲĲҰܣһɳһҶǳȥû˿֮
εֵ߳սҶǳĲʵ̫ˣסҶǳռȭ
޵Ǽį
Ҷǳһߺ޵УһЦ˵ֻЦھ޵еĶУʵ̶̫ˡ
Ŀͷ޵еţȴָ˵ˡ
ŭˣ
޵ŭйâʢȻȼˣǿƴϱһɹ籩
ѹƣ߳ɽ͵ɡ
ʹɣ޵ҲҶǳĶ֣ܹסԼشˡ
̫ˣ
Ҷǳٶһȭɾ޵У˵ǿչ·ʲô֪ҲҺų޵Сҿȷظ㣬ʵڻǿչ·кܶ࣬ǿĶв١
ߣ޵в˵ʵˣ޷
أҶǳ޵У˵ǿչ·ͨĻ½ضǣԽҲǣиǿʥˣ񡣡
䣡
Ҷǳ޵дصףмؿ˵޵УҲĴ޵Уǵ̤ǿչ·ʱѾͷʼˡ
Ҫɱɱ˵ЩϻʲôҾ޵ֲô޵ҧҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ɱ̫ϧˣҵǿ˰ɣҸһ
޵ԲɵùЦƿ׳һҶǳмҪշңȻǿûǿĵزοǱǿܶ࣬Ҳ᳼Ǿ޵УҵδעҪ޵Уû˿ҳ
޵־ôܳˡ
ҶǳȻ֪һ㣬͵û㳼ҵǿ˺ɢңȥ磬ֻҪǼɡҲֻǿ˵һְλûǷĳңֻͬЭȥǿչ·ˡŵĻǡ
ԶЦ˵Ҷǳ˵û㿴ҶֱӽˣҶСӣǳ𣿡
޵üͷһ壬񳼷ҶǳԲҽҶǳ֣οҶСˡ
ʱһǿ˵Ц˵ҿɲҽ֣ǺұҪǿչ·Ҽǿߣֻ˾壬ΪҪǷκεԣûøָĹǣֻҪǲѼɡңÿкôҲռֻһ룬ʣµƽ֡
ǿҲ׷׵ͷ޵ǿߣԿЩ˵Ļû˵ѡ
ôһΰɣȳ˻ǿչ·ȥȥҶǳЦſǰľ޵С
޵гҲͬأɱ𣿡
ɱ̫ˣûôĳޣղֻսңɱңȻҲɱ㡣
ҶǳЦ˵սңҪһ۰ɣȻ˾սңȻӮҾƨ뿪ҳʲôˣ
Ҫʲôۣ޵ߵ
ҶǳЦܼ򵥣ҪһҾˡ
޵¶ɻ֮ɫ
͵ǺƷ԰Ǽڻǿչ·ÿһؿһؿĵͱˣ򲻹϶ǡ
޵ߣ˵ˣǱҼǡ
ٺЦֵܣֲʲôֻǸһ뿪ոѣѵߣͲ뿪ǿչ·𣿶ңҲɣϲսǿߣʲôʱ򶼿ԣֲֹ㡣սǿʧܵʱǷᱣ㡣ôõ飬Ҫܾ
޵ߵôõ飬Ҫʲô
Ѿ˵ˣǿ˶ͬЭΣգǰ㣬ΣգҲҪǣô򵥡ҶǳЦ
޵жҶǳ˵ģҷģ
Ҫ㷢ģҶǳҡͷ
޵гУҾǿ˵ĸ֪Ǹұʲôһ뿪
ȫԣҶǳЦˣǿ˾һ֣޵Ȼȴʵǿޱȡ
Ҷǳ֮У޵վһǾ൱ڶһҶǳˡ
ϾһȥˣôԾ޵еʵܿ۷弶ǿˣǻܶ֡
ҲҶǳҪ£޵еԭ򣬵Ȼ޵һΪҲֻһȽϽհˣЩаĴħͷ
ˣ߰ɣȥҵؿĵҶǳ漴˵
޵пˣɵöҶǳʵǿ˵ĸôЩǲҵ£
ǸҲǸЦ˵
ٵҲЦ˵ҲǸ
ǿ˵һ˶˵ԼǸ
Ŀɿڴľ޵УҶǳЦ˵ǿ˳⣬˶Ǹ

޵иоԼѾ


1270 ھų
ǿ˵뿪Ҳ֮лع漴۷׷ס
û뵽Ǹ޵оȻǿˣǿֶһǿˡ
Ҷǳʵ̫ǿˣҾԱȼʿˡ
ټһ޵УҾǿδԿ۹ʿš
۹ʿŸͷˡ

ھŹطǳսʱĴǴڣ޵ôǿߡ
ǿ˵ʵǿޱȣԺɨھŹأǺܿҵؿĵ
Ȼǲǵһģʵǿ·ˣֻܲĵߡ
ĵҶǳЦŶǿ˵˵ɣʣµƽ֡
ʱһǿ˵˵̫Կ˰ɣȫǸôôôࣿ
ǿҲͷ
ҶǳҡͷѾ˴磬ô󣬻ʵս硣
ԶǺܸж
ЦڿɣҶСӲںҲһ㣬ٲ磬ǾĳΪˡ
һҲ
Ҷǳʵ̫ǿˣǲ̤磬ǸҶǳ󣬾ۡ
޵ĬĬؿţҶǳ˵ѣһΪ˲ѹЩǿ˵˶ŷ
ҲҲ
޵а뵽
ҪսǿߣﶼһϾյĿĵض뿪ǿչ·
ǿˣҲһӦ޵ֲǰ׳ա
ֻҪҶǳǾû⡣
һ˿ʼھһʵ
ı
޵еһɵ۾һϲ
ǿ˵˶һЦǵһҲģ
ҶǳЦ˵ǵã½ĵЩƿأڻǿչ·õһЩȥ˻½ǾûôõĻˡ
ƺԻ½˽⣿޵ؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦһصʱһ½飬˽һЩ
˵˵ɡ޵е
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴һЩ½˵
ʹҶǳ츳ڻ½ֵһʱ޵жʱĿɿڴⲻܰɣֲ̫ˣ츳ڻ½ֻǿţ½ôֲ
ǺǣҶǳЦ˵ǻǿչ·һǿ߽ﳤգһλ˽ӣʵȴڻǿչ·޵УҶǿ뿴½жٸбǿʥˡ˵Щʥããжôǿ󣿡
ˣ޵̾ھƸսһս񣬱Щãǵȷѷɫ̫ˡ
ţıͲôĿˡҶǳ˵̤˻ǿչ·ǱǴͷʼҪһصһ̤ʱľη֮ģĺͶԣ̫
֪ˣлѡ޵֪Ҷǳĺ⣬ʱмص˵ͷ
֪ûҶǳѣսǿߣᱻɱϾÿ˶Ҷǳô˵
ʥʿϻǿߣһսˣҪôĳҪô·һ
ھŹصĵǳӴ󣬶Ҷǳó߳ɵǿ˵νܴ
ҵʵﵽ˰벽۷壬൱۹ʿŵĴʿ
УʵҶǳ;޵УѾﵽ˰벽ļޣʱл̤硣
һ֮󣬱׼һ򿪹ţǰھųǣҲǻǿչ·һǳء

ھųǣǳӣȴִ硣
һȻǿ֮У˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
޵еһοôΰĳǳأɵøп⿴ǳأ֪½жôֲˡ
½֪Ǵ˶ٱǾƴеһˮѡҶǳЦ
޵üҼǵ˵ڳڲɱˣ𣿡
Ҫڳڶ֣ǳԽ˴ĴڣŭǣڿɵвҶǳͷ
޵еͷʾ⡣
һ漴ǡ
ھŹصһЩ˱Ǹǣǵ¼˵ھųǣԵھųǵ˶֪ҶǳˣһڳŴ
ҶǳĿɨȥ治ǵھųǣڿʼ繷ˡ
Ҳ˵ӽӽ½ˡ
˵ʮ˲ΣûʱƣֻҪԸ⣬һʮ˲
Ҷǳ뵽
Ի½Ѿˡ
ΪһЩ


1271 ǿߵ
Ҷǳĵóŵĵھųǲƽһ߱棬Ƭ֮䣬㽫Ϣǳء
ǿ˵̤ųڿĽֵһųڵķ⣬һѰҾסĵط
޵ĿɨΧ޼ɵڳ̽ӣΣҡͷڵĴǶܹ࣬һսĲûм
ҶǳЦ˵ģҪ˶ãˡ
۹ʿ𣿡޵ⱬ䣬ȻǿˣȻ֪ǿĵˡû˿η壬е˷ܡ
ʿˣȺһ޵漴˵ս졣
Ҷǳ΢Цŵͷ
ڳι䣬һҿջס¡
ٳȥ̽Ϣչ
ҶСӣմϢʮ˲кܶǿˣΪġ
úҴһˡ
Ա߲ľС㡮ӡϻʵ׵ܵħµĴħȵȡ
ʵǿ𣿡޵ԱʵϾŸո̤ǿչ·еϢ˽ⲻϸ
ƿ׳һȻǿǿɶǴ۷弶ǿߣеٮٮߡ
۹ʿأҶǳʵ
˵˵ߵʿʥʿһʮʿ
ֻǵ߰Ҳ̫˰ɣ޵ߵ
ٿЦʥʿµʮλʿԽԽλʿѾǳˡ
˻Ȼ
һ𣿡޵ٶʵ
Ű۵һ۷嶼ûУ㻹ָ˼һɳλʿ˵ףڻûʸʥʿ档
Ǿʿȥսʥʿ޵սǡ
Ҷǳ˵һ£Ӧþͻִھųˡ
ĿԴɡҶǳ˵ͷ

һµʱת۹ȥˣһźȻڳ¶߳һһųǵǿߡ
С㣡
վһǰϲɫضŴ߳Ůӡ
쿴λɫȹŮ·ľӾǷӣͰﳤһɾºɨʮ˲ʵˡΧ˾ϳ˴Ů
Զһ߳һĸߴħһΰ壬ŨüۣڵӼ˵ħ⣬˸еһƬħϢ
˻Ǵħħǿħû뵽Ҳˣ˲õǿߣʥʿų޵֡˾
𣡡
һһͺ
һ̣һֻ;޴󣬻ӲӵĻƽϴ˳ڹŴѾֻƽϹӭӣǵ͸ֻƽϱǼֱС׼ףֵһᡣ

ݼ

ֻƽϹ
Щƽϲ¶Σʵ޷ϣʹСһĶһģһ
ֻƽϳƺֻ޴ĻƽΪΧ˶ˡ
ϻǻƽһ죬һƽϳưǿգϻշ
һλ̾
Χ˶𺳲ѣǿһһһһ󣬶ǿչ·ĳǿߡ
С㣬Ҹ˵ҶǳǼһ̫ʶˣƲүûѹүһ٣һҪΪ
ԶߴߴظҶǳ״
֮û˿ŭݣصһۣΪʮ˲ʲô֪£Ҷǳˣ㵹ãֱӵ˼ңһС
£ˣڸԼС˼㵵صɴ۾ŵʲôʸǽˣΪҪ£˵Թүʵշǿ
죡Ӻǳʮ˲Ҳ޵УҶǳܹڰ벽ͻɱδɾͲһܱȶһҪãŰ裬ϴС
С㡭𽻹˵ǿĿ⣬ɵõͷٶײˡ
ɨ˲ԶĴħһۣ漴ߣǰ·ҪȥҶǳǸ
С㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ𽲻ŵؿӡ
Ӻȵҿ㵨ԽԽˡ
ҡС㣬ҪȥǸɣʲôݣôȥǸæ
ضԣǰ·
һǵһμԼСҶԣԹǰ·ǰҶǳǾסǼҿջ


1272 ǿ
Ҷǰݼ
ǿһ˾סջ⣬Ȼһöϸ࣬΢棬˵鶼еʡ
ջڣǿ˵˶۾һ¶ı顣
ȻǴ֮Уܵ˵ʵ֮ǿɲ⡣
ꣿѲλӣҶǳ¶֮ɫ
ҲһȻʲô
ȥ
һ漴߳ջ
ջ⣬ǰ棬ͷں棬ǳɣҲûеĵͰԵ
ҶǳǰķӣȷһλŮ񻣬վǴһƮ˳
λҶɣ
Ŀⶢž޵У΢΢Ц
һ㶣漴Ȼ
Ҷǳܵ͵ƽϢƽǾ޵һʵ̫ҫˣһ޵е־ʱʱ̶̿ųһսսսأ˭òĿ
ӣϴˡ޵Цҡͷ漴ָԱߵҶǳҽо޵С

΢졣
ˡ
ԼǸ˶ϴˡ
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ǿ˵һȡ
Ƿӣǿչ·ĳǿ߰ȻǸ
ҶǳҲ΢΢һЩ⣬ӵ̬δ̫˰ɣǺʹЩơ
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죬ȻкܲʣǹԹԵǰҶǳǸ
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˵꣬Ҷǳӽջ˰Ųˮϡ
ҶǳŶķӣżɽ˵Ӵ˷ǰ²Ϊ˵Ǹɣ֪ʲô飿
ҶȻˬ죬Ҳֱ˵ˡ΢΢Цǿ۹ʿѾУǷҲ۹ʿ׷ɱν˵ĵ˾ѣҶΪأ
Ҷǳʱ˷ӵ˼Ц˵ӵ˼ˣǽԡҺܺ棬ǵʵѵη۹ʿ𣿡
̾˫ȭѵְҷȻԿʥʿֵһλʿʥʿһʮλʿʣµʥʿʿǷ򸾵ĸ߲żʮˣ޷ǿ⣬ֻǿԱοʮ˲ǿڻ񡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷ۹ʿž˶࣬ᡣ
һԵʵʷӣ֪ʮ˲Щǿߣ˵ܹʥʿġ
ǿ˵˲ɵ䣬ǶԴҲǳ档
޵и˫Ź⣬ŷӣΪЩˣɶҪսĶ
ҪҶǳҲûЦ˵ʥʿʵǿָܹҷ⣬ϻʡħɱλ
ҶǳϻѾãʵ֪ħɱǺ
ɫصħͳħǿߣħʿĴڡдħһˣҲɵѡǻǿչ·ΨһԿ۹ʿŵĴɱ˺أ˵Ƿ˵ʱһɱ֣ϰڶû˸ΪͨɱɱʥʿħǶЩ١
Ҷǳ˵ɫħɱȻ˲õĳǿߡ
ɱһλڰеӰȥ٣һˣǾͺΣա
Ӽ˵βˣħµĴħˣϻеһλҲˣҹǲҪշ㣬£ġ
ӵĻ䣬ջ㴫
ҶҼ롣
ҶҼҴħ롣
͸ջĴҶǳ˿ջվλһ˺İһһֻƽϣǵͬʱǿչ·ֻƽ֮һ
죡Ц
Ҷǳ˵˵֪ˡ


1273 ܾ
Ƕ죬ǲ֪Ҫ£㣬Ҫշ㡣ҲĻ˵
Ҷǳ˵ҲԸΪУҲΪС
΢΢һЦҶǳ˼˿ԣշǾ͹ɡ
ʵ磬ҲȷԸ⳼ˣ޵б֮һ
Ҷˣȸˡվ˵
Ҷǳͷȥ
ȥ·ϣƲֵ˵С㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣôǱ𣿡
ӳ֮ǰһȷڣҰٷ֮ȷˡ֪ģҶΣյֱ񣬶͸һֺΣյֱȻʵҲ
ôܣ𾪵ŽãôܱȵС㣿ҳСǴ۷壬һЩ۷嶼Ķ֡
Ӹ̾ΪŸոս磬ҲȷǱҪ֪ҿǱʱö࣬ﵽ˴۷壬ҾͲˡߵľ޵У˵ǱҲͬСɣδ֮¡
ʶ޵еĿֲûз
߰ɣע޷ֹҿεʿҲֻܶˡЦЩֻϾǷ򸾵Ҳ۹ʿ׷ɱԹҲ

ջУǿ˵ʹħġ
ҶǳɨһۣͶλǿ˵ĳԱ˵һػһ׼ʱԼġ

ҶǳͶȥˣλƽһߣԸ⻯ΪΣɱǾ޴ſһԺ棬ĿҶǳ
Ҷǳһȥƿһɽһһ̫ˣΡ룬ͬɽһɾκ
ǿ
Ҷǳĵһӡ
޵Ѿǿˣλѷɫ̫ˡ
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Ҷǳ
ǰľ޴ƽ̧Ǿ޴Դһ˫ͬһ۾Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц
ڣսӽ۷壬ȷеǱ޼ɵɨҶǳ漴˵һΪʸΪϻǿߣҪ£㣬Ժұȼ磬ûʸǻƽһˡ
Ҷĳ͸ˡҶǳתߡ
㶣æ˵߰ܽˣԼǰҿԱ֤ĵλ֮¡
ҶĳˡҶǳҸھ뿪ˡ
ҡҡͷԼûжЩǿ߸ԼǱҪշЦ
޵жԸ⳼ˣοҶǳ
ûҶǳȥֱȥҴħˡ
ûʲôý
˼ҼȻˣȥĻҲ̫ˡ
һеȵʿˣҿҡĿҶǳԶȥıӰߵ

ħܽųסһɫĹŮкܶ࣬ź
Ҷǳʱ򣬴ħŮ衣
ҶǳɨһۣЩŮǵͼս񣬲ɵħѵãչ·һȺŮ
ҵڵǿչ·ˣ֪ʲôʱԴҲܹʱܡ
ħЦû취˭Ǹһ̬ں޷ֹֻˡ
Ҷǳħͨһ·𡣡
ôħ˰֣ҡͷȻ츳ǻǿչ·ǿĲ֪ж٣һضȥ㱻ɱ
ħЩҿħң˵һսǿչ·վ·۷塣ҴӦˣںվ˻ǿչ·۷塣
˵꣬ħĿԵضҶǳ˵ǰɣڵʵħµħţδԿԺһΪħվڻǿչ·۷塣
ǸҲվڻǿչ·۷壬ֻܾܾˡҶǳ˵
ħ۾˭վڻǿչ·۷壿̫˰ɣ
ֻ뿪ǿչ·ǰ½ֻһڿݾѣҿɲ֮ܡҶǳ˵
ħɫʱҶǳǰǱ֮ܣеܿ
ˣû˿ԾܾħǰûУҲСħվΰһǿħŰĴ
ҶǳηֱŴħ˵Ҳһ
ħһ͸磬ۣչ¶ĺ־Ƭռޱѹ֡
õǣʥʿҵħʮ˲ҵ㡣
ħùڶˡ
Ҷǳתȥ
ڴһս


1274 ħ
ҶǳܾħϢ֪ĸ˴˳ȥ˲õھųǷˡ
ʣһλʥʿϻǸηսţôˣǵһγ֡
ܶ˶ڴ
ҲĻһλǿ
ߣʲôǿߣǿչ·ôܹ꣬վ۷ģҲǼˣʲôèܳΪǰħһ˳
һʿնɱĿ֮ôˣǿչ·ǲȱĴҵſЦһֻƽЦ

ٲ죬紵ݡ
ӲŪңһ˵õϴӣ״̬
ɵһԣ۾ֱʧſ˵С㣬дԣҶǳѾܾʹħ
֮аˡӵЦ
Ʋܾ;ܾȻŭʹħҹƵȵʮ˲³̫á
Ӧò֣ԹۣǻƽһǳмΧˡ
ӵ˵ڴħһΪסֻҪʿ͹ˡ
һʱС㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣƾʲôҪסħ
ȻˣȻҪ֣Ȼʲôˣ΢΢Ц
ҡͷҲҪûʸǽ˲ŶԣҾãסʿҲ١
ܱȵѩ̿ҡͷ
Σֻòԡ

ջУǿ˵ĴԣһȻ
Ҷǳû⣬Ц˵˵˵սǼʶһǵ
ҶѾȲˡ޵һ˷ܡ
ţǿ˵˶ʱ
˵ҶСӣҴϢ˵ʮ˲ÿһħǣÿħڶ̺һֻҪɱܻãʵûᡣ
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ȻÿһؿֻˢһΣǾͰÿһؿħȫնɱɾҶǳЦ
ٺЦ⵹ǿԣħٶҲ¡
ҶǳͷĻԵҲԽ˻̤磬ߡ
ڴѣЩ˵Ҳˡ
ԴԴĵǵʵܲϵ

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޴Ĺţ͸źɫһɹаϢڲϵŰ
˶˼µа
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Ҷǳ˵ͷаϢǰδ·ֻʣһиûһ˿С
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ӣҶǳͷǿ˵Ҳ
ǰĹţصʮ˲ĵ˱ħ˵ؼаֹ磬ۻܡһЩо£ǵ۹ģĥǡ룬ʮ˲ħ¾Щ½ǿ߹ؽġ
ҶǳȻ򣺡ǰħԡѪɱǽİҲһΣյĽѡ
Ҷǳλۺȥ£λ˺ܶഫ˵޷ӡ
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ǿ˵ڼǻü
ӣǽȥɣҶǳֱˣǿ˵ˣͷһš
ڣޱȣѪµգɫѪɫΪҪ
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ʱһ˱ʮ˲˵Ŀ⣬һʿȫڼףֳֺɫǹ̫󣬱ˣһƬڰԨ
۹ʿŵһλʿ


1275 սʿ
ƺܵĶʿתһ˫Ŀ⣬̴գЯ˵ѹȸУɨӹ߳ˡ
ʱ˶еһһɽͻȻѹϣص˴
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ʿû뵽˾Ȼ㣬ǻǿСӣħӹ˽ǰԶʿɵþȵ
ɫأҶǳ˵СӣʥʿʮʿԽԽǿλʿʵ֮£ȷǣ
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С㣬һﾹȻĵסʿһǵʿ̫˼ˡ۾ɴ󣬻뵽ԼȻǿߣоһļ¡
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ǣܹ̤۷徳磬ܽ򿹺ʥʿ
ҶǳҲһĿ꣬һҪʮ˲дﵽ۷壬޾۹ʿš
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ۣ
̫ڴڿѪء
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ȻһĿӲԶ
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֪з޷͵ʿˡ
ԱߵЩźҶǳûʲô⣬ҲֵÿħƴһֻһжӸˡ


1276 ܵ
֮Уʿѹž޵д򣬵Ǿ޵еսԽԽǿңֱһսˣһͺܷ
úúãǻǿչ·ҹȻûǿ̫ˣҵĸأҪս𡣡
޵սͬȼգʼȼʿɱתƣʿƽ֡
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Χս˶ףֻ̫ˣҶǳĶ֡
ӵʿҪ䣬һҶǳնɱֻ̫ڳʿԲ˵֮С
ˣ˿Եסʿľɱ۹ʿŵѹ𡣡
ǵõ꣬ﳤպͷӷ򸾱ģ˶֮ӣ֣λʿֶ޷ܡ

˽һ̾š
ʹħɫأʿʵǲ࣬Ҳ˶١
ʿҶǳôȥҲһҶǳ
ͻȻǿߣʼǸܵѹˡ
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𣡡
ҽ
һž޴ѪܵԴգŴճɻҽ̫ԴҶǳնˡ
ɱ
ʿӦԼ䣬һ˫ϬĿг˷ŭĻ档
ױŭˣҲȼ޵кɳȥȻ߾кɫǹͬһɫһݺݵش
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ǰλʿһǹֱɫ䣬âûκ赲
˿һǹ񿴵ԼĲϣԼ޷ֵһС
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𰡣ǿϵĻ棬ǻڣûκζ赲
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¶֮ɫǵʿ۹ʿУǿҲ˶ѣǻǿչ·պ۷ǿߣôܸܰһ֮
ǵģҶǳһ֮
Ͼʮ˲ûнȥʲôǿߣ
ŭ
һɻ۶ľ˰εض𣬶ŵʿݺݵغȥĵʿѪ
ʽվɻʩչܷǳֲ
Աߵľ޵пˡ
̫ǿˣһټһУǿֲ޵дʱڶҶǳͶء
ʿǿ⣬Ϊ˼ΪŵԼ̤۷徳һȵʿ
ҶǳһҶǳΪŸո̤磬һҶǳΪ׷ԲǶ֡
ৣ
ڴʱһѪɫǹ˺ͻȻɱҶǳ
أҶǳ߶ŭӭȥѪɫǹˡ
ǣһֻ޴Ѫɫ֣Ѿᣬץ˵ĵʿȥʧʮ˲ڡ
ͻһĻ𾪡
ǵʮʿ˹ɫص˵
ҶǳȻѹָղʵǰǿ󣬱ȵʿҪǿࡣ


1277 ֱײ
ʮʿ
Ҷǳ۾΢΢һУղѪɫֵ˾ʥʿǿĵʮʿ
ȷֲܿԶʿ
ĻԷͲܴھߵʿ

Ȼǵһθʮʿ򽻵ˣǳȷص˵ͷ漴ɫص֪ҵϢԲŸŵʿһ֡
ϧˣȻһɱ޵Щź˵
ҶǳЦԺеǻᡣ
⻰
ΧˣȴûκηǺͬϾһսҶǳѾչֳǿǱʵ
һδԱȼ磬ѾҪȼʥʿϻʵǿߵľ
ҶˣҲøˣʮ΢Ц
Ҷǳ죺Ӳһȥ𣿡
ҵȴǰ·淴ģһٴνʮ˲ϱ͵ʮ̾
Ҷǳʱˣǲˢ֣һʮ˲ǰؿ͵õػصˢ֣Ǹ׳ն̤ˡ
Ҷǳͱӵʱ򣬴ħѾʮ˲뿪ˣʶҶǳսǿɲ˳Ц
ЩӵھųǶĴǣҲ̤ʮ˲
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Щ쵰ץǹĥǵĺ󱲣Ǿɱǵĺ󱲣ǹһ񡣡
ɱɱǣû˿ūħ

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ˬΪ־ħ֮ǰһȺϣһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫ֱҪ̫ɡ
ⱲӢľǵѡ

ǿ˵һɱ¾ħһߴЦ
û취ʵ̫ˡ
ЩħǵǴ˾ųɶʵϾûʿǿ󣬱ôҲ
Ҫ֪ʿȼĻһҲᱻ߳ʵοЩͨħ
ǿ˵˶ǰ벽۷壬ɱ¾һЩ˾ųɶսĵǴǶǺɡ
ңо޵ڣЩɱˡ
һһڵһкֱײɱ
ԶЩһʮ˲ĵھųǵǣĽ֮ɫǿɲǿ˵ôţҪ͵͵ǱħӲӲ
ԣǺĽǿ˵ˡ
Щһ̫ˬˣֱڼ
ĺʹǿԱʱҿǾܾˡ
ʹëӵǿ˵أǵסʿ˳ģǺˡ
˭뵽Ҷǳʵôǿһǰֻ˭֪̫ˡ
ϻˣǸϽ߰ɣǿ˵ħͨҲܹһ㡣

ЩںڡĽǿ˵ҶǳĴ£Ѿɨ˵һǰڶˡ
ڵڶڣһƬϢĿռ䣬ǿ˵ʱͣõĵʵ
Ȼٴγʼµԡ


1278 
ʮ˲ǰǿ˵˵ʵ̫ˣһ֮УǺɨ
ħж٣һ֮У޸֮ϣǿ˵׾ٵնɱ
ǿ˵˴ͻƿ˴Σǿ˵ˣҲﵽ˰벽ļޣܿܽ
ǿ˵˴ʮصʱ򣬾޵н˴۷壬ʵȵĵʿѷɫ١
ǿ˵ˣҲ˴硣
ˣǿ˼㲻Ҷǳʵ˲Сˡ
Ȼ˽ʱҶǳĽ
Ͼõĵһ붼ҪϽɸõĵࡣ
ЩΪ˾޵Уͬﵽ˴۷塣

ʮϢǿ˵
ͻƺϲãǿ˵ϡ
û뵽ҲгΪһ졣
ôɵشﵽˣоûʲôսԡ
սȻͱħˡ

һȺǿ˵ĳԱЦ
޵пҶǳս죺ҲͻƵ˴۷壬һ㲻ܶ򡣡
Ļ˵ĺģһ˹׼֡
٩޵У㲻ҶСӶӵʵ㻹ֱˡ
޵ɫǺҳʵֻдһ¡
ˣˣҲдһ¡ҶǳЦŰ˰֣漴;޵Զǿ˵˶óһƬյء
䣡
˺ܿͽˣҶǳ򣬾޵ȻҲ˼ֻڱƴƴƴС
ǿ˵˿Ĵ񫣬Ͼ˵սﵽʿĳ̶ȣǿ
޵һԽԽˣҿʵһҲλʿˡ
ǰ츳ܸߣٹأʵƶҪӽʥʿϻǸˡ
ǿһЩǿͬǴ۷壬ȫѹס˾޵Уǳɡ
԰Ƕ֪ǿľǻŭռڣƾռȭѹס˾޵УսѾӽʥʿǸˡ
ڿȷһ򣬾ʥʿҲǶ֡
ޣҪȷǴֲϹ

Ҷǳ;޵д裬ǿ˵۷׷ס
һսҶǳ;޵жԼʵһ׼ȷ֪޵оԼڵʵӦ۹ʿеĵʿ
ҶǳΪԼʵѾоߵʿλʮʿ
ʥʿϻȻĿǰ˵ǻǿһ֣ڣҶǳҲǡ
֮У޵жаտʥʿˡ
ҶСӣһ·ڻǿչ·޵ˡп֡
ЦҵȻûѡһһ𣬼ֱҪ̫ˡ
ҲпҪ˶ãǾͿ뿪ǿչ·ˡ
Щڣ֪Ҷǳô̬ѱսһǴͺˡ
ϧǸʱǣ֪ǿչ·Ҳ֪Ҷǳô̬
ҶǳԼҲû뵽Լôվڻǿչ·۷塣
óˣȥһأ
Ҷǳк˽ʮء
ڵʮأһǿĶ֣һλħȵĹʵʥʿϻʣ֮УҲӵʮʿǿս
򡭡Ȼǿ󣡡
ħܵսɫ䣬Ҫ˳ȴѾҶǳˡ
һߣ޵ҲЯ޵֮ɱһǰһΧλħ
ħ̫ǿˣȻҶǳ;޵е֮Уȴɱ˳ȥӳ
һӳʵָû˿ƶ
ȻҲڳˣֻܹϵߡ
ɱǹȥЦ
ҶǳЩħû˿øУʴȵЩħʱɱ¾һƬû˿ͬ顣
һ׷ɱħɱħĹȣħܹǿ⣬ʣµħֻҪ򣬾ҪҶǳնɱ
գħһˣĹȣǿ˸ݻˡ
Ҷǳǿʼѹħڵı
ҵǿϵúǿ˵һλԱϲɫһöһ
Թͨ磿Ҷǳʱ
ⶫͿʥʿһϵħƴ½ëˡ
ҶǳȲؽ˹漴ԥöʱⶫԴƻǿչ·ռ
һͿͨ𣬹ͨħƴ½ˡ


1279 Ϣ
䣡
ʮĹڴҶǳƻǿչ·ռԼͨħƴ½ԴĻ
뿪ħƴ½ʱҶǳħƴ½Դ˻Ϊħƴ½Ԥ˳ǿ
ʱҶǳŻͨħƴ½ȻûԼȴҶǳ
Ҷǳ޷ЩʲôǴһЩϢħƴ½Ըġ
˵ϾֻǾ֮ͣûʲô
ͨħƴ½ҶǳһЩϢȥ
Ϊռ̫ЩϢھռĹˣһš
ԣΪԷһҶǳֻܲϵشǴﵽ벽ܽǿչ·Ϣ
ͬʱǿչ·һЩҲݹȥëܹյ٣Ǿֻܿˡ
ô
Ҷǳʱѯ
ͬħƴ½ٺû⣬ħƴ½ûʲôˡ
Ҷǳ̾˵ģҶ˵ˣܹյ٣Ǿֻܿˡ
ϣܹõ棬ǿʵǿչ·̾Ϣ
޵ǵңҲҪһЩϢ
Ҷǳ˵ͷǾ޵Уǿ˻в˶ҪϢϾÿ˶¼ҹһ

ħƴ½
Ҷǳ뿪֮ħƴ½һγŵ¡
ͷǶ׷ױչس磬ҲڱչأŬʵ
Ȼħƴ½ǿ
ëǶչˣĲѹɣεռħƴ½λ
ǲٰ̾սҪʼˣ֪һмǲ̣
ǲħƴ½һɣֻҪЩǰ׳գǲ̡
ҲҪֹһǱš
ƾʲôʵǱǲԶˡ

һЩ̵ĵӶܽԺ
û취̵ʵ̫ǿˣ嶼Ҫ֮âȻҲֽԸ
齾ǲ̵Ŷ࣬ʵһǿ
䣡
ͻȻһӴѹ𣬺ɨһ塣
ʱеĲ̵Ӷеѹ֣궼ڲ
ǿǲ̵λͷ
ǺɽģЩ˵еǿ߳𣿡
˵չصǰҶĸߣÿһǿޱȣѾﵽͷļޣ֮пܽ

Щ۵ʱ򣬺ɽëһѣÿ˵϶Ų˼顣
Ϊ϶Ϣʵ̫ˡ
ιҲյϢ𣿡ëһꡢѩ˾ۼ֪ҲһյϢ
Ȼ˶ǵ˵ͷ
С˷ܵ˵Ҷ紫ģȻԴӻǿչ·Ϣ
ȻЩ˼飬ȷʵˣƭǡ˵ͷƭˡ
ë̾һԽԽˣڶ֪Ѿǿʲô̶ȣܴƻǿչ·ϣ޾ǿմϢôҲ̫ɣ϶ǻǿչ·̫ΣգҪǡ
ǶԶԣҽյϢǲһ
˶ͷǶ֮ǷǽյϢһ
ǵϢģԶһģյϢȫ϶ģûһġ
ëҡͷ½ħƴ½˵˿Դӻǿչ·Ϣ룬ҶСϢ϶ףЩ϶
϶ҲܱûкðԻǿչ·һЩ˽⡣˷ܵ
ë˵ͷ˵Źʮ˲繷ЩϢ֮УҶСӷϵһҪﵽ벽磬̤ǿչ·ʵ̫Σˡ
ҶŬɣôﵽ벽֮ȥǿչ·Ц˵
ʱ˿̣ʮ㣬ϾͨҶǳϢǶڻǿչ·İˡ

ʮϢǿ˵
ҶǳŲԶĵʮأ˵һأܹЩǿˡ
ֵǴڵʮصʥʿħϻʡﳤաɱǿߡ
޵˹гս⣺ڿԴսһˣڴ
һ֪սƲƲ죬漴Ҳ֪ЩһΪʲôͣڵʮأѵĹؿЩ⣬Ҳȥ𣿡
Ҷǳҡͷ֪ǹȥˣȻ
úǿ˵ˣҶǳĴ£ɱ˵ʮء


1280 
ʮħǴˣд۷ħ࣬һλǿħ
ڣǿ˵ɱ񣬷ɱû˿赲ǵĽŲ
ֱǸħӵˡ
޵пԶߵħɫ
ҶǳҡͷǸεǿߣӳҵҪɱѣǵҲǸΡ
˵Ϊﵽʲô̶ˣ޵תͷʵ
ҶǳǴ۷壬Ѿˣڴ۷֮ϣһ޵УʥʿϻӦþʹΡ
ǵĻۻһ㣬Ͼǿչ·ʱ䲻࣬Ǵڻǿչ·ʱǳöˡ޵˵
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ߰ɣȥǰ濴ЩһﵽΪϢȥʮ

ʮڵϢһ£·⽨죬ֻΪʱסͣ
˺ܶ࣬۹ʿţħаﳤշ򸾺ǵĸߣлƽһ壬һЩССɢǿߡ
Ǵ˵ؽ̫µĻ¶Կһǳˡ
Ҷǳ̤˵صʱ򣬶Եúܾȣƺ˭Ҳû뵽˻ôࡣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰЩؿûжˡ
֣Ϊξۼôˣѵ֮ǰЩʮ˲ˣۼͣͲǰһɡ
ٳҾõʮ϶ôȻǲͣڴˡ
ϻһۡ
޵ɨܣս⣺ǿǶడĶǴ۷洦ɼгԽ۷Ĵڡ
תͷҶǳʲôʱȥսǣ
սҶǳʾҡͷİɣȥǣȻġ
¡¡
Ҷǳ䣬Զ㴫ڵض𶯣졣
ǣȫˣ׷׳Ŵ˵ؿ
һȺ۹ʿǣλʿĴ£һɫ飬Įس̹
ǵʿеڰʿھʿλǿʿȻһΪʲô
˵ھųһǿ˵۹ʿţѵЩѾ˴˵أ
Ҳ˵ˣλǿ˵˵ʿ
ֿɿˡ

Χ۵ԽԽ࣬۷׷ס
ǿ˵ɫؿŴԶж۹ʿš
λʿȻʶ
ʿҲǣжʱһĨЦɭôʹ˵ʮҺܺ棬ôʲôòͷ𣿡
һȺ۹ʿŵʿʱǿ˵˰Χˡ
ǿֻмʮˣ۹ʿȷмˣΧ׾١
Ϊ׵λʿȫĿضҶǳˡ
Щǿ˵𣿡ڰʿһߴҶǳˣһ߶Եʿ˵˭ģ
ʿָҶǳɫЩÿϾܸҶǳӲСʵңҴս
˵ˣڰʿߵ˻𣬵ȷһǿ򣬲ʵǸ󲻻Ǳʮʿ˺򡣡
ɱ˰ɣҵ۹ʿţֻ·һһֱûп˵ĵھʿ˵ǳǿưԵҶǳ˵Ŀ⣬ڿһȺˡ
λʿԹ˵ؽ̸ûǿ˵˷ǿ˵ŭѡ
ߵôĿҲ֪˭ǴǱӣҲʴʡ
ʿԣɵòȻŭ
Ӷǹֱӳ
¡¡
ҶǳųסǸǹڴ̽󣬶ʱ˾ųֻʣһɵĹ׾ٵһȭҷɳȥ
ʿʵ𣿡ؿǰɫѿĵʿмǿ˵һҪǿ
ʿҧгݣǵʵȻĹôܵסղŵһǹ
Ҷǳû뵽ǿˣǿ˾ˣҵҪܹ˶١
ʿɱؿҶǳȵɱ
һȺ۹ʿŵʿڰˡھʿ׷׳ǿ˵ɱ˹
¡¡
Ҷǳ߶סˡ
ʱ۹ʿʿȫɫ䣬ǵʵ˾ųɣŵˡ
ϧǿ˵ѾӶɱˡ


1281 
ôܣҵʵȻ˾ųɣҿǴ
ҲǱ˾ųɣôôֲ򣿡
ôͬʱ˵򣿡

۹ʿǾ
ǿ˵ȴѾ·ϾǺҶǳΣһ·ӵһѾĬ
۹ʿǾֶҵʱǿ˵ѾӵɱһɭЦ
ʲôƨ۹ʿţҲЩħǿ١
ֱһ
ǣǿ˲޵еġ

ǿ˵˴ɱ䣬׾ٵ˺۹ʿŵ󷨣Ȼɱһλλʿ
ҲǴ磬ϱ˾ųʵĴȻɻʤ
ʮ۹ʿŵʿֶ򲻹һǿ˵ˣϾǶ˾ųʵʣµ̫ˡ
ɶ񣡡
λʿһĻɵɫڡ
ǿʿȴһǿ˵նɱֱǰδ
ǲҪɱ˭˭һ߿ɱ۹ʿһ߶λʿЦ
ھʿɱⱩǣɱ
ھʿô˵۹ʿţʥʿ͵ʮʿ֮⣬ǿˣ
޵дЦһڵھʿǰսĶңҲ۸㣬һֻ֡
˵꣬һֳֻŵھʿѹȥ
ھʿˣʲôв۸ңӱѹ˴ʵ˵۸ӣ
Ǿ޵пɲգǿõھʿɫ䡣
˵ʵʿˡ
ھʿкȻ˵ǽӵʿôǵıҲս
룬޵еɱѾĵھʿǱֵס
һߣҲѹŵʿᡣ
ҶǳǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣڰʿѾ˺ۣˡ
Χֵ˶ˣʲôʱ۹ʿǱôˣ
ҵ죬Ҳῴ˰ɣ
Щһ۹ʿţðİɣ
ʲôЦλʿǶôǼðģֻ˵Ⱥǿ˵̫ˡ
ǿ˵涼ǻ𰡡
ⶫûֵֻܿʵӲţһʵͻᱻ
˿ֲټϴ˵ʵԿʥʿˡ
һµ޵ǿˡ

۷׷׵ʱ۹ʿѾڰˣϰٸʬ֮λʿߡ
ڣҲҴҡ
һս۹ʿŵ涼ˡ
ޣʲô۹ʿţֱһس
Ҷǳ΢΢Цȥ˴һ°ﳤշ򸾵סȥݷǡ
ܿ죬ǿ˵˴Ϣǰ֪Ҷǳ
ϾһսΧ˶ʶǿ˵ǿû˸ǿ˵ˡ
ߣ
Ҷǳǰﳤշ򸾵ס
սϢҲŹսȺƬռ䡣
ʱһƬڡ

ﳤվסĵطһݣ󷨸ǣطǳܣҶǳĿɿڴ
ڱϣаﳤյĸѲߣԺܸߡ
ǿ˵˹ʱ򣬱ϵ˶һͷų貵⡣
Щ󷨣̾Щ󷨵¾Ҳ岻ȥ
ڴ˾Ӫ˶꣬Ҳ֪˶󷨣ҿ׼ﳣס𣿡
Ҫֻ֪ǹͣҪȥ½ΪʲôҪô󷨰
ڼɻ֮ʣﳤշѾ˱ϣǿ˵ˡ
˲ʶﳤգȴʶӣǸŮ𽡣
ӣþòҶǳЦ˵
һҶǳʱ˿ЦһΪ۹Ⱥ˴ˣû뵽ǣҲ̫˰ɣһΪҪǼǧء
˵꣬Աߵһ͵գҶ
ҶǳҲ꣬Ȼλ֮ӳƺŵİﳤաƣȷʵɲ⣬ҲǱ
Ҷ
֣
˼һЦ
ݵŴ򿪣ǿ˵˽ȥС
Ҳ°ﳤշ򸾶ԸǣϾҶǳڣŲκ
뱤ݺҶǳһƬ԰һЩӽڻ԰Уɫǳ
˻ܰ
һɾ¡
Ц
ԶﳤշѾӭˡ
ŰﳤգҶǳ˶ܵһǿͺ񿴵ħһ
Ҷ֣
ﳤձȭЦᣬǺ˧Ψһ˫ӣһҫۣ·޾Ĺâ
֣ҲǾŶԡҶǳȭ
ԱЦԶǿ̸ͣɣ𽣬ȥ׼ơ
ԹԵӦȥ


1282 鹥
һϯضǴĸˣҲںʲôأǳ⡣
𽽫ƶ󣬷ӿҶǳʵҶ֣ôô죿һ·һҲûͣɣ
ţҶǳ˵ͷЦ˵ǰʮ̫ˣɱħ֮󣬱ûͣ
ﳤպͷӶһۣ˶𺳡
Ҷǳ˼ɱħҲֲ̫˰ɡ
Ҫ֪Щħǳ࣬ڹȥҲֻܱ֤ƽͨɱħ
ƺ뵽ʲô̾Ҷֵһ¥ˡ
ﳤйâһҶǳ˵Ҷ֣˵ջǳǿ󣬲֪ɷҸһ£
ҶǳӷõһЩûԸܹЩ̫š
кβɣҶǳ΢΢һЦͷųԼƺﳤ֡
䣡һǿƴӰﳤϱԶʿǿڶԿ
ǿ˵˶𾪵ؿﳤա
ʱòƽˣ˵ΰһ޵ߣɢųҵԡ
ǰﳤյ۾ź棬ĿĽ⼤˲ֱӡ
ǿ
޵ڵһ¾վһ˫ҵĹâ˶ɢһǿ޵ս⡣
ﳤǿߣǳ޲֮սһ
ιιι侲㡣æס
޵ŷӦﳤѣҪд裬Ҳ˼Ҽд谡ʱڨڨ
˿̵İﳤգȴ𺳣Ѿȫ򣬵ʵɱѹˡ
ɣ
ﳤտҶǳ¶ŵĿ⣺ҵʵȻѹɣǿֲ
Ҫ֪Ҳ򣬵ˣɰѹʵ
⻹ɷӣ»ᱻѹ߰˳ʵ
ǻô
ﳤ֪Ϊʲôǿ˵ôˣôֲǰʮħƨ
ʲôҲѹɣ
Ա¶ݣΪӣȻﳤյʵжôǿ
ԣš
ƺЩСҶǳ
ֵʵǿǼλʿǱѹ˰˾ųʵҶǳЦ˵漴
ﳤտҶǳĿ⣬Ѿû˿СˣѾҶǳΪͬȲεĴڣǼʿѷɫ٣ʥʿҲ࣬ȻұѹɣôҲö١
һԵķӲɵ˷ܵһ۹ʿҲͲΪˣڱѹʵ£ʥʿĶ֡ҶǣԽЩʿˡ
ﳤյ˵ͷϲûʲôЦݣǴӵ꣬Ҷǳôֲ̫ˣΪУ»۹ʿŸӾв
Ϊޣ˴˶ǳĬ˲˰ﳤյ˼ǵĽ۹ʿ֮ҶǳһǾͲˡ
ӵģѾˣǿõĺôҶֻҪɣʣµĶǿ˵Աƽ֣һǷЧһˡ
Ƿģﳤһ㶣漴壺ؽǿգҲҲ
˴ֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶǳȻӦǲû⡣
Ͼ˼ҷ֮е˽Ҳ
֣֪Ϊζͣڴ˵أȥʮҶǳ漴ʵ
ǿ˵Ҳ䣬ǶԴҲǳ档
ֻﳤճǲȥʮǵʮЩ⣬ħó鹥ҵʵȻǿ󣬵ľȴЩħ
һԵķҲ˵Ҷ֣һΣȥ˲ء
ǿ˵˲ɵˣĴж٣аﳤաʥʿ޵ǿߣô֣Ȼȥʮжôֲ

ҶǳȻóôӦòǿҪʲôεľܵסǵ鹥
ﳤյͷǵȷǿǿҲ͸൱ħ鹥ȴܹشҵȣľûдﵽεģᱻֱɱǼﵽĲεľҲشӶʵ
̾ǼˣһΪֻľﵽΣܵסֻħ鹥ȻպʥʿǵľﵽĲ۷壬֣ӦҲֻܿħ


1283 ʿϮ
Ĳ۷壿
Σ
ҶǳһӵĻʱ˿ڵľǵĲ۷壬ϾҪͻƵˡ
𣬸Ѿﵽ˵Σ񶼽ӽ۷ˡ
ľ˼ֱɨˡ
ǿ˵Ҳ֪ǵɵЦ
ﳤշ򸾼״Щɻôôɣ
Цľﻹһλﵽεĸ֣ӽ۷ˡ
ʲô
ⲻܣ
ﳤշ𾪡
Ƕ󣬸˵ǵ۷ˣľɲΪҪġ
Ŭô꣬ҲֻǿﵽĲΣǰһǸûģѾʱۻԴﵽģҪ츳
Խľ͸츳йˣ츳У£˶١
֣ӣҵľΪѾﵽ˵Ĳ۷壬ҲԶˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ָ˵λʦһλõɮľӽΡ
ӷ𣡡ǫľֹҲֻǴеһˮ
̫ǫˣǿչ·ôҾû˭ľǿˡЦ
ﳤտտϸһ𣬹ȻĲ֮ȻʵǺǿû۷壬εȷܸߣǱ
Ȼһλõɮﳤվ
Ҳǹ
ĵõɮǶ𾴡
𲻸ҵæ
ҶǳЦ˵ڣҵľﵽΣôֺɾܴصʮˡ

ﳤ΢Цڣٽ鹥вʮҲͲʲôˡ
Ӹ̾ǻ׼뿪ǿչ·ڣлᴳػǿչ·ˡ
ﳤЦ뿪ǿչ·ɱȲֱӴػǿչ·ǰ߼㵽ǿչ·Ҳֻһɢޣ޸ƼֱܹӴػǿչ·ôл½ǿ
԰ֵݣѵĳΪ޸ƼҶǳ
ǿչ·˶֪ﳤһλ˽ӣʵʹڻ½ҲܳưһﳤֻҪȥ˻½ӦŵĵطŶԡ
˽վ̫ʣԵĻһϣܹһ½Ĵﳤյ˵λûмĸףʵûжٸ顣
˵Է֮ǰĸ㹻Դܹнĳɾͣλûмĸףʵûжӡ
ң˰ﳤȾ磬ȻҲϣȥ½£ҪԼһ·
ǰ֣Ǿһ뿪ǿչ·ɡҶǳ΢΢һЦ
ﳤչЦҵң
˵ҶǸ˵أϢһʱ䣬ҶʲôʱľͻƵ˵Σȥʮ
ҲãҶǳ˵ͷ
ڴʱһﳤյĸܹ˵磬۹ʿˣʥʿҲˣνȫ߲ơ
ﳤ۾һУߵǵϢͦ죬ҶǾ֪ˡ
ǿ˵ɫЩŹ֡
ӭŰﳤպͷɻĿ⣬ҶǳɹȻЦʵǸ˵أǾ֪ˣһ˵ߡڰˡھλʿȥԸǣֻǸˡ
ﳤպͷĿɿڴ뵽ҶǳǿֲҲȻˡ
Ҷ˵أͰ۹ʿŴ仨ˮǷ򸾣۹ʿŵ׷ɱǳͻƿǿʥʿӸ̾
ﳤվ˵˿󷨣ҶˣҲǺúóѵһʥʿˡ
ѾȲˡ޵սѾͲסˡ

һ˵⡣
Զɳ죬۹ʿڶڣƥ
ƲȺһ˶࣬ѹ԰ʵѹơ
ﳤտЦǰǾ˶࣬ҿ˵ػһħϻܹǿ⣬ǲŲҹֵҡ
ӶҶǳ˵ħϻʵ۹ʿţڴʥʿҺķȫԸǡ
Ҷǳг⣬˵ȻǽҾͳȫǣһ֧Ǿɱ
ڴʥʿ֮Уʲô顣ﳤЩֻЦ
Ҳڴ
ԶһϽս׵ӣһͷ̫棬ңң͸ƥİ
ʥʿ
ӶҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ۹ʿŵʿ֮УʥʿҫۣɵӶϵó


1284 潻
һ۹ʿڶضڲһȥǺѹѹһƬɽ˺
ÿһʿǴ𣬾µ̫ҲǴ
һʵֲ̫ˣҲѹܹưԻǿչ·ôꡣ
һϽս׵ʥʿһͳ˧˫
ʥʿ󣬱Ǻպʮλʿ̫ϣеǹһ˺Ѳ񷡣
ͣ
Ȼʥʿ߾еϽǹʱеʿͣͲǰнֹʹ
ǰҶǳ˶ɫһ䣬ֱֲͬһ
һﵽô쵽ģȻһȺѵ˾һһǳǶ֡ɫص
̾潻սǿչ·ȷҲ˭ǵĶ֣ħͻƽһҲС
ﳤ΢ЦҶֵڣ۹ʿҲ㲻ʲô
ǿ˵˶Դ˸ɵЦ
ͻȻһĿɨЯƥİ
ʥʿ˹Ŀɨˣͣڰﳤϣ˵ﳤգǿ˵ˣ㲻
ôĿﳤЦô꣬κιң
ʥʿ˵Ǽɵϻħ̵㵽ڡ
ڲɵ𣿡ﳤռ
ʥʿ˵һۣǷĲ֣˵ʲô
ﳤɫһʥʿһҪײˡ
߶ȫ󷨡
¡¡
ʱ𶯣󷨹âӳȥƬضסˡ
Щ󷨶Ƿ޾Ŭĳɹûһģô󷨾ۼɫ䡣
ǣʥʿȴǺ⣬һЦм󷨣ھԵʵǰֻСӵˡ
˵գӶеϽǹһɱ˺ݡ
һʿʱɱ󣬴һ貵Ĺ۳ͬˮڶݺݵغڱݵ档
ǣ
һ󷨶ʱ٣ը쳹ס
ɫ䣬һʿɵɱֲ̫ˣ¶εǿˣ󷨿Եֵġ
Ҷ֡
ﳤæҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ͷųȵĻɫӳȥյÿռ䶼ŤޱߵĻ𣬻ΪһƬɫĻ𺣣Ƭظǡ
𣡡
ʥʿһĿⶸȻҶǳʣǿ˵Ҷǳˡ
Сģǳֲҵʵѹ˰˳ɡھʿɫصѵ
Աߣʿ͵ڰʿҲһ£֮ǰǾͲ֮Уǿɱϰʿ
һսƽĳ衣
Сģɱȶʥʿ˵ͷ漴ѵ
ʵѣ۹ʿҲҴ⣬ɱ֮Уҵ
һʿɵɱǳֲεʥʿͰﳤ޵дϣֻ˱ᡣ
ѹ£һʿɵɱɱʵ
ô
ﳤտҶǳ
ҶǳһǶѹʵ㱻ѹʵһʿɵɱɺֲܿǿһЩ˺ǵ󷨲С
ɱо˺ܶˣıʮλʿҴ˶Ըǣܹסʥʿ𣿡ﳤʵ
ҶǳŵѹʵܶԸǾûʸˡ
Ǿô죡ﳤ΢΢һЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
漴ֱ
ҶǳԾ޵˵ȥʥʿʱ
𰡣æ֪ǵʵ޷ʥʿսǾɿຣϰﳤȥЩɱ󡣡
ҶǳעⰲȫûҪƴ
İɣֲǲԸ񣬿ຣķǶġЦ
Ҳ˵ͷ
߰ɣѾȲˡ޵ѾͲסˣһʥʿӶ˫ȭݺݵ˳ȥ
䣡
޵еһȭնˡ
ʥʿȴû£ֱһǹɨ˹޵кɳȥ
Ҿ㱻ѹʵҲһԵסġ
ʥʿĻþ޵ҧгݡ
û취˼ҵʵǱǿ
ʹ޵вǵѪҺҪȥʱҶǳѾһɱ˹۳֮Уҵĵâһֱ¡
ǲ
飬ضն롣
ֲĵ滮Ƶ棬ĺ蹵
˵ʥʿصɫˡ


1285 
ռѾҶǳˡĲΣǵǽֻһݣһƬҶԱռȫܡ
Ҷǳһ֮󣬷ȥ֮ȫǽ۳ʵʻâͬһ֧ͨ񷡣
ʥʿһ߱ѹƣһҪԿƬ磬ܵǰδеѹ
䣡
ʥʿ⼤߾еϽǹҪƬ񷣬µ̫Ҳͷ˻𣬶
ƵһƬ嫺ϯ
޵иܵϢѹ߾ȫȴʥʿǰ
ȥɱ
ʥʿ̫ͷ̫ʱž޵ɱȥ֫׳ⷢ̤ͬأֲƾκһ㲻ϵرڶ
һͷҲҷ¾ơ޵дŭʥʿȻһͷɱֱ̫ˡ
ͷ̫ǿʵʿ֮УʵѹƵĺܲңǾ޵еĶ֡
һߣʥʿеϽǹ̴գҶǳɱ
˸ǹ⣬ųѤĿԣֲʥʿΧȥһƬ顣
Ҷǳһɫǰδеء
ʥʿһǹо˷˺ڰ·綼ֻʣһϽɫǹ
ƥľâҶǳͬһʹ·ϽɫǹѾ֮̽С
ǹĳ
ҶǳһĽһʱ䷢εĽնʥʿ
ţ
ʥʿǳ񣬸ܵΣȴָоЩϤϾ뵽˵ʮħ

ʥʿͫһҶǳĿдһ˿𾪣Сӵֶλ࣬ƿػھȻܷ鹥
ֹ֪ʥʿȴû취ֵֻܷ
ΪӦʮħЩһֱڿľѾﵽ˵ĲΣ㹻ˡ
ৣ
Ľնʥʿʥʿķȴʥʿסʥʿһ¡
Ĳ۷弶
ʥʿһڸܵҶǳľΪк𾪡
Σܹﵽεľǵһμ
䣡
εĲϯ
ڰʱ޾Ľٴչ֡
ҶǳĽȻû˵ʥʿȴʥʿİԵǹ⣬ϽǹҶǳ۳ӡסˡ
һǹʥʿٴγĮеǹһ޵ֱӳҶǳͷ¡
һǳԵҪҶǳ롣
ǲ
ռ飬롣
ͺһ澵ӣиߺ롣
Ҫٶȴﵽһ£Ľ
ʵϣʥʿһǹȷ쵽˼£쵽Ҷǳ۾
Ҷǳ׼߶ʩչʽվСŭ
𣡡
һ޴˳ˣߴɣƶصħ񣬻¶ȼſֲĻ
ȫɻ۶ǿĻӿֲÿһѪⶼͷų˵Ϣ
أ
Ȼ˶ȭͷݺݵغʥʿһǹʥʿˡ
ռ
Ҷǳʤ׷˶һ񽣣˺ؿռ䣬һնʥʿ
һߣҶǳγɼлʱھȻռϷ磬Ƶʥʿֻܷ
ã
ԶﳤտһĻɵôһϲɫ
Ҷǳܹѹʥʿû뵽
ҶֵסʥʿֵˣﳤպԼӷӶһۣͨʱԼĴ㡣
Ŷһʿɵɱ󣬰ﳤЦͬ󷨣ôû׼
ɱ
ﳤմԼĸߣŶɱɱȥ
٣۵ǣǾȻɱɱ֮С
һʿɵɱ󣬾Ȼһ©Ǹ׼ȷطˡ

ں̾ɱ©ֻһҳֵʱķǳݣֻжɱָƵˣץסһ˲©ʱ䡣
ǵжô꣬ﳤ־ͨ󷨣Ҳ֡Ц
˵꣬кǿ˵˴ߣƣȺʿһȺ㣬Ǿɱ¾ɡ
ɱһˣһʿʵʱѹƵ˾ųɶ࣬ʣµһʵΪסǿ˳ԱĶ֡
ڳһˣնɱһʿ
˲䣬۹ʿʬҰѪƯ֡
ܰﳤշֻмٸߣǿֻмʮԱ֮УǾƿвһǳɵؾɱһλ۹ʿ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ǧ۹ʿ䣬Ѫɺӣǳҡ


1286 ҫǿ
䣡
һɾʥʿϱ˫޾ĺڰԨһɿֲš
Զ۹ʿŵİԽԽˣڿʼƴˡ
û˿Դ۹ʿţ
ʥʿкâ䣬죬һɺڰ˳еϽǹ֮нһ˿˿漴綼ޱߵĺڰ֮С
һ̣ҶǳԼоΧһƬԶնɱ۹ʿǿ˳Աﳤյˣ׷˺ڰ֮С
Ҳ۹ʿǣΧĺڰûˣ飬
ô£Ҷǳһ
æ߶Ľ˺ѺڰҲֻǿʥʿΧ
סʥʿĹ
ףƺȸղż˲١Ҷǳסʥʿһ֮Щɡ
ڴʱﳤյСģʥʿĺڰ򣬳ľﵽĲβǿһĻͻޱߵĺڰ֮СЩ۹ʿǵʵҶֵˣ㿴ǣҲ޷вǡ󷨣޲Ĺ
ҶǳԣʱȻ
ɱɱ󣬿ɱǡھʿ
Щ۹ʿǿûڰǳҶǳһϹӵʱ򣬸ϽɱҪɱҶǳһ
ڴʱɱûɺ󷨵۹ʿ˺ѡ
ӷ𣬴ҸӦҵķվλã󷨣йҿؿǡ
財
ľﵽεʥʿĺڰҲ޷ܹ֮ؿеһС
ã
ﳤմʱҲ뵽ӵеεľʱϲġ
ľȻﵽ˵Σʥʿ𣬲ɵͫһ漴ˣȫˡ
û뵽ҶǳһȻһľﵽεĸ֡
ȫ֮⣡
֪µʿǶҪɱˡ
ɱﳤմɱ۹ʿǡ
ˣһ·׷ɱ۹ʿǣֱ뿪Զ
һߣʥʿҲҶǳľʵǿ㱻ˣҶǳҲܻɱɵˡ
һս۹ʿɲҰܣǧʿ
ﳤ˷ܵĴɱǧʿ۹ʿŻδй˴ܣˬ
Ӷһ˷ܡ
ﳤµЩ߾͸ӼˣЩˣΪôһֱ۹ʿѹƣս˺ܶѡ
Ǵ۹ʿţڱˡ
ֻǿ˵ûжټΪǸҶǳһ·Ǻɨˣ޵¡
һʼУӮ֮Ҳ͵ˡ
Ҷǳ˹ʵҪʤ׷𣿡
ﳤճƬ̣漴ҡͷʱˣƵ̫ݣʥʿᷢġοɲֻʥʿһˣħϻʣԼڰеɱ̫ǿƵĻЩ˺ܻܿôֵ
ҶǳҲԣһʥʿ£ټأǾҲС
ߣȻȥϢһ֮ҶֵĴᴫǿչ·ˣﳤմЦ
һȺ»صݣϢϢ

ﳤ˵ûʥʿɱѾˣ˶ڰйע
ǶԽ²׷ףǸû۹ʿŻҰܣǸڲ²ﳤǷύҶǳ
ʥʿοɱˣȻʿ
ﳤӦûύǿ˵ˣѣٺ٣˫ʵԵȵʱѾġ
ǿ˵վ̫ſˣǣǰ漸ͣһʱ䣬ʵԿʥʿٹҲ
˼ǰ·ɨ޵ϰˣΪԼʥʿԲŸ
֪ηԼ

۷׷ףȴʱϢڴˡ
۹ʿŲҰܣǧʿǿ˵Ҷǳƾһ֮ѹʥʿ
Ϣ˷ˡ
һɴ۾š
֮ǰû뵽Ҷǳܹʥʿֱ漣漣ĳˡ
ûΪսǰﳤģϾôﳤշ򸾶۹ʿѹơ
ǹ˼ħϻʣ°ﳤշ򸾶ʥʿɱˡ
ڣ۹ʿȫȴҰܶ飬ȻҶǳǿġ
ǿչ·ֵһλ޵ǿˡ
ǿ˽Ϊǿչ·ǿ
Ҷǳעҫǿչ·
ǿչ·Ҷǳʱˡ

̾
ȺУüͷ壬Ҷǳһ˴˵أһֱʵʱ֪ҶǳʵȻǿоһ˿Σ


1287 ħ
ҵʵλʮʿ⣬ʥʿԲҶǳȴܹʥʿһң»ɱҡ
ϢȺС
кΪ׼½ͳһ㣬ҶǳͲŹ
ȻԶȺУֻҪҶǳ֣Ǿûµġ
ǣȥȻżض٣Ͼÿ˶ܶɹʮ͵ʮ߲ڵʮ˲
һʱ򴳹صˣҲ͸ױ¶ˡ
ԼӦЩʲôǰסԼ
˵ĵ˾ѡ
һЦתȥ
ҪȥʥʿֶԿҶǳ

һҶǳչľڽʵûкúõһľ
񣬴Ӱﳤ֪˵ʮҪúһľΡ
ҶǳѾﵽĲ۷壬ͻƵĹؿڣʱһʱиָӿͷ
ʱ䲻֪š
Ҳ֪ȥãҶǳľͻƿ˵Ρ
ľĲ絶澳磬˵һ־ᶨ絶κħ˺һħϡ
ľĵħ磬ͷǳˣΪû򹥻ҲԽˡ
ħָ˵ħˣܹӰΧˣĻ⣬ͿΧħ
ȫԼ֮ǾͿľĲµ߻ħ
ȱΪԸˣҲԸһУҪػܵˡ
Ҷǳͻƽ˲䡪
ʱоԼõһ˾Զǿˡ
ҲµĹȻûܹǿ˵츳
Ҷǳһϲ
ȻΪûӣ츳ռ֮ʱٶȴӿˣδͿø̵ʱΪ
֮⣬ľҲĽǿˡ
ݣ
ҶǳһһĽʱȥӰΣԶ
ҶǳĹ۲죬ʱĽǿˣٶȣ֮ǰǿʮֹ
ǰһսĽʥʿȴֻܽ亳˶޷ɡɼͬεĽͬεľ˺
Ҷǳ
֮ǰǵĲ۷壬ʥʿľǵĲγڣȻܴ󣬵˴վǵĲΡ
ˣĽƻҲӦ׾ˡ
ľѾ˵ΣʹĽǿࡣ
ٴζʥʿҵĽ޷شҲˡ
Ҷǳ¶һĨЦݡ
ֻǶʥʿСˣ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ҫֹ֪֮䣬һСԾʤˡ
⻹ʥʿЩľûдﵽĲεˣƻᱻĽش
۹ʿŵУʥʿʮλʿ⣬ʿľﵽĲΣһҵĽɨȥЩ˶Ҫش
Ҷǳ¶ŵЦݡ
һ̿ʼ۹ʿѾûвˣ㲻ðﳤշ򸾰һ˶ܶԸ۹ʿˡ
Ҫ֪Щͨʿ֮ʱʵ˾ųɶ࣬ٱĽشǻʣ¶ս
µʱǿһԱɱһƬ۹ʿˡ
ûôͨʿ⿿ʥʿһˣʮʿҶǳ˵ûʲôв
ľȻ£ҿһֱûⷽииоľļ⽫Ϊĵơ
Ҷǳ뵽
ս½ʱľֻΪ˼ᶨ־ǿ츳û뵽һܹ֮ˡ
Ҷǳеҡ
ֻϧ·̫ˣûǿ츳ߵľΡ
ʥʿﳤǣеţʱǶＸʮꡢ꣬ǵľܹﵽĲξѾǼˣ㣬Ǻķʱܹﵽġ
Ҷǳʶ֮УҲֻԼ˴ﵽΡ
Уֲľﵽ۷ˣʱҲһԭ
٣ҶǳоԼľ츳١
⻹ǵΣǵľҵĽشɱʥʿˡ
ҶǳԼԺҪһЩʱľ½Ŷ繷ҲĽܹЩſ⡣
Ҷ֣ͻ𣿡ﳤͻȻ
ӡҲѯʡ
ȻľͻϢǸղҶǳʩչһĽһ˲䣬ñڵˣ֮⣬ܵһΣС
ϾҶǳڵĽѾܹ˵ﳤˡ


1288 취
ͻˣ
յ˵Ĵ֮ҶǳԽټߴϢ
ﳤռǾ̾Ǹ˵Ҷֺľﵽ˵ΣҶ֣εľټȫȥʮˡ
ʮ赲ô꣬㿴ϣˣҲǻأִ½΢Ц˵дһĨڴ֮ɫ
ҶǳǲͬǱڻǿչ·ܶ꣬Ƕаս磬ȴһֱѹΪΪǲͻĻǰ½һǴǿչ·ûһô
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ȴüͷ
뵽ëЩˣЩľûʲô츳ʮԺҲҪڴ˵أ
ˣǲܴǿչ·ڴ˵ؽ뿪ɡ
Ҷǳ漴ҡҡͷֻҪëǰȫɣܴܲػǿչ·ǴҪġ
ֻҪڻ½úãôëȻõûԴһ½һ
һ˵õȮ죬ˡ
Ҷ֣׼ʲôʱȥʮﳤտҶǳʵȻϾȥϾҪҶǳҶǳǻȻҶǳġ
˵տʼˣ԰ﳤΪףҶǳʥʿ֮˺Ҷǳռλ
Ҷǳʱ뿪һҪɱ֮뿪
˵
Ҷǳʥʿʵûôɱ⣬Ͼ۹ʿŵ֮УһֱռϷ磬µһûʥʿɱ۹ʿŵʿѾɱ˼ǧˡ
ʥʿ鷳Ȼ飬ҶǳҲûôɱ⡣
ҶǳǱɱġ
Ϊںѹ½£½ô궼ûе
м˵ģ粹̴ʼ˲ҲƵ뿪½
׼½ȻʱһЩѾҶǳħƴ½½һǳӴ֡
ǶΪλ飬ͱ׼ˡ
ҶǳѾħͷӿֲˣħͷȻɱҲѾʧȥУֻҪȥκ飬»ﶼϧ
˵ʵԽǿԺΣԽ󡣡
Ҷǳ漴߰ﳤյˡ
Ŵͣţֲ̫ˣȻ׼飬ħɱҲֻɱ飬ѾԽħˡ
ǿֲҹʵ㲻ҵȣҲӽˡﳤɫص
뿴һ˼Ȼںô츳϶ǳǿ󡣸ο˻ȫ˼棬ʵôܻ
λʲôõİ취ҿҵҶǳʵ
ﳤտЦôˣһأѷֵģܲһȥ̽ɣˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷΪʮԴأԻǿչ·ǿ߶ۼȻࡣ
˵ˣһȥ̽飬ǾΪʥʿôŶô
Ҫ֪ʥʿһʿɢޣʹССмʮ֮࣬˭ôˣ³ܲҡ
һ취֪вС
Ȼ˵
Ҷǳʱ۾һȲʵ˵
ﳤҲؿԼӡ
΢Ц٣⿿ǵȷҵõǷأ˵ֻͣҪ˭ܹҵټǾʹһ𴳹ʮңҲԽƣȥħϻʰæҲ뿪ǿչ·
ﳤͷƱǿԴʮƣͲ˲æ
Ǿô죡
ҶǳҲõİ취Ͼһ˶ˣôҪҲ͸ˡ
ȫ԰һЩϢ͸¶ôأҲᱻߵ˷֡
֣ȥϻʺħӣͷҶˣϾӴ֪һЩ˼ʱһ𷢲ȥ
Ҷǳ漴֣˵ġ
û⣬齻ҡӵ˵ͷ
һԵЦǼһӡô꣬Ǹˡ
ӷ𣡡ϺˣڶԴϣҲֻһ֡ɱ


1289 ħ
뿪ݣҶǳתͷԱߵİﳤʵ֣ȥ˭
ϻʰɣһ˵Һϵﳤճ
Ҷǳ˵ͷƽȺһȻٲ۹ʿԵֻҪǣǾͲ鷳
ϻʾסĵطǳɣһ޴ʯݸƣΧиߴĳǽһ޴ĳǳء
ǽѲߵĻƽϿ˰ﳤգɵͫһﳤգʲô
ϻʳ𻰣ﳤյ˵ȻǴҲвģǰֻƽϻ̸
ߣֻƽȻˬҲ֪ԼʵȰﳤղԶˣת뿪ȥϻʡ
úϻʾ˳ǽϣİﳤպҶǳӹһ˿ȣ漴Ц֣ʲôˣˣλؾҶɣ
Ҷǳʥʿ飬ѾˣϻȻҶǳǿ߷ǳע
ϻʣҶǳ˱ȭ
ǣЩƽϻһУϲΪΣһֱ塣
ϻʵ;͸ӿֲˣֱһɽȵһ嶼ҪߴѹǽҪô
ҶǳͰﳤռֱСһֻϡ
Ҳϻʾͺһڰɣϲ߸ϵظˡ
ϻʣôԴ𣿲ǽȥ𣿻˵㵣㲻ﳤߵ
ϻЦֻһҵȻ£λҶҿǷǳɵ
ﳤЦû뵽Ҳϻʼɵˡ
Ҷ˭ɵϻҡҡͷǳҶǳͰﳤսǡ
ϾҶǳҲ˵ˣһҶǳǣ˵ʵᱻʱټһﳤգǾ˶࣬Ҳ˵Ķ֡
ϻʣǿɲ鷳ġҶǳ΢ЦиæҪ
ϻһЦ˵ҲԸҶΪУ˵ҲûʲôԹҶʲôԸ˵ֻҪܹϣҾһæ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦλϻʵȷ˵
ʵϣϻҲҪҶǳϾҶǳʵ˵ֲ̫ˡ
ġҶǳ漴˵
ϻ֮Ҳһ̾һﻹǷ׼磬붼롣ԣ˵ʵӦòҵȲ٣ҿ԰ѰҪץֻܿˡ
ʱϻʳΪҿԴǴصʮҶǳЦ˵
ʲô
ϻɫһ䣬𾪵ؿҶǳæʵаմصʮ
ûҶǳ˵ԱߵİﳤձЦ˵ϻʣҶֵľѾﵽ˵ΣҶǳǿ֮лһľﵽ۷ˡټҶֵ룬صʮ׾ٵġ
˻
ϻʵһ𾪵ľΣһô꣬ҲǿľĲΣҸоѾ޷ˡ
˵ˣҲ𺳡ﳤտЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦϻʣ㿼ǵô
ʲôϻҡҡͷ漴Ҷǳһᷢȥ̽٣һһȫɱ
ǾͺãҶǳ˵ͷ

ϻʣҶǳͰﳤħס
ħƺϲܣסĵطǳȺĹЩǺɫģǳ磬ϡ
ңҶǳóЩǰУһ󷨣֮ܽ˻
ϻʵĽͬħԼǳţڵ֪ҶǳͰﳤǰ֮󣬱ǽ
һ޴ĺɫħ߾λŵ߽ҶǳͰﳤգ˵֣λؾҶɣ֪ʲô飿
Ҷǳüħʢˣѹְﳤ˵ϻʺ˵λħϻʵȷ˵ˡ
ϻʣæҶǳ漴һ顣
ϻʵķӦͬħ֮¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽Ҳҵôû뵽Ҳ׼飬ڵʵ͸ǿһЩˣϧˡ
Ҷǳ
ﳤգ
ǾԼǲҴˡ
һҶǳħħΪΣ
æ𣿡ħһϷŰؿҶǳʵƾʲô㣿ʲôô
ҶǳȻ֪˰װװæʱ˵ҵľﵽ˵ΣټҵҿԴ㴳ʮ
Ŷ
ħͫһɫ仯˼£漴͵վĿҶǳҲϲ˽ˣϲƿر˵ˣȻаմʮǾͳҰɣ򡪡
䣡
ħĻ£һ޴󷨶ʱա


1290 ɨ
ħͻȻҶǳͰﳤЩֲû뵽ħʲôҶǳ֣ѵ֪ʥʿ³
˼֮䣬ħµѾˣħ󷨺ģǧ߶󷨣Ƭ򳹵׷ˡ
ҶǳͰﳤձڹ档
ΧӿȵħѾ׼ˣֻħһ£̶Ƿ
ħ˫֣ؿǣЦû뵽ǾҵģʶĻϽĳңұһ
ţ޾һж֡
ȻҶǳʥʿҶǳаֵ£ڣҶǳͰﳤ֮Уܶù
ҶǳЦˣĵôаɱǣ
ﳤնħŭȵħʥʿ³Ϊ˶ã

ħԹЦĿ˵ɨӶߵ棬ҵȷûգѾӪ£һôڣˣܹӳ
ﳤøϻתͷҶǳ˵ɱһơ
ҶǳɫĮ֮ǰͶħûʲôøУħæҲ򲻵ѣȻħħˡ
ħһλᣬùԹԵسȥ󷨣ҵͱҲ
Ҷǳؿħ
ħһЦҵҪζҲ֡
һ£ħʱһҶǳͰﳤû
¡¡
Ҷǳһʱ䷢ʱЩǹĺȫˣȻ󱻰ﳤһ˵ˡ
̫ˣ
ﳤղм
ǻȷħ¶֮ɫЦҸҪշ㣬ǵҵ£ǿչ·ҲûҵĶˡǰ½ʹǴһƬأͳһ½
Ҷǳħһûб߼ˣȻͳһ½һֶˡ
ﳤգ㡣ħһﳤա
֮Уʵ࣬ǰﳤյĶ֡
Ѱ裡
ﳤһлħһЦɱħ
ħʵĶ֣ܿͱѪ
ҿҶǳħħ
֪ɱҶǳôܵıǡ
ǣħЩ£ĿɱҶǳ
ٶȷ󷨹ħħһ£ҶǳɱⱩǣ
ݣ
ҶǳĽգɱһλλħ¡
ħ֮ˣͲóľ˵ʵҪġˣħЩ£ľڵΣħ֮УҲֻ˵ľﵽ˵ĲΡ
⻹еʮĴڣƵľĻǵľﲻΡ
ϧǵεľҶǳĽʱ˲ͱشꡣ
ۡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬֮УħЩǣһѪЩ߻ħ
󷨣ѾΪһЦˡ
ϾλľΪûдﵽĲħҶǳĽشʹѾˡ
ɱ
Ҷǳûɱ˽ȥ߶ûˡ
û󷨵İæЩ˵ʵһӾͱ˾ųɶ࣬ȻټҶǳĽʣʵ͸Ӳֵһˡ
ռ
ҶǳһɨȥٸնɱмλħɱһлŭѪɡ
ʲô
ԶﳤռսħһĻɵȻ
ﳤЦҶֵľﵽ˵ΣһӰΣûа취赲ҵȱУҪˣЩľڵεķٶ࣬Ҷɱġ
ס֣ס֣䣬ҴӦæħ۾ˣҶǳÿһλӽҪնɱ¡
Ҳֻмǧ£ȴڶ̶Ƭ֮ǧˣ޷ܡ
ʹͣͣΪҶǳûһƢ𣿡Ҷǳһû֣ͣԽԽˡ
䣡
һлŭҶǳǰһλħնɱ
ҶǳӽɱȥЩħѾˣҲǰ׳գĽ˫ع֮£Ҷǳǰϣᱻɱ
˷ɢӣ
ħҲ֪޷أݺݵصһҶǳ㲻ﳤվ̰˳򣬴һЩдߡ
׷
Ҷǳ԰ﳤմ漴׷ħɱȥħȻӵÿ죬ȴ첻Ľ
ֻҪľΪûдﵽĲΣĽĹܵشȻٶȴҶǳͰﳤնɱ


1291 ׷ɱ
һ죬ħ˵һӡ
ʱħǿչ·޵дڣȻ׷ɱһڵҴܡ
һ·׷ɱУħ»˲ϵرɱ
ħߵ£ԽԽ١
ħѾֻʣλˣһ˻Ʋأֶ֪ܹá
Щ£Ҳֻʣһǧˣʧȵ۹ʿŻҪҡ
һ·ϣһĻˣȫˡ
ħҶǳͰﳤ׷ɱϢͬ籩һ㣬ϯˣ𾪡
ʥʿ֮һ޵ǿ߰Ҷǳˡ
ħȻ׷ɱ
׷ɱҶǳͰﳤգʥʿˣħܸҲ
ҶǳͰﳤպô°æֻˣɱħһȺǱӴܣֲ̫ˡ
ûҶǳʵƺǿˣǿֲ

۵ȻСħǺεǿߣȻõ
˵ֱǳ裬̫ˡ
޲ͣҶǳսһµԽԽ࣬
󷨣ˣû󷨣Աµ˿Ҫˡ
Ҷǳס֣䡣
ħҧгݣȴҲòҶǳͷ
ȥ˵ˣ˶ûˡ
Ҷ֣ѵðһǵһμħѡͷﳤЦ˵
ûмСħҲˣݺݵص˰ﳤһۣ
谡
ħԹзģԺһҪɱҶǳͰﳤգϴ̽ĳ衣
Ҷǳľﵽ˵ΣǳǿȻԸܵħеԹޣ֪ħѾǡ
ħԼѡ񣬹ֵ˭
ɱ
Ҷǳ԰ﳤմԵˣûôʴȡ
ȻѾħǻĹħʲôħǿǱɱѣ
Ҷǳս½һ·ߵ죬ɲʱ棬ûа֣ԽԽ
Ҷǣ
ħҧгݵ˻
ҶǳĿ֮Уǿҵɱ⡣
ȻɱˣôҶǳѾɱˡ
Ѱ·ֵ˭Ҷǳһ
ߣħ޺޵غܿܣҽˣҪɱңԶ
˵꣬˳۹ʿפĵطȥ
Ҷǳʶ۹ʿפĵطǰﳤʶħܵķ򣬶ʱҶǳ
ϻʳзӴ˹콫һҶǳ
ﳤճ⵹һûᣬħʥʿԻǿչ·Σ̫ˣ˭ǣֻ·һҶѽ̤ǿչ·ô˻ǣԾ󻼡
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲĴ㣬ȻʥʿħԸ񣬵ȵë̤ǿչ·϶ᱻΣ

ƽһפء
ϻѾ֪ħҶǳͰﳤ׷ɱϢˣЦֻħǼһ̫ԴˣҪûշҶǳͰﳤգߵˣ
ʣҪȥæ𣿡һʵ
ϻʵͷȻҪȥѵúҶǳãΪʲôȥ˵ҶǳڣħʥʿˣǽҶǳܹʮܳô˻뿪ǿչ·ֶΪ
˵öԣǸ뿪ǿչ·ˣô꣬Ҷᷳˡһ˵
ǴڵʮڴǰҪˣҪķѺܴۣһǲ˵ġ
ĿռȻ󣬵ʲôûУʵ̫ˡ
Ѿǰ½ˡ
ֵǣߣȥħʥʿϻʴһ۹ʿŵפء
ͬʱҲŰﳤյ׷ɱţǿ˵˸۹ʿŵפء

۹ʿפء
ʥʿȻҲյϢҪ֮ٲҲܹҶǳɱħ
ȴ˵˵ĵ˾ѣȻİ£ʵҲ˺ͬΣǹ⿿ˣɲҶǳǵĶ֣ȻħǾͿˡ
ʥʿİ£Ѿͻƿ̤޵дĲΡ
֣ħǵˡʥʿޱ˵
֮ԸΪҲʵ̫ɵҶǳҶǳͰﳤɱò
ȻʮλʿҪﵽ޵дΣҪ츳µʿѾﵽޣû취ˡ
ǵħᷴ𣿡
ʥʿЦ˵ɱҶǳôԸħôԸҪ֪ڿѾĲˡ
ٵȵȣĸһЩӵٳʥʿĬƬ̣漴˵
˵ͷҲãЩ¶ǷֻҪħսЩҲ⡣


1292 ս

ħݺݵš
ѾʥʿԮˣԷȴ˵Ͼ
ٸƨٶҶǳɱġ
ֻҪʥʿܰסҶǳͰﳤգʥʿȴ˵ⲻҪ˶һЩ
һˡ
ħɱ
£òͷ
ߣǼӿٶȣټ¡ħλħ˵
Ȼո˵꣬һλħʱɫҰףȻ˾ôϢ׹ȥʧȥϢ
ħͫһ֪λħܵҶǳĽĶ෬Ѿˡ
ߣ
ħȻʹҶǳҲ֪ԼԶҶǳĶֻ֣ӡ
ħҲħ
СӾȻɳز
һǴħȻؿ׷ҶǳȥھųҶǳһЦ
ǿߣƵħǱӴܣôܻᱻշ

˭뵽Ҷǳôǿ
ɱħǱӴܣɱλħǧħ¶ɱˡ
ħֻλħٶӵ۹ʿŵפء
ʥʿҲװģˣһ߽Ӧħפأһ߿󷨡
ҶǳѾԹһ飬ٴˡ
ǣǵ͹ҶǳֶΡ
ݣ
Ľɨȥͬһ֮Уɱһλλ۹ʿ
ʱһЩĽʿֱɱĽǿҲش
ν󷨣˲ͱҶǳһ˻ˡ
¡¡
ֲ֮û۹ʿŵפأǧʿУʵ˾ųɾš
Сģͨ鹥ľѾﵽ˵ΣûеĲεľֵסħѵ
£ʥʿŭ
ô˵
ղŵĽһʿǧˣҲˣʧ̫ˡ
ħǰ˵ȴû˵ȻҪҲԿһΡ
ǣʥʿҲֻܴ̣Ҷǳǰٺħ˺
ɱ
ҶǳͰﳤѾɱ۹ʿŵפء
ԷȻڶ֮࣬УǾͲ塣
ǰﳤգʵҶǳǿ󣬸ʥʿħࡣ֮Уʵ۷״̬ʥʿħȴɡ
ľ޴ƣﳤһ˾͵סħʥʿ
Ҷǳȥɱ۹ʿħĲо
Ȼһδ֪ĸֵס
䣡
һֱǾ춯أǱ쵶նɱ֧飬ǿĵâ˺ѵأǳֲ
ֻǸһӴҶǳ֪ǰ˵ʵħʥʿһ޵д
˭
Ҷǳ䶢ǰˡ
ڵңȴʶңǺǡЦ˵
ҶǳͫһѹָղǱô죬ԭһѾʥʿᵽһ
Ҷǳ޾壬ߵ·㲻ߣ㴳ҾΪ½鱨ѩޡ
䣡
ҶǳռֲĽâնһУĩռ޵⾳ϯƬãء
ݣ
䣬âգ綼˽ĺ֮С
ԶԶȥâΣƷ籩һư硣
ͣ
Ҵ⣬۳쵶ӭȥϧʵɣҲֻǿסҶǳĹ޷Ҷǳ
ҶǳǿߣֺαذЩϷôʴȣǲ·Զ
Ц
ϾûбˣҲûзŭʼնǵЦݣûиı
ģҶ㲻ʴȵġ
Ҷǳһŭ
¡¡
ڣֲ۳һ޴ĻˣӶ˶ȭͷ
ǲ
쵶˺Ѳ񷣬ֵҶǳĹ
ݣҶǳûĽɱ
ƺһû˿˵ơ
ҶǳüͷħܵĽĹҪЩˣȴûУѵľΪ
ȻֻЦҵľѾﵽ˵Ĳ۷壬ȻȲ㣬Ҳ˲ҡ
䣡
ͬʱ۹ʿѾٴϺ󷨣ҶǳɱҶǳ
һʱ䣬ҶǳǸѹסˡ
ʱ䲢ûгãΪӴɱˡ
⣬ƽһҲɱˡ
ֵĳ氡ɲٵҡϻʴЦɱʥʿЦͿ㲻ˬˡ
أ
ϻһȭֲΧĿռ䶼ˣʥʿֱӺѪɡ


1293 ;ĩ·
ô
ϻЩȺĿɿڴǰʵʥʿȻһȭѪɣеЩš

ﳤտϻʾȵӣɵЦŽ͵֮УֻҪҶǳΪеģᱻѹΪȴڣҲᱻɡ
ѹ֣
ϻʶʱȻʥʿʵҲѹֱһȭѪˡ
ʥʿû뵽Ҳн죬ˬҪ趼ʶ㡣ϻ漴һЦؿʥʿ
ʥʿǵѪҺҧгݵصϻʣҲΪУ
ΪΣбҧҰ
ϻʲмһЦӶŽɫȭͷӴʥʿշѹȥ
ԵǰʵʥʿĶ֣ȫѹסˡ
أ
ʥʿϻĺܲҡ
ħϻʣҶǳʵôǿԸǣѱᷴҧһڡаﳤգʱҶǳԸǣҿθԿ
ϻüͷһ壬ȷЩġ
ֲ̫ˣҶǳԸû취ֵ
ﳤЦҶֵΪˣǿչ·˶ҶֵĸߣûзЧҶ֡ȣҶֵؽǿգ
ϻʣҿԷģֻҪ㲻ΪУұ뿪ǿչ·Ը㡣
Ҷǳ˹
ȻںսӴ󣬿۹ʿŵפء
ãҲҶϻʵõҶǳı̬Цһٶɡ
ħʥʿɫޱȣϻǿ߼룬Ƕʱ·
ʱħﳤѹŴʥʿϻѹŴҶǳƽ
۹ЩʿǣħǣͲǷӡƽһĶˡ
ǻƽһλǵʵӺ;޵Уǿһ۹ʿǸǶ֡
Ͼ۹ʿҪħµλħʵɣôǷǵĶ֡
οҶǳʱؿĽɱЩ۹ʿܴӳʵԽԽ
۹ʿǣħ˵ʱ˿ֱ̼ͬһ㡣
Ǳ˾ųɶʵֲͣرҶǳĽ꣬ǸоԼʵһɶӲ
ЩʿħǣҲûжٺùǷӳʵҲһɡ
ʱţ۹ʿǺħѾˣֻʣ¼ʿħǿ֧ţǸӲΪӡ޵УλǸΧסˡ
棬ֿຣ󣬺ͻƽһɱסܵ·ߡ
ȴǵģֻ
Ҷǣ
ʥʿҧгݵصҶǳټ۹ʿţΪҶǳˡ
ǿչ·۹ʿţɢˡ
ʥʿкܲģЩڣڵûжǲһЩʿȥɱҶǳ
ϧûкҩ
ҶǳħһŹġԶħҲŭš
ʥʿ˳Ϊ˾ˡ
ħӳȥ˵ݻɡﳤЦ
ԶϻҲЦŵͷǵڣǵһȥɡ
ɱң㻹ʸ񣡡ʥʿһȼǿʵϻʣԶ
䣡
һߣħҲϵȼѰﳤߡ
Ӳģ
ﳤں׷ɱħ
ϻҲ׷ʥʿЦȼҵҪֶܹá
䣡
ҲҶǳʥʿħһߡ
ҶǳѾˣ˵ҲҪ뿪ҵ򡣡
˵գ߶׷ħǡ
ʵԲħʥʿһ
Ǳٶȣռ֮Ĵٶȿɱ˿ˡ
ԣʥʿôӣӲ
ο֮⣬ħʥʿľֻǵĲγڣĽ£꽥ˣٶҲࡣ
ʥʿһɥ֮Ȯ
ϻһ׷ɱʥʿһ߳Ц
ʥʿҧгݣͣ
ħҲһﳤս׷ᡣ
ֻһ㣬Ͼ޾ҶǳĽ
ҲҶߣΪһˣôħʥʿˡ
ȵҶǳնɱħʥʿ¼ҹһˣ·һ
λֻȥʮħǣȻˡħʥʿ
ʥʿͷȼֲ˶á
ǵľΪ̫ˣܹĹʮ𣿡ħЩġ
˵ҵľǵĲ۷壬ӦÿǿסЩħ鹥ңҲֻʣ·ˡ
ʥʿħҲ࣬޷Ҷǳˣֻеȥʮһѡ


1294 ס
Ǻʮˣ
ﳤտʥʿܵ·ߣ΢΢һҶǳϻʵ˵
Ҷǳ˽ϻʶϤͷһ׼Ҫȥʮ
ħڶ࣬Ҫߣ֮ضӸ˹˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲǰ׳գ˲ʥʿǵĿġ
Ҷǳ漴ЦȻˣԾͳŽȥʮɡ
Ҳãǵ˶ûȥˡﳤЦ
ϻʺٺЦǾһаҶˣʮҿڴѾð
ߣһǿչ·Ц
ǻƽһ壬ǰﳤյ׷ߣǿ˵ˣʿǣ˷ܡ
һȺ˳ʮ
ԶɢǼ״ǳ𾪡
ʥʿħϻʡﳤաҶǳǶȥʮˡ
Ǵ¼
һЩ뿪ˣôǿչ·û޵дˡ
оһʱˡ

ʮһƬã֮УѪˮȾʬǱضǣһƬ
̫ˡ
ҶǳһɨȥʬǣħģҲģҲ޵ģȺС
һԵķӸпʮһؿǰ֪Ҳ͸ˡ
ﳤյ˵ͷ̾ҲǶʬ壬ǿ˻ȥ
ء
ڴʱһ̶޺
ϻɫһ䣺ħȺħˡ
ǰܵʥʿħҲٴС
ҶǳȻԼģҲɫ߶򸲸סˡ
ӷ𣡡
ͬʱһƬ貵ķû򣬽˸סˡ
ʱ˿̣˶оȫůģޱȰص˸ĸĻһּµİȫС
ǿϻһ̾ؿ
ﳤҲ̾ǵõɮľΪҵ硣
ǫЦҶľǲ١
ҶǳҡͷǫˣȻǵεľΪѾӽ۷壬ֻǸո̤㣬Ȳ̫Զˡ
Ҷǳûǫ飬˵ġ
ľΪĻôĽ͸ӿֲˣ¶شʥʿǿˡ
ľΪӦÿԵסȺħϻЦ˵
صһǾһЩϾûЩħҲұ֤
˶˵ͷԴ
Զ𶯣ͬڣһƬ죬񷡣
޾ħԶƵס˵·
ҶǳͫһЩħ̫ˣ޷ܣֻܳɱȥ
ʱʥʿħѾҧɱȥˣϾҶǳˣǿɲ
¡¡
ħƵʱҶǳѾʥʿħˣΧħ
ͬʱһɿֲľɨҶǳڲ
ס買⣬Ҳһ
еҶǳˣԴ
գ⵲סƥľ
˶ʱ˿¶Цݡ
ãڵסˡ
Ƿˡ
Ȼ

ﳤաϻʵ˼ѡ
ǰɵıɾǻشǵ꣬ʵԽԽֱ䡣
Ϊˣʼ޷ʮ
ڿϣ
ɱ
Ҷǳ߶򣬴ɱǰ
ħʵųɶ࣬նɱ
Ҷǳ˵ֻеסǹɾЩħ㲻ֵһᡣ
ˬʵ̫ˬˣ֮УЩħ̫ˡϻʴЦʵǿһɽƹȥûһħԵס
оˬڷǳԼվҶǳߣħʥʿһҶǳΪУڶ֪ˡ
ҵ𣿡
Ҷǳתͷʵ
ǿ󣬴ʱҲֻܹѿȫ̽ʥʿħǵ١
ҵˣãһλħħѾɱʥʿܡ˵
ҶǳһʱЦǻǵù
ϻҲֻЦˡ
ﳤЦǵùǱȻģ˭ǳǰ棬϶ħġ
ǰ棬Ҫǣûѡ񡣡Ц
˷ǳɣһħʣµʥʿ͸Ӳֵһˡ
οħ׷ɱ£ʥʿһ
ߣ׷ȥһҪɱҶǳ漴ɱ˹ȥԸʥʿţҲԸŹ


1295 
ħγɵĺУҶǳ֧򣬴һ·ɱʥʿǡ
˫ľڲϵؽӽ
ҲǺģϾʥʿûǻһħˣٶôܿ졣
׷ˣ
ʥʿͷһԼԽԽҶǳˣ¶һĨȻ
ưԻǿչ·ô꣬վߵĩ·
ϧˣ½ûпһۡʥʿ̾ȻֻǴǿչ·ô꣬ûп½Щź
˵ʬǧ֪жҲǴеһˮѡЦûȻҲη
ʥʿȻеϽǹҰסħִܹ½ͰҰǹڻ½ҲǴȥ½ˡ
Ƭ̺󣬵ͷִܹ½Ͱæ
䣡
ʥʿԼһ˿Ҳȼˣʼȼˣ˵ﵽ۷壬Խ
أ
ħʥʿɳȥһ޵еս񣬿ʼѹħΧħշѹ
ûٿʥʿһۣ֪ȼʥʿѾĵʱ
ϽǹûԶ
ûħЩһħס
οʥʿѾΪ˴
ǼһȻȼˣ
Զϻ𾪵
ﳤ̾Ϣһ޵дˣ֪գαص
Ƕȼֹͣһȼ꣬Ǿû취ֹͣû˿֮
ħˣʥʿҲˡ
ǿչ·һʱˡ
ֻе棬ʥʿǰΪλƴܣЩĵ˵
ô꣬ǷǳʹޣڿʥʿȻƴߣЩԽܡ
ﳤտеϽǹԱһԼĸܣ̾ʥʿ֪ԼľûлߣźԼûǰ½԰Լǹ½ԼԸ
ҵֺγǣϻʿЦʥʿҲźģڻǿչ·ô꣬Ϊǰ½
ߣ׷ߣߵ
ȻڴʱǰħսʥʿȻͷɱǣŽħҲˡ
쵰ʱ
ﳤյҲɫһ䣬ڴ֮Уûжٵġ
ʥʿңɱħҶǳ˵
漴ֱӭʥʿ
ʱʥʿΪȼ꣬ʵѾԽ˰ﳤյˣﵽһɲĵز
ԣ´֮УʵҶǳǿ󣬺ҶǳϺˡ
Ҷǣ
ʥʿһǺӣħ·ѪϾɱ˾ġ
˶еһɱĺ⣬ս
˭Ҳ֪ʥʿжôǿ´֮УǿϢŤ
䣡
һɽɫѪһ㣬˺Ѳ񷣬ǵأƺƵӿȣܵؿռ䶼ݡ
Ҷǳʥʿ˿̵䣬ڷ磬ϯء
Χİﳤաϻʵ˶һ𾪵ؿ
ΪǸܵһɲǵǿҶǳڱ
ҶǳѾ̤˺һΡ޵д
ͻˣ
ϲ
ǿ˵ҲӦˣһʿǣ˷ޱȡ
ǵֱǿˡ
ʱ˿̣˭Ķ֣
Ҷ֣
ﳤպϻʴ˿̶ܾ塣
Ҷǳûͻ֮ǰ൱ͻˣƾ˼¶вҶǳ
ڴﵽһˣ
˿̣Ҷǳƽˮ
ͻȻĽû˿⡣
Ͼ͵ͻƵıԵʱֺħսֺʥʿսֺսͻҲˮˡ
ʥʿһ̡
Ҷǳеɻ۶ɫ񽣹Ӵɢȵ¶ȣյΧռŤ
֣ҲԩʥʿҶǳ˿̾òϣҶǳȷһǿĶ֡
䣡
һ̣˳˴ˡ
ֲǽսĵطȥΧħ
Ƭ֮һƥĵâʥʿն롣
ʹǱնʥʿվıֱҲҪվ
Ҷǳûƻʥʿʬ壬նɱħ׷


1296 ·
ʮ߲ڴҶǳ̤˵أȥһˡ
ܹ˵صģ¶Ѿǿչ·ˡﳤ˵
˵˵ͷ
ǰģֻʣˡ
һ˶ʿǣڴ
Ӧýʮ߲ˡϻ˵
Ҷǳ׷
ûֱͣӽʮ߲
Ƭǳ浽ħǾȵǣħǳÿһħֻѰĴ
ȻһȺۼҲǳֲҶǳڣЩͲֵһˡ
ƿвһɵس˵ʮִ߲˵ʮ˲ڴ
ô£
ͷ˿ʮ߲Щŵ˵ô׾ʹ˵ʮ߲
оʮ߲ѶȱȵʮҪСҲ˵
ҡͷʮ߲ѶȲСûҶֵǼ㴳ȥҲ˲ء
ϻҲЦҶֵ
ﳤտԶĵʮ˲̾ʣһˣϾҪִ½ˡ
׷ɣˡߴٵ
ûͣٶǰ̤ʮ˲
Ҳǻǿչ·һؿ

ʮ˲ǹޱߵĿռ䣬һ޴̨ʱ̨ǿս
һĶһڷ磬Ũü۵ӡ
Ӻǿһֱһֲϵس޻֮

С
ϻʺͰﳤ뾪
ҶǳҲͫһΪҲˣǰһεǿߣԽ˴
һûħֻһСǵĶ֡ﳤ侲ط
ϻʿЦСҲԽһ磬ô򣿡
ﳤճĬˣʵڱǸСŰ֮ûС
ңǸСʹһֻ֣ôûչȫս
һȺСһҲһϰɣֻҪңǾͿԵִ½ˡ
ƳҶǳһۣһϷŰ˵
ɣһֻѹһ߸Ҷǳ˵
̫ˣһĻǿչ·ѵûһһȺȥ½Ҳ˶ãЩ½Ĵɲῴǡ
ɨҶǳˣһʧ֮ɫ
Էǳŭһ·ǻǿչ·ǿһˡ
˼ҾȻ˵Ƿ
ô죿ϻתͷˣʵһ̫ˣ¾Ҳ򲻹
ҶǳӦа취Ȼ˭ܹĹȥ
Щ½һ⣬ڴ磬ѾǼˣѵбǸǿģﳤճ
ϻҡͷǸǿˣһ̤磬ͻᱻͳȥ˵صģҲ͸൱
Ҷǳȿ֮
⵹һð취
ٺ٣̽̽·

һֻ
ɣͲˣо̫ǿˣԿġ
ҶǳСҲȷ¶ԹͬɹһȻɱҲ١
Ҷǳ˵
ﳤյ˿Ҷǳ
Ҷǳҡͷϲؿ㱻ɱ

ֻ飬û뵽Ҳһɣٶ࣬η㻹·һ
Ҷǳ˫񣬵ȥ˻½ҲֻᱻЩǿץƳЦ
ⶸȻɨȺе񣬾ȵȻ˫棬֮У»ܡ
ԣɫޱȡ
Ҷǳֵİɣƣ뿪̨ңҲҪֻҪȥͨһ
ĿҶǳϸһĨЦ˼Ⱥ֮УΪס˵ĶԣҵȷһЩơΪܹȥ̫ˡ
Ҷǳڼ۲죬˳
䣡
ƺ֪Լûлˣٶȼȫܣʼȼ꣬ҪӣԶĻǿչ·ڡ
ӵ𣿡
ǳһĨЦݣֳ̽ȥץ
¡¡
޴գסˡ
ʹʱȻΪŵӰǿչ·ڡ


1297 
ţ
Ҷǳ˽һΪǷ⻯ľŵӰȻȫǱ壬͸
ҶǳǷǳеĻǱ壬϶ֻһ壬˸ȻǼٵġ
ֻôһġ
ףе˼ȻҲ͸ûϵֻҪŹһˡ
΢΢һ̣̽ȥƼ죬ָɽ͵غ£Ҫľŵȫץ
ۣ
Ӿ޴Ƹ֮£ľŵȫѪɢƬ֮䡣
ˣһ㶡

оȻûһñĸоΪɱɱԵʡ
ǿϸӦһ£ǷˣҶǳתͷ˵
ԼҲȫ߶̽ÿһռ䡣

кȻⱬָĳһһεķ۳

Ȼû
˾
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼû
˼Ȼִ״̬ǱȥȷҲ¶֮ɫ
ɡҶǳȴǵһʱ䷢ˡĽӰεĽңңնǱ۳η⡣
ͣ
ηҲ漴¶ݡ
㱾½ģӦǸǰħƴ½½ѡ㣬⿪һͨս½Ŀռ䣬վӮˡ
Ҷǳ漴Ʈɢ
һΣˡ
ʧƬؼ䡣
Ҷǳɫһ𣬴Ļ֮У֪˺ܶϢ
ԭǵͨս½Ŀռͨγɵģ½ڱʱܵΣŹ⿪ٳġ
ѵǸʱ½Ѿѡ
ҶǳЩ½ֶΣһжѾǹȥʽˣҲȥ롣
Сӣ㾹ȻֶͨΣ
̨ϣһ𾪵ؿҶǳеһθֳһĨ֮ɫ
ǰֶΣղɱҲֲᷢΪҪŹҶǳʵ
ҲֻǴѣǰλܹ꣬ᷢ
Ҷǳš
ٺ٣عصģɲǵĵˡƲʵǣҲɱǵеκһˣֻش
Ȼ
Ҷǳһ¶ˣ˲ɱǡ
½Ӧòǲһ޽֮⣬˵ӵƿ϶ܴ
ԭ㲻ɱǣǴȥĻʹˡЦ
һЦȻҲɱǣҿԽǴֻʣ°ָǧɡ
һ
ָǧ꣬ǵʱѾˣͳ˻ǿչ·
Ҳڻǿչ·ϵĿʧˣԵЩ½Ĵ
ûʲô˵ģɣϻսҾͲôˣ򲻹
ֻǲ֪Ҷֵܹʵﳤ˵
Ҷǳҡ֡ϻʡλ޵Сӡɱסλʣµȳûͨء
ţ˵ɱ񣿡
һ㶣ɻؿҶǳɱ
ҶǳһЦɨﳤµ׷ߣߵɱ񣬳ɣȥΪܹô𣿡
ﳤµĸû˵
ﳤճҶ֣Щ߶£ҶǺ˽⣬ǵвɱ񡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ָһߣ˵صĺҵڸոս˵۷壬ϣҸܵһΣƾչֳʵָܸоֻаȲεǿߣָܸо
ʲôﳤտˡ
Ҳһ㵵ؿˣ𾪵Էɣ㡭ɱ񣿡
Էɲɱ㵽׽ԷôˣﳤյŴˣɱ
ЩߣɶǵԼֵܡ

ɱ֪סˣЦһ𣬾ȻľȵزѹǰҲزס
˵㵽װԷôˣﳤɱ
ɱмﳤգ㻹ΪԷ˴ֻҵһѣҾԷɣԷɾңһֱһˣֻûз֡
㡭ﳤվŭԼȻƭôꡣ
һԵķӣɫҲܲÿôɱȻߣɱҪɱǣ׾١


1298 
ҶǳŰﳤǾҪˣæ˵֣һʶ뿪ǿչ·˵
ҶӢʱӦͬЭͬɹءɱ񵭵Ц
ﳤߵ˵ĺûָ㣬»𣿡
ٺ٣ɱЦܹɻ뿪Ųðճء
ȻˣǾɲˡ
Ҷǳɨ˵߰ɣող˵
˵꣬ʹ߶򣬳̨ϸǹȥ
չӣ¶Ȳϵߡ
֮䣬ֻʣ»ɫĻ棬ɢſֲ¶ȡ
ҶҵʵǽӽδػѷɫɱҶǳг˼ɵ
ҲҶǳ˺ܳʱˣȻ֪Ŀֲ֮󣬲ŲҶǳԡ
ҶǳڣҲֻ·һ
ţ𣡡
̨ϣӸܵĻ𣬶ʱɫ΢΢һ䡣
СӣСˣӿҶǳĿ
𣬼ҲԵֵֻӲš
ʱӸܵԼʵڲϵر
ɣ
ˣҶǳ͵Ȼսҿóǿռ֮ǻ֮ǿϧǻ֮ôټϻ𣬵ȥ֮󣬻½ĳΪͽ
䣡
ӵĻ䣬ǶȻգ֮һߴľˣվ̨룬ס뿪ǿչ·ͨ
ɣҿȺʵ
Ц
ŭ
Ҷǳȳ˳ȥʩչʽɻɵĻˣһҲѸ٣ȵĻյΧռ졣
䣡
˶ӺݺݵغȥЦһͬһȭ˹ҷɳȥ
ұʵҲսӲм
ӻǵһθս
ϻ˹͸ӴһΡɽݺݵײӿȡ
ƽϣʲôʮǿޣǲеͼĽзҪ޵Ļһɵ֡
̧ѹͰϻӴɳȥ
ɱ
ﳤա޵СλӵҲ׷ɱΧӡ
ĺ㱻սɺɨ޵Уϵؽ˴ˡ
ͣ
ȻһɱдӵϮһ磬ӵš
ɱˡ
һֱûг֣һֱˡ
˶һϲ
Ĵɱִܹ֮½ӦûһЩȤ
һźɱЦ
ɱȻ˵Ƕɵ˺󣬶̶˲ͻָơ
¡¡
ǿ˵ˣﳤյ׷ߣлƽһǿߣȫɴ󣬳Ӻɱ
̫ˣһȺ󷨣ӻ˻֣еĹɢ
гޱȣʵ̫ˡ
ܹ𣿡Ҷǳתͷ𣬴
ĽٶӵʵӵľǵĲ۷壬ĽδؿشԷ
ǾͲһˡ
˿̵ľѾ˵۷壬ֱֲ
ʱڿԣ
ЦŴ֮ǰһˣڣҵľ̤˵۷壬ȴǿ԰õˡ
ãҶǳʱЦˡ
䣡
޾ķͷųԼҶǳϼӳֹ
ҶǳҲȫ߶ԼۼȻΪһ޴ޱȵĽŶնȥ
ţ
ȻĽϾ񣬵һʱ͸ӦΣ
ǿһﾹȻ˴˵ˡ
ͫһ
ͬһʱ䣬ԴҲûʲôֵİ취Щ½ĴеֵķţûС
ԣֻӲš
ۣ
޴Ľɱӵ꣬ʱӵһ漴̲סѪڵʼˡ
һȻ˿£Ľ̫ǿˡ
ӿκˡ
һ֮ǰô˼ĹҪֲ
ɱ
Ҷǳǳû֣ڴӡ
ڣߣҶǳ
ȴ𡢾޵Сλӡɱ񡢰ﳤաϻʵ˶ûͨǿչ·ͨ
ڿԵִ½ˡ
Ц


1299 ǰ·ã
ͨأɱҲЩĶܿ͸ܵһ˫Ŀ
ҶǳĿ⡣
ɱʱһľҲֻǵĲγڣһܵҶǳԻᱻش
ԣֻʵҶǳΧӡ
Сӣ̫ҾˣȻ˵ҡ˿µǲС
͵ؿҶǳ漴ҡͷ츳Ҿ̾ҿϧ˻𣬵ȴûв֮˿£Ǻܿϧû취Ϊʥ˵ģҲֹֻ硣ϧϧ
ӿҶǳг˿ϧСӼֱǰ츳ôطˡ
츳ˣȴߴ·
Сطûָ㣬Ҳѹߴ·ҡͷڵֻԷΪͷ֮һƾĻαӻ½šҪ̫ʱˣҲֻ˵磬ǴﵽΣ˲οм޵ģֻᵢʱ䣬Ϊ
һߵֵҶǳ˵ΧȻһָҶǳ
ﳤյ˶һĽ
֪Ҷǳ츳ӷǳء
лǰָ㡣Ҷǳл
ӵָûãս½ʱ϶޻֮
ѾΪˣҲԶˡ
ͷôܣ
ҶǳôྫزԷΪܡ
οһԷΪҲˣҪͷѰҾŴõ
һ𣬾ͲлԵҵģʱ¾޷۳ˡ
ҶǳҲ֪мޣԽľѶȱԽ
ֶֻιʵ̫ǿˣһӷҶǳʱԶ
ҲҶǳѡһҶǳ˵ˣǵʵͨˣҾǹȥɡСӵĽңҿ򵽵ʲô
ģ
ﳤյЩϲ
ӾȻͨˡ
ǰ˵ģҶǳӡ
ϷŰֻһ˶ѣֲǵˣǱֳʵˣȻʸͨˡЩǿչ·Ϊѡӵģɲɱǵġ
лǰ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴԰ﳤյ˵ȹȥң
ã
Ҷֱأ
ﳤյ˳ǰǿչ·ĳڣȻûǡ
ӿҶǳЦҿĽɣϣĽܹҾȣЩ˵УҲ츳ߣʱҿܲƼȥһЩĴ
ǰͲˡҶǳҲܵӵ⣬ռɱӡ
䣡
޾Ľ۳ɿµĺݺݵسӡ
̫ǿˣ̧־͵סҶǳĹ
⡭ռ˵еǿ֮ԲۣǴ
ӵҶǳȻƿڴˡ
ҶǳһԻ󣺡ǰ㣿
ЩĪôͻȻأ
Сӣ㡭ӿҶǳһЦõҶ֪ŻǴˣǻ𣬻˵츳ܸߡռ͸Ӳ˵ˣҿ츳۹Žδжˡ
Ҷǳһ㶣ƺǺܺðǿӵӣôһҲû͵˼

ӿŴ㶵Ҷǳ̾Ϣռ֮㻹ǿĵû֮һӻ翪һҲֻ̫ʱ޵е۳ɹǿ֮Դ֮һ˳ɹռ֮·ǿ󣬵Ҳ·ҹѣ˵ʥˡ
ۿԣΪʲôҾͲԣҶǳԳʵ
ҡͷ۵ҲܼѣĥѣиֻԵŽҳɹйżأԵ۰ıǱ˰ϧڣ¶Ҳ˰ˡ뿪֮ǰµѵ˵˺һ˿ɳռ֮
˵գһͬؿҶǳ̾Сӣռ֮ǳԵھҪͷˣΪͷٴΣռ֮ˣЩ½ĴǲѡģΪ磬Щɲȱһ
Ҷǳһ˵лǰ֪޾֮·ܹɹҲõ
Ǻǣ֪ηҡͷ۱ȣ絮ô꣬Ҳֻһλ̫۰
Ҷǳûжԣǿչ·ĳڣǻ½ˡ
ֻܳء
ȻԼԺģҲеǰ·ã


ʮ ռ֮


1300 ѡ
ͳλ½вڹǻ½ʵǿһ
ǿչ·ǣͷԼĴɡ
ǿչ·ĳڣҲλڵĻǣǴӻǿչ·ţǴӻǿչ·ͳڻǡ
ʱǾۼһЩ½Ȼ࣬ȴһڶΣκһܹû½֡
ǲض˵ĴҲˣһЩʥأ嶼ˡ
ڻϣһɹӴϢţÿһϢûڵеޱȵѹ֣궼ڲϢС
Ȼ
һӰӻǿչ·ڷɳҶǳһˣΪ׵Ǹӣʮ˲С
öǿߣ
ҶǳһʱܵΧһɹǿ󵽼ĿֲϢսѣ׷
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥֻƣһֵӰУеվţеţÿһɲ⣬ϢͬԨ
ȣҶǳ˾ϣ
ﵽСӣ˿̶ͷһ֮ɫ˿
ɼЩˣǻ½ĳǿߣǴ½ĳ
Ҷǳ˴ʱҲ˵һͷȴЩǵľ
ͻȻڵĹɱϣɱһ
ɱԸǰһĮ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷƳȥһ˫ͬԨһɲ۾
ǵģֻһ˫۾ǳ޴󣬴֮¶ɱ
¡¡
Ҷǳ˫۾˵궼·˽ȥľﵽ˵ΣĽһæնָо
ֻҲ̧ͷ˫۾ˣǵͷ󺹡
ֲ̫ˣֻǿһۣ
ľﵽ˵Σ츳˲ò̾ϧһźҶǳĶ
ִź
ϧ̫֮޵ڶɹ߳ռ֮ţ۳Ϊ˾졣
ûռ֮´ͷҵĶ
ϧ̾

ЩźҶǳ̸֪ԼԼڵʮ˲еı֣Щ½Ĵǿ
ɱλǰǰǻ½Ĵ֮һĳĴԵϿ񡣡
ӶԱɱѵ
ɱŷӦмؿһӣ漴һض˫۾£Ը⣡
䣡
ɱһ䣬˱ʧˣе˫۾Ҳʧˡ
λˡһĮ
Ҷǳʱ֣һǿϢɱҲˡ
һãǿǰǻ½ǿ֮һԱߵһĽ֮ɫ
ҶǳҲĽһ
һЩ˱һЩ½ѡߣЩȲϰ
ȻЩǡ
Ҷǳ뵽˵ֵ˵Ļǵ츳ڻ½Ĳֵһᡣ
ϻʣҲֻǱһλʥؿС
лˡ
ûҲ½
أ´ټȾơ

һЩѡеǿ˳Ա׷׸ҶǳЩ˶ǳмҶǳ
ҲౣأҶǳҲǸеˡ
ú󣬾޵ҲһʥؿˣսؿҶǳ˵´ټһս㡣
ǺǣҶǳЦŸ֡
ЩįΧԽԽˣȴûѡֻһ̾Ϣһ˫˫źĿɨ
壬е˼ԸҳԨ̣Уһ𳬼ǿ߿٣ʵ
ԱߵһæѵλǳԨ̵ǰԨ̸һǻ½Ĵ֮һ񼶱ǿߡ
Ը⣡ٲǰ׳գæͷͬʱҶǳ˴λأԵٻᣬлˣҶ֡
ҶǳĶ֣ĺѣЦŵͷҲأҪŬ˵ýһҪչˡ
һһٴЦһ漴λԨ̵ǿ߽ˡ
ڴʱһ˫˫貵⳯Ҷǳߵ
һ̣Ҷǳ˸ܵǰδеĿֲѹ
еĳǿߣһ˫˫Ŀ֮Уȡ
Ըǻ½ǿ
𣬼Ƕ
ӦһλԸΪͽ
ʲôֻҪǱһλʥԸΪͽ

ЩǾȻΪҶǳĿɿڴ


1301 
ҶǳˣԼҲסˣƺû뵽ô೬С
ԱߵһĽʥͽǿűľλ㷢ˡ
Ҷǳ𺳣Щ˴ﾹȻ𵱳һǱжôǿ
ӷ𣡡
ЩԼĴǣѯʵλǰܷҵλѣ
ָҶǳԱߵ
𣡡
Ҷǳһж
ţ
УЩǲɵüͷȻǿ𣬵ǲԸ̸
ԱߵһæȰ˵𣬲ҪЩǰ㣬ĻԵ㻹̸
ȻˣǾͰˣһԼɣлλǰĺ⡣˵
㡭Ӷżˡ
ҶǳҲæȰ˵㲻ˣҵʵԱԣɲҪԼĻԵ
ǰ𣬵ǿˣǻҪչءҲæȰ˵
ﳤҲȰ˵ҸҲˣһҸ״Ҷֺ֣ҸӦǲġ
ҲȰ
ǶԵĻԵǺεȾ޴Ϊ½һ𳬼ǿߣôܾ
ȻˣҶ֣գǱءձȰˣѡ˼뱱Ϊһʥ˵ӡ
ʥˣǿĿǰ½ǿĴڣʥһ˭ĳƺš
ҲɵȻѡΪʥ˵ĵӣƾʥ˵ݣȥҪһȡ
𱻽֮еЩǾͶʧˣȻǿеֻ˶Ƿ
գ
һߴģӢɢǿϢͬһ߸ϵߡ
ףﳤæŷӹ
ǰϳˣĸסݺᣬһλС۷ǿߡ
ţܲûʧݺ԰ﳤЦŵͷԱߵķҲһͣӶϱı֣ҲĹע֮УԵúܸˡ
߰ɣذ壬ԺҪúŬȡһܹΪҰҲ͸ʢˡݺЦż
ﳤæ˵ףܹҶֵֺܹǿչ·ǣҲǺѡ
ţݺüɨҶǳһۣðɣϣʹһذ塣ǵǱޣǰ岻˷Դϣǽסڰ塣
лףﳤæл
ҶǳҲæлܹסڰѾܲˣʱһŵĵط
Ͼ˫ڰл֪жڶء
ֻҪаݺڣ벻õȫ
߰ɣʱ䲻ˣǰɲϷҲҪķѺܳʱ䡣ݺ˵
Ҷǳ漴Űݺȥ
ȻݺˣС۷壬Ҫ˫
û뵽ʶݺĶӣϧˡ
ҵõ˫ҵǿ

һЩźȻضҶǳȥķ
аݺλС۷ǿڣǸҳ֡
СѾǻ½һοС۷Ĵڣ½ݺҲյǿڡ
ܹҴǾ͸ˡ

½ʵ̫ӴˣǳӴҶǳǸŰݺ󣬴һǳش͵һǳأȥķ˰ʱ䣬ŴִﵽϷ
ǵϷɻʮ꣬ڵ塣
½Ǵ󰡣Ҷһ·˶ٴδ󡣡𾪵
Ҷǳ̾ÿһδܹͣԽ½ǷУ֪ܷɵ˵ء
ǰİݺǵ̸ɵЦԼУҪһܷɵûдﵽʥ˾֮ǰʵʵس󣬱ŷˡ
˵֮䣬ѾӴ㳡߳ӭȥֻһ¥ĽֵϣַȥٶȺܿ졣
һִ
Զļ䣬ҲҶǳԺи֡
Խս½֮ǰһ򡯵ļ䡣
ֻǴԽ֮Ҳûмָһĳˡ
ôܾȣ
ݺῴĿɿڴҶǳˣЦŽ͵ƼޱߣϵҲһеսɾսеɾʥ񡣡
еı߿ƼԭСȴ˺ܶǿܶǳ㡣⣬ͨı򣬽нͬӵǿʵ
󣬰ݺҶǳ˵ȻƼȻܹǵҵߣΪǧ𱻿ƼԻˡ֪ʵҪġ


1302 
ڵĳǳؽǣڵоհǰݺĺ˸оЩ˼飬ϾǷǳӴ˿ڶ࣬²ڰˡ
ǵݺ᲻֪˶꣬ҲͲֵþˡ
ۻݺĶӣаݺӻûΣټһ檳ȺȻҲͷܵԽԽࡣ
ʵϣڻ½һЩļ壬Ӵ

һ޴ĸۡǰͣסݺᡢҶǳǴ
ҵĸֻۡڵĵϵһЩﵽʸסڴ˵ء
ݺһߴ˽븮ۡһ߸˽ܵ
ۡǳӴҶǳ˿һ޴ĳǳء
ңͬĸ֣ۡȫǹӵķһɽһֹʯݵ׺С
е磡
п
ϰĸ֡
Ͼÿ˶Ҷǳһŵļ䡣
ݺǺЦҵ֮ˣȻмЩƼòϣЩƼһЩܴ߰Ҳܷ㡣ԣ½һЩǳأḨԿƼ
ҶǳڵĵƼкܶȱ㣬Ҳ֮
С͸ݺ˵ͷһ·ϵĽҶǳȷԺܸߣϧռ֮
ɽɫˣƵ
һ޴ٲӵҲ񷣬¡ͬڡ
ٲԱߣʯݣӣã
˵ˣλСԺסɡݺҶǳ˵
˵л漴ĿͰݺȥ
Ҳ֪ﳤǸۣ϶кܶʱҪ
߰ɣʱǾţʲôʱﵽ磬ٳȥӦûᰲȫܶࡣҶǳ˵
һЦ֮ǰڻǣЩ˿ҵ͸һһûʵڿɲҳȥ
Ϊ˫ô󣬵Щɶһ۲
Ҷǳ˵Ĳٵʵܳȥ
˵ʯ䣬˸ѡһס
Ҷǳȵǣÿʯڶһˣƿһ
ˣǻ羫飬ɽҵ¼磬ҪȡһϢ˶Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳǰĻˣΪǰļ䣬Իˣ磬һЩŵ˽⡣
ԣҶǳɵʵһϢģ
ȻֻҪǹϢҶΪҵһЩѧȷǹϢҾΪˡ
羫͵
һҶǳǻá
ⶫʵеϵһΪ½ʵ̫Ӵˣͨͣܺķʱ䡣
οķҲǳӴһҲŲסδͣЩͼսˡ
ǣҪɣ
ԣͱˣڻ棬½߾ͿӾ໥Ʒȵȣǳ㡣
ţϲϾǴڼٳȥ߶½һʲô鷢ǹҪܶŵ֪
˻Ͳһˣһʲô鷢¾㶼ϵ֪˲䴫½
ҶǳԴ˷ǳ棬ɵ羫ҿʲô䶯š
ǣˣ羫˵ͷ漴ҶǳǰͶһƬĻ¶һɵϢ顣
Ȼ࣬ҶǳϾǴֻһɨȻء
ǳǣŵһĺȻǹϢ
ŵıǣǿչ·ռ֮
Ҷǳ֮󣬾ͷдĶǹϢֶȥˣƬҲУһЩȻУֱ׵׵ؽҴˡ
Ⱥ쵰
Ҷǳʱɫޱȡ
ʣڳ׳ˣһ½ߵ֪
Ͼͷ
һСһͨ߹ۿˡ
Ҷǳɫѿؼ¿ȥŵ棬ߵԡ
ռ֮þԶʰ̫ʱλŵһĵߵǿ֮·ӵ֮󣬱ûٳɹ۶׿˵Ѿһ·
ľΣռ֮ҿҶǳʵ̫ţˣЩɾͣһл½ŰˡϧˣȻռ֮ԷΪˡ
ǰ˵ռ֮ˣԷΪͷǻռ֮һѭߵóȥ
˳ѣϧˡ
ǻ𣬻ľѡһúˣҪѡռ֮

Ժܶ࣬ҶǳһûˣһЩĿϧͬ飬ȻҲкֻܶ


1303 鷳
һԣҶǳЩأѵռ֮һ·
ۿԳɹΪʲôҾͲܳɹҶǳȻ
ﵽεľȻô׿Աҡġ
ģѾ̩ɽ
޾ѣɱҡ
羫飬Ҳһ£硣
ҶǳѸ侲ѯʻ羫顣
ֻǰĹĻʱһ䣬һڽϢȫ¶
磬ⲻʲôܣϾǸôܽ
ִڻϢڻϵС
Ͼ½ôӴܻһЩĵˣϴϢ˵Ĺע
Ҷǳ˸ǰĻϵĸϢܿν硣
ӴҪԼıɲԼһݻ٣Ҳ˲أһָܼѣҪ޾ȥı
һ˵һֻӵһϾһҪķѺ̫ܶ꣬Ǿͻ侳磬ǿ֮ˣ
ҶǳΪʲôôǿˣΪľﵽ˵۷壬ǿޱȡ
ң¸½ٺܶ࣬ľпܽΡ
εľĺﵽߣǿ󵽿ʥˣѹЩˡ
ֲֿǱضʥ
ʥˣǻ½ĶǿߣĸҺӣ
ʵҶǳľҲǿﵽ˵ΡңСܶ࣬δز׷
ϧռ֮
ҪԼĵռ̫֮ǿˣбҵĵ
ҶǳǰĻϵһϢʱЩΪ˵Լˡ
ҵһЩϾռ֮Ҫ̫ˡ
⻹ֻǽ
δռ֮ԽԽǿҪԽԽ
԰ЩӦòȱĲϲŶԡ
ҶǳЩɻ
Щ̰ǻ½ĳԴӦò֧Ųϡ
羫飬ҿܹռ֮ЩҶǳٴѯԱߵĻ羫顣
ǰĹĻٴһ䣬оһЩϡ
Ҷǳһʱסˡ
磬Ҫϣͱʥȼġ
ʲô
ʥϣǿʥʥõģжǾͲ˵ˡ
ȻʥϣȻ󣬵Щ֧ŵġ
ǣ⻹Ҷǳ硣
Ҫ磬ΪҪĲϣѾˡ
񰡣ǿǻ½ǿĴڣƿռϣǰǿˡ
Щ̶ڲδû񼶵Ĳϡ
ҲܹҶǳ磬ҶǳҪʥ˾磬ΪʥҪĲϣ½¶Ҳˡ
Ͼ񼶵ĲϣѾǻ½ǿĲˡ
ѹЩҶǳˡ
ϾôĴֻۣһǰ׳
㵽ʱҶǳǻ½ǿ˵Ҳ
ЩԣҪʥˣʥ˲ܰǳưԻ½
ҪĲϾȻ󣡡
ŹĻϵһϢҶǳһɫ
֪Լ鷳ˡ
ԺʱܣĿǰ˵Ҫġ
Ҫ͵ҪõʥĲϣԼ
ʥĲϣ嶼ûУǿʥʥģֻһЩ۷弶ǿڲŻӵС
Ҷǳ½һֵûУͨĲ϶𣬸˵ʥĲˡ
ûвϣ޷
ô죿
Ҷǳüͷ
ܲһֱڴɣ
ˣ⴫һ
Ҷǳ֪
Ͼھӡ
ҶСӣ˽ҶǳǰĹĻʱһ̾Ҳ鿴ν𣿡
ȻҲ鿴ˣϾǴ۷壬Ҳʸ硣
ңҶǳ鿴һ£ꡣ
֪Ҷǳ鷳ˡ
ʲô㣿Ҷǳص磬ʵ
취ȻҸȫĵطޣȡΪ֮ٳ
Ҳ֪ԼԼھһһȥͻᱻЩץԼı
ڣһЩ鲻ѡ
ǸŰݺģѾץȥˡ
ĵӣܣҪ̤硣
أʲô㣿⣬û̾


1304 ľ
ѯʣҶǳЦҪ̫ˣ嶼ûУֻܳȥ취ˡһͨһ£ܹҵõʥĲϡ
ʥѶȺܴ󰡡Ҳ̾˿ʥĲޱһЩСѻãοҶǳˡ
ҶǳʵڲУҾľҵľܹﵽΣô鹥Ҳ˵εǿߣҵԽҲʲô
ľ츳һЩϣ˵ͷҾôܺãʵǿˣȥѰҲ׺ܶࡣ
˼һˣҪȥıԼϣ硣
Ҷǳѯʻ羫飬ѯŻ½ܹҵõʥϡ
һѯıҵӵʥϵĵطһյءء
ȥһֻʸȥ̽ҲΣա
ҶǳЩصĽܣʱЦ
ڵʵɶǽЩأֻ·һ
ҪƴҲƴʵһ㼸ʶûС
ֻܵȵľﵽΣߵ۷壬ܽЩ̽
Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ǰ׳գƴ
һԴһǾȥ
漴ҶǳֲѯһľϢʧ
ľڻ½ҲǷǳѡ
Ҷǳڵľڻ½ѾǶˣЩʥ⣬ľҲ൱
ңǵľһû򹥻
鹥һͨʲô˶ģҶǳҲռĽ
⵹һơ
ʱ䣬Ҷǳʯڱչأʱ䶼ľ
ռ֮ʱˡ

½ʱ䣬ǧҲգ۶
ڴ˵չǧ
Ҷǳ˵ȴչһˡ
ôԶ׼ģľڴӵγ˵۷壬һˡ
ϧӵ۷һ޴ƿʱڣҿṳ̂Ρ
Ҷǳ۾뵽
ţϢôôȻҶǳɫһ䣬סӡ
Ӧ֮УϢ÷ǳ룬Ҫ˯ˡ
ܵشŻеĺ
ǣǰ壬аݺڣ˭Ҵ
Ҷǳɫƿš
ҶСӣʱϥϢǸӦҶǳĽɵ۾
ҶǳǰɫҰ׵üô£״̬Ʊ˴˵ģʧȥ˺ܶ౾Դ
ٺ٣Լ֮һıԴЦ
ҶǳЦó֪ûʲô飬·˺ܶ࣬ʵΪʲôô
ȻǻȡϰЦȻҪϲҪô󣬵ҲֻҵıԴȡ
ٺ٣ҲүͷԣҵıԴȻұ԰ǿٿ԰һ
СһܶͲһҵıԴкܶҪ
˵ҽıԴȫˣ㻻ȡ˴Ĳϡ
Ҷǳҡͷ̾µüָܻˡ
ͼ꣬ˣΪʲôֵԸʧȥɣҲԸػǿչ·ˡЦ
½ûһɽʵ̫ˡ
ڻǿչ·ƽɽֱҪ̫ס
ڶǳĽˡ
Ұɣ
Ҷǳǰޱȵ漴ʼԴһȭͷСĻԴ
Ҷǳɫȴǰ˺ܶࡣ
ȻķЩԴ˺Ҳܴ
㡭ҶǳĲҰܵɫкܸжЦǺαأǷˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц㱾ԴֻҪͻָˣʱҲȥϢûʲô
Сӡðɣ̤磬ȥѰʥϣȻһĻˡҡҡͷ
ԴҶǳ˵ĲǺܴ󡣵Ƕ˵ȴ
Ͼ˫Ǵӻ֮еġԴĴƷ
ЩԴҿֻҪָܻˡɵÿҶǳкȻһ뷨˵ҶСӣĻԴӦöø󣬲ҲһЩԴܻܲʥϡ
ҶǳҡͷʥϷǳҲǳϡ٣ֶõûԸ
ҲԣܹӵʥϵĶǴЩ˽Ҫ׼ʥ˾磬˭ɵʥϡ


1305 
ҶǳݻָĵĻԴͬʱһľ
֮Ʊȫָֻľɱڵ۷塣
䣡
ȻڴһǿϢ
ҶǳʱЦˣѾ̤ˡ
Ȼúһ˷ܵˡ
ҶСӣҽˣҸоޱǿ󡣡Ц
Ҷǳ΢΢ҿ
ã˵ͷ漴һԼ
ֻǰİУһƴһ¶ɢſµ׵ơ
ǿϢҶǳоΣ
ǿ
ҽ񴸣ٺЦһ֮ɫ
ǿֲǵڵʮ˲ʱλعóǿ¶ûᴳء
Ҷǳп
ʱ֪λع߲ûжȫ
ͷܱȫսҸоڿɱʥʿǿˡ
ҶǳͷҲĶˡ
Щį֮ǰǿܶ࣬ڣȴԽˡ
ƺܵҶǳ񳶿򸲸ңܹҶʵ
Ӧɰɣ֮ǰѾùԸλعˡҶǳ˵ţͷųԼס
֮Уüͷһ壬Цҵʵɣλعߣһһš
ʲôɣ
Ҷǳһ𾪡
ôҲ˫츳еģȻɡ
ô˵󲿷ᱻʵˡ
Ͼڻ½ŵҲЩЩ֮С
ҪҲס
ĽأԿٶ˵
ҶǳɫһѵҵľѾﵽ˵۷壬ҪСˡ
ţԴҲ֪ҶǳĽֲܿ˿⡣
ǡ
ݣ
ҶǳѾȻʩչĽ
ӰεĽܿʹڡ
ۣ
ȻѪɳȥ
ҶǳĿɿڴ
̫ǿˣҵ궼˺ˣҪǶҿ¾ҪˡǵѪҺһ¡
ҶǳʵľﵽʲôΣôô
ĲγڣЦֻ̬ͨ鹥ȻҪúľˡ
һ飬Ҷǳ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼʱ޷磬սȴѾˡ
һЩľĶ֡
ҶСӣĽټҵʵ¾Ƕܿˡ
ʷضҶǳ˵ڻϲһ飬ܹʥϣȥһֻҪܹ»ΪǿԿʱҲܹưһˡ
ԼûаȫУϣҶǳܹ̤硣
ҲãҶǳ˵ͷҲʵ
漴羫¼磬Ϣ
½ϵĽػкܶģǷǳΣյģϾȫĽأͱ̽ɾˡ
ֻһЩΣյĽأΪ̤٣ԲűһЩԴ
ǰĻоٳϢҶǳһ߹ۿһۣϸ
˺ܾãȷһط֮
ط걻֣޷Щֻܶ
Ҷǳѡ˵أҲΪҶǳǿƣ֮Ǳȱ˸׻ñ
Щߣ˵ػѪ䣬ǵʵǿȴʤ࣬˵ǳΣգǡҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ѪľҵĽɱһƬ
ѪЩѪΧҲҪ䡣
ĽĵˣֻҪԷľĽܺɨ
޴½Ľɨ˳塣
ѪƲ࣬࣬幥ľǲֵһᡣ
Ȼ֮ΣյĻЩаԵǿħԱĽأ˵Ѿȫܶˡ
Ҫǣ֮ϷҲǺԶ
ҲֻѡһЩĽأЩ̫ԶĽأǳķöܹġ
Ҷ֣֣
ڴʱ洫ﳤյ
Ҷǳ֮̽˳ȥ漴ЦǰﳤշˣҲ̤硣
⿴ȥȻﳤպͷӡ
ϲλˣЦ˵
ͬϲͬϲﳤպͷҲ˵
ڿҶǳ˾ͻָɫϾҶǳʱܽǵĻ˶Ҷǳ
ҶǳȴԵúܵȻŰﳤշ򸾣΢Цλٳȥôʱˣ
Ҷ֣Ҳ֪ˣǰһжܹ׬ȡĵ֪ԸԸμӣﳤֱӿżɽ˵
һԵķҲ˵Ҷ֣ڿ϶ȱٵҾζ˵һԵ
һԷĬҶǳһۣЩԾ
ͰﳤշʶܾˣҶǳҲǵƷУҲûлʲô
ңҲȷʵҪΪҪ֮ҪɲٳǳأЩҪͨġ
ÿһδ󣬱ҪһҶǳڿûôĵ
ڻǿչ·õĵõˣҶǳҲֻʣ¼ǧѡ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ҶǳЦʵ֣ܸ˵˵жʲô𣿡
Ȼﳤձ׼Ҷǳ˵ֱ˵жĿĵһλĵ磬λǴѾһǿħɱˡǰһλһλҵλĵ硣ھһ̸֮ǰ̽硣
Ա߲ĵû֧ţһͬεǿ̤룬ͻԣǵĸףǶܽ롣
Ҷǳʱˡ
ֻµ߽롣ҲȻ
ﳤյͷԣֻµ߽룬Ҷ׼ǲһС
ӿҶǳЦҶֵܹʵɣڣǰߵƱһЩ
ɵÿҶǳһκûᡣ
ҶǳλȻ԰ǣʵη䣿
ԣܹõٺôҲʵ
Ȼǰ˵ﳤԵ˵ͷ漴˵Ҹ˵ˣǴ֮ǾͿжʱõıҪóһ壬ʣµǡ
Ҷǳһۣǵ˵ͷ


1306 
ڰﳤ˵ıҶǳͬˣϾԵǰǵģһ뱦
˵ףվˣǰӵܡ
ԸǻᣬƳ˿ڰﳤյϣΪҶǳе
ȻҶͬˣǾͻȥˣʱһº󡣡
ﳤվЦ˵ܹսˡ
Ҷֵڣ㲻ֵһᡣҲЦ˵
漴ȥҶǳһ·͡
ðﳤշȥ֮ҶǳŻ̸
ȥ֮õһˡЦ˵
ҶǳŪҲãȻķö֧𣬹⿿Ƿи֮ú£
Ǹöҷֽ֮ٶȾ͸ˣеϲС˵ͷ
Ҷǳ̾ԴԽ󣬱ԽҪԴ
½ޱߣЩطûбǳңΪɱ¾ϡ̤磬ǾʵȥﴳһҲռһأưԡдһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
Ҷǳ츳һ磬ֻСԽһЩĵΧսɳưԵĴɱ
Ժ飡
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
ҲռسĴ㣬ΪԼҲΪ˽ëǵִ½һŵĵط

һµʱת˲š
ڰĹ㳡ϣһڰӵų飬ÿ鹲аˣҶǳھλһ֮Уڰﳤպͷ
е㲻ԾҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ǺܲԾ
Ϊ飬ͶǸЩţ˴˵жԡ
ǣǲǰ
ﳤգ
ʱǸΪ׵һЦΪ㴳˻ǿչ·ܻø׵ϿɣҰȻûȥǿչ·ҿԽٸϵִ½ҾĽѱֻ಻٣츳ҿɲѷɫһΪȡ档
죬Ҳ֮ȥ磬ٿ˴˵ֶΡﳤߵ
ãƣһ
Ҷǳǰڲ
ͰﳤһҲǰݺһ˽ӡ
ү˽ӱ鲼档ЦŴ
ҶǳҲ̾ѡ
ʱǣҶ֣֣ҲǴӻ½ϹİӵܣҲܹ뵽ڰôӴļ壬ڲҲһεжʵһο飬ҷǱ󣬻ǰʤһʱȫ
û⣡
Ӧõģ
Ҷǳæͷ
ΪԼ棬Ǹﳤյ飬Ȼȫﳤա
˶ˣǾͳɣ
һϤ˱оǰâһһߴӰǰ
˱ǰݺᣬ˫֣ɨǰһۣҶǳ΢ͣƬ̣һ˿ϧ
ȻҶǳûн磬ҲϾǵʥϣûУοҶǳˡ
¡¡
ݺгһҾ޴ս˸սһĺս˺ѿռ䣬ǰ
һգۼ䣬ǱѾս
ֻǺ巢֣Ϊ˲Ϣй¶ǲߴ󡣡
ݺ˵꿴ﳤպͰ죬һǶǵĿ飬ǵüסǶǰĳԱΪ˸ԵĿ飬棬õ˵ıǿΣõҵϿɡ
ﳤ˵׷ģûл֮ǰҲԵġ
ףһﳤִˣȻٹƽҲæ˵
Ƕǻ޾µˣܹȾ磬ȻЩ嶯İ׳գֹǻеġ

սٴ˰˸£ӿռ֮г˳ִһƬƵɽ֡
Щɽһ㣬ڴϣ̴Χ
ԶһͬСսѾִ˵أһɫߵͷߣߵݺᣬܾˣӻǴ󡣡
ƣǰԶȻö໨һЩʱ䡣ݺЦ
ҶǳʱףλƵǿߣˡ
ٷϻȻˣǾϿ硣ߵ
Ȼݺͷ


1307 ħ
߿Уݺһվ
˶һۣ漴һ֣ǰƵ֮ʣֲᴩգ˺ѳһͨδ֪ѷ졣
ȥ
ݺȵ
ӵܣʱӵ롣
ŽȥİӵܣиһĨ죬ȵؿԱߵİݺ˵Ѿ̸ȥȻֻ½СȥδҲ̫˰ɡ
ָİﳤպͰˣΪݺ˽ӣȻյϢ
ٺ٣ɲҪСŶݺӹһĨ⣬ҶǳڣǰӮˡ
ߣŪ顣һ

δ֪С
ҶǳǸմӿռѷɽ֮󣬶ʱ޾ħΧЩħǿкüλڣʣµҲ
ã
Сģ
ﳤմȵ
Ѿˣ˵ִ̫ˡ
Ȼû뵽澹ȻôħǷӦ֮ʱѾħΧˡ
ҽʱǰߣǱߣ˲ء
֣ߣɱȥҶǳ԰ﳤմȵͬʱͷųסˡ
֮УЩħʵ˺ܶ࣬ɣҲɡ
ﳤǶʱѹһɱ¾ħһ߶ҶǳҶ֣æһЩȰơ
Ҷǳɨ˰ǱһۣҡͷУ򣬿϶ħʱҲŲסˡ
Ҫ֪λħ㱻ʵҲٰﳤܹġ
˼ˣϽߣȻˡæȰ
ǡﳤؿǱߣô˵ҲֵܣȻǾ֣Ҳܼȡ
ڴʱԶħΧİƣȻҧҧһöģʱ貵ס˺ѿռ䣬ʧ
ƿշӾȵ
ﳤնʱЦˣԣҲǸ׵ĶӣϵҲи״ƿշȻѾˣǾ߰ɡ
˵֮꣬Уһ·ɱǰ
֣ʲôƿշȻ˺Ŀռ䣡Ҷǳм䣬һѯʵ
ʵֻҪסˣҪ֡
Щǿһʼ԰ﳤ˵ҪҶǳЩ⣬ڼʶǿ֮ǼΪλҶǳ˲ˡ
ĸֲ̫ˣ棬Ǽֱɱ¾Щεħ
ǿǲųħİΧ
ﳤŴ˿Ҷǳ˵ƿշҸƵģһξѪ˲䱬εȻ˺Ŀռϡ
ԭˣҶǳʱˣǰݺᱣӵֶΣϾ׶ӣȻҪķһ۱
İӵܣûôõˣϾһѪǳ󣬰ݺɲΪһЩͨӵܺķѾѪ˵ͨӵڶ࣬Ϊ

֮⣬ݺƸո꣬㿴ǰĿռһмӰǱس˳
죿ݺῴˣɵüͷһ塣
ŽȥãȻõƿշ
һߣҲüͷļӣȻƿշˣ⵽ô£
ݺҲע⵽ǱߵжʱһЩŰƣʵô£ѵǽȥʹ𣿡
ǵģףǽȥ֮ͱħΧˣħģвٴġæ˵
һߣǼӳӵҲ˵ġ
ݺƲɵöһۡ
ħôôħ
ѵɱλħĲ¶棿ü
ݺͷпܣԴ̫ʱħ类ۻ֮ȻʣһЩħ˻أΪǳµ׷ɱǶҲǲܡ
ЩħܹصģȻߵ棬ҳֱ֣ӻٵɡ
ħ壬ֻһ֣Ǳɱ
̫ʱ۶µĵһħʵҲΪĥ»顣
Уһһ档ݺæҡͷﳤҲƿշܻ档ڣﳤջûг˵ﳤջš
ߣҲŲ˶õġߵԼĶӶħɱˣȻΪǱߵ˻ֶá
ֻǣû뵽Ǳ߻һҶǳ


1308 
δ֪УҶǳǰħûͣߡ
ҿЩ˰˻ЦָǰǶˡ
ڸô죿üʵ
ﳤտǰĴأħϢȻѾħռˡ
Ҷ֣ʲô飿ﳤղɵÿҶǳ
ǿչ·ʱǱҶǳհϰߡ
ҶǳָԶһ޴󹬵˵ȻѾħռݣҲ÷ȥұˣΪı϶ħռˣֱɱħᱦԽǿħıԽࡣ
Ҷ˵Ĳ
ﳤԵ˵ͷ漴ҶǳЩǸ˵Ҷ̸֣ˣȻ֮󣬱뿪Ҹıڡ
ﳤյ˼Զôħڣ뿪Ҷǳʵͻ
Ҷ֣Ҫͷһˡ֪ԼҷʳԶʣ˵
һԵüͷҶǳжĿҲСЩħע⣬ҵõıҲ˵ġ
ǺһжܹöٱĿ̫󣬺ħע⣬Щòʧˡ
֪ҶǳԸ񣬿϶ܾﳤշ򸾡
ȻҶǳԾ͵˵ͷ˵û⡣
һ̾ҶСӣܳԿڲͬǰǰһж϶Ҫ档ڣǿɲ棬ҳȥ֮Ҫָһ룬ǵõı͸ˡ
ҶǳգҲǴؼƽЩˣϾܹˣҲǰݺȻƾʲôǽ
ҲǴæ˰򣬿ڲٱɱƿշӳȥˡ񲻸ĵ
Ҷǳҡҡͷˣܹȫڰ˰ﳤշ򸾣͵顣
ðɣ²˵ˣҲԣǰȫĵطȷһ顣
ʱﳤշҲİǿ顣
һﳤշ˹ҶǳǸҶ֣һжֻܸһ棬Ҳһɣʣµģڣƽ֡
һ˵꣬Ҷǳû˵Ͳˣߵ֣Ҷֵ㲻𣿾͸һ棬򷢽л𣿡
ﳤЩ
һԵķ̾˿ҷ壬ûжٻȨλԭ¡
û£һɾһɰɣҶǳ˰֣Ҳ֪ڵĴҲãϾݺôŮǳէҲǺܼѡ
ɣﳤһǸؿҶǳ˵Ҷ֣ҵһҲ㡣
ԣʱû˵ˡ
Ҷǳȴҡͷֲˣǻذ壬ڻƯ⣬˵ΣգﻹȻ
˰ɣɡҲ˰֣ھüµζ治ܣжǾ뿪壬ԺԼҲڡ
ﳤռ״Ҳûмˡ
һ̶֮󣬱ѡһĹɱȥ
һλεħס֮УСħػ
¡¡
Ҷǳֻ߶򸲸Ƕʣµľͽﳤɱ¾ˡ
ЩħʵЩСħһ
λħҲΧ
ѹ˱֮뿪˵أתսһط

硣
ѾȷԼӵȫսˣΪһӣƿշˡ
ǰĶӣƳأѵħİΧ
ףǵȷȥˣҿǵʹ˻ڻ֮УЩħʵܹ࣬ȥ
𣿡Բɵÿһ֮ɫİݺᣬüǰʲôʱ˿ƿػţ
ݺᵹҲûЦҡͷɲǰģҲʶ
Ŷ¶ɻʶôʶ
Ǹռ֮Ҷǳ˻ͷѵû˵𣿡ݺЦ
ȻһȻӹһĨϲ֮ɫ
漴ƿ˵֣ʽΣ
ףңݺᾪɵؿƣһʲôҪԼ׵ģЩɻ
ǸҶǳСӽҡƽ˵һϣΣСҲģ
Ҫʲôݺ۾ơ


1309 ŭ
һϻȡһλܽķݺȷЩĶˣҶǳûʲôϵڰﳤպҶǳĹϵ⡣
ںﳤյǰﳤжӵ츳ߵһࡣ
ֻǣƵĿģݺЩɡ
Ǻǣ֣ܡ
ƵЦϾҪˣ϶ҪԼһܽȡһϣֻ׬
ϣݺ۾˵
ɫһҪʨӴſˣ
ҪôҪĿģҪô͸ϡݺ·ԶƣЦ
ضŰݺ᣺ãôߡ
ǸҶǳĺҪݺйâ˸ǷˣҶǳʲôãѾѵõϣҲǴ׬һˡ
ߣһóӸݺᡣ
лˣݺʱЦݵϡ
ûֻǽǰĿռѷ죬Ŀ˸
𣿿˵սٺ٣ǸطŬô꣬ڿԴȥˡ
м
Ϊ˵õıŬ£һδʧܣҶǳϿϣ
ҲĿǰĿռѷ졣
ʱţȻһӰǰĿռѷ
Ҷǳһˣÿ˵϶ЦݣȻջܴ
Ͼûıﶼǻˡ
Ҷǳõǧõʮջ񶼺ܴ
ף
ﳤտݺᣬ
ʣһΣʤˡ
Ͼͱ߳ˣ˿ڰݺһĽ
ڿﳤԵҶǳ󣬰һ˿ֻ
գĺܺãûΪʧݺЦŵͷ漴һӣ˵ǻȥɡ
˵꣬һڰӵܵս
ҶǳҲŷսȻӭǵһ貵ĹĻս֮⡣
ţҶǳݺᡣ
Ҳɻؿݺᡣ
ףҶǻûءﳤտĻҶǳæ˵
ֻһԵķӷ˲Ծ
ΪݺЦˣɨһ۹ĻҶǳ񣬵˵ҰԵѾ˺Ǹɡ
Ҷǳͫһһŭ
֪ԼѾݺˡ
ݺҪǸϳȥȻصҲ٣ʱԱ߻ˡ
Ҷǳɵӣ϶ǰݺƴʲôףǸˡ
¡¡սŰȥ
סﳤմҪȥǰݺ̧һѹͰѹȥ
ףΪʲôﳤպ۾Űݺᡣ
ݺᵭ˵˶ѣҲֻǸڻǿչ·ʶģֺαǣˣĲȻȥ󣬼ص㡣
ף㲻ôﳤմ
ڰݺѹ£ûзĻᡣ

ԱߣҶǳŰһȥķһ̶ܵǰδеΣС
ȻԱߵЦСһҺͰݺһʽףҸϻǡ
ݺᣡҧгݣԹ
Ҷǳû˵ֻ䣬ûʵ³Լڱ档
Щڸݺ뿪ǣȻڻЩΣգԼԼˡ
СһҲҪ̫ģҶûж⣬ֻҪǰҸæ
ƶҶǳЦ׼ȷ˵Ҫæ
ҿ԰æûáҶǳָ񣬶˵
ҶСӡһҶǳ
ɫСһʲôʸ̸Ϊڻܷ𣿡
ҿɱֹңջҪɱסҶǳ˵
㡭һɣɱɱҾ
ԿҶǳ˵ԣΪƼȻôݺύȻдã϶ɱ
Ȼջҧ˵ͷСӣ֣ҵš
˵꣬񣬺ȵɣ
ҶСӣ㡭Ҷǳижȴ֪˵Щʲô
ȥ֮ңûҸطԼȼǴħƴ½ͿչˡҶǳͬʱǧ
һ漴ҧ˵ҶСӣһܹģ֮㡣
ˣоԼѾˣڣָоȶȡ
Ȼת뿪ҶǳһΣ֮ǰ㴳ǿչ·ֿ£ô飬ô
İɣû֮ҷģһ죬Ҫ塣
Ⱥ㲻õģһڻ½ƽƽ

뿪ˡ
һսϣҶǳļ˳ս뿪
¡¡Ƹմһ貵⣬Զĵᴩʱ綼ˡ
ӿ֮еħɱƬռ䶼ȥˡ
ʵֲ̫ˣֻһСֲֿܣҲҶǳܵԼС
֪ǹ⵱ֵģΪıҪ
ߣ
Цһ߶սһâʧʡ
ǵִǡ
ͬǳƼеĳǳأҶǳûǳأƣִܲ
̤һͨص׵Ľݣϵ¡
úһͭųǰ
ţҶǳһЩɻ󣬲֪ƴʲô
һԵע⵽Ҷǳı飬ЦСӣ˵һȴħػҶұһ·
㶼ûãһҶǳһؿơ
ߵŵЩ⣬ﵽǿûȥֻܴȥȻȱħ࣬һȥ㸺ûЩħʵɡ
ԭˣ
ҶǳʱΪʲôҪѾ޴۸ݺύˣԭǿĻ
ʵȷħΧ


1310 
Ҷǳƽ̸ʱһǣҲڹŵǰϡ
Ҷǳĺ𺳣ΪѾͻһˣһڼӡ
壬ȻֲҶǳΪʲôԳưһˣǿļҲֲܿ
Ͼ£࣬չˣȻɳĿ졣
οֻҪã츳١
ĺҪΪѣǳΪȴס
ͺñʥ˵ĺȻΪʥ˺ѣǳΪȴס
Խǿĺ츳ԽߣδĳɾҲ
½̣ǵвʥˣͳλ½
СӣʮйǧˡһȻ˵
ʵȰݺһ㣬ȴԶ壬Ҳĵ֮
ôѵûȥŵжħҶǳɻ
Щ֣ô˻½֮󣬲ǵ֮Уǹŵ֮Уôħ
Щħϲֵط
Сӣϻ˵Ƚȥֻ֮ͷųĲ¡
ƼˣѾøҶǳϻֱӴߴټŵ
ҶǳʮΧм䣬ʮеľ治Զ
ʵϣҶǳҲû׼ˣʲôȲ˵ڣʮʵɱˡ
ǰҵıҲͶûˡҶǳ뵽
ΪƻԼûôɵ
ãԼҪסôǰŵΨһĻˡ
ȥȥ
Ҷǳ˼ͱһĴ˽ȥ
ŵڣãһƬȻпռ䣬ѹֿôˡ
ŵֶΡҶǳ뵽
ڴʱǰ洫ĴϮ׼ս
ʮ˷ǳ࣬Ҷǳֱм䣬ʲô
̽ǰӣſһȺħɱ˹
죬ų򣡡һĴҶǳ죬ܲ˵
£Ҷǳض
Сӣ˵һ飿Ĵһ䡣
Ҷǳ˵£
Сӣ㡭Ĵʱɱ
ħˣ㻹ʧһ𣿡ҶǳЦ
㡭֣ĴڵͷˣһѷҶǳ߶򣬷һĺѿ
ߣҶǳ˳죬漴ƵͷųһɹɷڵĻ𣬶ʱ˷ӳȥ
˲䣬㽫ʮ档
ЩǲûиܵĿϾǵġ
ǣЩħȴһ֣ʵ
ɱ
Ȼá
ǵʵɣɡ
Ӯˡ

һ˷ܴ
ҶǳʮţĴɨӣһۿоƣһѰ·
ʮһңҪҶӶûᡣҶǳһ
ʮִôӣ
ʮСĻƾĽĹߡ
ǶϴһʮΪˡ
ֻܼȴˣϣħܹǿһЩҶǳ뵽
ȻʧˣħȻ࣬еĴҲͱһİ£򲻹ɱĽڽڰˡ
Сӣߣ
һߴٵ
ǻħ֮Ѿʼŵģʼ̽ı
ǵִһǰǳߴħ±ɱҲԸߡ
϶һĴ˷ܵĴ
Ƕʱ񹥻ػħ
ʲôȣҶǳк棬űȥ
գػħǱˡ
Ĵʱ뱦ȴĺ
ô£ȵ
ʱĴǱӳһ˻ֵ̿棬ò˭˭Ѿˡ
ʲô飿
ʲô
ȥ

ĸ߲һɻ
úЩֳ˼Σһ⣬Ǵˣȫ
һ߾ʬ壬Ҳ̧˳
鹥ǵû£ȫݻˡһĴɫص
ô죿ǵľǵĲΣǼȻסҲסľǵΣֽ
˲ɵüͷ
鷳ˣò׵õȴȥ
ǼöֻҪ֮ڣ
ܴܿôȥ
һ˶üͷѾ뿪ŵȥƻˡ
ǵõҶǳȥ
һȥɵؿҶǳ
Ǹϻæ˵һҶǳǿͷһռ֮ľﵽ˵Ρ
ԭǸùļһѹ֡
СӾȻ˻츳ǵù
ûռ֮ǿѾˡ

˿ҶǳһֻϷŰ
Ҷǳ˵Ѿǵõ÷뿪˰ɡ
СӣˣȰǰȥ˵һĴҶǳ뱦֮С
ڱڣһȭͷСѪɫʯͷƯڰУɢ貵⡣
Ҷǳʯͷ֮иܵױȵȷһһε
Сӣ뿪ŵ
һĴҶǳ˹ȥ
䣡
һɺ嫵ӿͬˮһ಻ϵسҶǳꡣ
һ˲䣬ҶǳоԼ궼ˡ
ⶫôôǿҴﵽ۷εľȻ޷ֵ
Ҷǳ˾оԼѾˣƱӲ˺Ƭ
ʹ裬϶ȳ顣
ǰδеۡ
ں̫Ҫʹࡣ
Ҷǳÿһ궼ۣѪϳѷ죬ڹѡ
ҪըˣҲҪըˡ
һŲסˡ
ɣСӵľﵽ˵ΣѵҲס
ô죿ˣҲò߰
ɶô

˿ҶǳҲˡ
ȻǲǵҶǳǵĴ
ȻסǾͲҪˣ޼ޣԳޱ棬ˡ
ȻѾʹҶǳ͵۾һ˫貵˫Ŀ֮м˺ա
һ̣޾֮ͬһ㣬Ҷǳϱϯŵ
ľͻˣﵽ˵Ρĺ


1311 
ʱڣʣҪִ֮ĵطʲô죿
˵˵У˵
Ҳ˵Ρ
νξĻ룬˵Աƣȴûмޡ
˵֮⣬ǿգֻҪ룬ľִܵ
֮ûмޣޱ޼ʣǿһԽǿյĺ嫡
ľΡĺԭˣ
һ̣Ҷǳˡ
׽ˣҲ˵һ
ʱ˿̣֮ûмˣֻҪԸ⣬Ա鲼½鲼ǿա
ȻͷųԽǿֲҪԽǿڻҽԼ鲼½ȴҲ֮ǰǿһ򱶡
ʲô
˵֮ǰҶǳĽԸС˺ôڣǴһɱ
аش
ݺᣬƣһҪлǣô޴ĻԵҶǳ۾貵ҫ۶Ŀ˺硣
ԶļĴȻΪǴҶǳ￴ޱ޼ʺ嫵ǿգǸоԼ궼Ҫȥˡ
㡭㵽ôˣһĴŶҶǳ
Ҷǳϣеһ˿Σ
ôܣ
Ҷǳֻһѣʮǧ
ҶǳûеѪɫʯͷһϢʱݽԺУԭ걦ʯؼĽᾧȻһ
ƬȻֻÿһ˶ֻܽصģֻЩ˲ܽꡣ
սľ磬ѾԺɱһ˵꣬궼ˣȻҲͲѽֻء
ЩûʧƬ֮УȻ󾭹ĳתγҶǳе걦ʯ
ĽᾧֻҪֵܹס̺걦ʯԼ
˴ҵľͻﵽ߲ΣҲûܡ
ҶǳЩ
ǰҪԼľⵢʱ䣬걦ʯ㲻ľľڲϵǿ
ⶫľ˵һ
ҲѹôˣһǵõôδһԳʥ
ϧͽ£ҡҶǳЦ
˷۱ûõҶǳ
ҪǣѾҶǳǱ޵ˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼǳȥ侴׸һĴҶǳȻ걦ʯʱ˷ܡ
ǶҽӽҶǳϾֻҪһӽǾͻ
ƣ
Ҷǳһؿǰ⼸ĴЦΪʲôҶӣӣΪʲôҪ

¼
𣿡

Ĵܻŭȵ
ߣҶǳһĽʱһβֹһĽǺüĽһȥǰļĴᴩ
޼ޣȻԷֳĽ
ĴĽУһ˵ʱˣϢȫţΪһ߱ʬ壬ڵϡ
ûвҽҲûм˲Ϣ
鹥Ŀֲ֮
ǵʵǿǶҳ֣ƬҲֵסǵľ̫ˣֻеĲΣסҵĽ
Ҷǳżʬ壬Щп
ɱĴڣȴǱ׾ٵɱˡ
ǿľȴϣֺ
ҿһֱûзľҲתΪҶǳ뵽
ΪԼãֻһ֣ûôǿľôղžѾ걦ʯɱˡ
ʵϣղûڹؼʱľΡĺôѾˡ
ҶǳܹţõԵĲʵҲǶľϵŬ
ڣǾŬˡ
壬ǸˡҶǳһЦ漴ڼĴ
̽ǵĵ磬еıѹθɾ
ÿһһⶫȻòţǿԷֽΪԭϡ
òϣҲԸ񣬻
⼸Ĵǿߣ֮⣬ĵرȵȡ
ǵÿϾһڣҶǳ۾ֱ
ˣ
Ҷǳ˫Ŀ⡣
뵽滹ʮжٵ
ˣǷˡ
ЩȺԼҶǳû˿˻û뿪ĽѾ
ʱͷ׷䣬Ϣ֮˱ʬ塣
ô£
ʲôˣ



һ֣̿ǿǰͬ׷䣬ɱʬ壬ȴˡ
ֲ̫ˡ
ǰͬһһ䣬Լȴ
ֲֿ̫ǿˣǸе䡣
ӣ
ŵˣŵš
Ľٶ̫ˣЩ˸ûгȥԶͱɱʬ׹
̶Ƭ֮䣬ʮȫ
ԶһЩдħҪ磬Ľɱ
Ҷǳ߳صʬ壬ֶеޱȡ
һУֻҪĽﲻΣٶĵˣҶܽնɱ
ҶǳܵĽĿֲ֮
ĽĹûа취ľβǾֻ·һӶӲ
ٶ඼ûãҶǳľﵽ˵ΣûмޣԷֳĽٶĵ˶
ҶǳԼ֮£Ѿ޵ˡ
ľﵽ۷壬²ܵסĽ˺١
Ͼ⣬Ը¹ȥľ
Ҳܴ⣬ҵ̫ˣͻȻҹҲס
ҶǳʡԼȱ㡣
ЩȻסԼĽԼҲסЩĹ
Ľ޷ͬĽҲ޷ֵ˵
Ҫ˭ȳˣЩȳ֣Ҷǳˡ
ȳ֣Щˡ
뿪Ͼȥ֮Ѱʥϣ硣ΨˣҲֲȱ㣬վ۷壬ܹ
Ҷǳգ㿪ʼѹαˡ
ʮʮ磬֮ıء
ҶǳоԼûôҸ̫ˣۻҡ
ĵ֮УǵѾѻɽһڣ㹻ˡ
˵ʮǵļֵԽһڵ
ˣ
Ҷǳޱȼ


1312 
ʮµĻۣõ»۵Դ񶼱Ҷǳ
ʮһڵıЩֵκһۺ졣
Ƿˣ
Ҷǳԣ˻ˡ
ʼмݺˡ
мơ
һﶼǺ˰ԼôĻԵ
ھ㼦½Ҷ㹻ԴǽˡҶǳЦĺܿġ
ëǲŶˣ油̵һЩţҲᳬһˡ
ʮһڵ˵һˣһˣǽ硣
Դ㹻ˡ
ϾһµĻۡ
һףһЩȴ㹻ˡ
ô£ۣ֣ǵôˣΪʲô򶼷ˣ
Ȼ洫ŭ
ڸոգӦԼסʮȫˡ
Ǽˡ
ôܣ
ŵڵħٶ࣬Ҳɱʮһ˶ûӳ
οǰѾõϢħѾˡ
ȫˣ׷ʲô
ƸоԼҪˣڹŵſڴХ
ʮǿǼµĻۣȻƬ֮ȫ
һӴ壬һӱ˹¼ҹˡ
ƵڵѪֻҪڣؽ壬Ҫٵۣ
ңǼҵҪЩȥһܲȥæЩɣҪء
ڣЩҵֻˣһ˸˲
浽׷ʲô
ƴ
ûҪҶǳΪüȻʮˣôҶǳһССĵܻ
ⲻܣ
Ǻǣһϼһ档Ҷǳ洫ŭʱһЦ
ûмڳȥûиԼĽܹɱ֮ǰǲҳȥġ
ϾһɱƣǶԷһƾܰ
ɱһףοɱһ
ĽĹǿ󣬲ķҲǿ
ʵϣҶǳڵķһס
ܽŵҾĽ̽һ¡Ҷǳ뵽
ɱƣҲܳȥܲһֱ߹ŵɡ
Ȼڲȱٵûʥϣһֱ޷硣
ᱻڴ˵ء
뵽˴ҶǳʱĽ
ݣ
Ľŵɱŵſڵơ
һ˲䣬ƵȫëˣܵǰδеΣС
ô£
Ƽٺˣ˳˵رΣȴԽԽ
ٶȺܿ죬Ľٶȸ졣
á鹥վǿߣܿͷӦˣûá
鹥Ҳ޷ֻӣֻԼľֵ
ۣ
Ƶٶٿ죬ҲվĽ׷ˣľȻﵽ˵ΣҲֻǵγڣסĽ˲ͱشˡ
ȻǿǴﵽ˵ε鹥е
ֱͣӸǵĴ˵ء
ЩˣܲסˣԼҪˣҪЩ֪ٴ
ƻûôʴȣ˵˼ϵ⣬ﶼֵһᡣ
ڣЩӶˣЩ֪ٴȻҲˣǱȲԼҪ
ǹϣ
ŵ֮УҶǳϵȥסǣѾˡ
ҵĽвˣٿвСһɱСһûֱС
Ҷǳ˼
һɱСôľ
ղǲ֪Ҳ֪ڹŵ棬Ȼƾɱˡ
ҶǳԼȱ㣬ûн
뿪˵ˣȥ֮ϡҶǳ漴뿪ŵŽݣ˵ر
ůܵ
˵֮ǰǽʱΣա
ٴγѾվ۷壬вˡ
޳
Ҷǳпһ£ȥѹαˣϾһӴ廹
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ȻҶǳôɵظǶֶţֱĽɨȥӵɱ
ڵˣҶǳʴȡ
ִı󣬽ʧΪıﶼһЩԵõĶ
мֵȲϼ
ʲô⣿
ĺöƵĵ档Ҷǳ뵽
ʵϣҲôֻзԼĵ֮Уȫġ
ȻЩźҶǳûжʧεջѾǳ޴ˡ
Ҷǳǰ֮µǣӵڲҺڿֻš
ЩͼߣҶǳûиϾɱϾÿһӵܶǻˡ
οЩ棬ҶǳҲ²֡
ƣҶǳ飬һ죬ɱơ
аݺᣡ
ҶǳûмȥҰݺᱨûһɱݺİգûйŵ
οһһɱݺᣬٲҲߡ
ϧŵߣȻһҶǳһ̾
֮ǰҲԴŵûãŵ·ؽϣ޷޷ߡ
ԵˣҶǳҲ޷ǿ
ҽ֮ȥҰݺᱨҲ١ҶǳЦ
ƣʹްݺᣬԷҪԼ򣬾ԼҪˣƣȫҶǳӰﳤյĹϵ
飬ĺ
ˣаﳤյĹϵڣҶǳҲŹ

˳ĵҶǳ˷ѣڳǳ֮䲻ϵתִһǵĳǳء
ǳ֮ĳǳأҪȥ֮ߣ
ҶǳҲԼϡ
ȵִ֮Ҷǳһҿջס£Ȼ¼磬ϵ
һãֻҪĳЩؾ޾룬ͨ磬˴˽̸
֮ǰڰʱҶǳѾͨ˺ѣ˿˸Ϣ񣬶ԷֻҪûбչϻӦ
ӳʱܿ죬ӦòչҶǳ뵽ȴĻӦ
ȻȴٳûлӦ
ô£Ҷǳһ
ЩˣϾ˫ЩץסԼܡ
ȻҲǱϾŸոսǿĻкܶࡣ
٣ЩͲԶԿġ
ҶǳЩżˡ


1313 ¬ɽ
һ£Ҷǳ޷ͨϵףĳˡ
ô죿ҶǳЩż
ﲻħƴ½Ҳǻǿչ·ûһûκ£ҪϢ첻
䣡
Ҷǳ֮˶ʱ侲˼Ű취
״̬£˼תﵽһ¡
Ծ
ȻҶǳһɣ֮еõǧȫԳִǣᵢʱ䣬ôΣգ
Ȼ˵˫һıҲȫԼϢǿߣӦÿŶԡ
οҲСӣ±Ҷǳö࣬ôô٣
ˣڰ壬ķѱԴˣԴָơȻѾҵĻԴɿͨӦĴ·λ
Ҷǳʱ۾һ
ھ侲״̬֮Уҵһ취
£ҶǳʼͨԴӦټ
ͬʱҲ֮ӳȥ
ӦڵķλҶǳһֱߣǰ̽
ֱ֮̽Ϊ̽ľԶɳΧ䣬̽ķΧȻ󣬵̽ľͶˡ
ҶǳΪޣȻޣҲƵرһ֧Ųסͻ
ţȻڲǣ
ҶǳΪҪķѺܾʱ䣬û뵽ܿҵķλԷڲǡ
Ƿܶ࣡
Ҷǳ뿪ջ̽λȥ
֮һۡǰۡǳɣ̧ͷһֻۡҶɷĴ֡ʥš
еϤ
ҶǳһûǴĻǿ˵һԱͼʥţʱһء
˽¬ɽܣ츳ǿļ֮һ
ҪȻҲᱻʥſˡ
ʥźܲȰ塢ǿˣΪʥˣ̻Զһ塣
Ӧʥڲǵפأ棬ܹӦϢ
Ҷǳüͷһ塣
ʲô
ңǳڣ˭ڳڳ֣ΪС
֪ǵĳһλϷҲǺպĴڣʥž㲻ǳҲ׿
û٣ΪβӦĻϢ
ˣ
Ҷǳʼš
֨ۡĴűƿһսҶǳʵʲô飿
ȻҶǳǵʥŵĵӣǵһЩ
ҶǳҲû˵ʵʶʥŵĵ¬ɽܣ˭һƺ棬ҽһ
¬ʦ֣սҶǳȻ֪¬ʦ֣ѵ㲻֪ľ¬ʦ¬ʦִ˿̾棬֪˵ʶʲôѣߺߣҼˣǲҪʥʹϵʥŲʲôèġ
ս˵գҪš
Ҷǳ⼤䣬ǳˣȵô֪Ҳʶ¬ɽܣʶΪؽڡ
㡭սܹܵҶǳ壬ֻоԼ궼ڲĲ֮£ֻ˵ţҽȥͨ¬ʦ֡
˵꣬һˡ
¬ɽܾ棿Ҷǳߵսüͷʱ
Щ飬ƺ˵ͨˡ
Ȼ¬ɽ棬ôˣϾǿ˵ˣʶòȻⲻ˽
ǣΪβӦϢ
ѵ
Ҷǳйâһ¶һ⡣
һֲõԤС

ۡڣһڷһ¯ȵ¯ȼգһڶ¯֮ϼš
ڶ¯ǰһЦݵؿŶ¯ϵЦ˵˫̶̰֮䣬ҵǿһȫ㣬±ЩҲ˿
¬ɽܣڶ¯֮УˣȻ
ȫ¶Ƿģֻ۾Թŭص¬ɽܣȴ˵
Ϊ׽ˣС
񣬲ҪңҪ־ֻܹ˫񣬾Ҳ㣬ҲᱻȻˣ㻹ȫңǶǿ˵ĳԱ
¬ɽܹЦ˵ǿˣ뵽λǿ޵еԣҿǷǳɨǿչ·˭࿹ϧȻռ֮ǵù츳ҷ֣ʱ̫Ҳã츳㹻ˡ
˫Ŀص¬ɽܡ
¬ɽЦǲǾұˣ˶Ҫɳģҵĸо޵УڣֻһѾˡԽ֮ҸоʵҲ츳ٸΣ޷Ϊ
̫ˣʲôƨǿˣֻڻǿչ·ϵĽ˶ѣѾɢˡ
¬ɽһؿ¯֮е񣬼˵˻½ŵ飬޴顣ҲңĲңǿ˵ˣ֮⣬Ǿ޵к٣³ˡ
¬ɽܵĻ˫֮оԹͷŭ
ٺ٣ŭɣԽǷŭԽҵᱻԽ¬ɽЦ
ڴʱ
⴫һ¬ʦ֣и㣬˵ʶ㣬˵һ
ʲô
ڣ¬ɽͫһ
¯֮Уϲɫ
¬ɽܿ¯֮еɫʱһôˣӦþλҶˣ˭ûˣ
һһؿ¬ɽܡ
Ŀ¬ɽܺܲˬߵ㲻ҪŸˣҲûãɲǻǿչ·ư޵е硣ѾֻһΪҾ
¬ɽ˵ֱ꣬Ӷ˵ȥȥˣУѾ뿪ˡ
¯֮Уŭص¬ɽܡ
ˣԹΪҼû˿Ծȵ㡣¬ɽһЦ

ۡſڡ
Ҷǳڵȴš
֮սˣҶǳЩ仯ܿͻָԭ˵ǰ¬ʦָպ³ȥˣɡ˵ѣɣڼǰ뿪ˡ
뿪ˣ
ҶǳЦˣĻԴӦ󣬴˿ۡ棬ô뿪
Уղս˵¬ɽܾ棬ȴ˵¬ɽ뿪ˡ
۾˵ϹҪƭ


1314 
ǰ¬ʦֵȷѾ뿪ˣ֮ǰǿ˵ˡսæ˵Ҳ뵽Լ˵Ļæ
ȻҶǳô
ǰɭĸۡҶǳȵ¬ɽܣҳ֪棬ҲӦ棬㲻Ҫ̷
㡭ôڴսʱŭҶǳ
ҶǳһǿֱǰսѪɡ
ۡڣУ¬ɽɫޱȡ
ȻԸӦĴڣ¬ɽܶŶ¯֮е
һЦоǳ
ߣ֪Σ˺ڻõž¬ɽܲм
һ̣ƿ֮ţŸۡſȥ
һſڣ¬ɽܶʱɫҶǳһ
ϾǸҶǳһ·ӵһǴ򴩻ǿչ·ģҶǳ޵ѾӡС
ԣڿҶǳ֮¬ɽܻЩɵ
֪ҶǳֻһѾˡ
ߣֻһѾˣҲҪ¬ɽжԼ˵ǿԼ
漴һЦݵӭҶǳȥ߻һߴЦԭˣѹôϤǸʦܾȻûнҡ
¬ɽܵԱߵսһۣ漴ҶǳǸ˼ҸղڱչʦܿܲԲ˸ɡ֪ˣһӭӡ
Ҷǳ俴¬ɽڱݣöԷ˵ˣ˵¬ɽܣǻǿչ·ҶĶ飬ҲָܹҡųԺǶԹ塣
Щ˼ҵȷ񣬵Ѿˣ¬ɽҡҡͷһЦ
ҶǳЦϷˣҵĻԴڲһǲҪҽȥ
ǲǣôլǱǳΪУȫҪ󡣡¬ɽϵЦһĮ˵
ҶǳЦڲϷҵôûпıԣԹҲˣȻԼһսսѶŹ㻹𣿡
Ҷǳ
ȻѾ˺Ƥˣ¬ɽҲͲٳƺҶǳΪ˿ɫ䣬г˳֮ɫսѣڻǿչ·ǲǻöѣҳҵİܴû㣬߲ǿչ·Ҳһ㰰ǰûйҲпͣҲǷʲô
С
¬ɽһЦؿҶǳһһ˵ҵȷˣΪ񣬷Ҫ飬Ҫ־͹̫ˣʲô˶ţΪڻǿչ·
¬ɽܣҶǳɫ䵽˼㣬Ŀ˵ض¬ɽܣȵҸһᣬ̷ų񣬷Ը
¬ɽһƺЩܲҶǳĿ⣬վǿԼߵҶǳǲǣҵҪҺԸοڵ㣬ҵĶ𣿡
䣡
˵գһǿƴϯƺƵǵأѹҶǳ
ȻҶǳľﵽ˺εȲΣ˵һѹƣѹƣ޾塣
ң¬ɽֻһСʵǺǿ
ҶǳȻֻǴĽɱܹشһ¬ɽʲô
ֻ˵վǲǣҶǳҲǵĳǿǴԼڿԿġ
ţ
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һֻǵﵽ˵ǿҲֵܵסưɡ¬ɽüͷһ塣
Ҷǳ䶢ȷǲǣڲıˣһΥ˲ǵķɣҲǳΪС
Ǻǣʲô֤֤ıˣ¬ɽһЦݡ
֤ݣҶǳߵ߲ҪģҲҪ֤ݣֱӽȥҵˡ
˵꣬Ÿۡȥ
䣡
ֲĻ𣬶ʱҶǳӳסۡ¬ɽҲ档
վס¬ɽܴŭɱҶǳûжϾڼ
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ߣ
Ҷǳһʩչռʱâγһɷ籩ŰƬء
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¡¡
˽ֲɢȥѾǳˣһЩ
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ʲô
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һľ´ﵽ˵Σ¬ɽ󺹣ҶǳʵʱסôĽǶ֡
ҲԸҶǳ
ǵ˸ˣֻҪҵסû֤ݣЩǵ˲ڳڶ֡
¬ɽܸӦΧһɹǿϢʱϬһٳڼҶǳɱȥ
ҶǳҳС㣬վ֪ĿֲҾʶһ£ʲô
¬ɽܴ
䣡
ٿǰδеĿֲܣƬռ䶼ķ顣
͡
Ȼû¬ɽܳɹҶǳĽѾٶȽشɵƸǿҡ
¬ɽܴѪﻹڴ߶оԼڵ궼Ҫˣ˶ڲ˵ˡ
۵ߣ
ҶǳһֱԽԶĹ
ĸӦ֮Уŵ
Ȼ򿪹ŵ֮ϾͿ˱ڶ¯񣬶Ҳʱһ˷ܡ
䣡
Ҷǳֱӳֻ鶦¯⿪ϵķӡ˳
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λ֣¬ɽܣʥŵĵӡ¬ɽæ˵
ʥţλʱĿһƺˣȷʥŵһפء


1315 Ź
¬ɽܷǳգȰԼʥŵӵݣһǵ˾ͻȼɵ֣ʱ϶վߡ
ϾǵҲԸʥţٺҶǳûб˱ǵ˿϶վʥߡ
һ汰ɣ
ҶǳȻҲ¬ɽܵĿģ˵λ֣ߵλ˫񣬴ڲץλѣȥ鴫ȥԺ˭ǣ
¬ɽɫһ䣬ҡͷģڳץġ
˫񣡡
ǵĴ۾һУ̾˫˲ãܹȷܹǿܴ
Ҷǳɫһ䡣
¬ɽܺٺЦλϲҾͰ͸ˡ
ߣǵĴһҲˣڳڣҾκ˵˺ǲǵˡ
˵գҶǳ񣬵˵ǷģֻҪڲû£û˿ԶԸǡ
ֿ¬ɽܣߵʥŵȷǿֻʥŵһӣûʸҼɵοʥŵϣҾ͵ûٸ£ǾͱҲ
ߡ
ǵĴ뿪ˡ
ԸʥţҲԸҶǳǣϾһ˳ȥԺ˭ǲǣ
˵ĻôǴķãǾʧ޴
˫񣬵ȷ󣬵ѾǴˣĿҲô⡣
ٺͲǵ㲻ʲô
ߣ
¬ɽܿŲǵ뿪һҲû⡣٣סˡ
¬ɽܣСӸҵţֻҪ˲ǣҾ㡣ҧгݵص¬ɽܣɱ
¬ɽƳһۣмƾ㣿ҵ°ܽ
͵Ϯңôܴңгɱ⡣
ҶǳҲɱض¬ɽܵɱ㣬ҿɱ㡣
¬ɽһҶǳĽ£Σȷˡ
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ҶǳĽҲ¬ɽܿԿġ
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ȻҪȥԮˡ
ɫһ䣬æҶǳҶСӣʥʥأδػʥˣٲȱǻǸϽ뿪ǣȥ֮ɡ
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ҶǳгɱıսѣѾǿˣһҪдˡ
Ҳɱ¬ɽܣĵʥźǿǶܹġ
Ǵʲôط𣿡ҶǳȻЦ
һ漴ŷӦ԰㲻ᣬһˣ㲻Ǳץôѵģ
ٺ٣ϼһȥȡһǼҵľﵽ˵Ρ
ҶǳЦεľܹжôǿʮȫҸɱˣƣشŵߡ
ʲôԳ׾ˡ
ûĻղҶǳ˵ɱʮʮʮ򡭡
ҡԴоǲԼˣǿʮʮ
ľֻҪûдﵽΣҵĽһסͱɱˡҶǳЦ˵
񳹵ˣľΣмﵽľεģ֮УǺľﵽεġ
½ҲһľΪֻҪǵΪﵽ磬ľͻԶΡ
ȻˣǻصľʲôֱΪܽʡʱ䡣
Ϊˣ֮ľﵽε˾ͺˣԡ
Ҷǳɱˡ
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Σһ𺳵ؾ̾Ȼûн磬ȴѾԺɨˣһЩľﵽγڵҪشǵǿԽˣ
ҪǰҵõסĹ
ҶǳҡͷȻɱǰȳ֣ͻȻҳ֣Ҳסͬĵ޷һɱҳ֣ҲӲ
Ѿܱ̬ˡ̾
߰ɣȥջϢ˳һЩöҶǳЦ˵
ŶʲôöҶǳЩʵ
ʮǵɶҵġҶǳЦ
ʱ۾ˡ
ˡ
ȻҶǳɱʮôսƷأ
ʮһӴļֵ
еΪѵ𣿿϶ʱŲٵ
һ˵ÿżôʮж٣
Ѿˡ
Сηˡ˷ܵ
ԺĵõˡҶǳЦ
ȵ˿ջҶǳһڵ񣬼ֱѺ߸ַˡ
ҶСӣô㲻𣿡漴ɻ
ҶǳЦСЩĸУҴõĵһڣ⻹ʮЩãҪ
Ŀɿڴ漴һ˷ܵظпһӱˣǾ̣ûǸС
ŶˣȻ˵Ȼô֪ܲʥϣ
Ҷǳҡͷϻ˵ʥ̫ϡˣûԸ
̾ǻôһ֮
ţǱģľﵽ˵ΣĽҲ֮ˡҶǳͷ
Ҫһ㣡ȻҪնɱ¬ɽǻ쵰ǳô˻ᣬҾʵЩԽˡʱ򣬾Ҳܹ㵲סͿĽɱˡ
Ҳãеʱ䣬ڲҶǳ˵ͷ
ڵе⣬Ȼɱȶ֣Ҳֵס
סôٿֲⲿ֡
˵ڿջ֮У
ͬʱʥŵפأ¬ɽͨ磬ϵһλʥŵĴ
ʦ֣ұ֤ûѣ˾˫񣬵һڻǿչ·洳Ҷĵϸǳ
ףףһῴסģ

¬ɽһ˳硣
ҶǳߣҵòҲù¬ɽԹͺ⡣
ҶǳѾԼ
Ҫ


1316 
ջ֮УȫΪ硣
㹻ĵٶȾͺܿ죬Ҳܿ졣
ĵĵҲǳֲһ꣬һڵƽһһڵ
˵ôֱ˷ѵҶǳںеǵ㹻
ΪͬʱҶǳҲûţҲõռ֮
Ȼʱ޷޷磬ⲢӰռ֮
ǽռ֮㹻ôҽ֮ʱһӾ磬Ǵ۷塣
Ҷǳ뵽
ʵѾˣģǼѡ
һɹ̤֮ʱ
ҶǳҰĺܴҪԼĿռ֮ʱһ磬ֱܹԾ磬Ǵ۷塣
һʵͿֲˡ
ʱ򼴱㿹Ҳٻ£ɱҲûܡҶǳ뵽
ĽشСˣܹסСĹôɱСǲܡ
ڻ½ʷϣû˿ɱҶǳܹԻ½
ʱƶ
ڲǵĴһѤĹâ
һ̣һߴӴ߳󻹸λǿϯȥʱΧ˵ͷá
ʦ֣
¬ɽѾЩ߳æȥӭӡ
Ϊ׵ĸߴӽĿʥһλ۷ǿߣ¬ɽܣߵ˵Ǹ˫ڲ𣿡
ʦ֣ھڲǵһҿջ¬ɽæ˵
ǣĿüǸ˫ѵˣ
ʦ֣˽ҶǳʦҲ˽ˣλռ֮ķˡ¬ɽ˵
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ĿߵȥǣҪ֣뿪˵ʦܡ
ĿȻе
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ĿӸһƣ˸һʥ֡
Ҹ׵ƣȥݼǵٳæֻ˽˳ӵġĿȻ
λʦæͷҲЦһǶѣǿ϶Ҫʥӡ
˵꣬ʹ뿪
¬ɽܼ״ʱһЦ֪Ҷǳˡ
λʦֿɲ򵥣ĸʥŵһλǿĴдԣʥ֮Уһλʥ˴ڣλʦֵϡ
ˣλʦʥŵĵλܸߣǿ϶Ҫӡ
ҶǳΪڲǲȥܱߣ¬ɽɭȻһЦ
ǰ·ĿȥҶǳסĿջ

ջС
϶ȻͷųһǿϢ֮еҶǳˡ
ͻˣҶǳЦݵؿ
ЦķڵٲͻƣҾǰ׳ˡȻɾ˴ڵҪΪ
˵ף˫õ㱾Դͺˡڲϣٺ٣еǡ
Ҷǳ˵գóټѡ
Щ͹ˡĿһɨʱѡ˼ʮˡ
ˬ漴һ˷ܵҷָСӣֱ̫ˣ㹻㹻ٺ٣Щ̡˶ûôԴ
ˬˣЩԴȴûáҶǳ̾
Цߣھȥ֮˳¬ɽСӡȥôãСѾԮ
ǸýˡҶǳɱ
ڴʱ
Ҷǳ񣬿ݼʦ֡¬ɽܵȻ
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Ԯˣ֪Ǻηʥȥ˿һţϾѾǴˡ
Ҷǳǵ뿪ջһţǱ㿴¬ɽܵˡ
ֻΪ׵һĸߴ󣬴ŽһȲü֮ɢһɰȻ֮һ֪ݺܸ߹
ֻݺܸ߹ˣְԼȱ˸һȡ
ҶǳλʥŵĿʦ֣°ݼ¬ɽȵ
Ŀ֣ĿӵɨһȻû࿴ˣϾֻһԼı
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¬ɽܣ׼𣿡˵ͬʱһǿƣϯȥ
أ
¬ɽܶʱúˣŵص񣺡ôܣȻ̤˴磬żѣôô죿
ԣµڻǿչ·֪𣿿ϧǸͽ㲻ѵĻҲԽˡ֪ģԼˣϧ
Ц
ô˵Ϊ¬ɽܰûڣܡ
Ȼ¬ɽһеȷһ˿ڡ
ҶǳĸԣȻҲûбѣǲҲһ˴磿
¬ɽͻȻЩۡ
ϧû
Ǹռ֮Ҷǳ𣿡ʱĿˣҶǳһȤ
кιɣҶǳ
ĿȻҸһᣬ׳ߵ˫ҳȻͳʥţҿ԰̤硣
Ŀ˵꣬ԱߵļλʦֵЦռ֮ųǿ֮շ˴ˣԺʥصĴ˱Ҳˡ
ʦ˵ǡ
Ȼûʲôãշȷӡ

ʥŵĴҲæͷ
Թ˵̸ҶǳûҶǳҶǳɫһƬɱ
һȺ׳գȮʲô񿴵Ҷǳ裬ʱŭȵ
ĿƳߵ¯ѣҲǰСҼʱ򣬽ȳоȼհꡣ
үүƤʺʱƨɡҲ
õĿɱ䣬Ҷǳ˵ǾöڲڣҲҶǶ֣𣿡
Աߵ¬ɽһɭȻЦǱ˵̫磬ʦѾ˷˲ǵĴǳһӶڲǣȻ뿪
ھ뿪Ҷǳ˵ȻͺֱӳŲǳȥ
ţ
¬ɽһ㶡
Ŀ۾Щ졣
ҶǳȻĳųȥˣѵǸҳǣ


1317 
ǳŴҶǳĿҲˡ
ųĲãأĿһЦ߰ҵҪǸҲҳǡ
Ҷǳеӳǣһ֡¬ɽҲ
ݣ
ڴʱһȺӲԶǲǵ
Ϊ׵ģǵֹҶǳ¬ɽսλ
֣
֣
ǵĴĿĿҲ
ֲҪǵĴɫص
Ŀ˵ؽ裬ģ֪أڳڣǲᶯֵġ˵ӺܴҪǣȳ˳ǣɲҪ¡
ǣؽ迴Ҷǳһ˿ȣ漴ͶĿЦģֻҪǳǣ㲻ǲǵı
˵꣬ؽҲҶǳ˵ˣһǣǲǾû񱣻ǡʱǻǾͲǵˡ
лѣһЩèûɱҵġҶǳ˵
ؽһôĿȻĿ˷
ǷǳĿʵͲĿ
Ҷǳֻһѣô
һʱ䣬ҲЩˡ
ǰ׳𣿻е

ĿҶǳЦеҵҪʲô
¬ɽҡͷʦ֣˵ĵϸ֪һû˿
ǣ
Ҷǳɨһۣ漴ʹˡ
߳ŵʱת¬ɽһĨӵƣͽ¿ôɱ㡣
¬ɽĵ׶ȻðһɺȻ֪ҶǳΪʲôôеȷηˡ
ĿߵŪ飬ҪŻ𣿡
СӣֳǰղŲ˵Ҫɱôûˣڳе
ʦ֣ƺеŹ֣ǵ̫ˡ¬ɽܿĿЩɵҶǳʵҶǳڻǿչ·еı̫ˡ
ĿҲЩ͸Ҷǳǵ·Ǿѵǰ׳ôĳǣ
ĿȻҲǰ׳գϾܹ۷壬ôܻǰ׳ա
ԣܽ
Ҷǳ񲻿ܻǿ϶еŸҳǡ
ʲô
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¬ɽؿҶǳĵһ֮ǰģ´Ҳˡ
㻹´ΣҶǳߵ
¬ɽæ֪ˣһλᣬҵĸ㴳ǿչ·һսսѡ
£֪սˣ㵱͵ϮңҪң¬ɽܣһŲ¬ɽܵؿڣŭ


1318 ͨ
¬ɽܱڵϣȻк񣬵˿¶һ˿⣬Цĵ֣ҵʱǺͿˣһΰɡ
㣿ĵĻ𣿡һЦ
¬ɽܼġ
ݺݵ¬ɽһ١
ԶǳſڣһȺĿɿڴ
ؽɴ۾һβž̾鹥ȻܹɱĿҵҲᱻɱ
ԱߵһλµǰĿľڵĲ۷壬ȴɵס鹥һ֮У˭ֵܵٶˣɱģֻľﵽεܶԸˡ
˲ð˲ã˲ռ֮ӵôǿľл츳Ǹߡؽ̾
ϧˣռ֮ѾΪĳ̵ˣõصͬҶǳ
Ҳ˺ѵռ֮ˣû취Ϊ𣿡
ؽҡͷô˵ɣҪ͵ʥϼ⻹˵Щ̶õóҪǾ͵Ҫ񼶵ĲˡѾ۷ˣԣϲܳʥһܳʥţЩ̺˵ûá
˻ܹΪǿ»ǿϧǿҲܿʥˡ
츳ϧȴֹֻΡ
ܣû񼶵Ĳϣ硣

һЩ۷׷ס
ҶǳƳһ۲ǣ漴˵ɣǸˡ
ҶǳĻĵ¬ɽܣʱͫһæҪɱҰ
ǿ˵ĵһ죬Ҿ͸˵ˣұǿˣֻҶǳ˵
ЦͽģΪǻôʴ𣿸ұѣֻ·һ
¬ɽҧ֪ԼˣҲˣԹҶǳɱңҲк³ģٺ٣ĿʥĶӣǾ͵űʥ׷ɱɡ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ˣǺҲûˡ
ߣһʥţү⡣Цһ漴¬ɽ·
ǲк³ġ¬ɽǰ䡣
ɱ¬ɽ֮ҶǳǽʥżϵﶼˣȻ׼ȥ
ʱؽæ˵λʥʵǿλСĵ㣬Ҫ߳ǳش󣬲ȻᱻǷֵġ
лˣҶǳԲؽ豧˱ȭ漴뿪ˡ
ǣһʦ֣ΪҪǣ
ԵˣҶǳھɱܹ̤磬˵ܿˣֺαΪУؽЦ˵
һȻ

ʥš
ʥľ
ȻһƺţΪʥʵ̫ǿڴ֮ж޵е˲ֱֻܾΪ
ѾﵽļޣչأʥֻҪɹʥžһλʥˣλл½
Ѿ֮Բ磬׻𹲴棬ֻҪ֮ںΪ׻ɳʥ
ϥݳʥ֮
磬Ѿֻϣܹʥ
һʥվڻ½۷壬ǶôĿĳɾͣ
кܼС
ʱһʥŵ֣̿ľͷ䤱˵ʦֵˡ
ʲô
Ȼ۾һ˫ȻĿⶴգ޴ѹʱ٣ʥڵϡ
ʥµ¬ɽǰϢƣʦǱһҶǳɢɱģˣҶǳǴӻǿչ·ռ֮Ǹˡ
ʥŵ֪ҪˣΪֻĿһӡ
Ȼ䣬һӿȵĿֲɱľＤϯʥš
ҴȥҶǳͨ˻ɱҶǳߣһµӻɱҶǳߣΪʥʥӣɼ̳ʥ֮λ
ʥš
ޱߵɱƳˮһ㣬û˾졣
һʱ䣬ʥڷӿڲѡ

һ̻Իͣׯ¡
֮ڣϥŵһ͵۾Ŀ͸һĨ˷֮ɫ쿪۰ȻɱĿһʥŵʥ֮λҵˡ
ˣҴ̽Ҷǳ٣Ҫɱʥŵʥ֮λɲñˡ
ǣʦ֣

һڣչѾõı߳мʥӭ
ɨһۣһȻҶǳ䣬Ҫڲɽ֮ǰɱ
ǣʦ֡һӦ

Ŀˣ
һƬãɭ֮Уɽرջ磬̧ͷգǳһĨЦݣҪӽİ࣬ʥһֱ׼ϧ̫ˣȻһŸɱˣôʥ֮λɽˡ
׼ִʥô꣬ˮתҲֵǼˡ
ɽЦһ뿪˵أĳǳء

ʥŵͨܿϷڴ鿪𾪲ѡ
Ҷǳ
ⲻǸռ֮ĵù
ûнȻɱʥŵһλ۷ǿߣʵ𺳡
лĸڻ淢ͣһӴϷ
ⲻܣ
ǣݺ֪Ϣʱɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
ǰյϢʮǿɱƶشŵһǣ֪ʲôطҶǳӦѾ˲ŶԣôţȻɱĿ
ݺɫ仯ϣзǳɻ
ĿʵǷǳģǴ۷壬ټһ۷ϰ֣϶ǿĵƣ˭ɱ
ڣȴһˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҫǣδߵģݺɲƻô׷ŹҶǳǲܵġ
СʲôҲ֪ܡݺĿ˸
ԼбҪȥһˣϾѾҶǳ˺ҶǳɳǶ˵Բһ顣
ڵҶǳɱĿ۷壬Ҷǳٽһǿвˣ
˵ռ֮޷ɹѱ⣬ȻѾˣǾͽ˳㽻ʥšݺɫĮ뵽

һƫƧɽ֮УѾָ괴ˣرǰĻ磬ϳ֮ɫ
ĿǴ۷壬Ȼɱ۷ǿߣ
ңʮˣȴţ
϶õŵıľǿԲɱʮشҡ
Ƴˡ
ûлҶǳСʵǰòš
鹥ȻֻҪܹȳ֣·һҧǱҵģ˭Ҳߣ


1319 ɽ
֮걻Īİɫ֣ǳ죬˭Ҳ֪ôģͱ鲼ƬǲŰƬ֮Ϊ֮
֮ǳ󣬱ȵǧˣаɫ֣û˿Կ
ְɫ̽ӣֻ۵ĻʵҲǧ֮ĳ
ʱӰ֮
ǴӲǸҶǳ
棬ҵ޷֮һ̽ΧʧתͷԱߵҶǳ
ҶǳҲڳҲûã˵ͷͷųԼ֮
ľﵽεӴ֮ʱ˷ӳȥЩɴڣ֮޷Χ
ûã
Ҷǳҡͷֻܿˡ
ѹﱻ֮ΪأԣʱЦ۵Ļֻܿľ룬㷢˵ˣҲӲˡ
ľ룬εǿ˵գ֮ѣѲˡ
ֻҪεǿߣǻбİաҶǳ˵
ĽԺɨϾܹӵеεľ
ֻشûһɱ
ô̵ľڣƴ˾ɱ
ߣСĵ㣬ϣãҵʥϡҶǳ˵գ֮ȥ
ôƬҪҵʥϺѰЦ
棬ǸϹûʲôҪҵʥϣȻѡ
Ϊѣʥϣ׵ĻʥͱˡҶǳЦ
˵Ҳԣ˵ͷ
ʥڵĵطԽΣգԽȡãŻСЩȡʥϵĵطѾ˹ˡ
ڴ˵أҲЩܲҵʥϣȫ
˵գҶǳЦСӵһܺã
ܿҶǳҡҡͷ˵̫Σգ⿿ú²ҵʥϣ
ô죿̫࣬Ҹط֪ôҡЦ
ɣԽԽΣգԽмʳʥϡҶǳ̾˿ҲûʲôƲߡ
漴֮ǳΣգǸոյִ˵أΣ
ˡ
ľ޴󶾷䲻֪Ӽĵط֣˲ͰǸΧˡ
ЩÿһֻһȥкüֻһͷƤ顣
СӣĽ

ô඾һɱ֧ŲƬ̣ᱻԵĸɸɾ
ʵͬѣЩֵʱҶǳѾͷųĽ
䡭
ĽҶǳΪģ˷ȥ
ʱЩһʧȥϢ
صĶʬ壬˿漴˷ܵҿľ˵ΣĻμˡ
ɲô඾䣬ܹ⣬ˣ
ףôһֻ䣿Ȼ񿴵һֻСĶ䳯Զߡ
ѵжԵֵҶǳĽ
òܡ
ҶǳԱߺȵȥϳ
ȻֻŹġ
ʲôоԼǲˣҶǳҪȥЩϳ
һγ򶾷䣬ôϳжٶ䣿ʮ򣿼򣿻Ǽǧ
Ҫǣ᲻ж
ǿǿڣڿԿġ
СӲڿЦɣ˵
ҶǳЦûϳɽ䣬ϲһЩϡн˵ʥϡ
ףɽ䣬ղ̫ˣûϳǰߵֻ䣬ʱȻ
Ҷǳ˵ɽ乥ǳǿܹһΧΣաһȱ㡣
Ҳ֪ȱ㣬ЦձľεɽľֻеڶΣɽ䣬ľҲֻеĲζѡ
ԣϳҲܹɱҶǳŵ
ֻҪǴﵽεľɱ¶ԷĹҲֻ·һ
ߣϣһܹҵʥϡʱ˷
һҵʥϣҶǳܽʱҶǳĽ˵Խɱˡ
ɽϲϡн࣬Ƭ֮϶ǰʥϣôпܾǵϳ
ҶǳԴЩġ
Щɽ࣬һȥϳҲ·һ
ԣϳкܴʻʥϡ
һҪУҪ硣Ҷǳйâ˸մӻǿչ·һ̤Ǵ磬Ҳż
Ͼǻǿչ·һˣô
ܲġ
ˡ
ǰɽӣҲ˺ٵ࣬£ȻȥϳǾֻ·һ
Ͼǵ

ͬʱڲǵĴ㳡ϣһ޴Ĵ֮ıһɹǿϢ
䡭
ЩϢֲ̫ˣÿһֱ˺Ѳ񷣬ڲϿպƵš
ǵĳӱչ֮оѣһɨʱ𾪵ôôҵĲǣ
ЩģæĺӲؽ衣
ؽ裬ʲô飿ΪôͻȻʵ
ؽæףǰǲ⣬ʥĶĿɱˣѾ֮ʥѾͨЩʥŵˣǸʥŹϵΪͶ
Ķӱɱˣʲôô󵨣ȵ
ǷǳֻĿһӣҪʥŵģˣжô
ֽҶǳ
ؽ˵йעһεĻǿչ·ҶǳǴӻǿչ·ģ츳ܸߣջľΪɲ⣬鹥˲ɱĿġ
˻һ𾪵ܹ˲ɱĿĿľǵĲ۷壬ܹɱҶǳľѾӽ۷ˡ
԰
ȻӦɻȻǴӻǿչ·ģ츳ôߣӦͱЩ˲Ŷԣʥŵͨ
ף֪Ȼ츳ߵȴǴ˵еռ֮ע޷ʥЩ̶ˡؽҡͷ
ռ֮ĬƬ̣漴̾Ϣ츳ϧ츳ͷȻ˴˵ǿ֮ǳҲ츳Ҳ츳
ǰǿϧˣȻ츳ܹΪ񡣡ؽҲеϧ
ؽ裬ʵȻ鷢ǲ⣬Ӧв룬ʲôģ
ؽ˵ڳսģǲûһϵҶǳɱĿ֮Сʥţǽ¸Ե
Ե˵ͷЦ˵㴦ĺܺãȻܳʥδزܳΪûҪ


1320 ʥ
Ƿǳ֣һһӴ߳ûԼΪһǿϢֱòе߶ѡ
ĿıʥһȺˡ
ߣȥ֮ɱҶǳʥŵĲһɫۣңͬһ貶ĿǳźͰ
Ҷǳעҵʥŵʥ֮λҲעҵġһۣƲһȺˣǴ
ڣʥʥ֮λ
ԶһӰһɫۣ˶˺ڰ֮Уֲƴⷽضڲ
̧ͷһͷĹŭ

ɽ
ͱ⿴ˣһء
ʥʸʥ֮λıֻˣͱⶼСڣɽȴȴѾﵽС۷塣
ְ
ݺӴ߳ʥŵλЦ˵λαھ棿ҵҶǳҲ٣ٵȥᱻ֮еħɱ
Ƚ֮ҵҶǳ˵Ҳһ
ݺ۾һУƣ㵽ô£ôСˣɱʮ
ߣⲻ£ߵ
׼Ҷǳ鹥ܹ˵˵ΪҪҶǳشЩʱͿ֮
СӵҲܣǼԲһҵģҵĳʥԵ
йâ˸
һȺ˴˿뿪ǣ֮
һ֮ǾͷɢˣΪ̫֮ˣǾۼһҵҶǳֻзֿܸҵҶǳ
ң֮УҲаԱ

֮һͨ޷һѴ˺ɽ϶飬ͷƤˡ
ɽȫɽϳЩɽɽ䡣
ԶĴɽ𺳣һͷƤ顣
ɽ䰡ٶΣлΣжôֲ
ֱһء
ֻ·һ
Сӣа𣿡̲סҶǳȻ֪ҶǳĽִɽϳЩ
ΪһҶǳ޷ԸЩɽ䣬ôǾҪΪЩɽĿˡ
ˡ
ǰĴɽѾʼ̶ؿЩɽ棬ɳһֻֻɽ䡣
ѹѹһƬһƣգƺƵû
ҶСӡ񾪽еˡ
İɣҶǳ΢΢һЦľһ̳ױˣεľһƬ嫺ޱ޼ʡ
Ƭĺ֮Уʼ۳һĽڱĽҶǳĲٿ£ǰɽȺȥ
Աߵеһ󵨺ȻĽҲӦĽʱ˿̣ȴܵâȫ¶ڷ䣬ƱһƬ궴
ʵϣĽûʲô𣬱鲼գǰϮɽȺȫסˡ
εĲ֮ϯ
һֻֻɽʧȥϢʼͬ˴һ
ֻɽ䣬ûһֻԵֵĽĹȫݻ꣬׹ڵϡ
찡Ƿֻ񾪺
ֻǿɽ䣬ǿߣĽĹ֮С
ֻԭǿκһɱҶǳ񣬵ȴĺԩ
Ƕûü֣ͱĽɱˡ
ľ̫ˣ޷е⡣Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴ǰȥ
߰ɣǶѾˡ
Ҷǳ˵
СĽ䳲治ỹаɣ
ûˣϢʧˣڰȫˡҶǳҡҡͷ
ֻɽʬ壬ɵø̾Щɽʬ壬ͼֵްЩɽϲϡнǵҲǳӲֻ壬ֱ
ɣԺȥҶǳ˵㳯ǰĴɽȥѾȲҪҵʥϡ
Щɽʬ壬ȻҲ󣬵ʥϱǲ̫Զˡ
ҶǳֻҵʥϣȻе
ҾͲˣ
Цһ˫ֻӶϵɽʬսԼĵ档
ûҶǳУЩɽʬ壬ˡ
ֻʬ壬Ϊ
һҽԴѾˣֻҪɡɵЦݡ
Ƭ̺˫˫䳲䳲ɽͨ˴˴
Ҷǳֱ룬ִ䳲ĺġ
һǱܵһƬӿ
ʲôһڹײģȻɴ۾ָǰ治Զļ̨ϣڷһڹײġ
ڹײķǳҫ۶ĿɢŴĿĽ⣬̫һҡ
ҶǳƬ̣ü˭ԼңЩɽûг𣿡
ҶСӣڹײĵĲЩ⣬ϳ𣿡ȻϬǰĹײġ
ҶǳٶȴǰĹײģȻͫһ𾪵òǴ˵еʥ𣿡
Ӧþʥ𣬶еľ𡣡
˵ͷ漴ҶǳһСڿԽˣʥʥеĶϣʼӲޱȣֻ񼶲ϲƺ⡣
ҶǳҲܼûϸǰ̵̨ķģų̈ЩŹ֣ҸоﲻĹأ
ǸʲôģϽȡľСӽҪġߴٵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷץסײİ壬Ц˵һײİ壬㹻ҼˣʣµĲϿţԺʥá
ٺ٣һڴһЦݣʥǿĿꡣ
ֻгʥվڻ½۷塣
䡭
Ҷǳץȡײİ壬ȴһҧȴ޷ײİ塣
СǲûԷһϷŰشȤ漴Լǰ׼ƿײİ塣
ɣ
һߵСӵĽȻվǴǿ
䣡
ͻȻǺΪƴȴ޷ƿײİ塣
ҶǳЦôǲҲûԷ
һ죬漴ֵײİ͹ײΪһ壬Ʋֻܽиˡ
ûԿɣﲻƣӦÿԡҶǳ̧ƣһɻ۵񽣶ʱγɣţǰĹײȥ
ϣ
һĴ̶
Ҷǳֹײİֻһǳǳĺۼ
һʱҡͷеˣ
ۼҶǳƵܾãײİ塣


1321 ʥ
ɣеʱ䡣ҶǳЦ˵
˿̣ʥǰҲܲһҲż
ָտɴ
Ҷǳоһжˡ
ֵɣҾ
óʼ
ҲҪʵˣΪһҶǳ磬ʵԽܶࡣ
ٲʵǾҪΪҶǳˡ
ɲԸΪۡ
ϣ
Ҷǳײİ壬Ĵ̶ϵڷ䳲ڻصš
ҲʶȻǵ߻ħɡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶǳоֱ۶ľˣڽعײİڵϣĴضڲ
ɴ˿ɼعײİжء
ţɹ𣿡ӱչ֮۾ϵİعײİ壬ʱЦˡ
ƣײŵʲô漴Źײȥ
ȴûע⵽¼̨ϵķģѾˡ
һ⣬𽥴Ӽ̳ϯͬɫ棬Ҷǳ˰Χ
Ҷǳɫһ䡣

Ȼҽһ˶ɳȥѪ
ҶǳæƳȥסʵô£㿴ʲô
йŵ˺ֲܿҸղܵ鹥ˡ񾪲
鹥Ҷǳһʱط̨Źײ濴ȥ
ľڵΣʲô鹥Ͼ˭鹥
ҶǳŹײȥΪиعײİ壬պֻײ˵ϰ
һͷɢߣͷ׷֩һңɫȴ󣬺ȳƣ·˯
䡭
ҶǳоԼһǿ鹥ϮЩȡ
ⲻ鹥ֻľ̫ǿˣұľٴﵽ˵Σòһʥ˰ɣ
Ҷǳ
ʥˣԶЩţȻڹײ
𣿡̲סʵ;Լǰ׳գˣǸղŵ鹥ʲô
û
ȻҶǳҡҡͷɫصλǰš
˵꣬æŹײĹ񣬽ŵǰ֪ǰ棬ʲô֮ǰˡ
˼ڹײúõģȴ˼ҹײİиˡ
Ҷǳã˸ôһ˴ж˿顣
ԣԼƣҶǳ˿̺
鹥ҲֻܶԸһʥˣǼֱ
ʥ˹һɱ
̫ˡ
Сӣҿ˯ǸϽ߰ɡԶ
䣡ڴʱʥĹײĶʱһ漴ֱӷ˳ȥѹ
ʲôŵ۾Ӷɳˣæӣǣǰӣȴˡ
Ҷǳͫһ𾪵ǿռ֮ﵽԲ磬ڵĿռ䱻λǰˣ㲻ӵߣϽǰǸ
ǰʥүүĴ˲С˹ͷΰɡɥǳױסˣΪǹײԽԽ
ײλʥ˵ףȻԷû۾ȴоԷڶԼ
ǰæǸͲˣеͷ
䣡
ʥײֱıϣѹ嶼·һ磬ʵ̫ˡ
ʥүүеоͷƤһ飬ܾλǰڶԼĺס
Ҷǳ˿λǰֻҪѵһ񣬷ͱɱˡ
£ҶǳҲͰˣϵİعײİ壬񱳸ŵĹײģɵʵǰȻعײİѾˣ͸ɣǰͬͬĻͰѹſ¡
Բۣ춼ˣҶǳŭСӣ˵ʲô£ײİиģҪ˵ҲǰƾʲôҪң
û²꣬оϵĹײİ嶸Ȼֱ࣬Ӱѹſڵϡ
Ҷǳ״ûеģЦлǰлǰ
˵꣬һֻؿſڵϵЦ֮ǰǲ֪֪ǰڣȻǸҪߣҲǰᷣ㡣
СӺݡҶǳһȻ
ˣſţԼĴˡ
Ҷǳ˰֣ȻȻĿУֱϥڼ̨ϣʼ
䣡
һ貵ĽҶǳ棬һȵﾹȻͨ飬ңѹǰײķҪ߲Σ
ʱ˿̣Ҷǳоޱ޼ʣŨµӵص״
һذ
Ҷǳʱϲɫҽ׺ܶ࣬Լˡ
˵꣬߶𣬿ʼڻʥ
ʥӲޱȣŻҶǳ޷
ɴ˿ɼռ֮ˣжôѣõʥϣûлҲֻܸɵۿţʥ˳С
ľҶǳǰһһڻʥ𣬰뵽ʥеľ𣬱ҵĻƣڻ׺ܶࡣ
ʱţľڻٶԽԽ죬ӹײİһŽɫҺ壬ڰš
һѽ
Ҷǳ߽ģȻҪԼɽŸܹӳռ
ţ
ȻҶǳüͷǰ۳ɽ״ĽɫҺ壬ɫʱ
ô£СӣӳⰡҲڹ۲죬Ҳ⣬ɵ˵
Ҷǳ⵹ûʲô⣬Ҹо·𻹲ʲôһӣʱֻܴһ̥޷档
ʲôһ㶣˼Ƭ̣ͻȻɴ۾𾪵ỹʥɣߵռ֮òҪ۳ɡ

ҶǳɫһҲ𾪵ѵҪҼʥеʥ𣬽ں𣿡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ҷǳɫʱࡣ
ʥʥıˣҪʥŴѶȶ˶١
̬Ǳ̬ռֱ֮ǱүʼɣҸоǰ·ãѾǼˡ̾Ϣ
ҶǳĬƬ̣漴ҧһһԺԺ˵
˵꣬۽̥
ڻİ֮Уһ̥γɣȻûп棬ȴѾâ
һ֮Χɽ嶼иķ顣
̲סֲ̾²ѷɫܹʥ𣬿ܳΪʥеĶˡ
䣡
һɺƴƥĽͻȻҶǳϱǰĽ̥֮йռ̥׳Ϊһ֡


1322 
̥ͨɫɫĻ棬ϲķģ˸貵⣬һռתƥĽ⣬ƬŰ
䣡
ڽ̥ɹһ̣пֲĽ˺Ѳ񷣬ᴩգ
ɽ嶼ˣ䳲Ҳݣɽʯ׹·ض
СӣҪ𣿡˿Ѿȥ
ʥĹײģɽıϣһɽоԼ˫ͬǦˮһޱȡ
ʥүүһȻҪˡæ˵
Ǹ˵꣬;Լ׳ˣ˼ڹײ棬ʲô
û׼˼ҾϲأϾײĶ˼ҵȤá
ף
֮ʱȻֱϵĹײļ࣬˷æллʥүү
ȻϱŹײķɳɽ
䣡
ֲĽ𣬺Ƶ״ݻɽ
Ҷǳûˡ
ҶǳǰĽ̥ȴɢһɫĹ֣У赲ɽʯ׹䡣
ǽ̥ɹ塣
ڼɹҵľҲˡ
Ҷǳҵ⡣
ûƣľͻƿ̤һµĲΣ硣
¡¡
ɽʯ顣
пֲϢҶǳϱӵ˷Χһ塣
ҶǳĻ۱Ϳֲһνʵһӱ౶
ң֮ǰṳ̂ʱõռ֮
˿̣Ҷǳһ磬ʹС籩˴硣
ĸۣҶǳڵͻơ
أ
޴ɽȻըɽʯգڿ֮ĦȵĻ棬ͷų貵Ļ⡣
һӰ¶ǰƯһ̥ɢŴ۵Ľɫԡ
¡¡
ֲϢϵشӰͷų
ΧնŤˣƳܲס̺
ҶС̤ˣһǴͬǴɱǿˣǿֲԶŹײĸ̾
ûдҶǳΪ֪Ҷǳڸ硣
˵֮ÿһ磬õӴĸԼεԾǨ
ʱ˿̣ҶǳоԼõһνʶһΡ
ָоƵսսһһһӴӷ˱顣
ңҶǳԺУǿ걦ʯͷųĹâԽԽңľõܴ
걦ʯһȥȫҵľ¾㲻̤߲ΣҲﵽ۷塣
Ҷǳ뵽
漴۾ǰĽ̥Ǳߡ
ҶСӣϲˣЦҶǳνʵҲǳˣϾһҶǳ߾аȫˡ
Ļʣ֪˭ץȡˡ
ˣ
Ҷǳпص˵ͷ漴ֿЦ˵ðõʥϣҪǾҪ񼶵Ĳˡ
Ҳһ꣬ʥȻϡ٣һЩءյػмҵõ
񼶵ĲϣǾ̫ϡˣֻһЩ̲ŻӵС
ǣЩôܻὫҶǳ
˵Ǹ
Ҷǳľ˵߲ΣҲֻܺɨսǿʥˡ
Щڣ֪жˣǰ벽񼶵ǿߡ
ԣҶǳҪڡ
һһɣСڻʱÿЩ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ֪˵ʲôռʥ𣬼
⣬ҪҪС
Ҷǳڲǿռ֮Ƚռ֮Բ磬Ҫʱ֮ˡ
ʱռʱںϣʱմ
һʸ̤硣
Ҷǳе⣬ߵռ֮ʱҪĴԼռ֮Уɳɾ
ҵ·ԶءҶǳпЦ
ȻôףҪѺܳʱȥŬˡ
߰ɣǸ뿪˵ˡҶǳ漴˵
ҶСӣôߣҶǳȻָŵĹײġ
һײĳȥôһ·ϵ˶Ц
˵һʥˣһʥˣ֪ǵѣ
춼ĵ
ǰλѾʶԼĴˣǰ̧֡Ҷǳ񱳺ĹײĹ
ǰǰĸܵĴ֣ں֣ϣǰ˼ҷģΰɡҲæǸ̬ȱ˵жˣиġ
Ȼûʲôã񱳺Ĺײľĵģһ㶯ûС
Ҳ˵ûԼĹײûһˣȻѹĺϣƮƮģоһ˿
ҶСӣλǰˡоᣬҶǳ֪һС
ҶǳҲһҲ֪ô죬Ͼһʥˣѵܹǿ
ǹƶԷһˡ
գҶǳ̾˿ȱŰɣǰãͻ㡣
˵Сӣ㻹ûģֲ㱳ţ㵱Ȼ˵ɣʥ˰ѱ鲻ãҾˡ
ҶǳЦҪõķȥ룬λǰڣԺ˭ҶԸ㣿㣬ֱӱҲҶ֣ҪǸҶ֣ǹƾˣĻ
ףأôû뵽۾һǰ˭Ҷʥ˶֣ǲϵ
ҡͷǺãϾİˣ˭֪ǵѣһ쿴Ҳ˳ۣأ֮ʵڲˣ
ˣſأʥֻһֻϣ˼ôܻԸ㣿Լ߿ˡҶǳο
ɫƵؿҶǳ⻰ôôҺôҲһ˫ôˣ
У㲻ϣǾ콾λǰǿ츳˰ɡҶǳ
ҡͷǻ˰ɣϾϰɣϣǰãֻϴߡ
Ҷǳ
һ·֮ȥ
·ϣȻСӣͻȻ㱳ˡ
ôͷˣҶǳƲ
޵ҧгݵСӰ˼ҵĹײİи˰飬˼ȻҪˣҵʱùȻһȥǰһۣǰ϶иĹײİ壬㱳ˡ
ҶǳЦõˡ
УҵøǰǰǰĹײ¶顣
ݣ
Ҷǳֱ뿪
λǰ֪֮תѹϣǾͱˡ
Сӣܣޣæ׷ȥ


1323 ӭս
գҶǳǰ׵ˣλǰ֪֮ѹıϣƲѡ
뿪㣬ǿ飬ȻܷǾͺúܰɡҶǳο

˭
תͷŭҶǳСӹ
ҶǳɫؿѵղǾ仰˵ġ
ţȻתʱʮ̤նΪ׵һһɫۣɢſֲϢļ¡

ͫһ
߲ƣҶǳ˵
ΪЩ˵Ŀ֮жɱ⣬ΣͬˮһɱӿΧ¶ȶֱ
ûСӾҶǳԱߵ˽һ˫񡣡
һΪ׵˵
۾һУ漴ЦҶǳҵˣʥʥ֮λҲˡ
ʥţ
Ҷǳһۣ˶ʱˣʥǱ
ҲϾҶǳ˵ĿʥĶӣԷŹ֡
ֻû뵽Էô죬֮Ѱǡ
ҿ磬ȻǾˡҶǳ뵽
Ҳļ²ѣǴ˿Ҷǳṳ̂磬ôһˡ
֮ڣӶӲ
䣡
ڴʱһǿϢӲԶٽӽ
ҲһȺˣΪ׵Ҳһ
ҵ㻹ǹɡһڴҶǳ
ű⣬ߵ⣬û뵽ô죬ȷֵģעҵ
УҵҸǳǿơ
ôңҲǿơ
ִҶǳΪǿҶǳҲֻһܹɱͲˣôܴù
˵Դ󡣡һˬ
ҶǳҲܲˬΪ˰
ҶСӣְɣѵ
ţԼСġҶǳ˵ͷ漴߶Ľڳɱȥ
ʥŵˣҪһûзŹ
ݡ
ĽӰΣڳĶǸ֣ĶǴȻӦڤڤ֮еΣ
ã鹥˵Сӵ鹥ǿĿǱ鹥ɱġ
˴
ЩˣĿֵסҶǳ鹥ȻҲֵס
ͱλһ򶨡
İɣֻҪˣ鹥ͻɢҶǳĿڿһˡ
δ䣬Ѿ̧֣ƱץҶǳֲգͬһŴ׹Ҷǳ档
˵ˣҵҲץҶǳ
Ҷǳ۾է䣬ͺȵҵȥɡ
䣡
ҶǳΪģ˷ϯȥλĹɡ
ʲô
ôܣ
ͱⶼܵԼĹˣЩţǵɴ۾
֪Ͼ˭֪
ǣҶǳŽǴôܻǿ򣬰ʵˡ
ǿҶǳó̥֮󣬶ʱˡ
̥һǳǿҶǳѾ̤硣
ȻΪˣôҶǳҲǿˣܰʵˡ
ռ
ҶǳӶ̥߶Լһ貵Ľ⼤̵ֲռĩռĿϢ
bb
̥˸貣ƥĽ˺Ѳ񷣬
ҶǳһӳȥͱλĹķ籩֮С
䣡
ױ
ҶǳæˣǰסըĳҲ˼Ѫûˡ
Ĳͱ⣬ֱ۾ŵؿҶǳ
㾹ȻסǵĹ
ôܣ㱻ɣҲĹʹ۷ǿˣҲֻ·һ
ͱ𾪲ѡ

ҽӺ洫
ͱȻûɱҶǳôĽûʧǴЩȫĽɱ
һ߾ߴʬ壬ʱ׹
ͱɫ䣬漴ǻȻҶǳ˵Ŀ˷ڵɱ⡣
ɱǣˣ
֣СӣȻǴһ˭Ӯʬ˭ġ
ͱ˿ڴЭ飬ɱҶǳǿϢǵһϯⷽضˡ
ǳǽһԲ磬˵Ǿǿ
Ҳȥɣ
ҶǳɱЩ֮󣬱е֮۳Ľɱͱ⡣
ۣ
ȿȣ
ĽĹٶȺܿ죬һʱͽͱش˴Ѫ뵹ɳȥ
ǴĹҲҶǳˡ
ҶǳٴεǰܵըķôѪ
Сû°ɣһǣͬʱ˵ɣǰ
ҶǳҡͷǰǵĵƣܲʱͲҪãֻܵһƤˣ걻ش˱Ҹء
ʵǲùײֵһٶŭеʥˣǾˡ
ңƾ轣̥ټԵסСĹˡ
٣Գϲʱ䡣
Ҷǳܹ֧ţĲͱľˡ
Сӵ鹥ôôǿĵ׾ѡ
𺳵ľﵽ˵Σֱܣûܹӵ˿ֲľʥ˲ӵеľ
ˣûнʱɱĿҿڴӵ˿ֲľˡҲ𺳡
ˡ
ûԷô㹥ĹҿԳסСʱ
ҶǳЦŴȤ
ͬʱٴĽɱ뱱⡣
ɱˡһӳԼǿĹ˫ζ˫֮ųֲһĿĽʱ¶Ҷǳ
Сӣҵ

ԭһΣǿ
㲻ɣҶǳչռͬʱ̥ý̥׼Ԧռӭȥ
䣡
ֲıը
һɹɿµ˷ϯȥƽеľκˣƺƵڡ
ڽ֮УҶǳĽ̥ȫ·磬ס˲Ϸ硣
ʲô
ɴ۾š
һȻסһռϷ磬ڿЦ
ۣ
𾪶ãĽѾٶȴ壬ش꣬ѪɫҰס


1324 ׷
СӵȻôǿһߣҲˣҲæ߶ԼҶǳ
лҶǳĽֲ̥ܽնˣನƵʮ
Ȼʹ֣ҲɱҶǳĽ̥סˡ
ǽɫĽ̥ɨȥĽâƱһ㣬ϵسֱ
ۣ
ⱻĽشѪɣ۾ȴҶǳͷϿա
չֳܣȴɫĽ̥ѹˡ
ò˵̥̫ӲˣֵĹȻû˿ļ󣬷ĳѺۡ
ôܣ
ܣ
ͱ⿴һĻֱš
ǵȻһ˵ˡ
ǲͨĲϱĲϻҪáɫ
۾Ȼͫһ𾪵ʥеľǴ˵еʥʥеĶϡ
ȻǴҲ𾪲ѡ
˴˿̻ȻѹҶǳȻôʥϴȫˣѹ
ңҶǳĳɳܳɳΪʥǲĿֲ
ˣСߵռ֮ûʥϣǲ̤ġŷӦ
˫ȣŽ̥ܹõ̥ҲͲȱʥˡ
ңСӵ̥ƶܺʹˡ
ҵģҲĶˣȼֲϢҶǳɱȥ
˺ͽ̥ҶҪˡܰԵ˵ͬʱҲȼɱҶǳ
ҶСӡ
ϢĸоΪλȼ󱬷Ϣֲ̫ˣѹЩŲסˡ
ҲŲסˣ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬漴͵ӳһӭűͲȥڵִǸǰʱͻȻԱˡ
һԱǳֲǰһƬռ䶼ըˡ
ͱ˱ɱըݺݵغɳȥ˿ѪɫҰס
ĽٶɱǻѪɡ
СôǵѪҺ𾪡
ǿһҪɱһܹãֱ
ˣʥ֮λˣ˳
ϵˣαش꣬ղֱһըˣѾûȼˣȥ»ᱻҶǳĽɱ
Ȼһˣֱǳ裡ƲȲԹصһҶǳҲˡ
ɱ
Ҷǳٴ۳Ľɱȥ
ۣ
֮УͱѪǲͣѸȥ
֮ڣҶǳҲҲǵ٣ֻܷ׷ɱˡ
ϧˣվɱǡҶǳҡͷ
ȴ˵ֻ֣һ˵Ļͱɱˡ
ɱˣҶǳҡͷ֮磬ֻҪһˣڣҸҲǡĻҵ֮̽㹻ԶǾӲ
ǾͿ뿪֮ɣȻʥŵ׷ɱˣҹ滹в㡣˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲˣֻСǿߣаտ⣬С۷壬Ǵˡ
֮ӶӲ
˲ͣæ뿪֮
֮վܴ󣬽ǲûˣһ·뿪֮
ָ̤֮вǱм˿ǣѾ򿪻紫Ϣˡ
ߣ
Ҷǳһ֪Щ˲⣬ʩչĽЩǱɱˡ
ô£񿴵ҶǳͻȻ֣Щɻ
ҶǳЦǱ˲ƶʥŵģһǳϾʹϢ
ȥʵȻǵѾ¶ˣôԶĲҲˡ
ȥǣҶǳ۾˵
һ㶣æѾ¶ȥǣⲻͶ𣿷ģǳҶֵģȻԺ˭ĲǣǽòǵĴ뿪ȻôУٶȱȲܿͻᱻ׷ϡ
ɻߴҲӲһԳ׷Ҫ֪󣬻ºۼȫ֪ȥ
ǾǸˣһǲҸҶǳЦ
ðɣСӵġҶǳʲôƻ
˵ǰǣڽǵ˲䣬һǿɨ
ҶǳʱһǿԿģӦþǲǵĳ
λСѣʥŵ׷ǣаݺƣǻǸϽǡ
һϵǶ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴Ҷǳæлָ㣡
λڶͷ⡣Ц
ҶǳҲЦûгԹûҪǣˣŻþá
˵ֱ꣬ǰ㳡뿪
¶ɻ֮ɫ
ףôԱߵĲؽʵ
ЦѾˣߴӲԶġ
ߴºۼǴ͵ᱻֵġؽҡͷ
̾Ϳǵ컯ˣ
ʱһɹǿϢҲ˲ڣʥŵ׷ɱҶǳ
Щ˵֪Ϣ뿪֮һ·׷
ٶȾǿ죬ҲҿҶǳߴ󣬲ȻǸӲ˶Զͻᱻ׷ˡ
ԭˣӦڵʱҶǳΪҪߴ
һԵĲؽҲӦһɹǿϢҡͷСˣܲˡ

ĳǳأҶǳոյִ뿪
ÿִһǳأ̳뿪
ҶСӣҪĹǵĵ𣿡ЦõҪ֪ѾķǧˣҲ֪˶ǳء
ҶǳɹȻЩǵĵ٣ܺĹǣ˵ǿʱȻҪǣҲûôɵأҪء
Ҫȥʵ
˵֮䣬ִ˼ǳˣ򿪻еĵͼһǶѾִϷıԵˡ
Ǵ˵أ
ҶǳָŵͼеһλãЦ˵ʥ棬ʥ˽أ֣ʥµ߽У˿⣬ʥ˽ȥضγǿѹơ
ʱ˵ΪᱻѹƵ˵硣ˣûʥ˸ҽУһЩʥµȥǷֻһƬ棬û˿ֵ
֮ɻ˵ʲôûʥ׷ɱǣȥʲôףԡ
Ȼ뵽ʲô͵һģĹײģʱ۾һˣҪǰݣʥˣһǸʥ棬ʱ˵ΪѹƵ˵硣
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ɱҪɱ


1325 в
½̫ӴˣеĴ½Ǵӻԭ½һƬ
ˣ½кܶصĵط֮ʥ֮һ
ʥû˷ʲôֵһЩȥֻз棬ʲôмֵƷûС
Ȼʥ˽ȥƬؾͻγǿѹƣʱὫȫѹƵ硣
ö֮Ҳͳû˵ء
ֻǽ죬Ҷǳ˫˫˵һ˿
ǰξͿˡһߵһ߸Ҷǳʥ档
ʥĵǻҺɫģƱѪһһֺžԶϢ
µսҶǳ̤ŵ棬Ϣƺ׽һЩʲô
һԵЦ˵ǻ½ǻ½һƬ̫֮ǰħֻ磬½ˣսҲ
Ҷǳ̾ħ֣ǿǻʷµս˵㱻ˣǵҲûˡ
½ˣһսȻܲңһصǸһ۵ľɡ˵
ҶǳЦʵǸͱħɱˡ
Сӹ²Ҷǳһۡ
䣡
Ȼʥضһ
һ̣Ҷǳɫһ䣬ǶԼΪ͵˵硣
һĵطпͬʱ˷ǵ磬Сӵ򲻱䣬㻹ĽˣҲ
Ҷǳ۾鲻ϵ̽ѰΧȻ˵ôоﲻҪרѹҵȣͷųʵһˡ
ʲô˼Ȼ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵Ҹо֮ǰֻǽʥı棬ڣǲʥ档
С˵ԽԽˡȤ
ˣȻҶǳתͷʥ֮⣬һǿӰ
вͱ⣬аݺƣʣµһЩҶǳͲʶˡ
ݺᣡƣҶǳɱضеİݺơ
û뵽ϼһҲˡзߺ޲ѡ
ʥ⣬ݺͣŽǰҶǳǶԵ
Сӣܹڣʥţ·ӡݺЦ
Ҷǳҧţձؽ塣
ϧˡݺ᲻мغߵ
һԵƽҶǳгɱҶǳɱʮҪҡ
Сӣ鹥ǿҲɱҵȣôˡɭЦ
˵Ҫһأһ֣˭ɱ˭
û⣡˵ͷ
漴˶ɽ
ɽ촽ԶҶǳСӣҸһᣬɱұ֤ʹ졣
ݺһԿϷ֪Ҷǳ鹥ֲ֮ҲһֻϣҶǳǱ˭ɱģ⡣
üͷҲҶǳҶǳҪˡ
ұɱȻʬ磬ȡٽʬ彻ʥšмƻš
ЩѾҶǳϵ⣬󣬸ûҶǳ
Ͼڳ߰λС۷ĶкüλȻһСС
Ҷǳ鹥ǿֲɱǣôıҶǳ
ǺǣҶСӣЩһ㿴ˡЦ
Ҷǳߵǿޡ
˵꣬ʥȥ
׷ȵ
ݺЦʱˣҪӣˣ
Щû˿ԥ׷׳ʥ֮Уǲǲ֪ǰʥ棬ǲ⡣
ϾǶڻ½£֪ʥ
Ȼʥѹ˵Ϊʥ˵£ǣڿû˵ʥ˽ʥ档
ңѾûʥٽʥ档
ϾʥҲŰûܵѹΪʲô岻˹
Ȼǽʥ֮һɫ䡣
ҵΪѹˡ
ôܣʥˣ
ãʥˣǱˡ
ˡ

ݺǾֲѡ
ЩʵһӱѹƵ˵磬˵ɫˣֻǵȫ
Ǿ֣ǲţôܻʥˣ
֮ǰûյκϢ
ӣӣƴҲˣǶ֪ҶǳĿֲ츳ͬ磬Ҷǳ
οҶǳпֲ鹥ȻһɱǶΣҲ
ӣӵ𣿡ҶǳһɱԶսЩ˽Ҷǳһ˾͹ˡ
¡¡
ҶǳδֲѾһӶЩסˡ
ЩΪʵǿԽٶȺܿ죬һӾͿԽ˺ܴһƬ롣
ǣҪӳȥȴԼٶȼˣΪ˿ǵΪѾ䵽˵磬ٶȻˡ
ԣûӳʥ棬ҶǳѾǸˡ
֮Уǵʵ߰˳ɣٶҲһҲӳʥ档

Ҷǳ㲻ɱңʥŵˡ

ЩǿҶǳȫɫҰһƬĿֲ
û뵽ͬ£ǵʵȻô࣬ѹִ˿һ·޵дǿչ·
ߵռ֮Щ̶
ǸղŲǽеĺܻ𣿡
ҶǳһٶȣЩˣЩ˸е־塣
Ƕǻ½һԽǾߵˣԽ
ΪԪŹǰ;
Ҷǳ˰ﳤպͷ𣿵ǿǸ飬֪Ҵˣ㿴ǵϣһΡݺϿҵ˵
ҶǳЦǣѾ̫𣿷ģҲǰ壬ֻɱ㣬ԼκθҷﳤյˣˣֻҪǽܰﳤյͳΣҾͷŹǡ
ǰﳤյĸףɱңﳤջһӡݺŭ
ҶǳЦǺͰﳤһ߳չ·˵λûʲô飬Ͼûг뿪ˡ
㡭ݺָҶǳŭ
ȥɣҶǳʩչĽشݺᣬ漴ӼеĽ̥ʱݺĲնϡ
һԵŵ־壬æ˵ҶǳŹҰɣҷģҲ㱨ˡ
Ǻǣ㲻ұһҪ㱨ءҶǳЦɱҲɱ
ʣµһƴӡ
ϧǵٶ̫ˡ


1326 նɱ
ݺᡢƽɱŵʣµļλһƴӣʼȼˡ
˿ȴ˵һ϶˻̿
ˣһӲҶǳ˵ЩɱģȻ顣
ݣ
̥貵âһâ˺գźƴƥܣնǰ
ۣ
һλشţֲ鹥ˣĽ١
ʬص׹ڵϡ
һҶǳ֪֣ȻɱǾ׼ñɱľ
ҶǳɱǣʥŲŹġҶǳŭ
ҲвѾɱĿɱǣʥŽˡ
ҶǳֻҪңҿԸ֪ʥţ˵Ѿɱ㣬ֻʬ屻ݻˣԺֻҪͲܵʥŵ׷ɱɽ˵
Ҷǳɨǣ˵Ǹһ㣡
ţ
ɽ¶ɻ֮ɫ
Ҷǳ˵ʥŵңҲҪʥǷŹңΪҲŹʥš
ɽԣʱͫһ
Ҷǳһʥսôң
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣտʥɱǣ㲻ʼմʥ֮УλʥǰҲʼմʥŭȵ
ڶ֪λʥ˾ͱ
Ҷǳ俴һ̶ۣ˵ȻеôǾն㣡
˵꣬Ӷ̥ɱ򱱹⡣
ͫһ̶ŭɱңǾһɣ
䡭
һ촫
һֲ̣ıըûˡ
⣬ȻѡԱ
ҶǳҲû뵽һԱһʱûж㿪ըѪɡ
ҲܣԱشˡ
ǹ˲⣬һʥȥ
ҪҶǳ֮ʣӳʥ档
ֻҪӳʥ棬ǵʵָܻʱͲҶǳˡ
Ҷǳӳʥ棬ڣŭ
ɽҲɱ⣺ҾͲһֱʥ棬λʥǰҲһֱʥ棬λǰˣҪܣá
ҲţҪҶǳҡ
Ȼڴʱ˶һŴѪ
鹥


ˣҶǳȻûĽȴѾɱˡ
ҪӣΣҶǳЦͷųĽɱǼ֮ܵУٶȱѲĽĹ
ش֮£ǼٶȾ͸ˣٶȱҶǳ׷ˡ
ȥɣ
ҶǳӶ̥ɨһĿĽ⣬ʱƺƵǰļûˡ
Ҷǳ㲻ú
ҶǳʥŲŹġ
ɽͲŭš
ţǶ̥ɱһûл
˵ضʱƽ񱩵ʧֻʣڵϵһЩʬ塣
мʧȥ
ǷˡԶ˷ܣҶǳɱ䣬ƿвһɱһЩеǳѪڡ
ǿǻ½İҶǳɱֱҪ̫ˬˡ
ҶǳϵȻǵıҲˣЩ˶һޱȡ
ÿˣһڵʹҶǳĵһʮڶ࣬һʮڵˡ
ôˣˣ㹻ǽ´ˡ˷ޱȡ
˵ң⼸Ҳ㹻ˡ
ڳײҪԴˣ϶ˣֻҪˮɵ̤硣
ڵϣܹϹˡҶǳЦ˵ëǶսѣεˡ
ܹϹҲ֣ܶôֻҪëǹΪ϶
ʱǾڻ½ҲһǿĲ̳
ٺ٣СӷİɣӦúܹܿˡ
Ц˵ѵûвѯ֪½ʱٱЩʮҲ˵ȥһ꣬Ѿȥʮˡ
Ŷд£ҶǳԶʱһ
ô˵ڻ½Ѿǧˣôħƴ½Ѿȥꣿ
ëǵ츳Ӧ̤벽̤ǿչ·ˡ
˵ǾѾڴǿչ·ˡ
Ҷǳжʱڴ
ǸһطúȴǵҶǳ漴˵
ͷ˵ҪһطȻʥɱЩһΣЩͲϵˡǰѾǵϢʥš
ϧǱѹΪȻǺܰȫҶǳ˵
ЦûѹΪҲͲȫˡ
˵ҲǣҶǳȻ۾һ˵֪һõطǿȥȥҺΣܰȫ
ɵúʵЩ֣Ҷǳ֮ǰô˵
ҶǳЦǣưץҵľ˵Ρһǵĵ£ȥ
ҶǳŲԶƵʬ壬Ц˵Ҳˣ嶼ûһˣ͵͵Ǳŵ֮Уû˻֪
⵹һõطͷ
˳ȥһˣɱ˰ݺᣬҵЩϲǣﳤպͷϡҶǳǵ
һ漴ͷǸﳤշ򸾵Ĺϵ֪ɱ˰ݺᣬЩˣ϶ΪﳤչǺ˰ݺᡣ
ϴȻݺˣǰﳤշ򸾵ƷвǱڹ޹أҲܵǣҶǳ˵գ͸뿪ʥ档
û׷ǳ󣬲ִ֪˰ǡ

ʱ嶼ѾˣеİȫֻһƬ
ΪڣǼݺˡ
飬⵱Ȼˡ
׾ȻˣôܣʲôϢ𣿡۰Դ
ǰݺĴӣڴ۷壬ڰȨܴ
ǳǼʧȥ˰ݺλıӻƿزôӴļ塣
Ͼ
дԣڸʥŵһȥ֮׷ɱҶǳȥˡʱ˴
Сӣ
۰۾һУɱһˣȻҸף˰ҽﳤǴСӸǹϵãǺ˸ס
ɱӺƿذ壬ȶġ
ɱһݺ˽ӣҲܾЩҰĵļһʱ
۰ִưô꣬Ȩĵá


1327 
۰ϷİﳤպͷӣȵﳤգǷ򸾹Ҷǳף
ʲôˣ
ﳤպͷԶһʱ䱻ݺֻ綼ӴˣԻ֪ݺѾˡ
Ҳֻ𾪣ûбˡ
Ҳ飬ӾͲ˵ˣﳤȻݺиѪԵûһ㸸Ӹ顣
ûʱ򣬰ݺ뿪ˣĸȥʱҲֻһĸߣֻĸףûиס
οݺĶŮҲûаҲмʮټϴµ˽ӣǾ͸ˡ
ԣݺЩӣҲûʲô飬Щ˽ӡ
ȻЩ˽ӶҲûʲô顣
ߣװģ
۰䶢ŰﳤգǹҶǳ˸ףȻװŲ֪ңǲ֪ڵ֪䣬Ȼһ㱯˵ûУ˵ǲҶǳ᣿
֮λ޴ǣﳤ
˵û¶ΧЩݺм¶
ǰ۰ԣҲȨѿؼ壬ôΪݺᱯˣ
ҪɱӺûƼ塣Ӻܴ԰ﳤմ
ﳤյ˵ͷҲɵӡ
ʵϣΧ˶װ۰Ե˼ڱϾɢҵģûȷûʸ񿹺۰ԡ
˵ǸﳤֲϤ˭Ըﳤճͷ
ִϺڣ
۰ͻȻȵ
ʱվ˳
۰ָŰﳤպͷ˵ǷȥΪΪ׼졣
ﳤպͷɫһ䡣
ȥΪȻ̺֮Ӵഺ
ûΪƾǵʵ͵൱һ˶򲻹ܹܣ
ߣӴһסĸĴ
ֻܼ֣λС
꣬ߣﳤҲǳ˳ȥһץסӣ˳ȥȻһǰ󷽵
۰ԴԼλվۿŰﳤգм츳ǲվֻһСߣ
䣬ĸѾݻ˷ӵĹɱﳤա

ڴʱĸֹﳤյĴȻ׹ʧȥϢ

˵ضʱ˼ž
˶ɴ۾Ǿؿܣȴûзʲôˡ
ǣĸôͻȻȥ
֪λǰ٣۰ʧԶӭˡ۰Դ
кܽţԷܹϢɱĸȻҲɱ

ӺͰﳤվһ˶ĸо¡
ɱĸӦѷǵСﳤ˵
ȴ˵ѵûзĸЩϤ𣿡
ţﳤɻؿӡ
ӵҶֵĽ𣿡
ʲôﳤһ㶣漴ҡͷôܣҶѣôܻɱĸ
ˣȥ׷ɱҶ֣Լȴˣ⻹˵ʲô𣿡˵
ﳤճĬˡ
ڴʱӰԶѸϿա
۰Կǣæӭӵλǰݹ١
Ļû˵ΪѾҶǳˣϾҶǳҲڰȻʶ
ʲôȻǣ
۰Զʱɫҡͷǣ϶ǰطƾСôɱĸ
Ҷ֣
֣
ﳤպͷҲҶǳ񣬲ɵǴкˡ
֣ӣĻʱɣЦ
ﳤպͷһ漴ﳤշӦһ𾪵ؿҶǳŵҶ֣ղֵ𣿡
Ҷǳ΢Цŵͷ˵۰Ҫɱ𣿡
Զ۰ԣɫʱ䡣
Բܣ۰ԵҶǳŵ㣬һûʵ
ӶҶǳ˵Ҷ֣ղŻȥǵΪ
Ѿ֪ˡҶǳԶʱһ䣬һĽǰİ۰١
䣡
۰Եʬʱ׹ڵϡ
Χİˣȫ֣ȴӣΪǺ±Ҷǳɱ
ﳤպͷҲ𾪣۰Ǵ۷壬ȻҶǳֱɱ
Ҷֵľﵽﵽʲô̶ȣﳤ𺳡
ȴǸ˲ѣҶǳڣǻƿذ塣һǷδҲлΪ
֣Щ۰Ե£㶼ָҶǳɱ˰۰֮󣬶԰ﳤ˵
Χİɫһ䣬һЩС׷׳Ҫߡ
ߣҪͷָˡҶǳЦһһĽЩʱɱ
䣡
һȺĽݻ꣬ǵʬ壬һ׹ҵĵ涼ڲ
Щȫŵ־壬
Ѿŵɫף˵۰Բкֵܣ๼ǰȺףƼﳤ¼˭
˭
ҶǳͰﳤյĹϵֲǲ֪㲻֪ģڵϵһ߾ʬ壬Ҳκ
ţܲʲô֣Ҷǳɫ԰׵Цʵ
ܳæҶӣ°ﶡҶӡ
ԺǰִϣҪĸƿذ壬֪𣿡Ҷǳ˵
ǣףһľֵܣǼﶡæ˵
ЩֻǰһͨĴȴܹΪĴϡ
ȻԺҪﳤյҲһ֮£֮ˣ״öˡ
ﶡϸ˭԰вһָҶǳٶ˵
ﶡʱɨЩЩҲһֲѣǿﶡг
Щǰﶡˣŵɫס
Ҷ֡
ﳤҪ˵ʲôȴסˣ԰ﳤմҶΪɨϰȻƾʵôƿذ壿
ﳤ̾˿ֻҪˡ
ʱﶡҲָһЩˣǶǰҰ֮Щ˲ܻ᳼ڰﳤգһҶǳ뿪Щѱġ
ۡ
ҶǳʩչĽЩ˵شȴûнɱֻǽǴð
Ҷǳﶡ˵ȥһ̡
ﶡȻ֪ҶǳҪͶ״
ˣԺ˾ľﳤ⣬ûеڶ·ˣΪİӵܣ
֣ôҶǳ϶ɱ
ԣﶡˡ


1328 ǧ
Ҷͷף棬һԺУҶǳ񡢰ﳤշЦŽ̸
Ҷ֣ζлˣǷ򸾵³治󡣡ﳤտҶǳһм
Ҷǳ˰֣漴˵ݺᡭ
Ҷ֣ɱ˺ɱ֮ҸĲԣܲվŸɱɣ๼ҵġﳤҡͷ
Ҳ̫̰̾ˣˣҲ䵽ӡ
Ҷǳ˲ɱ˰ݺᣬҲͷģ漴˵εʥţǿ϶ŹҵģԺҪұ־룬ܶ˵ҵĹϵǡ
Ҷ֡ﳤպͷӿҶǳ
Ҷǳֵض˵Ҵͺȥһطչأ˳ܱܷͷʲô飬ͨҡ
ﳤպͷӵ˵ͷҲ֪ʥŵĿֲǿʥأ˭֪᲻ʥ˴ڡ
һҶǳڿԿġ
ʥ¼ʥſɵϵˡ
ﳤշ򸾺ҶǳǰˣΪºۼûߴ󣬶ֱӸ·ȥǵġ

ʥš
⡢ɽ˵Ѷ
ˮŭ죬˫ȵâգɢǿϢ
ʥŵȫ̽Ҷǳ٣Ȼ֪ҡ

ˣھʥܳҲˣȻֻСδԻΪпܳʥ
ʧʥŵĴ̫ˡ
ҶǳҪңɱ
ϧƾȥ̽ҲҲҶǳǵ١
ΪʱҶǳѾ͵͵Ǳǵ¹
Դŵ֮ʣµӵܣҲҽˣ˵Ѿ˽أǸˡ
ڣƶˣ˾͸û̽ˡ
ԣҶǳǳȫûκš
ʼչأ˳ȴǵҶǳдһ˿ڴ
ٺ٣Ҫᶨš
ҶǳʮڵһҲȱٵʱ޿̲
Ҷǳǿռ֮Ҫѿռ֮Բ磬ȥʱ֮
ʱսϣʱմ
ʱ˽ʸȻͿȥѰ񼶲ˡ
Ȼʱܽռ֮Բ磬ôҵٶҲͲˡ
Ҷǳ뵽ˡ
ٶȣټĽ˵Կŷݡɱһλ
գҶǳռ֮
ʱڲ֪š

зһգǧꡣ
ŵ֮УҶǳ֮Уоʱš
ǧҶǳ㽫ռ֮Բ磬ʱʼʱ֮ȴû˿ͷ
Ϊռ֮ǰϾѾˣǴӴԪ֮ʼ𽥽ġ
ʱ֮ȴһͷûУȻҲûв
ֹȥǧ꣬Ҷǳûʱ֮Щˡ
ʱ֮֮֮Ѷ󣬿Ҫȥһпʱ֮
Ҷǳܿף쳵Ǻʱ֮ġ
ҪȥҪҵԵҵвС
ţѾȥǧ𣿡
Ҷǳ򿪻һʱʱѾȥǧˣɵһ
½ȥǧˣôǿչ·ǹȥ꣬ëĪѾ½
Ҷǳæڻûлǿչ·¼
ܿ죬Ҷǳͷ֣ǿչ·ûп
ôʱǾȻû½
ҶǳЩɻ
Ȼ뵽˵ʮҪͨһҪľﵽΡ
ǣм˵ľԴﵽΣ
ëǶľģΨһģ»ͽһʦ
һʦ츳𣬶ʱ޷ľﵽΣпܱ˵ʮ
ҶǳҡҡͷȻëǻûеִ½Ǿʱᡣ
ҶǳʼԼʱ֮ҪȥһԵֻ뿪ŵˡ
һЩȻ뿪
ҶǳһԱ߻ڼչ񣬵ǧڵ뿪˹ŵ
ͬʱҲڻϸˣ˵Ҫȥ۹
֮ȥ۹ҲΪҪܿʥţͬʱܵȴëǵĵ
Ͼǿչ·ĳڻǣ۹

ʥš
ܷŭⶼȥǧˣȻûҵҶǳ٣СѾˡ
鷳ˡ
½ôӴҶǳߴ󣬹⿿ʥŵˣǲҵõҶǳġ
Ҷǳһ꣬û˿ҵõ
Ҷǳټˣڽ󡣡ͻȻе
⼤ɭ̲ס¶Ҿ֪вסߵռ֮ǲΪġ죬Ҽ˳ִϣǲλִϳ֡
ǣ
ǵæӦ
Цλִ϶ǴСӵ鹥Ҳ޷ɱСȻҲɱȫһɱҵҪӵõ
ûԶ֣ϾһʥصԳֶԸһСǾ̫ˡ
οΪҪʱ̫ˣҪʥ֮λȻûʱȥҶǳ
棬Ǿ㹻ˡ
ϲѾվ˻½۷壬֣˭ܿ⣿
ʥصĵ̣ɳ

ͬʱҶǳͨһǳصĴǰ۹
Ҳ֪ʥŲŹԼϾɱʥ츳׿СɱʥĶӣԷŹŹ֡
һߴ󣬾ͻᱻǷ֡
Ҷǳ뵽
ʥŵͨЩηҶ֡ǣٸʥţõô˻ɵġ
ҶǳҲ֪˭ٸʥŴϢܼܲ˾ɱɡ
һֻҪڳڣʥűȻ֪
ǲǣߴ󣬹⿿Уѿռ֮Բ磬ٶȿҲҪ̫ʱִܵ۹
ˣҶǳֻߴ
Ҳֱǰ۹Ļʥſ϶³Ҫȥ۹һǰأ
Ҷǳһ˼һ߸ı䷽˿Ҫȥ
һ͵۹ķһִ͵۹ķ򣬴ʥŵ˵תơ
Ȼ˲ʱ䣬ȴȫ˺ܶ࣬ʥŵ˿ҪȥȻҲ޴ء
ֱҶǳ۹ʱʥŵ˲ſĿĵأϧʱѾ̫ˣҶǳߴ󣬶ֱ뿪ǳأ۹
˳ǣƾٶȣʥŵִϾŸϵҲҲҶǳˡ


1329 ξ
һǳء
Ҷǳ糾͵شӳ˽ЩȴЦݣΪѾȷԼʥŵĸ֡
ʥϷܴӰܴÿִһǣʥͨ籨šǣʥŵӰ޷쵽ûʥͨ籨š
Ҷǳ뵽
ãܹʶԼ˶࣬ϾԼϷֵٻҲֻһСܴ
ΪԷһҶǳ󣬽˺üǳա
ȵҶǳһδӴ߳ѾĴǡ
صһǳأȰǡּǳشˣǵļٱ
ǿ߼࣬ؿɼһЩڳڹš
Щ˸ɢǿϢΧҲ⣬ƺкܶǺܳġ
ˣˣʹˡ
𣿸Ͻȥ
ҵһȺܾˣһһҪŪͳ쵱
ҿֻܵٷ򳤡

ȻȺӿ۷׷ףԳŲԶȥ
ô£ҶǳЩ죬ǷʲôôоΧ˵ķˣʲôһ
ιιι·߰һҪƿҶǳҶǳһץסҲá
㣡һС뷢ŭ͸ܵҶǳϴĴϢʱЦǰ˼ҸղŲǹġ
˵˵ǰ浽׷ʲô飬Ϊʲôһǰ壬ЩһҶǳʵ
ɻ󣬱ϾЩһȻҲسǰǵȡ
ǰȻ֪
ҶǳץסСɴ۾һҶǳ漴ȻǰĪǸմӱ
˵ص㣡Ҷǳߵ
ǣæ˵ǰĴּ⣬ҪȫΧѡξ٣ǼǵĵʹѾˣǶȥ
ξҶǳ¶֮ɫ
ЦɲͨĲξͨĲξֻײʿս¾ͻΪڻңοֱѡξ١ٱʿĵλ߶ˣҲá
Ҳе˭۹ΪУҶǳ
ɻؿҶǳ½˴˷սǰ֪𣿡
ҶǳĲ֪һ㣬鿴̾͵֪һЩϢ
ԭ֮ԷսΪ˶ȡؾ
ؾǻ½һأ񼶡ʥϣ˷
ÿνؾޣΪͨսʵˡ
ڻؾǰһʢĻս˭ľʵǿ󣬵õԽࡣ
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ѾǼǺˡ
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Ҷǳɻ˵Ҫѡξôʿơ
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ʹ˰֣ʾҶǳ뿪ˡ
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ৣ
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ͽСɣ
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վڻ½ϣ̧ͷ֮ܿĻ磬оԼѾԶˡ
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1330 Ϣ
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ˣսôɶˣ
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ʿΪ¹ͣ;ܻȡֱҶǳ˲ˡ
ҲѹôðξˣһЩɢ˵ҪԴξȷõĴ㡣
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ȼԽߣǲǺôԽ󣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵ
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֮׼ȥתתˡ
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ܿ죬϶̸۴¡
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ڻϿգѾǿӰҲˡ
ǿ϶ڣⶼȥˣǲܲҶǳЩš
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ЦþòףȻ磬һǴҵ֪㲻ᱻռ֮ܣȻ߳Լĵ·
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⵹һûᣬʵԺɨͬסҶǳġ
䡭
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1331 
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ҶǳĿŻǿչ·ĳڡ
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˺һһϤӰ𽥴ӻǿչ·ڷ˳
оӡĽ庮Ϊ䡢ꡢѩС塢սһʦЩˣһ٣ȫˡ
˶ЩҶǳˡ
Щ˰ɣô죿ҶǳЩġ
İɣǿ϶ᴦõġЦ˵
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ϢǿһӾеëע⣬ǽĿͶ˹ɵһ
𣡡
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Ҷ磡

ëǶϲؽ˳
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ˡ
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Ҷǳü⿿ǣܹסĵôȥˣǿҲΪ˰ɣ
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ë˶ʱˡ
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˵꣬һ˸ǧڵЩ㹻ˡ
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ֻǿɵۣĿɿڴЩš
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Ϊ˵𶼸ˣҲҪ
ǰҶ磬㻹ҪأòôѩҲ˵
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ë
Ϊ

˶ˡ
ΣëŰֵСѾǴˣҶ°ɣˡ
֪Ҷǳеǵ֮ҲͲˣ˵
˵֮⣬ҶǳǣԼ
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ãڶ̤磬ʱ
ˣҶСӣүҪˣҪűүүҪʵȻʱ޷Ϊȱү֮󣬾͹㡣ëһЦһӣȥˡ
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ϾǵΪڻ½ǵ׵ģǺܲġ
֮һɹϢһ洫
ҶǳԵúܿģЩˣڸоԼһսˡ
ǶǾһǿֻҪʥˣõž˭
Ҷǳڴš


1332 ѡοʼ
֮ëǾͳˣһȹСΪ
ţôôͳˣҶǳھޣӦëǳأɵȡ
ëЦ˵㲻˵ѡҪʼҲ׼μӡ
ҶǳԿЦҴǣСΪѡϾ١
ʢμӣСǲ
ëǵ츳ڻ½ֻһ㣬οǲŸոյִС磬ô˿⣿
ٺ٣Ǿͺ棬μһ£һûΣգҲûͨһ֡Ц
ȻѾͨ磬һЩ飬֪һֲΣա
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ͽ˵ĲȻ˻½ȻܴʢΪҲЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷȻˣҾʹȥɡ
ѡûпʼʹڴǣҶǳëǸȥܿͱ
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ë¼ڲ֮󣬿˱ɵõɴ۾𺳡
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ڸоҵΪСЦ
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һʼ
źʧҶǳʱԼѾĩսĴϡ
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һеˣȻҲ±ŭݣҲͿ޼ɵͷųԼ
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飬һΧ

һ֮ײš
Ҷǳִ˵ʱЩȻҲҶǳ
ЩƢ꣬ΪԼʵǿˣоܵƣ׷ɱҶǳ
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Ҷǳ߶ޱ޼ʵĻ𣬶ʱΪģ˷ӳȥ


1333 С
ۣүȻôˡ
ҲˣһˣҿóǼһҲֻСڣôôǿ
ǻãٿ˵ˣҶûпˣĪˣ

ëǽȥĿ죬Ҳ죬˵һζ̧ǡ
ˣǾͱɱˡ
ս治ǿԲμӵģǿֱɡ
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ǣЩһ֮У㶼˰˾ųɵս
ȻΧҶСӣëЩ֮У𾪵ĴǣɵùЦ
㿴ǵı飬һɵˣҹǶڻˡҲЦ˵
ǶҪˣϧѾ̫ˡ֮УʵٶҲᱻǸӲ
Ļ£һƬҫ۵ĽĻϳ֡
Ҷǳʩչռɱոһ
ʵǴ۷壬ټռǿ
ڣЩ֮еĴǱ˰˾ųɵȻҲһסһɱ
ܣܣһ̫ǿˡ
Ҿ֪ôŵˣ϶ߡ
ôôֲ򣿡

һȺǾֵš
ϧ֮Уǵٶȼ࣬Ӳ
ɱ
Ҷǳк˸һɨȥĽâޱߵĽӣӿһûС
ռǳֲռĩٰĿֲ⾳ЩУѲá
̫ˣҵ֮Щֱһ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ
Ľ£Щһûߣȫɱˡ
ʱĻҲѸš
쿴ҶСӵĻĺÿ죡
棬ëҲڹעҶǳĻֻеġҶǳ֣һϵشš
Ƭ̣ҶǳѾǰһ֮ڡ
ͣ˵ǧٶʮ
ǿֲҶôȻǧ⣬ôĴ𣿡С循
ëҲ𺳲ѡ
ǿۿҶǳսֱɨɱôȻֻǧ⡣
ǰЩˣжôֲ
ٵȵȿҲãĵ˶ءë˵
˼ۿҶǳֱһ߹עҶǳ
ĩսС
ҶǳҲԲ鿴ԼԼǧ⣬üͷһ塣
ҸսɱôˣȻֻǧ֮⣿
û뵽һǣȻôǿߡ
ҹȻСˡ

Ҷǳûйежˡ
£Ҷǳ̽׷ٸĵˡ
޼ɵͷųȥӦЩ˵λãȻ׷ɱȥ
ʲôЩ˾Ȼɱˣ
һֲ̫ˣϽӣ
̫ˣ
̫ùˣȻֱֵ̬һս
Ҫ̭ˡ

֮ǰΪҶǳţĺܲҵˣȫҶǳĴɱŴˡ
ʱЩһӣԶҶǳ
ս̫ˣҵû취ȫ֡
Ҷǳں׷ɫЩ
ЩʵֻҪû֮УǵٶȾͺܿ죬ҶǳҪ׷Ҳ鷳
ԣ׷Ƭ֮Ҷǳͣˡ
ֱ˷Ѿ
Ҷǳϥڵϣûȥ׷ɱˡ
׼ȴĩսСʱţĩսС
ֻҪȵĩսСȫֵʱôЩˣֻ·һˡ
ȴֻҪҵ֮Уҵռɱǡ
ҶǳϥĿ
ֻһҶǳѸµ
棬ëĻϥµҶǳʱüͷҶСôȥ׷ɱˣ
Щٶ̫죬׷ɱ̫ˣȵĩսСҶĴ㡣С²⵽
ꡢΪҲͷ
ëЩΪҶǳѾһˡ

ǳҲڹۿžѡϾ¹ǴǵܹѡΪ٣ٿ϶һҲõ
ˣԴ˺ܿء
ۿЩֱΣֻˡ
صΡ
ЩδǿԳΪʥ˵ġ
͸ض˵ˣЩ
ʵѾﵽ˴ޣҶĶ֡
һ߿ֱһ߸п
ƳһԱߵĴ
ڵһĶСʱ¶ЦݣȻûʧҲ׷ĺܽ
ڵڶ͵ģֱԯղ̩ǴǺպš
ˣöעˣϾǴܹ۵ĺ١
עĻǴεѡЩһΪ˾٣ٶԪ˧λֻ߲ͣʱɵúúðͽᣬùϵ

ĳĩս
ڲֻܡ
ܣСٶ̫ˡ
Ҳ㵹ùȻһսȻǶлͨѡΡ
죬ӣ

ƴš
Ȼڴʱһը졣
壡
䡭
ʱɫ䣬Ǿ͸оԺһ˶ľˣͣԭء
ৣ
һâɨ⼸ɱ
һ˴Զ̤ǴŲмЦݣ̫ˣֱһ
ǰսֻʣһˣʣǷһսʱһе
Сܹѡһս𣿡
ܣе
Сüͷһ壬漴Ǿ˰ɣ׼ԯղ̩ڵս̭ȻԣǾǶͨ˰ɣֻǵһ֡
ͣһĩսе˵
һ룬СӰʧˡ
ͬʱΣĩսУдĶУһе
һСɱĩսеˣĩս
˶ɫ䡣
ʲôŶãɱˣ
ҿǧս
̬

һĲѣСڵĩսǾˡ
ҶǳҲǳ𾪣һֲ̫˰ɣôɱˡ
˵ٶӦúܿ죬ʵҲֲҶǳ뵽һС
ǰ˵Сԯ衢ղ̩⼸Ǻպĳš
ҲҪˣĩսѾСܶ࣬ҵӦÿԽˡ
Ҷǳվ


1334 
ĩս֮Ҷǳ־ԽԽ죬Ϊˣٶȶû죬ʵ޷Ტۡ
ǵɱˣ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
ĩսСе߶ڣٶȼֻܶ࣬ҪҶǳǾӲܿܽնɱ
ɱɱɱɱɱ
ҶǳһɱӦ֮Уĩսߣڱһһɱ
û˿ӵõΪ֮УǵٶȱҶǳ̫ˡ
ңҶǳʵҲǺǿźԶľ룬ҶǳֻҪһܽɱ
֣
Ҷǳڲϵϴ
ҶСڶˣ鲼ĩսҾ֪ڴ⡣
磬ëʱ˷ܵĴ
ѩ˵ָŻ˵Ҷڲϵϴ½һˣǾǧǧ̫ˡ
˲ɵÿ񵥣Ҷǳִ̫ˡ
˵֣ÿһһΣҶǳȴһֱ
һǧˣ
ú˼ˡ
Ҷǳڽǰһǧˡ
ңҶǳλڼ˶ľˡ

ͬʱҶǳڵĩսڣ߶ܡ
Ȼǻʲô˾Ȼӵôǿ򣿡
ҵʵ˰˳ɣ⻹ô򣿡
ұ˾ųɣ̫̬ˡ
ʲôʱֳţ

ĩսĺܶ˵ǶûпҶǳӣĪر֣Ȼٶȣʵ˼¡
ȥӣӲ֣Ϊĩս֮С
˶ˣΪԼǾˡ
ʵҲȷˣҶǳսڵߡ
ϣҪȥȫѶ
һͷ۵ӣʵǳֲ㱻ֻ߳ʵ˵бٵĴڡ
Ҫ֪ҶǳͬһεĴ˾ųɾŵʵ
һЩģҲᱻ˳ʵֻһЩرǿĴű߳ʵ
̩ɽǰһˣû뵽Ҫǡ
˵̩ɽǴһţԯ衢ղ̩ǡ
ϰɣǵʵô࣬Եصĵˣɡ
ͬϣ£ʵ˾ųɾţô򣿡

̩ɽĴĩսʣµߣȫԸˡ
ǣЩ˶ڼϡ
ף
ҶǳĩսȻҲע⵽һĻɵЦˣȻˣһٶѣΪϾܶԸң̫ˡҲãʡһȥң˷ʱ䡣
£ҶǳٶȣЩϡ
Ȼż٣ЩϵȺȥ
Ȼһ̣Ҷǳ͵ͣڰУ㶡
ΪӦ֮Уһͷ۵ǿɱЩۼһߣ˶ܣϧܵû
ʵ̫ˣ֮ǰǲ֪ͷ۵ǿ߻ͻȻ֣һɱĴֲ
̩ɽ쵰Ȼƭǣ
ˣ֪ǿߵĶ֣ǵ壬ûǾۼȻնɱ
ǰʮˣھˣҲǰһǧĿġ

߶ŭͬʱҲڱӡ
˼˼ȻĿġҶǳعλͷ۵ǿ߷ǳ̫ˡ
֪ԼҶǳĶ֣ԳûԼĻ֣ȥҲǰһǧ֮ڣᱻ̭
ôߣ֮ǰɱĶ죬ûʵҲٶӦóҡ
Ҷǳ뵽
С½ţȻռܹ֮ͬ޵С
Ͼռ֮Ÿոտʼûɡ
ڻѯֻеﵽʥ˾ʱռ֮ﵽռ֮ŻŻɨͬס
ڵռֻ֮һƣܹսޡ
½ţʥǵѪʶǳǿ
ûгɳռ֮ǵĶ֡
ҶǳΨһģҲı̬ѡ
ڻɱЩˣҾɨβҶǳһУûȥɱǸͷǿߣȥɱЩܵߡ
֮ǸͷǿѾֹͣɱ¾ˣҶǳҲɱЩܵߡ
ĩսʱֻʣˡ
ɣ֪δĶ֣ҲӣҲҪսͷ۵ǿ߳Ҷǳķս⡣
ݣ
Ҷǳӿٶȣͷ۵ǿǰ
ԸҶǳ񽣳һǰδеĿֲ⣬ŰƬء
һĩռĿֲ⾳ʱϯȥ
ռͷǿͫһ漴𾪵Ȼ㣬Ǹռ֮ķˣȻ̤λһǴ
ȻʶңҶǳЩ졣
ͷǿ߳ӻǿչ·˻ͷʶҲֻû뵽ȻĿ̤磬һɢޣȻҵʥϣ
ԭˣҶǳȻȷ˻ͷȻڼǵûˣռǻǻ뵽ġ
Ͼ½ռ֮Ҳһˡ
˵ռ֮ˣܹɨͬףɷ񳷵ǹƽһսͷ۵ǿߺȻ˵
׳գҶǳЦһֱӻӽɱ˹ȥ

ɵ
ߣ
ͷ۵ǿһֱֻۣӶѵҶǳɱ
Ͳһն㡣
ѵγһ籩ɭɫĵ⣬ƬأϬĵâڿռŰš
䣡
ҶǳıɱһȥȻͷǿ߸סˣǽԷѪɡ
Ҷǳɵþ
޷ɱˣܹܴˡ
ٶȣͷǿ߶ǳֲ㱻ѹƣܷӳʵѹֿɱôߡ
ʣɵսɵ
Ҷǳйâ䣬һʩչռȫһƬ貵Ľȥͷǿ档
ͷǿ߲ҽоޱ޼ʵĽâֲ˶á
Ҷǳʵغʵǿûܹңǿ˶٣ɱҡ
Ҳʵһ֣㼸ˣô棿Ҷǳ˵
ͷǿ߶ʱĬˣҶǳ˵öԣҲʵһ֣ʲôʸ񷴲
ҶǳҼסˣҲҼסҽ̩ɽһһ㡣ͷǿߴ
󣬻еҶǳ𣺡ĩսֻʣһˣڽѡһĩս


1335 ԯ
Ҷǳ͵һĩսʱҲڲ鿴ԼĻ
Ǹ̩ɽͷ۾Ȼʮˣɱ֮󣬻һӾͳ嵽˵ھ
ԼĻҶǳɵһЦݡ
ھţ֣߱ɱͨһֵĿˡ
ϾֻҪǻǰһǧ֮ڣͨˡ
Ǹ̩ɽҲܹͨˡҶǳ뵽
û⣬ǸͷȻʵ򣬸޾塣

ǣһҿջڡ
ëΪ˶ڹעŻͬʱҲڹۿҶǳս
Ҷǳɱĩսһˣǰһĩսʱ˵ĿⶼͶ˻񵥡
ھëɴ۾
ҶȻ嵽ھѩΪҶǳеˣһ˫СȭͷյýأֻԲԲĴ۾˸˷ܵĹâ
̫ˣһ
Ҿ֪СӲԣһֱ㾪춯ء
ھŰ´ǵ˹ƶҪעˡ

˶һ֮̾ɫ
ҶǳҲǵһʶˣߵҶǳҫġ
ս½ǣ½ǣħƴ½ǣڻǿչ·Ҳǣڵ˻½ˡ
ĳţԶᱻûġ
ףȻ˳嵽˵ھ
Ȼ˳嵽˵ھ
ǰʮǴǵĳţҶǳļһ˭֮ǰôûз

ͬʱҶǳ֣ȷڴڴ
εĸοˣʹ˹עˡ
ԣҶǳ嵽аھʱ˴ߵĹע
ܿ죬һЩ˾ͺعۿҶǳֱ
εһֿɿŵģֻҪܹ¼ˣɹۿκһߵֱ
ۿֱˣҲܹ֪ۿԼֱڵ
ͱ˵Ҷǳ
˿̣ҶǳյϢһӾͼڹۿԼֱĿڼ
ҵĻ˺ܶ˵Ĺע
Ҷǳǰ׳գܿΪʲôô˹ۿԼֱˡ
û⣬Ȼμξѡע޷ݡ
£Ҷǳͷų򣬿ʼµĩսɱС
һ֮еĴǱһɱģҲס
˺
ûпĻǻγɵ򡣡
ĽҲֲܿ
ÿµע⵽ûУ֮еĴܾ֣Ȼǵʵǵٶȱࡣ
ֻҪȫɱˣûһ˿ӵߡ

ڻԡ
Ҷǳ׻ˡ
Ҷǳû⣬˿ڲϵѰ˵䡣
һûаԼ鲼ĩսȻĩսѾСˣȫõ鲼ĩսԸô
ΪûҪ̫˷ˡ
ֻҪһǧڣͨˣҺα˷ңֻǵһֵĳûҪƴ
Ҷǳ뵽
ڵĻȫͨˣûҪ˷ˡ
ɱżҵĻ㹻ˡ
ҶǳƵ׷ɱˡ
ҲµֻɱУԵٶȺڻڶʮ֮ڡ
ٶȣһ֮ڣǻʲô
ţ
ȻҶǳһ
Ӧ֮У߳߷ɱ
óЩ˲ǳģڱӣʲôµ׷ɱǡ
ǿˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һ̣¶Ȥ֮ɫ
Ӧ֮УЩӵˣҲһǧˡ
ܹ׷ɱôͬ״˸жô
µʵ֮¡
£Ҷǳһ⣬Щ˼ȥ
Ҫʶһţ˿²λ̩ɽѷɫ
䣡
žĽӽҶǳڿǸˡ
һŮӣúƯһλŮ
ʺ䣬һɽеĽҲһ䣬ÿһȥǺüλɱ
ֲǴŮĽǼֱһ籩еĴҪŮ֣ͳŲסƬ̡
Ǹ̩ɽˡ
Ҷǳͫһ
ڴŮϸΣ
룬δǴŮĶ֡
Ҳô˵Ůǽ򣬽Ҳ򡣶Ҷǳһǿޱȡ
ţ
ȻԶǸƯŮֹͣɱ¾΢΢̧ͷһ˫ӣʱҶǳ
ҶǳҲ˴Ů˵Ŀ֮ײܵ˱˴˵ǿ
ԯ裡
ͬʱڹۿҶǳֱˣȫ
ԯ裬ڶֱǴĿľ콾


1336 ŶԾ
治ãȻԯ衣
˭뵽ԯȻĩս
浹ùѾǰһǧҪˣǾˡ

౻ԯ׷ɱˣһֺͲʣԯ̫֮ǰԯɱĴܶӡ
οֻʣһǧˡ
ţһôͣˣ
ȻһЩӵˣԯȻͣԭأûм׷ɱǡ
úܶЩɡ
ܹڵˣߣǺܿͷҶǳ
˭
ǿӡ
ԯע
ܹԯԴ϶
Ͻӣ

Щ˸Ͻܡ
Ҷǳԯʱùעǣֻб˴ˣΪǶܵ˴ϴв
ԯ裿
Щܵ˵̸ҶǳˣһЩȡ
Ůԭǻڶԯ裬ѹô
ҲһʱˣȻ˵ԯĴǺСղ̩еĴ콾
ţѷɫһЩ
ʵҲȷˡ
Դѡʼ˱ռǰһֱûµ
˭
ԯޱеһǽǳֲ
ƣ絶һֺǿҵѹȸС
Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ˵
ţԯüͷԴǵŶ֪ȴû˵Ҷǳ֡
ܿѰа񣬿Ҷǳڵضʮ
ҶǳѾʮˡ
ϾҶǳûŬɱ֮Ȼȥˡ
㲻ǴǱˣ
ԯ迴Ҷǳ˵ǰһٵˣҶʶ
ΣҶǳ˵ȷǱˣˡ
ûΣԯ䣬ĮȻңǾ͹ãҲģ㱻ɱˣҲһǧ⡣
ҶǳЦˣŲԶԯ㵹Ǻţ
ţԴʵԯ˵꣬ʱҶǳ
ͬʱԯĽҲǳҶǳֹ
䣡
Ҷǳһʱ䱬ԯĽײȥ
һЦ˭
ˣǴˡ
Ҷǳļһ䶨ˣȻԯ衣
ֻܹãĻҲܵһǧѾͨˡ
֪ܹԯгסೡʱ䡣

ͬʱڹۿҶǳֱ͹ۿԯֱˣ۷׷
ҶǳĻʮԯĻڶ˶ǳţǵսȻˡ
˿̣ǼС˶ڹۿǵս
ëҲڹۿ֪Ůԯ裬ǶЩˡ
ҶСӵ̫ˣȻڶļһ
Ů˺ܱ̬Щסһ
֪ҶܲӮ

ëǾܶҶǳģҲ
ѩʵҶԶĽ˲ɱ˶Ҷ粻ƽ
ûϵֻǳҶСӵĻ㹻ͨˡëο

ĩս
ҶǳԯӰͬ˲룬Ǳ˴˵򣬵һʱײһ
¡¡
Ҷǳ򣬻ԯĽڲϵײ
ȻҶǳһ¥ԯĽˡ
ǻȻȲҵ򡣡ҶǳЦ˵
ԯͫһҶǳ֮иһĨغ֮ɫ㾹Ȼƿ˻𣬻γֻ˵һ˽ҶǳԻǿչ·ռ֮ѵǸҶǳ
֮ǰ֪ҶǳҶǳûлɡ
ϾǴǾҵҶǳֵģο½Ҳ֪жٸҶǳ
ڣͲòˡ
Ǻǣû뵽ҵ
ҶǳһЦǳԯĲ²⡣
ԯһĿ֮Ҳûӣս⣺û뵽㣬Ȼܹ̤磬ﵽ˴磬˾ȡ˵ռ֮ˣͬ޵Уɱ㣬֤ҵĽռ֮
ݣ
ԯ˽һɱҶǳ
ĽǳֲһӳȥһƬγɣâƥݺݵɱҶǳ
ǴԲѣ
ҶǳԯĻɵҡҡͷŮ˻ţҲ֣ȫ߶ԯʵ
ţҵʵȻɣԯͫһҶǳĿ˲˼顣


1337 ռϷ
ҶǳҲܾȣôǿȻֻǽԯʵɣ˵ʵжôֲ
ߣֻʵһɱ㡣
ԯ֮󣬺ܿ־ǿ󣬾ͬеĽһ
䣡
ֻԯԭһ̤ǿᴩ棬ʹõϳһ֩һѺۡ
ˣȴѾ嵽˸߿УһݺݵشҶǳ
һһ㣬˸е޷ܣǺâ̱
ͣ
ͬʱҶǳӿֳȵĻЩڱγһˡ
ŭҶǳһͺȵ
;޴Ļˣʱԯɱȥ˫ͬɽһĻȭͷͬ籩һк£ÿһĿռ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
һĹǳͣȵĻƬؿ񱩣ԯ趥Ż˵͹˽һϵǰչֳߵâ
ˣȴǱԯľâƵòϺˣҶǳͫһ𾪡
⻹ǵһͬǿߵסĻŭ
ǰͬǿսֻҪʩչŭ֮ܽ
ο⻹֮Уԯʵɡ
ǻ½ĳţֻһǣţ治֪Щվڻ½۷ţжôǿ󡣡
Ҷǳ˿̸еԼڵѪڷڡ
֣ûж֡
ռ
ҶǳͻȻԯĻŭ֮еѾȥչֳĩռĿ⾳
ǲ
ͬʱԯѾ׻ˣе񽣼ֱӶȻҫ۵Ľâﵽ˺ˡ
Ҷǳߵǽһռ֮ѵʵ𣿡ԯ輥Ц
ܿ죬ɫͱ
ΪҶǳռ⾳ֿµĽе񽣶ڲ
ˡ
ԯе񽣾˽֮ʣ̲סҪ
ԯĽڲЩܲסҶǳռ
ǵȼѹơ
Ͼռһнռʲôռֻгѡ
ҵĽ᳼κ˵ĽĽռҲУҹ
ԯͻȻ״
ɢһǿ־Ľ֮У˺һе⾳Ҷǳ

Ҷǳ˿ҲòŮԯĽռ־ǿƾǿ־Ӳصסռѹơ
ȻˣҾ㣡
ҶǳĿңޱҲ˽һ״̬
棬ԯȻҲ˽һ״̬
ߵĶԾǳ⣬ûʲôʽֻǺԼе񽣺Ϊһ壬˴ˡ
ǣٻʣ˴ײ
ڹۿֱˣһĻסˣһסɴ۾Ҵκһ档
ҶһӮѩĿǰĻ
ӦҶСӵȫһˣܻԯ裬Ǿֻˡë˵
½ǻ½һǳأȻҶǳĳš̾
ϧܶĽȻҶͿɱˡСЩʵ˵
ͬëǣʱǵߣվԯߣ׷ΪԯӮˡ
ϾԯڴǺպ˲֪˲
Ҷǳûʲô
䣡
ĩսУҶǳԯݺݵײһ˵Ľڲϵسţֲ˷кƻɽ緢һ㡣
ϣһѣʯͷƷɳȥضˡ
ĽͽâҶǳԯײĵطΧѡ
ɷ籩ģҶǳԯ趼Ѫɳȥܶۿֱ˶𾪲ѡ
˾Ȼǲʤܾˡ
ôܣ
Щǵ߶ɴ۾ƺû뵽һ֮ȻܹպĴǳԯƽ֡
ֱ˼顣
ռ֮ҲˣҵʵѹƣԲҵĶ֡
ԯ趢ŶҶǳǵѪҺޱϬ
ӡ
ҶǳһЦʩչӡƺܿͻָˣ˵Ϣٶ۷״̬
Ҳҵʵ˵ֱվŲˡ
Ҷǳһӽɱԯ衣
ߣ
ԯһ죬Щ߳ŭӽӭҶǳ
䣡
ٶײܾˡ
гӡڣҶǳƺָܻܿټǵս֮УҶǳռݵ̫ˡ
ȥҶǳţԯذɡ


1338 ڶ
ԯ·磿
ǸҶǳļһ￪ʼռˣȥԯذɡ
治˼飬ҶǳȻǴǵôǰû˵

ǵ۷׷ס
ֱͨǿؿõҶǳռϷ磬ԯǱҶǳϻˡ
һĻùۿֱĴ𾪲ѣʱΪⳡԾǵ߶ڹۿˡ
Ҷǳ֣ǳ쳹ˡ

ĩս
ʱţĩսҲԽԽСܶĴѾ޷ˡ
¡¡
ĩսģҶǳԯľ춯أĩսʣµĴԶս
ĩսС޷ӳҶǳǵߣǶѾˣ֪ԼҶǳУǱԯɱͿ˭Ӯˡ
䣡
Ҷǳռ߶˼ޣһκݺݵغԯ裬˵Ľڰжײµ
ۣ
ȻԯɫһףһѪ˶ɳȥˡ
¡¡ԯһﱻײ١
ԯ裬ѾˣҶǳɵԯ裬û˿ϲɫ
սڣųӡָƣⳡսʤ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ԯȻڴǰ½ǰһǧδܹȥ
ҶǳʱܵԼ½ŵĲࡣ
Щʥˣĵ̫ˡ
ռȻռڳɳ׶ΣڻûĵӲ
ǰڻǿչ·Ҷǳ۸ЩԸţΪǵĵӶͬģǴӷ˳ɳҲսѡ
ҶǳҲսսǡ
˵ǵĵӲࡣ
ڻ½ǾͲһˡ
ڻ½Щʥˡĺ츳̫ǿˣǲࡣ
ﳤգûʲô츳ΪС۷ǿ߰ݺֱϵԾܳưԻǿչ·
ڻ½ﳤ˶಻ʤﶼ֪ж٣˵Щʥˡˡ
˵ԯһλʥˣǻ֪ǶٴǰʥˣԯѪӽλʥϣ츳Żôǿ󡣡
Ҷǳҡͷ
һ֪ٴǰʥˣԯôǿ
ôʥ˵ĶӣأǵѪӽӽʥˣ츳жôֲ
ЩĴǵ˵ѪӽǸжôֲ
Һҵľﵽ˵Σ鹥Ȼ޷Щ
Ҷǳգٶȴ߶ռɱԯ衣
ĳ£ԯԽԽֵסе񽣶ˣ˱ռ˺Ƭ
ʱĩսѾСһ̨ô
ŻʣµĴҶǳһ䣬ֱһɨȥ
ЩҲûеֱֵӱҶǳһɱ
ǰĩսֻʣһˣǷ͵һĩսеҶǳ
ҶǳûѡˣĩսСزⳡѡѾˡ
ңĻѾ㹻ˡ
Ҷǳ򿪻аڴĻаϣԼѾԯȡ֮еڶ
ԯ򱻼˵ղ̩
һС
λ׼˳ĩսú󣬻е˶
һ̣Ҷǳͻһ⣬ֱʧˡ
ڴǵһҿջҶǳı建۾ŴյǰëˣɵЦôǻֳ嵽˶
֣һֶûУȥͱˡëԷ˷۵
Ҳ̯̯֣Ȼûл֡
ǶǸողŽС磬СʵףҲμⳡѡģСģҲС۷壬ȻҲͺѻû֡
ҶǳҲ˵̫ˣ³Ҳֱ˰ɣһǣԯôĳţ治֪Щվڻ½۷ĳţжôֲǰ찡
Ϊ˶ͷο˺ֱܶ˺ܶ೬ţǵĴܴ
ǰǶǸԴţվ˸Դ۷壬ڻ½ȴǵ׵ģƿ֪
ҶСӣģľǿ󣬾ƾһ㣬֮ͬмǿġëЦ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷʶԯǿ֮ҲָֻԼ鹥ˡ
ﵽεľǷǳֲģǻ½ľǿģƾһУɨεĳš


1339 
ǣԯ塣
һľԯ軺Ŀ¶һĨʣҧҾȻˣСڴͬлûսܹҶǣ
ԯԺлĩսУҶǳսľ
ռ֮ƺû֮ôǿ֡ĻȴǷǳֲ
ԯкȻһĨţȻˣҵĽﵽ˾죬һԻ
ĽѾﵽ˰۷壬ľͻƵ죬ʱĽаյסҶǳ
ԯгġ

ǣ
Ŵа¶֮ɫҶǳСӾȻԯѾͷȥˣ
ҶǳԯսƵ
ţռ֮
ƵеҶǳʱͫһ̶ȻԭҾ˵ôЩ죬ǵӻǿչ·Сһû뵽Ȼ̤磬ǵõʥˡ
йâ˸漴ҡҡͷ
ˣѾʥϣûҪٿһСһġοСһѾ˾ӣǶ֣»鷳
ȻղҪȡҶǳʥϣܿͷˡ
Ҷǳӵݣ˼ɵˡ
ҲΪʲôҶǳҪľˣ˴ɽܰȫһЩ
ףõ˵һˡ
ڴʱһЦݵ˽Сδаһ
ǰĶӣзǳԺȴѵһǵĵһʲôܹŽǰͲˡ
ףģһǰСĿᶨ˵漴ǰĴаЩ˵ҲڹעҶǳһˣȻܹԯ裬Щ¡
ߣɲҪСˣǰûָ㣬ߴ·л½֮۷塣
ߵ
Сʱһ㶣漴ЦڿЦЩ˭վڻ½ŵ۷壿
ϸ룬Ӧ˵һռ֮Сһӻǿչ·½
ָҶǳ֣ߵСӣľﵽ˵Σ˻𣬸ռ֮˵츳жǿ
˻ȻСҶǳ˭ˣһۣ𾪡
԰ҪСκˡ˵
С˵ͷܽѵ漴̾ϧˣһע޷ΪףȻԳΪʥϣ
СиһĨȡ
һ֪Լڴʲô⣬ߵҪˣһľӣǲֵܶġ
ǲ֣ܳ˲Գ֡С۾ȻҶǳеʥϺܿ顣
֮ڳڣòҪҲ޷סĳͷ
׷İɣڳڶ֣һûôɵأ˵ҲԼԹԽҡС΢΢һЦ漴뿪
ҡҡͷԼӻЩ뵱ȻˣԷȻռ֮ôܻԹԽʥϡ
Ҳû⣬Ҷǳע޷ΪսҲµҶǳ

һҿջУҶǳڹۿԼϢ
Ҷǳ
ԱС
Ϊ
ְҵ߼ʿӵȼʿսͳ졢ͳ졢Ԫ˧Ԫ˧
ս0
ʼǼǵأǡ
Ҷǳϸۿţ󲿷Ϣûб仯ְҵȴǴӳʿΪ߼ʿˡ
ȻֻҪμӾѡûսҲһԼھĵȼѹôҪμһεľѡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
һԣëҲҶǳϢ仯ʱЦȻǸ߼ʿ˵ЩǰһǧģֻǽΪмʿѡ
ΪҶǰʮֻнǰʮŻΪ߼ʿСһ
̾һǾսˣľʿֻڻңսѾھ٣¿һʿˡ
˶Ҷǳеˡ

ڴʱҶǳյһϢ򿪹ۿëҲ˹
ӷϢ
ѡڶǽǶһǱսÿǶһˣʤͨˡвǰ۶ºѡʼ
ϢҶǳɵÿЦ£û뵽ʱôҵϳǰ۶ˡ
Ǿ۶Զǻɴ󣬶úķѺܳʱ䡣
ȥɣùǣǾڴǼչë˰֡
Ѿ̭ˣȻҲûʸǰ۶


1340 ۶
뿪ջҶǳ㾶ֱǰǵĴ㳡׼ǰĵ۶
ʱ㳡Ѿɽ˺ЩͨһֳˣȻյϢ׼ǰ۶
Ȼǿֵˣеˣ˴ǵĴ㳡
ҶǳȺһУ׼ɵ󣬱һӰͬһһ
ţ
Ҷǳüͷˡ
ȥ۶ɣһɣɡЩ죬һЦ㳯Ա߿ش˽һЩ
󣬴˲תͷҶǳЦҶ֣ҽղ̩Ӧ֪ɡ
ԭղ֣Ҷǳüͷһû뵽˾Ǵǵ󳬼֮һҲһδаĴڡ
Ҷ֣ӻǿչ·Ҿ;ŴһȻ鴫ԯѾͷˣղ̩Цĺܿġ
ҶǳЩڣ
㣬һŮѹͷҲῪġңѾͷԸѾʶˣЩǱһ
ղ̩ٺЦһεĳܣ䣬Ӯ
ǺǣҶǳݸǸԯ裬ȷǺԸ
ǰղ̩ǲ˵ƣҶǳҲͿûһӵܵİ
ңɴ󣬶ղ̩ɵҶǳѳһδ
һµĻɴڵִ˵۶
۶ҶǳʱܵһǿɨԼȫ£ǹɿֲѹһţ궼ڲ
ʥˣ
Ҷǳһ
۶ôҪĵطؿ϶ܣʱ̶ʥ˼ǿ߼ȫǡ
ÿ۶еޱ𺳣Աߴղ̩
Ҷǳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻ۶ϿգкܶһƵշζΧһʹ
Ļʹʾסĵط㿴Щػ˵ʹڻһʥ˼˵ЩŻĹžѪǻĹžĺᡣղ̩ʣһп
ĹžҶǳɻ
ղ̩ЦŽ͵Ĺžǻǿ壬˵̫ĹžһĹ뵶ǵ۵Ĵ֮һħսʱ䡣񣬻ĹžһѾûˣ¶ҲͷĹžĵһǿʹɢ˵Ҳǿϧ
ҶǳԷǳ𺳣û뵽Щͷô󣬽Ǻᣬô
ĻĹžжôֲ
λĹʵҶǳ͸޷ˡ
ڻϲѯ۵Ϣ˵һްܣɨ޵Уܹ֮ΪĴУǾվڻ۷Ĵ֮һ
߰ɣ
ղ̩Ҷǳղڵ۶һҶֲһȥɣҲʡҿջҪ֪۶ĿջΪǰڻԤԼĻƺҵõ
鷳ɣҶǳ
ղ̩ЦҶ۹ӣԺͶսѣʲô鷳ġ
ҶĳʹˡҶǳ˵ͷղ̩۸вȻԷĽύҲһλѡ
ϾһλѣͶһ·
ţţҶ֣һ𣬻ܻ۵ղ̩ʱɫһϲ
׼뿪㳡ʱһȻǱ
ղ̩Ҷǳû뵽ǾȻһ˵۶ʲôʱʶģô֪
һһŮһȻҲǸողŵִ۶
ŮȲĿĴڡ
ղ˵ģǸеġ
ǸŮģҶǳһ۾ϳˣǵܵԯ衣
Сԯ裬Ҳ˰ղ̩ˣʱЦ
Ҷǳ۾΢΢һУϸشһǰӣû뵽˾С
ĻֶҶ࣬˵ʵӦСҶǳ
ڴʱһ˫Ŀ⣬һҶǳ
Ҷǳһѡһ㡣ԯĿҶǳ
Աߵղ̩Ц˵ԯ裬οŶҶȲϣ˵Ҷˡ
ߣ㲻Ǽһʲôõġԯղ̩һۡ
ղ̩ٺЦҾǵģĽ
ߣøϻԯһת뿪ˡ
СؿҶǳһۣȻЦҶ֣пյĻһۣ
ãҶǳ˵ͷѻڴǣܹύСҲܹ޶ȵرЩѵİȫ


1341 
ղڵ۶ķһԺ䣬ֻ䣬мһƬյأһ󶦣ܼ򵥣ûҶǳе
ԭҶǳΪղĴ壬ڵ۶ӵеĸۡǳء
ƺҶǳĲ죬Աߵղ̩Ц۶ķǳţϾ۶ٴҲôڴ˶ӵʵ̫ˡ͵Ļ壬ռһС۶ЩʥȵȣôСһҲҸ׺ķ˺ܴģڵ۶򷿲ûйϵĻǮ򲻵
ţ
Ҷǳص˵ͷЩҸղ̩һˣȻĻƻҲջס
Ҷ֣ѡһɣﶼû˾ס۶ҾͲˣϢɡղ̩Ҷǳ˰֣漴Լһ˽ȥ
ҶǳҲһס¡
ӺҶǳ͵¼磬ëǷһϢԼѾ۶ˡ
Ҷǳ뿪ӡ
Ȼ˵۶ȻҪúùһ䡣
̧ͷеĻʹʺʥ˾סĵطҶǳҲֻܿһûʸȥġ
ڵ۶ĿֵϣҶǳòп۶ǵ۶ĶǿߣĶǴ
ң࣬Ҳ洦ɼ
Ϊ۶ĸۺܹ󣬹ڿջסһ죬úķһ˸еַá
ڵ۶һ仰š
⻰ǣڵ۶ԵǧҪ
Ϊܹڵ۶дͷģϾͨɳеڵ۶ķá
ԣҶǳһ·ϿûСЩЩ·Ϳ
ҶǳһλĴʮС࣬ǳɴ۾Щš
Ϊʮ͸ūһĴ˿Թԡ
ʥϲ
˵Ҳμ˾ѡе۶ھǧŰپʮǿǰһ
ʲôǿҲ۶ʲôطܹڵ۶ǰһѾеˡ
ǰǺ˳ǵĵһţ˵۶ǰһȥ

ԶСｻ̸
ҶǳĴǺηʥʥҲ˭󣬱Ͼʥ̫ˣ˵Ҳ࣬ýʥ˵õʥ˵ϿɣŻеλ
Ȼһʥ˶ϲ츳ܸߵЩû츳ģʥҲ⣬ϾˣҲͲô
ܹڵ۶ĵطǰһ츳ȷƱСǶ١
۶ĳǳزһڵ۶ֻ̫࣬ҪܹǰһܹͨһֵĿˡ
˶ֻǿǰһ۶жţ
Ҷǳܵ˾޴ѹ
ûеεľûгɳռºѺЩűȼ硣
һֱڽǶսڻеսҵ鹥ڿԶˡ
Ҷǳϲ
ĵƾ鹥ȻĻСԯǿ⣬ڵ۶ۡ
Ҫӱֻܿ鹥

ȻһϤ
ҶǳʱһȻͷһϤӰžϲЦݣӭ
޵УҶǳ۾һϲ
˾ȻǾ޵УǸڻǿչ·շǿߣҲǿ˽ǿߡ
Ҷǳû뵽ڵ۶޵У֪ˡ
ҾͲµμӾѡû뵽ѡ޵йЦһ۾ͿҶǳΪ˵Ȼռ֮Ҳס㡣
ˣѾûǿˡҶǳЦ
ٺ٣ϰˡ޵кٺһЦ漴ԺҶְɣˣأûһ𣿡
ڱչҶǳҡҡͷ漴⣬ʵ֮ǰĳΣ
Ȼǵһ޵аȻǷһֻһСǳأûʲôšҶ֣أǳصǼǵģ
ڴǵǼǵģڶûҶǳЦó޵еõʥصܴ࣬ɲ⣬Ǳ
ǰǿһǳأεĳܶ鹥ĻҶ϶ǵһ޵Ц˵
Ȼֱô꣬ɼǵҶǳ鹥Ŀ£ǲҶǳĵơ
˵ʵѾаջҶǳȴûӦҶǳ鹥
Ͼľôģÿ˶Ҷǳľ츳


1342 Ŀ
۶һҾ¥Ҷǳ;޵ԶһߺȾƣһġ
ڵλλڶ¥һȴ͸⣬Կֵӵ
డսʥһҿջҲŴӵ޵ип
Ҷǳһͬص˵ͷ
ˣҶ֣סûطĻȥ޵пҶǳ˵
ҶǳֵеطסڴǽʶһλӵܣĸиŵĵطͲòˡ
֪սʥڿ϶ֹ޵һˣ˲鷳޵С
ŶлĻʶһ£ܹϿɣ϶޵ЦЦ
ʶҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴޵дϢʵڻؾ֪٣
޵йâһȻԭΪ˽ؾξҲԣҪĻҪ񼶵ĲּĲϣ⣬ûСԣؾΨһѡ񡣡
Ҷǳߴٵٷϻ˵˵ɣսʥҲʥأҲؾӦ֪١
޵пЦҲһ֪Ĳ࣬Ҫ֪ؾֻʸȥսʥڵʷϣܹʸؾģһЩǿҿûʸǴ̽Ϣ
һϢҲû𣿡ҶǳЩʧ
޵ҡͷֻ֪Լֻ߽Уʥǲȥġ
ؾӦʲôܣϣ鲻õϢҶǳ̾
ڻϲѯǲûжٹڻؾϢֻ֪һ󱦵أ֮⣬Ϣ
Ҷ֣Ҵ㣬ҪؾѣʥҲֻһӣҲѻ޵пҶǳЦ
ҶǳȴţΪܹΪ´ͣδزһ
̫ˡ
޵ҡҡͷսȻʥ˲սǿԲսģǲܹɨİҲСʤĻǵÿЩǿ
Ҷǳ΢Ц޷ĽĹ˵ش
ԵȷﲻսһȺ˶һȺˣ鹥ʺȺսȫ԰ʤ
ҶǳţֻҪȵչ¶ǿ鹥ĸֻ߲Ҫǰ׳գ϶ῴսеá
ʱܹӮⳡսȡǶʮؾѵȡһ
ðɣ֪˵㣬ϣԳɹ޵пҶǳǼᶨĿ⣬֪Լ˵ˣ¿Цҡҡͷ
Ҷǳļʶͣڻǿչ·Ǹʱ
ԴӼսʥں󣬾޵ᵽ½ĺ嫣һεľѡƼҶǳĵڶֶδܹȥ˵ȡһؾˡ
Ҫ֪ÿһؾǳôóһһء
ؾĶһеĳǿߣһȥܹʲô
޵оҶǳΣҲٶȰ˴˶Ρ

ٶһ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ǰͨ˺ѣԺͨ绥ϵˡ
һʵǿˣԵøˣȻСңȵڶֵѡʼҾ۽磡Ǻǣ
ž޵ԶȥıӰҶǳɹȻһЦ
һֵĳ޷鹥ǵڶֵĽǶȴ鹥ɨ֡
Ҷǳţʱ򣬺ܶ˶һš
Ͼܹ磬ӵеεľڻ½ʷϣûмûгֹ

գҶǳСԼһҾ¥İ
СǳҶǳæ£Ц˵ղ̩סϰϰߵĻȥﳡش󣬻һЩţԻ۵
Ҷǳ΢ЦܣСƺЩͷЩ裬ϾǻûôϤ
Ҷ֣ռ֮ģҶԴҲЩ˽⣬ȻԽΪѾõʥ˰ɣƹѲСȻ˵
Ҷǳ۾һУСһһʥϣ̤硣
ҶֵãСЩĽ漴ҡͷϧˣߵռ֮Ҫ͵ӵ񼶵Ĳϣ⼸ܡҶ֣ȻЩǸֻһͣˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢üǰСƺµԷĿˡ


1343 ˺
С̸Ҷǳ˵Ҷ֣㲻ҪΪӾ˿ɽʵھ֮УֻǿɽֻгΪ֮ءҶ㣬ע޷Ϊֺαھ֮һڻأ
Слֱ˵ùĨǡҶǳѾµСĿˣЩ䣬ɫҲ
С΢΢һЦϸһĨȻ֮ɫŵѾﵽ˴۷壬Ϊ˲μεľѡͻƵˡҶԸ⽫ʥϽңҽ֮ҿ취ҵ£ʱĿɽİȫҲб֤
˵գСҶǳĿдһ⣺Ҷ֣Ϸ㣬˵ɱʥĶӣʥ׷ɱӵˡҲ֪Ҹ׵ԲѷɫĿɽҲͲõʥŵвˡ
Ҷǳ۾ССǰҵĵϸĺ
Ҷ֣ɢ޵ӿɲùһɽڻ½ңڣϣҶܹʶʱΪܡ
СһƣһҶǳĿгţ·Ѿ϶Ҷǳ᳼
лСĿҶǳվֱӳȥСһۡ
Ҷǣ
Сɫһ䣬ĿҶǳıӰɫûǸ꣬ÿ˶ôʴȣһΪԱסʥϣϢûдȥϢȥе鷳
Сǣ˭ҵʥϣҾɱ˭Ҷǳ˵Ѿ˾¥ᡣ
Բѣ
СɫѿضҶǳıӰɭȻСӣȻ㾴ƲԳԷƣǾơ

˶˶
Ҷǳصסɫ
ǵСǵԼӵʥϵϢҪ¶ģЩûʥϵ˵ֱһ޴ջ
ЩɢеûʲôԴȻҪ뾡һвȡʥϡ
ˣһ¼ǡ
ȻҶǳѸٵ¼磬ϵëǡ
Ϊ˷ϵëЩ˲ûȫչأһֵأΪ˷ϵҶǳ
˷ֵصΪյҶǳϢǳɻ󣬲ɵûѶΪҪ뿪ǡ
ʦǳĶСˣΪ˷ֹвң뿪ǣȥĳǳȥЩϵõĳǳؾסҶǳ˵
ΪҲǰ׳գ˲Ҷǳ˼ھҶǳۣһСץסǣҶǳͲò־ܡ
ϾҶǳӵݱΪǿûУֻһȺɢޣɱ˶û˸ǳͷ
İɣϽǣϾ뿪ǡΪһ䣬㽫չصë˽ѡ
һ˼̾͸ϵ㳡ȥ
յѾ뿪ǵϢҶǳ˿
ˣ
Ȼ
ҶǳѾӦղ̩ɵЦղ֣ɡ
Ҷ֣ղ̩ƿţһЦݵ˽
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ûʲô飬ҴһϢղ̩Ϊص˵
ŶҶǳ¶֮ɫ
ղ̩СյϢ˵ܹͨڶֿˣָ߼ʿΪս֪֮ܲĲ࣬Ҫ֪ʿֻڻңÿսʿࡣսȴǿͳ˧һʿս£µʿǰ棬ǵʾʹˡ
ҶǳԵ˵ͷ˵ʿȷڻң治֪ЩΪʲôҪ³ΪڻҰװ
ٺ٣ΪǶԼģԼĥ꣬ΪսΪ棬ѡƴ
ղ̩ЦҲã˾ѡһ죬Ϊսǵȥξǿˡȥξ˵ûл۵սͱڻˣǰˡ
ҶǳһֵĿˣÿһǶһˣֻһ˿ͨˣǳпᣬղֿҪú׼
ٺ٣İɣаֿͨˡղ̩ȴһš
ţҶǳؿ治֪һţϾģã˵䵽һǿߵĶ飬Ǿˡ
ֻղ̩˹Ҷ֣Ҫ֪˵ĵط棬ĵطͻиܡ
Ҷǳؿղ̩
ղֻ̩ε˵˹ϵ˺ܴۣҿԿ϶һᱻ䵽һһЩĶ飬Ӯˡ
ҶǳȻ򣬸һֿ˲ߺŰ鵰¸ܡ


1344 ڶֿʼ
ܣ޴ڰ
Ҷǳɵø̾
ӣղ̩ٺЦҶ֣㿴ÿǳضһǧʵϣǰʮľŰʵҲˡǳأǾʵҲĴ΢¸һ°ŵڶֿ˵٣һûиֵĽǶ׾ٵͨڶֿˡ
ղ̩һߵҶ֣ҿǺķһǧڵҲôҿ԰߹ϵ
ô˵ҶǳɢǸòһǧڵģҲ˵˵ѡ
һǧڵ
ҶǳЦҡͷмڵأټʮɵƵʮڡ
ȵ˵ղ̩һӵܣЩʥδС
֮УЩҶǳҲΪԼĵ١
õ¸٣Ҷǳô
ڶֿˣ˭Ҷ޾塣Ҷǳ뵽
ֻҪԶ鹥ĽмԵס
ҶǳҲɵͳȥڶֿ˶ûһѶȡ
գҶǳֱӾܾлղֵĺˣһɢޣҲòһǧڵֻܿԼˡ
⻰ղ̩֮УЦ˵ûϵҶֻҪ̫Կͨڶֿˡ
ˣȴΪҶǳͨؿˡ
Ϊһ¸ٵ̫ˣЩ˶䵽ûǿߵĽǶôһЩǿߵĽǶֻҶǳˡ
ȻҲǾԵģҶǳܺã˵ܹһûǿߵĽǶֻּʿ϶С
Ҷ֣ȥһºټղ̩ӻ֣תȥ
ҶǳҲ۾ޡ
һµʱת˲š
ڶ־ѡڿʼˡ
ͨڶֳߣյڲϢ
Ϣݺܼ̣ҲĪϴԼĿǰڵ۶ľסַҪϸַȻڼҵȴ
Ҷ֣ҲյϢ˰ɣղ̩Ӹ˹Ҷǳ
ҶǳָǰĻϵϢ˵յϢЩĪֻϴַͰĵȴ
˵꣬ҶǳϴԼľסַĵַղ̩һ
ȵȿɣҪͶղ̩ո˵꣬Ժ㴫һص
Ҷǳղ̩ǵĲʸƵˣ
Ҷǳղ̩æԺ⡣
Ժſڣ֪ʱѾһλʿҲ磬Ҷǳղ̩ЦλǵĲʸƣ
˵꣬ʿҶǳղ̩һһƣһɫķֽ
Ҷǳղ̩еĶɻ
ֵܣǸʲôõģղ̩ɵʵóһЩ˹ȥóǰҲʿ
ʿѸٵµϵЦݶʱˣǳظҶǳղ̩͵ʸǽǶƾ֤ںռ䴫󷨣ֻҪǽ飬ͻᱻͽǶ
ǺöܹϽǶ󷨣ڹؼʱһΣӶסǵһʹҲͻᱻԶͳǶǵĿʧˡ
ſʿĽͣҶǳղ̩۾һֽȻһΣǺö
ⶫŲã˵Ժܹסһղ̩̲ס˵
ʿЦõֵܣղû˵ϽǶ󷨲ܷãڽǶУûһô˵ֻǰƷֻЩʥƣôܻЩʿ
˵꣬ʿת뿪ˡ
ղ̩һʧ˰ԭһƷ׸ˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦЩ棬ǰƷҲ˵Ʒ
ǿǺöؼʱ̱סǱ
Ҷ֣Ƚȥˣͨ˿ˣһ١ղ̩ܿͻָ飬תͷҶǳЦ
Ҷǳͷףһ˳
Ҳǣղ̩һЦ漴еĲʸƣʱһɫâƿնȥ
ҶǳеĲʸƣ΢΢Цһս֮󣬻ҾҪ۶ˡ
˵꣬͵һգǿʱеơ
һ̣һɫâӿֳҶǳΪģӵȫ£˶档
ৣ
ѿҶǳɫŴȥ
ͬʱڵ۶ĸطɫ֡
ڶ־ѡʼϢҲ۶
һЩȤߣ׷״򿪻磬ֻҪһܿƵֱ
ȻЩշѵĵЩûаëǮĹϵ


1345 ȫ
һϵĽǶУһɫų֣Щɫ֮Уһ
Ҷǳ֮һ
ǽǶ𣿡ϵɫʧҶǳ߳Χ죬ǰǶ
Ƕǳɰˣ涼ŸߴĳǽǽûţƷг·һûݶӡ
ңҶǳϸۿΧǽķģһЩǿ߶Խƻ
ʱһɫŰһ߽Ƕһһ߱һá
˶˴˾裬׷һλӣĿⲻϵΧ۲֣ԵС
Ҷһս𵥶ԵսΣա
ôСս͸Σˣʱʵȱǿ졣
ԣ˿̴ҶСع۲죬˭Ҳûȳ֡

Ȼк
˶Եһ㶡
漴һسȵǶڶֿ˿ʼֻһ˿ͨˣ󻹻ŵ˱ʤߡ
Զͫһ
Ѿ֪ϢǵʱɲЩź͵ǡ
ֻһʵ̫ˡ
һЩʵǿ󣬶Լŵˣ˿̶ܽţ˿⡣
ܹһ
ܹɨˣǱֵҲɵӣ϶㡣
ԣһʱ䶼û˸ȳ֣ڵȴ
ǶǾĵģǳİһҲװһһ
ȿȣ
ȻһⰲޱȵĽǶǳ
ৣ˵Ŀ⣬һӿ˹
Ե˹Ҷǳӭ˵Ŀ⣬һǸλǸˣҪˡ
Ļм̲סЦˡ
СӣڸЦ𣿡
Ҫ־Ͷ֣Ű
Сӡ

һЩжˣʼҶǳ
ҶǳҲøǷֻǿشкϾܹͨһֿ˵ˣߣ˵ͷܴ󣬴кҲܹһЩ鷳
¡¡
ȵĻ˲ʹҶǳӳȥ֮ͽǶסˡ
Щɫ䡣
⡭ǻ𣡡
ãҵʵ߳ɣ
Ҳǣ
ôܣ

ʱڽǶ
Щ߿ҶǳĿ⣬ˣ𾪣о֣Թ
λɱ˴еĶɱҶǳ
ҶǳȴѾʩչĽױԼεľǧŰپʮŰĽһûзŹκһߡ
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ľǿҶǳ鹥ӿ£ʹǷѳǧŰپʮŰĽаɱЩ
Щ֮У˵ľﵽ˵Σܹסһ
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ֻڻУЩҶǳĴǣһͫȻͻһâʧԭء
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գ֮䣬Ҷǳж֣ΪǶΨһһŵˣҲʤߡ
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ţ
Ҷǳüͷȵιͨ˰ɣ
Щ֣ôû֪ͨͨˣѵҪһֱɵվȵ˽
ȿȣȻһ𣬸֮ǰҶǳЩơ
ֻǶϿգһâ˸¶һӵӰҶǳһε˼û뵽СӮô죬ղûзӦ
ǵģղˡ
Ͼ˭뵽Ҷǳ֮ͽж֣Ҫ֪ĽǶڶûпأҶǳȴѾӮˡ
Ŀã¶š
ǰ
ҶǳһλһǴæӦͨ˰ɣ
ȻǶϿյһЦݣЦ˵ǶֻʣһˣȻͨ˿ˡ
һ߻شҶǳ⣬һ߲ѯҶǳϢ
ΪһԲѯҶǳϸϢҶǳϷʥŵ飬鵽ˡ
ȻҲ֪Ҷǳǵһʱռ֮š
ԭ
û뵽СӲ츳ľôֲľѾﵽ˵۷塣
ϧ̾һţȴռ֮

ӿҶǳĿʱͬ


1346 Ԫ˧
Ҷǳϲ㣬Ѿ˳ͨ˵ڶֿˣȥĵȴֿ˼ɡ
ӻ˻֣һƬɫâͽҶǳȥ
һ˵ĽǶӿЦһ£̾û뵽СӾȻܹߵ磬ܹɢ޵ҵʥϽҲǲˡֻվ޷ϧ̫ϧˡ
δ䣬ӱ㻯һѤ⣬ʧڽǶϿա
һ޴Ĺǰ¶ǰĹһɫԹ湪Ԫ˧Ӻ˳
洫һϵ
Ӻ˳ʱ߽
ڹڣϥһӣ˫趯һ߽ɫâŨҺˮһ߹Ӱ´£ӳﾰ
һĻǳֲ
κ˶Ҫ𺳡
Ҫ֪֮УܹҲޡ
ˣѾԲ磬ͺֲܿˡ
Ҳ˵Ѿﵽ˴ļ£ֻҪںܳʥ
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ǰλԪ˧ĺܾ塣
ȻǶǴǺӺ˳ǳǰλԪ˧ֻҪһУܽɱ
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ͬʱҲһεľѡ١
ʥ˵ףںϵȴѣ˵ĹȻûսֿǰĺӺ˳µĵɽ˴˼µꡣ
ӣѾѽâ͹ӰԲ磬ҪںϣȴһһϦ԰쵽顣
ս̾ںֵʵ̫ˣλԪ˧񶼱硣һʥɲôףǵĻ̫ˡ
Ӻ˳Ц˵Ԫ˧Ļ۲ˣֻһֻҪˣˮɡοʱҲ˵ˣȵؾλԪ˧һؾͻõʥ
㼪ˣսЦЦ漴ʵ㲻ֵڶֿôôͻˣѵˣҼǵòŸոտʼɣ
ûأӺ˳ЦһǶѾˣĽǶûпء
ţս¶֮ɫ˵ĽǶûп򣬾ѾһǶˣСǲǿſˣҲý
Ӻ˳һЦȷǿ˺ţҲǺģٶῪţ׬һʵҶղսλԪ˧Ҳ⡣
յĿɻս֣Щ˵ξѡǹƽ
ЩһεţսǾͲˣҲ⡣
ϾôӴ󣬵һε̫ˣȻ̫ء
Ԫ˧ԩˣҿɲҿſôԣϾⳡֱģôڿţĸסӺ˳æ˵
սֵ˵ͷǰƵֱ˭ڿ֮ף
ЩŵĿ٣ҲǰףѽǮĲߣ䵽ЩһЩĽǶͨ˵Ļʹˡ
ս֮УƵֱ˭Ҳҵװ
ǵô£Ƕͨ˵Сһ˭ʲôݣʵôǿǼǿţҲôɡսֶʱˡ
Ӻ˳˻֣򿪻磬ҶǳǶս̣ͨĻչڻսֵǰ
һսĺܿ죬ҶǳǷųȻͷųĽͺɨвߡ
ףȻǻ𣬶һγ򣬴ӵЩ츳սֿҶǳͷų֮󣬶ʱ۾һ޵
ЩĪ䣬ɫһ䣬ŵͨ鹥ôô鹥ľﵽʲôΣ
ĽӰΣ˭Ҳ
ǻսֱϾǸ֣Ȼ鹥
𾪵ǣôĴȻҶǳ鹥ɱˡ
ľﵽ˵۷壡Ӻ˳˵


1347 
۷徳ľ
ս𾪣жһĨĽ֮ɫܹӵ˿µľӵ츳жǿǲ󰡣λͽܣ
ǿߣľ϶Ҷǳ
Ԫ˧ӦʶӺ˳鸴ӵ˵
ŶսֿӺ˳Щȣʶ
Ҷǳӻǿչ·ߵռ֮Ԫ˧Ӧ˵ɡӺ˳˵
ʲô
ռ֮
սֶʱüͷһ۾ĻеҶǳãһź̾˿
ϧ̫ϧˡ
սҡͷû뵽ȻǴӣǵõӿһʱû뵽ľ츳ôߣ̫ϧˡ
Ӻ˳һͬصͷǰ̫ϧˣСһҲǾˣȻƾԼҵʥϣ硣
ս̾ϧҲֹֻˣҪ磬͵Ҫ񼶵ĲϡּĲϣʱ£ҲǼ̲ӵУһССҲûõʱ¿
ⲻܣӺ˳ҡͷ񼶱ĲǺεʱԳΪǿǶʱҲûáʥ޷ʱµۡ
սֵ˵ͷ̾СһҲֹֻˣ鹥пǿġ
Ԫ˧
Ӻ˳ЦҲĿģӵ鹥ǳֲóȺս֮пһĴ
ս۾һҶǳ鹥ȷһҪսһʹúˣ
ңľΪôߣǿ߶ЧӺ˳˷ֻܵܶһЩˣǵİҲܴ󡣡
ս۾Ŀ˼鹥óŵ˵սֻҪ˱סͿ鹥ȥЩжԵʹ֮ʵ
Ļ򣬾ҵȽУҲᱻһʵӺ˳˵
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ôͳˣӦǱ̭ˡԶһЩ·ҶǳͻȻ֣֪ҶǳҲξѡĲߡ
ڵڶֿ˲ŸտʼҶǳͳˣǾҶǳ̭ˡ
ҶǳҡͷһЦûᣬƿԺţصԼӡ
Ҷǳϵ¼ľڲ磬ԼϢ
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ְҵмսӵȼʿսͳ졢ͳ졢Ԫ˧Ԫ˧
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˵ͨڶֿˣֻܽΪս𣿡
ҾȻ
Ҷǳš
ܿҶǳԭ
ΪӸһϢ
Ҷǳսϲͨڶֿˣչ涨ͨڶֿ˵ʮˣӵȼмսڴŬӺ˳
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ҶǳһȻϢӺ˳ģӦӸ߲㡣
ԱߵĻ羫СҶǳʵСҲһӺ˳Ϣ
Сʱ˵ˣӺ˳еһλԪ˧ΪǴ۷壬ڴԪ˧ս¡ξѡɻսִԪ˧֣ˣӺ˳Ԫ˧ڶֿеһλ١
ԭǺӺ˳
ҶǳԺжʱֲǰǶϿǸӵӰ
û뵽ԷȻһλԪ˧ǿǴ۷弶ĴڣһеٮٮߣϾһĴ۷ǿҲԪ˧λá
⣬Ҫ㹻ıûǿı֮޷ΪԪ˧ġ
ϾԪ˧ְλѾܸˣǲ˵ļϸɢ޸ûΪԪ˧ֻڣõϿɵĴӵܣԪ˧
εľѡӦǸεѡҲֻᱻѡΪͳ죬Ԫ˧
ѾĹעˣҶǳ뵽
֮УϾֻҪ鹥ͻĿ
֮УľΪ̫ˣԽʥ˱ȼ硣


1348 ʵս
ˣ˧㣡
Ҷǳ˼֮ʣԱߵĻ羫С˵
˧磿ҶǳһûзӦðβЦǼ簡Ͻӹ
˧ë½֡
ৣ
Ա߶ʱ۳ëӰһҶǳʱЦϲҶСӣҶˣСӵĽ֮ͺɨЩˡϧֱ̫ˣȻ϶䶯
ȻëҲڹۿҶǳֱ
ҶǳЦʵǶֵֵǳأ
ǶءëЦھŽǣ۶ҲԶˣĻһݾܸϵ۶
ţŽһǳأ۶ҲͲõСʲôֽˡҶǳͷ
ֻҪԶ˴ǣͲСвˣ˵ëǾ۶Ҳһʲô飬Ҳܹʱϵ
ëƤһʱ䣬Ҷǳ˳˻磬ޣȴֵĿˡ
ҶǳЩǣȴһ£ŵȵղ̩֣û뵽ڶֿ˻ôá
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û˵ԼǵһͳˣȻĻղ̩ᱻ
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ղ̩ԵúƣϾҪɱǶˣûҶǳ鹥ԼɱȻۡ
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ǵеκһˣƶղ̩š
ˣӺ˳Ԫ˧㷢˵ֿ˵ϢڴʱԱߵĻ羫С˵
ͬʱǰĻϣѾ˺Ӻ˳Ϣ
Ҷǳս־ѡǽʵսˡ
ʵս
ҶǳʱһʵսҲʹʣ͡
ֻǲ֪ĵ˭
ҶǳǰĻ
ǰǷһħѨ̽飬ǷħѨħǿħҲСΣÿΪʵս˵ĵص㡣
һµ׼ʱ䣬һºǽᱻħѨÿɱһħɻһ֡ÿɱһСħɻʮ֡ÿɱһħɻһٸ֡ÿɱһСħɻһ֡
˽󣬻ǰһǧӵȼһǰʮӵȼʸտˡ
ϢԴ˽
Ҷǳ֮󣬲ɵһЦݣⳡ˶Һƣҵ鹥óȺɱħ˭ɱÿ죿
ҶǳԼֽǰʮӦû⣬ĻľӵȼͻΪͳ졣
ͳ죬ľ֮УѾڸ߲ˣͳ˧һֱӡ
أ

Ҷǳһ֪ղ̩ϾԺӣֻ˾ס
ղ֣ɡҶǳ˵
ղ̩ƿŽҶǳһЦҶҲյϢ˰ɣ㻹Ǵ²Ȼôɣһ㶼е𣿡
ΪʲôҶǳɻؿղ̩
ղ̩һ㶣漴˵Ȼǵֿ˰ֿˣǵ̫СˣֻЩӵܲơЩʥ˼壬ǼʥˣǰʥƵĸһһȣǻõĻֿ졣
ʥƵҶǳ㶵Ҳһֱӱ˭ʥ˸ˣʲôƽԡ
ƽҶ֣ڿЦ𣿱ˣҿߺŲͨ˵ڶֿˡղ̩Ц
Ҷǳ̾ˣֻһһˡԼ鹥ǺĵģʥҲδرȵ鹥
Ҷ׼μֿˣղ̩һؿҶǳˣΪҶǳֿ֪˵Σա
ȻҶǳͷ漴һȻؿղ̩ʵ㲻׼μӣ
ѾȨˡղ̩ҡͷ֪ԼʵܹΪսߺţﻹҲμӵֿˣҪ֪ʵս˵ģҲûôɵ
ҶǳûȰ˵˸־Ҳǿˡ


1349 ħѨ
һµʱתۼڶֿһʿҶǳʸơ
ֻһΣûˡ
ϾһβڽǶħѨ֮Сǿߣû᲼󷨣ְƷҲûˡ
ȻƷõģֵֻ̫ɲЩߡ
Ҷ֣ףһ·˳硣
Ҷǳյʸƣղ̩һɫӵ˵
ΪţҲ뿼ˣʹ˳
Ҳ֪Լʵǿμӣܻܿ
Ҷǳղ̩ʵ˳ˣӦϾҪǰ˰ɣ
֪ͨѾˣҺܿҪǰְղ̩˵ͷ
˳˿ˣͲǲߣһսˡ
Ժ䡭Ҷǳղ̩
ղ̩Ҷǳ˼Ц˵ûˣʱסˣԺ󷨵ĿȨ
˵꣬ͽԺ󷨵Ŀĸ֪Ҷǳ
ԺӵȨҲҶǳԺӣҶǳֿܹͨ˵Ļôӵȼ϶Ҫߣ˵ԺҪҶǳչˣȻֵøҶǳá
лղ֡Ҷǳæл۶ûһŵĵطջҲ
Ҷ֣Ǿղ̩Ц
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ʸƣһ⣬ʧ֮С
ղ̩Ҷǳʧĵطҡͷһ̾Ҷɢޣռ֮ѹأҪƴѽϣԳɹɡ
ͬʱ۶֮طҲɫâʧ
ֿ˿ʼˡ
һʵսˣ޷ƵֱҲֻܹۿа񣬿˭Ļߡ
ûж˹עҶǳΪڵʮ֮Уۡ
ǶڹעЩʥ

ڰռ䣬صĴϣһ֧֧ħѲţһħͳ˧ʮħ
ǵ£֪ж̧ͷգڰĵصףûһ˿⡣
ħǲ֪ס˶£Ѿϰ˺ڰһѲӣһġ
ԴӴ۱̫նɱ֮ħֻܵأʲôʱһͷħ̾
˭д۵Ҫֻ磬ħúõĲҪ֣Լˣǡħ
ħ£ħǶҲپηˡ
պŹɣڻһŵĵط˵ܶħѨǿ߷֣Ȼͱˡ
ⱲԸǻصħ硣
綼ȥˣħ磿ɣ

ЩħǶܱۡ
ڻ½ֻĴأżԣõı½ǿ߷֡
ӹĵ
ৣ
Ȼһɫâںڰĵص׳֣Եޱȵҫۣ˲˸֧ħĿ⡣
ţ
ж
ȥ

֧ħ鳯ɫâ
ʱҶǳҲɫâ֮߳һ۱ޱߵĺڰѲѾȥ
ʱЩϹħ飬ĸӦ֮С
ͬʱҶǳҲ֣ǵصס
ħѨصĻڵصףѹôòű֡ԣСı˷ˣӶ¶ħѨ
Ҷǳ뵽
ͬʱĽѾĴ߶֮£һĽϢشЩϹħ֮С
Щħ̫ˣûһҽ𣬾ȫĽɱˡ
ϣʱֻħʬ塣
ţ󲿷ֶǵֻмСŸҼʮ֡ҶǳԼĻһʱʧ
Ÿտʼ
Ҷǳȫ̽⴦ħѨ̽ȥͷ⴦ħѨܴ󣬸߼ʡ
ǣҶǳ֮̽У˺üۼħľݵ㡣ǽһǳأס
ʼɱʱ̣
Ҷǳʱ۾һһħǳظ飬ٶȺܿ죬ڵص׸С
һҶǳٽħǳأҪǣֱӴ߶Ľ
ৡ
һĽϢ֮䣬ɱųڵħ
һΪ̫ˣԺܶħлᷢȵȡ
ɸı䲻ǱɱˣǵǿҲֻǴסҶǳĽֱӾͱɱ
һǳأҶǳĻѸһӾͳ嵽˻аǰʮߡ

ʱڵ۶һڣԪ˧սֺԪ˧Ӻ˳ڹۿĻа
һ۾Ϳ˳嵽˵ҶǳɵһЦ
Ȼǵ֮С


1350 ξ
ĻְϣҶǳǳҫۣνĿעа֪
Ҿ֪СӺܿܽǰʮսЦ˵
ΪԪ˧صعۿаʵǳҶǳȥġ
ĻĵλʵôܻһЩ
Ҫ֪Ԫ˧ɶڹעЩĿˡ
Ӻ˳ʱҲЦ鹥óȺҲó̽飬һֵĿˣ󣬿Ҫ˶ãռݻаһ
δأ
սȴҡͷҲڶʱռݵһҪ֪ɱһλСħһ֡ȻܹɨΣȴɱһλСħЩʥɶǴʥƵɱСħ׾١ʱЩ˵Ļ֣϶ᳬԽ
Ӻ˳Ե˵ͷЦûȣЩһãʥ˸ӮŹ֡
ǺǣλãֻоŸʥ뿼ˣã˵ԼڵʮһҲտˡսЦ˵

ͬʱڴаҶǳҶǳҲ˺ܶ˵Ĺע
ϾǰʮʸտˣԹע˾̫ˡ
ߣڹעѡĸεİ񵥡
Ҷǳһӳ嵽˵ȻĿ
һ˭λʥ˲²⣬ǿҲֻʥ
󲿷˶Ҷǳʥ򲻿ܳǰʮ
Ȼ˹ҶǳϢ֮˶ˡ
ֻһɢޣȻͳ嵽ǰʮ
ңɢ޵Ϣǳ𺳣Ȼǵһʱռ֮ߡ
˲䣬Ҷǳˣߵִ֪
ߣҶǳĴ
Ϸʥţ֪ҶǳϢ
ţСӾȻӵȥμӾѡʥŵ֮бѣӵ¼磬ҵа
ʱҶǳĻѾ嵽˴аĵλѼʥﶼԽˣ۷׷ס
ôܣ
ͫһ
ľѡȻϷҲھоѡΪһʥصȻҪѡг嵽ǰǺεȵļѡ
ʥžûõ
οҶǳԽ˼ʥ֪а涯ֽţҪаĹˡ
СӻܹڵģȻܵȥμӾѡһߵһѾΪмսпܻΪ߼ս
ɵüͷ
ҶǳֻһʿĻǻܼ򵥣ɸȥɱ
Ǹ߼սеĵλѾܸˣʥɱս϶ưոݡ
־ްԣʥһǧӣҲȥǡ
Ȼﲻ֣ܶҪսսɱҲûʥˡ
۾뵽ﺮ˸
ɱ֮𲻹죬Щһ춼޷ǣʱ̶λɱҶǳ
ȿϷξѡĴԪ˧˭
ڻѯ
ҪɱҶǳ͵ȽϷľ֮УϷľѡѾʼˣѾû취ˡ
ȻϾһʥصزλԪ˧εľѡһӡ
˵ʥϷľӣϷӮⳡսϷӭܻὫ֮⡣
ԭǳӰԪ˧һλ˲õǿߡŻʾǿϢɵһɫ
ΪʥǴ۷弶ĴڣܹضԴˣʥ֮⣬ҲǼԪ˧ˡ
ЩԪ˧ǴǿĴڣʥ֮ǿĴڡ
ţԭʥŵʲô飿
ȻһӰǰ¶ȻֻһӰƷǳֲɢǿѹеļ¡
ǴԪ˧
һݣæЦ˵ӰԪ˧ĳҪӣΪϷһѾûٱ֪Ԫ˧ܷ᣿
ŶӰȤؿһϷŰ˵ʲôʱôˣ˵ɣΪʲô飿һʥص˵ԭҲø㿪š
ƲƲ죬ҲûҶǳ飬ֻҪϷԸ̽Ȼ


1351 һ
֪סӰԪ˧㽫ԼҶǳĳԹһһ
Ҷǳ
ӰԪ˧֮ЩҶǳǺηʥȻڵһλʥ֮󣬻ӵȥһμľѡ
ܹɵͨξܱҵǺ棬ҶǳСһǺηʥ
ӰԪ˧һЦţһߵ¼磬ѰҶǳϢ
ʱҶǳѾһѾѳˡ
аһ
ӰԪ˧Ϣʱе㲻ţѡĴа
ʵʤ۱磬Ҷǳֵȷ߸߹ڴаһλ
ôܣ
ӰԪ˧ɵÿɵȷĳˣ
ʱҲЩ㶣û뵽һҶǳȻѾ嵽˴һ
ҶǳϢѾ̽ˣͷСӣ˵ġ
ӰԪ˧һ漴ѯҶǳϢ֪Ҷǳռ֮󣬾͸ľˡ
Ȼһ˲áӰԪ˧Ҳɵ̾
ɫ̫ÿߵ츳ͷѰ·ѣռ֮ע޷Ϊ
˵Ĳ
ӰԪ˧˵ͷЩϧ漴ɻһɢޣܹ嵽аһ֪аǰʮʥѳ֣ӵʥƵ˭ܱȵùǣһЩСЩʥǰᱻɱ
ҡͷҲ̫СӵʵȷھͬףѼʥ档պãʱһλʥʥ֮УЩʥѹƵͬһ磬ɱ
ʹѹƵ磬ʵҲһԿģӵȷռ֮ģֱܹҲӰԪ˧
ӰԪ˧ʵԪ˧֪ǷܹҼӣ
ȻӰԪ˧Ц˵ǿ߼룬ϷսʤĴİվ͸ˡҲӵĹأǽɵġǲֹսϻɱҶǳСһؾӵļɣΪҪ۾ӡֻڲӰս£ܻɱСӡ
û⣡˵ͷ漴˵ҲһȲСλԪ˧£ϣܹҶԸλԪ˧
ãӰԪ˧ûгɾͬˣϾⲻӰ쵽Ǿӵ档
ĿͳӰԪ˧ʧкէ䣬ŴаϵҶǳ֣ɭСӣܹƵԳֶԸ㣬ҲĲԩˡ

صףħѨ
ҶǳûĴ˸ֹĸ쵰ڱңѵʥţˣڻ½Ҳʥˣɱ֮𲻹죬ʥŵǿ϶Źҵġ
Ҷǳ漴ѯС֪ԼڵĻһȻһγͷˣʥŵѾ֪ҵˡ
ҶǳҲûеģͨοˣľӵȼͻ
мսͳ졣
ľ֮Уͳ֮󣬾Ͳٻֳм͸߼ˡ
ͳֻ֮дͳ죬ٵԪ˧ԼյĴԪ˧
ԣͳ׼Ѿеĸ߲㡣
Ҷǳţһ֮Ժ˭Ҳϻɱˡ
˭һɱӵһλͳ죬ǻǵڸսʥҲֻһʥأﲻȻ
οʥμӣҲ֪мǿ϶ɱħҵüԣסܵǰʮ
Ҷǳ˼һ֮󣬱ɱħ
ҪõͳְλڴаǰʮУһǰʮĿ֮·Ҳͽˡ
ţǰȻһСħ
ȻҶǳ۾һ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Сħ£֮ʥŵС
Сħ϶һʥصС
οĻħĿڻ֮УСӳʵޡ
ӦÿԵסĹڵľҲ˵ڣҪ˼Ľ϶ɱ
ҶǳԼĺܴ
ϾڵľǰǿĽȻҲ͸ǿˡ
ݣҶǳӿٶȣǸСħڳǳطȥһظӦǸСӰ
ûз˵ĽѾȥ
ɱ
Ҷǳһ
Ľ֮߶˼ޡ


1352 նɱ
ţʲôˣ
֮еһСħڸܵ̽ӵʱ򣬲ɵþ˫ֻ۾ĺ⡣
һ̣ͬˮһ̽ӳȥСħʱͷ˳ǳزԶҶǳ
Ҳڴʱܵ˾޴ΣһѵͷϿգɭɱ⣬ֱȫë
á
СħʱһӾ뿪˶ΣвûʧԽԽӽˡ
ѵ鹥
Сħͫһµ鹥
ûʲôô޷鹥ֻܽԱ
䣡
ĽЯƥķâһӾͳСħķشꡣ
ͣСħѪɫޱȲ԰ףֱš
ôôǿ
ĵ׺Ȼ
ʱղŵΣˡ
СħԶҶǳɱ䣺Բ֣Ҿˡ
£֪Է鹥ǰӣҶǳȥ
ͬʱϢСħ
ȻлǿɱˣǾ˵⴦ѨѾ¶ˣǱӡ
ţһܽشʮΣҾܽնɱ
ԶҶǳңңעǸСħԼĽħɵƣʱ¶˿ĵЦݡ
Ȼľﵽ˵ڣĽ֮ǰǿˡ
ҵķܹ¾ǴҵĶ֡Ҷǳ뵽
Ȼǿ󣬵ľϣСǿ˶٣һĽ
ǴĹ̫ǿˣһܽɱҶǳ޷ɱǰû취Կġ
ۣ
ڴʱԶСٶѪȻܵҶǳĽ
СħûܣҶǳ
ЩϧҪҶǳһš
ٴʩչĽͬʱ߶򣬳ǰӳȥ
ȰĽĹ֮ǸСħͱˡ
֮УСħʵ˺ܶ࣬ٶȸǱ
áȻƿ˻𣡡
Сħڿ־ˣͫкȻ
ʼˣ֪ҶǳܹٿػԲ
Ϊڰ鹥֮󣬾ܳ嵽ҶǳǰҶǳһɱ
ΪóҶǳֻһһܹסȻǲܵģ
ڣӣ嵽Ҷǳǰʱ»ð鹥
ʱأټϻʵɱҶǳ
СħԼԼܲõʱҪѾˡ
أֱٶȣưѲҶǳֻĸ졣
ȫһҪɱ
СħҧҧȻϵȼٳҶǳ
֪ԼֻһĻᣬһʧˣôı
ţȼ𣿡
ҶǳһʱܵǸСħȼ΢΢¶ЦݣϧΪͨ𣿡
δ䣬ҶǳѾռһɱСħ
ţȻҳˣСħɵ۾һΪҶǳ̫ˣȻɱΪˣɱ
úãһûãԼ춼ڳȫҡСħдЦӿٶȳҶǳ
ռ
Ҷǳ絶һ貵Ĺâ
βսеģԼġ
ʥԽڼӲĳ̶ϣѾԽ
ټҶǳռͺֲܿһɨźɨǧ֮ƣһƬ嫵Ľضûˡ
¡¡
ǸСħҲȫȼԼǿӭҶǳռ
ɵסռľâǳҵĽѪɣŶĽٶȽش
ͣ
СħѪѾˣҶǳʵôǿټǿֲ鹥Ѿˡ
øϢ
СžԼԽԽҶǳûҪܣǰҶǳϢħ
һƬҫ۵ĽûˣӰĽɱ֮С
һ죬ħҲᵮ̫һΰۣħ𡣡
Сħǰš


1353 Ԫ˧
۶
ܶ˶ڹۿаЩʥĻڿʼˣһӳԽˣռǰʮ
ڣһҶǳԽˣ˵ڶ
һˣ׾ʥ
Ҷǳʶˣ۶ʱ򣬾ͼ˴һЩǳſ
˵ʥϲ
˵Ķ԰ɣЩʥﶼʥƵܹɱЩСħҶǳ޷ռݵһá
һ֮УսֿŴа񣬶һԵĺӺ˳Ц˵
Ӻ˳̾׾ʶΪ˺ſ츳λ޷Ҷǳȡֻʥ˶ϲӱչ֮صΪͨˡ
ЩμӾѡƽģͨ˿ˣǾͻᱻߣúùעʮһڶʮģǲǿصġս˵
Ӻ˳˵ͷҲ֪Щʥǲսڻҵġ
Ҫ֪Щʥھ֮жǵһӣᱻǽõĴԪ˧¡
ȵսʼʱЩԪ˧ᰲһЩɣûΣյս½ЩʥһЩʥܻȡһЩսȻ˳
ͬЩԪ˧Ҳ˸Щʥʥ˽ύ£ϵл
սֶЩ˵ĶҲһֻ۱һֻۣϾǱʥˣҲЩʥˡ
ţ
ȻԱߵĺӺ˳¶Ծ
սֲɵÿаȻͫһ𾪡
ôܣ
սֺͺӺ˳ˡ
ֻаϣԭ˵ڶҶǳȻֳ嵽˵һ
仰ĹȻֳ嵽˵һӺ˳ֱš
ս۾Щŵ˵ղ׾ܹԽ˵׾ѾɱһλСħһԻһ֡ڣҶǳ³Խ׾˵ҲɱһСħȻܻô̵ʱڳԽ׾
Ӻ˳˵ͷ𾪵ҲֻܣǣȻԻɱСħôģ鹥ѵЧҲôã
սֳҶûԸܵ鹥ƾԼĲ²⣬жǵ۷ľľѾﵽ˵أ
ʲôӺ˳һ漴ҡͷôܣεľǿʥ˵ľﲻ
ˣﵽˡ
սҡҡͷ漴ɫص˵ڱһλСľﵽ˵Σ˵ҶǳЩϵһӻǿչ·һλʥأΪͽܡ
찡侹ȻӺ˳һ֮ɫ̶Ľдľעʥ
ǰս̾ڷ֣ҪֵںϣľйءľԽߣںϵԽ죬ŵεľעʥҲѹֵôҪ£
Ӻ˳Щź˵츳ȷҶǳ츳ҪǿֻҶǳ츳ǿͷȻռ֮ǳҲ츳Ҳ츳
սֵ˵ͷ˵ҶǳǶǸеϧ
ԭʥ֮ʣȴߴ·һʧǧźޡ
ȿ˽ҪԼһҶǳľĴﵽ˵Σôвܴ󡣡
սû˿ɵż˷ܣôһεսӮˡ
Ӻ˳Ҳ˷ܵĶвʱֻҪʩչ鹥жǵĴԪ˧ľҲͨ࣬һᱻҶǳ鹥ˡ
ҿ־ѡҶǳҵ¡սֹЦİʱӮսҵĹ;ʹƶҪлҡ
Ӻ˳ͻȻ˵Ԫ˧˵Ҷǳ鹥ôôؾ棬ôô棿
սһղֻ뵽սȴû뵽ؾϾҶǳֻһСǲܽӴؾġ
ǺӺ˳˵öԣҶǳ鹥ĶкܴвôҶǳؾİ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Щ̡ʥضʸؾôˣôǿߣεսʤҲǶ˶ʮưԻؾ
ҶǳǾõˡ
Ҷǳ˵鹥ܹ˵ǣϾȥʱ¡սֳ˵
ǰĴажڴ


1354 ͳ
ʲôҶ־Ȼȵһ
ĳӪڣղ̩ǰĴаһĳԾ
ڲףԼжôϹҶǳʵԳĹơ
ҶصĻղ̩ип
ͻȻ۾һУ𾪵Ҷܹ²ǰʮĵȼǿԳΪ߼սͳ죿
ղ̩ʱеҲѣԼǰҶǳһҶǳΪͳ죬һͳգھӪͺöˡ

ô᣿һȻôǿΪûжôǵһ˵ʵ
ͬĳӪСɫѿضǰĴа˼׷ɡ
ڴҶǳ·׼ŻȡҶǳʥϣȴǲ˼ˡ
Ҷǳڵı֣пܻΪеͳ죬ѾǾеĸְ߲
һӣҲҶԸеͳ죬׶ô
ԺöˡС
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СͻȻ뵽ʲôɫʱһ䡣
ԼˣҶǳܻܿǳȻ
ҸװҸ߲ССнʱϵ

ͬӪڣԯҲ𾪵ؿǰĴаг˾
һȻôǿ
ԯ˿̸еԼжôĿЦһǿߣԽЩʥԲѣûѶԷ
ԯе߷ߣҶǳ֣߳ŭ쵰ʵǿȴƫƫҪʵߣ
ȴҶǳˣҶǳûʵֻǵڴǵĿˣ޷鹥

Ҷǳٶػصһ˺䶯
κΰ񵥣һԶܹעģνĿ
һЩǿߣףҶǳٴػ۷壬ǻЩʥ
ˣҶǳ֣ҲһЩС

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˿̣ڴаһ
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ȻϵĵЦݲûгãΪһ̣Ҷǳٶȳȡ˵һ
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ⲻܣ
׾ΪԼ۾æ˳磬ٴµ¼
ǽһҶǳڵһ˵ڶ
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׾ɫޱȡ
ոնõһûü˶ãֱ˸ȥˣֱǳ衣
Ҷǣ
׾ҧгݣɵüס֡

ͬʱħѨĳǳϿգҶǳոǳڵħ򿪻磬ۿԼɵһЦݡ
ҺüʱɱһСħȻ͵ȥˡ
ҶǳЩҡ
ͬʱҲ֪ЩʥӵʥܹɱСħ
вܴ
ҵüӿٶȣȡɱСħһҪȶǰʮ
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෴ЩʥȻͬԺɨħǵʥҶǳ鹥Ⱥ
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ˣǵЧʸҶǳǾ͵͵öࡣ
ԣҶǳռݴаһ
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СҵϢҶǳһصӣ˵
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1355 ͽ
ͳ죡
ԼϢҶǳ˷ܣ֮ʥŶвʹСˡ
Ժ󣬾棬ʥҲҶˣһ֣ǾΪУʥҲҪ군
ҵõʥϣЩ˵̫ˡݣͺٸҴҵעˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ڣûٸҴע⡣
ˣкܶҪϵ㣡ʱԱߵС˵
ͬʱС˻֣һĻȡҪҶǳͨˡ
ëȻǲ˵ղ̩ﳤգȺѡ
Ӻ˳Ԫ˧Ҳ롣
дǳȵȡ
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Щ˿϶£ģǽùϵҶǳڿûЩ
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뵽ԼվڴǵǼϢģҶǳʼͨ˴롣
һ̣һӵӰҶǳǰ¶ˡ
ҶСѣӦýҶͳˡЦſҶǳ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷ漴żɽʵ֪ʲô飿
ҼǸСӣҵ;ˣϧ飬ӵĵȻǸϣҶͳܹһ棬Сӵ¡̾
кܸп֮ǰڴǵʱҶǳһСû
ҶǳѾΪеͳ죬ҶǳֳĳɾͣҲòӡ
ˣһСѣѾˡģҲСġҶǳԣЦ˵
νֲЦˣ۷ǿߣһ֮ǸǺεȵӣ
ҶǳȻҪͶұ
˵С֮ǰвûûʲôΣ飬ȻǸˣҲپ
Ͼһ۷ǿߣһ֮ҶǳҲá
ҶͳдҾͲˣпǣд㡣ЦЦ漴ͨ
Ҷǳ̾⵱ӵľͲһһ֮۷ǿߣȻҵǸõŵ£ѹô߳ɾ͡
ͬʱڴǡ
ոպҶǳָͨԶھӪ֮еĶСͨ
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΢΢ƳԼһۣ̾˿ҡͷСӣôһ㶼ӣ˽Ҷǳ𣿡
˽⣿ҵȻѾ˽ˣףҲǰ׳գȻҪ֣ȻҪǵˣҿ϶ȥǡ
С˵ҳϣ츳ռ֮վˣһܳΪˣѵõżɵ𣿡
ߵǺѳΪ֪Ϸɱ˺üʥŵڻͨء
ף˵Ҳ֪ǼһգʥĻ˼Ȼ֪һ㣬ôʥ׳աСм
Ц˽⣬һɢޣͬɱ˽⣬ͨ鹥
鹥ҵȷ˵һЩ鹥жǿѵвСɻ
ɸֵصһۣ漴ԱߵĴаָŵڶ׾˵ʥϲο˾ʹʥɱСħǽأҶǳռݵһ˵ʲô˵ҶǳԻɱСħʲô˿鹥һɢޣƾʲôԻɱСħ
Сԣʱסˡ
Ҷǳ鹥Ȼɱ֮ǰδ뵽ģϾ̫ˡ
ŴסСһ˵鹥޷óȺһεս˵СӾ൱ӵȡʤȻܹ뵽һ㣬ĸ߲㲻벻СѾܵսִԪ˧ټ
СʱˣȻҶǳӵİ˾޴ôĵλȻҲˮǴߣʱ˭ҸҶǳԣǼǸԡ
Ͼ˭һսʤ̫Ҫˡ
ף֪ˣԺҾСһѡͷˡ


1356 Ԫ˧ټ
۶Ҷǳëһһ֮󣬱ͨ˺Ӻ˳Ԫ˧Ƶ롣
һ̣һϤӰҶǳǰ
ҶǳּˡӺ˳һ΢ЦؿǰҶǳгͣԼһŵ̾Ϣ
Ԫ˧Ҷǳæ
ʹһǰ˲Ǵ۷ǿߣǾԪ˧Ժ˵ֱ˾Ȼ
Ǻǣؿ
Ӻ˳˰֣ϵЦݸʢˡ
ЩʥǰҶǳòˣЩʥһԪ˧
һԱȣӺ˳Ҷǳ͸˳ˡ
ϲͨοˣһеһչ涨Ѿͳˡ
Ӻ˳ǰҶǳͻȻĿصʵϵ㣬Ҫһ£ľǷﵽ˵Σ
Ȼ
Ҷǳһʱ֪Լֵ̫ˣֻҪˣ϶ܹ뵽ľﵽ˵Ρ
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£˵ͷ˵ҵľȷﵽ˵Ρ
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뵽Ҷǳռ֮Ӻ˳һ̾Ϣ츳ȴǰϾ˵·ǿϧ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦû⣬˭˵ռ֮ͲܳʥƫƫаĵۿԳɹѵͲܣ
һ·ҶǳʼնΪ
ˣϻͲ˵ˣλãҴȥԪ˧Ӻ˳漴˵ҷһλøҶǳ
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Ԫ˧ѵǻսִԪ˧Ҷǳüͷ΢΢һ֪һξѡ٣ǻսִԪ˧
ľ֮УԪ˧Ѿ۷ĴڣĵλܸߣЩʥˡ

ݺӺ˳ĵַҶǳָܿλá
һʿ֮һʿʾԽȥ
߽ҶǳʱͿ˺Ӻ˳һİӣ˵ƸںӺ˳֮ϣȻǴԪ˧ս֡
Ԫ˧
Ԫ˧
Ҷǳæ񣬰ݼˡ
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ǺǺǣض񣡡սֹһЦҶǳĿгͣȻһЩź
˭֪ҶǳеźϾһ츳ˣȴ˾·
ϧСԭעܳʥš
սֿǰҶǳ˼һ漴Ц˵ҶӺ˳˵ˣԣ鹥»ȡһսʤ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦĸ߲Ѿʶ鹥ĿֲһսϣǾŸıսֵ
ѾʱˣͣΪͳ죬˷ܹȡʤٴһʥϡ
սּ˵
Ҷǳԣ΢΢һ̲סʵԪ˧ҵʥϣѡ𣿡
ǺǣսԹһЦͷ˵Ȼԣҿʥģ׼ʥɣһѵĿ꣬ĳɹˣôƾ鹥˵ſʵˡ
һԵĺӺ˳пܹ翹նɱܹɹǾǻ½ʷǿˡ
սЦ˵ܹټϴ˷սõսܳΪĴԪ˧ʱ򣬾㲻ܳʥҲܳưһ㹻ڻ½ңˡ
ҪлλԪ˧ЯҶǳæ˵óλԪ˧ȻˣȻҪúʹϵ
ϾǺӺ˳Ǵ۷弶ǿߣսָǾʥֻ벽֮ң
սְ˰֣Ц˵ȱ˵̫ˣһҪ鹥ǷܹﵽҵҪھ鹥ңҿ鹥ﵽʲô̶ȣʵҪȫ
⡭ҶǳһЦؿս֣ڨڨСĴǰ
սԹЦҵľﵽ˵κڣӵʥ˵ľҲɱҡֻҪû¡
ͲˣҶǳһȻԷŰôܾܾأ
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ͬʱսλԪ˧ɫһ죬һѪ㵹ɳȥ


1357 Ҫս
Ԫ˧
Ӻ˳սֵɵɫ䣬һڻսֵԱߣ
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սְ˰֣ǵѪҺɫǸҶǳɵÿЦСӵ鹥ǿֲٴΣҶҪɱˡ
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һССȻܵвûսкܼɵ
ͬʱҲңҿҶǳξģҶǳ䵽ǶĴ̫ˡ
˵СԭϷΪܵʥŵͨŲòӵٺ٣Ҫлʥšսа뵽
Ԫ˧û°ɣҶǳæʵղſû֣ȫ
ްƲأΣҾҪˡսһ˷ܵ˵ڣͲֵһˡ
Ҷǳǫҵ鹥Ȼ֣Ҳһɱҡ
Ӻ˳ԱЦ˵ģȵսʼʱȻȫ㡣
սֵ˵ͷЦʱͷĹұ֤û˿˵㡣
ţֻҪʥ˲λ޽ӽʥ˴ڵĴԪ˧ڣ˭ܹ˵Ҷǳ
ĴԪ˧Ҷǳ鹥ϣҲܹɴˡ
λԪ˧ı֤ҶǳͷĶˡ
ˣȻѾȷϹ鹥̶ȣȻȥɡ죬Ӻ˳ȥӪԺ¡ս漴˵
ҶǳȻ죿ǻտտ𣿡
ˣսҡͷЦʱ¶ѾΪͳˣ㻹ҪμտʲôҪ֪ΣͨտˣҲͳΪͳ졣ҪΪԪ˧ȥսսСͬʱҪдʵ
ԭˣ
ҶǳȻ
߰ɣȥ׼һ£ȥ˾ӪսʱûˣʱھСӺ˳Աѵ
ţλԪ˧ȸˡҶǳ˵ͷ漴ȥ
ֱҶǳʧ֮󣬺Ӻ˳̲סʵԪ˧鹥ôǿ𣿡
սƳ˺Ӻ˳һۣߵľֻеڣȫ֣ҲͳŸʮζѡ
˻Ӻ˳ʮΣҲһգ۵ʱѡ
ǰһգۣսЦ˵ʵһգ۵ʱ䣬Ҳܹɱǧˡ
Ӻ˳һϧСΪҪռ֮߱ĵ˵ڶѾֻҪ鹥ܹɨΣʥ֮ǿĴڡ
ʱ츳̫ҲáսҲ̾

صղ̩ľҶǳипѡ
ȻԼչֳ鹥֮϶£Լ
ǾеȼʹͳΪͳˣСһҪ֪ԽԽѡ
ͳľ֮лкܶ࣬Ǵͳȴǲࡣ
Ϊһ˵ֻдʵýͳս
ЩСһ㶼ֻͳѡ
Ȩ֣Ҷǳͳ죬ڵλϣ൱һЩСǳصĳˡ
ҶǳԸ⣬ս֮սȡһǳصĳ֮λ
ȻҪһӴս
սھȱսˣⶫѲңֻҪȵսʼҵ鹥Իúܴһս
Ҷǳڴš
ҪսΪҪսȡһǳأʱëҲи֮
ǻؽ̡
뵽ҶǳɵöԱߵС˵СҴսһ̵꣬ڽΪͳ죬Ȩܹ࣬һЩƷ
СԣһĻչʾƷ
Ҷǳ۾ۻңɵöС˵ҿܲܶһʥϡ
ϣսһʥϣһͿѸټʥ
ţʥ𣡡
ȻҶǳ۾һɣǰĻϣʥϢ
µûΪͳ֮Ȩ޵ȼˣԶһʥϡ
ֻǼ۸񡭡
Ҷǳĵһ
һʥҪ1000ս
Ҫ֪ɱһʿ1սɱһλսҲһսҶǳĴͳ죬ɱܻ10ս
ҵûɱһٸͳ죬߻ɱһλԪ˧СҶǳɵࡣ
һٸͳ죬Ǿһٸд۷弶ǿߡ
Ҷǳù⿿ԼҲֻܻɱһЩСͳ졣
սеǵ˸ս


1358 ʱԾǨ
һʱܿ͹ȥˣڶһ磬ҶǳӺ˳Ԫ˧ǰӪ
εľѡ˵Ѿˡ
ںӺ˳Ԫ˧˵ҲˡǸյĿˣٻսִԪ˧
ʱҶǳźӺ˳뿪۶
Ԫ˧ǲΪҪǣҶǳžԽԽĳţɵһʵ
Ӻ˳΢΢һЦӪǺεصأôܻдֱͨӪֻܷȥ
ȥҶǳ۾һɣ漴˵ǾӪӦúܽɣȻôӴ󣬷ȥ÷ɶꣿ
˵ķȥָˡңѾѿռ֮Բ磬ʱ֮ҿԴʱԾǨӺ˳һȻ˵
ڴ֮Уǿģ۱죬ȴһġ
ʱԾǨ
Ҷǳһ˵֪λӺ˳Ԫ˧Ҳռ֮ʱ֮ģǸһ
һǵʱ֮֮ǷҲԽʱԾǨ
Ҷǳ˼֮ʣѾ뿪˵۶
û˵۶󷨵ƣӺ˳ʱһһɵЦ˵۶Ȼǻ̫ǿˣʥ˶ƣЩУеѹ̫ˡֻ棬ңڣûҪǲԸ۶ġ
Ҷǳ˵ͷܹ⡣
ˣھʹʱԾǨ㲻ҪֵǲСˤʱ֮У㲻ҲʧСӺ˳
ҶǳæͷͬʱЩڴʱԾǨʲôӣ
ڴʱӺ˳ͺһ˫֮ϣ˵ϵĺۼпռ֮ʱ֮ܲ˫ơ
˽عۿʱ֮ĵϣҶǳɵõɴ۾ﵹӳ޾
ʱ֮ԭʱ֮Ҷǳɵñ۾ղŵһĻĴ̼̫ˣ
ʱ˿̣ڸܵʱ֮Ĵڣܵʱ֮Ĵš
ţֻҪѭ·Ҫ˶ãƿȴţʱ֮
û뵽ںӺ˳Ԫ˧ҵʱ֮
Ҷǳ۾ɵҡ
䣡
ͬʱӺ˳˫͵ǰһƣȻ˺ѿռ䡣Ŀռ֮Уһʱͨʱˡ
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Ӻ˳ץסҶǳ̳ʱ֮ͨУʧڵ۶ǰ
ٴγֺѾһƬߵĴϿա
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ûҶǳӺ˳ٶ˺ѿռ䣬ʱͨʱԾǨ
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Ӻ˳ҶǳǰеһǳأЦ˵ǵսţɻսִԪ˧ִƣԺսŵһλͳ졣
˽ǳأڵһЩʿ;٣ڿӺ˳֮ʱ׷׹
Ӻ˳Ԫ˧ս֮УڴԪ˧սˡ
ȻͬԪ˧ģоˡ
ʮλԪ˧֮£Ǵͳˡ
ͳһһˣ˵Ҷǳͳ죬ս֮УλҲǺܸߵġ

ˣˣǵĴͳˣ
һҴܽһӪе
һ̣ܶٶӸԵ˳Χ
ղ̩УԭӪǰʱ䣬Īġ
ιС˵ǵĴͳˣ˭ղ̩ʵ
ӪѾжʱˣȴ˵Ӫһֱûдͳ죬ֻʮλͳʱƹܡ
ǷǳûдͳľӪսϣֻڻҡ
ԣǷǳϣܹһǿĴͳ졣
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СƳղ̩һۣû⣬Ͼղ̩һֻǳս
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СҡͷЦǿһͨξѡģˡ
ʲôֻһղ̩һԾҪ֪ǾӪͳ춼СһǵĴͳ죬Ԫ˧
˵ѾˣעҪΪڻң
ÿÿ
ʱʮλͳ˽ǶСǿһھٶ׷׺ˣÿһ·
Сղ̩Ҳæʮλͳ칧
һɨһۣʵղ˭˵ͳˣܹȷ𣿡


1359 ¹
Ӣͳ죬˵ģۿλͳӺ˳Ԫ˧һǵģһ׶Ӻ˳Ԫ˧˵ǵĴͳ졣
ͳѯʣСæ˵
֪λӢͳǳǿƣǵСĳԲ˶ߡ
Ӣ붢ŻС˵λͳֻǴ
ǵģһ۾ͿˡСͷ
Ӣԣɫʱ
Աߵλͳ죬ɫҲÿ
ΣӢݺݵһȭȻȻֻǸһڿЦжǿЩʥЩţҲȼСʲôʸͳλã
˿Ӣ룬һĬ
ǷǳӢѾﵽС۷壬ʮλͳǿһ
ңӢս͹ͳˣֻΪΪûдﵽ
ԭҲûʲô
ڣһܳΪͳ죬ѹͷϣȻܲˬ
֣ҪȥҺӺ˳Ԫ˧һλӢ뽻õͳ
ӢƳһۣҡͷӵʱûҳ֪Ӻ˳Ԫ˧Ը񣬱ЦǺǣһƵӡʵǳǿƣһ飬Բ˸ġһȥ϶ᱻϲԺӾ͸ѹˡ
ѵһָ𣿡
Ǹͳһĵ˵Ҳһӵƽģָǣ˵ȥϿ϶ʲôıʱû£ȴǱڻҡ
ԣϹָǡ
ǾԲܵڻҡ

ͳ춼׷˵
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ӢߵһҲָǣߣȻΣǶȸһ
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ֵܺá

ͳ춼׷ͬ
Щսľ٣ȴǲҸЩͳһ𷴿εĴͳ졣
ϾҲֻǴλεĴͳʵ϶ǿ
кϷˣСȺУɵһֻ
һԵղ̩Ц˵̫ˣΪӺ˳Ԫ˧ǱȻǿ϶ĵҿЩͳֿԡ
û˵ôţһЩӵƽǺģʶ㣬˵ܺùһЩЩͳԣ޷ƿǾӪֶˡС˵
ȻվǼͳߡ
ղ̩ٺЦǴģҲĶ󣬾Ͷ10սҶλεͳӮ𣿡
⡭СЩɣ10սѾܴˣҪɱɱһĳսܻʮսڣҲֻмʮսѡ
ô㲻𣿡ղ̩һϷŰ˵
Сһʱŭ˭ңľͶģ㲻ɣҾͶӢͳӮߣһѵܶԿС
ٺ٣˵ƾǵ־ݡղ̩Ц˵
Сһ˻ԾӣǵݣҲΪʮսͷڣǻ
ưɣӮˡ־ݺ󣬻Сһš
ղ̩΢ЦҾӮˣܹúӺ˳Ԫ˧Ĵͳ죬ûһ㱾£
ߣҲֻݸأ˵һʥΣھӪ֮УݿɸʲôһжҪʵڲСС
ٺ٣ĿԴɡղ̩Ц
ҲûлȥʹΪλͳҪˡ

Ӻ˳ĸۡ
ҶǳźӺ˳ںȲ衣
ˣ־ʮ֮һһʮλͳ죬СȻǼսԼʮʿ
Ӻ˳ǰҶǳֻǴʮСͳ϶㲻Ҫƿ־͵շǲС
Ԫ˧İɣֻСһаյġҶǳһţС鹥ܽɱ
շǣ׾٣
Ӻ˳Ҳ֪ҶǳʵȻҲڵֿ֮жõһˡ
аվͺã
Ӻ˳˵ͷ漴ѵʱ־ţҪȥսսҲԣܱ¶ʵȴսʱչʵһٰʤ
ǣҶǳ˵ͷ
Ӻ˳΢΢һЦ漴˵˵Ǹղ̩СһѾǰ־ˣȻͿԼˡ
лԪ˧ҶǳæмҲֻ˵˵û뵽Ӻ˳İæ
ղ̩ҲΪ˱ղ̩Ͼ°£϶ȫһЩ
۶ղ̩һסĵطദĲҶǳҲѣȻչ˾չˡ
ˣؾӪɣǼͳ죬ѾڵŸˡӺ˳ЦŰ˰֡
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ǡ

Ҫ˭˭
ҶǳǳһĨЦݡ


1360 
־ӪǺӺ˳µʮ֮һ֮ǰ־ͳڹսӭһλδͳ졣
ھӪĵ㽫ϣ־ľѾʮ֮ţЩ˶սĴͳ컹Ǻܼɵġ
ʮλͳ춼СǸûλĴĴͳ˳͵ͳ֮⣬λͳ춼ûе
ʮ֮һľûеλͳĵϵ£λͳǹͬˡ
ʱ㽫϶۷׷ףλͳ춼ڱĿʣµսľǶ̸λĴͳ졣
˵λͳǲǿžѡģھоѡ𣿡
ǣѡŽе֣аϻߵʮˣĿǰְλҲֻͳ졣ͨտˣ򲻿δͳ졣
տ˻ûпʼء
ܹԴΪδͳְλͷ϶ܴ󣬻ĳӵƽġ

˵ۣղ̩ɵҶǳ
Ҷֵʵս˵Ļһͨտˣ˵Ϊͳ죬ʱԼȥ
ղ̩뵽
ǰ׳գȻҶǳϵãôҶǳɻᰲȫܶࡣ
ڵ־һĴͳ죬ֱڿЦҪսǲڻʲô
ղ̩ϾҪ֤ˣ׼ʮս𣿡СԱһŵ˵
ղ̩ƲƲ죬ĿԴɣ
ߣСһ
˵Ŀ漴ŵ㽫ڡ
ʱ־ˣѾյӺ˳֪ͨǵδͳ켴ҪЩ˶ȥ㽫ӭӡ
ߣӭӣһҲȥӭӣ
һӢ뿴Ż洫ϢһЦֱӹر˻磬Ȼϥھ״̬
λͳ죬Ҳµľ٣ûȥ㽫ӭҶǳ
ȻҪҶǳһ
ʱ
־ӪڣҶǳѾˣ̧ͷġ־֣ɵ΢΢һЦ
ҵľӪû뵽һתۣ¾ͶʮСʮ󶼾𺳡
Ҷǳǲɵ΢΢һ̡
Ϸɱʮ;ú𺳡
ȴʮʮС
ЩǳصĳѷɫˣȫԳưһһ
Ȼľӣֻ£ӵߵĵλȨơ
ȥЩ٣ȻȥսȡսҶǳ뵽
һĵطҪڹսսһ˶ɱȥȻɱ
һ壬֧ӵĴͳ죬Ҫµľһȥս
ƴһȺƿҶǳܲ
ҲкôΪµսʿսҲһ֡
һԣͳµʿٻõսһҪϽɸͳʹͳġ
ֻеͳ켶𣬲Ųᱻս
ЩʿսܲҪ֪ûдͳͳıЩʿڻûʲô𣬻ᱻ˵ͳʹͳɱ
ˣˣ
㽫ϣ˶ڵķ
ǶϵǿߣȻܵһǿϢڽӽ˵أλδͳ컹˭
ৣ
ͻȻһӰ˵
Ӱڼ˸֮䣬Ѿڵ㽫ĸ̨ϡ
˵Ŀ⣬ʱˢˢؿ˸̨ϵˡ
Ҷ֣
ղ̩۾һɣš
վڸ̨ϵˣҶǳ
ղ̩ôҲû뵽λĴͳ죬ȻҶǳ
ô£
ʱ˿̣ղ̩νһʡ
̨ϣҶǳһ۾ͿȺеղ̩ɵöЦŵ˵ͷ
ĴͳڶЦϧֻǴλᶪһԵĻС˵
ղ̩ݸֻ֪ҶǳǶЦġ
Ǻܿ죬ղ̩Ҷǳ
ǷǳǼͳ죬ҪҶǳһ
ǶյϢҾεĴͳ졣
̨ϣʱҶǳѾ˵ˣĿɨľǣһ۾ͿվǰСͳ졣
һͳʮͳ죬߸ͳⲻңͳ죬Ҳ۾ûҵ¡
ҶǳƳһۣЦ
˵ҵֽҶǳӽ쿪ʼҾǵĴͳ졣
£λĿͳеһ˺Ȼ۾һϷŰؿҶǳ˵𾴵Ĵͳ죬λͳûǿûѵ׼Щʲô𣿡

ʱһڡ
ղ̩⣬˶׼Цһֻı顣


1361 Ľ֮
㽫ϡ
ʱ˶ֻؿŸ̨ϵҶǳ׼Ц
ǿڵͳҲǱ˫ۣһϷŰ֮ɫ
ڵӢûǹҶǳѿҶǳѡ
Ҷǳ޷ӢǰӭӣôɣҶǳξͶˣʧԺʲôʸͳǣ
ҶǳȥӢǣôλСͳ죬Ҷǳһܹʲô
Ӣ
䣿Ѱ衣
ôҶǳ澡ʧ
һȺ˶ڵſЦ
Ҷ֣ôأղ̩磬Ҳ֪δ¡
ûᱻЦ澡ʧȥӢ룬ҲѰ裬ֱѡ
ǣվڸ̨ϵҶǳ˿ȴԵú򶨣һŵı鶼ûг֡
úܶ׼ЦˣЩˬþ籾ǲŪˣһδҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҳ˾ãҶǳڹ򶨣Ŀ϶ѾһƬ
Ŷ߸ͳû𣿡
ҶǳǸͳ죬ʵ
ͳҶǳڹ򶨣Цһ˵ӢΪף߸ͳ춼û
ֻǳٵ˶ѣϾͻȻܹġҲͳ죬ǵսѣȴǰǵС棬ǵս֮飿Ҷǳ˵
ͳһ㶣漴ߵͳ죬ҿ룬һҾӭˡǣȴⲻȴң˲ҵη
˵ˣֻǳٵѣϾˡҶǳ˵㣬ԺҲٿڴսѵС棬ǱҼסˣսѣսѾܹսֵཻܣǱ˵˻Сˡ
㡭ͳ챻Ҷǳ˵СˣʱȻŭ漴ǿпסˣҶǳЦãҾͿǲĳٵˣߣ
ǳٵˣҶǳһЦ
ͳһЦ
ЩǣҲĴͳǰ׳ô˳ٵ
Щս˲Ϣܸ֮Ǽͳ춼СٶȾ͸ˡ
СٺЦӮˡ˵꣬Ƴһղ̩
ղ̩ʱ̲סˣæҶǳҶ֣ǲǳٵǹѿ
Ҷǳյղ̩ĴЦŵͷ
ͬʱѾ߶ĽЩûľǣͳɱȥ
ȻҶǳˣЩľǣûȫֻ֣˶ѡ
ЩСǣҶǳûôˣֱȫ֣Կ걻ش
ĽӰΣֲ̨µˣǲûиֻܵΪ׵ͳ죬Щ¶Ҳûз֡
ϾĽǣûΣУȻ޷Ľ
˿̡
ЩûгӭҶǳľٺͳǣȫеһëȻëһִͷĸоӿͷ
ô£
ôͻȻһΣУ
ǾӪôָо

Щٺͳ춼̿ˡ
Ƕǿߣڤڤ֮еĸоȻţΪԽʵǿˣбԽ׼ȷ
ۣ
ۣ

ĽٶȺܿ죬ЩǸոջ֣̿㱻Ľ֮УһѪɫҰס
Ĵͳ죬ӣ㽫һΣͲ㾯ˡҶǳ漴Щ
ЩǣȫȻ
鹥
ĴͳȻͨôֲ鹥
ˣΪʲôܹΪǵĴͳˡ
£ЩҲ߸ͳ죬ǵѪҺ׷ƴ㽫

ߣһҲǵĴͳ죬ҵҪʲô£
ҶǳʱӢҲܵˡ
һЦ
ͻȻ
һǰδеΣдĵ
ô£
Ӣˡ
ٵĸоҲԹһ־ܵ˲صʧǵĴͳ춼ɱˡ
ԶǸֳ־޵ĿֲӰ
Ƕһͳ죬һǿߣͰǵĴͳɱˡ
ҿûǷҲֻ·һ
ڣӢָܵٵֱ
ۣ
ĽӢ֮С
鹥
һ̣ӢˣλĴͳ죬Ȼͨ鹥
һ鹥жӢҧֵֵĽ
ϧЩСҶǳû飬鹥ȫ֡
ۣ
Ӣɫһף͵һѪɫήҺܶࡣ
ȻһشңΣǾˣӢʱºȻѡ
ǿ鹥ǰδ
ΪҪǣʩչ鹥ˣһ


1362 鷴ת
Ӣʱоһ鹥Ȼǿֵزֱǰδ
̶ֹȣҿֵʮΣҪɱӢ䣬ֽű
ʮ鹥ж೤ʱ䣿¼ˡ
ѹִܹδͳ֮λڴʱôһǻ˵ã
ӢпЦ
Ȼ֪ȥֳţֱѰ·
εĴͳ죬ӣ㽫Ը
Ҷǳͬһʱ䣬Ӣλͳ
һ̣Ӣڣλͳ춼û˿ˣ׷ٶȸ㽫
ʱ㽫ϣһ˻ֻ׼ҶǳЦ
һ̣һɹǿϢʱ
ȻػͷȴǷӢЩͳ죬ǣƷһ㣬Ѹٵظϵ˵㽫
ô£
ӢǾȻȫˡ
Ƿʲô

㽫϶ʱ۷׷ףһƬڡ
ǰ˵λͳ죬Ҳɵõɴ۾š
һֱ۾λͳ죬һ㶵۾ǰһĻЩš
ݼͳ죡
ݼͳ죡

Ӣ˲˵һضԸ̨ϵҶǳǽ쳹ףһ̬ܵȶûУȫʵ⡣
˶ʱɵˡ
ͳҲɵˡ
ô£
Ӣ벻ҪҶǳ
ôҶǳô

û˯ѣ
ҶǳûסˣǶӢ˵ҵһͲǳٵˣҲϣٿһΣ𣿡
ˣ
ˣ

Ӣ˶Ӧһࡣ
ԳҶǳĽĿֲڶҶǳһɺľηģȻҷܡ
οǷǳһųɳδӵĴڡ
ܹǿߣҲǵҡ
Щô£
Ӣˣ˿ɲ֪Ҷǳ鹥Դ˿Եúɻ
λͳ죬һ˹о糹׷ˡ
ܵӢ˵Ӱ죬˶ٴˣһְ
еգѾȫҶǳƿء
ˣȻ˶ˣһ
Ҷǳɨһۣ漴׼ʱ䣬֮ȥսɱ
һһƬȻ
ôȥսɱ
һǣһжĴͳ죬ǻŻ
ҶǳȴûЩˣкղ̩һȥ
СǵǷʮսתҡղ̩ǰԻСЦ
Сɥû뵽ȻϷ绯ķתˡ
ҷڣΪҶǳղ̩˵Ц뿪ˡ
һԭǸĴͳʶѹָҸԼģʧ߰
Сһơ

㽫ϣʱѾȻһƬ
һ٣һͳ죬ȫӢΪ˹׷״ΪʲôҪͻȻˮ
˵ҪĴͳһ
ôͻȻ͹ˣ
أ
أ
֣׷ʲôˣǲǺӺ˳Ԫ˧вǣһͳѯʵ
Ӣ俴һۣûвǣҲҪ룬ĴͳֵǸ棬ҶС˼Ժɡ
˵꣬תˡ
ɲЩ¶ʵ飬Ͼ̫ˡ
Щǣλͳ춼˵ȻҲ˵
ǣҶǳͳ죬еա
˶ܺ棬Ĵͳ죬۷Ӣ˵ġ

ʱĴͳҶǳղ̩˵Цء
Ҷ֣û뵽㾹ȻĴͳ죬տ˻ûпʼôôͽɽ˴ͳλãղ̩֮࣬ҲЩ
ҶǳЦãսִԪ˧أΪͳ죬ҲȥЩʥˡ
ղ̩ɵһĽ֮ɫû뵽ҶǳȻԪ˧ϹϵǿλȨصĴԪ˧ĵλʥ˰
ô˵ͻȻ־ҲֱʣͻȻղ̩һɵʵ
ҶǳЦŵͷӺ˳Ԫ˧æġ
лˣղ̩ʱһмھУһλͳչˣ϶ᰲȫܶࡣ
ˣҲȥ׼£ǾҪȥɱˡҶǳЦ˵
ղ̩˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ûѯҶǳ۷ӢǵģϾÿ˶Լܡ
ʱתۼ
Ҷǳٴ㽫һû˸Ҳˣʮλͳ죬٣ȫվñֱ

Ҷǳɨһۣ漴ȵ


1363 ս
޴Ĺսϣʥ˲֣Աֹʥ˽С
Ͼʥ˵ʵֲ̫ˣһʥ˾״ݻôӴĹս
ңʥĿǰ½ǿĴڣֲУûҪʥƴ
οʥǺεݵλҲΪǳƴ
ʣʥ˶ҪͿʹ
ߣ
Ҷǳӻ֣־ս
ʮڶˣƺƴƥʵϣڽ޴Ĺս󣬼ֱһɳӻ˾޴ɳĮһ㶯ûС
޴ĹսҶǳʮڶˣʵǱˮнֵһᡣ
Ҷǳһǰһߴ򿪾ڲĻ磬鿴Ŀǰսľơ
ʱһ޴ĹսͼǰĻϡ
ֻսĵͼϣʾһɫ㣬Ƿֱľ
Уɫǰɫ
ͼϵľͿԿóǸΪսÿһͬʱĸս
ߣͱΪĸսֱͶϷս
ͳ죬Ҫȥ֧Ԯĸսͳѯʵ
Ҷǳɨһǰĵͼָеһλã˵ȥս
ͳԶͫһ¶ɫ
ҶǳƳһۣüôǺη嶫
ͳ֪ǰδͳǱһλͳɱˡӢЦ
ҶǳڰֵǰǰΣҺͬ˵ȥʿ
λͳԽ̾ȻҶǳͳѾˣôҲΥֻǸеǰ;ã
Ӣ룡
Ҷǳһ߸սһ߽Ӣ롣
ӢǰǴͷԴӱĽѵ֮󣬾ͶؾأҲΥ
ͳ죡Ӣæ˹
ҶǳʵС۷壬ǷĻܹڴĹ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
ӢԿЦ״ͳ˼ҪҵסȻ鹥ԸСʹĲ̫ˣҿ൲סһ֮
Ҷǳ˵ͷСĲȷܴܹסȫһӢѾˣȵİݺᡢƶҪ
ʵأҶǳٶʵ
Ļ򣬿ʵټϵʱ϶ͷų鹥Ǹʣʵ
ɣ
Ӣһ飬æ˵ֻͨĴʵȫа֧һʱ̣ĴʵҲָܹʮС
ͺã
ҶǳԣʱˣѵʱסԷĴסˣǧˡ
ɱһͳ죬ǿ10սҶǳȻŹ
ӢȻ֪Ҷǳ鹥ֲܿʱϳˣ϶ҲܹɱϾľСǺܴ
ǣܹʱ
ӢЩͳ죬ҵСͽˡ
ΥҶǳɽɲ˵ġ
ֻҶǳܹȫ֡
İɣˣҲҵȻҶǳЦ˵
Ӣ·ˣ԰һԼˣҶǳ鹥ǿҲһѣһͻᱻǸɱˡ
ȴˣҶǳֻһʮ֮У˭ֻ֪ʩչ鹥ģ
ʮڴվλɱҪһʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ҷǳ鹥ɱˡ
ԣֻҪرùҶǳǲΣյġ

֮ڸϵĿս
սĻǳͣȫѹסȻǺǿսս
ʵϣȷǿ󣬳սѹ⣬սռƵġ
ɱ
Ҷǳǰһ֧ľӣɱ˹ȥͬʱߵղ̩˵뿪̫Զ
Ҫչղ̩
ղ̩æͷȻҶǳ
οҲа
¡¡
һսҶǳʱͷų򣬽ԼһʿͶһʿȫǡ
սܿͱˡ
Ǻܿ죬ҶǳʿǾͷ֣ĵƺú׾پ͸նɱˡ
ǻôǿ򣬵˵ʵ˴룬Ӯˡ
ͳ쾪ϲؽе
ʱ־ʿǶ˷
Ƕֵ˱ˡ
Ҫ֪ڻ֮УЩСҪ˾ųɵʵʣµһʵôԿ־
ֱһɱ


1364 Ϸ
ô£ҵʵȻ˾ųɡ
ǻ𣡾Ȼ˿ƿػ𣬶һγҵʵ˰˳ɣ⻹ô򣿡
ôôֲ򣿡

֧ʿȫ±ˣǻûнӴˣʵͱ˰˾ųɣֱǵĵӡ
ȵ֧һʱɺݺݵײһ𣬵ڻĵͼ棬ؿõİɫڽʤȫݻ˶֧ӡ
Ϊ׵ʮλͳ죬ʵӢ˵Ķ֡
̫ˬˣҴûвμӹôˬսӢ˷ܵĴ
ŶСĺ޻֮оֱҪ̫ˬ
Ȼλ־ͳҲϲʵ̫ˣû뵽ͳȻôǿ
ʱ˿̣ʮͳ죬Ҷǳͳ죬ǳ׷ˡ
Ҳǰ׳գȻڣԺκսǿĵ
Ͼ֮УСʵʵ̫ǿˡ
ԺԵĵˣҲܶвǱİ˺ܶ࣬һս
ţ
ʱڶ֧Ӻ󷽵Ĵͳ죬סˡ
һӴ¾ܣֱǶ֡
Ǹûгֹġ
ʲôʱһ֧ľӣλĴͳüͷͬʱ̤ն𣬳־Ǳ߿ȥ
սϷǳңʿͶʿѾսһ𣬽ʮߵսֱһƬڵҽ
ΪĴͳ죬ܹƵġ
ֱɨʮСͳ죬Ѱ־Ĵͳ죬Ȼ󡭡
Ȼ±ˡ
ΪƬսϣ֮⣬ûеڶ
ô£ǵĴͳأλĴͳɫ΢΢һ䣬æ߶Լϵ̽ս
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ⲻܣʥǲܽսġ
ϧ̽飬ҲԷĴͳ졣
Ϊ벻ԷĴͳ쾹ȻֻһСС
Ҫ֪ʱƬսϣжʮڽսǴʮڣôܴҳҶǳλͳ졣
ߣȻҲ㣬Ҿʮͳ죬㻹̵̲ס
ĴͳһֱɱӢ롣
ڴʱͻȻëĵӿһǿҵΣС
ô£
۾һɣɫ
ͬʱǿȫ
ǣܲΣԺδ
ۣ
ͻȻһϬķâ֮УһʱһѪ
鹥
Ĵͳɫ䣬æޱߵȺ֮С
ûãҶǳǺεǿͳֵһ˲䣬Ͳˡ
ݣ
ĽɱĴͳ졣
ۣٶѪأɫҰס
ңΧĻҲʵٶȡ
ҶǳĽɱ
Ȼ˿µ鹥ѵλͳ죿Ĵͳо
ͬʱҲˣԷǿȷڸԼϢ֡
ˣԷ㲻֣ҲҪ鹥ɱĴͳ˼Ľ֮ѾƵˣֱ򶫷ķ
Ӣ룡ҶǳֱӶӢ봫
ʱӢѾɱԼĶ֣Եú˷ܣϾɱһһͳ죬1000սһջ
Ҫǣǳɣûһơ
ΪĶ֣ʵǱҶǳ鹥شɱȻɡ
ţͳ죡
ҶǳĴӢʱһ飬ڶҶǳǾԷˡ
ȥסǸͳ졣Ҷǳ
ǣӢ뿴ڻ֮ܵĶͳ죬ɵҧҧ׷ȥ
ʵ˵һͳ죬ȷûٵ
ǣʶҶǳ֮Ҳҷ
ţ
һСҲ׷ɱң
ĴͳϾǴܵӢĽӽ֮󣬶ʱɫһ
ǻƽȮ

λĴͳ̼ݺݵغӢ룬ԼȫһɱС
ϧŸոչܵҶǳĽټϻʹһֻʣһˡ
ҵס
ӢҲԼ
¡¡
б죬ֲкȥΧʿǶɱˡ
ҵסˣȻһЦ
Ӣ붥ɱס˶λͳ졣
ס˸ղŵһֻһЩˣĴ


1365 ɱ
ĵסˣ
ԶҶǳҲӢλͳսӢĵסһȫһжʱ˿
ʵ˵ղҲһѺӢ뵲סĻô¾ҪɱһλͳĻˡ
ɵúãӢ룬ססֻҪסˣһᾡɱ
ҶǳӢ룬Ȼ߶ĽɱλĴͳ졣
ĽĹ£λĴͳ첻ϵѪԽԽأʹʵҲ𽥽͡
㵽˭б¹һսڰ͵ϮʲôӢۣ
Ĵͳŭ
ܱ˶ͱˡ
㻹ǴͳԳ֣Ҿɱ㡣ӢЦɱ
ղŵסλͳȫһʹĴ
һСҲǰĴͳɱصӢһۣȴӢ뽻֣Ǽ򶫷ķ
ΪȻˣҲ¶𣿡Ӣں׷
лͳٶȣӢܿ׷ˡ
ͶĴͳݺݵغ
ͳûðɣʲôʱһСǰҳˣ
ϧƼأѾĹԽԽ޷شӢ롣
ãȥұɡͳɫһ䣬̹ϵȼҲӢսͳŶķȥ
ȼ𣿡Ӣͫһ漴ҲҧҧɫһݣҲȼ׷˶Ĵͳ졣
ӣĴͳ쿴ӢҲȼɫʱޱѿ
Ҫ֪ΪŲòȼһôƴѵͲǰԱһµ
䣡
ڴʱ־λͳ죬ڽ˸ԵĶ֮Ҳɱ˹
ʵȲӢ룬ԲҵԵĴͳ죬ǾŸһսɱ
Ƕ־ͳ죬˴ôսѣȻһԼս
սİ£ǿԿѾʵĶͳ졣

Ĵͳ״ʱһȻ֪Լˡ
ȻӲȥᱻǸǿߵ鹥ɱ
£򿪻磬ϵԼֱԪ˧Ԫ˧ǿߣһӵлһӿ£ӵС
û˵꣬һǿĽѾɱˡ
ôᡭ
ͫ׵ɵúܴ׼Աأȴɱˡ
֮УٻܳĽĹ
ǸղţĽĹȴһ˲ǿ˲佫ɱˡ
ˣ
ˣ
Ӣ˿ͳʬҲɴ۾
ǾȻɱһ
Ǵͳɱ˴
ҲսҲо˷ܡ
ֻǿϧֻɱ˵ˣܻս
ԣɱλͳ죬10սˣֻҶǳһˡ
Ӣǰæˡ
ܹĴͳ죬Ǹе˷ܡ
Ժսǳȫ
ˣ
˿̣ȺеҶǳ˿
ʵ֮ǰûȫ߶ĽǵǸĴͳܣȡˮܵļƲߣֱȫĽ֮
ҲΪ˱λĴͳѡԱϾԷҪˣ϶ѡԱ
һһԱӢЩͳҲ˲ء
ҶǳɲΪ˾Բų²ߡ
Ȼ⡣
ҵսһ10ڣټЩ¹׵ģҶѾ53սˡ
Ҷǳ鿴һԼսʱ˷ܡ
սȡٶȾǿ졣
ɨһսЩʿѾɱˣܹߵĺ١
Ͼڻ֮УǲʵˣٶҲˡ
ңӢҲսЩôӵõ
ֱһȫʤ
Ҷǳ־һЩãзǿߵԱɱļһ⣬һƶûУνǴȫʤ
ȫˣפأ
Ҷǳ֮󣬾ˡ
˿ûһ˸Υ
ʵϣ־ˣڶҶǳǰٷ֮ٵķ˿Ŀ⣬˾ηͿȵĳݡ
Ĵͳ죬ǾԼԺҲõȫˡ
Ҫ֪ϴǺ͵սʧ˴һΣǵʧȴ֮һ˵ûʧ
Ҫǣÿ˶˱ǰӷս


1366 
Ӫ
һλԪ˧üͷǰѾϵĻͨѶ
ˣһȻԶû˵꣬ˡЩԪ˧˭
ڻǾսû˵ĸԪ˧³
λԪ˧ɻ
Ǽ˻ǿߣȷֲСĽ

λԪ˧ܿͨ磬ϵһͳ졣
Ԫ˧ʲô飿ʱһֳ־޵ӣǰɢİ
Ԫ˧һӵлǿߣǱߣעһ¡һ֣̽նɱ
ǣ˵ͷ
Ԫ˧¶ЦݣǶһλǳǿĴͳ죬ʵҲֻѷɫһѡ
ŵܹ鷳

־פأһҶǳڲ鿴Լս
һΣ60ս
һξܻ60սôٸʮΣܻһʥˡҶǳķǳ
βξȻûдټ鹥ȡսٶȼֱҪ̫졣
Ȼ־˶ջ˶˷֮С
Ƕδš
һº󣬵Ҷǳٴټ˶ʿǣÿ˵жš
ͳ죬ȥĸսӢЦʵ
ʶҶǳĸһ㶼ˣȥĸսǶӮˡ
ҶǳĿ˸ȥǱߣһǶ
Ӣóһ˻ҪߴľͶƣҶǳЦ˵ͳ죬սȡһǷеļƷټҵʵûдͳĺ͵Ҷܿסһˡ
ţ̫ˡҶǳʱ۾һӢǸһϲӢܹסһʲôɵģ
ɵòģңսܿͻٴλҶǳ漴οӢ롣
Ӣ΢΢һЦ֮ԸսȡƣԼֻҪҶǳܻøս
Դͳ鹥ֻҪҵס˴Ĺ˭Ķ֣Щսҳ˫ʮ׬Ӣ밵뵽
ʵϣһõսǰÿλսϰٱ

Ҷǳһʾٴνս
ŲԶĹս־Ҳû˵һνͽţڴ

սս
Ҷǳ־Ͷһ֧սš
ȻսһߵĽ
ڻİ£ľӸ־Ķ֡
ϵСͳ죬µȼʿ־˸ȫѹˡ
֧ӵĴͳ죬һλǿߣ˿ҲӢסˡ
ۣ
һδε鹥ɱλĴͳоҪߣȴӢϵġ
ĹӢĶ֮ƶûɡ
ֵսһ׳𣿾Ȼôսȡһƣ
ĴͳŶӢ룬ѡ
һ㣬ֻҪһˡ
Ͼǽʥ֮ҲֻһʥԣȡٶǸǳֺãҪ
ˣսȡһЩԼΪаƷ
ϧӢ˼Ӣ뿴ֻҪԼܹסôҶǳɱԷ
һ־޵УҲܹȡսˡ
Ԫ˧һӵл򣬻һ鹥ǿߡ
λĴͳ컹Ǻˡ
λԪ˧֪ͨսдͳ죬ֻҪڸϹ
պã⸽һˣֳ־޵ɱ
ϧѾˣλͳѾҶǳ鹥ɱˡ
һ
ҶǳûüˣܵԶһǿϢ֣Ǹ˵Ϣ֮ǿ֮ǰɱλͳ컹Ҫǿ
һĴ
Ҷǳû˿ǣлڣӢڵʵǷĻӦÿԵס
鹥ֻΣԷʵǿľǿûá
ʲô˲ͷ¶βϿҹ
ȵ
еľ޵ȥлɱһƬ
Сͳ죬ѪɣʧȥսѸߡ
ǿ
ҶǳȺУŵɢǰƣƹҽɽ緢ǳֲ
ʱ˺ǿ


1367 һ
վڸ߿УȫޱȰ
ǳǿư硣
˶еһϢѹ
˵ʵ¶ҪӽӺ˳Ԫ˧ˣﵽ˴۷塣Ҷǳ뵽
ͬǴ۷壬Ҳֵȼġ
Ӻ˳Ԫ˧Ǵ۷е۷壬ܳΪԪ˧
ǰˣӦֻǳ۷壬ǳ൱
˭ֻͲܵסҵ鹥
ҶǳЦһĽݺݵɱ߿еĵ
һƾԼʵǿ󣬷ǳ˷
Ҷǳ鹥սִԪ˧ˣ˵ˡ
ৣ
Ľգķâ
һ˲䣬߿еĵʱܵǿҵΣëͷƤըѡ
ô£
һæɨܣĿ⾯衣
ǣȴˡ
鹥
һӾͲ³ˣϾʵǿ󣬾ĵҲࡣ
ֻӵ鹥˺٣ִܹвģ͸ˡ
ۣ
һ̣Ľ뵶ڣ޷赲鹥ܴѪ
ʲôȻǿ󣡡ͫһȻ
ףΪʲôǰλͳôˣлټôµ鹥Ҳ
˭
ȫѰǸ鹥ĵˡ
ΪԷȻðͷ˵ԷʵԶԶֻҪնɱܻΣ
ûҪߣΪ֪ԶԷ鹥ºߡ
ͳ죬˺ǰδͳ죬ǱɱġȻӢ봫
ȺУҶǳߵãǰδͳ챨𡣡
ӢƲƲ죬ŲںǷǰδͳ챨ֻԵη壬λǰδͳڵﶼֵסʮͱɱˣܹס
Ӣ
֪Լӭ
ӢҲգûмȥҵ鷳ֻҪԷӣȥ
ϾҶǳ鹥Ը
ۣ
߿УһαĽشԽԽأɫԽˡ
ҲҾȻҲ
̽˼£ҲǸʩչ鹥ˣͷŻˣҲ
Ȼ㲻ҾͰɱ
һֱӽȥһӳɱ־ʿ
λ۷ǿߵĵ£ûһʿԵס
򽫵ʵһɣʣµ߰˳ɣҲشһСˣοЩ
һʱ䣬ߣ˵شɱ־ʿҲԽԽࡣ
Ӣ룡
Ҷǳȵ
ɲԼΪ˾
ǣ
ӢЦһֻó򵶈
ʵиںЩʿЩʿڻҡ
ȻҶǳҲΥ
ۣ
սУһα鹥ش
һﵽǵѪҺɱ¾Χʿ
һӳȥҵĵâûʿ
ҽڶ
䣡
ͻȻӢ붥һ޴Ķӭס˵һ
âײֲը
һƬشˡ
ţһСȻԵסҵһɵÿӢ룬ӢеĶƺ󣬶ʱͫһ
ԭˣһ͵ߣһһӢ롣
أ
Ӣûֻȫ߶еĶƣֵŵһն
䣡Ӣ뱻ĲϺˣҲѪ
ʵ̫ǿˣػɱˡ
Ӣûк£Щ˷ܣΪԸоĹڼ
棬ҲѪұµѪࡣ
ȻҶǳ鹥ҲܣƱӢء

һӢ֮󣬱ͷҲصطϸ߿գ׼˵ء
ҲǸͨ鹥ĵˣȥҲġ
סҶǳӢ봫ȵ
ӢȻף̾ס˵
ԭٶȻ絶ڻ֮Уٶȱ˺ܶ࣬ͱȲӢˡ
Ͼ֮䣬˿ռ֮˴֮ٶȵȷС

Ӣ뾹׷ͷһնȥ
Ӣ˶ɳȥѪ硣
ҲܵĽһιдѪ˶Щҡҡ׹ˡ
ãε鹥ôһǿôࣿ
ɫһ䣬оղŵһԱ֮ǰǿ
ΪҶǳҪܣԽĽĹ˼£ڿʼȫˡ
ӣ
һ˵ӣҲڴ˵ء
ϧڻ֮Уٶ̫ˣܿͱӢٴβˡ


1368 ɱ
Ԫ˧˵鹥ֲ̫ˣҶ֧Ų˶á
һ߰Ӣľһͨ紫ѶλԪ˧
ʲôλԪ˧յϢš
ܿµ鹥˵ľ´ﵽ˵Ρ˿Ѫ
ٴαĽشղһεĽ֮ǰǿˡ
ԼµסʮΣҪ군
ľλԪ˧˾֮С
̫ˣʥˣ˭ľﵽȲΣ
ң˵ľߣͻ鹥
Ҫ츳
Ľͺܸߣȴֻͨͨ鹥
Ҷǳͨ鹥ȴͨȻľߣ;кǿķ
֮ڻ½ͨ鹥˺٣ЩʥҲӵС
Ͼʥ˱ǿ鹥˵ֻһߡ
֪˭˵ΪΣԪ˧ʵ
ҡͷ֪˶̫ǿˣҪҸҲ
ܣһ֪Ԫ˧Ԫ˧
ӲˡȴһȻ
ܵĽشټϻѾӢסˣѲá
λԪ˧Ĭˣǳص£ܻܿԪ˧λӡ
һرջ磬żӢ룬ֱȼǿ
һССҲǰ켴ҲҪ汳
˵꣬˵һż貵һɱӢ롣
Σգ
Ӣͫһһܵв
ˣӲֻҧӭȥ
䣡
ֲĵâиأⷽն˺ˡ
ĵһӷ籩кӢľ޴ϡ
ɣŭ
ӢҲȼ޴Ķƽ˶棬ֵ಻ĵ
סҵסӢ۾죬
ǲ
޴ĶϳѺۣ漴ѺԽԽ࣬ˡ
һҵĵâƺƵӢˡ
٣ӢĽһǰδеļž·Χһжʧˡ
㱼䣬һ֮ĵԺ֡
׷ɣȴٳûĵ
û뵽ҾȻʱˡӢЦ֪øˣǸơ
ٽʱֵ
βĻ̤Ĵ硣
ۣ
ӢѪ˶âݺݵغ˵صףʯ
ۣͬѪĻеٴαĽشƼأټȼķɣ嶼ˡ
һΣҪκӲˡ
ҲûҪӣֱѡԱ
һ۷ǿߵԱֲ̫ˣҶǳѣ־Ҳʧء
Ҷǳţʧһʿ˵ȷʧˡ
ټϲ֪Ӣ룬Ҷǳ֪λ㡣
Ҷ֣
ղ̩յҶǳߣŲԶԱģеļ²ѡ
ҿʱ̴ҶǳߣȻıˡ
֪ͨ£Ͻɨս׼ˡҶǳ˵
ղ̩˵ͷ
ǰ϶֪ͨ˶µԪ˧Զ˿϶裬뿿鹥²̫ס
ҪǣûӢ룬Ҷǳƾ鹥ɱһ
ݣ
ҶǳѸӢ뱻ĵط̽ȥʱܵһ΢Ϣ
ţȻû
Ҷǳɵϲ
֮УֻӢԵסĹսͱҪӢϡ
ԣӢûҶǳܸˡ
Ҷǳ⽫Ӣӵص˳Ȼ־һˣعפء
˿̣սѾˡ
֮ǰҶǳɱλĴͳ첻ͬһڴͳ֮УεǸ
䣬սĶʵһٷռϷ硣
ңҶǳĻ򣬻ǿֲ鹥öͷһƬơ
ǻٳ̫Զˡ
һжҶǳûϵѾŴصפء
ȻһʧЩ󣬵־˶ʿǣûκε䡣
Ϊһɱ˵˵ͳ죬˵˵һӣֳɹ̫ˡ
ǵʿ֮УҲ͸Ҷǳγôս
ֻҪˣս࣬βˡ
Щȥˡ
ȻˣҲûٵǡ
ϾԼѡ˲ξ͸뵽һ졣
Ƭ޴Ĺսÿ춼ʿ䣬Ѿϰˡ


1369 ϲ
פ֮УҶǳڼԼսɱͳ죬õս͸ˡ
ǵ۷弶Ĵͳ죬ɱ֮Ҷǳ͵õһսһ˾ȻֵʮͨĴͳ졣
Ϊʵǿڶսвܴ10ս֮⣬90ս
ˣɱһԻ100ս
ܽϴε60սҶǳһӵ230սˡ
һʥϵĶһ۸1000սѾ֮һˡ
Լս֮ҶǳɵЦݡ
˻սٶȣսҲֻһˡ
ЩźǣλɱҲӢ˴ûӢİҶǳɱǿߡ
ϣӢָܹ
Ҷǳ뵽

ֻҶǳû뵽ǣڶսսȻ˺Ӻ˳Ԫ˧
ҶСӣʵ㵹ãֱɱ˵ڶ֪һͨ鹥ǿˡ
Ӻ˳ǰҶǳɵһͷۡ
սûпʼҶǳͱ¶ʵЩ
Ԫ˧ʱΣգҲֻȫˡҶǳڨڨ
Ӻ˳˰֣Ц˵ʲôˣ񶫷Ѿ֪Ĵڣǽʲôˡ
ѵа취ֵҵ鹥Ҷǳȵ
Ӻ˳ɫҶǳҪСˣ鹥ȻҲûа취ֵܵס鹥
ҶǳһͬʱҲ˵ͷǻ½ܼܹס鹥Ҳ
ҶǳɻʵԪ˧Ҳûɣǻս
ֻǾٸӣսʥο
Ӻ˳Ҷǳһۣ漴˵Ҫ㣬½ޱߣ֮⣬һЩԵֵס鹥
Ҷǳʱ˺Ӻ˳˼æ˵֪ˣڴսʼ֮ǰҲȥս᲻Ϣ
Ӻ˳ԴЦ漴ҡͷİɣûôɵԼ־衣ҲǾ֣ǰͲҲȥشЩ֡
ҶǳʱͷҽȥսҶÿսãɱһȥһս
ţҲãս´սҲҪʼˡӺ˳˵ͷ
ѵԼСĵ㣬֪Ҫսһʥ𣬵ҲҪǵñסԼСϾҲֻһһ֣ͱɡ
ٺ٣Ԫ˧ͷİɣʮǵĴͳ췢ʱѾɱˡҶǳЦЦһš
Ӻ˳Ҳʱٶ˵

ӺӺ˳뿪֮Ҷǳȥ̽ӢˣϾһҲΪԼش
Ҫ֪ɱһͳ죬еսҶǳõˣӢʲôûеõ
ҶǳЩΣ´ɱһͳ죬ͷʮ֮һսӢ롣
Ӣ룬û°ɣ
ӢסҶǳѯʵ
ͳ죬û£ڴӢ
Ҷǳ˽ȥӢɫȻɲ԰ףǾȴǱǰǿˣлһǿҵš
ҶǳЩȣҪ֪ǰӢʱǷǳľηܿ־壬ûš
ӢȻɴžηȴûֿ־ˡ
оôʲôʱָܹҶǳһĵʵ
ϾûӢ뿹ס⿿Լû취ɱһġ
ͳ죬İɣһ£Ҿָܻҡ
˵ӢеŸǿˣЩ˷ܵ˵ͳ죬һε֮䣬˵ڶֵһºҾ̤ˡ
ʲô
Ҷǳԣʱ𾪡
漴Ҷǳͼˡ
Ӣ뾹ȻҪ̤ˡ
ôһԺӢסԷˡ
úúã
Ҷǳã漴ӢúϢȡ̤硣ʱȥսȡս
ͳģһᾡ̤硣Ӣͷ
ȻΪǶҶǳɺܾη
ϾۿҶǳɱ˲ֹһλĴ󶼱ҶǳƵԱ
úϢɣ´ɱһλͳ죬һʮ֮һսҶǳ˵ˡ
ӢʱһɱһͳԻ10սֻܻʮ֮һҲһڰ
ңǳҶǳʵ֣ܹɨս޵С
ʱеս


1370 ս
һµʱתۼӢƾҷǳ˳ؽ˴硣
ȻֻǸ磬һʵ֮ǰȣȴǲͬն
ʱûƣûлˣܵסһλĹ
ǵִ۷ǿߣҪɱڵӢ룬ҲҪķһʱ䡣
ϻİҶǳ鹥Ӣȫɿסִ۷ǿߡ
ԣٴνսҶǳӢ룬ġ
ţǵ֮£Ժɨս

ս
һΣҶǳǵĿǴ˵ء
һ·ֱײǳŵؽƬսȻֻҪľӣҶǳǱɱ˹ȥ
Ҫ۲жǿҪ죬Ҫκξ裬ֱӾɱ˹ȥǳš
ʵϣڻĸ£־ȫӵжԾӵʵֱӾܺɨ
䣡
ӢһͲ˶ԷĴͳ졣
ԷĴͳ쿴ӢŴʵȻȻΪӢ־Ĵͳ졣
˼սϣӢȻǴ·硣
ߣˣ
ȫ֮£Ӣͱĵɳȥ
λĴͳ첻ɵһ֮ɫ
ȻҲʱҶǳĽݺݵش֮̽Уش
ۣ
λĴͳѪɣɫҰףг˾
ҲˣӢʱһسĴͳܡ
㾹Ȼͨ鹥Ĵͳ컹ΪӢ룬ɵ𾪡
һȻô鹥жǿ
ȥɣӢøϻȫ
ڻĽİ£ĴͳڽڰˣӢĶ֡
ҶǳĽ֮¡
ͬʱսҲβڻİ£ûκξӻ־Ķ֡
οЩ־Ҷǳս˼Σջ˺ܴһսΪʵ£ԶûдսսȥһֱԼʵ
˵Ҷǳ־ûһսʵࡣ
ܵҶǳչ˵ղ̩õսǳ࣬ҪСˡ
ʵıǣʿıǣ־ƥ
ߣѰҶ֡
ɨսҶǳ
һ־ʿǵظҶǳս
ӣһ⣬һһȫ
ҶǳĽڣû˿ߣЩҪܵʿֱӾͱҶǳĽɱ
ϵжԾӵĴͳһҲ군ˡ
ӻϵĵͼȥҶǳ־һݺݵش̽ս֮ɱ
һʱ䣬ľӶפأҲҽսʵʧ̫ˡ
ԴˣҶǳ˳˹ս

Ӫһ
Ҷǳ˷ܵԼսӢڣ־ʮ֧ӣЩӵĴͳ죬ͼֵ500ս
ʮ֮һӢ룬Ҷǳӵ450ս
οͷЩʿ
һͳȻֵ10սÿ֧Ҳһͳ죬ЩʿӴ󣬲ӵս
ҶǳǰĻʾսݣһ֣ѡ
3170ս
ӴսЩԪ˧Ҳ˰ɡҶǳѡ
ǧս㹻һʥˣǶôӴļֵ
Ҷǳβξˣ棬ȥҵʥϣ
½ȻӴȻԴḻ̡ʥƿءҪʥϣǷǳѵġ
ֻҪս㹻һʥϡ
ȶһʥ˵
õôսҶǳ뵽ȻǶһʥ
С򿪶һ棬ȻѡһʥеĻˮ
ţôûͽ𣿡
ҶǳĿɨӣʱüͷ
һ棬Ȼֻлˮľȱͽ
ҶǳɵÿһԵС
СˣĲʥ֮ӲģʥģʥϼֵԶʥϣʱûʸһ
ûʸ񣿡
ҶǳüͷĸˣʵҪʲôʸܶһ
ΪԪ˧С˵Ԫ˧ܶһеʥϣһЩ
ҶǳʱȻôҲΪ˷ֹʥȥϾԪ˧ְλҲܱˡ
ԣԽܶһĶԽֵ࣬ҲԽԽߡ
ҺӺ˳Ԫ˧һʣԪ˧ҲֻҪһǧսڵսȫ㹻ˣվֻһ֪ܲܳΪԪ˧
Ҷǳü


1371 
ھҪսҪʵϡ
֮ǰӢ룬ѾΪͳս֮ǰṳ̂磬Ծֻܼͳ졣
Ҷǳܹδͳ죬Ҳġ
ҶǳҪԪ˧֪ԼļʺСϾʷϣûܹڴ͵Ԫ˧ġ
ʵϣܹԪ˧ģҲǴ۷塣
Ӻ˳Ǵ۷е۷壬һĴ۷壬ҶǳɱĵǺӺ˳Ķ֡
ֻǿߣԪ˧λá
Ԫ˧͸ˣһЩֻ̤ʥ˾磬ﵽ޵˲ʤεġ
ô˵ȥҺӺ˳Ԫ˧˵
Ҷǳ̾˿뿪ӣǰȥҺӺ˳
һӺ˳ĸۡ
ΪӺ˳´ͳ죬ҶǳסӺ˳Ǻܽġ
ҶСӣ˵˲սڲŶһôп
Ӻ˳ŵҶǳɵЦŴȤ
˲֪ҶǳսĶΪҶǳֱ˾Ȼһ
һӻǧսʵ˵Ԫ˧жĽ
鹥ֻҪսȥСӻ֪ܹˢսֱװӺ˳ипѡ
Ҳһݡ
Ͼͨ鹥˺٣ܹӵҶǳ鹥Ǿһˡ
Ԫ˧
Ҷǳһ漴ʵʣս㹻ˣܲܽΪԪ˧

Ӻ˳һ㶣漴ҶǳβſЦСӿ԰ողδͳ죬ھͿʼҵλ
Ҷǳæ˵Ԫ˧ҪᣬҲ֪Ҫռʥ𣬵еͽֻԪ˧ʸһ
ŶԭˡӺ˳˵ͷʱȻ򣬸СӽԪ˧Ϊ˶һʥ
Ӻ˳ҡͷ˵ҶСӣսȻ㹻ˣǻܽԪ˧
Ҷǳʱ̾˿ûжʧϾ֮ǰѾ뵽ˣֻҪˡ
Ӻ˳Ҷǳ˵ҶСӣλԪ˧ÿһλԪ˧¶ʮλԪ˧ôľ֮УȴһֱֻʮλԪ˧֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊʲô
ҶǳҲ֣ôֻʮλԪ˧ŶԣһεľѡкüΪԪ˧ˡ
Ԫ˧ֻʮλûб仯
һԻҶǳӺ˳Ц˵ΪҪΪԪ˧ʮλԪ˧˳ճһ⣬ֻһְ취ǾսһԪ˧ȡλáҵǴҵ˾ҲųΪԪ˧СҪԪ˧Ǿ͵ôңߴԪ˧
ܺӺ˳
ҶǳһЦ֪֮ģ鹥ܹشӺ˳ʱĳˣɱӺ˳ںӺ˳ȴŲһӡ
ܹסӺ˳ĹܴܺӺ˳
СӣҲйȻܳΪԪ˧һлһЩʥ𡣡
һʧҶǳӺ˳ͻȻЦ
ţҶǳʱһϲؿӺ˳
Ӻ˳Ц˵Ԫ˧λʱǱˣȳΪԪ˧ѡߣֻҪһǧսܳΪԪ˧ѡߡԪ˧ѡȻԪ˧ȴӵиԪ˧һĶһʸ񡣡
ҶǳԶʱϲɫæ˵ھҪΪԪ˧ѡߣ鷳Ԫ˧æ
û⣬ֻҪϽһǧսˡӺ˳Ц˵
Ҷǳͷ

ںӺ˳İ£һǧսܿͳΪԪ˧ѡߡ
ȻصԼסҶǳͿԼְϢ˱仯ڴͳֺһдԪ˧ѡ߼֡
С򿪶һ棡Ҷǳ漴
ԱߵС˻֣ʱһĻʾҶǳǰ
Ҷǳɴ۾ֻһʾƷˣʥϣ˺ܶࡣ
ʥȫڡ
ҶǳҪһʥ𣬵ǺȻ䣬۾еһƷˡ
ǲĵرһŹ
澭
Ҷǳ߶֣Щɻ
Ȼ󣬵ڻ½Ҳֶǡ
š澭Ĺֵȴ൱һʥϣֵһǧս
ŹʲôôȻģо𣬿϶
ҶǳжʱЩ档
ŹļֵȻʥ൱ǿ϶ǲָйأЩ档
񹦷һԿǰٷ֮һģһԿŹע͡
ҶǳŹע֮󣬶ʱ޿԰Ρ
ΪŹͬһԴ


1372 澭
⡭⡭
Ҷǳš澭עͣԽԽ
ֻдš澭ǻһλ۴µĹֻŹǲȱģǡ澭еĵڶ˺֮д˸
˵Źһߣֻвοã޷
ΪûеһĻ޷
ҶǳΪʲôô
Ϊûеһа
뵱꣬һνʶëʱ򣬾ͱԷƣӶˡ塷ŲȱĹ
Ҷǳ֪ԭ塷Źǵһ澭
ڣõ˵ڶ澭ͿԼȥȫˮɣû˿Ѷȡ
ԭˣԭˡ
ҶǳעͣһС
ԭš澭ڻһѪȷ磬Ϊ˴֣Ŵ۹
Ϊ̫ˣŹ˺ѳɺüݣеı˶ãе˿ռ֮У֪Ʈ
Щǲŷ֣Ŵ۹ĿͷֱŪˡ
û˿ͷ֣޷ֻΪο
ԣôǿߣѰŹĿͷ֡
ǽõս½ΪѰҡ塷ŹԭһжΪ澭Ŵ۹
Ҷǳʱ˿һС
֣ô߲εߣôССս½
ԭ塷ǡ澭ĵһΪŴ۹ǽòȥս½ġ
Ҳҵġ塷Ѿ۷壬ûа취ǰˡõš澭ڶʺˡ
Ҷǳʱ˷ܲѡ
û˿ԥҶǳֱӾѡһŹǧսóһǧڻһŹһѹûС
õ˹֮Ҷǳרо
⡶塷һġ澭ҶǳٿڶһѶȶûУȫǳ£ˮɡ
ţ壡
Ҷǳۿš澭еϲԽԽࡣ
˵һ澭Ҳǡ塷ĿΪҲյ塣
ҶǳѾɹˡ
ڶġ澭ҲģǸΪǿĻ塣
ʲôǻ壿
Щﵽ񼶵ǿߣͻΪ֮塣
壬ȴǱȻ֮廹ҪǿĴڡ
Ϊռ޷̤磬ȴܵռӰ죬ܹɻ壬ҹ⿿ʥˣ񡣡
Ҷǳۿŵڶġ澭ԽԽ˷ܡ
û񼶵ĲϣԳٳ޷̤硣
ԽߣôһԽսʥˡ
ԣš澭ڶֱľǡ
˵ֻҪ%10Ļ壬ӵ൱ڴ⿿д
%50Ǿӵʥ˵
ܹ%100Ǿǿˡ
Ҷǳڵ˵ŹֱһͨԺҲù˼ռӰˡ
ŹܳΪ񼶵ǿߡ
˭˵ҵռֻ磿
˭˵ҲܳΪʥˣ

Ҷǳ˿š
Źûмˣһ񼶡
һһģ춨
Ҷǳڷǳмë겻ëˡ塷õˡ澭ڶҲֻܿ۲
Ӣ룬֪ͨȥҪչһʱȥսˣҲʵ
Ҷǳ򿪻磬ϵӢ룬
Ӣ漴ͽϢȥˡ
ʵ־ҲҪһʱ䣬ϾһҲսȻҪúúʵ
ô˻ᣬҶǳʼ塣
ǳѣҪںϾŴ𣬲ںϳյĻ𣬶һҪڵʮƽ֮š
߾
ûС澭һǸ޷ôѵҶǳڶ㹻ˡ
Ŵ𣬻ӵˡ
ڵʮƽ֮ţѾɹ
ֱӾͿ塣
û뵽Щƽ֮ŻЩãһΪǶûˡҶǳаȡ
ƽ֮ӴĴûгΪս֮ǰⶫİܴܹԽܵˡ
Ϊս֮ӵеЩҲû˿ô
ԣЩƽ֮Ҳͳһߣӡ
ȻڣЩƽ֮ŽϾŴ𣬾Ȼ԰ɻ塣
һľϲ


ʮ 


1373 ΢
˵֮ʮƽ֮ţıأս½ʱ򣬻ƽ֮ž͸Ҷǳܴİ̤ŽԽս
ֻǵΪս֮󣬻ƽ֮žͳ˼ߣڱҶǳˡ
ˡ澭Ҷǳ֪ƽ֮ŵܣʵһֱûھƽ֮ŵıء
ӻƽ֮ڲ¶ĴֻǸƷǻƽ֮ŵıء
ƽ֮ڵأһֱУûбҶǳ
һɽǰȴûз֡ҶǳеƣΨһһο۵ʱ
ҲӰ̫ˣǰëϢֻ֪ӻƽ֮ӿĴǻƽ֮ŵıء
֪ëǵʶӲ֪ƽ֮ıء
ҿƽ֮ڵʲôܣ
ҶǳϥĿģӦ֮£ڵһжһ
ŴʱΪʱתΪŴ𣬳ҶǳڣڿһƬ溣󣬹â財
貵Ĺâ֮Уȴʮƽ֮ţɢŽɫԣУǲϸۿ޷֡
Ҷǳʮƽ̫֮ˡ
䣡
Ҷǳ̽еһƽ֮ţȻͿޱ޼ʣŨµĴ
ЩҶǳһЦ
Ҳһֱӻƽ֮ŵԭ򣬵ЩͼĴҲûжٰˡ
ٶĴǶȲһ˿
ݣ
һҶǳûз̽УһŨµĴ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ޵׶һҶǳ𾪲ѡ
û뵽ڵһƽ֮ţȻ˵ɲ⡣
Ҫ֪ڴ߶ܸ֮ӴľӪˣȴƽ֮ŵĵס
˵̫ˣ
Ҷǳи̾
˵к΢Ļ֣桢ڻ磬Ǻ磬ڵϸһѪҺ΢硣
Ǻ磬΢磬һص㣬Ǳǡ
Ҷǳǰʲôڣȴۿˡ
˭뵽еһƽ֮ţȻ˵Ӵ
ô꣬ȴԼ嶼ûиҶǳЩԳ
߶ǻƽ̫֮ˣȫŨµĴڶͷ
ҵǿ󣬿»һˣ㿪˻ƽ֮ţûá
Ҷǳ˿Щҡ
ģ̽
ú̽ƬŨľͷһƬŨͨһſǳȺ籡ޱߵ
찡
Ҷǳˡ
ʲô
ڻƽ֮ŵȻһƬ嫵ǿա
ޱߵǴȲϣ̫Ӵˡ
⻹㣬Ƭǿ֮УҶǳһɫĺǣɢſֲϢ̫Ŵɽһư磬ѹȶ
ʲôȻҪһȼ
ҶǳкȻ
Щ籡ǳȫΧźɫתȫΪģ֪жôǿ
֮
ȻҶǳһͷ
ʣ϶ǳԽĻ֮ǿ߲ӵе
ǻ½Ǻѻû֮ġ
Ϊֻлл֮ϱ֮
ֻʥ˼ǿߣֳܴϣӶȡ֮ȻԼתΪ֮塣
һʥҲͽΪˣȻڻ֮Σڷ硣
û뵽˵֮УȻҲӵл֮ҪǱЩʥ֮һڵġ
Ҷǳ𺳡
Щʥ˵һ޴ĹؿԭתΪ֮塣
Ҫϣȡ̷֮ǳѡң֮ǳֲһСģǾͻᱻ֮ˡ
͸ڻȡһԷ١
Ǵӻƽ֮ȡ֮ȴǱ·׶ˡ
ϧܹƽ֮ŵ˺١
Ͼÿ˶ս֮ǰľдﵽޣ½ĺܶߣһսǵǶûῪƽ֮š
ֻЩӷ֮飬лῪƽ֮š
ǣ츳ͲҪÿ綼ƽ֮ţѶȾ͸ˡ
һεĽ½츳ˣȴΪ츳̫ǿˣս񡢵ûлῪƽ֮š
Щû츳ķˣҲѿƽ֮š
ҶǳǸ⣬һʼ塷ŴӻĴ۹Բƾ跲֮ƽ֮š
һӡ
Ͼ۹жôڻ綼ǶģοһĴ۹ǿ߶Ѱҡ
Ҷǳĸܹõ۹
⼸ܡ


1374 ٷ֮
½ˣ¶֪ƽ֮ŵĴڰɣ
Ҷǳ뵽
ͬʱֳһ˿С磬ûлƽ֮ŵļء
ú󡪡
Ȼڻ½ڻƽ֮ŵļغ١
ΪֻҪǻ½ˣûῪƽ֮ţЩӴߣֻٲֿһƽ֮š
ҶǳһǶԻƽ֮ŵӡǴû澹ȻŻ֮
ˣڻϣڻƽ֮ŵļغ١
л½Ĵ棬ҲΪ޷̽鵽ƽ֮ŵ
ֻľﵽΣʵ
ǣڻ½ֻʥ˲ľ
ʥôעƽ֮ôͼĶĴǼֱֵһᡣ
ͺñҶǳȥս½Щǹƻᱻ·ߵʯͷһۡ
ȼ̫ˡ
Щ֮ˡ
ҶǳڻȻ
ȻȻ֮嶼ҪôȻҲҪ֮
ƽ֮ŵã¾
ȻǾŴͻˡ
֮ĵȼ̫ˣֻʥ˲ûǸοҶǳ
ԣҪ֮͵ˡ
ȻŴҲܹ֮ٶȿ϶ûл졣
Ͼڱϣ֮һڻġƷ
澭֮ᵽŴҲΪԷһûлںϳôŴΨһ֮Ķˡ
춼һ֮лٶҲ͸죬ɻٶҲ͸ˡ
Ҷǳг˷ܡ
ʼ𣬽ƽ֮š
Ƶǣκζܹܿؽƽ֮ŵ
ǻϾʵڽƽ֮֮󣬱˴赲
ȻĵȼԶԶȲϻ𣬵ܲסĴడͺñһѷĽҪ󺣵ҲҪܳʱ䡣
οҶǳ֪滹и赲ˣȻܽӴ֮
ҪܴĹ򣬺ͺܳʱˡ
Ҷǳ̾
֪岻ôɵģĻһӾ񼶣ɨ½
ֱܡ
ңѻ͡ȥ֮ҲôףҪķѺܳʱ䡣
Ҷǳȱıʱ䣬ûƣеʱ䡣
Ҷǳʼͨһƽ֮ţ׼֮

ʱš
ڻ磬ûмֵıʱ䣬ʱ䳤ˣҶǳڶսսӰҲ
һֱھҶǳλͨ鹥ˣʱûҶǳսҲһ㡣
Сڸʲôôʱ䶼ھӪûȥȡս
ľӪ֮УӺ˳־ķЩȺɻ
ΪҶǳἱŻȡսأһαչأȴǺķôá
ΪʥϣҲòôʱɡӺ˳뵽
֪ҶǳһʥϣϾҶǳΪԪ˧ѡߵĿġ
ʵϣȴ֪Ҷǳֻһһʥϣʣµһǧսȥһ澭ˡ
ڵҶǳҲֻʣ170սˡ

ڽ磡
־ľӪ֮Уղ̩˷ܵ۾г˼
θҶǳսȡ˴սϾҶǳߣҶǳչˣȡսȻ˶öࡣ
ղ̩ЩսһԼʵı
ʹﵽ˴۷壬־ôʱıչأͻƵ磬Ҳˮɡ
С磬ҵʵλͳ춼ǿڿ԰Ҷˡ
ղ̩뵽
ʱ䣬һֱܵҶǳչˣԼҲЩ˼ˡ
ڣ׵磬츳ԸС۷ʱڵӢ
ʱҲܹΪҶǳסһĹԼڿ԰Ҷǳˡ
ýϢҶ֣һƺڱչء֣һ޷׵磬ôչôã
ղ̩ЩɻؿҶǳӡ
ΪҪղ̩ҶǳӾ;ӲԶ

ʱҶǳѾ۾
ٷ֮壡
Ҷǳꡣ
֮ĸôʱˣȴֻһ֮
Щֻ֮Ļ壬˰ٷ֮塣
ֻдﵽٷ֮ʮܿȴ
ٷ֮壬ֻһСǿһ㣬ܹﵽС۷塣
Ҳ˵Ҷǳڼ㲻û鹥ȵȣѾӵС۷ս
֮ǰǿˡ
ټϻ鹥ȵȣԼͿԵɱһλͨĴˡ
ǿ󣬿֪
Ҷǳǳ


1375 ٴγ
ʱ䲻ˣսԶˣȥ׬һսٻ
%5Ҷǳûмڱչأټ¾ӣ׼ǰս
ʥֻӵ֣֣Ӯսʤ֣֮Ҫǧս
ôõĻᣬҶǳɲŹ˭֪壬ûꡣ
Ͼսĳ棬ǾС
Ȼսڻ壬ԺеʱҶǳ뵽
ͬʱ
Ǵͳ죡
ͳˣ
ֿȥսˡ
ϴεսˣϣͳܹڹսһʱ䡣

յҶǳ֮־˶˷
ѾȲˣϾҶǳͳ죬ǻȡսٶ̫ˣΣջ١
־ŵĵ㽫ϣоٺܿ;ۼˡ
ͳ죡
Ӣ뵽Ҷǳͷɫһ
ҶǳһѾ̤˴磬ϴ׬ս㹻ͳˣô
˴ͳ֮󣬿ɾͲٸˡҿûôĿǳǸŴͳȽˬԪ˧λҲҪӢԹЦ
ͳֻһѣ˵ǰӢԴͳǳ顣
ڣʶҶǳ֮ףԼǸҶǳߣ׻ȡս
սһͳλʲôҪʱԻȡ
Ǻǣ
ӢĻҶǳɵݸһЦȴ˿
ӢǴڣܰסһ
ȻҶǳԼаյסһӢڣҲܹһЩ
ϾʵԽǿԽȫ
Ҷ֣
ʱղ̩ҲˣһŵظҶǳк
ţҶǳ۾һУ漴ϲϲ̤硣
óղ̩ѾΪСˣղ̩츳һС۷壬ǰӢ붼Ҫǿ֡
Ͼ츳ղ̩ǴӾѡгģȻӢ
ĸ׬ôսûнС磬Ǿǰ׳ˡղ̩Ц˵
ȷҪлҶǳǸҶǳܻ׬ȡôսȻҲͲô̤С硣
ô˵ҲʵסһˣҶǳղ̩ʷϲɫ˵
ղ̩ȻǵȻֻͨĴȫаյסĴĻӳ֣Ҳаյס
ǾͺãҶǳϵЦݸˣڼһԶˡ
ңһλλͳ쵽ҶǳϵЦݸˡ
Ϊͳ죬ҲʵǾŸҲԵסһ
Ҷǳıս
һǵĿϷս
ɱ
ɵǣ

һϷս֮־㿪ʼɱ䡣
ϷȫɱĽڽڰˣȻȫ
ǵĴͳ죬Ӣ롢ղ̩סҶǳ鹥ɱ
̫ˣ
ҶǳŴ׹Ϸͳʬ壬ɵһЦݡ
ӢܵסԷټһղ̩ԼЩͳϣҪɱһʵ̫ˡ
һ·ɨѾɱĵʮͳˡ
־ÿ˵սڷ

ţϢ׼ȷ𣿡
ϷһӪУһλϷԪ˧ɫһ䣬ͻȻʵ
λϷԪ˧Ǳˣʥŵ
ڼϷ֮ʵȻʸһλԪ˧
λԪ˧ʱģս֮Ҫ˳Ϸӡ
ǵģԪ˧ҿԿ϶ǻвдʿӻ˵ġڻ֮Уǵʵ˰˾ųɣȫǶ֡
ǰһλϷͳͶӰ
һЦСӣڳˣ򣬳㣬˭
˵꣬ǰĴͳʱ̼ǵĶҪ֪ǵĶҪ뿪սء
ǣǸͳ˵ͷ漴ʧ
վȥ
Ҷǳҿӣ䳹ǣɱ

ս
ɱ˼ʮϷĴͳ֮Ҷǳ׼ӳˡ
ɱȥˣôʱ䣬ϷԪ˧ǿ϶ˣȺӣҲֵס
ҶǳӢ롢ղ̩˵
ղ̩˵ͷǧСЩԪ˧ǻǳûӦ֮ǰ뿪˵ء
ȥս׬һսӢ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ȻǸոպһξʱһɹǿϢʱΧϯ


1376 Χ
ãǱΧˣҶǳɫһ䣬æȫ߶Χֹȥ
һ߰ˡҿʮͳ죬Ǳʮ֧ӸΧˡղ̩ΧһֲϢʱޱȡ
С۷壬ܹɵϢǿ϶Ǵˡ
ʮǵΧϯǽǸΧˡ
ͳ죬ô죿ܹסӢһؿҶǳ
ڻ֪ҶǳԶԵסһҶǳףԼܹסһҲֻǵסĸѡ
һΣǵĵ˿ʮ
һԪ˧ʮͳ죬һǱһλԪ˧ˣ׼սȫٳˣΧȦ
Ҷǳȵܿ
ЦʮǿԶԿġ
Ӣղ̩ȻǿסһǶһǾͱˡ
ʱҶǳҲӲ
Ͼʱʮڴ֮Уʱ䳤ˣʮڴҲᱻʮͳɱʱһ
Ԫ˧ϷʮλͳİΧҶǳһߴ־ķһԼ˾Ӻ˳Ԫ˧Ԯ
Ӻ˳Ԫ˧֪ϢʱɫæҶǳǹԮ
ڲҲģӺ˳ֻԼµľӣһЩϵԪ˧µľӣЩϵõԪ˧ɾͲ
ҶǳҸոյõϢ㸽ֻ֧ӣѾȫٸϽӡӺ˳˵ܵģ֧ӣҲȲҶǳ
Ͼ˿ʮͳ죬ʮ֧ӡ
֧ôɣҶǳ֪Ϣȴһϲɫ
ǸպÿԵסĸͳ죬ԮǾ㹻ˡ
ãлԪ˧
ҶǳͨѶȻϢղ̩ӢǣҲһϲɫ
ߣ壬֧ԮҶǳžӸı䷽
ҪŹսڵķܣȴòı䷽ˣϾԮܻȡ
죬סǣԲܷ뿪˿Ѿս֪ҶǳҪߣʮͳ쿪ʼء
¡¡
սܿͱˡ
ҶǳϷĴͳء
Ӣղ̩͵סһͳ죬ʣһͳ죬Ҫ־ϾɱϾлİͳµ֧Ҳ־Ķ֡
˰˾ųɵʵЩ˵ʿ־仨ˮ
ǿֲɱˣս䡣ʣµһϷͳ죬ܵĿֲͫһ֮УҲǿҵɱ⡣
Ķң
ȻʱһͻȻ
ţһĿֲϢ־ʮʿ֮һӱ㼤ա
ͳ죡
Ҷ֣
ԶλϷͳ켤սӢղ̩ʱ𾪵ػعͷ
ȻǾͿ𾪵һĻ
ֻԶҶǳ𣬻Ӷ񽣣סλϷͳĹ
һȻʵϷĴͳ𾪵ؿŶҶǳ
Ҷǳ˿̻ſµ˵嶼ڷڹ⣬͸һɹǿϢ
ǻ𣿺ǿҵռԷӳĹˡ
ҶǳԼ壬Ҳǻ塣
һûսǽûʧ
ǻһλ۵ĹȻֲ
ɱռ
ҶǳӶеɱϷͳ죬Ӣ롢ղ̩ǲͬǱ
ǿټϻİֵһ
οеѾʥϣȼȶǸϷͳеҪߡ
һֹǸϷͳе㷢ȻЩֵסˡ
Ͼһʥͺֲܿˣοʥ
һȻʥϴɡǸϷĴͳܿͷ˲Ծ𾪡
ͬʱҶǳ鹥ҲˣûаӢ룬ѡղ̩
ϾӢǴټϻİȻ·磬ǷǸϷĴͳ컹ɱ
ղ̩վСЩΣգĽİĵ˾ͺܿˣ˳֮£ȻԵסĴ
Ҷǳ߾͸ӲõˣȫϷ磬ûΣա
ʱʱϳϷʣ߸ͳ죬Ҳʾӽ˵ء
ϳʱ䣬þȥ
Ҷǳżһҧ㿪ʼȫ߶ҪԼļ


1377 Ԯ
ľĵνĺ˵һﵽޱ޼ʡ
ޱ޼һޱ޼ʡ
Ϊ˵ޣޣͻ
ԣԴԴҶǳʹõģȴֻһ֡
˻壬ǿ࣬ƾԿС۷ǿˣܹٿصҲͱǰˡ
䡭
Ҷǳ˿̾ͽԼ߶˼ޣĻǳǿ󣬼ٿصѾ֮ǰһȻ֧š
ã
Ҷǳɫһϲ۳һĽŶϷͳɱȥ
ͬʱеҲ۵ĹâһֺƴƥĽ
ռϻ壬ǰδе
ʹ鹥һʱöϷͳëͫһȻǸоǿҵΣС
ô£ĹȻҲǿ󣬵Ǹ޷вΪʲôһΣУ
Ϸͳɻ
ûҶǳ鹥û뵽鹥˾Ҷǳ
ʵϣղ̩սǸϷͳ춼֪Ȼܵ鹥Ǹ֪˭ġ
ˣȵסĹ˵
ҶǳսϷͳҧҧԭĹΪȵסҶǳĹ
ϧҶǳĽȴɱһٽش
һΣҶǳĽǳǿ󣬽˫ױչֳĹǳֲ
ôᡭ
Ϸͳɫ䣬Ѫ˶ɳȥ
ԭ׼õķΪش
ǿ鹥ֱš
̶ֳȵ鹥ҿ߰˴ζסʮ־֡
ʱҶǳռҲɱˡ

ϷĴͳ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰ׵סҶǳռڣ걻شִ֮ʸ޷֧µķ
¡¡
䣬â˺գƴƥĽ⣬۳һͨ쳹صľ޴к£ϷĴͳһû
ۣ
ϷĴͳٴѪ
ܵش˲Ʋأʵ½
ڻ֮Уͱʵ
ôأʵ½ľ͸ˡ
ҪǣҶǳ鹥ֱĵӡ
ӣϽӣǸһȻԸֵˣֱ
ϷĴͳתӣһ㶼ͣ
Ϊ֪ԼҶǳ֧Ų˼غϡ
𣿡
Ҷǳߣԥһ£ûѡ׷
Ҫ׷ĻȻ׷ϣоԵİɱˡ
ǣ߸ϷĴͳԽԽˣɲΪɱһˣͱ߸˰Χ
һߣɡ
ã
Ҷǳһתղ̩Ǳߡ
δ鹥Ѿɱˡ
ۣ
ڸղ̩սϷͳ죬ʱѪɣɫȻ
ѾܹҶǳ鹥һΣܵ鹥ǿˡ
ѹǼһߣôԸֵˣϷĴͳºȻҲתߡ
ϧһҶǳûˣղ̩ǰأס
ɱ
Ҷǳղ̩ʹ˸ɫʩչռҲΪһĽͬʱ
ղ̩Ҳȫ֣նɱһλɶˡ
ɱ֮Ҷǳղ̩ȥӢˣӢսǸϷͳﻹӭսҶǳǹ̾ӵˡ
ҶǳҲû׷Ԯķȥ
߸ϷĴͳҲԽԽˡ
ʱǰǿϢ
Ԯ
̫ˣǵԮˡ
ˡ

Ҷǳ˶ǴЦ
Ĵͳ죬֧ӣƺƵɺҶǳ־һ
¡¡
Ҷǳȫ߶򣬽սǡ
ʱ֧Ԯܵ˻Ŀֲ
򣬵˵ʵһӱ˴롣
Ǵ룬ǰ˾ųɣ찡ôǿһǵһμ
־ʶ־ʲôʱô
˵εĴͳ

֧Ԯǳ˷ܣڻ֮Уǻɱ˸вһǳס
ȡսٶȣʵ̫죬̫ˬˡ
λ־Ĵͳ죿
֧ԮĴͳ뵽ѯʵ
ǽĿתӢ룬ΪڳֻӢһ
ӢȴָҶǳ˵λͳ죬λ־Ĵͳ졣
Ҷǳ˿ҲǰͳЦŵͷҶǳλͳ졣


1378 ˾
ԭҶͳ죬ƣ
ź֣


ͳȻҶǳΪ΢һѯҲ֪Ҷǳͳ죬ϾںӺ˳Ԫ˧£׾ܲѯõ
Ҷͳ죬־Ȼǵʮ֧ΧźִЦ
һĸߴĺӣͷǳ࣬һްԣ޸¶ɢž˵ɷ
ţǾȻѾɱһϷĴͳ죡ͻȻһλͳ췢һʬ塣
֮ǰҶǳղ̩ɱϷͳ졣
̫ˣ
ź֡ơǶ𾪲ѡ
һͳһ󣬾Ȼɱˡ
֣ʱҲɱһͳ졣
ҶǳһۣǶʱҶǳͳ첻ͬ죬ϾܹΪϴͳλã򵥣
λͳ죬ǻôԸǰɣҶǳЦ
ʱ̸֮ʣ߸ϷĴͳѾˡ
߹սһƬκˣݺݵײ˹
ȽӴıʿлڣ־߼ֻ֧ӣҲֵܹס֧ӡ
Ҷǳֻǿһۣ㲻ˡ
ϷǱߣһ𺳲ѡ
ÿֲ򣡡
ѹԪ˧ʮ֡
Ȼɱһ׳գϽǻ

߸ϷĴͳ쿴սʱɫһ䡣
УҲܵϷͳ졣
ϧƾκߵϷͳ춼Ӧ
ѾҶǳ鹥ƵˣԲڲǴսӣǸĳͷ
ڣǵĴǵĶ֣ɱǵĴͳ졣һϷĴͳ
ܿͨˣǻŵģΪ߸ͳ죬ҶǳǱֻĸѡ
ǱһЩʵ߸ɳģϾ֮ǰûܵҶǳ鹥֪Ҷǳ鹥жǿ
ϰɣһһ
߸һЩѹ
лڣԱ㹻ˡ
Ҷǳߵλͳ״ɵӭȥһǣסһϷĴͳ졣
ҲϣҶǳӢղ̩˵
һסһ
ͬʱһЩͳҲΧһϷĴͳ졣
лڣռݾԵƣЩͳ춼ڳˡ
ʮС֣вС۷ǿߣսټϻİΧһˡ
ռ
Ľ
Ҷǳ˿ֻǰĶ֣ռĽһ֣ʹ鹥˫˫˲شϷͳ졣
ʲôôǿ鹥
ϷĴͳͫһһӾ͵ˣΪʲôһߣҲѡߵġ
˿ֲ鹥ֻҪٶΣܽɱ⻹ô
쳷ˣСӾͨ鹥æλϷĴͳ촫
ȻڲӾߵˡ
䣡
ҶǳĻǳǿɢſֲϢһǰֲĽʱǰϷͳûˡ
ݣ
֮ıǿֲ鹥
޾۳һĽûɢâȴ˵ڲ
ӰεĽöϷͳȫë·һĦ˹֮ͷϿգ¡
ٵΣУλϷĴͳܻ֣̿Կµ鹥벻ʲôֵİ취
ΪһЩϡٵ֮⣬û赲鹥
ۣ
Ľݺݵش꣬ٴνش
ռǳѹס
鹥򡭡ôô̬ϷĴͳһ֪Լˡ
ʵϣȷûмֶã㱻Ҷǳɱˡ
ôܣ
ϪȻô죡
Сֻһ

ʣµλϷͳȫޱȡ
ŶãһͬȻɱˡ
ϷĴͳ𾪣ߵͳ춼𾪲ѡ
ʲôʱһܹԽɱˣһɱô죬вһס
ɱ
ҶǳǳѸ٣ɱһϷĴͳ֮ϵתȥһĴͳԸˡ
˽ź֣ԴĴͳǿһϻİȫѹ֡
ʱҶǳ鹥һźֵĶֶʱѪɡ
鹥źֵɴ۾ǰ׳գ˲Ͳ³Ҷǳͨ鹥ֻû뵽Ҷǳ鹥ôǿ


1379 Ϯ
ۣ
ҶǳռĽ˫˫֮£Ϸͳ첻ѪɳȥҶǳȫѹסˡ
ԱߵͳźֶҪˣɴ۾ǰڴչҶǳоѡ
ԭҶͳ컹ͨ˿µ鹥Ȼشľжǿ
ˣ㲻鹥ҶͳҲһˡ

ź𾪲ѡ
ڸܵҶǳĿֲ
ѹһܹϴͳλá
ݣ
úҶǳѾɱλϷĴͳˡ
ǰ㶵ź֣Ҷǳͳ죬ɱ˵սһһ롣
ϾźֵĶ֣źֻǹģô߱˵սǾЩ˵ȥˡ
Ҷͳˡźæ˵
ҶǳҲûж˵ֱתսȥһͳʮڣһһڡ
תսҶǳͶź˵Ƿͷæȡȫ
ҶͳڣˡźЦʶҶǳĿֲ֪⼸ϷĴͳˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦֱӳԶһϷͳ죬һղ̩Ķ֣һֱѹղ̩򣬿ҶǳɱϷĴͳ죬ŵ׼ˡ
ۣ
һ棬ҪܵϷͳ죬ͱҶǳش
ɫҰףѪ˼صɴ۾
ôôǿ鹥㵽˭ϷĴͳŵ¶֮ɫ
κˣֻҪҶǳĽУе־ġ
һȻ˿ֲ鹥ڻ½ǰδ
ҽҶǳ
ɱϷĴͳ֮ǰҶǳڸԼ֡
ҶǳûѡݣΪһսսǲصסġ
ʵϣ֪ˡ
Ͼ½ĿǰֻһŻ
ͳ죬ңһҪߣԶӢ
ҶǳתͷȥӢսλϷͳ죬ѾȼƴӢľˡ
ȻҶǳڶ̶ʱڻɱϷĴͳ죬ͬƵˡ
ɱ
ҶǳɫĮϬֱɱ˹ȥ
δĽѾشϷĴͳˡ
սϣҶǳɲ飬Ϊɱˣǵɱ㣬кƽڡ
䣡
Ҷǳı֮£ϷĴͳѡԱΪȼﵽ˼ޣѾսˡ
ҪǾһɡ
ϧǿڣҶǳһʱ͸Ӧ˶ԷԱ̾ˡ
ԣҶǳ˿ƶûУֱתȥλĴͳ졣
֮߸Ϸͳ죬ȫɱˡ
ǵǱҶǳɱģֻʣһĴͳΧ
սǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣڻ֮£ЩϷʿսһһ
ʹһЩõģ˳ȥҲҶǳ鹥ֱɱ
޴սȡʤ
صʬ壬źֵĴͳ춼еš
ǾȻȫʮ֧ϷľӣԼʧȴСֱԺԲƣսʼȡõһʤ
Ƕ֪һжΪǰˡҶǳ
ⳡս֮󣬴ӱؽ£
źֿҶǳ뵽
Ƕǰ׳գ˻鹥ⳡսİҶǳڣⳡսӮˡ
ʱҶǳ϶򣬱֪
ţ
Ȼźɫһ䡣
ҶǳǶܵźֵı仯ɵתͷɻ
֣ôƵĴͳʵ
źɫ࣬ˣϷǱ߲֪ʲô裬ǵһλԪ˧³ˣոһ֧ңƺˡ
ʲôЦ⻹ûоսȻԪ˧³Ʋŵ
źɨսһۣ˵ԭȻ֣Ϊʲôʮͳ׷ɱҶͳ죬ʮͳ춼ϷԪ˧¡
˵꣬źֲɵÿҶǳɻҶͳ죬ѵλϷԪ˧𣿡
ҶǳЦһ֪λϷԪ˧˭أ
Ҳ֪Ӳı䣬Ҳһ¾֪źһ˵ţһߴ򿪻磬ܿͲ鵽Ϣ
ⲻʥŵ𣿡Ҷǳͫһˡ
ôҶͳʥг𣿡źʵ
Ҷǳɱӣ

λĴͳʱ


1380 ƴ
ӰɣһԪ˧ɲǿġ
źæҶǳ˵ȻҶ鹥ʵ̫ǿˣǿµסһУҪɱˡ
ҶǳȻæӢӰɣɢߣмʮˣֻҪɢɱġ
һȺ˵ɢߣǼͳ죬Ŀ󣬷׷ߡ
ʿսյϢ֮Ҳӡ
ҶǳߵӢղ̩˵ҲӰɣҪϢҪɱң֪ǲܽǣԲȥ׷ɱǡ
ţӢЩɻʲôвܽ磿ڻ֪ҶǳǸռˡ
ղ̩ףҶ֣Сĵ㡣
뿪֮ҶǳڸԼϢҲܴ
ʮܣǴССϢɨҲҵõҶǳ
ͬʱܵ·ϣҶǳҲ֪ͨԼ˾Ӻ˳Ԫ˧
ʲôԪ˧׷ɱ㣿Ⱥ쵰Ȼع򣡡Ӻ˳õϢϾͳŹս
ͬʱѾ֮ǰƬսϿգǳȥΧʿսӡ
ߣӵõͦ죬ӵõ𣿡
һԼһξѪȻĳط߶ܿξѪͻһѪһȥ

Ѫķ׷ȥ
Сӣ֪ǿ󣬵ɱҶӣճҶӵԹ㻯ɻңҶҵóһЦ
Թο顣
ԼӵͬѪȻԸԼľѪݵҶǳλá
ݣ
ѪٶȺܿ죬Ҷǳķȥ
磬ٶȸ졣
ţ
ԶеҶǳҲʱ̷ųԼסΧ
Ͼǳǿ󣬱̽ķΧҪ
ʱӦ֮У㷢ĵ
ȻûǹǿϢԶԶͨĴͳ죬ȵɱĵҪǿࡣ
϶Ԫ˧һģ˭
ô£ҵķˡ
ҶǳһеЩš
ʮӣʲôˣΪʲôᳯҲ̫ɺ˰ɡ
ѵ֪ҵλãҶǳüͷϢ˶֪٣ô֪
£ҶǳԸı䷽򣬵ǽɫˣΪĸʼܹȷλá
֮ľ룬ڲϵС
͸֮Ի磬ٶȷǳ죬ԶԶĴ
Ҷǳٶȸ޷Ტۡ
ĿȷҵλãҶǳеǰδеΣ
ȥûӳϷսҪ׷ˡ
ʵһоɱ
Ҿȳ֣ҲĽΣ֮ͻᵽҸǰһɱҡ
Ҷǳ侲طš
εǿߣʵûʤİգҪɱԷٵҪʮ鹥С
ܹΣҪɱˡ
ô죿ô죿
Ҷǳмˡ
Щڣ֪ͲϷˡ
ôҲû뵽ʥصȨˣȻҲμһεս
Ҫ֪һʥصλɱԪ˧ǿˡ
ǸûҪεս
Ͼʥرһؾ
ҶǳҲµˣξĿģΪҪɱ
ѡеı֣ע⣬ϧԳҲҪɱˡҶǳɫء
⽫ǿĶ֣û֮һ
Ӻ˳Ԫ˧ȻڸϹϹҿѾˡҶǳҧҧȻиһĨȻһ
˲󼺣
Ҷǳܣϥ¡
ڵӦ֮Уڵʮƽ֮ɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ҵĻѾ%5С۷壬ܹ%10Ǿӵ˴ʱټҵĻδزܵסĹ
Ҷǳһʼ߶񽣣ݺݵسտһƽ֮Ŵȥ
ԲУ
֮ǰƽ֮ţûͨҪֱֶˡ
Ͼʱ䲻ˡ
֮ض
ۣ
Ҷǳ񽣷ǳֲ˿һٱʱ˵ڵྭ嶼ڱѷ죬֩һסȫ¡
ȻҶǳܲˣƽ֮ţ񽣵Ŀֱֲſ˻ƽ֮ڵӴ
ҶǳĻһӴУƬ嫵ǿ֮УʼеĻ֮


1381 ӭս
ţСӵλò䡭𣿡
սϿգ׷ҶǳȻһ¶֮ɫ
Ҷǳ˿壬λȻ䡣
ֻǣȴء
ӦΪҲɣʹѾ֪ͨԪ˧ԷҪϹҲˡ
Цһ׷ǰ
ſԪ˧֮ǰɱҶǳϾԸҶǳֻҪһо͹ˡ
Ҷǳ鹥ȷ𺳣ҲҪˡûãֻҪһɱôıҶǳ
¡¡
ȫ׷ʱҶǳ˿ѾѣһƤƬһ䣬ɫѪҺŽĵǡ
ԿóҶǳȫ¶ֻʣ¹ͷˣЩͷǳӲɢѤĹâ
Щͷϣ˸һɫķģķģÿһ
ЩӡҶǳÿһͷ֮УĹͷޱȼӲЩͷϵķԽԽ࣬ѪҲ
%6
%7

ҶǳƻסԼ񽣣һƽ֮ڣһĻ֮˳ӳĹͷϿӡһɫķġ
һֻʩչӡסԼԪǿԼ
ķǳΣգһСľͻᲽҶǳ㹻ǿ󣬲ſԷġ
Ǿհٳɹˡ
Ҷǳ۾ԼѪ⣬ɵ¶Цݡ
֪ԼƴɹˣȻһȴٵ˻塣
%8
%9

ǿӲ򿪻ƽ֮ţ֮ķȻΣգЧܺãʡҶǳʱ䡣
֮裬βǱƵҶǳԲô
ԺǰͰΪҶǳ뵽
һγɹԺܳɹֻҪһʧܣˡ
ԣҶǳĸԼԺǧֽݾ
%10
ڣ˳ӿĻ֮ʧˣһɺ޾ƽ֮ڵĴ˳Ҷǳ壬Ҷǳա
ͬʱҶǳѾָһɿԵϢεͷųΧն
޾޵С
ҶǳＤҵĹâ˿̸ܵԼޱȵǿޱߵټǿаտ
Ȼ޷磬ҵȴȴ
һ̣Ҷǳޱ˷ܡ
˴磬оԼԱ֮Ӻ˳ǿߣһоܻɱˡ
ټ鹥ҶǳãֻЩԪ˧ʹԪ˧ϵʥˣܶвˡ
Ҷǣ
Ȼߴһŭĺ
ҶǳɵĿȥɫҲ֮
ˡ
䣡
ֻ߿дһը
һ̣һӰͳڸ߿С
һӣ˫֣ڿ֮У趯졣
ǳң׵ڿŭϣʱе˸
ƷǳǿǵذӶһɽ󱬷֮û硣
ϣҶǳܵǰδеѹͻս֡Ӻ˳ͬҶǳʱ򣬿ɲԼƣȫſԼơ
ͨ۷廹ҪǿʢֵƣԶǵĵԱģֱˡ
ǿ
Ҷǳ𶯣ɵԼ֮ǰľƴԼĻ壬֮%10ĵסһ
Ҷǳұɱ㣬
䶢Ҷǳ֮ɱ죬һӵ߳ɷȾ˲񷡣
ݣ
ҶǳȴѾ׼Ľȫһݺݵɱ
鹥
üͷһ壬ëһ˲͸о˿µΣٽ
˲䣬ͲµҶǳ鹥ˣ塣
ǿ鹥ҶоΣգһ޷ɱңȴһɵ㡣
·ҶǳЦһȻһƺݺݵ
ʱվһеĹâʧˣֻʣһֻ޴ƣЯǵذӴϢѹ硣
ۣ
ȻʱҶǳ鹥ȴһִǿµĽûκαɵش֮̽С
䡭
˶һͫš
Ľ˲Ѫɣȥһƣ˺ܴ
µĽƻֲֿ꣬鹥


1382 ƴ
á
һҶǳڱĽ̴֮߶סΧ
¡¡
Ƽ㾭Ľ࣬ɷǳֲֻذϢҶǳսеǰδеѹȸС
ʱֱࡣ
һ£ҶǳһЩ˿
ռ
ҶǳĻѾ߶۷壬״򿪵Ļƽ֮Уӿޱ޼ʵ
ЩҶǳԼ֮УȻѽ㱬ǰδеĹâ
һգΧĺڰʧˣҵĹâ硣
ҶǳռҲһ̴ﵽ۷״̬ǰʹռ÷ǳĿֲ
һ򽣳
ĩռٵϢϯ硣
ҶǳԼһǳ⣬ü㲻鹥ƾһܻ֮ǰɱĴ
ֻСּǿߣӴľѹʱ򣬿ռ䶼ȥ
Ҷǳռûг嵽գͱӡ飬ǿֲǻҶǳĻ򣬽Ҷǳ˵صס
̫ǿˡ
صףҶǳֻеһС
ĻҪ࣬һʥصʵԽͨ۷̫ˡ
ɱң
Ҷǳйâʢ
٣סȻˣ
һɱ
ôıˡ
ҶǳɱˣĽһγƵصףɱ߿е
ۣ
鹥ӰΣٶȺܿ죬ֵסһѪɣƱҶǳܵƾȻء
Сӵ鹥ôôǿҪʮΣҶҪ
кȻ֪´ͳ䣬֪Ҷǳ鹥Ҳû뵽Ҷǳ鹥̶ֳȡ
ҿҶǳ޷磬ȻĻԺʥˣ˭Ʒ
Сһƣôû
Ӧص״ǿϢɫɵһ䣬һٶȺȥ
Ҷǳ鹥˿£ʱֻʱˣ˭ɱԷ˭ʤˡ
¡¡
ӡ£ص֮Ҳһǿ
Ҷǳһʩչռƴصֵӡ¡
䣡
ɿֲײһ𣬽Ƭضˡ
Ŀֲӡ˵棬Ҷǳռٴδصס
Ƭǰ֮£ȥ¶һ޴ӣͬڰԨһ㡣
ص֮УҶǳѪ϶ѷ죬ܵصơ
һʩչӡָԪһߴ߶Ľݺݵɱз
߿УڸܵҶǳϢûʧ֮֮£ٶȳ֣ܵҶǳĽ
ɶ񡭡ۣ
Ѫ˶ɳȥ
ԽԽˡ
ɱⱩǡ
һҪɱСӣҧ˫趯һƬҵ׵۶һ޴׵Բɢ̫ҪҵĹâ˫֮۳͡
ɣ
һ̣׵ԲݺݵҽҶǳĵصס
ǳҵĵ⣬ΧĴضڻˣֲĵ͵رϯء

ص֮УҶǳһηҽ
һֲ̫ˣȫѪⶼ׵翾ˣֲĵϵسĹͷñЩɫķĸסˡ
һչֳǿķ׵֮Ҳ޷亳
ɱ
Ҷǳһ֮̽з
֪ɱôıˡ
ݣ
ֲĽЯҶǳľɱ⣬˲ƿϮش
ۣѪڵԽԽˣʵࡣ
Χл֣ҲʵһЩ
Ȼɱôܣ
ܵصдҶǳϢɴ۾š
ղѾǿһˣشһ۷ǿߣȻ޷ɱҶǳôܣ
ȻʵˣûʱǣҶǳĽһεٶʩչղŵĹݺݵغصס
Ȼֻһ˲ԥҶǳ鹥һɱ
һң϶ðѷ죬пѪͷɢˡ
һ۷壬Ԫ˧ȻһƳֱǳ衣
ڵص׵ҶǳҲܣϵѪѾֲ׵ˣֻʣһͷڵֵĹ
ɱ
Ҷǳܵ٣ȫ߶Ľٶɱ
˫ش˭˭ʤˡ


1383 ŵ
ۣ
ڸ߿ѪҶǳڵصܼ尾һסǿ鹥һǿʹһ걻شһش
඼ƴ˭ŵˡ
Сӣҿ㻹ܳŶãҲܵҶǳϢڼЦ
һ̣жҶǳɱǿˡ
ΪҶǳ鹥ֲ̫ˣβɱҶǳδûɱҶǳˡ
ңԺҶǳҪʥŵİɣôʥſ϶˲ء
Ͼ鹥ѵֵ
ϼһ꼴Ҫ˰ɣƣȼҵҪ㻹ֶܼáҶǳӵص״ͬɱ⡣
ɫһ䣬ȷ̫ˣȼˡ
Ҫ֪ǰǰѾܵߴ鹥ˡ
䣡
Ȼоǳɺ飬ݺݵغصס
ͬҶǳĽҲһش
˶ƴʱ䡣
ʱӺ˳ϢҶǳ
ҶǳڼֻϾܸϵϷսˡӺ˳ż˵
ҶǳغһսʤԲܳκ⣬Ѵ̡
Ԫ˧
ҶǳյϢʱһ
ͬʱ򿪻磬Ӻ˳ͶӰͷų
ϼһ㿴ǺӺ˳Ԫ˧ҪϹˣҵ鹥ˡ
ҶǳЦ
߿УҲ˺Ӻ˳ͶӰɵɫһ䡣
ȻعأԶԸһСʵ޳ܡӺ˳Ÿ߿еͶӰƥ
ҲʶӺ˳ϾӺ˳ǿߵܴҸСӵ˽˶ԹӺ˳ñ֣ʥŶûô
ʥţߣԪ˧ѵɵʥţӺ˳˵ֱ꣬ӹصͨѶȫٳϹ
ȴһѿ
û뵽Ҷǳֱ˾ȻǺӺ˳ǳͨռ֮ʱ֮ٶϱһЩԪ˧Ҫ졣
Ԫ˧ҪϹҪһʱ䣬ǺӺ˳ĻͿˡ
ۣ
ںӺ˳ʱһܵҶǳ鹥ˡ
ãҵأһӺ˳ϹҾˡڿ־ˡ
ܵصеҶǳϢɴڣȻ˺ܶ࣬ҲûںӺ˳֮ǰɱ
ο̫ˣʱ¼ɱҶǳҲᱻӺ˳ɱ
Сӣˣ´һɱ㡣
޺޵صһҶǳصĵصףȻת뿪
ٶȺܿ죬һӾӳҶǳ鹥Χ

صףҶǳܵȥʱЦ
Ӯˡ
Ȼûɱȴס
λȥһҪ%20´ҾͲˡ
Ҷǳа뵽
һǾգû˽ӽ
úܲգҪ塣
ϥڵصףҶǳתӡָơ
ǳǿ󣬲Ƿ͹ǿָҲǳˡ
οгӡڣҶǳƻָĺܿ졣
Ͼָס
ϼһܵҰ˾ŴĽĹ궼Ҫˣʱ޷ָƣϲһεľսˡ
ҶǳЦ
ѻָǼֻܿʱ䣬ָ
أ
ָ֮ҶǳʱأȻźӺ˳ķȥ
ɲڴ˵Ӻ˳򿴵Ӻ˳һµʵࡣ
Ҷǳ뱩¶ԼĻ壬ΪӵС澭һʱ϶ˡ
Ҷǳ
뿪˵زãҶǳͼ˺Ӻ˳
Ӻ˳ٶȺܿ죬յ˱ѾҶǳǰˡ
СӣȻû£ǼһأӺ˳ҶǳãʱϲɫҲ˿
ֻҪҶǳûһεսӮˡ
Ҷǳæ˵ҴһƣҾյϢˣҿԪ˧ļʱȻҾˡ
ʲôȻԵסһƣӺ˳Եɴ۾
ղȻͨͶӰͶӰϾҶǳƿأҶǳû֪ѾҶǳˡ
𾪵ǣʵ£ȻûһɱҶǳ
ǴҲ޷һɱҶǳ
Ӻ˳к𺳣Сֻһ
ǺǣһĹʵǡҲ֪ҵ޷ʱֻܾǿԼıҶǳ͵
Ӻ˳Ȼ漴ͷܶԣ鹥ֻҪסɱˡڵʵҿһĴĶˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦĻ%20ͺӺ˳ǿ߶Ķˡ


1384 ʥ
ϷӪ
һػˡ
·Ϸٿɫ׷׶ԶԶģ±йŭ
˭
ɫڰ
˵ȥսˣûսԪ˧³ˣЩϹذ
죬̸Щˡ

Ϸľæ뿪˵ء
ɫѿػصԼӣ͵һӡ
أ
ǰӶʱһƬ顣
û뵽ֻСϾȻܹɳһιܵסһӵôǿ鹥ɫˮ
Ҷǳʵеһ˿в
ҶǳķǿһЩǾܵסĹ
֮ȴ޷סҶǳĹ
ʱǲҶǳĶ֣
ҪǣҶǳ鹥ֲ̫ˣҪǶԸʥŵĵӡϣһһƬ
˫Ѿˣʥ˵һ޴в
ֻܽ赶ɱˣ
һ漴¼磬ϵֱ˾ӰԪ˧
ܿ죬һͶӰһ˵ѹǰ
˵㲻عȥսˣĻսִԪ˧ˣҺӰԪ˧һ֣
ĶȻô죿
һҲĳҶǳĵλæ˵Ԫ˧ҲΪϷ»֪Ǳ߳һȻֻΪȴͨ鹥鹥ĴвУӵлܹ˾ųʵСһʵ
ɫĳӰԪ˧˵Ԫ˧ǲʮλͳȥɱɱƬײһʿûӳˣһȵսʱ˭ֵܵĵ
ӰԪ˧֮ɫʱʵ鹥˵ô
Ԫ˧ҵƾ֪ˣһұƵزһĴԪ˧ʱ˭ܵס鹥
æ¶Լơ
ܵ˾ųĽĹ궼ǧٿףƷǳء
˻
ӰԪ˧ƣɵõһһ
ƣµȵսʼ޷ָˡ
öôǿ鹥ƣ
ӰԪ˧ɫޱء
ʵǿҶǳĻ
ϾҲֻܶԸһЩСԸУο̶ȵĴ
Ҷǳ鹥Ϳֲˡ
ӰԪ˧ʵȻǿ󣬵ǵľ࣬ڵΡ
ȻסҶǳ鹥ôҲһס
ʱҶǳڻսֺ湥ϻսֵĹ¼ֲ˶ãҪɱ
һ뵽ֺӰԪ˧һ䣬Ŀ¶ɱ
һλԪ˧ɱǳֲΧ¶ȶ½ˣ·ݶ
ܵӰԪ˧ɱһϲæ˵ϧαӺ˳ʱСӣȻҾɱˡԪ˧ӱȻⳡսӮҾˡʱԪ˧ǶΣա
֪ˣúûָƣһԴġӰԪ˧˵ͷ漴ͶӰʧˡ
һĻʱ¶ЦݣҶǳĵ˿ɲֹһˣϷĴԪ˧ǣҵҪܻܲս
ЩϷĴԪ˧ܹҶǳȻҶǳ鹥֪һЩǿԵֵ鹥ġ
ϷΪ֮һȻȱ

Ӫ
Ҷǳӹս󣬱һ߻ָƣһ߲鿴Լս
Ȼǳ⡣
һõսϴθ࣬Ͼɱʮӣɱλͳ죬˲ս
4700ڣ
Ҷǳڵս
Щս㹻Ҷһʣµʥ𣬲ȥսðˡҶǳ뵽
αеĶǣȥսðˡ
ãսҲ㹻ˡ
óǧսһʣµʥҶǳ㼯ʥˡ
ӣҶǳȫָƣĻƣܿͻָˡ
Ȼ¼ԼʣµʥӽȥʥҶǳϲ
ѽԺͽʥˡ
Ҷǳ¼񽣣ʱЦݡ
ܹܵʥ֮صѾ׳Щ޽ӽʥˡ
ʵϣѽƷѾʥˣֻʥʥ˼̺ʥ˵
ԣѽԶԶȲʥ
ٿԺɨˡ


1385 ս
ʥ֮Ҷǳͼ壬֮ǰһսףֻԼĻ壬ʸԿЩ۷ǿߡ
Ѿʥ𣬵ò񼶲ϣҾ޷̤硣ԣ壬Ψһĳ·
Ҷǳа뵽
磬ôҪǿʵֻͨ壬ǿսˡ
֮ǰһս˻ǿ
ŹҪԣԶ
䣡
Ҷǳʼͨڶƽ֮ţûڹսôС̽𣬰Ͱؽ
ٶҲͺˡ
Ҷǳ%13ʱһ洫ҶǳĶС
Ҷǳ׼һ£սʼˡǺӺ˳
ûʹû磬ֱӴȻ˵Ҫԡ

Ҷǳ۾һ¶һĨź֮ɫ
ûн%20ⳡսľս㿪ʼˣ˵һϢ
ⳡսֻսִԪ˧ıˡ
ҶǳĿ΢΢һ
֪ԼڵĻ壬סǿߣ˵ֵսּĴԪ˧ˡ
ԣֻܿսֱ
ⳡսҪԣսֻҪɵͲ¡
ԣİȫԻǿԵõ֤ġ
¡¡
ͻȻ𶯣·ڡ
ȻյϢĲֹҶǳһˣеľٶյˡ
ʱӪȫԱ߳սΪ׵ıλԪ˧ҶǳпϤĻսִԪ˧
ÿһλԪ˧󣬶ʮλԪ˧Ӻ˳С
Ҷǳ˿̾ʹ־ںӺ˳󣬽ս
Ҷ֣
ղ̩ҶǳߣϢǿˣȻϴϷս˴սʵˡ
Ҷǳ֪ղ̩ʵھս֮УҲֻһڻҶѡ
֪ҵ鹥Ҫ뿪ķΧ֮ڣ棬ҵ鹥ʱ֧Ԯ㡣
Ҷǳղ̩
ղ̩имѣæͷ
֪Ҷǳ鹥ֲܻܿɱҶǳ鹥֧ԮֻҪûЩԪ˧Ԫ˧ϣͲΣա
ȻЩԪ˧Ԫ˧ҲᶢС
һߡӢѾͨһսΪͳˡ
һǳԼ¾ӣҶǳߡ
ͳ죬ҪչһҡӢЦ
ҶǳЦԼǴͳˣԺְɡ
ңǰҿɲҳƴͳ죬ԶҵĴͳ졣Ӣæ˵ǴⱧҶǳĴˡ
ҶǳȻһЦӢ˵ʱ㣬һὫ򸲸סľӡ
лͳ죡Ӣæл
зǳ˷ܣֻҪлİаκε˵ľӡ
֣ͳô־Ĵͳô𾴣
˵ͳǰ־ͳ죬˾
ɣ־ĴͳֻһѣǴͳǴôôη־Ĵͳ죿

ӢҶǳĽ̸ӢµľǶһԻ󲻽⡣
һһȻЦͷɻأúܲ⡣
Ӣǵɵһ־ԱߣȥǾȥ˭ӣź򡣡
ǸˣӢ벻ںƨƨߵظղ̩ԱߣΪ֪ղ̩ҶǳĹϵܺá
Ҷǳ
߿Уսִ
ҶǳʱɫһԪ˧
Ӻ˳ٶȳԪ˧Ұ㣬㾡ܷģҳǰ棬кӺ˳㣬㲻Σաս˵
ս֪Ҷǳп϶ϾҶǳֻһҶǳġ
ֻˣҶǳ԰ط鹥ǡ
Ԫ˧ˡҶǳæͷ
ʱӺ˳ѾҶǳԱߣС
ˣӺ˳ԵúڣһҲġΪóٶȺӶݣԪ˧Ҳɱⳡսȫġ
ҶСӣ߾ˡӺ˳ҶǳЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ʵԪ˧սʲôӣȹĸֱӻս
ĸսֻнĸսȫӮսӺ˳Ц˵
ҶǳȻĸսѾȥսˡ
Ӻ˳˵ÿսҪһλԪ˧ʣµλԪ˧˾вӦһ˸𹥻θ𹥻ģǻսִԪ˧
Ҷǳ꣬ͿսǸսȻǵһĿǶ


1386 
սҶǳԼ־һΣԵúϤ
˿̣ľѾսĽ
֮Уǿ޿ġ
ԣսߵľǳӴλԪ˧򣬻ʿ
ǹϰȻλԪ˧ӦһҲֻλԪ˧ôսǾֻһλԪ˧ˡ
Ӻ˳һЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ֮УǿλԪ˧ĴֻλԪ˧
˵ĴֻԪ˧ּǿߣ֮УܹﵽԪ˧ּĴڣԸΪЧģҲֻλ
Ͼﵽ˴Ԫ˧ּ𣬾ʥҲֻ벽֮ңǵĵλܸߣңڣҲûʸǡ
ǲԸЧҲû취
ּĴڣҪѺܴ֣ܽЧ
ԣû뵽һεĶǡ
߿Уսִȵ
͹ԣǶ涫λԪ˧һӣһǰ׷ߣƶǳֲٻս֮¡
ڻսֵߣҲһλĴԪ˧˾嫺һˡȻǿᣬͶ֪ˡ
¡¡
λԪ˧ǿƶƴѹǳֲҿվڸ߿УȻʿҪѹſ¡
Ӻ˳ҶǳˣҿλԪ˧
̫ǿˣ
ҶǳкȻ
ĸԪ˧ڵգռ䶼ŤˣǿֲƣһƬսˣ·һǽǰΧ˿̤ڵ
Ҷǳ֮ǰԪ˧ǿսڿλԪ˧ףڴԪ˧ǰԪ˧ྐྵȻô
£Ԫ˧ڴԪ˧ǰҲֻԱ֮ûз֮
ս֣˾嫺þûдһˣЩ곤˶١
ĴԪ˧Ц
ͺܴ󣬵һɽ緢ȵϢΧ¶ȶ˺ܶࡣ
֮УлȼգԶԶȥ̫۾棬Ե÷ǳ𺳡
ϼһ˵Ļһսֱһ¡սַһĳХֱӱɱԡ
ͬʱԱߵ˾嫺ȻҲ
λԪ˧˵սսû˿ˮ
䣡
ձ˺ѣȵĻⱬ
һ񵶣ԽУһǰƬضһпȵĵâңңնս֡
ৣ
սǹǹӰֲգ׾پͽԵĵâסˡ

Цһ֣ŵâٶһս֡
δǹȵĻˣѾ
;֧֣վԷ飬ĵâΪһ壬һ
Ľ
Ҷǳ˿Ѿ۳ĽŹԹɱȥ
ȻĽ̽Եʱȴһεˡ
ţ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬𾪵ҵ鹥Ȼƽˣ
Ӻ˳һ
ԶսּսĹԹЦ鹥𣿻ս֣Ȼ֪ǵ˭ͨ鹥ͷһУϴһǿԷ鹥ǵ鹥ûá
ȻҶǳڶɱ˲ٴö׼
ԭˣҶǳɫ֮ǰҲӺ˳˵ˣһЩԵֵ鹥
£˵Ҫ̰սͲǰ¶Լ鹥Ӷö׼ˡ
֪λԪ˧û
ҶǳתͷԶ˾嫺սٶһĽɱȥ
֮ǰĹһλԪ˧Ҳ鹥ֵסĽ
ˣ̽ˣԪ˧ЩԪ˧ûСӺ˳Ц
Ҷǳʱ۾һ԰ҲǴײˣ˶
£ҲֻüλԪ˧װϡ
ЩһԪ˧϶ûˡ
ۣ
ҶǳһĽɱܽһλԪ˧ȻλԪ˧ܵشѪɳȥ
ɱɱǵԪ˧λԪ˧Ӻ˳ʮλԪ˧ȵ
¡¡ҶǳĻҲ˳ȥԼ־ԼļӡԶĻչ˲ˡ
ʱϵѾˣԪ˧١ʿȫսһ
ҶǳںӺ˳ԱߣĽһδشŶԪ˧


1387 
ȻЩԪ˧ǶûܵҶǳĽ֮󣬶ʱܴʵԪ˧һһܡ
սһ浹Ľ
ЩԪ˧ǣľǡʿǣҲռϷ硣
ΪʵͱȶǿҶǳĻ鹥֧ԮȻǽڽʤ
ԣǶˣͶɣʡʧ޴󡣡߿УսֹЦ
ڣҲֻλԪ˧ԵסλԪ˧Ĵͽڽڰˡ
ս֣˵̫ˣǸжǿ϶Ըǵġߵ
ٺ٣ǾͲǵˡսЦ
ˣ˲ԶվںӺ˳ԱߵҶǳһۣ漴˳˵
ܵλԪ˧ϬĿ⣬Ҷǳʱһ䣬˸
ȻλĴԪ˧Ѿ֪Ǿͨ鹥Ļ֡
ϾӺ˳һԪ˧һɵӶܿ⡣
㱻ҲûϵӺ˳ı֪ģҲûɱҶǳ
ЩԪ˧Ҷǳ鹥֮£ѾֲסˡԲˣǶԼˣϾǿɲɵƴһս
ⳡս˵ҲϷЩСԵڻҡ
Щվ۷Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ɲΪ˻ؾһҪƴƴǿɶ̤ʥ˾ģɲôɵ
ԣȹ˳˵֮ЩԪ˧Ǳһѷս
ЩٺʿǣҲʼӴܡ
ʿɲ֣ͣЩʿɶһս
ֻи߿еԪ˧Ԫ˧ǣѡ֣ͣǻעȵģѾӮˣûҪ
Ӯ𣿡
ҶǳŵӴܵĶʿǣɵÿԱߵĺӺ˳Ԫ˧
Ӻ˳Ц˵˵ӮԶչ涨ѾսܵĹԺǲٽսˡԣֻʣλԪ˧ˣ⣬ǳʧȥʤʸ񡣡
ҪȥҶǳʵ
Ӻ˳û˵սѾɹˣҶǳ˵˾嫺Ԫ˧ضսȥս
ţ
ȻսִԪ˧򿪻磬ԱߵĺӺ˳Ҳ򿪻磬ȻյʲôϢ¶֮ɫ
ΣӺ˳Ÿ̾Ƕ죬û뵽ǶҲ졣
սֿɻҶǳڸղţϷҲɱ򶫷ѾսܣǳױˣڹսֻʣĴˡ
ҶǳƺϾһˡ
ϼҰϢֹˡӺ˳һԿЦ
Ҷǳʱ۾һɣ֣Ǿˡ
ȥɣҲˣϽȥסսɡ
սһ֣˱һ𳷳ս
ǸϻʱյϢȻϷͱ֣ˡ
սֺͺӺ˳Ī˴۶СۣЩ⡣
ǲֶԸôԼﷴˣӺ˳Цá
սǾѾ㹻ԸˣֻʣϷͱһˡ
ҶǳԱû˵ֻйâ˸
úλĴԪ˧һǾȷֳλԪ˧ϷλԪ˧סȽϷٻعͷԸ
ҶǳҲλԪ˧ǰϷս
ȫ֣ϷҵıǱ߻ŲסӺ˳Ҷǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷһĪĹâ
ս֣ˡһЦ
ԶϷս߿УվŰ˸ưӰǰλԪ˧
ôܣӺ˳ͫһɵϷôа˸Ԫ˧
Ǳģսֳ
ô֪׼ȽϷӺ˳¶֮ɫ
ȽϷƻλԪ˧ƶģλԪ˧⣬ҲֻӺ˳Ҷǳ֪˶֪
λԪ˧ǲ͸¶ϢӺ˳ҶǳȻҲᣬôӦò֪Ŷԡ
ڣǱսλԪ˧ҲֻʣλԪ˧պóƽ
ߣϷϱȴǰλԪ˧ȫѹ
ǰ֪ļƻϷͱôôɵӦԷ


1388 ٶ
λϷĴԪ˧λĴԪ˧ǰ˸˴ܴѹ
ΪֻԪ˧ʣµô
ս֣䶨ˣϷĴԪ˧ӰЦ
Ҷǳ󿴵һˣ
ϼһڡҶǳ˸ɱ⡣
ʵ̫ǿˣҶǳɲϣڰжţóδսնɱһС
ߣȻҲҶǳͬɱ⡣
ϾҶǳһԪ˧վһ𣬵ȻĿ
СӣˣаλԪ˧ҿСӻӵõ
ҶǳЦһ𣿴ҵһɱ㣡
ĸصػȥһ鹥ѾûЧˡ
ôҲһʥصȨߣȻһҲŪ
ҶǳһȻҪɱЩѶˡ
Ҷǳ̽һ£λԪ˧ǲȫսֵ
ʱսѾˣϷľȫһɺײ
ֻλԪ˧ûдֻλϷĴԪ˧𹥻
սִ˿̱ܵλԪ˧ĹһϷĴԪ˧һĴԪ˧
λĴԪ˧ҲܵжԴԪ˧ΧƲֹۡ
Ľ
ҶǳͷųĽŻսֵһɱȥȻԷֻЦһ⡣
ȻλԪ˧
Ҷǳû˿⣬ԷȻѾ֪鹥ôǰ׼Ҳġ
Ҷǳһ֮̽󣬷ЩԪ˧ɼЩԪ˧ԼǺϧġ
ʵϣҲȻǱĻǻֱӸӹ
ûսǺʧ֮£ֻҶǳԸЩԪ˧
ûҶǳԸǣżԪ˧Ѿɱˡ
СӾͨ鹥Ҫʮβɱǣڴ֮䣬Ӯˡ
ܴŵ⼸Ԫ˧ǱܴӵԪ˧Щ˸Ҷǳ鹥
ߣӺ˳ɱץסҶǳԶɶݡ
¡¡
ҶǳųԼȻԪ˧ּǿСٻеãܹǵٶȡ
Ӻ˳ٶռƣ˻İ͸Ӳᱻ׷ˡ
ãɵòڣǸвǡ㲻ˣȫĶԸЩûԪ˧ɡӺ˳Ц
Ҷǳ˿̵ȷڶԸЩûϷԪ˧ˣӺ˳սӣǸ׷ϣɵܻŭ
ۣ
һλϷԪ˧ܵҶǳ鹥Ѿشֲסˡ
Ԫ˧ˣλϷĴԪ˧ԶȥٲⳡսСˡ
ȻоսܣԴԪ˧Ԫ˧û˿ãǿΥǿڡ
ɱ
ҶǳٶȶԸһϷԪ˧鹥֮£ϷԪ˧ڽڰˣһʼ˳ս
ûҶǳˣӺ˳ɫصض˵ҶǳǵˣսѾˣսִԪ˧ֲסˣҪ˳սˡ
ҶǳȻһתͷսǱߣȻڵжԪ˧Χ£
˫ȭѵְͬǴԪ˧ǵʵʻսôͬʱԿͬĶء
λĴԪ˧ҲΧ֮
ղ̩Ӣ룬ܰɣˡҶǳǰղ̩Ӣ봫Լµ־ϾԼ£ǰϢҲʧС㡣
٣ЩԪ˧ζǳ֡
ӰǺݣȽؾٸǺúˡսֳХһԶˡ
ȻڵжλԪ˧Χ£Ʋᣬ
ڻս֮ΧĴԪ˧ߣʣµԪ˧һˡ
Ҷǳ͸źӺ˳ˣǸϷİλԪ˧ں׷ĴҲɢˣ˶ӣɢ
Ҷǳǰѣղ̩Ӣ롢־ȴһߣ˶סʧ
Ԫ˧ѾԶսˣԼӰɡ뿪ϷսҶǳԺӺ˳˵
Ӻ˳ԷҶǳûж룬ѾԶսû˿вҶǳˡ
ҶǳкӺ˳ԼˣȥսֵΡ
ȴ֪ҶǳûߣǸսķ
Ҷ֣þòúҶǳһϤӰԼ

Ҷǳû˿ȣͬЦ˵ο˴ֱʣϷˣˡ
ҪлϣȻҲ֪Ǳߵ΢Ц
ǵӦҵģȥɱҶǳ˵
ЦľǵΣҵľҲǵΣ֣Ҳס
֪Ҳֻǿֵסε鹥ҵ鹥Ѿﵽ˵ڣټ鹥ǵȵ۷鹥ҲסҶǳŵ
ҲƵؿԵֵס鹥һ鹥ﵽ˼ޣֵͬס
Ҷǳ鹥һǾͿȵ۷弶鹥Ǵﵽ˻½ļˡ
Ͼ߲ε鹥ǿ߲еľ£δ˵˿Դﵽ
ţҶǳȻ㣬Ȼһ
Ȼǰ˼ӰһɢǿϢΪ׵һˣȻ
Ҷǳ۾һУǰƯһѪ
Ȼͨҵλõģ񵱳Ϸսҵһ
ΪɱӣԼѪ֮ЯԹ׷𣿡ҶǳܿͿԭ
ѾҪ֪ԭˣΪҪˡ
ҶǳӺ˳أȻûиӺ˳һ𣬿үڰҰһɨΧûкӺ˳ʱЦ
ǻҪȥμյľսսϷһҪӮԱһϢǿӰ˵ȻϷһλԪ˧
ңҶǳ۾һУԱߵһۣͬʱε
䣡
εķ籩չһǰδеľ޴ĽʱϷԪ˧ɱȥ
ۣ
ϷԪ˧ֱӾͱɱˡ
ʬ˾ˣΪǿɶﰡ


1389 Ѷ
ôܣԪ˧ôᱻ鹥ɱ
һ˵
ȻǰǾ׹ڵϵʬȴü١
ǿһλԪ˧һĴ۷ǿ߻ҪȻһɱˣۿǶš
ҶԹѾãҲýˡҶǳ䶢
ܵҶǳǳɱĿ⣬һ䣬˸˵ģӡ
δ䣬˱ѾԶ
ϧٿҲ첻Ҷǳ鹥
䣡
Ҷǳ۳һ޴Ľһꡣ
ۣ
Уɴ۾ƺҲû뵽ԼȻڹսһ
ӣ
ߣ

ʣ¼ϷԪ˧ҲӣҶǳһһɱ
ֵסҶǳһˣûӵߵġ
գ֮䣬ϷԪ˧㶼Ҷǳˣֻʣһ߾߱ʬ塣
ǶǴ۷ĳǿߣû뵽ת֮ͱɱˣ˵ȥ¶û˻šԱߵһп
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦûİҲɱǡ
˵ţҶǳ˹ȥЩԪ˧౦оЯÿԪ˧һ
ⶫֵʥ϶Ҫ󡣡˵
ҶǳЦһһ롣
˵꣬ͰһսƷ
Ҳûֱ֣¡
߰ɣǸȥɨβˡԶսϷͱֹ
ҶǳЦǱӮˣ
ˣûһ㲻ģԤϡ
Ϊ˼ϸдϢġ
Ϊڴսʱ˵һ仰
Ҷ֣ӮˣǶ˶ʮؾôͲҪİˡ෴ˣڻؾջ񣬾ͱҪİ
仰ҶǳȻ
԰Ӯˣ˶ʮ㹻ǲǿ߽ؾõı϶Զ
ΨⳡսôǾֻʮؾ˵ܲ
ʱŻ뵽鹥Ըؾ
ȻҶǳ֮ԸӮսԭһǺ
һǰýؾ
Ȼһλʥʦ𣬵漰ؾҲѻáǣΰսʤôܻһؾ
ʱڻؾ֣֮㹻ɨнеǿߡ
ǸʱҶǳлõ񼶵Ĳϣ硣
ߣȥβɣ
ҶǳЦһս
û֪ⳡ漰սȻСŪڹ֮䡣
ŶҶǳǸСѾǴһλʥʦڱǱߵλܸߣҪȻҲл뱱ľȨ
Ҳˡ
ҶǳϵսʱʣλԪ˧ѾˣĴҲˣٺʿڵߡ
Ϸͱû׷ΪʱѾ
Ǿսʱˡ
Ϸͱⳡս֮вǿģֻΣȴߵ󣬲ò˵úܶ˴۾
Ҷ֡
ŴսһӣɵÿҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴һ𣬴߶ĽɱһλϷĴԪ˧
ۣ
λԪ˧ﻤ壬شѪɳȥ
ô£λϷĴԪ˧±ˣôᱻ鹥ɱ
ңǸͨ鹥˲ѵҲһͨ鹥ǿߣ
ۣ
ûĿǻᣬҶǳĽһɱ
ϷĴԪ˧ٴαشﻹͣҲ룬ֱԶȥ
ߣҶǳЩź˵Ԫ˧̫ˣټ֣ҪĽɱ
ԴԪ˧ǵٶȣεĹʱ䣬ԷѾˡ
Ǻǣû£ҲһҪɱǣֻҪǾˡЦ˵
һϷĴԪ˧߾ͿճһλԪ˧սʤƽ⣬Ѿ򱱷ˡ
ҶǳٴʩչĽһϷĴԪ˧
սʱûκ⣬ѾӮˡ
𣬻ؾټѶҶǳˡ
Ҷ֣ؾϽҡ˵
ҶǳЦлˡ


1390 
뿪սصľӪҶǳ͸ܵһįͺϵϢ
ȻЩԪ˧Ԫ˧û⣬һЩٺʿ¶ġ
ϾǿһʱǺε緢ȴⳡս
úܶľٺʿܴ
ղ̩Ӣ룿
Ҷǳ֮󣬱ϵˣȷû£ŷһЩ
û£־ҲʧСΪҶǳǰѣ־һ˳սС
ľӣͳ춼˺ö࣬ء
սҲ뿪Ӫˣ
صԼӣҶǳʼ˼Ժ顣
սˣҲҪٴھӪˡ
սɱ˺üλϷԪ˧ЩԪ˧һֵǧս
Ҷǳڵսһˡ
ʥѾˣһڶս㹻ˡ
Ҫ뿪Ӫ͵ӵݣתΪһλҵʵӦÿתΪȥҺӺ˳Ԫ˧ʿ
Ҷǳո뵽Ӻ˳֪ͨȥһˡ
ȻӺ˳Ҳ֪Ϣˡ
Ӻ˳סҶǳֳ˺Ӻ˳֮⣬սִԪ˧Ҳ
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧Ҷǳæ
սЦŰ˰֣ÿˡ
Ӻ˳ҲʾҶǳ£ǳ顣
Ҷǳеһ˿ͬѰ
ֻսֺͺӺ˳ҶǳĿгӡ
Ԫ˧ǣҶǳЩ鱻
ֻսֽҶǳЦ˵Ҫţֻһ£鹥ܹ𣿡
Ȼ
Ҷǳһͻæҡͷôܣ֮ǰѾ̽ˣûáȻĻҲˡ
ԱߵĺӺ˳ҶСӣ㻹֪սǱӮˡܹ֮ϷΪǱҲһһͨ鹥ǿߡң˵鹥ܹϷĴԪ˧
ʲô
Ҷǳʮϵؾȴ˿λԪ˧ûл
սֿҶǳʵҶСӣҲͨ鹥˵˵ľǿʲô̶ȣķ
Ҷǳе۷˭Ȼôǿǵʥ˰ɣ
ʥǲսġսҡͷ
һԵĺӺ˳ؿҶǳЦ˵˵˻ЩϵǱһλʥĵӣһӻǿչ·
𣿡
Ҷǳȵľͱǿö࣬û뵽ѾͻƵ˵Σﵽ۷塣Ҳľ츳Ƿǳġǰľġ˵ҵǰ
ҶǳûԷƱҵõ걦ʯôľôﵽΣܳԽ
ľϣš
ԭǻԨԴսֻȻѹľǰǿҶǳĺ󱲡
Ӻ˳ҶǳʵҶСӣﻤ壬ټܷܲס鹥
Ǻǣ⵱Ȼû⣡Ҷǳһŵ㲻Ҳܹ鹥ϾҺľڵΣȻв࣬㹻ˡ
ҶǳЩѾµսֺͺӺ˳ǵĿˡ
Ϊ鹥ǿһؾǵв̫ˡ
ԣ뵽Լ
Ȼ
ҶǳĻսֺͺӺ˳˿
漴սЦ˵ҶСӣˣһὫȥʱ»һؾ
ҶǳжʱѣæʵʵҲʸؾ
ǺǣɲҪԷƱ
սЦ˵λ˶ʮǱʮǾʮˡǱռƣټλ鹥ǿߣûæ¼ȥ˻ؾҲòһ˿ô
СӾ;Ͱ׼ɣĴԵһԵĺӺ˳Ԫ˧Ц˵
ЩĽΪ٣ûؾˡ
ֻдԪ˧ּǿߣʸؾϾǲǴļޣǽʥ˵ǿߡ
ţ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵Ԫ˧׼뿪ӣһһǳصĳ֮λ֪ʲôûУ
ŶСҪţʵ鹥㹻ˡӺ˳Цպ֪һǳصĳ֮ճˣǳǴǳأҪǧսôսһ𣿡
ҶǳæͷУ
һս


1391 ֮
ҶǳӵǧսսֺͺӺ˳Ҳû̫ȣΪ֪Ҷǳ鹥ȫˢս
ৣ
ֻӺ˳˻֣ĵͼָһص㣬Ц˵ҶСӣ˵ǳرڴ˵أ֮ǡ֮Խ֣ΪǳƯڰУһ
Ҷǳ۾һЦǻɫֻɫĳǳأôûг
Ǻǣɫʲôãһǳصļֵÿ̺ĿԼǳÿӺ˳ȻһЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷȻָԼһЩмֵĲϣÿȻŴȡķãϾԽ࣬ȡķá
ĵ۶ÿ̫ˣǴշѣһӴĲƸ
ҶСӣ֮ǸûʲôмֵĿǳظĳǳضǳǳأеĳǿơˣʲôмֵĿҲѻáԣ֮ǣڴǳصУǼֵ͵һֳǳء
Ӻ˳Ҷǳ˵ȻֵٵͣҲһǳأ˿ڵÿǴķþͺܴˣмˣҲǳصĳ֮λ
ţ
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ǺǣƽǿΪ𡣡Ӻ˳Ц˵
һԵĻսһϷŰؿҶǳЦСӸҲҲ뾺Ҫ֪һˣǧսɲ˸㡣
Ҷǳаڣʧ˾Ȼսһʧˣǿˡ
ϾǧսһСĿԶһʥϰ
ôСҪ֮ǵľ𣿡Ӻ˳Цʵ
ҶǳЦԪ˧ҪεĶֶЩɣԪ˧һˡ
ǺǣɷģԪ˧ġӺ˳ЦŰֵԪ˧д͵ģһҪתΪǲоֱӾת
һԵĻսҲЦ˵㲻õԪ˧Ҿǳس֮λģٶǴ۷ǿߡţҼǵڹսɱһ۷𣿽ʲôӦþǸΡ
Ҷǳüͷ۷Ҳô׻ܵģȻ˻壬ԵֵĹ˵ֵ۷ǿǸˡ
ҲգһԷأһԷľǿأһԷʲôأ
ڻ½ԶСĶ֡
̫СҶǳˡ
Ԫ˧֪ʲôʱʼ֮ǵĳ֮λҶǳѯʵ
ãʱԣĻǾͿһԡϾԳʱ仹ʣ࣬һ»塣
һ%20ôսͿȴ۷壬ο鹥ǿƣԪ˧ˡ
Ǻǣʱ䲻ˣ˰֮Ϳʼ֮һǳأǳأôֻѡһЩСǳˣϾĴǳǺٵģкܶᡣӺ˳Ц˵
Ҷǳԥһ漴ҧãҲμˡ
㲻ʧģһǳأֵƴһ¡Ȼķǧսܿͻ׬ġӺ˳Ц˵
ҶǳתǧսӺ˳ɹμ֮ǵᡣ
ȥú˰֮Ӻ˳Ц
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ȸˡҶǳ漴뿪ˡ
ҶǳıӰʧһԵĻսЦ˵ӣ˵Сܹɹ֮ǵĳ֮λ𣿡
Ӧÿ԰ɣϴûɱԿһ۷壬͸ˡӺ˳˵
սֵ˵ͷЦǿǰСˣ鹥Ҳǿ֮ǰһûз֣ټҸо嶼ܿˡһȻӵôǿ壬治֪ôġ
˵ʲôǿĹҲ֪Сǳģû׼ʲô幦Ӻ˳˵
սָ̾ԲߣҲռ֮ˣϣܹ߳һ·㲻ܳʥ鹥ڴ֮Ҳܹˡ

صԼӣҶǳ鿴һԼսȥǧսֻʣǧսˡ
а˰꣬ԼĻҽ%20취ʵˡ
Ҷǳգͷ׷Сսһ档
ʱһƬĿƷͳҶǳ
ţ
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Ʒʱ


1392 %22
ʱһʥʥ˹ͷʱ󷨣Ӷıʱ١
򵥵˵ⶫģʱһ죬ҲŹȥһѡ
ʥһλͨ󷨵ʥŪģֵǺܴ
Ͼܹ½ǿߣҲǵ޼ޡ
Щߣȱıʱ䣬û˻ɵúķѾ޴ֵʱ
ңʱǸܲĴڣҲ˵ʱڣֻս޷ԼΪ
һʥļֵ͸ˡ
ʱҲһƷҶǳŶһϵʱҡҡͷ
а˰꣬Ҫ֮ǵĳ֮λҪøʱ
򡮵һֻҪʱ㹻ͨڵĻƽ֮ţ塣
ԣʱ԰Ҷǳʡʱ䡣
˰ȫʱĻôҶǳܻð˰ʱ䡣
ȻҶǳҲҪһ˰꣬Ҳһ
ʱļֵٵͣҲһʥһ˵ĺʱһ꣬Ҫһս
Ҳ˵ʱһ꣬Ҫһսʮһǧս
˰꣬ҪսҶǳûôս
ҶǳһóһǧսʱĻͿԶʮʱ䡣
ǧսóһǧսҲ˽ǡ
ʮʱ䣬Ӧѻ%20ߡ
ȻҶǳ֮ԻôһЩûжټֵʱ䣬Ϊ֮ǵĳ֮λҲΪ˼Ļؾ֮С
ڻؾ֮УĶֿɶЩԪ˧壬ôܹЩǿߵƤµõ񼶵Ĳϣ
ˣҶǳҪʱ䣬ҪʱԼĻ塣
СҶһʮʱʱ䡣
Ҷǳϵ
ڿ۳һǧս֮û죬һɫƿն׼ȷҶǳ
Ȼô죿Ҷǳһʱ֮󣬲˿
к𾪣Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ңȻʱԼģѵ¶ʧ±
Ǻܿ죬ҶǳԼˣʥʥ˵ʥ˵ӡǣ˭أ
ǴԪ˧ǵǿߣҲᱻʥ׾ٵغɱ
ҪʱҲʥ˳ֲС
ʱֻһͣûжټֵʥĸʥԸأ
ΪһԼûмֵʥһλǿʥˣʥҲô
ԣҶǳһǧս֮ʱ˾̽ʱˡ
ˣʮ֮ʱԼߣ㻹ץʱȥɡˣʱӡѾĻˡԱߵС˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷܿͻ˽ʱӡһŵӡ׾ʩչ
һ̣Ҷǳͻһâʱڡ
ʱڲһӴСĿռ䣬ûƷҶǳȥ֮󣬾ϥ£ʼ塣
ʱһ꣬Ҳֻǹȥһ꣬Դ翴Ҷǳֻʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬գۼ
ʮ֮ҶǳͱʱˣʱҲһâƿնȥʧʡ
ʮ꣬ҾȻһӱչʮ꣬½ûôʱ䣬õһˡ
Ҷǳƿնȥʱп֮ɫ
½ҲżѣһӾʮ꣬ȴõһˡ
ʮȷʵǿࡣ
Ļ壬Ѿ%13%22սͿȴ۷ǿˡ
ټ鹥ҶǳãǻսĴԪ˧ҲĶˡ
Ȼսִô޷ս֡
½ֻҪʥϵǿߣҲǳԱ֮ˡ
Ҷǳ̺֮ǿ˷ܵĹâ
忰ȴ۷壬鹥ܹشԪ˧ֶΣʵڴѾǶˡ
٣Ա㹻ˡ
սǿߣ޷ɱˡ
ȶ֮ǵĳ֮λҾڻ½̣ڵʵҲ㹻ˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ûϸëϢǵԼ֮ǵĳ֮λ֮ٸһϲ
½꣬ҪԼĵˡ
ҶǳЩ
ʱ䣬Ҷǳûˣǲʱ֮
֮ǰѾӺӺ˳ʱֻ֮һֱûʱѡ
һʱ֮


1393 
ʱ֮򣬶Ҷǳ˵ֱˮɡʱ䣬ͳɹʱ֮ȻϿռ֮ˡʱԾǨ
Ҷǳһֱ۲ϾԺ򲻹Ķ֣Ҳܹʱˡ
ң·ٶȣȳҶǳԺ󶼲Ҫˡ
Ҷǳںǿʱ˳ˡ
Ѿʱֻ֮Ҫõ񼶲ϣ̤硣ҵĻֱۣӾͿԽ硣
Ҷǳ뵽
ڵķ棬Ѿﵽ˴Ρ
ڲı񼶲ˡ
ϧⶫֻܵȽؾ취ȡ
չʱƶҶǳʱǰӺ˳Ԫ˧ס
ҶСӣ˰Ӻ˳Ҷǳʱе飬Ц˵
Ҷǳæ񣬶λչԼԪ˧Ǻ𾴵ġ
ضãȻһҪȥ㡣Ӻ˳˰֣漴һ֣ǰʱһĻ¶߸ߴӰ
⣿ҶǳɻؿӺ˳Щ²⡣
Ӻ˳ָǰ߸˶Ҷǳ˵εľ֣Ǵ۷ǿߡʵǿǷֱȽɺͻ
Ӻ˳صָˣһᣬһӡȽɣǻ
Ҷǳ˵Ԫ˧˵ǸɢޣһڴǱμӾѡģڴζ˴ǵĵһ
ţˡʵǿҶӽˡҪǣѾͶʮ߻ˣȻҲûʸ֮ǡӺ˳˵
ʮ߻ӣ
Ҷǳɫʱô꣬ҲЩ˽⡣Щʥ˺⣬ʮ߻Ӻ;Żӵλˡ
ʵϥ£ֻʮ߻Ӻ;Ż츳ߣѾʱ̤ʥ˾磬ֻҰĴǿѹΪûͻưˡ
˶֪һʾ֮еһҲһֱ£δ֮λ
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˵ʮ߻ӵ͵λ͵ʮ߻ӱ˵ʵͲҶǳڿԿġ
λʮ߻ѾԳʥֻǿѹΪһͻʥ˾磬ֱӾܳΪʥ
ҶǳҲ֪ʥ˾Ļ֣ճʥСʥһЩʵǿʥǴʥ
Ȼǹʥǵܴ󣬵̻ʵɲ⡣
ʦ𣬱Ǳһλʥڱĵλźܸߡ
ʥ֮ϣʥʣʥ
Ҫ㿴̫Ҫˣʮ߻ǵɲ
Ӻ˳ҶǳĵǣɵЦʵǿгʥϣ˲űʮ߻ӿءСӣʮ߻ӲŲأ֮ǻԼ˼ʮ߻ûϵעСġ
ҶǳһЦԼȷˣʮ߻ǵ￴صлʥǿߣԼõ񼶵ĲϣҲֻܳΪԼע޷ʥ
߰ɣҴȥǣҲȥ֮ǡӺ˳վҶǳ֡
һ뿪ǰԶһǳء
һλԪ˧ڵĳǳأһ̨ɹе˱Խϼ
е߶˷ȻҲгԹˣͬΪʿǲ˽ᣬҪԹͿ̨һ
˷֮ǵĳ֮λ̨У̨ʥ˲õ󷨣ǴԪ˧ǿսҲɺܴƻ
ӣˡ
Сһ˵ͨ鹥վºӮ

̨ѾвˣԪ˧׷׸Ӻ˳к
ȻЩԪ˧Ҳ˺Ӻ˳ԱߵҶǳ
ҶǳҲ֮ڹսʱҶǳЩԪ˧˵жԪ˧鹥ڳԪ˧ӡ
ҶǳֻһЩԪ˧Ҳ֪ȱ㡣鹥Ȼǿ󣬵
ӣ̨ս̨С㶼㲻ˣֻͷųһ鹥ҪɱһԪ˧Ц˵ȻҶǳ
Ӻ˳һЦҶҶǳġ
˵꣬ʾҶǳ̨
ʱ̨Ѿվ߸ˣһɫĴǿҶǳ̨׷׿˹
ʱҶǳܵһɹǿѹ
Щ˶Ǵ۷ǿߣÿ˵ĿⶼѹȸУһվסˡ
ҶǳȴǵһЦûе¡
ı֣սһЩԪ˧¶Ⱥ֮ɫ


1394 
̨ϣλ۷弶ǿ߿Ҷǳ̨ûжپȣֻЩѡ
Ͼ֮ǰѾ˽ԼĶ֡
ҶǳҲ˵Ͼ鹥Ŀֲ˶ǳ
ǶԼģ鹥ǿֻҪһɱǣǾܷһɱҶǳ
ҶСѣҽлǶڴǵǼǱμӾѡġ
һӶҶǳЦǻ
ϵղǺأֻ֮ǵĳ֮λûʲôޡ
ˣ˴˽̸ܺ
ǰҶĳжšҶǳ΢΢һЦ
ʱһ˶ҶǳЦ˵Ҷֵܣ֣ȳǡұ㣬鹥ȳǣȻһۣΣ
ЩЦ滢ЦصȻЦݺʢЦĺܼ٣ҶǳܷС
źӺ˳չʾĻʱϳ˾ȽɣҲǺӺ˳صܵһˡ
Ƚɣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
ҶСѣǺɡ
ҶСѣҺɣȽɵʵǿ뻢ıƤ

ȽɵĻ˶ɫһ䡣
ҶǳǲɵΪǶţԼһܹ̭Ҷǳ
ǣҶǳȽɱô̭ıǡ
Ͼʱ޷ҶǳôҶǳ鹥ֻܸʰ·硣
ˣЩ˵ɫˣ׷£ҶǳҲʼ
һʱ䣬Ҷǳģ£
ҶСѣְɣôҲڴǱμӾѡģЩԨԴҲʼ£Ҷǳ
ҶֵܣǧǼ˵УȽʵǿǺֻǰװװǡ˶Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳȻһЦЩ˻ԼӣҪ
ˣĹûУ׼ʼɣ
ʱһλԪ˧ȵ
̨ϣ˵ɫʱ
һ̣λԪ˧óһɫƣɢ貵Ľâ
ҶǳǵĿⶼ˹Ƕ֪ƴʲô֮ǵĳһܲٿ֮ǵĻǴ
֮Ĵǳأ令ʥֲõģԵֵʥ˵Ĺ
ˣõ˳ܳΪ֮ǵĳ
֮ǵĳҲʶ˭ö˭֮ǵĳ
λԪ˧˵꣬ʱͽеĳ̨
ɫĳҶǳ˵ĿУ̨Ͽգ䡣
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼһö
֮ǵĳҵģһ۷ǿ̲סöץȥ
ߣ


˶ʱɫһĿ
ҹȽȳ֣һȭȥռ䶼ˣҵȭͷȺǻҪ貣ɫڻ硣
أ
λɫһ䣬ȫֵȽɵĹɱȽһȭɳȥ̨
û˶ã˵Ĺкһٺ̨
գ֮䣬һ۷ǿ߱㱻̭ˡ
ʱȽѾ˵̨ԵȻ˸ղˣȴûȥó
ΪȽףʱ˭óǾ˵ĵˣܵ˵ֹղ˱ǰ֮
ʵϣҲɵŰĳûٳᡣ
ǿĻҲڰ۲죬ûϳᡣ
Ҷֵܣһ֣ΣȽҶǳߣһ˵
ҶǳĿһҲ΢΢Цԣ
ԣʱɫһ䡣
ȽȴǴϲҶֵܹȻӢģڣǵĹҶ㵲סˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӵҶǳǰѺ󱳽ҶǳҲҶǳԼ֡
춯ֽ֣̭
̭ǡ
ǾȻˡ

˶ʱɫ䣬׷׽ɱ
ۣ
Ϊ׵һˣʱܵҶǳĽѪɡ
սȭȽɴȫֵ˵Ĺ
Ҷǳ鹥شЩ۷ǿߡ
ҶСѣȻѡȽɣǾͱҲˡһڳȽɡ
䣡
ʵǳǿ˶˳ҵĻ棬ǲǻ棬⹦ʹӵкܸߵ¶ȡ
ȽһȭײȻֱ۶պˣȵ¶ȣҶǳЩȡ
ɱ
ҶǳĽҲɱ˻
ǽҶǳȽɶǳ𾪣Ϊû˿˵ļ
ҶСѣ˼һ鹥ûáЦ
Ҷǳɫ΢΢һ䡣


1395 
ӵһҶǳȽɵɫˣôҲû뵽Ȼ֡

ȽһߵֵŻĹһ߰ΪҶǳ֣ȽˣȻɽҶǳô֮ǵĳ֮λˡ
ڣӵĻѾҶǳ鹥ˡ
ľ֡
˼Ȼ
˵ûѾͶʮ߻ӣȻƾһɢޣǲܵõġ
֮ǵĳ֮λǻˡ

սһԪ˧׷۵
Ӻ˳Ҳ̾Ϣһ֪ҶǳʧˣϾҶǳı鹥ڣ鹥ѾԻûˡ
λҾӦֽ
̨ϣȽɳŲԶĸ۷ǿߺ
ĸڿ֮󣬾ûмˡ
֪һ֮Ǿ͸Ӳˡ
һȽɵĻЦȽɣɣǿɲӡ
ԣԼɣǵɰ׳ա
̭ȻٱҶǳ鹥̭Ӯңΰɣ

ܹﵽľ磬Ȼǰ׳գ⼸۷ǿߡ
ֵԶսȽɺͻ
ֻҪܾˣô֣׾ٵػɱҶǳв
λҶСѵ鹥в󣬲ȽҲЩ˺
ûá
һЦԼƴɡ
ۣ
ո˵꣬ܵҶǳ鹥ʱѪˡ
㡭˵Ҷǳƺû뵽ҶǳʱȻҶ֣ѵͲͻ֡
ȽҲһ£漴ҶǳˣȻƼǣǾͻվһ𡣡
ǸѾѡˣأҶǳһѾڻǱˡ
һ㶣漴Ҷǳһۣ鹥֮⣬㻹ơ
֪ҲҶһѣֽˣһۡҶǳдƵζ
һ漴Цңôңô۷壬֣ӦĶģһԺҲˣ̫ˡ
˵꣬վҶǳǰסй
֣ҶǳһܹԼв
Ҷǳ鹥ܹͻĻôҲķڷ
Ҷǳ㾹ұңȽɿҶǳͻȻˮʱܻŭ
Ҷǳѣҿɲ£Ҫ˭־͸˭֣Ҳܵţ
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ǺǣĶңסȽɣȵĻ⣬̨ը졣
ǻ֣𣿡Ƚɶĸŭ
ͬʱҶǳ鹥Ҳɱ˹һش
Ҷǳҵġ
ȻǶ֡


ĸҶǳŭˣҲվﱻҶǳֻѡȽ֣ȽҶǳ˵
¡¡
һ˶սλʱ·硣
򣡡
Ҷǳ߶ޱߵĻʱӿЩеĴ˻֮⣬ȫܵơ
ٶȣȫˡ
ȻΪǶǴ۷弶ǿߣǽһʵ
ˣҲûƴסĹ
ã˷ܵĴһ
۶Ƚɵˣ
ҶǳǣΪһܹԸһˣ鹥ЧȽɳҶǳŭ
Ҷǳ˵ⲻģ
˵꣬鹥
Ƚŭ죬ȴ޿κΣΪסˡ
úһʵڳܲסҶǳ鹥ֻòĵѡ˳̨
ʵϣкǿսȴѡ˳
Ϊ֪Լ̨ҲܴӻȽɵжȡ
෴ܵҶǳ鹥ôչ²ָܻ
ʧȥǧսٱչ£־޴ʧܲ
ʵϣˣܵҶǳļ鹥֮Ҳѡ˳̨
ֻһȽɻڲĵԿš
һߵֵȽɣһ߶Ҷǳ˵鹥
ˣ
Ƚɴһֱ˳̨
ݺݵصһҶǳҶǳҵҪʲô´ӻȡ
ͬʱĿҲҶǳֻʣҶǳһˡ
һ˵Ȼɡ
ȴСǰ


1396 ķڷ
û뵽ȽɾȻ̭ˣ
˭ûأû͵סҶǳ鹥
ҶǳֶεȽɶˡ
Ҿѡд󣬶ԿȽɵĻмϣϾ鹥ǿǶԿһϣûˡ

̨£۵
̨ϵĻҶǳӺ˳ҲҶǳϣˣϾҶǳͻĲ̫ˡ
СӣΪѡ
Ӻ˳̨ϵҶǳ͸Ի
ҶǳӦô޴ŶԣѡȽɺѡǿˡ
ߣСӣҵҪʲô¡ԶѾ̨ȽɣһԹصҶǳ
ҶǳӦþܵõΪ֮ǵĳˡ
̨ϡ
ǰҶǳЦ˵ҶСѣֵˣȻңҿɲ顣
Ҳ飡ҶǳһЦ漴㲻ƿֱӸ˻
ʱ͸ܵԼʵһɣҶǳȻһЦ㻹ǲ顣
˵գһǿƴϱŶҶǳȥ
һ̣һֻ޴Ļƣ㳯ҶǳǶ
ҶСѣҵˡ
һƺҶǳ¶ŵЦݡ
˵δ̫ˣҶǳһЦ˲˷һȭӭ
ȭͷƽûʲôǿϢǽеУֱлʱ򣬲һٱ
ҶСѣȻҸӲӲҡͷһЦЦݺܿˣΪҶǳȭͷ֮бһ
䣡
ֲڷڣҵȭ񷡣
ʲôͫһ˶ʮ㵵ǰҶǳĲš

Ȼһ㶼ѷɫǿһЩ
ʲô
ⲻܣ

ͬʱ̨µĹǣҲ
һԪ˧𾪡
ǿʲô
ȻҶǳһȭˣ
ֱš
ⲻܡڷˮ𣿡ȽսȭͷҶǳʵ
ǣΪҪˮ
ﶼˣôˮ
˶Ϊˮ
ǣҶǳ˻һĻʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳֻһѣȻ鹥ǿ󣬵ϣǸûҶǳ
ǿǳǿ󣬹սͿȴ۷塣һԪ˧һ𾪵
Ӻ˳Ҳ𾪵֪Ĺû뵽Ȼһ
кȻǿټǿֲ鹥ûĻҲܶùҶǳ
ֱԪ˧ûУֻҲС
ԣԺЩԪ˧Ԫ˧ǶҶǳĶˣ
ڳԪ˧ȻҲ뵽һ㣬һڿҶǳĿʱҲû֮ǰС
̨ϵĻڿҶǳʱҲ˵û뵽ҶֵǿֵزûĻҽҪˡ
ٽҶǳҶСˣԷʵôԪ˧أο
ҶǳǴûʲôϵڻ½ʵ
Ҷǳڹﵽ˴۷壬˺Ϊ
ϾʵΨһ
Ǻǣղĺܴ󡣿öҵˡ
ҶǳЦһŻȥ
ͬʱгһ񽣣ʥɵʥ
¡¡
ʥһڳ˶ɫ䣬ǶܵһɷϢ
ǰųϬƣ˸о޷ֵ
ʥ𣡡
Ȼʥһ
ѽƷʥжǶˡ

Ԫ˧Ƕ𾪲ѡ
̨ϣĸҶǳټʥֱ绢ѹ
䣡
ҲԼ޷Ҷǳʥ⣬һֱҶǳѹ·硣
֣֮
ȫת˶һųҵĻ֣֮йշѹ硣
һ̣Χ¶ȼ̨Щڻˡ
̨ϵ󷨣ֵɸ¡
ӵлǰ𣿲̫Ц𣿡
ҶǳЦһʩչʽеռһСŭ
ʱҶǳһ޴ޱȵĻˣһȭݺݵغ䱬ǰĻ֡
ۣ
Ѫɡ
ҶǳûһץסĳЦſ֮ҵˡ
ЦҶʵˣķڷ


1397 
ŻĻ£̨¶ʱһƬȻЩԪ˧֮ǰĴǣȫŴͣһޱȡ
˭Ҳû뵽ⳡȻҶǳЦڴ֮ǰ鹥⣬ǸûҶǳΪֻҪȫ֣һɱҶǳ
ڣҶǳԼʵǣ㲻鹥ҲҶǳĶ֡
û뵽Ҷֽȳ̶ȣֱ˼顣
Ȼֻһ
ټǿֲ鹥Ҿʷǿ

̨µԪ˧۷׷ףҲû˸СҶǳˣֱӳƺҶǳΪҶ֣֮ͬˡ
ΪЩԪ˧ǷǳǿǣûĻҲҶǳĶ֡
˵ˣЩԪ˧Ҳˡ
ǿҶǳʱܣҪ濹ҶǳС
û뵽СӾȻﵽ̶ֳȣ»սִԪ˧Ҳû뵽ɡ
Ӻ˳̨緢ҶǳһĲ˼飬Ҳ˸п
Ҷǳӵ۶ӪģҲµͳ졣
˵Ҷǳųɳġ
ΪˣӺ˳Ÿе˼飬ŶãҶǳȻͽô
֪ռ֮;˾أû뵽Ľô졣
Ӻ˳̾ѡ
ʱ
ҶǳѾ̨
ˣҶǳԱߵĻЦ
ЦҶʵˣʮһսǴ˳ȥ½߶𺳡
Ҳ֪Ҷǳռ֮ԸҶǳڵĳɾʹʲô
ռ֮ƾ磬ȴ޷ѵҪʥ𣿡𺳡
ʥڻ½ϻûгֹΪҪʥҪɹ׽ĥһʥҲܲסĿֲѡ
ǣһʥɹͻΪʥеǿߣ˵Ĺʶ
ҶǳĻ΢΢һЦźӺ˳ȥ
ԶȽɿҶǳıӰһĨʣС츳̫ǿˣ츳ܹʥˡƾ츳ǿ̤ռ֮Ҳٳʥߡ
Ҷ֣ϲˡ
ϲҶֳΪ֮ǵĳ
Ҷʵˣҵ

̨µһȺԪ˧ǣ˿̶Ҷǳأһ顣
ԱߵЩǶĽȻǴ۷壬Ǵͳ졣ЩԪ˧ǣû顣
ǺΪҶǳʵõЩԪ˧ǵϿɡ

뿪˵أصԼľӪ
Ӻ˳һߣһ߿ԱߵҶǳ̾СҺͻսִԪ˧ڶԽˣˣǰ뵱Ԫ˧ڵʵԪ˧ˣǿɱ㵱֮ǵĳǿˡ
ҶǳԿЦҵֻһʥ϶ѣڴԪ˧˰ɣҿûôսңһЩѻ䣬Ҫһǳأ˳㽨һɡ
Ҫɰ
Ӻ˳Ȼ򣬳Ƭ̣漴ͷȻֻʵȷʸˡȻȲʥأʥ֮£ӦǿˡţɿŴʱ򣬼ǵ֪ͨҡ
ҶǳʱһϲӺ˳Ҫȥվ̨ʱкӺ˳λԪ˧ڣǲҲܹһյҲ˳ˡ
ˣҾͲˣʵԺˡصӪӺ˳Ҷǳ˰֡
Ҷǳǣ־ľӪ˳㽫ղ̩Ӣˡ
ǰĲ¡ǣҶǳЦ˵Ѿõ֮ǵĳѾתΪ֮ǵĳˣҪ뿪ӪԺҪңȥ֮ǰɡ
֮ǣ
Ӣ뾪һ漴Ľǿһǳذ˵кܶǿᣬû뵽ͳõˣ
ٺ٣ýҶˣҳΪ֮Ҳ뿪Ӫʱȥ֮㡣ղ̩Ц
־ͳ죬ҲҶǳء
Щ˴к֮Ҷǳ͸Ԫ˧սˣϾһ֧ӵ˾Ҳչˣ˵ʲôҲøк뿪
Ҷ׼ȥ֮𣿡
սֿҶǳɵЦ
ѾӺӺ˳õϢҶǳʵҲ𺳡
֪УһСһѾɳ޷ӵĴڡ
Ԫ˧ͱ̭ˣǰҿɲҳƳҶǳЦһ£漴˵Ԫ˧еġ
ȥɣȥɣսҲûʲô顣ˣӺ˳˵Ҫɣʱǵ֪ͨҡսЦ˵
ҶǳһɵսֲμĿɴ䣬Ӿ̫ˣ²̻һ˲䴫
ϾλԪ˧ɶ֪۷ڡ


1398 ǳ
սּĴԪ˧һһܵĹע
μӲ̵ĿŴ䣬ǲ̵ͻһӴĿԳΪʥ֮ǿɡ
Ҷǳмһս֣ˡ
뿪ӪҶǳʩչʱԾǨëڵķǸȥ
ҲһǳأӰĲǳսʥڵ
Ϊսʥһʥأһλܹϵʥսʥģһλʥʵɲ⣬
ǵĳҲǳսʥڣڷǣǧսʥڵˡ
Ҷǳڻǿչ·ʶĺѾ޵Уսʥڵĵӡ
ǰڵ۶ʱҶǳΪСëǰǡ
Ѿˣģ
Ҷǳִ֮ٶȸëһϢ
ȥô꣬ëѾˣϾѾﵽ˴ļޣҪС磬ҲһʱܹͻƵġ
ŶڡëյϢϷ˸λù
Ҷǳڵͼһ֪˹ȥ
ֻҶǳ֪ĵѾ˷ǳע⡣
ƿųǳصĳӶƿųǳصĻǴκ˽˳ǣ֪
Ҷǳǵʱ򣬷ǵĳϸӦˡ
ǿϢȻ˻Ǵѣһλ
ǵĳӣ¶һ˿档
Ҫ֪ǿߣ㹻ưһҲ洦ɼοǷǡ
˭
֣һ֡
ڳ֮ͨҶǳӰڷǳǰ۳
ʲôȻ
ǳڵһ¾վ
ǰˣϤˣΪľѡһˡ
ռ֮鹥ȵȣֻҪ֪ҶǳˣͲǵҶǳ
Ȼ÷ǳ𾪵ģǰãڲϢ
һҶǳˣս˻õ֮ǵĳ
ֻȻ鹥ܻܻǻʵֻǿǴ۷弶ǿߡ˻ܹܻټ鹥˭ֵܵ
ǳʱϢ;ú𺳣ΪϢˣеԪ˧ƶš
Ϊսʥڵĸ߲㣬ǵĳȻԼԵõҶǳϢҲ
ʵϣҶǳܻΪ֮ǵĳѾĸ߲֮дˡ
Ͼһĸܲע⡣
ȻֻҲҪύţҲ֪ʲôӦȥ֮ǾβŶԡ
ǳ
Ҷǳʵʲô磬λύˡ
ٽԵܱȲʶҪá
壡ǳе
һһ˱˽ǳ񣺡ס
ӳ壬ǷǳĶӡ
ҵȥҶһ𡣡ǽһö̽ǰˣ֣صλҶ֮ǵγӦҲ֣ҶǳھѡһˡԣҪ㣬ܾöԷֻС˶Է
ӳ̧ͷЦףҿɲɵһȻԳΪ֮ǵĳôʵ;Բ򵥣Ͼ˵кܶ۷弶ǿ߶֮ǳ֮λ
ǳԣɵ¶֮ɫЦŵͷţ㿼ǵĶԣ˵˵ʵҶǿԻˣξǿŴս˻ǻǸͬεǿߣ˵ҶǳóĻ鹥
ӳ¶֮ɫβž̾һǱ̬ԭΪ̤ռ֮˾·û뵽Ȼ츳Ҳô
ҲŰɣΪռ֮ڶܳʥˡǳп
ӳЦҵúúýύһˣʲôλã
ǳ˻֣ʱһǵĵͼͳǰ
г֣һ֪Ҷǳλá
ţô
ӳ忴ŷǳָλãʱ¶֮ɫ
Ŷ֪ǳӳ塣
ӳæ˵Ȼ֪ףսʥھǸڵӾסĵطԺ䣬սʥڵĵӣǾӢӡ
ô˵λҶʶսʥڵľӢӣǳϲԨԴô£ϵ׶ˡ
ӳЦҲ֪ˡ
򿪻ѯƬ̣ӳ̧ͷԷǳ˵ˣǾ޵еס޵ͨϴεľѡ˾ĥѾС츳δڻ¡
йϵͺãϵһ¾޵УȻȥǳЦ˵


1399 
һԺҶǳëۡ
ԺӺܴͤ£ҶǳӪе顣
ŶѾɱˣ
գȻٿⳡս֪治֪θ롣
ʲôѾʥ

Ҷǳ˶е𺳲ѡ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶǳӪ֮󣬾Ȼô˲ٿĴսŪڹ֮䡣
ǶҶǳѾͶˣôҶǳȥΪĿĽ㡣
ˣǾ޵еסɣôסĻϰ𣿡ҶǳתͷһԺӣ漴Цʵ
ëƲʲôϰϰߵģиŵĵطͲˣǵΪֱǵ׵ģү֣ûСΪǲҪҹ䣬ȻôĶ֪
ţʲôΣ𣿡Ҷǳüͷһʵ
ëҡͷҲʲôΣգսʥڵһһ޵Ǿ֣ԿסķӣΪǺ;޵йϵܺãǣǡãǣҲҶ֡
ȻҶ֣ҲҳˣֻܱһԵСߵ
ҶǳսʥֻǺ;޵һֻһӣҿԸǳ
˵꣬һתЦ˵ˣиϢҪǡ
ʲôϢСѲҵ񼶲𣿡ëڴ֮ɫ
ҶǳЦ㵱񼶲Ǵײ˰ֻܵҽؾ취á˵ϢѾΪ֮ǵĳԣѾԼĵˡ
ʲô
ԽǾ
֮ǣһǳأ
ɱǱ⴦Ժǿˡ
֮ǲ֮ǣëæ¼磬һĵͼָеһλá
ҶǳɨһۣЦ˵û뵽Ҳ֪֮ǣԣ
˻һǳذǡһû뵽Сת֮ӵһǳءëϲ
ԱߵΪҲЦǿؽˡ
䡢Ľ庮Ҳ¶֮ɫǶڲ̵ĸǳܹڻ½ؽ̣ʵ̫˷ˡ
ң˲֮Ժħƴ½в̵ĵӸϹǾͲõûеطˡ
Ѿãȥ֮ǣǾ׼̡ҶǳЦŵͷ
ǻʲôھ߰ɣˣ֮ǰ޵дкëѾȲˡ
ҶǳЦ˵ѾϢˣѾ֪ˣпȥ֮ǵġ
䡭
ڴʱһСǿϢӲԶϯһӾ͸Ժӡ
һˡëҧгݣɫɷס
˵ĸоҲãСƣǸеѹ֣ɫ԰ס
ߣҶǳһϿյǿƶʱˡ
ڲԶһԺһӣͻȻɫһ죬͵һѪ
ʲôƾܻңٵǴ˭ôʶһɫһ
˿ŲԶԺӣ͵վȥߣ˭Ǵǣսʥڵ£ҾͲڳڶ֣

޵еԺӡ
ҶǳüʵղǸСΪζԸǣ
е޵ΪеǸսʥڵӣԴС֮󣬾;ѹǡΪֻѹȣû֣ǼҾ޵Ҳûáë۾޺˵
ԣһ̫ɺˣΪѹǣŪڶұչ߻ħҲҧгݵ
ҶǳЦѾˣǺǣȻҵҪʲôͷӾȻô󡣡
˵֮䣬Ժӵžͱһ߷ɡ
һɫˣԺ
ëһ漴ȵʲô
ʲô
ˣҲǵЦһԺһɨʱԻˣţôûдһСûУǸղŵ˭
ɻ󣬵ɵЦҶҳ֣ôûվҵһȺôôˣԭҵһɽսʥڵĵ̣ڷǶԸսʥڵĵӣǴҲù
𣿡
Ҷǳͤ˳ۿǰĵղžҶֵģҵҪսʥܹҺΣ
㣿
ҶǳҶǳȷЩİȺеһ漴ҡͷЦһҲʵʲôЦеĴѵֻҳ֣Ҽ𣿡
Ȼ㲻ţҾڳһΡҶǳһЦ漴۾һУһĽʱ


1400 
ۣ
Ѫɳȥɫˢһ¾Ͱˡ
ҶǳԼûȫ֣Ľ²ȫ֣׾ٵشһС
Ҫ֪ЩֵסҶǳ鹥
鹥㣬㵽˭
صҶǳ𾪡
СȻֵסԷ鹥ҶԷֻһ
ˣѵ
˾ѡҶǳѾԵҲ֪Ҷǳˡ
ҽҶǳԻȥսʥڵͷҾšҶǳ˵
ݣֻҪռʥأҲ塣
οʥ֮Уʥ֮⣬˭Ķ֣
Ȼ
ͫһ˵ҶǳĴû뵽ҶǳվԼǰ
ңȺ˾ȻʶҶǳ֮ǰδ뵽ġ
ѵ޵ǼһҲʶҶǳ
ʱһ֪Щ˵ͷôͲ鷳ˡ
ôҶǳ䶢ŵȵ
ĿȴӹԺ⣬Ӧһ˽ӽһһλǿߡ
ҶǳȻҶǳ㲻Ҫ̫ţսʥڵĵ̣޹ʶҳ֣սʥھԲŹġ
ҪŹ˭ڴʱһ洫
һ̣һ˽䶢ŵϬ絶Я˵ѹ
١ٳ
ǰĽɵ۾һæ˵ٳ˸ղ鹥ңڳڳ֣Ҫ

ӳ嶢ǰĵк޲һԼ޵ϵ֮󣬾Ҷǳ
ںˣû룬սʥڵ˾ѾȵҶǳ
ǣǡٳչ涨˭ڳڶ֣һҪ˵֪ΪʲôܸоӳЩơ
ǵԼеӳ尡
ãھ
ӳһ漴¼磬˵棬ϵսʥڵִϡ
һʱؿҶǳЦҶǳΪսʥڵĵ̣űִץ߰ɡ
Ҷǳ俴һĻҪսʥڵִôץԼ
ûǴĻսʥڵִϣҲǴ۷弶ѡ
ԷʵԪ˧൱塣
䣡
úһǿϢ
ϢǿҶǳжϳһ۷弶ǿߡ
Ȼλսʥڵִˡ
أһߣɫ˵Ϣ
սʥڵִϡ
ӳָԱߵĵ˵ִϣڳѹЩˣսʥڵĵӣ޷졣
ӳĻʱסˡ
ǲǸˣôٳֵԼ
棬ҶǳҲ¶֮ɫƺû뵽һɵ뿴ӳ塣
ӳѾˣЦŶҶǳ˵Ҷӳ壬طҸ֮ǰҶ磬
˵꣬ӳܿص
ӳˡ
ҶǳȻݣ˲֪Ƿǵĳ֪ܲ
ܻϢƷǳѾ֪ˡ
Էġ
ԭҶݹ٣
ʱԱߵִҲҶǳĿдһ˿壺˵Ҷ˻֮ǵĳ֮λ﹧ϲˡ
ִϿˣҶǳЦ
ֱ̱ڵϣ
û뵽ҶǳͷȻô
ٳִϣҶǳͿ
УҶǳȻ˻ǿǴ۷ĳǿߡ
ԼЩߣʲô˲ȥǣƫƫɷǡ
ҶСӲ£㣬Ǹˡģһȥһúýѵġ
ִ漴ץһץѾ̱ڵϵĵҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦһС¶ѣȥ˾͹ȥˡ
Ҷؽµӷ˴ǾҪܵͷҪִϸʲô
ִץҶǳˡ
űߵĵë˶¶Цݣеǳ
ӳɨëһۣ漴˵Ҷλѣһɣ룡
ٳ룡Ҷǳ
һ˶ʱӳǰ
ǳѾ˴磬ҷǳݻ
ҶǳȵʱڷǵĳԱߣȻһˡ
λãڷǳϷȻǵλڷǳ֮ϡ
ƺܵҶǳɻĿ⣬ǳЦŽ͵Ҷһ£λսʥڵʥӡԪ䡣


1401 ύ
Ҷ֮쳹սĳŴһֱʶԸԳԪЦſҶǳ˵
ˡҶǳæ˵
ǰսʥʥӣҶǳɲСԷʵȺӺ˳ǿǻսִԪ˧Ǹ
ҶǳĸӦ֮УԪϢȻսֻҪǿ
Ͼһʥصʥӣ츳ʵǷǳǿġ
Ҫ֪սʥںʥʥزͬʥȻҲʥأڲǷʥˣǾͲ֪ˣֻ֪ʥϳʥˡ
սʥһսʥڵսʥ½Ƕսʥڵڲֻһսʥʥˡ
ʥ֮Уʥֻʥأսʥʥء
ţͲҪˡǳһЦæкҶǳ¡
һ˱߳ԱģǢ
ҪҶǳԪ䡢ǳһȦӣëǣӳ帺𣬵Ҳûе
ҶǳóսʥҪԼãҲֵøսʥǿʵύ
ƹѲԪȻ˵Ҷ֣˵ҲμһεĻؾ֮УպҲҪȥʱҶ飬鹥ҿŴ
ֹˣݣѵûҵ鹥ǰһЦҶǳǫ
ԪЦҲǾã֪һεսλӵпͻصǿ鹥
Ҳ˵ˣһԵķǳ˵ͷ̾˵вԪ˧ɱԪ˧شӶò˳սܶ˶ڴԣλľѾﵽ˵ε۷壬ӽ߲ˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦľȷǿҲʰ·硣
˵ҶҲԨԴһͨǿչ·ִ½Ԫ˵Ȼ֪顣
ҶǳҲû˵ͷҺʶܶˣһСʱǸСеǰҵľ֮ô죬ΪԴľ˵ľϣҵʦ
ҶǳһϷڵȻþ𣬰װһӵǿ鹥ǿߡ
ʱڻؾ֮УͲ뵽Ҷǳˡ
õ顣
û뵽ҶֺȻԨԴҶֵ鹥ͺֲܿˣҲѹλ鹥ﵽ̶ֳȡǳп
ԪͷǸȷӻǿչ·ľﵽ˵ΣԲűĹʥءϧʱڱչأȻĻҲλսʥڵˡ
ǳԣʱһź
ˣעʥҳɾͲͣΪʥеǿߡ
κҪ£
źеˣҶǳǳһĨ΢ЦǵϷѾΪǿеĽˡ
ﶼ鹥ҲѹЩҪؾ˻Ầ¡
˵ǵĵ£ѾΪʥ֮µǿˡ

սʥڿ⽻ãҶǳҲֵýύսʥڣⳡǳǢ
ҶǳʹëǸˣԪͷǳһ·ͣԻڲ̿Ŵǰףء
ºˣûпɣѾлսִԪ˧Ӻ˳Ԫ˧Ԫʥӡǳȴǰףˣʱǲ̵ƿ϶ʮֺƴ󡣡ëЦ
Ҳܸˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц룬ľڲ϶ֹлսֺͺӺ˳λԪ˧ǵøϽ֮׼£⿿⼸ˣʱ϶дܡ
Ǿټǰǿ˳ԱڶɢڸأӿҲù֮ŵطɽһ㡣ë
Ҷǳ˵ͷţѯһǣһᷢϢǡ
ǿ˵Щˣܹǿչ·츳ٲëܹȷԳΪ̵ĸ
٣Щ˵Ļܹ֤ģϾÿ˶ǰǣǴ˶ǵҶǳĶ顣
߰ɣֱӳȥ֮ǡ
ҶǳȥǵĴ
ѾгغڴˣҶǳ˵æ񣬲˵ҶѾԸˣγȡκηá
ǺǣǳǻˡëЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷӳˣתп֮͡
˵꣬˱ϴ̨ʧһƬ貵Ĺâ֮С


1402 ֮
֮һǳصĵطһеĳǳء
֮ûн֮ǰ˵һɽڸ߿֮С˽ɳǳأ֮ǡ
ϧ֮ȻɫΪλ⣬֮أֶǿǣܹӵеԴ٣Ҳʹ֮ǵǺܴ
ҶǳǴ֮ǵĴ󣬾ͷĴ㳡ǳտûж˽
Ҫ֪ǴǵĴ㳡ǸղŵķǴ㳡Ƕɽ˺
ҿ֮ͬǴǳأôֻˣë̲ס²ۡ
Ҷǳ˿Ѿͨɨ֮ˣĸӦ֮УΰĴǳڣȻֻһˡ
һˣܶ࣬ʵֵһᡣ
ǵ꣬Ҷǳһ½ִݺǣֹһˡ
һǿļ壬ֹһˡ
ǣμӾѡСһˡǵľ񣬿һˣһǳظе
֮ǣȻֻһˣֱ
Ҷǳɨ£֮ڵӶǿŵģĽֵϣֻڹţ̶ܶˡ
ֱһǣΪҡҡͷ
ҲҡͷǵĲǶǿ
߰ɣȥ˽һҶǳ
һֱǰ
λ֮ǵĵشĵطˣֵϵҲ١
ҶǳȺӶģǷǳϡ٣кܶˣҶǳǿָָ㣬۷׷ס
Ҷǳǲûᣬֱǰ
óŵ˶ûУҲرš
ëֱȥţţ쿪ţγˡ
ܴ󣬰ֵ˶ˣտĽֵϣѵþۼ˲ˣ׷Χۡ
ԭγˡ
ɣȺ֮УһСûУô³
һɣǹǱ˺ġ

Ⱥ۷׷ס
ǰĳţҲ֮򿪣һӣһȺˣæСܶȿҶǳһȺˣӲɵһ㶣ˣ˭ǳһȺҲ𣿡
һСƺǿ
ëû˵Ҷǳó֮ǵĳ˵Ҿǳ
ӶҶǳеĳʱͫһæϥأС˲̩꣬ݼ
ˣɣ
Ҷǳ˰֣漴ë˽
Ǻɣȷǵĳѷɫ֮ǵҲֻǺûˡ
һ߹ųҶǳһ߶ʵ̩ꣿڳʲôְλ
СǳĴܼҡ̩æ˵
ȻǰγֻһֻҪԷƿ˳ƿ֮ǵĻ󷨡
֮Ǽû䣬ǶһǳأһǳصĻǳǿ󣬷ʥˣȻҲʥˡ
ԣ֮ڣҶǳֻҪƿ˳ʵ൱һʥˣ˭ҷ
ܼң
Ҷǳһͤ£ĿǰĲ̩꣬Ц˵ô˵֮ӦúϤˣǾ͸˵˵֮ǵľ
ǣ֪޲ԣ̩Ҳæ˵֮˿һڡ
˵ˣҶ֪Ҷǳ˰֡
̩˵ͷ˵ҪְȨţһǴܼң񡣶ǲ󳼣˰ավͳ죬֮ǵľ
ҶǳȤؿǰĲ̩꣬Ц˵ô˵ܼҲͷ֮һȨˡ
˵Цˣ̩æϥأһЦܼ˵˾ǹƣֻгʵǿҲȨǰ֮ûгܼҲһѡȽ񣬻վͳ棬ҷڲ֮Ȩߡ
Ƚվͳ棿Ƕʲôʲôʵ˵Ҷǳ
̩æȽԨȽҵˣԭȲ֮ǵĲ󳼣ȽҺ֮ûгʱ򰲲ģȽ֮ôҪռ֮ΧĿԴ
棬ԭȵĹǰγҲͶˣںȽǱΪ飬ѾͶȽˡ

Ų̩Ҷǳɵüͷ֮ǵ黹Ƕ࣬Ҫ˳ýЩ⡣
ˣȥɣҶǳ漴˻֣Ȼ͸ë顣


1403 
ô
ò̩뿪֮Ҷǳëѯ
νƤ֮ǣҶǳûʲô⣬ֻһˡ
ⷽ棬䡢ΪǰóϾǵͰѲĺܺá
ͷһҪŪԼˡ
Ϊ˵ͷҲ˵̩ܼһ˵Ȩڳûʲôвǲ󳼺վͳǵˡ
ëü󳼿ԲΪվĴͳ죬ûдΪºʤΰɣ
е鷳ڵΪֻǴСûУôȥͳ˧վҡͷ
ҶǳվƿأеĽ죬Ǹ棬ȻȽҹˣǾͱߵ
˵գҶǳ˵Ƚǻǰ֮ǵĳ֮λʱȽҵȽɱᡣڿȽѾ˻֮ǵĲ󳼣ǵҰĺܴҪƿǳصԴ
ȽҺ𣿡ΪЩǡ
ҶǳͷȻȽǿıȽ顢ȽֵܣȽսִԪ˧ǿߣȽҲǴ۷弶ǿߡڵʵǡ
ҶǳԼڵʵţǸȽüɵ鹥ܶԸ
ȽԪ˧ǿߣЩ鷳ԷĻôҲ޷Ը
ҲǴǳصĳҲȽ顣
Ƚұвë˵
Ϊɣȱ֣̩˵̬ȲûʲôвܼңϾôҲһСЩȥ죬Ҳǿ
˵ͷ˵ڵĵһǻȽ󳼵λã֮ǵ˰ձƿأȻ˭֪̰˶ٲƸ
ҶǳЦİɣ̰ǲ̰۵ģΪ󳼷Ϊ󳼣ȽȻ󳼣λβģרŸල˰գ˭̰ۣ
ΪԳͽ㻹ǲĵ˰շΪ֣һֽһֽȽȻ̰۽ǲ֣Ի̰۽ǵⲿ֡
˵ͷ˰յ̫ˣû˻᲻ģǰִƲǵʱ򣬶ɺܶ˼ල˰ա
Ҷǳɫһ䣬æҲ̩

̩굹Ǻʶ࣬Ͼ͸Ϲˡ
ҶǳʵȽϽ˰̰𣿡
ԴǰγȽûнκ˰ոǱԼվͳϷˡ̩Ц
ʲôҶǳޱȣû뵽ȽȻô󵨡
£Ҷǳó߶Ǵ󣬷֮ǣȻԲ̩ȥȽõᷴ
̩˵ͷڳڣȻȽᷴ
ȵ̩ȥ֮ҶǳǼ
ëˣҶǳʵ˭
ôҪλãȻҪԼƹܣܷġ
¸£үûûȤүҪûʱЩëҡͷ
ꡢСҲ׷ҡͷ
޵ֻʵ󳼣ʲôʵ
ҲûȤѩ
ʾԼҪŬǰŬҶǳ˦ò״ӻǿչ·ϵ½ˣٱ˦ˡ
˵Ҷǳ޷ʥﷴЩˣΪһҶһڻ½ˣȻЩ
ͷ˼ѩҶǳΪ䡢ӺĽ庮ˡ
գΪ˵󳼰ɣ
Ҷǳʦ𣬳ëˣҶǳĹϵˣԲ̰۵Ŀܡ
䡢Ľ庮˻мɻģǺҶǳĹϵûΪôꡢǶȲϡ
ǾʦˡҶǳ˵ͷΪأʺϲְλ
ˡڴʱ̩ҴҴżضҶǳ˵ԭڰǰȽѾӵԨˡ
ʲô
Ҷǳԣɫ
ȽѾˣǲ˵˰տ϶ˣһëǮû¡
˰£ô֪ҶǳɫضŲ̩ꡣ
̩Цܼ˵ú˳ڵļˣ˭ҵģǰһܴվõϢڣվĴͳҲȽҹһ𡣡
Ҷǳɫѿ治Ҳ˰ɣ


1404 
ǲᣡ
ҶǳĻ̩æ˵վĴͳ죬ֻλϣͳվˣһͨĴûʲôֵһڴվפڻ֮أ˵ͻ֮صһλｻã
Ҷǳɫ𣿵Ǵ֪ܹٿسڵ󷨣ԲҶڳڡΥҵҪ췴Ͳ׷
̩꿴ҶǳС˵ԨǳɽûоԵ֤ݣκβġңҲΥֻڻ֮ؽ˷ˣܹܲ˷дɡ
Ҷǳԣɫʱѿޱȡ
ԱߵëߵȻزУǾӲֱӹȥıȨȭͷǵ
⵹ʧΪһ취վͳȨڳʱ԰ĴͳλáΪ˵ͷ
һԵĲ̩Цǵóȥһ˲УԹԻǲܻġ
֮õλ˭ʲôʵҶǳʵûȻȽҹˣ˵Ѿ֪ʵ
ԷȻ֪ʵҲ˵ԷоԵĵ
潻õλ֮ضǺպĴڣǻҴʥ֮һ˳ƹףʵ˵ȼԪ˧̩˵
Ҷǳüͷȵ֮Ҳʥ˴ڣһһʥ
ǵģģֻҪ漰ʥ˲ΣλҴʥǲֵġ̩˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ЦΪһԪ˧ɽҾκβ𣿼ȻǾͱҲ
˵գҶǳԲ̩ҽ֮ǣô֮ǰһоҪıˣڿʼǳĴܼҡԱߵλʦβ󳼡
ѣ̩һΪȻҶǳʦæҲСԷֻдΪˡ
ΪҲػ
ҶǳԲ̩˵һȥڸһǾǸ֮һطҪɽţһɡڿŴĵʱ׼һ˵
Ҷǳ㽨̣յӣǿ֮ǵô٣ͷ뷨
Ͼʱ񣬿֮ӣҪ
ûָ֮ǵķ٣ٿҲ١

Ԩǡ
ϵĳǳأͬһǳأ֮Ƿǳһִܵ
ȻͬǴǳأԨǵȴܹ֮ġ
Ԩڣס˿ھڣһ˿ڣǶԶ֮ǡ
˿̡
ԨǵĳһϵӣһԶ֮ǵķ
ǾԨǵĳȽ飬ĵܵȽɡ
СѾȥ֮˰ɡȽ鿴֮ǵķ򣬵˵
ȽֻЦûȽңֻ֮һǶѣѾǰȽϻˣҶǳֻһ˿ڣʲôûС
ܱߵǳسϵãַ֮ǣҶǳҲǰ׳գһ֮ǷչȻԹ뿪Ƚ˵
Ƚɵͷ磬ģһҶźˡˣһڹٺ٣ǹ׾һպÿҶǳҿôκ棿û˿ڣûվ֮Ǿһǡ
Ҫ⣬ע֮ǡȽ
Ƚɵ˵ͷǴɫЦݣͿԿóûҶǳ
ϾչһǳأɲǱ˭ʵǿ
Ҷǳ鹥Էչǳûһҵġ

֮ǡ
Ҷǳ뿪úë˾־ۼһλв̩μӣ˵ɫЩء
ոܱһǳضǾˣ֮ǵĴ󶼳˰裬ûһǳصĴͨǡëܻ˵
̩ЦҸղʱѾ˲ڰ֮ˣҪ˶ãһ˿ڶûˡ
϶˹ڴѹǣȻܱߵЩǳأȫǾҧгݵ
ëһۣߵ⻹˵𣿿϶ԨǸɵ£ַ֮ǣҪҶС뿪֮ǣʱǾִ֮ǡ
Ⱥ쵰

֮أһޱߡ
ʵ֮طǳӴ󣬲һС֮ΪĻǳӣûпԴҪҲûãˡ
Ӧþ
Ҷǳһ۵ͼ漴ŲԶһǳأٷ˹ȥ
ǹ׾סĹǡ



1405 в
Ƿǳ޴󣬱֮ǻҪӴĶ࣬Ͼ֮صܴ󣬳ǳȴ٣ĳǳأǳ
ڵ˿ʵֻ࣬мڣֻ൱ڵһСǳضѡ
Ȼ֮ǳ⡣
ʱҶǳѾǸûнǡ
׵ʵԪ˧ǽȥǾͶϾԽǵĻ󷨡
Ҷǳǳ棬ֻһûжʵķǡ
ʵҶǳոյǵĳ׾Ѿˡ
ϾִǣȻԸӦΧһС
ˣҶǳķոսǣһźۣӣҶǳķǰ
Ҷǳ
׶ҶǳķǳһĨϷŰЦݡ
ףҶǳҲףϳ˶ԷϾԷʵǣûٱȹ׸ǿˡ
Ǻǣû뵽ҶҲ֪ҵš׵Ц
Ҷǳ׵Ķ˭˲֪
ԣʱԵúԺܵ⡣
֪Ҷ˷ǰкιɣ漴ʵֻĿҶǳϣЩϷŰ
ȻѾµҶǳĿġ
Ҷǳһ۹ף˵عӦҵĿģҴ촰˵ûҪĨǡ
ҶˬˣˡֱԣҵĺֵܣҲڳڶ֡ҪԸԣǵõ뿪ǲС׵˵
Ҷǳɫʱһ䣺ǳҪѣǿԸˡ
ǺǣҶǫˣĶ֣ټǿֲ鹥˭Ұ㵱ɴԴֻǣҺѣܲҳѰɡһβӡ
Ҷǳ鹥Ȼ֣ҲҶǳ
ң֮أҲҪҶǳùϵ
ȻѣǾǵˣҶǳԴˣһǲֶΣҪҶǳ˵һҪߵģվǲڹǡ
Ҷǳв׵ɫҲʱĿⶢҶǳߵŽһҶ㻹Ϊ㲻ɣҪвңʲôҹ׳ưԻ֮صʱ㻹֪Ҳвҡ
ãϣҪڣҶǳһֱɢ߷
ݣ
ҶǳոɢһɫֿĴ󺺱˹Ϣǿ󣬾Ȼһλ
磬Ҷǳ˵ʲôˣվĴͳ档
Ҷǳʱ򣬹ȻҲϾ͸Ϲˡ
˵ʲôȻҪߣϾ֮ǵĳЦ
Ц磬ҵСɾͽˡ
Ǻǣİɣκβҡң֣ҵĶ֡οлǴءһš
ôһλԪ˧ǿߣ½ܹɵģҲֻʥˡ
ǴԪ˧ǿߣйǵĻǴڣҲа֮һս
Ҷǳû鹥вҶǳʵҲ൱ڻѣԶˡ

ʱڹ֮⣬Ҷǳıһ֮ɫ
ȻҾ̸֪£ǾֶֻܶαˡҶǳһ漴߶Լסǡ
һ˲䣬ڵ˶ܵһٵΣС
Ȼţܲ鹥ΣУֻҪ΢еʵˣܸܵõ
ͺñͷϿһĦ˹֮һȻûеâ̱ĸоʵ̫ˡ
ڹڣһЩʵ͵ˣ̲ס巢ˡ
ϾҶǳڵ鹥СҲֵ˼Ρ
ЩֱӾͻᱻɱ
ô£
׷ʲôˣΪʲôһٵĸо
ҲǣһΪһˡ
⵽ôĩ𣿡

ڶʱһƬֻŵյӡ
ٵĸоֲ̫ˣû˿ָо¾һŲѡ
׻û£Աߵȴܵˣ鹥κη¹ǵĻҲֵס
ߵİɣ¿Իס㡣
ڴʱһϤ
ףﻤס棬㻤סڵ𣿵Щ˶ˣҵҪ㻹ס
ҶǳЦ
漴ҶǳԹǵľǵ˶ţǳ֮ǵ棬ڿʼÿһ죬Ҿɱһǵˣֱվ뿪Ϊֹ
˵꣬һĽ£Աߵһնɱ
ǹ׵£׽ϧĽٶ̫ˣɱҲ


1406 ս
ҶǳĽĹ£һ¾ôͻأˣֱӱɱ
ңΧˡ
˲䣬Щ˶ɴ۾־֮ɫ
һĴգ֮ˣһûʲôҽֱӱɱ
Ƕˣôġ
ԣֻһΧȴеޱȵĿ־塣
ûʲôδ֪˸е־ˡ
֪ôģǾֲ̫ˡ
Ҫǣǲ֪һֵ˭ǡ
֮־ӡ
ѾŹΧ˹
ʲô𣿡
ɫشȵһǿƴϱͬʱٿŻǴնŤˡ
ڹ֮ڣʵɱǵˣ׾ٵõ
ǣǿƵĹףΧûˡ
һŹ׹
ҲȾǡ


ЩҲ֪Լǹ׵Ķֻ֣ܹס
ùѰˣзꡣ
ǾôˣܲȫɱɣҪǶˣʵ𣿶¼ҹˡ
Աߵ棬ǰһĻһͻЩˡ
Ҷǳĺˡ
ֶαȹף¹׻Ҫˡ
Ͼײùǵᡣ
磬֣ȸҶǳæ
ɲ
Ŀ˸漴˵ͷˣԸһ˾㹻ˡ
˵꣬һ̤뿪˹ǡ
⣬Ҷǳ˫֣վڸ߿УŷɳĹףЦôף㿼ǵΣ
ҶǳȻңǾͱҲˡΪĳҾͲɱ㣬ڻ֮أҲ޷ֵġ
Ҷǳйâһʥ¶ˣ۶ŹףǾҼʶһʵɣ
¡¡
䣬µĻӿͬƺƵĳӣΧסˡ
ʱ֮еĹףеʵ½һɡ
ȷ½һʵ޷֮Ĳࡣ
Цһ㳯Ҷǳȥ
ڰУһӰգ·ףÿһôʵ
µǣҶǳӦ֮У׾Ȼʵģûһٵģôܣ
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ҶǳߵΣҾͲÿʵıһˣʥ֮µһˡ
ȻҵķʵУҵıȴڷ֮ת˵գһƺҶǳ
䣡
һƷǳֲӡâһΣҶǳη档
λΧգҶǳ޷ǿΧĿռмѹ
ߣ
ҶǳһǿĻʱֲƻɽһƬء
ͣ
Χѿ
Ҷǳϱ׾ٵΧĿռ伷ѹĹΣûҶǳһȭȥ顣
ʲô
Χ׿һĻЩţ˵Сӽ鹥ôôǿ
ſԪ˧ʵһ۾ͿˣҶǳȴ۷壬ӽˡ
ӡ
ҶǳһʩչӡȡΧ׵
˹׵ı⣬ķû
ԣҶǳȡ֮£Χʱɢֻʣ¹׵ı壬ɫؿҶǳ
ףʵȻǿκβҡҶǳŹף˵
Сӣ̫ˣȼûлὫնɱ
Ǻǣ˸㣬ҿռ֮ѾԲͬʱʱ֮Ӻ˳Ԫ˧ҵ˾ʱԾǨѾѧˡҶǳ΢΢Ц
׶ʱͫһû뵽ҶǳȻ߿ռ֮ʱ֮ģʱԾǨҶǳߣȷס
ףףû뵽㻹һܳĶӣﵽ˴ڣֻǲ֪û
ȻҶǳһЦ˵
˻׶ʱɫ䣬֮ڣǸڵĶԱߣѾ߶
Ҷǳ㵽ʲôɫ
Ҷǳķڹǰ۳ЦΪУֻҪ㽻棬ұ뿪춼Ҫĵӣļˡ


1407 Ƚ
ҶǳĻвùɫޱȣڵ͸׹⣬֪ԼɱҶǳһὫҶǳҡ
֮һ½ҲǶĴеԪ˧Ȼǰһвˡ
ֱǳ裡
ҶǳԺҹƲݺݵضҶǳҧгݵ˵

ҶǳЦһԹ˵ӭ֮ͣ
ϣҲʧˡ
֮⣬Ҷǳ¶Цݣ֪ˡ
ȻûһǵĻ󷨴󿪣һȺ˴ſףһģһӳڼ˷
Щվлеվͳ档
ױΣֻվȥҲԴУҪְ취ȥ
棬Ϊܹӵõ𣿡
ҶǳЦһӴѾƬأӹǳˣ̽һ
Щ˵УʮСһ
ʣΨһһȻҲվĴͳˡ
ҶǳǶʱһĨЦ
ݣ
û˿ԥҶǳʩչĽɱ档
ͣܵҶǳĽʹѪش
վţ֮ǳ˷ֻͷһˣ
Ҷǳһ档
ͬʱĽ
ģ֮ǳбǶֹ˲ĽĹ
վԥһ£ջɱҶǳΪֻ涨ġ

Ҷǳɫһ䣬Ӵ۳һĽɱ˷վ
ۡ
ʱеվѪɣֵסĽĹοǣ
һ˲䣬Щվ͵ˣһ־ؿҶǳ
Ҷǳȵٸһλᣬ˵һȥı۴ɱ⡣
ɱɱ濴ЩվͣסˣʱĴ
ϧһûվЩվҲǰ׳գû뵽ǰγ
ǿµ鹥ǵѡ
棬㹴Ƚң̰֮ǵ˰գ֪Ҷǳһ̤棬ѾǶ
ټĽĹѾشѲá
浽ǴûŵùģŭصҶǳ˭гûгͲ֮ǳɱңŹġ
ͷҺҶǳЦһֱӳץ档
֮ĴӪûаѳǷë
ֻҪгڣܴ߶֮ǵĻǴһëǾû˿в
ϾǿǷʥ˵Ĵ
䣡
ûиϻҶǳֱһȭɱȥĽĹѪɣǱ
ɶ񣬾ǳƾʲôҺȽҹ᣿Ҳǲ󳼣ô̰˰գŭ
ҶǳЦ˵ٶûãˡ
û˿飬ҶǳȫҪɱ档
վͳģɱ棬Ҳᡣ
ʵϣ˰շ˼ල֮⣬ǳصȨ㶼ڳ
ʽŭ
ҶǳӳԼǿһֲĻȭͷ֮ϣЯŻǿݺݵغ档
䣡
ؼʱ̣һӰȻƿնǰסһ
˷ǳǿһϢɲ⣬֮ǰĹ˿
ǿֲϢ¶ΧնŤˣҵĿռ䣬г˵İӰ޷ֱӡ
ҶǳΪֹɣҴˡ
ĮؿǰҶǳ˫֣վǰǳǿӲܰ
Ҷǳͫһ˭
ǰˣȻԪ˧ʵ𾪡
ԨǳȽ飡Į˵һ˫ӣҶǳǳһĨмЦݡ
ҶǳĿһݣԭԨǵĳȽɵĴ磬ѹôǿʵ
Ƚ׼֮ǵļ𣿡Ҷǳ漴ɫ˵
ȽûлشҶǳתͷ˵վͳıҡ
浱ͽȽ顣
ҶǳɫؿһĻ֪ȽҪʲôѵΪ˱㰲һվͳ
ʲôЦֻҪ֮ǳû˿԰վͳ졣
ݣ
ڴʱȽ齫ֱӸҶǳ
㣬ѾվĴͳ죬ôҴڸ˽¡ҪԣӮҾˡȽ鱳˫֣Ե˵
Ҷǳԣɫʱޱѿ


1408 
ǰԶȽ飬Ҷǳɫǳѿ
Ƚ棬ҪϾûɱ棬´˳ȥӶˡ
ǰҶǳǲںʲôӣѾ֮ǳûӵĻԺ˭Ƶ֮ǣôչ֮ǣ
Ҷǳûг嶯ڵԼǳ˽⡣ǰ֮ǳʱ͸ȽĵܵȽɽ֡
ԣȽҲһ
ˣҶǳжȽ϶ֻˣŲ鹥Ÿô
Ƚ飡
һҶǳĿضŶȽ飬һҼˣܹȵһʱܾȵһ
ҪɱʱԨǣҵšȽɫĮ˵
ĿʼնڸҶǳƺûҶǳ
˵뷨ͬȽ鿴ֻҪ֣ͲҪҶǳ
츳ǿΣ
Ҷǳ޷ʥųʥϣ
߰ɣ
Ƚһӣ뿪
ҶǳҲ㱾£泰Цһ漴Ƚȥ
Ҷǳ۾䶢˵ıӰɱⱩǡ
Ƚ飡
Ҷǳ䣺ҵĻһЩ㻹ʲôʸǰš
ݣ
ڴʱ״ӹڷ˳ҶǳʱҶǳҲˣǱǰ棬
ڽˡ
ʵϣ֪ͨȽġ
ף֮ǰĽѵ𣿡Ҷǳף鹥ʱ籡
ɫһ䣬ȻҶǳ鹥ڵļ˿û֡
ߣҶǳǱȽߵģҷʲô£бȥԨȽ鰡һȻͻܽˡ
ҶǳԲԶսսվȵߣ
б֣ЩվҲҿ׷׸Ҷǳǰ֮ǡ

Ȼص֮ǺҶǳͽ̩꣬˵ڿʼվĴͳ죬Ǹһָ֮ڵػ֮ǡ
ǣ̩æӦʵ׼Ͼ¹Σ϶ҪŷҪλϣĳܼҿ϶
ãڻܻһվͳλõԺҪҶǳλҲǺܾԺˡ
ң˵ʱڣܹȡҶǳΣǾпվͳλá
ˣ̩̬ȰڵĺҶǳִУ˿
ҶǳԴҲ⣬ǰ֮ɫĲ̩꣬˵վԱ˵ҪǶ˵֪ҵЩҲվͳλáԣֻҪĹػ֮ǣôͳλãһֱġ
лЯ̩һϲæл
ȥɣ˳ҽʦǹһˡҶǳ˰֣ʾ̩ȥ
վҶǳȷأ֮ڲվһ裬άѡ
ǿĻ֮ǵĻǴ
⣬ҶǳһƻǾǵؽ֮󣬻̵ֹľӢһ֧̾ǲ֮
˼֮䣬ëΪѾ룬ֻЩ˵ɫǳأȻ˲õ顣
Ҷǳɵѯʵʲôˣ
ҶСӣոջ»֪ԨѾܱߵĳǳأǾˡëһȻ
ҶǳЦ;ǰķչ֮Ǿˡ
ͽ鲻ô򵥡Ϊ̾һǳҪչҪıǴܱߵĳǳضǾѾûгǳظ֮ͨˡ£ֻ֮ܿǣûж˻
ʵϣѾкܶ˿ʼ֮ˣԭ֮ڻһ˿ڣֻʣǧˣֻڳ١
ģûд󣬳̫ˡЩͼ߻˵Щ߼ߣȴҪȥܲߴԨôڶǵĸǱëҧгݵ˵
ż˵Ҷǳ֪жôء
ȷû˴ͨǾ͸һ֮ǵ˻Ἣټ٣Ҳжӡ
ҶǳƬ̣漴ѯʵܱߵĳǳأ֪٣ЩѵԨһ飬ܲȡֻȡһλҲܹ֮ǵȼü֮
֪ΪҡҡͷЦҲʸЩԻǣ˼ʹ߹ȥЩ涼ҹƺѲ߷ǣܹҵʲôϵ˵ھ֮ʶԪ˧Ԫ˧


1409 ѩ̿
Ӻ˳ս֣
ʦΪĻҶǳʱ뵽˾ǵλܸߣȻܹ㣬˵԰鷳
ֻǣҶǳЩΪ飬ͺС汻˴ˣҰߣ̫ˡ
Ҷǳô棬˼š
ܿ죬뵽һˣ˵һ
Ҳǿҷǳ˵սʥڡҶǳͻȻ̧ͷ˻˵
ȥǽëǵʱսʥڶ̬ȿǷǳƣսʥʥӶˡ
ҲԽһսʥڵ
ʥز֪˶£֮ս֡Ӻ˳ֻ಻١
ңҶǳԼı£Ҳ㶪ˡ
ҶСӣǺսʥҲϤ޵սʥֻһӣȷսʥڻ𣿡
ëЩɵʵ
ҶǳЦ֪սʥΪʲôҪ£ΪǼ˽ؾҺ֣鹥ɱǿߡȻսʥڵˣֻΪʵҪҵڹؼʱ̰һѣϣҺĹϵ𲻶սʥڵ˳֡
ȻǣǾܷǡΪԲɵõ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦԿɣ͸ǳϢȥ
˵꣬͵¼磬ϵǳ
Ҷǳû뵽ǣǳϢϢȴսʥڵʥӺԪ䡣
ЩܳϾԪĵλܸߣһսִԪ˧ǿߡ
һǵ͹Ӱ
Ҷǳ뵽
ֵ鹥ǿԪ˧شҲѹֺԪἱ£ˡ
ҶСӣ쿴ʲôϢˣëʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦֱСԪ䷢Ϣչʾ
ĿһɨǰĻʱϲɫ
սʥھҶǳһϢǱ߾ͱʾԽ⡣
Ϊ֮ΧǳǸսʥйϵһǳػսʥڵ˵
˸ܵսʥʥصǿ
һ죬ǲҲҪսʥôǿ󡣡ëĵ
ҶǳЦǱսʥڻҪǿ󡣡
ǿɲװǵóһʥ˲УһַǳǿʥˡΪЦ
Ҷǳ˰֣ЦЩԺ飬˵˵ǰģȻԪѾӦˣôܿͻǳظ֮ͨǳصİԨǶǵķҲӰ첻ˣҪչ֮ǣ⿿һ㻹С
˶˵ͷ
˴ֻ˵Щ;֮ǣֻܱ֮ǵ˿ڼʧ
ǣҪ߽֮ǣɼѡ
ë˻ҶСӣǽ̵ĿŴμӣ϶ɾ޴Ӱ˵᲻߹ۿ
۾һ
⵹һ⡣
ҶǳҲ¶֮ɫ
ȴҡͷȷһЧ̫ΪЩֵֻģ֮ûʲôɫǵȵͻ뿪
Ϊ˵ͷ̾˵ףÿ֮Լֻ˵ʱò̿ŴӰһȺ˹Żһɳ졣
ҶǳŴҲ̸ͬˣ֮ӣЩǲڿҵЦ𣿵ʱ򣬹ƾ͸û˻֮ˡ
Ҳԡ
ˣԪͷǳϢˡ˷֮ǵ˿֮ʣҶǳԱߵĻ羫С˵
˶ʱ¶֮ɫղźԪ䲻Ѿ
ҶǳæϢͶų
ܿ죬ǰͳĻʾźԪͷǳϢ
Ҷ֣Ļϣܹ֮һƬ򣬹սʥڽڣսʥµһЩ¥ջȣҲԸֲ֮ϣҶԺܹչˡԪ
һʱЦˣֱѩ̿
ʲôҶǳչ˰Ÿ֮˿ڣһЩ֮ȱٵĻʩ
ҶǳҲһܣæԹϽȥŴ£һҪսʥõĵضΣܵǡ
˵꣬ҶǳֿΪ˵ʦ𣬶սʥڵҵʩõŻݣ˰ҲԴȼ⡣
û⡣
Ȼ
Ϊæͷ
˼ѩ֮̿ߵȻҪĳ⣬Ȼ˵սʥڣԺ˭
ٿԱ߷ǳϢʵԪͬС죬Ϊ˰֮˿ڣӻʩġ
ҶǳȻһĴͬʱԪͷǳĻţҲһ֮˿ڵķ
£ҶǳϵԼʶղ̩Ӣ룬Լ־е£ϣǵļܹᵽ֮Լ߿ԸõĴ
ЩҶǳͽʣµ齻ΪȥˣԼصӣչء
䣡
Ҷǳչ֮һҶǳӡ
ʱ


1410 չ
һľ
Ҷǳǰʱһѡʱˡ
ȻѴսʱЩ˷ѣǡҶǳǰʱ
ǰȽǰ棬˵ֱǳ衣
Ҳ̼Ҷǳٴζʱ
ȻЩ˷սҶǳ
ҪӮȽ飬ͱ뽫ԼĻ%30ʱսܿԪ˧ʵǿࡣ
Ƚ飬´ҿ㻹ܲô򶨡
Ҷǳһ漴ʱ
һҶǳһʮʱ䣬ֵһǧս
ϾԽ󣬻ѶԽҶǳһʱ䡣
ԭʣǧսֻʣǧսˣҶǳ׼һˣϾҪЩսչ̡
Ͼһ̽ҪԴṩ
ûԴ˼ΪʲôҪ㲹̣
ûԴôܵǿߣ
ʵǧսԶԶԷչ̣ҶǳĿǻؾϣܹڻؾõһЩΪ̴ºʵĸ

Ҷǳչʱ֮ҲȻĵطչš
˷Ǻսʥڵİ֮ǵҲԽԽࡣ
ղ̩յҶǳϢ֮󣬾ͽ¸֪ղˣղҷǳϵشȫ֮ǡ
ӢҲˣһЩ־ˣǸҶǳսսԶҶǳǳΡ
ȻҪ֪ҶǳΪˣԶԸҶǳ
ң־˶֪ҶǳӺ˳սԪ˧ϵܺãǱɡ
ԣ󲿷־ˣϼҴڵ֮ǡ
ǳĴܼң֮Ǽ˿ڣЦŶΪ˵̶̼֮䣬֮ǵ˿ھ100ڣһڼšղңǨӶǼʮˡ
Ǻǣ100ھͰ˵ģ֮Ĵǳأԭż˿ڰ
ΪҡͷһЦ漴˵ղ֪ղ̩ǳϵǼȻǳȻҲܿǣŻݣǺġ
ͷǵȻʱڿ֮ǵǶѩ̿Ȼܿ
Ϊ΢΢Цţ֮ǵĴ㳡ʱ֮ǵĴ㳡ǳ֣֮ǵﲻ
ҪսʥڵӰ̫սʥ￪ڣȻǰϾϣԼսʥڡ
оҶǳ־ˣ־ʮڶߣУÿ˵һӴļ塣
㲻ÿ־ϼҴڹֻһ֣ҲǷǳӴ
һĻΪ͹ǳˡ

Ԩǡ
Ƚ顢ȽֵҲ̸֮ǵĶ
磬û뵽սʥھȻôͦҶǳҶǳСӾȻھӰô̶̼֮100˿ڡȽɫ˵
Ƚɫޱ򶨣˵֪սʥΪͦҶǳ𣿡
磬֪Ƚɶʱ¶֮ɫ
ȽЦΪսʥڵʥӺԪϾҪؾˣһκǰͬ
ʲôͬȽɻҲ֪ؾûʸؾ
Ƚ˵ǰǽؾòҲܹסһΣһ鹥شԪ˧ǿߣﶼáԪ𣬿ֻ·һ
ԪͦҶǳʲôϵȽɻ
ȽλҶǳһͨǿչ·½ģǽܺáңﲻõ£ֻҶǳֵܵס鹥
ˣԪһϣڻؾʱܹõҶǳİٲҲͨҶǳĹϵҪ
Ƚ˵꣬϶ʱһĨ֮ɫ磬ȻôҶǳԸǣǸô죿
Ҫ֪ڲҶǳΪԿҶǳ鹥
Ͳˡ
İɣվǱģɱһǼֱȽҡͷЦ
ӪΪһ֮ǲκ˵ġ
ϾԸǶԸ
ҲǣֻҪͲ𡣡ȽԴڨڨղǱסˡ
磬֮ǵķչѸ٣ǸηȽ漴ʵ
Ƚҡͷᣬ֮ûԴʱͨϵ˿ڣܹﵽһǧڡһǧ˿ڣһСɶԶԶȲϡ


1411 ȼԪ˧
֮ǣһȻƿնȥʱ
ʮʱתۼҶǳʱȴѾʮ꣬ŬҲûа׷ѡ
%31
Ҷǳ¶֮ɫ
ﵽ%31ѾȺӺ˳Ԫ˧ˣҪǿ
Ͼӿ£ǷͲЩԪ˧ġ
ңڳ־ϣҪЩԪ˧
ټʥЩԪ˧ҲδҵĶ֡Ҷǳеʥš
ʵѾﵽԪ˧ĳ̶ȡ
סȽǿߣһսˡ
óˣҲ֪֮Ƿչôˣ
Ҷǳ⡣
ʮ˦ƹ֮ǵ鶼ʦΪϽ䣬ëǣѾչˣڳ硣
ϾЩˣҶǳ֮⣬СʵûУʵ޷һ档
ϾҪ̣ʱҶǳһ֣ⲹҲ̫ˡ
ңëעΪ̵ĸ߲㣬ûСʵʵѹס档
ʦ𣡡
Ͻ
̩꣡
úҶǳ֮ǵͷҲǳܼҡ󳼺վͳ졣
Ϊ͹俴ҶǳأԵúܸˡ
ôαչأΪһĵʵ
ҶǳЦ˵ǳ˳
Ϊ͹һͷˡ
϶ʵǣȻҶǳôţǶҶǳǳ˽⡣
֮ڵ˿ƺࡣҶǳЦ˵˲串֮ǣ漴¶֮ɫ
һԵĹЦѾһǧ˿ˣǿﵽСǳصļ𣬵֮ǰȴǿˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЩˣ֮ǰֻһ˿ڣ֮ǶЩͿտ
һӴﵽһǧ˿ڣ֮ҲһЩָһЩ
޷ЩǳᲢֽۣٶȻǺܿġ
Щ˿ڴ󲿷ֶսʥڵӰģо־Աģڼ֮ǵ˾ԽԽˡΪ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵־վޣһǧ˿ڣʱҲԴˡҪչ֮ǣҪԴ
Դ
Ϊ͹¶ɻ֮ɫ
ԱһֱֹĲ̩꣬ԵָĿԴ
Ȼ
ҶǳЦһ漴һ֣˵ǰһĻҹĻ֮лչֳ֮ǵĵͼ
Ĺ涨ֻҪǳǳΧڹڵĵ򣬶ڳǳС
ҶǳָǰĹĻʾ֮ԽԽСһ޴ĺɫԲȦ֮ǰΧ
ҶǳָźɫԲȦĵ򣬶˵ԣпԴ֮ǡǾҪЩԴߡ
Դ棬棬ѵõŵû֮
ЩͼߺӴɢޣûԴһ֮õߣȻһѷܹ
һˣô̻ᶼ֮ǿ̣֮ҲԽԽ
һǳطչĸ
ǡָ̩ŵͼϵһƬ򣬿Ц֮ǵԴͲ࣬ΨһпԴĵطҲڿԨߡǣߵĿԴԨǸռˣ⿿վղġ
Ҷǳһ䣬ŵͼʾԨǣ˵ֻҪڰڹ֮ڣǾ֮ǵģǰ֮ûгԨǸռˡ֮ǿɲȽˣվ׼ǱǰȥջЩԴ
ǣ̩ȻԨǺη壬ҶǳҲֻӦ
ҶǳΪһ֮ǵķչ뿪˳
ĽֵϣѾǵôտǳߣǳַ
ֵԵĵ̣ҲѾӭͣ͵Ҷǳǲʱȣֱģ
Ϊ֮Ƕӵһǧ˿ڣ󶼾ۼ֮ǵλãҲǳ
һ飬طǿտġ
Ҷǳ˫֣һ·ι䣬սʥ֮ǿķڡ
ҶˣǳĶӳսʥڵķ˳ӭҶǳ
Ҷǳһؿ˵û뵽￪ڵľȻ㣬ӳҲ÷뿪
Ǻǣ˵Ҷڣ֮ȼǣȻҪͣԺҽӹܷо޴ӳЦ˵
ӳˣҶǳ΢΢һЦǳôЩա


1412 Ƚ
ӳ˽һսʥȻ˼䣬Ҷǳתȥղҡ־Щˡ
Щ˶ѩ̿ҶǳȻҪһ£Ȼ̫ûˡ
תһ֮Ҷǳһվ뿪֮ǣԨǵķһ·жȥ
һ·ϹʮʮͿŰٶʮһСͿ
ָ̩ŵͼϵһλãҶǳ˵
Ҷǳüͷһڲ̩꿴СͿѾܴˡ
˵֮ǵĿԴ٣ʵЩǳضԵģСǳءͳǳر֮ǵĿԴ
ֻǣЩԴ񶼱Ԩռš
Ȼй涨֮ûг󳼺ԭȵվͳֱԨǵ˰ѳţ̩һܼңû취ȥ۶״
Ͼ̩СǼĸ߲㣬ȽҲͨһЩϵò̩û취
֮û֪ͨԨǵ˳ЩԴ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ǰ֮ûгҲˣ֮ѾгˣѵԨǻռЩԴ
ʦѾ֪ͨˣԨǱҲӦ˳룬Ǵߴ˼Σ˵ڳ롣
̩һЦЩ˰ʱ䣬ֲ˹ֻҪʱˡ
ȻˣǾͱҲˡҶǳЦһ漴ͨʱԾǨǰһռѷ졣
ĿһɨվҶǳԲ̩˵ȥɨЩеԨǾӣںЩ
ǣ̩˵ͷкݺ˿ֻҪǰͷͲˡ
ৣ
ſռѷʧҶǳӰҲʧˡ
ʱԾǨٶȺܿ죬֮ҶǳͳһϿգӦſеɫǳѿ
죬ҿڣǳ˵ˣᾡʱ䣬ڴڼҶһЩ
ҶǳʲôһõĴѣԨ棬ֱѰ衣
İɣǳѾͨϵ߲㲻¡ֻҪ߲㲻ᣬҶǳκβǣǸҾ͵˷ǡ

֮άԨǾӷǳţһЦŽûѽߵ֮Ƿ
Ҷǳһ䣬ֱӴ߶鹥޲ɱȥ
ৣ
ʱ֮еһ߲ΪЩ֮ǿҲһ
񣬲磬ֵסҶǳ鹥
˷𣿲Ҿڽ˷ˣ֮ǵĵ̣˭˵Ҳԣ
ҶǳЦһ
ٴͨʱԾǨǰһ
û˿ԵֵҶǳٶ࣬Ҳ鹥ɱ
СڵĿҲҶǳһȭɱ
Ҷǳһ·ɨеСͿͿɨɾȻ󱻺Ϲվơ
ʱҶǳĿѾŵЩͿ档
ֻԨǱѾõϢҶǳϵһͿ󣬵ȴһȺǿԨǾӡ
ңΪ׵ˣˡ
һȽɣȽĵܵܣҶǳ֮ǵĳ֮λ
һԭ֮վͳ棬ҶǳɱȽǿƴߡ
һˣҶǳʱЦ߳ռѷ죬˵ԨѾõϢˣȽ鲻ƾҲ赲𣿡
ȽŭȵҶǳȻ֮ǵĳҲûȨ޹ɱԨǵľӣɱ㣬Ҳͷǡ
ʲôʱɱԨǵľӣҶǳ֮ǵĵ̣Լĵ̽˷ˣѵдУԨǵľӦԨǲŶԣѵԨǵľѾ֮׼ʲô׼췴𣿡
㡭Ƚɻһͣû뵽ҶǳȻװɵҶǳ˵ϻ˼ǶǳҲҪʱ䣬ٸһʱ䣬Ǿͻ᳷롣
ʱ䡣
ҶǳȴĮ˵ˣ֮ǵĿһҵķҪôҪôҵ˽֮ǵĵطȨɱһеˡ
Ҷǳ㵱Ҫ˺ƤȽضҶǳ
ҶǳתͷԱߵ棬˵û뵽㻹ҳԨǣ֮ǰɱ㣬ڡ
Ҷǳ˵ˣбɱҰȴһ壬ҶǳЩȡ
ݣ
Ҷǳû飬ȫʩչĽɱȥʱȴһεסˡ

Ҷǳ۾ɵÿȽɡ


1413 
ܵҶǳĿȽɶʱһҶǳҴڣͱ鹥ԸǣʶĻǸϽ
ҶǳҾбɱҰһЦ
һӣҶǳ
ҶǳĿһɨͷȽбﵲס鹥Ǵ˴ǿߣսϿ֮еػ󷨣ԷӳǿĹͷ
˵ʵ֮ǰҶǳȷκβǡ
Ͼһû鹥⿿Ҷǳ֮ǰսҲǿȽǿһ߶ѡ
ȽɿɲǸȽ׼
ϧѾ֮ǰˡҶǳЦʱʮ꣬ĻѾﵽ%31ʵȼԪ˧
˵һȽˣȽˣҲаջˡ
ҶǳȰ㻹ǹɣôҲһڱǻܣҪЦġ
ȽһϷŰؿҶǳҶǳ룬ϵĳ֮ɫȴһɡ
ͳαظ˵ףҲõ㣬һҲ֮ǵĳҿǴͳáһƨһҶǳ
ҶǳĮؿǣɱȻԼǾͱҲˣҲãץסǣǿвȽ飬һ𡣡
ȽԼЦץסǣҶǳҿǷˣƾһˣץסǣվˣֵһᡣ
𣿡
Ҷǳ䣬ѾȽɣٶȷɿ죬Խ˹٣ڿ֮ĦҵĻ⡣
ԶԶȥһŴ׹ǿֲк£Ŀռ䶼ѹñˡ
ʱԨǵ˶ܵһɾ޴ѹ
ģֻѡ
ȽЦһվģ߶󷨣˵ӳԼϣҶǳһȭȥ
ռȭ
ҶǳҲһȭ
ûǻεʽֻͨͨһȭռ⾳Դӳ
أ
˵ȭͷʱײһ𣬱졣
¡¡һɽɢȥˣиǳ;޴Ŀռѷ졣
˵ضʱһƬǽ壬ĩ١
һǿ£һ𣿡濴һĻеľ
ҶǳһֱּһߵĴ۷嶼Ҫֲˡ
óͳ׼濴ƳȽɣʱ
ڴʱԭƳȽɣȴͻȻǺȻ͵һѪɳȥ
ʲôʧɫ
ʲôȽɾȻҶǳһȭѪ
Ҫ֪ǿȽɻһȭӽԪ˧Ĺˡ
ǣûʱ濼ǣҶǳѾһ񽣣һ貣ҫ۵Ľâݺݵǰ档
䣡
󷨾Ҳվ֮еԨǵˣľеҡҡ׹
ô᣿Ĺôôǿȥ󷨸סι濴ż󷨣ʱŵ۾Ӷɳˡ
Ҷǳʵ
УԨǳȽҲˡ
Ҷǳ
ȽɲǵѪҺ󷨣һŵصҶǳ𾪵Ȼǿˣôܣ
ޱȣۿҶǳͻս֪Ҷǳǿ
£ҶǳȻǿˡ
һﵽʲôΪʲôһôӵ˿µ
ȽͬʱϵȽ飬
ȽɣȰǻǹԹ־ܰɡ
Ҷǳ̤еʥųҵĹâһᴩգЯŰܣݺݵسǰ󷨡
סҶƴɣһҪסȽɫһ䣬˻
ڣԨǵˣ棬ȫűԼǿ
󷨵ǻһֲͬһ޴Ķƣһ̫žɽֵҶǳʥ
ߣ
ҶǳЦȫֲϵػʥ֮УʹĹâԽԽҫۡ
ʥͼӲޱȣʥټҶǳ˿ֲǼֱһʮᣬչֳ˾ǿ
¡¡
ǰ󷨣ʥĳ£ڲϵر
Χһ󷨵ػڱըԨǵ˲ҽж
֮ڣȽɺЩҲڴѪҪֲסˡ
ǲ
Ҷǳλӽǰˡ
Ƚɵˣһɴ۾ͫͻ̿֡


1414 սȽ
һȽɵ˱㱩¶Ҷǳ֮УһŻֶ̿־ףҶǳеܽ
ûʲôֵȽɡȾͱҶǳ
棬˿ҶǳһŲ棬ġ
ҶŹңʲôСľԽΪǿģԽ
ô£ѾĿ־塣
ˣ
Ҷǳһʥ֮£նɱ
ȵѪҺڲԶȽϣŵȽֵͫҶǳҴԨǳɱңҴ粻Źġ
汻ɱĴ̼̫ˣҪסҶǳ
İɣļֵö࣬ҿɲɱ㡣
Ҷǳ˹ȥӡȽɵΪЦ˸磬Ϳ㣬ҾͰ㵱ˡ
Ҷǳ㡭ңȽл֣̿ɫ˵
Ҳң˵ɣҶǳøϻӡΪ֮󣬾ͰӽԼĵ֮С
ЩԨǵľӣȫҶǳӡΪ֮УЩôˡ
ϾЩԨǵľӣȽ϶Ըôʱ͵ùԹóһЩ
ҶǳѾ⣬һҪԨҧһ⣬֧֮ǵķչ

ú󣬲̩Ŵվ١
һ·ҲǳæϾûҶǳٶȣǽӹһ֮ҶǳǱȴѾո˺üˡ
ڻʣʮͿһЩ˿أʣµļҶǳ
漴ҶǳʱԾǨǰһͿ
ʧȥȽɡԨǵľӾʣµĴͿûʲôֿҶǳշ
ʱȽҲһسҶǳǰ
ȽǴŷŭģû˵Χȴ׵˸
¡¡
ȽƷǳֲ˫۾ɢ˵ѹǡ
ÿһ̤նڲΧƬضս
ڴ磬ЩϡٵĴԪ˧⣬ȽѾվ۷塣
һССĴȻҲ
ҳ̫𣿡
ȽϬ񣬳ŶҶǳȥ
ʱһɿְֲ־Ƶǵذĳա
Ƚþò
ҶǳŲԶ̤նȽ飬ǿԷɫѿӣҶǳʱЦˡ
Ƚ־
Ҷǳ磬˵Ƚ־ЩԪ˧־Ҳ޾塣
Ҷǳվﲻ·һΡɽƾγΡȻء
ҶǳҵܵأǣҿԵһжûзȽ鱳˫֣Ŀ䶢Ҷǳ
ܵܣȽ𣿡
ҶǳԳȽɲӦԨ֮ǵĵ̣ҿûܵܡһЩַ֮ǵˣҵǿһЩҲץһЩ
˵꣬Ҷǳ˻֣һѪܵԴʱڰС
ѪܵԴϣһ˫۾ﻹżȵĿ־壬Լľ
Դ
棬ȽͫһŰԴ
ϴǿƾ棬ҶǳĽ¡
·һ𶼻صԭ㡣
վǰδͳ죬̰֮ǵ˰գ񻹴˰ռ֮ǵĿ³
ҶǳһָеԴʱըһƬѪɢ
ɫѿȽ飬ҶǳĮ˵ǰ֮ôҲܣҼȻ֮ǵĳ˭ٸַ֮ǵ棬³
Ҷǳն־ᶨ
Ҷǳ̫ˣվǿΪ𣬲ҪΪ֮ǵĳҾκβ㡣Ƚɫ˼㡣
ҶǳʢһǿսĿⶢŶȽ飬˵ǿΪҲãҶĳһȽʵ
Ѱ裡Ƚһ̤͵ܲ·ضһ̤ı䡣
սҶǳֻ³һ֣˾ѾһȽ飬Ƴȭ캳صǰݺݳȥ
֪νȽһָһֻȭͷƮƮغҶǳдŲмϾЦ
Ȼ˵ȭͷײһʱȽɫʱˣͫгš
أ
ȭңڡ
Ҷǳһȭ֮£ȽȭͷֱӴˣǿǽ˶ɳȥ
ⲻܣ
Ƚɫ䣬оǲš
Ȼղûȫ֣һҲǴ۷ǿ߿Եֵġ
˵Ҷǳˡ
˵Ҷǳʵһ̤Ԫ˧Ρ


1415 ѹ
Ƚ飬ʿգĿСң³
߿УҶǳһЦؿŶЩǱȽ飬иеǳ졣
ΪͲ
ߣ޷磬Ҷǳܹٽ
ҶǳŶȽ飬ŵͬһ档
ⲻܣôôǿ㵽ʲôȽ̤ն۾ŶҶǳһš
һȻƾͰˡ
öôǿ
ȽЩš
֮УûмôǿӵţοҶǳֻһ
źӹŵ𡣡Ҷǳ˫֣ǳһĨĳ
ϴȽǰǿƴ棬ˣֵÿȽ顮𾪡еܳ죬ͷȫͨ
Ҷǳ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǿҲŻǿù
Ƚߵ
䣬ɱ
һ޴ʯӡһɱɽҪǿƺƵǵذӲ֮ѹ
ţҶǳ۾һС
öʯӡһ֣͸ܵеĲ֮ʥϵϢ
ȻλȽһʥϣʹкǿĵ̣ԽΪʥ
ȻȻ
Ҷǳû⣬ԷóԪ˧ĸ֣ӵһʥϲʲô
ৣ
ҶǳԭһӰֱȽ飬в֪ʱһ񽣣ʥ
䣡
ʥâ貣ҶǳȻӶһƴƥĵâʱƺҪг롣
䣡
ֲޱȵһݺڶʯӡʱһضҡΣֲϯ˷
ҶǳȽ£Ѿ飬ɽһʯգҳ죬һƬĩվ
㾹Ȼʥ𣡡
Ƚ鿴еסԼʯӡǱʥеһϾǲš
һʥϼֵܴ󣬶һмУһ˺ѻá
Ҳӣķ꣬Żսá
Ͼÿ˶Ҷǳǿľˢս
ԣҶǳȻʥʥϴһú𺳡
ݳޣ˷ѡ
Ƚ۾еʥ˫ޱȣޱ̰ѽУаտԪ˧ˡ
ҶǳУȴһǿҲѡ
Ƚú˷ѣ˫ְѹֲͬġɢĪƳһƬ嫵Ϣ
ɱҲѽ
Ƚӿһ̰
ֻҪõʥʵܹԪ˧ʥ֮վ۷塣
ջ̫ˡ
ߣ
ҶǳܿȽе̰֮ɫһֱӳȥһȭȽ顣
ӵǿĻ壬ҪʲôĶֻҪԼռ⾳ȭ֮Уܹսսأη塣
¡¡
ҶǳһȭƴձƷԡ
봴죬Ҷǳһȭ֮չ֡
ռ⾳һеռҲһеĿʼ
ҶǳȻЩһֱ磬ⲻռ޷ǰռѾﵽɲľ硣
ȱģֻһ񼶲϶ѡ
ѵռ⾳
ȽҶǳҲɱҶǳռȭȴĽڽڰˣǿֲȭ͸ݶڵ궼ڲ
һĩ٣س⾳С
Ƚ鿴𣬿صеľ
ռ֮Ŀ£λԪ˧ǿ߶е𺳡
ǳʥ˭ֵܵ
ȽȻЩڣ֪Ҷǳǿ󣬵ͲҶǳ
ϧѾˡ
أ
ȽһαˣȻûˣȴǱ
һԪ˧ĳǿߣȴһѹ·磬ʵǸеޱȱ
ʵ
Ƚ飬Ҫٴ𣿡
Ҷǳڸ߿Уûм֣Ϊ֪ɱȽ飬ش
Էһ鹥սܱȽǿҲǿѡ
Ի˻Ƚ飬ȴܻɱȽ飬ԷߣҲס
ʵϣһԪ˧ҲɱһλԪ˧ǿߣ𣬲ѾСˡ
Ҷǳ֪֮ġ
ֻҵľﵽ˵۷壬ǲɱЩԪ˧Ԫ˧ǿߡҶǳ뵽
һ첻̫ԶΪ걦ʯľʱ޿̲š
ʵϣľѾӽκˡ
ֽٶǱ֪ƶɴ۾š


1416 
Ҷǳ㵽ҪôŷҵܵܣȽ۾ؿŶҶǳ˵
Ȼ򲻹Ǿ̸ֻˡ
ȻЩЩ裬ȽҲԼܱܵɱ
ֵһ£ָѾԽһС
Ǻǣܼ򵥣ôͿֵܼܸܵߣͿ
ҶǳһĨ֮ɫڵջʱˣ˵ʣµԨǾӣҲÿôȥ̸ɡ
һ֮ɲȽ鳶Ƥ黹ǽȥ
ң鴫ȥܱߵĳǳسȻٶ֮ˡ
ã
Ƚɫѿص˵ͷ漴Ҳתߡ
ûоҶǳʨӴ󿪿ڣϾҶǳģڼȻˣǾͽܳͷ
ףȻôˬ죬ȻԪ˧ǿߣҶǳȽôʹӦ֮࣬ҲЩ
ɱ˵ĻƻƤּۻۣĻҶǳ϶Ӽۡ
Ͼ˭ȭͷ˭ǵȻˣǾͽĴۡ
˭㵱Ƶģֵ˭
λȽԿĺ
ߣʶ࣡
ҶǳһԭĵȰš
ú󣬲̩һȺվ
һ۾ͿǰǽĴأǲĿֲϢжһȻ
Ȼһλǿߴսһҿ¾ԨǵĳȽ顣
ȻڴʱҶǳˡ
ȽѾҴˣӽ쿪ʼ㶼֮ǵĵ̣פסЩ
ҶǳĲ̩˵
̩֪ҶǳȻȽ飬ֻо˼飬ͬʱɫӹˣЩǫˣ֮
Ⱥվȴһ˷ܲѣǳôǿԺ˭Сվ
ʱվʿǡ
Щվʿܵԣڿ̧ͷˡ
ÿˣ̩꣬һȵؿŸ߿еҶǳ
֮ڻûзչҶǳǿĳ֮ɲǱ˸Сġ
ݣ
Ҷǳ֮󣬱ʱԾǨ뿪ˡ
ٳֵʱѾ֮ǡ
Ͻʦ𣬹ʱԨǻ̸УǸ𣬲ҪǿȽѾһˣֻܽܣûзءҶǳ֮󣬾ͽ˹Ϊˡ
Ϊľʱϲɫ
ǺݺݴԨǵ棬ԺԨ֮鷳ΧЩǳҲˡ
Ǿ㲻ҶǳҲԸҶǳ
ˡй¶ȥһյЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ֪˼鴫ȥĻҪδԨǣҪΧĳǳأ
£ҶǳЦİɣվ˶֪ǻæġ
̫ˣȥ齻Ұɡҡͷ
Ҷǳ˵ͷУ㴦
ʹ죬ûԨǵѹƣټЩ֮ǽͿԷٷչˡΪЦݡ
˵ͷЦ˵ЩټԨ⳥ǵĿΪ֮Ӽǧڵ˿ڡЩǲ̽ʱ򣬾п֮ܽǵ˿һڡ
Ҷǳԣڴѡ
һ˿ڣѾǴǳصͱ׼ֻӵô˿ڣ֮ǲʸǳС
ңô˿ڣǲԺչҲѸ١
˰յĲƸŵӣòûк֮ǡ

ºԨǾˣΪ׵Ԩǳܼңһλǿߡ
ȻλǿߣԹΪĴʱȴǲ˿ֺ
ΪҶǳҶǳȽϢҲѾΧǳˡ
˵̸УԨûһơ
ǳ˳ԨǸ˾޴ĴۣŴȽɵˡ
̸н֮ҶǳͷȽǣЩ˴ԨǴܼõϢһеš
ǵĳȻˡ
ⲻܣ
ȽɴһУ˵Խܡ
Ԫ˧ǿߣЩԪ˧˭ܴ磿
ģǿ߰ɡԨǵĴܼȽɵ
ţ̫ˡ
Ԩǵһܵĳ衣
ôǿ𣿡ȽɼܼҶô˵ʱɬȻˡ
ֻǣǸҶǳһôôǿ
ȽԽܡ
һȺԨǵˣǱ뿪ˡ


1417 Ӱ
ҶǳȽϢܿʹΧĳǳأڲ䣬ЩԪ˧ϵǿ߶֪ˡ
˺ܴĺ䶯ȾЩԭ֮ǡĳǳأѾ׷׸֮ٶȡ
ЩǳصĴӣ֮ǵҲԽԽˡ
ټҶǳȽϢʹһЩ̻֮ǵδģҲǰ֡
Щ˶ǳ֪Խ֮ǣõŻԽ󡣺ģ϶ġ
ҶǳǷǳӭЩһӴ
ټոЩٶˡ
ҶǳЩʵֿߣֻҪԸڿ󣬶õЩȱԴɢ˵ǳˡ
Ϣȥ󣬾һǧ߷ӵ⻹ǰڵġ
Ϊܶɢ޶ȱٵ֮ǺԶҪиϹٶȺġ
ΪˣΪصؽʹļ۸񣬾Ϊ˷ǵĵ
ΪĻȽʹ۸񣬰֮ǵ˿ȥԺٻظ۸񣬲ʧ̫

Ԩǡ
Ƚһ֮󣬾Ƚˡ
磬Ҷǳʵôǿ𣿡ȽһȽ飬ʵ
ȻѾΪĽˡ
ǿ
ȽҶǳȽɫصҺһսѾȼԪ˧ǿһңռ֮ȭ֮УʹǿҹƣԪ˧֮УѾﵽ۷壬ֻЩԪ˧ѹˡ
˻
Ƚɵһ
Ļ֪Ҷǳжô¡
⻹鹥ҽһһᱻɱ
Ƚ˵Щ꣺Ѿÿ۹ȥˣԺЩԪ˧ȼˣԺǲҪˡ
ȽɵһοԼ˼ɵһˣЩĵ˵Сֻһôôǿ֪ʲô𣿡
̫ҴûȽҡͷüͷϴεս֮еõӴս϶ǽھ֮жһһǿҲ֪ڲ̺๦˵оǿ
Ƚ۾һ˵磬Ҳֹ
ˣ
ȽֱӰֵȲŹļֵõˣҲҶǳôǿ
ΪʲôȽɻ
Ƚֹ̾ĻΪʲôôֻҶǳһӵôǿ˵ʲô˵ŹѶȺܴ󣬷ĻЩԪ˧Ԫ˧ҲŹġ
ҶǳȻ磬㲻Ҫˣռ֮ľôߣ˵츳ǿʲô̶ȣΪǿ츳츳𣿡
Ƚ鿴ǰȽߵ
ȽɶʱһڨڨҶǳĿֲ츳֮ǰΪҶǳ磬ⱲӶ޷磬ʹ˶ҶǳǷˡ
ȽһѣȽɲŷԼİ׳ˣҶǳȷǷˣΪ츳̫ǿɷ˵ģЩ츳ķŸ
뵽Ƚ鲻ɵһֻ磬Σһﶼܵõ񼶲ϣ̤硣㣬ȴлʥʱȻĶ֡
Ƚ˵ͷ漴˵Ҳ˵飬Ȼ޷õ֮ǣôԨǵĳɡ
硭ȽɻؿȽ飬˵أ
Ƚ۾֮ǵķ򣬳ҶǳҲǸһѵվǿΪ𣬽ҲЩ£ҹԨǣҪıչأʥ˾硣
ȽԶʱȻ漴ͷдȻԳʥҾ͵ȴĺϢˣԨһտţ㲻õġ
ţȽ˵ͷ

ǡ
һźɫľ޴׺Ȼڹ֮ϵĸ߿иֳɢžħ
ǹǳס
״˿֮ǵķ죬¶ȺͲ֮ɫû뵽СӾȻȽ飬Ѿǿ̶ֳ𣿲֪⵽ʲôԺӲˡ
ǿΪ֪ҶǳʵԼ֮ϣҲᵱҶǳвˣʲô𰡣Ҳˡ

ǡ
սʥʥӺԪͷǳԶҲ֪ҶǳȽϢǳ𾪡
û뵽ӾȻɳһҽֻϣ˺λЩϵû뵽ӾȻԴﵽһԪʷ
֮ǰʵûҶǳ鹥⣬۷ʵ⡣
οҶǳע޷ΪѾҶǳļˡ
ǺԪû뵽ôҶǳʹﵽԪ˧ֱһ漣
ǺǣʥӣѡˣӾ޷Ϊϵ츳ǿΪʥ֮µһˡǳЦ˵
ԪЦʥ֮µһˣǺǣЩڴ


1418 
ҶǳȽӰǳ޴߲֮˺ܴĺ䶯
ǰҶǳ鹥ȻǿֻҪ֣Ͳ鹥
һΣҶǳȻƾԼȽ飬ӵ˿Ԫ˧ս
ʲô
Ҷǳһϴﵽһµĳ̶ȣȻռ֮ס޷ȴпܳʥ
ڻ½ʷϣʥǿߣЩһʥٶǴʥʵǿ
ǰ˾Ҷǳ޷ʥ鹥ǿ߻ǲҶǳ
ڣҶǳѾ˳ʥϣǸǿʥ
ԣЩǿҲСҶǳˡ
ҶǳѾ½۷ǿߵС

۶һƻֺĹڣһ۾
λ۷弶ǿߣ˿ǰȴǷǳǫ£ϢѾȷϹˣҶǳȷȽ飬һսȽܴԨǽܵȽɹԼѾչˣ˵ʥء
˵꣬СؿϷܹ꣬ƺ¡Ϊ˾ʮ߻ӡ
ʮ߻ӱ۾鵭Įû֪Щʲô
Ȼ
ʮ߻۾
˫һɰԾµƶʱ
ֲ֮ռ䶼ˣˣš
о̣˿̸оΧ˺ڰΨһĹâڣϷʮ߻ӡ
磬ֻʣʮ߻һˡ
ϵѹûеľʮ߻ᴵɱԼ
̫ǿˣ˵ʮ߻Ӻ;ŻѾֵںϣֻҪԸ⣬ʱܳʥǿѹԼľ磬Ȼû˵
кȻ
ûмʥˣȴٴԪ˧Ǻǰʮ߻ӱЩԪ˧̫Զˡ
ʮ߻Ӹĸоͺһʥһ
˵ѡʱҶǳǴӴǵǼǵġô˵ҲһԨԴôһһˣܲշӡˣϺҶǳڷչ֮Щ˿ȥ
ڻ˼֮ʣʮ߻ϵ
ǣ£Ӧ漴˳
ʮ߻ĿͻȥиһĨ֮ɫռ֮鹥Ҷǳĵƻ࣬츳Ľֻǿϧռ֮Ȼδضվڻ½۷塣
һҶǳȽ飬ȷʮ߻ӵУʮ߻ûҶǳɶ֡
һ̫ˣ½ȻʥǿߣҲֹڴʥ硣
ʥûг֡
Ϊʥ֮ҪǼֱȳѡ
ʮ߻ӵĿһʥǴʥԺĳɾٶǹʥǸǿʥȻҶǳɶ֡

۶ͬһ̻Ի͵Ĵڡ
һϵӶ˵Щȥ֮ǣշշշ£ʮߵշ
ǣ£Ӧ
ϵӣպľŻӡ

Ӫ
սֺͺӺ˳ҲյҶǳȽϢ˾һ𣬶һĸп֮ɫ
û뵽һСһȻһת۾ʹﵽ̶ȣǿˡӺ˳һ
սҲпţǶѾռ֮סû뵽Ȼ֮߳Ŀʥôδ
ǰӺ˳˵ͷ漴ͻȻЦСҲǾǿ֮ǰȽѹƣһΪû뵽ԼͽˡȻˣҾ͸Щɣ֮ȱ˿ڣҾ͸Щȥ
ǺǣҲЩɣôҲĲ£ǺĽȻҪսЦŵͷ

֮ǣ㳡Ѿɽ˺ʱ˳һһһѵĴ͡
ʱ㳡ѾˣֱǰδŻƹܴĽ庮æֹ֣ͨ㳡ڽ֮ǵˡ
ʦ㣬డ׷ʲôˣΪʲôôͻȻӿ֮ǣǻģ򷿲׼þӵġѩɻؿԱߵĽ庮
Ľ庮ЦҶʦֻԨǳȽ飬ӰܴкܶҪ֮ǽá
˵û
˿̣֮ǵĳҶǳڽӼһĴ
ʵ̫ˣǸĳǳأһǲ
Щǳе֮
ҶǳڽӼЩûȤģЩ˶Ӵ˿ڹҪãȻÿԴ
ò״򷢵һˣҶǳûϢƬ̣Ϊ͹Цݵ˽
ͽϢЩ˿ڣ֮ǵ˿Ѿͻһˡ֮ǳˡΪЦ


1419 
ΪĻҶǳ¶ЦݣʱŬûа׷ѡ
һ˿ڣǲ̾˸Կɽˡ
⻹Ǹտʼ˵кܶǰףأٺ٣Ҫ˶ã֮ǾܳΪԨĶǳˡԱߵĹҲЦ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵ЩصǸùϵǲҪ㣬ҪЩ֮С
İɣЩҴЦǰǲ̵Ľƿ˲£ں򽻵óˡ
ҶǳԴΪȻ
ڴʱ
С˽һ˷ܵضҶǳ˵Ҷ磬ʮ߻ˣǻǧ˿ڡ

Ҷǳ˼ʯ
ǧ˿ڣ̫ˡ
ҲѹСô˷ܡ
ҶǳܿͷӦæС˵ȥǽˣʮ߻Ĵ˭
ٺ٣˵˻Ҷʶģһ֮ǵĳ֮λСЦ
ҶǳȻ򣬵Ӻ˳λѾͶʮ߻ӣȻû
Ҷǳæߴٵ
վ˵ҲȥɣϾʮ߻ӵĴһǻܵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ùС뿪֮
ҶǳΪɫ
δôصλʮ߻ҪշҰҶǳЦ
Ϊɫص˵ͷȻˣʮ߻Ӻ;ŻףΪ֮ǲӦòͽȥ
Ҷǳ΢΢һ̣Ȼͽȥңܳκˡ
Ŀǻ磬˭ʸ
գҶǳЦλŻҲ˹
ǵҪ𣿡ΪҲҶǳ˼ʵ
ҶǳЦȻҪ£ǸͣҾ͸ա֮飬ٺ٣Լȥɣ֮ǲ͡
ͲµǣΪЦ
Ҷǳ˵ģκβңϾҺϾҪؾˣڻؾ棬ǻҪȥֵ鹥ʱǲңֻѡҽáԺ󡭡
Ҷǳ¶֮ɫ
Ƚؾһҵ񼶵Ĳϣ硣ʱټҵսʥˣҶ֮һսֺξǣ
Ҷǳĺ׳ΪҲڴ
ڻǴҶǳôǿôȵҶǳ̤磬ĿԿʥˡ
ֻҪһʥ˼ǿǲҲܽʥأΪ½Ķɡ
ʦͽ̸֮ʣѾŻˡ
ҶǳǰӭӣЦ֣þò
ҲҶǳӣӿһĨп֮ɫʿյĿ仰̵ᣬŶãҶ־Ѿ׳Խң˾塣
ľҶǳ˵߳ռ֮Ǻε츳
ң㱻ռ֮УҶǳ֮߳ﵽԪ˧ļ
ʣʵ˭壿
ǺǣֹˣҶǳһЦæк¡
Ϊ䡢С漴˳ȥ̸ڻûʸ롣
οδǧ˿ڣôӴ˿ڣһҪ֮ǳסȻҪȥ֮ǾҪˡ
ĴУҶǳһоؿлδô˿ڣʵѩ̿һҪҶлʮ߻ӵ¡
ֵҶֲؿʮ߻ӷǳҶ֣ʱңԺҪ֮ǣҶԺʲôԸ˵
Ҷǳ۾ЦŵͷҶĳͲˣлʮ߻ӵչ֮ǡ
ô˵ǰʮ߻Ӻ֮ϵǺԼĲϵ
Ͼ֮ϻʮ߻ӹ֮ǣҲֻǹѣҶǳûжٹϵ
ҲҶǳ֮⣬ϵЦһЩǿЦҶ֣ʱҶҲæҾͲˣԺʲô飬Ҷ־˵ҿ
лֹգҶǳ˵ͷ漴ͻ뿪
뿪֮һ۳ķҡͷϧˣĸԸ⳼ʮ߻ӡҲȻܹռ֮ôԸ⳼ˡˣܹˣʮ߻±ǿ׳Ҳȱһ
ܿ뿪֮ˣûҪ˵Ҷǳ磬һʲôǲٸıġ


1420 ׼
ʶȤ
Ҷǳܿյ뿪Ϣɵ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ˵µʮ߻ӣܹȻá
ӣҶǳӴǰصˡ
оŻӡӺ˳սֵĴӴ˿ڡ
ʱ֮ǵ˿ѾͻˣڴǳصУҲˣǵˡ


ҶǳΪ˾ۼ飬˿ڵӣ϶Цݡ
û뵽ô̵ʱ䣬ǾͰ֮ǴһǷչˡΪЦ˵
̾⻹Ƕ˳Ƚ飬ǿΪǳʵǿЧ
Ϊ˵ͷ漴ҶǳʵͽȻ֮ѾչˣǲǸ׼ˡ
ǰ䲻ɵÿҶǳΪڲ̴£ڲ̵ĸ飬ȻҶǳ̡
ʱ˶Щ
ܹڻ½̣Ǿһĵ飬ǳԽ˲̵Ĵʼ˲Ա¼ڲ̵ʷϣһǵһλ
ҶǳȻ֪ǵ뷨ʵҲ㽨̣Ц˵Ҫʼֽˣʵ̩ѾѲ̵Ľַѡˣʱ䣬Ҳ˰ѵǾסӶˡ
żĹΪҶǳ˵ǽ³̣½ʹ粻ͬǰ³ֱ̲ãҪı䡣
æ˵׼Ҿû½ĵӵȼҪǰֺܶ࣬ŵӡŵӺ洫ɡȻԺʵʥˣǲ̾ʥأȻüϡʥӡһ𡣡
ҶǳԳŵӶӦŵӶӦС洫ӶӦСǳϣǴϣֵȷ
ҶǳϿԼĹ滮˵˳֮⣬Ҿûһ䣬Ҫ֪ǲ̳֮⣬һûСɢͶֱܲ˼ҵϰɣɢ޳϶ˣǲ̵ĴȨҪ䣿
ո˵꣬һԵΪϺʹλ÷ǳҪǲ̵Ĺ㣬ǲǿߣܽˡ
ҶǳҲ˵ͷЩʹģռݳϺʹϵλãЩ˶ˣʱ˭ģ
ȻڵʱʵѹסЩˡǰ˻أ
Щվһ
Щ䣬Ǿûϵˡ
ְҵҶǳս½ʱ͵ʱսҡҡΪġ
Ϊ䣬ܵɴͱȴûʵȨ
ҪģѴʱְҿɵһͨý
Ȼĺʲô֤ͬҲûɵʵȨвɡ
Щɢޣڲ˵õѡ
ȻЩҰ֮ȻĵһûʵȨĿ䣬ҶǳҲҪЩˡ
Ǹһ䣡
Ҷǳµ˵ͷϿ顣
̲ܿһ֧ţһЩǿߣëǶûгǾҪЩͶɢˡ
뵽ҶǳɵһһֱϷչس磬Ҳ֪ɹûУڶûϢ
ϧڲȥϷȻϷʥŶŹҵġ
Ҷǳüͷ
ڹսɱ˲ϷǿߣȻЩʵˣɱǿʥŵ
ڲʥŵѾ޲ɱˡ
ðŸ˹ȥ̽̽Ϣëȥɣ飬ҵЩ˶ʶ
Ҷǳ뵽ϾϵڱչصëȥһϷ
Ҷǳڳ˼ĹΪûдš
һҶǳëˣŶԹΪ˵֮˿ڶ࣬ʦҪæҲˣô̵ͽϽ
ҶǳͣƬ̣˵֮⣬׼뿪½ǰħƴ½һˣǲ̵һЩӢ½
ʲô
ΪԶʱһ֮ɫ
뿪½
һ
Ϊæ˵ͽֻڻ½תתʵСħƴ½֪ںηҪԶǿգһΣգʧǿ֮ô죿
ǰ黹ٿ°ɡҲȰ˵ҶǳǵĹǣȻϣҶǳ顣
ǺǣǷģҶǳһģ˰֣ŵҿǽռ֮Բ磬ʱԾǨǾԲǿ֮ʧ
Ϊ͹仹ʵ̫ˣ۽ﲻǺӺ˳սǣͲˡ


1421 
ҶǳʱԾǨĸΪŷͬʱҲЩп֪䣬ҶǳѾɳ޷ĵز
ܶǴ˫ʵȴ֮Ĳࡣ
һУҶǳ֮תתһ̤ǿա
ǳΧ貵ǿҶǳеǰһ̲ס·ȥֻ½ԽԽС
Ҷǳֱúеϵѹһᡣ
뿪½ˣ
Ҷǳһ
ÿ嶼ԽǿԽӴ½Ӵ壬͸ˡ
ûеʵ»ᱻӴѹ
ֻдﵽ磬ʵӴӶǿա
ʱû˻½ǣƣҶǳоޱȵɣǷٶȣʱԾǨܹԽľ붼ǳԶ
ΪҪķѺܾòִܵħƴ½ڿӦò˼ꡣҶǳʱЦˡ
ʱԾǨֳ˲ܿԽľǳ󣬶û˻½ľ޴ѹƣҶǳڵʱԾǨڻ½ǿ˼ٱ
ǲ
Ҷǳ򿪿ռѷ죬ʱԾǨ
ſռѷʧҶǳҲʧˡ
Ϊħƴ½˻ҶǳܹӦħƴ½ڵķֱӳȫǰ
Ȼָ·ǳΣգϾǿӴһЩΣյĵطȽȥΣգҲҴ⡣
ͱҶǳڣ˼ʱԾǨͻȻӿռѷ֮г㷢ӭһ;޴ǳֱӳײ
䣡
һը
ҶǳûбײɣǶǿǳײˡ
ȻΪҶǳǿЩĻƾͻᱻֱײˡ
ǳûе飬Ȼʹˡ
ҶǳһɨͷֱײǳûϢɵ˿
ޱߣӵеǳͬߵɰһö࣬дûǳ
ǲ
ҶǳʱԾǨ
ʱţҶǳġΣաҲԽԽࡣ
ȼմ̫ǿ֮бըֲܣɱһС
ǿĿƼ۹ǿ֮нսӴĽӣ֮Уǳ𺳡
µǣǵĳڣܴﵽȴȫһһ֮£Իٵһ̫ϵ
ҶǳγƼ۹սģֱǸŻˡ
ϾǸûȻ˿Կܹסǵĳڡ

ǿպ嫣Ÿ·ҶǳԽԽࡣ
ֻЩΣա
µ
Ҳѹֳ˻ǿչ·֮⣬½̫ԶҪϵ½ǼǾһ
ò̵Ĵʼ˲˵뿪½񣬶ûеִ½
˵Ѿڻ½ˣҶǳˣҲûҵ
ǲ
ʮתۼţҶǳһδӿռѷ֮гһƬޱߵĺڰ֡
ţ
ҶǳЩȣûлңϾô̫ˡ
ųҶǳ̽ԼƬڰ
ƬڰһеУΧһУ߶޷ɡ
ֿµѾﵽ˴ĳ̶ȡ
ǺڶҹСȻһϵҶǳ֮̽󣬶ʱԼʲô
Щ𾪣ôĸ·ҲκڶûǰôӴ
ǴСһ㣬ҪɡҶǳǿֲ֮֮ɫ
һϵĺڶǵһμ
Ҫ֪һǳһ磬һ̫ϵ֮ǳһϵ̫֮ϵͿԿóǰڶжôӴ
и̾һ֮Ҷǳ㷢壬ǿڶɣǿг˳ȥ
ݣ
Ϊٶ̫죬Ҷǳĳȥ嶼貵⣬Ƭǿա
Զһλ·ĵһĻһɨ֮£ʱĿɿڴԲۣǿǺϵĺڶǴҿȻ˴˳
λ֪ԼһλǿˣϽͷ뿪Ͼ˭֪λǿƻǶһԼأ
ҶǳҲ˴ˣû⣬ȻǿΣգǸ·ǰ½Ļв١
Ͼֻǰ½ЩܼΪ
ûԸⱻԶڵ硣
ǲ
ʩչʱԾǨҶǳĿԽԽ
ʮ֮ҶǳһƬӴĺϵܵԼõĻϢ
ħƴ½½ţս½
ҶǳһɨʱƬϵָƣܵмϤǳϲɵ¶Цݡ


1422 ˷
ǿհ꣬ҶǳڸϵĿĵء
һ˲ƣս½Աߡ
һСǳһһŴǳǣЩ⣬Ͼһ̫ϵһǳѾܲˣ̫ϵȴĿǳ
Ҷǳ½ħƴ½βΧźתս½½ǣΧ½ת
һ޴½ЩԶ̫ϵĵʮǳ
ȥս½
Ҷǳ۲̫ϵƬ̣ȫϢս½ȥ
Դӵǰ½֮Ѿܾûлصս½ˡ
ôȥˣҶǳõЩ˶ˡ
¡¡
Ҷǳս½ܿȻǸܵǿ
սǾҪѹƣ޷ս½
ҶǳʵѾѹƵˡ
Ŀȫǰ
Ҷǳս½֮ипѡ
ôȥս½ĵò˺ܴı仯ҲϤǸս½
ΨһϤĵط¾ѧԺս½Ҳǿ
иսңмսѾˣҶǳҶңкɴڡ
ǰ۹ߴ۹
ף
ȻҶǳЩ۹Ĺ㳡ϣһ޴ε
ݣȻʮơ
ѧԺŪġҶǳɵҡҡͷ
ΪѧԺĿߣҽѧԺǰδеĸ߶ȣѧԺΪҲġ
ݣ
Ҷǳɨһս½֮󣬱ֱǰѧԺܲڵ磬ҲǵĻ硣
ΪȫϢû˷Ĵڡ
ϾҶǳĿռ֮ռ֮УôЩ˿Էֵġ
ѧԺ֮һλսҲֲͬҶǳ
Ҷǳ̤ŲƮƵ߽ѧԺһ·೯ѧԱЩ˵϶Žš
ϾôѧԺʼͳս½Ȼ˽Ը
߹ѧԺɽҶǳһϤԺ䡣
ǵˣҶǳվԺǰɵ
Ͱĵطһжԭӣû˿ı䡣
ң汻ɨĸɸɾȻʱ˹ɨ
ôȥܱӣɼÿѧԺԺǳ𾴡
Ҳգ͸ѧԺһưɣ
Ҷǳ߽Ժóһ󷨣⻪˸֮䣬Щһռڵ㡣
̶Ƭ֮䣬һ󷨱γˡ
Ȼܹ֮ô첼һ󷨣ҲΪ̫ͼˣܹӳС
ڵҶǳ˵һ󷨣ȻǷǳɡ
󷨹һ壬ǹǷС󷨣ѧԺս½޵ˡ
Ҷǳõõ󷨣̺㹻ǧꡣ
뿪ѧԺҶǳһȺľۼء
ǻȺͬʱҲѧԺػʥޡ
ΪȺǵȣѧԺĴʼҶǳҶǳ
Ҷǳ￴СĹأԺиֳͷϤǣЩ̾Ϣ
Ǳ͵ͼ̫СȻڵǾıΣǴﵽսѾǼˣ̤ս񾳽硣
ս񣬾Ӳһ֡
һСҶǳ뿪ѧԺ
׼뿪ս½ˣѾûˣ뿪֮ǰҶǳռֱͨͨ½ħƴ½
ңҶǳʯֱ½ħƴ½
Ҷǳ뿪ս½֮ռͨϢ㱻ѧԺԺӦˡ
ৣ
һƿնռͨǰ
ô£ôпռͨΪѧԺԺս½սս½Ȼָƣ֪ǰûпռͨġ
£ɨռͨԱߵʯʱһ
ص½ѧԺĹϵ伮֮пѧԺĴʼҶǳкҶǳͬһʱţҲǰ½˺ܶഫ˵
Ҷǳ
ʯʱλѧԺԺʱš
Ҷǳ̫ϤˣΪս½һ˵ѧԺһ˵
ڣս½۹Ĺ㳡ϣҶǳĵ񣬹Ĥݡ
˿ЦϾҲ޷ռͨ϶λǰˣϧԵһ
ѧԺԺһ̾
ܿ͸ռͨͲõδĵ·ˡ
ʵôս½ս񣬶ֵͨͨǰħƴ½
ֻռͨûעͣ˭Ҳ֪ͨЩеս񣬶ûл
ԣܶ˽ȥ֮ʱǳʵûѡ񣬲ܲȥġ
ҶǳµռͨԺս½ս񣬾Ҳõˡ


1423 ȥ
Ҷǳս½ѧԺԺȥһ޴ĺ䶯
ϾҶǳѾܶǰڵս½˵ʵ̫ˡ
һڴ˵еȻٴγ֣ʵ𺳡
Ҷǳ˵ѾҪˡ
ս½ֻԹȥһţԺĿǻ硣

ħƴ½ս½ǿ󣬵ɵסҶǳ
ħƴ½֮Ҷǳһɨ֮£ʱӦϤϢ¶Цݡ
λʵ׼Щǰ½ġ
Ͼֻȥ˻½Щ˾ʲУҲ̤磬Ǹߵľ磬Ӷ
ҶǳȻɱϣǶѡˣǷǳںġ
ৣ
Ҷǳһ̤˲ͳڵһ⡣
һҶǳûԼϢʱ;˵һڵǿߣһǿ̽Ӷ
һҶǳĲˣǵһ֮顪ϡ
ϵ¶ǰϤӰʱˣ
ʵ̫ˣȻҶǳѾĿȨ룬УҶǳˡ
ϣþò
ҶǳЦؿǰİϣҲǳп
˵һ崫еӣһת۱Ǽ꣬ʱҴң鰡
Ҷ֣
Ҷ

ڴʱһӰӵһڳǶɢǿϢʮһսʮսҲе
ҶǳĿһɨʱϳˣ֮⣬иԪ硢Сɡ
ҶǳǣȻһЩս½ˣѧԺĵڶԺ޸Ů
Ҷǳǰ½Ҳ̽޸ŮûеõϢû뵽޸ŮھȻˡ
ңڵһУΨһ޸Ů
޸Ůǰ̤ŽʲȾѷɫܹ̤磬Ҷǳú
ȻҲܹ̤磬Խʵǳȡ
𣡡
С˴ų򣬳ҶǳԵú˷ܡ
ǺǣСɣþòҶǳЦͷСʮʵﵽʮһս񾳽硣
Ҷ֣һ߾Ǽ꣬û뵽㻹ܻˣȥǿչ·ˣ𣿡˹ɫҲǳ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ΢Цȥ˻½ڱչλ׼Ƕȥ½
Ҿ֪СӳġЦŷ˷ܵô˵СѾڻ½޵ʲôʱҪȥ½ˣٺ٣϶кܶĹ
Ҷǳһۣҡͷ㵱½ʲôطŹ˶ꣿôܻ޵Сڵʵֻ˵ǿڻ½㣬ǿĻ֪ж١
ûϵҹȥڼĹû޵ˡں˵
Ҷǳ̸Ԫ޸Ů˴к
һЦ˵վˣϽȥ˵ɡ
ʱΧĵԽԽࡣ
Щ̵ĵҲϳҶǳ
ϾڲǵĹ㳡ϣҶǳĵ񣬶ÿ벹̵ĵӣҪȥҶǳĻû˻᲻ʶҶǳ
ûпôʦȫˣ
㿴ػԱߵˣǲǺ죿ǵʦүҶǳǵĹ㳡Ͼĵ񡣡
û뵽ʦүˣ˵뿪ħƴ½ȥǿչ·ھȻˡ
ǵһ˴ǿչ·֮󣬻ܻġ

Ϣħƴ½䶯ˡ
һħƴ½ĳǿߣọ̈̄ϣԼҶǳ
עһˣΪҶǳûж뿪ˡ
Ȼ뿪֮ǰҶǳҲΪƣȻĻûЩ֣̻ͳħƴ½
Ҷǳ˼սܣЩսڻ½ܱˣΪǵʵֻд۷ΣȻ
ǣЩսܵʵħƴ½۷ˣػ̡
Ҷǳ´ͨ½ħƴ½Ŀռͨͨ
ϾѾˣ½Ҳָƽ
ֻҶǳͬ½֮»𣬷ֹ
һУҶǳʹ̤ǿգ½
ǵǻ½ҪԴԼӿٶȡ
ҶǳԼĵ磬˽ȥóһЩ
½Ҫһٶ꣬ϣǿЩ硣
ҶǳЦ˵
ЩУ޸Ů⣬ʶһЩȻҲᱻս񾳽缸ˡ
ЩͻƵûˡ
ʵϣڻ½Ⱦ綼⣬ֻһҪԼͻơ
ëھͱؿ


1424 
´ҴҶҶǳһѾִ֮ǡ
򿪵磬롢˷׷״˳һź棬һЩһ̤˻½
ǻ½ԲۣôѹôҾȻ޷ˡ
߳ͻȻоһûѹѹſ¡
Ҷǳĵ֮õ˵磬ԺܿͷӦסΡ
ҶǳЦſһĻ͵½ޱߣĿռѹǰδеľ޴󣬲ǶѾ̤˵磬ȫԿסҪӦʱ䡣
ţҶǳ޸ŮѾõ˴磬ԲûӦ
òħƴ½۷壬Ҫ¿ʼЦ
ֵɲòװҶǰˣħƴ½棬ͳˡ
Ǿ֪ɣǽ⿿ǵı£³޹⣬˸˻½ԪЦ˵
ҶǳʵҶ֣֪ǺҲڴ˵𣿡
ҲҶǳ
ǺǣǷģѾ֪ͨˣ½ͱˣӦҪ˶ñҶǳЦ˵
˵Ц֮䣬ëһѾӵϢϹˣȻһ֡
ʱ䣬еıչؼеѡ֮ǹ䣬½


ҶǳΪŽ̵ˡ
һѾ׼̵ʩˣֻŴͽˡ
Ҷǳھͽ顣
ǳǿ֮УӦÿԼЩĻϲļϸ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵һҲ뵽ˣΪ˱ϸǲ̣ʱһ᲼һ󷨣ЩʦѧյˡҵΪǺܸߣֻܿЩµߣﵽ磬Ҿû취ˡ
ͽǾֻսߡЦ
ΪЦԼֻ磬һĵӣô̵ǣʱӶﵽЩϵͷˡԣһЩս͵Ϊ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦǲȱʱ䣬չЩսһЩ
һ鷳յĵӼȻսΣǳ֮ǵıˣҲ͸һЩǳؿգԶһЩˣҪʦû㹻ĵ󡣡
ΪͷЩս͵ǳ㹻û
ҶǳЦð죬ǿԿͨ籨Ȼ츳ҪֻҪͨҪģǾ˹ȥǡ
ҲֻˣȻ鷳һ㣬ȴܹյõĵӡ˵ͷ
Ҷǳվ˵ǾͿʼɣ׼䣬ȥ뺯ʱ䶨ڰ֮󡣡
ΪӦ

Ҷǳȥ̽Ϣܿ͵¼˻硣
ӴĻ֮УĲ̽һҲûн˻Ϊڻ½µĽɺͱĽʵ̫ˣʤ
Ҳ˵ûнһ˻ֻ˵˹עıȽ٣ΨһעȺǱҶǳָġ
ϾھѡʱҶǳˡڹսҶǳָǽ˸߲ߡ
ȻĻȽ飬λȽǺպǿߣҶǳȻٴ쳹½
ˣҶǳĲ̵һЩˣûжԸ벹̡
Ϊ˿ҶǳҲֻһڲ̵ǼǵĳϣһûУôŷ
ֻһЩʵµսΪѰһ֮Żѡ̡
ԣȻڻ湫˱ϢǱǳ٣ֻмˡ
⼸֮У츳ģһûС
ҶǳԴ˲żڳﱸŴ䣬һʱս֡Ӻ˳ǿμӵϢȥ½Ҫ䶯
ʱȻῴҶǳôѡǲ̵ҲԽԽࡣ
ʱڲ֪ȻţڽӵҶǳ뺯һλλҶǳõǿߣ׷׿ʼ׼֮ǡ

䣡
һǿϢȻڳڴ
ëſЦ𣺡ү֮ţ̤硣
磬֣ƨƨߵظ
ҶǳҲ׷׸ëʱ̤磬ʵܣϾǲ̵ĵһ


1425 Ŵ
ë֮ɫҶǳɵôЦҶСӣүǺϣˣҿ֮λøˡ
ðɣʱдǿսǲ̣ȥ򣬵սˣٽν֮λҶǳЦе
УЦѣүŲʲôүǵִˣԺ˭ұǲ̣үǺڡëԸϽĿڡ
˶ʱһӡ
ʲôǼϽȥչСıүһ١ë۵
ȻھϣѾҶǳʵϣҶǳһָȲϡ
Ҷǳǿֲֻһָѹ
ãǲһˣֻҪҲ˳ˣ˾ͲΪָǡЦݵظ˹
ΪҲ˵ͷ˵ʵҶǳΪʵ̫ˣжǿľһ
һûһ˵ȥ
Ҷ׼һ£ǲʽҲյˡ磬ʱ㸺ӭ͡
һ֮Ҷǳ˵
֮ǰͷ˭ӭͣϾ֮кܶǿߣֻǴȥӭӣδС˲̡
Ҳʺȥӭӡ
ںˣëСܶ鶼Ҷǳˡ

ʱ󣬾벹̵ĿŴԽԽٽһЩҲϵ֮ǡ
ڻ棬̵ĿŴһʼûע⣬ֱսֺͺӺ˳˵ĵһ䶯
ϾһǴԪ˧һԪ˧˭˹עĽ㡣
ңڻսǵ֮λԪ˧١λԪ˧һ룬ôܲ𺳡
ʱ̵ĿŴѾλԪ˧٣ȵˡ
һλλԪ˧Ŀɿڴ
ҵ졭λԪ˧ʮλԪ˧ͳ졢ͳ죬ⲹ̵Ҳֲ̫˰ɡ
ƣҲʥ˿ˡ
˵Ҷǳû뵽Ȼôֲ
̣Ժֶһˡ
⿴Щ֪̺˵ѾͨϱҲȥԿ

һλλĵ̵ĿŴҲΪܹע顣
еĿͶ֮ǡ
࿴ֵˣǴ˷
̶̼ʮ֮꣬ǵ˿ھʹӵڡȻ˿ڲǳפ˿ڣųԺ
֮⣬ǲ̵ͽԽԽˡ
˿ڳһ˷ܵظҶǳ˵ģֹ죬ǻϵıѾﵽʮڣ֮ǱҲǧ򡣡
ãôˣǲ̵ĸѳɡΪ
Ҷǳ侲Ȼ˶ˣǾϸ𣬾һЩ츳õĵӡ
ԣھڶ࣬ǲ̵ԴޣȻҪ츳ĵϡҲ˵ͷ

֮ڵ̵ĿŴھС
ڲ̵ڣҶǳҲһλλͣȻԽӼģٶǴ۷Ρ
ǳȵȡ
λԪ˧ҶǳӴص㡣
ҶСӣϲˣԺýҶˡսЦ˵
ҶǳյԪ˧Ҫɷˣǰҿɲҳƽ
ʲôҵģڵʵûĸԪ˧㲻ӣսְ˰֣˵
ΧļλԪ˧ͼʮλԪ˧Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ǰҶǳʵˣҶǳʵԪ˧ټǿֲ鹥ûֵĻڳûҶǳĶ֡
ҶϲˡһλԪ˧Ҷǳ
Ҷǳϳ˴ˣǺйһ֮Ե˾嫺Ԫ˧սսҶǳԴЩӡ
ʣλԪ˧ҲףأҶǳȻʶЦӭ
Ŵһ죬ҶǳЦһ콩Ӳˡ
ֱŴҶǳ˿
ú׼£ѾϢǧ֮ڣӦþҪǰؾˡսʱҶǳ˵
Ҷǳһݣ˵ͷ
Ҫؾˡ
ܲܵõ񼶲ϣܲܽ磬Ϳλؾ֮ˡ
еõ񼶲ϣҶǳʵڲ֪ν硣
ܲȥ̰ɣǼֱȥ
æ˲̵ĿŴ䣬Ҷǳͳ˦ƹ鶼䡢Ϊˣչ׼Ļؾ֮С


1426 
֮ǡ
̵ĿŴ֮֮ǵ˿ڻʣڣϳΪһǳء
ҲæΪһεĿŴ벹̵ĵԽԽ࣬ҪָˣѡЩš
Ĳ̣Ѹ׳š


ҶǳѾأڸƵͨ
Ҷ֣ǳǸҲǰ֮ȥףǡӰ֣ϴһЩǸ⡣
˵̵ĿŴҪġ
ǣΪѾɵҹĻԸҲ˰ɱ
Ͼ鹥ܹɱˣڼĻؾ֮Уøеǳɵ
ԴˣҲΣ鹥ֻзĹһжҶǳıġ
С¶ѣ𲻱⡣ҶǳԴЦһ漴˰ֵ˵Ľ㣬ڱȫ
˵ȥһˣħƴ½ս½𣿡΢΢һЦ漴ʵ
β̵ĿŴ䣬ȻܹףأǱս񣬻ͽһȴǹˡ
Ǻǣõúܣֻǲ׺ɣ˷ǣ
Ҷǳ̾˿漴תƻʵʦйʥɷ֪ؾܹŪһŻؾĵͼ
ҶǳؾʱһҶǳϵ̸ؾ֮еģϾһʱǾҪˡ
ͼͱˣԿЦѾѯʹʦˣ˵ͨؾԿױƿأܻñĽȥ
˵ңΪ˳ƿػؾؾˣҪǰԻģ͸¶ؾڵһϢˣ⣬˭֪ؾ
Ҷǳ겻ɵüͷԻؾƵôϸЩҲԸ⣿
Ըⲻа˭ĻŽؾԿأҪиĻҲܽȥ²òͷ˵
Ҷǳֻܵȳʱ֪ܵˣҹڻؾ޷ʹûϵģǽȥ֮һҪ취Ȼϡ
˵ͷ漴ͨѶ䣬ǾԼһϵĵط
ʲôطʲô֪ҶǳȻ
΢΢Цʲô϶ļط˵ߵɽ壬ĺΣյĵطصĵطȵȡ
Ҷǳǰ׳գĻطмͬ㣬Ǿ֮
ΪȻǡ֮ǿ϶Ƕһ޶ֻҪǽȥ֮󣬱Ȼ֪ط
뵽Ҷǳ˵ͷ޵Լãǽȥ֮󣬾ͿؾʲôĵطʱյƵɸߵͣ̽
ã˵ͷ
漴˽ͨ
ʧӰҶǳ˼Ƭ̣漴Ϊ͹䣬ǹ֮ǺͲ̣㶯۶ˡ

Ҷ֣𣿡սʥںԪ䷢Ϣ
Ҷǳһ߳һ߻Ӧˡ
Ǻã۶ϡԪͷ
ʥֻһȥԾԪˡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ۶
ؾϣҪʧҶǳһٴ̤һʧѤĹâ֮С
ܲܽ磬Ϳλؾ֮ˡ
ͨһδδͣҶǳܿ͵ִ˵۶
̧ͷΡĻʹҶǳûǰôˣϾҲǻ½۷Ĵ
ʥ˲ǿ֮һ
ţ
ȻҶǳӦϢһģɵһ
һչôˣڳѵ̤磿
Ҷǳиˣ¼硣
ʱϢ㴫ˡ
ҶСӣ
Ϲˣ£ˣԲۣҪײ桭
Ϣܼ̣ܿ죬ҶǳʧȥϢ
⡭
Ҷǳ̵Ϣʱɫ䡣
˵Ϲ϶Ǹľʥ˯δ֪ʥˣֻҶǳû뵽Ȼˡ
ΪʲôҪײ棿
侲侲δػΣգ
Ҷǳ
Զ۶˵޷ϷһλʵɲʥˣȥҲȲ
ԶԷʵҪɱһָˣֺαؽʥ棿
ԣҶǳжʱûΣա
գˡ
ҶǳпЦһλʥˣʵûֶȥ
οϾҪȥؾˡ
ֻϣǸǻˡ


1427 
ʱ飬Ҷǳ׼ǰʹ㴫һϤ
Ҷ֣þò
ŴâɢսʥʥӺԪӴЦݵӭҶǳ
սʥڸ֮ѣҶǳҲӭȥЦ֣ãһͬȥʹ
ţԪЦŵ˵ͷ
漴һ·˵Цǰʹ
յʹſڣսִԪ˧ӭЦ˵û뵽һˣãھȱˣϽ߰ɡ
ҶǳȥʵԪ˧˶𣿶Щˣ
˭
սɹȻЦʮʥأÿʥһؾȫʥصʥˡ֮⣬λԪ˧ټϾŻӡʮ߻ӣԼСӣһʮˡ
ҶǳԲէࣺȻôǿߣλؾ֮зǳˡ
ɲÿλؾ˽ȥԱߵĺԪЦ˵
սֿҶǳһۣѵСӣؾǳΣգ㣬Ȼ鹥ǿʵϾѷһһҪСĽ
ҶǳһɵʵԪ˧֪ؾ
֪սҡҡͷ漴Ȼ֪Ҵˣÿλؾ֮Уȥˣȴֻаˣһʧɴ˿ɼжôΣա
ҶǳԵһһʧǴȥʮˣжʮ档
Ҫ֪ܹؾˣҲԪ˧𣬶дǴԪ˧
Щվڻ½۷ǿ߽ȥȻҲʧء
ҶǳʱɫȻ鹥ƣҲСЩԪ˧ǿߡ
ϾЩԪ˧ǿߣ㵲ס鹥Ҳߡ
ĴԪ˧ǿ߶棬ôҲûʲôҵ
ȻΣգҲܴ󣡡
ųĬҶǳһԵĺԪտտ˵Ǵӻؾˣһܹʥԣ֪Σգ˲ϧһдҪС

սֵ˵ͷЦ˵ұʿܳʥǻҪʲô
֮¶һɾĺ
Ҷǳᶨ˵Ҫõ񼶲ϣ̤磬Ҳֻȥؾ
˶һƸ۵
ʵϣ磬ȷ
ʥǵ׷
½һ仰ʥΪϡ
˼˵ǿʥҲֻ·һ
ǻս֡ԪĴԪ˧ǿߣҶǳ鹥شԪ˧ţɵֵסʥ˵һָͷ
ΪˣǲƴҪʥ

֮䣬Ѿʹڵһ档
̻Իͣǳڷһųӡ
ʱһǿΧӶһɢǿϢÿһԶ۷塣
Ҷǳϳ˼ϤӰλԪ˧ټԵĻս֣ߴԪ˧
ôʣµˣӦþʮʥصʥˡ
֣
֣

Ҷǳǽʱ򣬴ڵҲǣһ˫˫Ŀǿѹһ˸ܲˡ
Ҷǳ˶۷ǿߣҲ⡣
սֺͺԪϾʸǿߣԶʶЩˡ
ҶǳֻʶλԪ˧ԾͺͼԪ˧кȻҸλ¡
Ҷ֣Ƚ˻ؾա
ҶǳλԱߣһλϤĴԪ˧˾嫺
Ҷǳ˾嫺Ĺϵϴβ̿Ŵ䣬˾嫺Թףˡ
˾ֿˣǴԪ˧ӦҪչ˲ǡҶǳЦ˵
˾嫺ҡͷҶǫˣҪ֪鹥ڹؼʱ̣ܹشá
˵˾嫺Ҷ֣Ҳװ׳֣ʲôΣգܹһΣҾһʥϣǷһ飬Σ
Ҷǳ۾һУ˾嫺ĻЩ𶯣ʥϼֵǧսֵơ
ȻҶǳĻ˾嫺飬Ҫ֪˴Ԫ˧һǷ飬ǱûǷµ޷ʥ
һԪ˧ǿߵ飬жô
˾嫺ʵ˾嫺ҶǳĶ
ãҲԹۡҶǳ˾嫺
ʩչ鹥ֲҪʩչл˾嫺ҲһΡ


1428 
Ҷ֡
Ҷ֣
˾嫺֮мλԪ˧ҶǳĿĶ˾嫺һ
ҶǳҲһһӦ£˵ֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
ЩԪ˧ȻôͽңӻؾĺΣգǲòһ׼
ҶǳһӦŴĴԪ˧ǣһ߰뵽
Ȼλؾ֮зǳΣգҪȻЩԪ˧ҲḶô£ˡ
ս֡ԪˣΪҶǳϵãѾˣȽؾ֮ж
һΣգɻսֺͺԪ䶥ǰ棬Ҷǳں渺鹥֧ԮԶ̹
ȻҲǹϵã˴ΣŻϡ
಻εĻ˭ϣ˭֪᲻ڱͱһ
˼֮䣬һŲ
ڣԭ۷׷׵ˣʱ
˶Լͬؿ˵ſڡ
ֻߴӰһʹһǿƣնŤ
Ҷǳһݣ˵ʵɲ⣬ȴԪ˧ǿѵʥˣ
µӦòʥˣǾŻӺʮ߻ӣϴĺɫ۾ܿ
Żӣ
ʮ߻ӣ

Ȼ˷׷վ˹
ŻӺʮ߻Ŀɨˣ΢Цŵͷ
ҶǳеĿɨо˵ѹͷһݡ
ͬǴλӵʵȻѾԽ˴Ԫ˧𣬴ﵽ˽ӽʥ˵ĲΡ
Ԫ˧λӵʵﵽʲôزҶǳ̲סѯʻս֡
սֿҶǳһۣλѾԲѾںϳֻҪԸ⣬ʱܳʥǿѹƾ磬ûͻƳʥսѾԪ˧ܶ࣬˵ǰʥҲΪ֮
˻
ҶǳһӾȻôǿǶʱʥˣȥؾʲôѵҲΪ񼶲
ˣΣҲ񼶲϶ǻеôˡ
λȻˣǾͿʼİɣŻӵһˣĿɨˣȻ
ʮ߻Ҳ˵֮ǰӦöѾ֪һЩ˵һ飬ǽؾˣҪǰԻģ͸¶ؾڵһϢ
˷׷ӦһǶǰӳ֪ˣҶǳҲ֪ˡ
£һԻģλලû˸ˣ
һ´ģǴӻؾڳͲ͸¶йػؾϢͻܵķɡ
Ȼ֮ء
Ͼû˿Եֵķɣ񶼲С
ܹ񵶵ѻ
ܺã
Żӿ˶ģʱ¶Цݣ漴ʮ߻ӣЦ˵ʮߵܣλǽһ»ؾڵ
ʮ߻΢Цŵͷǹϵܺãѵܹʵϣڳ˶ǳλͬˮΪһ֮λ
λ
ʮ߻Ŀɨˣ˻֣һͼǰ
˶ɴ۾ͼΪ֪ǻؾĵͼϧǺܿʧˣΪͼ̫ˡ
ͼֻһλñעľԺɫעΣϵΣգƴͨΣգ̴ȫ
֮⣬˿ؾһ
Ȼ˻ؾڵϸ
ҲģϾҪûؾڵıȻ˹ϢҪ¢ı
ʮ߻ָŵͼΨһһλã˳ϹأܹؾĹ͡ԣÿνؾ֮ǶҪǶһؾңؾıȫС
Ե
Ҷǳ͸оܰԵ˭֪Ȼؾô϶Σաȥƴȴһôֱ̫Եˡ
û취˭Žؾķء
ʹӳ֪Զ˵ͷ
⴦ؾһħ𹬣кܶħʱŸ繥еı
ʮ߻ӿ˵ȴ½ǾжʱȥõʲôǶܡ
Ե˵ͷ
ʮ߻Ӽ˵⣬ڻؾ̽ʱǵü¼µͼǵʱǵͼϸǴս⣬ǲ֪ؾҲԸÿһδ֪ؾһǧս
ٴεͷÿ˵϶ޱ飬ȴѾѡ
ֻ̫ˡ


1429 ֮ӡ
ؾϸͼжҪ
һֻҪǰ׳գǳ
ֻһսҪȡƴƴ¼ϸͼȷܺڡ
Щ˼˵ͼҲܴȥ͸¶ͼҲûá
ǿһ㣬źǡ
оؾÿһؾ̺˾޴ĲƸкпܾ񼶲ϡ
һؾȡһǧսһǧսֻǼֵһʥ϶ѡ
ɴ˿ɼжôġ
²òͷ
Ҷǳи̾
ôԵôǿƣôģףΪ˽ؾķ
ˣҪؾֻܰƶĹء
˵ΪʲôҪЩʥؽؾΪʲôֱ¢Ͻؾ
ΪЩʥؼһӴҲôǲµЩʥأһЩʥȥأ
ʱʧȥЩʥصô
ˣ⣬ҲҪЩʥһȡ
ˣλؾЩҸ׼ؾʮ߻˵֮վˡ
һߣŻҲվһ뿪
úʹǰĹ㳡ϣѾһλ߱˫վڴ˵ء
Żɫ·һȼգĿǳ䣬ǿһ
Ȼûʲô¶ڳˣܵһǰδеľ޴ѹ
ʥˣ
һ
ʣһλʥˡ
ʥˣ
ʥˣ

Żӡʮ߻Ӵͷ׷
ĴԪ˧Ҳʶλʥˡ
ԭʥˣ
һλʥˣʵﵽʥ𡣡

ЩʥصʥǣҲһ𣬷׷׹
ҶǳҲ˵ʥ˵ľѡʥ˵׾μˣǸŰˣڻǵá
һһ
ʥ˿ˣĮ˵
ʥ֮£Ϊϡ
ڳ˾ŻӺʮ߻⣬ʥ˶û⣬ΣʥˣѾúǽˡ
β̫ˡ
ţʲô
Ҷǳһߵʥ˸ǰǿǣЩֱۣʥóһƣӡһӡǡ
ƺҶǳʣսЦ˵ǽؾʸֻдӡǣܽؾ
ȻЩӡƵģΪʲôֱӴƽȥҶǳʵ
սֿЦѵǻؾжΣƣһ棬ЩƾղˡƽȥǶˣֻҪЩƣͻнؾ
ҶǳʱȻЩƣܳϵؽؾһĸ
ǰʥÿһӡǣỻһƣÿһֻܴһ˽ؾ
ֵҶǳˡ
Ҷǳ֮ǰҲֱۣʥˡ
ǸҶǳСӰɣʥ˿Ҷǳ¶һĨźľȷﵽ˵ΣҶˣϧռ֮ȻһԳʥ
̾Ϣһ֮ʥóһƣҶǳֱӡһġ֡
ҶǳϸʥеƣҲһġ֡
Щ棬ʲôƣһЩɵĵơ
ǲ̵ĵƣС졯֡
츳λؾ֮У˵ҵʥĵ·
ʥ˹һҶǳ
ΧЩˣһĽ֮ɫҪ֪Ǹղſûִʥ仰ø˵
ɴ˿ɼҶǳĳǿ츳ʥҲϿɡ
Ҷǳռ֮»½ʥ˶ҪΪͽ
뵽Ҳƽˣ٣ǻгʥϣҶǳʥǾԶܳʥ
Ҷǳû⣬ֻǶֱϵġġϸۿΪӡǵУܵһϤϢ
ӡ
ȻҶǳһ
֪ϤϢʲôˡ
½õһĴкһһصʯͷ
һǰǣǿʯͷ˳ӡ
ǿʯͷϣһ֡
Ǹ¶Ϣġһģһ
ߣͬһԴ
ӴǿʯͷʱҿһЩ棬ƺǻһսᵽһɣԺѵƣǴԺӵƣ
Ҷǳ
Щ棬ԺʲôɣǵĵƣȻԽؾ
ˣ׼һ£ǰؾǰ˶ӡӡ֮ʥ˶˵˵


1430 
ʥ˵Ļ˶һݡ
ֻһ̣ʥִһͨʾ˽ȥ
ɾŻӺʮ߻Ӵͷ롣
һѣ֮ѾԶԶ뿪˻ʹԶһƬɫĹĻ֮ǰ
ǻؾıϣѾλڻ½ıԵˣӦ˵ıԵΪؾ档
ŻӶ˵
˶ضǰĲɫĻ
ıԵѵؾڻ磿Ҷǳ̲סʵ
ʮ߻ӿҶǳһۣЦ˵ؾڻ磬Щ⣬Ǳͨؾˡ
սɹȻЦʮ߻˵Цˣʵȥ磬ǲ𣿾ʥˣҲûʸλ硣
Ҷǳйâ磬ǻļڴ
Ӧö֪ǻ½ʮ߻ӻܣ˵һ޴½س棬ǻ½ǻ½һûн棬ǳ֮⣬һֱǻؾ
ʮ߻ӵĽͣ˻ؾ
ʮ߻Ӽ˵½Ѿ£еؾѾǵȱǸھɾˣǻؾΪʥ޷ȥһжδ״̬滹кܶؾ
һȡ
ؾΣգ⿿Ǻ̽ģԻؾ϶ؾûп
ЩؾɶǻǿģȻһЩżϾǻǿߣֻżҲı
ã˵ԵõǿĹǴС
ǻǿĲȱ
ЩǱ
򵥵ؽһ»ؾ֮ʮ߻ֱָ̧ۣеġġֶӡǻһǧ꣬һǧ֮ӡǾͻʧʱҲᱻؾֱ߳ԣڻؾֻһǧ꣬ʱҪúðס
˵˵ͷ
ˣɣŻӵ˵
֪ʮ߻ӽô࣬ΪЩǰˢøжȣȻˬ
ҶǳЩ˶ǴԪ˧Ԫ˧˵огʥˣһǱɡ
ŻȻϣЩͬʮ߻ӣǶЩ
߰ɣȥħ𹬣Ƚħ𹬣ǾͿжˡʮ߻ӵ˵ͷ
漴һؾڴԽɫĻʱֱϵġġַĽɫΣ˶Ȼʹ˽ȥ
ȻûЩӡǣ޷ؾġ
ˣǴ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ŻӵЦɫĻܳȻǹ룬ؾǺܴõĻҲпϣֻǵѣͲ֪ˡ
Ȼ˵ˣԼˣһʲô¶пܴ֡
ϾڻؾڵϢ͸¶ֻҪԾŻӺʮ߻ӣǶпܻɱ
Ҷǳ衣
ৣ
˲ɫĻһƬİĴء
˵أҶǳȾ͸о˲Ծѹǿ࣬ʵҲ⡣
߱ǵˣоٶȶڼӿ졣
ǻ磬ǶԻĸоٶҲӿ죬ϧֻһǧʱ䡣սЩź˵
мʱ䣬ֱںֱӳʥˡ
Ҷǳûлشϸ֮ķı仯壬ʱٶȶӿࡣ
Ϊǻ磬ΧĻ֮Щ֮ǿֱ۳֮ġ
Ҷǳת壬Щ֮Ӷۻ֮Ļ壬ǿ
һõط
Ҷǳʱ˺ͻսһĸп
ܹʱ棬ûʲôԵܿ޳ʥ
λ߰ɡ
Żǰ˵ġ
ʮ߻Ӳ·æں档
Ȼ֪ΪȥƴûѡҲҷ³ңڵʥء
ֻϣħؾôΣգǺȻ뷨ݳ޵ġ
ڻؾûһؾǰȫġ
ҶСӡ֡˾嫺֣ǵñҶСӡսִ
սָ˾嫺ϵڼ֮˱ڻؾˡ
Լȣʲô˭ĹʹСȡ
񼶲ϣȻȡ
ҶǳϵҲֻȸˡ
ʵ̫ˣҵĵͼ̫ˣ֪ʲôĵطβҵõ𣿡
Ҷǳаѡ


1431 ħ
ؾȻ½Ǻܴ󣬵ʵǺܴģҶǳǷ˺ܳʱ䣬ûпһ塣
ڰȫһжƽ˾
Ҷǳһ߸žŻӡʮ߻Ǹ·һ߲鿴Żؾĵͼ
ͼȻ㣬ٿǿһΣ
ͼϵĺɫǷǳΣյģƵҲǾ԰ȫֻɫǾ԰ȫ
Ҷǳһ㣬Ǿڵλãڻɫ򣬲ϾҪƵˡ
ǾħؾڵλãҲԽԽˡ
Ԫ˧ħ𹬵ºǸж£Ҷǳѯʵ
ĻҲ˾嫺ͺԪ䡣
֣ȻǰŪһͨѶģ˱˴ͨѶ벻̫Զ
ؾ棬޷ãֻּܿ򵥵ͨѶˡ
Ҳ֪ϾҲǵһؾһ飬ڻƵһ䣬ûʲôջĻȥɫðաս˵
˾嫺ͬҲֻˣϾûϸͼ̫ˡ
Ҿõ취ҵؾ飬ڻؾ˵֪һЩǿԴһЩϢԪ˵
Ҷǳͷ鲻ץһؾ飬Ҿ̽ļ䡣
ãô죡
һ£;֮ļƻ

žͼϱǵħԽԽҲÿ˵϶;裬Ϊ֪һս١
ܹվĶɵӣǾӢеľӢǷǳħһΣϴνؾ˷ֵģΪβȥħ𹬣
ԭֻһǾħ𹬷ǳΣգһεĶˡ
ȻôΣգôǹʱȻҲԴҶԵúܾ衣
λ
ƺ˶Ľգǰ·ľŻ˵ħ𹬵ϢǴ֪һЩ֪ÿһħ涼һλħħʵһ൱ڰʥǷģħ𽻸ҺʮߵֻҪʣµħˡ
ʮ߻Ҳ˵ħıǻɱħϵıǡ
˵ɫÿ࣬λǿħλΧӦòвǡ
ߣɱħҲܻһЩûǰæһ
ҶǳشӾŻӵĻ֮еõһõϢ
Ż˵ÿһħ𹬶һλħô˵ؾڣԶֹһħ𡣡
ҶǳĿ˸뵽
ȻЩĶҶǳҲ֪ԼڵʵԹһħ𹬣Ծ֪һħ𹬵λãҲ޿κΡ
ħǰʥĳǿߣһɱڿԿġ
ৣ
żУҶǳ̽ӳȥǰħ𹬡
һӴսݣͨɫ֮ǻҪ޴͸¶ħϢ
䣡
֮һǿɨڳ̽ӵһ
ɫʱһ䡣
ǰľŻɫصħ𣬿Ѿˣûϵܲ˵ġ
һ̭ԸħӵǲŲħɱء
ȻӦҲܷڣ˵ǻܵĴǱʥأԺҲ޷ٴνؾˡ
ԣ֪ǰΣգҲòӲͷƤǰ塣
ߣӿٶȣ׼ʮ߻Ӵһǰȥ
Ҳȥ
Ƭ̺һɫսݱǵҰһɫľޣɢſֲϢ
ںɫսݵΧɫһֲϢֱ񷣬˸еѹ֡
ˡ
û˿һȺѹѹħ˹ǵҰֱޱ޼ʣƺƵ
Щħʵǲǿ󲿷ֶ𣬻Сﵽ˺ܶࡣ
̫Ӵˣֱȳһࡣ
Щ
Żߵ
׼֣һɷڵĻҶǳϯȥأǰħˡ
Ҷǳ㷢Ľ
ৣ
Ҷǳڵľ磬̫ǿˣһĽħеħһƬƬɱ
ħɱˣҶǳͶЩСħɱˡ
ֻʣϡٵĴħ˹Ԫ˧Ԫ˧׾ٵؾնɱˡ
鹥Ƿ㣬ǶԸЩʵµħŻ̾
Ҳ𺳣һĿҶǳ鹥ʵ̫˾̾ˡ
ôħվɱҲҪķһ򣬵Ҷǳδ̶Ƭ̾͸ɱˡ


1432 뱤
ɱħ֮˺ɫսݵǰĿݵ׳ۣжǳ𺳡
ЩħһǳشɱݣǷ˽ǲ֪ʲôҲµõݵķжôǿ
һʮߵִһȱڣǽУƻݵ󷨡
ŻӶ˵
Ļɫһ䡣
У
£Ҫǽ棬ҪȺħΧһλħأ
ҶǳҲһľΪһУʱӶӲֱɡ
ǷģҺʮߵܻȫ󷨣λħȫ󷨣Ȼͻᱻǹ󷨣ǲҪǳ֡Żӿɫѿ͵
һλħԼı֮УԵסʮ߻λʥĽһǲûйɫݡ
ҶǳЩ˰ǾͿϣԹɫݡ
ҶǳǵΣգ
ŻӺʮ߻Ӷû⣬ҶǳˣǶں
˵ɫѿҲûʸ񷴿ǸҲȥ¾ŻӺʮ߻ӻǳ֡
ǻؾǶˣЩʥҲ֪λӸɵġ
λӶǰʥǿߣǰҶǳǶûߡ
λӵİԵǿ֮£˲òͷ
λ׼𣿡
ʮ߻ӿ˵ͷ漴;ŻӶһۣ˱ȫ֣ǰĺɫսݺȥ
¡¡
飬۵Ĺ˺ѿռ䣬ݺݵغǰĺɫս档
ʱɫսݶϳѷ죬նƾһ鿪
Ҷǳ˿ޱȺȻǿĹɱԪ˧ǿߣǴԪ˧ҲֵΡ
ǰʥʵԶԶ˴Ԫ˧
ǲ
λӵȫ֣ǰĺɫսڳһѷ죬ȻСڳ˶Ǹ֣Ƕסᣬ׷׽С
û˹棬Ϊǿ˾ŻӺʮ߻ӱ񣬿һĻôȴǵıλӵķŭ
˶ǰ׳գȻ˾ģȻŭλӣûʲôֱ
ɱɱǣ
ߣ

Ҷǳһɫսݣ㷢˷ǵˣħһسɱ
ңЩħʵ֮ǰǲħǿˣħС𣬴һȺȺĽɱ
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ħв٣Ƥֱľ
λȫְɣܴ󷨵ĸǾͻᱻԶ棬ʱŻǿ뿪Ǿˡսִ
Ļͷһ
ǰʱԲˣһλӷ޷󷨣ֱ뿪ˡ
ôںɫսǣ͸ϵһ׸ˡ
ҸɱȥԪ˧ĳǰ棬Ԫ˧ں渺ЭҶǳĻ鹥֧Ԯǡս漴ٶȺ
ΪĴԪ˧δսȻȻռ쵼Ȩ
ļλԪ˧Ҳϻս֣߸Ԫ˧վһ𣬾Ȼһǿ󷨡
ϾĴԪ˧˴£Ѿһ׺ϻ󷨡
ǰ󷨶ԷǿߣǵһζԸħء
ǵĺϻ󷨵ȷǿ׾ٵؾشħһݺݵشħĺģս󷨵̨ڵسȥ
ݣ
Ҷǳ˻м䣬кԪԪ˧Ҫֻ֣ҪһάŻһͷųĽˡ
ڳ˶֪鹥Ŀ£ǶҶǳΣգϾҶǳ鹥ڣǵѹܶࡣ
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ǿߣܵҶǳ鹥ʱҲᱻش
ϾЩħûﻤǴûԹͨ鹥ǿߣһӾͱ±ˡ
ã
Ҷ鹥
̫ˣ

˷׷׳ޡ
Ҷǳ鹥֮£ټλԪ˧ĺϻ󷨣ǳеٶȷǳ죬ѾҪӽĵ̨
ˣټӰǾܴݻ̨ˡսִЦ
Ҳ¶Цݣ֮еҪ˳ˣҶǳ鹥£ûһ˾ͽӽ̨
ֻҪݻ̨ôɫݵ󷨾ͱƵˡ
ʱоŻӺʮ߻λʥɱЩħҲˡ
Ȼ
ڴʱ
ҶǳͫһֵغȵãΣա
䣬һ˾㤵ĿֲϢħϯ
ŶĻһֻ޴ĺɫƣֱأŻĿֲܡ


1433 ͷ
ɫ֮⣬ŻӺʮ߻վڸ߿УϵضԺɫݵ󷨹
ǣƲģһصӺɫ洫ԼԼԿõһΰĺɫӰɢſֲϢ֧󷨡
λȫ֣һʱҲƿ󷨣λħӪ£ѾΪһ塣
λʥϮпܻ
ħ𣬱˵̫ˣѾ˽ȥˡŻЦ
ʮ߻ɱһб͹Թɡ
ߣ˵ǼСǱԸ⣬Ϊܹ
ħЦ֮
ͬʱ󷨱ɫһҲ¶
һֻ޴ĺɫƣ֮Żսֵ˺
ʲô
ôһλħ𣡡
ŻӺʮ߻Ӽ״ʱɫ䡣
ΪֻɫƵĺ棬һλȫɫħ˳Ϣǳֲһ㶼ǰħ֮¡
λħ
ħھȻλħ
ŻӺʮ߻Ӷʱһ
λħټ󷨣Ǹ޷ħ𹬡
Ҫ𣿡ħЦ֮г˳Ū
ŻӺʮ߻ɫһλħ֣Ҷǳˡ
ǰʥסʥ
ȻǲںҶǳ˵һҲ޷ħˡ
һνؾջҲʧܶࡣ
ң֪ħ𹬵ĵصδֻһңһˣʧ̫ˡ
λɫѿʱɫҶǳˣܵϢٽ
¡¡
޴ĺɫЯſֲܣ˵궼ڲ
Ǵħ߳ĸߴӰ˸еľѹ̫ˡ
ã滹һλħ𣡡
ϵˣ

˶־塣
λħڣǱɡ
Ҫȫûˡ
ȫ֣һҪסսɫ˻֪Լ˵סһλʥħ𣬵ʱҲֻƴˡ
䣡
˶׷ȫ֡
ٽ˲֣ÿ˶ƴ
ҶǳҲ˹顣
ȻһλʥħǵĹ̫ˡ
䣡
޴ĺɫƸǶ£˲ʹĻսλԪ˧ѪĴԪ˧ǿҲǷ׷Ѫɡ
ЩԪ˧ʥʥǣֱӾͱɱˡ
Сġ
Ԫ䵲ҶǳǰֲܵĹһѪһҶǳˡ
Ҷǳؿˣһι֮£ΧĶʮʥʥֱӱ
ЩʥӶԪ˧ǿߣ֮ʵħһιס
ȻսЩԪ˧ҲܣΪҲ͵סΡ
˵ؾΣգҶǳʱ˿ڸܵˡ
Ÿսʮ˾ʧ룬ʵ̫ˡ
ңһλʥħҲҪˡ
ҲܷҲ
Ҷǳд
ʹ
Ҫȥ硣
ô죿Ҷ֣ʲôð취𣿡ԪǵѪҺЩֵ̿ʵ
սʥڵʥӣǴԪ˧ǿߣͷ˿Ҳ̿־ˡ
Ҷǳ˼תȻ˲Զ̨۾һ̨ǲҪħ𿹺⣬ֻҪݻ̨ˡʱλڣȻǵסħ𡣡
ԪԿЦڿûʱǴݻ̨ˡ
ҿΪȡʱ䣡Ҷǳâ貣ڵӿȣƻɽһ㣬ΧĿռ䶼ЩŤ
⻹ҶǳһοıܹΧĿռŤεȻʵʵı仯
⡭ǣԪҶǳߣҶǳֲ̫ˣев
Ҷǳͷ飬ҧȼȫһӦÿشʥħ𣬵ֻһΣǱô˻ݻ̨
ĻҲ˻սֵˡ
شʥ
Զ𺳣оЩš
ҶǳֻһԪ˧ѣֻһѣȻҷشʥħ
ͷҲûʲô취ֻѡҶǳˡ
ãҶСӣξͿˡսֻӦ
漴˶Żս֣ŲԶ̨ȥ
ҶǳߵĺԪҲɱ˹ȥ
˵ʱʱ죬Ҷǳȼʱ򣬴ħ߳ħٴ̧ƣɱ
вٴγС
սֵȻоͷƤ飬ŵʱҲֻѡҶǳˡ
ħĹƴ̨
Ľɱ
Ҷǳ¶ڵƳصĻɽһ˲緢
Уһ;޴Ľ۶ɣǰħɱȥ
ţ
ħȻҲܵ˿ֲΣУɵĿһɨϬ񣬿Ҷǳ
Ҷǳη壬Ŀ֮ӣ絶档


1434 
ҶǳħЩɻһСӣôԼв
ΣУȴ̫ǿˣ𣬲ܻӦ
Ȼ
ҲɻĶ̶һ˲䣬ҶǳĽѾħ
ϾҶǳһĽܷħĹٶȻҪ졣
ˡ
ܵĽĹħʱܵشʵȰʥľɴڵ㣬ʥˡ
ټûȼҶǳ֮£ʱܵش˶Ѫɡ
ʲô
ôܣ

սֵ˾Ŀɿڴ
춯֣Ҷǳ˻ͬʱҲһݺݵ̨
̨д۵ĹâҶǳһ֮סˡ
ǽĻսֵ˵ĹȴԶԶҶǳЩ˱ϾǴԪ˧һǳֲһ˲ʹݻػ̨󷨣̨ˡ
ס֣
ħŭϧѾˡ
̨һ٣ֺɫսݵҲʧˣɿֲϢʱ˽ƵƬ֮䡣
ɵúã
û뵽Ȼǳɹˣ
ŻӺʮ߻ӽǴЦ̤һɱһλħ𣬽λħ·硣
ͬǰʥλĻӣ츳еǶԶԶˡħ
Ҷǳ˿λħλѹˣ׷˿
̫ˡ
ҶСӣɵúãζˣȻǾˡսִЦ
ҶǳԪţǿЦЦȼҲܵصķɣԺһʱڣ޷ˣ˵һϢ
ϾҶǳʵֻԪ˧Ԫ˧ǿؾ̫Σˡ
Ÿոս֮ǰЩԪ˧ʥʥǣͶˡ
ڳУҶǳһԪ˧ǿ⣬˶ǴԪ˧ǿߡ
û鹥İҶǳеܲ
ǸղֵĻȫ
εѡ
Ҷ֣ǷһԪҲЦ˵ڷǳԼҶǳùϵؼʱ̻Ҷǳ鹥á
ǰҶǷһ
ҶԺʲôԸ˵

λԪ˧ʥʥӶ׷׵ͷһսҲҶǳҪ֮׷׿ʼͽҶǳˡ
λǸϽɱЩħɣ
ҶǳЦ˵
ܹõôԪ˧ǿߵĸм⣬ջɡ
Щ˵ʵҶǳûжٰǵ̫ˣǴԪ˧ʥʥӡ
ξһЩ˳ȥȻǵɸ֮ˣҶǳ֮Ǹǿʢ
ңôǿĺôҲǳࡣ
ԣɱЩħǣսִȵ
λԪ˧ٶȽɱɱɫսڲħǣûλħвǸκħ
ʥʥҲ׷׶ɱҲֻɵħһûħôЩħͲǵĶˡ
Ҷ֣ˣɡԪվҶǳߣû뿪
Ҷǳмлˡ
ȻһռϷ磬ϾдԪ˧ħʱҶǳһ£Ҷǳˡ
ǧô˵ȵءԪæ֣漴Ц˵λҪء
ҶǳЦ־ˣڶʱڶ޷ˣǾǡ
ô˵Ȼǰ˵ˣôܷءԪҡͷһѾҶǳҪ֮Ҷǳܰһأ
ߣҶǳϾһҲ塣
ҶǳźԪɫ٣΢΢жֵý
£Ҷǳϥ£ԺԪ˵֣Ҫָһƣһ
û⣬㾡ָܻƣұ֤û˿Դ㡣Ԫؿ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴۾
ЩԪ˧ħڱսֵ׷ɱʣµħвԪ˧ĺԪ䡣
۾ҶǳӴ
ղȼڵʱﵽһֲĳ̶ȣƶӽ߲ˡ
Ҷǳ֪Щȼռģĭʱɢ
ûɢȴǿ
Ȼʱ޷ǾֻˡҶǳ뵽ˡ
ôӴͨڵĻƽ֮ţЧ϶ǳá
ҶǳȼյӴڣƽ֮ţ塣
%32%33
ҶǳĻڿš


1435 һ
ЩħǲһһֶҲ
ǵ̫ˣͬĵȼǸǣ治֪ħôǻġ
Ϊħ統೬Խǵǿߣһλۣǵȵ߳һۣͰǸɨˡɴ˿ɼͬȼǻ߸ǿ

λԪ˧ʥʥ˵ЦԵúɡ
ʵϣǵȷɣЩԪ˧ħɱˣʣµħֵһᡣ
ǵɨ֮£ɫսڵħ١
֣ҶСôˣ
սִʱʱϵԪҶǳ
Ԫ俴һǰڱĿ޵Ҷǳ漴˵Ҷڻָƣ
Ǻã㱣ǧܵΣաս
İɣԪ˵ͷֻǿǰĿеҶǳɫЩŹ֡
Ϊ̽ӹˣҶǳûʲôƣֻѸټȻΪȼµġ
ǣúԪеŹֵǣҶǳڼΪҶǳܹܽظӦõ
ѵһսҶͻƣ
Ԫа뵽
ͬʱҲ𾪣ҶǳѾԪ˧ˣٽһǺЩԪ˧ǿ߶൱ˡ
һȻӵ˿ֲ̫ˡ
%36%37%38
ԪµûʱҶǳȷѸٱǿ
ȼʣӴһٳ忪˵ƽ֮ţ֮ӿĻ弫
%39
%40
ȻҶǳ͵˫ƻһ˫Ŀ֮мǰĿռ䶼ˡ
ҶǳĿ⻮գڰжĿĺۼԶһħɱˡ
Ҷ֣
Ԫ俴һĻԵúܾȡ
֣лˣҶǳվЦ˵һŵǿϢҲѸ
ԪýȴǸӦˣЩŵҶǳ𾪵Ҷ֣ѵġ
ҶǳЦŵͷ
һٳ忪˵ƽ֮ţĻ%40ҲӵԪ˧սˡ
̫ˣҴδһܹӵôǿǻ½漣ˡԪһ̾
ҶǳаЦԼǵõ۵ĴУš澭ǻȴҵõ˵һ͵ڶҲ塣
һλ۴ĹȻͬ졣
⻹ǰ
Ҷǳǳ澭ǾϧŹڻУԺ󻹲֪ôܻá
ˣûҪǻ顣
Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴Ԫ֣߰ɣҲȥβ˳ץħ
ţԪ˵ͷ
漴ս׽һħ
ҶǳûѯħΪ֪Щħħ𣬲ȻҲ֪սˣȴҲӡ
ԣҶǳֱħ꣬̽ļ䡣
ܿ죬һ½ϸͼӡҶǳԺС
λӽǵĵͼȣͼԵϸˣϾħ̽ġ
ǾԶɫսݣڸ̽ڻؾ̽
ҶǳλӸĵͼʱһɽεضһӽͼʱ
Ļ½ͼԪԱһ߸̾һ߸ƹ
ҶǳЦϧֻã뿪˻ؾͼҲֻܽǲܴˡ
´лʹáԪ˵ܽˣԼǿµġ
ҶǳЦ֣ѵûһγʥ´һлᣬûˡ
ǺǣܹʥǾҶĸˡԪɹȻЦȻϣһܹʥϾÿһνؾΣա
ûѾ˶ʮλʥʥˣһǧ֪꣬ʲôΣա
ǶԻؾ˽ⲻλӣҪõʲôʥĻԵֻΣյشٵΣվ͸
ףȻһħ𹬵ļأ
ȻҶǳһûнħ𹬵λӡڵͼϣ͵͵ߺԪ䡣
ԪһҶǳ۾Ҷ֣ħ𹬾һλħħ𹬣
Ժܴ󣡡Ҷǳ˵ͷտտħأλӾԲģΪǲ֪ȼյôǿԣһħ𹬣Ӧֻһħĵڶħ𣬱ȻһħԮħ𡣡
λħˣô˵ħ𹬿϶ûħأǿԹ򣿡Ԫ䴫Եú˷ܡ


1436 
һħڵı϶кܶ࣬ϾЩħʱڻؾѹεıԷ
λĻӣҲһ͹һħˡ
Ҷǳ񼶵Ĳϡ
Ҷ֣һ£ʱȥħ𹬣ֻҪûħδزԹ¡Ԫһ˷ܵ
ҶǳԵú侲Ԫ˧Ѿ֪ͨˣҲ˵̫ˣȻǿԴ̽Ϣ˴̽ԾŻӺʮ߻ӵľǻ²𣿡
⡭Ԫһʱ侲ǰǿԴ̽óϢλһҲԡ
ܹﵽʵˣǰ׳ա
£Ԫһź˵ǿ϶λӵȥˣǿûʵǾ
Ҳû취飡Ҷǳҡͷ˵ħûħҲǵĲ²⣬һһλħأȥ
ǰ׸һˡԪЦá
Ҷǳ΢΢Цħ𹬵Ҳ̸ǿȥһż
żԪ۾һ
ҶǳЦ˵ؾżȥħʵȻһЩѾħֹˣֻһżԼֵģûиħ𡣡
ΪԼԶżԲûиħû뵽ħҲҰġԪЦ˵
Ҷǳָŵͼһص㣬տտżΣնҪһ㣬λħ𿴲ϣǵʱȥԡ
˵ֱ꣬ɱеĴħһû֪żϢˡ
ҶǳͺԪ׽˼Сħǵļ֮УҶǳ˻ؾͼеϸϢ
ΣЩΣյĵطҶǳͺԪ䶼һ£ûϸĵͼһǽУ
û뵽Ȼʥ˼ħѹֱΪΣ򡣡Ԫ俴ŵͼǰģôΣյĵطȻϸϢʵ̫ɺˡ
ҶǳϸۿǰĻؾͼȫϢ֮ͼϸˡ
еɫȷǰȫ򣬵ͬʱҲѾھϣûмֵżˡ
ƵҲûʲôżвħ𹬣ͳĶǰʥħ
ֻҪСĵرܿЩħ𹬣ͲΣգб¹ħ𹬣ܻ÷ջ
ǺɫΣ治ʥ˼ħΣյżЩżʥ˽ȥΣգһΣյĵط
ںɫΣĺ棬̽
һƬδ֪ĵطҲδʹԵħʥ˴ҲԻ½ǿȥ
ҶСӣ
սֺ˾嫺ӲԶ
ЩԪ˧Ѿɨħ𹬣λӽ
ǵͼҲӡһݡҶǳָŵͼ˵
սֺ˾嫺۾һǵȻһϸͼҪԣ·׷׸ӡһݡ
żϢҶǳҲǣ̶Ȼȥȥ̽
ú󣬾ۼĴԪ˧ʥʥԽԽ࣬Ƕɨ
ħ𹬣ڳ˲ҽȥıλӵġ
ĵȴһ֮λڻˣѾնɱħ𣬶ҿջܴЦݡ
ҶǳθɵĲ˴󹦣ҿһǧսŻӿҶǳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ҶǳһһǧսһҲֵƴ²òͷҲֻüװмл
ŻҶǳĿ࣬Բɵ˵һ̽ؾģٲĺô
ҶǳһɫʱѿԪҲɫһ䣬ǻԼһ𴳵ء
Żӣ˵ãֻҪǹħ𹬣Ǳж𣿡
Ҷǳ˵
;Ż֣ʱô϶ǾŻӵģõʥ϶ѡ
οԾŻӵʵ϶ȥЩΣյĵطһҶǳ֪Լʲôʱˡ
ҪǾŻӵʵǿ̫ˣǿһ𴳵ΣҲָ㡣
Ǹ˵õģԸʥأǴԪ˧һ
ŻĿؿҶǳ˵㣬㱾ûнؾģȻġ
ҶǳɫޱΣպ;Żһ̽ؾõ񼶵ĲϣŻӻܡ
ؾΪ˵õ񼶲ϣĿꡣ


1437 
еЩ͡
˭Ҳû뵽ŻӻҶǳ֣ڳ˶ǰ׳գȻ֪ŻֲΣգһûʲôջ
ǴҶ֪Ҷǳؾ϶ΪѰ񼶲ϣӶ̤硣
ǸŻһ֣Ҷǳǲܵõ񼶲ϵġ
˶ЩͬؿҶǳȻǶҶǳЩƽǿľŻӣҲҳ
ջǻսСؿ˵ŻӣʵҲòҶǳһæɡ
Ҳֻί˵
Żӵĵλ̫ˣʵǿעʥˡ
ˣ˵һһԪ˧Էġ
ǺǣɲССղʥħ鹥شˡŻһϷŰ˵
ҶǳпЦû뵽Լȼشħȴֻ¡
ٴѡһ飬ҲѡȼϾסԼСҪ
Żӣǵ鹥ڵİҲ󡭡սֻȰ˵
Żӵɫȴ˰֣˵ˣ˵ˣҾ飬ݸġ
ǳǿưԵ޿κΡ
ս̾˿ͶҶǳһǸ
ǿƵľŻӣλԪ˧ҲΪ
Ÿ硭
ʮ߻ЦſŻӣ˸ĪĹâ
ȻλӶҶǳҲȤ
Ҷǳɫϵ⣬׸
ʵˣ³
ǿΪ߾ԭ
ʮߵҲҪ𣿡ŻĿؿʮ߻ӡ
ʮ߻Ц˵ֵܣ˵ʲôģοҶǳҲƷֻȰŸһ䣬Ȼǰ˵˹򣬾ŸʱΥԺô
ҲûΥֻҶǳڹ֮ڡŻ˵ҶǳԭûнؾģȻҲҪ¡
Ÿ硭
ŻӰ˰֣ǿӲ˵ʮߵܲ˵ˣҶǳңҲԿһħ𹬿ø㡣
ȻλħȻҲħ𹬣һ㣬λҲǳ
棿ʮ߻ЩȵؿŻӡ
Żӵ˵ھͿȥ
˵գŻӶҶǳ֣Į߰ɣ
ҶǳɫŻӣ֪㿴ҵ鹥Ǹղܹ֮شλħΪȼȼҲܵɣǧ֮ҿ¶òˡ
һԵʮ߻Цؿţղž̽ҶǳԶԴ˷ǳ
ҲΪһħ𹬾ͷҶǳ
طϻֻҪҵɡŻضҶǳһǿ־͸Ҷǳеޱѹ֡
Ҷǳ֪ŻвһŻӿ϶֡
ϾĻŻӻעһӰ졣
ؾڣŻӿɲںʲôӰ죬ϾսѾˣܽ鴫ȥ
ǣ
ҶǳҧгݵӦ
˫ȭýģâһš
ֱǿѹƣĸоѾܾûгˡ
ףʵ̫ˣ˰ʥʵɲŻӣԷȻκβ
ΪʵŲòŻӵ
ҶСӣǸսִҶǳǸԼСĵ㣬һҪͣҪŻӶԿ˺ܰԵ
Ҷ֣СġԪҲҶǳ
ԾŻӣǶΪ
ǴżȥɣģһԼСĵġҶǳ
ûйЩˣŻʵǿݵλߣڳʮ߻ӣ˭Ҳˡ

˷ֱ֮Ҷǳ͸žŻ뿪ˡ
ǲûԶڸһɽпһɽ
ҶǳЩɻؿŻӡ
ŻóһöռָҶǳ˵һЩָĵرȥãѸġ
ҶǳЦŻӣָֻѣһĵرûãҪʱ䡣ϧֻڻؾһǧ꣬ʱ䲻һָôӴ
ŻӼȻҲɫ
ãǲҶǳԸ
Ǻǣ
ŻЦһЦ漴ٴμһƷһҶǳǳϤΪʱ
㡭㾹ȻʱҶǳ𾪡
Żӵ˵ʱʱʥҵʦʱöþöˡˣʱȥָɣһ㻤
Ҷǳɫؽӹʱ
ȴޱȼʱĻͿٴˡ
ʱ򣬿ʥҲǲܡ


1438 ʵ
ɽ֮УҶǳû˿ԥͽʱ
ϥʱڣҶǳ˷ܣʱҾͿٴδͨƽ֮ţˡ
ڵѾȴԪ˧ٽһʥˡʱʲôŻӣʮ߻ӣȫҵĶ֡
ʱؾıҲҵˡ

ݵ˷֮Ҷǳʹ򿪾ŻӸĿռָóĵرϿʼָ
ָٶȺܿ죬ΪоŻӵЩĵر걦ʯ
걦ʯʱ޿̲ͷǿܰѸٻָ
֮£ҶǳָȻܿ졣

ʱҴң
ʱһ꣬Ҷǳͻָ
ʱŹȥһѡ
ʱڣҶǳ͵貵︡һĨϲɫ
ڻָˣʼͨƽ֮ţҶǳգ㿪ʼӴŻƽ֮ųȥ
һǳ飬ҶǳԵúġ
ʱڣҲµʱ䡣
ʱһ꣬Ҳһѡ
ǿڻؾһǧ꣬õһꡢҲ⡣
һ꣬ʱڱһˡ
ôʱ䣬㹻Ҷǳٴδͨһƽ֮ˣࡣ

硣
ŻϥɽſڣסΧ־衣
żɽڵʱһۣ¶ЦݣСȼشʥȥħ𹬣һ˾ܴһħ𹬡
Żһš
ΪҶǳҪãŰһħøʮ߻ӣҲҪõҶǳ
Ȼʮ߻Ҳһ㣬ϧʮ߻ûʱԼҪҶǳҲûá
һҪƬڵħȫɨɾ
Żдڴ֮ɫ
Ƶٻмʮħ𹬣ֵľʮһôħ𹬣ôջ϶ܴ
ΪƬǳȫûҪȥɫΣðա

һꡭꡭꡭ
ʱڣҶǳ߲ݵڴͨƽ֮š
ƵǣԽ󣬻ѶȾԽ󡣼ͨ˻ƽ֮ţҲҪѺܳʱ֮
ʮ꣬%10Ѿȥˣȴֻ%1
ҪԼսҵսˣ˶١
ҶǳЩࡣ
ʱǾŻӴģŻϣԻָؾñҶǳ
ҪսҶǳֵü
ʲôʱȥ
ٺ٣ǾŻӽȻǲȥġ
һʱһʱ䡣
ʮꡭʮꡭ
Ҷǳʱ䣬ʱڽεǱޡ

磬Żüͷɽڵʱ
ȥ⣬ڶȥʮˣʱĹҶǳʮˣôûлָ
СӲʱɣ
Żü֮両һĨ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ٵȼ꣬ҶǳͿʱ
磬ʱһת۾͹ȥˣʱڣȴǹȥ˼ꡣ
%43
ʱڣҶǳ˿Σȥʮһˣƽ%1»ҪʮҲܽ%50
ҶǳЩͷۣԺ
ϾûжսԺ޷ʱǵðòܰѻԲ磿
ֻһһˣڿʹʱͶһʱ䡣
Ҷǳ뵽
ϧ첻Ը
Ҷǳ׼ʱʱ͵
󣬾Żӱ˽Ҷǳҳ
Ҷǳʱоһɾ޴Լ߳ʱ
վʥǱ˵ģҶǳ治ߡ
ɽ⣬Żؿűʱ߳ҶǳΪʲôʱ䣿
ŻӣڿʲôЦʱˣҪҲȼһҪòָܻҶǳߵ
ԷڻҪҲµԷ
ңĻѾﵽ%43ֻҪһЩﵽ%45ǾͿȰʥˣʱͲŻˡ
СӣñˣԹң㻹ܰȫ뿪ؾ򡭡
ŻضҶǳ֮ев֮ⲻԶ
ŻӣδҲ̫С˰ɣռʱʱҪҪս㣿Ҷǳ
ߣٷϻҪҪʱȳȥҿԸһʱ䣬ڻؾ棬һ춼˷ˡŻ˵գֱץҶǳŲԶȥ
ҶǳҲûеֿûеֿŻӵţֻҪٸһʱᣬܿŻˡ
ƣ
Ҷǳйâ˸


1439 ۷ʥ
ŻץУҶǳûзǹۿŵͼŻҪȥ
ڵͼϿһҶǳ־ŻӴǰķڻƵ
ѵǾŻ֪ħ𹬣
Ҷǳв²⡣
Ժܴ󣬱Ͼ֪̽˻ؾٴΣ϶֪ħ𹬡
ʱţҶǳĲ²ⱻ֤ʵˡ
ΪҶǳӦ֮УѾһɫսݣ֮ǰǹħ𹬴ͬС졣
𣿡
ŻӸ֪Ҷǳɫ仯ߵȫλħ֪鹥ħ𹬵󷨣ֻҪشħһΣҾܳûݻ󷨣ʣµͽˡ
Ҫȼشħ𡣡Ҷǳ
Żӵ˵ʮ꣬³֮ʱʮʱ䣬㹻ָ
Уʱ̫ˣҪʮꡣҶǳȻҪʱ䣬ԼıϾҪʱԼĻ塣
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬СӲҪˣŻĿͬһ㶢ҶǳԲɵ˵
ҶǳҧУ
ȴ˻ˣʮʱ䣬ٿԽ%45ʱʥˡ
˰ʥʵ˵ܹܾŻӣԱ㹻ˡ
ȻҶǳʱҪʵþŻӷһʱڵʱ䣬Ͼһ;Żӽͱٽʱ
ৣ
;Ż̸֮Ѿ˺ɫսݵϿգϿոȥֻɫսвħҲҶǳ;Żİߣ׷׳ӿ
סʣµĽң
Żһ漴һǿҲʥϴɣһɫĳޣһɨ֮£ǰӿħȫҽж
ҶǳͫһɫޱأЩɱħ֮УвٴһλԪ˧ǿߡ
ȻھŻӵĳ޺ɨ֮£Ԫ˧ĴҪδ֪ܿ
Żӵʵǿ޽ӽʥˣһİʥҪǿࡣңѾֻҪʥҲΪʥ
Ҷǳϸۿ̽žŻӵʵ
ΪҪѵŻӣŻӶϣȻҪǰ˽ʵԱӦԡ
㶯֣
ͻȻһҶǳ
ҶǳĿȥ־ŻѾɨħʣµħŻӵĿֲƣŵöںɫսڲҳ
Ҳǰ׳գԿŻʵ̫ǿȻɫսݵ󷨽з
¡¡
ҶǳɵǰӴȥʱħڵһ˽
ͬʱλĵħҲҶǳˡ
Ҫȼˣ
ҶǳЦһ漴ԥȼ۳һ޴ޱȵĽݺݵسŶĵħɱȥ
󷨵ħʱëɨȥȻǸ֪Σ٣ϧ֪ʲô
µ鹥ʱȴѾˡ
ͣ
ħ걻Ľ˺ѣҺһѪɳȥ
ȼ֮Ҷǳľﵽ˵۷壬Ӵ֮£ﶼֵסοûħ
ȻħΪʥľҲﵽ˵۷壬ҶǳҲĽɱħ
ݣ
Ҷǳشħ֮󣬼Ľɱħ
ȼʧĺܿ죬Ҫʡʱ䣬̶ȵظħش
ۣ
ħܵĽĹֻоԼѾ˺ƬҲû󷨡
ã
Żһֱħ𣬵ħиȫݺݵغǰ󷨡
ǲ
飬Ҳ֮ѿ
Ͼûħֵ󷨣סһλʥĹοǾŻĶʥ
𣡡
һƣħҲȶƣųŻӣ伤ҲɱǿսನΧնԷ顣
ҶǳѾԶԶģŲֲεսڵʵҲûʸȥ
ù۲һ¾Żӵľս
ҶǳԶϸս
ν֪֪˷ܰսֻҪ˽ŻӣܶԸ
ԽǹսҶǳԽ־ŻӵĿ£ͷβŻӶѹħħѾŻߵĻᶼûˡ
ѹԵʵ
ħڣħûˣҲǾŻӵĶ֡
ҶǳԾ
Żӵʵڰʥ֮оԴﵽ۷壬ĵ̣ŻһͻƳʥﵽСʥ۷塣
ȻǾŻӵĿ꣬ҪٽһʱһͻƳʥǴʥ
ʥǿߣ½һͷ
½ıǮ


1440 
ϸۿŻħսҶǳ־ŻӵʵĺǿŻӵʹﵽԪ˧ĳ̶ȣҲ๦
ȻŻǿĵطںͨĵһ
ЩʥΪǿ
һǵǿǿܹ֮γɿµ־ܡ
־ܵĳ£ʥ˲Ҫֻ֣һ񣬾ɱ
⣬ʥ֮ٿʥӳ͸ӿֲˡ
ŻȻڻʥˣû־ܣѾ֮߶ʹǿ౶
ͬһ֮߶ͨĵ߶ǿһ򱶡
Ҷǳ𺳡
ʥ˵Ŀֲ֮
ҵĻҲʥҽƾսܿʥˡ
ҶǳԼĻš
ϾһλĴĹôܻᱻȥ
Ĵ۱Ĵʼ˶Сһ
䣡
һ쾪춯ء
ֲıըನԶĸ߿ϯʹΧĿռһ顣
ĳء
Ҷǳ̽ӹȥ־ŻӺħսˡ
ħվǾŻӵĶ֣Żӵĳ޽סӣӲԴħըĲ
ħƷȫŻ
ħڵĶȻҲǾŻӵսƷ

ŻѹսƷ֮ӳһʥϸҶǳĽ
ߣҶǳһûоܾȻò֪ʥϣԸëǣϾһӴĲ̣ҪܶԴ
ңðײãŲŻӿ
ߣҸطָ
ŻӶҶǳ˵
һ뿪˵أڸһطһɽ
ǰоŻӻҶǳʱʼָơ
ûоŻӸĵرҶǳ㻨Żָ
ʮ꣬պÿԽҵĻ%45ҵ̤ʥ硣
Ҷǳڴ
ͬʱ֣ÿһȼȻ»ָǰǿܶࡣ
ٶȣʮ֮ľ¾̤κڣĽȻٴǿ
Ҷǳгڴ۾ʼ塣
ʱҴš

ʮ֮Ҷǳ׼ʱأȻ;Ż̸ҲΥȻ˾ŻӣʱûϷˡ
ڴﵽ%45
ҶǳվԼÿһѪ̺֮Ŀֲ϶ʱ˷֮ɫҲԽˡ
ڵңԱ֮
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴뿪ʱ
ţ
ոճҶǳͻȻɫһ䡣
ΪֻؾЩųˣųСȷʵڡ
ô£
Ҷǳüͷ
ܿ죬뵽˻ؾĹǲʥϵǿ߽
ô˵Ļǲʥ˼ߣͻƳʥҪųȥԺ޷ٽ˵ء
ҵÿһ£ʥ
Ҷǳ뵽
ԶŻӻ۾ĮŴʱڳҶǳǶʱ΢΢Ц㵹׼ʱ
ǲ׼ʱ¾ҪҳˡҶǳ˵
˿ȰʥʵҶǳҲŻˣ˵Ҳ򶨶ˡ
ŻԲҶǳɫı仯üͷ΢΢һ壬ûж롣
ϾõҶǳô죬̫ʵˡ
ھŻӿҶǳȻ츳ǿ󣬵Ͼܵռ֮ƣǴ磬ܹжв
˵ҶǳǿҶǳѾﵽ۷壬ʱͻơ
߰ɣȥһħ𹬣
Ż֣ǰ·оԵʵҶǳߡ
Ҷǳ۾žŻӵıӰһЦȥ
ȻѾŻˣΪܹʱмʱʵ
ҵʵﵽʥ۷ʱٸ̯ƣ
Ҷǳ뵽
㣬ֻҪ%49Ӧþǰʥ۷塣
ʱսܿŻӣټ鹥Ļ˵ѹŻӡ

ţϢȻ𣿡
;Żӷ˼꣬ҶǳȻһϤϢ
һˡǰľŻɫӿٶȡ
ҶǳĿһѵǰħ𹬣ȹˣ
˼ӿٶȣܿ͵ִǰħ𹬡
Զʮڶħ𹬵ΧΪ׵һۣޱȣʵҲǿŻ൱
ǵΧ֮£ħ𹬵Ѿ᧿Σˡ
ҶǳЩ˵л
ҲҶǳʱϲ


1441 ʮλħ
ʱҶǳ;ŻӵĵѾЩ˸ˡ
Ϊ׵ת˾ŻӣŻӵĿҲȻʶͬʱڡ
ף
Ԩ
䣬˵Ŀⶼ
Ҳ֣ͣٹħ𹬵ػ󷨣Żڸ߿жԳ֡
Ҷǳ֪Żӵ֣ס
ԨǱĻϣٿԨһۣȻǱĻӵܡ
Ȼڸİд֮У˵˴˵ݣǱ̫ӡ
λ۲̫ͬѾȷˡ
Ҷ֣ôľŻһʵһ㻹ôõ񼶲ϣɻغҶǳ̸
ҶǳЦⲻǱȵģûнؾ˼ѹˣô
ò̫ӰʵԵúţܹ̫Ͻ顣
Ҷǳȴҡͷˣд㡣
ţðɣûж˵ΪҶǳŲˣ³ѣֽ˻Ѩ
Ǵ̸ʱ򣬱̫Ԩ˳˿ܳϵ˺󱳣ںƺڹʣɫԣԵúܲ
ף˼һˡ
Ԩ촽ޱȣͬڰ棬ӳճ貵ǿաļֹͭɫѪ˼£ɢһǿϢȻӵиĪǿȡ
λ̫Ҳǿƣħ𹬽ǵսƷŻӲ֡
ԨƾҲһħ𣿡Ц˫Ŀ磬ͬȼգſֲѹƬ
ԶԶȥֻ۾͸źһǿ֮ȼգµĻӳĩ֮г١
˶һ
Ԩ֮⣬˶ܵ˰ʥѹȡ
ǾͲˣ
Ԩ˵
ͬӿֳʥǿƣͬǳĺˮϯ½û硣
ǺǣеҲãǶδҪһı£Щ굽׳˶١
״Цһ弤ͬһգԨ˹ȥ
䣬ĿֲйȥƬصضɽҡնҡΣռ׷顣
۷ʥǿƣ
ͬںħսŻһҲСԨһֱ۷ս
ǿϯȥһ˲Χɽʯ飬һÿòεضڸ߿ȼշٻ١
Żӵ̫ǿˣܹΪʥĶߣοǰʥе۷ڡ
ףԼţ
ԨƳľŻӣһЦ
䣡Ȼը
Ǵ۵Ľ⣬һźըѣ޾֮⼤̵۾
ҶǳҲֻһֻͭɫȭͷЯſֲޱߵľŻӡ
䣡
춯ص𣬿ռ׷ѣҡΣɽӱ񷶼䣬ͬĩ١
۷ʥĶԾ̫ڿֲˣҫ۵Ĺâ۾ֲನ˲Ϻˡ
ҶǳϸսĿԣŶԾ̫ˣ
Ҳ˰ʥܹöŻӺԨĶԾ
Էս飬ֲĲ֮ǳ
ֱʦ

ʱǸħڣʮڵĸߴӰվһңң۷Ծ
ʮλħϢһֱز
ϢҶǳ֪϶ޱȡ
Ȼǹħ𹬵ʱЩħҲûִУѾʼ塣
ٴǵأѾжλħһξԲܷŹǡһλ̷ħ˵
ǵȻһλħЦǾۼ壬ǰһ򾡡
Ϊˣǿֲ̫ˣܹʥˣȴѹΪͻƣҪһͻƾͳɴʥʣ˶еţɱǣԻЩʹϧһħָԾľŻӺԨ˵
һƤ׵ħ˳Ҫˣ˵ʵ̫ǿˣֲεһˣֶ޷նɱǡ
ǾͶְɣܹɱǣҲ׬ˡ
ЩɱôãǸøһκݺݵصĽѵˡ

ʮλħ𾡽Եͷ
Ȼ̤󷨣оɱŻӺԨʣµһҶǳǳˡ
ţ
սľŻӺԨʱߣ˶ͫһǵʵȻʮħǰʥħ
ôôħ𣿡
˶һۣ𾪲ѡ
ҶǳҲܵЩħǿϢš


1442 սħ
ʲô
ôôħ𣿡
찡Ȼʮλħ

ǿǷ׷׾ֽе
ʮλħһ֣һɹǿϢֲ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ΧĿռ䶼űˣ޷ʮλħǿϢʮħ֮䣬ɢĿֲ
ŻӺԨ֣ͣӭЩħ
ɱ
λħɱǣֲսһ˲չƬضˣ貵Ĺâ˺ѵأڤ

вҽ
еһλħɱҶǳǣ޴ʱбĴԪ˧ǿ߱ħ
˶ŵ
һȺСϣǡ
λħЦɱ׼Źκһ顣
ʮ˶ǴԪ˧ǿߣǸ޷һλʥħ𣬵ͱɱˡ
ߣ
Ҷǳ
ĺΪľΣͳ߷ˣҶǳҲӭȥ
ֻСĳӣȥɣ
λħûй׷ɱҶǳֻǳĳһƣΪҶǳһһͨĴסһ֮
Ŀ꣬ɱЩԪ˧ǿߡ
Сġ
ܵ޴ħƵĽ٣ɵҶǳ
ǿǰʥħԼҪˣּǿߣһƣҲԵֵġ
ֻǣкҶǳԾΣҲᳯҶǳ
ߣ
ҶǳһҲΣǿϢ
Ѹ٣һ绮գڵ˸֮䣬ͳߣһȭӲѹħơ
ʲôɴ۾ԵЩţǿһλǿħ𣬾ȻҶǳסˡ
֪ҶǳﵽԪ˧𣬵ԿħŶԡ
ߣ
ҶǳûнͣץԶȥ
ЩƣžŻӳʱǱЩħһͣҲټžŻˡ
ϾղŵıùŻӣʱŻӿ϶裬ٰʱˡ
Сӡ
ȻܵΧľŻӣȷųһ˼ҶǳҶǳסħһƣֱ۾
Ȼ֮ǰҶǳһֱʵѾﵽ˼ޣʥ
Сһֱҡ
ŻӺܴܿͨһС
Ҷǳȫʵ⣬ȴɸΪʲôȻΪʱ
²⣬ҶǳҪʱ䣬Ϊ
ɱ

ŸħΧŻӺԨûƢ׷ںˡ
ΪŸħҲͨİʥлмǿİʥǡ
Ŵħ֣ǶܿʥˣҲòݱܷâ
ţȻˣⲻһֻСӣһֻӡ
Զ׷ɱǿǵħҲҶǳı֣۾һͳҶǳ׷
ȻҶǳʵЩԪ˧ҪǿôɱȻмֵ
¡¡
ħζٶȺܿ죬գռ䶼ײˣ׷Ҷǳĺ档
ֻСӣܲģħҶǳıӰЦ
ɫһ䣬Ҷǳ˵Ҷ֣죬ʩչ鹥϶ش
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦŵɫʣ˵ģ뿪Ƭشʱɱﶯ֣ħġ
Ҷ֣㡭Եɴ۾ȻҶǳ˼Щŵ˵Ҷаɱڵʵ״ﵽʲô̶ȣ
ҵսѾȰʥԶһ㣬ʱʩչ鹥شҾаջɱ
Ҷǳڴ֮ɫ
ǿһλʥħ֪ӵжٱ˵񼶵ĲϣȻҪô˻
ã
֪Ҷǳս𾪵ͬʱҲɵϲɫҲˡ
ֻСӣܵõͦ죡ħЦ
֮ľҲԽԽˡ
ǵٶȣڳʱ֮ѾԶħ𹬣֪ܵȥˡ
ãﶯ֣ǾλħѾʧȥǵ١Ҷǳڶ˵ͬʱԶԼתӭλ׷ħ
ţСҪѰ·𣿡λħ𿴵ҶǳԶɵЦ
ͬʱԥһĳҪɱҶǳ
ҵҪ˭Сӣ
ҶǳһХ죬˵ų貵⣬һȼգ޾Ļϯ硣
һȭ͵ӿֱѣա
ħƱӲ򴩣͵ȭ޵Уħɴ۾š


1443 ɱħ
Ȼﵽ˰ʥΣ
ħֻ۾ɴͬͭһĴС֮г˲ţϾ֮ɫ
ǿħ֮УҲٳֹ
鲻һóôһôǿһﻹһΪҲ̫˰ɡ
ħ񼶲𣿡ҶǳŶħѯʵ
ħͫһߵʲô˼
˼ܼ򵥣Ҫһ񼶲ϣУ̫ˡҶǳŶħڴԼսƷֻħûðɡ

ħȻŭ˲ٶȳ֣ٶȺܿ죬һɫħգɫѷ쳯ΧĿռӡ
һƺưظˣֲѹ˴ħ˻
ŭ𣬺ˡ
䣡
Ҷǳռȭӡ޴ȭͷãһգɢޱߺڰ޾Ĺ
д˻ħ䣬ĲҽǺڰɢаʤ⾳
䣡
ͬŭҶǳȭӡôرɽӷ飬ǿնڸȭӡתγһС
ħħƶˣħг٣ǾܣǸѲǿֲɵĸɸɾ
ħʧػָֻʣһ޴ȭӡɢųҵĹâ֮ȭ
أ
ħȭӡòϺˣȻؿҶǳЩ𾪵ռ֮ʹ˵еĵһ㾹Ȼռ֮
ɫЩ־壬ǰδеĿ־壬裬
ҶǳЩȣһʥħ𣬾Ȼô־
֮ǿ˹ֻһ֣õ˿־塣
ȥ£Ҳû˿Ժӵ۵Ĵڡ
Ǿһѹ޵ߣúĤݡ
𣡡
ҶǳȻԲԶ
һʱҶǳ˼Ӵ
ͬʱҶǳҲӴںһγһ籩
ɱ
Ҷǳ絶һ޴ޱȵĽѾ۳
ħ־˲䣬¶Ҷǳ̶Ľɱħ
ৣ
ĽƿգϢɱħڡ
ţ
ħӦʱһ飬ɫȻ䡣
ܵԼܵǰδеĹǿֲĽ޿赲ɱ
ۣ
ħʱѪɳȥ
ռ
Ҷǳв֪ʱһʹâʥʥУһݺݵħ
ˡ
ʥ貵ĹâкХն˰񷣬ֲĽ϶һɲĺ蹵
䣡
ħܵǰδеΣУҧȫǿֵʥն
ʱݺݵײһǿֲƳˮһϯΧһ޷嶼÷顣
󡪡
ǲ
һ
ħɫ䣬Լ澹ȻѺֱۣǿȻֵסԷ
ħȻҶǳеʥǶĿ֮⣬𣺡ʥȻʥ𣡡
ˣΪʲôҶǳܹǿΪԷĲ̫ˡ
ʥ𱾾ʥе۷壬ο־ۼһ𣬼ǽ񼶲ˡ
Ҳʥ𣬵ȴֻһ֣ΪҪʥ̫ˡ
ҶǳҲǿܣżʥԼĻܼʥ
ɣħ𣡡
ҶǳһһնԷʱٶȻӶƵʥʩչռɱ
屻߷˼£ֲޱȵսеʥΪһ壬Ӻƴƥľâ
ǲ
ضҶǳһ˺ѿˡ
ͬʱԼһ޴ޱȵĽݺݵɱħ
ۣ
ħҪֵҶǳĽУȴȻܵ鹥ʱٶѪɣĹʽˡ
ôôǿ鹥ħҧгݣеһ󵨺Էһ鹥һʹֱʤ
¡¡
貵Ľ⻮Ʋ񷣬ޱȾ׵Ľâ˺ѿռɱһɢ֮ʥ
Ҷǳ߾ʥɱħÿһȫǿ
ħ𱻴ĺ޻֮ڽڰˣΪһ֣ͻܵĽĹ
鹥֮£Ҷǳշѹλʥħ
գλǿħ𣬱ҶǳһԴ


1444 ɱ
ǿһλʥȻҶָɱˣ
ԶĿħҶǳնɱľɴ۾ţ̫ˡ
һǿչ·ģҲһ˻½ǰһλʥΪʦҶǳȴŵĵطûС
ҶǳѾܹɱʥˣһʵʥˡֻһͨĴľЩơ
࡭Ҷֵ츳Ǿˣ
Եؾ
пʱҶǳѾսƷɹˣϴʧ֮ɫսƷǺ⡣
һʱ뵽ʲôɵʵǲû񼶲ϣ
Ҷǳ̾˿һʧǰԭΪ񼶲ϣû뵽ֻмʮʥϣ׸һ
΢΢ҡͷ̫ļˣ񼶲ô׵õЩħ񼶲ϣôǻ½񼶲ͷˡ
ҶǳҲ֪Լ̫ļˣû취ھͿ񼶲ϲܽ硣
ӴǿԽԽ࣬һǴԪ˧ĴǰʥĳǿߣȴֻһΪ̫ˡ
οҶǳռǿҲΪ
Ĳ˵˵ĻڼѾ˰裬ЩԪ˧ǿ߶ûвοǰʥͲˡ
磬ôͻٴʱЩԪ˧ǿߣ԰ʥǿߣв
ʱսټϻԼ鹥ڰʥκɨ
ˣսƷ
ҶǳȻ뵽ʲôóʮʥϽЦ˵֣սƷ԰֡
˰ֵԱ߿ţгʲôŰɡ
ôУûϣҵ鹥ҲɲвҶǳְʮʥϽ
ҡͷʮɣҳǵҲֻЩ˵滹һ̣ҪЩ
ðɣҶǳûм֣ǵĹϵܺãûҪᡣ
˷սƷ֮󣬱뿪˵ء
㻹Ҫǻ𣿡Ҷǳ漴ʵָЩˡ
ˣʵҲﲻǡҡҡͷ漴Ц˵˵Ҫһжҵ㻹ô
Ǿһ߰ɣ֪һżҲ֪ڲڡҶǳһЦ
˵żǸսؾһħʱһ̽ġ
ʱΪŻӱȣԲòǸż̽ս֡ԪӦȥˣֻǲ֪Ƿż̽ˡ
Ҷǳ¸򵥵£˱ǰǸż˵
żһ㶼Σգ̽ףЩҪܳʱ䡣
Źȥʮ꣬˵սǻû̽ء

Ҷǳ˼·ڵִǴż
ڸ߿иȥƬżռܴһųǳأֻǳǳصǽѾˣķҲٻˣֻʣһ档
ѾƵˣսǹȻҶǳ˵
ҲǺģòܹһԼսֺͺԪȻ
ƺûʲôϢѵѾ̽ˣһ˵һ߿̽ż
ҶǳҲ̽˺Ȼһۣ¶֮ɫ
Ϊż棬һعֻعĽЩ⣬ȻԵֵ̽ӡ
ع²żЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ߣȥ
˵ڵع֮ô򵥾ܹҵڣΪѾ˴ˣӦǻսˣҵڣȻǿд򿪡
лսǰ̽·ҶǳȻͺɵظں档
ણ
Ż谵ĵȽȥΧˮεںڰ֮Ե÷ǳ
Ҷǳ䱸СĽǰȥ
ȲǺܳԼʱ֮˾߳ȣһտĵ´
ǳһС㳡һһƬǽ壬Ϊս
¡¡
սĶǳ¹ڲ
ĽЩ⣬صķģ˵սʹݻ¹ˡ
Ϊ˶ߣλԪ˧ǿߡ
Ҷǳˣֱǻս֡Ԫ˾嫺ˡ
ţһڸʲôôɱ
ҶǳżսеĻսˣɵ۾һɣЩɡ
Աߵʶ
֮ǰᵽˣԽһ̽ġҶǳ˵͸о֡
ΪǵûϢΪʲôսûзǣΪʲôụɱ


1445 δ֪Σ
Ҷǳгɻʱ򣬲ԶĻս֡˾嫺Ԫ˴ԽԽңÿ϶ˡ
һʼҶǳΪĳ֣Ͼ˶ʵģһʲôıͨѵǣ϶ᷭɳ
˵񼶲ϣ˵ܹͻƳʥı
ǽҶǳͲΪˡ
Ϊ˼ֱȡȫƴѾȼˡ
ȥ˶
ȫѾʧȥˡ
Ҷǳɻǣսսʱϵı鶼ܽţΣպֱֳ飬ʧȥǺֳķ顣
Ȼǲʧȥǡ
֣֣Īʲôþһ˵
þ
Ҷǳ۾һ԰˻þѱ˴˵ɳˣôпǻսڵ
Կܲܽǣ
Ҷǳսˣ޴˶ը죬˶޶ԣڼҲɱ
ǻþǻþĻٿҵϾҵʲôþԵֵҶǳ¶֮ɫ
عʲôΣգô
һʱ䣬Ҷǳ𶼲ǰһ»ɻս˵ӡ
Ҷ֣Կܲܰ˸ץ
Ҷǳ˵ͷԿ
䣡
䣬Ҷǳչֳ壬ǿӿ¹һ
涶졣
һǿƣϵشҶǳϯȥµѹȸ̲ס˿
ǿǰҶǳ۾о̾
ʱҶǳһλ޵սضŲԶսĻսˣȻ͵֡
¡¡
޴ڰԻ·޿赲ƣԼĳץսˡ
Ȼˡ
ҶǳԭֻҪȥץս˹ͻȻܿƣȻֱӳŻսȥ
ǱץΪ
áҶǳͫһɫ䣬æҪջƣ޷Լơ
Ҷ֣ôҶǳɵһʵ
ҶǳЦʧȥ˿ơ
䣡
ǽ̸ʱҶǳѾݺݵ
ս֡Ԫ䡢˾嫺˶ҶǳƸסˣֲк£ƷֱǧߵĴٲ涼ͬڵһ
ò˵Ҷǳһ̫ǿˣϾڵսȰʥ
൱ڰʥһ
սǴԪ˧ǿߣһ֮£Ҳʧȥ˰ĵڵϣʱˡ
ȻԭǵʵڱһλʥֱӴſ뻹ֵܵһ
ǣڴ˼˼ʮ꣬ѾĺܴƲأԲűҶǳһƴʧȥս
ղųƵǿһЩ˶ҪҶǳһˡ
Ҳǿǡ𿴵һĻЩ˵
ҶǳҲЩЦá
ڻս˶һĵʧȥս˻һϢ⣬˶ڵ
һҲ޷ڼɱˣʱס
ֻǣǴǻָж֮ɻɱ
ʱҶǳǵĻᶼûˣϾٳ֣ƲصĻս˿϶ֵסһ֮
ô죿ԱߵҶǳûһ취
ҶǳüͷҲ֪ô죬˻ãֱӴˣʹ򲻹Ҳߡ
ڣҶǳ֪Σ֪Σʲô
δ֪Ŀ¡
̽һΡ
Ҷǳ˵Ȼ߶Լһϸϸ̽¹
ǣû̽鵽һصĵط
ǲǵĵҶǳ֣ںǵ
ðɣȻҶǳΪãǵ˵ͷ
䣡
˺ܿʹ߶Լ˴ںϡ
ҶǳﵽκˣҲӽڣ˵һ޽ӽ߲ˡ
ϧˣٴ̽عʲôûз֡
ˣȻᱻǹصٿأ鹥أ
ȻҶǳ۾һ
һƻҶǳæԱߵ˵鹥ȥǣƣ˵ҿԽ鹥ǴϢ
ղ㲻Ѿ𣿡ɻ
Ҷǳҡͷһˣ˵ɡ
ҶǳʼһĽɱս֡


1446 ͨ
ȻͬǰͨϢڱϢ
Ϊ˱֤ȫҶǳֻǵһСȻԻսڵһĽǡ
ݣ
ҶǳĽսֵʱ
֪սǲǵùҲΪҶǳϵãҶǳ̽̽ģ֪ˣ϶ᡣ
ݣ
ĽĹٶȺܿ죬һգ֮˻սָǰڳȥ
ȻڴʱһεγɱĤסҶǳĽǰ
ţ
Ľܵ赲Ҷǳʱ͸Ӧˣ۾һϲȻжڣסҵĽ
𣿡ҲЦˣڷһͷ
ҶǳüӴ󹥻ȡ
ʼǿĽ̽
Ľǿ赲ҲԽԽǿ
ҶǳҧҧȫŻսɱȥ
ݣ
޴ޱȵĽЯӴɱս֡
ĽشʥħЩԪ˧ֵ˼Ρ
սڵ״̬ǵֵһΣᱻֱɱ
Ҷǳ۾Żս֣ҲЩˣҪǻսֱԼɱˣһӶİ
ǣôȻս˻ָһҪǾˡ
ҶǳûѡҲûʱˡ
ֻƴһѣս˵ˡ
ݣ
޴ޱȵĽݺݵشս֡
ǹصٴγֵ֣Ľ֡
һΣĽ̫Ӵˣʼͻơ
ͻƵĹУĽҲġ
ҶǳظоĽȻʲôܹӦԼĽսԽԽˡ
Ȼã
Ҷǳɵ۾һ
漴Ϣ
˵澿ʲô
Ҷǳ˵ͷ۾Żս֣ĸӦԼĽ
ֻҪĽԽսֵ壬Ӵսֵ꣬ôȻҲܴݸս֡
ڻսȻϢҶǳţսֻûʧȥʶֻϢָ
ʱһ̣·ú
ڣĽͻƵһٽ㣬ʣµһ˻սֵ֮ڡ
ɹˣ
ҶǳӦһĻʱϲɫ
ţ
ͬʱڵϢָĻս͵üͷһ壬ڸղţܵһԼֶ
ô£ղħȻֲܿҺǴôʱ䣬Ӧò鹥Ŷԡң̶ֳȵ鹥
ս롣
ڴʱһϤݶ
Ԫ˧
ҶǳĽӴսֵʱҶǳ
սֶʱһ飬ҶСӣ㣿㲻ǸŻһôԣ϶ǻþ
Ԫ˧ⲻǻþѾŻӷֿˡҶǳ˵
ǻսָţߵܣҶԾŻӵ˽⣬϶ô׷ҶС뿪㵽˭
Ԫ˧Ǵӻǿչ·½ģǲ̵Ľ⴦żҷֵġ
սֲԼҶǳֻýԼһЩ˵˳
ЩϤսֲɵöݵѵģҶСӣ
Ԫ˧ңþģ²ôණǰûĻþôܴңҶǳһЦŽ͵
սЦǸҲǽҲԣڵԷֶΣҪûþԸˣһɱҡ
Ҷǳæ˵Ԫ˧Ҿعڣȵĳڴ֮ǰѾԹ㣬ûôҲ鹥㡣ã鹥ܸԻҵ鹥ʧʩչһΣ̸
ԭҶǳоĽҪʧæսֽ¡
һΣ
ͻսֵͨҶǳԱߵ˵
˵ͷٴκ
ݣ
޴ޱȵĽٴη
һ֮ǰҶǳٴεͻս̸ֽ˵ʱޣҾͳ˵ˡ
ţսҲ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ˵һ˵أͿͺԪ䣬˾嫺ɱΪֹǡ
ȵȣҺɱսһʱ;ⲻܣһ֮󣬾˻þҸҲǣȻ˲ãħΧҡоͻȻǶˣڿѾΧˡ
ҶǳҡͷԪ˧Ƕ˻þ˵ħǺԪ˾嫺ǾҴȥģұҪץҴƺҾʧȥ˶Ŀƣ˹ǡ
ʲôս𾪡


1447 ջñ
֪ԼȻԪ䡢˾嫺ɱô꣬ͬھս־ֲһ¡
˵ҶǳϹ˶Ҫ붼ú¡
Ԫ˧ϢָҪħսȰ̽һʲô֮ΪʲôþģʲôҲ鲻Ҷǳ˵
սæ˵òˣǽʱ˼λƬȲس˹Ȼ㲽˻þþ֮Уһһľ޴ʯ
ľ޴ʯҶǳЩɻʵΪʲôʯ棿ˣλƬʲô
սҡͷ㻹һ㲻˽⣬˵λƬɣϵǿߣҲǻ飬ӵλֻλܳΪ񼶡
λƬҲ⣬λѵƬЩ˽ؾĿıΪ˵õλƬΪⶫ԰Ѹںֲͬĵ̤ʥ˾硣
˻
Ҷǳ굹һԭλƬôҪôҲѹֵʱսֵ˷׷׳һΣա
˭ʥĻԵǰҲȲɡ
ǿľ޴ʯ֮棬Ϊǽ֮ʱûп
սһЦҶʯжô󣬼ֱͨ쳹أôһʯ֪ǻþģǱþˣ֮ǰʱǶûп
ңʯ滹һŹһĹֻȻˣȴ޷

Ҷǳһɵ۾һ˵صһУþֻǶǵĿ飬ֻҪѧ˹ƽþ
Ҳ뵽ˣѧᰡսƵ
Ҷǳ˵ѹߣԿȻǸйأǿ϶ľҪܸߣ˵ɡ
԰ľﵽ˵Σǿˣ˵ܹɡսһϲæʯϵĹݹ
ݣ
ʱĽľˣҶǳһʩչĽ
ʱսҲ˹
Źֽջñ䡷ʯ˵ǻһԺĴйԺƺǳǿ۷ʱӵĴ󴫳Уšջñ䡷ֻ֮һ
սһ˵
ǹݣҶǳϸÿһַ
ս˵ûŹȷйأŹ츳йأ츳ߣѧÿ죬츳ͣʲôɾ͡
ҶǳҲ֪Լ츳ôֻö˵սִһŹƽþһܲɡ
˼ãҲԿЩȣ漴˵ͷ
Ҷǳ㽫ջñ䡷ݴ
Ȼ֮ǰҶǳٴʩչĽͨԪ˾嫺ϸǴҪսɱˡ
˸Ҷǳϵ󣬶ͻսһ־ϲҲЩ¡
֮Ҷǳ͸һšջñ䡷
ϥҽӽعֻ
ѾҶǳμ£һ㿪ʼŹ
ս˵ûȷһŻָͨĻͬ
ջñ䡷֮ǹһ磬ݱΪʵ磬ʵֱڴ̫ˡ
ΪʵֱˡҶǳ𾪲ѣŹжô£ڻ綼ǶĴС
ĴУǸԺȻӵ֣ǸǶôǿ
һ޴磬ҪǱˣԺҾֶһŵơ
ҶǳиˣʼŹ
ʱţþڵĻսɻָǶסҶǳĻԲûٴλɱ
ŲԶħ˶о֣ΪǺǱ˴ˡ
Ž̸ǷֶԷ˵ĻֻɿֲŭҪɱһ
֪ħݣҪٴɱˡ
û취ƽþֻͣԭز򡶿ջñ䡷ȴҶǳԮˡ

һŹǶʱڿԳɹģǡջñ䡷
һꡭꡭһꡭꡭ
ʱĿţսֵ˷ˣΪʱ䵽һǧ֮ǾҪ߳ȥ
ǻؾǾͲþԵֵؾ򣬵ʱǾˡ
ֻһλؾ֮УǾͰһˡ
Ҳ֪ҶСӻڲڣɲΪǰװ˷ʱ䣬ûΣգ뿪ɡϾһλؾҲףʲôûõͱ߳ȥˡս롣
Ԫ˾嫺ҲЩ˸޷ϵҶǳֻͨҶǳϵǣֻĵȴš


1448 
ˣ
֮Ҷǳ۾Ŀ͸һŨŨϲá
ΪѾѡջñ䡷ˣȻֻǿţϾˡ
ԿܾܲȳԪ˧ǣ
ҶǳվҲûдԱ߼򹦷𣬶ʩչջñ䡷۳һ磬ŲԶĵعֹȥ
ΪֻţҶǳǳªĽ飬Ȼʵڡ
ˣҲǳ󣬿õ˳ڻþӶʧȥս²õ˳УҲ˵ս
ף϶һλǰµĴУ⡶ջñ䡷ԷĻþɱԪ˧ˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ŵôԷ磬ʵˣ϶ӿ¡
ɴ˿ɼԷֻ¿飬󱲴УҪɱˡ
¡¡
˼֮䣬ѾסսڵƬشʱһ¶¹
Ҷǳ۾һɣȻþʵˣѹô̽鶼ֲˡ
ңþ¹ֻڵû֡
ҲûбþӰԭ
ǺհҿҺսɱǾûмǰˡȻĻһǽУʱ֮⣬˶Ҫɱ
Ҷǳһ¡
Ͼһþ棬ô˶ħ
ʱǿȰʥսսˣ𣬶Ҫɱ
ʱˡջñ䡷İϾ˶ѣʦѡ
䣡
Ȼһ޴ʯڻþ֮¶ȷǳ޴ѹֻս˵档
Ҷǳʯʯϵ̵֣ǡջñ䡷ݣԼһֹڴԺĽܡ
ûҶǳϸϸ޴ʯȻըѣһѤõĹâ
ЩâžγһӰ
Ӱģݣֻǿһˡ
󱲣Ȼˡջñ䡷ǱǻõԺĵӡǻõԺǴԺԺڶԺΪǻõԺӣħΪΣ˴ԺΪΡ
Ӱ˵·Ҷǳ
ݣ
Ȼƿ
һƣЩϤ
Ҷǳϸۿŷƾǵǽؾʱʥóơ
棬Ȼһġ֡
ǴԺƣƣȥѰҴԺҵֽң
ǰӰ˵ɢˡ
ǰʣµһô꣬վʧƬؼ䡣
ʧþҲʧˡ
еĻսҲ
ǰ¹ëһ䡣
ҶǳȻ𶯣ƣŻս˷ȥ
ҶСӣ
Ҷ֣Ҫлˡ
û뵽ǻܳлˣҶ֣

˶ӭ˹һм֮ɫ
Ҷǳĵ˾Ҫڴ˵ˡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ漴ԶһʬӦλԺǰʬֻѾɢˣһڻɻҽ
лǰ֮
Ҷǳذ˰ݣô˵Լˡջñ䡷õǿĹ
лǰ飡սҲ˰ݡ
Ҳǲʶ࣬ȻκΣգλǰ´У壬ˡ

ŷᴵʬѾʧ
ʬԱߣĿᾧƬÿһ鶼ȭͷСɢŨҵķ򲨶
ҶСӣλƬξǣЩӦ㡣ս˵
Ԫ˾嫺ȻЩģû˵ֻһ̾
ϾҶǳǣǻʲôʸҪЩλƬ
ҶǳĿλƬһ£㽫ֱ𶪸սˡ
⣿
սһ㶵ؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦ˵Ͼһһɡ
У̫ԿˡսҡͷȻλƬ
ԪҲڨڨǵȵģ⡭ʵǺհ
˾嫺û˵ҶǳĹϵԪͻս֡
Ҷǳֵûϵռ֮ⶫֲܰҳʥôǾòģǾ͵Ƿһ顣ٺ٣ǶʥˣǾʥˣ˵׬ˡ
ҶǳĻս˶һֻۣõ˵ͷ
ȻˣǾͺˣԺҳʥˣҿΡ
սһһ䣬ֱӷĵǾ֮λƬ֮
ԱߵĺԪ˾嫺ҲûԥҲʼģϾڳʥγ֣ʲô
οǷҶǳĶȷ̫ˡ


1449 
ս˷ģҶǳҲЩ⣬ûֹ
ҲĺˣͻսǵĹϵûкõֵزʱֵȷһЩá
ֵˡ
ңλδʥ˵֧֣ǲҲкô
Ҫ֪ԺɲʥˣǱ˵ʹӴ
ǺԪ䣬ıսʥڣԪԺսʥڵ
վԼһߣǲ̾һǿѡ
˵λƬǿѣҶǳ׬ˡ
Ҷ֣λǣ
׼뿪ʱ򣬺Ԫ俴ϥſڵ𣬶ʱʵ
ͷʵ̫Ŀˡ
սȴЦ𶼲֪𣿡
λԭˣԪȻȻ֪֮ǰ£ҶǳΪҶǳĹϵá
ֻҲǵһμ𣬱Ͼܵ͵ڹս¶棬ƽǳ
ҶǳЦ˵ζ˵ܽϢݸǡ
ŶսйâһزҶǳ仰˼
ԭҶǳǿģô鹥Ǹǿ
սֶʱ뵽˵Ĺսǰλûб¶鹥һսȴͻȻչֳ鹥ܹ
ͻȻãʱҶǳˣȻս֮Ҷǳôûأ¾ܻȥˡ
뵽ЩսֲɵһЦҶǳǸʱ򣬾ȻλԪ˧ˣˣˣˡ
ⶼǹȥˣսҶǳѣǷҶǳôĶ飬Ȼ׷£ʧҲֲս֡
Ҹһ£
Ҷǳ֪ԼеĻѾй¶˵ֵ飬˿ڽ𣬸սֵ˽ܡ
˶֪ҲС
ϾľΪܸߣעܹʥġ
ˣƬΪӦܹܶࡣҶǳ漴нʣµһƬݸ
ս˼״һֻ࣬оҶǳ̫ˡ
ôҪıȻ͡
ǣҲûƴǣֱӾƬлл˵
ȴ֪ҶǳĹϵѾҪ˵ʲôллˡ
λ뿪ɣֻʣٶˣÿ̽һȻջǾ̫ԿˡҶǳ˵
սֿЦѾ׬ˣǰЩ˽õһЩõλƬ˺١̫ˣû뵽̽ĵһżλƬ
Ԫ俴ҶǳЩڨڨҶ֣˼Ҳð̽ˡλƬѾҿԳʥˣҲûҪðա
ؾΣգѾʶˣνˣ˴ˡ
οղҶǳüʱҲҪ
ԣĲðˣϾѾõ˳ʥĻԵ
˾嫺Ҳ˵ǰ˾Ϊ˵õʥĻԵѾõˡ
ιҲ̫С˰ɣ
սֲˣߵˣǵõ˺ôҶСӿʲôûеõӦöҪ񼶲ϣҲҪҵ񼶲ϡ
Ԫ˾嫺Щ治ðˣ֮ǰðҲˣϾΪ˳ʥƴһѵǻеġ
ڣѾ˳ʥĻԵֻҪˣȻðա
ȻҲԼĲصЩҶǳԲҷս֡
ҶǳսֻҪ˵ֵԪ˧˵ˣҾúֵܺãڵȷʺٳȥðˣﰲͺˡ
ҶǳĻԪ˾嫺Ӹеˡ
ս̲ס˵ôУǳʥԵҲӦðҵ񼶲ϲС
ǺǣԪ˧СǣǵʵĶҰ󡣡ҶǳҡͷЦЦ漴չֳʥǿơ
ŵŵţ
ͻǿƣսֱӱʮһȻؿҶǳ
⡭ǰʥԪɴ۾š
˾嫺ҶǳȻﵽ˰ʥⶼҪʥˡ
ҶǳЦ˵еˣʵΪβܰѾŻӣ
Ԫһ룬԰ҶǳӵаʥʵŻӿ϶ôɷŹҶǳ
ҶСӣԽԽˣҶʵңҵǰˡսֿҶǳҲһ֮̾ɫ
ǿǰʥһɾ͵İʥʥֻ벽֮ңˡ
˵ĿԼ֤һλʥĴڡ


1450 ʧĹ
֪ҶǳӵаʥսսҲȥҶǳĻˣϾǵʵҶǳİ󣬷Ҷǳ
ǻսֵĻҶǳתͷ˵Ԫ˧˵ĲڵʵѾ㹻Լ̽ˣ㲻ҲһλƬɡ
ţ㲻Ҫҵ𣿡ɻ
սǰҶǳһҶǳںϣشʥǿߣǿ԰ҶǳĴæ
ҶǳЦ˵ڲҪˣѾˡջñ䡷Ȼֻǿţʩչ磬Ѿ˵սˣҵ鹥ˡ
ܹʥǿ߼սѯʵ
Ҳջñ䡷Ȼ֪Źǿֻûɣ֪жǿ
ҶǳҡͷҪԹ֪ÿһʥһһ֮Ӧÿɰɡ
ɣ۾һϲɣѾˡ
ԱߵĻսҲ̾ѡ
Ԫ˵Ҷʥսɵս¶ھŻ۷ʥˡ
ʵڻؾӦԱˡսҲ˵
˾嫺пĹϧǶûǸ츳
Ƕ⣬Ȼȥ֮󣬾ͰѹĬдԺ󴫸ǡ
˵ǵĺ󱲣츳ء
ȻʱͻȻɫһ䡣
ô
Ҷǳɻؿ
۾漴̾˿һʧȻԽǿĴУԽǲ׵õڸղţҷҶԡջñ䡷ݼǵԽԽˣ·ǡڣѾһСˣѸǡ
ľΪܸߣаɡջñ䡷ģϧûˡ

찡Ҳ
øϽ
սԣҲԸӦһ£Լԡջñ䡷ǵĲˣɵþ
սָǿʼ¼֣ǴϢֱӿдû취档
ϢʧдҲʧ
̫ˣҲûָо
ҶǳһĻɵþ
ЦΪˣԲŻŴУûɣûʸŴС
ԽǿĴУԽ࣬ĵˡսҲп
Ԫ̾Ϣˣǻ½̽ؾôˣӦҲ˻ùĹΪֹûȻΪûɣˡ
ǿϧˣ
˾嫺Ҳһʹϧ
ôǿĹϧû档
˵ҶǳҪвͨƣǴԺĵӣ
Ҷǳ뵽ԼõĴԺƣ룬ǵõλƬԼõıõġ
ԺƣԺʥˣؾǿԽëǽ
Ҳǲ̵һԵ

úҶǳ˸ǡ
ս֡˾嫺Ԫ䣬ǶλƬ
ҶǳǵİȫϾս˶ǴԪ˧ǿߣֻҪʥԱ϶
˵ʥ
ôȥˣһǧ֮ڶҪˣŻЩʥ϶ȥɫΣ̽ˣôܻ
Ͼںɫż࣬ҵ񼶲ϣѻƬ
Ҷǳ뿪ż֮Ҳźɫǰ
ʵҲʸ̽ƬΣˡ
λƬ˵ûôҪܹãǿ԰ëΪ
ҪĻҵ񼶲ϣֻҪܹҵʵٴˡ

ҶǳͿշУܿͽ˺ɫ
ʱ򣬾ǽؾѾȥ߰ˡ
Ҳ˵ֻʣʱˡ
ʱ䲢ǺܳҶǳץʱ·ƬΣյĺɫ̽
䣡
Զ
ҶǳСĵؽӽ̽飬˼½ɱһЩħ
ЩǳǿǿƻɱЩħȻڸ·Ƶģ̾뿪ˣսƷչΡ
ߣٲ߾ˡ
˴
ٶȺܿ죬һӾҪʧԶ
Ҷǳջ¶Ի֮ɫʲô飿ЩΪʲôôţ
עûҶǳ
Ҷǳ֮£Ҳȥ
ֻǽҶǳ˲ٻ½ˣڸһ
ڰ·ϣ̽飬֪һЩϢ
дż֣ʥ˼ħܶشˣĴ̣Լʥص˶̽żҡʥ


1451 ŭ
ʥ
ҶǳƤһ֪Ϣ𾪲ѣҲһѪڡ
ܳɹһ漣
Ϊڻ½ʷϣûгֹʥ֮ʥ¼
Ϊⲻܳɹʥ֮½ΪϣҲʥܣ
˻ᣡ
ԭʥ֮ǲʥΰҵλʥܵشǾͲһˡ
Ҫ֪ܹؾģв۷ʥЩδزܹʥ
ڴ
Ҷǳʷٸ·
ʢ£Բ
ο̽һż
ڶԻؾҲЩ˽ˣҪõ񼶲ϣֻڴż̽
СżǺѻ񼶲ϵġ
䣡
ȻгƵں󷽴
Ҷǳͷһʱͫһ
ֻһ;޴սӺ󷽼ٶȿ쵽˼¡
µǣսĴȫɼӲޱȵʥеĽɣԳʱЯſֲһ̫ɽײ
ңսϻķģǾʥ˼ķģɢ֮ܡ
˿µս¹⿿ײײԪ˧ǿߡ
ڣսֱӳҶǳײ
սϣŮƱյЦ
Щһ
Ҷǳŭ죬ŭ
սϵ˷ֲԷɺֱײȻǰϣû¡
Ͼ˻ΪϣͲȥ
¡¡
޴սԽԽǹǿϢЩϢ
ҶǳŻĹâĺһȭսܿ죬ˡ
ΪսһģɷġѪ¡֡
ȻĴеѪ̡
ؾսˡ
Ѫ̣
ҶǳҧѸٺƿսĳײ
¡¡޴սҶǳ˹ȥһɿϯҶǳ·졣
ԼԼأҶǳսϴĻڿ֮Ʈ
ϧûײ
ҪҪײһΣ
ˣҪ˷ʱ䣬Ӧöȥżˣǲٵˡ

Щ˵ĶԻҶǳζҪըˣֻ۾ðŭ
ԷǹײϧûײŰ裬治̵ĵӡ
ҶǳӹһĨڵɱ⡣
ǼɵһλʥǿߣǼɵѪ̵ıղžһȭȥˡ
ǣ̵ʵȻҲ٣ǲʱǲ
ˣ㣡
ҶǳĿؿսԶȥһ
Ҷǳٴ·ż
һ·˷ǳ࣬Ͼм˽ˡ
Ҷǳ㲻֪żλڣǸЩˣҵõ
Խ룬ҶǳоżڵλñԼĻҪԶȫִɫıԵˣӽƬδ֪ˡ
ĻǳӣնЩطҶǳҪСĽһȥ㲻ҲҪѲƤ
ҶǳۿһԪ˧ǿߣбһɽ緢ҽҽѪɫǳ¡
䣡
޴Ļɽ緢Ѫɫҽɢſֲĸ£ûɽĿռ䶼ڻˣһƬڰŤڶ
ҶǳһۣûΪľȥ̽Ҫȥżȥ̽ΣյĻɽ
ǲ
úһִѪɫ׵˺գӲٶȿ쵽˼¡
ҶǳֱܲУǿ׵˲ɳȥ
ߣҶǳƺһд𾪣ʥȫһˣﵽ˰ʥ𣬿¾Ҫˡ
Ļ̫ˣѹֱעΪɫ򡣡ҶǳԽɵˣ·ʱС
һ·ϣҶǳʬԽԽ࣬л½飬Ҳħеǿߡ
Щ˻û̽żڰ·ˡ
ò˵ɫΣֲ̫ˡ
Ҷǳﵽ˰ʥһ·Ҳоա
ڣǰܵϢٶˡ
ȻЩӻ½ˣۼǰ
Ҷǳٷ˹ȥʱһЩˣۼһվһСɽϣŲԶһż
żĺܴٴ˵ΪżĴţͿ֮ôһȥϾɵĽ
ֻЩﶼ֮ڣ濴ʣôʵ
żſڵ󷨣ҲҶǳ۽磬Ϊ󷨵̫ˣĶѻһһ
ȻҪżͱƵЩ󷨡


1452 ż
Ҷǳϸۿżǰ󷨣ЩȻ࣬Ѿܵݻ٣ҾµĴݲУܹѾˡ
߶Լ̽ȥҶǳŵ˽Щ󷨵ʥסֻΪһ´Ԫ˧Ԫ˧Ĵڡ
ЩʥأСǸħʥأ
ҶǳɵûܣȴܲɰʥǿϢǺŸϹġ
ֻ⼸ʥǾֻ˵ǰİʥѾȥˡ
ȻúҶǳʹԱϢ˵Żӡʮ߻ӣб̫ӣһʮλʥǿߣѾһ׷ɱħʥ˽ż
ЩˣȴϢЩʥԶԸħʥˣͻᷢźš
ûź֮Щ˲ҽȥϾֲεսǿԲģһ룬ֻȥѡ
¡¡
޴սȻͣҶǳԶĺ
Χˣ鲻ԽسŴ˵ؿ˹ΪҾ޴սϣһѪɫġ
Ѫ̣
ȻѪ̵ˣ
Ĵ̵˶ˡ

Χһ˽
Ĵ̣Ǿǻ½ͳߣԶ˲֪˲
ףǸ˵Сӣ
ȻһɫưӴսԶҶǳɵ¶һĨϷŰ֮ɫ
ȻϳҶǳ֮ǰ·ϣ㱻ײһˡ
ûбײȷˡһͬһư֮ɫ
֮󣬻꣬ǲվһâ¶
˶Ѫ̵ˣÿ˶һѪɫ·¶ưϢ·һȡ
ʵϣĴҲȷĵΪĴ̶ǿߣѹˣ޾һеˡ
ҶǳɫǳѿЩǼɵѪ̣һȭȥˡ
ΧˣҲɵѪ̣׷Զ˵ء
Ѫ̵ˣȻֱ˼ɵ̬ȣһư̧ͷ
Ѫ̵ĵѣ治֪ʲôҵȽȥһ̽ΣȻԶһ
תͷȥڲԶһɽϣˣƺڰʹߣϸûз֣һɵ
ļһ
һѪ̵ĵӵĿЩɵ
Ĵ֮У˼ɵΪһͨɱںڰ֮е
ʵϣںܶǰһλɱֽġ
˵λɱֵõһżĴУ֪ڵʱһڻĻ½
ֻǺħ֣ֻ²Ƶż
λ˵õżɱ֣õ˰һִУڻ½µİ
ԭǰĵѣǾһɣΪ׵һλѪ̵Ц˵
ټǳԨ̣Զ˲Уһƿֲ˲С
ǺǣӦ̿ɲһô£վӣ¶ţɢһɰ
˰ԾĴ̵˶ˡ
ȻλѶڣǾһɣɱȡΪ׵Ѫ̵ӿ˵
ͬʱҵȴһ˳żڷȥ
Ҷǳ۾˶ǰʥǴԪ˧
̣ҲӵλʥǿԾ
û뵽Ĵ̵ĵô񡣡Ҷǳ뵽
Ҫ֪ν˵УҲʮ߻Ӻ;Żʥѡ
Ȼֻǻ塢塢ʥңЩ֮Уδûаʥֻûʸؾѡ
Ĵ̲һÿζֻǶǿԼĵͽĥ
䣡
Ĵ̣λһЩ󷨡
ǶǰʥʵЩƵ󷨸޷赲ǣ̤ơ
ܿ죬Ǳʧżڡ
ĵȴţңңżڵϿա
ҶǳҲûŽȥ϶о֮սɲ뼱Žȥֿԣٽȥˡ
˵˱Ҷǳû⣬ħʥأҲһʱܹնɱġ
ңôʥǸΪУɵһħʥˣǾҪȴһܻᰴ䱦
ҶǳҪȹؼʱٽȥ
䣡
úһҵĲɫżڸ߿ը졣
źţ˷ܵؾ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦĴ̵ǰλʥȥ֮İʥʵѹסλ˵ħʥˡ
䡭
һǿ߳żڡ
ҶǳҲ⣬Ҳ뿴λħʥˣ˵ҲлһʥĴҵ


1453 
Щʥֱײڳ˳Ҷǳ֮⣬ֻǴԪ˧Ԫ˧ֻһƽ󷨡
ʧޣֲƲǵʵֻҪһʱ䣬ƽҲס
ҶǳҲûͻҲһƽ󷨣ΪЩһɣǾһϣױѡ
Щ󷨴ĵΣڵΣǰӦˡ
Ҷǳǿ󷨵ٶȺܿ죬ֻǰûôټʱ䶼ˣûҪϷչͳΪһ󷨴ʦˡ
ڣЩһױѵ󷨣Ҷǳ۾һ
ͺñһţһӵõϵͳԵ֪ʶҶǳӴѧȻǳѸ١
ԣҶǳûչֳʥʵǵһżڣǰˡ
ͻȻҲ˵ע⡣
ţһ˭Ȼô죡
Ϊ߰ɣ
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧𣬰׳ղŻо󷨣ͻƳʥ

һЩҡҡͷ
˵ʥ֮£ֻҪûϣʥˣоΪ̫ʱˡ
ңû˵ܹ󷨳ʥġ
Щʥˣڴﵽʥ˲κ󣬲Żо󷨡
Ϊʥ˼޵ˣӵӴеʱо󷨣ǿԼս˳ΪԼźͼ챣ֶΡ
ԣҶǳΪߣ˲ûжĽ֮ɫ
ߣȡ֮С󣡡
ԶѪ̵еһߵĿƳҶǳһۣ¶һĨм֮ɫ
ܵͣڳˣʵԪ˧Ƕõ
û⣬ϾǺҶǳֲ졣
οû˸Ѫ̡
Ҷǳ
ǸŻһ𣿡
֣Ȼһ˾͸

ȺУҲʥʥǣϳҶǳ¶֮ɫ
Ҷǳֻ֪ͨǿ鹥ȻսԪ˧
ʵ̽ǺΣյġ
ЩԪ˧ǿߣǸ˹ģҶǳж
鹥ǶֱֲɱˣʲôΣգҲûʲôô
ڵˣ
˿̣Ҷǳ󷨣ԽԽ˷ܡ
ȻûʲôȤϵͳ󷨣ȴ˺ô
ȻûȤǲһȤأؼһƬϵͳԵ󷨣ֱǽ̿飬ֻҪҽǼ¼Ժǲ̾󷨴У˵һܵһλ󷨴ʦҶǳ뵽
󷨲ҪǶһǿ˵ȴز١
Ͼ󷨼֮ս󣬻챣ɽŵĻɽ󣬶ǷǳҪġ
ѵĺûᣬҶǳȻ˵ֻǼ¼һѡ
ӴԽʥˣ޽ӽ񼶱𣬲󷨷ǳס
Ϊ󷨣ķѵıԽǿĳɾͱԽߡ
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧
Ҷǳһ·񣬼۷壬ӽżˡ
ȻҲҶǳԶ
⵹Ϊ˵ΪߣΪģҪʱ󷨣ֻҶǳһ㡣
ʥ
ҶǳǰѾﵽ˰ʥΣ赲ס
Щ̫ˣټʱʴ̫ˣЩԪ˧Ķûʲôв
ϾؾеżɶǴӵʱħսʱġ
ʱȥ̫ˡ
ʥˣ
Խ˰ʥε󷨣Ҷǳ̤ʥ˲ε󷨡
ȼЩˣѾƣʧޣѾܹΣյԪ˧ˡ
ЩԪ˧ǿߣҪһЩԪ˧Ųܽȥ
Сӣҿ㻹ܼܲϳ壬Σ˰ɣͻȻһϷŰ
ҶǳͷһȻѪ̵ĵӣһ¶Ц֮ɫ
Ҷǳǣʥ˼󷨣˿ʲôʵûһΣգʥǿȫ󷨵Ĺ
Ҷǳ֮ͣʱֻ࣬о󷨶ѡ
Ҷǳһͣ˶ʱ͸ˡ
ʥ˼󷨣ѾһˣҶǳֻҪȥԽżˡ
䣡
ͻȻ󷨴ҵĲһǿ˺󷨣Ҷǳڵ󷨺
Χ˶˹׷׶Ҷǳ¶֮ͬɫΪ֮б˹³Բá
οǵУҶǳֻһԪ˧ѡ
СӣοôֵѪеһˣһЦؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ̧ͷĿ¶ɱ⣺Ҳֻ𣬼ȻҾͳȫǣ


1454 
Ѫ̵곤磬絴Ŀưޱȣ֮д֮ɫ·һȣû˷
ȻΪѪ̵ĵӣȷֽıǮϾѪĴ̣ͳλ½ľŴ֮һЩʥضǿˣһֱڻ½۷塣
Ҷǳͷŭڣһֱãû뵽һȻôߣֱŰ
Ҳֻ𣬸οҶǳͲԸ֮ˡ
֮ǰɵѪ̣ĻѪ̵ͷ
޵УҶǳһֱֵ
¡¡
֮У񱩲ֹ
ΪԶǸѪĳ֣󷨵ıֲչֳҶǳûˡ
˿һĻЩͬҶǳ֪Ҷǳһ١
ԶһЩʥʥǣĿ˸һ£ȴסˡ
ǵǷҶǳһ飬ⲻǻҶǳԿѪ̣Ͼǿ̣ʥؿԿġ
λʦ֣˵һΣСӻ𣿡
Ѫ̵꣬ϷŰɨҶǳڵһۣתͷѪ̵ʵ
һЦ˵ˣҪԴСȻ˻Ϊǹ۸ˡ
˭ָѪ̣һͷĹˣĿ𺣬ͬǻӣΧˣڴ󣬶Ծߡ
кܲˬԷѪ̣Ҳ鷳
ϾҶǳǰ֮ǰ

Ѫ̵˼˲ɵЦ
ʵǲŰ裬ֻҪҶǳѪ̵ĺպ
ʱ򣬵Ƚż֮Уڱ˸ᱦ֮ʱͻɵ
ΪԪ˧ǿߣǻ£֮ЩһŰأ
ֻǿǵǺܺõģĶѡˡ
䣡
Ѫ̵ӼʵǵʱһҵȭͷЯųȭ⣬·ƺڰĹâ֮ȭݺݵ֮ǰҶǳֵꡣ
ʲô
ôܣ

Ѫ̵Ӽ״ʱ
ΧҲ¶ݣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶǳȻûҸûһ˳ҿʼ
أ
ҶǳȭͷжԷ󷨣Ҳƻ˶Է󷨣󷨱Ǽ͵ƴһûѪ̵ĵӡ

󵨣
㲻𣿡
Ѫ̵ĵܻش
Ȼ󷨿ǳֲǿҵΣ
Ͼʥ˼󷨣̫ƣʧޣһ˲ɱǡ
ˣɻвٻ뱻ز
Ű裬ΪѪһͳ½𣿵һˣ̵ڶһȺ֪Ķ
Ҷǳ֣ȵ
֮еѪ̵ԣɵŭ죬˫׺ݵĿ⣬·ҪҶǳɱ
Χ˿ʼãԸǣ
һЩĿؿҶǳЩ𾪣ƺû뵽ҶǳȻôӲضԿѪ̵ĵӡ
Ҫ֪˵Ѫ̱ǿ󣬱ϾǻؾѪǿҲв档
ǣż棬ǻλѪ̵İʥѵ˲壿
֪ˣҶǳǸռ֮ͨ鹥Ҷǳ
ͻȻȺһ
ȻϳҶǳ
ʱ˶һƬݣҶǳд֮ɫ
Ϊ
찡ȻǸҶǳռ֮ôӦֻһѣôôǿ
Ͳ֪ˣѾԪ˧
ûʲôӣôҶԿѪ̡

۷׷ס
۵ʱѪ̵ĵҲ˳ԵЩǱ˽ǻͷ
ȻûˣɫѿΪжˡ
ⲻǶǵǶѪ̵
裬Ѫϴˢ
СӣˣĳҲɡ
˵Ѫ̵ĵӣϸֳһѪɫսף׺ݣĿԣŨܵķ˿ɢһɿ͵ֱ˶
ΧɫأǸܵ˵ƣ֪һλʵǿĴԪ˧һǴԪ˧вĴڡ
Ͼ̣ߡ
𣿹Ҷǳ俴Ŵˣָ˹һм
Ѫ̵ĵӣʱȻŭ
һ̷ȵϻˣһСѣ츳ٸߣҲֻһֻϡ
Եֵ鹥ɡһ˵
Ѫɫս׵ֱǰһ̤Ҷǳ⣬һ˫ưĿ⣬ţɱһӡ


1455 Ե
һѪɫս׵ǳǿơԵ˵ֱֱ֣ӳŶҶǳɱĿɭȻĮ˷ڵɱ⡣
ȻѾﵽ˴Ԫ˧۷壬Ҷǳѹָâ䣬ޱ񽣣ɢʽ˺ѵء
ͣ
䣬âѤ
񽣺գ̴ռ䣬ҫ۶Ŀ
һǿ񼼣ֲָܺܿΪ񽣣ҪҶǳɱС
Χս˾Զݣ¶ɫܹʹ񼼣ʵֱ֪ͨ쳹ء
Ȼ뵽˵ݣҲܹ⡣
ϾѪǻ½Ĵ֮һĴ̺ǻ½ǿ
ΪǵжǿߣһλǿȻ̻ӵǿ񼼡
ˣ˲Ż뾡һа취̡
䣡
ѪɫսĹҶǳ˫ɷǳŵرֻһţʣµʥ˼󷨶ʱһƬ貵ĹĻ񽣵ǰ
䣡
£ʢȻֲܣȴ޷вסҶǳ󷨣󷨵һһס
ʲôѪɫս꾪ɫ䣬ƺû뵽ҶǳȻԲٿ󷨡
ҶǳѾ͸Щ󷨣ټЩ󷨲ƣʧޣԱƿء
ȻԲٿ󷨣ΪȻﵽֵز
ԶһЩս¶֮ɫ
ȻҲ˲мСȻԽ󷨣ȥܼ֮𣿡
ҲԣվСΪսʱû˻ɵøʱ䲼󷨡
ԣ󷨵ôػŵġ
ֻ󷨣ԸҶǳʹãԲЧ
СӣΪ󷨾ֵܵסҵĹ𣿡
۵ʱѪɫս׵ٶϮй£һɽǰ󷨹Ļѹ
һǿ񼼣֮ǿԶղŵ񽣡
䣡
ɽư磬ɽħ˻ԶʱսݣʱֻأԶʱ١
˿ֲܣùսޱȣĵѪ̵ĵӣ־ǲ
ڳȱٴԪ˧ǿߣԼΪȽϣ֪һĿܣûſԵֵ
Сӣʶ㣬ֻԪ˧ѣΪһƾɵ󷨾ܻס𣿡
Ѫɫս곰гӡ
ǿƱһƽһƺǰ󷨹Ļؿõ󷨹ĻѾ˱ıԵ
٣СӣɣѾ¶ĵӺ;塣
ѪɫսһϷŰ˵
ȻԼʵţûҶǳԪ˧
أ
ڱˡ
ҶǳȻҲ¶ѪɫսɻǣҶǳвû˿Ӻ;⣬¶ĳ벻м
ߣȥɣ
Ѫɫս겻ٶԣֱһƺɱǸղŵɽЯſֲܣҶǳѹ
ȻҶǳ˷û󷨣ֱӳ˳ȥһӣ͵ץסѪɫսƣȻһ
ۣ
һĲҽѪɫսƱӲ飬Ѫգ֫ضǡ
Ҷǳ˫һץֱӾͽѪɫս˺Ƭ͸˺һֽƵġ

ѪɫսҽУŲˣҪӳҶǳĹΧ
ڷǳңֻʣ°߲Ŀ⿴Ҷǳʱг˾Ϳֲ
һľֱӱ˺Ƭ˱ֶΣҶǳһµĶħľ
ΧսˣͫһǴһȻû뵽ҶǳʵȻôǿ׾پͽһԪ˧ǿߵ˺Ƭ
ҶǳûʩչʲôֶΣһγ֣ͿԿĿֲʵ
һץ׽һԪ˧ǿߵİ˺ˣԪ˧
аѣղ˭˵Ԫ˧ǴԪ˧Ŷ԰ɡ
СӣԭϻҪңƣںڰĵ֮гһǧꡣ
Ѫɫս
ͬʱתعȫɫĹâһǿѸ޸
Ƭ֮䣬ѪɫսͻָϣĿɭȻضҶǳͳгɱȥɣ
ٴˣѾҶǳΪͬεĶ֣߶ǿ֮ݺݵغҶǳ
䣡
һɫ䣬Ѿһλ۷Ԫ˧ǿսˡ
Χ˶ڵˣ±ǣȥ
ֻҶǳЦ֮ɫмһˡ


1456 նɱ
ѪɫսΪѪ̵ĵӣټݲͣеȻǳǿһʥϵĶ
¡¡
ɣ£һԲĵУܾ
ǲ
֮ռ׷ѣƱշѹ磬һµ֮ۡ
Сӣȥɣ
Ѫɫսɱ죬ҶǳɱΧ¶ȶƱɱɨһ㡣
Ȼһ̣ϵЦݶʱˡ
Ϊʥ˼󷨣ҶǳĲٿ£ǿĹ
䣡䣡䣡
³ҵ⣬ƿ޵񽣣貵ĹЯſֲܣݺݵغе
أ
ܾʥ˼󷨵赲£Ȼʱڽסˡ
ʲôѪɫսɫ̣ɴ۾ԵЩš
ΧսˣҲԾŴ͡
˭Ҳû뵽ҶǳΪȻôߣͬʱٿظʥ˼󷨡
һ޵ˣ
Ͼﻹкܶʥ˼󷨡
һʱ䣬˿Ҷǳʱж˼ɵ֮ɫ
á
춯֣
Ѫ̵ĵӼһĻɫ䣬׷׾æٿɱ
ȻѾˡ
ҶǳѾżɱֳʥٶͻƹ٣;Ŀռ䶼˺ˣ֮䱻һ蹵ᴩ类һ񷡣
ৣ
УҶǳѪɫս׽ʥ貵ĹâһƬҵĽ֮УѪ̵ĵӱ˺Ƭ
Ѫ׷ɣһƬ
һλԪ˧ǿߣǰ
Ҷǳ߿գеʥųҵĽâΧĺڰɢһɳĽ⣬ɢĩռ⾳
˺ȻһȻȻնɱһλѪ̵ĴԪ˧ǿߣҪѪ˺ˡ
ǻɱҲˣϾڻؾڣɱ¾ǺģҲĶԹȥ
ҶǳһûʲôǿıðѪ̣ǾΪ
ˣɱѪ̵ӣ̷Ѫ̵ɭҶǳɱ
һѪ̵Ҳ˵ΪỤס㣿ǿɲͷѪҪɱˣû˿Ի
ĬȻ֪Ѫֵط̺ڻ½ûܹѪ̿⡣
ǿʥأʱҲҪ˱ᡣ
˵𣿡
ĮؿŶѪ̵ĵӣҶǳ˵ˣǾ·ɡ
Ѫ̵ĵһ㶣ΧҲһ㶡
ܿ죬ǾͷӦˣһͫŵصɴ۾
ҶǳɱһѪ̵ĵӲȻʣµҲɱ
⵨ӡδҲ̫˰ɡ
䣡
Ҷǳ˵𾪣һ䣬Ѿˡ
ҵĽգ貵ĽâʥϼһɺƵܣһӵҲ񷣬ڲݡ
ͬʱʥ˼Ҳ׷ױ貵ԣѪ̵ĵӽɱȥ
ͬʱٿʥ˼󷨣ҶǳĿǰļޡ
˴˵ص󷨣ҶǳһСһԾΪ󷨸ֻ֣Щʥ˲泬ˡ
Ҷǳֱ죡
ųźţλʥʦնɱ
Ѫ̵ĵӴ
ݣһ貵źŹͨɫѪ۶˺գᴩ񷣬ڸ߿γһѪ֡
Ѫ̵źţһѪ̵ĵӣϹԮ
ȴˣż֮УɲѪ̵İʥһ˵ʥ˼ħ
ԣͷųźţǲûѪ̵İʥǰԮ
ˣ
Ҷǳ¶Ц֮ɫ
䣡еʥҫˣһҵĽâ˺գն̷Ѫ̵ӡ
ʱѪ̵ĵѾʥ˼Χɱ޷ܡ
Ҷǳɱ֮Ƕ̷æٿӭȥȻҶǳľǰʥֱɳȥ
Ҫ֪ҶǳǴﵽ˰ʥټʥܣôһԵֵġ

ʧȥ̷ʵΧʥ˼󷨻Уҽ
Ҷǳ⼤䣬ɱôõĻᣬȻ͵رƽеʥӳʱһѪܵԴ
ס֡
ʣµһѪ̵ӵ۾ŭ
ѾˣǿѪܵԴֱԱߣһ˫۾ɵúܴĿ
ˣ
ҶǳĿ⿴һѪ̵ĵӡ
ȻѾˣȻ飬ɱһɱʵûʲôֱ𣬶ǸѪΪС


1457 ż
Ҷǳ㵱ҪѪΪУ
ҶǳǽʣµһѪ̵һɵõ۾ɫغȵ
λʦֵܲҲˣ֪ԼԲҶǳĶ֡
Ѫ̵λʥȴٳûйԮѾˡ
ΪΣ
Ҷǳ˵
ɱһѪ̵ĵӣɱѪ̵ĵӣѾûʲô𣬶ǺѪ̽ˡ
Ŷ¶Ѫ̵ӣҶǳҡҡͷúõżȥ̽ҪŰ裬ֵܹ˭
˵⼸Ѫ̵ӵҵġ
ڴ֮ǰҶǳѪ̿ûһԹڰ·ϱǲײϣҶǳ̹ȥ
ϧԽ̣˾Խű
ȻˣǾȥɡ
ҶǳɱⱩǣΧ¶ֱкӳȥ
ɱ
ʣµѪ̵Ӵһֱȼѡƴˡ
䣡ȫ߶ɱҶǳۼԼ۷ǿһ
ըѣ籩ϯһƬ
ƴ֮µѪ̵ӣ˾˵սܹһ㣬ⷽ綼ս
䣡
ҶǳٿΧ󷨣Ŵ˺ȥǣסԷ
ȻڵսȫԿɱѪ̵ĵӣǼȻԽ󷨣Ϊʲôã
Щִȥûһ£ʡ
οҶǳڲٿЩ󷨵ʱ򣬻ܼԼ󷨵⣬ԼΪֶΪ
Ա
Ѫ̵ĵӼԼǣסˣһݣţ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬û뵽˹ϡ
䣡
ըֲϯΧҶǳٿص󷨾Դݻ١
ǳҶǳ
ߣ
ҶǳһȥǰնҵĽâѪ̵ӵ嶴
սƷҶǳὣǰ
ΧҲʼжû˹̸ҲûٸҶǳ鷳ˡ
Ǽ̵ĵӣҲҶǳ˼ɵ
ΪҶǳչֳʵԱȴԪ˧Ҫǿӽʥˡ
ʵ˰ʥ˭ҵ
һֻһ𣿡
ֲ̫ˡ
ӵ츳ǿֲռ֮ľֿµ츳

һЩš
˵ҶǳǰֻĻôڣҶǳѾЩǿ֪ˡ
һУҶǳŲʣо˵ص󷨡
ٽһʥ˼֮ڽż֮С
ż֮ڣһƬǲƵĽ
֮⣬֮лſֲսۼļ¡
Χĵ򣬱һǿˡ
Ȼʥ˼ħĺۼ
ʥˣĴڣһһӰ֮
ǴΧĺۼҶǳ͸ܵʥ˵ĿֲԲһܹġ
սۼһ·ż
˾
ʱҲͨſ󷨽ż
кܶԪ˧ǿߣȻ۹
ߣҲȥ˵
Ҳ㣬սۼżȥ
ҶǳȺ֮УҲżȥΪ⸽ûʲôмֵıȻûʲôô
һЩ˿ҶǳҲȥ¶֮ɫ
һѵͲѪ̵ʥ˵˵
ǲżڵı˵ʵʥδؿɱЦֻϴֻ֮ɫ
ҶǳĿɨһۣʱһɵڨڨر졣
ûǣҶǳǰ
úսˡ
Ҷǳ̽̾ͷǰһ֮ս
һȺʥΧһʥ˼ħƺѾѹסʥ˼ħβ
Щʥ֮УҶǳһЩˣʮ߻ӣоŻӣбλ̫ӡ
һʮλʥÿһǳǿлмﵽ˰ʥ۷塣
ǶǳԴӵеҲһ֮£Ȼһ˵ħʥ˸ѹסˡ
ѹѪ̵İʥڲ֡ҶǳЦ
Ѫ̵İʥҲΧʱ޷Ҳ᲻ȥԮҶǳնɱѪ̵ˡ
찡ǾȻѹסλħʥˡ
Ҫʥˡ
ǿֲ

Χ
ȻҲ˷ǰսһ¶֮ɫ
ʥǻûмأȴǿԴ۸ˡ
ǰһ˲ټǰˣΪٹȥǾҪǣȥˡ
漰ʥ˲εսɲЩԪ˧Ԫ˧Բġ
˭ɱѪ̵ӣ
ͻȻѪ̵İʥеһ˴ȵĿɨˣɱڡ


1458 ¶ʵ
֮ǰѪ̵ӷųźţȻѪ̵İʥˣֻΪҪΧɱħʥˣһʱѲ
ңİʥڲΧɱħʥˣӦûаʥŶԡ
ʦܣȻǰʥǴԪ˧۷ǿߡǾã֣Ӧ㹻Ա˰ɡ
ֻû뵽Ǻܿ͸ӦԼλʦܵ䣬ЩţͬʱҲеŭޱȡ
ҪΧɱħʥˣͳȥ뿴˭죬ɱѪ̵ĵӡ
˭
еûӳ𣿡
Ѫ̵İʥһ߼Χħʥˣһ߽ĿĿɨˣɱ
Ǳ˵Ŀ⣬ȺеһЩˣؿҶǳʶĶ
ȻҲȺеҶǳгˣѪ̵İʥ˲ҶǳĿ֮Уɱ⡣
˭
ΪɱѪ̵ӣ
Ŀ⣬Яɱ⼤ѱĵ棬˺ա
Ѫ̰ʥĿ⣬֮˿µĺۼɱתʵµĺۼ
ڳ˶ֱǵĿ⣬ΪǿİʥǿԿġ
Ҷǳ޾ӭʥĿ⣬漴˻֣ʱһƬ޴ĹĻڰ¶
ײȥײСӡ
ϧˣû뵽Сӵôá
ҪҪײһΣ
˰ɣȸȥżϡ

Ļ֮У¶Ļ棬֮ǰڸżʱѪ̵ĵӣʻսײҶǳһĻ
Ѫ̵İʥϤĻ棬ɵһ㶣ϳҶǳɫʱԭ㣡
ڳˣҲ˰¶Ļ棬˶üͷ
û뵽ҶǳѪ̾ȻĹڣô˵Ҷǳ֮ǰѾǺˡ
ৣ
ʱеĻٶȱ仯֮ǰѪ̵ӹֶԸҶǳһĻ¶
ٴο棬ڳ˵üͷǿѪ̰ʥĿ⣬Щˡ
ΪⴿѪ̵ǣɱȥˡ
Ѫ̵İʥƺҲܵ˵Ŀ⣬ɫǳѿޱȡ
ʵ̫ˡ
˲Ҳˣңɱ⣡
Ҷǳ棬ӭѪ̰ʥĿ⣬ޱȣ˵
ԣһ塣
ôֱԿʥȷӲ
ң֮ǰλ棬ȻѾվҶǳߡ
٣ڵվҶǳһߵġ
Сӣ
һѪ̵İʥѾ̲סˣٹ˼ʲô棬ֱӺһƣҶǳ
ǳֲӿƺƵ񷣬Ƽĳӣݺݵس
أ
Ƹǲ񷣬ͬһ̩ɽѹֲ˸еһѹȸС
ܵһĿֲ˷׷׺ˡ
һλʥĹǴԪ˧Ҳֵס
ֻҶǳվԭأһƣһȥ
䣡
Ⱪǣâ£һҵĹ񷣬Ǽľƶ˺ѡ
˻
Χ˿һĻǵһףԭҶǳѾﵽ˰ʥѹôе
ԶЩΧħʥ˵İʥǣҲȵؿҶǳһۣ¶֮ɫ
ʶҶǳʮ߻ӣмҶǳһı̫ӣһš
ŻɫѾ֪Ҷǳʵ뵽ҶǳϷˣоһ
ʥ
Ѫ̵İʥɫҶǳĿдţȻûϵҶǳȻҲһʥ
ѹôţԭҲﵽ˰ʥ𡣡һѪ̵İʥ˵ɱˡ
Ҷǳ˵ţܱȵѪ̣˲ˬֱײŰ裬Ѫ̳Ƶڶ˭ҳƵһ
СӣΪǰʥǾɱ𣿡һѪ̵ĵɱ
Ҷǳ˹ָҵҪɱң
Ѫ̵İʥ۾۷֮мǿϢҲ
ҪģȽħʥˣ
ڴʱһȴ
һλǿ۷ʥֹѪ̵ʥ
俴ҶǳһۣǵĶԹɱħʥ֮Լȥ
Ҷǳ÷վһûвⳡսΪЩʥѾսóȻȥֻս
Сӣȶһ
ɱ㣡
Ѫ̵İʥվûм֣Ϊһ뿪սƵˣʱħʥѣǾͻΪ֮ˡ


1459 ջ
ҶǳѪ̵İʥûм֣ҲʥҰ֡
ϾΧɱħʥҪ˭ҵңͻΪڵУܵʥΧ
ħʥ
ŲԶľսҶǳһθܵʥ˼ǿսħʥ̫ǿˡ
ΪˣҪڳʮλʥһ֣ܽѹ
ϸħʥˣҶǳħʥ˺ǳ÷ǳͬԴֱֻۣ²Ƭֻ۾ĵģа
ֻǴ˿̣ħʥ˵ֻԴˣֱֻҲˣܵشսŻ
ʮλʥսǿӳʥ˼սѹסħʥˡ
һսҲһ־սͿ˭ĵˡ
ʥܹǿޱȣӦ߶ܱ˾˵
ҶǳϸսħھͿһʥ֧ţŻǶʮʥһ֣֮һһħʥ˵ʥֵסˡ
ʥ֮ǿ˹
ħʥ̫ܵأ޷ȫ߷ʥܣڳôʥĶ֡
ɴ˿ɼһʥжôǿѹǻʥ֮Ϊϡ
ڻ½Ҳδ˵ʥ֮¿췥ʥ֪Ժܲõ
Ҷǳ˸а뵽
лټǰøѧġջñ䡷ټǿԼռ
ôƾۼΪǿİʥֻǲ֪ܲ췥ʥ
䡭
ڴʱԶֲ
ѹħʥ˿ʼˣ֪Լ޷ߣʼһеؽзҪǰ˵汳
Żйâ䣬ȵȶ󷨣ͻƵĻᣬҪɱĥ
İʥ˵ͷ
ݵλʵǻ½ġ
ǻۣ˭˵Ǹߣ
ԣԵòŲңʤֻȹ󷨣ħʥ˵ʵ
ħʥҪǼезȻҴ˶
Ҷǳ֪ħʥˣʥҵˡֻûвУЩź

Ȼѹħʥ˴Ц˵ע⡣
һֱΪħʥ˶û˵⻹һο˵
ҪɱңǺǣǻˣ˽̰޷ص㡣
ħʥɭȻЦ
ǰԳݸ߹ԲԸǰЩϽ̸ȴҪȺУ޷ܡ
ҼҲֻڻʥУȺʲôȥħ۱£
ħʥа롣
ɻؿħʥˣ֪һʲôѵҪģ
ŻߵͷҪ𣿡
ϻˣɱ
ʥǰҵһҪСġ
Ҫʥ

ʥǶΪ׷Į˵
ǵ־εȼᶨȻҪնɱħʥˣôԷ˵춼ûá
ǺǣҪɱǾͿǾɱҪЩҪ
ħʥĿӵɨһۣ漴ʲôһ͵һҧֱ̧׳Ʒ
ݣ
ЩƷǿ˷ȥ
ȻЩƷ׳ȥٶȺܿ죬ħʥ˲û赲ɢϢҲûи˵̽顣
ԣڳˣ˲֪ЩƷĵϸ
찡λƬ
ֹһλƬ
ʲôûǣ񼶲ϣ

˷Ⱥ
һ̣˶ˣ׷׳ԼеƷȥ
һ߸λƬһ񼶲ϣ˷ı˭ֵܵջ
䣡
ҶǳҲ룬㳯Ǳǿס񼶲ϳȥйâ䣬
񼶲ϣڿˣҪ̤磬
Ҷǳ˷ܲѣ峹ױʥչֳٶȿ쵽˼¡
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ڴʱЩԭΧħʥ˵İʥǣҲս󣬷׷׳Щȥ
ʲô֣ʲôʥҵ
ھԵıջǰû˿Եֵ
һЩʥԵֵջ󣬵ֻҪһʥֵסջսͻᱻƵ
ЩʥΪ֪һ㣬Զ˼ΧɱħʥˣȫԼеıȥ
ÿһкüʥ
ħʥ˽һЩͳɹˣЦؿԶ׷űȥˣɭƻָǵڣ
˵꣬屩𣬳ԶӶȥ
֪뿪ȵЩʥõ֮󣬻ɱ


1460 
񼶲ϣһҪõ
Ƶż֮УҶǳʲôҲˣֻʣǰȥĹţΪһ񼶲ϣıƷ
ؾô꣬Ҷǳûһ񼶲ϣֻʣһˣʱ䲻ˡ
񼶲ϣ¾Ҳûˣȵ´ؾͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
οܲһֱѹΪͻƳʥɡ
һʥ޷ٽؾˡ
񼶲ϣܿΨһԽƷ
ҵģ˭ܸ
Ҷǳһ屬˼£;ͨʱ֮Ϳռ֮ٶ֮оԵơ
ټǿҶǳٶȸӳˡ
ο֮ǰûвΧɱħʥˣλʥ֮еһӦİʥ
ȻҶǳӽ񼶲ϵˡ
ЩԪ˧Ԫ˧ͱ˦Զˡ
ֻǰ񼶲ϵٶ̫ˣϾǱʥ˵ţٶ֮죬Խ
ҶǳҲֻǿں棬֤˦Զ
ħʥ˵϶֮ʱٶȱȻҶǳ۾ǰ񼶲ϣа뵽
䣡
ڴʱ󷽴˼ɿֲϢ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ź̽ӹȥʱĸʥ׷оһϤѪ̰ʥ
Ȼ˶Ϊ񼶲϶ġ
Ҷǳûнţ֮УȻЩʥ˵λƬһЩ
Ͼ񼶲ҲֻЩʥãЩʥȻΪλƬҪ
ֻҪǵõλƬǵĵ̣һͻƳʥ̤ʥ硣
ȻӵʦŵҪȥһ񼶲ϡ
Ϊʲô²⣿
ΪҶǳϳˣ׷λʥĴ̵ˡ
ЩĻǣȥ׷ЩλƬˣǵλߣпܳΪʣȻ񼶲ϣǳӵС
ҶǳҪ񼶲Ͻ磬ΰɡ
Ѫ̵λʥں漥Ц
ǶǰʥѾںֵ
ԣǵٶȲҶǳһЩ
ϾֱӵĲ໹Ǻܴġ
Ҷǳֵܼӳٶȣټޱǿ󣬿ͱĸʥ׷ˡ
һʱ׷ϡ
Ҷǳ뵽ȫУֳ̽ŲԶ񼶲ץȡ
أ
ס񼶲ϵʥ˲Ҷǳ̽ľơ
վʥ˵Ҷǳһʥ޷⡣
Ҫ֪֮ǰжʮλʥս󣬲ܿλħʥˡ
ֻܵʥĴˣ
Ҷǳüͷ
Ȼ޷ǰץȡǾֻĵȴˡ
ʱ伫ţ˺󷽼׷λʥҶǳѾӦ˵Ĵˡ
λħʥ˷ǳƻ⽫Щ˷Щ˷ɢ
ˣɢһҪɢǣ˵ƻָһЩͻǡ
Ҷǳһݡ
֪ħʥô㣬Ҳ޿κΡ
ϾλʥǸΪУעᱻЩɢ
˵ụֶпܡ
ħʥıλʥ֪ĿģֻܹԹϡ
Ϊû˻Щ
ʱһһţҶǳǰǼ񼶲ԽԽˣ󷽵λʥҲ׷ԽԽˡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
кУ˺Ѳ񷣬ٶȿ쵽˼¡
ΪֲٶȳһƬˣ;Ľﶼݻ࣬һÿòڱըϵľʯ׷ѡ
ʥںľˣ
ͻȻҶǳ̽ǰ񼶲ϵʥľˣʱϲɫг˼֮ɫ
䣡
ҶǳҲ룬̳֣ǰǼ񼶲ץȥ
󷽵λʥ״ʱɫ䡣
ΪҲӦʥĺľ
ãʥľˡ
Ͽֹ֣ȡ񼶲ϡ

λʥ׷׺ȵ
ͬʱҲԼҶǳ
ĹǿϢʱƬ֮Ƶֹնս
ߣ
ҶǳӦĿֲЦһҲ룬ֱӶȥһ硣
ʱλʥ֮УоΧľȫˣǷǿħʥɱ
ִ֮ʣǸûӦǻþ׷׳֡
͸սһɱ
ǰʥ־ǿټҶǳġջñ䡷Ļôĸʥܿѳ硣
ֻʱҶǳѾȡǰ񼶲ϣԶӶȥ
վס
ĸʥܻŭ


1461 
ڵõ񼶲ˣ
ץס񼶲ϵһ̣Ҷǳ֮ɫ͸˷ܵĹâ
һ죬Ⱥܾˡ
һֱ磬Щͷˡ
ЩǶ̤磬ë磬ѾȲˡ
ǣڽӴĶԪ˧Ԫ˧ǰʥħʥˡ
һ̫ˡ
ڿ̤ˣۺĵ̻ۣԳ嵽硣
վס
Ѫ̰ʥŭ
λʥҲ׷ˡ
Ҷǳɨһۣٶȶȥһ磬ת뿪ˡ
֮£λʥ׷ҶǳҶǳԽ˦ԽԶ
ƱҶǳڲãڷӳҪá
ɶһʲôʱѧôǿĻþѪ̵İʥҶǳʧԶʱܻŭ
Ȼ޷вȴǵٶȣǸ׷Ҷǳ
Ѫ̵ĵ֣ѵûиþǿ𣿡
һλԳԨ̵İʥɫصþʱ򹥻ǣǸʱܹӳսӭУ
һλʥɫһ䡣
֮ǰǱþ֮УǲûⲿвܹƳþ
ǣҶǳûǣǸʱܹӳս
һҪֵǿĻþӰ죬һҪҶǳλʥĹʹЩ۷ʥҪæҰɡ
ĻǼ֣Ҳɱλ۷֣пܽնɱӦ̵İʥ
Ѫ̵İʥɫһĻλ۷ʥʦ֣Ҳ޷ҶǳնɱǸα
λˣİʥ˵һ䣬˺ڰ֮С
һ϶ȥЩλƬˣʥһ㶣漴ŷӦ׷װһҲŸʦʦڵķȥҪһ֮

ʱҶǳż֮еѰűչ֮ء
Ҫһʱ񼶲ϣ֮ʥ֮УʥƷʣʹ
ʱΪҲ硣
ףǡ󷨣
Ȼڸ߿еҶǳͫһ֮ɫ
ΪڲԶ·һ޴󷨣ȻƲȴɢԶʥ˼󷨲
ҶǳڵΪȻһӾϳһƵ󷨡
ûᣬо󷨣˳󷨱չؽ硣Ҷǳ۾һƵ󷨷ȥ
󷨼ƲҲ񼶵󷨣֮ǿԿвʥǿߡ
չأȻӰȫһЩ
ৣ
Ҷǳǰ̽ȥϸ۲󷨣ƽ⡣
֮УɵʲôҶǳȴͨΧĲãԼЩƵط¶󷨻֪˲
ҲҺ󷨲ƲټϾɣأл̽һȻҲҽ󷨡
ϸоһҶǳʼ̤Уͦ
ڴڼ䣬ҶǳʼϤ󷨣Ϊߡ
ʱһһȥˣڻ첻ˣҶǳ˳ؽ֮С
񼶲ˡ
ҶǳĿһóǼ񼶲ϣչֳ𣬿ʼ񼶲ϣʥ֮С
ʥֶʥϴɣǳۻ룬Գס񼶲ϵ롣
ҶǳĻĻ棬񼶲ϵٶȷǳ죬Ǳ񼶲ϱҺ壬ʥ֮С
ʥʱ˾ҵķӦƶһϽɫĤ貵ɫϯ֮ڡ
䣡
һɿֲĽʱͱˡ
ʥǿ󣬽ѡ
Ҷǳ¶һļ֮ɫ
һ̣оԼΪڼٱǣԭĴ磬ܿС磬ȻŴǰٶȷǳ졣
ҶǳĻʵ̫ۻˣ֮ǰȻڴ磬ûзڿռ֮Բ֮󣬺ܿʱ֮
Щʱ֮٣ﵽһܸߵĳ̶ȡ
Ϊˣ˿ҶǳһͻƵ֮Ͼ˴硣
ңΪڼ
ڡڡڡ
һֱ۷徳磬ҶǳΪȶûм
䣡
һɷڵĻҶǳϯȥ󷨣ǻɫĻ棬̺űǰӿֲ
ҶǳƣǰʥȥҪһս


1462 
֮УҶǳ͵۾˫֮м֮²õĺۼ
Լڵ¶Цݡ
۷壬Ҫ˳Ķ࣬ʱʱ֮ܿ졣
ΪûҶǳսΪҪսʥ
ΪǴ۷壬ߵռܹ֮ԽսҲԪ˧ѡ
ȻѾ˻ҶǳȻںΪ
ںǰƬ󷨿ռĻΪ֮󣬻Ҳǿˡ
ҶǳоЩԪ˧ԼĻ֮У»ᱻ߳ʵЩʥҲҪʵ
ټϡջñ䡷磬һʥᱻս
ҶǳһԼˡ
һʥɵսǶвʹ󽵵ˡ
ڵս࿹һڵİʥԷսɣܺɨˡ
Żӡʮ߻۷ʥҶǳҲſˡ
⻹ʥ
񼶲֮ʥƷѾ࣬ЩʥеǿһЩӲʥˡ
Ȼսÿʵս
ҶǳЩڴ
Ѫ̵İʥ϶ŹʱԼս
Ҷǳգ㿪ʼоǰ󷨡
󷨰ҶǳոҲֻǽжѣ̺û˽
ֻнȫ⣬пܲóּ󷨡
㲼óʮ֮һҲԶʥ˼󷨣㹻ػ̺֮ˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ڲǹ¼ҹһв̺֮أҪػ
ôõĻᣬȻ
ؾΪ񼶲ϣѾõˣҲûҪȥ̽ż
˵
֮УҶǳûܵκεĴţϸо󷨣󷨵ĺ֪ʶ֮С
ʵ̫ʱˣҶǳӴ󣬱һʥ˶ǿ࣬Ȼ϶Щ󷨡
ʵϣ½ʦûʲôʵһЩǿ󷨣Ƕʥоġ
ֻгʥ֮ľﵽ˵ΣӵӴŻȥо󷨡

ʮ֮Ҷǳо󷨡
󷨣Ҫ䲼̤ʥ˾С
Ҷǳǰ󷨡
ʱУѾɼ󷨵֮С
ֻṳ̂ʥ˾磬û֮ǰ޷óǿ󷨡
ο󷨣Ҫ񼶲ϲܲó
ǰ󷨣Ѿʧȥ񼶲ϣĻҶǳҲ˵ء
Ǽ񼶲ϣѾˡ
Ѿˣϧߡ
ҶǳҡҡͷеЩź
󷨼ܲƣҲԶԸһЩʥ
ϧʦƣ޷󷨡
䣡䣡
Ҷǳ̾Լ޷ƵʱԶͻȻǿϢ
Ҷǳһæ̽ԼϢ̽ȥ
ĸӦ֮Уλʥֻǲ֪˭
ţȻǣ
̽ӹȥʱҶǳʱʥ˭ˣǽЩ⡣
ΪʥȻѪ̵ʥ
ԩ·խ
ҶǳЦˣղţҪԼڵս
û뵽һתۣѪ̵ʥˡ
ʥһ۷ʥһǰʥڣպʺ֡
ף
ȻҶǳѪ̵İʥƺˣһᡣ
ΪĸӦ֮УѪ̵İʥܣ˶ǳţʱؿ󷽡
ô£˭ŵʥֻܣҶǳ¶֮ɫ
ܿ죬иһӰǸ֮ǰһڰʥΧħʥˡ
ҲָֻʵпŵЩʥֻߡ
һ۷ʱڵʥ˸жôֲ
Ҷǳһͻżٴȥˣһλħʥˣ϶к³ġ
òѪ̵İʥҶǳҲŹǡ
ѾѪ̣罫նɱҲܹϢ©Ѫ̲֪
Ҷǳ뵽
ңڳõʱΪѪ̵İʥѾˡ
ҪǣԷķ󷨵λãȫ󷨵Ըǡ
·㲻ߣ㴳
ҶǳŲԶԽԽѪ̰ʥǳһĨЦ


1463 նɱһʥ
û뵽ħʥôͻָʵ
ʦ֣ô죿Ǽһӡ˳ڣǸѲȥ
ȻЩʥɣֻҪսӦÿԵֵһ뿪ؾֻʣʮˡ

߿УѪ̵İʥһһ̸߽
ܿǾͽӽҶǳڵλãҲ󷨡
ʦ֣쿴󷨡ʥڵѪ̵Ӿȵָ˵
۷ʥҴƳһۣҡͷȻһԣ϶ʲôڿû취ֻ̽ܵȴ´Ѫ˽ؾʱϢˡ
ϧˡʥڵѪ̵ЩźʦѾõһλƬȴûС
ǣ뿪ؾʱ䲻ˣټħʥѰɱǣûʱ̽ż
䣡
Ǹеź֮ʱλ·ͻȻѤ⣬Ǻ
ã
ô᣿
Ѫ̵İʥһɫ䣬׷׳ֵֵ
⻹û꣬ΪһƬȵĻɶС
𣡡

Ѫ̵İʥոһʵͱɣܻ
ȻŻģһ޴磬档
ǽǵʵˣһսֱӾͼȥ˴룬ľ־ޱȡ
һĴ˿Ӧʱ䣬һӾͰǸ±ˡ
ɱ
ʱһȣ͵ش·
ҶǳʥɱеһλѪ̰ʥⱩǣâ˺գնƲ񷡣
ԵúţҪ֪׼Ѿõ͵Ϯʱյĸոպá
˿̣Ѫ̵İʥ֮Ȼ۷ʱڣͰ˻þ
ϧǱˣټϱ󷨹Լʵ̫ˡ
ԣһʱûϰѻþ
ʱҶǳʥѾɱˣǱɱµĽ⣬Ѫ̵İʥͷƤ飬ǼҪѻþ
ռҶǳ˫ս֮£ǿܣǿֲĽƺƵһӵҲ񷣬ǧƥ
Ȼﵽ˴۷徳磬Ҷǳռӿˣ㲻ʵܶԿԪ˧ǿߡ
ڣʥǾʹһӵĿֲǳҵĽâƿֱǰ档
ԼԼԿõҶǳʥڰһУǳת
һЯ޾ǿ֮
㡪ǸʥڵѪ̵ӣܵвŷҶǳӰʱʧɫ
ɱҶǳȵȾѡλʥڵѪ̵ӣΪԷʵڼȱ£пܱնɱ
Ͼһж̫ˣҶǳҪɱģȻԷǸ۷ʥѪ̵ӡ
쵰ɱңΡѪ̵λʥǿƺҲܵвһڻþ֮ţһߵΪз
ͬʱںʦ֡
ϧҶǳһ׼̫ˣʥٵʱʲôˡ
Ѫ̵λ۷ʥ޷ʱԮԷǣס󲿷־
ۣ
һƲ񷣬һնա
Ҷǳ۷һѾʵѪ̳ڰʥ޷ֵ˲ͱס
ǰ۾ɵúܴĿ
ǰʥȻ˻ؾ档
ܲģҪ֪ʱԳʥֻΪһͻƾܳΪʥһֱѹΪͻơ
ʥĻᶼûˡ
жôġ
ৣ
Ҷǳնɱλڰʥ֮æҲ˿
һĶֻʣһˡ
Ҷǣ
λѪ̵۷ʥѾˣԼʦܱҶǳնɱ֮󣬶ʱܻŭڡ
ģϾֵˡ
ҶǳʥɫĮؿλѪ̵۷ʥѾ˾Եš
ΪͨղŵսѾʥսټϻɣǾһܹʥս
ʥѾħʥ˴ˣʣ߰˳ɵսٱɣʣʵ֪
ΪˣҶǳղһܽλڵİʥնɱ
οЭҶǳĹ󷨵ɲ൱λڵİʥ
ԣһ۷ʥҶǳڶǵʮ㡣


1464 
Ҷǳû˸ðѪ̣ˣѪ̵۷ʥŭ
䣡
˹캳أһͷâɣ嶼ǰδеݺݵسҶǳ
۷弶İʥʵֱǿĿ£±˴ʵܵˣɲЩڰʥԱġ
Ѫ̵λ۷ʥն;ձըһʯ飬ѣ飬ĩ١
赲
۷ʥǿʵʣ࣬չֳ֮Ƭնս
ɱ
Ѫ̵۷ʥٿݺݵغҶǳըѣ޾ĹâڱֲĹⷽضΪ֮ʧɫ
Ҷǳվ֮ϣֵ֮۷ʥĹ
ͬʱеʥҲնλ۷ʥ
ɱ
Ҷǳеʥ貵⣬ֲĽڼϢΪˡ
涼ըˣշ飬һΧʥȼգȵĻպա
¡¡
ռ˫ս֧£ǰδеĿֲܣһƵֹĽӣ֮ϴᴩա
ʱͿռƺ˽ֹǳΧҶǳתһһ롣
أ
Ѫ̵۷ʥȫ߶ݺݵײʥ
ʱֲܣನϯȥΧĴءɽԴݻ١
ɱ
ɱ
ҶǳѪ̵۷ʥ˭֪ԷŹԼȫ߶սǿԾ
䣡
ǵһδײÿһζǾ춯أƬشױ졣
ĽҶǳ۳ĽڰϢ֮䣬ɱѪ۷ʥ
ϧĽܵԷ赲޷˶Է
鹥𣿿ϧѪ̵۷ʥЦ͵֪鹥Ȼ
ολ۷ʥ˵ҲǺԼӵС
ɱ
ȻĽãҶǳֻӲĥˣŶԷ϶ĥԼ
Ϊֱ˶Էս
ټ󷨣͸̨һϵغŶԷ
ȥʤ
Ѫ̵۷ʥʵҲһ㣬Ѳã磬ǻ򣬶ΰסˡ
󷨣ѾΧ֣޷ȥ
ɶһʵôôǿǰֻ˵ӵл򣬵û뵽ôǿ磬ֱ޷ѣȻҵս
Ѫ̵۷ʥԽԽľҶǳ漣̫ˣǰûҶǳϾҶǳռ֮޷ʥ
Ҷǳʵȴܹвˣֱ
һ
Ѫ̵۷ʥһȼʼ档
һȼգʵʱޱǿ
ԭսȴֻĳսˡ
ʵλѪ̵۷ʥʼҶǳ
ҶǳȳȥѪ̶ն㣡
һݻѪ̵۷ʥ׼Զӡ
ڵ״̬ʵڲʺϸҶǳսο˵ػһ󷨣Ҷǳսȡ衣
𣿿ϧ̫ˣ
ҶǳҪԶӵѪ۷ʥûżٺˡ
ţѪ̵۷ʥ¶ɻ֮ɫΪҶǳ׷û뵽ҶǳһӳַΧ
ҶǳʲôĿģѪ̵۷ʥ֪Լڴ˵ؾˡ
ǣַΧʱ󷨶ʱˡ
ʲôȻ󣡡
Ѫ̵۷ʥͫɫ䣬ͷƤڷ顣
񼶵󷨰ǲƵģҲǳֲ
һըԿԽشõĻᱻֱɱ
ӡ
Ѫ̵۷ʥ׷ˣһдȼҪ󷨵ַΧ
ϧûӳȥѾױըˡ
Ǻǣ׼ôãôܻӳȥҶǳЦ
󷨣Ȿ׼ѾõֶΣϾ֪ԼʵҪɱһλ۷ʥʵ̫ˡ
󷨾ͲһˣѾơϾɣ󷨵ĵӣһٻᷢӳʥ˼
˵Ѫ۷ʥǿĹ£ٶܵشݻˣֻʣһѪ˳ȥ
ȻѾõҶǳһͽѪ̵۷ʥֱӱ


1465 ʵǿ
󷨵ıըشλѪ̵۷ʥ͸һӲͱҶǳնɱ

Ѫ̵۷ʥһͱ˳Ӹ߿һƬ
Ҷǳ˻֣Щ׼Ժټ顣
еһƷȴע⡣
λƬ
Ҷǳ۾һæץסƷ
֮ǰսǵõλƬϵôֻû뵽Ѫ̵۷ʥȻҲС
ȻҶǳ뵽ħʥӳȥЩƷƺλƬѪ̵۷ʥǸʱᵽġ
ûлλƬٶȺҪȥҶǳʱЦˡ
ҿǵʱ䲻ˣѪ̵۷ʥλƬֲˡ
ٺ٣лλƬӦò˶ೡʱ䡣Ҷǳ뵽
ǰλƬûãڣѾ̤磬ʹλƬˡ
ȻܳʥٿΪ˰ʥ硣
ʱΪǰʥǰʥ֮£Ǿǿİʥ۷ʥҲÿվ
뵽ҶǳʱλƬŲԶȥ
ﶯ̫ˣѱλħʥ뿪˵Ϊ

һ·ٷУҶǳһεĵطԼȫϢóǿλƬʼ
ﵽ֮ѾøǿˣۿɼٶλƬ
λƬʱҶǳԸܵкܶЩ֮УȻҲʱ֮
һ̣Ҷǳ飬ظܵʱ֮ĵƣһжƱӡԺУָơ
ҶǳϥΧֳһصķģЩĹâ貣ԼԼеƺХ㴫
ʱҶǳǱ۵ĹԣϼƵϼⱼӿһڽ֯ſµ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶǳȻʥ貣Ѥţڸͬը죬׵â
¡¡
Ƭڶֲͬںϣʱ֮Ϳռ֮
λƬİ£ҶǳѾʱ֮ڽֵںϡ
ĵѾΪˣʱʱ֮Ŀ
ҶǳϸϸƷζһĸоӿͷֻһƬ飬·ʱͿռѾ˿ƿصĴڡ
ʱԸıʱ٣ҶǳԼҲõˣֻ޷ʱһ򱶡
ʱ嵹ǰܴ󣬵Ȼȥ֮Ҳһʱ
Ҷǳ뵽
̫ķʱˣܹƳʱıЧȲʱ˵Ҳһ޴İ
ϾѾ˰ʥ磬ǰһǾҪ񼶲ϸ߼Ĳˡ
ǣҶǳ֪ʲô񼶲ϸ߼УҲǵڻ˰ɡ
£Ҷǳֻ취ԼĻˣҲֻ񼶣Ȼǰ磬ܼԼΪ
̫ķʱˣҶǳҪʱֿʱı
ȻⶼǺ󻰡
ʱҶǳѾվڸԼʵ仯
Ϊ˰ʥ磬ҪĻҵĻǿˣҿԽеĹ֮жȻǿˡ
ҶǳĬĬţϵЦԽԽʢ
Ϊ֮ǰ̤磬ĺôҪ࣬Լ֪ڵսﵽʲô̶ȡ
ʥֻܹ֮һֵȴܹˡ֮Ȼȵһĵǿ࣬ҲЩʥܹɨԪ˧Ԫ˧ǿߵԭ
֮⣬ռļӳ֣͸ǿˣռ֮ǿ¶ʥ˶в
Ҷǳţǿʥǿռǿ۷ʥ
οҲǰʥ֮£ԶԶԽЩ۷ʥ
ڵʵʥ֮£Ӧ޵ˡ۷ʥҲ޾塣
ҶǳһЦ
ʵǿĸԾҲǿˣҪıǻˡ
֮ǰʥʵڿ٣ҶǳͲ֪ˣٳɡ
ټɡ
۷ʥҶǳʣ¶սһɣɣ
ֻʣս۷ʥٶ࣬Ҷǳɱġ
ϾսԶԶԽ۷ʥ
˼ұˣǿˡ
Ƚ֮£ҶǳԿԺɨаʥӵл磬µıȺ


ʮ߾ ʥ


1466 £
ؾ֮ǰҶǳԪ˧
ѾԺɨʥ磬һǧԵú⣬Ծؾ¶Цݡ
뿪ؾֻʣ¼ˣҲ֪Щһʲôж˱ħʥɱ
Ҷǳ뿪չ֮أʼż֮ε
ʵӦüֹλħʥҵ
ңʱʣ࣬Ҳ̽żˡ
ֻҶǳвסοϣҵ۷ʥ֤һԼʵ
ǻ֪ʥʵء
ݣ
Ҷǳڸ߿ͥɢһ㣬ʵǿʮ㣬ԼΣա
λħʥˣڶ֮һսԱӦ㹻ˡ
ϾǸħʥ˵ʮλʥѹΪˣҲԴпħʥСʥСʥ֮жȽϲˡ
ڣҶǳԼǶʮλʥǿˣһλʥˣܹɨǵ
¡¡
Ȼǰҵ
Ҷǳ۾һУкüλʥǰս
ЩɻڴҶħʥɱЩһѵﷴ
ΪϾ뿪ؾΪȫˣûΣ
֮£Ҷǳٳǰǰ
֮Ҷǳ̽鵽˽ǵȷǼʥս
еʥҶǳʶǷֱǾŻӺʮ߻ӣҶǳû뵽ܹٴĻӡ
ʱĻӣΧһ۷ʥ
۷ʥ֮ǰǶʮλʥΧħʥʱҶǳҲһΣʶֻܲ²ĳ۷ʥ
˭
Զ۷ʥӦҶǳ̽飬ʱɫһ䣬ȵ
˶ܵģΪ̽ǳǿ󣬺пǸͬǿߡ
Ļô˾ܸıƣվһߣһ߾̡ܷ
ԣǶ˵
ֻսʱǶ޷ͣ֡
ŻӺʮ߻Ҳ֣ͣò׳ŶԷ˶֣һ֣ͣöԷô죿
Żӣʮ߻ӣþòҶǳ̤գЦ
ûأʵ㹻ʲôηģ
ǿΪʵе
Ҷǳ˫֣Ȥؿǰս֮еˣһİ۷ʥЦ˵֪λǺηʥȻܹλֶԵУ
սϷӣ
սִ˵ţͶһ񣺡Ҷ֣˵ԭϷӣֻΪʥ׷ɱȥҶ֣ԸһѣȳȥҾͰʥţһӭϷӣ϶õöࡣ
ЩţһλӣԵΣأ֧Ų˶á
һҶǳȻ֪ҶǳľʵһλʥһһߣǶĴ̫ˡ
ҶǳҪ˵˵ˣҪμݣûͱʥŸɱˡʮ߻ɫһߣɵó˵
һߵľŻӣ䶢ҶǳҪǲ̻ڣһ֣Эɱ˴ˡ
Ҷǳ۾ʮ߻ӵĻﻹãʥ׷ɱǼӲűסһǷһ顣
ŻӵĻвֱˣʵҶǳˬ
ˣҶǳеվڲԶ˰˵λӷģҲᱳģҲǵ£֮ǳʣ˭ûʸҡ
ʮ߻ԣ΢Цص˵ͷȻҶǳ˵òٻġ
ŻɫҶǳνؾģڻؾڵж
ôûյʵѵŻӿԴʷ𣿡ҶǳЦ
֮ǰŻӱȣȻҲõһЩôֱȣҶǳڻкܲˬȻŻʲôɫ
㡭ŻԴŭҶǳĿ⣬ʱű䳹ǵĺ⡣
Ҷǳһм֮ɫڿɲŻӣ˵ȥԺҲ¾ŻӣϾŻѵ϶֣Ҳġ
Ҷ֣׵ìܴܺ󰡣ʵǺпܻΪһʵģȰ㻹ǸҺϷСԺᱻˡϷս˵£Ҷǳ
λϷҲǳصģ£Ҷǳ£ɣҲҶǳ;ŻӼìܣǻ϶


1467 ޾
ս£Ҷǳ΢ЦǴⲻ֮Ľ棬Ͼûкôǵһɧ
ս״ɫʱҶǳһĨɱ⡣
һԺ£Ȼֱܾ̫ʶˡ
뵽ս˫΢΢һУ¶һɱȻ㲻վһߣǾȥɣ
ݣ
ڱŻӺʮ߻ӵΧ֮УսͻȻһƷƷóҶǳķ
λƬ
ʮ߻Ӻ;Żͬʱ˵һʱӦƷϢһֱλƬ
ʮ߻ӻǾŻӣѾﵽ۷ʥ磬κһ˵õλƬﵽʥļޡ
ǸʱֻҪһʥǴʥ磬ֱӿԽͨʥΡ
ҲðսؾĿġ
ҵģŻӴ˫Ŀŭ̽һֻץλƬ˸ֱӳ˳ȥ
ǺǣϾţⶫɲø㡣ʮ߻ӴЦһһնŻӵĴ֣λƬȥ
ֱӶսΧ
ϾǶԣõλƬɱսҪ
ΪһõλƬȳȥǾѹһпܻΪĻ̫ӣδ
ջɱսҲͱòҪˡ
СӣҿĻӣսųλƬʮ߻Ӻ;ŻӣʱһЦ
⽫λƬҶǳҪλƬ˴
һԽΧ
Ҷǳھ
ǵģǾ
ֻҪҶǳܲסλƬջôȻʮ߻Ӻ;ŻӵĹһ˶սӵҶǳ϶ɡ
ϾҶǳֻһͨʥѣʮ߻Ӻ;Żеκһ˶ɱҶǳ
ȻҶǳܴؽλƬ˭أҶǳ˭һӡ
Ҷ㻹Զսһֻٶ룬ʮ߻Ӻ;Ż׷λƬʱת̤ȥʧʡ
һߡ
ҶǳųԼλƬʱסˡ
εõλƬȻһ۾ϳλƬ
û뵽սȻҲӵλƬһϵӳ
أһҲǱƼ˰ɣϾλƬҪҲȲԼСҪ
Ҷǳֻû뵽սὫλƬӸԼҶǳҲǱܿսնġ
ȻЩĻûһ򵥵ֻҪңԶ
ҶǳЦһץסǼλƬ
ЦȻԸ͸λƬѵ
ҶǳλƬĿƽؿǰŭλĻӡ
Ҷǳ콫λƬңŻضҶǳȵ
ʮ߻ҲôƮƵһĮؿҶǳ˵ңԺҾĿɽ
λӵͱ֮ƣҶǳǳһĨЦݣ˵λֻһ仰Ҫҽôıǰҵʲôˣǵ𣿡
䣡
ŻϱǿϢҶǳɫҶǳ˵ʲôҪΪλԪ˧ãʥؽã͸ǰŲţֻҪһ֮ǣĲ̣ȫữΪɻҡ
ʮ߻ͬԼǿϢ䶢ҶǳҶǳòҪ󡣡
Ǻǡ
ǿƵľŻӺʮ߻ӣҶǳЦˡ
Цλüͷ
ǰλĻӣҶǳЦݣһǿҵź޵е־ĿУҲޱȵǣλӣΪһǸС𣿡
ʮ߻Ӻ;ŻĿ䣬ҶǳĻǵ϶¶ļ֮ɫ
ǸʵݱҶǳĵȷȷһֻСϡ
һСϣҲƽȽ
Ц
ˣҲϻλƬɡʮ߻Ӱ˰֣鵭Į˵ѾЩͷˡ
ŻеɱҲԽˣɭϴ㾹ˣңټΣǾɡ
䡭
ӱǿɱ
ǲٶԣͬʱɱҶǳҪǿλƬ
ҶǳѾֻһˡ
Ǻǡ
ŶԼֵλӣҶǳûһ⣬˼
ɱңǾͿûǸˣ
ҶǳĻ£йâһʥʱˣɢҫ۵ԡ
ͬʱһǿĿϢҶǳΪģ˷ϯȥ
λĻӼ״ɵͫһɫǴ䣬Ĳš


1468 һж
ʥ
㲻ɰʥҲﵽ˰ʥΡ

ŻӺʮ߻𾪵ؿǰҶǳҶǳϢʱǲ֪ԼСҶǳ
Ѿﵽ˰ʥ磬İʥ
Ҷǳһŵ˵
ʥâ貣ϬĽ˺ѿռ䣬ض֧飬֮еŷϢ
Żӿʥɵͫһħʥӵı֮Уһ񼶵Ĳϣû뵽õˡõ񼶵ĲϣҲֻܴﵽ磬ôһӳΪʥ
ʮ߻ҶǳһۣټһλƬǾˡ
ԣŻһĿг˼ʡ
ҶǳȻѾõһλƬˣһ֮ˡ
һôӵôõ
Żг˼ʣɫҲˣͳ𣺡ҶǳҪΪﵽ˰ʥ磬ǿ⣬Ҿʶһİʥ
һ䣬˾ͳҶǳǰݺݵһȭ
𣡡
Żһȭ˾Ǿʵһ㣬ʵǶ֮۶˵Ҳ޲ɡ
ŭɱҶǳ˷ˣ޷ֻѡӲƴ
ҽսĪɰʥ𣿡Ҷǳ״г˳Цݡ
һ̣˱粶ʳԱһ˲˳ȥ˫ȭգһδεĺ貵ȭâ
¡¡
һռ⾳ҶǳȭƶϯȥǿֲĩռϢΧ֮ɢ
Ҷǳһȭȭغھ棬Ǵ֧飬ͬʱȭᴩգľŻӶɳȥ
ۣ
ŻӶҶǳѪˣϾҶǳˡ
ϾҶǳѾﵽ˰ʥΡ
쵰
ŻŭֱðɣȻһΪϵļһѪֱǳ衣
Աߵʮ߻ӶЩݣҶǳĿýǰСһѾǵΪϵĴˡ
Żӣ㱾£޷ҵλƬҶǳЦ
ŻԣеɱԽǿˣȻҾ͸ᡪ
žŻӵĻ£һǿ㳯Ҷǳѹ
һ֣пֲѹΧĿռ䶼סˡ
һ̣ռ·˽ֹ
Ǻܿ죬һҵĽâҶǳеʥϼǰƬռ˺ѿ
ͬҵʥ񼶲ϡҶǳЦ
ˣ̤ʥ磬ʱʥ֮Ҳ֮ˡ
֮߶ʥǿǱѾʥˡ
ŻӵǼҶǳһ͸ˣǳҵĽâֱ˺ѿռ䣬նŻӡ
أ
ؼʱ̣һھŻǰסҵĽâ
ⱦķǳǿ󣬼ʥĹ棬޷ɰۼ
ԴˣҶǳҲû˿ȣԤϡ
ʱ
ҶǳǰסŻӵı˲ϳˣϾܹΪʥǶʥ
ⶫôҲʥȻûʲô棬Ǻġ
ʥûΪʥ֮ǰƽʱķ
ҶǳҲʱЦһͷų
ͣ
ȵĻϯȥպʹض˻Χһжݻˡ
ϯ硣
֮еľŻӺʮ߻ӣɫһ䣬š
ҵʵȻɣ
Ҳǣ
λо
˿µû뵽
ȻǰҲ˵ҶǳĻ򣬵ǸʱҶǳ̫ˣ˵һ
Ҷǳ̤ʥ磬Ǿòһ򣬾Ȼһս
۷ʥս
һսһʧȥսǼѾԸıսĽˡ
ǲ
ҶǳǷӦĻᣬѾսʥһնŻӣһֻȭͷݺݵʮ߻ӡ
â˺ѿռ䣬ȭâƲ񷡣
һжƥ
һ̣ҶǳչֳԼľâеĺǶȻʧɫ

󵨣
ŻӺʮ߻Ӵһȫŭˡ
ǾȻСˡ
ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼ˸ͬʱأ
˿ҶǳĿжɱ⡣
䣡
ҵսʱˣڵĻ֮УӰʱؾһ𣬵ҫݺᣬȭâգ
λ۷ʥս


1469 ˫˫ܱ
Ҷǳ˴ķǳңл֣սĲûдȥ
ҲҶǳųԭ򣬱ϾһսĲȥ˭֪᲻λħʥ˸
Ҫ֪λħʥ˻ż֮еѰһɱżٴҲпܱ
ȻҶǳԼڵʵţޱҪҲħʥ˶ϡ
˿ֻ̣оŻӺʮ߻֡
¡¡
Ҷǳʥٴκݺݵغǰʱ棬ֲܣընˡ
ǿķϯȥŻ˶ɳȥˣҶǳҲʮ
ɱ
ʮ߻ӳûɱٿݺݵѹҶǳ
ҶǳֱһȭӭȥȰʥǿȾ൱ڰʥʮ߻ӵֻǿ
ƾ֮ҶǳͿסʮ߻ӵҽ֮ˡ
һʵôôǿ
Żҧгݡ
ʮ߻Ҳһ𾪡
ӵʵͲҶǳټϱսȻ͸ӲҶǳˡ
ս֮УǱҶǳĽڽڰˣҶǳĶ֡
ʮ߻ѾαҶǳѪŻӵҪһ㣬ϾһʱԼ
ǿѹǴҶǳŻӺʮ߻ӵ鶼ܲã˵ɫѿ˼㡣
ΪĻӣǸ߸ϣΪʥǿڣǸʥ֮¡
Ǻֳܵ裿
Ҷǳʥˣǻܺһ㣬ҶǳһҲֻǰʥ
ңҶǳռ֮ģΪˣⱲӶܳΪʥˡ
ڣҶǳȴѹǴռݾԵϷ硣
ֱܴ裡
Żŭ𣬷ŭֱ֮ѡǼҪҶǳըˡ
˵ҪըҶǳûΪ֪ﵽʥĿ¡
䡪
žŻӵըڷڡ
ҶǳǰԤϵˣû˿ǣѾŻԼǰһǽ
䣡
ըһδεغҶǳĻǽǽѷ죬ոǽˡ
ǣʣѾ޷Ҷǳвˣһˡ
ŻӣѪȻˣҲ۰
ҶǳŶľŻӣȻĻӶԣһʲô
Ҷǳ䳰ȷŻɫޱѿҶǳɱҲûǸӣ
ҶǳȷɱŻӣȻ½û֮
һЩʥ˳ҶǳӵıԵᱻҵ
ŻֺӣҶǳԵúܲˬߵҲɱ㣬˲ɱ㣬ŲţҰˣȻλħʥˣϷսǶȤɱ㡣
㡭Żɫһ䣬ŭҶǳսȭͷ
ڵıҶǳشǾԺΣա
˵ħʥ˺սˣˣпܻ
Ҷ֣ʵѾǿλƬղЩԣڴǸ
ʮ߻ӺȻ˵
Ҷǳؿʮ߻ӣƺû뵽ʮ߻ӾȻǸܿˣҪ£
ȻҶǳչֳʵѾʮ߻ӿҶǳļֵȻҪ£
Ҷ֣һ£ˣ⼸ʥϾ͵ҸղŶ⳥
ʮ߻ûҶǳڣ˵ӹʥϡ
ʮ߻ӿˣҶǳ˵ҲֱǼʥϣԷȻͣȻ¡
ңʮ߻£Ҳʮ߻Ӻһڣи˿ȥƺŻӡ
;ŻӵǵԹ˵ԺҪԾŻӵ鷳
Ǻǣ
ʮ߻ӿҶǳӳȥʥϣʱЦˣҶǳԸ£
ԱߵľŻҲһĻɫˣΪʮ߻ӺҶǳߵһ𣬶в͸ˡ
ҶǳǿλƬ͸ʮ߻ӣôͻᱻʮ߻ӳ׻ܣԵ̫֮λ
Ҷ֣ȳȥСһʮ߻˵Ƴ˲ԶľŻһۣһУʲô֪
˵꣬ˡ
Żԣɫʱһ䣬жʮ߻Ӱѡ
Ȼ֪ʮ߻ô˵նģҪҶǳɱ
£ŻһؿҶǳҲٿʱǰ
ʮ߻ֶҶǳĶ֣˵ֻʣһˡ


1470 󱦲
ŲԶһٴеľŻӣҶǳеޱȳ죬Ҳ¶ЦݣѾҲн죿
ȷɱ˾ŻӣϾʮ߻Ȼװ˵֪﷢һУҶǳɲԼСʮ߻С
˵ȫɱˣҶǳҲҡ
˭֪ЩûĸӡǣҪǸҶ֣ѱ֤Լ¶
ѾɱѪ̵ʥɲٵ򣬻½û֮ˡ
뵽ҶǳƳ˲ԶľŻһۣ˵ȰҸط˻Ҫҡ
ϣҶǳ̤նȥ
ﶯ̫ˣ˭֪λħʥǷѾӦˡ
Сӣһʱ䣬ˣվ޷ʥҳʥ󣬿㻹Ҳǰš
ŻҧгݵҶǳȥıӰ
λȥ֮󣬾̽ʥ˾磬ټѹΪˡ
οһλؾ֪Ҫ꣬û취ټѹȥ
Ͼʥ֮ԼʵѹΪʵˡ

鶼ǵһۣƬħˡ
żĳطħʥһ̤һʥԴؿҶǳǴսķ
ܾңܸӦ
ݣ
ħʥ˵Ǹȥ
ϧȥʱҶǳѾ뿪ˡ

Ҷǳ뿪֮󣬼żѰղŴϷõһλƬڴˣҲأ
ʱˣɲһطϾ´¾޷ٽؾˡ
ΪǸʱĻ϶ﵽٷ֮ʮԿʥ
ʥ޷ؾġ
ȻѾõһԺƣԲͨܽؾԺҲֻܽëʹˡ
ˣλƬûôǿ͸Ϊ
Ҷǳ뵽
ΪѾﵽ˰ʥ磬õһλƬҲֻܼڰʥ磬ûгԽ񼶵Ĳϣ޷̤ʥ˾ġ
ԣϷõλƬ׼͸ëˡ
ֻҪëܹﵽ۷壬ʹλƬһٳʥ
˵ⶫʹúãܸǲһλʥˡ
Ҷǳʱ޷ʥһ£һʥ˵ĳ֣ǲʥ֮Уʵ
ףһ󷨣
ڸ߿зУҶǳȻ̽鵽ɽ֮һ󷨣ʱȤ
֮ǰҾѾѧϰһ󷨣ټһҲǿǲ̵ĵ̡
Ҷǳýʱ䲻ˣºλƬͰʱɣҲ̫
ֻǣҶǳȥʱȴѾ˸ƿˡ
ţѾ˽ȥ𣿡
Ҷǳ̽ǰ󷨣ڵΪȻһ۾ͿˣǱǿӲƿġ
һ㼼ûС
ң󷨱ƻӦýȥûá
ȥ
Ҷǳոߵ󣬵Ҳ壬ֱӽ󷨵С
ѾƿҶǳɵؾͽУһ󷨷ģʼƿ󷨡
ȻƿˣǻܷӳһֻҪҽƻĵط޲һ¾ˡ
ҶǳԵúܽԼڵʵţҲûзŹ󷨵ƿء
һеĵˣҲܹٿ󷨣󷨣Ӷشˡ
ֳɵģðײá
Ҷǳһ߽󷨣֪ǵء
֮һƬ޴Ŀռ䣬ĽѾˣٻأȻǾҵս
һ޴Բν棬ʮǿϢа˹Ϣﵽ˰ʥΣʣµҲǴԪ˧
û뵽ôˡ
ҶǳеȣϾżҲô࣬ռһСˡ
ҶǳԼϢԲεĽȥ
ĽһЩҶǳһЩԼһЩ̸
ɶ󷨾ȻôǵĹ޷ڶ̶̼ڽ乥ơ
ϻ񼶵󷨣󷨣ǶķʮŽơ
Ǿ뿪ؾʱֻˣһʱ䵽ˣǾֻ뿪ˡ
Ҳİʮ߿λƬƽ֣Ҳһ˷ֵһλƬ

洫ĶԻҶǳɵõɴ۾֮ɫ
棬Ȼʮ߿λƬ
⡭ֱǴ󱦲ذ


1471 λʥ
ʮ߿λƬ
Ҷǳһо٣˫ȡ
ȻλƬûãʮ߿λƬʮλʥ˰
ǲʮλʥˣǸжǿ
¼ĴҲ۸ǰɡ
Ҿ˵ôһżûλƬԭǲ档
ҶǳȻ
֮ǰõλƬλħʥӳġ
ż֮еıǻûзֱڣűҵ
ʮ߿λƬӴżˡ
ȻԵôһʱأʮ߿λƬҲҪõһ롣
Ҷǳ뵽
ǲھһ֣ⲻڲ̳Ϊɡ
Ͼɣ˲ű
οҶǳԼҪȥ磬ëʵ̫ͣԼҲġ
ëǳʥˣҲԱİա
ǵĻƺһڱЩλƬȽȥ˵
ҶǳǰԲν֮С
һ棬ҶǳͿ˼ʮԻ½ǿߣа˸ʥǳҫۣ󷨣ǰһ
Ԩ̫ӣ
гԨ̡Ӧ̺Ͱİʥ
սһȻҲˡ

ҶǳĿһɨ㽫ǰ˸ʥ
˱Ѫ̵λʥʣµ̣һλʥȫ
ȻǺйһ֮Եı̫ԨԼǰһȥϷս
λʥ۷ʥͨʥ
ʣµĶǴԪ˧ǿߣҲ̣ԼϷġ
ȻЩ˷֮󣬲֪ͨˣ֪ͨԼ˵
ΪǶ棬ʮ߿λƬôˣ˭Ը˷
Ҷǳôܣ
ͻȻһ
ԶսҶǳʱͫһ𾪡
ǰλƬӸҶǳһӦñŻӺʮ߻Ӹɱ˲Ŷԣôܻ
ңսԤУҶǳλƬ͸ŻӺʮ߻еκһˣҲһˣⶼҶǳŶԡ
ڣҶǳȴȱǰ
Ҷǳ
ȻûҵǸѪ̵İʥȥ׷ˡ
û뵽һҲ˴˵ء

ȺһЩ˿ҶǳҲͶĿ⣬š
ҶǳԴϴչֳʥʵؾڣҲСˡ
һʥϧˣֻһͨʥʲôæӦ̵һʥƳҶǳһۣû⡣
Ͼһλʥǰ޷в
Ҷ֣̫ԨҶǳ˵ͷ֪ҶǳĹϵѯʵϢ𣿡
Ǳܴ󣬶ʦһλʥԨܿأϣ¡
ܺãҵõһλƬѾʥˡҶǳԨ
Ԩһ㶣û뵽ļôãħ׷ɱˣõһλƬ
ҶǳһۣԨҲпǱͣ
ʦͽʥˣҪԣѾԨò֣ضԴˡ
ҶǳĺѣȻҪһ¡
ȻҶǳҲһλʥҲۡ
ţҶǳӦ
ľŻӹϵãϷսҲãֵѪ̣νǳޡ
ҶǳԼǸøԼ·ˣȻλ̫Ԩͷų⣬Ȼܾ
οڱȷΪһ·
֣ƽ𣿡Ҷǳ˹ȥѯԨ
ԱߵսҶǳǳʹޣʱҶǳվߣͲǿλƬˣԵҶǳĻ󣬲ɵüϻ⻹õûʮ߿λƬ
ҶǳƳսһۣ˵ԭҲˣл͸ҵǿλƬ
㡭սҧгݡ
ԱߵȴһԾսһλƬҶǳܰɣ˭ɱİλƬ˰
οսҶǳҲûʲôϵ
֣ʲôǿλƬ͸ˣһλӦ̵İʥȵѯս
սҧ֪λشֻһضҶǳľŻӺʮ߻ڣҺܺ棬㵽װǿλƬǵе˭ˣǵеһһ
ĻҲľ
ԾŻӺʮ߻۷ʥǣҲֻӳλƬˡ
ǺǣΪʲôҪλƬǣôõĶ㵱Ҹһɵ𣿻ˣ
ҶǳһϷŰؿս漴йâһսǿλƬ
ʱһ˫˫ȵĿ⣬ҶǳＤ


1472 չʵ
ҶǳеλƬΧʱڳˣһ٣ȵضλƬÿ˵϶̰֮ɫ
սҲˣһ£ЦСӣ㻹ǰ׳գôҪĶȻóҲãⱾҵƷϽҲ
֣ȻͳȥĶֺαûأԨ̵һλ۷ʥҶǳЦ˵Ҷ֣㽫ｻңҿǷһ顣һλʥ飬̵Ĵʥῼġ
ҶǳƲƲ죬һﻹһ仰ҪԼλƬΪӰ
Ҷ֣ｻңҿԱ㿪̫Ԩ
Ҷ֡
Ӧ̣İʥȫҶǳŵôҪõλƬ
ҶǳɨһۣеλƬЦ˵λضԣҲҪҿɲɵˡ
սŭԼ涪ˣ۾ɵúݺݵضҶǳɭСӣ˵˭ɵ㵱ǵλƬó㻹Ϊ㻹뿪ҿɵӣ
ĻΧҲƿɵһҶǳôʥǰóλƬ㲻
Ҫ۷ʥǻеʸһͨʥڰλʥǰסλƬ
ôܣ
ʱ̫ԨڣλʥȫĿϬضҶǳ
ѵһλƬǵȻ
Ҷ֣ҰɣΣաԨȰ
Ҷǳ΢Ц㹻ʵóλƬ
һ㹻ʵ֮ôҲͲں©ˡ
ҪλƬҶĳҪ˭õõҶǳ˫֣Ȥɨǰİλʥ
ţ
λʥЩؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ򶨣Щ⣬ѵʲô
ǣһҶǳǰ˸ʥܹʲô
СӣŪˣȻҵλƬˣǾԭɣ
սȴѾ̲סˣδ䣬˱㻯һ磬Ҷǳǰ
Сӣȥɣ
սгɱ⣬һȭʧɫ޾ĵϯȥķһ޴ȭͷһźһ׹
ռȭ
ҶǳûжֱӭȥһȭƵâɣռ⾳ȭ֮УĩһĻ֮
ݣݣ
ʱİʥҲ˹ҶǳеλƬսˡ
ֻǣûǿҶǳͿս˶ҶǳѪɡ
úã
ųļλʥҶǳЦһеʥų۵ĶĿ⣬ֲܶʱƺƵռ䡣
ã
۷ʥ
İʥʧɫæԼϧҶǳľһ֮£Щ˵ȫɳȥ
أ
Ҷǳ漴ʩչռȭɨЩʥһһɳȥ
һ̣а˼㣬ֱš
˶ɴ۾ŵؿҶǳ
̫ˣֱһ
ҶǳʥƳһǼɳȥİʥһ
Ǽʥʱߺ죬ҧгݵصҶǳǵҲһ˿ɵ
ҶǳܹڶʱڴǣʵѾһ۷ʥˣǱ۷ʥǿһЩˡ
Ǵ۽ˣû뵽½ҶȾ콾ҵ֮ǰȴ죬ˡ
̫Ԩ֣֮лع̾
ղţΪĹϵû̳֣ӹһ٣ûʥ
ֹˡ
ҶǳһЦĿǰļλʥɨЩʥЩȻƲͷ
ҶǳֳսѾףǿλƬԵˡ
ôʵ
սһŵضҶǳͻȻƺʲôеˣѪ̵ʥ϶ǱɱˣǼ񼶲ϣӶ˰ʥ硣Ϊǰʥôǿԭ򡣡
ԣһ
ŷ֣ҶǳΪȷѾ˰ʥ硣
Ҷǳһռ֮ˣܹΪʥô˵֮Ѿ񼶲ϡ
ֻѪ̵λʥǱҶǳɱϢ̫ˣ
֣ҳԣ˵
ҶǳĿؿսе⣬սɫһݣףڵҶǳѾԿˣҶǳ»
Ҷ֣ʵ֮ǿǺƿ󷨣õλƬΣ
ԨȻ˵
ʥԣҲ۾һ
ǰҶǳʵôǿ˵Խƽ󷨡


1473 ֮
ԨѣҲӦˣ԰Ҷǳʵôǿһƽ󷨡
Ҫ֪ҶǳֻһλƬ棬ʮ߿λƬƽ֣һ˶ֵܷһ顣
ȻˣֺαظҶǳΪأ
һʱ䣬֡Ҷ֡иȫ˸ղŵĲ죬£Ҷǳ
սɫҲһЩҶǳˡ
ȿ˵
˵£Ҷǳߵǰǰϸۿ
ʮ߿λƬȻҲ
һʴ󱦲ء
ʲôÿģֱսֺˡսƲ
Ҷǳۿǰ󷨣󷨵𻵳̶Ҫ֮ǰСܶࡣ
ΪˣӳķǷǳǿģѹЩʥã޷ơ
ЩʥĽǶҶǳͲҡҡͷתͷԨʵǼһ㶼𣿡
Ԩһ㶣漴ҡҡͷ̫ˣ̤ʥ˾֮ȥоҲ١
Ӧ̵һλ۷ʥҲͬо󷨼ֱ˷ʱ䣬ǳʥ֮˵εľΪȥо󷨣Ǿ°빦ˡ
Ҷ֣ĪǾͨ󷨣ԨһҶǳʵ
ԶһҶǳ˵ͷ漴ָǰ󷨣ҡͷǺĵط󷨵ǿ֮ѹֺôʱ䶼ûʲôչ


ҶǳĻڳİλʥһΡ
Ҳܹǣ󷨣һ㶼ֻҸطˡ
󷨣Ǳ俪ġ
ϧ󷨣ıȽãԷǿһЩ
Ҷ֣󷨺˽⣬սͷƽΣԨ
ҲûǶ󷨡
Ҷǳǰ󷨣Ŀ˸гš
Щźû㷢ִ˵أһ˾ƽ󷨣ʮ߿λƬ
񣬾뿪ؾֻʣ¼ʱˡ
ʱ䣬޷ƽ󷨡
ԣýλʥȻҵĵطкǵ֮Ӧÿڼ֮ڹ󷨡
ֻһʮ߿λƬ޷ˡ
ƽ֮ɱǣ
Ҷǳ۾һУкȻɱġ
ǰȻаλʥҲֻ۷ʥʣµͨʥ˵ֵһᡣ
ڵʵնɱλ۷ʥҲڻ¡
ǣЩʥ̣һɱǣټϺΪеѪ̣½ĳˡ
ʱ򣬼õЩλƬǲʮʥˣҲᱻŵġ
û˿ԶԿͼ̣Ǽֱ
Ҷǳ񼶵ʵС
Уô೬ɲʸܹġҶǳܿͷдջ뷨
תͷԨˣĿ˵ҿ԰ǹ󷨣ʮ߿λƬҪη䣿
ԨЦ˵򵥣ҵλ۷ʥһλƬʣµλƬͨʥʣµЩԪ˧ᡣ
ͬսæͷԨһ¼ҹһֶӣȻվһ
ңҲ
ϾƽĻôӵʥ̣϶ռơ
ҶΪΣԨҶǳЦʵҶǳҲһͬ䷽
̵λʥȻЩˬҶǳ˵ʵɲǾܾҲûá
˵ַ䣬ɿԷֵλƬҲǴջˡ
ԣҲѡĬˡ
λʥĿ⣬ʱҶǳ
ҶǳͬУϾûҶǳİҲ޷õλƬ
Ҳͬ⣡
˵ϣҶǳҡͷҳ󣬵õȴ٣ΪʲôҪ󣿡
ҶǳλƬѾˣ㲻Ҫ̰ˡսߵ
ԨüͷҶǳʵҶ־Ҫ䣿
ҲҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵һһλƬʣµȫҵġ
һ˵ǰļλʥˣЩֵĴԪ˧ǿǣҲɴ۾š
Ҷ֣ڿЦ𣿡Ԩһɫѿ˵
սŭһ˾Ҫ̾ſλƬҲ±˵ⶫ޷ʥ
ҲڸҶǳעսһһǿԲͬ⣬Ǿʮ߿λƬȴԵ˰ɡ


1474 ŭ
ҶǳĻжʱ˼ž˭Ҳû뵽Ҷǳθô
ƾʲô
Ҫ֪ڳˣĻӣ̵콾ЩԪ˧ǿߣҲһӸλûһ˵ݻҶǳ
ҶǳҪǺܲˬǾҶǳ̫ˣʵǿҲֻڻؾ棬һ˻ؾڳһˣ㡣
ⲻܣԨ̵۷ʥؿҶǳҪ̾ſλƬ㻹ûʸ񡣡
Ӧ̵۷ʥҲĮ˵θ̫Сĳ
۷ʥɭЦҶǳſλƬҲ޷ȵȥΪܹס𣿡
һ˻ؾһλƬסսм
ԨҶǳҲȰ˵Ҷ֣ǰǸղŵķɣȻǿԷģ͸¶ӵλƬϢһ˻ؾҲõġ
üǲûзҶǳԸͬ⣬ǲŹҶǳһΡ
ϾҶǳӦĻʮ߿λƬǾûˡ
ֵܺãҶǳԨĻЦŵͷ
˶ʱ¶ЦݣǿҶǳˡ
Ȼһ̣ǾҶǳ˵ȻֵѣǾͷİɣ䷽䣬ӵоſλƬ
˻һ˾ԣ˶ƿ׳һҶǳ
̫ˣ
Ԩȥˣҡҡͷٶԡ
սŭЦҶǳΪҪ𣿾㲻Ҫʮ߿λƬҲӦҪ󡣡
ҶǳмǲҪ𣿲ңǸòλƬ˵λƬģǰ׳ʣĲλƬģ
޴òʮ߿λƬһνҵġ㣬ʱһ鶼ûˡԨ̵۷ʥЦ
Ҷǳ˵޷ʥһɻʥ֮Уѵǣ
Ӧ̵۷ʥһвֻˣȵȥ᳢ġ
Ҷǳһ޾壬ߵշҺΣȳȥҾͰϢҶд󹦣´νǻҪЩλƬǾԲµģΪܹκε𣿡
ҶǳһһЩ˲޻˵
ȷҶǳֻҪд󹦣޷ĹԸ
˵صϢй۷ʥȻɭ˵ҶǳĿгɱ⡣
ս۾һæͷĵ˵ĲСʵڰʥ֮Ƕģ´˽ǻܵõλƬҿǶڣֽնɱ
ͿҶǳˬˣҵ˻ɱҶǳԽͷֻޡ
Ԩ̵۷ʥ䶢ҶǳɱΣҶǳȰ㻹ʶ㣬ʵǿҵȰδزɱ㡣
ղֻ̽һСǵʵӦ̵۷ʥ俴Ҷǳ˵
ԨҲҶǳĮҶ֣Ҹղķ䷽ǧҪ󡣡
е˼ˣҶǳҪʶֻ࣬ܳˡ
Ǻǣǰ˸Ҫˡ
ҶǳɨǰԼеİλʥ޾ɫ͸ŵĹâ˵ܺãҲ뿴ǰ˸ǷĿԴӮҡ
֪ƷЩˣǲͬ̾ſλƬķ䷽
ֱսŭЦתͷİʥ˵λսɱ
ɱԨ̵λʥͷ
Ӧ̵λʥͬ¶ɱ⡣
λʥһЦݡ
ԨɫĮһ̾Ҷ֣Ҫˣ˭㷸ŭ
Ҷǳ˵˸־Ҳ㣬Ҳñɱ׼
һ䣬Ҷǳϱϯһǿƣµɱһɣһɱ
Ҷǳɨǰİλʥǹ˹ָɱңͿûǸˡ
֣սѾ̲סˣ˴ȵ
Ԩ˷׷׳֮ǰսֹ󷨣˿һϾսˡ
䣡
սɣ˹ǿİʥϢΪһ壬һ壬Ҷǳշѹ
䣡
ս֮У˸ʥһ֣ȫԼһ𣬴һֲĺ
Ȼˡ
Ͼ֮ǰǾ͸ҶǳһΣȻֻ̽Ҳ֪Ҷǳʵǳǿ
򣡡
磡
԰λʥɵսɱҶǳһʱʩչԼžУƬ֡
һ˲䣬ս֮дǰ˸ʥ
ãҵʵˡ
ɣҾȻɣ
ÿֲ򣡺ÿֲĻþ

˸ʥɫ䣬˭û뵽ҶǳĵôֲһӾǵսʧɡ


1475 ɨ
򣡡
磡
԰λʥɵսɱҶǳһʱʩչԼžУƬ֡
λʥȫޱ޼ʵĻ֮Уͬʱ;ܵصӰ졣
ǵʵҲѸֱ
һ̣ս֮дǰ˸ʥ
ãҵʵˡ
ɣҾȻɣ
ÿֲ򣡺ÿֲĻþ

˸ʥɫ䣬˭û뵽ҶǳĵôֲȻһӾǵսʧɡ
ʲô
˲ʧȥսһʥ˵ֱͱˡ
ǰ˸ʥս󣬴˿̶ʵ
ͣ
ҶǳЩһ֮ʣȫ߶ʥŶԷսȥ
ǰ˸ʥ׾ٵصֵסˣʥȴҵ˶Էս㣬о׼
󷨣ұǿǿˣ
ҶǳһЦ󷨶оˣ㹻Ĳϣܲ󷨡
Ϊǰ˸ʥɵսʵ̫ˣֱ©ٳ
Ҷǳ׾ҵսı֮Ӷй߽ս
ãǵսҪˣ
սɫһ䣬е
г˲š
ŶãǵսȻҪҶǳıˡ
Ҫ֪ǿǰ˸ʥһս
ǿʵȻԶԶҶǳ
Ҷǳµʲôز
ѵռ֮ˣôֲ𣿡սеˡ
ͬǰʥҶǳʵԳ̫ˡ
ҶǳĻ磬ֱӾͰǴˡ
ԭҶǳʵͱǿֱ࣬ӱսǻôԿҶǳ
סһҪסս󣡡Ԩ̵۷ʥҲЩˡ
սǶ޷ֵҶǳʧȥսǻôԿҶǳ
ӵʵȻ֮ǿ֮УԨؿҶǳгš
ǵõһμҶǳʱԷŻߵһѣûз
ڶμҶǳʱҲֻһͨʥ
μҶǳԷѾǿֵز
ѹִеӶ̾ſλƬɵǱȫǻ󷨣õʮ߿λƬȻٽնɱһٶеλƬ
Ԩ뵽֪Ҷǳ
ֻҶǳôϾ̺κһ˸ҵĴᱻշѹɷɻҡ
ҶǳʱûʸԿ󳬼
ռ
Ҷǳץסǰս©֮󣬱һϵеǿռĻ壬߶˼ޡ
䣡
ƥĽ⣬ҵĽâǰս˺ˡ
һ̣˸ʥ֮̿ɫҶǳǰʥɨȥ
򡭡
˸ʥҲȫ߶Լϧûսټǵʵɣܹӳս͵Ŀ
һռͰһʥķ顣
һԳԨ̵ͨʥ֮󣬱Ҷǳһ߷ɳȥ
ţҶǳʼɱһʥеʥ
ʱ
ԨȵҶ֣ǴӦˣԶǾſλƬ
һ䣬ҶǳеʥʱͣסˣƥĽâȴǰĿռ䶼ˡ
İ˸ʥһ󵨺
ԨսŵؿԨȻҶǳʵܼɵûҪҶǳҶǳɱ
Ԩһ˵ҶѾ֤ʸǾſλƬʵǲͬ⣬һһ˵ءǸʱ˭ܸ᣿˵Ǳܹҵʥ⣿
ԶĬˡ
֮ǰǻĶԿҶǳǾղŵս֮ǷǳٶİʥҶǳĶ֡
лͿջñƣҶǳڰʥ֮оǿģʥٶ࣬ɱġ
ͬ⣡Σʥ˵ɫĮֻǿҶǳг˼ɵ֮ɫ
ǿߣǻǺ𾴵ġ
ðɣԨ̵ʥҲͬˣ¶һεĿЦ
Ӧ̵۷ʥû뵽ǰ˸ˣȻһ˴ˡռ֮ô𣿡
˵գҶǳЦϧվ޷ʥһȥϾܳʥһλƬǾͿһ̤ʥ硣ʱ򡭡
Աߵսӹ磬һмؿҶǳߵʱǰǾ͸ϲࡣ
Ƿϻ˵𣿡ҶǳԵƳһսϳ˳֮ɫ


1476 Ƭ
ҶǳĻ˽һ㶡
Ҷǳûˣ˵˵ˣ͸Ͻģ͸¶ӵλƬ顣
Ҷǳûٶ࿴սһֱۣˣսζըˡ
ҶǳѾĿɨԶЩһ𾪵ĴԪ˧ǿǡ
Ҳһҷģ
Ҷǳв֮⡣
ЩԪ˧ǼǿǶȻǸղſǿҶǳͬһɨ˰λʥֱ̬
һµǿߣ˸ʥ۷ˣοǣ
ʱЩԪ˧ǿǾͶ׷׶Żġ
Ҷǳǿƣǰ˸ʥƤһǵжӹһ˿ŭ
Ʊˣǲòѡͷ
İɣԨ̾˿Ц
һεͷһ֮ǰûзϣ붼ơ
İʥҲˣǸǻ½콾վ˻½۷壬ҲֻЩʥܹѹˡ
ȴһСӱŷģ̫ˡ
ҶǣսҧгݣصҶǳҲòġ
˷ģҶǳʱ¶ЦݣЦܺãǴ󷨣õʮ߿λƬ
˸ʥĬȻϾõһλƬˣȴǺܺá
ΣԨ˵Ҷ֣㾡ܷԸġ
˵꣬˴˵Ҷһ£ѾˣѵǲõλƬ𣿡
ԣİʥŻһɫ֮ǰôҶǳˡ
ҵķս󣡡
ҶǳʼλʥǺԼսѾΪ󷨴ʦȻս
ңҶǳõЩսԶԨ֮ǰɵսǿࡣ
ⲻҶǳս֮еİλʥǸܵսĿֲܡ
ǵսǿ˼սйʮʱ䣬ܻ󷨡Ԩһ̾˵
սȻҲʶսǿ󣬵ǲˬҶǳߵʮꣿǿֻˡ
ҶǳƳһۣ󣬵Ȼûʮʱ䡣
սһѲɻƽ󷨣
Ҳ󷨰׳˵Ҷǳ
㡭սôŭ
Ԩȵˣһϵģǻ벻õλƬˣ
սһٶԡ
ҵĲߣҪߴҶǳŰ˸ʥǰ֮С
󷨱ķǳãû߶ãҶǳͲòͣ޷ǰˣҿʼĿλá
Ҷǳһ⣬Ҫλñʾ
ⲻ󷨱ɣԨüҪ֪ھڣһ󷨱Ǿˡ
սҲһɵؿҶǳ㲻ҪûɱǣöλƬɣ
ҶǳԼǰ׳ұ˾󷨱ʲôôοҪɱǣԼõ
ԨҲԣҶǳ棬һͬھ
ã춯ְɣԨ˵
˵һ֣󷨵İ֮£ǵһ𣬱ҶǳٿţĿꡣ
Ҷǳڣһλʥһֲףݺݵغ֮ϡ
¡¡
󷨶ʱŵðλʥɫһ䣬̲סӳȥ
ãֻǲƬָ̣ȶǱǹĵطһȱڡ
ɹˣǼ棡Ҷǳʱ¶ЦݣŰλʥǰ
Ҷǳһߣһ߶˵Ȼȫ˽󷨣ǻܹһЩ©רųЩ©ڲ߽󷨣ٶҪöࡣһ˳Ļʱ䣬Ǿܳɹƽ󷨡
꣡
λʥԣǵһ
Ǳ¶ϲɫʱ䣬ǻܵȵ
û뵽ҶһҲôߵĳɾͣ츳ʵҵȺգռ֮δлΪǿߡԨпҶǳĿЩϧ
İʥҲͷҶǳ츳ľ塣
սֻ˵Բȱʵ֤ã츳̫ˣҪʡ
ҶǳսСǣоǰ󷨣һѧϰһѰ󷨵©˹Щ©
֪ʶƽ£Ҷǳһӽ󷨵ĺģӽʮ߿λƬ
ʱţʱת۹ȥˡ
һҲֹƵʱʮ߿λƬʱ˵
һ˲䣬ҶǳͿ˵Ŀⶼһۺ첻ѡ
ߣҶǳһ̰֮еİλʥҶǳ֮ǰչֳǿʵ
ԨһȻкܲᣬ˵Ҷ֣Ǵ󹤳̣ðɡ
ҧгݣսȭͷҲûз
Ҷǳ֮ǰչֳʵ̫ǿˣǿֶΪѾˡ
ҶǳûˣǰȥеľſλƬ漴һ֣ʣµİ˿λƬֱ𶪸ˡ
λʥæסԼλƬƵʲôһٵ
ʱ䲻ˣǲֻܾܵȳȥԺˡ


1477 뿪
еľſλƬҶǳɵ¶Цݣ֮ǰսõһλƬһʮλƬ
õúãʮλƬܹǲʮλʥˡ
Ҷǳмѣؾõ񼶲ϣõôλƬֱջ
ڲףѹֻôˣҪؾ
ֱһ󱦲ء
̽鵽ģֻǻؾıɽһǣ滹֪˶ٴ󱦲ء
һֱѹΪڰʥ磬´λ˵أҶǳ뵽
ףܲ
Ͼһε˲ˣʵĻĲ̶Σ
ԣѹΪüʵС
񼶲ϣΪʱûˣȳȥԺֻʥ
Ҷǳֻ֪ʵˣϾ˻壬ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ʵǿ
뷨ǣٷ֮һ٣ΪǿߣȻ뿪½ǰ硣
ڻ½ûгԽ񼶵Ĳϣڻ磬϶кܶࡣʱԼΪͻƣҲ̤񼶡
ֻǣԽѶԽҪΪ񼶵ǿߣ֪ҪѶʱ䡣
Ҷ֣ʣʱˣǲ綼ۼȴʱɡ
ԨȻҶǳĳ˼˵滹ħʥ˺Уҵڴ˵أҲиӦ
Ҳ˵ͷǵԵһλħʥˣǼ·һ
ǣǾۼһҶǳôĴڣȻҲӰȫһЩ
ãҶǳ˵ͷʣʱˣҵʲôأǰȫڴ˵صȴʱɡ
Ҷǳûڴ˵أǳȥоǰԨƵ󷨡
оôһǿΪǳû󷨡
λħʥĹĻǾһ񼶵󷨣ʱٿ˵λħʥˡ
ż̫ˣһֱȵҶǳûټλħʥˡ
ǿĳ
о󷨵ҶǳȻйâһ
ܹܵؾųǿΧĿռ䶼ʼŤˣҪС
ҶǳŵֿǸ޷⣬ų̫ǿˡ
ҶǳƣʥڴˣҪųȥ

ԶĽУһȺҲˣΪ׵İλʥҶǳ
Ҷ֣пǱ͡ԨҶǳЦ˵ȻηλƬЩˬܹõһλƬҲǴؾĿġ
οҶǳлôλƬ׼ȳȥϵһ£ܴܲҶǳнλƬ
ϾⶫҶǳûãҶǳûȥҲҪõġ
ԨҶǳô󷽣еʮλƬͳȥ϶һЩ˽
ԣԨҶǳùϵ
пһȥġҶǳ˵ͷ
ҲҶǳкҲɵĿġ
ϾҶǳԶǸ޷Ҷǳֻѡˡ
ֻսһûᣬΪ֪ԼҶǳѾ˺ҶǳǲܰλƬġ
ԽԽˣλһˡȻһλͨʥ˵
ҲΧĳԽԽˣЩԪ˧ǿߣһųȥˡ
ȻЩͨʥٵԨЩ۷ʥ
ҶǳĿ˱ųȥȫӲֵֿų
䣡
ͻȻԶһǿϢ
ʥ˼Ϣ
Ҷǳ۾һɣоЩϤǵһελħʥˡ
ɣϧҪˡҶǳѾܹħʥŷŭˣϧѾųȥ뿪˻ؾ
¡¡
ħʥ˸ʱ˶ʧˡ
һΣһҪɱȺϣħʥɭǿݻƬش

½ԵƬؾĹĻϺȻһ󶶶һ̣һѷ֣Ҷǳе˳
ˣ
Ҷǳһ󣬾ͷųԼʱܵϤĻ½
Ǿʵһǧ갡ϧûȥһλؾˡҶǳЦЦ漴ֱӷʱԾǨʧڴ˵ء
һ·ϣҶǳûˡ
ȻȥʱǿͳһȥǳʱǶǱ漴ųģͬһص㡣
𡢻սǣҶǳͨϵġ
ʣЩ˶ʥˣֻǳʥ˾磬ֽСʥ
ҶǳЩĽԾȥҪչһΣԼĻٷ֮ʮﵽʥľ硣


1478 ʥƻ
ҶǳʵΪҲ˰ʥ磬ʱÿһνʱԾǨԽľ붼ǳ
һ£Ҷǳ͸ϻ֮ǡ
ڵٶȣ²Щʥѷɫˡǰ֮ǣҶǳ뵽
̧𲽷Ҷǳһͽ֮ڣ֮ǵ󷨶ƣȻԺ谭ؽȥ
ҶǳΪٿ֮ǵĻ󷨣Щˡ
ʱ䣬ͽ󷨻²û󷨡Ҷǳ뵽
ڻؾɱ˲˺ħȻҲõ಼ĲϣȫԲһЩǿʥ˼󷨡
ϧΪΪƣ޷ó󷨣Ȼһʧˡ
Ҫ֪Ĵ֮Կͳλ½Ϊǵϳػֱһʧ
ټ󷨣ǵϳֱֻҪ񼶵ĵϺƿǵϳ
Ϊڲ֮أǲܰ½
ҶǳȻûԲó󷨣Ҳܹ֮ڲ֮ء
ϧҪó󷨣ҪܶĲϣΪʥ˾С
û취ڻ½ʥˣһȤҲԺԲó󷨡
ţҶǳѾҴѶëǹ
յϢë˶ʱ۶
һ˷ܣ˴˵϶ڴ֮ɫǶ֪Ҷǳȥ˻ؾγп˸ߵĲΡ
ȻǿҶǳ˲䣬ͷԼѾԶԶ͸Ҷǳľˡ
ǰҶǳֻһǻܿó
ڣҶǳѾǰʥˣΪԶԶԽǡ
֮ΪߵģҲΨһһСëҶǳΪ
Сӣɴ𣿲԰ǴҲӦÿԿ͸Ŷԡë̲סʵ
ԣҲ۾һĿƵؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦЦ˵ǴѾﵽʥˡ
˻
˶ʱһ
ëɴ۾ŵСӾõ񼶲ϣҲ磬ôô죿
ΪⶫҶǳ΢΢һЦóһλƬ
ʲô
ëɻ
ҶǳЦŽλƬôһ飬ʱ˶ˡ
⡭ⶫȻֱӳʥë۾Ӷɳˣһ̰ؿҶǳеλƬ
˵Ҳ𺳡
ҶǳЦ˵Ŵ۷ΪôֻҪһλƬܳʥڵΪҪλƬܳʥ
СмλƬңֻһ飿ëæʵ
ҶǳٺЦջܴһõʮλƬ
˿𾪵ô˵ǲ̺ܿӵʮλʥˣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦ˭̤˴۷徳磬ʥ
Զһ˷ܣʥǰ붼룬ǰȴһͨ
ҶǳɨǰһۣëΪ䡢ӡѩꡢС塢롢޸ŮԪȵȡ
ѾʮˣʮλƬá
ô䣬Ҷǳо˵ʱֻʮλƬ˭̤۷壬˭á
ǳƽҡͷ츳ڵΪѾˣҳʥֱ˷ѣҹƶû硣
Ҳ˵ͷ츳ǲЩλƬˡ
ҶǳЦ˵ǿԷģѾõ˽ؾƣԺǾ㲻ҲܹؾˡԣԺǲһлõλƬ
ԣʱһϲ
Ϊ˼Ƭ̣ͽĻʮλƬֻʮСʥЩ㡣
ʦ˵ʲôҶǳʵ
Ϊ˵СʥǿܹǿùʥϾʥˣٶ༸Сʥǲ̵İ󡣵ǣλƬͳһλʥǾǿǲ̵ʵ
˵ĲҲͬͳһʥӦͳλʥʮСʥ㡣Ҳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ǿǵĺܶԣʱãǾͰλʥԺҲлõλƬ
˵꣬ҶǳͿԱߵëЦ˵ھΪߣȻһỨһЩսһһЩ㾡̤۷壬ȻλƬɴʥ
漴ҶǳûҸ֮еëǿˣЦ˵ʣµĸͿԼʵˣ˭ȳʣµλƬġ
ܹƽҶͬ⡣
ңĹϵܺãҲûʲôɼʵġ
Ϊ͹䡢ԪֱӾ;ܾˣҪѻЩ󱲡


1479 Σ
ؾ֮нӴĻ½ԣⲢûʲôӰ죬Ϊˣǲ֪ؾĴڣ֪Ҳ޷룬ԸӴΡ
ֻЩĴΪλؾ֮У𶯡
Ԩ̡Ӧ̡ϷȵȣΪеӺͻӵõλƬԷǳˡ
ֻԨսп˵ʮ߿λƬһֵֻһ飬ʣµľſλƬҶǳ
ϧѾ֮ǣ޷͸¶ϢֻؿҶǳңڡвˬǣֱӱչλƬ׼ʥ˾硣
ֻʥһλƬʥҲ̳ɾʹʥ
ʱǺȥһҶǳЦһ²ܳʥҶǳǳ
˻ϲǣ̺˵õλƬȴûжջ
ӣ۷ʥĴڣǶǼ˶ûеõλƬʵʧ
ǻս֡Ԫ䡢˾嫺˵õλƬѾڳʥ˾磬˷ǳ𾪡

ʹ
ŻӺʮ߻Ӳһ˳˵ɫǳѿΪǸղŶʸѵһ٣ΰʱ¶˺ʧ
۷ʥȥȻûеõһλƬʵǳ衣
ң˶޷õλƬҲˣǻս֡Ԫ䡢˾嫺ЩԪ˧õλƬȴƫƫλûеõ˵ʲô
˵λӻ˼ҴԪ˧
һֱ̫֮λڿ˶û⡣
ʮߵܣ𣿡ŻͻȻƳĬԱߵʮ߻ӡ
ʮ߻תͷŻӣһɫĶԷ˵Σ
սλƬСռ֮ǲõõǿλƬġŻ
ʮ߻۾ŻӣҪ֮
㲻𣿡ŻЦһҪΪҲ֪ڴʲôҪλƬ
ʮ߻Ҳûзǵ˵ȡ裬
ǾͿ˭ȵõǿλƬˣŻӴЦһתȥ
ʮ߻˾ŻӵıӰһۣȻҲѸȥ

Ѫ̡
һɫϵӣǰˣ˵˵ʲô˵һ飿
Ѫ̵һϣνؾ֮еĸˣ˿һ˵νؾˣ
أ
Ѫ̵Ľһӣŭ˵ʲôʮλʥȫ𣿡
˵ͷռϢڹħ𹬵ʱģʣµһҶǳ˵նɱʣµʥڴһżʱʧٵģ˵ҲҶǳйء
ҶǳеϤѪ̵Ľ۾򿪻磬ʼѯҶǳϢ
ܿ죬֪ҶǳһЩϢ
ռ֮鹥֮ǳ̽ȵȣЩϵϢڻ֮вó
ԭùšѪ̵ĽȻѹЩϤ
ռ֮Ҷǳһùš
츳ҶǳǹϵľĿϧռ֮ע޷ʥ
ĻЩҶǳˡ
ʥǷҶǳйϵǼȻҶǳȻɱѪӣ鲻ܷβȥǽҶǳ
Ѫ̵Ľ漴
˵˵ͷ漴Ҷǳе׽
Ѫ̵Ľߵһνؾһó͸ΪǽҶǳĴۡ
ǣ˵˵ͷŴæȥ

һ֮УŻĹЦǵ˯˾ͷȫѹ˰λѪ̵ĳϹһ𡣡
һʮ߻ҲյѪ̳ǰϢԼԷĿġ
˼Ǹһûᣡ
ʮ߻ǳһĨŵЦݣͨϵԶ֮ǵҶǳ
ʮ߻ӣ
Ҷǳ²֮ǵĻ󷨣ͻȻյʮ߻ӵĴѶ̾ͽͨˡ
ϢǱʮ߻ӵӰ¶ҶǳǰǰҶǳҡͷڸոգѪ̵ĳѾ۶ʣ㡣ΪۣһνؾʱѪ̻͸
ʮ߻ӵĻҶǳɫʱһ䡣


1480 ׼
ҶǳϵѪ̻Լѣû뵽ô죬ŸոմӻؾԷжˡ
ңԷΪ˴ȻóؾЩ󰡡
ϾЩ̣ÿҲֻʮؾһ˵ʧ̫ˡ
ȻԼȻɱѪ̵ĵӣ˾ܵƣҪ
лʮ߻ѣ
Ҷǳһǰʮ߻ӣʵ֪ʱ׼ôҺôҲ֮ǵĳʱ¾ңѵ´˳ȥı𣿡
Ǻǣ½ô꣬Ŀɲġ
ʮ߻ЦǿǾԵʵ֪ʵڣʲôĶģ˭ʱµľ
Ҷǳһ֪Է˵ĶԣֻҪʵǿĶġ
һǿΪ磬ĹҲǿƶġ
Ѫ̺ǿߣǿƽȽԽס
Ĳֻ̣һߣѪ̺ֻһֻ϶ѡ
Էһֻϵˣѵᵣֻϵķ
϶ᣡ
Ҷǳǰʮ߻ӣʵʮ߻ӣǵĹϵûôãΪҪң
˲˵ΪıеһλƬʮ߻ûԼĿģҶǳֱ˵ңҳΪʥܳΪ̫ӣʱһ仰ܱס
ʮ߻ӣ㵱ǰ׳𣿵Ϊ̫ӣһжѾˡ
ҶǳҡҡͷȷҵİȫҲŻὫһλƬ㣬㲻ŵĻҿġ
ʮ߻˳Ĭ۾Ҷǳƺڿǡ
Ҷǳĵȴš
ͬʱҲ˼İ취
Ѫˣǿĵˡ
ϾѪǻ½ͳ֮һʵ
ĳ½ҲֻоŸֱָ
һȻԲܹġ
Ƕ㣬㲻
ûıԻ֮ء
һλƬֵõġ
лоſλƬ
ȻڱеڱϾŸոճʥҪñΪҶѪ̣ʵ
ԣĿǰ˵ֻܹҡ
Ҷǳг˼š
࣬շֻ֣ܹ
ϾﾭӪ˺ܶ꣬Ӵ
ȥԷ
Ͼû˻ΪһܳʥǿѪ̡
ãҴӦ㣡
ͻȻʮ߻ӿ˵
Ҷǳ˿漴ģֻҪʮ߻ӱסͲ̵İΣ͸һλƬ
ʮ߻ӿҶǳ֮ų˵һᷢе˵㰲ĵŰɡ
һ䣬ʮ߻ӵӰɢˡ
ҶǳɫأûжٰģΪһεĵѪ̣ͨʥء
ǿѪǰʮ߻δػá
˲翿ʮ߻ӹȻ԰æҲִС
Ҷǳ򿪻磬ϵս֡˾嫺Ԫˡ
Ƿ飬ҪΣεæǱð
Сˣ˵ı󣬶Ӵ
ңˣѾɹΪʥˡ
ֻһСʥǵӰҲǰࡣ
յҶǳĴѶ֮Ͼͱ֤֧
ˣҶǳɲġ
ԼʵǸ˵İֻǽ
Ҷǳ
ëǼϡ
֮ǣĴ
Ҷǳˣɫصؽ֪ǡ
˶ʱüͷ
Ѫֲ̣̫ˣǾ޲ߡ
ϾʲôıƣڶԷǿʵǰǶǲһ
ʱңͽֻѡͳһλʥˡΪ˵
ɫصһܲΪҲǷ˷λƬˣܹͳٴʥͳٴʥٻе
ҶǳʵһľҪ˵
أҶǳëˡ
ëɫѵ˵ͷ˵λǰ˵öԣǿ˵нؾƣԺеǻõλƬ
ҶǳˣǶ˵ͷ
ãǾͳλʥһλƬ㹻ˡ
Ҷǳİ
˳ΪʥҶǳƬ̣ǾëСȳɴʥ
һצһצһǲˣҲĲˡ
Ǳ޴󣬶Ǿˡ


1481 ˫˫ʥ
Ҷǳѡûκ飬һǸܺãἵëС塣ЩλƬҶǳƴģҪ˭͸˭
鶨֮ҶǳʹСëǰɽչسʥ
ҶǳóλƬֱëСλƬɫ˵һûѸλƬٶȳʥ
ɣүЩȲˣٺ٣ʥû뵽үҲгʥĻᣬڴëһ˷֮ɫ
СҲЩڻֻһһʥ˾磬Ǵʥֱһ漣ֱһ졣
Ҷǳżеˣúľǳʥ֮󣬻ҪӦһʵıȻǸƲǵǿ
ף
˵˵ͷ漴ϥ£ʼλƬ
ҶǳҲϥǰٿػ𣬰λƬ
ȻǵʵҪλƬǻ֪Ҫȶꡣ
˻ͲһܹܿλƬҶǳΪڻƿطǳӦ֣˵ëСˡ
䣡䣡
һλƬ֮˵ΪڱһӾͳ嵽˰ʥ硣
ȵڶλƬ֮˵ʵͳ嵽˰ʥ۷塣
ҪʥôϾܳʥֻǳΪСʥ
ⲻҶǳĿģҪ˳ɴʥԿʼλƬ
¡¡
λƬʱ˵ʵѾѹƲסˣҪʥ
Ҵ뿪֮ǣȥʥ
ҶǳһץסëС壬ʩչʱԾǨһ뿪֮ǡ
ٺУֱ֮زͣ
ϡ٣ûߵټʥᱻ˷֡
̲סˣ
ëһϵǿϢҲס˲ͳ񷡣
䣡
еƲ㶼˺ˣǿֲϢ·Ҫǿ
;֮һſǳķ飬֮ꡣ
ëɢϢԽԽֲǿҶǳļ²ѣæѸٺˡ
ʥ˲εڶԶԶ޷Ĵڡ

һߣСҲڱʥ˾硣
λƬ֮ѾԲ磬Ѿںϳһ
ԣ׾ٵؾͳɹ̤ʥ˾磬һڼŴʥ
ҶǳԶԶţëС屻صķİǵľ磬Ѿɲ⣬޷͸
ëСֳһƵֹ˳ӣᴩ磬ʱͿռ䶼޷С
˳֮УϤӰڳų
ҶǳһϤӰëС塣
ǣëС岻Ǿǰ˭
Ҷǳֻ̫֪Ҫ˴˳Ǿǳɹһ̡
ʱ䣬ûҶǳȴãΪëСʵ̫ǿˣǺܿͳ˳ӡ


˼ͬʱһĳХ
һ̣ҶǳëСʳױˣúһˣƳƬء
˳ӣҲʧˡ
ëСһһƬرòǢˣȴܹٿƬص
ˬоװƬصļȫ£ﵽ⣬궼ɢһɵĸоëЦ
СҲѣЦŵͷ˵Ҳָо̫ˡͷ·ѾԽƬأһߵĲΡ
ǵĻҶǳ¾ʥ˾֮Ϊˣʥ֮²ϣʥ˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ë̾ڸоֻҪһܵƬصó֣ɱˡ
ûв´ĻʥҶǳƬصγɵʥ
ϧˣҶܹʥ϶ǸǿСЩź˵
ҶǳЦǳʥҲ㹻ˣңҵò˶ãܹʥ
ٺ٣СӣڿǴʥˣѾԽˡëһЦ
ҶǳƲҪ˶ãҾͻ³Խ㡣
ߣСӱţ̫磬үҲŬȡ׷ϵĻᡣëߵ
ҶǳС˵ƿԼʵȻ֮ˡ
Ҷ磬ǺܿͻȥС˵ͷ
ëŻ֮صķɭЦ˵֮һλҴʥҺСȥһ٣˵ܿסԼˡ
ҶǳɫѵСĵ㣬ԷȻҲǴʥһϱʥʵǿˡ
İɣǾ򲻹Ҳܹߡë˰֣漴С뿪ˡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷȸϻ֮ˡ


1482 
ص֮ǣҶǳͿʼָ֮ǵĻ󷨡
λؾ֮Уɱ˺ܶԪ˧ǿߣаʥǿߣõĲϣʥ˼󷨶㹻ˡ
Ҷǳ׼󷨣һһ֮ǵӵ¡
ʱëСʥԷӳʥ˼󷨵
󷨵ټǵʵٶĴʥ޷֮ǣʥ
Ҷǳ뵽
ʥ˷ΪСʥʥʥʥһĸΡ
УСʥкܶ࣬ǴʥһЩʥ͸ϡˡ
ÿһλʥڻ½Ƕվ۷壬ÿһһ̣ܹӵеĹʥָ
ʥֲεǿߣںһУײ
ңǱͳ׷ߵľ磬֡
ҶǳãԼһСӦòѪɳʥԸ
οҲһλĹʥԼںС
ԣõ󷨣Ͽһʧˡ
ȻԷһλʥǿߣôҲпشλʥ
ԽǿԽϧԼ
ҶǳѪֲʲôޣŶԷĹʥΪɱƴ

ҶǳĴ֮ǲʱڲѾһɷ籩
ɷ籩ҶǳڻؾɱѪ̵ĵӣȻѪǲҪˡ
飬Ϊ漰Ҷǳ漰Ѫ̣ԹעǳߣѾߵۡ
ңЩ۵ߣǵײĵ߲ȥˡ
ҶǳĵӻǴ󰡣ȻҹȻɱѪ̵ĵӣֱ
Ѫ̵ѵͲɱѵֻɱˣ˷𣿡
˵ĲؾֵطΪ˱ԣǺȻġң̶֪й涨ڻؾڽԹԲǣ
˵涨ϾؾҲǵһοˣǰɱЩ̵Ҳǻɱɱȥƾʲô漰ҶǳҪ
ԣҶǳôˣƾʲôѪһ仰ҪǽѪ̲һ𣿡
ΪѪ̵һ仰ҪҶǳȥԺѪٿڣǲǻҪˣǵĹأ

Ѿ졣
ˣȻվҶǳߵģϾѪ̫ǿˣúܶ˶ˬ
ңҶǳ˿ܹϮնɱѪ̵ˣʵúܶжˬѡ
Ҷǳ֪ϵķ籩ʱǻսִѶġ
ţĳվˣ˸ɵ𣿡
ҶǳյսֵѰ˼Ҳ鿴һ»ϵʱ¶Цݡ
Ȼ˵ûʲôãʱͦõģվ˴һߡ
ⶫȻѪ̶֣ȴӰľߡ
ǣʮ߻ӸɵģŲȥġս˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵лˡ
һСѣǺʮ߻ˣȵߵģռݴ塣
սּ˵Ȼ󣬱Щ˿˵ˣֻռ˴壬ټȨƣӰ쵽ʱµľߡ
ҶǳʲôҪģ
Ͼ飬пܣȻҪȥ
֮ǲŷչûʲôҪġս룬ͻȻʵѪ̵ĽԹԭ֤֤ǲԣǾܳռݴˡ
УҶǳЦˣǰѺѪ̽Թľ¼ˣϾѪ̫ǿˣȻҪЩ֡
£ҶǳͰƵϷ˻ս֡
սֿ֮󣬲ɵŭܻ˵Ⱥ쵰̫ɶˣҲãЩϣǾܳ£ˡ
£ս־ͰЩƵϷ˻棬ʱ˴򿪹ۿ
һµʱ䣬ˣ֪ҶǳΪθѪ̽Թˡ
ǿѪ̵ˣֻ·Ͼú棬㿪ײֱ˸ûðɡ
żѪ̵ˣֻǿҶǳˬֶԸҶǳ
νԹҶǳûȿ˵һ仰ȫܵѪ̵ӵĹ
˺ܷŭǾѪ̵̫ſˣ黻ǣ¶޷ܡ
ңҶǳһξѾڶѪ̵ҪɱҶǳѵҶǳ
һʱ䣬ĳվҶǳߡ


1483 ǿ
ҶǳƵڻ湫֮󣬼˶վҶǳһߣ棬ָѪ̡
Ѫ̵˺ܷŭѪ̵ĵӺͳϣڻвˣ˭ں˵˵ҪԸ˭
ǵвûãΪڣȻķڡ
ָѪ̵̫ˣ˶ָѪ̡
ôˣѪôԸ
ѪҲֻǻ½ľŴͳ֮һǻûжԳưԻ½ܻὫɱ
οȨߣҲѪɱԼڵ
ԣڻϣѪѾΪ˺Ĺˡ
ʮ߻˵ģվǿ˵㡣
ȻѪ̵ЩãǱͲǺںֻҪʵǿ˭СѪ̣
ۻϵôѪ̣ǾŴͳ֮һ
ԣѪ̵ĳϣ۶̸ԸҶǳ

֮ǡ
ˣ
ֵķʱҶǳ˵һ󷨵Ĳá
󷨣ʥϲõģЩ϶֪ܹƳټʥˡ
ɵһ̣ҶǳǷǳġ
վڳϿգҶǳٿƣʥ˼󷨵ǿ϶ʱ¶Цݡ
Ԥ֮еĻҪǿ󣬿Щ󷨶Իģǻײ󷨣Ȼ½Ҫǿ󡣡
Ҷǳһŵһʥ󷨣¶ܵסһЩʥĹǴʥ֣µסʥϣ
󷨵֮ǿҶǳ֮⣬еǳϲ
Ĵ󱣻֮ǾİȫˣѪ̳սܶԸ
ֻɱѪ̼ӣѪӦòô嶯
ϾǲʥضǣѪ̲ɱһֻϣͳȫ
õڶ󷨣
һ󷨵ǿ֮Ҷǳʱʮ㣬ʼõڶ󷨡
ڴʱȻǿϢѸٽӽ֮ǣҶǳͨ󷨵һʱ͸Ӧˡ
ʥӦǼС壡Ҷǳʱһ
ȻϢһЩʱ͸ܵëСϢˡ
ѾӦ˱ʵˡ
ҶСӣǻˣδëѾ˽
أ
Ȼһ̣ǾͱǴסˡ
ô£ëɴ۾ϸǰĻǴ󣬾ɵô󷨸ıˣ
󷨣Ҷ͸С循˫⣬ȴᴩǰ󷨡
Ҫ֪ѾǴʥˡ
ʥ˼󷨣ұ֮ǰĻǴҪǿˡһԵëоһ֮ɫص
Ҳһ󷨴ʦֻǵ˻½ΪҪʵûмоˡ

ڴʱҶǳӰ¶ЦؿëС壬ϲ޵˵Ҹողõ󷨣Ƿ󷨣Կܲܽ乥ơ
ȷëߵڿǴʥȫ֣ǿģ»֪ʥӵжôǿ
Ҷ磬˵Ķԣڵʵȣ»ٻ󡣡ԱߵСҲ˵
Ҷǳ˰ֵûϵҲõģ㱻ǴݻҲûϵֻҪһʱ䣬ٲһ
ã˵ģǾԿɡëԣһֻ̧֣âǰĻǴ
Щâ̫ˣ಻꣬ǵأû֮ǡ
˿ֲƣǴʥһҶǳЩսľ
ʥ̫ǿˣڿһӲסҶǳЦҡҡͷ
ת֮䣬ëСͱôǿˣЩλƬ
ϧռ֮Ҳһʥˡ
¡¡
â֮ǵĻʱ󷨵ĹĻûлƣԱһ㲨ƶûн
ôܣ
ë״ɴ۾ǿһһλʥһشһСʥˡ
ڣȴһ󲨶ûн󷨵ķδҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
Ҫԭȵ󷨣Ѿүˡëһ̾˵
ҶǳЦϻڻؾѧϰ󷨣Ǵһǿ󷨣Ȼǿ
ë˵ͷ漴ĿƵ˵ڴﵽ˴ʥ磬ľҲ̤˵ΣȻЩ󷨴иңҲҪоЩ󷨡
㲻˵Ҳģһ֪һЩ󷨣ϧΪ̫òͿˡҶǳ˵ͷ


1484 ׵
󷨣
ëԣɵ˫Ŀ⣬ͬҶǳ·ңĶ󷨸Ȥս½ʼһֱо󷨣㵽½󷨴ʦ
Ҷǳ½ʱëħƴ½о۷壬ֻǵ˻½֮һֱΪûмоˡ
Ҷǳӻؾ˻ǿ󷨴Уʱ͸Ȥˣ޲̾󷨵ĺ嫺
СӣϽЩ󷨴нҡëȲ˵̽Ǵˣɼжô׷
ҶǳЦҡҡͷҲû뵽ëôȣеεľΪ˲̵δʵЩ󷨵ġ
󷨣ûһȤġ
ʱ䣬û壬ջñ䣬Լʵ
һֱã֮ΨʵǸ
ϾǴߵģֻš
ȻȻëȤҲֵôڸë
£ҶǳͽԼӻؾ֪ʶȫë
ëЩ֪ʶһӾסˣֻ۾â貣˶֮С
Ҷǳ̲ס˵о󷨵ʱǵһ£Ѵڲ̣ЩȤĺҲȥо츳ģҲΪͽ
ⶫŻǺõģһǿţȻٲǿʦ
ףë˵ͷЩ鶼ȤģȻƴǡ
үˣû²Ҫűүë˵Ȳȥչˡ
ҶǳҡҡͷɵÿС壬Ц˵Ȼˣ̽һ󷨵ķɡ
ãС˵ͷ
Сλʥȫ£ҶǳֵķȫסСĹֱ̩ɽ
󷨵ķܷʥˡСԵ̾
ҶǳЦ⻹ֻ󷨣󷨣һЩʥƲ˷ʥҲδز
ϧҲ󷨣֣Сɻһ󷨰׳ա
ҶǳӹȥһƣЦ˵ܲٿˣʱȲٿذɣȼأٸٿء
ţһԼġС˵ͷơ
漴СһǵʵҶ磬ô
Ҷǳ֪СʵʲôʱãʻԥҲվһߣټʮ߻ǵİʹʻû¶ġ˵Ѫ̻ڼӼۣջǻͬġ
СԺǸǾǡ
ʵʮ㡣
ţҶǳ˵ͷ漴ȤʵͼȥҴʥô
ܲҪȥ䡣СһڨڨϾתƻ⡣
ҶǳкЦ֪սҴʥĽ̫ãЦҳ⣬˵
С£ԴЦ֣ıףҿǽǰϳϳ֮УǾͱɱˡ
ôǿʥ֮Ĳ࣬Ҳô𣿡Ҷǳ𾪵
ڿʼЩףΪλҴʥܹͳ֮أʵȷǿ
ѾǴʥ۷壬ֻǴʥڣټǳʥ˾磬ս飬ǸСӺʹһС˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ⵹ġ
λҴʥѾʥ֪ˣȻʥսģСëǴһʥģǵս飬»ͨСʥҲѹֻᱻҴʥʹŹһˡ
úŬɣҲᳬԽġҶǳο
С˵ͷܱ׼ϱչأԼս顣
ҶǳСһص·˵Ҫȥһˣʱ֮ǵķͽˣʲôҪ֪ͨңһϸϻġ
ҶҪȥȥСЩȣôҪʱڣҶǳȻҪ뿪֮ǣЩɻ
ȥϷҶǳڽؾʱҷϢȣʱʵټҪϽؾˣȥЩûϢҺܵģҪȥ
ðɣҶԼСģһῴ֮ǵġˣҪҪϼ磿Сʵ
Ҷǳҡͷˣǿ֮ǣҲŻġ˵ǵٶȣҪǰҲܹʱ
СԵ˵ͷȷǴʥʵٶǺܿˣҶǳԶϷҲܺܿ͸Ϲȥ
صҶǳù󷨣ֱ֮󣬲Ŷ뿪֮ǣǰϷ


1485 ֮Σ
ǰϷ·ϣҶǳҲڷϢ񣬿ǳٳûϢ
ƺʧˡ
ӵ֪ûȻΪˡ
νʱԾǨҶǳѾִϷһ·Ǹȥ
ǵ¹ŵչŵ屻֮󣬾Ѿû֪ˡ
ڽ֮ҶǳԼȫϢ¹ŵ֮С
ŵڻϤһУûһ˿ϢֻǹŵĴǳģҶǳ̽Уûв鿴µټ
ǹŵ֮һƬǽ壬Ʊʲôֱײһ
ƷսӦ뿪ˡ
ҶǳϸعۿΧû̽鵽һõϢ
뿪˵أ˼̽ǵļ䣬鿴˵طʲô顣
ǳãҶǳ֪һЩϢ
ţȻǿڹײԼɳȥˣûӰ
Ҷǳ̽꼸ļ䣬ɫŹ
˵ѶϢʱ˵ǹײʥ˻ˣҰؽ˹ײ档
ٽ⼸ļ䣬ҶǳƲʱڹײ棬Ȼλʥ˲ٿŹײģɳǡ
ֻһȥȥ
Ҷǳɵüͷ
һͷûа˭֪λʥȥ˼ʥˣ·ٶȺܿ죬˵ѾϷˡ
ϧϷһûСһ˴һϢڱҲܹϷҵûдãʶʲôˡ
Ҷǳ˼š
Ȼ۾һ뵽һˡ
Ǿǰﳤշ򸾡
ȥǣǷ򸾴һϢǰǾǺܽӦû֪ʲôң˳㿴ǷЩúòá
Ҷǳֱ˺ѿռǰǡ
ٶȣԼʱƿأƬ֮䣬ִ˰ǡ
ʱٴǣҶǳпܶ࣬ǳ½һνĳǳء
ֻһССĴȴѾ۷ʥʵ֮ǿЩʥˡ

ҶǳϢǣȻ̽ԼѰŰﳤյϢ
ڻǿչ·Ƿ򸾲սԶǵϢҶǳǼǵõġ


˿̣ﳤպͷԷ򸾣һ֮ɫ
취ʥŵǵʱ䲻ˣѵҪ÷ɰʥţż֮ɫ
У
ﳤԥؾܾҶְִư壬нķ⣿ˡǶ֪ҶָʥУ÷ɰʥţʲôҶ֣ңҪ÷ɽҶɱ𣿡
̾ҵȻϣɽʥţʥŵĳһλС۷弶ǿߣֻǴ۷壬θǲɰѹϵ㽩˲ŸһЩʱ䣬ʱһҪǿд߷ˡ
ңﳤŭһûмǿб˰ʦĵңͲ÷ĻԹޣһ𣿡
ôôɵʥʥˣȫϴɵļ䣬ʱǸĸҪˡһĵ
ﳤһս˫ȭǳʹԼܣôûн磬һֱڴ۷壬ٳ޷ͻơ
ʥǺεȻҶǳǱƵϷο
ҶְɣҲֻܰˡӺȻ˵
ﳤ̾뵽ˣһѷ͵֮ȥҶڵֲǲ֪ܵѪ̵вѱʱȥ鷳
ҲһС۷壬Ҷڵʵ˵ֻСһѡ˵
ﳤճȻֻһСȴʥţҶڶͷôӦѪ̣˼һǿʥء
㲻ô֪вУҧ˵
ﳤüͷٵȵȰɣѪ̵ķ粨ȥҶڳæ

洫һ
漴ﶡɫҴҵش˽
ô£ﳤճʵ
ﶡ˵ˣֻһµʱ䣬һºǲɹӣǰ峹
ɺްﳤԣ͵һӣǰӶĵ֧顣
ﶡСؽҾûλ˰æɡ
ס죡ﳤյһۡ
ﶡʱ˵ˡ
ôﳤշѾ˰ľԿȨѾû˸ҷǵˡ
֣
ȻһϤﳤյĶС


1486 ײȥ
ʲôﳤնʱվ˼飬űһĿϲ
ȻҶǳģǾҶǳȥô꣬ǵá
ôԱߵķӱﳤŪһһէģɵɻ֮ɫ
ﶡҲɻؿﳤգλĪѹ̫󣬱Ʒ
ǣﳤոûǣǶЦ˵ҶּȻˣһ𡣡
˵꣬Ա߷㶵İﶡȵȥغţκ˽סҶֵϢȥȻ֪
ǣﶡһλˣмǸˣǽš
Щ꣬ҲڹעҶǳȻͱҶǳĳɳٶȸŴˡ
ȻҶǳѾѪ̣ܹѪ̣Ҳ֤Ҷǳڵʵжô¡
˵ҶǳѾһ߲ʵĴڣұѰﳤգΪҶǳĴڡ
Ҷˣڰﶡȥ֮󣬷Ӷʱһϲʵ
ȻѾҪﳤջشˣΪҶǳӰѾڴ֮С
Ҷ֣ʲôˡﳤԹȥӭӡ
Ҳϲɫظ˹ȥ
ٴμҶǳжǳпΪҶǳѾﵽһ󼰵ľ硣
֣ӣþò
ҶǳЦ
ǣҶǳ˵ڻǿչ·ӣһ¡
ǸʱǣԻ½ڴһ·ƴս
ֻ½֮ЩţҲΪ˷ˡ
һ֮УģҲֻҶǳˡ
ˣﳤշ򸾣ƽϡٵȵȣȫΪͨˡ

֮У
ﳤտǰҶǳʵҶ֣Ѫ̵飬Ҳڻ濴ˣӦúæŶԣôп
Բ˰ﳤһۣԼҲǲ˵æҶǳ˵ǸҶ֣֪ѣҲﲻʲôֻڻź
Ҷǳ˰ֵѪ̵ǲõģӦԣҲҪڻ˵ˣϾǲӰ첻ʵľһѪ̸ˣǶ˵ʵ̫Σˡ
ϣǣﳤշ򸾣ľͺˣʵ̫Ѫ֮䣬Ǽֱһϡ
Ҷ֣ô࣬Ҳֻź붼ùⲻȥﳤһ
ʵҶ֣ʲôҪǰæ𣿡
ãҶǳȻʱϷ϶Ҫ飬ȻѪ̵в£ҶǳϷŶԡ
ǺǣǷӴ
ҶǳЦЦ԰ﳤշ˵ҸǴһ顣
Ҷ˵ﳤæɫ
ҶǳʵǰҲһǧǰǲһڹײĴǷ˳ȥӰܴǰǾǺܽӦŲŶԡ
ﳤպͷӶһۣ漴˶Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ȷ飬ǵʱ˵Ҳܾȡﳤ˵
˵ǵõʱǻصȥˣǿڹײķɵ̫ˣһգ۾ʧˡЩֵǣʱǻӹײ洫˳
Ҷǳһڿȷǿڹײˡ
£Ҷǳæʵǿ֪ǿڹײ󵽵׷ȥˣ
룬˵Ƿɽʥţ
ȷǷɽʥţϢʥһλǰı
ﳤտҶǳɵúҶ֣ʲô
ʥţûиҶǳɴ۾š
ﳤյ˵ͷֹһ˿ǿڹײķʥţӦòд
Ҷǳ˳ĬüͷĽģⷬģﳤպͷȻк棬ҲûҴš
ʥţôȥʥţѵǿڹײʥˣʥŵǰ
ܣʥ棬ҿǵǿڹײĵ棬ʥŵնɱˣʥŵǰֹܲ
Ҷǳгɻ
ܺ棬λʥΪҪѹײĶʥȥѵͲԼĹײĻᱻʥŵʥ˸ˣ
ȻЩҶǳԲᣬĿǾȳ
ǣڹײ棬ײȴʥţôȳ
ֱӴʥ
ҶǳüͷҪʥţǿµýëУϾ˭֪ʥʲôǿʥˡ
Կ϶ʥӦòйʥǿڣȻʥžͲͨʥأ۷弶ʥˡ


1487 
ֻȥʥһˣΣʥš
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣б˾
ɱʥŵʱ͸һʥŵ˶֪Ĺϵһʥŵ˴ǿڹײģ¾ˡ
Ҷǳֻϣλʥ㹻ǿܹ֤ײĲʥŵ˴򿪡
Ҷ֣
ų˼õҶǳﳤյе
Ҷǳ̧ͷһǸ˼ҸղЩ顣
ﳤʵʲôܹæ𣿡
ˣѾҺܴæˡҶǳЦ˵ڰﳤǿڹײĵȥȻԼ֪õʲôʱ
Ҫ֪ڵʱǲ࣬ϾѪ̵ȥ
Ҷ֡ﳤտǰҶǳһĨԥ֮ɫ
󣬻Աߵķӿ˵Ҷ֣мҪ鷳㡣
ŶҶǳԺʲô飿
ﳤ̾ȲѣĲʱ鷳㡣
Ǻǣ֮䣬˵ʲô鷳ҶǳЦ˵һڻǿչ·ս飬Ǻܿصġ
Ҷ֣ġЩȲԱиӽɣ츳ܸߣʥһλҵĳϸˣҪΪͽ
ӣû뵽ǶкˣǹϲˡҶǳЩȡ
漴ʥŵĳҪհﳤշ򸾵ĺΪͽɵЦܹһλʥصĳͽǵĺ츳ܸߡ
ﳤߵǱʥҲˣ֪ҶʥŵĹϵ˵ʲôҲ÷ɰʥš
Ҷǳ̾лΪҿǣʵˣҸʥŵĶԹ޹ء
ﳤҡͷѣʥĵˣȻҲҵĵˣȻûʸʥΪУҲҵĺӰʥţȻΪС
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ʵôǸΪ𣿡
ӳΪǲͬ⣬ǸұǿǴӦһº󣬾Ҫǰ塣
ǿưԵҶǳԣʱɫһ䣬к˸
˰ʦ˼Ҳͬ⣬Ҫţ˰Ե治ʥš
Ҷ֣Ƕ֪æźѪ̵飬ԭǲ鷳ģ޲ˡ̾
ﳤ˵Ҷ֣ϣܹѷɴ֮ȥǲ̡
ӵͷ˵ʵ̫֮Զͷȥǲˡ
ǺǣλҪ̫żһʥŵĳϣΪһɣ
Ҷǳ˰֣ЦȥǸҵʥųϹһҿǵĺӣбͽܡ
Ҷ֣ڵӦòʺٶʥŰɡﳤճɵ
ҶǳҡͷʱʥţΪǿڹײĵ飬Ҳòʥٴζϡԣûǵ飬Ҳʥźù˳ǽ鷳
漰ǿڹײģﳤպͷӾͲٶˣҲ³ˣǿڹײĿ϶漰ҶǳĳЩܣԲ
ðﶡȥǸҡﳤյİﶡ
ҶǳǴϷ̫Զˣ飬ҲܼʱԸĻͰᵽ֮ȥɣһǰһطչ
һæ԰ﳤ˵Ҷֵǳãȥ֮ǣҲһɽ
ͿˡﳤտЦҪȥ֮ǣǰӴǵҪٴķã
ҶǳȻ𣬵ǴϷȥǴͷѾһʿ֧
˵Ҳˣ͵Ҫٳķá
ɣʱ価ټӵܷذǣһ˹ȥ֮ǡҶǳ漴˵
׼ë߰壬ëǴʥصٶȺܿ죬Ҫ󣬾ܴ뿪
ȻæŽԼܴ߰塣
òˣ鷳ҶˡﳤնʱϲɫԱߵķҲЦ档
Ҷǳ˰֣ЦСһ׮ؿȥ֮ǣҲǰҷչ֮ǡˣλɵĺأҿǺεʣȻʥŵĳȱ֮¡
ڰﳤշ򸾵ĺӣҲЩˡ
Ͼô˵Ҳһʥصĳϣ۹⻹ǺģȻΪһͽܣ󶯸ɸꡣ
ɴ˿ɼﳤշ򸾵ӣӦʺܸߡ


1488 
Ǻǣ꣬ȥзɹݼҶ֣һֱڵλҶ常лˡﳤЦŶԱߵķ˵
ӵ˵ͷҶǳһ񣬱ת̤뿪˴
ҶǳЦſﳤգϷŰꣿɣӵ֣ͿԿԷӣжôذ
Ǻǣˣأһֱû˵к֪ţţԲȱٺ֪Ǹһʼֻһˣ԰ɣ
ﳤЦŷʵ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴̾Ǳ¶ˡ
أʲôʱҼһﳤҲЩȣû뵽ԼȻ¶ˣղֻ˵˵ѡ
ҶǳЦ¼ˡ
ǸﳤæǸΪҶǳĺ֪ˡ
Ҷǳһﳤյı飬֪ˣ½͵ҵЩ⣬ҵǻˣ棬Ӷҽʶˡָ˼䣬ػˡ
Ҷ֣㲻ڿЦɣǻˣﳤյɴ۾š
Ҷǳʼ磬̾Ҳû뵽ôˣ֮ǰҶ֪ֱ½Ҳ֪
ﳤտЦҪŬˣҪȥ磬óΪǿ߲Сѹ˵ҼҲȷⱲʥδǸᣬ˵̤ˡ
˵ʵ֪ҶǳΪˣҶǳǲں
ҶǳǻˣϢʵ̫ˡ
磬ǿǱȻ½һεĵط
һֱŬҶǳ˵ͷĿг˼ᶨѾֱô꣬ɳδġ
ѾǿİʥʥҲԶˡ
ʥ˵һ׶Σ񼶡
ҶǳԼԽԽӽˡ
Ҳ˼ڴ
ɣ쿴λһֱҶ常ȥݼҶ常ڴʱӵ
Ҷǳתͷſڣֻһü֮䣬аﳤպͷӵʣؾ˵ĺӡɡ
ɣݼҶ常ڷӵĴ˽ЩؿһҶǳϹ
ÿ
Ҷǳַ̧ɣ漴¶һ˿ȣԱߵİﳤպͷ˵ӿ˲ãȻһΪѾﵽ˴۷壬ǻҪһЩ
ﳤһԺɵ츳ܺãҶ»֪һСΪֱһ漣
ǰԼҲֻǴһ˵ǵĺӳս͵ҲԱ˵
ҶǳԵ˵ͷ¶֮ɫ˵ȷһ漣˵츳죬Բŷֲܴڵ漣
ϣҶǳ㳯ǰİ̽ȥ˶
̽£ɵĸǳʵ˵ΪԼһģûʹʲôΪƷ
ǳã
ҶǳԽԽ⣬̲סͷޡ
ԱߵİﳤպͷӶһۣ˶ӱ˴˵пһ˿ϲ
Уһ˿ڴ
Ҷǳڼ̽ɣҲ͵͵ҶǳλҶ常һֱܺ档
ϾҶǳĴ½ҶǳһЩ¼Ҳڻܹҵõ
ɴӳţȻһЩԸ񣬵֪Ҷǳ֮󣬾ͳ׳λҶ常Ҳһ˿һĽ
ʵҶǳֳ츳½˶ʰ·硣
ռ֮
ĽΣ
鹥

ڵ֪ҶǳЩ츳󣬰ɾ;Լǵ츳ֱǸҶǳЬ䡣
һֱڴҶǳڵóԸˡ
ţλƬ
ͻȻ̽ɵҶǳ͵۾һɣ𾪳
Ϊ֮̽УڰɵԺ֮УһλƬ
ǿ̽ϸ¶ѷ֡
Ҷ֣˵ʲôʲôλƬﳤɻؿҶǳ
Ҳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ֻаɫһЩ𾪵ؿҶǳҶҶ常ܹǿصƬ
ܣΪֻһ˿Կõû뵽ȻҶǳ̽鵽ˡ
ǺǣͽӴǿλƬѹǿ츳
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴תͷﳤշ򸾣ЩĽعϲˣǵĺ˾ˣһλƬδעʥ
ﳤպͷԣ˶ʱͱˡ


1489 ͽ
ǵĺδʥ󣬰ﳤպͷ˳ˣ뾪ϲ֮С
ҶǳĻŲɵģϾҶǳѾӽʥǸˣ˵
һﳤǿѹסԼеϲ֮飬æʵҶ֣˵ǿλƬʲô
Ҳ档
ҲؿҶǳȻ֪ԼǿλƬܹеõһЩУ֪Ƕ
ﵽ񼶵ǿߣλλƬλѺһöƬ
ҶǳɫСһöССλƬܹλˣǿߡԣһöλƬУ̺һ۷弶ߣ̤ʥ硣
ﳤպͷԣһ𺳣Ǳпϲ
ǵĺ츳ܸߣδﵽ۷徳ǿ϶ģǸʱλƬܹ̤ʥ˾硣
û뵽ǰҲлᵮһλʥˡ֮ɫ
ǿʥ˰һһһλʥˣֻҪôļͻԶٸǿȥ
ﳤҲܼҪһЩתͷҶǳ˵Ҷ֣ȻԿڵλƬôҲܻῴóԣϣܹΪͽշŻõͳɳ
ԣҲڴؿҶǳ
Ҷǳʵ츳վ۷壬ܹΪʦǾǺӵĸ
ʹǲ˵Ҳ㡣
ҶǳԹЦЦݵؿǰİɣ΢΢ЦעܹʥҶһʥͽܣ˭᲻ͬ⣿
ﳤպͷԣн˿֮ǰǵҶǳѰɵλƬߡ
ϾǰǵҲѾ顣
ڣҶǳ֤ҪհΪͽɼû˼
Ҷ常֪ռ֮Ⱳע޷ʥʲôʸ̵ңȻɿ˵տտضǰҶǳ
֮еգͻȻ˼ž
漴ﳤŭô常˵ģ
ɣҶ常ǸҲæȵͬʱЩСؿҶǳ
ҶǳѾﵽһ󼰵ĵزҲǰ̬ȶԴҶǳ
ﳤշ°ɻᴥŭҶǳʱһҶǳ˶߰λƬ˼Ǿˡ
˵ʵ
ԼĸĸԵôݲȣŵ˵Ҷ常ԣδעʥҶ常ռ֮޷ʥġ
ӣﳤմŭ
Ҳŭ죡
ˣλ̫ҶǳæֵЦſǰİɣ˵⺢Ӻ˵ҲûһܳʥˣƾʲôΪͽ
Ҷ֣ǱǸ⺢ӴСǹ߻ˡﳤǸ
ҶǳҡͷֻǺӣΪ꣬㲻ʲôˡң˵ıûΪʲôҪ
ûȰﳤշ򸾼˵ҶǳЦؿǰİɣʵô˵ֻҪܹʥΪͽ𣿡
ɵ˵ͷ˵Ҷ常ռ֮˶ϲܳʥģҶ常ܹ漣̤ʥ˾磬ȻʸΪͽ
ҶǳЦŵͷ㻹ǹԹԸҿͷʦɣҵΪȻʱ޷ʥҵѾﵽ˰ʥ磬ʥҲԶˡ
ʥɵһ𺳵ؿҶǳû뵽ҶǳһϾȻô츳
ԱߵİﳤպͷҲһ𺳣ʥѶȣȻȲռ֮ҲȥԶ
٣ڻ½ʷϣܹʥˣָ
֮еˣҶǳЦ˵˵˵ڵʵɣΪǰʥǰʥټҵ츳ڰʥ֮УҼǿһ
˵꣬ﳤ˵ɫˡ
ˣλؾ֮Уɱ˼ʥѪ̵ʥɱġ
Ҷǳٶ׳һĴϢ
ﳤŴͣ𾪲ѣٳ޷ع
ҶǳЦؿǰİɣ˵ڵʵʸΪͽ𣿡
ʦϣͽһݣ̹ؿͷظҶǳаʦ֮

ҶǳЦԵúܿģ⻹ս½һͽء
ɵҲȷʸΪͽܣΪöλƬ֮⣬Ҷǳɰĳǿת
ϾһλƬԵ޹ʵܽӵĶĺڡ


1490 
ת⣬ս½½߶޷Ͼδ֤ʵ߿ת
ҶǳԼתģܹȷ
ΪɾǻһתͶ̥ҲΪʲôһӵбȼĸΪ
οڵλƬҲ֤顣
ȻЩЩ̫Ҷǳûиﳤաϸ˵
ܺãӽ쿪ʼҶǳͽˣҲǲ̵ŵӡ
Ҷǳ˼һת̾ͷɣóһöռָ
һЩ񣡡ҶǳЦ˵
ԣʱ¶ڴ֮ɫԼʦôӦò
£̽ռָУ鿴еı
һʱסˡ
ıĻҪ౦ܹ磬ʥϣʵ۽硣
ǰûıмֵɰ뵽
Լλʦǳִ󷽣ЩжҲϿҶǳʦ
һԣﳤպͷӶЦݵؿһĻʦͽһϵԼĺδԻվ۷塣
ʥŵĳˡȻ⴫һϤǰﶡˡ
ﳤաӶʱɫһ
üͷʵϻ쵰ʲô
ģҶǳһЦ漴԰ﶡ˵ɣ
⡭ﶡЩԥ
ﳤʵô
ﶡЦǳȥ
ﳤԴŭǰ壬Է˲ǣҪܳȥҲ̫ǿưԵ˰ɡ
˼ʥţʥأôܻǷӳ
ʥأߣһȻʥŵӡҲá
ҶǳһЦ˵ȻˣǾȥһλʥŵĳϰɡ
˵꣬ͷ˳ȥ
ﳤշ򸾼״ҲֻøҶǳһ߳
ʱڰĸ߿Уվһӣ˫֣Ŀ𺣬ü֮ɢһư֮⣬ĿڿİʱĲм
һûеС壬Ȼ֮ãõһ֮ӡ
ϣʶ㣬ǣȻʥϴλ֮ӵļ䣬Ȼ鷳һ㡣
˾ʥŵĳҡ
Ҳڰ·ʱп˰ɣʱͷְɵĲһ㡣
ص˴һ£֪һ
Ȿûʲô˵ģǣɵĸĸҲֻ̫ˡ
һӳͱȼ縸ĸԲѰ
ʥŵĹż֮пһЩأ֪˱֮Ϊ֮ӣδкܴʥ
ΪˣŶͽ˼ɽǳʥһʥͽܣǺεȵ
ԺʥţĵλҪһȣ붼üѡ
ϧҳʥţѰԼͽҲǸ߰ޱȣ·Ƕô˶ѡ
˵ҶǳʥŵжһϵûУﳤշ򸾶ԸѺӽҡ
𣿡
ƺӦҶǳ˵ĵǳһĨЦưĿ⳯濴ȥ塣
ϣҶǳ̤ͷŸ߿еҡ
һﻹǿҶǳŭЦԼ˶ѾˣҾȻ߰վڸ߿иǣֱǵϡ
ﳤշҲһĲﳤճȵңѾˣʥžôȥ˵ĵ͵𣿡
һЦһȻͣǰҲʥŵĵ֮ڣȻʥŵĵ̣Ҿˣǲǿˡ
ﳤպûԼİǣǰ壬Ȼ˵ǿˡ
ˣҲǷϻǽҹǲѾǺˣ
Ҹİﳤշ򸾣ߵΪʦǺӼĸ֣ʶ㡣
ƥʲôҲΪͽɼԼ裬ʱ̲סŭ
߿еɫʱһ𺣬Сӣ֪ҵݣʥŵĳϣһС۷ǿߣûʸΪͽ˭ʸ񣿡
У
ҶǳȻ̧ͷһ˫ڵӣӲӵâ
վҵͷϿգ
һ䣬һǿƴҶǳϱֱӳŸ߿еѹȥ
ʲô
Ҷʱɫ䣬ܵһϢĿֲѹͺ񱳸һɽһ̾׹ˡ


1491 նɱ
䣡
ǿѹ˶Ӹ߿еҧǿסԼӣԼ˫أѹ̫˶ҽ˵صס
Ƕһ϶ѷ죬֩һӳȥ
أ
ѹʧ֮Ҷʱͳصף˿ǱѣһݵؿҶǳ㵽˭ʥŵĳϣҪʥΪ𣿡
֪ҶǳʵǿϾԷƾѹסǾԲһĴܹģҲǴ۷弶ǿߡ
ǿߣʵûеֻܰʥųϵݣ֮⡣
ȴ֪˿վˣ֪ɱ˶λʥŵĳϣʥŵһǱҶǳնɱġ
ǺǣʥŵĳϣôͷǽҸŵˡҶǳ˫֣һЦ
һʱûˣԷûʥŷѵԷҲĳʥأ
ˣԷʵôǿĳʥأϾϷҲмʮʥأʥһҡ
һɫصؿŶҶǳʵλǰĪҲǳĳʥأǰմ
ȷҪҵ֣ҶǳһϷŰ˵
һͻȻ䣬һǿҵΣ
ǰʥŵĳϣʲô֮¡æ˵
úúǰ뿪˵ΪȻȥ˵
ǺǣȻҪ֪ҵ֣Ҿ͸ɣϣ˿ɲҪڡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴Աߵİ˵ͽΪʦʲô
ǳһĨЦݣһӵңߵƥˣʦҶǳǲ̽
ʦ𣿡һҶǳԼͽܣɫʱǵҶǳֺ󣬶ʱŵþŵصҶǳ㡭Ҷǳ
ãǵҶǳʥΪе飬ʱҶǳѪ̵ķ粨Ѿ䶯磬ϻˣ᲻֪Ҷǳ֡
أҶǳһЦ֮ɫ
䣡ͷҲس𣬳ԶӶݣֱȼԼٶ˼¡
ٴУҶǳʥŵĹϵɡ
οʱҶǳϷ϶뱩¶Լ٣ȻѪ̵˾ɱˡ
Ҷǳ뱩¶٣ôͱɱڡ
ӵ𣿡Ҷǳߵң¶һĨ֮ɫ
һ̣һĽҵ˺ѳƬ
ûӳǵңʱʹӸ߿еһ߱ʬ塣
һС۷弶ǿߣһ˲ͱʬ壬ﳤշ򸾶еģǸ֪Ҷǳڵʵﵽʲô硣
ʥҲֻһƺѣʥʵǸ֪
ֻдﵽʥ磬֪ʥ
οҶǳһǿʥ
ʦղŷ鹥𣿡һտտʵ֮ɫ
Ҷǳûг֣һûУͲµҶǳʩչ鹥
ңҶǳ鹥ҲǾǿڹƸǿ˰ɡ
ǺǣɱһСҪԳ֡ҶǳЦ˵
ڵľѾﵽ˵κڣҪﵽ۷ˣɱһСһ鹥㹻ˡ
鹥ʦľΪʲôôߣʲô𣿡һĽʵҲҪ鹥
Ҷǳһ۾Ϳ˰ɵ˼Ц˵ҵȷһĹǴģŹȻ½Ĺûǿ١ľǿ츳
о仰û˵ľ֮ôΪӵ걦ʯ
ЩʧİɣҶǳҡͷ㲻Ҫ׷鹥Խǵ棬鹥Խûãгһ̤ʥ˾磬ʥͱ鹥ǿ౶
ǣʦ𣡡ɵ˵ͷֻЩźҶǳ鹥һɱˣҪԼֵġ
뵽ԼδܹʥɵźҲͼ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷǳתͷ԰ﳤշ˵һҪ죬Ҫ뿪һˣǾڴټˣһڣͻ˹ǡ
˵꣬Ҷǳ˻֣ë۳ﳤʶ
ʦأ㲻һ𣿡ʵ
ҶǳЦһʥҲʦ壬ʱָ
ʥﳤԣһ𺳣û뵽̾Ȼдʥ
ѹҶǳʹѪҲ⣬ܵϷ¡
ﳤǶʱˣ֪ԼѡȻûд


1492 ʥŵج
˰飬Ҷǳǰʥţڰ·ë˵һ£Ӱȥ֮ǡ
мʱԾǨ֮Ҷǳ͵ִʥŵĲԶԼϢԶԶŲԶľ޴ǳء
ʥŵܲʥڣǳضʥŵģǻ󷨷ǳǿҶǳҽڣֻԶ
ʥҲǵģȻԼĹײͽʥڣʲôĿģ
Ҷǳг˼š
λʥ˾ĿģϾǹײʥģֵǳ
ôһʥĹײģʥҲӵеֱֵޡ
˵ԷûĿģҲš
˵ʥţҲʵϾǸʱҶǳûʸսʥţڣҲû˻ʸսʥš
ԣλʥ˵ĿģӦû˿ϵ
аʲôλʥΪҪڹײ棿
ҶǳԼڼֱͷˮ֪Ǹڹײ˯µʥˣʲô̬Ĵ㡣
Ҷǳֻ֪Լ빥ʥţȳ
ȹʱ䣬ͻˣҪʥţ͵ȽʥǵĻǴ󡣡
ҶǳʼʥΧתƣڰ̽ϸ̽ʥǵĻ󷨡
ΪʥǵĻҲܹö֪һǿ󷨣ͷһ塣
󷨾ͿԿóʥŵ󷨵ˣһ󷨴ʦΪ٣ǿ
ҲʥʥˣһЩ󷨴ʦҲǺġ
Էʥоµ󷨣ȻҶǳһǧоܹġ
ҶǳҲԼƣǾһЩ󷨣Ǻܶʥġ
Ͼֻ̲ųǿߣֻǲ󷨣ûС
󷨱֮ǵ󷨶˿ǿһЩټʥڿ϶ʥ򣬾ʥˣҲܽ乥ơ
һ֮ҶǳЩƵһʯͷϣ۾ݺݶԶʥǡ
һݵ̽ѾףԼҪʥǣֱǳ˵Ρ
һʥܹô꣬ȻǽҵģԷڻͶ룬
ֻҪ󷨴ڣʥž̩ɽҲֻЩ̲ʥǡ
ֻˣü󷨣ӲƴʥǵĻǴпܽ乥ơ
Ҷǳš
λؾ֮Уջܴ󣬸ȱٲʥ˼󷨵Ĳϣüʥ˼Ǵ´ࡣ
Щʥ˼ҲӽʥǵĻǴ󣬶һдʥ򣬲ܷӳǵǿ
Ȳ󷨣˳ȼҶǳ뵽
˵ҶǳʼʥΧ󷨣׼ʥ˼󷨣ʥǶΧ
ȻһЩȻʥŵʥ˸ˣ϶ֹ
ҶǳҲ֪ԼôأҲ޷ʥŵʥˡ
Ͼʥ˵̫ǿˣҪǸʵʱ򣬾Ѿʥŵʥ˸ˡ
ҶǳһҲ壬Ѿͷ棬ʥŵ˼㷢Ҳ֪Ҷǳ
˵ʥŵʥ˻ɱҲ£ڼʹ򲻹ʥˣҲܹߡ
ңҶǳΪλʥŵʥӦòϾʥˣһʥ˵ߣʥֻϡ
һֻϣܹóʲô󷨣
λʥŵʥ˸ں

ʥš
ҶǳµĲ̽ʥǵʱ򣬾Ѿʥŵһλʥ˸ˡ
ʱεʥһλ׷ͯյʥһ𣬶ǰһƬĻʾҶǳڲ󷨵ж
һʥΧʲôʥŵü
ΪԼλʦԼʲô飬ȴû뵽Ȼ˲֪ʥǸ󷨡
ʥŵʥ˵˵õǹ󷨣Ϊǿ󣬴ﵽʥ˼
һҲܹóʥ˼󷨣ʥŵ𾪣Щš
жô嫣Ƿǳģûʥ˵ĵľǲܲóʥ˼󷨵ġ
ڰָǿڹײĵˡʥŵʥɫص˵
һǿڹײģʥŵʱסˣɫصʦ棬ѵǵڶûдλ˭ΪҪʥţ
ǿڹײĵˣʥŵǷǳɵģΪԴǿڹײĽʥںʥŵ󷨾ڲϵ
ǿڹײڲϵʥǻ󷨵ǿڹײˡ
µǣʥŵһλСʥȥֱ̽ˡ
ʥŵһλʥȥˣز
ǿڹײĶʥ˵Ѿһجˡ


1493 һѩǰ
Ŷʥʥŵʥҡͷ֪ʥϷôܹ꣬вҶһһˣǶûг֡
ʥŵüǾˣʥ֮ǿӦ֮

ʥŵʥ˳Ȼʵǿ󣬵ϷҲˣûĴڡܹʵʥˣ½Ҳ࣬ЩǶʶС
ô˵˾ͻȻ֮ðģΪʥΪУҿӻСʥüͷɱһλʥˣܲ
ңԷǿڹײǻ󷨵ҪƿǵĻ󷨣ȻԷܹˡ
ʱʥſû˵Ķ֣ᱻš
˵ѾʥĹͷˡ
ȻǸ벻İ취
ԶԶλʥ˵Ķ֣ҲֻʥǵĻǿԱ
˵ݻǿڹײģǼλʥŵʥҲˣʥֶûã޷ǿڹײĴݻ١
ǵʥǵĻ󷨣һȲ˵ᱻλʥҵɳ֮пܰʥԼݻˣϾǿڹײĿʥڲ
ڲ鿴ʥŵĹżǲǰеĵˣΪֹûҵ
ʥŵʥɫұʥϷǶԹˣǶԸһɢʥˣʥ˻رǿ󡣡
ʥܳأܹЩʥغϷҲԸһɢʥˡ
һɢʥǣ޹ңһͻһߣ춢㣬Ը㣬ҲܹԸµĵӡ
ολɢʥ˻رǿпǴʥ۷壬ǹʥǾ͸û˸ҵˡ
һûκǣҵĹʥЩ̶Ҫ˱ᡣ
֮صĻҴʥǹ¼ҹһû˸ȥ
Ĭ˻Ҵʥͳλ֮ء
ѵĵʥŵĩ𣿡
ʥŵɵһ
Ÿոսã緢ʱ򣬽ֱ̫ˡ
ģϵɢ޴ʥǾ㸶ٴĴۣҲҪɹεΣ
ʥŵʥо⼤ʥŴô꣬Ҳһֱȥû˿ʥš
ʥŵԣƺָһЩģŹĻʾҶǳкһһҲʥƤ·ʦ棬˳ȥ
дλʥ˳֣Ͳˡʥŵʥ˵˵ͷ
̸ʥŵȥ̽ʥˣǲҳȥˡ
ϾϴγȥʥʥˣһһˣѾŵǵսľˡ
ǵһη֣ԭʥҲ䣬˽ӽˡ

ʥⲼ󷨵Ҷǳ֪ʥڷһУרĲԼ󷨡
ɹһ󷨵ʱ򣬺ȻһǿϢʥڳ𣬲ҿٳӽ
׼ҳ𣿡
Ҷǳʱֹͣ󷨣һЦؿԶǵѸٽӽӰǲɵóһĨЦݡ
һ۷壬ҪֹδҲ̫С˰ɡ
ҶǳĿһɨͿ˵Ϊ硣
ֻһ۷ѣûؾ֮ǰ׽ɱοڡ
ɴ˿ɼʥŲ֪ʵֻΪһͨĴ
䣡
һǿϢ
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥλʥŵĴ۷ǿѾˡ
ǺˣʥⲼ󷨣Ҫʥ𣿡ʥŵĴ۷ǿߴǳ
ҶǳһϷŰЦǰҾʥţҺΣ
ʥŵĴ۷ûʱðɣһҶǳ
ҶǳЦһҲһӭȥ
䣡
˱˴ײ֮ʥŵĴ۷ǿ߶ʱɫ䣬ŵضҶǳ
ۣ
һ̣λʥŵĴ۷ǿߣͱҶǳһƸݺݵغɳȥ
һ
Ҷǳмغһֱ̤նһ̤˵ʥŴǿᴩգ˸ֱӲˡ
սҪһ۷壬Ǽֱ̫ˡ
Ԫ˧ǿߣҶǳǿǰ
ʥŵˣǶϴɾӵţʥŵĩա
Ҷǳɱ֮󣬲Ц
ʥŵһ·׷ɱǳǱһѩǰܣݺݵؽһļֱʹ죬ǳˬ


1494 һ
Ҷǳʥǣڵʥŵԣɫ䡣
ǱһŭޱȣʦųţǹƶҪȥˡ
ʥΪһʥأǵĵһ򽾰ޱȣԾظһȣʲôʱ˴ˣֱǳ衣
ʦ˭Ϊʲôɱ
ϣ˴ˣʥţѵýʬ𣿡
Ըһս

ʥڶһƬڡ
ΪһʥأǺܵ裿ûһʥŵĵԸܡ
ʥŵҲŭƼˣٴһλǿߣ뿪ʥǣǰȥնɱҶǳ
ͬʱҲٿŻ󷨣һĻӳųһУʥŵڵӣܹ˱ʥǿɱһĻӶģʿ
ϧǵ͹Ҷǳʵ
䣡
ǿϢԭȲ֪ǿ˶ٱʥڳ˳
һӣϣ¶ɢһɲɵơ
һɫ޵͸еĵһϬǰնˡ
Ϣǳֲһ磬֮ϵʯ顢ȫ˸߿գȻΪ顣
ǿ
ʥŵڵӼ״һ˷ܵظߺ·ѾҶǳնɱһĻ
һλʥŵĳϸŵźӣЦ˵λʥŵһλʦ棬Ϊչ̫ãѾˣĳƺţ쳹Ϸǡڵ񣡡
ԭǺڵ񣡡
һλʥųϾǵõһǵӵʱλڵʥŵִϣǸʱѾԪ˧ĳǿˣڿ¸ǿˡ
ڵѾԪ˧ǿˡԭλʥŵĳϣһԺ˵ϷܹԪ˧ǿҲǲ࣬ʥŵĺڵ񣬾ܹǰʮ
ڵԣһݵؿλڵ
ʥ⣬Ҷǳٶͣ󷨣ȤؿԶ̤նĺڵ񣬵˵ͷ˵иСˡ
Ԫ˧ǿҲֻһСѣ֮ǰɱĴ۷ǿߣССϺ硣
ֻаʥǿߣе档
СӣѾܾû˸ʥŷˣ㻹ǵһҲһ
ڵûҶǳΪԼʵš
Ⱦ磬ҲЩʥܹɵˡ
˵ʥ
ʵЩ̣Ǻаʥڵġ
ΪܹΪʥˣǿֱӳʥģ֮ԳΪʥΪѹΪʱʥ˾硣
ǣˣܹʥ͸ˣ˭ɵѹԼΪ
ֻЩĻӣ̵콾ΪҰ̫ˣҪһɴʥŻѹԼΪʱͻơ
ˣǺٵģϾѹΪҲΣյģһѹΪʱ򣬱˸ɱأǺ
Щ̵֮ԸôΪû˸ɱǣ˭ȥɱǵţ
ԣڵΪǰҶǳһʥֻҪǰʥϵǿߣͲ
ҵѺڵѾɱ˺ܶмλԪ˧ǿߣѵ֮£ҡ
ڵеĺɫ޵ϬضŶҶǳһֱ¡
һɱ㣡ڵԼһġ
һҲȷǿʮ㣬ҶǳǳȣλڵڴԪ˧֮УҲһǿĴڡ
Ǹǲ̫Զˡ
Ҷǳֻɵָ͵ؼסľ޴ڵƾڵηָ޷
ôܣ㡭
ڵɴ۾ŵؿһĻսֲкƬشըˡ
нյĺɫ޵Ҳ貵⣬ųҵĵâҪҶǳ˺ѳƬ
ȻҶǳָһֱ̩ɽסɫ޵޷һ¶ܡ
ʵ𣿡
Ҷǳӵؿĺڵ񣬺ߵɫʱͨһƬиǾޱȣԷָֻΪǺεʵ
ǰʥڵȻȵѾӦˣֻаʥŻӵ˿µս
ˣϧûн
Ҷǳ͵ųҵԣһָ̣ͻȻӲͽеĺɫ޵ץˡ
ڿȰʥǿǰɫ޵ҲԵòһ
Ҷǳǿֻ࣬Щʥܿ⡣


1495 ɻ
ôܣ
Բܣ
Цɣ
ָ

ʥڣһʥŵĵӺͳϿǰĻӳյĳʱĿɿڴš
ǿĺڵȫľһȻҶǳָסˣһĻ̫ˡ
ʥһţ˼㣬ֱš
˶Ʊס˲ӣŴͣɴ۾˵
ʥ𣿡
ãһʥŵĵʵ
ܹʵҲֻЩ˵еʥˡ
ϾڵѾǴԪ˧۷弶ǿߣʥҲֻ벽֮ң
ָܹסڵȫһʥ˻˭
ʥˣʥˣʥŵʥ˲Ӳġ̷
ʥŵ˻ɵɬʥŵʥڱŵöҳţȴ˵
ʥŵĶɢˡ
Ȼʥľ磬Ҳˣ˸ʥˣһʥ
ʥʥѾûʲôˣֻҪʥԸ⣬ʱ̤ʥ˾磬ΪһСʥ
ֻǳһЩĻӺ̵콾⣬˭ɵûѹԼΪͻƳʥ
ǿʥ˰ľ磬ȻǿѹΪֱǰ׳գʥһĽͼʡ
ȴǲ֪Ҷǳռ֮ΪʥҲ޷ʥʥС

㡭ǰʥ
ʥ⣬ڵűĺڵϲ𾪣ͫ
Ҷǳһһֱֻһֻצ̽ڵ

ĻĲþúڵһͻ
䣡ڵæˣҪӽʥڣϾûһʥǼֱΪ
ȻҶǳ̽ȥĴգ񷣬Ƭ档
ħ
ڵŭ¶µϢһȵĽɫȼȼԼ
ȼ״̬£ڵ񱬷޽ӽʥ۷һҪնҶǳľ޴ơ
䣡
һ죬캳ء
ȻʧȥеĺڵǺڵȴԼһħչֳ֮ƥķâÿռ䶼ˡ
ڵɾħ˺Ѳգͻʱյն߿Ǽµľ޴ơ
ʥڵľ޴ĻϣеʥŵӺͳǣҲһǵؿһĻ
ǶϣڵܹӳϾڵųʥǱɲܾôˡ
ȻǵˣΪǴӸ߿нľ޴ƣǺڵͻƵġ
¡¡
ֻһľ޴ʥڵĹĻϣѾ貵Ĺâȡⷢʲô顣
ֻʥŵͨ󷨣˳ǴĿĵһĻ
ǿĺڵҶǳľ޴ѹ֮£ûзĻᣬӲѹ÷ǣһѪⶼû¡
ʥŵƤһʥ־壬ֱʥˡ
ʵϣˣһЩڵİʥûģϾȼĺڵǿһЩڵİʥҲҪһܽ
ǣԵҶǳ
ҶǳǳԽ۷ʥĴڣ޽ӽʥ˾磬ԻһƣشһʥȻԪ˧ĺڵԵֵסġ
Ҫ˳ȥˣ沼ɡͻȻһϤ
ʥбʥŵʥڸѶôһЩڴʥŵӣ೤ǡ
ܲܶЩӡ˵ʥŵʥڱŵòҳţʥѾĹͷˡ
һ˵ʥŵľͳɢˣûȵ˳֣Щ˵ӣгǣ¶Ҫŵӳʥˡ
ǼģҲһϾÿ˶ҡ
˵ʥˣǻɲ̣Ҳÿ˶ҡ
ףʥô£ҶôˣȻʥ˶ɳ
ʥ⣬ոսڵҶǳɻؿԶʥǡ
׼ӦʥʥˣԷȴٳûһ㶯ûС
ҶǳеЩͬѰ
ҵʵֻҪʥŵʥ˲ǰ׳գ֪ҲЩԪ˧ԶԸģǱɳʥ˲ܶԸҡ
Ҷǳ
ие֣ɻ
ʥûϾǵ棬ʥŵһԪ˧һ۷ǿˡ
ʥʲôʱôˣ
ⲻǵݺԸ񰡡
벻ͨΪʲôҶǳֻü󷨣ë֮ǰúʥ˼Ĺ
ʥŻ᲻ʲôıƣҶǳҲ⣬ţʥҲߡ


1496 ź
ʥڣ޴ĹĻϣ޾ĹâɢȥֻʣҶǳһ˵Ӱںڵȥˣǰ׳ҲܹµѾˡ
ʱʥŶһƬȻʥŵĵӣʥŵĳϣ޷һС
һǿĴԪ˧ǿߣȻɱˣǿʥδʥ˰
Ԫ˧ĳǿߣɲʲôè½Ƕյǿڡ
Щ˵еʥˣǿˡ
ڣʥŵһǿߣȻɱڼſڣʥŵľ޴ʧ
Ϊʲôʥŵʥ˲ɱ
谡ʥźܵ裿
ʥ˳֣ʥ

һʥŵĵӷˣԲطйԼ
Щʥŵĳϻã֪ƣǵɫҲѿ
ǵǿҶǳȻڲ󷨣ɫ͸ˣԷһ㶼ʥŷ
ʥŵæĻҲ޷ֹЩʥڵӣ˶ʥŵĺɽʥŵʥ˳ɱС
ʦ棬Ǹô죿
ʥźɽʥһʥŵʥˡ
ʥŵʥɫҲѿӽʥŵʥûܵ裬ȴһСڼſڣԼĺ󱲶ڼſˣֱĳ衣
ܹô죿ʥŵһʥȥشЩ޷ڻء
ȥȲ˵ǷɱҶǳԼͻȱλصʥ˸ˡ
ţ
Ȼʥŵʥͫһ¶ŵĹâ
ôʦ棡ʥŵ״ɵѯʵ
ʥŵʥ˱۾òŻһ˲˺ܶ࣬̾ϢѡӢӣĵĳϣ뿪ӴΪʥűĻ֡

ʥԶʱľ𾪣Ҫź°ѵʥû
ʦ棬ʥſǴ°ʥ̲ס˵ս˫ȭġ
ʥ̾ϢЩ󷨱һֱڵĵҵͼ֤һʥرʥŶСǱӦɡ
ʥʦ棬Ǹգ˵ءֻҪǵܹסֶѣʥš
ǿߣ߲ˣʥŵʥҡͷʥ˾磬Ѿ޷ˣġһ뿪ʥǣλصʥ˾ͻˡ
ʦ棬ȻˣҾ͸ʥŹʥæġ
ʥŵʥ˰ֵǵС˼ûᣬ֮סʥŵĻ־ͺá
ʦ桭ʥ֪ԼԱסвɵһϲϻװ¶֮ɫ
ȻȷЩˣϾһʥһӱͨˣ̫ˡ
ӴԺֵֻ͵ҲǰˣҪĵСı𱻵˸ˡ
ȥɣలһЩ鱣֣סܷһ棬СıһѶˡʥŵʥѵ
ʥŵ˵ͷ漴һˡ뿪ˡ
ܿ죬һЩʥŵľӢʥŵĸ֣׷׳ʥǵĴȥˡ
ЩͨʥŵӺͳϣûзһУΪǸΪʥŻᱻš
ǵӡ֮УʥǲĴУôᱻأ
һȺˣ˻֪

⣬Ҷǳڲ󷨣Ѿ󷨣ڲõˡ
ףôоʥǵĻڼ
ȻҶǳ̧ͷԶʥǡ
ΪҪ󷨣ѾΧȻҶҲ۲쵽ʥǻ󷨵ı仯
ǰʥǵĻ󷨼һЩȻӴʥǻ󷨶ԣһЩǺܶ࣬ӰҲܴġ
µǣּڳϣ˵ֻҪȥʥǵĻ󷨾ͻ᲻ˡ
ô£ʥѵʲô𣿡
ҶǳеԽԽɻˡ
ʥŵʥ˲ɱַ֣ʥǵĻڲ͸ˡ
ʲôϢ
Ҷǳ򿪻磬ѰʥŵϢǲûпʥŷʲô顣
һڹײķɽʥŵ飬ҲֻһЩǵļضѡ
ˣ
ҶǳоԽԽԻˡ
ǲ̣иԪ˧ڼſɱˣ˻ڼſڲ󷨣ͳɱˡ
οʥǵĻ󷨻ڲҪǻ֮ǣͼˡ
ʥţԽԽŹˡ


1497 
һµʱתۼţҶǳڽʥ˼Ĵóɹˣ󷨸ǽʥǰΧС
ҶСӣѾѰսҵʥȥˡҶǳɹʱëĴѶҲˡ
ʥ˾磬ڵĵҲͽΪʥˣʥΪӴķҲȫԳƵһСˡ
ҶǳյëѶϢɵһϲһﵹüʱΪҪһʱء
ʥǣλãҶǳæʥǵλ÷ë̹
󷨲óɹҪʥˡ
ҪսپȻʱϾˣ˭֪Ϸ᲻֡
һȽϺãڰݵɢޣϷһ㲻ɢǵˡ
Ͼɢ̫ˣϷҪֵĻҲæ
οܹʥصɢ޶ǳϷɵ˲Ż֡
ʥرˣҲӰϷͳΡ
ҶǳΪľӣԲıʥʥأʥظǻĹϵ˭˭
Ȳ̽Ϊʥ֮ôҲչ˲˵ʱѪҪ̣ҲֻϹۡ
ҶǳһֱĴ£Բ򲻵ѣǲᱩ¶ëСʥĴڣò̽ʥزΡ
ǲԺʵǿˣʥˣٽʥҲ١
ʱ޷Ѫ̣Աʵ
Ԫڵսʥڣӵһǿսʥ̣ǿͿ
վһǿΪ硣
ǲ
Ҷǳ˼֮䣬ǰĿռͻȻѿ漴һϤӰ̤˳ë
ҶСӣ㶯ôͲúܴˡ
ëĿһɨͿΧܴȻʱڣҲڲ󷨣ջܴ
ҶǳЦṳ̂ʥ˾磬ҲٶȻ죬ҲֻòӲƴʧܴ󰡣
ǰβʥ˼󷨣ֱ֮ǰ֮ǣõʥ˼󷨣Ҫĸ
ٺ٣ʥţĻֲġëЦ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦһʥµĴأ϶ޱȷ
ʥţЩȻŹ
ˣҶСӣ˵һͽܣʲôɣ԰ɣ
ëЩʵû뵽СҲͽܣүЩ֣Сʲô⣬Ȼ㿴ˣ
һλƬģһǻǿתҶǳ͵
ë۾һϲô˵Сδ϶ܹʥˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦ˵ʱһλƬֱӳɴʥǲֶ̾һλʥˡ
ëʱķһλƬһλʥȷܻ㡣
Ҫ֪С嶼ԻλƬŴﵽʥġ
ɱ츳죬ټЯһλƬֻҪټһλƬΪʥ
ǱɣҶǳȻҪΪͽˣһаﳤշ򸾵һϵڡ
ţСӺúû׼δԽİࡣë漴˵ͷϿ˰ɡ
ˣ²˳٣Ϥ󷨣͹ʥǣȡٹǵĻ󷨡Ҷǳߴٵ
ë˵ͷʼϤҶǳָ㣬ټ;ͨ󷨣Ϥܿ졣
ңҶǳƵĲٿ󷨵ƣëٿǳɣֻҪԼʥܹĿܡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ë֮ʱ貵⣬һɹǿ˺ѲգݺݵغʥǵĻ󷨡
ʱʥһƬȻߵ϶˾֡һ̣Щ˶ŵҪʥǡ
Ȼ˹ʥǣ
϶ߣȻʥŵĸͽɱˡ
ܣпʥصĴսٲҲʥ˲֣ǿɲڻҡ

߶
ϧҲôһ㣬˶ȥкŭֱڶ
ЩΪ˼뿪ʥǣڴ㳡ϴˡ
ʥڶһƬҡ
ʥŵĵӺͳҲˣǼѰʥȴǷʥŵʧˣһЩʵǿĳϣҲҲˡ
ʱǶޱȣϾҲɵˣɼѾˡ
ںɽʥ˵ǴڣǿɲҸЩʥ˱Ƚϣһʥ˴սЩڻҶ㲻ϣֻʥ˴սನʡ
䣡
ëٿʥ˼Ĵ󣬲ϵغʥǵ󷨡
ĴһټλʥǿʥǵĻڼټ


1498 ʥ
ʥ˼󷨵ϹʥǵĻҲȫ󿪣ʥǵʥ˴߶˼ޡ

ʱ޴󷨹ĻסʥǣһԲεĹסʥǣ赲˷Ĺ
Ҷǳִ֮ʲöɵʥ˼󷨣ʥǵʥ˼󷨣ȴǻ£Ѿۻ޾˿һչֳǿķ
ëٿ޷κεʥǵĻǴǼӲĹĻơ
СӣаǴķ̫ǿˡëһ֮󣬿ɼӲޱȵĹĻʱƲѡ
ҶǳȴǺ侲ȻϾʥǴ£ʥ˼ǴѾԴ쵽۷״̬ȻҲִ֮ʲõ󷨿Աġ
ô죿ëˡ
ҶǳЦģһҪƵֻҪĵˣѵûзĹǴڲϵؼ٣ҼٵٶԽԽ죬ͺʲôһ
Ŷ𣿡ëʱԴһ߼ʥǵĻǴһ߸Ǵı仯
ͻȻëһ˫֮м
С˵һȷʲôҹԽݣǶɵԽ졣ëʱϲ
ƾһ˺󣬿δغĵùʥǵĻǴ󣬵û뵽Ǵƺǳʲô⣬Ȼġ͸ݻǴĻᡣ
ӴȣҶǳ˵
ʵѣѾë㿪ʼӴȣһеش߶󣬲ϵغʥǵĻǴ
ȻʱţʥǵĻǴԽԽˣǱë󷨸ģǸصĶɻǴɵԽԽˡ
ҪʥšëһЦ
Ҷǳ侲ûе˵̫ˣĿǰΪֹǻûмʥŵʥˣ˭֪мʥˣСΪ
СӾ̫ˣʥаնԸǵĻǵʥͳˡëм
ȻĻ䣬ԶʥǵϿգһ޴Ŀռѷ죬ĹǿʥϢһӱؼ䡣
ԲۣëɵðһԼѻ죬˵ˡ
ҶǳҲЩæڣë˵Сĵ㣬ĸͨʥˡ
ϻĸʥë˷ۣԼǴʥȻһ۾ͿĸͻȻֵʥˣһǴʥ硣
ʲôҶǳɫһ䣬æ˵߰ɣб䣬ǵ뿪
ĸʥʥ˼ҲܵסλʥֹᱻƣȻǵˡ
Ͼëս黹٣ǸոսĴʥǰλʥеһˣܹŰëһ١
οëһģˣֱ߲Ŷԡ
߰ɣҪҪҵʥ磿ëҶǳʵ
ҶǳҡͷҪҵʵ׷ҡ
ҶǳѾʱϵ򲻱ʥѸ٣ռ֮ͳʥˡ
ԣڲܳʥٶҲЩʥ㹻ˡ
ǷͷߣĸΧǡҶǳѵ
ë˵ͷ
ǣ׼ʱһɸǿϢͻȻͷϿմ
һ̣һ޴ޱȵĿռѷ죬Ͽգ֮ϡ
Բۣ⡭Ǵʥԣǹʥ˰ɡëɴ۾㤡
ҶǳҲǵһϢ̫Ӵˣֱ
СӣܣҰǣסë۾Ҷǳ
ͻȻһʥϿգԶĸʥҪѾʵˣֻһˣҶǳߡ
ҶǳȴûߣЩӵؿŲ֮ǸͻȻֵĹʥë˵ˣʥӦߵġ
СӿʲôЦʶһʥõżɵѪ𣿡ë㶣漴ҡͷ
ҶǳûǽͷϿյλʥԷģȻʶǶԷϢȴˡ
λǵǿʥײڳ˯λʥҲǰ񶪽ʥŵס
ǰ˼ǣҶǳ̲סʵ
߿Уʥ˴һɫۣͷףһͨһĮؿԶĸʥ˵ǼʥǵĻǴĸʥҡ


1499 ʥ
ʥ˵ı֤Ҷǳжʱ󶨣ʥǿڣĸʥҲͲˡ
Ҷǳæʵǰλû°ɣ
ʥ˵˵İɣû£һһԵӦÿԸܵʥǵĻǴڼΪڱǿڹײˡ
ЩɵһֻᱻλѵΪڹѾ̤˴磬Ƶʱ򣬽۷Ҳ⡣
ʥ˵ĻҶǳֱ־ϲ֮ǰͷΪʥԼ⣬û뵽ǿڹײɻǴ
һоͿԽ͵ͨˡ
λʥ˿¸ʥг𣬵ǹʥҲ޷ʥǵĻǴǿڹײʥǵĻǴӶƽʥǵĻǴ
ֻҪûǴػôλʥ˾Ϳֱɱȥʥš
Ҷǳǵĳ֣һ⣬ʥ˶û뵽ҶǳСϣȻڶ̶ʱڴﵽ̶ֳȣҶǳռ֮ڿ¶Ѿʥˡ
ңҶǳΪ޷ʥλʥҲˣҶǳޱǿ󣬾ʥҲԶˡ
Ϊˣʥ˲ԸҶǳǣԸҶǳ̸
˵ףҶǳʵõ˻ʥ˵Ͽɡ
ְɣ
Ҷǳë˵
ëҲ˻ʥ˵ı֤ʱʿ񣬼߶󷨣ʥǵĻǴ
ʱ
ʥϿյλʥЩɵؿҶǳϿյλʥˡ
ǴʥʵȻóһʥ
λʥһλʥʱǸе飬Ҵ⡣
˺ܿͽʥڣʥš
ʥλʥλСʥ˿̶ӭ
ʥŵλʥųʥϣ˿̶һ֮ɫ
ʥϣ֮ǰǵʱ򣬿û˵ҪԵһλʥĸɢ޴ʥеһɫʵ
ʥеһ˵˵ֻǴʥǻҪ𣿶ңǶԸһʥΪʮ칬Կôߵ𣿡
ĸɢ޴ʥһۣתƺڰнʲô
Ƭ̣֮ǰڵλɢ޴ʥ˵ȽԿ׽ǣȻô֪ǻ᲻ᷴڡ
ԣ
ʥϲûоܾ̾ͰһѰɫСλɢ޴ʥ
ĸɢ޴ʥæϲؽ˹ϸоȷϡ
Կģ̵ֵĻġһɢ޴ʥɫضʥϡ
ʥϽ¶֮ɫǲǣѵǣԿ׿ȸǣĻģȴһʱܹģǸҷڣǻ̴ݻԿס
ĸɢ޴ʥɫһȻкܲˬҲ֪ʥĵߣֻܵͷͬˡ
ʥϼ״ʱص˵ͷ漴һսڸλɢ޴ʥ͵ʥоʥɱ˼ˣպÿԲãδزܶԸһڵĹʥ
ĸɢ޴ʥһ֮£ʱ¶Цݣһλɢ޴ʥ̲ס̾ʥŲʥأȻ˵̣ս󣬿һλʥİɡ
ʥеһ˰ȻսʥŵʦүģϧʥһֱûдλʥҲᱻǼһˡ
սҲóҲǱƼˡһɢ޴ʥЦ
ʥеһ˵ñ֤Ҫ⴫ս󣬷ʥΪС
ĸɢ޴ʥҲûзǵͷǷģǿսɵ˲Żᴫȥٺ١
ԽĶԽȥഫԼĺͽܡ
ʥҲǵʱ򣬲ȻԲװͳı
֮ǰǰʮ칬ԿףЩɶʥŵÿһȥ½𾪵ġ
Ǵܹ֧һ󷨣Ϥս󡣡
ʥϽʼָλɢ޴ʥϤʥɱ
Ϊʥͳ뻯ټʥϵָ㣬ĸɢ޴ʥܿͳ͸ʥɱ
˿̣ʥǵĻҲ˱ıԵʥϺλɢ޴ʥһۣǵ˵ͷȻ̳˳ȥ
Զվڸ߿еĻʥ˼״ɵһЦ֮ɫڹ꣬ڸҳˡ
ϼһ㵽˭ʥʲôط㣿ʥеһŭȵ
ǵڻ֪ΪʲôλǿĹʥ
ǺǣҶʶҲԣҳ˯ǰǻûгʥ
ʥ˵գüģʱֳһͼųҵĹ⻪
ʥüĵͼʥһˣɵͫһ𾪵ӡǣȻǹʥصʥˣԲܣѾʥصʥȫնɱˣܻһ¡
˵Ȼɫһ䣬ʥ˵У˾֮ɫ촽ѵ㡭λɷǣ


1500 
ʲôǹʥصˣ
ʥأǶǰʥأҼǵǸʱҲŸոճʥ֪ʥرʱޱȡ
û뵽ʥؾȻ˴

ʥϵĻλɢ޴ʥ𾪲ѣ۷׷ס
ʥϣλɢ޴ʥ¸ƾãԶ֪ʥص
Ǹʱвֽʥأʥű֮һ
ʥˡ
ǹʥصһţʧٵţųɷǣ
ʥеһҧгݵ˵
ɷǣԭǴʥǿߣѹǹʥˡλɢ޴ʥеһ˻Ȼ
Զ
ʥһЦǾͺãȥǹʥصĵӴ仰ɱǵˣŻһһ𡣡
ɷǣѾʱˡ
Բѣ֪ǹʥصмʥж㶥ġ
˵̲֣ƾҲ뱨ΰɡ
ʥŭȵ
ʥһɱ˭ҷǣҲҪ𡣵еҶǺù
ɱϱضĺ֮Уնһ顣
֮УҶǳëӻʥп˾ɱԼ޾ĸŭ
û뵽λǰȻҶǳ̾Ϣ
ëʲô飬ͻȻ˳˯ȵʱȴԼɶ˸ˣ黻ǱүҲᷢġ
ҶǳŲԶʥǣЩʥ˶ѾˣϽûʥǵĻǴ󡣡
û⣡ëһŵ˵ûЩʥʥǵĻǴǴͼһ롣
䣡
ë󷨹ʱ򣬸߿УʥҲʥԼλɢ޴ʥ
һλʥλʥעһܾʵսҶǳĿת
ֵȼĴսҲǵһμǰʥսûп
ڲٿ󷨹ʥǻǴë̲סֳһ˼ս
ңëǴʥȱٵǴʥս顣ǰⳡսȴǸ˲ս飬ֱǳ
ԭˣʥսģѹֵǸҴʥ׾ٵؾͻ˱ү
֮ã
ǿˣ

ë߿߾ٿ󷨶ͣһ£ȻǱⳡսסˡ
Ҷǳ̲סЦСĵ㣬ȹʥǵĻǴ󣬱̫ˡ
ףëһ䣬Էֳһ߷սԼȫȫزٿ󷨡
¡¡
ʥǵĻǴëĲϹ£Ѿ᧿Σˡ
ãټӰҶǳ˷ܵ
ʥţ׷ɱͶ·ʥأֵʱˡ
һ뵽ʥŵ׷ɱղò飬Ҷǳ͸еŭޱȡ
䣡
Ҷǳĺ£ëڹʥǵĻǴֻǸסʥǵԲιĻѾӦƣ¶Ľ
ɱ
Ҷǳһֱɱʥǡ
СӣȵңëһʥʵȻܿ׷Ҷǳһʥǡ
߿УʥϿһĻɫһɷǣû뵽˯ô꣬Ȼҵ֡
ʥһûлشֻǳֵԽԽǿˡ
а֣ѹûпǹҶǳԼû뵽ҶǳĽٶȻô죬һһλʥĺѡ
ʱʥֻסǰλʥҶǳǴᡣ
ʵϣλʥȫʥϺλɢ޴ʥʥɱҲֻǿԱĴࡣ
£ʥϸҳȥԮʥǣһʥɱԶƵˣ߸ʥɡ
ʥŵĻ쵰ǵĩյˣүϴɾӵŰɡ
ëһʥǣӴɨӳȥʱӦǿϢ
ţȻ߸СʥëЩ˵
Ҷǳ˵ϾһʥأһЩСʥǺġ
ʥ߸СʥӦʥĵֻ̣Ҫɱǣٵλǰɱʥʥž군ˡëЦ
һʥ˵ʥ˾ǵ̣ûʥ˵ʥأǾͲʥˡ
ʥӵˣҶǳû⣬ֻҪɱʥŵʥˣ˿׷
οʥôĵҲ֪ж٣һʥŵʥ˶ˣʱҪǶ֣Ȼкܶ˻Ƕ׷ɱЩʥŵĲ


1501 
ǽˣȥʥŻûˣҶǳƳһԶλСʥӰһʧԭأʥš
֮̽£֪ʥʲôطˡ
߸СʥҲҶǳ뿪ǲûȥ׷ΪҪԵģǱҶǳҪǿĵˡ
ǾǲԶѷĴʥ
߸ϼһǵڵˣëһѷؽ
߸СʥѣѾǴʥ϶
һԣʥȷСʥ󣬱ϾСʥʥҪʱǳࡣ
ȻҲһЩţֱӿСʥ˴ʥ磬ź٣ǲëһ
ëȷʲôţλƬȴҲСʥ
һ֣ʥɱ󣡡ʥŵλСʥеһ˴ȵ
ʱһסƬأëǰһڣޱߵĺڰԨ֮С
ƬڰԨ֮У߹ǿǿ
֮ǿȻѾﵽ˽ӽʥĳ̶ȣëеǳԾ
߸Сʥ󷨣Ȼܹӳǿ
ëһߵֵһ̽
սǳȡ
ǲսһ߸ʥǾܿʥˣ
㲻ܿʥֵʥĹҲ㹻ˣԶʥϺλɢޱˡ
ͨ۲ҪѧսȻǲʵġ
ëвɵ˼Ȼоһ׼׽һʥŵСʥܲѯʳսġ
Ҫ׽һʥ˵Ѷ̫ˣܡ
Сӣǹʥصʥ˲˵пܽ˴۷𣿿ȥ͸λƬΪʥҡëҶǳ
ëλʥ֣ô׽һСʥͺˡ
ţ˵еĴﵽ˴۷壬ȷʥ硣ҶǳڸʥţȻëĴʱһ
ȻëһһֱôҲǸһ𴳹ǿչ·һܵʥŵ׷ɱ˲֪˶ٴΣԶҶǳǺεġ
ڻʣĿλƬλƬһʥǺܻġ
Ҷǳ뵽
Ҫ֪СëǿɶǺķλƬųɴʥġ
λƬܹһλʥѾǳˡ
ݣ
ҶǳѸٸʥţ·Щܵʥžں
Ͼĳʥš
ʥŵЩͼǣҲöܣʥôĵӣҪ֮ϾɱҲܡ
οʥҲδÿ˶ǻˣҶǳֻҪɱʥŵʥ˾ˣʥŵһЩϺ
ֻʱȥôãҶǳЩʥŵĸ߲㶼ѾˣʣĹҲһѱͽ
ͽҲһ£
ҶǳкȻһ˿Цݡ
˼֮䣬Ѿִʥš
ʥڵЩʥŵӣһЩϣڶǳֲ̿ƴͷĩսһ㡣
ϣҪ𣿡
ôӣ涼ʥˣĳһƣǾˡ
أΪʲôڣ೤أڵһЩŶˡ
ǵڻѾڵľӢˣǵӡ

ʥŵĵӺͳš
ǷǳʹʥϾ˭ԹˣǻԸʥͬȴԸⱻǱԼЧҵˡ
ЩǣҲһĿ¶׹⣬гԹޡ
λѾ֪Ǳʵˡ
ȻһӰʥ˵ͷϿա
ʣ˾ǸϹҶǳ
ɱ˺ڵ񡣡һϳҶǳ֮ǰڳⲼλ
ҶǳƳһۣ˵׼ȫɱģϲһߣԸʥͶңҾһ
ҶǳĻһ䣬ʥŵڵӵУʱЩ۾һ
ϾʥŵĵӲÿ˶ЩϣҲ¶Ķ֮ɫ
οʥŵȣҲ㲻ñʥˡ
ȻҲжʥĹˣŸʥͬˣҶǳֱӾ͸ˡ
䣡
һЩ֮ҶǳԱ߲һĿɨǰʥڵӺͳǣ˵ν󣬽ܿ飬ֻҪͨ˿飬ܻ
ʲô飿һʥŵĳСʵ
ҶǳɭЦǵԣʥңôͱͨ飬Ѿ׷ʥˣǾͺͨ顣


1502 
ǰǿԵģһʥŵĵӺͳϵУʱһЩĿ˸ϸһĨԥż
ȻһЩʥŵҷӣ׼ͶǱ벹֮УȻٵպ󱨳ѩޡ
ҶǳҲͲµЩ˵Ĵڣһ㶼ģǴﵽκڵʥˣЩĵˣǸͨԵĴġ
ȥɣˣ³ֻһҶǳ˵
һЩʥŵĵӺͳѾʼǰĴ֮ˣЩ˶ǱˣͶʥûжģ˿̿ʥŽȻϣܹҶǳȡ
ҶǳĿ˸Щһͨ󷨿ʥŵӺͳϣɵص˵ͷ
ʥأǵЩʥŵĵ磬дռݶЩҲлм
Щ˼벹̣ټϼǼʥ˴ڣǲ̲ĵʥء
Ҷǳ뵽
ǲ̲ȱսʥˣҲȱЩͼӣϾ̲ŴãյĵΪ
ˣΨһȱٵıǰЩвĵӣЩ˵Ĵڣֲ˲̵Ĳ֮
ҲҶǳЩ˵Ϊ֮󣬲ʱı뷨ҪЩˡ
ȻЩ˼Ȼᱳʥţ˵ҲᱳѲ̡
ԣҶǳЩ˵֣׼Ժ󽻸Ϊ͹ǡ
ʣЩԺãȴãӲܽ벹̵ȨĽײ㣬עֻΪ̵ķչ񣬲ܵõ̫Ȩ
ϾҶǳЩԼĵӣǲŸֵΡ
Щ·ҵˣΪ̵ķչṩһӢ۰ɡ
ৡ
ȻҶǳһĽʱһЩҪߵʥŵӻɱ
ȻЩ˶ҷӣԸͶ̡
ȲЩ̷֮ЩʥŵĵӺͳϴѾͨ˿飬Ҷǳӻ֣ȫսԼĵ֮ڡ
Ҷǳһλĳϡ
ʲô֣ҶǳǰЩͽŵĴʵ
ǰҽ˾ɽ˾ɽæ˵
Ҷǳ˰ֵýǰԺƺΪɣǲ̵ĽԺǶǲ̵һԱˡ
̣˾ɽһ㶣ҶǳڶǼģ֪ǰ˾Ҷǳ
Ҷǳɻ˾ɽЦ˵ҽҶǳӦ˵ҡ
˻˾ɽԵһҶǳѪ̵ֵķзôһ֣û˵
οҶǳʥŵĵˣֻû뵽ȴʥűҶǳˣҲͶҶǳ붼޳
˾ɽипһ£񣬼ȻѾͶҶǳԺֻܸҶǳһߵˡ
ö񣡡Ҷǳ΢΢һЦȻԷѾԼˣԼ˻ǺܿģЦʵ֮ǰһڹײķɵʥţ֪𣿡
ǿڹײľںɽԭʥŻ󷨵ġ˾ɽæ˵
ǰ·Ҷǳ˵ͷ
˾ɽæǰ·
Ҷǳһ·̽Լȴ֣Լ̽鲻ǿڹײġ
Ϊˣ˾ɽ·˺ôҲһʥžܵżλ϶Ҳ͡
Ȼ˾ɽ֪ǿڹײĵ䡣
˾ɽҶǳʥŵĺɽﻹʣһЩ󷨴ڣЩ󷨱ʥǵĻ󷨾Ͳ̫Զˡ
Ҷǳʵޱǿټ󷨴ʦǳӦ֣һ·ؽʥŵĺɽ
һƵ֮УҶǳʱͿǿϤĹײģƵ󷨾ѾëƻǴ
ǰǿڹײľˡ˾ɽָǰĹײ˵
Ƚҵĵ磡Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ͽ˾ɽսԼĵ֮УԼǰĹײķȥ
գҶǳײĺ󣬲ɵýл
ҶСӣ㣿ûɣǲ㣿ҶСӣҶСӣײڶʱϲԵúܼ
Ҷǳʱ˿¶ЦݣȻû¡
ңҶǳͷôܹԼ𣿡
æ˵Ȼ֮ܰǰҲΪϼһ˵ҪҶʥڣһҳͻᱻʥŵ˸ˣŵҶҳ
λʥ˵ûھʥţҿûԳҶǳ˵
ʲô
񾪺
һ̣ǰĹײĶʱ׸͵رһϤĸߴӰվ



1503 ʥ
ʥţСûкҰɣʥţôģ
վڹײϣĿɨΧɵؿҶǳ
ҶǳƲƭʲôʥŵλʥλСʥǵսء
ǵˣɴ۾ŵСӿңҵڹײ˶ꣿСѵѾʥ𣿡
ҶǳЦ˵뿪֮ٸϸ˵Ȱʥ磬ȥæ
ʥСں˵˵ʲôڵΪȻ˴۷壬ʥʮǧأ˵ɴʥˡ˷ۣҶǳں
ҶǳţֱóλƬ˵ⶫλƬֻҪһ飬ܴﵽʥ۷壬һ飬ͻƳʥ֮󣬾˲ʥ硣
λƬⶫ˵ô棿ҶǳеλƬ۾һɣ˼顣
Ҷǳı飬ƺ˵ѣϢ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ϾŸոճҶǳͶ˵԰˲ɴʥôţ
Ҫ֪ողǿڹײĽ˴۷徳磬һӾҪɴʥ˵ʵ̫ˡ
֪ˣȰλƬ
Ҷǳٸϻֱڴ˵λƬʥڿһˣֻˡ
ǰѣⶫôôϥԼһλƬٶȺ
ٶȣҪȼǧ֮ܽ
ϻ֪ⶫ𣿡ҶǳЦֻϵǿ߲λλƬɲһġ
񼶡˻ⶫͷȻô󡣡𾪣ⶫ԰ʥˣϾǿµı
ͣ
ҶǳٿŻ𣬰λƬڻȼ£λƬѸپͱ֮С
ָоʱɫһ䣬гţָо̫ˣҾȻһ˵ڶֵֵڻںϡ
䣡
ȵڶλƬҲʱֵѾΪˣ˵ΪҲʥ˾
¡¡
һɹǿϢ羪κһ㣬ϵشϯ
̫ˣҾȻҪʥˣⶫȻҲгʥһ죬ֱΡ
Ҷǳһѵ侲㣬ʵ̫࣬׿ƣúס
ףҲСӣͱҶǳö࣬Ȼ֪ԼӦʲôղ̫ˣϾǳʥ˭᲻
䣡
ΪȲ̤ʥ˲Σһʥγ
ϱϢҲԽԽǿʥŶ𶯡
ԶҶǳĽعۿţЩλƬӻؾõģȴֻؿű˳ʥ
Ҷǳеı֪
Ҳʥ
ϧߵռ֮Ŀǰֻѡʥ
ȽѪ̵飬ͺúñչһΣٷ֮ʮﵽʥľ硣
Ҷǳ¶ġ
ëС塢̳ΪʥٲʥǾͻᱻǸ˦Զˡ
䣡
Ҷǳ˼ʱһɸǿϢϱϵƲ㶼ˡ
Ҷǳ۾һ֪̤˴ʥΣΪһʥˡ
⽫ǲ̵ĵλʥ
ʥǲ̼ʥ֮УҲǵ׵ˡҶǳ뵽
Ҫ֪֮ǰʥţҲֻʥѡ
ڻ½һСʥʥأʥء
һʥʥأѾʥˡ
ʥʥأǼʥ֮УҲƵǡϡˡ
ֻӵһʥʥأܱΪʥأսʥڱǶʥء
ǴʥľҶСӣڸоǰδеǿ󡣡
ͻȻ˹ʱҶǳܵһǿϢǿޱȣֱӾͱѹſˡ
ǸҲҶǳɵæǸ
Ҷǳ۵ԼʵٿزˣϽȥսϤһԼʵ
û⣡ڴӦ漴ɻ˭ս
ȥ֪ˣҶǳ뿪ʥţȻָŲԶڼս֮еë߸ʥŵСʥ˵磬ɱ߸Сʥ
ߵͷ𣿾Ȼ½ˣѵѾȥ𣿡һӾϳë
ҶǳͷǰȥһΡ
Сһ㣬ҲоˣȻһ̤˴ʥ硣ȻҲǸ㣬̤ʥģò˵Сӻһǰ
ЦһŲԶսٸȥ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦʥڣ߸Сʥˡ


1504 սʥ
ʱëڱʥŵλСʥΧ֮Уʵǿ󣬵һʱҲѳȥ
Ⱥ쵰󷨻Ȼôöûбүơ
ëž޴ĲˣЯžĿֲʥһδεسײ󷨵ıϡ
ʥŵλСʥϵʵ̫ȱˣ󷨶ͬͭǽһ㣬᲻ɴݣëʼ޷ͻơ
Ȼ߸ʥŵСʥѾʥɱ£˴˼ϵޱĬʹ硣
ϧǣվҲֻ߸СʥƴȫҲֻסһλʥ
ڣһλʥϹˡ
Сˣһ֮ЦԶһ˽ֱ˺ǰʥɱ
ţһ̤ʥ𣿹Ҵ󷨣үܹˡëʱ˷ܴЦ
һ̣ëһ֣ӦϣЭͬλʥȫһӲ˺ʥɱ
¡¡
Ƶ߸ʥŵСʥǵɳȥÿ˶Ѫɫɷס
˼Լƣٴʥɱ
ûõģëһЦСʥɱ
ЦһҲɱСʥЦλʥǵ󷨲ˡ
أ
λʥĹ£Ÿոɵʥɱٶȱˣ߸ʥŵСʥҲ״ˡ
ëһСʥռݾԵϷ硣
Ȼųʥã޷ӳʥսǴʥϾǴʥǶԸСʥǲġ
һʥŵСʥ׼ߵģȴҶǳסˡ
ʥˣһǵһԣ˼
Ҷǳ̤λʥŵСʥǰг˾ս⣬ɫû¶˿η֮ɫ
ʥСӣ̫ˣΪԽʥ𣿼ֱΣ
ʥŵСʥԼǰҶǳʱ۾һɣһǿʥѾȥ
¡¡
ʥǳӴ󣬼ֱЯ֮ΧնҡΣضڲ
Ҷǳ۾Ŀܵһǰδеѹ
Ľ
ҶǳҴ⣬߶ڵȫһ޴ޱȵĽǰʥӲ
ʲôʥŵСʥͫһŵصҶǳ
ҶǳЦȻʥʥһûô
˵գһƬȵĻ𣬶ʱǰӳȥϯء
ڷڵĻ֮УʥŵСʥüͷһ壬ʱ͸ܵԼʵˣȻֻǱɵʵ˵ҲӰܴ
̶ܹȣ츳ȷˣôһҲ¶ݡ
ǰʥŵСʥɫضҶǳһһ䣬ǸҶǳռ֮Ҷǳ
û뵽ʥŵʥҲʶСҶǳЦЦ
ʥŵСʥ۾Ҷǳɱɱʥŵǰһûˣû뵽ȴɱˣǻƽȮۣҾʶһʲôʥˣʥż٣Ҳְèܹġ
䣡
ʥŵСʥǿƣ忪ˣɱҶǳ
ջñ䣡ҶǳһѾ׼õ磬ǰʥСʥֹȥ
ʲôʥŵСʥһҪܵʱȴѾˡ
һ˲䣬͸оΧľ󳹵ױ仯ˣǰҶǳʧˣȡ֮һƬõ硣
ǣƬõ֮УȴޱȵʵҲ
Ļþ
ʥŵСʥķѴ磬۾ҶǳĿгɱ
ǻ򣬻磬Ҷǳ츳еޱȼɵ
ԣڶҶǳɱ⣬Ҳǿҵ˼¡
ռ
ʩչǰСʥ֮ҶǳʱʩչռӳǿĹŶԷɱȥ
ǲ
ҫ۵Ľ˺ѵأĽâʱննˣųֲɱ
䣡
ʥŵСʥٿʥ׾ٵؾ͵סҶǳʥ
ΪһСʥʵĳɣһսҶǳ֮ϡ
ʥ˵ǿ󣬸ǰʥԿġ
л磬ҶǳǲҺʥ˽ֵġ
ʥҲˣ
ҶǳսʥдʥɵһЦš
Ѿ֪СʥʵȻɱԼǿȫʸһսٿԱ
ĺ£ҶǳȻѵһǰʥ˽֣ǿս顣


1505 
¡¡
ʥǸĸ߿зżҵսƬش׳Ϊ˽أʥǵľѾͨˡ
һЩֵˣҲǶԶԶġ
ҲһЩϷĸ֣ڵ֪Ϣ֮Ҳӻ½ظԶս
Ϊⳡս̫ˣɷλʥսëѹλСʥǳ𺳣Ŀ
ҶǳʥһСʥĶԾҲˣΪǵһ˿ʥ֮ʥԾһܼôá
һ漣
Ҷǳʥ֮½ϵ
СӣСˣȻ˿ڰʥԿʥˣ㲻ռ֮š
ʥŵСʥҶǳԽԽľǰչֳʵʵڳ
ΪһʥˣֻСʥİʥҲǳĶࡣ
Щ̵콾Ļӣ
ȻǰҶǳȴİʥ֮ǿһ
ӵʵܺɨаʥˣѹܹڻؾ֮նɱѪ̵İʥ
ʥŵСʥһʼȫ߶ʥչֳǿʥ
䣡
ҶǳԼʥ֮УѲ񼶲ϵʱչֳʥǿ
һײΧĿռ֧飬µĴضѿ֩ƵѺء
ʯգǳ׹֮ĦҵĻ⣬ضˣֱһĩվ
䡭
ʥʥСʥʥÿһײֲ죬׹
һâ˺ѵأݺգǰ綼и룬ҫ۵Ľ棬âҶ㡣
ʥСʥʥҲǳǿϾһʥһʥ˲ٿأӳȫܡ
ʥ񼶲ϣΪҶǳʵСʥҲֻǿסʥ˫뽩֮С
֮
ʥŵСʥȻһʱһ֮ڱŵúܴһ̫žˡ
ʥ壡Ҷǳͫһ֪ǰλСʥչֳȫսˡ
֮ӳ֮ϣޱǿҲʥ˵ǿֶΡ
ΪֶΣԲʥ֮½
ڣҶǳҪս۾ʱӥӣޱϬ
أ
ʥСʥӶž޴ȭͷЯſֲޱߵݺݵغҶǳ
ʥʥԼֻֿܳȭսˡ
ʽŭ
Ҷǳһ߶Իʽ壬ûӳԼϣԼĻøǿ
һ˲䣬Ѿ޽ӽʥ˼ˣǰδеǿ
¡¡
ҶǳһˣʥŵСʥȭȭһľ죬ֱ캳أҡΡ
һⲫսڽԭʼļҲûʲôʽսֻȭ
Ѿﵽ˷豹ľ磬ѾҪһһʽֻǺƽһȭһţԷӳǿս
֡˻ʱǿ࣬ÿһȥѣշ顣
ǿһδεײţǵĽӳȥƬضҡκ
µʥǣʧȥʥǻǴı֮󣬸Ѿ̮ˣһƬǽķ档
ôܣȻֵôãⲻܣʥŵСʥŶҶǳš
ôãѾȫˣȻֻǡռϷ硯ѡ
ǰСӣֻһʥ𣿿Цɣ
ǺǣʥҲˡҶǳЦ
ѾＫˣƼֲ˶ãϾǿ״̬̫ˡ
ǸһϾһʥˣֵܹסôãѾ漣ˡ
Сӣҿ㻹ܼסãҽ켴ڴ˵أҲҪɱ㡣ʥŵСʥŭ
һʥסôã˵ֱǳ裬޷̡
Ҷǳ۾ɫ
Ҫɱ˭
ȻһϷŰӲԶΧ¶ȶࡣ
ʥŵСʥȥʱͫһ
Ϊһͷ޴ĲˣЯһȵĻ棬Ŵ˵ط
ɲǼ䣬һɴʥǿϢͳռ䡣
СˣȻһɱСʥųҵ׵磬ӲԶ̤ն
ѾСʥˡ
Ҷǳ˫˫ʱ˿Ͼֲ˶ˡ
㡭ǡʥŽʣµһСʥŵë񣬶ʱֺ̿;
֪Լˡ


1506 ʥŵĩ
û漣֣ʥһСʥëķӡˡ
ԴˣλʥŵСʥѾȫû
Զսˣǵһо䡣
һ֮䣬λʥһλʥ˱׽СʥҲʥ˰վڻ½۷Ĵڡ
߸۷ǿߣڽˡ
졭ʥſҪˣ
һ̾
ʥŵ߸Сʥ군ˣټϲԶ·ʥϣһҲˣʥžûʥˣ״ʥ֮б
ңһʥûʥˣЩձʥŴѹĸҲûʥţѩޡ
֮ڳÿˣҪһʥصĻ
߰ɣǿȥɷǰ֡
ҶǳǸӡʥСʥë˵
˿ԶսɷȻѹλʥɵʥɱ󣬵Ǻɱ֡
ʥɱƾ߸ʥܵסһλʥȻȥ֮һҪʥŵСʥóëһ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷܹõʥɱôǲδҲһǿĵơ
䣡䣡
˼֮ʣëһɷǱߣһԸʥϺλɢ޴ʥ
߸ʥҲë񣬵Ǹ֪ëʵҲɫ
Ҫɱǣ
ʥϸǻðɣعë
ʥŵ߸Сʥʥŵδɱʣһ׽ˣʥŶԣֱĩ١
ŭɱ⣬ʥϵн֯ţԸܵɷǵĹҲҪնɱë
ϧǻǵ͹ɷǵʵ
ǰҷģֱɷǴ߶еʥһЦ֮ɫ
ʥ̫ǿˣ֮⣬еʥ֮ϯʥɱ
ĸɢ޴ʥŵþʥϣ׳գСĵ㣬һ󷨱ˣǽ춼Ҫ
ʥǸղ̫嶯ˣѾ侲ˣֻĵķŭԷйֻƴɷǡ
¡¡
սԽԽңëĲ룬ʥϺλɢ޴ʥѾ᧿Σˡ
ëʵȻڴʥ֮вôҲȱս飬ǱϾʵʵĴʥҲܹʥв
ȻʥвĻɷǡ
λʥصţгɱȫ߶еʥǰʥɱ
ǰͻȻë⣬ɷ˵
ɷǿë˫Ŀķ򣬲ɵ¶֮ɫ
ܿ죬ǾëϾֻҪʥɱ󹥻޷ﶼһ
䣡
ɷǵһιʥɱʱͳһ˿˿ѷ죬ʥϺλɢ޴ʥɫ䡣
ôܣʥϲŵصɴ۾
λɢ޴ʥë𾪵һȻԷʥɱ㡣
ǲ㣡ʥʥɱû㣬ֻҵʥɱĵط
ǵʵֹʥ̫ǿˣ֮ǰɷûҵ󷨵ı֮ԲǼôá
ɣѾƣֲ˶ˣҷֿɣ

ʥϺĸɢ޴ʥٽš
û˿˵һ̣߸ʥ㳯߸ȥ
ߣΪǰ𣿡ɷǴһһץһʥϣסˡ
ʣµһʥϣëסˣΪҲóɷҪɱʥŵʥˡ
λɢ޴ʥҲˣûʲô˵ġ
ϧλɢ޴ʥûӳȥΪߵʱ򣬺Ȼײһ󷨡
¡¡
ĸɢ޴ʥֱ֮У󣬻ʥ˼󷨡
˼·ͨҶǳһЦݵط˹
Ȼʥ˼õģΪֱá
Сӣˣ
ĸɢ޴ʥŭ׷ȫ֣׼ٶȻɱҶǳ
ƽ⣬żҶǳЦһɷǱߣʥʩչ硣
ͻͬǶԴʥĸֶо޴Ӱ졣
ʥϱͲɷǣ֮˲ͱɷǸˡ
ǰ쵰Ҫˡëе
ԶסһʥϣǿҪֲסˡ
ϾһʥҪߣʵںѽס
Ҳֻɷʥǿնɱһλʥ
ɱ
ɷ۾һʥϣɱڡ


1507 Ⱥʥ
û뵽ʥҲһ죬˭˵вʥأ˭
һʥŵʥϣǰɱڵɷǣɵòȻһЦ
֪ʥų군ˣЩ֮ǰʥһȺʥŵľӢǿԻҲû˸ʥˡ
ʥŽ׳Ϊʷ͸ǰŵĹʥһ
ǹʥֻҪɷڣôʱܹ½ʥء
һʥأֻʥ˲ʥء
һʥأûʥˣǾ͸Ҳûʲôˡ
Щҹʥأɷ䶢ʵ
ʥŵһʥû˿ֱӴɷǣ̶ЦЩҶ㣬еȥǱ𣿹Ƚ֪֮㻹ţ»鷳
Щ㶼ˣɷǺһʥһʥϸ÷顣
ʥû֮󣬾ͱëַӡˡ
Ǻöһλʥʥȱүʥǿˡëһ˷ܵ
Žʥã֮ǰҲֻǽΪʥûнΪʥҪʱС
͸ˣûнΪʥĴʥ
лλæϷ͸ǵл񡣡
ɷǿë漴ʥ֮ǰնɱʥϵĴʥ
¸£ǰлˡëûпֱЦݡ
ڨڨǰôҪûİڻֻһСѡ
ɷҡͷûа㣬ֻƵʥǵĻǴѣοֻﵽ۷塣ңΪĴڣСӣƽʥǵĻǴԸлŶԡ
˵Ҳллȥˣⶫǰûã°ɡëһƲø˿кöȻһ
ɷǲʥҲָл
Ҵﵽ˴۷壬ҶǳҲλƬϾⶫҪҪˣ˷ѵġ
۹ϵ֮Ǳ߻кܶҶǳϵõĴڡ
˵ǰﻹĸһҪˣҿ֧Ų˶áҶǳĻ
ʥ˼󷨣ʩչ磬ǿסĸɢ޴ʥʱ䡣
СӣүˣëҶǳԮ˹ȥ
үһʥʵ͸ǿˡëЦ
ҲˣЦһʥټʥ˼һʥʱ仹ǿԵġ
Ҷǳ˵ͷȻʵɲ絥ɢ޴ʥʱ䣬ǻ׾ٵġ
ǰ
Ҷǳ漴ɷǣʣɢ޴ʥֻܽˡ
ɷǵ˵ģһᾡɱǡ
ĸɢ޴ʥȻûв뵱ʥص飬μȻǸʥϹһȻ顣
ûзϻɷǵ֮Уǿɱһλɢ޴ʥ
Ϊλʥ֣ɷλʥɱ͸ˣϾһʥ͹ʥ֮Ĳ̫ˡ
֮ǰλʥʥɱ󣬲ǿסɷǡ
ƾһλʥʵڹʥǰ˫ȫһ档
̶Ƭ֮䣬ɷǾնɱλɢ޴ʥʣµλɢ޴ʥҲû֧Ŷ೤ʱ䡣
Զս˷׷׺Ȼһ֮䣬λʥ䣬λСʥ䣬ֱǧҵսˡ
½Ѿܾûôʥˣһһ֮ġ
һĻͨ紫ݳȥ½
ֻΪʩչ˻ҶǳҲ¶ˣ½˶֪һεȺʥ¼Ҷǳ֣Ѫ¼֮ٴδﵽ۷塣
ڷ½Բ֪ĳӵ֣Բ֪ܲҶǳ֡
նɱѪ̰ʥʥţԿһСʥܣЩÿһҶǳ¡
οҶǳˣڵֱ죬˲֪˲
ǰǣ
ԶҶǳǰһƷɵɻ
ڸղţɷɱλɢ޴ʥ֮󣬽ǵȫ͵ǰˡ
һʱء
ûҪңҲôʥţЩıꡣɷǵ˵
ҶǳǫǰˣܹæЩ˶ǰɱģǶǣ·ˡ
ϻˣɣϷǷ顣ɷ˵գת׼ȥ
ǰȵȣҶǳǰЩƷæ׷ȥ


1508 ޷˵
֮УҶǳëˣɷǵ
ʥٶȻܿ࣬ëʥٶҲ١
Ͼë޲ˣǷеߣóٶȡռ֮ģٶȸóˡ
ҶǳٶȱһЩǿϣϾʱ
һѾ뿪Ϸ
ɷͣסӣתͷҶǳˣʵǻʲô
ëû˵ĿתϹҶǳҲ֪ҶǳΪθɷǡ
Ҷǳ˿ԶɷǣϿҵǰոճأƾӵ֮ǰɣҪ½ʥأ֮Ҳȫ
ë۾һԭҶǳСǴ⣬֮һʥʵڻǿ࣬ԺЩʥزˡ
½ʥأ
ɷһ漴ԳЦһԼĵӶ޷ʲôʸٽʥأȻʥѾˣǾӴɢɣϷֻʣһԸǾǱѩޡ
˵ɷǻɱйһɷ籩
Ҷǳæ˵ǰ½ʥأܵиŵĵطǰĻȥ֮ǡ
ǰλһλʥҶǳʵڲϾεĻᣬǲҪŪһλʥǾͲ֪Ҫȵˡ
Сӣ֪ĿģȷҪȥ֮ǣ
ɷĿضҶǳЦǹʥصĳ˿ɲֹʥһңЩ֮УʥŻǵ׵ģСӸңѵͲ֮ǣ
ҶǳԤϣЦ˵ǰǰڻؾѪ̣׼֮أǰĳѵѪ̸ǿ
ɷһ㶣漴ȻѹСôеҪ£ϷԭǵѪ̰СãѪҵĳ֮һ
ҶǳĿɿڴҲû뵽ôɣѪҲɷǵĳ֮һ⻹ǵ˵ĵ˾ˡ
Ҷǳæ˵ǰԵ֣ҵܹ磬ǰĸʥţǵĳ˶һ
ɷƳҶǳһۣߵС̫ˣгˡ
Ҷǳڨڨǰν˵ĵ˾ѣοԵӦѪ̣Σ
ˣɷǰ˰֣Ȼ󲻵Ҷǳ˵ҡͷǲȥ֮ǵģڲȥ
ɷǿԶգҪɱ䣬ЩһŹѪҲ֮һȥ֮ǣֻü֮ǵ
ҶǳһɵȰ˵ǰһҪ侲һˣôܶùôĵˣǴӳ飬ʱ׼һ¡
ΪһˣŻ޾ɷЦҪǻڿ־֮УҲ˵Ӳĳ
Ҷǳ˵ˣǰλʥѾױûˣ˵öġ
ңԷҲ˵öԣɷһˣױѩޣϾǣ޹ңһξһΣѪҪץɷǶѡ
ϾҪץסһʥǺѵģʥһʵ
ʥҪӣܽס
սѪҲ׶õġ
Сӣҿ˳ۣһصԸѪ̣ҹڣѪ̾ûСˡ
ɷǿҶǳһۣ漴ƿնȥ
һΣٶȸˣת֮ʧ֮С
ë˹ҶǳļЦҶСӣˣһӶôѩޣû˼ǲ̡
Ҳͷ˵ȹʥ磬Լᶨޱȣ˵öġ
ҶǳЦҲֻ֪Щźһλʥټǲõ󷨣ǳǵ˴򣬷֮ǡ
ëƲʥΣǵˣվġ˵ڼգѾλʥˣʵֻҪѪ̲ԸǣǾͿԱˡ
Ц˵λǰڣѪڿ¶˼ϣϾһλɢ޹ʥƻɱǿˡ
ëɭЦ˵Ĳһɢ޹ʥĳˣѪ̵˿¶Ĳˣﻹ˼ǡ
ϣ˰ɣҶǳ˵ͷ
һ𷵻֮ǡ


1509 ʮ칬
֮ǡ
Ҷǳǻ֮󣬱Ƚ˰֮Ǻܴ󣬰һǴ´ࡣ
ϾЩȻ֮չ֮Ĵǳػ࣬кܶյĵط
ٺ˰֮Ҷǳ㹫ͽΪŵӡ
˺Ժֻаһͽˣͽˡ


ҶǳëС˾ۼһ𣬼ǰһƷ
Щλɢ޴ʥλʥϣûʲô£ֻʥ
Ͼʥʥصʥˣǵĺö϶Щ󱲵ˣͱʥˡ
ֻλɢ޴ʥɢޣһңڣûʲôˣԺöԼϣҲͱҶǳ
ĸɢ޴ʥ湻ģǵƷʥ֮еôʥ˾ûжôˣҶǳۡ
ⲻë֮󣬶˵ɢ˵ĹȻûһڹײĸ
ëָɷǵǿڹײģƵʥ֮ɷҲûҪǿڹײģֱ͸
ʱɫһڣ͹ײĵĵⲻ
һ뵽ǿڹײĵĲϣҧҧˡ
£̲аһڹײȫʥеľģЩľ𶼲֪Խټʥˡ
Ǻǣô˵ɢޱǵĺöЩʥˡ
Ҷǳָǰλɢ޴ʥĴʥЦ˵ļʥǲģԺ˭Ϊʥ͸
λʥҲʥպñëСˣһһˡ
ҶǳԼûпǹЩʥȻЩʥǿ󣬵ʥǱ
Ҫ֪ʥ֮пǲ񼶲ϣһΪʥˣôΪʥЩʥǿˡ
СɣԺרŸǲ̵ı⡣ëٺЦ
СҲû⣬˭ڼ֮ǡСֱء
СЩϵʱҶǳһͻȻһѰɫС˸һĨļµĹâ
ãǻģȥҶǳɫ䣬һץǰѰɫСƿռһ뿪֮ǡ
ëҲ׷˹ȥ
ֱԶ֮ǣҶǳ˿óаɫС˹ۿ
ǿĻģǼλʥֲõġëͨ󷨣ϸ˿ʱɫ
ɻôоЩϤ񡭡
λʥϵϢ԰ɣҶǳ
ë۾һȷϼһϢⶫǴλɢ޴ʥ֮ҳģôλʥϸˣ
²᲻֮ףϾλɢ޴ʥҲװװʥšҪ֪һλʥսɲǿЦģû㹻棬Ҳ̶ֳ֮ȡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵е
ëƣ˫ȵɫСͲǼ򵥵Ķ϶Ȼλɢ޴ʥġ
ĸɢ޴ʥҲĸʥһıǲᶯĵġҲ˵
Ҷǳ۾˵ϻˣȽĻ˵ⶫͷƤ飬һը൱ڼλʥһ㲻ըǣҲݻѰɫС
ǺǣİɣʥѾˣǲᱬըġëЦ
˵պҲλʥȫƽ⣬һʱ㹻ˡ
£ëС塢˾ͿʼƽĻġ
ȻʥϵʵǿǱϾˣûǲٿĻģܿͱë˸ƽˡ
⾿ʲô
ҶǳɫСĻıƵˣ̽ѰɫС
ʱһӴϢҶǳԺӿЩǹڰɫСϢ
ô
ëȲѯʵ
Ҷǳ˷ܵǵõˣԼɡ
ëҲ̽ʱõ˰ɫСϢ
ԭһ󱦲صĿԿףֻ֮һϧˡëƲ
һԵһۣЦʮ칬ԿװǿɲʮλʮλʥؿǰδеĴ󰡣ֻʮԿеһѣֻҪܹǲȥҲǳˣֵޡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ȷǼֵޣҪʮԿ۲ܿڻ֪Կ˭ʱ
Աү˵ϧëƲ


1510 ֮
֮ǣ
ٴλ򿪻磬ʼҹʮ칬Ϣ
ʮ칬ʷǿʥأʢʱڣӵʮλʥ̼˶˱ᡣ
ëŻʾϢɵһ𺳡
һʥӵһλʥѾǶʥˣӵһλʥͿ˵ǿʥˡ
ʮ칬Ȼӵʮλʥֱ̻Ҫֲ
Ҫ֪ϣҲֻһλʥ㰵ʵҲᳬˡ
ӵʮλʥʮ칬ʵ϶ֵϺü̡ˡ
һʥǿ̶ֳȣֱǹһʥء
ǿʥأ治֪ģϽ鿴Ҷǳ̾һ£漴˵
æ˵ҵˣԭʮ칬Ϊ˵ֵؾڵħֶġ
ֹô򵥣
ëȻҲ鵽ˣЦʮ칬ħͬھ֮ǲĵĴ̸ˡû뵽Ĵ̣Ȼ˵ı޳ܣ빥ħҲˣȻʮ칬
޳ܣ
Ҷǳ˿Ҳ鵽ˣǰĻ¶ϢĴ̵ĺøж½㡣
˵ˣؾһ⣬ʥ˽
Ǹʱ򣬻ؾڵħʵǿӵʮλʥħ
ǵ֮£½߸޷ֵĽڽڰˡ
Ĵʱ򣬶òµ󷨽зǿԱ
Ǹܻ½˵
ֻʮ칬ʱվˣʥأֿħ֡
ʮ칬ʮλʥħʮλʥͬھʣµĲħҲʥصΧ£Ķ㣬в½
ʱĴ̾Ϳʼժʤʵˣɵشûʥħ̣Χ
ʮ칬ʧȥʮλʥĵһʥأǱĴ̸ˣΪʷ
ʥȻĴ̵ʵˣҲֻܸŭԣѡ񳼷Ĵ̵ͳ¡
ǿʢʮ칬ֻʣһЩڻϵĺۼˡ
Ĵ̵ĺԸʮ칬ɻħȴƫƫʮ칬ȥƴƴɵժȡʤʵ
ҲܲĴ̵
ëЦĴͼɵʮ칬ˣϾһʮʥһΪ񼶴ڣôʮ칬ܳΪˡңǻǿ̣ʱĴ̶бв
˵ëɭҶɵЩħܹ֮ӻؾڳпܾĴ̶ֽšҪ֪ǿɶӵһδزܴ򿪻ؾ
һͷ²ĿԺܴ󣬷󷨺ħǶܹԱʮ칬ûˣǾ㲻ֿħҲᱻħ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ʮ칬ҲǱƵû취
ǣ֪Ĵ̲ʲôöʮ칬Ҳô¸С
ʮ칬ǱƵû취󷨺Ҳħƴˡ
ܹվڻ½۷ǿûʲô²µģһжΪ档
ֻ˵ʮ칬һУû뵽Ĵ̻ôݶֱؾħǡ
ңһвʮ칬У˳˻ؾڵħʹĴܹɵ˽ȥѹλؾڵıνһá
Ҷǳòƶƻˣֱʮ칬ħŪڹ֮䡣
ң⻹ıʮ칬ħ֪ԼˣҲòƴ
ϾħҪռݻ½ʮ칬Ҳֻܾһս
ʮ칬˵Ҳһ棡
ҶǳɫصԺǲҲǿһ̶ȣĴҲǣѾ̵ˡ
ë˵ͷ漴ЦǱʮ칬һƣ󷨣ȱүϸоȥһԲó󷨣ʱǲ̾޾Щˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷһ󷨲óɹֻҪǿֳǾԱˡ
Ĵ̵Ϊ󷨷Ÿңʮ칬


1511 ʱ
֪ʮ칬ԭҶǳǶ½ĲпˣĴ̵İԵҲһʶ
ڿʮ칬İɫСҶǳʱϾһԿף޷ʮ칬ġ
ң²Ĵ֮п϶һԿףϾʮ칬һʮԿףǻٶõüԿײŶԡ
Ҷǳ֪ԼڵʵûʸĴ̹ͬʮ칬ΪһЩ֪ԿףǶԷͻֱûʸԷ̸
ȱԿףԺʵǿٿʮ칬Ҳ١ë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷҪȴһûᣬȶɹѪ̵Σ˵ҲٵЩ죬Ѫ̶ʲô
˶ɵÿС塣
ǰҶǳǶϷʥţֻС֮ǣӦ֪ʱ顣
ӭż˵Ŀ⣬С建˵ʮ߻ӵİ۶վߣټսʥں˾嫺սǵѾܾλѪ̵ĳϡ
ëܾ֮ǰʮ߻ǰҲûʾܾô찡
ӦǵõʥűϢ²
С˵ͷ˵ݻսִԪ˧ϢֿԺܴ󡣡
ëƲǿΪαֳʵЩ˼ɡ
Ҷǳҡͷʵǲ˼ɵģֻǾؾֵǰˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰңֻһʥǿİʥҲֻǰʥʵֻһϣȻں
ҶǳĿ䣬˵ڣʥһս˾ͻỳҸʥĹϵɷλǰҲпվߡ
һʥʥѾǶʥصʵˣȻΪ˼ؾԼһʥء٣Ѫ̣ౣ
ë㱣ҲѪ̵Ķֻ֣ϣɷүӸ㣬Ѫʱûʱǡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ë䣬ҶǳյһɷǰϢ
׼ȷ˵ѾˣëҲͬʱյˡ
˿֮󣬶Ǿ㵵̧ͷ˵
ɷǰɱһѪ̵Ĵʥ
ҶǳŻʾϢʱ𾪲ѡ
Źȥã
ɷǰѾɱѪһλʥٶȣⱩƢ̫ϲˡ
ëЦҸղ˵ʲôˣү̫ˣѪ̹ûˡ
һʥ̣ҲûжٴʥļֵɱҶСɱʥǿ̫ˣѪ̵Ļ¶Ҫɷǰˡ˵
Ҷǳ̾ɷǰǵģôͶѪ̳֡
үǸˣëҲѵظмһɷǣ漴Ҷǳ˵ȻʱǣǾ취ʵСӣþʥ
Ҷǳֻ̤ʥ˾磬Ļ嵹Ǽ򵥣ֻǺķʱ䡣ԣǵòһԼʱ󷨣ʱֱ
ëʱүҲ˽һ£һλʵǿĹʥƶɵģڸ޷Ƴ
ҶǳҡͷǲҪʱʱԼһ򱶵ʱ٣ֻҪܹһǧѾܲˡ
һǧѶӦòǺܴҼǵõܼһٱʱ١С˵
ëԣСһۣҡҡͷ
˵𣿡С°ͣڨڨ
ҶǳС壬̾С壬ʱأµķǿԽԺɵؼһٱʱ٣ҪһٱһǧѶ˲֪ٱ
ëЦ˵һǧˣܹһٱӵٱǾѾˡٵʱԽ࣬ѶȾͳɼӡ
Сʱһ֮ɫûʱ֮Ҳ󷨣ԲеѶȡ
ҶǳѾʱ֮ڸʱټ϶󷨣ԲеѶȡ
ëʱҲо󷨣̡Ҳʱ֮Ϳռ֮ģߵ·ӸҶǳһѾʱ
һмǧսȽʱһһоһ¡ңҲֻһ㣬ʥˡ
Ҷǳ˵СΡ
ԭʣǧսټϾŻӳŵһǧսԼͼõսǧսˡ
ȻŻӳŵһǧսʱûеˣҶǳҲƾŻӲ
ϾѾǵжԹϵˡ


1512 ս
սҶǳϵľŻӣҪһǧս
Ͼһǧսܹʱʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ļܹ50%ˡ
ৣ
úҶǳǰ¶ŻӵӰֻһɫĮضҶǳ
þòŻӣҶǳЦŻ֡
Ż˵Ҷǳ㲻Ҫ̫ˣѪ̽ʥΪǻŹ㣿
Ҷǳʥɲô׽ģѪ̳λʥһѹʥУǶ˴£Ѫδػ
λʥϵѪ̻᲻вʥŻɭЦ
Ҷǳüͷһʱ׾Żӵ˼Цʥ˯ʱһûгأɵӶΪҺйϵΪѪ̵ɵ𣿡
ΪʥţŻߵ
ҶǳǶŹͬĵˣżһκǺǣһλʥѣ껹õѣ
ŻҲ֪û취ҶǳλʥϵһΣѪ̲֮Ĺϵʵ֮ȷûʲôϵ
˵ɣʲô飿ŻЩͷʵ
ҶǳҪλƬһ
Żӣ㻹ǹ˶°ѵˣڻؾڣǴӦһǧսôٳûеˣҶǳ
ŻӿֳһĨ֮ɫս㻹ҪһǧսÿҪսҲУһλƬһս
Ҷǳ۾ô˵Żӣ׼ˣ
Żӱ˫ۣӵؿҶǳߵҺΣ
Ҷǳɫһ䡣
ŻӲмΪʶʥǰʥҲֻһֻԴһϡ
ʥϣһʥʲôҶǳ༥Ŷ˸㣬ʮ߻ӰҵæҾһλƬΪʥˡ㣬һʥܹΪСʥ
Żͫһսȭͷ۾׺ݵصҶǳŭȵҶǳң
ԼûλƬԲʮ߻ӵõλƬΪһͻᱻʮ߻ӸȥԵ֮λ
ˣҾ͸ʮ߻ӡҶǳЦ
Ҷǳ֣ӽ쿪ʼҽϧһдɱ㣬͵ɡŻɱؿҶǳ漴Ӱɢ
ӰɢʱһӰȴȻ¶˺Ȼʮ߻ӡ
ҶǳЦؿʮ߻ӣʮ߻ӣΪ˰㣬ҿǵŻˡ
ᷢѡȷģʮ߻ӱ˫֣΢ЦſҶǳ
սǧڣҶǳĻ֮кȻϢһͷǧսʮ߻͸ġ
ҶǳʱЦˣ̧ͷʮ߻˵ʮ߻ʹ죬Ҹʱ֮ǰɣҽǿλƬ͸㡣
лˣԺֻҪҾͱʮ߻ӵͷ漴ͨѾȲ֮ˡ
ʮ߻ʧҶǳһЦŻӣˣҵսҲ١ңʮ߻ӳɴʥ֮ҿ㻹ܼܲš
ҶСӣҪһλƬ͸ǼһëЩĵʵ
Ҷǳ̾ڵĵѾˣٵʮ߻ӣûǵ֮ˣʱѪ̣
ͷҶС˵ĲҪʱ䷢չʮ߻ӽãܹΪʣӵеʱ͸ˡ
ҶǳЦҵ˾ŻӣֻҪʮ߻ˣҴѹŻӵģϾŻܹв˵ŻӼȥ
Ҷǳ˵෴βλƬʮ߻ӣ˿϶Ըңõʱǵ֮𣿡
ëҡҡͷ
ŻӺʮ߻Ĵˣô죿
һΣʮ߻վҶǳߣҲܾѪ̵
ʵϣĸʥغóͳΣɣû˿ֳȻĵλҲִڡ
ʮ칬̫ȻˣĴֶ̳Ը
Ҷǳ֪ԼڵҪһɽֻϵĿɽҲС
ˣ9000ս㹻оʱˣҲ˳ʥ
ҶǳԼӴսЦŶë˵
ȸүһǧսʮʱ䣬㹻үЩ󷨸͸ˣȻֲʱ󷨡ë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷս񣬵Ҳȱһǧڡ


1513 
תëһǧսһϾʱ
ԭҶǳʱھŻٻڿӻؾ󣬾ŻѾʱλʥˡ
ȻֱʦͽҲܽ͸Żӡ
Ҫ֪ʱȻûʲôͷȴܹλʥ׬ȡԴԴϵս
Ҷǳλʥսһ֣붼еޱĽ
СӣүȽȥˡëЩȲؽʱڡ
С嶼ΧʱתţΪʥ֮ǵҲǿ࣬Կóʱıʡ
ϾʱԴʱϵõջܴ
ҶǳҲڴʱʱ֮ʱ͸ˡ
ʥȻûʲôͷȴϳˣʱ棬ֱǼƷ̫ˡ
һ򱶵ʱٰŻӵλʦʱλˣǿʲôز
Ҷǳ𾪡
֪λʥʱģԷܹʱһ򱶣ɼԷʱߵıԶˡ
Ҷǳ²⣬¶Էڹʥ֮УҲĴڣɷǶҪǿ
ܹƳʥʥˣʵ̫ˡ
ãջĿ⣬һ
ҶǳЦ˵һλǿĹʥܲ𣿡
˵ͷ漴ʵʲôҪҰæ𣿡
Ҷǳҡͷʱûʲô飬Ϥһ´ʥľ磬ȡմʥս
Ҿȱչˣֱӽҡ˵ͷȷҪչһΣϾǴСֱӽ˴ʥ磬Խľ̫ˣʥһʵӲ
ĿԶȥҶǳǰС˵һͽܽɣпհָһ¡
Сһ磬ͽܣӦָ𣿡
ûʱ䣡Ҷǳҡͷ
Сһ㶡
ɺǿ󰡣
û취Сֻȥָˡ
ҶǳСȥɵЦЦȷҪ졣
ëغ˾Ҫͬʱ󷨣Ҫ಼ܶĲϡ
ҶǳϴȻڻؾڵõ಼ϣδػṻΪ˱һ㣬ҪռһЩϡ
ʮ߻Ҫһ㣡
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ뿪˵أǰȥĴ
úʮ߻ӾʹҴҸϹˣȻһǳеõһöλƬĺܼʱ
Ҷ֣
ʮ߻ӿҶǳʱɵһЦݣܹҶǳõһλƬҶǳĺøжȶ˲١
οҶǳѾ;Żӳַˣν˵ĵ˱ѡ
˵ǰʮ߻ӻûҶǳöԷûʸΪԼġѡ
Դӵ֪ʥŸľ֮Ѿ֪Ҷǳ˲򵥣Ը⽻Ҷǳѡ
ʮ߻ӣĿ죬ѵҷڣҶǳЦ˵
ʮ߻Ӵ˸ڨڨЦҶ˵Цˣһŵġ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴óһλƬƬɢŵĹΣһƬ֮С
ʮ߻Ӽ״ʱһĿҶǳеλƬ
ݣ
Ҷǳָһ㽫еλƬʮ߻ӣæס
ҶֹȻˬ죡ʮ߻ӼһλƬα֮󣬱ЦŶҶǳ˵ͷԺҶʲô飬Ծҡ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цʮ߻ӣҶĳæ
ʮ߻ЩԼǿһ£һﵹãȻֱˡ
ոյõλƬʮ߻ӵ黹ǷǳõģЦ˵Ҷ˵
ҶǳЦҲʲô飬ҪչһЩĲϣҪʮ߻ӰмˣϾҶö࣬Щ򲻵ȴõ
򵥣ҪĲ嵥ҾˣʱֱӸ㰲šʮ߻һʱӦ
ȷʲô飬ֻҶǳҪһѣ˵ֱǾ֮͡
ǾͶлʮ߻ˡҶǳص˵ͷ
һʮ߻ӾʹҴҸ뿪ˣһȻǼȥλƬӶʥ硣
һ죬Ѿ̫ˣȲˡ
ʮ߻ȥ֮ҶǳڻһЩʱҪĲϣûеģһһ¼Ȼ󷢸ʮ߻ӡ
ʮʱת۾͹ȥˣʱѾȥʮʱ䡣
ʱ򿪵ʱëһЦݵش˳Ȼջܴ
ôҶǳЦʵ
ëٺЦʮʱ䰡ȱүӼҪ࣬Щʱ䲻ñүŪЩ󷨣Դʥ磬үҲȫˣڱүӳʥսˡ
Ǿͺãʮ߻ӰѲĲϹˣھͿʼɡҶǳʱص˵ͷ


1514 ʥ
ͨʮ߻ӵϵҶǳѾ׼˲ʱ󷨵Ĳϡ
ëҲˣǲĺʱ
ҶǳѾЩȲҪʥˡ
ϾëС塢Ƕɴʥˣͽܰɽ۷ʱҲܳɴʥ
ʦʱܱܲԼͽܸԽɣҲ̫ˡ
Уʮ߻ӵõһλƬ֮Ҫ˶ã϶ҲΪʥ
ʮ߻ӵѹŻӾûλƬҲóʥˡ
Ҷǳʶ𡢻սִԪ˧˾嫺Ԫ˧ԪҲʥˡ
ҶǳȻûʲôеȷһЩѹ
磬ͽˣҪʱˡҶǳóĲ֮󣬶ë˵
һһϦ飬Ͼʱ󷨲ײãʱȻ˷ѡ
ڻ8000ս㹻ʱʮ꣬ʥˡ
սģһ㶼⡣
ڻؾڴ౦ֵ֮ѾԶԶЩսļֵ㹻̷չˡ
ǺǣҶǳĻëЦİɣүһ㹻ˡ
ͨʮУ󷨵⣬ѾԽҶǳ
ϾΪǴʥѧϰٶȺܿ죬ϵ츳ͱҶǳǿ
Ҷǳľﵽ˵κڣҲɾ͡
ã
Ҷǳ˵ͷëǺܷĵģǱ˴һ·ʦѣ˴˶ǾԵΡ
䣡
Ҷǳսһʱ֮󣬸ոȥʱһƿնҶǳǰ
½ôãҪʥˡ
Ҷǳǰʱһ˽ȥ
ʥһ죬ҲȺܾˡ
ʥ֮½ΪϣɲΪϡ
Ȼ֮ǰҶǳҲܹСʥϾʥˣΪϡ
һΣҪ̤ϻ½۷壬λʥ
ëҶǳıӰһп֮ɫû뵽СһȻôǿүҪʥ
һ˵飬¾Ҷǳˡ
ëԺв𵱳ɭ֮ҶǳһĻĻ
̾һëʼ񣬲ʱ󷨡
ֻҪóɹԺҶǳʵͻδΪʥʥǲܡ
񣬻СˣܹΪʥѾǼˣҪΪʥ²֪Ҫ۶¡
ʥǲվڻ½۷壬ֻҶǳܴ첹վ۷塣
ëʮ־ʼ󷨡

ʱڡ
Ҷǳϥʼ塣
Ļﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ壬ʥٷ֮塣
ڻؾٷ֮ûѶʮʱС
һ8000սһʱʱ䣬Ҳ˵аʮʱ䣬㹻ʥˡ
ʼ
Ҷǳ۾һɫĹâ𽥴ɢʱڲһƬҺ͹
Ҷǳڣƽ֮ڱ֮ͨϵشӿѪ֮
ʱ˿̣ҶǳܹظܵԼڲϵرǿ
ǵĻ屻ٷ֮ʮŵʱڵĹͷϾͿʼһЩصķġ
Ҷǳ֮Ӵһһ߹۲Щͷطġ
ͨ۲죬ҶǳЩصķ̺֮ĳ֮֮
֮Ҳк֣ܶҶǳ֮ǰʱһ֣ǳЩط֮е֮ȴûԣֻǴ
ȻȻûԣֻҪ֮ͷǳǿ
ЩطҶǳĹͷ֮󣬾ʹĹͷɱʥǡ
ʥһɣҶǳ͸ܵԼǿˣһֳǿ
ڿѾﵽ˰ʥļޣСʥһսҶбʤİա
Ҷǳ뵽
ٷ֮ʮŵĻ壬ȻʥѾӵʥ˵սˡ
ϾʥѳɣѾʥܽˡ
ʵϣֹȥ֮ҶǳѪ֮ҲʼЩصķġ
ԴˣѪҲһɱ䣬Ĺͷһʥ塣
Ȼǻ壬Щʥ˵һ
ʥ˵ǽʥ壬а塣
ҶǳܹܵԼİǿ
ΪĻٷ֮ʮ֮ҲСʥڣǰʥһСʥڵʥս
ʱҶǳ֮⣬ʱڱֲܡ
ԣǳСʥںԼڵľ޴ࡣ
׾ܽնɱ
Ҷǳ뵽
ԼȻСʥڣսСʥ۷壬޽ӽʥ硣
Ҳ˵ֻҪʥʥˣսһʥǿ󣬸ճʥܿȴʥûˡ


1515 ս
ʮʱҴҶ
ʱڣҶǳ˫貵⣬ʱ˺գԶʱǽײĿĻǡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷǳ˳ɫһ̫ͷų貵Ľ⣬ǿա
䣡
һ̣һǿϢҶǳϱֱ캳أʱʱ
ëͻ֣ᷢҶǳ˿ͷųѾˡ
ëǿһЩСǶҪǿ
ʥھʥս
Ҷǳһȭͷռ䶼ˣйâ˸š
ʱĻѾ%55֮ǿֱ
ͨСʥһȭܽɱƾսаտʥ
ëǱҶǳ̫ˡ
ΪҶǳʥս˫ǿԼ޳ʥģΣĥ£һʥ·ġ
ëǼڴ۷壬λƬֱӿԽ磬ӶΪʥ
ִʥǴʥ֮Ĵʥûоʥ֮·ĥ£ҲûµĻۣûʥս飬Сʥս鶼Ȳϡ
˵ë˵ս޽ӽʥȴʥҪһ㡣
ëڵõʥϵĴʥƾʥǵǿȶʥڵսΪһĴʥ
ǺҶǳǻҪһߣϾʥʥϵĴʥԼĴʥܹӳޡ
ҶǳʥʥûǿȻҪǿë⼸߽ݾĴʥ
¡¡
ʱȻһǿųϮ
ҶǳһЦʱ䵽ˣҪȥȥ𣿲û뵽ʱڶ޷ˣ
ҶǳԵúܿġ
ʹʱһʱ䵽ˣ̾ͱʱ߳ȥӶ޷ӡ
ѾȥʮˣӼʮˣʱҲֻǾһ¡
ȻҶǳڵʵʱҲ޷Ҷǳˡ
ϾֻһʥֹʥôһλʥСʥ
νʥ֮£Ϊϣڲˡ
ҶǳЦ߳ʱ
ȻԼʱһ¾ͻʱλʥˡ
ǿһλǿĹʥɷǶҪǿǹʥеĶ
˻ǾŻӵʦܹһλӵʦôĵλͿ֪ˡ
Ҷǳɲҵľǿߡ
ݣ
Ҷǳ̤ʱʱʱҲСɳӣƿնȥ
Ҷǳתͷȥ˫⼤䣬͸ա
ʱȻ׾ٵؾʹ͸֮ǵĻǴʧʡ

Ҷǳɫһ䣬̶̾ѡ
Ҫ֪֮ǵĻǴֲõģС󷨣¹ʥδؿƿ
ʱȴ׾ٵؾʹ͸˹ȥȻû󣬵ƾܹɴ󣬾ͿԿóʱʱϵĳɾͣﵽһ۷塣
ʱλʥжôǿ
ǼһﲻѾΪʥ˰ɣ
ҶǳջĿ⣬뵽
ԷԶ̲ٿʱ׾ٵش֮ǵĻǴڣʵʵľѡ
ʥ
Ҷǳʱ˺пѾﵽʥˡ
㲻ʥҲʥԶˡ
Ȼɲ⣬ﻹ֪жǿߡ
ҶǳɫЩأͨʱܵǿʵ
Ѫ̣ǿǲĴ
Ѫ̱ɷǸ˻ټҶǳܰ档
Ժ˵ˡ
ҶǳҪѪ̱־裬ԺԼ뿪ʱһҪСĽ
ڣԷɳǿɱϾԷҪӡ
ǳѪ̾Ͳںˣܲȥ
Сӣʥˣ
ڲ󷨵ëܵҶǳĳأʱ
ͬʱСҲͬʱ١
ҶǳȻϢǴʥȻܹܵҶǳ
ҶСӣ
Ҷ磡
С嶼һؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ츳ǷǳģһҶǳʥһʥôսжǿ
٣Աǿ
Ǻǣãߣǳȥдһ£˳֤һҵս
ҶǳһɨС壬ʱЦ˵
СȻæͷҲ֪Ҷǳľս
æŲ󷨵ëֳһͶӰ뿪֮ǡ


1516 һ
֮أҶǳС塢ë̵
Ĵǿߣն񷣬Ҵضڲ
˭
Ҷǳ˫֣գǰСˡ
ëΪڲ󷨣ֻһͶӰȻ޷֡
ҶǳһɧӣëЩˬؽеС塢գһϣʥġ
˵껹һֻؿҶǳ
Ѿģ㲻
Ǿһɣ
ҶǳһЦãǶС˵ͷ˵Ǿһɡ
⻰ǰ̼ˣЦҶСӣҾͲˡ
Ҷ磬Сĵ㡣С˵
һ̣˶ǿϢǵһͨ쳹أᴩ񷣬ǿ
Ǵʥһˣϯ֮أû֮ص
Զ֮Уͷ󺹣ޱȵؿ֮ǵķ
ǿϢڣѹ֮ǿ궼ڲ㴭
ÿֲʥˣһһʥˡо
ϸӦеһϢЩϤǲǰҴʥһսʥеһˡ
ǵСëΪʥ˾ȥһҴʥĥ£һսű֮صǿ֪Ϥ
ǻ֮ص׷ʲô飿Ϊһ٣ٶдʥǰ
ЩʥֵʱһСİǣȥˡ
ʥսನ׾ٵػɱ

˿̣ڻ֮صģһΰľ޳֮УҲһλǿ߹עҶǳ
Ǻڷīߣ࣬絶ĿޱȡǻҴʥ
ΪһѾõĴʥҴʥʵǼǿģҶǳ̤֮صʱѾӦˡ
ϴʥеһֶһʥСӡƺ֮ǵĳǸѪ̵ļһ
Ҵʥ
۾͸գܹرҶǳ˵Ϣ
ϳСҶǳ
Сսʶ
Ҷǳ
ڷ½Ҳû˲ʶҶǳˡ
ǵѪ̣ʥţҶǳֱЩʥ֪
ҪʲôѵҲˣԲܣ
ҴʥؿԶ¶֮ɫ

ʱҶǳѾС˽ˡ
䣡
ҶǳһֱռȭĿǰʥޱǿǿȶʥǿֱһȭ
ۣ
һͱĵɳȥѪ
Ҷǳһ㶣̲סô
û뵽ȻôȻֻܵһЩˣת˲֮ͻָˣҲ̫˰ɡ
Сӣƴ𣿴ôݡһ죬漴ŭ
ҲеҶǳȻʥˣֻСʥȻһȭѪ

ҶǳĿС塣
СһֱӴ߶ʥɱһ߻еʥȴʥս϶Ҷ磬Ͻôʥ
ǰ׳ˡ
ѾȻͱǴö࣬Ҳÿ½ʱ㻹ǰʵս飬㶼
ǴСֱ˴ʥ磬Ҷһģս飬Զء
ȻЩС룬û˵Ǹһӡ
ԼҲˡ
ĵ¹ڽΪСģȻͱɷǸӡ˹ײ棬Ȼֱӽ˴ʥ
Ҳ˵ûкͼСսҲûкʹս˵Щ۷塢Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ˡ
ЩСʥսҲ࣬ҲͺʥСʥսƾŴʥѹԷġ
ҶǳһģСٵЩԪ˧ԼʥһģɨУһ޵·
ս飬֮ͬУгҶǳˡ
ˣһ֣СͱҶǳѹŴ
С廹ã߶ʥ֮ٿǿסֿȭҶǳ
Ǹ׳գҶǳûʹʥҲûжôʥһȭͱҶǳҵѪɡ
پС֮ҲӦˣϴ߶ʥСֺϻҶǳ
ã
Ҷǳ𣬻Ѫһɽ緢һ޾캳ء
ʥ޵С
ռȭҶǳӵ˼£һȭȥͺһ汻ŨΪ˺ڶȻ˲䱬ըһС
СĴʥҶǳӲ˳ȥëĿɿڴ
ô
ë


1517 ս
ëԭΪҶǳͻƳʥҲֻСʥսǿһ㣬Ҳڴʥ
ҶǳȻֿȭɨС񣬼ʹ˴ʥֻǿסҶǳҶǳѹ·
ټϱүҲСӵĶְʥôǿ𣿡
ëЩĽͼˡ
²⣬Ҷǳһʥ
Ҷǳǻ壬ͬʥҲһʥǿࡣ
οҶǳռ֮ռȭһǼͬ޵С
ԭд裬֮ǵĳȻʥˣռ֮𣿾Ȼʥķʽ̤ʥ˾磬츳˲á
֮ģҴʥҶǳչֳҲǴһ
֮ǰҶǳֳķ粨Ҳ˵ˡ
ҶǳԿһλʥŵСʥûбɱҴʥҲû⡣
ϾһСʥѣҶǳ츳ٸߣûз
ҶǳȻһԵʥˣһǿս
٣ڻҴʥҶǳսѾڵĴʥˡ
ʵҲòӡ
СʥڻҴʥǸ
ԭΪצѾǷˣû뵽ӷȫӲʥսʥӲ
Ҵʥһ߹սһߵ
ҶǳϿɵǿߣСʲôһǴʥ
ս飬ʥ磬ʥ𣿾ȻŴʥȥˣΪʥ֮µЩ
ҴʥЩȥˣʥˣС񣬻ǰΧëʥ֮

䣡
һ졣
ҶǳٴκС֣ͣüǡȫս
С±ˡ
ڳ
Ҷ磬仵˰
߳ŭСӣ˰ǲ㣬Ҳǰɡ
һԵëߵСʥˣڱˡ
ҶǳЦģӦ֪ҽؾʥ֣аħ֮еʥҶ
Сӵ˵ʲôͷʵ
ҶǳҼЩʥһˣս鶼ǿ
ңҷֻ֣Ƕʥ˵
ǿ֪ʥĵطʥȫûսһȻ޷ӳս

üͷ漴ЦС˵ģЩ̫⡣
ֵҶǳˡ
ԱߵëһҶСӣǲǿԽľֱ̫࣬ӽʥ磬Ǹ֪֪ս
СҲͷ½֮󣬾һֱչսսķʽ֪˵ʥˡ
ž
ҶǳһԴȻͶˣԭΪԼϤһ£ͿԷӳսڿǸûоС۷塢ʥСʥ֮ս
ԣһսҲֻܷӳһС룬һС붼ûС
ĻʥϵĴʥٲҲʥڣǿһЩ
ҶǳС˵ģʥϵĴʥǿǲ޷ӳսǴʥҲӳ
ô죿Сʵ
ëѵѹΪʥ֣ϤЩսʽ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦ˵ҲʧΪһ취ǴʥҲǿܿӦҾãֱӸһСʥˡ
۾һ˵ץǸʥŵСʥ
ʥ߸СʥɱˣһǷӡˣ˻
ǸСʥǹѺ֮ء
ĥǣСʥҳʥʱܳǿԴѧϰʥʥ˵սʽҶǳ˵
ǺãھͻȥСæ˵
ҲȲҪúĥ£ʥǶǷԺͱĴʥս»ᱻԷЦ
ëͷ漴Ŀһת֮صģҶСӣиϻ쵰ڹעǡ
Ҷǳͷȥ͸ӦҴʥĴˣϾ֮أҲһҴʥʥˣȻû֡
İɣҴʥ˺ܵ͵ֻҪǲҲǵġҶǳ˵
ȻҶǳ˵꣬һصؿŻ֮صġ
ͬʱСҲӦĿŻ֮صġ
ǡаħϢСЩȷ˵
ղǹϢֵ̫ˣ˲ͱҴʥѹˡ
аħϢܶӦҶǳ۾˵
ҴʥȻаħϢҿЩѰ


1518 칬
߿УҶǳ˶ɫһ䣬һĿ⾪ؿ֮صλá
ħϢ
ǶħȻϵóϢ
ңһħҲɫ䡣
ǵĸӦ֮У֮ﴫħϢǳǿ󣬶ѾԽ˴ʥﵽ˹ʥļ
ҶСӣЩԾҴʥȻҲǴʥôйʥħϢѵѹһλʥħ
ëʵ
Ҷǳʵ㵱Сȥ鷳ѵûз𣿡
ûСëȻͫһүͻȻˣսʱûȫ֣ҺС˲ôɵߡ
˻һҶǳҲһ֮ǰ֪ʥʵֻǾëСΪʥˣĴʥҲڻҴʥб
ǸղСһսȴ˵ʵжô⻹Ǽӳ˴ʥս֮ǰëСûдʥ
ǸʱСͼƶûдʥڵʵСʥ۷塣
Ҷǳв²⣬Щ£˵Ҵʥ۷ĴʥСʥ۷壬ȫһôüߣ
ȻʱҴʥûȫ֡
Ϊʲôȫ֣
˼ҴţɵӲŲȫ֣οСëҲûʲǫ̂
˵ʱҴʥԭ޷ȫ֣ٽڱħϢҶǳжʱˡ
ߣǹȥ
Ҷǳ֮صģйâ˸˵
СȻûëҲŷȥˡ

֮ġ
ǹǿħϢʱ򣬻Ҵʥʱɫ䣬ƿôʱ򱩶
δ䣬ҴʥӰѾʧˣٴγֵʱѾһϵļ̨ϡ
̨ǳӴʮôһ޴İۣ˷ȥ
Щۻ۵ģһϥ
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򣡡
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޾Ľ⳯ŻҴʥлۣһƬõĽâҴʥ̨
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𣡡
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Ҵʥߵˣ͵ɣҽʥ硣
ţҴʥû˵꣬ʱüͷһ塣
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ǡ
Ҵʥüͷ壬иоЩ֪鷳ˡ
ӰһҴʥķʧԭأٴγֵʱѾڻ֮ǵϿա
ʱԶУʱֳĵӰ
ҶǳС塢ëˡ
ҴʥĿһɨֱëˣǽǰҶǳԭ֮ǳݹ٣֪£
֮Ȼƫһ磬ǶҶǳĴҲѾá
Ҵʥ֪ǰҶǳռ֮ʥ츳žޡ
²ŸոճʥҲԴ
ëʥû£ֱӸˡ
ëȻҲܵҴʥеȻЩˬҲΣոճʥҶǳ磬˼һҴʥСҲǺġ
ҶǳҴʥǰҶǳǳҴʥʵǰոǹħϢǣ
Ҵʥ˵ֻǱǰץһλʥ˼ħ֮ǰһ⣬Ѿѹˣû뵽Ҷ

ҶǳЦһʥһʥأ
ò£֪Ҵʥ˵Ϲ
СӣҪҪһ٣ȥë
ҶǳɫһڣͻҴʥû𣬸ҪѾѪ̣ҪĴ
ûëĽ飬ҶǳҴʥЦ˵Ȼˣȸˣǰп֮͡
ͣҴʥ˵ĿһֱҶǳ
ҶǳҴʥǳǣҲûж˵ë׼뿪
䣡
Ȼ·һɿֲħϢ
֮Ļһ𣺡ʮ칬ڴˣ
ʮΰ칬ӰȻӻ֮һƬ¥¶ڻ֮Ͽա
Ҷǳ˶ʱסˡ
ˣҴʥȻŭһӣֱӶҶǳ˳֡


1519 
á
ֻҴʥԼ˳֣Ҷǳʱһëע⣬һȭӭȥ
ʱҶǳޱȡ
ʮ칬ʮ칬ȻҲǵһμʮ칬ʮ칬Ӱ¶ʱʥеǱɫСѾ
ʣʮ칬ڻ֮ǵ·
ҴʥȻѾҵʮ칬潨˻֮ǣҪʲôѵҲӵпʮ칬Կ
䣡
룬ҶǳѾһȭӭ˻ҴʥλʥʵǳǿһȭͰ˳ȥ
ҶǳȴЩȣ۾ŶĻҴʥɻʥڣ
˵ҴʥǴʥ۷ǿߣǴӸղŵһǰҴʥֻдʥڵʵѹֵκβëСˡ
ʥȻҲǿ󣬵Ǳ֮ʥ۷ͲԶˡ
ɱ
˿̣СҲ׷׳֣˲ٿŴʥֺҴʥ
ëֻǷѾ㵽һ߹սȥˡ
˴ʥҲǱĶ֡
ҴʥֱͽֿС壬ȴˣѪ硣
һôôǿ
ǴʥǻдʥԷǴʥڣҲôɡ
Сɫڨڨ˵ǻҴʥǿǺܷ
ǿλƬֱӽʥȣʹòʥڵһսӲ
ҴʥĿ¶м֮ɫ
Ҵʥʮ칬ҪʮԿײܿҲʮԿףֺαضǽأҶǳСǲУٶȻȭɱ
ռȭ
Ҷǳȭңֲȭ֮зţһƬĩռ⾳ϯ
Ҵʥɫ࣬Ҷǳ˿СһֵԴĶ֡
䣡
ҴʥһѹסСһֻٿһʥҶǳռȭ
Ȼ֪ʮ칬
ҴʥЩؿűɳȥҶǳеɱˡ
ʮ칬Ĵ֪ܲʮλʥĴа˵ǻ½ıء
ҶǳЦ˵ʮ칬ҪʮԿײܿҴʥѾӵһԿףҲܿҸҿ϶Щ̿϶Կס
䣡䣡䣡
ȻǿϢӻ֮ڳ
Ҷǳ۾һɣ漴֮ɫ
ΪֵˣȻǰĻҴʥһģһɢϢһ

Ҷǳɫһ䣬𾪵ȻǷҶǴʥڵķıأ
ҶǳзҴʥȻĸһǴʥڵʵ
һı𵽵жǿ
Ҷǳ鷳ˡ
ôǿ˵˵Ѿǹʥˡ
Ȼ֪ʮ칬ǽ͸ӲˣҪֻ֣ܹǵù֪˲֪顣
Ҵʥ˵
ͬʱҴʥһҶǳɱһҴʥɱС
ԸСķʥҴʥһͿˡ
ֻҶǳûҴʥҴ⣬һɱ
ҴʥûҪ˰ɣҪɱڣֻҪҵ¼磬ʱ԰ϢݳȥҶǳ˵
ͬʱйâһʥˡ
Ҷǳһҫݺǧ
ֲĽâչ֣һҴʥˡ
ǣʣҴʥȴɺҶǳ
磿
ҴʥЦ¼Կ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬æ¼磬Ǻܿͷûá
޷¼磡
ô£Ҷǳ𾪵ؿǰĻҴʥȻԷ˵صĻ硣
Ҵʥм֮ҾӪô꣬ȻԷ磬ʵϣһЩʥأɱ˻磬ûԸԼطڻ֮С
Щ飬Ҷǳ½ʥȻ֪
ο磬Ǵʥеı£һһĴʥ
֮ǸĻ磬ôҲֻлҴʥ֮жĴʥõ
ҶСӣ޷¼磬ͨҲˣ˵صر׸ˡԶëķ˵
ҶǳɫһɱܲܰϢȥ
ãëֱԱ˷
ҴʥһЦˣƬرҳ׷ԱˣķҲƬ֮У޷ѡ
ҶǳɫҴʥ㵣ǰʮ칬ϢȥûԿףʮ칬Σб´жԿ𣿡
ߣҴʥûлػֻǼӴ˹ȣҪɱҶǳ
Ҷǳȫ߶ʥ߶壬ʩչռԼսӵ˼¡


1520 ž߷
֮ϿգҶǳ˼սҴʥ׷ױҴʥѹסˡ
Сӣһ̫ˣǸĶ֡˵
һԵСҲ֣ܳԶԶĶ֡
Ҷǳ˿ܵҴʥΧѱֻǿ£ĥǣǿǵʵ
˵꣬ǡ
˺ôҲһλʥӵ˴ʥ֮£ӦԱˡ
ߣΣ
ĸҴʥķǴʥڣʥ֣Ҷǳܹġ
ռ
Ҷǳһӣն룬ҵĽâննռ䡣
ѾԼսӵ˼£ƾǿĻ壬ʥԼʥļӳ֡
ҶǳսѾԽ˴ʥڣѾ޽ӽʥˡ
٣ԵסҴʥһ߷
ȻΧȴ߻Ҵʥķѹܴ
ò˵㻹˾ۣһʥӵսϧռ֮
ҴʥҶǳмӡ
Ҷǳոճʥʵֱ漣
ڻ½ʷϣҲûʥţǼʥҲӵҶǳڵսʥڶѡ
Ҷǳ֮ôǿΪлļӳ֣Լʥټռ
Ҵʥְͣɣɱҵġ
Ҷǳһߵֵ߻ҴʥΧһ˵ҿԷģһʮ칬ԿףҾʮ칬ڴ˵Ϣȥ
ˣ˸ͷϾʮ칬Կ׵Ҵʥ֪Է˸ûһ
ϧҴʥҲǰ׳գҶǳ˵֪˲֪飬ֻ·һ
¡
·Ļ֮УٶȳӰǻҴʥķ
ҴʥķΧҶǳҶǳѪ
ôôķҶôǿ
Ҷǳһš
ҴʥѾ߷ˣҶǴʥڵսټı塭
ҶǳޱȣҴʥδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣսʥˡ
һͨһҶǳ룬Щˡ
˷ֱ¡
ҲѹֻҴʥưԻ֮ô꣬ʵǹʥ٣˭⣿
ʥ֮У˵ʵһˡ
ɣ
ҴʥֽҶǳѹסˣɿֲƿռ䣬ɱҶǳ
һ̣֮һƬңâ۶Ŀ
ȻڴʱѹסҶǳȻбɫĻ棬ȵ¶漴˼¡

޾Ļ𣬶ʱҶǳΪģ˷ӳȥ
գ֮䣬նǡ
ǺҶǳǿʱһ
ŭ
ҶǳͺһеʥȵĻסһǧɵĻ潣â
ضǣҵĽâƵǧһ⺮ʮޣؼһƬ֧顣
ߺߺߺߺߣ
Ҵʥƺһɵú˼һɫصؿ򱻻סҶǳ
򣬾ȻսҴʥ֮еһγ֮ɫ
ҶǳĻ˵û뵽ôǿȻʥս
ҪǻЩСʥҶǳ¸һ
Ҵʥ˵ˣɱҵģְɣҶǳ˵
һߣС˿˿Żİ֣ڵסǾ߻Ҵʥķ
ʱСĥԼս飬Լս
Ҷǳûйǣһ֧߳Żһ߽ɨҴʥ߷
Ҷǳ㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣ
Ҵʥһ·Ļ֮ٶȱǿϢ
Ҷǳһʱͫһ̲ס£㾹Ȼз㵽м߷
Ҵʥһ֮ɫ࣬;žߣΪ֮ҲܹžߣµĻۣ㻹ǵһҳž߷ʥˡ
ҴʥЦһ·Ļ֮ٶȳ߻Ҵʥķ
ʱһ˾߻ҴʥķɱҶǳ
СǣҴʥûᣬֻҪҶǳʥһ
Ҷǳҿ㻹ʲôơҴʥһЦؿҶǳ
ʱҶǳȴͷųҵİ׹⡣
һ̣һʵý֯һľ޴磬ʱѹ˾߻Ҵʥķ档
ջñ䣡
Ҷǳȵ
ʲôҴʥҪѻþ
ȻĿֲ


1521 

Ҵʥڰϲû¶ϲɫǸˡ
ΪӰ컹ڣʵٶȱɡ
һϱɣһʵֻʣˡ
һʥڵǿߣֻʣսҲֻǱȴʥǿһ㡣
ԵҶǳڶܻһ߻Ҵʥķˡ
㻹а˾߻ҴʥķҲκβҶǳռϷѡ
ҪɱҶǳҴʥ֪Լˡ
Ҵʥıκβҡ
Ҷǳһɨȥ˵
ʥ˲ôɱģҪɱһʥˣѹԵʵС
ڣҴʥİ˸ֻǿѹסɱ
ŶѵĻҴʥɫѿ
û뵽ԼȻκβһսʥˡ
Ǻη
Ҵʥ֣ͣİ˾߷ΧסҶǳ
㷢İɣ͸¶ʮ칬ڴ˵ϢҴʥ۾Ҷǳв֮ɫ
ҶǳЦɱңҷģδ̫ûҷ˰ɡ
ҶǳԼȨˣҲϵģĪ˴ôãģ
Ѿʥˡ
Žӽʥڵս
ҶǳĿ⳯·Ļ֮ǿȥ漴ĻҴʥĿ˸ˣʮ칬ĵӣԲҪԿףҲܹʮ칬ԣŲϣ͸¶ʮ칬ڡ
ҴʥͫһɱҶǳ㵱Ϊɱ㣿ǼңԱ߷һɱ㡣
˵գ˾߷ٶҶǳΧ
Ҷǳһ޾壬мԱǺǣˣʥǿޱȣԱ˷Ҳδܹɱҡ
˻壬Ҷǳǿģ治»ҴʥԱ
ҴʥߵҲˣһб塣
ıҳ𣿡
ҶǳЦҲ²⣬ı϶ѹλʥħһıλʥħҲʱҿʮ칬Ĵڡ
Ҵʥʵ㵽ô
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵ķҾͷ뿪
ʮ칬ȻҪǻҴʥܽʮ칬
лҴʥڣʮ칬Ҳûʲôô
ǻҴʥķǳ顣
ܹõַǲҲǿķ
ȵսʱ򣬾ž߷ϱ壬ǿޱȡ
Сӣ̫̰ˡҴʥһ䡣
ķԼģʮ칬֮еõģôҪôܽҶǳ
һŷѣҿԷĲˣӰ첢󡣡
Ҷǳһ˵һвͱ͸¶ʮ칬ϢˣЩ̿϶Ȥ˵ѾռЩԿףٲҲв㡣
Ҵʥ۾һУкէ䣬ɭڱɱ㡣
ԣҶǳŻҴʥ˵
ܶʱ֮еն
ҴʥɱضҶǳҶǳηӡ
ΣҴʥһҶǳ˵ʦ⴫ֻܸ֮һ߷ҵĵߡ
ҶǳŻҴʥƺܵҴʥľ֪ٱȻҴʥˣͷã֮һ֮һ
ܹ߷Ҳˡ
ο÷ôģҴʥž߷ǻ£¶ʱڸ
ȥ
ҴʥӳһˮҶǳ̽ʱһϢݶ
ǻҴʥӦ֮һķ
ҶǳĿƬ̣漴һŵؿҴʥ𾪵ȻҪ׼һʥˣ㾹Ȼɱ˾ʥˡ
ÿһ߷Ҫ׼һʥΪҴʥоž߷ɱ˾ʥˡ
ǿֲ
ʥ˿ɲǴ½ɫκһʥˣǶǿĴڡ
ɱĶħҴʥߵ㲻Ҫ£췢ġ
ҶǳŲŻҴʥɱĶħȷ飬¾Ϳʼġ
ɣٿ㡣ȵҶǳ֮󣬻Ҵʥͺһع֮ǡ
ҶСӣ
Ҷ磡
СҶǳϡ
߰ɣٺ٣û뵽ξȻջ񡣡Ҷǳ˰֣ȥ
ǰ˻֮һۣҶǳЦ
ʮ칬ġ
ԣ
ǺǣȻС˷ģǻҴʥһˣǾǰѾԱë
ҶǳнëԱռڴ֮ǵַΧë֪һϢѾı塣
Ȼʮ칬ĴڣëҲ֪ˡ
ëûзĲ͸¶ʮ칬Ĵڡ


1522 תһ
뿪˻֮ǣҶǳǾͻص֮ǡ
ëӳڳҶǳ˻ʱ˿
ҲûжʣҶǳԱ֮Ѿ֪һо

һ
ë̾û뵽ʮ칬ڻ֮棬⡣
ҶǳЦ˵˵֮رǵʮ칬ؾЩħսʮ칬Ҳ
սôδǻҴʥȻкüÿһǴʥڣëʵ
оŸҶǳľһһ
ԱߵһЦΪʥ磬վڻ½۷壬û뵽ҺС֣ҴʥһԸˡ
ëڨڨһЦսʥ磬СҲȥ˻Ҵʥ鷳Ҵʥһʹһ١
Щ£ҿûзֻ֮ܣȻСͻزˡ
֪ɣҴʥǴʥеĶǿߣǲҲǺġ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ãҲʶǵȱݣʱͶĥһ£մʥս
ãϴץʥʥĥ¡˵
ëȱү󷨣Ҳȥĥһ¡
һԵСҲսʮ㡣
ôʥҴʥЦΪܲˬнǱһ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҲûǡԸȥչˡ

һУҶǳʼҴʥķ
ŷֽתһ
Ʒ
Ҷǳϸۿһ飬֪ԼжףĿĿɲΪ˷õģΪͻƾƿ
Сʥʥʥʥȵȣÿ󾳽֮䶼һ޴ľƿ
Щƿסţܶ˾Сʥ۷塢ʥ۷塢ʥ۷塢ʥ۷ȵȣ޷ͻƵһ硣
ǣšתһŸԼһľ磬ôһž߷뱾壬ñͻƾƿ
Ҳ˵ڴʥ۷ʱ˾žߴʥ۷弶ķôһںϾž߷֮ӾƿϽʥ硣
Ҵʥ¾ĿģķѾﵽ˴ʥڣֻҪٽһܿܳΪʥˡ
Ҷǳ뵽λҴʥ
ʥǲվڻ½۷ǿߡ
Сʥʥ̻в١
ǹʥǿߣ̡֮УҲָ
ʥĴڣ½¶ᳬʮˡ
ԣﵽʥ磬վڻ½۷塣
ҲǵԺþһ¡Ҷǳһ̾
ǸҴʥ˺ˣȶԷڳ²Ź
ȻҶǳԼšתһҲܿ飬ֻõ֮һֻҪõ
ڴ֮ǰþʵ˵ȥһҴʥҪ»ᱻԷ
ĦҶǳܿ˽šתһ
ĵһǷҲǷꡣ
ڶѪԼľѪѵ֮꣬塣
Ļκһ߼֪
ľڵԽһʥ˵ıԴ÷ǿ
ͽȡ֮ȡʥ˱Դʥ塣
Ҳ˵Ҫɳ͵һʥˡ
Ҳıؾ֮·
Ϊ֤ѣҪѷʥ˾磬⼸ܡ
ֻɱʥ˱ԴԼķʥ
Ѿħˡ
Ҷǳ˸ûǷħֻҪʵС
ظ֮ˣҵȥɱʥˣΪеʥˣͲ⽫նɱ
ңԺ˵һЩʥ˼ħǾ͸ˡ
ҶǳĹĦתһ֮󣬱㿪ʼˡ
ߣ
ϥڵϣҶǳ̲סƺһɫЩ
־磬ʹֵһᣬǷʹ࣬ȴǱʹǿ򱶡
˿̣Ҷǳͷ󺹣ˮʪ껺ƯͷϿա
һ̣ҶǳʼԼ꣬СġҶǳʱ֮
һ̣Ҷǳɫ˼£ǳʹࡣ
ò׵ȷ֮ҶǳϵѾˮʪɫȵĲ԰ס
ʱһʥ˶ܽɱ
֮ǣëڣټ֮ǵĻǴҲԼİΣ
ǰѳС꣬Ҷǳóһĵرʼָơ
ҪѪء


1523 һǧ
ţ
֮УҶǳָƵʱͻȻԼڵǿ걦ʯȻӱͷų֮
Ƭ֮䣬ƱָľٶһΣﵽ˵۷塣
һ̣Ҷǳ֮͵ر࣬ﵽĺľ硣
û뵽꣬ȻԴ̼걦ʯͷųӴ󡣡
Ҷǳϲɫľϲ
ľﵽ۷壬Ŀջñܾ͸ʤһˡ
۷ľѾʥܹﵽļˣΪֻ񣬲ӵе߲εľ
пվһ¿ջñ䣬Źϻ򣬿Ҵ˵ս
Ҷǳ뵽
ܹƵûҴʥͣսƵöԷתһıǻͿջñ䡣
ûҴʥսСǿѾҴʥˡ
Ҷǳ˼һ㿪ʼѪž޴ĽɫѪҺ𽥴۳߷ںϡ
ܿ죬ҶǳĿע£ǰѪҺʼΧ۳
Ƭ֮䣬߸Ҷǳһģһ壬С
߷
Ҷǳ룬ָǰ߷˵ӽԺǾͽҶһҶҶ
Ҳ֣ЩҪ뱾壬ʱְɡ
ǰ߷Ҷǳһɨ֪ǵΪ
߷Ϊڴ۷弶
һԣʥҲڴ
ҶǳΪʥѪǿķǴ۷壬һʥǿˡ
ǿҲ޷ʥ
ԣʥǶԸΪʥ·ٶ࣬ǵİС
ǰ߷Ҷǳһȥɵǧķʲô
ҲֻеõתһҶǳŻ
óˣ
Ҷǳ뿪ҡ
Ժëڲ󷨣ҶǳЦ˵𣿲Źȥ꣬ƻָô죿
ȻԵԼ޷ҶǳõתһҲ֪ˣʱѻָġ
˳Ѿ߷ˡ
ҶǳЦЦҲûнͣʵСĥôһҪʥŵСʥʵء
õһʱˣҹûм꣬ûصġպãСүһ󷨡ë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ëһ󷨣һëѷɫֻܸ࣬ë֡
ˣë󷨵ٶҲɡ
ʱٴѾڿٿˡ

֮ǵ¡
ʮ״޴ļ̳ϣҴʥģΧľž߷ơ
ʱһǿӼ̳洫Ҵʥľž߷֮С
Լž߷ʵڲϵҴʥϲ¶һĨЦݡ
Ҫ˶ãž߷ܸҵıһﵽʥ۷塣
ʱҳΪʥʱ򡣡
Ҵʥ˫ҰĵĹâ
ʵһҶǳ´ˣʮ칬ĵӣֻǵãɱʮ칬Ĵˣŵõ˽ʮ칬ơ
ҲΨһһʮ칬Կס
ʮ칬ڲΣգЩҲֻΧ̽¡
Ӵʥڣ˴ʥ۷塣
ңõˡתһ
ͬʱһʮ칬ѹĹʥħ
̳һһʥħԼķʵ
ΪæŸʵ֮زԵλҴʥҲԵúܵ͵ڶû֪ʵ
ֻҪҳΪʥҾܽʮ칬ĺģʮ칬ĴС
Ҵʥ˸˷ܵĹâʮ칬ĺģʮλʥĴС
˵ģ͵ʮλʥʥǼֵޡ
ҴʥԼֻҪõʮ칬ĴУδʥ񾳽綼пܡ
ʱҲܹһ̣߿ٳһưԻ½

ʱٴĲѶȺܴ󣬼ëҶǳ֮Ҳ㻨ʱ䣬Ųóɹ
ǰѾĴҶǳ̾󷨿ǺķԴҲóʮ֮ǵĻǴˡ
ԱߵëٺЦȻѺܴ󣬵ЧܺãЩү֮⡣
Ҷǳ˵ͷʱٴѾˣԼһǧʱ䡣
Ҳ˵һǧ꣬Źȥһꡣ
ԭëֻܼٵٱû뵽һǧľϲ


1524 ʥ˷
һǧ
ҶǳϲɫǳʱٴЧԤ֮еǿˡ
ȻʱֿԼһ򱶵ıȻԶԶ硣
ܹһǧѾҶǳˡ
ҶǳڵĻǰٷ֮ʮ塣
ٶȣʮٷ֮һʱٴУֻҪһꡣ
һٷ֮һ
˵ֻҪ꣬ԼĻӰٷ֮ʮ壬ٷ֮ʮ
ʱͿʥˡ
ʥҽʥ磬¾ͻӵдʥ۷ս
ټҵĻͿջñ䡭
Ҷǳգ۾Ŀ˸˷ܡ
ֻҪ״ʥ磬ϻͿջñ䣬¿Ժɨʥ硣
ǻҴʥıϾž߷дʥ۷սһʮ
ǹʥڵǿߣҶǳаնһԱİա
ֻҪЩĹʥһĹʥɱ
ʱѪ̵вʲô
Ҷǳȭ
ʱ󷨶˵̫ҪˣԼܹõĺôЩķѵĲϸֵһᡣ
ֻҪܹʵķٶĲҲûϵ
ʵǿ󣬲ǲ½ıǮ
СӣưֵģүҲҪȥĥһ£ԼʵȻҪСӸ˦Զˡ
ë˵
СһǷʥ
֮ǰûôȣǼʶҶǳʥĿֲսҲЩˡ
ΪҶǳһʥû뵽ܿҪҶǳԽˡ
Ҳ˽ҶǳĻ壬֪ʱٴ֮ҶǳΪ
ٲŬĻҪҶǳ˦Զˡ
ãȥĥ°ɣСѾ˴ʥսֱǶսˡ
Ҷǳ漴͵ʥŵСʥҪ
ţë˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ٶСѹԼʵϵغʥŵСʥս˴ʥս
٣մʥӳʥڵսˡ
֮ǰַʥֻܷӳСʥ۷ս
ʥŵСʥѾҶǳ˹׼Լķ
ĿëԶȥҶǳ߽ǰʱٴ֮У漴ųԼķҶһԼʥСʥ
ҶǳѪ̣·һңɷǾ壬ˣֵܿˡһ㣬ǲ̻䵽ʥһ³
ʥŵСʥɫ
ҶǳֱáתһеʼСʥ
ŶԷʹ֮аҶǳû˿ʴ֮ɫǳˣԷץס³Ҳһ֡
Ҷһգ
ҶǳʥŵСʥ֮ҶһնԷʥ˱Դ
ܿ죬ҶһƮһ۵Ľų
ͬʱҶһΪҲڲϵգ֮Сʥڡ
ã
Ҷǳ״ʱϲɫ
һʥ˼ķˡ
úķλƬܵõһʥսҶǳԵúܸˡ
ҶһоôڵʵΣҶǳʵ
ûк֮ǰҲ޷ܵҶһһУȻҶһǴ֮зѳģǲܱġ
˵ףʵһˣһĶá
ĿǰսԴﵽСʥ۷塣ҶһҶǳش
ҶǳüͷɻСʥ۷壿ҸճʥӵдʥڣǽӽʥڵսôֻСʥ۷壿Ҳ̫Զ˰ɡ
Ҷһ˵ûл壬ͨɡ
ûл壿ҶǳȻ
ѹҶһʵôûл壬Ǿ͸ͨʥһճʥֻӵСʥ۷ս
Ҷǳ˻壬ӵʥڵս
ټʥܽӽʥڡ
Ҷһûл壬ûʥսȻԶԶ籾
ͿջñأҶǳҶһЩŵʵ
ҪĵƣҶһҲûУǶİ̫Сˡ
ҶһԱ۾һ£漴ҡͷûл򣬵пջñ䡣
ҶǳԳƬ̣漴̾ľŴǱұںˣٷѳȥҲһٶռŴ۳𣬲塣
ڿջñռڹĵǿͨãϾǵΨһ
ҶǳЩʧ
ӵСʥ۷սҶһϿջñ䣬Ҳֻǿʥڵǿ߿⡣
ȻһʥôܴʥڵǿӦò⣬ѾǼˡ


1525 ʥ
ҶһʵûдﵽҶǳĿ꣬ҲôʧʥڵսҲߡ
ϥʱٴڣҶǳ°ͳ˼š
ʱٴѾɹôȻҪ壬Ӷʵ
Ҳܷβܡ
ãҶһ壬Ҳûʲôãպÿıȥ¡

̡
ɽһڣɺȻ۾漴¶ϲɫæ߳ɽ
ԶӰ̶
Ӱݼʦ𣬰ݼʦ壡ɿˣæ
ҶǳС塣
ȻҶǳҶǳķҶһ
Ҷһǰİɣص˵ͷЦ˵ţһǧʱ䣬ܴС۷С۷壬츳ȷʵܸߡ
ʦˡǫһǫˣҲҪ˭ǰ
ڱǰȫ԰Ҫôǫ顣
ǰλʦ𣬿ǻ½ţǻ½ʷţԷȣ츳ʲô
Ҷ磬ŬټǲڵԴ٣Խɿ졣
һС˵С۷ѾһʱˣʱڿºͻƵ硣
Ҷһϸ۲˰һ飬漴˵Ϊһζıչؾģƿˣóȥ£һЩսܹͻƿ
æ˵ʦд˴㣬˵ҪȥҪǰ˵£һֱڱչأԵҲû˵
Ҷһ˵ͷʱȷæⲻıʱٴء
ڱ԰ɵҶһҲҪİɵİΣ
Ҫ֪ڿ̺һλƬҪǳȥһĳʥ˷֣²ʲô³
⣬ΪҶǳΨһӣȻԼͽܵİȫ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣Ҷһƣ۳ѽɫСݸɡ
ʦǣ
Ŀ˸еѽɫСзǳ𾪣ΪܹܵС̺֮Ӵ
ԱߵСЦ˵Ǻöʦռ۵ĽӡֲҶδصס
ʲô𺳡
ǷǳλСʦʲôȼһʥ
ôѽɫСĹôǿ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦûӣ԰˵ΪʦѾʥӡ̺ĹȴʥڵʥȫһֻҪ飬ܹɱˣ֮
ǣʦ𣡡һǿеľ
Լʦʥˣ
֪ԼʦߵռⱲӲܳʥ
û뵽ʦȻһʥˡ
ʥճʥʥս
ǿֲ
ҵǵ츳ʦֱө֮棬ֵһᡣ
һһ˿
ҪŬܸʦ
Ժ߳ȥʦǻ½һţ̫ˣǸҶǳ
ΪʦѪ̵Ĺϵ̫ãȥ󣬼ǵݣҪ¶ǲ̵ӵݡ
Ҷһҳڸ˰ڵǿλƬ
ɵ˵ͷҶǳѪ̵ķ粨Ѿ½Ȼ֪
Ѫû취֮Ҷǳ鷳Ҷǳĵ뿪ѪҲնɱġ
ѩΣ
ĿͰԶȥҶһתͷСʵ
ѩЩˣԴ½֮󣬱һֱ
֮ǰҶǳؾȳ;Ѫ̵飬ʥŵ飬һֱûעѩǵ
Сһֱ֮ǣԴ˷ǳЦ˵ǶŬټӻؾı츳һ㣬˶ѾС硣
ҶһЦŵ˵ͷС磬ڻ½Ҳһǿˡ
ǲ½ʱСǿ߶˵߲ʡ
ѩǶ̤С磬ҶǳҲͷˡ
֮ܶڸٷչ·ϡ
С壬Ҷһڲ̵ıȡһʥ񽣣뿪˲̡
ʥʱǻɱĸɢ޴ʥĸɢ޴ʥĴʥ֮ǰڲ̵ı⡣
Ҷһ߷ûʥպÿõõ
ͽ

ҶһոմӲ̻ʦΪΪлһæ˵ʮ߻ģ˵μʥ硣
ʥ磿
ҶһжʱȻλʮ߻ѾλƬ˴ʥ硣
⻹湻ġ
ȻԷûлһЩҲܹ⡣
˵ʮ߻һʥǴʥ磬䶯ң˵ѪҲʥǰ㵽ʱСĵ㡣Ϊѵ
Ҷһ˵ͷЦİɣѪ̻κβҡ


1526 
ʥ磡
־֪ʥ˾ٰᡣ
ʵջ½ĹأʥǷǳش顣
ԣÿµʥ˵ٿһףһ¡
һЩӵܳʥٰʥǱزٵ飬ϾҪӰ
ʮ߻ΪһʵߣȻŹӰĻᡣ
ʣʥ½䶯Ĵ顣
ҶǳʥʵҲԾٰʥ磬ŪûҪͷ
Ѫ̣ʥš
ʱķͷѾˣټŪȥǾͻΪĳЩ˵жˡ
ҶǳԼûгΪʥ֮ǰǵ͵á
Ϊ˹ʥƾǿ󣬾ʥҲɱ
ʱӵиЩ̡ıǮ
ڴڼ䣬Ǽʱٴ棬ݷһʱΪ
Ȼʮ߻ˣôʥ绹Ҫμӵġ
ϴεĺʮ߻ӺĹϵڣԷпܳΪһʣȻܲӣбҪʮ߻ӡ

۶

ʮ߻ӰĹҲʥľٰء
һ죬һǿϢ˺Ʋ㣬ᴩڵ۶ĸ߿кƵֹ
ЩϢӴʥȻʥˡ
⣬ʥ˼١
˾嫺ʥ˵
սʥԪʥ˵
սʥ˵

ǰһλλʥ˵дǿ߸
εʥǳߣӭĶǴŮһɫСѹҲһСµߡ
˶ԴҲֲ֣ϾεͶʥˣҲʥĹء
ʥͱʥ˲ܲμӣʥ֮½ϣɲ˵˵ģʥ˵ȷʥ֮µߣȻЩ˲μʥ硣
¹ΪĴԪ˧ǣ˿̶ֻԶûʸ
Ҷǳܹӵʮ߻ӵԭһռע޷ʥóʥĹǿѡ
ȻҪĻǵڶ㣬ǱǰõʥһսҶǳһСʥܣǿսҲʸʥˡ
˿̵Ļ½˻ҴʥҶǳ⣬֪Ѿʥˡ
ֺ˾ãϴڻؾڵõһλƬѾһʥ
ԶһλԪ˧ĽؿŽĻսֺ˾嫺˵
ǰǶǴԪ˧񣬻սֺ˾嫺ѾΪʥˡ
Ȼʥûʲôְʥȥóߵ
ʥ£ܴսֺ˾嫺ûɵʥˣǱǴ֮߳ʥˣεıǣ˸ĵλ
䣬ߵĵλ֮һˣѣ
ʣҲ޷䣬ֻܻһЩۣ¡
սʥڵĺԪҲΪʥˣ
֮Уһλǿ߿ŽĺԪ䣬ɵһꡣ
һӣƲϢ¶
Զ˿ʱ콣ɵʥӽԡ
ԣǺǣλǸԪ䲢Ϊǿʥӡϧ񣬺ԪѾʥѾԽ
˵ϴλؾ֮£ҲȥˣϧûеõλƬ

ԶĵۣԵĮɨһۣתȥ
λƬô׵õ
ûŻӺʮ߻ӶûеõλƬ
ʮ߻ӵλƬǴҶǳġ
Ԫ䡢ս֡˾嫺ǵʵԶԶλӣôܵõλƬ
ҡҡͷиһ֡
Ҷǳ
Ԫ䡢սЩһ⣬ǸҶǳйأǶλƬ
ֻҪǰ׳գܲµõЩ˻õλƬǸҶǳйصġ
ҪȻҶǳѪ̵ʱ򣬺ԪôðŵѪ̵ķնԮҶǳ
ߣʥΣһעҶǳʱЩ˾ʥˣҲֻΪҶǳġ
һʧ֮С
뿪֮ҶǳķҶһ֮˳ŲԶȥ
˵ûȷҶǳʱ
ռ鹥Ǻɨؾ
߸Ѫ̽Թʥһս
һ¼ѾҶǳ죬Ϊ½ֿȵķ
ԣҶǳʱ򣬶ʱһ䶯
̽ҶǳſڵĴҶǳҲһش
ʱһ˫˫Ŀ֮У


1527 

ҶǳķҶһɫ߽ӭ㿴˼ˡ
Ҷ֣
Ҷ֣

Ԫ䡢ս֡˾嫺˶׷Цݡ
ܹʥҶǳǰ˴æҶǳǣνǶǶɽ
Ҷԣ룡ʮ߻ҲԹӭӡ
Ҷһ֮ЩŹ֡
ǰҶǳһֺİĸо
ͬʱһԼԼΣС
һ㣬սǸо̫ʮ߻ΪһʥȴǸӦĸһЩ
ĵ۶ʮ߻Ҳ˸ðҶǳ
ʮ߻ӿˣҶһЦ漴ԺԪЦŵ˵ͷ
ʮ߻Ӳɫش˵Ҷ֣ǧս𣿡
Ҷһؿʮ߻ӣһɻӲǧսôǧˣ
ǺǣҿܼǴˡʮ߻ҡͷЦЦ漴æҶһȥ
ղֻ̽һ¶ѣ͸ҶǳǧսֻҶǳ֪
ˣǰȻİУȷҶǳ
һѲɷʲô
Ҷǳ΢΢ͷʮ߻һۣǰ׳գʮ߻ӵ̽ˡ
Ҳʲô£˻Ҵʥ⣬˶ܿóǷ
Ͼ߷ҲҶǳѪ۶ɣҶǳûʲô
ŶҪ˵ǹûлͻˡ
Ҳʮ߻Ӹеİԭ
в
ҶһڵսȻֻСʥ۷壬пջñˣʥڵǿҲܶһ
ʮ߻ҲֻǸո̤ʥڶѣսδҶһȻҶһϸܵһ˿вС
Ҷ֣ҸһЩѣ
ʮ߻ӶҶǳǳҶǳȥύһЩʥˡ
Ԫ䡢ս֡˾嫺Ҳڲࡣ
Ҷǳ
˵ʥŵСʥս·磬츳ǿ󣬲ռľš
ϧע޷ʥˡ

ΧһЩʥҲҶǳɫû˿仯ȴЩֻͬ

۶ԶУ콣ɵʥӽԴգԶȥ
Ȼüͷһ壬ɫصͣסӣϬĿǰգǰɣʥңԶҶܸܵˡ
ڵǿʥӣԣʵѾӽʥˡ
һЦǰѿһ϶һλѪɫۣ̤ŶѵĿռѷ˳
ԿǰѪɫۣɵͫһԭѪ̵ǰ֪ǰס£Ϊ£
ҽһ£ҽжģ
ĿŽЦԣ֮ǰͺԪ䲢Ϊڵǿʥӣ񣬺ԪѾʥˣȴٳܳʥоΣ
˵ǰصˣΪ˴Ȥ𣿡
ǺǣҺôҲһλʥõȤˡҡͷЦ
ԪãܹõһλƬҾûλƬɿԳʥ
ţܹоȷпܳʥǣúķѶ೤ʱأ
ĵµʥʱ򣬺ԪѾΪʥˡ
üͷһ壬۾ʵǰòúԪֱ̼˵Ŀİɡ
΢΢һЦ漴ָֻ˫ָ֮һλƬĽͫһ
λƬ
ֱؿŶеλƬ֪ԷǴʥ̲סҪˡ
Žе̰Ц˵Ѫһλǿߣֻ벽ܳʥλƬֻõһ룬ɹΪʥˡԣţʣµһЧҲܹΪʥˡ
Բ÷һ۷ǿߣԪ˧ģǴԪ˧ģֻҪһλƬܳʥˡ
ֳԽ˴Ԫ˧ȴֲʥǿߣֻҪλƬҲһԳʥ
ΪǾʥֻһλƬܸ
֪λƬôõģʵλƬεȼֵǰҲ׸ңǰҪ֪Ǻ£
ֱӣԷҵҪʲô顣
ȻЩ鷳ֻҪĵ߷Χڣһ鷳
ϾԪ䡣
ˬ죡
ԣʱЦܼ򵥣ھͻص۶ʥʥ϶۶ڹעʮ߻Ӿٰʥʱʥ϶μʥ硣
˵һ䣬Ҷǳ˿̾ǽҪҽѵһ١
üʮ߻ӿ²Ұ
ЦҶǳܹʥŵСʥ˵һЩ̼һҶǳϾᣬټǸոճʥСʥкܴʻӦսġ
ãҴӦˣһ漴˵ͷ
һҶǳܻʥĻᣬȻ
ҶǳռҲʥһССĲ̣ѵ콣ɿ⣿


1528 ʵ

ʥƱյò֡
һȺСòŮڰ裬Ʈ֮䣬һ߾߶˵Ľ֣裬
ʱյ뺯ʥѾˣʮ߻ӵĽ£Ҷǳʶ˲ʥˡ
Щʥ˴ʮ߻ӽõʥˣеڵʥأеڻ½ɢʥˣеʥˡ
Ҷǳʥ˵Ȧӡ
Ҷ֣˵ɷɱһλѪ̵ĴʥѪѾɳλʥڵѰɷǡ
ʮ߻תͷԱߵҶһ΢΢𣬹ճһĨЦݡ
ɷǺҶǳ֮䣬вѰĹϵһܶ˶ܲµõ
ϾʥţɷǸƵƵѪ̵鷳Ѫ޾Ҷǳ
Ҫ˵֮ûйϵ˭ţ
Ŷ𣿿ɷд鷳ˣû뵽Ѫ̵ʵôǿһֱλʥ˾η
ʮ߻ӵ̽ҶһһЦ漴Щʵʮ߻ӣЩ棬֪Щ̺жλʥͶλʥ
½ʥˣûʥȦӣԶĴ̵ʵ֪ޡ
ʮ߻Ҳ֪һ㣬Цɲ˵ϾĴ̶ʵֻܴŵ֪һЩ
ʮ߻ָһҶһæ˵
ʮ߻Ӱ˰ֵֻһЩûõϢѣȻҪ֪Ҿ͸㡣
ͣƬ̣ʮ߻Ӽ˵˵ʥɣϣʣĴ̵ĽʥǰҲ²ٻһλʥء
ҶһԵ˵ͷĴÿҴλʥҲᳬλ
ʥǷǳٵģһҶһҲܲµõ
ʮ칬ʮλʥҶһɵð𺳲ѣһӵʮλʥûҲǳֲˣҲѹĴ̻취ʮ칬
ڹʥʮ߻ЦЦ˵Դʮ칬ͻؾħͬھ֮󣬻½ѾٷʥˣЩĹʥǳ࣬ÿҴʮλң಻ᳬʮλ
Ҷһзǳ𺳣Ĵ̵ʵ
²󷨣ŴÿҲλʥʮλʥҵǿߡ
˿µʵҲѹֿͳλ½Щʥظ޷Ǳȼ磬ֻǡ
Ҫ֪ʥ֮УǿһҲսʥڡ콣һࡣ
սʥں콣ǿʥأڲҲֻλʥ
ʥ
Ҷһû˵ĸʥصʥƺȼĴڣĴ֮⣬ѵ
ڻ½ʷϣҲֻʮ칬ʥ
ȻǷʥʥҶǳͲ̫ˡ
²⣬صʥ
Ͼʮ칬³ʥضǷǳģҲĴǣʥصʥҲ
ҶһҲ̫ࡣ
ϾĴ̶ֻλҵʥЩʥؾʥܳһͲˡ
Ҷһ²½ʥԲᳬʮλʮλ
ʹˣҶǳҲоѹܴ
ǲҪӵԱҲҪһλʥ
ʥ֮Уëǲˣ⼸һǿλƬɴʥģԺܹΪʥͲˣ֪²ܳΪʥ
ǱͽܰɣǻǿתкܴܹΪʥ
ȻܹٳΪʥģÿı
ûʲôƿʱ󷨰ΪʥʱӦÿԿ㡣
ң츳ǿټϻͿջñ䣬ֻҪ̤ʥ磬ʥսˡ
ʱ䣬Ҫʱ䰡Ȼʱٴҽʡ˲ʱ䣬Ҫʥ磬»Ҫܶʱ䡣
Ҷһ뵽
ԽԽѣʮʱٷ֮һȱʥ֮󣬿Ҫʱ͸ˡ
ڹʥǺķѵʱ϶ࡣ
лһʱˣܹʱһ򱶣󷨵һǧǿˡ
ҶһʱǳⶫȻûʲôͷǶı˵ȴһѸٰĻǿ
Ͼһǧһʮ԰Ҷǳʡʮʱ䣬С
ʮߵܣٰʥôҲΪְѵǿΪ֣Ϊûгʥ
ڴʱһϤĴЦſڴ
ҶһһϤӰ
ľŻӡ


1529 
Żӣ
ǾŻˡ
û뵽Żӻμʮ߻ӵʥ硣

ŻӵȺһЩۡ
˶֪ŻӺʮ߻ӵľϵʮ߻һɴʥѾŻˤں棬û뵽ŻӾȻμʥ磬Ҳ¶
Ҷһ۾ŽľŻӣԷȻϢǿһ۾ͿóԷѾʥˡ
ҸһСʥ۷塣
ҲŻӻ۲ֱܹӽСʥ۷壬Ѿķ˲ٱˡ
ҪֱӳɴʥǵһλƬС
ߣ
ƺӦҶһĿ⣬ŻҲҶһĿ䣬Ϭ˸
ȻҶǳһλƬ׸ʮ߻ӣԾŻӵĴܴѾŻΪˡ
ԴˣҶһû˿⣬ѹŻӣ˵ıˡ
ҶһֻҪıԽˣͲ׷ı
ܹɵǿߣҲֻйʥ֮ˡ
һȵʥ磬ôڴʥ֮о޵еģԽʥ
ŻӵǵвȻֵһᡣ
ԭǾŻˣʧԶӭˡ
ʮ߻Цӭȥ
Ż֣ǰڱչسʥ˾磬ʮ߱ûдˣŻ֡

ŻЦŰ֡
ֵܺݺݵرһ
һЦҡҡͷֵα˴ΪУЦرһ𣬸úֵܸܺƵġ
ŻӺʮ߻Ӳ˵ĿԹ˵Ūֵܸ飬һеؽ̸֮Яֶ
ʮ߻ӻóλֱŻƴ֮ǿ¡
˾ôֵܱݣҲûдš
ŻҶһתͷԱߵҶһƺЩȵףҶҲѵҶҲʥˣ
Ҷһ˵Ҷĳյʮ߻ӵȻףء
ŻӴ˵ֻʥ˲ܲμʥҲǸոճʥãŸˡ
˵ĺܴҪҶǳѿ
Ҷһû
һԵʮ߻ЦŽ͵Ż֣ʥ˲μʥҲֻһĵĹҶ⣬ȻûгʥܹʥŵСʥ⣬㹻ʸμʥˡ
ǶǴţ˭֪ǲģҪҶ֣д£ŻƲͷҶһһơ
ʮ߻ڽʥԶԸģһеױҶǳҶǳҪйһԹ
Ҷǳʮ߻ӹϵУҶǳҶǳҲʮ߻ʧӡ
д裿˰ɣҶһһƵľŻӣҡҡͷ
ŻЦѵҶˣģֻд裬Ҳֵġ
ҶһЦŻ⣬ǵ۶ɵ˲ŻŻд衣
Ϊһ֣ɱ˾ŻӣشŻӣַֺõ飬Ҷһ
ǿ˾ŻӣҶǳһʥ˷Ҷһͬһս
Ż֣ҵʥ磬ҸӣҪﶯ֣Ժʱ䣬ǿд衣ʮ߻Ц˵ֻЩ䡣
ڵһ㶼Żӡ
ܵʮ߻ǿϣŻкܷŭǳ˿ҲòţǿЦʮߵܵҵȻҪȻҶֲԸд裬Ǿ͸˵ɡ
ʮ߻Ӽ״ջر˵Ŀ⡣
ڴʱһǿϢ洫
ʥӦˣԼͬس濴ȥ
ְʮ߻ӵʥ磬ĳʮ߻ˡһѪɫĹâ漴ͣ⡣
Ѫɫۣ絶Ƴ졣
ڳʥʮ߻⣬˶ѹһ
Ǵʥ
Ѫ̵Ĵʥ

Ⱥһ󾪺
ʮ߻ɫһ䣬漴վЦԭѪ̵ĴʥܹˣµҲԣҹ
˵ţʮ߻ӭȥ
;Уʮ߻ҲԼǿƣһ㶼ȶѪ̵Ĵʥѷɫ
վĵ̣ʮ߻ȻѪ̵ĴʥѹԼһ
Ŀӭʮ߻ӣ΢΢һ漴Цʮ߻ӵ츳һʥǴʥĳ
ģԭϴѪ̵ӣŴʮ߻ӶһЦ˵
Ȼղǿߴ֪ĵݡ
䣡
ͻȻһǿӵ۶Ĵ
һ̣һ貵Ľâ˺Ѳգᴩز񷣬һɾ˵Ľ⡣
գҽ̤ʥλ
۶֮Уһɳ죬վڸ߿УһХ
һ춼ˡ
ʥˣ
˽ʥˡ
Ⱥдһһ˫˫ȵĿ⣬ԶĽԿȥ


1530 
Ȼ˽ʥˣ˭
콣ɵʥӽԣ˶֪֮ǰǺսʥڵĺԪ䲢Ϊǿʥӡ
ԪؾڳʥΪԱԽˣû뵽ô׷ˡ
ǿʥӣڶʥˡ

۶֮Уһǿ߿Գʥ׷𾪲ѡ
ڣһʥҲȲѡ
ԣû뵽ҲʥˣûеõλƬѵԼʥģ
ҶһԪ𾪵ؿԶ߿ǵϤӰЩš
ͽ϶ˣԽԵʵҲԷӦôʥŶԡ
ʶҶһԪĻɵתͷ
Ԫ˵ͷǽԣ콣ɵʥӡ
һԵĻսЦ˵Ҷ֣»֪λԺͺ֮ǰǲΪǿλʥӣһʥ֮ʥӡ
ԪЦ̧٣ʵǿһ㡣
ȳʥսЦ˵
Աߵ˾嫺ɻ֣ԲӦôʥŶԡ
Ԫ˵ͷҲЩɻ
ҶһĿ⴩͸գԶ߿еĽԣǿܹ˿Ķ
ϸܵλƬϢǺǿңӦǵõ˰λƬҶһ漴˵
飿Ԫһ졣
ս°ͳʵǵõλƬҲ㹻ʥˡֻǣ˭İλƬ
ע֪
ݣ
һӴĽӲԶ
Եת˲վⱧȭףʮ߻ӳɴʥ֪ĳʸμӴ˷ʥ磿
ʮ߻Ц˵û뵽ֽճʥǿϲɺء
ͬϲЦЦ漴̤ڡ
󣬽һ۾ͿȺеĺԪ䣬˵ͷ
ԪҲЦŵ˵ͷ
󣬽ԿҶһüͷһ壬תͷʮ߻˵ʮ߻ӣ˵ʥֻʥ˲ʸμΪδ˲ʥˣҲܲμӣ
ҶһɫŹֵشǰĽԣô춼ŻҲˣԸһʶôҲ
Ԫ䡢ս֡˾嫺Ҳ¶ɻ֮ɫҲû˵ԺҶǳг𰡣
ʮ߻ӿԣ˵ʥ˲μʥֻһĵĹأҶʥ˵ʵȻʸμӡ
ЦԭǶ֮ǳҶǳ˵ǰҶǳʥŵСʥһսܣˣôȷʸμʥ硣
ϣΪҪֵʱͻȻһתٶ˵ǶǴţҶǷĿԿʥˣд֤
һԵľŻ۾һҲǻ˵öԣδص棬һû˵ܹ翹Сʥġ
ʮ߻üһۣ˵Ż֣֣ҵʥ磬̸Щ
Цʮ߻ӣԳԺȺʲôӣʥĺӣҺҶдһˣ㿴Σ
Ż۾ЦãҶûӣʵղҲҶдһ£ϧܾˡ
ʮ߻ǿˣҲҶǳģҵʥ磬öǹģҪҶд裬Ǹɡ
ʮ߻ӣҶֶû˵ͬ⣬ֺαؼֹҿڳλҶֵʵܺ棬дһɡѪ̵ĴʥЦ˵
ҶһĿ˸ŻӡԡˣɫЩȻ
λ춼ǳԼġ
ҶֱϾûгʥʥЩ࣬Ҫд裬дһɡ
ҶһԱߣԪվ俴ԡ
һԻսֺ˾嫺Ҳվ˵ҪдĻǶԷ㣬۸˲ʥʲô˼
һû뵽˾ȻôͦҶǳϧһս
ͻȻЩˣǺԪ䣬ǻս֣˾嫺һǿ콣ҲҪɵһ
ϧѾ˶ĵĺôô
գԿҶһҶּȻҸʥŵСʥһսΪβһսҪ֪ҲŸոճʥʥûüҵʵСʥ֮ӦġֻҪңҶμʥ磬Ҳ˳ˡ
ԣԪŭȵ
ʮ߻Ҳüԣҵʥ磬𣿡
ңæҡͷ漴Ц˵ֻЩҶֵʵҶܺ棬ʮ߻Ӻβ֮أ
ʮ߻ӻ˵ʲôȴҶһվ
ؿǰĽԣҶһ˵ȻҪд裬Ǿдһɡ
˵꣬Ҷһܣ˵ҪҶĳд裬ҶĳҲ㵽ס
˵Ҷһȭ飬ۣд֮ʲôʧҶĳɲḺ𡣡


1531 һȭ
ҶһĻܶһ
һ˫˫ȺɻĿ⣬Ҷһ˭Ҳû뵽ҶһȻĸӦս
ŻӶЩɣû뵽ҶǳӦսѵһаտʥˣ
ȻҶֶô˵ô
ʮ߻۾˵ҿҪҶдĻɱºҶ鷳ΪС
ʵҲ뿴ҶǳʵΡ
ʮ߻˵Ĳֻƽд裬۶Թʵұ˶ҶֺԵͷ˵
ҲҶǳ𣬸οΪԼܡ
ʥ˺Ĳ࣬ͰʥĲ࣬Ƿǳġ
ڻؾڣʮʥ֣ǿһħʥ˿⡣
ͲҶǳһʥܹʥһս
ȥһս
Ҷһûж࿴һۣ̤ն𣬵ٵ۶߿ա
ҲŸ߿Ϸȥ
ʥ˼սನܹݻһУȻڵ۶ڽս
ʹǿػ۶ط¾Ҫݻˡ
ݣ
һʥ˷߿գֱĵ۶ͣסˡ
ԶһȺսǶ˵غԶҽս
УԱ˫֣ԵƵһŵؿǰҶһЦ˵ҶȳְɣұϾʥˡ
Χʥдǣȫעعսš
Ԫ䡢ս֡˾嫺ЩǣǻһۣԴ׼ҶǳΣյʱ
ŻһֻؿųеҶһȴϷ
Ѫ̵ĶһЦлᣬ²ϧʮ߻ӣҲҪûҶǳ
ֻҪɱҶǳѵΪһˣѪ̽
ൽʱͷһ£Ѫ⳥һЩʧЩ㲻ʲô
ֻҪܹɱҶǳα
ȷȳ֣
ҶһЦؿŶĽԣֱҡͷһԼȳ֣лٳ
ԵúзȣЦҶֱϾûгʥҶһսЩʣȳ֣Ҷȳְɡ
һԣԪ˷˷ۣȻ֪ʣսҶǳ
䣡
ֹ֮ʣҶǳѾˡ
ûʵҶһֱӱǿֲϢʱϯ񷣬֮зƱɫ
Ľͫһŵصɴ۾
ռȭ
Ҷһһһȭֲռ⾳Яž֮ݺݵغԡ
һ죡ʱɵҲ֪Ҷǳʥˣȫһ
ϧе̫ˣһûзӳ
ȻķӳȫҲסҶһһȭ
ǲ
շ飬𵴡
ҶǳȭâԶĺһ貣ǿա
һȭأ
ڲҺ֮У˲ͱǿֲȭâˣΧճ飬ȥγһڶ
еһУɵһɶ
ֱڶʧһâǱӴܳȻѸ˺գԶݡ
ǽԣ
Եˣ궼ش
ûûüʥͱݻˣصƣûаǱˡ

ս𾪲ѡ
ʮ߻ӡԪ䡢Żӵ˶һ𾪵ؿҶһ
һȭشЩɱһλʥˡ
ʵҲ̫˰ɡ
½ʥˣҲôɵرشɡ
οҶһʱ˶ʥˡ
ʥҶ־Ȼʥˡ
ʮ߻ӿҶһд𾪣ȴ¶ЦݣҶ治һǿţռҲܹʥ
ʮ߻ӹˣҶһһЦ
Ҷ֣ϲʥ
Ҷ֣Ǻÿడ

Ԫ䡢ս֮󣬱㶼Цˣ׷ףҶһ
ԶŻɫѿޱȡ
ҶǳȻʥˣ
츳ôôǿ
Żޱȼʣвġ
֮ӣ츳ȴԶԶһ֪ĸСطɢޣˬ
Żӣ㻹ҪҶĳд𣿡
ȻҶһ
Żɫһ˲ѿ
ҶһȻûгʱŻȴܵΧ˵Ŀ⣬һؿ
ָоþŻӷǳܣ޲ߡ
ˣҶʥսֱ׷ʥҡҶ֡ΣŻӽҧ˵ɫޱȡ
Աߵʮ߻ӶʱЦˣһ⻹һοŻԱ
û뵽Ҷ־Ȼʥ½ΨһһʥʥˣĳҲЩ֪Ҷֿɷͽһ
һ
ԶѪ̵Ĵʥģ۾ҶǳĿ֮д˵ѹ
ĺ⣬ҶǳȻʥˣһ͸ҪɱҶǳ
ϾҶǳǱЩ̫ˡ


1532 Ҫսս
ĵĻһ䣬ʮ߻ӱüͷ֣ǴʥսһСʥδЩʰɡ
ʥսСʥҲ̫Ҫ˰ɡ
ǰβȥս϶ܹʤ
ԭѪҲֻǿеҶͬһս
ԪҲߣ׷׷̵
ΧҲ¶֮ɫŶĿ
ʥսСʥȷЩǿ˿
зŭȴɴЦݣҶһ˵ҲǿӦö֪ʥսֱ׷ʥܵͨСʥԴȻҶָӦսҿԱ֤ôʥֿȭӭС
ЦȲôʥ˹ؼʱ̣ܹɱҶǳ϶϶ôʥ
ֿͷֲ֤ǷģŲء
ֻҪɱҶǳӮҡ
Ҷ֣Ӧһ̫޳ˣҪôʥѹһԪ䴫Ҷһ˵
սֺ˾嫺ҲҶһҪӦսҪûɱ㡣
Ҷһ֪˵ĺ⣬Ҫģҵʵ򲻹ҲԱˡˣҪɱһλʥǿߣɲôס
Ԫһ㶡
ҲŶʥǿߣȷɱ
ΪǿˣҲǿˣѱɱ
οҶǳʵҲֻȴʥѷһ
ֻҪԪ䲻ôʥδܹκεҶǳ
ôҶֿǵΣɸӦսһЦݵؿҶǳ˵֮ɫ
Ҷǳţˣ϶ԸǰԻһս
ǵģȻҶǳѾܴˣڶˡ
ڶĳʥʱҶǳûгء
Ҷ֣Ǽ
Ҷ֣ơ

ԪڴȰ˵Ҷǳ
ʮ߻Ҳ˵Ҷ֣ҵʥ磬ǲԸӦսԾܾģĵ۶û˸
ԶĶҲûжԣϾѪѷɫȷ
ˣŻҶǳֻԼս֮УɱҶǳϾۣȭ飬ʱҲûָ
֮ǲԵɣֱҶǳ֣ǾǲӣѰ·ѡ
뵽ĿҶһƵҶʥսֱ׷ʥѵӦսʵ򲻹ңҲԱںʲô
öĵĻҶһüͷһ¶֮ɫЦüˣҪսսôϻۣȭ飬˿ɱֵֹͷȥ
һ漴ɭЦҶֹȻˬ죬Ҷԣ飬ȭ飬һսд裬ˣºҲֲñˣһʮ߻Ӻڳλ֤
˵꣬ʮ߻ֹĻᣬһȭҳҶһ
Ҷһͬһȭӭռȭɢĩռ⾳µⷽضڶ
䣡
ȭײֲϯ˷һƬƬնڷ顣
ǿϢӽսϯȥܵǿ߷׷ս
Զʮ߻ӡԪ˼״Ѿֹֻؿǰһʥ۷Ծ
Ǵʥս
ǴʥǿߣҶһʥټռеĴʥսҲֱ׷ʥ
˿̵ҶһûչִʥֻռȭͶļսȭ潻ײշ飬ǳ׹䡣
ԶȥضҶһͶĵӰǵٶȺܿ죬ÿһӶײΣǵĲӰ
ʥҶֽƾսܹⶡĵ֮սĿºκεҶ֡
ʮ߻տտǰս˵
Ԫ䡢ս¶ϲɫǺҶǳ֦ͬ񿴵ҶǳʵǿȻܸˡ
Ҷֵ츳ǰδУռ֮Ҳܹʥ˾嫺һ
ԪͻսҲ˵ͷԴ˷ǳͬ
ԶŻҶǳʵԽǿԽˬ˭ѾҶǳ˺ء
ңҶǳվʮ߻Ǳߣעǳˡ
ıϾǴʥӦûеƣһսɱŻӿǰսа뵽
Զĵ˼ĺԷĿĿ϶ΪɱҶǳ⡣
ƺӡ֤˾ŻӵĲ²⣬ǰս֮еĶģ͵رһǰδеǿϢ
Ϣ֮ǿԽڳˣʮ߻ҲԶԶ硣
ңϢڼǿ
Ҷǳ
Ĵ裬˫⼤䣬ɱڡ
ϣаɫĻȼգʹϢǿˡ
һغ¯ڲϵͷǿϢ
ãȼ֮
Զʮ߻ͫһɫ䡣


1533 
ȼ֮󣬶ĵʵԾ˴ʥڣʱó˴ʥȫʥҶǳɱ
ɣ
޳ܣ
Ԫ䡢ս֡˾嫺ɫһ䣬
˵õĲôʥŶþͷڣ
ֱҪ
һԵʮ߻ûг֣ΪʱҲˡ
ԱߵľŻһֻ֪ҪɱҶǳȻϡ
һս˶˫ųнսġ
ĵĴʥǰδеĿֲܣһƬ纣֮ͽҶǳΧˡ
Ҷǳˡ
ĴʱһţдЦͬʸһϬ
аɫȼգ֮һعʥ֮Уʹñܸӿֲ
͡
˵صճˣһƬƬռ飬Ƭ˷
ĿռϯⷽɣҵĿռ䣬񱩵أﶯ
ӽʥ𣿡
ҶһڻҵĿռģ˫ŲԶĶģƾռԼ棬ȴΡȻ
֮޾ЩµĿռΪҶһʥǿޱȡ
ϿնǼʥɢĿֲܣҶһҲ΢΢Էȼ֮Ѿвˡ
˵ףҲֻҶǳķҶǳıһȭܺɶġ
Ҷһ߷ȴֻСʥ۷ս
ֻСʥ۷սҶһ嶡ġ
ৣ
ֻҶһͫȻſһƾճ֣Ѹٳ˷ųȥ
գ֮䣬Ƭر棬Ҳ档
һ˲䣬ɫʱ䣬о˷ޱ޼ʵѹԼܵص
ǡþ
һš
ǿĻþǵһμ
ʵϣʥ˾磬ľﵽ˵ΣѾлþвǡ
٣û˵ʲôþвʥˡ
ڣʶˡ
Ҷһʵһģһ¶֪ǻþҲ̲ס
ͺεʱ֪Σȴ
ҹǻþǼٵģģ
дǿиԼǼٵûã·һǿϵسȥ
ԶҶһ¶Цݡ
ʥ֮ľδﵽ˵۷壬ջñ䡷ȻҲܴ۳ԽԽʵ
Ҷһ²⣬ľﵽ߲εʱ򣬿ͳױһʵˡ
ȻڲоʱҶһȫ߶Լ֮緢ӵ˼¡
ԶĿռ֮УĲϵشţҪӰ졣
ѰĹʵ̫ˣֻҪҶһһϹˡ
ڶĶӦٿصĴʥҲͣƬ̣ȼյ֮Ȳסˣϳѷ죬Ҫ

ҲܵԼ״̬⣬ɫʱ䡣
Ҫ֪ȼ֮ɲôɣ˵ȼվܹȼա
ȼ֮ǳΣգһƵĲСģ¾ͻŪԼ
Ҫǿƿ
ƿôģ
Ȼư
ڣĵǣסˣûٷȥƿ֮嶼Ҫˡ
Σֻһȼ֮
һǿȫԿ磬ûȼ֮ʵҲ½˴ʥڡ
䣡
ҶһʱڼԼĴʥһ񽣣ףһɣâƵնѵء
ûȼ֮ټûĲٿأĵĴʥҶһһɳȥ
ҶһЦһһɨ۵ĽâǿգҵĽâЩ롣
ۣ
ļʱѳ磬ǿٿԼ㣬ؿɱҶһһѪܵ˿ڣѪ
ĵͷһԼؿڵĽۣ漴̧ͷؿԶҶһһҶǳ治ǻ½һţ֮ǰСˣû뵽ڻõҲôߵĳɾ͡
̫ˣҶǳ츳δҲ̫ǿ˰ɣռȻľΣʥھȻڻõôߵĳɾ͡
ռľõ
ֵ·ҶǳȻÿһߵ˼ߵĵزֱ˼顣
Ҫ֪·κһߵҶǳ̶ȣ㶥ˡ
ɴ˿ɼҶǳ츳жǿ
ɱڣ֪СҶǳˣڵʵλɷǣǴԺؽԽɷǣѪĵˡ


1534 æ
Ҷǳ츳öɱԽԽǿңϧôŬ޷նɱҶǳҶһ
˿̵Ķģ֪ԵֻҶǳһ߷Ȼ
䣡
ֻǰҵ֮УĻӶԼĴʥһعҶһǿս
ǣĴ񶼱ǣסˣʥڵս޷ӳκβҶһ
ҶһżһȻ˵ģŭȴҲ޿κΡ
Χս˶𺳲ѡ
ĵʵôһӼôࣿ˲ûиܵĴڡ
Щʥȴܵˡ
ʮ߻ĿϬɫصû뵽ĻþȻԽԽˣ
ԱߵľŻҲ鲻Խص˵ͷʮ߻ڻؾڣͳԹҶǳ磬֪Ŀ¡
ֻǱΪԼʥ֮󣬾Ҳܵƣû뵽ҶǳƺҲʥ֮ǿˡ
ھȻʥܵӰ죬ܵӰ컹ǳ󣬼ֱǵ֮⡣
ҶӮˣûжûءԪЦ˵
һ漴жһɶҶǳļɵ
ǰҶǳûжûء
ټϻô˵ʵᱻ٣
˿̣Ϊﵽʥʮ߻ӣҶǳеޱȼɵ
ҺãҶǳվߵģʱЩҡ
Ѫ̵Ĵʥֻ㱾𣿡
ԶҶһٴһɶģЦ
İҶһǿռϷ硣
ȻҪܶҲѣԷϾǴʥ±˴󲿷ʵҲڲ֮䡣
һսѾѪ̶ˣҶһǺġ
ĶģѾҧгݣɫˮ߳ŭҶǳ㲻Ҫ̫ˣѪ̴ʥϰٸֻһʵѪֱ̱۵һ
ҶһЦѪǿ󣬿ϧһʥսСʥ򲻹ҿһҲ׻ˣɱˡ
㡭Ѫ˵Ҷһ
սʮ߻Ӽ״ɵÿ˵ҿλǰְɣٴȥҲԷֳʤ
óҶǳͶ󣬼ϼҲֲʤֻ˷ʱˡ
ߣ
һ漴תͷʮ߻˵ʮ߻ӣĳ飬ȸˡ
Ҳ֪Լˣûټڴ˵ˣ̽ҶǳʵбҪȥ棬ٷҶǳɳˡ
㣡ʮ߻ҲûҶǳѣѪ̿ɲǡ
ĿͶԶȥʮ߻ЦؿҶһһҶֵʵǳҵ֮⣬ҽǴ۽ˡ
ʮ߻ӹˡҶһЦ
ʮ߻ӰֵҶԺҰͿˣ̫⡣
½ǿΪҶǳڵʵ·磬ѾʸƽȽύˡ
ҶһҲûп˵ͷ

սʥ·
ֻ˼ˡ
Ҷһ˶ӵ½ʥ˽ԣԼΪ뿪ĶģбǾŻӣҲûٴȥûкһˡ
ˣҲг˺ܶࡣ
ʥ˶ҶһкҪҶһ
ϾҶһչֳʵѾõǵϿɡ
ңҶһǱԱǴˡ
ҶһҲֵýύʥЩɶԺҲǲ̵ķչ
ⳡʥһʱŽ
ʥȥҶһҲʮ߻Ӹˡ
֡Ҷһʮ߻ӡ
ʮ߻ӿҶһͻȻҶԵƬ̣˵
Ҷһüͷ΢΢һ壬ǵ˵ͷ
Ƭ̣ʥһһȥҲֻʣʮ߻ӺҶһˡ
Ҷһʮ߻ӣ¶ɻ֮ɫѯʵʲô𣿡
ʮ߻΢΢Ц鷳ģȻʥ黹ҪæȻҲкô
ҶһЩ棬ûдʮ߻ӵĻ
ֻʮ߻Ӽ˵ǻ½ԭǱħռݵģűǰһģкܶħڻ½
Ҷһ˵ͷҲԴ̤½󣬾͸ħٽնɱ˲ħ
ħѾ·磬ֻܹڻ½ĳЩطأҲҳˡ
Ҷһ֪ʮ߻ΪҪ¡
ƺµҶһ룬ʮ߻Ц˵һأλҪΪҪɱһʥħСҾҪҶְæһɱһʥħ
ʮ߻ӼȻҲװҶְæʱɱħʥõıһжҶ㡣⣬ǧս


1535 ̸
ɱʥħ
Ҷһһ𾪵ΪҪôߣϸ񰡡
ʮ߻̾Ϊ֪ҺϾŶѹΪûͻƳʥΪ˵ΪСʥûʲôô޷ΨһΪʥǲл񡣡
Ҷһ˵ͷ漴ɻȻ˰æѶӦòŶԣȫʥæٲҲ뼸λʥæ
ʮ߻ӿЦҶ֣ûôףȲ˵ûʸ붯ʥοҲй涨ʥϵǿߡңֻһˡ
ҶһԻȻһѶȵȷˡ
ֻСʥʥˣټʮ߻ʥҲɱһʥħ
Ҫ֪ǴʥڵħҲҪʥΪסȻܺķʱ佫ĥ
οħҲǹ¼ҹˣʥħһλСʥħ
ôʮ߻Ӷ
Ҷһɵһɻؿʮ߻ӣʵѶȣȫǺѳΪ
ʮ߻ҡͷʵǵҴﵽʥ۷ʱȥɵģҲôáңΪҲܹϾŵ˼ͬʱǰΪһúܶôܹҵʵѸ
ʮ߻ӱһλСʥ۷壬ӽʥǿߣҲٿʥĿġ
ؼʶҶһǿսҶһĿϾ֪ԼֻҪҶһæһѶȺܴĴ
ϾֻҪҶһħʥʵҶһ֣Կɱһħʥ
ħʥµСʥ¸Եֵ磬Ǻв
˵Ҷһһˣ͵ֵüλʥæˡ
ҶһȻҲһ㣬һתЦؿʮ߻ӣ˵֣ʵټһʥôôȴֻǧսЩص
ʵѾӦʮ߻ˣǮҪ̸һ̸ġ
ʮ߻ӼҶһûоܾ֪ɹˣЦ˵Ҷ֣ǧսҸղѾ˵ˣõһջȫ㡣Ҫ֪һλħʥҿǷǳġ
Ҷһҡͷ֣Ҫɱħʥǳ˴ģҳ㶼࣬ȻսƷҲôͷҵսƷҰ£δ̫ûг˰ɡ
ʮ߻ӼҶһЩæ˵ҶŭȻҶֲϿҵ飬˵˵
ʮ߻ûݵλѹҶһϾҶһڵʵֻǿҶһǱǿʮ߻ҪѣȻ
սƷһ
Ҷһʮ߻ӣ˵һɱħʥҪһ׽µСʥħڶӦСʥħķ²Ҫ
ʮ߻Ŵͣ㶵Ҷ֣ڿЦҲ̫˰ɣҿûгǸɡ
ҶһЦ̸̸˫ͬΪֹ
Ҫʥ˼ħΪ۸ʥ˼ķʮ߻һҪμӵġ
Ȼܹʮ߻õĺôҶһȻҲ⡣
Ҷ֣Сʥħô׻׽ģֻ˵㣬ܻܲ׽ǾͲһˡʮ߻˵
ҶһͷҵȻֻ֪ҪҾˣܲܳɹͿˡ
ʮ߻ӵͷ˵û⣬ڶ̫ˣСʥħǴײˣȷСʥħķ²ޣܸһ
ĸҶһҡͷҴҵôҲӴ˰ɡ
ʮ߻ӿЦʥ˼ħǴײˣٶˡ
Ҷһ΢΢Ц֣ĸˣҪ֪һΪҪ˶þͻᳬԽңΪʥҪ˶೤ʱ䡣ԺƿӴҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ĸСʥħѡ
ʮ߻˼ɫ仯Ƭ̣漴Ҷһ˼һҪйϵܰ쵽ϾڻǴ
Ҷһһ漴Ц˵ô˵ֻҪܹΪܸĸˣУȸʣΪٸҲ١ʮ߻ӣδҲˡ
Ҷ֣㡭ʮ߻һЦã̾˿ҡͷһҴܸ㡣
Ҷһ֪ʮ߻ӵļˣµ˵ͷðɣ͵һӡ
ʮ߻ҡҡͷҶһʵ̫ܽˣоһͷۣæҶһȥ
Լã۶ϡ
֮Ҫʱ䣬Ϊʮ߻Ҫ׼һЩϾҲȫҶһԼ׼òС


1536 һЦ
뿪ҶһԵúܸˣϾμʥջС
ʮ߻ӴӦı꣬Сʥħ㹻ı۳ʥ˼ķˡ
ңҶǳץħ۷˵ʮ߻ӵθڣûбҪȥμӡ
һλʥħ¿϶СʥħʱãץСʥħ
һ˳ĻҶһ֮󣬱ܹ۳ʥ˼ķˡ
Ȼġתһֻ֮һʱֻ۳߷
취תһʣµĹҪ
Ҷһ˸ž⣬ȱ֮Ӧþкɨʥ۷ʵʱȥȻҴʥʣµĹ
ӦҴʥ˵ʮ칬ڵϢû˵ȥһҴʥ鷳
ʱҴʥҲûҶǳ
ϾʱҶǳŸոճʥ
ڻҴʥҶǳв
Ҷ֣ǰһ𣡡
Ҷһɳʹٵ۶ʱһϤԺС
Ԫ䣡
Ҷһһ΢΢һЦҲȥ
ҶһЦŷԪڵأӦ֮У˵س˺Ԫ֮⣬лսֺ˾嫺ˡ
Ȼ뿪󣬾һֱڵȴ
Ҷ֣
Ҷ֣
Ҷһһ
ԪڶҶһǷǳ壬˭˵ռ֮ܳʥˣ
˼ҿʥսǿǱ
Ҷ֣ǺÿడѾʥˣŲ˵֮ǰ㵣ġ˾嫺ҶһһԹ
ԱߵĻսƲСӹⲻ˵ǵѪ̵ˣ㿴ζľͶˣ۵Ѫ̶ɨء
ԪЦҶһʥܻܴʥһˡʥˣҲֻʥʥˣһڸжûС
Ҷһ΢΢ҡͷЦҲųʥûҪֻ˵Ƕá
ҿõĻλ콣ɵʥӽԣò׳ʥȴǱҶ˶ӣ϶֣˾嫺Ц
ԣҶһɵüͷɻǽҲ֣Һԩ޳ȴΪҪҡ
ǰ㵱̤ʯҪ£˭ʱ̫أֻҪ㣬ǽԿ϶½սЦ
Ԫҡͷ֪ˣ˵Ҷ֡Ҫ̤ʯҲңϾʱǶ֪ҶѾʥˣһδʥˣûʲôɾ͸С
ǾˣҶԩ޳ΪҪҶ鷳˾嫺һɡ
սЦ˵ҿҲȥˣҪ֪ԭ򣬲ֱʽԡҶֵʵҲʶˣҶˣ϶ʵ档
Ԫ˵ͷ˵⵹һ취Һϵʿ
˵գԪͨϵԣѯ

Ľԣ˿콣ĬĬ˿ڣյԪϢ֮ϸһĨԥ
Ǻܿ죬뵽ҶһǿʵԻǾòܵҶǳ
£Իظ֣תҶ֣ҵĴðλƬҰæûסջ˴£ҶˡȽĳƻָԸ֮ǣ
̬ڵĺܵ͡
ϾҶǳճʥʵǿ츳ԺɾͱȻ
콣ȻǿҲԸĵˡ
οҶǳûʲôԹûҪΪѪ̶Ҷǳġ

۶
ͨԪĻ磬˶˽ԵĻظʱȻ
ԭˣȻǶĸɵġҶһЦһ
˾嫺ͷ˵ѹֽԻͻȻʥʵаλƬȷлʥ
Ԫ俴ҶһʵҶ֣ڽԣʲô㣿ǼΪУһЦ𣿡
սֺ˾嫺ҲҶһǲûȰ˵ϾҶǳԼ顣
ҶһԳƬ̣漴Ц˵͵ǲʶ˰ɣοԿҲ޴󰭡˵ˣп֮;ˡ
Ҷһǵĺ콣ʵûҪĵˡ
ȻҪǣϴ̬ȺܳϿҡ
ҶһҲͱˡ
ο콣ɽ𣬹ƶĻЦĺܿġ
ͽԳΪѣƶĻϾ֣ҶǳҲϽһʥѡ
ڶ˵˷۱
ҶǴȣԪ޵
սҲЦ˵ܱȶǿ
ˣ˵ˣڴ˵ȴҶ֣ɲΪ̸۽Եġ
˾嫺Ȼ˵
Ŷʲô𣿡Ҷһɻؿǰˡ


1537 粨
ԪˣҶһдѯ֮ɫ
Ԫ䡢ս֡˾嫺˶һۣ漴ǺԪ俪˵Ҷ֣ǷһħѨʥ˼ģһȥ˵ħѨ֪Ҷֿʱǰ
Ҷһһϲɣھȱʥ˼ħϾԺҪ۾ŵ
ңҪʵҲҪʥ˼С
½ʥ˶ģұԵ޹Ҳܺɱˡ
Ψħܹ޹˼ɵնɱ
˼֮ɫһҶһ΢Ц˵Ҳɣղʮ߻ҲȥһħѨǴʥħѨȻԼһȥһʱ䡣
Ԫϲɫһ㹻ˣѾ׼ˣҶĻϾܳ
û⣡ҶһЦ˵
һԣ˾嫺пҶճʥҪʮ߻ȥնɱħʥ
սЦȣԴ²ξһʵĺܿ죬ΪʥʥҶ˿֡
Ҷһ΢΢һЦм꣬ȷҪɴʥˡ
ڳɹʥǾҪʱˡ
ûƿȴǳķʱ䣬ԽķѵʱԽࡣ
߰ɣھͳ˳˵ħѨ
ҶһͺԪ漴һͬ뿪۶

ͬʱҶһʥܶĵϢѾڻ洫鿪½𾪲ѡ
Ҷǳߵռ֮һ˭֪ԭǲܳʥġ
ҶǳֵҪʥҲܡ
û뵽ҶǳȻ辶ʥսǿ

Ѫ̡
ɫվһΰĴ⡣
Ǵʥܹվ⣬ΪѪ̵ν
Ҷǳɳٶ̫ˣѾˣԴ½ξһûͣÿһʱ䣬ʵһأռ֮ҲƲ
նɱӣض飬һλʥǰնɱ
ĿǰĴ˵
ھĵģòһϵ˳
ģĵܹ⣬ӵȷǱܴ󡣡
ĿǰĵɷǣӲŸճʥɲвȽɷǣɱǷ֮䡣
˷ˣ°ɡ
Ѫ̽ĻʱæҶǳɳȥˣȷûʲôвĳɳٶ̫ˡ
ǺǣôһδɵСӸסˣ츳δʥ֮ǰܿҲǺġҲʥˣӦ֪ʥ˾֮Ҫжôѡ
Ѫ̵ĽЦοҶǳʥһѶȸҪɴʥ֪ú£ɹʥܶв
ļȰ˵
Ѫ̵ĽֱӴԲɵ˵ˣɣʱ˵նɱɷǲҪ飬˶ġ
ΣʵҲý˵öԣʱԣɷǵв
ϾһλʵĹʥѾɱǲٴʥСʥˡ
ǣֱθҶǳɳʱ䣬һټҶǳ¾ͲǸճʥСʥˣǴʥҲ˵

Ѫ̵أĳɽС
һϥɽڣһˣһ߹ۿŻġš
ҶǳʥܶĵϢ󣬲ɵһ𾪣Щš
Сӳʥô죿Ȼʥģ
ɷǡ
ҶǳʥԵú𺳡
뵽ԼҶǳʶʱСӻһԼһײİ壬źò׽
񣬲Źȥã
һȻʥˡ
һʥͻһʥ
ɷµ֮УҲδҫ۵ţо̾ѡ
СӿѪ̵صעҵɱһѪ̵ĴʥѪ֪Ҳĵˡ
ɷǰ뵽
ҶǳȻʥˣǶʱڸѪ̵Ķ֣Ѫ̺ɾɱ
ֻŪķ粨Ѫ̵ĿסܸҶǳȡʱ䡣

úɷǳأٶȻɱһλѪ̵ĴʥԼλСʥ½ڡ
ɷҲʱϹλѪ̹ʥش˶ӡ
ˣѪ˵ٴαɷɱλʥˣ澡ʧ
Ѫɳȥλʥʱ̶׷ɷǵ٣ɱĲݡ
ҶǳС㣬ȻҲͱѪ̸ˡ


1538 
谵ĵ磬޾ĺڰһŮˡ
˿̣ϥһ̳ϣ֧Χסǵ󷨹ĻֵŰһѹİɫ¯
˷ֱ١˫责ǳԨ̵ˣ˫贻Сʥ
ɢǲ˫ϢҲСʥ硣
ֻǴ˿̣˵̫
Ϊ𰵺ɫĺ¯ڲϵسѹСʥȴ޷ֵ
˵Ͻ亹εΡ
ߵƳһұߵ٣гԹ֮ɫ㣬̳ҲᱻأҿǶ壬עһӵùǡ
ٵƳһۣԼֵ˭
ߣΪ˱˫Ϊһ㡣
˵꿴мŮӣ˵˫ʵڲУҾԱʱûߡ
˫úƯʵϣܹʥŮˣǳŮжصʥʣʹǸˡ
˫Ե˵ûǸʱ򣬶ҲԱҡ
˫ôô룿ѵ֪Ҷ˼Ϊ㣬ԱҲԸ⡣
һ˫˵
䳰ȷ˭֪˽ʦֵȥѰԵֻʥأٺ٣
٣ں˵˵ʲô
ɫһ䣬һŭݵص٣ͺȵ٣ҪΪڳʥˣ͸ǰҪ֪ʥҲǷֵȼģ㲻Ǹճʥѡ
贵٣˵ң˵˽˭ܱȵ㣿Ϊ˻ԵǴ̳ҲᱻǣǵõһλƬʥˣȴ˼ĴۣԵ˫𣿡
ɫվһȵĻ緢䶢责˫һԱ˵һ˵˵ѡ
䣬ϵĻԽңһǿϢϱ
ǿʼȼʥ׼Աˡ
м˫ɫ䣬æһѹ٣ŭȵ׳գڻûʱ̣
˵գϱǿϱŷĻѹȥ
˫Աߵ责ŭұ죬ʲôʱˣﷴǻĲ𣿡
贷ΪȻ뿪ˡ
˫ߵǸٹҵΪܹﵽСʥ۷壿ǵõôҪ뿪ô˽𣿡
贳Ĭˣθȷõ˾޴ĺôҲ˽Сʥ۷徳硣
˫˵ĺˣٵĶԲ֮ѾΪ˵е壬ԺºˣѣԲڴ˵أǵȻҲ
ЦҲֻǴ˵ѣڻ½ʷ϶ûгֹһֱߺˣʣֻǰ˹ⴵѡ
̧ͷеİɫ¯ҿǶ壬㿴ǱΪһСʥħѨ
أȴһʥħѨȻĴʥħΪ˶˯֮Уȴа˸Сʥħⲻùʲô
˫俴˵٣ǲԼɱȥˣûֹ㡣
Աߵһ˫ижв
贺һû˵ֻĿżƲʱһĨޡ

硣
ҶһԪ䡢˾嫺ͻս˰գ·Ĵء
ֻǳԵؾ
Ǵӻؾ·ϣⷢ˴˵ء
Ԫ俴Ҷһ˵Ҷ֣ϸӦ֮һ˿ħϢǲ𣿡
ҶһԵ˵ͷĿ⿴͸ǰգ˵ȷħϢѾӦħѨˡ
ҶֹȻǷִ˵أǷ˺ôһȷħѨڣû뵽Ҷһ͸ӦˡԪԵ
ҶһЩֵؿʵȻѾ˴˵أΪһֱûн̽ȵڣ
Ҫ֪ʱǴӻؾѾвˡ
ҶСӣǲŸոճʥΪûȶʥҲûмȻҽȥ̽սЦ
˾嫺ҲͷֱǰǲȹΪ
ԪЦ˵Ǿ׼̽ͻȻյʮ߻ӵֻõȲμʥû뵽ʥ֮е֪Ҷʥˣ뵽һ̽
ҶһȻ漴һȭ俪ǰգǰѾ¶һڰͨ˵ȻˣǾͽȥɡ


1539 ׽
䣡
Ҷһһȭ俪ͨħѨֱ̤ͨУԵոߵ
Ȼֵ
Ͼ߷ſСʥ۷սټϡջñ䡷ѹʥˡ
ħѨдʥ
УҶһҲ޾塣
мʥħʹ򲻹Ҳߡ
ʵȻη塣
ߣ
Ҳȥ
Ԫ俴Ҷһһȣæȥ
ǼʶҶһʵҶһҲģη塣
ͨڰͨһƬ谵¶
޹⣬ؽһƬ綼û
ħѨ
ȻħϲĵطʵǱ½ǿ߱ƵͶ·ֵֻطסȻ½ǿ߷֣Ǿ·һ
ǰһƬ谵磬Ҷһ̽ȥѸħѨ
ͬֻҪȼûߣ޷Ӧ
Ҷһ۷ľʥ֮УҲģֻЩʥܸ൱
ˣҶһ޼ɵħѨʥ˼ħûиӦ
ҶһϾһȭ俪ħѨͨѾЩǼСʥħˡ
˿̡
һ̳Χа˸СʥħΧż̳վ
У𰵺ɫĺ¯ǰ˸СʥĴ߶£ڻѹ
̳ϣ١贡˫˸еѹԽԽ󣬸еԽԽӽ
壿Ǻǣʲôƨ壬ϾҪˡ贷ŭ
ٲֻһǸؿԱߵ˫
˫ҧĿᶨ˵壬ǾԲдġ
Աߵ֮һЦ

̳⡣
Ȼ˸Сʥħüͷһ壬һۣ¶ɻ
ǸӦƺ˴ͨ
˳ȥˣ
ܣûǵ˭Գȥ
ǻ˽ˣ
ȥ

һ֮漴Сʥħ̤ȥʣµСʥħɲٿŰɫĺ¯ѹ
ֻǣСʥħ߶ɫ¯½ٶȼࡣ
̳֮У˶ʱ͸Ӧ˰ɫ¯½ٶȼǵѹҲС˺ܶࡣ
ô£ǵƺ˺ܶ࣬Сʥħ뿪ˡɫɻ˵
˫˵ͷüһչտտⷢˣҲǵĻᡣ
ԱߵߵߵһˣȻȼʥл
ȣ˫ᶨ˵

ͬʱ
ҶһѾڼ̳һɨһо֮С
˸Сʥħ
Ҷһ۾һЩϲ
û뵽ħѨڣȻа˸Сʥħ
Ҫ֪ǴʥħѨҲôСʥħ
ʲô˸
Ԫԣһ𾪡
Ǳ
ҿҶǳȻĻˣֱġ
Ԫһ¡
׼£ѾСʥħ٣һûþѹǣǰһ׽ǡҶһȵ
׽Ԫ䶯ݵҶ֣ȷҪ׽ѶȺܴ󰡣
ɱף׽ѡսҲ˵
Ͼʥˣ򲻹ɱҪ׽ǺѣѹԵС
ҶһȴһţԺԪ˵ΪսʥڵӦһʥɣʵټҵĻþѹƣԿԵסСʥħ
û⣡Ԫ˵ͷ֮УߣѾսʥڵһʥ
Ҷһսֺ˾嫺˵ʣµһСʥħ֣ԿԽ׽
пȴʥսټǶϣȷܴ󡣡սֵͷ
˾嫺Ҳ˵ͷ
ǶûѯҶһΪҪ׽ħʥˣϾѾˣҶһֻҪħʥ˷²ʣµıﶼǣ˵ǳá
ˡ
ҶһȻЦһĿ⿴ԶǿϢٶ
Ƭ̺;޴ħ̤նһɢǿϢƶصħ
սֺ˾嫺ʱСʥħǿ󣬱ϾԷѾ̤Сʥ꣬ǲŸոճʥá
ԪһЩһʥʲһСʥħѷɫ
ĸʥˣ
Сʥħ˿ҲҶһˣʱɫ䡣
֪黵ˣʱĸʥˣǻ̳ϵʥˣ
ʱһϣҲ޷κˡ
֣
Ҷһȴǲ֪ǵ˼ҲᣬСʥħ̴ȵ
ȱһ糯ǰСʥħѹȥ


1540 
Ҷһ綼ִܹʥսԸǰСʥħЧ͸ǿˡ
һ˲䣬Сʥħ㶼һһ档
죡
ҶһȻŹֺûᣬкսֺ˾嫺һһѹ
һ̣ҵĽɫ⣬ҶһǰСʥħС
û뵽Ҷ־ȻͨŹ˾嫺̾ͬʱҲѹ
սЦ˵ϵãǴѧġ˵գҲһѹ
Ϊǻ׽˶ûгɱУѡѹ
ҶһʩչԴƣַսħĿǿ
ټҶһʵǿޱȣлսֺ˾嫺İæһӾͰħѹˡ
𣡡
СʥħŭţѾˡ
ϧһ˲䣬ҶһѾѹˡ
ǰҼѹӡҶһԻս˵
սֺ˾嫺æͷʱСʥħѾѹסˣֻҪάˣǳɡ
Ҷһ˫ģһɫġe֣ǰСʥħӡ
ҡСʥħ
ԶСʥħҲŭҪ
Ԫȫ߶еĴʥһ貵⣬Цʵ½ô࣬Ҳȥΰɣ
к𺳣ʵǿħȻôֱ࣬˼顣
ûҶһ磬ӵһʥҲ޷סСʥħ
ɵò
ҶһһۺԪǱߣԪ䵲סСʥħʱ΢΢һЦ
ͬʱ˫ּĳһɫġe֣Яųҵķ⣬ǰСʥħ
أСʥħҲ޷ˣȫ¶ɫġeַӡ
ˣһ
ڻ׽һСʥħҶһԵ÷ǳġ
Աߣսֺ˾嫺Ҳһ𺳣Ļ׽һСʥħǿʥ˰
ʲôʱ׽ʥ˱ôˣ
һԼվҶǳߵģȻƾʵ׾پͱҶǳ׽ˡ
ݣ
Ѹ˲Ƶ˺Ԫһߡ
һ̣һƺһħ
ҶֹȻԪЦһħԸɶˣܹѹСʥħ
һСʥħȻ׼Ҷһ˵Ĺ£Ҳ
󣬻սֺ˾嫺ѹħҶһʼӡ
ͺԪ伤սСʥħ״ʱˣæڼ̳￴صСʥħ
á
̳⣬Сʥħʱʧɫߵʵ֮ǿԶǵ֮⡣
ʥ˵ô죿
Ҫ𣿡
أҵ׼޷ˡ

Сʥħһżؽš
׼Լ˯ĴʥħȻԸ⣬Ͼò׳ʥҲ
գǾˡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
Сʥħ־ǳᶨһҧȫʼȼħ֮Լʵﵽ۷壬ȫ߶𰵺ɫĺ¯
ʱâɫ¯½ٶԽԽ죬ۿҪִ˵ͷ֮ˡ
ô£ǵôǿôࣿپ
ɫȻˣһȼƴˣҪҲҪǡ
˫ȴϲɫæ˵ģ֮ôƴ˵Ѿ鷳ˡֻҪټһʱ䣬ܹˡ
ǿҪֲסˡ贿Ц
˫ȵֲסҲҪ֣ھͿ˭ֵľˣֻҪȵԮǾӮˡ
ٲ˵ɫǺ죬ȫ֧Űɫ¯
磬СʥħȫðɫĻ棬ȼգʹǵԽԽǿ

һ
ҶһЦţǰѾӡСʥħӽԼʥ棬ޱȡ
ӡĵڶСʥħˣܿ죬ͿԶʥ˼ķͬˡ
ô
ʣµһСʥħŭ
ȴ֪ѾСʥħˡ
һһ֣
ҶһһԪǣ˺ܿͽСʥħӡˡ
ԷҪԱҶһ˵ǿʵ֮£ҲԱ
ɹӡСʥħ֮Ҷһ˷ǳˡ
Ҷ֣ȥԪʵ
ҶһЦСʥħһӡ˵
˵գǰ·


1541 
̳⣬Сʥħû뵽Ҷһ˵Ķô죬Ҳû뵽СʥħȻֵֻôһʱ䡣
ڵȵҶһ˵ִ̳ʱСʥħѾͷ󺹡
죬ֻһˣ
һСʥħ
ĸСʥħҲҶһ˼ȫȼħ֮߶ɫĺ¯
ֻ̳Ͽգ𰵺ɫĺ¯Ѿ˵İӶ˽ȥͲһˡ
ϧһʱ䣬ȴѾ޷ˡ
Ϊ̳ôҶһһ۾Ϳ˼̳УǱ˰ӵ١
ûɣһȻʥˣ
٣Ҷһ̲ס۾
ĳʥ֮·жôѡ
ô̵ʱ䣬ܹʥǶǿŻ塣
أ
ҶһûǴĻһﵱִ½ģʵԶԶ޵Сǡ
ڣһȻʥˣ
õλƬ¶ûôʥһ츳ôߣ
ҶһЩš
ôԼսѣҶһȻ뿴䡣
ˣȻ𾪣Ҷһ̳֣һݺݵ𰵺ɫĺ¯
ʥ񽣣Ҷһбǿһ˺գһնӡ

ԶСʥħ״ʱŭ
һ̫ˡ
ҫ۵Ľ£κ˶ԵȻʧɫ
֮䣬ֻʣ貼µһ
󣬸ĺԪˣҶһһ̾
ÿµռҶܹΪʥƾռԽɱС
ϻǿ֮Ȼ

˾֮̾䣬ҶһĽѾݺݵسڰɫĺ¯档
ʱɫĺ¯˳ȥ
˶ʱе
ӡ̳󷨣Ҳˡ
Сʥħܵصķɣ׷Ѫɳȥ
ɫҰףԵöЩ;ƿݡ
Ҷһ״ʱϲæԺԪ˵춯֣⼸һȼܵ󷨵ķɣʵ
˵գ̶һ磬ǰСʥħս
ûᣡ
ԪҶһĻҲ֪Ƿӡħĺʱ
˷׷׸Ҷһһ֣˲ͷӡһСʥħ
ҶҶ֣
ԶӰɫ¯֮е٣ʱҲҶһˡ
Ҷһ֮ҲԵòţޱȡ
Աߣ˫ԣЦʶǣû˵ɣˣⶼѲļعȻûд
Աߵ贴˿Ҳһң漴ɨһ۲Զսת̽ץ𰵺ɫĺ¯
ʲô˫ü贡
ЦȻȡսƷⶫǶҲһʥڴʥжǶġ
ŭҶ־ǣⶫҶֵġ
֮õҵġѾɫĺ¯
ٻ˵ȴԱߵ˫˵Ȳ˵ȥǼѡ
ҲԣȻҶǳʥˣҶǳŸոճʥʵҲǿ˶١
ҶһܹٷӡһˣٿΪСʥħܵɣȼƲء
ңӦǺԪ˰ɡ
˫˵˳ȥһסһСʥħ
ɨһսԼӮˣǱûг֣ϥ£ʼָΪ
ЩħôãȻûˣȴĵء
һ˽ˣɲȥħʥƴȻָʵ˵ҲӮˡ
¡¡
Զҵսš
ȻҲֻٺ˫ǱߵսңڵʵͶħʥ˲࣬Դĺܼң˭Ҳκβ˭
ҶһˣѾٶȷӡһСʥħ˿׼ӡһСʥħ
Ԫ俴Զɫ¯责üͷһ壬ҶһŭҶ֣㿴ǾǣǾȻ壬սƷ
ҶһЦ˵ǵսƷҴӦǣֻҪ׽ħʥˣĶǡ
Ҷ֣ǿǶʥԪڨڨ
ҶһЦǼȻǰ˵ˣȻᷴڣȱȽħ³ǵսƷֱ
Ԫһʱˡ
ҲԣȻʵҶһڣԿԺɨˡ
Ҷһ˼ǰСʥħӡ
СʥħƲأأʹǱӡǳס
ҲҶһǷӡħʥ˵ʱǲԶ١˫սħʥˣʱԱˡ


1542 Ű
䣡
СʥħһԱ̫ӴˣֱӾͰٺ˫ըѪɡ
ǿֲϯԪ˶ɳȥ
ΨʥҶһԱվԭء
Զڻָ贶ˣæվԶ˵ء
˿̣Ѿָ˴롣
֣û°ɣ
ҶһһѾǱߣó˵ҩ
µҩҶһЦҶ֣Ȼô̬һת۶Ѿʥˡ
Աߣ˫ЩؿҶһղķǳҶһȻסǹԱ
Ҫ֪Ԫ˶ɳȥˣҶһȻסˡ
ʣ⼸֮УҶһʵǿ
˫Щɻٲǲ½ôʶһǿʥˣ
˵ұ̬ҿ㲻ҲôʥˡҶһɹȻЦ
ٿЦãڴ˵صõһλƬԽҳʥңҶǴ˷ǿ¾ˣҪлǵľ֮
Ǻǣ֮仹̸ʲô̫֮ˡҶһ˰֣ܹٴμһ½ˣ½ˣԵ÷ǳˡ
٣һ𣿡
ʱ˫Ѿ˹˵
Ҷһؿ˫Ȼ߳úƯû⡣
٣Եúܸˣæ˫˵˫Ҹ˵ҶǳҶ֣һ½ģǻǳͬһС硣
Ҷ֣˫ҵʦ㡣漴ֶҶһ˵
Ҷһ΢΢˵ͷ
˫ȴһԾؿҶһŵҶǳǸռ֮ţȻʥˣôܣ
һҲӦˣЩؿҶһ԰Ҷ֣Ȼʥˣ㲻ǲܳʥ𣿡
ҶһμʥʱǾѾ˵ˣԲ֪Ҷǳʥˡ
ǺǣԺ˵λѰ𰵺ɫĺ¯ǿǵսƷҶһЦ˵Զ贡
贾ȻҪûȥѼħѨıñԪǸˡ
˿̣ѾԪ˸Χˡ
ǸʲôÿҪǳԨΪ𣿡ŭźԪˣһ㶼η塣
ǳԨ̵ĵӣɵԪˡ
ЩħɱԪ˸ɱ
˳Ԩ̣
ˣԵŰ裬һ㶼ûѺԪ˷
ԪҲûðɣһ̫ˣлǵľ֮ҲˣûǵսƷֱ޷ܡ
콻𰵺ɫĺ¯뿪ԪȵеĴʥڷ⣬ͷųǿ
սֺ˾嫺ס贵·Ǻ޳ܣ壬Ǿ㣬ȻǵսƷ
ߵ𣿺οҺЩħսôãǺģҪսƷҵսƷ
޳ܣԪ
ʱҶһٺ˫Ѿ˹
ŭ责ȵ责ǼʥǵսƷ㲻л˼ҵľ֮Ҳˣ˵սƷǳԨ̵涼㶪ˡ
٣˭˵أˣʦ֣ôʦ˵𣿡
贵һۣ漴ƳҶһһۣ˵صģǼʥȻҵսƷǵľ֮ߣ𣿺οֻѰģֲصǵġ
Դŭ˱޳ܣ
٣ٸһ䣬Ҷ㲻۾ص١
Ա˫俴责㵽׽Ǽʥ
ЦһתͷҶһˣмСʥѣҵĴʥΪǳԨ̾ͲҶԸ𣿵ǳԨ̣ǣļ
ԪͫһȷǷǳɵԨ̡
ĻͶˣǻ贿
ôĿ
Ҷһ̲סˣٵϣ贽
һδҲ̫ŰˣǳԨʥ˵ݣȻһ㲻Ƿ
Ҷһ䶢责Ѫ̵İʥɱ˼𣬳Ԩ̵ʥһûɱǲǼʥҾͲʥ档
㵽˭
ҶһɱѪ̵İʥһҶһĿ
룬ѵԼˣһﱳ񣿲ȻôеնɱѪ̵İʥ
Ҷǳռ֮λš˫Ա˵
һ֪ˣϾħѨ֮ǰҶǳɷǣʥţڻ½˾޴ķ粨
˭֪ҶǳĴ


1543 
ǰҶһЦҵ˭ԭһɢޣڶѪ׷ɱҴԲѵвңֱ
ǲ׼ǼʥˣҶһɱɫ˵
ͷҶһмΣ
֣ԲסˣҶһһ˵
һæ˵Ҷ֣侲㡣
Ѿˡ
Ҷǳ±в
ȻҶһֻҶǳķǹһ˼롣
޵У޾һС
䣡
Ҷһһȭ责ɱ˵Ȼ㲻ұԼá
Բѣ贴һеʥҶһɱ
ʵѾָˣСʥ۷弶ǿߣԸҶһһˣ޾塣
ںԪˣǸҶ
ΪǳԨ̵
˵Ԫ˵ȷҶ֡
ǶҶһʮ㣬ϾʥĶĶҶһĶ֣οһСʥ۷壿
ۣ
ʵϣҲûгԪ˵֮⣬һȭ֮贾ͱҶһˡ
ʲô
Զսٺ˫𾪲ѡ
ҶһȻôǿ
ǶΪҶǳʥˣҲֻǸճʥѣжս
责ǿСʥ۷壬Ϊʥǿڡ
û뵽ҶһȻһȭʹ贡
ѵ̫ˣ̫ˣ
˫ɵɻؿ贡
贴ʱѾޱȣҶһ𾪵Ȼʥ
ǵģڸӦˡ
ҶһղֻǶͰˡ
Ҫ֪Сʥ۷弶ǿ߰
⻹Ҷһʥǰ׳ˡ
ʲôʥ˫
Ҳһ𺳡
ʥǶǻǵһμ
֮ǰ˭û뵽ҶǳȻʥˡ
ˣߵռ֮ע޷ʥֻѡʥ˫ӦˣЩŵ˵
ʥļѣǷǳģȻô½ôûмʥǿߣ
ʵһ̫ˡ
ȴҶǳʥֱ漣
˵츳ʵ̫ǿˣռ֮Ȼʥ˫Եؾ
Ҳ̾һ·Ѿˡ
˫٣ǻҪұɱ𣿡ͻȻԶ贵ŭ
˫æȥԭҶһѾʩչ磬ѹ贴ˡ
٣֣ͣҸ贺ú˵˵Ǽʥ˫æ˵
վǳԨ̵ˣȻ뿴贱Ҷһնɱ
ãæͷǵ责ǵҶǳ
ҶǳѾѪ̣ٵǳԨ̣ǿҲסҶǳˡ
뵽˴æҶ֣ס֣ǼʥҰҪѾѪ̣ٵǳԨˡ
ˣԼսƷԼãҶһ˵
ѹ£贱˵Сʥ۷ʵˣСʥڵʵάֲסˡ
ҶһսﵽСʥ۷壬ټһʥȫӳռһ
ǻ֣ˣҲùȣڳԨ̿Ǵ贶˫ŭ
ٰѣѾǽǼʥ
责콻Ǽʥ˫Ҳ
ҧҲҾͲɱǳԨ̵ʥˡ
׳գ

ٺ˫
ô죿ʦ㣡ٿ˫
˫Ϊֻ֮ȶˣסȰ˵贽Ǽʥ
⡭ЩɣҶǳѣҶǳ־ôܶҶǳ֣
˫Ҳٵ˼ҡͷʵҲνԼ־ˡ
˵գóԼʥҶһɱȥ
ߣ
Ҷһ˫ɱɵһ漴󣬽˫Ҳֽȥ
ʲô˫ܵʱʧɫЩš
þȻ˿¡
Ҷ֣㡣
ԶԪ˿˫֣ʱ̲סˣ׷ɱ
ҶһͷҲصض˵סɡ
ԪȻʵȲ˫İ֣Χ˫ˡ
㻹֣贿˫Χˣʱŭ
׳գٴһźԪɱȥܿͱԪһΧˡ
ûðɣȴ޿κΣû˿ʹˡ
ңҶһԽԽˡ
ҲɱңŭҶһ
ݣҶһһ贵ն룬еʥնˡ
ҳȫ㣡ҶһЦؿ贡
ͫһΣ˲佫֣оҶһҪɱˡ


1544 ɱ
Ҷһбɱ⣬һоǰδеΣ
֪ǰĶɱġ
ʵϣҶһĶˣһµռնѷ졣
޴ķ϶֮Уڰӿ޾ĺڰԨɽȥ
˫ҡ
贾־塣
ҶһȻҪɱ
ѵµԨ
һ̣ĺˡ
Ǽʥٳŭһ֮ǰ˵ƴ˫ȴ˫湻޳ܵġ
Ҷǳס֣ѵҪǳԨ𣿡˫贵Σæȵ
ô˵贶ǳԨ̵ʥˣȻؿ贲
Ԩ̣
ҶһƳһۣԨ̱Ѫ̸ǿ𣿡
˼ҶѪ̣ǳԨ
˫ɵһͣԨǲѪ̲Ҫ˵ѪҲʵ
Ĵ̶
٣ȰȰ˫Σֻܴ٣ϾҶǳѣӦÿԺú˵˵
Դ㻹ǿ贽ǼʥȻôȰ˵ûá
㡭˫һۣջ̾˿漴˵ǼʥɣȻĻɱģѾѪˣҲ¶һԨ̣ԼǾͱǼˡ
˫Ĵɫ˱䣬һ£漴һ㣡
˵գͰ𰵺ɫĺ¯ҶһʥûüϾһʥҲס
贵ĶڵѪһʥһĴʥһʵܹڴʥ
ϧûˡ
Ҷһץɫĺ¯гԹ֮ɫɱǡ
Сӣ죬һŹġа뵽
ҶһĴʥɱȻǡ
ʲô
Ȼɫұ䣬۾ŵصҶһ
ΪҶһ𰵺ɫ¯֮󣬾ȻҪɱûջ
ʲô֮ǰ㽻㲻ʥΪƢܺ𣿡ҶһЦ
е񽣼նǰֲ⣬һС
贲ҽһҶһвѣӣǷӣѾѪ̣ٵǳԨ̣½û֮
ô뿪½֮ҾͲǳԨ̻ҵõҡҶһߵ
Զԡ
û뵽ǰһȻôһ㶼ǳԨ̡
֪һǸӣղžͲӦõ
пʼˡ
Ҷ֣ѾõǼʥˣʹ˰ְɣ͵ҸӣвУԶ˫æ˵
Ҷһ˵ֲʶ㣬ƾʲôӣȻٵĵ£Ҹһӻࡣ
ʵͿˣһϲ˫
ҶһЩ⣬һȻϲˣ̫߳ˡ
Ǳ񡢾޵֪ˣ»Ц
ޣ
˫ɫһ죬̲סһڡ
Ա߲ԶҲͨһƬæҶһ˵Ҷ֣ҸӰɣϾҵʦ֣ɱһȥҲý
УӣҶһЦЦ漴һŽзϵ߷ɳȥ
贺ò׻ָ壬Ʋأһʵ½Сʥڣޱȡ
Ҷǳҡ
˵ݻǵҶһʱĻʱ˵ˡ
ĺˡ
Ҷǳһ̫ˣֱһӡ
˻ǾԶ֮ɡ
û责Ҷһеİɫ¯Ԫ䣬漴˵ʣµĽˡ
лԪЦŵ˵ͷջܴ󣬹һʥ˷־㹻ˡ
ңħѨʵôǿ϶౦
Ԫ˵뿪˵أǰȥħѨ
Ҷһٵһȥˣ贺˫Զˡ
ǰʴ٣Ҷһһϵ׷ʲô仯ôӦĶˣ
Ҷһкɻ
һμ٣Էı仯ʵ̫ˣΪʥͲ˵ˣԷĶ嶼Ӧˡ
ǰһ͸һùһ
μ٣ҶһȴٵһŨˣֱһ
ҶһǿܹӦٵϢһΪǰǱ˱õġ
壿ѾǹȥʽˡҶ֣ҽԨ֮󣬾ͱһλʥΪ״ӡңһԲܽ壬ѾɹΪˡ
ٹЦ


1545 
ٵ˵ܵ½ľˣһŨа֣νһǿ塣
Ҷһν͸ܵŮףһȻʵûʲôȴԼֵǿһٷ֡
򵥵˵ǰӵж壬ǾùùˣȿˮܱǺš
ڣӵ٣ǾǺȥתתȿˮܺȳӣֱ
ǳ׸ıˣ
Ҷһɵһпؿ˵
һѾӵùˡ
ٺ٣ĸЩϣÿо޴ջΪҲǵõһλƬŽʥġЦ
Ҷһ˷ۣپȻħѨҵλƬģҲˡ
ǵڻؾƴƴŵõһλƬ
ɴ˿ɼ廹Ǿˡ
ˣ֮ǰôᱻסǰ˸ħʥ˵ʵҪɱӦúףôֻסǣҶһȻʵ
֮ǰʱǰ˸ħʥֻסˣûлɱǡ
Ҫ֪԰˶ٻǸճʥЩħʥ˾Կɱǡ
Էȴûɱ֣סˣ˼ˡ
Ҷ֣Ҫǡ
ԣָŲԶļ̳˵̳һλʥħ˳˯ǰ˸ħʥҪǣȻǵλʥħӳ˯֮ѡ
Ŷ𣿡Ҷһ۾һ˫ʱ⣬ŲԶļ̳ȥ
ΧգҶһĿ¶Ť·͸˲գһڰ硣
ڰȷ˯һϢǿħ
Ǵʥħʵ»һλĴʥҶǳջĿ⣬ɵϲɫ
εĴʥħԷˣҲܹñ۳һʥķ
Ҷһʱ
˵ջʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰѾ²Сʥħֵõһʥħֱˡ
ҶһȻԼӵ塣
٣Ǹˡ
ڴʱԶ˫Ѿָƣһͬ˹
ҶһƳһۣûᡣ
Ҷ֣Ҹˣ֮ǰɣпһȥġ˵
Ҷһ˵ͷЦҲڣпһۡ
ãٵ˵ͷ漴˫Ƿˡ
ҶһԹĻҶǳʲôҽʥ磬ÿ
׳յĻҶһֱˡ
ʥ
ھʹʥٹһʱ䣬ñ֣ʥħʵܺɨʥˡ
ҲһȱȳΪʥ
Ҷһ뵽
漴Ҷһ̤գ̳·ڰ
һ߾޴ħ˯֮С
ǵȫѹ򡣡ҶһĿһɨЦݡ
ʵҪץʥħ붼룬Ǹʵ
ڣʥħ˯֮Уôӡɶˡ
û˿赲֮Ҷһ֣һɫġe֣ǰʥħӡˡ
ӡ֮ǰӡЩСʥħޱȡ
һƻأⶼûѡҶһǰӡħʥɵҡҡͷ
ɵؾͷӡһʥħЩš
һջ񣬿±šҶһ漴ЦЦ
ڴ˵رչһΣʥħ
Ҷһϥ¡
ҪԼյʥħ
ϾһջܴѾ²СʥħǱʮ߻ӻӦСʥħ
һŸСʥħ
֮⣬ֻ˸ʥ˷㹻ʹˡ
ԣʥħȻһˡ
Ũ壬ҶһתתһΪϵϴ
ҲзĺôȻ޷ԼΪȴֱΪ
ɱĻͲôˡ
ԣֻҪ㹻ʥ˼ķ²ܿΪ
ҶһܹظӦԼΪٶȣûãʹСʥڽСʥڡ
ȻСʥڣСʥ۷塭
Сʥ۷֮ҶһͷԼ޷ˡ
ʱʥħһ
ô£
Ҷһͷɻ
ѵΪ޷Խ
Сʥ۷壬ҲֻСʥ۷壿
ҶһֿԺܴ
ĻܹԽǿԷΪˣ
뵽Ҷһֻýʣµȷħʥ棬ȴԺͻƵʥټա


1546 
Ӽ̳ҶһһԼڵֻԼ֮гǰδеǿ
֮ǰСʥڣҾСʥ۷սѾﵽСʥ۷壬ս¿кڵĴʥˡ
ҶһЦݡ
һεջ̫ˡ
ҪлԪˡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵Ҷһ΢΢ԶֺԪЦݵط˹
Ҷ֣ջ̫ˣ»֪ⲻСʥħѨһʥħѨҿħʥ˳˯ˣȻǲôɵشԪһ˵
ҶһЦ˵Ѿ֪ˣħʥڼ̳˯ѾҸӡˡ
Ԫһ㶣漴ЦҶ
ԱߵĻս˵ҶСӣջ̫ˣǾһЩ
ζ㣬Ҳȫˡ˾嫺Ҳͷ˵
Ҷһ԰ֵεջҲܴ󣬶Ѿǰ˵ˣҾͲٷˡˣǿ뿪˵ذѡ
˵꣬ȺԪǻػҶһѾһ뿪ħѨ
Ԫ˶һۣɵһЦ
ˣһ￴ջˣǾͲˡս˵
Ԫ˾嫺˵ͷҶһһ뿪ǲǵĶ
ֻȴ֪ջĻҶһ

֮ǡ
ҶһͺԪǷֿ֮󣬱Իص֮ǡ
κͺԪȥħѨ·ϻһЩʱ⣬ǰǰûõʮʱ䡣
ʮ߻ӵİ֮Լʮ꣬ǲȥ۶
Ҷһ
ҶһոջͿëӲԶ
ҶһǷ飬ҶǳѾë˵ˣǶҶǳʱٴչأߵҶһ
磬ôôӦˣҶһЦ˵
ëúҼٴ֮󣬾ȥĥԼˣڿأǳɹˡ
Ҳү˭Աү츳ӦҲĹ͹ˡëЦ
Ҷһҡҡͷһ֪ꡣ
ǰʱٴ档
֮бչҶǳʱܵ󷨵Ĳɵû۾
ҶһףΪȻһﵽСʥ۷塣ҶǳΪ壬ȻһӾͿҶһΪ
ʲôһΪﵽСʥ۷ˣëԣҲ𾪵ƲͷߵҶһоޱȡ
ͻȻ뵽ѾСʥ۷ҶһսҪǿ
һүҶСӵһ߷ˣ
ëɵһйʵ̫ˡ
ԼɣҶһ΢΢һЦ漴Ҷǳںϡ
˲䣬ҶǳҶһȥһо͸Լһ
ǷãֻҪںϣľҲͳ˱ľ
ΣҶǳЩһǾˣȥһ˾ȻõôôǼһȻӶΪ塣УǼһȻϲĹˣ̫߳ˡ
ιιιС˵ϸһ㣬СϲĹһԣëɴ۾ԵЩš
ӱɽҲϲˣ
ëò˼顣
ҶǳЦЦ漴ϸë˵һ顣
֮ëɵùЦǼһȻϲˣУҵøȥ
˵꣬ëʹҴ뿪ˡ
ԣҶǳҡҡͷ漴Ҷһ˵ֻܵҽʥ֮󣬲ܽʥ
ҶһͷΪ޷Խֻܸƽ
ҶǳεõСʥħðҶҶΪҲСʥΡ
Ҷһ˵ͷ漴ڼʮ߻ӴӦħСʥѾһħСʥˡңȰ֮Һʮ߻ȥħʥĳѨ϶²һЩħСʥ㿴ǲҶҶһЩħСʥ
ҶǳԵͷҲãǾҶħСʥӦ㹻Сʥ۷ˣʣµһħСʥҶʥʱ򣬵ҳɴʥҶҲܳɴʥ
Ҷǳĺܺãʥ˵
Ҫ֪ЩҲʥȻûǿ󣬵ֻҪɴʥҲӵдʥ۷ս
ʱͻ֮УҶһҶܺɨдʥ۷ˡ
ԼҶһҶ˵ܿʥڵǿˡ
Ҷǳкڴʩչ𣬰ҶʼħСʥ
ħСʥҶΪڴﵽСʥ۷壬Ҷһһˡ
ҶǳҶЦ˵Ȱ֮Ҷһһȥʮ߻˵ħʥĳѨܹ²ҲԳɴʥˡ
ҪɴʥһħʥС
ҶһѾһħʥҶȴûУֻڴʮ߻ӵǴˡ


1547 ˼
ҶΪСʥ۷֮ҶǳʣµһħСʥҶΪҲСʥڡ
ԴˣҶһõħСʥȫϡ
ҶǳҲ˵õʥ˲εķҶһҶСʥ۷塣
ҶǳԵú⣬漴üͷ˵תһֻõ֮һֻ۳߷
Ҷһ˵ҪҪҺҶȥһҴʥҪʣµĹ
ڻУǵʵңĿǰ򲻹Ҵʥҽʥ˵Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ҶҶСʥ۷壬ʥڵս޷ԻҴʥв
Ҫ֪ҴʥľŸǳǿûлֻ磬ҶһҶǻҴʥĶ֡
ҶǳҲΪʥʱҶһҶ֣Ҵʥˡ
ʱȷǻҴʥһ
Ƿ
֮أҴʥɵô˸磬ֹĸ쵰ڵԼӳɹʥˣǺÿ
ҴʥŬħʥ
ϧûлٶȱҶǳ˲֪ٱ
ңʥħҲôˡ
Ҵʥֻ޾ȥ

ʮǰһβյӵӡ
һΣ̰ʦѧյˣԱࡣ
ҶһվڸߴѹѹһƬˣɵЦ˵࣬ǲԽԽʢˡ
ϻԴʥԽܶĺǲѾΪʥˣȻˡԪƲ
񣬸Ԫ롢ǶѾΪСΪ̵ĳϡ
ҶǳëС塢Щʥƽǲµģ̵ĻǸԪЩǡ
Ϊ͹Ҫ֮ǣǸæ
ʥصǺܴģ
ԱߣЦ˵ǰûгʥǲûʥٴܹҵޡھͲһˣһǿʥ˭ԸҪ֪ڻ½Ĵ֮⣬ʥǿˡ
Ҷһ룬ЦʵǼһأ
㻹֪𣿵ȻȥĹȥˣһ½ĵһڵ飬ǰûʵȥѰңڽС磬̾ˡЦ
ҶһԷ˷ۣˣǼһһСֻҪСĵ㣬Ǻܰȫġ
ڻ½СһǿߣֻҪһЩˣϿԱˡ
㣬ôпʵ
Ҫ֪ƽǿҶǳ˵ġ
ҶһЦ֮ǰ̫æˣпվ͹˳㿴ûʲôӡ
ھ͵ʮ߻ӵʼʱûȥ͹
ǷֲԼҲš
½ô󣬺ӻвٵģ֮ǰյĵӵУѾкüΪСˣʵЩˣ붼úޱȡ̾
ҶһԴ˷ǳ⣬ǵ츳Ǻǿܹ֮ΪСǶǿӴԴӲġ
ԼС磬֪ú¡
ۻ½ˣкܶĺͱǸ࣬츳ȻҲǿܶࡣ
ʦѧյȻкܶ࣬СӲõʵֲ̫ˣһ˶ˢˡ
ʱԪһЦ
ҶһҲ·ȥ
ֻ·һ֮У߳һͷɥˣ϶Ƿ֮ɫȻǿʧˡ
̵ĿʵǺϸٸʥرѷɫܶࡣ
ǲһ̬ĹأǾҪ벹̣͵ȹ󷨡
ҲҶǳֲõ󷨣Ӵõ󷨡
󷨿˵飬Ʊ̬ÿʦˣǱ󷨸̭ġ
ͨ󷨵ˣϺĿ˾ˡ
Ҷһһʧ뿪ˣߵ󷨣ΪıˢļϸԼһЩĻˡЩˣ츳ǿǲҲҪ
ЩˣԺֻΪǣǱǲ̣ǲ̵棬ȷաҲ˵
Ԫ̾Ҳ֪ǶԵģֻһǲ̵ĵͷǳ٣˵ʥرˣЩһЩɵҲǶࡣ
Ҷһֵھڶֻ࣬Ҫܳʥˣǲ̾ˡף
ȻҶһ󷨣ɵþȵصɴ۾
ԱߵĸԪ뻹ǵһοҶһʧ̬ɵúô㷢ʲô
Ҷһ󷨣أɫŹ֣˼˼ò̵ʦүȻ̰ʦѧգҽǲһˣǿ¶ûз֡


ʮ˾ ǳ


1548 ʦү
ʲôʦүǲ̵ʦү𣿡ҶһĻɵɻ
ԱߵĸԪҲһŹֵؿҶһ
Ҷһ˿Ŀɶ󷨣һֵ߰ҿɲǲ̵ʦүǲ̵ʦү׷ݵ½ʱڡ
ʲôԪԵɴ۾ƺʲôŵ㡭˵
һ㶣漴͵ؿ󷨣Щŵ˵ˣ˼½ʱѾʧ𣿡
ʧ٣Ҷһҡͷʦүûϻǿչ·Ƕ̤ǿգǰ½ġ
۵½ǿ½ʦүҲ̫ţ˰ɡ
½ǸС½ǵþΣ
Ҫֻ֪һһСѡ
һ㣬Ҷһᣬһ·ӻ½ջص½ġ
һ·ϣ֪˶Σա
ҲΪʱʵǿ󣬲޾һΣա
С㻻֪˶ٴΡ
ڻ½һֻдﵽС磬Ÿǿա
һС½Ǽûʲôֱ
Ҷһû뵽ĳɹˡ
һھоˣҶһղ̽һߣûз֡
ȻҲвĻ񣬵΢ıģϵģˣǸϲ
ҶһҲǵ½ڰԨ濴µһӰܹͨϢϳ
˭ңһûʦүأæҶһ˵
һԵĸԪҲһڴ
ʦүҶЩ档
ֻҶһ˻֣·һЩеӰڰ¶

֮УһڶǰУΧһƬڰ
󷨵һˣڰ֮·
ھԵĺڰ֮У
־塢¡侲񡢷йȵȡ
ܵ˷һƬڵʱʱ˵鱻ŵ޴ƽһСͷʱ򶼻ò׽
һУ˵ȴû˿в
˴ۣ˫֣̤޾ĺڰδ֪ǰǰ
˪·͸һС
ڰ֮Уû·ûǰķ򡣻ɱˣһ̤˵أҺͽţ֪ô졣
ˣȴ·û˿Ի
½޾ǿûнԻССĺڰܽˣ
˱˫֣ͬͥɢһ㣬ǳɡ
Ŀ֮гο֮ɫЦ˵õһЩĻ˾ͱ벹̡
˵󷨵ˣǻ½̵ĴʼҶǳѾʥˣ˴˵еռ֮Ǻη

硣
ŰеӰɫŹֵؿԱߵҶһʵʦү佱ʲôо
ҶһҲû뵽ʦүڿ佱ԼɵЦˬʦү˼ҶҵϿɡ
ʦүǿѾﵽ˴ˣС̤ǿաһԣԪ̾
ҶһԸ̾ʦү츳û˵ģ½С˱նܲȫһ֮в֮¿̣ʥв½磬츳
һ仰Ҷһû˵Ĳ̣³ͽ֮ܰ⣬¾û˵츳ܹȵλʦүˡ
ңԷܹ½һ·նǺεȵĴǻۡ
ˣδɾ;Բ
ʥкܴĿܡ
ҶһЩˣԱߵ͸Ԫ˵߰ɣǸϽȥӭǵʦүˣ˳㴫Ѷʦǡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦҶһһ󷨵ĳڡ
һϲɫش֮гǷǳģϲá
Ϊͨ󷨣ѾǳΪ̵ĵˡ
ף̵ĳˡ
׳գû̳ߵ𣿡
ҿҶǳҶʥˡ
ҶȻˣѵһűˣ
֪˭ˣĽʰ

ʱһЩͨ󷨵ˣҲҶһˡ
ͨ磬ҶǳģѾ½˰ʦѧյˣܲʶҶǳ
ҶһȻǷģȻһģһΪҶǳ
ǺǣЩСһ
Ԫҡҡͷǰ󷨡
һԵ̲ס˵ǰô˵ǵеһЩͱҶöࡣ
Ԫɫһ죬ǻ½½


1549 η
½˼С磬ҲҪѼʱ䣬Ȼöࡣ
ԪǰҲûѼ꣬ʮܴﵽС磬ꡢǧ꣬ܳΪС
ȴΪҶǳӴԴӲڶʱڳΪС
ԣΪߣʵͻûЩμӿ˵ʹ
СӸҹ
ҴԪԵЩ߳ŭݺݵһۡ
ٺ٣
ɵɵЦţ漴ǰ󷨣ɫЩŹֵ˵˵ԺôԴʦүҵ˼ǣʦүȻֺܸߣΪϾŴ磬ܸܲ磬ǲ̵ʦүֻһɣ
ԪЩͷ۵ܲʦү̵ĵӰɣҲ̫ˡ
ӣ𣿴ĳϣҲǴﵽС磬ųΪϵġ˵
ԪЦǾʦүǱһʱ䣬츳ߣǹӴԴ϶ܴܿﵽС硣
ΪҲʺϰϾʦүܸܲƽ۽ɡһ
ҶһҲЩƣ˵ˣʦү˵û׼ʦүԼ뷨ءߣʦ˵
ݣ
Ҷһ䣬һӰЯǿϢԶ˺ն
Ҷһͷȥֹ䡢ΪëС塢ꡢĽ庮ӡѩõȵȣЩȫˡ
ͽʦү𣿡Ϊæʵ
ῴɣȷʦү˼ңĻﶼڲ
ҵ죬ϼһС͸ҺգȻţô˵ĵȻë
ҲпҲȥյйһ֮Եû뵽ȻĻ˻½뵱յʱ򣬻кܶ˳Цд˾塣
Ҫ֤˵е𣿡ٺЦ

Щ˵϶ż֮ɫ
˵еȻš
һŵĴ档
һڴض󷨵ĳڣȴ֪ԱߵѾˡ
Щͨ󷨵ˣҶһȲ̸߲ȫˡ
ǻΪʲôء
콫ߣҲʦү뱩¶ݡΪü˵
˽Щͨ󷨵ˡ
ʱһҲ߳󷨣濴ȥҶһʱɵһ㶡
漴һЦϳˡ
ΪЩ֪˶ٴĵӣѾϳˡ
ҶһЦ˵ںڰԨ棬ҼʦүµӰ죬ԻǵʦүһϢ
ڰԨǾԶļ䰡﷢һ磬½֣ܵԾͷӡǸط̾
ҶһЦʦүµӰ죬ǲӹһ٣Ļ½ˡ
Ҷһ˵գһָͨ½һЩǰĲ
۾ϸۿЩ漴۾һ˵ԭĩ־ȻһΪһֱڱһС
Ŀܣô˵ҲûҶһЦ
ǰҶһԵΪˣοǺηû뵽ҵ괴Ĳ̣Ȼһ½ˣ֮ǰϢЩš
ҲǺġ
ķ£պգ̤½
̤½ʱ򣬻ڿǣҪҪԺʵǿˣٴһ̣ø½Ĳ̵һңû׼Ժ½Ĳ̵ӹء
ǣӴ֮Ͼͷ˲̵Ϣ
Ͼʱ䣬ҶǳĳҲ¡
ʱ±ˣԭ½Ѿвˡ
ʱΪֻɺϣϾֲʲô֣˴Ҳ
֣ڲ˵ʵӰ̫ˡ
ԣźģһЩڲ̵Ϣ
һҶǳˣ֪ǵ
֪̣ĺ󱲵Ӵģʱ;ˣֱš
󣬲ŲյӵĻᣬ֮ǡ
ʦү˶࣬ǻȻȥ˵ɡҶһӦҪˣæ˵
ҲϣԼݱ¶׼ͨӵݼ벹أԵ˵ͷ
ҶһŲһص˲̵´
˷׷׹ݼ
òΣϾǰЩ󱲵ӣһΪʦүߵöࡣ


1550 վ
ò״ˣҶһ˵˺֮⣬Ҳͨӵݽ벹̣Ժ͵ʶҾˡ
ôУһԵʦүϾʦү˲̣ôһͨء
ֵ½ǻ½Ҷǳ˲̣ҡ
ı֡ΪҲһΪѡ
Ц˵Ǿ͵ʶҾˣҪ˵Ƕ֪ҶٴĺӣǱͲʶ
⻰˵ġ
һЦ
ҶһЦ˵Ȼʦүô˵Ǿʦүİɣʦʦүȥ˵Ӿסĵطɡ
ãԪ˵ͷŴŲ뿪
ΪҶһɵҪʦүȺ˵һ飿
ҪȻأλϹǲ˵ǲӦʦүԼҲİ
ҶһЦ˵һ˵ͦãʦүɺܶࡣңʦү츳ֻҪӴԴܿͻġ
˵գҶһС˵С壬ʦүһЩԴȥʦү츳ǲԺһλƬʥˣǾʦүˡ
Ĳ֮УҶǳʥ⣬ëС塢ǶǿλƬʥġ
ҶǳͽܰɣԺҲҪڵλƬʥ
ΨвԲλƬʥ

ʦүķ粨Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
ȻһʼЩͼʱ䳤ˣҲôˡ
粹ĻҶһЩ˶֪ٴĺӣ˴˳ϵ֮⣬඼ʶ
ȲĵظȺ˵һһʱҲͲٶעˡ
ĵҶǳԼҶҵǾǾսǳս
Ҷǳ˵λҶҵȱѾ̤˻ǿչ·
Ҷǳڻǿչ·֮УȴûҵλҶȱϢ
ҲѾˣҲѾͨǿչ·˻½
ҶǳбҪȥһҶҵȱҶһ̵ĵӣʼڻ½ش̽˵Ϣ

ʱһιĺܿ졣
ʮ֮Ҷһʮ߻ӵԼʱˡ
Ҷһǰִ۶ʮ߻ӡ
Ҷ֣Ȼʱʮ߻ӿҶһǳˡ
Ҷһؿһʮ߻ӣ֪Ϊʲôʱδǰʮ߻ȴһǿвУڰǰǸûеġ
ǣʮ߻ӵΪȴû٣Ǵʥڡ
ɴ˿ɼʮ߻Ӻܿ׼ʲô
ȻΪʮ߻Ӹ˺ܴĴۡ
֣Գ𣿡Ҷһʵ
ʮ߻ҡҡͷЦ˵ٵһ
ţֲ˵ֻһ𣿡ҶһԲ
ʮ߻ӿЦ˲ǰҵģලҵģҶЭ񡣡
Ҷһ㶣զҲ̫˰ɣල㡣
û취˭ҽأɲס
ʮ߻̾˿漴Ҷһ֣صҶ֣ܲ񣬾Ϳˡ
İɣ˵ʵɱһħʥаյġҶһЦ˵
ʮ㣬ΪﵽСʥ۷壬ټһʥ֣սѾȴʥˡ
ټܹ˵սҶһԼаպʹʥ۷ǿ߿⡣
ʮ߻ӵʵҲֻ֣Ҫʥ۷ǿߣԿԽĥ
ţ
ȻҶһ͵ػͷȥ
һ̣ͫȻһ
ΪĲԶһӲ֪ʱˣȻһӦûС
ǿù죡Ҷһо
ʲôʱֵģȻһ㶯ûв
ң˵ΪʵҲ͸
Ҷһֻоһ޼ʵǿգͷ
վǰʱʮ߻æӹ
һʥǿߣĻӣпδȻôضһ
Ҷһ²⣬˿һλǿĹʥ
ҶǳǰҶһҲ漴
ʥֵһ
Ҷǳռ֮𣿻ʥȻ츳
ӿվӶ԰˵ͷ漴Ҷһд͸ҶһȻ
˿̣ҶһֻоԼȫ¶վӸ͸ˣЩΣС
ף˵ջΪʲôûиܵ𣿡վӺȻ¶֮ɫ
ҶһоԼûлȻվӸˣһҲֲ̫˰ɡ


1551 ʥ
վӵĻҶһ𶯲
ԼĵϸȻ͸ˣ
˵۹̫ˡ
ҶһһƬȴǱֵķǳ򶨣Цÿ˶ÿ˵ܣǰǻǿɡ
ЩƺЩվ̽ĵϸ
Աߵʮ߻ЩĿɿڴصɴ۾һȻôһλʥ˵δҲ̫˰ɡ
ѵͲ¿վһ
ʮ߻ӵĿվæ˵վǰǸϽɡ
Ǻǣе˼
վйâһ漴ʮ߻ӵ˵ͷЦҶˣ˵㻹пܳΪһδ
Ǿǰĸʮ߻Ц
վ漴˻֣һƬɫĹâʱʮ߻ӺҶһ档
ҶһһƬɫĹâǿռ֮һǷǳŨĿռ֮
תͷվӣзǳ˻ǿֲһ֣ܵôӴĿռ֮
˵ԷֻҪһ֣ܽɱˣ
Ҷһױȡ
ǹʥʵ
ôоɷǿܶࡣ
˵վӣڹʥ֮жǶǿߣ
Ҷһɵæѯʮ߻ӣ֣λվǰǺҲ
Ҳҿǿ󣬷ɲڿվλʥǰᱻԷȡ
ǺǣҶ֣㻹ǹªţĿռʥ֪
ʮ߻ЦЦ漴͵λվǰųƿռʥǻ½ϵһʥҲʥǿһйʥ
ͬʱҾŸʦʱʥΪʱչʥ֣һλʥս·硣
˻
ʮ߻ӵĻҶһ𾪣һƬ
վӾȻǿ
ǿĹʥ֮һ
ʱʥ֣Ȼɵʥ
ǻ½۷ǿ߰
ˣ֣ŻӵʦʱʥǲǾʱˣҶһȻʵ
ʱΰ壬ҶһͶʱ˺治ѡ
ݷλʱʥʱٵĵá
ֻǺԼ;ŻӵжԣȴǾŻӵʦӦòкӡҲֻա
ʱʱʥƵʥʮ߻Ե˵ͷ
ҶһԲŻӾȻܹʦʱʥһϣƺѷɫһЩ
ϴλؾ֮пʱʥȻԸʱŻӻ˵ԾŻӻǺӵġ
ʮ߻ӵʦûʱʥôˡ
ƺ֪Ҷһ룬ʮ߻ӿЦŸ츳ǿټһԱһõԴá
Ÿǰһֱѹһϴ㽻һλƬҲܷѹ
ʮ߻ӿҶһһм˵ҪлҶ֣Ҫô֮λǳ롣
ǺǣҶһЦЦ˵ȴǰâһ
һ̣Ѿ뿪˵۶һƬߵĴϡ
صĲԶһʯšʥ桯֡
ôǴ˵أ
ҶһǰЩϤĵطɵ¶֮ɫ
ʥطİ
ǵñ½ãʥŵˣȻܵʥǿߵ׷ˡ
һΣʥŵǿ߽ʥ棬ʥĹ򣬽׷ʥǿһһնɱ
Ҳһ֮󣬱Ž
ҶҲʥ棬ŶҲˣҶ֮ǰùʥĹ򣬽ʥŵ׷նɱ
ʮ߻Ц˵ȻҶǳǰľ̽˽
Ҷһҡҡͷû⣬Ͼⶼϵ飬ʮ߻ӵ̽һ¾֪ˡ
Ҷһǣʮ߻ôʥˡ
£ҶһָǰʥʵѵҪҵħʥĳѨʥ棿
ʮ߻ЦҶּȻʥ棬͸ʥĹʥ֮Уһʥ˽˵ΪᱻѹƵ硣
Ҷһ˵ͷͬ磬ʥŵЩǿնɱ
ΪˣЩħŻڴ˵ء
ʮ߻Ӽ˵Ҷ뿴ЩħѾǴɾǲڻ½ĸطһǷֻ֣·һΨʥǲܹӲд
ΪʥʹЩʥǹʥ̤㡣Ϊһڴ˵ص䵽磬ҲпܻᱻħɱϾħǳǿͬҪǿһЩ
ҶһͷΪһѹƵͬһ磬ӵƵħǿһЩףʥҵѹƷС
ʮ߻ԹЦҶְæԭˣʥ֮УҶֵʵһĹʥǿ


1552 ·
Ҷһǰʥ棬ʱֻҪʥ̤Уʥеһ鶼ᱻѹƵ硣
ȻΪȻԱѹƣȴ޷ѹơ
Ͼ߱ս޷ѹơ
£ʥҶһռݾ޴ơ
Ͼǿսʥڡ
ЩʥΪѹƵ磬ǵҶһǿ
ʥȻƾãǵҲûмܹʥ˾硣
Ҫʥʵ̫ˡ
ǿ幦ʥˡ
ҶһɵÿԶĿվӣλųƿռʥǿߣǰʥ淢
֪λϵǿʥˣǷʥ
Ҷһ֪ҪʥѣЩʥʥ֮꣬УһЩǿ幦Ҳпܽʥ˲Ρ
ֻڳʥ֮ѶȻࡣ
ˣҶһλռʥʥˣҲֻܸԼ൱
߰ɣҶ֣ǽȥɣʥ֮ˣǾͿҶˡ
ʮ߻Ц˵ħѨħʥʥ֮еƬ֮СϾȻǿ󣬵Ҳʱʱ̱̿ѹơ
Ҷһ˵ͷ˵ˣ֮԰ϳʥ渽Լ֡һйʥʥϮǾܹʱʥ档ʱ򣬴ҵΪѹƵ˵磬ǾͲʥ͹ʥˡ
ԣħӵʥԭ򡣡ʮ߻˵
ҶһЦЦЩħģʥ֮Уǵƺܴ
½мʥʥ
οЩ˷ͬҲ
ңħ֮Ҳʥģ֮ʥĸࡣ
ʥ֮УħǾռϷ磬ٲ½
뵽Ҷһɫ࣬񣬲֮еôס
ãǽȥɡ
Ҷһʮ߻ӵ˵ͷ漴һ̤ʥ֮С
Ǳʥˣһ̤ʥ棬ϾʥĹ򲨶һΪ˲䱻ѹƵ˵硣
ʮ߻ӸܵһʵɵÿЦǿֻǿӳսͿҶˣһ·Ͽ²ȱħϮ
һԣҶһŵģʵûѹƶ٣ֻǸо࣬ɿԷӳСʥ۷ս
ǫˣʵԷӳʥս
߰ɣҪҵĵطʥʮ߻ӵͷ漴ǰ·
Ҷһͷ˿һʥĿվӣʮ߻ʵпվǰţӦòе˸鷳ɡ
Щɻ󣬿վҡڵظǺ棬˭
һ⿼Ѷǽͺܶˣ
ʮ߻ЦҡͷҶ֪վڿռһϣѾﵽ˳뻯һľ硣
ǺҡڵţʵѾĳռ֮Уֻǹǿѣǿġ
𣿡Ҷһ𾪡
վѾĳռ֮У
ôһ㶯ûУ
Ҷһæ̽ѰȥŲվӷ֡
Ͼδﵽ˵۷壬ֻЩʥܸ൱
ֻҪβҶһ޼ɵ̽ˣ˷֡
ȻҶһԵ͹λռʥ
Ҷһ̽վӵʱһϤʱҶһԺ𣺡СһҪ̽ҵĵϸ̤ʥ˵
ǿվӵ
Ҷһ۾һɣԶĿվӣվҲЦЦؿ
Ҷһĵ׾æת̽վӡ
һֲ̫ˡ
ԷξȻҲﵽ˵۷塣
˲ʥ֮ǿһйʥʥҲԶˡҶһ뵽
ղ̽վӵʱҶһֿվվĵطһƬޣûκζڡ
ȻλռʥȷѾĳռ֮УڿֻǶԷɵͶӰ
ʮ߻ԣǿվҪǿǿվӵġ
ǣ˵ʵվ൱ǳԽվӲܹ
ȻҶһڲΧڡ
Ҷ֣վǰֻǼලǣֻҪûףͲԤǡ
ʮ߻ЦŸҶһ͵ڣ
Ҷһ˵ͷ
ڴʱҶһȻͣסŲؿǰ
ôҶ֣ʮ߻ӼˣҲͣסŲɫɨǰһʵеˣ
Ҷһ˵ͷ漴һЦؿǰмɣľﵽ˵۷壬ҵġ
Աߵʮ߻ӵ֪ҶһΣʱ𾪵ĵɴ۾
۷壿
ʮ߻зһľϾȻôߵ츳
Ҫ֪ɴʥˣľŴﵽγڶѡ
֪Ҳ͵۷ɡ
Ǹ̬ʮ߻Ӱֹ
ͬʱǰȻǿϢӵصһɳ죬Ҷһʮ߻ӵ档


1553 ˫
ǰӣӻһģһϴ·һһģӿ̳ġ
Ƿ
Ҷһ۾ǿѾ̽Էĵϸ֪겻һˣǸһҲֳ
Ҫ֪ͱһꡣ
ǰˣȻһΪҲһǵȴһ
Ȼһ˫̥
Ҷһдž֮ɫ½ôãǵһμô˫̥
˵Ϊ磬Ѿﵽ˴۷Ρ
ֻǣ۷壬͸ǣ
˫ǣ
ʱԱߵʮ߻۾һɣɫضǰһ˫̥ԭǣ֪˭𣿾ңҹ
ʶǣҶһ
ʮ߻ӵ˵ͷ漴һ˫̥ڻ½ܴܵ䣬һͿ˸ĸǿ塣
⻹û꣬ǰʦѧյʱݵɶǸˣһʮɣЩȫ⣬Ǹˡ
ҶһĿɿڴתͷǰһ˫̥˵һɷǰɣ
˭ʶ㰡ʮ߻ӣǰøոս˴ʥ硣
˫еһ˵ȻʶǣǾϹأϵʥ
ˣŪңʮ߻ӣ϶һʥͨʥŪǡ
ʮ߻ûðɣŭ֪ʮ߻ӣǻңҲðʥϡ
У
˫һмʥˣҪʥ档ʥ֮Уʥˣƨ
ʶľ͸ϽʥȻĻֵܽղһʥҲǵһθˡ
˫һ㶼ûʮ߻ӷ
ʮ߻ɫǳѿûж֣ǶԱߵҶһҶ֣ͷˣһȻֻǴ۷壬һģʥ֮ҲܹӳȫսҲǵĶ֡
ʥ֮Уʥȷ˫ǵĶ֡
ѹΪӡ֮һΪΪˮ
ȻҲ幦ǰûӣֻ൱ڴѡ
˫۷壬Ȼ
ʮ߻Ҳ£Ҷһʥ˭
İɣѡյʮ߻ӵĴҶһذ˰֡
˵СʥҲ⡣
˫ǻ֪Ҷһǻвǿ㣬ʥ棬ָȱˣʥٶ࣬Ҳ¡
ֵȻǵһδʥˣһ˼ɶûС
ҶһһؿǣʵǴʮ߻ӣѵͲǵ鷳Ȼʥ棬ô󣬿϶ҵһЩǿߡ͵Ĺʥǡ
С˭˫еһ˲ؿҶһ
һˣһмؿҶһߵǿ󣬲ûɱʮ߻ӣʲķôǲʥɱǡ
ңʥĿռƬȥˣֻҪһ㣬ʥҲҵǡ
ҶһǴֻ٣ɱˣҲûкһЩޣҲķѴСò˵Ǵ
˫ƲٷϻǵƨҲŹǵġ콻ʥȻɱʮ߻ӣɱСආǿԵġ
Сආʮ߻ԣɵùЦˣȻСආҶûӡ
˫һɻؿҶһһѵͷܴ󣬱ʮ߻ӻҪ
ҶǳȻ½˫һֱʥ֮УõϢǴӽʥ֪ġ
ˣȻ֪ҶǳĴڣȴʶҶǳ
ǺǣǻʶҶ֣ҲգҾ͸۵ļһһ¡
ʮ߻һЦƿһؿ˫ǣ˵λҶ֣ҶǳûŰɣ
Ҷǳ
ʥҶǳ
˫ԣʱͫһ
ţǻâգۼʧǰ
ܵõͦ죡ʮ߻һ
ԱߣҶһһЦƳǰ̽գһӾͰܵ˫Ǹץ˻
ʥǰܣ׳𣡡ʮ߻ֻؿǰ˫ǣϷŰղŲǺܿٸһ
˫Ҷһ
ôҲû뵽ʥϡٵĴڣȻǸˡ
Ҳ̫ùˡ


1554 
ҶǰҲҴˡ
ҶĹһΡ

˫ǷǳûҸҶһײϽġ
Ȼǿ󣬵ʥҶһǰǸСûʲô
ʱֵǺˣΪصһ㣬û뵽һ㣬Ǹˡ
ǵСͱҶһУҶһǻͻ
˫磬ҲֵܲƤֱӹġ
Ҷ֣ʱˣֱǰɡʮ߻Ա˵
ղֵǰвǳȻǰͲ
Ҷ
˫ʮ߻ӵĻæģͲҶһͷϴˡ
ҶһЩǵһμôûϵĴ治֪ôģһǿߵûС
ˣҶһʵɱǣԼ֣ߵҪ𣿼򵥣Щʥ
˫Щɣǿǵ
ǾʹǵʥһµɣҶһƽ˽һǿӿֳ˫ǶϢˡ
Ǹ˫ǸܵĽӽæ
վСʥҪ
ûʥǵʵԺܼʥʥˡ
ûСǾͳ군ˡ
ˣ˫æϵʥ˳һ˽ʥСʥ
Ҷһ״˵Ƿģ˵ԼûʥˣȻԶ޷ʥ
˫һЦ
֪Լֵˡ
ȻǾʥңԶֵôܸҷģлڴԺܹʥġ
û취˫ֻܽеʥ˳
ʥʮһСʥҶһĿɿڴ
һԣʮ߻ӣ̲סһ𾪵ʥô׬ǮһﻹֻǴ۷壬Ҷ٣ǲԺͿԸɵйˣ
Ҷһʮ߻һۡ
ô˵ģ
Լò̽½ĵһţܹʥһǿʥ
˫ڻ½׳ˣټֵǣ޹ңԲ
ҶһɲУв̣ôôҪ
Сʶࡣ
Ҷһ˻֣ǰʥȫ
зǳˣû뵽ʥ棬ôջ
ôʥܳһʱ䣬ǲ̵ʥ˶ȱʥˡ
ҶԷ뿪˰ɣ˫ʵ
Ҷһ˰֣˫Ƕʱɴ⣬뿪ȴҶһڵһȡ
˫ǶʱСؿҶһ
ҶһЦҪЩʥ𣿡
˫ǲ֪Ҷһ룬ڨڨ͸Ҷֵ֤û˼
Ҷһ֪ˣҡͷˣǷϻˣǽһ⣬ҪŵСʥħֻҪץһܴﻻһСʥ
ģ˫ǵɴ۾ϲ
棬ǼСʥħͷܣʥ֮УСʥħȻҲ˻ѷɫһҪ׽лġ
Ȼģ
Ҷһǰ˫ǣ˵СʥħԴﻻһСʥһʥħѨҲԴﻻһСʥ
һΪ˫æ˵
²СʥħЩѶȣǷִʥħѨûѶˣҪɱȥֻҪҵˣȫûΣ
Ҫ֪˫ô꣬ǶʥϤ̶ȣЩħѷɫ
˲֪ħѨȴ֪һЩ
ֻЩħѨڿռƬ֮УɲʥѹΪɲҽȥ̽
Ҷ֪ʥħѨھȥλãȻ󻭺õͼ㡣˫еһ˷ܵ
Ҷһ˵ͷЦ˵һȥʱ򣬻·ǵʱҾˣҵ
ͷҶǵʱһǰȺڴˡ˫æ˵
漴ֵܾʹҴȥˡ
ʮ߻һֱԱ߿ţ˫ȥɵúҶ֣Ҫħʥ˼ķ²Ҫȡǵʲôʥ𣿡
ɡҶһӦһܣɲ߱ˡ
ʮ߻Ӽ״֪ҶһܣҲûм׷ʣҶһǰ·
úʮ߻ͣסŲɫصָһգҶ֣ħѨڴ˵أҪͷͨ
ҪħѨͨʥ˼ڱѹΪû
Ҷһ˵ɣλ꣬ǰһȭ¶һڰĿռͨ
̤С


1555 Ѷ
ڰ֮ͨУҶһǰţͬͥɢû˿ǡ
ǸҶһʮ߻ӣԵ÷ǳ衣
ǷܹΪĴ¹ŬδȨƣȻǳ棬˿⡣
֣һ㣬Ӧòôʥ۷弶ħ
ҶһƳ˽ŵʮ߻һۣЦŰο
ʮ߻ӿЦ˵ʥ۷ˣǴʥڵħҲɱ
ǺǣǿδأҶһ΢΢һЦϴš
֮ǰȷûջɱʥڵħ
ѾﵽСʥ۷徳磬սʥڣټȥˣаպʥڵħġ
ţҶֿİ
ʮ߻¶֮ɫҶһһţȻӵжԸʥǿߵİա
Ҷǳʲôʱôǿ
ʮ߻Щɻ
ѵʥ֮ʵһαڣ
أ
˼֮ʣѾִͨħѨ
ף
һħѨҶһ¶֮ɫ
ΪħѨǰħѨͬ˵ǲܴ
ǰħѨǻ찵صģǰħѨȴǺ沢ʲô
йɭ֣гӣҲк󡭡
͵磬ѰħѨϵ
ʮ߻ƺҶһеɻ֮Ц˵ҶǲǾħѨǰħѨһ
Ҷһ˵ͷ
ʮ߻΢ЦħҲϲסĵطֻڻ½ǱǱƵû취ֻܶڵصǸĵطʥ棬ЩռƬ湹ħѨȻõıǷ֡
ҶһȻ
ڻ½ʱЩħ޷ڿռƬ棬һΪ½ĿռȶɹõĿռƬ١
Ϊ½йʥʥĳǿߣЩǿ߻ӵǾڿռƬ棬Ҳ޷ӹЩǿߵ̽顣
ʥͲһˣʥ͹ʥһǲʥģϾ˵Σա
˵ĴʥСʥʵһЩҲ޷ֶڿռƬħѨ
ǰħѨΪ˿ʮ߻ӣصÿվλʥһʥ棬֪̽ħѨ
ֻ˵ħѨùɣվѡˡ
Ҷ֣ħʵΣ
ʮ߻漴ʵ
֪ҶǳľΪߣ֮վӶԿ϶̽ħѨЩħʥ˸֡
ʵϣҶһڽ֮󣬾ѾڿʼͷԼˡ
ʮ߻ӵѯʣҶһʵУһʮħСʥħʥħʥһǴʥڣһǴʥڡ
ʮ߻һЦãлУҶ֣ôǿߣôԸʱδҲ̫˰ɣ
ҶһħʵУǸԼʵģʮ߻ӣûҶһôǿʵ
ԣʮ߻Ӷˡ
վǰҵħѨδҲ̫˰ɣǰе𣿡ʮ߻̲סź˵
ȻվӵӰµõվһǸ档
Ȼʮ߻ӵĻº֮б㴫վӵЦʮ߻˵ЦˣҸԩ޳㣿ֻǿ鴢һֱѶȣֻ̫żˣٵһʱ䣬ﵽʥ۷ʱȻͨĿ顣
ʮ߻ӿЦȷﵽʥ۷ʱ򣬵ȷпͨ񿼺ˡ
ֻǣʱ䰡䡣
Ҫ֪ɲֹһ˶Դ֮λȤ
һŻﻢ
ȻһλƬȾŻһʱˣŻһ׷
ԣҪıǳȵʱɴ񣬿ٽ֮λýŻӵ롣
뵽ʮ߻תͷҶһһڴʵҶ֣а𣿡
ȻҶǳֻһСʥʮ߻Ҳֻܰϣϡ
ȻҲҶǳ漣̫ˣʮ߻Ӻ
һ㣡
ҶһĿ˸ҵǵսʮСʥ֮󣬾Ͳֵһᡣʥܲסһʱ䣬ʮСʥֶԸǡ
ҶһʵԼаնԸЩħʥˣֻϣһħʥˣԲҪʮ߻ӵϡ
סʥ
ʮ߻ԿЦҶ֣δҲ̫˰ɣǿʥһǴʥڣֻһʥڣҵĴʥҲԷӳʥڵսѡ
ҶһȴǲţЦ˵ֱ˵ЦˣΪʮ߻ӣûһƣҹٿԷӳʥڵս


1556 
ʮ߻ӵʵҶһûСԸȻֻһʥڣΪǿĻӣûһƣ
˵һθռʮ߻ʱԷ͸һвС
Ҫ֪Ҷһ磬ֱǷǳġ
ʮ߻ӼȻвǾ˵ʮ߻ŴʥڵսС
ֻǴʥڣٱҶһ֮󣬿ҲֻǱһĴʥǿһ㣬вսﵽʥڵҶһ
Ҷ֣㡭
ƺû뵽Ҷһ۹˶Ȼ͸Լʮ߻̾ϢһЦðɣҿʱסħʥʱޣöֿһ㡣
ģʮħСʥһûаǷҶһš
ڵʵ㲻磬ѹʮħСʥοİء
¡¡
ڴʱǰǿϯ
Ҷһʮ߻Ӷһۣ֪Щħʥ˸ˡ
ԷƿħѨô꣬û˽Ȼᷢ֡
һɹǿʥϢ֮кƵʱô˵طƱɫ׵˸⡣
һ̣Զ֮УʮǿӰƿնǵϢǳǿ󣬳˿ռ䣬ôضڰݳ١
˭
ַҵأ

һ˫˫ɫЯһɾħҶһʮ߻ɨӶ
Ϊ׵λħʥһһŮһԷޡ
ʮħСʥҲһɱضҶһʮ߻ӡ
˫âһ
Ҷ֣ʮ߻תͷԱߵҶһ
ڴʱʮ߻ӿҶһˣԭڵӣȻ˲ɫ
һ̣һεϯȥסƬռ䡣
ǻþʮ߻Ȼ
ԷþȻô򵥣ҿԷûȻڿѾڻþ֮ˡ
ְ֣ɣҶһͻȻȵͬʱѾó񽣣ǰλħʥɨȥ
ǲ
ҫʮݣ
Ҷһһǳ£ȫһӳ˴ʥڵ۷ս
һԭشǰħʥ
ǣ˿̣ħʥȴҶһסˣǵĴ
ȵħʥһʱҶһеѾǵնˡ
ʲô
Ӻ󷽸ʮ߻ӣһĻʱš
ǿʥħһǴʥڣȻҶһһնϡ
Ҷһʵôǿ
֣ѾˣӦøסǡҶһЦŶʮ߻Ӵ
Ҷַİɣʮ߻ӵ˵ͷؿҶһһۡ
ԼСλ½ĵһţԷʵ֮⡣
ԺøùϵһǱ̫ˡʮ߻а롣
һ̣ύҶǳΰסѡ
ɱ
ԶҶһٴγĿͻʮħСʥ
𣡡ʮħСʥҲӦǿԼλ³ȻСҶһæսֵֵҶһ
ϧǵʵ̫ˣʮ֣ҲסҶһһ֮
˺
ҶһһգǿĽЯնһе˺ʮλħСʥɵս
һǳԵһǰ޿ɵֵ
ʮħСʥҶһɱĽڽڰˣƬ֮ͱҶһش׷Ѫɳȥ
Ҷһſ磬סЩħʥˣѳȥ
һҶһѡջе񽣣ǿӡʼӡЩħСʥ
ЩħСʥѾشˣʹôʥֱӾնɱԷˣǾ͵òʧˡ
Ҷһ׽ء
ٿһߡ
ʮ߻ӱǳǵһֶԸǰħʥ󣬶ʱ±ˡ
Ϊħʥ̫ǿˣ̫ˡ
ͣ
ʮ߻ȫһֱӾͰħʥشѪɡ
һĻʮ߻ֱۣţôô
ǵģоħʥ̫ˡ
ͺԸʥڵħһ
Ҫ֪ħһǴʥڵħһҲǴʥڵħôô
ѵþ
ʮ߻еһ
þôֲ
ͬʱ֮йսĿվӣҲ¶Ծ֮ɫ
þ
վâ貣ɫâҪǰԶĻþ
ǣվȴ֣Ȼ͸þ
ͷ·þʵģõġ
˻þֱǰδ
վɫҶһʱһ֣
󱲵ĻþЩϵǿ
Լ̤У¶ᱻһ
ǿĻþǵһμ
ӵǿĻþҶһͬ磬˭ƥУ


1557 
ʮ߻ӺͿվӵ𾪣Ҷһ˿ʮħСʥʵڷӡǡ
һħʥ֮ҶһսѾﵽ˴ʥڣ˿̶Ը𼸸ʵħСʥֱҪ̫ˡ
һʮħСʥͱҶһӡˣԱĻᶼûС
ΪǺҶһʵ̫ˡ
һĻԱߵĿվӣʮ߻ӶĿɿڴ
ǿʮʥ˰ʲôèȻһӸ׽ˡ
ʮ߻ӺͿվӸеǳ˼顣
ʲôʱʥ˲εǿߣô׾ͱ׽ˣ
һзǳ˳֣һҰɡҶһһ׽ʮħСʥзǳˣʮ߻߷
ʮ߻ӿҶһû˿ԼϴŮħʥ뿪λﵽʥڵħʥøҶһ
ǲ
Ҷһֳ񽣣ֱһħʥԷ嶼ˡ
ħʥһʵĶ֡
һߣʮ߻Ҳǳ׵ѹסŮħʥ
Ӯˡʮ߻ӲɵôЦ
û뵽ôѵ񣬾Ȼܹɹ
ȻһжҶһ
ʮ߻תͷҶһо̾ѡ
Ҷһʵ̫ǿˣʵǿܿþˡ
ҶһæʵҶˡ
ɱˣһʥҲôõЧ
֣Ӧҵ顣Ҷһʮ߻Ӵ
ڶʮ߻˵ǳɹˡ
ħʥ
ǣҶһ˵ҪĲɱħʥҪ׽ǡ
ħʥܹñ۳ʥķ
ټҶһԼʱʥķˡ
붼ޱȼ
Ҷһħʥ
Ҷ֣ɱף²ѰʮħСʥʵ̫ûԱħʥʱпԱġʮ߻ԿЦ
ҶһżħҲǲ򲻵ѣ϶ǲѡԱġ
ȷħʥȻҶһʮ߻ѹסˣǻϣûѡԱ
˿̣ħʥȼħ֮һߵֵҶһʮ߻ӵĹһ߳ԶħѨȥ
ǿʥȻʵǿ󣬵ǵ϶Ȳħʥ
ҶһһĻɵþϲæʮ߻Ӵ֣ҪȥʥĹѹǵΪ
ʮ߻˲Ҷһ˼Ц׳գΪǵǿҪȥʥĹԸǡ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦò˵ħʥʵǷǳġ
ˣһǳȥпܱǸɱ
Ͼħǿħʥӽʥˡ
һ뿪˵أʥ֮Уʱʮ߻ӵΪͱѹƣħʥĶ֡
ϧͦȴǵ͹Ҷһ
ʥܹӳս
һȥˣҶһ
ϾʱħʥѹƵʥΣʵҶһǰԱʸûˡ
£Ҷһʮ߻Ӷһۣ˷׷һЩʵħʥҵᣬŲԶħѨͨȥ
ûᣡ
ȥ
úħʥâʢץסҶһʮ߻ӵһΡʧ󡯣ӽħѨĶͨڡ
׳ϵˡʮ߻ӴЦ
Ҷһ˰ֱ֣ӷɽͨڡ
ʮ߻ȴûмųȥΪһȥʵ̫ˣħʥĶֻ֣Ҷһ鷳
ʱ䣬ʮ߻ӰħѨɨһߡ
һԶ֮еĿվӶʱ¶Σһؿʮ߻ӣҡͷɵҲ̫ˣûжһ㿼á
ǰҿǰչ£ܲܲɡʮ߻Ӷʱˡ
վӰ˰֣ЦİɣǹأȻչذ¡Ҫ֣Ҳֵֻܹƶصĵһʱ£û뵽СʥҶǳôǿ
ҶǱ̬ĻþֱȫԺɨͬסʮ߻һͬظ̾
վ۾ʮ߻ӣȻôܿĴˣʱµλá
ʮ߻ԣʱЩˣŬô꣬ΪĲһ
ΪҪΪ濼ǣҶǳĻþǳ취ֻ̳þĹվӿʮ߻ӣ
ʮ߻һ漴Цºѣȹδػύܱܲɡ
˵оѪȥûշͱѪ̸ɱˡվ˵
ʮ߻˿˵ͷ԰ɡ
ЩΣʵҶǳΪС
ףһ֪Ҷǳþ϶Ҫõ
ΪĴÿ档


1558 ù˫
ħʥҶǳһǰһ뿪ħѨʥ֮С
ʱʥĹ򣬱ϡ
СӣȻ׷ֱħʥź׷ҶһɵЦ
ŮħʥߵϻˣʥѾ¶ܼڴ˵ˣǵȥطٴοһʥء
ãħʥӦһ׷Ҷһɱȥ
ţԼֻҪһоܻɱҶһ
ΪЩʥˣһʥѹΪ֮ԷӳսĶ֡
ǣҶǳ֮󣬳׾±ˡ
ΪҶһһƾͰķˣɵؾͽӡˡ
ħʥֱû˿֮
ҲԷӳʥħʥҶһֿԷӳʥսĶ֡
ʥʥ棬ô
ӣʥħʥڱӡ֮ǰŲԶ𾪵Ůħʥ
ڻôãҲ֪ʥĴڣֻû뵽ᱻǸǵ˰˱ùˡ
ʲôʥ
ǸŮħʥһʱͻȻɫ䣬Ҳ룬̾תԶ
ϧʥ֮УѹΪٶҲѹˡ
Ҷǳ̽˲ͰѹסˣȻɵؾ͸ӡˡ
ȵʮ߻ӴħѨڳʱҶһѾѷӡõħʥӽԼʥ֮ˡ
ɰô׾ͻ׽ʥħҶһˡ
λ׽ħʥʵ̫ˡ
ҲΪҶһṩһ׽ħʥ֮·Ǿ´ʥħѨҵħʥ취ǱƵʥȻɻ׽ˡ
ò˵ʥڣʥ޵еĴڡ
ϲˣҶ֣ջ󡣡ʮ߻ӷ˹Ľ˵
Ҷһεȷջܴ
֮ǰ˫صʱ򣬾ʹжʥз²ʮħСʥħʥֱǴա
㲻Ҳ𣿹ϲˣĴ
Ҷһʮ߻ЦԺʣҪЯǲ̡
Ȼʮ߻ӿĵص˵ͷܹΪˣ˶롣
δʣǻ½ȨƵļ֮һ
Ҷ֣ȳȥɣȻص۶һҪףһ¡ʮ߻漴˵
Ҷһȴҡͷ֣ȻȥɣһҪʥ档
ŶΪ˫㻹ץħʥˣʮ߻һ룬ҶһĿˡ
Ҷһͷô˻ץħʥˡ
ʮ߻ȻзǳҶһΪʲôҪץôħʥˣҶһܣҲûжʣЦ˵ǺðɣҾ뿪ˣпռǵȥ۶ҡ
ãҶһ˵ͷ漴Ŀʮ߻Զȥ
ǲʮ߻ӵİΣϾеĿվӻڣڣʥ֮УҲû˿Σʮ߻ӡ
ˣҰʮ߻Ӹŵʥ
֪һ׼ûУ
ʮ߻ȥ֮ҶǳҲ˺գǰ˫Լĵط
ϵĿĵغ󣬲ûз˫ǡ
Ȼʮ߻ʱ̫ˣ˫Ƕû׼á
ҶһҲ͵ϥĵصȴ˫ǵ
֮Ǳ߻ҶҶҲż뿪ʥ档
һȣ͵꣬ſ˫еһ١
ҶһʱɻʵôôǸֵأ
˫еһ˿Ҷһ۾˵ҶҴˡ
˵꣬Ҳ̲סˡ
ǵģһ۷ǿߣȻˡ
ԴˣҶһҲܹ⡣
˫ֵܿеˣֻʣһֵΪ
һ䣬һȻܱˡ
ҶһǣֵܵʵʥǳǿħʥҲߣô䣿
׷ʲô飿ǲȥħѨˣֲץħʥˣûΣհҶǳ˵
˫ҧãһħʥʥ֮ڣҲܷӳСʥսҴԱҿҲˡ
ħʥҶһԴһ
ֵǵùˣǱԼϴˣȻħʥ治˫ǰ
Ҫ֪ʥڣħʥҲģָ
ⶼǵù
ҶҺҴǵλãһħѨǴʥħѨСʥħѨ
˫óһͼҶǳҧһħѨħʥħѨҶ츳ǿϣһܹҽնɱΪҴ籨𡣡


1559 ͻ

Ҷһ΢΢һЦʵû˫Ǳ𣬲ħʥڱصá
ϾֻҪһħʥЩ¾Ͷܴﵽʥ۷塣
ɱȻ׽ħʥǿˡ
뵽˴Ҷǳ˫ǵͷİɣлᣬһɱ
˫ǵ˵ͷҲҶһƭϾóҶһҪЩħʥˡ
һħʥҶһջ϶ǳ޴
˫֪Լû취ģֻҶһˡ
ϾҶһʥʥ֮Уȫնɱһħʥ
лҶҶܹұ𣬽ҶʲôԸһհ졣˫Ǹм
Ҷһû⣬Էһ۷ѣʥڻеôȥ˿ûжô
뵽˴ҶһóʥһʥӸ˫ǣ˵ЩʥεĹֳͣ䣬Ȱ㻹ǴЩʥ뿪ʥ棬лʥ˾硣
лҶ˫æʥкܸˡ
һʲƸ㹻Ļȫʥ˾ˡ
ҶһĿ˫Զȥ漴򿪵ͼžԼһħѨȥ
ħѨֻСʥħѨҶһִĿĵ֮û˿Ϣֱһȭ俪ͨħѨ
ܿ죬Ҷǳʹˡ
ΪħѨֻСʥħĶ֣ɾͷӡˡ
򿪵ͼҶһǰһħѨ
ʱת۹ȥ
ҶһħѨɨɾֻʣʥħѨûǰȥ
ħѨ֮УҲֻʥħѨеѶȡ
Ҷһ˼Ʋߣħʥ󣬾ɷӡǡ
⵹ҶһļƲ߶ЩħʥԼţǾʥ֮Уܹ׶ԸҶһ
ϧǲ֪ҶһʥȻǱˡ
ɨħѨ֮Ҷһͣһջ
ħѨΪ37ħСʥħʥջˣֱҶһϲ졣
֮ǰʮ߻ɨħѨڹħСʥ47⻹5ħʥ
Ҷһ鿴Լʥ֮еħʥʱϲɫ
·ʥԴǳ㹻ˣ˵ʥˣзɴʥҲ㹻ˡ
ʥ滹ǺõطҶһ̾
棬ôħѨУҲɨˡ
ֻʥ֮УЩʥʥЩħѨӶҶһ
ңҲʥ֮УҶһ׷ӡħʥ
ʥǿ˵ֱһ󱦵ء
Ҫ֪ɨôħѨ˷²Щħʥ⣬ħѨڱԴһ֣Ҷһ׬һʡ
£ҶǳǷȱԴˣ̵Դ౶㹻׳ˡ
һħѨ
Ҷһ򿪵ͼŵͼһλá
ħʥڵħѨλá
ҲһħѨ
ۼֵһλħʥļֵͱõջöࡣ
Ҷһ뵽
֪ԼڻûɨħѨ
ϾһʥħѨڣǾͱųˡ
ʵǿʥ۷ǿҲƴһƴʥħǾ·һ
οħʥ֪ʲôĹʥʥڵ޷ԸǹʥڡڵģǾ͸ˡ
˵λħʥʥһսҶһÿԲ󣬶Էǹʥǿߣ϶ܹóʥǿߣʥսġ
Ҷһ˼ţԼܽħѨܱλħʥֻ֣ܿ
ֻǣ˭ȥ
Ҫ֪ħѨڣ֪ǲֻһʥһأ
ߣ϶вħʥħСʥ
һһʥضǿö࣬սʥĶʥˡ
Ҫħʥʥ棬ҲùʥȥУʥµ˽ȥֻ·һ
ҶǳķȻ࣬ܽȥΪħʥһ۾ܿóʥǿߣ׳ղŻս
˵ħѨſڷҲʵ˭֪ħʥʲôʱǿһչأǾ¡
ǰ˫ǻħʥҶһ϶ħʥǣųնɱǵġ
Ͼ˫ʥô꣬ʹЩħ϶֪ǡ
ֻʱһȱͻƵʥ˵ţ
ȻҶһɫһ˷
ΪڸղţӦԼĴʥƿˡ
Ѿʥˡ
ҲԣѾʥڴİܹ꣬ͻҲ


1560 ǿ
֮ǡ
ʱٴڣҶǳȻһ漴һɳҵĽϱ۶Ŀҫ
ŹâģһɹɿֲƳ˯صĻɽȻһƬ˵
¡¡
ڲ֮ǶһҡΣŵóڵĲ˾
Ҷǳܿѹסɢʹ֮Ǳȹ̣֮Ǳ١
ˣɾɲ
ݣ
Ͽա
һâ븮֮ۡڡ
ëС塢ˡ
ҶǳͻƵʥĶôȻˣ̾͸˹
Сӿ϶ͻˣë˵漴һʱٴڡ
ڣҶǳ۾ǰԶëˣ΢΢Цˡ
ܲСӲ֮ǱˡëƲ
ɻؿҶǳʵѵ̫ǿˣЩƲסӦðǲһһʥģλƬʥģܿƲסԼ
ҶǳԿЦɴʥĸǿ̫ˣԲƲסںˡ
ǵģղŲƲסˡ
ʥǿĻʥҪǿ
ոճʥʱܺʹʥǿ߿⡣
ڣŴʥ۷ǿҲĶֻ֣ûиʥĿǰ޷жԼǷܹʥһս
ǿԿ϶ڹʥ±İˡ
СӣھжǿëЩ˷ܣ̲סʵ
СҲһڴ
λƬʥģʱ޷ˣԺҪ׳󣬻ǵÿҶǳ
ʥ۷ӦòҶ֣ϵƵĻԿʥ
ҶǳҲûЦ˵٣һĹʥɱҡ
̫ˣëʱ˷ǲ˸ʥıǮˡ
СҲͷһǲ̱սʥһǿʥ֮һˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦŵǾʹˣǲ̿ɱսʥǿˣˣһЩ
ëһ㶡
ҶǳЦͻˣǼ߷ҲͻƵʥˣҲʥȻʵңȴһĴʥ۷Ҫǿܶࡣ
ëһϲ˵Сӵ߷лܴʥ۷սˣ취ӻҴʥȫġתһǾͿСž߷ˡ
һԵСӹ磬пž߳Խʥ۷ķҪҲܸʥһǲ൱ӵʥ
ԱߵҲǵһʥֱ
ʵڻ½ʥ֮УǿŽǰʮˡ
ת֮䣬ǲ̾Ȼǿ̶ֳȣ
Щš
Ҵʥ
Ҷǳһмھȥ֮һˣڵʵǻҴʥʥ磬ٶķҵĶ֡
ҶǳſѹҴʥϾڹƾսͱȴʥ۷ǿʥռս¶ӽʥļˡ
ҪǣҶǳСջñ䡷ͻɱС
ҶǳţֻҪʥǿߣʹٶĴʥ۷壬ܹ֮ɨ
һȥүǰϼһѵĲңñѩޡëæ͵
СҲȥһˡ
֮ǣǵġ
Ϊ֮ǣʥ򣬶һʥˡ
ǱҶҶ
ҶǳҲͳʥˡ
ߣ
Ҷǳһ漴뿪ʱٴڳڿն뿪֮ǣŻ֮ؼȥ

ͬʱʥڵĳط
ҶǳķҶһҲڱħʥӶһ̤ʥ硣
һ̣Ҷһоǰδеǿ
˶ƣѪ֮䣬ʥ棬зɫ䣬ʱջҡ
ǿֱ̫ǿˣ
ҶһվڰУڵİ֮ɵ˷ܡ
ǿĸоԶԶ֮ǰ
ħʥ²ʥɷӡԷ
ڵʥ֮УЩʥҵĶֻ֣ʥпܸҿ⡣
Ҷһһŵ
ʥڣʥҲѹΪֻʣʥδػǿ
Ͼʥѣ¹ʥƾã㹻ʱȥҲδض԰ʥ硣
ңʥʥΣҲֻܷӳʥεսҶһĶ֡
Ǵʥ۷εʥǿߣ£ҲҶһĶ֡


1561 ʥ֮ǿ
ʥ֮УҶһյͼϵıǣһħѨǰ
ҲħʥħѨ
֮ǰҽȥȴаճһ¡
֮иӦһ£Ҷһطһ˿ռ䲨һȭ
ʱһڵĿռͨǰ
ǰĿռͨҶһһս׼С
ԵúСģһǳǰ׼·
磬Ҳ׼ˡ
ʥʵȴʥǿ̫࣬Ҷһ򿪿ռͨʱλħʥѾ֪ˡ
Ҳһ̣ԷĹˡ
ǰԽԽͨڣҶһѪڣսӿѾս׼
Խʥ۷ǿϢҲ͸ռͨ˳ȥ
ڣҶһ̤ռͨʱһͨɫħ˺գЯž֮Ҷһɱ
𣡡
ħŭ𣬾춯ء
ռ䶼ҡΡ
Զһħʥվڸ߿УضŴӿռͨ߳ҶһʥˣȻҴ˵أֱѰ·
ռ
Ҷһ˿ûλħʥǰħϸܵΣգæȫʩչռ
䣡
Ҷһϱе֮УȻ󱬷һɿֲĽ⡣
ɽĩռ֮⣬ȼգٵһ㡣
ض˺ƬҵĽâճնֻأű˰֮ɱȥ
֮䣬췭ظ嫺ӿɽɽӵ綼ڳ١
Ҷһһռˣǹռ֮޵֮⣬ħ
¡¡
ҵıը֮
һƬƬĿռ䱻顣
޴ĺɫħҶһе񽣹ᴩϬĽ˺ħѪħɱ
棡
Զħʥһ
ͬʱٿħĲԱ
䣡
µ˲ͳҶһϯ
áҶһɫ䣬æˣȴѾˡ
µԱһײҶһѪɡ
һ֮䣬ҶһͱλħʥˣԷһѡ
ʥս֮ǿҶһе𾪡
ˣ
ûж룬ҶһûˣԶĿռͨȥ
ߣûôףħʥЦ
ҶһͷҲᣬѾ׼õ磬㳯ħʥ
ʵʻ磬һӾͽƬˣȻҲϮħʥС
ţ
ħʥüͷһ塣
оΧľһӸıˡ
˲䣬ȷǻþ
ĻþҶˣǿĻþھԵǰҲ
ħʥһǿսϯħѨ
ҶһҲŤ
ħʥȻˣɱ˽ӽɵ
ʱҶһѾӵռͨˡ
ħʥ֪޷Ҷһɵһ䣬ȫļݺݵسҶһȥ
ȥɣ
ħʥ
ȫǿһݺݵغҶһ
Ҷһܵľɵͫһæѷɫռͨڡ
һɿֲռͨըˡ

ʥ棬ħѨ⡣
ҶһѪǱشһռƬ˳
ҶһڴڿѪ
ɴ˿ɼжôء
治ǹʥ±ҵսɲܹġ
ҶһЩй
ʥ
ԭΪԼ򲻹ʥҲܹߡ
ڿ֧Уͻᱻʥնɱ
ңóλħʥֻǹʥڵǿߣ֮ɷǶ硣
һʥȻôǿ
ôɷǸжǿ
վĶʥжǿ
Ҷһһ̾üǱҲ޷ЩĹʥ⡣
ȱﵽʥ۷С
ʱЩҲܹﵽʥ۷塣
ʱǵսؾʥˡ
һ￴Ѿ֪ʥˣ
ҶһϥħѨ⣬һ߻ָһߴŲԶħѨ
λħʥû׷
ȻԷѾʥ֪ʥ֮вĶ֣Բҳ
ֻôһ뿪֮һƻħѨߡ
ҶһüͷͻȻЩðսȥˡ
òҵһʥħѨӵˣԺҾˡ
ϾʥħҲǴײˣʲôʱġ
Уߣ
Ҷһ
ڵսʥ֮УЩʥ޵еġ
ħʥ޷ߡ
Ҷһ漴۳һ߻뿪ʥ棬ȥ˵ص֪
Ͼʥ֮ڣ޷Ϣġ


1562 ٻҴʥ
֮ء
׼ȥһҴʥҶǳȻͣסӣ򿪻硣
Ӻëʱɻô˭㷢Ϣˣ
Ҷһģʥջˣһħʥħʥſڣʱ޷뿪ɷȥϵĶ
ҶǳЩ˷ܵ˵
ħʥҶһεջ񣬾ͳ
47ħСʥ5ħʥ
ˣʮ߻Ƿ3ħСʥ
ջʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳξŴܳʥˣɴʥпܡ
Ҷһʱ޷뿪һ߷ȥȡЩħʥˡ
Ҷǳ֮ͨǵҶҶҶȥʥɡ
ҶҲʥˣȻСʥڣȥʥ滹аȫ֤ġ
ʲôʥħʥ񾪺
ҲҶǳʥ棬ǵطҲ֪һЩֻû뵽оȻħʥ
ҿǵʱûб֣Ȼˡ
ʵҲ룬Ǹʱǣʵ̫ˡ
ƾħǣɱǣϾǵʱûнʥڲΧ
ЩħǲȥΧġ
ιιιˣڲǾʥʱ򣬶ҶһȻħʥſڣѵʵıȼʥ𣿡ë𾪵˵
СعҲһ𺳡
ǿֻҶǳһ߷ôǿ
ҶǳҡͷЦѵʥĹ棬ʥ˻ᱻѹΪֻܷӳսʥҶһȻħʥ
ʵϣҶһѾħѨһΣ㱻ħʥɱˣҲҽȥˣʥʵҪǿ
Ҷǳ̾
ҲС˹ʥ
ô죿ħʥܹķﵽʥ۷徳磬ɲܷ˵
ëҲ˵ȻܷŹ˭֪ڻʣ¼ħʥ壬ûǸˡ
ҶǳͷȻܷŹҶһھħѨ⣬ȷħʥ޷ߣʵǿһЩȥ
ҶһħʥҶǳԵ÷ǳɣз·á
ȴӻҴʥõġתһܹ߷㹻ˡ
Ϊ֮Ҳֻˡͷ
ëЦȥһҴʥϻ쵰ġתһС߷ȻͰĴʱٴչɡ
ҶǳͷҲôġ
ʱоŴ㹻жˡ
Ϳʱٴ塣
˴ʥ磬ѶԽԽҪʥ磬ʱٴİƶһС
˵һ
Ҷǳ˵һһ¡
ڶûһꡣ
ң⻹ֻǹʥȵʥΣҪʱ͸ˡ
ҶǳЩ
õлᣬһҪȥһλʱʥʱٴЧǿһЩ

˺ǰգҶǳëǣǰ֮صġ
ԶһΡĳǳ¶
ûҶǳǰһϢǿӰǰ̤֮˳
ˣǻҴʥ
Ȼֻһ߷
ҶǳʲôΪɱ𣿡ҴʥһضҶǳ
ҶǳŴ鷳ˣҴʥûһ˿øУʵ֤һ⼸һ
ҴʥþòôС߻ħëЦ
ҶǳЦؿǰĻҴʥ˵Ҵʥϴֻ֮һġתһҲ̫ʹˣʣµĹҲҰɣ͵ס
룡Ҵʥߵ
ʦŵύҶǳ
˵ҲҶǳ츳ҶǳߵĲΡ
Ҫ֪֮ĹϵɲǺܺá
һʥ磬ȻŹҶǳ
ҶǳǿˣҲŹ
˫ͬˮλҶǳ
룿
ҶǳǰĻҴʥĮʿյĿҴʥ̫СˣȻ㲻ʣµĹǾͱҲˡ
Ҵʥоⱬ䣬ҶǳЦҵҪ⼸㾿ɳ˶١
˵꣬һǿƣϱòԶë˶Ϻˡ
ǿǰǿˣëɫ䡣
Ҷǳ۾ЦҵôôǿӲԭһ߷ﵽ˴ʥ۷徳磬ϧҲҲֻм߷ﵽ˴ʥ۷壬㱾ͽ׹ʥˡ
Сӣ̫͹ʥ۷ˣһ߷ǡҴʥһš
𣿡
ҶǳĻһ䣬ҴʥʱͫһЩŵؿҶǳ𾪵Ȼﵽʥˣ


1563 в
ʱ˿̣ҶǳҲΪﵽʥǿϢȻնڱΧضս
ҴʥϱϢҶǳĸǿ󣬼ֱͬ籩һ㣬Ű硣
ʥôôͽ˴ʥ磿Ҵʥɫг𾪡
ѡ
ҶǳĽȻô졣
Ҫ֪ʥ
ʥ֮
ôҶǳˣ
Ҵʥгɻ
ƺǾµʱΪҶǳϱϢܵв
һʥĴʥжǿ
Ҵʥҿ϶ΪûʥĴʥ
Կ϶Ҷǳʥ۷
ҴʥȰ㻹ǽʣµĹҽ߷ػ㹦һ񡣡Ҷǳв
ҴʥûðɣŭΣвݺ½ʱ㻹֪
˵꣬ԶĳǳڣٶȳӰǻҴʥķ
ңҶǳܹܵõ߻Ҵʥķǰ߷һǴﵽ˴ʥ۷徳硣
ħʥѾĲˣȻľ߷˴ʥ۷徳磬ؾʥҲԶˡ
ҶǳЩ˵
ҴʥߵСӣûз֮ǰϽҳɾ͹ʥ֮󣬱֮ǡ
Ҷǳһ䣬ϳɱǱһٵķ
˵գҶǳٷϻֱӷ򣬳˷ϯȥ
򣡡
ĸҴʥķҶǳĻ򣬶ʱŭ
ϴΣǾͳԹĿͷ֪һս
ǻǵ͹˻Ŀֲ
ΪһΣǾȻ߳ɵս
սʣɣ
ľ߻Ҵʥķ׾ˣһ¶ŵĿ⣬Ҷǳ˹Ƶġ
ǿǴʥ۷ǿ߰Ȼһգ۾ͱ߳ս
ʣµսȴʥҲǿ˶١
ҶǳǳԽʥ۷ս
⻹û꣬Ҷǳ֮ľ߻ҴʥսѾʥˡ
̫ˣ߷̫ˡ
Ҷǳһ̤֮У˫ȭӶͰҴʥķѪɳȥ
˫߶ͽ߻ҴʥķߵѪɡ
ĸʥ۷ķȻҶǳȭ֮شˡ
˫ʵ̫ˡ
Ҵʥľ߷ͣԶһŵҶǳûٶ֡
ȻҲ˺Ҷǳľ޴ࡣ
Ҫɱľ߷׾٣Ҵʥ׼ʣµĹһٵʥϣ
Ҷǳ˫֣ôŲԶĻҴʥһš
оԵʵ»Ҵʥˣ
ŻҴʥȷѡġ
ҶǣҴʥҧгݵصҶǳû
ôʥ۷ǿߣʥǿڣȻһ󱲸вˡ
ֱǳ衣
Ҵʥݺ½ô꣬ǵһγô
ԵĻ޲ýҶǳҡ
ոյһ˲佻֣ѾܵҶǳǾ̺֮ĿֲԲ߷Եֵġ
ûбҲҶǳĶ֡
ټȥҶǳĿնɱ⼸߷ҲһҶǳ
ҿԽ㣡
ΣҴʥҧ˵仰漴޺޵صҶǳŭ÷ģұ鷳
ҲǱҶǳ͸ˡ
Ҷǳͷ鷳ôúħʥ
Գ״򷢵һɡ
Ҵʥֻʱ䣬Լʥ֮ͲҶǳˡ
Ͳ̶̵ʱڣҶǳʥȥ
Ҷǳô̬ˣԺ󶼶Ҷǳ
ԣھͷġҶǳԴЦ
ԣҴʥһתһʣµĹӸҶǳ
ҶǳһΪǰ֮һĹգܹжϳŹα
ʵҶǳҲΪҴʥˣϾʵ
ҴʥΪܹʥ磬ֻѡͷ
ѾõˣɣҴʥҶǳȵ漴ʧԭأػ֮ǡ
ҶǳҲ⣬ϸġתһипѡ
һǿܹǰһλţ
ҶǳԵ̾
ҶСӣŹǸϼһǼһƢʥ֮󣬿϶Źǵġëɹ˵
ҶǳҡͷΪˡתһֻܷһ˹ʥ磬ǸʱҲδҵĶ֡
Ҷǳϳš


1564 Ŵ
֮ǡ
ӻ֮ػ֮Ҷǳͱչתһʼʣµ߷
ͬʱҶҲʥϻˣҶһսƷˡ
˳㣬ȥһ˵۶ʮ߻ӴӦħСʥˡ
һ50ħСʥ5ħʥ
ҶǳҶصսƷ֪ˣлһ𺳡
ԱߵëǣȫŴͣĿɿڴš
ʮʥ˲εħ²ʵ̫ˡ
ʻ½˭ܹ²ôʥˣ
ʥ¡
ҶһţƣΣëŸ̾
ڶλһͶء
ԱߣСҲһĳ֮ɫҶǳǸһʵ̫ţˡ
ųȥã
İٶѣָһӼˡ
Ҷһʹôʥ˲εķ²
ҪǴ˳ȥ½𶯵ġ
Ͼһɨʮλʥ˲εħǵĴֲ̺С
һʥأǶʥأû
ʥѹʥ˵ΪҶһʵ޵С
𾪵ˣҶǳЦ˵Ҷһãսʥ棬˫ǣ֪˲ħѨλá
ʥ֮йƻħѨпȥһҡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ڷ㹻ˣʱɼȥˡ
С۷ɣǾͲˡëڰ֣С˳ʱٴ
ҶǳĿȥſʼ۷
ġתһѾˣֻҪͰ࣬۳ʣµ߷
ܿ죬߷һһ֡
Ҷǳ漴óЩħСʥǲʡŭĿУһһԼķʵ
Ҷ4ħСʥ֮ΪﵽСʥ۷塣
󣬴ҶĵҶţһ߷ÿ5ħСʥҲһһСʥ۷徳硣
һҶǳ50ħСʥֻʣ16ˡ
ǰгһŵİ˸ҶǳɵЦݣг˳ɾ͸С
˸ɶСʥ۷徳硣
ʥҶһǴʥ硣
ҶǳԼһˣ൱ʮλǿʥˣս֮ǿȴʥ۷廹Ҫǿ
һԺɨЩûйʥʥˡ
5ħʥ԰߷ʥ硣ҶǳתͷԱħʥ
Ҫʥ磬ͱҪһʥ
Ҷһˡ
ϧֻħʥ޷ҶǳЩȫʥ硣
֮£ҶǳֻҶҶҶġҶҶؽʥ硣
ʣµֻܵԺҵħʥ˵
½ʥķҶǳҶҶǰʥ棬ѰħѨ
ʥ滹Ҷһ
ҶǳãʥķԺɨʥˡ
ʥʥ֮УҲδصеùʥķ
ֻǣħʥĻʥķҲѷ²ʥ
ҶǳüͷϣõħʥΪħʥͿеķʥ۷塣
Ҷǳڵʵټʮʥ۷弶ķǾԿԿʥˡ
߻ʽ
Ҷǳʥʱ򣬵ʱһʥ۷弶ķħʥǾͿһٽΪʥ硣
ʱӵһʥķ
ʥķʥǵжǿ
㲻ҶǳıҲһĹʥǿˡ
Ҷǳ붼ͷȣһҪ취²ħʥ
ǰħѨڣӵйʥʵԻҲԷ²ֻнʥܽ²
Ҷǳ˼š
ķʥֻҪһħѨͻᱻħʥʵ
Էܻɵս
ԣֻñȥ
ҪħʥٵܹסĹȻսȥͱɱˣô
ԣҶǳãһʥȥħʥС
ҶǳȥһʥԼæ
Ҷǳһɵ뵽ɷǣõĹʥҲֻλˡ
ֻǣһڱѪ̵λʥ׷ɱʱæ
ͷ۰
Ҷǳ˼˰죬Ҳ벻취ֻʱա
Ҷһ￴ţħʥʱҲ޷ߡ
Ժлץ
ҶġҶ塢ҶҶߡҶˡҶ˳ʱٴҶǳչأ塣
ľŴѾԶһ棬ҲͲҪˣʱٴ弴ɡ
ϾֻΪˣķܼΪ
ķһֱͣڴʥڡ


1565 
ʥ档
һħѨڡ
ħʥ͸գħѨϥŵҶһɫѿ
Աߣһħʥ棬˻û𣿡
ûУħʥ鲻ãǴˡ
棬ҵ֣ôټϹʵѵҲ޷Աߵħʥʵ
ħʥҡͷ̾ϢڱĵطоɱʥڣʥĴʥ۷ǿߣȴֻܷӳСʥ۷ʵһ󾳽磬ټ֣ҲĶ֡
ԱߵħʥԣҲǸ̾˭뵽½һʥĴʥЩߣʥĶ٣һֱǲں³Ϊ˴ʥû뵽ȴһʥĴʥ
ħʥҲɣҲʱһԼʥΡʱ򣬼㲻Ķ֣Ҳߡ
֮ǰʱ䶼ΪϣڱҶһƵû취ֻȷΪʱԼ
棬һĹʥʥأԱߵħʥһǵ
ħʥҲüͷһ壬漴ҡͷĹʥҲûж٣δػʶңһλʥҲɱңܹҵЩ۷ʥ
˵գħʥΣֻȡʱ䣬ҵﵽʥΣͲˡ
ԱߵħʥԵ硣
ħǿ󣬵ҪСʥʥ磬ҲǺס
ԽѶԽ
Ҷǳ죬Ϊ˻塣
ʵϣҲôס
Ҷǳôʹﵽ˴ʥ磬ʱٴ
ûһǧļ٣úķʮܴﵽʥ硣
ڣҶǳҪʥ磬ʱٴڣҪһꡣ
ûʱٴ͵úķһǧꡣ
һǧ갡ǶôӴ֡
ɼҲôġ
ȻЩϵĹʥ˵һǧҲá
Ǵ£ڼơ

ħѨ⡣
Ҷһ۾Զ֮УǿӰٶ
Ҷһ΢΢һ漴¶ϲɫΪѾӦҲǱķ
ȻƬ֮ҶҶҶһǰ
䣡
Ҷһ˲վ˻֣һƬϯȥո
һħѨڣħʥ޷տˡ
ȻҶһ֪ǣħʥѾٹעȥˡ
ҶһڸʲôˣбҪô𣿡ҶҶһĶ٩
һԵҶŵЦʲôʥ棬˵ʵʥ۷ʥҲܴ
ǵģʥ棬ȷ޵еġ
ϾǼʹʥڣܹӳԽʥ۷ս
ʥЩ۷ʥʥڣҲδؿԷӳǿ
һЩרעĹʥܹﵽʥεĶ١
ʥпܣǿָһڽ򣬲
Ƕʲô
ҶһǰҶҶҡͷ˵ħʥҲˡ
ҶҶԣʱȻ
ǰһҶһħʥҳ
ټԷҳ
¶ԷҲˡ
Ҷһڻ֪оŴͱֻ֪һʥĴʥǵơ
ҶǼʵһ꣬˴ͨҶһһ˵Ҷ֪ˡ
Ҷͷˣʱ֪ǵĴڣ֣ǾԻ׽
ԱߵҶֻ̾ҪҲף˼ɷǰæһڱѪ̵׷ɱ֪Ҳ
ǾȵȵȰɣڲŸոսʥ磬ﵽʥ۷壬ܿʥˡҶһֵ
漴ҶһҶҶʵʲô򣬸Ҫǰæ
ҶЦľŴѾ۳ɹڻҶߡҶ˺ҶûнʥˣҪɨʥ棬ץħʥ
ôãзħѨҶҶһʵ
ҶһҡͷֵĶѾɨˣʣµֻܿԼѰˡ
ǾǾԼҰɣڱеǷʱҲòǡҶ˵գҶһͬ뿪ˡ
׼ɨʥ档
ҶһǵıӰüͷ΢΢һ壬漴̾˿
ʥȻûл½Ӵ󣬵ҲСʹҶҶʥǿߣҪҵħѨ䣬Ҳѡ
Ҳֻ


1566 
֮Ǹǿ󣬼Ҷǳչˣǻ
УҶĺҶ塢ҶǴʥΣ൱ʥ۷塣
ҶߡҶˡҶţҲܹʥ۷һս
ëС塢ҲǴʥ
սòλ۷ʥˡ
ûйʥڣ²̶λеһʥˡ
ͬʱǿս֮ǣҲȻҲԽԽˡ
ҶǳʥϢй¶֮󣬺֮ǽĳǳҲԽԽࡣ
֮ǣ䷱һ㶼Ĵǳѷɫй֮

֮ǵĴ㳡
޵дһ˳ֵϵķ󣬲ɵø̾ҶԭΪһɢޣҺܿܳԽû뵽Һľ뷴ԽԽԶˡ
̾ƨٱǿˣѾﵽ磬ҲŸոսСء
Ż£ԶﳤշЯֶ
ո˵ıǰﳤգǷڶѾС硣
޵жԷӵ˵ͷ漴ﳤЦʥõԴ࣬ȻǿǰڸҶ֣Ҳĺɣ˵ҶֶΪͽˣʲôΪ
һᵽԼӣﳤնʱǰøոյϢҶѾ۷ˡ
ҿɽٶҲδ̫˰ɡ޵Ŀɿڴ
ﳤǫҶֱǲ̫Զˡ
ϻǸ̬ʲô޵з˷ۣ漴һĽţƣضʥҲҪҸһѶӣʱ͵ȥ
Ц֣˵ѾΪսʥڵĳˣͲսʥڵ˵ǰ
޵вذ˰֣˵ûϵսʥڵҶֺõһƵģ˵ˣԼѶ͵ȥ
ﳤշ򸾶ʱ
Ҹոպ˭˵Ҫ˵һѶӣ𣿳գҲ°ѷ
ڴʱһ٩
ԶĽֵϣҶһϷŰ˹
ԣɫߺ죬ݺݵصҶһۡ
ԱߵİﳤչЦŬŬҲһĶӣʱ򻹰Ϊʦ
һ䲻ɣһ䲻ӣ޲˵֪һţƵĶӡ
ҶŲȻʧЦ
ǸͽܹȻûʧô̵ʱھʹﵽ˴۷塣
ֻԼԺһλƬܹɹʥ硣
ʱҶǳͰһλƬһֱӳɴʥ
иʥͽܣҲͦţƵġ
Ҷ̵š
棬޵ЦҶ֣ղ˵һѶӵأۿ˵ˣҿǸһ򴩻ǿչ·ֵܣȻ˳նΪͽҲҪҶΪͽܺ˱ˡ
ҶһЦãЦҵ˵˭㣿ҵӵʱҿ¶Ѿˡ
޵ŭˣҿսʥĴҲĳϣսʥ͵͵ϲҵŮܹһ·ŵĳ
Աߣţˢˢ̧ͷա
ҶſǺʵڿʲô
հﳤ˵
ţڷɣ˵
Ҷ̲סЦ
棬޵п˵ġϡûðɵ쵰ӺòǣǾȻվﴵ磬һȥԴ͡
ûУǲмĺӣдһ£Ҳǲ̸սʥڽһ¸飬ʥصꡣҶЦ˵
޵ƨʲô飬꣬˵ĺӸͽͽﵱ£ó
ﳤչЦȥɣȥɣ㲻Ҫ͵ȥȥδĵط
ҶҲЦúõһû׼սǸˣδӵʦҲ˵ٲҲʦų㲻źСӴСЬ
쵰֪۸ңֵܺã´ȥԨֵܡ޵кݺݵҶźͰﳤһ˵
ҶŲм㣿׷һλŮʥ˼ң׷ŮʥˣˣбҲһŮʥȥ
Ǽһã޵һĽʺ޵
ǳʥˣŸ׷ŮʥһҪȥ׷Ůʥǿ»ᱻ
޵к޺޵ӳʥˣҲȥ׷һŮʥ
ҶЦ־ҵźϲƣ
ҶǵȲһˣʱ򶼷ˣϲưɡﳤչЦ
޵ҧгݣݺݵŰﳤգôԼ£ӳʥ󣬺úô


1567 
֮ǣ̵Ĺ㳡ϣһȺ̵ĸ߲ڹս
ǰ̨޵һλ̵Ĵսĺܾʡ
ջǾ޵иʤһӮⳡԡ
һûȾ޵³ҶűЦ˵
޵վ̨ϣҶźݺݵһָЦ׼սӮҲʡ
ʱָҶŲм
ѵо޵ǿǰҶŵȻҪúĥһ²̵ĵӡ
ҲһʱˣһĵӵУѾм츳̤˴磬Ҿ޵ĥһ¡
Ҫ֪޵пɲһĴǴӲпսĴ
ټ츳ս飬ǼɣǶǶġ
ֻǿսĥµá
ͬʱҲò̵Ǽ֪ˣĵ
Ҷţһǵһ򴩻ǿչ·ֵȷʵģǲ½ĴƶĶ֡
ëԱһ߹սһ˵
޵ѾǲˣûϢֱԳսʤֱ֮
Ц˵ǵþ޵һǿչ·ʱ򣬻ǳţƣ˵ʲô޵ǼįҪҸ֡ʱ˲ˡ
ëʵǺأγΪսѵģ
ǻʣȻǱҶСӸˣֻܹԹԸҶСӺСܡЦ
ëЦǵǣҶСӵˣ˭츳жôǿһ⣬һһԽԽ˦ԽԶ
֮УҪ˵˭ҶǳãǵȻë
ڳ֮ǰëһ·ҶǳɳȻĿҶǳɨս½
ǵ½ҶǳҲһһԽǿһսǶ
ڻ½ҶǳҲȹʥ۷塣
ëԤϣҶǳջҪڻ½Ƕġ
Сƺ֮ӡ
ëʱԼѡҶǳ
䣡
Զ̨ϣ޵ٴλ֣ܶصһۣŭ쵰ҪΪóʥˣ͸ڱ˵һ
ҰҲĶ֣ҿɲ㣬ٸָңӽˡ޵һϷŰЦ
޵ֱۣŭҵţλƬɵʥӳʥ󣬷֮ܰ㡣
ʥ˵󻰰ɣ˵ʱҶɹʥˡƲƲ
룬ѾΪҶǳǸΪʥô׵ģ
ûλƬɡ
ɶ񡭡޵пǱӵı飬һơ
֪ҶǳСԺôãͲӦüսʥڣҶǳڿ϶Ҳͳɴʥˡ
Ͼ츳ǿҶǳҪλƬҲ͸
ϧսʥڵˣҶǳܰλƬ͸ˡ
뵽޵ҲˬҶǳˣҶߵҶģǲ̵Ĵûۼһɣʡ˷ʱ䡣
⻰ǰѲ̵һȺӸŭˡ
Ҷû⣬Ǻ;޵пЦأ֪һġ
̵˿ɲ֪ʱͳ̨ˡ
ֻǣûǶ֣ëŭȵһȺ׳գү˼Ҵ̼һ£ǾһȥһӮˣҲǳ衣ҪһϣԶ١
ëôǴʥʥȻס̵ˡ
ֻһս޵С
³ȻǱ޵иһһˡ
޵վ̨ϣ˫ֲһɧ˵޵ǼįҸ֣𣿡
ꡭ
̵һȺȥһ
ëҲҡͷЦ
ʱһϤӰ̨ëˣҲҶš
ô£
桭ôܣ
Ȼ̤ˣżɣٶҲ̫˰ɣ

Ҷŵ𾪵ؿǸ̨ϤӰ
˲ǱˣǼǰ̵Ĳ
λ̵ʦүȻֻ˼ʱ䣬ʹԽ˴磬ֱ漣
Ҫ֪Ҷǳ궼ûô
˭ŸոսãȰ㻹ȥɣʡȡ衣
޵п̨Ĳһм
ʵȻԿóŽã½ĴĶ֡
Ҳ۸һ¡ˡ
Ȼ֪ڿЦǲҲܲӮһ̫ˡ
Цſ޵У˵ԡҽв죬ָ̣


1568 ʦү
죿
޵ɫŹֵؿŶĲЦŵ٩ͦŵİⲹ㴴һ֣벹̣ҲҶСӰ˰
΢΢ЦҶؽɲں
У޵ƲʶҶ꣬ǼһûʲôؽأһСǼ˭һŹˡ
ʾΣ⻰ôӣ
ԶĿ̨ϣҶЦ쵰ôϻ
޵һԲ˹ָһŵ˵ɣȶ֡
¾ͲˣҲûоֱܾһ޵С
ʽƽֻƮƮĳһƣľ޵Уȴɫͱˡ
𾪵ǣ޵оȻ֮ǰŵûȲʽǰ̲סȷˡ
¡¡
ղӰû˾޵ʱΧһƬ
һ֣Ȼž֮
ƮƮһƣȻЯſֲ׵޵жˡ
ս𺳲ѡ
ʦ̫ˣ
Ҫʦˣʦֲǲ̼꣬ȻѾ̤˴磬츳ֱ׷ǽˡ

̵ĵǣƵһʶһ׷𾪲ѡ
ԶëҲ𺳡
ǿ£ʦүΪٶȿҲˣΪʲôսҲôǿëǰսЩŵ
ԱߣҲ̾ǰ̫ˣȻҿ޵Ǽһﲻ˳ۣϾսĥ¹μ˲֪ٴεĴսս;顢ɾǶġȻڿȴǴѹƣֱûл֮
ǰҸоʦүСһЩšСҲ̾
Ҷ۾â˸βŸ֮̾ǰһСʦүδĳɾ;Բǳʥ³ɹʥʥпܡ
ԣ𺳲ѡ
½ʥв٣Ͼôꡣ
ǳɹʥ˺٣ʥľ͸ָˡ
ҶžȻ˵гʥǱ̫ˡ
ëǿɲΪҶǺ˵ģϾҶǳڳɴʥˣԱǺá
Ҷţôʦү츳Ȼ޵Ҳëѯʵ
Ҷųѵλʦүô½𣿡
ëһ
ô½ģ
Ǽһһģû߻ǿչ·
ʦү츳дǻۡ
Ҷһȥ֪½½жԶ
˺嫵ľ룬ʦүȴСΪһգǰ½
ڼ䣬ĶΣ˶پлΣն񣡡
ͦˡ
ʦүľ˵ڳκ˶ḻʡ

Ҷż˵ʦүҪٳȥˣǺֻҪԴ㹻ΪͻѸǿ
սͼɣٺ٣½ִ½ڼ䣬ʦү˶ٴսǿһ֡
ǲſ޵ʦүǰһСһ
Ҷŵһϯ˶ЩȻ
ǰ½½˶飿
еĶӻþ̫ˣżǿ·ÿʱÿ̶Σա
ûʵûʸա
ʱĲȴֻһС
Ǿһߵ½ġ
ЩľҲΪĲƸ
ľ񣬿Ѿﵽһߵľ硣
֮ǰûԴ޷Ϊ
ڲ̣ҶǳصشкǲȱԴ
ԣΪŻһ·ǡ
Ǻ
ͣͣͣˣ
ͬʱ̨ϺͲƬ̵ľ޵УѾڴˡ
䲻аͷβѹסˣһ˿֮ûС
ңþ޵иеֲǣֲƺûȫ֣ڹһ
ҲϾҶǳѣԲҲ̫ѿ
ֻþ޵к𺳣һǲŸոսĴ
ôս飬սɣսϣĥ³ĴҪ
޵иоһҶǳһ
֣ˣ˱ȭ漴Ҷŵ˵˵ͷƮƮȥ
ΧսĲ̵ӣ׷׶Բݲѡ
ЩŮԵӣһ۾ðǡ
ëɵֹӣʦүҪڶˣһʦĸɡ
ԶĶһ
Ҷŵëһۡ
ԱߵС͵Ц


1569 
֮ǣ
Ҷš޵ˣںԺͤӶ
˵ɣﵽʲô飬ҿɲֻѡҶſž޵Ц
޵Ʋģ֪һ١˵Сһﵽ˭ôսȻҶǿؼսҶ֪ḻ˶ٱ
СһҶҡҡͷɹȻЦɲСһɱǶö࣬ʵһС硣
ŶһΪǻ½صء޵вǵ󣬿̤ϻǿչ·ģôڲŽ
ҶҡͷЦṳ̂ϻǿչ·ڴﵽС֮󣬾һ˺գһߵ½ġľԶòԹ
ȥ
޵ŵ𾪵һһߵ½һС磿ⲻǷ𣿾Ȼɹˡ
ҲǴСģȻ֪һߵ½жôѡ
٣ǵС磬ַͨ½ģһ⣬ȫˡ
˳һϢͬһ磬Ҿǲ̵ĴʼˣҿͽͽԺ𾴵㡣ҶЦ
޵жʱһ𺳡
Σ޵вŵ˵ôţƵĽвأԭǰܸʦүˣǵĲԩ
֮ǰǰˡ
ڵ֪飬ʱ˺ܶࡣ
ˣϻˣ˵ʲôѵԪǼһҪˣҶŴߴٵ
޵ЦңſǺݽɫûӡ
ʵҲʥˣȥμ˻ᣬΪ죬Ϊתѡ
ʥˣҶЩɻ֯ǵһ˵ѵǼսʥڽõʥɵˣ
޵н͵ʥ˱ʥɵˣˣһˣǻ½ʥɵˡ
˻ҶЩ𾪣û뵽ʥ˾Ȼ
ʥɵˣǿˣĴ̺еˡ
ȻˣǰȻû˵Ҷǳ̾
޵Цʵ˷ǳɢڲԱûʲôԼûôš
ΪʲôˣҶɻ
޵гΪʮ칬飬֪Ƿ֪ɣ
˵Ҷһû뵽ʮ칬Ϲϵ
޵г˵ʮ칬Ĵֿ̺ˣʥض֪ķǳǵԼΪһʮ칬Բˡ
˵գ޵м˵˳ΨһĿģЯֶԿĴֻ̺Ҫ˵ĳԱ˭ܵĴ̺ĹôгԱֿС
Ҷһɵ˵ǲѾΪʥأѵҪǽȥ
޵Цŵͷǲȫʸˣҹȥμ˻ᣬΪǽˡ
Ѫ̴ǲ̣ǲҪæҶЦ
޵пЦ˲ΪѪ̵һԹͰԸѪ̡
ղ˵ҪЭԿĴ̺ҶϷŰ
޵û˵ҲҪ˵ˣϾ˵ʥضȥνӴʲôУǲΪĳʥغΪͰһԿĴ̣군ˡ
ҿûѪ̣Ҷ˵
޵ҡͷ˵Ҫ˵ԸѪ̣Ǿȵ˵ݽ룬Ȼ󾭹Աˡ
֮ͨǻѪ̽棬ܲͨƽֶνǵĵжԹϵѪ̷Ҫǲ̣˲Ż֡
湻鷳ġҶҡͷ
޵з˷۵нܲ͸Ĵ̡սɣܹƽãһ˳֮Ĵ̺ҲƲˣǴһ㡣
ȻһߣҲġ˳ĿģֻΪ˱ʥزĴ̺ԼǾԼˡ
޵˵ĺе¡
ϾӴʲôУôʥصˣһʥԼŰ裬ǵˣ˿ɲǲƨɡ
ҶԵ˵ͷ漴ʵҵͨĿж󣿡
˵ȻһѪǱߣ˵ǸøͷġϾŸոռˣܹʶԱսʥͦ㣬ҲûмԱվһߡ
޵̾ڹĶ̫ˣֻгԱͬ⣬ܹͨ


1570 μ˻
˰죬ҲûʲôôҶ֮ҡͷ
޵Ц˭˵ûкô֮Ѫܴǲ̣Ҫǲ̣ǲеģҪǲһλʥˣΪǲ̱һ·
ҶߵҪ̶ֳȣǲֻѪƴһսṶӲд
ǵ飡޵ҡͷȰ㻹ǼˣԺʵǿˣύʥض࣬˶İʹˡ
޵м˵սʥڣֻҪǲĴ̺ҲǣΪսʥڵսʥ˵Ա֮һ
սʥҶȻ֪ˣսʥڵһλʥҲںպľǿߡ
ԷܹΪ˵ԱҶȻɻʵҪβܳΪ˵Աʲôʸ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪﵽʥˡ޵Ц˵ϾһǿΪ磬ֻʵŻõҵϿɡ
Ҷŵ˵ͷ⵹ǺܹƽҲʵʥˣжλԱ
֪ʥ֮Ужλʥ
λ޵˵
ô٣Ҷһ㶣漴ҡͷ˵ϴѪΧɱɷǣɳλʥǿ϶йʥĴ̵ʵôǿƾʥ˵ʥôǿ⣿ǻʥأ
޵Ц߸ʥ㻹ֻٰʥˣһмʮλʥԲĴ̺еκһѷɫ
̫ɢˣҪǺסҶ˵
޵ЦǸǵеκһսܾˣʱ̺Ҫ֣ǿ¾Ҫȥˡ
ɢĴ̺ͬɢǲܾ˵ģΪֻ̺֮Ļᡣ
Ҷŵͷһ㵹ġ
ʮλʥ֣޷һ̣ҲܹǴС
Ա߻ǿлӣû̺Ըܾˡ
Ĵ֣ҲܣΪû˶в
Ͼ˱ǸΪɢ֮еһЩʥأǰӡ
ֶԸʮ칬Ϊʮ칬ʮλʥֱǿı̬Ƶǲò֡
ðɣһȥμ˻ġҶյ˵ͷҪ½Ǿͱüʥˡ
ϾȻûʲôôǵΪʥǺôʹˡ
ʱķ˵ܳΪʥһҲ̾кüλԱ㹻ʥ˵ĻȨˡ
ʱʲôĴ̺

ʥ˵˻ᶨʮ󣬵صڡ
ںսʥһʥ֮еĶʥء
ڵʥҲһλǿĹʥ˵Ա
ÿ˻ĵص㣬ʵ˵λԱٰ죬ֵڡ

֮ǣ
ҶǳëС˾ۼڴ顣
̸۵Ļ⣬һε˻ᡣ
ҶҶСǣ˻ᣬ׼ĸȥȥˣ
ëŶһģһҶǳоЩŹ֡
ҶЦ˵ֻҪʥصʥˣʸμ˻ᣬһʥֻɳһʥˣϾʥҪɡ˻Ҳһʥ֮Ľᣬ˴д裬˴۵ǽסԣȥȥҲá
ǱүȻҪȥڼô죬Ǹû½֪үˡëһ˷ܵ˵
ԱߵƲСıᣡ
ߣүҶСӵķĥô꣬ʥսȶˣڿɲЩʥëŵ
ȷʵЩ겻ëС壬ȫںҶǳķս
Ҷǳķ࣬óд裬սͼɡ
Ҷǳİ£ë˵ľѾȹˣǻҴʥ˵ַʥˡ
ëһֱ̣ûгȥ
ҶǳҲ׼ǳȥתת˳ʶһЩ½ʥˡ
£ҶĵͷǶȥҡҶŴҶȥɣҶҶŵʥûбҪĻͲҪ֡
ȻҪʥˣȻҪչһЩʵʥСˡǣҲҪһЩʵѪ̿¾Ҫɵˡ
ҶĵĻҶǳ˵ͷ
ǹһ꣬ʵһ뷨
ãүԴӣЩʥؿǲ̵ơëʲõشеǵ
С͵Ц


1571 ¶Ϣ
֮ͨǵĴԽԽ࣬ڵǣΪ̫Զûк֮ͨ
ҶŴëˣ׼ͨھԨǳǰǡ
֮ǵܱ߳ǳУԨǿһǳأǳڵĴǳ࣬ͨĵطҲǳ
ҶŻǵãԨǵĳȽ黹̲֮ء
ڱ˴˽˼֮Ƚ鲻ҶǳŲòҰġ
ԨǵĿǷǳ͵´ŭҶǳ
ⲻҶһ˽ԨǵʱͨǴ֪ǵĳȽ飬æܵȽɹڳſڵȴš
Ҷݹ٣ʧԶӭˡȽһضҶ
ԱߵȽɣҲûǰ˵ĸ߸Ϻ԰˿̵ͷظҶ񣬴Ҵһ
ʿյĿ˵ıҶǳ
ǰҶǳֻ֮ǵĳ±һ㣬Ҳƽƽ
Ҷǳ½ʥز̵ĽҪǣҶǳѾΪʥˣһܹѪ̵Ĵʥ
ǿǰֻϡ
Ƚˣǿˣðǰһ㲻ӭءҶЦؿȽ˵
ЩıչأȽҲ࣬ﵽ˴Ԫ˧
ʵҲǶˡ
о仰˵úãʥ֮½Ϊϡ
ڵҶǳ˵ȽҲֻһֻԴһ϶ѡ
ҶˣܴݹԨԣζӭǰȽæ˵
νֲЦˣȽ̬ô£ôҲҶŷ
οһС飬ҶǳͲˡ
ϾʱԿҲȽ顣
ҶǳûС̶ֳȡ
ҶЦ˵֮ԨûдҲ㣬Ƚпջȥ֮һˣѴãҲ÷Ժ๵ͨ
Ҷô˵Ƚкݺݵ˿æ˵ҶϾȥ֮ǣҶʱұ֤ô󡣡
֮ǰǲ֮ǽʵһֱĵ֪Ҷǳ̬ȣԲǰȥ֮ǡ
ҶżȻԸͨǾ˵ѾںһԹˣȽȻ˲ѡ
ϾڵҶǳɲܹġ
ͷ£ȽҲɶˣæдҶһˡ
źҶǺóԺúһ٣ȽȻǰ㳡
Ԩǣ㳡
һǰĴ
ëҰҰ촽Щ˵λȽдǵ治СӾ׼ôŹˣ
ɶ֮йڣԱߵһ죬ȽôΪҶǳ֮Ĺϵܺء
ϾɷǵĹײչ֪ҶǳȽĶԹ
ϻȻйˣΧĳǳأΪʲôֻԨûиǽ󣿡
ëٺЦ꾺֮ʱλȽǰܵȽҶСӾܸܵܰҶС֮ɲģѹ֮ǣȡ֮ǣϧҶСӸˡ
ԭˣȻ
һЩˡ
ҶƳһۣһǰĴһЦ˵ν˴ˣʥˣֺαظǽƽϣοԿǣ̬ôãһʥ˻ܸǹȥҲ̫ûʥ˵ķˣ
˵ҲԣһԪ˧СѣҲûҪǹȥӰǲ̵ë˵ͷ
ҶŲɵ촽һ顣
һĿԽԽˡ
ҲԼʥôģ
ûλƬë˵Ԫ˧ˣ۷嶼ѡ
ݣ
һʧڴϡ

ǣ㳡
Ҷһ߳󣬶ʱܵһַϢ
֮ǣԵøӵ֡
ҲǱϾƳǳأ֪Ӫ˶꣬Ȼǳ
ң½ʥأڿϵĶʥ֮һ
öʥ˰ЩһҲԼϢȻֱ¶Աߴë
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲڵʥ˲ûϢһʥ˵ǿϢôֱͨ񷣬ᴩ¶˵ʶӦ֮С
һԣʥǲôߵġ
ҶŲ²Ϊʥ˵˻ɣ
ǱүҲϢˣ¸¸£ëԵԼϢ
ʱһɴʥǿϢֱƲ񷣬ڴ㳡Ͽա
Ҳˡ״СЦ˵
μ˻ᣬ׼¶ݣȻҪϢˡ
һ̣ɴʥǿϢ
ҶɹȻһЦҲԼϢȻֻСʥ۷壬Ϣë˻Ҫǿ


1572 
ڵʥкܶ࣬˵ЩСʥǴʥнλ
ǿ˶࣬Ҷŵ˱Ϣ֮Ҳһ䶯
ΪҶŵ˵Ϣﵽ˴ʥҶŵϢӽʥ۷ˡ
һӳλʥǿߣʥ֮УҲʸλǿʥ֮С
£һǿƿնҶˡ
Щ˲ûԼϢһôʥ˼Űʱѹô㳡ڵЩһϢ
Ҷż״ȭȵҶǳλ
ᣬԶߣû
ǣЩʥ˵ĶУȴ羪һը졣
ͬʱһǿ֮ҶϱЩʥ˵ˡ
мλʥˡ
ǿ֮
˵ľѾﵽ˵۷塣
ǲ˼飬һ½ʥˣȻǿ֮
η

ڣһȺμ˻ʥˣ׷𶯣֮ɫ
ȻҶŸղ¶һ֣Ǹסˡ
λǿĹʥ˿ԺҲס˲Ҷǳ⼸֡
ʣ½ʥأҲû˸Сˡ
٣λʥĲ̣ڵʥ֮Уǰʮˡ
Ҳûе̣ǲһλСʥҶһ˽ڡ
λѣ񻹲ʥû룬ڵʥ˶ڵʥ˷۵λҲȥɡ
ڵСʥЦ˵
ȻǶʥأǰĸ˶ǴʥǿߣҲС
Ѵ·ҵʶһʥķɡҶŵͷ˵
һ漴ǰʥ˷塣
ʵҪ˴·ҶҲ֪ʥ˷ʲôط
ϾǵʥˣɶûԼϢ
Ρɽϣмٵʥ˵Ϣֱ񷣬ɵӣ֪ڵʥ˷塣
ʥ˷ǳΡ룬ǳ޴ɽͷ֡
ʥ˷ƫǵĽԵľһЩ
ȻмλʥڴˣһɹǿϢҲʥ֮µ߲ҽӽ˵ء
Ҷһ̤ʥ˷ʱһ˫˫ɫӣЯ˵ѹ˷
ȻʥڴҶĸʥˡ
ҶŷЩʥ˶һɽͷϣǱëˣҲڸѡһɽͷ¡
սʥڵ˻û
ҶɨһȦûпԪ䡣
Ȼսʥڵ˻û
֮ǰԪʹѶˣ˵˻Ҳμӣ档
ϾԪȻսʥڵϾŸոսʥãҲһβμʥ˵˻ᡣ
ȻûսʥڵˣҶȴһˡ
Ǿǵʮ߻ʥʱսߵ콣ʥӽԡ
λ콣ɵ½ʥ˸ӦҶŵĿ⣬ɵһЦط˹ǸҶϴε飬ǱǸ׼ȥ֮ǸģǸպ˻Ὺʼˡ
֣ǰȥ͹ȥˣϾѪ̸ĹҶĳǷֵûġҶ΢΢Ц
콣ҲǶʥأҲйʥ˻λԱ֮һҲ뽻ʥء
͸ȽһԿĲҶǳȻ̬ȺãǾһЦɡ
лҶдԶʱ˿Ц˵
ԶһɫӣȻԣȻֻСʥôҲ콣ɵʥˣõźһδɵС𣿡
ңҲ˵ˣǰھȻǸ콣ԽԽȥˣѾλߴ󶥼ʥ֮һˡ
ëɫһ䣬Ŀؿˣơ
һӣ۾бɢϢͬǴʥΣȴë˸ǿһЩﵽ˴ʥڡ
ԿˣɫɰףҽԸ˭Ǹʲôϵ콣Ƿλߴ󶥼ʥ֮һҲڿжġ
ڣ
Ҷ۾΢΢ѹһҲҵ˵δɵСӣԭڡ
ҲǶʥأսʥڡ콣ɺһһʥ
һʥҲѹֲˡ
ҶԷӣȻڶԱߵĽ˵֣ЩһȥˣôҲֻһʥֺαظƽϣҪ֪ǻᣬǵδ޵Ŀܡ
һ㶣û뵽Ҷŵô󣬾Ȼֱӵɰףһ㶼µڣɵѡ
£ҲƵЦҶ˵öԣһǱľϹѣҵȷûҪһƽϡ
֣ȻѣԺ־ˣ̫ˡҶԣʱԽԵӡ͸ˡ
Ҷ֣Цŵ˵ͷ
Զļɰףȴɫһޱѿ
Χʥ˭Ҳû˵һֵӣǵ顣


1573 Գ
ΧʥһϷŰ飬ɰ֪ԼЩʲôˣ֮󣬿ᱻƲġ
Ͼ󱲣Сʥ͸ҵϹԺ˭
뵽ɰؿҶţСӣ㾹ңΪսʥɽҾͲɱ𣿡
ȻҲ֪սʥںԪҶǳá
ڸսʥڵжԣ֮ǰųڽѵһҶš
ǣû뵽ҶžȻеӻ죬ҵ
ʲôʱһ½ʥأôԿһλʥˣ
ɰ׾ԼбҪһڵѹǿƣʲôèСڡ
㣿
ɰ׵ĻҶԵһ죬ɻؿżɰʵǰʲôʱˣһϹѵԼϹ𣿡
ҶŵıԵú޹
ԱߵĽԡëˣȴѾŶЦ
˵û㻹ǰѡϡҧĺء
֪ҶŰϷˣɰס
ΧʥȻҲˣЦ
ЩЦڼɰ׵ĶУȴޱȵĴ̶һϡ
Сӣҳȫ㣡
ɰ״˿ͨ죬ҧгݣжɱ
˵֮ǰֻҪѵҶһ٣ôڣҪɱҶˡ
򣬽֮ͳΪһЦˡ
ǺǣɰףҪɱҵ˶ˣѾˣΪڱѪ̸ǿ𣿡
Ҷװɵ۾۷֮ðҵɱ
ûǶԷԷȴҪˣһҪʹ򣬾ɱɱ㲻ɣ
õ
ɰվһǿ䶢ҶţڵȷȲѪ̣ѪΪ޷ɱ㣬ڿû˼ɡ
ǵģѪ̶Ҷǳ֣ΪѪ̱Ͼߡ
һ߶Լе֣ӲҪ
ھͲһˡ
ҲҶǳֻڲ
һǲڲģֵ̫֡
ϾЩʥɵʥˣҲɵѣͲںͲʥشܾˣӶʥ˵ʵ
ǺǣҪɱңǺãҲһڵı¡
ҶЦһ̶żɰףʥڣΪͿǰһڣǲ̿ɲ壡
ôĿ
Ҳ·ͷ
̣һ½ʥضѡ

ҶŻ䣬ɰ׸ļɽͷϣʱʮλʥվ
ʮʥˣдʥҲСʥһĿصҶš
ʣЩʥҲڵʥˡ
ôҪȺ𣿡ëһվ
۵Ⱥܣǲ̶ˣ֪ҶǳЩᡶջñ䡷Եʮ㡣
οҶŵʥ棬һǿҶ
ҶǴʥʵȴʥ۷壬ټϡջñ䡷ԿԺɨʥ۷硣
ܹҶˣҲǼλʥ
ǴʥСʥľףʥ³
Ȼܡ
ʥһ㲻۸ʥµʥˣΪʵ̫̫ˡ
ҹʥһ㶼ܴȥ۸СҪģ
˽Ҳˣδػ֪֪ˣҲָʲô
ôʥڣûǸʥԸ⵱ڶҶŸ޾塣
οսʥڵʥҲҪˣսʥڿǲ̵ѣʲô

ҶšëСˣһ޾ؿŲԶʥˣ˵Ҳս⡣
ڵʮʥˣҲɫضҶŵˣ·ʱᶯһ
ʱ˿̣ʥ˷νǽţսš
ΧɵʥˣȴɱſϷ̬ȣûֹ
ֻڵһλʥƤЦⲻЦ˵֣Ҷλʥ˵ˣαΪһʱأҶͺĲǺܺ
ϾڣڵĴʥǿȰ˵һ䡣
ٶ࣬Ͳˡ
ڲŲǴأʥأֻΪǵľ֣á
ʥصʥˣҲǱִģ޲ò̺ܾˡ
ǿĿǲ̡
ϾʥǴʥǴʥΪռݾԵơ
ڻ䣬ǲǹ¡
ԼҲôΪģԼɰһɭؿҶţЦȺܾͲˣñ˵Զ٣㲻ʥܹѪ̵ĴʥеӺҹһս𣿡
Լɰ׵սҶֱ߿գ·ɰףмһսȥ
бҪһΣȻʥ˵ʥأ²ǲ½ʥط


1574 ս
߿УҶű˫֣һмظ·ļɰףƱᴩ񷣬Եúܰ
ȻѾҪҶŵȻɰ׿ֱԸ̬Ƽɰס
ǺǣڵԽԽˣ
·ɰЦһضҶţɭСӣȻҾͳȫ㡣
˵գ϶ȻһĹâ̴˲գִ֮ϡ
ͬʱɰױҲâ˲֮ϣҶԳš
˵ǿϢΧĿռ䣬ռƬƵһΧ֮Űš
·ʥ̧ͷ˫⼤䣬ᴩգңңս
Ҷ֣ǼɰȻôΪȴǴʥڣҶСĵ㡣ԴҶš
ҶȴѾ̤һŲļɰˡ
Ʊǿֻϣ˿ռ䣬ʱգƬضս
·ĽԲ֪˵ʲôЩĿɿڴЩ
һ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
Ȼļɰ׼״ʱûðɡ
Ȼ

ɰ״һֱӼԼĴʥȫ߶Ҷźݺݵغȥ
Ҷ档
ڿҶôˣ˷ʱˣֱȫ֣ҪһɱҶš
䣡
ɰ׵Ĵʥȫ߶֮£֮Ĺâһҫ۵ĻЯſֲݺݵغҶš
ԭдʥڵΪټдʥӳӽʥ۷ˡ
սʥ΢΢ͷ
Ȼɰ׸Բ̣žԵʵ
ҶǳЩˡ
ȻҶǳʥʱѪ̵Ĵʥǲһʥڵǿߣɰ׿ƵĴʥǿߡ
߲ͬն
Ҷ֣СġҲЩĵѵ
ԱߵëСˣһЦֻؿŲ֮ϵս
Ҷǲá
ʵҲȷˡ
Լɰ׵ȫһ֮ϵҶţʥû¶ֱһȭȥˡ
ռȭ
̺ռ֮ľȭᴩʱշ籩˲ִ［ɰǰĴʥݺݵײһ
䣡
̶ĺʱ쳹񷡣
ҶͨɫµѪһֱ̣
˫Ž⣬µȭ⽫ǰļɰУú߸ܵ˾޴ѹȸС
ôܡȻôǿɰ׿ǰͽӲʥҶţʱͫһ𾪡
·սʥҲԵЩš
ҶűսЩǵ֮⡣
ǿǴʥڵĹȻҶͽֽˣһѵҲӵдʥڵս
սҲ֤ʵʥĲ²⡣
Ҷ뼻ɰ׼Ҳɱһ㶼·磬ѹüɰײˡ
ʥڵսһɡ
˸һҶŵսˡ
׳գΪʥھ޵ˣѰ裡ëŲ֮ϵսһЦ
Цǽ̫͵ˣ
Ҷ͵𣿡Сɻ˭֪ҶǳĴ͵
ݸһЦ˵ĵ͵ΪҶǳٺʥսս
ҶǳڶǷ죬սҲʥ棬ħѨս˸֪ʵ
ʮ߻ӵ֪һЩҲޣҲ㴫
Ȼ֪ҶǳʥˣҲֻΪΪŸոʥڡ
ǿǾͲˡ
Ͼ˵ӡ֮УҶǳô̤ʥ硣
ֱ˿̣Ų֮ϣҶŴĽڽڰ˵ļɰף˲֪Ҷŵʵжôǿ
η
ѾﵽСʥ۷壬ôô죿
ʥʥѶȺܴ𣿡

·սʥ𾪲ѡ
ֻڵʮʥˣɫԵúܲġ
СҶǳˣԱˡ
Ȼ˿ùĻǼɰףһѹƣʵĳ衣
ܹܵ·ʥһ˫˫ЦͳĿ⡣
ɰлڣɫǺ죬ҶŴСӣҲôġȥɣ
δ䣬Ҵóһŵҩ£ʱȫͻƵ˴ʥڵļޣﵽ˴ʥ۷徳硣
Ҷż״û˿ȣʱиá
ɱ㼴ɣɰҧгݣҶ˵Ĳֶʱʵĵҩúܴ
ûзϻ˷ʱ䣬ɰ׳ҩЧڣȫ߶еĴʥҶɱȥ׼һٷ̡
磡
Ҷųؿ˼ɰһۣ漴ͺһһʱѼɰ档

ɰ׾ִС
еԼ궼Ҫȥˡ
ȫҲֻһ󲿷ˡ


1575 ʥ̬
Ҷǳľﵽκ֮Ҳһ¥ҪﵽԲˡ
ֻҪľûе۷ߣһڣٶᱻսеľģᱻ߳ɡųս
ľҶǳһﵽ۷ߣҲᱻս
ֻľԽҶǳﵽ߲εߣҶǳ硣
ǳ֮⣬½û˵ľܹﵽ߲Ρ
ЩǿĹʥľҲʹڵ۷壬еûдﵽ۷塣
ԣǹʥٶᱻҶǳɣս
ǰɰ׾͸ӲˣȻƴʥľҲֻǿﵽڡ
ԣһӾͱҶŵ߳ս
߳սʲô
Īҩ裬ͻȻﵽʥ۷εļɰףһӾ͵䵽˴ʥڣʥڵȲסˡ
ϾĴʥ۷ǳҩģȶ
Ҷŵ֮󣬼ɰ׵Ϊ͸޷ȶ
ԣ˿̵ļɰԵúܾ֣Ҵеôҵʵôᱻôࣿʲôþ䲻ǿĻþ
ҶȻشҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱóһСʥȫɱ򼻷ɰס
֮СʥΪĴʥˣϾҶǳоž߷
ǴﵽʥڵķߣʥǸϷˡ
ҶߡҶ˺ҶСʥ۷ķֻʹСʥˡ
СʥҶŵҲӳǿӽʥ۷ˡ
ɰʱ߳սʵҶŵĶ֣ܿͱҶشˡ
ɱ
Ҷɱ
ԷȻҪɱȻ顣
ڵĹʥڵʮλʥˣ⡣
ΪѾյϢսʥڵ˼ִڡ
͡
ɰѪɣ϶ѷ죬д֮ɫҶغɱң
ˣڵĹʥҶǳȻɱ
ôֻɱˣ˾ͲɱҶǳѪ̵˶ɱʲô
ҶһЦȫ߶ʥɱ򼻷ɰףһ㶼顣
ɰҶŵ£Ѿ޷άסˣϵѷԽԽ࣬Ҫˡ
·սʥ֮࣬ɵ뿴Զһɽ壬ϥλʥоڵĹʥ
λʥƺûйע֮ϵսԣڻ塣
ƺӦʥĿ⣬λڹʥĵڹʥЦ˵֣ûмǴĻмɰ׵СͽڿҪˣ㲻𣿡
ͽҵͽȥﻹǵã
ڵĹʥ˵ңûʵǱˣԼֵ˭
ôҲһʥǴʥڣ־ˣڵĹʥЩš
ڵĹʥɵ˵ܹǲ̣Ѫֽ̣Դͽ³ʥˣҲҪ
ڵĹʥЦ˵
˼ģһ㶼ںеս
ʥΣʥ۷Σ
ٶĴʥ۷壬ҲԶԶǵĶ֡
𿴴ʥ͹ʥֻһ磬֮Ĳǳ
˳˵ʥ֮½ϣǶڹʥ˵Ǿùʥ֮¶ϡ
ΪʥǰֻԴһ϶ѡ
ʥʵǿ󣬻ҲǳƾãǾ̫࣬Ѿ͸˺ܶ顣
ʵǻۡ飬ȫȱ
ۣ
λʥ̸ʱ򣬼ɰٶش
һΣάֲסԼˣϵѺһӱʹ˲ˡ
Ҷǳҷģһɱ㡭ǻۣɰ׷һĲҽС
漴һǿ꣬Զٶȥ
Ȼɰ׻ǵʥ˾磬Ҫ̫ǿˡ
۷ʱڵҶţûҩЧҪķ͸ӲҶˡ
ټȥıض
ԣɰˣһݻߡ
ҶŻŹ
Ȼܣ
ռ
Ҷ׷ȥһնʱգնأҲն˼ɰ׵ꡣ
ɰҽУ걻ռɣ

̫
ס֣

սʮڵʥˣ˿Ҳ̲סˣ׷׳ֳҶźɱȥ
ǿܼɰսܣȴܼɰױɱ
ڵĹʥԲںһʥȴ޷ں
Ͼһʥڵǿ䣬ڵʵ
ңʥڵļɰף˭֪δ᲻Ϊʥ
ʺСڵʥؿҶնɱ


1576 һһ
ҶŻɱնɱɰ׵ʱԭսʮʥˣʱסˣ׷׳𣬳Ҷɱȥ
ס֣
ڵʮʥȣ׷׳ɱҶţǲҪ¼ɰףҪûɱҶǳ
ϾʮʥһǴʥ۷ǿҲҪ˱ᡣ
Ϊʮʥ֮Укüʥǿߡ
Ǳ޳ܣ
·ĽԼ״ɵ
򲻹˼ңھȻԶ١
ʥ˵涼ڵ˶ˡ
ΧսʥҲüͷڵʥЩˡ
ʲô⹷ƨʥأ֪Զ٣ҪȺܣү棡
ëѾ̲סȥˡ
ٺ٣ʥԽԽҲô޳ܣЦһ̤ն𣬸ëһȥ
СȻ⣬Ҳɱ˹ȥ
ڵĴʥѣһ˾Ϳסǡ
ڵʮʥ֮Уʱ߳һʥڵǿߣмؿųɱëˡ
ʣµʥˣҶɱȥ
СǣëֻһڵĴʥɱǣʱЦ
һ֣ȵ
Сȫâ˸һצצХ졣
󱲣ҲҴԲѣ
ڵλʥǿмظëˣҼʥѹ
ò˵ʥڵʵǳǿһѹëʥڵʥ˲ڻ¡
ӶԷʥбǿëһ
ǣǿĹë˲ûжֱӭȥ
л¶Ŀ⡣
ţʲô˼𣿡ڵʥʥüͷһ壬ЩԾ
ǰʥֲǰ׳գ֪Ķ֣Ϊʲô֪سûС
ڴʱ
磡
һӲԶʴ
һ̣һӴ磬ʱڵʮʥȫ档
ʣҶųˣ
ڵʥô޳ܣȻ飬һ߼ɱ򼻷ɰףһʩչջñ䡷
ӴþĽ٣ʮڵʥ˶ʱ𣬷׷Ϣ
ΪҪֵþͱøһʣµˡ
ЩСʥľֻеγڣһӾͱ˾ųɵս
ǼʥҲɣ߳ɵ
ʮڵʥˣȫʵ
ڹë˵λʥǿߣʵֱ½˴ʥڣʥڶ޷ȶڴʥںСʥ۷֮䡣
Ľֱ±ˡ
ôᡭλڵĴʥǿߵɴ۾š

ڴ˿̣ëС˫˫ɱһȻںϵһ𣬷ӳ˾˵Ĺ
𣡺𣡡
߿Уһͷצһͷһγһ޴ӡλڵĴʥǿѹ
ս졣
ëСһȻӽʥǿߵȫһˡ
·һĻʥˣ׷¶֮ɫ
ԭΪֻǳڵĴʥоǸЩȣȴû뵽ǵһȻôǿ
ɱ
ëСȵ
ǵӡѹλڵĴʥǿ֣оԼסһ
ʵϣȷ޷ֵ
ȫʢʱڣȻԵסëСһڱҶŵ˴߳սʥڵս޷άˡ
ء
ӡѹ£ڵĴʥǿֱӱѹ
ٺ٣СǣëЦ
ڵʥǿŭҾæ֮Զ
һ̣ʱѾ׼õɱк£ôͫһ
˿̵Ϊұëشﻹֵܵһλʥǿߵȫһ

һҽС
Ĵʥǿߣʱֻܴʣһ˿꣬ǿ˳ȥ
ǳѡӵڹʥǱߡ
ëȻ׷ȥֻһá
תͷҶǱߡ
˿̣ҶһһֻȭͷɵסЩʮʥ˵Ĺ
һֻ֣һᴩɰ׵ֲ꣬ռѾɰ׵֧顣
桭ɰ֮ǰûʹҶţԹؿԶڹʥ
Ϊλʥɾȴûг֡
ް
ɰײʵŭ
ǻΪƬ꣬ƺÿһƬ֮ж̺Թռĸɸɾ
Ҷɱ˼ɰ֮üͷЩɵؿԶڹʥ
ԷȻûг֡


1577 Ӯ
߿УҶԶڹʥŹ֣ɻ֮ɫ
ںͼɰ״ļңʵһֱھλڵĹʥ
ϾʵȫӴʥǿߣֻйʥв
ڵҶһֱ䱸λڵĹʥ
׼ӦλڵĹʥ
ǡ
ҶŹֵؿλڵĹʥԷȻʼնûп߿һۣһֱר־ںڵĹʥġ
ëǻܣʣһƲлڴʥӵʱûж࿴һۡ
·𣬶Էֻ̣ԼĶ֡ڵĹʥ
ûҷ𣿡
Ҷ²
ڵĹʥпںӣҲпûǷϡ
Ͼʥʵ̫ǿˣԽʥ̫ࡣ
ʥŵʥɱ߸ʥϣҲֻǿʥڵǿߡ
ڵλʥ²ֹʥô򵥣˭֪Է˶ãʵжǿ
ҶҲ壬Լ㲻ǹʥĶ֣ҪߣӦÿԡ
ҶСӣЩһҲҪɱ𣿡
ëǴӲԶվҶߣһͬʮʥˡ
Щ˵ɫǳѿг˾ֺͻңΪǵʵ̫ˣҶǵĶ֡
ˣ̫֣Ǿʧ˴塣Ҷҡҡͷ漴磬ëǽ䵽ʥ˷塣
ڵʮʥˣȻ׷ǿҶȥ˿
̵⼸̫ˣ̶Ƭʱ䣬ڵĴʥһһˡ
֣ƾǣٶ࣬Ҳ޷Ҷŵˡ
Ҷǳ̫ˡ
ղǻþɣôĻþһǵһμ
ǿղǸڴʥڵľ𣿱ţþһ֣˲;֣þжǿ
²̤УǺѸþжǿˡ
̵ʵЩ֮ⰡİĴʥҶǳʵҲ󡣡
ʵѾܹʹʥ۷ǿˣһ˲õţռδΪʥΪʥпܡ
ʥ̫ǿˣСʥ磬Ȼնɱһʥڵǿߣ

ʥ˷ϣһȺսʥ˾۷׷ףҶŵĿг˾֮̾ɫ
֮ǰһЩСﲹ̵ˣ˿̶ɫ
һЩʥϱǿߣڿҶʱҲҰҶŵСԴˡ
ΪǰˣѾʵ֤Լǵʵѷɫ
ҶСӣϼһʲôȻɱͽͽ
һɽͷϣëŲԶڹʥѯҶš
ҶҲڴλڵĹʥüͷ壬漴ҡͷҲ
ΣȻѾɱڵʥˣǺǾѾǵж״̬þǡѵ
ҶŵͷȻѾˣǾûлĿܡ
ԷٴȣҲƾҶɱһʥ
ҶѾ֪ͨ˱ڵĹʥҪǳ֣ἰʱ
󣬱ҲҪ˶ãʱ䣬Ҷʵȫ֧ס
ڴʱ
ԶںڹʥĵڹʥȻЦһ˵ע⡣
ʥҶǣһؿλڹʥ
ֻλڹʥʱЦݣڹʥһź
䣬ӮˣڵĹʥһؿŶڹʥЦ
ܴƺһ
ʥԣһ
ͽͽﶼɱˣȻЦôģΪӮһ壿
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ڹʥһڴʥǿߣ˿Ѿ۳ڹʥĻҲɵһ漴Ц
ϼһڹʥŶһڹʥɵҡҡͷ̾ݣ
ָĲڵɱУָڹʥܹҶŻɱɰ׵顣
ԷԼͽͽﱻɱʱ򣬾Ȼһ㶼Ϊ֮Ӳϻ
ɼԷûаѼɰ׵ϡ
ʤѷ֣Ըķ䣬˰ĻƽƸһƿڵĹʥЦ
ڵĹʥЦһ漴óһƿƣڵĹʥ
˽
ѵڵĴʥȲһƿƣ
ڵĹʥȴûˣƽ֮ſҶǡ
ˣ
ʥһǱס˺
ҶҲ֮ɫ
Ϊʦֱ𣡡ڹʥڵĴʥǿ߹˵
֮ǰҴڹʥ壬ֱڲŸҿ˵
𣿡
ڹʥһҶţ漴תͷڵĴʥ⣬Цɰױɱˣұұɱˣ˭ұ𣿡



1578 սʥ
ڹʥĻ
ڵʥһȫɵˡ
ΧʥҲǱЦ
ϸһƷζڹʥĻеҿ԰Ǳ˭ұ
ڵλʥǿ߻ش𲻳ֻ㶵ؿǰڹʥ
λڵĴʥǿУǲܵģȻҪ˱
Ǻǣ
ǰɵ۵ͽڵĹʥҡͷһЦ漴۾ĮؿŲԶҶţ˵ˣе㱾£ȻԽնɱһλʥڡȽ鴫ȥѪ̾͸ӲŹˡ
һսҶŵ˵
־ڵĹʥЦЦ漴ɫһ䣬ɱ˼ɰףҲ֣ΪѧղԼǣ֮ǲ̱ڵĳСݣ
ĸ֣̺ڹʥǿɱ⣬һƬ籩ϯ
ɱ⣬·𶳽ա
Χһ˿
ʥźЩͬؿҶţ֪ˡ
Ѫ̻޷ǲʥԸ̣ڿûơ
ʱ㣡
ҶſŲԶڹʥһһ˵
û˿η壬·ûиܵһλʥв
Χʥ˶ЩȵؿҶţһеǿһʥ
ǺǣܺãڵĹʥտҶţһЦ
Ȼ
һɹǿϢǴķ
ʥɵתͷȥ
һ̣һԶƵ֮У˶䷢顣
˶𣿲˼սʥˣû˻ǡ
δ䣬һֻűѾ̤ƿռ䣬δ֪ĵطһʥ˷Ͽա
һӣɫսףһֿͭ£һ˫ڵӣ˸һĹâ
˷ǳһͰڳ˵ƶѹȥ
㱼䣬Ƕζһ¡
սʥ
ʥͫһ¶η֮ɫ
ʥ˵һλʥˣһǺպսʥ
Ҷ֣þò
սʥмλʥˣսʥڵԪ䣬С
Ҷſüͷһ漴ϲϲΪٽһ
ˣԪѾСʥڽСʥڡ
Ҷֱ˵ЦˣǰʲôԪһЦ
֮ǰûڳʥˣҲкսʥڽõġ
ǰҶǿնɱڴʥǿߣʮʥ֣˰Ϣˡ
ʱԪ𺳵Ŀɿڴ֪ҶǳǿҲû뵽Ҷǳǿز
ǲٹ꣬Ҷǳܿʥˣ
Ԫ俴ǰѣипѣԼύҶǳ
λǲ̵ҶɣȻͬ죬Խնɱʥǿߣ
һԣսʥҶţЦ
ǰˡҶ΢΢һ񣬶ԷǹʥǺԪĳֵ
Ҷǫ飬ղŵսҿǿ
սʥһ̾˵ֻþ̤УҪʵ
ΧʥԽһ𾪡
ȻλսʥȻ֮ǰδѾտ˸ղŵľһս
ֻ𾪵ǣλսʥҶŵĻþδ̫ڳ˰ɡ
þѵвʥ
Ҷ΢ЦĻþ̤УǺ֪жǿġ
սʥҲֻͨնɱɰ׶Ʋġ
Ҷʱ뱩¶̫ʵЦЦûӦ
սʥҲû⣬Ͼÿ˶ԼܣתͷԶڹʥһôԶٲˣڻ𣿲¸㣬սʥںͲѣҪսսʥʱ㵽ס
Աߣëû뵽λսʥô׷׼ѡ
ҶҲԺԪ䴫лˡ
ȻѣȻҪ˵սʥںڱ͹ϵáԪ΢΢Ц
Ҷŵ˵ͷ֮ǰɰԣ˵ΪսʥڽãŻᱻɰԡ
ɴ˿ɼʥصĹϵ൱Ĳá
սʥ
Զڹʥսʥ˵ôȥˣҲ뿴㳤˶١
Ҫ𣿡ڹʥսսʥһʾ˵
䣡
ڹʥվ˫磬ĿϬؿսʥһǿƴ϶Ȼ
ǺǣսʥЦƱֱ񷡣
µɽ壬𶯲
ʥ׷˱ᡣ
ʱڹʥսʥ֮䣬ռƲƬһ˲֧顣
⽣ţʥΪҪʱ򣬲ԶڹʥȻȵλڣҪ򣬻ǸԼʱɡ˻ӣҿǻǺͺİɡ
һӣսʥһɢϵĳơ
棬ڹʥҲͷ
Ҷż״Щˣ
ҿӶˣ͸ҿ
׼λʥսʱ򣬳ûͷų磬սʥһٻڹʥء
ûˡ
ڵĹʥᡣ
Ҷһ


1579 
һʮʥأ½Ĳ̣Ǳʮ߸
ʱڳļλʥˣʮ߸ʥء
սʥڵ֮ʮ߸ʥҲˡ
ڵĹʥܣ΢΢һЦ˵ȻˣôͿʼ˻ɣҴڣӭλʥ˵ĵϣʱ䣬λܹضɹʲôдܣλ
Ļ£һλλڵǣ׷׶ƣԼһЩζȣӲԶ͵ڳʥǰ
ЩڵĵӶᣬһΪ磬ûϵġ
ҶŻܣΧʥˣڿЩڵĵӺ󣬶óһЩСƷ˳ȥ
Ҷż״Ȼ򣬿ٰ˻ҲкôģѹЩͳԺȶڵӻô˷ܡ
Ͼʥ˶ںӣ˼ͳԺȵܲһëΰɣ
Χôʥڣ㻹Ҫ
Ҫóһ㶫
ʹҲǺġ
ңڵЩӶǳһʥǰţͲͷˡ
˼
ҶһЦҲóһͼ˳ȥ
ǵͼǰڵ˵Ҳ˲õıˡ
æҶŹлȻϲ̵뿪ˡ
Զë˸óһ˳ȥ
ǵͼ
ҲпģЩСʥ͵ǴʥҲŶԵǴʥݡ
ܲһʥͳȥĶһСʥɡ
̫ˡ
ҶСӣ֪Ҫ˶ҾͲˡëתͷһˬ˵
Ͳ̵ĵӶںûʲôϵƾʲôҪǵӶ
ҶݸһЦôҲһʥеȰЦ
ëƲѾĵµı²Сûм˾ȵڣ˭֪Ժ᲻ڣʱ򱾴үͳȥԺǾͻԸǲ̵ĵˡ
Ҷ

ǸɰĪͲͷʺˣܹ
ٺ٣ѵһֶû׼𣿡ʱһڳԺȵ񿪿ˡ
һյЦͳȥ˺֣ܹиӦǲ̵ӵƣ˭ʹǼǲ̵ĵӣͻԱըˡ
Ҷţ
ë
С壺
ơ
Ȼϵ
ҶźëһۣǾȻû뵽ֺ֡
ֺֺܼ򵥣ʥ˵㶯ֽžˡ
ֻǡ
ֱ޳ֶܵΣǵġƷʡôʹ
˲ɵĵؿ
ʲôҲΪǲ̵ĵ룬ңֻҪǲʹǼԸǲ̵ĵӣеǼҶźëһۡ
ҶҡҡͷһЦ
ԱߣСؿʵǰѵͲڵʥ˼Щ
ʲôЩʥ˸߸ϣǻô鷳һЩ𣿶ңǿҲ뵽ʥ˻º֡һ˵
ëƲǹû뵽ʥ˻ô޳ܡ
˵ôΰոյС˿ûп㲻Ҳ˺֣һؿë˵
ҶźСʱȵؿë
Ѿĸղ˵˼ұ޳ܣҲ˺ְ
ëڨڨүûôɣµĺֻһӡƽûʲôãֻҪʩչӡǿвٿͳȥǼȻȥҾͰӡڸǲ̵ĵǡ
һڵĵӸǲ̵ĵսǵĵһʩչӡͻȻٿǵӶһ
һؿë˵Ҹ޳ܣҾ֪㲻ʲôö
˴˱˴ˣëƲƲ죬תͷҶţмװСǱүųʲôˮ˲ү𣿡
Ҷ㡭СԣЩ𾪵ؿҶš
ѵҶҲ˺֣
ǸղŻڱ
ȿȣ
Ҷſ˼ëһۣڨЦԱ޻Ա޻ֻҪڲǲΪУǾû顣
У
У
ëһġ
ղŸôΰͷǸһ
ҶջûԼĺ˵ǿǱ飬֪µĺֲëˡѷɫ
ԱߣСһ
֮Уֻ棬һ
һһ
СܵδĲ̵ӻ᲻ᱻǸƫˡ


1580 ͶƱ
ڣʥ˷塣
ƹѲ֮ڹʥ˻ᣬһ飬ǲ̼˵롣
ڹʥܣ˵λҲʶҶĲ̡
ɹȻһЦܲʶ
λҶһλʥڵǿߣöʥڶͷ˭ܹʶ
οڽ֮ǰҲʶҶǳ
ʵҶǳ̫ˡ
¶ռ֮ʼһ粨
ٵѪ̽
ԼĲʥţʮ߻ӵʥϻѪ̵Ĵʥ
Щ飬ÿһҶǳ֪ˡ
ڳʥǣ³չصģڳغҲҶǳһЩ顣
Ǻǡ
ʥı飬ڹʥɵ΢΢һЦ漴˵Ҳˣ̲Ҷλʥ㹻ʸʥˡ
ʥԴ˵ͷһֻҪһλʥ˴ڵɣѾʸλʥ֮ˡ
ʵǽڶʥˣܶʥضȲǡ
ʱвڰҶŴ¶⡣
ǿʥأ˭ύ
ÿʥصʥˣڵļɰô
ڳʥضûȻԸύһǿʥء
Ͼʥ̫ɢˣеʥر˴ѰѣΣյʱõ
սʥڰһ
ȻǷܹʥˣλͶƱʥûκӵжȨһ˶ɴͶƱ
ڹʥʥ˻֣Ц˵ϹأͨԱӵһƱȨԱӵʮƱȨҿʼͶƱɡ
ڹʥĻ֣ǰ֮Уʱ¶һ޴ĹĻ
ǻ硣
ԶҶȻһЦԭڻͶƱҲ򵥡
ֻû뵽ЩµĹʥȻҲ硣
ǹʥҲʱְ
ҶСӣһԱʮƱ߸ҲʮƱѣڳʥˣٶλֻҪõһϿɾ͹ˡëһɵش
ҶЦֻǽʥ˶ѣ˵ѾʮʥˣһҲû£Ȼᷴԡ
ë˵ͷȷˡ
˿ǰľ޴Ļ
ֻ¶ɫͰɫɫĴͬɫĴܾ
˿̣ɫĹѸߣɫĹֻǸһ㡣
ȻڳĴʥˣǲʥ˶һ̡
ͶƱģƾڵʥˣǽõʥˡ
ˣ
ڵĹʥѾˣʱһЦݵؿҶţϲҶϲˣҴʥˣӭǲ̵ļ롣
Ҷ΢Цŵͷ
Ȼǲ̼ʥûʲôôԺΪ˹ʥмҲΪ˹ʥôаƿʥˡ
ʱһЩʥصôԿĴ̺ˡ
Ž
ʥ˵⿿ǲ̣ҶǳķɹʥˣҲԿĴ̺
ΪĴ̺ӵкܶʥ⣬иǿʥ
˵ǻ
һʥֳǼڻ½޵С
ʮ칬ʮλʥֻĴ̺֮£Ϊû
ϧʮ칬û뵽ҪŽЩʥء
ЩʥصʵȻôһȺʥؼһǿˡ
Ҷſɲʮ칬ôɵѾѪ̣ǰʥ˵УǲеԿѪ̡
˼֮䣬ҶźȻԶսʥ˵䣬ȻѾʥˣôչأѪԲ̣ʥ˾͸óˡ
ҶЩȵؿսʥٿԪ䣬Ҳһ֮ɫƺû뵽սʥȻ顣
ΪǶ֪ǲͨ顣
Ȼ
սʥ䣬ڵĹʥ˵̺Ѫ̽ԹǼʥ֮ǰǿûǽʥ֮ǰ顣
ô˵ЩʥΪʲôҪʥˣΪĲǻ౨ȡů˭ҲٳΪڶʮ칬ɣ
սʥȻˣôֻҪʥ˵һԱǾͻмǰ֣֮
˼иսʥأԼĴ̺ȻټʥˣǾ͵ðȥĴ̡ƴƴ
ڵĹʥһЦʥ˹ͱˣʥȻҪŽһ¶⣬ҲһǾǵռ
սʥԳЦʲôʱˣ֮ǰʮʥΧҶΪҲ֪
ֻһȺӲ¶ѡڵĹʥɫһ
սʥЦҿᡣ
ϼһ㡭ڵĹʥԣɵŭսʥ
սʥЦѡ
Χʥλʥԣ˭ҲûҲ֡
Ҳ֪Ǳ˴˵жԡ
գڵĹʥһЦλϨŭǻϹأͶƱɡ


1581 赶
ڹʥ飬ûκ飬ϾĴ飬ȷҪͶƱû˿
ֻҶŶεͶƱûж⣬Ϊ֪ͨ
ΪεͶƱ֮ǰͶƱͬεͶƱԱǵͶƱֻλʥͶƱȨЩֻܸɵۿš
ǹʥȨ
ҲǶʥصȨ
Ҷ۾ŲԶλʥ̺һ˿ҰġΪʥ֮ҲʸΪԱˡ
ʱʥһĻȨ
ʱЩıҪʥʱٴİҲúķһС
ܹʱٴǵʱһ򱶣ʱһ
һֻҪһǧʱ䣬ıܳɹʥˡ
ʱ̵ʮ֮һ
һǧ꣬ʥ˵ʵǺܳ
ʱ䣬Ҷǳܵȵ
ֻʱٴ̫
Ҷǳëо˺ܶΣûгɹ
Ȼʱһϵĳɾͣ޵ġ
еҪԭҶǳҲ͸ˡ
ëë֪ʶѾ㹻ˣȱٶʱһ
ëʵޣʱһ˽⻹Ҷǳ
ҶǳΪռδܳʥʱһҲƿ
ǵȵҶǳʥ֣ʱٴٵһˡ
һҶǳܿգΪ޷ʥ
Ҫʥ볬ԽȼĲϲС
ֵȼĵر½ûУֻлС
ҶǳĿǰģҲֻܼ壬ϣгһտ񣬷硣
Ҹȥһʱʥˡ
Ҷа뵽
λʱʥܹƳʱɼʱһѾߵ˼¡
̣ټë֪ʶǾ㹻ˡ
ϾʱѶȿɱȲѶˡ
ֻǲ󷨣ë֪ʶ㹻ˡ
ֲһʱǿûǸ¡
Ҷ֪λʱʥǾŻӵʦ
ʮ߻ѹ˾Żӣǰʮ߻˽
ô;Żӳˡ
ǾŻӵʦʱʥ
Ҷžüܡ
ҶŻȥһԣһɹأ
ǿܹ̱ʥʮʱ䰡
Ҷ׼ȥʱ͸飬һ߷ȥ۶ʱʥ
ڵݣҲ㹻ʸʱʥˡ

ҶôʱʥʱͶƱѾˡ
һͶƱ4:3
߸ʥֻʥ̵ֲ֧ģЧ
ҲҶЩȡ
Ϊֻսʥһ˵ͶƱء
ȴû뵽Ȼʥ֧
ҶſɲʶЩʥʥ֧սʥġ
һͿóսʥʥ˵Ȩж
ҶڹʥˣȻƷսʥ飬Ҳûʲô顣
Ϊףε飬ȫսʥչʾԼġ⡯
ڵĹʥˣΧʥҲˡ
սʥѾ£סλʥٶһʥôսʥܹƿʥˡ
˲䣬ΧʥǣڶԴսʥڵʥʱԵøˡ
λʥ֮У˵ɫҲһ
ڹʥɫȻ鲻̫á
ڵĹʥɫأսʥ֪ԼСλսʥ
λʥҲɫһԿȥ
ΪǲͶƱû֪ǵ˺սʥˡ
ǵĵ顣
δ֪¡
ıǸˣҶսʥûĹʥתͷһǸضҶ˵
Ҷһսʥ漴ȭǰܹ飬Ѿܸмˡ
ҶڶλսʥǹĿ࿴ˣԷܺˬʵǸһ򵥵
Ҷһݾ衣
ȻڸսʥڽãԪ佻ãսʥȨģλսʥ
ȷԪ䲻ȴ޷֤λսʥ᲻
ԣǽá
ԷֻǽΪһڵĹʥȻûʲô˺Ͼ
Ҷкܲˬ
λ˭𣿡
ڵĹʥһ˵ĳ˼˵ûĻҾ͸Խɡ
ڵĹʥƺûʲô˻ˣ˵ˡ
˶ԴҲЩ⣬Ϊ˻ᣬǸλڵĹʥͷŶԡ
ȴǱսʥ˷ͷ
ټսʥչ¶ġ⡯ҲڵĹʥľûʲôˡ
⼸λʥսʥҲȥ
ǿûҪЩʥСʥ
ܹΪʥʵǾ飬Զʥ
ܹʸǽģҲͬһЩʥС
ԣֽᣬʥǶٲμӡ
һȺʥСʥڻཻ


1582 һֽԼ
λʥȥʥ˷ϵʥȫ˿˶
ȻܴҶʥˣʥһǸеѹ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Щʥʵǿ࣬¸ǱǶöࡣ
ЩʥΪʥʱڳĺܶʥ˶ûгء
ΪܴǲűΪʥ
ɷôֻͣǡᡯĹʥ
սʥڹʥЩˣõʱ͸޷ˣʮ칬ڵʱǶѾΪʥˡ
ԣʥԸЩʥһΪܾЩʥǰԼ͸ĺһᱻԷ͸͸ָоܲá
ҶľǿЩʥȻҲеѹġ

Ҷ֣
ʥཻʱ򣬺ԪһǸط˹
Ҷ֣ǸҸ֪ԪҶŵǸҲû뵽սʥͻȻ顣
Ҳǰ׳գ֪ܿսʥ⡣
սʥһβ̣ԪеҲΡ
ϾսʥΪսʥ
ңսʥĳҲ޷սʥ
˵ЦˣҺܸмսʥǰεŬûа׷ѣֻҪٶȡһλʥİܹͨˡ
ҶЦ˵
֪ⲻغԪ飬ȻԪ䡣
ң˱սʥЩˬ֮⣬ʵǲҲȷûгԿ
Ϊսʥ¶ʵҲøսʥڽõĲ̻
Ժڵﲹ̵ʱ򣬾ͻῼһսʥ̬ˡ
лҶܹ⣡ԪҶŸмص˵ͷ֪Ҷſ϶ǿϣŲġ
뵽˴ԪЩǸΡ
Ҷǳʶ϶ҶǳĺôͷսʥҪһ²̣Կ
Ԫ⣬ȥһҪսʥ˵££һλʥ̵ͨ飬˵ԿѪ̡
ҲΨһˡ
ϾҶǳڵʵѾҪСʥʲôæˡ
ҶСӣսʥϼһʲô˼֪޷ͨҪᡣ
ںԪ뿪֮Աߵëüʵ
ҶԴһΪڵĹʥȷսʥ˵ĵλҲҪǣսʥںǿǲֻҪԹսʥڵСܣ˻úá
ʱԱߵ񲹳Ҿãڣսʥǿ⣬αڵĹʥε⣬ҲҪôһڵĹʥȷһλá
Ҷŵ˵ͷ
ëҲǰ׳գ֮ǰûѣڱһѣϾˣɵðϻ쵰Ȼûģȫǵˣ
Ҳ˵ûģֻ˵˼ҸûǷѡҶŵ˵
ëȻ֮˵Ӻܲˬ
Ŭʥ磬ʱ˵ԱˡҶЦ
ëʱˡ
һλƬĴʥ֪²ܳΪʥ
δˡ
УҶǳС
ëҧҶ˵СӸϽ쵽ʥ磬ʱʹսʥһ٣ҲҲǷ
취ʱٴһ򱶰ڵٶȣҪһܳɹʥҶ̾
ëЩƵ˵үΪޣʱƿˣʱͻƣܹһǧѾҵļˡ
׼λȥ֮ȥʱʥһ£ǲ֪ǷԸæˡҶ˵
ëǵ㲻˵ϼһǾŻӵʦƲæġ
˵ʱʮ߻ʿɣԾˣоˡһѣʵ˵ҲǺܾáҶ˵
ɣүȥǽˡëڰ֣תȥ
СҲһȥˡ
ڳٸʥˣлдģл۵ģóԼصıﻥཻġ
ǳ֡
Ҫ֪Ҫôʥ˸ۼǳס
֪һľۻᡣ
ʥǳϧ˴˽
ҶŶЩдʥ˲СЩʵ̫ûһĶ֡
ȤһЩʥó׵ı
Ҫ֪ʥ˳ֵıȻͬ죬һЩϺѼϡƷ
Ҷʵ۽һ˲ٺöŶ۲
ϧЩļ۸ҲܹҪôһʥҪôһʥ
ҶԼȱʥô
Ҫ֪ҶǳڵķˣÿҪһʥԺǲ̻ʥ˳֣Ȼܰʥ׳ȥ
ԣҶż㿴۲Ҳֻҧ뿪ˡ
ֱһصƷע⡣
һֽԼ
Լݺܼ򵥣ǰԼɱһˣôԼ˾ͻĴ֮͸
Ҷû뵽ⶫȻҲó˼ˡ


1583 ʥ
ҶŵĿԼƿǰλԼġʥˡ
ԷԵúܽš
ΪֻһСʥڵɣҲֻһСʥһʥء
Ҷأ
֮ǰ磬ȫĿҶŻɱһλʥڵǿߣڵʮʥֲֹܡ
ڵĹʥҶŶԣһ㶼·硣
ʵλСʥУǾһ߲ʵĴڡ
Ȼܽš
Ҷǰǻͼǰ˽ǻͣæһضҶ
Ȼ˵Ͳ֪Ҷǳ˶꣬ڻ½ǴΪ
ʵǿǰ
ǿΪһĹ
ض񣬶ʥˣּɡҶ΢΢Ц
漴ҶָָǻǰһֽԼʵʲôҪԼ㱨𣿶ңû˵Ĵұʲôƺҵ˰㱨𡣡
ҶžǰʥЩŹ֣㶼û˵ĴұʲôҪ㱨ôܣ
ҲҪĴұǷˣǷֵС
Ͼ㱾һʥˣôĳҲ϶һʥˡ
նɱһʥˣǿɲһɵ顣
û㹻ı˭Ը⣿
ǻ͵ã߱˴ұʲô˭Ը
ҶŹһﲻǵһˣȻʧˡ
ҶˣⲢµԼһλġ
ǻæҶ˵λѲûгʥԼġ
Ŷ
ҶſŸǻһѶʥˣĴұʲôֵ٣ʥ˵û취ǡУѵĳʲôҲ޷𣿡
ҶλȻûгʥϿɲ򵥡
ǻɫ࣬ɫλڵɽڣںܾǰǽʥأһǳǿʥأһҶڻõ
ʥϵʥأϧΪʮ칬ãһԿħʥ˴һۣϵʥûˣڶѾûʥˡ
ǻͼ˵λѵĳˣһλɢ޴ʥΪڴʥڣ಻ᳬʥڡΣҲǴʥ޾ɢ޴ʥԺܶʥضԸԼ
ʥء
ҶŸǻ͵Ѿ¼磬Ѱںʥء
ʱϢӿҶŵԺС
ǻ˵ûڵȷ򵥣ʥǿĿֲ
ȫʢʱڣλʥһǳϵʥˣʵǳǿ
Ҷ֮һ𾪡
ӵһλʥʥأǶѾǶʥˡ
ӵλʥʥأǸжǿ
൱սʥڰ
Ҷżȥٶˡ
Ϊʥصλʥӵһ׺ϻ󷨣֣ȫԿһλʥ
һλʥȫǻ½ǿսû֮һ
ǿʥأȻû䵽ûʥ˴ˡ
Ҷһꡣ
漴ҶſĸǻͣһʵȻѵͷôĴұӦúмֵŶԣôû˽Լأ
ʥȻûˣǱϾǳλʥǿʥأ¹ʥһˡ
Ҷ벻ͨôû˽Լ
ҶλƢǿ߱˴ұʲô˭ҽӰ
ǻͿЦһʲôмֵı˼ǰæˣ
ңʥɢޣɲôױɱģǶʥسλʥΧС
ˣҲзգһûгɹɱǾͺλɢ޴ʥˡԷɢޣ޾򲻹㣬ҲܶԸµӣ㹻㣬ԲûʥؽԼ
ǻ̾
λҲΣôĳˣ㲻¶Ĵұ˭㣿
йʥеĵ۲Żְɡ
λиԣҶҡͷʧЦ
˼һһŴҪ˼ȥɱһλʥɢޣôף
ܹǴʥʥôɵ
Ҫ˵¶ĴұǷǳмֵıǻжʥؽԼˡ
ƾϵû
ϾǴұǺмֵĻô޷ٶһʥˣ
ңԼ¶ұҲǵ޷򶯴ʥǿΪ㱨
˭ԸԼƶЦЦ뿪ˡ
ҶŶǰĸǻЦѲҪͽ޹ɣû˻ġ
˵꣬Ҷű׼뿪
ǻæ˵Ҷ
ôҶŻͷϷŰؿŸǻͣЦҪ𣿾ᣬƭ
ң
ǻæ֣ҧ˵ҶȻûѵǼұҿ㱣֤ǼұﳬֵҪǣҶ˵ɱһɢ޴ʥѣβһΣ


1584 
˵Ǻң
ҶһؿǰĸǻͣЦ˵㱣֤ǼұﳬֵҾԼ˵ûǼұô֤
ǻæ˵ҶֻһСʥĸҺ㣬ҾͲ㱨𣿡
ҶŲţ˵ȻûǼұҺλʶܶˣǳƳұƭҵġ
ĳǻͺλѵĹϵܺãȻҲôҶŽˡ
֮ǰʶҶŵǿʵǻͷǳǰλˣаѱ
ҶţⱲӶ뱨ѩˡ
ҵһʶ㣬ƾı֤ŷ
Ҷ˵գ¶һĨ֮ɫλѵĳ˭ȻǴʥӦòǼ֮Ŷԡ
ǻһߺ޵˵˽־껣һ޳ܣ˵ʥˣʵʥ˵ĳ衣
ҶüͷһϷŰؿʹҲг𣡡
ҶˣҺԩ޳Ҳֻѡǻæֵ
ҶЦ񰡣ƺֹô򵥡
Ҷ֣˵û־껵ȷһʥˣʥ˵ĳ衣ʱһϤ
ҶתͷȥǺԪˡ
֮ǰͱʥȥдˣʱϢһ¡
ϾʥдҲҪķܳʱд衣
ԪҲǳûûԼҪıϾЩʥ˳ƷǾƷû뵽ҶţԾ͹ˡ
ôҶ֣ԼȤ
Ԫ俴һ۸ǻǰԼʱȻЦ˵ʥѾûˣҵʥرɢ޹ƣǵıﶼˣﻹʲôұ
Ҷɻؿǻ͡
ǻڨڨһЦɫͨ˵Ҷûƭ㣬ѵȷдұ
ԪЦʥصıﱻЩɢʥ˸ˣЩʥҲһʥ˶޷ˡ
һԵҶźЩɢΪʲôҪʥأʥû𣿡
ʥصѺǿʮ칬иʮ칬õʥأϧȫһսˡ
Ԫҡͷʥأôǿʥأһûʥ˼ս˭ۺ죿ǿһ⣬󱦲ذ
Ҷŵ˵ͷʥôǿʢȻкܶ౦ǳˡ
ֻԪ˵Щɢʥ˵ķⲻԣŸʲôȻʵҲʥس֣Ͼ˭ԸŹ⡣
սʥҲзݣǻɫ˵
˵ͺˣΪսʥ̫ǿˣûʸҲҵսʥڣɵġ
ϧںҲˡ
˵ȥĻóȥˮ
Ԫ䲢û⣬˵ҳϣȻҵûгҵȷһЩ顣ֻǣ½ǿʱ˼㣬СʱǾͻᱻԸɾ
Ԫ̾ǿʳˣʥصļҲôûʵôصסսʥڲȥԣҲȥԡ֮УսʥڲûɱʥصκһߣѾ御ˡ
ǻɬ
˱˵ĵı˵御
Ԫ˵öԣ½ˡ
ʥطʱʥضõһʥܣЩʥؾ͸һ
䵽սʥͷϣҲһ
Ҷ֣֪Ϊʲôʥôʹ־𣿡
Ԫ俴Ҷ˵־ֻһСʥҲǴжΪǴж֮еõ˲ٺöЩųɳ˴ʥڣ˵Ҳһۡ
˷ǳûеߡʥʥصʱٻ˼ʥӣʥص֣߳ʥص赲
־ȴǳĺʥصıɱʥشߡ
Ԫһ̾ϢʥȻûˣʵмӣܹδزܳʥǣ־껸ɱˡ
ЩֻҪʥʲôų֣Ӳ־껵Ķ֡Ҳ֪Լ̫ˣԲʥ𡣡
ҶһԾ־껾Ȼôݣѹôʥصʹޡ
ֻǣΪβһʥأ
Ҷɻʵ
ԪЦ˵Ϊʥã۷ʱڣһλ֮Ů޸һλλ飬ʥس֮󣬱㼰ʱһЩʥصĵӸˣŵʥ˴С
ʥصΪʲôλǱ𣿡Ҷʵ
ʱԱߵĸǻͿЦλʥص֮ŮҲʥصʥˣħСλΪҲʮʹʥأȻȫʥصĴУҲڴˡĻЩ꣬־Ҳ޼ɵɱʥصĽܳˡ


1585 ʥ˳
ӺԪ˽⵽ʥص֮ҶתͷԸǻ˵λѣҰնɱ־껣ͱ֪ұʲôû˻
ԪԵ˵ͷͬҶ˵Ĳ֪ǼұļֵȻ˭Ը֣
ҾǼұļֵ󣬱Ͼֵı궼˸ˣôܻʣ
ңԷҲ֪ұֵ󣬲Ȼô¶ǹŪ飡
Ԫ˵ĺе
Ҷſǻ˵ûпұļֵǲ˰ġ
ǻɫЩΪѣ˼Ƭ̣漴Ҷ˵ҶԵƬ̣һ
ãʱߣ̸ˣʱҡҶ˵꣬ͺԪʥȥˡ
ԪҶԱ˵Ҷ֣ӣ׼æˣ
Ҷŵ˵֮ǰû׼£ҸղŲһ£Ǹ־껵Ĵʥȷʥ˵ĳ裬ǼұֵԣҾͳְһΡ
ǵģղѾͨѯ˹־껵Ϣˡ
ΪʥǿߣٶڻһЩϢ
־껵Ϣ͸ˡ
ΪΪʥеĳ裬̫ˡ
ΪʲôᱻΪʥеĳ裬ΪɱʥغܶߣΪΪ棬ֱֶΡ
־껵ĴʥûʥչؿޣŪ˸רһЩܹþ޴棬ȴ顣
˵һרڻ½°˿ڣȻǿ
УŪһɱ֯רŽӴɱ⡣
ץһЩúÿŮߣһЩƤ⡣
׬Ǯµ飬ˡ
ɱʥˣôô
ʥ˶ǺҪģǾżҲ˽£ᱻ˷֡
־껻Ĺ±˲֪ʥеһ
־Ҳǰ׳գȻǵŭԹȴȥЩʥ˴ڵʥء
ԣЩʥҲķѹԸһʥ
־껵ڶֳңڡ
ʥ㣬ǺϣǵĴұеֵɡԪҶŵĻɵùЦ
ǿһʥɢޣ޾޼ɵ
ˣû㹻棬ǶʥأҲԸȥǡ
뵽ҶŵʵԪҲȻˡ
Ҷŵʵټëʥϣ־Ҳɡ
ùɣҶҡͷһЦ
֮Ҫɱ־껣Ϊרڻǣһдӻǿչ·½䵥ˣͻᱻ¸ץˡ
ҶҲ뵽ħƴ½Ĳ̣Ժв̵ĵӴӻǿչ·ϹץˣΣˣ
ΪˣҶžбҪɱ־ʥ˳衣
Ͼ˵նɱһʥҲֶֻѣûʲôѹ
ȻǰǶԷĴұֵֵ̫ˣҶȥֳǾһ־껣Сĵ㣬Ժץ̵ĵӾˡ
ҶſɲΪԼʲôˣ½Ļ̫ˣܲһȥܰɡ
ͺԪţԶĸǻͱҴˣæҶ˵Ҷλ˵㿴һĴұصڵ۶
һԵĺԪЦ˵˵ǻʥصλʥ֮Уһġңȷʥصĵϵˡ
ˣ޸λ֮ŮҲǳҡΪˣֻҪڵ۶û˸Ҷҵˡ
ҶԶʱ׶ԷǵԼϾʥ֮Ҳ־ĳ裬һĴұ㱨
գҶŵЦպãҲҪȥһ˵۶ʱȥȼҵĻ硣
ǻ͵˵ͷ漴ǻĻҶš
ûһҶžյǻĺˣϾͬˡ
һУҶűͺԪ뿪ˡ
ѣֻܰ㵽ˣϣܹɹɡǻͿҶŵıӰ뵽

˻ʮʱ䣬ʥصʥˣȥ
ҶŻӱԪ֮Ҳë뿪ˡ
ͨٴԨǡ
ʮʱ䣬ȽѾԨǺ֮ǵĴˡ
ԣҶֱӳ͵ִ֮ǡ
ص֮ǺҶűʱٴ󣬽еľҶǳ
УҶǳ˫ŴҶﴫϢβŻ۾ڵĹʥò
˼Ҫǲ̶֣һԣëɫһݡ
üսʥսʥչʾʵڵĹʥҶǶ֣
ܿˣ
Ҷǳҡͷڻ½ˣΪʱ֡⡯ֻԼڹʥǵԼ취
ʲô취ǿһʥСڵֵ𣿡ëҡͷ
Ҳ̾ǹʥеߣʮ칬ʱĹʥʵ϶ǿ


1586 ׼
ʱٴУҶǳӦڵĹʥ
λ˵ʷǿĵˡ
һʥһɷĳڹʥһλϵģɲĹʥ
ĳǿߣҶǳҲܵ˾޴ѹ
֪һãǲ̾ͱˡ
Ҷ磬㲻Ǹʮ߻ӽ𣿲ȥʮ߻ӣæС忪Ա˵
ûҶǳػëҡͷЦսʥָˣοʮ߻ӣΪʵʱ򣬲ܰǡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵˵Ĳڵʮ߻ӻ޷ԿʥĹʥҲ
ʥѾվڻ½۷ǿߡ
ǿߣǲκ˵ġ
ʥ£ǶøôС
ʮ߻ӣ
ʥƶ
̫Ĵûá
ǵʮ߻ӽʥʱ򣬲ʸЩʥ򽻵
أ㲻˵֮ǵĻǴԵֵסʥĹ𣿡Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳԺëһۣ˽¶Ц
ë̾Щ걾үȻĽ󷨣˵ҪԿʥǻЩǿңʥֿɲһΣǵĻǴ󼴱ԵֵһΣĴأ
ҶǳҲ˵οҲֻаյסڵĹʥڹʥƹʥǾͲ֪ˡ
ǵΪֹʵҲֻɷλʥ֡ڵĹʥʵǿڵĹʥ͸Ӳ˵ˡë˵
ʥŵʥɱأʥŵλʥλɢ޴ʥǿסɷǵĹǣʵóʥɱӦÿԿڵĹʥɣ
ҶǳҡͷʥɱʵһЦΪʵԿûз𣿵ɷǲûȫ֣ǲܵˣȻ㸶һ˿СĴۣɻɱλʥ
ڵĹʥƹʥȼ֮أʵʥɱԿġ
Ҷǳ°ͣ¶˼֮ɫҵķﵽʥ۷ʱٲʥɱ󣬾ܿڵĹʥˡ
ףڵĹʥ̫ǿˣɷĳڹʥеա
ڵĹʥʮ칬ʱѾǹʥˣôȥ˭֪ʵﵽһ
Ҷ磬ǰʥɣķʥʥ޵еġͻȻС˵


Ҷǳ˶תͷС塣
СЩԻôѵ˵Ĳ𣿡
ԣ̫ˣСүʥطˡëЦ
ҲЦ⵹ҲʧΪһ취ʥ棬ʥķܹӦԡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ֻ̾ôһܲһֱʥɣǻԣЩأܲܲȥɡ
˵һˣһСӾͳɹʥˣʱԺɨйʥǾͿԳȥˡë˵
ҲЩǡķѰħѨ𣿵ʱһȥնɱħҲܹá
ɣʥݷһ꣬һٸˡë˵
Ҷǳͷиһ˿ᶨ֮ɫϵ˵Ǿȥʥ棬ȥټӣʱ򶼽ҵʥ磬Ҵȥʥ档
õô鷳ҺաСǰ˴ʥˣһǱɡë˵
Ҷǳҡҡͷҹھʥ֮⣬һ¾ͻᱻڵĹʥɱ
ëɫһˣǻӲ
ܹڹʥǿģڳҲֻҶǳܹõˡ
ãȥţʱټеĵӡë˵
ҶǳټӢӣʣµĴɢ뿪֮ǣȥʥ档ȻǲԸȥʥ棬Ҳѡû֮ǰǲǸϾɱġ
ЩӵʵôûʲôвټսʥڣֻҪ͵㣬ûʲôΣա˵ͷ
Ǿͳɣ£һǴȥšëһתȥ
СҲһϾǲ̺ò֮Ǵ򿪾棬ȴǱǰʥǸʺĵط
ʵǱ
ҶǳҲ۾ﺮ˸֮ǾӪô꣬ò׸̰˸ңҪ뿪
Ǳ
ģ
ڣ֮գ
Ҷǳ˵


1587 ɷ
ȵë뿪֮Ҷǳ֮ǵֱҶġҶ塢ҶҶߡҶˡҶš
УҶġҶ塢ҶǴʥ硣
ҶߡҶ˺ҶţСʥ۷徳硣
ǰҶǳҶȥ۶ʱʥ˳㿴ǻĴұʲôҶġҶ塢ҶȥֳǣǻĴұΣǶҪɱ־껡
߷˵ͷû˵
ʵǺҶǳͨҶǳʲôȻҲվֻһ˵˼롣
ҶǳΪʲôһҪɱ־껣ܼ򵥣Ϊ˷й
ǻĴұôôҶǳྯһ־껡
ڣڸƼˣҶǳҲҪйһ¡
ȻӵùҲȥɡ
ɱ־껣Ҷǳûһƻв˽кأ˳һ²̵
ǰ
ȵ߷뿪֮Ҷǳ򿪻磬һϢ
ǰãյɷǵϢ
ԷڰѪλʥ׷ɱ
ò˵ʥʵǲһѱɱ
ҪȻѪҲʱҶǳǣרԸɷǡ
ʵɷʥѪ̵в̫ˡ
ҶǳʱвѪ̡
Сӣ鷳ˡɷǵͶӰ漴Ҷǳǰ¶
һ۵ɷǣɣǰҶǳ̾СӵĽ죬ѾﵽСʥ۷徳磬ɱʥڶˣҲѹֻѪ׼㶯ˡ
ţѪ̣ҶǳһȻѪ׼Ҷˣôѡʱ򣿡
Ҷǳʱͷۣһھ㹻鷳ˣ˵ǿѪˡ
ǺǣѪ̶֣ΪΪʲôͻȻжԣΪڵǸʥǰ׳գ鷳
ɷЦ
ҶǳһԾؿɷǣʵǰ˼˵֮ԶԸңΪѪ̣ǸѪ̹ˣ
ҷֵڵĹʥǰѪ̣Ѫ̳ҾڵжԵϢҪ˵ûйᣬôôɺϣ
ɷ˵գҶǳʥ˻ᷢ˵˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˻һһ
ɷ֮󣬲ɵҡͷС̫嶯ˣǼɰ׼Ȼܹʥ磬Ͳһ嶯İ׳աҹƣǽӵڹʥŹ̼㡣
ڵĹʥôȻǹҪǲ̽ʹҵֵɡ⣬ȻѪ̵Լ϶ǴѪõʲô
ѪҲ֪޷ֻ֣˶֡
ɷǿ֮еҶǳ˵ʵںܾ֮ǰҾ˵ڸѪ̵Ĺϵʮ칬ʱûٸѪ̴Ϣ
Ҷǳһߺ޵ԭһУ
ѣ
ɷǵ˵ڹʥǸΣԽԽˣֻҪѪܹĶıһʥڣں
Ҷǳ˿̣ʱ뵽˵ɰǰȻû뵽ڵĹʥЩĿԹؿڹʥ
ݰ
Ҷǳһɫ
ڹʥȻһʥҪȻǴһɱˡ
ԣһȫԸƹʥ
֪ǰܷһΣ
ȻҶǳ̧ͷǰɷǡ
µҲֻɷǰæˡ
ϾҲֻʶɷһʥ
ңǶѪΪУν˵ĳˣǱѡ
ǺǣڿǱʥ׷ɱҪȥ֮ǰ㣬Ǹʥʱ֪ǰ㣬Ǻ㡣ɷЦ˵
Ҷǳüǰû취㲻Ѿȫ𣿡
ȫ
ɷǷ˷ۣû˵ʥ׷ɱ˵ȫڵĵطʱûǷֶѣѾڵĵطǳȥ
ҶǳʱˣɷھƱһ棬ȻʱûѪ̵ʥ֣Ҳֲ˶á
ңѪ̵ʥô֮ǣ
Ҷǳǰ֪ʥľʲô𣿡
ʲôɷɻؿҶǳ
ҶǳҵĻþӦ˵ˣľﵽ۷ߣҪҵĻþսľֻǵκڵߣǾҪҵĻþս
棿ɷǵɴ۾𾪵ؿҶǳ
Ҷǳһŵ˵ҿԱ֤
ǾûˣСص㣬֣԰ʥˡɷǵһַҶǳ
ҶǳĿһɨ֪ɷˡ


1588 ս
֮⣬һ֮УһڵĴʥңң֮ǵķ
Ȼ
ڵĹʥ̤նߣŲԶ֮ǡ
棡ڵĴʥæ
ڵĹʥһ߿Զ֮ǣһߵʵʥ뿪𣿡
ûУҶǳǻ֮󣬾ûʥ뿪֮ǡڵĴʥæ˵
ڵĹʥЦһ˵Ǿͷɣڸ̵˽˶Թ˲Ҫ֣ΪС
ǣڵĴʥص˵ͷ
ú󣬻ڵĹˡ
һ˲䣬ȻһƬ
ʥҪˣǴ顣
Ҫ֪Щ꣬ҶǳҲ졣
ڣ͸Ӳ˵ˣƵĶʥأ˭֪
ڣȻҪսˣʱ߹ע
Ҳв߽ĿͶ˹

֮ǡ
ҶǳѾʱٴˣһʱ֪ڵĹ档
żҴҷС壬Ҷǳʵ˶ټ𣿡
ѾټˣЩȥʥĵӣҲͨ뿪ˡ
С˵գ΢΢ЦĿǰҪĵӣֻǼһİûл
ûҶǳüͷΨһĵӣȻôʥȥűա
ǼһҶǳѾϢȥǼһڷأҪ
ϢûлأС˵
ҶǳҲϢǰɲûлӦ
˵Ҫô鵢ˣҪôڵĵط˻硣
ҶǳԴ˲⣬½кܶطǸġ
ˣ߰ɣ
ΣҶǳֵֵô󣬵ʱȻ֪ʥ档
ţС˵ͷ
漴ǰ̡
޴Ĺ㳡ϣѾǺѹѹһƬ
̵ʥˣ̵ĳǣ̵ĵӣ߳ɶˡ
ÿ˵϶Žź͵֮ɫΪҲͨ磬֪ϾҪǲˡ
ڿǶʥأڻһʥǲ̶ù
ڳĲ̵ӣƶŲܹùڡ
ǳģȴûлңվ
Ҷǳʱ̵ĵǣɵõ˵ͷë˵һΪ˻̿־û뵽ֻǵǶѣǵĽ
㲼õ󷨣Щ˶ûǲ̡ܹǲ̵ĵӣ־ᶨ֮Ц˵
ëҲԺھڶ࣬ǲһֱԣǵĵƽʥҪǿöࡣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ϸ̨
㳡ϣһڲ̵ĵӺͳǣȫҶǳ
ҶǳȻչأΪ̵ĽΪ½ĳţ̵ĵӺͳȻʶ
֪ΪʲôڵӺͳǣҶǳվǰʱǵĶʱ
λ
Ҷǳվڸ̨ϣĿɨڵӺͳǣеĲ˵ͷ
Ѿ֪ˣҪǲ̡
Ҷǳˣƽ˵ʥʱǶ֣ԣǵ뿪ȥʥ档
ʥǶʥʥȥҲδҵĶ֡
ҶǳǱ֤һ꣬һҴȥڡ
Ҷǳܵ·˵һƽ顣
ǣֵҲò̵ڵӺͳİ
Ǿý⣬ǾûʲôΣգһѣǵȵ
ңҲ֪Ҷǳ˵ûʥǵطǷǳġ
ʥ棬ʥҶǳȻӵо޴ơ
ǲ̲ڡ
СӣķһƶûУ籾үȥ˵
Ҷǳ̨ʱëƲ
Ҷǳ˷۵ִ򲻹ڵĹʥ˵ƣʱ򱻱ĶǴǵʿ
ûë֣ҶǳԼʥ磬һڲ̵ĵӺͳȫ˽ȥ
ҲȥɣҶǳëС˵
ëֵȵȰɣǼʶһ¹ʥʵȵҪʱٽȥҲ١
ðɣҶǳ˵ͷ֮ǵĻǴԼֵܹסڹʥһеġ
ڴʱ
һӴϢ֮⴫
Ҷǳɱͽ㲹̡ڹʥ֮ϿպƵš
ʱӴ֮ǣһҡΡ
ѤĻǴͷų貵ĹĻ֮ǡ
Ҷǳվ֮ϿգעŲԶ̤նڹʥ


1589 
ڵĹʥˣҲһˡ
Ҷǳûпڵʥˡ
ȻλڵĹʥţһˣ̡
ʵϣʥȷʵ
˵ṵ́ͼѪ̵ıԼͽﶼˡ
ëŲԶڹʥϼһ˵Ƥ񡣡
֮ǰ𣿡ڵĹʥǣ˵
ûΪǰЩˣֻǽ֮˶ѡ
һʲô
Ҫɱң㻹ţҶǳؿŲԶڹʥɱңԺұضڡ
ģûԺˡڵĹʥ˵
Ҷǳ츳ǺܸߣǶ˵ֻҪûгɳţǶߡ
Ҷǳ俴һڹʥ漴Աߵë˵սʥǱô˵
Ѿ֪ͨսʥˡ
ȻָսʥڣҲҪʿ
ûظǱߵĻƺˣëɫ
ԶڹʥĮؿǣҡͷ̫ˣΪսʥڻΪǸƴȻҲһλʥסսʥ
ëԣʱɫһ
֪Ǳָսʥˡ
ҶǳŲԶڹʥ˵²ģѪġ
𣿡ڵĹʥ˵
ǵģûѪ̣ڹʥҪ̡
Ǿսɣ
Ҷǳ˿ضڹʥҼʶһ¹ʥս
˵գһƬõĹâ֮ϿձŲԶڹʥȥ
գһ˲ȫ顣
أһս
֮ǵĻǴһ̱ҶǳȫӶǰδеĹ
ԶڹʥɫȻ¶֮ɫĵ𣿡
䣡
޾Ĺâϯ֮ϿһƬ貹â
ֲ˷ϯȥ
Ƭضڲ

֮ء
Ҵʥ˫֣վڸ߿Уһֻؿ֮ǵķ򣺡Сӣҿţǵϼһ˰ɡ
ڵĹʥ֣Сˡ
ҴʥеޱȽһˬ
չأëǴţֱҶǳţǱƵתһеޱȵ衣
ԣڹʥ֮ǣҴʥԵúܿġ
𰡡

սʥڡ
һλ̤նսʥȥ
ϼһû뵽ǼһȻ붯ˡսʥɫضǰߡ
߿սʥ΢΢ЦսʥþòһӣǶһΣ
Ǽһܹ붯㣬սʥ벻˹ʥ𣿡սʥؿǰߡ
ҡͷûҪһռ֮СһѣֵķѾ޴˵ӦѾˣⲻڶԸѪ̣ȷҪվѪ̵Ķ棿
Ѿʥˡսʥ˵
Цʥ˲ǶʥŪԿĴ̺ģʥأں𣿵ĹʥرƣҲûʥ˳ְ
ôʧ˴塣սʥ
ߵЦǼ򵥣ԱݰͿˣ˵սʥֲûȥˣֻǱҸס˶ѡ
սʥ۾ڹʥԱݣҪƿʥˣ˵ȷһýס
ֻǣҪˡ
սʥƬ̣˾
ƿʥ˱һ̱㲻ʲô
桪ԶԪ伱ҴҸϹ
սʥһۣ˵Ҳˣһλʥˣ벻
Ԫһͣ˵ڿʥ㲻ʥ˲㻹
ֻǣսʥԲ˵ˣ˻֣㽫Ԫ롣
סսʥڵ㲻ܸ£κ鶼ҪΪսʥڿǣսʥڵһС
սʥĻںԪ
ԪȻһЦóϵƣһ棬Ըó֮λԸȥ̣ǷҶֵġ
޴սʥŭһһ£ֱӾͰѺԪѹ˵صף޷

ĳأҶߵӰ¶򿪻磬ɷǴѶ
ǰѾﵽָĵصˣٹһϡ
ҶǳҶ߹ɷǡ
ֲҪֻ֣Ҫͷɡ
ҶǳľŴһľ۷壬ͷŵҲһ
Ȼһԡ
Сӣ֪ˣԵƬ̣ϹغãٻϼһɷǴѶ
ҶһݣȻ֪ɷ˵ϼһѪ̵ʥ
ԼϢ


1590 
˵ǶʵҲֻǿڸһԼϢҶ߷ǳ޷ӹʥ̽顣
ֻҪ̫ԣʥҲ̷
ߣʥ㷢ˣҲᵱ¡
Ͼ¶ϢֻСʥѪ̵Ĺʥ϶
Ѫ̵Ĺʥ϶עɷϡ
Ҷ֮Уңңǰ
ͨɷǷλãܹжϳɷǾԽԽ
Ƭ̣Ҷ߾͸ܵɺƴƥϢǰʺƵ
Ϣȫǹʥ
ǰϢҶϳˣɷǡ
ϢɷǵĻҪǿ࣬ȻѪ̵ʥ
ɷǣӲģ־ܰɣ
ɷǣò׽˹ʥ磬ҲˣѪ̱𣬼ֱѰ·
Ѫ̵Ĺʥɷǽ׷ᡣ
ɷǻͷŭѪǹʥأֻҪһһ죬Ѫ̾ͱùɱǣҲҪɱѪ̵ĴʥСʥѪ̵ĵӲ


Ѫ̵Ĺʥŭ
ЩӱɷǵĴʥСʥޱȷŭǶͽͽʧ̫ˡ
߳ŭ𣿿ϧκβҡɷ޼ɵشЦǳʹ졣
ⱲѾûʲôĿˣڻŵΨһĿģǱ
ɱǹʥصеˡ
֪Լ޷Ѫ̣ҲҪɱѪ̵ʥˡ
״ǣҲеۡ
ɷǳԶȥһڻ緢ϢСӣ
ǰϾͷþˣ׼áҶߴѶ
ɷյҶǳϢɵתͷ󷽽׷Ѫ̵ĹʥʱһЦȲѪˣȹʱ䣬ɱѪ̵ʥˡ
ߣһѪ̵Ĺʥȵ
ߵֻҪǶסһλʥܹϹһѪ̵ĹʥЦ
˺ܿ׷ɷǡ
ȻҲɷǹٶȵԭ
ΪɷѾܵҶߵĴˡ
ջñ䣡
Ҷߵͺȡ
һ̣һ޴罵٣Ѫ̵λʥɷǶ档
Ҷ߲ٿ磬ûйɷǣֻѪ̵ʥ
ţ
ǻþ
Ѫ̵ʥɫ΢䣬Ҳû£Ϊǿǵľлþܹв
Ǻܿ죬ǵɫͱޱȾʡ
ôܣ
Ѫ̵Ĺʥ𾪺
ΪǸܵĿ
գ
ɷȴ׼Ѫ̵ʥʱ̷Ѿ׼õĹ
ǰٶȣ׼ʽ
ʱѪ̵ʥ֣һ˲ʧ֮С
һ˲ʱ䣬ҲɷǸסˣط˹
¡¡
߿ž޴ޱȵǳǿɷٻݺݵغǰλѪ̵Ĺʥ
ʱѪ̵ĹʥֱӾͱˡ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ̵Ĺʥû׼£ܵɷǿһʱѪɡ
ã
ɷǿһĻҲɵôһá
Ѫ̵ʥô꣬һֱ·磬ǱӴܣʲôʱ
ֱҪ̫ˬˡ

ɷʿɱѪ̵ʥ
䣡
λʥʱڸ߿мս
ҶڲԶ֮Уζؿš
Կóİ£ʥ֣ҲѹƲסɷǣɷǸռϷ硣
ҾȻʵ
Ҳʵþֲ̫ˡ
Ѫ̵ĹʥԽԽľ
֪ɷǵʵǿˣǵʵһ룬ʵ
ˬʹ죡
ɷԽԽ˷ܣ˵۴С
Ҷ߲ɵҡҡͷЩ꣬ɷǱѪ̵ʥѹŴ򣬲ȻôĻ
ֻǣʱ䲻࣬ҶæɷǣǰǱķǱ߶ԿڵĹʥǰ֮ǡ
ʲôɷһΪҶǳˣû뵽Ȼֻһ߷
ǣСһ߷ȻܰѶѪ̵Ĺʥս
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ңʥ˼ķҶǳСô۳ģ
ùʥ޷۳ǿķ
ǰ߰ɣҶ߼ߴٵ
ɷŷӦһ˶Ѫ̵Ĺʥ̳ҶߵĶ֮أץܡ
ȲˣѪ̵ʥϴɾӵţһһɱǡ
ɷǴЦһʧʡ
֮£ٶûбѪ̹ʥٶȣȴǱˣ׷ɷǡ
ɶ񣡡
Ѫ̵ĹʥԶȥɷǣŭ


1591 µĲ²
ˬ
ɷץҶ߼ٸ·һſЦǳ˷ܡ
Ҷ̲ס˵ϵʵǿһΪֻǳڹʥأû뵽һԶܴѪ̵Ĺʥ
Ϸǳڹʥ
ɷǵͷЦС̫߿Ѫ̵ĹʥˣҹͻΧΪѪ̵ʥ֮У˵ʵǵľǵκڣԱĻþʵ
ٺ٣ǵʵҲֻǿӽʥڶѣʵټͻȻϮǲűҸˡ
ɷһ̾ؿҶ˵СҴ۽ˣôǿĻþ㶼ܿȻСӵľҲǿȻﵽ˵۷壬ڹʥ֮Ҳǿˡ
ɷǷǳ𾪣Ҫ֪ľҲֻǴڵκڶѡ
ǰû˵ôţþڻؾҵõһλǰСҶǫ
ɷǶʱȻ򣺡ԭˣĴУǻþһģֱ̫ƥСˡ
ǰǻжòִ֮ܵǡҶЩĵʵ
ΪѾηϢߴˣɼǱ߿Ҫֵסˡ
ˣıټһ¡
ɷǿҶߣٴξ̾Сʥ˷ôģҿʥʵǿĿ¡Сӱﵽʲôˣ
Ǵʥ磡
Ҷ˵գҲûɷǣ˵Ǵһǿõķʮ칬ҴӦܰŹˡԵĻҵ⹦ҵЩѡ
ɷԣһ⣬ͷ˼ˣ
ˡ
ԵĻҵ⹦ҵЩѡ
ɷǾҶ仰Ƕģô˵ʹ˸ɫ
˵ҶߺŷȥֻǰԼ
Ҷ֮Զô˵ϣ취ĹԼõŷ
ɷг˼Ƭ̣ҶߵĻ֮У˼ҪϢ
ȣҶǳʹŷ˹ϵá
пܣҶǳǴӱġ
˵Ҷǳץס˵İѱƵ˲ò
ǣ˼ȻҪҶǳģ˵˵ʵ϶Ҷǳ֮ϣκβ
ڣҶǳֽæ˵ʵ֮ϡ
һ
ɷǾͿжϳ˵ΪӦǴʥ۷壬ӽʥˡ
ɷϸ֮ǸĵǷȲεǿߡ
ܿ죬ɷԺо͸һ֡Ҵʥ
ھӣ
ɷǲɵÿҶߣʵ
Ҷգգۣû˵
ɷѾˣ˾ǻҴʥ
ǺǣԭǸϼһãпҾȥɷǶʱЦˡ
ܹҶǳһЩʥ˷ڶһֶΡ
ңһʥ˷Ҳܹȥұĵ˱
Ҫ֪ĳ˿ɲֹѪһ
ˣСһԷֳɷ̲סʵ
ҶЦŸ
Ÿɷһ漴Ժһ˶֮ͣС
Ҷ߶ʱˣæߴٵϱͣ°ֲסˣ㡣
ɷż·ȴһƬһµĲ²⡣
Сӣ֪ʮ칬Ϊʲôʮ칬𣿡ɷǺȻʵ
ҶЦҵȻ֪Ϊʮ칬ʮλʥǲʮ칬
Сӵı𣬼ľŸڼɷٴʵ
Ҷ߿ЦϵСѧ𡭡ţ
Ҷ͵תͷɷǣЩŵŴͣ𾪵˵ʮ칬ʮλʥʵһˣ
̫˰ɣ
ˡתһﵽʥ磬ľŸʥ硣
ҪǾŴһֱӽ񾳽
һЩԡ
ɷиֻ䣬˵ǹʥصһλǰ˵˵˿ʮ칬λʥһŮоʱһЩЦʥΪŮԴס
Ĵ̺£Ҫôʮ칬λʥϾʮ칬̫ǿˣĴ̺ǳɵ
´ʮ칬ȴûʲôλʥû£ʱˣҲͲ֮ˡ
ɷǵĻҶ߶ʱ˵ֻһˣҲܹΪʲôˣϾһˡ
ɷǵ˵ͷ˵Ҳ뵽Żɵģңʮ칬ʮλʥ̫ɺˣ֪һʮλʥ
Ҷߵ˵ͷĴ̡ôǿɣûͬһʱʮλʥ


1592 
ʮ칬ʮλʥһˣ²̫ˣǴ˳ȥ½Ҫ𶯡
Ȼɷֻǲ²⣬Ҷ߾ÿԺܴ
һҪʮλʥ̫ˡ
Ĵ̺񣬲λʥ
ʮ칬ǰֻһССʥأôһʮλʥ
ңʮ칬ʮλʥֵʱҲ̡ܶ
ѵʮ칬Ų
һˡ
ҶЩġ
ôѷҲʥ磿
Ҫ֪ǵɾŸʥǿ߲а
ŸʥȥҾŸʥ
ڻ½ɱ˾Ÿʥǵĺ䶯
ѵħеʥ
ǵˣ
Ҷ߳˼ʱɷǵȻ
Ҷ̧ͷʱ˲Զ֮ǣԼڲٿ󷨣ڹʥսı
ǰͽˡҶ˵꣬ͺɷǷֱˡ
ɷǵͷ֮Ǳ߿ȥ

֮ǣҶǳѾë˸սʥ棬Ϊ֮ǵĻǴҪ֧Ųסˡ
ڹʥʵҪǿöࡣ
û뵽ΪȻԲóǿ󷨣ڵĴҲѷɫˡ
ڵĹʥһ߹֮ǵĻǴһҡͷϧվǹʥ޷ӳǿĻʥǰҲ󡣡
ҶǳëõǴ󷨵Խǿ󷨵Խǿ
ҶǳԼʵģû뵽ô͸ʥϣһڹʥôǿĹʥ
սڣǱǵ㹥ڹʥϣɲһ˺
ǽҶǳֻǴѾֲסˣڹʥĹ̫ˣÿһǿĿ¡
ңԷһɵӣȻûʹȫ
Ҷ쵰ôڻû
ҶǳаǺܿ죬ͷԼɵû˿
漴Ҷǳʩչջñ䡷һ罵ڹʥС
˼Ȼս
ڹʥüͷһ¶֮ɫףΪʲô˻ʱҶǳôɵնɱڵһλʥڵǿˡ
ֿµĻþڣ˵ʵɡ
⻹
ΪһϵĹʥľѾﵽ۷徳ˡ
ˣս
ǻЩľһĴʥʵᱻ٣
߳ɣǾųɣ
ڹʥŶ֮ǻǴڵҶǳ¶֮ɫͷǱΪ½һţռ֮ʥľΪ㶼֮ţҴҲǵһμ
˿ޣҶǳǺܿģڲϴߴҶ߸
Ҷ߸ϢϾ͵
Ҷǳʱ˿ڹʥߵϼһͲˣһһţڡ
ߣ
ڹʥҶǳҡͷߵ𣿲¸㣬ΧնѾҸˣ㼴ʱҲӳȥ
ǿδŶҶǳЦһ֧󷨣߳˴
ڹʥЩɻؿҶǳɵʱ߳
ڴʱһЦʴ
һ̣˵صնʱ
Ҷǳû˵ء
˭
ڹʥɫһ䣬Ȼйʥǿ߻ķգҶǳӳȥˡ
ϼһŰɣһѣжõġҶǳЦ
ڹʥһ̤գҶǳ׷ȥ
Ӳģڹʥ䶢Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳٶǺܿ죬ΪϵĹʥڹʥٶȸһ
¡¡
֮УԿõڹʥҶǳ֮ľڲϵ
ôټϷأ
ɷǺȻգһȭڹʥµƬշ顣
ԭ㣡
ڹʥ·ϣһִָָâͨڣᴩ񷣬˺գɷǻѪɡ
ϼһʵǿǸʦͬϲɷǲǵѪҺɫص
ֻһ㽫ˡ
ڹʥʵ֮ǰ׷Ѫ̵Ĺʥʵǿ
Сӣ߰ɣϼһʵﵽ˹ʥڣҿҪӽʥ۷徳ˡɷæҶǳ
Ҷǳһæͷųɷߣϡ
¡¡
ȵĻ𣬶ʱ鲼أƬոûˡ
ɷǻûиоʲôϾ򲢲ġ
еڹʥʱһĿеһγ֮ɫ
ǿ򡭡


1593 ׷
ڹʥɫһαޱأ֮ǰԵú򶨣·һж֮С
ڣĿֲòԴˡ
Ϊڻ֮УʵȻɡ
ټϱɣǾǰ˳ɡ
ڹʥʵٱ˰˳ս֮Ҳֻʣ¹ʥڵʵˡ
ʵɿԻɷǣȴ޷ɱˡ
Ҫǣлǣƣٶȼ࣬ۿ׷ɷˡ
ǿ£ѪдˣǲɱӣΪʥǿɱɷǵвöࡣ
ڹʥ䡣
֮ǰѪ̺Ҷǳĳޣûһϵ
ڣȻѾҶǳˣôҶǳ֮ĳҲˡ
ԣڲѪҪɱҶǳҲҶǳټɳȥ
Ҫ֪ոҶǳ˵ˣҪһڡ
ڹʥȻΪһʱ䣬ҶǳʵҶǳɳȥˡ
׷
ڹʥҧɷǺ棬׷ϣҲûз
ϼһɳȥʥ̫ˣȻɷǸˣɷǴҶǳ
ˣһ£ҵʵҶǳĻͻþˡ˳ս
ڹʥ¼磬Ѫ̴һϢ
˵꣬׷ɷǶȥ
ţյϢ֮Ѫ̿϶ǲʥ
Ҫ֪ǿߣѪ̣ҲǹʥһС
˰˳սʥҲһ
Ҷǳ츳ôߣڻֶΣһ˹ʥ֮ǽѪ̵Ĵ鷳
ҶǳٳʥѪ̵鷳͸ˡ
ǰѪ̣ûҶǳһΣѪ̾޷Ҷǳˡ

Ѫ̡
Ѫ̽ڽıϣĿؿ棬Ѫ̵ǡ
Ȼֻķı϶ڱչ
ʵ̶ȣܹѾˣƽиȥ
λãǶ롣
ʥε飬Żȥ
֮ǰɳλʥɱɷǣԼڹʥԸҶǳ
֪Ҷǳ˻ϡɡնɱһλڵĴʥǿ֮󣬾֪ٷҶǳɳȥˡ
ռ֮ľ۷壡ʥôɫһ˰ôҶûڶϧˣ㲻Ѫ̵ĵӡ
Ѫ̽š
Ȼ뵽Ҷǳ½ʱѪҲȥˣȴûһҶǳ
Ϊ֪Ҷǳռ֮ע޷ʥѡ
ûҶǳ
һΪˣڲʥ׾ٵػɱһλʥڵǿߡ
ڣѪ̣Ϊвˡ
ȥǵĳ˭飡
Ҷǳ޷ʥƾ߳ռ֮úоһ£Ժ󱲵Ҳкô
Ѫ̽ɫһ䣬Ҫúһλϡ
Է飬Ѫ̴һš
ڸ˴鷳
ţ
ͻȻѪ̽յڹʥѶϢ
Ѫ̽ʱЦˡ
λѾΪʷˡ
ڹʥʵģѪ̵Ĺʥ֮УҲŽǰ
һǿȥɱҶǳֱǴСá
Ѫ̽Ҳǲٳ⣬ôġ
ϾѪ̻֡
ȻڹʥѾɱҶǳǴҲ͸һˡ
ֻʣɷˡţ
ʲô
Ѫ̽Ȼɫһ䣬͵վ
ɴ۾𾪵ؿڹʥѶϢ
˳ɡڹʥȻҶǳĻͻþ˰˳ս
һʥ˰˳սδҲֲ̫˰ɡ
Ҫͬսһ˰˳սǼ˲ֳʤˡ
Ѫ̽ɫ̣ɱǰն顣
ʱλãһǲλʥȥ㡣
Ѫ̽ڹʥһѶϢ
֪ͨǰ׷ɱɷǵλʥȥڹʥ

ʱҶǳѾ뿪ˡ
ΪʥϷ
СӣȷҪʥҪ֪һ뿪ôѪ̾Ϳûκι˼ɵضԸˡ
ɷǿҶǳɫصڿʼĵѾֹڹʥˣѪˡ
ʥڣоŸټҵĻͻþѪٶʥҲ޾塣Ҷǳһŵ
ɷҡͷʥأ


1594 ʥ
ʥ
ɷǵĻҶǳɵɫһ̶ɷǣʵǰûʥ֪ʥﵽʲô𣿡
ҶǳڶԹʥ绹еǶʥ磬һ㶼˽⡣
Ͼ½ʥ٣ϵҲֻĴ̵Ľʡ
Ÿʥɲ˭ܹġ
ˣʥ磬Ҷǳ֪Ǻǿ֮⣬㲻κε˽⡣
ɷǻľԶǹʥӦû˽ɡ
Ҷǳɷǡ
ɷǳʥ֮ԽʥΪǵʵѾﵽʥ˾ļޣԲű
Ҳ˵۶ʥ֣вʥ磬Ѿսʤˡ
ɷǿҶǳ˵ǹʥСܹոٰʮʥ۷ǿߣɿΧɱʥǿߡ
ʥոǧٸʥҲɲʥĶ֡
ɷǵĻҶǳ𾪡
ǧٸʥǵжǿ
ʵʥĶ֣ʥҲδֲ̫˰ɡ
ף԰
Ҷǳɵʵǰ֮ǰ˵Ŀռʥʱʥ֣Եʥ
˵ϲ
ɷȻ֪λʥɵҡͷϼһѾԽ۷ʥѾһֻ̤ʥ磬ټɣ֮£ǿʥ
ʵʥǰҲֻܹԱѡĹʥ½Ҳָ
ɷǸ̾Сӻᣬ֪ϼһһûгʥʱϲѾ۷ʥˡ
˻Ҷǳһ𺳡
ɷʮ칬Ѿʥˣûʥʲôʱ
ʱռʥʱʥѾ۷ʥˡ
ѹǵʵôǿ
СӣҪףΪʲôʥᱻΪʥΪʥþԶͬʱԽõĹʥʵԽ¡
ɷǿҶǳѵܹΪʥˣ츳ԣԽõĹʥʵԽǿ
Һڹʥ˵ǵ츳࣬ܲסϼһһõʱð
Ҷǳص˵ͷ˹ʥ磬Ҫһѡ
ԣֻʱȥۻ
£ʱԽĹʥȻǿһЩ
ȻҲһЩţԿԽ
ҶǳǵģΪʥʱ򣬿϶Ĺʥ
Ҷǳɷǳǰ֪޷ʥʥأ
СҸղŸ˵Ļʥôãʥ˶ã
ɷǸ̾ҸհʥأֻһͨӵʱĴ̵ĽʣѾʥˡ
ҶǳŸʥǸϵϼһﰡ
ɷǼ˵ӵô£˵ǵﵽʲô𣿹ƾһͷʥˡ
ѲǴﵽɹʥľ磿Ҷǳɫһ䡣
ɷҡͷҲ֪ûǳ֣ʮ칬ʮʥҼǻɱħʥҲֻֻɱѣûʵ
˵һսħеʥͬھûȥսҶǳ
ɷǷ˷ۣûЦʥսǶλʥս˵ʱֻһʥǹʥҲȥսΪ
ҶǳڨڨһЦ漴ʵǹʥأʥ֮н˹ʥǿ𣿡
УȻУϾеĹʥʥĻԶ
ɷ˵Ĺʥ˳ʥľ磬ҹڹʥǸϼһѾ˴ʥ硣ʱʥͿռʥϼһѾ˴ʥ۷壬ǹʥľˡ
Ҷǳԣɫʱޱȣʥܹǿôʥأ
ʥѾ˹ʥ硣
Сӣӽʥ治ǰ취Ѫ̿˼ɵضԸ㣬Сӱɡɷǳ
Ҷǳ̾ҪѪܹ붯ڹʥһλʥסսʥһλʥǼڣҲ޷
ɷЦʵܼ򵥰Сǵԡ
ţҶǳɻؿɷǡ
ɷЦСӵķҶʵЩʥҲῴó㵽ʱ㶪һߴʥķˡ
һѪ̵Ҳͳˣǻ׷ңСӾ͹ԹԴʥճɾ͹ʥ
Ҷǳԣʱ۾һ


1595 Ȱ

ҶǳʱоŸ˲֪
ŶҴʥ֪
ǼһӦò˵
ϾҴʥڼħʥҪǸ˵ͲҶǳȥ鷳
˵ɷȼ֮ɷȥҴʥһ档
ãɷҲҪӻҴʥõתһȫ˳·
ôһ룬Ҷǳʱˡ
ʥķڹʥҲֻǴʥ磬ʱ㶪һʥķȥˡ
˭뵽оŸʥ˼ķ
ϾתһӦܣĻҶǳܹڻˡ
뵽Ҷǳתͷɷ˵ǰȵʥ棬Ǿͷֿһʥ֮мѪ̵뿪֮ʥһϣһɱһħʥ
ɷüͷһȵСʥ淢һħʥ
ٺ٣ҷһʥħѨȥʱ㱻ʥ֮УҵĶ֣ڱҵķħѨҶǳЦ
ɷɻҵʵҲǳڹʥδĶ֡
ǰʱҵһ߷ȥҵĻþͻ϶С
ҶǳЦʱ򲻹ǣֻܵȥϾ֪жʥ˼ķ󣬾·һˡ
ɷǻȻ
ħʥ֪Ҷǳжʥ˼ķڴ򲻹Ҷǳɷ֮󣬾ֻӳħѨˡ
ʱħѨ⣬Ҷǳļħʥɡ
ã֪ˡɷ˽ص˵ͷ
˼ʥǰȥ
ǵĺ󷽣ڹʥӰѾˣڹʥǳǿɿ̽鵽Ҷǳǵķλ
Ӳģ
ڹʥһЦ
Ѫ̵ʥѾҪϹˡ
ʱһɷҶǳĻͻþҲǱɡ
ٶȿ㣬ѾӳķΧˣǿʱ֡
ڹʥѶλѪ̵Ĺʥ
Ѫ̵Ĺʥ׷Ҷǳڵλøȥ
˶࣬ǰԤϵҶǳǸķ򣬴Ӷǰء
ⲻһѪ̵ĹʥʹҶǳķϹˡ
Ҷǳɷһ޾塣
׳գһʥҲǡɷЦһԱߵҶǳ˵Сӣˡ
ǺǣҶǳͬЦ漴ͷųͻ
ʱɱѪ̹ʥɵһ𣬽Ͳš
Ϊʵ˾ųɾţֱӴӹʥڵ䵽˹ʥڣɷ½Ĺʥˡ
˵Ҷǳֻ˳ʵ𣿡ʥгɻ
ڣѾûˡ
ΪɷѾЦɱ
ǸϼһֻǱ˰˳ʵΪľﵽ˵۷壬ľֻеκڡ
ɷǳ
ͬʱȫһĹʥݺݵغѪ̵ڹʥ
ۣ
һ棬λﵽʥڣʹɷǵǿߣͱɷǸѪɡ
ˬ
ɷǲɵôЦСһˬЩһǰܹԸģȴɻܣǸϼһﶼκβˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
ڵ˵ʵ˰˾ų֮ɷȻɻܵˡ
뵽Ҷǳ˵ǰҲҴæҲûʲô԰ģ뿪֮Ҿһʱ㡣
Ҷǳ˵ҵķȻʩչ򣬵ǿʩչþ
Ǽֱ̫ˣɷǶʱϲ
ҶǳķֻʩչþҶǳĻþҲܹľﵽ۷Ĺʥս
ľڵκڵĹʥǾս
Ҷǳһ߷ԺıѪ̵ʥΧɱܹɰˡ
СӰѷˣһ¶ô죿Ҫ֪СӻڼءɷǺȻü
Ҷǳķսģʱͱ¶ˡ
ҶǳЦǰֻҪսСĵ㣬ǲˣ˵ЩҲɱ˲Ѫ̵ʥˣҾûҪټɱȥˡ
Сӣ㲻Ȱ˵ˣҵ㲻ףⱲѾûĿˣֻб𡣡ɷҡͷ
Ҷǳæ˵ǰҲֻϣʵǿһٱҲ١
ǿ
ɷҡͷܹﵽʥѾˣǿһЩǵûѶʱ䣿ҵȲҾҸǿһЩѪ̱ɺС
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦǰҲѧҵķȸʥɱħķã˵ܹǰ߹ʥķʵǿࣿңҲѲǰʱ䡣
ɷԣʱһ⶯


1596 һ
գɷǱҶǳ˵ˡ
Ҷǳ˵Ĳ˷ʱܹ۳ʥķ
ôɷһ˾൱ʮʥˡ
㶼ǹʥڡ
ʥŵʥɱʮɷǣԿһλʥڵǿߡ
Ҷǳһ߷ôʥڵǿߣɷҲа֮һս
ʱѪ̳ǳλ۷ʥʥΧɱˡ
һʱ䣬ܹôʵɷȻͬ⡣
ȻѾ֮⣬Ҳ֪ԼʵܹǿһЩôҲǿѪʧء

СӣʥҪˣ
úɷǶҶǳ˵
ҶǳʵҲͨܵʥǰˡ
ô룬Լܹڹʥִ֮ǰɹȥ
һﻹں棡
Ҷǳӳȥ˽ڹʥѪ̵Ĺʥ
Ҷǳתͷɷ˵Ƿֱпܼ׷ңҲпȥ׷㡣
Ҿǻ׷㣬ΪСӵǱҴö࣬ǲٷɳȥˡɷЦ
ҶǳЦص˵ͷҲôΪġ
ȻˣǾͷֱɣҵķߡҶǳ漴Ҷ߽ɷǴߡ
СӣԼౣأɷǽҶսԼʥ磬Ҷǳ˱𣬱̵ת뿪
Ҷǳʥȥ
󷽣
ڹʥ۾һУתͷԱߵλѪ̹ʥ˵ѾˣС׼ʥ档
ʥһ˴ʥ磬ټĻͻþʥ֮УǻпܲĶ֡
δذɣǵҲ˴ʥѾﵽʥ˰ɡ
˶࣬ɱδزɱ

Ѫ̵Ĺʥš
ڹʥ뿪ɷǣǾɷ뿪𣿡
һѪ̵ĹʥһмһڵĹʥѣǱѾľˣвûҶǳĴ󡣡
ڹʥЦ
ȻˣǵȴΪΧɱɷǣʱŹҶǳ

ȻѣڹʥҲ볰Цǡ
ʥƬ̣ջǾʥԿ
ǶԼʵţ㲻ҶǳҲܹʱߡ
ৡ
ʥǰŸҶǳʥ档
ΪڽʥҶǳٶҲˡ
ԺʥһӾ׷˽
䡭
˽ʥ棬ǵΪʱѹסˡ
ҶǳڹʥǣϢǿޱȡ
Ҷǳ㲻ҪΪʥ棬ܹսʤǡ
ڹʥ俴ŲԶҶǳһǿϢ¶š
ʥڣ
Ҷǳ۾һУЩ̾λڵĹʥȻ˴ʥڡ
ٿѪ̵ĹʥҲǴʥڣʣµҲǴʥڡ
Ǵʥ硣
ɷǰ˵ûЩþõϼһѾʥˡ
Ҷǳ̾
Ҳɷ½ĹʥŽСʥ硣
ǲȥ׷ɱɷɱѪ̲ʥˣֻɱѪ̼ʥѡ
Ҷǳ漴Ѫ̵Ĺʥ˵
ǺǣҶǳǱɷǿɴˡһѪ̵ĹʥЦ
ǵˣɱǱǿģȥɱɷҲ١һѪ̵Ĺʥ˵
ҶǳЦӣֻܴһˣʥ棬ҵҪһ¼λʥ
˵գ򣬻磬ȫһˡ
ৡ
˲䣬ڹʥѪ̵Ĺʥȫʵ
ǵʵ˰˾ųɡ
һ̣ڹʥɫ䡣
ɣҼʶһǹʥʵ
ҶǳЦųλʥ
ʱս죬緢
½˭Դʥսʥ
ңһ
Ҷǳܣ
ռ
Ҷǳһеʥ貵⣬չֳһƬѤĽӣʥϿպƺƵλʥûˡ
ߣ
λʥ˿ҲдеѪ̹ʥĬ˲ͽһսɱҶǳ
ڹʥʵǿϾǴʥڵΪ˿±˰˳սסڴʥڡ
Ѫ̵ʥѾСʥˡ
ռߣûгʥռ֮жǿڹʥЦ߶ԼĹʥҶǳȥ
¡¡
ҶǳλʥһսǿϯȥĴضѿ϶
ʥ½ڲ
ԶһʥͶӰ٣һЩϢصظսǿǡ


1597 
ʥ棬ֵʱ
ҶǳڹʥǣȻʥʱܿ죬Ϣǿ޷ʱǵͶӰȴǿԵһʱϹս
Ϊﵽʥ˾磬ľҲʹﵽ˵Σ½
£ʥֻҪԸ⣬ʱͶӰͶκû赲ĵط
ʥȻû赲
ݣ
ʱһʥ˵ͶӰ٣Сʥдʥвٹʥ
գ֮䣬ǧλʥͶӰ٣һڲϵš
ԶһЩʥ渽ߣɵŵ𺳡
ôʥˣͶӰҲǷǳ𺳡
»½ܹôʥ˵ĳ涼ࡣ
Ҷ֣
һȺʥ֮УԪҲˣıȻսʥѹͶӰܽ١
սʥͶӰҲˡ
ŲԶһռϷҶǳսʥɫЩӡ
ѵѡ𣿡սʥ롣
֮ǰΪҶǳˣû뵽ҶǳȻӵʥˣҶǳչֳʵҲе𺳡
Ҫ֪ʥ֮УʥʵҲǳ¡
ҶǳȴһϷ硣
Ҷ֣
ս֡˾嫺ԵҲˡ
ǰʥ֮ӭսλʥҶǳԵ÷ǳ𺳡
һ̣ǲ֪ԼҶǳĲжô޴
ǣսʥǣȫҶǳʵˡ
ʣ֮Ҷǳֽ죬ᴫ½
Щʥòˡ
˲ð̫ǿˡ
ĻþҲֲֻܿһΪýˡ
ӲǲŽʥ˾粻ôôͳΪʥˣ
ţǰδеš
ϧˣţȴĴ̺ˡ

ڳʥ۷׷ף̾ѡ
ҶǳһΰʵչУ˶ʵˡ
һ̵Ҷǳޱȵҫ۶Ŀ
ְ
ҶǳһȭڹʥʥսǧλʥͶӰɵ÷һХ
յʥ棬ҶǳҪʥ
Ҷǳ˵
صɱ
Զսʥ׷ɫһ䡣
ʥ
Ǻεȵİ
εȵĺ
ʱ˿̣ڳǧλʥˣȫҶǳһѹ˷ɡ
ҶǳսǣŻս񣬽ڹʥѪɡ
еʥ˺Ѫλʥɵս󣬽һٻ
Сӣ̫Բˣʥվڻ½۷£˭ɱɱ˵ġ
ڹʥǵѪҺ۾һУȫϢ͵ظ
Ȼ˲֪ʵ
ɱ
ڻӶʥɱǿսǰնˣռƬ˷
Ϊϵһйʥڹʥʵǳǿʥֻ֮ܶӳĹҲǳֲ
ҶǳɫأȻҪɱʥȴڹʥΪϼһʵܿ£ѹƣȴ޷ɱ
ҶǳĿ꣬ʵѪ̹ʥеߡ
ڹʥǣҪɱѶȺܴ
ʽŭ
ҶǳȫǣȵĻһصĻս񣬳ײȥ
أ
ڹʥĹʥսһȭˣȵĻ棬ƴоˣһٽڹʥѪɡ
ϼһʵϧʥ棬ҵ
Ҷǳűɵڹʥһš
ڹʥʵǿϾԷΪﵽ˴ʥڣҪǿ
ǣҶǳǻ壬ȻֻǴʥڣȴȴʥڡ
⣬ڹʥʵ˰˳ɡ
ʣɵսεֵ۷ʱڵҶǳ
ò˵ʥȷҶǳ
λʥΧҶǳ塣
ԭϴִʱʵȺУʮ߻ӵͶӰҲˡ
ǰʥڴսλʥҶǳɫӣЩ塣
ӽؾٵҶǳʥĿҶǳĳɳٶȡ
ͬΪţ֪ԼҶǳ̫Զˡ
СӵʵǿҿˣȻ̤ʥ磬϶Ķ֡
ȺУҴʥͶӰҲսˡ
ҶǳʵҴʥзǳ𾪡
ˣ
ͻȻںúùսĻҴʥ͵ɫ䣬ܻһ䣬ͶӰ˲ɢˡ
ҴʥôˣԱʶҴʥʥɻʵ
עû֪
ܿ˵עͼǰսˡ
ڻҴʥأ


1598 ߵĻҴʥ
֮أ
ҶǳڹʥѪλʥսʱɷѾҶ˻֮ء
Ҷ߲û¶棬Ƕɷǵʥ档
СӣѾִ֮ˣҴʥȻѹһħʥ˵أҶ֪
ɷǿĻ֮ǣɵһ
ҶЦ˵ƾûѹһλħʥȷѾѾž߷ʥ۷ˣʱһʥʱ򡣡
ŶǻҪҪǰСѾˣʥ󣬿²Ź㡣ɷЦ˵
ҶҡͷûǸҪɱôõҹ㷢Ĳɱĵߡ
ұ𣿡ҶԵһŵ˵ұھڼսλʥΪʥʱ򣬱ʵ¸ǿˣһڵĹʥ
⵹ҲǣСӵıڶڵĹʥˡɷ뵽Ҷǳսɵøп
˵ʱ򣬻֮ѾһӰǻҴʥ
ֻǣҶǳǰͬ˿̵ĻҴʥԵ÷ǳغͽһɵؿŲԶɷǡ
ԭɷǰ֪ǰݹ٣Ϊ£
ҴʥϳɷǣϾɷûϢڸݡ
ңɷǺѪ̵սҲû½ĿҴʥô֪ܲɷλʥǿߣ
һĹʥǿߣҴʥڿɲС
ͬʱҴʥаѣǻһôˣǱѪ̵λʥ׷ɱ𣿼ȻˣǾҸطûµʲô
ҴʥԼЩ굹ùˡ
ǱëǴţҶǳٺҶǳһ󱲱Ƶýתһֱǳ衣
ڸùȻһʥ
Ҵʥڿû¿һλʥڵľž߷ֻ߾߷ﵽ˴ʥ۷徳磬߷ûﵽʥ۷徳硣
ԣѾǴʥ۷壬޷ʥ硣
ҶǳûҶǳֶΡ
ԣֻҪһṳ̂ʥ磬޷ʥ硣
ʥҪɱס
Ҵʥ㻹ѹһλħʥ˲ã»½ʥˣ֪顣
ɷҴʥЦ˵
Ҵʥһ߲ٿŻ֮ǵĻǴһ治ɫЦǰ˵Цˣбѹһλħʥֻһλ˴ħʥҲǽʥѡ
ɷЦҿðɣҾڽķ֪ľž߷м˴ʥ۷徳ˣ¾ɹʥҲԶ˰ɡ
ҴʥͫһޱȺȻɷô֪ġתһ
ѵҶǳģ
ҴʥȷҶǳɷǵĹϵܺãҶǳѣɷҲǲԶԮ
ǣҶǳĵģҶǳ򲻿ܻɷǵġ
ϧҴʥ֪ɷԼ³ġ
ɼʱԼҲȫΪ©̫ˡ
ǰǲҴˣҿɲʲôתһҲûʲôתһҴʥȻоƽ˵
ɷһԼ˵©ˣҸղֻᵽû˵ʲôתһٺ٣Щˡ
Ҵʥһ𣬰ѣǻˡ
ͬʱҲЩһֱתһɷһᵽԶ뵽ˡתһѾΪıˡ
ҴʥвɵðԼСġ
ǰתһǴ˵һŷһΪǰ˵Ҵʥɻȥ
ɷѾͷˣһֱ̤˻֮Ͽա
䣡
֮ǵĻǴʱֵɷǵ֡
ɷһȭͽǰĻǴһѷ졣
Ҵʥɫһ䣬æȵǰס֣
־ŭԼЩ꾫ĲõĻǴ󣬾Ȼסʥһ
ң֪ɷǻ½Ĺʥ
Ǻǣ
ɷЦһûм֣һмؿҴʥʥ۷廹ǲô㲼õĻǴ󣬿ɱҶǳ֮ǵĻǴˡĻǴ󣬶ܵסڹʥĹĻǴȴһҪܲסˡ
Ҵʥһߺ죬ĻǴȷȲ֮ǵĻǴҲ֪Ϊʲô֮ǵĻǴô
˵Ҷǳһ½ʥˣ᲼ô󷨣
Ҫֻ֪ʥ˲ܳʱо󷨡
Ҷǳ֮ǰɲʥˣôᣬʱо󷨣
ϧ֪Ҷǳڻؾ


1599 
֮ϿգɷǿŻǴڣɫĻҴʥɵЦҴʥȰ㻹ǸϽתһɣ򣬵ҹ˻Ǵǳ¾Ͳˡ
вԵв
ǻҴʥȴ޷ԷʵĻǴҲʵɱ
ҪǣԷɱֻҪݻ߷ݻѹħʥͱٽʥˡ
ϾҴʥҶǳûʵץһħʥ
ʥεǿߣܶѣ˵֮ӡˡ
ҶǳҲҪʥĹ򣬲аշӡһλʥ
ǰ
Ҵʥɷǣɫǰھ֪ͨѪ̣¾޷ټңȥˡ
ɷüͷһмôҪвңǺǣҿԱ֤Ѫ̵Ĺʥ֮ǰȴݻħʥļƻҲ޷ʥ硣
㡭ҴʥûðɣҲ֪ɷǵȷ
Ͼʱƻȴס
Ҫ֪λħʥѾĲˣֻҪɷһܽɱ
ʱһλħʥ
ʥ鲻
ҴʥвҶǳ飬Ҷǳ©Ϣɷô֪Сתһ
һʧǧźް֪㱩¶ʮ칬ҲܰѡתһҶǳʱҸطȥչؾˡ
ϧ̫̰ˣ׼ʥ֮ȥʮ칬ѹα
Ҫռʮ칬
ΪˣŻᱻҶǳвɹ
Ҵʥ۾ǰɷǣҧгݵ˵ҿ԰ѡתһ㣬ͬҪģκεķʽɱڣҲκεķʽй¶תһԺ֮ǡ
ջЭˡ
ѾҶǳˣٶһɷҲʲôˡ
ֻʣµʥ۷壬һ̤ʥˡ
ֻҪ˹ʥԺҲκ˵вˡ
ңȳ˹ʥܻ֮ʮ칬Ӷʵ
ʱκⷢǸϽȴ򷢵ɷ˵
Ǻǣడ
ɷҴʥĻɵһϷŰؿЦΪҶǳûʵɱ㣬ҿʵɱ㡣㻹ʸ̸𣿡
ҴʥѪ۾ɫݵǾһɢҷһЩ㹻ҵıӳȥ㣬Ҳòתһˡ
÷÷ʥ𣿡ɷǳ
Ҵʥҧгݵ˵㵽Ҫô
ʵɷǣɷǰһûС
Ǻǣܼ򵥣ҿԴӦɱ㣬Ǿˡɷǵ˵
Ҵʥɫһ̶ŭˣ϶ҶǳģҪõҵġתһôͽͽɷǹ¼ҹһֺαıҵġתһһѧˡ
ΣȰ㻹ǹԹԽתһɣ⹦Ҳֻǹ㽻ȥҲûʲôʧҺҶǳѧˣ㼴˽Źʲôãɷǲں˵
ҴʥҧгݵغãҽǣСӣҵùԺٿǡ
ҴʥֱˣɷǷĲɱ֮󣬾ֱӶתһ¶֮ȥˡ
Ҳû˼ȥʥսˡ
ǺǣȻһĹѲɵʮֻһˣ
ɷǾôվڻ֮Ͽգеġתһʱ̾
ͬʱҶǳǸ²⣬Ҳеޱȡ
ʮһˣǾ̫ˡ
ˣڲǾʱȥʥ濴ɷ𡶾תһʧʡ

ʥ档
ʥע£ҶǳѾȫռϷ磬ڹʥλѪ̵Ĺʥڽڰˡ
ʥʵ𣿡
ǲһ
ڵϼһ㲻Ҫɱ̫ˡ

Ҷǳһ߼սһ߳Цš
ڹʥѪ̵λʥȫɫߺ죬ŭ
ʥǰλʥȻһСѵˣֱǳ衣
ǳưԻ½ܵ裿
ֱ޷ܡ
ϧʥ棬ǵһΪѹסˣʣµʵֱҶǳĻ˾ųɡ
һȻҶǳѹŴˡ
ˣͿˣ
ͬʱҶǳԺУһ貵걦ʯڲϵͷҲԽԽСҪʧˡ
걦ʯҪҶǳȫˡ


1600 ߲
û뵽ʥսȻҵ걦ʯͷӿ죬ȥò˶ãҾͿȫյ걦ʯˡ
Ҷǳ˷ܡ
ԼüˣֻҪȵ걦ʯ֮ľȻﵽ߲Ρ
ʱһ¥
ʱʥڣʥҲ壬ҲܹӵԱʵ
Ҷǳжʱѣڴ֮ɫ
߲εľĻ½»ûһ˵ľܹﵽ߲Ρ
ڵ磬ʥɵʵǴﵽ߲εľǵʥʵ
Ҳ߳ɰɣǾųɡ
Ͼľﵽ߲Σһʱ䡣
ڻ½ֻܽľ߲Ρ
Ҷǳ»ǵһûг񣬵ľȴﵽ߲εߡ
죬㣡
ҶǳһߺڹʥսһϸעԺе걦ʯ
걦ʯѾԽԽСˣʣһָôˡ
ʥƺЩ⣬棬Ҷǳ걦ʯٶȲ֪ӿ˶ٱ
Ҷǳãʥ֮п϶̺ʲôܣط̫ˡ

ʥıԵʥͶӰȫעؿǰĴս
սʥһҡͷ˫˽֣ҶǳκβǣǸκβҶǳ
ô˵ҶֻҪʥڣû˿κεˣԪʱһϲ˵
սʥߵ̫ˣǿѪ̣Ѫ̣ʥɲǿģʥ¸㣬ЩʥѾ˹ʥΣʥ֮УǵʵҲǳֲ
ʲôʥﵽ˹ʥΣԪһ
ʥεǸжôǿ
Ҷ֡
ͬʱһϤͶӰˡ

֮ǰڱչأֱս֮󣬲ŴæͶӰ
ֻǿǰĴս𾪵ͬʱҲΪ
ΪҶǳڵĶ֣ѾԿˣʦҲڹʥǸζѡ
ѾﲻҶǳˡ
˵ñæûôӡ
ҲΪҶǳѪ̣ηѪ̣ǲֵá
û˶ûг
ڣܻһҶǳǳͲΪҶǳˡ
ҪæԶʮ߻ӣæʮ߻ӣҶˣ𣿡
ʮ߻ӿһҶǳȻ֪ҶǳĹϵ
ҶǳڵҲΪ
ҶֻľУȻշڣҶѾȥ˲̣һʥصĽ
ʮ߻̾ǱˣӦ֪Щʥص̬ȣڸԵĹڣշһǳ˹أǾͺǲˡ
ҶֵǱҲˣǾҶ֣ͶһλǿߡЩ˵
ʮ߻ԿЦҶռ֮ûռ֮Ҹ˵Ĵ̡϶
ռ֮ôҶֵΪҲˣﵽʥ磬ɹʥǵжǿңܹﵽʥľ磬»޵ڻ½
ⲻܣʮ߻ҡͷɹʥѣǻ½ҲֻЩʥܴﵽ˵ʥˣ⼸ܴﵽ
ûʲôǲܵģǵ˵Ҷ޷ʥأߵ
ʮ߻ӿЦ»֪ǻ½ʷϣֻﵽʥĲΡ
̸ʷλ޵еĵۻռ֮ɵأҶԺҲΪڶۣǽۡ˵
ʮ߻ЩԶԡ
ۣܹȽϵ
㶼˵޵С
šôҲֻһλۡ
ҶǳҪﵽǸ̶ȣЦɣ
½ֲûռ֮նûгʥ
ʮ߻ҡҡͷû˻ҶǳﵽǸ̶ȡ
䣡
ڴʱһ罵ˡ
һʵ罵ˡ
ǰʥУԭһӱʵ磬˲ͽڹʥλѪ̵Ĺʥ档

ʥУҶǳЦ
걦ʯľﵽ˵߲Ρ
ʱԺУѾһµ걦ʯ
Լ۵걦ʯֻľﵽ߲Σ걦ʯ
ʱ˿̣ҶǳеԼױȵǿһ½Ż½Ӷȥ
ġջñ䡷Ҳʱ򣬽һԲ硣
һʵˡ


1601 ý
ô£
ʲôˣ
أ
ô£

ʥ⣬ʥ۷׷ףһɴ۾š
ʥڣһʵˡ
ҶǳڹʥѪ̵λʥȫʵסˡ
ˣֻһ嫵Ĵ罵ʥ棬Ҳǵˡ
ԭ⻹ۻȫһʵ磡һʥ˵
Աߣһʥ𾪵˵ѾˣĻý磬Ǵ˵еĻý硣˵þﵽ£Ϊý硣ýʵģƿػýˣǱǻý֮
ⲻܰɣ˵ֻнľ߲Σпɻý硣һλʥ˵
ԣɵùЦûҶǳľǵ۷壬ڿͻˣľﵽ˵߲Ρ
ʥԣȫסˡ
ľ߲Σôܣ
ҶǳֻǴʥѣֻʥΪ硣
һľȻԽʥʥﵽ˺ƽľ硣
ֱ˼顣
ʵǰ
ԶʥڣӴĻýʥأΧնŤˡ
þڣ񷣬̴
Ҷǳˣվһϣ˫ۣٴеڹʥѪ̵λʥ
ô£
Ѫ̵λʥͷĹˣȴΧ񽣶ʵġ
ҲһƬʵ硣
Ǿͺ˴ӻ½뵽һ硣
Ҷǳ֮
ǻý磡
ڹʥ˿̳г𺳡
벻֮ͨǰ磬ôһӾͽ˻ý硣
ý磬ǿǴ˵еľ硣
Ψľﵽ߲Σпý硣
ʲôý磿
Ѫ̵ĹʥҲýĴʱɫ׷һ䡣
һ𾪵ؿҶǳŵľͻƵ˵߲Σ
ڹʥҲҶǳҲֲ²⣬ֻš
߲εľǿܴﵽľ簡
ϲǣˣΪҾʱɱǣһӡɣҶǳվһ޴ϣЦݵ˵
Ŀļˡ
˻ý֮ͿԷӡЩʥˡ
λʥδ߷ʥ硣
ǽ⣬ôʥ
ֱĻ
лýڣʥѾǴӵĶ֣ϽͻΧڹʥɫһ䣬ԱߵλѪ̹ʥ
Ѫ̵ĹʥҲǰ׳գ֮ǰͱҶǳѹŴҶǳľͻƵ˵߲Σ˴еĻý磬ǻôӦԣ
ټʥ棬ǽҪҶǳʥˡ
û
ʱڹʥѪ̵ĹʥֳŻýĽںȥ
¡¡
ܵλʥȫý綼𶯲Ҳһ¶ѡ
ýĽβơ
ûõģѾʵˣǻһʵ磿Ϊ𣿡
ҶǳЦһ֣ʱ˷񽣾˺նγһƬޱ޼ʵĽڹʥɱȥ
ݡ
һ񽣴˺գЯŰľ콣⡣
ڹʥɫ䣬׷׷ֵЩ񽣵Ĺ
ǣгصǣЩ񽣼ԴԴ¹ȥʱһ㶼ûм١
ý磬վһá֣Щ񽣶ҴģѾʵˡ
ҶǳЦ˵ֻҪҵûиɿݣЩ񽣱ԴԴɱǡ
ڹʥѪ̵ʥʱɫޱȡ
ҶǳľѾﵽ˵߲ΣӴôܻɿݣ
磬ô죿һλѪ̵Ĺʥæڹʥ
ڼ֮УڹʥãҲǵĹǡ
ڹʥ˸ǻ۵Ĺâղ˵ûýҲšá֣˵ý±ʵģõġ
ʲô˼Ѫ̵ʥЩ±ƣ⻰Щ°Ǳʾ
ڹʥֱ˵˼ǸղŵĿˣþʵ֮任ʹǴģֻдӸϽ⣬
˵ǵԴý磿һλѪ̵Ĺʥæ˵
ڹʥ˵ͷ˵ֻһˣҵ㣬޷ý磬Ҳȥټ棬Ǳɡ
Ѫ̵Ĺʥ˷ɱ񽣣ɵõ˵ͷ
ЩԴԴǣֻýܱ
ɱ
Ѫ̵ĹʥڹʥʱԼŻýںȻײȥ


1602 
ڹʥѪ̹ʥǳӴ󣬼˵һ𣬼ֱһ籩
֮ǿ㲻ҶǳҲ˺ѻýĽˡ
ǻµϼһ
ҶǳһĻҲһ䡣
ڹʥ۹ȷôҵýķ
ˣʣ¶սأ
ҶǳЦؿŶڹʥѪ̵ĹʥһϷŰ˵ڻʣ¼սɣһɣ
䣡ڹʥû׼شҶǳ⣬һ̾ͳʥȥ
Ѫ̵ĹʥҲӡ
Ӿ
ΪǷԼʵȻ˾ųɾŶ࣬ʵҶǳǼֱû˿֮
ڹʥһ㣬ʣһʵҲ޷Կ۷ʱڵҶǳ
ܣ
ʱڹʥѪ̹ʥ˵ʲôݻתӡ
Ҷǳ״һЦӵ𣿡
ҶǳĻ£ѾǰˣҽһĻǽڹʥסˡ
¡¡
ڹʥѪ̵ʥæӶʥȫǰĻǽҪȥ
ǷǳһȵҶǳ׷Ǿǵڡ
俪ǽٲƴǶҪڹʥһ߹ǽһ߶ԱߵѪ̵Ĺʥ
Ѿˣûôֹ̿
ҶǳĻýʵ˾ųɣټϻһʵˡ
¸ҶǳϣǼ
Ѫɫֻأ
Ѫ̵ĹʥҲƴǰĻǽһ𣬱ǿĹ
ڹʥżǸżΪǱʵ̫ˡ
¡¡
ڹʥѪ̵Ĺʥڲϵغǽ
޴ĻǽϣѾʼѺˡ
ȻҶǳѾˡ
أ
Ҷǳһɱ˲˺Ѫ̹ʥɵս󣬲ҽش
ȻǸɱңǾñɱľ򡣡ҶǳֳʥһѪ̵ĹʥȻһֽѪ̵Ĺʥѹˡ
ס֣ɵѪ̵Ĺʥŭ
ҶǳЦһǴﵽ߲εһ񽣣ݺݵشѹĹʥԺС
ˡ
ʱʥƤһԴεģڱ۶Ѫ
Ҷǳ漴ɵؾͽǸӡˡ
ĽľС
Դӳʥ֮ҶǳѾʹžˣΪʥ֮ĶֶǴʥʥ
ǿߵľǵΣĽǸá
Ҷǳľﵽ˵߲ΣʹĽٴǿˣǶԹʥá
ȻôС
ʥҶǳĻý֮Уǣס˴󲿷ʵȻֵסĽ
һʱҶǳͽɸӡˡ
ջʥ
Ҷǳ־ͽӡѪ̹ʥӽԼʥ棬Ϭ񣬿ԶѪ̹ʥ
ˣ׼Ź
ҶǳǣѪ̺㲻ݡ
Ѫ̵ĹʥҶǳţоЩ}ˣǿӲ˵
ҶǳǲѾ𣿡
˵꣬ٷϻӶеʥŶѪ̹ʥնɱȥ
ڹʥһûֵ׼һֱںǽ
ȻҪҶǳԸѪ̹ʥʱӳȥ
찡ڹʥǾȻҶǳˣɥ֮Ȯӡ
Ѫ̵ʥȻӡˣѪ̺ҶǳĹϵʥˡ
ʧʥѪԺɱҶǳʧҲ̫ˡ
ҶǳҪʥˡ

˿̣ʥ⣬ѾһƬ
Ҷǳ걦ʯﵽľ߲Σٵý罵٣һգ۵ʱڣ飬̫ˡ
ԭҶǳסڹʥѪ̵ʥȻҶǳɥ֮Ȯܡ
ڣҶǳǷӡѪ̵Ĺʥ
ⳡսѾǰˡ
ʤߣҶǳ
ھͿڹʥǷܹˡ
ҶˡȺУ˾嫺һ𺳵˵
ԱߵĻս̾治ĳǿߣȻµ
ţƤԴһˡ˾嫺̲ס٩
һߣԪҲһתͷԱߵսʥʵ棬ں˰ɡ
սʥԶԣǵģкˡ
ҶǳչֳʵԺ޷ﵽʥ磬ֻҪܹﵽʥ磬пڹʥ޵Уܹʥ
սʥڣлύһԿʥǿߡ
ǣȴˡ
ұ֤ҶǳǷ˺սʥڡ
սʥ˿ĺˡ


1603 һ
ʥ⣬ʥ𺳲ѡ
ʥڣһߵս
Ѫ̵Ĺʥӡ֮ҶǳͰĿŵѪ̵Ĺʥϡ
Ѫ̵ĹʥʵҪǿһЩҲûá
ڻýѹ£Ǳ̫ʵټϻʣʵѾˡ
ҶǳֻҪĽĹ׾ٵؾͻǣһһӡ
ҶǳϵǣʥȻûһԱ
Ҫ֪ǹʥ±ʥĹѹˣҪԱһҶǳˡ
ǣѪ̵Ĺʥ±ҶǳӡˣûѡԱ
Ҷǳܿԭ
ԽǿˣԽǲԸȥЩ˹ʥ磬֪Ŭ˶꣬Ըʹȥ
϶Ը⡣
ֻһ˿ϣǶԸԱ
Ҷǳеľٶǡøһ˿ϣ
һ˿ϣҶǳûлɱǣѡӡǡ
ҶǳɱѪ̵Ĺʥʱȴûɱ֣ѡӡǡ
ʣµѪ̵Ĺʥ״²Ҷǳ϶ǼɵѪ̵ıԲɱǡ
ϣ֮ʣѪ̵ĹʥȻԸԱ
һ˿ϣǶԸԱ
ãΪǻԱаٷӡһû뵽ȫҸһˡ
Ҷǳйâ˸зǳ
Ĺʥ
ﵽʥʱͬʱ׵ʥˡ
ʱһ˾൱ʥһɹʥĳǿߡ
ĻýͻǸжǿ
Ҷǳãʱ򼴱ʥҲа֮һսˡ
䣡
ͻȻһ촫
ҶǳתͷȥԭӡѪ̹ʥʱڹʥѾ˻ǽʥȥ
ҶǳЩźڹʥϧѡ
ڹʥʵǿҶǳҪѡȷӡȱ˵ܲܳɹܹɹҲķѺܶʱ䡣
ʱڣѪ̵ʥ϶ӳȥˡ
ѡӡһڹʥѡӡѪ̵ĹʥҶǳȻѡ˺ߡ
ϾڹʥʵǿʱҲֻһ׵ʥ硣
Ѫ̵ʥܹ׵ʥ硣
һ壬Ҫ˼
¡¡
ڹʥ˿Ѿӳʥ棬ϾǾʥԵ
ڹʥ뿪ʥ棬ʥĹѹҲͲˣǴﵽʥ۷ǿϢʱ¶ţһɷ籩񷡣
ʱڹʥ޸ղŵǱϢǿޱȣĿҲޱˡ
ҶǳϷС㣬Ҳ˵̫ˣӡѪ̵ʥѪ̿϶ưոݣҪԵıʥ
ڹʥʥеҶǳ˵ʥǹʥΣʥڣҲһ١
ҶǳԳЦϻ쵰ӵõͦ죬ղһɥ֮ȮһڵеǰˡʥΣʥһ򡣡
ߣԲѣڹʥȵղȷǱֳô˿ţʵǶˡ
Ҷǳʥڣ̲סȥɱˡ
ΣʥڣҶǳĶ֣Σա
ԶһЩʥͶӰֻӣڹʥһʵûټȥˣת̤ȥˡ
Ҷ֣
ڹʥһߣս֡Ƕˡ
ʥͶӰǾֱɢˡ
ȻҶǳֳʵǿǱҲǿ󡣵ڹʥ˵ҶǳҪѪ̵ʥɡ
£ȻûԸҶǳϹϵ
Ҷ֣ǱǸұȥ֮ǵģǱѹˡԪ˹һ˵
Ҷǳ԰Ц֣ܹѴϾսʥڵң˵䲻ĻˣҲﲻʲôæοսʥҲǱһλʥסˡ
Ԫ˵սʥʵǿæһʥϲס
Ҷ֣ʵôǿаյסʥԵסͻһѪ̵ʥûɱˡ˾嫺ʵ
սֺҲҶǳ
ҲֻлҶǳ·Ͼʥ棬ǻʥǰġ
ֻıӣѪ̵ʥûȥɱҶǳ
֪ʥҪɱңӦòסҶǳƬ̣漴˵Ҿȥ
֮ǰ׼Ūһ߷ģȻľͻˣʵʱˡ
Ͼһ߷ɱʧҲġ


1604 ٶȻ
Ҳ֪Ҷǳʱ˼󣬱Է׷׸ˡ
ȵ˶ȥ֮ҶǳԲԶЦǰȻˣǾͿɡ

ԶͻȻѿһ϶ɷǺҶߴ˳ЦؿҶǳ˵ҵɱңСʥɱʥв˵һŴﵽСʥΣһֻ־ͱѹˡ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ漴Ҷߣתʥڷȥ
ɷæȥЦǺ˵ˣСҪҪ
ȻҪҷģҲܴˣӡһҰɡҶǳ˵ͷ
ôҪĹȻϾпܻΪǲ̵
ɷ漴תһĸӡҶǳɫѵСӣû㣬ŹòҪ㴫ȥǴĴ̺УǺ롣
ףҶǳ˵ͷЩء
Ȼ֪Ĵ̺աתһĺ
Ÿʵ̫ǿˣķǿ϶޹˼ɵ
ֻǣҪʥ˼ķǾҪ׼һʥ˲С
ҶǳɷǿѰħɱĴ̺أ
Ÿеʥ̫ˣ½ʥ˼ħҲ׼ġ
󣬵ʱǿ϶һЩɢʥˣʥء
ò²⣬ǱȻĽ
ΪŴǱͱ˴˼ɵһõˡתһ϶룺ǲãһأɵʵԽԽ
£Ŵ϶Щʥض֣ϧһдʥ˷
½ʥأֻĴ̺ˡ
ȻҶǳĲҲȥ
ɲҶǳҪģҪʥ˵ԿĴ̺أȻԸ⿴ʧ
뵽Ҷǳɷ˵Źһشȥǲֻдﵽʥ˲βᴫĵӡ
ǹˣĵӼǿǵıȴǿ̵ʵ
ʥ˶༸ʥ˼ķǿ̵ʵ
ԣʱ̵ֻʥˡ
ңڲ̵ļʥˣѣǷǳεġ
ҶǳͰѡתһԼʥеëСˡ
һУҶǳͺɷǸҶһڵĵط
׼ȥӡλħʥ
Сӣô죿һֱʥ𣿡ɷһʵ
ҶǳѾһߴʥķȥ۶ˣϰѪ̵ע⣬ҵı廹Ǵʥڡ
ţҲãϾǲ֪зټСӵľﵽ˵߲Σ¾ʥĵϸɷǵ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦؼʱľͻƵ˵߲Σֱ̫ˡ
֮ǰԼķᱻʥƣڣľΪʥô˿Կĵϸˡ
ҶǳЦ˵Ǿ߷Ѫ̵ĻܹסͱסܱסҲûݷʥڣһʧ
üƻɷǵ˵ͷһûˡ
ȻҴʥһǼһڳʥʱҵҶǳ·һġ
ңҴʥԼҲϣתһϢй¶Ĵ̺鷳ġ
ݣ
ҶǳɷǸҶһλõʱʥڵķ򣬺ȻӰ
ţɷǶʱ衣
Ҷǳֵõģҵļ߷
䣬Ҷ塢ҶҶűˡ
ǰʱҶǳҶġҶ塢Ҷ˸ɵֳȥˣ׼նɱ־껣Ҷűɵ˵۶׼ʱʥ档
淢飬ЩҶǳԤϣԾʱˡ
Ҷǳ׼ʥݷֻҶģʣµķͶٻˡ
СӣŷЩȲҪʥ˼ķˡɷǿҶǳļʥ̲סЩ۲
ҶǳЦ˵ǰǹʥֻҪץħʥ׼۳ʥķǿɱǿˡ
˵꣬Ҷǳ˵ǰҷӡѪ̵Ĺʥʱһһ롭
Ҷǳû˵꣬ͱɷǸˣҡͷ쵰ǱӡģҿûҲҪ
Ҷǳæ˵ûнʥ磬⼸ʥҲûãǰʵ
ͼʥɷǣϾɷ֮ǰѪ̵Ļθòܴ


1605 ̫
ʥУɷһ߸·һ߰ҡͷСӣ㲻˵ˣץʥûһ˿ϵǲµġ
ǰ̫ǿˣںôҲѣ⼸ʥ㣬ҲǶ༸ʥεİ֣ҶáҶǳЦ
ɷҡͷ޹»̫ˡ
ǰ֮ǰѪ̵ĻҲðң⼸ʥ͵ҸıΣҶǳ˵
ɷҡͷҿûаѪ̵ĻĸѪѪ𣬱Ѫ̵ĳ𶼴ö̸࣬ϰ㡣ε飬ҲСȰҰѪ̵ĹʥҲл㡣
ɷǾǿҶǳΣֻ˵ãѪ̵ĹʥͲ˵ˣȥץλħʥҪǰæǰ°ɡ
⡭ɷǸܾͱҶǳˡ
Ҷǳ˵ǰ㲻ƴˣҲ˽ĵģһҪǰʥץħʥǰȴҪȥ𡣼ȻˣҾͰǰһʥʱķȥ㱾ͼʥץħʥΣ
Сӣ㡭ɷЩжȻ֪Ҷǳĺ⡣
ķȥ𣬼ˣҲûʲôá
ıʥ棬Ҷǳڣ϶κΣյġ
Ҷǳ⣬γ֪
СˣⱾɡСӵʱһ߷ȥұ𡣡ɷ˵
ҶǳЦû⣬һ߷ѡ
ɷǺܼ򵥣ֻҪɳһλСʥķˣϾֻҪͷųý磬Сʥķ㹻ˡ
ּķˣҲʱֻۣҪ׼һλħСʥ̫ˣķѵ
ݣ
˼ٷУܿ͵ִҶһڵĵط
ԶһСɽϣҶһϥԱ߻ҶҶҲϻˡ
Ҷǳվ
ôӿҵħѨҶǳʵ
Ҷһҡͷôף㵱ħѨǴײ˰ûиǧ꣬ºҵ
ɷԱߵͷʥҲܴ󣬸οʥڵտռвкܶ࣬ʥʥˣҵЩеħѨ
ðɣȰħѨڵħʥƳ˵
ҶǳҲ֪Լżˣ漴˵ҶһǰȥħʥƳҺš
ɷЦСӿҪõ㣬ȻǲģƼ˻Աġ
ҶǳҡͷЦİɣʥлᣬѡԱġңľﵽ˵߲ΣҪǲᷢҵġ
˵꣬ҶǳͺҶҶҶ塢ҶҶߡҶˡҶߴ
ɷǸӦһ̾ǵ߲εľϸӦȷӦ
ҲֻǸӦ޵Ϣǳ΢
֪Ҷǳڸ϶ΪԼӦˡ
λħʥħѨ͸ӲܸӦҶǳˡ
£ɷǾ͸Ҷһ俪ռϣǰħѨ档
Сӣ𣿡
ħѨڣλħʥӦҶһϢʱŭɱ
ӱҶһųڣбһˡ
ɷҲʱλħʥʱֹסΡ
ʥ
ħʥͫһɵؿŷɽɷǣжʱһ
СһλĹʥ
ܵ˾ҵΣ
ħʥڡҶһЦһֱͷųý磬ħʥѹȥ
ôܣħʥɫұ䣬֮ǰͼʶҶһ磬εĻý磬ǿЩֲʵ˾ųɣֱƵˡ
ʵȻ½ųɣ滹һĹʥڻ£ɡ
ӣ
ħʥû˿ǣħѨ˵˲ͳҶһȥ
ҪɱҶһҪĹҶһ뿪ħѨ
ţˣҶһЩû뵽λħʥôû򶼲Ҵһ¡
Ҳ룬˭һ˾ųʵҲƵġ
οԱ߻ɷʥڻ
ħʥܣѵ
Сӣסɷæȵ
ȻǼװģʱ֣϶ܹסħʥ
ҶһȻҲϵϷװӭȥȻħʥѪɡ
ħʥһĻ
ʵе㻳ɣʱҲϾһɷ׷Ҳ߲ˡ
ħʥɲҶġ
ԣħʥҶһ֮󣬼̾ӳħѨ
Ҷһ״ɵöɷЦֱ̫ˡ
ǺǣǱĻýסˡɷЦ
и̾ħʥҲѡѰߵġ
ҶǳĻýֲ̫ˡ


1606 ɷһ
ףӵƺЩɰ
ռͨڣոպҶһӽħʥɵֹ
ֻǣȻЩɣڸܵǿϢ֮ȴͣ
ϾҲֻǲ²⣬һ´ˣһ׷ϣôӣ
ԣħʥſռͨȥ
ٱ˾裬ֹ
ңһ̾ͳԶȥƬ̶ͣ
Ȼ
ý磡򣡡
Ҷǳʱ֣ýͻʩչ˲Ͱħʥסˡ
ڴ֮䣬ħʥʥĹʵֱýͻѹˡ
ɫʱұ䡣
оԼһصľˣȻͱѹһֻСˡ
ľ޴仯࣬ЩӦ
־ǣҶǳֺΧֳ߸Ҷǳһģһˡ
ңǸɢǿޱȵϢ
ħʥ֪ʥеǿϢ
ǣʲôʱʥ繷ˣ
ѵԼʥˣѾʱ
ѵѾһ
ħʥ֡
Ҷǳ߸ǰ˸ΪҶһɷҲˡ
ŸʥǿߣǴʥκһħʥҪǿöࡣ
ټϻýͻ
ħʥˡ
ӡ
ҶǳȣħʥԱзһħʥӡˡ
ħʥԱĻᶼûУôߵرҶǳӡˡ
ջһʥҶǳЦ
ɷЦ˵滹߸ʥʮСʥħһҽȥȥǸӡˡ
ãҶǳ˵ͷ漴ҶһٶȺɷǽħѨ
ԸһЩʥСʥҶһĻýɷǵĹʥ֮ӡǼֱǺɨ
һɷǺҶһˡ
ǰӡʮСʥҶǳԼʥڣʣµʮСʥħҲóˣһʮһСʥħ
⣬ʥ²Լոջõ߸ʥħ
۲ʥ˼ķˡ
ҶǳǰпɷǣЦ˵ǰȰ۳һʥɡ
ҶǳͺɷõģԣɷҲûƴǣ̾̽ץסһλСʥħʼԼʵ
ʵڻҴʥõתһ֮ɷǾѾ۳ŸˣֻŸ̫ˡ
˿̣һλСʥħ֮ɷǵһͽСʥ𣬶һʥ
ϾɷǵҲﵽСʥΡ
Ź찡
ԼǰķѾ׵СʥΣɷг˾̾
ҶǳץһʥӹȥЦ˵ǰһûʥεķء
ɷǵͷʵܿͽʥħˡ
ͬʱɷǵһŷҽɷһŰɣѾ׵˴ʥΡ
ɷٴĸʥħɷһ׵˴ʥ۷塣
ʥħˡҶǳ֮ǰӡʥħɷǡ
ʥħ֮ǰҲԱ߿ţȻ֪Լ³ʱˣг˿־;
ɷǿһۣʥħҶǳЦһɲôģҵúúñչһΡ
ûϵҵĻܿܳɹҶǳЦ
ɷһ㶣漴ЦĻˣؼǿĻ棬ʵ㣬ƾĻý磬㼴ȥܺɨЩʥˡ
ɷи̾ѣҲû뵽Լڹײ˯һײİСһȻô
ҲԼƢãҶǳԼײİļһе˼ûжҶǳ֡
ϾÿʥɷĺƢɱĹʥڳ˯ʱ˴ˣƻּͰѴ˸ˡ
˵ҶǳڹŹһ顣
¡¡
Ҷǳʩչ𣬰ɷһʥħʥ
ò˵ħʥȷҶǳĻɷҲķҹŽħʥˡ
ҶǳףΪʲôҴʥô꣬Ȼûħʥ
ϾҴʥûлæΪҲԶԶɷǡ
䣡
ħʥʱɷһŵʵҲõͻƣֱ˹ʥΡ
ɷǿǰɷһţҲ˸żĹâͲס˷ܵת֮ʹһʥŷˡ
ҶǳЦҲΪǰǹʥңĿǰֻܴʥķ


1607 ڵ۶
ɷһŽ˹ʥ֮ҶǳǰʣµʥħҶߺҶҲ˴ʥ硣
һľŸ֮Уа˸ʥֻʣҶŻСʥ
ȻҶǳʱҲ׼ҶŵΪΪҶŽҪɷһųȥִС񡯡
ɷǵķ˭֪ɷһܴܲɷһһˣôҲҶҲˡ
һʱпȥķҶǳȻķѴʵ
а˸㹻ˡ
ҶǳԱ߻ʣʮСʥħɷ˵ǰҪҪʣµķҲСʥ𣿡
ˣ˵ټСʥҲûʲô˼ɷҡҡͷ
Сʥﲻæ֮⣬ѾҶǳõٺôˣȻԸҶǳĶ
ҶǳҲûǿʮСʥħΪãʣµĶʮСʥħ͸ëСˣҲ۳
գëСˣħСʥ۳Сʥķ
ʣµħСʥ׼ɣϾҶǳͽܣҪЩô
ҶǳҲû⣬һʱ䣬ҪʥѹħѨеǻץħʥˡ
׼ëǷȫʥ磬һǵıҲ
ͬʱѩ롢ԪӡΪȵȣЩˣҶǳҲǡתһ׼۳һЩ
Щ˵ʵûгʥԷҲۣ͸ղħѨ԰Щ۳Ϊͬķˡ
ЩЩ˼㱾ʥڣҲԳȥˣõΣա
һУҶǳ͸ɷʥһεգһħѨһĿռ䡣
ɷǿǰٵĿռ˵ͷ˵ΣλʥϺѱҵ
㱻ҵҲûбҪġҶǳһЦ
ҪչҶһҶҶҶ塢ҶҶߡҶ߸ٹʥ
ʥôʥ棬ҶǳͲʥôãҵǡ
ңķҶĻѪ̵ע
ԣĴӪԲ¡

ڲ̵»أһжɵطչš
ɷһѾҶ뿪ʥ档
Ҷǳ߸ҲʥڷɢʼѰħѨټ
ëڲʱٴ
Ҷǳɷʱչ
˵ֻҵʥħѨֵǳ֡
СʥʹʥħѨҶǳЩӦˡ

ͬʱѪ̵ܲһɷŭѪ̡
еѪ̵ӣֲ̿ؿŽڵķ
Ƕ֪ŭˡ
ԭҲ֪
֪а½ˡ
Ҷǳʥڻ׽Ѫʥڹʥһս¡
ֱѪ̳ôܵһʧ
ǵ̺ʮ칬Ҳûкķһһ䣬ȫħ׾ٵʮ칬
񣬽һʥСһȻѪʥʵǳ衣
ʥѪһҲʮʥһӾʧ֮һʧ˭ܳܣ
Ҳѹǽᷢŭˡ
Ҷǳ
ڡ
ڹʥոջյѪ̽Ϣ
ڹʥйâһ֪Ѫ̻̲סģϾʧ̫ˡ
ҲãѪʥ֣ҶǳͱɣͲٵҶǳıˡ
£ڹʥͻѶ뿪֮ǰʥ棬Ҳұ֤ʥ桭ţ
ȻڹʥյҶǳ۶Ϣ
Ѫ̽

ʱҶǳȷĵ۶
ȻҶǳʵֻҶġ
û֪
Ҷ۶һǿ̽Ӷ˲䣬Ҷǳ۶Ϣʹ硣
ֵϣҶһﵽ߲εľȻܵЩʥ˵̽ӡ
Ҳû⣬ҪЩˣԼ۶Ϣȥ
һѪ̾Ͳȥʥұǵ鷳ˡ
Ҷ֣ݹ٣ô˵ͻȻһЦӲԶ
Ҷתͷȥʮ߻ˡ
ʮ߻Ӵ˿ϵЦݸŨˣʶҶǳʵ֮ɲŹǱɡ
ʮ߻ӶҶĴҶģѾʽˣֻҪ۹۶Ҿͱ֤û˸Ҷ֡ͬʱֻҪ㲻ǿԱ֤Ѫ̵ʥ͹ʥ޷֡
ڲĹʥأҶĴЦʵ


1608 
Ҷĵѯʣʮ߻һ㶣漴Цû취ˣڹʥٶȶ֣Ҳ޷ֹϾǶڲסȻڵ۶Ǿû¡
۶ǽģ˭ڵ۶֣ǾǶơ
³ʡ
ˣҶлʱ¡Ҷĵ˵ͷĽѾˡ
ǲģ˵ɳĽ׶Σæ
ǰʥŵ׷ɱٵؾԼԿѪ̣˱ӻ
ΪˣҶǳԸʮ߻ӽύģ˳ʮ߻ӳɴʥ
Ҷ֣ճɴʥãҾڲڵ۶չһʱ䣬ԺɹʥˣֻҪ㲻뿪ʵҲû˿κεˡ
ʮ߻ӿҶģ˵ңҲ˵ˣΪĿ䣬ǰõ̽λá
Ŷ
Ҷľȵؿʮ߻ӣЩŵҳΪĿ䣬ѵͲ¸Ѫ̶ϣ
ҶĿǷǳĵλǾ͸ʱʥռʥһλȻ
ȨͲ˵ˣҲ޷䣬ֻܻһЩۣ¡
ȻΨһǣжսʱ򣬿Ҫ
ݶҶǳ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ʮ߻˵ǰҶǳû£ԼԲ̽ëǾˣҲҪݡ
ֻǣôҪѪ̡
˵ֵ
ҶԵúܺ档
ʮ߻ӿһȻ˵Ҷ֣ѪȻҲҶ㾡ܷĿˡ
ʮ߻ô˵ҶҲͲپˣµ˵ͷ˵ȻԸΪĿ䣬ڲ̵ĽҾڻλ
׼ëֲ֮̽λΣʵë㹻Ҷǳġ
ãϲҶ֣ԺǾһˡʮ߻ԣʱϵЦݾ͸ʢˣҶҲˡ
ǳҶǳеĵλǷǳҶǳҲʱ򣬹ȻѪ̣ҶǳΪĿ䡣
ʮ߻Ҳ֪еһЩԵɣǾҶǳĻý̫ˡ
Ҷǳڵʵİ
ҶǳĻý磬ȴİ̫ˡ
Ժһ͵жսǸҪҶǳֻ֣Ҫʩչý磬ôܻʤ
Ҷǳĸ̫ǿˡ
ʲ̾ҶǳΪĿ䣬ѪʲôģҶǳĻýǰǶ⡣
Ҷ֣ΪĿ䣬ڻʹҲһĹҴȥ
ʮ߻漴ǰ·
Ҷĸʹ
һУҶľ͸ܵǿϢȻѡ
ΪЩɨϢСʥʥʥԼλʥ
ʥϢ̫ˣܵ˾޴ѹ
֮һǿ̫ˡҶап
֪ǲ̣ʲôʱӵĵ̡
˼֮࣬Ѿһ̻Ի͵Ĺ
ʮ߻Ц˵Ҷ֣Ժסˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷסûʲôҪ󣬷ֲҪ
ҶĹĵһ飬ʮ߻ӣ˵£һʱʥܹһ𣿡
Ҫıٴﵽʥ磬ôͱʱʥæʱٴܹٴ
ܼжСҶĶҪһԡ
Ҳ۶
ңиƣǾҲĿˣʱʥһأ
Ҫʱʥʮ߻΢΢üͷҶĿЦλɲôܹģ˵Ѿչغܶˣڳʥ硣
ʥҶ𾪲ѣλѾԽϣ׼̤ʥ
λռʥƺѷɫһЩ
ҲǺģʱռ䣬ʱ͸ʤһ
Ҷ֣Ұ㴫һϢɣʱʥ᲻㣬ǾͿԼˡʮ߻漴˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵лˡ
Сһ׮ѣʮ߻Ӱ˰֣漴ʲôЦ˵ҽᣬʱҶֿҪҸμӡ
û⡣Ҷĵ˵ͷʮ߻ӶȻҪر
ңʮ߻ĴùϵҲһͶʡ
Ȼʮ߻ӽ֮λ֪Ҫ꣬Ѿһܸߵˡ
ĺܶ飬ʮ߻Ӷܰﵽ


1609 ʱʥ
Ļʹ֮УҶû˼Ž顣
ΪҪֻҪȵͻƣͿħʥΪ
Ҫ飬ʱʥõָ㡣۸ôĴۣһҪæʱٴЧ
Ҷİ뵽
ڵʱٴЧҪһ꣬ܽ׵ʥס
һ꣬ЩʥʥԣǺܳ
ǶҶǳ˵ȴ̫ˡ
˭֪һڻᷢʲô飿
ѪǿĵڣҶǳʵڲҵһꡣ
ԣʱʥæʱٴǿһ򱶣ôҶǳֻҪһǧܴ꣬ﵽʥ硣
ʮʱ䡣
һǧʱ䣬Ҷǳܽܡ
ϣʱʥһ˵˰ɣҶĿЦ
֪ԽЩϹŶƢԽŹ֣Ͼ£˭֪ʲô
ҶҲұ֤ʱʥæֻϣʱʥôѡ
æǲܵģ˼ֲ
Ҷ֣ѾתʱʥˣͬˣھȥɣַǡͻȻʮ߻ӵҶԺ
ʹ֮У˴˵ľ벢ǺܳԿԻഫ
Ҷʮ߻ӵĴʱϲվæлˡ
ҵˡʮ߻Ц˵
ҶҲЦİɣұ֤׼ʱ
ʮ߻ӽͨҶһ㰴ʮ߻Ӹĵַǰʱʥס
ʱʥסȻҲڻʹ֮С
ʹ֮ǲеģҶҲ˰죬ŵִʱʥס

һ򵥹ӵͥԺ
ͥԺ沢ûʲôݲݣһЩ߲ˮ
ʱһŶҵĴֲߣֳųͷڲ˵﷭
飬¶ֱƤǳֲڣеһũ
װ𣿡
ҶĿһĻһ㶣漴̭
ʱʥȻũڲ˵﷭أ˵ȥ˭ţ
ҶҲ¶ʲô飬˭֪λϹŶʲôŹƢԼСĵΪ
û취ˣòͷ
ҶСǰҶǳʱʥǰ
ڲ˵﷭ص̧ͷ˫ǵ۾Ҷģ︡һĨ졣
ǰҶĹ
㶣漴ҡͷЦϴˣҿɲˣء
˵꣬߻ָָԶéݡ
ҶǳԲɵŴ͡
ϴˣ
ΰ
ʱһӴé˳ŹֵصؿҶһۣĮ˵Сӣֻһ㿴𣿡
ҶǳǺһͼũ뵽ǻʹ϶ˣȻΪԷʱʥˡ
˵ԷΪ
ҶĲЦô̽ʱʥΪǵʱʥôæ
ҶĺæʱʥڨڨҶǳ
ضˡʱʥ˰֣漴ݡ
ɣ
ʱʥ
Ҷĺݺݵũһۣæʱʥéݡ
ũһ޹ı飬˵﷭أʲôϵԼϴˣң
éء
ҶĽ֮󣬶ʱоǰһһƬ׳ɫȺ壬
ʱʱʥϥһɽϣԶ
ҶС˹ȥ
СӣĻýʩչһ¿ʱʥҶģ˵
ǰҶһ㶡
˵æģֲܵģ˵Ҳ򲻹㰡
ѵλϹŶϲˣ
ʩչʩչĥĥʲôʱʥҶķ㶣ɵúȵ
ҶһЦصͷ˵Ȼˣ͵ˡ
˵꣬ý㽵ˡ
ڴﵽ߲εľֻҪһܹʩչջñ䡷ýҲܹʱ١
¡¡
ŻýĽ٣Ƭض𶯣նҪŤˡ
ߣʱʥͺһһӾʧˣȡ֮һƵֹʱⳤӡ
ʱⳤһӾͳ˻ý磬ᴩ
ɢӴϢѹҶĲϺˣɵȻؿǰʱⳤӡ
ÿֲ
Ҷо
λʱʥǿ
ڹʥѾǹʥеǿˣλʱʥʵڹʥǿ̫ˡ
лýԷչֳɿֲޱߡ
ɣ
ΣʱʥҶĵĶ
Ҷæý硣
ŻýʧΧҲָԭʱʥӰҲٴγǰ
ƵʱⳤӣѾʧˡ
ǻý磬ȻԽҵʵɣʱʥǰҶģʷ
ʲôɣҶԾ
Ҫ֪ʥǱĻý߰˳ɵʵ
ʱʥȻֻɡ
Ҷ𾪲ѡ


1610 
ʱʥʵҶԵú𾪣Ļý磬ȻֻԷʵ
ʱʥжǿ
ʮ߻˵ʱʥڳʥˡ
ǿߣ㱻ʵҲǹʥ۷弶Ĵڡ
㿴ƺܾȣ
ʱʥǰԾҶģЦ˵ĻýܹʵѾܲˣЩʥʵҲΪʱ֮ģ΢ֵһĻý硣
ԭˣҶĻȻʱ֮ģǿȫʱ
ǰλʱʥڳʥˡ
Ҷв²
Сӣʲô飿ʱʥйâ죬Цʵ
Ҷæ˵һʱٴ󣬵ֻܼһǧʱ䣬ϣǰܹæЧǿһЩ
ԭΪʱʥһȻʱ䷽⣬ȻҶˡ
ʱƿأ½ǺģЩʥܹȵĶ١
ʱʥ漴˵ҿʱٴ𣿡
㣬㣡Ҷæ˵
Ųʱʥ͵ѧʱٴ˼Ҷʱһ򱶣õ͵ѧʱٴ˼ҹƶʱٴ
£ҶĻ˻֣ʱٴ¶
ȻֻģϾûвϣƾմһ
ʱʥȻ󷨷ҲǳĪ⣬Ŀɨ˼ۣЦ˵ʱ䷽治˵ϾȻҲôߵ裬Ѳǰҵʱˣ
ʱȥӡǣ˭ʱȻǳ
ٺ٣ҶЦЦûлش𣬶ʵǰ֪ܹʲô̶ȣ
ʱʥҡͷȻһԶûҪˣһʱٴ󣬿Լ򱶵ʱ䡣
򱶣ҶԵɴ۾ţԼǲˣ
ʱʥʱҲǼһ򱶶ѣ򱶣ʲô
ٶԱһԼһǧҶĲɵʹᣬδҲ̫˰ɡ
ʲôþȵģʱһô꣬ȻСܹġʱʥҶģƺһСֵӡ
ǰʱǲֻһ𣿡Ҷɻʵ
ʱʥ񿴰׳һҶģû˵ʱǹʥʥܹһ𣿹ʥʱϣ󷨾ͲˡԣʱҪҪߣ󷨾ͼˡ
ԭˣҶҲԣ󷨣ܱڹʥ¼ףѶȲһϡ
뵽ҶЩ̲סʵǰ֪Ҫʲôſϴʱٴ󣿡
Ȼ֪Է͸Ͼ֮ûʲôϵܹ򱶵ʱ䣬ʱٴļֵǷǳġ

ʱʥƬ̣漴йâһ˵ýŹҡ
Ҷһͻǰ뿪е󰡣ҲǰŹڻؾҵõģұһλǰ˽ƣҸûȥ
ƺʱʥţҶļ˵ʵ飬սʥڵԪ䣬Լս֡˾嫺λĴԪ˧Ҳ֪Ҳѧ⹦ѧ֮ѧĹȫʧˡ
ѹ֡ҾͲµǻĹһСҲܴ㹦
ʱʥһ̾
ûлҶĵĻϾǺԪ䣬ǻս֡˾嫺Ƕʱȥ˽Ҷûôɵ˵ֻѻ
ǰһɡҶæ˵
ʱʥһ㲻ҴӦ
ʲô飿ǰ˵Ҷæ˵ûʲôҴӦģֻǸѵ
򱶵ʱ٣˵ʲôҲ
ԭҪһܽʥ򱶵ʱٴôֻҪܹ꣬ʥˡ
ꣿ
ָһ˲ѡ
Ҷôܻ
οʱٴԺʥҲ̺ܳʱ䡣
ԣҶѾˣֻҪܹ쵽ʱʥʲôӦ
ղǸҪʵû취ӦȻŲ⡶ջñ䡷Ƿ񴫳ȥء
ҽʥ֮һȥɱһˡ
ʱʥ۾Ҷģһһɱһʥ
ɱʥ
ҶԵһ
ѹʱʥ˵²ҴӦ
һˣȷǲҴӦ
һССĴʥʥ֮սǲʲô
ֻһֻҪܹõʱٴҲˡ


1611 
ǰԾҶģʱʥȻԤϣ˵ģҲһȥɱʥһһλʥԼռʥһ֡ʱֻҪԶųýǼɡ
Ȼʱʥ˵ûһΣգϾʥʵǿҵᣬ϶ɱҶġ
ңʥǰԱͬɱҶġ
ɴ˿ɼжôΣա
Ҳѹʱʥ˵ҶĲҴӦ
ǰܹǼ𣿡Ҷûϻش𣬶˵
ʵͬˡ
ǣôΣյӦ̫ˬˣ˻ɡ
Ͼǻˣ϶ǵġ
ʱʥϹŶҶĲҴ⣬ȻҪһЩ
Ͼʱ뱩¶зϢʱҪѪ̵Ŀ
̤ʥ֮Ǿûˡ
ã㿼Ǻˣʱҡ
Ҷĵѯʣʱʥ˵ͷ
ѡ
˭Ҫúÿ¡
Ͼغ
ǰȸˡҶ漴뿪
׼ʱʱʥҲʱʥ뿪
Ƕˣ˿
ٻᣡʱʥ˰֣ҲûҶ뿪
ҶҲ⣬ת̤ȥ
·˵صʱҶĿŲ԰æũ񣬲ɵúʵæЩѲʱʥǰЩ
ũһ߳أһ̧ͷЦ˵ȻóЩЩ͵ȥЩе˳ԡ
ŶΪʲôǰķӻ־ܰ˰ɡҶԵЩ⡣
ũҡͷЦҲ̫˵ơ
ơҶԶԡ
ȻЩ˲֪µϹŶһŹƢ
Ҷҡҡͷת뿪ˡ

ҶĲ֪뿪֮һϤӰƾճʱʥǰ
ʱʥǰĿվӣҡͷ˵㲻ʶΪҪ
ԭղţλռʥҲڴ˵أֻҶĲûиӦ˵Ĵڡ
ɼλռʥڿռһϣѾﵽ˼ߵľ硣
̸ʶֻйһ֮Եˡ
վҡҡͷ漴ЦֻǺʲôҵ˵
֪ˣʱʥ˷ۣÿռʥġ
̶ȣҲȷĵġ
ˣҲˣκʵûʲôȤˡ
ΨһȤҲǼʵˡ
û뵽Ϊʱٴ󣬿ȱʱ䰡֪ôǿǲǸʱйϵվЦЦ˵
ʱʥӦЩϵȻղżȱֿƣܹܵԼ򱶵ʱϲ֮黹ǰ಻סġ
СϵܣҪöࡣվ˵йâ˸
ʱʥ˵˭ûܣվܹųƿռʥûԵȰ㻹Ǵǲʵʵ뷨ʵٹЩ꣬һ̤ʥ硣СӵĻԵδܹ㡣
Ǻǣİɣᵢ㱨顣վЦЦ漴̾ϧˣýĹ޷
ԴҲɣҪľﵽ߲Ρʱʥ˵
վӰ˰֣ûзôʧԭء
ѣѾа·ˡʱʥĬƬ̣漴̾һ
ʵҲף̤ʥʱ򣬿վӻżҲ
ϾôΪʱչʥ½
ȴҪʥˣվܲ
ʥ˶ҪģվϹŶ͸Ҫˡ
ǿվԽԽ޷ʥ磬Щ꣬ʼһЩа·ˡ

ʱʥ뿪֮ҶĲûзԼסǷһϢȥȻֱ뿪˻ʹ
ϢĶ󣬱λʥصĴˡǻ
ǴұеȤġ
Ҫǣ־Ǹʥˣû׼Ź
֮ǰΪڹʥѪ̹ʥ鵢ˣڸպÿڳˡ
Ҷǰ̫ˣϵˣһΪˡ
ǻյҶĵϢ֮󣬶ʱǳ
ʱڣҶǳսڹʥ²ѪλʥϢѾ½
ǻǳֻҪλҶԸְæĴ־껿϶ɡ
ֻҶǳûϵż
ڵ۶ھȥ㣡ҶٴηһϢ
ǻæַ˹ȥ
ҶĿһɨַ˶ʱʧڽֵϡ
һ̣۶ǵһۡǰҶĵӰȻ¶
ǻѾſڵȴˣҶĳ֣æ
Ҷǰ
ȥ˵
ǣ


1612 ս
ǻڵ۶סĵطͨĸۡ󣬵һ⣬Ǳĸۡһƻֺĸۡ
ۡһλʥĸۡҲĻӵܡ
ʥصλ֮ŮǸ˽ɰ£ֻλ֮Ů֮󣬴Ҳ͵ޱȡ
ǻסд˵ıӣǰȫޱȡ
Ҷڽʱ򣬾͸Ӧһɴʥ۷ǿһɨ
λʥǺܹעǻġ
ǰ
֮ǻæҶ
ҶҲλϾʥˣһǴʥܹãѾܸǻˣλǺ
Ͼ˭һʥԼ֣

ԭӦǻȥλʥ˲Ŷԡ
ֻǻԸ¶ĴұϾλӻ棬ǾͲ˵ˡ
һ˴ұ޶
ϾλֻȫɲĴұǷ˶ߡ
ˣǻֻԼĸۡҶġ
ѾˣղλʥҲɨˣԷĵذѴұóˡ
ҶĿǰǻ˵
ǻЩΣڨڨǰ͸ǰ
˵գĹâһһƷҶĵǰ
Ҷ۾ϸŴ
һȭͷСԲ̣ɢӦһСʥ
һСʥҪɱһʥ
Ҷľǻ̫ˣҲҿȻû˻Ӧ
Ҳ࣬ʥص궼ȺʥѹθɾˣܹһСʥͲˣĻʲôֵı
ǰ̲һʥ̽ȥ֪ˡ
ƺµҶĵ뷨ǻæ˵
̣
ҶɫһΪҲȻ֪ʲôġ
Ҫ֪󷨷ǳ鷳Ҫܶϡ
ԣһ㶼ػɽźͳǳصģٻԿɱС
Щ򵥵ս󷨲ˡ
̾Ͳһˣ̣ʹ߿ֱӲó󷨶Կˡ
̵Ѷ̫ˣԽǿ󷨣Խڡ
Ҷϸǰ̣̽Уʱһ޴¶ԺС
ҶĵΪһ۾Ϳ󷨵Ĳ򵥡
ң֮Ҳ̺󷨵Ϣ
һ̹
ҶĽڵϢɵôһ
û뵽ʥصλʥȻͷܴһλĵϵ
ֻλܵ͵ûп̺Ϊĺ٣ҲŪһ
ڷʱ򣬶ûԼѡˡ
ԣĺҲͻĲô
վһλ񣬵׻Щֶδˡ
̺֮󷨣λģ񼶵ս
񼶵ս
ҶʢڵĻ½ҲֻĴ̺񼶵󷨡
ǣ񼶵սȴûС
Ȼ񼶵ǿǿǣ񼶵û취ţֻػɽš
սͲһˣʱã֮С
ɽŵģսɱеġ
߸иĺô
ԭˣ֮Ϳһ̹
Ҷļۿս
̹űλš
̹ʵλ̹
ȻɳĲˡ
ɳ̹ʵ󷨵˸һ
Ҳ˵ʥڵ˲󷨣Ǿܷӳʥڵʵ
ʥ۷壬Ǿʥε̹ˡ
Ҷм
ò˵սʵãҲܲ
ҪǣսҪ㡣
Ҷĵ֪Ҫ̹Ҫ󷨵ͨĬұͬһԴ
Ҳ˵ҪͬһŹԵκεʡ
һѣΪս󣬿ԴСѶҲͲ
˵ͨĬǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣ˴һ£ʲôĬ
ȻҶǳ˵Щ⡣
ҶǳоŴͬԴǹһֱ꣬ʩչսѡ
ս󣬱ʵܸǿһЩˡҶİ뵽
ǾŴʱ̹
Ա𣬿һ޴
ǰսΣֵǰ֣һԣǻų˼еҶģɵСʵ
Щ
ȻҲ֪սʹѶ̫ˣԺܶ˶ûô
Ȼԣ
ҶЦ˵
ǻֱ֮
ǻʱ˷֮ɫ
ôˣڿȱǱѩˡ


1613 Ѫɫ
лǰ̫лǰˡǻæҶĹм֮ɫ
Ҷİ˰֣ҡͷȡˣսļֵܴҵȷĶˡ
ҵǺ棬սΪǰû˰㱨𣿡
ҶЩɻؿǻʵ
񼶵սű˿ս
Ȼˣôû˰ǻأ
ɱһʥЩԣӦѶȲɡ
ʥؾûգĴ̺ܿ԰쵽ɣ
ǰ֪սȻܴ󣬼ֵܴ󣬵ʹҪҲ̫ˣû˿ϡǻһЦ
ҶȻҪ𣿲ͬһֹǵĬ𣿡
ҶľѶȲ󰡡
ǰֻ磬ǵȷѶȲ󡣡
ǻԿЦܹʥģҪͬһֹǾͺˡ֪ʥˣиԵҲǶһŹ߳ʥļʣôܻ᲻ԣҪͬһʥˣʵ̫ˡ
⻹Сʥ𣬵˴ʥʥѶȾ͸ˡ
ǻ˵ܹұĴǶСʥʥۣͬһĹʥ⼸ܣսûʲôô
Ҷˡ
ʥˣôֻһŹӵڣ֪˶ֹ
壬ҵڶ
ЩʥҲһÿһʥԼ·Ҳڶһ·ˡ
˵ͬԴĹʥˡ
Ҷ֮ǰü򵥣Ϊ֪зЩȻͬԴģʺʩչս
£ҶĲ¶ɫʵ˵ΪֹЩ֪ս󣿡
÷һ֡
ǻҲû⣬Ƭ̣شΪ˸лλ˱ڣս߹Ӧû֪оʮ칬ʥؽãҲ֪ʮ칬Ѿˣֻʣ֪
Ҷüͷһʮ칬Ҳ֪
֮ǰɷ̸ʱǲ²ʮ칬ʮλʥͬһˡ
²ΪĻôԷӵսʵжǿ
ʮʥѾܿˣԷӵսôʵ͸ǿˡ
Ҷɻӵôǿʵʮ칬ôѵмʮħʥֻ½
ңҶĲǣʮ칬ʮλʥɵ
ǵʵ򲻹ħҲ߰
Ĵ̺ػԲںħĿ½ħռݣ
ʮ칬ʮλʥҶĵĸоƺЩ嶯ˣҲЩǡ
ҶõϢǳ٣Ͼʮ칬̫ˣƾһϢѸԭ
ҡҡͷҶûж룬վǻ˵ͬˣȹʱ䣬ҾͰ־껵ͷ㡣
ǰǻæվҶȥ
ҶĵıӰǻݺݵһȭͷԸˡ

ȥ·ϡ
ҶĲɵ˼ţȥɱ־껡
ʱϾɱһʥ̫ˣˣǾͻᱩ¶
Ҷȥɱ־껵Ļһȵ뿪۶ڹʥͻɱˡ
վҪڹʥٶһΡ
Ҷİ뵽
ܹڹʥ±
ı𣬶ڹʥ׷
ʵɲ籾𣬱Ͼûбǿ󣬶һȱ˱Ļ
ֻǣ𵱳ıĻýǿࡣ
Ͼʱıľûдﵽ߲ΣҲûý硣
ѽôɷһŸˣȫְæնɱ־껡
ͻȻҶ۾һ뵽
ɷһڴҶ汨û£ȫԽնɱ־껣˳ֵ飬˳Ѫ̵Ŀ꣬Ҳñǹעʥ档
뵽ҶĵëźŷϢ
ΪʲôëźŷϢ
ΪʥһϢʥ޷ݳҲ޷ݵʥ档
ԣΪ˷ͱ𴫵Ϣëľźŷʥ档
ëľźŷֻһĿСҲֵҶǳΣϢʲˡ
ʱëľźŷӵҶĴϢϾͷʥˡ
ҶֻҪĵȴѶɡ
¡¡
Ҷ׼ػʹȴѶʱһɿֲϢʱƵڵ۶Ͽա
˲䣬ҶķΧķǽ壬нֵϵĵ棬ȫѪɫ
ɵ̧ͷȥͫ׶ʱһ
ԭڵ۶ϿյƬأѾѪɫ
۶ƬѪɫĹâӳճѪɫһƬ
ǿϢʱʥûôǿѵʥ
Ҷ¶֮ɫ


1614 
Ѫɫӣֱ۶ϿأӴĵ۶ˡ
۶֮УһӰ¶߾ȻؿеƬѪɫ硣
ˣǻû˸ŵؽٵ۶Ҫս
ȻҲһЩʥǿߣϳˣһʱɫء
Ѫ
Ѫ̵Ľ
λôˣ

һλλϢǿʥ˳ڰУ̧ͷƬѪɫء
ڲԶĻʹڣҲһǿӰ˳
ҶĿʮ߻ӡŻӣпռʥʱʥҲˡ
иİʥˣǵϢǿдʥйʥ
һ̣ʹڣֱȺʥ貣âҫ
Ѫݹ٣ô֪ͨһӭ
ͻȻһϵ𣬴ӻʹڴ˳
ҶתͷȥڻʹһڣӳһΰӰ
һߣڻλϣȻƻֺꡣ
һ˫ӣӳǺ׹Ŀ³͸գ˸յѪɫ硣
Ҷ֪˱ʣҲǻ½ľλͷ֮һ
վڻ½۷ĴڣʱʥռʥǶѷɫܶࡣ

֮ϣƬѪɫʵĻ£һž޴¶
ðǰ֡޴׿ʻ˵
ʵЦѪˣˣúԣỶӭ
߿УλǿߵĶԻû˸ʱš
˶Ǿ͹ۿҴһ
ΪԻеˣʥǿߣǻ½Ŵͷ֮һ
һѪ̣һÿһͳλ½֮õǿ
ǰκˣֻġ
ʮʥ㽫Ҷǳҡһ̸֮Ѫڵ⡣
ʱΧһֻͬ顢ϧĿ⣬˷Ҷġ
Ҷ򶨣ĮؿһĻû˿š
ʮʥѪǿ֪ʻ᲻ͬ⡣
Ҷû˿ĵǣϾֻһ߷Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ң۶ʵҲбüƻ
ǱǼ
Ľ˳ȥǾͼһΣʱ䡣
ֻǲ򲻵ѣҶĲôϾûеõʱʥ򱶵ʱٴ
ҶĵĿⲻɵÿԶʡ
ʴ˿ҲҶһۣҶ΢΢һЦ漴еľ޴׳˵ǸѪҶǳѾĿ䣬ûгӡ
Ҷԣ˿
ʮʥУѪɫٴ˵
۶ڣһЩСʥʥԣɵۺˡ
һЩʥǿߣ𾪡
ڿҶĵʱһޱȣڿһѹʥһ
ʥļֵڳû˲
ʮʥֱһ󱦲ˣʥĶ
ҡͷѪỹǾ仰ûнӣ㻹ذɡ
˻һ˵ҶһЦݵص˵ͷЩͬΪĿǣ˿ҲЦݡ
ܹܾôջ󣬶άĿ䣬ЩǺ⡣
ѪƺҲʵ⣬֪ʽҶǳǲܵ󣬵˵ͷãǱȸˡ
ԣΪ¾͵Ϊֹˡ
ڴʱѪſ죬³һ
ᣬѪ̽Ѫڴģ˭ɱҶǳȥѪ̲Ѫһǧꡣ
һ䣬ž޴Ҳʧˡ
ѪɫأҲɢȥ¶۶ԭա
ǣ۶ڣһƬž
ֱΣһƬ
۶ˡ
ЩСʥʥûʲôЩʥǣһĿҶġ
ɱ˵ĻҶھѾˡ
һǧ꣡
ЩСʥʥûʲô
ǶЩʥЩڹʥ۷弶ĳǿߣֱ
Ϊܹùʥͻʥʱߺܴļʡ
Щʥ˵ջ̫ˡ
ϾΪ˹ʥҪٴһʵ̫ˡ
ҪȻ½Ҳôһʥˡ
ߣ
ҶĵȻҲеԵʣӭЩʥĿ⣬һתŻʹȥ
ǵ۶ǻʹЩʥеɱ
Ҷò˵ѪΪɱȷǻ˾޴ֱۣǲɱͲưոˡ
ҲҶɣԲٿˣֱӴӦʱʥ
£Ҷľֱӳʱʥסȥ
ȼʱʥ֮Ҷĳ˵ǰҴӦҿԷģʱٴǰҡ
û⣡ʱʥЦŵͷΪҶǸܵ˾޴ѹҪõʱٴҲ


1615 ׼
ʹڣҶķ֮ʱʥͽʱٴ󴫸ˡ
ҲֻҶǳһ֪
ʱʥ㴫ȥ
ԣҶĵʹѶëľźŷȥʥұһ߷ʥ档
ȱɳ뿪ʥ֮ҶľͰʱٴ󴫸ˣͨʥڵı֪
һУҶ˿
ˣֻҪ꣬ܽʥˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԼסȥ

ʥ档
Ҷǳӷ֪ʱٴϢ֮󣬾̿ʼ󷨡
Ϊֻһ֪ëﲻֻܿһ˲
ҶǳΪѾ㹻ˣֻҪպ«ưˡ
ڲ󷨵ĲϣҶǳҲУȱټҲëǲȥѰˡ
²Ѫ̵ʥЩʥɲǿģʥ֮еıǼֱҶǳޱȡ
ϾЩѪ̵ĹʥûԼᱻ˷²ǶԼı
Щʥ£ǵıȻǳ࣬һЩĲϣܴҵõ
ʮ겻Ҷǳͽʱٴúˡ
ɷǡëǶιۡ
ǿֲ򱶵ʱ٣λʱʥľ̤ʥˡɷǸܵһЩʱٴЧʱһ֮̾ɫ
Աߵë۲ϧˣСӷģñү֪
ҶǳЦ˵󷨾ȻҲܸ㣬Լȥķѳһʱѡ
Ҳֻˡë˵ͷ󷨷ǳԣ󷨣Ȼ
ԱЦԺʲôʱ򣬽չؼ͹ˣܹʡʱ䡣
Ҷǳ˵ͷʱٴ֮ʱٴҪˣҲö࣬㹻ܶˡ
ֻҪıչ꣬ܽʥˡ
Ҷǳ˷ܲѣڴš
ʥֻҪ̤磬ʵࡣ
ϾɹʥһʥǾ൱ڹʥ۷ս
ټϻͻýĸʱʥռʥǿʥаһսаսܡ
ʱʥͿռʥһʥ±ôҶǳʱȻҲһʥˡ
ʱƶвģҲֳֻʥˡ
οҶǳзѪ̵Ĺʥ²ʱͳʥķһʥķ
ʵȻ𣬵Ҳǹʥ۷壬ټϻý磬һռʥʱʥǿߡ
뿴ǿķټҶǳǸжǿ
ټϴʥشǻõս̹Ҷǳаտʥǿˡ
ұվ˻½۷塣
ʱҴѳɣѪҲκβˡ
Ҷǳйâңš
Ѫӵһ㶼¡
Ͼ򲻹ҲܹӵߣѪܲ׷ְɣ
Ҫ֪Ĵ̺ѹɵ̵򲻵ѣǸʹãӲܽɡ
뵽Ҷǳתͷɷ˵ǰҪչһʱ䣬ʲôħѨͰǰˡ
İɣ㼸ϣʥħҲ塣ɷЦ˵
Ҳ֪ҶǳչΪʵϾҶǳռ֮ģʱҲֻʵ
Ҫ򡮵ֻҪʱ۾͹ˡ
ֻһɷǺɻ󣬼ʱٴǿ򱶣ǵʱܹʲô
Ҫ֪ɷǵСʥ磬Ҳǻ˼ʱ䡣
ҪӴʥʥ磬ǻѵʱ͸ˡ
򱶵ļ٣Ҳûʲôôɣ
Ȼÿ˶ÿ˵ܣɷҲûѯʡ
ܹѪ̵׷ɱܹѪһʧȥʥԼ۳ʥķǶҶǳ
ɷǾԼǷҶǳܴ飬ЩΣȻҶǳܣֻϣܹҶǳץʥҲǲҶǳˡ
ңҶǳԼˣץʥħһҲǰԼ
Ҷǳ׼ƽģɷǲͬ⡣
ΪɷǾץʥħʱҶǳ
磬̶ҵİܴ󣬵Сʥҽʥǹʥа𣿡
ɷǽ֮Ҷǳ漴Ҷõ̶̹ë
սɲδԿʥĵơ
Сӷİɣڵ󷨼үֻҪӲϼɡ͸㲼ʱٴһպ«ư⻹Ѳסү
ë鿴һ̣漴һŵ˵
Ҷǳԣʱˡ
һ׼ͽʱٴչˡ


1616 ֳ
ֳǣǻ½һĻҳǳأĳ־ɢһλܴĴʥǿߣ˳ʥе
һǲֳǵģΪֳڣûаȫ֤ġ
ĳǳأʵȳǿҷ£ͻܵĳͷЩǳڵľҲܰȫ
ֳǲһֳڣֻҪ㲻־껵£Ϳ˼ɣɱǶġ
ȻֳɱٺҪϽʮ֮սƷ־껡
ΪˣֳǲŷǳңһɱӵĻ֮ǡ
ҲãĳǳӦû˻
ʵֳǵ˿ڻǷǳģЩǳء
ΪЩ׼񡢺¶ݵߣϲֳĵط
дɵֳ
Ͼֳеս̫ˡ
ҪֱĨǳ𣿡
ʱֳǲԶĸ߿֮УӰ
ɷһҶš
յҶĵϢ֮Ǿ͸ֳˣ׼նɱ־껡
˵ʵ̫ˣ˳ֶΪˡ
ɷһҪֳǣҶŻһæ˵˰ɣ̫ˣûҪȫɱ
Ǽ˿ڵĴǳذ
ɷǻǱ𱨵ķˣһ㶼ںˡ
СӶʥˣôʴȣ
ɷһƳҶһۣ漴ԶֳǣߣߣߴҲǺˡ
ǰ㲻ֳҲ٣԰Щڳɱʡĳȥˡ
ҶЦοڻɵĵȫɱˣǵ˺ܶɣ˵Ҳ޹İ
ı㣬СӰɱɵɷһҲûмذ˰֡
Ҷ΢ЦǰǻȽȥɣҶֳҲЩ档
ȥʥˣһȥͻᱻ󷨸ֵġɷһҡͷ
½ʥ˲󷨣һӲԹ涨Ǿһ⵽ʥ˽룬ͻԶ
ǻ˵Ͽɣûʥ˿Բ־ͽʥ˲õ󷨡
ʥ˶Ľ롣
ǲ˵ұ
෴Щʥ֮µߣǾͲˡ
Ͼʥ֮½ϣǻʲô
ǰһסǣǾĽֳˡ
ҶЦ˵
ɷһüͷһƺ뵽ʲôȵѵľﵽ߲Σܿ󷨶֣
ҶҡͷЩԵ󷨻У󷨣κ˽룬ҲĽȥ
Σĵ۶Ĵ̵ܲ󷨣Ҳ޷ĽС
ҶŵĻɷһŸ̾Ѿˣ½ĳǳػ϶ǿԵ󷨣Сӿˡ
ٺ٣⵹һüܣǱ׷ɱʱ㵽ĸǳһ㣬ǾͰȫˣǾ벻ǻǳڡ
ɷһ۾
ǰѪ̹ʥ׷ɱʱ򣬿ǲҽǣϾһǣͻᴥǴ󣬴Ӷ֡
ҶߣǾͲõˣԺĶЩǳء
Ҷĵˣ϶벻ǻǳڡ
ϾĻ½ҲֻҶһ˵ľﵽ˵߲Ρ
Ȼǰ½ֻǲ֪ЩǷ˹ľ߲εܡ
ˣɷһҲ£Ķǳڣ˭֪Ƕǳأ
ǵıʹǿˣҲұ𡣡
ɷһϲɫ
˵֮䣬Ҷĸ֮£Ȼؽֳǡ
һֳǣսıըлҵŭʹ˷
Ҷ˵ĲԶмĺܼҡһ⣬ǵĴ򶷣޷ƻΧĽҲ¡
Ľʥ˼ӳֹʥģûʥ˵޷ƻ
ҶϸһȻʧЦλʥҲеû£ǳؼӳʥġ
ôǳͱݻˡɷһŵ˵
Ҷŵ˵ͷڵĴʵ̫ˣӳʥģٶĽﶼᱻݻˡ
ڳڹţҶŵڸǣ·ˣ϶Զغǡ
ֱ˳ž־ʥ
ʥˣǵ˭ôֳǵģ
һӰͻȻҶǰһ׺ݵصǣ˸ŽĹâ
־껣֮ǰڳֱܵҵΣոоűѵġ
ʱͷųԼ̽ӳΧߡ
ܿ죬Ҷźɷһš
Ϊ־껷Լ͸ˡ
Ҷŵ߲εǣ־껿͸Ҳ
Ǻǣλʥ˻һɢޣȻѾʥ۷徳ˡɷһŴǰ־껣¶һ˿졣


1617 
ʥ۷壿
ҶԣЩȵشǰ־껣¶֮ɫ
ʥ۷弶ɢޣҲֻҴʥѡ
ɢܹʥ磬Ѿǳϡˡ
οǴʥ۷弶ǿߡ
Ͼɢ޼ȵȱԴûǰָ㣬ٶǺġ
紫ǴʥڣʵҶŰ뵽
Ҳ߶ϲʵΪԷһµԱֶΡ
Ҷǳصʵ͸ˡ
ϧ־ǣע·һ
ǵ˭
־ɷһһ۾ͿʵΪͫһɫˡ
ͬʱֳǵĻǴѾˣҶźɷһѸٸ뵽ֳ֮⡣
˵Ӱ˲ֳ֮гֳǵĸ߿ϡ
лǴļ־˿ɫ䱸ؿŲԶҶɷһš
󷨣бҪ𣿡ɷһһмؿŶ־껡
ҶҲҡҡͷ֮ǰڣʵֹ־껵ġ
ֻǣûҪ
־껵ΪǿֳǵĻǴҲǿ
ཫ־껵ʵɶѡ
СӣְɣɷһŶҶ˵
棬־۾ɷһҶţŭǵ˭Ҽǵеǣ
ǻʶɣҶЦʵ
־һ㶣ƺЩϤһʱҲûˡ
ϾֻǸʥ֮µϣôܼϡ
ôʥأҶٴ˵
־ͫһʱȻ޺޵ԭǸСģʥصıﶼˣܹʲôұĶǣ
˼ĴұҺܸȤҶЦ
־ɫк˸Ǿ͸ȥɣ
˵꣬Ͳٿ󷨣Ҷɷһź
ý磡
Ҷŵ³֣漴˵һˡ
һ̣һ޴Ļý㽵ˡ
־껱ý֣ʱʧȥҶǵ١
ӻýѳʱѾ˾ųɾŵʵˡ
˾֮ɫЩŵصҶ˵ҶǳôܣҶǳڵ۶ô
ûҪ֪̫ࡣҶŵ˵
лý֣־޷⴫ϢģԼݱ¶
ɱ
ɷһ֣̽־ѹȥ
־껵ʵ̫ˣɷһλʥǰ͸ûеֿ
һ棬־껾ͱشˡ
ʥɷǣ־껾ֵؿɷһš
ҶǳĹʥҲ֪ɷһ
˾ȻɱԼСĴұôļֵ𣿾Ȼ붯һλʥҶǳ
ȴ֪ɷһֻæġ
¡¡
սʼ߿дֲ
ֳǣſڵϣе
ʥ֣ѹȸ̫ǿˡ
ɢʥЩʥ֮µϿԵֵġ
ʱֳڵ׶֮˶սˣ׷ſڵϣһֵеʥս
ţǧǣԼ

ҶǳֻҪ㲻ɱңҿ԰еıﶼ͸㡣
߿У־껴
ɷһʥĹ޷ֵֻѡġ
ϧҶΪǰọ̃Ѿǻˣɱ־ɡ
ˣĶһҵġҶĮؿ־˵
Сӣɣɷһſʼȫˣлýѹƣ־һ˿֮ûУͱѹˡ
߿֮Уý缸۳һ״־껹档
Сӣһʥ硣ɷһЦ˵
Ҷŵ˵ͷѾﵽʥˣֻСʥ۷塣
־֮󣬱̤ʥˡ
ԴˣҶǳľŸȫ˴ʥ硣

֮
۶
Ҷڴ㳡˴ҴҸ˾ɽλʥŵĳϣҶǳշˣǲ̵ĳϡ
βʥ棬˾ɽûȥ縺粹̵ӡ
˾ɽ˷ǰ۶Ǵ־ͷģȻ־ϢѾˣͷҪġ
Ҷ־֮󣬾Ͱͷ˾ɽˣҶġ
Ҷŵã׼ʵû뵽Լ̤ʥ硣
ҶİһЦ
־껵ͷҶĿǰһ˾ɽʵĵӻûΪǣ
ڲû׷ɱǣʱһЩڵĵǵ鷳ڸֹ߲ģڵӵΪ˾ɽæ˵
Ժýҽˣ֮λѾø˧ˡ
ҶЩÿνë֣о߳ܡ
˾ɽҲǿЦ
ҶİֵùڣûǲҶô
ǣ˾ɽ˵ͷ
Ҷļ˵ǵĻ𣿡
Ҷ˾ɽ֪γƺҶˣ룬ǽǰɡ
Ҷǰǵ־ܼᶨû˱ǲ̡˾ɽ˵
Ҷص˵ͷ漴˵ߵǣõһˣ༸꣬Ҿʹڡ
˾ɽŴͣƺЩš
ꣿ
ʱ䣬㹻Ҷǳɹʥ
Ҷû˾ɽ־껵ͷˣ׼ǻ˽顣


1618 
ʱ䣬ƶ
һ죬ٴ
׼ȷ˵ǵ۶ˡ
Ϊʮ߻ӽĴ䣬ɣ׷ǲʹǰףء
ڣҲǿǰףء
۶ʱɽ˺
ҶҲû취ټǱޣӵʮ߻ӵ뺯ҲҪȥμδ䡣
ʵϣδ䣬Ҳֻʥ˲ʸμӡ
ʮ߻ӵٰʥһֻһΣĸˡ
ǰμӵʥˣСʥʥйʥҲˡ
ĴĴ̣ɹʥӣӼʥʮСʥǰ
ڲսʥڹʥڵλʥҲˡ
оԼҲɳλʥĿ䣬Ǹʮ߻Ӽࡣ
Ҷĵִ᳡ʱ򣬴˵ѾȺʥۣһǿϢ
ЩҶǳڻ½죬˲֪Ҷĵĵʱ˳Ⱥʥע⡣
һ˫˫Ŀ⣬˷Ҷ
УвĿⶼ̺ǿҵĵɱ⡣
Ѫδӵλʥ˫ɱضҶģɫ
ڹʥҲضҶġ
һЩʥҶ¶⣬ҶЩ⣬ΪʶЩʥ
ܿˡ
ΪѪ̶͡
ֻҪ˭ɱܽѪ̲һǧꡣ
Թʥջ̫ˡ
ԣЩʥҶ¶ˡ
ʵϣһЩ䣬ضҶġ
ϾΪĿ䣬Ҳ˶ܲ
ʵҲֻʱʥռʥǼǿĹʥʸ
ĹʥɶҪնɱҶǳӶѪ̲Ļᡣ
ҲãЩʥδЩʥϣ
ɱңҲǳ֡
ԼǾ͹ֲñˡ
ñȱٲٹʥ÷׹ʥЩԼš
Űɣа꣬ȥ

ҶĿһɨЩĹʥЦһսǱȥˡ
ȱʥ֮ЩҪʥǿʵˡ
ǻ½Ĺʥô࣬ɱκһܴĺ䶯ܶĵӡ
ǣЩʥԼǱ˾͹ֲҶǳˡ
Ҷ֣
ս߻˾嫺˶Сʥⳡڷǳۡ
ҲֻҶĵĵܵʥĹע
ôûҶĿսʥǱߣֻսʥͼʥˣûкԪӰ
սֻ̾ǺܽģϴΪսʥַˣѾǵսʥλãѾսʥˡ
Ҷüսʥڵļ£ôܣ
οϴε飬սʥûжԲ
ֻ˵ϴսʥûȫԸ˼Ϊסһλʥ
Ҷĸûɹսʥֻ˵֮ĹϵתΪͨѶѡ
£Ҷĸûʸսʥڵļ¡
Ҷ֣İɣսʥĵϵµģҲչһʱ䣬ܹ̤ʥҲ˵˾嫺Ц˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷȷòŵĺԪİȫһȷսʥĺȻҲܵսʥڵˡ
֮䣬ʮ߻ѾˣԵúܸˣЦݣزסϲɫ
ҶĿԶľŻӣλ߸ϣľŻӣ˿һĻǷϡ
λյľ֣ھʤ
ŻӰˡ
Ժʮ߻ӵʱ
УҶǳȴǰ˺ܴæûİʮ߻δܹܾŻӡ
ⲻʮ߻ӺһЩʥ֮󣬱æҶĵлҶ֣ĻͲ˵ˣǵꡣ
ʮ߻ӴԱȡƱһƵݸҶġ
ҶЦžٱףصϲʮ߻ӣӦý̫ˡ
ҶֱȤˡʮ߻ӿЦҡҡͷеЦݣȴôҲβס
Ȼʮ߻ЦݣҶĵ˵ͷ˵Ҷ֣뿪һ
˵꣬ʮ߻ӱ˴Ϸ
һǿŵġ
˿̣һǿϢͻȻϷŵıϣҲ֮һΰӰ
ʱ£
ʱ£

ʳˣһȺʥ˷׷
Щʥ΢΢˹
ʲʥǿߣִһͷ˭Ҳ𾴣
ʵĵʮ߻ӽĴҲʽʼˡ
ʮ߻Ӽᣬʱ꣬ڳִˡ
Ȼʮ߻»Ҫܼ֮꣬λ
˭ЩǻʱԶأ
ʴﵽʥѾܾˣܿҪչز񾳽磬ʱȻҪж֮λ
Ҷ֣֮ߣ˵ͻȻʮ߻ӵҶĵĶС


1619 
ͻȻյʮ߻ӵĴҶЩȣ֮
ʥȥʱʮ߻ӴҶǳһƫ
Ҷ֣ҪæˣģֻǸҳͷ񡣡ʮ߻һߣһЦ˵
Ҷ΢΢Ц̫ӲؿҪæľܷԸ
Ҷ־ͱȤˣǽְɡʮ߻ҡͷЦ
漴ʮ߻Ӽ˵񲢲˽æ񡣶ңֹһλ䣬ˡ
Ҷԣ΢΢Щ
˵֮䣬˽ǰƫ֮С
棬ҶĶʱһˣλռʥվӡ
վӼҶĽ΢΢һЦ
ǰҶ΢΢
漴ҶĴܣֳ˿վλʥ֮⣬λʥ
ҶĲɵͫһóλʥʵȻȲϿվӣҲڹʥǸǿһЩ
ôһǿ¡
εˡ
Ҷ֣뼸λǰʶ
ʮ߻Ա߽ܵҶ֣Ҹһ£վǰѾˣλʥ
ʮ߻ָǰһλɫ۵ӣҶĽš
ͬʱʮ߻ӻҶ˵ʥһλ۷ʥ
Ҷ΢΢һݣǰλʥĸоһǳֲ
ҶСѵĴҲѾãһȻ鴫ʥҶЦŵͷ˵
Ҷæ˵ǰˡ
ʮ߻漴ָԱһλһֻɫϵٸ˵λǷɺ׹ʥ
ǰҶأλɺ׹ʥʵȻʥѷһǶԷߵĵףȻҲǹʥΣ
λʥ
ʮ߻ָһλʥܵʥǷǳϡе塪ʵǷǳǿ󡣡
ǰҶļ˭Щ˶ǰء
ʥҶĵ˵ͷ漴ЦŶʮ߻˵̫ӹˣڵڵļλʥУҿʵһ
ʮ߻΢΢һЦûлػĸʥͨĹʥɲκһ
ϣʮ߻Ӳɵÿ˿վӡ
ҶĶʱȻǿվӴӣҲϾվӵʵڳǿһ
ӣ˭ʸ
λ
վӿˣЦ˵ӦöʱµϾҪж֮λչس񾳽ˡ
ҶĿԱߵʮ߻ӣվӵĻ֮󣬲ɵͫһ˸˷ܵĹâ
Ȼλʮ߻г˼
ǣ̫ڵΪŴʥ磬ʤ֮λ
վӼ˵ԣε񣬱Ϊ˰̫Ϊ̤ʥ硣
ҶԶʱȻ򣬸ʮ߻ӽĸѹһ˵Ϊǡ
ҪֱӰʮ߻Ӹʥ磬ѶЩ󣬲֪ʲôơ
Ҷļš
վӽ˵Ҫ̫ƿѸͻƵʥ磬ǻ½ΨһǱԪԣε񣬱ץԪ
վӻһ䣬ʥüԪɲץһڵʵӽʥˣվʵ൱Ǽ֣ټҶСѵĸѣǻ׽ˡ
ʥ̾Ϣϧֹʥ̤룬һʥǰȥˡ
֪Ľʲôɺ׹ʥ
վ΢΢һЦ֮ҺԲһ꣬ǣѡʮ꣬һһʥ
˵գվӿҶģЦҶСѣ⣬εĽѡһʥ֮ǲ󷨡ʱƾ¶λʥҲ޾塣
Աߵʮ߻Щؿһۿվӣڽ֮УûÿվӲ󷨵ĽȻǿվԼȥġ
ʮ߻Ҳûж룬ΪҶǳ˵ȷ
ĻҶǳҪһֱڵ۶ĲҲܻع֮ǡ
˿վӲõĴҶǳͲüɵڹʥˡ
ǰ֪ˡҶҲԿվӵ˵ͷѾѡʥˣϾԺоŸʥȱپżʥء
ڿվ˵󷨣ȻˣҶĿɲҰԼˡ
󷨼ȻǿվӲõģվһ˻˼ؼʱ̵ңҪġ
ֻɽҶֻԼԼεˡ
ԣƴһΰɡʥվ˵Ľʱٷˡ
ֵ˹ʥ۷徳ǿߣҲֻԽʥȤˣȻܹĻᡣ
ʥͷɺ׹ʥҲ⣬һʥֵɲ͡
²˳٣Ǿڳɡվ漴Ц
˽ǵͷ


1620 
뿪ʹվֱ˺գҶĵ̤Уʧڵ۶
ǵ뿪۶Ĳʥ˸Ӧˡ
Ͼ˺ѿռɢ̫ǿˣӲЩʥʥ۾
ڵ۶ĳطѪδӵĹʥ۾Żʹķɫһ䡣
ʦ棬Ҷǳ뿪۶ˡԱߣһλѪ̵ĴʥҲӦˡ
Ѫ̵ĴӹʥߵпվڣɱģֻܰϢˡ
˵꣬ʹѶϢѪ̽ˡ
ͬʱ۶֮еʥʥҲ治ѡ
ҶǳȻ뿪۶ˡ
𣿡
пվӸţ⼸λʥִȥˡ
ǲõģпվλռʥڣʥˣҲɱҶǳ

ʥʥǸ̸š
ڹʥ۾ӦҶǳߵǼʥʵ˵пվˣûɱҶǳ
ϣѪܹõġڹʥ뵽
ܹӦҶǳ뿪ôѪ̵λӹʥ϶ҲܹӦ
Ѫ̽Ѿ֪Ҷǳ뿪۶ˡ
ôõһᣬѪ̽
Ȼǲܵġ
ֻѪܲɱҶǳڹʥҿ϶ϾҶǳпվڡ
λռʥĴڹʥ׹ʥɱǿʥ
ڻ½ʥ֮УվӾԿǰʮλ

ռڡ
ҶĻͷһ۵۶ķ
ԱߵĿվЦ˵õģҶڿռƿأһЩʥǿǲܷٵġ
ԱߵʥҲЦҶС㾡ܷģλռʥڣʥҲɱ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦмλǰڣȻģҪλǰֻ֣Ա߷Ÿý縨һ¡
ô˵ĸҪģȻǸûץԪ
վҡҡͷ漴Ц˵Ļýʱʥҵȿ»ᱻ߰˳ɣʱԸԪ
ʱʥĻýʥ֮ɫ
Աߣλʥͷɺ׹ʥҲ¶Ծ֮ɫҶĵĿУҲû˿Сˡ
һţδܹ̤ʥ磬ֻһʱʥͿռʥҪǿ
Ϊռ֮޷̤ʥ磬Ҳ㹻Ⱥۣվڻ½۷ˡ
վǰˣλǰ㱻߰˳ҲɱˡҶǫ
ʥЦСӵǫ飬һ㶼ûŵİѹô;˳ɾͣǰ;
ϧĴ̺ϹۣȻŸˣҹڶˡλɺ׹ʥһζҶĿ˵֮г͡
ɵӣ֪ҶǳһΪʥʵᳬԽǡ
ǱɣȻҪǰύ
ǻһĴʥǾͻֱˡ
½վʵΪ

վ˵̸Ц˵ɲΪǴҶСѣԴڿʼֻҪǴӻǿչ·ˣ츳ΣĴ̺һ£֮㿴ˣҲٷŹһҶСѡ
ˣĴ̺ļҵôõžϸѡֱһ¾ˡ
ʥЦ˵츳õľص츳ģͶȥҲͲҶСˡ
Ҷû뵽Լĳ֣ȻĴ̺ı˶Իǿչ·̬ȡ
ЩظϹţһ
ٰĴ̺ǰһܸߵĻ
ҶǳܹĴ̺Ļڵĳɾͱˡ

ǵˣ
ռڣվӺȻ˵һ䣬漴һ˺գȥ
Ҳȥ
һ̣ǰһһƬɫǰ
ҶСѣǻ½ϵһطվЦ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ֮ǰҲڻѯˡ
γɺ⣬һλ񾳽ħɵģλ񼶵ħǱ½һλնɱġ
񼶱ǿߣʵǳ¡
ԣλħȥô꣬˵ʥĽ룬ֻʥµ߿Խȥ
λȥɡվ˵գʥ˵ͿųԪ
󣬿վֶԷɺ׹ʥ˵ٶ죬ǣԪˡ
ʥͷɺ׹ʥ˵ͷ
ҶСѣֻҪԪ̷ųý硣վתͷҶ˵
ףҶĵ˵ͷֻǸͷŻý磬Ͼǵʵɴ򲻹Ԫ
˷ùһǰɫ


1621 ʥ۷
ڣҶĻſվӸղŵķ䣬֪ļʥѡģǸиص㡣
ʥԪɺ׹ʥٶȿ죬ǣסԪ
ʥشԪվ׼СӡԪ
ҶĵĻý磬Ԫʵ
ǼϺˣӳǳֲ

Ѫ̣
Ѫ̽Ѫյ۶ӹʥĴѶʱһĿ˸
վӡʥʥɺ׹ʥĸ˵ʵܸʥһˡ
Ѫţңĸ˵ǳԪȥġ
˵Ӧжλ񾳽ˣλʮ߻ӽʥΪִҪץһԪλʮ߻ʥ硣
Ѫһ㣬ʱҶĵ˵Ŀĵˡ

ʵ㣬֪ʮ߻ӽ飬Լʵٿվӵ˵ϣܹµóˡ
ֻǣǸطЩ鷳
Ѫɫʥ޷пվڣټҶǳĻý磬ɼվӲεĹʥȥҲκβǡ
ѪףɱҶǳģֻܵǳˡ
ֻǣô˭֪Ǵʲôط
Ѫ˼š
Ҷǳһ̤۶λɱĻᣬ˭֪ʲôʱٳ۶
Ѫþ㼸СҲҪһΡ

ʥ棡
ڵĿռڣҶǳʱٴ֮лϳϲɫ
ʥ۷壡
Ҷǳ΢΢Цڴﵽʥ۷徳ˣһ꣬㹻̤ʥˡ
˿̣ҶǳܵԼΪʵʵشﵽ˴ʥ۷Ρ
ǿҶǳЩ޷Ӧˡ
ʵ̫ĸá
񵱳ëǽʥʱ޷ӦͻȻӵǿһ
ҶǳϾǾĶ࣬ټϻʵԺܿӦ
ڵټϻͻýĸȫԸһڵĹʥˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
һԣɷǾڴ˵أǹʥڵǿߡ
ֻϣʱҪ̫Ծ
ҶǳЦЦһ̤ʱٴѸٷȥܿͷɷǵλá
ţŰСôˣ
ɷȻܲҶǳܹܵҶǳɢϢʱһҶǳǰ
ҶǳǰɷǣЦ˵ǰҸոͻƣ׼ǰָһ¡
ָ㣿ɷɣЩɵضҶǳɻСŰĻͻýȻϾųɴʥãҵĲ໹Ǻܴģܹסһ𣿡
ҶǳЦ˵Բ֪𣿡
СӵţеưãǾһԣ±ϷذɷǹЦ
ɲΪҶǳչһ꣬ܺԼˡ
ʥʹʥ֮Ĳ࣬ɲһ̵ܹġ
ŶˣʱٴڣҶǳѾչˡ
˴ʥΣȥ꣬ҲѴﵽʥΡ
οҶǳһģ͸Ӽˡ
ݣ
̸֮䣬мӰ
ëСˡ
һڶʥ˼ķֱǲȥѰħѨԼڴ˵رչ
Ҷǳô󶯾ȻܹӦõ
ҶСӣôôͳˣëҶǳʱʵ֪ҶǳԲдʡ
ϾŹȥһѣҶǳӦٱչһ꣬һ̤ʥ
СҲɻؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦʵ̫ˣЩӦҪǰָһ¡
ԲۣҪսүӰСʱȷܴǱүҪúÿˡëʱЦ
ʵҶǳ˽⣬ҶǳûаյĻǲսɷǵġ
ȻҶǳɷдˣôë㣬ҶǳѾﵽ˴ʥ۷徳硣
þûүӳˣСӿҪһҲԱЦ
СҲЩ˷ܣǹʥεսһ˿Կġ
˵뿪Ƭռ䡣
ΪҶǳɷǵʵ̫ǿˣڴ˵ؽսֻô˵ر
ԣǷɵһƬռȥˡ
ʥûʲôˣҲ˷֡
˵ʥطҶǳɲκˡ
ЩʥˣҶǳˡ
СӣְɣϷҪЩɳ˶٣ʥ𣿡
ɷվ֮УŶҶǳ˫֣һ̩Ȼ
ǰҾͲˣҶǳһ
䣡
ͻý뽵١
һ̣ҶǳӰͬһ㼤һȭͰɷǸɳȥˡ
СӡɷǵѪҺ۾ɵϴһ±ơ


1622 ݵд
֮УɷǱҶǳһȭѪɳȥɴ۾һš
ȻղŵȷЩˣûҶǳϾһʥ
˵ֲʥڣʥ֮С
Էӳʥȫʵ
Ҷǳֻһʥѣôôǿ
Ļͻýҵʵ˾ųɾţҲշѹŶԣ
ɷüͷ塣
ʥֻʣһҲͨʥԿġ
˫θһȼ棬̫ˡ
ǽȻҶǳһʹѪɡ
Ȼ˲أҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҫ֪Ա߻ëСڿء
ʱ˻ڽš
Բۣүڷˮ𣿷ˮҲôŰ㿴㷢ͶҶСӴˣϰݺҶСһ١
еߵȻë
һ￴ɷǱҶǳһȭѪɣֶ࿪ˣһֻ
ԱߵЦүӣǹʥ˴
үӼͣǰһСҪ϶ˡ
ɷŭС쵰ҹ
˵գһɳ죬ֱ˺գҶǳɱȥ
̫ˡ
Ҫһ᳡ӡ
첻Ҷǳʹһ٣Ͳɷǡ
Сӣʥŭɣ
䣡
ɷһ־ǴУֱٻǳǿҶǳûˡ
ҶǳʱвҴ⡣
֪ɷƾһУİ£Ѫһλʥڵǿ߸ˡ
¡¡
飬Ťǳ׹漫产ˣĩս٣ؼһƬ
Զսëˣһ֮ɫ
ǹʥǿֲ̾
ë˵ͷУһоͱɱˣ⻹ǱͻýˣȻ¡
ʥʲôʱܴﵽ簡̾
ԼǱˣ˭ǸǳǿλƬΪ
ëƲƲ죬漴ЦҲûлᣬ֮ǰǾźŷյҶĴϢ˵ԪֻҪһԪܽǵΪֱʥΡ
ֺ£Ԫֵõǣ¶Ĵ̺˸ץ˰ɣһ漴˵
ëЦǵҪץҶ˵ֹʥ̤룬ԪʵֿȿռʥǸΣô׾ץġ
ԲۣռʥǸΣʥ˭ץʱ𾪵
ëٺЦˣҶСӵĻýԪʵаץԪ
ë˵ʲôʱҶСӵʵﵽ˹ʥ۷壬ټķһ֣ԿץԪʱǵΪͿʥ𣿡
һ˷ܵڴȵ˹ʥ磬ǼҲͲǴ͵ˣʱҲܽʥ˻Աһ
ɲǶԱʱʥ˾ǲ˵ˡëٺЦδš
һԵС˵Ҷﵽʥ۷壬ټľŴܿüʥˣǵʱǴ͵ġ


ëŭ
С壺

ԶսѾ˰Ȼˡ
ɷٻǳҶǳƾͿסˣֳʥһ貵Ľ⡣
Щ۳һƴƥĽӣ˺˿ռ䣬תʱ䣬ɷ֡
ռ
ҶǳͺһʥֲƥƺҪնն
֮Уˮ죬ʱͿռ䶼˱ᡣ
ɷǱ֣𣬲ɵüٺˡ
ʥ۷壬СӾȻﵽ˴ʥ۷壬ôܣɷһˣһ߾
ȫ֣̽ҶǳΪˡ
ֱֻš
Ŷã
ҶǳȻӴʥ˴ʥ۷壬
Ҳô
ǰҶǳһХɷɱȥ
ƨСӸס֣ɷֱ˺ˣٸҶǳսˡ
ҶǳѾﵽ˴ʥ۷ΣټϻͻýĸٴȥҲκβҶǳ
ɷǿɲȥ
ǰ˵õдһ£Ŵ˶ðҶǳߵɷǣɵһЦ
ɷԶֵСӱ̬ҿҪ˶ã㶼Ҫ̤ʥˡ
⻰û
ٹһ꣬ҶǳҪ̤ʥˡ


1623 ֮
̣
˵Сôô죿ȫɷǵɴ۾ǰҶǳʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цһǿ幦ֻҪʱ㹻ûƿؼͻȥ
֮ǰҪŵɷǣʥڣʥ⣬ɷˡ
ԣҲͲɷˡ
˻ɷԣʱһ𺳵侹˿µĹǻɣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ȷǻ紫ģһŲȱĹһҵ˲ȱһ֡
ô˵ҲŹɷǶʱ춯õĹ˭Ҫ
Ҷǳɷǵ˼漴ó澭˹ȥЦǰŹ˵
ţ㽫ңɷǵɴ۾Щ˼ضҶǳ
ôҪĹ˭ɵôȥ
ûҶǳػԱߵëЦ˵үӣȱ𼤶⹦ֻҶСܹΪΪʲô
ɷһ㶡
ǰΪʲôëû
ʱҶǳദǷǳҶǳëжôΡ
˲˵ëҶǳĸ
ȻҶǳҲܰѲ̵Ľ֮λøˡ
ɷǻ˵ëڷʱھҶǳһɳˡ
ǿĹҶǳô᲻ë
ɷǵ򿪡澭̽У鿴ݡ
ⲿ澭ǲȱģֻеһ͵ڶĲ־ûˡ
ǣɷǽ˵һ֪ΪʲôŹֻҶǳܹ

ҶǳĶа
½Ҷǳ֮⣬˭ӵл
оǿʮƽ֮ţѶҲǳ
Сӻһ漣
ɷǿ꡶澭󣬾ͻҶǳˣЩп˵
ղſˡ澭ĵһҲǷʽľ
һŲȱĹȻҲ˸
ԤϣҶǳѼжôףĹ⼸ǲɵ飬ȻҶǳˡ
ھš澭ȥҶǳǶõ
˵ҶǳĴڣһ漣
СӣŹټʱʥʱٴ󣬿ºܿҪ̤ʥ˰ɡɷЩ̾ʵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦаˡ
ꡭɷ겻ѣΪ̤ʥ磬֪ķ˶ٹѡ˯²ųɹ
ҶǳأֻҪˡ
˱˰
үӣȣүǿˣһһ̬ëԱЦ˵
ҲͷһȷǱ̬ӹɡ
Ҷǳ
ɷЦЦҶǳйâҷ֮ⷽӣⷽףŻˣҲߴˡ
ҶǳһȻ˵𣿡
ûԼá
ϾΣҲ̫ˣȻÿζΪģӦòɡ
үӣиӵ壬ֲ֮ӰɣҶǳȻ뵽٣ʱʵ
ɷǳҲһЩ˵ʵȷ֮ӣֻСӵı֣ǿˡ
ɷǲ뵽һҶǳʱҶǳΪҪһײİ̤硣
񣬲Źȥã
ҶǳѾҪﵽʥˡ
øҶǳʲôͲ̫Զˡ
ҾүӵĻЩүҲǸС֮󣬲һֱߴ˵ģŶ̤ʥ硣ëԱ߸͵
Ҳ˵ͷ˵ǵõв˸ҶСͨ˻ǿչ·ֻҸҶСߣȳɴʥˡ
ҶǳЦˣûүӵǸײģҲ޷ɴʥ
ٺЦҲǸ㣬Ҳүӡ
ҶǳʱԶԡ
ɷǶҶǳо˸Ҫ𣬻øСߣ˵ýСӻѪ̡
ҶǳЦõǰҲ̫߿˰ɣѪ̿ػҾʥҲκβǡ
ͳ񣡡ɷǺٺЦĻ壬ֻҪʱ㹻ġٺ٣ǱһҪǿƵѪ̵㹻ˡ
ǰеĵˡҶǳ̾ĻԽѶԽԽķʱ䡣
Ҫ񾳽磬򱶵ʱٴҲ¡
ǰϷûϣڼȻϷ򿴵˱ϣϷȻȥԼٳʱ䣬Ϸ򶼵ȵ𡣡ɷ˵
ҶǳһҲãɷǲųȥˣҲͲΣˡ


1624 ʥ
СӣھͲ̤ʥ磬չسʲô
ȥչذɣϷķ򼴿ɣСӵıͰıչء

Դӵ֪ҶǳδܹѪ֮ɷǾʹߴҶǳչȥֱԼҪż
ҶǳɷһЦǰγ׼ȰѼʥ۷徳ȥʱȥչҲ١
ʥ۷壿
ɷüҪʥ۷壬ҪüʥħУڿûôʥħ
׼һѪ̵ĹʥҶǳ˵
ҴʥһħʥľŸҪʥ۷徳ˡ
ҶǳҲ׼
ɷЩɵЩ㰡Ͼʥħңʥľˡ
ʥٶ࣬ҲܰҶǳķ̤ʥ磬һʥȴǿ԰
ʱɱǿˡ
ң׽һʥɱȻ׽ʥѶȴ̫ˡ
ԣɷǾҶǳѡһʥʵ˷ѡ
ûϵѪ̶ҽͣһȺʥҪɱȥͣʱһûйʥķ²𣿡
ҶǳЦǲҲˣǣȻҪɱȥѪͣǾͱĺˡ
֮ǰһʥھͲһˡ
вٹʥҪɱʱֻҪȥһˣٹʥϹ
ɷǻȻ漴ߵС˵ĲȻǵ㵽ʥʱ򣬾ǡˣϷһЩʥˣʱǿ
û⣡Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ҶǳʹѪ̹ʥѡһˣѡġ
һﻹӡţ˼άתҶǳɷǺ󣬶ʱƺҪŭȴӡˣ˿ڡ
ɷһЦˣ·
ҶǳѾѳҶġҶ֮ٻˡ
ǰѪ̹ʥҶǳų𣬿ʼ
ɷҲԱ߰æӿٶȡ
Ҷǳ߸ձӴ
ʱ򣬱Ѫ̹ʥڿԿ˵ˡ
Լ³ʱԼˣɵҶǳɷǣ֮Ѫ̣һϾͻ֪Ҳù
⻰ģʥôҪ϶֮
ɱȷᾪѪ̽
ֻǣҶǳ
Ҷǳ߶ЦǺ˵ǰͱŻˣ磬ܱŻ˵ҶѪ˺ˣǽԳˣһõı
ţѪ̵ʥЩ±ƣѾҶǳ
԰Ӧʥʥ
ԡ
ȻѪ̵Ĺʥ͵طΧ߸Ҷǳʱ亹εΡ
ͫһŵôôЩ
Ǵʥ磬԰ɣɷһЦ˵
Ѫ̵ĹʥһҶǳôܣô߸ʥķ
߸ǾŸɷЦ˵Сӻ棬һ۶λע⡣
ˣ
һжˡ
Ѫ̵Ĺʥ˿̻Ȼѹֽû۶ǣԭҶǳһ۶¶档
Ͼ˭֪ǸʥҶǳȻֻҶǳһ
ķҶǳһоŸ
˶Ҷǳƭˡ
ȥ˭ɱҶǳ
ֻҪҶǳзϢһ첻й¶û˿ɱҶǳ
һҶǳһǼֱ
д˹
Ѫ̵ʥ૵
ɷǺٺЦǴʮ칬ﴫģǲ²⣬ʮλʥͬһˡ
ʲôⲻܣѪ̵ĹʥȻ
̫ˡ
ʮλʥôһˡ

Ѫ̵ʥȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䡣
ɷһֱЦ˵ǲʲô
Ѫ̵ĹʥһҡͷǲѾҪˣѾˡ
Ѫܹȷɷʵ
ҶǳЩ𾪵ؿɷǣΪɷŵأԭһѯô࣬ڻʮλʥû
ûǶԷͿֲˡ
һԷ˷ǻжǿ
ǿԸı½Ƶһɳ
⡭Ѫ̵Ĺʥ˼Ƭ̣漴ɵǿȷʮʥоŸķȫļƻ
ǰʱǶ֪Щ˻ͬһˡ
ԣȷʮʥ֮ҲͲپԷˡ
˼ʮ칬绹Ҫġɷо˸


1625 ߲
ɷ֤һԼĲ²֮󣬱㲻˵רİҶǳѪ̵Ĺʥ
ͬʱӴҶһҶȷ׷ͻƾ磬̤ʥڡʥڣŴʥ۷ǰ
Ѫ̵ĹʥɢʱҶǳΧ߸ﵽ˴ʥ۷徳硣
һ̣Ѫ̵Ĺʥɬ;ţѪ̵Σˡ
･š
ʥѪǿߣվˡ
һԵɷЩпܹɾ͹ʥжôףǷǳġ
˵һλʥһŵʷ飬˻½񻰡
˫ǵжԹϵǳУȻͬԷ
²ˣҲֻ·һ
Щ࣡
ҶǳλѪ̹ʥֳţץ֮СĸӦ֮УŻʥ۷塣
ϾҴʥӡħʥܰҴʥľŸﵽʥ۷徳硣
Ѫ̵Ĺʥɱħʥǿˡ
Сӣ㲻ǻ𣿲ҶžͲÿˣҵɷһŷ𣬲ȱٴʥɷ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴еһŽë˵ľźŷȥ۶Ҷġ
ë˵ͷ
Ҷǳʣµţɵɷǵǰʣ¿԰ʥ۷ķץħʥܹ֮ٶһʥˡ
ɷûпˣֻţʣµëˡ
ʱֻҪˣܹǰѷʥ硣ɷ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
СӣȥչˡɷǴߴٵ
ҶǳЦһҲû˵ͽʱٴȥչˡ
ĸѪ̵ĹʥֻҪ̤ʥ磬ʥķ
ʱ㲻Ѫˡ


أﵽʥ۷ϢҶĺܿյˡ
ΪëľźŷѾ۶ˡ
̫ˣΪˣǵ˴ʥ۷弶ϻý磬ӦÿԺ͹ʥڵǿ߶һ˰ɡ
Ҷһϲ
ʵͿԲڵ۶ˣԳȥˡ
٣ڹʥǵǿҪɱҲˡ
վӣз֣
Ȼǰʥص
˶ʱɫվתͷҶģѯʵҶǳǿǲԪ
ţҶĵ˵ͷʱȥ
ܿ͸о˾޴ѹơ
磬ﵽ߲εȫԸ½
ƬڣȴǱ˾ųɾţֻǰ̽
Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ҷĵ֮УһӴ߲ӲԶĿʥ
һ߲ˣ˵ǧҶĶԿվ˵
Աߵʥʥɺ׹ʥ뺧Ȼ
ǧ
ǵǧﶼ̽鲻
߲εľ͵εľѵĲô
ǿվӣһ£֪߲εǿôҲǵ۷壬Ҳ١
ڿʮࡣ
վҶһۣ漴ͷ˵ǾԪҶ׼ãʼ׽
ãȡһԳɹȥҺȾơʥЦ
ʥЦʥѵ˺Ⱦƣҿ˺ܶˣڿԴ󱥿ڸˡ
ιȸʥЦ
˵Ц֮䣬Ҷٶ˵Ԫǧˡ
ٶȻǿ죬Ҷ׼𣿡ʥʵ
˶˵ͷ
վתͷҶ˵㿿ֻҪųý缴ɣպʱ䡣
ףҶĵ˵ͷ֪վӵ˼Ļý粻ܷŵ̫ˣԪ
ͬҲܷŵ̫ˣԪһпߡ
ʱ䣬ҶĵԼսˡ
£Ҷļ˺󣬺Ϳվӵ˱һξ롣
վӶԱߵʥ˵һ漴ǰһռ֮š
Ȼ󣬿վӱʥʧˡ
ҶԶһĻص̽һ£ȴҲվӺʥټ
λռʥڿռһϵĳɾֱͣﵽɲľ硣Ҷо̾ޱȡ
ʹһУʥҲɱվӡ
վǿˣҪɱ㣬㲻
ҪɱǿҲߡ
ʱʥռʥ½Ȼûеġ
ˣ
ҶĺȻǰʥͷɺ׹ʥ˵
˶ʱȻ
漴˶ܵһɰϢȿվӻҪֲϢˡ
Զ߲ʹâء
һ;޴߲ˡ


1626 ռ֮
ԪڳˣӴͣԼԷɢϢҶĸеޱ𺳡
һʵѹƣ¶Ѿ̤ʥ˰ɡ
Ҷİ뵽
أ
Զɺ׹ʥոճȥͱԪһβҷɳȥˡ
ɺ׹ʥµֻףҵѪɡ
һ棬λڹʥǿߣͱˡ
Ԫʵ֪
Ҷϸս֪Ԫ԰ʥ֮󣬾ͲµԺ϶ץԪëΪ
ԣʱȻҪԪľʵ÷ԺԸ
һֻѣҲһΪӣʥһһ;޴ĺɫǰ߲ȥ
һ̣޴㻥ɱš
˶óʥ߲Ķ֣Ƭ֮䣬ͱƬ䣬ϲ˿ڡ
޴ʥѪйĴضˣֲϵ캳ء
ʥսǳĿֲκһй¶ȥ췭ظ
Щǿ˵أᱻ
һЩСʥˣҲҪ˶ӡ
ҶĶԶоЩˡ
ౣ
ͻȻһĺ
ֻŷɺ׹ʥæˣٿһɡ״ʥɢſֲݺݵضԪȥ
أ
Ԫ̧צǳɵصס˷ɺ׹ʥȫһһβٴνɺ׹ʥɳȥ
𣡡
ʥԪβס
Ԫ¶׹⣬һҧʥʱѪɽ
ʥҽе쵰֣
ͷɺ׹ʥ˶ԸԪʵ̫ǿˡ
⻹ԪûйʥȻĻɿռʥͽشˡ
ϾѾ޽ӽʥĳǿߡ
ˣ
һϤĺ
Ҷʥȥ
һ̣ԪͷϿճһŽƣֲ׵˸ͷų
𣡡
Ԫƺܵв̧޴ԴҪϿյĽƳ֡
ԶҶ۾һУڣ
ͬʱվӵҲҶԺ𣺡֣
ý磡ҶĴȵ
Ϣ䣬ý˲併ˣǰ˶档
ɺ׹ʥʥһ漴ֻý粢ǵģʱ˿
ٿǰԪȴǷԪϢ˺ܶ࣬ǲˡ
ÿµĻý磡ʥ̾
ֲ̫ˡɺ׹ʥҲһ𾪡
ǸղſԪĿ£ڣԪȴýĸǲˡ
ֲ̫ˡ
ýǡǼֱ
Ԫү׼Ѿõٰɣ
ʥӰڰ¶ٿԪͷĽƣͷųһֲ׵
¡¡
ҵ׹أֲ׵ͬһ¡
ԪһӾͱ׺ûˣڵ֮ҽ
Ͼʥ׼ѾõĴУ۹վҲӲӡ
ȫʢʱڵԪԴʱҲᱻش
ȻⲢ˵ʥͱȿվǿˡ
ʥΪ׼ʱ̫ˡ
Ͼսʱ򣬵ôܻʥ׼еĻᡣ
ã
ʥͷɺ׹ʥԪشʱϲæǰȥʥһԸԪ
ڻý£ԪʵѹƵĺܲңʥ˵Ķ֡
𣡡
Ԫˣƴȥ׼ˡ
ʥôܸߵĻ᣿
ɺ׹ʥٶ죬ʱлýҲԪģؽԪס
ʥҲ˹޴סԪ
ʥ𹥻Ԫơ
ͬʱվӵӰڸ߿УΧռ֮ţƴ֮һǳ𺳡
ҶĴһŻ֮У磬Ŀռת
ǿķӡռʥֲҶٶȱվӵʵˡ
ȻҲ֪׼ӡվҲףûѺܳʱ䡣
ȻվҲ׼ôòų֡
ɢ
߿УվӴһ
ʥʥɺ׹ʥ׼׷׳Զȥ
ԪҲӣϧƲأֱýѹƣܵٶЩ
վӶԪһһӣɫĿռ֮ŶʱӵԪΧС
𡭡
ԪŭţΧĿռ֮ײȥûãӴ͸ռ֮ţ֪ʲôطȥ
ռ֮Żһ޴Ż𽥽Ԫɡ
ԪӴһһʧʥʥɺ׹ʥǶ˿¶Цݡ
ҶҲ֪ɹˡ


1627 
ɹˣɺ׹ʥЦ
λɰǵһʱ򣬿ǻ˺ܴһվӶˣǿɹʥ˵
ⶼҪлҶСѣĻýǰԪʵ˴룬һȻɶˡʥЦ
ʥͷɺ׹ʥԣɵ÷׷׵ͷ
ûҶĵĻý磬Ԫʵ˴룬ʥͷɺ׹ʥסʥȻҲ޷ش
ʱվҲͲôɵطӡԪ
ԣҶĵĹֻ֮Ҫɵӣܿó
λʥǶҶмѡ
ҶæֵλǰˣҲֻܰСæѣƷԪģǼλǰ
Ҷôǫ飬ʱʥӡˡ
ʵǿǱǿ̬Ѻãˣ˭Ըύ
ʥЦҶСѣҶʥˣԺ˵ʲôǰǰˣǸӣͽһˡ
˵ĶԣԺˡһԵʥҲЦ
ɺ׹ʥҲЦ˵ҷɺ״㣬Ժ㣬˭ڵϼһǰɣȻȥ󣬴Ͱȥ
λʥҶĵݳ֦ȻҶĵʵõǵϿɡ
ǶԸύǱš
ȻˣСܾͺƤиλˡλʥô飬Ҷæ˵
ҲǷļ⣬Ȼô˵ʹԿֲ
Ͼ˵ͣܵڵˣһֲԿ
෴ĵλǵСܣҶǳġ֡
ǰڹʥսʥЩǰСֱڣʥʥɺ׹ʥǴ֮Ժ˭˵Сֱ
ԺٸұҶǳǾһˣ˻ŭ
ǵɣһӡԪ
ڴʱվӵ
һŷֿվѾӡɹԪ
ʥſվӣЦ˵ɲҪҶֵܵĹ͸̰īˣûĻýæôܷӡôɡ
ǰҶֵι󣡡ʥͷɺ׹ʥҲһͦҶġ
վЩؿһۣû뵽һתۣ˾Ȼ͸Ҷֵˡ
Ƿļ⣬һ㣬ҲܹóҶѾõǵϿɡ
վתͷҶģʱ¶֮ɫЦҶСγ󣬵Ȼȥһʱ˵
ʶ࣬ʥԴЦ
ʥͷɺ׹ʥҲص˵ͷ
ֻҶǫǰˣҾһԿţгʲô
СӾ֪ǫ飡ʥҡͷ
ʥҶһƣЦֵǫǽ
þûпôˣǰЩţ츳ûǿ˵һţ죬ûñܹԽǼϼһڻڴʥ۷塣ɺ׹ʥҶģһп˵
ʥʥ׷׵ͷǻô꣬ȻҲǲ
ǣܹԽǵģָ
ҲΪˣǸЩνġš
ֱҶǳǲĹۡ
ΪҶǳǱͽٶȣֱ걬Щš
ǼʶҶĻýĿֲǸ˽ҶǳǱ
ˣһΪʥܸƽƽˡ
㲻ܳΪʥƾһлý磬ҶǳԳΪ£ġ˲š
ڣץԪôѵֻҪҶģܺɵɡ
Ժ͵սҶģǾ˴ʵ
ԣҶľʵǿڸջҲܴ
˵ҶһսԵԸıһսսʤ
Ϊʶһ㣬ʥ˲ŻôظҶĽύǻһţǲöһ䡣
ˣϻ˵ˣҲûȥˡ
վЦ˵
˶˵ͷ
ˣǵȻҪȥ͡
뵽Ƿı꣬˶ǳġ
һ˵ȥ
ȻǸոշɳʱһֻ޴ƱƿնҶĵסˡ
¡¡
޴գĩս١
һ̣Ҷĵжӿֳ;ĸо
ãʥվɫ䣬ͺһ˺ѿռ䣬׼˷
䣡
ײһʯռڵ˳Ǹ޷ͻƷ
ԭλʥڳֵʱ򣬾Ѿӡ˽Ŀռ䡣
վӣȥʱʥͬУƾһˣ޷Կҡ
һ
ܵĿռøӼˣͷ·𱻶һ
ɴ˿ɼ˵ʵжôǿ


1628 
˵ǳкƵֹ
ʥ˷׷ɫ䡣
Ϊ̺֮ѹ̫ǿˣϢĸо
ʣȻһʥ
ϾǿվӣҲûϢǿ
վӣѾǹʥļˣԽ˿վӣǲʥʲô

УվĿؿԶһֵӰ϶ʱӿֳһĨ֮ɫû뵽ѪξȻˣǻǿҶǳ
Ȼǵ
ʥ˷׷׶ݣԾ
Ŷڻ½˵ѾЩİˡ
ϾѾܾûˡ
ǶʥЩϱǿ˵ʵ̫ˡ
һλ˸ѹ½µʥ
ǺǣǲǿҶǳǲСվӣҪǰɱˣҲֻȲγֲС
һЦ£Զ˵Ӱ¶
ߴɫĳۣһͨͨ
ΨһֵĿһ˫ڵӣӳĩյĳ˿һۣ궼ļ¡
ǵ
Ҷĵһ˵ˣһμˡ
ҲʺѪ֮󣬼ĵλʥ
ʥǿֲһ֣ǹǿѹҵڲ˵ͷŻýˣֵʧȥˡ
Ҷ𺳡
ʥʵֲ̫ˣԭΪԼ뻹ͷųýԷڿʥǰֵĻᶼûС
˵ףҵʵ̫ʥȣ̫ˡֻеҴﵽʥ۷壬̤ʥ磬ʥ
Ҷİ뵽
ãпվס˵Ĺ
ž޴ƾȴվӶ㿪ˡ
վӴҶǼٺˣҪ롣
ҶĿؿõٶȱȿվӿ첻˶٣˵
ѹֶ˵վʥǰ
ٶȺʵʥȷɱվӡ
λϵʥֲС
ҶСѣͷųý磬ʵվӳȵ
ҶԿЦѹ̫ǿˣҵոյͱѹñˡ
㣡վӴһΧɫâţҶȫ¶סˡ
ҶĺؿΧԼӰͺһӸΧһ
ʱҶԷֵѹСˡ
ǱСˣǵѹΧЩӸˡ
վס˵ѹ
ûᣡ
Ҷû˷ʱ䣬ʩչý磬סƬء
ʱڿվĵ͵һٶ½࣬Ͽվˡ
ǻýһ˲õСһѹֽһҪɱ㡣վߵҶģɱ졣
֮ǰ˵ҶǳôϾûۿûҶǳ
Ǵ˿̣ʶҶĻý֪֮ǶԵģһҪɱҡؽΪѪ̵һ
ɵúã
վӿٶȴĵʱҶ͵ص˵ͷ
ԱߵʥˣҲ˿
Ǹ˵δҲ̫ˡ
ڴʱЦһһڰֶ˲ͰѿվǸסˡ
Ҷֻоǰһڣޱߵĺڰ֮С
ΧԼԼĲҽŭ·˻һ궼սҪ׹޾Ԩ
Сģǵĵ򣬴ұЩӰǣʵҲĳֻþվӴѵ
õģҿԸЩҶæ˵
ͬʱҶĲٿŻý磬ʥϡ
һȻʥ˵ʵͬʱҲǵֵס˵Ӱ졣
ȻЩߣʱҲҪʥ˳֣ǵʵǷҲûʲôӰ졣
Ͼֻпվܹ֣Ҳֻʵ
Ҷǣֻܸɵۿš
ý绹ǰҵĵֱǰŪ
վӣҵĵڣĿռҲҸѹˣٶж죿
ԽԽںڰ֮ԽԽ
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ȥǳᱻ׷ϡ
ҶСѣĻأôãվҲˣҶʵ
ҶΣǷ򣬵½͵ƣ˵ȼ̫ߣôͲ󣬶㶼ûʲôã˵Ƕʥˡ
ԭˣվԣҲûлҶģϾڴҶΣˣҶɵ˲Żʵ
οҶǳͱ¶ˣҲòˡ
վҲ뵽ǰҶģֻҶǳһ߷
ΪǷҶʵûжٽţҲֻһ߷ˡ


1629 Ļ
ѵҪ߷𣿡
Ҷġơվ֮а˼ŶԲߣĿǰʥĸֻ֣վˣɡ
ǿڵվӿҲҪֲסˣʱ򣬿վӿֱ뿪
ʥ˿¶ΣգϾǶˣѪ̾Ǹֱ˺ƤˣʱѪҲҪܵĴ
ҶĲ²⣬Ŀܣֻɱһˡ
ĸʵǿΨһıǻý磬һˣֵҲ͵ˡ
ʱѪֻ̿ҪһЩۣ
ĴһжΪ档
Ҫ˵ΪҶǳѪƴǸܡ
ֻǲ򲻵ѣҶҲԼ߷
ǰǲӽ𣿡
ҶͻȻʵ
ʥܽһǾͰȫˡ
ʱʥǾˡ
վҡͷУĿռ䶼ӡˣط룬Ҳᱻʱ
ҶİҡͷվҲֻʥǿⳡսȨǱС
ʥʵһҶļ¡
ṳ̂ʥ֮ǰºʥ⣬ѡ
ʥʵ̫ǿˣҲ̤ʥ磬κβҡϧҾʥֻ벽֮ңվͻȻ̾Ϣ
ҶҲЩźվӺʱʥһԭǾʥ벽֮ң
ʱʥѾҪ̤ʥˣǿվȴûһʵǿϧ
ʱչʥԺ¾ֻʣ¿վһˡ
ȻҶĲôֱ˵οǰʱʥͬһΣʱʥѾҪ̤ʥ磬ͻҲԶˡ
㲻ֻеȲΣŻ֪ͻʥжôѡҲ㿴ֻǰ벽֮ңǿȴصĲࡣվӿЦ
ԱߵʥҲ̾˵ʥˣǹʥ۷壬Ҫ̤վ𶼺ѡ
ǰԽ󣬱ԽѡΣÿһĽǶ£ۻġʥҲ˵ɺ׹ʥͬص˵ͷ
վӿҶģʵСӣͻƾԷˮһף̶ڼ䣬ͻƵ˴ʥ磬һʥĻǴһ¾飬˵Ǿͻͻء
ҶԿЦãǰ˵ЦˣΪָܹ㰡
վӵЦǿɲһʱһͻơ˵ףҲֻһѡ
ҶĿЦѣǻ壬ֻҪķʱ䣬ûʲôƿ
ⶫֲøվӽͣ˵վӾ֪ˣҲ޷塣
棬ֻҶǳһˣ塣
Ȼ˵ǾˡվӼ״ҲûǿҶġ
ҶЦǽͲˡ
СӿҪˣһʧˣʱܹ˵ˡ
վӿҶģЩͬ˵˵ףɱģɱ
վ˵ĲҶֵܣǻܱѪ̵Ŀ꣬ɱ㲻ɡʥ̾Ϣֻǻ˼ָ
ԱߵʥҲȰҶֵܣʲôͻƿؾͲҪˣˣɾûʲôûˡ
Աߵķɺ׹ʥüͷһ壬˵ЩʲôǿվӵĮƳһۣʱеĻֹסˡ
ҶĲǰ׳գղһվ˵ҲˣڣʥʥԼԼ̽浱ǰ׳
ΪʲôͻƿؾҪû٣׳ǿЦ
Ҷɨ˼һۣЦ
ѹ֣֮ǰʥǣô顣
ԭĿĵġ
ֻһɺ׹ʥûвͽпվӵвڣɺ׹ʥҲҶԡ
ҶĳĬƬ̣漴˵ʲôܹͻƾƿĿؾЩͼ黹øֱǿͻƣΣֻԼ츳ˡ
ǹʥ磬綼ṳ̂룬ܰվǰ̤ʥ硣ҶԳ˵
ʥʥ˵ͷʵҲҶĻʲôؾ֮ǰվˣǾöԼҲԾѡһ¿վӡ
ǿվӣȴǲҶĵĻ΢Į˵ҶСѣԽԽˣȻˣֻܷˣϾҲΪ㣬ƴңҸƴҲȲ㡣
֮евֻҪɵӣó
Ҷĵ˵ǰؽ黳ֱҰɣҲǵġ
ĵÿվüͷʥʥҲЩɻ
ѵСĲ


1630 ½ʥ
Сӡ
վӶҶģüͷ壬ԷЩΡ
ܲ涪Ҷİɣ
ֱҶϿ϶ܣȻҶ츳ٸߣҲͻƾͻƵô졣
Ҫ֪ҶߵĻһͻƾ͸Ӽˡ
ûԭôܣ
ֻҶȻ׼
վһš
䣡
ĴԱ£ռŤֲкÿվһ
ҶĸǿΧľϳѷ죬ǿѹ͸ѷѹȶĻý
ҶСѣĿҪֲסˡվӳ˵
ʥʵ̫ǿˣҶĵĻý˵Ĵͼֲסˡ
ǰ뿪ɣҶĵ˵
Ȼ·һˣҲںˡ
ʧȥһѡ
ҪһʥķǼֱ׾١
ҶСѣĲ׼˵𣿡
վ۾ҶģǲҶԸʹ䣬ֻҪˣġ
ǿߣ
Ϊǻ££͸Ըȥ
ȻվҶĵϺУȴһ˿һĿ־
·Ҷ˵ֵһᡣ
ȻӵзҶǳ˵ȷǲֵһᡣ
ǿվӲ֪
վӻŬȰ˵ҶСѣܹͻƣұ֤ܹ㡣ңԺҾĿɽұ֤Ѫɱ㡣
ҶЦһվҲǷˣΪͻƵʥ磬ȻҪҵͻƵ㣬ⲻ޴
ֻһʥʥľ綼˵ʥˡ
Ҷĸоվӱƿ꣬ЩͿˡ
ǰ˵ٶ࣬ҲţˣǻǸϽ뿪ɡҶҡҡͷ
վӽҶģ뿴Ҷװģʧˡ
Ҷû˿ºͿ־壬Ե÷ǳ򶨣Щѧ
ۻ˭ʱ򣬶Ӧô򶨲ǡ
ȻˣͱҼˡ
վĮ˵һ漴ץҶģ㶪Զռ䡣
ţվӴʥʥǣ෴ķȥ
վӣʶࡣһĻʱЦһı䷽򣬳Ҷĳȥ
ͬʱסƬصĵҲʧˡ
Ƭų
ԶվӼ˿ӽҶˣҶľҲܣǿٶȣڵǰһ
ûʲôͻƵؾʥҡͷ
һԵʥ˵ͷ
ⶼʱˣҶͻƵؾ˵ˡ
վҧ촽ΪҶǳҵͻƵʧˡ
Сӣһжˣ
ŽǰҶģ֣Ҷѹȥ
ܹҵɱҶǳҲ԰ȺˡЦһ޴գЯŻݺݵѹҶġ
Ŀֲ֮£ǹʥҲҪ˲ɱ
ҶĴʥ͸Ӳֵһˡ
ҶĴ˿ֻоܵĿռ䶼ˣתһ£ϵطѾֹˡ
ʥĿֲʵ
Ҷһ̾ͬʱҲ¼һĻ˱
Ƿʱع鱾𣬵ʱżع顣
ʱҲܵĿֲʵʥ磬һЩ˽⡣
һеΪֹѪҪɱˣ˭Ҳס֮кƵš
ž޴ƣѾֲҶĵѹҪˡ
վӵԶţҶĵ϶ѺۣһɹѪҶ˶Ⱦˡ
Ƕ֪Ҷˡ
ϧˣһţˡʥЩꡣ
ɺ׹ʥ̾ϧ½ʱûаĴ̺Ͳһˡ
һжʥҡҡͷ
ţȻԱߵĿվһЩŵصɴ۾
ԱߵʥҲӦһɿֲϢȻƬ֮
Եɲɱ
һЦ¡
ڵɱҶĵʱҶǰĿռ䶸ȻƿһϤӰ˳һȭͰѵˡ
ʱʥ
Ҷһ㵵ؿǰϤӰ
ԶվӡʥҲ¶Ծ֮ɫǶûʱʥͻȻһһȭ˵
Ǻܿ죬Ǿˡ
վԶʱʥǳһĨɬЦݣվһ̤ʥ硣
˻ʱʥʥˣ
һλʥˡ
ˣ½һλ½ʥˡ

ʥʥɺ׹ʥҲ𾪲ѣ̶Ľ
ʥĻ½۷塣


1631 
ʱʥΪʥˡ
˵վӵ𺳲ѣҶҲЩȣ֪ʱʥʥû뵽ô졣
Զĵ͸ûϵˡ
վҶǰʱʥЩŵ˵ʱʥӦýʱˣû뵽ȻҲ̤硣
ôȥˣ̤粻Ǻ𣿡ʱЦ
һʥɲʱۻﵽģҪǻۣԵС
½кܶʥʥָ
½ʥ¶ᳬʮλ
ʱճʥҪ̾磬ûҪΪһСϣ͸Ҷϡ
ĿɨʱҶһۣ˵
ʱǸˡѴ
ԺҪ𣬻ҪҶǳĻýϣؿҶıɱ
ҶҪҲҪ˵
ȻˣҲ⽫ʥ硣ԣһݣֲĺڰʱ٣Ƭء
ǵ磡
Ҷæǰʱ˵ǰҵֵסѹҿͷųýһ֮
ʱԵһЦˣֲƴûҪڴ˵ء
˵գʱʹҶĲˣ롣
ߣ
ЦһٿŵѷɫȥҪʱҶģƬضɽڰ֮С
Ȼٶж죬ʱ֮ľ룬ȴڲϵ
㾹ȻԿ֮ʱ䣡ͫһЩŵصʱ
֪ʱʱҲʥ˭ܲٿʱ䣿
ʱԱߵҶģҲǵɴ۾𺳡
ˣʱеʱ䲻ͬڲͬεʱڣٶٿ죬Ҳ޷׷ǡ
ʱǿ£Ҷ𺳣һĻܶһ仰
ռΪʱΪʣʱ޵С
෨֮УʱշΪǿΪء
ڣɱҶǳġʱ˫֣һЦ漴Ҷģ֮ľԽԽԶ
׷ʱŭŭһʱ֮Ҽ£ձصٴʱ֮
λʥǿߣҶģʧڻҵĿռ֮С
ԶվջĿ⣬ʥ˵ʱ⡭ѾȻȥˣҲȥɡ
ƺʱʱЩɬ
ͬһεǿߣˣѾ̤˸ߵĲΡ
Ժ˼ᵽʱʱ򣬶뵽ռʥÿվӺܱ
ԭС֪ʱԲŻһֱ򶨣ô˵վһ䣬ٴξҶǳ϶ͻƵؾ

۶
ʱҶģͬͥɢһ˳
ҶĿϤĵ۶æмлʱ֮
ʱ˰֣˵ؿҾ㣬ֻΪӦҵûɡ
ҶҲû⣬ѯʵʱ˵̤ʥ磬ȥ𣬲֪ʲôʱ
ʱʱҡҡͷ˵ҲŸո̤ʥ磬ҪһʱȹΪңһҪϵѰæϾҪɱһλʥ̫ˡ
˵꣬ʱҶ˵̤ȥˡ
ҶĿʱıӰȻһ
ԭëľźŷ۶ˣڵ
Ҷæ˹ȥ
ʱҶıëľźŷ
ëľźŷֻһڵ۶ۣûʲô˵ע⡣
ҶĵëľźŷʱӭЦ˵Сˣ㱾ġ㱾Ѿﵽʥ۷壬ԽЩﵽʥ۷徳硣
ëľźŷ˵գһŵݸҶġ
Ҷĸ̺֮ܵӴɵľ²Ѫ̵һλʥ
ڳ㣬㱾Ѿﵽʥ۷徳ˡëľźŷ˵
ҶţЦݵ˵ҲãҴﵽʥ۷֮󣬾ͲپڹʥˡʱҾͿ뿪۶ٱڵ۶ˡ
㱾ҲôģиҪ㡣ëľźŷ˵
ҶĲ˵꣬Ц֪ҰɰɣСʧٶ꣬ҲǺġ
ëľźŷЦ֪ͺãҾˡ
Ҷ򷵻ػʹ׼֮еʥ۷徳硣
ʱսһ¥ڹʥǿߣе
Ѫ̣ڹʥξǿ۽硣
Ҷǳɲ࣬Ҫɱң±Ӱɡ

ҶţȻһ¡
ʱڣ嶼ŵԲһһ
ҶĵΪҲڷɿӡ


1632 ֮
ʹĳڣҶĻңһɱ֮ǰӴڱš
ʥ۷壡
Ҷһȭͷ˷ܡ
Ӵʥڣʥ۷壬ʵ౶
ԭȣϻý磬Ҳֻܿһ¹ʥڵǿߡ
ڣý磬ܿʥڵǿߡ
ټϻýаտʥڵǿˡ
ʵڹʥϼһˡ
٣򲻹Ҳܹʱ뿪
ʱ˿̣۶ѾסˣҶĿʱ뿪
ֻҪûʥԸƾڹʥ޾塣
ȥȡıꡣ
ҶϢ뿪ǰʮ߻
վѾˣʮ߻õԪԵ÷ǳˣһĺ档
Ҷĵʮ߻æ˵ҪлҶˣҶ˵ˣΪĻýץԪŷǳ˳۵ҶҸеǳǸҸѾѪ̡

ҶЦȻǲΪѪ̿սġ
ҲֻǻãҲ׼
ϾֲǿߣģôΪѪֽء
ҶĶԴ˲⣬ҲֻһʱѪ̵ʥϡ
ڵ𣬻ʥĶ֡
ʱ£Ҳкô
֣̫ˣǸȡˡˣȡ񱨳ġҶ漴Ц˵
ʮ߻ʶˣҶҲûпֱ˵⡣
ʮ߻Ҳ⣬Ц˵վǶѾȡ걨ˣôѡѡʥѡվӰ֮ǲûǴ󣿡
ѡʥнĹʥ𣿡Ҷѯʵ
ϾҪ̤ʥˣʱﻹѪ̵Ĺʥ㹻ʥεķ
ֻǣʱ򣬹ʥͲˡ
ԣҶȻѡʥ
У͸ȥȡԵƬ̣ʮ߻Цŵ˵ͷҴҵ󣬴ʥȻȱٽĹʥ
£ʮ߻ӱһ뿪ˡ
ʱʮ߻ٴγ֣лһʮ׳Ŀʯϵķģ̺һɳɽصϢ
ҶΪĿһɨ֪ǰѽһʥ
Ȼʮ߻ӽܵ˽Ϊ֮һλعʥĹʥλعʥãõһЩؾ֮У
ʮ߻ӽеĴ֮ݸҶġ
ҶĽӹֻ֮о˵Ӷһ۾ɵһȵأ
ʮ߻Ц˵˴ؾĴ֮൱һ½Ȼء
ýҶĵ˵ͷĦеĴ֮гϲһ⡣
ʮ߻ЦҶͺãûµĻĳҪȱչˣʱдҶˡ
ҶЦҪԪ̤ʥ˰ɣȹϲˣһת۾Ҫ̤ʥˣĽ
Ҷ츳ˣҲ̤ʥġʮ߻ӴЦԵúܿģϾ̤ʥ磬Ƕľ簡
ңΪʥ֮Ҫ˶ãܼ̳ʵλá
ʵȨʱﵽ۷塣
ʮ߻һӵĸ߹ʱ̣еļ֪
ȻˣҶĳͲŰˣȰֽʥ֮ҶĳףءҶ漴ʮ߻ӵ
Ҷߣʮ߻ӵ˵ͷ漴ĿҶȥ

ʹڵĳУվӱ˫֣͸գҶȥıӰɫĿиһ˿졣
Ȼѡ˹ʥѵֲ֪õ󷨣Ҫһʥļֵö𣿡
ңֻҲõ󷨣ܱ֮ǡ
ѵ׼һӴڵ۶Զ֮𣿡

վгɻ
ΪҶĻѡȥ֮ǲûǴû뵽Ҷȴѡ˹ʥ
վӺƣٴҶ˱ڡ

ͬʱҶĻصԼĹϵ½磬Ϣ̵Ĵ˾ɽ֪Ĳ̵ӣ˵Ի֮ˡ
ҶľʹϢëľźŷԼļƻΪת汾
һУҶó֮ʼʥ
ˡ
֮һɳĴغϢʱ
ܵĿռ䶼ѹŤˡ
ڤڤ֮УҶķ·һӴ½أѹ궼ս
Ҷ֪Ǵ֮λ˵Ŀ顣
ʥɲģȡùʥϿɲС
ҶĶԴԤϣһĴ֮ռ֮ڡ
ˡ
֮ʱˣ·ǳ˷ܡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦκһ޷ܾռջ


1633 ӿ
ʥ档
ҶǳëźŷϢɵ΢΢һЦǰɷǡë˵ҶҪŪһ󶯾ˣӦһ¡
ǼһʲôԣҶҲ㣬뷨뷨С׼ʲôɵһʵ
ҶǳݸһЦ˵ҲûʲôټĲ̵ӣؽ̣ع֮ǡʱڹʥ϶ýչ¶һҵһʵ
Ҫֱɼȥڹʥˣ̹ս󣬾ԿԻɱë
̹սԽһҶǳߴʥ۷ʵȷлɱڹʥ
ȻҶǳȴҡͷʱ˱¶̫ƣҵѪ̻ṷǽ
ɷһͬ˵ĲʵܹؾҪأ޷Ѫ֮ǰǵע⡣
СҶĳȥʲôڵ۶ϻƲ
ҶǳЦⲻǷСӻûҵ˵滹вٲ̵ĵҲҪչˣҳʱ䲻չһʵʱڻԸǡ
ȻˣǼҲȥɣǶзңҪؽ̣ȻҲ٣һһʥȥɡ˵
ëæҪؽ̣ɲǡڶзҲš
ǼķʵЩ޷ץЩħʥˣʥȷš
ҶǳȻ֪˵ͷ˵ǺС˶һ߷ȥˣһӣûҪȥˡѩӡǣһ߷ȥܴҲûš
ѩӡЩս½ѣҶǳȻǣʹǡתһ
ЩҲ˾ž߷ǱʵޣǵķǴС
ãүȥţëӦһϾһ߷֪ͨЩˡ
ɷЦ˵СҪͷˣҿʱ½ʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦӴʥڣһӽʥ۷壬ô᲻𺳣
ҲãҶİ˵ĿⶼˣǾûע⵽ʥˡ
ֻҪٹһʱ䣬һ̤ʥ硣
ʱֻҪȥĴ̵ϳ֮󣬱ƾ̤㡣

۶ʹ
Ҷ˴֮󣬱뿪ʹǰ۶Ĵ㳡
ڵ۶Ҷľһв֪ж˫۾ڹע
Ҷǰ㳡йעˣ׷¶𾪺Ͳ˼Ŀ⡣
ΪԴѪ̽ѪҶǳ֮˶ףֻҪҶǳһ뿪۶ܵЩʥǿߵ׷ɱ
£Ҷǳ뿪۶
ȹΪʱüͷҶĵҶСѣϾȰʱǲҪ뿪۶Ϊ
ĹҶǳֻûб֮ǰҶǳ
ʱĴҶһŵЦǰģֲǰ׳գһûлء
ʱգûټ˵
ڹעҶģֻҪڣû˿ɱҶġ
УվҲ͸ռ䣬Ҷǰ㳡¶ɻ֮ɫСҪʲôѵΪԼܹʥ𣿡
˼Ҫˡʥ͸һ澵ӣЦؿʾĴ㳡
ʥҲڰעҶģ°ͣ˼Сദһʱ䣬ӦòɵôͻȻѡ뿪۶
ɺ׹ʥҲڹעҶģƬ̣漴һڵ۶Ĵ㳡
ҶĿͻȻķɺ׹ʥɵһ㶣漴ʵɺ״Ҳ׼뿪۶𣿡
ɺ׹ʥ΢΢Цѵˣҿ˵ˣҪһڹʥһ٣һôٵң
ҶȻΪɺ׹ʥֻϷԣϾʥʥĻ죬ύ
ɺ׹ʥĵ
Ҷ޷⣬ϾԷɺ׹ʥľ磬ҪʲôˣʵǺѡ
ҶҲ⣬΢΢ЦȻɺ״ԸæСлˡ
˵̫ˣҲֻܰ㵲סʥһˣҾãһο²ֻʥһ˶֡ɺ׹ʥ˰֣ɫѵ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһŵ˵ɺ״ģȻȥʱʥǽҰɣɺ״ѹ󼴿ɡ
ҲУֻܰ㵲סһˣʣµľͿԼˡɺ׹ʥ˵ͷ
ҶһĵӣƿЦСʲôƣжʱЩ档
˵ʧڴ㳡
һ̣һǿӰҲʧڵ۶
Ȼôĳ棬ûԸ
Ҹ棬Ҷĵʲôơ


1634 ع
л磬Ϣݵķǳ졣
ԶڵʥڵһʱõϢ֪ҶҪ뿪۶ˡ
еӳ𣿵ҪʲôʥϢʱһʧԭء
ȻµҶǳ뿪۶϶ʲôơ
ϾҶǳֲǰ׳գ֪Σգ뿪
ںͲѾУҶǳʲôƣʥҪȥһˡ
ҶǳǱ̫ˣȻ˫ѾˣôֻҪһ˿ɱʥ
οѪ̽ǰʥҲǳĶ
ʵϣʥһĶ
۹ĹʥǳĶ
ڵ֪Ҷǳ뿪۶Ϣ֮һĹʥӱչ֮ʧˡ
ǵĿ꣬ʣȻҶǳ

Ѫ̡
ѪŶĵйâһ˵ҲյϢˡ
Сڸ뿪۶ˡ˵ͷ
ҲˣϢȻһʱ͵֪ˡ
ѪСӲǱȻ뿪۶϶ʲôơΣⶼһλᡣ
Ѫ̵Ĺʥѽҡͷ
ʥǿߣƻ̫ǿˡ
αĹʥԼľڡ
ȻҲȫֹֻЩ鷳ˡ
ĹʥҪڣҪǰ룬һΪǷ룬ܵĹ
ʥ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ϴѪ۶ҲֻͶӰˡ
ʥ֣
Ѫʵ˵ʥҲ֣ϾҶǳѾˡҵһʥ᲻
İɣôӦûбĹʥֵġЦ
ѪܾòôɣϴԳ֣δܽնɱɼСŨ񣬲ôײġ
ҡͷϴʱ֣˭뵽Ȼ̤ʥ磬ҲСһֱȥ
ϣ˰ɣѾвڳЦѪˣ෬֣һʥСһﶼˣλʥѪ̳ĳ衣Ѫɫޱȡ
ɱ䣬˵ȻˣһɣΪһСһֱӿսġ
УѪҡͷһ̤ǾǶƣǲưոݵġͺñʥѪ̣ǻŹ𣿡
εʼ磬ȻѪ̲֣ܳǾֻˣϣλʥһЩ
Ѫ˼Ƭ̣漴˵ֻܼˣԭһ
ôֵۣ𣿡̾
ѪѾСˣĻýֵǺķ˴Ĵ𣿡
ֵãǻýܹһʵҪǸʥսʱͻȻһʵǼֱ󡣡иһĨɵ
Ѫ˵ͷ˵ˣԴӱԲǵжƿء
ΪȻ

֮ǡ
Ҷĺͷɺ׹ʥ뽵١
վڸ߿УҶĸ֮ǣǿһɨʱ֮ǵָơ
˾ųɵ˿ڣ
ĳǳأѾͨСǳˡ
ҶЩп˵
һԵķɺ׹ʥЦ˵Щ˿ǲ̱ڴܣȻ뿪ʲôʱԽʥʱȻ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
һǿΪ硣
ǿǶӵ㡣
ǶԶ㡣
ɺ״㣬ҪȲһ󣬴ţæԵֵƬ̡Ҷ漴˵
ɺ׹ʥЦ˵û⡣
˵꣬һµĵף׶ʱ𣬻һֻ;޴ĵף˫չڱ֮ǡ
ɺ׹ʥվھ޴ĵױϣضķ
֮ڣ߶׷̧ͷؿյľ޴󵤶ס
Ƿɺ׹ʥǵףǹʥǿߣǵϢ̫ǿˣ·ѡ
Ҷļ״ʱϯȥ֮Ǹǣ˷ɺ׹ʥǵϢ
ҶľͿʼ
ͬʱ֮ǵĴ㳡ϣһɢҫ貵Ĺâ
ҺֻëӴ߳һǺ
˶һӣæ룬װŲʶ
СҲЦŴӴڳ
̵ĵǣǣһϤӰ˷֮ǡ
ֱĲ̣ٴ֮ǻһá
Ҷһ߲ûǴһ߿½عĲ̵ӣаԣӽûܹǲ뿪֮ǣҾ


1635 
ë֮󣬰Ҷһ֣ٶȼӿ˲١
ܿ죬һǴͲóɹˣ󷨵Ĺâ֮Ƕ档
Ǵ˵֮ԭĻǴ棬ëЩŬ󷨵Ľ
Ȼԭǿ˺ܶࡣ
ɵĻǴëһŵضҶ˵ڵʵ󣬱үõסʥ۷ǿ߶⡣
ʥ۷壿㹻ˣҶص˵ͷ
һĹʥҲǹʥ۷塣
Խʥ۷ıֻпվһ
ܣ
ǹʥ۷ģһ
Ͼô˵ҲĿ䣬˶֣Ҫе˼ɡ
ˣ
Ȼ֮Ͽյķɺ׹ʥһĿ⴩͸գδ֪Զ
ҶĵǿޱȣҲڵһʱӦ˶ǿϢ
£ë˻֣漴֮Ͽգɺ׹ʥ
ɺ״㣬ܹӦ˭𣿡Ҷѯʵֻͨʶеʥսʥˡ
ĹʥЩİˡ
ɺ׹ʥԣɫص˵ʥ˵λʥˣλɢ޹ʥ
Ȼλɢ޹ʥҶԣЩޱȡ
ɺ׹ʥЦ˵½֪ڶ£мɢ޹ʥû˵Ϊ˹ʥ磬϶ڱչйʥߵġҲڵЩ꣬òٹʥ
ҶЩô˵һһԸʥЩϼһﶼ׷ɱģ޲Щϼһﶼһֱչȥ
ҶĿԶ
¡¡
ǰѿһռѷֻ֣ǻҵĿռ籩֮УһϢΰӰ¶ɢųѹ
ضƺڴ˿ˣʱռ·˽ֹ
ƶҲƮ
ؼ䣬ֻʣԶһڲ֮µΰӰɢŰơ
ʮλʥһ֣Ե÷ǳ𺳡
ɺ׹ʥҵҶǳСΪθ뿪۶ԭű㡣
ʮλʥ֮У߳һˣʥ
ʥ̤նҶǳԱߵķɺ׹ʥɫصɺ׹ʥ֪СӲʶֺα
ڷɺ׹ʥʥǳɵ
ʵϣڳĹʥܼɵɺ׹ʥ
Ϊɺ׹ʥǿ󣬶ﵤףҲһʥޡ
һһ֣ܶԿʥ۷弶ǿڡ
û뵽ӾȻҵ˷ɺ׹ʥ֣ò˵˻Ũ񡣡
ԶսʥԶԶߣӡ
ΪСҶǳƺʼƽƽˡ
վڷɺ׹ʥǿߣҶǳԵô򶨡
ʮλ̬ĪĹʥҶǳ۾ûգһ£һֱ򶨡
һ¶ӵǿĵ
սʥип
ʥôͻһС֣Ҳߵû𣿡
Զɺ׹ʥһؿʥڱĵ
ʥѪ̶ʥԸӣһʥԸʲôԣ񣬷½˭СҶǳ
ҶЦû뵽ҵѾôˣʥʼɵˣҶĳұ
Ҷǳ㲻Ҫκεϣ뿪۶ڡ¸㣬ڸղţѪѾ͸һҪȻΪλʥϷ𣿡ʥ˵
ҶɫѪǴֱʣҼסˣԺһúûѪѪ̡
죬˵Ҳ٣ʥһЦ
ҶԳʥ˹ָһʥ㲻ǺɱУҾ͸һᣬҵһΣǷɱҡ
Сӣ̶ȣûҪŪ顣ˣŪƤӣֻС㡣ʥ䶢ҶģŲҶĻ
ҶЦɺ״㣬鷳ԱȥȻĳ˲ҡ
û⣿ɺ׹ʥЩɵشʵ
ҶĸһŵЦ˵İɣһʥҵ־ѹ
治ԶʥҶĴԲѵĻһڣɱڣǷɺ׹ʥҶߣ̲סһĹȥˡ
ĿضҶģʥһһ䣬ҧгݵ˵ҶǳȻҾͳȫ㡣
Ҷĳٶȹ˹ָһмϹɣҽףٶ꣬ʼնǷڵĻ½Ѿŵʱˡ
ݺ½£ɱţĻҪöࡣʥɺ׹ʥȥʱһҶɱ
Ѿ̲סˡ
ʥһŭѪա
ض·ʥķŭȾˡ
֮ڵߣлǴ󱣻˿̶ܵһϢѹ


1636 ʲôţ
ʥʵ£ҶȻ֮ǰû̹Ѿӱõ˱ʥսӰ͸Լʥսһ
ԣʥֵһ˲䣬Ҷıʩչ˻ý硣
¡
ƴĻý磬һ޴˲ƾճ֣ʥҶ档
ʥ׼ҲûκôýĽ٣˿ֹ
ʥֻؿŻý罵٣ǿֲĻþ˲Ͱȥķܴ
ȻʱʥʵѾ˰˳ɣ
ǿµÿμʶҪɱľġ
ʥǰҶģԼĹʥҶĵͷ
䣡ǿϯնڲƴ
ʥĹʥԽԽҪſأǹɿٵصĻֱ֮Ҷ˸ɡ
ԶսĹʥǶ¶֮ɫ
ȻҲû뵽ʥһ֣ȫԸ
ɴ˿ɼʥûСҶǳСӡ
ЩСˣʵý˰˾ųɣҲɿԷӳʥڣӽʥڵʵԸһʥ׾٣
Զһλչض꣬ϤҶǳɢ޹ʥҡͷ
Աһλ֪ҶǳĹʥЦϼһǱչر̫ˣҶǳɲ򵥣㲻ûý磬սӽʥڣټϻýʥڵǿҲκβ
ڵ˶ô𣿡ǰλ˵ɢ޹ʥʱ¶֮ɫ
ڴʱһǿϢӲԶսĵط
һ˲䣬ڳйʥĿ⣬˹ȥ
һ̣һ˫˫۾ɵϴһ𾪺Ͳ˼顣
¡¡
֮УҶĳ׷ſԼΪǴﵽʥ۷ǿϢʱǵһϯ˷
ʥ֪ΪʲôᱻΪΪʱʱ̶̿ڽ㣬ǧ궼Դ
ҶĴһи߾ŵĴ֮ʱչֳµռǰһ¡

ռ˲顣
ƬضƱҶһնˡ
貵ĽâһƵֹɫӣᴩģ֮ϱڲϢ
ʥĹʥռһɢ
Ҷֳִ֮ɱʥ
貵ĽâƵʥˣĹʥڵֵ֮ʱһ
ʥ۷壡
ʥͫ𾪡
˿ҶĵΪǰ׳ˡ
ֻ벻ףŹȥꣿСô̤˴ʥ۷徳磿
ʲôʱһٶȸˣ
ԶЩսĹʥǣҲһ
ʥ۷壬ѹеսʥ
츳ڴʥ۷徳磬ܿʥˣټϻýĸʥκβ
˵ô뿪۶ԭĵڡ
Źȥһɣôô죿

սĹʥǣ𾪺ɻ֮С
ҶĵʵɻҶΪΪô졣
ɺ׹ʥǴһ
Ǽǵú֮ǰҶһʱҶĲŴʥڡ
ôżȥҶľʹﵽ˴ʥ۷壿
ѵ֮ǰҶΪ
ԣʱʱ͵ڣҶΪῴ͸
֮ɺ׹ʥһͷˮ
СӣǶС㣬ѹеӸ뿪۶ɺ׹ʥۿǰսǳһĨ΢Ц
ڻýѹ£Ҷֳִ֮߶ռѹʥ
ԭʥ۷ΪӦôǿս
ҶĵĴʥ۷ͱ˵Ĵʥ۷岻ͬǻ壬ͬʥǿ߻ҪǿһЩ
ټռʹҶĵʵٶһΡ
ٿʥڱý֮󣬱ֻʣ¹ʥڵʵȻҶĵĶ֡
ֻ֮ĲಢҶҲֻǿռϷ磬Ҫʥѣ˵ɱˡ
ҶѾˣְܹѵ׷ɱԼʥĻͷǼֱҪ̫ʹˡ
ֻǣʥ˵һĳˡ
Ҷǣ
ʥҧгݣһڹʥ棬һСǱˣʵ̫裬̫ˡ
ԺͻΪҶǳ̤ʯΪҶǳ½ıǽ
һҲҶǳˣǱؽʥ棬н͵Ļᡣ
Ǵ˵ؿɲʥ棬λʥƤ£ڵûκ׵Ŀܡ
ҶĵʵѾԽλϵĹʥ
Ǳ
ʥеѪùʥ£ȻһСԽˡ
⡭һϵĸо


1637 
˿̣˵ʥˣԶսļλʥʥ³һı顣
ǶЩűҵʥǶоԼѾˡ
ڳĹʥսʥɺ׹ʥȼˣ˭űʥǿ
ʥ³ȥҲ
ҶǳŶ
ҪڹһЩ꣬һϣ¶вҶǳˡ
ɲڿЦ
ǻɱˣһڹʥһӵϣܸվǵȳʥһˡ
Ҷǳлý磬ڻý£ˣǱɨĻ
½һţȻ鴫
ڳйʥ
һսҲŻ磬½
ͨ磬עһսĽ
֪Ҷѹʥʱ򣬸ˡ
磬һʱ䣬һƬȻ

۶
ʱ˫տտ͸գ֮Ͽյս¶֮ɫ
ӵôͻƵô죿
ʱɻ
һ̣˿վǸ뷨ҶǳǲпͻƵؾ
ʵҶǳΪ̫ˡ
Ŷã
Ҷǳ۶ҲҲһٶɡ
ʹӴʥڣ׵˴ʥ۷塣
һҲ̫˰ɡ
ʱǳʥˣҲûжվ;
ʥ֮Ͳ߽ݾͿԵˡ
ʥ֮Ͼˡ
·ֻܿԼߡ
Ϊÿһ񣬶ǲͬġ
ûͬһ·ġ

ͬڵ۶
վȻҲڹע֮ǱߵĶҶĵʵ֮йâʱ
ȻΪٴαˡ
ûжɹʥںͺڣֱӽ˴ʥ۷塣
ûؾôܣ
վк˸
ΪһΣҶƭ
ΪҶ֪ʱԲűֵĴ򶨡
վӣʥսҶģ˼Ī

Ѫܲ
Ѫ͵ڵõϢ󣬶ͨһۿҶĺʥս
žڣʥĽڽڰ˵Ҷģжޱȡ
ǿʥĹʥɲʲô½Ĺʥ
ڶʥУʥǺպĴڣҪ̤ʥ۷ˡ
ڣλѾõĹʥȴҶĳ̤ʯ
붼˱
ӵĽٶ̫ˣֻ벽̤ʥˡ
Ѫɫһﵽ˹ʥ磬ټϻýĸʥҪɱˡңĽٶô죬һﵽʥ֮ҲֽٶȣͻΪѪ̵ĸ󻼡
ܰɣ
Դһ漴ҡͷʥɲǴʥܹģһôڹʥ绹ӵôٶȡ
ڳˣСΪ˱ǽɱڴʥ磬Բ̤ʥ硣Ѫɱ˵
̾ص˵ͷ˵ȷҪϧˣ˴ӣѪҲͺˡ
ѪĬ֪Ҷǳռ֮ѡ˷Ͼ˭뵽Ҷǳһô졣
ңҶǳ˻ý硣
֪ҶǳԺĳɾͣ»Ϊͷ
ϧǧ֪
Ѫ˵ٶ඼ûãȻѾˣǾΪʷһ貵ɡ
֪ţȻֻлţɱΪǿߡ
ȥţֻܻʷУż

½أ߶ΪҶĵʵ̾
һ죬עҶǳҫʱ̡
ͬʱߵʥΪҶǳıǽ̤ʯ
֮ǡ
ʥŭȫ߶ʥһߵֵҶĵĹһ߳ŲԶĹʥǻѪǲĶҿԱֻ֤ҪѪҷֺȡ
ʥĻԶļλʥЩĶ
ɺ׹ʥһǰһڼλʥǰ˵Ҫִսȹһء
λʥͫһɺ׹ʥʵǺܼɵ
ڳĹʥҲֻսʥܹɺ׹ʥ
սʥѣ˭Ҳ֪Ƿ֡
սʥҾͲ᲻ģѪѾ˵ˣԭһҲǲǧꡣ
ʥԶսʥȵʥ۷ʵǧ꣬л̤ʥ硣
ҶĿƽؿԶսʥ
սʥ˫֣˵磬ҴˣսʥںͲѣҪ֣ҲǶԸ㡣ҶҪҳ֣
ҶĵЦսʥǰѹ󼴿ɣʥһϼһһûз
ʥԼֱѪ
ϼһ
Զļλʥԣһͬؿʥ
䡭
ڴʱȻһֻ޴Ƴŷɺ׹ʥѹǿϢⷽضս


1638 ͷ
̫ͻȻˣսʥԸֵ£Ȼ˳ˣĿ껹Ƿɺ׹ʥ
ֻ޴ƣô󣬾գ񷣬ҪƬضġ
ɺ׹ʥޱȾŭʥӭϣµĵҲȥ
ֻ޴̫ˣһӾͰѷɺ׹ʥץģȻƿնȥ
˭еӶҳ֣ȴû¶𣿡ɺ׹ʥŭȵȫֿȴѲ˾޴ơ
ԷʵԱҪǿ󣬹Ǵﵽ˹ʥ۷徳磡
ɺ׹ʥ˼ѪӦˣֻҪס㣬Ҳһǧ꣬㻹ʱ뿪һ˰ɡƵ˴Ц
˲û¶ΣȻ˼ɣֱôͨ㽫ɺ׹ʥˡ
Զսʥһһλʥ۷ǿߣ
Բûиеκ⣬Էɺ׹ʥǿʵҲֻйʥ۷ǿ֣߳ܽɺ׹ʥߡ
ҶüͷܿͲˣΪŷɺ׹ʥʵв۷ʥҲԱˡ
οɺ׹ʥĿ䣬˭û¶Ը
ԸҶǳͽ𣬶Ըɺ׹ʥǾʹֺˡ
ֻҶɻǣλ۷ʥ˭
֮ǰɺ׹ʥѾ˵ˣĹʥˣʣµģĿĹʥˡ
Ĺʥ֣ܶǾֻʣЩˡ
Щ䲻϶ֻ֣ݡ
Ҷ֪˭ر˳
Ҷǳڵˣ
ʥɺ׹ʥץߣɵһ£漴͸
û˷ɺ׹ʥԶЩʥθĶ˰ɣ
ʥЩʥȵλǻڵʲôڿǻɱ͵ʱ壬ûǸˣʧʧ
Ҷһһ߼ʥһĿɨԶĹʥǣ¶֮ɫ
ԶǼʥ˿̶Ҷģһйâ˸ȻǶʥĻЩĶˡ
ϾѪͳͶܴ
磬ΪԴҲֻвٴΪ
ǵһβһΪ
ȻΪʥɺ׹ʥЩǿߣΪβңڣȴĴڵ۶ʵĵǲ
Ϊ˲Ϊ
Ŀ䣬Ҳģкܶʥû
ΣѪ;͸ǿ˻ᣬôǲĶ
ԶһʥҶģȻǶĶǻþãı㣬˭ҲԸ⵱ͷ
ϾҶǳֻһˣ͵Ҳֻһˣʱһȴ˼¡
ҶɨЩʥһۣЦѣĵں֮Ҳɱ
Ѫעǹһˣ
λֻһΣ˽죬ҪҵᣬǾͺˡ
ʥ˳ٳٲ֣ҲЩˣɫشߴٵ
˵ѪͽѾҪˣҶǳǱô󣬽ٶô죬ֻʣ¿־ˡ
Ŷã
Ҷľѹˡ
ٹһʱ䣬Ҷ̤˹ʥ磬Ǿֱӽɱˣ
ʥǳһ㣬֪ԼѾҶǳˣ˫ѾûлĿܡ
һҶǳ𣬱ڣڵĸ֮ʱ
Ҷǳϳ۹֮ʱҶǳģҪһڡ
ʥһֱûһ㡣
ڣҶչֳǿʵоһԽԽˡ
Ҳòһ꣬ھΣˡ
ʥǳżһҪҶǳõĻᡣ
ĻûʥæƾһˣѾҶǳĶˣôնɱ
λҵô꣬£Ϊʲô
ʥԶǼʥȰ˵Ϊı̤ʥ磬̤񾳽硣ڻǰǴˣɲҪٺˡ
ò˵ʥȰ˵á
ЩµĹʥΪѾﵽޣڽ
վǿߣΪʱ䱻ڹʥ磬޷ͻƵʥ磬Ӷ;
οЩͨĹʥˣǵΪѣĴһλᣬǵȷпܻڡ
ʱмʥɱضҶĿȥ
ҲգλѼȻԸͷǾñȳְɣ
Σһĵ
һ̣һλʥ̤նǿϢʥճҶĺ
Ҷ׼һŴ֮ʥɣһֻռȭӡŴӭ


1639 Χƴ
ֹҶĵĹʥһλɫۣɢų޳Щʵӡ
ܹʥ㡭ԶսʥλȻֵĹʥǿߣʱ¶֮ɫ
ʥλʥλܹʥ֮һڡ
ڵʥ˻ϣҶҲԶԶؿλܹʥһֻۣǵʱʥսʥʥ⣬Ĺʥܵ͵ûпڶԣҶĶǲϤ
ӸղŵһλܹʥʵԲʥǹʥڣûн
ܹʥʵʥ͸鷳Ժڣ
Ҷһȭܹʥ˵
ܹʥҶĵ˵죬汻ҲʹȻ
ЦҶĲмؿܹʥһۣùʥȻ
ܹʥٿŹʥݺݵغҶģ˵ʱҲУռ֮ע޷Ϊѵ㻹񣿱ƼѪ̣óɱ׾١ԣδѾע첻ҲᱻѪɱ
ҶмֻǶųԣҴûռ֮ҵƣҲ񣬻ҪΪռ֮ס̫ۣȻҲסҡ
ƾҲȼ絶ۣܹʥЦһȫ߶ʥʥһɱҶġ
䣡
˽սĵطռ䶼ȥ¶һڶ
ϧֺڶλʥǿǰܿͱݻˡ
֮УһĿռ䱻ˡ
սನϯأ֮Ƕڲ
ǸԶټë֮ǵĻǴűס֮ǡ
λǻ𣿴ʵǿҲֻǴʥ۷壬ɱΨһᣬǵ̤ʥ磬ҵȾͲɱˡ
ʥܹʥ֣κβҶģʱٶȳԶļλʥȵ
ǼλʥĿ˸нЩĶˡ
һ̣Ӱͬʱ˳ȥʥҶĺɱ
ڣӹʥ
ˮڣˮӣ
ڣʥ
սʥ˳֣ҶĴҶҪϷ𣿡
ҶĵЦˣսʥǰܿţλʥһûз

սʥƤһǲ鶯¡
С
ʲôʱʥСˣ
СģǺüλʥ֡
䣡
λʥ뵽ʥܹʥһʥΧҶһˣ漫产ˡ
ʣ¼λսĹʥ¶֮ɫ
ʥΧһʥĺСӣǻǵһ
µУҲûгֹ¡
ʵҶʥ̫ǿˡ
ҶĲǿƾŻýĿֲʵӽ۷ʥˡ
ʥܹʥʥˮڡӹʥҶĵĻýȫ˰˾ųɵս
ʣһֻ֣ǿҶĴƽ֡
˫˽ֽ׶Σ˭Ҳκβ˭
ֽʥʥУȴĪĳ衣
ʥΧһʥĺСӣȻռϷ磬ⲻǳʲô
ʥλʵˣҵȱȫ֣֮ҵȶҪΪСӵ̤ʯΪµıǽ
˵գʥϢøǿˣʵʥʤһ޽ӽ۷ʥ
֮죡
ʥһ
˫ӡ޾Ľ⼤ǰ֮У۳һӲӵġ䡯֡
䡯ɢſֲܣҶѹ
ҶĶʱеͬһɽһ㱻ѹſ¶ڲ궼ս
ǿ
Ҷ𾪣æȫ߶ռеĴ֮ڣʥǰδеǿܡ
䣡
֮ռ䣬նأ貵Ľâ涼˺ѳ롣
ҵĽâպݺݵײǸ䡯档
ʱ
¡¡
ֲĴըӿˡ
Ҷɫһ䣬æѸٺˡ
ʥҲȻɫ䣬׷׺ˡ
Ӵݺײһֲ̫ˣǼȫɳȥ
ҶڣѪɳȥ
Ҷǳɣ
ʥϢȻǿޱȣղŵʥһǿ
¶ðŷڵѪڵѪҺȼǳֲ
ȼѪһ
ʥһȫ߶ԼĹʥһ貵磬ᴩز񷣬ԶҶġ
ϼһҪƴˣ
Ҷһɫ䣬붼ûģѸ½֮ǵĻǴڡ


1640 ֮
ʥȼվѪƴҶȻӲӲ֮ǵĻǴڡ
ǰǸʥڱʥΧȻûҪӭսˡ
ǴڣҶĶʱǿˣ󷨣ٿǿʥȥ
󷨷ĳɾͣ
ҶĴһȫ߶ֲ֮˷۶γһ貵磬ӭʥᴩ
ʥҺһɳȥɫҰ׵صŻǴڵҶģŭб³һսʲôǿߡ
ʵ̫ŭˣƴȼվѪһû˵ҶģҶ󷨺Ѫ
ʥղŵȫһһԵеĻͷβеܶˡ
Ҫ֪Զмλʥڿء
ҶϲΧһȻ̸ǿ߷緶
ʥʱһ죬ˣʥء
ʥΧҶӭУҲġ
οҶıϾֻһλʥ
磬ϻˣҵ֣һ󣡡ʥ̤ն֮ڵҶģ˵
ȻѾˣ͸Ҷǳ˺ˣʥһҶǳնɱҲ˯ȵġ
ҶĶڻǴУңңʥ˵ʥҳΪʥڵĩա
ʥЩɵλʥ֮Уʥʥʵǿﵽ˹ʥ۷壬ʥ۷Ҳֻа벽֮ң
ƴ֮ʱܶݵ̤ʥ۷塣
ãĻý㹻ãǶ˵ʵࡣ
ҶǳҶ֮ϣѾڹʥںܾˣΪͻƣֻƴһˡҶҲ޻˵ʥҶģɫĮ˵
ҶһЩʥһ˽ΪԼΪͻƣɵ
ְɣս󣡡ܹʥȵ
λʥվһĳսλվ˶ʱ񱻽ɫ֣貵⡣
һ޴󷨣֮ǵĻǴ󣬺ݺݵײ
ˡ
֮ǵĻǴʱȵػס֮ǣֵסλʥս֮
ô£
ܹʥɫЩ˼һСӵôߵΪѵĸָõģ
ܣʥ˵һֱ˼֮ǣǰ֮ǻûлǴֱǰ뿪۶ͷɺ׹ʥһ֮ǣʱġ
ô˵󷨺пǷɺ׹ʥõģʥüƺû˵ɺ׹ʥͨ󷨰ɡ
Ҳҿ϶Ͼɺ׹ʥô꣬˭֪Ƿо󷨡
ʥ̫ˣдѵʱ䣬һʱо󷨣ҲǺġ
ԣÿһλʥһλ󷨸֡
ΣҵȽնƵ󣬻ɱӡԵڵĵӹʥ˵
λʥ˵ͷǼȻѾˣǾͱҪɹ
򣬵ȵҶ̤ʥ磬Ǳѩ
ʥǰ˵ûΨһɱҶǳĻᣬ˽գɱҶǳˡ
Ͼ֯־ѣƾһˣ֮ǵĻǴƲ
λǻֻҪˣǾһնɱӣĻᡣ
ʥһ߼֮ǵĻǴһ߶Զļλʥ
ԶλʥʥĻһĶĿ˸
Ŀǰλʥ֮ûжʥ֣ΪǻҶĵľʵǱҶıֳʵסˡ
ûջɱҶģԺܵҶĵı𡣴⣬ǵԼƴҶսȴΪ˼¡
ԣ⼸λʵƫ͵Ĺʥһֱԥ֮УǲһεĻԵҲԼ
սʥ㵽վһߣ
Уйʥѯսʥ
ڳļλʥ֮Уսʥʵǿʥʥǿ
սʥ֣ôпܻɱҶǳսʥҶǳôҲٻɱҶǳˡ
һԸıսֵĹؼ
ʥҲҪ𣿡սʥĿתԶһλʥ
ߴ۷ʥ֮УĿǰҲֻλʥûгˡ
սʥֻɱӣǵĻ϶󣬵ʱ˭ɹƽѪͣΣʥ
սʥ˵ҺͲѣҪֱ֣ܳˣֻҪҶҰæҲΪС
ǺǣˣαֻҡǲҪȵٳ֣ҪȡҶǳΣϧϴε飬ѾˡʥһЦ
սʥŲԶǴеҶģЩӡ


1641 ˵Ŀվ
֮УҶƾŻǴƣʥʥλʥ˽ֽ׶Ρ
ҶĲܳʥǣʥҲ޷
£ԶλսĹʥΪıƵĹؼ
УʵǿսʥҪ
λʥ˿̶սʥвдսʥ
ʥҲսʥʵǿֵĻѪͱؽ㡣
Ŷǹһ񣿡սʥЦ
ʥڶѾû뷨ˣʵٶ̫ˣֻϣҲܰȡ
ǺǣҲ֪ʵ죬ҪһɱʱùıˡսʥЦ
ʥߴƣսʥѵһСӣѾǹʥ۷壬ܹõѪͣѪ̲ǧꡣʱ㲻̤ʥ磬ҲܹﵽռʥǵȲΣõżɵӣ
սʥûмػ
ʥҧҧ˵սʥ֣ܴͬ˷ʤΣԺʥ˶֧㡣
սʥԣйâһ
ʥĶֱʥʥ
һʥվߣôֻʣһʥҲͲһˡ
ʱʥˣͻᱻС
ʱͲһ۷ʥصͳߣʮʥصȨߡ
ʱĴ̡ˣҲҪ֮
ңȵ½ʥ˻ʱĵλҲһ¥
ò˵ʥ仰ջ̫ˡ
ңʥƺ˵ʥλǰսʥŸɵĹʥ˿Ҳսʥ˵սʥѪǲǧֻ꣬Ҫ³֮꣬ұԺʥ˻֧֮㡣⣬֣һǣסˣԲɱҶǳĻᡣ
ò˵ʥʥȰ˵սʥ־Щҡˡ
ŲԶ֮ǻǴǿ֧ŵҶģսʥĿ˸ϣЩĶˡ
֣
ǲ֣
սʥͷҽš
֪Լһѡ񣬽غһһѡˣôҡ

ͬʱ֮ǵĻǴУҶҲһλǿߵĴ
ϤһӾϳˡ
ǿվӣ
λռʥԶڵ۶ܽشҶĵĶУͨ硣
ɴ˿ɼʵжô¡
ҶǳҪҰæֻҪңΪʲôͻƵô죬ʲôؾұְ㡣
վӼ˵ңһֻ֤ҪԺû˿ɱ㣬ʥС
Ҷ֪վӲ˵󻰣Էȷʵ
վֻǴһˣʥס
һվӶаմҶġ
ֻʱվΪ˱ҶģŹװű׷ϵġ
Ϊռһϵľǿߣվܸ·棬ǾѾﵽ۷塣
ֻǿվӵҪҶĿЦѡ
Ҷ۰
һԽʥ۷ĴڣúñչأѰͻƵĻԵȻ˼һССĴʥϣó
Ҷǳúÿһ°ɣ㲻ԶλսʥƺЩĶˡվ˵
Ҷ͸󷨣֮ǲԶսʥ
һξˣϾսʥҲǣסһλʥֻ˵սʥûгȫҲ㲻ô
Ͼǽˣ˼ҲûҪΪȫ
һΣսʥҪֵĻǾǳ˺ˡ
ʱкԪĹϵڣҶĶŹսʥ
ҶǳֻҪսʥ֣ԱߵļλʥҲ֡ʱ󷨿¾Ҫ֧Ųסˡ
վӼ˵ؾɣұ֤ȥ
Ҷԣʱһۡ
Ѿû갡
ӹʥ۷ͻƵʥؾ
һȥ
Ҳʱ
ʱƶеˡ
Ҷһѣվʵ̫ˣɴ಻ᡣ
Ҷǳ϶ڴʱ־ɣ֪ʱԼӲ
վ˵ɵЦ»֪ѪѾѺܴۣ붯һλʥȻ֣ȴסʱʱû㡣
˭Ҷһдź⡣
ڣȻҲʥ˶⡣
ȻԷֻǮ£֡
Ҷǳĵˡ
Ҳ֪
վҡͷղʱҴˣ˵һʥϢԷݣ־ͺ֪ݡԣʱңڹؼʱ̾㡣
ʱûʸһ᲻㣬ȡңʱ
Ҷǳÿ

վӳ˵
ҲڴʱԶսʥˡ
ҶĶʱ˫ĿâգԶսʥ


1642 һ
֮ǲԶսʥһ̤˫ǰ֮ǣйâңƺ¶ĳ־ġ
֮ڣҶɫĮؿսʥ
սʥξѾ׼
УվӵҶǳ˰ɣ㿼Ǻ𣿡
Ҷĵ˵վӣ㽫ͻʥϣһʥϣò˵ʱ̫ԶˣΪеʱ
˵ĿվӣҶѾٸˣıϾҪʥˣʱҲپվӡ
۶
վҶĵĻʱһɫ˲
Ȳʱ
ûʸʱ
Ѿܾû˸ô˵ˣҶԷһʥС
һԽʥ۷ǿڣȻ䵽һСĵز
վҧһҶǳϣס졣Ȼǰ㻹졣
˵գҶĴ͸գۿ֮ǵս

֮ǡ
ҶһûվӵĻɫƽؿŲԶԽԽսʥйâ˸
սʥھ
ȻˣǾͱҲˡ
Ҷ۾ﺮ˸
ͬʱΧ֮ǻǴʥǼ״һˡ
սʥѡǵġʥЦ
һ󷨣ʱ˭ɱҶǳͿǸԵıˡʥ˵
ʵѾսʥᡣ
ʥ֪һ㣬ǿսʥҲ׼ˣʱףһҶǳˡ
£һʥ˷
Ƿ׷׶ҶģϣԼܹɱҶģӶѪ͡
·ҶĵѾעһ
սʥĳ֣ⳡսȷǿԽˡ
ϾսʥŹʥ۷ǿʵҶĺʥǽֵʱսԸı䳡оơ
ֻսʥ׼
һ̣˵Ŀ⣬սʥϡ
սʥҲϣʥһߣǰ֮ǻǴսʥ˵ҶǸˣѪʵ̫ˡ
ߣҶһսʥϣ㲻Ҫڡ
ԶսʥĻʥǶ¶Цݡ
ԶѪ̵ѪҲ͸ͨһĻ¶Цݡ
ӽɣѪһ϶˵
սʥʵǷǳġ
ܹսΪʵ֪
ڹʥ۷嵱УսʥһģʥǿһЩ
սʥһ֣ôⳡսͿԽˡ
һԵĵЦǿԷˣսʥ˲ǧĻᣬܹ̤һﵽվΣлʥ磬ҪҪ£һ£
ûǸҪսʥҰıʥö࣬ҪƿʥˣҸ£Ѫҡҡͷ
ŲսʥʲôҰģѪ󷨣λӻ½۷壬
ֻҪɱҶǳˡ

֮ǡ
ʥսʥæ˵սʥһְɣڣǿ϶Դ󡣡
ãսʥ˵ͷ漴гһʥǿǰĻǴȥ
һ֣ʥʥ״һ
λʥҲų֡
ݣ
ڴʱԶսļλʥȫҲһ֡
ʮλʥһ̶˻ᣬ˿ԥһֺ֮ǵĻǴ
עһĻǿߣ֪Ҷˡ
ҶǳţҪˡ
һʥǲֵܵסʮλʥֵġ
ǲ
ƺӡ֤˵Ԥϣսʥ빥֮֮ǵĻǴˡ
ǴеҶģҲһɹǿѪɳȥ
ʮλʥɱ֮ǡ
ɢ̫ǿˣֲϢŰǳء
֮Ƕڲ߶¶ֵɫ
ҶǳվӲһʥվ֮ڣѪɵҶģʱشЦ
Ҷȴǲ˲ǵѪҺһؿʥЦδҲ˵̫ˡ
ʲôʥͻȻͫһ
ҶĻµʱԱߵսʥȻʥʥ
һսʥѾ˺ܾãٶȿ죬ҹǿƥ
ǿֲʥͷƤ顣
սʥʲôʥû뵽սʥͻȻִ֣֮ͱսʥĹûˡ
ʲôȻҪɱ㣬սʥںͲѣǾһֱѣ㻹ΪһǶԸҶ𣿡սʥЦһһ
սʥ
ֲıը֮УʥԹ޷ŭĴ


1643 Ҷĵı
սʥͻȻֹʥڳˡ
˵ʥˣҶģҲһ㵣ƺû뵽սʥᷴվߡ
սʥ㾹ƭңʥһ£漴Ӧŭɱսʥ
սʥһʥЦǶô꣬Ϊһ㣿Ҷ
ɶ񣡡ʥŭû뵽ԼȻսʥˣˡ
ڳйʥսʥˣˡ
ҶҲվߵģԶŹʥһ漴ɱʥ
޳ܣΧĹʥһĵؿʥаѡ
תӣҲ̫Ҫˡ
ҶĿɲŹĻᣬӡ
¡
ʱһǿ󷨳ˣڳʮλʥȫ˽ȥ
󷨲Ƿ󷨣Ҳǹ󷨣һ˵󷨡
ʮλʥ˿̶ܵ󷨵ķ֮ǵһˣ޷ơ
ţ
ԶڹʥսʥЩؿҶġ
һ˵󷨡
ҶǳҪʲô
ѵһʼ׼˸ס
ʲô
սʥйâ˸֮ǰûиҶĴͨãҶĲӦ׼˲ǡ
ǣҶĴһʼеܹסʮλʥ
ԣǰó˵󷨡
Ǵ󣬶ҶĹŪƵģʮλʥ֮ڡ
ֻǣսʥǣҶǳĵʲô
սʥܿˡ
ΪǿϢӲԶ˺ն
Ҷֵܣˣ
һЦء
һ̣һӣ׵֮֮УǼλΧҶĵĹʥɱȥ
ְɺ׹ʥŵףҲʥ
˿ûбҶĵĻýѹƣǿޱȵǣ˿̸ǿޱȣһֱĺüλʥѪش
ʥ
зɺ׹ʥ
ãϵˡ
ǶҶǳСӸˡ

λʥһĻﻹ֪ҶǳмƻǸˡ
սʥҲüͷһЩͷƤ飬ҿһѡˡ
ȻҶĵĻý֮Уʥͷɺ׹ʥĶ֡
ڣʥ٣û˿ɱҶġ
磬ɺ״㣬סҪɱ֣Ҫӡǡ
Զʥͷɺ׹ʥҶڷˣ˵
ͬʱҲſսʥʥϵĻýѹƣ˿ȫ֡
ʥɺ׹ʥսʥʥĴֵȫ֮£λʥʥĽڽڰˡ
ʱʥҲӱըĳ˳ƲޱȣǱһŭսʥҪɱ㡣
ʵ̫ŭˣȻսʥ͵Ϯˡ
Ҫսʥ
ǵ֮󣬶ʱʹסˡ
ʥͷɺ׹ʥôˣ
ʥȻҲˮˣ
ʥĵһ֪Լˡ
ʥսʥʵǿ
ҶĵĻý֮Уɺ׹ʥʥʵҲǿ
ĸվҶһߣǻôҶĶ
ңΧдסǣӶӲ
ʥˣ
ԶҶһЦؿʥ˵
ʥҧһĵصҶģɻʵΪʲôΪʲôʥ㣿Ϊʲôɺ׹ʥͻȻǱһλ۷ʥˣ˾ʥ
һ̣ʥȻ
ԭʥзɺ׹ʥ͸ҶǳͨˣһϷ
û
ҶĿʥЦ¶ˣ͸ʥзɺ׹ʥˡʥ֣ɺ׹ʥߣøǿᣬӶһ򾡡
úúã㻹ǹݵģҲеӵģһʥСȻ͸ʮλʥʥҧгݵصҶģԹޡ
ҶһЦû׼뿪۶
Ǻǣ뿪۶֮ǰ˰æˡ
ɺ׹ʥѰģʥģʥ
Ͼʥ۷ǿߣֵĴۿɲ͡
ңʥҲǿʱķϣԸҶĵġ
Ϊ֮ǰʱ֣ӵоҶģԣʥΪҶĸʱϵǷ
ȻˣôжҶĲܻڳ¡
ԣȻԸҶĺһѣϾǲ׬ȡҶĵ飬ܽʱܵõʥֱһ̫ˡ
ҶֵܣҪҽ𣿡ڴʱʥ²Ĺʥ˹һ߽²ĹʥӸҶģһ߿ŲԶʥЦ˵
Ҷ²ĹʥʥЦǾͶлˣ
С˼ʥЦһʥȥ
óʥѾǿ֮ĩˣһҶĵĻýѹƣ֮Ĳ̫ˡ


1644 Ӱ
֮ǵ֮Уʥʥ֣Ѷ
ҶĴǰʥ²¶֮ɫ
²ɢޣʵǹʥڣһǵӹʥʵǹʥڡ
ȫʢʱڶԶԶȲʥ˵ڱҶĵĻýѹ֮Ǿ͸ӲʥĶˡ
ԣλʥܿͱʥˣȻӡ
ŷӡ֮еʥҶЦԣ³ϣ±۾һЩ
˵꣬ŭҶľͽ
λʥĹʥѾʥˣʥγֵ
ҶĿԶķɺ׹ʥսʥǡ
ʱսʥʥ֮£ʥѾǸӡˡ
ˣϷɺ׹ʥֶԸʣµλʥ
һ˱λʥ²ˡ
ʥ㱻²ˣڳսʥŭսʥ޳ܵСˣ㲻ˡ
񣡡սʥм˵ʥһۣΪӽԺʥͳΪʷˡ
ʥʥ֮УԺҲֻʣսʥһλʥˡ
ȻԺҪҶǳ
Ҷ֮ǰ˼ΪľǣǶĻǴ󹥻սʥʥӸҶģЦ˵
Ҷİֵսʥ˵ЦˣûæҲܽһ򾡡
Ȼսʥѡվһߣһоͺ˵
ҶҲЩңٲٸսʥ˺ʱúԪΪѡ
תͷɺ׹ʥҶһмζлɺ״æ
ɺ׹ʥͬʥѰæ
ҶĻóʥɺ׹ʥȷɺ׹ʥƴǣְʣµʥֱ͸սʥʥ
ô˵ǶְæˣҶȻܿǡ
ңЩʥֲҶĵģսʥԼ˶õսƷ
ҶܹõЩʥķ²Ѿˡ
ȻûҶĵĻýսʥȻԻЩʥȴ޷²Щʥ
ܵ˵κǳ˳ʥȰλʥһ򾡡
˸ʥ²±ȱʥ²ˡҶĶʱЦˡ
ͬʱϽϢʥ֮еı
ͬʱʥҲʥŷӡʥ˹
ҶֵܣʥʥӸҶġ
ҶһŲʥϣʥŤףЦ㱻Ѫջɱң뵽һ죿Ѫ𣿡
ʥǺ죬ܿ죬̾˿Ҷģɬܿܣûʲô˵ġ
Ҷûͼʥ²ȫ
漴ҶĶʥмл˷
ǺǣҶֵܲؿңҲǰ׳֣ҪлҶֵܸһأȻһҵʥʥЦ˵
ûҶĵĻýϣ⿿ԼһˣԴһЩʥҲץסǣ˵Ƿӡˡ
κǸȡ衣
֮һսʹĻ
ǰйע˵صĻ½ǿǣȴǲƽˡ
һսӰ죬ܿʹ½

۶
վս˫ȭһҧгݵضǰգźʥվһ˵ЦҶģк˸
û뵽ȻֱСӶһ١
ңȻ˵ʥ
ĪǴ֮ӣˣ

վɫѿ

ʹʱҶȡʤ𾪵ͬʱҲ˿
СҵϣԺˡ
ʱûмעҶģתȥչˡ
Ҫúȹһʥľ磬Ȼأ˱ѩޡ

Ѫ̡
Ѫ͵žҶģþ
һΣʧˡ
սʥķһǵ֮⡣
ʥͷɺ׹ʥĵףҪɱҶǳѾǲˡ
Ǳź˺ĴֱۣǲʥնɱҶǳ
ѵ֮ӣд˵
һ̣ĸֺͿվͬ뷨
ζɱҶǳҶǳʵԽԽǿˡ
ⲻ֮ʲô
Ҫ֪ǰѪҪɱˣ˭ܶĵ
˵ǰλʥԳˡ
ǲ֮ӣҪɱҡ֮СѪ˵
ҶǳֵԽԽɵ
һֱǿºѽնɱҡͷ
Ѫ˵ȻɱˣǾ취ץס˺ѣ뿪
磬ں˺ѣЩɣͲΪ˱ץȥ
ѪҲûжٰգԿɣһ½вˣץ
˵գѪ͸Ѫ̵ĳˡ


1645 
֮һսܿʹ½ߣʱҶǳʵˡ
½һƬڡ
ҶǳĴٴ쳹½˵˲֪˲ˡ
̺ҶǳȻɱʮλʥǿʮλʥлкüλʥڵǿڡ
ʲôʱյӣһҪȥʦѧգ
»̵֪ͽжôϸκԲصˣ츳ٸ߶ûá
ҶǳҲ̫ˣ󼶵ţЩҼһֱĴ˵ÿһζǺ䶯½

½أ̸Ҷǳ
Ҫ벹̣Ϊ̵ĵӡ
棬ǹҶǳͲ̵Ϣˢˡ
һЩ̵ĵӣеޱԺ·ϣΧĽ

ʥ档
ҶǳҲʱˣɷǵһֱע֮һս
ԣսĻ֮ҲǵһʱͽӵҶĵϢ
֪Ҷĵս˶ǳ𾪡
ҶǳԼе⣬Щȵû뵽ҶôӢ䣬ǵʵȻͿɱʮλʥ
ԱߵëһĵôԼ𣿡
ҶǳٺһЦ
εȷԼķˡ
Ҫ֪ҶĵʵҲǿʥǿһ㣬ʥ²ˣοǷ²ʮλʥ
ԭҶǳҲֻΪܹסʮλʥˣϵԷʮλʥһˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ǽˣ
һԣɷЦ˵СӵǴ֪ĹϵʱŴ죬ټ츳ƣ붯ʥ֣ټĻý磬ڲ֮ء
ɺ׹ʥ⣬սʥҲЩ⣬һսĻԻս
ɷֱӳƺҶΪҶǳǶͬһˡ
սʥǸεվˣߣԱߵߵ
ëЦˣʶࡣ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦʥǶѾҷ²ˣɢ޹ʥʣսʥһˣǲʱʲôΣˣҲ԰ıչˡ
СӺúñչذɣ飬ͽҶĴɡë˵
ɷЦ˵ڶ˰˸ʥ²ټеѪ̵ĹʥֻҪ̤ʥ磬ӵоŸʥϽɡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
Ÿʥ˵ʵҲĶ
ʱˣǾʮʥһʥĹʥ
ټ̹ս󣬻ͻý磬аӭսʥˡ

֮ǡ
ʥͷɺ׹ʥܿ͸ˡ
սʥʥûߣǸҶĻص顣
ڣսʥҶ˵ҶʥѾ²ˣɣ׼δã
ո˵꣬ԱߵëƲǻʣȻǳˣǾȫţѵԺָ֣ǲ̱ѩ𣿡
ȻѾˣǾŰɡˣҲǲ̵ģ֮սһҲͷ˵
սʥëһۣһ˿ɫССĴʥڣȻҲҶǳĶԻ
ҪսʥڣǼֱ̫ˡ
Ͼǲ̵ĵ̣Ҷǳ
Ҷǳû˵Ҳö˵
ңոպͲ޲ϵʱõﲹ̵ˡ
ԣսʥ˵ͷЦ˵λ˵ĲȻˣǾǣҶΪΣ
սʥҶġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵Ҫǣڡ۷ʥأ⿿һ̣Ҳѽ飬Ҫսʥڰæ
Ӧõģսʥ˵ͷǷˣսʥȻˡ
Ҷ콣Ҳ԰æԱߵʥæ˵
ôõ飬콣ȻѾû˹ʥ֣ȫԷ
ңܳûọֶ̀Ϊ
ǾͶлʥˣҶĶʥЦŵ˵ͷ
ǽͷݣҲûзУڻ½ˣ˭ǿվ˭һߡ
٣ʥ֮ǰûйֻųˣϾͷˣãӹһ١
Ҷ۷ʥأǲѡʣսʥں콣һһΣսʥ˵
ԱߵʥûһսϾǲӮˣֻǰ֣ͷȻڲ̡
Ҷȴҡͷ۷ʥ̫ˣǲ̳Բ£ҿǲ̶ԳһʣԽսʥں콣ɣõıԴ÷ǲһ롣


1646 ʵŵ
һС꣡
ҶĵĻսʥʥͬʱѡ
ҶֻǮ£Ѻôռˡ
սʥʥͬҶĵ
ΪһǿԽọ̀Ҳܳûһ󣬲̫ˡ
ϾЩ۷ʥضû˹ʥǿߣǵʵȫ
Ҷ²˳٣ھҪȥˣ̫ʱ䣬»ڵıˡ
Ƭ̺սʥվ˵
һսϢѾķ
ڡڵɵǿߵ֪Ϣ϶µҪǸϾɱ϶׼·ˡ
ԣҪǣÿ졣
ԽԽá
˼׼ˣֻʣһյɽڵˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲվսʥʥȥ
ë˹ȥɻΪʲôҪ۷ʥ͸ǣûйʥǵʵǻ׾٣
Ŀ𣿡Ҷתͷëҡͷʥ𣿾ʥŶһˣڻ֪
ڣЩ۷ʥѾõϢЩʥصʥ˶ѾǱĵˡ
֮
Ҷ̾ʥˣдʥڣЩ۷ʥǲᱻģȫԶѪ̵ĵȥѪ̿϶չǡ
󣬵Ǳǿˣ鷳ô죿
ë˵ͷ漴ɻ֪ȷѽɱ͸սʥʥ۷ʥʲôϵѵ͸ǣЩ˾Ͳ㱨𣿡
ᣡҶĵЦǣǸһսʥں콣ɱ𣬱Ͼǳֵģ൱ҷֵһЩ
ëŻȻ˵үˣҪսʥں콣ˮϾСֻɱǵĹʥɵĳ޲󡣶սʥں콣ɣǵţɱӣޡ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ
ëɻҲսʥǸϼһῴһ㣬ΪʲôҪͬ⣿
һǽǲ̣ҶЦ˵һ۷ʥأֻǻȡһԴҲĶˡ
οսʥԼģֻҪһֱţܻסսʥڡңսʥǹʥ۷壬˵ʲôʱ̤ʥ磬Щ۷ʥصı
ëߵ壬ǲ̾ͲˣСӿϾҪŸʥˡ
Ҷҡͷǲ壬һǰģʱҪǡ
Сӣ۹⵹ͦԶİɣаСӣʦүڣǲֻԽԽǿʢ
ëٺЦˣʲôԪɶʱץͷñүС塢Ҳʥ硣
Ԫæ˹һ˵ǵ̫ˣǿλƬǿģҪʥ磬֪ú£ֻܿץԪˡ
Ҷİһۣһǻһ־ûУ
ʮ߻ǵŶԪ˵ûʲôãΪʲôãëƲ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ұȥɣȱʥʱ򣬵ʱǼȥ
ڴүҲ̤ʥˣղžͼսʥǻ쵰е㿴𱾴ү˼ȱүʥ󣬿Ҳ񲻣ëЦ
ЦŴȤŵɣսʥǹʥ۷壬̤ʥ磬Ҳֻǹʥڣ˼Ȳ̫Զˡ
ߣʥ۷ΣλǹԹվߣˣȻνһˡëЦ
ҶĴǵĽ̸ֵˣڱϻˣϽȥټȥڣʵҵŵˡ
ãүѾȲˡëʱһ˷ܵ
һ۷ʥأǺεȵĺ
ϢڵӺͳ̶һƬڡ
һЩϺ͵ȫԸս
ҶҲΣգ¾ȫǳˣǰڡ
ڣʱֱӽý罵٣Щ̵ӻɱ񣬷
ǷʥڣҲںһĹȥܹɱˡ

һڲǿߣҶĵĴ£ƺƵǰڡ
ںҶһɨʱ֪ѾûʥˣкܶӴڡ
ȻЩڵʥһõϢˣ³˾ߡ
ϾֻҪҶһ٣ýǻôӣ
ʱĵ˽ֳˡ
ЩߵʥˣֻǴһЩԼãԼĵϵ󱲣ԼڵţˣǸû֪ͨ
ڲ˽ٵʱڶһƬҡ
ɱëɱ˹ȥ
ûʥˣʥڿһˡ
챾үҪһսˣڵˣ˧磡ë
ԱߣСԶԶģʾʶ񾭲


1647 
ûʥ˵ڣڲǰ͸ֽһëǸˡ
ڵԴȵȣȫ̵Ӹѹθɾˡ
⻹㣬Ҷ׼ǲפڣ˵ظΪǲ̵ķֶ档
Ͼ̫ˣһЩ߶ظ֮ǰʦ̫ˡ
ԣһֶ棬ҲܹһЩǱĵӡ
οڳô꣬ﻹкܶҪ̽գһӴ档
磬ʹһֵڵɡ
Ҷë˵
ȻһǱģǾڰɡ
οëǲ̵ĽҲʺ顣
ëҲܸɴشӦû⣬ڱүϡ
Ҳ£ڵĻǴ󲻴֮ǰֻûʥ֣ű׹ơ
˿̣λʥ֣ʥϮаյֵƬ̡
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬㹻ҶĸϹԮˡ
Ȱ֮Ǻ߶Ҫյӣǲ̴ʤµʱ򣬶һЩǱĵӡҶ˵
ë˵ͷ漴ЦѾǸˣٽЩˣְɡ
в̷ֶ棿Ҷ
ëҡͷ̫ˡ
Ҷİһۣû˵Ȼע⣬ֱ˵ɣʲôӰ
ëٺЦͽзţԺǿԶ࿪һЩš鲼½֮ǵĲ̱ܲʥء
Ҫ𣿡ҶЩؿһۣţѾǲˣͽзţ湻޳ܵġ
ë飬ҶЩ⶯
ȷ½̫Ӵˣ߸֮ǰʦںܶʵµ˵ǳѡ
ǣµĸ֡š鲼½ôҲЩ߰ʦ
ͬʱҲò̱øǿ
ֻǡ
ҶĿëһ죬ǲµġš鲼½ǿǾ͸ʮ칬һܵĴ̺ļɵˡ
뿴̵ĸ֡š鲼½ʱǲ̸жôǿ
Ǽֱ
ʮ칬ûôӴ
ֱڸЩĴ̺ҩǻ̱ôǿ
ٺ٣ڿ϶УСӵʵѹĴ̺ʱǲ̾ôˡ
ëٺһЦ˵ʱȿֶ棬СһСӵʵǿһЩǾıʲôʱ򲻾Ĵ̺ʱٲ½
ҶĳƬ̣漴ͷҲУĻǲ̵ܲͲܷ֮ˣϾĵ̡
Ǿȥʥ棿Сʥ棬ǲеġë˵
ҶĿЦûз֮ǰǵȷȥʥ棬ǵҷû츳ʥ棬Ǿûˡ
СɵʱСӾѾˣʱҸطһܲ󷨣ǲ̻پ±ˣëŰ۵
Ҷһ㶣漴Ȼ
ǰɾʱڻ½޵ˡ
ʱҪһ̵ܲ׾٣
£ҶĲٶ¡
ëڣڷβ֮Ҷľʹ˷֮ˡ
ͬʱսʥʥҲʼڵ۷ʥء
һʱ䣬۷ʥ̱Ϣ˺ܴĺ䶯
ʱڵʥأһսľĵ׷֮ǣʾá
̵ڣһʱ
ʱҶ֮ǣзŷųյӵϢʱ⶯
Ϣ½߸֮Ǻͷš
ȻҲȫǺϢ
ҲлϢ
֮ǵĳ͸ҶĴ˻Ϣ
ҶСӣոյϢڡڡڡˮڡ۷ʥѪ̵ĵ½ɡ
˵ʥػõѪ̵İʥصĴʥ۷ǿߣѾȥѪ̲ˣƺܿ죬ʥؾӵйʥǿߣҺֹܻܿһˡ
ҶЦ˵ĵ˾ѣѪһĵǺܺãֻܰ͹ʥڵǿߣҸ
˵ͷ˵УʥֹѪ̵ڵ߸ʦʦģʥص˸סˣеǸնɱˣŵѪ̵ڵҲʦˡ
Ҷԣʱк˸


1648 
ĻҶҵѪΪʲôôģ͹ʥԭǻĽѪԼԸְ飬ͽʥȥ죬ֹǲ׳󡣡
ϾѪǴŴɣǳֹЩ֮ǰʦѧգͲˡ
ңԺ˭Ѫ̵ĵ̣
οᱻ̡Ц
ԣѪ̲ô
ֱֻܰ齻ʥˡ
ʥɥ֮ȮΪѰѪ̵İֻܹԹѪ̵Ļ
ˣ˵ʥصˣڵѰǿ˵ˡ˵
ʲôҶɫһ䡣
ǿˣһԶļ䰡
ǿչ·ǿ˵һ·ɨ˻ǿչ·
ֻڵִ½󣬴ұȥˡ
ô꣬ҶǳҲֻ޵һЩ˽
ʵԸЩǿ˵˻ز̡
ǣЩǿ˵ˣûѾ洳ãɣٻصҶǳߡ
ҶǳҲɷչˡ
ֻǣû뵽ʥأȻǳˡ
Ҷ׼ǨŭЩˣ湻޳ܵġ
Ѿƹˤˡ˵
ʥΪ˰ͽѪ̣ѾײҪˣȫͶѪ̣Ѫ̵Ĺǡ
ҶæʵѾϢЩǿ˵𣿡
ѾˣôǺܴ󣬳һЩʥصĳԱԱһЩСʥصĶ֡˵
ҶҧǻǹӣͲ͵͵ȥǣ
ҹѪ̰Ͳô˵ھѪ̵ʥʥڣͶæ˵
Ҷ֪˵ĺеѪʥôΪıǱ뿪
ϾֻҪѪ̾޷ɱ
ͻȻҶһ䣬æ˵ʶˣȥһ£ȻѪ׼ôǿ϶ֹԸǿ˵ˣֻҪǸйϵģǵļƻ֮С
˵Ҷ˵ǣѪ̵ļƻ֮У׼ҵˡ
ǶǷעæһһЦ
ЩҲˡ
Ǳʥ棬Ҷǳıڣעȫޱȡ
ҶĳĿǰа棬ԣǻ쵰Ҳ棬ȥǵ䣬Ǿתһ˷ٳȥҲ١
ã˵ͷ

ӣҶļעѪ̺ʥصĶ
ȴҶԽԽŭ
Ϊ˵ûˣҲô
Ϊ󲿷ǿ˳Աڵסʥص
οʥɳȥץǿ˳ԱǿߣǴϵǿߣʥ˶ˣЩСεֵ
ԣܿϰٸǿ˵ĳԱʥظץˡ
ʥػų˵Ҷǳһ겻뿪ÿһɱһǿ˵ĳԱ
Ⱥ쵰ɱ˵ʱ򣬻ֱ½߶֪ˡ
Ҳǰ׳գ֪ѪڱǱҶǳ뿪ñѪ̵ǿնɱ
ֻҶǳϾͷĻЩǿ˵ĳԱҪʥظɱˡ
ңѾ磬ҶǳȵĻҲӰ졣
ҶСӣҪæ𣿡
ҶɫѿʱĻյɷһŵѶϢ
ȻɷһźҶҲϢ֪ҶѴˡ
ҶĶʱһæʵҶѾﵽʥ۷𣿡
ɷһŻѶǵȻ㻹ﵽʥ۷壬ڰæǶɱһЩڵĹʥˡ
Ҷһֱɷһ汨ɱ˲ʥˣҶǳﵽʥ۷ʱҶž̴ﵽ˴ʥ۷塣
Ǿͺã
Ҷ۾һУѶиƻҹǰǰǱѪ̵ĵ̣ʥظˣȳǿ˵ˡ
û⣬ȥ󣬿϶Ѫ̵ĿˣʥȻѪ̵ĸ׾١
ɷһŵͷѶΪʲôҪǰ
ȥѶѣȻǱ뿪Ҿ˳ȥ顣ҶĴѶ
ʵڲǰյ𴫸Ϣ˵ҵһ˿ǳսµټ
ǳսҶҵڶλսҲһڣҶǳĵϵ
ҶǳϾѵսǣλǳս
λڵһľսǰ˻ǿչ·Ӷ˻½
ֻǵҶǳ½һֱûҵλڵ䡣
ֱǰϢ˵ĳطܵǳսϢ
ǳսҲսˣǳսϢǳϤ


1649 
ҶǳҪŵˣһڵµ𣿡
Ҷǳų򣡡
б뿪ڸ㹫ƽһս

ϣһλڵĴʥֱֳһһǿ˳ԱĲϣŻ˵
Ƶܿʹ磬½֪
ҶȻҲ֪ͨһУƵǸǿ˵ĳԱ˲ϳˡ
ֵܸսеһˣһ򶼺ܹЩҲ֮ǿ
ʱֵڴʥı£ƵǧģѪ̵ʥѾˣǾ͵š
û˵꣬ͱһĨҵĵ֡
˲䣬һѪܵԴա
λڵĴʥѪܵĳƵйЦҶǳúÿɣǼؿǲǳڵһս

֮ǣ
һڲ̸߲㿴Ƶȫŭޱȡ
ǺõҶĶƵˣޱϬɱ
ҶţһҪɱ˴ˣҶҶŴѶ
˵Ҷ˵ҶĹһ꣬ҶĵķŭȻҲķŭ
£Ҷľڻ湫ԣǰݷڵСб¾һս
ںܿ˱ʾͷʮǿ˵ĳԱʾ⡣
ҶļˣҲǰ
½ڹע¡
ʶҶĵˣǺģǱģ׷׸Ѷ
Ҷǧ³çҪսʥѵ
ҶСģҿЩͼߣûҪϣαΪȥðաʥѶ
ҶֵܣҲﲻˣѪ̿϶ʥԼСĵ㡣ʥѶ
Ҷֵܣ㿼³çˡɺ׹ʥѶȰ˵
ҶǳҵĳŵЧֻҪһԵұ㻤һΡվӴѶ
Ԫ䡢սֵˣҲ׷״Ѷ
ҲѶˣѯʵȷڹ׼𣿡
֪Ҷǳʲôɵ£Ȼ뿪ǾͿ϶еơ
ҶһŵػѶİɣѪѾκβˡ
и̾ѣʱǸһ½ˣѾվĸ߶ȡ
ȻˣҾڱˡ˵ͷ漴ͨ

֮ǣҶĽ֮ǵĲܲСԼǰ
ΪѪ̵֪ȷʵ뿪Ҷ뿪֮Ǻ󣬱㱬Լǿơ
ǿֲĴʥ۷ƣȴȹʥ磬ڲ֮ϺƵš
ߣܵ˾޴ѹ
Ҷ̤һƬɫѲ磬Էǳߵ̬ǰ
һ·ϣǳأ߶ͷ
Ҷı˫֣ɫĮͬһͥɢ̤ߡ
Ҷǳ
Ȼĸ뿪ѵ֪Ѫڱ𣿡
Ҹҿ϶αȻѪ̵ʥš
Ҷǳɵ²Ѫ̵ıΪλҪ뿪
ֻ˵Ǵ˼СԲµõġ
ǻǿϷɣѪɱҶǳҶǳٴδ漣

߿Ų֮ϵҶǳ۷׷ס
ʵǿߣԶԶظҶĺ棬׼Ϸ
ϾһѪ̺ܻܿʥȲεĴս˭Ը
ڰУҲ֪жʥ˸Ҷĵĺ档
Щʥ۳ǰս
½ǿ߳߾
ʱҶľı߾ҲԽԽˡ
Ҫ̤
Χ˫Ŀ⣬һǿҶ̽
ҶĵһЦ𲽷׼̤
Ҷǳ㿼𣿡ڴʱվ겻ɢٶȴˡ
ҶĶһѾˡ
ûվӣҶ̤뿪Ľ
䣡
˲䣬ر仯пֲĽ磬Ҷռˡ
ʥ
һϤ
ҶĿǰĺڰգЦȻˣβһ
ڰ֮УѪ̵ĵ̤նǰ治ɫҶģһ͵ò˵СӻһҲ治ɫ磬ûݵǡ
˵㲻ңҶĵ˵
һ漴ЦˣǺεݣεȵλʲôʱ򣬾Ȼ˸СˣǱһʥССˡ
ҶģɵŭЦ͵ͦģҵҪ˭һ


1650 
Ѫ̵ĵ
Ҿ˵Ѫ̿϶ʥڴˡ
Ҷǳˡ
һ콾ҪΪʷˡ

Զս˿Ҷǳ군ˡ
ϾҶǳֻǴʥʥ̫ˣȫûпɱԡ
ҶǳԽʥʥʥĲ̫ˣʥǰҶǳע·һ
ϧˣλҶ̫³çˣҲ̫ˣȻΪһȺͼߣ͸Ըðա
Զʥңңߣ̾Ϣ
ԱߣһϤӰ
սʥ
սʥŲԶĺڰ磬üҶǳô嶯򵱳ҲƿɱˣҲô׵ȥ
ܿɱ磬ܿɱʥɣʥȻΪҶǳԶԸʥ
սʥҲΪϾʥ̫ǿˡ
ʥҲֻܻסҶǳ
Ѿû˿ԻסҶǳˡ
ΪҶǳѾĵ֮Уʥ٣Ҳ޷ҶǳӵƤ¾ߡ
˵ҶǳѾˡ
ҶǳԼܹʥû˿Ծȵ
Ҫ˵ҶǳԼʥ
ʵ
ҶǳһжýˣӴ㽫ΪʷȻȴѾվڻ½۷塣
УֳŶҶǳ̽ĿڿһˣƺҶǳѾˡ
ΪʥҪɱһˣȷס
οҶǳѾĵڣĵڣû˿Ծߡ
һжѾˣ
и̾ǰСǳô飬Ѫ̶λʥֱѪôѲĵˡ
ãҶǳûнʥ֮ǰɱҡ֮УȻȵҶǳ̤ʥ磬Ǿ͸Ѳˡ
δ˵̫ˡ
żٽĴ֣ҶĺȻ¶ЦݣһؿŶĵ
һݣ漴ЦСӣʱˣ㻹Ū飿
䣬ʱɫһ䡣
ΪȻԼ̽ȥƣ֪ΪΣȻٶȡ
˲סҶĵĴ֣˿ȴǻдУ·һٶȡ
ʱ٣
һ糿ĺһ㣬ڵ
ȵʱԭڶֽţѾ뵽ҵĵ磬ҪߣδҲ̫Сˡ
ԶʱӰ֣֮赲ڵ棬һʱƽ
ʱʱ٣ɿӰ쵽ʱ䡣
ֻѹҶĵĴ֣ڱ֮ٶȱ˺ܶ࣬Ҷɵض˹ȥ
ûõģһΣ㲻ʮΣ
ߵ
漴緢˱仯һֲɭȻĵãӺڰ֮
ԩӺڰԨÿһɢǿƣƻȳһܼҶ
ý磡
ҶĴȵѸʩչý磬ʱֵŵ
ؿõڲ
ʵɣĵѾʼֵסʱĹˡ
ֻǴ˿̣ѾںʱǷܹĵ磬ѾʥҶĺɱ
ʥǱȹʥһε
һλʥڶԸһʥʱȻᶯʥ
Ѿڶȫˡ
¡¡
ʥһƬ綼ռһ飬ֻ֮ʣһʥҶѹ
ҶĸܵϢ
κһҪˡ
Ҷ治ɫ
״вɵһͻļµĸо
ͺʲôΣҪ١
䣡
һ̣ĵˡ
ʱȴûȥҶģǲٿʥŵɱ
ǳһĨҪΧκ𣿿ϧʱĹܹס
ֻǣЦˡ
ΪǿϢͻȻƬ֮С
ͬʥһ֣ŵɱ
һʱ䣬ʥȫһ׼˵
ҪնɱҶģôҲסλʥһ
Ѿвˡ
һλʥĹſԵֵסˡ
λʥĹҪˡ
λʥĹ㲻Ҳᱻش
һش˭֪˻᲻ɱ
ϾɱһˣǾѪ̵ʵ
ѱĴ̺Ķ
ԣֻòĵصҶһۣ漴תӭλʥĹ
ҶĿһĻɵ¶Цݡ
ƻɹˣʮ칬ܸȤ
ʮ칬Ϣ붯־һΡ


1651 ʥ
ǱҪѪ̿ս𣿡
ĵУȻסһɱɳȥɵŭصʱλʥ
½ʥ٣һϳˡ
ǱλʥҲǺһǳϵĴڡ
Ҫϣһʥˡ
κһʵ֮¡
οҶĵĻý
˵ʱ֣ɱҲܽش
Ѫ̿սֻҶСѼȻǱͣǾͱñ֤İȫԺ˭Ǳ΢΢Ц
һԵ鵭ĮҶǳ뿪ѪɱҲ١ʱǱֹ֤㡣
ҶġԼʱԣнǹâһǶλʥ̬ȡ
λƺҶǳӡ󲻴
λǲҶǳֻΪһ
λʥڴ˿̣ɱҶǳһġ
Ҳ֪ǿ󲻵ã⣬俴ϣλ˵㻰ĻѪҲȱʥ
˵꣬λ˺ˡ
ʱ״ҶĵСӣһΰˣСӽҰֵ㣬ҪҪ㣬
Ҷĵľٶúôڵ۶ûЩƫƫ
Ѿ⣬ȥúȹΪɱչأȻȥ˱ûûҶǳˣʱûҶǳýɾ޷ˡ
ǰģҲôȥġҶЦŴ
ʱ˺ռˡ
ҶЦ˵ҶСѣҲ߰ɡ
лǰҶһλ̬ȲõֱӾ͸ˡ
Ҳں˺ˡ
ڰ֣Ц˵ؿʦ档
ҶĶʱȻԭһϵû뵽Ȼһλʥʦ档
£Ҷı㴫Ѷѯ
ҲڹעҶģѶǱһ棬ǷһĹʥ˵ͽҲΪ֮
ҶĶʱˣʦǱʦ棬йϵûô׽
ֻҪֵ㣬λȻע
£Ҷıλǰ
ԶЩսˣѾĿɿڴ
ҶǳȻӹһ١
һΣȻλʥô
սˣЩʥе˼顣
ʲôʱʥôֵǮˣ
ΪһʥȻλʥôйŹ֡
˵ǸɣǸǷϻ
Ҫ˵ֻҪȥͱһԺ󵫷˵ǿߣô˵ǶܱסС
ϧƾȥ룬Ҳ벻е
Ҿ֪ôױɱսʥҶȥıӰЦһתȥ
ЩԼһζĶˡ
Ҷǳ̫ѲˣɱǲҪ佻üɡ
ԱߣʥҲΪȻصͷڿʼʹ⣬ԺԲֻ̣ܽãܵ
ǿߣҲ𺳣ǴһսٴοҶǳĿֲ
ʥ͵ʱѾγ־Ҷǳˡ
ʲôϵ
ⲻò˼

ͬʱҶѾǰˡ
ٿռͨҶľɶˣֻҪ󣬲ٶȿ죬ܰȫ
ǰҶ̲סʵǰʮ칬ôҪԭΪαֻһλʥңû뵽Ȼλ
뿪֮ǰ㽫ʮ칬Ϣ֪Իȡһ
ôֱһʯ
Ͼûε飬ҲҪһᱩ¶ʮ칬ӶС
ܹڴ֮ǰһϢȡһΣҲǷˡ
ֻǣҶĸû뵽λʥ
˵ʮ칬ǳء
Сʮ칬
ҶĵĻЦ˵ʮ칬ɲһؾʮʥ
ʮʥ˻Ҷԣɴ۾һ
Цʮ칬ʮʥɵһʥʮλʥִ߶˵ֵܹסԱ㹻ˡ
Ϊʥǲκβʮ칬ԲŽ˻ؾħʮ칬


1652 
ֱ̹Ȼ˵ʮ칬ıҶе졣
ҶһҲˡ
ѾںʲôıƣֻҪӮ˾С
ʤΪΪܡ
ʮ칬ˣ˭ʮ칬˵
˵ףǿΪ硣
һΣҶǳɱˣôǾѪ̵ֶЩɣҲû˻Ҷǳ˵
Ѫ̻վڻ½۷壬Ĵ֮һ
ҶǳֻΪʷ
ǲпʵ
ڻ½Ĵ֮Уֻǿ̡

Ѫأµܲ
ɷһźҶǱ
ý磡
վڸ߿УֻҶһȣӴĻý磬ʱƾճ֣֡
һ˲䣬ȴЩʥ˻ӦʥµߣֱӾͳڻþ֮ж԰Ρ

Ҷżȵ
һ̣Щڻþ֮еߣȫ
ڣʱֻʣһЩʥˡ
ЩʥˣҲý˾ųɾŵʵһڻý֮ţҪӳȥҶս
ΪǷǳڻý֮УǸҶŵĶ֡
Ͼ桪ڹʥҶǳĶ֡
ӣߣ
ҶǳôӦ߽𣿡
ҸղŻڿֱأѾסǸҶǳԲм١
ôҶǳ
ɶǶƭˣзҷôǿ
Ļý棬Ϣȥ

ڵʥ־ֿ֣ǸоԼһ˶𺳲ѵ࣬ϧѾ޷Ϣȥˡ
ңɷһŵĳ֣Ҳһ
Щʥ֮УʵǿҲǴʥ
ڻý֮УʥʵСʥ磬ôɷһŵĶ֣
ɷһŽ˼ƣͰЩڵʥ˸ˡ
ʱҶҲڣȳʣµİʮǿ˵ĳԱ
ǰ𣿡ҶſɷһŻʱʵ
ɷһЦ˶ѪǸڵ⣬Ѿˡ
ˣʣµѾΪ塣Ҷŵͷ
ȥһ𣿡ɷһʵ
Ҷҡͷˣ׶ڣĸҷһڣ޷Ϣǻڵӣ϶ܹϢһǷܲ˻Ӧ϶Ѫ̵ġ
СӻǽǶǷʲôɷһŷŰ˵
ҶЦҲϾһʥķҲס
𣿡ɷһƲ˵⻰һţ˵ҾͲˣһοץ˰˸ʥСڻȱʥ
ȻȱԺűʵԽǿǷҪʵǾҪɸķҪʥɲ˷ѡҶһ˵
ɷһһʥֱ
뵽ҶǳŹһƿûУֻҪʱ㹻ȷʥ硣
Ľ


ҶĺոյִﱱĶǣڻ濴ڱϢ
ЩȣؿҶģҶСѻɽ֮ƣѪ̶ˣˡ
ǺǣǰˡҶ΢΢һЦ
յҶŴϢˣ˷ڱٴϣѾһʱˡ
ҶСѣ۶ѾˣҾһˣпġ漴뿪ˡ
Զ𡢱սһ㣬磬ˣҲѾҶӭ
˴˶ǳˡ
֮⣬˶Щѹ֣Ͼ˵ҶѾĴڡ
ҶĴһЩ飬úࡣ
ҶЦ˵˵㻹ǺҵĿأٺ٣ǺҵĿ䶼ʥˣƶ󡣡
ҶݸһЦںҵλеӡ󣬵չмӡ
ǾҶǳ
ҶǳʲôֶΣȻǱλʥ
һ˲õ

Զкܶ߶ڹ
ϾҶǳִﱱ۶飬Ѿܵ½ĹעȻҲС
Ҷ֣ȥǶɣЩһۣ漴Ҷ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ漴ȥ
ɴʥˣڱҲеλ۶ĸۡ
սǼ񶼼ľ
ڴһ£Ҷı㿴ʵ𣬾ʲôϸ˵˵ǳ;棬ڻ½𣿡
Ӧòˣҵ˵ǶѾǰһĵطҡͷ
磿
Ҷһ㶣ǵһط


1653 
ôҶǳҲһֱڴ̽ǳ䣬ǼɴʥˣҲλ䡣
ԣѾ²⣬λ棬ҪˣҪ뿪˻½
ֻ˵磬ǵһ˵
磿ʲôطڱһЩǰ𣿡
ҶĲɵÿʵ
ҡҡͷЦ֮ǰʹʥбߵһУû˵硣
֪ҶһԾ
ǿǻ½һʥˣǶ֪ʲôطǾֻ˵粻Ƭ档
ѵڻ磿
ܣ
ҶĲҡͷǳ;Ȼ缸ǧ½缸ǧܸʲôܲܳʥһ
ʥˣҲô̵ʱڳɾ
Ҷжʱɻ
״Ц˵һǴȥɣĵط
ҲãҶĵ˵ͷȥȥۿ
£Ҷĺ뿪ĵ۶ǰһƫԶĵط
˺ѿռһǰͣ
˵Ϊ˱˵أҲ󷨡
Ҷĵͷ漴
һªĶǳ򵥣ֻһЩʯʯΣλ浱ڻ½ǳ͵
ʵϣ츳ûΪҲֻǿ̤С硣
Ϊڻ½ҲֻǿԱѣҪеѶȡ
ǳ;ķǳ½Ϊ츳ԭֻΪɢޣһֱڵ͵
Ա˵ΪˣʶǣôãûǵϢ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ漴ô˴˵صģ
ԹЦƱɣоһɢޣʶǳ;ģԸ֪Ҵ˵ء
ҶݸһЦȱ־Ҳƾ͵ûϾ½̫ˣҪȥȣȵ
̸֮ʣѾ붴
Ӧǳ;չصĵط
ҶĿһӰ󷨣ǳ;ʲôҪ
ƺܿġ
Ͼǳ;ɲʶҶǳ֪ĺ󱲡
ǳ;սѣӦ֪½Բ󷨡
ǵЩطף㻹Լɡ˵գǰ󷨡
ʱõӰҶĵǰ
һĸߴ󣬴źɫĳۣ沼ǳ۾һӳǳֲϡ
һݸ㣬£һֲŭƣһ֪λִɱȨҲܲ
Ҷ֪˱ǳ;档
ʱǳȿ˵˵زκαֻһЩյĺѣ˲Ⱥѣ벻Ҫƻ󣬶л
˵֮󣬾㿪˵𣬱֪˭ˣһˣȹϲҲ˻½ϧȲһսˡ
Աߵԣ̾˿
˲սǧ꣬˴˸Ȼǳ
ֻ˵ģûֻȥ˵磬һ˵б̫ۿٵĵط
ԱߵǳЦ˵ǺܾȣǸȵǵݡΪǶû뵽ǾȻ̫۵ĵϵ
Ҷԣ͵صɴ۾Щŵؿ
̯̯֣ЦңҲǵһ˵˭֪滹Ǽ٣ӦûҪƭҡ
ΪսѣӦûǳ;ġ
ǣǳ;Ļ̫ˣֱš
ΪǾȻǵ۵ĺ
ôܣ
˭ҲŰ
ͺñȣңԶս½˵ҶǳĺҲû˻š
Ϊڴʱս½ҶǳѾΪͬһĴ˵ˡ
ǿ϶𾪣᲻ţ԰ɣ
ǰЦЦ˵Ҳ𾪣Ѿָǰļ䣬Ҳ˽һС
ǳ˵ǰͲ˵ˣҲûйϵڴԣҲϣǲҪǣǻڵúܺá
̾Ϣֻǿϧȿ֮ʱˣ𣬱ء
˵꣬Ӱʧˡ
ǳ˵ǰ⿪һɻɣ㲻һֱܺϵ澵Ǹʲôõܹ濴ǰһЩϢʵǵڿٵص͸ǵİ鱦ֻҪǽǰ硣
˵꣬ǳӰҲʧˡ
ڣʱָ˰
ȻҶĵģȴһƬ
Ϊǳᵽ澵ӣԿǰһЩϢľӡ
澵ӣҲа


1654 ǰ
ԭҲǵ۵ĵϵ
ԭ澵ӵôǴǰ硣
ô˵ھ濴ʮˣңǳ;ˡ
ҵǰڵΪλ澵ӳճһ

Ҷվڶڣþ
ǳ;⿪˺ܶɻ󣬵Ҳ˺ܶɻ
ҶҾȻǵ۵ĺ
ңǵ۵ĵϵ
ҪǴ˳ȥ½ǻ磬Ҫڡ
Ҷ֣𿴵ҶһԷɵýл
ҶĻع˵߰ɣˣҲǽͷ֮󡣡
ţȻ֪ʲôطǼȻܹڴԣǾ˵ǰȫģϣڵܹÿġ˵ͷһף
ҶЩ૵ǻǻؼˣǰļˡ
ؼң¶ɻ
ҶЦЦ߰ɣи˵ĻԵֻҪףǾˡ
˵꣬뿪˶
ҡҡͷҲȥ
漴ص۶

ʥ⣬ëһŷڴ˵أΪҪ洫ϢȻȥҶǳ
ֻǽ죬ҶﴫϢëһŷˡ
Сǵ۵ĵϵ
ҵ죡
ţɣ̫۶ʲôʱˣôܻս½Сطº
쵰ñүˢɣ

ëһŷһţʵϢ̫ˡ
ֻϢҶĴģֲòš
οҶ˵аۣҶǳ澵ӣҲ
濴Լǰ
ˣͷȥɡëһŷҡҡͷתʥڷȥ
ܿ죬ʥڱչصҶǳ𣬾ʹëһŷ֪һС
ΪЩëû߱ˣڳֻҶǳˡ
ǰëһŷҶǳʵȷЩﶼҶĸģ
İɣү֪Щһֶûʡ¡ëƲ
Ҷǳһ漴Լʥ棬óǿض澵ӡ
ëҲش˹Դ¶ھʱʱӳճǰɽһݵĻ档
棬ҲտëҶǳ
ɫľ棬ڶҶǳʱ򣬶ʱɢĹΡ
һ̣һɫһɫھϾ漴¶һֵĻ档
Щ浱УҶǳһƬ嫵ĺڰǿգǿյϷһƵƥʱճӣʱճӵ棬ʮվ֮ϣűһʹ飬һᡣ
ôʱճӰʱճӣСٻĳ𣿡ëŻеʱճӣʵ
ҶǳѣȻҲʱһģҵıϾûгʥֻгʥˣٻôʱճӡ
𵱳ս½һοĳ棬Ѿܹˡ
٣Ƕܿó⻭еʮ˵ʵǿС൱
ǰҲǿүΪǰʲôأҲһСѡëƲ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ˵ǰȷǿԱǵս½ʱСʵֲ̫ˡ
ûëҶǳϸŻеʮˣ֮ǰѾë￴ǳ;ģ
˿̣ҶǳȻʮ֮Уҵǳ;档
ңǳƺϵת֮ǰļƺʲô
СӣҪҪ澵ӣȥתתëٺЦ
Ҷǳҡͷҿɲȥ磡
ȥ磬ܹڣõӴԴδɾ͸ߡ
ǰڻ֪ȥ˵Ժ󣬻ܲٻػˡ
˵½ôѣҲ뿪
СӣȻ㲻׼ȥ磬ǲٵ澵ӡ
ëͻȻ˵ҶСҲ˵ˣ澵ǵۿٵ󣬲ŸǲġʱԵ۵ΪƳĶҲǿɣӦ㹻СӽʥĲˣСҲܹ˶ʥ
Ҷǳ۾һ
԰⾵ǵƵģ϶ǿ
Ҫʥ͵ҪǿĲϣԼʥ֮С
ˣʥͻﵽʥΣҲܹʥ
ⲻʥǾʥʱΪ˫ʥʵԲһһڶô򵥡
ңڰʥ۷ѹô꣬Ҫﵽʥˣĸޱι̣һʥԲֹСʥʥֱӳɹʥҲпܡ
ҶǳʱĶˡ


1655 
ҶǳΪڰʥƿѾкܶˣԽԽǿΪ޷
ԭ򣬱ɴΣֻ񼶲ϸǿһεĲϣʥΡ
ˣܳʥ
ҶǳԭΪԼڻ½ǲܳʥˣֻһϾڻ½Ҳ񼶸ߵȼĲˡ
ľӣȴϣ
ɵƵľӣ϶ǿһ뵽ʥ϶ܹʥʥΡ
ֻҪݻ澵ӡ
ҶǳƬ̣漴Ŀᶨ˵Ҳ׼ȥ磬ϾҺ;桢ǳǲһǾǰʮļ䣬ڵǣңҿûоǰļ䣬Уֻнûǰ
˵Ҳ֣ĺǳλС;ǰļ䣬Ϊ㶼ʥˣôûоǰļ䣿ëһԺʵ
Ҷǳҡͷô֪
ȴ뵽˵ͻʮ˲ͬȥһ˵תվиıʲô
ûм룬Ҷǳ۳𣬿ʼеɫӣʥ֮С
ëˣҲͲٴ뿪˴˵ء
֮УɫľڻڻڻĲ֣ҶǳٿţʥǱߡ
ʥƶһɫӵĲϣ˷ܵâԽԽʢˡ
ҶǳһʱЦɫӵĲϷǳ߼ȻѾ񼶲ϵʥôˡ
ҲϾǵƵıǵƣҲܲ
ο澵ӵʱ򣬿϶ڻ磬Ǹ߲ελ档
ԣ澵ӵĲϣ϶Ȼ½ĲҪ߼ˡ
ʥȸ߼ϵʱȻǳ˷ܣΪܹĵȼ
ͣ
ɫӳʥ֮УʥĽâԽ貣ԭɫĽ˿תɫ͸֮ǰľһ
Ҷǳɫ񽣣зǳϲѽɱ֮ԵøӾƯˡ
¡¡
ڴʱ䷢ˡ
ҶǳǰռͻȻѿһɫĴźȻˣҴŻǳģ͸һɲͬڻ½λİϢ
Ҷǳǰһ̽ʹɫڸܵһ磬һԵΪ硣
˲䣬Ҷǳ顣
֪ɫűͨ硣
ǳΪӣŴɫǰġ
ȻһҶǳԺ
·ԽģңԶĻʱɹʱճӣƵڹŽδ֮С
ǳӭ
ܼ򵥣ȴ͸¶һĨο
ƺǶҶǳ͡
ҶǳһЩɣѵǵۣ
ʱЩ̫ۣ޵еΰڰ
˵ʵ֪Լܿǵ۵ĺҶǳʵҲЩԺ
¡¡
ͻȻǰɫſʼð·Ҫʧˡ
֮
ȥ
ڴߴҶǳо
ȥ磬عҶҡ
Ǽڻ½
ҶǳûпǶãҡͷˡԸڻ½
ϣҶǳ͸ᶨ֮ɫɫʥ߶ռǰɫȥ
ף
ƺܵҶǳռ֮͸һľȡ
漴۾ϲȻռ֮Ҳ
ԽԽ쳹ʥ档
ԶëɷǶˣ׷׳ҶǳϹ
ڴʱҶǳǰɫŻɫĴ֣գʥ֮ϣӳճһƬõĹâ
һ̣ʥڵߣЩռеħǣȫͷϿյɫĴ֡Ҳ
ʲôһλħʥֻ貵⣬ڴɫʱ˲
ͬʱͬһк£·ħѨ
λħʥҲǲҽһûֵؽеǵۣ̫ۣ
Χħԣ𺳡
ۣǿǴ˵еĴڡ
ħħۣǱնɱ
ˣҲΪ׷ɱֻܶⰵյʥйӲд

Ҷǳ֪ǣͷϵɫ֣ӳʥϿգӳ½Ͽա
һգ½߶̧͸¶𺳵ؿͷϿɫĴ֡
Ҳ
һգһչضʥҲ׷߳˶̧ͷ֮ɫĴ֣¶֮ɫ
˵ֶΣʥܹչ֣
Ī˳ɾˣ
Ǻηʥ

ʥǶɻѣͱˡ
½ߣھ֮С


ʮž 


1656 ҹʥ
Ҷĺոյִ۶ã㿴гֵɫ֡
Ƿʲô飿ͨɲһΪ졣
ҶҲüͷΪʥʱ֪֪ⶫŪġ
һ̣ҶϲͲš
ΪԼƿɶˣֻҪԸ⣬ܹʱ̤ʥ硣
ô£
߷ʥôΪ練Ҫһɹʥˣ
ѵɹʥˣ
ôܣҵ񼶲ϸ߼Ĳϣ

Ҷһɻ
֪ܿ
ʵϣ֮ʹëһŷ֪һС
ҲãһҾ˫ʥʵһ¥
Ҷ΢΢һЦսΪѹڴʥ۷壬ûмͻƵʥ硣
ϾǱ۶һͻƹʥ̫ˡ
οһ޴ĵƣڹؼʱͻơ
ٵһʱ䣬ȱҲ̤ʥ磬ʱһͻơ
ʱ⿿ʵͿȹʥ۷壬Ժʥ
ϻýˣôԿվĸ֣֮һսˡ
Ҷ붼ú𺳡
һתۣһܹվӿˡ
Ǳӵл򣬿¶ܿʥˡ
ԣֻ߷һó̹սǷܿʥˡ
Ҷ뵽ս
ͨʵͬ˲ãٻһε̹ս
Ƿӵйʥ۷ʵôٻ̹ӵʥڵս
ҶǳоŸ൱ʥڣ
ңҶǳҲܹʥǾʥڡ
ҶĶʱ࣬ʵۻ½˭в
Ĵ̺ʥв
Ҷǳֲɵӣվȵ˴Ҫӣ˭׷ϣ
Ҷ֪Ҫ˶ã½Ҳû˿вˡ

֮ء
һ޴ļ̳ϣŸҴʥķѸٰžŵ⻪˻Ҵʥ֮С
һ̣Ҵʥ͵۾һǿϢϯȥ֮Ƕһ
ôˣڳɹˣ
Ҵʥڼ̳վ֮ɫ
ӦýҹʥˣѾӴʥ۷˹ʥ硣
һɾ͹ʥšתһȻͬ죬ʮ칬߹
Ҵʥ̾
ŹҲôɾ͹ʥ
Ѿɾ͹ʥʮ칬ܹõħʥ²ҾܼͨתһѸΪ
ҹʥ뵽
ǹʥڣŸʥڵķȻźһһ̤ʥڡ
ɱԼͻƵʥڿˡ
Ҫ㹻Ĺʥ²׼С
ֻǣûҶǳʵ޷ץʥ
ԣֻѡʮ칬Ϊ֪ʮ칬вٱӡħʥǿǰ׼ģԼץɶˡ
£ҹʥͳŵµʮ칬ȥ
ǰ˵̤ʥ磬ȥҶǳѩޡ
ѾѡԵˡ
ЦҶǳڵһ߷ܴʥȥ˱ǲ
˶Ҷǳˣˣ֪ҶҶǳķҴʥɲǰ׳գȻֻ֪ҶǳķȻҶǳôеô
ҲãСӼֵ췭ظҰʮ칬һ죬Ҫʮ칬ĻԻ͡
ҹʥ뵽
Ȼڴʱҹʥ͵ɫһ䡣
ΪӦ֮УǿϢȻĻ֮Ͽա
Ϣ֮ǿľоĹʥҪֲ
⡭ʥ
˵ظʲô
ҹʥľɲΪͻȻֵʥֻ·˵ء
ԷվͷϿգǿ޹˼ɵ̽Ӷ
ףҴʥȻ̤˹ʥ硣
˱Ȼ緢ʮ칬еõʲô
ǿûҹʥôֱӽ̸š
ҹʥԷԼϣûмɵ
ֻǵ̸λʥ֪ʮ칬
ôܣô֪ʮ칬
ҹʥгɻ
ܿ죬Ժо͸һӰ
ǾҶǳ
ô꣬һֱֵ͵չزûг¡
ֻҶǳ֪ʮ칬ҲֻҶǳпй¶ʮ칬Ϣ
ȻѾҶǳˣ˭֪ҶǳǲǻбֶĹԵԼ
ҶǳҲŹġ
ҹʥҶʮ칬֮С
Ϣʱʧڻ֮ǵ
ͬʱֻ޴ƣŻҹʥԭȴõطץϧ˸ա


1657 ʮ칬
ˣ
ȻԲüɽʮ칬ǵʮ칬

֮Ͽգ̤ն
˸ղų֣ûüץסҹʥ
ϾҹʥѾΪʥʲôϡ
ʥҪɱʥҲҪһֶΡ
־
οҹʥɽʮ칬һ˲롣
λʥֵ̫ˡ
λҹʥȻʮ칬ѹЩһֱຮ֮رչأɢô
һп
ߵǸϽְɣ￿ǱǸˣǾͱɵõʮ칬ˡ
ã˵ͷ
漴λʥһ֣ʩչͨŵʮ칬ȥ
Ҫʮ칬Ȼ֮ȡ
Ȼʮ칬ǳʥϾʧȥˣλʥܹ֮ȡʮ칬
¡¡
λʥַǳ֮֮仯ΪɻңڵߣԲ
Ȼվڸ߿еһ޶ԣͺڿһȺȥһ
˭Ϊһϣͻͷ
УЩߣһȺϡ
ǻ½Ĳпᣬʲôڳڰпܻ콵
СԭӦκ硣
½ǽǿʳ˼¡
¡¡
ڻ֮Ǳݻ֮涼ˣһһĺΰʱӵص׳ڻ֮ǵķϿա
һʮףƻֺꡣ
һһӺΰĹȺйһ㣬ׯ£Ʋ
䣡
ʮ칬ĳ֣һƣΧʯ÷ɳȥ
ʮ칬Ļ󣬸ǳſգһУȫ赲档
ƺʱͿռ䣬޷͸󷨣ʮ칬ڡ
һʮ칬û뵽ôȥֺܼΰĹˡһ̾
ߵʮԭŽ񾳽ϣϧ̫ߵˣҲֲĴֶ̺Ըǡ
ˣ̫󣬿϶ѾעˣϽ֮ȡɣ
˵գ˫ֺʮʱһ޴ġeַ˳ȥ˸۶Ŀ
ȻƬڴʮ칬Ļ󣬶ʱɢ
ǽɫġe֣Ҳ֮飬ǹ⣬ʧ֮С
ɫһ䣬Щŵôܣһʥʮ칬Ҳֵܵסҵķӡ
վҪǿߴ߶ܱǿ
ʧȥ˵ҲûжܣסʥŶԡ
ǰʮ칬ȴǵסķӡ

̫ˣһâңһħһ˫ֱۣǰʮ칬̽ȥ
ȻһΣʮ칬ĻķӦӼң󷨹â貣񽣼ʱͽһ˫ֱ۸նˡ

ҽţ˲ϵˣָǰʮ칬ŭȵʥôǿ϶ʥ㵽˭ѵʮ֮˴𣿡
ʲô𾪡
ʮѵ˻ţ
Ǵ¼½Ҫ䶯
Ĵ̺Ŵ˯ȡ
Ͼһλǿʥţ˭޷ġ
ã˸Ϲˣ
ڴʱɫ΢΢һ䣬
ǱСӸˣˣʮ칬޷ȡ
ô˵ҶСѱϾŴʥ磬ܿʮ칬ʵҡͷ
Щ޺޵˵Ϊһòʮ칬λʥȴҪСӳ֣Ѫ̣ʽ̫ˡУҪȥһйͷ֮ޡ
侲㣬ҶСѸǱ׵ʱ򣬿û֤Ǳһܹõʮ칬ֻǽʮ칬ĵص㣬ܵõʮ칬ɹֲ
俴һߵ֪㿴ǸŽҶǳҲ֣ҲᱻѪնɱ
Ǿ˳ȻûҪѪ̲ġ˵
仰侲ٽҪȥɱҶǳˡ
ȻʱǱ߼ٸϹļǿϢҲǲò̸ֹͣۡ
ݣ
վӵһϵ˵أǰʮ칬ɵȻʮ칬ˣ
Щڹʥ۷ܾˣʮ칬ͬ죬ܹҵͻƵ
ߣʮ칬ʮʥɵģǵõһʵҲǿһЩ
Ҫ֪ϡȱġ
ΪЧзйˣѹȵȣһоС


1658 ̽
վӣٶȵͦ죬ʥûˡ
ǰͻȻֵĿվӣɵһ
վʱɵЦԭǱҵǺܺ棬λôˡ
ߣǻ֮أɲ˵
վ¶Цѻ֮ءͱһϣôͻ֮֮͸һ
ôԶĸϹȻ֪ʮ칬ϧãƺûüȡʮ칬
վӶʱ¶֮ɫԸλʥ϶Ըˣֻһʱ䣬аյġ
ο̸ʱʥѾϹˡ
ʮ칬ǾӦ
˷ǳԵ˻ûѾҪռʮ칬ȨǳǿӲ
£һ߸ߴΰӰӱĿռ̤֮˳
ʱƬ֮䣬ͳһɿ֮ò񷶼𶯡
һڷīӣɫۣ˫֣һɰԾµİ̬

ˣʱɫһ䣬иֳǰδе֮ɫ
ɴ˿ɼ˵ʵжôǿλʥǳɵ
վӼߵ£һԣվӶ԰
˿վһۣҡͷߵѾΪȥֻ
ߵԶУվӳ˵
̾˿ȴһĨοֻɨʱĿʱָ˰Ծһе̬ܵĵҲǴкǾǱ𣿡
ԣʱЦˣղŻ˵ֱӱĵˡ
Ƣãס
һԵ̲ס֮ʲôʱΪˣô֪
㲻֪ªţ˫֣һм˵
ѪɫҲϻʮ칬ȷֵģǾǡ
ӮңǾ㡣ֱ˵һİ
һͣɫҪĻɲǰĶ֡
Ҫ֪һ߻ӣλĹϴڡ
õĻôʱϵˣǰˡ
󣬰жô
ţһȭһŴģ½ʥսûһҲƽ֡
һ޵еʥҲһɵ
ݣ
˫ϾԳֵʱһλʥϹˡ
ʱ
λڱչ֮е½ʥصظϹˣɼʮ칬жôˡ
֣ˡʱɨڳһۣʱЦ
Ƴʱһۣߵһ˹ˣ
˵ˣھ㹻ˡʱά
ߵе
Զһۣ˶ЩΡ
˿Ѿ֪ʮ칬ѾˣϹʥԽԽࡣ
Ȼ
ûãĴ̺ʥϹ
һЩǿĹʥԶš
ʮ칬Ϣʱ½
ܶͼ߲֪ʮ칬Ϣֱھ֮󣬲׵ʮ칬жôǿ
һԻ͵ǿʥأһ½


ҶҲڵһʱյϢɫг֮ɫ
ʵʮ칬ǿҲֻʥӦܹסλʥȡǡ
Ҷоһ
ѡ߱ʮ칬䣬ҲҪ̽һʮ칬
ɷǾͲ²⣬ʮ칬ʮпûǾͬһˡ
ԣҶĲҪ̽һ¡
㿴ɷǲ²ġ
Ϊʮ칬ֵܵסλʥȡ
һλʥڲٿأôʮ칬ǿ󣬾ٶλʥûá
ʮ֣ʥ޷ʮ칬
ʮĳʥѾӽˡ
֪һΣʮ칬λ᲻¶
Ҷİ뵽
ãʮ칬һ»½ǿߵĿ⣬ʡ춢Լ
ǸѪ̣϶ʮ칬ɳλʥҲûԼˡ
ʱ䣬𽫻Ҳʥ硣


1659 ľ
ʮ칬ȻˣҶĲûмŸϻҪڱȴ𽫻ʥ磬ٸϻ
Ϊû㹻ʵûʸʮ칬顣
ңƲȷĻʮ칬Ӧ֮޷ᡣ
ЩʥעҪһ
ȻºҶıӻյϢ˵Ĵ̺һʮλʥ֣޷ʮ칬
ҶɻǣЩʥûΪʮ칬лŵʥǾǻҹʥʥ
Ȼûתһѹûǡʮпܻš
Ǿǻҹʥ緢ʥҹʥʮ칬ĵϵߣȻܹʥ
ڻҹʥΪʲôܹʮ칬ӳôǿķЩʥҲҵһɡ
ǾʥѾ׻Ϊһ壬ҽˣ׼
׼ʥȫһϣ׼ֻ벽֮ңֻҪɹ٣ɱΪ
ԣ׼Ҫʥǿ̫ˣһʥֳ׼һʥˡ
ˣлҹʥʮ칬ȻҲܹסЩʥˡ
ҶյϢʮλʥڼ̸УζԴʮ칬
𿴻ҹʥʮ칬Էסʮλʥֹ
ǣЩʥĴ̺ǻа취ʮ칬ġ
ΪŴ󳬼Уһ
ֻҪһλʥֳԿԴʮ칬
⡣
һǵĴ߶ʮ칬޷ٽΪʧʹˡ
ϾһļֵԶԶʮʥһټʥ
ڶ˭ҳʮ칬
ǵʮ칬ȥô죿
Ѫ̳ʮ칬ֱѪ̸ô죿
Ŵ˴˶ı˴ˡ
˵͸ˡ
ʱ򣬾Ÿʥֳžżһ½Ҫ顣
ֻ£ʮ칬Ҳᱻݻ١
οŸʥҪǴ˻ɱǾ൱ھŴ󳬼սˡ
ʱ򣬲˭󣬶ǾŰܾ˵ĳ档
ͬھ
ǾŴԸеͽܵĺ󹬡
ˣʮʥȥ˺ü꣬û
Ȼ˵ʱҲһգ۶ѡ

ǻһʱ̸У
Ҷĵʮ칬飬ȥ۵ȥˡ
۵ľ
ȻҶǳڵľѾﵽ˵߲ΣҲѾﵽ˵۷壬һҲǰ벽֮ң
οҶǳľʱ򣬻ѧϰģҲѧϰƺľ
˵ľǴ
ãõһ걦ʯľ޷ﵽ߲Σ޷
ɴ˿ɼľ棬Ź˵츳½Ƕһġ
ҶǳľѾڵ߲Σ޷
ˣҶ뿴ʲô⡣
߲Σ
Ҷĵļ֮󣬳ҶԵ߲εһ磬ʵϣϻ˻ý磬һ硣
Ҷĵ˵ͷľߴΣѾ档
ֱֹˮʯɽ絶桢ħĺһ硣
Щ꣬Ҷǳһ߹ߴε⣬ҲԽԽ̡
̧ͷҶĳʵǶڵڰ˲Σ
˵йһЩ㣬ڼʶĻý֮Ҷľһ׶Σ˸ʶ
ָ̣Ҷ֣ص
ЦŰ˰֣ҶǳĹϵȻ䡣
οҶǳľһպҶǳһԼǷȷ
Ͼ߲ζûдﵽⳬԽ˵߲ΣǾֻҶǳȥˡ
ʱҶǳҲὫĵøҲа
£ͶҶ˵Ļý֮Ҿľһ׶Σɻñ棡
ɻñ棿ҶüҵĻý磬ѾԱ仯ʵĶһýйʵڣԸ˺ǰֵľ˺
ҡͷ˵ɻñ棬ָʵһ˵ڻý֮дһˣǿԴĻý½Ȼ츳õĻδпܳԽ㡣
ʲôҶԵɴ۾
ɻñ
˰ɡ


1660 Կ
ҶǳڵĻýȻܹݻʵʵ֡ʵҲֻѣ˵ףһ
򵥵˵ûɻý֮ҶǳֻáԸˣھεĹ
˵˺ֻṥ˵ꡣ
Ҷǳɻý֮ġܲٿ֮Ӷγﵽ˵á
Ҷǳڻý۳ʯͷľɽӣգǳȵȡ
ʵģʵɣеɽǳűʵ
ԣҶǳȥý֮ڻý湹壬ȫʧˡ
𣬴һ塭ܰɣ
ҶĿ𣬿Ц
˵ڰ˲εľǾҪΪһ硣
ý磬վõġ
磬͸ǵǰһǳ顣
Щ񾳽磬ܳǰ߲ε硪硣
⡭
ֱ
ҶǳãҲܴһɡ
δزܣ
΢΢Цʥ˵ʥ磬ʵѾ߱ʱգ֮Ի޷壬Ϊǵʥ֮ȱһҪĶ
ʲôҶĲʵ
ɫ˵Ļôֻ꣬Ҫǵʥ֮͡ˣȻݻ﷨ֱɳΪ档
˵еﵽ񾳽֮󣬻᳹һǵʥ緢һı仯
Ҷĳ˵ľôʥ糶˹ϵ
Ц˵һ;ͬ飬˵ʥˣռնᳯһ۵ġԣľյʱʥյһ
ңҲµûĻʥݻΪ棬ôľҲﵽڰ˲Σӵеڶ棬ʹʵǿ
ҶĶʱ۾һˣľҪȥ
ϾЩߣ񾳽磬Ϊݻһ档
ôȻӵʵȻЩӵһǿ
ò˵ľ츳ķǳߣȻڵľ΢ѷɫҶǳ벽ľԺƲ⣬ȴкܶĵá
Ҷǳľ߲κ棬һͷˮҲһ󣬲ջ
һε۵Ҷջܴ׼ʱͰЩݴ

ʱڲ֪š
ʥ۵£ʮꡢҲתۼ
ҶκֻǼ򵥵̸һľʱ䲢ûйȥãֻǹȥ˼ʮѡ
۵֮ȥչˡ
Ȼڵ߲֮Ҷûʲôĵύ𣬵ϾѾ̤˵߲Σڵ߲Σָһ
ľ츳ͺܸߣڵõҶĵָ֮ջܴϾѡչˡ
ʮ칬飬ѹùעϾǶϵƾʵҲûʸЩ
Ҷģڽ۵֮󣬱ϵ¼磬йʮ칬Ϣ
ʮʱ䣬Ĵ̺ˣǲ׼ʮ칬׼ǲʥǿ߽ʮ칬
Ȼʮ칬ǿĻػʮλʥֶơ
ǵ꣬ʮ칬רŽʮ칬ҲҶǳõǱɫС
Ĵ̺ȫ½һɫСϢ
ΪĴ̺ӵһɫСΨһɫС֪δ
ҰĴ̺ڵң
ҶĿϢʱЦ
ûһɫСĴ̺Ҳֻܸɵۿʮ칬κβ
ϾֻмʮɫСܿʮ칬ʥµǿ߽ڡ
ǵŰɣұﵽʥ磬ȥʮ칬תתҲ١
Ҷİ뵽
ʱǲᱩ¶һɫСϢĴ̺вֵ
ﵽʥ磬ʱҲԱıǮȥʮ칬һ̽ˡ
׼÷ȥ̽̽澿ûеġʮ
Ȼܹõʮ칬Ǿٺòˡ
Ͼһ׼Խʥǿ
һо͵ȱ̤ʥˣ
Ҷĵ
ʱ䣬ͻΪʥ磬ӦþͲʮ˰ɡ
ʱ䣬Ҫ˶ñȥˡ
ҶĲɵüڻϢ


1661 ʥ
ʥ档
ϥʱٴڵҶǳ͵˫貵Ľ⣬ʱ䴩ǰա
ͬʱҲ˽ɫƱƽ֮ˮһȫ¶ǽҫâҡ
Сӣϲˣ̤ʥˡԶɷǴЦŷ
ͬʱӦﶯëСǣҲһһ
Ϊ˵ƣֻܷУ˲ơ
˵Ҳֻգۼѡ
ҶСӣɹ𣿡ëͬƽһҶǳɵһеʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦȻɹˣ
˵գվһɫĹâҲɢȥָԭӡ
ǹǿϢ¶ţռ䣬Ƭն
ɷ񾪲Ϊ̤ʥˣʵ֮ǿֱҼĹʥ۷ǿ߻ҪǿһЩ
ëһʱҶǳʵСӣаնԸʥ𣿡
СҲڴؿҶǳ
Ҷǳ˷ۣ˵ûô֪лͻý磬һλʥӦԱˡ
ǾͺãھҲʥˣëԣʱشЦ
ҲЦ˵Сվڻ½۷ˣ͸½һ˲ð
ǲʱˡСһ˷ܵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵ˣϻ˵ˣȽʵȥ
ݣ
ʱҶǳķҶĺҶ⣬߸Ѿϵ˵ء
ɷǵ˷׷ÿ
߸ʱҶǳΧҶǳ״˻֣ʱ߸ӡĹʥ¶ˡ
λѪ̵ĹʥʥʥԼܹʥ
߸ʥһǰİ˸Ҷǳʱɴ۾Ŀɿڴš
ôôҶǳ
Ҷ

⵽ô£

߸ʥסˡ
Ǹ֪תһĴڣ˶ǰһĻˡ
ԭˣԭˣˣıһֱڴ˵أԭһֱ÷ϷŪǡѪ̵һλʥŭصǰİλҶǳ
ʥʱӦˡ
˿̣ǲŻȻԭһֱǡ򽻵ˣֻҶǳķ
Ҳ˵ɱҶǳķҶǳҲûʲôӰ졣
ʼգǸҶǳѾˡ
ôҶǳڲ֮ء
ǸеǣҶǳһܴ谡
ԣĶֻǴʥ۷壬ôǹʥѵǱ𣡡
ͻȻʥָҶǳŵ˵
λʥԣҲҶǳ𣬶ʱͫһ
ȷҶǳľǹʥ磬ȻҲﵽ˹ʥ硣
˫ʥҲֲ̫ˡ
ϲ㣬شȷҾǱ𣡡ҶǳЦؿǰʥ
ĴУǰѾǲһˡ
ңʥѾΪĽϾҪΪˡ
Ϊʲôôô죿ңռ֮ģΪӦò̤ʥŶԡʥҧĵʵ
Ŀ
ҶǳȴøϻЦ˵Ǹҿûش⣬ͺúðʵɡ
˵գҶǳ𣬽ڳ߸ʥ
Χߴ򲻶λʥǵΪѸٱǿ
ңһΣҶǳߴֻڱǿǵΪҲԾ˹ʥ硣
ͬ˫ʥ߸ʵҲ֮ǰǿࡣ
ԭˣѹһֱǡʥߵؿЦһףԼֻҶǳϡ
侹˹˵Ͼ߸ʥķѪҪùˡʥȻЦЩֻ
ĸѪ̵Ĺʥɫѿޱȣޱȵǡ
ǰѪ̣ûҶǳʥ
ڣѪ̽Ҫ԰˸ʥҶǳ
ң˫ʥҶǳǱ𣬻Ƿʵȹʥ۷塣
ʵѪ̣еޱͷۡ
Ѿǽ֮ˣھ㵣Ҳûʲôˡ
һѪ̵ĹʥҶǳŭȵҶǳ˵̫ˣѪӵ󷨣ǿҲвѪ̡
ҽ֮󣬱̤ƽѪ̡Ҷǳ˵
ĸѪ̵Ĺʥʱһ͡
ʱŷӦҶǳ츳ǿ󣬽ٶ죬û׼δĿԳɾ
һռ֮ɾô½˭ֵܵ
ĸѪ̵Ĺʥھ֮Ϊޡ


1662 ׼ȥ
ĸѪ̵Ĺʥܹʥ֧Ųסˡ
ʱҶǳ׷׽ʥ硣
ʥʥڻпǰҶǳ̤ʥ磬пЦ
⵽ǵʲô
֪Ҷǳô̬ҲҸҶǳ
ϧǧ֪
Һ񿴵Ѫ̵ĩգʥ૵
Ѫ̸ᣬҲĲԩʥһ̾
漴˻Ϊޡ
Ҷǳʱһ˫˫ʥ硣
һʱ䣬ʥǿϢռ䣬ò̵ĵǾѡ
֪طҶǳıչ֮أԲġ
Сӣʲô㣿չ𣿡ɷǿҶǳʵ
ҶǳҡͷʱչˣȳȥתתһЩ顣
ʵղѾˣҪѻ%80ﵽʥ磬Ҫꡣ
⻹ʱٴڣ򱶵ʱ٣棬Ҫʱһ֡
ʱ䣬Ҷǳ˵ҲǷǳˡ
ԣʱҲűչˣʱ䣬ȥתƼʮ꣬ʲô˷ѡ
Ҫǣܽ%80Ҫ%100ɾ񣬵õ£
ˣҶǳһʱһţΪ
֮ǰΪ޷ʥֻ
ΪѾ˹ʥ磬ôŬһ£лΪ̤ʥ硣
ͬʵ
ҪǣΪﵽʥ磬ʱյ϶ﵽһɲĵزԽʱҲǲܡ
ʱܸʱٴʱٴļһ¥
ʱٱչ壬Ȼ°빦
ͽĥ󿳲񹤡
ǰ磬ҾȳȥˣһҶһҶҶˣڣһʧ
Ҷǳ漴ɷǣë˵
ɷǲ⣬涼зʲô飬Ƕܴ
Ҷǳ󣬱ʣµĸ뿪ʥ档
̤ʥʱҶǳҶҶ˵Ǵһʥ²ȥҶġ
ȥ֮Ҷǳٽһʥ²ҶߺҶˣȥҶš
Ҫ߷Ҳ̤ʥ硣
ǴѳɣҶĺҶŶ̤ʥ֮󣬾Ϳıһʮ칬ˡ
ˣܲȥץԪǽʥ硣

ĸȥ֮ҶǳҲ̤գȥ
ͬʱԶڱ۶ҶģɷһŴһҶţյҶǳϢ
ʱ˼ѡ

۶
Ҷ˷ܵã̤ʥˣǾŴҲǹʥˣһ˫ʥʵ֮ǿȼʥ۷ǿߡ
Ҷķǳӵпȹʥ۷ʵֻҪһ𣬾ʩչ̹ս󣬴Ӷٻʥڵ̹С
ҶǳҶߡҶȥҶţҶ塢ҶȥҶģĿġ
һ飬һܹʥ
Ƭ½Աˡ
ҶǳҲʥս
ѳɣѳɰԺҿ˭вң
ҶĴЦһסȥ
ڱչأڻԣΪ׼ˡ
Ȼʵʮ칬ôȻ
Ҷǳˡ
Ҫ뿪𣿡
һΪҪһֱڴ˵ء
Ѫ̵ĵ𣿡
˵Ѫ̵ĵڻ֮ء

Ҷ뿪۶ʱ򣬰ǿ߶Ӧˣɵ۷׷ס
Ҷ뿪ϢҲܿʹѪ̡
βϧһдۣҲҪնɱ
Ѫ̣Ѫ̽ѪĮ
ܿ죬½䶯ˡ
ѪΪɱҶǳȻһԳλʥ
ʣһΣѪҪˡ
ͬʱҲѪͷųźţ˭ٸһҶǳǱѪΪУѪ̽ϧʥս
λʥǿң
ͬʱҶѾҶ塢Ҷǻˣһʥ²
֪ѪɳλʥҶЦ
ʱѪλʥ鷳ˡ
˹ʥ̤ʥ֮Ҷı㴫ѶϢʱ
ʥҲȲ㡣ʱûػص
ڶЩҶǳˣһʵ̫鷳ˣϴһλʥȴλʥˡ
ô꣬ûҶǳôܹ鷳ˡ


1663 Ƽʻ
۶ʱյҶĵϢôӵۡ
ѪɳλʥȥˣⲻҪ
ңεѪǰһҪɱҶǳѾųϧһд۵źš
ʱ˭ǾԻᱻѪ̺ݺݴġ
ʱȻϾŸո̤ʥ磬ôֵܵλʥĹ
ʱ򣬱˵ҶǳˣΣա
СӣรɣҿɾȲ㡣ʱѶ
ȻûҶǳİ˱𣬵Ǳ˳ܱԼСҪǿ
ʱֲɵȥʥְ׳飬Ųȥ
СӣҲʶһˣһ¹ڣġʱűķ򣬵Ц
ʱҶڻϸʱѶˡ
ǰȱžֲܾһ˶ԶԸѪ̵λʥֻҪǣסһλʥˡҶ˵
ʱԣɵüͷһСѵʲô֣
֮ǰһΣб֣űƵѪ̵ĵòȥ
ʱţҶǳԿѪ̣ҶǳǱʵ˽ӻࡣ
ֻȻܣ
ٺ٣ϾͲöˣʱֻҪǣסһλʥˣҲУʱȥҾԲġҶЦ˵
ʱԳ˼Ƭ̣ԾҶǳȻԹۣϾҶǳţܰȡ
£ʱͷãҾٰһΣպҵΪѾҪȹסˣεȥ𡣡
˷ʱˣϾҶǳı죬˭֪ʲôʱᱻѪ̸ɱ˵
ʱҶǳǻ͸ûϵˡ
ǺãҾ͵ǰĺϢˡҶ˵գص硣
ǰҶҶҶйâһЦ߰ɣȥһѪ̵λʥ
ս֮󣬱ҪˡҶЦ˵
ҶüҪ¶ҾӦüطĴڣϻǺܺ𣿡
˭˵Ҫ¶ˣҶһЦ˵ʱҪǶֻ֣Ҫҵʥˣ˻ǡ
˹һ꣬ҶĻһ䣬Ҷе뷨㱻ҶҶ֪ˣ˶ʱȻ
ҶĽҶҶսʥ㻯һâʧԭء

߽
˿̿νǷƼʻᣬ½ǿߣۼڴ˵ء
ΪѪ̵λʥѾڱգǴӱڳˣӲǵ۾
ôƣνǾ춯أ½߶ڷڡ
Ϊǵӡ֮УѪ̻ûкķôֻۣΪ˻ɱһĴʥ
λʥǺεȵƣҶǳˡԶһλʥǿ߸̾
ΧĹʥǣҲͷͣСҶǳʵλʥֲ̫ˡ
˵ֻǶԸһʥλʥ֣ܶԸһλʥˡ
ʣôܶҶǳأ
ս֣㻹ҶܰȻ𣿡ԶǱߣʥתͷԱߵսʥѯʵ
սʥ۾űǿϢǾѪ̵λʥ

սʥĵ׵һ
ΪϵʥˣλʥĴǿѾá
ûʥʱλʥѾʥˣ˲֪£νǻ½۷
һΣսʥҲұ֤ҶǳܹˣʵѪ̵λʥֲ̫ˡ
뵽սʥɵ̾˿ЦҲ֪Ƿܹܹô˺½ֻҪ˿նɱˡ
ʥһͬص˵ͷЦ˵ҶܹȻ콣ԺԲհС
սʥҲôģҶǳǻܶɹΣǾʹĴѳɣôԺսʥھڲ̣Ҳǲܡ
쿴Ҷǳ
ȻԶһ
˲ɵĿ򱱷ķ򣬶ʱͿҶű⻺
ҶĹɵĺ˫֣ͬͥɢһ㣬ŵϣû˿ӣ·ӱλѪʥΪ
ò˵˺ܾ졣
ҶľԲǰ׳գȻˣΪθ뿪
ѵλʥ
˵λʥæ
ֻǣγʱ⣬˰
⣬ҲɻĿһҶģҶĲԶգ˵ǻҪ𣿡
ԶУʱ¶


1664 
ҶĲԶ֮У˫˫ǿʥϢʱء
⣬λʥϢҲȻǿ벻ԶԳš
һΣѪ̱ɱҶǳ
Ŷ˵
ǳǿӲϾǵλʥһ𣬿ɲپ֡
οűΪҶǳԡ
֮ǰһΣҲ³ԭ
ʮ칬
û˵Ҷǳ֮󣬾ͺܿʮ칬
Ȼʮ칬ҶǳֵģϢ˽ס
Ѫ̣ҲΪʮ칬жġ
Ҷǳ֮ǣ֮زԶʮ칬Ҳпܡ
ֻ񣬱ҶǳĽѾˣôûҪٱҶǳˡ
ϾѪҲǺǵġ
Ȼ
ŵĻ£㵭ЦģֻҪǲǱڶ֣Ǳ㲻¡
һԵ˵ҶǳǱ޹أ
һӻ𣬵ðŵѪ̵ķնҶǳûеõʮ칬νˮһա
ѪҪɱҶǳҪһ٣޲ɱҶǳ
ã
ԣɫʱÿ࣬һЦؿҶģСӣҿ˭㣿
ҶĴ˿̾վڱı߽紦ͣסŲһؿŲԶĵмֽɱҰ
ЦԳԣ
ҳˣֽˡҶͻȻ˱߽磬ܿ˻



ԶһĻǿߣ׷ĿɿڴǱʾûô޳ܡˣʵ̫ˡ
սʥʥҲһ飬ǿҶЩ磬ôҲһλʥ۷ǿߣ½һţҪ
ҶǳֻЦһǿ߷緶ûС
̲סͺȵ
ҶĳʥԸһʥǿ߷緶𣿡
һͣЩԷ
һʥҰһΣڴʱҶĲԶ˵
ͬʱĻ£һǿӿʱͽҶĸ˱߽硣
лˡ۾һʱѸſ磬Ҷ棬ֹٴӻر
һ̣ӳһʥ
ʥҶĵıӰһЦ
㲻ôԱߣü˵
Ҫ뿪һ̣ûֺҲָǱ
̾˿
ʱеҶģתͷؿɱΪʲô
ǵеԷȴڱһš
ߣ
Ҷĵʣֻһûлش
УҶǳҲֻһֻԴһ϶ѣûϡ
οҶǳϾҪˡ
ܺãҼסˣϣ㽫ҪΪľڡҶ˼
мչ㻹н𣿡
ģ֮ҶǳЦ
޴ĵ磬һƬ֡
Ҷվںڰ֮УŶĵߵ󻰲Ҫ˵̫ˣˣѾûɱˡ
ɫһ²һΣɡ
㻹Ƿϻ̫ˣֱǰξΪϻ̫ˡԶ˵һƬѪɫĹâɢž춯صɱ
Զ˿ͫһеޱļ¡
λڻ½ʷܴÿγɱѪɺӣġޡƺţɱġ
ߣҪܣ
ԣɫЩÿһ̽ץҶġ
ʱʥǿ硣
Ǿ޴ƣգһƬ½ѹޱȾס
˵ʥˣǹʥĹ£Ҫ
ȻеҶģȴһ̹Ȼ˫ֱû˿⡣
Цǵʮ㣬ҵҪ˭㡣
ǲ
ԶͻȻһѪɫһ㳯ķǱߵһȥ
ʱһٶѪ̣ΪѪ̲ɱ𣿡
ȵ
һ̣Զըʱмս
ԭʱҶģȴʱֹ֣ˡ
˿һĻʱȷˣһΣҶǳˡ


1665 ˧
ʱʵЩ˵ʵ̫ǿˣĹ£ʱȻܿ͸ˡ
ƳʱһۣؿҶģʱܹˣһ½ʥĶ֣춼ѱ
𣿡ҶĵһЦý˲併٣Χɵôƺߡ
Զʱ̾͸ܵʵ˿
ڻý£ʱǿסˣȻɴ·磬Աˡ
ҶСӣʲôƣϽʹɣֻܰסһˡʱҶĴ
һмؿҶģлýѹƣҲﲻ㡣
˵֮䣬ľ޴ѾѹڿҶͷϿʱȴôҲѹ·ʲô֧סˡ
ʲô
Ҷıķͫ͵һɫʱޱȡ
Ҷĵһ޳Ӱһ֮У˳
һֳ˵ľ޴ƣסҶġ
Ķң˵Цһ㻯һĽ⣬˵
䣡
̧У죬ֲܵĿռ䶼ˡ
˲ͱˡ
Զսˣ׷¶ݡ
˾Ȼӵʥʵ
˭ôʶһλʥɻҲϱʥˣʶʥȴδˡ
Ȼ͵λʥһֻ֣ҪϤʥսʽսʽ֪ˡ
Ҳʶʥֻ࣬ˣǴˡһλʥҲһɻ˵
Զһλϱʥǻ½ֻˣֱ콣Ӧ̵ʥԼħ֮⣬Ӧò˳Ŷԡ
ħ԰ɱһضڰͬħ˿϶ħ
콣һλŮӣ͸˵ˣ϶
ʥһʥҫ۶Ŀͨɫͬͻʹգնǿƥ϶Ҳ
Ǿˣ˭أѵµĽ𣿡

ԶһȺսǿ۷׷ףϲͻȻ֣ҵסǿߡ
ҶҲǵ̸ۣɵЦЩܹ³Ź֡
Ϊ˲ǱˣҶǳı
ڳˣҶǳľΪߣټϻýѹƣû˿ڻý֮пҶǳʵ
ԣ˶ûϳҶǳ
ȻҶǳҲһԼΪֹûʹϤĻ򣬻ռ
ռģĽԸϾռһнȻҲʩչκν
ڳˣҪͨʽϳҶǳעˡ
ˣȻĻеƣ˭ʶ𣿡Զʥ𾪣æѯԱߵսʥ
սʥҡͷҲʶʶĽǿ֮Уʥ۷壬ûд˵Ĵڣ˵λˡ
Ǿˣǻ½Ȼһλֱ漣ʥЩš
ϾܹΪģ϶¡һˣٵ͵Ҳ°ɡ
˵һ˹¶쳵ҲܻΪ
ܵóȥɣһȥʵǾ͵ȻҲᱻ֪ˡ
ǰؽڳˣȴʶ
һΣСˡ
սʥŲԶҶģĿЩӣҲЩҡ
Һãϴվ˶顣
ҶǳǸɢޣȴܹ붯ʥֱ֣һ
˻δ֮磬ȻסˣѪǱ߻һλأʥ˵
սʥ΢΢Ц㿴ҶǸ̹ȻӣѾʮ㣬ôڻܣ
Ҳԣʥ˵ͷ
ԶҶǳס֮ҶĲûߣɱ˫֣վԭƸżһ
Сӣ㻹СˣһλʥɾȲ㡣
̤ն䶢ŶҶġ
ûмڳ֣ΪҲµóҶĿ϶еƣ򲻻ô̹Ȼվǰ
ǻͷ۰ҿû취һλʥҳˣϾʥֲǴײˡҶЦ˵
ߵȻˣ׼ɣ
˵գһͷҶȥ
⸫ͷһʥǿޱȣɢŻ
ҶĿǰϯĻɵЦ㻹Ǹɴ࣬ûеôķϻ
ߵٷϻʲô־ʹɣҵҪǲĻ붯һλʥ
ʥûУ˧磡Ҷ΢΢Ц
һ̣ٴѿͬеǿߣֵֵסľ޸
ˣǸҶߡҶ˺Ҷš
ԶɷһŲ֮УߣһĵȻԼ˧磬СӻǲҪ
ɲҶߡҶˡҶšҶġҶǳ


1666 ңȥ
ҶߡҶˡҶ֮ͬУټϻýѹƣ޷˿塣
ֻоǿϢ𣬱㵲סľ޸
ʥ۷壿
Լһбסûκ⣬ƺԤ֮С
Ҷĵĺֽʥ۷壬ʱЦˣʥ۷壬лýѹƣҲȲ㡣
˵꣬еľ޸ԽԽҪٵһ˺ǰĿռ䡣
ҶļһĻЦǿպλֵҲøͷģ˭ĸͷһЩ
˵ʱҶߡҶ˺ҶѾ̹ս˶ʱҵĹâ漴ںϵһ
һ̣һΰ¶ͷųʥĿֲϢ
𣡡
޴ӰХţ춯أͬһ޸Ŀ޸һ֮£俪蹵ضΪ֮ս
ߣ
һ˵ĸͷһ𣬱ĴըܵĿռ䶼˲顣
漴ɫһ䣬񲻸ŵضŶҶߡҶ˺Ҷˣ𾪵ʥڣǾȻԷӳʥڵսǴ˵е̹սʥصľѧô᣿
һУҲʥصλʩչ˺𾪡
ϾʥѾˣڣʥ˶ûС
̹սҲŹ˵ʩչǳ̣˵λ⣬δ˿ʩչս
ǽ죬ٴμˡ

ҶߡҶ˺ҶŲٿ̹֮ž޸ҵĸҫ۶Ŀǿ𶯡
䣡
ͬӶ޸ӭȥ˫ҲֻǴ˸ƽ֣˭Ҳκβ˭
ɫЩѿʵýɣĻȫԻ̹ս
Ѫ̽ɱҡ
ҶĿһĻʱ˫֣̤գͬͥɢһ㣬Ǳȥ
ŭǶסˣֻҧгݵغݺݵҶġ
ԶսˣȫĿɿڴ
̫ˡ
Ѫ̳λʥǱΪҶǳˣȴû뵽ҶǳȻкֳ֡
ʱ֪Ǻֵλǿߣڳȴûʶ
ʲô
Ҷǳһǿš
˵Ĵ̺֮УһڰгҶǳ
Ҳ²⣬ϾܹôǿҲֻĴˡ
Ϊˣֵĸ˲ŻݣΪľǲѪ̷֡
˲²ϾԴҶǳϵܺá
ңҶǳڻĿ䣬˫ڡ
γ嶯˰ɣ
ڣһԱߵ̾
һԶҶĵıӰмվֻǿѵһҪұ𣬾
Բҡͷ֮ǰѪ̣ʵ̫嶯ˣ¿ǺҶǳˡ
ҶǳչֳôǿѾвʥˡ
Ҷ
Ҷ

ʱҶѾ߽ڣһսĹʥ׷ǰ
ʲôսʥʥʥʥȵȣһЩҶĲʶĹʥȫ̬ȺõĲˣǳ
û취Ҷչֳı̫ǿˣɲǲɵ
ߣҶıʵҲ㹻ƽƽˡ
Ǻǣλþòţɺ״Ưˡ
ҶһһЩʥкûбֳʲôư֮⣬ɵƽ׽ˡ
úܶ˱кøУϾ˱˵ĻͰˡ
СӡСˡ
ԶվӿҶĵӰеһ¶ɵ֮⡣
ڲףԭҶǳı󣬾Ȼһص
ʵ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲЩңǰûжҶĳֻ֣ǽ˶ѡ
ֻһҶǳı¾Ҫˡ
ϾҶǳǹɲܹǵġ
ǻȥ𣿡
⣬ʱһľ˻
Ҷǳ𣬻ҶߡҶ˺ҶˣҲ׷ƿնȥʧ˵
⣬λʥɫضڵҶģŭ졣
ʧˡ
λʥȻʧˡ
ⲻǸеˣҲѪ澡ʧ
λذɣˡԶ͡
ҶЦؿŵ˵
һ飬еɱޱȣ޲ҶĴҡ
Ҷȴǣ˻֣ת֮Ƿȥ
ʱ̤նЦСصĹȻλǿߣˣʩչ̹ս˭Ǹʥʲôϵ𣿡
һΣҶĵĵƣҲˡ


1667 ıʥ
ϾͲҪˣǼȻĿʾˣ˵ǲԸ͸¶ݣҿɲҵǡ
ҶʱѯʣɵЦ
ȻǼװġ
Ͼܸܲʱ˾Լɡ
ʱһЩˣҲûмʣֻǳˣǵҾͲˣСӵøһˣҪ𡣡
׼㱨𣬲Ȼ˭֪´ҶĻŪʲô档
ңһΣѪ˵ᶯԸҶˡ
ʱ򣬾ʱѪɱġ
ʱɲټҶǳۡ
Ǻǣ׼𣿶ˣϻûиңĳ˭أҶЩʵ
޿ɷ棡ʱ˵
ҶԷ˷ۣ֪ʱǹģղŲ͸¶Ҷ˵ݡ
Ҫңʲôʵɣбϣ𣿡Ҷ漴Ц
ģֻʥڣҲᳬʥڡ
ʱ˵Ļý磬Ҽ֣ɱһʥδزܡ
Ǻãʵޣʱ͸ͷŻý磬ʣµľͿˡҶйâһЦ˵
ߣСصΪҾͿʱҶһۣ漴˺ȥ
ҶĿʱȥķתͷ߸Ϲɷһ˵ϼһȻҵΪ
ɷһŴǰһֱԶսȥ֮󣬲ŸҹӽҶġ
ȻѾʱˣ⣬ϾʱڸҶǳԼʲôҶǳ顣
ϼһʱһﵽ˺ܸߵĳɾͣʹûý磬֮޷ǰΪ
ɷһų˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷʱȻ֪
ʵϣܹΪʥģûһߡ
츳ս飬ǶѾﵽ˻½۷塣
Сʲô㣿ʥɱ¾ɲͬڸղŵսϾһʥƼˣԷпܻԱʱС߷ͱסˡɷһſҶʵ
ҶĳȻˣǾֻһˣҲмƻҪ²λʥ
ɷһԵɴ۾Щ˼ضҶģ𾪵Сûзɣ㾹ȻҪ²һʥ˭ķͱҲû
Ҷ¶âЦ˵ˣʱأʱҪɱһλʥ϶뼸İ֡ټǣôӡһʥͲûˡ
ʱҪɱλʥôܻ㣿ɷһžҶΡ
ҶЦ˵ΪԿɹҲûʲôʧһɹٺ٣һʥ൱ڶٸʥʱҾʩչתһ׼ž߷Ϊ˵ܹΪһʥ۷塣
ɷһŶʱ۾һҶģҶǳĴ㡣
ǰҶǳΪڰʥ磬޷ʥֻΪ
ΪֻҪˡ
ΪҶǳûƿķ޷壬ȻҲͲʩչתһֶΣΪ
ڲһˣҶǳѾΪʥˡ
Ȼʥ֮ҪټΪֻܸʱУٶȾͺˡ
Ҫ֪ʱҲǲʱģǾķ£յʥ硣
Ҷǳòʲôʱ
츳ʱߣҲҪܳʱ䡣
תһһ
ž߷뱾𣬾ñΪһλ
λҴʥɴ˽Ϊҹʥġ
ҶǳҲһС
ǹʥڣ˾ž߷֮󣬱ܹﵽʥڡ
ʱ۳ž߹ʥڵķںϣıܴﵽʥڡ
ԴƣֻҪ㹻۷һֱȥ
ֻҪ۹ʥķҪ̫ӴˣٵһλʥС
һҶǳһԾ͵ľŸʥΪԽߣĵĹʥԽࡣ
Ҷǳȥץʮϰٸʥ
һʥֵܵϼʮʥˣҶǳץһʥĴ㡣
ʱæץʥĻᡣ
Ͼ½ʥ౳񣬿Ҷǳڵ޷ץ
ʱǰæҿӻһɢޣ÷ץҪ
ԴҪǱСӸ²һʥСӵΪ˵ʥڣʱ㱾ͷʵԿʥȫ⡣
ɷһ֮󣬶ʱͬҶĵļƻ
ʼҶĳı߻


1668 
һ·ִ֮ǣҶĺɷһѾһļƻʹˡ
ǰҶʱܽˣʲô㣿
ҶĿɷһţʵ
ҶںҶߡҶˣбǴһ׼²ʥȻٽɷһˡ
ɷһҲ⣬Ц˵ʱ䣬ñĳ𶼱ˣֻһѪˣҿûʵԸֻܽСӰæˡҾ֮ǣĺϢ
ҶϲҲã֮ҲͷĶˡ
С½ûٸַ֮ˡɷһЦ˵
һΣҶչֳ˱Ĵǿߣλʥ½
ټ£֮ǣȷû˸ַˡ

ٺɷһ֮Ҷıȥķһ֮ߵĲ̣ëǾ߷Ʒ˳ǡ
ûҵ𣿡
Ҷļķʵ
ͽԴϴγڶûлһϢûУҲЩżˡ
аɵ֪ɻȻ
ûҵǼһﴫһϢ˵ҵһĹʲôʱȥķҡͷ˵
Ҷķ˷ֵۣǼһԼȥܹҵʲôĹҪǲһЩȥ档
ڵʵʥĴĹҲϡ
ʥôܻҲǱ˸ɱģﻹʣʲô
ʵ鶼֮ԻĹشڣǶǺ˴Ϊġ
ˣЩĹı٣ʥˣѵзһʥ
ܡ
һЩͨһ¹ڣˡ
ңʥĴĹǿػҶĿɲΪб½ȥ
ǺãҵʱһЩȥķЦŵ˵ͷ
Ҷĳ̽ɵ䣬һʧôãһϢ϶ʲô⡣
ӦòɣһЩǿ߱չأ꣬ǧ꣬ǶǺġҲ̬ŲҪôʱ䡣ķ˵
Ҷû˵ˣʱ䲹̾ͽˡ
ڵʱ򣬲ҲơķƲ
ǣսҶİ˰֣תȥ
ǵпȥһץԪķҶĵıӰ
ҶĻ˻֣Ѿʧˡ

һΣҶĵ۶
ʱѾȺʱҶĸЦ˵߰ɣ˳ѡ
ҶĶʱȥҲܺú棬֪ʱ˼λʥĸ֡
ϾҪΧɱһʥĻýæҲʥһֲС
뿪۶գܿ죬Ǿ͵ִһط
ҶĸܵǿϢһҲʱһϢʱҪǿࡣ
ҶĶʱһ˿ȥ
һһŮеӢ˧һ񽣣졣ŮĽޱȣתһһЦɢµջ
ҶСѣҸһ£λӦ̵ʥ֮һŶҶСѵλѣǻ½ӦλŶԡ
ʱָӢӣҶЦ˵
Ҷһû뵽ʱȻʥλɲͨʥڵʥʵ֮˿Ϊ߽սǿһЩ
ʥҶСѾͲҸ˰ɡʱתͷʥ˵
ʥЦҶСѵĴѾ½ҵȻ֪
һЩѣǰţ׷󡣡Ҷǫ
ʥ΢΢һЦ漴˵ҶСѣҶλѺܺ棬пհһ¡
λȥҶĵ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪Щǿ߶ϧ
ʱʱָʣŮӣ˵һλɢʥ
Ҷ΢΢ЦҶСѣϣܹȫնɱ
Ҷ¶ɻ֮ɫ
üؿʱûҶСѣ
ʱ˵ûü˵Ҳ٣ҶСѣλҵĳˣһλɢʥʵš
ʵʥ۷壬ӽʥڣǰòŸһӻ˵
ʱüͷȥˣ
ôԼû£ȥЦ
ʱһҲɱȥҲûá
ܹһ١ߵ
ǺȻҶЩĪǷʱĳôλǷĳ޸


1669 
ҶСѲҪȣλԭǷޣǷɱǵĺԶ˵ĳˡ
ҶɻʱʥҶ
ҶĶʱ֪ʥڸ
ʱǷޣ
˵ʵϢҶʵһ
ʥķޣǵһμֱһδѻ
ʱͻƵģôڴ֮ǰѾʥʱֻһλʥѡ
ȻʱҲڹʥ֮ǿһУҲˡ
ֻǿӣҶʵ벻ǻһԷޡ
ҶСѣʱһĽķޣҲֱܶɱǵĶ֮ǲűġʥ̾
ҶĴʵȻˣǷӦͬЭŶԣΪǵĹϵˣ
ˣЩܲˣжΰˡʱָûпǵĶӣָʱֻ֪һ㶼ǵĶӣ˭Ҳ˭ַˡʥ˵
ҶйâһʥʱĺѣȻ֪ô
˺ʱͼŬϣһ̤ʥ磬ѩޡ
ʥ˵ҷ𣬿ϧʵ൱˭Ҳκβ˭
ʥҶĴŵ˽ʱ֮ĶԹ
ЩʵǷΪҪɱʱĶӣܲʶûҪһλʥɣ
ȷʥҲɵȥһλʥǱ˴˼ʲôޡ
ɢʥƢŹ֣żƢ־һǳأʱĶãպþڡʵҲ֣ϧһжˡʥ˵
ҶЩ
漴÷á
ѵͼߵϣ˰ɡ
ӷĽǶȷʵû뵽塣
ϾȥĴ̺ĵǣʥʵĴ̺⣬ɲں
ϾʥѾվ˻½۷塣
ҶСѣǳɣ
ڴʱʱѾֹͣ
Ҷĺʥɫƽ·ղŸûнҲûʱ
ʱҲû
˴ռ䣬·
ʱƶһ¼ƻҷ鷳ȳ֣Ѿϰ鷳ˣԲߡ
ߣԱߵһҲûз
ʱҶģ˵ҶСʩչý磬ĻýȻĶ֣ʱסƬˡ
ʱҺʥ͵Ϯȡش
ʱʥ˵ͷ
û⣬ʱаڸסǵ𣿡ʥʵ
ʱ΢΢һЦ˵ҶСѵľﵽ˵߲Σǣټҵʱڻڶʱڲǵٱ֡
ƻʥ˵ͷ
û⡣ҶҲ˵ͷֻҪʩչý磬ڸһǵΣֲҪȥսʾɡ
ˣҪˣͻȻ˵漴˲٣˺ѿռȥˡ
ʱɵÿҶġ
Ҷæ߶ʱʥ档
ͬʱʱҲʩչԼʱֶΣһʱУ档
ʱҶľ͸о˵غʱ䣬пռ䣬òһˡ
ǺֶΣҵˣҪҰæˡҶ̾
ʱ΢΢ЦһЩ
˵գ˻֣ǰʱһ澵ӡ
ھУ¶Ρ
ԧ쾵ʱĶһһ飬ʱ˴ڵĳʥҶĴ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʱź˿Ȼ˴ⶨ
ǾǷ֮ء
Ȼʱָԧ쾵еһɽ˵
ҶĿž¶ͨɽɵȻһλʥ֮أʥô𣿡
̫֮ªˡ
ɢޣǺôҲһλʥ
ҶСѲҪ֣ҷ鷳Ƿ֮ض֪˶ٸˣҲٽ֮أҸɽˣҲᱻݻٵġʥЦ˵
ҶĻȻǰ鷳ǵȷҪԼ֮ؽĶãΪᱻݻ١
Ҳܿư
ڵˡʱﴫŭ
ҶĶʱ¶ɽһ顣
ɽʯ֮УһӰָŭӣûꣿ


1670 
ԧ쾵棬һɱ˹ȥ˵ʥײֲıըǿ˷ϯȥһƬƬռ顣
ӣ㵽ûꣿҶǸٴˣӣֲǹģԪҸһˣҪҾ塣
һ߹һŭ
ʵ̫ˣôÿһʱ䶼鷳
ƫƫʵ٣ȥ˭Ҳκβ˭
ɱҶӣǸҪҲɱӣǸ㿴вС۾ŭ
߶ʥһߵֵĹһߵðֻҪ㷢Ժ鷳ϾȥҸŮˣһԶӸɱҪɱٶС
㡭ԼղŰ׳ˣڷ֮ˣŮвǶţ٣˵ɱˣɱĸ⡣
ôúÿһ£ʵ󣬴ô꣬˭Ҳκβ˭Ҳ˰ɣһѶӸɱеŭйΣ
Ц
޳ܣҾҪɱһ˱ɣŭţȫ߶ʥһɿֲϢ
Զȥõ嶼ѪһѪҺڴܶ
̶˲ڣϢǿ࣬ǼʥҲڳɱӡ
ȼվѪ
ӣҪ𣿡
һĻʱͫһɫ䡣
ҲҪ汳ŭȫѪʢʥһѪɫĹ⻪˲˷ʥ
ۣ
һѪɣ޺޵صһŭȵӣǾԼȥҲˡ
ߣߵ𣿡һЦݣȫ߶ʥٴγŷɱ
׳գȼվѪʵҪߣסҷƺôģѵ𣿡Цһ׼˺ѿռȥ
Ȼڴʱһý˲併ˡ
ʣҶĳ֡
ӶʱһҲһ˲䣬ʥݺݵغڷϡ
ۡ
һΣ˸ʵʵѪӺݺݵصɳȥһΡɽ
ý硭ҶǳСӣ
һŭ쳹ʡ
һ̣ʯг˳Ŀ䣬ܣŭشȵҶǳҸԩ޳ΪʲôҪӡ
ڻ½˭֪Ҷǳӵлý磬ʥܱ
ȻǱޣͲע½
֮ǰѪʥΧɱҶǳҲڹעʱ棬Ҷǳ˲á
û뵽һתۣҶǳȻɱ
λǰǳˡ
ռڣҶĿžеķʱʱʥЦ˵
ʱ˵ͷž׳ŮˣȻȼվѪҲµʥ硣
ҲȼվѪ˵˷ȻɵƲ󣬵ҲشĻᡣʥЦ˵
ʱ˵ͷ漴ʧ

硣
ͷٶȼսŻýѹƣʵɣټȼվѪʵ˿Ѿȫѹ˷
ûõģҶǳĻý磬Ҳɱҡһʱ䣬ľѪȼմǱ֮ʱ
ЦڷˣֻҪϵѪȼմӮı
ãնɱһݡ
Ҷǳ
תͷҶĲգʱȥ֮ҶѾ޷ڷƤˡ
ҶǳȻҶҳ֣ôԺ󣬳Ѫ̣ĵ˱ֶһˡɱ˵
ҶļԼα¶ҲأԴռ˳Цؿŷ˵ڽвҡ
ɫһ䡣
ڴʱһɳҵĽ⽫֣һƴƥĽâռм
δǿֲĽ⣬һ
һʱ䣬֮䣬ֻʣһɫľ޽ŷͷ
âĿ貣ޱȡ
ʥ
ҧгݣиһĨǰδе֮ɫɫ䡣
ɣʥ·еĽΪһ壬ŷɱ
ڣ
һߣʱҲˣһʱȼվѪ߶Լʥɱ
ʱ
ɫٶȴ䣬Щˡ
λʥһ˻ǱǿһЩʥټҶǳĻýΣˡ


1671 ߣ
ʥʱͻȻɱ÷ЩֲҪٻʥȴʥѾסˡ
ڣŷѪɫɱ
һţæʩչֶΣһӡΧط
ȻʥĹķٶֵ࣬סʥһ
һ̫ҫˣ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ʥһ֮£ķ͸ֽһ˲䶴
ɫľ޽Яſֲݺݵڷϡ

ҽţѪ׷ɣ궼㱻ʥһ롣
ʥһҲȷ˵˷꣬ɫήҡ
⻹û꣬ʱɱˣʥݺݵغڷϣո۵ٴδķ顣
̶˲䣬αķ飬ޱȲأɫȲ԰ףȴҶ̾Ҫߡ
ǣô᣿ѾжϳҪߵķǰضϡ
ߣղɱ㣬ĲݡŷҵӣһЦ
ҧʱʥŭΪʲôҺԩ޳ΪʲôҪӣ
ɱҶӣȻҶ֪һҵ˺ܾˣҲ˺ܾˣڡʱտտɱ˵
һԵʥŷȻ֪ʱµĹϵɱģǵĶӡ
ʲô
ԣͫһֱš
û뵽ʱȻǵ¡
ҲϾǰҲܵ͵ʱ͸˵ˣһֻ׷ʥ磬˺֪Ĵڡ
ңʱʱЩԱԼ䲻û¶Լµݡ
Ҳֻʥ֪飬ΪʥǷõѡ
ԭˣԭˣһʱȻô꣡
һߵֵʱ˵Ĺ¶Ȼı顣
ףΪʲôҶǳˡ
ԭҶǳĲʱ
Ͼ֮ǰҶǳѪʥΧɱʱʱͶҶǳ֡
Ȼ˹ϵ
ҲҶǳԭ
ҵȻҪ̣
ʱݺݵŷŭʱûгΪʥҸûʸ㱨𣬷пܻᱻնɱЩ꣬һֱܣǵҳʥ֮ߡ
ʱǳҪɱһʥжôѣʱʥæټҲնɱ
ֻеΪʥ֮󣬼λʥ֮пնɱ
ڴ֮ǰ÷֪Ĺϵп϶ᾯǡ
Щ꣬Ϊ֪ʱĴڣΪֻһˣȻҲܡ
һôҲɱ
ֱ죬ʱ¶ݣʥŴ˷һֲ
ʱˣҲɱң
ŭţλʥֹ£ԽԽأѾüˡ
ҪӣλʥΧټҶǳýӲ
Ҫˣɡ
ʥЦţеĽ𽣣ȴǲϵؼһƥĽâиգ˺ѿռ䣬ɱķڽڰˡ
䣡
һߣʱ˫˫ִ߶ʥɱǱϾǷޣĬӳ˳ǿ
ңѾȼ˾Ѫʵ֮ǿӽʥˡ
ǿߵĹټϻýЩ֧ˡ
ҲǱҵģ
ͻȻɫһݣҧɨһʱˣŭȥɣ
䣬͵׳Լʥ
¡¡
ʥޱǿһԱʱĿֲ˷кȥ
ʱ˸û뵽ԱԼʥֲ֮£ⱬըѪɳȥ
ɱң±Ӱɣ
ҧߵȴˣϾʥǸôʥǺķѪʥ
λٵʥʵ֪ʲôʱָܻ
ڿɲЩʱ
ʱˣԼʥԱըɵʱæ˺ѿռ䣬Զߡ
Ҫ𣿡
һϤЦ
ʱͫһЩ˼ؿǰҶģԾȻң
Ϊʲôң
ҶĴЦһԼʵʥΪʥ˲չֳսһ˵ĵز


1672 
㡭㡭ôܣ
ЩſǰϢҶģһƬ̶˲䣬ҶĵʵȻﵽһĳ̶ȡ
Ѿǹʥ۷壬ǳԽ˹ʥ۷壬Ϳվ൱ĳ̶ȡ
۷ʱڣȻεҶġ
ڣѾ˲أټϻýʵʵѾҶǿ˶ˡ
Ҫǣʧȥʥʵ
Ҷģ۷ʱڡ
·ͨ
ҶĴЦһŴ֮͵سŷ
ռƺƵĽӣƺҪɽȥ
䣡
ҲһʥӭҶɱ
Ȼʧȥʥǹʥмġ
ϧʥԶԶȲʥǿ
أ
˼ռ䡣
Ӵк˶ɳȥ
Ҷû⣬ŷɱȥʵϾûдﵽʥ磬ûָԼܹܷ
أһλʥҶڿԿġ
С
ҶֻҪסˡ
ΪʱѾϹˡ
ɵúã
Сӣ
ҶСѣ
ʱ˿Ҷס˷ϲ֮࣬Ҳ׷׳ޡ
Ҷչֳʵʵһ
Сӵĳɳٶ̫ˡ
ǰֻǴʥ۷壬ǿʥĹʥڿ⡣
ת۰꣬ҶľȻվĳǿߣǼֱš
ҶСѵռ۽磡ʥһ߹һ߿Ҷʩչռ̾г˳֮ɫ
Ϊһǿߣռǵռ׷
ʥУҶչֳռʵ̫ˣ̲סȥ
ǰһеĽͺ񽣵ĳʼҲƽĩʥܺ
սʱʥûм򣬷Ҫڴ˱չزɡ
Ѿûʥҿ㻹ߡʱ
ٿԼʥϵغŷ˷
㿴ĸΪ㱨ˡ˫Ѫ죬Ҳƴ
֪ȼ˶پѪ˶ΪһѪˣ¶ɱй¶
ǵʵҲȷʵǿʥˡ
ǣʥɫЩأҶ˵ҶСѣ˰ɣʱȼվѪ̫ãЩ֧ŲסˣƼˣ϶ԱٲΣˡ
ãҶĵ˵ͷ漴ˡ
λʥΧȱһ
οʵҲֻס˲˷
Ҫɱʥˡ
ҶĿɲϣʹȥҪ²ء
ҶĶŲԶΧķйâ˸
ѾϢˡ
ʵ·ϣһֱ𴫵Ϣ
ı𣬻ڸ
ѾӲˣʥˣֻܿĥĥ
ǱƼˣ϶ԱҲҪʱ汳
ҶĶԶսа뵽
ǿߣһʧȥϣ϶Աϵһᡣ
취÷޷ԱҶüͷЩ鷳
һ֣ɱ϶ףҪ׽ѶȾ̫ˡ
ϾʥҪԱס
ʥ޷Աֻһ취ǾǺĹǵ޷Աˡ
ֻܹͨԱʧȥʱڸ޷ԱֻԱꡣ
Ǹʧȥ˲ʥԴȪҲꡣ
ֻǣǷԱԼ˸Ĺ
ƺһѭ
ҶĶŲԶѾԱ˼ķ
ֻĿ˸һƬ죬֪Լˣ׼Աʱһ汳
ʥ֪ԼԱˣҲ˵ʥ޷ɱʥ
ֻʱΪȼ˾ѪƲȷСԲŸױԱɱ
ҪɱңǾ͸һɣصͺţڣпֲڷš
Ƴ߶Ļɽ׼ˡ
ڴʱһϤڷ
ԱĻͿ˺ҵĻýѡ
һ漴ЦҶǳΪһ㣿һԱҾ޷Աˣְ׳飬Ϊһϵƭ
ΪʲôҪƭ㣿ԱˣҲ˲ҡʱҸֻǺϵ޹ءҶĴ


1673 
׻˵š
ԽǿߣԽǻþãԽ
ǿߣȻȴҲ
һȥŬᡣ
Ҳǰ׳գƫҶĵһ֮ʣϾǵжԹϵŵ˵Ļ
ҶҲ֪һ㣬Ȱ˵ǷԱʵ˲ҷֺֺαضһƭ㣿
һߵֵʱʥ˵ĹһߴҶģô֪ǲǸʱǴͨˣƭԱ޷Աסʱǵ
ҶЦΪԱɱʱǼȻʥѵûһԱֶΣ
ߣôҾɱǣҲܽشǵʥ硣ߵ
޷סȻҪ֮ǰʱشѩޡ
ҶüͷȰ£ֻϾһ
ͣСӣƭˣҪסʱǣΪҲ֪˲Ҷǳ
ҶĳˣҸʱֻǺϵʵ㲻ҷдá෴ˣҵͻʧˡ
ţЩɻʵСʲô˼ѻ˵ΪʲôҲͶкô
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻͣ˵Ķˡ
ȻֻҪһǲԸġ
Ͼʥ磬ưԻ½Ȼô䡣
£ҶĴ͵ȸ˵˵ҺʱĹϵɣ綼ڴǹϵܺãʦͽϵ
ߵʱξ㣬ϧѪ̣Ǿ㲻ʦͽҲϵǱѰ
ҶҡͷʵǶˣҺʱֻǺϵҪæҪҵĻý㸴𡣡
һ𣿡ߵ
Ҷļ˵Ӧ˵ҵľʥŵ׷ɱǰҲѪ̴ѹʱҹϵܺãҳ棬ôҺѪ̵ǵ飬ܷչز
һһʼʱѪ̺Ҷǳ֮ĳ޲ô
ʱҶǳҲֻڻؾɱѪ̵ļʥѣѪɵʧ
Ѫ֮ҪɱҶǳҲΪϰˡ
ʱʱҶǳͷҶǳǸҲ͹ȥˡ
ҶǳѪ̳ΪеǲǰһսѪɳλʥ׷ɱɷǣȴҶǳ
λʥ䣬ʧ̫ˣѪҲŹҶǳġ
С˵ĲʱϵܺãʱͷѪҲ׷ˡ
ңʱĵλǸʱйϵҲˣշôѪ̶ɱ
һ룬ҶĵĻ˺ܶࡣ
ǽش˵ʱϵһ㣬ΪҲͶкô
Ҷ΢΢Цܼ򵥣ʱҪɱ㣬ʥ֣ʵҲɱ㡣⣬Ѿʱܹǿ޷ٶһλʥˣֻмңܰɱ㣬𡣡
Ǻεǻۣһ˻ʱȻЩˣ֮ǰʱΰ֣ǶȲѣҪ֡ΪˣĻý磬˾ɱҡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷԣվҵĽǶȣȻǲϣΪֻţʱҪҪҡˣҺʱĹϵҲ˾ͷԺٴѪ̵ʱʱɲðհˡ
÷һȻҶ˵ĺеϾ漰ȻҴ⡣
ۣ
ΪĸҶĽٴαʱ˸ˡ
֮󣬷ϢˣʱѹŴ
Ҷļ״æȰ˵ʱ䲻ˣңܱסƭ㣬Ҳû˵ʱǶѣĽָ޷ı䡣
йâ˸Ҷ˵ĶԣǷԱʵı䲻Ľ֡
ԱҲ·һ
Աˣֻ˵ʱǶѡ
Ҷǳʵôͻһ
ξ
йâȻѾ˾񣬰ʱӿƬ֮бըˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
죬ʱʥ˶Ѫɡ
Ѿﵽ˵۷壬ȻԱ֮£ʱǵҲܵˡ
ԶҶҲװѪ޷άסý硣
ȻƸأҲܵýʧʱ֪ҶǳûƭԼЦһ˺ѿռˡ


1674 
վס
ʱߣɵ÷ŭ˫죬ѪⱬҲ˺ѿռ׷ŷȥ
ʱ
ʥЩɵؿҶģüҶСѣû°ɣ
û£ǰùңȥ׷ҶĲǵѪҺæ˵
ʥҡҡͷûõģûĻýѹƣʵָһЩٶҲָһЩҪ׷ܡ
ô죿ҶļԼݼһңûϵͻȻԱ
ʥҶģҶСѣﵽ˵߲ΣӦ˲ɡ
ţҶüؿʥЦǰѵڻҹ߷˷ҲǸˣҷǲǸԼ鷳𣿶ң֮ǰסĻˡ
ʥһȷûд֮ǰͲˣҶͻȻǿսס˷
ҶҪ߷ʱܷ߷ˡ
뵽ʥæҶĵǸǸҶСѣҲû㡣
ҶĿЦǰˣңҲỳɵģϾҵѾﵽ˵߲Ρ˷ҲҴˣûϵͻȻԱĻδؿ˵ҡ
ʥ˵ͷʵҲûϵͻȻԱҶǳûϵҲ
ǲ
˵֮䣬Զѿʱŭ˳
һʱǿѹҶѹȹ
ҶĶʱüͷͬǿԿʱѹ
ҶǳΪʲôҪ߻ý磿ǲǹʱ۾ضҶģɱ
Ҳɱ⣬ҶǳҪƭǣﵽ˵߲ΣԱҲδؿ˵õ㡣
Ҷԣʱ֪ҲڻԼ
£ҶľͰѸղŵĻ˵һ飺λҪ߷֮ǰˡǸʱǻ֪ҵľʵ͸Ӳỳˡ
ʱһ֮ǰ˱ʥըɣҶǷȷѾˡ
ԣҶû߷ⲻǶһ
λ侲ҶС˵Ĳȷûɷ߷ʲôôҪ֪һΣҶСҲ˷ƷɱǣԺ»ҶСѶ֡ʥ˵
˵գҶѵҶСԺҪСķָƺ󣬿϶֡һǱ𣬶㣬ƾ֮޷ٶȻɱˡ
Ҷĵ˵ͷǰģȻ֪һ㣬һܣɱҡ
ͺãʥ˵ͷ漴ԲԶʱʹ˸ɫ
ʱҲɵ˶ʥ˼
£ʱҶĵǸԲҶСѣ㡣
ҶСѣǸҲҶĵǸ
λʥҶǳҲҪҶǳǸ
ǣһûɱһξͻҪҶǳæ
ԣȻҪ£ҶǳܵҶǳ
ҶҲܴȵذֵλǰˣûܹɱҲйʧλǰҪңұֻ֤ҪǶԸʱԸһ֡
ҶСѴԣҾͷˡʱ˵ͷ˿
ҲԸмص˵ͷ
ֻҪҶǳĻý磬ôֻ֣Ҫҵܼɱ
ǸҿǣǷģұ֤ɡ
ҶĿһ۲Զʱа뵽
ʵ˵ʱҲٴΣʱһ£ȷЩص
ʱĿҪɱֻҪյĽǷˣôҲʱԸ
˭ɱģôҪ
˵ɱ˷֮󣬰ԴĸʱǷҲ÷еĳˡ
뵽ҶλǰأԱһҪҸطչˣǲͷѰܲҵõ
ʥ̾·ѾԶˣҪҵһʥڴ롣
ʱҲ˵ͷȻҪҵˡ
ҶЦ˵Ҳʱ䣬ʱ۶ϡ
޷ȥģҾʹҰɣ˳ϻӦ̣ԺϢ֪ͨҡʥʱ˵ͷ漴˺ȥ
Ҳһ˺նҡ
ʱҶģ˵ҶСѣȷҪѰ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵ǰصģأҲаԱ
ҶСѵʵȷҵԤϡʱ˵ͷ뵽Ҷ֮ǰչֵʵѾڿվ֮ˣ㹻һλصʥǰԱˡ
£˸ȥ


1675 
һ֮Уƣ۵ЩǱӴܡ
ȥǸطˣ뵽
νߣϳɲֹһ֮ǰݻٵǸϵġ
ϳкüصĺܡ
ֻ˵ʱ򣬲Żȥˡ
ˣһɱҶǳ۾ɭ䡣
ȻҶǳֽž˫ֻùϵɲҶǳĺá
ңʱǵĴڣϾв
ϧʱʥǸûɱеκһ
ԣֻܰĿҶǳϡ
ֻҪɱҶǳûҶǳĻýôʱ֣Ҳκβˡ
뵽ЦҶǳҪʱϧĴڶв̫ˣұҪɱ㡣
Һľ㣬ȴҪɱңҪ𣿡
ͻȻһЦŲմ˽
ͫһȵ˭
䣡
䣬һֻɫȭͷ˲ռ䣬ڴ˵رը
ԭֲεĹκβ˷
ϧʵֲεĹҲòռ˳
Ҷǳ֪㣬㵽ʲô˼ҹ
ӳռ䣬ܣɫŭȵ
ոЩϤҶǳ
ϧ֮ǰԱڸ޷̽⵽Χ
Ҷǳøèèռ̤˳ЦؿŲԶķ˵ôԱĸоܰɣ
һҶǳЦôһܹɱң
ɱ㣿
ҶǳЦЦ漴ҡͷҪɱ㣬֮ǰȥýˣ㻹Ϊƾǵ˵ңҲ̫С߲εˡ
ͫһϬضҶǳȻˣ׷ʲô
ûзϾ߲εСΪ漰ĲΡ
ֻǣɻǣҶǳΪʲôҪ׷ţ
Ȼǡɱˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦδ䣬Ѿǰһȭݺݵغ
أ
ͬһȭӭȥ˽Ǻˡ
ǰգѾǿ˺ѡ
ԼȭͷϴݹǿһЩŵؿŶҶǳ
ôܣôӵʥ
𾪲ѡ
Ȼˣվһʥܷӳʥڵս
ڣҶǳûʩչý磬ȴ¡
֤ҶǳѾӵʥս
Ǻǣһ֮ˣͲҪ֪ôˡ
ҶǳЦһ漴йâһʥˡ
ҶǳҶǳı
һսý綼Ҫʩչ
ǲ
Ҷǳʥ߶ռһҵĽâʱŷ
һٶȺܿ죬ͬ绮Ʋ񷣬Яźƴƥơ
һռĩ֮⣬ڽ֮ϯΧĿռһ顣
綼·ռ֮ضֻء
¡¡
Ҵ⣬æһʥֵʥĹ
ϧȻʥͬǹʥеĲϣϾ񼶲ϡ
ڶƴ˼֮󣬷Ĺʥ·磬Ҷǳʥ
ʥˣ
ҶǳЦһһȭŷ޴ȭӡأɫѪա
ߣҶǳ㲻Ҫ̫ˣˣԱ֮ѹ㡣Щغ
ҶǳмȻˣҲûʩչý硣
ͫһ뵽Ҷǳûʩչý£Ѿ·硣
áܸӲƴٸҶǳһˣӽռ䣬ʥҪˡ
ôʲô
ռдһЦ
һ̣ĵӰĿռһɳ
ҶһҶҶбķ
ҶһҶҶ̹ս󣬻Ӷž޴񸫣ķˡ
̹սʥص̹սţǡ
ʥľԶȻϵõһʱ̹ս
Ȼʩչ̹ս˺󣬶ʱһ±ˡ
Ҷǳ
ͷ˿ǸֳʥҶǳʱͫһȵǵ˭ҶǳģҪϷŪ𣿡
Ϊǿ߱Ҷǳˣ档
ڣҶڸˣ֮˳
мӰ˳Ҷ塢ҶҶߣԼҶˡҶš


1676 žŹһ
УҶǳıԼľŴΧס
мķ±ˡ
ʮҶǳ
ôܣ
ΪʧȥԽ۾̽鲻ʲô
ԣΪڼٰҶǳϷŪ
Ҷǣ
۾Ҷǳҧгݵ㵽ô
Щ֣ղųֵļҶǳʵ
ټҶǳûʩչý硭ڵЩ
ȻҪ׽ˣȻõŷôȰ˵Ա𣿡
ҶЦ˵
ͫһҶģ㣬ղźʱһģ㡣ôʱǵģ
õҾҶǳҶǳҲҡҶЦ˵
ָҶǳʵأ
Ҷ΢΢ЦȻҲҶǳ
ʱŭȵҶǳʥҲ裡
û㣡
ʱҶǳı𵭵˵ǶҵķʱҲ޷ֱ棬֮ǰһҵĵķһֱٰҡ
ͫһŵ㡭ȻоŸһӵŹʥʵôܣ
š
̫ˡ
𣬿㶯ְɣ˹ˡҶһȻ˵
ʵҶǳҲӦˡ
ǵһģӴӦ֮УȷҪˡ
һˡʱ
Ȼʱ֮ǰûԶսĶʱע⡣
֣
Ҷǳʱʱ棬ͺһʩչ
ͬʱýҲ˲併١
һ̣Ļ֮Уʵڼ
˾֣ŵŶҶǳ𣺡ĻȻôǿ
ýѾԹˡ
ǻȴǵһγԵȻһ㶼Ȼý
𾪡
ϾǰҶǳѾܾûжûˣ½˶Ҫһˡ
ӡ
Ҷǳûмϻһͨλһ֣ӡ
ڻýͻѹ£ʵҶǳһ磬Ȼ޻֮㱻ӡˡ
Ҷǳķһ뿪˵ء
뿪úһϤӰĿռ˳
ʱ
ʱüͷЩɻشܣ֣ղʲôڴս
һУҶǳϢӦ
ˣȻȥɣʱڣɱ˷ˡ
ʱ̾˿漴˺ȥ

ʥ档
ҶǳصʥĻء
ҪΪ
Ϊʲôʥ棿
ǵȻΪʥˡ
ϾʥԳһ磬﷢飬ȥ
ңʥѹΪҶǳڵʥڣ޵еġ
ʥпܶв
˭֪Ҷǳʥ棿
Сӣˣô
ҶǳʱɷǣëǵıҲӦҶǳɵ
ҶǳʥץЦ˵ǳ˳
ŵʥһǵһοëʱ˹һشŷ
Ҷǳûзӡͣɿ˵ΧĻþʱϳҶǳҴʥʲô㾿Ҫʲô
һͷˮ֪ҶǳΪʲôɱǷѾ˼ֻΪ˷²
ǷɢкպĴڣû뵽ʱĳ˾Ȼɷʱϳ˷һп
ɷǣߵԭСһֱʥ棬ѹѪҲ㡣
ɷǵЦǾҵΣʥ𣿡
ɵÿҶǳȷҶǳѪ̵˳ǳ򼴱ʥҲ
ǵҪôʵ
Ҷǳʱٴ󣬽£Ц˵Ȼ㣬ȻҾֱˡ
˵ͬʱŴҲҶǳΧ
ɷվԶ
֪Сһλʲô磬ܲһ̤ʥΣëһڴ
ɷҡͷҲֻһڵʥҶСֱӵʥ硣
žŹһ
ڴʱԶҶǳһ
һ̣ܵľŸȫһɫĹâҶǳ۶ȥ
ǡ
һԣҶǳںϾŴһĻʱɴ۾š
ΪҶǳںϷʱΪȻڲͣ
ʵ̫ˡ


1677 ʥ۷
žŹһǡתһռһУںϾŴһ壬ǿΪ
ʱҶǳŴ׼ıΪڲϵ
̶Ƭ֮ڣʹӹʥڣ˹ʥڡ
ȻֻΪҶǳΪɴڹʥڣ޷žŹһġ
ΪҲҶǳʵ
ϾΪˣռл򣬶ǿ
˼飬˼飬⵽ʲôǿȻںһ壬Ϊ
һĻ𺳡
Ѿˣ֪ԼѾˣֻЩ棬ҶǳʲôȻô
оתһǵʮ칬ʮĹ
Ҷǳ˿۾ЦŶԷ˵
һʥҶǳҲأûм
ʮʮֹҲͲˡɻ
Ҷǳʮʮˣʲôͬ
㡭ţͫһ͵̧ͷ۾ҶǳЩŵ˵ͬһˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵Ǻпܾͬһˣһ𣬾Ŵպʮ
˻һϢʵ̫ˡ
Ҷǳ˵ԣһʮûʮ칬֮УƵı
ȻܹôǿķǾͿԼһɳ𾪡
Ϣʵ̫ˡ
ʮǶôǿʮˣͬһˣû
Ӿʹˡ
һиûʲôϵˡ
ЦĴ̺ô꣬һʮ칬һݺݵĽѵ
Ĵ̺½ĺܶǿ߶ǳˬ
ԽǶǿߣԽĴ̺
Ͼ½ԴĴ̺¢ˣǵ١
ңĴ̺ǳԵˡǹʥʥĴ̺ǰҪһͷ
˵Ĵ̺ѹͷľ߷塣
֪Ĵ̺пܻᵹùȻеֻˡ
Сӣ˶С㣬Ѫ̿Ҫùˣ
Цһ漴Ҷǳһп
Ҷǳ츳ͬ죬ĹδɾͲ
ʵϣڣҶǳѾܹʥˡ
ѪҪɱҶǳעһ
ԺѪҪҶǳԴ
㻹кԣûˣҾ·ˡ
Ҷǳǰķ˵
ԳһЦһɢޣǣ޹ңСҪңķʵɣ㡣
ʵ䲻϶ûãѾԱ޷Աֻܸĵ
ҶǳҲûмϻͷų𣬾Ϳʼ
Ҳȷʵϣûһ˿
Ӵ£Ҷǳܿͽ·ѵľŸ˹ʥڡ
һ̣ҶǳٶʩչžŹһ֮ںϷΪʥڡ
̫ˣдؽվڻ½۷塣
ǰҶǳ̾
٣Ѿ뿪ˡ
ˣҶǳǰ;ĺ󱲣ǳˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ·ѵľŸʵ
ܿ죬Ÿʥڵķͳˡ
Ҳľһ˿Ϊ˷ɻңɢ
ҶСӣٴںŸһ̤ʥ۷ˣ
ɷǷһ̾˵
Ȼ֪תһʶһĻе𺳣ɲȷ١
ǰںϰɣȴﵽʥ۷֮ʵͻǿˡëٺЦ
СҲڴ
ﵽʥ۷֮󣬾㲻ûýͻҶǳս¶һʥҪǿˡ
ڼϻýͻô½ܹҶǳһսʥָ
ǵţ
ҶǳʵҲڴܼɷǵ˵˵ͷ㿪ʼںϷ
žŴʧҶǳΪһٳ嵽˹ʥ۷徳硣
䣡
һǿƣʱҶǳϯɷǵ˶ˡ
ɷǻãϾǹʥֵܹ
ëǣǴʥڸܵҶǳɢǿƺһ̩ͬɽѹԶҽӽ
ֲ̫ˣǹʥ۷𣿱ȵʲôʥǿ̫ˡëࡣ
ɷҡͷʥʲôҶСڿɲǹʥ۷ô򵥣ƱһʥҪǿˡ


1678 ǰʮ
ϿɿóҶСڵʥʲô𣿡ëԣɵһڴؿɷǡ
ɷҡͷҲŹʥڣܿô׼ȷ
ëڨڨһЦֻüҶǳ
˿̣ҶǳջعľŴ֮ɢѹԽԽǿ
ֻԶԶţҽӽ
֣Ҷǳ˿̵ѹй¶ȥĲ̵ӶҪɱ
ëԶԶҶǳͻȻ̾СӵĽٶ̫ˣҿҪ˶ãҪǰˡ
һԵС鲻Խص˵ͷҲָо
ֻɷһ±ƣ漴ҡͷʧЦ̫Զ˰ɣҳСӷǳҪ磬ǵóΪС
ɷǼ˵ҶСռΪϳʥѾǼˣ񼸺ܡֻ壬񡣡
ȻûƿֻҪʱ㹻ܳ񡣵֪ѶȣʱٴҲ֪úķѶܳ񡣡
ɷǵĻëҡҡͷ˵㲻Сӱĸ
ëҶǳһɳ֤Ҷǳ漣Ը˽Ҷǳ
ɷǣϾŽӴҶǳã֪ޡ
˵ʲôأ
ͻȻһϤ
۾һҶǳˣѾȹ̺ԼΪˡ
ɷǿҶǳɵʱڽʥҲҪѰȹΪһȹˣ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цǿ󣬱ʱãңҵսȻʥϾֻǹʥ۷壬ԲҪôʱ䡣
ɷǵ˵ͷ漴ʵڵսﵽʥʲô磬֪𣿡
ǰǰҶСӣǣھжǿܲһֻѹʱֳڵʥëæʵ
Ҷǳ˷ۣЦ㵱ʥϰһֻ־ѹʵʥУû޴󡣼ڵʥҲҪķһܻܳڵʥ˵ɱǸܣ˶˲
ɷǳ㿴ʥ࣬ڵĹʥץסҡʥҲһڵʥڵʥಢֻҪһ㣬ӣ˭Ҳ˲˭
˵ôϻʲôСֻҪ߱үڵʥĸ磿ëߴٵ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ˵Һͳڵʥڵʥ֡ԣܹ׼ȷжϳڵսӦÿڵʥҲǵǸ𡣡
ǱȷҪǿһЩ治󰡣ɷһ̾
±Ҷǳö࣬ǳǺεȵĴڣǿ½µĳǿߡ
ȴĿһСѸɵǰǿߣǲ˼顣
ʥ۷壬ӽڣȷǿһЩҶǳЦ
һԵëЦǲţˣ㱾սͿʥڣټϻýͻǼʥڣҲδĶ֡
Ҷǳ˵ͷһŵ˵ʥڵǿߣֻȷǿҵĻý£شʱڵʵʱǿĶ࣬Կȫ⡣
ǾͺãʵǿߣѾǻ½һˣǿģҲĴ̵Ľˡ
ëҶǳٺЦ˵ڵʵڻ½Žǰʮˡ
ɷǵ˵ͷȷܹŽǰʮϾʥڵĶָʥ۷ҲǾŴͷʣµļ㻹صģҲһˡ
ô˵Ѫ̳ǳȻѾвˡЦ˵
ҶǳЦ˵ҵĻýͻ򣬶ٶȵƶܴԼʥ۷ǿߣҲ޷ֹܡʱþ衣
İɣѪҲһǿ϶ᵱɱһȻóġëƲ
ɷǵ˵ͷȷˣҴôҲûмĴ̺ùǵɱﵣֻڹؼʱ̶ãһ㲻ᶯá
ҶǳЦǵıȻǿ󣬵ежԵ̺֣Զ٣ǾǵˡԣϳػͰȫˡ
ô˵Щ˻ǵСǿˣôСǱǡëѨ
ɷҡͷǽϾֻҪ֣ǵԶԶȥ


1679 
ëɷǼһҶǳ㽫ʥйѺʥ²ȡ˳۳ʥڵķ
ɷǼ״˵ĸЩֻǹʥڣýǶʥ۷壬žźһ֮£һٽ׵ʥ硣
ҶǳԿЦҪץĸʥףҪѾŸʥڵķʥ۷壬ѶȾ̫ˣٴץһʥС
һԵëҧǾץһʥ֮ǰСӶץһʥʵǿˣǾ͸Ӳٻˡ
Ҷǳ˷ۣûصëһ˵Ϊʥôץ֮ǰʥʱ֣Ҳش˷ңҺƷԱҲֻɱܻ׽
ɷ̾ڵʵһڵʥףҪɱͺˡҼܻɱҲûãؼǻ׽Ѷ̫ˣһʥ۷ķС
ʱżѾˣȹһΪԺ˵ҶǳҡҡͷѾʵѪǰԱˣҲżΪ
ҶǳɷǺë˵ұڴ˱չȹΪ壬飬÷ȥɡ
ʮ칬㲻𣿡ë
ҶǳЦʮпܻţұĸҽʮ칬ʱһȥˡ
ɷͬҲãһ㣬˵ڵķʵҲǿȿվѷɫ㹻̽ʮ칬ˡ
СǲʲôҪˣëͻȻ˵
ҶǳȻʲô飿
ԪëһۣҺܲܳɹʥͿˡ
Ҷǳգæ˵УҶһȥʮ칬飬ҶҶҶĺҶȥץԪ
Ǳү͵ĺϢˣץһЩԺ˻ŽʥءëٺЦ
ҶǳЦã㵱ԪǴײ˰ܹץһͲˣ㻹ʥΰɡ
ëǣҶǳʱٴ󣬱չˡ
ҶһҶ壬Ҳ뿪ʥ棬ȥˡ

֮ǡ
ҶһصóӱȡİɫСϸϸš
ǿʮ칬һԿס
ѳɣپѪ̣Ҳʱʮ칬澿ʲôܡ
ҹʥܹõһʥħҲܹõһЩʥħǾܹԴˡ
ңʮĻţôҲѪ̵ĵˣܹҷֵһЩѪ̵Ļ
Ҷһг˼š
ÿʮ칬ôٲҲֻʧһ߷ѡ
£Ҷһ򿪻磬ͨʱѶǰʮ칬һԿףҵˡ
ʲôʱܿѶǳ𾪣˵ȷǿʮ칬Կף
ҶһʱɣɫСϢݹȥ
ܿ죬֮ձһ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦ֪ʱԸˣһ̤֮ǵĻǴ
Զ飬һϤӰ˳ʱ
ǰþòҶһЦ˵
ʱ˰ֵ˵£콫ǰԿ׸ҿ
ǰ뿴ҶһƣŰɫС
ʱĿһɨ̽ʱȷԿģɵЦҶСѵǺ˵һԿףȻõˡ
ҶһЦ˵ðˡ
˵գ˰ɫС
ʱһ漴ؿҶһ˵ҶСĪҲʮ칬Ȥ
Ҷһ΢΢Ц˵еʮ칬ҵȻȤһԿ׿˽ʮ칬ұϾĿ䣬Ըóһ
ʱüؿҶһҶСѣұ㣬ʮ칬֮УҪĴ̺ĸ֣Ѫ̵ĹϵǱȻԸ㡣
ʱҪҶǳأȻϣҶǳ䡣
ҶһЦǰģԿףλֽȥʵҲټҵĻýռݾԵƣôΣء
ý硭ʱһȻ֣ҶһԼ˵ҲҶһȥ
ϾҶһĻý߿϶ռݺܴơ
ðɣȥʣҲϣȥϾĻý縨̫ˡʱ̾˿漴ƿնȥ
ҶһһЦĻýİ̫ˣԣǿ϶Ѫɱ
൱űˡ


1680 ѡ
ҶһûеȺã㴫Ϣһͬʮ칬
ȻҲýҪԣʮ칬ʱĸ֡
ʮ칬֮ж෽ӣĴ̺˴Ҳе⣬ܹ̼Ǵ֣һЩʥʥǾٺòˡ
Ҷһ뵽
Ĵ̺ûкøУΪŴ󳬼¢˻½ȫԴ
ǲԺҪ𣬾ͱҪĴ̺
ʮ칬жôǿȴǱĴ̺Ƶˡ
ҶһȻϣԼĲ̲Ϻ󳾡
֮ʵûʲôԴĴ̺Ļ½Ѿγһƽ⡣
һǾͱôƽ⣬ҲǲѶΪ֮
Ҷһϣ
Ȼܡ
עҪעҪռĴ̺档
˫ʱȻǵˡ
Ҷһ뿴̲ʮ칬ĺ󳾣ǾĴ̺
Σʮ칬֮УҲҪλʮǷš
ҶһϣʮţĴ̺ŻĿڡʮϣ˲̵
пܵĻҶһϣ͡ʮ˴˹ͬӦĴ̺
ȻһҪλʮԸΣҶԷǾͷˣʵɲ⣬δؿԼ
ţ
ȻҶһ̧ͷĿⶴգ֮ǵĲԶ
мǿϢлϤϢֱʱͿվӡ
Ҫʮ칬ˣ
Ҷһ뵽ʲôЦһ˲ʧԭء
һ̣Ҷһ֮Ͽա
ͬʱӰҲ̤նеʱͿվӡ
Ǵ˿ҶһĿ⣬ȴһϣΪ˵Ϣ̫ǿˣҷǳԵѹصİⷽ綼ս
ǿ˵ʵ²Ѫ̵λѷɫʥڵǿߡ
ҶһȻϸϸˡ
һڷīӣɫۣ˫֣һɰԾµİ̬
ҶСѣһ£λ½պʥǿߡʱЦŽܵ
һԵĿվӴҶһĿЩɣǰʱ͸˵ˣҶǳڵʵ֮£һЦ
ȻҶǳ츳ɳٶҲܿ죬Ҫ׷ԼôҲҪܾðɣô졣
ҲڴҶһԵĿиһĨͣЦ츳ȷϻ½һţϧռ֮ضʥ
ˣҶһ΢΢һЦȴǲΪȻڵʵȿվˣһЩʥĸ֣ﵽʥ۷壬Ǿܿʥˡ
ı𣬸ǿʥڣлýͻλһսС
ȻЩɶܣȻ˵ֵñֵ͵
߰ɣȥʮ칬˵ͷҲδ̸㳯ʮ칬ķȥ
Ҷһʱǽ
ǰξĸ˽ȥ𣿡ҶһѯԱߵʱ
ʱصǼʥоˣԭʮ칬ʮƿ£Կ׿Ҳֻʥǿ߽롣
ƿʮ칬ֻһҹʥܹʮ칬ޣһԿ׺ܿһλʥС
ҶһˣһԿ׿һλʥȥôɳλʥǰʱ
ЩɻʱһڵʥȻѡˡ
ƺµҶһ룬ʱЦȻʥڣпվңԷӳʥڵʵ
Ҫǣ˭Ҳ֪ʮ칬ʲôʱʵܾʤʱϵпվڿռϵǻ½һģǽʮ칬ϲջ񡣡
ߣվѾͻƵıԵһõʲôԵ̤ʥ磬ֶһʥˡ

ʱĽͣҶһʱȻ
ò˵ܹΪʥľûһ׳գЩ˶ǻ۳Ⱥ֣Ǿ˸㣬ѡȻʵġ
ҶǳôĵӣȻ뿪
ڴʱһֻ޴ͻȻ䣬Ҷһѹ
ʱպڰ·ĩա
ȻûҶһǰİһһȭ˺Ѳ񷣬գٴλָ
ǰ͵ϮĿ䣬δҲ̫ûҷ˰ɣ
䶢ŲԶֵѪһˣһˣǵ
ҶһʶҲС


1681 ǿƼ
Ѫˣʥֱ͵һǹʥ۷弶ǿߡ
ŲԶҶһɫض԰˵ҪѪΪУΪһСӣ
˫ۣЦ⻰ӦŶԣѪζĿ֣Ϊǲɣ
ȻˣǾû̸ˣǺ֮Ϊ֮俴һ۰ҲµҶǳĻýܴȻؿǻɱҶǳ
аʱڣ֣ҲܻɱҶǳ
ˣȻڴ˾ؿһԶҶһСӣʮ칬ΪĹذɡ
ҶһЦ˵ʮ칬ΪĹء
һΧļ˶һ
ƺҶû뵽ҶǳһСȻҸֳǿ߷źݻ
һǲ֪Աߣվһ£漴Щֻ
ʱüҶǳʲôã̫߰ˣ̫ϲˡ
ǶҶһĻ⣬Ц˵־ϲ
Ŵ־̣˵Ŀ⣬Ҷһһɨ
ڵǶҶһһЦѾܾû˸ô˵ˣڻ½̫ˣСӣϣҪڡ
ҶһЦѵ֪ǰ˵ĵѾˣҲζɱҡ
㡭ԲȻŭ
Աߵʱغһõϵŭ
ĮƳһҶһԵ˵һϷϻʲôȽʮ칬ɱǲҪշʮ칬ǵġ
Ȼ󣬵ڳ˶ˡ
˵ͷЦһ漴̤ȥ
ߣ
һתͷҶһ˵ҶСѷģĿ䣬ұ֤Ѫв㡣
лǰҶһмص˵ͷȴЦѡ
Űı֤ڻʮ칬֮ǰҪĻýȻᱣһ
շʮ칬԰ôͺСˣʱͲΪѪ̡
Ѫ֮ǰļζҶǳ֣İҶǳĻ;ѪˣǷβܡ
νĿ䣬Ľѡ
ҶһʼնĺԼ֮䣬ǾĽ
˴ʱǻΡ
һû棬Ǿûһ˿Ρ
ৣ
һ漴ʮ칬
޴ʮ칬һƬɾڻ֮ǵżų貵İ׹⡣
ͻȻʮ칬ǰѿһǿӰ̤˳һɢĿֲơ
ʱ˵ӿѹ죬ⷽ綼ڱ
Ȼǰʮ칬ȴԭأ޷
ְ
ôˣǵһοôѡ
ЩϼһѾþûоһˡ

һɢĪơ
Ĵ̺ÿҶλʥһλʥ۷弶ǿߡ
ʮǿϢֱ񷣬Ծأ֮߸̤롣
ʱ½Ŀ⣬ڴˡ
ʵϣڻ½ʮ칬ĲֻĴ̺һЩɢʥʥҲʮ칬顣
ϧĴ̺ǿǰЩʥ͹ʥֻܸɵۿţҲֽ
οǿʮ칬ʮԿףҲĴ̺档
λȻѾˣǾͿʮ칬ɡһλʥ˵
˵һԿױõˣɷʵʥ
ϻǵõһԿףҽʲô
λʥҲ⣬Ц˵ȻˣôλȡԿףͬʮ칬
˶˵ͷ
漴Ĵ̺óɫСա
ҶһҲóԼİɫСȥ
ף
һԿҶһУ˵Ŀ¶Ⱥ֮ɫ
Ѫ̵͵һ䣬ɱ⡣
ڴʱڰеʮѰɫСͻȻʮ貵İɫŶ治Զʮ칬ȥ
¡¡
ʱʮ칬ػ㱬һ貵Ĺâ󷨹Ļ

ɲǼ䣬һǿʮ칬ػ̽
Ԥϵûλҹʥƿزʮ칬ػһԿԴһλʥС
Ǻǣô˵һһʥһʥȥˡ
ԿףеԿ



1682 
ʮԿУڳ˵Ŀ⣬سҶһЩƺ
ϾΪҶһĹϵһԿףᵼһλʥʮ칬
ǶһһλʥȴλʥټҶǳĻýԶɲЩ˼ɵ
Ѫ̵ĵһʮ칬ҪõˣλʥټҶǳĻýҹֵܹλʥˣڳһҶ
Ļ䣬˵һȻǵǻۣȻ֪ǵڹ
ԣҲȷʵˡ
ҶǳĻýһ˿¾ֵܵλʥվӺʱҲܸԾһʥ
һڳֻ֣ܸƽ֡
ˣʮ칬ļ
᲻Ҷһüתͷѯʱ
ʱЦİɣ￿ġ
ڴʱǰһ̤һǿϯء
Եߵ֮ԼҲһԿףֵ˭ɨһۣЦ
˵ˣߵ֮ʲôʱԵˣ
ؿǾǲǴһ
۾һУǿƳԡ
üͷҪͬһҸԿһͷûʲôô
£Цһ侲㣬Ƚʮ칬˵ﶼûǾʹһ
ߣһ漴ʱҶһվ˷ʮ칬
һâ˺ܿͽʮ칬ػ档
ؿһʧҶһˣ漴תͷЦλӭѪ֣ƾһңɵֵס
˶Щ⶯
ʱһڰд
Ҷɵӣ̭ٻᡣ
ʥһý磬˵в̫ˡ

ʮ칬ڣҶһͿվӹվһƬããܶܲһ˿Ϣͷ·һƬŵ硣
ʱأûиӦʲô쳣ҶһüͷԶĿվӡ
վƳҶһһۣ˵ղǿҵĿռ䲨ƺֻʥǸˡ
Ҷһһݣվӻ뵽ʲôȴ֪λʮܻܿš
ƾҹʥٿʮ칬Ҳץʱ
Ψλʮ֣
ЩͬؿһۿվӣνˣƶҪ׶༪ˡ
£ֻǷҲûʲôʧ
˿ɲһһˣǾһˡ
Ӧòɡ
ҶһνʮλʥλʮҲһնɱʮλʥɡ
οʮλʥԾŴ󳬼ʮôǽܵ½ǿߵ׷ɱ
ʲô
վҶһɵɻʵ
ҶһڨڨЦûʲôǸоЩ֣Ϊʲôֻʥطѵǲʮ칬
ʮ칬񱻻ҹʥٿأʥΣգǡ
վһ˵һ߳ǰȥ
Ҷһһʵǰǰʮ칬
Ȼʮ칬ʢʱڣĴ̺⣬֮ȻЩվӵ˵
ҶһЦһΪǱ˴أ
վЦһ˵ί߰ˣڵĴ̺˴֮䶼޲öԷ˥䣬ϻǺͺ֦ͬ
ˣûõʮ칬ҲͰˣҪõʮ칬ٲһɱ֪ʥ͹ʥҶһ˵ͷ
վתͷҶһЩЦСӼȻôôҽͲ棿
ǰôҽҶһЦſվӡ
վ۾һҶһͳʱ˵ʵѷɫڿĹȻʮ㡣
ǺǣʱˣһСȵǰ㡣ҶһǫһЦ
վһҶһԽˣԽɡ
ǰҪȥҶһתƻ⣬ʵ
Ϊվƺ֪·ôߣһֱûиı䷽
ȻվԵ˵ʮ칬Χħ磬ħϮ־ᶨˣͻܵħ֣߻ħ
ⶫʥãҶһһ㶣Щ⣬ʥ˾磬ɲںʲôħˡ
վЦʮ֣ɱ˺ܶħеʥǵĶɶۼڴˣʥˣҲбֵļʡ


1683 չ¶ʵ
ڿվӵĻҶһ⣬Цﵽ߲εľںʲôħϮ
ЩħĻһĽնȥܺɨЩħ
ŶҲˣСӵľѾﵽ˵߲ΣЩħκβ㡣
վҲˣʱЩĽ˵
߲εľľֱʥˣҪѰԵ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦҪ˵ȴͻȻһ
Ӧ֮УһǿϢǲԶ
ˡվɫһ䣬ƺҲӦˣ漴˵Ӧ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿߣ
ҶһɵÿվʵҪ𣿡
ȻˣǶΪʮ칬ģôһս
ԣʱܹǰһˣֶΪ
οҶһҪ׽Ǹʥ۷壬ûʵ
ֻǹʥڣʥ۷壬ʱܿʥ
ң𻹲ĸʥ²ĸʥķ
ԣҶǳҪʥķ²
֮ʮ칬ҶǳҲ㿼ǵģϾ棬ץʥ²
ɱӦ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿߣĵ˾ֶһӦ̡
ʮ칬ھͲһˣҶᱦģ˴ɱ
ңҶһǴսӦ̾Ҫ֣Ҳɹֲͷϡ
ȻҪɱõԵʥ𣿡վһ㳯λӦ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿ׷ȥ
ԷȻҲӦǣ붼û룬㼫ߡ
ڹʥ۷֮УվӵʵһģνĹʥҶһ֮⣬վǿ
οҶһĻýڣ˭վһս
ϧҶһڣӦ̵Ĺʥ۷עӲġ
Ľ
Ҷһͺһ˻ڿվĽȴѾǰǸӦ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿնȥ
վӿҶһһۣĿЩأȻҲܵĽĿƣЩļ¡
ңĽĹ˭Ҳ޷ܣֻӲ
ߣ
ڴʱǰͻȻһƺߡ
λӦ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿߣƺĽ˵ˣٶ½һЩ
ͬʱҶһЦһ³֣ý磡
ʱý罵٣档
λӦ̵Ĺʥ۷壬ߵĿܣվӺҶһסˡ
ԭӦ̵ƹʥþòվӿǰĹʥ۷ǿߣЦ˵
ƹʥܵԼʵýɫʱһЩŵվӣӦ̺ûʲôԹֻҪ֤ɱңҿ԰ǶԸˣӦԸ֡
ҶһЩпʱʥ۷ǿߣ߲ʵĴڡ
񣬹ʥ۷弶ǿߣȴǰе־ˡ
ƹʥ˵ЦˣȻʮ칬ǾǾ֣ûгԹɲҪվЦ˵
ҶһҲ˵֡ʥ˵У㣬ʸ񣡡
ƹʥ̸֪£ˣһݣ͵سҶһȥЦСӣ֪ҶǳĻýܴҾҲҪ㣬֪ûʸɱ㣡
վ׼֣ͻȻֹסˣվԶҪƹʥ֮̽һҶһʵ
ҶһЦһеĴ֮͵ػնһƵĽӶʱӶƹʥ˽ȥ

ƹʥҽţڽУҲ̶á
Զվͫһ
һشһλʥ۷ǿߣƹʥʵý˹ʥڣҲ˵Ҷһʵﵽ˸ĳ̶ȡ
ʱ˵ûӵʵȻҲˡվ뵽ɫЩ
վ˶£˶ٿͷӵʵ
Ҷǳãһαչصʱ䳤
վô붼ģʡȻһ漴̾˿
ǰвҶһҶһʵڻýİ£ǿôв
վֻЩԼûиҶǳ˺
˫ȻЩ֮ûд֡
Ժøùϵˣ֮ǰĲ졣վ̾գɱƹʥ
ҶСѣ㣡
վӴһ˫ŴԪնո޸ƹʥٴն顣
ҶһЦһԼʵվŶĳƺˣСӱҶСѣȻʵΨһ
ܡⲻܣҶǳôôǿȿվӶǿ
ԶشƹʥһŵؿҶһг˲˼顣
ǺǣΪɲܵ漣ҶСѲűΪ½һţ㵱һǷϲİվ˸ƨ漴߾ٴԪն׼ƹʥһ
Ҷһ˹ȥֹ˿վӣȵɱҪ׽


1684 ׽ʥ
Ҷһֹ˿վӻɱƹʥԼȥƹʥӡȻԼʥ档
վһԿɻ󣺡Ϊʲôɱ׽ȴȥ󣬿ɾͲɱˡ
ţһãɱҲ١Ҷһ˵
վӵҶһԼĿģʱЦȻˣǾˣҿҪ㣬һȥˣɱǾĵӦˡ
ҪҶǳȻö£Ҷһ
ˣ
Ҷһ˵ͷҲ֪
ʮ칬棬ҶǾߣɱҲɱˣ˭Ҳָ˭వ¡
ȥˣӦ̿϶ƹʥ򣬵ʱǾͻ֪ƹʥ汻ɱģǶӦ̵ƣǲܲ
ʵҶһҲû׼ȥ׼Ҹɴ˿վӣͽƹʥԼʵ
˵ҲûҪ˳ȥֻҪŴȥҲа
Ҫ˻ûʲô
ţˣ
Ȼվӵ˵
ҶһѾ̽⵽ˣЦ˵ˣֵ˵أҽǻ׽
û⣡վЦӦ˵ֻǾ֮ͣΪʮ칬ҲҪ̭Щˡ
ܹ˸ҶǳĹϵǺֶΪ
ҶһҲǿһ㣬֮Կվ࣬˷·һһж׽˵Ĺʥ۷ǿߡ
ֻ׽˳Ԩ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿߡĹʥ۷ǿߡϷĹʥ۷ǿߺͱĹʥ۷ǿߡĹʥ۷ǿߡ
ҶǳǱ𽻺ãΪζҳ֣ӦֲŶԣ»֪ѪѾ£˶Ըˡ
Ĺʥ۷ǿ߱׽󣬶ҶǳȰ˵
վһЦֲܴǱ
ҶһЦˣҸ𽻺ãǱ˿ɸûϵλ֪νûУϴһѣһء
ߣԲѣĹʥ۷ǿԣʱ֪£ҶһɵóƾҲ𣬼ֱȡ衣
һˣҲϻҶһ˵漴ͰѴ˶Լʥ
һԵĿվ˵λʥѹܴǽĹƶʥǿߡλʥڣο²
ˣҶһһ
վɫЩŹ֣ʵ޷ҶһĻλĽˣ㻹ɱɱ
㻹ʣ°Ѫ̵ûץҿҶһһԼʥķ²漴˵
˴Ĺʥ۷ǿߣѾץңֻʣ°Ѫ̵ˡ
УҶһץѪ̵ģ˴гԹ
Ѫ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿã֪漴ֵˣڶû
˾ͨǱУֶζ̽⣬²ôץġվӳ
Ҷһ˵ҪǷͷңңˣǶҲ塣
׼߿վӣʥеĹʥ²ԼΪ
㲻ڴ˵·վӲؿҶһ
ҶһһЦֻҪ㲻ҵܹ̽鵽
ǾУҵˣһ֪ͨ㡣վӵ˵ͷ漴һ̤նȥʧڰããС
ҶһʧĿվӣɵЦһﻹʶȤֻǿϧˣҲ㱨˵أλʮҲŹ㡣
վȻвϾû֡
ڿվӶΰ²жĹʥҶһҲͲˡ
Ҷһ֪λʮǻţ϶Ǻùġ
ʱʥаձʥδˡ
˼֮䣬ҶһһطʱһϢ󷨣ʼʥеĹʥ²
ʥ۷弶ǿߣܿͱţһﵽ˹ʥ۷徳硣
ǿ󰡣
ҶһڵĿֲЦȻȲϱ𣬵˿ӦҲԿʥڵǿˡ
ҶǳʥڣȻʥڡ
ʥ֮УҶһģʱ½ĶҪǿһЩ
ټϻý磬ôڵʥҲһս·硣
ڣҲԱʵ̽һ´˵صˡ
Ҷһ׼ȥȻһܵǿϢԼϮ
Ҷǳڣ
վӲڣɱ
Ѫ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿߣаĹʥ۷ǿߣͬʱ֣ɱҶһ
ҶһüͷһЦȻҸҶûз֣˻ֶΣ


1685 һ
ҶһȷЩԾĹʥ۷ǿߺѪ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿ߾Ȼȴûһ˿һĸӦ
Ҫʥ͵ϮңҾҪùˣ
Ҷһ뵽԰ɵüɵ
˵Ķɱ֣ԭǻ½ĵһɱֻ֯ãеһλɱֽ
ˣҲɱ֯λĴ̣
ȻΪĴ֮һǰ·û䣬ǻ½һɱ֯
ֻҲɱĴ̺ˣֻ
ϧˣǻʥȴѾʥˡ
ҶһǰϮӰɵЦһ
ý罵٣
һҶһʩչ˻ý磬档
ϮӰɵһ٣漴ɱҶһ
ǣ˲ͣ٣ҶһѾˡ
䣡
ҶһһŲ̤գһӣһɫӡͻ¡
ǲ
֮䣬顣
пֲƵѪ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿ߻ɳȥ˫˫ѪɫҰס
㡭Ĺʥ۷ǿߵɴ۾ŵŶҶһ
ԱߣѪ̵Ĺʥ۷ǿҲһţ𾪵ȻܹһشǣվҲ㡭ﵽʥ磿ôܣ
ʵ̫ˣ֪վӺǿһֱڷſվӡ
ֱվȥ֮ǲԼöҶһ֣ΪֻҪҶһôվӾûлý
ʱǶ֣ܹվӵġ
û뵽ҶһʵȻȿվӻҪǿ
λؾǰĹʥɣҺܺ棬ζҵ̽飿
ҶһûѪ̵ĹʥǿԱߴź·İʥЦʵ
Ĺʥ۷ǿЦһ𣿡
ǰܣ֪ܵˣ˶ģ¶ֺ
ȻˣҲûˣ
ҶһһЦ漴Ӷ֮һƳգƺƵĽӣʱͽǰ˾˽ȥ
ĽУѪ̵ĹʥͰĹʥش˿
Ҷǳ㲻Ҫ⣬һɱ㣬ұģѪ̵Ĺʥ
ɱҰʥҰҲ㲻ݣ͵ʥɱִɱɣĹʥ˵һҲη
ҶһøǷϻڽǷӡ֮󣬱㽫ţ
һҶһ߸ʥ۷弶ˣñ۳λʥ۷弶ķ
ټǱǰλʥ۷弶ķ
ֻһٶȼŴȻžŹһҶǳʥ硣
Ҷ˿վˣ
Ҷһգ̽ȥʱֿվӵϢԷŴ˵ظϹ
˵ʵеĶ˿վӣܼŴʥ۷弶ķˡ
֮ǰѾͿվӻ֮Сìܣɱ֣Ҳ²ȥ
Ҷǳɱ֮ˣɱҲֻɱĵˣվӱϾδֹ
οվͬһӪ
ҶСѣ㿴ˣվѾҶһ֮ǰܵ˵صսѸٸ˹
Ҷһ˵ѾƷˣǳȥɣ
վһʥ۷弶ǿߣҲ޷Ʒֻߡ
ҶһȻô̵ʱڽƷлýʵҲδֲ̫˰ɡ
վӲɵһ̾ҶСٹãܹʥˡ
Щʣ˿ҲֻϾҶһʵѾҲ޷ʲôС˼
ǰ˵ЦˣҲãôʥ硣Ҷһǫ
վƲƲ죬ɱˣȻô죬Ѿ̫ˣ˭ô졣
˲ٶԣڿվӵĴ£ǻ˼µʱ䣬뿪Ƭãã硣
ԶʮΰĹڲ֮£ɢһɰ֮ơ
ԶԶȥʮ̫ɽâɣ˸е𺳡
ʮ칬ʮ칬濴Ӱ
վ̾˿пôˣܼʮǵõˣﻹǳ֣ʥʥƼ
Ҷһ˵ͷ󵽵ʮ칬жôԻͣʮλʥĴ̺ҲҪ˱ᡣ
ϧҲΪˣĴ̺֣ҲҪʮ칬
ΪεڶûЩʥѵǽȥˣҶһüͷ˵
վӵ˵ͷ˵˵ҲûʲôĽѾȥˣʮʥԳһ磬ǳ


1686 
ʮ칬ȻǰҶһǿվӣû
վǷǳʮ칬Ŀ£Ҵ⡣
ҶһǲµлŵġʮȻСĽ
֮ǰһû£ϾֻһҲˡѾ߸ʥ۷弶ˣЩû취ȥˣʧ̫ˡ
ҶһĿŲԶʮ칬а뵽
رȻԸ
ǣ²ġʮţδܹ뿪˵ء
ҶһҲֻĴ̺ʮλʥһЩԿ⡮ʮ
ʮλʥ֣гʱ֮⣬˻ʥڣӦԿλʮɣ
ҶһЩȷ뵽
㣬λʮȻԿĴ̺Ǽɵԣɼʵ϶ǿޱȣҲʥڡ
񣬳ô꣬˭֪ǡʮǲǶʥ۷壬ǾžŹһֱӿ̤񾳽磿
ӦòܣܹͲöˡ
㲻񣬿Ҳʥ۷֮ϡ

ҶһŲԶʮ칬š
һԣվЩͲסˣתͷҶһѯʵҪȥ𣿡
ڿ뿪𣿡Ҷһʵ
ڿ뿪뿪ջѾܴˣûҪڴ˵ء
ʮ칬ûϾõʮ칬Ҳû취ߡ
˵ʮλʥҲнʮλʥôʮ칬
ʮ칬ףȥѣ
վҡͷҪȥֻ취һǿд󷨳ȥڶǵõʮ칬Ϊʮ칬ˣλҹʥǳȥ
Ҷһԣʱüͷ취ɶ̫ˡ
󷨾Ͳˣʮλʥֶƣ˵һˣҲ
ڵõʮ칬Ҷһѹûλʮкܴʻţ˭ܴжʮ칬
취Ҷһÿվˣλҹʥûʮ칬ĿȨδؿ뿪
վҪڴ˵ˣϧ߸򡣡Ҷһһ̾
漴Ҷһ㳯ǰʮ칬ȥ
վӸ˹üȥģ
Ȼ޷뿪˵أǵȻǵýȥȻɵɵվڴ˵𣿡Ҷһһۡ
վӷ˷۵ʮɶͬң˭֪ʱһ棬һǴڵĹǻ𣿡
ҶһʱͣסŲղû뵽⣬ʱһʱסˡ
ǰǴڵĹǿ϶·һ
ʮôɡΣҶһЩ˵
վЦʮǳʱ˿ҲδػŹǡ
ҶһƵص˵ͷѾɱĴ̺λʥ۷ǿˣʱǵʥ϶·һˡ
ʶԷô֪ҶһɱˣĴ̺иԵֶΣ˭ɱǵˣϿ϶մһЩصϢ
ҶһɵüͷתͷԱߵĿվӣʵǰӦѡ
ʮվԣ׼˵ͻȻǰ洫һǿϢĻ
ҶһͿվӶʱǰȥ
ֻԶһϤӰһ˳ɢһɳǿơ
ҹʥҶһһҲû̫ȣϾ֪ҹʥ˴˵ء
ӦýˣԱߵĿվӣɫأг˲š
ҶһͫһӦȥʱλҹʥΪѾʥ磬ȻֻʥڣҲʥ
ôôﵽʥ磿ǡҶһ֮˲뵽ˣҹʥ϶һʹ˾žŹһܹѸΪ
ҹʥõôӴ
Ҫ֪һʥҲŽ˹ʥ۷塣
عƵλʥڵǿߣûҹʥʥ硣
λʮ
ҶһͻȻһ
ڿȷλʮǿ϶ˡ
Ҷǳþòҹʥ̤նһţ緢
Ҳѹ֣һӴӴʥ̤˹ʥ磬ûã̤ʥ磬ֽٶȣκ˽ˡ
ͺñһСķˣһӱ飬ôܲԴ
ҹʥҶһ˵
˵꣬ͱҹʥˣԷüͷһһư˵ҶǳӦýһѾ̤ʥ磬ôǲǸоţ


1687 ŵĻ
ҹʥһӵؿǰҶһͿվӡ
һҲûǰ˷
ҶһͲ˵ˣʮ칬Щ磬ʱҶǳṳ̂ʥ磬Ÿոյִﱱãûչֳʲôǿʵ
ԣ֪Ҷǳڵʵжôǿ
ڿվӣǰҲֻ˵վӵĴʶˡ
վҲǹʥ۷ѣֻҪûдﵽʥ磬Ͳ⡣
Ͼڵʵʵڵʥ
Ҷǳ츳ٸߣУҲֻ϶ѡ
ǰҶһиеǳʹ졣
ҶǳΪ½һţͼˡ
ңҶǳԱܲˬ
ڣлᱨˡ
ܹʥ磬ҵ֮Уոսʥ㣬ôô̤ʥ磬㵽ʮ칬ڵõʲô
վӿǰĻɵúʵ
ĿЩȣʥһʥ磬õֱǸ̤ʥ磿
ò˵վӶʥ׷󣬽Щħˡ
ĲҲǶԵģҶǳܹô죬˵츳ϾҶǳ츳Ǿõġ
ǻ츳ֻһѣڻ½ʲôܡ
һ츳һˣŸոսʥûãô̤ʥ磬˵ûⱦ˭ţ
˭Ĺʥ۷ǿߣ֪Ĳࡣ
תͷվӣһưʵ
ǰʥ۷Ǹ߲ʵǿڡ
񣬹ʥ۷ǾͲֵһˡ
һ£λǰվӣ˳ƿռʥ㲻֪ܲһԵҶһЦ
һЩȵؿſվӣпû뵽ǶĿռʥʱչʥԶǳԽ˹ʥ۷ǿڣܹˣҡ
ʱʥͿռʥĴģʱ˵վӺʱֻǴ˵
ǰǵ֪ʱѾ̤ʥ硣
Ҳûʲô𺳵ĸоϾҲʥˡ
뵽һţ˫֣ǰĿվӣЦ˵վӣҲûõʲôǿԼʥ硣
վߵ㵱ǰ׳Ҵʥôǿ̤ʥ磬츳ôô̵ʱ̤ʥ硣
ԴЦ漴ٺЦû뵽ǰһҴʥͷҲܱռʥ֪ҵҡ
ЦգתͷһԵҶһ۾һվӣ֪Ϊʲôô죬ԱߵҶǳ֪ˡ
ţվüͷһ壬ɵתͷԱߵҶһЩɻ
ҶһûվӣǶŻߵˣҿǷģ͸¶Ǹܡ
ٸװ⣬ԣɷôңԣʱȻŭӣɷݺݵصҶһ
ҶһЦûΥԣҪ־͹̫ˡ
Ҷǳ̫ˣǰǶ㣬죬Ȼ˴˵أǾͱɣŭЦ
ҶһЦһƿ׳һ˵ɵ֪֪ǸܣȻһ
ţ㡭ͫһ漴ݺݵҶһɫѿ˵Ƿ
룡ҶһЦ
޺޵˵ɶ񡭡ƻСӣ
ǵĶԻԱߵĿվӼֱһͷˮ⡣
ǵ˵ЩʲôʲôܣʲôվɫؿҶһʵ
֮ʲôܡ
ǺǣҪʻˣҿǷģû취㡣Ҷһʼ磬ЦЦ
վü
ߵҲûϵ˴˵أ˭Ҳ뿪ˡ
ĻÿվɫһվӲû⣬һʥڣ򲻹Ҳܹ
˵Ա߻ҶǳҶǳĻýУɲʥڵǿߡ
ûдϻĻں֪Ҷһеܣʲô
ֻ˵վӣ»֪ʮ칬ʮλʥʵһˡһλǿʥӵоλʥķµľء
ʲôⲻܣվԣ۾ɵϴš
һϹŶĴڣʮ칬Ļɲֹһθʮ칬
ʮ칬ʮλʥйݵĽ
ԣ֪ʮʥȻһˣе𺳿֪


1688 ¶
̫ˣվӼֱš
ǰĻվɫں˵˵ʲôʮҶôͬһˣҳʥһûܵ޷ֱʥķ
վţǳԽʥ۷ǿڣʥҲеô޷ֱʥķ
Цһֱܷʥķʥķֱ治
˵ʲôվɫ䣬͵תͷԱߵҶһŵ˵Ҷǳķ
ûҶһ˵Ļ㳰ЦҶǳķ֮ǰˣѪתģҲķ
ЦѪλɱҶǳȴ֪ǶԸֻҶǳһѡ
ҶǳһѪ̣Щʥˣתò˵

ʮ칬ĺᣬȻҲĴ̺ûʲôøУֵÿҶǳϷˣǡ
ֻǴ˿̣վŻĻļֱĲš
⡭𣿡վ۾ǰҶһһһʵ
ҶһЦûҸλʮһҲоŸ֮ǰһȥģҵĺŷһŷԽҶһ
⡭ôܡ
õҶһ׿ڴ𸴣վɫ䣬̲ס˼ŵؿǰҶһ
ǷǳǰҶһʵǲ¡
ʵǱأ
վķԼǲΣô£
ǿǰҶһٿǰĻǵˣôƭ
վʵڲš
תͷɫʵô˷
ҾͲˣҵķǡʮģҶǳġ
˵ɵŭҧгݵصҶһⱻСӷʮ칬ѣֻܱҪЮˡ
Ҷһ΢΢ЦҪлˣû㴫ҵķҲӵнĳɾ͡
ʮأؽͳ½֮󣬶Ĳ֮ݺݵضҶһ
ҶһЦҵţ
˻ｻ棬һԵĿվӳ˵ô˵֮ô죬ǿˣ
ĿЦһ˵ַɲǷô򵥣˵ΪȻΪһܳԽ𡣡
۾ЦֻҪŴһΪʩչžŹһ֮ñɾŴ𣬴ӶʹñΪһС硣
վһ˹ֱǰδš
̲ס˵ֻҪ㹻ֱ񾳽磿
˵վӲɵÿҶһɫˣ֮ǰҪ׽Щʥ۷壬ҲΪ˴ȥ
Ҷһ΢Ц
վӼ״жʱȻһ̣ˡ
ĻҶһЦȥٺ٣㻹ҰɣˣպɱǣӦܹƳһʥķ
Һܺ棬ʮλʥأλʮѹ𣿡Ҷһ˵գʮ
վӵ۾ҲЩǡ
λʮĻţǽΣˡ
ʮλʥѣʮʥʮѾѹˡһŵ˵
ҶһЦҿðɣʮʮλʥףҪɱѹǣѶȾ̫ˡҹƣڡʮԸʮλʥֻǸǵġ
ҪǣŭЦһưسƾʥҲӣɱǵģ·
ϣֱһȭشƣⷽնս
ȭƥҶһͿվС
ǣһмʥɱǻ׾١
һȭƺƵһȭȥ飬ֱӴ͸ռ䣬˲併ҶһͿվǰ
ǹǿЩϢ
ʥ
֪Եˣʲô̶ȵʵ
ߣվһΧĿռƬ֮У˲ͺˣ㿪˻һȭ
ҶһЦһͬһȭӭȥ
ռȭ
Ҷһȣ磬ȫâ貣ͬһս
ž޴ȭӡһȭǰض䴩ˡ
ȭͷֱӾͱˣǹռĿֲǽɳȥ
ڵɵ;Уͫһš


1689 
ⲻܣ
ȻһҪǿö࣡

Զסӣֱָۣһ𾪺ͲŵضҶһһƬ
ѾʥˣȻֻǳڵʥҲȹʥǿö࣬ôܻᱻҶһһȭɣ
Ҫ֪ǰҶһֻҶǳһ߷ѣһֻǹʥ۷塣
Ǳս
ôܣ
ʵȻǿˣ
󷽣վӿҶһչֳǿʵҲһ¡
ܿͻ֮ǰŽʱҶһֻǹʥڣղţҶһȴչ˹ʥ۷Ϊ
ʱվЩˡ
ҶǳıΪӦǹʥ۷壬֮ǰڲŽʱǹʥڣֱ²һЩʥ۷֮֮ˣŽ˹ʥ۷徳硣
վ뵽֮ǰҶһֿ¾ΪЩ²Ĺʥ۷ǿߡ
뵽վӶʱʵ۾ˣķõˣվڻ½۷Ҳǲܡ
ϾֻҪ㹻ΪҪ
ʵ𣿿ʥҲֻ
ԶҶһһϷŰؿ٩
Ѿӵʥڵսټϻý磬ѹƻ
뵽Ҷһʱʩչý罵١
˲䣬ԶĻʱоԴһ㱻ͻĻýС
վʥܿȶ
ɫÿΪýɵսʵ
ˣ֮ǰҲ£Ҹˡ
۾ԶҶһɫޱȡ
Ҷһʵ֮⣬ֱš
û뵽Ҷǳһ߷ӵǿս
ôҶǳıأ
ͲӦôŹжЩˡ
ʱһ⻮Ʋ񷣬Ż
ҶСѣ֣ٽնɱ򣬵ʮʥǱǵˡ
վӴҶһ˵ҶСȻֻǷ֮ǰջ˲ҲԸڴ˰ɡ
䣬վ˫ֽӡһɫƥһɫԲ䵶Żͷ¡
Ԫն
վӴһ
ʥĸ֣˿⣬һֱǾС
һڿռһϵռչֳһƥľâǰ綼г롣

˺գƵûˡ
һվӣȻұýսܹұˣɱһĹʥ۷ǿ̫ˣǺʱĿռʥ
ǴһӡԼʥվӵɫâס
Уʱһľ죬ըһ㡣
ǲ
Ƭ̣ɫâ㱻ʥ飬һռƬΧĿռ䡣
󣬻ٿʥվӺɳȥ
ۣ
վ˿ѪڲԶͣסӣɫޱȡ
ʵվǱʥѷɫһЩңûʥԣлýɲ
ʱʥ磬ҶǳҲԽˣھǰʥ硭Ҳİ
վŭг˲ʡ
վӣųƿռʥۻ½
ȴһֱڹʥ۷壬ѾԽ˹ʥ۷徳磬ɾʥ벽֮ң
İ
䣡
ԶҶһˡ
վܣҶһЦһֳִ֮ǰĻһ
һռľ⣬۳һƺƵĽ
¡¡
ڲϢ
һɽƣ·濪ٵ֮ʱʼԽʱգκҲ޷赲
ռ𣿡
棬ɫһ䣬ɽǰоԼͬһС·ֵһᡣ
治ռ֮
˶˵ռ֮һ·û뵽ӾȻߵز

𺳣һҲҴ⣬ҧȫ߶Լʥʹʥ貵⡣
䣡
һ̣նƺˣ綼һƬɫĹâ֮С
ʥһ貵̫һͷų޾ŶĽײȥ
ռ֮Ҳֻǹʥ۷壬ҾͲűȲ㣡
ŭţеľ޴̫Ҷһݺݵȥ
䣡
һƥĽƵնһ޴ԨǾ޴ķ϶ӿֳ޾ĺڰǰһйâˡ
â֮У۾һͻɫ䡣
Ϊһ֮⣬ؿڻ϶Ѻۡ


1690 
ôܣ
ͷԼϸֵѺۣͫȻһĲš
ղһȻˡ
ҪǶΣǾҪܵشˣ
ȥɣ
ڻҶһʵʱһ۵ɫƥ
ǿվͻȻϮ
ɫһ䣬ִ֮ʣæٿʥǰϮĿվӺȻײȥ
ۣվѪɳȥ
ǵѪҺһؿ˻ǳһĨЦݡ
ΪĻѾˣڻָ塣
ȻվӳеʱյķǳãڻҶһһɲǣٶȸһ

Ȼŭˣָȫʥ㳯ſվӺɱȥ
أ
һ貵Ľ⼤
Ҷһֳִ֮ڰУһЦĶң
˵꣬һ貣âɽȥ
ȫ߶ʥս߶۷壬ҧֵҶһĹ
ȻҶһ籩һĹ£ĽڽڰˣҶһĶ֡
ҵĻý֮УʥڵǿߣҶаһսοոսʥڡ
ҶһǰĻм֮ɫ
ʵ̫ˣûҶǳǿΪûȹ̣ʵʱԶˡ
Ҷһãһʥһ
ʹûлýæҶһаջܻοлýҶһܻ͸ˡ
οԱ߻пվӲΧ
ɶҴġתһнʵ
ʣݺݵصҶһгԹͷŭ
ҶһЦҿû㣬Ҫھҳȥұ֤ɱ㡣
ƨƿڴŭҶһҪߣΰɣ
ǾͱҲˣҶһ߶֮ȫʩչռһ貵ĽʱŻȥ
ѾԹռĿֲʱɫһ䣬æˡ
Ҫɱң㻹ԶˣǾűʮʰɣ
һˣʱֱ˵һڡ
ȻˣٲߵĻҪҶһɱˡ
ô죿Ҫ׷ȥ𣿡վӷ˹ѯʵ
ҶһŲԶʮýȥˣֱʩչý磬ǵʮλʥԿλʮ
վһ𾪵Ϊʮ棬ÿһһλʮ򣿡
ֶ֮ƣ
ҶһЦǰһʮλʥ֮ͻȻʧ¾ǱǰʮֱѹˡȻʮı;Ŵֱеʮλʥ֣пȫƷʮλʥ
վԵһʮȻҪɱнʥĴֶ̺Ը𣿡
ǺǣֶԸˣǱ˳Լʵ
ҶһЦô꣬¾ڵһ죬Ƕϵˡ
ֻгȥʥܶԿʮˡվӳ
Ҷһ˵ͷ̾ϢֻԿýûãûãǾ͵ɡ
վͫһɫѿҶһֻһ߷ʧҲ
Ǳԣһ䣬Ǿ군ˡ
ǰʩչýҶһվӲɵš
¡¡
ҶһĻýʱ٣ҳǰʮӹȥ
䣡ʮ𵴣ͻȻ貵⡣
赲վɫ΢䣬жʱһ
Ҷһȴ򶨵ûϵҵĻý鹥ǵֵסġ
˵֮䣬ýѾʮˡ
һ˲䣬ҶһͿվӶɴ۾ǰʮ
ǲֻܿܵȴˡ
˰Σվ̲ס˵ֿˣʩչý磬޲ĹҲһˣ
ҶһЦģֻҪҼˣҶýĹ
о仰û˵ʩչýʱֻʱ˱ý
İλʥûˡ
ΪҶһǣֵÿЩ˱ʮˣӶĴ̺ʵ
Ҷһ޲áʮԱѪһĽѵ
䣡
ڴʱһĴͻȻըһǱӰϲ񷡣
ߣ
˾Ȼ£Ե÷ǳǱһҲû֮ǰİƣĶӵİܱ
վӿĿɿڴǵһμôǱֱš
ȴûмվӣҧһʥ֮ϺȻײȥ
ұ
һȻֱʥɿֲĴըʮ칬ػ󶼸ըһ޴Ŀ
漴һɳ죬ʧС


1691 ʮ
ȻʹԱԼʥҲҪƴߡ
ɴ˿ɼλʮжôǿ
ҶһͿվӶһۣ˶û˵볯ͷϿǸ޴Ŀȥ
Ϊ֪ߵᡣ
ڼСʮ칬ػ޲󷨡
ҪǱ޸ˣǾӲˡ
ʱֶ룬ҶһͿվӶƴӿٶȣſȥ
Ǹ֮ᡣ
䣡
·ո뿪ŵͻȻһž޴ƣҶһͿվץ
Ȼˣֺαؼأ
һ
漴޴գǲ񷣬ҪҶһͿվ档
٣˵鶼Ťˡ
ҶСѣԲסˣ
ͻȻԱߵĿվʩչԪնҶһͷ
վӿȻҶһһЦҧңֻǷҲûʲôʧȴһҪʥ
վӾͻȻϮҶһ
ҲԸ񣬹ؼʱҶһסʮøĻᡣ
ϧҴˡ
Ҷһɲʵܿġ
վӣѾ֪ҵܣһԥҪҪɱ㡣ǼȻȶ֣Ǿͱˡ
ҶһŭЦýʱվҲֽȥ
һ˲䣬վӶʱһ١
Ҷһȴǳô˲䣬һվӵĴԪնͷϿյĿȥ

վӴӻý֮зӦʱֻ޴ѾС
ҲվŭţŽǰĿȴҲӲˡ
Ҷһһۿվӣҡͷһ̾תʧڿ֮С
ͱʮ칬ػ󷨸޸ˡ
վӣҲֻ޴Ƹˣ궼Ӳȥ˶һ˲䡣
ʮ̫ǿˣǰվӶͬһ㣬˲
Сӣ˼˶ˣȻһ
·һΰӰһ˳ջؿվ򣬳ŲԶİɫȥ
ʱɫ֮б߳һϤӰҶһ
ֻҶһµһͨʥ˼ʵûС
Ϊǰλʮ̫ǿˣԼƣҲҶһ߷еѹ֣ɶɲ
ʮ״ɵ֣ʱҶһķԶ˹
ҶһʮǰҶһķ
֮ҪǰʮӴһ£˴˫ûкĿܡ
ʮ
ǰΰȻ漴ɹȻЦû뵽Ĵ̺ҵŶĨˣҲգô궼ȥˣҲֻһţͳƺʮɡ
ǰʣµļλʥΣҶһķЦʵ
Ȼǰġʮǳǿ͸һ㶼壬ֻǷķһʧûС
ʮҲ֪һ㣬ֱǰˣﻹҶһϻ
ȻʮҲЩ棬ҶһķЦ˵ĸǻЩѣĻý˶ѾҸƷˡҵǺܺ棬ΪƫƫŹˣŹˣ
ͬڻý֮УղſǷǳҶһֻ˶Կʱķûܵ˿Ӱ졣
Ŀ䣬ҲסȻҪˣǾ͸޹ˣ͵ǸǰˡҶһķЦ˵
ʮ¶ɻ֮ɫ
Ҷһķ¶֮ɫЩȵѵûи˵ҵġתһҵģŹҵʵ
Ȼתһˣʮԣͫһɫʱ
أ
һ̣һǱӰӺ󷽵һڵɳȥݺݵˤڵϣҵĿѪ
Ҷһͷȥǻ
˿̵ĻﻹиղŵŰ裬ʱſڵϣͷ̧ĵˡⱻСӷʮ칬ΪڸϢҲѲŴתһġ
ʮԣһ߷ɻɫһֻʣһˣһ㣡
ͷ̧ͷԶ
ҶһЩ꣬ʥʮǰȴŵøһһ
ʶʮǿҶһҲܹ⡣
ǿʥǿߣټýİֻǱӡ
ɴ˿ɼǰλʮʵﵽʥ۷塣
⣬ֻʮһ߷ѡ
Ҳѹֻôʮˡ
ҶһǣôĴʮȻûɱ
йʲôܡ


1692 ת
ʮûмͷתͷҶһķСӣѧҵġתһɻˡ
Ҷһ΢΢ЦǰֻĿ䣬ֻҪҲڳôԸҶֹ˵ԺܺأʱټҲ٣
Ŷ
ʮȤضҶһϷŰСӵҰĺܴ󰡣ѧҵġתһҲѹҰˡ
תһǿ˭
Ҫһ㣬ˡתһ÷ȥ£ԼԱ֤Եİȫ
ʣӵĹ˭ûҰģ
ǰ֪ҵҽһ£ҽҶǳһɢޣǰ˲̣ڣǿʥء
ҶһԡʮǿߣҲ̸ϳţ˵Ĵ첹̴ﵽʮ칬ĸ߶ȣҺǰһ޷ֿĴ̺֡
ҶһĻʮ۾һУĿдһĨЦСӺôҰģҵʮ칬ΪĿ꣬Ϊƾһšתһܿʮ칬ʵ𣿡

ҶһĿϬŶʮһһҵĿ겻ʮ칬ҵĿǿһĴһ
ʮһǰһŵˣĿһ
ΪҶһĿһôŬҲҪһ
ԲѣڴʱԶſڵϵĻ̲סҶһ̵ƾСҲҸ֪浱꿪ʮ칬˶˼𣿺ȣ㻹̫Զˡ
죡ʮǳ
ͷʱ˵ˡ
ʮû𣿾ƾܹڹʥ۷壬Իʥͱǿöࡣ
ߺԴ͵ˡ
ҶһƳ˻һۣЩؿʮʵǰķΪʲôҪţѵ
ķһˡʮߵ
ԶĻԣ̲ס¡
Ҷһʱ⡣
ҺֵܵΨһᣡ
ҶһĲĿУʮ̾˿͵һֵܣĺֵܣðմؾ빲ֱһΣҽ˻ؾǸؾ
ʮ˻䣬˵ǻؾΣյؾؾӦ֪Խǿͼʾĺɫ򣬱ԽΣա
ȥһλؾǺɫȷʵΣգҲֻΧתתҶһͷ
ʮҺһɢޣɢҪǾ͵ƴһνؾҺλֵһݣֱӳ˺ɫ棬һǳµؾ
˵ţʮҶһЦѧġתһؾڵõġ
Ҷһɫһڻˣšתһ˿ֲܹԴĹ
Ȼǻǿġ
ֻʮ˵ؾˣԻһԺˣ˵۱ǳԴԺڻ磬Ҳġ
Ҷһһ
Ժ
Ϥˡ
ġջñӡǴԺĴԺеġõԺ˵ҲǴԺĵӡ
ؾʵ̫ΣˣΪ˵õתһŹλֵҵһαΣǷһ
ʮƳһ۲ԶĻߵԣҲ
˵꣬ʮֿҶһ΢΢ЦʵתһŹǽħģֻΪħ̫ˣԱ޸ĺ󣬽Ϊġתһ
ò˵ʵ̫ˣ޸һε棬˲Ĺ
Ҷһķǳ𶯣û뵽šתһı󣬾Ȼǣۡ
Ҷλ棬޴ڣҶһип
۾ѾǺܶǰĴ˵ȥô꣬ĺۼɴڡ
һ֣𺳡
ҶһҲЩλ档
СӣĻý粻ܴҶܵӰ죬սһʥᱻս
ʮǰҶһ˵Ը֣ĻýҾ޾Ĵ̺ˡ
ǰҪҰæڵľŴҲǴﵽʥ۷壬þžŹһ֮󣬲Ϳ񾳽𣿡Ҷһ
ʮҡͷתһ޷ģҪ񣬻þһضɽ٣Ҳѵһأɹ񣬶ɲǾ·һ֪ɣλûжɹ٣䣬Ϊټ


1693 
Ҷһһ㶣û뵽λǿߣȻһλʧܵ׼
ҲӲ淴ӳٵĿ£׼񾳽磬ҲҪٵĿ飬ܳɾ
ҶһɵÿʮЩɻʵǰô꣬ѵҲûնɹ𣿡
ʮ΢΢Цûаգʱֲȥ磬еʱʵؼŶ١
ŶҶһЩ⣬ΪʲôǵȻʵ̤ߵľ硣
лȥ磬˭ɵĲȥ
Ͼֻȥ磬׷ߵľ硣
ڻ½ǾֻͣͲǰ
Ǻǣ
ʮƳҶһһۣȻҶһ˼Ц˵Ǹ߲ελ棬վڻ½۷壬һȥ˻磬ǾײߣʱΣա
Ҷһ˵ͷ½ʱ򣬱ײߡ
ԣִȥ磬ڻ½ûһЩʵ
ʮ˵ֻ֪Ҫ㹻ʵڶɹٺпֱԾ۷塣̹񣬱ˡ
̹񣡡Ҷһһ֪λһλܹϵ񣬶ǻ½Ψһһûд
û뵽Ҳ֪̹񣡡ʮҶһ˵Ӧ֪ʥںʥ۷ʵɣں۷ĲˡԣԸڻ½һʱ䣬ҲҪ۷ʵȥ磬ҲԱİա
ҶһȻȷ׵ķϾΣ쳣һʵͶһְȫ
⣬һҪؽʮ칬Ĵ̺ⶼҪʱġʮͻȻ¶ԼҰģҶһһ
ǰҪĴ̺Ҷһһ𾪵ؿʮ
ҲûҪŴ󳬼ֻҪŴ󳬼ƽѡ
ϾػľŴ󳬼ѱ
ȻҪŸ
ʮһЦŸռ˻½ԴѾ谭˻½ߵĳɳѵûзô½ѾܾûеˣԭŸ
Ƿܹ񣬸츳йϵŴ󳬼ʲôϵҶһɻ
ʮ˵ǿ츳ҲҪԴ½ԴŸռݡԣҪΪǾֻܳŸڲ
ǣŸڲжţʵϣţǱģزɢ޺ʥڡ
ȻʮҶһߵȻ˰Ÿ˸ܲ㹻Դʥѣ˵ˡ
ҶһüǰЩƫ˰ɣнʥ츳ǾŴҲɵҲڸš
أ㵱Ÿ𣿡ʮҶһһϷŰطʵ
Ҷһһ㶣漴ҡͷҵռ֮ҲŴ󳬼֮С
ôҲкܶŸһ޷Ŵ󳬼
ʮЦˣЩŲһǲڸտʼʱչ¶츳ǳʥչ¶츳űΪɡȻִɵţע˾ŴȻҲ޷ܾŴԴ
һЩŸ⣬Ϊûʦָ㣬Լ˲·ڱ˷ֲ츳ҲŴˡʵϣ࣬
Ҷһ˵ͷȷš
ǰͼһЩӣиţ츳ȴûĵ·ⶼΪûʦָ㡣
Ҷǳտʼʱ򣬾ŴΪռ֮עǸˣ޷ʥ
Ŵȴûע⵽Ҷǳľϵ츳ǻҶǳġ
ʧ󣬾̫̫ˡ
ңŴҲһֱյӣÿһʱգʱڣһܶš
ԣû˲ٻ
ʮտտҵĿıƷŴĶãû½عٻľ棬һֻҪ֮ӣܹ۷壬ʥ񡣡
˵գʮҶһ˵ұ֮ӣûоŴ˺ܿܳɾȻΪŴ󷨣ƵҲòüôꡣ
ҲһʵѾȫŴˣΪ⣬ɵ֮£Ҫ
Ҷǳҵʮ칬ɣҸƽƽĻᣬһƷŸɡ
ʮĿҵضҶһ˵


1694 ʱ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ʮȻҪЩϡ
ҶһҲɵܿͷӦˣԷǿýҪԿŴ󳬼
ʲôƽƽǲ˵ģ˭Ҫ浱ˣǲǰ׳ա
գҶһҡҡͷǰĺ⣬ҶĳˣҶĳѾԴɣټɡ
ʮ԰ֲֵɢ̣Ҫؽʮ칬βǺҵķһ𣬶ǺʮλǿһԴĲ̣Ϊʮ칬еһ칬
ǰȰ˵ˣҶĳʮ칬ġҶһɵ˵ʮּᶨ
ʮɫʱһ䣬ҶһСӣѾܾû˸ô˵ˣ֪ҵʵжǿһɱ㡣
Ҷһ΢΢Цǰֻҷķҷɱˣ˵вҵıˡοѾȥˣҪ˶ãоŴǿߴԸˣ㻹รɡ
õʮһĿʱӥ񣬽Ҷһ
ҶһҲ壬ôĿŶʮϺη֮ɫ
ʮͻȻЦˣǰҶһЦһСҿˣܺãҵҺʱ򡣲ҪҺٵӵʥ۷ս䡣
Ŭģڴ֮ǰǰȶɹŴһأǰԸֻ̳ˡҶһЦ
˻ԣòԶĻЩš
ЩҶǳˣʮҴһ
ҶǳȻʼն治ɫȣò
ߣŸ׳նѣҵ궼ǣοڣСӾ͵ſϷɡʮԣһмгš
Ҷһ˵ͷҲþŴκβʮĻλʮͲˡ
գҶһȻ˵ǰ֪ʱǷѾɱˣûУһǰ
ʮ΢΢۾Ҷһ˵ֻҪԸҵʮ칬ҿԽ͸㣬㴦á
ǰһѾǰȰ˵ˡҶһҡͷ
ʮߵȻˣʱˡ
Ҷһ̾˿ǰʮ˵ǰȣѵǼһĻҲ𣿡
һԣʮü漴ͬˣֻǼһѣ͵ҶǳһӣϾҶǳѾȡϿɣ˵ԺкĻᡣ
˵գʮ֣һڣʱɳһӰ
ʱ
ʱʱѾӡˡ
ҶǳʱҶһĿһ漴ЦԭֻǷСãȻˡ֪֮⣬˭ˣ
ǰߡҶһ̾
ʱͫһ漴̾һվѾһҲãΪʱչʥεҲȫˡ
һԵʮߵСӵ̹ȻҲ壬治ɫ
Թ˭ֻʱѣʱ˵ǰԺ˻磬ҲѱᱻǿնɱԹܹվ۷ģмˣ
ʮѾԺˣ
ʱûʮǿҶһ̾ҶСѣһϣҶСܹӦ
ǰ˵Ҷһæ˵ʱǰʲôĿģٶܶ࣬ĻҲϣʱԸ
ǷˣԺҪæԸҶСѳշ¡ʱ˵
Ҷһ΢΢Ц飬ǰİɣѾҸɱˣһŷԴأҪ͸ģһֱûлᣬʱһ͸
ʲôɱ˷ʱԵɴ۾ŵؿҶһ˵ҶСѣ㲻Ҫˣⶺҿİɡ
Ҷһҡͷǰʵɣҹ˷ƾǵԱ˲ҵġȻҹֻΪҪ׽
ԭˣʱԶĻͻȻеԭ׽һλʥѹΪô죡
ʱʱЩԺ׽һʥΪʲôϵ
ǰҸʮǰһˡתһҿԽΪҶһ͵
ʱһҶһЦСһֱ÷ƭң
ˡ
ҶһǸǰǸˣҲΪԱѡ
öԣ㣬Ҳʱֵ
漴йâһóһƷݸҶһ


1695 ջ
ݣ
ʱݳеƷʱԱߵʮ֣Ʒʱ䵽
ʱҲŭʮ˵һ󷨶ѣʮǰҲ
ʮĿһɨȷֻһ󷨣ֻʱ󷨣ʲô͹󷨡
ò˵Сʱһϣȷ˲𣡡ʮһ㽫ﶪҶһ
Ҷһɵÿʱ
ʱЦŽ͵ʱٴһ֣оʱٴ󣬽͸㣬͵лɱ˷
ǰ̫ˡҶһһߵлһ߲鿴ʱٴһʱĿɿڴ
Ϊʱٴ󣬾Ȼʱʮ򱶣ʱ֮ǰǸ򱶵ʱٴǿʮ
ҶһʱɵÿЦǰ㵱һ֣δҲ̫˰ɡ
ʱЦʱûôţʱֻоʮ򱶵ʱ٣ʮ򱶵ʱ٣ڽʥоġ
Ҷһ˵ͷ漴ллǰˣ
зǳмʮ򱶵ʱ٣νæ
֮ǰʹ򱶵ʱٴһ£ĿǰҪʥ磬ٵҪǧꡣ
ڣֻҪˡ
꣬ﵽʥ磬ֱ̫˷ˡ
Ҫ֪ɲͬΪһﵽʥ磬Ҷǳаʥ۷ǿһսˡ
ңΪֹ½δ˽ʥ硣
Ҷǳʥʥ֮У޵ˡ
ҶǳҲˡ
뵽ҶһɵиӸмʱϧԼȲʱ
ǰ㻹ʲôԸҶһʱæ˵ֻҪܹһǰɡ
ʱЦ˵ԵĻշһˣ澵ӣҲ͸
˵գʱȡһ澵ӣҶһ
Ҷһϵ澵ӣԧ쾵ʥ˵ʱĶ֮˸һ档
ҶһתͷʮЦʵǰ澵ҿԴ𣿡
ʮƳһۣһʥѣ͸СҲ޷
лǰȣҶһЦ漴˾ӡ
ʮߴٵûµĻԹˡ
Ǻǣߣǰһʮ칬ҶһЦʱ
ʮ̽ץסҶһʮ칬󷨣˳ȥ

ʮ칬⣬Ҷһķ󣬻Ϊٺܶʥء
һȻһӰӶûп
ܿʹԼյϢ
ԭҶһӳȥ󣬰ʮûϢȻҲȴˣЩʥ֪ʮŵӻȥˡ
ȻӻȥҲΪ׼˳һ£ζԸʮ
ϾʮĴ̺ͬĵˡ
Ҷһھ֮ǣҶһķ֮ǣҶһϣҽʮ򱶵ʱٴ󣬻ԧ쾵
Ҷһʮ򱶵ʱٴ˷ܵջ񣡡
󷨣Ҷһ㶯뿪֮ǡ
ʵǿټѪʧһټʮѪҲû˼ˣҲѪϮˡ
ԤϵûֻҪʮǵĹעʮϣҾͿڰǿʵˡ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦܿ͵ִʥ棬ܲҶǳϡ
ջܴҶǳǳˡ
߸򣬻ʮ򱶵ʱٴǴԵ
Ȼȥɣԧ쾵зԴ
ҶǳҶһ˵
Ҷһ˵ͷҪȥϾڿվˣֻҪʮ˵ûֻ֪Ҷǳķ
Ҷһȥ֮Ҷǳë𣬽ʮ򱶵ʱٴ󽻸󷨡
ʮ򱶡ԲۣʱصĻëһ󷨣ʱһ
ҶǳЦ˵Ͻ󷨰ɣֻҪ꣬ҵܴﵽʥΣʱʥ۷ǿߣҶаһսˡ
ټϻýͻ㶼޵ˡëЦЩ
ҶǳҪڻ½޵ˣǲҪưԻ½
ëֺǺǵȥˡ
ҶǳʼҶҶߡҶ˺Ҷľ߷˳㽫ĸעУǵΪʥ۷徳硣
ȥʣµ򽻸ҶǡҶǳǰľ߹ʥ۷˵
Ҷʵֻһʥ۷ˣҪҪǳɱһ
Ҷǳüȵȵ˵ھŴԸʮʱ͵һЩҪǵĿ
ʥ۷ɲʲôèһһʥ۷壬ưոݵġ
Ҷǳʱע⣬þŴʮȥƴƴ˵
ﵽʥ磬ʱ˵ɱһʥ۷ˣɱʥ˵ɺܶࡣ


1696 
һӵĶУҶһڶμ
ʱѶԼʱԣҶһһһ
Դԧ쾵Ҳ
㶵ޱ飬Ĭ
Ҷһ֪ʱĸ񣬷ҲԼĶͽĸ
οǶ˴ԧ쾵
ش˿̵϶ܡ
Ҷһ̾˿ûдǵǰȸˣԺʲôԸ֮ҡ
˵գҶһתȥ
ؿеԧ쾵ƺûע⵽Ҷһȥ
ˣԱ𣬶񣬳Ҳˡ
ʱĳ𣬽ȥ
ٷҲ֪Լ
Ϊɱʱˣλʮ
ղҶһҲ˵ˣγ⣬Ĵ̺Ĵһλʥڵǿߡ
ǿʥڵǿߣʥڶûдﵽ
̸α

λҲһλˣ
뿪ĶҶһͷһۣЩҡҡͷ
ôһֱڳ֮Уò״ñʱȴˡ
Ҫʮעܡ
Ҳ֪Ĵ̺ôԸʮ֪᲻
Ҷһʰ飬漴֮ǡ
ص֮ǺҶһ򿪻磬鿴Ϣ
Ȼûв͸ǽŹȥûãʮϢѾ½ˡ
ңҶһܵЩ̸ۣЩֻζ
ȻŴͳλ½ô꣬¢ԴɢĻԹ
һΣŴʧ˾λʥ;λʥ۷ǿߣɢЩֻ
Ͼǰ˭ܹþŴʧô
˵ʥˣһλͨʥˣٻ䡣
Ͼ˭նɱŴʥˣ
һΣʥڵĳǿ߶ˣ㹻þŴۺܾˡ
ǻƴɣʱ͵㣬ȱͻƵʥ磡
Ҷһ뵽
ʱʮʱٴҶǳֻҪ꣬ܽʥΡ
ʱƾŻýаոʮһսˡ
ʱӵк;ŴʮıǮ
ڣ˰Ŀⶼŵʮȥɡ
ҶһţԶҴҸ
ҶСӣʲô𣿡ʵղҶһġ
Ҷһ񣬳ϴӸʥ棬ǱҲǸʥˡ
Ϊʲôһɻʵ
ǲľǳãѾڵˣҶǳߵĵӣһʥء
ôõľ棬Щϧ
ҶһȻһ㣬ʮϾҪսˣҲʮҲʱ䣬ǲ̻ǻʥݷΪ
ˣϾȥ׼ԻȻ򣬵˵ͷҴȥ
ҶһĿԶȥ񶴴գԶĻ֮ء
һζսʮпܻ֣ϾýĴڣʮս
ǣҶһʮΪУûǸҪϾ֮ǰ̸Ļ
ҶһҲǾֻˡ
£Ҷһ뿪ǰ壬һЩѼ壬ȥһһ֪ˡ
˰аɵĹϵڣҪߣļ壬ֻǺͲ̺ϵǾûҪˡ
ȻԸ뿪ҶһҲǳӭ
ڶ̶һڣҶһǱ뿪
֮ǣʱճ˴Ƭ
ȻҲܿͷһ㣬ǵ˹ʱѾҲ̵Ӱˡ
ڻ棬ҶһҲûġ

۶ʹ
쵰ȻʱΪ飬ȥʥһˣ˲̡
ĴڣһֿĴ󺺣űϵʣ˵
ʰ˰֣˵صǶԸʮһСƽʲô
˵գһԵİʵʮľʵ𣿡
ߵʥ۷徳磡
ûһԵĲüֻʥ۷壬ʮλʥӦǳ֮⣬أѵһ˲ˣȻٿճԸ㣿ɲʥ۷ܹõġ
ҽȥ˻Ǳʱסˡ
ҡͷѾյϢ˳ʱ֮⣬ǵѾˣ˵Ѿˡ
ʲôһ𾪡
ΪǱסˣʮſճԸ
û뵽˾Ȼˡ
ѵʮֹһ˴ˣ
ʱɲ֪תһܡ
Ψһ֪ˣǾʮҹʥҶǳʱվӡ
վѾˣʱʮ칬ֲܸ֪
ԣ粢֪Ĵܡ


1697 Ŵͷ
۶
Ͱ߳ʹ΢΢ĿʥķŹҶǳСӣô꣬ʱҲֺüΣڼʮսСӾȻ˵߾ߣ壬ܲ
ǻһʱ䣬֮ǰ̫ץԪҲ˺ܴңʮ칬֮Уû֣Ҳܻųʱ֮нס
˵Ƿģ
ߣӦģ˭ӦĿ䡣ߵ
ҡͷҪǶԸʮһСƽʲôҪԸҶǳҲѪȥԸΪʲôҪѪ̳֣ǲǷֺ𣿡
˵Ҳԣԣʱ۾һѪ̺СдС뿪Ѫ̾ͿԺ޹˼ɵضԸˣҪǶһ١
Ͷˡתȥ

ĻʹڣʱһΰӰƾ۳Ǹһϣƽƽ
ʣһŸˣǶڱ棬һ£ƥ
ΪŸˣǻ½ľŴͷǻ½ͳߡ
ǷֱʡʡʡʺϷʣλʡ
Ѫ̽Ԩ̽Ӧ̽Լ
ǾŸˣѵþۼһ𡣡ʿǰİ˴ͷ΢΢һЦ˵
˵ҶǳСӱˣĲ̣Ѿ뿪棬һѪɫ۵Ѫ̽ѪһЦط̵
Ѫ̶λɱҶǳֹѪﲻʹˣ˿̵֪ҶǳȻҪԼ
ֵ泰ɫѿ
ΧļͷһϷŰȤؿʡ
ΣѵһЩ˼飬ȻֵÿϷ
ȴɫ䣬˵Ըʮ̸һСѪ̣ıôΣûнС
㻹˵Ѫ̽ѪߵţСˡ
ԳˣֹѪ̣㲻֪СҿԸ㣬ʥ֮Сʵ˵
Ѫ̽ѪЦôҪ֮Сӣ
ɫȻص˵ͷ
㡭Ѫ߳ŭҲ޻˵Ͼʲô̬ȣѪ̶һҪɱҶǳ
Ϊ˫ѾˣҶǳɳδѪɾ޴в
ܡ
ǺҶǳûʲôޣҶǳȥеŭˡ
οҶһ֮ǰһ˵Ƿǳҡ
Ͼһλʥڵĳǿߡ
̣ζһʥڵǿߣֱǸۻˡ
ҲˣղѪڷʵʱ˶ûг԰
ΪǶ
ƾʲôǶһʥڣȴֻһʥڡ
زƽⰡ
ˣ˵°ɣλʮôʱԱ߿˵
ƳѪһۣԱ˵˵ˣһȥܵʮĹڼʮû뿪Ҳ˵ˣʮʱǱǰλʥǿߵˡ
˵ʵɫޱأ˵Աʮһˣоˣңˣ¶ʥ۷塣
ôܣѪɫ䣬ŵʮ칬ʮλʥҲֻʥڶѣôôʹﵽʥ۷塣
ҵһսǿۿʮ칬ľλʥЩħʥͬھһλʥҲԱˡ
ɫصĿõģʱǿɶڳѵˣ
ʵϣȷˣĶӵˣ˭ʵ˵
Ѫ˵һڵһ˵漣˵оŸ˻ˣ̫˰ɣѵЩħʥǷ
ʵˣѪ̵λôģʵʥ۷ǿߣһʥסʵ˵
ѪɫأȷҪɱһʥڵǿߣҲʥ۷ǿֲ߳С
⻹Ǳʮ칬ڣ磬һλʥ۷ǿߣҲԻɱһλʥڵǿߡ
Ͼ򲻹Ҳӵߡ


1698 
ʹڣŴͷɫǳء
ʮܿǾλʥ۷ǿߣǸеǳǡ
ʮ칬ʮλʥҲֻʥڶѣֻһ˴ﵽʥڡ
ʵþŴɵˡ
ʮ칬ȴоλʥ۷弶ǿߣֱ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ڳľŴͷҲֻʥ۷ѡ
ȻŴҪһ֣ǾԿԻʮ
ǣŴܹͬЭ
Ȼܡ
ϾŴǶһ֮䶼Щޣô׵ġ
οǵĶپλʥ۷ǿߣԷҪǱƼˣһ˵汳Ҳǲܡ
Σ£ڳľŴͷ˭ҲԸǰͷ
˵ĲģôܶԿʮ
λҪɱʮҵֻгɣ֪λΣ
ʳĬƬ̣ǰİ˴ͷʵ
Ѫʮ칬оλʥΧҲذɡʱ˵ҵȻ䣬пܶ
ҵȾ˱ȫ˵
Ѫȫ˭֪ǵļѾˣ׼ȡ˵
ɫһ˵ȻˣǴ˷ͰְɣҵȾʮ칬𣬵ʮ֮гϣλܱľ
Ѫɫһ䡣
Զʿ˵𼱣ҵȲ𣡡
ҿˣҵȻΣ˭ıƣ˵Ĳģ޷Ըʮġʵ˵
ĮȻ
ȷ˭Ρ
ǶԼᱻ˸ˣʱ򱻶ǾͲˡ
Ϊǵϳ󷨰ټǶܵһʱ䣬Ա֤ܡ
ΪˣôŴʢ˥
ʧȥһ񼶴ǵķˣлᱻơ
ԣǲŻԵ˽ײᶯ
ȻˣҵȾͶɣһ֣̽һʮ칬ʵΣ
۾һǻܽܡ
ϾֻҪڣڵԶĳʢ˥
ˣҲжӰ죬ݷһʱ䣬ֻܿվ۷塣
ֻǡ
üֻǲҵʵºʮ൱ǿһЩҲԽɱ
Ǿ̽һ£Ӧԣ˵
˶˵ͷȻҶ̽һ¡
ϾڶʮǶǿŴѣû
óȻ˭Ը⡣

ʥ棡
ʱҶһëˣѾŲ̵ĵӣȫʥ潨ǳء
һǳأĵ۶ѷɫ
Ҷһô׼ﵱǲĴӪˡ
Ͼ磬Ѿ֮أԺֻܰܲʥˡ
Ϊʥڣǲ޾Ĵ̺
ʲôʱҶǳﵽ񾳽磬ǹƲ߳ʥ棬ȥ罨ܲ
ҶСӣôĴ̺ûжʮ칬𣿡ëһԵҶһѯʵ
ҶһҡͷʥϢˣô֪ǵҶǻʰɣ
ҲȥҶǳһ뿪ˣЩ˵İȫô죿
Ҷǳڱչ壬ɷǵֺֻܿЩˣѪ̵ɱˣЩ˾Σˡ
˵ҶѾҲܾˣ֪ץԪûУëһڴ˵
ԱߵٺЦİɣǵʵֻҪԪץûԪǿ϶ץõ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦ
ҶҶߡҶˡҶѾʣʥ۷ȥˣǱʵʹﵽ˹ʥ۷壬Կʥڡ
ʱ߸ʥڵǿߣץһЩʥ۷Ԫ׾٣
ЩԪǿҲֻǸվ൱޷ﵽʥڡ
ʵҶǳЩǰֵһᡣ
ԣ˶ΪҶǻץԪھͿܹץԪˡ
һԪһλʥǲʱ仹̫ˣֻʮλʥܺ͵ʮ칬ë˵
Ҷһ񶼵˵ͷ
ʮ칬˵ʮλʥ滹ʮλʥԼʮλʥλСʥ
ڣҶǳı;Ŵʵʮ칬ʮλʥˡ
ǾȱʥʥСʥεĸˡ


1699 

ץԪҶҶҶĺҶˣ˿ҲҴҸҶҶߡҶˡҶ˻ˡ
ңʣµʥ۷İ£ҶҶҶ˶˹ʥ۷塣
ҶǳľŴֻҶһ˻ڹʥˡ
Ѿץ˼ԪҶŴҶѯʵ
ҶЦ֮ǰʵޣҲֻץԪ
Ҷһϲ֮ǰҶĺͿվǽʱҲץһѡ
뵽ҶǵʵҲȻˡ
ϾԪʵվӶ£ʱҶĵĻýվҲץסԪ
Ҷ˾ͲһˣǶվӵʵټϻýİ˺ץԪͼ򵥶ˡ
ҶţԪкܶģ֮ǰʵޣֻ˾ۼһץʥʵǾͿԷͷȥץˣץʮԪӦò⡣
Ҷ˵
ǰǽǹʥڣȿվӵսֻץԪ
Ѿﵽʥ۷壬һ˾ץԪһǾͿԷͷȥѰԪץЧʱˡ
ȻˣҶҶġҶ壬ȳȥɣץԪ
Ҷ
ͨȻû
ҶŵȷģֻҶΪǹʥڣڴ˵أץԪ
ҶҶʥ۷弶ķȥΪҶһպÿʩչ̹ս
һҶǳ֣߷ʥ棬ȷ̵ӵİΣ
ǾȳȥԪҶһҶ漴ץԪҶ
ҶҶġҶ˵˵ͷ漴뿪
ҶǣץԪ
ԷͷȥץЧֱӾ屶

ҶҶġҶ˸ո뿪ͽӵһ˵Ϣ
ǱǾŴľλͷѾ֮أ׼ֶԸʮ
սһ
ȻȥҹȥҶ˵գͳŻ֮ظȥ
ҶҶҲ֣ʥ档
ΪǿҶʵˣԱӰҲ
෴ǵʧһǱҪѰһλʥ۷ǿ׼ˡ

֮ء
˿Ŀ½ߵĿ⡣
ʮ칬һʷǰޣû˿
ȴСΪͷʷǰޣ֮ǰѾ˾ŴİλʥǿߺһλʥǿߣԼλʥ۷ǿߣþŴʧܴ
ǧŴûܵôʧ
ˣǾλͷеķŭ֪
䣡䣡䡭
һɹǿϢ٣һΰӰʱ̤գʮ칬ǰ
ǾŴͷȫˣԶǿ߹սϳǾˡ
Ͼλʺλ̫ˣ½ֱ˲֪˲
ŴͷټĻʮܶˣ
Ҷ֮У뵽
ʮ㲻УҲܹߡ
Ͼ˲֪ʮһˣȴ֪
ʱʮ˵Ѿʹ˾žŹһ֮ñﵽ׼񾳽硣
׼񾳽磬̤㣬˭Ҳ֪磬жôǿ
οʱʮ칬ʮʥҲΪһ壬Ϊһ׼
ʵʮԱ㹻ˡ
¡¡
ھŴͷ֮󣬲Զΰʮ칬ʱһ漴ΪһɫĹʮġ
ʮҲǶԺ󣬵һγ˵
ΰһ㶼ѷɫھŴͷ˫µԶս˸ܵһɾ޴ѹ
þò
ʿŶʮ۾һУ˵
Ѫɫ΢䣬ʶģʮ칬ʮλʥΨһһλʥڵǿߡ
ʮ칬ҲĴ£Ŵﵽǰǿʢĵز
ʮ칬λʥԵ͵һЩ
ڵ꣬λųƻ½ĵʮͷ
Ȼ
λĵʮͷȻţ
ʮ칬ȻţҪˡ
굽׷ʲô

Զڶս߿֣׷¶ݡ
һЩϱĹʥֱɴ۾š
ΪЩϱʥþԶʮ칬ǿʢʱǷǳλĿֲ
棬˭ǿ𣿡ԶսʥԱߣԪʵ
սʥԶʮ˿ţɸһս仰ġ
Ԫ𾪡


1700 
ţɸһս
ʱҶսʥУҲսʥ˵仰
һ仰չֳľǡ
ɸһսȺ˭У
Ҳѹִ֮־

ԶʮЦû뵽ôȥˣ֪ҵţѪˣδɻã
ҪûǵȻãѪߵ
Ц˵л飬Ź
ҿû飬ҶǳСӵĻý̫ˣˣҶǳСأôûЦ˵
˵꣬Ŀ⻹Ҷ
Զ֮еҶһЦҪֵ͵أ̫ˣȻԿ١
ŴͷҲǰ׳գ˳Ŀ⣬ҲҶ￴ɫ΢΢һ䡣
棬ô￴ˣԪо˫ɲһӲ˵
ǿǻ½ʮλͷڶ￴ˣͺʮɽѹЩ
ǲڿǡսʥɵ֪ԼʮͷǾһСԷ
٣ǲ²ãҶ̤գսʥĸ˳
Ҷ֣
Ҷ
ԪսʥҶ֣һ㶣漴Ȼ
ҶǳѹʮͷĿῴˡ
սʥзǳ𺳣ǰСﵽʲôز
˵ʮͷĹעôãȻûз֡
˼λ
ҶԪ䡢սʥһ£漴ԶʮͷĿϣһЦǰѾСˣȻǱˡ
⻰˵ȥһֺǺǵӣŴͷɫѿˡ
ΪҶǳĲ֮أȴûз֣˵ǱѷɫһЩ
С۸ľΪ㻹֪ҵľҲﵽ˵߲ΡЦ
ҶȻԭԷľҲﵽ˵߲Σѹֻᷢ
Ҳͬʱ֤ˣĴﵽ׼񾳽硣
Ҷǳ㲻ΪͻȻ𣿡ʿԶҶ壬˵
ԶҶңңһǸ£ǸжҼȻҪһսҶ𱨣ֻܲ𣬻ˡ
ʲô飿ô꣬һСʲô飿ҿСǳӲˣҪɣһֱ
ѪһҶ壬˵Сӣ·㲻ߣ㴳ڿûٻ㣬ҿ˭ܾ㡣
ʿԶҶ壬˵³򣬼ˣ㲻Ŀ䣬ҲŲǷ
´Ҷ幪л
ѪɭЦҶǳûı֪˭ܹһ
ȻԶҶ壬ȴһؿѪ
Ѫɫô㻹ʲô𣿡
ôˣû뵽ѪһڴʱԶЦһ
ѪɵתͷŭͷŸɾһЩ
ôԼ޴˵Щ꣬Ѫ̶ȥˣֻҶǳһ߷
ָԶҶ壬˵ǰҲҶǳķ㱻һСķˣôã㲻Ǵʲô޴ǣȻвһҲ¸㣬ķСӻа˸
ʲô
ôܣ
Ц

Ŵͷ𾪣ԶսˣҲһƬȻ
ΪϢʵ̫ˡ
Сӣ˵ģѪ̲סͷŵصҶʵ
Ҷʼ磬΢΢ЦҲû취Ѫ̫ˣȻǣҵȻҪһʱѱʵԭ׼ɱһҾܺǰһлʵû뵽Ѫ̫ˣҵһɱˡ
ѪԼֱѪѪıôΣô󣬾ȻֻڶԸҶǳһ߷
ߵǣҶǳһ߷ɱֱһЦǳ谡
˴ͷҲһؿԶҶ壬ɫء
Ѫ̱Ҷǳˣˣֺγǣ
ͻȻʻعһ𺳵ؿѵµλʥҲֻķ
˻һԱߵİ˴ͷʱһǹ˲ùעҶ壬׷Ŀɫޱء
ȻѪǸǿˡǶֻҵķĻѪɫѿޱȡ
˴ͷޱȳء


1701 
飬й¶ˡ
ʱҶ壬Ҳˡ
ʵѾ㹻ԱˣҲѪ̷ˡ
͸ˣѾ׼ˣкξ壿
ص湻ѹܸоλʥе⣬ԭķǾһж˵ͨˡ
ʿԶһɫǰδеء
˫ԶɫصЩħʥһսҲΪ

ԴЦǵȻΪ˱Ǵ򿪻ؾҿǷ˺ôһ򣬹ǿʮ칬вЩħʥյĿģȻ㻹ΪһΪ˻½
Ŵͷԣɫޱȡ
ǵؾħʮ칬һֱΪ顣
ϾԼ֣Щħʮ칬ֱ̫ˡ
ңؾڵħҲ⣬ҲԺǲ̽ؾֱһá
ȻȴǣһжǶԷıǱˡ
Ϊʲôʵ
ЦȻΪʵķǿԽɵ˵ӶʵһŴͱһĲΣǾʩչžŹһ֮ںϾŴ֮ñΪһΡ
Ŵͷԣ¶˼֮ɫ
侹
ѪɵתͷԶҶ壬ɫô˵С֮ô죬ҲǿŹˣ
ǵȻѪһۣЦҶǳСܹڶʱڳʥ츳޿顣Ҳ룬ʥֶ֮ôѣôô̵ʱڴﵽʥ磿
ѪԣɫԽѿˣַ˿ֲͳǿߡ
Ҷǳ츳ߣԺĳɾͻжѪֱ
ǣҶǳѾΪѪ̵ĵˣС
ѪͷƤ飬ֲĵˣ˯Ȱ
һڸް
ԶҶܹܵѪǿֲɱ⣬ɵһЦ
֪ôΪ˱վھŴͷĶ档
һֻܸˡ
Ȼڴʱ˵ˣ֮ǰŽʮ칬ļʥ۷壬ǱСӸ²ˣҹƣ⼸ʥ۷ӦܹıΪʥˡ
˻һŴͷĿ⣬Ҷ忴ȥһϬޱȣ˵ѹ
Ҷ忴һЦõǰҲˮɡ
Ц
ɫضҶ˵Ҷǳԩ޳𣬶ĺǱĿ䣬Ϊζұ֣
ҶЦǰҵʱĿ䣬վǰҲ˵ˣǼȻʮ칬ǻǵˣΪ˼پ֣ҾͺͿվɱˣӦòǱְɡ
ǿʶɫҿǴЩʥ۷ע⣬ҪԼʵѪЦ
ֵͷһԸҶǳ
ѪҪλǰԸңΪλǰɵ𣿡
Ҷ弥Щʥ۷Ҳɱңѵһܻ֣
ͷԣɵüͷһ壬ˣǵȷûҶǳ鷳
ʱʿ˵ãҶǳ˵ĲʱӪȻʱҵĿ궼ʮ칬ôɱ֣
Ҷû뵽ʻԼ˵ɵһмؿһۡ
΢Цŵͷ漴ͷλҶǳĻýܹǵʵɣûҪΪһѾȥĹʥ۷壬ͰƵӪȥ
ͷһŷӦ˵Щ䣬ĿľǱǶҶǳ֣ʱҶǳֻܸˡ
£ͶҶ˵˵ĲȻҶʮ칬ɱҲµΪֹϣҶСԺҪٺұΪУҲ
ǰģֻҪңҲԱӱʱɳ֣˳ܲǰ⡣Ҷ˵
͵Ϯ㱻ɱǼǵú
üͷһ壬Ҳ֪ʱĲصϾǱʥҲܲά˳ǸҶСѿɷҵϣĹһΣ
ȻΪҶǳھĶ֣Ҷǳַʵᳬġ


1702 
űʵĻҶüͷһ壬漴˵ʱʵһ㣬Ѿɱˣ˳һǸܹȥģȻǰԿڣҲܲӣֻҪԶһֱֻۣҵǸұһ
ԣɵÿԶգôĳ棬ȻҲսˡ
Զѿ˳ؿҶ壬ɫɭԲѣǸҲ䣿һʥ̤ʥٿҲ١
ʥǿߣ½ĺպҶǳǸǼֱǳ裡
Բֳ衣
οΪҶǳܹκε
һҶǳڻûʵв
Ǳʥ󷨣㽫ҶǳԽѵɱ
ǰҲˣҶԣЦſ򱱷ʡ
ʵҲޣô˵÷⡣
м䣬治øֽ
üͷܹҶǳǿǱޱҪҶǳ
£ΪѣҸСӵĳԹԼᶯֽ
˵գֱһҶ塣
¡¡
޴ӡ񷣬ռһ飬ƴƣЯž֮סҶ塣
ҶΧսˣȫˣԶҶ塣
ý磡
ŲԶͼӡҶһ˲併ٻý硣
һ̣͸оԼʵɣɫһ䣬ȴɱҶ塣
ռ
Ҷ˽һ̴ӡնȥ
ǳҵĽâգһ磬ᴩǿա
츳ٸߣʥڣһֻϡЦһ˫ӡһƬ貵⣬ҶѪɡ
ҶǵѪҺ䶢߷еȷĶ֡ҪɱңԶ
Զս˷׷׺Ȼ
ȻҶ屻Ѫ˸ղҲˣǰֻҶǳķһķ
һķܸʥڵǿ߽֣ôҶǳıжǿ
ŴͷҲĬˣҶǳĿдһ˿ɵ֪ӽ±в
Сӣ߷ǲһ㣬͸㣡ڴʱȻҶ˦һ
ҶһץУʱ֪һʥ۷弶һϲʱллǰˣ
ǺǣŵҾͿˬҺúýѵЦ˵
ԶɫޱȣҲ֪ʵǿ󣬲ҵֻðŭҶϡ
ȥɣ
ԼʥҶɱ
Ҷ嵱ȻӲƴһûýѹһѸٶ㿪еҲӽ
һҶ򣬽Ϊӹʥ˹ʥ۷塣
䣡
ﵽʥ۷֮ҶʵѾʥڣȻɲлýİѾܹӲӲ
ⲻ˫һ֮£ҶֻǱˣȴһƶûС
ţʵɱңΰɣҶЦ
ɫޱѿиǾ֮ǰ˵ַȻеֲҲֻǸܶѡ
˿̣ĿҶǳ߷Ѹʵвˡ
ֻҪ㹻ҶǳΪͻ᲻ϵؽԽֱ׾١
ǿֲ
ԶսľŴͷҲͫһ𾪡
˵ٶ࣬ûĿ𺳡
ǾŴͷ𾪣ԶսˣҲޱȡ
ҶдټҶֵ츳½ǵڶԪһ̾
Աߵսʥһ£ҿѡվҶǳߣֱ󰡡
ǲ󰡣һСȻﵽ̶ֳȣ̫˼ˡķʥһꡣ
ԱߵʥֺǺǵͿҶͬ죡
ʥƲƲ죬һﵱҶǳ˫е㽻飬µˡ
һԵķɺ׹ʥΰҶǳΡԵ֡Ժ˭ҵɺ׹ʥ
ʥˣ֪ҶǳԸʥԼҲȥæ
䣡
ڴʱһǿϢ
˶ʱĿҶսջأתͷǱߡ
ԭǶˡ
λǳˡʴһԼʥȥ
Ǻǣ̲ס𣿡Цһеʮ칬ʮѾΪһ壬Ϊһɫ칬
¡¡
ǿıײʵʥֱӱĽɫ칬ײɡ
׼
ͷʱɫ䡣


1703 ׼
ʮ칬ǿþŴͷɫ䡣
׼Ѿɾ׼ˣҵȿ֣ѪһҲԼʥֶɱ
ͷһ£漴Ҳԥؼʥɱ
Ƕ֪һս޿ɱ⡣
ϾǺʮ칬ĳ̫ˡ
˫ûлĿܡ
ɱ
ֲڷڣڼ֮ضƷˡ
һǿϢײŤռƬ˷
֮ر˲ˡ
Զս˷׷׺ˣԶ֮ء
һЩߵˣֱӱһɹǿɱ
ţսҶһˣԶ
ߣһҲûм׷
ΪûջɱҶ壬οҶֻǷɱҲҶǳûá
ֻ֪߷ڶҶǳѾҪˣΪ߷Ѿǹʥ۷ˡ
ԴˣҶǳľŴ㶼ﵽ˹ʥ۷塣
Ȼȥ󣬱ͿԽʥˡҶмսû
ҲףһҲϣҪվھŴͷǱߡ
Ҷ嵱ȻվھŴͷǱߣô򣬸ԼûϵſϷΪ
Ҷ岻ɵ֮УԶľս
ֲ̫ˣҶҷģֲսˡ
ǾŴͷվڻ½۷塣
۷壬۷塣
ʮˣǻ½ǿʮˣû֮һ
ϣżʥΧ׼ʮ칬ϣѣշ顣
ڵϣѾ㸲ŴͷǷУҫ۶ĿĹâûˡ
ٴȥ½Ҫˣ
һХһɳ죬񷣬뿪˻½
ŴͷҲû׷׷ȥˡ
ȷǵʵٴȥ½Ҫ
ʵϣƬ֮䣬Ƭ޴Ļ֮رѾΪһƬˡ
ݣ
ھŴͷ뿪ʱԶһȺսˣҲȥ
ʵս˭Ը
Ȼȥսˣٶʥ˼
ûʥ˵ʵŴͷŵ޷
Ҷ嵱ȻҲȥսˣȺ֮УңңžŴͷսƬա
һƬһҵĿռ䣬ΧڱըǳƬ˷ںڰǿﻮĻ⣬ñ涼ˡ
ھŴͷӰѾҫ۵ĹâڣĿռ漤ս
ΧʱͿռ䶼ʱʱ䵹ʱʱ٣ռ䲻ʱһ£ֺܿ
һ嫵֮Űײں
սһ˸Ȼֻйʥϵǿߣܹǿϡ
Ҷ߷Ѿﵽ˹ʥ۷壬ȻԿ
Ľǳ𺳡
Ϊ̫ǿˣһ˶սŴͷȻѹԵơ
Ŵͷս󣬵ˣҾŴͷѾˡ
Ŷð
ȻŴͷ˺ᣬǣô̵ʱڣͻ˾Ŵͷʵ֪
׼ʥ۷Ĳô󣿡Ҷ𶯲ѡ
һθܵ׼Ŀֲʵ
Ҷ𺳣½ʥҲ𺳲ѡ
Ȼôǿ
Ŵͷ֡
½Ҫ
Ŵûг
ҲھŴͷÿλ˾Ŵͷûгʤ׷
˵в
ǼãŴͷûг
ҲЩɻ󣬺ȻĿһЦԭûֻ̽ҵʵ
µˣЩûЯ
ҲŴͲ׳Ͼսãһóʲô飬Ǿˡ
󷨵ľŴڲ֮ء
򲻵ѣǲԸġ
λûҵȸĶ֡ʴͷ
ʵ˵ͷ׼ʵǵԤϣΨʹնɱˡ
ʹŴˣҵȳǹڣ˭ֻ·һ˵
ͷԣǵ˵ͷ
ʵ̫ǿˣǵϣȷ·һ
ǵĳ̫ˣʮ칬Էܲ
Ҳ˵ԺǳǶڣһпܻᱻɱ
ĵӣ˭Ҳ
˲䣬Ŵͷˣȫʹֻɱ


1704 һɢɳ
ŴͷеѪʡʶͬʹ
ʡϷʡԨ̽Ӧ̡ʿƬ̣Ҳͬˡ
һӣŴͷٻ
ʱ½ϣһΰĳǳУͻȻһ۶Ŀ⡣
Щᴩ񷣬գңңеľŴͷ
˲䣬ŴͷǰԳһɢſֲܣԶսڶʥǶһ
ڳʥǣͬʱܵԼڲ·𼴽ɢһ
һЩʥǣʱŵԶ˵ء

ʣЩҲǻ½Ψŵ
ҲͫһŴͷǰг˼ɵ֮ɫ
磬Ҳֻ󷨣ɵĶ
޷ƶǶвһ
ڵˣ
û˿ǾŴ
Ŵô꣬Ѿγƽ⣬½Դô࣬ǾԲµĳ

ŴͷƶʱͲһˣǵкϣǳš
׼Σ
ֻҪ֣Ǳ޾һС
Ҫˣ
ԶսҶ״Ͳµ˽
ǿ󣬶һľͷУһоţǾͲˡ
ȻϾ׼ҪߵĻδûǸ
һսҲҶ忴Щ˵ʵԻ½˽ˡ
ӵʥ۷սЩҲΣգҶ尵衣
һֱΪӵʥսԱ
Ǽǰʮ֮ףʥ۷սҲΣա
ǵﵽʥΣʱᷢʱ䡣
ʱӵЩͷıǮ
ڴʱ
ȻһϤҶС
ҶСѣǺһô

Ҷʱɴ۾ԶûпҶһۡ
ֻǣҶУҶСѣҸһʥڵħ²ûýϷΣ
ҪԸϷʣҶЩľ漴ɻôǱذɣϽߣȻŶԸϷʡ
ĻϷʣѵܽɱ𣿵Χͷɵ
ҶСѣûʱֻͣҪңǷԸ룬ʵҪ²ʥڵĸҲװɡ
Ҷйâһʥڵħ²ǮȷĶ
һϷʳ֣ǾͳϷˡ
ѾѪУٶһϷΣ͸ˡ
ܹʵ
Ҷԥš
Ҫڻ½ҵʥħڵ죬˵Ѿˡ
ҪɱŴʥѶҲǳ󣬶һŴ
ɢеʥǳϡ٣һôҵġ
ΣҪõʥķ²ǾֻܿԵˡ
뵽ҶҧҧĿᶨشҪžʥڵħ²
ҶСѣδҲ̫̰˰ɣЦһ
ҶĬǴʨӴſڣȶԷۡ
ȻҲҶ˼Ƭ̣ŴɣҸʥڵħ²ӻŵʱΣ
ҶһۣЩ˼ضԶʵûɱʱ
Ϣǳ֮⣬ΪʱѾء
ûɱһʥڶѣҵİѾˣɱɱνЦ
Ȼ֮ѡɱʱҲǵʱҶǳе㽻顣
֪ԼܻܿҪҶǳĻýæԾʱһؼʱһ¡
ⲻھõˡ
ãҴӦ㣡ҶȻͬˣʥڵħ²ټһŵʱǮȷˡ
ֲҪֵģºܵϷı
Ѿˡ
䣡
ҶϵʱԶľŴͷѾٿɱˡ
ҲԼ׼ʮ칬žŴͷеϷɱȥ
Ҷ״ɵҡͷͷڣɱϷʡ
ӵϷͲһܹɱġ
ڽ׹Ҷ廹ǵһʱ併ٻý磬Ϸ֡
ͷûˣҪ˾Ŵͷˡ
ɲûʸһоš
ǣһĻȴҶĿɿڴ
ΪŴͷеѪжʡԼʣȻתϷɱȥ
˶ɫ䣬ҶϷʿ־ͲŵĿ⡣


1705 ù
ʲô
Ϸʾ쳹ǿա
ѪʡʺͰĸͬ顯Ȼˡ
ϷȻҲˣһʱͲٿԼסԼ
û뵽ĸͷ
һģǰ׼Ҳ޷⡣
ļ˲˺Ϸʵķҽסˡ
һϷش
ĴͷҲɱϷʡ
ǾҪɱϷʣ
ϾǶϷʳ֣ҲѾϷʣȻҪɱȻԺܵϷʵı
ǡ
Ϸ۾죬û뵽Щ˾ȻͨˣȻҪɱ
֣ҡϷʼˣԶʡʵȡ
ʴȵסǡ
û˵꣬ͿʡԨ̽Ӧ̽ˡ
ܵٶȽһ죬գ֮䣬ѪǸնϷʳֵʱǾѾ׼ˡ
һҲûԥһҲûгɡ
ܵٶȣֱ֪˶ٱ顣
һɢɳվһɢɳʱһ̾תӡ
ֻϷĺҪǸһ汳ɣ
ϷѡԱ
һλʥ۷ǿߵԱܷǳĿֲ
Ѫʡбˣ׷Զ˵أҳϷԱܡ
ǵɽϷʵֹߡ
ǣϷʵĿֲԱȴһ˳˽ȥ
뻢ѨɵûӣЦˣ
ӲϷʵԱܣѪŲһץס˱Ϸʵ
ѪҺʱӿϣ
ԶѪʡʺͰԶԶվţûй
ȻѾͨˡ
ҵ찡
ǻ½Ҫˡ
Ϸˣ

Զսʥȫ֮С
ǰһĻ֮ǰ˭Ҳûϵ
ʮ칬ľŴȻֶԸɱϷʡ
ǵһʥ۷弶ǿ䣬Ҳǵһ䡣
µǣϷ洫ȻˣǱȡˡ
ûϷעû䣬޷ټưԻ½
ӵ˭֣
һĻһµĳˡԶսʥһ̾˵
ԱߵĺԪ䣬Ŀɿڴ
˵ûȺһ￴ǿᣬһɢɳ
֮УҶ忴ԶҲһп֮ɫ
һʣֳʣȻôױˡ
ֱ˼顣
Ҫ֪ղŵʡʡԨ̽Ӧ̽־ԮϷʾͲܻ䣬Ҳ޷ȡ
ǲңǺ£
ĸͷˡ
ΪѪ˵ķˮҲͬǵԤϣĸ˺ٱ˴α˴ˡ
Ͼ˭֪мǸͨˣ
Ŵһɢɳһ飬ڲгԹ
ԣ֮κܱһƣ޷ֲ
Ϸʵ䣬ʡԨ̽ǸԮ֡
ǺܵԼᲽϷʵĺ󳾣Գ֮ǵһ뵽Լǵߣֻߣܱס
ֻҪסڵ޾һС
Ҳ˽ΪҪԣǵ
ǰײµıǳҲ
ǽվǳˡ
Ϸʣùˡ
˵ĻǶԻĵġ
ԶѪض
һʱףѪԭ͸˽ס
ڽʲô
Щ档
Ҷȴµˡ
ܹĸְǡתһˡҶ˵
Ȼе֮󣬱óĸţѪȥ
ǵǵԣйŹ½Ȼǳͷ˵
òѣѪߵ漴գ۾ʱһϲɫ
Ȼתһǿǳˡ
ԱߵĶʡʣаҲͬ¶˷ܵЦݡ
һ̣תȥʧǿ֮С
˺գһҶǰ
ҶСѣģһӣӡħʥҶǰ
⣬ʱҲ˳
ҶӡħʥǰһǰƸ꣬ʮ־壡


1706 
ҶĺܾԭΧôΣյĳ棬ȻɱϷʣⷭƸֶΣʵ̫ˡ
ǺǣΪһɢɳԭͲһӪģܶв΢΢һЦǾŴͷǲм
ҶʵǰȻӮˣҲǡתһ𣿡
ЦһŹѾõˣѾˣǼֵʹǰˡοһǳ㡣
ˣҶص˵ͷ
תһûй¶ȥȻôϾŹʮ칬øǿ
ҶǳѾ֪ŹˣһܴˣŹļֵʹ󽵵ˡ
Ͼ㲻˼ҶǳҲᴫȥ
ԣüֵ͵ġתһһǼֱ̫ˡ
ϾʵһõһʵһԾΪ½һˡ
ңʮ칬Ժܺһܹ㲻˥ˡ
ǰЩ棬ΪѡѪǣҶʵѪǳУԿѪҲõˡתһЩˬҲЩġ
ϧⲻܹġ
ȻǽףȻҪѡһĽס
Ц˵ʺͱҰĺܴѪͰ㹻޳ܣǾԵֵסתһջλҾͲұ֤ˣѡǸһЩ
ҶһЦȷѪıɣȷֵסתһջ
ˣҶСѣˣϣһΣܼ˵գ̤նȥ
Ҷ忴ʧķкǼɵ򲻵ѣҲϣԼԺҪʹΪС
ˣʵıԣǳֲ
Ҷζлȣҿ¾Ҫˣ
Աߣʱ뿪ŹҶһм
ѾںҶĽףʱ֪Լôġ
ǰˣ֮ǰʱٴҰܴҾҲֻǾ֮ͶѡҶ˰֣ҡͷ
ʱ֮ΪҶ£Ը벹̡
Ҷһ㶣ƺû뵽ʱ벹̡
һҲˡ
֮죬ʱǷ顣
ǰԸǲ̣ȻǷǳӭǰĿ䣬뿪ǰ»֪ѾŲˡҶ忴ʱ˵
ʱһ㶣ƺû뵽ҶѾˣǵͷûϵֻǿ䣬Ҫ뿪ʱԡңЩΪºͣҲǷʲô
Ȼˣǻǰһȥ̰ɡҶʱ˵
ʱôʥڵǿߣʵӽʥˡ
οʱͨʱһԺ˵ܰʱٴЧʡ
ʣҶβϲ
ˣǰѾ֪ѶøϽϵһ·ϣҶƺʲôæʱ˵
ʱԣһЦݵ˵ҸղѾϵˣҲӦһ벹̡
Ŷ̫ˡҶҲԸ벹̣ʱӸˣһӣǲ̾Ͷλʥĸ֡
ʱһǽӽʥڵǿߣ˵ʵɲ
ܿ죬ҶͷʱĻﲻԡ
תͷʱʱϵЦݺʢ΢һ룬ʱЦŹϲǰĽѾˣϲˡ
ҲԣȻԸʱһ벹̣˵֮ĹϵѾָˡ
һԿԧ죬Բˡ
ǺǺǣʱЦЦ漴һпһҿ͸ˣҲ͸ˣǰȥģȥɡ
ҶʱףλѾеĳޣϾǺӵĳ󣬶Ѿˡ

ʥ档
Ҷʱʥ󲻾ã㿴һΰĳǳأʥ룬ɢŻơ
ǽǵٶȵǺܿ죬󷨻ûвúá
ҶĿһɨ̵֪ĲѾˣֻëڲ󷨣Ҫʱ䡣
Ҷ壡
ӰԶ
ʱʱܵǿϢ衣
ǿǰ˺󣬶ʱĿɿڴ
ΪǰģҶһҶҶǸ
ķô𣿡ʱһпԼѾˡ
ԱߵҲǳ𺳣ֱʱͺһС
Ҷ壬淢ʲô飿ое󣡡ҶһҶʵ
ҶЦʮͷսˣܲ𣿡
˵գԼϢǰļཻһ¡
Ҷһ˶ʱ淢ʲôһ֮ɫ


1707 ʹ
λǰʧһ£գӴһλǰ
ҶһдһʱȻʹ߷ǰҶǳıչ֮ء
Ҷǳչصĵطǲ̵ĺģɷǣëǵı𣬶
ѩЩҶǳĺѣΪˡתһǵıҲڴ˵ء
ΪҶǳ˵زȫĵط
˿̣ҶһѱչصҶǳ𣬽ëɷǵҲˡ
һȺˣĿǰ½ľƣš
һη̫ˣϷʶˣϷҲ׸ı˻½ľƣǲòӦԡ
սҪʼˣ
ɷǳϷһλʣѾסĵλºܿҪ̺Ϸ֡
ʮ칬ʵǿҪʮ칬ʢʱڣҪ̣ôϷõѡ񡣡
ëɻǲûйϵɣûֵѪֻ̣ܴʥǱ氮ôô򣬹ʲô£
ɷǿЦĲϷʣǵȻǵ£Ǳˣʥ棬Ϸڡʮ칬ͳϷǲԺôչ
۾һæ˵ǰ˼ˣǲ̳ȴʥ渽ĵ̡
ɷЦǲܲһֱʥɣֲܻˣҪȥڣôõĻᣬǵȻҪһЩ̣ιϷϷж
ëɵǡҪ֪ǵĶʮ칬̺
ɷԣɵÿҶǳ𣺡вУҶСӡ
ëǲɵÿҶǳ
ҶǳЦ˵һٶʥΣ㲻һСԣ̣ȴ
СľͺáëҶǳĻʱ׷ˡ
ҲЦһٶ굯ָǲʱˡ
ɷЦ˵ʮ칬ǳԲϷĹϵȫԺˣֹϷϷʥΧһƬ򡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷ
˼飬ҪʥΧ
Ͼ̫̫ˣۺ죬ǿĵˡ
̫СˣڲԺķչ
ҶһҶҶˣĲǣҶ뿪ʥ棬ǰ׼лҶǳķ
ΪҶǳľŴѾﵽʥ۷壬ʱںϾŴʥˡ
Ҫ֪λõʥħ
ʥ󣬾Ƴʥķˡ
ʱս͸ǿˡ

ʥ棬ǡ
ëһ߷ʱڼҵţŲǵĴ
ë츳ȻܸߣټҶǳӻؾ󷨣ëΪǡ
ǣʱ£ʱٴ󷨵ʱ䣬ëͶöˡ
ԣʱΪһҲëѷɫǿһЩ
һ̸󷨣һʣȫ󷨵ĺ֮УҲ˲ˡ
ԱߵһΡ
ʱǲǵ󷨾͸ǿˡЦ˵
ҶһЦŵ˵ͷ漴˵ʱǲһЩȥ̽Ϣ˽һж򡣡
İɣҡëС壬Լɷǰ˵ļʮɳȥˣ˽һϢʱԴݻ˵
Ҷһ˵ͷϷһ϶Ҫսˡ
Ҷһû뵽ǣûȵĴսʹߡ
ңλʹߣһλˡ
ǱǺպ
ҶþòҶһЦǳ͵Ȼĸġ
Ҷһһۣ͵ޱȵİɵúɲķ񣡡
ǵһμʱһǰ˫ô͵
һЦ̫ΣˣǼһɱϷʥϷľڣҵȻҪ͵һЩ
ʮ칬ȻҪϷ
Ҷһһ漴ɻȻˣΪðˣ
ɫȻҶǲ̺ҲһԵ֣˫ദҲ졣Ǵϣܹǲ̽ˡѣֿ˵˵ģ˫ġ
Ҷһйâһ漴һϷŰ˵ҿ˵ĿΪˡתһɣ
ʱһ֮ɫ


1708 
½ľڷ޴ĸı䣬ŵľŴͷ֮Уλֳ׼ǿ
ѪʡбˣҲѾõˡתһ
ڵĵ̣δزܽ׼񾳽磬ٲҲܹŪʥ۷弶ķʹڵս
෴ʡʡԨ̽Ӧ̽ˣûСתһǵʵȻѷɫǡ
ˣҶһжϣǲ¾Ϊˡתһ
ȻʲôҶ
Ҷһ⣬΢ЩΣ漴ЦΪˡתһҶʲô˵
תһŷ̫ˣ˵пܴﵽ׼񾳽磬ٲҲܹӼʥ۷弶ķôܹ
ʥ۷弶ǿߣѾվڻ½۷壬ĸֻҪһλʥ۷弶ǿߣǶʵ
ɲϣԼѪǡ
ʲô𣿡ҶһԣһϷŰؿİ
һ㶣漴ڨڨȻ⣬ңҲ𰡣
Ҷһ΢΢һЦ漴Ƭ̣˵ܹн죬ȷܵİνףҿԴӦ
лҶԣʱɫһϲкݺ˿
ȱл̫ˣҵɲͣ
Ҷһ˰֣Ц˵֮ǰҲˣѪһһݡתһһҿ⣬һļֵ൱ķݡתһΪΣ
ķݡתһֻҪ㹻ܴĸ׼񣬶ÿ׼񣬻Ƴž׼񼶱ķǾʮ׼ֵȷˡ
ҶһЦ˵ԣҪתһĻǾ͸൱ķ֮һֵıɣ
ԿЦļֵúɣҿۣҶϲʣΣ
Ҷһ˵ͷ˵ԣֻο۵ĻᣬҶ⣬νױա
ɬǰСһ̫ˣֻγ۵Ļᣬζ̫ͣǽ׾޷ɣڱ߼Ǯ
΢΢̾˿ҿ޷ˣǼһ̸ˡ
˵գƣһŰɫˮʱģ𽥸ֳҵĹâ
ŹâۣһΰӰҶһǰ֣ʡ
ȻҶһ֪ǰֻʵķ΢΢񣺡£
ʿҶһ΢΢ЦҶؿѾĿ䣬һ֮λ֮£ƽཻɡ
ȻҶǳڻֻһʥһ㶼СǰˣΪˡתһҶǳ˭Ҳ޷Ԥδжǿ
¹ˣܸƽƽҶһǫ
ʱԱߣ֮ǰҶһ̸ݣʡ
΢΢Ƭ̣漴Ҷһ˵Ҷ֪ڼҪʵұʥħŸʥڵħŸʥڵħΣ
ҶһԵɴ۾û뵽ʳôߣЩ㶵£ļ۸Ҳ̫˰ɣ
΢΢Ц֪ҷģתһй¶ȥҪݡתһΣ
Ҷһҡͷݣ
ҡͷݣټʥǽʥ
ҶһһϣĶˡ
εؿһۣҶһЦðɣ£̫ˣҸʰ·硣
˵գҶһӡݡתһ½ƣֻзĲйܿ
Ҷһͽݡתһʡ
Ҳóһöռָ佻Ҷһ
ҶһӹռָһɨʱбӡľŸʥڵħоŸʥڵħԼʥڵħʥ
һʴ󱦲ذ
Ҷһип̧ͷʣ΢΢£Һܺ棬ôôӡħҪ֪ڵĻ½ʥħңôҵôʥħһǸӡˣѶȺܴ󰡣
ʺͰһۣ˽¶ЦݣЦŶҶһ˵ڵĻ½Ȼħϡ٣ڻ½ڣǿħأĴ̺棬ڳɾ󣬽Щħһɨġ񣬻ʥħӡȻܼ򵥡


1709 
ʵĻҶһһݣڵĻ½ȻħЩħкܶ౻Ĵ̺²ˡ
ͱһôħ²Ѫڵħ²϶Ҳ١
ѪǼһѾˡתһǺܴܿﵽ׼񾳽ˣҶһɵüͷ
ʥ۷弶Ѫ֮塣
׼񼶱ѪҪˡ
ҶȸˣԺϣǲ̵곤档
ʺͰõˡתһܿ͸ˡ
ֻҶһüͷǡ
׼ǿĿˡ
ֿȭѹʥ۷ľŴͷ֮õǺųƻ½һˡ
ѪҲɾ׼ҲʵԲѷɫǿһЩпܡ
Ͼ˵Ҳֻɢޣˡתһ⣬»Ѫ
ϾѪĹеһУܹӳǿܡ
֪֪֪Ŵӵ౻ӡħǰʯͷԼĽŰ
Ҷһɵð׳ա
Сתһôõ棬ȻѪǡ
վĽǶһ룬ôҲȷûд
ϾֻˣܵõһưԻ½
ĻŴͷֳ־żԱƵ޷ֵ
ֻ˵֮Ľף˴˶ջܴ
ֻǵĽףҶһЩùϾѪС
Ѫǿˣ϶Ը̡
ȻˣҾͶཻ׼ΣڡתһҲֵǮˣȥұ˽ףóףȡһЩʥħ
ҶһȻ۾һ
ȻԺʽףôҲͿԺͳԨ̡Ӧ̡ǽס
ûеõתһء
£Ҷһ뿪ʥ棬Ȼ½磬ϵԨ̡Ӧ̺׼ۡתһ
Ԩ̣Ҷһҵ٣һʥڳԨ̵λҲˣʺϡ
ٽӵҶһϢϾȥ֪Ԩ̵ĽλϲϾԳһ߷Ҷһס
һּۻ֮ȷԨ̳ʥڵħʥڵħһʥڵħԼһʥҶһһݡתһ
۸񣬱ĻҪߣңҶһֻһݡתһ
ϾϵԨ̾ûϵˣ۸ȻûŻݡ
Ԩ̽Ҳ⣬ֻҪõˡתһУ۸ߵν
Ҫ֪ϴϷʵ䣬ǰŵòᡣ
ͬľͷô׵ǰ̫ˣǵһο
ˣԨ̽ӵһֱܲãԼԺϷʵ³
ʱҶһͻȻҪ׸תһԨ̽˲;ϲޱȡ
Ȳ˵תһܹﵽ׼񾳽磬ߣˡתһŸԺȥ£÷ˣ԰ȫ
ԣΪ˵õתһԨ̽ҲͲึһЩˡ
ҶȸˣԺҪ߶Ըǵ곤档Ԩõתһ֮һĵ뿪ˡ
úҶһյٴϢ˵ǣͷףóԨܸ̽ˣصؽΪԨ̴ϡ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦԨ̽Ǿ֪ǵĹϵ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ҶһüȻתһѾˣǾٴһݸ٣Ҳûʲôˡ
ǣҶһ㴫һݡתһˣȻҲ÷ģܽŹй¶ȥ
ʵҶǳǱأǴ˵ġתһһԵġ
ҲǷֹתһĳ֡
Ͼһ½߶õˡתһôΪΪֻܻɱˡ
ʱ½Ϳ̿Ұ
ֻʣӦ̺ˣ
Ҷһ˼ʼϵӦ̺
Ȼʶĸ߲㣬½ôǿܻ֮һЩ顣
ⲻҶһͨսʥĹϵܿͺĸ߲ϵˡ
ͳԨͬļǮҶһһһݡתһ
ԴˣĴ̺Ĵõˡתһʵ
ҶǳҲõʥħЩԽΪʥˡ
Ҷһǻˣ
ҶһͳԨ̡ӦǽϺҶȷҲ˻
ҶǳľŴھˡ


1710 һ˵õ
ʥ棬ʱٴڣҶǳëǻһá
Ƕ棬һ߾߱ӡʥħ
Уʥڵħ͵׵ľŸԨ̽׵׵Ӧ̽׵
һ27ʥڵħ
⣬ʥڵħ׵ľŸԨ̽׵׵Ӧ̽׵
һ24ʥڵħ
ʥڵħ׵Ԩ̽׵һ׵һӦ̽׵һ
һ6ʥڵħ
һżʮʥħ˵ëǸˣҶǳҲĿɿڴһ𺳡
ɷǲɵø֪̾ˣֱӸŴףȡЩħСӾϽʥ۷ˡ
ҶǳЦ˭֪Ŵôʥħ²
ҶСӣôʥħһҲò꣬ʣµĸүʥɡһԵëһ˷ܵ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц27ʥڵħֻҪŸʣµ㹻ǽʥˡ
ϴԪѾëСǽ˹ʥ硣
ԣ׼һʥڵħǽʥˡ
ңҶǻҲʮԪѩӡǳʥ󣬽ҲԪʥ
һ˵õȮ졣
ҶǳЩСǣԺʥֱҪ̫ˡ

ҶǳëǾͿʼʱٴЩħ
ҶǳںϾž߹ʥ۷弶ķʥڡ
ŸʥڵħƳŸʥڵķ
żںϷ
㣬ҶǳĵŸʥڵķŸʥڵķΪѾʥڡ
ϧֻʥڵħ
ҶǳǰʥڵħЩϧ
ٶʥڵħһٴﵽʥ۷ˡ
ҶǳҲֻǿϧƬ̣ܿͻָ顣
ϾһٴﵽʥڣʵѾܶˡ
Ϊ츳ǿʥڣټǿĻ壬Խʥ۷塣
ټϻͻýĻʥ۷ҲĶ֡
ڶ׼һսˡ
׼ĻжԶ͵ܶԶ
ֻԺһˡ
Ҷǳץǰʥڵħǿ־ĿУȫ
ʱû׼Ʒ
ΪƷĻôķΪʥڣȴֻǹʥ۷塣
෴һٶ󣬵ıﵽʥκ
ôƵķΪﵽʥڣҲʥڣʵͬն
ʱҵķһʥ۷Ҫǿ࣡
Ҷǳ뵽һš
ʱƷ壬һٶ˵
һٶʱ䣬תۼ
ʥӣʱȥҲҪȥˡ
ҶǳʹʱٴڣŬ塣

ҶǳΪﵽʥ֮󣬾Ͱʣʥħȫ򣬽ë
ϾëǲΪͣûлʥٶȺ
ԣҶǳòǽЩħ򣬺÷ա
ʣµ18ʥڵ򣬻15ʥڵҶǳȫëȻͻȥչˡ
ëʥڵ򣬶ɷǣЦû뵽үҲôʥ磬ȱүпճȥ䣬Ⱥ˿϶ɴ۾š
˵꣬ëָСһʥڵ
ʥڵӦ㹻ǽʥˡ
ë˵
ɷǡС塢ˣڶڹʥڡ
Ҷǳڹʥڣһܴﵽʥ۷塣
ʥڵȻҲܹﵽʥڡ
㹻ˣɷǵ˵ͷ漴һȥԱˡ
ëҲա
ʩչžŹһ֮ںϷ
˺ܿʹﵽʥھ硣
ڵǿ˻һۣЩţϲ
ҾȻҲʥֱһп
ɷǸ̾һ˵õȮ죬Ϸ˹ʥ磬û뵽һתۣͳʥˡ
е겻ѣǳҵҶǳʶˣĴԵ
¸£ʣ12ʥڵһȥһƳһʥڵķ
ëҲܸˣ֮ٴζһһʥڵ


1711 
֮ë˱һƳһʥڵķ
ëԼ˵ЩʡŵãԺҪǣǲ̲ܶһЩʥ
ɷǵ˵ͷͬӦˣʵǴﵽʥھѾˣڷһʥķҲˡ
Ǳڴ˵һʥķڲ򣬴⣬ǻʥ˼ķ㹻ˡ
գëǾʣµ8ʥڵ򣬻15ʥڵ򣬶Ժٸʥĵá
ϾԪЩʥ򣬶óʥ󣬲ʹá
ûʥʹЩ̫ǿˡ
񣬲ҲǼʥˡ
ʣµģлʥҶǳһλƬͬһ˳ʥ
Ҳʳʥ
ԣҪ˶ã̾ͻٶʥˣʥ
뵽ǿʢĲ̣ë˶ǳ
̵ʱҪˡ

ҶǳչصҲûбƽսѾˡ
Ѿ¿ʮ칬յӣϷҰȻҡ
ϷѾˣˡ
ʣһ󷨵ϷѾ޷ٱֵİλѾ᧿Σˡ
Ҫȡ֮Ϊµİ
̶Դ˶ǱĬ̬ȣϾЩʺͽڶתһ׼׼񾳽磬ʱ
ϷĲѾڵ۶ڣҳ
ϾֻҪһӵ˲ɱǡ
ǿ֮£ϷǳأѾ׷Ͷʮ칬Ϸĸ߲㣬Դ˸Ϊ
̶̰ʱ䣬ʮ칬㾨ϷһΪʵĵ̡
ֵһǣëҲ˳ȥռʥΧǳأռϷʮ֮һ
ëǳϷʮ֮һ󣬱֣ͣš
ˣʮ칬ҲûᲹ̣ռϷʣ
Ϸֻʣµ۶ţʣµȫʮ칬Ͳ̸Ϸˡ
պ֮һϷѾʵ

ƶ
ʥ棬ʱٴڡ
Ҷǳ۾ϸһĨЦݡ
壬ڴﵽ%80ˣҲǴﵽʥڡ
磬˵һʵı仯
ҶǳܹظܵԼ̺֮Ŀֲ֮ǰΪﵽʥڣҪǿĶࡣ
ʥڵĻ壬ӵпʥ۷սټʥڵΪֱ󡣡
ҶǳվֻоЩӦΪͻȻӵʵֲ̫ˡ
ҪһʱӦС
ڵʵ㲻׼ҲˡҶǳ˼һ£뵽
ԭﵽʥڣͱһʥ۷ҪǿʥεĻ壬ս͸һ¥ˡ
׼񣬻Щ磬϶
׼һ˶սʮλʥ۷ǿߡ
ôҶǳڣͿԶսλҵʥ۷ǿߡ
Ȼ⻹ǲϻͻý磬Ҷǳս
ϻͻý磬ôҶǳѹ׼ˡ
ֳаԱˡ
ڵңû⣬Ѿǻ½һˡ
һ̣ҶǳеޱȵԺ
½ô꣬վ۷ˡ
ҶСӣϲذֱǿ˶٣ëӲԶ
ҶǳĿɨȥʱͷëǶѾ̤ʥڡ
΢üҸ򣬹ʥڵģ15ôʥڣ
ëҡͷҺ£ʣµ򶼱Ժǲ̶һЩʥǣﵽʥڣѾˣ⣬һ˻һʥڵķ
ҶǳԣʱȻ
ʲôҶǳ漴ʵ
ë˵Ϸˣֻʣһˣʣµĵ̣ǲռʮ֮һʮ칬ռʮ֮š
ҶǳԣʱЩ͸п½һվϷ
û뵽̶꣬ǿϷֻʣ¶ڹӲдˡ
ˣҶСӣǰյʮ칬ױţ˵ʱ䣬Ҫʥһ档Ȼ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢ɻ󣺡ʲôȻʲô飬˻ŷϢ𣿡
ү߲ƣë
ҶǳüͷʵǺʮ칬ʲôͻ𣿡
ɷ֮̾࣬˯ʮ칬Ѿռ˼Ϸǲ̣ھһӣʮ칬࣬˵Ǵ𣿡


1712 
ɷǵĻҶǳ۾һС
ȷ̵Ѿ赲
պã̾ʮ칬ΧڣʶԷ̣
ϾҶǳǱܴ󣬼չȥ϶ʮ칬ײʮ칬в
ҶǳҲԼطΧڣһԼвǿ
֮ǰʮ칬֮ûᲹ̣ΪǼҪϷ
ȵϷʱʮ칬¾ҪԸˡ
ȻˣҾһʥڣҲ޾塣
ҶǳƬ̣Ц
ëɫһϲҶǳ˽ʱһʵСڵʵܹ׼𣿡
ɷǡС壬ҲһڴؿҶǳ
Ҷǳһŵлͻý磬׼ѡңǱˣʥ棬˵ؼңֱ
ë۾һݺ˵Ȼ˰գν
һǾ޵ˡɷ̲ס˵
Ҷǳйâ˸һڵʵǵȷ޵ˡ
񲻳˭棿
Ҷǳһ˵ȽƳʱ֣Ұվ͸ˡ
ϾҲʥʥڣʵǿ
ëûдҶǳ뿪˵ء
Ҷǳʱٴڣóʥڵ򣬿ʼ߷

ʮ칬
ʮ칬ڵǣϷĶǣĿȻҡ
Ϸĸ߲޿κΣֻܿ󷨣ҧгݵؿŶǡ
ʮ칬һڣϷ˻֮⣬оŸİʥ
ЩɢʥǱġ
Ϊʲôǻ
һʵǿ󣬶ʮ칬ѾΪ½ĵ̡
ǡתһ
ΪЩɢʥѾ֮һġתһԺ´󹦣ʣµġתһ
ڡתһľ޴ջǰЩɢʥȻǸ׳Ƴ
λϷֻʣһ۶ˣʥǱҲһ̣ʲô飿
ʥɫϵػ˵
Щ꣬һ·ɨϷ֮ǳسʥţҪôɱҪôͶ޿赲
ҲѾǵǸ¼ҹˣǻ½̣ʮ칬ĽµľŴͷ֮һ
οǻ½ĿǰΨһ׼ֳƻ½һˡ
ڶڶĹ⻷ӳ£ҲԽԽǿ󣬼ʥϸܵ˾޴ѹ
˿̣һλʥ߳ɫض˵Ϸĵ۶Ѿڣпݹǣڴˣʱ۶ʥǱߣڣʥգʮ칬ĸ󻼣ΪбҪȾ̣Ծ󻼡
˻һ䣬ԱߵĻȲͬҲȽ̣Ҷǳ츳ǿǱܴǲٸɳĻˡ
Ƴ˻һۣȻ֪ҶǳгԹܶ˷ǳʹҶǳ
˻ʲôѯʵ
ʱʥ̣ͬҲмȹϷĵ۶ʱᲹ̡
⼸˾ҶǳĴѪ̣Ѫ̣òʮ칬Ѫֱֺ̳֣ãڰ˰¡
˵һǲһ߷ǰʥ棬аҶǳȽ̡ĻʱѪȥͷۡ
Ҳʥ۷壬֮ǿɴʥڣʥ棬ҲҶǳСӡġ
ʮ칬ô꣬Щʥħ
ʥѹΪʥڵǿĻ½˭˿ƥУ

ʥ档
ҶǳѾƺʥڼķȻż߷ǰǡ
ͽˣֻΪʥڣ޷贫ԲǺ֡
ʱܹסڲڵˣֻǲ̵ĺĵӡ
Щͨӣŵӣֻסʥ⣬ѾЩǳڡ
ҶСӣŪ𣿸պãѾյϢѾʥ棬ŲǶ񿴵Ҷǳʱ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ѾӦˣھ͹ȥһ
˵գҶǳʧڲУʥԵȥ


1713 ֮
ʥڣ
һ߷ողʥ棬ѾӦҶǳϢԷΪѾﵽʥڵľ硣
ϾľΪҲﵽ˵߲Σ֮ǿԸʥ档
ҶǳҲһ㣬԰Լ߷Լʥڣܱⱻ̽鵽
ݹ٣ԡ
Ҷǳ֮
˻δ˴˵Ѿ֮ײţʥڵնε
һ̣ʥĳ߿УӰ̳֣ʱշ籩ս
ʥڵշǳȹ̣ǿ׼ҲѹΪֻܱս
ҶСѣû뵽Ϊô죬һת۱ʥڣѾˣ԰ɣŶҶǳ˵
ҶǳҲûЦǰתһڸѪˣٲΪǵȵѪأҵˡ
ԣҶǳһ֣صһǾ仰ֻҪԸʮ칬ҸƽȵĴ֣һѪʲô
ҶǳҡҡͷǰҪǿˣǰǲ̣ǰԸ𣿡
һͣ漴ҡͷʧЦҶСѻ־ʲôɶʸһλ׼ǲ̿Ŀǰûʸ񡣡
Ҷǳܿˡ
ü漴ȻҶСѲԸʮ칬ҲͲǿˣ֮࣬˯СѵĲ̣ʮ칬࣬Һǲ̷չȥ
ҶǳһŶһһŶǲ֪׼ô
Ҹ·
ŶҶǳǿӲ˵һĲ뿪ʥ棬ȥĵط
ǵڶأҶǳʵ
ɫ䣬һս֤ʸ˵ء
ãѡڶҶǳ˵
һЩؿҶǳ֪ҶǳΪҪһսѵǲµ˵ֻһ߷
ֻһ߷Ҳʥ۷弶ķΪйʥڣʥڣмܹﵽ̶ֳȣǶδӵּ
䣡
Ҷǳȴû뵽ô֮࣬󣬱Ѿһȭݺݵˡ
ı˼ϻֱӶ־ս
أ
޴ȭӡסֲռȭͷųⷽʱնˡ
мҵ⣬Ҷǳռȭܵǿҵв̲סҪˣǵԷֻһССһȭҪ㣬̫ûˣ
£ͦһǰдʥȭףȻһȭӭȥ
䣡
ȭײնһʱռֻȭͷײ֮Ťˡ
Ҷǳдǰδеţȭͷϱ貵⣬һźбըһͷų޾Ĺ⻪
Ȼûʥȭ׼ӳʥͿʥһָ׶൱ʥ
ңʥվֻһҶǳǻܹԱʥǿˡ
ԣҶǳռȭױ֮͸ܵһǰδеĿֲӶ
ʲô
ͫһϳŵɫû뵽Ҷǳôǿ󣬼ֱ˼顣
ǲ
Ȼһ
ɫ䡣
һ̣еȭ׾Ȼѷ죬Ȼױˡ
Ƭ˷иգڿ֮ĦȵĻ档
ҶǳǿҲͬһʱ佫ɳȥһǣ㱻Ҷǳһȭʥ֮⡣
ʥ۷壿Ƿ
Ҷǳһ̤ŲԶЩǱüͷһ壬ɫ֮Щʧ
һ֣ڿ׼ȷΪʥ۷壬׼
Ȼֻһ߷ôȻҲûЯˡ
ǲģ˵Ϊﵽʥ۷壬Ҳǹʥڡ
ֻǿϧҶǳעһ
ϾʥڣҶǳǴﵽʥڵƻ½޵еĴڡ
ʥ֮⣬ô߷ܵô졣
٣Ҷǳͻý֮ǰ߷ܡ
Ȼﵽʥ磬ôܣ
ԶŶҶǳĲš
ǰһֱԼڻ½޵еġ
ǣ
ǰһСȻԽﵽһľ硣


1714 
ǰҶǳзǳ𺳣𾪺Ͳ˼顣
ʥֱ
֪´ﵽ׼֮ҲҪµĻۣܽʥ硣
ҶǳһСꣿһͷȻѾʥҲ̫ˡ
̫ϧˡ
ҶǳʵʱҶǳȴЩź
ֻһ߷ȻЯôҲ޷ıˡ
ңһα¶ʥֻҪɵӣ´ο϶ʥ档
һҲʧȥıĺûˡ
ҶǳиеǳźлȻô˵֪ǲ̣ڹʸڴ𣿡
ɫޱȣŶҶǳһһسսұҲκβ㡣½¶û˿ʥ㿹⣬ǲ뿪˭ܱ뿪
û̧ҶǳҶǳǴﵽʥʥڣȷ޵еĴڡ
Ҳ͸Ҷǳƽ֣ҶǳĻýЯδصеùҶǳ
뵽۾΢΢һҶǳĿ⣬øӼɵˡ
ЩңҿֻǷˣô϶ҲʱһҶǳ޶
ԼԺǲҪʥ棬ҶǳڣΣա
ȻˣôˡԶˡҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴תȥ
Ȼֻһ߷ҲûҪ߷
Ͼڻ˺
ĻáתһʡЯʥɱҲֻԶˡ
ȻּʺСϾҪЩʡô׵ġ
ϷЩʡ͸СˣԺ󶼲Я
ңЩڻűչس׼񾳽硣
ʥػ½˿ɱѳɣưԻ½ָտɴ
ҶǳԶȥıӰɫȻ
ֻҪʥڣû˿ɱҶǳ
һҶǳܰȵȥ
ҶǳĽٶȣһﵽʥ۷壬׼񾳽磬ǾԳưԻ½ˡ
ûҶǳýĿֲֻýڣټҶǳǿû׼񿹺ˡ
ʵγܳưԻ½
ңʥȻڣҶǳͺЩʡһѾڲ֮ء
˵ҶǳĲ̣Ѿʸеˡ
̵ѾƲ裬Ժø̺ƽˡ
ЩƵ뵽
֮ǰûҶǳȻС츳Ͼ̫СˣҪɳвĵزԶ
ңѾõҶǳɳˣҲ޾塣
û뵽Ҷǳɳô죬һ֮ǿʥκβá
ͱƵҵҶǳҶǳҪ鷳鷳ʹˡ
෴ҶǳĲ̿ʥڣ˭ҽҲ̵鷳
żӦѪ̣ٺ٣ѪغҵҪնɱҶǳ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôϲ¶Цݡ
Ҷǳǿ󣬶ûʲôвģϾҶǳûʲôԹ෴Щ顣
ͷ۵Ѫ̣Ѫ
ޣ۽ôʮ칬Ӱ죬ȻֵÿϷ

ǡ
Ҷǳë˱ӭ˶һ֮ɫ
ôأëһʵ
ҶǳҡͷЦҴˣֻһ߷Ϊʥ۷壬ﵽ˹ʥڡ
һ߷ôСӣ߷ܳưԻ½ˡһԵɷǸп
ɲ߷ʵۻ½ЩʡҲ͸߷ࡣ
ֻǷëԴʧЩź˵ǲûõˣ
Цô׻ãҶСѾʵưԻ½ǾûҲ޾һеˡ
⵹ǣɷЦʥڣ˴ҲҶСӵĶ֡ʥڣǲѾڲ֮ˡ
ë۾һ˷ܵ͸Щӵ󷨵һڲ֮أǲҲʸˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦֻҪʵ½֪ʱô̱ɳ֮Ϊˡ


1715 һյ
ǡ
عҲ֪ʥڷһУ֪Ҷǳʵͫһɫ
Сӻǳ˵Ԥϣ治֪Щʡ֪˴£θ룿
и̾
׼鴫ȥϾҶǳϳ˿ȻҲֵÿ˳Կ
˵Ѫ
ЩЦ
棬ΣҪ̹𣿡ڴʱĻСʵ
˼Ƴ˻һۣˣѾҶ̸ˣԺǲ̲ţɴӴ˾ˮˮҹͬչ
Щ±ơ
̸ͬչ
棬֮ǰʱɲô˵ġ
˵ɻˣµʥҲɵؿ
˵ȥƽ̣ôɹͬչˣ
̹ʸ
ˣǶȥɣú׼׼ٹһʱǱ㹥ϷǣԾ󻼡
˰֣˸ˣ׼Щ˽͡
ܸܲ߱ˣһͷһС˿ɡ
Ҳ̫ˡ

Ҷǳһսû½ĺ䶯Ͼ˫˭Ҳûдȥ֪˺١
ڻ½ߵĿⶼߣ֪ʮ칬׼ʲôʱϷĶǡ
̣ڶǳ͵ΪǵʡǶڱչתһ׼׼񾳽硣
ֳ׼ǻ½۷ҫ۵ľͷĹâ֮£̵ǵС˸ˡ
û֪ѾԼԼΪ˵̡


һܵУѩꡢӵˣǰ̽ȥ
һ·ϣǻ塣
ܵ޵׶һ޾Ƕδ̽Ѱյ㡣
󷽵Щͷʵѧңͨ׻ж೤Ѿﵢ˼ˣٵȥǳȥ󣬿½Ѿˡ
ǣĹĹڱ˵ĹˣһʬǶû̵
ǰ̽Ѱ·ͷҲص˵ǱżͿˣѾӦĹصصˡ
仰Ѿ˵˼ǧˡѩƲ
ٺЦҲż˵ֻǷбӦ
紫˵вʥʣ࣬ǳȥӦÿԽ˳ʥʥӻһ˶ˡ
ˡתһ㹻ôʥͺˡ
ʥˣԭ˵һңԶľ磬˵Ҫǧʱȥ׷
ڣȴǽߡ
νһ˵õȮ졣
䣡
ڴʱǰ̽·Ȼһ󷨻ɳ
ЩǱ˿ȴһ˷ܵȷˣһ󷨣ֻҪƽ⣬ǱִܵĹˡ
ԣʱ
ȻֻǷﵢ˼ʱ䣬ҲЩͷˡ
ʱĹؾǰ˵˹һо
ˡתһİ⼸˵ΪѾﵽ˴۷壬ʵ
ټëԶָ㣬Ǻ֮£ܿƽ·
ء
󷨵ıǰͨʱݣæֺ俪׹ľʯ
ɢһ޴ĵ¹˵
ҲôҲһĹءɨһǰĹм
ҡҡͷйâԲֻǴҵָʥڡ
˵գеĽɫָֻ̣룬ָŹĳɢųҵĽɫâ
Ӽ״ɵⶫǴս½ķѵڻã
һԵЦ˵ⶫѾƹˣʥ
ԣʱˡ
ȻֻЩɳ񣬵󷨺ҶǳҲҪʰ·硣
ڲֻ̣Ҫ漰󷨺۵ӻǳϣë
ⷽ棬ëǾԵȨ
ߣǽȥﵽʲô˵Ĺأʮ㣬ż˸̵ָŹڵһȥ
ڰڷڹǿڽ̻Ի͵Ĺײģ˿ûһۣȻ֪Ǽٻ˵ǹƭ˵ġ
Ŀ꣬Ľ
ڷһյƣɢ΢ĹâۣȴָָĿꡣ
ȷⶫǱЩɵؿǰĵƣ̽˹ȥ
䣡
ƹʢҵĹâ˶ڻˣһҽжûз˾ͱ˻ҽ
ŵúˡ
󣬵ƹֱ񷣬˴أӵص
һʱ䣬߶ˣ׷׳ŵƹⱬķΪʲôˡ


1716 
ǿϢ
ȴʥǿˣǹʥʥ
ûʥ˵ϢֻʥϢ˵һʥ

ƹâ貣ҫ죬ܿ˸ʥˡ
һǿʥˣСʥдʥʥ׷׳أƵڵظȥ
Եߵ֮
е뷨
һǿûԸ
һЩʥ֮µĴ̲סȥ
һãⱦԼΪأ
ʥ飬ǿΪġ
ȻǿþԵѹʥͬշ

ͬʱ¹
Ž걻ǰƹâڻŵ뵹ˣҲҴյˡ
ʥʥôǿɴ۾û˿ˣеޱȼ˷ܡ
Ҳ˵ĶֻǷҲֻһѣʲôñ˵ģ
ҲһǶǱһû˱ˡ
ǰյƵǸеǳˣ⼸ġš׷ѡ
ʥҼǰĴʥԶˣٵùʥˡ뼤˵
ԣʱӸˡ
ȻҲ˺侲Ǿӡ
̧ͷǱƹâĴأɫص˱Ķ̫ˣƸǿ߶ˣϿ֪ͨԴȻƾǼˣǴյƵġ
ԣʱͬһˮ
ǰ˱Ķ֮󣬸ǿ߿϶ˣһЩʥˣܲӦ
ǵʵһСʥܺɨǡ
ο֮ǰ³Ҳ֪Լ޷
ɶ񰡣ǵʵ̫ˣ㱦ǰòߡЩģЩε뵽
һ̾ʵҪȻȥ󣬾ҼǼʥʥ
ǵþʥˣԤУʥ˵ʱʥǿϲǰĲˡ˵ͷ
һԵѾϵëˣﲻʲôؾҲû󷨽ƣܹͨϵëʥķ
ڲ̵ˣѾǶʥˡ
ϾʥΧĳǳرȻҪػ
ëɷǣǲһ߹ʥķЩǳС
ҶǳҲǲ߷ıʱٴչأ塣
ʥڵĲһ߷ʣµ߷Ȼ뿪ʥˡ
˿̣ϵëһ߷ԱߣһҶǳķҶ
ʥϢһʥ˼
ʵϵҶѾӦյƵϢˡ
Ҷ̧ͷĿűķЩȡ
һʥš
һԣʥˣҲԼʥиԼĺ󱲡
˵ʥˣʥҲġ
ҶСӣѶϢ˵Ƿһյƣǿʥˡë˵
ҶЦΪһСС֣û뵽һ˲õıȱʥȥǴɡ
ڵȷȱʥ
Ͼڲ̵ʥкܶ࣬ʥ
ëɷǡСˣǱӷǾǰ˸ʥ
ʮĸʥҪʮļʥҶǳϴκЩʽףֻǵõʥ
ʥװҶһҶҶˡ
ʣµʥ͸ëˡ
ȱٰ˼ʥ
ңСתһԺǲ̻ʥ
ⶼҪʥ
ë˵ͷʥĶ̫ˣѾ˸ǿǰȥҲֻȥܽ
ɲܹʥЩʥֲᷢˣ
˵ЩʥˣЩʥ֪Ǽıʥ
ôǿ߸ȥƾǣܹصס
οʥҲʥ֮µϿշġ
£Ҷ˺ѿռ䣬ȥ

ҶȻٶȺܿ죬վЩԶǱϾڱǿȻһִ
ৣ
һλʥһϹǰ⣬˷ܣ漴ָӦ󷽴ļǿϢʱˡ
𡭡λĹʥһ˫̽ϲ֣֮޴ޱȣץסأһ
ʱضƷˣ¶¹УĿɿڴˡ
յҫޱȵơ
Ȼƣǵ곤ʥʧô꣬û뵽Ѿˡ
Ĺʥһ̾漴̽ץơ
ˣֱӾͱˡ
Ͼʥ֮¶ϡ


1717 ȫ
ɶ񣬾Ȼǣ
ǷֵıȻᡣ
𣿡
Ҷǳķֱӹˡ

˿λĹʥֱƣʱ־ŭ
Ȼ޿κΣΪǹʥֵʱǹǿĹʥѹѾѹǶˡ
̫ˡ
ڹʥǰǵȷϡ
䣡
ϣǳƿɲǣλʥԼ֣һ貵⡣
ʥʵɲһʥ˿շġ
֮ǿһЩСʥʥֱӺɱ
ǹʥ
ƣȰԹΪɣһʥʥǰ㻹뷭𣿡
ĹʥЦһԼĹʥסƵĹƼץơ
¡¡
Ʋıϸ߿գͷųһֲĹâ
ȻλĹʥɽץš
עҵġʥг˷ܵĹâ
ڹʥ֮вǿһУǰҶǳɱʥ磬ֻҪõʥĳΪǿһйʥ
Ͼڹʥ֮Уӵʥĺ٣ָ
ʥĹʥûʥĹʥǺܴġ
һλڵĹʥʥԻܹʥ۷ǿߡ
ǵõʥô⵱ĿռʥվӶаա
βˣ
ϻ쵰ǲ̵ĵӣ㾹ǲ̵ıǽ͵ɡ
λʥշƵʱ·Ѿ̲סˡ
ȻǰǹʥôԼŬ̽ѰıȻܲġ
ߣ˵ĶֻǷ㱻ɱˣҲûʲô˵ģȻһʥ
ţ̣
Ĺʥüͷһ壬Щؿļϡ
̵ĴȻ˵
ϾЩҶǳ½Ѿ¡
ǼǰҶǳƾһ߷ʥڵ˽Ϊ𺳡
񣬳Ĵ⣬ûһҵﲹ̡
еļɵҲֻһš
һʥƾ̵
οǱĹʥֻҪڱѵҶǳܴ򵽱
ҶǳߣΪһẦ²̣ʥԵߵ֮бǱҡ
λĹʥһշƣˡ
־ŭȴ޿κΡ
𣿡ҧʵ
ͷ˵Ѿˣ²ܼʱϵ
ǣ˵ʥǾ֪жôˣǱˣǲ̵һʧ
ֻҶǳϹ
Ȼǳƣû뵽պĳҲˡ
ͻȻһЦкƵ
շƵıʥʱɫ䣺áʥ
䣬һϸڸ߿Уһ־նץסƵƣС
ϸʵǿƱƣȻ޷˲ͱˡ
ԶλĹʥɬؿǰǿϸ
ˣ
ƳԶĹʥһۣмʥʥһССĹʥշġ
ʥ첱Ӵ֣ȴҷ
һʥУֺγϣ
ʥһתȻָˣ˵ǰ⼸ǲ̵ĵӣʥҲȷֵģҹƵ²̻иֹ
֪̽Ҷǳг
Ȼһǲ̵ĵӣʱɫӶˡ
˲䣬˾Ʊ߶Ѿһ
һ̣ǽʧȥϢΪҽ
ʵ̫ˣǼʥһ񶼵ֵס
ǰɱǣѵҶǳ鷳𣿡ʥЦʵ
˵˵ݣϣܹɱǡ
Ȼ̲סˣϾ֮ǰ֮ǰҶǳɨ棬ͱһ˿Ȼ̲סйˡ
ֻһҶǳĳ޾͸ˡ
ʥЦҵʥҶǳŭɡ
һҶǳһǱ𣿡
ʥѯʣһЦ
ͬʱһЩǿҲϹˣѾշˣǶʱһΡ
Ҫ߱עܡ
Ϲһ̾漴ϲϲˣƵǲʹʥҲǰġ
ԣһЦ


1718 նɱ
֮Уڸ·ҶȻκȻһͣ漴ɫѸӺһ˺ѲգõƵЦ
ˡ˶ǲ̷ˡ
ҶһһƬ
һ̣˫˺ѿռ䣬ϧķѾ޴ԽգѸٸ·
һʱ䣬һ㵵̧ͷŲ֮Ŀֲ죬ֻо궼ڲ
Ҷӿٶȣһܵ˺üʥϢʥ˵Ϣ
ȻǰǳƳĵص㡣
ҶһЦһ̤ռ䡣
ǲ
ͻȻѿΧǿߵע⡣
Ŀ⡢Ŀ⣬ǿߵĿ⣬ȫ￴˹
˵ע£Ҷ̤գһ˫Ŀ⣬
Ҷǳɫһ䣬Цݡ
˫ֺʮЦҶþò
ʥҲڰҶкܺ档
½һţһ֮ѪҲ޿κεľ콾
Ҷǳǰ½κţԵȻʧɫ
Щӣ̫ӣҶǳȼ綼䡣
һ󱲣ȴܹϱǿ߱ȼǿڡ
Ҷǳˣ
ӦǷɣϾѪ̵вڣ϶ҳ
Σ֮ǰҶǳ÷⣬ɱ˲̵ӣ˲̵ӷֵʥҶǳ϶ưոݡ
վǱҶǳ֣

ԶȺҶɵ۷׷ס
ҶǳôĵӣҲ룬̤ұ
һ߰еĳƣһؿԶҶЦ㻹һʥѾˡ
˽Կᣬɱҵӣʹڱն㡣Ҷϣ䳹ǡ
иһĨŪ֮ɫҶǳҲ·ͷƾһ߷Ҳնң㱾δ
ţϴҶǳķһսҲռϷ硣
Ҷǳı࣬ǿҲǿ˶١
ϾŹȥһ꣬Ҷǳܹжٽ
Ҳ⣬ʵϵʥ磬˵һˣ㼸ʮ꣬δʲô
ҶϾǱĶԹǵԺ˵ɡҶǳȰ
ҲΪҶǳɱ˵ҶǳûʵʵվǱǲҶǳɱġ
ԭΪǻ½һŻǺεȷɣû뵽ҲⷬԴ󡣡
ԶʥҡͷҲҶǳ̫ˡ
ϴҶǳ֣ѹһŹȥһ꣬Ҷǳնɱˣ
Ȼܡ
ϡ
˵ɣҶû˿ᣬȻһ񽣣쳹񷡣
һ̣һǿĽѹҶеͷųȥϯء
Զ˶ʱɫһ䣬׷׵ˡ
ҲĿһҶе񽣣ȵʥ
ЦҵƾʲôеˣԭǵõһʥΪһʥ֣ɱңֱЦ
˵գ߶еĳƣҵĹâŲԶҶɱȥ
֪Ŀ棡
Ҷֳֳɱоǳڵɲǰ
ڲΪﵽʥڣǴﵽʥ硣
ʥ۷弶ǿߣаջܣοʥڵ
˺
ҶûʲôĶֻһǺƴƥĽ⣬˲ݻ˳ƵĹ
ңһ޿赲ɱ
ʲôͫһš
ȫ߶ʥȻҶɵظˣҶһҲܵв
ôôܱôǿһǻþ˻ý磬ҹ
ԼʥͨһҶҪɢþ
ϧⲢǻþʵġ
ҶһɱǿսԵֵ˵ģǳҵĽâ˲ɵˡ
¡¡
Ѫ䣬
ܹˣȫɴ۾һ
ԶһĿɿڴ
ˣ
Ҷǳķһˣ
ֱ˼顣
ڳ˭ţ
ߣ֪
Ҷһɱһ֣㽫ƺʥһˡ
εûаһ֣õʥ
Ҳ鷳
Ҷ̧ͷԶӦһǿϢٶ


1719 ʳ
ʵϣҶ뱱ʱ򣬱ǿ߱㷢
ϾҶûڸԼϢ
ȻҶҪڸǶУΪȫٸ·Ϣ޷ء
Ȼǿ߷ҶԴ뱱ǲû⡣
Ͼ㹻һˡ
ǱܲΪһ󱲣ҪȫԱɣ
ʵ˵;ŴͷսʱҶǳһ߷ҲֻǱֳʵ
ʵû
ȻûҶЩǿߣԶ̹עҶս
Ҷ˵ҪɱǱڳЦ֮УҶ̫ˡ
û뵽һתۣıҶˣǳֹĻᶼûС
ɰѱǿ߸ˣ־ŭ
ֱҶǳĵӸɱ
ôǱɱǲǱս𣿡
Ҷǳʵôôǿ

۶һŭ쳹óڵĿɿڴ
ڸܵЩעɢǿϢ˶е𺳲ѣΪЩ˶Ǳʥ
˭ѱʥˣ
ƺҶǳ֡
һڱ߲ɵú
ͬʱǿʥҶ
ҶԼĵɱһλʥڵǿߣǿȻưոݡ
ǲ
ѿһߴӰռ̤˳ɢĿֲϢʱء
ʥ
ԶһЩߣȫȻɫ䡣
֮Уһ߳λʥϢȫ֮ϡ
ҶĿɨȥ˶ʥڵǿߡ
˱ʣǵʥ˰ɣҶ뵽
ҶǳôĵӣôǱ˵һɱǲ׼ǱսˡһλʥǿҶŭȵ
Ҷߵȶɱǲ̵ӣôֻǱɱˣ˱𣿡
Цʥ֮µʥһλʥǿߵ
Ҷһ˵ֻϣУҵѡɱѣǱҽѰ·
ɱҲˡ
ҿӦֻǷȻûӡ
ɱ߷ȥ˲̣Ǳδ˻š

λʥǿߣʱͽҶΧˡ
ҶԲסˣҶ漴ҲΧϾҲǱʥò֡
Ҷû⣬е񽣼һ貵⣬ֲռ⣬Ŷһλʥǿնȥ
Сʲô
λʥǿ߱ûаҶһӴɫʱ䣬š
ΪҶһȻʥ۷弶ǿ󹥻һ˲ͽɳȥһڵѷ죬شıԴ
ôǿ
ʥǿߣҶһһ
ҶʵЩ֮⡣
ôôǿı𣿡һλʥǿЩŵضҶ˵
ЦˣҶʵ־ˣٹˡĻһᱻҶһɱ
ˣ
Ҷһһλʥǿߣ漴˺գȥ
ҶŽһţ˵
ʥǿ߸ŭԣҶıӰĿг˼ɵ
ҶȻʥ۷弶սټϻý硭Щ
ѾֵܹĶˡ
¡¡
Ȼһֻ޴ƣɢſֲޱߵܣҶС
Ҷ̧ͷⱩǣâң˺ա
ĿУһΰӰһϣضɢɵĹԡ
ʣҶһ
ʴӱվһǿԽ޾ء
һգҪҶ˵ɱǱʥҪһ֮Ǳʲôطˣ
䣡
űʵһգֻ޴ƣʱͽҶ˸ˡ
ݣ
Ҷһ̳ռױֲĽŰأƴĽᴩ񷣬ʵֻƸˡ
ҶǳʵǳҵԤϣѹмӡ
̤գҶǰ
£Զʥڵǿߣ׷׹
ʰ˰֣漴һȭҶȥ


1720 
䣡
ʵһȭǰѣԵȭ⣬죬һ֮Ȼ
ǻ֮ȭűʵʴһȭܻ
ҶСһȭΪ֪һȭں˱ʵĵ
ҶҲ壬ȵռֺ¹
˺
Ҷһնռ˺磬Яĩռ⣬նأ硣
ϣ
ʻȭӲ񽣣ȭͷѪ䣬üͷһ壬Ӻˡ
ⲻͣˡ
ֻǾÿֶԸҶЩԿæԼʥҶɱȥ
ҶһʵʥЩ⣬Ȼһɽͼӳ
ͼ̺ҵĵǱ˻ڣ֮ǰѾﵽ˰벽ļ𡣡
ʰȻ˵߶ͼֻͼϣһӰ޾ƻȳһ㣬Ҷӿ
Ҷ¶֮ɫЩӰ֮УȻһЩϤӰ
ʶȵȣڱߡ
ȻҶ֪Щ˲ʵģͼģġ
ǣЩȴʵʵ
еȻʥڵս
ʱЩɱҶһɱһ
е˼ˣҶһ֮
ҶЦһе񽣻һ⣬Яռնǰ
¡
һ죬翪ٵء
ռ˷ȥΧƺ˽ֹ״̬ռ䱻һж˲䡣
⡭
ͫһ¶˼飬ҶһȻȫٿʱա
ʱ˿̣Ƭصʱռ䶼ֹˡ
ҶųѤ⣬죬ǰ涼и롣
ͼϸֵ飬˲䱻һɣҵĽâǽͼȻʧɫ
ҲǷı廹ûн׼񾳽𣿡ҶŶ𾪵ıЦ
ʿҶɫһҶǳһȻǿ̶ֳȣ˶Сˣ
ʱ¹ˣҶЦ
һʹգԺٸ̤Ǳұ֤ǲ̻
ǺǣҪǲۻ½û˿԰õֻҪǱ˲ңҲ̤Ǳĵ̡ҶЦһת̤ȥ
ԶȥҶйâ䡣
ֻǷѪ̽𣬽һ뿪а롣
ڱĵ̣ǿԶģοʥ۷徳磬ɱҶǳһԿԡ
˵ֻɱҶǳһʦڣʲôô
οҶǳѪУʱʦڵذѪҶǳһѪ֮
෴Ѫ̽׼أԱ߿Ѫ̽Ҷǳŷ档
е뷨ʵһҶǳѪ˽֮ǰ˭ҲԸ̤ⳡˮ
ٹãѪӦþҪ׼񾳽ˣҶǳ׼𣿺Ǻǣ
Цһתȥ
Щ𾪵ջĿ⣬ɾѡ
Զ֣δҶǳһ˫ǲʤ
һĻʵ̫ˡ
ʵļʥʥˣȫˣ˶е˼顣
ȻҲֻǷǱµķҲʥ۷徳磬ѵҶǳķѾﵽ̶ıǸǿ
ҶǳĻý綼ûжãĻƶѹµķһ
Ѿɳ̶ֳ𣿡
ʵԳ֮ΪʮͷˣҲʸеˡ

۷׷ס
һսעʵ̫ˣϢҲ޷ܿʹ½
ʱ˸ɲ̵ʵ
ʮ칬֮󣬲ҲΪˡ

ʮ칬
յϢʥķЦҪ𣿺Ǻǣ˼
ʮ칬ĳ֪Ϣֱš
ԭԭѾôǿˣѹϴ͸ı˼𾪵ͬʱҲȻ
һжˣϴȥʥ棬ûֵʲôá
ϾķҲȱʵķǿʥǸط͸ӲκεҶǳˡ
ҲܹΪһ֮ǰԲ̵̬ˡ
ԺҪԶһ㣡뵽ڲҶǳˣΪ֪ڵҶǳѾû˿ɱˡ


1721 ղ̨
Ѫ̡
ѪǰԼľŸɵϲɫ
󹦸ɣʩչžŹһ֮׼񾳽硣
Ѫзǳζ׼񾳽磬ˡ
ܲˣ
˵ʱҶǳڱϢȻˡ
֪ҶǳķȻʵķ£Ѫ𾪵ͬʱɫʱޱѿ
ӾȻɳֵز
Ѫüͷһ壬
ϢҶǳѾʥ۷ʵһʥ۷ǿһЩ
ңҶǳлýҪʥ۷ҶǳĶ֡
¾ҽ׼񾳽磬δܹκε
Ѫɫǳѿ
ԭ׼׼󣬾ȥҶǳԾ󻼡
ڿҶǳѳɣһܹ˵ġ
Ը
ǣϴϷǰҲҳ
ϾԺ˷ˮôҲпܻˣֶԸ
Ļ½Щңʱ˭ҲԸ
Ͼ󷨣ڵһʧ
ϷѾˡ
Сôô죿СתһôѪ޺޵뵽кܲ⡣
˿ǰľŸǳ׼Ĺؼʱ̣ʱҲֻѹԺٿôԸҶǳˡ

Ҷǳڱչֳǿʵò̳Ϊʵĵˡ
Сͷͷ֮һЩǿţʼ̰ʦѧˡ
̵ĵڱС
ʥ档
Ϊ̵ıڶѾʼڽڶǳˡ
ǳǸǣ۹ģȻȲ֮ǰǡ
ȻǸǣҲڲ̵ĺģֻ洫𣬲ܽ˳ǡ
Ϊ࣬ڲ̵ĵӵȼƶҲ׹淶ˣЩ
ڲ̣ȼߵȻҶǳĴ
Щëɷǣʥ磬ҶǳΣԲڲ̿һš
ԺǾǳɳһԿһš
֮£Ǵ泤ϡ̫ϳϡϡųϡͨϡִ¡
Щȼǲ̵Ĺ㡣
˹㣬ǵˣӵȼߵӣٵʥӡ洫ӡŵӡŵӡ
֮ڵƶѾƣʵĵ̡
ҵĿѾɣ㿪ʼоʱٴñ̤񾳽硣
ҶһĿӸ˻жʱһ
ѾɵطչУҪٳְæˡ
ο߷
һŷֻһǱоʱʱһʱٴ
ΪĿǰʱٴʮ򱶵ļٶȣҶǳҪ%90Ǿ͵ʱ䡣
꣬Ҷǳʵȵ
ƾΪ׼ȻʵԺɨ½޷硣
ԣóɻ壬񾳽磬Ҳǻôﵽ%100
Ŀǰ㣬Ҫﵽزٵꡣ
꣬Щʥ˵һӴ֡
ҶǳɵȲôʱ䣬ҪȥѰҰء
ԣֻ취ʱٴЧʣʱ䡣
ʱ츳ټʱͬʱ츳ǿ֮߰ҲδزʱٴЧʡ

ؾ
һҾ޴ڣɻ۾ҵĽʱ˺գڿռ䡣
֨
ڴʱűƿһɫȹӵŮ˽
ɣϲﵽʥ۷壡ŮЦ˵
ɿǰ龫ֵŮЦԷ뿪˰ɣ
ߣһ쵽֪ҪߣǱС㣬ƾǵʣܹﵽʥǿˣôô̵ʱڽʥ۷徳磿
ȹŮһ˵磬УҲһˣҿһٳΪ۷ǿߣҲ֪ллС㡣
ڨڨʵҵȻл㣬ҰΪʦܵġѾ˵ˣʦ𣬾ԲٸĻͥ
ȹŮߵ޴ʦֻڵڵΪѾԽˣԺ磬ѵһЩǿ˰ʦղ̨£츳ʵʦǿö࣬Ϊʦίˡ
ƲƲ죬Ȳ˵ѾҶǳΪʦˣûУǰŮΪʦô˿ڣ
ΪŮͻû


1722 
ǰŮʵǿ󣬵ʵŸճãǰһŵġ
Ϊʲôᷢ飬Ǿ͹ڰɵ
ߣи
Ҷǳкܶ࣬ȻҲС
뿪̳ȥ߱͸ص߽Ϊģ˻ؾͻ½Ľ紦Ҳ߲ʽƴ
ؾô׽ȥģںʵʱ䣬ӵдԺƲܽȥ
ɵ֪ԼʦдԺƣϧڲǺʵʱ䣬޷ؾ
ҲһԼĺģ͸߲ʽƳŻؾڿȥ
ԭ߲ʽƸǿؾڵ
ȻȴȵؿһҾ޴ޱȵĴ󴬣ײ߲ʽơ
漴߲ʽƱ״˶˽ȥ
ȰɷӦʱѾ˴󴬵ļװϣңһɫĵı˹˵ҵͽܰɣԺĺġ
ɵʱ±ˡ
һŵȻҪΪͽ
ɵȻҲ͸ܾˡ
ϧҴ󷨽ƣûŵɸ޷뿪
ɱŵڴϻӣֱղ̨ŮӵƿǶ
ð𾪵ǣղ̨һʥ˵ΪΪÿ춼ڸ
ڣɲŷ֣ԭѾͷʹﵽʥ۷徳磬ڵľһ
ڰΪʲôôʥ۷壿Ϊղ̨͸һŵҩ𵤡
ɳ°֮󣬾͸ооİֻأ󣬱ʥ۷徳ˡ
˿̣ѾµŮʵ㵽˭Ի𣿡
ϻղ̨±һ˫С֣ߵԻ磬аֵҩǳԽ񾳽ǿ߲ƵĵҩҲּĵҩġ
ɵ˵ͷһŵҩֱӳʥֱӴﵽʥ۷壬Ҳֻлǿ߲Ƶĳ
ɻЩ֣ɻؿǰŮʵΪʲôԼԣȥƿֱӳ׼ɡ
Ҫֶû˵𣿡ղ̨°˰һۣƿ׳һ˵ûʱ򣬸׾ͽ̵ңûнɻ֮ǰǲܳΪĵҩĻԼ츳Ӱ쵽ԼԺ
Ե۾ŭ㻹ҳԣ
ߣܸұ𣿡ղ̨²мؿŰɣ˵ҸĸҸҪֻҪȵһܴ꣬ﵽ񾳽硣㣬԰𵤣ⱲӶԽʥ˵ĶΪӰ죬ҲҪﵽ񾳽˵ǵ츳֪ʲôʱܴﵽ񾳽أ㿼ǵ̫Զˡ
ܴ
ò̽ӣһ˳֮ΪţȻһСŮˣ
֪ղֻ̨Ҫﵽһ꣬ܽ񾳽磬ĽޱȰ
ˣҲйܹС㣬ǱԵģֻҪΪʦұ֤񡣡ղ̨¿ŰɳĬɵðο
ҡҡͷɻʦˣҺܺ棬Ϊʲôôã
˭Ҿһղ̨ƵƬħһ鶼ûУò㣬ֻˡ
ΪʲôҪңɻ
ղ̨ЦȻǰǿˣȻһؼҰȻһŮӣôɻջؼҰڰ·ϣƾͱЩǿ˸ˡ
ԿЦ㻹ҪһһⱲӶ֪ܲܳء
ղ̨һŵģһΪĵҩȹΪ֮Ҿͱ񡣵Ϊ֮һаΪĵҩ֤Ϊһǧ㳬ԽңȻԻһؼˡ
㶵ô鷳㻹ԼԵҩΪأ
ǲУղ̨ҡͷǧңһܳΪĵҩȻԺӰ쵽ҵ츳Ǿˡ
ˣɺ
ղ̨ЦԸ⼸ꡢǧʥ۷壬һӶδؽ񣬻ǳҵĵҩٽ񣬲ҳܼΪҪ֪滷ӶӣǲʵܻܲŶһ
ɿһ£ɵõ˵ͷҲԣԼ֪²ܳ
пٳİ취Ϊʲôã
ͺñһ˵ҿٳ񣬵ǳ֮Ϊͽ㿴Ƿôѡ񣬱֤һͬ⡣


1723 ׼ʱ
һ⣡
ɿǰղ̨£ʵΪʲôһҪҰΪʦ
ΪҸ׸˵ˣ˸ĸϵ⣬ʦͽϵˡ
ղ̨һ˵ҵһǣðΪʦС
һǰСѾͷҲųûãڡ֮С
磬˵ʦͽϵˣǸĸϵֻҪо޴棬Ҳᱳѡ
ȻΪԼˡ
ԣɷĵʦˣһֱӶԻİɣܸ÷˰ɡ
𣿺Ҹ˵Լǿղ̨СԴһ£˵ͷ˵Уȷ˵ڰʦ飬Ժ˵˵Ժͻıء
һı⣡ɷ˷˵
ȷģɿղ̨˵ҿԻȥ˰ɡ
ҪȥǱ𣿡ղָ̨߲ʽƵĶʵ
ɵ˵ͷ˵Ǳ߾ǵ棬ǳ֮Ϊ½
ͣǻ治֪ߣղ̨ԶʱһЦ
Ȼô
ղ̨Ц˸㣬Ҳһ½ǲĻ½ǽµֻ½һƬѣǻ½
ɺߵΣǾͽ½һСƨô¡
Сƨղ̨¶Űҧ

أ
һ죬Ϸ
ڻ½µǣڱʷ
ʮ칬Ķ깥£ػϷǵҲڼֲסˡ
û󷨵ػʣµļϷʥĶ֣ܿͱɱˡ
Ϸ֮һ½İڱˡ
ˣΪʷֻʣĴԼ̡
һ죬½߶ϷǵķĬĬһꡣ
ƺ˭Ҳû뵽ϷȻȻҲḲ
䣡
Ϸ𲻾úһǿޱȵϢͻȻѪ̵ķᴩǿգû½߾Զݡ
ǿҲˣѪѵҲ׼𣿡ǿ𾪵ؿѪ̡
ܿ죬½߾ͶˣΪѪѾ£ǵĽѪѾ׼񾳽硣
ʱûйȥãıʡĵӦ̽Ҳ׼񾳽硣
󲻾ãʡʡʡԨ̵ĽҲ׼񾳽硣
һʱ䣬λ½׼ճĿ
½Դ˽׼ʱ
û׼Ĳ̣һΪ̡

ʥ渽һǳأҶëԶüͷ
Щһﶼڡתһİ½׼񾳽硣
ëǸ׳գҪѡתһǣǲô̤׼񾳽硣
Щ˲׼ôҶǳڵʵۻ½˭Ķ֣
׼ҶǳҲûնԸڻýİ£Աİնѡ
ô˵
ëҶЦǺǽףҲôﵽʥڡ
ΣСֻҪﵽʥ磬ΪҲûϵѹʥ۷塣ëƲ
Ǻǣõģǳ׼Ҳʥ鷳磬ûһǡҶһŵ˵
˵꣬ҶëǱһȵ̧ͷ
ԭڸղţͬһʱյ˰ɵѶϢ
СˣҶЦЩ꣬ǲ֪ɷ˶Ϣͬʯ󺣣Сˡ
ë˵ͷû뵽СܵؾȥˣģûԿ׶ܽȥѹǶϵ
ؾһУҲ޷ϵҲѹЩ޷ϵˡ
С˵ҪһϲҹڻؾѾʥˡЦ
ëҡͷ㻹ǲ˽СӰĺݣǳʥô⣬үӦóɴʥˡ
Ǿ֪ˡҶЦ˵
ƽһʯͷ
¸£˵һϲǶʥƻᱻëЦ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ㱾һԪɣȳɹʥٴתһȻЩʥ
ԼΨһͽܣȻ


1724 
ؾ߲ʽƸոմİɣͨҶǳǷϢϲԾشһĨЦݡ
ʲôԱߴղ̨µ
Ц˵л磬鲼½ǿͨԽ뽻
ⶫǷ㣬ϧҲֻСطڻԽ̫ˣ޷ʱصؽղ̨Ʋ
ɺʵһֱ˵ܴж󣿡
ô֪ҸҲ֪Ҹңǳأʮڸô󡣡ղ̨˵
𾪵ʮڸ棿ûж˵һڡְɣǳڻҲһطɣ
ûж˵ʮڸô󡣡ղ̨°˰һۣ漴˵ǳڻ磬ǾһСȻôǳأǺ
Ŀղ̨£һСôǻж
ղ̨¿Цңҿûƭ㣬¸㣬ҸȻҲֻǳغжѣĻ磬ҲֻһС
һʵ֪ߵȼ𣿴ʼϻжٸȼ
ղ̨µ˵ͷ˵ȼǹ֪ģ׵Ҳ߹ˣ񣬺ͬ
š
ղ̨¼˵Ǿóߣ񡣵ʵոճģֻǴڴ֮ϣҸױ񡣡
ԭ㸸ҲֻǱһ磬ҲǺǿɻ
ղ̨µ˰һۣһû뿪֪ʲôҸ㣬ڻ磬ÿһ綼оŸλոշֻһ״Ҹ׿ǱǸʮλ
У㸸æ֣ʵ֮ϣжٸ磿
ղ̨ºһ˵֮ϣּ̫ǿߣҲֻ˵ǳؿûֵȼǿߡȻ񡢻ѾǻĳǿˣԳưһ
ڻ֮ϣǲİ֮󣬾Ǵۣ˵е̫ۣӦ˵ɣǽ۾磬ƽħһ塣
ղ̨µĻĬĬ߶ţ̫񡢻ۣȻôླ磬ʦǰ˵ûȷҪС￪ʼ
䡭
ڴʱԶһɹǿϢֱ񷣬̴ض
ղ̨¿Զȵ淢ʲô飿Ȼͬʱ˺üλ׼ҼǵûĻУ׼ǽߵĵȼǲӦôͻư
ɵ˵ͷ׼ôͻƵģѾﵽʥ۷壬ҪͻƵ׼񾳽磬֪Ҫꡣ
ʣĴ̵ĽҲǱʥ۷£
Щ׼ķƺĴ̵ķ
֣Щһǰһֱʥ۷壬ѵͻȻ˸򣬽׼񾳽磿ɿԶɻ
ղ̨°ֵˣǣǽ׼񾳽磬ҲвңҸ׿Ǹ˻ıһκβҡ
ðɣȻȥʦǿ϶֪ʲô顣
˵գͻȻЦʦ֪ҳԽ϶һٺ١
߰ɣȥǸʦҸһôʦţʱͿ԰Ϊʦˡղ̨˵
ˣѹ㼱żʦԭ׼ôˣʦ𲻻ΪһôͰʦŵĵġ
ҿԸһŰ𵤣϶ѡ񡣡ղ̨һŵǲܾ𵤵ջ
ԺͳԹ𵤣Ȼŵҩջ
ֱӽʥ۷壬˭ܾܾջ
ɲɵЩˡ

ʥ渽һǳأǸոտҶë˱ʱһ
ʥ۷ǿˣ
Ҳֹһ
ëص˵
ҶȴѾ̽üͷһ壬ЩȻǷɡһŮ֣ɾȻһʥ۷壡Ů˭ȻҲʥ۷壡
ʲô
ëԣʱһš
СӴﵽʥ۷徳磿
ôܣ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ҷǳûô찡
ҶǳѾˣĿǰҲֻʥڣͽܾȻһת۴ﵽʥ۷壿


1725 ۰
⡭⻹ǸһľϲΣȷҶڸǿЦëһĿ˵
ԱߵЦһû뵽һʥ۷尡ҶСڶûΪ
йŹ֣ɷǳͨͰô죬ˡתһһ㹻С
ҶҲһ˵ѵڻؾõʲô˲ĴУߵŮ˭½ʲôʱǿߣǰû˵
̸۰ɵʱ򣬰ɺղ̨Ҳӽǳˡ
ɶԱߵղ̨ЦʦϢǾڡ
ղ̨ŲԶĳǳأЩȵҸղŸӦһǿ̽ǣʦΪǲųʥողŵǴﵽ˵߲ΣҲҪܴﵽΡ
ǿ϶ʦˣʦóıľЦ
ǽӽǰĳǳأɾ¶ֵɫ
ô᣿澹ȻкüʥϢѵʦʶѣɿǰĳǳأЩ˼顣
ʦҲܽʶôʥɣôʥһˣʦôţ
ˣղ̨˵һ϶ʱ¶һ˿裬Ҳûж⣬ʥǲģⷽ棬ҲǼ׼Щˡ
һԵİɵ˵ͷ漴̽ǰ̽ȥ
һʱסˡ
ʦ𣿷ʦʦСʦ壿ɷǰ̽鵽Ҷ˺󣬲ɵһȡ
û뵽⼸ʥȻԼʦʦǡ
ǣӡУԼʦǲųʥԼǼλʦ壬ҲֻǴʥ磬ɷǰǿһЩҲֻǹʥڣôһת۾ʹﵽʥ磿
ȻѾʥ۷ˣǳҪﵽʥжôѣ˰𵤣ô̵ʱڴﵽʥ۷塣
𵤿ǻı֮ⷽиӵȼıŶԡ
ڰɺʱҶѾǰˣһЦݵؿ
ɣһﵽʲôԵȻһӱĵʥ۷壬ѱүһëյΧתţһ档
Ц˵ʦҲﵽʥҲһ
ëƲʦҲʥڣʥ۷ܱ𣿡
ˣϻˣأɼüŪۣŮ顣
ɿЦһûнͣҶǰæ񣺡ʦ𣡡
ţܹд˻ԵҲĸΪ̫ˣƻȹ̣п㼸λʦʦд¡Ҷ΢Ц
ô˵ɴﵽʥ۷壬Ƿǳ˵ģٺˡ
ڰɵĻԵû⣬磬˭ûԵҶǳĻԵ֪ж٣
ǣʦ𣡶ˣʦղ̨£ԻǳأڻؾģҲһŰ𵤣һ죬ﵽʥ۷塣
ɲûҶʵ飬ղ̨µ֪
֪ղ̨Ի磬ǻ飬Ҷڣ˶һ𾪡
ǻŵĻ飡ëֹ
ɷҲһ𺳡
磬Ȼ֪ڻ磬һֱɴ˵ġ
Ͼֻдﵽ񾳽磬ܴϣ硣
Ȼⷽ棬мܹﵽ񾳽磿
Ҳûжٰ
ղ̨С㣬ãлΪҲӭǲ̣ʲôҪģ뾡ܷԸҶתղ̨֣ص
ԷԻ磬ֻʥ۷ΪҲС
ңѾ˵ϸλղ̨СŸոճãǻǳĳ峤飬ݵλܸߡ
ҶҲӡ
ǰɵʦ𣿿۰ɣҪβſϽʦţղ̨¿Ҷ˵
Աߵİԣʱɫһڡ
ҶҲסˣëŴͣ˿۶䣬ΪԼˡ
һҶŷӦȻղ̨С㣬γԣΪʲôҪʦţ
ղ̨µ˵ΪҪΪͽ㲻ʦţͲΪʦ
Ҷ

һԵİɿæҶһ
ҶŻȻ漴ղ̨ЦҪղ̨Сʧˣǲ̣ǷʦĴǲὫʦŵġ
ǰ𵤣ҲǰɳԵǸͨʥֱӽʥ۷壬֤Ϊȹ̣κθáղ̨ԣʱóɱﵣгһŹâҫĽ𵤡


1726 
𵤣
Ҷһղ̨еǸӵСĽ𵤣Ǹ̺ܵĿֲз׷𾪡
ǻĵҩܹһı
ҶԱ⣬ë˶۾
ʥ۷壬Ҷǳ˵ǲǺѡ
ë˵Ǿ̫ˣܡ
ȻҲˡתһֻҪ㹻һʥ۷塣
ǣû㹻
Ҷǳڣʥڣʥڵķ²ܼŴʥ۷塣
Ҷǳȥҵʥڵķ²
ȥĴɱ
ǿ¾ҪЩˡ
⻹ҶǳԼֻʥڵķ²ǿܴյ롣
ëǣҪľ͸ˣɱĴ̵ʥҲǽʥ۷尡
ϾĴ̵ʥҲô࣬ҶǳǼ׼²ˣë
Ȼõ׼񣬾ҶǳԺܹǣҲѽ²
ԣǰܹһİ𵤣ëǿжô
ղ̨ղ̨С㣬ٶǼŰ𵤣ұ֤Ȱ˵ҶСӽɸʦš
ëʱƤղ̨˵
һԵҶͰͬʱ
ɿЦʦǰô㣬Ȼˡ
ҲΪð㶼ﵽʥ۷ˣΪʦˣʦԺҲûʲôɽ̵ˣ㻹ղ̨СΪʦԺȥ磬ĺôëɫһȻӡ
ƲƲ죬ŲëΪأûëǿŰ𵤣ˮˡ
ȿȣԱߵһ£԰˵ǰɣʦ˵ĶԣѾʥ۷ˣҪ˶þܴﵽ񾳽磬Ȼ硣˻磬Ҫ°ʦģʦҲôСֹΪʦ
ʦôҲɺЩؿԼʦҶ
ҶȻҪ˵˵ûзʲôôܽʦš
һʱЦݣ֪Լʦ䲻Ϊһôġ
ʱֻҶ԰˵ɰΪʦأȻʦšΪѾΪʦҲȷ԰ΪʦˣҲֹ㡣
ʦ㡭ɶʱ
Ҷʹ˸ɫɣúÿ㸸ĸ㸸ĸûʲô츳ҪΪ𵤡
һҪ˵ʦʦ֮⣬ĸȻںˡ
ǰҲûпǹԼĸĸ֪ԼĸΪܳʥ
Ȼ޷ʥǾ޷ð𵤡
ϾҲҪʥ˼ܽ
뵽ɶҶʦҸĸޣ֪ʲôʱܳʥء
ǺǣģҶ΢΢һЦûʦǶﵽʥΪʦа취ɳʥɹʥף㲻õġ
һ룬ʱȻ֪ëǲô״ﵽʥ磬ȻԼʦʲôֶΣ治Լʦ𰡡
ǵҪŰ𵤣ſðɰΪʦղ̨¿ҶͰֹʱͷ˵
ȻɴǰѾԻˣղ̨µ˼άʦͽϵΪգҲڵʱĸġۡ
ššҪʮҲУëæ˵
ҶԱû˵黹ëȥɣΪ̽½һţȥһճõСŮ
ǳ鴤һ£΢΢תͷ뿴ëǣоһĻܶˣҲܱԼƺһˡ
ʮҿûô࡭ղ̨ԣüͷü
ëڨڨſҲУҪ˿ţ
ұͰ˿ţֵͼҩҲûҶ٣ɳһţֻʣ߿ˡղ̨·˷ƣʱֳĽ𵤡
ë۾һæ˵߿ҲУ
ҩԸ㣬ʦղ̨ҩһؿë˵
ȻܵҲоǰЩ
ȿȣ
оԼһСѾͷˣëεؿ˼漴ղ̨˵ãھټӣаʦΪ˱֤˳ϣղ̨СܹΪǲ̵Ĵ泤ϣûݣǲ̵ŰΪʦҲ˵ȥ
泤ϣСղ̨¶Դ˲û⣬Ҫ硣
һԵҶҡҡͷһ˼Ҳ˵˼Ҹ˲̣Ҫ׼Ժټ
ղ̨±ϾԻ磬ϲ֪˶ٺộԺ˼


1727 ˽
߿Ű𵤺ҶСȴղ̨ȥϢˡ
߿Ű𵤣߸ʥ۷ǿ߰ǲ¿ԳưԻ½ˡëе߿Ű𵤣ʱ˷ܡ
ҶŰɣЦ˵Ȼȥ㸸ĸɣЩҲܵ㣬ǹҰǳʥ
ţɵ˵ͷ漴㳯ʥȥѾ֪ǲ̵ĴӪʥ档
һԣëÿŰ𵤣Ҷ˵Ű𵤣׼˭ԣ
һһʣµһѩѾͷɣе˽ġҶЦ
Щ꣬ѩҲٲˣ֪֮Ĳࡣ
ֻߣѩҲ˸飬ѶҶǳĸתΪ֮顣
ҶǳԼҪ˶ãԷ磬ڴ֮ǰȻҪһѩʵܰķ
үˣѾʥˣҲֻܽʥ۷壬㡣ëҡͷ
һԵҲ˵ˣͦ˷ѵģʥ۷ǿ߳
ɷҲ˵ͷܹΪʥѾˡ
οڶǲ̵ĸ߲㣬ҲΪ̿ˡ
ҶҲûмƴǣԱ˵ͷ˵ȻˣǾھǵѡ˰ɣѡ츳õģǸлﵽ׼񾳽硣
ëЦǾѩӣʦүΪɡ
ҶԿëһۣ˵ͷ
Ҳ֪ëѡЩˣΪǵġ
ӡʦүڲ̵һУ츳ǶģѡǺ
ѩΪͲһЩȫΪҶǳϵãϾһãһʦ
ҶҲû⣬˭û˽İ
һǲ̾Ͷ˰λʥ۷ǿߣһٳưԻ½ëЦ
һԵЦ˵ֹ˸ղ̨СҲʥ۷ǿߣԻ磬Ҿ϶кܶƣ׼δκε
Ҷ˵ͷصλղ̨СȷǿһֺΣյĸоĸĸֱ϶һЩı
ˣԺðСϺһЩëٺЦ
Ҷ΢΢һЦɻǲ̵ĸλôĺôǲ̶˼ʥ۷ǿߣԺ㲻ÿһˡ

ʥ档
ɵִﲹǣʱͿҶһëˡ
һ£ɵûͷһ漴ҶһǣһԺʦôҲˣ
ëǹЦ
ҶһЦ˵ģֻǵķǼǱ𡣵ȻһǷҵıڱչС
Եɴ۾ŵʦﵽʥ磿ôôǿķ
ʦɣҶһЦЦ
ëʩչһӡɣ֪ë˺ԼҲûеֿ
ӡڣԺһ𣬶ʱˡתһŹ
Ź㣬뷢ģý䴫ˡҶһɫ
һ£ʱ֪ŷĿֲҲ֪ҶǳΪʲôô죬֪Źһ˳ȥɶô޴Ӱ졣
ɵģŹȥ
Ҷһ˵ͷŹΪֹҲֻëһ˿ԴɷǣҲģŹȥ
֮ôΪ˱֤Źȥ̣Ҳֻëһ˿Դڱˡתһ
ʮ칬Ǳߣͻ
ҶһƣѾƵ÷ˡ
ϾҶǳġתһǴӻõġ
ŭ֮£ȻûŹ
ҶǳܿƣǴȥĹ˷ģй¶Ա㱣֤Źڻ½ĳ֡
ϾһŹȥˣ˶֪ˣ½ɱ¾һƬ
ΪŹֻҪɱ¾ˣˣʵ
Щû츳˵϶Ķģ϶᲻ֶεʵ
ʱ½ɱ¾֮С

ú󣬰ﳤշҲˣëͬǡתһȻôʥ򣬹ǳʥ
Է˰𵤣չ֮С
ɿűչеĸĸҶһ˵ð𵤣оÿһᾭһ꣬ǻڰ
ǰֻذҶһԣ̾ѣĵҩҲֻлŻУ֮ⷽ˭óҲ
ú׼°ɣаʦ䡣ë԰Ц
ɶʱɥ


1728 ƨ
Ϊƨİʦ䣬ëಹ̵ղ̨ӡ
ղ̨ȻݲԻ磬ϾŸոճã˵䲻ģǾû档
ԣǧǧ̵ӵļ֤£ղ̨¸е˷ܣЦͮͮġ
ëƼһĻæʹ˸ɫȥЩŵӹǴЦףش泤յüͽǵҪͷһҪ񡣡
ΪɶҲ˰ɣõô鷳𣿡һ⡣
Ҳɻؿ
ëһɸֵǰ׳հϲӣȥϲ˼ң˼Ϊѵ᲻һô
޳ܣһ㶣漴Цá
ëҲҡͷһ̵̾ŷ綼ˡ
ëƲŷܹ𣿡
ʱ
ʱԱߵѾһ˳ȥعղ̨ǰЦݵףصϲ泤յüͽӶղ̨泤ĽѾãǵе̫ӹܹΪʦֱĸ֡
Աߣëһ͵ص˵ͷ˵һ
û޳ܿˡ˵
ҡͷ˭Ҳʶ
Сͷ˵ʲôôһһӣҡ
û˵ôá
ղ̨¿ŹԼǰһԼʱɫͨҡһᣬ˵һá
ղ̨泤ϾȻ˵ˣ
ȴǾһеľ֮ɫŨˣ˵ղ̨泤ϵĻӵ龹ǾþòƽƣϣϣΡ׵ȱʲôˣղ̨泤ִֶ׷ԼֶļʵĺظС
Ӵʱ˿ֻ߾Ϊ֮һϵҲϰ룬νԹӢ۳꣬ղ̨泤ᣬоγ֮ţ֮ǡƣһ£Ӿղ̨ϱǿ˲ֹǧٱ
Ӷղ̨泤֮ĽϽˮ಻ʯãѣġ
;ƻǹһ˵ͣڳ˶ˡ
ëҲһ£β˵˲ŰУ˲Ųûҿһš
ƨ𣿡Ű۵
С죬˵
롢ӡѩһתͷʾԼʶ
ҶҲһ
һĻȴǰ˸ʵ۾ˡ
ֻԭϵղ̨£˿Ѿվǰ
û뵽ôã
ղ̨´ǰһЦݵʵҲҾôãΪҸĸ;˵ģõܹãȻҶ֪ôá
Ҷ
ë
ˣ
ȴæ˵ܹղ̨泤ϣǵⱲˣõܵԵΰղ̨泤ϵĻͺñȺڰдҹյ磬ֺñ˺Ƶ⣬һ˲õ¶õʵŵġֻղ̨泤߱ػ֪ʶϵˣΪΨһߡ
ղ̨ɫͮͮؿ˵ܺãĵӣӦҪص࣬ţȻĳǵһμ棬ǵø񡣡
һæ˵Ƕ಻˼ߴͲҴǣղ̨泤ϴʲôӶᵱڴʶһˣǼҵĴ泤ϣʹ͸һʥȻӲʥϾǵȱҲ׻áֻҪǳͣӶлġ
ʥ𣿡
ղ̨ԣйâһʱͳһͷ״ʥɢǿϢ
ԶҶ۾һУɫʥһʥҪ׼ˡ
ɷ˵Ի磬ֶϵǿƵģͬʥƵʥҪǿˡ
ˣ£֪үҲȥ˵ˡëһƵΪɵĳղ̨ƽȴǲùȥƨˡ
ղ̨泤ϹԻǿߣóһʥǾ岻ѡ
ǰĴӣ۾Źóóǹ֪ǷԻһ
쵰Ȼޣ£Զë޲һ߷ȡ֮
ղ̨ȴٴóһͨɫĳǹͬɢʥǿϢ
ӶлϺ񰮣ʱϲ̵ؽӹǹ
ղ̨Ц˵һôٸһսΪţһԺ򲻹ĵˣҲߣٶ׼׷ϡ
˵꣬ղ̨¾һɫս׺һ
һ㶡
ԶҶë˼ʵ۾ˡ
ЩĲŵӣʱһȺһ׷ǰݵڵء


1729 
ˣһ˸ƨ͵õļʥ
ԣһǹս֮⣬Ǹӣղ̨Ҳûջȥһ͸ˡ
쵰ǹڣһɫսףֱϹ˵۾
ֳֺɫǹһֻŴӣ䲻
ëһԼʵ۾ˡ
Ҳٳˣ˿ֻʹԼǡ
Ҫ磬ֻǸ˵ƮƮƳһԱ߼ë
ëҧгݵûүѣд˻ԵѶЩüֱ˷ѡ
ŭƾʵģΪʲôҪ㣿
ƨһʥҪôǿıʲôëŰ۵
תһ֮һԪԳ˹ʥ
ʵϣҶǳЩѣ˹ʥ
ϾЩˣöȻǡ
ⴸӸ㣬˰ɡս˴ӡ
ëЦеǹҲгɣģү㱣ܣȸãԺʥٸ㡣
СʱôƭѹǮġǽеĳǹ
ë۾ϵɫսס
ŭһƤҲߣ
ëЦֲǲ֪ǲ̶˺üʥ۷ǿߣǿɶûгֵıսȸѩãôɰܲϣΣհɣһ͹ˣΣʱӡ
ֵϵɫսףȻתˣëע⡣
ë΢΢Ц漴ԶǱһȺŵΧסղ̨£нŹ⡣
һ󱦲ذ
ë뵽
һԵҶ˹ļ򣬹úøɣû¾ͰһЩӹȥ밲
İɣү֤е飬ﵱڶҡëһŵ
Ҷ磬ƭ᲻᲻ðԱߣѩЩͬؿԶղ̨С˵
Ҷ΢΢Цô˵ƭأֻǶãҲǺãˡ
ѩǸģ˰𵤣ټսף׼˭κβ㡣ëɫս׽ѩ
Ưսףѩɫս׷ǳϲϺ󣬸оƯˡ
Ϊ˺ɫǹ˴ӡ
ʥ𵤺ҲΪ̵Ķս
ʦˣղ̨º⣬̵Ҳ⡣
ɣҲˡ
û취ղ̨̫ˣֱӸ˰һ

ˡ
ڰɵҪ£һѽҶǳӳǿս
˿̵Ҷǳپ»½κˡ
һУ½֪
˭Ҳ֪̻ڶʱǿôʵ

½ʱǳƽΪĴ̶˴˼ɵ˭Ҳս
Ѫ̣ҲҳֶԸ̣ϾҶǳ֮ǰڱչֳʥ۷ʵ
ο⻹ֻҶǳһ
ʵѪҲ޿κΣҴɱţǾֻܷβ̷չ
ѪȻûмŶҶǳֻ֣Ҫǲ̵ĵӣȥѪ̵ĵ̣һ·һ
Ȼ̶Ѫ̵ĵӣҲǸϾɱ
ҵĵˣǾԻụɱݡ
̣ȴһԿϷ̺ܲѪļҵùǵ¡
ⶼڵͼӵ飬ʥѪ̺Ͳ̻ǱȽϿƵģûлɱ
ΪǶǳܾˣǾͻ

ʥ档
ڻ½ƽʱҶǳļ߷ʼæʱٴ
ʱëһʱٴ
ȥˣӡѩǶʥ۷壬ҶǳͲõˡ
˿̣ʥڵĲУҶһʱëʱٴĿԡ
ë˵󷨵ǿúܴܹǿʱٴЧ
վû˴߶ѷӳǿʱü
Ҷһ˵߶Կ
ëҡͷ߶ܴ߶ãҪ֪ⶫǷǳķģûͻᱻɡ
ԿЧ˵Ҷһֵ
ëʱʱٷ
úǰʱٴûоڱչصҶǳ𣬿ʼҶһ߶ǿ
䣡
һ˲䣬ͷų貵⣬Ƕڲ
ǵĲ̵ӶԴѾֲˣΪҶһоʱᾭִ󶯾
ǣҶһǲ֪߶ʱڻǳصĳһǿ񣬻Ȼ


1730 ǧ
磬ǳء
ǳǿļ壬Ǳղ̨ǧ壬ưǳأγƽ״̬
ȻЩ꣬ǳȴ޷ƽˣΪǧ°ղ̨ղ̨£Եղ̨񱨸һսʹ꣬ڶûн
ǧ֮ðſսķնôΪһ˵һ̫ǹĴ˵
˵̫ʱڣһλ̫ǳ䣬ǹĴС
˭õǹϣ̤̫񾳽硣
Ҫ֪ڻ磬洦ɼ̫ȴѾһλ۷ˡ
ǳصڶûгһ̫
ĿǹΪ̫Ǻʣһͳǹ
ڲǰղ̨ĸһŵͬʱҫ󣬲һһΰĹǳϿգǳغεصߣܿüΰĹ
ʱǳص߱ףղ̨λҵǹĹؼпܾλǳص̫ת֮
ʱǹѾõǧ壬ڷղ̨һλղ̨͵ˡ
ղ̨Ҳʱˣ˫һɱŵؾʱշ籩ʧ
ղ̨˷ˣЩ겻ϵعǧ壬ǳضս֮У嶼ɱۣ˴˲ء

ǳأǧܲǧ֮ǡ
ǧִ˿һҾƹ֮УƵغžƣǳá
Ǳǧ尲ղ̨ղ̨֣ղִ̨µλãղ̨Ҫְˡ
͵ղ̨ǿŵǴһͻᱻΪǧĳϣһ
ȻͷǹܴɣôǱȫΪӰʲôͶûУ˱ӡ
ǧǸʰ
ʱûǸͻȻֵʱշ籩ʱûбղ̨ǿסôѾΪǧĳˣλȨأưһ
ϧһжûˡ
ţ
ڴʱںȾǷϵǧ֣Ȼ͵̧ͷֻ۾⣬Զ
Ǹ򡭡ȻǼĲȻ΢ȷȷʵʵڡ
ǧ־ƶʱˣһ
ǼǸۣǿŵһʱշ籩ˡ
Ҳ˵ҵǼпҵǿŵ
ңôȥˣλղ̨СѾˣڴ߶Ǽ
һΣһҪѾͷҸѾˣֻҪõҾҵǹȻõλ̫ĴУʱҾ뿪ǳأҸطҳΪ̫ٻһͳǳء
ǧգʱ뿪ǧ֮ǣǸŲƶȥ

½ʥ档
Ҷһ߶ֻоȫڷţٶȣƳŲһ꣬Ҫɡ
ʱٴĹЧҲﵽһֲĳ̶ȡ
ʮ򱶼ʱ䣬ֱǿ򱶣ʮ
Ҳ˵ԭҪܽ׼񾳽ҶǳֻҪǧˡ
ԭֻҪʮˡ
ʱ̵ʮֱֲ
򱶵ʱ٣Ѿ󷨵ļˣҪֻһСʱһԿתп
ųʱû뵽ʱܹٵô౶Ŀֲ
⻹ֻҶһڴ߶߶ǻ֪ܹǿٱ
ҶСӣģֶܹãëԱһ̽󷨵һѯҶһ
ҶһЦģֻܼһ꣬һҾҪˡ
Ǳ֮Ҫòָܻëٶʵ
Ҷһ֮ĻҪһ꣬⻹ǿٶȸԵʡ
ëüǾҪһٸֻ֧С
ȵȣʱԣҡͷǿǰһЧһЩ
ë۾һͷ⣬Ȼϵ
£ëʱһ֣һ޴
󷨹֮ҶһʱܵΧӿϵسԼӿ
Ҷһһ£ϲЧǳãֻҪʮָܻ꣬
Ǿ˵Ҫʮֻ֧ʱٴСëüͷ
ڣҶǳֻ˵ĸҶǳĸֲС
Ȼë뵽˰ɡѩǣѾﵽʥ۷壬ʵȲҶһҲ˶ٰɡ
ëƻҶһҶһԿ
ܿ죬ɡѩﳤշ򸾡Ϊӡղ̨Ǿ͸Ϲˡ


1731 Σ
ʦʲô𣿡ɿǰҶһҶҶҶġҶ塢ҶˣɫЩŹֵʵ
û취Ҳ֪ó˭˵Ͼʦķ
˵û⣬ǶѾˡתһҲзˡ
ƽǷ£½
ǵı𣬶ڲ
ڲʮʥ۷ǿ򣬻ҶǳԼһǻ½ǿû֮һ
ȻһУ涼֪
Ҷǳǳ͵
˵Ҷǳڼ壬Ϊʱ䡣
ʲôʱ񾳽磬ȥѪ̵ܲѪ̣ǲ̱һٳưԻ½ˡ
ڴ֮ǰһжҪΪҶǳ·
ǰİɵˣҶһ˵뵽˰취ô߶ʱٴЧ߶̫ķˣֻܼһʱ䣬ԵҪʮֻڻĸ
ôһ˵˾ˡ
ЩҶǳĸڶѾ֪Ҷǳܹʱٴʵ
ܹʱٴЧôҶǳʵͻٽ
ˣ˶ǳӡ
һȵ˵ʦԿ
Ҷһ˵ͷ漴óλãеɣ߶
䣡
߶ɸоԼڵƾ˵̵ĺˮϵطš
ɸһ£ҿְֻܼ꣡
ҶһЦ˵ȻҸߣҲ̫ˣְܹѾܲˡ
ɵ˵ͷ漴þһһȥԡ
Ƕһֻ֧Űʱ䡣
ë˵˲ֵܵһҶСӣҲ˵ʣµĸҪǵеİ˸˲С
Ļ½ƽû£ȰʦɡЦ˵
Ҳ˵ͷڶʥ˷£òϱ
գҶһðɡӡѩﳤշ򸾡ΪͲ˰תʱٴ
Ҳҿɴղ̨󱦲أȻĻôʥ۷ǿ߰
ҶһòңԼѡ˰ͽ
һһģ춨

ǧʱתۼš
ؾ
һӰ̤նԻǳصǧ֡
˿̣ǧ͸߲ʱϣŶĻ½
˼ⷽ澹Ȼһ½Ƭ׹䣬һϣһС⣬һڣγ״̬
ǧЩȡ
ǳؼܶ棬Ҳû棬ǳء
ȻҲֻǸ̾һ°ˣûԼ˵Ŀġ
ǼĲⷽڣһڳ߶
ţⷽھȻ׼񣬶һֹһλ׼е鷳ˡ
ǧּ̽ŶĻ½Ȼüͷһ塣
֮̽УĻ½Ȼкü׼Ϣ
ңЩ׼ΧȻϢ
׼ʵ棬֡
ұϾߣûʵһǿнⷽ棬ͻܵⷽ־Ĩɱ
ǧüͷ˵
־ǳǿΨܿ⣬ֻ߽״񣬻޷ֿ־
ԣϵǿ߽٣ƾʵҽ֮С
峤񼶱ǿߣȻҵղ̨ѾͷôǹҡǧҰĺܴ
ʵʱȻ֪ͨǧ峤ǰôԶԷʵɨ棬ʱ򣬾ҶǳҲòղ̨£Ŀܡ
ǧҪǹУ֪ͨǧ峤Ҳ֪ͨˡ
úúıһ£Ѿͷھ񣬷磬мǧ꣬һ㹻ʱı
ǧϥʼ˼ⷽץסղ̨¡
ղѾǿ̽ˣղ̨¾ʥ档
ͬʱҲʥ̽鵽ʮʥ۷ǿߣл
Ȼղ̨ѾͷѾⷽڵĳᵽһ
ʮʥ۷ǿߣټһһ׼κβǡ
ֻսˣֻҪ׼񼶱սܣӦҪ˶೤ʱ䣬ʱ䣬͹Ƴһ׼񼶱սˡֻҪǧʱ䣬ʮ׼սԵƽⷽ档
ǧգһ֣ʱһϳǰ
׼񼶱սܣûУϾֵͽսܣһûУҪƣ
ҲʱãòơϾϻǳعսܣҲҪǧʱ䣬һױ˷֡


1732 Ѫı
Ѫ̡
ѾΪ׼ѪǰľŸŸ˿Ҳʥ۷塣
׼񣬻оŸʥ۷弶ķǺεȵʵ
һˣܺɨ½ưԻ½
ǽʱͬĴ̣˲֮⣬ϴ󣬶һﵽ׼񾳽硣
ңЩҲһӵоŸʥ۷弶ķ
ԣʵǿˣҲܳưԻ½
̣ҶǳǸСϣڶѾɳʥ۷壬κβá
ǸСٳɳȥˣĻٽһǾκβˡѪ뵽
ȻǰľŸѪɫҶǳСӾӵʥ۷弶ʵҲûмʥ۷弶ķξŴһٽĲ̻𡣡
վѪ̵̻񣬸ûôʥħ²Ҳû㹻Ҷǳǿ
ԣѪãҶǳһﵽʥŴһҶǳ
Ϊ˱һ㣬ҿܲһЩˣͬԸ̡ϾҶǳСӵĳɳٶȺܿ죬Ҳһв
ѪԵúܽϾıôɱҶǳʧˣҶǳɳ˽ز
ǰûҶǳڣѾǳҶǳˡ
ԣѪҪô֣һǾȫԸȻٸҶǳѵĻᡣ
뵽Ѫ̹ͨϵ
ϰþòҲ׼񾳽˰ɣѪЦǺǵԵ÷ǳ顣
ϰƲƲ죬жʱѪԼɵ˵ⲻǷϻڳҶǳСӣ˭׼񣿡
Ѫ΢΢Ц˲˵㣬ΪҶǳСӵ顣ҲˣҶǳСӲͬѰĳɳٶ̫ˣٸ꣬˵׼񣬳пܡ
񣿡м㻣Ұ˭֪ҶǳСߵռ֮ҪڵгԽ񼶱ĲϲУ½ҲּĲϡ
Ѫ˵ǿЩҲĽھѾʥˣԺ˵ƾ񡣡
Ǻǣ𣿡̵½ô꣬Ҳûгһ׼ǿߣ˵ǿˡ
֤ѹܡ
ڻ磬߼Դѻпڳǰ񾳽
ǻ½ɲǻ硣
Ҷǳܹ
ҲţǷҶǳСϣȴòš
Ѫԣ»ûǹҶǳСӲŶǰǰ㼸꣬Ѿʥ۷ˡʥǸ˼ꣿԣҶǳСϣʲô漣пܳ֡
Ȼ˵ôҾ͸ûбҪˡЦҪҶԸҶǳǺǣǰ׳ǰûеǲ̣ҲûеҶǳҸΪУǼɵѪ̺ܾˣٿû֮Ļᣬαô缱ų֣
ѪѪӿҧŭƥһڵģһ̣ûʸѪܾˡ
ǺǣҵţЦһͨ
ѪɫȻ˵˰ǿҲ޷˵Ӧ̽Ͷˡ
⣬ʡԨ̽ʣָҶǳ⣬Ҳ׶Բ̳֡
Ǿֻʣһˡ
һǧǰҶǳڱնɱֵڸʵķһñʵӣҲñߡ
ѪΪ̡ܹ
£ѪͨʣʵҪԸ̣ҾŴʲô㣿
ʻѶҾ֧㣬ΪɱҶǳǱϳ˲̡
ѪǸ£ҪźƨӶҶǳˣҪǱսƷİɣ
ȻЩ£ûһǼ򵥵ģҪѪ̺Ͳƴܾˣ֮
Ѫҧгݵ˵ϴҶǳ㶪ӣѵʣһСʵ㣬ξŴҪһˣͳңǺҶǳСӺµֵز˵ǼӽǼ㱱ʵ׻ǲˡ
Ǳ߳ĬãŻظ֣ҳһ߷
Ѫһ߷ܱȲҪãҲʥ۷弶ս
ԣסˡ


1733 һǧ
֮࣬˺˯
Ѫ˵˱֮󣬱ϵʮ칬⣬˵̾λʮ칬ĺģһʮ칬׵塣
һѪҪԲ̳ˣɵЦѪ̺Ͳ̲Уҵܾˣٳʰ̡
ѪԣûаѣЩһҪֱ֮޳ܡ
סѪҶǳʵڼǿһǿˣ̳̣Ҷǳ룬µĵҲҪӴĵ̡ԣʮ칬Ҫôڵĵ̣ҪôͺͲһս޷ѡ񡣡
ĬƬ̣漴˵ʱҪ̶֣ȵѪ̸ܾ˵
Ѫõҧгݵ˵ҺҶǳȻУֻҪҲ֣ҲκβҡҲԵȣȵ׳󣬺ʮ칬ܾ˺֮
Ц㲻ҵȣ㺦ҶǳǿǿҲκβ
Ѫߵ͸ҵˣһҶǳ׼κεˣСӻлý磬ռ֮һ׼ù
ʵҲܵǣϾ֪Ѫ˵öԣʮ칬ĵ̣Χ˲̣Χʥ档
ͺñȲʮ칬һ̣ڣʮ칬ܹ˯
һ̱ǿǾֻܶԸʮ칬Ϊ̵Χʮ칬ĵ̡
ԣ̺ʮ칬һս޷ģǵ֮۶Թ
ѪƺµĶˣȰ˵һŴУҲһ߷ʮʥս˽죬ٸҶǳ֣ǾֻһһˡǴõĻᣬ㵱Ҫ
ԵȷЩĶʮʥ۷弶սټŸʥ۷弶ķ׼ټеǾкܴտɱҶǳˡ
Ҷǳʥ棬ǵطѹΪֻԷս
ԣֳҲûʥɱҶǳ
뵽Ѫ˵Ѫ©һ㣬Ҷǳʥ磬ʥУЩʥ۷弶սʥ֮Уұֳûаɱ֮ʥڣɱ׼񣬶ܡ
ѪüͷǲҳģϾһʧȥ³͸Ϸһ˸ˡ
ֻҪѪ̻ǼԺҶǳ׼ˣҲκβѪ̡
ʥǵطȷǸ鷳
ѪƬ̣˵ȻˣǾ壬Ҷǳһɱ
УֻҪֳܹҳ˵ǰͷҶǳ𲻳ǲֵġ˵ǳɱҶǳǾͲܳ֡
ϾںҶǳУԺҶǳǿޱȣ˴ʮ칬뿪ͲҶǳܸϾɱ
һˣԺ˫ֻܲˡ
ԣоԵİտɱҶǳ֡
ѪҲ֪ϼһﲻ׳֣ܹ˵Ͳˣѩ̿ˡ
뵽ѪͷͽˣúÿŰɡ
˵꣬ͽͨ

ʥ档
Ҷһʹ߶ʱٴѾȥһǧʱˡ
ֻҪʱ䣬ҶǳĻܴﵽ%90Ҳ׼񾳽硣
ڣҶǳаǣڼʱ׼ֻ
ëʱڼоʱٴЧ
ʱٴЧѾﵽ˼ˣͨѾ޷ߡʱ̾Ϣ
ë˵ͷ˵ڿҪ񼶱ĸԴ߶ʱٴЧ
ʵֻܷӳҶڶ޷ӳʵҶﵽ׼񾳽磬Ƴ׼񼶱ķǻͿٴʱٵЧʱ˵
ëЦ׼񼶱ķɲƣĻ½ûķǵ÷²һλ׼СҶСӴﵽ׼񾳽磬Ҳֻܻ׼񣬶޷ɱڷ²׼񡣡
ʱ˵ͷҲ֪ⲻܣǾֻܿȡʤˣˣʱٴһÿŶһȻһ߶ǻܹٴʱٴЧ
ë˵ͷҪ˵Ȼɫһ䣬ŭ쵰Ѫ̾Ȼʥ׷ɱǲ̵ĵӣ


1734 
Ѫ̺Ͳ̵ͼ֮Ѿʲôܣ½߶֪֮ĶԹ
棬ֻҪɵĵǿ϶ǻɱ
ǣǰɶƣʥϵս
ǾڸղţѪ̾Ȼʥ˶Բ̵ŵӽжɱʵɱ˲̲ŵӡ
ëܿյϢʱŭ
ҶСӹ֮ǰүȺ쵰ֽȺ쵰ԼǾͱֱүˡ
ëɫ˵
ʱüͷô궼ల£ѪôͻȻ飬ǻ᲻ʲôĿģ
ëں˵ʲôĿģǲ̱ǿ׳ȻǣǱүͺúýѪˡ
ʱЩпѪǺεǿߣ½ľͷ
ǰ˭ôѪ˵˵ҪѪˣ
ʱ֪ë
Ȼëڻ½Ĵڸк̵ܵͣʱ򣬶ë
ʱȴ֪ⲹ̣Ҷǳ֮⣬ëȨ
ʱҶǳҪë
ǰʱЩ⣬ֱ˴֪֮ëԭҶǳɶʦ
ʦѣӷʱڱ㿪ʼһ۸飬ⲹ̣ҲѩСܹ֮ȡ
ΪϵëԴ̣ҪѪˣ˸ҲӦ
ⲻ̵ʥǿߣһʼʥ˷ɱѪ̵ȥˡ
ʱѪʧء

Ѫܲ
Ѫŵ˵ʱѪ̵ľ޴ʧɫǳƽû˿ΪһжԤ֮С
ΪͻȻʥ˶Բ̳֣˵֮Щʵ
ѪҲûٷҶǳСӳɳȥˣѾͱʡˣҪһ֣Ҷǳʥ棬һٽ𡣡
Ҷǳˡתһжǿķôƶʥڣǲġ
Ѫ˵ͷɭԣò̵ʥ˶ֻҪץסЩʥˣõҶǳԮ𣿡
ȻѹѪͻȻ벹̵ʥ

Щǵ̺ǲͬšתһɳʥˣֻǷ㱻ץסˣҲ޷ҪЮҶǳ
ѪԲ˵ʥ˼ķһҲǾɱɱʥ˷ˣǱ𲻳𣿡
ҪЩˣʵ
ѪЦκҲ˱ʽף֮һġתһʹǣһٿƳһķǵķȥɱ̵ʥˡ
Ѫһŵ˵ǲûо޴棬Ѫ̣вٵµħܣǷˣҲܺܿ첹Ҳ̵ܹʥˡ
Դϲ⡶תһ͵ˣϧֻ֮һġתһֻ޷Źʥ۷壬׼
Ҳû취ҶǳŹƵĺܽ䷺ĳ֡
ѪǵõĹǶǺķ˾޴۵ġ
ʣµˣûϣٻĹˡ
ܹƳǿķѾˣõԼˡ
û취ڻ½ͬǿߣ׼񶼿ʮλˣʱʥҲеޱȵˡ
ϾǰܹǰʮڴҶ˷ǰһٶŲȥ
ΣԴ

ʥ档
ëոյϢѪʥʥʥʥѾ׼ʥΧռĵ̡
Ҫǲ̵Χ̸ȫݻٰҪֹǲ̷չ׳󡣡ë˵
ڹȻʥǳأǲڵĵ̫ˣǳؿװ£ٷ֮ʮĵӣʵʥܱߵĳǳڡ
ңЩǳյԴҲǲ̷չƷ
ҪǱѪȫݻˣЩӿԼʱӻʥ棬ûЩԴЩΪٶȿ϶ټ
ëԲһ㡣
ȻǾͽǸһ򾡡
ëɡ˵ǱټҶСӵļѪҲ޾塣
Ҷһ΢΢ЦǾȥǲУһἰʱϵ
ëЦƾѪЩһǷǵĶ֣үѪǲŸʥ۷弶ķҲûá
Ǿǰ˸ʥ۷壬ټҶǳļŰǡ
ëԵúš


1735 ս
սˣ
Ѫ̺ͲҪƴ𣿡
֣ѵͲܾˣȻ̼˱𣿡

Ѫ̳ʥˣϢס
ΪǹʥоŸֱǵجǵķÿȫˡ
ٶλʥȻҲǷѪ̲ôʥ
ڴʥʥ˾͸ˣǧˡ
ôʥ˷ڻ½Ͽգɢһǿƣ½ս߶ѹô
ʷǰĴսҲ͵ʮ칬ͻؾħһսеһƴ
ĳǳУһλþԶɢʥ˸̾
ǧʥ˰ͨʥأҲһʥˣǶʥأҲʮʥˣʥغ֮Ĳࡣ
ڻ½̣ǾԵİҲµﵽ̶ȣ˲̺ʮ칬
ʮ칬ǰǿʥأͬʱǻ½ʱһλ׼񣬲ӵСתһ
Ҷǳǻ½ʱһţҲӵСתһ
˵ľ޷ƣҲǴ̡
Ѫ̵Ĵ룬ºѶɹѹˡ
ڻ½УǻΪѪ̸ǿһЩϾѪѾ׼ˣһѧˡתһӵоŸʥ۷弶ķ
ߣѪ̱Ͼ˵ʥ۷塢׼ǿսʥսҲѪ̸ǿһЩ
Ͼ㲹ӵġתһǲ̲żʥˣ
Щ¶ʥˣҲëɷǡС塢ʱ
Щ˼㶼оŸҲˣѪγǧʥ˱ֱǲһ
˶֪β̾㲻ȫ𣬿Ҳ˵̵λʥ֮вҳ

ңңŲ̵ķǳһĨƻЦݣǧʥ˰Ѫˣ˵𶼻ή٣ٺ٣кϷˡ
ʮ칬Ӧ̡Ԩ̡Ҳڰעһս

ҲڹעⳡʢĶԾ
ǲ̵ѣβҪ𣿡վڴ֮УϷ˵
ԱߵĲߵοɲСС֣ѪǼһģΪʲôҪ֣Ƕܾˣֻкôûл˵ȲʵˣҶǳСӾͻٶóתһǽס
ܲˬΪϴʺҶǳ׵ġתһһͱ
Ҳʥ۷弶ǿˣֻʥڡ
ġתһʱһΣһξ͸ʵļ̳ʮ߻ӡ
ϴξѾǩԼͬˣԹۣǻ½Ҳû˻ˡңһҶǳʹǣǾû취õġתһ˵
ƲԼʲô˺ٵģΨʵ㣬ֻҪʵʼǿҪںô
ҡҡͷԵֻҶǳšתһѾٰѡתһǣҲûˡԣҪõתһǾֻվҶǳߣọ̀ҽγ̡
Цòܹ̾õתһҲΪҶǳôɵģѪ̴ʱٱתһʱˡתһǻ½һ
ЦҶǳ֪ҶǳʲôʵϴκͱһսչֳȼʥֻҪʥڣƾʥķѪȥκβô
ߵѵһӶʥ治𣿡
ҡͷ֪ҶǳŶ𣿲ʮ꣬һ󡣵ǣȴѾʥˡڴ֮ǰ˭Ϊܹʥڸ˵ٽ˰ɣһﵽ׼ĵز¾棬Ҳκβˡ
Цһҡͷ׼񼶱ܣóôʥ׼񼶱㵱תתҲӵ׼񼶱
ҾʲôҶǳϣпܵġЩ꣬漣𣿴֪ռ֮ʱ;ܳʥأľﵽ˵߲ΣﵽʥΪҲﵽʥڣھǳҲˡ
ԳĬˣȷϸһ£ЩҶǳ漣̫ˡ
ĻҶǳҲᱻΪ½һˡ


1736 ѩ̿
ʥ档
ëǰЦݵϲ̤ʥ۷徳磬ֻǲ֪Ϊ£
ǰëСˣȻëڻ½Ǻܴ󣬵ȻΪ̵ѣȻԲ˽⡣
֪ëǲ̳Ҷǳ֮ȨˣҶǳʱѲ̵Ľ֮λøë
ɴ˿ɼëҶǳеĵλ
ԣ̣ëӴûиеκεĲ
ǰëǴʵͣΪ̵ѣȻҪѪ̹̣Ҳ̡
ëüͷһԹѩ̿鲼Ϊ󣬵мܹѩ̿
½û˾ǲ̿ԵסѪ̣ʱ˭ҺͲ̳ϹϵѪ̱
㲻£ҲûҪѪ̶ϣǴ¿Եȵ̺Ѫһս֮ٿ¡
ʱǾ²̣߸ֶԸѪ̣ڲ֮أ֮
Ȼûôѩ̿ԸһӦսѪ̡
ò˵ë֮⡣
һʱ䣬ëоȲѣƬ̣ЦŶ˵Ҵ̸л⣬תʣǲųࡣ
˵ͷЦԸǵ㣡
ë΢ЦŽˣ漴󣬽ǵ̸Ҷһ
ҶһҲЩȣȻĹϵһܲѪ̿Ǹƽƽǿ̣ѹûһԸѪ̡
ëһҪǲ̣ҲԵǸѪƴһ֮ٳҲ٣ϾһʧҲСһЩ
һǽһѩ̿ʣѡѩ̿
ҶһεĶ飬ǲ̵üסɣȴս֮󣬿Խתһǰô
ġתһǲٴȥֻҪģǵǿԴһ¡
ϾֻҪġתһǾͲΪƼȷİȫ
һӦò½̫Ļҡ
ëԵͷţϾǱѾǰġתһѪˡȻǵѣôǰҲǱģԺ˭Ҹǲ̽ˣ
ҶһЦȻԸ֣ξͺðˣŪã˵ǲ̵һԵ
ë۾һƺҶһ˼Ц˵ĶԣѪʥô࣬ȫԽǷ²Ȼǲ̵ʵ
ҶһѪ̵ķ˵׼񾳽ѾܽˣñΪҲ̤ʥ۷壬ʱܹٶƳ׼񼶱ķô½Ҳûǲ̵Ķˡ
ëͷǾʳ֣оŸʥ۷弶ķһɲݺӵ
ȥ˵˵ñҲ֣ѪûзӦ֮ǰȷ²һѪ̵ʥˡҶһ˵ձʧˡ

ؾ
ף
ǧֿŻ½ʥķ΢΢һ¶һĨȺ֮ɫ
ȻսܣϾǴʵǿޱȣһսܣһ߹۲½
Ĺ۲Уʱһʥ˸ʥķ򣬿Щ⡣
ǧʥˣʥ۷ĶоŸʥٸⷽ棬Ҳڶˡ
ҪʲôʥǸ𣿡
ǧ¶Ȥɫ
ȻΪܹԸʥǹϾʥǹղ̨ڣⷽԱ㹻ˡ
ȻҶͬĵˣǻԺһ
ǧֿѪʥˣʧˣȥϵǣһ
˵ܽ½ǾҪԸʥǹ
ҲսܵĿġ
ǣܹһѪ̣ǻܹץסղ̨µļʡ
뵽ǧֵƳһʥ˼սܽ½
׼񼶱սҪһƳɹʥ˼սܣƬ̾ƳɹϾȼ̫ˡ
ον½ΪϵѪ̵ģȥܵģʥ˼ս㹻ˡ


1737 
ʥ档
Ҷǳϥʱٴ֮Уһǧת˲ţûжٸо
磬˵һǧˣȥһ꣬Ҳûٸо
֮Уֻоȥһ˲ѣʱ˵Ѿû̫Ӱ졣
ҶǳĿƽؿǰҶһԷķڿҶһʱѾ֪ҶһһУҪҶһٶ˵
ʵд
Ҷǳ֪ʼĩɵЦһ˵ôӴһڲ϶Ը⽻ǵˣȻҲвԸ⽻ǵˣΪǸӶǸ
λҶǳɲΪԸ֣Ϊ֮ѹϵǼֱǿЦ
˵Ψһ
ʾѩ̿棬Ż
νѹϵֻǿͷ˵˵ѣ˴Э飬Ҳʱ˺顣
Ȼ֮⣬ʿ¾Ǳܴ󣬶Щİˡ
ϾҶǳչֳǿսټġתһδɾͲ
ֻȷѡˡ
ȻȷѡҶǳȻҪʾԺ˭ҽǲ̣
ǰҶһҶǳ˵ͷ˵תһǰĹԽⳡս֮Էб䡣
ҲʺһΣԻսٽתһǰĹա
ҶһԵ˵ͷë뷨һ
ʣµĽ簲ŰɣѪ̴ʱһԳ֣÷Ҳ׼һ£ðղ̨Ҳǲ̵ǿһ֣Ѫ̷Ӧʱ²һЩʥǿߡҶǳ˵
Ҷһͷתȥ
һѪʥôܹ࣬ץһЩɻǲʵ
Ͼǲ̿ġתһܹ²Ѫ̵ʥʵ
Ҳ֪Ѫôģѵ֪ڸǿʵ
ʵѪҲ뵽һ㣬Ϊб¿Է²Ѫ̵ʥˣ浱ľŸʥ۷ǿߵķǰ谡
Уôʥֳʥ۷ǿҲҪ˱ᡣ
ˣҲ仯
һǧʥСʥˣٶʥֵĻԿӲʥ۷ǿߡ
ѪΪôǿᱻ̷²ǵѪ
Ǻǣûʥ۷徳磬Ѫ͸ˣҪлһѪ
ҶǳѪ̵ķ򣬲ɵЦһ
Ȼﵽ׼񾳽磬ǱΪʥڣѪ̵ķ²ʥ۷壬׼񾳽硣
ûٸߵȼ޷ڻ½ˡ
ֻﵽ񾳽磬ǰΪ
ղ̨µ˵ҲǴҪ񾳽磬µҪСҶǳ뵽

½ϿգǧѪʥ˳Ų̵ķǺƺƵû˿أ֮սս
ͬһʱ䣬֮УʮǿӰԼϢǧʥ֮Уѱ˷֡
ʮˣоŸѪķһǱʵķ
˿̣Ѫķ΢Щǵʻ𣿡
ҡͷܣ֮սɵ˲Ż֡˵֣ҲǳֵĺʱҪȵܾ˺󣬿پվһߡ
ѪƳ˱һۣһ飬Ҳףõѡ񣬻Ҳô
أҲ˰ɡ
ѪǸ϶ɵóǰͷ̡

ʥ渽˿Ѿвǿǲ׼սˣϻ½ʥˣ඼ˡ
һЩԶս
ȻЩ˿ɲתһǴ󲿷ĶֻǼ򵥵ķûжʵֻܵ۾սˡ
˼񾵣ӳʥ渽ƬգͶŵϹ˹ۿֱֱ
ò˵Ѫ̺ͲһսĿ
ϾԴϴʮ칬ħͬھ󣬻½Ѿܾûзôƴʥսˡ
ûһߣԸ־ʵս
ڣ˵Ҷܹȹһ𣿡ʥ渽֮УսʥԪ俴Զʥ棬Աߵսʥʵ
սʥ۾ʥķҡҡͷ̾ҶѾԶԶԽΣǵսѾܹ̽ˡȻѪ㳲²Եֵվ̣۵ȻȲϳưԻ½µѪ̡һս֮󣬾㲹ܹҲʧء


1738 ̹ս
ʥ渽ʥǰսоҶǳˡ
˺Ԫսʥ֮⣬Ҷǳĺ𣬻Ƕˡ
ԶǧѪʥˣǵ֪Ҷֻܲܶɹѹء
ΣʵȻͣѾﵽ˹ʥ磬ȴҲﲻҶǳ
ΪһΣǲսʥǿߣҪʮλһʥܹıʲôġ
İɣҶַʥ۷սټʥֵ㲻УҲԱһ˵
ϣ˰ɡģҶǳῴʥ渽Ĳ̷ֲ٣һս϶ܲҡ
䣡
ڴʱһӰ˺գһ޴ĳǳǰ
ʱѪͬһƬѪǶ
Ѫһսʥˣϳ˴ˣϾѪûڸԼϢݡ
ҶǳɣѾӦڴ˵Ϣˡ
Ѫǰľ޴ǳأ˵
˶һǶΪҶǳʥ棬ȴû뵽Ҷǳǰǳڡ
ݣ
ѪĻ£ҶһӰվڳǳϿգ۶ŶѪ
Ѫ۾һУмһ߷𣿡
㲻ҲǷҶһߵ
ѪһЦ漴˻֣ʱܱ߾ͳ˰˸һģһӰɢʥ۷ǿϢ
Ҷһɫ΢䣬ȻѪľŸˡ
ǰԾҶǳѪЦоŸأ
ҶһһҶҶҶġҶ塢ҶˣмȻأѪ̶ܲĳû취ء
ҪصģǰЩˣϾǶǧŽʥ۷壬˲ɹ˭Ҳ뵽ǻﵽʥ۷徳硣
ǲҶǳĵƣؼʱ̳֣Ѫ̴ͷ

ѪǰҶһˣɫû˿仯Ц̾ҶǳȻǵˣҲò㣬ƾһ֮˵̡Ѫ̣ĵ̻̫ˣǲӡ
Ѫ鱨飬ԣ֪Ҷǳǿң׼
ٷϻһսɣҶһһʱϲ񷡣
ѪľŸҲ𣬲ʺڻ½սƻ̫ǿˡ
ңѪ˵ɱҶǳҪ飬Ƿٵ̣⡣
ֻҪɱҶǳôҲͲֵһˣһǿʥضѣʱԽ
ݣ
ڲ֮ϣѪľŸҶһȫΧˡ
֣ҲɣѪʱ˵
Ҷһ۾һУŲԶȻѿһռ϶һϤӰȻ˳Ǳʡ
ҶǳϴȥǱɱǱһλʥұһ߷ʿҶһ˵
ҶһɫĮ˵Ȼˣ߷Ҳ°ɡ
ɫ΢䣬漴˵ãܹ߷Ҳʵұ֤𲻻ұ𡣡
䡭
Ҷһøϻý˲併٣Ѫͱסˡ
ʵѪͱʶһӦԣ˿ܵýĿֲҲǷǳ𺳡
󣡡ѪȻȵ
һ̣ѪľŸÿһ𣬻;޴飬Ҷһɱ
̹ս󣡡Ҷһͫһ
ѪЦҶǳû뵽ɣ̹񴴳ĳս󣬵ʥصάʥƾս󣬾Ӳʥĸ֣ʥ֮սͱѪ̵õˡ
䣡
˿̣̹žˣֳ־޸Ҷһ˺ݺ£·ն档
һԵıʿüͷһ𾪲ѣ̹ž˵ʵȻȲ׼񣬵ҲԽʥ۷һء
ԭʥرţѪڱıȻ
ѪЦʱֻʮ칬Ҹû̹սϾҪͨʵһ˲ʩչܹҵˣû뵽зˣųսȻҲܹˡ
䣡䣡
ڴ˿̣ǿϢͻȻ
ֻǰҶһˣҲϳ̹žˣӭѪ̹žɱ
ʲôʵɴ۾𾪡
ѪҲ˼صɴ۾ŵôҲ̹ս󣡡
ͻˣҶһߵ
¡¡
̹ž˶ʱսһ𣬴ѡ
Ѫû뵽ҶǳȻҲ̹սԭƶʱûˣɵõԱߵıһۣŭ֣
һһȭɱ˹
Ѫ̹žΧŹҶǳ̹žˣټϱһЭҶǳҲǿŻýǿסˡ


1739 ץ
Ȼʥص̹ս󣡡
û뵽ʥص̹սȻˡ
ѪҶǳȻ̹ս󣡡
Ҳˣһ߷

ѪҶһǴսʱĻ½ʥҲڹս
ѪҶһʩչ̹սʵס˲ˡ
һЩʡķԾѣҲ
ȻڴҶоŸʥķ̹սѪԱǸǿһЩ
ԭʥǱѪģߣ֮Уɫʥؿʮ칬Сܣ̹ս󶼴ˡ
ŹͬĵˣҲֻʱˡ
ѪҧгݣݺݵعѪһۡ
ˣȽҶǳٺúı¡
֮ϡ
սɽסˡ
ѪȻռƣҶǳĻýǳǿ˫˭Ҳκβ˭
ѪʵҷԸˣ˵ұˡҶһŶѪ
ѪҶһɫҶǳ̫ˣȻκβ㣬Щͽͽûʵ
˵꣬ѪǣǶ֡
ʱ·ǧѪʥˣŲϯ
ɱǲ̵ߣȫɱ⣡
ǧʥ˺ƺƵطͬһϯڳǳص󷨹ĻϣǿĻ˲ͱˡ
һʥ۷ǿߣҲ޷ֵǧʥ˵ֹ
Ѿʱˡ
ˣ
սʥˣȫ̾˿
ôʥ˵Ĺ£ôֵ
̲żʥˣ
˫Ĳ඼̫ˡ
ˣɱȥȡ
ʱһȺʥɱȥ
ţûˣȥѪʥ˶ʱһ㶣Ϊǰ޳ڣȻһˡ
Ŷǿһˣǽмˡ
ֻԶɵһЦؿǡ
ץһë
ɵ˶ʱһǿϢΧնŤˡ
ʲôһǰӣ˿̿ǵϢʱ𾪵Ĳš
ʥ۷壬ôôʥ۷壿𺳡
ɱɼһӣǰһʥȥ
¡¡ҡΣ죬Щʥ˸ˡ
һ˲䣬סϰλʥˣǷ²ˡ
Ƥֱ𾪵ʥ۷壬ôǿʥҵʥǿˣ׼
ȻǿǴղ̨Ҫ׼һǳɳ͵ģŰɳҲΪ
ɱ
ӡﳤշ򸾡ѩΪȵȣҲ׷׳֣һ²Ѫʥˡ
ôգ֮䣬ǵλѪʥˣȫץһûзŹ
һ
ôôʥ۷ǿߣ
󷽵ĵ־ŭ
ȻѪǧʥˣһʧٶʥˣʧҲǳء
ҪǣЩʥ˶̵ǿ߸׽ˣ֪ġתһⲻ˲̵ʵ
һһѪ̵Ĵ̫ˡ
ӣȫɢӣӦҲܿ죬ѪԸ
ΪǳͻȻ߰λʥ۷壬ǿԿġ
Ȼ˶ڣԸһʥ۷廹УԸ߰λͲˡ
ңôʥ۷ǿߣҲ޷ˡ
ο˭֪߰˸ʥ۷ǷзһֻһҲǳֲˡ
Ҷǳ
֮ϣѪҲעս̺Ȼôʥ۷ǿߣҲŵ𾪲ѡ
ôôʥ۷壿ѪЩŵؿŶҶһ
Ҫ֪Ѫ̵ĵ̣Ҳֻһʥ۷ѡ
ʥ۷ֲǴײˣҪپͶ١
ġתһС
̾ġתһû㹻ĵ̣ͳ߰λʥ۷壿
ߣһ𣿡Ҷһһ
Ѫ÷ŭޱȣȻ壬̹ž˻ΪŸ·ȥ
ҷɢӣӲԱҲ˲̡Ѫһ߳һߴ
ѾɱҶǳˣǲҶǳ²Щʥˣ̵ʵ
Ѫóļʥ۷嶼Ǳ˵̻ûҪЩʥ۷嶼Ÿǲ̹ʥ۷嶼нλˣǻô


1740 
ӣӵ𣿡ҶһųȥѪɵЦһ
䣡䣡䡱
ΧͻȻʮ˸ǿӰÿһɢʥ۷ĿֲϢ֣ⷽضˡ
Ѫʱһ£漴ҧгݵصǰӰʣ
ʺķһʮ˸
ʮ˸ʥ۷ǿַ߳գѪķͱʵķһʱѽơ
ѪȻˣǾͱˡãŸҽʥ۷徳硣
ҶһЦ
Ѫʣŭʣ׼Ѫ̿ս
벹ѣ˭Ը̣ս˵½
·ĹսߣѾһƬ𺳡
˶֪ѪˣͲǶֶ֣һǿ⻹ô
úúãѪŭЦû뵽ʻô˵վڲߣͱʡ֣Էûôˣ˱˰
ҶǳҪ²⼸ΰɣҾԱҲõЩѪ漴ؿһҶһٶ̹žˣٽʺɱȥ
ԱԱҪǷܹȥսʱԱҲ١
ѪҶǳа취ֹԱϾʥ۷ǿҪԱ׼Ҳס
ղ̨泤ϣæ
ʱµĳǳڣӰվһˣҶǳһҶǳ
һˣղ̨¡
Ų֮ϵĴսղ̨һŵ˵ͷİɣʥ۷壬ûǰԱ
˵գղ̨±óһžŲ񹭣Ҵʮ֧ɫ׼֮ϵѪͱʡ
ǿռӡ֮ڵʵҪӡʥ۷廹ѡֻҪǣҾһٽǷӡסղ̨˵
Ҷǳʱϲɫû⣡
ڵʵȫаջѪǡ
οʺʮ˸Լء
ҶǳڵȴᣬҪԼʡǾѪķ
ݣ
Ҷǳ˲֮ϡ
ѪҲע⵽ͻȻҶǳһ۾ͿҶǳı𣬶ʱҶǳˣ֣

ָƨ
֮УѪĴ
ʡҶǳʮʥ۷ֳҲܻɱʮλʥ۷ǿߡ
ɶ񣡡Ѫػɵðһѡ
˼Ҳ̺ϵĶãôԼĶѣѪ۰
ҶǳҾԱҲǣ
ΧŹѾ˵ѪҲȥϣ޺޵صһҶǳ׼Աˡ
ɣҶǳ˷ʱ䣬ֱӼһиգγһƬڰԨѪļɽȥˡ
ۡѪķԱشѪʵǾ߷Ҳһ˲ء
ȻؿŶֳҶǳŵصɴ۾

ôܣô
ʺѪˡ
Ǿˡ
սҲˡ
֮еһ¡
СӾȻҲҿûг֣֣˭κε
Ц½׼֣Ҳӽʥ棬˭Ҳκβ
֪Ҷǳǿټ֣ʥ漸޵еġ
ԣ̤񾳽磬½Ѿû˿κεҶǳ
һİ
˼飡
ʺҲһ𾪡
ͬʱиеޱңվˡ
ֵҶǳټġתһԼ·ļʥ۷ǿߣʵѾȫˣǿһЩ
Ա
Ѫ֮æԱʴ𣬽׼Աˡ
ɾڴʱղ̨µʮ֧ɫռӡ֮Ѿˣʮɫæ̫ˣ˲ͽѪͱʸˡ
ʱѪľŸбʵһȫסˣϵı鶼ˣ·һ˲˽ֹ״̬
ãҶǳôϲʮʥ۷尡㹻ʥ۷徳ˣƳʥ۷弶ķ
ҶǳԸҶһǱæ֣Ѫʵķ
ʺһԿͷƤ飬ǿʮʥ۷ǿߣȻıҶǳ²ˡ
˲ɵõͷڵղ̨£ŷ֣̾Ȼһλİʥ۷ǿߡ
ңղٶȣҲ㲻
̲ǣ
ʺһۣ˰˵ͷ


1741 ջ
Ѫͱʵķ²һսĻˡ
ս˶ˣ˭Ҳû뵽̻ӮӮôɾ䡣
ǰǵĳ֣Ҷǳ𺳲ѡ
ʱףʼնС˲̡
̵ʵѾ֮ˡ
Ͼ̣⣬˭λʥ۷ǿߣ
ġתһû㹻Ҳ޷µһλʥ۷ǿߣϾǿķѵ̫Ӵˡ
ʣζлǰæˣǡתһǰ㡣ҶǳóһŹʡ
ʽ˹ϲɫЦлҶˣͲѣԵˡ
תһǰ㣬ٿİ̫ˡ
Ѫγļǧʥ˾֪ˣѪ̿ûôʥˣǿšתһǰ㣬ӵôʥ˵ġ
ʥԺ÷սˣҲʲôʧ
ʮ칬ûӦвء
ʺܸˣԼѡˡ
ͱʺ֮ҶǳȥͰǻˡ
ôץ˶ʥˣҶǳǰļѯʵ
ë˶ܸˣȻջܴ
˵ʦһץ߰ʮѪ̵ʥˣʥʥʥھŸʥʮ˸ʥʮ߸Сʥİٶʮ
ҶǳЦݵص˵ͷ˵ܹץ߰ٶʥѾܲˣϾЩʥ˷ɢӣѽץҲͻȻѪһֲ
ٺ٣Ƿһ˾ץٶʥˣֻܸ֡ѩЦ
ǫǿ׼ʥ֮£һͻԣץҲɺܶࡣ
ҶǳŰеĹӴӣ̾׼Ǳܴ󣬽ɳΪҲǿҪúȡӳǿ
ǣʦ𣡡ɵ˵ͷ
һԵղ̨²˭أҲʦ𣡻УβҰæץЩʥ۷壿һ仰ǶҶǳ˵ġ
ҶǳͰһۣԿЦ
ղ̨µĹ͵ȷܴ󣬱Ͼʮʥ۷ɱ߰ٶʥ˵ļֵˡ
ˣȻȥɣҶСҲЩѪ̵ʥ˽ʥ۷徳磡ëæڣ˵Ρ
һ漴ʥ档
ǳأҪˡ
Ŀһս˭ǲ̣
̣ԲҲҪ˱ᡣ
ˣû뵽ǲӮˣǳϰԶսսʥ
ԱߵĺԪЦ˵ҾúΪҶЩһֱڴ漣Ϊܡ
սʥЦȷЩҶǳ漣ʵ̫ˣǶѾľˡ
촫ҶǳϢҲû˻òˡ
ҶֶɹһأԺû˿вǲˣû뵽αʾȻ֡üͷ˵ףҲڱʣ治ϣʺͲΪУ
ãֻһ˵ΪϴεһսϣԺ󲻻д°ɡ
һйս˷׷ȥһսϢҲ֮½ʱ𺳲ѡ
̣Ȼǿ
ҶǳȻһ
һж̫ˡ

֮һӰڳǳزԶңңʥķ֮ɫղ̨ѾͷȻѾˣղ̨ѪҲӦ
ղ̨³ֵʱϢǧ̫Ϥˡ
Ͼղ̨Ǳ˺ܾãղ̨˷ǳ˽⡣
Ǻǿһǿѣⷽ漸޵ˡ
ǧֵԺиֳҶǳӰнʮʥ۷ǿߣղ̨£ⷽ޵ˡ
Ѫ̵ǸǺȻоŸʵʥ۷ķ
ǸҲУҲУⷽĺܹ𣿡
ǧһʧˡ
Ҫú̽Ѱһⷽ档
ν֪֪ˣܰսʤ
ǧѾһץղ̨µĻᣬһΣԵøӽˡ
Ҫô֣Ҫôһ֣Ǿһʧ
ղѾ̽ղ̨ˣڵղ̨²ʥ۷壬Ϊ磬˵Ҳǧꡣ
㹻ʱı


1742 Ի
̽ⷽǧ˵ǳ򵥣ץһλ϶ȡ˻磬˽һС
йҶǳ¼̵ʮ칬ȵȣСתһǿķȫ˽ˡ
û뵽СӾȻռһţڻҲˡԴ̫֮ռ֮Ѿ·ĿܶûС
ǧЦһûаҶǳսƳɹ׾پܽնɱ
Ͼսܶ׼񾳽磬ʮ׼ⷽ˭ֵܵ
οЩս˭ֵܵʮӵ׼񾳽սܣ
ǧмɵҲֻղ̨°ˣѾͷղ̨飬ղ̨λ񾳽峤϶һЩǿĻ
ԣΪܹɹץղ̨£ǧҪ׼һЩоһѪ̡
ѪȻʵǱϾǱҸ˽ⷽ棬Ҳ˽ⲹ̡
ңѪ̽ѪҲһλ׼㹻Ÿ׼񼶱ķ
ǧĿһٴʧˡ

Ѫ̡
Ѫɫվڸ߿У˷һǱӻʥˣԽԽ
Զһ߷˻æѪʧ߰ٶʥˣʥڡ
˵ˡѪ˰֣ЩʧԼ̲סȥ̱𣬵֪
Ȳ˵ڣǲڵʵͱѪǿ
Ѫ˼ҶǳҲѪֻһʥ۷壬˼Ҷʮʥ۷ˡ
һľŸʥ۷ͱʵһҶǳ²ˣǻٶʮʥ۷ǿߵġ
Ѫô˼Ҷ
Һް
ѪͻȻҧгݣȭͷŭضʥķ˻СӦòϧһдۣӲӦóƴŵҲҪӣ
ԱߵĵһĬ֪ʵܹѪΪѪѾܸ߿ҶǳˣγʥΧɱҶǳںܶ˿ǴСˡ
ˣѪҲʧˡ
Ҫ
ǲܣ
Ϸ³֪׶ãϾ̫ˡ
Ѫ̻ܼ棬ҶǳҲκβǡ
ʧȥǵ³ͻϷһ
ֻ˵Ҷǳĳɳٶ̫ˣԽ½ʷκһţѪҲǵùҲţͶԷ˳
뵱Ϊ˼ʥĵӾ͸Էǲǰ
˭뵽Ҷǳĳɾͻôء
ٻʥˡ
ȻѪ·ʧȥͳԺҪȥǲˣȻκβǣڣҶǳǿҲκβѪ̡
ʱҲֻˣϣҶǳСӸȥɡε
Ѫ˵ͷҲֻҶǳ磬Ǿͻһɽ
ռ֮ҶǳǷܹ
Ѿûһ˿ˡ
ڴ漣Ҷǳϣѹûʲôܡ
һλǧֵСʥҪѪ͵׼뿪ʱһλѪ̵Ĵʥæǰ
Ѫû˿Ӧתȥ
ܲã˭οֻһСʥ
ΪѪ˭һСʥܼ
ĿѪȥ漴ʵǧ֣Щİĸʥأɢޣ
Ѫ̵ĴʥԣɫЩŹֵ˵˵Ի磡
磿һ㶣漴ŭЦ浱Ѫʲô˶ЦѪһСʥԻ磬ô˵̫۰
˵꣬ǰĴʥ˵ַҲһжûȥ
ǣѪ̵Ĵʥص˵ͷ漴æȥ
ҡҡͷΪѪ̴̱ˣʧأʧĶǷʵ˵ףҲֻʧһЩѣûѪ˽ǡò˵⡶תһǺöϧѪû棬ǾͲˡ
˵꣬׼תȥȴղʥֻˡ
ʱɫɱ˾ɱˣˡʥӡ̫ãһС飬Ҳ
͸һ˵֤ݡѪ̵Ĵʥ˵
ŭЦһСʥǴײ𣿻ˣôֱӳ񰡡
û˵꣬ʹסˡ
ΪǰѪ̴ʥóһǹǿϢʱѪ̡



1743 
⡭
һ˲Ѫ̵ĴʥǰеץС
Ѫ̵ʥλܸߣȻӴѪ̵
ԣһ۾ϳһǿϢϣѪ̵ĶǿһЩ
Ȼһ
еоЩ˼飬Լǲþˡ
ڻ½˭ɵ˻͸ˣ
ѵԻ磿
䣡
ڴʱѪڱһǿϢ
ͷֻѪֳȵ˭ҷѪ̣ΪѪ𣿡
ӦϢΪǵ˹
е󣬶ʱͫһԵЩš
㡭ôѪ𾪵ؿŵ
ЦղǸǧֵСʥ͵ģ˵Ի硣
ʲôѪ𾪡
һоǲţϾ½ûٹһ񣬶޷ٻˣҲ֪ʲôԭ
ŵеֲòš
Ͼǻǿߣ˭һˣ
ߣȥˣѪһѹסе𾪣һ˵ţһ߶ԱߵѪ̴ʥ˵鲻Ҫȥ
ǣѪ̵Ĵʥ˵ͷ漴ȥ
Ѫ͵һۣɽȥ
Իɣ
ģȻ˭ɵ͸һѪʵ֮ǰʧʲôˡѪЩ˷ܵ˵
˵ͷ֮ǰʧЩֱֵһᡣ
һԵ춨һ̵ĵ̣
û֮ǰ׼ˣҪ
ʮ칬ܸƽƽˡ
鼤ûʧȥ磬ԷҲֻǣԷԻ磬ʲôҪǵģ
֪Ѫҡҡͷô֪
ô˵ԷȻ͸һǾѷǵУ˵ǻһ»ʦүʲô
ԶʱѣҪܹϵʦүʲô
˼طɳѪɽţʱͿһλСʥվһɽϣǡ
Ѫ͵ʱͫһȻСʥȴӦԷϢ
Էվǰȴû˿Ϣһ
Ѫ͵һۣ˸ȷԻˡ
£̬ŵĺܵͣæѪݼǰ
ǧת˵Ϊ֪Ѫ֮ˡ
ѪǧЦʵɣ
Ѫæ˵ǰʦүҪ֣Ҳ⡣ǰΪҪǰʲôԸܹһȫԸ
ǧ°ϵĺӣЦǸˣҪǺ
Ѫæ˵ǰ˵Цˣʸǰǰʲô飬뾡ܷԸ
ǧֵ˵ͷѪ̬Ⱥ⣬˱˵ǰֻƵһսܣҵıڻؾΪ޷档ԣЩ飬ҪǴһ¡
Ѫ͵ľû뵽λڻؾǹİ
Էܽⷽ棬˿
Ͼ˭ͷѹһҲܰ
棬ʵΪץһСѾͷھͶڲ̣Ӿǡ
ǧ˵գӻ֣۳ղ̨µӡ

Ѫղ̨£ʱ˳ϾǴŮ֣Ҷǳ²Լķ
ղ̨£ҲԻ磬ҶǳǼ͵ġʧܣҲΪǧ˵
ѪʱȻ
ѹֲ̻ͻȻôǿ˺üʥ۷ǿߣһ
ԭлǿ߰
ҶǳСǺô

Ѫǰǧ֣мѣڣѪҲһǿ߰ˡ
£ѪǰҲץŮ֮ǰҲˣѪ̸ǲ̵Ķ֡ڶһҲκβǡ
ǧ΢ЦģȻǳ֣Ȼǿǵʵղֻ֮һˡ
Ѫ͵ԣʱмޱȣ˶εؿǧ֡
ǧЦ˵ҴˣǸתһǳܹ۳׼񾳽ķδؾͲܶԸ̡


1744 ʥ۷
ǧֵĻѪЦǰ֪۷Ҫܶ׼񼶱ķĹѪ̵ĴأҲܹ𡣡
Ѫ̵ĴأҲ޵ġ
֮ǰʧô
ûϵѣңҲ԰ṩ
ǧְ˰֣һŵ˵Ȼұ岻ܽⷽ棬ֻҪȥؾҾͿ԰ҵ㣬Ҫж١
߽״ʵóһЩ㹻ѪƳ׼񼶱ķˣѪûϵ
ĻаǰץסǸղ̨¡Ѫһ˵˵
˾Ÿ׼񼶱ķټıֳⷽ滹˭Ķ֣
ѪмޱȰ


ʥ档
̵һ˻֪ΣȻٽ˿̣ʥһƬ졣
һսǲӮˣüվڻ½۷塣
Ժ˭Сǲ̣
̣ӳ϶ڻ
ʱٴ֮УҶǳıѾѪ̵ʥǿߣɹƳʥڵķ
Ŵۣʼžźһʥ۷徳硣
ǶһԿš
ҶСڴﵽʥ۷徳磬ﵽ׼񾳽磬ѪǾŸӵоŸ׼ǿˡëһ
һɹǲ̵ʵﵽ۷塣
ʱҶǳһ˾͵ֵʮ׼ټһ˭ܿ⣿
˵ǲ̻нʮλʥ۷ǿߡ
Աߵİ˵ʣһʵķҪʦ㽫̤ʥ۷徳硣
ңëһ㶣漴ҡͷʥʵ㹻ˣûҪٵʥ۷壬ʣҲɲҲ˷ѣȥƳһ߷ɡ
ҡͷղ̨˵ˣҵΪѾȹˣҽ׼񾳽磬Ҫ˶ãҾҪ뿪ⷽˣҪҲûá
˵ҶСӾҲˣ뿪֪ʱëһ̾Ϣ
ϴҶǳֱҶǳܻȥǡ
һΣ¾Ͳˡ
ëҲղ̨֪˻һΪ񣬾û취ٽⷽˣܵų⡣
ң֮󣬻ᱻ漴͵磬˭֪Ҷǳǻᱻ͵
˵ޱߣ˭֪ⷽλڻʲôλã
ղ̨£ҲǱʱշ籩ģ֪ʲôλá
ҶǳʱʵҲ·
磬ɣǲȱһʥ۷塣Ҷǳ˿Ѿʥ۷徳磬ëЦ˵
Ҳ֪Լ뿪½ܽˣ֮ǰȻϣëܹʵԼҲܹߵİһЩ
ðɣëûмƴǣ֪ҶǳͰߺⲹ̻ƹܣһЩʵҲбҪġ
Ҫɵģû뵽ôãƿܻҶǳ֮ǰ磬Ȼ޷Ʋ̡
ʣµ˵УҶǳεëëо飬Ͼһֱƹ̣ܲҶǳ˦ƹ
ѩǣҲֶֻܵѣṇ̀ܲá
Ҫչأ̾ͽˡҶǳë˵һ䣬ʱչˣҪ׼񾳽硣
ëȥ

Ѫ̡
Ѫںͨ
Ǻһ£аնԸҶǳѪû˵꣬ͱˡ
˵Ҷǳչֳûס𣿶Ը̣ҿ˰ɡ
ʶ̵ʵѾ׷ˡ
ѪѾˣȻǲ̡
ɲԸһ档
ܿ죬ֱӹҶͨѶ
ѪǰرյĻͨɫޱȣ޺޵쵰ֱҶǳСӸƵˡ
һԵĵȻҾûҪѣֻҪǧǰ۾Ÿ׼񾳽ķһ˾ܶԸ̣òæ෴õһĻԵԺǾһ¶ˡ
ѪĿһ˼ʵҲҪеġתһܹȡġתһôһЩôҲֵõġ
Բ˵ˣҲҪõġתһΪһҲл̤ʥ۷壬׼񾳽磬һѵõĻᡣ
ߣȥǧǰô˵Ѫ漴תȥ
ǧǾʥսܣھסѪ̡


1745 
Ѫ̴дڣǧֹۿѪ̵Ĵб䡶Ѫ񱦵䡷ѪʦүĹҲѪ̵
ȻǧǴ񣬲šѪ񱦵䡷ҲĹҲһЩȡ֮
ȻİСֻ˵ǲһ±˵˼·ԼĹˡ
Ѫ̵ʦүڷʱ򣬹ֻһڵΪ
ˡѪ񱦵䡷ǧֲɵҡҡͷ
ŹѪʦүʱʵ
һ״ڣֱǻ͵Ϊ
ЩɵҲ֪Ϊһ״ڵΪһȥ˻磬ֱӾͱץȥˣҪڿڿһǧܻɡ
ǧֲмһЦ
ĻǷǳпģͼĴȥ˼ֱŰ
ЩߣϾʵûпɽȻǳѡ
ǰʱѪ͵ˡ
ǧַŻءѪ񱦵䡷ѪʵΣλӦ𣿡
ѪǸǰʧˣѾƵˣѾǲˡ
һ׼񣬾㵨û𣿡ǧֲ
ѪЦһûüǰøˡ
ǧЦֱңһܾܾ
Ѫоâһ
ɲϣõһϾѪӵ̺
ƣѪɲʧȥ
Ļô
ѪȻʵǰδܹΪѾһҲδؿʵʮ칬ȱı󷨣ǰܹǲһ󷨣϶Ӧ
͸һ󷨣ܱһãϾֻ޷Ҳ޷Ѫв
˵һ󷨣ʮ칬ԱԺҲõĻᱻˡ
󷨣
ǧ۾⼤䣬Ѫ̵Ļ̴
ѪǿػΪȻ͸Ӧˡ
󷨵ĹУǷǿһһ񶼺ѽơ
ǧֹ۲֮˵ͷ˵ãѶȵ󷨣һǿԲõġ
ѪԴϲ漴æȥϵ
ΣѪֱһʥ˷ȥʮ칬ˣϾͨ磬ӡ
ʮ칬ӵ׼ʵ˲͸ӦѪķ
һʲôѵ𣿡
ʮ칬һڣų˵ظѪɵüͷ
漴ֱʧˡ
ȵٴγʱѾѪǰˡ
ѪѾ˵ˣ벹̵飬㻹ʲô俴ǰѪ
Ѫǲɵˣ̵ʵڻôԸǣ
̲ԸǾõˡ
ѪԵһЦŲԶΡǣͻȻЩź˵ʮ칬Ȼʵǿ󣬵ȴһ֪ʲô𣿡
֪ѪڸʲôŪ飬ɵߵʲôô
Ѫҡͷȱ󷨣û󷨣һ̴ǲ̱ض
ЦҪҳϣʮ칬ڲǲ̵Ķ֣Ҫʮ칬ҲܣҶǳֻҪɱңҪұһڰб׼񣬻֣Ҷǳ϶ϣǲˣԣֻҪҲͲԸҡ
Ѫûзֻǵ˵ҶԸҶǳһ󷨣һŸ׼񼶱ķΣ
ҪҶԸ̣ܡʲôҪܾȻѪĻʱһŵؿѪ
ѪЦһ󷨣ʮ칬ӴǣŸ׼񼶱ķʵԽ̣һ㻹ûĸһԸ𣿡
˿Ѿ䶢Ѫ˵ֻѻΪһţѪ̻ӵƾŸ׼󷨣ֻܲãһλҲ󷨣
Ѫҡͷ㲻ùܣȻ˵ˣ϶ܹ֤ҪǲţҿԶԻģҪҶԸ⣬㻹Ҫġתһҡ
üͷѪЩɵʵܹ쵽
Ѫ˵ǲţھͶԻģΣ
ãƬ̣˵ͷ
һ󷨣ӾŸ׼񼶱ķȻԸѪԸ̡
ġתһҶǳСѾˣ͸ѪҲʲôֻҪʮ칬ǿŷľİɡ


1746 
ǰԻĵѪüͷһЩţѪȻĸҷġ
Ҫ֪ԻģԿ޷Υġ
ô˵Ѫܹ
һ󷨣Ÿ׼񾳽ķ
Щš
ҪԴԷ͸
ѪԼһ˾ˡ
ǣѪѾˣݲš
вɵó˺ģܾʲô֪ܡ
㷢ˡѪĮȻؿ˵
䶢Ѫһۣ·Ҫ͸Ѫһ˼飬²ʲôԭ
Ͼ½ǵһлǿ߽٣ôµõء
ã
վֵסջ󣬶Իģ֮㿴ѪʵڿԸ˵˵˰ɡ
һȥѪ̣Ҫ㡣ѪЦ˵
ѾˣܷˣڿԷ͸¶ǧֵĴˡ
ߣŪ飡һһѪǰѪ̡
ȻȥѪĴӪһģѪԵ޹һġ
ķҲʥ۷徳磬ٶȺܿ죬Ѫķܿ͵ִѪ̡
Ѫı𣬻ǧѾڵȴˡ
֮󣬿һѪ漴Ʋ˴ڵǧ֣¶˼֮ɫ
Ϊ˵ĴڣղڴⲢûиӦ
Ѫ͵㲻̽飬СʥȻˣ
ңСʥվλãƺݵλѪҪߣôܣ
Ѫ̣˭ݵλᳬԽѪ
ɻء
Ҹһ£λǧǰԻ磬ڿģֻǰƵһսܣǰı廹ڻؾ޷ⷽ档
ѪȻ֪ɻأæܵ
ǧҲڴЦ˵šתһƾΪӦҵõĴаɣ
ǰǧ֣𶯲ѡ
ôҲû뵽Ȼлǿ߽ٻ½
ûлѪƭΪƭˡ
ң뵽֮ǰѪĽףЩɻ󶼿Խˡ
ֻлǿߣܰһ󷨣ܹƳŸ׼񾳽ķ
һжˡ
һæݼǰǰԲšתһڻؾõһλǿߵĴУ˵ԴԺ
ԺǧЩ𾪣̶̾ǿǿ̫۱ǳ
ʲô𾪲ѡ
ԱߵѪ͵Ҳ𾪡
ǧЩڴԺѾΪȥʽħһսԺ̫֮⣬ȫû
˵꣬ǧ¶Ȥɫ˵ܹŹҿ𣿡
ⷽĹûȤģϾǿҲֻ񼶵ģûʲô
ȻǴ֮ԺǾͲһˡ
ϾԺ̫ڵǿ
ܹһλ̫ۣ书϶о֮
ǰ룡
ԣæӡһתһǧ֣ѾӦѪˣҲŹȥˡ
˵˼ǻǿߣ̰ԼĹ
Ѫ͵һԿǱ飬ѡ
ġתһһŹѪԺҲõĻûʥ۷弶ǿˡ
ңѪ̵ʵҲøǿ
е˼
ǧֽӹתһϸۿ֮ЩźҡͷŷȷҲŹƺһǿ棬ֻ£Ͼûʲôˡ
û𣿡ѪЩԾΪ֮ʹãϾȥ˻磬Ƴıʹˡ
ڿˡ
ͷǰ˵ĲŹֻ£񾳽磬ΪΨһԾû취ٷֳ
ǧ͵ؿ˵ܹ֪ΨһҲԶˣ˵ҲǾԣϻǿƳģֻѶȷǳ󡣡
лǰָ㣡
һԵѪȵؿ𾪵Ҫ𣿡
˵ʲôСֵģұǸﵽ׼񾳽磬ȻѡһѹΪἱȥ硣
ΪʲôѪһ㶣⣬лȥ磬ΪʲôҪѹΪ


1747 ֮
ѪȻȥ˻磬ǾͲڻ½ҫˣҪӵײ
ֻȥ磬ǲܼΪ޷ܾջ
ƿ׳һѪЦΪܺûڷǰ㹻ʵȥ˻磬ǻĸ졣
Ѫһһû뵽
һԵǧ͵ؿͷ˵Ĳܹڷ֮ǰһЩǷ֮ͻúܶࡣ
һɵúʵǰܹ˵˵֮𣿡
ԱߵѪ͵ԣЩĶؿǧ֣ڻ磬Ҳǳ档
ңǶлǰģܹڴ֮ǰ˽һ»磬ڶǸкô
ǧĿɨѪһۣ֪ЩһôЩ˲Լ¡
οֻǻһЩ֪飬ҲʲôܣҲҪء
գǧֵͷǰǣҰµıɡ
Ѫæ˵ǰ֮£֤ɡ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬Ҳæ˵ǰʲôԸһľɡ
ǧص˵ͷ˵ȸ˵˵Ϊȼɣʵڻ磬Ϊ͵һȼ
͵һȼҲΪŽסշǾһ״񡣶ڴ֮󣬻̫񡢻ۡ
Ѫֻ꣬оֹڻ磬СĴڡ
ֻǲ֪ǰλǧǰʲôΪ
ѪȻкܺ棬Ҳѯʡ
ֻǧּ˵˵˵֮ɣԴ̫۳Ϊۺ󣬱ǻ߹򣬵ﵽߣҪɽٲܷ硣ǰ̫֮ǰھȥˡ
̫۸Ĺ֮󣬻Ҳ͵أǷߣڷۻ֮壬ҲǷߵһԵ

˵ǧЩֻؿѪ˵ЩأաһˣǾͻΪˣ츳ģᱻ£ͺܺˡ츳ģҪץȥڿһǧ꣬һǧŻɡ
ʲô𾪡
ڿ󣿡Ѫɫѿ
ڻ½Ǿͷǰȥڿ󣬵󹤣ֱ衣
һʱ䣬ѪЩԽܡ
֮Ȼô
ô硣
ǳá
ǧֿǵӣЦû취߾ûȨ滷ⷽӼѵĶࡣԣ˵ĲһҪڷ֮ǰ㹻ʵһ״ڣһ״۷壬Ǿֲһ
۾һʵǰѵһ״۷ʵͲڿ𣿡
ǧҡͷǷڿȡǵ츳󣬻˴ȥ츳ǻ磬츳ΪʮȼֱһƷԼԽһƷġƷֻ츳ﵽƷϣŻᱻصҪڿ󡣡
Ѫʵ츳Ҫô⣬ǰܹǼ𣿡
ǧҡͷ츳Ҫ츳ʯⶫǧȻУǳǲġ
ѪһźҲ֪Լ츳Σ츳ѵҪȥڿ
ǧЦ˵ڿҲҪ͵һˣϾڿǻΣա
˵ͷ
ѪЩεؿǧ֣ǰܲҼǧһ壿
һҲЩεؿǧ֡
Ȼܹλǿ߸ùϵǵǷ֮ǲǾͲҪڿˣ
ǧֿѪҡͷǲҪҵעˣһ֮Ǳ͵أҸû취ҵǡ
ΪˣҲἱץղ̨ˡ
Ͼһȵղ̨·֮˭֪ղ̨»͵
ʱɾҲҲղ̨ˡ
ԣǧҪⷽץסղ̨¡
ˣ
ǧֿǰѪ˵Ѿ˵ˣǸȥؾҰ۾Ÿ׼񼶱ķҵǻܼ֮ѣҪ꣬ǵøϿ졣
ǣѪæͷ
漴˳ǰؾ
·ϣҲ˽ľ
ɫѿصѪҧгݵش˵ⶼǰҵĺôƾʲôҽס
оԼѪˡ
Ѫߵˣǰѣҿ㣬ҲұʡҪġתһΪһ㣿
ĬˣˣˣֻҪԼøǿ󣬡תһĳְɣԼ磬ʲô¡


1748 ׼
ؾѪڿǧֵı塣
ȻŲɫĽƣ޷ؾѪܹܵǧǹɢĿֲϢ
ңǧָǵĸоһƬ棬ޱߣͷ
һλĴ񣬶ұⷽ浮Ҫǿ
Ѫоɫӹˡ
ҵǻ֮ǳǶ׼ҵİ£ǿǿҲҪʱ䡣
ǧ˵գ㴫ͽⷽ档
Ѫæϥ£ʼǧֵİ£ɻ֮
ò˵һӴ֮Ǿͷָֺôˡ
Ȳ˵԰׼񼶱ķ˳ĥǵǵǿ
ǴԵ
۾һѾӽѾǳ˽ˣ뵽Ҫı֮ۻ֮壬ھһЩ֮͵ǰ˻ȶٵʱ򣬾ͷǳаˡ
һԣѪȻûľҲܹܵǰ֮ĺô˷ޱȡ
Ҷǳ츳ٸߣҲ벻ⷽлǿٰ߽ɣҿô
Ѫֻ뵽
漴ȫɻ֮
ؾеǧ֣һ֮߰һ߼׼񼶱սܡ
УûڴѪܹץղ̨£ֻŪѡ
ǧɱﵣƵʮ׼񼶱սܡ
Ѫˣǰ̽ղ̨¶ѡ
ǧֿʥķ۾΢΢һС
֪ԼֻһλᣬΪһȵղ̨֪Ĵڣ˵Եҩֱӽ񾳽磬Ȼ硣
ȻԵҩղ̨µ츳ղ̨¿϶ѡԵҩ
ԣǧ֪Լֻһλᣬһ־Ҫץסղ̨£޻ᡣ
ǹһҪõ
ǧᶨ˵

ʱ䣬תۼ
ʥ档
ëǰС壬ѯʵʱ䣬Ѫʲô𣿡
ЦǵʥѾڴӪѪ̵͵ĺܣһǲ̵ˣ˱ᡣ
ëЦһ˵ʶ࣡
΢΢Ц˭֪ǲ̵ʵڻϣǲǻ½һһ̡
ë˵ͷԴһս֮󣬲̱ǻ½һˡ
ϾҶǳͲչֳʵ̫ǿˡ
䣡
ڴʱһǿϢӲԶ
Ϣ̫ǿˣԶԶʥ۷ǿߵϢ
ʥڣ»ᾪ½
ëתͷȥʱ۾һǷɵıչ֮أѾ̤׼񾳽硣
Ľλղ̨泤ֶΣӲһλ׼񣬾Ȼֻ˼ʱ䡣
ϾԻ磬Ǽʶ㡣ëЦ漴ֿҶǳıչ֮أѾȥ꣬ҶСӵҲﵽ׼񾳽硣
˫ϲŰЦ
ë˵ͷ
ʱҶǳǽʱٴ
ԶҲ˹
ʦʦ壡ë
ëЦ׼˰Ҫãܳ񣿡
ɺٺЦʱԶٳ񣬲ղ̨˵ˣҾѹΪһһ磬Ҳڷ֮ǰʵ
ë˵ͷͬҪʵһ˻磬Ϊǻ͵ģһЩʵһΣգǾˡ
ʦģסɵ˵ͷ
ˣˣֲСӣò¡˵λղ̨泤أˡ·õķɰһЦ
ëҲԣǣղ̨¶Ի˽⣬ȻôΣա
ң˭֪ղ̨»ʲôƣԱӦ㹻ˡ
˽̸֮䣬ʱٴ
ֻʮһģһӰҶǳ
ȻҶǳѾ۳ˡ
ңëһ۾ͿЩʥ۷徳硣
ŸϢȴǱʥ۷ǿˡ
ɹˣëȻѾȷˣʵ
ҲһڴؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦŵͷɹˣЩ׼񾳽磬ʵԿ׼񡣡
ëԴЦһ졣
̾ʮ׼񰡣ټϷɣǾʮһ׼񣬳ȴǲ̣½Ҳûʮһ׼񰡡
ëȻҲ˵һֵ̣ܵ½ˡ


1749 δı
һڲ̸߲㿴ҶǳķԵöܣϾЩ׼񼶱ģһɳǿս
˵ڲ̲ĵһ̣½粹̡
ҶСӣʩչžŹԪ֮Ͼ̤׼񾳽ˣɷǿǰľŸҶǳѯʵ
ҲһҶǳ
ҶǳԵ˵ͷЦ׼ǿԵģͲˡ
˵Ҷǳһ̾Цռ֮ƴڣұһ񼶱ܽ񾳽硣
񼶱
һ
ͨղ̨£Ѿ֪ȼˡ
ȻǵڶҲȴǿʮСλڿġ
ֻͨˣôҪܳ񣿡ëʵ
ҶǳӦһԼڵ
ڵĻѾ%90ˣֻ%10ˡ
ʱٴ֮УԼٵ򱶡
ԣҪʮܳ
ʮ갡
Ҷǳ㣬ë΢Цǻã㻹ڻ½ʮꡣ
ʮ˵˵Ҳ̡
ëǻܽܣʱ̵̫ĻǶ׼
Ҫ֪ǲǿ߱ҶǳһҶǳ˻磬ǲ̿˲ʹӵһʱΪһ̡
ԱûС
ϾһҶǳˣѪ˿϶
ʱô
ƾëǼʥ۷
ҶǳҲס
ϾѪ׼񼶱ǿߣǿԿġ
ǰҶǳ򲻹Ѫʱ򣬻ܶʥ֮Уƾǿõ˼ɵ
ëǣֻͨʥ۷壬ǿʥ֮УҲסǡ
ԣһûҶǳ̵³֪²Ϸö١
ѣˣҲǿҶǳķһûҶǳͲôŬˡ
˵Ϊˡתһǻᷴһ
½пᣬǿʳֻ棬ûνꡣ
ҶǳҲ֪Щ׼ڷ֮ǰ̴ĸǿ
ǹ棬Ҷǳ׼ԼľŸ׼񾳽ˡ
˵ֻҪ񾳽磬ܷ磬ûҪٰԼΪ׼񾳽ˣǶһ١
Ͼȵ˻磬еǻΪ
ԣľŸ׼ܷڲ̣ΪǿĴ֡
һ˻磬Ÿû취ˡ
ΪһǾҪﵽΨһľ磬Ҳ˵ꡢеΪһ塣
ʱľŸ׼񼶱ķֻܱɿյǣûȥٿء
һ鷳
Ҷǳ֪ô죬׼ȥһղ̨Իǿߡ
ɣȥղ̨泤ϹһˡգҶǳԱߵİ˵
æȥղ̨ˡ
ղ̨²ʥ棬ڻ½ΣѾͷҪȵһܳΪ
ò˵˺Ľʺޡ
󷨣ʲô𣿡
ĿͰȥҶǳĿתëʱǲ̵󷨴ʦ˵½ǿ󷨴ʦҲΪ֮
棬ԽľŸǷ棬Ǿֻܽˡ
ѪǣԼ󷨣ڡ
ʷҲκβǡ
ԣһ󷨱춨һǿɡ
Ҫ󷨣л֮ǸûáëһЦҡҡͷ
ʱҲԱߵ˵ͷ
Ҫ֮ܲãҲΪʲôֻܲ󷨵Եʡ
֮
Ҷǳüͷл֮Լˡ
ң⿿ǵ֮޷󷨡
Ͼ󷨷ǳӴ󣬶ǵ֮͸һôܲһӴ󷨡
ֻܵҳٲˡҶǳ뵽
ܹڻ½ͣʱǳ٣Ƕ٣û˵壬Ϊÿͣʱ䶼һҲǿͣʱԽǶݡ
ҲⷽıɵģĻһ̫ͣãǶⷽв̫ˡ
˵ҶǳҪǳˣֱò̶£Ǿƻƽˡ
ԣⷽʱȥ
ҶǳõһЩģ಼󷨣ʹҴҷ뿪ˡ
Ҳ˵ǵʱ䣬Ҳܹһ󷨡


1750 һ
ʱû취ãҶǳָëʱʱٴ
ʮʱ䣬Ҷǳ̫ˣܹһ͸ˡ
ëʱ˵ʱٴϣѾˡ
Ҫ֪ǵʱٴѾԴﵽ򱶵ʱˡ
˵ⷽ棬Ѿʱõ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ղҶǳѾˣڴﵽ׼񾳽磬׼ʵ߶ҲԽʱٴٶˡ
ɴ˿ɼﵽ񾳽磬ʱٴˡ
Ҫﵽ񾳽磬Ҫʱٴ
ʱѾˡ
û취𣿡
Ҷǳʱë
ëʱһۣʱſЦһ취ǾΪţܹٴʱٴ󡣡
Ҷǳ
Ϊʲô֮ǰ˵취ˡ
ֱ
ղ̨
УҲ
ţҶǳͿɺղ̨˫˫ˡ
ղ̨»һĲ⣬̵ĵˢ֣űһڵӳݵʱ⣬ȴͻȻˡ
ԣҶǳղ̨Ĺĵصʵʲô£Сڰǲ̵ǿʵû²Ҫҡ
һ
Ѿһʥ۷ǿߣȥһЩСˢֱ֣۸ְ
˵ӣЩ̵һΣжûУôʵôս飿
Ȼղ̨󱦲أ˶ҵ׷Ц
ҶǳҲЦ¹и⣬½Ҳֻܹҽˡ
Ҷǳôһղ̨Ÿ˺ɫͷһʵ˵ɣʲô⣿۹⣬ⷽ棬ûҲ⡣
ղ̨Կ䣬ҶǳָԱߵľŸ˵Ÿ׼ڲ̣ǵҷ֮ŸûˣֻʣǣҪôǱסڵս
ղ̨¿һԱߵľŸ۾һȵķȻ׼񼶱ܹôǿǷǳټġ
ɲⷽҶǳ֮⣬ߣʥûдﵽ
ô¹а취𣿡Ҷǳٶʵ
ղ̨°ֵʲôѵģ㽫ƳսܾˣʱָһˣٿЩսսȻһսǾֻԼָˡϾ׼񼶱ǿߣûʲôԲ
Ҷǳ۾һæʵʲôսܣҪβƣ
Լɣղ̨ӹһɫľʯ
ǣҶǳɻشеľʯ
ղ̨ƲǼʯԴ䣬ڻ磬ؼȵȣġ
ҶǳԶʱ˽⣬æ֮̽ʱһӴļ
ҶǳһæԼǿ֧סˡ
˶һںղ̨£ҶǳһЦղҪǻˣѾ걻ˡ
ɼ̫Ӵˣûе߲ε޷
ٽЩ֮ҶǳҲսʲôˡ
ǻһؼøĲϣƳսܣ԰Լս
ʵ÷սһ
÷ȥսȥðգյģΪ𲻻Σա
ڻ磬Щû취ҶǳַǾֻܿսˡ
ߣϲһЩսܣսΪˣǳ˳֡
ķѾǿˣǸһ£תΪ׼񼶱սˡ
ղ̨´ҶǳľŸ˵ϧⷽ治񼶱ĴڣĻٸһĲϽȥƳŸ񼶵սˡ
һ
Ÿ񼶵սܣǶô񰡡
ϧˣⷽ治񼶵ǿߴڡ
ûսܣһﵽ񼶣Ҳᱻⷽȥ
ǧҲͲֻ׼񼶱սˡ
ʲô⣿ûҾˡղ̨´ߴٵҪųȥˣأΪʱѾˣҪ˼ǧ꣬͵÷ˣʱûٽˣˡ
ԣҪϧõĻ䡣
Щͷղ̨£Ҷǳæʵһ飡¹ܲܽļֻǽ߶󷨣Ҵﵽ񾳽磬֮ǰͻ㡣
ļ׼Ҹպþֻʣļ
ղ̨ԣ˻֣ʱǰͳļǿ
ļֱһƣһһֻͷһսס
Ҷǳ۾һԿļһͬһʽȻһ


1751 
𣿡
ղ̨¿ҶǳƲһصɵġȽðɣʱֱӽɾˡ
˵գղ̨¾ʹҴȥˡ
˶һĿɿڴ
һǻǵһμʵ̫ˡ
ɣ㷢ˡëһĽؿԱߵİɣֻԼ̫ûղ̨£ԼҲлΪղ̨µͽˡ
һЦҡͷڶ԰ʦղ̨¶Щڻò˵ղ̨¶ȷǳá
ѾˣǰļȻһףȱһй
еǼɳ׼ȻֲĴڡ
ͷսףƣģеĳɳ׼ġ
Ǽ󣬲·׷ˣǳá
һ
ҶǳĽޱȡ
ҲûʲôĽģͱһҪǿ
ʱȫ¶һҲս
ˣ󷨣Ч˵ë
Ҷǳ˵ͷǰļʱëȥˡ
󷨱ʹڣҪ滻š
滻ԭš
⼸ǰʱٴ󣬸һˡ
ټ֮Ǿˡ
ˣɣ
һë͸󷨣Ҷǳ
Ҷǳһȥֻ貵⣬ʥ涼𶯲
ôʲôЧëҶǳæʵ
ҶǳĿһ۾ϲ̫ǿˣ֮ǰǿһٱ
Ȼôǿë𾪣Щŵô˵ֻҪǧܴ꣬ﵽ񾳽ˣ
һԣ󷨵ҶһЦǺǿ󣬵Ҳֲ֮ܿǰֻǴ߶һȴҪ߶Ҽӵ׼񼶱Ҳֻܼһ꣬ʮ׼ֻС
ëСԼоŸټϷɣպʮֻ
ҶǳɣǸֻһˡ
ûϵһ˷ܵ˵ܹʦﵽ񾳽磬ҲܸˣǾһˡ
Ҳղ̨˽˷ͬһʱɽٷĻô󣬾ͻͬһ
һˣҲиӦ

ؾ
ǧֿԼǰʮսܣһ⡣
ʮ׼񼶱սܣټһһⷽ棬Ӧ޵еˡ
ǧһš
ܹⷽжʵ
ǵղ̨ʲôɱﵣŲôò׼֡
ţ
ڴʱǧֺȻӦʥǱߵĶ
Ǵ񣬶ǿ߽״Ըоǳ
ʥһ㶯ҲܹӦĵ
ĸӦУʥ㱬ǿϢ񼶵Ϣ
Ȼ̲һӵǾֻˡ
û뵽СѾͷδʱղ̨͸һЩСߣҲ⼸ɡ
ǧһ
ûЩͼҲֻС߶ѡ
СҲ࣬ʮս֮Ҳûжĵͼˡ
Լɲȥսãһս䣬ʧ棬ʧ̫ˡ
Ȼֻһ׼Ѫ㹻Ըǡ
ǧֿŻؾĶʮӰǾѪǸԵľŸ׼񼶱ķ
Ƕʮ׼񼶱սˡ
̽һ׼ôܵס
Ҫ֪ʥ۷弶ǿʹҲֻһλ׼ѡ
Ҳ˵ֻܴճ׼񣬲ҶǳҲ׼
Ѫһȴʮλ׼˫Ĳ̫ˡ
ǧֲΪܹӮֻղ̨¡
ղ̨СѾͷҲǧɵġ
֪λǿղ̨Ѿͷʲôǧֿʥķ򣬰
λղ̨һǿ϶ԼŮһǿĻǧɵĵط
ԣҪѪȥ̽һղ̨¡
Լں󷽣жƺٳ֣νڲ֮ء
Ѫ׼ʲôʱ֣ǧֿŻؾѪʵ
ѪһۣͬǰҵʱԳ֣
ڶԼš
Ͼһ˾͵ֵʮ׼񣬱˵һˣɨ½ˡ
Ǿ˲̰ɣǧ˵


1752 ˫˫
Ѫ˿̳ţ˭ҲûЯ£ֱӾ͸ʥ档
Ѫò̻мʥ۷壿ԱЦʵԵ÷ǳɣɼԼʵѶôš
ѪЦϴҶǳСӵ˱ˣҹѾӵоŸˣ⣬ڲоŸʥ۷壬ټϷ˵Ҳжʮʥ۷塣
Сӱ׼񾳽磬Ҳ˵һ׼񣬶ʮʥ۷壬ǿޱȰп
һμҶǳʱҶǳʥľ綼ûУһתۣôǿˡ
һԵѪмǿҲǰˣ˱ʮ׼һ˾ˡ
Ȼˣ̾ͽҰɣѪȻȥϢҵĺϢЦ˵
Ѫ
꣬ȥ̣Ѿһôȥ̸̣ɶ
Ѫ֪ôĿģҪǧǰǰãҪˣ˲̣ץסղ̨£Ѫʲôͣ

ˣѪߵҺҶǳв֮Ҳֲ㡣
ҾͰһѣ˺ʮ칬ѪҲˣҪƤ˵
Ѫøϻ˵ӱȻ½Ҫ
ֱǰʥ档
Ҳǰ׳գ֪ʥδصеùҶǳԻҪҶǳС
ô
ֱӿʥ棬ųǿϢ
ȻֻǷųϢĶˣҶǳ֪жʮ׼ˣﻹҳ
䣡䣡
ѪϢһʱΧߡ
ԶһЩطһЩǿҲӦѪǿϢ
׼Ϣ
Ѫ
ȥʥʲô

ʡԨ̽ʡʡʡӦ̽ȵȣһЩǿ߶գңңʥķ
Ѫվڲ̵һǳϿգңʥķвԶ
ʱʥˣȻҲӦѪĴڡ
Ѫ׼񼶱Ǳ𣡡ص
ëվһЦϴεĽѵѵѪΪһаնԸǲ̣
ӦôɵŶԣʮ칬ǲԩ޳𣬸ûҪǶ֣ٲҲǺѪ̶֮𣿡ɷɻ
ҶǳҲЩɻѪϮЩ֮⡣
ϴֳʵټڣѪһҲܻǲ̡
ңԸûְòвʮ칬ҲᰵвֲŶԡ
벻ͨҶǳҲˡ
۵ʲôıƣ֮ɡ
ԣҶǳ˵ߣǳȥǸûᣬýѪ
ȻˣϾֻǷ޷
ԣһѪˣķֻԶͣʥ۷ˡ
Ҷǳڻ֪ѪķѾ׼񾳽硣

ʥ⡣
Ҷǳ̤նϣŶѪµĳǳأߵôҲ׼òһǳвҰɡ
Ѫվڳǳ֮ϣʱǳڵߣ涼ǲ̵ĵӣҶǳȻܷβܡ
ҶǳģЩϣǻûʲôȤѪм
ҲЦ˵ǿɲԴСֻǱѡ
ʵûɱҶǳ֮ǰҲǳأҶǳҲѧϰǣѪ̺ʮ칬ĳǳأɱȲ̶öࡣ
ڻ½սʥһ㲻ʥ֮µ֣߳ɱǳʥ֮⣬½ͨˡ
Ȼܵһʥ˶ˣôжԷʥ˾ͻ޹˼ɵسˡ
ٷϻ˵ɣʲôѪѵϴεʧѾ𣿡
ҶǳۿѪ
ѪߵȻǲ̵ģѲԷ
ҶǳתͷʵҲ̺ʮ칬ûʲôĿģ
ֵ̯ǲ̷չ̫ˣʵҲ̫ˣҪʮ칬ϣҲǲѶΪ֮
һԵѪƲƲ죬ҪˣôαȻǸ
ܺã
ҶǳѪκеƾ˾Ҫǲ̣δ̫˰ɣҿĵưɡ


1753 ֲ
ѪȻôѵƷųһŵҶǳʥô죿
жʮ׼񣬵ʥڣǿɷӲ׼ʵ
ԣҶǳʥڣҲκβ˶Է
ҶǳķɣɶԸˡѪվڸ߿УһȻؿŶҶǳ
Ҷǳʵ׼Ѫж϶ԷҶǳı
ʵϣȷҶǳıķʥС
ѪҲһѷʥУܱⱻ˸Ӧ
ٷϻһսɣ
Ҷǳһɳ죬Ʋ񷣬С
ѪһۣҲȥ
ǲҶǳŻʧֻҪҶǳıǾһʧ
һڲ̵ǿ߿ȥûҶǳǣϾ֪Ҷǳһ˾͵ֵʮ׼
οҶǳЯ½˭в
˶սš
ңԶ֮УһλλǿҲڹս
½ϿգС
ҶǳֱóһҲѾ¶ǰѽɢź嫵ǣ䶢ŶѪ
״΢΢Цı𽻸Ұɣ˵꣬óԼҲϷȡͬɢǿϢ
ҵĶ֣ҪѪҡͷóԼҶǳɱȥ
ѪŷĴһ
ȻҲΪʵǿӵоԵţԲʧе
ȻˣһѪ֪ѪӵЩȡ
뵽ѪڵʵҲȻˡ
ڵʵ˭ܴж
½ǿС
ѪȻ
ԶʺѪЩȡ
ǰǿҶǳѪȻҴѵʧ
һûᣡһԵʣ˵ҶѪһѪʧѪ̾군ˡ
ʳȵȵȿղѾѶҶˣûǳ֣оԵš
ҲãλҶЩֱǿ˶١ԣĿ⿴񷣬гڴ
С
ҶǳֳɱѪɵôЦһͷۣҪβѪ̣û뵽ȻˡãܺãѪ̵ļա
ԲѣѪЦһеױȵܣҶǳɱȥ
һ˲䣬ǳըȻǳܲסǿܡ
飬޴ĺɫѷ죬ҪһС
һλ׼߶չֳ̫ǿˣⷽŲ񳤴棬ƻ̫ˡ
ý磡
Ҷǳһ޴Ļýʱ٣Ƭض˽ȥ
ʱѪʵӳս۷ʱڵ߳ɡ
ռҶǳ׼ᣬһ˹ȥƴƥĽâѪͷ¡
ֲѪɫһ䡣
һʥ۷壬ôôǿѪо
ʱ˲ˣֱӻ̹սɱҶǳ
Ѫ׼񼶱ķ̹սЯѪ¡
ҶǳһжռϷ硣
òԶ𾪲ѡ
СӵʵȻôǿЩԾ
Ѫһɱһ߶Сӵﵽ׼񾳽磬ټϻýʵôǿ
ҪҰæ𣿡Цʵ
Ҷǳֳǿսɳš
ǿһʮ
һжʮ
裡Ҫ
Ѫ
΢΢һЦ֮С
ϾѪԼܽҶǳ
ĴڣԷһˡ
Ǿͽˣ㶯֣ǻҪץסղ̨ء˵
һߣڹѪҶǳüͷһʲôץղ̨µģΪʲô
ѵղ̨µݱ֪ˣ
죡ѪҶǳ״ɵöǳ
мһˣʲôϵ
Ѫٶԣȴٻʣµ̹žˣɱҶǳ
ʲô
Ҷǳˡ
ѪľŸȻﵽ׼񾳽磬ҪôӴɣ
䣡
Ѫֳ̹žΧҶǳʱҶǳܵ˾޴ѹ
ԶսˣҲ¶֮ɫ
ѪȻѾŸ׼񾳽磬ֱֲ


1754 ɱ
Ÿ׼ټϱǾʮ׼Ѫôôǿ
Ų֮ϵսЩ˼˵
һߵʣҲĿޱأĹд棬ҲܹƳŸ׼񼶱ķѪѵҪƸۣѪеɱҶ𣿡
Ƿ񰡣ѪӮˣѪҲԪˣԺ˵׼ˣһʥ۷嶼ٳˡ
п
ѪˣĹ̶ԸҶǳɹ˶ѪҲûô
ϾѪҪ磬һ󣬷ҪΪһ壬޷
ʱѪ̻м֣
һʥ۷ĶûС
ңʧȥӴĵ̣Ѫ̵ĵӣԺɳľ͸Ӽˡ
˵ڣάס̵λ϶̣ԺֻԱˡ
λҶҲǿĿ°汻˵ˣİ׼ΣҪ֤񰡡Ա˵
˵ͷҲһ̾Ǵ۽ˣѪʮ׼񣬶ҶҲﵽ׼񾳽磬һʮֱ졣
һʮվЩǿҶ³ŲסˣοԱ߻һ˵
Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ʵͷΪѣǵȻҪ֣Ѫ̣Ҳкô
ãʱһϷѪ̣ҲܹǿһЩڲ̣ٺ٣ڶҶԽԽˣҪ˶ãܷ磬Ǹüɵ̡Ц˵
ʵ˵ͷҲ½̻ǷĿɳ𣬵Ҷǳ֮󣬲жǿ
ǿĻҶǳûҶǳ̱Զˡ
Ҷ㣡
ʺ˵־Ͷ֣У׼Ѫ֡
ûЯҲЯ
ϾڣŰȡ
˵䲻ĻǾˣзڣڣǿ
ʧˣˡ
ţ
ѪƳһʺûжᣬסġ
Ȼֻ׼񼶱ķӭȥ
ʣѪҶǳսǿɲң
Ц
һӱ׼ǿϢʺ𺳲ѡ
ôܣ˼
ҲЩɣȻϷϷЩ˿ɲɵǰֻԼҵĴ棬ûռˡ
ţ
ԶҶǳҲһĻüͷ΢΢
Ҷǳ𣿽ڣ˭ҲȲ㡣ѪЦ֮ɫ
Ҷǳ˵ǵЩҵϣѹеӸɱҡϧǻǵ͹ҵʵ
˵꣬أŸȫ֣ɱѪ
䡭
һʱ䣬׼񼶱ǿϢϵس֣涼ս
ʲô
Ѫʧɫû뵽ҶǳľŸȻҲ׼񼶱ֱֲ̫ˡ
Ƿﵽ׼񾳽磬Ҷǳĸ֡
Ÿ׼ҶǳʵǰҲˡ
ⲻܣѪţ
ͫһо鷳ˣæʣµ߸׼ӭҶǳķɱ
򣡡ҶǳЦ
ǵصĻ𣬶ʱա
ﵽʥ۷徳֮ҶǳĻѾ÷ǳǿˣ˵ĹЧĻý
ϻý磬׼ʵҲҪ롣
ټܿͽѪش
ߣǲĶϣ
һֱɵҶǳĻý磬û뵽ҶǳȻһֶαȻý¡
ҲİѪŭѾǿ󣬾ȻǲҶǳ
֪ԼⱲӿ¶ܱˡ
ߣΪǲ𣿡ҶǳһŸı𣬽ѪΧӳȥ
ͬʱҶǳʩչ̹ս󣬾Ÿ˲ǿ̹žˣÿֳѪ
ܵͻýѪ̹ž˵ĶϣֱӺ䱬ˡ
ء
մը綼
Ѫı˳ǵķҶǳɱˡ
ֻʣΪʺǣסԲǿӹһ١
ҲӲߣʺɲߡ
ҶǳҲǲһ̹žɱ˹ȥ
ˡѪҺʧ˾Ÿ׼񼶱ķĶڵѪ
ߣһҲٹѪԶ


1755 ׷ɱ
һս̫Ķˣ½ǿ߶ˡ
ѪչֳŸ׼񼶱ķҶǳҲչֳŸ׼񼶱ķʲôʱ׼ôֵǮˣ
ǱϹʺȻǡ
ǿʣǻ½İһսȻ˲۵ǡ
ʺԼеΡ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶǳѪǿ
ȻǿĻҶǳ
ŸȻȫ׼񼶱Ҷ̫ǿˡо
ʵ˵ͷڷǳԼվڲһıˡ
Ѫı𣬾ӣܵҶǳ׷ɱ
Ҷǳ𣬻̹žˣֱ׷ɱѪ
Ҷǳֻһ̹žȥ׷ɱĿѪ
ѪδֻҪѪôѪ̾군ˡ
ʱ򣬾˻磬ҲĲΣˡ
ǲڻ½ˣѪ̡
ԣҶǳĵ̹ž˰ʺҲɱѪˡ
ѪڣҶǳɱ̹žˣֳļʵ˭ܿ⣿
ǿϢϯ½ǿ߶еѹ֡
ҶǳܵС
е߶֪ӴԺҶǳǻ½һˡ
޿ĵһˡ
Ԩ̡Ӧ̡ȵȣ⣬Ժǲ̡
зǳģһοǲ˹̣˭֪Ҷǳ᲻Ժ
ԶѪҪ·ĵ̣ʺȻ۾һ
νѲƶѪҶĶԹɡ
оһ̤գѪڱС
ʣʲôѪˣŭصűʡ
ЦǱҶϵĪ棬ҳְҶȻԹۡ
˵գסѪ
һ֣Ǿˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ʻͻȻ֣侮ʯ
УǳԼĺӣɻʲôʱʱ³ˣ

ѪѪĸС㱱ʻᱻһС붯֣
ǰ׳գ˲֪˱ʵĿģҪҶǳ
лˣ
Ҷǳܿ͸Ϲˣﵽ׼񾳽磬ٶȱͱһ׼Ҫ졣
ڱһѪӲˡ
̹žˣټҶǳı𣬽ѪΧסˡ
ʱ򣬱ʾæ˻ԼĴӪˣҲҶǳ˳ˡ
ҶǳŰɣҲŲ˶ãбҸǿĵڵ㣬ڲԶˡ
Ѫ֪ԼӲˣХһԱˡ
䡭
ѪϾ׼ԱܷǳӴҶǳܵļʱҲش
ǿޱȣƺܿͻָˡ
ǿĺôǷǻָǳˡ
һɣǼ𣬺ѱݻ١
ݣ
ѪԱ֮һ˳ҪߣȴҶǳסˡ
ֶһҶǳеɵ¶Цݡ
ÿһһ̵ĵ̡
ϾҪ磬ֻ
һ̱һ
ϲҶȫʤϲɺأһҶǳȭ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦνֲЦˣ֮ǰȻ뱱еСìܣμȻʶ࣬ҲپŲˡ
οվڱʣһҲҪǡ
£ҶǳЦ˵λҪлʱ³֡
ûҳ֣ҶʵҲѪߵġǫ
򷢵˱ʣҶǳŷزˡ
Ѿˡ
Ҫɱһ׼̫ѣǱͻȻסѪҶǳҲδܹɱѪ
ɱѪѪҲøһˣʱȥǡ
Ҷǳز̵;Уа뵽
иɻ󣬳ԺС
Ǿ֮ǰᵽ飬ΪʲôѪҪץղ̨£ݱ¶
Ѫɲ̱ǿղ̨йأԲҪץղ̨
УѪܹƳŸ׼񼶱ķ˵ùȥϾѪ̵ĵ̺ǿ
أӴƳŸ׼񼶱ķ
ѪǰĻҲҶǳеһ˿ɻ
Уʲô֪ܡ


1756 ˵
Ҷǳص̣һսĻˡ
սĻ½ߣеǳ񫡣
һʮλ׼ѪˣִսǰҲѵһ

УǧֿһʥķҡҡͷЩΡ
û뵽Ѫղ̨¶ûбƳĿҡ
ȻʱֵĻǿԾѪ
ϾѾƳʮ׼񼶱սܣÿսܻһ
ĿֲҶǳҲҪʰ·硣
ǧֲûѡ־ѪΪ뱩¶
֪ղ̨µĵʲôҲִٶ֡
ҪһЩսܣǧְ뵽
ҶǳʵЩ֮⣬òһЩ׼
ʱðպá
ʱ䣬ղ̨½ʱ䡣
ղֻ̨Ҫһ꣬Զ̤񾳽硣
ǣǧֲ֪ղ̨ʲôʱģ֪һꡯѾȥˡ
ӻϵؾͺķһǧʱ䣬սֺķһǧʱ䣬ͽǧˡ
ղ̨µʱ򣬶ԷѾʥ۷壬ٹȥһǧʱ䡣
ԣǧܹǣղ̨ǧ꣬ĻǾпܰǧҡ
ԣǧֵġȫʱ䡯ǧꡣ
ȻΪ˸ӱһ㣬ǧֿɲٵǧֻ꣬ðһǧꡣ
ʮսܣ˳Ʒǧ

ʥ档
Ҷǳʺ֮󣬱㽫ղ̨½ˡ
ͷղ̨£ҶǳЦҡҡͷ˵ǵĿʵ㣬˵Ҫץ㣬Ҳ֪ǲ汩¶ݡ
ܣղ̨ҡͷҵôᱩ¶ⶼǲ̵Ĵ泤ϣ֪ݵҲǼǱ¶û˻֪
ҶǳҲҡͷǵ˲ᱩ¶
֪ղ̨ݵģѣǾģԿš
ϴγֶԸѪ²⣬Ͼҵڻ½˵İģҲµԻ硣ҶǳȻ˵
ղ̨Цڼ֮ǰл½˽ⷽ棿
Ҷǳҡҡͷ
޷ⷽ棬µ޷գԣ뵽½˻ήⷽ档
ңôҲû˵л½˽ٹ
ȻˣǾͲΪҶ뵽硣ղ̨˵
ҶǳüûѪԩ޳ΪʲôҪץ㣿
ղ̨Ҳüͷֹץңץңûʱ򣬾ͱ˸°ˣãʱշ籩Ŷһ٣ǻ½
Ҷǳ۾һæʵ᲻ĳˣ
ǧǼһ𣿲ܰɣʱշ籩ģôܻҵõңղ̨ҡͷ
Ҷǳɻǧ˭ǵ°ˣ
ţǳǧִ£߽״ǰһֱǱղ̨壬ֱ°Ҳű¶ݡղ̨ҧгݵ˵ĸǰǳǧ֣û뵽Ǹϸ
ҶǳҡͷǼǵģøǱǼĺġ
ղ̨²˵ǳؾ󳬼壬˴˻ǱҲģǧҲղ̨ǿǱ
ˣ˵飬ǷǧʲôӡǣλҶǳʵ
ղ̨ҡͷôܣʱһŵôӡǣңʱӵĴæһ·ղ̨ǿ׷ɱʱӡǡ
Ҷǳûʲôǧֵģ
ղ̨룬漴ЩڨڨؿҶǳ˵ǰѽǧֵġ
ʲôҶǳһʱûзӦ漴뵽ǼҲղ̨µһ͸ɵȻ󱻰͸ˡ
ҶǳйâһǰѽɢǿϢ
ѽǧֵģ
Ҷǳɴ۾ղ̨£ڿ׳һ˵ô˵
Ҳûʰղ̨
Ҷǳ˷۵ѵ㲻֪޷һ߶ȻᱻǧָӦ
һַʽ
һѹƣֻҪʵǿ󣬴ﵽ񾳽磬
ڶ־ͬԴЩ̵ʦүģֻҪʦүĹټʦүĲãܽ
֮⣬
ˡղ̨ӭҶǳʣЩ顣
ϾǴӻģڻ磬Ͷ񣬿û޷Ŀܡ
ʱҲһʱûϾųãȻǻ۸ߣᾭ٣Ҳ


1757 
ҶǳЩؿǰղ̨£ˣҲ֪СȻԻ磬Ͼųãᾭز㣬ܹ̫ˡ
̾˿Ҷǳ㽫ëǽᣬѴ¸ǡ
ҶǳЩһֱ߶ʱٴתԣкܴʣλ߽״ǧѾˡ޷ⷽ棬ֻǲ
ͣһ£˼ʱ䣬Ҷǳ˵Ҳ²⣬֮ǰѪ֮ԻӵоŸ׼񼶱ķҾúܾܿΪϵǧ֣ҲΪʲôҪץղ̨µĿġ
ҶǳĻһĬ
ΣſЦѹѪǼһǰ˵һǿĵˡ߽״ôԸ
˵˵ͷһɻ˵ͨˡ
ǧֱĻ֡
޷ԸһΣҶС죬ҲԸ߽״񣡡ëҡͷ
ҶǳҲͷŶԸǧˣڳˣҲ޷Ը
Ҳֻһ״񣬾Խս״Ǻ߽״֮ĲҲ̫ˣԷһȭ
Ψһֵҵľ޷ⷽ棬ܹһӶԸǡɷ˵
ЦֻǾͲõˣѪѾˣٴΰƾŸ׼񼶱ķҲǵĶ֡
ɷǳҪ˵̫ˣǧܹҵѪǾͿҵʡʡǡֻҪ㹻棬ȫ켸ʮλ׼ʱǸεֵ
ҶǳͷΪǿߣǧȫ¡ʵֻҪͳһ붯κһ˳֡
ڻ½׼񣬳˲̵⣬бʡʡӦ̽Ԩ̽ʡʡȵȡ
ȴѵǻбʡʡӦ̽Ԩ̽ʡ߸׼
Щ׼оŸ׼񼶱ķټǱǾʮ׼
ӴҶǳͺΣ޷ֵ
Ըʥڡ
ֻҪʥڣЩ׼ٶ࣬Ҳв
ԺֻܶʥˣǸλıһҪʥ档
ëɫǧ߽״񣬶˵ǳӴ˵ķһ׼񡣡
ЦҲ˵ֻҪǲɳ𣬾ͿԴԴϵ׼ˡ
ҶǳҡͷӦʱƣ߽״ɲôģǧ׼ҲҪղֻ̨Ҫһܷ磬ǧֲ֪ղ̨ھ꣬϶̫ʱ䡣
ɷǳҹʧܺһǧԺ󣬶ԷŻ֡
ǾͶʥڣղ̨泤Ϸɡ˵
ҶǳĵҾ鲻ô򵥣֮ǰղ̨õսܵǧֿ϶Ҳᡣ˵ھѾ˺ܶ׼񼶱սܡ
Ҫ֪սܺǵķɲͬսܵҲ׼񾳽磬ʥڣһԷӳ׼񼶱ս
Ҷǳˣ˵ڵʵֵʮλսܻУҾãǧֻЩսʱֻҪʮսܣ¾סˡ
ˣëüòˣԷ޷棬ǿ϶սܡ
˵գëղ̨£ʵ㻹жŻﵽ񾳽磿
Ŵﵽ׼񾳽磬Ҫǧܴﵽ񾳽硣ղ̨˵
ë˷۵ǧꣿ㹻˼Ƴʮսˣ֮ǰƵģҲʮսˡ
Ҷǳҡͷģǧֲǧôãҹֻһǧ꣬Ͼ֪ղ̨µ׼ȷҲʱ
ëüҲ˵һǧҪӦʮ½׼񣬻жʮλϵսܣ
ɨƽ½ˡ
ҶǳǵҾЩսһǾˡ
ղ̨ҡͷӦûôʮ
Ҷǳ˷ۣʮʮֳ׼񣬾лͻýҲѵֵġ
ˣ˸һ飬Ļǿǿнⷽġղ̨ºȻ˵
Ҷǳ
ë


1758 ְ
ղ̨µĻ˶ʱһ
ëֱ˵ǻͶɣ
Ҷǳץץͷоһģղ̨¿Цʱٴڣܹ𣿡
ڰղ̨ߣǵѡ
ֻҪûղ̨£ǧ߽״ǲСطġ
˵
ҶǳöԷӦòôС˵㱻һҧˣһŰɣɱȫ
ʱǧֹƻɳƵսܣڻ½ŰһȻˡ
ԷһλɱҶǳҲķʱƴսɱҶǳΪҶǳֵöԷô
У
ղ̨ҡͷʱٴҵĳɳûã
һЦ
Ҷǳʵʲôƣң㸸ĸ㱣ֶΣ
ղ̨üҸ׸ëֻҪҼԽնɱˡڵʵԽҲɱǧ֡
׼񣬼ԽףҲܹնɱ״ѡ
ǧȴ߽״
ʵ̫ˡ
ԽףֲɱˣɱЩ׼񼶱սӦù˰ɡëʱϲ
ҶǳҡͷҲ²⣬ë϶һƷ԰ɣ
ղ̨µ˵ͷյȷһƷһξˣԼǿҲֻɱսܡһлǿֵܹʮͬ׵ĵΧ
Ҷǳ۾һ˵⵹һϢٿǣסʮսˡ
ëͷȷһϢǻҪǸǧֻ
ɻӦòɣǵȴڣô뵽ġ
ղ̨ҡͷĿңǧһġ
˵գղ̨¾ͽǹ¼˵һ顣
ԻȻѹǧôץղ̨£ԭղ̨¹غһǿĴС
Ҷǳ֮󣬳ôǧҪǹԳٳûǧ塣⵹һûᣬǿʱ䣬ϵ񾳽磬Ǳˡ
˽һ飬ȳʥ棬ʥڲ÷
񼶱󷨣ǻ޷ã׼񼶱󷨣ȴǿԴˡ
Ҷǳ׼ʥһ̷ݣֵǧ֡

Ѫ̡
ЩӣѪˣѪʵһ̺֮ڵ׵ˡ
ҲΪѪΪѪ̵ϴˣҲѪ̽
˽ʲôô
תһ棬ѪѾõˣ˽ͿŲѪ̵Դˡ
ԣѾﵹʥ۷ĵڿʼ׼񾳽ˡ
ҿѪǼһΪѪȡġתһѪ̿¾ֻܷɽˡ
뵽
ġתһѪ̱㲻ȱ׼
ѪʧȥǼǧ͵ģѪ̻洫Ȼʧܴ󣬵˵ǵĸ
ˣ⣬Ѫ̵ʥ
ǵĸŵˮǴߣѪ̣ͬǰѪһ
Ϊһ֮ҪĻʵԵһʵе鶼ĸ
ǼһﻹʲôѵȥԸҶǳҿûôɵЦһɳһ߳ҡ
һΣѪʮ׼û˵ҶǳҶǳɱƬײ
ɵҲȥҲ̵鷳ˡ
ǧ֣
Ǽһκβ
ٸǧʲôˣѾ֪֮ġ
ȻģҲ˵ԺδؿԼǧ֣ǧҲﲻ
Ȼˣǧֹʲô
Ѫ̲ȱ󷨣Ҳȱǧܹİޡ
ѪѾҶǳܹģԴɽҶǳѪ
Ѫ⣬˫֣ŲԶĵѪʧȥϾͻᱻ̻𣬲粢ʮ칬ҾͿԱסѪ̡
š
ʧȥѪ̣ڿ϶᧿ΣпܲϷĺ󳾡
ԣѪҪԱǾֻܼʮ칬ʮ칬ȱһ󷨣պѪֲ̿ȱ㡣
ξշѪ̵ġ


1759 ƭ
Ŀģֺγ
ŶһŵЦʮ칬ǼѪ̣ǽʮ칬
һȻȻʮ칬Ѫ̿Ϊʮ칬һɣǶϾеġ

Ȼָȵʮ칬ʲôҪ̲Ѫֱ̣˵ΣѪݺ½£̲ġ
һ䣬ʱͬʧȥѪ̣ûʸٳưԻ½Ϸ³㻹֪𣿡
ǺǣЦһ˭Ѫûˣʲô
Ļ䣬Ѫڱ㱬һǿϢ
ͫһɫ䣬ϢϤˣϢ
ô᣿ǵѾҶǳ𣿡ɻ
ЦѪȥֻǧǰ͵ģѪ̵Զ뿪Ѫ̡
ɫޱȣû뵽ǧֻһѪ£ͬǰ֣ôû
ǧִӦ󷨣ڶû
оܱ
ǰɫѿзǳˬЦҾʮ칬ǲѪ̰ɣû󷨵㣬ɵס̡Ŷˣڵ㣬ʮ칬ĵû˰ɡ
ҧгݵصŵʲôҲң׼񶼲ǣ
ĸСתһҪһǧ꣬ܳ׼񡣡Ц
иӱˣγ֣ûеõôʧô
ߣ
һܻ뿪ˡ

½ͻؾĽ紦
һضǧ˵ǸǰҶǳ̫ǿˣʧˣѪҲˡ
ؾڣǧʹӷ֪Ļ˵ҲǣԷʵȷЩǿ
һǵǰǽʲô취
ǧֳ㻹ܲҵѣֻҪ׼񼶱ľˡ
׼񼶱ǿߣİ£ԺķѼ꣬ƳŸ׼񼶱ķ
ʥ۷壬ǾҪķһǧˣǧֿûôʱ䡣
ԣҪӣҲֻ׼񼶱ġ
׼ǻ½ȷм׼񡭡һ֪ǧֵĿġ
뵽˶ʡʡǡ
Щ˶ʱһмʮ׼񣬻¶Ҷǳ
ֻǣҶǳ׼񼶱ʥڣ׼ٶ࣬ҲҶǳ
˵ɻ
ǧֵЦûϵֻҪҪһӱ¶̫ʵȽǸҶǳٽɱ
üºѣѾ¶ʵȥ鷳϶аˣԣʲѱɳ
ǧЦɱɱνֻҪķУǲûе̣ķֻҪһʵͼһЩ
ǧ˵ֻҪҶǳķʣµĽսܾˡ
ʱ򣬶ʮսܳȥֻҶǳһһսܾסˡ
ķǵʱԿ˵ͷ
ǧ˵ȥϵѰɣٴǵҰ׼񼶱ķ
ǣǰ˵ͷȻЩڨڨ˵ǰ󷨣
ţǧĿⶢ
ЦǰѾ׵Ҷǳڳ϶ʮ칬
ǧֵ˵ģץסղ̨֮һ㲼󷨵ġʮ칬һȺ϶ѣֻҪʵǿʱؽʮ칬
ǰ˵ҲǣҾˡ˵ͷȻתȥ
뿪һ˲䣬һ
£Ȼƭӡа
Ҫܲãǧ޷ⷽ棬Ҫβã
֮ǰѪʱǧֵǿΪˣöԷԻ磬ʲô취ɡ
ǶԷųٳٲоЩˡ
쵰ֻõǸղ̨£ûǺôѪһҲΪϹ
漴۳Ÿͼ˷ȥ
һȻʥȥ
֪޷ǧõ󷨣˼Ҳתˡ
ҪΪʮ칬úÿˡ


1760 
ʥ档
ڼ岼󷨣Ҷǳʱٴһ󷨣ʣµİ˸벼
ϾҶǳҲ󷨴ʦ
ʱľŸëľŸһڲ󷨡
ʣµѹ󷨲ϣӻ½
Ҷǳʵǿ½Ѫ⣬ԸͲ̽ףԲ̲ѹ󷨵Ĳϡ
ԴԴϵĲϣ˷ʥ棬ȻҶǳǲó󷨡
ҶǳȻĲʱӲԶҶһ˵ҶСӣǼһһʥ
ëһ̧ͷƤһ쵰Ȼ
ֻһƵģʥ˼ûдﵽ񳰷
ëߵǸ˸ѣѪ̾Ȼһǵϣʮ칬û󷨣ǿʮ칬
ҶһЦȥˣʲôʮ칬ʱҲҪһʱ
Ҷǳ֮ûʮ칬Ϊţʮ칬ôһԺר͵Ϯǲ̵ĵӣô죿
ܲǲ̵ĵӶһֱʥ治ȥɣ
෴ֻҪʮ칬һǣңҶǲ̵ӳ֡
գҶһ̤նȥ뿪ʥ档
ʥڣķӭҶһЦҶǴȫʤ
ƺˡ
ϾڵҶǳѾǵǸˡ
ڵҶǳһʵ֮ϡ
ǱȻģϾҶ׼񣬶ҶǳȴлýͻǣȻҶǳʤһ
ˣʲô飿ѵս𣿡Ҷһ˫ۣĮؿǰ
ҡͷҪҶһʽס
ףҶһԲؿ֮䣬ʲôף
Ц˺ѿʱı䰡ǣҲѣֻҪ㹻ʲôܽ׵أ
Ҷһ÷ߵʲôף
㹻ȷŹ
˵ĲλҪģҲû˺ǲ̵ĵӡ
Ѫ֣ǲŹģϾ̫ˡ
ǺǣҶԻĽס
ҶһЦ˵Ҹһܣ㷢ı֤ٶʮ칬֣Σ
ҶһЦһЦʲôܣֵ˵
˵ͷЦãҾ˵ʱҶٿǲֵҶΪˣ϶˵ġ
Ҷһ˵ֻҪϢмֵҿԱ֤
˵ͷ漴˵ղ̨ˣҶѾ֪Ի磬԰ɣ
Ҷһ۾һУȻ֪ղ̨µݣôȻ֮ǰĲ²ȷˡ
ԣҶһ۾һУ˵㲻Ҫǧ־ⷽѾ֪ˡ
һ㶣û뵽ҶǳȻ֪ǧֵĴˡ
һȻףаһⲻٸǧֹˡ
գҶһЦû뵽ҶѾ֪ǧֵĴڣѹϴôҡ
ҶһϢǾûҪˣ֪ˡ
˿˵Ҷ֮ǰǧȥϵ½׼Ȼ׼񼶱ķԸ㡣ӦǾŸ׼񼶱ķʲһӦ⣬׼϶ӦġʱҪʮλ׼񼶱ĵˡ
Ҷһ۾һУ䶢в𣿡
ҡͷ֪ҶԶʥ棬Ҳκβ㡣ңǧֱϾߣҲ빴߶ԸҶ㡣ԣֻҪҶӦԺʮ칬ҾͰҶ˵Щ׼鷳
ŶǧֵĺôҲ£ҶһЩɵؿ
ЦǧֱϾˣ޷ԼǣǱʲô˵ģ
ɲںǧ֣֮󣬶ԷҲҲġ
Ȼˣǻʲô
෴Ҷǳĳɳٶ̫ˣΪǧܹκεҶǳһʧˣʱվǧһ³϶ܲҡ
ǧ֡
ãҴӦ㡣ҶһĻûпǶã˵ͷ
Ȼʥڣʮλ׼񣬵ûЩˣǶǲҲá
ϾҶǳҲ½ΪС


1761 ؼ
ʥ档
򷢵֮Ҷһ㷵ʥˡ
ëǶʱΧѯʵǼһʲô飿
˱ʽסҶһЦŽĶԻëǡ
ë֮ߵŹЩġ
ˣҲû˵ǲ̵ĵӣ෴ʧ˾Ÿ׼񼶱ķҶһں˵
˵ͷҲã򱱷Ԩ̡ӦǶҪΪˡ
ѣܱȶ˺áɷҲ˵ͷ
ҶԣëȻвˬҲٶ˵ˡ
Ҷһ˵Ǽȷǧ´γ֣϶һǧԺˡԣһǧڣҪ಻ֵһЩ󷨡
˽ʱͷ

ʮŶʡʡʡԨ̽Ӧ̽ǰؾ
㵱ûƭǣʿǰʵ
ڶЩɣлǿ߽˻ؾ
뵽ϴξȻ˾Ÿ׼񼶱ķЩȷ
İɣһôƭôˣǾûдһҲκβô˰ңɱǣʲôôǿɶˣǵſɲ¡οǳ֣һһΡתһ˵
Ҳе
ԸΪһΡתһǣھٶȵһ׼ˡ
⣬ܹƽ޹ʻþŸ׼񼶱ķǵջҲǳ޴
˵Σա
ǶûЯˣǸԵҲ¡
ңôһ𣬳Ҷǳ˭ɱǣ
СһΣȻӹһ٣ѪǼһͲˡ˵
úõһ׼ȫпܷ磬Ȼø³
ǻҪԸҶǳ𣿡ʵոպҶǳԹҪȥԸҶǳˡ
δջ̫ˡ
ֻЦ˵ǲһǶʮ׼񼶱ķʱһʮ׼񼶱ķҶǳôǶ
˵Ҳԣʮ׼˭ܿ⣿
һʱˡ
ǳһĨЦݣŻؾķȥ
úǱִ˻ؾͻ½Ľ紦
ͬʱҲؾڵǧ֣λǿߣһˡ
ŶǶ׼񣬼λ׼ǧֲɵص˵ͷ
λ׼񣬼ϷǾʮλ׼
ǸҶǳˣܰ̽һղ̨¡
£ǧ־Ϳ˵λھͰ۷
Ƕæǧֹ̬ȹǧַǳ⡣
ǧʱתһƺ˷֮󣬱ǧֵ£ǰʥ档
ǰģһ˲̡˵
Ҳһš
ÿ˶оŸ׼ʵǿޱȣҶǳˡ
ǧһЦݵãȥɣ
ҲԵúܼѾ˶ʮսܣ˼ǧ꣬ڵʱˡ
ղ̨¡ǹϾҵˡǧֿʥķм
һߡ
ŶѾԶˡ
ʵǾֱȥʥӦҪʲô취Ҷǳأ
ҿֱȥ˲̵ļǳأҶǳҪɱ㣬ο϶ŭʮ칬ǾͿڰ·ˡ
˶˵ͷǳͬ
ɻΪʲôҪԸҶҶг𣿡

ͣסŲ㶵ؿ
ȻǧǰԸҶǳ𣿡
ҡͷڸıˡ
ˡ
üضʲô˼
Ҳ
ѾõôˣΪʲôҪԸҶɱҶʲôôȻûкôΣգǸҪȥ

ԶһĿɿڴ
ʲεԼĺӣŵؿ㡭ˣǧǰ
һں˵ڵǷ󣬻䵽أ
ڸʲôЩԺʵ
ЦؼңŬ£׼硣ʲôǧ֣ʲôҶǳԼȥʲô¡ԺԵڻˣһȾơ
˵ֱ꣬ˣĿɿڴĶʼˡ


1762 ŭ

ȥ˶һ
̫⧲ˡ
˵ҪҶǳģת۾͸ƭ˵ġ
˱һ㼤飬˲ʧˡ
һʱ䣬˶ûлع
ô죿㶵ʵ
ʿЦҾ˵еѾõôˣΪʲôҪȥҶǳƴƴ
ЦһҾҲԶˣʲôǧ֣бµȥҰɡ˵̤꣬նȥˡ
Ԩ̽ҲЦҵ󷨷ǧֻҪκβǡ
ǿɲӦ̽˵ͷ
ʿЦǾ͸ԻؼҰɣ˵ģԵڻȾưɡ


ʡ׷Цȥ
ǲ˲ɣǲõһΡתһõ˾Ÿ׼񼶱ķջʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵ǽ񣬷ʱЩ޷ߡ
ǣȫǵļ̳ЩӶʵ
ѾһΡתһĻᣬǷˣҲһ׼
ˣжǳмǧ֡
ǿߣǺ˰

ʥ档
ǧֵĶʮսܣѾִ˵أϢȴǹ̡
ǣǧֵ˺ܾãûпǵӰ
ţô£أ˵ȥأǧһɻ
ó磬ʼϵû˻Ѷ
һڸʲôǧüͷɫ
ڣΪǼ˸ˣϾֻǼϣôֵӡ
ٳϵǧҲЩżˣʮŸսܣԦһսܣʮ칬ĴӪǡȥ
ȻǧϿյʱʱüͷһ壬ЩԾ
Ϊǳڣһʥ˵ϢûиӦǳڵǿߣҲֻһ
ǧжʱһɲõԤС
ȥץסǸʵʮ칬أأ
ʱǵˣܵǧǿֲϢҲ֪˵ȥһʱ䣬ʮŻ
ǧԣ¶òѪ
Ρʮ󡭡
ǧ־ɵʱҲ֪Լˣˡ
أ
ǵĸֱӱǧˣѪ
⻹
ǧַպ󣬸һ̤ƽǡ
ԶķһƵĵͼǱ߳ŭǧֻٵһ㶼⡣
һǳضѣʱٽ켸
ںѾǰʮ칬ǿߴˣǱڻ½ء
ǧֲҵõңǧҲûôʱѰ
ԶǧչֳǿϢһЦ׼񼶱Ϣ֮⣬ֶΡǼ̽ӣٺ١
мؿһԶǧ֣תȥ
ǿôҺΣ


ǧ֮󣬱
ʣҳǧվڱ۶ȵ
ãڴһʱڱչأʲôҲ
ǧûðɡ
¿ȷıǼϸˣˡ
ǧֱŭ񹥻ű۶ĻǴȻûʲôá
б׼ڴ߶񼶻Ǵ󱬷ķҲ޷ڶʱڴƣο׼񼶱սܡ
ǧֹһʱ䣬ǹûжһ¡
ܻǧ֣ݺݵصǰĳǳأڻ翴ǣ
һݻǧֱ뿪ˡ
ʿȥǧ֣м
ǿΣв
ȥ磬ٺ٣ô˭֪󣬻ǧֵļʣʵ̫Сˡ

ʥ档
ǧǵĶڱĶȻ
ǧǰŸˣʾ֪ͨҶǳˡ
ڱȻҶǳΪУǾͽҶǳá
ԣ̵ˣ֪ǧҪˡ
㣬Żʱ䣬󷨡ë˵
˶ڷ󷨡
Ҷһǰ󷨣ʥ棬п
Ӵʥ棬Ѿ֩붴˷󷨡
ƽЩ󷨣ǧ־Ҫķһʱ䡣
Ͼô׼񼶱󷨣Ҳô׾ƽġ
䣡
æŲ󷨵ʱһɹǿϢʱʥ⴫
Ҷһ͸գʱͿ˶ʮµӰɢſֲϢ


1763 
ǧ֣ˣ
ҶһʥվĶʮǿӰȻҲǵһμǧ֣˲ϳˡ
Ϊʮ˵ϢսܵϢˡ
½˭жʮ׼񼶱սܣ
˭սܣ
ֻλؾ޷ⷽǧˡ
Сӣû뵽Ȼ֪ңǼϳˡ
ǧֿʥڵ󷨣ɵüͷһ壬漴Ҷһ˵СӣҸһᣬղ̨£㵽ǧ塣
ǧֱҶǳϷϻǿʥڵ󷨣֪Լܹƽ⣬ҲҪķһʱ䣬ԲſнҶǳ
Ǻǣ֮󣬻ᱻ䵽ķ㵱Ҳ֪𣿡Ҷһǧֵнɵó
ǧû뵽ղ̨¶㻹治ȻˣΪƾЩ󷨣Ҳܵסң
Կ֪ˡҶһ˵
ǧ֪޷нҶǳгɱҶһֻץղ̨£Щᣬڣһǲ̡
˵գǧֱٿŶʮսܣʥ棬񹥻󷨡
䡭
ʮսУʮսܣʵ졣
սһЩǶսܣ׼񼶱ԼʥڣʵҲûܵ˿Ӱ졣
¡¡
ʥ涼𶯡
ʮ׼ʮֲ̫ˡ
ϴѪĶʮ׼񣬺ʮսܱҲС׼ף̫ˡ
ϾʮԺ½
Ǽ󷨣ȥʱ䣡
Ҷһë˵
ҶһҶ˰˸ǰڣ󷨡
ҶţڰҶǳʱٴ󣬰塣
УҲʱٴ
ϴδѪһҶһУ߶󷨣ǧֵĹ
׼񼶱󷨷ǳǿ󣬸οҶһ˸׼ٿأʱ͵סǧǰĽŲ

ǧֿǰҶһˣɫޱȡ
Щ׼̫ˡ
Щ󷨣Ƿ͵ģҪƽ⣬ҲҪһЩʱ䡣
ǵģЩвѣȫƽ⡣
ƽҲҪʱ䰡Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳǺķһǧ겼õ󷨣Ȼడ
ֻ֮ˣ
ǧҧٿŶʮսܣ񹥻ǰ󷨡
еʮҲױȵǿ
˸Ҷǳķ˿Ҳܵ˾޴ѹ
ϾÿһսܵʵһʮǿԿġ
ҶһˣҲֻǧѶȶѣʱ䡣
ý罵٣Ҷһȡ
޴Ļýʮսסˡ
Ȼʮսڹʵûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ǧЦý粻ϧսܣĻýЧľһҪߡ
ȻҶǳľܳԽǧ֡
⣬㣡Ҷһüͷһ壬ľԷ߽״񣬿϶ڵ߲Σ
ԣĻýӰ첻˶Է
ϧҪȻԽǡҶһҡҡͷֻܼ
ʱ䣬ҲΪñĻﵽٷ֮١
ʱҶǳһ˾ܺɨЩսˡ
ҶǳҪһǧꡣ
ԣǵסһǧʱ䡣

ǧֹʥʱһӰҲʥ⣬ۿս
Щǻ½ǿ۵ͶӰûʲôսȴԽս
ʮλ׼ʮ˭ôǿȻ˲֪ǧֵݡ
˾ʺ
ԶĶЦ˵λǰǧ֣Ի磬ıڻؾ޷ֻЩܶԸҶǳ
ǿߣʺԴ󾪣漴Ǿɻˣô֪ô
ʺɻ󣬶Ц
ʥڣǧҲע⵽ЩսߣлбǼϡ
ǧҲ֪ЩֻͶӰû취㲻ᡣ
ȻǣǧַǳУ֪ץסղ̨Ҫı㲻ֵһᡣ
ǧֵֻܹεģٿսܣʥ󷨡
ϿǧռƵģƽ
ҶһǧƽٶȺ
ʥ̫ˣûм꣬ⳡս²棬ս뵽


1764 ս
ʥڣսš
ǧɫԽԽ̫ˣƽǳѣȫʱġ
ȥûм꣬޷ƽ⡣ҡ
ǧֵĿ͸գԿõʥмʮǿӰڲ󷨡
£һƽ󷨣Էڼá
ȥ˵ˣҪķһǧʱС
ǧбһʵ̫ˣҪһƾʥ档
ϧⷽԼ־ġ
ǽԻᱻⷽ־ɱ
ûʵ޷Կһ־
ϾⷽѾܶ񣬲ûеĳʼ档
־ǳǿ󣬶ңŵԽԽⷽ־ԽԽǿ
ǧһЩ棬޷룬־͸ǿˡ
Զˡ
ǧضǰʥ棬һ߲ٿŶʮսܼһ߰Ϣ߱

ؾ
ǧֱüͷһ壬û뵽Ҷǳ׼ʥڲô׼񼶱󷨣һʱҲЩͷۡ
Щ󷨣ֻƽ⣬û취ֻܺķʱˡ
Ҳܰװ׺ķʱ䡣
ԣǧּսܣÿһ꣬Ƴһ׼񼶱սܡ
ԣһʵǿҶǳվܵġ
ղ̨»᲻⼸ڷǧѾܲôˣֻܶһѡ
ղ̨²ô
ʵϣĶˣղ̨·úܡ
Ҷǳʱ䣬ֻΪɻˡ

ʥ档
һæŲ󷨡
ɶҶһ˵ʦʱԽҪҪҶɽٳЩսܣ
ղ̨µ£ѾԳ񾳽ˡ
Ϊ˵ȴղ̨һżѹΪġ
УڲܷҪǷˣô죿ղ̨³˹ŭŰɡ
ɿЦҪǵǧֹ󷨣ʱôֵ
ղ̨ҡͷ⿿ʮսܣǻֵܵסʦʵɲ
ɳô֪ǧ־Ͷʮսܣ˵źأ
Ҷһֵȱţʱǻܵסǧ֣ȵסˣپҲ١
˵գҶһͶ԰˵Ҷſ֧Ųסˣȥ滻Ҷš
ãɵ˵ͷҲ֪Ҷ֧ʱٴ֮ǰҶһֻҪæҶһҪֵǧֻ֣ȥֻˡ
ڰȥ֮ղ̨¿Ҷһʵܹס𣿡
ҪĲǵסǧ֣Ҫʱ䡣
ҶһԶĶʮսܣ˵ǧָܲϣ϶֪ͨǧʱǾ·һˡ
ԣǵǧָܵϣоʱ䣬ӵ
ղ̨ԣüҷǧܹ꣬ô𣿡
ҶһЦ񣬴ǳظϹҲҪʱɡ
ǵȻ۵ٶȾô죬ϹҲҪһǧꡣղ̨˵
ҶһЦͶˣԣֻҪһǧˡȻܹӳһ㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
ˣʲôҪҰæģղ̨ʵ
Ҷһֵһȥʱٴˡ
ղ̨µ˵ͷ뿪ˡ
Ҷһ߶󷨣ֵǧ¶ʮսܵĹ
һǧʱ䣬ܹס
Ҷһвûжٰա
ǧֻûеơ

ʥڵ󷨣Ѿǧֹһˣ⻹ëǼĽûëǼЩͱݻˡ
ȥǻܼ꣬պ㹻СӽˡëЦ
ûĶãǿϢӲԶʥ档
սܣȻǧƵģһ͹󷨡
ʮսܣɱҶһڽڰˡ
һôһӶսܣ׼񰡡ëŭ
꣬սܣӣҪһһսܡ
Ҳ˵ʱϵԽԵĵ˱Խǿ󡣡ɷǳ
Ҷһȵղ̨¹
ܿ죬ղ̨¾ͷˣһɫսףǳѤеһϽɫڣҲݡ
ҶһһһϹ۾æ˵ҵֵ
ҵģղ̨Ѿ׼ˣټһʵҶǳҪǿࡣ
ļ룬ǧֵĹƶʱˡ
ǧֲϲǰղ̨£Ц㲻һһ֣סˣٻҪһǧܷԲԣ


1765 󹦸
ղ̨һֶԸսܣǧֱͨʵϢҪòܴﵽ񾳽ˡ
Ҳ߽״
ȻⱾҲղ̨µɣڵΪǿԼģǼȻģǳйɣжϳ
һǧ꣬ٻʮսܣʱҾнʮսܣôֵ
ǧֹЦ
·ѾԼõǹưǳصĳˡ
ǧ֣ˣƾ㣬ץסң峤ࡣҪǹ϶峤ʲôҲòղ̨³
Ҷһһ룬ⲻǴ̼ǧ
ãǧִҪǹЦСѾͷ˵ˣҾҪǹٺ٣ǹΪǧһĳʲôҵõǹ󣬳Ϊ񣬳Ϊָ̫տɴǳҲ
ǧȻҰļ
Ҷһжʱˡ
ôҰ֧ţǧ־Բ֪ͨλǧ峤ġ
οĿǰ״ǧкܴʤϣΪʲôҪ֪ͨǧ峤ʤʵ׳
ҶǳĻ弴ɹ飬ǧֿɲ֪
˵ǧˣ½ǿҲ֪
Ͼ˭Ҳ뵽Ҷǳٶô죬׼죬Ҳ죬˭Ҳ벻ġ
ǵӡУܹ׼񾳽磬ǾѾ漣ˡ
񾳽磬Ҷǳ԰õҲôɡ
ôҲи껺尡
ǶҶǳģҲΪҶǳڶ̶ǧڳѾ漣ˡ
ʵϣҶǳʱٴס
澭Ͼǻ۵ĹЧȻǻ½ܹġ
ǿٶȺܿ죬ڻ磬ΪۼĹʵǺĹЧ
ʵϣٻ磬ӴԴҶǳٶȻ졣
Ҫʱ䡣
ҶһһߵֵǧֵĹһ߶ղ̨´
û취СѾͷ̫ˣţˡ
һղ̨µսǿǧҪʮսܲܵסղ̨¡
Ѿͷ㸸׶㻹ãһϽװҲǾŽ׵ǧֿղ̨һҲĽ
ղ̨µһװϴļֵҪߵöࡣ
ûϵץסѾͷЩͶˡ
ǧּ󷨡
ղ̨µļ룬ǧٶȴˡ
ǧֲżѾ֪ղ̨µˣ֪Լһǧʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬㹻Ƴʮսܣԣʱϳʤƽһߡ


ʥ棬ʱٴڣҶǳ
άеİɣʱ͸ӦҶǳѣɵʦɹ𣿡
ʱԳɹѹסˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ߳ʱٴ
ĻѾ%99.999999999999ֻҪһʱܴﵽ%100񾳽硣
ֻһٱȻή٣ҲڶʱڱƵķ硣
ǧֵΣûнҶǳڿɲܷ
ʦΪҪѹΪӦֱͻƣȻЩս𣿡
ɻʦ»֪һǧǧʮսܣսѾﵽʮˣֻʣһˣֵֻܵꡣ
ҶǳҡͷǧҲģʱԽЩսܣһǧֿɹϣ϶֪ͨǧʱǾΣˡ
ɻȻ漴üô죿ҲֻӰʱ䡣
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦǻӸʱ䡣
˵գһץǰɡ
ھʹȥ֧ԮҶһǣļ룬ǾӸʱˡ
Ҷǳ԰˵
ɶʱӦҶǳ󹦸ɣѾҪˡ
һǾǿܶս
Ͼǳǿһа׼ҶһһʵȻǴǿˡ
£ɾʹǰҶһЭֵǧֲٿصʮսܡ
ļ룬Ҷһǵʵʱǿ࣬ٶǧֵĹơ
ǧ治ɫɨһ۰ɣмҲֻʱ䣬ʱҪ
֪ҶǳǻԿЩ֣ûκε⡣
ԼѾʤȯˡ


1766 ʱ
ʥڵսһǧ꣬ĹսҲսһǧꡣ
ûԵòͷΪսҲѵһһǻǿߣ˭Ը
һսĻ泤һǧˣ֪ʲôʱŻֳʤʸ̾
Զ˵Ϳֳʤˣǿֻ̾ʣһ󷨷ˣֵܹꡣ
ҾҶǳСӿ϶к֣粻ãƫƫʱãЩΪʲô϶ʲôɸ˵Ŀġ²
ЦϾֻѵܿȥ󷨣ҲӲ˶á
ѵûзҶǳı𣬵ڶûг֣һֱֻľŸսȻ˵
ʻȻıһֱûг֣ϰµĲСӿ϶ʲô֡
ǻſϷɣ˭ʤ˭ǶûӰ졣ο
ɨ˱һۣЦʵοѾʱԽ񾳽˰ɣ
ʡ¶΢ЦԵò÷
ǧֵİ£֮ͨƷⷬҲͻĹؿʱ̤񾳽硣
һԵйæһʵ׼ʲôʱ
أʿ˵ϼһǸӴǧ֣ôڻ
һЦҺǲһǵ£񡣶ʮ칬֮⣬涼һȺһǱŶûУҵȻҪ̳ߺܷ
Цһ֪ǷĻ
ʵϣЩ˴˶Ρ
ֵ֮ÿЩǰȻ󡭡ץȥڿ
Цֻ
ڶǣ˴˶б˴˵ԭ򣬻ǺǧֺҶǳԾĽʱŷ
Ⱥһʲôʱϵôã
Զʺվһ𣬿ŲԶۼһĶʡǣЩɻ
ͬǻ½ľͷ֮һȴų⡣
֪ƳǱһۣƲЩ֣Ȼû侮ʯ
ЦϴαҶˣڲҲˡ
˵Ҷܹס𣿡ʥ棬ʵ
ڵҲȷˡ
Ͼǧչֳʵ̫ǿˡ
ʮսܣʮ̫ǿˡ
û󷨵Ļ˲ͻᱻݻ١
Ҷıûг֣Σʱ̶ûг֣Ҳ϶к֡˵
ⶼǲ²⡣
Ͼʵˡ

ʥ档
ҶǳëʱѯʵǲõĻд𣿡
ˣͲһˡʱͷ
ëü󷨣Ҫ֮ӵ㹻Ļ֮𣿡
Ҷǳ΢΢Цڱ˵ֻڶɽʱܻȡ֮ռھͿԴϣͿǰȡ֮
ǻʲôëʱ˵˻֮񼶴ˣʱǲ̾󷨣ԺҲõİȫˡ
Ҷǳҡͷڻܴ󷨣һǧֵַĻ϶ٻǧһ
ë˵ھͲһǧ꣬ղ̨Ǿܷˣ˵𣬼λ񼶱ǧ峤ҲҪǧʱ䡣ʱղ̨¶ˣʲô
ҵ߳ŭǲ̡Ҷǳ˵
ë
Ӧòɣղ̨泤Ҳ˵ˣϽ棬ܵ־ķɣҲܵһЩ˺ԷӦòΪЩϣǨŭǰѡʱ˵
ҶǳҡͷȫעҪȫ׼
ԡǻҪʱ䣿ë˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷֻҪӸ꣬ʱ򣬼ǧôŭҲϵǧ峤ˡ
Ϊʲôʱɻ
ë۾һͻȻ˵ˣʱǧֻ治ϵ峤
ʱɻˡ
ҶǳЦŽ͵ʱǧѾ޷ǧ峤ˣķ˼ǧ֪꣬ͨ峤ΪʲôΪ޴ҰģΪǧҪǹ˵ǧֻǧ峤֪𣿵ʱǧ峤һǨŭĶǧ֡
Ҳԣǧ֪ͨǧ峤ĻôǧѾץղ̨ˡôǧȻҰǧ峤ʱȻ
ҶǳЦԣҪлǧֵҰģûҰģһһΪǧ忼ǵĻǾ군ˡ


1767 ڤ粻
ʥ棬д
Ҷǳվڴ֮УëʱЦȻʱû֮󣬵ȴû档⣬ţֻҪ򣬾ܷӳǿķ
׼𣿵׼񣬷ӳҲסǧʮսܰɡë˵
Ҷǳҡͷ׼ҪԽ׼޽ӽǸ𣬾ڣ޽ӽ񾳽硣
Ҳֻһˣë˵
ҶǳЦ̹սҵϲΪһ̹žˣȻʵǲңҲԶԶһ׼ˡ
ҲԣľŸֻ̹žˣ㣬Ҳֻˡë˵꣬㿴ԶɫӰЦˣټղ̨¡
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ƻղ̨¡
Ȳ̵һ󷨱ƺ󣬱дڼϡ
дΧǣǲһռߡ
ʱǧֻ֪Ҷǳļƻڷ񹥻ǰ󷨡
Щ󷨣ëǲõһˡ
Ϳˣܻ꣬ˡ
ǧ˷ܡ
ȥ꣬ղ̨Ҳ
ʱû󷨷ղ̨£θʮսܶ
ҶǳȻǿ󣬵ֻҪʮսܣסҶǳ
ղ̨£Եסʮսܣܹסʮս
ڰɣ﷢Ӳ׼սֻǿǿսһסһսܶǿı䲻ս֡
ǹעҵġ
ǧŵЦݡ
·Ѿõǹɾ̫񣬰ӻ½ˡ
ʵϣǧֵȷɹˡ
꣬ǧսܣͺһݣѹ˲̣׻˲̵ķ󷨡
ǣѾǰˡ
ֻʣһǴˡ
ҶǳͶɣ
ǧֲٿʮսܣֳʮǰĲǣмͿһ׼񼶱󷨣ܹ֧ŶãʮꣿǰꣿͶҵĿֻղ̨£ЩϣɱǿԷġ
ǧ⵹û˵ٻУҶǳЩ˵ȷֻϣΪһȺ϶ŭ
Ȼǰõղ̨¡
ֻҪõղ̨£Ͼͻ뿪ⷽ棬𣿷ŭЦ˵õǹҪġ
ҶǳЩˣѵҧһڣ㻹Ҫҧȥ
ǧֿɲԸһȺϵ̫౦ʱ䡣
ǵҹζ࣬һõղ̨£ǧֿ϶뿪ȥǹ
ǧ֣ˣٷϻҲ١Ҷǳڳˣվڣңңǧֲٿصʮսܡ
ǧֿԶҶǳЦıڳˣͿһ󷨣Ҫסңֱ˵Ρ
ǧֵ£ʮսܣʮһɿֲĺݺݵسǰĻд
ʥƺڲ
ڻдڣҶǳľŸΪ̹žˣҶǳıղ̨£ţķ˼ޡ
֮⣬ҶǳĻҲϯƴסƬأǧֲٿصʮսҲûȥ
ţȻǻȻֶΣ
ǧָԼսܱɵüͷһ壬ɫ
ܿ죬ǧֱЦƾҲ꣬Ӱ˰꣡
˵꣬ǧҡͷ˵ֺαأϵղ̨·ʱ·һѵԸˣΪ˱סǲʶõղ̨£
ҶǳЦֻҪӵղ̨½񾳽磬Щսܾˡ
ΣǧЦղ̨¿ɸǲһᡯɲʲô󷨣ΪҲ޷Ϊǲ󷨡ʱǡȰǻֱͶʮΣ
ٷϻҶǳøǧּϻǵʲôֶΣԲҪʱ䣬ֱӾͳȥǧֲٿصЩսˡ
ٷ֮ٵĻ壬ֱ٣ƾǿĻ壬Ҷǳһ˾Щ׼񼶱սܡ
׼Ȼֻһ׼֣˫ʵȴر
ڤ粻飡
ǧȵȻҹ֮󣬾Ⱥϳ
ʮսܣƷһ㣬һдۣǰĻд
л֣ʲôֻܿһųҵĹâڻ֮б


1768 
ǧַĹУֹʱ䣬ҶǳٿصĻдҲԵ᧿Σˡ
ǧһսܵѾﵽʮˡ
˿̵ǧ֣Ѿţмؿǰҡҡ׹ĻдߵҶǳھҪͶҲˡ
һʱ䣬ܹﻹҪҶǳͶ
ҪɱȺϣ֪ð߽״ʲô³
ʱˣ
дУҶǳŲԶǧ֣һЦ漴ڰɵ𺳵ĿУһ档
һƽûкƴҲûʱջңڹ⻬羵ռУȴӲͳһڶʳĻ֮
ǻ磡ɵΪҲΣܹܵһ˿
ǴˣҲ¶֮ɫ
ϷǳӲһ˿ԴƵġ
ϲӦ˵ǼӲء޷ݡ
ʥϣҲӦϣ˵Ҫˡ
ֻе㾳絽ˣŻӦϣʱʸȥϡ
һΣôķˣֻдϣܻɡ
ԣҲгߡ
棬֮ϡ
֪ҶǳѾﵽһˡ
Ȼûдﵽ%100Ļ壬ƾҵռټȻԴϡ
Ҷǳǰĺڶ漴һץӴĻ֮ŻдŹעȥ
䡭
дھҵ
˻֮ļ룬׼񼶱Ϊ󷨡
ԭ᧿Σҡҡ׹󷨣˿̱ɲ⣬һƬ纣˿Ǳ
磬ǧֲٿʮսܼЩȴƺ󺣣ûûд˿
ô£
ǧͫһоЩԻ
ôոջ᧿Σ󷨣ôһת۾ͱ͸ˡ
ǿ͸дķһǿ౶
ֱܣ
ô£
ǧԻѡ
ûв²д񼶡
ϾֻܴϣӵӴĻ֮ܲ󷨡
ѵô̵ʱڣ
Բܡ
Ϊͻ٣סġ
ûгǾԲܴϵġ
ռǧֲûȥ룬Ϊռ̫֮ˣڻ磬ҲǶѵһ
οռ֮ƣɵ˲Żȥռ֮
ҲǧȻȻغֲ²⡣
ɹˣ
дڣϲɫ
ǧֲϵĹȴдĹĻûжҡɼѾ񼶣
󷨣ǲ̲ȹ̵ĵλëЦ˿ĸо
Ͼǰ̶ǿҶǳ壬һҶǳˣô̵ʵȻ
ڣ󷨣ǲ̲ڲ֮ء
ʦδܲ󷨣һǿ㲼öٸ󷨣ͻȻ˵
Ҫܲ󷨣һôڻ½ʱͷǳݣԲһ󷨣ҲǸ̺Ϊʲôֻһ󷨵ԭ
ҶǳһҶǳڻδ벼öپͲöٸֻҪԴ㹻㲼á
ֻҪһ첻Ͳ뿪½
˵Ĳ
ë۾һæ˵ô˵ǻԶ಼ü󷨣ǲ̶켸̵ıݡ
һԵʥϾΪǲ̻ҪһܲԻҪһ󷨡
ȷʥ棬಻㡣
ˣΪᱻܵƺܴ
ֻЩģûжٸо
ʵϣ½һ߷ǳϡ١
Ͼÿ˶Ҷǳ壬ͨϺʥ˾硣
ԣ˻ѡ
һΪʥƣҲಹ̵ĵӸо
ʥ棬ΪԱĵطȴΪӪЩ谭̵ķչ
ҶǳҲ֪ͷȽǧ֣Ǿȥ沼һ󷨣صѪ̣
Ѫ̣ëЩȵؿҶǳ
ҶǳЦаչѪ̵󷨡
ʲôԽ𾪡


1769 ս޵
һ𾪵ı飬ҶǳЦ˵ȻǿҪסĹҲѣǰΪ޷󷨣Ϊڻ½ʱǳݡ
ɵ˵ͷ˵һﵽ񾳽磬ͻܵ־ĵֿᱻȥңֵĴԽ࣬ܵԽԣ಼һ󷨣Ҫȥ
ҶǳЦ˵ΪˣЩ޷󷨣Ϊǵʱ䲻ˡҲһȻĹȴԣҿһֱڻ½ʹʱ乥󷨡
ë֮󣬺ݺݵһ֣ǻʲôȸɵǧ֣ȥѪ̡
½ҪһˡЦ
ɷǸпǰǰǶ󷨣޾һСڣǷʧȥôǿ϶һƬ
ҶǳתͷսܣЦ˵ǼȣǧֲּסˣٳȥʰЩսܡ
㻹СģëЦھղ̨·ֻʣˣƴҲϲοǧҲ֪ͨǧ峤ˡ
ҶǳٺЦغȫȻҪһЩǲںһʱ䡣
˵öԣǵȷںһʱ䡣
ǧȴżˡ
ٿʮսܣϵعǰĻд󣬵ȴһôûУˡ
ô£
ΪʲôҵĹûô
ķôôǿ
ǧŭ
ɹǰȴǳġ
ǧ֣ҪʧˡڣҶǳһЦؿǧ֡
ǧֿҶǳһۡ
һ۾ͿҶǳΪʥ۷壬׼񾳽硣
ʵȻǿ׼񣬶
ԣɲܲó󷨡
ô
ǧֿǰĻдйâ˸²ʲôطͻȻǿķط϶ûһۣǱȻֲ˶á
ǧ־ԼĲ²пܣûзսǹд
ʵϣҲֻôˡ
ֻʣʱ䣬֪ͨǧ峤ԷҲ޷ʱϹˡ
ʱǧ峤ŭ𣬿϶Ҫйͷϡ
˭ǧһ壬ûмʱղ̨µϢȥ
ԣǧ־ΪԼСҲϢǧ峤
¡¡
ǧֲٿʮսܣϵعŻд
ȻЩ˲д󣬵ͼš
ǧԼĲ²⣬Ҷǳܲó󷨣һʹʲôطһֲסġ
֧£ǧְꡣ
ʱǧٿصսܣѾﵽʮˡ
Ȼǧȴˡ
Ϊղ̨³ˡ
վڻдУղ̨һЦؿǧ֣Цǧ֣ʧˣʱԽ񾳽硣ҰĴû֪ͨǧ峤ھͱǧץˡ
ǧһʵؿղ̨£漴ֿҶǳЩĵʵΪʲôΪʲôôǿʲôط
طҶǳҡͷһЦ߳дһȭֱӴһսܣ漴һɨȥΧʮսҲɳȥ
޵еʵˣǧ֡
ô᣿ʵǧͫһ۾Ҷǳš
ҶǳЦ˵ܹ㣬ֻǵ֪ͨǧ峤ԲŹʱ䡣
ǧɫʱޱѿ
ʥ⣬Щʡȹսߣȫһ
ǣֱоһ֮ıޱȵҡ
лˣֹȥԸҶǳھΣˡ̲סл
Ҳ׷׸л
ЦҲ֪ôǿǻڹŹһ飬СԺǧ
ѣʶҶǳ־ʮ׼񼶱սܣﻹҶǳ
ҶǳսѾԶԶ׼ڻ½޵ˡ
ҶѵǳʵҲ̫ǿˡԶ֮̾ɫ
ҡͷΪʥ۷壬׼񾳽磬ս̫ǿˣЩͻƣҲԶˡ
һ񣬼ֱ󣬴ǻ½ʷһΡȻҲҶǳΪ磬ԲŸ


1770 Ѫ
ʥ档
ҶǳеʮսһһܣĨȥٿǵǧֵӡǣЩսܳΪ˻ˡ
ǧ֣Ҳòл㣬Ϊǲôսܡ
Ҷǳǰʮսܣг˸ˡ
ЩսѾĨȥǧֵӡǣѾΪսˣʱëܱëٿˡ
ʮ׼񣬶һʥڷӳȫսֱһɿԺɨ½޵ս
⣬õʮԼǱǶʮһ
Ȼеղ̨͸ɵģҪɴȥ硣
ʣµʮҲò޵ڻ½ˡ
֮ǿĵ̣ǲԺڻ½κƣ춨ǿĸ
Ҷǣ
ؾǧңңʥķս˫ȭҧгݡ
һֱûҶǳû
һֱɵĶֻղ̨¡
ΪУղ̨ºһԻ磬Ķ֡
ⷽ飬һȺˡ
ǧû뵽ΪҶǳϣƻļƻ
Ҷǳղ̨²ӵóġ
棬ҶǳҲָȻˡ
ǧ̾Ϣ
óҶǳһԽ˵ţȻ̤񾳽硣
֮УҲǷǳϡٵġ
Ȼˡ
ֻ˵̫ˡ

ʥ档
һȺ˺ƺƵ
ҶǳŲ̵ˣεسѪ̡
Ǿôڸ߿УͬѹѹһƬƣѪǰ
ҶǳľŸǰ棬ǰɺղ̨£ȻǾӡﳤշ򸾡ΪѩЩʥ۷塣
ëҪʥ棬ʣ¶̸ֶˡ
˾޴Ķ½ע⡣
Ҫʲô
Ҫˣ
Ѫ̵ķ򣡡

½۷׷ף˶ڲ²ⲹҪʲô
ֱҶǳЩ˽Ѫ̵ĵ̣ǲףҪԸѪ̡
ҶҪѪ̣
ͷһæͶӰѪ̵ĵ̡
Ǻܺ棬ҶǳҪιѪ̡
ϾѪ̿񼶵ػҲơ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀ⣬еѪ̡
ôĶѪҲûз֡
Ѫ̽ңңԶĲһˣмЦҶǳԴΪڻ½޵ˣ빥Ѫ̵󷨣ֱ롣
Ҳ޷󷨣עͽ޹һѪ̵ʥҡͷ
һλʥЦȻˣƴԺֻ˱ᣬˡ
ߵȵ⣬νˮתѪֻҪһֱڣһ𡣶ǲ̣Ҳ˥һ졣
Ѫ̵ʥ˵ͷҲֻβ˥ˡ
ͬʱҲʼӶŵֻҪţʲôƣǶص
Ҳǻ½
ϾһҶǳ֮˭֪᲻ٳֵڶš
ĳȱݺܴҲҪãҲҪǸԼǰһʧҶǳš
Ѫ·
Ѫ⣬Ҷǳվڸ߿Уһ˵
ô꣬վ˻½۷塣
һʱ䣬Ҷǳӿ޺顣
󣬲̵һˣҲݵؿҶǳ
ˣǲ̣۷塣
̣ҲΪ½һ̡
ԲѣҶǳʹԼûɱ㣡Ҷǳŭ
γ֣ûɱҶǳҶǳĽա
Ҫֻ֣ܹ̫ˡҶǳ˵겻ٷϻеǰѪ̻ɽȥ
һЦݣҪ󷨣Ϊ𣿾Ҳ󷨣
𣿡
ҶǳЦһеڻ֮Ĺע£ޱҫ۶ĿĹâ
һʱ䣬ضˡ
ǡ
Զս˵ɴ۾
ǸĿɿڴΪиܵ˻֮Ϣ
ǣֻл֮
ǵܹ֮ǿǧֵİ
ǻ֮СӾȻ֮Ļ֮ӳˡ
ؾǧֻû뿪һĻ¶ݡ
֪ԼΪʲôʧˡ
ҶǳȻô֮ôд󣬿Ѿˡ
ңԻ֮߶ټҶǳռ⼸Ѿ񼶱սˡ


1771 
ǲ
ر˺ˣֲĽâҶǳеϼݺݵնǰ󷨹Ļϡ
ʱ󷨶ڲ˽µĴҲһ𶯡
ѷ죬󷨵ĹΧ˷ȥ֩һء
ô
Ѫ̣Ų󷨣˼ŶҶǳ
ǰҲ׼񹥻󷨣󷨹ĻҲˡ
󷨲Ψ񼶱͡
ѵҶǳˣ
ԣû٣ûг񡣡ҡҡͷ
ٽ٣Ը˿ԼĽ
һ٣½ܸӦĵ
Ҷǳܳˡ
ǲ
ڵԻʱҶǳٴιˡ
Ȼ񼶵󷨷ǿֻҪȥԹơ
ͨͬÿγ֣־ĿܣûãҪ־ȥ
ԣ޷󷨡
Ҷǳܵ־һֱȥ
Ѫ̵Ļɽ󣬿ԵסҶǳһѵܵסҶǳһ
䡭
Ҷǳһδն޴󷨹ĻȥƼҪ󷨶ҡҡ׹ˡ
Ѫ̵ǿߣ˿ѾŵѪɫ
̶ȣѾҶǳǷܹˡ
ô
Ϊʲôôǿ
ûгôǿô
һȻ
ǴûѪ̾ȻҲмһ졣
Ҫ֪ǿ󷨰
Ѫˡ
Ѫ̵󷨼ֲ˶ˡ
ҶĹĪѾﵽΣ
ԶһȺսߣ˿̽һ𺳡
֮󣬱һƬ־塣
Ǳʡǡ
Ѫ̵󷨵סҶǳôǵȻҲס
Ҳ˵ֻҪҶǳԸ⣬ڿ½κһͳһ½⡣
ϾҶǳʵ̫ǿˣʮ׼񼶱սܣټľŸԼɵˣ׼ʮˡ
Ҷǳ˿ֳ̱ǿʵټʮ׼Ժɨ½ˡ
ô죿
ҶǳѪ̺󣬻𣿡
ʣжǡ
ʺҲǽ˹
һȺ½ľͷ˿̶Щҵš
ȻǶˡ
ʿ˵ҶӦòôɣҶЩ˽⣬ûôҰģౣ֤ǲ̴ǿѡ
һɫ򶨵ʣɵЦ𣬲ҪΪϵãͻŹڳλʵ˵ӵҶǳ˿̵ʵǻŹ˵ҿ϶˵ͳһ£ǰһֱ棬˿ս
ʡǳĬ
ҲĬˣӵҶǳ˿̵սҲôѡ
λǲܰ˽ҲôǱ뷴
Щ֮Уʮ칬û󷨣˿̸Σա
ЦôҶһ˾ʮսܣǾĶ֣οڻʮսܣô
˳Ĭһʱ䡣
ʵǷǳпġ
ǵʵһҶǳ
ʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳѾʵڻ½޵ˡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻһƻ
һǣ˵ҪԸҶǾֻˣԣֻǽΪȻֱһͱ÷磬޷ڻ½ͣˡ
ԣʱ۾һ
ҲǴϲЦ𣬻취ǳá
ʵͷ⣬ڳ˸ˣڶаʱ̤񾳽硣ҾͲţ˸񣬻Ҷǳ
ʹЦҶǳǻһܹùûгһסǰ˸֡
ҲҪɱֻҪ񾳽ˡЦ
Ȼȥ׼ҶѪ̺󣬴Ҿһ񡣡˵
˸ͬʱʷҲѵһעҪʷᡣЦ
˵ǧ˵һɽٷȵҲһ𣬵ʱһиӦ
ߣϼһڲŸǣ˵㻹жˣߵ
ҡҡͷûм˵ֱ뿪ˡ
ϼһ
Σֻܰһȥ
Զ
ҶǳƳһۣûᣬѪ̡
ʵѾηˣ½ԸҲ޾һС


1772 ˸
ʮʱ䣬תۼš
Ѫ̵Ļɽ֧ŲסҶǳӲ˺ˡ
󷨵ı½µѪ̣Ҳʷ
֮ʣҲѪ̵˷ͷߣҶǳǰЩ˸Ӳ
ʱһҶǳֱӷգѪ̵һӲġ
Ҳ˵Ѫ̾ʹˡ
Ͼ棬Ѫ̻һЩͼĵӣеĵӶѪ̡
ˣһЩͼӣǼϣһ١
ûãЩֻСèֻڲ̵в0
οʧȥ󷨣ѪؽҲ̡
һգѪٶȵһλ񣬲ؽѪ̡
ҶǳҲܲôãѾΪ̴ۻĸԺĲֻ̣ܽȥŬˡ
׼ȥˡ
Ҫȥˣôȥˣ㻹ǵ𣿡
Ҷǳ񷡣
ڴʱһҵ磬ķŭ˺Ѳ񷣬½գݺݵ
Ҷǳͫһһ֮Уܵ˿ֲ־ѹеս
˲䣬Ҷǳ֪ˡ
٣˽ˡ
ɷ˹֮ɫ
Ҷǳ˵ʲôþȵģǼʺͽнİգٵλãӦǶʽˡ
Ҷǳû˵꣬һ˺Ѳ񷣬ݺݵ򱱷ķ
ҲˣɳԾ
⻹û꣬Ǽ˺Ѳ񷣬½
Ҷǳһ£а˵磬˸λ
ЩһﾹȻѡͬһ񣡡ɸо˼顣
ҶǳҲЩݣһյ˸ڻ½ʷϣҲеġ
£̵ǿҲ˲ѹѪ̵ı׷׷գңңۿԶɽٵİ˸׼
˸׼ɽ٣ѵõĳ棬ûԸ
ҶǳҲڹۿ
Щɽٵ˷ֱӦ̽Ԩ̽ʡʡʣʡ
ȴҶǳ֮⣬½˸ͷȻѡͬһɽٽ
½䶯ˣ𺳲ѡ
עʷһ졣
಻Ľ֮У˸׼ԡ׵ϴ񣬽ΪɢŰ˹ǿϢ
ԶԶȥư˸̫գ½
ǰ˹ǿϢ˶еѹ֡
Ȼû֪˸񣬴˿Ƿǳġ
һ죿ôܣͫһɫѿ
ʵɴ۾ţҾȻֻڻ½һ죡
־ңȻô󷨵ʱ䶼ûСԾ֮ɫ
üͷô¼أֵĻڻ½һֲ꣬󷨣ֻܴʮֹ꣬ĻֻܴʮꡣڣҾ㲻֣ȻҲֻܴһ죿
浱µļز԰ôֻһʱ䣿һܹʲô͵Ӹ𣿡Ҳ˼顣
Щ½ȫˡ
־ֻһʱ䣬һʱܹʲô
ٶٿ죬һʱ䣬ҲֻܹҶǳкǱҶǳ

ŭѣʱҲ޿κˡ
ûʱҶǳˣҪϽ¡
Ϊ˷ֹҶǳǵɣҪǰɳһ־Ӣӻɢ֮УԼ»֡
ʣֱͨϵҶǳϵϵ飬ŪҶǳһĪ
ˣҶǻټʱҺúģȾơʺҶǳ£һϵ֮󣬱ˣҲҪˡ
Ҷǳ˳磬һĪ
ûҶǳ˼ԱߵİͻȻˡ
ʦҸӦ־ѹڱҽ񡣡æ˵
ҶǳһʵղҲӦˣ־ͻȻʩѹôǿңԼܼ֡
ǰȻһżҸоֻּܼ죬ѹ̫ǿˣ֮ǰ֮иӦĻҪǿ󡣡
ţôҶǳԣҲЩԾ·־һӱǿˡ
ʱղ̨·˹˵Ǻģ־Ҳǿһ棬һӵ˰˸־Ҳǿˡ
ʦ𣬿ֻһˡɿҶǳЩơ
ǱԼһģһڷǻͬһ˴ҲиӦ
ڿֻȷˡ
ϾҶǳҪڻ½ٶȲһ󷨡
Ҫʮʱ䣬ǵȲôá


1773 
һƵİɣҶǳοһ£˻磬һҪ͵ԱΪղ̨µ⣬һܱ¶˭Ҳš
˵꣬Ҷǳղ̨£˵˻磬а취ϵղ̨𣿡
ղ̨ҡͷϵ̫ˣǿûǻĶչȻǳأôǷҲһǳءõĻֱӳղ̨ƵķȻҲпܳǧƵķ
Ҷǳɫһ䣬ΣԱǰᡣǳղ̨ƵķǳǧƵķǶҪ⡣񵱳ǧ֣Ǳղ̨壬Լղ̨ˣҲΡ
ղ̨µ˵ͷҲҶǳ˵е
Ҷǳɣȵ͵ʵлǰղ̨ĴӪٱ¶Ҳ١ңлҲȥղ̨ĴӪϡ
ãʦౣأɵ˵ͷʵӵҶǳ
Ͼղ̨ëԽɱС
ңղ̨ǰ͸˵ˣȽа취Ѹʵ
ԣԱİպܴ
Ҷǳ֮Ҫͼʼֲ֪ҪΣ
ƺ˰ɵĵǣҶǳˬЦҪҵģʦҿǴӷһ𣬲֪˶Σȥ˻磬Ҳġ
Ҷǳгš
һˣս½һߣľš
ɣղ̨¸ǿһǵ㣬Ҷǳǿ̫ˡ
ԣ޷Ҷǳǹ޵
ǳصĵͼղ̨أҸӡһݣȥɣϣʱղ̨óһʯҶǳ
Ҷǳϲ˵ͼǿǷܶࡣ
Ͼڻ磬һ֪
˵ͼǳأ·
лղ̨ˣǻټҶǳ˵ͷʯ
ʦ𣬸ǣɵ˵ͷ漴ղ̨һˣҪ׼һ£Ϳʼɽ١
Ҷǳ׼ȥ󷨣ȴͻȻյϢ
Ҷܷʮ칬һ·ֱʵ
Ҷǳһ漴ƺ뵽ʲô¶Цݡ
ЩΪʲôͬһˡ
ԭǿѪ̣ԺˣҪڳ󣬱Ҳ
û뵽һͬⷽ־ǿˡ
뵽ҶǳϷŰ㵱ǶҳˣҪҷŹʮ칬
ҶҲȲѣο֮Ҳ˽ף֮ǧֹʱҿû侮ʯЦдʮ칬һ·Ժȥ˻磬Եһ顣
Ҷǳֵˣҷģʮ칬ٴˡתһһ˶ʮ칬ڲҲС
⡭ЩɣһԺʮ칬ͻὥʧȥתһˣӴԺŹڲˡ
Ҷǳ˵ҲᣬԼǰɡ
ãҴӦ㡣ĵ̾˿ֻͬˡ
ʧȥ˾תһʮ칬ܼڡ
һҶǳʮ칬ֻ·һˡ

һ֮Ƕˣһҫ۵ĽɫУʧڲϿա
ɺղ̨£Ҳһɽˣ˫˫񾳽硣
½ߣһˡ
̶֮䣬½͵ʮλ
˲˼ǣһҾ͵񣬻Ҷǳڡ
Ѿʵ޿ĵһˡ
ֹһ죬Ҷǳ˵£ղ̨ºͰ˫˫ȥˡ
ԴˣҶǳҲͿʼ󷨣Ĺ˼硣
ΪҶǳڰɺղ̨½ⷽ־øǿˣʱѾˣ־ʱ̱
ⷽ־øǿˣڿҲˡ
ؾǧҲ˰ɺղ̨ȥɫǳѿ
֮ڴ˵أҪҶǳйеŭ
ⷽ־øǿˣҲȥˡ
սܣ׼񼶱սѾȥˣֻʥ۷弶սܡ
ּսܣ˵вҶǳˣ̶в
̲Ҷǳʮ׼񼶱սܣһʥ۷弶սܣҲɱġ
𶼱ˡ
ǧŭ죬һⷽ棬ۣ뿪˻ؾ
ղ̨·֮һǳĳطһлץס˵ãҵ
ǧֻԼˡ


1774 ӡ
ʮҶǳѪ̵ԭַ²һд
Դˣǲ̾󷨣һʥ棬һѪԭַ
طǲԺ̱ݡ
ú󷨺ҶǳͿʼˡ
ˣʮսܵĿȨë
֮Уëεġ
Ҳֻëܱ֤̼ǿ
ҶǳľŸûмսܣһʱ䲻ˣѾʮսܣҪټˡ
ȻҶǳҲû˷ѵΪЩ˶ʥ۷塣
һУҶǳëǵΪþתһģٶȺܿ죬ǳԣҪѸʱȹΪȻܽ׼񡣴ý׼һҪѹΪڽʱøǿһЩҲǿ
İɣסë˵ͷԵЩߣϾҪҶǳֱˣһ𣬲֪ʱ
ԼҲҪڻСģʵ͵ʱţҪղ̨ǧ飬ҲҪȥղ̨ǣǱҪǿöࡣë漴
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ˣЦ˵λȥǰվˣǷʱǺȾơ
ЦЦ

뿪֮Ҷǳǰʥ档
ʥ棬һصĵط
ѹ˵Ϊ׼Ϊѹˡ
Ҷǳã½˵Ϊء
ԣҶǳ׼ڷ֮ǰٶ̽һʥ档
ôʥ棬ʵʱٴһֱû̽ʥ档
ѾһУڿһԼĺˡ
ңӵǿҶǳԼʥΣա
ʥƶĴϣҶǳһ·ߵʥ
ǲ̵ĵӣҲ㡣
طγɵģǺģģ
ҶǳдɻĿ⴩͸գ̽ʥ
ڼ䣬˲ħѨ
磬ڵħѨҲ㲻̽
ЩħѨ
ЩħѾ½ɱˣʣµСèֻв½
ҶǳɢǿϢһʥ
˺ǿϢ
𣿡
Һмɱǡ

ħǣһµؿҶǳıӰ
ҿҶǳûȤ׾پɱǡ
ЩЩ꣬½ԽԽǿˣħѾû˳ͷ֮գֻյĵطˡ
Ҷǳ̤գʥѾˣǰ֮ˡ
ڴ˵أҶǳҲҵʥռܡ
һʯɢŹϺƴϢǵһϯҶǳѹƵЩ
Ҷ޷ӽʯѹôû̽˵صܡҶǳЩѵŲ
ǿޱȵ˿̶Щֲסˡ
ߵʯһ׵ʱҶǳҲ޷ǰˡ
ˣҽ񣬲Ȼ߲ʯҶǳѵվֱ壬Щġ
ˣȻ޷ӽʯ
ʣ϶ǻĶ
ǿҵĺģҶǳû˼ãѡ
%100
ҶǳһѹƵĻ壬ʱﵽ˵һײԲ硣
ԴˣҶǳ̤񾳽硣
ǲ
ҵ磬Ӳ
ٽˡ
һ̣½ĸأʥ档
˲²⣬Ҳ֪Ҷǳڶɽ١
ϾĻ½ҲֻҶǳʸ٣˻Զء
Ҫˣһ·˳磡
һ·˳磡

̵˿ʥķ򣬷׷ף
ʥ档
ֲ٣Ҷǳû˿˺Ϊ̫ǿˣͨԶԶǿࡣ
ڵʵ֪ܹԽս״񣬵϶һ״۷塣ҶǳһڵӴ΢΢һЦ
˿̣ڵֵסԶʯɢǿѹӽʯ
žӽҶǳڿʯϵģּ
֮ĹҶ
ʯϵּҶǳɴ۾ޱ𺳡
ۣ֪˭Ҷ졯ˡ
ڣ̫ۡ
ܹõĹɼǺεҲǵۣ߽ӽ۵Ŀֲǿߡ
ǲ
Ҷǳʯϵּ𺳵ʱһٴſֲݺݵҶǳϡ
ǿĽףȻûлҶǳȴһӡǣһƬѪ
ʱҶǳʯܽƬѪʯ档
ʱһųҵĹâʯϳҶǳԺС
ٶ̫죬̫Ҷǳ㶼㲻
ͬʱĻɫĹ£ᴩʥ档
ȻһӶͣҶǳŽɫסԼ޷ֻܱɫ뿪
Ȼʵ̫ǿˣ־Ҳ̫ǿˣڻ½ͣһӡ
ոնɽ٣Ҫˡ
ղŴʯϳǸʲô
ҶǳģԼʶ
һӡǣʶ
ӡǡ
ǵµӡǡ
ӡǴӴϢҶǳʶ


ڶʮ 


1775 
Ҷǳ۾ӡӴϢһŴУһǿĴУȭ俪߱ۡ
Ŵǵġ
ӡǣȭӭս죬ָܵ
ǵһϢ
ȻҲȭҴ磬ָ
ɴ˿ɼšȭжôǿ
û뵽ֻһºģȻػȭǲСҶǳг˾ϲ
šȭǳǿ󣬶ԷǳʺΪһսĻʺˡ
ռȻҲǿռΪȫڵΪֻʥ۷壬Էӳռȫ
ǣšȭ㲻ռʵҲǿ
ȭоʽÿһʽоת
Ҷǳϸȭʼȭĵһʽ
㱼䣬һӰȭգһ綼ˣӡҶǳԺС
һ̣Ҷǳܷǳ鲻ԽظŴһȭһصӡȭͷϸ֣ɢ۽٣µİϢ
ǿ
ҶǳоϲһȭӳʩչռҪǿ
˵֮ǰսﵽһ״۷壬ôս¶ܸ״񿹺ˡ
Ȼ߶ռ϶ܶࡣΪҲﵽ񾳽磬߶ռս϶Ҳﵽ״񼶱
ҵռܵƺܴ󣬵ûܵƣȭԺ󼴱һʵҲˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ռƺܴҪʵȻٰռ׳
·Ҫߡ
䣡䣡䣡
ҶǳϵڽɫڻӶȭɫǳӲõĻὫơ

ͻȻһˮƵҶǳע⡣
֮ıӿϵĻ֮
ҶǳӶȭʱŨĻ֮ϵػ۵ҶǳڣĻǿľ硣
ôôĻ֮
ҶǳΧһС
˿̣ѾɫϥһԲ״ĵײһھΧǻ֮ѾҺˮ״
ԭǷҶǳȻ
Ѿ˻磬Ƿ
Ҷǳղ̨˵ҺĻ֮Ƿߵһ
ղ̨»ڷʲôҲҪܣרЩҺĻ֮Լʵ
Ϊֻڷڴһʱ䣬һ֮󣬾ͻᱻ߳
ôõĻᣬһҪ˷ѡ
Ҷǳμղ̨µѣ̾л壬ŬΧĻ֮Լ
֮ѾҪʱȥҪӴĻ֮
ԣԺҶǳҪΪĻôֻһ·ǻȡӴĻ֮
ڻ磬Ҫȡֳ֮ķʽ
һȻȡĻ֮
ڶʯȡʯڵĻ֮
ַʽһڡƽ񡯵ķʽΪ絽л֮վˡ
Щ鲼ڻĻ֮ǳϡ٣Ҫַʽʵôֻʱȥˡ
ʱ仹ǳӴΪλ
ҲΪķʽ
ڶַʽڡˡķʽΪʯǻ֮ľ۶ɣ͸½ʯһͬʱҲΪҵĴڡ
ʣǷǳĶ
ûʯǻݳ޵ʽˣַʽܹʵ
Ϊһõʵʯһõʵ
ԣڻ磬߶Ϊ˻ʯ
ҪڻĺܺãǾҪȡӴĻʯͬʱҲǿĿٰ취
ʯǳ󣬶ʱڣԻáԣһķУΨһԿʵĻᡣ
Ҷǳ뵽
һշˣʱڸӴĻʯ
ԣᣬ͸ѵˡ
Ҫ֪Ļ֮ѾҺˮˣǱֱʯҪЧʡ
ϧֻֻһ죬аǧĻôҶǳֱ񾳽ˡ
һ״ڣ
ԼĪһʱ֮Ҷǳ㷢ԼٶȻ˾޴֮ǰǿˡ
ò˵Ļ֮ʵ̫Ӵˣÿʱÿ̶еٵ
ʱ֮ҶǳԼѾﵽһ״ˡ
ʮСʱΪѾһ״ڡ
ʱʮСʱʱҶǳΪѾﵽһ״۷塣
һСʱҶǳѾ޷ͻƣһʱ޵ִһͻȻľ߳˷
ϧˡ
ڱ߳˲䣬Ҷǳźٸһʱ䣬ԿԽΪ״


1776 
ǳأݵ
ʱݵķԱߵͤУװڴȾƳ⣬Եôֿš
һĿ׳˶ⷢüëŨ۾ɢһϢ
ӣЩƫݣƫ䣬ƶţһۣ˲֮ӡ
֣Ľ㣬а꣬Ϳ뿪ˣٸһطˡƫݵЦ˵
ĿӿЦһҡͷǧƴɱﰲȫսܻûʯ
ƫݵ΢΢һЦҪ˵ȴȻתͷԱߵķ
ĿҲתͷ˷
˶Ӧ˷ڵ
µķˡ
֪мˣ᲻š
һ츳ƷϵţǾͷˣ㽱Ʒʯ
ˣƷϵ츳ǳϡ٣ôСط
˽̸֮䣬ʮӰͻȻӷڳ˳һҡΣˤڵء
һҶǳ
ҶǳһΧһЩЩ⡣
Ϊֻһأû뵽Ȼôˡ
˿̣ҲڻЩȡ
ʱ
ǰһƫݣɫЦǲҪ̫ȣںǧռ䣬ԼͬʱˣڷҲụ࿴
ԻȻ
ͬʱ˿ǰװӣ϶žη֮ɫ
ΪװɢϢʵԶԶǿˡ
СһǣȹϲǷ磬ƬӹأǻиӾʵľĿˬЦ
ɫƫ˵һ£½кεȵλ½Ƿưԣǵ˻磬һжҪ¿ʼİ£Ƭӹ磬ǵʵ͵ģһ˶ɱǡ
ĻҶǳԸеߵ˶ɫһݣһĿƽԼϢޱȵ͵
ǰ½ηǵ˻磬һжҪͷʼ
ûʵʱ򣬵͵ܻøá
Щ½ķߣһǰͷûһɵӰ׳գȻ֪ô
ҽһ£ҽԶղ̨ݵţְλݵߡ
Ŀ˵գָָԱߵƫӣ˵һҲǿߣ档
ƫ棬ĿԶ
Ҷǳǰ֣˼
ݵղ̨塣
õϢҶǳЩϲԼȻղ̨Ӫ
˵һ»Ĺأ
Ŀɨһۣһֻ˵ڻ磬շķһ³һ󳡷һǧꡣڶ츳õģﵽƷϣͲý󳡷񣬶ǻõصࡣ
ĻҶǳԸеߵļɫһ䣬һɫޱѿ
ҲǣЩߣ½һǾͷʡͻȻ֮ɿ󹤣Ҫڿ󳡷һǧ꣬˭ѽܡ
ЩҲǴˣ֪Լʵ£޷Ļֻܡ
ˣһûг
ĿɨҶǳˣЦʶ࣬ղǸǻе³Ǿ˻磬ǾһҲſšһǿΪ磬ʵ£ǾҪԹҲֲ˱ˡ
˶Ĭ֮еЩš
һԵԶЦ˵֣ЩСޣСһǣҲҪģʵ϶ڸշ˵󳡷һǧ꣬кô뿴ڵʵȥǼ·һڿ֮УǾͿ԰ȫʵ֮ٳȥҲ١һǧѣǴ˵ҲǺܳ
Ҷǳǿˣһһһвߣһ߸һᡣ
£ֻܹԹԵͷ
ˣϻ˵ˣڿʼǵ츳ǸɣԶ˵꣬Ҷǳ֣ŲԶͤԱߵһʯȥ
ЩɻĿ⣬ԶָʯЦ˵ǲ츳ʯǻ磬츳ΪһƷƷεһƷǿղѾ˵ˣﵽƷϣͲý󳡷񣬶ǻõղ̨صࡣ
ҶǳԲɻǰ˵һƷ֮ϻƷʯܲƷ츳𣿡
ףȻ֪Ʒ츳ԶתͷҶǳ΢΢һ£ɵ¶֮ɫղſˣȻ˲ã
ҲҶǳĿ΢΢أ츳Ӧò
ʲô
񣿡
ҶǳԱߵķߣһ𾪵ؿҶǳ
Ǵ½ģǵȻļѣǼܳɹ


1777 
ܵΧĿ⣬ҶǳɵÿЦһ£֪𾪣ղžͲˡ
Ҳ֣й¶ģҲʲô⡣
෴Ϊǰ֣࿴ˡ
ԶҶǳЦ˵Сֵܣղ˵Ʒ츳ȷʵУһƷ츳֮ϡҪƷ츳Ҫ츳ʯܲԣǷǳƷСطûУֻղ̨ǡղ̨ǡС
ߵƷ츳ţ磬ҲٵÿǵһƷϵ츳Ǿ͸ˡ
ˣ԰ɣһһǵƷʯϣʯϱ¶ǵ츳ȼԶ˵
˶ʱγʯȥ
Ʒ츳
Ʒ츳
Ʒ츳
Ʒ츳ţ
Ʒ츳

ʮβԣߵҲƷ츳ЩԹķߣһɫǳѿ
½ưԣΪԼǾţ츳ߵľȻƷ໹ǰ˾Ʒ
ֵҶǳʱ˵Ŀⶼһ˹
ȻǶġšǳ档
ԶҲЩ棬ʯ
Ҷǳһߵģֲֶ㲻ȥֻˡ
Һãղ̨Ӫղ̨µĹϵӦòΣա
գҶǳʯϡ
ӦûƷ츳ϰɣҶǳ뵽
ⲢԴ󣬶ԼȻܹռܹںϻ츳ڻ磬Ҳһȡ
ȻҶǳĿ⿴ʯȴȻһԵЩ˼顣
츳Ʒ
Ҷǳһ飬һ죬һʱЩΡ
Լ츳ôôͣ
ԱߵԶ״ҲǴʧ
ãõʲô񾳽硣Զҡҡͷ
棬ٶ࿴һҶǳ
ʮߵУҲм¶ֻɫ
ԭֻǾƷ츳
ãõһı츳ô
Ҳѹ֣Ϊڶûг񣬿ɼ츳ǳ͡

ԼûٹעҶǳˡ
ҶǳüͷȺС
гɻԼ츳ôͣܰɣ
ղ̨˵ڻ磬Ҳܾûгռ֮š
ңǵռ֮츳ߵĻܹ
ҶǳԲԼ츳ֻоƷ
϶⣡Ҷǳ뵽ѾǾʱˡ
Ųɣ֮У츳ߵֻƷ
ԶЩʧҡҡͷ
ûˡԶЦ
ߵƷϵ츳ôˣȥ󳡣ȥ
ȥɣԶ˵գҶǳ֣ȵ
˶ʱԹԸԶ
뿪һϸ߿ա
ҶǳȻһ죬ʵͷǳӴ󣬾ԲȻ½С
ǰ˵ĿռѹֻܴܷУǳۡȷƷܷУΪǿԷУ˺Ȼʵ
ҶǳҲԴ˷ǳջ󣬲ͷûѯʡ
ֻԶЦʲôþȵģݵ󷨷գܲѹȻԷСҪǵ˵⣬Ǿ޷ˡ
˻Ȼ
Ҳԣ½ɽŶлɽôĵ죬ȻҲл
ǵˣ
ûã˱ִһƬɽ
ҶǳԸӦĻ֮ȵϵطҪŨࡣ
ԶЦ˵ǶӦøӦ˵صĻ֮ǳŨɣǿɽʯĻ֮ǳŨڿ󣬶˵Ҳһطûôõ
ԣк˺ܶࡣ
Ҳԣﰲȫ֮ҲŨȷһõط
Զ
ڴʱԶĺɫڣһλϥ˸ܵ˾޴ѹȸС
ǿԶ滹ҪǿĶࡣҶǳԶɫӣһ
Աߵķߣ˿ҲһηؿԶɫӡ
Զ񣬹Զݼ
ķߣ츳ΣɫڣɲĿʵ
Զæ˵һλƷ츳ʣµĶ߰˾Ʒ츳
Ʒķֵһſʣ¶䵽ſ󡣡˵
Զ˵ͷҪȥȴҶǳͻȻ˳
ҪʲôҪŭ·һԶһҶǳȵ
ҶǳûᣬóһƣԶɫڵĿǰżһλղ̨ĸ֣һơ
ţԶЩؿҶǳ
Ҳ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ɫڣλһУҶǳеƱ
ȷղ̨ƣһλѲߵƣȻõһλѲߵʶǾͽ䵽һſ󣬲Ϊͷ˵꣬㽫˻
лǰЯҶǳʱϲɫ


1778 ͷ
Ҷǳ֪ԼĶˣλȻǿƵһӣ䵽һſ󣬶һǿͷ
֮ôðգΪղ̨˵󳡵
ǳصĿ󳡣һ㶼Ϊ󶴣Ҳһſ󡢶ſſ
УһſͶſǸ׼ģſǸ²׼ġ
ſ󣬻·һһҲˣֻڿڵ
ſҪһ㣬ҲҪ߲ݵڿ󣬻ûʱ䡣
һſĴͺܲˣڿϢһ꣬ÿ꽱һƷʯ
ͷĴãڿֻҪӿ󹤾ˣÿ궼һƷʯҲҪһǧֻ꣬Ҫһˡ
Ϊ󶴵Ĵ̫ҶǳԸðһΣʹղ̨¸Ѳơ
ڶſ󶴷һǧ꣬ûʱǼֱǶĥ
СӣģȻõѲߵʶǿѲ߰һλ״񡣡
Զ˺󣬱㵥Ҷǳȥ󳡣һ·Ľ
ǰҲöѡҶǳԵúǫѷ
Զ˰֣˵ǰǰģŸˣѲߵƣȴﵽ״֮󣬾ͿԳΪղ̨һԱʱǾսˡ
ȻҶǳӵѲߵƣԶ߿һȣԸƽȽ
Ҷǳзǳмղ̨£ڷǰղ̨¸ٺö
ǳصϸͼ⣬һǧƷʯ൱ʮƷʯ
Ҫ֪ڻ磬һҲֻǼֵһƷʯ
˻ʯ֮⣬ղ̨»ƣһѲߵơ
һƵĵȼߣղ̨峤ϵȼơ
Ҷǳ¶ϵȼơ
Ϊղ̨ĳ٣϶յǿߣҪ¶ϼƣǿ϶ϱȥ
һ飬Ʋĳϵġ
ǲ˵ܲµʶղ̨£Ͼ˳֮⣬ֻղ̨峤ղָ̨ߵȼˡ
һ¶ղ̨µݣҶǳΣˡ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ǧղ̨尲˶ٸϸһϸ֪Ҷǳ϶Ὣץʡ
ԣҶǳðʹóϵȼƣֻѲߵơ
Ѳֻ״ղ̨ӴУкܶ׵Ĵ񣬱֪Ҳȥ̽飬԰ȫܶࡣ

һſ
ǧ󹤣пͷ𰣬һλŮ״
ԶҶǳʱ򣬸Զͳеӣǳãʱָһλͷǰ뿪ˡ
ǰ
ӱչ֮һҶǳٿԶɻ˵ÿ꣬ɿһͷôͻȻʱָһλͷ
ԶָԱߵҶǳЦСã½ʱղ̨һλѲߣõһƣԿŶչˡ
ѲߡǺ𰲻ɵһĽؿҶǳ
ʱһſ꣬Ȼڿͷ֮ж˿ͷλá
Ҷǳһǿͷڿ󶼲һ죬˱ˡ
ˣҲĽŵͷʮˣΪʡ˰˾ʮʱ䡣Զ˵
ƲԸﵱһͷڿ󣬻ܰȫĻ֮ǳŨÿ껹һƷʯĽ
ԶԿЦõǵϢˣԼղ̨ղ̨ĸɱȿͷǿˣнˮÿʮƷʯսܻսսĺô͸ˣԶһʯܶһֹԱﵱͷ׬öࡣ
ҲֻǷɧѣ缸꣬Ҳ֪ղ̨ĺôԹԹԸԶ뿪ˡ
ҶǳԭõطʼԼĿͷ
ʵͷĹǳ򵥣ֻҪֳһЩӿ󹤹ˡ
ЩķѲ˶ϾûսĻֻΪá
ȻҶǳҲҪЩӵս
Ҫ֪Щ֮еһЩǿߣǶס״ʵǿˡ
ҶǳЩ˸췴
ϾλɫڵĿһλĽ״
ңϣһλҲĽ״ȻԶһղ̨һɫ״
Щ󹤲ĻԲ췴
ҶǳֻҪֳ֮󣬱԰ˡ
ǳ
ڻˣʱӦòΣգȰʵ㡣
ҶǳգóһƷʯʼ塣
ò˵ƷʯǳݳޣҪ֪һŻƷʯ
Ϊ˿ʵҶǳҲ͹ֲôˡ


1779 
ƷʯôҪûлʯٶȸж
һһƷʯҶǳԼٶȣ涼Щˡ
ڷٶܳԣû˷İٶȼţݡ
⻹Ʒʯİ¡
ûлʯԼȥջ֮Чʾ͸ˡ
ѹԶ˻껹״ٶʵ̫ˡҶǳЦ
磬Ѿȥˡ
ǰԶжοߵְλкҶǳ֪ԶѾˡ
״ٶȣж
ؼҶǳԶ˵ٶѾܿˡ
Զٶǵ˴֮ûһǳ
û㹻Ļʯֻܿ޾ʱȥۻ
ڴľŸλ֮УĽס߽ƿܶղ̨ĸֶ״񣬳ٳٲý
øϽ״񣬼ղ̨ҾûûʯٶȾ͸ˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ɲ뿿ʱȥۻǻѵʱ̫Ӵˣ²ܽ
Զ״ǧ߽״񣬵ʲôʱ
Ҷǳֱ
οҪռҪӴԴ
뵽ҶǳٶóһƷʯ
һƷʯԹһʱ䣬һƷʯһٿƷʯԿԹһʱ䡣
ҶǳΪԲƷʯ
Ҫٴﵽ״񾳽硣

һǧ
ǧƵĳСһһŮ˼ԦһҴ󴬣ʻԶ
Ҷǳϳǰɺղ̨¡
һǧ꣬ǾҪ뿪ҲŸոĽ״񾳽磬Ϊͳǲ̫ΣˣɶŲٿش󴬵ղ̨˵
ղ̨ҡͷûʱˣһǧ꣬ǧǼһҲˣһ϶ȲǧƵķڵ죬ǳᱩ¶ġ
ɿЦ˭뵽ôãȻǧӪֻһСĽĽ״񣬲Ȼ鷳ʹˡ
ȷҶǳˣȻ䵽ǧƵС
ҿղ̨кܶ౦ŵҩƷʯӲһǧڣɵΪθߵĽ״񾳽硣
Ľ״֮󣬰ɿղ̨͵һƷװǿնɱСϵǧĽ״ȻһƷʯʻŴ뿪ˡ
ΪʲôʹۣɿŴ󴬳Զɵɻ
ղ̨ƿ׳һɣû˵ǧֵģһͻᱻǧ֪ԼҵһŵûЯۡ
ɲ֪ԼᱻǧץߣڸĸߵȻҪֶ
ԭˣǰɻȻ漴ʵ
ղ̨˵Ȼȥղ̨Ƶĵ̣ȻҸεĵط㾡Ϊİɣʻ꣬ǳôǧֲлҵǵġ
ɻΪʲôȥղ̨ǣ
ղ̨ҡͷ֪ǰղ̨ǵһ·ϻٵ𣿾ڵΪëҲǳΣգҲҪΪﵽ״񾳽硣
һ㣬ղ̨û˵Ǿղ̨ղ̨Ҳš
Ϊõղ̨£Ǿ͵õǹǧֶ־޴Ұģѱղ̨˾ûҰġ
ԣʵǿʱȥղ̨ǣǼͶ
ڨڨðɣģʦӦѾˣ֪
İɣʦǧֵҪĿ꣬û˼ʦ˵ʦǺģ֪ǧҲһ㣬϶һ١ղ̨˵
ɵ˵ͷ˵ϣʦղ̨һߣƣǴͺöˡ
ǾҪˣٺãʱҲ˶ΪҪĳСǧ꣬ʱ²ղ̨˵
̾ղ̨֮ȥʦ𡣡
İɣһȥǴһʱٰ߽״񾳽磬Ϊ㹻㴳ǳأʱʦҲһЩղ̨°ο
ɵ˵ͷҲ֪ʵСʱȥҶǳ˵ҵҶǳҵˣǳҲǳΣա
Ȱղ̨ͻȥȻղ̨µĵλʵ˵ܽղ̨ѰҶǳǱԼǿˡ

漴ʻŴ󴬣ʧڱ̲


1780 δ滮
ʮ
ݵһſ
Ҷǳ⼤ȻͷųһǿϢ
Ƕ״ڵΪ
ÿƷʯҶǳʮʱ䣬һ۷˶״񾳽磬ͻƵ˶״ڡ
ò˵һ޴Ľ
ڷߵУֽٶȣġ
ҶǳһķߣһλƷ츳ķߣͱһſ󣬵˺ҶǳһҲڷһ״۷壬Ȼһ״۷壬ܻ
Ҷǳ֪ԭԼȶԷӵкܶʱ䣬ϾҪڿ
ȻҪԭ򣬻ΪҶǳʹûʯһƷʯ
ֵȼĻʯԶġˡò
Ʒʯİ£Ҷǳôﵽ˶״ڡ
ϧղ̨¸һǧƷʯ˿Ҳˡ
Ϊͷÿ궼һƷʯĽʮ꣬һǧ顣
ϧֻƷʯֻ֧ǧʱ䣬Ʋжٽ
ԣҶǳʱûмչ˼Ժ·
һǧƷʯ൱ʮƷʯʮһļֵˣȻΪ
Ҷǳϥоһࡣ
˿ڻԴжôҪˡ
û㹻Ļʯƾ츳ٸߣΪҲǳ
ԣҶǳⶨһԶĿ꣬Ǿǻȡʯ
Ŀǰ״ʱѻȡʯ
ڵΪ߳ݵѡ
Ȼƾȭͻ壬Ҷǳаպ״񾳽ԶһսʵݵϣҲֻ൱һͨղ̨
ԶõϢݵһһղ̨ÿһ״
ҲǣҶǳڵʵݵ϶ֻͨͨ
ǳأǾ͸Ӳֵһˡ
ΪҶǳղ̨¸ǳصͼϣѾ֪ݵڵλãͬʱҲ֪ݵ
ǳأݵֻһС͵졣
ʲô
ǳأΪĸΣֱΪ졢͵졢͵С͵졣
ɴ˿ɼҶǳһС͵ϣʵֻͨͨЩ͵ʹ͵ˡ
ղ̨¸ϢС͵ĵĽ״͵ĵǱ߽״
͵ĵǾǾŽ״
ڳ죬ǳҲǳϡ٣ָ
죬ǧһĴӪǧ֮ǡԼղ̨ĴӪղ̨ǡ񼶱ĸ
֮⣬Ҷǳղ̨õ˹ղְ̨λϢ
ղ̨Ȩߣղ̨峤ղ̨µĸףҲλ
峤гϣֻоŽ״ʸΡ
ǰ˽״񼶱Ļ¾߽״ִ¡
ִ״񼶱ѲߣѲ״񼶱ĴȻĽ״񼶱С͵ĵͿ״񼶱ղ̨ˡ
ɴ˿ɼղ̨ĵλȼǳɭϡ
ҶǳԼҪԴǳأҲ״ʵ
Ϊղ̨壬ﵽ״񼶱𣬾ܳΪѲߣѲղ̨ĵ̣֧ԮķԼѰµĻʯ
ϧҶǳڵҪﵽ״񾳽磬ڡ

Ҷǳ̾˿Զ๤Ŀ󹤣ҡͷڵʵֽ׶θʺ϶ԳȥʱĶĿ꣬Ǽղ̨ղ̨ȡʯ״񾳽磬ȥղ̨ҷɺղ̨ǡ
ȭͻ壬ֻҪ״Ǿ״񼶱Ѳˡ
ʵȫԶԴǳأǰңԶղ̨ˡ
滮Ժĵ·֮ҶǳΧúڸϢ󷨣Ȼʼȭ
һǧƷʯ̫ϡˣҶǳʱ׼ʹãȭһȭҲȻĻ֮
ȻΪӿ϶ǳ
ҶǳҪĿĻΪȭ
Ϊû㹻ĻʯʱΪǻʱȭϡ
Ҫ֪ҶǳڲŸոȭһʽĵһתûɡܹɵһʽĵһתôս϶ٶǿΪǿˡ
ֻҪܹսҶǳͻȥ
һǿʳĵطҪȥǾһа취ȥսɡ
ȻݵĿǰǳȫҶǳһӰ˼ΣˣԼİȫ棬Լʵ֤Լİȫ


1781 
ǳء
ĳС͵ϣһϤӰǧ֡
˿̣ǧС͵һԽ
ǰãһ͵͵Ľ״񾳽磬ǿһĽ״񣬱նɱС͵ϵĵͿȻʧ뿪ˡ
һ뿪ģһŮԷߡ
鱻ǧ壬ǧĸ߲㲢û⣬ϾֻĽ״ǧ壬ֻͼĹ㣬ЩǼ˼ͼ
ʵϣҲϴ״񼶱ѲѲһλ״񼶱Ĵǰ鿴
λ֮󣬷Ѿ޷ҵ֣Ҳûд󶯸ɸ꣬Ŀ߻һһŮֵĻ漴ƳͨǧƵĸ죬λƨ뿪ˣҲ͵˽
ʱǧҲӻ½Ϲˣ֪˴ʱһӾ뵽ղ̨¡
Ȼղ̨ºͰɶıòͨŮһ
ǧĲͨϵĻ񣬶λԷߵʵ
һߣڿ͵͵Ľ״񾳽磬ҲնɱͬĽ״񡣡
ǧֳ˼š
߶Ǻģ󲿷ַ߷֮ǰԼ½磬ڵǿȥ
ԣķߣһУһûС
ڷЯЩϣǶеĲϣڻû˿ֵ
ʣַߣôͬɻɱĽ״
ңǧֵõϢλԷߣǿżǿնɱǧĽ״
ܹնɱĽ״ǼҲ߽һôӵֵȼкü
ǧҡҡͷ߰˳ɰȷǰɺղ̨ˡ
һͬˣһһһŮ
ӵǿǧ֮ǰڻ½Ϳղ̨һ׾ŽȻܷϡ
һߣΪʲôĪնɱǧˣǼҪ뿪ҲԵȵǧʱȫѡǧ뿪ûҪðɱˣǧ塣
ӵͿƶϳԷ϶ż뿪ʱ䡣
ǶԷΪʲôҪż뿪
Ȼǰɺղ̨µĻǧֻѰǣԼ뿪
ôƶǧ־ǰɺղ̨µļʺܴ
Ψһɵ㣬ǰɵΪ̫ˣǧʱ䣬ʹﵽĽ״񾳽磬ڷߵмܰ쵽
ǧֳţйâͻȻղ̨¸ĵҩټƷʯδûܡ
Ʒʯǳ󣬾ǧҲûУǧ֪ղ̨С
Ͼղ̨ղ̨峤飬Է񣬸ԼŮһЩƷʯпܵġ
ЩΪĵҩղ̨ҲС
ϧˣ̫ˣǧ뿪ˣʱһûиϻڶȥʮˣȥǣ˵ǶѾ㵽ղ̨Ǳȥˡ
ǧɫޱȡ
ӻ½ϻͻһǧٶʱ䣬֪С͵淢󣬾Ѿȥʮꡣ
Ͼµλǧĸ߲㣬ֻ״񼶱Ѳߡ
ּѲߣǧܶ࣬ҾѲأǧֵΪѰͻ˼꣬鵽С͵ʱ򣬶ȥʮˡ
ʱܱĻаɡղ̨µӰӰ
˵ղ̨ĵǱȥңǸʵϾǳ̫ˣղ̨Ƶĵǧǧ˭֪죿
οҲδشڵϣ˵һЩĽʯС
һѶȾ͸ˣڴ롣
ǧԵúܾ֪ԼҲòղ̨ˣʧǹԵ
ֻȥ峤ˣղ̨ʵܵͣʱȥղ̨ǣʱ峤˵лҵǡ
ǧ뵽
ƾѾҲղ̨ˣòԼҰġ
ȻҰģǧȻվǧߣȻҪ֪峤峤ץסղ̨£һС͡
峤ȨԷǧɼҵղ̨ǡ
ǧּԦۣǧ֮Ƿȥ
뿪һҵսϯǳأҲҶǳƽ


1782 Я
ݵһſ
Ҷǳȭ̾˿
⡶ȭѾ˵һʽתȴٳɵתսԽѶȱԽԽˡ
ҶǳЩЦҡҡͷšȭĵȼƺܸߣһʽôѶȣ治ûѶʱھʽھתԲ硣
뵽λǺ͵ҲͿšȭΪʲôôˡ
Ҷǳƣšȭ㲻ǴۼսҲǳˡ
ȻѶȺܴ󣬲սҲǿ󡣡
ҶǳԼȭͷϣɫӡҫתȭӡ
תȭӡһȥǾ൱һԴȭȭһ𣬼ֱֲ
һԴȭƺûʲô˵ġ
ϾҶǳڵľ磬ɾһԻ򽣣һԴȭҲڻ¡
֡ΡֻͨĹ
ռ֡СҶǳһԻ򽣣ֻһ
ȭҲǾУһԣֻܴ֮һȭ
תȭһԴȭ൱һԷΡСЩСһʹáСٶȭĿֲ֮
ҵĻ屾ǿ󣬿Խɱ״תȭҵʵѾ״ڶˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ܹԽսǺġ
ϾȭֽӽսĹôοۼġ澭ء
ô꣬ҶǳѾ֪ܹԽһ󾳽硣
ҶǳȼǶ״ڣôսͿ״ڡ
ܹԽһ󾳽磬ǷǳµģҲǴۼ𹦷֮
ڣҶǳֶһսȭսٶ
ҶǳţתȭĻ壬ӦÿԺ״۷ǿһϸˡ
ûҶǳҲȷ
Ҳ˵ϣ˵ͿλĽ״⣬Ѿвˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
С͵վȽŸˡ
ҶǳѾȥ˰ʱ䡣
ҲҶǳʱֹͣصԭΪ֮ġͷѾˡ
ͬʱҶǳҲɣֻҪ룬ʱ뿪ݵղ̨ˡ
ȻҶǳҲɵΪȻݵ㣬Ҫǳأ̫ǿˣΣ̫ˡ
Ҷǳ;ȼղ̨ղ̨ʵ
뵽Ҷǳ㳷ȥ󷨣뿪һſǰڵĺɫ
ڵĹһ̫žޣõһ˵Ҷǳе
ٿҶǳЩɵ֮⣬û˿ˡ
Ҷǳ֪ΪԼʵǿˡ
ʵǿ˺ܶ࣬ҶǳСסԼϢɽǶ״ڣʵЩֻ֮Σռ˶⡣
Ҷǳ֪ԼʵСʱ򣬵͵ߵǾ
һҶǳǰĺɫȥȻͣڹ⣬񣬹Ҷǳݼ
ɫڣѾҶǳˣһ˫Ŀ⣬·͸ҶǳЩ͵ص˵ͷһƷ츳Ȼڶ̶̰ھ˶״ڣɼһϻе츳ġ
ˡҶǳǫ
˰֣Ҷǳֱʵ׼ô죿Ѿˣղ̨Ҳ㡣
Ҷǳæ˵Ҫղ̨
¶΢Цͷ㻹֪Сʱȥǳء
ǵģѲƵλǰҲ˵ǳصһЩû״ϵΪ˴ǳؼңλǰҲղ̨ˣҼղ̨ҲϣܹԸлҵ㡣Ҷǳ˵
˵ͷ΢Цţ֪ܲղ̨Ѳкܶ࣬ʱڿҲλǰȼղ̨ٴպԵְɡ
ǣȥղ̨Ҷǳ˵ͷæ˵
ҡͷˣʱԱղ̨Ҳûʲô飬ݵϢһȥעᡣ
Ҷǳһ㶣ܿλչԼ
Ҫ֪ϣط֮Ũ
һڵǵ֮ڶǴ˵أҲǿĵط
ҶǳԱЯ
ңҶǳ֪Ȼݵûʲôս£ݵղ̨ҪȥѲߣʱҲΣա
Ҷǳڴ˵ͿԱЩΣգղ̨ĴֺôɵҲó
Ҷǳлл˵꣬ʵʵںɫһطϥʼΪ


1783 Σ
ϥںɫԱߣҶǳԺҲԼĶԻ˼š
ԵúܽҲòϾڻ磬ʵ߲Ρ
ɲǻ½ҲǳưԻ½µǿˡ
Сһ㣬ʱΣա
λ֮Яң»ǿǿѲ档Ҷǳ˼
Ѳ߱Ͼ״񼶱ǿߣֻĽ״ҪͽѲ
ϾûаĺôԷǿҶǳ˧Ͷá
ԷֻҪͨҶǳʶҶǳλѲߡˡ
Ȼղ̨Ѳкܶ࣬ҶǳԼܲҵλѲ߶һ֪ܲһ㡣
ⲻҶǳһôϾڿ˵ֻһ仰¶Ҫʲôۡ
ʵϣҶǳںɫԱȷҪһۡ
Ҷǳ˵ĺô
ԣԺĿͨҶǳʶλѲߣ϶Ǵ׬ˡ
棡
Ҷǳ˿֪˿˼ҲͰˡ
Ҳԣһߣ˵ǻһˣΪҶǳʲôô
ںɫҶǳȴǲٱ¶ȭˣϾսǿһ¶ʽܲᷢ֡
ԣҶǳɻ֮ʼԼΪ
޾Ļ֮ʱ˷Ļ֮ŨȵȷطˣҶǳ֪ѵãԲ˷һʱ䡣
ȻлеͷõһǧƷʯʱᶯãԺҲ١
һǧƷʯĻϾ̫СˣΪûٰ
ο˵صĻ֮ŨȺܸߣûҪ˷ѡ


ݵĳһҾ޴սʻ
սǳ޴һƶС͵죬񣬶ǴһķװȻǳͬһһ֧ӡ
Ҵϣһ˾޴ģıԼԼһֻ޴ȸУԵƥ
սǰݵˡ
˸սѾȥǣסƬղ̨崬һҪڴ֮ǰݵ
м߲ǵǱʤɡ
ϧֻһ֧֧һ֮ھݵˡ
ˣһ֧ѾֵǷˣҪʱݵ߲϶һǿ

޴սϣĽ״ڽš
ǧս͵˸ߡ
ǧ֪ղ̨µϢ֮ǧ峤ϣ˿ʼȫ湥ղ̨е죬ϧһдҪղ̨¡
ݵֻⳡƴսһǣǳأڶѾս֮ˡ
ι˸ս˵μΪʲôҪݵֻһС͵ˣҲûʲô棬ղ̨ʵɲᷴġսԱߵʵ
˸սĿؿԶԼԼĵ죬ҵõһȷϢμɲǹһݵǹղ̨еĵ졣
ʲôսԵһ𾪵ѵ׼ղ̨һսӮˣҲǲʤܾ˰
˸սЦֻҪ㹻棬λ峤Ųںأ˵ʲôܹ峤
սԳμ߲ǵݵݵǧڷŮԷȫץȥе֣߲ΪʲôҪץôŮԷߣ
˸սһЦֻ߲ҪץһŮԷߣǲ֪ŮԷ߶ԸץҲԸŹκһˡ
ʲôֵü߲ôսЩ˼顣
˸սЦղ̨λС˵ǹĴߣ˭ʸǧʦڣ
ԭˣսȻ򣺡ѹ峤᲻ϧһдۣǿǹ˵һλ̫ĴС
˸սǹǿȾָģǻǰݵܹץסλղ̨СǵĹ;ʹˣ㹻Ҷ˽״ˡ
սһϣϣãܹλղ̨С
ʱԶһСѸȥ
ս۾һУӦݵѲߴ
˸սмһЦǰ֪Ҳûãһ֧ɱһλĽ״ݵС͵ҲֻλĽ״һɱһˣʣµһˣҶԽɱ
˵Ҳǣս΢ЦŵͷûԶȥѲߴ
ȻԷǺԶ׷Ҳ


1784 
ݵ
ɫԱߣҶǳ߲ݵŻ֮ԼĻ塣
ܴ˵ػ֮ǳŨǱֱʯЧ˺ܶࡣ
ҶǳԴȻкżҲ޿κΣϾʯûô׻ȡ
ҪʵǾֻܰʱˡ
ҽ״ʱ򣬼ǶпܷˡҶǳЩЦҡҡͷ
ڵҪ״񾳽磬ƵҪǧʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬ҲëҪˡ
ϾëҶǳİ£ʹﵽʥ۷壬ҶǳǾŸ֮Ƕﵽ׼񾳽硣
Ȼë츳УǧȥˣΪ϶ȹˣҲ⡣
Ҳֻǿԡ
ϾҶǳ֮ǰǽëǣһҪѹΪ½ʵѡ硣
ԣëʸʱҲδػѡϷ
ղ̨µ˵ǷǳطΧԷ߶ǳڵķС
ҶǳЩǡ
ëǳǧķô죿
ǳղ̨ߵķҲ̫á
Ͼ󳡵Ƿǳ
츳õĻһſǴһ㡣
츳ãſǴͲˡ
ҶǳëǴ󲿷ֻſЩ˵ʵǿǿģ츳
ҶǳΪ˸еǳǡ
һҪǷ֮ǰ㹻ʵҲҪﵽ߽״񾳽磬ҾͿһ͵죬ԱӻˡҶǳ뵽
Ҫڶʱڽ߽״񾳽磬Ѷȷǳ󣬿ɻ֮϶ǲеġ
ԣҶǳ׼ڴﵽ״֮󣬱ղ̨ȥѲߣɱǧĵˣȡԷͻʯٶȸ졣
ء
Ȼ̶𣬲ڼ̵ʱڴݵ
Ҷǳʱ۾ЩɵؿԶ
ʲô飿ҶǳЩõԤУôƾʾ϶ǳִˡ
䣡
ʱԱߴһǿϢҶǳеһѹ֡
Ҷǳתͷȥǿ߳˺ɫңңԶüͷ
Ҷǳæ
ƳҶǳһۣ˵Сĵ㣬Ҫ뿪ΧףݵľʾӦеǰݵˡ
ҶǳһͻȻûнţҲ
ʲô˸ҹݵȻݵֻһС͵죬Ͼղ̨ĵ̣ǳأǧ壬˭ҹղ̨ĵ̣
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣Ͳµ˭ˡ
ͬʱ뵽Ȼǧĵ˹ݵô˵ʵ϶
һսҪΣˡ
ҶǳĿԶȥȿ˵ʵʵ̫ǿݵסĻ϶һʱߡ
Ҷǳɲղ̨սʵҲûԸսһ򲻹϶ӵʱͲܵȺУȫҪһЩ
ݼ
ڴʱʮղ̨ſ
ҶǳΪ׵һˣԶ
ԶҲվڿԱߵҶǳҲ֪ҶǳԴ˷ǳĽҲҶǳ죬£ϵ˿ҲҶǳ˵ͷ
ǰԶʵ鵽˵𣿡
Զͷǧһ֧һˣʵ״񣬲λĽ״񡣡
Ҷǳֿ֮˿
ҲԣݵҲĽ״񣬺ղ̨ռݵأ㹻ˡ
ҲԵúţ˰ֵȥɣú÷أĽ״񣬲̫ġ
ǣԶ漴뿪ˡ
ݣ
ȻԶ뿪úһɫĹݵ⼤׾ٵش͸󷨵ķſ
ʲô
Ҷǳͫһ㿴֧ɫĹѾڿǰˡ
̫ˣĿֲ
֧ĿĻ϶㲻
ʵϣҲ㲻Ϊһʵ̫ˡ
ôܣȻ
Ҷǳ𾪵ĿУһ˼ŭֻɫĹѾĲ嶼ˡ
󡭡ҶǳŵؿһĻ
һλǿĽ״񣬾Ȼɱˡ
Ϊʲôô˵
ΪҶǳܽԵظӦѸţѾ˫ˡ
𲻿Ťת
ɵӣˣǧбϽӰɣЩɬؿҶǳ漴ԴҲˣ˾ƾʧˣһ˿Ϣ档


1785 
䡭
ſбƷҲ˵ϣǳֱ࣬ѻһСɽ¡
ϾλĽ״Ѿʮˣ۵ıȻǳࡣ
Ҷǳһ۾ͿһѽһƣһһҲǴѡ
⣬Ʒʯ͸ҵĲˡ
ףǣ
ͻȻҶǳ۾һ״ƷƷϢƷǳȻһȺ֮еһ
񼶱ĲϣҶǳĿʱˣϵĲϡ
֮϶񼶱ģΪҲĽ״񣬲ܵõ̫񼶱Ĳϣܹõ񼶱ĲϣѾҶǳе˼ˡ
λҲƾһĽ״񣬲ܵõôĲϡ
Ҷǳ˷ܣôıڵˡ
ңôɡ
Ҷǳ붼û룬ֱӴһӣ㽫ǰƷȫ
Ҷǳûи˶ãΪ֪Σˡ
ˣݵϾֻʣһλĽ״ˣǧȴλĽ״
ңҶǳ֪ԷǷ
ǲܶԷûݵ¶Ҫزסˡ
¡¡
Ƭ̣󷨱㴫̶ĺ
ȻǧѾڹˡ
ҶǳԶԶ˹æϢӽ
ЩǸոȥԶҲ˿ǰ鿴
ҶǳɲѿĶȥ׼ȿ
ݵϾҪˣɵ˲ŻύĶ
Ҷǳֱӽ˿˶࣬ҶǷߣʵ޷Ҷǳв
ԶȻҲע⵽Ҷǳȥûȥ׷ΪѾ̿ˡ
ˣϾֻʣµһλĽ״Ҫˡ
ԣǼæȥĻйȥҶǳ
ã
ҶǳԶϢԶȥ˿ȻڵʵԶڿɲ뵢ʱ䡣
ݵʧȥ˿һˣ϶֧Ų˶á
ڴ֮ǰҶǳһʵȻ֮Żߡ
Ҷǳڻһʵ
ԭڵڶ̶ʱʵ
˿Ǽ񼶱ĲϾͲһˣҶǳȫԽ˽Ϊ񾳽硣
ǽͻģΪʥ۷壬ֻҪ񼶱Ĳʥ֮УͿԽ񾳽ˡ
ʱʵٶЩǿ
ϾһΪ̤񾳽磬ôռҲﵽ𣬿չֳǿˡ
ûж룬Ҷǳһط㿪ʼ񼶱Ĳϡ
϶ʼңҲûҶǳҶԼİȫп󹤳̰ھĻʯͷѹֻҡ
ǰͷǺɣΪпڣпλĽ״Щ󹤾Ͳҡ
ڿѾˣͷȻڿ֮ʵڶģҲ޷ѹп󹤡
ͷҲʼ̰ھĻʯ׼ˡ
Ǿÿˣݵ϶زסˡ
Ͼܹɱĵˣ϶ǳǿ
ȻҶǳֻעһܱߵ۳𣬿ʼе񼶱ˡ
лǺã񼶱ĲϣڻҲڻ漴Ҷǳʥ֮С
ʱʥ㱬ѤĹâ񽣽
ҵʱԲˣ
Ҷǳдϲ
һ̣оڤڤ֮סԼƿѾʧˣʥ۷ֱӴһ״񾳽硣
Ļ۷ǳ񣬴һ״ֱӽһ״۷徳磬һڼ̤ܿ˶״ڣֹͣĽ
Ҷǳףܹ֮һ״ڣΪЩڻĻۡ
Ļͻֻܴ֮ﵽһ״۷塣
ֱǿˣ
Ϊ˶״ڣҶǳԸоԼʵֱǿˣɵһ˷ܡ
ڼΣʱ̱ǿ˶ɹΣļʡ
Ҷǳʰһ£׼뿪
׼ȥ̽һµʲôȻȥ෴ķ׼Ƶʱߡ
ɾڴʱһɫĹҶǳ档
Ҷǳʱסˣ屻ɫţŲԶķȥ
ôҶǳɴ۾Եúܲ˼顣
ûлңΪɫ̫ϤˣʱĽɫ
ʱɫ磬Ҵݵķ
ڣɫֳˣִݵķ
ѵΪ񾳽磬ܾһηϴ񣿡Ҷǳеͷոת˱Ѿ˷С


1786 µ
ϥڷĵײΧǽʵʻĻ֮Ҷǳĳ˾ϲܡ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻлڶνֱĻԵ
û뵽ͬʱΪȻֺôղ̨¾Ȼûи˵
Ҳԣ½磬Ҫ񾳽磬Ѷʵ̫ˣڻƶ٣ղ̨ºҲ
Ҷǳзǳ˷ܡ
ڵĻ̫֮ŨˣֱʯҪֲΪĻ֮ȥ
֪жĺô
Ҷǳ˷ʱ䣬æΧĻ֮ԼΪͻ塣
ֻҪĻﵽ״񾳽磬ôͲҪӳݵֱȥǧĽ״ˡ
ռĻ壬ȭԽɱ˸⡣

磬Աߡ
һֱߣ֮һҶǳʶ棬Ҷǳʱ߱Զ
ԶܿжˣȻһŮ״Ρ
˿̣һɵؿǰķ
ղſ𣿡תͷ
˵ͷɫ㶵һɫĹǡ
ǽ֮⣬Ƿʱ򣬶Ǳ֮ġ˵ңҸղӦһϤϢҶǳϢ
ҶǳԶᵽǸ˵Сһ˵½õһλѲߵʶǵõչˣڿҶǳһĽ
ʵĽϵղ̨ҲĽҶǳӵѲƵ飬Ѿݵˡ
Ҷǳ
濴ŷ棬ЩĽͼʵ˵СһǱ½̤񾳽ģԣΪʥ۷塣ȻΪҲ񾳽磬һνϴĻᡣ
ܵڶν룿Щ˼顣
˵ͷĽеڶΣ˵еĵڶΣǰҲֻ˵ѣȴĿˡͻ񾳽磬ڻΪ񾳽磬˵ڶηϴĻᣬ½磬Ҫ񾳽̫ˡ
ǰ½Ҫʥ綼Ϊѣ˵Ǵﵽ񾳽ˡҡҡͷ漴ʵô˵ҶǳСһ츳Ӧúܸˣ
һмиƨ츳ֻǾƷ츳ѣҹλѲ߰񾳽ġ
Ѳ״һЩҩȷл񾳽һ˵СһﰡһĽ
濴ǲϱĻ⣬ҶǳСˣǧڽݵ˵дսҲСĵ㡣
п͵ڣлǧҲδؿԹơЦ
˻֪Ϣ
ϾǾԶʶԶǣֻȥ֪ͨˣ˿ɲ֪ѾˣҲͿЩ֪ѡ

ڡ
ҶǳʵѸ
ĻΪѾ˫˫˶״ڣ۷
ĹУҶǳԼΪĺܿ죬ҪһЩ
ȻҶǳΪﵽ״۷ʱĻͣڶ״ڡ
ҶǳҲԭ򣬲ڻ磬½磬ͱΪҪࡣ
ǻ壬Ѷȸ
ϾǴۼ幦ѶȻܴ󣬲һɣҲǳǿ
Ҷǳһʵһ߸Լռ
ռﵽ֮󣬱Ѿûƣܵˡ
ԺҪѰ̫񼶱ĲˣռѾû֡ϡˡ
ռֶһµƣҲơ
Ҳռڶ߿õԭ
Ǳռ޷ͨõռѾǴﵽռˣѾǼˣҪټ
Ҫռֻһ·Ǳɡ
ɱ˵ռֻɸ߼
ҶǳǴռҪֻȥ񼶱ǿˡ
ּǿߵΪû취񼶱
ȻҶǳ˵ңԶҪһ
һѵ㣬Ҫɵ˵
Ҫɵ˵ǰԾԵ²ˣȫԱԼ


1787 ɱ
ʵҶǳаգʵԺԽ²񲻳⡣
ǽ̫񡢻۵Ⱦ硣
ԽҪԽܵжΪѣ˵Ƿ²ˡ
ǿߣֱӾ˻֮Уѱɱ˵Ҫ²ǣ
ΪΪޡԺȥռ֮
οܹռ֮ĶеţǵĿǴۡ
ռ֮ǲܴﵽ۾磬ϾڵĻûдĵĵҲôɵģԵţȥѡռ֮
ҶǳԴ˸еΪͷۣʱҲֻһһˣϾ񶼾ңԶ˵ǻȵˡ
Ժ·Ժȥ룬ھͿЩʵʡ
Ҷǳ뵽漴߶ռԼʱ˵ֻҪռˣʱԷˡ
עֻһ
·һ֮ϵռ֮
䣡
Ҷǳıռʱһ״̬ģûʵʻƹͶӰһ
ռǳйԣ£ʱ˲ˣϳѷ죬ռ졯˽ȥ
ʱ֮ռ׳ࡣ
ҶǳʱоԼٶƺӿ࣬ΧĻ֮Ҳ࣬ΪܿͻƵ״ڣҲﵽ˶״۷徳硣
û뵽֮󣬾ȻĺôҶǳЩϲͬʱҲЩڡ
֪ˣ֮ǰӦʱڷڶѾɹʮСʱˣ˷Ѱ
ԺöһЩɣҲǿɻ֮ٶȡҶǳԼռ֮˽⻹࣬Ժö
һʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ҶǳεĲᣬһ޵֮ͱ˳ȥ
ҶǳѾˡ
ΪѾﵽ״ڣҲﵽ״ڡ
ʵνǱࡣ
ҶǳԸĽ״Ҳаˡ
¡¡
Ҷǳӷڳ֮󣬶ʱͿ˲Զıըĸ״սǧģղ̨ġ
һ棬ҶǳʶʱĿ߱Զ
˿̣һŮղ̨ǧ״÷ǳҡ
ҶǳĺȻ֣Ҳĸ˵ע⡣
ţ
Ȼзߣ
ȻڲɱҲҶǳ˹
ΪղŷҶǳûüϢΪһӾͱĸ˸ˡ
ǧɫһ䣬Щ𾪺Ͳ˼״񣿸շôʵ
ȴ֪Ҷǳ֮󣬱Ǵϲ
æҶǳеҶǳæ
²ҶǳŸոս״񣬵Ͼ״񣬶һֻ֣кôûл
ǿѹ޷ˣٶȶࡣ
Ҷǳ˿ڸ̾ռѹĿֲ
ΪݵѾˣԻĿռѹѾ鲼죬ûдﵽ֮ǰ˶޷ˡ
Ҷǳڸʲô濴ҶǳûԼɵóҶǳŭ
ߣҶǳһԶûʲôӡ󣬶ԷԸƫ䣬ԶĺˬҪܶࡣ
ղ̨ҶǳҲܼȣԺղ̨ӡ϶̫á
ҪǣҶǳԼҪնɱǧˣȻȡǵıͻʯ
ݣ
ҶǳԭһӰƹһԱߣе񽣴貵⣬ǰǧǿնɱ
ʲôڳͫһ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ոһ˲䣬Ҷǳٶȣֱǵ
һ״񣬾ȻҶǳ˲ɱˡ
ǿ״ڵǿߣȻɱˣзȨΪ֪Լֵ
ȻҶǳǰȻ˲һ
ô˵ҶǳǰҲǲһˡ
ݣ
Ҷǳɲںǵ뷨ĿתĶ֣һɱ
ɱ֮ҶǳҲǧǿߵı㳯Զȥһ·ϼնɱǧǿߡ
ڷԱߵһ㶵ؿԶȥҶǳ
ΣŲŵʵ棬㲻˵ŷôôǿɱ״ڵʵѾĽ״˰ɣ
һô֪ԼԻ󣬵һշСӣľƷ츳Ȼһת۱ôǿоΡ
ң뵽ԼղŻŭҶǳһǣҶǳԺ󲻻ᱨɣ
ҶǳղչֳʵΪղ̨߲㣬ʱҪѵ׾١


1788 ɱĽ
ݣ
ҶǳһƲӰɱǧߣЩ˶״񾳽磬һ֮С
ûãҶǳɱʮλǧߡ
ҶǳԵúܣΪջܴ
ЩǧߣÿһٶͬʱǧƷʯ
ֱƶӴƸ
ҶǳʵչֳЩǧҲ׷ԶϾǶҶǳʵ̫ǿˣֱ
ҶǳԴ˺ΣȻʵǿڻĿֲռѹ֮£״ٶҲ첻˶٣Էɢܣ׷ˡ
ټɱǧ֮Ҷǳ߱ûǧˣҿԶԶ뿪ˡ
Ҷǳ˿ŵǱ߸ȥ
͸ӦǿϢ״ҪǿĽ״
Ҷǳ²һݵʣµӦþǧĽ״
ҶǳϹʱϵϢҲͷųϾڳٸ·֮£ʵ޷Ρ
ǿϢʱ˼սеĽ״
ôỹһλĽ״񣿡
ܣݵֻλĽ״񣡡
ǧս͵˸սԶҶǳɫһ䡣
෴Χݵϲ
ȻݵʶҶǳİˣҶǳϴղ̨·ȴԶ׼
ѷǵУ
ݵʱӾмֵֹս͵˸սΧ
лᣬֻҪȵҶǳϹͰȫˡ
ɱ
ս͵˸սһۣ֮¶һĨ֮ɫ漴ǿϢϱȵĻ潫ǵ嶼ȼˡ
ɱ
ս͵˸սʩչǿһݺݵغݵ
ǾȻȼ壡ݵͫһû뵽ս͵˸սôȼĸ÷ǳһ㲻ǲôġ
ݵȻս͵˸սҪȼʱѾѾս͵˸սشˡ
ңս͵˸սһɱֱӽݵɱ
أ
ݵ౦ȫը˵ϡ
ս͵˸սȴǹܲЩæȥϵĻ棬ŸϹҶǳɱȥ
ȻʶܾãĬһֱҶǳ·
ȼ壬ʵµɡҶǳųɱս͵˸ս¶Ц
ѾаտĽ״ˣο֮ǰȼ塣
Ȼս͵˸սȼʱǳݣȼĸúܴµʵ
ҶǳܹӦϢ˥
ߣµɣ֣Ҳɱ㡣սЦ
˸ս˵ĥߣǲȱʱ䡣
ս͵˸ս׼ȴˣʵϣղҶǳͻȻ֣ҲԸȼ壬ȫĥݵȻķѺܳʱ䣬ȴûж˺ȼ֮кܴãҪܳʱȥ޸
ĥңǵݵ𣿿ЦҶǳЦ
ͬʱҶǳӶеʥսһȥ
Ҷǳһֻ֣ʩչתȭݺݵӭɱĵ˸ս
أ
̶ıըӰǵɳȥ
ս͵˸սһѪɣһеˡ
ôܣ
ս͵˸սǲŵصҶǳ𺳡
һ棬ǾȻͱԷشʵԽ̫ˡ
ɱ
ҶǳɲԷʱ䣬ӶȭƸصĵ˸սɱ
ڸղŵһ֮УҶǳԷԼʩչȭսռսҪǿһء
ΪռֻǽսѪɣʩչȭ򽫵˸սˣش˸ս塣
ȻҶǳΪԼռȭΪռ׶Σȭȴǽӽۼս
ӽۼսϴۼĻ壬Ȼǿ
ҶǳռûдﵽԲ磬Ҫɱ׳Լ𽥱ǿ
ԣֽ׶ΣʩչȭҶǳսǿ
䣡
ȻҶǳתȭ֮£˸սǶ֣شֱ޻֮
Զս׼ȥ֧Ԯ˸սǿҶǳǿŵתӡ
ʲôս֮顭ȱסԼС˵
⣬쵰˸սսߣŭͬʱȼֵҶǳɵסҶǳǵʵ̫ˡ


1789 ε
һսѾشĵ˸սȼ壬ǿսҲ֧Ų˶ã㱻Ҷǳɱˡ
ҲƷҶǳһɨ
ԶѾֻʣ±ӰսҶǳɵüͷҵٶҲֻһ㣬Ҫ׷Ҳˡ
Ҷǳǳϣûм׷սǿʼɱϵЩǧ״
Щ״ղ̨ǣƣһʱû취ߣΪҶǳ
ͬʱսİӣ˸ս䣬ղ̨ʿҲﵽ۷壬׷׿ʼΧɱǧߡ
ⳡսΧɱ׷ʮŽ
ȵҶǳصʱһȺղ̨׷Χ˹ҶǳлһԶһ𾪺ͲŵؿҶǳ
ݼ
ȻԶк𾪣˹Ҷǳ
Ҷǳüͷһ壬Զȥѯʵʲô˼ʲôʱɵˣ
Զæ˵Ҷֵܡ֪ղ̨һ涨ڵĵɿΣҲˣǾʵǿղ̨ΣʵǿȻҲǵˡҲʱģղ̨˹ᰲµĵ
ҶǳʱˣַʽԱ֤첻ңʧȥ˵Լˡ
뵽Ҷǳǰһղ̨˵ȥץؿ󹤣ȶԶ¡
˶ʱɢȥ
ԶԵú˷ܣԼЩҶǳ˹ϵԵõˡá˵Խ̤Ľ״񾳽磬ʱҲ
ԶҶǳ뵺漴£ǰԶҲֵŴҲ°ɣʶѾãؾ
ԶæʲôԸ˵±ضȫԸ
ɲ£ҶǳѾǰʶҶǳˣǵˡ
ȻԶҶǳԸ񲻴Ҳҿ϶ǰӴҶǳҶǳıԣһԼûûСҶǳԺСЬô죿
ԣԶǷǳԾعվ˿⣬Ҳԭ
ҶǳεؿһԶĵȼɭ̫ˣ˵ʵһףλô
̾˿ҶǳԶѯʵղ̨ʲôʱ˹
Զǰÿ˹һΣ߿ھĻʯս£ҲпǰҲֻ֪ʮ굽ʮ֮䣬ΪϴѾȥʮˡ
Ҷǳüͷôʱ䣬᲻ǧϮ
Ҷǳ׸Զ˱Ͼڻ֪꣬Ķࡣ
ԶȴҡͷЦȻڻ꣬ҲֻǴݵ֮ǰûнӴֹ֮սǧʧˣҪʱҲףϾʧܵϢȥҪܳʱ䣬ٴιʱ͸ˣ˵Ҳʮϡ
Ҷǳ˿ôʱǾͺãջܴ󣬿ԳûʵʱѡߣӭУ׼
գҶǳԶ˵ҪչҹݵûʲôҪ鲻ҪҡУ֮ǰѲ߾ҪʮһǧĴ
˵գҶǳͽλȥƶԶ
ԶæסƣסеļҶǳǣ
֪ϣһ֮֮ˡ

򷢵Զ֮Ҷǳ㰲ڵչˡ
ȣҶǳһʱٴ
ΪҶǳ֪ǧǷ񻹻ɾʱЩţֻѡ񾡿ʵ˷ʱˡ
ʹʱٴһȱһŵ㣬ŵʱ䣬ȱΪʱٴĻ֮޷ɵ֮
Ҷǳ׼ֱʯԲҪĻ֮
ȻˣҶǳʱٴҲʧ
ΪʯҲȻȡһĻ֮ʱٴĻ֮
ʱҶǳҲ˲˷ˡ
ջܴ
ܿ죬ҶǳͲúʱ
󷨵ĲϣԴεġջ֮ҵõ
Ͼʱٴһǳõ󷨣ÿ߶õõԴ߶в󷨵ĲϣȥĿλҶǳնɱĵ˸սǵ֮жȱЩϡ
ֻΪڻ磬ʱǱٿصģҪʱѶҲǳҶǳڵľʵֻʱʮ
ǧˣղ̨ˣҪʮϴβпִܵݵԣھ˰ʱҶǳ뵽
ʮȻЩźĿǰҲˡ


1790 ջ
ݵԶսһʻŴ󴬣Զݵ
ǰֻǧ˵սЩε̾˿ʧ̫ˡ
ʧȥһλĽ״񣬻ʧ˼ǧ״
Ȼղ̨ɱֻǧˣǣǧܵʱ򣬶Ƿɢܵģ˭֪ܵȥˡ
սҲҵǧˣ뻹ǧӣЩʵܹããǳһĻ٣ܹǧ˾Ͳˡ
ԣ´ʧ롣
մιݵǷɹҪص
սԶԽԽСݵ뵽
֮ǰڵĵ졣
ҪصһߵȴЩȻҪȴǧǰپһƻ
ԣԶʵĺȷ˵ʮˣûʮ꣬սٴݵ
ʵϣʱܸǧ嶼ݵˡ
Ͼǧĸ߲Щ漰͵ʹ͵սΪҪ
һС͵ʧǸᵱһ¡
ҪʱǧηսĿΪץղ̨£ҵղ̨£֪ղ̨ϢǾͲٶһݵˡ

ݵ
ʱٴУҶǳʼԼӴջ
˿͵˸ս⣬Ҷǳλɱٶǧ״һӴĲƸ
ȣǧ׵һǧټĽ׵˼
ݻۣһ׵ֵһƷʯ׵ļֵƷʯ׵ļֵƷʯ
Ľ׵ͼֵһٶƷʯ
Ҳ˵ЩΪҶǳ׬ǧƷʯ
⣬лʯ
λĽ״һǧƷʯ
ٶ״ȴֻΪҶǳǳһǧƷʯÿ״ƷʯĽ״ʵ̫ˡ
ʵҶǳҲеԭĽ״񣬻ʱԶټϴãԴĻʯҪһЩ
״ʱ̣õĻʯ棬оǴԼԱľͺˡ
ҶǳԼ꣬Ҳֻʣ¼ƷʯΪ󲿷ֻʯ棬˭ɵñ
Ͼڻ磬ʵҪ̫Ļʯȱɱֻ֮˵ˡ
ҶǳһڹƷʯǧǼֵǧڻû취ʱֻܱˡ
оЩӴĸֲϡϡϵȵȣЩƷļֵùĿ̫ӴˣЩҶǳûֵ֪ΣֻܵȴԺȥ̽ˡ
ĿǰӵеǧƷʯҲ㹻ˡ
մٶȣʵһҲֻҪһƷʯ
Ҷǳʱ֮УҲʹ꣬ҲֻҪƷʯ
Ҷǳ׼ʹûʯٶȻһ㣬ǧƷʯҲ㹻ˡ
˼ţҶǳƷֻʣǰѻɽƷʯʼ߶
ʱһɹӴĻ֮Ҷǳա
ȻڷкܴĲ㣬Լɻ֮ȴǿࡣ
ʱڲ֪ţҶǳǰѻɽƷʯҲ١
ͬʱҶǳΪȴڲϵǿš
ΪҪʵҶǳҪԼΪڻ壬ʱ
Ѷʵ̫ˣҪķѵĻ֮ҲǳӴҶǳǧƷʯĻ׵Ľ״񾳽磬ѡԼΪ
ҶǳڵΪ״ڣǧƷʯаսΪĽ״񾳽硣
ʱսͿ״ˡ
Ҳսķʽ

Ȼǿ󣬾ȻҵٶʮлһʮƷʯǧƷʯ
Ҷǳϥʱٴ֮УԼûƷʯٶȣɵЦݡ
Ȼлʱֽʡࡣ

ʮʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ҶǳڵʱٴȴѾȥ˰ʱ䡣
ʱҶǳѾǧƷʯǰѻɽƷʯҲ֮һֻʣǧƷʯˡ
ЩٵĻʯȴҶǳΪͻͽ
˿̣ҶǳΪѾﵽ״۷壬ͻĽ״ҲԶˡ


1791 ʮ
ݵ
Զ˫֣Ѳ죬Ļص˵ͷ
ҶǳչѾȥʮˣѾȫ޸û󣬶ҿǱҲȶˡ
ʧλĽ״ݵָֻ
ԶԼĹǳ⣬Ҷǳ֮󣬿϶Ҳġ
֣
ԶһϤ
ԶתͷȥһĿ棬ɵЦˣ㿴жεӣϲڿʼѾˡ
˹һЦڷҲᱻСϣ̸ɣ
ԶЦ֪ɣһδսڷ»ļʣҵΪ£ȱסԼ̸ɡ
ᵽҾ뵽˵һ𵱿ʱһӭ˵ķ˵գóƿƣҽеһƿƶԶ
Զ涪ľƣɵ۾һϲǧ쳾ǼֵһٿƷʯһƿƣʲôʱôˣ
˵꣬ԶͺȣҪȥһ
Ҫ֪־ƲζܹΪǲɶõıԶƽɲ־ƣ˷ѡ
Ҳ־ƹϲֺþƣϧ˷һЩʯ
һɵӣȻҪúףһ¡Ц˵
ԶƲƲ죬вΪȻĹϵûôãҲһ𵱿ߵϤˣԷôľƣ϶
ȻԶҲ⣬Ϊʱµ˶ȥˣΪԶǴ׬һʡ
֮ôԶ£ΪԶƿȨȨͻ˴档
Ǹףһ£Զ˼һת棬Ὺѯʣֲ˰¡
״ҲżҲֱӾȥ̸£һ¹ϵ˵ǧ쳾ľƾܴ󣬵ԶٺȶһЩͺ̸ˡ
ôţ泯ŲԶĵȥѯʵڱչ𣿲ò˵ڷܣ֮󣬳֮⣬Ҿûݵתƹ
ԶЦڷôʵעԺΪǳصĴǣٰ꣬Ľ״Ҳֻݵ͵
˵ʵЩ֣˵츳ʱɶڳƷ츳ôô죿Щ
ԶڰֵʲôֵģҲʱǼˣֲǲ֪ʯļܵ£Ҳֻ츳ʯĲԲ׼ȷϧǶֻղ̨ǲС
ɣͷҲпܣǡ
˵Ϊ״񾳽磬ȴһжһɱһλĽ״Խɱеʵ̫ǿˣǰû˵š
ԶЦһֱݵСطܹţ˵һһΪ˫˫״񾳽磬սǿһЩҲȻ츳϶Ҳǿ֮ˣԺעɾͺܸߣҼȻԵܹʶǾͺúúðᡣ
˵գԶֶҡҡͷ氡˵㰡֮ǰԵ̬ȿɲ̫áңȥҵ£ϵҲлݵ㵹ãһʶ˵ȻԵмһˣҪͽᵺˡ
пƣ֮ǰǼҶǳϾҶǳһ͵˿ͷ󻹵õ˿Я뵱շʱ򣬿ڶſĥ˺ܶ꣬ЩҶǳҲ
Ȼ˼֮⣬ҪҶǳԵ츳̫ˣǾƷ츳ʱɲΪҶǳԺܹжٳɾͣȻȥҶǳ
ǣû뵽ҶǳȻһת۱ôǿͽҶǳʱѾˡ
뵽濴ԶЦǰҲԣⲻȡ֣ʶһҪڵǰ˵˵û
˵գ滹óһǧƷʯԶ
ԶʯʱЦû⣬ϾʶҲ࣬Ҫ£϶Ҫˣұˡ
ǾͶлˣԺΨհ
˵˵


ʱٴڣҶǳһǿϢ¶š
ȥʮ꣬Ѿȥ꣬ѾǧƷʯ
Щʯİ£ҶǳһͻƿΪĽ״ڡ
Զûңղ̨ǧ嶼û˹ǲȻ԰ȵʮꡣ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
Ϊֻʮأû뵽ôʱ䣬һͻƵĽ״񾳽硣
ڵʵԽԿ״ݵСط㹻ưˡ


1792 
ҶǳΪĽ״ںûмΪˣǿʼȭ
ʮĹҶǳȭ˵һʽתҲĿǰܹﵽļޡ
Ҷǳ㣬ȭǾֻԼԼĻĽ״񾳽硣
Ҫܳʱ䣬Ҷǳֻʱ

ݵԶһҾ޴սʻ
սϣһĸߴŲԶݵȵҶ׼սʱǧղ̨սϣҲ֪ݵǷѾǧˣǧҪ⡣
ǣһղ̨߷׷Ӧ
˵ϲûжٽţΪǲΪʲôΣա
һλĽ״񼶱Ц˵Ҳ̫ˣһС͵ѣ㱻ǧռˣѵǲ״ҿҲǲĽ״ѡ
ĺݺݵ˴һۣҸľǳأСĽ䡣
ƲƲ죬ȴǲٶײĺԷϾǴʵҲǿܶࡣ
Ա߻Ľ״ӶƣǼ״΢΢һЦ
ĺԸΪսɢˣֲǵһΣѾϰˡ

սݵܿͱݵѲԱˡ
ĺԶԶݵǧģɵþȵû뵽СȻסǧĽ
Ʋǧ˸û
ܣĺҡͷҵõϢһǧȫղ̨еĵ죬Ŀǰû˵С͵ûܵ
ûжײȴֵЩǧ˷˲ɣͻȻͿȫսܾѵ紫ǰ㣬ΪѰղ̨ʧٵС
һԵĺӶֿԺܴ󣬾СʧѾϰʱˣС϶ˣֻǲ֪ΪȷСһǳء
˵ͷ˵˵꽫Сߵʱշ籩ʱշ籩ὫСأǳصļʷǳС
ǹ̫ܵˡ
ĺϼ˵̸ۣߵ鲻ǿԲֵģǵݵĻʯع굺
˵֮䣬Ѿݵ
ͬʱõϢҶǳͳˣԶǰӭӡ
ԶԶأҶǳ͸ܵ˼ǿϢĽ״񼶱ϢһϢԽĽ״񣬵вǺܴӦ״ˡ
ʵϣҲֻ״Żһս״ϵǿߣ϶Ƕˡ
ˣ뿪ݵˡҶǳ𽥽ӽݵս΢΢һЦ
ݵ˰꣬ѾˣɲԶһһֱʱ䡣
ңҶǳôȲȥսЧʸߣϾսԻӴսƷ
ҶǳΪΪһεսʶֻвϵսܿΪʵ
ˣҶǳǳղ̨Ĵǰء
һ죬ڵˡ

սɸߵ˻ԵüΪֲ
ڳĶЩ˻޷ǡ
ݣĵӰս£Ҷǳǰ
ţµĽ״ǵͿأ
ĺǰҶǳʵ
һ״УҶǳĽ״ҫ۵ģȾ⵽Ҷǳ
󡢺ӶҲҶǳܹܵҶǳΪֻĽ״ڣµĽ״
û뵽ݵСطȻܹһµĽ״񡣡һЦ
Ƶ˵ӦһδսͻƵġ

ҶǳĺʮǰǧλսϮ͵Ѿսݵ
˻һĺ˽ɫһ䡣
ǵ۾Ҷǳɵ˵ǵͿѾսˣ
Ҷǳź󵭵˵ͷںĽ״ûж⣬Ͼͬ
ںŪ𣿡ҶǳͿսˣôסݵģѵǧˡ
ĺӶҲһɵؿҶǳҲɻ
ҶǳԤϣ˵ڹؼʱͻƵĽ״񾳽磬նɱһλǧսݵĿȨ
ЦŭЦһͻƵĽ״ܹһжλĽ״һǿš˵ҪɱһˣǾ˵ˣҶƾһ½Ľ״ܹ쵽


1793 һ
ݵͷĺкơӶ˶һɵؿǰҶǳ
ǲҶǳĻ
ʹҶǳתĺ˵ҾҪ˭֪ǲǴ˹ǧ壬ݵͿ
Ҷǳ۾һУ鷳⼸һֱܿȻԷǾͱˡ
ˣҶǳ˵첻飬˰쵽ˣɱˣΪ˭ǳصһ𣿡
˻ֱӷ̺ˣɫʱһͨ죬Ҷǳ߳ŭҲǳصһţҺôҲĽ״ڣһĽ״ڣܰ쵽ܰ쵽飿
Ϊ϶ʵһǵһ˵ѵûԽɱеһǹªˡҶǳط̵
ݺݵҶǳмǣȷԽɱеţ𣿡
˵ָ꣬ҶǳԱߵԶʵվԱߣӦúϤ֪츳ǼƷ
⡭Զһ㶣ƺû뵽ǣԼҵҶǳҲҵǰղ̨ս˳һ£˵츳ǡƷȷʵǵݵһ
ûԶĻǰֱӴϣؿҶǳһƷ츳㻹ٰԽɱеţȰ㻹ʵʵôǧģʡǲ
Ҷǳǰĺһ
ΪҶǳѾ޻˵ˣɵתͷĺ˵Ѿˣ˿϶ǧļϸҼǵõǧҲôһ߲ġ
ǧݱ¶¼ҲѾǳء
ղ̨ǧֵ¼Ҳٰղ̨ĸ߲һ飬ȻмϸǿŸǧ年ᣬȻáսһǧ߲㡣
׳գҶǳĻ̲ס
ɫصҶǳŭң
ֻ˵ʵҶǳ˵Ҳɫ
һԵĺüȽϽ׶϶ɣҲҶǳĻϾҶǳĻ©̫ˡ
ңĺҲΪһ½Ľ״ܹλǧսһ˻ɱǴ˾ˣǴ˵츳žƷ
츳Ҳţ
ܺýҪ϶Ƿ˵ѣһսɡʱһԵƵ˵
һ˶ʱ۾һ
ǰȻҶǳʵǲһ²Ϳ
˵ɱһλĽ״񣬻һλĽ״ܵŷʵɡ
ĺһԴȻˣԴҲˣ˵Ķԣһ㡭ˣ֪ʲôأ
ĺҶǳʵ
ҶǳĺǼΪģæ˵ҽҶǳ
ĺ˵ͷЦ˵Ҷǳţ֡Ҳǻ㣬ϾݵСطȷٳԽɱеšɣĽ״ڣһһʵ
СӵʵɣսһмؿҶǳߵݵǧսʵĽ״ڣҲֻаջǣȴûаջɱеκһˣֻлң֤û˵ѡ
ԣҶǳӦȻѰ裬Ǿͱˡ
粻ãҶǳ鷳Ҳ鷳
˵һССĽ״ûз
Ǻãͺɣǵ㵽Ϊֹǧ˺ĺ˵ͷ˿
Ҷǳ˻֣ԶҲ˿
жʱֻʣҶǳͺˡ
мؿҶǳ˹ָСӣʮУ˵Ϊ۸㡣
ԶĺӶƶһںԸҲϰˡ
ҶǳûиϻҲøϻгʥһ
ҵķ㶼ƣԵúţгһƣԼǰǳǿ
ȻҶǳĽʱʱɫ䡣
䣡
ƶҶǳһˣһǣ׹Զı̲֮С
ôܣ
Զսĺˣһ𺳡
ǿؿҶǳֻһȻǿĹ
ӽ״ڵĹˣһĽ״۷Ҳûôǿĺһ𾪵ؿҶǳ
ҶǳѾʥĺʵҪ֤𣿡
ˣĺҡҡͷ


1794 뿪
ݵ
ĺλһεս¼ǰҶǳ΢Цһ֮ݵչ涨һͿԽǧս
⣬ɱһλĽ״񣬽սһ򡣻ɱٶλ״ÿλ״սǱһʮοԻǧʮս
ĺ£Աߵĺ󡢺ӶλսһĽؿҶǳ
һӻôսǶ۲
ҶǳҲܼԶ˽ղ̨սֵƷʯ㣬һս൱һƷʯ
ǧս൱ǧƷʯ
Ȼû˻ɵսһƷʯΪղ̨壬ս԰۶һղ̨Ʒ
ֻҪղ̨忪̵꣬ս԰۶һƷ
˵һһһֵһƷʯսֻҪǧս͹ˡ
ԣҶǳõǧսǾ൱ǧƷʯˡ
Ҷǳܹ

ҶǳսĺͿʼԶһղ̨սˡ
йͣҲղ̨Ĺأ˭Ըղ̨
һ˻ս֮Եú˷ܣϾսջɱġнˮ̫ˡ
˵սܰ۹ղ̨Ʒ
Զ˶Եúܼ
ҶСѣʲô㣿
򷢵Զһղ̨֮ĺҶǳЦ˵չ涨һսӵгΪһС͵쵺ʸÿнˮһƷʯڿѡΪݵ߿ҲѡҵĴӣһط굺
Ҷǳмһ£һһƷʯһǧܻһǧƷʯнˮһĽ״˵ѾǳҲΪ㡣
Ͼղ̨壬ƽ˻ṥݵ⼸ǰõĺô
Ȼǧղ̨巢ս飬ݵҲᰲȫ
ҶǳƬ̱ҡͷѡ洬
ãҾ֪һƫһżˡĺԷǳˣΪҶǳʵǿҶǳǴӣǴӵʵһ¥
Цգĺ󡢺Ӷˣʵأ˭ԸΪݵĵͿ
ңæ˵ʶҶֵܵʵزԼĲ֮׼úǱһʱ䣬ȡﵽĽ״۷壬ȥͶ
ĺЦŵͷҲãҲǸóһˡ
һɣҲҪǱһʱ䡣ӶҲ˵
ĺ˵ͷ˵ǱݵĵͿɡ
˵꣬ĺתͷҶǳ˵׼£ǼɾҪ뿪ݵƣղ̨ȥ˻ʯ
һ仰ǶԱߵ˵ġ
æȥˡ
ҶǳҲûʲôʰģԶǴкĺ뿪صĺսϡ
վھ޴ļװϣҶǳעǰݵ΢΢пСĵһվҪ뿪˵ˡ
ҲҶǳ̤˻ĵһ
֪ںεأ
ҶǳԶ̲а뵽
ڰɣҶǳǺܵģΪͨǧηս֪ɺղ̨²ûΣա
ǧץסղ̨£ǾͲᷢսˡ
Ȼǧ廹ûץסղ̨¡
ղ̨Ϥǳص˴·ҶǳŰɲʲôΣա
Ҷǳ˵ʵҪûʵΣҲΪԼûʵͱ˵ȥˣԼʵǸ
һˡҶǳ˼ʱѾ˻ع鴬ˡ
ĺ˵ͷ漴һ֣ȵǰ굺
ߣ󡢺Ӷһղ̨Ŀž޴սԶȥ
ǳҶֵվ뿪ݵԶսҶǳӰˣδΪǳصĴ
ԱߵһƵؿսԶȥոջ¸ԶҶǳùϵҶǳ뿪ˣ˷۱
ȴǲ֪ҶǳͲϲԸˣԶǰ˵ûʱҶǳû¡
ȻҶǳҲûѡѹ棬Ϊ˵Զ棬ֻ֮еͨͨĹͶѡ

սϡ
ҶǳĿݵһС㣬ʧתսϵһС
սǳ޴󣬲еٶȲ죬Ͼ̫ˣٶȻҲ
ȻҲһλ״ˮεٶȿ졣
ͬʱ屻һƬ͸ĹְǼװϵ̵ķ󷨻֣˵Եֵһλ״ĹҲԵֵΡ
ôһǳкаɣʲôо˹ҶǳЦ˵
Ҷǳƣ̾𺳣


1795 
ȷ𺳣Ϊǳ̫ˣҶǳǵһ߳죬̤ǳأͷųԼʶ˷Բﶼоǳصı߼ʣֱֲ
Ҫ֪Ҷǳǿʶ˵һˣʮ涼⡣
ɴ˿ɼƬǳжôӴ
ȻҶǳ𺳵ǣǳڻ磬ȻֻһС
ж
޷
Ǻǣҵһ̤ǳأҲ𺳣ҶǳĻɵ΢΢һЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ָսѯʵ˵ۺһЩǷУΪǳص߻սУ
еٶȿ϶ȺеٶҪöࡣ
ңһΣգз϶ܹı
ȴݸһЦҶǳ˵۵ļ۸ܹһֻ߽ϵĴǾôʯҲݳ޵عۡڷǵǶз󣬵ǳ⣬ƽɲʹá
ʹãҶǳһ㶣漴ʵΪʲôʹã
ָսµ̲Ц˵㽫ʶ̽ˮУʶܹ̽Χ
ҶǳЩɻ󣬲ǰƵָʾԼʶ̽ˮС
ף
Ҷǳʶ̽ˮкоԼʶܵ˾޴ͺɳһȥǳѣ̽ķΧҲСܶࡣ
ҶǳϸԱһԼʶպˮе̽鷶Χ𾪵ط֣Լʶˮе̽鷶ΧȻֻ̽鷶Χǧ֮һ
˵Ҷǳˮϣʶ̽һôˮ¾ֻ̽ʮҲ̫ˡ
𣿡
ƿ𾪵ҶǳѵзУǾͺñҫ۵İӣһΣգӶӵõ෴ˮеĻǵİȫԾʹˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷΪʲô˲ʹ÷ԭˡ
Ҳڴʱսһ£漴ǱˮУһǱͧһʼˮкС
󷨹赲Χˮ벻
ҶǳŹĸɫȺͺݣЩ۽磬ˮ׵ľɫ
վҶǳԱߣ˵ȻڿзкΣգǷеٶȿҲԣȵ˷굺㻹һԱ޻
Ҷǳ˵ͷ㲻ҲףǶзĽ״ϵ߿϶ҲУʱΣգûзĻӶӲߡ
ʲôأʱĺ˹Цʵ
״սϣҲֻƺҶǳĽ״ܹۣ״û¡
ҲҶǳˣܸĺƽȽ̸
ҶֵܺΪʲô÷ϷУءЦŻش
ĺ˵ͷҶǳɫ֣صѵ˵ĶԣǳأǧҪи·ǵӣΣա
лѣˡҶǳ˵ͷ
ĺЦ˵ҪһģãһǧѲߣǿһ߽׷ߣԲűסС
߽׷󣿷Ҳֵȼ𣿡Ҷǳʵֻղ̨˵󣬵֪Ҳеȼ֡
ǵȻĺЦҲȻҲֵȼ߽׷൱߽׵
ǻһƷʯ򵽰ɡҶǳ̾
ΪŽףÿױһΡ
һֵһʮƷʯȡ
ĽֵһһǧƷʯȡ
ֵ߽һ¥߽׵ֵҲһƷʯ
߽׷൱߽Ǽֵ϶һƷʯ
߽׷ȷֵһƷʯ
ĺ˵ͷ˵ǳѣֻǧղ̨зҪ󣬹лʯǲеģҪս
ֻս󣿡ҶǳȻ
ĺ˵ͷЦղ̨ǧ壬ԷĿƷǳϸҪ󣬾ֻսһҲǧս
ҶǳЦ⻹û˿𣬻ʯ׬սɲ׬
ģ֮ǰĺ󡢺ӶĽ״ֻҪݵСϵһ͵׬ȡһƷʯ
ǧսͲһˣƽɱһĽ״ֻܻһսɱһٸĽ״С
һĽ״ôɱϰٸĽ״񣬾ɱǵúķѶꣿ
Ľ״񼸺ѴǧսԴ룬ҲúķʮˣûԸôսɷ󣬿϶ԼΪ
ϾվԼʵǸ


1796 ִ굺
ҶǳԼھǧսҪ߽׷϶𣬶ݵĸһ׬ȡôս
ԺĻֻûˣÿɱ׬ȡս
ҶǳڵʵɱĽ״ףǣĽ״ֲǴײˣʮϰٸ
˵ҪϰٸĽ״ҶǳҲ򲻹ЩĽ״ɲͬ״ϰٸ㹻ɱһλ״ˡ
ԣҶǳԼʱ޷ʵ˵ʵǿˣɱ״ɱɱĽ״׬ȡսࡣ
״ֵսɱʮ͹ǧսˡ
Ҷֻ֣Ľ״ʵù߽׷׷͹ˡҶǳ˼ʱԱߵЦ˵
ĺҲͷΪͣ㹻սûʵҪʱ׷ˣ׷ļֵֻͣҪһǧսܶһ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵˼ԼֻĽ״񣬲Щ״У״ĵˣԷһĿҲǻɱĺ״񣬿ɲϡ
ԣ׵ķʱˡ
Ҷǳ׼׵ķֻҪΪһΣܿ״񣬻Ҫ׷ʲôսԼʵ
ˣģȥˣƣҶֵ˵һǷ굺ĺܿˣشȥˡ
ƶҶǳЦǳڷܣҲѹ֣Ѿﵽ״ڣҪ״۷ˣ״Ҳܽˣôʵλط굺󣬿Ҫչһʱ䣬϶Ҫȳ״ڣٳȥִ񡣡
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲܹܵĺʵǿԼ֮¡
ҶǳڵΪĽ״ڣռĻԽ״ڣĺȷЩ
ʹȭĻҶǳаպĺһսٿڲ֮ء
Ҷǳûʲôģĺ״ǳҲ㲻ø֣߽״ʵǸ֡
ҶǳĿǰԶ
ȻĺҪչأλط굺ҲҪûһʵҶǳ뵽
ǧսǧƷʯԼֵǧĸ֡ϡЩʵһ¥
뵽Ҷǳɵѯʵ֣ĿǰĴ٣ǰ굺Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
˵Ҫһҡ
ҶǳЩǳػǴ󡣲˵һҲֻǵָ˲ѡ
ôʱ䣬Ҷǳýˣôվڼװ죬˳ǰ˽һ·굺Լǳء
ƱϾĽ״񣬶һǸĺⴳĽ״ʶ㣬ɱݵԶǿˡ
Ҷǳ˽⵽ղ̨жôӴ
ղ̨ղ̨һ죬ͬʱղ̨廹ʮ͵죬һ͵죬ԼС͵죬Χ֮ռʮ֮һǳء
ֻǲ֪ǳλڻʲôλã
Ҷǳ뵽
ɲΪΪҰģŮĿռ˺Ҫĵλȥǧ꣬ȴ
Ҷǳ԰ǰ˽Ĳֻ֪࣬ǳһǿ
ǸղҶǳҲʹˣԷ֪ʲôҲû˵塣
Ҷǳ˼ԭһǹ̫СˣټϾǳغԶǳص߲֪塣ڶ־ǳ̫СˣƫһżӴ֪塣
ҶǳԼҪ֪壬ֻȥղ̨ȥѯղ̨µĸס
ղ̨µĸ񣬼ʶ㣬뿪ǳкܴ֪塣
Ҫǰղ̨ǣҶǳڵʵɲҲҪﵽ״񼶱ӵп߽״ʵС
·Զ⣬ҶǳڻԶüŬ

ʱתۼš
굺Ӵ͵ڳҶǳʶӦˡ
ڿ굺֮սòˮ׸ˮ档
Ϊ굺ĻΧܹ㣬ǼˮǱУᱻΪˣ굺Ļ󹥻
굺͵Ļһ֮¾ɱҶǳһˡ
Ҷ֣ӭ굺ЦŶҶǳ˵
Ҷǳһؿ굺ʶӦУ굺ͬݵ굺ǳ֣һ¯һ
ң굺ڵʵǳǿĽ״洦ɼ׵ĴҲڽֵʱ
׵ѲߣҲżһš
ȥҶֵȹһ䣬Ǽлϡսͣڷ굺ͷĺҶǳƻӻ֣ʹȥˡ
Ҷ֣Ҳ߰ɡƶҶǳЦ


1797 Ԫ
Ҷ֣굺¥Ʋ˺ζҪȥһ٣·ϣʵ
Ҷǳҡͷȥղ̨̻ɣ㶫˳ϵĸֲϺ
ðɣʼ磬Ҷǳǰղ̨̻ᡣ
ղ̨̻ͳһղ̨¥¥ֻ¥ÿһ㶼ܴԶԶȥһȻſڴϡ
Ҷǳһղ̨¥һ״񼶱ŮߴƷ˹
λǰʲôЧ͵ģŮöò˿Ŀ
ȻҶǳҲûдС֣֮ûˡˣŮ̫ˡ
ŮҲԽʵǿŮԽأҲԽˡ
ֻǶʵԸŮ˷ʱ䣬ܶ߶Ůۡ
ҶǳԶ桢ơĺȵȣһɶǹ
Ҷ֣ղ̨¥ߣʲôҪѯУƵĻ
ҶǳǰŮͷ˵ҪһЩϣ˳㹺һЩƷ
õģλǰһ΢Цŵͷ漴Ҷǳƽһ䡣
棬ŮߣǵĵλƺһЩڸҶǳݲ衣
ҶǳЩпЩ½ôţƣһǰ˻磬ȴ󹤣ŮҲΪˡ
֪ΪʲôҶǳȻ뵽ʡǣЩһﲻ֪ڿ
ٺ٣ҶǳЩЦ
ǰ
ʱ֮ǰŮ˹һʯݸҶǳ΢Ц˵ǰղ̨¥Ʒȿѡٸҡڴϣ㽻Ҿˣȥ˰
Ҷǳӹʯ漴ơ
Ҷǳ˼Ц˵İɣղ̨¥ղ̨ˣǲǵģѲϸ˼ʱǻü۸㡣
ҶǳڨڨһЦ漴ֲϺһöռָｻŮԼżʯʶעС
ʱƷҶǳԺУЩƷͼʾϸĽܣԼ۸
ϢǳӴ󣬼ҶǳǿʶҲһСʱŽϡ
ʱҶǳѾ֪ԼҪʲôˡ
ѡƷһʱٴ̣ԼһٱԼõʱٴǿʮ
ڵڶһһԵĵҩԪ
ղ̨µָ㣬Ҷǳ֪ܳΪĵҩԼ츳
ҶǳѡıԪʵģһֿԶʱڽʹߵΪһεġһԵҩڹؼʱ̱ƴһֵҩ
ʵ˵ҶǳһοҩĽʱһ
һΣҲ̫ˡ
Ҷǳڵʵ±Ԫܿ״ˣɱ״һ򵥡
һԵҩкܴĸãԪĸøҩЧһֲ
±ԪȻڶʱڽΪһΣȵҩЧɢȥ֮ʹߵΪͻһΡ
Ҳ˵һҶǳ±Ԫ֮󣬹ȻԻɱˣΪͻĽ״䵽״۲ν
ֹؼʱ̿Ծı۴Ҳ˹
Ҷǳˡ
ǰĲѾˣһֵǧƷʯȿͬĻǾͽסʱŮѾˣֵݸҶǳһʯ
ҶǳӹʯעʯʱͿ˸ֲϺ֮ǰڿռָĲϺͬǣЩϺעͣ˵ǵֺôԼղ̨¥ļ۸
Ҷǳ鿴һ飬˲ټʶ֪˲ϡϵô
ûпǶãҶǳЩϣȫƷʯ
Ҷǳ۴ǧƷʯ˰ǧƷʯ
Ҫ
궫ˡ
Ҷǳ˻֣ʱٴ̣бԪͼ۳
ԱߵһԪɵһæҶǳѵҶֵ֣ҩĸúܴҪ
Ҷǳͷ˵Ѿˣ߽׵ķǾűԪɡȻĸúܴ󣬵ؼʱֻҪԱΪҲûʲô˵ġ
ҲԣͷǰΪûǾʲôûˡϧⱬԪҪսǧܶһʯ򲻵ҿ𡣡
ⱬԪһֻսһ޷ûʯ
ҶǳսպÿԶһһűԪ


1798 ĺ
һűԪֵǧս
һʱٴֵ̣һƷʯ
ҶǳƷ뿪ղ̨¥
ʱҶǳƷʯ8400򣬱ԪһţĽ񽣣ʱٴһ
ʱڲȱʯˣȱչΪټıʯҶǳ뵽
񲻱ڻ½ҶǳڵʵڻײģûаȫУҪʵ
ʯļֵʵֻ˷ѡ
ʵ߶ᴢ̫Ļʯǻ㣬һõٻʯͻõ٣ҪʲôƷŻᴢһʯ
ҲΪʲôҶǳɱô״õĻʯǳϡٵԭˣЩײߣҪʯ׳ղŻᴢʯ
ҶǳڲҪʲôƷ׼ʯ׼ȫԼʵ
Ҷ֣㻹ҪȥԱߣЦʵ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵鷳ˣǻȥɣҪչҲûչһΣȴغ󣬿ɾû취ٱչˡ
ЦҶַģǺܺ˵ģʲôʱչضԣǶ㣬ϾʵǰԺұһϵˣ˴˶Ǳ˴˵ĺܣȻϣʵԽǿԽá
Ҷǳͷһϵ˾սѣһϵǺģϾһΣգҪЭУﷴǼֱѰ·
ȻҲΪҶǳʵǿĺƲŻôҶǳ

굺һƻֺĸĺ
ƴҶǳ߽ۡһ·ϽܵǴڷ굺ĸۡҲĺӵܲԺΪûдﵽ״֮ǰҪס
ҶǳʵΪﵽ״񾳽أ
Ц˵ǵȻǽˣʱҲӵһĸۡԴһҴӣԼӺǳء
ҶǳԵ˵ͷ
Ƽ˵ȻһǱǵ״֮ѲߡҴҲҪɢˡɢĻôڴ״֮ǰҪ̤״񾳽磬Ӷ̳Ҵӡ
һţһ߽ĺ
ۡǳӴߣһ״ĺӵĴԱʣµıһЩһס׵Ĵˡ
ҶǳЩʵЩһ׵ĴҪڿ𣿡
ʱҪڿġ
Щһ׵ĴȻǸշģôҪڿ
Ǻǣ͵С͵Ĳ֮ͬˣ͵˶࣬Ҫô󹤣һЩߣᱻ顣֮ǰղ̨¥ߣоЩˡˣĺÿλԱˡʲôȵ飬ԽȥЦ˵
ҶǳȻ
ҲԣЩһ׶׵ĴڻʵͣԱҲû취ˡ
ҶǳЩԼǳС͵ķǳ͵ķҲҪˡˣ̫ˡ
Ҷֵܣ𣡡ԶĺҶǳƣɵЦ֡
ҶǳȥĺߣһλĽ״񼶱ߣǸӣһĴֿͰ
ԱߵӦǴյսÿҴһ㶼䱸λս
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴һĺ
ĺָҶǳƣԱߵӽܵҸ˵ҶǳƣҶǳһյսʵǿӽ״񡣶ƣҵϲˣĺѾ꣬ҲĽ״ڵΪʵ
˵꣬ĺָԱߵӣҶǳƽܵҶֵܣλֵܽУյսԺұһҴϵֵˣҪ׽׽ˣֵܵʵǿΪﵽĽ״۷壬ʱпܽ׵״񡣡
ҶǳƿУҲǣ˴˵˵ͷ
ЦŶĺ˵Ľ״۷߿Ƿǳ֣û뵽ҵˡ
ãղȥʱֵܣٺ١ĺһЦ漴ֵˣһҪչأǶ׽׽ɡ
˵꣬ĺ㼱Ҵˡ
Ц˵ջܴ󣬹Ƶغ󣬱̤״۷徳ˡ
ҶǳѾ֪״񼶱Ĵʸȡղ̨巢ֻҪܹý
ĽǴУЩͨԱûʸֵý
ʵϣЩסĽ״񣬶ǸĺȥģҪʲôջҲֻܿɱһЩжߡ
ǿʳʤ̭ķڻӵʵпᡣ


1799 
ĺߺλսҲûиҶǳģǵش˸к뿪ˡ
ǰҲȷаʱƿȥıӰЦ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷеȷе
ΪﵽĽ״۷徳綼ûҴӣȻǳŽġ˵
̣ҶǳȻؿơ
ƽ͵ЩΪﵽĽ״۷徳ߣһЩΪﵽ״۷Ĵӣһȵ״֮Ҳ״񾳽ˣӶһٽմĴӣʱǾͲҪԼ齨ˣʡ˺ܶ๦;
ҶǳԻȻ֮ǰ˵ˣĺ״񾳽ǵ˽״񾳽磬ܽĺĴӡ
ȷʡ˲ٹ;ϾһĴӣʩ䱸ȫ˴˻Ϥʡĥϵʱ䣬Լ齨ǿˡ
ԭˣҪоˡҶǳ漴ЦóҲҪĺĴӡ
ԿЦҵΪһ𣬹ûȴﵽ״񾳽硣һְԺ϶ദ治ϣǵĴҶ㣬ʵǿԸΪǵĴ
ҶǳֵҾͲˣȻʵǿΪϾŸո̤Ľ״ڲãǶ״񾳽磬Ҷܽ״񾳽硣
ô˵ҶʵǿԺֻҪսΪ϶׷ǵġƲСҶǳϾʶҶǳǿʵ
ڻ磬ʵܵõԴΪٶȻҲܿ졣

Ƶ£ҶǳԼס
ָǰԺ䣬Ц˵˵Ժ㻹еԵ֡
ŶҶǳеɻؿǰԺ䡣
ЦԭǺסģ
ҶǳɵݸһЦȷԵ֡
ˣҶ֣ҾͲˡ漴͸ˡ
ߣҶǳĿȥŽǰԺ䡣
Ժ沢ǿһˣһ״񼶱ߣǿҶǳ߽æ
ٰݼǰ
ӳذݼǰ
Ҷǳǰһ״񣬴˵ϣԿóһ˿ΨҶİ
Ȼ˺һ½ʱ򣬶ǰȺۣµǿڡ
ϧ˻һжҪͷʼ
½жôߵĵλжô磬˿̶ҪҶǳǰͷ
΢пһ£ҶǳɵúʵǷˣ
ǰ꣡ٹӦ
һԵľӳҲæ˵ǰ˰ˡ
ҶǳЩʱҪҪ֪֮ǰʱٴģֻһʮҡ
ʵΪ𣬿ɲ˶á
ˣԼȥɣұչصʱҪңǴҡҶǳ漴˵һ״ҲûʲôȤ
ԼӺҶǳ·󷨺ʱٴ󣬱㿪ʼʯˡ
ٺ;ӳؿҶǳڵӣ˲ɵһЦ
λǰɱ֮ǰλǰ˵ˡЦ
ӳص˵ͷЦչغðǰչأҲͲʹˣҲʱչˡ
Щ˵˵ĪڡǰչˣϾǶ뱻ǰʹΪ˵ζɲܣҲҪʱ

ʱٴС
ҶǳŻʯʼԼ塣
һûмΪԼĻ塣
ΪĽ״ڣ״ڣѾƽˡ
ҶǳҪƽ⣬Ͼȭսֻǿܷӳǿ
Ҷǳѡ

ǳأղ̨ǡ
ղ̨ĴӪҲǳڽеļ֮һǳ
˿̣ղ̨ڵһۡУһӣһòڴؿǰһ澵ӡ
澵ӳɫһŨӵĻ֮߶£Ũɢȥ¶һƬĺ
óƬղ̨ڵƬ
ôµټ𣿡Ũɢȥæʵ
ҡҡͷЦûУ龳ʾղ̨ǷԲﺣֻҪ̤ƬҾܸӦõڿ²ûǰղ̨ǡ
ô죿ǧ嵽£ҵ£¾Σˡһż֮ɫ
˱ղ̨µĸĸӽղ̨Ԫղ̨ļҲһλǿղ̨ĸһλŽ״


1800 ˫˫Ľ
ȱż
ղ̨ԪŹһżӣæοǧ廹ڹղ̨죬˵ǻûҵ£ҲʱûΣա
񼱵ûΣգɲԺûΣգֻҪһûлΣա
ղ̨Ԫҡͷ֪ǻΣա棬ӵİȫ
ΪΣЩ⡣
ղ̨Ԫһ͵ǧǿ߼ղ̨ڵƬǰãһӦǧ峤ǧϢʱ¸ϻҲûջס
ɶЩһȻǱղ̨ǸǾǼǱ𣿲ܸ𣿡Դŭ
ղ̨ԪЦûõģֻҪǲղ̨ǣҾû취ղ̨ǵ󷨶ԸǡҵֹҪ㣬ҲץסǡΨһİ취ҵ£ȻԳȥ»
ããǳأҪβҵ£Ȼûġ
ղ̨ԪЦ˵İɣǵŮɲôûղ̨ǣ˵Ҳڵղ̨ǺΣգҾͷˡ
Ҳ£ﻹǺܵģҿŮûͱǧǸ쵰ˡҭš
ղ̨Ԫӵס񣬰οİɣѾˣ˹ǧе졣һǧȻҪǵֻܹǵĵ죬޷ٳѰǵŮҲͰȫˡ
ϣƽ

굺ĺ
ǧʱתۼš
ҶǳʱٴлһǿϢϱõķ󷨶Щ᧿Σ
Ϣ֮ǿԽһ״񣬼ʹĺ¶ҪޱȣΪϢѾҪǿˡ
ҶǳܿԼǿƣûϢȥϾ뱩¶Լʵڻ磬еƲŻþá
ҵĻڴﵽĽ״ھˣΪһˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶǳԼɵһЦݡ
õʵҲ࣬ôܲˣ
ܿ죬ЦݾתΪ˿ɬ
ΪĽ״ڣ8400Ʒʯȫùˣһ˿ʣ
һƷʯûˣѾ޷ûʯˣҲôͳˡ
ҵΪĽ״񾳽磬ҲǧƷʯȴ
ҶǳЦҡͷûƿҪĻʯȴǳࡣ
ңҶǳܹظӦĻǿʱҪĻʯ͸ˡ
ԺĻ壬Ȼһ޵׶ҪĻʯȥ
ˣҶǳҲԸ塣
Ϊ壬̫ǿˡ
ͱڣҶǳȻΪĽ״ڣ֮£ټȭаտ״۷徳ǿˡ
ҵռƣҪ񾳽磬ͱġԣҵڴ֮ǰӵз²ʵС
ҶǳзǳҪھŽ״񾳽ʱӵз²սǾͱ壬Ϊܷ²һλȻҲ޷񾳽硣
壬ڱصãܷҲ
ȻˣǾҪ취׬ȡĻʯˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ĺڱչʱڲȥִҲû취׬ȡʯ
ҲҿԼȥʵڵʵĺֻ߲ͣ״ҲаձƾǿűԪҶаշɱ״ʵѾǿԶǳˡ
ҶǳƬ̣漴ͷ뷨ȻڵʵĺǶǳص˽⣬ǧ˽⣬϶ĺ
ǳأ˭֪ʲôطΣգ˭֪ǧĸƬУ
ЩҶǳ֪ԼȥΣ̫ˡ
ĺϾڻϰ꣬ǳľǳḻ֪Σղ̤룬֪ǧĸʲôУǰܡ
Ըĺǵѡ
ȸĺҽ״ٳȥҶǳ뵽
Ҷǳʱٴ󣬿ʼɻ֮
û취û˻ʯֻܿؼĻ֮ˡ
ٶȷǳҶǳҲԸ˷ѡ
Ҷǳ֪չʱղ̨ԪҲ˷굺һղ̨巢ķսʼˡ


1801 
ʱתۼš
Ҷǳ󣬱չһʱˡ
Ҫǻʱٴڣȥˡ
磬ʱôֵǮ
ҶǳֹͣȥĸӦУѾˡ
ٰݼǰ
ӳذݼǰ
˹Ҷǳ
ͬʱҶǳ˵ΪͻƵ˶״񾳽硣
ţϲǽ״񾳽硣Ҷǳɵ͵
æǫӦ
Ҷǳ˰֣ʵǴ𣿡
֮ǰԸĺأ
ȻֻٴǰѾˣ֪ͨǰȥ¡
ã֪ˣǼȥɡҶǳ˵ͷ㳯ĺ´ȥ
֮䣬ҶǳѾ´ſڡ
ڣĺλϣЦݣȻΪͻˣޱȡ
ĺߣкλս
ҶֵˣĺҶǳʱϲ
ҶǳصϲΪ
һСѣ׻ԶĺЦóǳˡ
Ͼﵽ״۷壬״Ѿܽˡ
ҶֵܣþòһԣҲҶǳкҶǳĿӹһ˿֡
ΪƿóҶǳΪĽ״ڣеɻ
Ҫ֪Ҷǳȥղ̨¥ģĿҶǳ׬˼ǧƷʯ
Щ֪꣬ҶǳʱٴЩʯ˰ɡ
ȻˣҶǳΪôһûУٲҲܴﵽĽ״ڰ
Ȼ֣ҲûжʣϾÿ˶Լܣ˭Ҳ˴Լܡ
֣֣ҶǳҲƺе˵ͷ
ӣسҶǳͷû˵ǳİ
ҶǳҲ⣬Ա¡
ĺ룬ϵЦݶʱ֮ǰȥˣ׼£ϾҪˡ
˻ֱҪȥִе𣿵ʲô񣿡𾪵
Ҷǳɻղ̨峤𣿡
ĺҶǳ˵ͷ漴˵εǹǧ죬֮ͬǰǧ幥ղ̨һ׼ˡ
ԿЦһҵսЩڻֲ֪١
Ҳݵ˵ϴѲ߶˺ܶࡣ
Ѳʲôϴ߽״񼶱ִ¶䡣ƺߵ
Щأĺ˰֣˵Ҳ̫ţȻΣգǻҲܴõĻεջ񣬾һͻƵ״񾳽硣
ƵͷΣ棬ˡ
ʲôʵǸвм
ƼǵʵⳡսУ״ֻڻңǵʵʲô
ٱǿߵ
ĺǻæȵˣ˵䣬ҶֵܣԺҪЭءѾˣ޷ܾǶȥ׼£Ǳ
ƺб˴ۿһ£ȥˡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵Ŀ궼Ϊ˽ĺӣԱ˴˵жԡ
Ҷǳû˷ϾҶǳΪĽ״ڣôҲвˡ
Ҷֵܻʲô𣿡ĺҶǳû뿪ɴʵ
Ҷǳʵǹǧ죿
ĺ΢΢һЦԭ⣬ƺжǷ굺ġˡ֪ûѯʣҶǳǴС͵ġˡŻʡ
£ĺЦ˵ʵǿδлṥǧ졣
ŶҶǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ĺ֮̾ǰǧܹղ̨죬ΪͻȻϮû׼Σǧ϶ϵǻᷴǿ϶ǰԣ϶սᷢڵ⣬ǧ˻ڰ·ǣҹĻᡣ
ҶǳȻڵսΣգΪ㲻֪ʲôȼĵˣ͸˵ģҪ
ãס߽׵ĵˣǾ·һ
Ҳп鴬ġ顯ḻĴܹ֪Щطвеǿ߳ûӶǰΣա
Ҷǳһˡ޷ﵽĺģֻĺһЩ߽״˱Ԫӵõˡ


1802 ջ޴
ĺӱˣʻ˷굺
ҶǳվڼװϣΧബӳȫսղ̨ĴӶҪ
ЩѲߣͳˡ
߽׵ĴҲⳡս
ս֮УҶǳڵĺӣеĲ׺һڰˡ

ʮ
ǳأĳƬ
ĺȻʢȵǰֵд˵Ĵ״ڣǸ֣СơҶǳٸ
˵ͬʱĺѾó󣬻һӰʧڴϡ
кҲ׷ó׷ĺȥ
ֻҶǳһЦ뺣УظĺǺ档
û취ûз
ĺǶڿУҶǳʶиǺܹ㣬Ҳõĸ
Էֻ״ڣӮˡҶǳ뵽
սҲǿģĺʶǿ̽˵ټ
ֵ˵ΪǾͿٳȥɱУ֮ܡ
ĺ״۷徳ΪֻҪϵǿߣϾͲҪİΣ
ȻҲǾԵģʱãжԺüӣǾֻˡ
Ȼ
зֻһ½״񣬹ǲ齨Ӳá
ֱ֣ǰ׼Ĺ͡
¡¡
ǰ洫޴
ȻսѾˡ
Ҷǳż´εùһˣҪӣץץס
ݣ
ҶǳںˮУܿӦǰڱӵľ޴ս
ҶǳĿȥûзĺӰΪĺѾ׷ŵжԴԶȥˡ
ԶսλжԵսΧƺˡ
ǷĽ״۷徳󣬱Ϸɢˡ
кƸ׷һʣµǸѾ̤ŷԶˡ
һ˵ļһҶǳûзû취׷жսֻܽĿڲԶսˡ
սϱҲһ״񣬵ʱѾڷɢˣ̤ŵͽ׵ķߣºߣֱ̫
Ҷǳû飬ٳǰһ˾ɱһˣɱ˵ͬʱҲϱƷ
ҶǳĲɱһһϣϵسʵĺɰ
ջڻʯˡҶǳ˷ܡ
ͬϴݵ֮սʵȵǿ࣬һɱһ״ɱĵͷǳˡ
գ֮䣬Ҷǳɱʮλ״ջϰټĲϡ
ɱڼҶǳƻȺûһ֮Уնɱűĵˡ
Ȼǧ߶ܣһǷɢܣǵٶԶԶȲҶǳӵõ
Ҫ֪Щֻ״񣬶ҶǳȻֻĽ״񣬵ٶȱһЩ״Ҫ죬׷Щ״͸ˡ
ܹߵģҲЩ˷ߣ߱Ͼ٣һ˵Ҳֻмٸǧ߶ں
Щ˾͸ȺһӴܣ׷Ҷǳһ㡣
Ҷǳɱﵽǧ˵ʱкҲԻɱǵĶ֣ʼҶǳһɱЩ״
˶׵ķٶȱҶǳҪ죬ǵļ룬ֱҴӵجΡ
úĺսҲʻˣһղ̨ղ̨Ҳ׷׼׷ս
ⳡɱսһֱĺŽ
һǧߣֻǧˣλսҲȥλҲĺɱˡ
ҶǳһνǴȫʤ
ǴասϣĺԵú˷ܣȻջܴ
ǱϾһλ״ɱһλ״񣬹ս
жԷıֵ͸ˣҲƷʯ
ãһ½ӣЦҲкܴջ
һԵͬЦݡ
Ҷǳ͸Ӳ˵ˣջӾˡ
ĺ¼սʱкƶһŵؿҶǳ
ΪҶǳɱǧٸ״񣬹սͻ7500ս
һ״ֵ3ս
кȻɱһλĽ״񣬵Ľ״սֻһ
նɱһĽ״õս޷Ҷǳɱǧٸ״Ტۡ
ȻкҲɱһЩ״񣬵ǲ׷ɱʱЩ״Ѿӵĺܷɢˡ
οûҶǳǰǿʵ޷ɱ״ɱ࣬ÿֻɱٸѡ
ԣǵջҶǳȣ̫Զˡ


1803 ޵׶
ҶǳӴջ񣬾ĺһ̾Ҷǳ˵ҶֵܣջƱҶѷɫˡ
ҶǳǫһȺ״Ȼ࣬ջûô󡣡
ĺҡͷ״񵥸ļֵȻߣɱ̫ˣս7500򡣻ǵһ״˵Ҳ2500״Ǿ6000ˡ
˵ĺ̾һֵƷʯô6000Ǿͼֵ18000Ʒʯ
ĺļ㣬ԱߵƺжһĽؿҶǳ
ҶǳջƷʯǶ̫ˡ
ǻҶǳһɱһλĽ״
ļֵЩ״ϣԺҲһɱ״񣬲ЩĽ״ˡ̲ס˵
ԱߵƲΪҶֵҶֵܹ֮ɱô״ΪҶֵܵʵǿ󣬿ɱ״ûʵ
ߣһҲûз
Ϊ֮ǰս֮УȷҶǳܹɱ״ʵǿˡ
ȻԱԼǿҶǳҲٽˡ
ˣս¼ϣҲûȥˡδջܴ󣬻ȥתΪʵټսĺЦ˵
˶˵ͷ
ջܴ󣬵͸ֲϣЩֻлط굺ܻɻʯ
ԣոճżʮĺӣֻص˷굺

ص굺󣬳ĺȥս⣬˶ȥղ̨¥ˡ
ҶǳЩиֲ󣬻2.7ƷʯټЩ״ϴƷʯﵽ3Ʒʯ
⣬7700ս
Ҷǳһӱ˴̣ԱߵкޱĽ
ʯսĻһ󡣡
ҶǳԼġ롯֮Ͼѡһ߽׵ķ
߽׵ķٶȿ߽׵Ĵܣ׷ˣǶ°빦
֮ǰôɱ˵ƶܷһ
Ҷǳԥػǧսһ߽׷
һԵĽҶ֣߽׷Ժ׵Ĵˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ3Ʒʯ󣬾׵ĴҲаһսˣﻹõ
ȻҶǳһֱܵ͵ױ¶Լʵ
ȻȥչˡҶǳ˷֮˵
ƵͷһȥҲñչһΣĽ״۷徳硣
˵껹һۣһơ
ߵεջҲܴ󣬾ҽ״ˡ
˿νԡ
ҶǳһЦƱ뿪ղ̨¥
صĺҶǳһͷʱٴˡ
Ժ˿ҶǳıӰһ֮ɫ
ٵǰγȥŲ꣬ôôͻˡ
ӳصǰһͽʱٴջܴĽ
ĽˣǻǸϽɣѵô˵ǰһǱ˷ʱˡЦ
˵Ҷǳչˣû˻ǡ
ǰǸ󣬿ǾԸȥǸкܱͬʱҲ˷˺ܶʱ䡣
Ҷǳͺöˣڶû鷳һΣͱչҲкܶʱˡ

ʱٴС
ҶǳʼʯԼΪ
õĻʯкܶ࣬ѡ˫˫һͻƺõʵҲࡣ
ʱţҶǳԼĻ̫Իʯˣʯõ֮ڱ֮󣬾Ȼֻл
ҶǳĹ۲죬ΪġͬʱҪĻ֮ΪҪĻ֮ġʮ
޴Ĳ࣬Ҷǳࡣ
ңҶǳͨݣѾȷԼҪĽ״ڽ״ڣҪʮڿƷʯ
Ҳ˵ĻҪĽ״ڽ״ڣǾҪһڿƷʯ
ӴҶǳĿɿڴ
û뵽Ȼ˺ķѻ֮ԺҵʵǿҪĻʯ࡭Ҫȥôʯ
ҶǳвЦ
̫ķѻʯˣؼò
ûǿĻ壬ԺҪԽ²
Ҷǳε̾˿ʯš
Ҳֻһһˣʵǿˣ;ȥȡʯ


1804 
Ҷǳչʮ꣬ټʱٴİٱǾǧꡣ
֮Ҫôʱ䣬ҪΪҶǳλõĻʯ̫ˣڵƷʯͺķǧʱ䡣
ʣµǧʱ䣬ҶǳȭȭҲ˴ﵽ˵һʽתٴεõ
ΪαչĽҶǳΪĽ״ڣҲﵽĽ״ڣЩСҲҶǳ֮С
ϾʵǿҪʵҪĻʯ̫Ӵˡ
οҶǳĻ廹һ̽ħޣֻΪĻ˵ھѾﵽĽ״۷徳ˡ
ʯҪĻʯ
ҶǳԼʵ仯йâ
ΪٶһΣȭҲõѾаտ״ڵǿˡ
ʵѾǿ˶ǳصʸˡ
ҪǣʵǿˣøĻʯˡ
óˣҲ֪ǳûУҶǳ漴뿪ӡ
ʯѾķˣټȥҲûʲôЧˡ
߳ӣҶǳʶ̽˳ȥʱͷֳٺ;ӳ˻
ҶǳҲûٻǣҲףԼûҪռǵʱ䡣
ңųٺ;ӳڻ֮Ļ֮ﻹЩͬġ
Щͼķߣû취׬ȡĻʯְֻܿ취ʵ
ְ취ʵ̫ˣҪ²ܽ״񾳽硣
ʱǲʸ洬ȥ׬ȡʯ
Ȼǳ̫Σˣ׵ĴŴȥ϶ڻңʱΣա
ϴαҶǳǽǧһ֧ӣλµһ״ǧҡ
ɴ˿ɼǳڵ״жôߡ
ƽǳڣ״񣬲пܵһλĽ״

ҶǳĺתһȦĺСڱչûдǣһ˶뿪ĺ
ڷ굺ͨ˴ĽֵϣҶǳܵľɫԴ굺⻹һʱ굺
굺Ϸǳ֣ǰڵ̯״񣬽ﲻ
Ȼ굺ղ̨¥̻ڣղ̨¥ǵͼն߼ԶЩҲ״˵ǲԸѶղ̨¥ģѡԼڵ̯
Ȼڵ̯ٶȺЩ״񲢲ȱʱ䣬ֻҪܹ׬ȡһʯԸķһʱ䡣
οڰڵ̯ͬʱҲֻܹҪһ̯λˣ굺ϣҲû˸١
ףȻǴ˵еĻޣ
Ȼڹŵ̯Ҷǳ͵ֹסЩȺ;ϲؿǰ̯λϵһֻƴСë׵ģСèһޡ
ֻС޷ǳɰͨѩɫ徧Ө͸ʯˮ̶ɣһţСԴֻС۾شܡ
Ҷǳղ̨¥׺ףһ۾ϳСмصġޡ
ҶǳԻ޵ӡ̣ΪмأĻܹɢáý硯ǿһΡԣ߻õһߣԻƳ籸ÿһõһ߶Ҫһֻޡ
ϧ̫ϡˣ
굺ղ̨¥ҲûлҶǳһֻˡ
Ͼ˻ý磬ЩҲһֱû¡
ǣڻ磬ľǵ߲ΣĻýԴޣֻһʵİȻС
ֻҪһֻĻϣĻýʵǾ޴Ľ
ҵãȻ˻ޣһҪҶǳͷһת̾Ͷǰֻڱصá
Ҷǳ漴̯̯һŮӣΪ״ڣһɫȹŮͻǳ
ʱȹŮӵı廹֮һ߷̯ͣλǰҶǳͫһ漴æվǰ֪Ҫ
ҶǳΪֻǱһȻˡ
Ľ״񼶱ǿߣȻҵ
ֻС޺ܶأ۸٣ҶǳָŻʵȻ¶޵ϢһŮ֪ޣǼ۸ܱһЩ
ϧҶǳעҪʧˡ
ΪŮʶޣǰǻޣǻõһıޣϻýԷӳ޴
ҶǳЦҡҡͷֵˣ֪ǻޣ㿪۰ɡⶫȻǳϡ棬ǻõһ߱ͺ٣ڷ굺СطûУȻⶫˡԣҲ̫ߵļ۸񣬿ʵļ۸ҲҪʯɡ
ȻԷʶޣȻҲ֪޵ļֵҶǳֻˡ
Ͼֻڱصá


1805 ׳ɹ
ҶǳĻȹŮҧҧЩԸе촽֪Ҷǳ˵Ķԣ߻õһʵ̫ˣܹɡý硯߸ٵÿ
˵굺СطǷǳأƶҲܹɡý硯Ļõһߡ
Ҷǳܹɡý硯ǿšջñ䡷ŹġŹǵʱѧԺ֮һĴԺɹȻȲϡ澭Ĵۼ𹦷ҲĹ
磬ҲûжӵĹлõһĹϡ٣ɻý߾͸ϡˡ
ǳСطָʲôǿĻõһߡ
ˣ´Ҷ֪޼ֵܸߣû˹ʵûҪ
ٺãҲҪҲС
ȹŮӿҶǳЩ֮ɫ֪ҶǳֻĽ״񣬹ûж٣ˣҶǳ϶𡣵Ļ壬ɾûǸˡ
Ͼǳطô꣬ǵһõһߣҶԷȻҪޣǿ϶˻ý硣
ңˣɾͲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱˡ
ؼڼҪԴʵ
ǵô
ҶǳҲȹŮԥ΢΢Цղ̨ǧ忪ȫս״ҲҪŴȥսʱΣա䵽ʱɱˣװױǧˣֻңȡԴʵܹ㱣
⻰ѹȹŮӵһݡ
ȹŮ֮ޣΪʱղ̨ǧ忪ȫս״ʱֱڻҡ
Ϊ˱ȹŮӲŲòó
ǰһֻĻޣֵƷʯԣҪҵҷǳѵãֻҪʮƷʯҾͽ㡣
ȹŮӿԼļ۸
Ҷǳҡҡͷڱ˵ʮƷʯˣһƷʯûУֻҲֻǧ߰սֵǧƷʯѡ
ԣ۸϶
Ҷǳֻڱصãɢ˵ѹǰȹŮӣҡͷ˵ĺеֻܸһǧ򣡡
ܣԲܣ
ȹŮԣʱеüҧأŭҶǳȻǰҪһǧƷʯֵһƷʯƷδҲ̫ˡ
ѾǱˣǼˡ
ǺǣǷ굺ҿɲ۸㡣ҶǳɹȻһЦǰȹŮӣ˵ң˵һǧˣһûҪңڼҪԴʵʵʱ㱻ǧɱˣֻҲͱǧˡʱһʯò಻ֵá
ȹŮ˿ҶǳҶǳԣҶǳҪֻ޾ͺˡ
ǳصľƻң״ֻڻңʵʱΣգһˣ޼ֵٸ߶ûˡ
ȹŮؿھţɫԥҶǳҧ˵ǰ֮ǰѾȥղ̨¥ˣֻ޼ղ̨¥ҲһǧƷʯһղ̨¥
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦȻ̽ŮӵĵƣǾͺðˣЦ˵֮ǰˣҳļ۸񲢲һǧƷʯһǧս
ʲôһǧսȹŮͫһЩŵضҶǳ̲סٴʵǰԵ棿
ʵһǧսҲͼֵǧƷʯսļֵȴǲɹġ
ղ̨¥ЩƷûʯ򲻵ģֻսȥһ
սļֵ
ԣڵ֪ҶǳԸһǧս޺ȹŮӵپܾæͷһǧսͬ⽻ס
һǧսȻѰĽ״ܾȴղ̨¥һһ׵ķ
׵ķ൱״ٶȣֻҪ׵Ĵ񣬻ϾܱסСˣʴ౶

ղ̨¥
ҶǳȹŮһͬղ̨¥
Ϊսǲܽ׵ģղ̨¥Ҷǳһ׵ķȻ׵ķȹŮӽֻĻޡ
ǰǻ޵ƣֻҪܿƻˡ
õ׵ķ֮ȹŮӱ㽫еĻ޺һƽҶǳ
ˣټҶǳ˵ͷת뿪ˡ
ȹŮӿҶǳıӰһᣬȻǲҶǳˣǲҶǳеֻޡ
Ϊֻʱ̫Զˣ½磬һ˵ʱֻ޾Ϳʼˡ
Ҳֻ޵İܴ½һˣȻΪһͷǷ˻硣
дһС˵ĻôֻޱǵĽָ
ڣָȴҶǳȹŮеĲ֪
ϧΪ棬òޡ


1806 
صĺҶǳǳģû뵽ι־Ȼջô󣬿ԺҪһ䡣
ǼֵϰƷʯĻްȻһǧսˣ׬ˡ
ҶǳЦݣѾܾûôˡ
С׬ĻɲУҲǳСطǳ⣬ֻ޵ļ۸Ӹߡ
Ͼ޵̫ˣ
ҲǳСطҲһýߣʹûмС
û˹㶫ٺöûá
λȹŮҲΰ
Ȼȥȼ
ĺҶǳæصԼӡ
ʱٴڣҶǳóޣóһѱɫĲݣЩݽݣǻ޵ʳ
ҪɳֻгԻݣȻԼԶҲ꣬Ҳǻ޵֮
ֻĻޣ֪λȹŮӶ꣬ȴһֱڣΪλȹŮûιԻݡ
ȻҲΪȹŮ̫ˣлʯԼˣιޡ
ҲҶǳûѾ޴ιޣϽʣµһǧ߰ٶսȫһ˻ݣ׼һٽֻι˳ڡ
ϾֻгĻޣܷӳ޴á
ͣ
޷ǳϲԻݣֻĻޣ裬ſҶǳһţǵֻݺ󣬱㡮ಡһ˽˻ݶУڴڵس
ϵ̳Իݣֻ޵巢ҫ۵İɫâȻڲϵسɳ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦûޣԸ߳ʱٴɻ֮

ֹ˶ʮꡣ
һҾ޴ս˷굺
սϣһ״񼶱Ĵڴ⹧ִ´ˣ굺Ѿˡ
ΧԱǶһ𺳵ؿ򴬲գ֪סһλĿˣ֪𾴣ֱһ̣ǲ֪ס˾Ȼղ̨һλִ¡
˵һλ߽״񼶱ǿߣ
ǳأ߽״ǸˣҲǽղ̨ĸ߲ˡ
ԱЩţԼȻҸһλ߽״ͬУѹʱԼλһĴȻɢ
Ҳԣһλ߽״ͬУõŵǳΣ
֨
ڴԱ֮УһӴӴ˳һŹݼ㣬һ˫ӣâ¶˲ֱ֮ӡ
굺һְϧһ֮ʢ¾ͻ᲻ˡ
ӿǰķ굺п
ԱߵĴɫһ䣬г𾪣ƺʲôµѶϢ
Ƴ˴һۣ˵һ̵ķϣһݻԵϽ뿪굺ɣʱڲҪٻ
ǣлִ´㣡Ȼɻ󣬵ҲҶʣϰ֮ʻ˷굺
ϰóһһԾ̤˷󣬻һâŷ굺ļ۶ȥ
ʲô˾Ȼڷ굺С
ôĵӰ굺ǽֹеģ𣿡
׳գһλ߽״񣡡

굺ϣһλ߽״Ϣܿʹˡ
˿̣
굺ǰӣɫص»ϸ磬㲻ǧôͻȻҷ굺ˣ
ǧǴ͵죬ƽǷ굺ǧͨ׵ѲѶϢ
ʲô飬Ż߽״񼶱ִԽ١
굺һɲõԤС
Ȼֻ»̾Ϣķʼˣݼġ
굺ʵʲô
ڤ»һһ˵
ʲô굺ɫһ䣬ŵֱӹ͵죿֮ǰǧԸǣҲֻǹС͵ѡ»ϸ磬֪͵죬ǼӮˣʧҲأɱһǧ˰٣ܾ˵Ϊ
С͵ϵղ̨ҲĽ״߼ٶ࣬ղ̨ʧ̫
͵߽״ּĸ֣һһ޴ʧ
οǧǧ״
굺һս֮󣬷굺ʣ¶ǿߣӮҲǲʤļʡ
Ҫǣֻһڤ϶ǹǧһ͵졣ʱ߽סס״񽫲
Ҳû취Ǽֱֻհ졣ģҲȥһһ𹥴ڤңпλ߽״񣬶ڤϵλ߽״ǵʤ㻹Ǻܴġ»̾
굺ɫأԶƣʤǿ˶ࡣе߽״ͬףܹһģҾƣҲ̫һԷƴļʡ
ֻǼҲҷ
һսɱ⣡


1807 䶯
ݣ
ڷ굺»̸֮һɫĹâɳ˵ڷ굺Ͽջһչͷųһɫķš
ЩŶǻ֡
ͬʱ굺Ļ굺Ҳ޷굺
굺еߣʱˣһ̧ͷеĽɫᣬʱ𺳡
ǵټ
ȻҪڤ
˵ڤǧһ͵죬Ƿ굺
ԲԵ޹ڤҿΰ˳ղ̨巢Ҫǧһ͵졣
ˣ͵֮սǸжôңǼӮˣҲǲʤڻң̫ˡ
֪ͲˣǾͶһ٣Ҳ㲻ˡ

ķ굺߶۷׷ףÿ˵϶һƬҺͲȻ֮ɫ
δսȴǷǳĲսУЩסĽף״񣬶ֻһȺڻҡ
һսӮΣڻһϡ
ڻôܸˣ

ĺ
ڵټֵʱĺȻҲӱչ
Ҷǳ߳ӣ̧ͷеĽɫᣬɫ΢΢һ㶣漴ϲ
ǵģ˿Ϣᵣģȴǳ˾ϲ
Ϊ漰͵սʵҲֻ߽״ڿ״ʵټϻý硢ֶΣԱӦò
ߣһűԪ߽׵ĴҲܱסС
ԣսֱǸˢսͻʯõط
һһҪ׬ף׵ĻʯҶǳ뵽
֪Ļ᲻УȻܴ
ҶֵܣһˣڴʱҶǳԺĺ
ҶǳԴ˲⣬ôش飬ĺȻҪټ顣
Ҷǳûмȥĺתӵʱٴ档
ȥ˶ʮ꣬ȥǧ꣬һѻӦö޳Թ˰ɡ
Ҷǳдڴʱٴ棬뿴ĻǷɳ˳ڡ
ֻгڵĻޣĻýһ¥ԼĴսİǳ
ݣ
Ҷǳ̤ʱٴʱһɫӰܽҶǳĻС
ҶǳûиܵκεΣգûֹͷȥһֻСèСëСޡ
ʣӦþĻޣϾʱٴ棬˻ޣ޴ڡ
ҶǳͷŻеĻޣʱĻѾ˾޴ı仯ԭֻаƴС˿СèСһѩëҲɫ
ɫ޽˳ϵëͻΪɫҳɹˡҶǳ΢΢һЦ
ԴˣҶǳҲûие̫⣬ϾιôĻݣܹҲǺġ
޺ǹϵģѵô޽
ҶǳеֻޣֻͨѪĻޣܹҶǳĻýǿһ
˻ǾܹҶǳĻý
д˵Ļ޻ʣý
ýûһǴĺô̫ˣֱ޷
ԣҶǳȻϣ԰Ļ޽
ϧ޵Ľǳѣ𣬾Ҫʮݡ
ʮݣҶǳ֮ǰղ̨¥ֻһ֣ݣھŽ״о޴İֵ10ս
ɴ˿ɼʮݣϧһֵޣҶǳܹռġ
οҶǳ㣬ǳСطδܹռȫʮݣ»߳ǳزС
ԣҶǳʱҲǰ޽˻ˡ
񣬼ϻ޵İҵĻýʵҵİѾܴˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
뿴˵ʵɣټϻǾܹ˵
ʵǾ൱Լʵ
Ҷǳڿ״ڵʵڻýͻİ£״ڵǿҲѷɫˡ
дʵһսһ׬ȡսͻʯҶǳڴ
ϾֻĽ״Ļս֮У϶עĿ
ʱ׵ʵЩĽס׵ĵɱǾ۸ˣôûо޴ջ
Ҫ֪Ҷǳɱ2500״񣬾ͻ˼ֵƷʯջ񣬻ǧս
ɱ1000Ľ״񣬹ս10ڣ͸ֲϵļֵµʮڡ
ٺЦţҶǳ߳ӣǰȥĺϡ


1808 
ĺ
ĺСơҶǳһá
˵ɫǳأҶǳҲװһ֮ɫ
ϾһսĲңֻҪǰ׳նԤϵĵ
ĺЩʵ̾ٸһЩʱ䣬Ҿܽ״񾳽ˣʱԱİվͻһЩϧ첻Ըֵù飬
ҶǳȰοˣĽ״񣬿»ᱻ˵״עϣһΣ󡣶ڣעֻ״״֮Уʵһָģ߽׵ķ󣬱㹻ˡ
ĺ᲻֪Ҷǳҡҡͷ̫СЩǧˣ״۷壬һͻƾ״񾳽磬ǵвܴǿ϶صɱҡ
Ҷǳһ£˵Ҳԡ
˵ЩˣǻǿôӦεսɡ˵
ĿǰҪıʵҽҰѳͷ֮жɻʯʵʱһؼʱܱ̾סС
ĺ˵ͷ˵˵ĲǴȥղ̨¥һ£ѶɻʯʵСƣ˶Ľ״۷徳磬Ŭһ£δز̤״񾳽硣
кƶ˵ͷ
ĺǰˣһ˵һսͬǴ֮սһǴڤʱһսǲܴһ𡣶ңǸҴһ𷴶ΣգϾҵĶֿ϶״״񡣵Ƚڤ֮ǾͻĽ״УȫһЩˣҪǵñܿЩ״߽״ʵǿսನɱǡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷѾ⣬ʱɱĽ״Żɱ״
ΪڵʵɱĽ״Կɱɱ״Ҫʱˡ
Ȼɱһ״õջ󣬵ܹɱĽ״ôɱĽ״϶ܴ󣬱ȵɱһ״ǿˡ
Ľ׵ĴӴҶǳԼҲĽ״ɱ̫עĿ
ҶǳĽԽɱףɱüʮǱȻǧһĸע⣬ԷһصšΣˡ
ʱƾߣҲûٻȡʯսˡ
ڱԪһԶҲʹãϾһʹ֮Ҳֲ˶ãɱһ˾Ҫ·
Ҷǳļƻǵ͵£ɱһЩĽ״״񣬵սҪֳŻɱһЩ״
ˣܹǵôˣʱǻԼذɡ
ĺ˵գһ£Ҷǳˣ̾ϣһΣǻپۼڴ˵ء
˵꣬ת뿪ˣҲҪ취ȥʵˡ
֣Ҷ֣λأжҶǳƵ˵ͷλǰˣǵһô
ȻҲεսйء
ԱߵĿȥҶǳЦս֮Ǽ֪ڲڣǴµһղ̨Ҳʣ޼ĺӽʱҲ͸ˣһǵ̬ȶöˣ治֪òøˣǺǣ
ҶǳȻһЦƺдǰһֱĺĽԱ˴˵ĹϵܲãĺӶҪˣԼҲΣգûлᵱˣ˱˴˵ġԹ
Ҷ֣㱣أ´ټһҪȥ¥һЦ
ҶǳݸһЦ굺ĵһ죬ƾҪȥ¥ֻǵڵľ磬ڳԺȸûʲôȤһֱû⡣
ٴǰ¥ҶǳɵЦã´ͣǼһһϣ¥顣
ƹһЦҶǳ˻֣Цȥ
ҶǳĿȥҲ֪ĺơܻܲţϾǵʵԼļʺС
ҶǳҲѻýͻǣǵİ϶ܴ󣬲һĵҲͱ¶ˡ
һõ֪лýлǧһ϶Ϊвϧһд۽
οǧǼ϶˶뵽̫Σˡ
ҶǳʵɲôעĿ˰˽״񡢾Ž״ٱ¶Ͳˡ
ãʱһ»ý磬˶࣬һýȥû֪ý˭ͷŵġ
ҶǳͻȻ뵽
վߣ϶ϣ굺ܹʤڤӮˣҲΣա
ûý굺ʤôڳû֪˭ͷŵĻý磬ҲͲᱩ¶ˡ


1809 ս
굺ǰͺ֣ھ͸ˡ
ټճʱһЩ֣̿ڣôҳ֪ʵҪԡ
ʱ򣬳˷Լʹõ⣬û˻ɵñһЩˣȫóˡ
ԣ굺ղ̨¥ΪһγҪŶӲܽȥƷ
ҶǳϵĲˣʯҲùˣսȥ˻ݣһ߽׷һűԪһ⣬ƷԲҪȥղ̨¥
ڷ굺Ϲһ飬Ҷǳصĺȴĳ
ĺơ˶ûлĺµղ̨ҲڸڣȻ취ʵ
Ҷǳ߽ԼԺ䣬ٺ;ӳؿеټвɵЩп
ϵĴ񣬵ϵһ״Ͷ״ǲҪսģ˵ضһ١
ǰ
ǰ
ٺ;ӳ˿Ҷǳɵæ
Ҷǳ˰֣ӡ
ٺ;ӳĿҶǳȥ֮󣬲ŵ̸
˵ڤǷ굺һ͵죬͵Ĵս֪жôңһս֮ĺҲɢˡٵ˵
ӳص˵ͷ̾ɲһս֮ĺܹ˶ʣ޼ﻹĺӰ
һңãһ٣֮ǰʶΪߵķߣǰøոͻƵ״Ǻˡ
ˣֲ˭ӳ̾
ٿҶǳڵӣҲ֪ǰܲӹһ٣ѵһ˵ǰϣܹŻ
ӳû˵ʵΪҶǳܹŻϾҶǳֻĽ״񣬸״һһս֮ڻңܻܲȫ

ʱתۼš
ڷ굺£ǧǧսʻ˷굺ǰڤ
ǧǧҾ޴սһǳǳ׳ۣ𺳲ѡ
Ҷǳĺӱ֮һ
ʱսļװϣҶǳһ⣬һˡ
Ϊ˶ڴǴոնһ˻ʯʱٴΪ
ҶǳûлʯȻҪʱٴ棬ôżװϣؼĻ֮
żҶǳҲսȥһûڼװϣڴ
û˳ֵأΪҪôബӾۼһʲôв
һλ߽״ڣǧһĴӣѲߣλ߽״ɱǡ
ȽϳǣҶǳȫһκС
ϧǵĿĵغǾͲٰȫˡ
һƬ֮أһβ֪¶ʬ

֮󣬷굺ĴѾڤطΧ˲ٴǧһĴӺѲߡ
Убλ߽״նɱģҲԶԶߵġ
˶ʱףϢѾ޷ˣڤȻ׼
ǾڤҲֻʣ¼µ·̣Ҳڤʲô֡
ʱѾˣڤҪʲô֣ڶѾˡ
ºҶǳվڼװϣԶ¶ڤɵø̾ڻûл磬ϵ鷳漴Ҳû취ʱԮ
½Ļ½ڷ굺ټֵʱڤǧһ֪Ϣˡ
ϧڻûƻֶڣһ̫ˣڤǧһס춼һǧ·̣߽״·Ҫʮ꣬˾Ԯ
ԣ굺ĴӿڤʱڤϵĻѾһӲڹǣ׼ŷ굺Ĺ
ڵڤˣҶǳͻȻĺ
ҶǳתͷȥĺСǶѾˡ
ңҶǳԷеϢǿ࣬ΪΪ״ھ硣
ϲ״񾳽磡Ҷǳһ㶣漴ص
йһЦڹؼʱͻƵ״񾳽磬Ļɻࡣ
Ͼ׺Ľ׶ڻң״ҪһЩĻҲһЩ
ͻҲδǺʱʱԵľ״ˡԱ˵
еһЦûзΪ˵ĶԡȻܹͻƣɵӲŲͻơʵӦһУ͵Ԧ׵ĴͱĽ׵ĴҪö࣬ȻҲˡ
ԣۺȲҪǿöࡣ
սˣȻĺ
Ŀȥֻӵǰղ̨ģ֮ǰѾ˵ˣֻҪģ˾Ҫ
ԣ˿̰Ҷǳڣ˶ڤĻȥ
ǧǧĹһͬһɷ籩ݺݵײڤĻ档


1810 ո
ˣ
˿̣ڤڵһǧߣɫصؿԶķ굺ӡ
굺ǽţȻҲܽš
Ͼ𹥴һǴƵġ
лܹһЩơ
ֻǧǧ굺ߵֹǻҲ˶á
ãֻһ·굺ߵ
Ͼֻˣֻڤһˡһ˼߽״ҲԵֵ굺ǧǧߵһ
ԣڤĻֻǼһСʱͱ굺˺һ޴ѷ졣
ɱ굺ȵͬʱ̤ŷ󣬵һڤ
ǲ굺ڵִڤʱһϵǧ߸նƬ
ڤ굺ôţȻӭϣס˷굺
ڤˣ»λղִ̨£з굺Ŀ˿Ҳһͬڤɱڤĵ
λ߽״мս
һЩ״񼶱ѲߣҲռս
Щ״Ľ״״񣬱ֻڵϼսˡ
ɵϣͻ߽״״սನһĻ졣
λֵܣұأĺĴӿ֮ĺ˵˵ͷɱڤ
ҶǳҲûгɶã׷ɱϰ
ǲǵһִڤĴӣǰѾബӵ½ˣҶǳǺɵؾͳڤ
һսһĺӵ˳ڤϾͱⳡսָˡ
ҶǳԶԶĺڻɱһЩ״Ľ״󣬱һλ״ˡ
һȽϼ黬״ѸٻɱĽ״
Ҷǳ֪һܲ˶ãϾ״񣬳ᱻ״ϵġ
ƣܵĽ״Χղ̨ļĽ״ɱ˵ˡ
⼸ʵǿʱܱס
ҶǳһϰһĺӶԱڶѾǧˣսʵ̫ˣ׵Ĵֻͼڻҡ
ղ̨һǧһ˴˵״񣬶ڿš
ȻҶǳҲûš
ʮʮ塢ʮšʮ
Ҷǳս֮󣬱ɱǧĽ״֮У˻ᵣıΧȴһ㶼ıΧ
ΪҶǳ֣ɱĽ״¼ʮĽ״Χնɱ
ϾҶǳſ״ڵʵ׶Ľףֱ۸ˡ
һٶʮһһʮһʮ
ҶǳһɱǧһĽ״֮кֱײɱĽ״ڷš
ǧһĽ״ǶˣǶһҶǳȻⲢûʲôôҶǳٶ̫ˡ
Ҷǳſ״ʵٶȻҲܹ״Ľ״ǰӲ
ڷ
ʱ״ս߽״սǵನڤ״ȥҪشοĽ״
ԣû˸÷ɵУȻҲ޷Ҷǳ׷ɱ
ҶǳնɱĽ״ʱЩ״񣬸ûע⵽ҶǳϾǵ֮̽£ҶǳֻһĽ״ڵߣעʲô
սϵĽ״ڼֱҪ̫࣬ĸ״ĵȥעҶǳ
ȻҲ״пҶǳɱĽ״һĻȻЩȣҲûж룬ΪҶǳʹ˱ԪһƷ
Ⲣ״׳գҪǶиԵĶ֣ܷһֱҶǳ
Ҫ֪Ҷǳ״ֻһֱҶǳҶǳܹϵɱĽ״ǲŻҶǳ
ҵսϣûһ״һֱҶǳĽ״ڵġС
ϾĽ״̫ˣҶǳֻĽ״ڣȻĿ
ֻҶǳĽ״񣬲֪ҶǳĿֲûԮǾѾҶǳɱˡ
ҵսϣÿ˶ж֣ʱΣգԴϢǳѡ
Ҷǳɱˣõ˸޷Ϣ
ԣҶǳˮһɱ¾ĺУϵոǧĽ״
ŰʮŰʮˡŰپʮšһǧ
ܿ죬ҶǳɱĽ״ﵽһǧˡ
⿴𺳣Ƿ˲սľ޴սϣĲۡ
ҲǿҶǳߣŻ֪ҶǳĿֲЩ֪Ҷǳ֮󣬾͸ˡ
Ҷǳһ磬֮ʬء


1811 ȸ
ڤϣսһʱѷֳʤΪս̫ˣսҲ鲼ڤ
Ҷǳ˿ѾɱǧĽ״һǧ״񣬵սϣû˿Ӱ졣
Ͼ˵ս˼򶼿ˮοֻҶǳɱǧˡ
Σգ
ͻȻҶǳܵ˾ҵΣ˵ٶȱ˼£Ѹٺˡ
Ҷǳ˵ʱǿӰд˵ϣʵǳֲսನɨȥΧ״Ľ״ȫɱˡ
գ֮䣬ҶǳԭڵĵطֳһƬֻʣ½սеǿӰ
߽״񣿲ԣǱԪ
ҶǳңңǰǿӰͫ׶ʱһ
ڤֻ߽״񣬷ǳϣһ۾Ϳ˲߽״
ǰ˵ʵԴﵽ߽״ĲΣǾֻһֿܡ
ֿܱ˶״񣬶ҶѾʹ˱Ԫ˫˫ʵ߽״ĲΡ
ǱԪĸúܴ󣬱ڡޡû˸ҽӽǣǵȵԪҩЧ˾Ҫ״񾳽״񾳽磬ʵ
ԪҩЧֻһӣһ֮˱ֻ״񣬶Ҳû˿в
ҶǳǰսеʹñԪ״йâ˸
Ⱑ
Ҷǳڵʵ޷ɱ״񣬱ϾбԪ˼ҲбԪ
Ϊܹﵽ״񾳽磬ȱǧսԻ϶űԪ
Ҷǳڵʵ޷ɱ׵Ĵս񣬵״侳֮ҶǳͿԺ޹˼ɵĳˡ
ǵ侳磬׵ĴȫаսɱҶǳĵ׼ѡ
ֻͨ״ôϾ״ġƸҲ
״񣬼ǵ侳֮ӵеĲƸҲ״񼶱ģԶԶȻɱ״Ҫǿࡣ
ҲߣҶǳǰսʹñԪ״ôõĻԵôܻ
һղ̨ˣҶǳ⣬ϾʱҪ֣Χͻǧǿղ̨ˡ
ν벶ȸں
ҶǳֻҪһֻȸˡ
ʵϣʱҶǳѾע⵽Χӿ˲״
Ȼע⵽Ĳֻһˣܹߣûɵӡ
侳״ɵӶ֪鼫Ʒ⡣
ôõĻᣬʵǿһЩ״񶼲Ź
ԣڡһӡʱ伴ʱҶǳѾΧʮ״񣬶Ҷ״ϵǿߡ
ȻΧ״񣬻϶Ϲˡ
ϲģҲڳ
е鷳ԽԽˣ
Ҷǳüͷʵʮ״񣬵֮󣬱Ȼ䶯
ϾһĽ״ͻȻɱʮ״ôܲĿ
οΧϵ״Ϲ
ʱҶǳҲ޷͵նɱĽ״ˡ
⣬ҶǳҲܷŹġ
Ͼ״ӵеĲƸԶԶɱĽ״õĲƸ
ӵе߽׷󣬾ͼֵһս
ջ̫ˡ
¶ͱ¶ɣЩ״սע⵽ңЩ״񣬾㱻ΧҲ޾塣
ҶǳĿ˲ᶨ
ʱһѾȥˡ
ǰս״ϵǿϢڼԼҲǳҲƵ˼ޣҲӲ
ΪΧĵ̫ˣӣ
еĵ˵һЩеٶ״񣬵ǵ侳֮ȥб
ˣȻս֮еλ״ɫһ䣬Ϊǵľ糹׵䵽״񾳽磬ʵ
ڣΧѾʮλ״񣬴˿̼һ֣Žսλ侳Ѳɱȥ
ǧһ״ɱղ̨Ѳߣղ̨״ɱǧһѲߡ
˫ȻϵķǳĬѹûҪԮԼһѲߡ
ڻ磬Ǹ
ս֮Уû˻ɵȥԮˣҪɱ׬ȡսͻʯ
ߵ˽һ̷ӳ쾡¡
ҶǳҲһͷһųǼսʮ״
Ѳ߲˾磬Ѿܾˣʮ״Ķ֣ܿͱɱˡ
һϵƷͱ˳Ѿ׼õҶǳһӰʮ״ûзӦ֮ǰЩƷһɨ
ϾٶԶԶԽЩ״


1812 ¶
벶ȸںλѲҶǳʤߡ
Χʮ״ǰҶǳʱ۾ˡ
ɱλѲߣȻҶǳССĽ״֮
ʱ򣬸û˿ҶǳĽ״ΪʲôٶȣΪǶŭĻͷԡ
ɶһССĽ״Ҳҵǰڶʳ
ӵĶֱ


ղ̨һ״񿴵Ҷǳղ̨һԱó֣ȻҲܷŭȴסˣֻŭҶǳг
ǳ
ΪǿҶǳΪ
ȻҶǳ֣ǻҶǳ
ȫԵǧһ״ɱҶǳ֮ȥᱦ
ǧһ״ɲô࣬ŭΧǣȫҶǳ
߸״״ڵǿߣĸ״ڵǿߡ
߸״ΧסҶǳҶǳ·
ɱ
߸ǧ״񼸺ͬʱҶǳ֣ǿĹһϮҶǳ˶ûˡ
ȭ
Ҷǳͺһ㱻ڶǿΧ˿ֻһȭȭͬʱɳΧ״ȫѪɡ
ʲôԶսļղ̨״ŵصɴ۾
߸˵ǧ״Ҳ˼飬֮£ȻһССĽ״ˡ
Ҷǳȴǲ˼ʱ䣬һƼ˵Χ֮Ѹɱһǰȭݺݵغ
䣡ҵȭҫʣֲȭͬɽһŷ˵̫ͬ
ΪҶǳѾȭ˵һʽתһȭ֮аȭӡҶǳ״ڵĹһȭҲ൱λ״ڵǿһ
һ״ֵסǿνķǰ˲䱻˺ѿǿȭӡݺݵغ״ؿڣ˶ˡ
ৣ
Ҷǳٶһȭе״񳹵ɱƷҲ
ٿΧļǧ״񣬴˿ѾԶȥˡ
Ҷǰ׳գҶǳȭնɱһ״ڵǿߣﻹҶǳıϽΪϲߡ
ϧˣһɱ״񣬲ȻЩ˸ӲҶǳߵǧ״ЩΣ漴ҵһ״ɱȥ
ȻʵѾ¶ˣҲͲˣɱ״񣬿ɱɱĽ״õջˡ
һ˭ôôǿ
Ľ״ΪԽɱ״񾳽磬ô꣬ǵһμԽɱеš
Ǵ۽ˣ
Һղ̨һġ

ԭȼսղ̨״񣬿ҶǳıӰȫޱȡ
ȻҶǳѾûս֮УĽ״ӰȴǱǼμסˡ
ϾһԽɱеţǾǳš
Ѳߴˣ״ǿߣԽɱУ
Ҷǳ֪Ǽߵǧ״һѾҵᣬ֪һλǧѲߣҶǳʵ
ŶĽ׵ΪɻɱףĳţԲܷŹУһλǧѲ߸ոջɱղ̨ѲߣһӰȺеҶǳɱȥ
״ǿʶ֮£ҪעҶǳҶǳǶ㲻ġ
ϾֻҪע⵽ҶǳܿõҶǳĽ׵Ϊɻɱ״
һ˲õСӣ׵Ĵǰ߲У˾Բ
λǿѲߣɱҶǳ
ҶǳڲĽ׾ôҪﵽףףжôǿ
ΪǧѲߣȻҶǳųɳȥ
ţΣգ
ҶǳǳɱеͬʱһֱųʶϵǿǣΪϵĽ״״޷ввֻϣһֱעϵ
һλǿѲ߳ԼҴ˻ǧѲߣҶǳʱܵΣ
Ǳ¶ˣҶǳû⣬޷ɱ״ȻҲͱԽԽ״ߣԹʵȻҲǧ˵дˡ
ʱ׵ѲɱҲ֮С
ѲߵʵЩǿ״۷弶ǿߣҸĶ֡
ҶǳܹλǧѲߵΪӲƴǼӿٶȣһλղ̨Ѳߵ·ȥ
ͬʱҶǳͷų˻ý硣


1813 ɢ
Ҷǳǰһֱûзųý磬ҪǿǧѾղ̨һѹסˣټǧһ
Ͼղ̨һλ߽״Ļýղ̨һܿҪȡʤˡ
һղ̨ӮˣôսҲͽˣⲢҶǳ档
ϾֻսȥҶǳܼɱжᱦ
һսˣǧ˿϶ɢӣʱ򼴱ҶǳٶȣҲɱ˶ˡ
ڣȻѾǧһλǿѲ߸ˣҶǳͲòʩչýˡ
ûýǿղ̨ߵʵƵλѲ޷׷
ȻΪ˱һ㣬Ҷǳǳղ̨һλǿѲ߸ȥ
ͬҲһλǿ״۷ǿߣѹһλǧѲߴռݾԵϷ硣
ৣ
ҶǳĻýʱڤɱߣȫһ˲¶֮ɫ
Ǵ񼶱ǿߣȻܸܵýĽ٣˭Ҳ֪˭ͷųĻý硣
֪һͷųĻý硣
һӣ˶ýԵ֮֡
Ȼʱ䲢ûгãҶǳʶɨڤ֮󣬱ղ̨߸ֳˣȻȫǧߡ
˻ͬʱҶǳĻѾĻý֮У˻
ֲǧ˺ǵ꣬ǵʵýɡ
ýղ̨ͷųģСģһλǧѲߴͱ˷ܵղ̨Ѳ߸ɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ǧ߲
ΪһӱսǧĴ̫ˡ
״״񣬶ղ̨ǿڻýİ»ɱ˶֡
Ҷǳͷϵλղ̨״۷ǿߣ˿Ҳڻýİ£Ѹٻɱ˶֡
Ҳڴʱλ׷ɱҶǳǧѲߣλղ̨Ѳ߶ˡ
գҶǳͬԼԤϵѸߣʧȺС
λǧѲ߿ҶǳҲΣĶڻýİ£ʵҪǿ޷Ѷ֣Σա
ʵϣǧ߶Ѿ̿ˣûɵӣǶǳýӰ죬ϾսӰʵ̫ˡ
ǧߵĵĻ߽״Ǳߵս
ԭ»λղִ̨ºͷ굺Χ£ڤѾǿ֧ˣһֱսĴ̫ˡ
ûãλ˰ڤҲ޷֧ˣ»ͷ굺ֻˡ
û뵽Ƿ굺ȻһλǿĻõһߣصĺڤǵѪҺʵؿŶ»ͷ굺
»Цղ̨ߣעһ
ѶȰ㻹ɱɡ굺ҲЦǱռƣҶǳĻýѾʤ֡
ҪɱңΰɣڤҧҧóһűԪȥ
»ͷ굺ɫ䣬˼Ѹ˿ڤĹ
ڱԪ£ڵڤѾӵ˽״ǿʵ˿Կġ
Ȼ»ͷ굺ҲбԪǱԪĸúܴûͷȻᶯñԪ
Ҫɱңڤź˵»ͷ굺ʱЦ
»ߵֻһӵʱ䣬ֻҪСĶܣһӣ㻹޷ɱǣʱһ˾㡣
һӵʱ䣬ڤɱ»ͷ굺
ȵһ֮ڤΪҪ߽״䵽״񾳽磬Ҳ»ͷ굺Ķ֡
ߣ
ڤԶ»ͷ굺һķŭҧгݵ֮ǧر֮
ãҪӡ»ɫһ䡣
ڤڶһݻ֮󣬱Ԧŷ󣬳Զɶݶȥ
»ͷ굺ڤٶȣԥһ£ûȥ׷
һӵа˽׵ķ󣬶˽״ʵǵٶȸ׷»̾˿ԭڻýİ£ΪԻɱһλ߽״أϧ
ˣ߾߰ɣǱ׼Ͼ߽״ôնɱġ굺˵꣬㳯ǧѲɱȥ
ôãڤˣǻûһջأȻҪûɱǧѲߡ
»һڤǱߣǼһڿڤ֮Ҳϰѷ굺ˡȽϺãֻз굺һ˸סʹҪ±Ԫߡ
»̾˿ҲȥɱǧѲˡ
λڤ߽״ˣǧȻҲɢˡ


1814 
ǿ߽״Ҫǿ󣬿϶ǳ˱Ԫ
·ɱҶǳͻȻܵһǿɵ̧ͷȥ
ڤ֪λ߽״Ѿ˱Ԫʵ˰˽״񾳽硣
ˣսҪˣҵöɱһˣҶǳɫһ䣬漴ֱó󣬽̤߽׵ķѸٴȺ֮УɱĽ״
ڻýİ£ڤһ߽״ȻֲסˣƵó±Ԫˡ
ϧԪֻһӵʱ䣬ı䲻ս֡
Ȼȿڤ֮ڤЩѲҲŵȥˡ
״Ľ״״Ҳʼɢˡ
ϴǶˣǻɵɵ
ɱɱɱ
Ҷǳ̤ŷٶ߽״񣬲ϵػɱǧĽ״
֮Բȥɱ״Ϊ޷ɱ״񣬶״׵ķ߽׵ķɱԷᵢʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ɱĽ״ˣϾĽ״û߽׵ķ󣬱ҶǳһɱӶӲ
Ȼ˻ɱĽ״Ҷǳڻɱ״񣬷ֻҪģܹɱģһȻץߵ˱Ʒ
ղ̨ҲͬҶǳһŬɱжᱦ
λ߽״ҲɱˣǸҶǳһѡɱɱĵˣǾǧ״
ǧ״߽׵ķе˱ԪߵĻ߽׵ĴҲ׷ϡ
ⳡ׷ɱսһֱʱ䣬ղ̨ߣһ·ɱڤĵΧˡ
ֱ˷굺ټ˲ظ˻ڤϡ
ѹѹһƬղ̨ߣ鲼ڤ
ҶǳȺУһɨȺУһѰĺ˵Ӱ
һҶǳһݣΪղ̨ɣǧ䡣
֮ô࣬ҪЩ˱ԪǧߣǰҲ˵汳
Ȼǧ˸࣬߳ɣǴȫʤ
ʤҶǳڲʤ
أҶǳѰĺ˵ӰҲĺ
ףĺ䡣
һ״۷ǿߣȻ䣬
Ҷǳ̾˿ųʶ̽ڤ
лţ
֮ҶǳֻҵеӰĺƶˡ
ҶǳȺС
ʱڵϣŴҶǳʱҲӦҶǳɵòЦҶ֣û뵽㻹ţҾ֪㲻ʵ״񣬻һȺĽ״֮УȻˡϧֶˡ
ҶǳУȻɫһ䣺˱Ԫ
ӦеϢ࣬ԭѾ״񾳽磬ȴ䵽Ľ״񾳽磬Ǿֻг˱Ԫˡ
ԱԪҶ־ͿˡһЦû⡣
ȻΪˣȴˣջܴΪһһ
ͺãҶǳе˵ͷ
ʱλ굺߽״ѾԶ˻еټԱߡ
굺·һߣ˷֮ɫЦλǣӮˣڤǸˡ
·ڶ߶һܣǻˣǶʤߣջܴ
Щߣû˻⣬Ͼûʲôˡ
ѣҲ΢һпĻ磬ԼԱѣʱȥѡ
Ҷǳĺǣ㲻ѣϾƽʱҲͳʱŴһ𣬶ҶǳҲֻĺһΣеսѹϵɣûô顣
Ҳ䣬Ҷǳе˸УϾƵĹϵһ򲻴
λ˵㣡
У굺ڤȻѾˣϾǧĵ̣Ǹռݲ˶೤ʱ䣬ǧһġǵԮҪϵڤҲҪʱ䡣ԣڤ֮꣬ٷط굺
ڤһܴĿڣǿԾھ򣬵ھĻʯԼС
λǣȥժȡǵʤʵɡ
굺£·ڶǶڤĿȥ
ȻҲһЩûжЩϵߡ
ΪĿʯǳӲھʯǳѣʱ䣬ǵʵҲֻھʮƷʯʯ״ϵ߷ҲֻЩ״Ľ״Ż⡣


1815 
У굺ЩסĽ״뿪ĿʱɨΪ״״ǣЦʵ֪ͷųýĵ˭ܹȡʤѹûһ
굺Ϊͷųý߿϶Ⱥ֮УϾܹͷųýߣջ϶޴󣬲ȥڿ
ò˵µĺܶԣҶǳ˿̾͸һ𣬸ûȥڿ
굺Ļ˶۷׷ȥѰλͷųýġѡ
֪˭ͷųýģҪлʱطų˻ý磬Ҽ˱ԪҲӲһ
ʱҲͷĹˣѰˣһ߶Ҷǳ˵
Ҷǳģܣѹû㱩¶Լ
ղ̨˵ղ̨ǧ嶼˴ڱ˴˵֮а˼ϸ˭֪Щ֮ûǧļϸ
Ҷǳ¶˻ýǧһΪжصǿ߲
Ͼý̫ǿˣս֮УýİһԣǿԸıսֵ
ǧԲŹҶǳġ
Ȼ¶˻ý磬Ҳпܵõղ̨ص࣬ᱻ͵ղ̨ȥ
ҶǳҰԼ˽ղ̨壬ҪԼԼˡ
ûоԵǰҶǳ׼¶ý硣
λѣһ͵ɻʮսζǵİܴ󣬿ԷֵսһУ굺ٶȿ˵
»ͷ굺ҲڴȺ
ϧ״̫ˣ׵ѲҲв٣ǸȻ
ҶǳǸ޷ô֮ҵλõһߡ
λ߽״һۣ̾˿
»ҡͷλѲ뱩¶Ҳ⣬Ͼ˭֪ǵûǧļϸһǧ֪ݣǧȻŹǡ
굺ͷ»ϸ˵еҲֻҪһλѡȻˣǾȰս¼ʲôʱԱ¶ݵʱʱȡЩս
ã»˵ͷ漴˵λѣ⣬㵣Լȫұ¶ݵĻȷط굺֮ȥղ̨ǣʱٱ¶ݣͲܵвˣһõղ̨صࡣ
λ߽״˵꣬ҲͲٶˡ
ѾԼջ
ҶǳҲˣԱ߲һʱٴȻԼεջˡ
սһɱǧλ״ǧλĽ״ʮλ״Լλ״
ղ̨Ĺ涨ɱ״һλɻս1ǧλ״һɻ3000ս
ɱĽ״һλɻս100ǧλĽ״һɻս50ڡ
ɱ״һλɻս500ʮλ״һɻս35000ս
ɱ״һλɻս1000λ״һɻս2000
ԣҶǳιսһ54ս
ҵļƻûɱĽ״ɱ״׬ջ󡣡Ҷǳмѡ
54սƷʯͼֵһٶˡ
Ȼû˻ɵսһʯΪսԹܶ޷Ʒ
˵ҶǳҲȱٻʯ
Ҫֻ֪սûֲϺء
ڻ磬һλٵļһһͣһͣоǷֱ
ˣҶǳһ֮󣬷ӵ11000
Ľ2ڼ
300
10
߽׷30׷3000׷Ľ׷ҶǳˣΪֵԶԶ߽׷׷
Ƿˡ
Ҷǳһ߼Щһ߼ѡ
2ڼĽͼֵ200Ʒʯˣһ250Ʒʯ
ҶǳõĸֲϣҲһӴ֣˵ҲǼֵƷʯϡ
ЩЩĻʯˣЩǲ࣬Ͼ߶ЯĻʯдĻʯҲ
ԣҶǳõƷʯ̫࣬Ϊɱ࣬ԼÿЯƷʯ࣬ǼһҲʮڡ
ЩƷʯǱҶǳɱ5000λĽ״׳ģÿٶмƷʯ
ŵһ£ٻһǧϵƷʯҶǳսƷ֮󣬼ױȡ
һսȵ洬ӳȥǧõջˡ


1816 ճ
սƷ֮ҶǳʹʱٴˣҪڤ꣬ʱٴһٱǾꡣ
ҲܹʮƷʯʵҶǳΪû˿á
Ҷǳ˷һʱ䣬ʮƷʯûлʯ
תۼţҶǳʱٴ̣һǴط굺

굺¥
ҶǳԶǰϰ˷ʢľƲˣԱߵλϣԷһ˫Ӻһơ
ҶǳƱһҿһ˵λٿУ̾ʱҺԼãһ¥ԷȻȴֻˡ
ϣҶǳһ
Ҳ±еľˮҶǳ̾ǻĲпᣬֻмʵпȥ
Ҷǳ˵ͷʵǸûǿʵһ죬ҲĺƵ³
ʲô㣿Ҷǳ漴ʵ
ҡͷȽΪȻ齨ӣƴ
ԭҪĺӵģս֮ĺֻмٸ״ǻոƨֻԼ齨ˡ
أʵ
ҶǳЦҲҪչʵõĻףҲȥ齨ӡ
ջܴ󣡡̾׼ҶǳĴӣϾ֪Ҷǳʵǿܴ
ҶǳĿаս״񾳽磬ǾͲټĴˡ

¥ֱûٻĺ
Ҷǳصĺʼıչ֮·
ٺ;ӳؿҶǳӣ˵š
ĺӳױˣǸúȥδӣʵ
ӳصȸҶǰɣսˣĺֻҶǰʵǿˡңҶǰμȻܹŻôջ϶ܴҲԽ״񾳽磬Ӷ̳ĺӡ
ϣҶǰܹ̤״񾳽磬ҪȻֲ֪䵽ηٸ̾
ǷǳҶǳܹŻ

ʱٴڣҶǳóһƷʯʼΪͻ塣
ûмȥղ̨¥͸ֲϣҲûмȥһս
Ϊõս͸Ʒʵ̫ˣЩһССĽ״ܹõģһȥһսƷԻĿ
ϾһССĽ״񣬾ȻɱǧĽ״񣬻ɱ˼ʮ״ɱ״ô쵽ģ
ʱ򣬲Ҳ굺ĺ䶯Ҷǳͳ׳ˡ
ɲҶǳĵ͵֮·
ԣҶǳ׼ΪΪף׺ȥһսǱ˾Ͳٻˡ
ʮƷʯ㹻ΪͻˣҲȥղ̨¥
ŻʯҶǳΪͻڷǿš
һٶʮƷʯҶǳΪͻ˫˫״ڡ
ʱٴһٱ˿Ҳȥһǧˡ
ҶǳûгأƷʯΪ
ֹǧ꣬ҶǳʣµʮƷʯĴΪ״ڣҲﵽ״ڡ
ǿ壬ҶǳڶаնԿ߽״񼶱ǿˡ
߳ʱٴ󣬺ʿҶǳеޱȵ㡣
ڴﵽ״ڣЩͲϣӦÿ̤״񾳽ˣʱ򼴱߽״ҲҵĶˣǳҲԱ֮
Ҷǳâҡ
ô꣬Ա֮ˡ
ܿ죬Ҷǳ뵽һص⡣
Ǿǹëǵķ顣
һαչǧ֮꣬ǰҲķ꣬ʱ䣬ҷѾǧʱˣôʱȥˣǿ϶Ѿˡ
ҶǳжʱЩǡ
ëǷ磬֪ʲô
ղ̨ǧ弤սϣǳʵ̫Σˡ
ëǸոշûдﵽףҪսҲⷢ
統Ҷǳڵݵǧ幥һס׵Ĵһս֮С
һεķ굺ڤڤϾһס׵Ĵȥ
ԣǳΣյʱǶ˵
һҪҵǣˣڷ֮ǰǼǵҪҵһ߷һҾͨҵǵλá
Ҷǳæȥʱٴ󣬼һξѪʼԼķλá


1817 һ
ΪģԷ֮ҪҵԷѶȷǳ
Ҷǳڱûҵղ̨ºͰǣǵһϢûС
ڰǷ֮ҶǳҲ˼ܾã뵽һ취
취ǾŸ
תһʱҶǳ˾ŸЩҲ½磬ëΪ
ҶǳصؽҪһ
ΪЩϾǴģڤڤ֮иҶǳкܴϵ¸źԶҶǳңңӦõ
ԣҶǳ뵽ëǷ֮󣬴пҵõëǡ
ȻһжƲ⣬ܲܳɹҶǳҲûԹҿ϶
ʱҶǳԼľѪԼһ߷ټ
Ҷǳâɣڲϵһǣָķ
ȻǾ߷ǴϵѪģҳ꣬ЩӦ
Ҷǳһϲһ˿ӦȻ΢޷֪Ǿ߷ľλãٷǸӦˡ
ңһЩһԸӦõ
ĿǰֻܸӦڶϷ򣬵Ȼ߷ڣǾ˵ǻû顣
Ҷǳ뵽
ʵֻҪǷսë״֮ǰʲôΣա
δҹζ࣬ҶǳҪȥѰǡ
ЩϺȥҼǡҶǳ߳ӣ뿪ĺǰղ̨¥
ΪëǵİΣòж
ղ̨¥ҶǳԼϵ͸ֲȫӴŮЩֱ۾ŵؿҶǳ
ô⣿Ҷǳߵ
ûУǰԵƬ̡ŮҵΪҶǳϸܵ״ǿϢ
Ůæſռָǰȥ˼ЩƷļֵ
Ҷǳε˺ܳʱ䣬ԼʱŮŴҴҸ
ǰЩƷһֵŰƷʯһЩԶһһս
ŮҶǳ۾ðǣôʯǵһμ
һλ׵ѲߣҲôջ񣬸˵ֻһ״ˡ
ղƷλǰƺˡ
ʯңһսҶһűԪҶǳ˵
εսƷ͸ֲϣвٷ
ЩҶǳֻеʮ߽׷ʣµĵͽ׷ͱȫˡ
߽׵ķֵܴ󣬹ؼʱ̿ԱⶫֻսܹҶǳصԺëһһ

úҶǳʹžŰƷʯűԪ뿪ղ̨¥
ʱƷʯŰڣԪ֮ǰһţһš
мԼһ߽׷һʮһ߽׷
ӴĲƸһЩѲ߶δرȵϡ
⣬˵ƣҲǧơ
ЩƶҶǳնɱ֮󣬴ǵ֮õġ
Ҫ֪ɱˣҪһսֻܿЩơ
Ͼûƣô֤ɱ˶ٵˣ
Ҷǳ˿ڿЩƵ顣
Ҫȥһս𣿡
Ҷǳԥ
õս̫ӴˣһȥһĻ굺ᱻ
ҶǳҲ굺ΪѾ߽״ʵٲҲܰȻ뿪
ο֮ͥ£굺ѵ֣
ԣҶǳԥƬ֮󣬱ϵ
ǰһսвˣҶǳŶһʱ֮󣬲ֵ
ѣѵ˵ɡһһ״ҶǳЦ˵
ΪӦҶǳҲ״̬ЩãǻЩĽ״״ɫ϶Įޱȡ
ҶǳѾ׼ˣһöռָԷ
ùռָʶ̽УһʼЩ⣬ǵƵ֮󣬶ʱˣŵؿҶǳ
ôʲô𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ѣս̫ӴˣûʸֻȥʾˣԵƬ̡˴һҶǳɫЩŹֵ˵
ҶǳԤϣ˵ԣ
ǵԵƬ̣ſռָæŵȥ
Ҷǳ˿ԸӦصļ˿̶ԼԼ·
ҵɼϸ𣿡ҶǳݸһЦ
һ״񣬾Ȼô˵ƣкܴǵ˵ļϸģϾһ״ûɱô˵ġ
ǧļϸǾпˡ
ϾƣǧҪٶС


1818 
ǧ״ǧĽ״ʮ״񣬾Ȼһ״˵һλ״һս
һΰĴڣ굺һ״ɫɵʵ
Ǹһսˣ굺Էȷʵ״ɣھ棬ҪҪһԷܿǧļϸ
굺ҡͷô׳յļϸǼϸ϶һضһսһӶһôսɵӶ֪ôҵע⡣
һսһ㶣ϸҲеϸô޴
ǣһ׵ĴĿԻɱô
˵ЩĽ׵ˣ͵Ǹ׵ƣѵԷɱһλ׵Ѳߣ
һսɻ󲻶ϡ
ȥ굺Ҳ벻ͨҶǳ
ҶǳԴԤϣԵ֪굺ҪԼҲûеִ
ںΰ֮УҶǳٴμ˷굺
λƿط굺߽״һϵشҶǳʵЩƶɱĵ˵𣿡
굺ָԱߵһöռָҶǳһöռָ
Ҷǳһۣ˵ͷ
Ҷǳӣ굺ʵѾҶǳǼϸˣɲЩҶǳһ˻ɱĵˣȵʵһս֮лɱǧĽ״񣬸Ӳܻɱһλ״񡣿˵㵽ǲǧļϸ
ϣһ߽״񼶱ǿϢҶǳѹȹ
ȭ
Ҷǳøϻֱȭӡŷ굺ȥ
õ굺û뵽ҶǳȻ֣ʱȻŭҲһȭ
أ
޴ĴһǿȥôϵķĶͷųҵĹâ
ͬʱ굺ɫһ䣬Ȼһȭʮ
Ҷǳսȭ£Ѿ߽״ڵǿˣһȭ֮£Ƿ굺ǿߣִ֮ҲҶǳˡ
÷굺Щţŭǵ죡
˵꣬뻹ȴҶǳ
㻹ҵʵ𣿡Ҷǳ˵
굺ʱӱŭ֮зӦڨڨؿҶǳ뵽Ҷǳղչֳʵȷб»ôս
ֻǣܹԽɱеţǵһμеЩ˼顣
û뵽ղ̨ȻţѵͷŵĻý𣿡굺Ȼʵ
Ҷǳҡͷҡ
굺ҶǳһۣȻҶǳûгϣе㻳ɣΪһֱ
ȻҶǳԸϣ굺Ҳûǿ
˿̣굺Ҷǳн𾪲ѡ
ڲ״ڣսﵽףҪңﵽ߽ףжôǿ󣿡굺뵽
һ˲䣬굺֪ԼܵҶǳһҪҶǳ
£굺æ˵ҶѣղŶᣬڼȻѾ֤ʵôЩսϸһ
Ҷǳ˵ˣỳҲҵĵϸǿģǴݵģпȥһ¾֪ˣݵĵͿƻǵҡ
굺æ˵Ҷ˵ЦˣҶѡ
ȥ飬϶ȥģֻܰɲҵҶǳ
£굺ٶȣҶǳ¼ս
һʮսҶǳԼҪһЩ
иҪһ£֪ɲԣԼս֮Ҷǳŷ굺ѯʵ
굺£ҶǳǱɣɵЦʲô㾡ʡ
ǹʱٴģղ̨¥ֻܿһٱʱٴ̣֪֪ûиʱٴ󣿡Ҷǳʵ
оŰٶƷʯЩʯҪȫһٱʱٴҲҪķѾǧʱ䡣
ôʱȥ˭֪ëǻ᲻ΣգҶǳɲҵôʱ䡣
ԭСⰡ
굺ԣɵùһЦҶǳЦ˵ʱٴȻеģҪڴ͵ղ̨¥еҪһսһҶҪжһ̣һǧԽ㡣
ҶĳͶлˡҶǳʱϲ
һǧʱʹˡ
һսѣҶǳʮսϾ͸굺һˡ


1819 뿪굺
뿪Ҷǳصĺٴνбչ
ŰٶƷʯԭҪǧֻܽҪŰ㹻ˡ
һǧʱٴУҶǳóʯʼΪ
Űʱ䲢ҶǳȲȥëǣʵȥѰңȫҲбϡ
Ͼ֪ëǧĵ̣ղ̨ĵ̡
ղ̨ĵ̣ôҵëǾ࣬ǧĵ̣Ǿ鷳ˡ
С͵ĻڵʵС͵㹻ˡ͵죬Ҿû취ȥˣֻܴǳ
Ҷǳа뵽
Ȼëղ̨ĵ̣һоٺòˡ
ֻǣҶǳĴ㣬Ҫʵ
ֻҪӵǿʵȥëǾͻ᷽ࡣ
ʱȻţҶǳǰĻʯڲϵؼ٣ʵҲڲϵǿš
һꡭꡭꡭİꡭꡭꡭ
ʱţҶǳʵԽԽǿ
ΪѾ״۷壬Ҳﵽ״۷徳磬״񾳽綼ܽˡ
ڣںķ֮߰ҶǳΪͻ˫˫״񾳽硣
ˣҶǳʵһ¥ﵽһµĲΡ
ʣ¶ٶƷʯòżˣΪҲ˶ʵ
ʱٴ֮УҶǳ۾Լʱѡˡ
ʣµƷʯҲ˶ʵȻˣʡ˷ٶʱ䡣
Ҷǳ֮󣬱1000ʱٴ̣漴ӳغͳٶˡ
ǰ
ǰ
ӳغͳæҶǳ
˴˿̿ҶǳĿˣΪǷԼѾҶǳΪˣ˵ҶǳΪǸϡ
ʣҶǳ̤״񾳽磬ǶҶǳ𾴵ԭ
ҵΪѾﵽ״񾳽磬Ϊղ̨Ѳߡ
Ҷǳǰˣ΢΢ЦνûвɢϯȳΪѲ֮ҾҪ뿪굺ˡҲʶһԽǹһˣҲǵɡ
ٺ;ӳضгĽ׵Ѳ߰Ǻεȵĵλڿġ
æףصϲǰ
Ҷǳ˰֣漴Ĺâһ׵ķ䶪ˡ
׵ķ󣬷ղ̨¥Ҳֵһǧսձ͸ǣҲʶһԵ֡ҶǳЦ˵
ٺ;ӳ˿еķ󣬾ϲĻ
׷󰡣˷ĴЩͽⱣ
лҶǰ
Ҷǰ£û
ٺ;ӳضæ˴˿̶ҶǳǸмѡ
׷Ժ洬ȥʹˡ
ϾȼķһЩĽ׵Ĵ񶼺ӵС
ǻʯıֻսһ
սĻȡ̫ˣǶڵͽ׵˵Ҫȡһǧսֱȵ컹ѡ
ˣǶౣذɣԺԵټҶǳ֮󣬱뿪ĺ
ٺ;ӳض˹һֱĿҶǳȥ
ΣٲŸпؿǸˣҶǰʹҲͰˣǰȻǴ˵ȱû뵽пĻ磬Ȼ˺ˡ
ӳҲܹ̾ҶǰˣֻǿϧҶǰʵ̫ǿԺϣûС
ҶǰǵǿߣҲҪǱҡͷ
ӳصͷҶǰܹô̵ʱ״񾳽磬ǰ;ԺΪǳصһ
ʱҿǻҪȥҶǰЦ˵
ӳ΢ЦǾҪúʵˣܹҶǰĺ
ţٵ˵ͷ

굺
ҶǳӵѾΪղ̨Ѳˡ
뿪ҶǳȥͷȻʻһս뿪˷굺
УҶǳϥʼԼǾ߷ټ
󣬸ڤڤ֮еָķҶǳƶսԼڵķλȥ
ҵΪͻ壬ڶѾﵽ״ڣȭ߽״ڵǿҲ޾塣
Ҷǳ趨սеķ֮󣬱㿪ʼԼʵ
ĿǰǿʵֻҪ˽סŽ״񼶱ǿߣǾͲΣա
ǳط˽״;Ž״ǳ٣Ƕһܹ
ԣҶǳѾ˶Դǳصʸˡ


1820 
򣡡
ҶǳԼλãսʻķ󣬱㿪ʼȭ
ﵽ״񾳽磬ȭܼˡ
һʱҶǳȭѾ˵һʽתת̡
ÿһתȭɱӣսսҶǳռҪ
ȻҲǻϵĺãǿ澭ġ
澭ǴۼĹȻǳ͡ȭ֮£ҲͲҶǳֽ׶εռܹġ
治֪սǰжôǿ󡣡
ۣۡţ֪϶ǽӽڵľ
Ҷǳһȭһ߰뵽
ԽȭԽܵսĿֱֲޱߣͬǿһ㣬оԼСͬ
֪ܹսλǰʵжôǿ󣬼ֱ

굺
Ҷǳ뿪굺ʮһսڷ굺
Ƿ굺𣿡һ˴Ӵ߳Ҷǳϳͽܡɡ
ڰɵԱߣŮװղ̨£ЦŵͷǷ굺һ͵죬ǿˣҲ߽״ڵʵȫǣԽǾʱڷ굺
һЦ
Щղ̨¸ֵҩһƷʯİ£Ѿﵽ״۷徳硣
Ϊټղ̨һ׾ŽԺɨ߽״һİ˽״ܿһ
οղ̨»ë԰ڵΪһʹëȫԻɱ˽״
ǳأҲ;Ž״вǡ
߰ɣڷ굺һղ̨ǵͻƵ߽״񾳽Ǿͳǰղ̨ǡղ̨˵
Ե˵ͷǼҪǰղ̨ǣȻҪǰ׼һСģͻᱻǧĸָˡ
Щ꣬ѾͨϢ֪ղ̨Ǹĺǧĸ
ʵϢղ̨ղ̨ԪųģΪľŮղ̨£Ҫǰղ̨ǡ
ԣЩɺղ̨¶ղ̨һС͵
ֱڣѾǿʵղ̨²žǰղ̨ǡ
Ǻܷ㲻˵͵춼кܶôû˰
ڷ굺Ľֵϣɺʵ
ղ̨Ҳüͷ˵е֣͵첻Ӧֻôˣд溽ûлҲ̫ˡ
ȥҸʿ˵գԱһ״Ϣ
λ״һ״񣬵Ȼҵæ͵Ѳߴ֪֮ǰǹǧڤȻǻʤҲһЩߡ
ԭˣɻȻ漴ô뿪
һԵղ̨Ժղ̨ڤҲ֪ͬһ͵죬굺Ȼܹʤ˵ղ̨ʵǿһ֡
Ǻǣղ̨µԿ䣬ǰȥ
ڴʱ·ĺ״ǳٺ;ӳء
һĺ̾µĴҪסˣǵ뿪ˡ
ϧʵ̫ˣȻͿԸҶǰ뿪ˡӳҲ̾
ҶǰԶɫһ㳯״ȥ
ղ̨¼״ɵ÷˷Щ˵㲻ҪôźòãһաҶģΪʦѵ֪ǳжҶļֱôʦ˵ʦǵΪҲûʸ˼ǰ
ʿҡҡͷǰסٺ;ӳء
λһȡ˵գóԼѲƣղ̨¸ġ
ٺ;ӳؿɵѲƣʱʧɫæ񣺡Ѳߴˣ
ɰ˰֣ѯʵղ˵Ҷǰ֪λҶǰȫʲô
ǰܸˣһԣղ̨ҡҡͷ
ٺ;ӳ˶һۣЩüؿɣûϻش
һ֪ʲôЦ˵ǷģһλҶĹѣҪ鷳
ٺ;ӳ˿С˵˵ҶǰҶǳҲһλѲߴˡ
ʲôɺղ̨ԽǾ
漴ɼҪҵ˾ǽҶǳȥ
һԵղ̨Ѿ侲æ˵˵̫ˣǳôͬͬյҲкܶ࣬ǸҶǳģ
ԣʶҶǰʲôģɼæʵ
漴˻֣û֮ģҶǳò
£ɺղ̨¾ͳȷˣʶҶǳ


1821 һ
ȻǸһ
ղ̨°ų۳ϤӰɵŵǼһﻹǺģôһת۾ͳΪѲߣûЩԴҲûеҩ
ʦǲԵҩġ˵գ㼱æѯʳ٣ʴ
ҡͷǰˣǰҶǰѾ뿪˷굺˼ʱڶ굺ˡ
ʲôԣʱһʧ
ղ̨Ա˵ȻѾΪѲߣԸ񣬵ȷȥϾѾ˴ǳصʸ񡣡
֪굺ˣ´β֪ʲôʱҵʦˡ̾Ϣ
ղ̨Ц˵İɣ϶ȥղ̨ǵģǵʱϾˡ
ϣ˰ɣɵ˵ͷ漴ղ̨ȥ
ٺ;ӳؿһ۰ǣҲûж룬תȥˡ
һ벻ͨ
·ϣղ̨һʵǼһãΪʲôô죿ôʯ
ʦ츳ȺܹԽսڻ½ʱ򣬾ڶʱ˻磬ɻˡһԺ˵
ղ̨ҡͷ̫СˣȻ츳һЩţǲ̫Զˡܹǳô𣬵ȷЩ¡
ô˵֪ʦΪѲߣҲͷˡЦ˵ѹʯͷڿԷˡ
ҶǳǳģҶǳڵʵ㹻ǳԱˡ
߰ɣȥղ̨¥һϢǱҸطһʱ䣬߽״񾳽硣ղ̨˵
ɵ˵ͷ

ʱҶǳ֪˷굺ԼλãȻ󿪴ȥ
ڷ굺²ȥˡ
ãڻղ̨ĵڣϣǷղ̨ĵ졣Ҷǳ뵽
ëղ̨͵Ѳƣղ̨ĵ죬ǻҶǳһܵһЩչˡ
Ƿǧĵ̣ⶫͲóˣʱȻҲͲܵκչˡ
ԣҶǳҲֻëǷղ̨ĵ졣
ǳ󣡡
Ҷǳһ˼·ûҵԼλãЩ
ô㣬ж
ֱ󰡡
䣡
ڴʱԶǿϢٳҶǳƽ
ǧѲߣȻҹҶǳʶ̽˹ȥʱһЦ
ԷǧѲߣ϶ǿ׳ڵĺ۸ˣԲŸҹɱ
ϧעߵˡ
ʱԶǧѲԽԽˡ
ղ̨Ѳߣ
׳ڶѣɱ
ǧѲһ̴߶ɱҶǳǿΧĺˮϯա
ߣҶǳһ̤ŷѸٳһǧѲɱȥ
׳ڣҲӲӲǧѲ׺ڵĴԸûҶǳ
ǿĴ߶£һ۵ĹâҶǳڵΧĿ־嶼ڲ
䣡
ĹҶǳֱһȭȥԷˡ
ʲôǧѲͫһŵŴɡ
ȭҶǳץסᣬһȭһˣԷĻֱ֮ӷ飬ش
ãǿһǿߡǧѲڲԶؿҶǳ
һѾ𾪲ѡ
ɱҶǳŸǣֱӴ߶ý罵٣ͷų
ʱ޴ĻýͽǧѲסˣлްæǧѲֱӱս
⻹û꣬ĻҲǧѲ߸һʵ
ʵһӾûˡ
ʵͲҶǳǧѲߣ˿Ҷǳǰ͸ӵĲһˡ
֮£ҶǳѹģӶӲ
ԱԪƴһǧѲߴ漴óһűԪȥ
һҲԥóԪȥ
ʱǧѲߣ㱬߽״ǿս
ǣڻýͻ֮£ǵʵɲҶǳ
ܣǧѲ߳׾ˣٺҶǳͷܡ
Ȼлýͻǵٶȷǳûӳý磬ǵıԪҩЧ͹ȥˡ
·Ҷǳɱ˹ʧȥ˱ԪҩЧ˵ΪѾ䵽״񾳽磬һȭɱ


1822 ׻
ɱǧѲߣҶǳջ߽׷߽׷Ѿﵽ33ˡ
⣬ϵĻʯ͸ֲϼҲֵʮƷʯ
ҶǳԴ˺⡣
ȻΪﵽ״ڣҪ߽״񾳽磬ҪĻʯǳӴȻҪۡ
һ·ѰҼǣ˳ɱһЩǧߡҶǳ뵽
Ҷǳȭżݷλãȷսеķ
ǧʱգ۹ȥˣҶǳ֪˶ãڵͼϣѾ굺Զˡ
ݷλˣ
һ죬Ҷǳֹͣȭʼݷλá
ݵĽȴҶǳһ
ΪĽˣ
ݵķҶǳǳصĵͼ֮󣬷ëλǧĵǱߡ
ʣëǷ֮󣬳ǧĵ
ˣ
Ҷǳüͷ
ëǵİΣǷʱǾۼͬһ졣
ԣëȺˣ϶ͬһطҲǧĳ졣
һȺ˶ˡ
һΣգǾȫû
ҶǳɵЩڣ֪ǷɢˣٲǱһ򾡡
ֻǵǵټϲȷ·ǷãԲǾۼһ˴ҲиӦ
ںҲûãþҵǣȻҵķûбݻ٣Ǿ˵ʱǰȫġҶǳҡҡͷ漴߶ս·
һΣҶǳûҼˣΪҪǧĵˡ
ǧĺ֮УʮǧѲߣ⻹ղ̨ߵĵ̡
ǧĵ̣ĵ϶࣬˵ãп߽ס˽׵ǿߡ
£ҶǳȻҪʮ־裬˿⣬ʱʱ̶̿ҪʶӳȥԱǰΣ
һҶǳսʽǧĵ̡
ʮҶǳ˵һˣֻһ׵Ĵӣ׾ٵˡ
ǽҶǳɱǧ崬ԽԽ࣬Ҳͱ¶ˡ
ֹһ꣬ҶǳܵǧλѲߵΧɱ󣬶Ҷǳɱˡ
ǧ忴Ѿע⵽ˣҶǳǧѲߵıɫ
ɱ˼ٸǧĴ֮⸽ĵʧô󣬿϶֪еԾѲ߲̽
ҶǳնɱλѲ֮ǧжҶǳʵǿλѲߡ
֮ǧпǲ˽׵ǿ߹ˣ˵ز˾
Ҷǳ뵽
һǧѲߣԷɵҲ֪Լǰ˽׵ǿߣԽ϶ǲ˽׵ǿ߹
ҶǳȻ˽׵ǿߣڳԱԪ£򲻵ѣǲԱԪġ
ο˽׵ǿߣ˭֪᲻иߵȼķ󣬵ʱҪӶӲ
ˣҶǳɨս֮Ͼս̤߽׷Ѹ뿪˵ء
ȼٸһ·֮ҶǳóսǱˮ׺С
ݷλˣҶǳϥֿʼݷλˡ
žԽԽҶǳѾȷڵΧˡ
ȵһݷλ֮ҶǳǳصĵͼʼԱȷλá
ӦþƬڣ
ҶǳǰĵͼָȦһΧȻ鿴еĵ졣
Χһǧ죬д͵һ͵С͵ǧ
ϣֻǳС͵죬ڵʵ׹С͵죬ӶǡҶǳ뵽
С͵ڶ࣬ôëǳС͵ļҲͺܸߡ
ʵϣ󲿷ַߣٷ֮ʮĸʶС͵졣ϾǳأС͵ġ
ë̫ˣ͵죬ڴ͵졣
Ǵ͵죬ڵʵҪֱ֣͵죬Ҳһ˾ֵܹġҶǳֻëǷС͵졣
ΪԽԽˣҶǳÿһ궼ҪһΡ
ڣʮ֮Ҷǳ׼ȷ϶Լڵλá
׻𵺣
Ҷǳŵͼϵһ죬ɫѿ
Ϊһ͵졣
ΧڣǧС͵죬ֻ͵죬û뵽ȻëǸˡ
治֪˵ëãǵù
ǲô˵ҶǳҪ̤׻𵺣޷ëǡ
ôȥˣǾûдﵽ״񾳽磬Ҳ״Զˡ
һǸ洬ӳҾܳûҵǡ

Ҷǳգս
ҪǱ뵽׻𵺡


1823 
׻𵺣
Ϊǧ͵죬ķȷ굺ѷɫʤһ
Ϊʢġ׻ʯ׻ʯһ񼶱ĶϣרŴ춥Ĳϡ
Ҫ߽ס˽ףŽ׵ٲ׻ʯĴڣֲϼ۸Ҳǳ
׻Ϊ׻ʯĲأȻǷǳ֣Զʤ͵졣
˵׻𵺵ǿ߰ɡ
͵죬ֻ߽״򣬶׻𵺣λ߽״֮⣬һ˽״
ɴ˿ɼǧ׻𵺵ӣ˵Ƕ׻ʯӡ
Ȼ׻𵺷ǳַǶڷ˵׻ȴǵһĴڣǷϣĵط
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊ׻𵺲ûлʯֻ׻ʯķߣҪ׻ʯڿ
Ȼͬڿ󣬵ڻʯܰȫϾʯ˻֮ûʱھʯҲܹһЩ֮Ϊа
Ȼ׻ʯȴɢųȵ׻ֻ½Ҫ£ڻ
Ӵ׻ʯ֮УǾһƬȵĻ𺣣¶ȷǳߣ޾׻
ڿ󣬾Ҫ׻տǣڱ׻տǧǧ֮󣬾ԱסҲΪˣܲˡ
ˣ׻𵺷ķߣͨҪڿڸ꣬ܰ״񾳽磬Ȼ뿪׻ʯǧľӡ
ڻʯֻҪһǧ꣬׻ʯȴҪһ꣬ҲѹַǻὫ˵س֮Ϊߵĵˡ
Ҷǳڵ׻𵺵Ϣ֮ɫҲѿ
ȷëǾ׻𵺵׻ʯڿ󣬱˵ȥǧˣٹȥʮ꣬Ҳ
ʱˣ˵Σա
Ͼ׻ʯżҲ׻ʯ֣־ǱֵޣȴŸ׻ԷٻٵͽֻĽϵĴֵܵ
Ҷǳɲʱ䣬һëã׻ʯ裬Ǿˡ
ô죿
ҶǳһԶ׻𵺣漴ǱˮףסȫϢ˼
׻һλ˽״񣬻λ߽״Լ֪λѲߣסĽסǿߡ
һӴĵ죬ҶǳڵʵǿӲĻѻʯѰ·
ҪϢǱȥҲʵ
Ϊ͵󷨷ǳȻƽῪҪȥҲס
᳤ʱ俪⹦ܣһû׻ǧ巢ŵƣͻᱻλã˲䱩¶ݺ١
Ȼɱ˲ǧˣӵǵƣЩҵƣҸû취ǻ׻𵺡
Ҷǳ˼
ɣǧղ̨Ƶʱ򣬰˺ֽܶźͰУ޷α졣
ڣһֻϢ˵ղ̨ƣһϢղ̨ļµģڶϢҶǳȡƵʱ򣬽ԼϢС
Ϣһ룬Ʊ޷ټϢˣʵǿղ̨ļܼǿйϢ
Զ׼ǳأղ̨ʵǿģûС
ԣҲ޷α졣
ǧһ
ȻҶǳõһЩǧǿµƣûϢһ׻𵺣ͻᱻ׻𵺵󷨣Ȼ˲䱩¶ݺ١
ʱҶǳ͸һһ׻߷֣ܵǵΧɱ
һΧɱҶǳܹ׻ͣʱͺܶˡ
Ͼλ˽״λ߽״Ҳˣǿ϶һʱϹΧɱҶǳ
Ҫڶʱڸϵ׻ʯȻҵǣһ
ҶǳһЦҡҡͷ
Գ嵽׻ʯȥôķߵУҪҵëҲס
ҵëǵʱλ˽״λ߽״ƶѾϹˡ
а̫Σˡ
ң׻ʯǧôҪ˵Ҳǧ岼ǿķ󷨣꿪
ʱұ˵ҵˣ׻ʯ󷨵ʱ䶼ûС

ҶǳüͷӲܣǱҲУĳ޽ˡ
ֻԣܲϵˣҶǳ˼һȻ뿪˵ء
úҶǳ׻𵺸ҵһ޴ĽʯһһС͵ĶȻסڣҲһϢ󷨡
Ҷǳϥڶ֮Уʼ˼ϵëǡ
ܿ죬뵽ԼǾ߷
ǱϾѪ۳ķȻѾ꣬Ƕڻ磬Բٿ߷ҶǳȻ۾һ


1824 ߸
׻𵺲ԶĽʯ֮УҶǳʼԹͨԼëǾѪ
ϧҶǳ˶ַʽ޷ɹ
ǾѪѾΪһ߿տǣ޷ͨ˵ǲٿǾѪˡ
ô죿
Ҷǳüͷ
޷ٿǾѪ޷ϵëǣҪβܾȳǣ
ѵҪԱԪ
ҶǳڵʵԵԪĻаտ׻ϵλ˽״
Ȼ˵λ˽״϶ҲбԪǶԷΣյʱ򣬿϶ԱԪ
ҶǳֻΪ˾ˣֲԷƴԷûΣգȻƴŵ侳Ҷǳ
ֻǱԪĹЧʱ̫ˣֻһӡ
Ȼ˵Ҷǳǿʶֻһӣҵõëǡ
ǣ׻ʯ󷨷ǽһӵʱ䣬϶󷨵ġ
ԣҶǳҶġ
ȴһ׻ϵǹ׻ʯ
Ҷǳ뵽
׻𵺵Ϣ˽⣬ֻԴªĵͼϣ֪ĲǺܶࡣ
Ҫϸ֪׻𵺵Ҷǳֻȥ׻𵺵ˡ
ֻһʱȻ̫ã׻𵺵ǿ߿϶֪ġ
Ͼ⸽ʲôӳ飬׻𵺵˲֪ܲ
ԣһ֣ͱҪ־ȳëǡĻֻ뿪˵أٹһЩٹȳëˡ
԰ɣһ׻ʯûв÷أҶǳգ뿪ʯ
ӣҶǳ׻𵺱һľ룬ȻʼѰ׻һЩߴӵټ

׻𵺣׻ʯ
޴׻ʯ͸緢ҽһһƬȵĻ𺣡
Щ׻𵺷ķǣѵشڻ֮УŬھɽ֮е׻ʯ
ɽʯضǳӲھͲףο׻ʯе¶ȺܸߣҪʱʱ̶̿Ҫû֮
ˣÿյһ֮϶׻ʯеĻ棬ڳ»ǵΪȻһûС
ԣ׻𵺷ķǣ඼Ҫ׻ʯдϰʱ䣬ܰ
׻𵺣ߵţɴ˶
ʱ׻ʯĳмϤӰһھ׻ʯ˴żš
ҶǳͻϳǱëˡ
ëһһ߸ˣֱëС塢ѩӡ
ʱëһھ׻ʯһֵ˵ոڣ뱾ү½ݺ£ΨҲܣִƻ½һ̲̣˭үţ¶羴֮ɫھȻñүڿ󣬻һھһǧˣүġ
ëֿڲϣһȶûС
Ҳѹ֣½ִƲ̣ǻ½ȨƵĴͷȴڿȻƽ⡣
һԵЦǺǵղ̨¾Ѿ߹ǹڻ˵֮ǰûпǵԼԸֵ˭ǣǾ硣
£˵ڻʯģ˭֪طȻҪ׻ʯ£үȻôùëһȻ
ֻڻʯǴͺöˣϾҪ׻ʯȻտֻҪھһǧꡣ
׻ʯֱǵ
ӷ𣬼֮֮˵׻ʯͬһ㣬ҵȵΪǳ걻׻տǵҲڱǿš
ë˵ǼתһӲǿΪȻǧĳЩι̣ٱ׻տǧ꣬ǵĸͳιˣȱ
Ц˵ĲҾ͸оڵΪʵˣ͸ԼһתһĸãѾʧˡ
߸ˣ˲֮⣬˶ǿšתһ׼񾳽磬Ȼܷġ
Ҳ֪Ҷ֪Ƿ𣿡ѩһĵ˵жҶǳ˼
ë̾˿οѩѾͷģС˾ˣԲµġңʱȥô꣬϶Ѿ֪ǷˣڼʵȻѰǡ
СҲǧʱˣҲ֪ʲô硣ϧ׻ǧĵ̣СӳǸһǧ壬º׻𵺡˵
ҡͷҶǳǧĵ̣ҲҪ״񾳽磬ܳΪʸǳغС
ǼڶҶǳȻûб̫ϣ


1825 ²
ҵˣ
պҶǳʶ̽ڷһҴӡ
Ϊ̫׻ˣԽµʱ䣬Ҷǳҵһ֧׻𵺵Ĵӡ
ӵһˣҶһʱ׼
ҶǳһӦҴӣͲŷ˹ȥ
߽׵ķٶȺܿ죬գ֮ͳҴǰ
ӵһλ״ŵʶҲӦҶǳĴڣҶǳΪ״ŵ̾ʹܣ׵Ѳߣ
˵꣬ԼˣΪ֪˿϶ɱģϾļֵ
Ȼǳһ
ý磡򣡡ҶǳŷýͻȴѾһˡ
ʱסƬ򣬻ýҲﳹ׷
ֲ˫֮£֧ӵߵΪȫ˴롣
Ҷǳ󱬷۷սռɨʱͽɱһߡ
ͬ׵ߣҶǳɵؽɱοЩͽ׵ߣֱɱ
״񼶱ĴҲҶǳһɱ
ţҶǳеĽ״׽ˣʣµ״ȫɱһ
һУҶǳ뿪˵أԼĽʯ

ʯȻ󣬵ǱҶǳ󷨣йռ䡣
ǿռ䷽СֶΣҶǳʱⷽȻӦ֡
أ
Ҷǳ붴ͽ²Ľ״˵ϣ˶ѾӡΪĽ֮
ǰкηԸԸ𣡡
ǧĽ״ӵηؿǰҶǳ漴ͷʵ
ǶǴ½ķߣһӵдʹǻۣ֪Լڸʲô
ǰɱһӵĳǿߣҪĻǾֻܹԹ̸ʲôΪû̸ʸ
ţ
Ҷǳ˵ͷȻ˵̬Ⱥ⣬ϾǷߣʲô竣ûɵöײв
˵ǧ御ңǾ͸Ӳܡ
ϾǷߣǴ½ģһͱǧץ׻ʯڿܾĥǧһøвŹ֡
ֻΪǿǲŲòǧˡ
ԣҪҶǳв˾Ѿ׼ǧˡ
ʲô֣Ҷǳ漴ǰѯʵ
ƽ

ׯ⣡
æش
Ҷǳע⵽ׯһһŮǣ֣ǰڰߣ䲻õġ
ҶǳɵָһһŮʵʲôϵ
ӣ
ҶǳȻ漴̾˫˫磬Ҳһμѻˡ
ׯһЦ֪ôΣգԸͲˣ½ưԣڻˡ
ϧΪ˼Ϊ׷Ѱߵȼĵѡ˷
ƺǵĵǣҶǳ˵ǷģֻҪҽǵҲ˺ǣһԵ
ǰܷԸϧæ˵
ƽׯҲæͷڿɲʲôԵֻ
Ͼ֮ǰҶǳɱһҴӵߣʵǰǸסˡ
ôߣһӾˣ̫ˡ
Ȳ˵Ǽ飡
Ҷǳ˰֣ʵ׻׻ʯϢϸ˵һ˵Ҫ֪ǧûΪ˱󷨡⣬ķߣûа취Ǵ
ƽׯԣɵöһۣƺҶǳ˼
ǶǷߣǻеģҶǳĻ֮УǾͲµҶǳҪ׻ʯ֮дһЩˡ
ǰλǰһЩѻˣͱ׻ʯ֮ڿصԮ
£һԣ漴ɼƽȿ˵ǰ׻ʯȷ󷨷ҳ꿪߽״Ҫ򣬶Ҫһʱܽ乥ơ
ҶǳһĶˣ߽״Ҫһʱܹ乥ƣ˱ԪҲڶ̶һڽ乥ơ
ԣֱӲһǲˣֻȰëǴ׻ʯˡ
գҶǳǰˣȴ˵Ļ
λ˵ǰ׻ʯ֮ڿķߣеͿԼ׻ˣλκһ˵ƣܽ׻ʯ֮еķߴһ޷


1826 Ʋ
׻˭
ҶǳĻɵʵ
Ϳ֪ÿ춼ְλ
ǰ׻𵺺͵첻ͬ׻𵺳λ߽״֮⣬һλ˽״λ׻ˡæ͵
ҶǳʱȻԭ˾λ˽״
Ҷǳ˳˼
ӲУֲܰëǴô죿
ѵҪȴ꣬ȵëǰͷ
Ҳ̫ķʱ˰ɣ˭֪ڣ᲻ᷢһЩΣյ顣
ʱ̫ˣҶǳʵڲұ֤ëܹŰʱ䡣
Ҷǳ˼ţƽׯ˲ҴţҲͷ˼š
ҲˣҶǳҪ˴׻ʯ֮оȳ޷ɣǾˡ
ԣƽׯ˶żҶǳŰ취
ͻȻ۾һæҶǳ˵ǰһ취԰ǰ˴׻ʯ
Ŷʲô취Ҷǳ͵̧ͷ۾ֱض
æ˵ǰֻҪ״񾳽磬ܼǧ塣ʱǾͿԸ洬ӳУʱǴǼһӣȵӳʱٸǰϢɡߣǰֻҪ¶λʱȻ֪ǵ١
ƽׯԣ۾һ
Ҷǳüͷ취Ȼ֪׻ʯҲ֪޷Ǹڶʱڽ״񾳽硣
ҡͷʵĽ״£ڵͽ״ֻҪ㹻ĻʯٶǺܿġǰʵǲȱٻʯɣ
Ҷǳ˳˼
ʯȻǲȱģȻѾõ˺ܶ࣬ɻʣٶƷʯ
ЩƷʯ˵ë״񾳽ˣ״񾳽綼㹻ˡ
ϾëֲҪ壬ԽҪĻʯǳ١
ҶǳǵԼչسĽ״񾳽ʱ򣬽ǺķǧƷʯ
ȻҶǳǻڷĻᣬԽĽ״񾳽ķѵĻʯǳ١
ǰë״񾳽磬ÿֻҪһƷʯ㹻ˣ״񾳽۷ˡ
Ҳһ⣬Ǿʯǳķʱ䡣
ҶǳӵлһҲֻʮƷʯ
ëûлֻԼһʱҲֻһƷʯ
һëҪǧ꣬пܽ״񾳽硣
ҶǳӵпԼ1000ʱٴ̣ëҪھ׻ʯûʱչشʱٴ
ԣëֻʵʵǧС
Ҷǳɵý֪ƽׯˡ
˭֪ԶЦ
ҶǳЩֵؿǰˡ
ɼƽЦŽ͵ǰ֪˵ĵطĹᡣʵ׻ʯ֮УҲһҪڿֻҪǻ¸һڿ󶴵ļߣǾͿԴҪڿˡ
ҶǳȻҲԣЩҲһǧңǳ׻ʯ֮пҲܣܹɵǮǿ϶ѡһֻ۱һֻۡ
ңܹڻйϵķ߷ǳϡ٣ܹüǮĻҲͺ٣ʹǸϧÿһǮĻᡣ
գҶǳóһöռָƽʮƷʯ˻¸õĻʯ⣬Ļʯҵˡ
ƽһжһ⣬ʮƷʯҪǶ״񾳽ˡ
һ˲䣬ƽо̰˼Ҳû취ջ̫޴ˡ
ʱҶǳһָ˼ƽüģѾӡΪ޷
ռӡҶǳ۾һУһξѪ˳ָ˼ƽüģԺп¼һǿĽӡ
ƽҽһڵͼ۵þҷšûãͻָԭֻϵ·Щʪ͸ˣȻղܵʹǳҡ
Ҷǳؿżƽ˵ߵռֵĿӦöҸղѾռӡ״񾳽ΪһӡԽ˲ɱҲ˽ǧλ񼶱ļû˿Խ⿪ҵռӡ
ǰģ֤ǰ񣬾Բκεģƽɫһףæ˵
һ˿̰֮ģѾŵʧ
⽣ӡĿֲղѾܵˣֻذĳ˿־壬ﻹʲô̰֮ġ


1827 ӡ
ҶǳȻǲμƽׯˣҪԤֶΣǱռӡ
ҶǳѪ۶ռӡԱҶǳȫһɱ״񣬸οֻĽ״ˡ
Ҷǳָׯռӡӡ޷ֵֻƾҶǳ½ӡ
һн֮Уǰɫ԰׵ˣҶǳֽ⿪ڵķӡλָʵ
ʵһָ˵ɫͱúˣ״̬ʱָ״̬
ֻҪҰ飬ұ㲻˺ǡ
Ҷǳǰˣ˵ҸµռӡȻǶǵļӣǵȵ֮ҿԽ͸ǡԺΣյʱڹؼʱ̾һ״񱻶ȻϮҪش㹻Ǻܾˡ
һϲ
ռӡ߽״ȫһؼʱ̵ȷǿġ
˵ȷһԵ
⡪
Ҷǳżƽׯˣ˵ȵ֮һһ˸һ߽׵ķıꡣ
˵գҶǳ˻֣жʱʮ߽׵ķ󣬿üƽׯ˵ֱ۾š
һʼǻҶǳ߽׵ķ󣬱Ͼ߽׵ķֵܴ󣬶ҪսܶһǲҶǳӵôս
ǵеʮ߽׷֮ǶʱˣǰλǰǴͷȻܹõĳô߽׷
£æ˵ǰģһ֤񡣡
Ҷǳص˵ͷڽӡв£߽׷ľ޴ջǰ˻ȷѡġ
Ͼֲǧҡ
οֻǴ׻ʯд߼ߣǧҲûʲôΣ
ֱһʹԵɵ˲Żܾ
ǰû˵Щ˵ݺģأҪ֪׻ʯǳûоϢǺҵõǡƽæʵ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˻֣ëС˵ò۳֪ǿ϶ѡġ
⣬Ҷǳ˵ë˵ֱ֣Ƿһն
ֺǰɣ
ƽׯ˶¶Ȼı飬ֵȷ֣һ֪Ǽ֡
ҶǳһЦʱ򣬱ëԼˡ
ëǷʱһǧߣΪԤǧֵץ϶Ҫü֣ǲ̶֡
ҶǳԼһҶļ֣òˣΪղ̨Ǳߵķ
ˣǵϢ̣ҲǣҶǳ漴ϵģԼ1000ʱٴ̽ˡ
ɲȵǧʱ䣬һǧʱ٣ֻҪȴˡ
ڻ磬Ҳգ֮ѣܵȵ
ǣǰһ񣡡ƽׯ⼱æͷ
ˣ߰ɣҶǳ漴˻֣򿪽ʯȥ
ȥ֮ҶǳһԼռӡʱͷ˵ľλá
ʣռӡҲжλĹܣϾѪ۶ɡ
ռӡڣȵٴ뿪׻𵺣ҾϷ֡
˵ʱ˾뿪˵أҸطĵȴꡣ

Ҷǳ漴뿪˽ʯһС͵Աߣ˿齸ʯһ
С͵֮ûʲôǿߣʵǿҲĽ״żҲֻ״·϶ǲᷢҶǳġ
οҶǳʱϵĳɾͺܸߣټ϶Ҳоõ󷨣ڸϢǳǿ
а˽סŽϴ·пܷҶǳټ
С͵츽Ҷǳ˼㣬ǲ߽ϵĴ

һߡ
ƽׯ뿪ʯ֮˶Ǻݺݵ˿
ϾҶǳǰǸܵѹʵ̫ˡ
ųˣ̫ˣܹţҶоһ漣ׯԼؿڣµ˵
һԵļƽҡͷȱ˵̫ˣǻҪǰԸ񣬷ĻԺеĽӡ˲Ҫǵ
ׯԼüģԺеռӡ̲סһɫЩ׵˵λǰĻŹ𣿶ɱ𣿡
ƽӦòɣλǰûҪƭǼСοǸ֪ģûҪɱڡ


1828 
̫ˣ
һֱû˵ҡͷ̫߿Լˣ˭ֻĽ״񼶱Сѣ˼ǰɱ𣿡
οֻǴ׻ʯ߼ߣֲǳǧĴܣͲҪܵģλǰȻҲɱڡ
ĻׯһЩϾԼķġ
ƽȴǵĵҲ˵λǰɱ֮ˣ˵֮ǡϾ߽׵ķ󡣡
ׯһ뵽˵ҶǳɱһҴӵľʱǵ˵еλǰֿû˿飬ѱɱ֮ˡ
üô죿ڳλǰܷ𣿻˵ܹ붯ǧ峤ǽ⿪Ժеռӡ
ƽ⿪ռӡǲõģһǱ¶λǰϢǧ峤ǸǼСοһλǰ֪˲ˡ
ô죿Ǿ𣿵ȴλǰľ񣿡ׯϳ˵ĺͺ¡
οһԼӣ漴ǵ֣Աȷλǰºɱǡ
ʲôֿ֣ʲôüƻƽæʵ
ׯҲԼķ
Ѿλǰ˽ӡҪȡȨѡΨһܹģǼ¼ԺǸռӡľϢȻ¼ڼʯ֮УڼУǰ趨󷨻ء
һλǰɱǣ󷨻رԶȻͻסߣӶʹ֪ڼʯеݡ
ƽ˼סߣڼʯеݸߵǣҲвõλǰ
΢΢ЦǾҪڼʯеʲôˣǧ岻Ѱղ̨λСǵʱڼʯλǰѾղ̨СϢһǷˣôǧ϶᲻ϧһдۣƬ׷ɱλǰ
ƽׯԣʱ۾һ
һǾҶǳɵֶΡ
ȻһܹҶǳвϾҶǳʵǿкܴʿӳǧĵ̡
ô˵ҲһвҶǳôɱҲɵġ
ϾԼĽ״ֱǲֵһᡣ
߽׷󣬼ƽׯ˴˿Ҳûб̫ϣˣֻҪ

׻𵺡
ƽׯܿ˷󣬽׻𵺡
ͷԱѯʵĽ״ôҲҶԴǳأ
ƽЦҵȸĴղ̨Ĵӣս֮£ǵĴӲУҲɱˣǾֻӻˡ
ܹŻͺãͷ˰οһ£üƽׯȥˡ
ҲûʲôֵûɵģͨȥǲһλѲڸһ£ܲҵղ̨Ĵӡ
ƽׯ뿪ͷ֮󣬱ص˼С
һΣǲ䣬ÿ˶еƣԻصоϢ˼졣
պ¾ۼһϵëǵ顣
֣ǰ˵ʶһλ׻ʯĿ󶴶ܷѯһλǰ䣿ƽ˵
ƽȻҾȥʿһ£ʮƷʯδ
ׯȻôϵ⣬㶼λǰѰ
ƽЦҡͷæһѵͰæ𣿡
ׯͫһ𾪵ؿƽŵ̰īλǰĻʯ㲻𣿡
һԵһׯ⣬ҡͷλǰֲ֪Ǵϵ˶ٻʯֻҪǲ̰ī̫࣬Ǿû⡣
˵ûֻҪǲ̰ī̫࣬Ǿһ鶼ûСƽٺЦô˵Ҳðڰ£õôҲǺġ
׼ö٣۾ʵ
ƽǵҪλǰжˣñ֤Ƕܹ״񾳽磬ǰ飬Ƕ
˵ͷ˵ȷȱ֤ܹ״񾳽硣
ɣȥλѲѯһλǰѣǼһ棬Ǿжˣ˿۶ٻʯƽ
ׯȻ˵ͷ
漴ǰ׻ʯ


1829 
׻ʯ
⣬ƽׯĵȴţʱؿ档
ﱻʲôֻоһ
׻ʯǵڿֱǼ尾̾
ƽЦǷã궼ǷС͵죬ȴ׻𵺷ģǰӣֱ̫ѰˡҲǶӣҲʶһλ
ׯٺһЦǲ׻𵺷ģԲҪ׻ʯϰ꣬ȷ˵ġ
ݣ
ڴʱһӰӿ֮мǰ
ʱһǿϢ
ƽׯ˶ʱɫһ䣬ΪϢ״ϢǵĴһ
ƽǰüƽ˵ģʱһϲæǰ
Ȼʶλѡ
ׯҲæ
ǱΪƽûж࿴ׯһֻۣżƽЦСôˣѲɻڿ󣿡
ƽһЦʱ򣬾Ǳ͵ƽڿԲʶƽ
΢΢ҡҡͷƽЦǰͲҪȤˣιΪҵλҰæҪǰռ½ĺ󱲡
ƽйâһжʱһϲ֪ˡ
ҪڿˣǵȻҪһЩۣǰĺô
ôߣȱڿҲʲô飬ֱֲӷ˳ȥ
£ƽһЦݵؿׯЦԭλǼСӵѰҲҵѣ˵ɣҪյĺ󱲽ʲô֣ȲѯһǱ󶴡
æ˵Ҳ֪м󱲷ˣҿȷм˿϶Ƿˣǵֽһն鷳ȰǼһ棬ʿǾм˷ˡ
ƽЦŵͷûϵ֣㹻ѯˡԵƬ̣Ͼ
˵꣬ƽ·׻ʯ֮С
ƽׯĵȴš
ûãƽͳˡ
ƽׯæӭ
ǰô鵽𣿡ƽʵ
ƽЦ˵ǵȻҳʲô첻ɡ
˵գƽЩźҡͷֻЩϧǲҵĿ󶴣
Ŀ󶴣ȻЩ⣬ֻΪмˣõ϶Ҫٺܶࡣ
ƽׯԣʱһϲ
æʵ֪ܷæȼһ档
ƽЩΪѵǱϾҵĿ󶴣ҪҪһǵĶСӦ֪Ķкܶ࣬Ҳȫʶ
æ˵ģ֪ҪٻʯǶȫе
ƽص˵ͷ漴Ц˵ֻǼһ棬һǧƷʯ㹻ˡҪλǣҪǧʯܹһˡ
ƽׯԶһ࣬⡮۸񡯻ǹ󰡣Ľ״óеۡ
뵽λǰʮƷʯҲͲˡ
æݹһöռָ˵һǧƷʯͷæλһ¹ϵ
ƽʶ̽еĿռָ棬ʱͿƷʯɵЦ˵Сһ׮Ǹɣ
˵գ˽׻ʯ
ƽׯæƽǷǳûС죬һѲߵ˷֣Ǿ·һ
ɴ˿ɼ׻ʯжôɭϡ
ҿҶǳûѡӲȻĻ·һ
ëˡ

ͬʱڼƽׯ˽׻ʯʱ
Զ׻𵺸һС͵ԱߵĽʯ֮УҶǳ͵۾ϸһĨϲɫ
͸ڼƽׯüĿ¼ռӡҸղŸеһȵϢǿȳԽ𣬽ѷɫڻ𣬿϶ǡ׻𡯡
Ҷǳ˷ܵ˿Ѿ˳ؽ׻ʯ뼦Ǽˡ
ףƽׯ˺ëǼ֮ġˡƻɹǰһ󲽡
ֻҪĵȴ꣬ȴëǽ״񾳽硣
ʱ򣬼ƽׯ˾ͻëǼͬһӣʼС
ʱֵʱ
ƻѾһ룬ֻҪȵëǽ״񾳽磬˳뿪׻ʯɡ
ҿ԰ˣҶǳ뵽漴±۾
⼸ʱ䣬ȻҪúһȭ


1830 ̰ī
׻ʯ5463󶴡
һʯ֮Уƽׯ˼ëСˡ
Ǵ˿̵ļǷһն
ֻǿƽׯİףë˶ЩɻͲ⡣
ô£ղŶǣ˵г̽ãһ˭ʶ𣿡ëС崫ʵ
СûгڻܹʲôҶСǸһҲֻղ̨ºͷʶˡ
ǧĵ̣ղ̨²ܻɸһҲͲܹԣֻʣҶСˡë۾һ
ɻһ˭
׳հǧĵ̣ҶСӿ϶˾ҶСָʹġë˿Щˣ漴˵
ڴʱƽׯеļƽˡ
ȻҲڴϾҲıǵ̸
ƽë˴λһλҶǰָʹģһЩƷҶǰ˵ˣ״񾳽磬뿪׻ʯ֮󣬾͸һһŶӡ
ëԣɵý¶˷ܵЦݣȻ֪Ҷǰ϶Ҷǳˡ
£ëסеļѯʵ
ƽҶǰڲˣӦҲԭ򣬲ȵԺ뿪׻֮Ҷǰͻǡ
ë˲ǰ׳գ˲ԭ
׻͵죬ǧʵ϶ǿ
Ҷǳŷã
ڵʵҲ״ɣôܶ׻ǡ
ԣֻ˴뿪׻𵺣Żǡ
գëƽ˵ˣ׻ʯӦҲǿ޷ڶʱ״񾳽硣
ƽԣ΢΢ЦλģλҶǰǲٻʯǻóһЩϵʱжǣԺͿԴҪڿˡ
ңλǰѾ׼㹻Ļʯˣһмˣ
ƽʵ
ëҶǳѾһУɵһϲæ˵һ߸ˣ
ƽׯ˶һۣ˴˶еЦݡ
漴ƽЦŶë˴߸ˣλҶǰǵĻʯ㹻״񾳽ˡˣһʱٴ̣ܹǵʱһǧֻҪ꣬Ǿܽ״񾳽ˡ
ëСԴϲ
ҶǳֱһжǰźˣǿԲܿˣֻҪɡ
ëæʵСӸǴ˶ٻʯ
ƽóһöռָݸë˵棬һʮƷʯ
ʲô
ʮڣ

ëԣһĿɿڴ
׻ʯڿһǧҲܹһƷʯ
ʮƷʯǵðꣿ
갡
ôƷʯ˵ֱһ֡
Сţƣôķˡ񰵰
ëٺЦû˵ɣСд˼磬Ҳܹڶʱ𡣡
иˣֻҪСӣԺͶȱԴˡҲٺЦ
˾ݵĽ֮󣬱ëöռָȻ͸ƽׯ˸ǡ

ƽׯ֮Ҳ뿪ˡ
뿪׻ʯ֮ǰǻǽλǧƷʯաëǡ
ԼʣʮǧƷʯ
˻صС
ƽ̲ס˵һﵨӻǴ󣬾Ȼ̰īλҶǰʮƷʯǱ֪ˣǾˡ
ԱߣׯҲһľôǲǿʮڵƷʯ
ƽǰԽŵķɵЦǵСʮƷʯֻ̰īʮڣʲô
㵨Ӵ˰ɣݺݵ˼ƽһۣ˵ˣǷҲŹ㡣
ƽ˷ۣ˵ˣ˵ЩйˣһʮǧƷʯγǧƷʯǷʮƷʯΣ
ׯȻûκϾεȷǼƽ
ңǼƽӴ󣬻ǣҲ̰īôʯ


1831 
׻𵺣׻ʯһ֮Уëһá
˿̣ëڲƷʯ
ʮƷʯ߸ˣëֵƷʯ⣬ʣµˣԶֵƷʯ
ЩƷʯ֮ԱߵëѾúʱһǧʱٴ󣬱㽫ȫ
ˣǿ԰꣬ý״񾳽֮󣬱ɳȥҶСӻˡëһ˷ܵ
̾û뵽Źȥô꣬ҶֵΪѾ׵ȵز
ԱߵͷܹһóʮƷʯСӵʵ붼ϡ
ëٺЦСӵ츳׾Խսףѹеǡ
ˣϻˣҸϿɣ˵գϥóһЩƷʯʼԼΪ
˼״ҲһЦʼƷʯ
ˬЩƷʯԼɻ֮׶ˡë̲סмѡ

ͬʱĳС͵츽Ľʯ֮УҶǳҲ
ȭ
Ϊﵽ״񾳽֮ϣԽȭһʽת
ҶǳڣŽת
ʱ䣬Ҷǳ׼ȭȥԼսٶǿ
ʱԿ˽״ڵǿߣ֮һսҪʹñԪ
ʱһȥ
ȻҶǳһǧʱٴ͸ëǣһٱʱٴ
ԣڽʯڹȥһ꣬Ҳֻǹȥһꡣ
ķһʱ䣬ҶǳѾȭĵһʽ˵ת磬һսʱ
ȭ֮ҶǳҲûʲôˣֻһΪһ߸֪ƽ˵Ķ
Щ꣬Ҳ֪˵λãǶǳʶ࣬û뿪׻𵺣һֱڱչ֮С
ҶǳӦ֮󣬷ּƽ˻ڱչɼëǲûн״񾳽硣
ʯٶһǧʱٴ󣬿ҲҪ꣬ʮܴﵽ״񾳽硣Ҷǳ뵽
£ҶǳóһЩƷʯʼ

ֹȥǧ֮
׻𵺣׻ʯһ֮С
ë۾ÿ˵϶ԾһǿϢ֮ǰһ
״񾳽磬ڵˡëһЦ
һ磬ɵЦŹȥʱ䣬ٶ찡ǼźҶСӻϣҶҪһֱȥ
Ҳ˵ͷʾͬ
һǧʱٴǧʱ䣬ǲźķǧƷʯڻʣǧƷʯأ㹻ǽΪĽ״񾳽ˡ
Ƕ֪ҶǳţҲĽʱ벻ı仯㲻׼ټȳȥҶǳ˵
λ߰ɣ
ëվһӣϵ̣Ц˵ﵽ״񾳽֮Ǿˣ뿪Ĺطˡ
Ȳ
ëȥ󷨣Χ¶ٴߣ׻ʯϢִˣüͷ治طˡ
һ˵뿪ǵĶļȷΪ֮Ǳɵ뿪׻ʯ
վ׻ʯ֮⣬תӴĻɫë˶Щп
ҶǳЩƷʯִͨλĹϵǻ֪Ҫ֮дá
ô죿ëʵ
ëЦһ뿪׻𵺣ȥҶСӻϡ
˵գëóһ鴫Ѷʯʼϵƽǵƽëġ
ȻӴĻ磬ִѶʯֻǼߣûá
׻ϣѶʯܹ˴˴Ѷġ
ë̵Ϣ֮󣬱еĴѶʯطһҲ㣬ڻ½ֱӵ¼磬ֱϵҶСˡ
½ôܸ⣿ҡҡͷЦ׻𵺣Ȼ½ǧٱοǹޱߵĻ硣
Ҳ̾˾޴Ļ磬޷ڻ硣
ǵǻ½۷ͷ֪ôɵģһλ񼶱л깹ɣһЩֶΣγӴĻ硣
̫Ӵˣ˵񼶱ˣЩǿߵҲ޷磬ȻҲ޷ֶˡ


1832 
ۼǿǣôܻ䣿
˭ɱۼǿߣ
ڻʷϣҲֻ̫ɱħۣ֮⣬޴ۼǿ䡣
ˣҲͲڻֶ
ݣ
ë˸пĸֲʱ򣬼ƽׯ˱ѾӲԶ
ë֮󣬼ƽʱЦӭϲλߣѾ׼ϯλѽӷϴ
ϲλѣׯҲë˵ء
ëǲ֪ƽׯ˺ҶǳʲôϵҲͿȥһҾ¥Դ
ƹѲë̲סʵʲôʱ뿪׻𵺣ˣλҶǰ䣬֪𣿡
˵ЦˣҶǰôֻ֪ҪһȥλҶǰͻӦǡʱԻǡƽ˵
ëͷĵҶСӻôʱ˺ܶࡣ
ѲżȳԹ֮Ǿһһ֧ӣȻҶǰԼѰԱߵ˵
Ȼﲼ˸󷨣˵СĽй¶ʲôϢ
ë˴һЩ飬֪ҶǳѾúһУʱٶˡ
˴Դ֮󣬱żƽׯȥһ֧ӡ
ƽׯȻ׼ѡ֧ϾҪ뿪׻ˣëǲҪȶãܹҶǳˡ

ͬʱĳС͵츽Ľʯ֮Ҷǳʱ۾¶һĨ֮ɫ
Źȥ꣬ô뿪׻ˣѵǼǳˣ
Ҷǳһڼƽׯ뿪׻𵺵ʱϸӦˡ
ϾռӡĴڣҶǳܹʱӦƽׯ˵١
ʱƽׯ˵λã뿪׻𵺡
Ҫ֪ҶǳǰǶǷԸëûд׻ʯгǲ뿪׻𵺵ġ
ԣҶǳ²ǼѾ׻ʯ֮гˡ
û뵽ٶô죡
Ҷǳ뵽
ܿͨˡ
ڷ֮ǰѹëˣǾѹΪֱ޷֮ͻƵ񾳽磬硣
ԣë˵Ļ۶ǳһ̤񾳽磬Ͷﵽһ״۷壬ھϴ֮Ǳֱ̤˶״񾳽硣
ˣëǽ״񾳽Żô졣
뵽Ҷǳɵüӿٶȣ׻𵺵ķǱжȥ
Ҷǳûм׷֧ӣڰиţ׼֧Զ׻֮ٳҲ١
״ʶӦֻ̽ôԶ
Ҷǳǰ֧ӱһľ룬ȷλ׵Ĵ޷ʶ֪̽Լյظ֧Ӻ棬ȴԶ׻𵺡
ò˵ëǣȻЩۣоա
ֻҪë뿪˴ɴ󹦸ɡ
ʱţ֧ѾԶ׻ˣ߽״ϹҪһʱ䡣
ҶǳûˣϣȫٶȣǰĴӷȥ
߽׷İ£Ҷǳٶȷǳ죬ܿ׷ǰֻս
áеϮλҲӦҶǳæȵҵһܡ
ϾλĸӦ֮УҶǳϢ̫ǿˣϵǿߡ
ǿߣλֻ״񾳽ĴȻ֪ԼԶǶ֣Ȼˡ
ĴԱڿԼܵˣǱҲ֪̫ǿɵ÷ͷߡ
вŷߵģˮǱȥһˣֲзȫڷӴܣڵԼֻȡ
ˣΪҶǳûҪ׷ɱǡ
ҶǳεҪĿľë˵ģɱ׬Ǯģ֮ҲҪ뿪ˣҲЩй¶Լλá
£ҶǳŷԶս
սϵĴԱ϶߹ˣֻʣ¼ƽׯëˣһʮˡ
Ҷǳʶһɨȷë˵ݣʱȥ
ҶСӣ
Ҷ֣
Ҷ磡
Ҷǳһë˱׷ӭȻҶǳ˿̸ıݣǹϤϢǻǷǳġ
ԣ˵鶼Щ˷ܡ
Ͼʱǧѵð
þòҶǳ΢΢һЦɨëһۣû⣬Щ֮УûǸоЩź


1833 ǰϷ嵺
ԭҶǳԤ֮Уëǿ϶ģϾǣ޹ңֶԻ
𣬻вǿܷ磬Ҳһǣ޹ңԿ϶ѡ硣
Ҳ׷ϴˣСѡëҲѩҲ֮С
ʣµЩˣ롢ΪȵȣҲԸ磬ֻǻ½Ĳ̻Ҫأëŷ
ˣ˵ز˾뿪Ҳ١
˼һתҶǳתͷƽׯˡ
ƽׯ˴˿һӭҶǳĿ⿴ʱһ
֪Լʱ̵ˡ
ŵսľˣҶǳݸһЦ漴˵ζлǰæǷģ˵㻰ȻҲǳ֣⡪
˵գҶǳó߽׷󣬽֮ǰļƽׯˡ
߽׷ɵĽҶǳЦ˵
ͬʱҶǳ˻֣ջطڼƽׯüռӡ֮еһ˿
ʱƽׯ˱оһɣҲûĵĸоˡ
֪ԼüĵռӡҲ޷˺ԺΣյʱöռӡǷӶһ
˲ǰ׳գлҶǳ
лǰƽׯ˹Ҷǳ
֪Լ׬ˣϾüĵռӡе߽׷ǶǼֵ޵ı
ԺͿƽסףԺΪ߽׸Ҳǲܡ
ڼƽׯ˵һԵҲǳмҶǳ
λԵټҶǳɨ˼ƽׯһۣ漴΢΢һЦë̤Ϸʧʡ
ֱҶǳһȥ֮󣬼ƽׯ˲˿漴׷׼˷
ηˣλǰȻ͸һ߽׷󡣡ƽ˵
̾λǰǴ˵㻰һԺܹĴ
ôˣǻǸϽҸط߽׷ˣⶫԺ׵ѲߣԱˡԱߵׯЦݡ
漴ȥ

ͬʱҶǳû֮ëˣ߽׷Ѹٸղ̨ĵ̡
ʱҶǳѾˣڵٶȣֻҪ˽סŽ׵ǿߣǾûϵ
˽סŽ״ֲǴײˣֻд͵У͵ֺ٣ҶǳֹƿЩ͵죬һ·϶оա
Ȼ˺ܶѲߵҶǳնɱ
һ˺ܿͽղ̨Χ
Ȼǧĵ˴ڣ˽׺;Ž׵ĴͷǳˣҶǳҲ׷ˡ
óսҶǳ˽봬գսԼУĿĵؾ趨ΪϷ嵺
Ϸ嵺ͨղ̨ǵġͷҪղ̨ǵߣҪһȥϷ嵺ֻϷ嵺Ǽ֮󣬲űղ̨ǡ
ĻûǰϷ嵺Ǽݣһôղ̨ǣǾͻᱻղ̨ǵĻֱӺɱ
ղ̨ǵĻǳǿ󣬾û򣬽ЩŽ׵Ĵ߶ɱŽ״񣬵סһĹ
ղ̨Ǿɱһ񶼿ԡ
ԣҶǳҪȥղ̨ǣǾֻȥϷ嵺Ǽݡ

С
趨սʻĿĵ֮Ҷǳëһãŷ֮ǰͷ֮顣
ë֮󣬻½
ʵҶǳҲûʲô˽ģΪҶǳ֮ǰ̾Ѿ޵ˡ
ټҶǳµЩֶΣòͳ½
ʵҲȷˣ⼸ǧһֱǻ½ǿû֮һ
ë˵ڲڹ׼ϰλΪҶǳղ̨µѣԴҶѹΪǰ񾳽硣
Ļεϰٸ̵ӷ
ڲ̵չҶǳԵúοڳ׷ˡ
ȻҶǳ͸ëǽԼ֮顣
Ҷǳ֮鵹Ҳûж٣˼δս֮󣬱һֱڱչƬ̹ͽˡ
˳㣬Ҷǳһǳصë˸˽ơ
ô˵㻹ûϵС𣿡ëüͷ
ҶǳҡͷǺܽûб¶ݣΪղ̨мϸղ̨˶ûϵǱ
³ȣҷġë˵ͷ
ԱߵЦ˵Ϸ嵺ԣû׼ѾϷ嵺Ҳ˵
Ҷǳ֮Ƚղ̨ǣȻղ̨¸ҵղ̨ļ˵
ţ˶ͷ
ô˵ϵղ̨ļλ񼶱ǿ֣߳ܰȫؽղ̨Ǵղ̨ǡ


1834 ·
ǰϷ嵺;УҶǳڸĵͣһʱ䣬ëעղ̨ߵݡ
Ҷǳ׵Ѳ߳棬ЩСһ׮ǳס
ҲΪˣղ̨ŻǧļϸȻǧǱҲһ˴˶б˴˵ļϸ
Ū֮ҶǳǱֱǰϷ嵺
սϡ
һǧʱٴڣҶǳһߴ߶սϷ嵺ʻȥһ߷ų𣬰ëƷʯ
ëԼƷʯһҲֻһ飬˻İһʮ顣
ټһǧʱ٣Ǳ֮ǰٶȣǿһ򱶡
һһʮƷʯЩԴüǵΪ״񾳽ˡ
Ҷǳ֮еëˣɵð뵽
Щʯ׼ԼˣΪڵΪЩʯˣҲ˶ΪëΪܹʵǳػȥ
Լνëǰٺãһǧսһѹһʯ
ϴβμڤսֻĽ״񣬾ܻýǧڵƷʯ
л͵սôҶǳаջøƷʯˡ
ֻսܻȡӴ氡Ҷǳ̾
磬һ˳˵磬ֻɱˣӵϻȡԴܿʵ
ˣߣÿ춼ɱ¾֮С
һпı硣
ȻҶǳ˽⣬̫ʱǰӡ
ʱڻڻ½һǿ֮еĻ֮Ϊʯġ
ΪǸʱĻ磬֮гŨĻ֮ڿԱġ
ֻ̫ʱԺ󣬻緢չѸ٣ʹ÷ԽԽࡣ
˶ˣԴô֮࣬еĻ֮ԽԽ١

ʢ˥˵ı˰ɣҶǳ˼
˥䣬Ǻܶ߶⣬Ѿ֪ˡ
Ͼôۣ˻ܶԪԽԽ࣬ĸҲԽԽˡ
κﶼһɣǱǼʢ˥򣬵棬ٵ磬
ⲻҶǳҪǵ飬ֻһˡ
Ҷ磬ҵ׽𣿡
Ҷǳ˼ʱ򣬶ߺȻһϤ
Ҷǳתͷȥѩ
ΪҶǳĻʯѩֻҪһ˼ƻ֮ɣԻܹҶǳ
ѩ
ҶǳѩĻһЦش˵ѩŸյ粻ãŸո߳׻𵺣㻹֪ǳؾжôӴ󡣶磬ǳҲֻһСѣ˵ڻ֪֪ˣҲܿԽϹȥ
һϢû𣿡ѩЩȣҶǳ缸ǧˣȻûаϢ
ҶǳҡͷûУҴħ壬û֪ҪҵƵ߳ǳأȥһЩǳزܴйعħϢ
Ҷ׼ʲôʱ뿪ѩһĵʵ
ҶǳЦúܰɣû񼶱ʵ߳ǳǷǳΣյġһǵ񣬻ߴﵽŽ״񾳽ٳȥ
ŶѩЩϲȻҶǳ츳ܸߣҪҪܳʱ䣬ʱõģϺҶǳֱˡ
ò״ӻ½ǧ꣬ѩȻԸϾ͸Ҷǳ롣
ˣɣҶǳûô࣬ѩһѩˡ
ʱëִˡ
ҶСӣа취ҵ½ڵǵðǾ߷ͻȥ´в̵ĵӷǾҵǵλãȻȥˡë˵
ҶǳҡͷǷģ֪ǵǷλáҪҵǷ棬ҲҪǾ߷ȥֻҪһЩȥˡЩжλܣǾ߷öˡ
ëԵ˵ͷ漴̾ؼǵҵǷڵλãˣΪղ̨Ѿͷ֪𣿡
Ӧò֪Ҷǳҡͷղ̨µȥǷ棬ҲǱռ籩ȥģʱûз޷ȷλá
ëʵǧǸһﵱôȷڵλã
ǿǼ߽ȷλõġ
Ҷǳ͵߽ϵжλܣԼƵĲСǷʱ򣬿ûõ߽ϵղ̨ȻУҲܰôڻ½
ô˵Ҫҵ½ڵǷ棬ֻǧǼһˣëüͷ


1835 
Ҳֻǧˣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҪҵ½ڵǷ棬ֻǧֲ֪
Ͼǧ־ǴӻϹȥģ϶Ƿڵλá
ǧֱϾǵĵˣҪ֪Ƿڵλã⼸ܡ
Ժ󿴿ûлץסǧ֣ٱ˵ǷڵλáҶǳë
ëһЦǿһλ߽״񰡣
ڵʵѾаջˣ̤߽״֮ɱסֻϾǧִ£ҪɱҲҵСҶǳЦ˵гš
ǵΪ֮ȥɱǧǾ׾ˡ
ʱƬǳأûĶ֡
Ҫ񾳽ѡ
ΪΪҶǳҪԴԽԽˡ
ȻʵڲУֻʱġ
ʵҶǳЩĽٶѾܿˣ״񾳽磬ǶǺķ˶ʱ䡣
ҶǳŽķǧʱ䣬ǳأһ״öࡣ

ʱ䣬֮жɹ
żеҲҶǳɱˡ
Ͼղ̨ĵ̣ܹǧİ˽סŽ״Ҷǳܹɨĵˡ
ûΣգҶǳҲȥϷ嵺һ·϶Уûпؼӿսʻٶȡ
ķһʱ䣬ǲŵִϷ嵺
ڴڼ䣬ҶǳĻİ£ëҲһڿƷʯÿ˵ΪĽ״񾳽硣
ٶȻǿ찡Ҷǳ֮ëվչһ壬졣
Ϊоˬ
ǶԱ׻ʯӣڼֱ̫ˡ
Ľ״ڵʵ봬ӣܳΪһսˡٺЦ
ǰŸոշʱ˵ЩսǶǳ
ڣҲΪһսˡ
߰ɣǵִϷ嵺ˣҶǳЦ˵漴뿪գǰһӴ졣
Ϸ嵺Ҳһ͵죬ڴ͵֮жǶġ
˵Ϸ嵺һλŽ״򣬻ʮλ˽״ϰλ߽״ʵǿ
ԣû˸Ϸ嵺
̤Ϸ嵺֮ҶǳսȻſĵ·ǰȥ
̫ˣһʵǳǿ׵Ĵ׵Ĵ񣬵ɼ
ԭҶǳ״񾳽ΪЩ͵֮жǰμģߵﶼעĿ
Ϸ嵺ҶǳΪͱͨˣһ·Ҳû˹ע
öǿ߰һ·ϸпѡ
Աߵëֵ뱾үû½һͷڵ˻磬ȴɲĻɫһ½һȵҪ磬ǲˬ
Ǻǣ֮ǰӦֿˡЦҡҡͷ
ˣǴһľͷһӱײСǵľһʱҲת
ҲΪʲô÷ڿˣҪ㿴ʵԼڵĵλ
ʵԷҲкôûڿĥЩ½ɷɣһͻˣȻɱ
ڿľ֮󣬴ҶԼڻʲôλҲͻסеİԹʵͷ
Ҷ磬ȥѩʵ
Ҷǳȥղ̨֮ǰҪ֮ȥǽҪϷ嵺һʱ䣬ȥһۡΪʱסɡ
Ե˵ͷ
Ǿ㲻֪ʲôڣҲܹµõеʱ϶ҪķѺܾá
Ͼǰղ̨ǵʵ̫ˣЩҪʱ϶ķѺܳ
Ȼ֮󣬴ҶʱҲͲںǧҲֻת۶궼
պëҲҪʱЩƷʯΪҶǳ׼ȥһۡ
Ϸ嵺Ǵ͵죬ǳӴнྫĸۡǹġ
͵ķۺܸߣֻսܶһûսĻлʯ򲻵Щۡ
Ҷǳڽղ̨¥㻨һսһ޴ĺۡ㹻ʮסˡ
Լĸ֮ۡҶǳҸΪ츮ЦŶë˵Ժв̵ӷͽǽӵһס
Ǻõط֮еĻ֮кܶ࣬㲻ûʯܿ죬ȷһɽɵĺõطë˷ܵ
ҶǳҡͷĿǰǻûʸڻ翪ɽɣԺзĲ̵ӣղ̨ɡ


1836 
ǵʵǿ֮˵ɣëҲ֪ʵûʸǳؿɽɡ
Ҷǳ뿪ǳصģʱǵԼС
ëǲ׼뿪ǳصģֲҪȥҰǳȴҶǳĺϢɡ
ңëҪ׼һƬأԺ󷽱Щ̵ĺ󱲷һ
үҪչʵëʼߴҶǳһǧʱٴ
ҶǳЦ˵ò͵죬ǲ׼ȥҪ֪׻𵺣ûɡ
ëһ󣬾ͱ׻ʯڿˣȻû䡣
˵⻹ëǵһνӴ
ëȻԹûȤƲԺеʱ䣬ڻʵҪ
˵գëһӣȥչˡ
𡢾ӡҲһӽȥˡ
ʣѩСվҶǳǰ
ٺЦǼҲżȥ˵
СѩҲ˺ġ
Ҷǳó鴫ѶʯǣЦ˵ϵң
´Ѷʯ֮󣬱˳سȥˡ
ҶǳҲǵİȫΪղ̨ͳεĵϣһɶս˭Ҷ־ðղ̨壬ϳΪ򵱳նɱ

Լĸ֮ۡвúһǧʱٴ֮ҶǳҲ뿪˸ۡŵȥ
֮ǰȥ׻𵺽ëǣԼϷ嵺·ϣɱ˲ٵˣǵƣЩԶһսġ
ë߸ҪҶǳǳҪԴȻ뾡취ս
ڵһ3սҶǳսﵽ58ڡ
Ʒʯһʮڣ֮ǰëһʮڣֻʣʮˡ
ЩԴģΪ״ڶѡ
ԣҶǳ취ȡԴ
ˣ뿪֮Ҷǳȥ
͵ʹ͵춼ֻ״ϵ߲ܽȡ񣬴Ӷ÷սͻʯĽ
߷ǳ࣬ȫϵߣż߽ܿ״
Ҷǳ֮󣬱óƣʼ鿴Ϸ嵺
ղ̨ͨỮΪĸȼֱؼһ񡢶Լ
࣬ͨǷ״ġ
ѲǲȡģȻҲųһЩĴҽ
ղ̨Ĺأ߽ȡʱֻܽȡһȼ
Ҳ˵ҶǳȻֻѲߣӦ񣬵Խȡһ
ҶǳΪԼʵ˺߽ܶ״񣬶ӽ˽״ˡԣЩֱӷһۿ
ò˵ЩһѶȶܴٶ漰߽״񼶱ĵˣ߶״񼶱ĵˣһ״ܹɵġ
Ҷǳһ߲鿴Щһ߿еĽѡʺԼһ
ţ˼ҵղ̨£ղ̨£ȵղ̨ƽعղ̨Ǻ󣬾ܻһǧƷʯս
Ҷǳ񣬶ʱЦˡ
ʣʺϰˣǼһھһ·ղ̨£ֱǰ׼Ľ
Ȼ԰ɺղ̨µĹϵȻصղ̨֮ղ̨¿϶ɵġ
ҶǳƬ̣漴ͽлҵɺղ̨£Ľǰ׼İ
ûҶǳǣ϶ҲǣҪײҪ
һǧƷʯս㹻ʵٶȱˡ
£ҶǳɨЩһ
úҶǳѡһʺԼ񣬶һˣջ
ֺ˼ĵս
ǧйء
ʱΪղ̨µϢй¶ǧĸֶղ̨Ǹĺⲻղ̨˺ܲˬ
ǧ峤λ񼶱ĸڣղ̨˾ٲˬҲ޿κΡ
ղ̨Ҳ뵽һİ취Ǿһ޴ĻĵȻǧ״߽״ȥɱÿɱҪһӴĻʯ
ǧƣȻҲܾϾܾҲ̫ˣ˻Ϊǧղ̨ء
ңһЩ״߽״񣬾һЩǧҲûʲô̫ʧ
ĵսѾ˺ܶˡ


1837 һʯ
ĵս
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣ȡΪܶô
һֻס߽׵Ĵ񣬲Ҫ԰˽״ϵǿߣڵʵ˵Ժɨˣܹס
ڶÿλĵսʼ֮ǰղ̨ǧ嶼Ὺ̶սԶıӮҲԶԼӮӶӮȡʽоŵҶǳ˵ֱǰ׼ĺô
ÿλĵսֻҪղ̨ӮսԼɱõԵõղ̨ʹ͵ķ񽱽
ģڻĵս֮бֽܳĻ򣬴ǳءʱǾͻݡҶǳܹϵˡ
˵ȫһĵãܽҶǳˡ
ֻžٰһΣҪȱȻȴţ
ҶǳȥǼʱ򣬷ֱμӻĵս߷ǳ࣬ҪȺʮֵϡ
ҲϾǳ̫Ӵˣԭ͵ǳϡٵס߽ߡڴ͵죬ȴǳĶࡣ
οÿٰһΣ⡮ꡯ֮ڣֵס߽״
Ҷǳ֮󣬱뿪׼ԼĸۡȺ֪ͨ˳ëǡ
ûмŻز츮ȥһղ̨¥׼һЩ
ǰʲô԰ģղ̨¥һλΪڶ״񾳽磬ĸòŮҶǳ
Ҷǳʵгһǧʱٴ𣿡
һǧʱٴҲеˣϾʯ̫ˣҪٶһЩʱ䣬ӶܹΪ
Ļ֪²ܴﵽ񾳽磬ȥħҰ
ǰﻹһ򱶵ʱٴѾǳܹҵʱٴˣֵ10սòŮ˵
ҶǳԵ˵ͷϷ嵺ѾǴ͵ˣղ̨¥ǳش󲿷Ʒֻһ򱶵ʱٴǾ˵ǳҲûгһ򱶵ʱٴˡ
һɣҶǳ漴˵
ţ֪ˣǰʲôҪòŮԵ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ˻֣óϵ40߽׷󣬺50Լ120Ľ3535
⣬ϡ
ЩҶǳ˵
ЩƷ뿪굺󣬴һ·ɱǧǿϻȡġ
ò˵ɱв׬Ǯ
Ҷǳϻʯˣμӻĵսʱ򣬻Ҫһʶעڴ֮ǰ㹻Ļʯ
ûбǮĻ㻹ҪӮʲôǮ
ǰԵȣòŮҶǳݹռָƷɵð࣬漴˵
ҶǳһߺŲ裬һߵȴš
Ҳ֪ܹٻʯĻͰЩսҲɡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ܶҪʱٴ󣬻߷Ļû㹻սǾֻ˹ս
ԣսļֵǳߡ
һԣһսԶһƷʯ
Ҷǳʮս㹻ֵһٶƷʯˡ
˼֮࣬Ҷǳ㿴λòŮҴˣٶȻ졣
ֻòŮҶǳǰһöռָ˵ǰ40߽׷һֵ20ս۳һʱٴҪ10սʣ10ս
⣬ɱˣһս40ڣǽ50ս
ҶǳóƲ鿴һԼսԭ58սʱ108ս
òŮ˵ǰЩϣһֵ110ƷʯҲöռָ档
Ҷǳ˵ͷѾʶɨӹռָĶˡ
ǰʲôҪģòŮ˵ҶǳĿ֮жȣܹλǰԺóˡ
ϧҶǳֻаѩܾˣοǰİŮӡ
ҪˣҶǳ˰֣òŮԹĿתȥ
Ҷǳû뿪ղ̨¥˼ʮ״ͼ״񣬽108սȫˣһ216Ʒʯ
һҶǳϵսˡ
ҶǳϵƷʯﵽ376ڡ
ʯǲ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ЩʯӴ󣬶ܹëǵеλ״񼶱ĸˣǶҶǳ˵Щʯ˶Ϊ
ҶǳҪ״ڽ߽״ڣµҪһǧƷʯ


1838 ղ̨µľ
һǧƷʯŹҶǳһ磬ٶƷʯֻҶǳΪ״ڽ״ڣֵһᡣ
ο⻹Ϊ緽
ջı̬ͬľ磬ҪĻ֮ΪҪĻ֮ʮ
Ҳ˵ҶǳΪҪ״ڣ߽״ڣǾһҪһƷʯ
ֱּҪҶǳŴˡ
һƷʯ
ҶǳЩ
ϴβ빥͵죬һһǧƷʯҪﹻһƷʯǾ͵ùʮ͵찡
ȻҶǳڵʵǿˣٹ͵죬ܻõ϶֮ǰöࡣ
ˣҪﹻһƷʯҲһι͵ܹˡ
߽״񾳽磬ҪӴƷʯһҪ𣿡
Ҷǳ뵽
һʱ䣬ҲЩԥˡ
ĻֻҪһǧƷʯ߽ܽ״񾳽硣
һƷʯ˽״񾳽ˡ
˵̫ԿˣҪԴ̫ӴˣҶǳо˺ܴѹ
ɻľ޴ʵȴǶҶǳջ
Ҫ񾳽磬ҪھŽ״񾳽ʱԽɱûлİҸ޷Խɱ񡣡
ҶǳԥƬ̣֪Լǵü塣
Ϊ˽Ϊ塣
ҶǳҲıһ£ʱ壬Ϊ硣
Ϊﵽ˰˽״ʱȥɱˣܹõĻʯͶöˣʱٷ壬ܹࡣ
գҶǳ¹滮һ½򣬱㷵˲츮

ƵһС͵죬λϷ嵺͵졮ݵطΧ֮ڡ
ʱƵһ֮ۡУɺղ̨
ڵΪѾﵽ״ڣһֱƷʯһΪĵҩϣԽ׵ٶȶܿ졣
Աߵղ̨½ˣȻ츳ܸߣûеҩְѻʯȥˣԵλãҲŽĽ״񾳽硣
ڵʵС͵棬޵еġ
Դ뿪굺֮˱С͵Ǳ
ΪʲôҪѡС͵죿
ΪӽϷ嵺ղ̨Ҫõղ̨ǵϢôͱҪȥϷ嵺
Ҳͷܶࡣ
Ѿﵽ״ˣٹһЩ߽꣬״⡣
ղ̨һ֮еİɣ¶֮ɫʼ˼ĵ·
ǧȥˣҲǵǸСŮˣѾóˡ
ܹɽ߽״񾳽磬ѾļˣϵĵҩѾˣƷʯҲˣ޷ټΪ
߽״Ǽһ׾Ž״񼶱Ҳֻǿ˽״񿹺⡣
ʵǳԱ㹻ˣҪǧȦղ̨ǣȻǲġ
ΪЩղ̨ѾһЩϢ֪ղ̨Ǹǧ˽׺;Ž״λǧ峤
ôǿߣղ̨֪Լˣ岻ȥ
Ȼи͸ëܹԽɱУҲֻðɻɱλŽ״
Ȼɱʲôô
˭֪ղ̨ǸǧĶٸ֣룬Ҳ֪Բֹˡ
ղ̨µ㣬Ҳϰˡ
ķܳȥ
ѵֻܼ
ղ̨ü
ڵʵĻǻǲаȫġ
ȥղ̨ǣ͵òղ̨ص⿿ԼΪٶȾˣܵġ
οʱ䲻ȥҲԼĸ̫Լ
Ҳððȥղ̨ϵҵĸĸҸĸǲһЩֵεĸֹңһղ̨ǡղ̨°뵽
ַֻʽգϾղ̨µΪŽĽ״񾳽磬һ׼ƷҲֻǿԿ׵Ĵ
״ʵȻС͵޵УӴǳأͲգ˭֪ǧ᲻׵Ѳ߹
С࣬ǱȽ˵ǱȽϽ
ϧϴûҵҶǳǸһڣͿȥղ̨֪ͨҸĸˡ
ղ̨ЩƵֹ
ǳأܹεҲͰɺҶǳˡ
ղ̨ЩߣӴĲ֪࣬˭ܹΣһǧļϸǾˡ
ղ̨һֱûнӴղ̨һЩ߲㡣


1839 ܼ
ʱҶǳ֪ԼͽɾԼܽص츮֮󣬱²ʱٴ
һ򱶵ʱٴë˸ܵ˲֮ͬɵ÷׷׾ˡ
ҶСӣʲôôо⸮֮ۡеʱּӿˣë۾ʵ
𡢲ҲҶǳҲо˲֮ͬ
ҶǳЦ˵ոȥһղ̨¥һһ򱶵ʱٴ󡣡
۾ʱһ
һ򱶵ʱٴǱһǧʱٴʮǽ״ʱˡ
ëȴ뵽һ򱶼ٴĵļ۸񣬵ʵⶫӦúܹɣ
ֵ10սأûʯ򲻵ҶǳЦ
һࡣ
ëЦ㻹һܼӣΪʮЧʣͻ10ս̣̫ˣñүʵ
Ҳ˵ͷҲûôսһʱ䣬ʵֵ̫ˡ
ô꣬Ҳ֪ս10ս൱20Ʒʯ
ʵ̫ܼˣ
жҶǳһ̭
Ҷǳҡͷ˵ڻǾʵҪʮսҸû
ëƲƲСӻǴԲѣˣڻжٻʯ
ոȥղ̨¥һЩõƷڻ376ƷʯҶǳص
ëԣʱɴ۾Ŀɿڴ
ΣëŻعѹСôܼңôʯôȥѵЩʯ߽״񾳽𣿡
ҶǳԿЦҪ߽״񾳽磬ҪһǧƷʯһĻҪĻʯҪʮС
Բۡë𺳡
ҲЩǣҶǳֱһ̽ޡ
ëһ˭С츳أռ㣬ÿΪҪĻʯͱǶ࣬㻹һӱ̬Ļ壬ү浣ԺΪ
Ҫ֪ԺҶǳʵǿҪԴ͸ӶˣʱҶǳΪ϶ܼѡ
ʱֻһһˡҶǳҡҡͷԺԺȥǣֻҪǽˡ
οΪ֮Ҳ߳ǳأӴӹĻء
ʱ˵ʲôء
ˣ֮ǰȥһ
ţҶǳԼڽȡëˡ
֪˻ĵսĲп֮һǵΣգа𣿡
ģڵʵ߽״۷徳磬ȫаȡʤҶǳһš
ѵ߽״۷֮ҲиǿĴڣô˭֪ʲôصţҲҪСһЩ
İɣһСĵġˣһлýͻأʱ򼴱԰˽׵ĴҶа֮һսҶǳЦ˵
һ㶣Ҷǳлýͻ̬ʱ
Աߵëһ˷ܵȻˣСӾоȡʤİգζѺһЩעû׬һʡ
ϵƷȫɻʯΪ׼ġҶǳЦ˵֪ë뵽һȥ
һΣ׼׬һʣչԼ߽״ҪԴҪëǻý״񾳽ҪԴ
ңҶǳ֪ĵսÿֻܽȡһΣȻҪһεĻᣬ׬㹻Ļʯ
ٺ٣Ҫ׬һˡ
ëԿҶǳЦ˵ʱǵȥս
˼ǻû취ȥս˵ֻ״񾳽ϵ߲űȥսҶǳЦҡͷ
ëԶʱɫһڣ£磬սʸûˣǵøϽʵ
˵գëͱ۾ˡ
ЦҡҡͷҶǳ˵Ҷ֣Ǿ͵ĺϢˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴뿪ӣȥԼоʱٴˡ
֮󣬹ֹ乻С塢ѩҲˡ
˶˷ܣȻϷ嵺Ӵ˺ܶȤĶ˲ټʶ
ͬʱҲܵԼΪС֮˱չˡ
ҶǳоʱٴѾóһٱʱٴ󣬵һǧʱٴûйˡ
֮ǰһ򱶵ʱٴ̣һǧʱٴ̣˿о̡
˲翿ԼҲͨʱ֪ʶҲֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬һԼҲܹóһ򱶵ʱٴԽһ򱶡


1840 뽱
ʱٴȻµ󷨰о˼꣬ҾȻ̵֮һ
츮һҶǳһǧʱٴ̣һп
о󷨵ʱоʱţһתۣѾȥꡣ
磬Ѿȥꡣ
ôʱоҶǳҲ̵֮һƻûʮʱ䣬ȫŪһǧʱٴ
Ҫ벼óһǧʱٴƻüоС
ҶǳûмоˣΪղѾѶϢ˵μӻĵսʸѾˣȥϡ
󷨵ȲԺеʱ䣬ȥ׬ȡʯʵ
Ҷǳ̣漴ëǴк뿪˲츮ǰ


֮Ҷǳһߵָһǰ
վſڣûнȥҶǳѾܵ˼ʮǿϢĶ״ǿ߽״۷徳ǿߡ
Ȼˣ׼ȥμһλĵսġ
Ҷǳûж룬ƿ˽ȥ
ʱһ˫˫Ŀܿתƿ
Ȼ״ھҶǳûЩ˷Ȼӡ
ҶǳҲְҫˣɨһۣ漴һ˵λãĬĬΧ
Ѿǵ1246λĵսˣǰղ̨Ӯ632Σǿѹǧһ
һӮ
ʤģǵÿЩ߽״ֻӮˣǲܻʤǿ϶˲ء
ȻΣգǽܷ񰡣£ƴһΣӾ߽״񾳽͸ӽӽˡ

Χ۵ĻЩ״
Ǽ߽״񣬶ԼСȦӣЩ״һ
ҶǳĿһΧһ߼ȴš
ʱţ½һЩߣ׵ĴҲ߽׵Ĵ
֮󣬵һɰ˽״񼶱ǿϢʱ˶վ
˽״һλݴֿĴ󺺣һ󵶣ۻ룬һ֪һˡ
˽ɨһۣ˵˶ѾˣҾ˵˵Ĺؽܡ
˽߶һ˵һĵϽУĵĴСС͵󡣲ĵ棬ղ̨ǧֲõķӡ󷨣治޷뿪ĵ޷ʹ÷зУֻܿԼ·Ѱҵˡ⣬ǵʶҲᱻȫѹƣֻ۾ȥѰҵˡ
˶š
ڳ˶˽ĵսԶԴ׼
ܷеĻʶҲѹˣôֻһС͵죬˵̫ӴˣҪѰҵҲôסҶǳ뵽
ʶȫѹƣǾͳˡϹӡ
ܷУٶȾͻᱻؼˣҪӴС͵֮ҵˣǵȷܲס
ԣѰҵˣҲĹؼ
ʵǿȴҲˣʲôأ
ʱǰİ˽˼˵˵˵Ľչ涨ÿɱһ׵ǧߣԻ100Ʒʯ10սÿɱһ߽׵ǧߣԻ1000Ʒʯ100սղ̨ȡʤôᷭ
˻һ䣬ڳ˵ĺˡ
ҶǳҲɴ۾Ϊʲôô׺߽׵Ĵƴˣʵ̫˰
ֻҪһΣԺ߽ס˽׵ԴˣҲѹֻôԸƴ
ǰİ˽ĿɨˣͻȻ˵Ȼܷ񣬵ҲҪʵܻȡÿλĵսһǧ꣬ǲҪһǧɱУҪСңǲҪΪͰȫΪÿ꣬ǵλöᱻ󷨵¶һΣʱһ꣬ʱ㹻㸽ĵ˹ɱˡ
ɫȻ
Ȼղ̨ߵĽôôǧǱߵĽ϶Ҳ˷ǧߣ϶᲻ϧһдҪɱǡ
עһпɱ¾ʢ硣
ֱΪƵܶɱһЩˣǱ˵߽ˣ˽׵ԴҶܹˡȺУҶǳһ˷ܡ
˵ԽԽãϾѾӵоʤʵ
˭ҪעѺԼӮѺղ̨Ӯģעֻǰİ˽˼˵
ҶǳʱһעĻȻϾҲΪӮӴĻʯ


1841 С
Ѻעڳ˶ܸȤ˽˵Ļ󣬶׷׹Ѻע
ҶǳӰ˽˽⵽ѺעѺַʽһѺˣڶѺ塣
νĸˣ㿴ĳˣѺǷܹѺɱ࣬ѺɱнǰʮǰС
Ѻ壬Ѻղ̨ӮȻ±ĻҲѺǧǱӮ
ҶǳЩûʲôǣȫߵѺѡѺԼɱһߣһʮһƷʯֱӰԼ376ƷʯȫѺȥ
ɱһǾӮȡ7520Ʒʯ
ټɱõĽ𣬿¾ͿһΪﵽ߽״񾳽硣
Ҷǳ붼Щڴ
ϧ̫˰һƷʯǾһ׬ȡʮƷʯŽ״񾳽Ķ㹻ˡҶǳ漴һЩź
̫ˣӮ˽Ҳࡣ
Ҷǳȴ֪״񣬿ǺӵôƷʯȻ֪㡣
һЩ߽״ҲиһƷʯѡ
ûϲĻʯҲȥˡ
СӣȷҪѺ
Ҷǳźʱǰİ˽һŹֵؿҶǳڿһ׳ա
˽˴˿뵽Сǲɵӣǰ׳գһ״񣬾ȻѺԼɱеһѺٶƷʯǷ
ǰʲô𣿡ҶǳȻ֪Լľٶ֣׼͡
Ҳһ״񾹸Ҫɱеһ⻻˭š
ϾҶǳֻһ״ڵߡ
˽벻ͨҶǳƾʲôţҶǳΪܻܲŶһ
㣬Ӳùܣ˽ҶǳĻҡҡͷûм¡
ʶҶǳһǲǷ裬ԼûаëǮĹϵղҲֻǳͬղ̨ߣҶǳһ°ˡ
ȻҶǳ⣬ǾԼԿȥɣˣҪԵŶóɳ
Ѻע֤漣ֵĻȥȡ𡣡˽ҶǳĶ֮󣬱㽫һɫƬݸҶǳ
ν漣ȻָҶǳܹɱеһ漣
˽ȻڴȤҶǳ
ңҶǳ½ɫƬʱ򣬰˽˻һ䣺ǰʱ򻹻ţ
ȻΪҶǳܹ
ǰԼİ˽ˣҶǳһЦ˵һǧǰȾƣ
˽һ㶣ϸһҶǳҶǳһţɵиһĨɫ漴ЦðһǧܿСӣϷ嵺õľ¥Ⱦƣ
ãϣһǧǰҪʳԣҶǳһЦ
˽ҡҡͷ仰ӦҶǳˡ

Ѻע֮󣬰˽˱Ҷǳ뿪Ϸ嵺һսʻĳƬ
Ҷǳϥڼװϣʶһɨһһ209ˡ
У߽۷1ˣ߽׺3ˣ߽5ˣ߽׳10ˡ
⣬۷10ˣ׺30ˣ50ˣ׳100ˡ
ǧǱҲ
Ҷǳг˼ÿɱһ׵ǧߣԻ100Ʒʯ10սÿɱһ߽׵ǧߣԻ1000Ʒʯ100ս
Ȼɱ߽״õ棬ɱ״õ棬ʮ
߽״ʵ̫ǿˣô׻ɱġ
߽״٣һҪ׷ٶ鷳
ԣҶǳǾصɱ״취ɱ߽״
ҲʱҪȥǣǾͻҡҶǳȻ뵽
߽״٣ʵǿǿ϶Ҷǳ״񵱳ɡ
ԣʱҪҶǳȥЩ߽״ǾͻԼ
⵹ʡҶǳ鷳
ѣʶλӵİ˽״𣿡ڴʱԱߴһ
ҶǳתͷȥһüĿ˹˵Ϊ״ڡ
Ҷǳҡҡͷ˵ʶ
֣ҲǼ֮ǰλǰ̸죬ԲΪʶ
ǰһǸЦЦ漴ҽܵˣŸѡ
ҶǳҶǳص˵ͷ
ԭҶ֣Ÿ漴ҶǳһɻʵҶѵֻһμλĵսҪ֪һߣǰһЩһμӻĵսʱ֣ܸõĻɱˣͱ


1842 ̽
ŸĻҶǳɵ̧ͷԶһȺһǣʱȻ
ǰ״ڻĵս֮вռʲôƣȫǱЩ߽״񵱳
ԣ״ҪŽ
ʮ״۷ǿ֣Ҳδزܻɱ߽״
ϰٸ״ɴǾ͸ܹɱ߽״ˡ
ԭˣ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ŸЦЦˣ֮ǰҿûпô࣬Ծ;ƴһ¡
ŸԷǳص˵ͷЦ˵ȡģҶһҪƴһϾֻҪɱˣ󣬾ܻ÷Ľ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ʵҲһ𣿡
Ÿ˵ͷЦҲһˣղżڽˣŷӦˣҶ֣Ҳһˣǽ˰ɣ˵Եɱһ״ڵߣ֣ǾˡȻΪ˰ȫûǶҼ˽ˡ
Ҷǳû˿ԥ;ܾˣҡͷǸ֣㻹˰ɣһһ˴ϰߺͱ֡
ʵȻǲŸ֣ϾŸǵʵû
Ÿ֣ѵһ·չŸ
˵ҶǳŸոʶŸ֪һΪô
˵пǧļϸأȻʺСҲųֿԡ
֮ܶ˶˵û˿ôҶǳȻͬ⡣
ҶҪҪٿһ£
Ÿû뵽Ҷǳܾôɴ࣬üͷһ壬ɵüȰ˵ߣ˵ĻǾֻܳΪ˵ֻŽЩ߽״
Ǹһϰһ˶½⡣Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ҶǳܾŸɫ̫ÿϵЦݣɫĮ˵ȻҶţ¾ͲҶˡ
˵գȥ
ҶǳŸ뿪֮ȥ䵥״񣬲ɵǸһĨЦ
浱ǲ
ҶǳôҲǴӷʱһģ֪˶ΣպͶթᱻŪ
ҽȡĵսˣ״񣬾Բ⣬Ȼ֮ǰ׼
ԣŸҪʲô˽ˣӦϵһ־ͬϵ˲Ŷԡ
Ҷǳϴ֮ǰͷˣЩǶѾˣһЩһ䵥ģһȺûѵĶ
ԣЩ˲ʱ˽ˡ
ʣŸ϶⡣
Ҷǳ²ԷҪôǧļϸҪôǸǧĲսʱ
֮ҶǳôȷһҪ֤ݣǾǡ
Ҷǳ̯ƣͷȥֻģһͨɫϣϵĶͷһɫӡǡ
ֵǣȻƶȴһûɢ˿Ҳûһֱһʯһ׾ͱ˺ӡ
һͨͨϣȴܹҶǳĻϣҶǳ·档
ҶǳǿޱȣУ¶֪ʲôʱ·ϵɫϡ
ҵ·лϣƽҳմȾôֻܳϣ
ҶǳŲԶŸһЦ
ʣֻɫŸһղųûųģһҶǳ˵Ҷǳľԣټֻϱ⣬ųɹҶǳ·档
ŸȻû뵽Ҷǳôǿ󣬾ո뿪֮ҶǳϷֻɫϡ
Ȼֻ֪ɫʲôӦ׷һĳްɣҶǳ뵽
ڻĵսֵط׷ٵ˲ҪֻûһȻսģǾֻ׷ٵˡ
Ҷǳ˼Ƭֻ̣ɫϣûнɱ
ΪҶǳ׼ƾͼơ
ŸһЩǧĵˣǶ˵Ǹûᡣ
нƾͼƣҶǳаһЦ
ʵǿµ˸ʲôıƣϾû˻뵽һ׳ڵĴ񣬻ӵ˽״ڵս
ʹõ˲޴ԸҲɼ״ֱǸͲ˵ġ
Ҷǳͷô׷ٵˣںˣҪˣԼͻ
ŸǺһ
ҶǳջؿŸĿ⣬ʼĿ񣬵ȴִĿĵء
ԶŸƳҶǳһۣ΢Ӧһ£֪ԼҶǳϵ̽ϲû˵Ҷǳûз̽ϵĴڡ
СӣΪҽˣӵһ𣿺ߣ̫ˡŸЦ


1843 սʼ
ĵսڵĵص㣬λϷ嵺ղ̨ǵмλãҲǧĵط
Ȼղ̨Ҳдֲַ˫Լ
Ҷǳһ˵ִ˵ʱʱܵһɹǿʶ˷ɨӶÿһǰ˽״ϵǿߡ
һ̣˶ܵԼС
öǿ߰װĲԶһ̾
μ״񣬶еľ
ڱĵطǱʶ̽飬ǿ϶Զ뿪ˡ
ҪģȻǧǿߣҲղ̨ĸ֣˫Լǲᶯֵġһλ߽״Ц˵ԵñȽ򶨡
ҶǳͷȷＯǧղ̨Ķ֣ǲɵûɱġ
˭
Щ˶ĴǲúΪʲôҪƴɱʲô棿
ֻеղ̨³ֵʱǹľ޴ջ֮£Щ˲Żƴɱ
Ϊʱǲƴļֵ
ֻҪղ̨ûг֣˫˭Ҳᶯ֡
ҶǳǵսǰʻȥʱһС͵ʱ˵УǾǡĵҲǼҪɱ¾ĵط
ԶڡĵΨһͷѾͣһǧս
ղ̨ķǣǺܾˣϿһصһƼЦ
վڴͷİ˽˶ʱߵԲѣϴλĵսղ̨ӮˣȺ°ܽҲǰſ
˽˵գ߶սѸٳŲԶͷٶȥ
ҶǳԶͷϽһ޴󷨣ɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ͷϲ˴󡣡
ǿռ䴫һǽУͻᱻ͵ĵϵط
ԭˣô˵һǽĵ֮Ǳ˴˶ϵ˴ˡ
ֻڽȥ֮ǰȱ˴¼Ǻţϵ

ϵ۷׷ס
Ҷǳ˶սǧսսϣҲһ˽׵ĴԼ209λμߡ
ҶǳЩ˵ףΪȽĵ֮Щ˱ĻʯŶԣǵˡ
ϧ˫˴˶ЩɵսźԶ˫˴˶ڶԷ¼Ǻš
ˣȽĵֻ֮ƾѰҵˡ
ȻǧȻղ̨ߵĶ֮а˼ϸôҶǳţղ̨϶ҲǧǱ߰˼ϸ
ֻϸ˭Ҷǳ֪
Ҷǳãֻмߴӵ߽״۷ǿߣλ߽״ڵǿߣܻ֪ղ̨尲Ǳߵļϸݡ
ҲΪ˱֤ϸݲ¶Ϊһ¶ݵĻˡ
ҪɱУˣҶǳɵƳһ۲ԶŸ²ǧļϸǺߣڴ˰һǧˡ
׸գٷϻˣϽʼɣǧĸѾȵòͷˡʱǧİ˽״˵
ԭ˽˵ֽ׸ա
ֻǰ׸ЦȻôǾͿʼɣȽȥȽȥ
ϴˣôչأȽȥǧİ˽״һ֣ʱ209λߣ㳯ͷԾȥ
Ҷǳ۾ţЩǧߣڽͷ֮˲ͱͳȥˡ
ȻͷϵĿռ䴫ʱ̶ڿš
ͬʱҶǳע⵽ǰšĵľ޴󷨹Ļ棬һźɫ209
Ȼɫ֣ǧڡĵߡ
һǧ˼ôӦģҲ١
˵ղ̨߶Ӧɫ֡
ҲΪ˷ˣܹ֪ĵ֪һռϷ硣
Ͼĵڸǣ˸޷ʶ̽ȥ
ҲãҵĻýͻܣһ֪ΪҶǳ뵽
Լڡĵսᱻ˿һֻܷʹûýͻˡ
Ͼֶ̫ǿˣʺϴȺսһǧ֪ˣǿ϶᲻ϧһдɱʱλǧ¶Գ֡
ڼȻڸǣͲõˡ
󷨻᲻⣿
ҶǳӦòܣϾ󷨲ǧһõģǧղ̨һõģ˭Ҳ޷ʲôֽš
ҲȥɣɱǧȺڴʱߴ׸յĵͺ
ʱҶǳߵߣҲһһԾͷʧڿռ䴫ڡ
ҶǳӰҲŹâʧ


1844 Ϲ
ҶǳٴʱǰһƬïܵĲΧҲһƬде֣ȻѾĵ
ܵأҶǳҪ̽ʶǺܿ죬ͷһɿֲʶѹڣ޷ͷųʶ
ֱһĨڰ
ҶǳȻԤϣ˿ҲɵһЦҡҡͷ
˵ųʶһϰߣ͸·һз˱۾·ǳϹӣ
ߵʶһųȥΧĻ360ǣǵУ۾ȥǿ̫ˡ
ңʶܹ̽ӵľǳԶ
ûѹʶҶǳ˲ܹ죬⵺ϵÿһֻ϶ܿ
ղ̨ǧȻҪӻĵսѶȣԲŪѹʶסˡĵ
Է󿴿
Ҷǳ漴ó󣬿ʼ֮߶Ƿɲڵ档
滹˽մ޷зС
۾ϹˣֲϷɣҪôĵҵˣǾֻˡ
ٶȷ浹ûжƣҶǳڵٶȣһʱƵһȦʵڲоͶܼΣһҵˡ
ǵ˶ڵصףûʶ֪̽Ͳҵˡ
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣ȵϹ
ǸŸ̽ΪǣԷĲŪģ϶ᡮһЩǧĵˣóûԷɱ
뵽ҶǳҲûȥڸʼˡ
Ҷǳõ󷨷ǳأڵصףûʶ֪̽£ǲܷ󷨵ġ
ʱ򣬵ȵЩɱϾͿԲٿ󷨻ɱЩˡ
ȻҶǳɱ󣬻ҪǷֹЩܡ
ʵҪɱĵ˲ѣµ̫࣬ʱӳͲˡ
Ҷǳص㲼󣬾סˡ
Ȼҿ͵ϮˣôҲп͵Ϯҡ
󷨵ʱҶǳлȻһ
Ϊ޷ʶ֪̽Եû취õ󷨣ͬҲ޷ֵ˲õ󷨡
ԣȥɱ˵ʱҲ󷨣пܻᱻԷ󷨸ˡ
ȥɱ˵ʱҲҪСĶԷ󷨡Ҷǳ뵽
νĻĵս˫ɱ˾ɱû˿ʴȿԣҶǳòһЩ
Ȼʵǿ󣬵Щ󷨷ž޴츳߶ͨʵҲһԿ
Ҷǳ˿⣬Ȼ﷭޵ĵطûС
ú֮Ҷǳæһôϣϣ͸Ҷ֮ķ϶鿴ܵ
Ÿҵλø֪ǧߵĻôǧߺܿͻϹˡ
Ҷǳ뵽Ϭ񣬳ɨɨȥ
һºҶǳȻӰǱ
Ҷǳһ۾ϳǧߣǵΪ״ڡ
Ͼڽĵ֮ǰҶǳϸϸذ209ǧ߸УǵòκΪȫһ
ȻǧǱߵߣҲǵ
ƲҰڵ״񣡡ҶǳɨǧһۣɵԳһЦ
ȻǸŸֻǾ״ڵΪ״ڵ߾ˡ
ֻ˵ҶǳΪ̫ƭˡ
ˣôҲƷʯʮսѾҴ׬һˡҶǳ漴ҡҡͷ
սջˣѾǺܲսˡ
ͬʱҶǳǧߣѾ֮Уװģسܿȥ
Ȼ֪ǿ϶Ҳ֪ҶϡҶǳһЦȭѾʼ߶ˡ
ৣ
ڴʱԭװģ·ǧߣȻͬʱ֣ҶǳĲ֮غ
Ȼǵȷ֪ҶǳôϣԼͬʱ֣յʱǳá
СӣΪǾͲ֪𣿡
̫ˣ

ǧߴЦ
ȻϵЦݺܿˡ
ΪΧѾһ޴󷨣档ǰҶǳȴѾʧˣ֮С
󷨣
ôܻ᲼󷨣ѵǰԤ֪ǻ
һֹ󷨡

ǧ߶ʱͻˡ
ȭҶǳûɱȭӡЯһӴĻ֮һǧɱ
ͬʱýͻȫһϯ󷨿ռ䡣
ۣǧߣҶǳһȭ


1845 ʧ
ʲô
ĸǧ߿Լͬ龹ȻҶǳһȭɱʱһš
Ҫ֪Ҫɱ״񣬼߽׵ĴҲõ
ǰ˽׵Ĵ
ǲ֪Ҷǳ߽״۷ʵټϻýͻǣʹҶǳɱˡ
ȻҲҶǳͻȻֵڣֳܹҶǳгŹһеġ
ɱ
Ҷǳϲս֮зϻɱһ֮Ͼ͵ͷɱһˡ
˿Լͬ鱻Ҷǳֱɱ֪ԼҶǳĶ֣׷׳Զȥ
ϧѾ󷨸ǣȻ󷨲Ǻǿһʱ㹻ˡ
״ڣֱ߽״۷壬鱨һ˲ҽһҶǳȭɱ
̶Ƭ֮䣬״ڵǧߣͱҶǳһһնɱ
Ҷǳ漴ʼϵƷǴݵƵȻЩҪȥһġ
⣬״Ҳÿ˶׵һ߽׵ķ󡣵ȻֵҶǳѾˡ
СҲ⣬ۣԺҲ͸ëá
£ҶǳЩսƷ
Ȼ󷨵ı𸽽һЩ˵ע⣬˵˻ɱҶǳһ㶼ġ
ʵȫԺɨЩǧǿ߻Ἰʮ֡
ȻܣϾǸոձͽһֵġ
ңμӻĵսˣҪɱһЩ׬ȡԸ֡
ҲֻһЩ״񼶱ߣŻ˴߽״ֵļʾͺСˡ
ԣҶǳȫ壬ڴɱ

ͬʱĵ⡣
ղ̨İ˽׸գǧλ˽״񣬶ǰĵɫ֡
ɫĴǧʣɫĴղ̨ʣ
ʱɫڲϵؼ٣Ѿʼ˴ɱˡ
һղ̨ʣ209½150׸ɫޱȣǳˬ
۶ǧ壬ʣ200ˣռݺܴϷ硣
׸գǧӮˡǧλ˽״Ц
׸ߵŹȥһʱ䣬ĵսһһǧ꣬˵úأ
ǺǣӲɣղ̨ԽԽ٣ʱʣºܶʱ䣬Ҳֻǧѡǧİ˽״Ц
׸û˵ֻǽǰɫ֣üͷ
Ϊʲôղ̨ô죿Źȥã㲻ǧ壬Ҳûô졣
ǡǧ֮мϸ˱¶ټ
׸гɱ⣬ЩϸΪʹޡ
ûа취ղ̨ҴҵҪϸ
ȻǧǱҲ壬˴˶ڱ˴˼֮а˼ϸ

ĵĳѨ֮С
Ÿǰϵ208ֻɫСϣ˿̣е59ֻ̽Ѿˡ
ղ̨Ѿ59ˣң㻹ʣ150ˡŸ૵
̽ϵķ֣ܺÿ̶˫ֱ̥һһĸ
ңһһĸ̽ϣ˴˻ŽܵϵԱ˴˹ͨͬʱǵҲ˭ˣһ
Ÿǰ208ֻ̽ϣǹ̽ϣڵĸ̽ϣ类208ղ̨ϡ
Ϊˣ֪208ղ̨ߵټ
ڽĵ֮ŸѾЩ˵ټȫǧߡˣǧ˲ܴȫʤһӸɵղ̨59ˡ
ŸԴ˷ǳ⣬ֻҪϮղ̨㲻Ϊˡ
뵽Ÿ׼̽Щղ̨ߵ١
ף
ȻŸһֻ̽ϸˣֻ̽ϱǶӦҶǳټֻ
ûǴĻֻ̽ӦöӦǸҶǳСӣ״ڵΪôղһɱģ
ŸЩ⣬ȻǧǱҲܹͨ̽Ϲͨ˴˴Ϣܷ㡣
ֻǽҶǳλãҶǳΪ֪˶ԷڶԷôʲôǿȥԸҶǳͲ֪ˡ
Ͼǧ˶ŸҲھţ˭֪Ÿ᲻Ǳ꣬Ѿı⣬ѡͶղ̨塣
ʱ̫ˣ˭֪ᷢʲô顣
ǧ˵ȻҪһЩ
СһЩʵҲ״ڰɣŸƬ̣Ҷǳλôǧ塣


1846 ʮ
ĵĳ֮УҶǳɶڴϣ׼á
ΪԼûŸ϶ٴϵǧɱ
ԷֻҪ֪ԼʵͲɳҶǳһ㶼Լȫ
ϣΣܹɵ˹Ҷǳ뵽
ʮˣܹԸģʮҲɱʮ˹󷨾סˡ
Ҷǳڴš
ǸŸǴһ
Ÿ֪ҶǳǺˣйƻ

ʱ䲻֪š
ΣҶǳûеȶãŹ˰ɣǧ˳Ϲˡ
ȻǧҲҪʱ䣬ϾҶģܾۼһ顣
֮ǰɱҶǳǧˣΪҶǳܽŻô졣
һΣΪ˵ɸֹԻ˰ʱ䡣
һĸҶǳڴϣԶԶЩǧ߽ӽ鿴ǵ
Ҷǳõʮǧ߹ˣ˷ܡ
ǧҲǰ׳գȻˣʮˣ״ڣʮ״ڣһ״ڡ
ʵԸһ״۷ǿ߶㹻ˡ
Զ׼ǧͨϴεʧܣѾ߹Ҷǳʵ
Ǹ߹Ҳ޵ġ
ϾҶǳΪֻ״ڣס˵ģϾ֮ǰҶҪһ飬һ߽״Ϊ״ġ
ԣǧǱжҶǳӦһšԽս
㼴ţԽһǼˣԽ߽״񾳽硣
Ͼ˭Ҳ벻ҶǳһţȻǳСط
ŸȻǺ˰һǧƷʯ͵ˡҶǳ˷ܣ޲͸ǸŸһ״Լôǧߡ
ҶǳûڵȴЩǧ߽֮ڡ
ȻЩǧҲǰ׳գƺѾ϶Ҷǳﲼ󷨡
ԣǼѾҶǳλãûгǿʼΧ󷨣ҪҶǳΧ
һȺˣҶǳǷһĨЦ
Щ˵Ҳô沼󷨣Ҷǳȥ
Ҷǳһȥˣõ󷨾ûˣʱǧǱʮˣΪǿԶԸҶǳġ
ҶǳȥǵȵǧЩ˲󷨣֮ܽҶǳõ󷨸ݻٵ
ԣҶǳǲǧǱ߶ռơ
Ǵϧǻǵ͹ҵʵҶǳЦһ漴ӴŸϵ̽ϣŲԶЩǧǱȥ
֮̽ϣΪҶǳ֪֮ǧ϶ǲԸˣǲһ߽״񼶱ĸԸҶǳ᲻ȤˣûҪŸ֪١
Ҷǳ׼ոǰʮ֮󣬱㿪ʼȥɱǧߣȻŸ֪٣ǧ߶ô죿
˼һתҶǳѾʮǧǱȥ
ʮ˷ֹϷǳ
ʮ״ڵڲ󷨣״ںһ״ڵģڼܣֹ͵Ϯ
ҶǳεĿǸ״ڵͷˣʵǿȽá
ҶǳСؽӽ״ڵǧߣȻͻȻ𣬳ɱȥ
䣡
Ҷǳûбȫʵǽ״۷ʵֻ״ڲһߡ
ȻҶǳΪ֮
ԭǵȻΪԵˡ
ϾҶǳҲ֪Ĵڣ϶Ѿ˸֪ˡ
Ȼλ״ڵǧߣҶǳ͵Ϯһ㶼û⣬Ц״ڣʵãֱ
˵ͬʱԼҶǳȥ
ԶʣʮǧߣڿҶǳʵǿ֮Ҳ׷׳Ҷǳ
ûᣡҶǳһĻʱЦˣʵĿġ
һӾɱ״ڵǿߣʣµʮˣͻϷɢˡ
¡¡
ȵʮǧҲɱʱҶǳڱ򣬰סʮǧߡ
ͬʱýҲҶǳĴ߶½٣ʮǧߡ
ɱ¾ʱˣҶǳڻ֮УոЩǧߵ
һҽУȵĻ֮д


1847 ˭ն
ĵĳŻɢȥҶǳѾɱʮǧˣڴɨսռսƷ
ɱߣѾ21ˣֵ2100Ʒʯ210ս
ҶǳԼԼĽжʱһ˷ܡ
Ȼ˵ֱˢԴĺõط
ûһʱ䣬ջôࡣ
ʱ䣬׬һƷʯӦò⡣
ǣڴɨս֮Ҷǳ뿪˴˵أʼȥѰǧߵټˡ

ĳ¶Ѩ֮С
ŸŴҶǳֻ̽Ѿˣɵ¶ЦݣΪҽ˾ܹӵһǺǣͷˡ
ûҶǳˣŸ鿴̽ϡ
ʱǧǱߵ̽ϣʣ100ˡ
Ȼڣղ̨ʧˡ
ţô£ȻŸŵһֻȥ̽ϣɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǧǱߵ̽ϣǧٵģǱ˴ͨѶõġ
Ͼ⵺޷ʹͨѶ豸ֻܿ̽ϽһЩ򵥵ѶϢ
Ÿ֮ǰѾǧǱߵˣֻ̽ˣôɱʧܡ
ֻ̽ģǧȥɱҶǳ
˵ɱҶǳʧˣ
Ÿֿ˿Ҷǳֻȥ̽ϣüͷ壬ѵԼҶǳϵ̽ϱˣ
ⲻûܣ̽Ҳܵģȷпܻᱻղ̨߸֡
ֻǣŸû뵽ҶǳǸСС״񣬾Ȼһδζǧɱ˲𰡡
ҵǶЩˣһʱ㲻һղ̨ĸ⣬ʣһˣҲʲôˡŸһ㲻Ҷǳˡ

ĵĳ
Ҷǳû뵽Լûҵǧߣһλղ̨߽״ڵߡ
λղ̨߽״ڵߣ˿ҶǳȵСӣ׳ڣǧߣҲѽɱҺΣ
ҶǳˣЦ˵ǰҪκˣǰţ
ҽִɽִɽһ漴Į˵ܼ򵥣նǧ߹ɱǡ
ҶǳʵǶʲôô
ִɽЦ㵱ȻкôұԿԻĵսңɱĵˣҲҪǵ͸㡣
ҶǳƲƲ죬μӻĵսߣϳһͼ⣬ʲôмֵƷûС
ϾҶðģһˣöҲֻ˵ˣڽ֮ǰɻʯΪ
ԣҶǳѾɱ21ǧ״񣬵ǻõսƷû10Ʒʯ
ɱһõĽϵսƷʵһֵûС
ҶǳһתҲûоܾ
ãǰҴӦҶǳЦһ漴ִɽ˵
ִɽʱص˵ͷ˵ģղ̨ˣҲ⺦㡣
ҶǳƲƲ죬Ųִɽ
ִɽնҲִɽն
Ϊʲôô˵
ΪղžִɽܽʱҶǳصع۲һ£ִɽ棬ҲſһСС̽ϡ
ȻִɽҲǸŸˣҪ˶ãͻǧ߹ɱִɽ
ҶǳƲ⣬ȻǧǱߵִ֪ɽ߽״ڣôǾͺпܻǲ߽״Χɱִɽ
߽״񰡣ɱһܻ1000Ʒʯ100սȵɱ10״ˡҶǳڴ
£Ҷǳִɽָ£ʼһͺͺɽͷϵն
ɽܸߣֻҪ·ǧߣһۿҶǳĴڡ
ִɽڸһضУȴﵽ
һº󣬵˹Ȼˡ
һ߽״ڵǿߣĸ߽״ڵǿߣһִɽλãֱӳִɽɱ
ԱߵҶǳǷһ߽״ڵ߶Ը
ҶǳҲװģŵĶӣλǧ߽״׷ɱ
ִɽǱߣѾ˼ҵս
Ҷǳͷһۣоִɽܼһλǧ߽״ǰĴ֮С
Сӣܲģλǧ߽״Ц׷Ҷǳ󣬲ٶȼӿ죬Ҷǳ֮ľҲԽԽ
ȻһǰһǰĴ֮к󣬶ʱһ޴Ļý罵֮ĻпֲĻ
ܣΪʲôҪܣ
ֻǰԭܵҶǳͻȻͣסӣǧ߽״ɱ


1848 ִɽ
ò׵ȵǼΪʲôҪߣҶǳһЦɱǰ߽״
ǧ߽״ʱסˣ漴˼һ״񣬾һҪɱң
𣿡ҶǳһЦ漴߽״۷ǿǰǧ߽״ɱ
ʱǧ߽״ҲܵýͻĿֲѹƣʱɫ䡣
㵽˭ôôֲͻý磡ǧ߽״񾪽һҪˣȴѾҶǳĹˡ
䣡
ҶǳȭԵȭסǧ߽״â貣ֱһλٳ޵С
ۣǧ߽״񣬽ոսӴͱҶǳһȭѪɡ
Ȼӵп߽״۷ʵôܣǧ߽״֣Ҳ׼ܡ
ڻ֮Уٶȱؼˣһлýѹƣʵ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
Ҷǳȭϵغ£ǧ߽״վǲ˻֮Уûӳȥ
ã1000Ʒʯ100սˡҶǳǧ߽״ƺʱЦһ
ջ̫ˣȵɱ10״ˡ
£Ҷǳڴɱ߽״ˣĿԶǸɽ£۲Ǹִɽǧλ߽״ս
ʱһλ߽״ںλ߽״ڵǿΧ£ִɽѾƲأͿ֧Ųסˡ
ϧڽ֮ǰû˱Ԫִɽڿ϶ʹñԪˡҶǳ뵽
бԪĻִɽʵͻȻֻܼһӣҲܹĸǧ߽״ܲشˡ
ʱҶǳȥɱǣǾ׺ܶˡ
ȻѱԪĻǶҶǳҲܲ˵֮ǰɱЩǧߣʹ˱ԪĻɱҲͺܼˡ
ԣҶûбԪҶǳ
ϣִɽܹһǵʵҶǳԶս뵽
һ㶼ûȥæ˼Ͼ֮ǰִɽͱն
ȻˣҲܺĵȥִɽ
˲пᣬҶǳ̫ˣɲʲôʥĸġ
Ҷǳھϣִɽܹǰһĸǧ߽״ʵ
ʱҶǳɱҲͻ׺ܶࡣ
һ£ȥ͵Ϯһǲ뵽һšҶǳ뵽漴ٶǱһξ롣
Ʋ⣬ĸǧ߽״У϶û״Է¶ΪѾˡ
Ͼһ׵Ĵôܵеùһλ߽׵Ĵأ
ϧҶǳǳǵ֮⡣
ִɽҪֲסˣ
ֹһʱ䣬ҶǳԷִɽҪֲסˣ׼ǰƴһ˵汳Ҳĳ¡
ҼȻҪˣǿ϶Ҫһ˵汳Ҳõ˺ܡ
ִɽȻҲˣ˿Ͷһǧ߽׳ڴ񹥻ҲҪʹƴ
ִɽƴ£ǧ߽״ڵҲƲأæ˺Ҫִɽ룬Ϊִɽһ
ûᣡ
ԶҶǳҲ˴ˣǱȥ׼͵Ϯˡ
Ϊ˱ִɽˣ͵Ϯ֮£ԿԽһٻɱ
Ҷǳǵ͹ִɽľģҶǳǱȥʱִɽѡԱ
¡¡
ֲʱϯս
ĸǧ߽״񣬶ܵƣ׷׺˿
̫ˣִɽǺģҶǳ˿̲סиִɽޣһ̫ˣ˶Ҫˡ
ǣҶǳ㲻ִɽġġϳ˹ȥųͻý磬ĸǧ߽״񸲸ǡ
ǸִɽˣִܵɽԱ߽״ǿߣҶǳȭݺݵػС
ۣ˲صǧ߽״񣬸û뵽ҶǳͻȻֱ֣ӾͱҶǳһȭ
˭
Ȼ㣡
ôܣ
ʱǧ߽״ʱһŵؿŶҶǳ
ϳҶǳ֮ǰǸߵ״񣬵ôţ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾֳһ߽״ȥ׷ɱҶǳˣ߽׶ףӦûᱻ̲Ŷԡ
ǽȻǵ֮⡣
ҶǳɱǸ׷ɱǧ߽״񣬸ղųûɱһǧ߽״


1849 Ź
ʵС
ʣµǧ߽״һۣ˱˴еء
ǴʱѾˣټϻͻý˫ǵʵࡣ
ҶǳղչֳʵǸܵǰδеΣС
ôı̬ȻԽɱ߽״񣬻ӵǿĻý򣡡
ǧ߽״а뵽
Ҷǳû׼ʱָĻᣬɱǸǧ߽״֮ϻȭɱ˹
죬˭ҲߣҶǳ׼һ򾡣ϾѾ¶˻ͻý磬Ǿ;Բߡ
ĻһĻͻý籩¶ǵȥ֮ǧĸһûնɱ
ˣҶǳʱһҲԼʵˣֱսȫɱǰǧ߽״
ϣһɱǶӲˣλǧ߽״ڵǿߴ
Ѿ֣ڻ֮Уٶȱ࣬Ӳߡ
ΨнҶǳɱܻ
ңΪˣǿɱҶǳġ
ϾҶǳֻһˣһֻ״ڣԽɱУѵ󾳽Բɣ
ϧ֪ҶǳܹԽ󾳽硣

Ҷǳǧ߽״񲻽ܣԼɱʱЦѡ
·㲻ߣ㴳ٵ˻ˡ
¡¡
£Ҷǳսȫȭӵ˼£һֲĽɫȭӡܲգŶǧ߽״ɱȥ
ǧ߽״񣬺ܿȭĺ£ܵ˲пʵ
ʲôʵ
ǾҶǳĿԽ󾳽磬ϻͻý磬ȫԸ˽׵Ĵһսˡ
ԣǧ߽״񣬶ʱܵ˲صĽѵ
ңʱǼҪܶˡ
ΪѾҶǳشˣûãֱҶǳɱһλǧ߽״
ʣµǧ߽״ѾˣҶǳսȻͷܡ
ʱѾˡҶǳЦһ׷Ǹǧ߽״ڵߣնɱȥ׷Ǹǧ߽״ڵߡ
ɱҡҡҿԸǧߵλãȻҶǳ׷ɱǧ߽״ڵ߳Ҷǳ
䣡Ҷǳһȭ˹ȥǧ߽״Ѫʧȥս
ң֪ǧߵλõģҶǳӡ˵Ϊ֮Ͻ˵أȻһɽ֮ʴˡ
ǧ߽״æ˵ȷĲɱҲУռģҪƭңҸղѾռģѹ츳ôǿԽ󾳽ɱС
ǧ߽״Ȼ֪ԻûãҶǳռͲһˡ
һҶǳԺΥԣռͻܵɣȻ˲ռҪټͷǳˡ
ǧ߽״ܹ뵽Ψһ취
ҪҷĲɱ㣿
ҶǳһĮؿǰǧ߽״漴ڶԷŵĿУһȭɱˡ
ΪΪʲôǧ߽״֪ҶǳΪʲôҪɱԼ
ϾҶǳʵ֪Щǧߵ䣬ǾԿɱĵˣӶø档
ҶǳҪģǷŹһ˶ѣô㶼ܻ㡣
ǿЦ֪ҵĻͻý磬ҷŹ㣿ôܣ
Ҷǳǧ߽״ʬ壬һЦ벻м
Ļͻýûб¶Ļ˺ϧ־ж¶ˡ
һŹ˴ˣԺ˽֪ǧĸ߲㣬ǻ鷳
ҶǳȻ̰ɱ˵Ӵ棬Ҳ˱¶ԼĵƣԼΣ֮С
ٶ棬ҲҪȥʹá
οҵѾܴˣ˲̫̰ġҶǳ΢΢һЦ˵ƺ֮󣬱ת뿪˴˵ء
һɱλ߽״ֵ5000Ʒʯ500սѾ׬ˡ
˾޴棬ҶǳѾˣûʲô棬ˡ
οоŰٶʱ䣬ôܻûһ档
ҹȻûв´񣬵ȷһӴԴ
γȥ֮󣬻ҿһ˽״񾳽硣
ʱǳأ񼶱ǿ⣬ҵĶˡ

Ҷǳ뵽
漴Ѱǧߵټµԡ


1850 
ĵĳѨ֮У100ǧߣۼ
Ϊ׵һλ߽۷λ߽׺ڴ񣬶λ߽ڴԼλ߽׳ڴ
ʣµģ㶼״ˡ
ʱΪ׵߽۷ɨǰˣղȥΧһλղ̨߽׳ڴ߽״Ѿȫˡ
ʲô
˻һѨڵȫȻɫ䡣
߽״ȥΧһ߽׳ڵĴ񣬾ȻʧˣʧҲˣȻˡ
ң߽״֮Уһλ߽ڵĴ
Щˡ
ǾԲֻһղ̨߽״ǿ϶ܵղ̨Ǳߵղ̨Ķ߽״ˣֻˣǲŻȫ
ֻΪ׵߽۷˵ʣܵԱ͵ϮˡεֻǼ߽״֪Լϸ϶С
ǧ߽״ԣɵûһۣÿ˵жžͻɡ
ϧ˭û֤ݣ֪˭Ǽϸ
ܲȫɱɣ
Ϊ׵߽۷Ҳ޿κΣ˵Ϊ޷ȷϸ˭ԽҾôж֮ǰǻɱĵ߻ʣһˣղ̨ǱֻʣʮˣռݾƵġֻҪСĵ㣬һλĵսӮˡ
Զ˵ͷ
Ͼ֮жмϸˣȥһжǾǻᱻϸһһ򾡡
ϧǸ֪ղ̨ļϸǻЩ״֮У߽״֮иûмϸ
ǧ߽״İֻΪãҶǳ
ԣղ̨߻ռݾƵġ

ͬĳѨ֮С
Ÿǰȫȥ̽ϣҡͷе̽϶ˣѾʧȥղ̨Щ˵ˡ
ȻЩ̽϶ˣŸΪղ̨˾ˡ
Ҫ֪ǧǱߴϢƺղ̨廹ʣʮˡ
ʣЩ˶Ƿ̽ϵĴڣǰɱ̽ϣŶŸļӡ
ԴˣŸû취ٰǧ壬ֻܿԼˡ
ǧ廹ʣһˣղֻ̨ʣʮˣⶼӮǧ˾Ͷǰ׳ˡŸЦһ漴ȴĵս
˾޴ƣǧο϶Ӯ
ȻûӮǸҲûйϵˣѾ˴󹦣Ȼȥ֮ǧ϶ѽʹ͸
ⷽ棬ǧ廹һǳõģϾûõĻҲû˻ᵱǵļϸˡ
Эǧɱղ̨һٶˣǧҵʹ̤߽ͣ״ӽ˽״пܡŸڴš
Ϊʲôðյϸ
Ϊ̫ˡ
Ϊ˱ǿղ̨壬˵ʲô⡣

ʵ⡣
ǧİ˽׸ֿ¶֣ʱ˵ĴЦһλĵսǧӮˡ
棬ղ̨İ˽׸׸գһ
Ϊղ̨ɫֻ֣ʣ35ˡ
ǧĺ֣ȴ100ˡ
10035ôǧǱӮˡ
̫ˡ
׸Ҳֻ漣ˡ

ĵĳɭ֮С
Ҷǳ˿̱λǧ״Χˡ
磬Ǻðոӳжһ񣬶һ׳ڵĲ񣬼ֱǼĻʯһǧڴ˵
ԱߵǧߣҲ׵Ĵ񣬲һڵģһǺڵġ
״񣬶ԸҶǳһ׳ڵĴ񣬾ֵ
ˣǲŷǳš
ǲ֪˿̣ҶǳУǧߣҲŵĻʯ
ðָ300Ʒʯ30սˬҶǳǰˣ뵽
ɱ
֮˫ɱ
һɱǧ״񳹵±ˡ
ΪҶǳĻͻýһҶǳɱһˣʣµҲҶǳش
һ̣ǲŷǰֻ״Ϊղ̨ߣǶôĿֲ
һֱǰϻ
ûãǧ״񣬱Ҷǳȭ£ΪսƷ
һɱ״Ѿ24ˡˣղǵĻƺǧѾжˣǿԾǣ
Ҷǳɨս֮һ뿪˵أһ˼š


1851 
ʵһֱҶǳڻĵϵƣЩƲ⡣
Ÿİǧ϶ռϷ磬Ͼ֮ǰļӣѾǧġжˡ
ãλʵǿġ׳ڴ񡯣ǧҲͲʧˡ
ԣҶǳȥڻĵϣǧ϶ռơ
ղ̨ǱߵҲǰ׳գڳԹһο֮󣬿϶µԼϱ˶λֶΡ
ϾĵôƾʲôҵõңٶȻô죡
ԣֻҪӹһǧΧɱͲµԼСλĴڣ϶ѲӶ̽ϡ
ÿ˶ӹΧɱģղ̨ο϶ʧܴ
ˣҶǳŻڻĵϣǧռƵġ
ӸղǧߵĻǧѾ޷ղ̨ˣԲж
ǧռƣ϶ڵĴѰղ̨ߵ䣬ղ̨٣ҲȴᣡҶǳ뵽
Ļᡣ
ǧڻĵϼѰղ̨ߵʱ򣬳ģܳûոЩˡ
ĻǧҲѧղ̨һҶǳ鷳ˡ
£Ҷǳٶȳһɱȥ
ҪɱһЩǧˣȵĵս֮սŲһ޷һӴĶעˡ
ǿǼֵ߰ǧƷʯ
Ҷǳпʹ⣬һҪӮ

ΪǧٵԵʣʱ䣬ҶǳܹǵļҲԽԽС
ǵҶǳٶȻɱ߰λǧ֮ʣµǧ״񣬶ŵöˡ
ֻм߽״жǽ˵޴ĵֱһѱҶǳ
һꡭʮꡭꡭꡭ
ʱţҶǳϵڻĵѰǧ䡣
ǧԽԽˣʮҲһǧߡ
ҶǳͣԼɱˣǾ޷ɱаһҲ޷ӮȡǴʵĶעˡ
ˣҶǳڽʱÿ춼ڻĵϹȥѰǧЩߵӰ
תۼ䣬Ű޼
ҶǳϥһɽϣԼսƷ
ղնɱһλǧߣһһλ߽׳ڵĴ
ЩĳɹĿǰһɱˣ߽״񣬣״
ս֪ܲеһ
Ҷǳ뵽
ԼսѾֲܿˣһ߽۷񣬿Ҳһɡ
ǣҶǳĻ⡣
Ͼǧղ̨ߵа˼ϸղ̨ʧܴһǧλ߽۷лɱ˴ղ̨ߣǾпܻᳬ
ϧû취նɱ
ҶǳЩź
ʵһǰҲǧλ߽۷񣬶һͶԷսһ
ǽƾʵѹһɱԷ
ԣʱҶǳûб¶ͻý硣
ǿϧˡ
ˣҪ˵һҲûϵεջʵѾܴˡ
ΣҶǳҡҡͷûټᡣ
Ͼεջȷܴ󣬲ԣǷǳ
״񣬿ԶһƷʯͣս
߽״񣬿ԶһƷʯͣս
ƷʯǧڵսѾԶԶǱʶעĽˡ
ԣûӮǱʽҶǳҲ׬ˡ
ҿһٽΪ߽״񾳽磬Ҳһ߽״񾳽硣Ҷǳ뵽
ԭҪΪģԺﵽŽ״񾳽磬ٷΪ
ξȻ׬ôƷʯȻҪһˡ
ϾΪ˫˫֮ʵҲӡ
̤߽״֮󣬶ԶԿŽ״ˣǳأ⣬Ѿû˿вˡҶǳ˸ʱǳصıǮ
ѵǿԳˡúһ洫
ʱҶǳ͸Ӧ֮еѹʧˣʶҲʹˣҲʹˡ
£ҶǳʶһɨʱͰĵˣҲЩߡ
ǧ廹ʣ£ˣղ̨Ҳֻʣ£ˣһΣǧӮˡ
Ҷǳʶһɨ֪ߵʱҡҡͷЩʧ
Ͼղ̨ӮˣֻҪŵղ̨ߣܻãƷʯͣս
ôһԴҶǳЩۡ
ϧ˺ڣЩǧ߶ˣʱıλãҲ


1852 һ
ǸСӾȻţ
ĵϣŸ߳صĵѨʶһɨĵʱͷҶǳӰɫһ䣬Щ˼顣
Űˣ״ڵôỹţ
ǧȺ˶ǰ׳պͷ
Ÿ̭ţоʵ̫˼ˡ
ڻĵսѾˣŸ֪ͨǧ˶ûˡ
СˣŸһҲûмᣬϾҶǳֻеһͣɱҶǳҲνǧӮˣѾܹõǧʹˡ
ҶǳŸҶǳҲûʲôޣɱ˾ɱˣҲ⡣
£Ÿŷ뿪˻ĵ
Ÿȴǲ֪ǧкܶ˾ҶǳУ֪Ļһ־ˡ
һȻţ
ͬʱҶǳҲŸټ΢΢һĨЦ
Ÿܹţ֮УϾԷǧļϸ
ҶǳҲòʲô֤ݣϾЩ̽Ѿˡ
οƾ̽ϣҲ޷֤Ÿǧļϸ
£ҶǳҲ̤ŷ뿪˻ĵ

Ųдļʮ߷ɳĵĵϿյٴιرˣȴһٴοĵս
μһλĵսߣûʸٲμһĻĵսˡ
ϧһûˣ
ҶǳЩؿ˻ĵһۣתͷղ̨Ǳߵս
λĵս׬ȡ˴ʵԴԼμӣѹΪҲμӵġ
ϧһ˾ֻܲμһΣ
ҶǳЩź̾˿漴սϡ
ȻСӣ˽׸տҶǳʱɴ۾š
ȻǵҶǳڳԵСӡ
СС׳ڴǵ棬עɱаһ
ʱ׸վСǷˣû뵽ҶǳȻŻˡ
ǰþò˾¥֮ԼҶǳ׸գ˿ܺõɵõ٩
׸ҲЦСãôпܻϧղ̨ˣûлЩĽˡûϵȻصϷ嵺ҰȾơ
ӦҶǳģݣȻˣ
ͶлǰˣҶǳҲûоܾ׸յʵֵýύ
ǺǣܻžͺãԺúŬ׸Ҷǳļ
ȻҶǳһֱ㵽ûʲôջ
ҶǳҲ³׸յ˼ɵȻʧЦҲûнͣ׸ճ֪ġս
ͬʱǧҲѾһá
ղֻ̨ʣʮˣǧǱߵսֶ
ǧλ˽״Եúܸˣһؿ׸գ˵׸գղ̨Ŀңʣʮˣ⻹ǧԵʣһĵսǧͲˡ
Ŷһ⣬ֻӣ׸кǲˬȴ޷
Ͼ˾ˣ˲󣬷ղ̨嶪Ǹˡ
ˣȻһѾˣǸϽ߶󷨣ͨɱӻҪŻȥȾƣûϻ׸漴ߵһĲˬ
ǧİ˽״ٺЦͨʲôɱĿ϶ǧǿߣղ̨͵Ǯɡ
ÿһĵսӮҿׯҡ
ϴղ̨ӮˣԿ̵ղ̨塣
ǧһģһʼעǧӮɱҲǵһξԻӮȡʽ
׸Ҳֽ֪ԺۣϾβô״񣬻ʧʵԴʵ̫ˡ
ϴӮģζҪˡ׸հ̾Ϣ
ˣ׸ҲˣֻܽĿ⿴Զסĵ󷨡
ǧҲ󷨡
ڻĵ֮ɱᱻ󷨸¼˭ɱ˶ˣ¼˭Ҳ޷Ū١
׸գڴˣ϶ǧǿɱࡣǧλ˽״һ߶󷨣һһŵ˵
׸ûҲˡ
Ͼղ̨߲Ұܶ顣
ˡڴʱһ
˶ʱԶ󷨹Ļ¶һ֡
Щ֣ǻߣֵĺ棬ɱе
ڵڶλģȻǧǱߵ߽۷ɱλ߽״ʮһλ״սǳĿ
Ȼǧˣղ̨ˣȫһš
Ϊ˿µսȻֻڵڶ
ڵһˣҶǳ
Ҷǳɱ״񣵣ˣɱ߽״ˡһղ̨૳漴һ˼ؿҶǳ
ͬһʱ䣬ڳ˵Ŀ⣬Ҷǳ˹


1853 ޴ջ
ҶǳȻһ
찡ûпɣҶǳŽ״ڣ
Ҷǳ˭˭ܸҶǳ˭ǺηʥȻһ
ôܣ״ڣôԽɱô߽״񣿡
˰ɣ

ǧǱߵߣղ̨ߵߣȫһƬ
ϾҶǳʵڳܹ
״ڣȻѹλ߽۷񣬶ɱаһ
ʵ̫ˡ
׸նһĲţתͷɫĮҶǳ۾ɵϴ𾪵ģ
ҶǳЦɱûЩǵơ
˵գҶǳ˻֣Щɱǧߵȡ˳

Ҷǳ⼸ʮƣڳȫˡ
ûٸҶǳˣʵʵ֤ݡ
׸㶵ؿǰļʮƣٿ˿Ҷǳ̲סһˣû뵽㾹Ȼʵ
ܿ͸
ҶǳɱаһǧǱ߾Ͷˡ
һǾͽȴӮ˸Ǵƽˣʧ˶Դ
˵Ҷǳΰղ̨˴Դ
׸뵽̲סЦ
෴ǧİ˽״һ
û뵽󣬾Ȼ﷭ˡ
ôСʵ𣿡ǧİ˽״ļʮʵ
λ߽۷ԶҶǳһۣ漴ûһֻ״ڵΪʵȴ֮ϡΪĴڣʱ䣬ǲŶġĻܹղ̨ȫû
д£ǧ˽״ͫһ𾪣𺳲ѡ
׳ڵΪԽԿ߽۷ΪǺεȵţ
ľţǳظûгֹ
±Ͻ㱨峤ţԲɳȥض֮ҵĴСλǧİ˽״գϾʹ뿪ˣҲ˵һ䡣
ղ̨ߣɳҶǳ֮С
ʮղ̨ߣ׷׹Ҷǳк£ϵ
ǰûҶǳ׳ڵĴڣȴСҶǳˡ
Ҷ֣û뵽ʵȻôǿ
Ҷֿ϶ǾţܹԽɱС
Ҿ˵ΪʲôЩ׷ɱҵǧԽԽˣԭǱҶɱˡ
˵λҶ־һǿҪȫû

һǰлӶûҶǳ£ϵ
ȻҲϸлҶǳġ
Ͼںڵʱܵǧ׷ɱȫû
ֱǷǧ˶ˣҲ׷ɱˡ
һʼǻ֪Ϊʲôȴˡ
ԭ֮лҶǳ̬
Ҷ֣û뵽ʵôǿǻ׾ŸҲһֺõع£ϵ
ҶǳɫؿŸ΢΢ЦԱѣܹ󣬿Ҳʵ
ʲôʵҴáŸ˰֣漴Ҷǳ£ϵ
ҶǳҲûнҴŸϾû֤ݣװŲ֪Ÿһ
ߣǻϷ嵺ҰǺȾơ׸˹˴Ц
˵꣬׸ջҶǳЦСӣҴ۽磬ɱĺãղ̨˺ܴһʧ
ҶǳٺЦȻˣǰǲǶʹһʯ
׸۾һɣСӻҪʹͣɱеջ񣬶ֵƷʯˡŶˣ㻹ѺԼɱаһûǴĻѺٶƷʯ⽱߰ǧƷʯˣС׬ˡ
ҶǳٺһЦȷ׬ˣ׬ʵ̫ˬˡ
Χ׸յĻҲһƬ
漴һ˫˫Ľ񣬾ͶҶǳ
ŸҶǳĿ⣬Ҳһ˿ʡ
ҶǳջнڵƷʯһŽ״񾳽ˣôܲŸʡ
һ뵽ҶǳĿֲʵŸͽеļʸ
ϾǳҶǳǿߣðġ
οҶǳһţԺɾͲ
ֻύ£ϵҲһɽ
ŸȻǧļϸҲֻǸǧԺҪղ̨ߣȻҪύһЩǿߣҲܹȡһЩϢӶǧǱ߻ȡ͡
úúøùϵŸа뵽
ѾҶǳˣܹΪѡ
ϧȴ֪Ҷǳ֪ǧļϸˡ


1854 ع
Ϸ嵺
һ˻֮׸ϰϷ嵺ľ¥ȻҶǳˡ
Ȼ˶ġ
׸ҪĻҶǳһߺҶǳƱյһ߻졣
Ҷϵܣ츳ʵǿΪʲôȥղ̨ǣ츳ʵȥղ̨ǣһõղ̨ãɱ洳ǿˡ׸ʵ
ҶǳһƣЦ˵֮ǰѾݽţôȥˣӦþͨˣʱȥղ̨ǡ
ԭˣϸҲҪȥղ̨ǣұһȥ׸մҪҶǳùϵϾҶǳ츳̫ǿˣԺɾͲ
ҶǳԵ˵ͷЦ˵Ǿ鷳ϸ·ˣҶղ̨ǲϤʱҪϸָָ㡣
ٺ٣˵ϸһЦ漴˵츳ǿﵽ߽״񾳽֮ȫΪղ̨ػߡݲɣûԼҴҲǳá
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦ˵֮ǰҲ˽һЩлĻһΪػߵĿˡ
ʲôᣬʱϸҴȥˣλػҿǺϤ׸Լؿ˵
ҶǳȻһл
֮˱ֵˡ
Ҷǳ׸գŸ˴ѶƣֻҪ˫һڣܱ˴˸ӦõҷһЩ̵ѶϢ
Ϸ嵺ϣҶǳ׸Ƕܹϵ
ⶫǷܶ࣡
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
Ÿǿ鴫Ѷ֮󣬶ʱǸһĨЦ
һύңҪȡϢǧǱ߶ɱ⣬׼ʱǧǱͨйҵϢ١
Ҷǳв²⡣
Ÿύ϶ǲ⣬һǿȷġ
ҶǳҲҪŸϾһ֮ǰڻĵ϶ɱ֣ȻΪʵǿ󣬲һ٣õ˾޴ջ
ǲô˵Ÿˣǲݸĵʵ
Ҷǳһ˲ҲˣȻŸҶ֣Ȼ顣
οҶǳ֪ܹղ̨ץסһλ״񼶱ǧϸǻᱻһǧƷʯһս
ôĽͣҶǳȻ
Ѿ˺üƷʯˣǻʯⶫ¶ֻ࣬٣Զá

Ӿ¥֮ҶǳҲ֪ͨëˣǿҶǳƽҲͷˡ
Ҷǳջ񣬴ҶԵú棬׷״˹Ϣ
Сӣֱ˵ɣε׬˶Ʒʯëǳֱӵʵ
ҲֻҶǳĹϵôֱѯʣû˿˼ɡ
˾ͲһˣϾҶǳ˽˲Ƹ
ǺǣëĻҶǳЦЦ漴˵һһ22120Ʒʯ137ս
Ҷǳеһڳ˶ʱˡ
ëһŵƷʯԲۣñүΪǿֱŽ״Žף
ҶǳЦǧڹƾŽ״Žס
ë࣬ҡͷСȥΪɣСʵǿˣԺǴĻʯ
ҶǳҲûǫ飬˵ͷ˵Ҿȥˣʣµٸǡ
ë˶ûϾⱾҶǳջ񣬸ûһϵ
οֻҶǳǿˣǸҶǳߣܻøĺô
ŶˣСӦϷ嵺ˣʱǿ϶֪¼ȻϹ㡣ëͻȻ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵ҾģڻĵսŸոսϢݳȥҪһʱ䡣⣬Ҳпڱչ֮У֪ʲôʱܵõϢ
һǻüϷ嵺ȴˡëüѾǰղ̨ǵŰ
ҶǳҡͷЦⲻᵢʲô飬ǿȥղ̨ǣȻڲ츮ţĻ϶ҵ츮ġ
ϾҶǳϷ嵺ҲСˣ˴һ֪סڲ츮
ң֣ɾ֪Ҷǳס
ʱţ÷Ŀǰڵĵص㣬´ҶǳȥҰɼɡ
Ȼ㶼׼ǾͽˣʱǾղ̨ǵǵĺϢë֪Ҷǳ˼ƻĺȫ棬㲻ٵˡ
˼ڲ츮ȹʮ֮Ҷǳڵõͨ
ëˣȻϵ׸գ׼һͬǰղ̨ǡ
ҶǳЩǣŸȻҲȥղ̨ǣ׼Ҷǳһȥղ̨ǡ


1855 ִղ̨
׵Ѻþòɺã
ҶֻǷɰ
׸յսϣҶǳŸ˻
Ҷǳʵ׵׼ȥղ̨ǣҲ׼μػ߿𣿡
Ҷ˵ЦˣµʵΪػ߲ԶˡŸЦ
ȴЦӵȻΪģ츳ôãǧǱ߿϶ɱ㣬Ӹߣ׼ȷ֪١
ȻŸɲҰԼĵĻ˵ǸҶǳͿؽ̸һԶѡ
ҶǳʵҲЦ֪ŸǼϸҪҪҸᡣ
Ļƾ޾ݣҲɱղ̨Ѳߡ
ԣҶǳʱ͸ŸƤˡ
˵һЩûӪĻ˵ĹϵԽԽãʵϣǸ̥

뿪Ϸ嵺׸յսǰղ̨ǡ
׸λ˽״򣬴ϵ߶ǳģΪûʲôա
һ˵ؾղ̨Ǻܽղ̨ĸѲߡ
׸ǰ˽״񣬳˾Ž״񣬺ܹвĵˡ
ԣҶԵúܰģ졣
Ҷǳ򷢵Ÿ֮󣬱׸ն£Цʵϸ磬ղ̨ǻжã
׸֪Ҷǳʵ츳ܸߣԶǳЦǺǵʮʱ㹻ִ
ǺܽˣҶǳ˵ͷղ̨ǾϷ嵺ôҲΪ˷ơ
ļѣ׸Ƴһ۲Զëˣʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢Ц½ͬš
½׸ЩĽ֮½ɾͱˣҲ½ˣϾɣѾû˿ˣοʱȥ̫Զˡ
ҶǳЦЦ漴ʵŶˣôȥղ̨廹ûҵС𣿡
׸ɫʱһ䣬ؿһҶǳⲻģϾղ̨Ҳкܶǧļϸ
Ҷǳ˵ͷϸ֣ҲֻЩˣϾǧĸһֱղ̨ʵİ
׸һεشҲû취Сܴ˭ΣһֱûϵǡͺܺãСûΣաǳеΣ̫ˣʵҲż
ҶǳҲȷ׸վͲǧļϸûаԼղ̨ʶ˵
׸һҶǳȥͬëˡ

ʮʱתۼ
ǳصĳ죬ΰղ̨ǣڳҶǳ档
һǳ޴ޱȵĵ죬潨˸ʩһ󷨻֣죬һްһ
˺ΰ׳۵ĵ죬ҶǳҲǵһμɵ̾ѡ
ôһ찡
̫Ӵˣֱ߼ʡ
Ȼֻһ죬ǰ֪ղ̨ǣҶѾǽ˻½ˡ
Ļ½жôӴ󣿡

ëЩ粻õ£˿Ҳǰղ̨Ǹסˣһѡ
׸չЦ߰ɣȥղ̨ǣ
˵գ׸վս˷׷̤ŷ󣬽ղ̨ǡ
ڽ󷨹ĻʱϵġԶʧˡ
֮ǰղ̨ʱղ̨Ƿŵղ̨ǵĻǴģֻһƷ
ҲǣҶǳ뿪ղ̨֮ǾҪȥϷ嵺롣
鷳Ҳղ̨ǵķ
ԣղ̨ǲŻ̲ߡ
ǧղ̨쵽ִµλӣղ̨¡
Ҷϵܣղ̨ǹţһȥػҪƼšʱʲôʱȥμӿˣʲôʱȥ׸ճҶǳ˻֣뿪ˡ
ҶǳŸ˵׵ѣҲ뿪ˣ´ټ
Ҷ롣ŸЦŵ˵ͷղ̨ϣǶб˴µĴѶƣܸӦ˴˵λãҲҶǳͻȻȥ
ҶǳҲֻǸŸ£ֱӴë뿪ˣȥղ̨¥һۡ
ͬҪսܹ򣬶Ҫսǳ࣬ҪһսµĴܹġ
״Ҳûôսղ̨ǹһۡղ̨ǣȥסջġ
Ҷǳһǧսںһս͹һۡõؾסղ̨ǡ
Ϊղ̨ǵþסȨԺëҲܰȫܶ࣬Ͼǳǿ֮ܲһ
Ժǵ¼ˣ
뿪ղ̨¥֮󣬱һոµĸۡǰҶǳҸΪ󡯡


1856 ս
ղ̨ס֮Ҷǳûмȥղ̨ΪȥԷҲ
ϾҶǳڻֻһСС״񣬶Է񣬲ŲҶǳ
ԣҶǳ׼ΪϵĻʯõ
ЩʯֻֻнתΪʵǵġ
ëҲڱչΪ

һ򱶵ʱٴ֮С
ҶǳóƷʯų𣬿ʼʯԼΪ
ʱš
ҶǳƷʯȫҪʱ̫ˣʱע
ʱٴ󣬿԰һ򱶡
һǧƷʯ֮ҶǳΪ߽״񾳽硣
һƷʯʱҶǳҲ߽״񾳽硣
Ϊ˫˫ҶǳսһӴﵽ˰˽״۷塣
ټϻͻý磬аպ;Ž״ڵǿһսˡ
⻹û꣬ҶǳһƷʯڼš
һΣҶǳûѡˣǽΪ
ںķǧƷʯ֮ҶǳΪﵽ˰˽״񾳽硣
ټǧƷʯҶǳΪ˰˽״ڡ
ʱҶǳսѾ˾Ž״ڡ
սֱԺǳأѾû˿вõҶǳˡ
ȻҲһķҶǳڵƷʯ

ڡ
Ҷǳ
һķѵʱ̫ˣǧꡣ
⻹磬ʱٴڣѾǧˡ
ʱҶǳѾûлʯˣһķƷʯ
ʣµǧƷʯҶǳͽָëˡ
ջȣҶǳεʵ̫ˡ
Ϊﵽ˰˽״ڣҲﵽ߽״ڣʵսȾŽ״ڡ
ټϻͻýԺ;Ž״ڵǿһսˡ
ʵǳؾǶеĶ⣬񣬱ǿˣҲûˡ
ǽǴˣ
Ҷǳһ뿪ʱٴһ˼š
ĻʯѾˣҽҪҪĻʯ͸ˡ
Ҫڶʱڻôʯѣܹղ̨´ղ̨ӦûһЩ
ԣ˼һ֮ҶǳջǾղ̨ȡŽ״񾳽Ļʯ
ҶСӣڳˣ
ڴʱëӭˡ
ѾˣϾѾȥǧˣϵĻʯѾˡ
ҶǳָǵǧƷʯҲëǸˡ
һ֮ë˵Ϊͻͽһﵽ״񾳽磬Ϊղ̨Ѳߡ
ǳأҲһˡ
Ҷǳǵʵô࣬ҲͷˣϾʵѾԱˡ
״ʵֻҪȥǧǱߵĵֻ̣ղ̨ߣʻǸߴٷ֮ʮŵġ
Ҷ֣˶ΪѯʵҲؿ˹ȴҶǳĻش
ҶǳȻЦ˵Ѿﵽ˰˽״ڣʵսȾŽ״ڡ
ŽڣԲۣëʱһ
Ҳһ𺳡
Ž״ڣʵѾվǳص۷ˡ
ϾǳأҲֻǧղ̨λ
ʣµǿߣֻоŽ״ˣּǿҲࡣ
ԣҶǳѾǳǿ֮ˡ
⣬Žȥǧʱѡ
Ҷǳʱ䣬Ȳһ״񣬶ȴô̵ʱڣӵ˿ȾŽ״ʵǿֲ
ë˸пѣҶǳ̫̬ˡ
Ҷǳǣ˵ǽԼղ̨ǹɣһЩʲôҪǻ
û⣬ԸæȥɣڵʵԴǳˣò㱣ë˰֡
Ҳ˵ͷѾԱʵǾûҪҶǳˣϾҶǳԼҪǵıķֲСӡ
״ʵǻǳػȥҲ̫ˡ

ëˣҶǳȥػ׼ΪػߵĿˡ
Ƽţ׸Ѿˡ
ò˵ղ̨ʵ̫ˣҶǳٶȣҪһ£ִܵػ
ڵݳ׸յƼ֮Ҷǳͺ˳ؽػûܵʲô鷳
ػڣҶǳػϣһλǿߡ
˿ѾǾŽ״۷壡Ҷǳǰˣһ漴˵ϣμػ߿ˡ
ػ۾ǰҶǳжȻĹâȵ׸˵ֻ״߽״񣬵û뵽ȻѾ̤˰˽״񾳽硭㵽˭


1857 
Ҷǳ֪ԼΪ̫ˣԷỳԼҲϾ̤߽״񾳽磬һԾ˰˽״ڣԾʵ̫ˡ
ҶǳԵ÷ǳ򶨣ǰʶѾػϣһ򶨵˵ػϣڻĵս֮лڵƷʯ׸պôԴҽ˽״񾳽кβɣ
ػϿҶǳһЦԴ㹻ˣͻƿأڻĵսеı֣ͻ߽״񾳽粻⡣Ǵ߽״񾳽ͻƵ˽״ƿôô̵ʱͻƣ
ҶǳȻͻƿǶʾڣûͻƿ
ȻҲΪռͻԵʡ
£Ҷǳ͵ػϣ׸ûиҵ츳״񾳽磬ܻ߽״۷弶ǿߣҵ츳ͻΪƿѡ
ػ΢΢üͷ׸յȷҶǳ˹ע
ֻǣǧʱ䣬ʹ״񾳽˰˽״ڣʵ̫ˡ
˵ҶǳţҲǧļϸ
Ͼǧּţ϶ڼУһĸǱղ̨
ϾҶǳ츳кܴʿԽΪġϸʵ̫ˣǧǰ׳գŻ顣
ͷһػ϶Ҷǳʱ¶ЦݣһǸǸҶѣˡ
Ҷǳ˰֣ػҲΪǡ
֪ػλãղ̨ϵӵܲʸʤεģǲղ̨塣
Ҷǳ׸Щˣաղ̨Զػλõġ
ȻҶǳ뿪ղ̨ģҲͲں
ҶѣҪΪػߣ߽״Ϊһ㣬ҶѾˡ
ֻػϼ˵ػ߿ˣһ֣һץһǱղ̨е״񼶱ļϸڶ֣ǻɱһλ߽׵ǧǿߡ
ػϿҶǳЦ˵֣һ֣ͨˣΪղ̨ػߣλͬڴ͵
ҶǳԲɵ˳˼˵ȷѰǼϸǸͨĵͼϸñϣο״񼶱ļϸصľ͸ˡ
Ҷǳ֪һǾŸɺˣҪлĵսȻҲ֪Ÿϸ
ڵڶ֣ѶȾ͸ˣϾǧ߽״ǧĵ̣Ǳǧĵ̣ڵĵ죬ɱһλǧ߽״
ѶȾͺܴˣϾ˼еϵĻټ£ҪɱԷҲס
οɱǧ߽״˼ҵĵ̣ҪӳȥҲѡ
ҶǳܵǧȥֻɱһЩ״񣬱ǵ߽״׷
ɱǧ߽״񣬿һȺ˽״;Ž״Ҫ׷
ȻҶǳڵʵҲмְա
ҶǳǾôŸͻƱȽϺá
һŸгһڻĵսһΣҶǳнĴ㡣
ԣѡŸʺˣûʱܵǧǱȥˣǸ·Ҫܾá
뵽Ҷǳػϸȥˡ

뿪ػҶǳȥղ̨¥
׼ŪһڸΪװϾǰ˽״ڣΪʵ̫ҫˡ
ΪȥŸԷ϶ǳ裬¶ŵġ
ղ̨¥
ղ̨ǵղ̨¥ǳӴղ̨¥Ҳȫղ̨¥㼸ԹǳصһƷ
߽ղ̨¥ҶǳǿΪϾһŮǰӭ
ǰʲôЧ͵ģŮ˵˽׵Ĵ񣬶˵Ǿǿߡ
ҶǳĮ˵ڸΪװܹҵΪڸ߽״ڣ
Ů˼Ƭ̣漴ͷǰΪҪڸףֻмƵܰڸΪˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷҲ֪˽״񼶱ΪôصģŽ״Ҳ첻
Ǽ֮ǣȻ԰õ
£Ҷǳ˵ͷ˵һöֵս
ûʼֵƷʯˣΪƵı϶ֻսܶһƷʯȡġ
οҶǳһƷʯûˡ
ǰһöֵһսŮæ˵


1858 ͬ
һսȻܹ󣬶ܹղ̨ǹһۡˡ
Ҷǳ˵ȴǲ󣬷һǧսºķһ
һö֮Ҷǳ뿪ղ̨¥·ѾԼΪαװ״۷塣
ӦòŸɡ
ϾλĵսôƷʯ״ڽ״۷壬ֱ̫ˡ
׵׼ȥϷ嵺ѲһҪҪһȥҶǳŸһϢ
׵ѲǣʱҲԼĺһѲӣ˻ҲһӦԲ֡
Ҷǳãϴڻĵս¶ǿ츳ǧǱҪ
ʱȥŸ϶Ὣٸ֪ǧ壬ʱǧͻ˹ˡ
ͿˣҶǳóһӰʯһЦ
ȵŸ¶ݺӰʯͻ¼һУʱٽŸնɱɴ󹦸ˡ
գҶǳ㳯ͷȥ

ͬʱһջڣŸȻ۾óͨѶһÿҶǳϢ
һȥϷ嵺ѲӣŸ۾
ΪһǱߣͨᱣָľ裬һ뵽ıҶǳǲʲôı
ܿ;ԼˣϾڻĵսʱҶǳûм棬ԷӦò֪ǼϸŶԡ
뵽ŸЦһ뵽·㲻ߣ㴳ȻԼұȫ㡣
ȥǧˣǧѾϢֻҪæɱҶǳܻһƷʯĽ
˷ĽֱȻĵսǴλõĻҪĶࡣ
ԣŸĶˣһǷǳĶ
ĵսǴҴﵽ״۷壬Ҫ˶ұ̤߽״񾳽硣ٵõһƷʯĽҽ߽״۷壬̤˽״񾳽磬ֻʱ⡣ŸлεĽʵ̫ˡ
ΣգҪһΡ
οΪҶǳ֪Ǽϸ
ӦֻͨһѸ٣ҶǳŸղ̨ǲãǸˣԸĻϤԲҡλᣬ´δˡŸ뵽
漴ԥػѶҶǳӦҶǳһȥϷ嵺Ѹ١
ͬʱŸ˵ӣʼͷ
ҶǳͬŸӣһֱڿջоס

ղ̨ͷ
ҶǳܿͿŸԶ
Ҷ֣ŸЦݣ͸Ѽһ֪˻ΪҶǳء
ҶǳҲֵøŸװЦ˵׵ЩΪѾﵽ״۷徳磬һΪλᳬԽ׵أ
Ҷǳһ۾ͿŸΪ״۷徳硣
ŸҲҶǳΪﵽ״۷徳磬ɵЦ˵ҶֲǶ۵ԴһͻƵ״۷徳硣
ҶǳЦ㵱ϸǧǱ׬İɡ
ϣҶǳȴЦ˵Ҳã˵Ϊ߽״񶼲ˡ
Ҷ˵ЦˣΪʲôҶǳʵǿ״ڶԽԿ߽״۷壬ڿ¶ܸ˽״ڿ˰ɡŸǫ֮䣬ȴһ˿̽
ҶǳҲҴŸһŵ˵ǿԸ˽׳ڵĴ񿹺⣬˽״ڵľ͵·ˡ
Ÿ𾪲ѣȴǱֳһ֮̾ɫҶֹȻ츳Ⱥ̤кܴʡ
ȴ뵽Һθ֪ǧǱ߶ɼ˽״δؿκεҶǳ
ǵģ֮ǰѾѶǧˡ
ղ̨ǷǿʵҲвǧļϸ˽ȻǧҲͲˡ
Ҳղ̨²׻ԭʵǲ֪˭˭пܸǧͨ籨š
ղ̨ԼˣпܶǹĴж̰ġ
ϾֻҪõǹĴУҲܹΪ񣬵ʱͲղ̨֮ˣЩղ̨ĸ߲㣬˭᲻̰ģ
νļ꣬ǹĴǰҲԵò԰
ȥϷ嵺˳㿴ûзǵϢҶǳ뵽
Ÿ򵥵һ֮˱̤ŷ뿪ղ̨ǡ

ղ̨ǸĳսϣʱվߴӰһɢǿϢȻһɫĶǰ˽״
Ϊ׵һλ˽׺ڴ˵ǵĿһ۷ĴǱСһĵսĵһ״ڵʱ򣬾ܻ߽״۷ǿߣǸţҲҪԭ򡣡
Խһ˵츳ֲڶܶԿ˽״ˣѹּλһԳˡ
űǰδһ񡣡

ʣµļɫޱأжʱСҶǳˡ


1859 ǧ·
ҶǳŸ˳صִϷ嵺
Ҷǳǵ֮󣬶Ÿ˵ȥۡȥϡ
ãŸЦص˵ͷȴЦúʱɣʱ䣬ЩǧǿߣϷ嵺Ӧúܽˡ
ŸҲףϷ嵺ط֣ܳһҪ뿪Ϸ嵺Ϸ嵺ǾͿˡ
ѾҶǳʵǧ壬ǧǱ߿϶̩ɽѹһԲҶǳĻᡣ
Ÿĵصȴţһ׬ˣԺһʱˡ
Ϸ嵺
ҶǳŲػ󷨣ڲ󷨵ʱ˱ʶݵĹܣֻҪǰɺղ̨£ǾͿ󷨣ɽ벹
Ϊػ󷨵ĲߣҶǳһ۾Ϳǰ˽ʣǿ϶ǰɺղ̨ǣ½롢ǡ
˵ȥǧʱ䣬ǵȷпܷ磬ǷˣҲûжʵ޷ϵϷ嵺
ϣûзɣȻûҷָҲҲǡҶǳа롣
ܹҵëˣǿָǾûˡ
ԣҶǳϣǷٵԼҵػ½ķʽٽҲ١
ͷһתҶǳѾ߽󷨣˲
ȻһϤϢӦǰɺղ̨¡
Ҷǳ̽ʶʼɨۡúһϣһ侧ʯ
Ҷǳ֣ǿ侧ʯʱ˹ġ
Ҷǳ֮侧ʯ϶ʱͶһϤӰǰɡ
˵ʦҵˣϳ󷨣ʦǵϢҶš
ȻǰɵӰ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҲЩҵˡ
ղ̨£¿ջһƷʯˡ
ΪԽߣҶǳԽҪʯû취ٴΪ
ʦҳ˵Ϸ嵺ݵС͵Ƶչһ𡣡˵꣬㻯Źâʧˡ
ɺܴûж˵ʲôղֶ̨ûᵽ
ԣ˵õ侧ʯҲֻΪʦͽط꣬ûʲô˵ģҲ뵽ղ̨ȥ
Ҷǳ˼侧ʯ뿪˲
ݵƵҶǳǳصĵͼѰţܿҵ졣
ݵϷ嵺һ͵죬ƵݵС͵죬Ϸ嵺ǺԶ
ȹȥղ̨£Ȼղ̨ǡҶǳ˵գͷ
ŸҶǳɵЦʵҶ֣鶼𣿡
Ҷǳ΢΢Цһ¶Ѿˣ߰ɡ
ŸװŲʵǴ￪ʼѲӡ
ҶǳйâһµŸȷλãӶ֪ǧˡǧˣѾ⸽ˡ
Щ˿϶ŸĴѶƣҲǴϢ
еһҶǳ㲻˵ʹݵʼɡ
ŸȻûҶǳܿҪˣѡĿĹء
ݣ
̤ŷ󣬶ʱʧʡ
뿪Ϸ嵺ӽݵʱǿϢʱΧٶҶǳŸΧˡ
Ҷǳʱɫ䣬ȵ׵Сģǧǿˡ
һԵŸȴͻȻҶǳһξ롣
ҶǳԶȥŸʱһ㶡ȻװģУѾӰʯ
ৣڴʱǿӰʱҶǳΧˡ
ˣȻǰ˽״һ˻ǰ˽״ڡ
ŸվԱߣȴһЦݵؿҶǳ
ҶǳɫʱҧгݵصŸŭ㣬ǧͨϢģǧļϸ
ŸһЦݵؿҶǳ΢΢Ц˵ϸ̫ˣұǧˣҽǧ·硣
ǧ·磿ҶǳЩϤȻʲôüʵǧʲôˣ
Ÿ΢΢һ㶣漴ЦҵĴ磬ϧǸ̫ˣѾ°ղ̨£ȻˣǷһ
Ҷǳйâһ˾ȻǧֵĵܵܣЩ⡣ô˵ץסˣ֪ǧֵ䣬ǧֹ
ǧֿ϶֪½λãԣֻҪҵǧ֣ҵȥ·ˡ
ҶǳֱɱŸڿʱһˡ
ͷһţҶǳɫغȵһǧ·磬ô˵ڻĵս֮У¶λõģˡ
㻹㱿ŸЦһЦе˵ڳʱҾϷ̽ϣϧʵ̫ǿˣЩҵ֮⣬ûڻĵսʱɱ㡣Ҳã츳ԽǿԽɵҲԳû׬һˡ
ҶǳЦӰʯ¼ЩŸĻȷŸļϸˣɱˡ


1860 ɨ
ŸĻ֮Ҷǳɫʱͱˣһ˿ŭֻһƬ򶨺Ͳм
ǰŸҶǳЦŸ㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣղ˵ĻѾҵӰʯ¼ˡ
˵գҶǳеӰʯҴ߶֮һͶӰŸղ˵һĻĻ档
ȻӰʯ
Ÿ״ɵɫһ䣬һϸ˵ĵıӰʯֶһֱĵ±֪һϸ
ŸܿͷӦˣΧǧİ˽״񣬶Ҷǳֻһ״ʲô
뵽ŸؿҶǳЦҶǳ㼴¼ʲôã׼ȥٱ𣿺Ǻǣλǧǰڴˣɡ
ϻôʲôֱΪ׵һλ˽׺ڴ̲סһ漴ʾһλǧİ˽׳ڴȥɱҶǳ
ȻǧΪԷһλ˽״񣬵ǲΪҶǳܹ˽״
ֻΪǧѡʨӲȫҶǳ˿
Ҷǳ׼ɣŸ״ЦźȥûԶԶ̤ŷ׼ۿҶǳһĻ
ҶǳһЦǰ̤ŷǧ˽׳ڴѾһѽһ㳯ŶԷնɱȥ
С
ǧİ˽׳ڴһֱһƺɱûжãȻûҶǳ״
ϾλҶǳ츳ٸߣҲԽɡ
ϧ̫͹Ҷǳˡ

ҶǳкһȵľǶԷ⣬ȫսʩչռһգֲƷһ㣬˲ͽǰǧ˽״ûˡ
ʲô
Զļˣȫʧɫš
ǰ˽״һϣɱ
СΪϣһΧɱ
ȻΪ

ʣµĸǧİ˽״񣬶ʱɫ䣬漴׷׳ȥҶǳΧ
Ȼǰ˽״ôôǿŸ˿Ҳ̿ˣŵؿŲԶҶǳ
ɱҶǳڸɵһǧİ˽״֮󣬱ٶȻӽն˽״񽣷âչֳĪ˲ͽĸϮİ˽״ˡ
ĸǧİ˽״¶ŵĿ⣬һ𾪵ؿҶǳгš
ȻӵоŽ״ս
ѾǿԶԸˡ
鱨ʵµǲλŽ״ܽնɱ

ĸǧİ˽״һƬ漴ŵ÷׷Ҫߡ
ȻѾ̫ˡ
򣡡
ý磡
ҶǳĵѾȫչֳˣ޾Ļ𣬳˷ӳȥƬض档
ͬʱһ޴Ļý磬Ҳ˲併٣ڳ˶û˽ȥ
ҪߵŸͻýûˡ
ôôǿⲻܣܰŸŵɫɷףڷӴܣԼٶȱԽԽΧĻҲıˣ޾Ļþһʱ䶼ѡ
ĸǧİ˽״ڻͻý֮ڣʵҲ½࣬䵽߽״ȥˡ
Ҷǳһ㽫һնɱһȭɱȥҵȭӡЯһ˸ɱˡ
ռȭҶǳչֵ쾡£һնɱλǧİ˽״ֻʣһ˽״ڵǿߣԶ
˵ʵǰ˽״ڣԾлýͻŰ˽״ʵٶȿһЩ
ٿҲ첻ҶǳܿͱҶǳ׷ˡ
㾹Ȼӵ˿ֲ򣬻лý磡
ǧİ˽״ǿߣЩŵصҶǳƣһƬ𺳣Щֵ츳ֻҪ˾Ž״񾳽磬¶ܸһսˣͻý磬ڴս֮ӵ͵ãǧˡ
ʶҶǳĿֲ츳лͻý磬֪δǧĴС
ȵҶǳΪһ˶ǧ塣
ȥɣ
Ҷǳ俴һۣ漴ռȭһ𱬷貵Ľ⣬ҵȭӡЯſֲһƬ󺣣˽״ڵǿ߸ˡ
ûвҽ˱Ҷǳɻˡ
Ҷǳ漴ŲԶŸȥŸҲܵҶǳĿ⣬ʱһ䣬ɫŵòҰһƬ


1861 ջ
Ÿ˿̻䣬ɫɷףдſ־֮ɫû뵽ҶǳȻɵؾնɱ˽״񼶱ǿߣеš
ǿ˽״񣬿ɲʲôײˣѾǳصĶˡ
ǣҶǳǰ͸вһ򵥣Ͱ˽״ˡ
Ÿ䵽˼㣬֪Լˣˡ
Ÿ
ŸʱҶǳѾŸǰ
ŸûмˣΪ֪ҶǳĻͻý֮УӲ
Ҷ֣û뵽صôķڷŸǰҶǳ֮ɫ̲ס̾˿
ղ̨嵱ϸʱõһ졣
ϾǱļϸҲб¶ʱ
Щ꣬ʵŸĵԼ˵ݱ¶Ǹǧ彻ʱݱ¶Ǳ˸ˡ
֮ЩŸСԴÿһ鶼ǳӺͽǽҶǳ
ŸһؿǰҶǳȻЦҶ֮ʣǧ꣬״Խ˰˽״񣬻Ž״սټͻý磬ȵҶֽ̤񾳽磬ǳضҪͳˡ
һսҶǳ¶ȫƣŸǳ϶Ҷǳһͳǳء
ΪҶǳ츳̫ˣŸô츳ߵߣ˵лͻýˣƣҶǳͬ޵С
һҶǳﵽ񾳽磬ǧļղ̨ļҶǳĶ֡
ҶǳҰĵĻͳǳظ⡣
ȻҶǳûȤǰһŸ˵һʽףֻҪǧֵҾͰǰһԸΣ
Ÿһ㶣漴ɻʲôʶ
㲻ùܣֻҪҪͬ⣬߲ͬ⡣Ҷǳߵ
Ÿйâһҿ԰ץסǧֵģ÷һ
óҶǳƺҪץסǧ֣ӹһ١
ֻҶǳԾЦˣҵĵƣɣΪܹҪЮң
Ÿæ˵Ҷ֣ҿ԰㱣ܣҿԷġ
𣿡Ҷǳ˵еѾųҵĹâ
ҶǳĮضŸŸ̸
ŸһʱףԼûʸҶǳ̸ԷҲɡ
Ÿһ漴ЦȻˣɱҰɣȻҿǧǼһҲ˳ۣҲ㺦
ৣҶǳûиŸϻֱӾͻӽŸΪ־ᶨޱȣвŸֻѡɱ
Ÿ֮ҶǳɨһսѸ뿪˴˵أݵķȥ
·ϣҶǳҲʼԼջ
ղ̨Ĺأնɱһλ߽״񣬿Ի100Ʒʯ10ս
նɱһλ˽״Ի1000Ʒʯ100ս
նɱһλŽ״񣬿Ի1Ʒʯ1000ս
Ҷǳɱǧİ˽״񣬿Ի5000Ʒʯ500սһʾ޴ջ
֮⣬ھŸ״񼶱ļϸҲΪҶǳ5000ڵƷʯ500ڵս
֮ɱһ״Ľɱһ˽״ĽҪҪΪһ״񼶱ļϸΣ̶ȣҪԶԶ˽״Σ
һεĻĵսŸ㺦ղ̨ʧأ󻹵ղ̨һĵսɵʧ֪ܹնɱٸ˽״ˡ
ңŸЩǧ崫ݵϢҲǲ֪ղ̨ʧ˶١
ԣǧڶԴϸʱͶǳҲǶЩϸ塣
ǵǧֵ¼ղ̨˼ϸ͡
˵Ҷǳ׬ˡ
һӻһƷʯһǧսⶼӽĵսһջˡ
ԺлץһЩǧļϸ˵ֱҽŽ״ӽˡҶǳ뵽
Ҳ֪ЩϸǱĺҪץץġ
ǲһĻĵսҶǳҲ֪ŸǼϸ
Ļᣬٴγ֡
ǧ֣Ǳղ̨ȥˣղ̨ĺģǶûб֣ɼЩϸ
Ϊߵ̫ˣǱ꣬ʮ꣬꣬ĺжϳǲǼϸ
ͷҲֵͣ׬ˡҶǳջ֮󣬱Цݵظݵ׼ǻϡ


1862 ʦͽž
ݵ
һ֮ۡڣɺղ̸̨
ղ̨ԵЩŭⶼѾȥǧˣǸʦôûйղ̨Ǹʲô
ɿЦ㲻ҪżʦȻѾͨĵսķʽϵңҲһӰʯֻҪصϷ嵺ͻݵҡ
ղ̨ƲһСı˸ɱˣҪ֪ǧĸ֣ɶղ̨Ǹš
ܣҡҡͷҶǳģĿᶨ˵ʦ츳ˣССǳء
ղ̨̧Ƴ˰һۣڵˣ㲻߽״ѣ˵ǳСطﵽ񾳽磬˵Ҳ١
˵գղ̨ʵ͵ʦ츳츳̫ǿˣλĵսֱֳ֮ˣǧˣֻҪǰ׳գͻǰв
ɫһû뵽㣬ɺŵİɣʦһǳشô꣬ٶȶô죬ɼһСĽˣױı
ϣǼһܹɣȻûղ̨ԴҵΪͽĻˡղ̨¿
ڴʱ͵վ˫⣬ԶʿȥãһǿϢڼٿݵһҪǿĶ࣬ǰ˽״񡣡
ʲôǰ˽״񣿡
ղ̨ԣʱɫ䣬æʦڻĵսʱ״񣬾ȥǧ꣬ҲҲͽ߽״񾳽磬Բǰ˽״óҸëһҪΪǿһɱˡ
ɵ˵ͷ漴бѾһëղ̨µĸ͸ղ̨µģԽɱС
԰߽״Ϊһ߶ëôɱŽ״㹻ˡ
ղ̨µĸֻղ̨ë뿪ǧĵ֮ǾѾʹˣھʣһë
ԣ򲻵ѣǲõëϾһɱˡ
ݣ
ͬʱһѾݵϿգ漴һӴ㳯ŵϺɨ
ҶǳϢ̫ǿˣ˽״񣬶ݵС͵˵ֱǲǿڡ
ԣݵϵǣȫʵʵشԭأҴһ
ΪǶǳǿߣ˵ʲôҲˡ
ȻҲ£Ͼ˽״񼶱ǿߣһǲЩͼֵ߳ġ
ǧİ˽״ҲЩסĽ׵ĵͼ߳֡
Ļղ̨ǧɱܾˣˡ
ҵˣ
ʱеҶǳɫһͨǿѾҵղ̨ºͰɵλˡ
ʱҶǳͷȥ
ͬʱҲܵҶǳϤϢضղ̨˵ʦʦˣ
ʲôղ̨һ𾪣ŵ˵˽״ʦ쵰׳ʲôҩôͻȻôΪ
ɺٺЦʦţԳݣٶȳưԻ½ܹǳؿҲҵ֮С
ߣҵõǹĴ֮󣬺ܿͻᳬԽղ̨ߵ
ݣ
һӰڰɵĸۡǰ䣬Ҷǳ
ͽݼʦ𣡡æӭȥ
ҶǳһѷɣЦҵˣû뵽ǾϷ嵺ô֪Ȳȥղ̨ˣֱϷ嵺ǡ
ղ̨һߵҲûżȥǧˣôղ̨Ǵôã
ǺǣⲻһֱӦòµڻĵսл˾޴ջԱûΪϾûǿΪҲܱȥղ̨ǡҶǳЦ˵
ղ̨ɫÿһЩɽʵڵʵжǿܹܾŽ״ղ̨Ǳ߻֪ʲôΪ㻹ȥһҸףҵϢ֪Ҹס
Ҷǳ˵еȻڿԴһľŽ״񣬵ľŽ״ҲǶ֡ãΰղ̨ɱһλϸػߵĿ񣬵һղ̨֮󣬾ܳΪղ̨ػߣƾݣҲ㹻ʸ㸸ˡ
Ȼͨػ񣡡ղ̨ԣЩؿҶǳǳѶȣϾϸô׾ץסġ
ò˵Ҷǳʵ̫ˡ


1863 Ϊػ
ãڻĵսʱҵһϸα˳ֽˡҶǳղ̨ЦǺǵ
ղ̨»ȻҲ˵Ǵλĵսղ̨ʧأǻҶǳİ¡
ԣǴλĵսмϸļʷǳ
û뵽ҶǳͲˣ
գղ̨±óһӰʯҶǳЦ˵Ҹ׾ˣҪ˵ĻѾˡӰʯѾҲ˽ƣֻղ̨ĸ߲֪Ľ⿪ķʽһˣͻٵļ仭档
ҶǳݸһЦӰʯ˵ô㻹Ҷ㲻ڵʵҪ㲻㻹зĻ𣿡
ղ̨Ʋǵ㲻С·ϣȻⶫͱ˸õˡ
ѻ죡Ҷǳ˷ۣ漴ɵһԽȥˡ
Ҷǳ֪ëǣѾҶǳղ̨ǵϢԵ÷ǳġ
Ǿĵ½
Ҷǳһɺܵġ
ҶǳڵЩѣĸĸ
ǳڵƺΣգǧղ̨ͣһʱˣļʾͻܴ
˶Ҫ֪ȥ·ߣͿͨؾȥһЩܽǷ֮Ρ
ͻᱣһЩ
ҶǳŰ˵Ŀǰ֪ػ½·ߣֻǧһ֪ǧ壬Ҳû취ץңץҲѱ·ߡ
ɵ˵ͷüͷ塣
һץסǧ֣ôǧҲǰ׳գ϶֪ԼˣȻҲͲҶǳǹڻ½·ߡ
ǣҶǳϷĴӦǧһ·
뵽Ҷǳ԰˵ʵڲУʱǧһǸҲûʲôޡңղ̨¼̳ǹʵǿˣԼͻȥǧֱ𡣡
ҲԣʦܷǸǧһΣԺͽղ̨ȥɡһŵ
ھѾ߽״ԺԽǧֿ϶⡣
ղ̨һ̳ǹĴУʵҲͻͽͳǳض⡣
ԣҶǳǧһΣԺղ̨ºͰġ
ȻһжһǰᣬҶǳץסǧ֡
˺ܾãҶǳŶ̤ŷղ̨ǡ
ΪػϷƣһղ̨ǣҪͨϷ嵺ˡ
ȻһõƣֻеҶǳΪػ֮󣬲ӵʱԽղ̨ǵػơ
ղ̨ǣҶǳֱӸػ
ػϿҶǳȻǵɵЦʵô죬ѵѾ˿񣿡
ЩܣϾץסһϸɲôס
ϸصĺʱץסһϸɱһ˽״Ҫѡ
Ǻǣʵڻĵսʱ򣬾ѾǸϸֻǵʱû֤֤ǧļϸҹԼȥ
ҶǳػЦ˵ҵ츳ѾǴλĵս֮¶ˣǧֻҪǰ׳գͻǰնɱҡԣҳȥãǸϸϵǧ˹Ҹһˡ
˵գҶǳͰһӰʯǰػϡ
ػϽӹӰʯֱӾ͵Ҷǳˣ֮һ𾪵ؿҶǳȻλǧİ˽״񣿡
Ӱʯ֮пǧİ˽״ȻûпҶǳЩ˴սҶǳܹŻնɱǸϸǿ϶ҶǳӮˡ
ǴܣǽǸնɱˡҶǳ΢΢һЦ漴óƣλǧİ˽״ơ
ػϽӹһʱ͸ˣҶǳһ𾪵س޵β񣬻˴󹦣ղ̨йͣսͽھֱӷ㡣
˵գػϱóһöռָݸҶǳ
Ҷǳӹռָ֮һɨ֪һƷʯͬʱսҲӵ2170ڡ
νǴա
ղ̨߲ͬΪػ֮Ҷǳսͽֱػһġ
ػȡ˴ػߵ֮Ҷǳ뿪ػղ̨ĸۡȥ
ղ̨帮ۡ޴ͬʹһ㣬һһĽﻷţղ̨ļסĵĵط
ͬʱҲղ̨ǵġ
һǸûʸģ·ϵĹؿкܶࡣ
ҲҶǳΪػߣܳͨ衣


1864 
ղ̨ǣղ̨Ǽ帮ۡ
ҶǳΪػߣڵݽԼ֮Ͼһλ߽״񼶱ִǰӭӡ
ػߵĵλܳߣղ̨ػҲǳ𾴡
˵ҶǳѾվղ̨ĸ߲㣬ֻûнĶѡ
ҶѰɣ룬պʱ䣬ȥݼղ̨߽״񼶱ִ½ղ̨Ϊ˺ܺ˵ʱһЦݡ
ͷˡҶǳ˵ͷһղ̨帮ۡ
һ·ϣҶǳܵ˺ܶǿϢżһǿɨ
ⲻƣЩѲղ̨帮ۡ
Ȼǰղ̨岢ûôɭϣֻղ̨±ǧ°֮ղ̨űϸ񣬾³ֵڶǧ֡
ʱҶǳǸǧ֣Էֻһ߽״񣬾Ȼܹ쵽ղ̨ĺΪղִ̨£ܵղ̨Σϸϣֱ̫ˡ
ղ̨һһ
ҶǳʱȻΪڣܵɺǿϢҪǿöࡣ
λػ϶Ҫǿöࡣ
һǾŽ״Բ磬һѾԽ˾Ž״񣬿λղ̨ļ񣡡Ҷǳа뵽
ѹǳֲ¶ԷϢҲҶǳе㤡
ϾѾһˡ
ڻ磬ҪܷУȴܹƾԼУٶȻԶ
˵ٶľŽ״ҲĶ֡
ΪʲôҶǳԵʣΪҪھŽ״񼶱ɱǾֻ壬Լøǿ󣬲ԽɱС
ҶѣԼȥɣ㡣ղ̨ſڣҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴һ߽ǰĴ֮С
ڷǳȴĵģֻӰڴϷһϣֱһһŮ
еǸˣţƲһֲŭļ¡
ŮһòŮ·ǳޡ
Ҷǳ֪ղ̨ļĸæǰݼ
ղ̨ļղ̨Ԫղ̨ĸⶼҶǳ͵鵽飬ϾǳҲʲôܡ
ʱղ̨Ԫ򸾶ڴҶǳ˵жЩȺ
ΪǶҶǳ츳
ֻղ̨ԪЦҶѰɣڻĵսʱҾ׸ˣ˵츳״ΪԽնɱǧ߽״û뵽һתѾﵽ˰˽״񾳽磬νʾδҲָտɴ
ˣҶǳǫһ£óһӰʯղ̨Ԫ˵һλ͸ģʲôʣü֪ˡ
ҶǳûʲôϻֱӰղ̨¸Ӱʯղ̨ԪȶԷղ̨µӰȻһС
һλѣղ̨ԪЩɻؿһҶǳ˵Ѹʲôϵǿ츳δǱ񾳽磬Ӷô㡣
Ҷǳ츳ϣղ̨ԪסҶǳ׹ӰʯǵһеӰʯ֮󣬶ʱɫһ䡣
ղ̨壬ֻкĸ߲ܲõĽƣλѵ˭ղ̨ԪҶǳʵ
Ҷǳ΢Ц꣬Ȼ֪˵ٶ࣬Ҳδػš
ղ̨Ԫ͹һۣ˶ЩȻѾµʲô
Ͼֽܹ֪Ƶˣղ̨帮֮ۡУһǾŽ״ʲô飬ҪҶǳӰʯ
ȻӰʯǳЩŽ״֣֮Ǳֻʣһˡ
ղ̨£
ҲǵıŮ
ղ̨Ԫ͹дڴʼ򿪽ƣӰʯ
ʱһâӰʯ۳ղ̨µ
Ȼǵһμղ̨£ղ̨Ԫ͹ϳˣǵŮϾѪĸоǲġ
Ȼֻղ̨¹Ůղ̨°ݼĸףĸףġ
Ҷǳһţղ̨½ǧ°Ȼһϵ飬ȫղ̨Ԫ͹
ǧҵ½ʱղ̨Ԫ͹˶ŵɫһףúǧֵıҶǳݻˣǸмؿҶǳһۡ
ղ̨µղ̨ԪӰʯмؿҶǳ˵ҶѣϻҾͲ˵ˣ˷ΪԺʲôҪֻҪܹ쵽ģһ岻ݴǡ
ˣղ̨¹ͽܵĶˣҲҵѣһжӦġҶǳԵúǫ飬ûоӹ԰
Ҳղ̨Ԫ͹Ҷǳˡ


1865 ʮ
֮У˺ܳһʱĳĬ
ҶǳɫȻûżΪ֪ղ̨Ԫڴ
Ͼղ̨µϢ϶кܶ뷨Ҫ˴˽һ
ֵһʱղ̨ԪſҶǳҶѣѾˣȲ»ʦͽǹʱǹΪ֮ٻҲ١
Ҷǳһ㶣û뵽Է򸾾Ȼûղ̨»
ƺ֪Ҷǳɻ󣬹һԽ͵Ҷѣղ̨ǸǧĸһǷ򸾳ȥ£ǧĸ֡ð۵£¼ڵʵѾԱˡ
ҶǳҲеЦû뵽ĸҶĳЩܳѵǾͲһ¹ǹ𣿡
ҲֵĵطѵԷô
Ҫ֪ǲŵһμ档

ֻղ̨ԪЦһҶǳЦҶѵʵҪǹҲͲ˸֪µˡɴ˿ɼֵεġ
лǰΣǰСҶǳһ֣ص˵
ղ̨Ԫ˵ͷ漴óöռָҶǳ˵öռָɫĽ£ɫһЩʯǷ򸾶ĸл
лҶǳæöռָ漴ղ̨Ԫл
ղ̨ԪЦ˵ӦǸлŶԣˣ²˳٣㻹ǸϽصߣǷǳġ
Ȼ˵ղ̨һ߽״񼶱İɣղ̨Ԫ߽״̫ˡ
ǰҶǳͲһˣŰ˽״ΪؼԽԿŽ״ǿ߱ղ̨²ܰȫ
ȸˡҶǳ˵ͷ漴תȥ
Ҷǳ뿪ղ̨帮֮ۡ󣬹Աߵղ̨Ԫô
ղ̨ԪЦ˵öɫĿռָϲֶΣԴ򿪺ɫĽָͻᱻҵɱס̰ģѺɫָ£Ǿ֤ǿεġ
ңöɫָ棬ҸµԴ⣬ҺķѾѪƵѱɽһ߶£ɡ
ղ̨Ԫһŵ˵ѽ¾ѹҶǳʦͽԾǱ£Ҳ˵µġ
һʱͷˡ
ǻ֮õϹô׾Ҷǳģ϶˺ֶܶΡ

Ҷǳ뿪ղ̨ĸ֮ۡ󣬱ȥëǴкȻ뿪ղ̨ǣǰݵɡղ̨ǻϡ
ŷҶǳһ߸·һߴղ̨Ԫ͸ɫָ̽Уʱ¶Цݡ
Ǵ󷽣10ƷʯҶǳЩ
ôʯܽΪŽ״񾳽ˡ
Ҷǳ׼Ϊ׼ˡ
ڵĻ廹߽״ڣõ10Ʒʯ֮Ӧÿ˽״ڡ
ˣһʵ
ң֮󣬲עĿ
֮ҶǳΪ˾Ž״Žףǿ϶ǧע⡣
ϾŽ״Ѿǳ˵սˡ
κһŽ״ĳ֣ղ̨ǧע⡣
Ҷǳ츳Ѿǧ֪ˣٽ˾Ž״񾳽磬λǧļܻˡ
ϴλɱŸλǧİ˽״֮󣬾Ѿǧעˡ
ʱҶǳʱŽ״õѡ
ʱǧڰ˽״񾳽磬ôǲŽ״ɱλǧԶ֡
һϻҶǳٶȷɱǧˣӶһ١
ȻҶǳµĺ֣ܹǧĸ֣òˡ
ȥǹʱǹӦúܰȫ
ңǹһλ̫µĴУ˵кܶԴʦͽղ̨µĹϵһԴеģ˵ܹҵΪͻٴ
ֻҪҵΪﵽ˾Ž״۷壬ôնɱ񶼲ڻ¡

ҶǳЩڴ
ǹıǿ֮ء
ʦͽղ̨µĹϵһԴǾԿԵģϾղ̨»Ҫʦͽܲǡ
뵽Ҷǳӿٶȣݵ


1866 ǧ
ݵ
Ҷǳǻ֮󣬾ͽöɫĽָղ̨ˡ
ղ̨ùһ΢΢ЦŶҶǳ˵ʶ࣬ûģǰöָѾȫʬˡ
Աߵİɫһ䣬û뵽㸸ôݣ
ҶǳȴǺ򶨣˵ɵͽ㻹Ϊ˼İˣҾýָͷ룬ܲµõöռָ沼ǿĽơ
һˬߵѵͲ֪ղ̨ģܻȥ
ΪĸģԼŮġҶǳҡҡͷԴ˵û⣬Ҳ
ղ̨һߴ򿪽ָһ߶ҶǳͰ˵ˣǾͲҪԹҸˣ͵ǿҵϡңҸҲ˵ˣȸȥǹʱҶһЩǣΪ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦҾͲˣ
ȱٵıǻʯֻҪ㹻ĻʯΪͻ壬Ž״۷塣
ʱǶԿҲڻ£ܹԽնɱ
ھͳ𣿡ʵ
Ҷǳղ̨˵ǹģ˵ʲôʱȥʲôʱȥ
ղ̨Ц˵ǾٵȵȰɣ㲻ǸյõһʯһΪҸҲʯҲһΪ
˵գղ̨óһöռָɣ˵Щʯ͵ҩҲȥɡ
ƲҪԵҩ㲻˵ԵҩӰ츳ʦڣѾȫˣҲҪٳԵҩ˰ɡ
ղ̨û˵Ѿ൤ҩٳһ㣬ҲûʲôӰ죬츳Ҳˡһ㵤ҩԺ㻹̤񾳽磬ǳҲ㹻ΪǿˡԵҩ֪ʲôʱ̤񾳽磬Լѡɡ
ҶǳҲ԰˵ҩͣ
ðɣɿЦһǳôãǾĵǧ׷ɱҪʵˡ
ܹΪ񣬰Ҳˣǳ޵ˡ
ԺԺٿҲ٣ʵ˵
£˱ݵʼչ

ͬʱղ̨Ǹĳ֮ϣһҾ޴սͣڴ˵أһסˣϢ
սϣǿϢǾŽ״֪Էǳ𺳡
Ϊǧļǧڴ˵ء
ʱǧһŽ״Įѯʵʲô飿ղ̨µ𣿡
ֻղ̨µйء
ϾǹĴ̫ˡ
ңղ̨ԪǼһõǹǧ弫䲻ġ
ʱûղ̨µϢλǧľŽ״æ˵
ǧ˵ղ̨µϢҪң㲻֪𣿡
һǿϢǧϯȥնһ
λǧľŽ״ŵһæǷղ̨Ǳ߳һţ±Ҫӡ򣬽ؽвǧ
ţ
ǧɫһ䣬ͫҲŽ״񣬳ʲôţȻвǧ츳ô𣿡
ǧľŽ״æ͵ڻĵսʱֵģһҶǳţֻ״Ϊȴܹǧμӻĵս߽״۷ǿߡΪһĵսǲûлôʤ
ǧüͷ۾ܹ״ܻ߽״۷壬츳ȷǿûȥɱ𣿡
ǧľŽ״æ˵ǸݰϾɳ˽״ȥɱˡ
ǧüͷչЦ˵ĺܲԷţ͸ɳ˽״ʨӲȫܸһĻᣬԺɱˡ
ǧľŽ״Цǻǵ͹ʵǸҶǳȥ˽״񣬸ȫնɱˣæǸ߶ɱˣονʧش󰡣
ʲô
ǧԴʧɫ𾪵СӲǲ״Ϊ𣿾ͻˣҲ߽״˽״񿹺⣬ôܶԸ˽״񡣡
һ˻ǰ˽״ڵǿߣǧľŽ״Ѿȫ׼ǵ͹ʵ˽״񣬲ⱻɱˣӶӲǸҶǳʵԶԶ֮ϡ
ٿȾŽ״ˣǧһɱӾԲ֪ͨаߣҶǳ䣬ʱֱԹȥɱ


1867 ǹ
ݵ
ʱš
Ҷǳһαչأķ˺ܳʱ䣬һ򱶵ʱٴ٣Ҳȥһʱ䡣
ҶǳεջҲܴ10Ʒʯ֮Ļڽ˰˽״ڡ
ʱΪǰ˽״ڣǰ˽״ڡ
˫˫֮£ҶǳѾаնԿŽ״۷ˡ
ټϻͻýĸаջܣɱŽ״۷ǿˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶǳʵѾվǳص۷壬ֻвˡ
ȥǹҾӵлɱʵˡҶǳ۾Ŀгڴ
Ҷǳ߳ӡ
ղ̨ºͰУҲ׷׳أǰҶǳϡ
αչصʱ仹泤ղ̨¿ҶǳЩ˵
ͰɣʵͿԳˣֻΪ˵ȴҶǳˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦĿ⳯ǰɨȥ˵Ϊ
ͻƵ˰˽״ڣղ̨½ܿ죬ﵽ߽״ڡ
ܺãǵʵҲǿˣȥǹǺʱҶǳЦ˵
ղ̨µͷ߰ɣʹȥǹ
˵գ̤ŷ󣬵ȷǰ档
ҶǳͰɽ
һֱ֪ǹ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ղ̨Цҳ󣬽Ϊʱ򣬾ѾܹظܵǹλˡǹҪҴﵽ߽״񾳽磬Ҳһֱȵڡ
ǹλ̫ת֮лָǰļ𣿡Ҷǳʵ
ղ̨ҡͷǹ֮⣬Ҳûļ䣬ҾӦóնһУҪٻһΣԲŲһ˿һļ䡣
ΣգҲͻǰƿ㳬Խ̫񾳽硣Ҷǳͬص˵ͷ
һԵİɸп̫񰡣ڻҲһǿˣǳԽ̫Ĵڣжôǿ󡣡
Ǿǻ綥ĴˡҶǳ̾гӴĻ磬Ҳֻдﵽ̫񾳽磬ܳȥһ
Ȼǳ̫񾳽磬ΪԴ̫
Ҷǳ׼֮󣬾뿪ǳأǰ紳

Ҷǳһ·Ǹǧꡣ
ǳһƬߵĺղ̨ͣסӣŲȷ⼤ɨƬ
⺣֮£ǹСղ̨¶Ҷǳ˵
ҶǳͻȻʵǹĶǲǺܴǻ᲻ᱻ˷֣
ղ̨Ц˵İɣǽǹ֮ҾͿʱǧǿһˣ޷ݻǹķ󷨡
̫Ƶ̾ѡ
ҶǳͷҲãʲô󶯾ʱ򲻹ǧĸֻ㸸ǿ϶ҲǾȴǹʵǿˣٳ
ǿղ̨ƲƲǿˣҲĶ֣ҸǸסǧʱҾܲٿǹȥ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҲΪͻ˫˫ﵽŽ״ŽףʱȻնɱǧ񾳽硣
ȻǹԴϣλ̫Ĵرﹻɡ
¡¡
ͬʱղ̨Ѿٻǹˣ߶ӡһɿֲϢͻȻĺ֮
һ̣ҶǳͰǶоԼСͬһ㣬ǹǿϢȣʵ̫ˡ
ǹֲ̫ˣ̫񣡡ҶǳЩݣɫ𾪡
ǹɣղ̨½һĺ֮Уʱһ޴Ĺڲ󷨵İ֮£ˮ棬¶ڸ߿֮С
һ̣һǿޱȵϢͬеľκˣգ˷ӳȥ
Ҷǳ֪ܿͻϯǳأʱֶϵ˵ء
ǿȥɣղ̨´һǰ֮ϴһţȳ˽ȥ
ҶǳͰҲ̽С
ǽȥ֮ǵžʧˣǹ֮Уɢſֲ
˭ôôֲ
ǿϢֱҼľŽ״Ҫֲ˭ѵǧļղ̨ļ
ҲûôǿɣĪǹ
оˣҿȥ
ÿֲϢҼղ̨һ棬Է񣬵ҲûôֲѵǱǿĴڡ̫񣿡
Īǹ

ǳضǹ䶯ˡ
ǿߣ׷״˷˹
ǧղ̨ԪλҲڵһʱܵǹǿϢ׷׶


1868 ػʯ
ǹˣ
ңԶǳĳǧ⼤͸գǹķ
ŨƲ֮Уһ޴Ĺ֮Уɢһɰơ
ǣսһЩǧľŽ״Ҳˣ׷۾ǹķ
ǧ˵ǹˣǳҲֻǹŻôĶ
ǹǧľŽ״ɫ𶯡
ղ̨¿ǹղ̨Ԫղ̨ǣղ̨ôῪǹһλǧľŽ״ɻ
ǧô࣬ȸȥǹղֻ̨һСŮΪŶ٣õǹҲߣȫá
Ǽղ̨Ԫ϶Ҳȥûжʤ㡣һλǧľŽ״Ц
ǧҲüͷ˼Ƭ̣漴ҧֻԮˣ޷ռǹˣȥϵӳּϣǳҹıǹ
һӳǵĴǾû취õôˡһλǧľŽ״Ȱ˵
Щһ֣ǧҲֻܿվҰ
ǧЦİɣλּϲɵý¸ּ֪һӳǵΪҺıֵܷһĻԵǸּ֪һҲҲֻܺȵȻѡ񡣡
˵գǧȴ˸ǹķ

ͬʱղ̨ǣղ̨ԪҲӦǹľ޴ĶϾҶǳͨ׼
¿ǹ𣿡һԣղ̨ĸʵ
ղ̨Ԫ˵ͷЦһжҵ֮УѾǹڿѾǹȥˡǹϾ̫֮ǿܹƵģǹڣ԰ȫ
˵ͷ漴˵ǧ϶ѾȥǹˣҲȥɣϾ޷ǹ绹Ҫġ
ţѾźˣղ̨ǣԴ˸ȥǹղ̨Ԫ˵ͷ漴뿪
Ѿ׼ˣ̾ʹ˸ǹ

ʱҶǳѾǹ
ǹ̫ӴˣԳһƬռ䣬͸һһкܶ೤ӣɽˮкܶ๬Ⱥǳ׳ۡ
Ҷǳŵǣ˵ļɽ֮У̺ŨĻʯ
ЩȻǻʯ
ڲԶľ޴㳡ȫɻʯɣֻ͸¶һ֣Ǿǡ
ʦĵصʯֱһذԱߴ𾪵
Ҷǳ˷ۣΪʦϹ
Ҷǳ̽ˣضǻʯµĻʯ£ʹƬֻеһȫǻʯ
򵥵˵ھվһƬɽϡ
ǰǳѹεһЩͻʯһֱáղ̨¿˵һ˵һ߷ԶһЩ
һƬȺĹ͸һ֮һ
ҶǳͰæȥ
ڵִǰƬȺ֮һˣΪЩղ̨ǰһЩС
зһеҩһһǧǧдУҶǳۻҡ
֮⣬һЩ֮ж͵ҩҶǳͰ˫ȣۺ첻ѡ
ղ̨һЩҩɣ漴Ҷǳ˵ӦȱٻʯɣǱߵĹ֮дصĻʯȫˡ֮һ񼶱ǽһģպʺ㡣
ãҶǳ˵ͷ㳯ԱػʯĹȥ
㣬ڴصĻʯڣ㹻Ž״۷ˡ
һЩƷʯҲѹղ̨ô󷽡
Ҫ֪ǹڿ϶кܶƷʯƷʯЩղ̨¿û͸
ҶǳѾˣϾǹղ̨µģܹŽõôôѾܲˡ
ҶǳҲûҪղ̨жǹһԼһأղ̨Ԫ϶ղ̨һЩһԴɱרġ
ղ̨ԪҲᰲղ̨ǹˡ
οǹһ̫ǿ˵ղ̨¾ܲٿ̫ԸһССĴǺ׵ġ
ԼĶǲҪǿֻҪŽ״۷徳磬ͲˡҶǳ뵽
ʼʱٴ󣬰ʯԼΪ
㹻ĻʯΪʱһ壬һʵԽԽǿ
ղ̨ºͰҲԶʼˡ


1869 ּ
ǳǹ⣬һǿӰ֮УңǰǹÿжȺ̰
Ǿǹ
˵һλ̫Ķ
ǵõǹһԳΪܹΪ̫񡣡
ǹڳˣղ̨λСѾȥˡ
ǹķ̫ǿˣҵȼ֣Ҳ޷ǹ

ΧĴ۷׷ס
һһǿߣ˷ǹΧǿǹУ̰
ϧǹķ̫ǿˣǸκβǹ
䣡
ͻȻһɹǿϢӲԶƵһƬƣڱ񷡣
תͷȥɫ׷һ䡣
ղ̨ˣ˵
ԶһȺǿ߸ˣղ̨ߣйǾŽ״ʮλ˽״ʮλ߽״һٶλ
Ժɨǳء
Ҳǧܹ֮⡣
οЩ˵ǰһƸǿӣ˫֣̤ն£ǿΧնս
λӦþղ̨峤ˣ
û뵽ղ̨ԪҲˡ
ǧҲҪˡ
һ۷׷ס
̸۵ʱһҲһȺ߸Ϲˣǧˡ
ǧ˺ղ̨ˣһǰһִȻ˫Щ궼ڱ˴˼š
ǧǰǧһƳ죬ңŶղ̨Ԫߵղ̨Ԫĵͦġ
ղ̨ԪҲǧһǧıٶ࣬ǹŮУⱲ㶼ע޷õǹ
ǧЦŮȥΣŶΪܹǹ𣿡
߾ʹƾǹӴԴһֱ񾳽硣㣬ܹƵǹķ𣿡ղ̨Ԫһмؿǧ˵
ǧҲŭ΢΢Ц⿿ȷ޷Ƶǹķǣ󷨣ķһʱ䣬һаƵǹķġ
ղ̨ԪЦһûôǹΧô󣿵𣿡
ǧղ̨ԪһۣЦ˵ҼȻô˵Ȼаյġ
ղ̨Ԫɫһ䣬漴͵תͷԶգͻȻȵ˭ηˣһ𣡡
ղ̨ԪܵһǿϢҪǿϢǸ
ǧЦؿղ̨Ԫһۣ漴Զգֵѣסղ̨Ԫȡôʱ䣡
ղ̨Ԫͫһ͵Զա
û⣡
һصһƿնӲԶ̤նղ̨ԪĶ档
Ϣǿǧղ̨Ԫһ
Χ˷׷֣ﾹȻһλǳʲôʱֵλˣ
ղ̨ԪҲɫ䣬ŶߣЩٴУѵǺηʥ
߿ղ̨ԪһЦӳǣּϣ
ղ̨ԪԻһӳȻ֪ǳظĳǳأһ̫򣬻񣬸ǳؿԿġ
ӳǵּңҲǺպĴ壬λǿƥ
ּϡ
λ˵ֻּһλ񣬵ģҲղ̨ԪǿһЩ
˵ʵѾӽˣղ̨Ԫ뵽
ǧڵǿߣλּϱ΢ǿһЩûǿܶ࣬Ǿǽӽڡ
ˣҲСġ
񾳽磬ǿһ㣬Ҳǳ
ղ̨ԪɫأؿŶּϣֵѣǹСŮĴУּҲҪ֣
ּһ˿ЦǹûдŮ֣Ȼı˭ȡȻҺǧԼһõǹҺˡԸ߳ɣҾͿ԰Ըǧ
ֵѣ
ǧڲ󷨣ȻּϵĻɵɫĿ⺬ŭصּϣѿɲҪЦҿԤˣҪڣ
ּϸǧЦֻԼѣҪ棬˭ҵ࣬ҾͰ˭ô˭ԸҸ棿
ǧаѣ̰ϼһ
Ҳ޿κΣϾԷʵǿҲǿҲﲻӳǣּҵ޷ϹּҿҪǹ


1870 ˫˫
ǧһҧгݵصּ˵ֵѣõǹķ䣬ġ
ãּԣʱЦˣղ̨ԪǸǸղ̨ѣҾֻܰǧˡ
ղ̨Ԫɫǳѿ
ǧҲؿּϣֵѣҲϣⷢǹ㱻ּҵõˣֵܹɡȻּҵĳϣּҵĶɲģϣ֮Ϊ֮
ּɫһ䣬漴Ц˵ǧѷģһסղ̨ѣԲ㲼󷨡
ҲԣּҵõǹҲֵֻܷɣûɡ
Ͼּҵλ񣬿ɶҪǿĶࡣ
ڣȴԵõǹɣĻ
˶˽ĵģο
ּϷǳˣվղ̨һȺǰЦŶղ̨Ԫ˵ղ̨ѣҿǾͲҪ˷ˣֻҪ֣Ҳᶯ֣Σ
ͺɣôһܻñ
Ͼղ̨ԪʵҲҪƴҲ˵Σա
ղ̨Ԫɫˮ֪ԼǰּϵĶ֣ټһղ̨ߣҲͶԷ൱޷ֹǧ󷨡
ңһǵǧֶּԸǣߣһղ̨߿Ҫ˲ء
ƶ䲻

ǹڣһǿϢ𽥳ҶǳڵĴʹù𶯣շڡ
ϢǴҶǳɢġ
˿̵ΪѾ˾Ž״۷壬ΪҲﵽ˾Ž״۷壬ֻ벽˫˫񾳽硣
һռҪĵܽΪ
Ҳ˵ҶǳҪɱһλС
ǧ峤ղ̨ԪУɱղ̨ܳưǳˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
Ŀǧ峤һǧѾˣҲǰղ̨ͳһǳء
Ͼ뿪ǳغëǻҪǳ㡣
һղ̨ͳһǳأëǸãҲȫ
οǲԺˣҲܹȫǳسɳ
Ҷǳ
Ȼ洫ղ̨µ
Ҷǳ̧ͷ򹬵棬飬Ŀ⿴ղ̨£ִŮȻѾﵽ˾Ž״۷壬һ
ôܣ
ٶôô죿
һ뵽ǹһλ̫ģҶǳҲȻˡ
ݣ
Ҷǳ˲ڹ⣬ղ̨£ЦϲΪ
Ҳղ̨½ȣʵúǿ󣬶һƿǹ۹ȻԶȥĸӦ֮Уǰʵǳǿܵһ˿в
㲻һľŽ״񣡡
ղ̨ĿƣϸһĨ֮ɫܹܵʵ²һѵΪҲﵽ˾Ž״۷壿
ɣҶǳ΢΢һЦؿǰղ̨һۣղ̨ȻΪһԷƿǹʵ±Ҫǿˡ
Ͼһλ̫ղ̨ʵ㷢ӳһܣҲܴﵽ񼶱ˡ
ʵҵ֮⣬ҲǺ£Ҫ֡ղ̨¿ҶǳЦ
֣Ըǧ峤ҶǳԲ÷΢Ц㲻˵ҲҪԸ
סͿˣھ棬һġղ̨˵գ̧ǰĨս漴Ϊһ澵ӣʾǳ
ʱǳǳ֣һá
ң쳣ǿϢﵽ񼶱
ǧ
㸸ף
ĸһ˭
Ҷǳּϵӣɻǳػеλ𣿡
ղ̨ҡͷ˲ǳصģӳּҵϣʵҸ׻ҪǿһЩ
ӳǣҶǳȻҲ˵ǳ̫Ǿǳĳǳء
˵ǽʵҲԶ
ǧڲ󷨣ҪӲ俪ǹķɹˣڵΪĵס
ղ̨¿Ҷǳԣǵȳ֣ܹӳսҲ͸λּϲ࣬ҪҸ֣ѹ㣬Ȱסǧõ𣿡
ɱλּҵϣҶǳĿһ˲ղ̨µ˼
ղ̨²ɱּϣҪô鷳ֻҪֳ񼶱սǧּϱѾκβˡ
ղ̨ɫҵǹҪľ򣡡
û⣡Ҷǳ˵ͷҪնɱǧǺʱ


1871 ˫˫
޴ǹǧڲ󷨡
Զղ̨Ԫֻܸɵۿţּϵֹ
ڴʱӰǹڲ˳ʱĿһ
£
ղ̨£
˵ĿⶼҶǳղ̨º󣬽Ǿ
û뵽ղ̨ǾȻҳ
ϾƾǹǿǧʱκβǣǾȻˣǾ޷ֵһλ񼶱ǿߡ
Ȼǧղ̨º󣬶ʱϲ⼤ȵղ̨£ĺãԹԽǹҰɣ
䣬ǧæٿ󷨣ղ̨¡Ҷǳǹֹٽǹ
ΣգԶղ̨Ԫʱˣ߳
ǧȵֹ֣
û⣡ּһЦɫղ̨ԪЦǺǵղ̨֣ģֻҪǵõǹԲ˺Ů
˵ô˵ǳסղ̨Ԫ
λսƷǳƴΧ˶ҽӽ
ʵ󣬶ʱڸֲʤ
Ȼղ̨ԪҲ޷ּϣֻؿǧղ̨ºҶǳ
ֻǣɻǣղ̨£ҶǳƺԵú򶨣һȻؿǧ
ǲǱɵˣԶ˵Ц
ղ̨תͷҶǳ˵ͽˣ
ȥɣҶǳЦЦ֪ղ̨µĸף˵ͷ
䣡
ղ̨Уǹʱǧ󷨣ŲԶּڿն
ڳǧʱˣһŵؿԶȥղ̨£𾪵ôܣôܳҵ󷨣
ǻ˵Ȼ̫ˡҶǳڳЦ
ǧתͷҶǳһͺȵСӣҶǳ
Ҷǳйâһһ¶ųֲƣǿ
ǧͰΪڿոˡҶǳøϻϯý̽٣ʱƬڡ
һ̣ҶǳѾֽǧ
ǧҶǳԼ֣Щм䳰Цţ
ͻȻɫ䡣
ҶǳĻͻýѹ̫ǿˣֱΪʵ
һ̣ҶǳչֳʵҲǧԤϡ
䣡
ҶǳһֱӾͽǧѪɣ嶼ܵơ
ҲˣҶǳңƸǿˡ
ΪѾ˫˫ﵽŽ״۷壬ȫʸһս
οлͻýǧܹӳʵҶǳǿ
ôܣôôǿͻý硭㵽˭ǳؾԲǧһŶҶǳȻ
ҶǳĻͻýסˣһʵֱֲ̫ˡ
óҶǳûгΪ񣬷ĻҶǳǰһ
ţǧֱ󣬾ԶӳҲûôǿţⲻСطԵš
ͷͲϻˣ
Ҷǳøǧϻֽɱ
Ҫǧĵ񾳽硣
һѾȺܾˡ
ƬСǳأվݲסġ
ҶǳĿ硣
ֻгΪʸ߳Ƭ
ɱ
ռ
ҶǳսױǧѹƵģлͻýѹƣǧӲ
ǧܽôȥһᱻҶǳնɱ
ųּǱߴ֣ҡ
Ǻܿ죬ɫ;ˡ
Ϊ棬ղ̨²ٿǹǿƥֱӴּѪ嶼
οԱ߻ղ̨ԪλǸŮ֣Ѿּ϶ˡ
ǧ쵰Ȼң
˵ôǿҾͰּҵλ
ּϳǧ
ڵǧҪңﻹ
ǧˣ汻ǧˡ
ôǧҶǳǿ󣬳Ԥϣղ̨Ҳôǿˡ
Ϊʲô
ʱ٣ôڶ̶ʱڱôǿ
ǧע֪ˣҶǳɱˣĺܱ
񣬾Ȼһλ
ּȻҲˣǱǿ˼Ǳһλ񣬻ǹģĺҡ
ǧǱˣԺƶҪ˳ЦΪһλԽնɱġ
ɾҶǳ
һ֮Ҷǳ֣ؽ쳹ǳء


1872 
У˿Ҷǳɫˡ
Ž״۷ȻǳҲ㶥ǿߣǿʵв٣ڳкüλǧģҲղ̨ġ
Ǹǰλȴǲ̫ˡ
ϾҶǳһλ
ǧǳغպǿڣͷ֮һ
ǳ£û뵽һλɱˣĺܱܱߡ
Ҷǳ֣˿ر˼ԺС
˻
Զոպղ̨նɱּϵղ̨Ԫ׼ȥҶǳǱ߰æͿҶǳѾɱǧɵõһ
𾪣̫ˡ
֪ҶǳЩ츳û뵽Ҷǳ츳Ȼôǿ󣬾ȻԽնɱ
ǿ񰡡
˵ҶǳҲɱ
뵽Լ֮ǰҶǳղ̨Ԫɵһ죬ҿԷԼŮûж⣬ԼǵֶΣκβҶǳ
츳ͽܲԶˡղ̨´ʱҲ˹Ҷǳг𾪡
֪Ҷǳ츳ǿģҲû뵽ǿһԽնɱ
ԭֻϣҶǳǣסǧȡһʱ䡣
û뵽Ҷǳֱɱǧ𺳲ѡ
ǺǣˣѾͽˣԺҪչһҶǳЦؿղ̨¡
ղ̨ƲƲ죬ЩɻؿҶǳʵ׼뿪ǳˣ
ҴŲñҪ񾳽ˣʱͻ뿪ǳأԺǻҪһ¡Ҷǳ˵
ղ̨µ˵ͷҲ֪ҶǳţעԶǳء
ʵϣղ̨׼ΪǿһЩҲȥ洳
ֻûҶǳôߵ츳Ͼ뿪ǳأҲҪΪﵽ۷壬ʱٳȥ̫񾳽硣

ǧּһǳأѾûκղ̨Ķˡ
ԣҶǳҸطȥչأ׼񾳽硣
һ˵С
Ҷǳϥ׼ǧĵԷĵѾˣֻáˡ
ΧҲҪʲôڵʵǳؼ޵еˡ
ղ̨ºղ̨ԪŮҲС
ԸŮֿնɱּϣȴУϾҶǳĻͻýһ٣ԸŮΪͱˡ
ղ̨Ԫ˵Ͼʵǿ
ղ̨±ʵǿֻǽǹܱǿĹ
ղ̨µǵΪҶǳĻͻýѹ֮£߶ǹвҶǳ
ȻԸŮѣҲǱֻҪԷĻͲܻΪС
¡¡
Ҷǳ˿̴߶ռʼǧĵռʼŸߵĲνˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶǳռѾǧĵһӱ࣬ͻһƿ
䣡
˲䣬ҶǳһǿϢͻ˾Ž״ƣһµĲΡ
񾳽磡
Ҷǳ˫⼤¶һĨܣĿ⼤ѡ
ڳΪˡ
ΪȻڻ粻ֵһᣬҲһˣԴˡ
٣뿪ǳСطȥˡ
ҶǳϵǿԶգ૵Һܿˡ
ǵģ񾳽磬ȥħҰˡ
½ս鲻ñ룬ôȥˣҶǳкԷ
һܾˡ
뿪ǳ֮ǰýһЩ飬ëǰٺãҶǳҲᰲȥ
ৣ
Ҷǳֱ̤ն£ղ̨Ƿȥ
񾳽磬ѾҪˣֱ̤նУٶȾͱȷˣŽ״Ҳˣͬն
;Ž״Ȼֻһ磬ȴܴ
ҲҶǳͻý磬Խնɱ˿û¡
ڻ磬ҪԽɱУеţҲûмˡ
ǳСطҶǳ֮⣬ûеڶġ

ղ̨ǡ
ҶǳһǿϢʱղ̨Ԫע⣬ԷϾͷˡ
֪ҶˣϲҶ̤񾳽磬ϲɺأղ̨Ԫ·ϵҶǳδЦѾˡ
ϾǳأҲֻҶǳôǿϢ
ɲҵҶǳϾҶǳ֮ǰԽɱУڿ±ǿˡ
ղ̨ԪҶǳһпǳô꣬ҶҼĳɳٶˡ
ղֿˣҶǳЦҲ񣬺ղ̨ԪͬһΣҲҪˡ
ղ̨ԪҲ⣬ӭҶǳղ̨ǡ
˵ҶǳǱޣ˵ԺΪĳǿߣȻҪǰùϵ


1873 ħ
ٴղ̨ǣҶǳܵ¡صĽӴղ̨Ԫӭӣղ̨ľŽ״Ͱ˽״ӭӡ
Ҷǳ֪ΪԼʵǿˡ
Ҳʵ粻ʲôССǳأȴѾһָˡ
Ҷ֣ץǧѾץˣͱĸۡͽܰɿءղ̨Ԫһ߷һ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷڱչس֮ǰղ̨ºղ̨Ԫæץǧ֡
֮ץȻΪ֪ԼǷڵλá
Ƿ滹һ̣ѣߵʱ򣬵ȻҪźǡ
ǧȻѾˣǲ̵ЩһΣյġ
ǳôҲȫղ̨ˣɢ޵ˡЩɢ޺аɱ˶ᱦǣ̸շȺ˿϶Σա
οղ̨ˣҲлˣڲ֪Ⱥ˵ǰ˭֪ʲô顣
Ψ֪̽ǷλãĲϵˣڷʱ򣬾ͿȷԷʲôطëǾܵһʱ䰲ȥˡ
лղ̨֣Ҷǳл
ղ̨ԪЦҶֿˣС¶ѡ
˵ץǧ߽״񣬵ȷһС飬ûԳ֣ľŽ״ˡ
һС飬ܵõҶǳֱ̫꣬ˡ
ղ̨֣֪ħʲôطҶǳѯʵ
һҪȥħˡ
ڶ֪ħʲôλҲղ̨Ԫ֪Ͼһڻôꡣ
ħ磿ղ̨Ԫɫһ𣬿ҶǳЩǻĳħ硯ǺܾǰĽзʱǻǷֳ߽ģ߽ںϣֻʣ»ˡ
ħڽħǹħĵ̣ǻһ
ղ̨Ԫ˵գóһͼҶǳҶǳ̽һʱ֪ħˡ
ͼܼ򵥣ֻйħķλȻһЩǳصټǺϸ
ǳСطڵͼͺٱǡ
ղ̨ԪͼҶǳ֮󣬼˵ǻļ򻯵ͼҲĵͼֻһЩҪطˡϾǻ̫ӴˣҪϸرÿһطѶ̫ˡֻЩرϸĵͼ
ղ̨֣ͼҰܴ󣬶лˡҶǳмص˵ͷͼȻϸ֪˹ħڵķ򣬽ֻҪǸǰˡ
ң滹ͨħĴǳڣЩǳؿɶʱմģͨЩܿٵִħ
ȵ˹ħҰ׶ˡ
ҶҪȥħǿǺңԶĵطҹħǳΣգΪ߸ӵ׺ݣǿʳΪпᣬɱ¾ղ̨Ԫ
ҶǳЦвΣյĵطҪǿֻȥ
ղ̨Ԫһ漴Цг徢ǲ뿪ǳˡ
֪Լ츳ȥ洳ܻǳسưԡ
οֻҪŮղ̨³ɳԺȻԳΪ̫񣬵ʱҲܹˮǴߣǳسưԣڸһƬưԶˣαسȥðգ
ҶǳҲ⣬ÿ˵뷨һ
ܶɱ¾ϲǳسưҲ
Ͼֹие۵һ졣
ŻƴĶƽӹ˿δػС
ղ̨֣½һ̣ԺһЩͽͽչһҶǳ˵
Ժǳؾղ̨ˣҪ죬Ȼÿղ̨ɫ
Ҷַıǣղ̨ԪЦ˵ͬС飬صҶǳˡ
Ҷǳٶ̫ˣγȥûȻΪĴ˵Ҷǳһ졣

ղ̨Ԫһ֮Ҷǳ͸Լĸۡˡ
ĸۡѾıˣ˸һۡղ̨ܲ
ղ̨ԪԸģԺɲ̹
ëһ˾ʹбѺǧ֡
Ҷǳ֮һȺ˶ӭ
ëһҶǳһҶСӣ񾳽𣿡
ҲؿҶǳ
֪ҶǳԽնɱǧ峤˶ܡ
Ҷǳôǿ󣬴ǲڿǳվȽŸˡ
ǺǣѾˡҶǳЦ˵Ը˷ˡ
ҶǳһɨѾ̽鵽ѺǧˣëʵǷλ𣿡
ëŭǼһﲻ˵ĥ˵˵Ҫſ˵
ҪҶǳЦһֱӳŹѺǧֵĵطȥ
˶ȥ


1874 
һ棬ǧѾӡΪͬһѺſھаɿء
񣬰Ѿﵽ˰˽״۷徳磬ǧֻ߽״񾳽磬ָΪҲǰɵĶ֣οڱӡΪ
ǧѾˣİɣһƬꡣ
԰ɻЩӡǸҶǳͽܣҲղ̨»һû뵽һûɴСһһתڶǿˡ
ǧָӸпǣǧȻˣǧ峤ˣȻǵǸһСϡ
ṵ̂ģ֪ղ̨µٺ󣬵һʱ͸峤ҲͲЩˣ峤ҲõǹǧҲưǳء
ǧг̾
ϧûм磬ʱ䲻ܣҲˡ
ֻ̫̰ˣҪռǹȴ߹Լʵڹһ񣬻Ҷǳľš
䣡
һǿϢӲԶǧɫһףһƨڵϣȻؿǰҶǳ
Ҷǳ˿̸ǧ֣ɢǿϢǧֵľ

ǧҶǳĿг𾪣Ҷǳϸܵ˵һμǧĸоôĿֲ񾳽硣
Ҷǳͻˣ񾳽硣
֮ǰԽɱ񣬺ʣøǿˡ
ǳأδܹҶǳһսˡ
ǧɾղ̨Ԫղ̨£ҲҶǳĶˡ
ǧּ֣ˣ
Ҷǳǰǧ֣ҲЩп
һʶ˵ʱ򣬴˽ƾսܣǲ̡
ǧָ߽״һָǡ
ʱҶǳ˵ǧֱ޵еġ
ڣλ޵Сĵˣ˿ȴһԼĿг˿־;
û뵽һôǿɣҶǳһЦؿǧ֡
ǧ˿߽״֪Լˣô־嶼ûˣɬһЦһȻؿҶǳ֪գҵӦ֪ͨ峤ϧ̫߹Լˣǳɳʱ䡣
𣿡
ҶǳЦһǧ֣ҪǷλҷŹ㣬磬һںЩͽͽ˵ǳضղ̨£Ѿղ̨峤кڣҵЩͽͽˣҲలȫ
ô˵ġ
Ȼǧɫһ䣬漴ȻЦ֪ǿߣôںЩϵ
ҶǳûƭΪ߶ˣ֮ˡ
飬ҲֻںѣôںЩ֪˶ٴͽͽ
Ҷǳѣǧ⼸ҲˣʣµЩͽͽҶǳҲͲҪˡ
ԣҪвҶǳҶǳŹȻǲʵġ
ҶǳҿԸǷλãһССҪ󡣡
ǧֿҶǳɫһ䣬æ˵ģҲңµҲ֪ұɡ
˵Ҷǳ
ǧ˿漴̾һ֮Ҳƣǿܹ֮˳ְһЩͽͽҼȻҪˣҲϣܹһҵЩǡ
ٷϻҶǳߵûȤǧֵķϻ
ǧֿҶǳһЦϣҵ꣬ҵҲҪҵıǵ㱦˵ҲҪ㽫ҵͱһؾǵĻؾȻ㶪ҵǷ档
ǺǣҪǲ١ҶǳȻʧЦǧֵЩ뷨ؾǶ½˵ȷһ󱦲أȵĻؾţơ
Ͼǧ߽״бǶ½˵һ󱦲ء
Ҷǳ˵ֻһС顣ǧִ˿һؿҶǳ
ҶǳðɣҴӦ㣬һᰲȥ
лǧֵ˵ͷҲҶǳأϾҶǳľǿߣôܷء
˵ҶǳҲûв
ָЩ󱲵õıԺ󳬹Ҷǳôܣ
ŵĵҪôߣ͵ˡ
ϾܶԼȫ½磬Ҷǳľţ̫Сˡ
ǧҲϣܹһº󱲣ҲԼһ㸣ɡ


1875 ع
֮УһҲһ½ǺСȻ޷Ƚϡ
Ҷǳ̵ĵط
ıԵһؾҶǳﴳõˡջñ䡷˻ý硣
ǻ½ĻԵ
ʱһȺ½ǾﴳǱ˴ɱ
ֱһ죬һž޴׸֮УһȤؿǣŵȺĿɿڴȫͣˣȻ
ΪǴŴϸܵ˿ֲϢԴĿֲϢʵ̫˾ˡ
⵽ǺεȵĴڣ
񣬿ҲԶԶȲϰɡ
һЩԻ½ǿߣ˿̶ѣҴһ´ŭλصĿֲڡ
֪λǿ߿ڸߵλ棬˵еĻ硣
Ǽùң
ҶǳЩˣһЦ漴ϣŻ½롣
¡¡һֲɫ׵ϵس涼·ˣںֹⷽ档
һĻؾڵǿǶˣǸеҪˣޱȵĿֲ
䣡
գ赲סҶǳ˽ȥ
񾳽磬ͲһССֵܹģοҶǳǷǳǿ
ȥˣѵҪ𣿡˿Ҷǳȥף͵ǡ
˴˿Ҳûɱ¾ˣΪʵ̫ˣһλ޷Ŀֲڣⷽ档
ʣⷽ棬˿俹⡣
һԷҪǣôȻ׾١
һʱ䣬˶˼ᱦﰡ

Ȼһ𣬴žһ̡
ˣתͷǾ˿ȥ
Ҳһλǿߣڴ˵ٮٮߣǺᡣ
Ĵˣ˶һһЩ߲˵һЩǿȴüò̵һţСиʲô
λǵеٮٮߣǲ̵ĵһţĲ̣Ǿǻ½ĵһһǽͳĵһ粹ǿ
Ϊ̵ĵһţȻݵλʵǵһġ
˿̣λһһ𺳵ؿԶȥףЩŵ˵ѵûио׺Ϥ𣿡
ô㻹ʶǿǻĳǿߣʶǿ߳Ц
俴һۣԷЦݶʱ̣漴ڨڨˣټŭ
û׷ףʼػ½
û취ɷصģҶǳѾϣʱûлָҲʱԽȥ
ȥʲôѵؾһΣɲסĺѳ󺰵
ͷҲصغλǰǲ̵ʦүʦүˣؾʲô
֮Իһ𣬽š
̵ʦүǿһλΰڡ
λǰңԴ̣պɨ¡
ңõʱ仹ݣȥô£λǺĵһš
̵ʦү
ôܣ
̵ʦүѾôǿ𣿡
᲻ϴˡ
׳հʦүĻ͹ڲ̴֪ٴΣôܻϴ

һȺȫ۷׷ÿ˵϶ޱȣ̵ʦүȻˡ
Էǰô꣬Ȼܻǵжǿ
٣ǰǿߣɶûл
ȻҲҪʵġ

ʱ
̽أ롢Ϊﳤշ򸾡䡢ꡢԬκԪ˶۵
ëǷ֮Щ̵ġϱҲ˾Ļء
̵ķչѾˡ
İ½Ĺضչһ飬ʲôﶼûˣİģȥ磬֪ûĹء
ڵϣ
ҲˣǵΪʵѾˣϾëǷѾȥܶˣѾﵽ׼񾳽硣
ʱܳɾ񾳽硣
ֻǣûëǵϢǶûѡ
Ͼղ̨ѹǣóȻǷǳΣյģҵëǽӦС
ˣ϶ûĹأھ½ûˣ֪λڣĸҽĹأȥ𡣡Ц
ƲƲ죬ĹΪ˱ϾڵΪ磬ЩΪоĻѧǼһ
˵ֻûëļôãҲ֪ʲôǵɶʱܷͷ˵
ԶĽ꼥ЦҲ͸ôûʱ㻹Ǹ
ҶǳëϴʱȻҵëңëʱ䣬ҶǳȻֻ֪
ҹ
Ļͷһмھ˵ˣֻûëļܰôǲ֪ӵһμҶӵʱûëҶ˵Լ̫ջë˵㲻Ц˿ڣȻԼëյˣ
ҲݸЦ
ܿ죬ǾЦˣΪһɿֲϢŵǻս궼ڼ¶
˶̧ͷա
һϤľ޴ףϿգǡ
ղŵĻѾӰʯ¼ˣ͸硣ҶǳһϷŰؿ˵
Բۣ㡭㡭Ҷӣɴ۾ֿˡ
Ҳһ𺳣漴г˾ϲ
ݼʦү
ݼʦү
ʦү꣡

ͬʱĲ̣ϵµͨӣȫڵϸߺ
еž޴ףϤˣϾҪʦү
һ̣еĲ̵Ƕڼ˷ܡ


1876 ּ
ҶǳĻع飬ע½ڡ
ǻ½һĲ̣øǿˡ
ϾɵӶ̵֪ʦүι϶һЩƶв٣Ժ˭ܿⲹ̰
ʵϣҲȷˣҶǳȷ˲ٺö
һЩͽ׵Ҷǳ˵ûʲộȴԵɻòͳ½ˡ
һЩսܣܱȼ񼶱սܣһֻܺɨ½
ȻΪƺսܣҶǳЩս˽ƣֻڲΣʱܶá
ƽĻ̽Ҳ㶯á
Ϊ˷ֹЩǲ˼ȡսܵ
֮⣬ҶǳһЩԼͨѶƣƣЩֻڳɾʱ򣬲ܵõ
ЩȷǳأǾϵëӶعǳصĲ̣Σա
Ͼղ̨ԪټҶǳ壬ǳؿû˸ð̡
һУҶǳɣ뿪ⷽ档

صǳغҶǳëǸһЩ·׼뿪ǳء
˶ûֹǶҶǳľţǲǳСطġ
ӳǣ
Ҷǳ˿ͼ漴ֱӳӳǵķȥ
Ȼ֮еٶȱȷٻҪ죬۶Ҫ죬ӴĻ磬̫Сˡ
ͼϵĻֵľ룬ҶǳҪɵħǲ֪Ҫȵ¡
ԣֻг
ĳǳأֻӳдʹ
Զʹ󣬶ҪתǧΡҶǳЩ
ǧΣǾҪִＸǧǳأ⻹ǳԿǳغ͹ħ򵽵жԶˡ

ӳǡ
ָ
ʱּҴϺּҶϣһѿ֮ɫΪǰּҵˣּˡ
ּȻǿӵλ񣬵һһλʧЩԳܣ̫ˡ
磬ǳأ治ףСطô䣿ּҶһ֮ɫ
ּҴϳǳؾֻղ̨Ԫǧλ񣬶˵ʵȲ֣ʹ򲻹Ҳߡ
οͷ£ҲֹǰǳأҲǧģ֣ǳ˭ܹ֮⣿
ּҶü˵ȥǳصЩæҲЩأȻǶʲôƻ
ּҴϵֵܣ˴Ҳܣ̫ˡôˣҲܲܣȥǳز̽һ¡
Ͼּҵܾôˡ
ּҴɫһš
ּҶϳǻȥɣҪ塣
ãּҴϵ˵ͷ漴ҲҪȵִǳأڰܵ飬ǲܹԸġǵĻǾɱҲ޷⣬ǾֻܰҶˡ
ССһǳأӦûǿߣҷĳؾ֮СּҶҡͷһЦ
ǽãּҴϳ
磬֪ˣˣһеҵϢּҶ˵뿪ˡ

·֮У¡
ôãҶǳҲüʱˣϾʱֵ̫ǮˣѾԪޣֻܱɱ
Ҷǳһ߸·һռ
񾳽粻񾳽磬˾Ÿ
񾳽磬ֻгڡڡڡ۷壬ԼԲ
Բ֮ϣǾһΡ̫񾳽硣
ҶǳڣҲڣټϿֲ츳ڵǿߡ
ټϻýͻİаնԸڵǿˡ
ǳأ֮ǰɱǧղ̨ԪֻڣԶԶѷɫ
λȥּϣŷǳӽڣղ̨ԪҪǿö࣬ϧǹѹˣԱղ̨ºղ̨ԪԸŮɱˡ
ҵռƿڳ̫񾳽ʱڽ̫֮ǰҿԲõƿˡ
Ҷǳ뵽
ֻдﵽԲ磬ҪԽɱ̫ȴҪһֱԲ硣
ûƿһֱΪ
ҶǳȱԴҪӴĻʯƷʯƷĶ˵Ѿûˡ
ûлʯİҶǳҲ
ڽħ֮ǰȽΪ̫񡣡Ҷǳ뵽
ħΣյĵطڻңֻгΪ̫񣬲㡣
ңҶǳðļǿҪƥʵһȥƻֱȽϹѪŶΣ˵ԧ졣
ţˣ
ȻҶǳɫһĿԶȥ
ľΪǿˣܹ̽鵽ľǳԶһ񶼲
ʱҶǳĸӦ֮УһǿϢٶΪ񣬶һڡ


1877 
ˣ
Ҷǳǰ˵ʱǰҲҶǳϾǳСطǷǳĿġ
ǰˣּҶϡ
ڣ
ּҶһӦԷľ֮жʱˡ
ڣԸһڣǻаյġ
ϾܹԽսţӳǶûУ˵ССǳˡ
ּҶ˲жϣȫ
ǣּҶֱӳҶǳȥǳСطǷǳģҲ
ڣ
ͬʱҶǳҲӦԷΪ硣
Ҳһ
ڣаնԸģǻڣƽҪɱԷͲܵġ
ԣҶǳҲһǰȥ
Ҳ뿴˵˭ǳظʲô
Ͼǳǲ̣λڵǿߣǳػǺǿģ˭֪᲻в̣ȸ˵
ţȻҷˣּҶϸܵҶǳľٶɵȻʧЦǳػСطԼǿģҷ治
棬ɱϣԼǿģҪϢҲֻŪսܣɲñȥ
ɱ˶ᱦڻǺġ
ּҶΪԼǿҲ⣬Ҷǳ
ҶǳҲȥٶȶܿ죬˴˺ܿͽӽˡ
䣡
׵գͣסӣű˴ˡ
ҶǳŶּҶϣ΢΢һϳ˴˵ķΣǺǸּϵ·ЩƣѵҲּҵģ
ҶǳʵմҶǳ漴ʵ
ּҵˣҪΪǿˣϾǺּѾ𣬲лԹĿܡ
ּҶϴ˿ҲڴҶǳǧղ̨Ԫ֪˲ˣɵúӳּҵĶϣҶѵЩİǳظյõ𣿡
ܹҶǳս񲻾ãϢϤиˡ
ҪҪɱ˴ˣ
ּҶϵĿЩ˸ɱ˶ᱦҲǳɵġ
ɱ½ĺס
ǳСطӦúɡ
ȴ˵
ԭӳǵǿߣҶĳȥӳأҶǳЦ˵
һȻּҵˣһּҵĶϣôּҵĴϣҲڵǿˡ
ҶǳЩȣּҹȻǿ󣬲ǳСطԱġ
Լǰˣɱ˴ˣôʣּҴϣӦöǳûвˡ
£Ҷǳʼʩչý磬񾳽磬Ȼʩչý磬ɫҲԷ֡
ȻҪʱ䡣
ԣҶǳûмŶ֣˵ּҶҲ֪Ǿɱּϵ֡
ҶԭҪȥӳǰҲԣǳվ̫СˣԳɳ׳ɳ
ּҶϿҶǳЦȻΣգǻҲ࣬ҪΪǿߣվǳСط
֮䣬ǳغǱġ
͸׽磬˱һ
ֵ˵öԣǳ̫Сˣڽ񾳽֮󣬾ǰӳǡҶǳЦ
ּҶ΢΢ЦӳӣҶѳէЩӦ絽ּҵһ䳤ϣģҲûʲôֻǺϵּҳһЩÿ԰쵽Ǿͽ£ּ֮ٸ棬ǺӮǲˣҲʱ뿪ǳɣΣ
һ£ǳСط½񣬿±һľŽ״Ͼﶼ񾳽ˣ϶硣
ԣɱҶǳ罻ҶǳּҸ֡
ϾּѾʧһλʱһ񼶱Ŀ䳤ϣҲкܴĺô
ּҵĿ䳤𣿺ãҴӦˣұϾէּŵĵطҲкôҶǳЩϲ˵
ּҶҶǳӦɵЦˡ
ûаһˡ
գּҶҶǳʵҶѣҪһϢ֪ǳûвʲô޴Ķ˵񼶱սǧ壬ʲô
ҶǳѿڶǧʲôҲǻںղ̨ɣӶڳ񾳽磬ЩǰҵȷӦսĲʱڳ񾳽ҪʱҲûȥ鿴º󣬵˵ˣһλİ񣬲ǳء
ּҶɫһ֪ȥˣ϶ˡǣǳСطô˿ɱ
ţô£
ڴʱּҶͻȻüҶǳɫѿڸʲô
ܵһ˿ԾΧһڷ
£ΪҶǳֻڣɱԼɣ
ЦһڣҲɱ
ں֮Ĳ໹Ǻܴġ
ȻҪɱˣ
Ҷǳ˿Ѿú˻ý磬գõĴ˻ˡ


1878 ռ
ɱң
ּҶһ㶣漴ŭЦŶҶǳɵ֪ηһŸոսڣȻҪɱڣʲô£ڴǾԽɱУڵ񾳽磬㻹ΪԼԽɱ𣿡
ּҶҲǰ׳գ֪Ҷǳ֣һա
һǳ߳½жٱ£жټʶ
ּҶǰͼһЩ׳գڴ񾳽ԽɱУǾ;Լţڽ֮ҲԼԽɱС
Ƿ񾳽ʹ񾳽ͬڴ񾳽ԽɱУ񾳽ҲܹԽɱС
Ҫ֪ΪԽԽɱеѶȱԽ
ЩСط񣬾Ǽʶ̫ˣЩȻɱڡ
ּҶЦһйâһһ񼶱ƣŶҶǳɱȥ
ˣԭһѣּҵĿ䣬Ȼ㲻ʶ࣬ҽ֪ǳСطߣһֱ죬Դ󡣡
ּҶϻ䣬еųҫ۵Ĺâһǿĵ¶֮Ҷǳݺݵغȥ
һǳֲƽնᴩˣĺˮ׷ױһŭХ
Ҷǳɫ΢䣬˵ʵȷǿԶԶǧ
񾳽磬ȻһΣǳ޴
Ҷǳ޾⣬ͺһͷų
ͬʱýڽ٣Ƭس׷
ţ
ּҶϣʱһƤҪˣһɹǿ١
ǿĻý磬ƣּҶϴһǿͦסýǺķܴʵ½ĺܿ졣
㱻ʵ
⻹û꣬ΪҶǳĻҲ֮ϯּҶûȥˡ
ּҶɫ䣬Ĵ׹Ͼһ¡
۵Ļ򣬿ж֮ɫ
ڻ֮УּҶϵʵѸ½
֮ǰʵ½һˡ
ԭڵּҶϣ˿ֻܱڵʵˡ
ռ
ڣҶǳͳûɱˣ屬ʵӳɣһٴﵽھ硣
ټռļӳɣҶǳĹﵽڡ
һռ۳һµĺ綼ûˡ
¡¡
ڲϵ
ּҶɫҰף۾ɴϴ𾪺Ͳš
Ҷǳʵ̫ǿˣֱ
һССǳأôľ
Ÿոս񲻾ãܹڵʵһǿĻýͻ
ľڻЩ֮УǶһĳŰ
ľţ˵ССǳˣǱӳǸӴĳǳأҲ
ּҶһû뵽Լֱ̬ѹֶԷеɱ
˵
ۣ
һ£ӿȣּҶشѸƻ϶ѷ졣
ּҶȻһͽشɡ
һּ̣Ҷϳ׼ˣæҶѣл˵Ը⽻ϵбһ
Ǻǣּҵ϶Ѿɱˣһ𣿡Ҷǳᣬɱ
ӺƺƵգҪּҶϳ˽ȥ
Ȼ
ּҶԣɫ˲ҰһƬЩ¶ˣڶԷС
ҲԣǳطҲʹ˿նɱˡ
ּҶϴһھŭţҴԲŹġ
û˵꣬ͱɱƬ
ȻڴʱҶǳռһ䣬·һҶǳƿأּҶϵĵɽȥ
ô£Ҷǳһռûз״Ȼȥɱ˵ĵ
Ȼ𾪵Ļں档
ڴ˿̣ռɵּҶϵĵռѸ׳һֱֵ֣Ҷǳˡ
ҵΪȻ˲٣ҪɼڣǾϽˣ
Ҷǳ˿̵ɴ۾ϲ
û뵽Լ֮ռȻɱ˵
˵ԺֻҪɱ֣ɱ˵ĵܿΪѰһʯˣ
ɻٶȼӿ졣
Ҷǳʱ˷ܲѡ


1879 ǰʯ
ռȻɱ˵ĵ׳ԼҶǳϲѣɳٶȾͿԼӿˡ
ֻҪϵɱ߾͹ˣʯˡ
ϾʯҪʱ䡣
ңںܶʯЩռݣҶǳһɢҪȡЩѶ̫ˡ
ɢֻȥЩȡһ·
ܶᷢһЩΣյɢȥɣɢҲˣһ㲻ۡ
ɢΪ棬ֻܱЩá
ԭҶǳҲֻ·ںˣȥɱ˵ĵ׳ԼҪʯˡ
ȥӳǣȥǳأԼҶǳ뵽漴ǰӳǡ
׼ӳǶվСطߵʵǵĵҲԼ
ΨȥһЩǳأ繷̫УʺҶǳ

ӳǡ
ָ
ּҴϿǰѵƣʱɫ䡣
ּҶϲǰǳزãٶȣ²Ÿոյִǳأˣ
ʲôʱһССǳأôΣˣ
Ҫ֪ӳǱ׹ȵСĻôǳؾ൱һСׯǺƶСׯ
СطΣղŶԣοּҶϵʵǳǶһģ˭ɱ
ǳӦ÷䣬Ȼܽλ񡣡
ּҴɫһҪôӳеǿڹּҡ
٣ȻּҴϺȵ
һߴӰܿͳּҴǰּҵμ١
ףкηԸɻ
ּҴϿټھӢӵܺл׼ӳǡ
ʲôԴʧɫŵؿּҴϣף׷ʲô飿
ּҴϰѵһ̯ǰǳأ϶ȥ̽ûãҲǳءһڰּңΪ֮ƣֻ뿪ӳǡ
׼ˣϾּҶҲڣʵһ㣬˼ȻɱּҶϣôԸҲѡ
ڻ紳ôãּҴϻǷǳģֵ˾ˣֻҪ廹ڣֻҪûּɿڻ緱ȥ
ǣףϾȥţɫ䣬ּҾλλȷشʧΣּҵİΣˡ
οлдп飬ʱߣٹһʱ䣬¾߲ˡ
ѵң
ּҴϿȥıӰ¶һĨɻ֮ɫӳǣּҵĵˣֻˣɡ
ǳأ
СǳأСطôܻвּҵǿߡ
ֻӳǵңԸּңֻҪңʵȥһЩǿ߳֡
ǳСطûǿֵ߳ıǮ
֮ˣңҲֻҪּҸϳӳǣֻҪּ뿪ˣҲϾɱϾһҲʧּҴϰһ̾
òӳһߣּҵҲѹˡ
ǻĲпᷨǿʳδ䡣

ӳ𣿡
ӳ⣬Ҷǳǰһΰǳأ΢΢Щ𺳣ǳرղ̨ҪӴĶˣ۶ǽı߼ʡ
Ӵĳǳأڻ磬ȻֻһСǳء
ӴٴҶǳ𺳡
ûипãҶǳǷѣǳ֮ҲûжƬ̣㳯Ŵ㳡ȥ
ӳСǳأûҪ
ּңּһһϣҲֻڣһˣв̡
Ͼղ̨ԪʵҲӦһġ
οղ̨Ѿõǹܿͻ𣬵ʱ˵ǳˣӳǣǾǿߡ
ǰҪȥ㳡һ߽״һضǰҶǳ
Ҷǳ˵ʯǣ
߽״һ漴æ˵ǰʯǴǳأúܹǰǶԴͣǵ˴һͣ
ԴͣҶǳ˵漴ӸԷһöָ洢Ʒʯ
ЩƷʯնɱּҶϺõսƷǿ͵ķá
ǰϴ󣡡߽״һ´ָеĻʯ漴æԱߵĴ
Ҷǳ̤ȥһҫ۵İɫâʧӳǡ
λǰ󷽣ȻԳ󣡡߽״ſյĴһĽ
һԳһˣһ߳󣬶ǵ˴ߣϾĻһٸ˾ƽ̯ķã˵˺ܶ࣬ǳ㡣
ҶǳԳǾ൱һ˸һٸ˵ķãֱ
ҶǳҲΪ˽ʡʱ䣬Ͼӳǰʯǵ˺٣ǵȴһٸˣǲ֪ҪȶãûôС
ʯǴּҶõģֲҪʯΪȻˡ


1880 ѧԺ
ʯǣǱӳǻҪǧĴǳء
ǾʯǣڻҲͨǳأ֮ϣгǳء
ǳصĳǶ㲻𣬱̫Ҫǿǲǻһ
ʯǵĳֻ̫񣬲˵̫Ҳǿߣʯǡ
Ͼھʯִǳ֮Уɲֹһλ̫
ҶǳŸо˻ǿ֮ء
ΪҶǳ´ʱӭ濴Ķ񣬴ٵÿ
ȻڴǳطǲģֻŸ
ţ̫񣡡
ȻҶǳһԶһλ߳ŸԶһ¥ȥ
ǿϢҲԶԶԽҶǳľĸо
̫񼶱ǿߡ
СһҪҿСĵˣȻԱһֿ
Ҷǳһתͷȥһֳ־޸Ļ۴󺺣Цش
۷壡Ҷǳ˿ǰ۴󺺵Ϊɵһ
Ȼǿ߱ذǳغӳǸһȣСط
лǰѣҶǳ漴֣ص
۴󺺰˰֣ЦǺǵ񣬲óƺǰΰ켴ɡ
ԭ֣ҶǳҶǳ˵ͷҲûоᡣ
ΰƼҶǳˬ죬ЦĸӿˣЦʵҶֵǵһʯǰɣҿŽ񲻾ã͸ʯǣʮ㰡
Ҷǳǫʯǳʶ첻ȥٻСǳȥ
ΰЦҲԣʶҲãû׼ãõʲôһɳ졣
ҶǳЦʵӦǾʯǵǰˣˣէҪʲô
ΰѿڶЦǵȻҪҸŵĵطҵһҶֵܣȻֹɱˣڳ⣬ȴɱǲµġԣҪĻһҪڳڣڣһ˳ǣǾΣˡ
֪СǳҲĹأֻǲ֪ҪھʯţҪķѶٻʯҶǳʵ
ΰڳţҪѡ񡣱˵򷿣϶ķۣŬô꣬𣬸οˡ
Ҷǳĵ˵ͷҲ֪ڵķܹɱЩϵ
ⲻֹɱˣҪסǾ͵ùԹڳ򷿣ԭֵǮأʱ͹ˣ׬˲ٻʯ
򷿣ʵ򵥵ģǼĳ
ΰ˵ңͼ˾ʯңһ䳤ϣѾסĵطҵĹãż񣬻ȡƵĻʯ
˵գΰ쿴ҶǳҡͷȻڣǼңҲֻܵΧ֣ȻŵĵطΧֲӣҪ͵жսʺܸߡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷʵ֣ǻŵķʽ𣿡
ΰаȥջֻǿջúܸߣסʱλԣʱ䳤ˣٶʯҲܲ𡣡
ҶǳЦջסס컹ࡣ
ΰЦ˵ʵһ취Ҫıˡ
ŶҶǳ¶֮ɫ
ΰָŲԶһ¥Ц˵ղλ̫ǰǾʯǵĴ¥¥λǰǾʯ¥¥
¥ҶǳԺֺܴ¥Ӧò򵥰ɣ
ΰЦȻ¥ѧԺѧԺǻһָĳ¥鲼磬ÿǳضһ¥˵ǿǿ
ǿҶǳһ𺳣ж󣿵жٴǳأ
ÿǳضһ¥ж¥
ң¥¥̫
ѧԺжôֲ
ֱ
²ǻľްԡ
ˣ֣ѧԺƺѧԺѵǻѧԱ𣿡ҶǳȻʵ
ΰһȻѧԱѧԺһѧԺǻĵһѧԺ֪ܲѧԺʷ׷ݵʱ˵ǻʱһλǿߡۡġ
ʱǱȵʱҪԶҶǳЩ𺳣ѧԺʷƾð
ɲΰп˵̫۶ѧԺѧԺؽеѧԺңǵױֵġ
ҶǳһĶɵʵ֪βܽѧԺ𣿡
ʲôѧԺΰԣһ׳յؿҶǳ
ԱһЩ·ˣҶǳĻ󣬶ҶǳͶЦĿ⡣
ҶǳüѵѧԺˣ
ΰЦҡͷҶֵܣªˣѧԺֻվţûо츳㱳ٴ󣬶ûʸȥοѧż̫񾳽磬̫񾳽磬μӿ˵ʸûС
Ҷǳ𾪣ż̫ѧԺڵѧԱ񲻶ǳǿߡ
ҶֵܣѧԺ̫ңԶ¥㻹һԡ
ΰָŲԶ¥˵ÿ¥齨һ֧۾ֻҪͨˣܳΪһ۾ʱ㲻ھʯţԺȥĴǳأȥЩ¥ţһ˻㡣
˵ΰȻЦ۾ڱֺõĻлõμѧԺ˵Ȼǰôﵽ̫񾳽硣
Ҳ˵ЦϾҪﵽ̫񾳽̫ˡ
ңΪ̫ҪѧԺѶҲǳ޴
ŶھƾʲôԾĹǣ
Ҫ֪ЩѧԺţܶ඼Ǵġ
ͨɢޣܹǾ
ѧԺ¥
ҶǳԶ¥йâ
ôãѰҰһһĿꡣ
ѧԺ
ΪĵһѧԺһǿߵҡУ϶°빦
ңҶǳΪԼҲǾţţӦȥѧԺһ
ҶǳеԼЩѪˣþûôг徢ˣ·صս½صʱ
ǳأûһţղ̨ϣھʯǣʵҲʲô
Ͼղ̨ǰ̫ھʯǣҲֻܳưһ
ѧԺżеأۼľš
Ǿһ֮ء
ҶǳԴѡ
һڳԣҶǳ֪ԼڻûʸѧԺĿǰõѡ񣬱Ǽ¥Ϊһ۾Ժ취ѧԺ
л֣Ҿȥ¥Ҷǳ漴ΰǡ
ΰЦ˵Ե֣ףԸҶֵ쿪ʤȻʧҲûϵҪңʱҡ
лֹգҶǳ˵ͷ漴ĿΰԶȥ
ʯǣһ˵ǿߡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦŲԶ¥ȥ


1881 
¥ǳ֡
¥ֻһ¥Ǻܴ󣬵ǵȵҶǳȥ֮󣬲֪ж죬ֱ൱һ硣
¥֮У
ȻЩ¥еĹԱ߼
Ҷǳ߽ȥ֮һһ״ӭӣһŰ۵ŮǳƯһʥζ
ǰʲô԰ģŮɫʵвûκη֮ɫ
Ȼڵľߺܶ࣬¥ÿ춼ܼ̫ʱ䳤ˣȻҲϰˡ
ο˭¥
̫Ҳң
Ҫμ۾ĿˣҶǳһ˵ţһߴ¥
¥еӶ֯Ϊ۾ǳΪһӶԽȡ¥нҿȼ
ˣԻѴۣ¥ʲô񶼿ԣֻҪ㸶Ǯ
ҲӶ֯ͬӶɢҵģ൱һɢ޾ۼ
۾Ĺȴϸһ֧ľӣʱпȥĳط̡
ԭǰμ۾˵İŮԣæҶǳŲԶȥ
һǼһϢȻȥ֤һΪϢҶǳõһš׼֤
Ҷǳ
ԱУܰʾĳЩߣûŮʱŮ֮л磬Աġ
Ϊڡ

õˡ׼֤֮Ҷǳ㱻Žһۣ˸λ¡
ͷĹˣѾвˣǧ֮࣬Ȼμ۾˵кܶࡣ
λѣݣʵմҶǳĴʱԱλϵһ˿˹Цʵ
ҶǳתͷȥЦҶǳ֡
Ҷֵܣǵһβμ۾˰ɣЦʵ
ҶǳüͷһΪʲô֪
ݹһЦ漴ָΧЩĿˣЦ㿴Щ϶ڱĿûʲôģΪѾֹһμ۾ˡЩһͷĹˣźĿģǾǵһμӿˡȻҲһЩģɫ򶨣ҲѧЩĿ񣬵˲Ǻܶࡣ
ҶǳȻ
漴ҶǳݣʵֿӲǵһβμ۾ˣ
֮ǰѾμӹһˣʧˣģˣϣܹɹɡݹЦ
Ҷǳʵ۾Σʧܻܼμӣ⿼˵ʲôָһ
΢΢Ц۾Ҫ˵ΣգǻеģɢƴΣո󡣾֪ÿ۾˵ڰٷ֮ʮңһǧ˲μӿˣһٶˣƴΣСˡ
ڿ˵ݣǾͶȥˣɱ¾Ѱʲô˴˼Ҳпɱϴο˵ݲͬȫ¥¥ƶ
ݿҶǳ˵ڿʧˣǲ߶ԼģԼϴֻһͨ˿ˣǾͿԼ룬ûƵġ
Ҷǳ˵ͷӶһӶҪˣǮֱӵǼǡ
۾һмɵģ¥ɲҪһȺԿҲϸɸѡ۾츳ǻۣ޷ͨ˵ġ
¡¡
Ҷǳ˼ʱһ˲仯һ㣬ʧ֮С
ÿ죡Ҷǳ̽ӳȥΧľɫٶ̫ˡ
Ȼ죬һλ̫ʻпˡԱߵЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷѹô죬۵ٶȣʻ˵Ϊйϵʻ˵ΪԽߣٶȻԽ졣
Ҷǳ˼һ۾ȴŵִ￼֮ء
Źȥһʱ䣬һ䡣
Ҷǳ۾̽ӳȥѾֹͣˣһ޴󷨵Ͽա
ҶǳҲ󷨣һ۾Ϳһ־ܵ󷨣͵ǳزμӻĵսЩơ
û뵽ο˾ȻҪǻɱҶ֣ʱǿң飬ɱСԱߵ̾˿Ҷǳɬ
ҶǳɻԼã
ݿЦӦÿԿ󷨾͹ܣһȥ֮󣬾ͻᱻ͵󷨸ءǷյ󷨣ֻܻɱˡľ飬ӦûƣֻҪõƣͨˣΪһ۾
Ҷǳһֻƣѵôˣ¥ֻ¼ȡˣ


1882 Թ
ԣ¥ÿξˣԲᳬʮˣҪ¥Ѷȷǳ󡣡
ݵ˵ͷ
Ҷǳ࣬¼ȡ̫ˣ˵Ҳһǧˣֻ¼ȡǾʹˡ
ԣҶ֣лĻȫȺϾܶ˶ȱ˴˺һҲƥжԷüˡʱ
ҶǳɫЦȥڸأ˵û˴ˣǾпܱ̭ˣл
ǰԾͿˣ
ݵ˵ͷ漴ѵʵֿʲǺܸߣĹأ󷨾жλĹܣһȣͻͳȥȻǰȵܹȥһ˳̫ˣˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷֵĻýֱӽ٣ƾôȶȥ
Ҷֵܣ㿴ԷкüˣǾ͸ϽȣǾˡݼѵԵЩġ
ҶǳҲûж룬ЦŵͷлѣһעģлǾͺһ¡
ãݵ˵ͷ漴վŲԶһȥ
ҶǳעΧֺܶ˶һʼϵһЩˣ׼
Ȼǰᣬܹۡ
ǰ̭Ǿûˡ
ԣ˶ǰύһЩˣԼȥ
ȻҲкҶǳһģҪôΪԼʵǿ󣬲м˺ҪôǶйˣϰ߸˺
˺١
ҶǳһߴΧһ߳˼š
˴ɱ
⵹һΪĺûᣬҲβͨˣܹΪֱһá
Ҷǳڴš
˵ĺҶǳû̫⣬Ȳ˵ȥǷˣҲҪ־衣
ϾҲŸʶ𿴶ԷһЦݣЦصˣһ·Ҷǳ̫ˡ
Ҳ£Լ츳ЩںڵУӦԺɨˡ
ȻҶǳҲҪ㣬Ͼ˫ȭѵ֣̫࣬ҲŲס
ˣ
ڴʱλʻ۵̫˹ţһ˫ɨˣ˵ˣοֻ¼ȡĸˣѾĿ۾ƶȥˣֻҪܹҵҽܳΪ۾
˵գλ̫ͣһ£ĮȻ˵ʲô⣬ھʣҸһӵʱ䡣
ԣҲûִΪ֪ԽִһӾ˭ˣȫ˷ˡ
ˣվǰһæʵǰҪã֮ǻ𣿡
λ̫񵭵ÿ涼Ҳõ󷨣ǵʵȫҪʮʱ䡣ֻҪûȫ˾ͿԳᣬһȫƣǾͻᱻͳĿƶ˶ᱻͳ
˵գ̫ˣ˵ǵЩˣҲˣǣ¥ǱȽʴȵˣڿ֮УֻҪȣͻᱻͳǺȳˣҲˡ
Ȼ
ˣһӵˣҳɣһŶȥλ̫˵գתȥ
ҲŶ߳ۡ
ȵҶǳ߳ʱ֮һԾʱʧ֮С
ϣλ̫ҶǳıӰüͷ΢΢𣺡СЩŹ֣ΪŽ񲻾ãҵĸо򶨣·ڲμӿһ
Ҫ֪¥Ŀ˺ϸ񣬲ҾпᡣΣֻ¼ȡĸˣһǧˣֻ¼ȡĸˣ̫пˡ
ˣμӿ˵ˣеġϾû˿Ա֤ԼһܹõһƣжЩźġ
Ҷǳȫž޲ɫ򶨵Ĳ񻰣λ̫ЩȺɻ
ΪҶǳҪôʲôҪô龳ܸߡ
λ̫Ҳû̫⣬ֻһȺںڵСһֺܶ࿼ˣ̫ˣͲˡ
ţ
ǺǣôãټܹԽսšţһ֣ͳΪеĹˣСطѵš
Ҫ˵ģԽСطԽԵšֻЩǳأпܳšλ̫񰵰뵽

ͬʱ
֮С
ҶǳѾһε棬ΧǸǽ߲ʣƺн󷨣ɶɲϣֻǰߺˡ
䣡ҶǳԱߵǽںݺݵغţǽһ£û顣
Ҷǳ֪ǽ̫õķ󷨣ʵ޷ơ
ԣԹ𣿡Ҷǳ˿ǰٿ˿棬ֻ·ߡ
ټߵĸǽн󷨣޷ﱻӡˡ
ԣֻǰ󣬱·֪̽˶޷
൱ڰһԹ֮С
ȻԹ֮УѰĿƣڼǱ˴ͻụɱᡣ


1883 Ѹǿ
ҶǳԹ֮УýѾ٣͸գʹ˵صԹΪһ塣
һֻҪ˽ĻýַΧڣǾͱӳȥ
ΪôȣҲӦѾ׹ҶǳĻý֮ˡ
Ϳֹߡ
Ҷǳɫ䣬ǰȥɲΪͨˣȻΪ۾
ȻôõĻᣬǵȻҪɱ¾һЩˣһЩ
ɱˣûʲôУϾܹһ·񾳽磬˭һ·ɱģ
ЩѵǺˣ
ڵġ
ڻпĵطɱɱ㡣
ҶǳʵһЩ˵ͨˣڿ֮еĿԶܴ
ˣҲˣ㵹ù
ȻҶǳǱȽʴȵģʵֻڵΪһָսڡ
Ļˣûж֣ͲԱ˳֡Էһ֣ɱ⡣
ҶǳţԷʵȻֵġ
ҪֲֵģǿܾǡˡˣҶǳҲŶԷһ
䣡
Ҷǳ˼֮ʣһҫ۵ĵأǾ޴ޱȵĵâȻ˺գҶǳնɱ
ҶǳЦˡ
⻹û棬Էˣ˲ɱŹ
û˿ԥҶǳȫ߶ý磬Ҳ֮ϯȥý硣
ⲻܣһֵĽ
Ҷǳȴ⣬ϻ˵һ䣬ȭɱ˹ȥ
һڵļһýˣֱˣڵΪάֲסﻹҶǳĶ֡
ȭ֮䣬ͱҶǳɱˡ
ռѸ˴˵Ĵ
һҶǳռ׳һ֣ںܽӽˡ
ٶ̫ˡ
ҪʯģֱڴʱڽٶȻҪ졣
ο˽֮ٿԽڣпܽڡ

Ҷǳǰ·мѡ
ν񾳽磬ռ䣬ȻѸΪֱ̫ˬˡ
ҶǳȥҪ˶ã̫ܽˣȻ񡢻񡭡
˻̫ˡ
»ڻȻΪһ
ż飬Ҷǳʼӿٶȣǰȥ
úָӦһİϢͬһڵʿ
Ҳɴ࣬һҶǳȳ֡
ϾҶǽμӿ˵ģΪĿ۾ƣ˴˶Ǿߣһᶼɱ
Ҷǳ״ҲͲʴȣֱӻýӻ֣ȻѰ˼ɱˣɵ˵Ĵ

ʱţҶǳȻûҵ۾ƣȴѾɱʮˣռͻˡ
ҶǳΪҲڣһʵøǿˡ
֮ǰȫֻ֣ڣҼ֮У¶޵еˡ
Ҷǳ֮󣬸Լʵɵܡ
ƾսռѾӵڵʵ
ʵȻδǿеڡ
ҪˣҶǳлýͻ
ֻҪֶһ˾ͬڣҲᱻѹƴΪʱҶǳĶ֣
˵⣬Ҷǳڼڵ޵еˡ
ǰԹ֮УһȺںڵߣҶǳУֵһᡣ
ǣҶǳɱ¾ӿˡ
ʮʮʮ
Ҷǳߣȫɱˣûһ
ҶǳĻý֮Уκȶûá
ңҶǳʵǿˣڵߣ׽ɱ
ڽɵ˵Ĵ֮ҶǳռѸ׳ΪҲڳ
ٶȷǳ죡

Թ֮⡣
У¥̫񱳸˫֣վУԹ
Ȼüͷ΢΢Щɻ
ô£Щ˵Ϣôʧô죿⿼˲Ÿտʼãôʮˣ
λ̫ȻܿԹڵȴܹظܵЩϢһʧϢȻˡ
ǣҲ̫ˡ
ľ飬˽֮󣬲Żһʮˡ
ڣ˲Ÿտʼôʮˣ
ţ
ֹһʱ䣬λ̫ɫױˡ
ΪʱڣмʮˣҲ̫ˡ
ʲôʱ¥Ŀˣʱôˣ
һȺںڣ˴ʵв࣬ҲֱܱɱŶԣѵȻ
ʵʮˣȣ̰ģΪƲġ
ĻڣڣҾ򲻹㣬ҲϺȣȻԹ󷨽ȡ
ϧһΣҶǳҶǳĻýһ֣ǽƺûá


1884 ʿɶֹ
۾ҵģ˭Ҹ顣
磬˵ƽ֣ȴҪ̡
۾ֻһöôƽ֣
磬ȱҵƣƽ֡

ʱһĸڵǿ߾ۼһˣһΧм䣬պܽš
Ϊмˣһ۾ơ
ĸ˵ʵǿڣĶ飬ο֮Уǿһеˡ
Ϊһƣĸ˵˹ϵѾˡ
磬һĿƣԼһֵʵȻȫʱһһ飬Ǹáһ˶м˵
磬ֻҪȲƣƾȸ㱣档ԱҲ˵
мǡ硯ԣһЦ˵ĺ˭֪ô룿һҲʱ򣬳ûɱңǰˡңǶû˼
Χޱ飬û˼
˵ĺһ磬ֻͨѣΪ棬ֵܶ˴ɱ
磬ûõģһ˸ǵĶ֡ң㻹ܺȣһȣ˿뿪ȴߡһ˵
ǡ硯ɫҲû֮ǰȷܺȡ
˿Աͳȥȴᡣ
ֻƣܽƴȥ
¡¡
սŵʱһýͻȻٶ£ȫ档
ǱˣƽҰɡһĵ
һȫķȥ
ԶҶǳ˫֣ƵһǿϢѾﵽ۷壬ˡ
ĸȴһЦֻһڶѣΪ˭ء
ĸڣѵԸһڣ
Сӣ𣿡һЦ
Ҷǳȥġ
Сӣ̫ˣһģ㵱˭Űһ˳Ц
ܿ죬Цݾˡ
Ϊ˿̣ýͻȻһʵ
ĸɫ䣬ʶýĿֲ֮
ֵǣȱˣɱ򵥶Ե˲ǿԿġǡ硯
˶˵ͷ
Ҷǳ۷壬ͱǿʵ֣δҶǳĶ֡
ֻ֣һ¶ˡ
¡¡
ȻڴʱҶǳĻϯС
£˸ӻ̿ˣΪǸоԼʵڷ½һµ˺üɡ
գ֮䣬ǵʵͱ˴룬ڵΪάֲסڡ
ôܣȻл򣡡
ֿµôӵУ
ǾţΣˡ
Ⱥҡ

˾УûãҶǳǿڵʵǰѾڵǣ֣ҲֵסҶǳһһɱ
¡¡
˵䣬Ҷǳռ֣˵Ĵȫɡ
λڵĴҶǳɼʮڵĴҪǿ
˲䣬Ҷǳռٶͻơ
ҶǳΪҲʽڡ
䣡
ǿϢҶǳϯȥΧնһ
Ҷǳ͸ҵĹâܡ
ֱǿˡ
Ϊ׵ڣսռӣȫ۷徳ˡ
ټϻýͻ۷徳統Уǿһеġ
ǿģֻԲˣ֮ϵ̫
ߵһҶǳʵûлѶʱ䡣
񾳽磬ڶûйȥá
ڴ񾳽ǼֱҪ̫ˡ
Щ˵Ĵ˵ܿܽ۷徳磬ʱԲ֮ж޵еģ̫ˡ
Ҷǳ˷ܡ
ڴʱһȣԹ֮С
˭Ǹʿɶֹȵ˽ԲŹ㡣λ¥̫ͻȻ쳹Թ
Ҷǳһ㶣漴Ц
֪Է˵ġ
Էһ֪ɵģȴܹӦԹĺܿ졣
ⶼѾϰٸˣʮҲѹλ̫ʶˣԲų档
ҶǳһʱЩԥˡ
ɱ¾ȻԽΪ۷徳磬Ȼλ̫ڿɲλ̫Ķ֡
ңԷ¥ǿǻǿ֮һ͸ӵﲻˡ
ˣ´һɣҲһʱҶǳջǾˣ͵ؿʼոյõơ
ԺǣûҪ¥λ̫


1885 ܲʸ
Ҷǳ۾ƣϢʱӡ֮УҲΪһͨ۾
ʱҶǳڽ֮дϢ
ЩϢǹ¥ѧԺġ
ԭ¥ֱΪ¥¥
ڻǳе¥ǴǳҲãǳǳأʵֻ¥¥
¥̫ˣȫһ֡
¥¥һֱֻڻ򡢹͹ħС
ÿһ¥ѧԺ˲ŻأΪÿ¥һѵӪֻҪܹгΪǰܲμѧԺĿˣлΪѧԺһѧԱ
Ȼ㲻ܽǰֻҪܽǰһûΪѧԺѧԱҲܹΪһλ¥¥һưһǡ
ЩģܹȥһЩǳص¥Ȩƾ͸ˣȳΪѧԺѧԱ
ѧԺ֮УеĶһЩʲôﰡ
ҶǳЩϢ֮󣬲ɵһ𺳡
¥̫Ӵˣֱ鲼磬ʹѧԺҲھš
ֻŲܽУѡѧԱ붼֪
ҲҶǳĶˡ
һطȻϣܹȥġ
Ͼȥֵط죬øǿ
ֻҪβȥ¥ѵӪҶǳʱ֪
ݣ
Ҷǳ˼֮һɫĹ档
һ̣Ҷǳ˱ŰɫʧԹ֮С
ȵҶǳ߻ָ֮ʱͿǰһǿӰλ¥̫
ǰҶǳæ
¥̫Ҷǳ۾΢΢һУڣСӵ֮ǰΪȻҶˡ
ҶǳڨڨЦǰ¥û˵ڲμӿˡң֮ǰҲڣֻ۷壬ʱͻ˰ˡ
ʱͻƣߣͻƵô𣿿϶ǰѾͻƵıԵѹŲͻƣҪ뿼֮ͻơλ̫ߵ
Ҷǳڨڨһ£ҲûнͣϾֱܲ˵ҿɱ˵ĵΪɣ
ɵҲ֪һ֪Ǻܻܿвõ³
Ͼ̫ˣκ˵һв
ˣСҲҪ̫ˣ
ǰ̫ųĬҶǳЦ¥û˵ڵμӿˣֻǺڵμӿˣΪǿߣڳĸ壬ܵһλ䣬δؾҪΪ۾
˵գ̫Ҷǳ˵ңֻҪڵΪֱӳΪ۾Ҫˣ㲻֪һ𣿡
Ҷǳһ㶣治֪һ㣬ɵһЦǴСطģ֪أԲΪȵ۷壬Ÿμӿˡ
Ȼ˵滰ֻȺŪԷˡ
㰡Ҳ֪ǰ˴һ¿˵Ĺءǰ̫ԣɵúЦҡҡͷ
ҶǳڨڨһЦʱ˳ˣ˵Ҳʼ
һЩ̭ˣ˺ܾãųһƵˡ
ֱĸƵӵ߶֮ҶǳûпǸǰԼԱߵˡݡ
ʣλμ쿼˵ġˡվһο֮С
Ҷǳɵðһ̾һοһٶˣһٶɱˣʣʮû뵽ݣɼ治á
䣡
۷Ҷǳһ˿ʼؾʯǡ
Щûͨ˵ˣһǷȻλϣҶǳĸƵӵߣλ¥̫һ䳵ᡣ
ʱ̫ǰҶǳˣ΢΢ЦȹϲǳΪ۾¥ѧԺϢǶѾ֪ˣʲô⣬ھͿҡ
λ̫֮ǰ䵭ڶҶǳˣȴ̬ȱˡ
Ҷǳ֪ΪڳΪ۾һˣ̬ȻͲһˡ
뵽Ҷǳæʵǰһ£ҪβȥܲѵӪʲôҪμʲôˣ
Ҷǳ˻һˣһ׳յؿҶǳ
ǰ̫Ҳһ㶣漴һЦõشҶǳЦСӻ־ȻȥܲѵӪҪȥܲɲףŲС
ҶǳæʵôܱжΪţ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪܹͬʱʮͬߣʸǰܲ
ǰ̫һϷŰؿҶǣЦ˵Թ֮ɱЩںڲһҪԸģʮһﵽڵǿߡͬ磬һʮһš


1886 ͨ
һʮ
Ҷǳԣʱһ
ͬһʮʵ̫ˡ
˵һʮˣһа٣С
Ͼڣʵȴ۷޵С
ʵԸڵߣһٸں
οЩýͻ֮еߣסڵʵᱻ
ʱ򣬼ٶ࣬Ҳûá
ҶǳҲ֪׾ֵܱ̫ҫˣˡ
ңòҪ¶ֻ¶ýȽϺá
ӵлýţȻټ绹вٵġ
ӵлţ¾ָˣֻҶǳһˡ
νľַش֮һЩ׾бҪġ
ҲҶǳĵ֮һ
СӣŸոսڣԸʮǿߣ϶ذɡҪܲǵԺ˵ɡǰ̫Цҡҡͷ
Ҳ˳ǲұֳϾҶǳΪǿ
Ҷ۾ûҪ˴ˡ
ǰһҪһԣֿˣҶǳæ˵
ţǰ̫üͷҶǳЩ̫ʶˣһոսڣ˵綼ûȹ̣Ҫսʮͬߣ㻹Ϊǳ
£λ̫Ҷǳ̬ҲıˣҶǳһĮ˵Ѿ۾ˣȻص¥ֱ¥ڱɣͨ˿ˣȥܲѵӪġ
Ҷǳٶʵǰ֪¥һĴ֮ܲͨ󣬻ᱻܲܲԼѡ
ͣǰ̫񱻳׶Цˣ´ҶǳϷŰЦò˵СӻŰ⻹ûͨˣڿȥܲ
Աߵλ۾ҲЦǶҶǳˡ
ҶǳĬҲԷִϾ̫ڽǺǣ֮ͨȻ֪ˡ
ǰ̫Ҷǳû˵ҲûмϻЦֻҪܹͨˣҪȥܲԼѡ
˵꣬ͱ۾Ҷǳˡ
ΪҶǳ̫쿪ˡ
ŸոսڣҪһʮѶ̫ˣõ
Щμӿ˵ˣڵǰ۷塣
˵֮ǰҶǳ۷ʱʱǲμӿˣ˵һ˿ϣ
ڵΪûȹ̣Ҫսʮڵߣǲ
Ҷǳǰ̫ûԼˣҲ⣬֪ģѾ֪ˡ
ֻҪĵȴعʯǼɡ
֮ͨ󣬾ҪǰܲѵӪ

䣡
һ𶯣ֹͣˡ
ǰ̫۾ƳһҶǳֵȥɣǵ˾ʯˡ
ҶǳˣԹԵظȥˡ
뿪ۣǾͿ˲Զ¥
λ̫ûǣֱӾ뿪ˡ
Ҷǳ¥˽뿪ˣûҶǳ
ҶǳҲú˽ύóԼƣμӽܲѵӪĿˡ
һǼ֮Ҷǳͱһſڡ
·Ů΢Цǰǿ֮أѾʮλǰڵȴˣֻҪǣͨ˿ˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴߽˴
ڱж죬һƬ嫵Ĵء
ҶǳĶ棬վʮĸߴߣŮڣҶ۾
Щ˿ҶǳǴЦݣһơ
ֵܣ԰ȻܲѵӪĿˣϣܹǣǾʯǵ¥ǺþûгܹܲѵӪˡһλֿĺӳҶǳЦ
Ҷǳ΢Ц뼸λ顣
ǿɲУ֪ܲ¥ڹսǿɲ˼ǰˮֻȫһսǴֿЦ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ

ʱʯǵ¥¥ȷڹս
ΪѡγһŽܲѵӪ¥˵ҲǺܴĹǳ£ÿ˿ˣʱԹս
ˣСӲŸոսڣܻͨˡ¥սʱһϤӰ
Ҷǳͻϳ֮ǰλ̫
¥ͷˣȵţʶС𣿡
ոΪ۾ôܲʶ̫Ʋ
¥ɵڲǲҪˣֱӳΪ۾𣿡
СǴСطģ֪ڴﵽ۷֮󣬾һֱѹΪο֮вͻƵھġ̫ҡͷЦ
˼¥ҲЦˣܿ죬Цݾˡ
ôˣ̫Ҳע⵽¥ɫ仯
㡭㿴¥ָŴڵս
ƬտĴϣʱѾʮˣǰʮҶǳĶ֡
һ⣬ѾҶǳС


1887 
ʲô
̫ɵõɴ۾һš
¥¥ҲǵһЩ𾪵ؿŴڵҶǳСӺ̶Ƭ̾ͻʮλͬߣ츳̫ǿˡ
¥Ÿոսڰ̫Щţг˲˼顣
ҶǳڸսڣΪδȹˣȻܴʮͬߡ
ҪҶǳڶһʱ䣬ܹܸڣֱܹԽ۷ߣ
̫֮ɫ
񵽱ˣһԽܲѵӪǰһ¥Ц
¥Ĺأ¥ƼųɾԽߣõĽͱԽ
ҶǳܹѧԺλ¥˵лᱻܲȥְ
ȻѧԺļ̫Сˣ¥Ҳֻѡ
ҵСΪʲôеܲѵӪû뵽һţСطţɲ̫棬˿ȴЩˣ֮ǰȫԺҶǳùϵڿ²ˡ
ȻҲû⣬ϾҶǳֳ츳ԺܹΪ¥¥¥λҲ߶١
ңѾԺˡ
ˣҺλ̸̸ˡ¥ЦЦ
̫ЩĽؿ¥ıӰֹһãȻһţ²˵Խλţܵõܲʹ͡
Ҫ֪ܲʹͿǷǳġ
ңֱӺҶǳıֹҹ
ԺҶǳֵܲԽ¥õĽͱԽࡣ
ˣ¥ǺԸԼƼŸùϵġ

ڡ
¥֮ǰҶǳܵʮǿߣ׷׳¥񣺡¥
¥
Ҷǳһǰ̫æ¥
ض񣡡¥Ҷǳһº͵Ц
漴ֶʮλڵ߻˻֣ȥɣˡ
¥ˣʮڵ߷׷׸ǡ
ڣʱֻʣ¥Ҷǳˡ
¥ǰҶǳ΢΢Цҽһ£ҽ¥ʯǷ¥¥
Ҷǳ¥ҶǳҲæ˵
ЦŰֵؾнȻܹͨˣܽܲѵӪҲΪ̫ģԵƼɡ
Ҷǳһ£˵µѣ
ЦŵͷͶˣҶѣȻѾͨ˿ˣ׼ѡȥһܲѵӪҪΪƼ𣿡
ҶǳæҡͷͲͷµˣҶĳд㣬׼ȥħܲѵӪ
ħ򣿡
üǰҶǳѵħȽϻңɱ¾֮ʢȥ¥ܲԺᾭִһЩΣյҵǾȥ¥ӽѧԺʺš
ҶǳҡͷµѣҶĳǾȥħܲ
ˣ΢΢һ̾ȻҪѡħܲҾ͸ϱɣھʯϢһʱ䣬ʱԴȥħ򡣡
лµѣҶǳæм
˰֣Ц˵Ҿͺ˵ɣΪ¥¥ÿܲټһţҶõ͡ңԺֵܲԽãҵõʹͱԽࡣأҪлŶԡ
ҶǳȻλ¥Ϊ̫Ϊζ̬ôá
ˣܲ飬ȹʱȥܲ·ϸ㡣
ǰҶǳЦ˵ʱڣʲôҪʱҡ
лµѣҶǳ˵ͷ

뿪¥Ҷǳҵ˾ʯһ̻ᡣ
̻ڣҶǳϵһЩ͸ֲϣȡһƷʯ
ⶼڿ֮Уɱһٶõġ
һٶϾÿӵеĲ񶼷ǳȻҶǳһʺơ
ڻʯҶǳûжôˣֱɱ˵ĵĿ졣
ЩʯȴһôǾǹҪı
ҶǳҪһЩϡ
Ǿǰ޳ɳʮݡ
ʮݣҶǳڲż˼ֶѣӳСǳҲѼ룬οʱҶǳܻ
Ҷǳ㹻ĻʯھʯǳأȻҪʮݡ
ֻҪõЩݣĻ޾ܽΪ
ʱĻý˵ʵˡ
ϻǾͺţˡ
ڼˣ
úҶǳЦݵ̻߳ᡣ
ȻǳؾͲһ
ǳطǳϡȱݣڴǳȴǳȻʮݣ㻨Ҷǳ֮һĻʯҲֵˡ
ֻûɻ޻ʵݻʮݣҶǳȴûҵЩϡٵݣ˵ȥһЩǳأδҵõ
ҶǳֻڴԼԺʵǿˣȥ޽Ϊ޻ˡ
ʮݣҶǳص¥¥Ŀͷʱס¡


1888 츳
ص¥סҶǳϿռ䲼ʱٴ󣬶ˣ̻Ṻ˰򱶵ʱٴ
Ҳ˵ȥһ꣬Ѿȥһꡣ
ԣҶǳʮι޳ԣΪ֮ҲŽȥһµʱѡ
Ҷѣ׼ҪȥħܲˣҶǳزú󣬱ӵĴ
µѣʱԶ
ǺãϹ
ţ

¥ſڻ֮󣬱һͬǰ㳡
Ϊħʯ̫ңԶˣԼλ̫ҲҪС
۵Ļ̫ٶȣҲ֪Ҫɵ¡
˲ϵڸǳת󣬿ٽӽħ
ǲǸо鷳
ת˼ٴ֮ҶǳЦʵ
ҶǳЦһЦֻǸо̫Ļʯˣµţǵʯҵִħ򡣡
һЦ
ȷǷǳģûе˼룬ǡˣĵķȻǳ
̫ȴ㲻ʲô
ʵǷǳ鷳ģǿǲģҲʵŲò󡣡漴̾
ҶǳЩʵЩǿָθ·⿿Լٶȸ·񣬿Ҳڶʱںһɡ
Ц˵¶ˣǵȷԼٶȸ·Ҫϵ·Զʱ򣬾ҪһЩǿߴˡ˵Щͨռ䱾ԴĻǾͿ˲ִκεطҲ˲佫һȼˣ͵κεطɱȳˡ
˻ҶǳԵһӴôãѾܵˡ
Ҫڻ˲ִκһطǵжôֲ
붼ÿ¡
µѣռ䱾ԴĿռʲôͬ𣿡Ҷǳ漴Щʵ
һߴҶǳ˴һЦŽ͵ڻֻ񣬲֮Ĳ֮ͬ
ԺΪ̫ͻףҪٴνΪ񣬾Ҫһ֮
Ҷǳ¶ɻ֮ɫ֮ѵĵ𣿡
ǵȻЦĵֻǵĻѣĵ硣ҪԼĵΪ֮Ļ籾ԴС
ҶǳȻҲԣռֻԼģֻҪһռûˣ֮
Щ֮ˣǵĵɻᱣţҲȥ
µѣҪβܽΪأҶǳؼʵ
ȻʧЦҶǳ̫øԶˣǲĴڣοǸ߸ϵĻǿǻһˡ
ҪҶǳԱЦ˵񣬱Ҹղ˵ԴһƤëԽΪ񣬵ǳ˴ԴܳΪˡ
ǻ֮ϵҶǳ汦׷ʵ
ˣЦһҶǳ˵˵ҶѣЩûã츳ٸߣزʱѾ֪Ҫȵˡңڻ֮ϵǼҲǳϡ٣һСС̫ô֪βܽΪ
ҶǳڨڨһЦҲԣ̫ңԶˣǲǻľͷ
ҶѣһǸ˵˵ܲѵӪɣ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷµָһ
һЩѣҵҲܲѵӪһӡ
˵ܲѵӪŷǳ࣬ǿԵõָ㣬ҲԵõıֻҪ츳ǿҪıܵõֻҪɡ
ľҲܼң츳ԽߣܵԽǾ͵þ
־ǱʵΪÿ˵Ϊһкܶ࣬Ҳк̫ܶԲֱӱʵ
Ǳȵ츳ŵ츳ΪŸλӵ͵ߣֱһŽס
ͬ10ˣΪһ츳
ͬ100ˣΪ츳
ͬ1000ˣΪ츳
ͬ10000ˣΪĽ츳
Խһ1ˣΪ츳
Խһ10ˣΪ츳
Խһ100ˣΪ߽츳
Խһ1000ˣΪ˽츳
Խһ׻10000ˣΪŽ츳

ҶǳͻȻЦ˵ӵĽ츳ѧԺ
ҶǳԣɵĬԼڵ츳


1889 
ڣҵռͻ壬ȫԿ۷塣
Ҷǳмš
ձʵ̾ͿԱΪ츳
ϾʹûýͻĻʵԱ۷ս൱Խһ
£ǿͬ׵Ķ֣10ϣǾ޷֧ˡ
һ˻ýͻٸ۷壬Ҷǳܺɨ
Ϊڻýͻ֮УƸڣᱻȫ
ԲǿߣһýͻˣаһսδؿսʤԱ
ԣЩҶǳԼڵ츳൱ھŽ츳
ңǾŽ츳е
ϾԽˡ
ԣĽ츳ѧԺܲѵӪҲô
ҶǳһЦ
Ҳ֪Լֻ츳ֻ˻ýͻļӳɣܴﵽŽ츳
ȻҲ츳Ͼýͻ򣬲˭ɵġ

˼˴·
ҶǳЦڿԻʮͬĶ֣ҹ㻹ʵҪ100ͬĶ֣ѶȺܴ츳һЩ
Ҷǳ΢Ц£Ҳ˵оŽ츳㡣
˵ҲҪй֡Ұ⡯ţ츳ûȫھȽܲѵӪ츳Ż᳹ױھʱΪ츳츳пܡ
ܲѵӪ츳ı𣿡Ҷǳɻʵ
Ц츳ǲģֻھ򣬱Щڻõ澫ͨȻܲѵӪ֮󣬵õýĹӶ˻ý磬ʵ˲䱩ǡ
˵գҶǳЦСطɢޣ»ûʲôĹһĹʵͻᱩǣ츳Ȼǿ
ҶǳȻ򣬲Ͳ´ˣȷСطģĹ
ǡ澭ȻֻϾϾ۵ĹǻĹ
Σġջñ䡷Ҳһ˲õĹ˻ý硣
ЩҶǳܣȻɵø˵
ȵܲѵӪһҪıҵʺԼĹǿԼ츳ӶõܲѵӪԴࡣָҶǳ
ҶǳҲţϾǹˣЩöࡣ
סܲѵӪ棬Ҫ̫ΪҪ츳
֣صؿҶǳ˵Ϊ̫񾳽磬ܲѵӪҲʲôΪ¥̫ʵ̫ˡ¥˵ѧԺ츳ֻҪ츳ԽߣǰӵѧԺȥ㲻ؼΪ
ţҶǳ˵ͷȴΪȻ츳ѾǿˣҪıΪϾ츳ʵֻΪǿˣ츳תΪʵ
ǰħٳˣͨǳصĴǾʽִħˡ
ڴʱȻ˵
һ̣Ҷǳʧ˴֮С
ȵҶǳ۾֮У㿴һ޴ޱȵĳǳء
ԱߵЦ˵ħٳǣħĳǳأͨĴǾܽħˣħ¥ܲҲͲԶˡ
ҶǳЩ
֪ҾҪħˣЩ㻹
ҶǳѾ಻סе˼ˣˣ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵԼǷ񻹼ǵԼ
Ҷǳ޷ǣս½ӣЩһһΣ·ӡԺС
˼֮飬ӿ
ôˣо鲨ԱߵЩؿҶǳ
ҶǳæعҡͷûʲôֻϾҪִܲѵӪˣЩ
Ҳûж룬Ц˵ģҵҲܼϧ޷ѧԺվվڻ۷塣ҪŬȡѧԺлΪǻվڻ۷塣
ţһŬġҶǳ֣صص˵ͷҵ֮⣬ĿǱǿʼղ䡣
߰ɣ˵
һ̣ûħٳǣ˴ʧһƬҵİ׹֮С

ħһ°Ĺ֮Уһɫ۵ŮӣȻתͷħٳǵķüͷ塣
ô£ҵĺȻƺʲôҡŮš
ʲôأǲǸ˽ķһϤӱ
һ̣һúܰŮӺƵĺŮŰŮӣЦȥôˣѵһˣôȥˣĹͷõˣ˵궼ֻΣ˲֪ٴΰ飬Ѿˡ


1890 ִܲ
ģ
ŮӵĻŮ͵ҡͷ˵ҵģ˵˵ģԶǱ˴ˡңҼһҵġ
Ǻǣҵɵã˵ʲô
Ů˹һ§סŮӣЩ̾Ϣ˵ɵãֻһˣߵʱûгΪŶˣӦýս񡯰ɣ綼ûдﵽ˵ˡ
ǵʱҲˣս½֮ϣһλ档λ֮ϣһǿĻ½Ȼֻǻ½һƬѣ˵Ѿߵȵλˡ
һССķˣ츳ãܹ㲻ˣҽ½Ҳûʸ硣
ŮҡͷɵãڳյˣһȰմӦϿ˹ĻԼǿǹħӵܣһѧԺеİ˽ţΪһ
㣬һ޸лΪǶôݰҶĽĺܣϧǸĵϿ˹ϲңֻϲ÷Сá
ŮԲΪҡҡͷҲͬŻԼΪѾˣҶǳӣԶǡ
㡭
ŮɫʱˣƿŮӣָŭҪˣڤ粻飬Զ߳ĸ׶ѾˣŻԼͬ⣬ûѡ񡣡
ҵһȡҪ棬ĸĸҲϡŮ
ŮûָŰŮŭֱ治ҪΪеϿ˹㣬ǾͲҰôϿ˹ڻ㣬ϣܹת⣬һʱ䳤ˣҲ᲻ͷġ㲻ҪΪжҪĳţעȱٺ֪һʱ䳤ˣ㡣
òˡŮӵ
㡭֮Ϊ֮ɡŮŭһתȥ
ŮӿԶĿǶ˲գϤĴ½ս½
һǣġ
һˣε㣬ҵĸоġŮӵš

ͬʱڹħһǳУҶǳ˴˵С
ͬһɣȾʯǺΰĶࡣ
һ´˵У㿴ҶǳЦӭħǣ¥ڹħܲ¥һǳء
ҶǳܣЩ𺳣ǳ̫ΰˣǰδ
ǳڳǳ֮Уǳˡ
߰ɣȱˣԺ㿴ģȸȥܲ漴Ҷǳ뿪㳡
úһͨԺǰ
дţ¥ܲѵӪ
Ҷǳһ㶣Щؿµѣܲѵ
Щʧ¥ܲѵӪôͨһͨԺ䣿
û취λǰϲطҲΣԿЦһ
ǰʲôǰҶǳɻʵ
Сһλ񣬾֮ǰҸģ˿ռ䱾ԴĻΪԽκεطڴ˵򣬿ʱȻʱǴܸĥǡ
˻񣡡ҶǳЩ𺳣˵ȼ̫ˡ
ϾҲֻһλ̫̫Ȼǻ
ң˿ռ䱾ԴĻ񣬱һĻҪǿ࣬Ļˡ
һˣǻİһǳһĿֲڡ
С£Ҫڱἰλǰ㵱˼Ҳ֪Сӵħȥڴʱһϵ
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥֻѵӪһλ׷ˣһ
æ񣺡ԭʦ֮ǰ˵˵ˡ
ͬʱҶǳѵӪʦһλǿרŸָ
ҶǳʦҶǳҲæ
ҲǵһμֻоԷɲ⣬ǵжǿҲ̽鲻ϾͶԷĲ̫ˡ
Ҷǳպð̫ۺҶϣ㲻ҪûϡʦһҶǳ΢΢Ц
ǣŬģҶǳȴ뵽̫ۣǿҵڣ˵㡣
ʦѾתͷЦ˵ˣѾˣ߰ɡѵӪĹأûʸġ
ʦ֪صġ̾˿漴ҶǳЩĽЩп
ҲҶǳѵӪϧվ̭ˣûʸѧԺ
ҶѣúŬһҪѧԺʱĳҲɣлټҶǳЦ
ҶǳҲܸмһ·Լǰķ¥¥æлµһ·͡
Сѣټ˰֣漴ʦǣһȥˡ
ɣʦҶǳ֣ѵӪڡ
Ҷǳæȥ


1891 
ܲѵӪڵԺӷǳҶǳʦ󣬵һ۱㿴һƵĵĽǳߴԺߵĽ
ʦһǰ·һָǰЦ˵ǲһоŲ㣬ֱžŽ츳һ߽УͻᱻźһЩͬľսӶ츳ȼ
ҶǳŲԶġȷоŲߣɢŵĹΣ˸
ڱÿһϣһ޴ġʾһİ֡
ʱʦָЩʾ˵ÿһ츳չʾҪ֪ͬȼ츳Ҳвġ˵һ츳10ͬߣһ츳ǻ99ͬߣҲһ츳ͬ𣿡
Ҷǳҡҡͷ
ʦЦ˵Ͷˣԣ츳ȼͬ˴˵츳ǿģҪˡڲԵÿһ㣬ɱܵΡ
ҶǳԣԸоܲѵӪǳǵ츳ȼòһ˵츳ֵֵز
뵽Ҷǳɵʵ˵µ˵ܲѵӪ츳ȼԽߣܵĴԽãõʲô̶ȣ
˵ûʦ˵ͷЦ˵ܲѵӪʵΪѧԺѧԱģԣԽţܵĴԽá
Ҷǳ˵ͷ֪
ֻʦ˵ʲôҸϸ˵ͼһ츳ʼҪõĻʯ޹Ӧ
޹ӦʯֻҪܹ٣һֱӦҶǳһ𾪡
ʦ˵ͷЦ˵ҪıھǱ츳õĻʯһܲѵӪ㲻Ҫǵĵģÿ춼ҪĻʯһֱӦ뿪ܲѵӪ
Ҷǳ𺳡
ǳΪ˻һЩʯǾһδɱ¾
񾳽磬һʼûлʯռ䣬ʯҲܹΪ
ʯҶǳǷǳġ
棬һȺΪ˻ʯ˴ɱ¾пޱߡ
ȻƵĹӦò˵¥ʵ̫ˡ
һ츳Ĵ
Ҷǳסе𶯣ЩʵʦǶ츳츳ʲô
ʦЦ˵Ȼˣ츳ţ޹ӦʯĻϣÿ껹ά1׵㣬츳ÿ꽱3׵㣬Ľ츳5׵㣬츳10׵㡣
׵㣿ʲôô𣿹ƷҶǳʵ
ʦҡͷЦ׵ɲڹƷ׵㹺Ʒ¥ڲƷûʯû취򵽵챦֮⣬׵㻹кܶô˵һĹ׵㣬һλΪϿΣָ
Ҷǳһ𾪡
ʦ˵ֻҪ㹱׵ĻһλָǶԡ֮⣬㻹ù׵һЩǿΪ¡ֻҪ㹱׵㹻࣬һλΪɱˣǶ⡣
˻ҶǳԵһ𾪲ѡ
ʦ˵ˣҶǳѾ֪׵жôˡ
ˣǵˡȻʦĻ
ˣ
Ҷǳһ㶣ɵÿǰһͥԺǺֻܴһݣһʮƽԺӣֹŵ
ʦָǰԺӣЦ˵סĵطȽȥɣȥ󣬼ǵϵƣʱͻ¥磬һӴ磬ǳʺԼȥ
˵꣬ʦˣһ͵Ҷǳ
磿磿
Ҷǳһ˿ڴȻһƣڷϡ
ûԥҶǳƣʱյһϢ
¥ܲѵӪѧԱƣƣֻҪ黯һ硯硣
⵹Ǻ͵ĻЩƣⲻ磬һ磬һλǿߵɣ൱һʵˡ
Ҷǳип
ܿ죬ƬС
硣
Ҷǳȥ֮󣬶ʱԼһֵľ޴ǳڣֵ߶Ṇֵ̀ڷŸƷһЩƷҪ׵ܹ
⣬к̫ܶǻ񣬶黯ڴˣù׵ָ
ߣǳ֣һ̸۵أֱɽ˺
ȥѧԺǱߣǸִ̬ͨѧԺˣβ֪λѧԱѵͻȻȺһ
һ̣Ҷǳͷ֣ϵˣһɳ۶ȥ
ѧԺҶǳ𶯣ѵܹѧԺˣ
ˣ¥ѧԺһ壬Ȼ¥˿Խ磬ôѧԺѧԱȻҲԽ硣
Ҷǳһ˿棬Ҳŷȥ
Ҳ뿴ѧԺѧԱж
ϾǻһѧܹеѧԱеţٶĽ츳


1892 Ͽ˹
Ϊ֣Ҳ˵С硣
ײģ¥ˣֻҪ¥¥ܲѵӪţܽ롣
мεģѧԺֻѧԺѧԱܽ롣
߲εģǿ磬ֻϵǿ߲ܽ롣
ÿһһţֻҪﵽҪ󣬾ܺ俪ţһ硣
ԣܲѵӪţѧԺĴš
Ȼδܹ俪ȴһЩѧԺѧԱʱѵһЩܲѵӪš
ʱܲѵӪһ֮ΪӡţںͨѧԺĴš
Ҷǳһ·Ҳ˵һЩӡ¼˵츳ܲѵӪǿһеţѾȷԼѧԺˣֻ´ο˿ʼܹΪѧԺһѧԱˡ
ӷǳҪڼѧԺ֮ǰȴѧԺѧԱԾ;ѧԺĴţѧԺѧԱǡ
ȻѧԺվѧԺѧԱǶһһţбȡӡģÿζǱ˽ѵ
ӲںƣҲ˱֮Ϊӡ
¡¡
Զһӣͷɢ״غһš
ӡ
ΧкܶԹȺڿ֡
ҶǳҲȺпţӵʵȷǿΪʹﵽ̫񾳽磬ټ츳ǿÿһð
ѧԺѧԱսǡһߺһߴ
Χ˶ڸпҲֻǿߣܺţܽݹȥ
ǣôôȥ
֮ѡѧԺѧԱʸûС
ţԽһˣҲûýͻ򣬿Ҳǿ˶١Ҷǳп
ôãʶһλš
ţѧԺȴ洦ɼ
֪ѧԺ֮ожǿš
ҶǳЩڴ
䣡
ڴʱһǿϢӰŶԽ¶һǿӰüĿͷ̷Ӣΰˡ
ӣ˿ǰӣĮ
ӿˣʱͫһ𾪵Ͽ˹ȻˣֻҪսѧԺͨѧԱʲôҳҲĶ֣˵츳Ĳ࣬ΪѾﵽ񾳽ˡ
ȻǵϿ˹
ѧԺİ˽ţѧԺʥѧԱľŰ
λǹħǿţһǹħĻӵܡ

۷׷ףȫһȵؿŵϿ˹Щ˵˳֮ɫ
ҶǳҲڴǰˣȷǿһλ
ңԷǰ˽ţӽˡ
Ķš
Ҷǳеһ˿ܣҪĶ֡
ڵΪ̫ˣҶǳڻûʸսλ˽š
ҸÿΪˣȵý̫񾳽СҶǳ뵽
գҶǳתȥˣ׼ȥ׬һʹ׵㣬Ϊ
ڴʱλеϿ˹İ˽ţ˵ӣϾѧԺĿˣһλ÷ҲҪμѧԺĿˣչһ£ֻҪͨ˿ˣԺѧԺħŵһԱΣ
׼ҵİǿǹħŮû뵽Ȼ÷ãҴӦˡԵ˵ͷʱ˲ѧԺѧԱԺѧԺ϶ᱻ鷳ܹħţǾͲˡ
ħţѧԺѧԱеһ֯
ʵ֯кܶ࣬һЩǿŪ֯
ħţһǳǿ֯ǵϿ˹λ˽ŪģѧԺҲպգѧԱҪ֯

ȺУҪ뿪ҶǳȻһ
ȻתͷϿ˹
ղ˵ʲô
÷ǰ
ͬͬգҵġӣ
ҶǳĶʱЩˣ֪ܴҲֻͬͬգȻ֣޷ƽ
λѣʶĻ𣿡ҶǳЩţæԱߵһ˴
˿ҶǳһۣЩ˵ʶǹħŮǰ׼Ҳǹħһһǿ˵ǰ׼滹һλء
˵գһ֣ĻʱҶǳĿС
Ҷǳ˶ʱסˣмвţɻ
ǰ
ͬͬգܳҲһģһ
ңֶصʣ̫ϤˣϾӡ
ǣǸϿ˹ô£
ҶǳԶĵϿ˹Щŭڴӵע⡣
ѵѾ
һ̣ҶǳǷѾԼˡ
Ѿˣұ׷ǿ飡Ҷǳһ侲
ȥô꣬Ҳ
Ҫһʰ
գҶǳѸ뿪磬뿪ӣŲȥ
ԭȣע⣬ڣ׼һѡ
ΪϿ˹̫ǿˣļҲǳǿҪǾͱ֮ƥݡ
ҲôﵽǸ̶ȲС


1893 һ
ҶǳС
һڣҶǳ㷢ΧĻһ䣬һƬ嫵֮С
ҶǳĶ棬վʮҶǳһģһˣ·һ·ֱӿ¡һ
Ҷǳ֪ЩˣʵǲģĿܣ˵Ϊһڡ
ЩֻΪǲûҶǳսսǶǲǵս
䣡
Ҷǳû˿ԥֱӳֽɱ棬ܿʮܡ
Ǻܿ죬Ҷǳǰֳ100ܡ
Ҷǳ֪Ƕ츳ˣֻҪ100ܣͻΪˡ
ɱ
Ҷǳֽɱȥ
ҫۣռŰգƴƥĽЩܡ

ſڣҲһЩܲѵӪ˽
ڴʱϹâһһִӵһ˵ڶ㡣
·̲ס̧ͷһЦ˵˽ڶˣס
ͫ׺Ȼһ
ΪǸոսڶ֣˵ʱֿٽ˵㡣
ֽٶҲ̫˰ɣѵһ˼ܲѵӪɫһ䡣
ţܲѵӪ֮УҲϵȵˡ
ϾĽ׵࣬׵ĸָ
ţѾǶˡ
ҶǳֺİµȷġһܲѵӪ˹Ц˵
ѵѸٽΪţһЩģ׷ͣ½Ųȥ뿴ܹŵг嵽ڼ
Ȼڴʱٶȹâһ
Ҷǳ֣Ѿӵ˵Ĳ㡣
һʱ䣬ⶼһ
漴˺ܶ൹
Ȼ˵Ĳ㣡
СҶǳˣȻһλĽš
ĽܲѵӪڣҲʮ˰ɣû뵽һˡ
֪ܹ嵽ڼܹǰʮǾˡ
ǰʮɲô׳ģ˺ܹ嵽𣬳һŵţˣӡ

۷׷ס
ĽżܲѵӪڣҲţֻʮˡ
ţǼҫ۵ġ
ңĽаٷ֮ʮϵļܹѧԺģˣǰ;ԴҶܹע
һʱ䣬ϢܿܲѵӪڴ鿪ˡ
һЩŵܲѵӪţ׷׸ϵۿҶǳ
λҶǳʦҲڲúˡ
ҶǳȻǸСӣʦ̧ͷŵĲϵǸϤ֣ʱһȡ
û뵽ǸСһȻһôţǸ׳վȻΪҶǳֻһš
˼˼ʦʱЦˣܹһλţǺܸ˵ġ
СҪˡʦ漴뵽
ҶǳϾģҶǳֵԽãõĽԽ
´ηŸĽ»Ŀɿڴ
ϾܲѵӪڣﵽĽ츳ţҲࡣ
ּţδܳΪ񣬳Ϊ¥ҪսԽĶҲԽ
䣡
ڴʱâһ
һ̣𾪵ĿУҶǳ֣һӾ˵㡣
˻ţ
ҵ찡Ȼţ
ţưǳ˰
ܲѵӪѾܾûˡ
ҶǳǺηʥ

⣬ʱڶ۷׷ףޱȷڡ
ʦҲɴ۾𾪺Ͳ˼飺СӾȻһλţҵ찡С˹ʺ˰
ţܲѵӪ֮УѾˣֻˡ
ţǼҫ۵ģ棬Ҫ
ԺѧԺ֮УҲϵѧԱǰ;
ţδΪһˣмʳΪ
û뵽СصôǿˣʦипѣôҲû뵽ҶǳǸͨˣȻһš
ʦ̧ͷĵ㣬Ҳһ޴Ļԭֻʾ֣ڱ߸ˡ
Ҷǳ
Ҷǳսûнܹ嵽ڼ˶ǳ档

ڡ
Ҷǳɴ֮УʱĶ棬10һģһˣǵΪȴ˸һ
Ҳ˵ʮ۷弶ľܡ
ֻҪʮԼһȼľܣܳΪˡ
ҶǳŶʮܣѸ˼š
ԼҪչ¶츳
ȫչ֣ȻܣҶǳ֪ľַشֱ֮ӱΪŽţܻܿ
ԣҪǱġ
Ҫֳ츳Ҷǳڿš


1894 䶯
գҶǳ¶츳
Ϊ츳ǿһЩעĿ
츳ȵϿ˹İ˽츳ֲȼţҲͲ̫ע
ԣ츳ΪһЩһԵõ¥ӣһֲ˶ʼɡ
䣡
Ҷǳһ̣ͻǰʮܡ
һ̣ǹâһ
սˣȫŴͣһĿɿڴĿнǳ֮ɫ
츳
ҶǳȻš
ֱ̫䶯ˣǴţ˶ˡ
λʦ𾪵ɫâȣŵʾϵΨһһ֡
Ҷǳ
֣עҪܲѵӪ
ڹħ֮䶯
Ͼ츳ţ⣬ѧԺ֮󣬼Ϊ
񼶱ǿߣڹħ֮Уһ
ţἫ£
ৣ
Ҷǳ߳һ̣ʦʱͬ˲һ㣬Ҷǳǰ
ʦҶǳһ£漴æ
ͬʱҶǳҲܵΧһ˫˫ȵĿ⣬оηгݣҲмʵġ
ȻҶǳˡ
ҲҶǳ֮С
ϾڵܲѵӪֻһλţ벻С
ҶСӣ㻹صȻţֱϹСӵĹۣʦĿȵؿǰҶǳֻҶǳЩڡ
СӼֱ˹ʺˣȻţҪˡʦ漴Ц
ҶǳڨڨһЦҲ֪أֵԽãôõĽԽ
߰ɣл˵ʦܵΧԽԽ࣬æҶǳ˲ʧڲǰ
ʱԽԽˣڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬷׷׸
Ҷǳǳ׳ˡ

ڡ
ں͵Ͽ˹̸Χкܶ࿴ֵˣ˿ȴͻȻˡ
һʼӻ⣬һȺֵļһδ⡣
ǣ뿪ԽԽ࣬Ӿ͸еЩԾˡ
ô£Ͽ˹˿Ҳ˲Ծľţټ϶ӣӦĿŶԣôͻȻ˶߹ˣ
ҲסˣŲԶһ׼ȥˣæȵ׷ʲô飬Ƕʲô
ͷҲص˵ӣˣܲѵӪһţ˶ܵ￴ȥˡ
ţ
ͫһ˼顣
ȻųˣҪǿš
һܲѵӪΨһһţѹ˶ȥˡ
ţĵϿ˹ҲЩˣȻǰ˽ţҲСһš
Ҫ֪ħ֮УҲࡣ
ּţҲҪ£Ը
ӣжˡϿ˹漴ӣЦ˵
֮ǰ¥ħܲѵӪĵһţǼ֮ǿġ
ڣȻţӵĵλܵսˡ
ߣţҵҪǺηʥս죬ҲܵϿ˹ˣȥ
Ͽ˹ӵıӰ˵Ӧҵ飡
ģͷҲص뿪ˡ
Ͽ˹ıӰЩȤ˵Ȼһţôһݣܲ£ħš
ħѧԺҲо֣Եոż룬׳ħ
һţѾֵ£ˡ

ܲѵӪڵķڣʱҶǳѾʦס
ʦǰҶǳƵ˵ҶǳչأţֱӱͽѧԺˡҲ˵ԲôܲѵӪֱӾܽѧԺҪٲμӿˡ
Ҷǳüͷʵʦܲܲμӿˣ
뵽˰
ҲҪμһοˣҪôμ´ѧԺˣõĻᡣ
ŶҪμӿҲʲô飡
ʦҶǳЦȻ㲻Ҫ͵ҲԲμӿˣţҲпʧܵĿԣϾΪ̫ˡŶˣû̫񾳽磬ҲûμӿˣȽ̫񾳽С
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴˵׼ܲѵӪһʱ䣬ȡ´ο֮ǰ׵̫񾳽硣
ʦͷҲã츳̫Ӧò˶áˣνţӦõõ˲ٹ׵㣬Щ׵㻻ȡһЩΪ
ͣһ£ʦ˵֮⣬Ϊţ㻹һΧҪʲôҪУֻҪΧˡ
ҶǳԶʱ𺳡
ΧҪܹһλ֣
Ҫļֵ̫ˡ
Ҷǳúú룬ҪԼ󻯡


1895 
ʦ֮Ҷǳʼͨƣ鿴ԼĹ׵㡣
ûй׵ģϾÿŻַһι׵㡣
ţÿᷢ50׵㣬ֻ10׵㣬ܴ
Ҳ˵¥ŵĿء
¥Ź׵⣬츳ȼҲй׵㷢ţҽ
Уһ㣬߿ɻ1000׵㡣
ڶ㣬߿ɻ1׵㡣
㣬߿ɻ10׵㡣
Ĳ㣬߿ɻ100׵㡣
㣬һԿɻ1000׵㡣
㣬߿ɻ1ڹ׵㡣
Ҷǳξʹ˵㣬߽֮ǰĹؿһӵй׵ǣ
1000+1+10+100+1000+1=111111000׵㡣
1ڵĹ׵㣡
Ҷǳ鿴ԼӵеĹ׵㣬ɵϲɫ
ĲƸѾǳӴˡ
Ҫ֪ţÿҲŷ50׵㣬200Ҳ100׵㡣
ô浽2꣬Ż1ڸ׵㡣
൱ڽʡ2ʱ䡣
Ҫ֪Ҷǳôʱ䣬ҲŹȥ1.8ѡ
֪1ڸ׵㣬ܹʲô
Ҷǳ漴硣
ǳɺϵǣ˶ڳˣ׷ǰ뿴һҶǳǺηʥ
Ҷǳȴ磬ɵشˡ
ʱѾûʲôˣֵϿյġ
Ҷǳһ·Ÿָĵ̣Լ2ڹ׵ĹǷǳֲġ
ֱһλ̫ˡ
仰˵ղ̨ӵеǹҲֵ2ڹ׵ѡ
һǹУǳɱ£˲֪ˡ
ڣҶǳֻǸռ¥ѾӵӴĲƸ
ɴ˿ɼŶֵñӡ
˵ʵҶǳڶȥٲһ츳ھŲ㣬ǵӵжٹ׵㣿
һ֡
Ҷǳǿסˡ
ս½һ·֪ľַش֮ĵ̫ߵνǹͷ񣬵͵Ϊ
ڴõĹ׵㣬ԺѧԺ˵Ҳᡣ
Ͼ¥ѧԺĸ¥ܹĽѧԺû١
ʱҶǳΪˣʵǿˣٱֳŽ츳Ͳ±˿ˡ
Ӧùʲô
׵˵ûãֻһֶѣöһʵ

Ҷǳڹţ˼Щ׵ǿʵ
ʲôģͲˣϾܿͻ̫񾳽磬񾳽磬᲻ϵظ»
˼һҶǳȷԼҪĶ
һȻΪıڶԼĻ޽
޽ҪϾһĻýѹǿʵ
ҶǳĻý籾һʵ˻޺󣬾Ϳòܡ
ϴĻѾ˻ɡ
ҶǳҪĻ޽Ϊ޻ʣͿƾýĳʵ
ͷǳˣ൱˽ʵˡ
ټϻôҶǳͿ߰˳ɵʵˡ
ҶǳǾŽ츳õȻΪ޻ʣ츳Ϊʮ츳
ȻŽ츳Ѿߵģûʮ֡
ͬǾŽ츳ҶǳԼǿġ
û˿ԥҶǳ㳯Ÿֲϵĵȥʼ޽ҪĲϡ
ʮϡеĲϣټϡٵݣҪǷ磬һЩǳأѹȫ
ΪЩϲ󣬻ǳϡ٣лʯܹ򵽵ġ
ڣҶǳȴˡ
Ϊ¥̫Ӵˣ˵Ǳ鲼硣
ϻеĶ¥С
ֻЩϵļֵҲǳ󣬹ݾͻ5000׵㣬ʣµʮֲҲֵ3000׵㡣
ԭһڵĹ׵㣬ֻʣ3000׵ˡ
ҶǳۣΪýԵġ
񾳽磬ýĳʵô̫񡢻ȵȾ磬ĳʵ
ǧ׵㣬ɻȡԺÿ綼һʵֱ̫ˡ
ЩϣҶǳȥιˣȴ޽
Ҷǳ磬׼ʣµĹ׵Ҳ
ϾⶫҲֻ֣һʵ
ҶǳѡǿΪıϾϾҪμѧԺĿˣûʱȥɱʵֽ̫죬ע⡣
¥ıΪܿ죬Ҳ⣬ϾҶôɡ
3000׵ĹǺܲģҶǳڣҪԲ磬ֻҪ2500׵Ϳˡ
ʣµ500׵㣬Ҷǳһͷ̫񼶱ħ²
ԣڣҶǳȻҲħ²
˵ǴħǱץ
̫ۻɱħ֮󣬽ħҲӡˣʹȻӴ磬Ϊ˻ĺ԰
ǿǲǿ߽ħɱһʵһøֱħ繩磬ʹûԽԽǿ
кܶħ²ǴħǱץġ
Ҷǳ֮Թ²ǵԼԲʱ򣬽նɱռĵһٽ̫񾳽硣


1896 ̫
Ҷǳ궫ȥչصʱܲܶ˶ѰҶǳ٣ϧǶҲ
֮£Ҳɢˡ
¥ħܲһλŵϢҲܿʹħ򣬸ڴˡ
ҶǳһӾͳˡ
ΪţкܴԺΪʵԳưһڹħǰȻ취£ˡ
ܲѵӪŶᣬ£Ҳ㣬õֶΡ
£һЩϾҶǳСҪҶǳɳΪʱͺ£ˡ

ܲѵӪ³һλţ
һҶǳôôϤ
׼ңһŮӣɴ۾¶һĨ֮ɫ
ˣҶǳһֱǵǸ˽ķ𣿡
ģôܻΪš
ѹͲ硣
һˣôӴ󣬻
һʶǸҶǳǼһֻһˣ硣

ŮҡͷȻҶǳǸս½Ҷǳ
Ժ֡
ûúŮ̲סһ˿档
ܴǲǸˣҲһ¡
ģϡǸ˻еӡӦûҪòģʲô֪ˡ
ŮӵȥϢ
ǰ׼ҼĴŮȨƻǷǳģһˣܿϢ
ϾҶǳ߳ʱ򣬻кܶ˿ò
ܿ죬Ůӱյ˴Ϣ
֮УҶǳò۳·ʵһںŮǰ

Ůӿǰףʱסͣͫš
Ȼȥ˺ܶ꣬ϾǿߣǼǵҶǳòġ
ǰˣҶǳ
һòһͲɺˡ
ŮһǰϤףɵЦһȻ˻磬ֻ˲ʱ䣬ôû츳ôǿ
áѰˣȻ˻磬츳ôǿþ͸ӲͬϿ˹ĻԼˡ
ŮͻȻüͷ
Ҷǳĳ֣ǰ׼˵ƺһϢ
Ͼһð֪Ҷǳĵǿ϶ͬ͵Ͽ˹ĻԼ
ɶϿ˹ϲңǾͿԳȫҶǳˣϾҶǳҲҲһλ񡣡
ŮüͷЩգϧϿ˹ϲãҶǳ츳ȻϿ˹ǲ̫ˡ
֪ͨһ¸ףϢԲ֪
Ůæȥ

¥ܲѵӪ
¥ڵĹʱٴǳֲûãҶǳѾԲ磬ҽͷ̫񼶱ħ²նɱĴһٽ̫ڡ
⣬ҶǳĻҲ˳Ϊ޻ʡ
̫񾳽ǿ
Ҷǳ߳ʱٴ󣬸ǿɵܡ
̫ԭһĿ꣬û뵽ôʵˡ
Ҫ֪ǳֵط̫ǿĴڡ
Ƿ磬̫񾳽ҲһСˣԴˡ
⻹ǻĶ֣һҲҪΪ񡣡
Ҷǳ뵽
ûΪܿĿǳΪǿܹﵽ̫ǸΡ
ѾΪ޻ʣֻһĿˣΪ
Ҷǳ˼Žĵ·
ֻΪˣ˳Ѱҡ澭¾ⶫ¥ڶûУ֪ѧԺûС
Ϊܼǿ츳ǿҲҪΪϡ
ڵҶǳһλš
Ψдﵽ񾳽磬ôҶǳ츳ܳưԻһǰ
ܹΪڻ缸Ժˡ
ôýģҶǳĶĿǳΪ
ǵϿ˹ҵڽѧԺ֮ǰʵʵࡣ
ҶǳͻȻ뵽˵Ͽ˹ԴЩУҲǵ֪Ͱ÷顣
ܰѡöû취͵Ͽ˹ΪѣܻܿΪˡ
ôڴ֮ǰбҪʵˡ
ҶǳɲڽѧԺ󣬱ѹơ
ҪһѧԺܹѹƴˣˬ
ԣ񼶱
ڹ׵㲻ˣҪΪֻͨɱ¾ɵ˵Ĵˡ
Ҳǰħ磬̫죬Ͼɱˣ鷳ֲɱ˿ɱ޹ɱħˣǾûˣǵˡ
ҳΪʱʦ˵ҿһ飬ȥħ

Ҷǳգ㳯ʦȥ


1897 ޺۳
Ҫȥħս
ʦҶǳ˵⣬ɵôоȡ
´һҶǳҶǳܹô̫񾳽磬ûжپȡ
ϾҶǳһԴ㣬๱׵㣬ܹ̫Ǻġ
ħսǺħǿɱĵطǿ߱أֻ̫ڻң񶼻ʱ䣬ȥ̫Σˡ
ʦĳضҶǳ˵ȽѧԺޣȽʱȥħսҲ١
ʦһȥսҶǳҡͷ
ʦЩε˵֪һΧҪжôȻֻҪȥսֱ˷Ѱ
Ҳ˷ѰɣҶǳٺЦ֪ȥսҲҪġһǵʿȥǾڻңûɣҪӾӵָӣҪͱһжɻǰǾɶˣһж
֮ǰҶǳҲѯսϢ
Ҫȥսֻ·һ־ǽӣǴ󲿷˵ѡ񣬱ϾͨǺѿħսġ
㲻ӣлͣǾû취ħ硣
ڶ֣ɻ͵ˣֽˣԲӾӵսжõջҲϽһָӡ
ҲΣգһжһϡʦԿЦ
ҶǳҡͷһɹˣֲɵսģΧ졣
ˣȻѡҾͲȰ˵ˡʦεص˵ͷ
ҶǳֲСӣֻһ£һҶǳˣҲ޷
߰ɣҴȥϣ
ʦ֣Ҷǳ뿪ӡ
һ·ǰУʦһ߶Ҷǳ˵ϾܲλĻ˿ռ䱾ԴĻڻ֮ҲǶġ
Ҷǳ˵ͷǿڣڻ綼һ
ʦ˵¥˵ѧԺһΪѡ񡣵һǳΪѧԺʦǳãǺ鷳ϾҪ˷Ѻܶʱȥ̵ѧԱڶ֣ǳΪϣ¥ԺҲѡ񡣡
ҶǳЩʵʦ¥ѧԺ𣿡
ǺǣʦɹȻһЦҲû⣬ϾǰҲܺ棬Ц˵ȻģûѧԺôǻǿ֮һѧԺϵΣ¥Ĵϣ㶼
˻ҶǳԵһϵκʹϾѧԺ¥жٸѹôֲ鲼硣
ҶǳʵѧԺԺ¥¥ʲôΪ
СӻǺķģʦݸЦλΰĴڣӽ۵Ĵڣ˵׼ۣǴţ˭֪أ۷ǿ϶ġ
ϼһ׼ۣ
ڴʱһЦ
Ҷǳʦһ
һ̣ǰһΣѾһλߴӰǰ
˵ǳߴ󣬾һ¥һɢųֻ޴۾һ΢ЦʦҶǳ
ʦ״æ񣺡޺۳ϣ
Ҷǳ޺۳ϣҶǳҲæ
֪λ޺۳ϱħܲĳϣһλռ䱾Դǿڡ
ڳ֮УǶĴڡ
С⣬𣿡޺۳ϴһҶǳʦЦʵ
ʦæ˵޺۳ϻ棬Ҷǳǰռ¥˲㡣
츳Ŭһ£˵лΪ߽ţδǱޣлﵽΡ
޺۳ЩˣҶǳĿ¶һĨЦݣʵ¥ĹأſһΧڵҪʹҪ𣿡
Ҷǳ˵ͷæҪȥս޺۳ϻ͡
Ǻǣ־ûѧԺ͸ȥսǿһⳡÿʱÿ̶ˣСӵǵ󡣡޺۳Ц
ҶǳڨڨһЦ
һԵʦЦҲȰˣСӷҪȥս
ûϵȥȥɣҸһ壬Σգͽ飬ϴͻȻлϵǿҾû취ˡ޺۳˵
Ҷǳмл޺۳ϡ
С¶ѣ޺۳ϰ˰֣漴óһ彻Ҷǳһ˺գҶǳ˽ȥ
ʦʧҶǳЦ޺۳ϣҪͷһ󱲣Ͼ츳Ǳܴ󣬳Ϊ߽ŵļʺܸߡ
Ǻܸߣһᣡ޺۳Ͽ·ʦҡͷЦ㰡ССӣ츳ɲֳֹ츳
ʲôʦɫһ䣬漴ŵؿ޺۳ϵѵСӻ츳
ľַش֮Բɾͻߣ
޺۳ϳҶǳһ䣬漴ʦЦ츳ߣҲ֪֪Ѿ˻ý磬һû޽Ϊ޻ʵĲϡԣĻýѹƵĳʵ
˻Ȼ˻ý磬һֻ޻ʣǵȷֹţѾ߽츳ˡʦ𺳡
˵꣬͵̧ͷ޺۳ϣһżϣôõӣôսȥˣһΣգ¥ʧʹˣֱ͵ѧԺȥ
ŵĴ㣬ǲҪǵĳɳʵ䷴
޺۳ϰ˰֣ҡͷģһעģֻҪ֣סһаյġ˵һ̫񼶱СһҲЩǿߵע⡣


1898 ɱ¾
ħ磬ս
νսǻħغϵء
ԲغϵӰ֡
ΪغϣϵԱ˴ɱϡ
ħϵǿߣ޷ģΪ̫۲õķӡ
ҲΪ˱硣
෴ǿߣۣܽħ硣
ˣħעǻĺ԰ǿ֡
ħʵҲǿرսֵŻ֡

սĳأռѿһӰ˳Ҷǳ
ӴսҶǳĵûע⣬Ͼֻһոս̫ѡ
սϣ̫Ҳ繷񶼵ɼ
ʱʱػлųǿȻҲûע⵽ҶǳͻȻСһ
Ҷǳһ֮󣬱Ϣ鿴һսĵͼȷһԼλã㳯ħǱ롣
֮ǰӦʦħ磿ǾǺŪ˵ġ
ħ磬ȥɱħǿߣȥΪ
ֻɱ̫Ӧò˻ɣ
Ҷǳһħ磬һ߰뵽
ֻҪ񾳽ˣֻҪɱһЩּ̫ħħţëɱһЩҲע⡣
ɱ̫˵ħǿߵע⣬ɱһЩ̫񣬾ûֺˡ
Ҷǳһħ磬һ̽Χ
սɱ¾ãû죬Ҷǳ˼ʮħɵĶ顣
ЩҶǳǲ鷳ģϾɱҲԼռΪûã˷ʱ䡣
ȻЩħȴûзŹҶǳֳҶǳɱҪڶɵսΧɱҶǳ
ǿԤϵģЩħȫ·һ
һȺ׳գΪսΧɱˣ
Ҷǳһǰ
ʮɵսȷǿ󣬶ԸһЩս̫ȷпܡ
ǣɲһ̫ţһǾŽš
Щħ³עһѱ硣
䣡
ֹ˼죬Ҷǳһλ̫񼶱ħ˫Ҳɱ캳ء
ҶǳĻýͻܿǿƻɱλ̫񼶱ħ
ռɶԷҶǳΪʱʼ̫ǰˡ

սϵӷǳģɱ¾ɱ¾
ֻӪһħ磬һǻ磬˫һ棬ûʲôϻֱӶɱ
Ҷǳһ·ɱ¾ɵ˵ĴΪڷ
ڼ䣬Ҷǳûʲôǿĵˣûϵǿߡ
ҪҶǳֳΪ̫ˣ񼴱㷢ˣҲûʲôȤ
ЩҶǳȤħΪ֪Ҷǳ츳ǿ³עܱ硣
ֱҶǳΪ̫Բ磬һλע⡣
̫Բ磿ҾͿҪ񾳽ˣϧ˱𣬽սʱ̡
ǿϢƵ
һλ񼶱ħҶǳ٣ͻȻˣɱ
Ҫɱߣֹٵһλ
̫ڻңѾǿˣֵǰҶǳɱҡ֮С
񣿡
ҶǳܵǰħɢǿϢɵ۾һ̫Բ֮Ҫɱһλ񾳽硣
û뵽Էôɣ˯˾ͷ
ռ
ý磡
򣡡
Ҷǳûзϻֱӭȥ
ı֣öλ񼶱ħĿɿڴû뵽һ̫Ȼûܣɱˡ
Ҫ
ýͻٵʱλ񼶱ħʱɫ䣬ͫš
ǿĻý磡
Ȼӵл򣡡
ǻĳţܾܿѧԺľŽţ
λ񼶱ħʱɫвд⣬ȫɱҶǳ
ҶǳҲ߶ռɱ貵ĽգһҵĽâ˺ѿռ䣬ն񷣬͵˹
ǿôܣ
񼶱ħʱɫ䣬оѡ
Ҷǳһֱ̫ǿˣо̫ķ룬Ѿвˡ
ȫʢʱڣ񼶱ħаյסҶǳһ
ǣýͻѹƣΪ䵽̫񾳽磬Ȼܵסһ

һĲҽλ񼶱ħҶǳһش
Ҷǳʤ׷شλ񼶱ħսնɱ
ɱλ񼶱ħ֮ҶǳûĴǽӡպɡ
ڻܽھͽٶȾ̫ˣܻܿ¥Ļɡ
Ҷǳ뵽
̫̫Բ磬˵սʲôһ񾳽磬Ǿ˵ȥˡ
ԣҶǳλ񼶱ħĴȹʱɡ
ߵȽѧԺʱҲ١
ûȥˣ
ҶǳħĴ֮󣬱ó޺۳͸壬͵顣
һ̣Ҷǳǰͳһռͨԥ̤Уʧ


1899 ѩ
ħǣ¥ܲѵӪ
Ҷǳ߳ռͨһ۱㿴޺۳ϣиոոʦ
Сӣôô죬ףΪʦҶǳЦЦͻȻֵɴ۾𾪡
ΪҶǳΪѾﵽ̫Բ硣
޺۳ҲЩ⣬·ҶǳЦСӵȥսûãﵽ̫Բ磬񾳽Ҳˡ
ֱ̫ˣʦ̾ռҶǳСһʱֻһλڶԼˡ
Ҷǳλǰ𾪣Դ׼Ц˵սЩõһЩԲô졣̫ԲѾǼˣҪչһʱ䣬ٿǳ񾳽硣
ܹõҲĻԵһŶлԵ츳ߣԵҲ͸󡣡ʦĽ
޺۳Ц˵ΪҲã츳ټΪȥѧԺҲеٮٮߣЩ˽ˡ
ҶǳһλǰƺܿԼ˵ԼЩ˽ţΪʲôǽЩ߽ţ
Ҫ֪¥ֳ츳츳
ѵλǰ츳أ
ˣԷǻӦûῴһЩ
ҶǳһԷ⣬˵ûпǾŽ츳ͺã˾ͱ¶߽츳
ȥѧԺҲ׼¶߽츳ǰ˽츳ġ

λǰҶǳ㷵Լס
Ϊ̫Բ磬ʱܽ񾳽磬Ҷǳǰ˲١
ٶǸϿ˹аյġ
ȥѧԺٲõı۸
Ҷǳʱٴ󣬴ȭȻʱΪ٣ȭȴһء
ȭսǳǿҶǳܹӳռǿ
ֻȭоʽÿһʽоת
ҶǳڲŽڶʽһת볹սкܳһ·Ҫߡ
սֻҪķʱˡ
ʱٴڣҶǳеʱ䣬ȫ⡣
ʱţҶǳȭԽԽǿ
ֱһ죬ڽȭ˵ʽھתѾĿǰܹļˡ
Ҫɵʽ̤񾳽С
Ҷǳ㣡
Ҷǳصʱ򣬶дʦ
Ҷǳһѯʵʦµ𣿡
ֻ֪ëǲҵ
ǣһŮˣ׼ҵİѩһλŮŶҰ׼ҵʵҲǹħһ塣ٺ٣ʦϷŰش
ҶǳȴǴһ£һʱûֱһŻعɫЩӡ
Ϊֵ˭ˡ
ǸŮˣս½ɱĴڡ
ҶԷǰĽ㡣
ҸʲôôҶǳüͷ΢΢һ壬ŮˣûжٺøС
ȻԷǰĽ㣬ǲɱ
ңҲǶԷߵģǷ޹ô궼޷ۡ
Ӧ֪ңˣ
Ҷǳ룬ǳܲȥ
ǲܲѵӪġ
һҶǳܲſڴһɫĽһλɫȹɢջϢŮ
ԷҲҶǳ˹һ˫֮һ˿ȺͲš
ѩҶǳ˹ȥޱ飬ƽ
ѩҶǳһһпʵ˵֪ĴʱһΪͬͬյģû뵽Ȼ㣬ֱ˼飬һⶼܹСϣȻһƽȵ̬վǰ̫Ҿˡ
ҶǳüͷѩȻ˵ĻܽĿҲ˸߸ϡ
Ҷǳܲˬӣ䶢˵ƽȣֻ̫ڣ̫Բ̤񾳽硣ңţأƾҲƽȣ
㡭ѩԣʱŭصҶǳվǿסˣЦôҪ浱㱨ҳʵǿ츳Ҳǿǰ׼ҵʵɲܹģԺΪ˻ǰ׼Ҳ޾塣
Ҷǳ׼Һǿ𣿱ǸҲΪǰ׼ұڵ¥ǿŶˣҾҪȥѧԺˣǾ͸Ӳǰ׼ǵǿ
ȱһ㣿
ѩɫҶǳһ̵㵹죬ֻ¥һѧԱԺҲֻѧԺһѧԱΪԵ¥ǰ׼ҼĳŮأ
ǿٹãҾ̤񾳽ˣҵ츳Щ񣬿»ҵĶ֡Ҷǳм
ѩɫԽˣû뵽Ҷǳôǿƣֱһ㶼


1900 
ѩؿϣʵǱҶǳˣû뵽ҶǳôǿӲҶײ
ʵ˵һֻϣȻܹɳ̶ֳȣѩкܲģҶǳʱԽˬˡ
ҶǳǸ㳳ܵģ
ѩһǰҶǳ˵û磬Ҳˣõ飬Ҳ͵ڡ
ǣȻѾ˻磬ЩͲܵˡ
ѩҶǳ˵ڷ˽ˣֻ˽Ϊûеõǰ׼ҵϿɣԲ㡣ģӴԺ͸һϣҲҪõݵõǰ׼ҵԴ
ҶǳԣʱЦˣԼҪðð׼ҵԴǰ׼δҲ̫߿Լ˰ɣԼս½ʱķ
Ҷǳȴǳ˸ˣǰİѩЦ˵ô˵Һܸˣ˵ûңĻòص˵ؾҡ
ѩüͷ˵Ȱʶ㣬עҪ޸Ͽ˹ģѧԺİ˽ţ֪ʲôǰ˽𣿱ǿ̫ˣǰֻһֻϣҪ⡣
ҶǳߵϿ˹Ҳ˭赲Һ֮䣬ҾԲùǰ׼ңҸһʱ俼ǣҽ֮ǰǲǰǰ׼ҵġǵҽ֮ҾͻӰ׼ҴԺǰ׼һ˿һĹϵ
˵գҶǳתȥ
ѩŭҶǳıӰȵҶǳ㲻Ҫˣ˵ܲл񾳽磬ԣҲûʸвǰ׼ҡ
ѩҶǳЩǰ׼ҿɲֻһλΪʲôвǰ׼𣿼ֱǸЦ
ǰ׼ܹڹħ㣬ΪһȻǿĵ
Ǿǰ׼ҵ档
ǰ׼ҵ治һλ񣬶һһλ۷ǰ׼ıǮ
е츳ϾǴСطģһ֮ҲСǰ׼ңߣѩҶǳıӰһתȥ
׼תϿ˹Ͽ˹֮ɱҶǳԾ󻼡
ϾҶǳ¥ԺҪѧԺǰ׼ûɱѧԺѧԱҲô
ǵϿ˹ͲһˣѧԺİ˽ţǹħĻϵӵܣȻһЩλ
ɱҶǳ౻һû̫顣
οϿ˹ҲδõԼԳ֡
Ҫ֪Ͽ˹ħţѧԺڿӵо޴

С
Ҷǳ֮󣬱Ǳޡ
ΰѩĵҲһ£֪˰⡣
ûѩͲòˡ
ңڰܱܿڰ׼ңȻѩܹ֪Ϣô֪ܲϾǰ׼ҼŮ
Ͽ˹˽ţ
Ҷǳ˼Ƭ̣Ŀǰơ
Ȼǰ׼Ȼͬ⣬ϾϿ˹츳ǱԶԶǿҶǳ
ǰ͵Ͽ˹һǰ׼ҲˮǴߣ̫Ӵˡ
Ҷǳ
ȻҶǳڱֳ츳ûеϿ˹ڵĻҲ׼һͬͰһ
Ǻ͵Ͽ˹һԱȣҶǳͲԶˣ츳Ͽ˹͸Ӳܱȡ
һУֻܹı
ҶǳЦҿǾŽţϿ˹ʲôǿҽΪ񣬳ΪԼܴһҪ𣿡
ʱҶǳЩңԼûб¶̫츳
츳ô̫˶ʼɡ
ڱֳ˽츳ǾŽ츳ǿ°׼ɲվߡ
ףǵϿ˹ı̫ǿˡ
ңʱ׼ҷϵϿ˹ɱԾ󻼣ϾҶǳ츳̫ǿˡ
Ҳ׼Һ͵Ͽ˹֣Ӧò̫
ϾѧԺڣŶǡ
ǲҶǳʱ䣬Ҷǳĳɳʱ䡣
ҪڽѧԺ֮ǰ͵Ͽ˹ĲࡣҶǳ뵽
ýָͷ£ܲµϿ˹ѧԺӴħţ£ѧԱ
ңϿ˹϶Լרʦνʦʦʦ縸ʦͽϵǷǳġ
Ͽ˹ʦ϶Ͽ˹Ͽ˹ʦ˵ҲʦֵܣϵչõϿ˹ѧԺڶӵӴ
ѧԺ⣬ǵϿ˹͸ǿˣϾǹħϵӵܣ츳ָߣ϶ǹħصĶ
棬һʸ޷ȽϣΨѧԺڣƾҵ츳ϣһϳ̡Ҷǳ뵽
ܵϿ˹ѧԺҲǿ󣬵ҶǳţѧԺôӴڲ϶ᶼվڵϿ˹һߡ
츳ǿδؾͲ£һЩʦԿϿ˹
Ҳȥݷһ޺۳ϣָһ¡Ҷǳһ뿪ӣ޺۳ȥ


1901 һ
Ҷǳ֪ͨˣѧԺ֮󣬱лݵһλʦ
ѧԺкܶʦÿѧԱʦʦͬʦ
ʦҪߵȷϵģǳڹϵ
ʦ๪и񣬲㳤ڹϵ
ңһλʦӵеͽܲ࣬һλʦ֪˶λѧԱ
磬ʦͽϵǳȼϵҪ
Ͼڲֹһ󱲣ǻĴ壬֪˶£ӵеӵʤ
ʦͽʦֵܾǼˣϵȻˡ
ҶǳȻѧԺȻҲҪһλʦ𣬵ѧԺ˽⣬֪Ҫ˭
޺۳ҲǴѧԺģѧԺӦú˽⡣
ৣ
Ҷǳ˼ʱ˾ͱŲƵ޺۳ǰ
ֶΣҶǳǳĽ
ռԴĻǱһ۷Ҫǿ׼ȫˡ
Ҷǳ޺۳ʵǸüɵϿ˹ˣʵ㹻ưһħҲǡ
ϾռԴ޺۳ϣҪӵĻǼû˿ɱҲɱ
Ϊռ䱾Դǿߣܹǿܷǧ
Ҳǰ޺۳ϣֻ޺۳ϵһ߷Ҫɱ޺۳ϣ׼ۼĳǿߣѽɱ
ûĸʵҵһɱĵˣǼֱһѡ
Ϊʱ޺۳ϿԷǧȥɱǼĵӣܲÿ˶ǲһλ񱣻ɣ
ݼ޺۳ϣҶǳǰ޺۳ϣæ
޺۳ЦŰڰֵʲô飿ڰ׼ҵ𣿡
ѵӪȻ֪Ҷǳڼѩú󣬱ԼȻǺͰ׼йء
ҶǳԳһ£Ϊ޺۳Ϻ͹ħ壬Ǹ׼Ҳйϵ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷǳ޺۳˵޺۳ϣǰ˰׼ҡ
Ǻǣصģ޺۳ԣûҶǳ˵꣬ЦŰֵ׼ңҶԸ¥ˣοϾҪѧԺˣ츳ûҪɵ׼ҡ
Ҷǳһ֪޺۳ϺͰ׼ûϵĵǹħ塣
ǣҶǳЦһ£޺۳˵޺۳ϣʵһˡ
޺۳Ҳɵһ۾ͿҶǳ̽ԼɵЦСǾĺܣ˵ɣ˭ϷеϵͰǻԹûʲô˵ġȻ¥ǾͲõϷԸ㣬ĵҲ¥ģϷ򶥶಻֣ǹƽɡ
ҶǳڨЦǵϿ˹ѧԺİ˽š
޺۳ԻȻ򣬿ǰҶǳЦԭˣǵϷ͵Ͽ˹йϵ̽Ϸ򡣡
ǰ£ҶǳæǸ
޺۳ϰ˰֣Ц˵Сӻ̫ˣϸϷݣ͸֪Ϸ͵Ͽ˹ûʲôϵ
ŶҶǳЩԻ
޺۳΢΢ЦϿ˹ǰ˽ţǹħĻӵܣϷǺйϵǾͲ¥ܲˡֱȥħĿ䲻𣿻ߴѧԺڣΪϿ˹𣿡
ҶǳȻ
޺۳ϼ˵Ϸ¥ܲѵӪ¥ϣˣûʲôϵʵԼ֪ˣԺ˻ҪѧԺʦ¥һϣ
Ȼ¥ˣҶǳԥػشûȥѧԱأԼҪʱ䰡ëǶỵ́οǱˡ
޺۳Ц˵ͶˣɵģѧԺʦЩʦģĿĵģ˵Լ£ѧԱȻΪΪλʱ˷ѧԱϣ
ҶǳȻ
£ҶûټԼͰһһ
޺۳ǳ𾪣һŵؿҶǳ˵ȻǴӷһģһʼûһ˿ķˣ
ҶǳЩ޺۳ϵĹעƺЩͬΪʲôرעԼǲǷˣ
Ҷǳǵͷһʼȷһˣʱս½ߵļսҲֻǸոհѷΡ
̫˼ˣ
޺۳϶ǰҶǳĿȣ˷ܵ˻ý磬ѻΪ޻ʣϷûв´Ļ츳߽ףԲԣ
ҶǳڨڨһЦҲûлش𣬱Ͼƭ޺۳ϡ
޺۳ȴҶǳĬˣҶǳտտ˵߽츳Ž۷츳мʽΪ׼ӷ˽߳ȴͬ
Ҷǳʱˣɻʵ޺۳ϣӷ˽߳ʲôͬ
޺۳Ц˵Ϊִӷ˽һɳţȻŶ˺ܶν
Ҫ֪ÿһεĽεΪǴܴĺô
ˣţͬȱ˵츳һ
Ҳ˵߽츳ʵϣϿ˹İ˽š
޺۳һ˷ܵ˵û뵽ϷܲȻһţ


1902 λԺ
޺۳ϴǰҶǳЦݣзǳˡ
һʼΪҶǳֻ߽ţ߽ȻҲܲԺĳɾʹǻ۷壬кСļܹ׼
޺۳ϵһλ߽š
ţ޺۳ȻҲܸˣû̫⣬Ͼ˿ռԴĻʵһ۷ǿˡ
ԣҶǳԺΪ۷޺۳϶⡣
ڲһˣҶǳȻǴӷһɳģ츳ͿȰ˽ˡ
˽ţܳΪ۷ֻҪúһ£Ϊ׼⣬лΪ
˾޴ǱȻܵ޺۳ϵĿˡ
˽ţ츳ϣѾԺ͵Ͽ˹ˣ
޺۳ϿǰҶǳЦ˵ں͵Ͽ˹ȣıǱ˵ıָħı
Ҷǳ˼
޺۳ϼ˵ħǿҲ޷¥ѧԺڲ飬ҲҳֶԸ㡣ѧԺڲҪСˡ
Ҷǳɫ
޺۳ϳһģѧԺ¥ôӴڲȻҲкܶСɽͷϿ˹츳ǿȻܵһ˵Ŀء
Щ֮УѧԺʦҲѧԺϵΣѧԺĸԺԸ㣬ǼҰ㣬Ҳûá
Ȼ
޺۳ͻȻҶǳ˵ΪʦȥѧԺĻҵʵס㻹ǿԵġֻһϿ˹棬ѶȾˣԺܹ
⡭Ҷǳһ㶣û뵽޺۳ҪԼΪͽ
˵޺۳ϵʵȷʸΪͽҶǳҪȥѧԺ
һӱܣҲҪѧԺֻȥѧԺܺͰžۡ
뵽ҶǳЦһǸϣǳǸҲҪμӿ˽ѧԺұҪȥѧԺ
޺۳ЦŰֵû£ʵҲͽܣϾ̵ͽҲᵢʱ䣬ֻǼ츳ڣ˼
ҶǳڨڨһЦ
޺۳΢΢һЦǰҶǳ˵ȻҪȥѧԺǾҪѡһʦԿϿ˹
Ҷǳ˵ͷһϿҵ˵޺۳ϣҶѧԺڲϤԲصġ
޺۳΢΢ЦСӵǴ
һ£޺۳ɫһ˵ҪԿϿ˹ѡһλʵǿ󣬶ҸϿ˹ûʲôϵʦˣҲм
޺۳ϱ۾ƺڻʲôһ۾Ҷǳ˵뵽ˣǶǶĶߣϲͽܣ֮ѧԺΪѧԺԺãĻ¥ˡ
λѧԺĸԺǵΪ磬ʵǿˡܹݵеһΪʦͲټɵϿ˹ıˡ
޺۳ϵĻҶǳʱʵԺҲͽ˵ԺƽѧԺģôͽܣ
޺۳΢΢ЦֻҪ츳ǿ󣬾ǴпܻΪͽԺ֮ԲͽܣҪûʵĵӣϾǲ˷ʱڷϡõǵϿɣǾͻΪͽ
ҶǳʵλԺ˭ҪβܵõǵϿɡ
޺۳΢΢ЦλԺֱǵлӰ
ˣеĲͻһԷޣҲ˵ܹеһΪʦ൱λɽڻ缸Ժˡ
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴ʵ޺۳ϣλԺʲôˣβܵõǵϿأ
޺۳Ц˵ߵǹٵĹǳǿٶҲ죬һλǿ۷ԸΪ˷ǳǿƣƧԵ
ҪõϿɣǿĵ츳УѧԺһ⣬ֻҪܹܵסܱΪͽܣһܲס򱻵ɱش˺˸ȥʦ
ҶǳüͷɲߵģӦòﵽλҪ
λԺأ
Ҷǳʵ
޺۳ϼ˵֮ģǻǿһˣҲ۷óǷ󷨣õ󷨣׼֮£˿ƣƷ޵УԲű֮Ϊ
ѧԺڲһΪ飬ֻҪ߳󷨣ͻᱻΪӡ֪ΪֹҲֻһ˱Ϊӡ
޺۳ϿҶǳЦʣµĻӰߵǻӰ֮Ȼ۷ǸһԷ򣬺ѱɱʵ۷
СӲ˻ýʵҲ߻õģҲԵõӰϿɡ
Ҷǳһ΢΢˼
Ͳˣߵ
ڲ󷨣Ҷǳǰ浹ЩоԶԶȲëҲѵõϿɡ
ΨӰһЩᡣ
뵽Ҷǳʱ޺۳ʵӰʲô飿


1903 
޺۳Ц˵ѧԺڲһý磬ֻҪý߳ܵõϿɡֻôδһ˵õϿɣѶ֮󣬿֪
Ҷǳüͷʵ޺۳ϣѵѧԺû˻ýҲòӰϿɣ
˻ý磬ܵõӰϿɡ
޺۳ҡҡͷ̶Ц˵ӰҪܸߣڻýӵкܸߵ츳УҲиһɻý磬ҽΪ޻ʵţɵòӰϿɡ
ҶǳЦһλѡ
λԺҪ̫ˣʵûʲôա
߽ģǿԣϾĽ츳ǿռ˭ܿ⣿
Ժ֮о⼸ˣ˴͵Ͽ˹ЩϵΪħġοܶัԺԼļ壬ǼǼ壬ǲΪֵġ
޺۳ϳڸԺ֮µϵΣǱͺæûԸͽܵġͨʦûƺϿ˹Ĵˡ
Ҷǳ̾˿ǹ޺۳һ񣺡лָ㡣
õѧԺĴϢ֮Ҷǳ͸ȥˡ
޺۳ϿҶǳıӰ΢΢һЦСӲ츳ǿҲҲĿԿϿ˹ѧԺ˼ˣǺǡ

صԼӣҶǳ˼
Ӱ·ȻҪԿģҲԿһЩϵΣ˵Լ츳õǵϿأ
ֻҶǳûжٰգΪԸѧԺν̵ģԼļ壬Լ
ҪΪʦǾ͵üڵļʧȥһЩɣɲҶǳҪġ
ֻ޺۳˵λԺǶߣֻΪԺãѧԺġ
ԣΪʦͲʧȥˡ
Ѷ̫ˡ
Ӱ
Ҷǳó¥ƣʼӰϢҪ˽λӰ
¥ǷǳǿģҲһЩء
Ӱܴʵǿķ޵еĴڣǿɾһѻȻܴ
ҶǳЩĽˣͰΪǾͺˡ
ϢҶǳֻӰ߻Ӱ֮Ļý磬Էǧÿһбɵ
ԻӰʵɵҲ
Ҳ˵ӰԷֳķǾֲ̫ˡ
֮ͨУλӰ޵еġ
Ψ۷ܻܻӰ
۷ҲɱӰΪҲӰı塣
˵Ӱñ߻磬ȥ̽㹻ˣˣܼۡ
ռԴ޺۳Щƣ޺۳һ쵽ܲʵķѾڸ̽
Ӱ޺۳ҪǿˣϾӰеǿߡ
ӰߵǻӰ֮ڻýҲﵽԲ磬Ҳÿʲôˡ
Ҷǳ˼
ĻѾΪ޻ʣý缸ﵽԲ磬ҪٶȱǿǾֻܿˡ
ǿҶǳûжͷϾһֱԼûָ
һõǿ߱ͺϡ٣ָܹҲ٣޺۳϶޷ָ
ҶǳѧԺĿѾˣʱ֮󡣡ͻȻһϤҶǳԺС
ʦ
ҶǳɫһҪμѧԺĿʱܿ찡
ô˵ܼܿ
ҶǳжʱЩˡ
ң
Ҷǳйâ˸óǸ񼶱ħǿ߷²ӽնɱ
һ̣ռʼλ񼶱ħǿߡ
ҶǳҪ񾳽ˡ
ռɣڷ׳ͻһٽ㣬ﵽһµĲΡ
񾳽磡
Ҷǳ۾˫⼤Ϣٶȱǿࡣ
ʱҶǳоԼռѾһĽԺˣռ𣬻Զȴһλռˡ
ǿ
Ҷǳʵ仯񾳽֮ʵøǿˡ
ԽŽ츳Ǳͬ缸޵С
ȻŸ񾳽磬ҶǳԼڿԽڵģʵڵһս
Ͼ츳ԻһϵǿߣԶԿڵǿߡ
ǵϿ˹Ȼ֪ĸ磬ڲˡҶǳЦһ
ʵϲϿ˹Ǳˡ
ӰҶǳĿǰʦӰһȰ


1904 ˿ʼ
תۼ
ڣҶǳûټȹΪȹΪ
֮Ҷǳǰȥʦ
ʦһ۾ͿҶǳΪͻˣɵ۾һȵСӵٶȺÿ죬ʱ򲻹񾳽磬ھȻ񾳽ˣϷˡ
ʦҲ񾳽磬Բ񣬱ڻ񾳽硣
ϴսЩΪĿ졣Ҷǳǫ
ʦҲûжʣÿ˶ˡ
Ҷǳ츳ǿΪ׷ˣȻҵҶǳ
СӸȥ޺۳ϰɣҪȥμӿˣ޺۳ȥҿûʦ漴Ц
Ҷǳ˵ͷʦȥ޺۳ϡ
źԶҶǳ͸Ӧ޺۳ﻹʮߵİϢ
ʦԱ߿Ҷǳ仯΢΢ЦǺһμӿ˵ˡ
ҶǳʵܲѵӪ˵ҲҪμӿˣǲһȥ𣿡
ʵ䡣
Ϊʮ֮Уƺûаڡ
ˣȻԼȥˣǿûȥǡʦЦ
ҶǳЩźϧܺͰһȥ
Ͼڿ֮ˣҲһʱ
ǾҶǳ
Ǹ𣿡
ӵ츳ߡ
˵Բÿ˾ܽѧԺԼҪˡ

Ҷǳִ޺۳ʱ򣬶ʱ˵Ĺע
ϾҶǳŵϢѾˡ
Щ꣬Ҷǳһֱչûţ˲ûмʱȻǳע
ȺУҲҶǳЩأһս⡣
ţߣ
ӿҶǳЩˬϾǰĿڹâҶǳˣȻܲˬ
οƼ޺۳϶ҶǳͷЦЦӼˡ
Ͼ޺۳϶ԴЩˣһֱޱ顣
޺۳ϣ
Ҷǳû˵Ŀ⣬޺۳Ϲһ
޺۳ҲҶǳЦŵ˵ͷĿɿڴЩš
Ҫ֪ǸղŰݼ޺۳ϵʱ޺۳ϿǶû۾ǡ
ڣ޺۳ԶҶǳ࿴˸е𾪡
ֻţ޺۳ϵĹע
ǰƺҲţ޺۳Ͽûôע
ɻʱ޺۳ϿˣȻ˶ѾˣǾ߰ɣϣǶܽѧԺ
䣬޺۳ϻ˻֣ڳˣʦ֮⣬ȫʧˡ
ʦҶǳʧĵطЦСȥμӿˣҪȥʵ츳Ҳ߸ѡ
޺۳΢΢ЦĿĵġ
޺۳˵գ㽫ҶǳͰʦ
ʦԻȻ򣺡ԭˣǰҲϢ˵׼ҵǶԽȥ磬û뵽ȻԵ֡Ҷǳܹӷһ츳ǿ߼ţ
ֹ߼ǰ˼޺۳Ц
ʦ࣬˼ҪǴ˳ȥħҪ䶯ˡ
ϾѧԺ˼Ŷġ
Ͽ˹ɲһСһȥѧԺȻ͵Ͽ˹ʦ˵
޺۳ЦȤѧԺЩˮһƬӦøȥһˡ

ͬʱڹħʹѩҲһ׼ɻҵһλռԴĻȥμѧԺĿˡ
ûȥģǰ׼ҪѰ͵Ͽ˹ȥȻҪȥ
ҲǵϿ˹˼˵ȴһ顣

ѩԱԼã̲סʵôȥˣ벻ףΪʲô㻹ڵǸˣһ𲻹ʮ꣬ʱ֮УֵһᣬΪʲôô
ҷᶨ˵
ѩߵ㵱ս½ɲֹתһΣйķɲֹһˡ
һһˣǰڰתǲңûϵ
ߣһģѩЦ
㽫һֽ⣬÷ֽĲϣһǻͬһ𣿡
ǽƱ磡ѩߵ
ûѩ
ѩüͷܿиˣѾ֪Ͽ˹йҶǳ飬Ͽ˹ҲӦڿ֮нҶǳκˡ
ȥɣ
ڴʱһϵ
һ̣ڰǰһ޴Ŀռѷ졣
һ£漴׷̤ǰĿռѷ֮С
ѧԺĿʽĻ


1905 
̤ռͨҶǳһɫڣǰһΰĽǳӴ󣬼߼ʣԼԼĸ֣ɢԡѧԺ
Ҷǳֻ֪ҪǰɽѧԺ
Ȼǰʲô飬һ·϶ô򵥡
ȻΧһЩ
ҶǳΧȥƬɫڣֻмʮˣһɫ
ڸԶĵطһƬɫ涼̫
ڸԶĵطɫ涼
Ȼͬȼߣֵ˲ͬ
ҲǺģϾ㲻ܽһȥǲ̫ˡ
ңҶǳ󷨿ѹΪЩΪѹڡ
Ȼôܣ
ԶɫѰҶǳӰѰ˰죬ҲҶǳӰֱ򿴵Ҷǳ
ӾˣҶǳܲѵӪʱֻΪôһת۾ͳΪˣ
⻹ƨϿ˹̭⻹ô̭üͷ
ͬʱںɫڡ
Ҷǳڹ۲ܣͻȻʮһɫƣŰѹ
ҶǳɫĮؿǡ
Ϊ׵һ˿ҶǳƺҶǳ漴Ҷǳ԰ɣ
£ҶǳĮؿ
Ϊ׵һЦ̭㣬ԣǸˣҪ־͹˲õˡ
䣬ʮѾɴ󣬳Ҷǳɱ
Χ״׷Զһ㣬±ǣȥ
Ҷ񾳽磬ʮ֣Ƿǳֲġ
οܹμӿˣһˣš
Ҳ˵ʮٶǶס׵ţĽ׵ġ
սսܿˡ
ȻϧҶǳ
䣡
ǰʮҶǳ۾һУý˲併١
һ̣ʮͱڻý֮С
ãǻý磡һ˾Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ýĿֲǶǷǳġ
˿̣ڻý֮УǵΪѹࡣ
ռ
ҶǳûǶٷӦʱ䣬Żý罵֮Ѿӽɱ˹ȥ
ռɨȥɱһ
λǰͳȥˡ
Ҳǹڿ֮УǲɱԷģΪʱ򣬻ᱻͳȥ
Ͼţ㲻ܽѧԺδҲһǿߣ¥ǲǱɱġ
ǿ
ʣµ񿴵ҶǳɱһˣʱȻ
Ҷǳʵǵ
Ҷǳɲô࣬ӽɱһλλ̭
ĸĽ񣬶ֵסҶǳһһ̭
Χսǣȫˣһж˲š
ţ
ǻý簡߽ţ
һǴĸܲѵӪģ

˽𺳡
ΨдӹħܲѵӪ¶˲ŵĿ⡣
Ƕ֪Ҷǳţû뵽ҶǳȻӵлý磬츳˵ֹס
ʧ𣿡
ԶɫҲ˺ɫǱߵսҶǳɱķʮҲǳ𺳡
Ͽ˹ʧˣҶǳ츳αضԽѧԺҡҡͷٶ¡
Ͼǲһ
ɫ
Ҷǳ̭ʮ֮ͻȻͷŲԶɫȥ
˼״ǳ졣
һλԹħܲѵӪĴҶ֣ǰ߲ܽѧԺԽΪᱻһ磬ѶȻӵġ
лҶǳ˵˵ͷɳɫȥ
״ù£׷׳ѧԺȥ
ҶǳѾɫɫ
ҶǳʱоԼΪڽ͵̫Բ
ҶǳںһߵɫȥΪ֪϶ɫ
䣡
Ҷǳһ·ǰеʱһӰͻȻǰһҵĵâҶǳͷ¡
ӣҶǳӽסһ˿ȥɵüͷ
ˣӡ
ӿҶǳû뵽ȻҿҺϿ˹нףҪ̭㣬¡
䣬ӻӶĵ棬ϵҶǳ
Ҷǳ۾һУý罵١
ӸܵʵѹƣɳҶǳӵɱ
䣡
ҶǳһֱӽӺѪɡ
ͫŵصɴ۾㡭㾹Ȼ߽ţ
ҶǳһսѾˣҶǳ߽š
ѹֻ޺۳Ϲע
кȻ


1906 ¥
Ͽ˹
ҶǳӵĻɫһںɫǱܵʮλΧ²⣬û뵽ǵϿ˹Ϊ
ڿѩѾϿ˹ᣬԵϿ˹ҪֹѧԺ
Ͽ˹Ҫɱ
ϾһѧԺϿ˹ɱѶˡ
ǵϿ˹ҪֹѧԺĿġ
Ȼˣ͹ɣ
Ҷǳ˼һһѾǰһݺݵ
ҫ۵Ľ⣬ʱûˡ
Χ˿ҲһЩɱҶǳȴԮֻؿӱҶǳ̭ˡ
˷ǳ𺳣弶ţԭ׽ѧԺȴ̭ˣǱߡ
ɱ
ҶǳýΧֶȥеĳɨķһҵĽ۳ɳӣ˷׷û
ЩӵϿ˹Ը̭ˣҶǳȻ飬һ̭ˡ
һҶǳɫǱ߿ȥ
Χ˷׷𾪺ˣԶԶҶǳӰһɴ۾Щš
һȻҪ磬ֱֲ̫ˡ
ÿο磬Ϊήͣ츳ҲήһΣԿսǳ
Ҷǳȴá
ҶǳǾżţߣ伸ɿԺɨȫ

ɫ࣬񼶱ﵽ
ˣľҲ͸Ӽҡ
Ͼÿ¼ȡޣΨȸϵѧԺˣпܽѧԺʣµ˾ͻᱻ̭
ԣɱġ
ʵǿûãһЩ߻ɱ㡣
ȻʵǿҲ
ңѧԺԽ˾ͻܵһЩ飬˵ѹƣĳлþĿ顣
˲ҪܵľɱҪѧԺĿˣÿһǳѡ
ЩҶǳ˵ȴԵúɡ
ý磬ͬͥɢһ㣬Χߣһһֱ̭޿ƥС
¼ʮٸ֣ڻý֮УҲҶǳĶ֡
Ҷǳ˫⼤䣬һ߳ѧԺķȥһѰŰӰ
֪ǷѾıˣһ˵걾ʲ仯ԶǰϢ
οѩӦҲ˵ͺͰһ
ҶǳһǰһѰŰټ
ˣǺܴģԽǰҲܵѹƣҲܵѹƣҶǳѰҲͼѶˣֻ۹۲졣

ȺУѩͰһȺ˱ţѧԺȥ
Щ˵кܶǿߣʵǿ츳ǿ󣬶Ǻ͵Ͽ˹˽ףҪͰѩȥѧԺ
ȻһЩߣģЩˣԽӽѧԺͻ١
ʱѧԺѶҲԽԽˣİͰѩܵѹ
ҲֻԱľߣѧԺĿ飬ȴû취ֻܿԼֵ
ѧԺշԣ˵˱ܻȥǲܵġ
ǿĻþҳ٣
ѩ۾ɫЩ԰ףղžһλþΪʵģùؼʱͦ˹
Աߵİ˵츳У뿪ɣ
˵գתͷԶɫǱ߿һָоʲô
ߣѩһ츳ȷȲϰ
ɫǱ߿жʱһͻ漴򶨵ڿʲôǱ߶̫ǲҿ
ûʲôҡͷѧԺǰȻ֪Ͽ˹ѧԺҪȥΪڼ֮УᱻΨнѧԺһ˿ɡ
ңҶǳ˽⣬Ҷǳ˻磬һ϶ȥѧԺġ
ΪҶǳһŵţһ̨
ǼһӦñ˰ɣ
ѩ˿ҲɫǱߣΪҶǳ̫񾳽磬֪ҶǳѾ̤񾳽硣
ʵ̫ͣҶǳ
οҶǳ˿ѾǺˡ

ѧԺ
˿ѧԺǰҲвڵȴţϾÿο˶ǳ֣ܶ˶뿴ʲô˲õųˡ
οϿ˹λ˼ţ˿̶
Ͽ˹һοˣõô𣿾֪ǿһţҲ츳ѡԶһϷŰ
תͷȥȴһ̤նʥ֣һ˵壬ϵ¶ȥҹµһ飬Ʋ
¥Ͽ˹۾һУˡ
ΧҲһλ˽ˡ
¥ǹӣҲһλ˽ţʵǿ󣬲ڵϿ˹ţҲѧԺһǿ


1907 
¥
Ͽ˹ˣһɫ
ǰˣѧԺĶ֣ΪԷ츳ʵ֮߱¡
Ѿ˺ܶΣǰδô⣬Īεгһλ˲𣿡
¥һ·ŵϿ˹΢΢Ц
Χ˶ȳݵؿλľţλǻţҲһҫ۵žǡ
¥һѽҪѧԺûϵö롣Ͽ˹¥˵
¥΢΢һ㶣漴Ȼ˵ǰ׼ҵİ˵÷㶨»Լѹô⡣
ֻһͨţõô𣿡
Ҫ֪ѧԺڣкܶ׵֮Ů߽׵֮ŮĽȴͬɻ󡣡
¥ЩɻԵϿ˹츳ݣҪʲôŮûУΪôǸ׼ҵİ
㲻˵Ů˲һ˭Ҳ޷ȡġϿ˹Ƴ¥һۣ漴ѧԺĴ⡣
Ժиһ䡣
ССʱʱ츳ûбھпĹħ֮Уֵͬܽ۸ĺܲҡ
ʱ򣬵Ͽ˹һĬĬ˿ڣܹ¶ܱˣЩ
ֱǸŰɫȹСŮ߽ܵĵһů
ǸСŮǰ
ʱõ飬ҲļС

ɫ
Ҷǳһ·ǰУҵ˰ˡ
һϤİɫӰģòδı䣬ƺϲһһֱս½ӣ·δı䡣
Ҷǳһ۾ϳˡ
ʱ·ֹͣҶǳֻʣɫȹŮˣӡ
ǰ˱ȺеİҲƺӦͻȻͷҶǳȥ˲ʹסˡ
ôˣԱߵİѩЩɻ˳ŰĿ⿴ȥʱͫһɫ䡣

ǼһȻôܣ
̫ôˣ
ģ
ôѵϿ˹ŵ׷ɱģ
ѩЩˣһֱֹ֪ҶǳϢǲ룬ʱ䳤ˣȻҶǳ
ڣҶǳȻ׷ˣðѩЩֲ
ڿʲô߰ɣǰѧԺˡѩæŰǰȥ
Ҷǳȥ
һ̣ҲֻʣµҶǳ
桭𣿡
ңˡҶǳǰһ˲ǰԱߴеİѩֻаһˡ
ս½һ·硢½ǳصȵȵǧɽˮһδΣ
궼ȥˣٴμˡ
ǳ

û˿ԥΧһ˺ӵһ
׷ĵȴһ̳ױˡ
ɱ
Աߵİѩ״ʱŭΧ˴
ΧЩҲǵϿ˹ŵģղͻȻҶǳ֣ǻЩȣ˿̷׷׳ֹҶǳ
ǳҪֹ㱻Ҷǳ§ڻУû£
䣬ý罵٣ֲҲΧӳȥ
һ̣Ҷǳʵ츳ֲĻý˷ӳȥ
Щˣýͻʵࡣ
ûг嵽Ҷǳǰ͵˵ϣڻý֮г٣Ȼһâʧֱ̭ˡ
ѩҲ̭ˡ
Χ˲һգֻʣҶǳͰˡ
㻹ô츳ڻ磬Ҳ޷ĹâҲܵΧĶ־ϲ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цû츳ô㡣
ижҶǳӣЩһܼѰɡ
ս½ǸСطһ֪еѴ
ǺǣȥˣӽԺҲû˿ԽǷֿˡҶǳЦ˵
ͷӦš
ӵһǣѧԺ
һ·ϣҶǳԼЩľΣϲãһһ
һЩѣҲܸ
һżҲЩ
û뵽ѩȻҲˣлȥǳؿ
Ҳڰ룬Һûǡ

Ҷǳ뿪󣬲һ˴Ӻ󷽸
Щ˿ſյ򣬶ʱã
֮ǰкܶ˴ǰأ
Ȼһ˶ûˣô£
ѵ̭ˣ
εĿôѣ

ͬʱҶǳͰѾִѧԺˡ
ҶǳɣѧԺĿ飬Եࡣ
ԱߵİɫЩ԰ףҲͦ˹
Ϊһλļţʸͨˡ


1908 ν
ѧԺ
Ͽ˹ĵصȴţȻӵһϢǰѩϢʱɫһ䡣
ˣʵǿסѩѶϿ˹
Ͽ˹ûĻʵǿжǿ츳ѣѧԺǡ
߽츳ѧԺҲв١
ָİ˽츳ӡ
ֻ̭㣬ΪηҪ
Ͽ˹ѧԺİããһƬ·ӥʳʱһš
ڡҶǳˣǰû⣬Ͼڷ˽ת꣬йϲ˺
ڵϿ˹˽İ飬ǹ̰ˡ
ʮİ飬ôܱȵͰĸ飿
֮ǰϿ˹һ㲻ģΪðû߳״̬ʱ䳤˾ͺˡ
ڻ磬ȱıʱ䡣
һ겻УǾʮ꣬ٲУǾͰꡢǧꡢꡭ
֮Уս½ļʮ£ʵֵһᣬǵġ
Ͽ˹ȵ
ֻû뵽Ǹ˽ҶǳȻһ·׷ˣ׷ѧԺˡ
Ƕ
Ƕĸ飿
ʵ˵Ǿ˵ĻϿ˹Ҷǳ
Ͼӷһ磬еļΣǺġ
ϧԷҪ
˫עǵˡ
Ͽ˹˵ʲô
ʱԱߵ¥ֵϿ˹ЩԾЩؿ˹
Ͽ˹ʱعɫ侲ûϵҪ¡
¥ӾˣΪֵϿ˹ˣˡ
ʲô˵Ͽ˹
¥ЩȤؿԶĴ⣬ǿ֮еĳЩˡ
͵Ͽ˹ôֵ꣬ÿϿ˹Ա񣬻λһϷɿˡ

ѧԺĴ⡣
ҶǳǣŰ֣һǰѧԺΡѧƣһй֮дһ˿ɣ֪˶µϴ
ǰΡѧЩĵ˵Ͽ˹õѣҲϣǶһڻıܴ츳ǿϾûгɳ
Ҷǳ΢΢Цİɣ鷳ҲҪ鷳Ҳû취ˡıѧԺڣıûʲôôһʦ⡣
̾һֱǸ硭
Ǻǣ˭ǵ̫ˣ˭ϲҶǳһЦ
漴߽ѧԺ
ǽһɲǣһ˫˫İĿ⳯ǻ۶һЩ˵Ŀ⣬ǿѹ
ǰˣǵ콣ҶǳС
䣡
û˿ԥҶǳΪױʵ¶·µϢϯȫ
Ҷǳһ˫ӣһռ񽣣ĿɨΧ۾ۡ
񣡡
ǿϢ
ôôǿ

ΧһƬȻ֮г񲢲⣬Ƕߣܹܵǰǿ
йһЩʦЩȵؿ˹
ǰĵϿ˹¥ҲЩ;ȡ
ţӦ߽ף¥ǰҶǳЩ˵
Щˣ߽ţӦͷ˲ŶԣСǲðģ
ѵ֮ǰ츳
߽ף
һԣϿ˹ҲڴҶǳǿҶǳǣŰֺʱ
ѹеѧԺ߽츳ҲѧԺ첻ȥ
Ͽ˹ĿضҶǳ
Ͽ˹磡
ǰĵϿ˹Щӵؽе
Ͽ˹Ŀת΢΢Ц˰ѩأ̭𣿡
Աߵ¥ЩȵؿϿ˹ֿ˰ʱùŹ
Ǹ
ǣôһǣ֣
˼
¥Ÿ첲΢΢һԿϷ
ҽѾ̭ˡԵϿ˹˵漴ֶԵϿ˹ҶǳϿ˹磬ڷ˽ķҶǳ
Ͽ˹ҶǳĮ˵Ҷǳ˵Ǹ۹ãڷ˽綼ҵһ߽š
Ͽ˹ֻƳһҶǳ㲻ᣬǰİЦ˵ȻѧԺǾͼҵħŰɣһΪҵõʦõԴ
⡭ԱߵҶǳһۣϿ˹ҡͷһͨѧԱɡ
Ͽ˹ʱñתͷҶǳ˵ѧԺɲƽ
˵꣬Ͽ˹˵ͷ΢ЦȻԸ⣬Ǳˣ´ټ
˵꣬Ͽ˹תȥˡ
վҪӵģܿҶǳˣҪҪ


1909 ¥
Ͽ˹ˣ¥ûߣǰҶǳȤЦҶǳԸҵţǴˣӦѡ񡣡
ȻǵϿ˹ĳˣ¥ҪշϾ͵Ͽ˹ͷ
Ҷǳ¥һۣ˵ӡ̫ãҡҡͷ˵Ҳֻ뵱ͨѧԱκ
ǺǣѧԺͨѧԱɲףš
¥΢΢һЦ漴һתһ˵Ҹʱ俼ǣǺ˱ҡ
˵꣬¥ȥˡ
ʱһ񼶱ѧԱҶǳͰǰɫĮ˵λӭԱרŸģǸոսѧԺҪ༶ɡ
˵꣬ǰ·Ҷǳ־룬һҽӽҶǳӡ
Ϊ֮ǰɵӶˣϿ˹ҶǳͷԼҶǳ츳ǿҲû˸ӽ
ϾǵϿ˹ʵ츳ħţѧԺһǿ˭ҵ
߰ɣ
ҶǳҲ⣬ǣŰѧԱݡ
֮ǵִһǰ
·ѧԱ˵ѧԺǳӴֱգ޷УԺܶطдֻͨҪʾѧԱƱܴ͡
˵գѧԱóԼƣʱͿ˴
ҶǳͰҲվȥһâʧڴ˵ء
ҶǳٴγֵʱѾһûʵĹǰ·ѧԱָǰĹ˵ǽ̵֣ȻĹ༶
ҶǳͰ棬ǰĹ
ڣһͷдҶǳ˵ĿȤؿһҶǳ΢΢Ц߽츳þûϢˣúŬ
ڰûж࿴ֻ㽫ƶ˹
Ҷǳп˿ƣղһ·ѾˣܶطҪƲŻͬУûƵĻֱǴ粽С
ڰ༶䣬֮ѡҪķϵԶ༶֣ȻҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴Ͱһƣѡ˵ϵЩ츳ȻǼ뵤ϵҲһϵȻսǺǿǵλܸߣܶ˶ǡ
Ҷǳԭѡϵģ޺۳ѹϵϵǹħһλǿߣȻվڵϿ˹ߵģ˽ϵضܵѹ
ԣҶǳһѡ˻ϵһƫƧСϵ
֣ȻһۣЩؿҶǳѵϵСϵǵԴ٣ȷҪϵ
ȷҶǳ˵ͷԴپ٣ֻҪһʦûԴܱȴڽϵ˴ѹá
ȻˣǾ뿪ɣ֣Ȼ˰֣ʾȥΪѧԺһͷǷǳæġ
ҶǳҲҴţת뿪˹
·ѧԱ˵ǰ¥¥һһ˲㣬ÿһ㶼һλǿµĿ飬ֻҪͨˣܰݵλʦ
˵꣬Ҷǳٶȴȥ
úҶǳͰһƵľ¥ǰ
ҵѾˣԼѡ¥ܿɣסֻλᣬҲֻܰһλʦ·ѧԱ˵ʹҴȥˡ
ҶǳͰ߽˵¥ڡ
ԶϿ˹˫֣Ž¥ˡ
߹âһ¥ˣԶĵ¥Ц˵СӼ˻ϵܴ֪ڻϵûˣҪѹѡ
Ͽ˹Ƴ¥һۣüûܸҸʲô
Ҳ۰ò׿Աܿġ¥Ц
Ͽ˹ɫòҪ֣
ģСӼȻѾܾˣȻٲ֡һ߽ţҪԸҲѡ¥Ц
òģϿ˹һעԶĵ¥
¥ҲԶĵ¥Ц˵ʱӦðһλʦѡǹħжԵòˡЩ˵ʵǿǲֹĿ飬100ϡ
ǵĿУ¥ڵӰš
УߵʮʱͣˣҶǳǰ
ʮ㡭ʮ㡭ʮ㡭ʮ㡭ʮ㡭һٲ㡭
Ҷǳһ·ǰͣЪ
Զ¥״΢ȵЦ汻Ҳ¶ˣһٲ֮ϵĿ飬˿ԴһЩ˽Ŷδܹͨ
ߣѰˣϿ˹һЦҲҶǳͨһٲϵĿ顣


1910 ˫
¥һٲ㡣
ҶǳѾ˸Ժǿ߲õĿ飬Ѷȶܴûаͨ
ңЩҲʺϵʦ
Ҷǳֻüǰ
һʱҶǳڿ˻ӰµĿ飬һý硣
˵ֻҪͨýĿ飬ܼӰӶʦӰ
Ӱĵλܸߣ֮жھǿߣѧԺڸλиԺ
ңķһλǿ۷׼֮޵ߡ
ܹʦӰҶǳͲҪٵĵϿ˹ıˡ
ڻӰԿʵڲУһһʦ
Ҷǳ뵽
ӰĵһѡеĻǾֻһЩͨ۷ˡ
ĻİͺСˣҲԵֵϿ˹
ԣҶǳĿ껹ͨ飬ʦӰ
£ҶǳԥؽǰĻý֮Уʼܿ顣

Զ
Ͽ˹¥ҲҶǳͣ˵һ㣬ûټǰˡ
ڵ¥ǳϤǣȻ֪һĿ˭õġ
Ͽ˹üͷһ
Աߵ¥Ŀ¶һ˿⣬漴Ц˵иָȻ˻ӰлӰͱٶԸˣͻӰԷ֣׼⣬˭棿
ߣ
Ͽ˹һ֪Ӱһֱڳ۷磬ͽõĿѶȷǳΪֹû˿ͨĿˣҾͲСӿͨ
ٺ٣ǿɲ˵СӺôҲһλ߽ţһԲĻý磬˵ϻӰθأ¥Ц˵
Ͽ˹ʵҲЩģһҶǳɹأ
ҶǳʦˣһϿ˹а취ѹҶǳ
ҶǳʦӰǵϿ˹Ϊˡ
ΪӰʵǿ󣬶ķǿ󣬸οǻ޻һɢޣû˿ۡ
ǿɢޣûκǣϾŵĲ´Ьġ
ȻҪǣԷ޵ʵ̫̬ˡ
ֻҪ󷨣޵У׼ۣ˿Թơ
ӰԷÿһĄ^Ȼһ붯׼۳֣סӰĴ
̬֣ûۣĸɵ
Ͽ˹Զĵ¥ЩˣҶǳܳɹͨˡ

¥һ㣬ý֮С
Ҷǳý֮󣬶ʱΧĻЩϤѾõļ仺򿪡
үѰһŮҶǳԽս½ĵһ
ŮСҡ
Ҷǳ۾ĻԽӡԶСҩһ
һж·ͷ
ҶǳоԼһ춯صΪʧˣؿۣ֪Լߵսµʹ
ҵΪأ
ҲڻܻӰĿףӰ˭

ҶǳͻȻסԴо۵һЩ𽥱ģֱʧ
һҶǳŻعһƬհס
ô£ҷ·ʲô
ѵҴԽˣ
Ҷǳܣ͵ȫһһС˵֪ԼѾԽˡ
ֻеңƾɵӾ֪ˡ
ԺвһЩ䣬츳ǿȴڵսǣӴ˱˷޸֮
׵ĿְҶǳЦһЩ֣Ϊһĸо·ǰһжϤ˵һ
Ҷǳ֪ļ䣬ȻýѹˣǼ䲻ʧ

ѧԺһ֮ͤУһӣһŮӺȲ졣
Աߵ֮У¶Ҷǳڻý֮еĻ档
ӿ˻еҶǳһۣǰŮЦ޶츳Ҳǿ󣬲Ļý綼޷ѹļ䣬һ߻õġ
Ůӿеһӵ鼮һ裬Ƴ˻еҶǳһۣ˵츳ǲҲæų۷磬Ϳˡ
ʣһһŮǲͻӰ
ҶǳýʱǾ͵һʱӦˣӰѹҶǳļ䡣
ϾҶǳǿӰõĻý綼޷ѹļ䣬ֻܿӰԼˡ
ôĿģǲҶǳͨ飬ͽʱ䡣
Ҳô꣬Ϊʲôûܹͨԭ
ӰѹͲͽܡ
츳жǿֱӶ֣㻹ôͨ飿


1911 
˻ӰĻһĿЦ̾ҲոͽˣһҪ´еġңʱ̵ͽܣҲЩջ񡣡
Ӱ۾ûƿе鼮˵յǼͽܣڶûһ磬һȺкã˵ȥˡ
һ飬ЩΪװǼͽܺôҲǻһ۷񡣡
֮£ΪϣռԴǿӰм
ε̾˿漴Ա߻еҶǳЩ֮ͬɫСҲһ¾أעһˣѹͽܡ
ˣҲģԾһߺȲ裬һ߹עŻеҶǳ

ýУҶǳѾһм䣬ֻǵԼӵԽģźģʼ硣
ȾҪּĸΣƾŴѧԺõ̫Լʶë
ҶǳԭеĹ켣һ·оյغɨһеˣս½磬ٵ½ʼ֮á
ֻǺԭȵĹ켣ҲһЩ֮ͬ
˵һҶǳȻҲȡһЩ𣬵ȴûںϳ
нҶǳβû̫漰ߵǻõ
Ҷǳս½ʱͿʼ漰õŻٵý磬һ·ɨˣ档
·֮ҶǳҲǿŻý粻ϵػܵˣһ·ѧԺ

ý֮УѧԺ¥ʮ㡣
Ҷǳ޺۳ϵʾѡ˵һ㣬ý֮УܻӰĿ顣
ȵҶǳ֮ٴеļ䣬ص˴Խǰһ̣¿ʼ
һѭһѭ
Ҷǳõسڻý֮С

ѧԺ
Ҷǳڻý¿ʼɵתͷӰЩȵ˵СӾȻǴӷ˽һģѹ־ǿ߽츳ʵϿȰ˽츳л
ԻӰõĻýЩ˽⣬˵ý֮ģҶǳȫģҲаٷ֮߰ʮġ
Ҳ˵ٿԿ϶ҶǳǴӷһġ
Ҷǳ߽ţǴӷһ߽ţڻҲǳټָ
ţǱԱȵһЩ˽ˣųΪǱ
ߣ޺ǸС£Ӱ˻еҶǳһۣߵ
ҶǳġһҲ֪޺۳ָҶǳʦˡ
޺ҲǺģĻӰЦ˽츳ҲҪСӰɣ
ӰߵûеϿ˹һȰ˽׵Ҿ˳ˣȻ˵Ͽ˹ǾûҪˡ
һ㶣漴ɻµϿ˹ʲôȻǿ󣬵ҷ޶֣ǡ
ӰҡͷҲǣֻûҪΪһ˽žǣ㡣ǾŽţĿǰǳ۷Ҫ
̾˿Ӱ˵׻ͽܣҲ֪Ӱ۷ܾˣ뵢ʱ䡣
֪ԼӺҪǿһֱҪ۷硣
ϧСӶһûж츳ҪȻҾˡתͷеҶǳһź˵
ʱҶǳڻý֮г١
ղԻӰ˽⣬Ҷǳýֻأͻᱻý߳ȥҲǿʧܡ
ʱҶǳѾ˵ڶֻأٶȿµˡ
ڴʱýз䡣

ý֮С
Ҷǳһʧȥеļ䣬һΣΧĻ󣬸оӵϤˡ
үúҩˣС˹һϧؿҶǳ
ҶǳǰϤСң԰׵ϣͻȻ¶һĨ΢ЦлӰǰٴξܹյ˺ѣǲսĻζվֻǻ䣬һҪǰߣܾͣͲǰ
Сһ㶣ǰҶǳ̽̽ҶǳĶͷһֵհ
ҶǳСң΢΢ЦӰǰʵڵһֻصʱҾѾˡ֪ܲĲǻõǽԣҵһֻУһѽʱҾѾеļ䡣

ѧԺ
۾һУЩȵؿĻӰ
ӰҲڷе鼮Щ˼ؿеҶǳ

ý֮С
СɫڱˣȻûиı䣬ȴˣһ߸ϵĻ֮гϡ
ʲôܹҵĻý磿
䣡
ҶǳȻϬһǿռϱ
ʱΧĻ֧顣
ҶǳҲ߳˻ý磬˻ӰͲǰ


1912 ͽ
Ҷǳݼλǰ
ҶǳǰİˣæܹµõǰˣǲͻӰԷޡ
ҲڴҶǳЦ˵СӵĽȻǴ˵еռĽʷϳһλۣ̫۵ĺѡ
ߣ
ԱߴӰߣؿҶǳȻ߽ģΪҪΪʦɲ̽
Ҷǳ֮ǰѾӰ֪λӰǳһֱҪԽԼķԶƢҲ˽һЩ
£Ҷǳԥ˵ҵĽҪ̵ǰΪʦҪǰָҵĻõ
ԱߵĲЦСӵĽǿռҲȷҪָˡ
˵꣬ԱߵĻӰЩϷŰ˵οˣ˵Ҫ㻰ĻҪΪͽ
Ӱ˲һۣ漴ǰҶǳ˵˵㻰ȻͨҵĿ飬ҾΪͽ㲻ʮԪڽҾͻʦš
ǣʦ𣡡Ҷǳæ¹ʦ
ԱߵĲʱЦӰ˵ϲյһλͽ
Ҫ죡Ӱ˲һۣ漴һָҶǳüģһŽӰĹ
Źǻõ߾ѧһɹֳܷӵбսĻӰ
ʵԽǿԽࡣ
ӰķɱĴڡ
Ψ׼ۣ֮ܽӰɱ
Ļ۷ҲɱӰ
Ҷǳ˵һı޺۳Ŀռ䱾Դˡ
Ͼռ䱾Դ̫ˣҪ۷񾳽
šӰɲһҶǳھͿȻ࣬еô
лʦ𣡡
Ҷǳ΢һ¡ӰٶȰлӰ
ӰǰҶǳ˵ҪһģȻ߽ģôıҲҲ˳֣пٸҰѽɡ
ʵѹûͽ׼Ͼͽģֻû뵽ҶǳƾռĻòͽܡ
ҶǳЦЦҲ⣬ֻҪܰʦͺã˿ɽͲõĵϿ˹ˡ
ҶСӣʦţʦĿɲţС͸㣬ǼˡʱԱߵĲӸҶǳһ״ʯ̡
Ҷǳϸϸһ£һ̡
Ц˵һ̣ԺΣյʱɱһ
лʦҶǳæл֪λʦһλǿ۷һʦԶԷƵ̣϶ס
Ҷǳƣˣ޷ƿ
˵ȷֽ׶һֶˡ
ߣվ
ԱߵĻӰݺݵ˲һۣ漴ҶǳֻǸֻҪˡӰԷǧǧ磬ﲻȥʱ˭ɱ㣿
ʦѵǣҶǳæͷ
ԱߵĲһЦҶǳʼ硣
ҶǳٺһЦ漴Ӱʦ£Ӿȸˡ
ţȥɣȹʱһȥ㡣Ӱ˰֣ʾҶǳ뿪ҲЩơ
ûҪͽģǼȻͽܣȻý̵ô̵ڻûͷúúÿ¡
Ҷǳ˻֣Ҷǳȥ
Ҷǳص¥ʱԺȴ˲ҶСӣѧԺұ֤Ͽ˹Ӱ쵽㡣
Ҷǳһϲæллʦ
ʦЩ䣬ʦǲġ
˿ɽˣһǳǿĿɽ

¥治Զ
Ͽ˹¥ڸӦҶǳʧʱ򣬶Щסˣ׷վŵ¥ĵһ㡣
ǵ⣬ҶǳʱӦѾȥܿˣܹͨ飬һͻᷢ⣬Ӱͽˡ
ʱ˶ŵһ㡣
Ǽܳɹôû˿ԳɹϿ˹˵
¥Цˣܻ漣ģ˵ãһ
һ£ĵ¥ʱš
Ͽ˹¥һ㶣׷ĿȥǴŽĵطǵһ㡣
˶ʱסˡ
ɹˡ¥Щŵ˵
Ͽ˹ɫʱҶǳȻͨӰĿˣ˵һǳϢ
ӰԷ޵ʵжǿΪħӵϵӵܣȻǷǳġ
ΪѧԺʱǹħĸ߲˵ˣһҪԷ޸ùϵ
ϧԷƢ죬ѹ˽š
ڣҶǳȻʦӰˣõϿ˹Щ޷ܡ
˽ţѵȲҶǳǸС


1913 ʦ
Ͽ˹鷳ˣ¥֮󣬱תͷԱɫĵϿ˹ʱֻЦ
Ͽ˹ߵվֻ߽츳ݵʦҲ볬Խҡ
ҲκβвͻӰɽѧԺڣֻҪ£ɺ޼ɡ¥п
Էʵ̫ˣֻҪǲ£ôҪӡ
ߣȥսϿ˹һתȥ
ѧԺ޷ҶǳˣЩѧԱȥսĥ£Σأļʡ

ħ¥ܲ
޺۳ϺȻ͵ѿһֻ޴ƳΧʱնˡ
λǰ
֪кεط
޺۳ɫ΢΢һ䣬ڿռϵĳɾͣ˿̶оΧʱձˣ޷ѡ
ӵʵΨõһһ
޺۳Ҳûк£˵صֻһ߷㱻ɱӰҲ󣬱Ͼû֪ıʲôط
ֻĪر˹˻һλ޺۳Щ֡
£
޴û˿ͣһƾͰ޺۳ɱˡ
Զʦ˹ʱȻ
Ǿ޴û޺۳֮󣬱ƿռȥˡ

һռѿ޺۳̤ա
޺۳ϵһ߷
ʦæ˹Сϣʲôˣ
һƬ޺۳ϵǿʵȻֻɱⱳĵ˸жǿ
޺۳Ҳڳ˼漴˼ϢʱȻ
ʦ״ɵʵϿ֪˵˵ݣ
޺۳ҡͷЦǵˣǻӰһ߷ʾ档
ӰʦЩĪ
޺۳ЦŽ͵ָҶǳȥݻӰΪʦСҲûʧͨ˻ӰĿˡ
ȻˣӰΪιʦɻ
޺۳ϹЦ²֪Ӱڼų۷磬ѹͽܡϧû뵽ҶǳЩ⣬ȻͨĿ顣
ʳԶʣֻҶǳͽܣ㷢йˡ
޺۳Ц˵ûһ߿ռѣȥ
෴ҶǳȻİʦɹˣеο
ҶǳȻİʦӰˣ̫˼ˣôδһ˳ɹû뵽СӾȻͨ˻ӰĿ顣ʦԣ־ϲ
ʦô꣬ҶǳеţȻҲеɡ
ٺ٣лӰָ㣬ټϲİСǰ;˵ᳬԽҡ޺۳΢΢ЦҶǳܸߡ

ѧԺ
Ҷǳ¥֮󣬰Ҳͨ˿飬һλɢʦԷȻֻͨĻ񣬵ڵĳɾͷǳߣҲʺϰ
Ҷ磬ʦ˵ȻңҪһҶǳ˵
ҶǳЦ˵ʦֵҲҡ
ɻӰ֮⣬ͽ𣿡
ǺǣǲͽܣȻҲҵʦ֡Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ
ȻҲ֪ͻӰһԷޣϾԷ޵̫ˡ
˵䣬ԶӰ̤նֱһһŮˡ
ǸŮӣʱ˵Ҷ磬Ǿҵʦɽһλɢʦ˵츳ܸߣֻǲԸһЩû㹻Դĳɾͻߡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷ漴ЦԱλӦþҵĴʦˣǲʦ´Ӽǣһλ˲ʦΪҲﵽ˻۷徳硣
ʱԶѾ̤ն
ǿǰҶǳЦ˵СʦܣܹݵʦΪʦǿϲɺءҽмǣʦ´ӣԺͽҴʦְɣһˡ
ҶǳЦʦ֣
漴ԱߵİֿԱߵɽٺЦСĺԵְʦܵӾȻͽܣԺҲһˡ
Աߵɽɫ䣬кأͻȻǵĻɵߵǺԵձ㣬ʦ𣬶Ҷǳʦ֣ұһ֡
ԶʱһЦá
ҶǳͰ͵ЦǸом顣
߰ɣɽûἧǣ̤ȥͷҶǳ˻֡
ҶǳҲЦŻ֣⣬ѧԺˣеʱۡ
һԵļǿŮıӰ׼ȷ˵ǿɽıӰЩԡ
ҶǳٺЦʦĪϲ࡭ʦ壿
죬ʦ壬ʦܣʦˡеŭ
ҶǳԿЦǳʦˣ
ˣǸ۸ģڵʱʦ壬ûʱʦ㡣˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷ


1914 
ѧԺһ㶼ᣬ°ݵΪʦͲҪסᣬԺ͸סһ𣬷ʦʦ嶼һˣֱ˴ˡЦ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷǷɶ˴˰
żǣҶǳһɽϣǳӴһɽ壬ΧŻ磬·ǿ֮С
ཨռǵķԸҶǳѡһˡ
СʦܰǽɽƣǰźҶǳ󣬶һơ
Ҷǳ˵ͷƣɽ壬ȻǿػʱѾӦˡ
Ͼʦһʦ
ӱ𼧿ǣҶǳ˼ӣ㿪ʼӰŹ
ϸһŹ硶澭Ҳǳ¡
ԻӰһ֪ķֱֳ̣ҶǳһµŻ
ԭýҲôã
ҶǳԽջԽеĹ۵㣬ֱ߸ǰ˼·
ǰҶǳ׷ǿԼĻý磬ԼĻý磬ԼĻýԽԽǿߵǡۡ
ӰһšӰ֮оǡ΢ۡǽýиɢ
ѻýɳӣҶǳǰɳӣһһɳĮ
ӰȻҲɳӣûнɳһ𣬷ɢһɳӷ޾
ӵԣɳȻǿһЩǷɢɳ࣬Ҳơ

Ҷǳһһ꣬
ýܹѹƵˣǻ֪飬ԣõߣ·ߣǿԼĻý磬ÿ˸ʵ
ǣýҲмޣ޻ʺ󣬻ýѾﵽˡ
ʱ򣬻Ӱ߳һ·Ǿиý磬ۻӰ
Ȼ˵һ·ʵһġ
ӰѾʩչý磬ɿѹƵˣҲܹɢý磬γһӰ
ɢĻý磬Ȼʧȥ˻ýȴΧˣ̽գǳ
ҶǳĻýѾ˼ޣ˿̲ˡӰԥҲʼۻӰ
ýʱãˣɿʹûýˡ
ûΣգǾûӰڻ
ʵϣӰıѹͲóȥûӰ̽գҲֻһýָܻܿ
޺۳ռ䱾ԴǿߣҲôġ
˵һУȫڲ֮أΨ׼ϵǿ߲ܽɱ
Ϊ׼Ѿ漰ֻǷ׷ݱԴֱӹɱı塣
ѧԺ׼ԻӰɱܵΣա
ৣ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶꣬ҶǳǰȻһӰһģһĻӰ
ţֻӵһʵ
ҶǳǰĻӰ֪һʱüͷ
֪ʦӰֳĻӰűʵȴֻһɣ
ѵΪʵ̫ˣ
Ҷǳɻ
˵Ϊ̫ˣϾýǿҲйء
˼һҶǳͲˣʦˣԺֱѯʻӰͺˣʦĺôⲻҪԼӣֱʦͿˣȫߺܶ·
ҶǳӰʼֳĻӰ

ͬʱͻӰҲգ͵Ҷǳ
Ҷǳ۳һ߻Ӱ󣬲Щ𾪵صɴ۾ôһ߻ӰСڻõ츳Ȼôߣ㵱ˡ
Ǻ츳Ӱһ˿ʣ֮ǰе㲻ҶǳͽܣϾͲͽҶǳ޾Ȼǽǻõ͸Ӳϲˡ
ڿҶǳ츳ôߣӰҲȻˣúͽܣԶԷ츳δ϶Լ˵ġ
Ӱصһ£˵¾ͶһλˡЦ
Ӱ΢΢һ̣ȻϲͽܣԼͽܹ˵ȥҲӡ
𣬳Ϊ׷۾⣬ںıˡ
˭ĵӸǿһЩ֮Уɾ͸ˡ
ף۵ĻӰƺֻһʵעҶǳȻ˵
ӰƳһۣѾܲˣԭƲ⣬۵ĻӰܹٷ֮һͲˡе㳬ҵԤϣȻǳǿԲķбʮ֮һʵ
ԭˣȻ漴ЦҲӷһĶ࣬Ҳǿ󡣡
ԣнĿռ䣬׼ǰħأӰ˵
ɫһ漴֣صħΣأ۷ȥΣգھȥǲ̫ˣ


1915 ħ
磡
Ӱ˵һ۳һӰȥлӰħأǾù
һʽҲ̫Ұ˰ɣеϾħǵطһǸģʲôʱȥ
οҶǳڲڣ츳ǿҲ޷
Ӱᶨ񣬲Ҳ֪޷˵Է
£Ц֪ˣһԺҪһħص
ħֵطҲô׾ܽȥģֱضһЩǿ¢ϣΨ۷弶ǿߣʸϷһ
ӰûʸֻвС
˵ӰΪҶǳҲó˺ܴĴۣϾҲͲķҪɱ۷ɲ㡣
Σ棬ҸܹɹΣգܿ𣡡Ӱ漴۾
ýͽܣ˺ܾãֱҶǳȥħأҶǳԼɳָһҶǳġӰˡ
һԿֱҡͷҶǳС˻ӰҲ֪Ǻ˻ǲá
۽ͽܵľ飬Ӱ㣬Ͼѹûչͽܡ
ӰܹҶǳģΨйͻ硶Ӱħء
ȻҶǳ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ

һɽϣԱߵҶǳ׼ҩġ
Ҷ磬㲻𣿡ԱߵҶǳɵЦʵ
ҶǳҡͷҸ۳ĻӰԺר㣬ұ
ȻҲӰ񻰣ֻû뵽Ҷǳôš
ţ
ȻҶǳüͷ

ͬʱҶǳҲ۾ǰһϤӰǻӰͲ
ҶǳҲΧĻˣԼŲƵʦˡ
ò˵λֶ̫ˣϢͽŲˣӦ
ʦʦҶǳæһ
ЦŰڰ֣Ӱ˵ôһ߻ӰҲ츳ˡ
ԱߵĲһ飬룬츳ѷɫˣôͽв
ðɣҲ֪ӰǵҶǳԲûйҶǳ
ֻӰ˵ǲǷĻӰֻ㱾һʵ
Ҷǳ۾һæ˵ʦ棬Ϊɻء
ʲôɻġӰҶǳ˵̫ˣʵȻ£ҪʵΨ
ҶǳüͷҪ֪֮ͬӦǺǿˣȻУǻҪ
ɲ
ħһأħأкܶħֻҪɱǣ
ӰҶǳ˵ȻΣҲΣգп䣬Ըȥ
һԵĲҲѵ۷п䣬ڽȥЩǿ
ҶǳԳ˼Ƭ̣ȴڹͨƣħصϢ
鲻ʲôõϢ
ƺҶǳľٶЦ˵㲻òˣħֻ۷һ⴦رλ׼ռݣ֪
Ҷǳ𺳡
۷ʸ񣬱λ׼ռݣ
ǰ׳գһӾףһأҲôҪˡ
ȻΣǿ϶еģȥĻ̫ϧˡ
Ͼ۷һֺܲҪ
£Ҷǳԥ˵ʦԸȥħء
ãӰ״ɵ¶ЦݣȻҶǳ¸ң⡣
ԱߵĲ̾ȻѡģǾ͸߰ɡ
˵գʹҶǳƿȥ
ߣͬ׷Ǹ£գۼ䣬Խɽӡ
ҶǳعǱѾһɫԲǰһִѪܣϣ֪ͨ
ҶǳشǰֳܿȥɫЩŹֵʵʦħôоеĳڣ
ǺЦⱾһڣħۣǰ̫նɱҲ˰ʬ壬˵ħأħ۵ࡣ
˵գָǰľ޴
Ҷǳޱ𺳣ǾȻħ۵ڣһ۰
ȥɣһСģûҶǳǵʱ䣬ץ㶪ǰ֮С
ǰƺо͵ſһѷ죬Ҷǳ˽ȥ
ȵҶǳ۾ʱһֻ޴Ѫɫޱ㳯ɱǿϢѹЩ
񣡡
ҶǳͫһæֳһӰ˷ߣҲС
û뵽һħأһֻ񼶱ħڿԿģֻѡܡ


1916 
Ҷǳû뵽һħһǻ񼶱ǿߣҲѡܣϾʵǿֽ׶Ҳ޷
ҶǳһͷųӰͷܣһ߷ųͷħٶȡ
ˣҶǳҲħɱ˼ٸɴ˿ɼжôǿ
Ҫ֪ҶǳȻֻڣƾǿ츳ȫ۷ǿһս
ɼˣҲԶԶлӰӵõ
ʦʦ˵û̫Σˡ
Ҷǳ֮󣬶ʱСϢͬʱɳӰΧ̽ȥ
Сģãһڵħǻڣڵģˡ
лӰ԰Ҷǳ̽·ǿħǰԤ
ϾÿһӰҶǳܹʱͨ
֪ĳĻӰ֮Ҷǳ֪ʵǿԲ
ͨӰҶǳܿһЩǿħרѡɱһЩ񼶱ħ
ŻýͻҶǳֻҪ۷弶ħ϶Ǻɨ
ɱһͷħ֮ҶǳҲ֪˴˵صĺô
Ϊɱħ֮͸оԼǿֱ࣬ס
ӦþǻӰĿġ
ȷһء
ңӰ֪ǣҶǳռɱ˵Ĵ
ҶǳɱħʱǿռҲǿ
ԣҶǳΪ˫˫ǿ
Ҷǳеޱ˷ܡ
ȥҪ˶ãҶڴ˵ؽˡҶǳ˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ҪΪѶѾ˺ܶࡣ
ϾҶǳҪΪǾֻɱɱ̫ûʲôˡ
ǣڻ綼ǿߣڻңɱһУɱˣԻע⡣
ħսҲ޼ɵɱ񣬱ϾԻע⡣
ħǿɲɵҶǳɱɳһˣǾԻǲַҶǳ
ȴһħȻҲǻۣǱͻ˴ɱǿһɢɳ±Ҷǳնɱٶ࣬Ҳ߼ħע⡣
Դ˴ֱҶǳıء

ѧԺ
ѧԺһ飬ΪϿ˹ˣһ䶯
ΪϿ˹İ˽ţһ˻񾳽磬ֻǻڣڡ
һǿߣ·ڻ磬ҲԳưһ
οϿ˹ıǿ󣬶ǱޣȻð˷ء
Ͽ˹ôͻƻˣЩ⡣
ѧԺڣ¥˵Ͽ˹Ц˵
Ͽ˹Ƴһ¥˵ʱͻƣõô𣿡
¥΢΢һЦȷ͵Ͽ˹۷ѹƺܾˣǵ츳ȷͿͻƻˣֻǰΪ˻۵̰ˡ
ϾǵĿ겻ǻ񣬶Ǹߵ硣
̻۵ԽǿԺļʲŻ
ΪҶǳСӰɣ¥Ͽ˹Ц
Ͽ˹ߵվֻһҲһεģҽ֮δܹ̤񾳽硣
¥Ʋǵ׷㣬Բôɡ
ûϻϿ˹תȥ¥ȷˣֻǲһ롣
ΪϿ˹ҪһȥսͿȴûȵҶǳսһҶǳ
ѧԺڣлӰͲշϿ˹ѾûնԸҶǳˡ
ȻˣǾֻѡսˡ

ѧԺ
Ӱڿ飬ֻЩ
ĲƳһۣ΢΢ЦڵСӣ
ûУ˾ˣұͽܡӰЩӲ˵
һЦ漴̾һУ׼Ҳ̽鲻еһֻԼˡҸ̣һӦû⡣ңлӰ̽·ֻҪСĵ㣬ӦÿԻ
Ӱһһ˿ǡ
˵ҲˣͰΪţȥԪҸպûʣһ
㲻׼Сӳõ𣿡Ӱüͷ
ЦСӻԶһЩ̣Ժٳɡ
ò˵Ϊ۷ӵеԴǺܷġ
ҲҪʦԭ
ֻҶǳעҪˣΪһħأѾڷˡ
µȵҶǳ󣬲ͻӰһ


1917 ջ
ħأɱ¾֮ҶǳΪѾԲ磬ֻɱһ񼶱ħ񾳽ˡ
ʱˣ
Ҷǳüͷ
ħѾоǧʱˣչأֻħشһꡣ
һʱ䵽ˣͻᱻԶͳȥ
ҶǳڷѰ񼶱ħټֻһڵģϾڵģҲûսնɱ
ֻǻ񼶱ڵħħҲ࣬ǳҡ
ħرһ࣬ĿռǳӴҶǳ˾ǧ꣬ʵҲֻħصһѡ
ӴħأҶǳڿ̽ģٶȸ޷֧Խħء
գҶǳѰ˼꣬Ҳڵħ
սʱһֻڵħ˼ȴҲ
Ҷǳҡͷһ̾һâŴͳȥˡ
Ȼûڴ˵ؽ񣬵ҶǳźϾջѾǳˡ
˵ΪﵽԲ磬Ҳõ˾޴
ҶǳֳȥĻӰѾӵбɵսˡ
ңҶǳѾԷֳһӰˡ
ȻɲӰ
ϾӰʵӽ۷ˣ£ѾӰ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
Ҷǳܹô۳ӰѾ˲ˡ
СӣףΪ
ͻȻһ𾪵
Ҷǳ뿪ħ֮󣬶ʱͿ˲ԶĲ
Ӱһ˲ҶǳǰǰҶǳ𾪵ŶãСӾȻѾﵽԲ硣
к𺳣Źȥһ갡ڻ磬һֵһᣬǳݡ
ҶǳȻһӴڿԽԲٶδҲ̫˰ɡ
ʦħ̷һСˮΣΪһԾԲ硣ҶǳӦļƲߣЦ˵
СˮΣԳ˼漴۾һϲѵħľѪȻȥôã϶أҲ㹻Ϊˡ
Ҳûж룬ϾħرһأҶǳܹҲ
ֻ˵Ҷǳ̫ˡ
ħ۵ľѪҶǳһ㶣漴ЦǰɣˣΪҲˣҸоҾ񶼿ˡ
ЩСӵʵ̫ˣϿ˹ŸոսԭΪҪܾò׷û뵽㾹ȻϾ׷ϵϿ˹ˡ
ŶϿ˹Ѿ񾳽𣿡Ҷǳ֪Ϣ󣬲ɵ΢΢һ̡
ѾﵽԲ磬ֻҪɱһڵǿߣϽ񾳽硣
Ͽ˹Ҳܹ׷ϵϿ˹
߰ɣȻȥʦżˡ
˵գҶǳƿȥ
Ҷǳæ˵ʦܲҰ飿
ŶСʲô飿΢΢Ц˵ʦ˭
ҶǳٺЦպħ磬ܲʦץͷŵĻ񼶱ħֻҪڵġ
Լڵʵɱһͷڵħǲڻµġ
Ȼвֱ˼ҳ֣׾١
Ҷǳɲ鷳ħһˡ
ڵħЩɻ󣬵Ҳûж룬ЦҵʲôأСһ׮
䣬ֳ̽ȥܿץһͷ;޴ħ
˭ȻԴСħʱͫ
Ĵ֪ħҲ쵱
ϾҲɨսնɱǿħ
⣡
øһ񼶱ħϻֱӳֽӡ㶪Ҷǳ
ҶǳһЦͷ񼶱ħȻпɽˬɱƵġ
Сӻȥúȡͻƻ񾳽磡
ûһͷ񼶱ħִ˵ͨĻҲֻϣȻһֻϵ
οħǾ͸Ӳںˡ
ΪħЩǿȦĥ»Щǡ
ֻ۷ħ֣Żòӡ
һ㲻۷Ϊ׼ۺ۷ǲǿħڣһ֣̽նɱ
ϾȦħȦԲܷǱǿӶв硣
ǻˣ
ЦһҶǳѾѧԺ
ѿĻӰͤп飬̧ͷ˹Ҷǳһ˿ο
ʦ𣡡Ҷǳæǰ
ȻȥȹΪɣӰ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷתȥ
ȵҶǳӰʧ֮󣬻Ӱɫһ䣬һ𾪵ؿ򲻰ʵСô£ôȥһħأΪǿôࣿ
ղΪ˱ʦϣǿ򶨵ġ
ʵϣҶǳΪô࣬Ѿκˡ


1918 ʦ

ǰһ𾪵ĻӰЦһ漴˵СˣȻħеõһħ۵ľѪȻǵξѪѾ˺ܶҲΪ˺ܶࡣ
ԭˣӰԻȻħ۾ѪȷܹΪ
ϾǶô
ֱǵ
ֻ˵Ҷǳ̫ˡ
СӵǺˣҲãȻΪˣǾͲٰ͵ԪȥˣϾѾ˺ܶ꣬ȥɡӰ˵
һЦͽܲҪӸͽܣҲ̫ƫˡ
ߣǼͽͽܵ츳Ҫ˶ãҶǳܳԽǼͽˡӰһ⡣
ҶǳˣȻܸˡ
һΣҶǳ츳ȷܿ£Ҳ죬磬ȻҲһ˵ʵԼˣûдǲܳΪġ

ҶǳʱѾصԼסĵطչˣǼӰ
ȻڿԷֳӰֵһᣬֻзֳһڸСгɾ͡
ΪҶǳʱϾ̫죬Ҳ̫עˡ
ͷӡĻ񼶱ħ֣ʱضܽ񾳽硣
ȻڱչصʱҶǳǲһ߻ӰǳأΪڰбëˡ
ǰûˣӵаɸǳأܱ֤ëһʧ
ϾǳСط̫ȥ
Ҷǳһ߻ӰѾɵʵԲֻҪ㹻סǳˡ

ʱһǧȥˡ
ҶǳġӰͻˣ۳һڸ
ͬʱҶǳҲնɱͷħԼռٶȽ̤˻񾳽硣
ǿ
Ҷǳ
ʱ˿̣ӵıǮ
ڵŻͻý磬ԿԽڵǿߡ
۷ǿߣҶǳҲаԱ
زҶǳѾڻưһˣֻҪЩС
οҶǳӵӰֻҪѧԺڣҲɱ
ҶǳҪռıͱóȥ
ϾȻɱˣȴ޷ɵ˵Ĵ
Ψı𣬲ɵ˵Ĵ
ҶǳҪΪñȥС
䣡
Ҷǳոͻƻ񲻾ãٶת˻ӰͲǰ
ǰλǰҶǳЩԼʦһԲϾͰԼˡ
ҲҶǳټˡ
Ϊʱɺ޻֮
ʵıǿҶǳԽܵǰλĿֲ
Ӱһɽһɢ˵ѹ
һ޵׶ɲ⣬жǿ
˵ҶǳڿԳưһôǰλǻľͷ
ôͻƵ˻񾳽磬츳һЩ˽츳㣡ҲڴҶǳһ֮ɫ
ԱߵĻӰҲһ˿⣬ɫɺ䣬ؿҶǳ˵Ȼ˻񾳽磬ôѧԺĹأҪǰսĥ¡ʲôʱնɱʮͷ񼶱ħܻعѧԺʱѡѧԺʦҲѡ¥ϡ
ҶǳʵҲЩ³̣뷨ѯʵʦսǷԣ
ɱʮͷ񼶱ħɲΪҪɱĻ񼶱ħ
Ͼһص˻ڣҪɱԼѶ̫ˡ
Ͼÿһ񶼴һӴҶǳɱġ
οҶǳҲɱ޹ˡ
ɱħҶǳûˣս
Ȼԣ
ӰҶǳѯʣѵ¶һ˿ЦݣЦ˵ܶ˶ϲսϾ̫Σˣɱ¾ħħʵǷǳҪ顣ԣԸսñá
ǺҶǳѡսΣգ¸ң⡣
ԱߵĲҲЦ˵ȥսҪǣɱʮͷ񼶱ħͿжˡ
ˣҶǳ˵ͷҪնɱʮͷɲ뱻桯
жҶǳҪġ
£Ҷǳ𲻰ͻӰǰս
ǰӰһѽһ˵ǻӰնɱһλħģǳǿ


1919 ս
ĽȻֲ
Ҷǳһ߸·һӰ͸ɵϲɫ
ѽʵ̫ǿˣ̺ķеļ¡
˴˽ҵʵܹܸ۷Ļ濹ˡҶǳ뵽
ڻڵʵȻڣаտ۷Ļˡ
ɴ˿ɼѽжôֲ
ȻҲҶǳռԭ򣬱ϾռǿĽܹӳ
ֻҪԱ㹻ˣ
Ҷǳ˿ʮ㡣
ڵʵսҲ޾ˡ
Ͼħ׳Ϊ࣬ǿ
ʵϣǾͳԵġ
ʵϣ̫֮ħ磬ĥ»ߡ
Щ꣬ǿȻһֱħʵȴ塣
ϾһУû߱ø衣
ңûħڣΪԴ»ụɱ
ȻҲлɱģٻһЩ
ò˵̫Զ

սӪ
Ͽ˹ѾյҶǳսϢɫ΢΢һ䣺ôͽ˻񾳽磿
ʵ˵Ҷǳĳɳٶʵ̫ˡ
Ҷǳ̬ȣҲı䣬һʼĲмӣٵ˿̣Ͽ˹Ѿеһ˿ɵˡ
սǻӰͻסˡ
Ͽ˹Цһ
ѧԺڣ޷ԸҶǳսͲһˡ
ͻӰϾǶߣҳѧԺȻʵǿ󣬵ϵȴ١
෴Ͽ˹Ĺħ壬ǾһȻսĹϵӲˡ
һҶǳսϿ˹ܽЩϵǲҶǳȥһЩΣա
£Ͽ˹ǰħھӪеһλ

ûãҶǳѾִսǰһľӪ
һλǰҶǳݸһƣ˵ƻ¼ɱħȼûɱʮͷ񼶱ħ֮ǰӾһΥʦӰҲס㡣
λĿܲãҶǳ۾΢΢һУӦǣ
ûѡλײлӰڣԷҲҹԸ
һϿ˹йϵɣҶǳ뵽
ȻӪôԵϿ˹϶Ѿ֪˵ѾڰıôԸˡ
Ҷǳֻܰ衣
ǰҶǳɫĮ˵ھӪҪжܸΪսѧԺţҸ㰲ŵһǿĶ飬սӣھ͹ȥɣǵĶӳԨǵλá
Ҷǳͷеƣ漴̽УʱӦһЩϢ
Ҷǳ
ȼڡ
飺սӡ
ս0
֮⣬ҶǳͨƣӦĸ˵λãǵͼʾĸɫĹ㡣
ĸɫĹ㣬;ԶҲھӪڡ
ҶǳҲ֪ھӪڣΪѣǿ֪˴˵λõġ
ǰȸˡҶǳ漴̧ͷ˵
ǰ˰֣ͷ飬Ҷǳˡ
Ҷǳתȥյͼʾɫ㣬սȥ
սӣҵİɣ˵ҲϿ˹йϵ
Ҷǳһ߸սӣһ߰뵽
ɲŸղλĵغãһǿսӡ

ͬʱսӵľݵ㣬ĸ졣
ӳ˵һʲôĻ񣿡οӳԨʵ
ԱߵľŹֲеĽɫ񹭣˵ϣһϺȵġ
ӳۿЦɱһλħãѾͣںܶǿħڶǣʱʵбĻ񶼲ѡǶ顣
̾Ϣǰ˶սӵɱ֮ˣ˭սӣֻһЩûбĵùŻᱻɵս
ڴ¶ԱԼʵŹַԼеĽɫ񹭣˵ҪɱңħҲҪصĴ۲СңǶѾɱ߸ħֻҪɱǾӪ뿪սˡ
οЦÿҪɱǾҪɱʮöòܰ쵽
ˣ
ڴʱӳԨͺһԶտտˡ
ԶҶǳǰĸ˿
ڣڣ
ʵǿ
Ҷǳе㾪ȡ
λȻĸһǿĶ飬ô£
ѵ´ˣԷǵϿ˹ˣ


1920 ׸
սӣӳڵĸˣڴǰҶǳ
ҶǳҲڴǰĸˣ⼸һܿǵϿ˹ˡ
ԣҶǳɫҲԵúĮҶǳսӣ
˵꣬Ҷǳ͵һϥ£Ҳ⼸ˡ
սӵļ˲ɵ㶣ƺû뵽ļһôС
СӣͦԸİЦЦ
ӳԨҶǳ˵ҽԨսӵĶӳӭսӡǵĸӳۡ
ָԱߵһ˽ܵ
ۿҶǳ΢΢Цӭ룡
ҶǳҲ˵ͷ
оŹ֣սӵԶ̹Ԩָһڲýɫ񹭵ľŹ˵
ŹƳҶǳһۣڣҲǣ
ԨԳҶǳһЦ˵
ԱߵγҶǳЦҽΣ˵СǲǵˣڣȻ͵սӡ
Ҷǳüе㲻̫⼸˵˼ѵǲǵϿ˹ˣ
뵽Ҷǳ˵ǵˣλ𣿡
㶡
ԨҲЩɻؿҶǳ
ʱ򣬸ӳЦ£Ҷǳ˵ҵˡ
ԨζʱȻѹҶǳǵ̬䵭
ԨҶǳЦȻ֪ĳ˭ӦòҵˡΪʲôɵսӣҴˡ
ԱߵЩͬؿҶǳ˵սǰɱһλħĵϵãͨǣսӿ϶ҪһЩǿħڣ֪
ԣĵҪءԨҶǳ˵ȻΪԱǻܼ°㣬Ҳұ֤ϾսӶΣա
ҶǳȻԭˡ
ǵϿ˹Ŀġ
һΣصǿսӣսʵǿĵȻҲǿ
ϾλħҪսӣôٵǲ۷ĻС
ҪĵˣҶǳһССĻڣˣ
ҿɲһ׸รɣ
ʱԶľŹ˵
ģܲãϾΪ̫սӡ
ԨеεؿҶǳڨЦһӲİɣսӻǺŽģֻе㵹ù˭֪СӾȻи
ҶǳһЦ漴ͷųԼĻý磬˵룬Ӧò׸
ڻý֮£Ԩ˶ʱɫһ䡣
Ҷǳܿ˻ý硣
ǻý磡
Ȼǻýǿߣ
ԲĻý磡

Ԩĸ˵ɴ۾Ҷǳĸ˵ж˾ϲ
ҶǳΪȻЩֻͣҪýڣĳʵɱһڵǿ߻ҪǸ˰
ϾȺս֮Уýʵ̫ˡ
û뵽ҶֵܾȻǻýǿߣսӵıˣԨ˷ܵؿҶǳ˵
Ҳ¶ЦݣҪлλУ͸ǡ
ˬ˵ýĴսʱ˵ʵû뵽սҲӵһýǿߣҶЩڴսˡҲ˷ܵ
ǸҶǳ̬ȲõľŹ֣˿ɫҲˣҶǳղ̬ȲãȻӵлý磬ǾͲ׸ΪҸղŵ̬Ǹ
˻㲻
Ҷǳ˵ͷЦ˵ˣԺսѡ
ԣսѣԨЦߣȥףһӭҶֵܼǡ

Ҷǳʼսӡ
Ϣʱ䲻ֻ࣬һ꣬һʱ䵽ˣսӾͱóȥɱС
սӪĹء
ս뿪˾Ӫħķͦ
ұҶֵܣԨ
ۡŹֵ˷׷׵ͷϾý̫ҪˣֻҪҶǳҶǳ֣ĳʵ
̫ǿˣñá
ҶǳҲԨĴɵÿЦҡҡͷҪ
ʵ㲻û򣬶ܿڵǿߡ
Ͼǳǿ

ǰǻɽɽͷڵħεĿǡ
úԨָǰһɽ˵
۳սپһϢй¶Ȼǿɱǡ
˶˵ͷ⣬һ¶Ȼǿɱǡ
ԶҪ졣
ҺͷһһŹ֡λҶֵܣֶԸһԨʼսƻ
ҶǳҲûз¶ֵʱ򣬴Ȼʵ
ϣ㿪ʼǱӽԶĻɽ
Ȼʵ̫ǿҶǳǽӽɽԶʱ򣬾Ѿɽϵͷħˡ
Ϯ
һŭ쳹ȺɽҰ
ǿϢӲԶĻɽƵ
ҶǳĿȥԼԼȻȻǻڵħ


1921 һ
֣
Ԩһ
ȻѾˣǾûҪˣսӵˣ˲䱬ŲԶͷħȥ
Ҷֵܡӳ۳Ҷǳȥ
Ҷǳ˼̴߶ý罵٣ʱɽ
ӴĻý磬ɽϵħ˽ȥ
áǻý磡
Ȼлýǿߣ
սӵˡ
ͷ񼶱ħŭš
ýͻȻ٣Щֲǵٶȡ
⻹ǻ񣬻ɽЩͼħǣסҶǳĻý磬ѾС
ֻһЩܹǿֵҲ˴ʵҶǳ˸ɲ˶в
˵һý磬ǿĻɽܵش
սӵļ˼״־ϲ
ýʵ̫ˣȺս֮Узǳá
ǻý磬Щ񼶱ħɱ󣬶ǣһλڵĻˡ
˻ý磬Щ񼶱ħֱӾͱϵ˴ʵ޷Իв
ҶֵܵĻýۣһһ
ԨýЧôãʱЦһ͸ӳۣһһͷ񼶱ħ
ǻڵǿߣаնԸһڵħοлýڣͷڵħѹʵء
ҶֵܡŹ֣ȥԸʣµһͷħμλӳ֣æҶǳ˵
ȻڴʱһӰѾ˳ȥĿǰʣµһͷ񼶱ħ
Ҷǳ
ԨλӳֵʱҶǳҲųˡ
еѾ¶ռһٱµĽŰȥͷųҵĹâ
ն
Ҷǳͺһ˺أһƴĽâиգݺݵغǰħϡ
ۣͷڵħֱشѪɳȥӴϣѺۡ
ȻҶǳһѾص˺嶼ʼֲסˡ
ôܣ
һشһͷ񼶱ħ
Զκ;Źֵɴ۾𾪺Ͳš
Ҷǳǿʵֱɵˡ
ڲԶħսԨλӳǴһԵЩš
ҶֵܵʵȻôǿ֮ɫ
еǰѽۺʵǲˡԨҲп
ҡͷˣǸǿ󣬱ˣӵлý磬ĳʵ
ԨȻҲԣǶѣԻý粢ûǣһǵˣǾͻᱻýĳʵﻹҶǳĶ֣
ΪǸ׸û뵽ȻһǿԽԽĿԶɹΣˡԨһ˷ܵ
ǷȴûжٿģԨڵĵĲħλҶֵܵĵˣҶֵܵʵ츳ĵ˸жǿǻ᲻ᱻǣ
Ԩɫһ䣬漴ΣȶɹΣ˵ɱͷħֻҪɱͷ񼶱ħ뿪սˡ
Ҳԣ۵˵ͷֻҪɱͷ񼶱ħ뿪սʱʲô

ͬʱڻɽһЩ񼶱ħҲյϢ֪սڹɽ
սڳˡ
˵ˣֻҪ˭ܹսӣܻһ߹
ڻܹͣ꣬һ߹ܻܿ۷徳硣

һЩ񼶱ħ֪սӵͣ˿̵֪սӳ֣ʱˡ
ǿɽһЩͳŻɽȥ
ȻҳֵĶһЩڵħںڵĿɲǰȥ
ϾսӵʵλڵǿߣһĻħܹึġ
ǺڵĻħҲҪһһȥɽ

ʱɽսѾˡ
Ҷǳռƾǿ󣬺ܿͽǰħնɱˡ
ԨͷλڵǿߣҲܿնɱ˸ԵĶ֡
κ;Źˣȫ̴˽͡
Ҷֵܣû뵽ʵȻôǿҿսӵĵһ֣ĪԨħʬ壬㳯ҶǳȥЦݡ
˿Ҷǳʱ̬Ҳı䡣
Ҷǰ׳գҶǳΪͣʵȴǿټϻý磬˵һǿš
ţΪߣԺȻᳬԽǣΪĳ
ĴȻҪǰύ˭С
ӳҶֵܣǹɽϢѾȥˣҪ˶ñħǿ٣ǻ뿪˵˵ʱɫص˵
Ԩɫصͨͱħǿ߸ˣڸ϶ħǿ߸ǵ뿪˵أⱻǰΧˡ
Щʬη䣿ҶǳͷɽЩħʬ塣
Ц˵ЩɱģЩͼħҲǱĻýɱĹ͡
սӰ䣬ɱı㡣ԨҲͷ
κ;ŹûκջСսĹرˡ
ʰһ뿪˻ɽ
úһЩǿħ˻ɽûзսӵټǼΧѰѰսӵ䡣


1922 ̽·
սĳ
սһ˶֮顣
ԨҶǳˣɫصȺħѾ֪Ƭ򣬿϶ڵѰǣʲôõĽ飿
䣬ӳ۱㿪˵·һˮڣӲƴһڶҸطŹʱ䣬ǱɻعӪܿǣӳƬ򡣡
ҡͷƬѾħˣҪӳȥѣҾûҸطȱܱܷͷ
ŹüǶһ٣´ɱħһᱻ֣ѵһֱôȥǻʵλս
η˷۵׷ɱǵĿ۷񣬾ҶֵܵĻýҲԶԶ޷۷񡣡
ǾһɱߣֻҪɱʮͷ񣬾뿪սˡʱҶֵҲȥĶ飬ٱսۡŹֳ
ˣˣԨһ漴ĬҶǳʵҶֵܣʲô飿
ҲҶǳ˹
ҶǳֻһͨĻôΪˣǿ϶οҶǳ
ҶǳɲͨĻʵǿ󣬶һӵлý硣
ԣҶǳǱӡ
ϾһǿΪ硣
ӳ˵͸ӳѾɱ˰ͷħκ;ŹҲɱͷħʵֻҪɱʮͷħ뿪սˡҶǳԨ˵
Ԩ˵ͷЦ˵սսô࣬㹻Ĺˡ
ҶǳЦȻˣǾͲʱˣһ´ǲǿħأλֻ۷ʥؼħ׼ħǾ޷ˡ
ԣ˼ǼɱħԨҶǳ˼
ҶǳͷȻͲʮͷħǾ;Ҳ뿪սҲԼĶ顣
Ȼʵ˵ô࣬ҪĶ飬Ϊܹɱħ
ϾֻɱʥؼħΪܼ
ôΪ
ҶֵܣȻĻýڿܻ۷񼶱ħڼɱħǲ̫ðˣοҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ΢΢һЦ漴˻֣ԱߣʱһӰ
ȥ̽·ǾͲ۷񼶱ħˡҶǳָǰĻӰ˵
һ㶡
Ԩͷȴ۾һУϸ̽һӰͻȻͫ𾪡
ⲻͨķӵԲΪЩŵ˵
ԨǿҶǳ𾪵ѵǻӰġӰ˵ֻлӰĻӰӵбɵΪ
ǻӰӰҵʦ𣡡ҶǳҲûмЦ˵ѧԺ
ѹ֣
ȻǸ̬ѧԺ
˵Ҷֵܵʵôôǿ

սӵļ˶ʱȻ
ҶǳΪʲô츳ôˣԭѧԺ
ΪѧԺ˭֪ѧԺţ
ÿһѧԺߣǶеţԽսԷһ򵥡
ҶֵܣڿԷֳٻӰͻȻʵ
ҶǳЦԷֳһڸҿȥ̽·ǾͿרһڵħɱ
̫ˣԨ˷ܵҶֵܵĻӰ̽·ǾͿԱܿ۷񼶱ħˡ
ĻǾͼɱħε˵ͷڲٷˡ
죬ҶǳɳǧӰ˷̽ȥ
ÿһӰǶ۾ҶԲΪǻ񼶱ħҲԷ֡
ҪǣҶǳȫЩӰϢһֻҪл񼶱ħ϶ɱĻӰ
һҶǳͨӰ֪⸽ħʲôȼ
һͷ۷񼶱ħ
Ǳͷ۷弶Ļħ
ߣҷͷڵħɱǡ

ҶǳʼսӵĸɱħУѾӵսӶӳȨ
Ͼֻ֪ȥжǿ֪սӵļֻġ
ҶǳҲṵ̂ģרһڵħǻڵħ
ѰҵĿԲ
һսӵ֣ܺܿ콫նɱӰȥ٣Щ׷ɱǵ۷ħôУȴʼ׷ϡ


1923 ֮
սһľӪ
Ͽ˹̤նһλ߳ӪϿ˹Ц˵Ͽ˹㲻ǹħǿţŸսãѾɱʮͷ񼶱ħ
Ͽ˹Цչأڿ˳սӣжˡ
ͷЦڿʼȨ㡣ŻڣûսӵıսϺΣգҪ뿪սˡ
Ͽ˹ҡͷҲŸսôôͻȥңʺҳɳҪȥ֮ء
ʲô
ɫһ䣬Ͽ˹ǿǻĽⳡȷҪȥ
ֻȥҲܿΪϿ˹
˿Ц̫ˣ츳ǳģαôż
츳ͺˮȱ٣Ҳܽͻᱻ¥Խ
Ͽ˹˵գͻȻʵҶǳʲôϢ
һ㶣漴ЦڵսħڱһȺ񼶱ħ׷ɱأ˵λ۷׷ɱ
Ͽ˹ЦһҶǳҶǳˡ
Ͽ˹ȥ֮Ҳԣұ˱㡣
Ͽ˹üͷ
ֵܾһǲһλռ۷б㣬۷֣㡣
Ͽ˹ĬƬ̣漴˵ͷã
ûм֣Ͼ츳ǿħҪ˱ҲǺġ

սһɽ֮УҶǳ۾һҵ⡣
ԶԨۡŹ֡˳ʱ¶Ծ֮ɫ
ҶֵͻƵˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ҲҶֵ֮ǰʹﵽ˻۷塣

˷ǳ𾪡
ϾÿһνҪµĻۡ
Ҷǳսã
Ȼôͽ˻ˡ
Ȼǲ²ΪҶǳʹﵽ˻۷壬ԲͻƵô졣
ҶǳҲûнͣϾͲ
ʵϣӣѾɱʮͷ񼶱ħͷڵħ˲ôڡ
ﵽڣҵսѾȻ۷壬ټ۷жǿˡҶǳ뵽
˴˿̣žԼѾǻһλˡ
ֻܶвˡ
ҶֵܣǶѾʲô㣿úսӳžӪȥ·ϣԨʵ
Ҷǳ΢΢ЦսжʺңϾз̽·
Ԩһ漴ĽǰлӰڣټҶֵʵ򲻻Σա
ͲµҶֵţ϶սĥ£ξûˣò񣬵ȻҪػȥˡιЦ
ǲ׼սĥˣϾ̫ΣˣңΪص֮ȫԳưһ棬ΪʲôҪսðɱ
ڻ磬ܳΪһǳصĳȷԳưһˡ
ӳʲô㣿ŹֿԨʵ
Ҳ׼ȥһˣȹΪȥ֮ѰͻƵ۷ĻԵԨЦ˵
һԵĸӳ۹Цʱ˽ҡ
ǵȻԨЦ
սУ˸ãΪûսʱѾѡ
ھŹֺΣǺġ
ӳ˵֮ʲôطҶǳеʵ
ԨɫһµĽⳡֻлʸȥ˵һλ۵֮أɱֻҪɱˣܻõʮ֮һΪ
ֻҪɱˣܻõʮ֮һΪ
Ҷǳ𾪡
ΪֻԼ˻񾳽磬ٶԽԽˡԣÿһνҪȥۡ
֮أȻֻҪɱˣܻõʮ֮һΪֱװ
Ҷǳ˵ȴʲôϾռֱɵ˵Ĵ൱ڻ˵ȫΪ
ռֻҶǳһУ֮ȴ˶ȥ
Ҳ˵Ǹط
ӳۿҶǳһƬħΪֻҪɱ˾ܻõʮ֮һΪǳңûʲôħǻ˴ɱǻҲ˴ɱҲߵѾǵˡ
˻ΡŹ˶ǵһ룬ֲ֪ܿ
ԨҶǳЦȻΣգǶ˵ȴһءΪǿԽɱУҶֵ㣬ڵʵնɱڵǿߣʱͿԻöԷʮ֮һΪҹֻҪɱڵǿߣܽˣɱԼˡ
ԣŶϲȥ֮ء˵
ҶǳȻȷջ˵ܹΪƶȥɡ


1924 ؾӪ
սĳ
սһˣڷؾӪ;С
ԨСع۲ܣԱߵҶǳѯʵҶֵܣȷûеǾҡڵػȥ
ʱһûϢֱԱֱķӪ
սӵ˶еľϾսĿŵظ·ʵ̫Σˡ
ο׷ɱǵħ
ҶǳĻӰ̽·ǿɲô
ӳģȻҲһЩˣʲô˳ˡҶǳЦ˵
Ϊһ۷񶼲ˣȻں
οҪɱһЩΪ
ԣƭսӵĸˣѡǵķ
ⲻû߶ãǰ㴫ĹɿֲϢ
еˡӳԨȵصؿԶ
Աߵĸӳ۳ĸˣǻһڣڡ
Ҳ㲻˵𣿡ξһ漴һؿҶǳ
Ҷǳʼ˵٣ǲûС
ٷϻɱУԨȵ
ҶǳѾ˳ȥ
ڵħңʣڵĽǡ
Ҷǳ
ԨͷԶһۣ˵ͷ֪Ҷǳʵǿ󣬶Ըһڵħڻ¡
£һڵħ˵ʵټҶǳĻýѹƣȫ⡣
Ҷǳֳսȫѹͷڵħ
ԨżҶǳǱߣһ𾪺š
ôǿĻڵħҶǳУȻ˵Ĳһû¾ͱҶǳ
Ҷֵܵʵ½ӽ۷ˡԨп
Ǹ̬֮ĽǾŰ츳Ҳûػˣսĥˡ
ŹƳǱһۣ̾ϢܹѧԺˣеţοҶֵܻ˻ý硣
Ǻǣѵû˵Ӱ۷ǵ۹⣬ȻҶֵΪͽҶֵܵ츳ѧԺǶġЦ˵
ԨͷҶֵԺΪ
ǵսӵңٺ٣ҲύһλδԵúܸˣܹύһλ൱һɽ
ǻûн
ڴʱҶǳѾնɱͷڵħԨ˻սɵһɨ
ľâ֮£ͷڵħȫش
ħĶԨͷۣͱ˸ˣԲűҶǳһɱ
ʣµǸħҲŹֺֻɱ
ҶֵûһǼҲѽɱοҶǳ塣
;ŹҲֻǻڣֶԸһڵħȻܹռϷ磬ҪɱԸѡ
⻹лýɱħ
ȻҶǳһɨ֮ͷħѾشȻǵĶ֡
Ǽ·ɡԨЦ˵
ڴʱǰִǿϢɫ䡣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰͳͷǿħǻ񼶱ڵħڵħ
Ҷֵܣ˵ġ٣תͷҶǳŰۡ
ҲҶǳǲɵ֪Ҷǳˡ
ҶǳЦ˵õģǲǵĶ֡
Ԩ˲ٶԣӭħ
ҶǳĻýڣǵȷħ
ȻڵħǱýѹˣвǡ
οҶǳڡ
ȻķһЩʱ䣬ҶǳǻɱЩħ
ڽ·ϣûñһħ
սӵˣһ·ɱ˾Ӫ
һΣһλ۷񼶱ħ
ҲһΣҶǳսȫսӵĸˡ
ԭ֪䣬սӵġˡѾܹ۷ˡ
ǿ⣬Ǹ۷񼶱ħҶǳˡ
ϧˣΪһЩնɱͷ۷񼶱ħˡ
صӪҶǳЩź˵
ڵʵǿ۷ǿһЩҪɱԷѡ
㱩¶򣬶δܹɱԷ
ֻΪٽһҶǳܻɱ۷

ԱߣԨۡŹ֡˾һ·ѾҶǳ𾪵ľˡ
һսã
ȻѾԴ۷ˣֱֲ


1925 
ûвɢϯصӪ֮Ҷǳ͸սӵĸ˷ֱˡ
Ϊ󣬶Ҫ뿪սˡ
ҶǳҪսĥ£Ϊ
һ·ɱҶǳɱ˲ٻ񼶱ħΪѾﵽ˻۷壬ֻһ㣬ܽڡ
ʱսȻһ¥Խ۷
۷֮ϣһ׼硣

Ӫ֮С
Ҷǳ߽Լơ
λƵ̧ͷҶǳʱһ˿š
ҶǳȻŻˣҶǳŻսӵǼ˶Żˡ
ǻɱ˲ٻ񼶱ħ
ôܣ
λ˾κˡ
֮£в۷񼶱ħΧɱҶǳôģ
г˲⡣
ϾҶǳʵǲЩħ׷ɱ´ġ
ǰչأѾˡ
ҶǳǰԼƣɫĮ˵
Ȼ֪ǰλϿ˹йϵȻʲô̬ȡ
֮Ҷǳתȥ
أ
һӣż߳ҶǳŭСӣһ̬ΪҲҶ㣿
ҶǳŲͣȥ
ͬʱҶǳҲ˹ʦ˵ֻҪؾӪĹأκ˶۸ңԳҳͷ
䣬Ҷǳ߳˴
λ۾ҶǳıӰɱȻȴҳ֡
̫ˣοӰҲڳ۷磬һҲ۷磬ôһ۷ޣǻ粻ǵĴڡ
ˬ
⣬ҶǳЦݡ
дɽˬ²һλӣҲֻš
ֻҪԼûΥӪĹأ˭Ҷ֣нڳˡ
׼ǿߣ˭ҵﲻ
ǹħ壬ûоԵǰҲǲ
ϾֻҶǳ͵Ͽ˹С֮ľףħɲ۷ս

ɾɣ
뿪˾ӪҶǳֳӰ˷˺ȥ
ı𣬾ЩӰ֮С
һҲҲҶǳıȻҲ޷֪Ҷǳȥ
ǻӰĺô
Ȳȥ֮أҽڣȥ֮أ
ҶǳɳӰ̽·Ѱ񼶱ħ٣ʼɱ񼶱ħΪ
֮طǳΣգҶǳȻҪһ㡣
Ϊ˻ڣ㲻ӵ׼ʵ
ʱȥ֮أȫбϡ
Ͼ̫֮Σˣ۷в׼ڣʵȥֱ

֮أһ߷ϣ޺۳ϴڴϢţ漴ͷеһɫĹӣгȡ
˵عԭ֮ʵ֮󣬿ɳɾһ
ԶŵϼأǵʱĻ֣൱ڵ
ֻҪŽܽˡ
޺۳г˿
Ȼ˿ռԴʵһ۷Ҫǿ󣬾׼Ҳ·硣
Ȼ磬ȴʼһ޴ѹأסôꡣ
ֻҪŽܽ磬ܲˣ
֮һأʲôﶼпܳ֡
޺۳ϸпһ漴еĽ
ͻȻ޺۳ɫһ䣬ĳȥ
޺ۣܲģԹԽɣһ֮һǿϢ
޺۳û˵ֻһ˺ѿռȥ
۶ԿռĲٿأ˭ܱȵռԴǿߣ
޺۳Ҫܣ׼Ҳס
޺۳Ҳż֪ӵнԽԽ࣬׼Χɱ
Ҫƽѽȥסǳ

֮ĳ
Ͽ˹նɱһλڵǿߣΪͻƣɵϲɫ֮治ŵıأԽɱУΪѸ
֮֮ǰֻǻڣȴѾ˻ڡ
Ľڻڣֱ
֮أֻҪɱ㹻ǿߣܿΪ
Ϊ־޴ջ󣬲ǿ֮ðա
һƣǿ߻ɱٲ֡ǿߡ
ৣ
ȻԱߵѿһߴӰ˳ŵϿ˹ղյϢ¥޺۳ϵõһŽںܶ˶׷ɱҲȥԵ
Ͽ˹𾪣Ǵ˵п˽Ľ
ߴӵ˵ͷ漴ԵϿ˹˵Ѿ˻ڣʵ۷²Ƕ֣ҲԱˣֻҪСĵ㣬֮رȥ޺۳ϣܲܶ
Ͽ˹Ҳãǰ˿ռԴ޺۳һһõ˽ܽĵ̣һǿ㲻صģ֮Ա㹻ˡ
Ǻǣ׼׷ɱ޺۳ϣҲûնýֻˡߴӵһЦ漴Խȥ
ȷҪϾ޺۳ϵʵο׼ӡ
ֻǽջ̫ˣʵˣҪȥ
ʱҶǳѾ˻ڣ֮ظ


1926 ޺۳ϵĽ
˻ڣҶǳνǵʮ㣬ǳŵؽ֮ء
Ϊ֪֮أûĴڡ
Ҳ˵ʵڴ˵޵еġ
֮Դ˵ûΪǶϧԼûɵ֮ƴ
ϾѾˣվ˻۷壬ΪʲôҪƴ
ȱʱ䣬ƴҲܼΪ
ң磬ΪǺҪҪԴĲҲǾ硣
ǲΪǵ۷磬ʱҲ׼۽֮¡
׼۾磬Ҫɽٵġ
û㹻ĵ̣ȥɽ٣ǾΪ
ҲΪʲôкܶ۷ȴиڳԳ׼۵ԭûаնɽٳɹ

֮أҶǳ֮󣬱㿪ʼͷųӰʼѰ
ʵڴ˵ؼ޵еģȻ޼ɵ
һΣҶǳĿѡ۷
˻ڣɻڵĴٶȲˡ
ֻ۷񣬲
֮ؾкܶ۷
ûһҶǳͷԼвٻӰӦ۷٣û˿ԥһħɱȥ
ѡȻѡħΪ
ڻߣֻҪͲԻ߳֡
ƾŻͻý磬ټеҶǳɹնɱһħ۷
Ҷǳɱħ
ֻǣҶǳһ㣬Ի֣߳ǻ߻֡
ڲúһλڵǿߣ㶢Ҷǳû͵Ϯ
Ȼ˵³ҲܲңҶǳһƾĵѪɡ
ô᣿
ķɵĻǿߵɴ۾Щ˼ؿҶǳһţԽԿ۷񣬾Ȼһͬ߸ɴˡ
ʣǰˣһ츳Ҫߵˡ
ǰ۲ʶ̩ɽͬʱߵķϣΰɡ
˿Ҷǳļæ
ҶǳٿŻѹ䶢ղų͵Ϯҵʱôûпͬʱߵķϣ
˵ǰ֮͵ϮѾԼĻˣҶǳ
ǰǹħӵܣɱңȻħ壬αˣǰҶǳҧ
ҶǳЦһħ壿ǺǣúǻĵϿ˹ЩԹյϢ
˵գҶǳ߶һնɱ
Ͽ˹λڵǿǰɴ۾ЩĿû뵽ԼڵϿ˹ĳ֮£жʱ˵Ͽ˹
ϧһжûˣֶԸҶǳʱ򣬾Ѿ˺
ףǡ
Ҷǳնɱڵǿ֮ѹδʱ򣬷һͨѶһȵϢ
¥޺۳ϵõһŽ֪ͨ׼׷ɱ޺۳ϣһҪý
ҶǳͨѶϢɫ΢䡣
޺۳ϣˣҶж޺۳ָ㣬Ҳ֪ҪʦӰ
⣬ĴҶǳҲ˵
˵̷˽磬ǻ
ڿ϶кܶ׷ɱ޺۳ˡ
ҶǳЩģæóһͨѶϵ޺۳ϡ
ǰѧԺʱҲǸ޺۳ͨѶʽ
Ϊ޺۳ϿҶǳҶǳԺһԳɳƽƽľ磬ǰύҶǳ
޺۳ϣҶǳ
ҶСӣǺǣôϵˣ

¥޺۳ϵһ߿ռͨѶϵҶǳ
ҶǳϵԼ޺۳Щȡ
֪СӦս
ϣ֮أҸղɱһˣͨѶϣҵ֪һŽкܶ˶׷ɱǲǣҶǳʵ
޺۳ϺǺһЦϢģ㲻õģҶÿռ֮ˣҵıҲûʲôӰ죬ķһЩʱ䣬ٴ۳һռ
ҶǳȻ֪޺۳ϵĿռռԴǿߣ۳ռռӵиһʵ
ԣռȻӰҪǿöࡣ
ǿռޣֻ۾ŸռӰϣӰռơ
ӣϡ
ϣǾ߿ռĻȥ㣬㽫ȥҶǳѶ˵
¥޺۳ԣɫ˱䡣
һ뷨ҶǳҪĻȻȷǾ߿ռ٣Żý
Ҷǳǵ㽻飬޺۳ڻôãǼֵɱĳοҶǳǵ㽻顣
ֻ޺۳ɻǣҶǳʵܹ
УҶǳĽ
ѵҶǳĳǿ߹ˣ
λãɡ޺۳漴ԼǾ߿ռڵλøҶǳ


1927 ž
ҶСӣϣ㲻Ҫʧ
¥޺۳̾һ
˼Ƭ̣ǾҶǳԼǾ߿ռ䡣
ҶǳǾ߿ռڵ״ܲãѾûѽȥˡ
ԣ޺۳ϾãǾ߿ռǿɱ߽
̽һҶǳ
ҶǳδǿȥĽҲҶǳġĿ
ǽڱ֮ǰΨһܹõһˡ
޺۳ϻǺܿҶǳԺĳɾͣҪ̽һҶǳ˵ƷΡ
ҶǳǾ߿ռҲ޷ǿŽ֮ˡ
ΪΧɱ޺۳ϵǿ̫ˣѾ֮أȥˡ
Ǿ߿ռѾֲ˶ˡ

֮ء
Ҷǳûô࣬ڵ֪޺۳Ǿ߿ռټ̶֮˹ȥ
޺۳֮ǰչ˹ôʵˣȻҪرһ޺۳ϡ
Ҷǳжرгرˡ
οкܶǿ׷ɱ޺۳ϣҶǳҲܳûɱһЩǿߣΪ
ֱһʯ񣬺ֶΪ

֮ĳ޺۳ϱλ׼סˣһλͬռ䱾Դ۷
ħĿ£û뵽Ҳˡ޺۳ϿԶһߴӣ䡣
һ߿ռڹħ¥Ȼʶˣ֪˸һ˿ռ䱾Դ
֮ԱסΪ˷ռ䡣
Ļλ׼׷ɱҲס޺۳ϡ
޺۳ϣңҿԴ߿ռ뿪ҵҽ֮󣬿ԴӦһҪֻҪҵΧ֮ڣκҪС޺۳ϴ
޺۳һҪϷٵҲǣϷˣҲֻһ߿ռѣϷں
Զ׼ԣɫޱȡ
ȷ޺۳ϵֻǿռˣʧҲ
ɫ˱䣬̾޺۳ϣαˣٵ绻ô¿ɲá
ǰ޺۳ϣҪһ㽻
ҳ
λ׼Ҳ޺۳ϴұƼ޺۳ϡ
޺۳ϻٵ˽Ҳһɡ
䡭
ڴʱһЩǿϢ۷񣬻м׼
Щ˽޺۳ϰΧˡ
޺۳ϿЩˣ֪ԼǴ߽ˣóΧˣ˵ȻˣǾͻٵŽɣ
ɡ
Χæ
ڴʱ޺۳ɫһ䣬۾͵ؿĳ漴
Щɻ˳޺۳ϵ۾ȥһİ̤ն
޺۳ϣڣ㲻شݻٽҴ뿪֮ء
Ҷǳ
޺۳ϴ˿ЩؿҶǳҶǳ̫ˣʮ۷񣬻׼
ҶǳǶ֣
ҶǳΪ޺۳ҲҶǳ˻ڣôҶǳ츳Կ۷Ȼٻ¡
Ҫ˵ܹɨȫ޺۳ǲŵġ
Ŀһ
˭
ôĿ

ΧһǿҲҶǳĴԲѣʱЦ
޺۳ϿЦһҶǳ߰ɣǶеĽ뿪˵ء
ҶǳǱڴ˵أǾˡ
ϲҵģһȺѣκβҡҶǳ̤նӵɨЩ۷׼
⻰ȥʱЩ˸ˡ
̫ˡ˳Ҷǳ
Ȼ޺۳ʶôץסˣ˵Ա޺۳Ͻѵ
˶ʱ۾һ԰в޺۳ϵĿռȴץסҶǳ
ǿóҶǳǱ𣬿ûз
ֻҪץסҶǳ޺۳ϲ
£һȺ˾ͳҶǳ
޺۳Щ
䡭
Ҷǳȴû˿⣬˷ýͻһ𱬷Ƭϯ
Ҷǳֳһһλ׼Ѫɡ
ţҶǳһɨǧλ۷նϡ
жʱޱȡ
ƺˡ
Щ׼ǿߣȫͣڰУ˼ؿҶǳһɴ۾
ôܡԶ޺۳Ҳɴ۾
Ҷǳ޵ʵ˶֮С
һ׼һشλ۷ʵ㲻Ҳǳӽˡ
֮أʵ޵еġ
ѹ˵аձ뿪֮أŲԶǸӰ޺۳૵
ǸΪСļһȻô̵ʱڣɳֵز
޺۳ϸоЩ˼顣


1928 һս

ޱȵİֱš
ƬУ˶ɴ۾ǱֵҶǳ
Ҷǳֳͬһصսӵɨˣм
áǿһλ۷񲻽̿ˮηؿҶǳ
лý磬д˵еĻҵʵѹһ룡һλ׼ɫޱѿҶǳг˼ɵ
ղŵĶ̶ԿóҶǳʵѾ׼ټϻýͻ׼ҲҶǳĶ֡
һýͻȫѹƣԣ࣬ҲԶҶǳв
ֶΣҶǳǲ±Χģ˵⡣
ôҶˣ
ȻˣҾͶˡ
ҶǳűסˣЦһֽɱ
ȻЩ˶ѾˣȻ飬ȷɱء
ûнڣɱ޹̫࣬Ҳá
˽ڣҶǳͲˡ
ֻҪԼռסвͻӰɽҶǳͲһеˡ
ɱ
Ҷǳһλ۷ɱȥ
ڵʵնɱ۷ǳ죬ѡ۷񵱳Ŀꡣ
ȻǼ׼ҶǳҲ׼Ź
ʱ뱩¶
޺۳ϰҷռ䣡Ҷǳһɱһ߶޺۳˵
޺۳϶ʱӦһ߷ռ䣬һҶǳɱˡ
ģЩӲߡ޺۳ϴЦ
˻ýͻѹƣ޺۳Լնɱ۷񣬻ܻ׼Կ԰ҶǳһɱС
ȻҶǳĴ֪֮£޺۳ϲûнɱǽ˴УȻҶǳһ
޺۳ϾҶǳǳûΪϾ֮ɱˣΪ
޺۳Լǿռ޷Ϊ˷ѣȻѵøҶǳ
ֻ޺۳ϲ֪Ҷǳɱ˿Ϊռɵ˵ĴΪ
ˣҶǳ֣֮ɱˣܹΪࡣ
һλ׼䣬ҶǳΪֱ˻۷徳硣
˴˿̣Ҷǳʵ·ͻĳƣﵽ硣
Ҷǳһɱһλ׼Աߵ޺۳϶ˡ
ǺǣͻƣҶǳ޺۳Ц
޺۳ϿЦСӵ츳ֲ֮ǰǶˣǾŽš򰡣лý磬Сص
ԼȻھһ̬޺۳ипѡ
ǿ츳ټϲͻӰɽδҶǳԻΪһ𲻿ǿߡ
ףƺҲǿռ
úҶǳɱһ۷۷ȻǷΪռûɵ˵Ĵ
п£ǹħǿߣҲ˿ռԴ޺۳Ͻ͵
Ҷǳɫһ䡣
û뵽Щ˵оȻһλռ䱾ԴǿߣһӵлϢҪ¶ˡ
Һ˲ͻӰɽҶǳ뵽
ĻǾΣˡ
ľַش֮Ҷǳ֪ġ
ȻҶǳΪܶ࣬ӽ׼ˡ
Ƚ׼磬ͿնɱǿߣӶٽ
ʱ׼ǿ֮⣬Ҷǳηˡ
޺۳ϣ뿪˵ذɣҶǳ漴޺۳뿪ս

֮صⳡսܿ㴫硣
Ͼλ׼ʮλ۷䣬Ӱ̫޴ˡ
磬ħ磬䶯ˡ
Ҷǳ֣쳹硣
˶֪һǿߣһˡ

ѧԺ
һЩѧԱǣʦȫС
Ҷǳ뿪ѧԺãȻǿ˲
ĳ
ҶǳʦӰҲ֮С
󰡣СصǶˡһпӵлǾŽš
Ӱ쵰Ϊʦ
ȻǲԿóӰкܸˡ
һͽܣӰܲˣ
̫ˡ
ЩĽˣ˵㻹Ϊͽ֪ҵΪͽͺˡ
ҵͽܣӰŭŲ
ƲƲ죬Ҳ֪˭ͽġ

ħ򣬰׼ҡ
׼Ҽаѩ˿Ҳյ֮شϢ
Ҷǳնɱλ׼ɱʮλ۷һսӰ̫ˣ̸۴ʱǰ׼ȻҲ֪ˡ
ѩҶǳ˵ǸҶǳá׼ҼһѩϣԼŮõһĴ𰸡
ȻѩĻð׼Ҽʧˡ
ףѩĿЩͣ૵ôǿֵزϿ˹û
ȻǿˣһһŽš׼Ҽ̾˿˿̺޲óԼһƣһţȻǰ׼ҵˡ
ţӦŮŶԡ
ڣҶǳͰһ𣬿¶ǰ׼Ҳûʲôøˡ
׼ҼޱȺڡ


1929 ۴
ҶСӣлˣ
սԵ޺۳ҶǳлҶǳһ·뿪֮أסĽȻǳм
ϲÿҶǳЦЦ
ԺңǷһ飬СٶȣҲòҰæˡ޺۳ϿǰҶǳпѡ
Ŷã
ҶǳѾɳز
˵ҶǳºܿܽΪˡ
ʵϣҶǳڻɱ׼ͻʥ۷ǿ֮ѾԽ׼ˣֻչһˡ
޺۳֮ҶǳҸطչˣûȥ֮ء
Ϊδɱķ˺ܶǿߣں˸ȥ֮ˡ
ȻҶǳҲҪȥ֮ˣ֮ǰɱЩǿߣΪ׼Ρ
ֻҪնɱһλˡ
غҶǳ¶˷֮ɫ
ǻľͷվ˻۷塣
һ㵽磬ٱɱοҶǳлӰ˲֮
׼֮⣬ûٿɱҶǳˡ
ֻҪɱһλѣɱħһڴӪҶǳʵûȥ
ԣҶǳսתһˣ뿪ˡ
û취Ҳɱֻܻȥʦʦæˡ

ѧԺ
Ҷǳڶ̤˵أܵĿĴпѧԱǣ׷׹
ԭΪҶǳᱻϿ˹ѹȥû뵽ҶǳͻȻսˣǳѹѧԺţ硣
ʵЩѧԱǣѧԺһЩʦǣСҶǳˡ
ϾҶǳʵһЩʦǿࡣ
֪ҶǳѾԽնɱʵǻ𺳡
ʦʦ
Ҷǳһ̤գӰͲǰλ¶ο֮ɫ
һֱɫĮĻӰ˿̶Ҷǳ¶ЦݣЦûʦ
Ƴ˻ӰһۣƲƲ죬ֹûֱǴˡ
˭֪Ӱͽ֮شɱķΪ֮µǿߡ
ҰҶǳٶȣºܿܽˡ
̵һλֱûӰΪˡʦ
ʵ˵Щˡ
ƾʲô
ͽüûһģиͽܣûñҪˡ
ǹ˵ġ
ӰΣӰҶǳʵ
Ҷǳæ˵ѾֳܹʮڻӰˡ
֮ӦþͿԷֳǧڷˡӰ˵ͷǳ⣬ҶǳΪǿˣҲû£治һԽ
ҶǳЦΪ٣ǻȣڿȹ̣ǳǵ֮⡣ȻˣǾҪֽˣԴʲô㣿
޺ǿŽûи𣿺ߣǾ߿ռסȻǿŽӰߵ
ҶǳЦ޺۳϶չˣһŽһûз
ǺܴǶֱ̤硣ӰҶǳһۡ
ҶǳЦѡ
ԱߵĲؿӰ˵޺ˣָ㣬㻹ղͽء
ߣӰһٶԣȷû޺ָ㣬ȷղҶǳͽܡ
ҶǳʵͻʲôҪıǿ׼α¶˻ټĻý磬ȺսʱռҪãҵħǱ߻Ը㣬Ǿ̤Ϊ
ӰҲɫҶǳ˵û뵽㾹Ȼ۵ġ澭ӦֻϾɣ
Ҷǳͷ۵ġ澭ϾǷ棬õ˻򡣡
̾ǴԵڷ˽õһλ۵ĴУһˣɼĻԵжôֻǿϧˣѾɽˣȻĻ츳˻򣬾ԻᱻΪ״ӣΪ׼۶ϣˡ
ӰԱ˵ϼһȻˣһͽڣȥҪһݡ澭¾
û⣡˵ͷЦŶҶǳ˵۵һͽܣҲһλ۷л۷֮ǿߣҲ̰ҵ󷨣һѴҪ澭¾
˵գ̤ȥ
ҶǳʱЩڴ澭ϾѾˣ˻򣬵Ѿˡ
֪澭¾ʲôݣҶǳڴ
Ͼһλ۵ĴС


1930 
˵գˡ澭¾⣬㻹ҪʲôӰҶǳʵͽܽ飬ǳġ
ҶǳڨڨҪһλķ²
ţӰ۾һҶǳҼǵϴνʱҲʦץһ񼶱ħ
еˣɱһ߾ǿߣѵͻƿ
ܰ
Ҫôףڻͱɱ¾ˣϾɱ˾ܾ磬Щǿ߶ᶯִɱˡ
ʦҵռЩ⣬ֻҪɱˣɵ˵ĴҶǳӰ֪סˣԵ
ʲôӰԣʱһ
Ȼġ
ɱ˾
ֱװ
˵ֻҪҶǳɱȥܳΪۣ
ԣҶǳܹΪ׼ۣΪûдۿԸҶǳɱ
ң׼Ҳôɱġ
ӰһҶǳЩӵ㻹ǸﰡûаΪʦҲܹѸֻǣ̫ˡ
е㵣ģҶǳֲ̫ˣҶǳܿƵסһƲסҶǳ»Ϊħͷɱ¾
ҶǳӰɫ仯Ȼ׻Ӱĵǣ½͵ʦģҲɱ޹ģʵ͵ȼ߶ûãҪɱҲֻɱңɱЩħ㹻ˡ
Ӱ˵ͷʱҶǳģϾҶǳȫԶȡ޺۳ϵĽ׾پ硣
ҶǳûôжرѾǳѵˡ
ɼҶǳĻƫģٲɱ޹ħͷ
ҲãԺרɱЩħǱҪħʵΪӰ
Ҷǳ˿ĻӰԼϾԼֲ̫ˣ˭ܼɵ
ɣֲ̫ˣһ֪ˣǼ׼۾ԲŹġ
ӰҶǳ˵ңΪô죬ûҺʦշעˡôĻǼ׼Ҳעˡ
ʦˣҶǳ˵ͷ֮Ҫ͵һЩʵñ֪ˡ
Ͼ֮󣬽ô죬Ǿ̫ˣԻǼ׼۵Ļɡ
齻ΪʦȥץһͷħӰ˵գ˱ʧˡ
лʦ𣡡Ҷǳ

磬ƶ
һλϥ۾ԶĲЦʲôˣ
ٷϻҵ㻹𣿡ߵ
ЦΪ˻ӰǸͽܣǺǣӵлҶһϧʦѾɽˣҵСʦˡԸ⣬԰Ϊʦ
ܸʦȣЦһмۣǿ϶ҸͽܣͲԶˡ
ҲûҪҶǳϾͻӰ֣Ҳܼɵ
Ц˵ˣˣӰˣΪˡ澭¾
ҪҸʲôֱۣʵ
ЦʦⶪϾΪͽܣϧ˼ҺܿͷˡʦҲ˵ˣֻҪϾʸ¾ʦڻ磬϶¾ҿɲһó㹻ĺôС
ϻ˵ߵ֪ɾܴ¾Ѿñ׵׼ˡ
ܼ򵥣ҪҵĻƶһԪ󣬲ҳЦضԲ˵
֪ʨӴ󿪿ڣҲˡ澭¾⣬㻹ץڵħ²
Ѿյ˻ӰĴ֪ҶǳĿֲȻûҪô
ĻһԪ󻻡澭¾ʵ̫ˡ
ڵħû⣡һ㶣漴ЦȺħʵӦǷŷѪˡ
˵գһЩϣ̤ȥ
Ϊ۷еǿߣɱڵħ˵ǳ򵥡
ʵֱɱħӪȥΣա
УЩħǻȦģĥº󱲵ġ
ɲĻѶȾʹˣƫֻǴﵽͨ۷̶ȣԶԶȲ
ԪϷǿ󷨣ʵټ󣬿׼۶ɱˡип
¶Ҫڴ˵زˣϾԪĲѶȺܴҪķѺܳʱ䡣


1931 Ĵ׼
ѧԺ
ҶǳЩĿɿڴؿǰӡİ˸ħг𺳡
Ϊ˸ħȻڵħ
ҶǳǰĻӰʵʦ㲻ɱħӪȥ˰ɣ㶯Ҳ̫ˡ
ŹȥãӰͰħץˣӰʵôǿ
۷Ҳûôǿɡ
ħȻû۷ħҲǻӰԿġ
ҿûʵ
ӰƲãʦһʽףɱħӪȥˣڵħץģֻǸˣץڵħ
лʦҶǳԣæм
ܹ۷ǿ֣߳ټϡ澭¾ɼγ˺ܴѪ
Ҷǳ涼ЩпᣬͻӰԷް̫ˡ
ӰҶǳ˵㲻⣬ϼһֻǰһ󷨣ҪķһЩʱˡɣ֮󣬶ʱ䲻ҪټΪȷƽ˾һʱ䣬׼۵ע⡣
ǣʦ𣡡Ҷǳ˵ͷ
ĿͻӰȥ֮ҶǳȲնɱһλڵħռ漴ɣҲ˳ؽ硣
ȻпɽˬԼ֣²Ҷǳиˡ
Ϊ̫ˡ
Ҷǳʣµ߸ħҲɱˣռЩħĴֽˡ
ҶǳֱӴڣڣʵǡ
Ѿӵ˽ӽ۷սټϻýͻȫԺ۷ˡҶǳޱȼ
̶ʱڣһԾ۷ǻľͷǿҲǼλ׼ˡ
Ǽλ׼۵ʵֲ̫ˣҶǳڻǵĶ֣δǵע⣬ǵ͵һЩ
ûӰߣչأ˳澭¾Ҷǳ뵽
Ӱֻʵպÿ¶ڵΪԲǼ׼۵ע⡣
ʱ䣬ҶǳͿʼ澭¾
澭ϾҶǳ˻
Ϊ۴УۼĹɲô򵥡
Ҷǳ꡶澭¾󣬷ߵľȻǻ֮ǹޱȿµĻ
Ϊռǻ𣬻ļ»棬ԻһУԻߵĴ
˶ƭˡ
ѹʵôǿ۷жǿġҶǳԾ
߻ӵмµĻĹͬ統Уǿġ
οлѹƵ˵ʵ
ˣͬ磬ûĶ֡
ǲҲֻ󷨣סĹ
ҽ˼£ʵӦûᳬԽҶǳ뵽
л򣬻лý磬ټռ˺üֶΣȻǿ
ֻǻǳѣûнݾߣҶǳҲֻܸݡ澭¾

磬档
λ׼ۣһλ۾
ʱ۾һλͬ׼۵Ĵڽ̸
λǿ߾Ĵ׼֮һ۾
λ׼۽̸ʱ򣬺Ȼħ磬ǵĿⶴա
ħӪһλȫڻеǿɱ˽һλλħƴӴܡ
̫ħŭ
ֻɱһЩλ۾⣡
漴жϡ
档
۾ɻһﲻڱչس׼۾ôĪɱħȥˣЩħ
ЩħǺͲʲôס۾һЦ˻֣бʾڻƶ󷨵Ļ档
Уλ۾漴жˡ
۾ݸЦһ󻹲˿Ϊǿ͵ѧһǿѧᡣ
۾üǻԪǲǿ󷨣ʵϻԪ󣬶ܶԿ׼ˡô󷨣
ΪСӣ۾һ֣бʾǳأǳصĳϣҶǳĻӰƺӦ۾
ϧҶǳʵޣټֻǻӰֻܸӦ͵Լȴ֪˭
ҶǳҲ£ֻǻӰ׼͵Ҳ⡣
ѧԺԺ۾Ĵ׼ǿ׼ۣԼ׼ۣҲ͵ѧԺ
ӽҶǳǰ֮¶Ӧǵõˡ澭¾
۾˵⣬ǻӰͽܣƾΪҪ澭¾


1932 ׼۵Ĺע
Ҳ˵ˡ
۾ŻʾҶǳЦ˵ӰεһͽܣСӵлͻý磬ʵھ֮ͬشɱķ츳⣬Ժ󻹻Ϊ۷
۾˰֣еҶǳʱʧЦŵͷӵȷǰ;
漴û̸Ҷǳ
ϾҶǳڻֻһС½Ҳв׼ۡ
ңǾŽţٶҲ
Ҷǳܿ챩¶ӵ۷ʵŻ׼۵ע⡣
ǰħ۷Ϣǵȥʱ򣬾Ѿʧˡ
۾۾ɫЩصӦܹס׼۵ģֻ׼ۡ
۾ɫ˵𣿡
Ȼ۾ѧԺչأ۾磬Ҳڹ棬ֻһֱӰ٣ǰħû뵽ξȻ۷ħֱˡ
۾̾ϢǼ˵곤ģ۵׼۵ʱۻֻһ󱲡۶ɽˣȴ׼ۣҲ
۾̾˿
߶׼۸߸ϣô⣬Ƕ׼˵ѹҲܴ
Ϊֹʱţǵȴɳ󽥽÷ˡ
ʵ׼ۣһЩ̫ˣθϣᷢ衣
Ϊ̫ˣ̫Ӵˣεòͻ
͸ֻһصˣٶȾͻ
ε۾̫Զˣ׼ۣҲ쵽ˡ
ԣΪ˳۾磬ε۾Ѿ˼ˣʲôֶζá
ε۾һпܽۡ
ǱǽתΪħ֮ħıԴûħ۾硣
磬ε۾ûӣϾЩѾɽˣɻע硣
Ȼħ粻һǱǻĵˣ±ε۾ˣЩĴҲ⡣
ֻ̫ˣλ׼۶òܳɹ
Ѿ۷ħҹҪתΪħ֮ˡ
۾أħ类ˣҲ⣬ֻǵתΪħ󣬻ᷴԸ硣
İɣûӣ۾ҡͷˣλ̫ѾưԺɽˣ˭磿εӣЩ۶Ź
ڵȷûӣǷ˾Ͳһˡ۾Щǡ
ЩԼﶼɱ¾ȫΪħͷ
֪һλ׼һˣǴв̫ˡ

ǳء
ղź͵ңҶӦ²۷Ǽ׼ۡ
Ҷǳ߻Ӱ뵽
ȻֻǻӰҲڵΪۺʵӽڣ۷Ҳ͵
ԣҶǳ²Ǽλ׼ۡ
Ѿ׼۵ע⣬ҸոսֻҪ¶ΪǾͲ̫ڹעҡҶǳ˼š
Ǽλ׼УڡڣֵùעҶǳڱ¶۷սŻ׼۵ӡ
ҶǳѾҪʱʵˡ
ıڲ澭¾Ҫ£õ͵ݷ
Ȳá澭¾£ҶǳսͻᳬԽ׼ۡ
ʱȥɱħ׾١
һֱɱħĴӪȥ̶ʱھΪ
ʱҶǳųء
ôˡ
ҶǳƬ֮󣬱һ̤գղ̨ǡ
ղ̨ѾΪǳӴĳǳˣϾղ̨ѾΪǳǿļ壬ǳظһЩǳأղ̨ǿ
ȻⲻΪҶǳҶǳһֱڰУûгְղ̨塣
һжΪղ̨Сղ̨£λ̫תǿߣѾָ̫ΪƬ޵еġ
ɶѾˣϧҩģǱޣҪ̫񾳽磬Ѷ̫ˡ
Ҷǳղ̨ڹţΧ·߶ղ̨λ̫񣬶ӦҶǳĴڡ
ϾڵΪټҶǳ;ͨõԱ˵̫ˣһĻ񶼿
ţ롢Ҳˡ
Ͳ츳ߣԼҪˡ
ѩĽҲܴ󣬽ǣѾﵽŽ״񾳽ˡ
ҶǳӦЩ˵Ϣɵ¶Цݡ


1933 Ͽ˹
ûдëǵҶǳղ̨ڵΧ󷨣Ȼͨ󷨣ڵΪ²һЩ򵥵ķ󷨣ֵܵˡ
󷨣ٿԱ֤ǵİȫ
ȻҶǳ߻ӰҲ˵أйڵĻӰһҲ⡣

ս
Ͽ˹֮سˣΪȻѾﵽ˻ڣû˿ˡ
ΪһҶǳ¼Ѿ״ˣǿ߶֪Ҷǳ֮شɱķľ֮ս
Ҷǳҫ۹â£Ͽ˹ҲȻʧɫ޷Ҷǳ⡣
̸Ҷǳ˲²⣬ҶǳѾڱչسˣҲһγ֣ˡ

Ͽ˹̾˿
Ȼܲʣ֪ԼҶǳĲԽԽ
еǣԸҶǳҶǳʵû
ʲô˼
˵ҶǳѹûӣõϿ˹еӵ衣
ҶǣϿ˹ҧսȭͷ
ʵڲİ
ͻȻΧһ䡣
ڵϿ˹𾪵ĿУѾһƬ֮УԶһͤϥһģŮӡ
Ͽ˹ħҵǿţѧԺİ˽ţϧҶǳǰ̫Զˡ
ģŮӿŵϿ˹Į˵
ǰմϿ˹Ѹ侲ʵ
ܹ˵أûвǿߣȻܹġ
Ҳ£Ͼһ㲻ԻС֣οıܴ󣬹ħ۷Ĵ
˭ҪҪ֪ҶǳĲж𣿡ģŮ˵գһ֣бҶǳ֮شɱķĻ档
Ͽ˹̧ͷȥг𺳡
ڻУҶǳʩչýͻֳɵرնɱ۷񣬾׼Ľ¡
ƥʵֱˡ
ۿһսϿ˹֪ԼҶǳĲжô޴
Ϊʱ࣬ʵȴǿˡģŮӻ˻֣еĻʧˡ
Ͽ˹ǰŮӣһʵǰץѵֻǳ𣿡
ɵȻµõǰ֮ץ˵أ϶Ҫ
ҿ԰ǿҪħ֮תΪħԸ⣿
ģŮһ֣Ա߶ʱһθߴħɢǿϢõϿ˹еޱȵѹ֡

Ͽ˹ͫһȻħľʵԷϢ
ǹħǻħ壬кܴʿԸħںϡģŮ˵
Ͽ˹ģŮӣȻҪǿʧңħںϣǺһλħںϣһ𣿡
ģħģħ̽Ԫ񣬽ʱͻһСģŮ˵
Ͽ˹üͷһ壬öԷûҪƭԼ̽ǰħ̽ȥ
ǰħû赲Ͽ˹̽룬ʹõϿ˹ɾͿλħ䡣
λħļУֻһˮ龰֮⣬䣬ֱһŰֽ
ͳӤûʲôֱԪ궼ɸɾ
ôܣ
Ͽ˹ͤǸģŮӣ𾪺Ͳ˼飺꾹Ȼ˸ɾôģ
ûģֱӽ硣ģŮӰȻ˵
Ͽ˹𺳣ܹǶôǿ
ֱǰŮӾԲһٵ۷
ô㿼ΣģŮʵ
Ͽ˹ǰΪҪң
ɵԷװ׸ôѵûҪ
Բܡ
ȻҪġ
ȻģŮЦκջд۵ģڵ㣬̫СˣûʲôֻҪ㣬ڴﵽ۷֮󣬰һ顣
۷Ͽ˹ԵһȻаսҪΪ۷ѶȾ̫ˣûա
ģֻҪںħܿܳΪ۷ģŮ˵
Ͽ˹ȴһƬǰħɴ۾
ֻҪںϣܺܿΪ۷
Ͽ˹ЩĶˣֺôħϾֻҪǿˡ
Էôô϶Ҫߡ
ǰȸң㵽Ҫʲô飿Ͽ˹ĿģŮӡ
ʱ֣ɱһ۷ģŮ˵
Ͽ˹𾪡


1934 
ɱһ۷
Ͽ˹˼ģŮӵĻܿˡ
ŮӿҲ۷ûɱһ۷ɱԭ򣬻׼Ҳֹġ
ǣתΪħٳֶԸ۷ǾͲˣϾ˫Ӫͬ
ҲΣգΪΪħ֮󣬻׼ۻ᲻ɱ
Ͽ˹ʱģŮʵתΪħǳΪĵˣʱ򣬾۷ʵҲ޷׼ۡ
ɷģתħľҶӰʯ¼ȫ֤ǻˡ
ģŮóӰʯЦ˵ο۷ʵǹħҿ϶ҲվߣֻҪٶԻǿ֣߳׼۱㲻㡣
Ͽ˹ҲԣֻҪԼվڻһߵģǾǻģħûϵ
ֻħѡ
Ͽ˹Ƭ̣ǵֵסΪ۷ջ󣬱˵ͷҧãҴӦ㣡
ܺã
ģŮӶʱЦˡ

ѧԺ
ƶ֪ꡣ
Ҷǳ۾ƣһɫĻģɢĸ£ΧĿռ䶼յˡ
˼ˣû뵽ôǿ󣡡
ҶǳĻĸ£ǳ𾪣ǿĻ棬Էһ塣
һҶǳĻǿ
˵֮ǰĻ򣬿ͬɵʵôڣҶǳĻ򣬾ˡ
ټϻýĳɣ߽ϣԿõ˵һˡ
Ҳ˵ҶǳĻýͻ֮У۷ᱻѹƵڡ
ڽҶǳʵһ硣
ڣռǿӽ۷˻ýͻѹƣ۷о޵еģҲҵĶ֡
Ҷǳ˷ܡ
˿̣óλ׼⣬磬ѾûĶˡ
ңֻҪɱһЩħΪڣҶǳаտ׼ۡ
۷磬ҶǳԼ׼ж޵еˡ
ٵ׼۾磬Ǿ㲻ۣҲ޽ӽ۾ˡ
ֻǲ֪ħûôɱ
Ҷǳе㵣ġ
ħ类ѹƵĺܲңһ۷ͻᱻ׼նɱħһЩڵǿߣࡣ
ЩħҶǳԼδؿԽ׼۾磬ƽ۷綼Ǻ
ˣȲô࣬Ժ˵
Ҷǳٶ룬ѡˡ
غҶǳȥݼӰͲ
ѾˣںͻӰ죬һӰҲһıɽ󣬶ϳЦݡ
Ҷǳֻǿ˻ӰһۣͷֻӰѾ۷磬ѹֻӰôˡ
ϲʦ۷ҶǳæӰϲ
ӰҶǳ˰֣ѯʵôָǡ澭
Ѿ˼¡Ҷǳ
Ӱʱ¶֮ɫ
һԵĲҲпµĻĻѹͬʵټϻý磬ڵʵѾ۷˰ɡ
ʦ棡ҶǳЦ
ãӰЦһϲʦͽ˫˫۷Ҳһѻˡ
ҶǳʵʱҪ¶̫࣬ʲôʱ˿׼۵ʵٱ¶Ҳ١
ӰҲϵЦݣСǼ׼ۣܹǸ̶ȣûǺˡһ֪ԿΪ׼ҲĶġ
ǣʦ𣡡ҶǳȻס
ˣˣɵ㡣漴Цһλ۷ۻ磬λ׼ۣѾûκǵĶˡ
ӰҲ¶Цݣλ۷ԿԺɨ磬׼ˡ
ңҶǳӰвһ۷ǿöࡣ
Σֱˣ
ͻȻҶǳ˸˵ʱһ쳹ʣǶ䷢顣
ѧԺһ
Σѵε۾Ӱ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ҶǳͲһ׷˺գѧԺϿգĿⶴգսķ
ǿϢ۷Ҫǿ࣬ڼս
ֲɢɨսɱߡ
ǻߣħħڷӴܡ
ǿߵսನɨ֮£ֵס
ǵϿ˹۾۾ϳǿߣʱ¶֮ɫ
Ͽ˹Ӱɴ۾
Ҷǳ˿Ҳ˼飬Ǹһ֮ס۾۾λ׼۵ˣȻǵϿ˹
һôֵܵסλ׼۵
ٶȱ죿


1935 ׼ս
Ͽ˹սλ׼ۣ·磬Ҷǳˣǿȫˡ
۾۾׼ۣǵϿ˹˭ѧԺһŶѣôܱλ׼ۻǿ
ȻǰһĻȴ˲ܲš
Ͽ˹ںλ׼սһѹλ׼ۣʵ֮ǿ˲š
ǵϿ˹
ѧԺϿգϢȫһңϸӦε۾Ϣ
Ͽ˹츳ٸߣҲ̶ܶʱڴﵽ׼۾硣Ӱ˵ֿ꣬Ҷǳһۡ
ڻҶǳǲҲ׼۸ˣҪȻôô죿
ʦʦ˵Ͽ˹ε۾ˣҶǳԶĴսʵ
ǵȷε۾Ϣֻ벻ͨϿ˹ֻһͨĺ󱲣ôε۾ôǿ
ӰҲͷε۾Ȼϵĵ۾ʵҲֻǱȹ۾۾ǿһ㣬ȴǿô࣬϶ʲôܡ
ҶǳԶĴսλ׼۵ֲ̫ˣԶԶس۷Ρ
Ҷǳ֮ǰԼпܿ׼ۣڲ֪׼ۺ۷Ĳ̫ˣԶԶǶ֡
һΣﵽھ磡Ҷǳ뵽
ʱҶǳЩħȻŻķħڱ
ô£ҸӦħлϢҶǳɴ۾𾪡
һ𾪵ħҪٵˣ㿴ħ۵࣬ѾˣħıԴڱ
Դħ綼Ҫ군ˡӰһ
Ҷǳз˫Ŀգħ۵ദȥ
ȥǸط
ڣǿħ۵಻ˡ
ħ綼ŻϢͺĩһ
һӴλ棬Ȼʼˡ
ֳҶǳǵһμ̫ˡ
ˣħ䡣
ϢԽԽŨ
ߣһȥɱħħɱˡҶǳ˵
Ҷǳʱع
԰ħˣħҪܵ棬߿϶
սѾɱˣȥħ»ˡ
ҶǳҪħΪأ˺գսȥ
ҪŻЩ۷֮ǰɱһħΪ
ͻӰҲ֪Ҷǳ׷׳֣Ҷǳץħ
ͬʱҲ׷׶ˣȫϵսɱ¾ħ
ħҲˣħˣֻܵͻħһ
ԣ»ɱٺݣħǶ֪س
սɱѪɺӣѪƯ֣սӰ
ɱ
ҶǳֳӰĻӰҲھ磬ټռʵڣӰ֣ץһڵħס
ҶǳıЩںڵħɱȥ
ûټʵһڵħҶǳֱչͻý磬ٽնɱ
ʵһЩǿ߶ˡ
˭һλ۷ҴҸͿҶǳչĳʱ˼顣
ʲôʱһô۷
նɱһλڵħ۷ҲõҶǳȴˡ
Ҫ֪۷ô࣬˴˶֪
Ҷǳģȴǵһμ
սǳңҶǳɱˣһʱ䵹ҲûپҶǳݡ
׼ûµĻ϶עҶǳ
ڣλ׼ڼսĸҷĹ۲Ҷǳ
ԣڲ֪УҶǳΪԽԽߡ
ȵҲҶǳѾ˳ڣһʵǣԼԱȼ׼ˡ
Ӧø׼۲࣬ε۾һ㡣
Ҷǳ̧ͷ߿еս
׼۵ǿϢѾŲסˡ
Ѿʽ׼۵ʵվ˻۷塣
ҶǳûнҲû֣ͣոħ
ֻǣŻǿߵĸҶǳܹɱħԽԽ١
ħˣҶǳҲûн۷磬Ǳ۷塣
ϧˣһܽ۷硣
Ҷǳնɱ˲ͻӰħûн۷磬Щź
СʲôʵҶǳʵ
ӰҲǵĴϾӰ
Ҷǳû˵̧ͷ˿߿еλ׼ۡ
ͻӰʱˣ˵һޱ𺳡
ͳ׼ˣ
ֲ̫ˡ


1936 ۾
׼սǻ۷塣
ͻӰȻϵҶǳı̬֪Ҷǳӵ׼ս󣬻һ
һﰡɵÿӰ
ӰоЩλã׼ˣ
һǲҪˣ
ϧûħˣҶǳҡͷһ̾
ͻӰԣж˿ãҶǳƷл㲻򻻳ǣ¶̲סɱˡ
ϾҶǳѾ׼۵ʵɱ۷Ǿ޵ˡ
ʱ򣬾׼ΧҶǳҲˡ
£ǻӰͲҲұ֤ԼܹסԼ
Ҷǳסˣûɱ޹
Ӱ
ʱһЩ۷Ҷǳ߷ˡ
ǶЩؿҶǳϾҶǳģ̫İˡ
һİˣôͻȻͱ۷ս
Щš
һλմһλ۷򲻰Ц˵
ûȲ˵һˬʵ㴫ˡ
ҶǳǻӰͽܣʶ𣿡Զ̤նҶǳʱг𺳡
Ҷǳ챬ʵʵ̫ˡ
֪Ҷǳˣ˽УҶǳһС
ոս磬ôһգ۾͵ڣ
ңҶǳȻӵ۷սһ۷ǿöࡣ
Ӱͽܣ
Ҷǳ
˻

Χ۷Ļǵһ𾪺ͲŵؿҶǳ
Ӱʱ˵ҵͽҶǳԺָ̡
Χ۷㶼̵һ۷ˣָʲô
֪Ӱװơ
ǣӰȷװƵıǮ
ҶǳʵҸղѾʶˣڳһ۷ûտҶǳ
ΪǿĻͻýӣֱ޵еֶΣͬ˭ܹҶǳ⣿
ͬӵлоҶǳԼǿ
һλ۷
Ժ˭ǰ
Ĵ׼ۣһֱ޵ˡ

һЩ۷뵽ԲҲԽ
ҶǳΪʲôôǿ
Щ۷
Ȼ氡
ǣΣ
Ҷǳʵͱǿ󣬸οвͻӰ۷˭Ұô
ڳ۷һϣҲûա
ϾҶǳĻͻýǰѾá
۷УᱻѹƵھ磬ʱôԲͻӰ۷
ԣ۷ǶҶǳαǿģҲֻܰѺķУκεĲ֮⡣
Ҷֶȸˣпƶǽһ¡澭
úҶǳ
ħȫ䣬Щ۷Ҳʼˡ
ʣµսЩͨͻ߾ˡ
ħһʵͲ磬Ǹв硣
ҶǳͲҲˣعѧԺ
λ׼۵սû˲֣Щ۷Ҳûʸ֡
صѧԺҶǳˣվڸ߿Уħı
һľ޴λˣֳҲѵһ
ĩհĻϢӵ˻ˡ
䣬˸еޱȵ𺳡
ûĥµĵطˡӰ̾
ЩǵûⲿвҲʧȥħԴڻԴ޵£Ҫɱˡ
Ҷǳ˵ͷϾԴޡ
ǰһȥսȥɱħȡԴ˶һ¶⣬ìתƵⲿ
ڣʧȥħˣߣΪԴǾֻڲˡ
ɱҲͺˡ
ͣˣͻȻԶ˵
Ҷǳ̧ͷȥֻλ׼Ѿͣˡ
ҲΪ۾۾ֶε۾ѹˣǻôε۾
Ȼ׼۾磬Ҫɱ˴Ҳѡ
ε۾Ȼȹ۾۾ǿҲ޷նɱһλ׼ֻۣѡͣս
οħ綼Ѿˣپε۾ħҲˡ
۾۾ֻЩŭ뿪ˡ
ε۾ѧԺ̤գ֮䣬ѧԺԶ
һʱ䣬ѧԺڵ߶Щ
ͻӰҲٴС
۾ħ綼ˣ㻹ڱչذε۾ĿⶴѧԺһΰӰ
ŶӰҲգ߳ѧԺ
̤ɫĹѧԺ
Ժ
ѧԺǿ߾ϲ
УǸɫӰ̫ˣɢųҵĹâ˸оһǡ
ѧԺԺĴ׼ǿ۾ԱߵҶǳ˵
Ҷǳ˵ͷо۾ʵһ㶼ε۾Ĵ׼ǿһ


1937 ӭȢ
Σ
۾ε۾Щӣ̾ϢȻǷˣħıԴˣѹ͹涼Ķ֡
ε۾Цħ籾Ȧģ˾ͻˣ㣬չôã֪ʵǿ˶٣
վû۾硣۾ҡҡͷ
ε۾ħ籾Դ˵ܽˡϧ˼ɵ̫ˡ
۾Ҳżҿվ翿
Ǿҿھжǿε۾ߵ
۾Ц֪ע⣬Ҳ뿴ħıԴܹжʵ
䣬۾һ̤ѧԺε۾һ뿪˴˵أǰңԶսȥˡ
ѧԺԻؼң
׼ǵд裬ûϵҲûʸȥս
ͻӰȥսϾ۷һǽ׼ˣۿ׼۶Ծ˵
ͽȥ𣿡ӰҶǳʵ
Ҷǳҡͷˣ̫࣬Ҫչһ¡
ӰٶԣͲһȥսˡ
Ҳ֪Ҷǳڵ׼۶ԾνϾҶǳ׼۵ս

۾ε۾ûдã˵ʵ࣬̽һ£ˡ
º۾عѧԺչس۾硣
ε۾ǰ˹ħ̡
ħ۷ٴУȻε۾ڵǵϿ˹ǹε۾
ضҼΣҲǵϿ˹Ͽ˹ĻͻȻ
ħ۷һ㶣Щ㵵ؿϿ˹
Ͽ˹˵ҺںϣļӴռλں˾ںϣҲΣҲǵϿ˹ߵĽ塣
ħ۷һƬ²ۣ˵ε۾ˣȻķˣֽѾǱˣΪΣ
ҲǷӲŻô
ܿ죬˷
ô˵ε۾ҲǸǹħǣ˹ϵԺһ׼۵ɽˡ
ħһԾΪ˻ǿʵ֮һԱȼѧԺ
֪ͨ׼ңҪӭȢϿ˹ͻȻ˵
Ȼƽȴɡ

ħ۷ȻвˬҲˣϾһԺ׼ۿɽ϶͵϶ɡ
ڰ׼ҵİ
ħ۷̫Ϊ۷ע׼ҵһС׼ңûйע
ⲻȥ
ܿ죬һλħǰ׼ˡ

Ͽ˹Ҳε۾ҪӭȢ
׼յϢ󣬶ʱ±ˡ
ε۾Ů𣿵ȻϿ˹еģڵеĻŮģ
׼Ҽкܲ⣬һǿĴڣΪҪӭȢ
ǲ鲻⣬׼ҼϵѧԺϻ
ȻҶǳ츳Уһλ׼۷ˣĺôȻ
Ȼ׼Ҽûֱ˵飬ҸȰѰƭ

ѧԺ
յ׼ҵļϢ󣬶Ҷǳ˵Ҹ˵ҽҪˣһȥμĻ񡣡
ѩҶǳһ㶣漴ЦôͻȻҪˣ˭㲻֪𣿡
ҡͷԴѧԺ󣬾͸ϵ
Ҷǳ֪ΪԼĹϵЦȻˣҾһȥɣ
ǻӰʱڰߡ
ڱ𣬻ڱչ
Ҳãڵʵ븸Ӧòֹһˡ¶Цݡ
ϾǱվļˣ޷ᡣ
ܹõ˵ףȻ

׼ҡ
ҶǳĻӰţͰܿ͵ִ˹ħ׼ҡ
׼ҲǹħĴڲ۷ͳһǳأ׳ǡ
Ҷǳһ׼ңͰһ߽˰ĸף׼Ҽ
׼ҼҶǳҲˣɵüͷһ壬ɫʱˡ
һʲô׼Ҽһ˵ؿ˵
üףǳѾѵ䲻ǰ׼𣿡
׼Ҽ̾ϢȻûҶǳսնɱħ֪Ҷǳӵ۷սƾҶǳݣϰ
ϧڵϿ˹ε۾Ϊһ塣
һһ׼ۣɵӶ֪ôѡ
£׼ҼؿҶǳ˵Ҷǳ뿪ǰ׼ңǲӭ㡣
ףߣҲߡɫʱսҶǳơ
׼Ҽ˵ǿɲ㡪޿ǰ֣
һǿϢʱӲԶ
ҶǳһֱĬؿŰ׼Ҽݡղܺ棬֪׼ҼĵôԼ
Ҷǳˣԭ׼һλڵǿߣѹûз֡
ǲ
飬һ׷̤նŰץȥ
׼ҼҾȴˣģǹħշǰ׼ұضΪħĶ޿ЦûҶǳ
ΪҶǳŸոսãܹжʵ
ҶǳսеսֻһЩ۷֪ϾʱҶǳɱ̫ˣҲ۷ܹʱ
ȵ޿ЩͨϹʱҶǳ뿪ˡ
ԣ֪ҶǳʵѾԽ۷
ħ壿
Ҷǳ޿ڶԷץʱһȭ͵ش˳ȥϵӡʱ޿Ѫɳȥ
ħʲôҶǳ
Զ޿ͫɴ۾
Աߵİ׼ҼҲһŵӡ


1938 ɱ¾
ô£㲻ǻӰͽ𣿲ǲŸոսôӵôǿʵ
޿ҶǳĲ˼飬һƬ
ҶǳֺڿҶǳΪڣʵǿࡣ
ϧ֪ǰֻҶǳĻӰоͻˡ
ǹħΪץ
Ҷǳʵ
޿һȻЩʵôǿβǹħҪץε۾ҪӭȢвͻӰɽҲûá
ε۾ҶǳüͷϿ˹ӣͲ㣬ε۾ӦǰѵϿ˹ˡ
ڿǻǱ˴ںˣε۾еϿ˹ļ䡣
ڵϿ˹ļ䵱У϶ǳʹҶǳҲӭȢǵϿ˹ִ
֮Ҷǳٷϻֱӳֹǰ޿
ʲô
޿һæȵ׼۵ҲҷΪѧԺˣðε۾𣿡
ε۾ߣҶǳмѾ׼۵ʵﻹɵε۾
ε۾ʵȷǿһЩΪ˱һ㣬ҶǳѾ֪ͨϹˡ
ۣ
Ҷǳȭӡ޿ѪǻӰҶǳҲŽӽ۷ʵȻ޿ܹġ
Ҷǳ׼ϣ㲻ͻӰҲס㡣޿ŭ
أ
Ȼ޿ԱߣѿһҵĽն򣬽˶ն롣
һ̣Ҷǳı̤նǿϢѸԶİ׼ҼеޱȾ
˿Ѿ׾ˣһλڵĹħǿߣȻҶǳһնɱˡ
ֻ̫гˡ
ڰ׼Ҽסˡ
߰ɣҶǳ׼ѧԺ
˰׼Ҽһۣ̾Ϣҵε۾Ը׼ҡ
Ҷǳ˲ˣڵİ׼ҵİΣԲں׼ңǰܣϾǸĸˣôܲں
ҲգȻˣǾһԽ󻼰ɡҶǳƬ̣Ҳ֪Լκ͹ħ壬ε۾޷ˡ
ϾԷȻڵǿ߶ˣ϶ưոݡ
οɱ˹ħǿߡ
Ѿˡ
Ҷǳ֮ǰȻɱ޹Ƕڵˣɲɵʴȡ
һ߻ӰͰѧԺŹħȥ
ɱ˸ղŵһλڵǿߣоԼѾҪ̤۷ˡ
ֻҪɱ̤۷磬ɲε۾

ħ壬һС
ε۾ϥ
ںϷǳĹȻûħħǿںϵġֻǣû뵽ħıԴҲ޷۾硣
ε۾ɫЩ
ôħ磬۾۾ǿһЩɲҪġ
Ҫǽۡ
ĻʱϾˣɼֲס
ΪõϿ˹Ӵ֮ѹˣѾ˱ıԵˡ
ΣӦҵģҪӭȢУҪҶǳͻȻϿ˹ŤҲ
ܿ죬Ͽ˹ֱŮİɣС飬һġסһ壬Ҫٷˡ
Ͽ˹ʧˡ
ε۾ӴϿ˹ǵˣҲ͵Ͽ˹ִε۾ЩӰ졣
ֻҪӭȢɱҶǳ󣬵Ͽ˹ִͻʧ
ʱںϾͳȱˡε۾գȻӦĳȥ
Ҷǳħˣںһλս
˼ȻҴ
ԣôӵ۷ʵ
ε۾һҶǳ֮ʱ¶Ծ֮ɫ
ε۾ûгֶԸҶǳǼڰйۿҶǳʲô
һոսСΪͻȻӵ۷ս
ڹħŲء

Ȼû
ͬʱڹħɱҶǳҲԼԼӦε۾Ϣ
ֻε۾ûгֶԸҶǳЩ졣
Ҷǳܿԭε۾ɻΪʲôôǿô˻ᣬҶǳȻ²飬նɱħ
Ѹնɱ֮ҶǳΪ۷硣
ʱħ۷ѾϹˣʵѾܿˣֻҶǳɱĸ졣
ţҶǳô㣿ħҶǳʱͫһ֪Ҷǳʵжǿ
ֻԼħ壬ʲôʱҶǳ
Ϊ۷չأ˽ҶǳͰĹϵ
ҿûǣҵġ
Ҷǳħ۷һ˹ȥ
ѾˣûҪ֡
һΣ׼ħȫ


1939 ׷ɱ׼
Ҷ
ҶǳĻýͻϯʱ򣬹ħ۷ʱɫ䡣
ΪоԼʵڣӸ߸ϵ۷ˡ
еֲܿ
ȻҶǳʲôϻҲ˵ֱһɨħ۷նɱˡ
Ϊﵽ۷֮۷ǰѾɱˡ
ҶǳоԼʵѾԽͨ׼ۣƱε۾۾Ҫǿ
ûг𣿡
ǳס
˵Сң
Ҷǳε۾ķȥһЦ
Էʼնûг֣ɼû
Ҳԣ׼ۿ۷Ҳֵں
ֱҶǳնɱйħ֮ε۾̤
ҶǳӰǸͽܣε۾ǰҶǳг졣
Ҷǳʵϡ
۷Ҷǳնɱˡ
ʵҲȲϣ׼֮µһˡ

ҶǳҲڴε۾ڵʲô״̬ǵϿ˹Σںˣ
Ҿңε۾
ҶǳҡͷѾʧ֮УΪۣҲѾε۾ˡ
һСҲָңε۾Цһ
ҶǳЩĿˣΪɱ۷͸׼ۡ
֪۷׼۵Ĳ࣬ǾصĲࡣ
Ȼں˵Ͽ˹ִûʧҵԸ
ε۾Ҷǳִɱ㣬ӭȢЩ棬Ϊôô죿ܣҿԱ֤һ
˭ҶǳЦһ
ε۾һ㶣üͷʲô
˵˭ÿҵҶǳ
ε۾ɫ䣬Ҷǳ΢΢Ѿܶû˸ˣҲûӡ
׼۶ѣ㽾ģ֪ˣΪǴءҶǳм
䣡
ε۾ǿϢŭˡ
׼֮ϯħפضݻˣһЩûüߵĹħǿߣ׷ˡ
ε۾ϸͷҶǳ˵Ȼұȫ㡣
ţ
ͻȻε۾ɫһ䣬ΪҶǳĻͻý罵ˡ
ε۾ʵʱܵѹƣ׼۾䵽۷硣
ε۾ʧɫæ˺Ҫ뿪ýͻ
ϧҶǳӰΣε۾ǰ
Ӳģ
ҶǳЦ
ò״һλ׼ۣǿ׼ۣȻŹýΪ
ҲԽε۾ĴΪ׼۾硣
ռ
Ҷǳһնε۾Ϊ۷ټռűȼ׼۵ʵ
ε۾ڻͻý˫ѹ֮£ֻǿ׼۵ʵסҶǳһնɳȥ
ۣ
ε۾˿Ѫ¶˼֮ɫ͹۾۾۾ûˡ
ڣȻһС˵ˡ
ôôǿ
ȫϳ
۷Ϊ㾹ȻԷӳʵ
ε۾Ҷǳг𺳡
Щˡ
ΪħıԴʵѾ۾ΪĴ׼ǿһ
û뵽һתۣͱһСˡ
ε۾Щ޷ܡ
ѵԼôŬֻһЦ
ɱ
Ҷǳɲô࣬ε۾ɱȻε۾ʵǿɱ
ûϵɱɱķһʱѡ
Ҷǳһֱ׷ɱε۾׷ɱ˹ħ
߶ˣΪҶǳε۾Ϣ̫ǿˣǵսĹע
ǿ߶ǿ
Ҷǳ׷ɱε۾˶С
ε۾Ȼ׷ɱˣ
ǺҶǳӰǸͽܡ
Ҷǳôôǿ

ʶ߲ʶҶǳˣˡ
Щ۷Ҳˡ
ֱӵɴ۾˼顣
Ѿܸ߹ҶǳʵˣȻǴ͹ˡ
ͻӰҲѣ㶵ؿ׷ɱε۾Ҷǳ
ô£Ӱɻ
ѯһ¾ԭ
ԭһжε۾Լ˭ǣƫƫҶǳ
ε۾ô꣬ǳ˸ͷЩֻ˵
ԱߣӰЩӣΪŮԣǰε۾
ȻҲֻǸпһ£ȻվҶǳͽߵġ
Ͼε۾Լֵ˭


1940 
˭
۾Զ׷ɱε۾Ҷǳɴ۾Ĳš
ε۾ʵǷǳģϾǰŴһ
ҶǳӰͽܡԱߣ۾ͬɴ۾𺳡
۾ԣʱȻҶǳ˭ˣѹֿЩ졣
ϴιעССǲŸոս
˭ôңոսСôһת۾׷ɱǿ׼ˣ
ǲһλڶʩչý簡
۾Щš
̫ˣǲǱĳλ۸ʩչ˻ý磿Աߣ۾ҲһɵС

С
ε۾ЩˣʼֵסҶǳĹˣϾƵļأԽԽֵסýͻˡ
ʵѹƣε۾еޱȱ
ҶǳʵԼǿ٣лýͻֶΣȫѹס
ε۾㲻ҵģ
Ҷǳ߶ռﵽ۷֮ռӿˡ
ÿһﵽ׼۲Σǳǿ
ε۾ʵ˫ѹƵ£ѾʼֵסҶǳռˡ
ĵϿ˹쵰
ε۾к˵Ͽ˹
ΪʲôҪִ
ȻҶǳ̬ŮˣҪԼɱҶǳ
£Ͽ˹ˡ
ε۾Ǹ
ı£òײ۷ħȻҵϿ˹ںϡ
ħ籾ԴŴﵽزΪ׼еǿߡ
ûи˼죬ү͸Ҷǳ̬
ε۾жˣ֪ˣͲҶǳ
ĵϿ˹
䣡
Ҷǳϵصնε۾ڵֵסռݻˡ
һ̣ε۾ǿ׼۴ʱ¶ܵռɡ
Ҷǳǣε۾Ĵ⣬ȻһȻͬȴͬǿĴ
ⲻε۾ĴеħϢ
Ҷǳһƺʲô¶Ծ֮ɫ
ǵûĻε۾ħ۵࣬ħıԴħĴ
ȻֻǲȱĴ
Ͼħˣħ籾Դ̫۶һЩʣµҲࡣ
ε۾һ׼۲Ρ
Ļε۾ҲôǿĴˡ
ȻһжҶǳ
Ҷǳռε۾ĴҶǳΪͽ׼۲Ρ
ռһҶǳ͵ͻƿ̤һµĲΡ
ۣ
Ҷǳ۾Ϣڷǣͬһ̫ͷųҫ۵⡣
ΧգڲסҶǳĹâ
һ̣ҶǳΰӰֱӳ䵽˻ǿա
飬һ̿Ҷǳ
ǵӰɢźޱߵϢ̲סĤݡ
ҵ죬ǲҿʲô
ղ̨ǣëɴ۾˼ָǵӰ
Ҷǳӣ㻯ɻʶ
ʦ𣡡ԱߵİҲɴ۾
С𣿡ҲĿɿڴ

ѧԺ
۾ܵҶǳɢǹǿϢ̲סӱչѡ
󡭡ۣ۾еҶǳɴ۾
˭߱ԺҲͲŸձչһôת۾˽ˣ
ؼǣ˭ôһӡûУ
۾С

ԶͻӰҲסˡ
ǲµҶǳɱε۾ʵᱩǣôҲûϵҶǳȻһӳ嵽˴۾硣
пѡ
ӰҲࣺ㲻ǽ̵һۣ
漴ϲ֡
ǵͽܣʲôţƣ

ۡ
۾͹۾ǵΰӰҲ˴С
ˣԴ۷ɽ֮Ѿܾûе׼ˡ
Ϊ˵Уһ˳Ϊۡ
û뵽ȻҶǳСһԾΪ˴ۡ
ǿε۾Ȼɱˡ
ʵ˵۾͹۾ЩֲǲŸոչעҶǳˣת۶ԷͳΪˡ
ƻõĸо

߿С
Ҷǳܵռľ޴仯Ϊۺʵﵽһɲĵز
ʲô׼ۣУѾͬϣһָ׻
ֻҪҶǳԸ⣬׻硣
Ǵ۵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ţ
ͻȻҶǳӦĿ⳯񷿴ȥ
ͬһ˫Ŀ⳯
嫵ĺɽ磬һ޴ΡǳӳǡҶǡ
ҶУһңңҶǳͨһˡ
Ҷǳȴϳˣ̫ۣҶҵڡ
ǳӭ
̫۵Ҷǳ
һ̣ҶǳԺж˺ܶ䣬һļ䡣
һлȻ
ҶǳЦˣһ̤ɽ硣
ȫ꣩
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